[
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 [PAR] Sinclair Lewis [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 [PAR] Sinclair Lewis [PAR] Prize share: 1/1 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 was awarded to Sinclair Lewis \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters\". [PAR] Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1930/>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judi Dench - IMDb Judi Dench - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actress | Music Department | Soundtrack [PAR] Judi Dench was born in York, England, to Eleanora Olive (Jones), who was from Dublin, Ireland, and Reginald Arthur Dench, a doctor from Dorset, England. She attended Mount School in York, and studied at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She has performed with Royal Shakespeare Company, the National Theatre, and at Old Vic Theatre. She is a ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 02 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 19 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 28 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 05 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 people [PAR] created 18 May 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Judi Dench's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 59 wins & 163 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2016 The Hollow Crown (TV Series) [PAR] Cecily, Duchess of York [PAR] 2015 The Vote (TV Movie) [PAR] Christine Metcalfe [PAR] - Total War (1996) ... Narrator (voice) [PAR] - Stalemate (1996) ... Narrator (voice) [PAR] 1992 The Torch (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Aba [PAR] 1990 Screen One (TV Series) [PAR] Anne [PAR] 1989 Behaving Badly (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Bridget [PAR] 1981 BBC2 Playhouse (TV Series) [PAR] Sister Scarli [PAR] 1976 Arena (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Sweetie Simpkins [PAR] 1973 Ooh La La! (TV Series) [PAR] Am\u00e9lie [PAR] 1966 Court Martial (TV Series) [PAR] Marthe [PAR] 1963 Z Cars (TV Series) [PAR] Elena Collins [PAR] 1963 Love Story (TV Series) [PAR] Pat McKendrick [PAR] 1960 The Terrible Choice (TV Series) [PAR] Good Angel [PAR] Music department (1 credit) [PAR] A Fine Romance (TV Series) (theme sung by - 14 episodes, 1981 - 1983) (theme song sung by - 12 episodes, 1983 - 1984) [PAR] - A Romantic Meal (1984) ... (theme song sung by) [PAR] - Problems (1984) ... (theme song sung by) [PAR] 2013 Fifty Years on Stage (TV Movie) (performer: \"Send in the Clowns\") [PAR] 2009 Nine (performer: \"Folies Berg\u00e8re\") [PAR] - What's Wrong with Mrs Bale? (1997) ... (performer: \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Misunderstandings (1993) ... (performer: \"Walkin' My Baby Back Home\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1982-1984 A Fine Romance (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) [PAR] - The Telephone Call (1984) ... (performer: \"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Furniture (1982) ... (performer: \"Rule, Britannia!\" - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2009 Waiting in Rhyme (Video short) (special thanks) [PAR] 2007 Expresso (Short) (special thanks) [PAR] 1999 Shakespeare in Love and on Film (TV Movie documentary) (thanks - as Dame Judi Dench) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2016 Rio Olympics (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2015 In Conversation (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2015 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2015 CBS This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2015 The Insider (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 1999-2014 Cinema 3 (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2013 Good Day L.A. (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2013 Arena (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2013 At the Movies (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2013 Shooting Bond (Video documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2013 Bond's Greatest Moments (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2012 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 1999-2012 Charlie Rose (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2008-2012 This Morning (TV"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The US Billboard song chart - TsorT The US Billboard song chart [PAR] The US Billboard song chart [PAR] Search this site with Google [PAR] Song chart US Billboard [PAR] The Billboard magazine has published various music charts starting (with sheet music) in 1894, the first \"Music Hit Parade\" was published in 1936 , the first \"Music Popularity Chart\" was calculated in 1940 . These charts became less irregular until the weekly \"Hot 100\" was started in 1958 . The current chart combines sales, airplay and downloads. [PAR] A music collector that calls himself Bullfrog has been consolidating the complete chart from 1894 to the present day. he has published this information in a comprehenive spreadsheet (which can be obtained at bullfrogspond.com/ [PAR] ). [PAR] The Bullfrog data assigns each song a unique identifier, something like \"1968_076\" (which just happens to be the Bee Gees song \"I've Gotta Get A Message To You\"). This \"Whitburn Number\" is provided to match with the books of Joel Whitburn and consists of the year and a ranking within the year. A song that first entered the charts in December and has a long run is listed the following year. This numbering scheme means that songs which are still in the charts cannot be assigned a final id, because their ranking might change. So the definitive listing for a year cannot be final until about April. In our listing we only use songs with finalised IDs, this means that every year we have to wait until last year's entries are finalised before using them. [PAR] (Source bullfrogspond.com/ , the original version used here was 20090808 with extra data from: [PAR] the 2009 data from 20091219 [PAR] the 2010 data from 20110305 [PAR] the 2011 data from 20120929 [PAR] the 2012 data from 20130330 [PAR] the 2013 data from 20150328 [PAR] The 20150328 data was the last one produced before the Billboard company forced the data to be withdrawn. As far as we know there are no more recent data sets available. This pattern of obtaining the data for a particular year in the middle of the following one comes from the way that the Bullfrog project generates the identifier for a song (what they call the \"Prefix\" in the spreadsheet). Recent entries are identified with keys like \"2015-008\" while older ones have keys like \"2013_177\". In the second case the underscore is significant, it indicates that this was the 177th biggest song released in 2013. Now, of course, during the year no one knows where a particular song will rank, so the underscore names can't be assigned until every song from a particular year has dropped out of the charts, so recent records are temporarily assigned a name with a dash. In about May of the following year the rankings are calculated and the final identifiers are assigned. That is why we at the Turret can only grab this data retrospectively. [PAR] Attributes [PAR] The original spreadsheet has a number of attributes, we have limited our attention to just a few of them: [PAR] 134 [PAR] 9 [PAR] The songs with the most entries on the chart were White Christmas (with 33 versions and a total of 110 weeks) and Stardust (with 19 and a total of 106 weeks). [PAR] position [PAR] The peak position that songs reached in the charts should show an smooth curve from number one down to the lowest position. This chart has more songs in the lower peak positions than one would expect. Before 1991 the profile of peak positions was exactly as you would expect, that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angola from past to present | Conciliation Resources Angola from past to present | Conciliation Resources [PAR] Angola from past to present [PAR] Angola from past to present [PAR] From military peace to social justice? The Angolan peace process [PAR] Publication date: [PAR] David Birmingham [PAR] When Angola achieved independence in 1975, a war was raging between competing national liberation movements and their foreign backers. Guus Meijer and David Birmingham revisit Angola\u2019s colonial period and the independence struggle that followed and ask how the resulting social and economic divisions shaped and were manipulated by the warring parties. The article describes the introduction of authoritarian one-party rule under the MPLA and the impact of natural resource development and international and regional powers on the conflict. Tracing the conflict up to the signing of the Luena Memorandum, the authors conclude that Angola\u2019s peace remains incomplete and that the country faces many challenges in achieving social and democratic reconstruction. [PAR] Read full article [PAR] Angola from past to present [PAR] On 11 November 1975, the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) declared Angola's independence and installed Agostinho Neto as its first President in the former Portuguese colony's capital at Luanda. This outcome had long seemed uncertain and indeed even unlikely; the MPLA had not only had to deal with its own serious internal troubles and disaffections, but had also had to take on the Portuguese colonial army and the two rival armed movements, each backed by powerful allies. Holden Roberto's National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) had initially been the most powerful of the three competing national liberation movements and in the autumn of 1975 it came close to capturing Luanda from the north, backed by a heavily armed force supplied by President Mobuto Sese Seko of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo). In the south, two armoured columns of a South African invasion force, acting in military coordination with the Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas Savimbi, almost reached Luanda before they were stopped by Cuban troops which had been rushed to the assistance of the MPLA. The independent Angolan state was thus born out of turmoil and violence and amid serious national, regional and global rivalries. This heritage with its deep historical roots was to influence the unfolding of events for a long time. [PAR] Angola, like most African countries, grew out of a conglomerate of peoples and groups each with its own distinct history and traditions. Gradually small local nations and states came into contact with each other and historical developments drove them to share a common destiny under increasing Portuguese influence. Long before the arrival of the Portuguese, Bantu-speaking communities had established a farming economy over most of the territory. They had absorbed many of the scattered Khoisan-speaking populations and developed a successful pastoral dimension to their agriculture as well as building up trading economies. One of the most successfully diverse market centres became the town of M'banza Kongo around which the Kongo kingdom evolved. Further east the concept of state formation related to the political ideology of the Lunda peoples while in the south later kingdoms took shape in the highlands of the Ovimbundu people. [PAR] Angola under Portuguese rule [PAR] Although the first Portuguese traders, explorers and soldiers set foot on this part of the African coast from 1483, modern colonisation of the whole territory was only formalised four centuries later after the Berlin Conference of 1884-85. Wide stretches of Angola experienced colonial rule for less than a century, and even after 1900 armed revolts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Soul - IMDb David Soul - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Director [PAR] David Soul achieved pop icon status as handsome, blond-haired, blue-eyed Detective Kenneth Hutchinson on the cult \"buddy cop\" TV series Starsky and Hutch (1975), Soul also had a very successful singing career recording several albums, with worldwide number one hit singles including \"Silver Lady\" & \"Don't Give Up on Us Baby\". Born in Chicago, ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Share this page: [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 14 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 37 people [PAR] created 13 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 48 people [PAR] created 26 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 973 people [PAR] created 26 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 127 people [PAR] created 05 Jul 2014 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of David Soul's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Starsky and Hutch Det. Ken 'Hutch' Hutchinson [PAR] (1975-1979) [PAR] 2004 The Dark Lantern (TV Movie) [PAR] Storyteller [PAR] 2004 Dalziel and Pascoe (TV Series) [PAR] Detective Gus D'Amato [PAR] 1995 Vents contraires (TV Movie) [PAR] Quill [PAR] 1994 High Tide (TV Series) [PAR] Brian Landis [PAR] 1991-1993 Murder, She Wrote (TV Series) [PAR] Jordan Barnett / Wes McSorley [PAR] 1990 The Young Riders (TV Series) [PAR] Jeremy Styles [PAR] 1989 Prime Target (TV Movie) [PAR] Peter Armetage [PAR] 1989 Deadly Nightmares (TV Series) [PAR] Cooper Halliday [PAR] 1989 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (TV Series) [PAR] Michael Dennison [PAR] 1987 Crime Story (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Newhouse [PAR] 1987 Harry's Hong Kong (TV Movie) [PAR] Harry Petros [PAR] 1986 The Fifth Missile (TV Movie) [PAR] Capt. Kevin Harris [PAR] 1984 Partners in Crime (TV Series) [PAR] Harry [PAR] 1983 Through Naked Eyes (TV Movie) [PAR] William Parrish [PAR] 1982 World War III (TV Movie) [PAR] Col. Jake Caffey [PAR] 1980 Homeward Bound (TV Movie) [PAR] Jake Seaton [PAR] 1980 Swan Song (TV Movie) [PAR] Jesse Swan [PAR] 1974 Medical Center (TV Series) [PAR] Walter [PAR] 1974 McMillan & Wife (TV Series) [PAR] Jerry [PAR] 1974 The Rookies (TV Series) [PAR] Johnny Dane [PAR] 1973 Circle of Fear (TV Series) [PAR] James Barlow [PAR] 1972 The F.B.I. (TV Series) [PAR] Clifford Wade [PAR] 1972 Movin' On (TV Movie) [PAR] Jeff [PAR] 1971 Dan August (TV Series) [PAR] Lawrence Merrill III [PAR] 1967 Star Trek (TV Series) [PAR] Makora [PAR] 2016 The Conjuring 2 (performer: \"Don't Give Up On Us\") [PAR] 2013/I Filth (performer: \"Silver Lady\") [PAR] 2011 Johnny English Reborn (courtesy: \"Don't Give Up On Us\") / (performer: \"Don't Give Up On Us\") [PAR] 2010 Rabbit Hole (performer: \"Don't Give Up On Us\") [PAR] 2007 The Hitcher (performer: \"Don't Give Up on Us\") [PAR] 1977-1978 Top of the Pops (TV Series) (performer - 17 episodes) [PAR] - Episode dated 22 June 1978 (1978) ... (performer: \"It Sure Brings Out the Love in Your Eyes\") [PAR] - Episode dated 8 June 1978 (1978) ... (performer: \"It Sure Brings Out the Love in Your Eyes\")[DOC] [TLE] David Soul \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and ... David Soul \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] soft rock [PAR] David Soul (born August 28, 1943 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor and British citizen and singer best known for his role as the \"seat-of-the-pants\" California police detective Ken 'Hutch' Hutchinson (opposite co-star and long-time friend Paul Michael Glaser)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl XX Game Recap - NFL.com - Official Site of the ... Super Bowl XX Game Recap [PAR] Chicago 46, New England 10 [PAR] SuperBowl.com wire reports [PAR] Buddy Ryan's '46' defense squashed the Patriots.(AP) [PAR] The NFC champion Chicago Bears, seeking their first NFL title since 1963, scored a Super Bowl-record 46 points in downing AFC champion New England 46-10 in Super Bowl XX. The previous record for most points in a Super Bowl was 38, shared by San Francisco in XIX and the Los Angeles Raiders in XVIII. [PAR] The Bears' league-leading defense tied the Super Bowl record for sacks (7) and limited the Patriots to a record-low seven rushing yards. [PAR] New England took the quickest lead in Super Bowl history when Tony Franklin kicked a 36-yard field goal with 1:19 elapsed in the first period. The score came about because of Larry McGrew's fumble recovery at the Chicago 19-yard line. [PAR] However, the Bears rebounded for a 23-3 first-half lead, while building a yardage advantage of 236 total yards to New England's minus 19. [PAR] Running back Matt Suhey rushed eight times for 37 yards, including an 11-yard touchdown run, and caught one pass for 24 yards in the first half. [PAR] After the Patriot's first drive of the second half ended with a punt to the Bears' 4-yard line, Chicago marched 96 yards in nine plays with quarterback Jim McMahon's 1-yard scoring run capping the drive. McMahon became the first quarterback in Super Bowl history to rush for a pair of touchdowns. [PAR] The Bears completed their scoring via a 28-yard interception return by reserve cornerback Reggie Phillips, a 1-yard run by defensive tackle/fullback William Perry, and a safety when defensive end Henry Waechter tackled Patriots quarterback Steve Grogan in the end zone. [PAR] Bears defensive end Richard Dent became the fourth defender to be named the game's most valuable player after contributing 1\u00bd sacks. [PAR] The Bears' victory margin of 36 points was the largest in Super Bowl history, bettering the previous mark of 29 by the Los Angeles Raiders when they topped Washington 38-9 in Game XVIII. [PAR] McMahon completed 12 of 20 passes for 256 yards before leaving the game in the fourth period with a wrist injury. The NFL's all-time leading rusher, Bears running back Walter Payton, carried 22 times for 61 yards. [PAR] Wide receiver Willie Gault caught four passes for 129 yards, the fourth-most receiving yards in a Super Bowl. [PAR] Chicago coach Mike Ditka became the second man (Tom Flores of Raiders was the other) to win a Super Bowl ring as a player and as a coach. [PAR] Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] capital punishment | law | Britannica.com capital punishment | law | Britannica.com [PAR] Capital punishment [PAR] Alternative Titles: death penalty, execution [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] crucifixion [PAR] Capital punishment, also called death penalty, execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense. Capital punishment should be distinguished from extrajudicial executions carried out without due process of law. The term death penalty is sometimes used interchangeably with capital punishment, though imposition of the penalty is not always followed by execution (even when it is upheld on appeal), because of the possibility of commutation to life imprisonment. [PAR] Historical considerations [PAR] Capital punishment for murder , treason , arson , and rape was widely employed in ancient Greece under the laws of Draco (fl. 7th century bce), though Plato argued that it should be used only for the incorrigible . The Romans also used it for a wide range of offenses, though citizens were exempted for a short time during the republic. It also has been sanctioned at one time or another by most of the world\u2019s major religions. Followers of Judaism and Christianity, for example, have claimed to find justification for capital punishment in the biblical passage \u201cWhosoever sheddeth man\u2019s blood, by man shall his blood be shed\u201d (Genesis 9:6). Yet capital punishment has been prescribed for many crimes not involving loss of life, including adultery and blasphemy . The ancient legal principle Lex talionis ( talion )\u2014\u201can eye for an eye , a tooth for a tooth, a life for a life\u201d\u2014which appears in the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi , was invoked in some societies to ensure that capital punishment was not disproportionately applied. [PAR] The prevalence of capital punishment in ancient times is difficult to ascertain precisely, but it seems likely that it was often avoided, sometimes by the alternative of banishment and sometimes by payment of compensation. For example, it was customary during Japan\u2019s peaceful Heian period (794\u20131185) for the emperor to commute every death sentence and replace it with deportation to a remote area, though executions were reinstated once civil war broke out in the mid-11th century. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] workhouse [PAR] In Islamic law , as expressed in the Qur\u02be\u0101n , capital punishment is condoned . Although the Qur\u02be\u0101n prescribes the death penalty for several \u1e25add (fixed) crimes\u2014including robbery, adultery, and apostasy of Islam \u2014murder is not among them. Instead, murder is treated as a civil crime and is covered by the law of qi\u1e63\u0101s (retaliation), whereby the relatives of the victim decide whether the offender is punished with death by the authorities or made to pay diyah (wergild) as compensation. [PAR] Death was formerly the penalty for a large number of offenses in England during the 17th and 18th centuries, but it was never applied as widely as the law provided. As in other countries, many offenders who committed capital crimes escaped the death penalty, either because juries or courts would not convict them or because they were pardoned, usually on condition that they agreed to banishment; some were sentenced to the lesser punishment of transportation to the then American colonies and later to Australia. Beginning in the Middle Ages, it was possible for offenders guilty of capital offenses to receive benefit of clergy , by which those who could prove that they were ordained priests (clerks in Holy Orders) as well as secular clerks who assisted in divine service (or, from 1547, a peer of the realm) were allowed to go free, though it remained within the judge\u2019s power to sentence them"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bruce Willis - Biography - IMDb Bruce Willis - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bruce Willis [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 169 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (7) | Trivia (102) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (17) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Actor and musician Bruce Willis is well known for playing wisecracking or hard-edged characters, often in spectacular action films. Collectively, he has appeared in films that have grossed in excess of $2.5 billion USD, placing him in the top ten stars in terms of box office receipts. [PAR] Walter Bruce Willis was born on March 19, 1955, in Idar-Oberstein, West Germany, to a German mother, Marlene K. (from Kassel), and an American father, David Andrew Willis (from Carneys Point, New Jersey), who were then living on a United States military base. His family moved to the U.S. shortly after he was born, and he was raised in Penns Grove, New Jersey, where his mother worked at a bank and his father was a welder and factory worker. Willis picked up an interest for the dramatic arts in high school, and was allegedly \"discovered\" whilst working in a caf\u00e9 in New York City and then appeared in a couple of off-Broadway productions. While bartending one night, he was seen by a casting director who liked his personality and needed a bartender for a small movie role. [PAR] After countless auditions, Willis contributed minor film appearances, usually uncredited, before landing the role of private eye \"David Addison\" alongside sultry Cybill Shepherd in the hit romantic comedy television series Moonlighting (1985). The series firmly established Bruce Willis as a hot new talent, and his sarcastic and wisecracking P.I. was in effect a dry run for the role of hard-boiled NYC detective \"John McClane\" in the monster hit Die Hard (1988). This superbly paced action film balanced laconic humor and wholesale destruction as Willis' character single handedly battles a gang of ruthless international thieves in a Los Angeles skyscraper. Willis reprized the role of tough guy cop \"John McClane\" in the eagerly anticipated sequel Die Hard 2 (1990) set at snowbound Washington's Dulles International Airport as a group of renegade Special Forces soldiers seek to repatriate a corrupt South American general. Excellent box office returns demanded a further sequel Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995) this time also starring Samuel L. Jackson as a cynical Harlem shopowner unwittingly thrust into assisting McClane during a terrorist bombing campaign on a sweltering day in NYC. [PAR] Willis found time out from all the action mayhem to provide the voice of \"Mikey\" the baby in the very popular family comedies Look Who's Talking (1989), and its sequel Look Who's Talking Too (1990) also starring John Travolta and Kirstie Alley . Over the next decade, Willis starred in some very successful films, some very offbeat films and some unfortunate box office flops. The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990) and Hudson Hawk (1991) were both large scale financial disasters that were savaged by the critics, and both are arguably best left off the CVs of all the actors involved, however Willis was still popular with movie audiences and selling plenty of theatre tickets with the hyperviolent The Last Boy Scout (1991), the darkly humored Death Becomes Her (1992) and the mediocre police thriller Striking Distance (1993). During the 1990s, Willis also appeared in several independent and low budget productions that won him new fans and praise from the critics for his intriguing performances working with some very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies by ... William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies by John Carey | Book review | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The Observer [PAR] William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies by John Carey [PAR] A diligent biography of William Golding doesn't fully capture the creative madness of its subject, finds Peter Conrad [PAR] William Golding at his Wiltshire home, 1983. Photograph: John Eggitt/ Bettmann/ Corbis [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] We hear a lot about the death of the author, but William Golding is an author who was almost still-born. The man who wrote Lord of the Flies found that no one wanted to publish it. In 1953, his manuscript spent seven months being sniffily perused by publishers, who all promptly returned it. The Curtis Brown agency even declined to represent the would-be author, a dispirited schoolmaster who had written the book during classes and given his pupils, in lieu of an education, the humdrum task of totting up the number of words per page. A dead end seemed to have been reached when the Faber reader, picking through pages that were now yellow and grubby from handling, contemptuously rejected the submission as \"absurd & uninteresting \u2026 rubbish & dull\". [PAR] Then Charles Monteith, a former lawyer hired as an editor by Faber only a month before, retrieved the book from the bin and persuaded his colleagues to buy it for the piffling sum of \u00a360. As a set text for schools, Lord of the Flies went on to sell millions of copies, introducing adolescents worldwide to the idea of original sin and the knowledge of their own barbarity. [PAR] My childhood reading life began, so far as I can recall, with RM Ballantyne's naively imperialist story The Coral Island; my innocence came to an end when I opened Lord of the Flies, which warps Ballantyne's tale into an allegory about the wickedness of our species and its rightful ejection from the happy garden. The novel, as the critic Lionel Trilling said, marked a mutation in culture: God may have died, but the Devil was flourishing, especially in English public schools. [PAR] Yet the man who wrote Lord of the Flies spent the rest of his life regretting that he had done so. Golding considered the book \"boring and crude\", its language \"O-level stuff\". Its classic status struck him as \"a joke\" and he disparaged his income from it as \"Monopoly money\". And what right had it to overshadow later, better books, like his evolutionary saga, The Inheritors, his medieval fable, The Spire, or his solipsistic tragedy, Pincher Martin? [PAR] Towards the end of his life, he refused to reread the manuscript (much revised, on Monteith's orders, before publication): he feared he'd be so dismayed he might do himself a mischief. Golding whispered the truth about these protests in his journal. He abominated Lord of the Flies, he confided, because \"basically I despise myself and am anxious not to be discovered, uncovered, detected, rumbled\". Discovery, uncovery, detection and rumbling are the appointed tasks of the biographer, about which John Carey, in this authorised life of a man he \"admired and respected\", evidently feels uncomfortable. [PAR] Golding called himself a monster. His imagination lodged a horde of demons, buzzing like flies inside his haunted head, and his dreams rehearsed his guilt in scenarios that read like sketches for incidents in his novels, which they often were. After dark, his mother became a murderous maniac, hurling knives, shards of shattered mirror"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Motoring Firsts - The National Motor Museum Trust Motoring Firsts - The National Motor Museum Trust [PAR] The National Motor Museum Trust [PAR] Home > Story of Motoring > Motoring Firsts [PAR] Motoring Firsts [PAR] Among the questions we are most frequently asked are the various motoring firsts. Listed below are some of the most common questions that have been answered by our Motoring Research Service. [PAR] Questions [PAR] What were the first motor cars? [PAR] The motor car was developed over many years by a number of talented individuals but Karl Benz of Mannheim in Germany is normally credited as the Inventor of the Motor Car. In the autumn of 1885, his three-wheeled vehicle became the first successful petrol-engined car. He was awarded a patent for it on 29 January 1886, and became the first motor manufacturer in 1888 with his Modell 3 Benz. In 1886, Gottlieb Daimler and his prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Wilhelm Maybach built the first successful four-wheeled petrol-driven car at Bad Cannstatt. The Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft was established four years later in 1890. On 1 July 1926 Benz and Daimler merged to become Daimler-Benz AG and its products Mercedes-Benz. Fredrick William Bremer, a plumber and gas fitter, built the first British four-wheeled petrol-engined motor car. Starting work in 1892, when he was 20, the still incomplete car made its first run on a public highway in December 1894. [PAR] What was the first motor car to run on the British Highway? [PAR] There are a number of claims and counter claims for the first motor car to appear on the road in Britain. Frederick William Bremer of Walthamstow is believed to have had a four-wheeled car running in late 1894. Both he and James D. Roots may have independently built motorised tricycles as early as 1892. Roots certainly had one powered by an oil engine running on the road in early 1896. [PAR] Another theory is that the first motor car to run on the British highway was a 2hp Benz Velo imported by Henry Hewetson in November 1894, although some believe this may have actually been in 1895. The Hon. Evelyn Ellis certainly imported a Panhard et Levassor into Britain in June 1895. [PAR] By the end of 1895, following further importations, it was estimated that there were 14 or 15 cars on Britain\u2019s roads, a figure which had increased dramatically by 1900 to approximately seven or eight hundred! The million mark for private cars was reached in Britain in 1930, with 10 million in 1967. [PAR] John Henry Knight of Farnham, Surrey was an engineer and enthusiastic inventor with a keen interest in photography and locomotion. With the help of engineer George Parfitt, in 1895 he created the first purpose-built, petrol-driven, three-wheeled car to be run on the roads of Britain. In order to improve stability a fourth wheel was added the following year. This pioneering British car is on display at the National Motor Museum. [PAR] Cycle makers Charles and Walter Santler of Malvern Link, Worcestershire built a steam car in 1889 which was subsequently fitted with a single cylinder gas engine and then rebuilt again with a single cylinder \u2018petrol\u2019 engine in 1894. Santlers went on to build several other cars between 1897 and 1913 when they launched a range of light cars for general sale. [PAR] Frederick Lanchester started work on a four-wheeled petrol car in 1895 which was successfully tested on the road in early 1896. The Lanchester Engine Co. commenced building production cars in 1899. [PAR] When was the word petrol first used? [PAR] The term petrol was not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Big Bill Broonzy, Blues Musician from Scott Mississippi Big Bill Broonzy, Blues Musician from Scott Mississippi [PAR] William Lee Conley Broonzy: A Biography [PAR] By Anton Duck (SHS) [PAR] Anton Duck (SHS Researcher) [PAR] William Lee Conley Broonzy, one of the masters of country blues, was born in Scott, Mississippi, on June 26, 1893. However, one source says Broonzy had a twin sister name Lannie Broonzy, who says she has proof that she was born in 1898, on June 26. This information would have proved that Broonzy was five years younger than he pretended. Big Bill was the son of Frank Broonzy and Mittie Belcher, who had seventeen other children (Bruynoghe 9). During this time period, many black men added years to their age either to get a job or join the military, so the exact date of Broonzy\u2019s birth is not clear (Barnwell 317). [PAR] Broonzy\u2019s life as a child was hard because he received only minimal schooling. He had to quit school to help his sharecropping family around the house. Before he moved to Arkansas, Broonzy learned how to play the fiddle from his uncle Jerry Belcher. At the age of fourteen, he started working for tips at country dances, picnics, and he played for the church (Broonzy). During the years 1912-1917, Broonzy worked part time as a preacher and violinist. [PAR] Then Broonzy served in the US Army during World War I. After his discharge, he returned back to Arkansas. This is the time when he decided that farming was not what he wanted to do for the rest of his life. He wanted to make his living as a guitar player and singer. In 1924, Broonzy moved to Chicago to start his music career partly because of all the racism that was happening in the South. Under the guidance of Papa Charlie Jackson, Broonzy learned how to play the guitar. In the 1930\u2019s Broonzy became known as one of the major artists on the Chicago Blues scene. During this time he performed with other top blues artist in Chicago\u2013 like Memphis Minnie, Tampa Red, Jazz Gillum, Lonnie Johnson, and John Lee \u201cSonny Boy\u201d Williamson. Also, while trying to make it in the music business, he worked as a janitor and maintenance man (Big Bill Broonzy). [PAR] In 1938 Broonzy performed at John Hammond\u2019s famous Spiritual and Swing concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City. This was the first time that he had ever performed in front of a white audience. After the concert, people started calling him \u201cBig Bill\u201d Broonzy. At this time Broonzy received newfound fame as the father of Chicago blues.(Broonzy). He was one of the best known blues players and recorded over 260 blues songs including Feelin\u2019 Low Down, Remember Big Bill, Make Me Getaway, and Big Bill Broonzy Sings Country Blues (Brewer 15). His recording career spanned five long decades as he traveled from Mississippi to Chicago and even to Europe, where he became well-known. There are forty-two of his albums still available (Cox 113). [PAR] After the arrival of artists like Muddy Waters and the playing of the electric guitar, Broonzy\u2019s brand of blues was pushed aside. Rather than retire, he changed his style of music to folk blues. In 1951, Broonzy toured Europe where he performed standard blues, traditional folk tunes, and spirituals to appreciative audiences. The following year Broonzy returned to Europe with pianist Blind John Davis. He opened the doors for other American blues artists to tour there as well. In 1955, with the help of writer Yannick Bruynoghe, he told the story of his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joan Rivers Net Worth - TheRichest stumbleupon [PAR] More StatsView More [PAR] About Joan Rivers [PAR] Joan Alexandra Molinsky, better known by her professional name Joan Rivers has an estimated net worth of $150 million. Rivers is an American television personality, comedian, writer, film director, and actress. As a young adult she studied anthropology at Connecticut College and held down low paying jobs from working as a tour guide instructor and sales consultant for a department store. [PAR] Rivers is known for funny and highly controversial humor. From the start her first role was daring, as she played the role of a lesbian lover to Barbara Streisand, in a a short-run play, Driftwood. Later in the 60\u2019s she focused on stand-up comedy. Her first television appearance was on the Tonight Show hosted by Jack Paar. Before long, she was hosting the show along with Saturday Night Live and the Ed Sullivan Show. She has since gone on to own and host her own television talk shows. [PAR] Rivers has written several books, and acted in several movies and television shows, she is currently starring in her online talk show In Bed with Joan. [PAR] Earnings & Financial Data [PAR] The below financial data is gathered and compiled by TheRichest analysts team to give you a better understanding of Joan Rivers's net worth by breaking down the most relevant financial events such as yearly salaries, contracts, earn outs, endorsements, stock ownership and much more. [PAR] ?[DOC] [TLE] Joan Alexandra Rosenberg (Molinsky) (1933 - 2014 ... Joan Alexandra Rosenberg (Molinsky) (1933 - 2014) - Genealogy [PAR] stepmother [PAR] About Joan Rivers [PAR] Joan Alexandra Molinsky (born June 8, 1933), better known by her stage name Joan Rivers, is an American television personality, comedian, writer, film director, and actress. She is known for her ribald, depreciative style. Rivers' comic style relies heavily on her ability to poke fun at herself and other Hollywood celebrities. Her long career spanning 5 decades has led to her becoming known as a comedy legend and icon, often being referred to as 'The Queen Of Comedy'."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edward Villella - Division of Cultural Affairs - Florida ... Edward Villella - Division of Cultural Affairs - Florida Department of State [PAR] Division of Cultural Affairs [PAR] Inducted in 1997 [PAR] Biography [PAR] Edward Villella is generally regarded as America's most celebrated male dancer. During his career with the New York City Ballet, his supreme artistry\u2013marked by grace, athleticism and virility\u2013helped popularize the role of men in dance. The great choreographer George Balanchine used him to create role after magnificent role, including perhaps his most famous in the cast of Balanchine's 1929 masterpiece, The Prodigal Son. [PAR] Villella was born in the Bayside neighborhood of Queens, New York, in 1936. At age 10, he enrolled in the School of American Ballet. But at the urging of his father, in college (the New York Maritime Academy), Villella pursued a degree in marine transportation while also lettering in baseball and becoming a championship welterweight boxer. His love of dance, however, never waned, and while in college he also became a member of the New York City Ballet. [PAR] After graduating in 1959, he rejoined the School of American Ballet, and soon was well on his way toward becoming the leading male star in American dance. As a favorite of Balanchine's, he won fame with lead roles in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Tarantella, Jewels and Prodigal Son. [PAR] Villella went on to become the first male American dancer to appear with the Royal Danish Ballet and the first American in history\u2013male or female\u2013to be invited to dance an encore at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. He danced for four sitting presidents, including a performance at the inauguration of John F. Kennedy. [PAR] By the late 1960s, Villella had become a familiar figure in television productions, with rave reviews for performances in Brigadoon, The Nutcracker and even the Ed Sullivan Show. In the early 1970s, he appeared as himself in an episode of The Odd Couple, starring Tony Randall and Jack Klugman. [PAR] In a performance for President Gerald Ford at the White House in 1975, Villella suffered an injury that ended his career as a performer. Throughout his retirement from the stage, Villella has led an energetic and creative career as artistic director to ballet companies in New Jersey, Oklahoma and elsewhere. In 1986 he became founding director for the Miami City Ballet and since then has guided the company to worldwide acclaim. He still serves as the ballet's artistic director and executive officer. [PAR] In recognition of his lifetime achievements in the arts, in 1997 President Bill Clinton awarded Villella a National Medal of Arts. In 2009, he was inducted into the National Museum of Dance C.V. Whitney Hall of Fame. His autobiography, Prodigal Son: Dancing for Balanchine in a World of Pain and Magic, was reissued by the University of Pittsburgh Press in 1998. Villella's wife, Linda, is director of the Miami City Ballet School. [PAR] Related Links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silk in World Markets - International Tradeforum Silk in World Markets [PAR] SILK IN WORLD MARKETS [PAR] \u00a9 International Trade Centre, International Trade Forum - Issue 1/1999 [PAR] Japan is the world's leading silk consumer. [PAR] Silk has a miniscule percentage of the global textile fibre market-less than 0.2%. This figure, however, is misleading, since the actual trading value of silk and silk products is much more impressive. This is a multibillion dollar trade, with a unit price for raw silk roughly twenty times that of raw cotton. (The precise global value is difficult to assess, since reliable data on finished silk products is lacking in most importing countries.) To give an idea of the value, however, the annual turnover of the China National Silk Import and Export Corporation alone is US$ 2-2.5 billion. [PAR] Unlike some other textiles, silk-wearing traditions and demand go back a long way. A good example is India, where the local demand greatly exceeds supply (and hampers export growth). India has thus become the largest importer of raw silk, despite the fact that it is now the second largest producer. Some other silk producers are also experiencing fast-growing local demand, such as China, where consumers are increasingly able to afford the lower price range silk products. This pattern is also expected to repeat itself in Viet Nam. [PAR] Italy and France [PAR] Raw silk importers, high-quality processors [PAR] Italy has been traditionally the largest importer, processor and exporter of silk products in Europe. In 1997, Italy imported some 3200 tons of raw silk and over 700 tons of silk yarn, primarily from China. Italy also imported about 300 tons of ladies' blouses, of which over 80% came from China. Silk garment imports, however, have drastically gone down over the last five years. (In 1992, the country imported more than 700 tons of ladies' blouses.) Italy is well-known for highly developed skills in silk processing (finishing, dyeing and printing silk fabrics). Exports of silk scarves rose by about 15% between from 1996 to 1997, to 586 tons. Exports of silk neckties reached 1230 tons the same year. [PAR] France is another country with a considerable silk processing industry. For centuries, Lyon has produced silk fabrics of the highest quality for domestic consumption and for export. More than 70% of silk fabrics in the French market have been traditionally used for clothing. There are signs that silk may have a growing market also for interior decoration use as curtains, wall covers, bed spreads and upholstery. France exports top quality silk fabrics to the US market, with unit prices reaching US$ 30 per m2. [PAR] United States [PAR] Emphasis on easy-care fabrics [PAR] The US market is one of the world's largest, and imports include garments, interior decoration fabrics and accessories. Silk processing capacity is virtually nonexistent. Imports of silk goods were valued at about US$ 2 billion in 1997; 10% was for home furnishing. Unlike European consumers, US consumers do not have a long tradition of using silk. Silk therefore has never had the same aura as in Europe. The United States has been a pioneer market for imported Chinese knitted silk products, initially mainly thermal underwear, and now also elegant casuals in the form of T-shirts, polo neck sweaters, etc. Easy care is a \"must\" in the United States, so it is important to develop fabrics with easy-care properties to compete with other fibres. [PAR] Germany [PAR] Europe's largest silk market, quality-conscious, receptive [PAR] to \"green\" marketing [PAR] Germany is by far the largest European market for textiles and clothing, including silk. The German"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] S-46/VS-300/VS -300A Helicopter - Sikorsky Archives Untitled Document [PAR] VS-300A NX 28996 in Forward flight with Igor Sikorsky at the controls [PAR] Background [PAR] [PAR] Igor Sikorsky dreamed of building a helicopter from his youth. In 1931, he applied for a patent for a single main rotor helicopter which included nearly every feature that would be incorporated in the VS-300. By 1938, technology had caught up with his dream. When he was summoned to United Aircraft Headquarters in Hartford, Connecticut to be told that the Sikorsky Division which at that time was building fixed-wing aircraft was being shut down due to a lack of business, he requested that he be allowed to keep his design team together to design a helicopter. His request was granted along with an initial $30,000 budget. The VS-300 was America\u2019s first practical helicopter. It was also the first successful helicopter in the world with a single main rotor and a torque compensating tail rotor [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Sketch of a single main rotor helicopter submitted for a Patent in1931which was granted in 1935. [PAR] [PAR] Some preliminary helicopter design work had already been done by Igor Sikorsky, who was the Engineering Manager, and his associates \u201coff the clock\u201d and they were ready to start work. The basic VS-300 helicopter looked very similar to the 1930 design. [PAR] The VS-300 was designed in the spring of 1939 and built that summer. [PAR] [PAR] VS-300 under construction September 8, 1939 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The first flight version of the VS-300 included a 28 foot diameter main rotor and a 75 hp Lycoming engine. A 40\u201d single blade tail rotor and rigid 4 wheel landing gear with a full swiveling nose and tail wheels were installed. The VS-300 featured full cyclic main rotor control (pitch and roll) and a single pedal tail rotor control (yaw). Vertical control was provided by a large wheel to the right of the pilot. The first flight on September 14, 1939 by Igor Sikorsky lasted approximately 10 seconds to a height of a few inches. The helicopter was tethered to a heavy plate by four cables which allowed the helicopter to move in all directions by dragging the plate. A ground crew was always present to stabilize the helicopter if the pilot lost control to prevent a roll over. No helicopter flight training was available, so Igor Sikorsky got \u201cOn the Job\u201d training learning with each additional flight. The design team was not familiar with the fact that a spinning rotor had gyroscopic properties (precession) which required an input 90 degrees in rotation before it became effective. The VS-300 therefore rolled left when the cyclic stick was pushed forward. The initial pilots, Igor Sikorsky and Serge Gluhareff, had no idea whether the control problems were caused by the helicopter design or pilot technique. [PAR] [PAR] The VS-300 in a stable hover on November 24, 1939 [PAR] [PAR] Changes to the helicopter were made after every flying day by the Night Crew. Obvious changes since the first flight in the above photo are outrigger main landing gear with full swiveling wheels, the tail wheel moved aft, and dampers have been added to the flapping hinge on the main rotor [PAR] Flight of the VS-300 continued with each flight a little longer than the last as the pilots adjusted to this unruly machine until December 9, 1939 when a gust of wind tipped over the VS-300 grinding the rotors into the ground and causing major damage to the VS-300. This ended the career of the First Configuration. [PAR] [PAR] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ux8dBNX-rGM [PAR] [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goebbels - MISS DUERDIN Goebbels - MISS DUERDIN [PAR] MISS DUERDIN [PAR] Goerring [PAR] Joseph Goebbels [PAR] Joseph Goebbels was born in 1897 and died in 1945. Goebbels was Hitler\u2019s Minister of Propaganda and one of the most important and influential people in Nazi Germany . [PAR] Goebbels was born in the Rhineland and he attended Heidelberg University where he was became a Doctor of Philosophy in 1920. He had not served in the German Army during the First World War as he was disabled by a clubbed foot which meant he found it difficult to walk (Hitler ordered him to disguise this). This feeling of inferiority (Goebbels was self-conscious about his lack of height as well), his rejection by the German Army and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles lead to Goebbels becoming a very bitter man in the early 1920\u2019s. He joined the Nazi Party towards the end of 1924 to keep his parents happy. [PAR] Goebbels was given the task of building up Nazi support in Berlin. He did this between 1926 and 1930. In 1928, he was elected to the Reichstag (the German Parliament, so he was a bit like an MP) \u2013 something that he repeated in 1930. [PAR] To start with Goebbels didn't like Hitler. It was only after 1926 that he changed his mind. After this he was dedicated and their relationship was a close one - this allowed Goebbels to influence others more. In 1929, he had been given overall charge of the party\u2019s propaganda machine. It was here that Goebbels excelled. In 1933, after Hitler was appointed Chancellor, Goebbels was appointed Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda. He held this post until 1945. [PAR] His sharp tongue made him enemies within the Nazi Party where some called him the \u201cPoison Dwarf\u201d. However, except for issues involving his marriage, he had Hitler\u2019s support. Goebbels was a womaniser and his wife wanted to divorce him after one affair too many. Hitler refused to give his permission for a divorce as he had spent much time telling the German people about he importance of family values. Instead Goebbels was told by Hitler to change his ways. [PAR] Goebbels knew the power of controlling what people thought. He used lots of brand new (at the time) techniques for his propaganda, such as colour film \u2013 rarely used by politicians elsewhere as it was considered too unreliable. Films such as \u201cThe Eternal Jew\u201d (a black and white film) hammered home the anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) message of the party. Another film; \u201cTriumph of the Will\u201d portrayed the might of Hitler and Germany. He was vital in Hitler becoming Chancellor in 1933 as his propaganda convinced the German people that the Hitler and the Nazis could save them from the Depression. He also blamed the Jews again at this point, so it was quite early on that we can see the origins of the Holocaust. His policies and propaganda were so appealing at this stage that the Nazis didn't have to use much terror. Their policies were just too appealing to desperate people (however opposition did still exist.) [PAR] It also wasn't just films that Goebbels used for propaganda, he also used; newspapers, radio, public holidays, rallies, books, theatre, music and The Olympics. He would use these all the way through to the end of the Second World War, along with censorship. [PAR] During the War , it was easy for Goebbels to persuade the public that things were going well when the war was going Germany\u2019s way. However, this became a lot more difficult after the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II is gran again - CNN.com Queen Elizabeth II is gran again - CNN.com [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II is gran again [PAR] Story Highlights [PAR] Prince Edward, the Queen Elizabeth II's youngest son, becomes father again [PAR] Child, Queen Elizabeth II's eighth grandchild, is eighth in line to the throne [PAR] Prince and wife have a daughter, Lady Louise Windsor, who was born in 2003 [PAR] Next Article in World \u00bb [PAR] LONDON, England (CNN) -- The wife of Prince Edward, the Queen Elizabeth II's youngest son, gave birth to a baby boy Monday, Buckingham Palace confirmed in a statement. [PAR] The boy was delivered by caesarean section at Frimley Park Hospital in Surrey and weighed 6 pounds 2 ounces, the statement said. Prince Edward was with his wife -- the Countess of Wessex -- at the birth, it added. [PAR] The baby boy, who has not yet been named, will be the Queen's eighth grandchild and is eighth in line to the throne. [PAR] Edward, 43, and his wife Sophie, 42, already have a daughter, three-year-old Lady Louise Windsor, who was born four weeks premature in 2003. [PAR] Sophie had suffered a life-threatening ectopic pregnancy in 2001 before becoming pregnant with Lady Louise. [PAR] The couple married in June 1999 after they met at a tennis event six years earlier. E-mail to a friend"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Predictions of the end of the world by Jehovah's Witnesses ... Predictions of the end of the world by Jehovah's Witnesses after 1975 [PAR] Sponsored link: [PAR] Will TEOTWAWKI happen in our near future? [PAR] The WTS had taught that the generation that saw the events of 1914 would experience TEOTWAWKI (The end of the world as we know it). But the people who were born in 1914 or earlier are now in their mid-90s or older. They are rapidly dying out. [PAR] In 1996-APR, the WTS changed their criteria for TEOTWAWKI. \"They now say that the generation that saw the events of 1914 is actually any generation that understands what happened\" at that time. 5 This allows an indefinite delay in the arrival of Armageddon -- for millennia if necessary. [PAR] The latest estimate is 6,000 years after the creation of Eve, for which no date can be determined with any accuracy. The Jehovah's Witnesses are no longer setting absolute dates, but still expect that TEOTWAWKI may happen at any time in our immediate future. [PAR] In their 1995-NOV issue of the Watchtower, the WTS suggested that earlier dates for Armageddon were speculation rather than settled doctrine. In 1995-DEC, Newsweek quoted Witnesses spokesperson Bob Pevy as saying: \"The end is still close. We just can't put numbers on Jesus' words.\" 6 [PAR] The \"yeartext\" for 2004, published in the WTS Yearbook is: \"Keep on the Watch... Prove Yourselves Ready.\" It is a quotation taken from Matthew 24:42-44. This yeartext is accompanied with the following remarks: [PAR] \"Consistently, God's Word reminds us that Jehovah's day will arrive with shocking suddenness. Hence, our yeartext for 2004 reflects Jesus' deep love for his disciples, whom he wants to preserve through 'the great tribulation.' (Rev. 7:14 ) How do we remain spiritually watchful and ready? By allowing nothing to distract us from our study of God's Word and from our privileges of sacred service.\" 7 [PAR] The WatchTowerInformationService.org comments: [PAR] \"Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the only chance for [personal] salvation is to actively preach the end of this world and the Kingdom of God . If they are not busy with their 'sacred service' when the 'day of Jehovah' will arrive with 'shocking suddenness' they believe that they will die with the wicked ones.\" [PAR] That is, they will be exterminated, along with all non-Christians, and with the vast majority of Christians who are not members in good standing of the WTS. 7 [PAR] Criticism of the WTS estimates: [PAR] The WTS has been criticized by some conservative Christians for having attempting to predict a precise date for Armageddon, in an apparent violation of Matthew 24:35-36: [PAR] \"Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away. But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only.\" (KJV) [PAR] However, the criticism does not appear to be valid, as the WTS' estimates have never involved the day and hour of the end -- only the year had been specified. [PAR] References: [PAR] The following information sources were used to prepare and update the above essay. The hyperlinks are not necessarily still active today. [PAR] \"History of the Jehovah's Witnesses,\" Catholic Answers, at: http://www.catholic.com/ [PAR] \"The Watchtower,\" 1976-JUL, Page 436.[DOC] [TLE] Jehovah's Witnesses and their many false prophecies | CARM Jehovah's Witnesses and their many false prophecies | CARM Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry [PAR] Jehovah's Witnesses and their many false prophecies [PAR] by Matt Slick [PAR] 12/05/08 [PAR] The Witnesses make many claims in their attempt to convert you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 'Titanic' Discovery: A Brief History - TIME The 'Titanic' Discovery: A Brief History - TIME [PAR] The Titanic Discovery [PAR] Send to Kindle [PAR] Ralph White / CORBIS [PAR] On Sept. 1, 1985, underwater explorer Robert Ballard located the world's most famous shipwreck. The Titanic lay largely intact at a depth of 12,000 ft. off the coast of St. John's, Newfoundland [PAR] Follow @TIME [PAR] Almost 25 years to the day after the R.M.S. Titanic was discovered two and a half miles below the surface of the Atlantic, an expedition to the ocean floor has transmitted brand new images of history's most famous shipwreck. Legendary before it was found, the Titanic became even more so after the world caught its first glance of the ghostly ship, which met its end in April 1912. After years of speculation and educated guesses that had turned up nothing but empty ocean, researchers located the deteriorating bow and debris field on Sept. 1, 1985. [PAR] Explorer Robert Ballard, an oceanographer and former Navy captain, had long wanted to find the wreck, first attempting the feat in 1977 to no avail. But it wasn't until 1985 that he would find a way to finance his research. Ballard approached the U.S. Navy for funding, which he secured on the condition of locating two sunken Navy submarines \u0097 the U.S.S. Thresher and U.S.S. Scorpion, both Cold War\u0096era nuclear submarines \u0097 lost some years before. He was required to first find the submarines on the seafloor and photograph them (a secret mission that Ballard didn't reveal until 2008) before using the underwater robots to search for the Titanic. In the early hours of Sept. 1, Ballard, in conjunction with a French expedition, tracked a debris trail to the wreckage. Video and photographs were taken and later broadcast to the world. [PAR] (Read an interview with two Titanic wreck divers.) [PAR] A year after the remains of the Titanic were discovered, more oceanographers went to explore the sections of bow and stern and the extensive debris field that lay between the two. In 1993, the company RMS Titanic Inc. (formed by Premier Exhibitions, which designs museum exhibitions and maintains artifacts) was named salvor-in-possession of the wreck, gaining the rights to collect found artifacts and launch expeditions to the ship. They did so seven times between 1986 and 2004, collecting over 5,500 artifacts ranging from china dishes to leather trunks filled with preserved bank notes. A section of the debris field even became known as \"hell's kitchen\" for the overwhelming amount of cooking utensils found there. Through photographs taken on subsequent trips, the company was able to reconstruct images of the grand staircase, later made famous (as were all things Titanic) by James Cameron's blockbuster film. [PAR] The largest discovery was that of a 17-ton section of the hull. An attempt to raise it in 1996 failed when the hull was accidentally dropped back onto the muddy bottom. Two years later, the section was successfully taken to the surface and is now part of traveling exhibits across the country. The piece was temporarily displayed alongside a 16-ft. frozen aluminum block meant to represent an iceberg. Although observers couldn't touch the rusted metal, they were encouraged to hold onto the ice until they could no longer stand it, though \"the people in the water that night didn't have that choice,\" John Zaller of Premier Exhibitions told the San Francisco Chronicle. [PAR] Many argue that collecting items from the wreckage violates a sacred resting ground and that all the disturbances are causing the ship to deteriorate faster than it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MWWGHP: Spice Girls Characters - A Troop Of Echoes MWWGHP: Spice Girls Characters [PAR] Real Name: Geraldine Estelle Halliwell [PAR] Born: 1972, Height: 5'2\", Weight: 100 lbs. [PAR] Strength: 10, Dexterity: 9, Looks: 16, Macho: 14, Health: 10 [PAR] Class: Macho Woman [PAR] Skills: [PAR] Beat Things with Whip, Cavort About, Gambling +1, Interrogate, Know Weak Spot +1, Seduce Creature +2, Shoot Little Guns, Shoot Big Guns +1, Submission Hold, Swearing, Tie Things Down [PAR] Advantages: [PAR] Look Good in Armor 1 [PAR] Disadvantages: [PAR] Embarrassing Habit - exposes self in public, Hyperactive Hormones, Status-conscious, Topheavy [PAR] MEL B, Scary Spice [PAR] Real Name: Melanie Janine Brown [PAR] Born: 1975, Height: 5'5\", Weight: 112 lbs. [PAR] Strength: 10, Dexterity: 12, Looks: 12, Macho: 16, Health: 10 [PAR] Class: Barbarian Princess [PAR] Skills: [PAR] Cavort About +1, Hit Things Twice +1, Hit Things with Other Things, Interrogate, Know Weak Spot, Recruit Follower, Seduce Creature, Throw Things +1 [PAR] Advantages: [PAR] Built-in Weapon - poisoned tongue stud for lethal kisses, Deflect Bullets - with microphone, Hard Drinking, Look Good in Armor 2, Pet (Cat Str 8, Dex 12, Lks 8, Mac 10, Hlt 12) [PAR] Disadvantages: [PAR] Chafing, Embarrassing Habit - kisses people to show-off her pierced tongue, Hardwired, Sadistic, Status-conscious [PAR] EMMA, Baby Spice [PAR] Real Name: Emma Lee Bunton [PAR] Born: 1976, Height: 5'2\", Weight: 98 lbs. [PAR] Strength: 10, Dexterity: 14, Looks: 16, Macho: 10, Health: 8 [PAR] Class: BWB [PAR] Skills: [PAR] Cavort About +1, Grab Stuff, Hit Things, Pretend and Lie +1, Seduce Creature +2, Shoot Little Guns [PAR] Advantages: [PAR] Bat Wings, Fast Draw, Look Good in Armor 2 [PAR] Disadvantages: [PAR] Bimbo, Embarrassing Habit - prefers baby doll dresses and other non-Macho clothes, Hyperactive Hormones [PAR] MEL C, Sporty Spice [PAR] Real Name: Melanie Jayne Chisholm [PAR] Born: 1974, Height: 5'6\", Weight: 115 lbs. [PAR] Strength: 13, Dexterity: 14, Looks: 10, Macho: 10, Health: 12 [PAR] Class: Cyber-Clone [PAR] Skills: [PAR] Cavort About +2, Climb Things, Grab Stuff +1, Hit Things Really Hard +1, Shoot Little Guns +1, Sneak Around +1, Take It On the Chin [PAR] Advantages: [PAR] Endless Ammo, Infrared Vision, Play Dead [PAR] Disadvantages: [PAR] Chafing, Embarrassing Habit - always wears a track suit over anything else [PAR] VICTORIA, Posh Spice [PAR] Born: 1975, Height: 5'6\", Weight: 115 lbs. [PAR] Strength: 10, Dexterity: 14, Looks: 14, Macho: 12, Health: 10 [PAR] Class: Macho Woman [PAR] Skills: [PAR] Beat Things with Whip, Cavort About +1, Grab Stuff, Seduce Creature +1, Shoot Big Guns, Shoot Little Guns, Shoot Two Guns +1 [PAR] Advantages: [PAR] Endless Ammo, Fast Draw, Supercool [PAR] Disadvantages:[DOC] [TLE] Victoria Beckham - Biography - IMDb Victoria Beckham - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Victoria Beckham [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 73 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (55) | Personal Quotes (8) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 4\u00bc\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Victoria Beckham was born Victoria Caroline Adams on 17 April 1974 in Harlow, Essex, England, to Jacqueline Doreen (Cannon), an insurance clerk and hairdresser, and Anthony William Adams, an electronics engineer. She does not like being called Vicky. Instead, call her Posh, which stands for the best of everything (an old luxury liner term, P.O.S.H. stood for \"Port Out, Starboard Home\"-- the best rooms). Growing up, she didn't like being driven to school in her father's Rolls Royce (they were very wealthy; later, as Posh, she would have an image of someone who revels in wealth). Victoria began as a dancer before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Algeria - U.S. Department of State Algeria [PAR] Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs [PAR] February 2013 [PAR] Report [PAR] Openness to Foreign Investment [PAR] Algeria, with its population of more than 37 million, hydrocarbon wealth, expanding infrastructure needs, and growing consumer product demand, is attracting interest from companies around the world. U.S. firms continue to consider Algeria an emerging and growing market. The climate for international firms considering direct investments in Algeria has stabilized in the wake of a series of restrictive foreign investment rules enacted in 2009 and 2010, which imposed a requirement of at least 51 percent Algerian ownership of foreign investments. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Algeria waned as a result of those measures. Investors highlight regulatory uncertainty, tight foreign exchange controls, lax intellectual property rights (IPR) protections, customs delays, and a large informal sector among ongoing commercial challenges. However, the Government of Algeria (GOA) has invested more than USD 286 billion in infrastructure development, making the local market sufficiently profitable for firms adapted to emerging markets to weather those challenges and explore new opportunities, especially in sectors like energy, power, water, health, telecommunications, transportation, and agribusiness. [PAR] The number of foreign trade missions to Algeria reportedly grew from 30 in 2010 to 60 in 2012, illustrating the increased focus and competition in the local market. In 2012, Algeria concluded commercial agreements with several Arab and European nations. U.S. firms, such as Northrop Grumman and General Electric won multi-million dollar tenders. President Abdelaziz Bouteflika appointed former Minister of Water Resources, Abdelmalek Sellal, as the new Prime Minister. Sellal is trusted by the political elite and viewed as a pragmatic politician who seeks new economic partnerships to tackle long-standing issues, such as housing shortages and unemployment. Algerian leadership remains focused on building domestic production capacity and reducing imports and seeks U.S. expertise and partnership. Minister of Commerce Mustapha Benbada visited the United States in December 2012 for discussions with the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative related to Algeria\u2019s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession and cooperation under the U.S.-Algeria Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA). [PAR] The signs of change are positive and Algeria\u2019s macroeconomic outlook is stable, but vulnerabilities and challenges persist, including dependence on hydrocarbon revenue and risks posed by rising inflation. The public sector still dominates the economy and inefficient state-owned enterprises are a drag on productivity. The GOA has supported state-owned companies experiencing financial difficulties by cancelling their debts and providing investment credits and technical assistance. Such economic vulnerabilities have prodded the GOA to court FDI and reconsider the importance of private-sector development. This trend should continue through 2013. The longer-term political environment is somewhat clouded by expected presidential elections in 2014, as well as Algeria\u2019s legalistic and bureaucratic regulatory environment and apprehension about foreign exploitation of natural resources. [PAR] Third Party Indicators: [PAR] 2012 [PAR] 152 (out of 185) [PAR] Algeria wants foreign investment but has imposed protectionist policies requiring majority local ownership. In 2009, the government adopted a Complementary Finance Law (CFL) which imposed restrictions on imports and foreign investment. These measures require 51 percent Algerian ownership of new foreign investment, 30 percent Algerian ownership of foreign import companies, and the use of letters of credit for the payment of import bills. The 2010 CFL requires foreign bidders who win construction contracts to invest in a joint venture with a local partner. Another measure in the 2010 CFL gave the government the right of first refusal on sales of companies to foreigners and aimed at controlling the sale of assets to foreigners. The government has maintained its prerogative to"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astrology: Michael Caine, date of birth: 1933/03/14 ... Astrology: Michael Caine, date of birth: 1933/03/14, Horoscope, Astrological Portrait, Dominant Planets, Birth Data, Biography [PAR] 1st Fire sign - 1st Cardinal sign (spring equinox) - Masculine [PAR] In analogy with Mars, his ruler, and the 1st House [PAR] Aries governs the head. [PAR] His colour is red, his stone is the heliotrope, his day is Tuesday, and his professions are businessman, policeman, sportsman, surgeon... [PAR] If your sign is Aries or your Ascendant is Aries: you are courageous, frank, enthusiastic, dynamic, fast, bold, expansive, warm, impulsive, adventurous, intrepid, warlike, competitive, but also naive, domineering, self-centred, impatient, rash, thoughtless, blundering, childish, quick-tempered, daring or primitive. [PAR] Some traditional associations with Aries: Countries: England, France, Germany, Denmark. Cities: Marseille, Florence, Naples, Birmingham, Wroclaw, Leicester, Capua, Verona. Animals: Rams and sheeps. Food: Leeks, hops, onions, shallots, spices. Herbs and aromatics: mustard, capers, Cayenne pepper, chilli peppers. Flowers and plants: thistles, mint, bryonies, honeysuckles. Trees: hawthorns, thorny trees and bushes. Stones, Metals and Salts: diamonds, iron, potassium phosphate. [PAR] Signs: Taurus [PAR] 1st Earth sign - 1st Fixed sign - Feminine [PAR] In analogy with Venus, his ruler, and the 2nd House [PAR] Taurus governs the neck and the throat. [PAR] Her colour is green or brown, her stone is the emerald, her day is Friday, her professions are cook, artist, estate agent, banker, singer... [PAR] If your sign is Taurus or your Ascendant is Taurus: you are faithful, constant, sturdy, patient, tough, persevering, strong, focused, sensual, stable, concrete, realistic, steady, loyal, robust, constructive, tenacious. You need security, but you are also stubborn, rigid, possessive, spiteful, materialistic, fixed or slow. [PAR] Some traditional associations with Taurus: Countries: Switzerland, Greek islands, Ireland, Cyprus, Iran. Cities: Dublin, Palermo, Parma, Luzern, Mantua, Leipzig, Saint Louis, Ischia, Capri. Animals: bovines. Food: apples, pears, berries, corn and other cereals, grapes, artichokes, asparagus, beans. Herbs and aromatics: sorrels, spearmint, cloves. Flowers and plants: poppies, roses, digitales, violets, primroses, aquilegia, daisies. Trees: apple trees, pear trees, fig-trees, cypresses, ash trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: copper, calcium and potassium sulphate, emeralds. [PAR] Signs: Gemini [PAR] 1st Air sign - 1st Mutable sign - Masculine [PAR] In analogy with Mercury, his ruler, and the 3rd House [PAR] Gemini governs the arms, the lungs and the thorax. [PAR] His colour is green or silver, his stone is the crystal, his day is Wednesday, his professions are journalist, lawyer, presenter, dancer, salesman, travel agent, teacher... [PAR] If your sign is Gemini or if your Ascendant is Gemini: you are expressive, lively, adaptable, quick-witted, humorous, sparkling, playful, sociable, clever, curious, whimsical, independent, polyvalent, brainy, flexible, ingenious, imaginative, charming, fanciful but also capricious, scattered, moody, shallow, inquisitive, opportunistic, unconcerned, selfish, fragile, ironical or changeable. [PAR] Some traditional associations with Gemini: Countries: Belgium, Wales, United-States, Lower Egypt, Sardinia, Armenia. Cities: London, Plymouth, Cardiff, Melbourne, San Francisco, Nuremberg, Bruges, Versailles. Animals: monkeys, butterflies, parrots, budgerigars. Food: dried fruits, chestnuts, ground-level vegetables: peas, broad beans, etc. Herbs and aromatics: aniseed, marjoram, lemon balm, cumin. Flowers and plants: lilies of the valley, lavenders, myrtle, ferns, Venus-hair-ferns, bittersweets. Trees: nut trees such as chestnut trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: agates, mercury, silicas and potashes. [PAR] Signs: Cancer [PAR] 1st Water sign - 2nd Cardinal sign (summer solstice) - Feminine [PAR] In analogy with the Moon, her ruler, and the 4th House [PAR] Cancer governs the stomach and the breast. [PAR] Her colour is white or black, her stone is the moonstone, her day is Monday, her professions are catering, the hotel trade, property, antique dealer, archaeologist... [PAR] If your sign is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jules' Book Reviews: Book Review: Evening Class Jules' Book Reviews: Book Review: Evening Class [PAR] Jules' Book Reviews [PAR] Come in, sit back with a coffee or hot chocolate, and read reviews of the books I've read. [PAR] Pages [PAR] Author: Maeve Binchy [PAR] Pages: 520 [PAR] Summary: Aiden Dunne needs his new evening class project to succeed almost as much as his pupils do. They too are lookng for something more: Bill to find a way to keep spendthrigt Lizzie at his side and Fran to make sure that young Kathy finds her way out from behind the kitchen sink. [PAR] The key to their success lies with the Sinora. Her passion has drawn her from Ireland to Italy and backhome again with a burning desire to share her love of all things Itlaian - and a secret hidden in her heart. . . . [PAR] My Rating: 8/10 [PAR] What I liked/disliked about the book: Although it had a bit of a slow start, this book turned out to be a wonderful read. I can\u2019t believe I\u2019ve let the author\u2019s books sit on my shelf for as long as I have. She is a fantastic writer, who spends time to really create concrete characters, in a wide range of ages and backgrounds, who you really learn to appreciate and watch develop throughout the books, mixed with great writing, and story, turned out to be a wonderful read for me. [PAR] Once the book got moving, I found my self really enjoying the book and its characters. Although some characters bothered me, like Aiden\u2019s family, what a miserable lot, some characters intrigued me, and I really found myself, caring about them. One of my favourite aspects of the books were how it was written, each section focused on a different character, and while that section\u2019s character was the main focus, it still gave you information and pulled in other characters stories as well. They way the author balanced this was extremely well done - I was surprised how well it all came together, as it is broken down in multiple short stories, but it\u2019s one continuous story as well. [PAR] I also enjoyed the story as a whole, I loved how the class brought all of these people together, who wouldn\u2019t normally come together as a group, and in some way helped them develop as people, help them stretch out to others, and enjoy a fun class. It sends a powerful message, of working towards your goals, helping your selves and helping others, but it doesn\u2019t go overboard in that message, it\u2019s just written it a lovely book. I loved the ending, although there was one part in near the ending that was a little, out of left field, I think the book could have been without, it was the only real part that didn\u2019t flow well with the rest of the story. The only other complaint was the slow start. Starting with Aiden, and his miserable family, almost made me give up. His wife really is a miserable, miserable person, and having a book start out on that made for a slow start. But, other than that, a fantastic read. [PAR] Would I recommend it to read: I would recommend it to read. It has a bit of a slow start, but it was a good book. An interesting and eclectic cast of characters, and a very strong message of coming together and helping the others grow, and great storytelling. I'd also recommend any of the authors books. [PAR] What to read next: Sushi for Beginners,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our History | Fiji Airways Our History | Fiji Airways [PAR] Procurement [PAR] Our History - Six Decades of Flying to Fiji [PAR] On 1st September 1951, a 7-seater De Havilland Dragon Rapide took off from the Fiji\u2019s Nausori Airport to Drasa Airport near Lautoka, on the west coast of the main island. This first commercial flight saw the birth of what today is a truly international, Fijian airline. Together with its domestic/regional subsidiary of Pacific Sun, Fiji Airways flies over 400 flights a week to almost 15 cities in 10 countries around the world. [PAR] Taking on various challenges that no airline in the global airline industry is immune from, Fiji Airways has passed various tests with flying colours, more than ably fulfilling its dual roles of flying Fiji and contributing significantly to its economy. [PAR] Harold George Gatty [PAR] Harold George Gatty was born to British parents in Campelltown in Tasmania on 5 January 1903 and came to settle in Fiji after World War II. He was no stranger to the island nation, as he was based in Auckland before the war as Australasia\u2019s representative of Pan American World Airways. He joined the US Army Air Force during the war, serving first in Java before relocating to Brisbane at General Douglas McArthur\u2019s headquarters and New Guinea after that. He returned to his Pan American job in Auckland at the end of the war and moved to settle in Fiji a few years later. Here he bought an island in Fiji\u2019s eastern island group called Katafaga and turned it into a coconut estate. Before his Pan American job, Gatty had made his name in air navigation in the United States. Using his good sea navigation skills acquired as a cadet midshipman trainee at the Australian Naval College, Gatty invented a navigation system for pilots. [PAR] In conjunction with the so called \u2018Weems Curves\u2019,Gatty devised his revolutionary ground speed and drift indicator. This allowed for navigation by dead reckoning and did away with the need to take shots from the sun or stars, and it was the forerunner of the automatic pilot, now standard equipment on virtually all commercial and military aircraft. [PAR] Gatty got to use his own invention that shot him to international fame when Canadian pilot Lieutenant Harold Bromley invited him to be his navigator in his attempt to fly across the Pacific from Honshu, Japan, to Tacoma in Washington State, USA in September 1930. Fuel tank problem forced the plane back to Honshu after 1,900km of flying, and it is said that despite heavy fogs, Gatty navigated the plane by dead reckoning back to their starting point. [PAR] Again he followed this up in 1931 when Wiley Post, a native American oil rigger and stuntman flew around the world in eight days. Gatty was his navigator and that feat earned the two aviators a ticker-tape welcome in New York City. As a British citizen, the US Congress awarded him the Distinguished Flying Cross. It was said that despite the accolades, Gatty declined the offer to become an American citizen. His appointment not long thereafter as Pan American World Airways representative based in Auckland brought him to the Pacific, and to Fiji. [PAR] Gatty submitted a proposal to Fiji\u2019s then Colonial Government to operate the country\u2019s domestic airline and registered it as Katafaga Estates. The first commercial flight was one September 1st, 1951. While Gatty died on August 30th1958, his bold and visionary initiative had taken off to greater heights, and today has etched its place in Fiji\u2019s aviation history. [PAR] [PAR] The Past [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Intersections: Allegra Kent, Balanchine's Ballerina : NPR Intersections: Allegra Kent, Balanchine's Ballerina : NPR [PAR] Heard on Morning Edition [PAR] Allegra Kent and partner Conrad Ludlow dance a pas de deux in Symphony in C, choreographed by Balanchine, during a 1965 performance in New York. From \"Dancing for Mr. B,\" directed by Anne Belle/Courtesy John Belle hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] From \"Dancing for Mr. B,\" directed by Anne Belle/Courtesy John Belle [PAR] One of the most important choreographers of the 20th century, George Balanchine, would have been 100 years old this week. Born in Russia, he made his career in the United States, where he died in 1983. He left behind the New York City Ballet, the company he founded, along with hundreds of original ballets inspired by the unique abilities of his dancers. [PAR] In a report for Intersections, a Morning Edition series on artists and their sources of inspiration, Kim Kokich talks with New York City Ballet star Allegra Kent \u2014 one of Balanchine's greatest ballerinas \u2014 about her relationship with \"Mr. B.\" [PAR] Kent was 10 when she first told her mother she wanted to be a ballerina. Soon after, she was taken to the ballet for the first time to see a performance of Night Shadow, a tale of a sleepwalking wife, choreographed by Balanchine. Kent \u2014 now in her 60s \u2014 remembers the event as a life-defining experience: \"After that evening, I did believe that ballet was really what I wanted to pursue, and that ballet was the most exalted form of dance... I still feel that way.\" [PAR] Kent joined the New York City Ballet company in 1952, at age 15. Within a few years, Balanchine began creating ballets inspired by her complexities as a dancer: her otherworldly stage presence, her innocent sensuality, her hyperactivity, her tendency to go outside technique to move in beautiful and strange ways. (In 1958, he even revived Night Shadow, renamed La Sonnambula, for Kent.) [PAR] Watch Kent and Ludlow dance. (RealPlayer Required.) [PAR] Kent's relationship with Balanchine exemplified his technique: Balanchine saw ways to uncover the gifts of his ballerinas that, in turn, revealed his own talents. They inspired him to challenge ballet's conventions, while he pushed them to work harder than they ever had. Balanchine acknowledged this symbiosis in a 1970s' interview with the BBC. [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] Allegra Kent with George Balanchine Courtesy Bert Stern hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Courtesy Bert Stern [PAR] \"I try to push people to a certain level that I like. I have to satisfy myself,\" Balanchine said. \"...I look all the time, and I borrow from them. I mean, I use their bodies. I use what they are.\" [PAR] For Kent, the relationship also proved rewarding. She enjoyed a successful 30-year career with the New York City Ballet, and now helps coach a new generation of dancers for The George Balanchine Trust. [PAR] Web Extra: Extended Interview with Allegra Kent [PAR] Only Available in Archive Formats.[DOC] [TLE] Allegra Kent | Greenwich Ballet Academy Allegra Kent | Greenwich Ballet Academy [PAR] \u201cGBA is the best thing that has ever happened to Greenwich\u201d [PAR] Marianne W. [PAR] \u201cMy daughter thoroughly enjoys attending the GBA summer intensive, she loves the rigor and the progression she makes by attending on a daily basis.\u201d [PAR] Alessandra L.- Parent [PAR] See All Testimonials [PAR] \u201cLast summer my daughter trained for five weeks in the GBA Summer Intensive. Much like the well-known prominent Summer Intensives throughout the country, GBA offered a program designed to accelerate a young dancers training"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Billy, Don't Be a Hero\" - Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods \"Billy, Don't Be a Hero\" - Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods [PAR] \"Billy, Don't Be a Hero\" [PAR] Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods [PAR] ABC 11435 [PAR] Billboard: #1 [PAR] [PAR] illy, Don't Be a Hero\" was a tale about the Civil War, composed by two British songwriters. Mitch Murray had already scored a number one single in America with Freddie and the Dreamers (\"I'm Telling You Now\") as well as hits by Gerry and the Pacemakers (\"How Do You Do It,\" \"I Like It\"). His partner Peter Callander had written for Cliff Richard, Sandie Shaw and Tom Jones, among others. After collaborating for six years, they formed their own British company in 1974, Bus Stop Records. One of the first acts signed to the label was a group from Nottingham, Paper Lace. [PAR] Cincinnati, Ohio septet Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods' May 1974 No. 1 single \"Billy, Don't Be a Hero\" was featured on their eponymous debut LP, [PAR] Bo Donaldson & The Heywoods. [PAR] First charting on July 6, 1974, the album peaked at No. 97 on the [PAR] Billboard [PAR] Hot 200 album chart, spending a total of 16 weeks on the chart. Their chart-topping hit single, along with their follow-up No. 15 hit \"Who Do You Think You Are,\" can be found on the 1970s Rhino Records' compilation [PAR] Super Hits of the '70s: Have a Nice Day, Vol. 13. [PAR] (right). [PAR] Murray and Callander had half-written a song called \"Billy Don't Be a Hero\" when Peter's wife Connie saw Paper Lace win a talent contest on the television series [PAR] The writers/producers were looking for a strong lead singer to record the story-song and contacted the group through the [PAR] Opportunity Knocks [PAR] production office. [PAR] Paper Lace passed the audition, and Murray and Callander finished the song, adapting it for Paper Lace's style. Released in Britain on their own label, the single went to number one on March 16, 1974. [PAR] While the song was climbing the British chart, Murray and Callendar were trying to make a deal for the song in the United States. They had already been disappointed with the reaction from Australia and New Zealand, where representatives of EMI had sent them a letter: \"You've sent us quite a few records. This is the worst one you've sent us.\" [PAR] Negotiations dragged on in America while \"Billy, Don't Be a Hero\" closed in on the top spot in the United Kingdom. By the time Chicago-based Mercury Records bought the master, it was too late. [PAR] Producer Steve Barri had heard the Paper Lace version when it was offered to the label he worked for, ABC Records. Certain the song could be a hit in America, ABC Records chief Jay Lasker decided to cut a cover version. \"We had signed Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods,\" Barri recalls. \"We cut it that very night and had it out two or three days later.\" [PAR] The Heywoods had one previous chart single, \"Special Someone,\" released on Artie Ripp's Family label in late 1972. It made an unimpressive showing at number 64. But the Heywoods, all from Cincinnati, Ohio, had built up a tremendous following from their appearances on Dick Clark's [PAR] Action '73 [PAR] television show. The group got its start after keyboards and trumpet player Bo Donaldson's mother, Bea Donaldson, went to work in Clark's Cincinnati office in August, 1966. Soon the Heywoods were touring on Clark's [PAR] Caravan of Stars, [PAR] as the opening act for groups like"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Discovery of Insulin - Nobel Prize The Discovery of Insulin [PAR] The Discovery of Insulin [PAR] [PAR] Before the discovery of insulin, diabetes was a feared disease that most certainly led to death. Doctors knew that sugar worsened the condition of diabetic patients and that the most effective treatment was to put the patients on very strict diets where sugar intake was kept to a minimum. At best, this treatment could buy patients a few extra years, but it never saved them. In some cases, the harsh diets even caused patients to die of starvation. [PAR] During the nineteenth century, observations of patients who died of diabetes often showed that the pancreas was damaged. In 1869, a German medical student, Paul Langerhans, found that within the pancreatic tissue that produces digestive juices there were clusters of cells whose function was unknown. Some of these cells were eventually shown to be the insulin-producing beta cells. Later, in honor of the person who discovered them, the cell clusters were named the islets of Langerhans. [PAR] In 1889 in Germany, physiologist Oskar Minkowski and physician Joseph von Mering, showed that if the pancreas was removed from a dog, the animal got diabetes. But if the duct through which the pancreatic juices flow to the intestine was ligated - surgically tied off so the juices couldn't reach the intestine - the dog developed minor digestive problems but no diabetes. So it seemed that the pancreas must have at least two functions: [PAR] To produce digestive juices [PAR] To produce a substance that regulates the sugar glucose [PAR] This hypothetical internal secretion was the key. If a substance could actually be isolated, the mystery of diabetes would be solved. Progress, however, was slow. [PAR] [PAR] Banting's Idea [PAR] In October 1920 in Toronto, Canada, Dr. Frederick Banting, an unknown surgeon with a bachelor's degree in medicine, had the idea that the pancreatic digestive juices could be harmful to the secretion of the pancreas produced by the islets of Langerhans. [PAR] He therefore wanted to ligate the pancreatic ducts in order to stop the flow of nourishment to the pancreas. This would cause the pancreas to degenerate, making it shrink and lose its ability to secrete the digestive juices. The cells thought to produce an antidiabetic secretion could then be extracted from the pancreas without being harmed. [PAR] Early in 1921, Banting took his idea to Professor John Macleod at the University of Toronto, who was a leading figure in the study of diabetes in Canada. Macleod didn't think much of Banting's theories. Despite this, Banting managed to convince him that his idea was worth trying. Macleod gave Banting a laboratory with a minimum of equipment and ten dogs. Banting also got an assistant, a medical student by the name of Charles Best. The experiment was set to start in the summer of 1921. [PAR] Banting, right, and Best, left, with one of the diabetic dogs used in experiments with insulin. [PAR] Credits: University of Toronto Archives [PAR] [PAR] The Experiment Begins [PAR] Banting and Best began their experiments by removing the pancreas from a dog. This resulted in the following: [PAR] It's blood sugar rose. [PAR] It became thirsty, drank lots of water, and urinated more often. [PAR] It became weaker and weaker. [PAR] The dog had developed diabetes. [PAR] Experimenting on another dog, Banting and Best surgically ligated the pancreas, stopping the flow of nourishment, so that the pancreas degenerated. [PAR] After a while, they removed the pancreas, sliced it up, and froze the pieces in a mixture of water and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] La Dolce Vita (1960) - IMDb La Dolce Vita (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] La dolce vita (original title) [PAR] Not Rated | [PAR] A series of stories following a week in the life of a philandering paparazzo journalist living in Rome. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 02 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 06 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: La Dolce Vita (1960) [PAR] 8.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 10 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A harried movie director retreats into his memories and fantasies. [PAR] Director: Federico Fellini [PAR] A care-free girl is sold to a traveling entertainer, consequently enduring physical and emotional pain along the way. [PAR] Director: Federico Fellini [PAR] A series of comedic and nostalgic vignettes set in a 1930s Italian coastal town. [PAR] Director: Federico Fellini [PAR] A waifish prostitute wanders the streets of Rome looking for true love but finds only heartbreak. [PAR] Director: Federico Fellini [PAR] A character study of five young men at crucial turning points in their lives in a small town in Italy. [PAR] Director: Federico Fellini [PAR] A small-time thief steals a car and impulsively murders a motorcycle policeman. Wanted by the authorities, he reunites with a hip American journalism student and attempts to persuade her to run away with him to Italy. [PAR] Director: Jean-Luc Godard [PAR] After living a life marked by coldness, an aging professor is forced to confront the emptiness of his existence. [PAR] Director: Ingmar Bergman [PAR] A woman disappears during a Mediterranean boating trip. During the search, her lover and her best friend become attracted to each other. [PAR] Director: Michelangelo Antonioni [PAR] A series of disjointed mythical tales set in first century Rome. [PAR] Director: Federico Fellini [PAR] A day in the life of an unfaithful married couple and their steadily deteriorating relationship. [PAR] Director: Michelangelo Antonioni [PAR] A fluid, unconnected and sometimes chaotic procession of scenes detailing the various people and events of life in Italy's capital. [PAR] Director: Federico Fellini [PAR] A mod London photographer finds something very suspicious in the shots he has taken of a mysterious beauty in a desolate park. [PAR] Director: Michelangelo Antonioni [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Journalist and man-about-town Marcello struggles to find his place in the world, torn between the allure of Rome's elite social scene and the stifling domesticity offered by his girlfriend, all the while searching for a way to become a serious writer. Written by Jeff Lewis [PAR] The Sweet Life See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 19 April 1961 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] La Dolce Vita See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Federico Fellini considered Burt Lancaster for the role of Marcello Rubini. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] During the \"Madonna\" scene at about 1:04, the amount of tape"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LACSA Airlines - San Jose Forum - TripAdvisor LACSA Airlines - San Jose Forum - TripAdvisor [PAR] LACSA Airlines - San Jose Forum [PAR] Review a place you\u2019ve visited [PAR] JOIN [PAR] Which San Jose hotels are on sale? [PAR] mm/dd/yyyy mm/dd/yyyy [PAR] LACSA Airlines [PAR] Aug 23, 2005, 4:30 PM [PAR] I am looking into a trip to San Jose, and have come across some competitive airfares from LACSA airlines. They also appear to offer more non stops from JFK New York than other carriers. [PAR] I am curious if anyone has ever flown with them, and if so what are they like. Is it similiar to flying to France on Air France? or is it more like flying on a \"budget\" carrier like AirTran or ATA? [PAR] Any input would be most appreciated...:-) [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] Travelers interested in this topic also viewed... [PAR] Show Prices [PAR] 1. Re: LACSA Airlines [PAR] Oct 17, 2005, 1:08 AM [PAR] I have travelled on Lacsa and the service was pretty good. To be honest with you, I have flown to CR on American Airlines and I would rather travel with Lacsa. [PAR] I will go next month to CR and I already bought tickets from Lacsa, [PAR] Enjoy your trip, Costa Rica is worth visiting, [PAR] The traveller, from Miami [PAR] 2. Re: LACSA Airlines [PAR] Oct 17, 2005, 7:47 AM [PAR] We have always had good luck with LACSA (or TACA, as it is also known). They have always been on time and the service is about what any airline gives. Recently they started selling meals on their flights so if you want anything to eat other than snacks and drinks bring a couple of five dollar bills (that was the price and you have to pay when you order). They do not have \"wide body\" aircraft, however, so the seats are pretty cramped. Try to get a row at an emergency exit, where there is a lot more leg room. [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] 3. Re: LACSA Airlines [PAR] Oct 17, 2005, 4:00 PM [PAR] TACA (Central American Air Transportation) is an airline founded in the 1930s as a cargo company. In the 1990s TACA became Grupo TACA incorporating the airlines of Costa Rica (LACSA), Guatamala (AVIATECA) and Nicaragua (NICA) into the corporation. [PAR] They fly Airbus A-320 and A-319 aircraft and claim to have the \"newest fleet\" in the Americas. [PAR] They currently have an alliance with American Airlines but I heard a rumor that they were switching to the Star Alliance with United. I haven't seen the announcement yet on that one. [PAR] Their website claims 92% ontime arrivals serving 10 major US cities, Toronto , Mexico City and all Central American countries. [PAR] I think your experience will be similar to one with American or United. Just don't plan on getting any free food on any airline these days. Buy food in the airport and carry it on. [PAR] 3 destinations mentioned in this post [PAR] 10. Re: LACSA Airlines [PAR] Oct 06, 2007, 4:17 PM [PAR] My family (5 adult) are going to CR in Feb 08. We wre trying to find airfare to Liberia but I found this post and we're thinking of going to SJO instead. From LAx I found a rate of $360 each RT. [PAR] Did you find your fare on the TACA website or another website such as Expedia? Would you suggest booking your car rental with Expedia or going directly to the car rental agency. [PAR] I was thinking if we book with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) - IMDb 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) [PAR] G | [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 24 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 06 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 02 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 28 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) [PAR] 8.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 13 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] An insane general triggers a path to nuclear holocaust that a war room full of politicians and generals frantically try to stop. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X [PAR] After a space merchant vessel perceives an unknown transmission as distress call, their landing on the source moon finds one of the crew attacked by a mysterious lifeform. Continuing their journey back to Earth with the attacked crew having recovered and the critter deceased, they soon realize that its life cycle has merely begun. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] Marty McFly, a 17-year-old high school student, is accidentally sent 30 years into the past in a time-traveling DeLorean invented by his close friend, the maverick scientist Doc Brown. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volcanoes of the Volcano Islands, Japan - information ... Volcanoes of the Volcano Islands, Japan - information / VolcanoDiscovery [PAR] Daikoku [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Daikoku is a sumbarine volcano with a conical summit in the Japanese Volcano Islands chain. It sits on an elongated E-W-trending ridge SE of Eifuku submarine volcano and rises to within 323 m of the sea surface. It has a crater with a black pool of liquid sulfur discovered in 200... [ more ] [PAR] Fukujin [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Fukujin volcano is one of the largest seamounts of the Marianas arc in Japan's Volcano Island chain. It sometimes has risen to above surface during eruptions creating temporary new islands. Water discoloration and floating pumice above the submarine volcano have been observed fre... [ more ] [PAR] Fukutoku-Okanoba [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Fukutoku-Okanoba is a submarine volcano 5 km NE of the small pyramidal island Minami-iwo-jima in the Japanese Volcano Island chain. Eruptions and submarine hydrothermal activity often cause water discoloration in the area, and during eruptions, the volcano has built several tempo... [ more ] [PAR] Iwo-jima [PAR] (caldera) [PAR] Ioto (\u786b\u9ec4\u5cf6, also known as Iwo-jima) volcano is a triangular-shaped, flat, 8 km long and up to 4.5 wide volcanic island stretching NE-SW. It is surrounded by steep cliffs under the sea, which belong to a 9-km-wide submarine caldera. The volcano is located 1250 km south of Tokyo in ... [ more ] [PAR] Kaikata [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Kaikata Seamount is a basaltic-to-dacitic submarine volcano north of Kaitoku Seamount in the Japanese Volcano Islands. Kaitaka mountain rises 2350 m from the sea floor to within 162 m of the sea surface. It has 2 major summit peaks oriented NE-SW, with the SW peak being the highe... [ more ] [PAR] Kaitoku [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Kaitoku volcano (Kaitoku Kaizan) is a massive active seamount composed of 3 overlapping submarine volcanoes in the Japanese Volcano Islands chain, 130 km NW of Iwo-jima Island. [PAR] Its 3 peaks are 13-18 km apart and reach depths of 103 m (SW peak, also known as Nishi-Kaitokub... [ more ] [PAR] Kasuga [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Kasuga volcano is a conical submarine volcano rising 3000 m from the ocean floor to a depth of 598 m, located SE of Fukujin submarine volcano in the Volcano Islands of Japan 1550 km SSE of Tokyo. It is the northernmost of 3 seamounts forming the Kasuga seamounts complex. The Kas... [ more ] [PAR] Kita-Fukutokutai [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Kita-Fukutokutai is a newly recognized active submarine volcano halfway between Iwo-jima and Minami-Iwo-jima islands, ca. 1300 km south of Tokyo. [ more ] [PAR] Kita-Iwo-jima [PAR] (stratovolcano) [PAR] Kita-Iwo-jima (\u5317\u786b\u9ec4\u5cf6 officially Kita-i\u014dt\u014d, also frequently Kita-i\u014djima, meaning \"north sulfur island\") is a steep-sided basaltic stratovolcano and forms a small island. It is the northernmost of the Kazan Retto (Volcano Islands) chain, in the center of the Izu-Maranas volcanic arc... [ more ] [PAR] Minami Kasuga [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Minami Kasuga (South Kasuga, or Kasuga 2) is the central of 3 NNE-SSW trending volcanoes forming the Kasuga seamount chain, which trends SSE from the volcanic front of the Izu-Marianas arc. [PAR] The volcano rises from about 3000 m depth to within 170 m of the sea surface and is... [ more ] [PAR] Minami-Hiyoshi [PAR] (submarine volcano) [PAR] Minami-Hiyoshi is a submarine volcano in Japan's chain of Volcano Islands, 1300 km south of Tokyo. Periodic water discolouration and water-spouting have been observed from the volcano since 1975, when detonations and an explosion were reported as well. [ more ] [PAR] Nikko"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ezzard Charles on Pinterest | Heavyweight Boxing, Boxing ... 1000+ images about Ezzard Charles on Pinterest | Jersey, Days in and James toney [PAR] Learn more at Uploaded by user [PAR] This Day in Boxing History - December 12, 1951 - Charles KOs Oma at the Garden. Heavyweight Champion Ezzard Charles stops Lee Oma at Madison Square Garden. Referee Ruby Goldstein calls a halt to the action in the 10th round. facebook - boxing hall of fame las vegas www.boxinghalloffame.com http://youtu.be/sUIp7HUmXco [PAR] More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education Amelia Earhart [PAR] Amelia Earhart [PAR] Amelia Earhart [PAR] Famous Female Aviator [PAR] Studio headshot portrait of American aviator Amelia Earhart, the first woman to complete a solo transatlantic flight, wearing a leather jacket. (circa 1932). (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] By Dani Alexis Ryskamp, Contributing Writer [PAR] Updated November 02, 2015. [PAR] Who Was Amelia Earhart? [PAR] As a pilot, Amelia Earhart set many world flying records. She became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean and the first person to make a solo flight across both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Earhart also set several height and speed records in an airplane. [PAR] Despite all these records, Amelia Earhart is perhaps best remembered for her mysterious disappearance, which has become one of the enduring mysteries of the 20th century. While attempting to become the first woman to fly around the world, she disappeared on July 2, 1937 while heading toward Howland's Island. [PAR] Dates: July 24, 1897 -- July 2, 1937(?) [PAR] Also Known As: Amelia Mary Earhart, Lady Lindy [PAR] Amelia Earhart\u2019s Childhood [PAR] Amelia Mary Earhart was born in her maternal grandparents\u2019 home in Atchison, Kansas, on July 24, 1897 to Amy and Edwin Earhart. Although Edwin was a lawyer, he never earned the approval of Amy\u2019s parents, Judge Alfred Otis and his wife, Amelia. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] In 1899, two-and-a-half years after Amelia\u2019s birth, Edwin and Amy welcomed another daughter, Grace Muriel, into the world. [PAR] Amelia Earhart spent much of her early childhood living with her Otis grandparents in Atchison during the school months and then spending her summers with her parents. Earhart\u2019s early life was filled with outdoor adventures combined with the etiquette lessons expected of upper-middle-class girls of her day. [PAR] Amelia (known as \u201cMillie\u201d in her youth) and her sister Grace Muriel (known as \u201cPidge\u201d) loved to play together, especially outdoors. After visiting the World\u2019s Fair in St. Louis in 1904 , Amelia decided she wanted to build her own mini roller coaster in her backyard. Enlisting Pidge to help, the two built a homemade roller coaster on the roof of the tool shed, using planks, a wooden box, and lard for grease. Amelia took the first ride, which ended with a crash and some bruises \u2013 but she loved it. [PAR] By 1908, Edwin Earhart had closed his private law firm and was working as a lawyer for a railroad in Des Moines, Iowa; thus, it was time for Amelia to move back in with her parents. That same year, her parents took her to the Iowa State Fair where 10-year-old Amelia saw an airplane for the very first time. Surprisingly, the airplane didn\u2019t interest her. [PAR] Problems at Home [PAR] At first, life in Des Moines seemed to be going well for the Earhart family; however, it soon became obvious that Edwin had started to heavily drink alcohol. When his alcoholism got worse, Edwin eventually lost his job in Iowa and had trouble finding another. [PAR] In 1915, with the promise of a job with the Great Northern Railway in St. Paul, Minnesota, the Earhart family packed up their belongings and moved. However, the job fell through once they got there. Tired of her husband\u2019s alcoholism and the family\u2019s increasing money troubles, Amy Earhart moved herself and her daughters to Chicago, leaving their father behind in Minnesota. Edwin and Amy eventually divorced in 1924. [PAR] Due to her family\u2019s frequent moves, Amelia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puget Sound Washington - Go Northwest! A Travel Guide Puget Sound Washington - Go Northwest! A Travel Guide [PAR] Novels set in the Puget Sound [PAR] \"Superspill\" by Mary Kay Becker, 1974. [PAR] An hour-by-hour account of the havoc wrought by spreading oil after a tanker goes aground. [PAR] \"Mighty Mountain\" by Archie Binns, 1940. [PAR] Historical novel about the Puget Sound country in the mid-1800s, highlighting relations between the Indians and the White settlers. [PAR] \"The Timber Beast\" by Archie Binns, 1944. [PAR] Charlie Dow typifies the old style logging operator in this story of the Sound's lumber industry. [PAR] \"Mom Counted Six\" by Mac Gardner, 1944. [PAR] Warm and humorous chronicle of a family who live in a Puget Sound mill town. (Gardner was born and grew up in the Puget Sound area.) [PAR] More Washington [PAR] List with Go Northwest! [PAR] The Puget Sound region is home to the majority of Washington State citizens who live in the bustling cities and suburbs that extend north to south from Stanwood to Olympia. Most Puget Sound communities lie on either side of the north-south Interstate 5 corridor that serves as the major traffic thoroughfare of the state. [PAR] Puget Sound itself is a body of water lying east of Admiralty Inlet, through which ocean waters reach inland some 50 miles from the Pacific Coast to provide all-weather ports for ocean-going ships at Seattle, Tacoma and Olympia. The waterway is a complex and intricate system of channels, inlets, estuaries, embayments and islands. [PAR] Common usage has broadened the Sound's description to include the surrounding lowlands extending east to the Cascade Mountains and the various cities and towns lying therein. Such usage also includes Whidbey , Camano, and Fidalgo islands as well as the Kitsap Peninsula . [PAR] Outside Admiralty Inlet and beyond Whidbey Island to the north, lie the popular San Juan Islands between the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia. This small group of islands is a favorite playground and weekend get-away destination for residents of the region and their northern neighbors in British Columbia , Canada. [PAR] Puget Sound Cities [PAR] Seattle , the state's largest city, lies in the center of the Puget Sound region and sits between Elliot Bay and Lake Washington. Across the Sound is Bainbridge Island , the Kitsap Peninsula and Olympic Peninsula . To the east, and across Lake Washington, is Seattle's near neighbor Bellevue . [PAR] Other major cities situated on the Sound include Everett , Olympia and Tacoma . On the west side of the Sound are the cities of Bremerton , Port Orchard and Shelton . [PAR] Vacationing in Puget Sound [PAR] The Puget Sound area offers a rich variety of vacation, recreational and holiday pursuits including big-city life, island retreats, cozy bed and breakfasts, romantic country inns and first-class resorts. There is plenty of sightseeing, hiking, kayaking, and boating activities to keep in shape and make one wish for a longer Puget Sound holiday. [PAR] See individual cities and towns for additional visitor information as well as information on accommodations, activities and attractions in specific cities. When looking for a city or town, you can choose from either an alphabetical list, or, a list by region .[DOC] [TLE] The Puget Sound Region - Seattle Colleges Human Resources at Seattle Colleges [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Living in the Puget Sound Region [PAR] The majority of Washington State citizens have chosen the Puget Sound region as their home in cities and suburbs that extend north to Stanwood and south to Olympia. Most communities lay either"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Rotary - springfieldrotary.org History of Rotary [PAR] History of Rotary [PAR] You are here: Home / About STRC / History of Rotary [PAR] History of Rotary [PAR] It was February 23, 1905. The automobile was still evoking cries of \u201cGet a horse!\u201d. The airplane had yet to stay aloft for more that a few minutes, though the Wright brothers had shown a little more that a year earlier that heavier than air flight was possible. The first motion picture theater was soon to open in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with a film entitled \u201c The Great Train Robbery\u201d. The ice cream cone had just appeared on the American scene, and the first concrete cantilever bridge was being built in Marion, Iowa. It was the year Einstein introduced his theory of relativity and James J. Jeffries retired as the world\u2019s heavyweight boxing champion. [PAR] In Chicago, Illinois, on this particular February day, four men met in Room 711 of the Unity Building on Dearborn Street. They were Paul P. Harris, a lawyer, Silvester Schiele, a coal dealer, Gustavus E. Loehr, a mining engineer, and Hiram E. Shorey, a merchant tailor. The office of \u201cGus\u201d Loehr was typical of its time \u2013 a small room, not too well lighted, with a desk and four uncomfortable chairs, a coat rack in the corner, one or two pictures and an engineering chart on the wall. They talked about the idea that Paul Harris had been pondering for five years. It was simply this: That business relations could, and should, foster friendly relations They need not, thought Paul Harris, be a barrier to friendship. What kind of men were these that Paul Harris had brought together? The founder of Rotary answered these questions in his book, This Rotarian Age, saying: \u201cIn the city by the lake, a drama was to be acted, the importance of which could not be foreseen. The dramatis personae were men of the ordinary walks of life: business and professional men.\u201d \u201cWhile lacking qualities which would have distinguished them from others of their kind, it may nevertheless be said that they were fairly representative of what in common parlance would have been termed \u2018the better element\u2019. They were all natural products of the times and subject to its usual frailties.\u201d [PAR] \u201cAll were friendly and congenial, and each represented a recognized and honorable vocation different from that of the others. They had been selected without regard to religious, racial or political differences.\u201d [PAR] As these men talked that night in Room 711, they saw even more clearly that men in business could be personal friends \u2013 and should be. In their discussions of ways to foster such business/social relations, they decided, in agreement with Paul Harris, that the formation of the club might best serve their aims. [PAR] Though they didn\u2019t decide there and then to call it a Rotary Club, that meeting on the night of February 23, 1905 was the first meeting of the world\u2019s first Rotary Club. The next day, a fifth member joined the group, having been invited to do so by Paul Harris. He was Harry Ruggles, a printer. He, in turn, interested a real estate dealer named Will Jenson. It was Ruggles who, at an early meeting one evening, jumped on a chair and shouted, \u201cLet\u2019s sing\u201d! He liked to sing and it was his infectious enthusiasm for it that started the Rotary Clubs which today make singing part of their weekly program. Soon after Ruggles and Jenson came in, the organization of the new Club was completed at a meeting in Schiele\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vice President Agnew resigns - Oct 10, 1973 - HISTORY.com Vice President Agnew resigns - Oct 10, 1973 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Vice President Agnew resigns [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Less than a year before Richard M. Nixon\u2019s resignation as president of the United States, Spiro Agnew becomes the first U.S. vice president to resign in disgrace. The same day, he pleaded no contest to a charge of federal income tax evasion in exchange for the dropping of charges of political corruption. He was subsequently fined $10,000, sentenced to three years probation, and disbarred by the Maryland court of appeals. [PAR] Agnew, a Republican, was elected chief executive of Baltimore County in 1961. In 1967, he became governor of Maryland, an office he held until his nomination as the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1968. During Nixon\u2019s successful campaign, Agnew ran on a tough law-and-order platform, and as vice president he frequently attacked opponents of the Vietnam War and liberals as being disloyal and un-American. Reelected with Nixon in 1972, Agnew resigned on October 10, 1973, after the U.S. Justice Department uncovered widespread evidence of his political corruption, including allegations that his practice of accepting bribes had continued into his tenure as U.S. vice president. He died at the age of 77 on September 17, 1996. [PAR] Under the process decreed by the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, President Nixon was instructed to the fill vacant office of vice president by nominating a candidate who then had to be approved by both houses of Congress. Nixon\u2019s appointment of Representative Gerald Ford of Michigan was approved by Congress and, on December 6, Ford was sworn in. He became the 38th president of the United States on August 9, 1974, after the escalating Watergate affair caused Nixon to resign. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Palance - Biography - IMDb Jack Palance - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jack Palance [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 63 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (43) | Personal Quotes (8) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 4\" (1.93 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Jack Palance exemplified evil incarnate on film -- portraying some of the most intensely despised villains witnessed in 50s westerns and melodrama. He received two Best Supporting Actor nominations early in his career, but it would take a grizzled, eccentric comic performance 40 years later for him to finally grab the coveted statuette. [PAR] Of Ukrainian descent, Palance was born Volodymyr Jack Palahniuk on February 18, 1919, in Lattimer Mines, Pennsylvania coal country, to Anna (Gramiak) and Ivan Palahniuk. His father, an anthracite miner, died of black lung disease. The sensitive, artistic lad worked in the mines in his early years but averted the same fate as his father. Athletics was his ticket out of the mines when he won a football scholarship to the University of North Carolina. He subsequently dropped out to try his hand at professional boxing. Fighting under the name \"Jack Brazzo,\" he won his first 15 fights, 12 by knockout, before losing a 4th round decision to future heavyweight contender Joe Baksi on Dec. 17, 1940. [PAR] With the outbreak of World War II, Palance's boxing career ended and his military career began, serving in the Army Air Force as a bomber pilot. Wounded in combat and suffering severe injuries and burns, he received the Purple Heart, Good Conduct Medal, and the World War II Victory Medal. He resumed college studies as a journalist at Stanford University and became a sportswriter for the San Francisco Chronicle. He also worked for a radio station until the acting bug bit. [PAR] Palance made his stage debut in \"The Big Two\" in 1947 and immediately followed it understudying Marlon Brando as Stanley Kowalski in the groundbreaking Broadway classic \"A Streetcar Named Desire,\" a role he eventually took over. Following stage parts in \"Temporary Island\" (1948), \"The Vigil\" (1948) and \"The Silver Tassle\" (1949), Palance won a choice role in \"Darkness of Noon\" and also the Theatre World Award for \"promising new personality\". This recognition helped him secure a 20th Century-Fox contract. The facial burns and resulting reconstructive surgery following the crash and burn of his WWII bomber plane actually worked to the leathery actor's advantage in Hollywood. Hardly possessing the look of a glossy romantic leading man, Palance instead became an archetypal villain equipped with an imposing glare, intimidating stance and killer-shark smile. [PAR] He stood out among a powerhouse cast ( Richard Widmark , Paul Douglas') in his movie debut in Elia Kazan 's Panic in the Streets (1950), as a plague-carrying fugitive. He was soon on his way. Initially billed as Walter Jack Palance, the actor made fine use of his former boxing skills and war experience for the film Halls of Montezuma (1951) as a boxing Marine in Richard Widmark 's platoon. Palance followed this with the first of his back-to-back Oscar nods. In Sudden Fear (1952), only his third film, he played rich-and-famous playwright Joan Crawford 's struggling actor husband who plots to murder her and run off with gorgeous Gloria Grahame . Finding the right menace and intensity to pretty much steal the proceedings, he followed this with arguably his finest villain of the decade, that of creepy, sadistic gunslinger Jack Wilson who becomes Alan Ladd 's biggest nightmare (not to mention others)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Eastman - invented the roll of film - Famous Inventor George Eastman - invented the roll of film - Famous Inventor [PAR] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - invented calculus independently of Newton [PAR] George Eastman - invented the roll of film [PAR] George Eastman (July 12, 1854 \u2013 March 14, 1932) founded the Eastman Kodak Company and invented the roll of film, helping to bring photography to the mainstream. The roll film was also the basis for the invention of the motion picture film in 1888 by world's first filmmaker, Louis Le Prince, and a decade later by his followers L\u00e9on Bouly, Thomas Edison, the Lumi\u00e8re Brothers and Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s. [PAR] Biography [PAR] He was the third and youngest child of George Washington Eastman and Maria Kilbourn, both from the bordering town of Marshall. His third sister died shortly after her birth. In 1854, his father established the Eastman Commercial College in Rochester. The Eastman family moved to Rochester in 1865. Two years later after his father's death, George Eastman left high school to support his mother and sisters. At age 14 he began working as an office boy. [PAR] In 1874, Eastman became intrigued with photography, but found the process awkward. It required coating a glass plate with a liquid emulsion, which had to be quickly used before it dried. After three years of experimentation with British gelatin emulsions, Eastman developed a dry photographic plate, and patented it in both England and the US. In 1880 he began a photographic business. [PAR] In 1884, Eastman patented a photographic medium that replaced fragile glass plates with a photo-emulsion coated on paper rolls. The invention of roll film greatly sped up the process of recording multiple images. [PAR] Ad for the Kodak camera. [PAR] Eastman then received a patent in 1888 for a camera designed to use roll film. He coined the marketing phrase, \"You press the button, we do the rest.\" The phrase entered the public consciousness. It was even incorporated into a Gilbert & Sullivan operetta (Utopia, Limited). [PAR] The camera owner could send in the camera with a processing fee of $10. The company would develop the film, print 100 pictures, and also send along a new roll of 100-exposures film. [PAR] On September 4, 1888 Eastman registered the trademark Kodak. The letter \"K\" had been a favorite of Eastman's. He said, \"[I]t seems a strong, incisive sort of letter\". Eastman and his mother devised the name Kodak with an anagram set. He used three principal concepts to create the name: it must be short, it could not be mispronounced, and it could not resemble anything else or be associated with anything but Kodak. [PAR] By 1896, 100 Kodak cameras had been sold. The first Kodak cost USD $25. In an effort to bring photography to the masses, Eastman introduced the Brownie in 1900 at a price of just $1. It became a great success. [PAR] In 1925, Eastman gave up his daily management of Kodak, to become chairman of the board. He thereafter concentrated on philanthropic activities, to which he had already donated substantial sums. He was one of the major philanthropists of his time, ranking only slightly behind Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and a few others, but did not seek publicity for his activities. He concentrated on institution-building and causes which could help people's health. He donated to the University of Rochester, establishing the Eastman School of Music and School of Dentistry; to Tuskegee Institute; and to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), donations which provided the capital to build several of their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Odd Couple (TV Series 1970\u20131975) - IMDb The Odd Couple (TV Series 1970\u20131975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 7 January 2017 5:00 AM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two men, a neat freak and a slob separated from their wives, have to live together despite their differences. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Oscar and Felix appear together on Password and Felix is sure that they can win. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Oscar, on the advice from girlfriend Nancy, tries being nicer to Felix. In trying too hard to be so, it causes him to sleepwalk and hit Felix on the head with a rolled up newspaper every night. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Felix and Oscar appear on Let's Make a Deal to get a new bed for Felix after Oscar set his on fire. [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] 2017 Golden Globes Nominees Back After 20 Years [PAR] Golden Globes are feeling nostalgic! Find out which Golden Globe winners from more than 20 years ago snagged nominations yet again for their performances this past year. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 14 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 10 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Title: The Odd Couple (1970\u20131975) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 5 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The professional and personal misadventures of a psychologist and his family, patients, friends and colleagues. [PAR] Stars: Bob Newhart, Suzanne Pleshette, Bill Daily [PAR] A compassionate teacher returns to his inner city high school of his youth to teach a new generation of trouble making kids. [PAR] Stars: Gabe Kaplan, Ron Palillo, John Travolta [PAR] The lives and trials of a young single woman and her friends, both at work and at home. [PAR] Stars: Mary Tyler Moore, Edward Asner, Gavin MacLeod [PAR] The misadventures of an author turned innkeeper in rural Vermont and his friends. [PAR] Stars: Bob Newhart, Mary Frann, Tom Poston [PAR] The staff of a struggling radio station have a chance at success after the new programming director changes the format to rock music [PAR] Stars: Gary Sandy, Gordon Jump, Loni Anderson [PAR] The staff of a New York City taxicab company go about their job while they dream of greater things. [PAR] Stars: Judd Hirsch, Jeff Conaway, Danny DeVito [PAR] This sitcom follows recently divorced mother (Ann Romano) and her two teenage daughters (Barbara and Julie) as they start a new life together in Indianapolis, They are befriended by the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Bonnie Franklin, Valerie Bertinelli, Pat Harrington Jr. [PAR] A greasy-spoon diner in Phoenix, Arizona is the setting for this long-running series. The title character, Alice Hyatt, is an aspiring singer who arrives in Phoenix with her teenaged son, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Linda Lavin, Beth Howland, Vic Tayback [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The rise and fall of the CD: 12 facts you might not know - BT The rise and fall of the CD: 12 facts you might not know - BT [PAR] [PAR] The rise and fall of the CD: 12 facts you might not know [PAR] We celebrate the compact disc, a ground-breaking audio format that changed the way we listen to music. [PAR] [PAR] Print this story [PAR] On March 8 1979 Philips demonstrated the compact disc for the first time \u2013 the Compact Disc Audio Player. [PAR] Although this technology has faded a little in the internet age, with the advent of mp3 players and streaming services, it was hugely important. [PAR] Piet Kramer, who worked in Philips optical group said at the time the teams didn\u2019t realise the impact the CD would have: \u201c In the late 70s and early 80s, we never imagined that one day the computing and entertainment industries would also opt for the digital CD for storing the growing volume of data for computer programs and movies.\u201d [PAR] Check out the video above from Philips to mark the 25th anniversary of the CD to find out more. [PAR] Here are 12 fascinating facts about the CD [PAR] Technology giants Philips and Sony developed the CD format together. In 1979, a task force was set-up to create a digital audio disc and set a standard for the music industry that all manufacturers could follow and develop for. [PAR] The CD was the first digital format, it was marketed as having better sound and less liable to scratch than analogue formats such as cassette or record. [PAR] 1.2mm deep and 120mm in diameter, CD\u2019s are made from polycarbonate plastic, with aluminium coating which makes the surface reflective. Data is encoded on a track in indents - known as pits - which start in the centre and spirals out. Lasers in CD players read this information from the disc without physical contact. [PAR] CDs must comply with what is known as the \u2018Red Book\u2019 audio specification. The document of standards was created by Sony and Philips in 1980. [PAR] The world\u2019s first compact disc was manufactured in Langenhagen, Germany on August 17 1982. The first CD made at the plant was Abba\u2019s The Visitors. [PAR] The CD has a 74-minute playing time, allegedly because vice president of Sony, Norio Ohg\u2019s wife\u2019s favourite piece of music was Beethoven\u2019s Ninth symphony. [PAR] Dire Straits\u2019 Brothers in Arms was the first album to sell over one million CDs. The band and Philips promoted the sound quality, as you can see in this picture. [PAR] The BBC\u2019s Tomorrow\u2019s World famously demonstrated the CD in 1981. Host Kieran Prendiville was sceptical \u201cwhether there\u2019s a market for this kind of disc\u201d and is seen scratching a BeeGees CD. Urban legend suggested he spread jam on it first. [PAR] The first commercially available CD player was the Sony CDP-101, which was released in 1982 priced 168,000 yen (around \u00a3922). Sony CEO Nobuyuki Idei based the model name on the numbers 0101, which is number five in binary code, meaning the product was medium class. [PAR] Over 200 billion CDs have been sold worldwide. If all the CDs produced were piled up, they would circle the earth six times. [PAR] The CD has spawned a range of optical-disc formats: Super Audio CD, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, right up to Blu-ray today. [PAR] Sales of CDs have been declining for years, in part down to the rise in digital music for portable music players and smartphones, but the decline has been slow. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Nestle Is Multinational Corporate Marketing Essay Why Nestle Is Multinational Corporate Marketing Essay [PAR] Why Nestle Is Multinational Corporate Marketing Essay [PAR] Published: [PAR] Last Edited: [PAR] 23rd March, 2015 [PAR] This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. [PAR] Introduction to MNC (Multinational Corporate) [PAR] MNC (Multinational corporate) known started from 17th century which traces origin from Dutch East India Company. And this corporate structure more widely functioned in 21th century. [PAR] According to Stuart Wall, Sonal Minocha and Bronwen Rees (2010), MNC (Multinational corporate) is a company that has headquarters in one country but has operations in other country. MNC had defined by Dunning (1993) MNC are engages in FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and owns or controls value-adding activities in more than one country. Typically the multinational would not just own value-adding activities, but might buy resources and create goods or services in a variety of countries. Multinational Corporate in 2007 an estimated 79000 multinational corporate, collectively controlled a total of around 800000 foreign affiliates, employed almost 82million people worldwide and accounted for sales revenue of over $31 trillion, some 11% of world GDP. . (Stuart Wall;SonalMinocha and Bronwen Rees. 2010. pg. 31). [PAR] Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is any forms that investor earns interest in corporation which functions outside of the domestic territory of investor. Besides that, foreign direct investment needs a relationship between a parent company and it foreign subsidiary. It is also gives rise for multinational corporate based on their report Economy Watch (2010). [PAR] What is Globalization? [PAR] Globalization means businesses transaction around the world. [PAR] Research (Global Education, 2009) has shown that globalization have many meanings and definitions, but mostly known as the greater movement of people, goods, capital and ideas affected by the increments of the economic integration which in turn is propelled by the increasing trades and investments. It is like moving towards living in a borderless world. There has always been a sharing of goods, services, knowledge and cultures between people and countries. In recent years, the improvement of technologies and a reduction of barriers mean the speed of exchange is much faster. Globalization provides lots of different types of opportunities and challenges (Global Education, 2009). [PAR] Why Nestle is Multinational Corporate? [PAR] Nestle is a multinational corporate since the headquarter is located in Switzerland but operates businesses in the many other countries over the world such as Europe, United State, China, Malaysia, Hong Kong etc. As we know, Nestle is an infant's product. Besides producing infants, Nestle has also produces some other products such as chocolate, yogurt drink, cornflakes, ice-cream etc which can easily found in supermarkets all over the world. [PAR] Introduction to Nestle [PAR] In 1860s, a pharmacist named Henri Nestle had succeeded developed a food for babies whom are unable to breastfeed. And his first success was to be able to feed a premature infant who could not tolerate his mother's milk or any of the usual substitutes. (Nestle, 2010) [PAR] In 1867, he adopted his own coat of arms as a trademark in 1867. In German Nestle means little nest. The Nestle symbol is universally understood to carry the meaning of nurturing and caring, security, nourishment and family bonding. These attributes are still the guiding legacy for the company Henri Nestl\u00e9 founded which fulfills the commitment to 'Good Food, Good Life. [PAR] The Nestl\u00e9 Coat-of-Arms [PAR] Sources: Nestle Sdn Bhd 2010 [PAR] In 1905 Nestl\u00e9 work together with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, the year after Nestl\u00e9 added"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theme From Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To) Theme From Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To) - YouTube [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 29, 2008 [PAR] This movie was the first movie I ever saw after moving to the Bay Area in 1975. Having come from a small town, everything was so BIG. Intersections, malls, people rushing everywhere. The question this song asks, I asked myself over and over after such upheaval. I still don't have the answer. The movie Mahogany (and this theme song) turn 40 this October. [PAR] Theme From Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To), by Diana Ross. From the movie, Mahogany in the year 1975. [PAR] Do you know where youre going to? [PAR] Do you like the things that life is showing you [PAR] Where are you going to? [PAR] Do you know...?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chinese Zodiac, 12 Chinese Zodiac Animals, Find Your ... The Chinese Zodiac, 12 Zodiac Animals, Find Your Zodiac Sign [PAR] The Chinese animal zodiac, or shengxiao (/shnng-sshyaoww/ \u2018born resembling\u2019), is a repeating cycle of 12 years, with each year being represented by an animal and its reputed attributes. Traditionally these zodiac animals were used to date the years. [PAR] The 12 Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [PAR] In order, the 12 animals are: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig. [PAR] What Your Chinese Zodiac Animal Sign Is [PAR] Your Chinese Zodiac sign is derived from your birth year, according to the Chinese lunar calendar. See the years of each animal below or use the calculator on the right to determine your own sign. [PAR] Rat: 2008, 1996, 1984, 1972, 1960 [PAR] Ox: 2009, 1997, 1985, 1973, 1961 [PAR] Tiger: 2010, 1998, 1986, 1974, 1962 [PAR] Rabbit: 2011, 1999, 1987, 1975, 1963 [PAR] Dragon: 2012, 2000, 1988, 1976, 1964 [PAR] Snake: 2013, 2001, 1989, 1977, 1965 [PAR] Horse: 2014, 2002, 1990, 1978, 1966 [PAR] Goat: 2015, 2003, 1991, 1979, 1967 [PAR] Monkey: 2016, 2004, 1992, 1980, 1968 [PAR] Rooster: 2017 , 2005, 1993, 1981, 1969 [PAR] Dog: 2018, 2006, 1994, 1982, 1970 [PAR] Pig: 2019, 2007, 1995, 1983, 1971 [PAR] Find Your Chinese Zodiac Sign [PAR] Choose your date of birth and find out about your Chinese zodiac sign. [PAR] You are a: [PAR] Love: [PAR] Health: [PAR] Those born in January and February take care: Chinese (Lunar) New Year moves between 21 January and February 20. If you were born in January or February, check whether your birth date falls before or after Chinese New Year to know what your Chinese zodiac year is. [PAR] Chinese Zodiac Love Compatibility \u2014 Is He/She Right for You? [PAR] People born in a certain animal year are believed to have attributes of that animal, which could either help or hinder a relationship. [PAR] An important use of Chinese Zodiac is to determine if two people are compatible, in a romantic relationship or any kind of relationship. In ancient times people were faithful to Chinese Zodiac compatibility and often referred to it before a romantic relationship began. Even nowadays some people still refer to it. [PAR] Take our online test on the right and find how suitable you and your partner are. See our Chinese Zodiac Love Compatibility Charts [PAR] Chinese Zodiac Love Compatibility Test Is she/he compatible with you? Take the test and see... [PAR] Boy's Name: [PAR] Date of Birth: [PAR] It\u2019s BAD LUCK When Your Zodiac Year Comes Around! [PAR] As the Chinese zodiac recurs every 12 years, your animal year will come around when you are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, etc. [PAR] According to ancient Chinese superstition, in your birth sign year, he will offend the God of Age, and will have bad luck during that year. The best way to avoid bad luck during this year is by wearing something red given by an elder (relative), such as socks, a neck cord, underwear, a waistband, a bracelet, or an anklet. [PAR] Read more on How to be Lucky in Your Zodiac Year . [PAR] Chinese Zodiac Years Have Two Different Starts! [PAR] There are two dates a Chinese zodiac year could be said to start on, and neither is January 1! China traditionally uses two calendars: the solar calendar and the lunar calendar. [PAR] The traditional solar calendar has 24 fifteen-day solar terms, and the first, called \u2018Start of Spring\u2019, falls on February 4 (or 5). [PAR] The lunar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAQ | Formula One At & Genius FAQ | Formula One At & Genius [PAR] 1. Who organises the Formula One World Championship? [PAR] The sporting branch of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l\u2019Automobile , FIA Sport. The FIA governs motor sport worldwide and, as such, administers the Formula One and World Rally Championships, and the F3000 and GT Championships, as well as all other international motor sport. [PAR] The Formula One World Championship was created in 1950 and is the oldest FIA Championship. It also has the greatest media impact. It is estimated that the 17 Grands Prix of the 1997 season attracted over 50 billion television viewers, while the printed press maintained a significant presence, with an average of 650 journalists and photographers traveling from all over the world to cover each event. [PAR] 2. How far back does Formula One go? [PAR] There was no \u201cformula\u201d from the heroic era of the motor car in 1894 (the year of the first motor race in history, from Paris to Rouen) up until 1900. The existing vehicles were simply raced. A differentiation was made between the cars on the basis of their method of propulsion (petrol or steam), and their number of seats. At the time, cars always had at least two seats, and it was not until the end of the 1920s that single-seater cars were used. The invention of the rear-view mirror made an important contribution to this development, since one of the mechanic\u2019s tasks was to warn the driver that someone was trying to overtake him. [PAR] Immediately after its creation in 1904, the FIA, which is the international sporting authority, became obliged to formulate restrictions to ensure the safety of the drivers and spectators, and to guide motor sport in a direction which would benefit the development of road cars, thus setting a pattern which has been repeated throughout the long history of motor sport. From 1907 to 1939, almost every possible formula was tried. The minimum weight, maximum weight, consumption and bore were each restricted in their turn, but the formula most frequently used, even after 1939, was to limit the cylinder capacity of the engines. This restriction was first introduced in 1914. [PAR] Following the introduction of the first \u201cformula\u201d defined by the FIA (which restricted maximum weight) in 1904, categories were created for the smaller cars, yet the name \u201cFormula One\u201d did not appear until after the Second World War, or more specifically, until the creation of the FIA Formula One World Championship at Silverstone on 13 May 1950. [PAR] 3. Why was the Federation Internationale de l\u2019Automobile (FIA) created? [PAR] Prior to 1904, every country and automobile club organised races, each with its own set of regulations. It was thus virtually impossible to organise international races, since there were no common regulations. The most influential Automobile Clubs of the time therefore decided to put an end to this situation, which was preventing motor sport from flourishing, by creating an international organisation which would draw up common regulations, applicable to races all over the world. This led to the birth of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l\u2019Automobile (the FIA), which was thus able to guarantee to English or German drivers, for example, that the same rules would apply whether they were racing in France, Italy, Belgium, or Monaco. [PAR] 4. \u201cFormula One:\u201d what is the current formula? [PAR] In addition to a large number of specifications relating, in particular, to safety and aerodynamics, the current formula restricts the cylinder capacity of the engine to 3 litres, prohibits supercharging and stipulates a minimum"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stapleton International Airport Webcam Stapleton International Airport Webcam [PAR] Stapleton International Airport Webcam [PAR] Stapleton International Airport Forecast Widget [PAR] Stapleton International Airport, Denver County, Colorado, United States [PAR] The Stapleton International Airport webcam below is the best available in our database. This Stapleton International Airport webcam and those cams nearby are not operated by weather-forecast.com, however please let us know if the Stapleton International Airport webcam is dead or frequently offline. If you know of a better webcam for this location then please let us know and we'll update our records. [PAR] Stapleton International Airport Webcam Archive [PAR] Stapleton International Airport Webcam at 2pm today"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kevin Kline\u2019s Best Movies << Movie & TV News and ... Kevin Kline\u2019s Best Movies << Movie & TV News and Interviews \u2013 Rotten Tomatoes [PAR] 10. In & Out [PAR] Howard Brackett (Kevin Kline) seems to have it made \u2014 he\u2019s a well-liked English teacher and coach at his small-town high school, with a wedding to his fiancee (Joan Cusack) on the horizon and a former student (Matt Dillon) up for an Academy Award. But Howard\u2019s world comes unglued after his ex-pupil uses the Oscar telecast to tell the world that Howard\u2019s gay \u2014 a revelation that proves shocking for everyone, most of all Howard, who thinks of himself as heterosexual. A comedy of errors ensues, ably supported by a cast that also includes Tom Selleck and Bob Newhart, and although it\u2019s a premise that probably wouldn\u2019t fly today, it was handled so nimbly by director Frank Oz and writer Paul Rudnick that most critics couldn\u2019t complain too much. \u201cA man questioning his own sexuality does not seem like the ideal topic for a comedy,\u201d admitted Cinematter\u2019s Madeleine Williams. \u201cBut with a good script, and plenty of humor, In & Out tackles this touchy subject matter with aplomb.\u201d [PAR] 76% [PAR] 9. Silverado [PAR] Once you cast Brian Dennehy as your movie\u2019s bad guy, you\u2019ve won half the battle. Fortunately for Silverado director/co-writer Lawrence Kasdan, he also managed to line up a pretty capable cast of heroes for his stylishly assembled Western. Kevin Kline, Kevin Costner, Scott Glenn and Danny Glover all saddled up and rode against Dennehy\u2019s crooked sheriff, and even the supporting cast managed to shine, with memorable turns from Jeff Goldblum, Linda Hunt, and Rosanna Arquette. Westerns weren\u2019t exactly in vogue during the mid-\u201980s \u2014 especially ones as unabashedly retro as this one \u2014 but according to most critics, Silverado made it work; as Roger Ebert wrote, \u201cThis is a story, you will agree, that has been told before. What distinguishes Kasdan\u2019s telling of it is the style and energy he brings to the project.\u201d [PAR] 80% [PAR] 8. The Pirates of Penzance [PAR] The next time you find yourself wondering why more big movies don\u2019t premiere on-demand at the same time they\u2019re in theaters, think about The Pirates of Penzance. A film adaptation of the Broadway hit, starring most of the original stage cast, it bowed to widely positive reviews; problem was, it had a hard time holding on to theatrical engagements due to Universal\u2019s decision to simultaneously send the movie to a pay-TV service. Thus did ticked-off theater owners opt to shun our cinematic Pirates, and lo did the audience suffer \u2014 at least in the estimation of most critics, who felt that the cast (including Kline, Linda Ronstadt, Angela Lansbury, and Rex Smith) did a fine job of bringing the stage musical to the screen. In addition to a \u201cwell made musical,\u201d Michael A. Smith of Nolan\u2019s Pop Culture Review deemed it \u201cProof that Kline can do ANYTHING!\u201d [PAR] 81% [PAR] 7. Cry Freedom [PAR] The life of legendary anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko got its big-screen due with Richard Attenborough\u2019s Cry Freedom, starring Denzel Washington as Biko and Kline as Biko\u2019s journalist friend Donald Woods, whose books formed the basis for John Briley\u2019s screenplay. Although it arrived at a moment when the South African government\u2019s racially oppressive policies were under particularly harsh scrutiny on the international stage, Freedom\u2018s stark drama proved a tough sell for American filmgoers, who mostly failed to turn out during its theatrical run. Critics found it problematic due to what Roger Ebert termed its \u201cliberal yuppie\u201d focus,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Doberman Owners - Dobermans Den - The Famous Doberman Owners [PAR] Home > Fun Stuff > Famous Doberman Owners [PAR] Famous Doberman Owners [PAR] Usually we see celebrities with toy dogs that look more like a fashion accessories than a loved pet. And rarely do we see our beloved Doberman with a celebrity, photographed by the paparazzi. But of course, there are some famous people who own Dobermans, (some who have sadly passed away). [PAR] I think you\u2019ll find this list interesting and it shows how diverse the people who love Dobermans are. This list is partially taken from Stanley Coren\u2019s book, \u201cWhy we love the dogs we do\u201d, as well as various online research. If I missed anyone please let me know in the comments below. [PAR] If you\u2019re looking for famous Dobermans from the movies and tv, here\u2019s a fun list of the most famous Dobermans . [PAR] [PAR] Hunter S Thompson [PAR] Hunter S Thompson, was a popular American writer who died in 2005. He had several Dobermans and has included them in his books. In Where The Buffalo Roam, Hunter had the doberman Bronco, trained to attack on the command word, Nixon. When Mr. Thompson was alive he apparently raised peacocks and dobermans. What an interesting man. [PAR] Beatrice Arthur [PAR] Beatrice Arthur, was an actress who played Dorothy on Golden Girls died in 2009. She owned dobermans, Jennifer, Emma and Albert. [PAR] Jean-Christophe Novelli [PAR] French celebrity chef who is known to have a whole pack of dobermans, 21 dobes at one time! This guy loves dobermans. I wonder if he cooks for them. [PAR] Bela Lugosi [PAR] Bela Lugosi, the actor best known for portraying Dracula. One of his dobermans was named Hector. [PAR] Priscilla Presley [PAR] Priscilla Presley, actress from the Naked Gun and the Dallas tv series. Her dog was named Willie. [PAR] Tanya Roberts [PAR] Tanya Roberts, actress from Sheena, Charlies Angels and a bond girl in A View to a Kill. Her dobermans are named Catcher, Champ and Huckleberry. [PAR] [PAR] 35th American president with his doberman Moe. [PAR] Raquel Welch [PAR] American actress, Raquel Welch also owned a doberman. [PAR] Rudolph Valentino [PAR] Rudolph Valentino, actor of silent films in the 20\u2019s. His doberman was named Kabar. [PAR] It is said that when Valentino died suddenly at the age of 31, his dog Kabar was upset and passed away six months later. [PAR] Victoria Principal [PAR] Victoria Principal, actress from the tv series Dallas, owns dobermans, China and Dyla. [PAR] William Shatner [PAR] Actor William Shatner, Captain Kirk of Star Trek fame. [PAR] His dobermans were: Kirk, Morgan, China, Heidi, Paris, Royale, Martika, Sterling, Charity, Bella, and Starbuck. [PAR] Forest Whitaker [PAR] The academy award winning actor. [PAR] Nicolas Cage [PAR] Caesar Millan has mentioned that Nicolas Cage, owns a white doberman. [PAR] Lance Ito [PAR] Lance Ito, American judge of the O.J. Simpson murder trial. His doberman is named Gillis. [PAR] Kevin Hart [PAR] [PAR] Kevin Hart is a comedian and our newest doberman owner. He girl Roxy looks super cute. [PAR] Henrik Lundqvist [PAR] New York Rangers hockey goalie having dinner with his doberman. Strawberries? [PAR] Mariah Carey [PAR] Mariah Carey, the singer owns dobermans, Duke and Princess. You can see Princess in her music video , \u201cAll I want for Christmas is You\u201d. [PAR] [PAR] Snoop Dogg [PAR] Snoop Dogg doesn\u2019t own a Doberman, but he kind of looks like one and he did turn into one in his music video ,\u201dWho Am I?\u201d[DOC] [TLE] Breed Breakdown: Doberman Pinscher - unleashmagazine.com Breed Breakdown:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wall Street Crash, 1929 - EyeWitness to History The Wall Street Crash, 1929 [PAR] The Wall Street Crash, 1929 [PAR] Printer Friendly Version >>> [PAR] The \"Roaring 20s\" that followed the end of World War I was a period of prosperity for most Americans. As the economy grew, stock prices soared. By the end of the decade, as many as 25 million Americans had placed money in the stock market in order to share in the wealth. The best part of the process was that you didn't need a lot of cash to join the party. You could buy your stock on margin. That is, borrow the money for your stock purchase using the value of the stock itself as collateral. It is estimated that by 1929, the total amount of debt amassed by the practice had reached six billion dollars. It was a house of cards that remained erect as long as stocks continued to increase in value. However, if stock prices plummeted, the whole rickety structure could collapse. [PAR] Variety's headline after the Crash [PAR] The tremors that would eventually destroy this flimsy economic edifice made their first rumblings in September 1929. The market dropped sharply at the beginning of the month but rose again only to drop and rise again. The rollercoaster ride continued in October as the beginning of the month saw another drop followed by another burst of strength. Then came Black Thursday \ufffd October 24 \ufffd when a drop in stock prices triggered a burst of panic-selling so frantic that it overwhelmed the Stock Exchange's ability to keep track of the transactions. [PAR] Wall Street financers were able to reverse the downward plunge only by buying as many shares of stock as they could over the next two days. It was a temporary victory. Monday's opening bell unleashed a frenzy of selling that soon turned into an uncontrolled panic that continued for the rest of the trading day. The following day \ufffd Black Tuesday, October 29 \ufffd saw the previous day's panic turn into bedlam on the trading floor. [PAR] According to one observer, traders \"hollered and screamed, they clawed at one another's collars. It was like a bunch of crazy men. Every once in a while, when Radio or Steel or Auburn would take another tumble, you'd see some poor devil collapse and fall to the floor.\" This was the Crash, although few could see it at the time. The Market continued its decline but never as dramatic. Thirty billion dollars had been lost - more than twice the national debt. The nation reeled, and slipped into the depths of the Great Depression. [PAR] \"This was real panic.\" [PAR] Jonathan Leonard was a reporter who was on the scene as Wall Street tumbled. We join his story following \"Black Thursday.\" [PAR] \"That Saturday and Sunday Wall Street hummed with week-day activity. The great buildings were ablaze with lights all night as sleepy clerks fought desperately to get the accounts in shape for the Monday opening. Horrified brokers watched the selling orders accumulate. It wasn't a flood; it was a deluge. Everybody wanted to sell-the man with five shares and the man with ten thousand. Evidently the week-end cheer barrage had not hit its mark. [PAR] ADVERTISMENT [PAR] Monday was a rout for the banking pool, which was still supposed to be 'on guard.' If it did any net buying at all, which is doubtful, the market paid little attention. Leading stocks broke through the support levels as soon as trading started and kept sinking all day. Periodically the news would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Panama Canal - The Hacking Family Panama Canal [PAR] On December 31, 1999, the Panama Canal became operated entirely by Panama for the first time in history, though over the proceeding 20 years, the United States had been slowly turning it over to them. The canal has long been a cause of conflict between Panama and the US. The changeover was very controversial, and the question is raised: Should the Panama Canal have remained in the control of the US? First off, it is necessary to have some understanding of the canal\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds history. The US built the canal and maintained it well for 85 years after construction. However, Panama never actually allowed the Canal Zone to become part of the US, and although a fee was paid to the Panamanian government for the use of the canal, the government receives far more from the actual ownership. On the other hand, the people of Colon and Panama City, which benefited directly and indirectly from US presence, did not want the US to leave. Furthermore, there is the question of whether the US or Panama operate this important resource better. [PAR] The French were the first to try and build a canal across South America, starting in 1882. Before they could start work, they needed to secure a concession from the Columbian government, which controlled Panama at that time. However, their project failed, thousands of workers died (mainly from disease,) and the company went bankrupt six years later, in 1888. A Frenchman named Philippe Bunau-Varilla managed to keep the effort from collapsing entirely, and looked for another party to take up the concession. The United States, which was also interested in building a canal, negotiated to buy the concession from the French. However, Columbia refused the sale. [PAR] Meanwhile, nationalism was stirring in Panama. An agreement was made with the US government that if the US would help Panama gain their independence, they would allow the canal to be built. In 1903, Panama became its own country, and the United States immediately recognized the new government. Columbia sent troops to reclaim Panama, but US warships prevented them from landing. [PAR] After the United States helped Panama win its independence, a treaty was immediately negotiated to allow the US to build a canal. The treaty granted considerably more to the US then the failed agreement with Columbia had, including rights to use military within Panama and US control of the Canal Zone in perpetuity. In essence, the Canal Zone would be part of the US in all but name. However, the man who signed for the Panamanians, the Frenchman Bunau-Varilla, was not part of the official delegation from the new Panamanian government, and some Panamanians felt that the rights granted to the US in the treaty were excessive. [PAR] Construction of the current Panama Canal began in 1904. Casualties among the workers were much lower due to extensive projects to control yellow fever and malaria, and the canal was completed in ten years, three years ahead of schedule. However, the cost was a phenomenal $350 million, the most expensive operation the US government had ever undertaken. In addition, Panama was paid ten million dollars, plus another quarter million each year, for use of the territory. This was a very large amount of money at the time, and the fees would be raised in 1936 and again in 1955. During construction, the US also established stores, schools, and military bases around the canal. [PAR] As agreed in the 1903 treaty, the United States Military had been allowed to take action within Panama"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prince's 20 Biggest Billboard Hits | Billboard Prince's 20 Biggest Billboard Hits | Billboard [PAR] Prince's 20 Biggest Billboard Hits [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] Prince's Biggest Billboard Hits [PAR] Prince's catalog of Hot 100 hits, which includes huge smashes like \"Purple Rain,\" \"Kiss\" and \"When Doves Cry,\" is staggering. The Purple One has claimed 47 entries on the Billboard Hot 100, including 19 top 10s -- with five of those going all the way to No. 1. In the 20 year span between 1980 and the end of 1999, Prince charted more Hot 100 entries (44) than any other act. [PAR] With his classic album and film 'Purple Rain' turning 30 this week , we're celebrating his amazing career with an exclusive countdown of his top 20 Billboard Hot 100 hits. [PAR] The ranking is based on actual performance on the weekly Billboard Hot 100 chart. Songs are ranked based on an inverse point system, with weeks at No. 1 earning the greatest value and weeks at No. 100 earning the least. To ensure equitable representation of the biggest hits from each era, certain time frames were weighted to account for the difference between turnover rates from those years. [PAR] 20 [PAR] \"1999\" Prince [PAR] Hot 100 Peak: 12, Peak Date: July 23, 1983 [PAR] More than a decade before the millennium, Prince envisioned the year 2000 as a plum-colored apocalypse. \"The sky was all purple,\" he sings on the single from the album of the same name. \"There were people runnin' everywhere. Tryin 2 run from the destruction. U know I didn't even care.\" Why? Because he was ready to go out with a bang! With blaring synths and an irresistible beat, he rocks out like he never will again. The song holds the honor of being Prince's longest-charting Hot 100 hit, having spent 28 weeks on the weekly tally in three separate chart runs. [PAR] 1999 [PAR] \"I Could Never Take The Place of Your Man\" Prince [PAR] Hot 100 Peak: 10, Peak Date: February 6, 1988 [PAR] Cautious of a lonely woman he met on a summer night, Prince warns her that he's got no intention of replacing her ex. The tune, from Prince's 1987 double album \"Sign 'O' The Times,\" notched a top 10 spot on the Hot 100 early the following year. [PAR] 18 [PAR] \"Alphabet St.\" Prince [PAR] Hot 100 Peak: 8, Peak Date: June 25, 1988 [PAR] Prince picks up a cutie in his daddy's Thunderbird and what follows is a funky, rap-laden dialogue between the two that hit the top 10 in 1988. [PAR] 17 [PAR] \"7\" Prince and The New Power Generation [PAR] Hot 100 Peak: 7, Peak Date: February 27, 1993 [PAR] Over soft guitar strums and a whipping bass line Prince leads an army of the cool and the intelligent to battle against those with hate in their hearts. \"They stand in the way of love and we will smoke them all,\" he sings. Fittingly, the title of the track predicted its Hot 100 peak, lucky No. 7. [PAR] 16 [PAR] \"I Would Die 4 U\" Prince and The Revolution [PAR] Hot 100 Peak: 8, Peak Date: February 2, 1985 [PAR] On top on bouncing keys, Prince professes his undying love for someone who might not even deserve it. Though his love is a sinner, he still sings that he'd make the ultimate sacrifice for that person. [PAR] 15 [PAR] \"Delirious\" Prince [PAR] Hot 100 Peak: 8, Peak Date: October 22, 1983 [PAR] When Prince's lover holds his hand, he sings on this song, his \"body gets so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Essential Michael Jackson by Michael Jackson ... - Apple The Essential Michael Jackson by Michael Jackson on Apple Music [PAR] 38 Songs [PAR] iTunes Review [PAR] This 2005 retrospective of career-spanning singles lives up to its name. After offering a few of Michael\u2019s initial hits with his brothers (\u201cI Want You Back\u201d and \u201cABC\u201d) and nascent singles as a solo artist, the compilation gains altitude with self-assured pop hits like \u201cDon\u2019t Stop \u2018Til You Get Enough\u201d and \u201cOff the Wall.\u201d The tracks taken from Thriller and Bad\u2014especially \u201cBillie Jean\u201d and \u201cMan in the Mirror\u201d\u2014capture Jackson at his popular apex, swerving effortlessly from honeyed balladry to sweat-drenched dance tracks. The New Jack Swing-ing \u201cIn the Closet\u201d and the inspirational \u201cHeal the World\u201d find his talent transcending the scrutiny of his superstardom. Spinning to a close with \"You Rock My World,\" from his tenth and final studio album, Invincible, this well-selected anthology is a concise single-volume primer on Jackson\u2019s singular career. [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] Best way to get all jackson's hits!!!! [PAR] [PAR] by pandmmac [PAR] If you're looking for a way to get all of michael jackson's classics, this is the album for you! And it's a fantastic price for all the songs that you get. When trying to purchase his top rated songs, its very frustrating, because many of the songs are not available for download in the USA. I was about ready to give up on adding him to my ipod when I found this. So I was thrilled when I came across this album! After listening to all the songs on this album, these are the classic versions of the songs, not fake or imitation versions. [PAR] LOVE [PAR] [PAR] by reva. [PAR] everyone loves him. no matter what they say. everyone knows his songs and sings them in the shower [PAR] Michael, gone too soon... but your legend lives on... [PAR] [PAR] by phyllisa [PAR] ...even though for many years now, you've been derided and neglected. It's so sad that it takes your death for people to start remembering the greatness of your music. Nevertheless, dedicated fans (myself included!) will continue to believe in you and your art. Thank you for sharing your genius with us for so many years, for being such a big part of our lives - we believe you've now found the long-deserved peace you've been fighting for. We miss you greatly. This compilation is a comprehensive collection of Michael's work over the years, and shows off how he shattered barriers of all kinds through his music and the belief he held for it, and for the world. For those who are not really familiar with Michael's songs (i.e., those who don't own many of his albums), this is a great place to start. For those looking out for lesser known songs, another great album to own is \"Michael Jackson - The Ultimate Collection\". Let's keep his music alive and help people to know and remember why he will always be the incomparable and unsurpassable King of Pop! [PAR] Biography [PAR] Born: August 29, 1958 in Gary, IN [PAR] Genre: Pop [PAR] Years Active: '60s, '70s, '80s, '90s, '00s [PAR] Michael Jackson wasn't merely the biggest pop star of his era, shaping the sound and style of the '70s and '80s; he was one of the defining stars of the 20th century, a musician who changed the contours of American culture. A preternaturally gifted singer and dancer, Jackson first rose to stardom in 1969 as the 11-year-old frontman for his family's band, the Jackson 5. As remarkable a run"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Korean War: The Chinese Intervention - history.army.mil The Korean War: The Chinese Intervention [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Korean War was the first major armed clash between Free World and Communist forces, as the so-called Cold War turned hot. The half-century that now separates us from that conflict, however, has dimmed our collective memory. Many Korean War veterans have considered themselves forgotten, their place in history sandwiched between the sheer size of World War II and the fierce controversies of the Vietnam War. The recently built Korean War Veterans Memorial on the National Mall and the upcoming fiftieth anniversary commemorative events should now provide well-deserved recognition. I hope that this series of brochures on the campaigns of the Korean War will have a similar effect. [PAR] The Korean War still has much to teach us: about military preparedness, about global strategy, about combined operations in a military alliance facing blatant aggression, and about the courage and perseverance of the individual soldier. The modern world still lives with the consequences of a divided Korea and with a militarily strong, economically weak, and unpredictable North Korea. The Korean War was waged on land, on sea, and in the air over and near the Korean peninsula. It lasted three years, the first of which was a seesaw struggle for control of the peninsula, followed by two years of positional warfare as a backdrop to extended cease-fire negotiations. The following essay is one of five accessible and readable studies designed to enhance understanding of the U.S. Army\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds role and achievements in the Korean conflict. [PAR] During the next several years the Army will be involved in many fiftieth anniversary activities, from public ceremonies and staff rides to professional development discussions and formal classroom training. The commemoration will be supported by the publication of various materials to help educate Americans about the war. These works will provide great opportunities to learn about this important period in the Army\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds heritage of service to the nation. [PAR] This brochure was prepared in the U.S. Army Center of Military History by Richard W. Stewart. I hope this absorbing account, with its list of further readings, will stimulate further study and reflection. A complete listing of the Center of Military History\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds available works on the Korean War is included in the Center\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds online catalog: http://www.history.army.mil/catalog/index.html . [PAR] JOHN S. BROWN [PAR] The Chinese Intervention [PAR] 3 November 1950-24 January 1951 [PAR] They came out of the hills near Unsan, North Korea, blowing bugles in the dying light of day on 1 November 1950, throwing grenades and firing their \"burp\" guns at the surprised American soldiers of the 8th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. Those who survived the initial assaults reported how shaken the spectacle of massed Chinese infantry had left them. Thousands of Chinese had attacked from the north, northwest, and west against scattered U.S. and South Korean (Republic of Korea or ROK) units moving deep into North Korea. The Chinese seemed to come out of nowhere as they swarmed around the flanks and over the defensive positions of the surprised United Nations (UN) troops. Within hours the ROK 15th Regiment on the 8th Cavalry\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds right flank collapsed, while the 1st and 2d Battalions of the 8th Cavalry fell back in disarray into the city of Unsan. By morning, with their positions being overrun and their guns falling silent, the men of the 8th Cavalry tried to withdraw, but a Chinese roadblock to their rear forced them to abandon their artillery, and the men took to the hills in small groups. Only a few scattered survivors made"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arnold Schwarzenegger - Biography - IMDb Arnold Schwarzenegger - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Arnold Schwarzenegger [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 733 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (9) | Trivia (146) | Personal Quotes (550) | Salary (22) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] With an almost unpronounceable surname and a thick Austrian accent, who would have ever believed that a brash, quick talking bodybuilder from a small European village would become one of Hollywood's biggest stars, marry into the prestigious Kennedy family, amass a fortune via shrewd investments and one day be the Governor of California!? [PAR] The amazing story of megastar Arnold Schwarzenegger is a true \"rags to riches\" tale of a penniless immigrant making it in the land of opportunity, the United States of America. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born July 30, 1947, in the town of Thal, Styria, Austria, to Aurelia (Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger, the local police chief. From a young age, he took a keen interest in physical fitness and bodybuilding, going on to compete in several minor contests in Europe. However, it was when he emigrated to the United States in 1968 at the tender age of 21 that his star began to rise. [PAR] Up until the early 1970s, bodybuilding had been viewed as a rather oddball sport, or even a mis-understood \"freak show\" by the general public, however two entrepreneurial Canadian brothers Ben Weider and Joe Weider set about broadening the appeal of \"pumping iron\" and getting the sport respect, and what better poster boy could they have to lead the charge, then the incredible \"Austrian Oak\", Arnold Schwarzenegger. Over roughly the next decade, beginning in 1970, Schwarzenegger dominated the sport of competitive bodybuilding winning five Mr. Universe titles and seven Mr. Olympia titles and, with it, he made himself a major sports icon, he generated a new international audience for bodybuilding, gym memberships worldwide swelled by the tens of thousands and the Weider sports business empire flourished beyond belief and reached out to all corners of the globe. However, Schwarzenegger's horizons were bigger than just the landscape of bodybuilding and he debuted on screen as \"Arnold Strong\" in the low budget Hercules in New York (1970), then director Bob Rafelson cast Arnold in Stay Hungry (1976) alongside Jeff Bridges and Sally Field , for which Arnold won a Golden Globe Award for \"Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture\". The mesmerizing Pumping Iron (1977) covering the 1975 Mr Olympia contest in South Africa has since gone on to become one of the key sports documentaries of the 20th century, plus Arnold landed other acting roles in the comedy The Villain (1979) opposite Kirk Douglas , and he portrayed Mickey Hargitay in the well- received TV movie The Jayne Mansfield Story (1980). [PAR] What Arnold really needed was a super hero / warrior style role in a lavish production that utilized his chiseled physique, and gave him room to show off his growing acting talents and quirky humor. Conan the Barbarian (1982) was just that role. Inspired by the Robert E. Howard short stories of the \"Hyborean Age\" and directed by gung ho director John Milius , and with a largely unknown cast, save Max von Sydow and James Earl Jones , \"Conan\" was a smash hit worldwide and an inferior, although still enjoyable sequel titled Conan the Destroyer (1984) quickly followed. If \"Conan\" was the kick start to Arnold's movie career, then his next role was to put the pedal to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maurice Chevalier - Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from ... Maurice Chevalier - Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from Gigi) Lyrics [PAR] Maurice Chevalier [PAR] Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from Gigi) [PAR] Maurice Chevalier - Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from Gigi) Lyrics [PAR] Rated 2.72 out of 4 stars [PAR] \u2605 [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls [PAR] for little girls get bigger every day! [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls [PAR] they grow up in the most delightful way! [PAR] Those little eyes so helpless and appealing [PAR] one day will flash and send you crashin' thru the ceilin' [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls [PAR] thank heaven for them all, [PAR] no matter where no matter who [PAR] for without them, what would little boys do? [PAR] Thank heaven... thank heaven... [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls! [PAR] All lyrics are property and copyright of their owners. All lyrics provided for educational purposes only.[DOC] [TLE] Chevalier Gigi - YouTube Chevalier Gigi - YouTube [PAR] Chevalier Gigi [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 9, 2007 [PAR] Thank Heaven for the little girls [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On This Day: The Queen Elizabeth Catches Fire in Hong Kong ... On This Day: The Queen Elizabeth Catches Fire in Hong Kong Harbor [PAR] Fireboats spray water in vain on the burning Queen Elizabeth, Jan. 9, 1972. [PAR] On This Day: The Queen Elizabeth Catches Fire in Hong Kong Harbor [PAR] January 09, 2011 06:00 AM [PAR] by findingDulcinea Staff [PAR] On Jan. 9, 1972, the British ocean liner Queen Elizabeth burst into flames and sank in Victoria Harbour. Although the fires were determined to be the work of arsonists, no one has ever been charged with the crime. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth Capsizes [PAR] The RMS Queen Elizabeth, a 83,000-ton ocean liner, was the largest ship in the world when it launched in 1938. It was retired 30 years later and subsequently purchased by Chinese shipping tycoon C.Y. Tung, who brought the ship to Hong Kong to be converted to a floating school called \u201cSeawise University.\u201d [PAR] On the morning of Sunday, Jan. 9, 1972, while the Queen Elizabeth was anchored in Hong Kong\u2019s Victoria Harbour, a series of fires suddenly broke out aboard the ship , forcing hundreds of visiting shipyard workers and their families to evacuate the ship. [PAR] John A. Hudson, an Englishman who had sailed his own boat into Hong Kong Harbor, describes watching the fire : \u201cWhat caught our attention from a distance across the water was smoke coming from the ship's portholes; not just one or two portholes but from almost all of them from stem to stern on one side. \u2026 What had started as puffs of smoke from portholes turned into a raging inferno in the upper superstructure generating huge volumes of smoke. This, over only a three hour period. [PAR] Firefighting boats tried to extinguish the fire for the next 24 hours, but they could not prevent the ship from capsizing. \u201cNext day, with her upper decks collapsed and her massive steel hull buckled like so much soggy cardboard, the ship, still burning, keeled over,\u201d wrote Time. \u201cThe Queen had died.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breeds> Basset Hounds > Dog the dog (Columbo) - TV Acres TV ACRES: Dogs > Breeds> Basset Hounds > Dog the dog (Columbo) [PAR] Basset Hounds [PAR] Dog the dog - Basset hound seen on episodes of the police drama COLUMBO/NBC/1971-77/ABC/1989-91. [PAR] Dog was owned by Lt. Columbo (Peter Falk), a seemingly incompetent homicide detective who always got his man. The choice of a droopy-eared basset hound perfectly matched the disheveled police officer who wore a dirty raincoat, drove a disheveled Peugeot and smoked cigars. [PAR] Columbo found Dog at the pound on the NBC MYSTERY MOVIE \"Etude in Black.\" Dog made further appearances in the COLUMBO movies Catch Me, Forgotten Ladu, Make Me A Perfect Murder, and Now You See Him. [PAR] When it came to naming his pooch, the Lieutenant considered a number of names like Fido, Jet, Munich and Beethoven, but eventually, he just settled on \"Dog\" because as he once explained \"He's a dog so we call him Dog.\" [PAR] Columbo's dog liked to eat ice cream, watch TV, swim in the neighbor's pool and visit the beach. [PAR] When Columbo sent his dog to obedience school hoping to improve the canine (\"he just sits around the house and drools\"), he was expelled because \"he demoralizes the other students.\" [PAR] Ray Berwick owned and trained Dog who in real life was called Henry. Henry had also appeared on the medical drama EMERGENCY/NBC/1972-77 as the the mascot for Los Angeles County Squad 51 firehouse who just sat about and yawned. [PAR] TRIVIA NOTE: On the NBC produced episodes, Columbo's dog was originally called Fang. The spin-off series KATE LOVES A MYSTERY (MRS. COLUMBO)/NBC/1979 featured the wife of Detective Columbo, Kate Columbo (Kate Mulgrew) who owned a lazy basset hound dog named Whitefang. [PAR] Dog (a.k.a. \"Higgins\") was also the name of the family pet on the sitcom PETTICOAT JUNCTION/CBS/1963-70. [PAR] External Links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film History Before 1920 - Filmsite.org Film History Before 1920 [PAR] 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s [PAR] The Lumiere Brothers and the Cinematographe: [PAR] The innovative Lumiere brothers in France, Louis and Auguste (often called \"the founding fathers of modern film\"), who worked in a Lyons factory that manufactured photographic equipment and supplies, were inspired by Edison's work. They created their own combo movie camera and projector - a more portable, hand-held and lightweight device that could be cranked by hand and could project movie images to several spectators. It was dubbed the Cinematographe and patented in February, 1895. The multi-purpose device (combining camera, printer and projecting capabilities in the same housing) was more profitable because more than a single spectator could watch the film on a large screen. They used a film width of 35mm, and a speed of 16 frames per second - an industry norm until the talkies. By the advent of sound film in the late 1920s, 24 fps became the standard. [PAR] The first public test and demonstration of the Lumieres' camera-projector system (the Cinematographe) was made on March 22, 1895, in the Lumieres' basement. During the private screening to a scientific conference - a trial run for their public screening later at the end of the year (see below), they caused a sensation with their first film, Workers [PAR] Leaving the Lumiere Factory (La Sortie des Ouviers de L'Usine Lumiere a Lyon), although it only consisted of an everyday outdoor image - factory workers leaving the Lumiere factory gate for home or for a lunch break. [PAR] As generally acknowledged, cinema (a word derived from Cinematographe) was born on December 28, 1895, in Paris, France. The Lumieres presented the first commercial and public exhibition of a projected motion picture to a paying public in the world's first movie theatre - in the Salon Indien, at the Grand Cafe on Paris' Boulevard des Capucines. [In 1897, a cinema building was built in Paris, solely for the purpose of showing films.] It has often been considered \"the birth of film\" or \"the First Cinema\" since the Cinematographe was the first advanced projector (not experimental) and the first to be offered for sale. [PAR] The 20-minute program included ten short films with twenty showings a day. These factual shorts (or mini-documentaries), termed actualities, with the mundane quality of home movies, included the following: [PAR] La Sortie des Ouviers de L'Usine Lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 Lyon (1895) (Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory) (46 seconds) [PAR] La Voltige (1895) (Horse Trick Riders) (46 seconds) [PAR] La P\u00eache aux Poissons Rouges (1895) (Fishing for Goldfish) (42 seconds) [PAR] Le D\u00e9barquement du Congr\u00e8s de Photographie \u00e0 Lyon (1895) (The Disembarkment of the Congress of Photographers in Lyon) (48 seconds) [PAR] Les Forgerons (1895) (Blacksmiths) (49 seconds) [PAR] Le Jardinier (l'Arroseur Arros\u00e9) (The Gardener or The Sprinkler Sprinkled) (1895) (49 seconds) [PAR] Le Repas (de B\u00e9b\u00e9) (1895) (Baby's Meal) (41 seconds) [PAR] Le Saut \u00e0 la Couverture (1895) (Jumping onto the Blanket) (41 seconds) [PAR] La Place des Cordeliers \u00e0 Lyon (1895) (Cordeliers Square in Lyon) (44 seconds) [PAR] La Mer (Baignade en Mer) (1895) (Bathing in the Sea) (38 seconds) [PAR] The ten shorts included the famous first comedy (# 6) of a gardener with a watering hose (aka The Sprinkler Sprinkled, Waterer and Watered, or L'Arrouseur Arrose), the factory worker short (# 1, see above), a sequence (# 9) of a horse-drawn carriage approaching toward the camera, and a scene (# 7) of the feeding of a baby. The Lumieres also became known for their 50-second"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] #219 Meryl Streep / Alan Osmond / Lindsay Wagner \u2013 22 June ... #219 Meryl Streep / Alan Osmond / Lindsay Wagner \u2013 22 June 1949 | Born On The Same Day [PAR] Born On The Same Day [PAR] Posted on January 29, 2011 by Born On The Same Day [PAR] Meryl Streep [PAR] Mary Louise \u201cMeryl\u201d Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is widely regarded as one of the most talented and respected actors of the modern era. Streep has received 16 Academy Award nominations, winning two, and 25 Golden Globe nominations, winning seven, more nominations than any other actor in the history of either award. Her work has also earned her two Emmy Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, a Cannes Film Festival award, four New York Film Critics Circle Awards, five Grammy Award nominations, a BAFTA award, an Australian Film Institute Award and a Tony Award nomination, amongst others. She was awarded the American Film Institute\u2019s Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004. [PAR] Alan Osmond [PAR] Alan Ralph Osmond (born on June 22, 1949 in Ogden, Utah, United States) was a member of the family musical group The Osmonds. He was the oldest of the seven siblings who could sing, as the two oldest brothers, Virl and Tom, are hearing impaired. During much of the Osmonds\u2019 career, Alan was the leader of the group. Today he performs only rarely because he has multiple sclerosis. [PAR] Lindsay Wagner [PAR] Lindsay Jean Wagner (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress. She is probably most widely known for her portrayal of Jaime Sommers in the 1970s television series The Bionic Woman (for which she won an Emmy award). [PAR] Links:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Supreme Court upholds national prohibition, 1920 | The ... The Supreme Court upholds national prohibition, 1920 | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] The Supreme Court upholds national prohibition, 1920 [PAR] A primary source by Wayne B. Wheeler [PAR] After more than a century of activism, the temperance movement achieved its signal victory with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the US Constitution in 1919. The amendment abolished \u201cthe manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors,\u201d and provided for \u201cconcurrent\u201d federal and state authority to enforce the ban. It was controversial from its inception: it did not define \u201cintoxicating liquors,\u201d it did not specifically forbid the purchase of alcohol, it established \u201cconcurrent\u201d state and federal enforcement but did not provide any means for enforcement, and its constitutionality was in question. [PAR] To provide for enforcement of the amendment, a powerful lobbying group called the Anti-Saloon League, led by its top lawyer, Wayne B. Wheeler, devised the National Prohibition Act, also known as the Volstead Act. Though the law\u2019s wording was confusing, it defined intoxicating liquors as anything over 0.5% alcohol by volume. It also laid the groundwork for federal and state responsibility to prosecute violators. President Woodrow Wilson\u2019s veto of the law was swiftly overridden by Congress in October 1919. The constitutionality of the new law and the amendment itself were challenged in a series of legal cases that were brought before the US Supreme Court as the National Prohibition Cases (1920). In this document, Wheeler reviewed the meaning of the Court\u2019s decision to uphold the law: [PAR] The decision will go down in history as one of the great judicial landmarks in the progress of our civilization. There will be an effort in Congress and in the State Legislatures to nullify the law, and we will meet the practical problem of law enforcement for years to come, but this decision will be the judicial foundation upon which prohibition will rest through the ages. [PAR] Thirteen years later, the Twenty-first Amendment was ratified, overturning the Eighteenth Amendment and ending national prohibition in 1933. [PAR] View images of the entire document here . [PAR] Questions for Discussion [PAR] You are seeing this page because you are not currently logged into our website. If you would like to access this page and you are not logged in, please login or register for a gilderlehrman.org account, and then visit the link that brought you to this notice. Thanks![DOC] [TLE] Prohibition - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Prohibition - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Origins of Prohibition [PAR] In the 1820s and \u201930s, a wave of religious revivalism swept the United States, leading to increased calls for temperance, as well as other \u201cperfectionist\u201d movements such as the abolition of slavery. In 1838, the state of Massachusetts passed a temperance law banning the sale of spirits in less than 15-gallon quantities; though the law was repealed two years later, it set a precedent for such legislation. Maine passed the first state prohibition law in 1846, and a number of other states had followed suit by the time the Civil War began in 1861. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated the incumbent President Herbert Hoover, who once called Prohibition \"the great social and economic experiment, noble in motive and far reaching in purpose.\" Some say FDR celebrated the repeal of Prohibition by enjoying a dirty martini, his preferred drink. [PAR] By the turn of the century, temperance societies were a common fixture in communities"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teapot Dome Scandal | United States history | Britannica.com Teapot Dome Scandal | United States history | Britannica.com [PAR] United States history [PAR] Alternative Titles: Elk Hills Scandal, Oil Reserves Scandal [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] petroleum [PAR] Teapot Dome Scandal, also called Oil Reserves Scandal or Elk Hills Scandal, in American history, scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall . After Pres. Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921, Fall secretly granted to Harry F. Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7, 1922). He granted similar rights to Edward L. Doheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921\u201322). [PAR] A 1924 cartoon depicting Washington officials racing down an oil-slicked road to the White House, \u2026 [PAR] The Granger Collection, New York [PAR] Albert Bacon Fall. [PAR] Harris & Ewing Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (Digital File Number: LC-DIG-hec-17141) [PAR] When these leases and contracts came under investigation by committees of the U.S. Senate, it was disclosed that shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease, Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200,000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair and others receiving benefits from the lease. Also, it appeared that prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases, Doheny, at Fall\u2019s request, sent $100,000 in currency to Fall as a \u201cloan\u201d that had not been repaid. [PAR] When the affair became known, Congress directed President Harding to cancel the leases; the Supreme Court declared the leases fraudulent and ruled illegal Harding\u2019s transfer of authority to Fall. Although the president himself was not implicated in the transactions that had followed the transfer, the revelations of his associates\u2019 misconduct took a severe toll on his health; disillusioned and exhausted, he died before the full extent of the wrongdoing had been determined. Fall was convicted of accepting a bribe in the Elk Hills negotiations and imprisoned. Doheny and Sinclair were acquitted of charges of bribery and criminal conspiracy , but Sinclair spent 6 1/2 months in prison for contempt of court and contempt of the U.S. Senate. Although the secretary of the navy, Edwin Denby, had signed all the leases, he was cleared of all charges. While \u201cTeapot Dome\u201d entered the American political vocabulary as a synonym for governmental corruption, the scandal had little long-term effect on the Republican Party . Calvin Coolidge , a Republican , was elected president in 1924. [PAR] Political cartoon depicting the Teapot Dome Scandal of the early 1920s. [PAR] JT Vintage/age fotostock[DOC] [TLE] Graft and Oil: How Teapot Dome Became the Greatest ... Graft and Oil: How Teapot Dome Became the Greatest Political Scandal of Its Time | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] Graft and Oil: How Teapot Dome Became the Greatest Political Scandal of Its Time [PAR] by Robert W. Cherny [PAR] In the 1920s, Teapot Dome became synonymous with government corruption and the scandals arising out of the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Since then, it has sometimes been used to symbolize the power and influence of oil companies in American politics. In the days before Watergate, one historian called it \u201cthe greatest and most sensational scandal in the history of American"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hook (1991) - IMDb Hook (1991) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When Captain Hook kidnaps his children, an adult Peter Pan must return to Neverland and reclaim his youthful spirit in order to challenge his old enemy. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 24 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 08 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 08 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 15 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 06 Mar 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Hook \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 5 Oscars. Another 5 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After a bitter divorce, an actor disguises himself as a female housekeeper to spend time with his children held in custody by his former wife. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] When two kids find and play a magical board game, they release a man trapped for decades in it and a host of dangers that can only be stopped by finishing the game. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] The scientist father of a teenage girl and boy accidentally shrinks his and two other neighborhood teens to the size of insects. Now the teens must fight diminutive dangers as the father searches for them. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] A troubled child summons the courage to help a friendly alien escape Earth and return to his home world. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A martial arts master agrees to teach karate to a bullied teenager. [PAR] Director: John G. Avildsen [PAR] A toon-hating detective is a cartoon rabbit's only hope to prove his innocence when he is accused of murder. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] In order to save their home from foreclosure, a group of misfits set out to find a pirate's ancient valuable treasure. [PAR] Director: Richard Donner [PAR] A troubled boy dives into a wondrous fantasy world through the pages of a mysterious book. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] Daniel accompanies his mentor to Okinawa who is off to see his dying father and confront his old rival, while Daniel inadvertently makes an enemy of his own. [PAR] Director: John G. Avildsen [PAR] A newly recruited night security guard at the Museum of Natural History discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc. [PAR] Director: Shawn Levy [PAR] When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. [PAR] Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker [PAR] Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin [PAR] Story of a wonderful little girl, who happens to be a genius, and her wonderful teacher vs. the worst parents ever and the worst school principal imaginable. [PAR] Director: Danny DeVito [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Peter Pan (Williams) has grown up to be a cut-throat merger"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Year of the Tiger: Zodiac Luck, Romance, Personality.. Year of the Tiger: Zodiac Luck, Romance, Personality.. [PAR] Years of the Tiger include 1914, 1926, 1938, 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010, and 2022. [PAR] You can use the tool on the right to find your zodiac animal sign. [PAR] The Tiger\u2019s Personality: Brave, Confident... [PAR] People born in the year of the Tiger are brave, competitive, unpredictable, and self-confident. They are very charming and well-liked by others. But sometimes they are likely to be impetuous, irritable, and overindulged. [PAR] With stubborn personalities and tough judgment, tigers work actively and boldly express themselves, and do things with a high-handed manner. They are authoritative and never go back on what they have said. [PAR] With great confidence and indomitable fortitude, they can be competent leaders. They will not make preparations for anything, but they can handle anything that comes along. [PAR] While they are not motivated by money or power, [PAR] Tigers love be challenged and will accept any challenge if it means important value to them, and they do not like to obey others. [PAR] Good Health for \u201cTigers\u201d [PAR] Tigers enjoy good health. They are active so they like to do various sports. Small illnesses, such as colds, coughs, and fever, are rarely experienced by Tigers. [PAR] However, they should avoid excessive strenuous exercise, because some dangerous activities may lead to physical harm. When involved in outdoor excise, they should pay particular attention to warm-up exercise. Aerobic exercises, such as jogging, are suitable for keeping fit. [PAR] Tigers are energetic and have great enthusiasm at work. When they feel exhausted after extended work, they need some relaxation to refresh themselves. [PAR] The Best Jobs or Career for Tigers [PAR] The Tiger, called \u201cthe king of the animals\" in China, is usually the center of attention. They are born with leadership, and they are respected by others. Tigers are suitable to any career as leaders. [PAR] They are suited to careers such as advertising agent, office manager, travel agent, actor, writer, artist, pilot, flight attendant, musician, comedian, and chauffeur. [PAR] However, in their early years, Tigers\u2019 careers are not so smooth. After their thirties they find their direction and gather wealth. [PAR] How to Build Relationships with \"Tigers\" [PAR] In social relationships, Tigers are always in the dominant role. [PAR] Due to mistrust and over confidence, Tigers do not like to communicate with others, so they are not good at coordinating in social circles. They are inclined to use commanding means to deal with interpersonal relationships. Even though they are acquainted with a lot of people, they do not further the relationships to deep friendship. [PAR] Understanding, patience, and tact are needed when dealing with Tigers. [PAR] In love relationships, Tigers cannot give sweet love to their partners because they lack a sense of romance. Partners need to be equally active to keep up with the Tiger\u2019s sense of adventure. [PAR] The Luckiest Things for \u201cTigers\u201d [PAR] Lucky numbers: 1, 3, and 4 and numbers containing them (like 13 and 43) [PAR] Lucky days: the 16th and 27th of any Chinese lunar calendar month [PAR] Lucky colors: blue, gray, orange [PAR] Lucky flowers: yellow lily, cineraria [PAR] Lucky direction: east, north, south [PAR] Lucky months: the 3rd, 7th, and 10th Chinese lunar months. [PAR] Things That Should Be Avoided by \u201cTigers\u201d [PAR] Unlucky colors: brown [PAR] Unlucky months: the 1st, 4th, 5th and 11th Chinese lunar months [PAR] Is Year 2017 a Lucky Year for \"Tigers\"? [PAR] The fortune trend for Tigers is rather gloomy in 2017, and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Brendel: 'I am a pessimist who enjoys being ... Alfred Brendel: 'I am a pessimist who enjoys being pleasantly surprised' | Interview | Music | The Guardian [PAR] The Observer [PAR] Alfred Brendel: 'I am a pessimist who enjoys being pleasantly surprised' [PAR] As he is feted with a lifetime achievement award, the peerless concert pianist Alfred Brendel reflects on life two years after retirement \u2013 the pleasures of art, going to concerts, the sonatas he still plays at home\u2026 and the particular joy of C minor [PAR] Alfred Brendel at his home in Hampstead, north London, September 2010. Photographed for the Observer by Sophia Evans [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Bewilderment is stamped on the famous wrinkled brow of Alfred Brendel KBE when he opens his north London front door. \"Have you come with the luggage?\" My bags and umbrella may constitute baggage, but hardly luggage. \"I thought,\" he continues, checking his watch anxiously, \"yo [PAR] u might be the man with the suitcase. They said he'd come now. But he hasn't\u2026\" Out of this halting dialogue, which begins to feel worthy of Pinter \u2013 to name only one of Brendel's many illustrious, in this case lamented, friends \u2013 it emerges that he has just arrived back from Salzburg. His bags have been lost. Even the world's most celebrated retired pianist is prey to airline incompetence. [PAR] Agreeing to listen out for the doorbell, we move into a graceful, small drawing room at the front of the house, more like a receiving room from another era where you might give your card to a maid and wait in hope. The contents of floor-to-ceiling bookshelves reflect his formidably well-stocked mind \u2013 poetry, literature, philosophy and countless art catalogues. Coffee and biscuits have been carefully laid out, enough for several visitors, by some invisible hand. But Brendel, dressed in his familiar, comfortable tweedy attire with a slate-grey jumper which complements his eyes, though he'd probably be appalled at the idea, is alone, dealing with comings and goings himself. [PAR] Whereas privately his friends delight in his clever, zany humour and mercurial mental energy, his public persona can seem a little remote. Today, however, suitcase problems aside, he is smilingly at ease. He has good reason. He has just been honoured with Gramophone magazine's lifetime achievement award, the ultimate recording industry accolade, entirely fitting for a man whose studio career spans 52 years and who has probably issued more discs than any other single living pianist. [PAR] \"It's certainly gratifying to find one has not been forgotten already,\" he says, a little of the old stiff formality returning. Seeing my expression of sheer disbelief \u2013 recalling the black-market tickets for his series of farewell concerts two years ago and the high-emotion response they engendered, the talk of a massive Brendel-shaped hole being left in concert life, knowing that he still has a huge following the world over who turn out to hear him lecture \u2013 he allows himself a warm, crinkly grin. Moreover, he is regarded by colleagues as the \"musicians' musician\" as well as the \"pianists' mentor\". Not, then, so easy to forget. [PAR] Brendel's thoughts, unexpected and spirited though they always are, follow a clear line. If you throw him a question, he will answer it and await the next one. He is precise and logical, his sentences well-shaped through a still strong and charming Austrian accent. His writings on music, published in two books and a collection, have become classics in their field. Now, to be sure of accuracy, he presents me with two"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theodore Francis Green State Airport, Providence RI Theodore Francis Green State Airport, Providence RI [PAR] Hotels Near the Airport [PAR] T. F. Green Airport (sometimes called T. F. Green International Airport) (IATA: PVD, ICAO: KPVD, FAA LID: PVD) [PAR] , also known as Theodore Francis Green State Airport and Providence International Airport is located in Warwick, six miles (10 km) south of Providence, in Kent County, Rhode Island, USA. Completely rebuilt in 1996, it was the first state-owned airport in the United States. [PAR] Providence International Airport is a popular alternative to Boston, Massachusetts' often busy Logan International Airport, as delays and wait time are minimal. [PAR] There are two terminals with two concourses, North and South. The South Concourse has eight gates, and the North Concourse has 14 gates. Gate 8 is designed for international arrivals for use by Air Canada and SATA International flights; it is directly connected to customs, which is on the lower level of the concourse. The terminal contains a number of stores and restaurants, and a central food court. [PAR] Local Time: 17-Jan-2017 12:02 AM [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright 2017, Providence-Airport.com, not the official airport website"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Demi Moore - Biography - IMDb Demi Moore - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Demi Moore [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 122 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (71) | Personal Quotes (29) | Salary (13) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 5\" (1.65 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Demi Moore was born on November 11, 1962, in Roswell, New Mexico. Her father, Charles Foster Harmon, Sr., left her mother, Virginia Beverly (King), before Demi was born. Her stepfather, Danny Guynes, did not add much stability to her life, either. He frequently changed jobs and made the family move a total of 40 times. The parents kept on drinking, arguing and beating, until Guynes finally committed suicide. Demi quit school at age 16 to work as a pin-up-girl. At 18, she married rock musician Freddy Moore ; the marriage lasted four years. At 19, she became a regular on the soap opera General Hospital (1963) (1982-1983). From the first salaries, she started partying and sniffing cocaine. That lasted more than three years, until director Joel Schumacher threatened to fire her from the set of St. Elmo's Fire (1985) when she turned up high. She got a withdrawal treatment and returned clean within a week... and stayed clean. With determination and a skill for publicity stunts, like the nude appearance on the cover of Vanity Fair while pregnant, she made her way to fame. Thanks to the huge commercial success of Ghost (1990) and the controversial pictures Indecent Proposal (1993) and Disclosure (1994), she became Hollywood's most sought-after and most expensive actress. [PAR] In 2009, Demi Moore and spouse Ashton Kutcher launched The Demi and Ashton Foundation, a non-profit, non-governmental organization directed towards fighting child sexual slavery. Its first campaign in \"Real Men Don't Buy Girls\". On April 23, 2011, Demi and Ashton appeared together for their first on-air interview on CNN's Piers Morgan Tonight (2011) to promote their foundation and start the work towards ending child sexual slavery. The foundation's website enables people to educate themselves, show support and take action or make a donation. They first got involved in the issue in 2008 and that a great deal of the early work just involved starting discussions, raising awareness and creating urgency. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Tom Zoerner < Tom.Zoerner@informatik.uni-erlangen.de> / rob clement [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Trivia (71) [PAR] Hired three cameramen to videotape the birth of her first child. [PAR] Bruce and Demi announce they are ending their marriage of eleven years. No reasons given. [June 1998] [PAR] Chosen by People (USA) magazine as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World. [1996] [PAR] Was once engaged to Emilio Estevez . [PAR] She posed nude while seven months pregnant with daughter Scout LaRue Willis for a 1991 Vanity Fair magazine cover. In August 1992, she again posed nude for Vanity Fair, this time wearing body paint that resembled a man's suit. [PAR] Stripped on Late Show with David Letterman (1993), allegedly to disprove rumors that she's too fat for her new movie Striptease (1996). [PAR] Owns a production company: \"Moving Pictures\". [PAR] She appeared in John Parr 's music video \"St. Elmo's Fire (Man In Motion)\". [PAR] Listed as one of twelve \"Promising New Actors of 1986\" in John Willis's Screen World, Vol. 38. [PAR] In order to play a coke addict, Jules, in St. Elmo's Fire (1985), she had to sign a contract stipulating that she would stop her own alcohol and drug abuse, an agreement that caused her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London population predicted to near 10 million within a ... London population predicted to near 10 million within a decade as England continues to grow | The Independent [PAR] Home News [PAR] London population predicted to near 10 million within a decade as England continues to grow [PAR] The ONS expects 315 out of England's 324 local authorities to see their population increase over the period [PAR] Wednesday 25 May 2016 14:36 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] The ONS expects London to have 9,708,000 residents by mid-2024 iStock [PAR] The population of London is expected to near 10 million people within a decade as the capital remains the fastest-growing region in England. [PAR] According to the Office for National Statistics\u2019 (ONS) latest population predictions, there will be by 9.7 million residents in the city by the middle of 2024 and the rate shows no sign of slowing. [PAR] Suzie Dunsmith, from the ONS\u2019 population projections unit, said: \u201cAll regions of England are projected to see an increase in their population size over the next decade, with London, the East of England and South East projected to grow faster than the country as a whole. [PAR] \u201cThe population is also ageing with all regions seeing a faster growth in those aged 65 and over than in younger age groups.\u201d [PAR] Nine out of 10 fastest-growing local authorities are in London, with the eastern boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Barking and Dagenham and Newham topping the charts, while the only area outside the capital in the top 10 is Corby. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Britain's human landscape: Oxford university's Professor Danny Dorling has created an atlas of the UK's population [PAR] The Northamptonshire town is forecast to expand by 17 per cent over 10 years, seeing its population rise to 76,000. [PAR] The East and South East of England are also growing faster than the national average, at 8.9 per cent and 8.1 per cent respectively. [PAR] All regions of the country are expected to see their populations but the slowest increase expected by the ONS is in the North East, on 3.1 per cent, followed by the North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. [PAR] But the number of residents in nine out of 324 local authority areas is predicted to decline, including Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, which is projected to see its population fall by 2,900 people, or 4.3 per cent in the period. [PAR] Overcrowding in London - London Live [PAR] Seven of the decreasing areas are in the North West, including Blackpool and Burnley, with one, Redcar and Cleveland, in the North East and another, Richmondshire, in Yorkshire and The Humber. [PAR] \u201cIt should be noted that the projections reflect current trends and do not take into account the ability of an area to accommodate any extra population,\u201d a spokesperson for the ONS said. [PAR] \u201cThe primary purpose of the subnational projections is to provide an estimate of the future size and age structure of the population for regions, local authorities and Clinical Commissioning Groups in England. \u201cThese are used as a common framework for informing local-level policy and planning in a number of different fields.\u201d [PAR] UK news in pictures [PAR] The Ivy Restaurant in London as it celebrates its 100th anniversary [PAR] PA wire [PAR] A general view of a Green Plaque unveiled to celebrate 100 years of the Ivy [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] The coffin of Jill Saward leaves Lichfield Cathedral after her funeral service in Lichfield, England [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] 4/28 17 January 2017 [PAR] The funeral cortege of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why did Clarice Cliff become so famous? - The Potteries Why did Clarice Cliff become so famous? [PAR] [PAR] Why did Clarice Cliff become so famous? [PAR] Leonard Griffin, author of five books on Clarice, and founder of the Clarice Cliff Collectors Club, talks about the woman behind the art. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] When I bought my first piece of Clarice Cliff pottery in 1979 many antique dealers had not even heard of her. Some referred to her \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdClarence\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Cliff! The startling contrast between designs such as Crocus and Lugano; or shapes such as her Yo Yo vase and the very traditional My Garden ware, was puzzling. How could ONE person have designed such a diversity of designs? [PAR] At the time there had been just one book about her, published in 1976 and was out of print. However, I finally managed to get a copy of the L\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdOdeon Clarice Cliff book, and devoured its contents eagerly. The more I learned about her pottery and life the more I become thoroughly engrossed. This was a very exciting time as many of the pieces I found were not in the book. What were to become her most famous creations, the classic Age of Jazz figures, were shown only in archive black and white photographs. It was clear there was much to discover. [PAR] Such is the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdspell\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd cast by Clarice\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds art that today posters, books and her personal [PAR] possessions are all sought by enthusiasts. Yet the early eighties saw a quiet build in interest, so fortunately I managed to assemble a collection in the days when pieces cost tens of pounds, rather than thousands. To answer the many mysteries about Clarice and her pottery, I started the Clarice Cliff Collectors Club back in 1982. Seeing the vast diversity of shapes and designs in other people's collections made me realise it might take years to catalogue them all, and I am still trying to complete this task 18 years later. [PAR] I began to research Clarice\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds work in Stoke on Trent, where between 1982 and 1988 I traced over 30 of Clarice\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds original paintresses. They had been just 14 years old when they joined her between [PAR] 1927 and 1936, so were robust, lively women, surprised at the interest in their work. On my trips to Stoke I also discovered both the old decorating shop at Newport Pottery and the original tip where the breakages, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdshards\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd were dumped! I still cherish a box with hundreds of pieces of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbroken Bizarre\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd ~ another collector\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds foible! [PAR] Soon, I had so much new information that I decided to write a book of my own on Clarice, but no British publisher could [PAR] be interested. Then, fate played its part; American collectors Louis and Susan Meisel approached me. Our mutual love for Clarice\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds work inspired us to produce a new book. We added new shapes, new designs, new names to Clarice\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds story. And for the first time, we illustrated the Age of Jazz figures! Bizarre Affair was published in 1988 and is still in print today. It added a hint of the personal story behind the amazing pots, as the title referred to the affair Clarice had with the factory owner Colley Shorter. Bizarre Affair exhibitions were staged at the National Theatre, London, and Warrington Museum, and yet more devotees discovered Clarice. The poster has already sold for \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd20 to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd30, and an original edition of the book now sells for up to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd50. [PAR] [PAR] Since 1988 the ceramics world has never been the same: suddenly Clarice was really discovered! But"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Louis Armstrong - We Have All the Time in the World [007 ... Louis Armstrong - We Have All the Time in the World [007 On Her Majesty's Secret Service ] - YouTube [PAR] Louis Armstrong - We Have All the Time in the World [007 On Her Majesty's Secret Service ] [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 7, 2013 [PAR] \"We Have All the Time in the World\" is a James Bond theme and popular song sung by Louis Armstrong. Its music was composed by John Barry and the lyrics by Hal David. It is a secondary musical theme in 1969 James Bond film On Her Majesty's Secret Service, the title theme being the instrumental \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service,\" also composed by Barry. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs - Rolling Stone Louis Armstrong, 'We Have All the Time in the World' (1969) | The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs | Rolling Stone [PAR] The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs [PAR] Bruce Springsteen Cover Band Drops Out of Trump... [PAR] The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs [PAR] With the arrival of Adele's new Bond theme, we look back at the best songs from the franchise [PAR] 10 [PAR] Tom Copi/Michael Ochs Archive/Getty Images9/10 [PAR] October 5, 2012 [PAR] All Stories [PAR] 9. Louis Armstrong, 'We Have All the Time in the World' (1969) [PAR] James Bond title songs, as a rule, have the name of the movie in the chorus. That was a bit of a challenge with On Her Majesty's Secret Service, so producers opted to go with an instrumental in the opening sequence. Hal David and Burt Bacharach were brought on board to write another song for the movie, and they brought in Louis Armstrong to sing it. The 68-year-old jazz great was sick at the time, but he nailed the song in just a single take. He died less than two years later."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1965 - U.S. Sends Troops to Vietnam - About.com Education 1965 - U.S. Sends Troops to Vietnam [PAR] 1965 - U.S. Sends Troops to Vietnam [PAR] 20th Century History Expert [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] U.S. Sends Troops to Vietnam (1965): In response to the Gulf of Tonkin Incident of August 2 and 4, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson , per the authority given to him by Congress in the subsequent Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, decided to escalate the Vietnam Conflict by sending U.S. ground troops to Vietnam. On March 8, 1965, 3,500 U.S. Marines landed near Da Nang in South Vietnam; they are the first U.S. troops arrive in Vietnam."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brand Sugarpova: How Maria Sharapova Became the World's ... Brand Sugarpova: How Maria Sharapova Became the World's Highest-Paid Female Athlete [PAR] Brand Sugarpova: How Maria Sharapova Became the World's Highest-Paid Female Athlete [PAR] On 6/30/14 at 8:07 AM [PAR] 07/11/14 [PAR] Sports Maria Sharapova Wimbledon Tennis Sponsorship [PAR] When Maria Sharapova takes to the courts of Wimbledon, she does not smile. She chases balls with the aggression of a Doberman Pinscher, grunts like a hyena in heat, and blasts rocket-like serves at her opponents. During intense matches she\u2019s pure terror\u2014a leggy, blonde monster ready to obliterate the person on the other side of the net. [PAR] But on the evening of June 18, the Wednesday before the start of Wimbledon, she\u2019s more beauty than beast as she sits inside the Sugarpova Candy Lounge\u2014a pop-up shop in Wimbledon village promoting her eponymous line of gummy bears, gumballs and soft chews. Sharapova wears a white V-neck t-shirt with a plunging neckline; the Sugarpova logo\u2014a pair of cherry red, puckered lips\u2014sits just south of her breasts. [PAR] She\u2019s fielding questions from Laura Robson, an injured British tennis player who is reporting on Wimbledon for the BBC. [PAR] Try Newsweek for only $1.25 per week [PAR] \u201cWhat made you go into sweets?\u201d Robson asks. [PAR] \u201cWhen I was a little girl I loved sweets, whether it was a little piece of candy or a lollipop that I got after practice or an English lesson,\u201d Sharapova says. \u201cTwo years ago it just hit me: \u2018Why not do something with candy and create a business of my own?\u2019\u201d [PAR] Robson suggests that gorging on liquorice-flavoured rainbow swirls with a marshmallow center may not fit with Sharapova\u2019s training regimen. But Sharapova, seven years Robson\u2019s senior and ranked 86 places above her, simply laughs. She navigates the conversation back to her core message: she is a hands-on businesswoman. \u201cI\u2019ve visited the factory,\u201d she says. \u201cIt was a cool experience seeing how it was made. It\u2019s pretty much a colorful rainbow liquid that is turned into a liquorice or gummy bear.\u201d [PAR] The players smile at each other. The conversation winds through a series of banalities. We learn that Sharapova puts on her left shoe before her right. She has a pudgy, eight-year-old dog, who is currently in summer camp. She loved the Spice Girls when she was younger. Eventually Sharapova guides Robson\u2014and the BBC camera crew\u2014past racks of Sugarpova tank tops, available for \u00a316. Meanwhile, children and grown men have lined up outside. [PAR] It\u2019s fitting that the sound of cha-ching emanates from Sharapova\u2019s candy shop on Wimbledon High Street. In 2004, ten years ago this week, Sharapova upset Serena Williams in the Wimbledon final, catapulting Sharapova, then 17, onto the cover of Sports Illustrated and turning her into the world\u2019s most marketable female athlete. Lucrative deals with Cole Haan, Evian, Honda, and Samsung followed, all capped off with a Nike deal that guaranteed her $70 million. The four Grand Slam titles that have followed have activated millions in bonuses. [PAR] She comes into this year's competition buoyed by her victory at the French Open earlier this month, and with both Williams' sisters failing to reach the second week of the Wimbledon singles for the first time in eight years, Sharapova's path to the final looks clearer. She plays her fourth round match against Angelique Kerber today. [PAR] Last year Forbes magazine listed her as the world\u2019s highest-paid female athlete for the tenth straight year. She topped the list with $29 million in earnings \u2013 $23 million of which came from endorsements rather than prize money."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Monkees Washington, D.C. Tickets - $20.00 - $45.00 at ... The Monkees Washington, D.C. Tickets - $20 - $45 at Warner Theatre. 2016-05-26 [PAR] 6 Stars [PAR] 5.0 by 4 members [PAR] Hey hey, it's The Monkees, and here they come, treating you to a night of all their greatest hits at the Warner Theatre in D.C. Two of The Monkees' original four members -- Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork -- reunite to sing \"Last Train to Clarksville\" and \"I'm a Believer,\" along with so many other jams. At the height of their success in 1967, The Monkees sold more albums than The Beatles or The Rolling Stones. Don't miss this special night of timeless rock classics, acoustic numbers and fan favorites. [PAR] * Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price. [PAR] All offers for The Monkees have expired. [PAR] The last date listed for The Monkees was Thursday May 26, 2016 / 8:00pm."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On the Sinking of the Lusitania vs the Athenia On the Sinking of the Lusitania vs the Athenia [PAR] SS Athenia , War History \u2014 September 1, 2014 [PAR] Parallels Between the Sinking of the Lusitania and the Athenia [PAR] Seventy-five years ago this week, September 3, 1939, a German U-boat torpedoed and sank the British passenger liner Athenia in the opening hours of World War II. This tragic event is the common thread that links the nine people who are the subject of my prospective historical novel, Without Warning . Despite its historic significance as the first British ship sunk in the war, Athenia\u2019s anniversary is likely to pass with little fanfare. Why is it that people generally are more familiar with the sinking of the Lusitania , a passenger ship sunk during World War I, than with Athenia? That is the question I want to explore with this blog. [PAR] There are interesting parallels between the two ships. Both were British owned and built in shipyards on Scotland\u2019s River Clyde. Both were involved in the trans-Atlantic passenger trade. Both were torpedoed by German U-boats early in their respective wars, and at the time of their attacks, both U-boats were supposedly governed by \u201cprize rules\u201d that forbade attacking passenger ships. Finally, both attacks resulted in the loss of American lives, yet the United States remained a neutral country for two more years after each of the sinkings. [PAR] But that is where the parallels end. Lusitania was a larger and more famous ship than Athenia, having briefly held the record for the fastest Atlantic crossing from Britain to the United States. She carried nearly 2,000 passengers and crew to Athenia\u2019s 1,418. When Lusitania sank on May 7, 1915, she did so within 20 minutes and took almost 1,200 lives \u2014 including 128 Americans \u2014 with her to the bottom of the Celtic Sea. [PAR] More famously, however, historians generally connect Lusitania\u2019s sinking with America\u2019s entry into World War I almost two years later. While Germany and the United States exchanged heated words at the time and President Woodrow Wilson demanded an apology from the German government, there was no broad sentiment in America for entering the war. The Germans argued (and Lusitania\u2019s manifest showed) that the ship carried war material, a fact Germany maintained, which made Lusitania a legitimate wartime target. Before the sinking, Germany announced in February, 1915, that the waters around the British Isles were a war zone and that allied shipping would be sunk without giving any warning. Indeed, the German government placed ads in American newspapers warning passengers not to sail on the Lusitania. [PAR] Continued anger in America and other neutral countries with Germany\u2019s U-boat tactics led the Germans to relent in September, stating they would stop attacks on passenger liners. In January, 1917, however, Germany announced it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare, and the announcement helped push U.S. public opinion over the edge. America declared war on Germany in April, 1917. [PAR] When England declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, less than ten hours elapsed before Athenia was torpedoed. In dramatic contrast with Lusitania\u2019s quick demise, Athenia stayed afloat for 14 hours, which allowed her crew to deploy all the ship\u2019s lifeboats. As a result, the death toll from the U-boat attack was 112 passengers and crew, including 30 Americans. While Lusitania had lost 61% of her passengers and crew, Athenia\u2019s toll was only 8%, a factor that may partly account for some people diminishing Athenia\u2019s significance. [PAR] The brazen attack without warning on the defenseless Athenia, which carried"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Video Recorders - Video Tape and Camera The History of Video Recorders, Video Tape and Television [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 21, 2016. [PAR] Charles Ginsburg led the research team at Ampex Corporation in developing one of the first practical videotape recorders or VTRs in 1951. It captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses and saving the information on magnetic tape. By 1956, VTR technology was perfected and in common use by the television industry. [PAR] But Ginsburg wasn\u2019t done yet. He led the Ampex research team in developing a new machine that could run the tape at a much slower rate because the recording heads rotated at high speed. This allowed the necessary high-frequency response. He became known as the \"father of the video cassette recorder.\u201d Ampex sold the first VTR for $50,000 in 1956, and the first VCassetteRs -- or VCRs -- were sold by Sony in 1971. [PAR] The Early Days of Video Recording [PAR] Film was initially the only medium available for recording television programs -- magnetic tape was considered, and it was already being used for sound, but the greater quantity of information carried by the television signal demanded new studies. [PAR] A number of American companies began investigating this problem during the 1950s. [PAR] Tape Recording Technology [PAR] Audio and video magnetic recording has had a greater impact on broadcasting than any other development since the invention of radio/TV transmission itself. Video tape in a large cassette format was introduced by both JVC and Panasonic around 1976. This was the most popular format for home use and for video store rentals for many years until it was replaced by CDs and DVDs. VHS stands for Video Home System. [PAR] The First Television Cameras [PAR] American engineer, scientist and inventor Philo Taylor Farnsworth devised the television camera in the 1920s, although he would later declare that \"there's nothing on it worthwhile.\" It was an \u201cimage dissector\u201d that converted a captured imagine into an electrical signal. [PAR] Farnsworth was born in 1906 on Indian Creek in Beaver County, Utah. His parents expected him to become a concert violinist but his interests drew him to experiments with electricity. He built an electric motor and produced the first electric washing machine his family ever owned at the age of 12. He then went on to attend Brigham Young University where he researched television picture transmission. Farnsworth had already conceived of his idea for television while in high school, and he cofounded Crocker Research Laboratories in 1926 which he later renamed Farnsworth Television, Inc. He then changed the name again to Farnsworth Radio and Television Corporation in 1938. [PAR] Farnsworth was the first inventor to transmit a television image comprised of 60 horizontal lines in 1927. He was only 21 years old. The image was a dollar sign. [PAR] One of the keys to his success was the development of the dissector tube that essentially translated images into electrons that could be transmitted to a TV. He filed for his first television patent in 1927. He had already won an earlier patent for his image dissection tube, but he lost later patent battles to RCA, which owned the rights to many of inventor Vladimir Zworkyin\u2019s TV patents. [PAR] Farnsworth went on to invent over 165 different devices. He held over 300 patents by the end of his career, including a number of significant television patents -- although he was not a fan of what his discoveries had wrought. His final years were spent battling depression and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spy Sinker by Len Deighton on iBooks - itunes.apple.com Spy Sinker by Len Deighton on iBooks [PAR] Sunday Express [PAR] About the author [PAR] Born in London, Len Deighton served in the RAF before graduating from the Royal College of Art (which recently elected him a Senior Fellow). While in New York City working as a magazine illustrator he began writing his first novel, The Ipcress File, which was published in 1962. He is now the author of more than thirty books of fiction and non-fiction. At present living in Europe, he has, over the years, lived with his family in ten different countries from Austria to Portugal. [PAR] From Publishers Weekly [PAR] Aug 29, 1990 \u2013 The final volume in Deighton's hook, line and sinker espionage trilogy will likely disappoint even his staunchest fans with its passionless, unsuspenseful scenario for explaining the political liberation of Eastern Europe at the end of the '80s. Bernard Sampson, protagonist of the earlier books, here steps backstage as his wife, Fiona, defects to East Germany after being groomed as a double agent. In place, Fiona is set to implement a plan facilitating the westward defection of East German professionals, leaving a gap in the economic structure which is expected to defeat the Communist regime. Fiona's abandonment of her husband and two young children occurs with little drama or conflict, and is a move no more convincing than the doubts Deighton later visits upon her. The plan conceived by Bret Rensselaer, deputy controller of European economics for Britain's SIS, to dismantle the Wall is intriguing and plausible, but its fictional execution is without force. At his best with action scenes, Deighton gives us too few; only those that begin and end his tale ring with excitement and suspense. 250,000 first printing; $250,000 ad/promo. [PAR] \u00a9 Publishers Weekly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Modern Credit Card Introduced - About.com Education The History of the Credit Card [PAR] The first credit card. Courtesy of Diners Club. [PAR] Updated October 19, 2015. [PAR] Charging for products and services has become a way of life. No longer do people bring cash when they buy a sweater or a large appliance, they charge it. Some people do it for the convenience of not carrying cash; others \"put it on plastic\" so they can purchase an item they can not yet afford. The credit card that allows them to do this is a twentieth century invention. [PAR] At the beginning of the twentieth century, people had to pay cash for almost all products and services. [PAR] Although the early part of the century saw an increase in individual store credit accounts, a credit card that could be used at more than one merchant was not invented until 1950. It all started when Frank X. McNamara and two of his friends went out to supper. [PAR] The Famous Supper [PAR] In 1949, Frank X McNamara, head of the Hamilton Credit Corporation, went out to eat with Alfred Bloomingdale, McNamara's long-time friend and grandson of the founder of the Bloomingdale's store, and Ralph Sneider, McNamara's attorney. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] The three men were eating at Major's Cabin Grill, a famous New York restaurant located next to the Empire State Building , to discuss a problem customer of the Hamilton Credit Corporation. [PAR] The problem was that one of McNamara's customers had borrowed some money but was unable to pay it back. This particular customer had gotten into trouble, when he had lent a number of his charge cards (available from individual department stores and gas stations) to his poor neighbors who needed items in an emergency. For this service, the man required his neighbors to pay him back the cost of the original purchase plus some extra money. Unfortunately for the man, many of his neighbors were unable to pay him back within a short period of time and he was then forced to borrow money from the Hamilton Credit Corporation. [PAR] At the end of the meal with his two friends, McNamara reached into his pocket for his wallet so that he could pay for the meal (in cash). He was shocked to discover that he had forgotten his wallet. To his embarrassment, he then had to call his wife and have her bring him some money. McNamara vowed never to let this happen again. [PAR] Merging the two concepts from that dinner, the lending of credit cards and not having cash on hand to pay for the meal, McNamara came up with a new idea - a credit card that could be used at multiple locations. What was particularly novel about this concept was that there would be a middleman between companies and their customers. [PAR] Prev[DOC] [TLE] Are credit cards widely accepted at local establishments ... Are credit cards widely accepted at local establishments? - Cozumel Forum - TripAdvisor [PAR] Are credit cards widely accepted at local establishments? - Cozumel Forum [PAR] Review a place you\u2019ve visited [PAR] JOIN [PAR] Are credit cards widely accepted at local establishments? [PAR] In cooperation with: [PAR] Which Cozumel hotels are on sale? [PAR] mm/dd/yyyy mm/dd/yyyy [PAR] Are credit cards widely accepted at local establishments? [PAR] Apr 09, 2008, 1:01 PM [PAR] We do not like to carry a lot of cash and/or pay ATM fees. We do like to eat at local restaurants. Also we are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ursula Andress - Biography - IMDb Ursula Andress - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Ursula Andress [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 59 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (34) | Personal Quotes (15) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 5\" (1.65 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The quintessential jet-set Euro starlet, Ursula Andress was born in the Swiss canton of Berne on March 19, 1936, one of six children in a strict German Protestant family. Although often seeming icily aloof, a restless streak early demonstrated itself in her personality, and she had an impetuous desire to explore the world outside Switzerland. (For instance, she was tracked down by Interpol for running away from boarding school at 17 years old.) The stunning young woman found work as an art model in Rome and did walk-ons in three quickie Italian features before coming to the Hollywood. At 19, she met fading matin\u00e9e idol John Derek , who left his first wife and two children to marry Ursula in 1957, despite the fact that she only spoke a few words of English at the time, and persuaded the new bride to put her acting ambitions on hold for a few years. [PAR] The year 1962 saw the virtually unknown Swiss beauty back on the set, playing a small role in the first movie version of Ian Fleming 's fanciful \"James Bond\" espionage novels, Dr. No (1962), opposite Sean Connery . Because her Swiss/German accent was so strong, Andress' entire performance had to be dubbed by a voiceover artist. Nevertheless, her striking beauty and smoldering screen presence made a strong impression on moviegoers, immediately establishing her as one of the most desired women in the world and as an ornament to put on-screen alongside some of the most bankable talent of the era, such as Elvis Presley in Fun in Acapulco (1963) and Dean Martin in 4 for Texas (1963). In 1965, she was one of several European starlets to co-star in What's New Pussycat (1965) -- a film that perhaps sums up mid-'60s pop culture better than any other -- written by Woody Allen , starring Allen and Peter Sellers , with music by Burt Bacharach , a title song performed by Tom Jones and much on-screen sexual romping. [PAR] Andress appeared in many more racy-for-their time movies in both the United States and Europe from the mid-'60s to the late '70s, including The 10th Victim (1965), in which she wears a famously ballistic bra; The Blue Max (1966), where she is aptly cast as the sultry, insatiable wife of an aristocratic World War I German general; the James Bond satire Casino Royale (1967); the excellent crime caper Perfect Friday (1970); Red Sun (1971), as a foul-mouthed prostitute taken hostage by outlaws; The Sensuous Nurse (1975), as a bombshell nurse hired to titillate a doddering millionaire to death; the notorious The Mountain of the Cannibal God (1978), in which she is stripped and slathered in orange paint by a pair of nubiles; and The Fifth Musketeer (1979), in the role of King Louis XIV's alluring mistress. [PAR] Unmarried since 1966 when she'd divorced Derek after falling in love with French actor Jean-Paul Belmondo on the Malaysian set of Up to His Ears (1965), Andress played the field for years, reportedly involved at various times with a host of others including (but by no means limited to) Ryan O'Neal , Marcello Mastroianni , Dennis Hopper and Fabio Testi . In 1979, she began what would be a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walter Cronkite's final broadcast on CBS Evening News ... Walter Cronkite's final broadcast on CBS Evening News - YouTube [PAR] Walter Cronkite's final broadcast on CBS Evening News [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 22, 2013 [PAR] On April 16, 1962, Cronkite succeeded Douglas Edwards as anchorman of the CBS Evening News (initially Walter Cronkite with the News), a job in which he became an American icon. [PAR] The program expanded from 15 to 30 minutes on September 2, 1963, making Cronkite the anchor of American network television's first nightly half-hour news program. [PAR] During the early part of his tenure anchoring the CBS Evening News, Cronkite competed against NBC's anchor team of Chet Huntley and David Brinkley, who anchored the Huntley-Brinkley Report. For most of the 1960s, the Huntley-Brinkley Report had more viewers than Cronkite's broadcast. This began to change in the late 1960s, as RCA made a corporate decision not to fund NBC News at the levels CBS funded CBS News. Consequently, CBS News acquired a reputation for greater accuracy and depth in its broadcast journalism. [PAR] In 1969, during the Apollo 11 (with co-host and former astronaut Wally Schirra) and Apollo 13 moon missions, Cronkite received the best ratings and made CBS the most-watched television network for the missions. [PAR] In 1970, when Huntley retired, the CBS Evening News finally dominated the American TV news viewing audience. Although NBC finally settled on the skilled and well-respected broadcast journalist John Chancellor, Cronkite proved to be more popular and continued to be top-rated until his retirement in 1981. [PAR] One of Cronkite's trademarks was ending the CBS Evening News with the phrase \"...And that's the way it is,\" followed by the date. [PAR] Keeping to standards of objective journalism, he omitted this phrase on nights when he ended the newscast with opinion or commentary. Beginning with January 16, 1980, Day 50 of the Iran hostage crisis, Cronkite added the length of the hostages' captivity to the show's closing to remind the audience of the unresolved situation, ending only on Day 444, January 20, 1981. [PAR] His last day in the anchor chair at the CBS Evening News was on March 6, 1981; he was succeeded the following Monday by Dan Rather. [PAR] Cronkite's farewell statement: \"This is my last broadcast as the anchorman of The CBS Evening News; for me, it's a moment for which I long have planned, but which, nevertheless, comes with some sadness. For almost two decades, after all, we've been meeting like this in the evenings, and I'll miss that. But those who have made anything of this departure, I'm afraid have made too much. This is but a transition, a passing of the baton. A great broadcaster and gentleman, Doug Edwards, preceded me in this job, and another, Dan Rather, will follow. And anyway, the person who sits here is but the most conspicuous member of a superb team of journalists; writers, reporters, editors, producers, and none of that will change. Furthermore, I'm not even going away! I'll be back from time to time with special news reports and documentaries, and, beginning in June, every week, with our science program, Universe. Old anchormen, you see, don't fade away; they just keep coming"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] in the 70s - Music From Commericals of the Seventies in the 70s - Music From Commericals of the Seventies [PAR] Music From Commericals of the Seventies [PAR] This is a list of the popular 70s songs used in commercials during the 70s along with a description of the commercial and what people thought of it. [PAR] We also have pages on this topic devoted to the 80s and 90s [PAR] ABC using Orleans's \"Still The One\" [PAR] Was used to promote the ABC schedule (circa 1977). [PAR] AT&T 00 Info using Pilot's \"Magic\" [PAR] Applebee's using Seduction's \"It Takes Two\" [PAR] Used to promote \"Take any two you want\". [PAR] Buick using Edgar Winter Group's \"Frankenstein\" [PAR] A Buick SUV (what's Buick doing with SYVs) drives out of the castle...and it's Tiger Woods driving it! [PAR] Burger King using Van McCoy's \"The Hustle\" [PAR] Used to plug their new chicken sandwiches. [PAR] Cadillac using Led Zeppelin's \"Rock and Roll\" [PAR] The caddy comercials always use Led Zeppelin. When the camera pans inside the car it's quiet, peaceful, when camera pans outside of the car it's Led Zeppelin. [PAR] Capital One using Kool and the Gang's \"Jungle Boogie\" [PAR] Chevrolet using Spinners's \"I`ll be around\" [PAR] chevy uses the low riders and the spinners to introduce the new chevy [PAR] Clarinex using The Who's \"\"Overture\" Tommy\" [PAR] Coca Cola using Hilltop Singers's \"I'd Like To Teach The World To Sing\" [PAR] This was a classic in the early 70's. Coke changed the title to \"I'd Like To Buy The World A Coke\" [PAR] Coke using Dottie West 's \"Country Sunshine\" [PAR] Coke Commercial with a car coming down a country road. [PAR] Compaq Presario using Harry Chapin's \"Cat's in the Cradle\" [PAR] The use of \"Cat's in the Cradle\" is very clever in this 2003 commercial. Normally, this song gives me goosebumps and makes me teary-eyed. But using it in this ad, it makes me laugh. A mother takes a picture of her little boy, and then plugs the camera into the computer to upload the picture. However, the picture takes eons to upload, and when her son comes into the kitchen, he asks good old mom for her car keys. But, by the time the picture is FINALLY uploaded, the son, now 40 years old, asks mom if there's anything to eat. Yikes! [PAR] DiGiorno Pizza using Donna Summer's \"Hot Stuff\" [PAR] A guy jumps to an incredibly lame version of Hot Stuff. It was probably recorded with a $3.98 budget. [PAR] Diet Coke using Donna Summer's \"Love To Love You Baby\" [PAR] A cover version is used in this ad, which has been seen in the UK. [PAR] Diet Coke using LaBelle's \"Lady Marmalade\" [PAR] This has been aired in the UK. [PAR] Diet Coke using Brothers Johnson's \"Strawberry Letter 23\" [PAR] the girl is on a train and she opens the bottle and the rest is just the best memory hit you could imagine [PAR] Ford Vehicles using Queen's \"We Will Rock You\" [PAR] The Fox And The Hound Video using Queen's \"You're My Best Friend\" [PAR] This commercial has only been on the air a couple of times but I have noticed that they used Queen's song You're my best friend. [PAR] Gatorade using The Monks's \"Monk Time\" [PAR] An absurd 60's garage band's song is used in the current Is It In You? campaign. [PAR] Geico Direct Insurance using Dan Hill's \"Sometimes When We Touch\" [PAR] A woman has a good old time with the Geico gecko. [PAR] General Motors using The Ides"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CHATTER - Mike Tyson's Boxing License - NYTimes.com CHATTER; Mike Tyson's Boxing License - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] N.Y. / Region |CHATTER; Mike Tyson's Boxing License [PAR] Search [PAR] CHATTER; Mike Tyson's Boxing License [PAR] AUG. 16, 1998 [PAR] Should Mike Tyson have had his license to fight in New Jersey approved by the state Athletic Control Board? [PAR] A Concrete Thinker [PAR] Why is it inappropriate to bite off an opponent's ear while boxing? This is a ''sport'' where the goal is to beat one's opponent into unconsciousness so that he falls to the floor, at which point the beater and his fans wait excitedly to see if the opponent is hurt severely enough to remain on the floor during the referee's count. [PAR] Tyson has already been punished with jail for being a literal thinker. He does not and will never understand mixed messages, so don't punish him further. [PAR] DORIS ROSE [PAR] Whiting The Best [PAR] Give Tyson his license. To me, boxing is synonymous with violence, and Mike Tyson is certainly as violent as they come. I abhor barbarity, but those who crave it may as well enjoy the top of the line. [PAR] AUDREY CORN [PAR] Denville [PAR] Fans Will Pay [PAR] Regardless of whether Mike Tyson can fight, or even read for that matter, is of no concern to the promoters and fans of boxing. If enough enthusiasm is focused on his return to the ring, fans will be curious enough to watch the fight. Somehow everyone will make money except for the fans who pay $60 dollars or more to watch for three minutes of fist and fury. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Bronx, N.Y. [PAR] Judge Him in the Ring [PAR] Tyson has paid millions for his mistake. He should be allowed to fight again. Latrell Sprewell (the strangler) has not paid as much. Only in the ring can Tyson now be judged. [PAR] MANUEL GARCIA [PAR] Pittsburg, Calif. [PAR] Emotional Instability [PAR] No one seems to be speaking of emotional instability in the case of Mike Tyson. He said he bit the ear of the other fighter because the other fighter made him mad. Normal, healthy people, including boxers, do not react that way. This was only one of many examples he has given to us. Do we need to be 'burned' twice to learn the lesson? [PAR] KATHERINE PACHECO [PAR] Elizabeth [PAR] With the many stories about Mike Tyson's uncontrollable and sometimes violent behavior, it would have been very foolish for the state Athletic Control Board to give him a license to box in New Jersey. A sports figure often becomes the idol of youngsters. By giving Mr. Tyson a license to box in New Jersey, the state would be telling youngsters in an indirect way that these uncontrollable burts of anger are O.K. [PAR] LAURA COBRINIK[DOC] [TLE] BOXING - Tyson Loses His Temper at His License Hearing ... BOXING; Tyson Loses His Temper at His License Hearing - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Sports |BOXING; Tyson Loses His Temper at His License Hearing [PAR] Search [PAR] BOXING; Tyson Loses His Temper at His License Hearing [PAR] By TIMOTHY W. SMITH [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Mike Tyson, displaying the same loss of control that compelled him to bite off a piece of Evander Holyfield's ear and led to his banishment from boxing, testified today before the State Athletic Control Board to apply for the reinstatement of his New Jersey boxing license. [PAR] Accompanied by two lawyers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neil Armstrong - Astronaut, Explorer, Pilot - Biography.com Neil Armstrong - Astronaut, Explorer, Pilot - Biography.com [PAR] Neil Armstrong [PAR] Astronaut, military pilot, and educator, Neil Armstrong made history on July 20, 1969, by becoming the first man to walk on the moon. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cIt's a brilliant surface in that sunlight. The horizon seems quite close to you because the curvature is so much more pronounced than here on earth. It's an interesting place to be. I recommend it.\"[Describing the moon.]\u201d [PAR] \u201cThat's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.\u201d [PAR] \u201cAmerica is respected for its contributions it has made in learning to sail on this new ocean. If the leadership we have acquired through our investment is simply allowed to fade away, other nations will surely step in where we have faltered. I do not believe that would be in our best interests.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThe exciting part for me, as a pilot, was the landing on the moon.\u201d [PAR] \u201cA century hence, 2000 may be viewed as quite a primitive period in human history. It's something to hope for.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThere are great ideas undiscovered, breakthroughs available to those who can remove one of truth's protective layers. There are places to go beyond belief.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI think we're going to the moon because it's in the nature of the human being to face challenges. It's by the nature of his deep inner soul. We're required to do these things just as salmon swim upstream.\u201d [PAR] \u201cHouston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.\u201d [PAR] \u201cNeil was among the greatest of American heroes--not just of his time, but of all time.\u201d [PAR] \u201cMy friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will forever be remembered as a landmark moment in human history.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Neil Armstrong [PAR] Neil Armstrong - Mini Biography (TV-14; 4:03) Neil Armstrong joined the organization that would become NASA in 1962 and was command pilot for his first mission, Gemini VIII, in 1966. He was spacecraft commander for Apollo 11 and the first man to walk on the moon. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Neil Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on August 5, 1930. After serving in the Korean War and then finishing college, he joined the organization that would become NASA. He joined the astronaut program in 1962 and was command pilot for his first mission, Gemini VIII, in 1966. He was spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar mission, and became the first man to walk on the moon. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 2012. [PAR] Military Service [PAR] Astronaut Neil Armstrong developed a fascination with flight at an early age and earned his student pilot's license when he was 16. In 1947, Armstrong began his studies in aeronautical engineering at Purdue University on a U.S. Navy scholarship. [PAR] In 1949, as part of his scholarship, Armstrong trained as a pilot in the Navy and two years later, served in the Korean War. He flew 78 combat missions during this military conflict. He left the service in 1952, and returned to college. A few years later, Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later became the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). For this government agency he worked in a number of different capacities, including serving as a test pilot and an engineer. He tested many high-speed aircraft, including the X-15, which could reach a top speed of 4,000 miles per hour. [PAR] Astronaut Program [PAR] In his personal life, Armstrong"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A New 'Good Evening' For 'Masterpiece Theater' - NYTimes.com A New 'Good Evening' For 'Masterpiece Theater' - NYTimes.com [PAR] A New 'Good Evening' For 'Masterpiece Theater' [PAR] By ELIZABETH KOLBERT [PAR] Correction Appended [PAR] It's a tough chair to fill, but someone's got to sit in it. [PAR] Three months after Alistair Cooke ever so politely bade goodbye to \"Masterpiece Theater,\" the show's sponsors announced yesterday that Russell Baker would become the program's new host. [PAR] At a news conference in the \"library\" of the Palace Hotel in Manhattan, Mr. Baker, surrounded by fake books, assured reporters that he would not allow his irreverent style to impinge on the highbrow tone of \"Masterpiece Theater.\" In the case of an episode that is \"egregiously ridiculous,\" though, he acknowledged, \"a little needle might be apropos.\" [PAR] Mr. Baker, who is 67 and a New York Times columnist, said he had first been approached about taking Mr. Cooke's place almost a year ago. He demurred. [PAR] \"My reply was I'd like to be the man who succeeds the man who succeeds Alistair Cooke,\" he said. But several months went by, and Mr. Baker's self-esteem improved to the point where, he said, \"I thought, 'Why not give it a try?' \" He added that is was particularly influenced by his daughter, Kasia, who urged him to get out of his \"rut,\" and by a desire to fulfill his destiny as a citizen: \"In America, if you're not on television, somehow you're not American,\" he said. Hundreds Were Considered [PAR] Rebecca Eaton, the executive producer of \"Masterpiece Theater,\" said Mr. Baker had been chosen from among hundreds of actors, journalists, historians and aristocrats who had been considered for the job, and dozens more who had sent in unsolicited tapes. [PAR] \"We knew it when we found it,\" she said of Mr. Baker, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and the author of more than a dozen books. [PAR] In spite of his new duties as host, which he is to assume in the fall, Mr. Baker will continue to write his \"Observer\" column for The Times. Mr. Baker will be only the second regular host of \"Masterpiece Theater,\" the nation's longest-running prime-time drama series. Mr. Cooke, who held the position since the show's inception in 1971, announced his retirement in July. Since he left the show in November, guest hosts have filled in. [PAR] Mr. Cooke and his genteel English manner became so closely identified with \"Masterpiece Theater\" that the news of his American successor yesterday seemed to suggest not so much a passing of the torch as a passing of an era. Mr. Baker took pains, however, to reassure reporters that he enjoyed the kind of long, rambling 19th-century novels favored by \"Masterpiece Theater's\" producers, and that in any case he did not plan to have any influence on the content of show. But he said, \"I certainly hope we'll do Proust's 'Remembrance of Things Past.' \" [PAR] \"Masterpiece Theatre\" is sponsored by the Mobil Corporation and presented by WGBH, the public television station in Boston. The programs in the series are usually purchased from British producers. A Longtime Fan [PAR] Mr. Baker, who lives in Virginia, said he was a fan of \"Masterpiece Theater,\" and had watched most of the shows. He listed among his favorites \"The Golden Bowl,\" \"Jeeves and Wooster\" and \"Memento Mori.\" Under closer questioning, he also acknowledged that he was a fan of the afternoon soap opera \"All My Children.\" [PAR] As interpreted by Mr. Cooke, the duties of the host were to introduce the show and offer a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Nickelodeon | Nickelodeon | Fandom powered by Wikia History of Nickelodeon | Nickelodeon | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] This article is devoted to the history of the cable channel Nickelodeon. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Pinwheel (1977-1979) [PAR] The Pinwheel logo, used in 1977-1979 [PAR] Prior to Nickelodeon's creation, most preschoolers programs were very limited, especially to preschoolers, because they could only tune into their favorite shows on Saturday mornings. Preschoolers on the other hand, not only had Saturday mornings to watch their favorite shows, but weekdays too, because they would watch Sesame Street. For preschoolers and grown-ups in Columbus, Ohio, they had a new television system called QUBE.xx [PAR] Pinwheel/First Era/Silver Ball Era (1979\u20131984) [PAR] Pinwheel was re-launched as Nickelodeon on April 1, 1979 and despite its prior history on the QUBE system under the Pinwheel name, Nickelodeon has declared 1979 as the network's official launch year. It began airing on various Warner Cable systems, beginning in Buffalo, New York and quickly expanded its audience reach. Shows airing during its broadcast day which initially ran from 10 a.m.-10 p.m. ET on weekdays and 9 a.m.-8 p.m. ET on weekends included Video Comic Book, Pop Clips and the long-running Pinwheel now formatted as a daily hour-long series that ran in a 3-5 hour block format, and was a precursor to the Nick Jr. block, along with other shows such as America Goes Bananaz, Nickel Flicks and By the Way. In 1980, new shows were added to the lineup, including Dusty's Treehouse, First Row Features, Special Delivery, What Will They Think Of Next?, Livewire, and Hocus Focus. Also in the same year, Video Comic Book was renamed to Video Comicz. [PAR] The network's first logo had a mime looking into a Nickelodeon machine that was placed in the N. In between programs, the filler would be a mime, and the mime would turn the crank on the Nickelodeon as soon as the next program was about to start. The mime would do skits to \"Music, Music, Music\". The second logo had the word \"Nickelodeon\" in Pinwheel's logo font. The third logo was a silver pinball with the \"Nickelodeon\" title in multicolor. Nickelodeon's first popular series was You Can't Do That On Television , a Canadian sketch comedy that made its American debut on Nickelodeon in late 1981. On April 12, 1981, the channel extended its hours from 8 a.m.-9 p.m. ET by turning its channel over to the Alpha Repertory Television Service (ARTS) and, later until 1985, A&E Network after ARTS merged with NBC's struggling cable service The Entertainment Channel. In 1983, Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment began divesting its assets and spun off Nickelodeon and two other channels, MTV and the now-defunct Radio Television Station (RTS) into the newly-formed subsidiary MTV Networks. After a while the network became known for its iconic green slime, originally featured in You Can't Do That on Television. The green slime was then adopted by the channel as a primary feature of many of its shows, including Double Dare. In the early years, other shows such as Livewire, Standby: Lights, Camera, Action, The Third Eye and Mr. Wizard's World were part of the regular Nickelodeon time slots. [PAR] First Splat Era (1984-1992) [PAR] The channel struggled at first, having lost $4 million by 1984, and finishing dead last among the cable channels. After firing the previous staff, MTV Networks president Bob Pittman turned to Fred Seibert and Alan Goodman, who created MTV's iconic IDs a few years earlier, to reinvigorate Nickelodeon. Seibert and Goodman's company, Fred/Alan, teamed up with Tom Corey and Scott Nash"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and ... Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium [PAR] Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates [PAR] Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates [PAR] Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium [PAR] by Nanny Fr\u00f6man * [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Marie and Pierre Curie 's pioneering research was again brought to mind when on April 20 1995, their bodies were taken from their place of burial at Sceaux, just outside Paris, and in a solemn ceremony were laid to rest under the mighty dome of the Panth\u00e9on. Marie Curie thus became the first woman to be accorded this mark of honour on her own merit. One woman, Sophie Berthelot, admittedly already rested there but in the capacity of wife of the chemist Marcelin Berthelot (1827-1907). [PAR] It was Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand who, before ending his fourteen-year-long presidency, took this initiative, as he said \"in order to finally respect the equality of women and men before the law and in reality\" (\"pour respecter enfin ...l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des femmes et des hommes dans le droit comme dans les faits\"). In point of fact - as the press pointed out - this initiative was symbolic three times over. Marie Curie was a woman, she was an immigrant and she had to a high degree helped increase the prestige of France in the scientific world. [PAR] At the end of the 19th century, a number of discoveries were made in physics which paved the way for the breakthrough of modern physics and led to the revolutionary technical development that is continually changing our daily lives. [PAR] Around 1886, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated experimentally the existence of radio waves. It is said that Hertz only smiled incredulously when anyone predicted that his waves would one day be sent round the earth. Hertz died in 1894 at the early age of 37. In September 1895, Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radio signal over a distance of 1.5 km. In 1901 he spanned the Atlantic. Hertz did not live long enough to experience the far-reaching positive effects of his great discovery, nor of course did he have to see it abused in bad television programs. It is hard to predict the consequences of new discoveries in physics. [PAR] On November 8, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen at the University of W\u00fcrzburg, discovered a new kind of radiation which he called X-rays. It could in time be identified as the short-wave, high frequency counterpart of Hertz's waves. The ability of the radiation to pass through opaque material that was impenetrable to ordinary light, naturally created a great sensation. R\u00f6ntgen himself wrote to a friend that initially, he told no one except his wife about what he was doing. People would say, \"R\u00f6ntgen is out of his mind\". On January 1, 1896, he mailed his first announcement of the discovery to his colleagues. \"... und nun ging der Teufel los\" (\"and now the Devil was let loose\") he wrote. His discovery very soon made an impact on practical medicine. In physics it led to a chain of new and sensational findings. When Henri Becquerel was exposing salts of uranium to sunlight to study whether the new radiation could have a connection with luminescence, he found out by chance - thanks to a few days of cloudy weather - that another new type of radiation was being spontaneously emanated without the salts of uranium having to be illuminated - a radiation that could pass through metal foil and darken a photographic plate. The two researchers who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Banana Splits Opening and Closing Theme 1968 - 1970 ... The Banana Splits Opening and Closing Theme 1968 - 1970 - YouTube [PAR] The Banana Splits Opening and Closing Theme 1968 - 1970 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 12, 2016 [PAR] Loads more TV Themes at: http://teeveesgreatest.webs.com/ [PAR] The Banana Splits are four funny animal characters who featured in a late 1960s children's variety show made for television. The costumed hosts of the show were Fleegle (guitar, vocals), Bingo (drums, vocals), Drooper (bass, vocals) and Snorky (keyboards, effects). The Banana Splits Adventure Hour was an hour-long, packaged television program that featured both live action and animated segments. [PAR] The series was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, and ran for 31 episodes on NBC Saturday mornings, from September 7, 1968 to September 5, 1970. The series costumes and sets were designed by Sid and Marty Krofft and the series' sponsor was Kellogg's Cereals.The show was Hanna-Barbera's initial foray into mixing live action with animation. In 1967, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera approached the Krofft Brothers to design costumes for a television show which would feature animated and live-action segments, with the whole show hosted by a bubblegum rock group of anthropomorphic characters. [PAR] Each show represented a meeting of the \"Banana Splits Club\", and the wraparounds featured the adventures of the club members, who doubled as a musical quartet, meant to be reminiscent of The Beatles and (especially) their NBC counterpart, The Monkees. The main characters were Fleegle, a beagle; Bingo, a gorilla; Drooper, a lion, and Snorky (called \"Snork\" in the theme song lyrics), an elephant. Fleegle would assume the role as leader of the Banana Splits and preside at club meetings. [PAR] The characters were played by actors in voluminous fleecy costumes similar to later Sid and Marty Krofft characters such as H.R. Pufnstuf. They all spoke in English (Drooper with a Southern drawl in the manner of Michael Nesmith, Fleegle with a pronounced lisp), except for Snorky who \"spoke\" in honking noises. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] REO Speedwagon - Can't Fight This Feeling (music video ... REO Speedwagon - Can't Fight This Feeling (music video) - [043f6d673] [PAR] REO Speedwagon - Can't Fight This Feeling [PAR] Description [PAR] buy [PAR] Music video by REO Speedwagon performing Can't Fight This Feeling. (C) 1984 Sony BMG Music Entertainment [PAR] \"Can't Fight This Feeling\" is a number-one power ballad performed by the American rock band REO Speedwagon about a man falling in love with a girl with whom he has been friends for a long time. [PAR] The song first appeared on REO Speedwagon's 1984 album Wheels Are Turnin'. It was the group's second number-one hit on the U.S. charts (the first being 1981's \"Keep on Loving You\", also written by Kevin Cronin) and reached number sixteen in the UK. \"Can't Fight This Feeling\" has appeared on dozens of 'various artists' compilation albums, as well as several REO Speedwagon greatest hits albums. [PAR] Tags:[DOC] [TLE] REO Speedwagon \u2014 Can't Fight This Feeling \u2014 Listen, watch ... REO Speedwagon \u2014 Can't Fight This Feeling \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] power ballad [PAR] \"Can't Fight This Feeling\" is a number-one power ballad from REO Speedwagon about a man falling in love with a girl with whom he has been a friend for a long time. [PAR] The song first appeared on REO Speedwagon's 1984 album Wheels Are Turnin'. It was the group's second number-one hit on the U.S. charts (the first being 1981's \"Keep on Loving You\", also written by Kevin Cronin) and reached number sixteen in the UK. \"Can't Fight This Feeling\"\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Korean War documents at the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Eisenhower Presidential Library [PAR] The Korean War [PAR] [PAR] After five years of simmering tensions on the Korean peninsula, the Korean War began on June 25, 1950, when the Northern Korean People's Army invaded South Korea in a coordinated general attack at several strategic points along the 38th parallel, the line dividing communist North Korea from the non-communist Republic of Korea in the south. North Korea aimed to militarily conquer South Korea and therefore unify Korea under the communist North Korean regime. Concerned that the Soviet Union and Communist China might have encouraged this invasion, President Harry S. Truman committed United States air, ground, and naval forces to the combined United Nations forces assisting the Republic of Korea in its defense. President Truman designated General Douglas MacArthur as Commanding General of the United Nations Command (UNC). [PAR] The first several months of the war were characterized by armies advancing and retreating up and down the Korean peninsula. The initial North Korean attack drove United Nations Command forces to a narrow perimeter around the port of Pusan in the southern tip of the peninsula. After the front stabilized at the Pusan perimeter, General MacArthur surprised the North Koreans in September 1950 with an amphibious landing at Inchon behind North Korean lines, forcing the North Koreans to retreat behind the 38th parallel. [PAR] In October, the United Nations, urged by the United States Government, approved the movement of UN forces across the 38th parallel into North Korea in an effort to unify the country under a non-communist government. In spite of warnings issued by the Chinese Government, the United Nations forces moved toward the Yalu River, marking the North Korean border with Manchuria. Discounting the significance of initial Chinese attacks in late October, MacArthur ordered the UNC to launch an offensive, taking the forces to the Yalu. In late November the Chinese attacked in full strength, pushing the UNC in disarray south of the 38th parallel with the communist forces seizing the South Korean capital, Seoul. [PAR] In early 1951 the Chinese offensive lost its momentum and the UNC, bolstered by the revitalized 8th U.S. Army led by General Matthew B. Ridgway, retook Seoul and advanced back to the 38th parallel. From July 1951, until the end of hostilities the battle lines remained relatively stable and the conflict became a stalemate. The Truman Administration abandoned plans to reunite North and South Korea and instead decided to pursue limited goals in order to avoid the possible escalation of the conflict into a third world war involving China and the Soviet Union. When General MacArthur publicly challenged the Truman Administration's conduct of the war, the President, \"...concluded that...MacArthur is unable to give his wholehearted support to the policies of the United States Government...\" and relieved him from command in April 1951, replacing him with General Ridgway. [PAR] Acting on a campaign pledge, President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower went to Korea on December 2, 1952. After visiting the troops, their commanders and South Korean leaders, and receiving briefings on the military situation in Korea, Eisenhower concluded, \"we could not stand forever on a static front and continue to accept casualties without any visible results. Small attacks on small hills would not end this war.\" President Eisenhower sought an end to hostilities in Korea through a combination of diplomacy and military muscle-flexing. On July 27, 1953, seven months after President Eisenhower's inauguration as the 34th President of the United States, an armistice was signed, ending organized combat operations and leaving the Korean Peninsula divided much as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Picture of Windows Keyboard - Explanation of Keys Account Suspended [PAR] Account Suspended [PAR] This Account has been suspended. [PAR] Contact your hosting provider for more information.[DOC] [TLE] Fix Laptop Stuck Key - YouTube Fix Laptop Stuck Key - YouTube [PAR] Fix Laptop Stuck Key [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jun 25, 2011 [PAR] PLEASE KEEP IN MIND: What I am presenting to you work for me, but it might not work or solve your problems. This is informational only so please don't hate or dislike my video. [PAR] However, if you use my method, it will be at your own risk. I take no responsibilty if you break your keyboard and damage your computer. [PAR] Dell Inspiron 1501 [PAR] For some reason, the letter key G is stuck when power on the computer. It made a beep sound. [PAR] As I have shown, when I pressed any key, the letter G would stop. When I pressed the letter G again, it became stuck and continued to display the letter G. [PAR] As far as I know, there is nothing wrong with the keyboard because the letter D is not dead or malfunction because it was still responding. [PAR] To fix the stuck letter G, I took out the letter and put a small piece of paper between the two plastics strips to separate the top and bottom electrical contact. I separated the top and bottom strips so that it will not become stuck as way to fix the stuck key. [PAR] After taping the little piece of paper down, the letter G worked normally again without being stuck. I just saved myself from buying a new keyboard. [PAR] Thank you for watching my video. [PAR] If you like my video, please comments, rates, and subscribe to my channel. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tommy Steele \u2013 Flash, Bang, Wallop Lyrics | Genius Lyrics Tommy Steele \u2013 Flash, Bang, Wallop Lyrics | Genius Lyrics [PAR] The same thing happened long ago [PAR] When man was in his prime [PAR] And what went on we only know [PAR] From the snaps he took at the time [PAR] When Adam and Eve in their birthday suit [PAR] Decided to get wed [PAR] As Adam was about to taste the fruit [PAR] The man with the camera said [PAR] CHORUS [PAR] You've read it in a folio [PAR] Or seen it in a Shakespeare play [PAR] How Juliet fell for Romeo [PAR] In the merry month of May [PAR] And as he climbed the orchard wall [PAR] To reach his lady fair [PAR] As he tumbled she began to bawl [PAR] As he floated through the air [PAR] CHORUS [PAR] King Henry the Eighth had several wives [PAR] Including Anne Boleyn [PAR] And he kept an album of their lives [PAR] With all their photos in [PAR] As Anne Boleyn was on her knees [PAR] Dressed in her very best frock [PAR] King Henry shouted, \"Smile dear, please\" [PAR] As her head rolled off the block [PAR] CHORUS [PAR] There was just the same to do [PAR] He galloped home from the battle scene [PAR] All the way from Waterloo [PAR] And as he came from off his horse [PAR] To the boudoir where she sat [PAR] She said to him, in French of course [PAR] As he took of his big cocked hat [PAR] CHORUS [PAR] Stick it in your family [PAR] Stick it in your family [PAR] In your family album [PAR] From the musical Half A Sixpence, based on the HG Wells novel, Kipps [PAR] Hidden [PAR] This page is accessible to [PAR] Verified artists on the song [PAR] Locked [PAR] This song has been locked and is considered \"done.\" You need 600 IQ to add annotations to locked songs. [PAR] \"Flash, Bang, Wallop\" Track Info"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blackmail (1929): Hitchcock's First Sound Film | Emanuel Levy Blackmail (1929): Hitchcock's First Sound Film | Emanuel Levy [PAR] Blackmail (1929): Hitchcock's First Sound Film [PAR] March 7, 2013 by EmanuelLevy Leave a Comment [PAR] Hitchcock\u2019s \u201cBlackmail,\u201d made in 1929, is considered to be the first significant sound feature made by the British film industry. The film was a critical and commercial hit. Among its awards is a citation as the best British movie of 1929. [PAR] When production began, \u201cBlackmail\u201d meant to be silent, but during the process, the new technology offered Hitchcock exciting opportunities, especially for the kinds of films he was interested in. [PAR] A completed silent version of Blackmail was released in 1929 shortly after the talkie version hit theaters. The silent version of Blackmail actually ran longer in theaters and proved more popular, largely because most theaters in Britain were not yet equipped for sound. [PAR] All the scenes with Alice White (Czech actress Anna Ondra) had to be reshot because of her heavy accent [PAR] English actress Joan Barry spoke Ondra\u2019s lines, while Ondre pantomimed the words As post-dubbing was impossible, it called for repetition of the scenes for sound dialogue. [PAR] The film\u2019s story is deceptively simple: Young Alice White and her beau detective Frank Webber (John Longden) quarrel at a restaurant, and Alice departs with a handsome stranger (Cyril Ritchard). The stranger, who turns out to be an artist, invites Alice to his studio. He persuades her to put on a circus costume so that he can sketch her, but then he attempts to make violent love to her. In response, she stabs him to death with a knife. [PAR] Assigned to the case, Webber begins to suspect that the girl is involved but he conceals his suspicion from his superiors. The blackmail occurs, when a man claims to have seen Alice entering the artist\u2019s quarters [PAR] The detective, trying to shift blame for the killing to the blackmailer, leads to the man\u2019s flight. A chase ensues, ending with the blackmailer\u2019s death, falling through the dome of the British Museum (a site Hitchcock will return to in future films). The girl decides to clear her conscience but is prevented from doing so by the detective [PAR] But the conclusion is ambiguous and bittersweet at best, as the future of the couple, who now share a secret guilt, is in doubt. Visually, the expression on Alice\u2019s face shows bewilderment and anguish. [PAR] Several of Hitchcock motifs and trademarks are evident in the movie, including a likable heroine who\u2019s a beautiful blonde in peril, and a famous landmark (a national monument, statue) in the climactic finale (See [PAR] cheap product key for windows 7 [PAR] \u201cForeign Correspondent,\u201d \u201cNorth by Northwest\u201d). [PAR] Thematically, the movie deals with the inevitable disparity between appearance and reality\u2013the significant notion that physical appearances should not be confused with reality, and the constant reversal of normative expectations. [PAR] The figures who represent law and order are themselves corruptible. In \u201cBlackmail,\u201d as in future films, the apparent righteousness of the police is completely undermined [PAR] The movie examines the dilemma of love versus duty, which is manifest in three movements. After the opening close-up of the spinning wheel of a police van, we see the police arresting a man who is then fingerprinted and thrown into jail. The prints dissolve over his face, an indication of how the police regard a man\u2019s identity [PAR] During the arrest, the detective acts as if the procedure were the most routine event. He washes his hands afterwards, and remarks casually to a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Five myths about Jackie Kennedy - The Washington Post Five myths about Jackie Kennedy - The Washington Post [PAR] Five myths about Jackie Kennedy [PAR] The inside track on Washington politics. [PAR] Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we\u2019ll e-mail you free updates as they\u2019re published. [PAR] You\u2019ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. [PAR] You\u2019re all set! [PAR] Jacqueline Kennedy relaxing in a chair, a few weeks after her husband won the presidency. (AFP/Getty Images) [PAR] By Michael Beschloss By Michael Beschloss October 24, 2013 [PAR] Michael Beschloss\u2019s most recent book is \u201c Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy .\u201d [PAR] Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, the glamorous wife who was beside John F. Kennedy during his presidency and when he was shot, was for 33 years the most famous woman on Earth. Yet after 1964, she never wrote or spoke publicly about her 10-year marriage to JFK, let alone the rest of her life. An avalanche of books, written without her cooperation or access to her papers, have reduced some of the mystery surrounding her but have inevitably left us with myths about Jackie Kennedy that are widely believed to this day. [PAR] 1. She grew up an heiress. [PAR] Certainly she was born to a wealthy family and had a privileged upbringing. Her father, John V. Bouvier III, was an investment banking scion, and her mother, Janet Lee, was the daughter of a construction tycoon who built some of the most distinguished apartment houses on Park Avenue in New York. But her father lost most of his money in the Great Depression, her parents divorced bitterly, and she later said that when she was in boarding school, she was sometimes nervous that her father would not be able to pay her tuition bills. [PAR] When her mother married the Standard Oil heir Hugh D. Auchincloss Jr., his largesse did not extend to Jacqueline and her sister. So when, after graduating from George Washington University in 1951, Jackie took a job as the \u201cInquiring Camera Girl\u201d for the Washington Times-Herald, she did it because she needed the salary. [PAR] 2. As first lady, she was a stranger to hard work. [PAR] As Lady Bird Johnson, the wife of JFK\u2019s vice president, said: Jackie \u201cwas a worker, which I don\u2019t think was always quite recognized.\u201d Her restoration of the White House was not some minor exercise in redecoration. When she toured the mansion after JFK\u2019s election in 1960, she was astonished to find that the state rooms looked like the lobby of a prosaic Statler Hotel, which to her meant dreariness. That was not an accident; after the White House was gutted and rebuilt with an interior steel frame during Harry Truman\u2019s second term, Truman had saved money by having the New York department store B. Altman furnish the mansion\u2019s main floor. [PAR] Jackie was appalled that there were so few artifacts, paintings or pieces of furniture rooted in American history. She took it upon herself to raise private money, recruit scholars and search for such objects that would constitute a permanent White House collection. Within a year, this was sufficiently underway, so that in February 1962, she was able to stage her famous televised tour of the state floor of the mansion in its new incarnation, which, for the most part, was similar to how it looks today. During that TV show, she said she was trying to improve the way \u201cthe presidency is presented to the world.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oval car stickers - World Standards Oval car stickers - World Standards [PAR] Oval car stickers [PAR] Google+3 [PAR] What\u2019s the deal with those white oval-shaped bumper stickers? Good question! [PAR] The usage of these white oval decals originated in Europe in the early 20th century. European countries are relatively small and drivers have always frequently crossed from country to country. Moreover, in those days European licence plates all looked confusingly similar, so Europe needed to find an easy way to identify each vehicle\u2019s country of registration. They came up with the idea of making it mandatory to put a white oval-shaped sticker with black country initials on the back of all vehicles. [PAR] This European custom became an international requirement in many countries after the U.N.\u2019s Geneva Convention on Road Traffic (1949) and Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968). It was agreed upon that a distinguishing sign of the country of registration had to be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. It also stipulated that the sign could either be placed separately from the registration plate or could be incorporated into the vehicle\u2019s number plate and if the international registration letter was incorporated into the licence plate, it also had to appear on the front number plate. [PAR] These days, oval stickers with an international circulation mark are not as common anymore in Europe, since standard E.U. number plates have integrated the country code into a blue strip on the left side of the plate. This blue section is actually the flag of Europe (a circle of 12 yellow stars on a blue background), with the country code of the member state underneath it. [PAR] Since only two countries border the United States and the vast majority of Americans, Canadians and Mexicans hire a car instead of bringing their own when they go abroad, there was no need for car ovals at all. This explains why these oval-shaped country stickers have never been subject to any kind of regulation by the American Government. At some point in the early 80s, however, it became trendy for Americans to look European: with the yuppie bimmer craze, it was not uncommon to see BMWs with the German \u201cD\u201d oval sticker (Deutschland) driving on American highways (see picture on the left). [PAR] Soon, some Americans started putting all kinds of other stickers on their cars in order to boast about what amazing (European) destinations they had been to. White oval bumper stickers gradually became a fad status symbol, so people started making Euro-looking stickers with abbreviations for places in the States. Common stickers are for instance things like \u201cMV\u201d for Martha\u2019s Vineyard, \u201cCA\u201d for California, \u201cACK\u201d for Nantucket (which is the airport code) and \u201cOBX\u201d for the Outer Banks of North Carolina. [PAR] Below is an extensive listing of all independent countries of the world and their international car code. [PAR] Country[DOC] [TLE] Vehicle documents required for international road haulage ... Vehicle documents required for international road haulage - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Vehicle documents required for international road haulage [PAR] From: [PAR] Vehicle documents drivers need to legally cross international borders in a UK-registered vehicle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Further Information [PAR] When you drive a goods vehicle from one country to another, you must make sure that you have certain documents on board. [PAR] This guide provides information about the documents you will need as a driver to make sure that your vehicle is legally able to cross international borders. [PAR] Vehicle registration documents [PAR] If you take a UK-registered vehicle out of the country for less than 12"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American Literature from 1830 to the Turn of the Century ... American Literature from 1830 to the Turn of the Century | Department of English and Comparative Literature [PAR] Department of English and Comparative Literature [PAR] American Literature from 1830 to the Turn of the Century [PAR] RATIONALE [PAR] My objective is to focus on mid-19th century American literature. In the most general terms, I am particularly interested in representations of freedom and captivity during this time period. The following titles are arranged chronologically. [PAR] [PAR] \u2014 \"My Kinsman, Major Molineux\" (1831) [PAR] \u2014 \"Roger Malvin's Burial\" (1831) [PAR] \u2014 \"The May-Pole of Merry Mount\" (1835) [PAR] \u2014 \"The Minister's Black Veil\" (1835) [PAR] Ralph Waldo Emerson (1880-1882) \"Nature\" (1836) [PAR] \u2014 \"The American Scholar\" (1837) [PAR] \u2014 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave (1845) [PAR] Nathaniel Hawthorne [PAR] \u2014 Selections from Final Harvest (assorted years) [PAR] Harriet Jacobs (c.1813-1897) [PAR] \u2014 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: (1861) [PAR] \u2014 Written by Herself [PAR] \u2014 Portrait of a Lady (1881) [PAR] \u2014 \"The Art of Fiction\" (1884) [PAR] Mark Twain (1835-1910) [PAR] \u2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) [PAR] Herman Melville [PAR] \u2014 \"The Turn of the Screw\" (1898) [PAR] Kate Chopin (1851-1904) [PAR] \u2014 The Souls of Black Folk (1903) [PAR] Henry James [PAR] \u2014 \"The Beast in the Jungle\" (1903) [PAR] Edith Wharton (1862-1937) [PAR] \u2014 The House of Mirth (1905) [PAR] Latest News [PAR] Prof. James Shapiro's Book, The Year of Lear, Shortlisted for PBK Award [PAR] The Phi Beta Kappa Society is pleased to announce the titles of the fifteen books from among those released in 2015 that are on the short lists for the Society\u2019s annual book awards, The Christian Gauss Award, The Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science, and The Ralph Waldo Emerson Award."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nautilus travels under North Pole - American & World History Nautilus travels under North Pole - Aug 03, 1958 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 08/03/1958 - Nautilus Reaches North Pole [PAR] The Nautilus nuclear sub travels under the North Pole, the space shuttle Columbia launches, Jesse Owens wins his 4th gold medal at the Berlin Olympics, and the Statue of Liberty reopens after 9-11 in This Day in History video. The date is August 3rd. The Statue of Liberty is on Liberty Island and was designed by sculptor, Frederic Bartholdi. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] Nautilus travels under North Pole [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Nautilus travels under North Pole [PAR] Author [PAR] Nautilus travels under North Pole [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On August 3, 1958, the U.S. nuclear submarine Nautilus accomplishes the first undersea voyage to the geographic North Pole. The world\u2019s first nuclear submarine, the Nautilus dived at Point Barrow, Alaska, and traveled nearly 1,000 miles under the Arctic ice cap to reach the top of the world. It then steamed on to Iceland, pioneering a new and shorter route from the Pacific to the Atlantic and Europe. [PAR] The USS Nautilus was constructed under the direction of U.S. Navy Captain Hyman G. Rickover, a brilliant Russian-born engineer who joined the U.S. atomic program in 1946. In 1947, he was put in charge of the navy\u2019s nuclear-propulsion program and began work on an atomic submarine. Regarded as a fanatic by his detractors, Rickover succeeded in developing and delivering the world\u2019s first nuclear submarine years ahead of schedule. In 1952, the Nautilus\u2019 keel was laid by President Harry S. Truman, and on January 21, 1954, first lady Mamie Eisenhower broke a bottle of champagne across its bow as it was launched into the Thames River at Groton, Connecticut. Commissioned on September 30, 1954, it first ran under nuclear power on the morning of January 17, 1955. [PAR] Much larger than the diesel-electric submarines that preceded it, the Nautilus stretched 319 feet and displaced 3,180 tons. It could remain submerged for almost unlimited periods because its atomic engine needed no air and only a very small quantity of nuclear fuel. The uranium-powered nuclear reactor produced steam that drove propulsion turbines, allowing the Nautilus to travel underwater at speeds in excess of 20 knots. [PAR] In its early years of service, the USS Nautilus broke numerous submarine travel records and on July 23, 1958, departed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on \u201cOperation Northwest Passage\u201d\u2013the first crossing of the North Pole by submarine. There were 116 men aboard for this historic voyage, including Commander William R. Anderson, 111 officers and crew, and four civilian scientists. The Nautilus steamed north through the Bering Strait and did not surface until it reached Point Barrow, Alaska, in the Beaufort Sea, though it did send its periscope up once off the Diomedes Islands, between Alaska and Siberia, to check for radar bearings. On August 1, the submarine left the north coast of Alaska and dove under the Arctic ice cap. [PAR] The submarine traveled at a depth of about 500 feet, and the ice cap above varied in thickness from 10 to 50 feet, with the midnight sun of the Arctic shining in varying degrees through the blue ice. At 11:15 p.m. EDT on August 3, 1958, Commander Anderson announced to his crew: \u201cFor the world, our country, and the Navy\u2013the North Pole.\u201d The Nautilus passed under the geographic North Pole without pausing. The submarine next surfaced in the Greenland Sea between Spitzbergen and Greenland on August 5. Two days later, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This date in science: John Glenn first American to orbit ... This date in science: John Glenn first American to orbit Earth | Space | EarthSky [PAR] This date in science: John Glenn first American to orbit Earth [PAR] By EarthSky in Space | February 20, 2016 [PAR] On February 20, 1962, John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. He made three turns around the planet before returning safely. [PAR] February 20, 1962. John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth on this date. He made three turns around the planet before returning safely in his space capsule, which was called Friendship 7. He followed two Russian cosmonauts in making this early orbit of our planet: Yuri Gagarin ( April 1961) and Gherman Titov (August 1961). [PAR] While Glenn was in orbit, NASA controllers received an indication that the heat shield on his craft had come loose. They instructed Glenn not to jettison the rockets underneath the heat shield during re-entry, because the rockets might be able to hold the shield in place. Fortunately, the indication turned out to be a false alarm. [PAR] Glenn returned to space at age 77 aboard the space shuttle Discovery in 1998, making him the oldest person to fly in space. His mission\u2019s primary scientific aim at that time was to study the effects of spaceflight on seniors. [PAR] John Glenn climbs into the Friendship 7 spacecraft just before making his first trip into space on February 20, 1962. Photo via NASA [PAR] John Glenn and Friendship 7 [PAR] Here\u2019s what John Glenn saw on February 20, 1962. Just 5 minutes and 44 seconds after launch, Glenn offered his first words about the view from his porthole: \u201cThis is Friendship 7. Can see clear back; a big cloud pattern way back across towards the Cape. Beautiful sight.\u201d Three hours later, at the beginning of his third orbit, Glenn photographed this panoramic view of Florida from the Georgia border (right, under clouds) to just north of Cape Canaveral. His American homeland was 162 miles (260 kilometers) below. \u201cI have the Cape in sight down there,\u201d he noted to mission controllers. \u201cIt looks real fine from up here. I can see the whole state of Florida just laid out like on a map. Beautiful.\u201d Image via NASA [PAR] Bottom line: John Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth on February 20, 1962. His space capsule was called Friendship 7.[DOC] [TLE] Astronaut Bio: John Glenn, Jr. 1/99 - Johnson Space Center Astronaut Bio: John Glenn, Jr. 1/99 [PAR] John Herschel Glenn, Jr. (Colonel, USMC, Ret.) [PAR] NASA Astronaut (former) [PAR] PERSONAL DATA: Born July 18, 1921 in Cambridge, Ohio. Married to the former Anna Margaret Castor of New Concord, Ohio. They have two grown children and two grandchildren. [PAR] EDUCATION: Glenn attended primary and secondary schools in New Concord, Ohio. He attended Muskingum College in New Concord and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering. Muskingum College also awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science degree in engineering. He has received honorary doctoral degrees from nine colleges or universities. [PAR] SPECIAL HONORS: Glenn has been awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on six occasions, and holds the Air Medal with 18 Clusters for his service during World War II and Korea. Glenn also holds the Navy Unit Commendation for service in Korea, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, the American Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the China Service Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, the Korean Service Medal, the United Nations Service Medal, the Korean Presidential Unit Citation,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Branches of medicine - Medical schools | Medical careers Branches of medicine | Medicine branches | Medicine | Medical Schools [PAR] Branches of Medicine [PAR] Medical schools \u00bb Medicine \u00bb Branches of medicine [PAR] Branches of medicine [PAR] Medicine as a career has a variety of specializations; but focusing in the branches with more demand that help you as a future doctor to define your specialty, the list is as follow. Consider that depend of your country, some of the branches of medicine could get a difference in the names. In this sense we make a reference to the main branches offered in the majority of countries. [PAR] Basic sciences [PAR] In general the basic sciences are related to the study and to the training; receive by every student as a part of their medicine career. [PAR] Anatomy is the branch of medicine and biology which is concerned with the shape and structure of body and the relationship of its organs. Also related to morphology of animals and plants. [PAR] Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry studying the chemical behavior in living systems. It also applied to dentistry, veterinary medicine and pharmacology in which a biochemist could investigate a drug action. [PAR] Biostatistics, also referred as a biometry, it is the use of statistical tests to analyze biological data and the interpretation of its results. [PAR] Cytology or cell biology is the branch of science life that deals with the structure, composition, function of cells, and also the interaction between them in an environment in which they exists. [PAR] Embryology is the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms, from the ovum\u00b4s fertilization to the fetus stage. [PAR] Endocrinology is the branch of medicine and biology related to the specific secretions called hormones and their effect of the endocrine organs which include thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, ovaries, pancreas and testes. [PAR] Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations within public health, causes by a virus, bacteria or some other factor. [PAR] Genetics is part of the biology and concern the study of genes, heredity and their effects on inheritance of specific traits and on other biological processes. [PAR] Histology is the branch of medicine and biology that study the microscopic structure of cells and tissues under a light microscope. [PAR] Immunology considered as the main branch of medical science that deals with all mechanics physiological of the biological integral defense of all organisms, called the immune system. [PAR] Microbiology is the science that studies microscopic organisms, specifically for them which are under the power of human eye. [PAR] Molecular biology is the branch of biology and chemistry and deals with the study molecular of the process developed in the organisms. [PAR] Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Actually is part of chemistry, engineering, mathematics, philosophy and psychology fields. [PAR] Nutrition is the study of dietary requirements for people. Know the composition of food will help to prevent health problems. [PAR] Pathology is the study of disease, its causes, mechanisms and effects on the organisms. [PAR] Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties and effects upon living organisms. Is related to biological effects causes by drugs on organisms. [PAR] Physiology is the branch of medicine and closely related to the anatomy, physiology deals with the activities and processes of living organisms, as well as mechanical and physical functions. [PAR] Toxicology is closely related to medicine, chemistry and biology, basically is the study of the nature, effects and detection of poisons"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Iron Triangle (1989) - IMDb The Iron Triangle (1989) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Based on the diary of an unknown Viet Cong soldier, this film provides a sympathetic look at a Viet Cong soldier who protected a captured American soldier whom he believed did not kill him ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 18 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 68 titles [PAR] created 03 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 200 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 1037 titles [PAR] created 22 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: The Iron Triangle (1989) [PAR] 5.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] The title refers to the U.S. Army's former \"MOS\" (job code) for a combat cameraman. [PAR] Director: Patrick Sheane Duncan [PAR] The final movie in Oliver Stone's Vietnam trilogy follows the true story of a Vietnamese village girl who survives a life of suffering and hardship during and after the Vietnam war. As a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] The memories of a US private in Vietnam who slowly gets disillusioned as the war progresses. [PAR] Stars: Brad Davis, Keith Carradine, Michael O'Keefe [PAR] Marvin, a heavy-drinking widower who has seen better days and now ekes out a living at odd jobs, meets Tige, an 11-year-old black boy about to kill himself because his mother has just died.... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Eric Weston [PAR] A tough sergeant and his sidekick roll into a demoralized firebase and proceed to rebuild morale and fortifications in advance of the climactic battle with the VietCong. [PAR] Director: Brian Trenchard-Smith [PAR] An outcast military cadet taps into a way to summon demons and cast spells on his tormentors through his computer. [PAR] Director: Eric Weston [PAR] Forced by the imminent foreclosure of their friend's bar, two lifelong buddies will decide to rob a bank's armored car, not knowing that its cargo is not money, but a new street drug. [PAR] Director: Simon Wincer [PAR] A classic tale of love and survival in the brutal world of bare knuckle fighting. Powerfully told and acted by a wonderful ensemble of actors... See full synopsis \u00bb [PAR] Director: Eric Weston [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4.8/10 X [PAR] A team of corrupt L.A. cops who thrive on brutality and extortion is being murdered one by one. Two young cops, Egan and McAllister, are put on the case. As the body count rises, evidence points to Egan as the suspect. [PAR] Director: Eric Weston [PAR] True story of Army man John Paul Vann, whose military success provided him the fulfillment he never found in his personal life. [PAR] Director: Terry George [PAR] During the early 1960s, U.S. military advisers in South Vietnam discover the same challenges that plagued the French army in Indochina ten years prior. [PAR] Director: Ted Post [PAR] Follows a group of men as they prepare for the Vietnam war and their eventual tour of Vietnam. [PAR] Director: Sidney J. Furie [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Based on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is laughing gas? - Frostburg State University General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Introduction to inorganic chemistry: What is laughing gas? [PAR] Introduction to inorganic chemistry [PAR] Next Question [PAR] What is laughing gas? [PAR] Laughing gas is nitrous oxide, N2O (more properly called dinitrogen oxide). It is a colorless gas with a sweet odor and taste. Inhalation leads to disorientation, euphoria, numbness, loss of motor coordination, dizziness, and ultimately a loss of consciousness. The gas is used as an anaesthetic, as a propellant in whipped cream cans, and as an oxidizing agent in racing cars. [PAR] What is the structure of nitrous oxide? [PAR] Linear structure of N2O. Click on the picture for a 3D Chime model. [PAR] Formal charge considerations suggest that the most important resonance structures are [PAR] A third structure involving a triple bond between the nitrogen and oxygen is unlikely because that would result in high formal charges. These resonance structures can be used to explain experimental bond lengths. The nitrogen-nitrogen bond is 1.126 Angstroms long which is slightly longer than the triple bond length in N2 (1.098 Angstroms). The nitrogen-oxygen bond is 1.186 Angstroms long. This is longer than the typical N=O bond (about 1.14 Angstroms), which agrees with the prediction of partial single-bond character for the NO bond in N2O. [PAR] The molecule is not strongly polar, despite the large electronegativity difference between nitrogen and oxygen. The resonance structures again can be used to explain why: the negative formal charge is concentrated on the terminal nitrogen in the structure at left,. The oxygen bears a negative formal charge in the other structure. Each structure is polar, but the dipole moments point in opposite directions. The dipole moment is expected to be small due to cancellation of the contributions from both structures. [PAR] The low polarity of the gas makes it both fat and water soluble. This allows it to travel through the bloodstream and into the fatty membranes of nerve cells where it produces its characteristic effects. Nitrous oxide's fat solubility and low toxicity make it an ideal propellant for whipped cream. It dissolves easily in cream under pressure and bubbles out of solution when the pressure is released, creating a fine creamy foam. [PAR] How was nitrous oxide discovered? [PAR] Joseph Priestley (the discover of oxygen, soda pop , and carbon dioxide) described the preparation of \"nitrous air diminished\" in his classic 1772 paper Observations on Different Kinds of Air. The gas he collected over mercury supported combustion, but did not itself burn. He described the bizarre enlarged double-cone of a candle flame in nitrous oxide with great excitement: \"I have now discovered an air five or six times as good as common air... nothing I ever did has surprised me more, or is more satisfactory.\" But Priestley seems to have overlooked the powerful psychoactive effects of breathing nitrous oxide. [PAR] Over 20 years later, Humphry Davy wrote about the intoxicating effects of nitrous oxide , comparing them to the effects of alcohol. Breathing air after inhaling high concentrations of the gas sometimes lead to hysterical laughter. It also lead to a cessation of pain and \"laughing gas\" became the first artifical anaesthetic. It was in common use by surgeons in the late 19th century, and is still widely used in dentistry today. [PAR] Why is nitrous oxide used in rocket fuels and racing cars? [PAR] Nitrous oxide supports combustion better than air does. The N2O molecule dissociates at temperatures well below what is required for combustion, delivering an atom of oxygen and freeing molecular nitrogen: [PAR] N2O(g) [PAR] N2(g) +"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Field Specifications - Little League Baseball and Softball Field Specifications [PAR] Field Specifications [PAR] Print [PAR] The responsibility for the upkeep of the fields at a local Little League program belongs to the local league board of directors. In many areas, the local league has an agreement with a municipality to maintain the fields. [PAR] Generally, the distance between base paths on fields for 12-year-olds and below in baseball and in all divisions of softball is 60 feet. A local Little League board of directors may opt to use a 50-foot diamond in the Tee Ball divisions. The distance in all divisions of baseball for 13-year-olds, is up to 90 feet, with a local league option to shorten the distance to 75 feet for Junior League Baseball and 70 feet for Intermediate (50/70) Baseball Division for regular season play. [PAR] The pitching distance for divisions of baseball for the Major Division and below is 46 feet. Pitching distance for divisions of baseball for Junior and Senior League Divisions is 60 feet, 6 inches, with a local league option to shorten the distance to 54 feet for Junior League Baseball and 50 feet for Intermediate (50/70) Baseball Division for regular season play. The pitching distance for the different divisions of softball are as follows: Minor League: 35 feet; Little League (Majors): 40 feet; Junior and Senior League: 43 feet. [PAR] Distance from the back of home plate to the outfield fence is a local league option, but the following distances are recommended: baseball, Major Division and below, 200 feet; Intermediate (50/70) Baseball is 200 feet and Junior and Senior League Divisions, is 300 feet. See playing rules for tournament distances. For girls softball, all divisions, 200 feet. [PAR] All dugouts must be protected by a fence or screen. [PAR] Lights, if used, must meet the minimum standards required by Little League. Standards are published in the Operating Manual. [PAR] Selection of fields for Tournament Play is solely the responsibility of the District Administrator(s) for levels below regional. [PAR] Contact your regional headquarters if you have further questions. [PAR] Quick Links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Official Web Site Of Ty Cobb ; Biography Of Ty Cobb The Official Web Site of Ty Cobb; Biography of Ty Cobb [PAR] A 1942 survey of former major league managers pointed the finger toward Ty Cobb as the greatest baseball player of all time. Many great players have surfaced on the diamond, but none out-hit, outplayed, or out-hustled the man they called \"The Georgia Peach.\" According to the Elias Sports Bureau, during 24 seasons, most with the Detroit Tigers and a couple with the Philadelphia Athletics, Cobb compiled a .367 batting average, the highest in the history of the game. He is the leader in runs scored with 2,245, and was the all-time hit leader until the mid-1980s when Pete Rose eclipsed him. In 1936, Ty Cobb became the first inductee of baseball\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Hall of Fame, earning 222 out of a possible 226 votes. [PAR] The eldest of three children, he grew up in Royston, Georgia, under the watchful eyes of his father, who was a schoolteacher, principal, newspaper publisher, state senator, and county school commissioner who urged Ty to study. When Ty went off to play professional baseball, his father sternly warned him, \"Don't come home a failure.\" It is unlikely that anyone can beat his lifetime batting average. In his 24 seasons of playing baseball he topped the .300 barrier 23 times. Cobb's first great season came in 1907, and the Tigers rode success all the way to the World Series. That season, the centerfield's batting average was .350. Other league bests include 212 hits, 119 RBIs, and 49 stolen bases. Cobb did not stop there. He won nine consecutive batting titles starting in 1907. Cobb might be remembered best for his intimidating and harsh playing style. He was never afraid to go to extremes to win a game. He could take pain, as well as hand it out. \"I recall when Cobb played a series with each leg a mass of raw flesh,\" Grantland Rice wrote. \"He had a temperature of 103 and the doctors ordered him to bed for several days, but he got three hits, stole three bases, and won the game. Afterward he collapsed at the bench.\" Cobb looked for every possible way to win. He used his great speed and precision hitting as the best weapons available in the dead-ball, strong-pitching era. Cobb studied pitchers and took advantage of their weaknesses. Against Walter Johnson, the great Washington right-hander who was afraid of hitting batters with fastballs, Cobb crowded the plate. Johnson worked him outside, fell behind in the count, and finally threw slow pitches over the plate. Cobb clobbered ball after ball. [PAR] His best years were 1911, when he led the league in every major offensive category but homers and batted a career high .420, and in 1915 when he stole 96 bases. [PAR] Ty paid the price for success. He would practice sliding until his legs were raw. He would place blankets along the base and practice bunting a ball on the basket. During the winter he hunted through daylight hours in weighted boots so that his legs would be strong for the upcoming campaign. He overlooked no opportunity to gain an edge over his opponents, most of whom admired his drive to succeed. [PAR] Cobb appreciated the value of a dollar and engaged in annual haggles with Detroit executives before signing his contract. Cobb's earnings were invested wisely, mostly in General Motors and Coca-Cola stock, which made him very wealthy and probably baseball's first millionaire."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] bets basketball Archives - valleyresponsemagazinekern.com bets basketball Archives - valleyresponsemagazinekern.com [PAR] valleyresponsemagazinekern.com [PAR] by valleyresponsema [PAR] The smaller women\u2019s size was officially recognized much later. [PAR] It is important to remember that one brand cannot fulfill all the above criteria and one has to choose from the many varieties available in the market. The bladder is generally made of butyl rubber. Composite leather basketballs, on the other hand, are good for both indoor and outdoors play. [PAR] There are other factors to be kept in mind while selecting a basketball. This is ensured by even pebbling and wide channels on the surface of the ball. If used outdoors, they tend to crack easily. If you choose expensive basketballs with snazzy designs, they may not be able to last the rigors of outdoor play. Apart from these materials, basketballs for recreational games or children\u2019s matches are made of materials as varied as plastic and foam. The core is made of rubber or sponge, or a mix of both. Almost all basketball retailers offer the NBA prescribed size chart that you can consult before purchasing a basketball. Does it afford a good grip? The Wilson Evolution series, for example, have a Dura fiber cover which helps the fingers grip the ball tightly. But for playing outdoors on rough surfaces, rubber basketballs are the best. [PAR] Leather basketballs are suitable only for indoor play. The third most important factor is durability- does the basketball retain it\u2019s bounce after regular use or goes flat after a few weeks play? . Each type of basketball has its own advantages and disadvantages. [PAR] Then there is the question of price- it is important to remember that expensive brands may not always give value for money. [PAR] Basketballs were first manufactured around 1894 by Albert G Spalding. Size and weight are also important factors while choosing a basketball. [PAR] Basketballs have three parts, the outer shell, the inner core, and the innermost bladder. The basketball as we know it came about in 1934, with the official size 7, or 30\u2033, being decided as the standard basketball size for men. The outer shell maybe made of leather, composite leather, synthetic leather, or rubber. [PAR] Also, the bounce of the basketball must be smooth [PAR] A sports trivia, with amazing facts and figures in just what\u2019s needed then. [PAR] Here is an easy sports trivia, which will be thoroughly enjoyed by kids too. [PAR] The creator of Sherlock Holmes, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, was the first keeper for which English football club? [PAR] AFC Portsmouth [PAR] Which boxer was an underdog with odds of 42:1 when he stunned Mike Tyson? [PAR] Buster Douglas: 1990 [PAR] In cross-country bike racing, what do the initials BMX represent? [PAR] Bicycle moto x (cross) [PAR] Which type of ball was basketball played with until 1929? [PAR] Soccer ball [PAR] In which year was the first Wimbledon tournament held? [PAR] 1877 [PAR] Who is the only coach to win both a Super Bowl and a Rose Bowl? [PAR] Dick Vermeil [PAR] What was banned from 1967 to 1976? [PAR] Slam dunk [PAR] Which was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980s? [PAR] The Los Angeles Dodgers [PAR] Which was the first televised game of the NFL? [PAR] Oct 22, 1939: The Brooklyn Dodgers Vs. Philadelphia Eagles (broadcast by NBC to 500 TV sets) [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Babe Ruth Biography - ESPN Babe Ruth Biography - ESPN [PAR] Babe Ruth Biography [PAR] Personal [PAR] Babe Ruth is a former Major League Baseball player, widely considered to be the greatest baseball player of all-time, starting his career as a pitcher with the Boston Red Sox. In a controversial deal with the New York Yankees, Ruth was sold for $100,00 in a trade that would later be known as \"The Curse of the Bambino.\" With the Yankees, Ruth moved to the outfield and transformed into one of the greatest hitters of all time. He was the first player to hit 60 home runs in a season. Ruth ended his career with a .342 batting average and 714 home runs, which was a record until Hank Aaron surpassed him in 1974. Ruth was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936. [PAR] Early Years [PAR] George Herman Ruth Jr. was born on Feb. 6, 1895 in Baltimore, Md., to Kate Schamberger-Ruth and George Herman Ruth, Sr. Only two of their eight children survived past infancy: Ruth, and his sister, Mamie. At age seven, Ruth was sent to St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys, a reformatory and orphanage. Ruth spent 12 years at the school, rarely seeing his family. It was at St. Mary's that Ruth started playing baseball. He played a variety of positions but played catcher mostly until the age of 15. Ruth started pitching and switched between pitcher and catcher on the St. Mary's varsity baseball team. [PAR] Professional Career [PAR] Minor league career [PAR] During a game in 1913 between St. Mary's and Mount St. Mary's University, Ruth's pitching skills caught the attention of Washington Senators pitcher Joe Engel. Engel told Jack Dunn, owner of the then-minor league Baltimore Orioles, about the prospect, and Dunn signed Ruth to a contract on Feb. 14, 1914. Ruth earned the nickname of \"Babe\" after teammates referred to him as Jack Dunn's newest babe. The nickname stuck with Ruth for the rest of his career. [PAR] On July 7, 1914, Ruth was nearly sold to the Philadelphia Athletics along with Ernie Shore and Ben Egan for $10,000. Athletics owner and manager Connie Mack refused to spend $10,000 on the trio. Ruth was eventually sold to the Boston Red Sox. [PAR] Boston Red Sox (1914-19) [PAR] Babe Ruth made his major league debut on July 11, 1914, for the Boston Red Sox. Ruth appeared in five games during the 1914 season, pitching in four of them. On the mound, Ruth went 2-1 with a 3.91 ERA, and he went just 2-for-10 with two RBI at the plate. Ruth spent a majority of the season with the Providence Grays in the minor leagues. [PAR] Ruth landed a spot in the Red Sox pitching rotation during the 1915 season. In his first full season as a starter, Ruth went 18-18 with a 2.44 ERA in 28 starts. Ruth showed his first glimpse of power at the plate, slugging four home runs and driving in 21 runs. Ruth made his postseason debut in the 1915 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies, grounding out in his only at-bat. [PAR] In 1916, Ruth led the American League in earned run average (1.75), games started (41) and shutouts (9). He went 23-12, including four victories over Washington Senators great Walter Johnson. The Red Sox won their second-straight World Series championship in 1916. Ruth pitched a 14-inning complete game in Game 2 against the Brooklyn Robins. [PAR] Ruth had his best season as a pitcher in 1917, going 24-13 with a 2.01 ERA and 35 complete"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abcde home. What state are the Magic from? answer Q $100 B ... Abcde home. What state are the Magic from? answer Q $100 B. - ppt download [PAR] 2 What state are the Magic from? answer Q $100 B [PAR] 3 What is Hastlebec\u2019s #? answer Q $100 A [PAR] 4 home 8 A $100 A [PAR] 5 answer What was the only team to win two world series? Q $100 C [PAR] 6 The Los Angeles Dodgers home A $100 C [PAR] 7 Home Florida A $100 B [PAR] 8 Q $100 D answer What nickname do boxing fans call 300-pound Eric Esch, King of the Four- Rounders? [PAR] 9 A $100 D home Butterbean. [PAR] 10 Q $100 E answer What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys? [PAR] 11 A $100 E Home The 1960's. [PAR] 12 Q $200 A answer What two players are tied for second behind Ty Cobb in total career runs? [PAR] 13 A $200 A home Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth. [PAR] 14 Q $200 B answer What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 15 A $200 B home 60 feet [PAR] 16 Q $200 C answer How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] 17 A $200 C home None. [PAR] 18 Q $200 D answer By what name is the University of Texas Longhorn mascot known? [PAR] 19 A $200 D home Bevo [PAR] 20 Q $200 E answer How many home runs did Mickey Mantle hit in 1961, the year his New York Yankee teammate Roger Maris hit a then-record-setting 61? [PAR] 21 A $200 E home 54. [PAR] 22 Q $300 A answer How many points was a touchdown worth in 1911? [PAR] 23 A $300 A home Five. [PAR] 24 Q $300 B answer What were NFL players required to wear in games for the first time in 1943? [PAR] 25 A $300 B home Helmets. [PAR] 26 Q $300 C answer What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] 27 A $300 C home Tennis [PAR] 28 Q $300 D answer In cross-country bike racing, what do the initials BMX represent? [PAR] 29 A $300 D home Bicycle moto x (cross). [PAR] 30 Q $300 E answer What is the maximum weight permitted for calves in rodeo calf-roping competition? [PAR] 31 A $300 E home 350 pounds. The minimum is 200 pounds. [PAR] 32 Q $400 A answer What sport used the term \"home run\" ling before baseball? [PAR] 33 A $400 A home Cricket. [PAR] 34 Q $400 B answer Who scored a record 10 hat tricks in an NHL season? [PAR] 35 A $400 B home Wayne Gretzky. [PAR] 36 Q $400 C answer Which two cities have the oldest stadiums in major league baseball? [PAR] 37 A $400 C home Boston and Detroit [PAR] 38 Q $400 D answer What player did the Boston Celtics draft between won-lost seasons of and 61-21? [PAR] 39 A $400 D home Larry Bird. [PAR] 40 Q $400 E answer Who was the first hoopster to win eight NBA scoring titles? [PAR] 41 A $400 E home Michael Jordan [PAR] 42 Q $500 A answer In professional ice hockey, what is the maximum length permitted for the blade of a hockey stick? [PAR] 43 A $500 A home For all players except the goaltender, the blade is limited to 12-1/2 inches in length; for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with the Boston Red Sox from 1961 to 1983. [PAR] Why is the site of a boxing match called a ring when it's square? [PAR] Boxing rings were originally circular. [PAR] In the very first Boston Marathon, 15 runners competed. How many finished? [PAR] 10. [PAR] How long is the average pool cue? [PAR] 57 inches. [PAR] Under the rules outlined in the charter of the International Olympic Committee, how much pure gold must there be in each gold medal awarded to first-place winners? [PAR] At least 6 grams. Silver medals must be at least .925 sterling silver. [PAR] What professional ice hockey star didn't hang up his skates until he was 52? [PAR] Gordie Howe, who played in 1,687 games in the National Hockey League. [PAR] What is the state sport of Alaska? [PAR] Dog-mushing. [PAR] Who was the first athlete to hit a major league home run and make a professional football touchdown in the same week? [PAR] Jim Thorpe, in 1917. He did it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with the Boston Red Sox from 1961 to 1983. [PAR] Why is the site of a boxing match called a ring when it's square? [PAR] Boxing rings were originally circular. [PAR] In the very first Boston Marathon, 15 runners competed. How many finished? [PAR] 10. [PAR] How long is the average pool cue? [PAR] 57 inches. [PAR] Under the rules outlined in the charter of the International Olympic Committee, how much pure gold must there be in each gold medal awarded to first-place winners? [PAR] At least 6 grams. Silver medals must be at least .925 sterling silver. [PAR] What professional ice hockey star didn't hang up his skates until he was 52? [PAR] Gordie Howe, who played in 1,687 games in the National Hockey League. [PAR] What is the state sport of Alaska? [PAR] Dog-mushing. [PAR] Who was the first athlete to hit a major league home run and make a professional football touchdown in the same week? [PAR] Jim Thorpe, in 1917. He did it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with the Boston Red Sox from 1961 to 1983. [PAR] Why is the site of a boxing match called a ring when it's square? [PAR] Boxing rings were originally circular. [PAR] In the very first Boston Marathon, 15 runners competed. How many finished? [PAR] 10. [PAR] How long is the average pool cue? [PAR] 57 inches. [PAR] Under the rules outlined in the charter of the International Olympic Committee, how much pure gold must there be in each gold medal awarded to first-place winners? [PAR] At least 6 grams. Silver medals must be at least .925 sterling silver. [PAR] What professional ice hockey star didn't hang up his skates until he was 52? [PAR] Gordie Howe, who played in 1,687 games in the National Hockey League. [PAR] What is the state sport of Alaska? [PAR] Dog-mushing. [PAR] Who was the first athlete to hit a major league home run and make a professional football touchdown in the same week? [PAR] Jim Thorpe, in 1917. He did it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve Young Biography (Football Player) - Infoplease Steve Young Biography (Football Player) [PAR] Birthplace: Salt Lake City, Utah [PAR] Best known as: Quarterback of the San Francisco 49ers [PAR] Steve Young played quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers for 13 years, 1987-99, taking the starting job from highly popular quarterback Joe Montana in 1991. Young was named the NFL's most valuable player in 1992 and 1994, and in 1995 the 49ers won Super Bowl XXIX. At the start of his career Young played two seasons (1984-85) with the Los Angeles Express of the now-defunct United States Football League, then spent two seasons with the NFL's Tampa Bay Buccaneers before being traded to San Francisco. Young was left-handed, a rarity among pro quarterbacks. He retired after the 1999 season. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Young was inducted into the NFL Hall of Fame on 7 August 2005\u2026 Young is a great-great-great-grandson of Mormon leader Brigham Young . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with the Boston Red Sox from 1961 to 1983. [PAR] Why is the site of a boxing match called a ring when it's square? [PAR] Boxing rings were originally circular. [PAR] In the very first Boston Marathon, 15 runners competed. How many finished? [PAR] 10. [PAR] How long is the average pool cue? [PAR] 57 inches. [PAR] Under the rules outlined in the charter of the International Olympic Committee, how much pure gold must there be in each gold medal awarded to first-place winners? [PAR] At least 6 grams. Silver medals must be at least .925 sterling silver. [PAR] What professional ice hockey star didn't hang up his skates until he was 52? [PAR] Gordie Howe, who played in 1,687 games in the National Hockey League. [PAR] What is the state sport of Alaska? [PAR] Dog-mushing. [PAR] Who was the first athlete to hit a major league home run and make a professional football touchdown in the same week? [PAR] Jim Thorpe, in 1917. He did it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bagel - Haruth The Bagel [PAR] A Short History of the Bagel [PAR] According to legend, the world's first bagel was produced in 1783 as a tribute to Jan Sobieski, King of Poland. The king, a renowned horseman, had just saved the people of Austria from an onslaught by Turkish invaders. In gratitude, a local baker shaped yeast dough into the shape of stirrup to honor him and called it the Austrian word for stirrup, beugel. The roll soon became a hit throughout Eastern Europe. Over time, its shape evolved into a circle with a hole in the center and its named was converted to its modern form, bagel. [PAR] 1683 -- According to legend the first bagels rolled into the world in 1683 when a Viennese baker wanted to pay tribute to Jan Sobieski, the King of Poland. King Jan had just saved the people of Austria from an onslaught of Turkish invaders. The King was a great horseman, and the baker decided to shape the yeast dough into an uneven circle resembling a stirrup (or 'beugal'). (Other German variations of the word are: 'beigel', meaning 'ring', and 'bugel', meaning bracelet.) [PAR] 1872 -- Cream cheese is invented. In 1880, Philadelphia Cream Cheese was started, and in 1920, Breakstone Cream Cheese [PAR] 1880's -- Thousands of Eastern European Jews immigrated to the United States. They brought with them a desire for bagels. Soon bagels became closely associated with New York and Chicago, both cities with large Jewish populations. [PAR] 1907 -- A union just for bagel bakers is formed, the International Bakers Union, joining together 300 bakers. Only sons of union members could be apprenticed to learn the secrets of bagel baking in order to safeguard the culinary art. [PAR] 1935 -- The first Bagel Boss opened, bringing high quality New York bagels to Long Island. [PAR] 1960s -- Bagel production skyrocketed as machines capable of producing 200 to 400 bagels per hour were popularized. [PAR] 1987 -- Bagels made their way into mainstream America, sold around the country in grocery stores and listed as standard items on fast food menus. [PAR] 1988 -- Americans were eating an average of one bagel per month. [PAR] 1993 -- America's consumption of bagels doubled to an average of one bagel every two weeks [PAR] The history of the bagel, the familiar breakfast food that only looks like a doughnut [PAR] A common breakfast among commuters, bagels stand alone as the only bread that is boiled before it is baked, providing chewiness instead of brittle crumbs. Yeast dough is shaped into rings, allowed to rise, then briefly tossed into vigorously boiling water for a few seconds. Then it is baked, where the prior boiling creates a chewy texture. Those that like a bit of gloss on the crust can brush them with sugar water, the traditional method, or egg, a more modern method abhorred by purists. [PAR] The origin of the bagel is up for debate, although it seems to have early taken a foothold in Poland. The first printed mention occurs in Krakow, in 1610 in a list of community regulations that stipulate that bagels are to be given to pregnant women. (Interestingly, given the bagel's association as a 'Jewish' food, there is no mention of religion in this regulation-apparently Christian women ate bagels as well). Others support the theory that an Austrian baker created a stirrup (or 'beugal') made out of dough to give to the King of Poland in 1683, in thanks for his help in defeating the Turks, and in honor of his great horsemanship."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belltown Pub - Seattle Booze Belltown Pub - Seattle Booze [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Booze [PAR] (Q) What popular drink did a Dutch medical professor produce in his laboratory while trying to come up with a blood cleanser that could be sold in drugstores? [PAR] (Q) Gin."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The PeopleString Story - blogspot.com The PeopleString Story [PAR] The PeopleString Story [PAR] Fun Food Trivia [PAR] Fun food trivia questions and answers. [PAR] What milk product did the U.S. Agriculture Department propose as a substitute for meat in school lunches, in 1996? [PAR] A: Yogurt. [PAR] What breakfast cereal was Sonny the Cuckoo Bird \"cuckoo for\"? [PAR] A: Cocoa Puffs. [PAR] Why was the Animal Crackers box designed with a string handle? [PAR] A: The animal shaped cookie treats were introduced in 1902 as a Christmas novelty, and packaged so they would be hung from the Christmas trees. [PAR] On what vegetable did an ancient Egyptian place his right hand when taking an oath? [PAR] A: The onion. Its round shape symbolized eternity. [PAR] How many flowers are in the design stamped on each side of an Oreo cookie? [PAR] A: Twelve. Each as four petals. [PAR] Black-eyed peas are not peas. What are they? [PAR] A: Beans [PAR] What European nation consumes more spicy Mexican food than any other? [PAR] A: Norway [PAR] What part of the banana is used to make banana oil? [PAR] A: No part. Banana oil, a synthetic compound made with amyl alcohol, is named for its banana-like aroma. [PAR] Under what name did the Domino's Pizza chain get its start? [PAR] A: DomNick's [PAR] What was margarine called when it was first marketed in England? [PAR] A: Butterine [PAR] What are the two top selling spices in the world? [PAR] A: Pepper is 1st and mustard is second. [PAR] What was the name of Cheerios when it was first marketed 50 years ago? [PAR] A: Cheerioats [PAR] What flaver of ice cream did Baskin-Robbins introduce to commemorate Americ's landing on the moon on July 20, 1969? [PAR] A: Lunar Cheescake [PAR] What is the most widely eaten fish in the world? [PAR] A: The Herring [PAR] What is the name of the evergeen shrub from which we get capers? [PAR] A: The caper bush. [PAR] What fruits were crossed to produce the nectarine? [PAR] A: None. The nectarine is a smooth skinned variety of the peach. [PAR] What animals milk is used to make authentic Italian mozzarella cheese? [PAR] A: The water buffalo's. [PAR] What nation produces two thirds of the world's vanilla? [PAR] A: Madagascar. [PAR] Why did candy maker Milton S. Hershey switch from making caramels to chocolate bars in 1903? [PAR] A: Caramels didn't retain the imprint of his name in summertime, chocolate did. [PAR] What was the drink we know as the Bloody Mary originally called? [PAR] A: The Red Snapper, which was its name when it crossed the Atlantic from Harry's New York Bar in Paris. [PAR] What was the first commercially manufactured breakfast cereal? [PAR] A: Shredded Wheat. [PAR] When Birdseye introduced the first frozen food in 1930, what did the company call it? [PAR] A: Frosted Food. Company officials feared the word frozen would suggest flesh burns. The name was changed to frozen soon after. [PAR] What American city produces most of the egg rolls sold in grocery stores in the United States? [PAR] A: Houston, Texas. [PAR] What was the first of H.J. Heinz' \"57 varieties\"? [PAR] A: Horseradish, marketed in 1869 [PAR] What is the literal meaning of the Italian word linguine? [PAR] A: Little tongues. [PAR] Where did the pineapple plant originate? [PAR] A: In South America. It didn't reach Hawaii until the early nineteenth century. [PAR] What recipe, first published 50 years ago, has been requested most frequently through the years by the readers of \"Better Homes and Garden\"? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Food Timeline: history notes--Asian-American cuisine The Food Timeline: history notes--Asian-American cuisine [PAR] Asian food was introduced to the United States in the mid-1800's when Chinese immigrants from Canton began settling in California. At that time the food was consumed primarily by the Chinese community. Chinese food became popular with young cosmopolitans in the 1920s because it was considered exotic. It wasn't until after World War II that Asian cuisines (notably Chinese, Japanese and Polynesian) piqued the interest of mainstream America. Sylvia Lovegren's Fashionable Food: Seven Decades of Food Fads [MacMillan:New York] 1995 describes America's 20th century Asian food fads. In the 1960s Polynesian theme restaurants and tiki bars were all the rage. [PAR] While Chinese food was introduced to America in the mid-19th century, Vietnamese (Japanese, Thai, etc.) cuisine was generally unknown to mainstream American diners until the 1970s. Coincidentally, this period also marks the genesis of fusion cuisine, a convergence of fresh foods, exotic tastes and interesting textures. [PAR] From the beginning, Asian dishes intended for American diners were adapted to suit expectations. Emphasis on basic meat and vegetables served in standard (sweet & sour, soy) sauces with fried rice became the norm. In many authentic Asian restaurants, there were two menus: one for people of Asian descent and another for tourists. The difference was more than language. Did you know? Some \"classic\" Chinese menu choices such as fortune cookies are not Chinese at all! They were invented in America. Molly O'Neil's article \"The Chop Suey Syndrome: Americanizing the Exotic,\" New York Times, July 26, 1989 (C1) explains the process. [PAR] \"When Europe began trading with the Orient, the seaport of Canton became the gateway to the West. The Cantonese readily absorbed these cosmopolitan influences and, being great travelers themselves, soon emigrated to Europe and America. They were the first to establish Chinese restaurants ouside their own country and to make Chinese cooking known to the West. As a result, most Chinese restaurants in the United States and Europe are Cantonese.\" [PAR] ---The Thousand Recipe Chinese Cookbook, Gloria Bley Miller [Grosset & Dunlap:New York] (p. 15) [PAR] \"...in 1847, the first Chinese immigrants settled in San Francisco and were followed by thousands who helped to build the transcontinental railways. The meals of hundreds of California families were influenced by cooks who were Chinese and had been hired as housemen in middle-class homes. They seldom were permitted to prepare Oriental meals, but they held to their art of serving vegetables that do to lose their crispness or color...Other Chinese were cooks for the work gangs...In the early California Chinese restaurants there was a willingness to cater to customers--some proprietors served their non-Chinese clients only what they thought those diners wanted, that is, chop suey and fried steak. Better restaurants gained fame on San Francisco's Grant Avenue, on or near New York's Mott Street, in Los Angeles, and every other American city of consequence, and the developing tastes for genuine Chinese food resulted in a vogue for home delivery of such easily portable items as egg rolls and chicken chow mein in paper buckets. But it wasn't until after World War II that Americans began consciously to augment their Oriental kitchen repertoires by attending classes in Chinese cooking and avidly sampling new tastes that became available in restaurants specializing in Mandarin, Hunan, Fukien, and Szechwan dishes in addition to those from Canton. This influence on American eating habits came after new political relationships encouraged interest in largely unknown regions of the People's republic, and many more Chinese entrepreneurs arrived to join what had been dominantly a Cantonese population"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corners of the Globe - DHS International Week 2014 Corners of the Globe - DHS International Week 2014 [PAR] DHS International Week 2014 [PAR] All Levels [PAR] Instructions: [PAR] Played like the traditional four corners game - one person will close their eyes and pick a number, while the others go to one of the four corners in the room. Each number will represent one of the four corners in the room. The corner that is picked will be asked a question. They will collectively come up with one answer, if that answer is wrong every person in that corner will have to sit down. Once a student or group of students is out they will take a seat and follow the instructions below. If they answer it correctly, they all get to stay in. This process will be repeated until there is one man left, that person is the winner [PAR] When someone is eliminated, they will return to their seats and will be handed a crossword puzzle. The answers to the crossword puzzle will correspond with the questions going on in the game. [PAR] If the crossword is completed the student will receive a jolly rancher. The winner will receive 2 jolly ranchers. [PAR] The questions will range from moderately difficult to difficult [PAR] Questions: [PAR] 1. What country is Leonardo Da Vinci from? [PAR] (Italy) [PAR] 2. What is the only Great Lake that does not border Michigan? (Lake Ontario) [PAR] 3. True or false: During World War II Japan was allied with the Axis powers? True [PAR] 4. What city has a large coca cola statue like thing in the city\u2019s MLB park? (San Francisco) [PAR] 5. What American city produces most of the egg rolls sold in grocery stores in the United States? (Houston Texas) [PAR] 6. Italy leads the world in pasta consumption with 61.7 pounds eaten per person per year. What country is second? (Venezuela, where the annual pasta consumption is 27.9 pounds.) [PAR] 7. What eating utensil was first brought to America in 1630 by Massachusetts Bay Colony governor John Winthrop, who carried it around with him in a specially made, velvet-lined leather case? (The fork.) [PAR] 8. The people of which country drink the most milk per capita? (Iceland) [PAR] 9. How many bathrooms are in the white house? (34) [PAR] 10. What is Europe\u2019s oldest currency? Hint: Not the Euro (Greek Drachma) [PAR] 11. What was Muhammad Ali\u2019s name at birth? [PAR] 12. What Asian dynasty fell in the year of 220 C.E? (Han) [PAR] 13. What finally went out of style in Ancient Rome, prompting people to begin wearing short pants called feminalia? (Toga) [PAR] 14. What south Asian city is the planet\u2019s biggest feature film producer? (Bombay) [PAR] 15. What is the capital of Kuwait? (Kuwait City) [PAR] 16. Sri Lanka was known as what until 1972? (Ceylon) [PAR] 17. The University of Paris is more commonly known as what? (The Sorbonne) [PAR] 18. Who is the Greek goddess of agriculture? (Demeter) [PAR] 19. In what nation did Mohandas Gandhi first use civil disobedience as a form of protest? (South Africa) [PAR] 20. What film industry serves as the Nigerian equivalent of Hollywood? (Nollywood) [PAR] 21. What is the name of the world\u2019s least populous national jurisdiction? (Pitcairn Islands) [PAR] 22. In order from most populous to least populous, what are the world\u2019s three most heavily populated nations? (China, India, the United States) [PAR] 23. What does the acronym OPEC stand for? (The Organization of Petroleum exporting Countries) [PAR] 24. How many states does the Federal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Chilling History of Frozen Food - About.com Money A Chilling History of Frozen Food [PAR] A Chilling History of Frozen Food [PAR] A Chilling History of Frozen Food [PAR] Swanson TV Dinner. Courtesy of the Pinnacle Foods Corporation [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated April 01, 2016. [PAR] When we crave fresh fruits and vegetables in the middle of winter, we can thank an American taxidermist for making possible the next best thing. [PAR] [PAR] Clarence Birdseye, who invented and commercialized a method for quick-freezing food products in convenient packages and without altering the original taste, was simply seeking a way for his family to have fresh food all year round. The solution came to him while conducting fieldwork in the arctic, where he observed how the Inuit would preserve freshly caught fish and others meats in barrels of sea water that quickly froze due to the frigid climate. The fish were later thawed, cooked and most importantly tasted fresh -- much more so than anything at the fish markets back at home. He surmised that it was this practice of rapid freezing in extremely low temperatures that allowed meat to retain freshness once thawed and served months later. [PAR] [PAR] Back in the U.S., commercial foods were typically chilled at a higher temperature and thus took longer to freeze. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Should I Buy my House or Continue to Rent? [PAR] Compared to conventional techniques, fast freezing causes smaller ice crystals to form, which is less likely to damage the food. So in 1923, with an investment of $7 for an electric fan , buckets of brine, and cakes of ice, Clarence Birdseye developed and later perfected a system of packing fresh food into waxed cardboard boxes and flash-freezing under high pressure. And by 1927, his company General Seafoods was applying the technology to preserve beef, poultry, fruit, and vegetables. [PAR] [PAR] Two years later, The Goldman-Sachs Trading Corporation and the Postum Company (later the General Foods Corporation) bought Clarence Birdseye\u2019s patents and trademarks in 1929 for $22 million. The first quick-frozen vegetables, fruits, seafoods, and meat were sold to the public for the first time in 1930 in Springfield, Massachusetts, under the trade name Birds Eye Frosted Foods\u00ae. [PAR] These frozen products were initially only available at 18 stores as a way to gauge whether consumers would take to what was then a novel approach to selling food. Grocery shoppers could choose from a fairly wide selection that included frozen meat, blue point oysters, fish fillets, spinach, peas, various fruits and berries. The products were a hit and with the company continued to expand, with frozen food products transported by refrigerated boxcars to distant stores. Today commercially frozen foods are a multi-billion dollar industry and \"Birds Eye,\" a top frozen-food brand, is widely sold just about everywhere. [PAR] [PAR] Birdseye served as consultant to General Foods up until 1938 and eventually turned his attention to other interests and invented an infrared heat lamp , a spotlight for store window displays, a harpoon for marking whales. He would also establish companies to market his products. By the time of his sudden passing in 1956 he had about 300 patents to his name.[DOC] [TLE] The Strange History of Frozen Food: From Clarence Birdseye ... The Strange History of Frozen Food: From Clarence Birdseye to the Distinguished Order of Zerocrats - Eater [PAR] The Strange History of Frozen Food: From Clarence Birdseye to the Distinguished Order of Zerocrats [PAR] Photo: ValeStock / Shutterstock.com [PAR] Gregory Ng is the chief marketing officer for a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which 100-mile long waterway links the Mediterranean and the Which 100-mile long waterway links the Mediterranean and the RedSea? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which 100-mile long waterway links the Mediterranean and the RedSea? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which 100-mile long waterway links the Mediterranean and the RedSea? [PAR] ChristopherLane posted a question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 1:45am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29990764) ]} [PAR] leonardkabib answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 1:46am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29994732) ]} [PAR] The Suez canal which connects the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30000863) ]} [PAR] Search for Other Related Study Materials [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] mathtutor1983 [PAR] 2 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aswan High Dam - About Geography: World Maps, Country ... Aswan High Dam Controls the Nile River [PAR] Aswan High Dam [PAR] Aswan High Dam Controls The Nile River [PAR] Cars drive on a bridge crossing the Nile River in central Cairo, Egypt. Getty Images Europe [PAR] Share [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Just north of the border between Egypt and Sudan lies the Aswan High Dam, a huge rockfill dam which captures the world's longest river , the Nile River, in the world's third largest reservoirs, Lake Nasser. The dam, known as Saad el Aali in Arabic, was completed in 1970 after ten years of work. [PAR] Egypt has always depended on the water of the Nile River. The two main tributaries of the Nile River are the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The source of the White Nile are the Sobat River Bahr al-Jabal (The \"Mountain Nile\") and the Blue Nile begins in the Ethiopian Highlands. The two tributaries converge in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan where they form the Nile River. The Nile River has a total length of 4,160 miles (6,695 kilometers) from source to sea. [PAR] Nile Flooding [PAR] Before the building of a dam at Aswan, Egypt experienced annual floods from the Nile River that deposited four million tons of nutrient-rich sediment which enabled agricultural production. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] This process began millions of years before Egyptian civilization began in the Nile River valley and continued until the first dam at Aswan was built in 1889. This dam was insufficient to hold back the water of the Nile and was subsequently raised in 1912 and 1933. In 1946, the true danger was revealed when the water in the reservoir peaked near the top of the dam. [PAR] In 1952, the interim Revolutionary Council government of Egypt decided to build a High Dam at Aswan, about four miles upstream of the old dam. In 1954, Egypt requested loans from the World Bank to help pay for the cost of the dam (which eventually added up to one billion dollars). Initially, the United States agreed to loan Egypt money but then withdrew their offer for unknown reasons. Some speculate that it may have been due to Egyptian and Israeli conflict. The United Kingdom , France, and Israel had invaded Egypt in 1956, soon after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal to help pay for the dam. [PAR] The Soviet Union offered to help and Egypt accepted. The Soviet Union's support was not unconditional, however. Along with the money, they also sent military advisers and other workers to help enhance Egyptian-Soviet ties and relations. [PAR] Building of the Aswan Dam [PAR] In order to build the Aswan Dam both people and artifacts had to be moved. Over 90,000 Nubians had to be relocated. Those who had been living in Egypt were moved about 28 miles (45 km) away but the Sudanese Nubians were relocated 370 miles (600 km) from their homes. The government was also forced to develop one of the largest Abu Simel temple and dig for artifacts before the future lake would drown the land of the Nubians. [PAR] After years of construction (the material in the dam is the equivalent to 17 of the great pyramid at Giza), the resulting reservoir was named for the former president of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser , who died in 1970. The lake holds 137 million acre-feet of water (169 billion cubic meters). About 17 percent of the lake is in Sudan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History & Politics \u2014 Uganda \u2014 Our Africa History & Politics \u2014 Uganda \u2014 Our Africa [PAR] An unsettled history [PAR] Idi Amin [PAR] Idi Amin In this video\u2026 Charles talks about Idi Amin, former President of Uganda (1971 \u2013 1979). He was a brutal dictator and many people died during his regime. [PAR] Uganda\u2019s recent history includes civil war and two brutal dictatorships. In a country with so much beauty and natural wealth, how did this happen? [PAR] For a start, areas of the north have long been neglected in terms of education, transport links and development. [PAR] The historical influence of Arab merchants and Catholic and Protestant missionaries also caused Ugandans of different religions to fight for dominance. [PAR] The British, who took over in the 1890s, favoured the Protestant Bagandans (people of Buganda). This group was given rule of the country, creating resentment elsewhere. After independence from Britain in 1962, grievances caused political meltdown and civil conflict. [PAR] Brutal dictators [PAR] Scapegoats [PAR] The country\u2019s prosperous Asian community were viewed as a popular target during the reign of Idi Amin. All Asians without Ugandan nationality were ordered to leave. [PAR] In 1971, an army general called Idi Amin overthrew the struggling government in a military coup. Under his brutal rule, the country suffered a moral and economic collapse. [PAR] Idi Amin was defeated in 1979 by Milton Obote, the leader Amin had originally ousted. Under Obote\u2019s rule (1979-86), killings by the army continued. [PAR] While Idi Amin and then Milton Obote were in power, half a million Ugandans died. [PAR] A new era [PAR] In 1982, Yoweri Musevni formed a National Resistance Movement (NRM), an army largely made up of orphans and victims of Amin/Obote. The NRM entered Kampala in January 1986 and took charge of the country. [PAR] A brutal group [PAR] The violence of the past has not totally disappeared. A guerrilla group called the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) has terrorised people across northern Uganda and neighbouring countries over the past two decades. Led by a brutal leader called Joseph Kony, the LRA has killed and abducted tens of thousands of civilians, including many children, and displaced more than 1.5 million people. [PAR] Mr Musevni appointed a government from across ethnic lines, re-established the rule of law and set up a Human Rights Commission. Foreign investment and tourism were encouraged and Uganda\u2019s economy began to grow. The monarchies of key Ugandan regions were also restored. [PAR] Yoweri Musevni won a presidential election in 1996 and again in 2001. In 2006, full democracy returned with multi-party elections and Mr Musevni remained president by popular vote. In power for 25 years, President Musevni won a fourth term of office in the February 2011 elections, making him the longest-serving leader in East Africa. [PAR] Brief history of Uganda\u2019s peoples [PAR] This part of Africa has been inhabited for millions of years by man's earliest ancestors. Pygmoid people probably moved into the region around 3,000 years ago. These small hunter-gatherers are the ancestors of the Bambuti or Batwa. [PAR] Around 200BC, Bantu-speaking people brought iron-age tools and a more settled lifestyle. Over the next thousand years, these people formed small chiefdoms, with larger kingdoms emerging from AD1100. [PAR] After AD1500, three kingdoms rose up \u2013 the Bunyoro, Buganda and Ankole. At first, the Bunyoro was the largest. It had a central structure under a king (omakuma) and a strong trading position, because of its salt mines. But by the late 1700s, the Buganda kingdom and its king (the kabaka) had become established as the major regional power."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ZAR | South African Rand | OANDA ZAR | South African Rand | OANDA [PAR] South African Rand [PAR] Overview [PAR] The South African Rand is the currency of South Africa, and is issued by the South African Reserve Bank. The currency takes its name from the Witwatersrand (\"White-waters-ridge\"), the ridge where most of South Africa's gold deposits were found and where Johannesburg was built. The Rand has the symbol \"R\" and is subdivided into 100 cents. [PAR] Coins are issued in 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R 1, R 2, and R 5 denominations. Banknotes include R 10, R 20, R 50, R 100, R 200 denominations. [PAR] The South African Rand is also legal tender in Swaziland and Lesotho, and is accepted in Namibia. [PAR] Economy [PAR] Daunting economic problems remain from the apartheid era, including poverty, lack of economic empowerment for the disadvantaged, and inadequate public transportation. Unemployment is extremely high (approaching 25%), and South Africa ranks poorly for income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient. [PAR] Growth has recovered in recent years, but unemployment remains high and outdated infrastructure constrains growth. [PAR] A Commission established in 1956 recommended giving up the pound sterling and associated terms pounds, shillings and pence in favor of a new currency named \"rand.\" [PAR] From 1982, the value of the currency started to erode due to mounting international pressure and sanctions against the country because of its apartheid policies. In July 1985, all foreign exchange transactions were suspended for three days to try to stop the devaluation. [PAR] The currency continued to depreciate due to the uncertainty of apartheid reforms and black majority rule. In 1992, the currency depreciated to the level of R 3 to the dollar; in 1999, to R 6 to the dollar. The September 11, 2001 attacks pushed the currency to its weakest historical level of R 13.84 to the dollar in December 2001. The currency has since stabilized. [PAR] History [PAR] A Commission established in 1956 recommended giving up the British Pound and associated terms pounds, shillings and pence in favor of a new currency named \u201cRand.\u201d [PAR] The South African Rand was introduced on February 14, 1961, replacing Round Sterling as legal tender, at two Rand = 1 Pound 10 shillings. 1961 was also the year the country became a republic and left the Commonwealth of Nations following a whites-only referendum. [PAR] From 1982, the value of the currency started to erode due to mounting international pressure and sanctions against the country because of its apartheid policies. In July 1985, all foreign exchange transactions were suspended for three days to try to stop the devaluation. [PAR] Symbols and Names [PAR] Cent = 1/100 of a Rand [PAR] Denominations [PAR] Bills: R 10, R 20, R 50, R 100, R 200 [PAR] Coins: 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c. R 1, R 2, R 5 [PAR] Countries Using This Currency [PAR] SITE MAP [PAR] \u00a9 1996 - 2017 OANDA Corporation. All rights reserved. \"OANDA\", \"fxTrade\" and OANDA's \"fx\" family of trademarks are owned by OANDA Corporation. All other trademarks appearing on this Website are the property of their respective owners. [PAR] Leveraged trading in foreign currency contracts or other off-exchange products on margin carries a high level of risk and may not be suitable for everyone. We advise you to carefully consider whether trading is appropriate for you in light of your personal circumstances. You may lose more than you invest. Information on this website is general in nature. We recommend that you seek independent financial advice and ensure you fully understand the risks involved before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benin: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture ... Benin: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities [PAR] Boni Forms New Government without a Prime Minister [PAR] Geography [PAR] This West African nation on the Gulf of Guinea, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east, is about the size of Tennessee. It is bounded by Burkina Faso and Niger on the north. The land consists of a narrow coastal strip that rises to a swampy, forested plateau and then to highlands in the north. A hot and humid climate blankets the entire country. [PAR] Government [PAR] Republic under a multiparty democratic rule. [PAR] History [PAR] The Abomey kingdom of the Dahomey, or Fon, peoples was established in 1625. A rich cultural life flourished, and Dahomey's wooden masks, bronze statues, tapestries, and pottery are world renowned. One of the smallest and most densely populated regions in Africa, Dahomey was annexed by the French in 1893 and incorporated into French West Africa in 1904. It became an autonomous republic within the French Community in 1958, and on Aug. 1, 1960, Dahomey was granted its independence within the Community. [PAR] Gen. Christophe Soglo deposed the first president, Hubert Maga, in an army coup in 1963. He dismissed the civilian government in 1965, proclaiming himself chief of state. A group of young army officers seized power in Dec. 1967, deposing Soglo. In Dec. 1969, Benin had its fifth coup of the decade, with the army again taking power. In May 1970, a three-man presidential commission with a six-year term was created to take over the government. In May 1972, yet another army coup ousted the triumvirate and installed Lt. Col. Mathieu K\u00e9r\u00e9kou as president. Between 1974 and 1989 Dahomey embraced socialism, and changed its name to the People's Republic of Benin. The name Benin commemorates an African kingdom that flourished from the 15th to the 17th century in what is now southwest Nigeria. In 1990, Benin abandoned Marxist ideology, began moving toward multiparty democracy, and changed its name again, to the Republic of Benin."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Country Information for Morocco - State Morocco [PAR] Send me a copy [PAR] Subject: [PAR] Email addresses provided here will be used solely to email the link indicated. They will not be saved, shared, or used again in any manner whatsoever. [PAR] The CAPTCHA code you entered is not valid, please reenter the CAPTCHA code [PAR] Morocco [PAR] Official Name: Kingdom of Morocco [PAR] Last Updated: April 8, 2016 [PAR] Embassy Messages [PAR] Must be valid at time of entry [PAR] BLANK PASSPORT PAGES: [PAR] One page required for entry stamp [PAR] TOURIST VISA REQUIRED: [PAR] Not required for stays under 90 days [PAR] VACCINATIONS: [PAR] Export of Moroccan dirhams is not allowed [PAR] Expand All [PAR] Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(212)(661) 13-19-39 [PAR] Fax: +(212) (522) 29-77-01 [PAR] KM 5.7, Avenue Mohammed VI [PAR] Souissi, Rabat [PAR] Fax: +(212)(537) 63-72-01 [PAR] Destination Description [PAR] Read the Department of State\u2019s Fact Sheet on Morocco for information on U.S. \u2013 Morocco relations. [PAR] Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements [PAR] Passports and Visas: [PAR] You must have a valid passport with at least one blank page. [PAR] Visas are not required for visits lasting less than 90 days. Visit the Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco website for the most current visa information. [PAR] If you remain in Morocco beyond 90 days without having requested an extension of stay, you will need to appear before a judge prior to departing Morocco. Please contact the immigration office at your local police station for details. Clearance may include the payment of a fine. [PAR] Travelers who plan to reside in Morocco must obtain a residence permit from immigration authorities (Service Etranger) at the central police station of the district of residence. [PAR] Carry a copy of your U.S. passport with you at all times to have proof of identity and U.S. citizenship readily available, if needed. [PAR] Children who possess U.S. passports and who are born to a Moroccan father may experience difficulty leaving Morocco without the father's permission, even if the parents are divorced and the mother has legal custody. Under Moroccan law, these children are considered Moroccan citizens. [PAR] U.S. citizen women married to Moroccans do not need their spouse's permission to leave Morocco. [PAR] HIV/AIDS: The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Morocco. [PAR] Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction , and customs regulations on our websites. [PAR] Safety and Security [PAR] The potential for terrorist violence against U.S. interests and citizens exists in Morocco. Moroccan authorities continue to disrupt groups seeking to attack U.S. or Western-affiliated and Moroccan government targets, arresting numerous individuals associated with international terrorist groups. With indications that such groups still seek to carry out attacks in Morocco, it is important for U.S. citizens to be keenly aware of their surroundings and adhere to prudent security practices such as avoiding predictable travel patterns and maintaining a low profile. [PAR] Establishments that are identifiable with the United States are potential targets for attacks. These may include facilities where U.S. citizens and other foreigners congregate, including clubs, restaurants, places of worship, schools, hotels, movie theaters, U.S. brand establishments, and other public areas. Such targets may also include establishments where activities that may offend religious sensitivities occur, such as casinos or places where alcoholic beverages are sold or consumed. [PAR] All U.S. citizens are urged to remain alert to local security developments and be vigilant regarding their personal security and report any suspicious incidents or problems immediately to Moroccan authorities and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The president of Egypt is assassinated - Oct 06, 1981 ... The president of Egypt is assassinated - Oct 06, 1981 - HISTORY.com [PAR] The president of Egypt is assassinated [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The president of Egypt is assassinated [PAR] Author [PAR] The president of Egypt is assassinated [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Islamic extremists assassinate Anwar Sadat, the president of Egypt, as he reviews troops on the anniversary of the Yom Kippur War. Led by Khaled el Islambouli, a lieutenant in the Egyptian army with connections to the terrorist group Takfir Wal-Hajira, the terrorists, all wearing army uniforms, stopped in front of the reviewing stand and fired shots and threw grenades into a crowd of Egyptian government officials. Sadat, who was shot four times, died two hours later. Ten other people also died in the attack. [PAR] Despite Sadat\u2019s incredible public service record for Egypt (he was instrumental in winning the nation its independence and democratizing it), his controversial peace negotiation with Israel in 1977-78, for which he and Menachem Begin won the Nobel Peace Prize, made him a target of Islamic extremists across the Middle East. Sadat had also angered many by allowing the ailing Shah of Iran to die in Egypt rather than be returned to Iran to stand trial for his crimes against the country. [PAR] Libyan leader Muammar Qadaffi, who sponsored Takfir Wal-Hajira, had engineered his own unsuccessful attempt on Sadat\u2019s life in 1980. Despite the well-known threats on his life, Sadat did not withdraw from the public eye, believing it was important to the country\u2019s well-being that he be open and available. [PAR] Before executing their plan, Islambouli\u2019s team of assassins took hits of hashish to honor a long-standing Middle Eastern tradition. As their vehicle passed the reviewing stand, they jumped out and started firing. Vice President Hosni Mubarak was sitting near Sadat but managed to survive the attack. Taking over the country when Sadat died, Mubarak arrestedhundreds of peoplesuspected to have participated in the conspiracy to kill Sadat. [PAR] Eventually, charges were brought against 25 men, who went to trial in November. Many of those charged were unrepentant and proudly admitted their involvement. Islambouli and four others were executed, while 17 others were sentenced to prison time. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which African country was called Upper Volta until 1984? Which African country was called Upper Volta until 1984? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which African country was called Upper Volta until 1984? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which African country was called Upper Volta until 1984? [PAR] BarbaraMcdonald posted a question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 2:14am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Let me explain the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29991236) ]} [PAR] leonardkabib answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 2:15am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Burkina Faso on 4 August... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30012916) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] jood.amc [PAR] 4 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Entrance to King Tut\u2019s tomb discovered - Nov 04, 1922 ... Entrance to King Tut\u2019s tomb discovered - Nov 04, 1922 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Entrance to King Tut\u2019s tomb discovered [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Entrance to King Tut\u2019s tomb discovered [PAR] Author [PAR] Entrance to King Tut\u2019s tomb discovered [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] British archaeologist Howard Carter and his workmen discover a step leading to the tomb of King Tutankhamen in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. [PAR] When Carter first arrived in Egypt in 1891, most of the ancient Egyptian tombs had been discovered, though the little-known King Tutankhamen, who had died when he was 18, was still unaccounted for. After World War I, Carter began an intensive search for \u201cKing Tut\u2019s Tomb,\u201d finally finding steps to the burial room hidden in the debris near the entrance of the nearby tomb of King Ramses VI in the Valley of the Kings. On November 26, 1922, Carter and fellow archaeologist Lord Carnarvon entered the interior chambers of the tomb, finding them miraculously intact. [PAR] Thus began a monumental excavation process in which Carter carefully explored the four-room tomb over several years, uncovering an incredible collection of several thousand objects. The most splendid architectural find was a stone sarcophagus containing three coffins nested within each other. Inside the final coffin, which was made out of solid gold, was the mummy of the boy-king Tutankhamen, preserved for more than 3,000 years. Most of these treasures are now housed in the Cairo Museum. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which African countries does the equator pass through ... Which African countries does the equator pass through? | Reference.com [PAR] Which African countries does the equator pass through? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The equator passes through the African countries of Gabon, Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Somalia. In total, the equator passes through 12 countries. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In addition to the six African countries that the equator passes through, it also passes through Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Maldives, Indonesia, Kiribati and Sao Torne and Principe. [PAR] The equator represents a great circle that is equal distance from both poles on the Earth, the North and South Poles. It divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The tropics are more likely to be found around the equator and as a result, temperatures are consistently hotter in these areas of the world than any others."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Hassan of Morocco: world leaders mourn a ruthless ... King Hassan of Morocco: world leaders mourn a ruthless despot - World Socialist Web Site [PAR] World Socialist Web Site [PAR] Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) [PAR] [PAR] King Hassan of Morocco: world leaders mourn a ruthless despot [PAR] By Jean Shaoul [PAR] 28 July 1999 [PAR] King Hassan II of Morocco, who died at the age of 70 last Friday after 38 years on the throne, was the second Middle Eastern puppet of US and European imperialism to die in the last six months. [PAR] Delegations and representatives from more than 60 countries flocked to the Moroccan capital, Rabat, to pay their respects to such a loyal servant. That more than a few put aside their public differences with each other and Morocco to attend speaks volumes for the unstable character of international relations today. [PAR] The US delegation included Bill and Hillary Clinton, who broke off a fund-raising trip to Colorado to attend, former president George Bush and two former Secretaries of State that have played key roles in earlier Middle East peace processes\u2014James Baker and Warren Christopher. [PAR] \"King Hassan worked tirelessly for the welfare of his people,\" Clinton gushed. \"He had taken important steps to deepen freedom in his country\", he added, in an apparent reference to the release from prison of political and militant opponents. [PAR] President Jacques Chirac represented France, which ruled Morocco under the Treaty of Fez from 1912 to 1956. \"We have lost a man who loved France and the French people\u2014we feel immense pain,\" Chirac said. King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia represented Spain, which also once ruled part of Morocco. Prince Charles and Foreign Secretary Robin Cook represented Britain. [PAR] Yassir Arafat came from Palestine. Hafez el-Assad, the Syrian President, pulled out at the last moment but sent his deputy, Mohammed Zuhair Masharqua. President Hosni Mubarak represented Egypt. All these leaders had, publicly at least, opposed Hassan for maintaining friendly relations with Israel, represented at the funeral by Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Foreign Secretary David Levy. Shimon Peres, a former Israeli Prime minister, said, \"With his passing we lose one of the most experienced and wisest leaders that this region has enjoyed in the last half century\". [PAR] Hassan's relations with his North African neighbours had been far from amicable, yet they too came. Mohamed Abdelazziz, the president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), whose territory is controlled by Morocco, joined the mourners. The Polisario Front fought a bitter war against Morocco for more than a decade over Western Sahara, which Morocco claims as its territory. [PAR] President Mohammed Bouteflika came from Algeria, the first official visit in two decades between the two countries, which had closed their borders to the movement of goods and people as a result of the dispute over the Western Sahara. [PAR] Colonel Muammar Gadhaffi ordered Major Khouildi Hamidi, a member of the country's revolutionary council, to cut short his visit to the Gambia in order to represent the Libyan government. Three days of national mourning were declared, despite relations between the two countries having roller-coastered over the last three decades. Libya is technically at war with Israel. [PAR] High level delegations came from all the Middle East states, including Iraq, and other Moslem countries. Heads of state came from 14 African countries. The Organisation for African Unity (OAU) sent condolences, even though Morocco left the OAU more than 20 years ago when it recognised the SADR. [PAR] The various politicians portrayed King Hassan as some"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Siege of Khartoum - Mahdist War - General Charles Chinese ... Mahdist War and the Siege of Khartoum [PAR] approx. 50,000 men [PAR] Siege of Khartoum - Background: [PAR] In the wake of 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War, British troops remained in Egypt to protect British interests. Though occupying the country, they allowed the Khedive to continue overseeing domestic affairs. This included dealing with the Mahdist Revolt which had commenced in Sudan. Though technically under Egyptian rule, large parts of Sudan had fallen to Mahdist forces led by Muhammad Ahmad. Considering himself the Mahdi (the redeemer of Islam), Ahmad defeated Egyptian forces at El Obeid in November 1883 and overran Kordofan and Darfur. This defeat and the deteriorating situation led to Sudan being discussed in Parliament. Assessing the problem and wishing to avoid the cost of intervention, Prime Minister William Gladstone and his cabinet were unwilling to commit forces to the conflict. [PAR] As a result, their representative in Cairo, Sir Evelyn Baring, directed the Khedive to order the garrisons in Sudan to evacuate back into Egypt. To oversee this operation, London requested that Major General Charles \"Chinese\" Gordon be placed in command. A veteran officer and former governor-general of Sudan, Gordon was familiar with the region and its peoples. Leaving in early 1884, he was also tasked with reporting on the best means for extracting the Egyptians from the conflict. Arriving in Cairo, he was re-appointed Governor-General of Sudan with full executive powers. Sailing up the Nile, he arrived at Khartoum on February 18. Directing his limited forces against the advancing Mahdists, Gordon began evacuating women and children north to Egypt. [PAR] Siege of Khartoum - Gordon Digs In: [PAR] Though London desired to abandon Sudan, Gordon firmly believed the Mahdists needed to be defeated or they could overrun Egypt. Citing a lack of boats and transport, he ignored his orders to evacuate and began organizing a defense of Khartoum. In an effort to win over the city's residents, he improved the justice system and remitted taxes. Recognizing that Khartoum's economy rested on the slave trade, he re-legalized slavery despite the fact the he had originally abolished it during his earlier term as governor-general. While unpopular at home, this move increased Gordon's support in the city. As he moved forward, he began requesting reinforcements to defend the city. An initial request for a regiment of Turkish troops was denied as was a later call for a force of Indian Muslims. [PAR] Increasingly agitated by Gladstone's lack of support, Gordon began sending a series of angry telegrams to London. These soon became public and led to a vote of no confidence against Gladstone's government. Though he survived, Gladstone steadfastly refused to become committed to a war in Sudan. Left on his own, Gordon began enhancing Khartoum's defenses. Protected to the north and west by the White and Blue Niles, he saw that fortifications and trenches were constructed to the south and east. Facing the desert, these were supported by land mines and wire barriers. To defend the rivers, Gordon retrofitted several steamers into gunboats which were protected by metal plates. Attempting an offensive near Halfaya on March 16, Gordon's troops faltered and took 200 casualties. In the wake of the setback, he concluded that he should remain on the defensive. [PAR] Siege of Khartoum - The Siege Begins: [PAR] Later that month, Mahdist forces began to near Khartoum and skirmishing commenced. With Mahdist forces closing in, Gordon telegraphed London on April 19 that he had provisions for five months. He also requested two to three thousand Turkish troops as his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Victoria Falls, Zambia and Zimbabwe border - 360 Degree ... Victoria Falls, Zambia and Zimbabwe border - 360 Degree Aerial Panorama | 360\u00b0 Aerial Panoramas, 360\u00b0 Virtual Tours Around the World, Photos of the Most Interesting Places on the Earth [PAR] Total Views: 3 792 394 [PAR] [PAR] \"Victoria\" \u2014 is one of the most spectacular attractions of Africa and one of the most unusual waterfalls in the world. It is created by the Zambezi River that suddenly plummets into a narrow, 100-meters deep chasm. At the same time, Victoria \u2014 is the only waterfall in the world that is over one kilometer wide and over one hundred meters deep. [PAR] Its roar can be heard from 40 kilometers away, while the spray and mist from the falling water rises up to 400 meters and is visible from the distance of 50 kilometers. Even the rainbows are incredible here \u2014 they are of the \"moon\" kind: produced by the light reflected off the surface of the Moon. [PAR] The falls were discovered in 1855 by David Livingstone, the British doctor and a missionary, who named them in honor of Queen Victoria. Locals called this Nature's wonder \"Mosi-oa-Tunya\" (\"The Smoke Which Thunders\") and were afraid to even get close to it. Brave Livingstone was the first European who could cross the entire Dark Continent from the South to the North. His expedition, aimed at bringing Christianity to Africa, was accompanied by 300 warriors from one of the tribes, but only two of them dared to get close to the waterfall. [PAR] However, the traveler was not too happy about his discovery. For Livingstone, this wall of water was just an obstacle that prevented the Christians from reaching the tribes in the depths of the continent. [PAR] For a long time the waterfall remained practically without any visitors, until the construction of the railroad in 1905. Nowadays, this place is named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Locals from both Zambia and Zimbabwe have lost their fears of the \"Smoke That Thunders\" and they have successfully developed tourist business on both sides of the river. [PAR] Curiously, during the dry season that lasts approximately from September to December, water level in Zambezi river falls, and one can walk through the most part of the waterfall, jumping between the streams that are running down. However, at all other times, Victoria is a roaring machine, the power of which leaves an unforgettable impression. [PAR] One of the peculiar ways of entertainment at Victoria, hardly known to the mainstream tourists \u2014 is a natural pool, about ten meters wide, located right next to the cliff, next to the Livingstone's island. Just a narrow strip separates it from the deep precipice. No wonder that his place was called \"Devil's Pool\". [PAR] After getting into this pool the swimmer can feel how tons and tons of swirling water plummet nearby. This pool is closed during the high-water season, as the swimmers can be dragged by the current into the precipice, so the tours to this pool only start in autumn. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Photos taken from http://exfun.ru [PAR] Victoria is not the tallest waterfall in the world (how could its 100-meter height compare with a 979-meter tall Angel in Venezuela). However, bungee jumping from \"Victoria Falls\" bridge is a very popular activity here. Anyone wishing to try bungee jumping is tied by the elastic cords, and then he or she plummets downwards, experiencing the thrill of the free-falling for just a few seconds. The cord stretches near the water, bounces back and about a dozen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Africa Map: Interactive Map of Africa with countries and ... Africa Map: Interactive Map of Africa with countries and capitals [PAR] [PAR] Africa [PAR] is the warmest continent. The equator runs through Africa about halfway between the northern-most and southern-most points. Over three-quarters of Africa is in the tropics; only the upper part of the Sahara, the Mediterranean area, and the southern tip of Africa, are outside of the tropics. Except for the peaks of high mountains, it never freezes in these tropical regions. Because of being in the tropics, the snow line is much higher up than it would be on a mountain of similar height in the temperate zone. [PAR] Africa is divided by the Sahara Desert, which stretches west to east just below the top of the continent. While some nomadic peoples live in the desert, and others live in the occasional oasis within the Sahara, the desert is mostly a vast barrier of sand, inhospitable and forbidding. Any kind of communication across the Sahara used to be more difficult than communication around the Mediterranean. The climate north of the Sahara is also similar to the rest of the Mediterranean area. The peoples around the Mediterranean, therefore, are closer to the other cultures around it than to those south of the Sahara. The former are primarily Arabs, while the people south of the Sahara are primarily Khoisan, Bantu and other native Africans. [PAR] Below the Sahara is the area known as the Sahel, a high plateau of land that is mostly savanna, plains studded with occasional trees. This area is quite warm and has low to moderate rainfall. The Great Rift Valley runs north-south through the eastern part of Africa, and north of Africa into the Red Sea. This area is where the earliest fossils of early hominids have been found. Two volcanic peaks, Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro (the highest point in Africa) are found near the Lakes region. The volcanic ash makes for fertile soil, and the warm climate and plentiful rainfall mean that the growing season is limited only by legal holidays\u2014food can be grown all year round. This area is densely populated, and has a high birth rate. [PAR] The beautiful tropical rainforest, where plant life is so lush that sunlight rarely reaches the ground, is found below the Sahel, in West Africa and into the central part of the continent. The rivers provided the only access to the interior of this part of the continent. When colonial powers arrived in Africa, they set up an \"entrepot\" where the river emerged into the ocean, and traded and stored goods there. Many of the countries on the West African coast (Togo, Benin, Cameroon) are shaped the way they are to contain a river and its mouth Tragically, a major part of the trade was in slaves. [PAR] The Nile river flows north through the Sahara on the eastern edge of Africa. The White Nile rises in the Great Lakes region of Africa, south of the Sahara Desert, and is joined by the Blue Nile in Sudan, near Khartoum. The Nile then flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. [PAR] Senegal and the Gambia: [PAR] Senegal and The Gambia agreed to merge in 1981 into Senegambia but the agreement was dissolved in 1989. The Gambia, the smallest country in Africa, is still almost a part of Senegal. [PAR] Democratic Republic of the Congo: [PAR] The Democratic Republic of the Congo was formerly know as Zaire. [PAR] \"Congo\": [PAR] The Republic of the Congo is often referred to as \"Congo (Brazzaville)\". [PAR] The Democratic Republic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Humphrey Bogart Wins Best Actor: 1952 Oscars - YouTube Humphrey Bogart Wins Best Actor: 1952 Oscars - YouTube [PAR] Humphrey Bogart Wins Best Actor: 1952 Oscars [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 3, 2011 [PAR] Humphrey Bogart wins the Oscar for Best Actor for The African Queen at the 24th Academy Awards. Greer Garson presents the award; hosted by Danny Kaye. [PAR] See more 1952 Oscar highlights: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... [PAR] Become an Oscar Insider: http://www.oscars.org/insider/ [PAR] Check out our Academy Originals: https://www.youtube.com/user/AcademyO... [PAR] ABOUT THE ACADEMY [PAR] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is the world's preeminent movie-related organization, with a membership of more than 6,000 of the most accomplished men and women working in cinema. In addition to the annual Academy Awards\u2014in which the members vote to select the nominees and winners\u2014the Academy presents a diverse year-round slate of public programs, exhibitions and events; provides financial support to a wide range of other movie-related organizations and endeavors; acts as a neutral advocate in the advancement of motion picture technology; and, through its Margaret Herrick Library and Academy Film Archive, collects, preserves, restores and provides access to movies and items related to their history. Through these and other activities the Academy serves students, historians, the entertainment industry and people everywhere who love movies. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Cry, the Beloved Country: Context SparkNotes: Cry, the Beloved Country: Context [PAR] Cry, the Beloved Country [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Alan Paton was born in the South African city of Pietermaritzburg on January 11, 1903, to a Scottish father and a South African mother of English heritage. An active and intelligent child, Paton went on to attend Natal University, where, among other activities, he wrote poetry and served as student body president. At the age of twenty-two, he became a teacher at two of South Africa\u2019s elite, all-white schools, first in the village of Ixopo, then in Pietermaritzburg. Ten years later, he left teaching to pursue a career as a reformatory worker. He was appointed principal of the Diepkloof Reformatory, a prison school for black youths. While at the reformatory, Paton attempted to loosen the restrictions placed on the youths and emphasized preparation for life outside the reformatory walls. He also traveled extensively to study reformatory schools worldwide. It was on one such trip, shortly after World War II, that he wrote Cry, the Beloved Country, the novel that earned him his fame as an author. [PAR] Cry, the Beloved Country was published in 1948 to overwhelming international acclaim\u2014at the time of the author\u2019s death, in 1988, more than fifteen million copies of the novel had been sold, and it had been published in twenty different languages. In Paton\u2019s native South Africa, however, praise for Cry, the Beloved Country remained muted, and the novel\u2019s objective take on the problems of racial inequality in South Africa created much controversy. Nonetheless, Paton\u2019s reputation as one of South Africa\u2019s greatest writers remained secure, though his subsequent novels, Too Late the Phalarope (1953) and Ah, But Your Land Is Beautiful (1981), were praised by critics but failed to generate the same excitement as Cry, the Beloved Country. [PAR] Although apartheid, South Africa\u2019s infamous system of enforced racial segregation, was not instituted until after the novel\u2019s publication, the South Africa of Cry, the Beloved Country was nevertheless suffering from the effects of racial segregation, enforced inequality, and prejudice. The crime rate was high, and attacks on whites by black agitators caused panic among the country\u2019s white citizens. Black South Africans found themselves adrift as the traditional tribal cultures gave way to the lure of the cities, and many South Africans were left without any moral or social organization to turn to. Whites held a monopoly on political power, and they did nothing to alleviate the extreme poverty among black South Africans, which in turn led many young black men to crime. The gold mines, which were so vital to South Africa\u2019s economy, depended on cheap black labor to remain profitable, and as a result, the workers were paid barely enough to survive. But those in power inevitably broke up attempts to strike or seek a better wage. [PAR] Cry, the Beloved Country is set in this tense and fragile society, where the breathtaking beauty of the nation\u2019s natural landscape is tainted by the fears of its people. And yet, the message of the novel is one of hope. Characters such as Stephen Kumalo, James Jarvis, and Theophilus Msimangu reveal a potential for goodness in humankind, and are able to defuse hatred, overcome fear, and take the first steps necessary for mending a broken nation. [PAR] Historical Background [PAR] Cry, the Beloved Country is set in South Africa in the 1940s. Its story unfolds against a backdrop of economic and political tensions that have a lengthy, complicated history. Thousands of years before the first Europeans arrived, southern Africa was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Exploring Nairobi, the Capital of Kenya - Kenya Advisor The Capital of Kenya: Nairobi [PAR] [ ? ]Subscribe To This Site [PAR] Exploring Nairobi, the Capital of Kenya [PAR] Not only is Nairobi the capital of Kenya, it's also the largest city. It sits in the south-central area of Kenya and has a population of nearly 3 million people. It's a modern city, with good medical facilities, a national university, shopping complexes, good restaurants and decent public transportation. It also has a lively cultural scene. [PAR] With its central location, good road access and international airport, Nairobi is a natural spot for trade and tourism. The capital of Kenya makes a good jumping-off spot to tour any other part of the country, and has several interesting sights of its own. [PAR] Nairobi doesn\u2019t have the best reputation when it comes to crime, but if you stick to the same kind of rules that go for any large North American city as well, there\u2019s nothing to worry about. [PAR] A Little History [PAR] Before becoming the capital of Kenya, Nairobi was first a supply stop for the Uganda Railway. Built originally in 1899, it became the capital of the British Protectorate in 1905. It took the title from the much older city of Mombasa, namely because of the agreeable climate (Nairobi is located much higher than Mombasa, which is at the Indian Ocean) and proximity to several waterways. After independence, Nairobi remained as the country's capital city. [PAR] Business in Nairobi [PAR] Nairobi is the largest business center in eastern Africa, and home to many international corporate headquarters. Most business is located in the Central Business District, a section of the city known for its modern skyscrapers. Companies like General Electric, Coca Cola and Cisco Systems all maintain their African offices in Nairobi. The United Nations has one of it\u2019s 4 international headquarters here, too. The Nairobi Stock Exchange is the 4th largest in Africa. [PAR] Nairobi Transportation [PAR] The public transit system in Nairobi consists mainly of buses, that have routes all through the city. Taxis are also plenty available. [PAR] Another option which can be found in many African cities is the matatu. Matatus are small private shuttle buses that travel a set route, picking people up along the way. If you want to travel the African way, or save money (they are dirt cheap), then take the matatu. The used to drive recklessly, but the government has regulated the matatu industry more strictly recently. [PAR] Traveling to and from the capital of Kenya is also straightforward. Nairobi is connected through roadways with Mombasa and other major cities in Kenya. Since the roads aren\u2019t always of good quality, taking the train to Mombasa or other cities may usually be more convenient and faster. [PAR] Nairobi\u2019s Jomo Kenyatta International Airport is one of the better airports of Africa, and connects Nairobi to many other cities in Africa and the rest of the world. Though there are plans in that direction, there are still no direct flights to North America however. [PAR] For the Tourist [PAR] The largest attraction in Nairobi is certainly the Nairobi National Park, home to lions, giraffes, and zebras. Right in the city, you can see most of the wildlife that Kenya is famous for, without the travel time of going cross-country. Other spots you should visit when in Nairobi are the Karen Blixen museum, the Bomas of Kenya villages and Carnivore restaurant. [PAR] You can always find a major hotel chain in Nairobi, and there are several smaller B&B spots too. There are a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HISTORY OF ANGOLA - HistoryWorld - History and Timelines HISTORY OF ANGOLA [PAR] HISTORY OF ANGOLA [PAR] Enjoy the Famous Daily [PAR] Angola and slaves: 15th-19th century [PAR] Little is known about the early history of the Angola region, stretching south from the mouth of the Congo. The inhabitants are living a neolithic existence until the arrival of Bantu migrants from the north, bringing iron technology in the first millennium AD. [PAR] When the Portuguese begin trading on the west coast of Africa, in the 15th century, they concentrate their energies on Guinea and Angola. Hoping at first for gold, they soon find that slaves are the most valuable commodity available here for export. But the Portuguese never establish much more than a foothold in either place. In Guinea rival Europeans grab much of the trade, while local African rulers confine the Portuguese to the area around Bissau. [PAR] [PAR] Thousands of miles down the coast, in Angola, the Portuguese find it even harder to consolidate their early advantage against encroachments by Dutch, British and French rivals. Nevertheless the fortified towns of Luanda (established in 1587 with 400 Portuguese settlers) and Benguela (a fort from 1587, a town from 1617) remain almost continuously in Portuguese hands. [PAR] As in Guinea , the slave trade becomes the basis of the local economy - with raids carried ever further inland to procure captives. More than a million men, women and children are shipped from here across the Atlantic. In this region, unlike Guinea, the trade remains largely in Portuguese hands. Nearly all the slaves are destined for Brazil . [PAR] [PAR] During the 19th century the western embargo on the slave trade brings to an end Angola's main export. The shipping of slaves from Angola is banned in 1836, but slavery remains legal in the Portuguese empire until 1875. So an attempt is made in Angola to make productive use of slaves who can no longer be sold abroad. [PAR] Grants of land are made in regions inland from Luanda. Plantations are established, with coffee, cotton and sugar as the main crops. But this encroachment leads to continual outbreaks of warfare with local rulers of the Kongo, Mbundu and Ovambo peoples. Angola is a most unsettled region when the European scramble for Africa begins in the 1880s. It remains so in most subsequent periods. [PAR] [PAR] Colonial period: 1885-1975 [PAR] Portugal's colonial claim to the region is recognized by the other European powers during the 1880s, and the boundaries of Portuguese Angola are agreed by negotiation in Europe in 1891. At the time Portugal is in effective control of only a small part of the area thus theoretically enclosed. But work is already under way to open up the interior. [PAR] Construction of a railway from Luanda to Malanje, in the fertile highlands, is started in 1885. Work begins in 1902 on a commercially more significant line from Benguela all the way inland to the Katanga region, aiming to provide access to the sea for the richest mining district of the Belgian Congo . The line reaches the Congo border in 1928. [PAR] [PAR] By this time the regime in Portugal has been through two violent transitions, from monarchy to republic in 1910 and then to a military dictatorship after a coup in 1926. The effect of these changes in Angola is a tightening of Portuguese control. [PAR] In the early years of the colony there has been a continuation of the almost endemic warfare between the Portuguese and the various African rulers of the region. Now a systematic campaign"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Horn of Africa: Map - U.S. Department of State Horn of Africa: Map [PAR] Horn of Africa: Map [PAR] Full-sized map of the countries that make up the Horn of Africa: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. [PAR] In This Section: [PAR] U.S. Embassies [PAR] The Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for information from the U.S. State Department.External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein.Note: documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) require Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher to view, download Adobe Acrobat Reader ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital of Sierra Leone - List of Capitals Capital of Sierra Leone - List of Capitals [PAR] The capital of Sierra Leone is Freetown [PAR] Picture has been licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike . [PAR] Author: Magnus Ohman [PAR] Facts about Freetown [PAR] Freetown, Sierra Leone is located in Sierra Leone Freetown, Sierra Leone Map of Sierra Leone showing the capital Freetown Coordinates: 8\u00b029\u20324\u2033N 13\u00b014\u20324\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff8.48444\u00b0N 13.23444\u00b0W\ufeff / 8.48444; -13.23444Coordinates: 8\u00b029\u20324\u2033N 13\u00b014\u20324\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff8.48444\u00b0N 13.23444\u00b0W\ufeff / 8.48444; -13."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is Zanzibar? - Style Hi Club Where is Zanzibar? - Style Hi Club [PAR] Where is Zanzibar? [PAR] Where is Zanzibar? What is Zanzibar? How Do I Get There? [PAR] Zanzibar. The very name conjures up a romantic exoticism akin to ancient Babylon or Aladdin\u2019s Agrabah . Can such a place really exist? If yes, where on earth is it? [PAR] Oh there it is. Here\u2019s Zanzibar [PAR] So Zanzibar is in East Africa. But it\u2019s not a country, it\u2019s an island that\u2019s part of Tanzania. Well kind of. It\u2019s actually considered a \u201csemi-autonomous region\u201d of Tanzania. And it\u2019s actually not just an island, it\u2019s an archipelago of many islands. And there are really just two bigger islands, and it\u2019s just one, called Unguja, that people care about. Unguja is also known as Zanzibar, and it\u2019s home to Zanzibar\u2019s capital, Zanzibar City. And within Zanzibar City, is Stone Town \u2013 which isn\u2019t really a town at all, but really just a part of Zanzibar City. Because all of this is so confusing, here\u2019s a diagram. [PAR] Zanzibar\u2019s many layers. Does this help? [PAR] Ever since I watched this video of Matt Harding dancing around the world in 2008, the idea of Zanzibar has been crawling deeper and deeper into my brain. When I had the opportunity to meet Matt and work with him on this video in 2010, he told me all about Stone Town, and I decided that I would have to go there. It took me a few more years, but I finally made it. [PAR] Dusk over Stone Town Bay [PAR] In case you are curious, there are basically two ways to get to Zanzibar: by plane or by boat. Coming from Dar es Salaam on mainland Tanzania, there are several unscrupulous options for both means of transportation. I would therefore stick to Precision Air if you want to fly, or Azam Marine to go via ferry. The flight is hilariously short, and the ferry ride is only an hour 45 minutes so you can\u2019t go wrong either way. [PAR] A (Brief) History of Zanzibar [PAR] The history of Zanzibar is incredibly complex and chock full of bloody violence, slavery, a very short war and big shocker\u2026the British. The short version is that until 1890 Zanzibar was a Sultanate which was for awhile, part of Oman and controlled much of East Africa mostly thanks to favorable trade routes (i.e. Africa-Asia slave trade). in 1890 Zanzibar became a protectorate of Britain which lasted until they became a constitutional monarchy of their own in 1963. At this time, there was no Tanzania. The country we know today as Tanzania was then called the Republic of Tanganyika. A month after Zanzibar\u2019s independence from Britain they fell into a bloody genocide called the Zanzibar Revolution so in 1964 Zanzibar merged with mainland Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar which was soon renamed simply the United Republic of Tanzania, of which Zanzibar remains a semi-autonomous region. [PAR] On an amusing side note, from 1919 to 1961 Tanganyika itself was a British United Nations trust territory and their flag featured a cartoon giraffe. I kid you not. I laughed out loud when I saw this for the first time. [PAR] Who are the Zanzibari? [PAR] As you can imagine, a group of islands off Africa in the Indian Ocean that for nearly a millennium has served as a trade center for everything from spices to slaves that used to be part of Oman, then Britain, then Tanzania with bouts of independence along the way\u2026is a pretty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of Top Ten Largest African Countries by Area Map of Top Ten Largest African Countries by Area [PAR] Largest Countries in the World by Area [PAR] Countries in Africa [PAR] Africa is made up of over fifty sovereign nations, and several more territories and dependencies. Of the countries in Africa, Algeria is the largest country by area, with an area of 2,381,740 square kilometers. [PAR] Algeria is situated in northwestern Africa, and its capital is in Algiers. Algeria has a population of over 33 million. [PAR] The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the second largest country in Africa, falling just behind Algeria, with an area of 2,344,858 square miles. The DRC is located in Central Africa, and its capital is in Kinshasa. The Democratic Republic of the Congo has a population of almost 72 million. [PAR] The Republic of the Sudan is the third largest nation, with 1,861,484 square kilometers in area. Sudan is located in northeastern Africa, and its capital is located in Khartoum. The population of Sudan is about 67 million. [PAR] The fourth largest country in Africa is Libya, with an area of 1,759,540. Libya is situated in the far north of Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, and its capital is Tripoli. The population of Libya is just over 6 million people. [PAR] Chad is in fifth place for largest African countries by area, with a total area of about 1,284,000 square kilometers. Chad is centrally located in Africa, and its capital is N'Djamena. The population of Chad is about 10.1 million. [PAR] Niger has the sixth largest area in Africa, with its area measuring about 1,267,000 square kilometers. Niger is a central African country, with its capital in Niamey. The population of Niger is almost 14 millions. [PAR] Angola has an area of 1,246,700 square kilometers, making it seventh largest in the African continent. Angola is a southwestern nation, with its capital in Lunda, and its population numbers under 16 million. [PAR] Mali takes eighth place in terms of largest countries in Africa, with an area of 1,240,192 square kilometers. Mali is located in West Africa, and its capital is in Bamako. The population of Mali is about 13.5 million. [PAR] South Africa is the ninth largest country in Africa. Located in the far south of the African continent, South Africa has an area of 1,221,037 square kilometers. The capital of South Africa is in three cities: Bloemfontein, Cape Town, and Pretoria, and the population of the country is about 47.5 million. [PAR] The tenth largest country in Africa by area is Ethiopia, which is located in eastern Africa. The area of Ethiopia is 1,104,300 square kilometers, and its population is about 85.2 million. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Adaba. [PAR] Top 10 Largest African Countries by Area [PAR] Country"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Burkina Faso Map | Map of Burkina Faso - World Map Burkina Faso Map | Map of Burkina Faso [PAR] World Map in French [PAR] History of Burkina Faso [PAR] Originally inhabited by hunter-gatherer tribes as far back as 14,000 BC, Burkina Faso's early indigenous people included the Bura civilization. Later, the land was occupied by the Dogon ethnic group in the 15th century, followed by the Mossi Kingdoms, including the Ouagadougou and the Yatenga, by the 16th century. The Mossi Kingdoms had control of the region, holding off the Muslim conquest, when the first Europeans arrived at the end of the 19th century. The first to reach Burkina Faso were the French, who were met with resistance. Despite their defenses, the region became part of French West Africa as the French Upper Volta in 1919, which was divided into two colonies in 1932. [PAR] The Upper Volta joined French West Africa on its own in 1947, soon becoming an autonomous republic of France in 1958. Upper Volta gained independence in 1960, but a military coup led to over two decades of unrest and conflict, with alternating civilian and military rule. The National Council for the Revolution was formed in 1983, and became the dominant power. Upper Volta became Burkina Faso in 1984, with Thomas Sankara, the leader of the National Council, as its leader. [PAR] During a 1987 military coup, Sankara was assassinated and replaced by Blaise Compaore, as part of the Popular Front. In 1991, Burkina Faso adopted a new constitution, which was amended in 2000. President Compaore was elected for his fourth consecutive term in 2010. The 2011 Burkina Faso uprising saw unrest and military mutiny, and the country has had conflict with nearby Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone. [PAR] Neighboring Countries [PAR] Burkina Faso is bordered by Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana, and Ivory Coast. [PAR] Major Cities [PAR] Banfora [PAR] Geography [PAR] Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa, situated in the Sahel region between the Sahara Desert and the Sudanian Savanna. Much of the country is located on a plateau, though there are low hills, and the highest point in Burkina Faso is Tena Kourou, which stands 749 meters (2,457 feet) above sea level. [PAR] The three main rivers that traverse Burkina Faso, Black Volta, White Volta, and Red Volta, lent the country its original name, Upper Volta. These rivers are also known as Mouhoun, Nakambe, and Nazinon, respectively. The Black Volta, along with the Komoe River are the two year-round rivers in the country. There are also several tributaries to the Niger that flow through Burkina Faso, including the Gorouol and the Goudebo. Significant lakes in Burkina Faso are Tingrela, Bam, and Dem. [PAR] Points of Interest [PAR] Burkina Faso is a fairly undeveloped country in terms of tourism, though there are several important natural attractions, including game reserves like Arli National Park and Nazinga, which are home to a variety of wild animals such as lions, hippos, and elephants. Along the border with Niger and Benin is W National Park, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to many species, including cheetahs, leopards, and warthogs, as well as 350 types of birds, which are frequently viewed on safaris. Another UNESCO Site is at the Ruins of Loropeni, outside of Gaoua, which is the location of ancient ruins of an early civilization. [PAR] In the capital, Ouagadougou, there are also natural sites including the sacred forest of Bangre-Weoogo, where crocodiles live, as well as Jardin de l'amitie Ouaga-Loudun in the city center. Other city attractions are the National"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Winnie Mandela Is Sentenced to 6 Years in Prison - latimes Winnie Mandela Is Sentenced to 6 Years in Prison - latimes [PAR] Winnie Mandela Is Sentenced to 6 Years in Prison [PAR] May 15, 1991 |SCOTT KRAFT | TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] JOHANNESBURG, South Africa \u2014 Winnie Mandela was sentenced Tuesday to six years in prison by a judge who said she misused her leadership position and showed \"not the slightest remorse\" for her role in abducting four young black men who were later brutally beaten at her home. [PAR] A courtroom crowded with Mandela supporters listened in stunned silence as Rand Supreme Court Judge Michael S. Stegmann sentenced one of the world's best-known anti-apartheid figures to jail for the common crimes of kidnaping and accessory to assault. [PAR] \"You, Mrs. Mandela, bear a heavy responsibility,\" Stegmann told Mandela, who stood facing him in the defendants' dock. \"A position of leadership is not something that entitles you to play fast and loose with the liberty of others for your own purposes.\" [PAR] Mandela's attorney, George Bizos, immediately applied for permission to appeal the verdict, citing several dozen instances in which he contended that the judge had erred or drawn conclusions not supported by the evidence. For Mandela to be allowed to appeal, Judge Stegmann must rule at a later hearing that the appeal has a \"reasonable prospect\" of success. [PAR] Mandela was allowed to remain free, and her bail was set at 200 rand ($80). [PAR] Several hundred African National Congress supporters, surrounded by blue-uniformed policemen, turned out to greet Mandela, who is the ANC's social welfare director. A few carried placards reading: \"No Justice Under an Unjust Government\" and \"Stop Harassing Our Mother, Winnie Mandela.\" [PAR] Although some militant ANC leaders have said that Mandela's conviction and imprisonment would touch off mass township protests, her husband, ANC Deputy President Nelson Mandela, appeared to play down the impact that the verdict would have on his negotiations with President Frederik W. de Klerk's white-led government. [PAR] Nelson Mandela, who was out of town during the sentencing, said he remains convinced of his 56-year-old wife's innocence and confident that she will eventually be cleared of all the charges against her. [PAR] \"I trust that soon her name will be cleared completely,\" Mandela said after a speech to white students in Stellenbosch. \"In the meantime, I appeal to all to leave matters to the courts.\" Referring to the appeal, he added: \"The last word . . . has not been spoken.\" [PAR] Winnie Mandela, appearing confident, blamed her troubles on the media, which have thoroughly reported the allegations against her for nearly two years. [PAR] \"We have been found guilty by the media,\" she told cheering supporters. [PAR] Although she is a controversial figure inside the ANC, most of those who gathered outside the courthouse Tuesday took a dim view of the government's decision to prosecute her. [PAR] \"They are trying to demoralize his (Nelson Mandela's) spirit,\" said Tsepo Lentsoane, a black man in his 30s. \"They are capitalizing on the mistakes of his wife.\" [PAR] Judge Stegmann concluded the three-month trial Tuesday by ordering Winnie Mandela to serve consecutive prison terms of five years for her conviction on four counts of kidnaping and one year for her conviction on four counts of being an accessory to assault after the fact. [PAR] The charges stemmed from the Dec. 29, 1988, abduction and beating of four young black men from a Methodist church halfway house in Soweto. One of the victims, 14-year-old Stompie Seipei, died several days later, and one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zimbabwe Cities Map , Major Cities in Zimbabwe - World Map Zimbabwe Cities Map, Major Cities in Zimbabwe [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited, its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] Zimbabwe Cities Maps[DOC] [TLE] Kwekwe Travel Information - zimbabwe-info.com Kwekwe Travel Information [PAR] Accommodation | Activities | Restaurants | Business Directory [PAR] General Information [PAR] Kwekwe is located in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe , and apparently owes its unusual name to the sound made by croaking frogs along the river banks, but the frogs have long since been drowned out by the hum of the growing town. [PAR] Kwekwe's town centre has some lovely colonial architecture, and one of the country's finest museums is located here. Kwekwe is also the headquarters of Zimbabwe's Islamic Mission with a huge mosque with elaborate domes and arches dominating the main street. [PAR] Kwekwe and Redcliff are the headquarters of Zimbabwe's largest steelworks, Zimbabwe Iron and Steel Company (ZISCO). It also hosts the biggest power generating plants, ZESA-Munyati, in Munyati, a suburb of Kwekwe. [PAR] The town has always been a very sociable one, with most people spending their summer at the local public swimming pool. [PAR] Accommodation in Kwekwe [PAR] There are two main hotels in town which cater for business travellers, and a recent growth of chalet accommodation at lodges have emerged to cope with the overflow from the hotels. [PAR] [PAR] Please see our accommodation directory for more information on places to stay. [PAR] [PAR] Activities in Kwekwe [PAR] The National Museum of Gold Mining, provides a fascinating introduction to commercial gold mining in Zimbabwe, and is well worth a visit. [PAR] Kwekwe is host to one of Zimbabwe's main provincial cricket sides - Mid West Rhinos. Their cricket ground has held several first class and one day matches and has even hosted some internationals. [PAR] Some small tourist operators still have hunting and photographic safari licences on farms and businesses near town. There is wildlife around and they offer game viewing for the adventurous. [PAR] Sable Park Game Park and Snake Farm - wildlife includes sables, kudus, impalas steenboks, elands, wildebeests, and much more. [PAR] \u200bPlease see our activity directory for more information on things to do in Kwekwe.\u200b [PAR] Businesses [PAR] Kwekwe's business community is continuing to grow. Tourists can find shops, stalls and souvenirs in the vicinity. The local restaurants are a culinary delight and there is something for every taste. Please go to our business directory for a full list of businesses you can find in the region."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rastafarianism - Washington and Lee University Rastafarianism [PAR] Rastafarianism [PAR] Keywords: Rastafarianism, Rasta, Rastafari, Ethiopianism, Africanists, Jamaica, Selassie, dreadlocks [PAR] [PAR] I. Abstract [PAR] In the early 1930\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds religious and social movement called Rastafarianism evolved in Jamaica.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Rastas sought to provide a voice for the poor Blacks in Jamaica by encouraging resistance to oppressive societal structures.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd At the core of their belief is the re-interpretation of the Hebrew Bible with a focus on Blacks as God\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds chosen race, and the belief that the true Messiah comes to us as Emperor Haile Selassie I\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (Ras Tafari) of Ethiopia.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Through extensive spoken discourse, the Rastafarians aim to clarify the Western misinterpretation of the Bible, so as to spread the true word and fight against the unjust hierarchy of Western culture (collectively called Babylon).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd In the meantime, Rastafarians await a time of repatriation of Blacks and a return to Ethiopia, qua Africa, of its rightful ruling status. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] II. Scope and Purpose of the System [PAR] Rastafarianism is an afro-centric religious and social movement based in the Caribbean island of Jamaica.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Stemming from the roots of Rastafari in rising against the post-colonial oppression of poor blacks, Rastas typically come from disadvantaged backgrounds. Especially difficult economic hardships in Jamaica saw a distinctive rise in the movement\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds following. At the time of Jamaica\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds independence in the 1960\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds, virtually all Rastafarians were members of the 79 percent of the population classified as lower class (Waters, 50).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd In the past few decades, however, especially through the influence of Reggae music, the movement has gained a more international and cosmopolitan following.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Although a largely unorganized group, the Rastafarians unite on a few central beliefs: a strong belief in the beauty of black people\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds African heritage; the belief that Ras Tafari Haile Selassie I, emperor of Ethiopia, is the Biblical Messiah; belief in repatriation to Ethiopia, the true home and redemption of black people; and belief in the eventual fall of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBabylon\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, the corrupt world of the white man, and a reversal in the slavery-based societal hierarchy (Murrell, 5).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Rastas believe that the Bible is the history of the African race, taken by Europeans at the time of enslavement and deliberately mistranslated in an effort to deceive the slaves (Waters, 47).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The system encourages black people to free their minds from the shackles of the existing social hierarchy, and take their place as the true leaders that God (Jah) intended them to be.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Many symbols of the Rastafarian arise from their interpretation of the Bible and the ideal of Ethiopia as \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdZion\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, the Promised Land.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The most noticeable are the long, uncombed locks by which they are readily identified (Waters, 48).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd This tradition stems from: the laws of the Nazarites that forbid cutting hair [1] ; the style of Ethiopian tribal warriors and priests; and as a symbol of the lion\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds mane. These locks also serve as a mystical link or \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdpsychic antenna\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, connecting Rastas with God and his mystical power, or \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdearthforce\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, which is immanent in the universe (Murrell, 32).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Other symbols are those of Ethiopia, including the national colors (red, green and gold) as well as the lion that appears on the country\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds flag.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The ritual smoking of marijuana (ganja) also plays an important role in Rastafarian life.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd This \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdholy herb\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd is highly valued for its physical, psychological and therapeutic powers (Murrell, 354).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Language also forms an important Rasta symbol.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Although Rastas often speak Jamaican dialect, called \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdpatois\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, they have developed a subdialect to take a further step away from Standard English (Chevannes,167).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Many of these patterns of speech carry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Togo travel guide - Wikitravel Togo travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Time Zone [PAR] UTC [PAR] Togo [1] is a narrow country in West Africa , sandwiched between Ghana on the west and Benin on the east, with a small border with Burkina Faso to the north, and a 56km coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the south. [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] Togo is probably one of the nicest places in Western Africa. Roads are pretty good, distances small, beaches sandy and white, people friendly, hills and mountains waiting to be explored. What else do you need? The capital city, Lom\u00e9 is an excellent place to start your trip. Lots of daytrips can be made to Togoville on the borders of Lake Togo or Aneho. [PAR] When you go north Kpalime and its beautiful hilly surroundings deserve a visit; trekking and hiking in the area is wonderful. Continue further north if you are into hiking. Kara is the place to go. Nearby is Tamberma Valley which has intriguing castle like structures known as Tatas. The national parks of Fazao and Keran offer good opportunities to view wildlife. [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] In an 1884 treaty signed at Togoville, Germany declared a protectorate over a stretch of territory along the coast and gradually extended its control inland. This became the German colony Togoland in 1905. After the German defeat during World War I in August 1914 at the hands of British troops (coming from the Gold Coast) and the French troops (coming from Dahomey), Togoland became two League of Nations mandates, administered by the United Kingdom and France. After World War II, these mandates became UN Trust Territories. The residents of British Togoland voted to join the Gold Coast as part of the new independent nation of Ghana, and French Togoland became an autonomous republic within the French Union. [PAR] Togo's size is just less than 57,000 square kilometres (22,000 sq mi). It has a population of more than 7 million people, which is dependent mainly on agriculture. The mild weather makes for good growing seasons. Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation. [PAR] Togo gained its independence from France in 1960. In 1967, Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma, the former leader of the country, led a successful military coup, after which he became President. Eyad\u00e9ma was the longest-serving leader in African history (after being president for 38 years) at the time of his death in 2005.[4] In 2005, his son Faure Gnassingb\u00e9 was elected president. About a third of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day. [PAR] People[ edit ] [PAR] In Togo, there are about 40 different ethnic groups, the most numerous of which are the Ewe in the south (46%) (Although along the south coastline they account for 21% of the population), Kotokoli and Tchamba in the center, Kaby\u00e9 in the north (22%). Another classification lists Uaci or Ouatchis (14%) as a separate ethnic group from the Ewe which brings the proportion of Ewe down to (32%). However, there are no historic or ethnic facts that justify the separation between Ewes and Ouatchis. On the contrary, the term Ouatchi relates to a subgroup of Ewes which migrated south during the 16th century from Notse the ancient Ewe Kingdom capital. This classification is inaccurate and has been contested for being politically biased; Mina, Mossi, and Aja (about 8%) are the remainder; and under 1% are European expatriates who live in Togo as diplomats and for economic reasons. The Ouatchis are a sub-group of the Ewe just as the Anlo in the Republic of Ghana"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Zimbabwe About Zimbabwe [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Situated in Central Southern Africa, between the Limpopo and the Zambezi, Zimbabwe is landlocked, bounded by Zambia, Mozambique, South Africa and Botswana The country of Zimbabwe is 390,580 sq km and is bordered on all sides by other countries. Zambia lies to the northwest with the Zambezi river and its Victoria Falls forming the border. Mozambique lies to the northeast with its border formed by the Eastern Highlands. Botswana lies to the southwest and South Africa to the south (its border formed by the Limpopo River) [PAR] Capital City Harare [PAR] Other main cities are Bulawayo, Chitungwiza, Mutare , Masvingo, Gweru ,Kwekwe ,Chinhoyi ,Chegutu ,Victoria Falls, Kariba, Chiredzi [PAR] Zimbabwe is divided into ten administrative provinces namely, Harare Metropolitan, Bulawayo Metropolitan, Mashonaland West, Mashonaland East , Mashonaland Central, Masvingo, Manicaland, Matabeleland North and Matabeleland South [PAR] TIME ZONE +2 Hours GMT [PAR] POPULATION 12,236,805 (ZIMSTART))"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Simon & Garfunkel - The Sounds of Silence Lyrics Lyrics containing the term: the sounds of silence by simon garfunkel [PAR] Lyrics.com \u00bb [PAR] Search results for 'the sounds of silence by simon garfunkel' [PAR] Yee yee! We've found 3 lyrics, 100 artists, and 100 albums matching the sounds of silence by simon garfunkel. [PAR] Artists: [PAR] Simon & Garfunkel \u00b7 Sounds of Silence \u00b7 Art Garfunkel \u00b7 Garfunkel \u00b7 Garfunkel & Oates \u00b7 Silence 4 \u00b7 One Minute Silence \u00b7 Silence \u00b7 Enter My Silence \u00b7 Break the Silence \u2013 and 90 other artists \u00bb [PAR] Albums:[DOC] [TLE] Sounds Of Silence - Lyrics Page Sounds Of Silence - Lyrics Page [PAR] Hello darkness, my old friend [PAR] I've come to talk with you again [PAR] Because a vision softly creeping [PAR] Left its seeds while I was sleeping [PAR] And the vision that was planted in my brain [PAR] Still remains [PAR] Within the sound of silence [PAR] In restless dreams I walked alone [PAR] Narrow streets of cobblestone [PAR] 'Neath the halo of a street lamp [PAR] I turn my collar to the cold and damp [PAR] When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light [PAR] That split the night [PAR] And touched the sound of silence [PAR] And in the naked light I saw [PAR] Ten thousand people maybe more [PAR] People talking without speaking [PAR] People writing songs that voices never shared [PAR] No one dared [PAR] Disturb the sound of silence [PAR] \"Fools,\" said I, \"you do not know [PAR] Silence like a cancer grows [PAR] Hear my words that I might teach you [PAR] Take my arms that I might reach you\" [PAR] But my words like silent raindrops fell [PAR] And echoed in the wells of silence [PAR] And the people bowed and prayed [PAR] To the neon god they made [PAR] And the sign flashed out its warning [PAR] In the words that it was forming [PAR] And the sign said \"The words of the prophets are written on the subway walls [PAR] And tenement halls [PAR] I was twenty-one years when I wrote this song [PAR] I'm twenty-two now but I won't be for long [PAR] Time hurries on [PAR] And the leaves that are green turn to brown [PAR] And they wither in the wind [PAR] And they crumble in your hand [PAR] Once my heart was filled with the love of a girl [PAR] I held her close but she faded in the night [PAR] Like a poem I meant to write [PAR] And the leaves that are green turn to brown [PAR] And they wither in the wind [PAR] And they crumble in your hand [PAR] I threw a pebble in a brook [PAR] And watched the ripple run away [PAR] And they never made a sound [PAR] And the leaves that are green turn to brown [PAR] And they wither in the wind [PAR] And they crumble in your hand [PAR] Hello, hello, hello, hello [PAR] I can hear the soft breathing of the girl that I love [PAR] As she lies here beside me, asleep with the night [PAR] And her hair in a fine mist floats on my pillow [PAR] Reflecting the glow of the winter moonlight [PAR] But I've got to creep down the alley way [PAR] Fly down the highway [PAR] Before they come to catch me I'll be gone [PAR] Somewhere they can't find me [PAR] Oh baby, you don't know what I've done [PAR] I've committed a crime, I've broken the law [PAR] While you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A View to a Kill (song) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia A View to a Kill (song) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] A View to a Kill (song) [PAR] 2,122pages on [PAR] Short Story \u2014 Film \u2014 Games \u2014 Soundtrack \u2014 Song \u2014 Characters [PAR] A View to a Kill is the theme song for the Bond film of the same name. The song was written by John Barry and Duran Duran , and was performed by Duran Duran, who were nominated for the best original song at the Golden Globes. The song was also the only James Bond song to ever reach the #1 position on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Meeting you, with a view to a kill, [PAR] face to face in secret places, feel the chill, [PAR] night fall covers me, but you know the plans I'm making, [PAR] still oversea, could it be the whole world opening wide, [PAR] A sacred why, a mystery gaping inside, [PAR] the weekend's why. [PAR] Until we dance into the fire, that fatal kiss is all we need, [PAR] dance into the fire, to fatal sounds of broken dreams, [PAR] dance into the fire, that fatal kiss is all we need, [PAR] dance into the fire. [PAR] Choice for you, is the view to a kill, [PAR] between the shades, assassination's standing still, [PAR] the first crystal tears, fall as snowflakes on your body, [PAR] first time in years, to drench you skin with lovers rosy stain, [PAR] A chance to find the phoenix for the flame, [PAR] A chance to die. [PAR] But can we dance into the fire, that fatal kiss is all we need, [PAR] dance into the fire, to fatal sounds of broken dreams, [PAR] dance into the fire, that fatal kiss is all we need, [PAR] dance into the fire, when all we see is the view to a kill.[DOC] [TLE] The 10 best James Bond theme songs - CBS News The 10 best James Bond theme songs - CBS News [PAR] CBS News [PAR] David Morgan CBS News September 8, 2015, 9:33 AM [PAR] The 10 best James Bond theme songs [PAR] Next [PAR] MGM/UA [PAR] Grammy winner Sam Smith is the new voice behind \"Writing's On the Wall,\" the theme song for the new James Bond film, \"Spectre.\" It marks the first 007 theme song recorded by a British male solo artist since 1965. [PAR] From Shirley Bassey to Adele, a variety of artists have recorded a track for the long-running movie franchise over the years. The 23 previous James Bond themes make up some of the most memorable movie music of all time. [PAR] Click through for our countdown of the top 10 Bond songs: [PAR] 10. \"A View to a Kill\" [PAR] Written by Duran Duran and John Barry, performed by Duran Duran. [PAR] The song - the English's band's second Number 1 hit in the U.S. - was a successful blend of rock and traditional Bond orchestral textures. And the lyrics have a rueful Bondian flavor: [PAR] Until we dance into the fire, [PAR] That fatal kiss is all we need, [PAR] Dance into the fire, [PAR] To fatal sounds of broken dreams. [PAR] 9. \"Nobody Does It Better\" [PAR] From \"The Spy Who Loved Me.\" Music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager; performed by Carly Simon. [PAR] This enormously popular hit was one of only three songs from official Bond films to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song (the others being \"Live"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wojciech Jaruzelski: Poland's last Communist leader, who ... Wojciech Jaruzelski: Poland's last Communist leader, who imposed martial law on the Soviet satellite in 1981 | The Independent [PAR] Wojciech Jaruzelski: Poland's last Communist leader, who imposed martial law on the Soviet satellite in 1981 [PAR] [PAR] Monday 26 May 2014 22:37 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Sphinx-like aura: Jaruzelski announcing martial law in 1981 EPA [PAR] General Wojciech Jaruzelski, Poland's last Communist ruler, badly wanted history to judge him kindly. He worked hard in the latter years of his life to explain and rehabilitate himself after his imposition of martial law and brutal repression of the free trade union Solidarity in 1981 had made him the most hated man in Poland \u2013 and, for a time, an international pariah. [PAR] And while many Poles eventually accepted his argument that martial law was the lesser of two evils (the alternative being a Soviet invasion), for others he remained forever a Soviet stooge, a traitor and a criminal. His personality was an enigma; a stiff, poker-faced demeanour and his trademark dark glasses only reinforced his sphinx-like aura. [PAR] In the end, his life was a story of an intelligent and highly ambitious man \u2013 and more specifically, a Pole \u2013 operating between the terrible millstones of 20th-century history: Nazism and Stalinism, patriotism and Soviet domination, Communism and demands for freedom. [PAR] His first taste of that history came at the age of 16, in 1939, when he and his father, guilty only of being members of Poland's lesser nobility, were deported by the Russians from their large estate to hard labour camps in Siberia, where his grandfather, an anti-Russian guerilla leader, had perished many years earlier. Educated by priests at an elite school in Warsaw, he found himself felling trees in waist-deep snow. His father died. The glare from the snow started an eye ailment which compelled him to wear dark glasses in bright light ever after. [PAR] When the Hitler-Stalin alliance broke up, he joined a Polish army being raised by the Soviets and took part in the Soviet \"liberation\" of Poland from the Nazis. By then he had learned to speak fluent Russian and had become a convinced Communist. He volunteered and served in KGB units which were setting up Polish security forces to crush Polish nationalist resistance. [PAR] Committed to a military career, he studied in Polish and Soviet military academies and gained the patronage of powerful Soviet generals, whose backing proved vital to his career. In 1947 he joined the Polish Communist party and thus set off on a fast, double-track rise to power, becoming a general at the age of 33 and defence minister at 45. [PAR] At the same time he was rising rapidly through the ranks of the party; at 48, he was elected to the main centre of power, the Politburo. From there, he and other party leaders watched as discontent mounted, until in 1980 it spilled over into mass stoppages, which compelled them \u2013 in a dramatic departure from Communist orthodoxy \u2013 to accept free trade unions and grant the legal right to strike. The various strike committees joined together in a new trade union which they called Solidarity. [PAR] For 15 months, Solidarity's power and influence grew: it numbered 10 million members out of a population of some 36 million. Frustration over its failure to extract any reforms from the regime led to (then outrageous) demands for free elections and a referendum on Poland's alliance with the Soviet Union. The economy, for years a disaster"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1934 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1934 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Actor: [PAR] CLARK GABLE in [PAR] \"It Happened One Night\" , Frank Morgan in \"Affairs of Cellini\", William Powell in \"The Thin Man\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] CLAUDETTE COLBERT in [PAR] \"It Happened One Night\" , Grace Moore in \"One Night of Love\", Norma Shearer in \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] FRANK CAPRA for [PAR] \"It Happened One Night\" , Victor Schertzinger for \"One Night of Love\", W. S. Van Dyke for \"The Thin Man\" [PAR] This was the first year that the Academy decided to match the eligibility period to the calendar year. From now on, the nominating selections and the award ceremony would cover the same calendar year. Three new categories were added: for Film Editing, Song, and Scoring. The Academy allowed write-in candidates in all categories after members denounced the omission of Bette Davis ( Of Human Bondage ) from the Best Actress nominees. Write-in candidates were disallowed after 1935, a year later. [PAR] The Best Picture category had a record twelve nominated films. (This total would remain for one more year, and then decrease to ten, and finally to five.) [PAR] The film that dominated and swept all major categories of the awards was Columbia's come-from-behind [PAR] It Happened One Night , Frank Capra's exceptional screwball romantic comedy that gave birth to the genre. The sparkling, 'Capra-corn' film was about an antagonistic couple - a spoiled runaway heiress (Colbert) and a recently-fired newspaper reporter (Gable in his first comedic role) - an affectionate feuding, battle of the sexes during their bus and hitch-hiking trip on the road. Instead of turning her in for the reward, he falls in love with her. The film illustrated that even a wealthy heiress could find happiness and adventure on the road among the common folk. Numerous scenes in the film have become classics: the hitchhiking scene with Claudette Colbert lifting her skirt for a ride, Gable's bared chest (causing undershirt sales to drop dramatically), and the motel room divided by the \"walls of Jericho.\" [PAR] It was Columbia's first Best Picture winner and the first major Academy Awards sweep of the \"Top Five\" awards categories (with five nominations and five wins - Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director, and Best Adaptation by screenwriter Robert Riskin), un-equaled and un-duplicated until [PAR] One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and The Silence of the Lambs (1991) . [In each case, these films won no other Oscars than the top awards.] It was the first time in Academy history that both male and female leads (Gable and Colbert) from the same film, a Best Picture nominee (and winner), won the top or lead award for acting (Best Actor and Best Actress). [PAR] There were eleven other films nominated for Best Picture in 1934: [PAR] the second film of dancing duo Astaire and Rogers - director Mark Sandrich's The Gay Divorcee (with five nominations and one award - Best Song \"The Continental\") [PAR] director W. S. Van Dyke's comedy/mystery The Thin Man (with four nominations and no wins) based on Dashiell Hammett's novel with William Powell and Myrna Loy as married sleuths in the first of their popular series [PAR] director Victor Schertzinger's operatta about a \"Pygmalion-like\" American diva who rebels against her Italian singing teacher in One Night of Love (with six nominations and two wins - Best Sound Recording and Best Score) [PAR] director Sidney Franklin's account of the romancing of poetess Elizabeth Barrett by Victorian poet Robert Browning in The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Athens Airport Greece, Athens International Airport ATH ... Athens Airport Greece, Athens International Airport ATH | Airportia [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Arrivals Widget [PAR] Copy and Paste the code below to embed the Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Arrivals Widget to your site: [PAR] <div class=\"airportia-widget\"> <iframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0; width: 100%; height: 95%; margin:0; padding:0;\" src=\"https://www.airportia.com/widgets/airport/ath/arrivals\"></iframe> <div style=\"font-family: arial; font-size:12px; color:#3f9bdc; width: 100%; text-align: center; margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 5px; border-top: 1px solid #65747e;\"> <a style=\"text-decoration:none; color:#3f9bdc;\" href=\"https://www.airportia.com/greece/athens-airport-international/arrivals/\" title=\"Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Arrivals\" target=\"_top\">Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Arrivals</a> powered by <a style=\"text-decoration:none; color:#3f9bdc;\" href=\"https://www.airportia.com/\" target=\"_top\">Airportia</a> </div> </div> [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Departures Widget [PAR] Copy and Paste the code below to embed the Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Departures Widget to your site: [PAR] <div class=\"airportia-widget\"> <iframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0; width: 100%; height: 95%; margin:0; padding:0;\" src=\"https://www.airportia.com/widgets/airport/ath/departures\"></iframe> <div style=\"font-family: arial; font-size:12px; color:#3f9bdc; width: 100%; text-align: center; margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 5px; border-top: 1px solid #65747e;\"> <a style=\"text-decoration:none; color:#3f9bdc;\" href=\"https://www.airportia.com/greece/athens-airport-international/departures/\" title=\"Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Departures\" target=\"_top\">Athens Eleftherios Venizelos Departures</a> powered by <a style=\"text-decoration:none; color:#3f9bdc;\" href=\"https://www.airportia.com/\" target=\"_top\">Airportia</a> </div> </div>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lightnin` Strikes Once Again For Lou Christie ... Lightnin` Strikes Once Again For Lou Christie - tribunedigital-chicagotribune [PAR] Lightnin` Strikes Once Again For Lou Christie [PAR] February 11, 1990|By Lynn Van Matre. [PAR] Between 1963 and 1969, singer Lou Christie had five hit singles, including the million-selling No. 1 hit ``Lightnin` Strikes.`` These days, he is best known as the biggest draw on the vintage rock concert circuit, with busloads of his fan club members regularly turning up whenever Christie`s on the bill, at the Star Plaza in Merrillville, Ind., and elsewhere. [PAR] But please, don`t pigeonhole Christie as an ``oldies`` act. [PAR] ``I don`t feel that my life stopped after my hit records in the 1960s,`` [PAR] says Christie, 46, whose longish blond hair and cockily exuberant stage presence is reminiscent of a more mature (and more vocally gifted) David Lee Roth. ``I feel more contemporary now than I ever did. I`m working on new ideas, new records, new projects. I like to be where things are happening; I live two blocks off of Broadway in New York City. I`m not in a time tunnel.`` [PAR] It`s not that Christie`s tired of reprising ``Lightnin` Strikes,`` [PAR] ``Rhapsody in the Rain,`` ``Two Faces Have I`` and his other hits (complete with trademark falsetto) and bringing back memories, all of which he will be doing when he plays Star Plaza next Saturday. [PAR] ``I think the oldies shows are great, because the whole family can go,`` [PAR] he says. ``The kids want to see what was going on, and the parents don`t have to be embarrassed about what their own teenage years were about. The `50s and `60s were great times that changed the world. The clothes, the hairstyles, the music-it was all new. Today, you see Madonna and all of these other performers imitating people from that era, but back then, it was fresh and original.`` [PAR] The problem, Christie says, is convincing record companies that he can be a recording artist for the 1990s. In the last year or so, a song he originally recorded in the early 1970s, ``Beyond the Blue Horizon,`` was used on the [PAR] ``Rain Man`` film soundtrack, and Rhino Records issued a well-received [PAR] ``Best of Lou Christie`` compilation CD. More recently, Polygram Records put together a budget line compilation, ``Rhapsody in the Rain,`` which, according to a company representative, is available in all formats and is being marketed mainly through convenience stores. But so far, his efforts to land a new record deal have met with frustration. [PAR] ``Rock `n` roll is supposed to be so open-minded, but whenever I go into a record company and hand them some new material and say the name `Lou Christie,` they immediately think, `oldie,` `` he says. ``That really drives you insane. It`s frustrating, trying to make people forget that you had a past. [PAR] ``But Tina Turner did it, and I guess that I can, too,`` adds Christie optimistically. ``I`ll just have to find the right spot, where somebody thinks what I`m doing is hip and is willing to go with it. I`m working on a couple of different projects now. I don`t want to talk too much about them before they`ve happened, but someone wants to use some new songs I`ve written in a movie, and I may be doing some music for a TV series. I`ll probably be recording some new material soon to shop around to the record labels, too.`` [PAR] Christie, who is married with two children, divides his time between New York and New Orleans, where his family"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Was America founded as a Christian nation? - CNN.com Was America founded as a Christian nation? - CNN.com [PAR] Was America founded as a Christian nation? [PAR] By Mark Edwards, Special to CNN [PAR] Updated 10:22 AM ET, Sat July 4, 2015 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] The Enlightenment movement, which questioned traditional authority and embraced rationalism, heavily influenced The Declaration of Independence. In breaking away from Great Britain, Thomas Jefferson called on the \"certain unalienable rights\" of \"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.\" These rights varied only slightly from the rights of \"life, liberty and property\" British philosopher John Locke laid out in his 1689 \"Two Treatises of Government.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] The Bill of Rights, the first 10 amendments added to the U.S. Constitution, were meant to put specific limits on government power. The early U.S. government was split into two factions: the Federalists, who supported a strong national government, and the Anti-Federalists, who feared centralized government. The Bill of Rights were added as part of a compromise between the sparring parties. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] Thomas Jefferson was the main author of the Declaration of Independence and the nation's third President. He was also deeply interested in science, philosophy and architecture. He designed his own gravestone and insisted that it read, \"Here was buried, Thomas Jefferson, Author of the Declaration of American Independence of the Statute of Virginia for religious freedom & Father of the University of Virginia.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] John Hancock is best known for his extravagant signature on the Declaration of Independence, which he was the first to sign. However, Hancock was also a key figure in early revolutionary politics and one of the richest men in New England. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] The Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were both debated and adopted in Philadelphia's Independence Hall. Nearby is the cracked Liberty Bell, which reads \"Proclaim liberty throughout all the land onto all the inhabitant thereof.\" The bell and its inscription were later used as a rallying cry for the abolitionist and women's suffrage movements. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] Thomas Paine published \"Common Sense\" in 1776. It was written in a plain style meant to convince the \"common people\" of the colonies to support the independence movement. The pamphlet was wildly popular, with founding father John Adams remarking that, \"Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] Benjamin Franklin was an author, publisher, ambassador, inventor, political theorist and scientist. While arguably one of the most Influential founding fathers, he never ran for President and died early in George Washington's first term. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Early U.S. history [PAR] Enraged by the British Parliament's tax on tea, rebel colonists, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire East India Company tea shipment in the Boston Harbor. The British government responded with a crackdown on self-government in the colonies, which liberty-seeking colonists called the \"Intolerable Act.\" Rising tensions sparked the American Revolution in 1775. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 8 [PAR] Mark Edwards teaches"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frank C. Carlucci | Secretary of Defense for Ronald Reagan Frank C. Carlucci - 16th Secretary of Defense for Ronald Reagan [PAR] Frank C. Carlucci [PAR] Share [PAR] Frank C. Carlucci 16th Secretary of Defense under Ronald Reagan [PAR] The Secretary of Defense manages all the armed forces of the United States. The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, National Guard, and Reserve Forces are part of this Department. [PAR] Frank C. Carlucci was appointed to the position of Secretary of Defense by President Ronald Reagan in 1987 and served until 1989. [PAR] See all Cabinet Members"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Talia Shire - Biography - IMDb Talia Shire - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Talia Shire [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (21) | Personal Quotes (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 4\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Talia Shire was born on April 25, 1946 in Lake Success, Long Island, New York, USA as Talia Rose Coppola. She is an actress, known for Rocky (1976), The Godfather: Part II (1974) and The Godfather (1972). She was previously married to Jack Schwartzman and David Shire . [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Younger sister of Francis Ford Coppola and August Coppola . [PAR] Takes name from a previous marriage to composer David Shire . [PAR] Is in many movies with Rocky co-star Burt Young and the two are good friends. [PAR] Is Italian/American. [PAR] Children: Matthew Orlando Shire (b. 1975), Jason Francesco (b. 1980) and Robert Carmine (b. 1982). [PAR] Is the only person to be directed to an Oscar-nomination by a sibling. Her brother Francis Ford Coppola directed her in The Godfather: Part II (1974). [PAR] Like her character Connie Corleone in the Godfather saga, she too is the youngest member of her family and the only daughter. [PAR] Her two most famous characters, Connie Corleone and Adrian Balboa, changed drastically during their respective franchises (\"The Godfather\" and \"Rocky\"). In \"The Godfather\" saga, her character Connie went from being an innocent, dutiful wife who suffered from abuse to being a strong willed, powerful woman who took an active part in the family business and championed nephew Vincent to become Don. In the \"Rocky\" franchise, her character Adrian went from being a shy, timid, quiet girl to being a strong woman who often gave her husband the support and extra strength he needed to go the distance and overcome his opponents. [PAR] Granddaughter of Francesco Pennino . Her character in Rocky (1976), Adrian Pennino, was named after him. [PAR] Played the girlfriend of a poor boxer twice in 1976: With Nick Nolte in the TV miniseries \"Rich Man, Poor Man\" and with Sylvester Stallone in \"Rocky.\". [PAR] Was the first family member of Francis Ford Coppola to play a part in the Godfather series, and she set a trend that the others followed: all of their characters had the same relationship to Michael Corleone in the films, that they had to Coppola in real life. Talia, as Francis' sister, played Michael's sister. Her mother Italia Coppola played Michael's mother - although only at the character's funeral. Her niece, and Francis' daughter, Sofia Coppola , played Michael's daughter and Connie Corleone's niece. Diane Keaton , who played Michael's wife, has also said that she based her performance as Kay on Eleanor Coppola , Francis' wife. [PAR] As of 2014, has appeared in four films that were nominated for the Best Picture Oscar: The Godfather (1972), The Godfather: Part II (1974), Rocky (1976) and The Godfather: Part III (1990), with the latter being the only film to not win in the category. [PAR] She appeared in three Best Picture Academy Award winners: The Godfather (1972), The Godfather: Part II (1974) and Rocky (1976). Joe Spinell also appeared in all three films."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boston Celtics | The Official Site of the Boston Celtics Boston Celtics | The Official Site of the Boston Celtics [PAR] BOSTON \u2013 The struggling New York Knicks were desperate for a win Wednesday night as they took... [PAR] 5 hours ago [PAR] Amanda Pflugrad and Marc D'Amico discuss a rare poor performance during the fourth quarter by the C... [PAR] 5 hours ago [PAR] The Celtics struggled to generate any momentum in the fourth quarter and fell to the Knicks, 117-... [PAR] 8 hours ago [PAR] Key Moment Simply put, the Knicks made the plays that they needed in order to win... [PAR] 9 hours ago"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Whole New World-Aladdin Theme Song.wmv - YouTube A Whole New World-Aladdin Theme Song.wmv - YouTube [PAR] A Whole New World-Aladdin Theme Song.wmv [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 13, 2012 [PAR] Dedicated to all Disney Classics Lovers out there. I hope you guys like it. NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED. Sorry for the mistakes, this is my first video :) [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Aladdin - A Whole New World [High Quality] - YouTube Aladdin - A Whole New World [High Quality] - YouTube [PAR] Aladdin - A Whole New World [High Quality] [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 3, 2008 [PAR] DisneySongs.net - [PAR] A Whole New World song from Aladdin. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Booker T & The MGs | Rolling Stone Booker T & The MGs | Rolling Stone [PAR] artists > B > Booker T & The MGs > Bio [PAR] Booker T & The MGs Bio [PAR] The Memphis-based quartet Booker T. & the MG's is one of the most important studio bands in the history of American popular music. On their own, the MG's are best known for their 1962 instrumental hit \"Green Onions\" (Number Three, Pop, Number One, R&B), but the group is remembered more today for its work as the house band at Stax Records, where they played behind a string of hits by heavyweight soul acts including Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Sam & Dave and the Staple Singers. [PAR] The band formed by accident one day in 1962, when seventeen-year-old keyboard player Booker T. Jones was in a Memphis studio waiting for rockabilly singer Billy Lee Riley to arrive to a recording session. He and drummer Al Jackson, bassist Lewie Steinberg and guitarist Steve Cropper began jamming on the melody that would become \"Green Onions.\" Stax Records president Jim Stewart liked the tune so much he decided to record it and put it out as a single. The band needed a name, so Jackson suggested the MG's, for the popular early-sixties sports car. Eventually, MG's came to stand for Memphis Group. The style of the song \u2014 a bouncy, organ-driven R&B melody with blasts of trebly, country-rock guitar over a swinging, laid-back bass-and-drums groove \u2014 became the signature musical foundation for Southern soul. [PAR] Jones had been working as a session man for Stax since 1960. Cropper was a one-time member of the Mar-Keys, a band known for its proto-MG's instrumental hit \"Last Night.\" Jackson was a veteran of the Memphis jazz scene. After two albums with the MG's \u2014 1962's Green Onions and 1965's Soul Dressing \u2014 Steinberg was replaced by another former Mar-Keys member, bassist Donald \"Duck\" Dunn. The MG's were prolific throughout Sixties, recording their own albums in addition to their work as the Stax house band. Their string of hits include \"Boot-leg\" (Number Ten R&B, Number 58 pop, 1965), \"Groovin'\" (Number Ten R&B, Number 21, Pop, 1967), \"Hip Hug-Her\" (Number Six R&B, Number 37, Pop, 1967), \"Soul Limbo\" (Number 17 Pop, 1968), Hang 'Em High\" (Number Nine Pop, Number 35 R&B, 1969) and \"Time is Tight\" (Number Six Pop, Number Seven R&B, 1969). Although mostly known for their hip singles, the MG's stretched out on the ambitious McLemore Avenue (#19 R&B, 1970), the band's funky, instrumental version of the Beatles' Abbey Road in its entirety. [PAR] As important as their music, Booker T. & the MG's \u2014 two black members and two white members \u2014 became a symbol of racial integration in the South during the civil rights years. As the individual members began getting session work in other cities, they had less and less time for their work as the MG's, and the group called it quits in 1971. Their final album, released that year, was the aptly named Melting Pot. In 1975, the band had begun work on a reunion album when Al Jackson was shot and killed by a burglar at his home in Memphis. Three years later, Cropper and Dunn backed the Blues Brothers \u2014 Saturday Night Live's John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd's semi-serious send-up of an R&B band \u2014 for the Number One album Briefcase Full of Blues, which included a cover of the Sam & Dave hit \"Soul Man\" that reached Number 14 on the Pop chart. The project was so popular that Cropper and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Florence Ballard - The Supremes Wiki - Wikia Florence Ballard | The Supremes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Florence Ballard (born Florence Glenda Ballard on June 30, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan) was one of the founding members of the Supremes. [PAR] As a member of the group, she sang on sixteen top-40 singles (including ten number-one hit songs). [PAR] In 1967, she was removed from the Supremes lineup and pursued a solo career which was unsuccessful. [PAR] For five years, Florence struggled with alcoholism, depression & poverty. She attempted to make a comeback, but she sadly died of cardiac arrest in February of 1976 when she was only 32 years old. [PAR] Florence's death was considered by one critic as \"one of rock's greatest tragedies.\" [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Early photo of Florence [PAR] Florence was born in Detroit, Michigan to Lurlee (n\u00e9e Wilson) and Jessie Ballard. She is of African-American, Native American & European-American descent. [PAR] She was the eighth of thirteen children in her family. Florence was described as smart, low-key and tomboyish. [PAR] As a child, she earned two nicknames as a child: \"Flo\" and \"Blondie\" (due to her mixed-raced heritage & her light auburn hair). [PAR] Lurlee was from Rosetta, Missisippi & Jessie was from Bessemer, Albama. Jessie was born under the name \"Jesse Lambert.\" [PAR] After Jessie's grandmother was shot & killed, he was adopted by another family named the Ballards & Jessie changed his surname to \"Ballard.\" [PAR] Jessie left his adoptive parents when he was 13 years old and engaged in an affair with Lurlee (who was only 14 years old at the time). [PAR] In 1926, the Ballards moved to Detroit where Jessie soon worked at General Motors. Jessie was also an amateur musician & helped instigate Florence's interest in singing, teaching her various songs while accompanying her on the guitar. [PAR] Due to financial struggles, Florence & her family moved frequently to different neighborhoods in Detroit. [PAR] By the time Florence was 15 years old, she & her family settled at Detroit's Brewster-Douglass housing projects. The following year, her father passed away from cancer. [PAR] She attended Northeastern High School and was coached vocally by Abraham Silver. [PAR] While in Northeastern, Florence met a girl from a different school named Mary Wilson as the two sang on the same talent show. Shortly after, they became friends. [PAR] In 1959, she was spotted on her porch by a local talent scout named Milton Jenkins, then manager of the vocal group the Primes as he sought to find female vocalists to fill spots for a sister group of the Primes. [PAR] Impressed by her vocals, Milton asked Florence if she knew any more singers. Ballard soon asked Mary to join the group who enlisted another neighbor Diane Ross . Betty Mcglown completed the original lineup and Milton named them the Primettes. [PAR] After performing in sock hops and jubilees for much of a year, the group auditioned for Motown Records founder Berry Gordy after Motown staffer Richard Morris introduced the group to him. [PAR] Berry advised the then-underage vocal group to graduate from high school before auditioning again [PAR] Shortly afterwards, Florence was raped at knife point by local high school basketball player Reggie Harding after leaving a sock hop at Detroit's Graystone Ballroom where she had attended with her brother, but they were separated accidentally. [PAR] The rape occurred at an empty parking lot off of Woodward Avenue. [PAR] Florence responded by secluding herself in her house, refusing to come outside, which worried her group-mates. Weeks later,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Susan Sarandon said about Trump was out of this world ... What Susan Sarandon said about Trump was out of this world - The Washington Post [PAR] What Susan Sarandon said about Trump was out of this world [PAR] The inside track on Washington politics. [PAR] Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we\u2019ll e-mail you free updates as they\u2019re published. [PAR] You\u2019ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. [PAR] You\u2019re all set! [PAR] By Jonathan Capehart By Jonathan Capehart March 29, 2016 Follow @capehartj [PAR] Susan Sarandon watches Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) speak at an event in Iowa on Jan. 27. (Chris Carlson/Associated Press) [PAR] MSNBC\u2019s Chris Hayes interviewed actress Susan Sarandon on Monday and right now I. Can\u2019t. Even. [PAR] The surrogate for Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) told Hayes, \u201cI don\u2019t know. I\u2019m going to see what happens\u201d when he asked whether she would vote for Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump. Not committing to voting for Clinton wasn\u2019t terribly shocking. Sarandon had spent a considerable amount of time knocking the former secretary of state\u2019s record. But what she said about Trump was out of this world. [PAR] HAYES: Right, but isn\u2019t the question always in an election about choices, right. I mean, I think a lot of people think to themselves well if it\u2019s Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, and I think Bernie Sanders probably would think this\u2026 [PAR] SARANDON: I think Bernie probably would encourage people because he doesn\u2019t have any ego. I think a lot of people are sorry, I can\u2019t bring myself to do that. [PAR] HAYES: How about you personally? [PAR] SARANDON: I don\u2019t know. I\u2019m going to see what happens. [PAR] HAYES: Really? [PAR] SARANDON: Really. [PAR] HAYES: I cannot believe as you\u2019re watching the, if Donald Trump\u2026 [PAR] SARANDON: Some people feel Donald Trump will bring the revolution immediately if he gets in then things will really, you know explode. [PAR] When Hayes asked Sarandon if she didn\u2019t think that argument was \u201cdangerous,\u201d she said, \u201cThe status quo is not working, and I think it\u2019s dangerous to think that we can continue the way we are with the militarized police force, with privatized prisons, with the death penalty, with the low minimum wage, with threats to women\u2019s rights and think that you can\u2019t do something huge to turn that around.\u201d [PAR] [ Time to take our country back \u2014 from Donald Trump ] [PAR] Actress Susan Sarandon spoke at a rally for Bernie Sanders in Mason City, Iowa, Jan. 27. (Bernie Sanders) [PAR] Let me state clearly that the passion with which Sarandon campaigns for Sanders is something we need more of in American politics. If more were as engaged and active as she is, our ongoing national discussion of the issues would be as dynamic as they would be thrilling. But the Academy Award-winning actress displayed the downside of such fervent participation: the inability or unwillingness of too many to see that their insistence on political purity could lead to calamity. [PAR] This is not Sarandon\u2019s first time making the perfect the enemy of the good. In the 2000 presidential campaign, when misguided progressives believed that a vote for Vice President Al Gore was the same as voting for then-Texas Gov. George W. Bush, she was an active supporter of Ralph Nader. And we all know how that turned out. [PAR] Ralph Nader in 2000. (Lucian Perkins/The Washington Post) [PAR] [ A warning to warring Democrats in the Clinton-Sanders race ]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hartley: The Go-Between - portifex.com Hartley: The Go-Between [PAR] Click above to visit the entire site [PAR] The Go-Between [PAR] by L P Hartley (1953; NYRB, 2002) [PAR] L P Hartley's The Go-Between projects the memories of a man in his sixties, looking back on the summer of 1900, when he turned thirteen at a grand country house in Norfolk. Rented by the family of a prep-school chum, Brandham Hall is Leo Colston's dream of England not least because it actually belongs to a viscount. An intelligent boy, highly attentive, as English prep school boys will be, to matters of rank, Leo notices a great deal, including many things that he doesn't understand, chief among them the lusty amour that he himself facilitates by playing postman to his friend's beautiful sister, Marian, and a neighboring farmer, Ted. There is reason to believe that Hartley didn't understand it himself. In his introduction to the NYRB reprint, Colm T\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdib\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdn tells us that the homosexual author was not sympathetic toward the bucolic Tristan and Isolde who figure so powerfully in the uncomprehending Leo's world. [PAR] It is clear from letters and articles that Hartley disapproved of [the love] affair and expected the reader to do so as well. He set out, he wrote, to produce \"a story of innocence betrayed, and not only betrayed but corrupted.\" When he gave a talk at Leicester a few month's after the book's publication, he was surprised to discover that his audience had sympathy with Marian and Ted. \"I wonder,\" he wrote to his publisher, \"what the Midlands are coming to.\" [PAR] Although Leo initially idealizes both Marian and Ted, each of them is eventually rather nasty to him. He is especially shocked when Marian, who has made him her prot\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdg\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and taken him to nearby Norwich to kit him out with decent summer clothes, turns on him. That he's surprised by her outburst tells us more about him than it does about her: he has just refused to deliver a note to Ted. This is his reasoning: now that she is all but officially engaged to Viscount Trimingham (the impoverished owner of the great house), surely she cannot wish to have further correspondence of the \"darling darling darling\" sort with Ted! [PAR] He's wrong about that. [PAR] \"You come into this house, our guest,\" she stormed, \"we take you in, we know nothing about you, we make a great fuss of you \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I suppose you wouldn't deny that? \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I know I have \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and then I ask you to do a simple thing which a child in the street that I'd never spoken to would do for the asking \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and you have the infernal cheek to say that you won't! We've spoilt you. I'll never ask you to do anything for me again, never! I won't speak to you again!\" [PAR] Marian goes on to insult Leo by claiming that he's after some sort of compensation: \"You want paying, that's what you want.\" He snatches the note and takes it to Ted, where has has a correspondingly unpleasant encounter. The spell is broken: Leo wants to leave Brandham Hall at once, despite the big birthday party planned in his honor. He is more offended by the lovers' indiscretion (which is as much of their conduct as he can imagine) than the sternest dowager would be, because he invests the code of good conduct with a romantic chivalry that would never trouble a doughty, sharp-eyed battleaxe. Although I doubt very much that Hartley intended any references to Wagner's opera, he has made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chim Chim Cheree Mary Poppins MagicChimneySweep.com - YouTube Chim Chim Cheree Mary Poppins MagicChimneySweep.com - YouTube [PAR] Chim Chim Cheree Mary Poppins MagicChimneySweep.com [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 14, 2013 [PAR] http://magicchimneysweep.com/ Great song! If you live in the NW Georgia area, we want to be YOUR Chimney Sweep. Just $99 for most chimneys! [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tossin' and Turnin' - Bobby Lewis | Listen, Appearances ... Tossin' and Turnin' - Bobby Lewis | Song Info | AllMusic [PAR] Tossin' and Turnin' [PAR] google+ [PAR] Song Review by John Bush [PAR] One of the biggest hits of 1961, \"Tossin' and Turnin'\" enjoyed a long shelf life courtesy of cover versions by countless frat bands and bluesmen. Bobby Lewis, a solid R&B/blues veteran informed by the relaxed drawl of Fats Domino, recorded the song with a twist shuffle and the twangy guitar licks of the song's co-writer, Ritchie Adams. \"Tossin' and Turnin'\" also benefitted from a crazed saxophone break that appeared to feature a duet with the sweetest sounding musical comb ever recorded (it was actually a saxophone mouthpiece played in unison). Released in late 1960 on the Beltone label owned by Les Cahan and distributed by country/R&B kingpin Syd Nathan, \"Tossin' and Turnin'\" spent 23 weeks on the charts, sold three million copies, and had little trouble making it to the top spot on the pop charts. \"One Track Mind,\" which appeared on the back of its better-performing predecessor, was Lewis' only other Top Ten hit. [PAR] Appears On"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About | Sam Phillips Recording About | Sam Phillips Recording [PAR] Search [PAR] Sam Phillips is not just one of the most important producers in rock history, he is also one of the most important figures in 20th-century American culture. As owner and founder of his Memphis Recording Service Studio and Sun Record Company, he was the vital creative innovator at the epicenter of establishing rock n\u2019 roll as the fresh, new, global music of the 20th-century era. He produced, recorded, inspired and launched the careers of the artists that originally defined this new musical sound\u2026Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, Charlie Rich, B.B. King, Ike Turner, Howlin\u2019 Wolf, Little Milton, Rufus Thomas, and so many more. Sam first made his mark (and a very deep one) with electric rhythm and blues by African American black performers. He will always be remembered for all of the music he created, but probably most remembered for his difference-making rock n\u2019 roll artists, particularly Elvis Presley. [PAR] After successfully outgrowing his Memphis Recording Service/ Sun Studio, Phillips opened Sam Phillips Recording service in 1960. [PAR] 1960 Local Newspaper Memphis Press-Scimitar Writes: [PAR] Sam Phillips, who made $2 million in the record business without a desk, finally has one-and a new three quarters of a million dollar studios to go with it. As he leans back in an upholstered arm chair as white and billowy as the heavenly chariot, the white Formica top of the walnut desk slashes across in front of him like the wing of a jet. His left hand rests on the colorfully buttoned control panel of the huge stereophonic hi-fi- a juke box that requires no dimes-which sits at the other end of the office. \u201cThis is a little Cape Canaveral of the recording business,\u201d he says, his eye taking in the two floors of studios, control rooms, mastering rooms, mailing rooms and offices which lie beneath the penthouse executive offices. \u201cWoodshed recordings have had it. You\u2019ve got to have the latitude today- all the electronic devices, built in high and low frequency equalization and attenuation, echoes, channel-splitting facilities, and metering on everything. [PAR] \u201cEach section of the building is structurally isolated from the rest, and there are exact humidity controls for the studios, control rooms, editing and mastering rooms. Everything that has gone into this building\u201d, Phillips continued, \u201chas been custom built which is why it has taken us two and a half years to get it finished. We have built for the future. We are fully equipped to perform the finest recording techniques now, and we are prepared for any new innovation that may come along. In our experience, and in the opinions of many professional people who have already visited our new studio, we have one of the best equipped and most versatile recording studios, not just in the South or even in the nation, but in the world.\u201d [PAR] Formerly the Midas Muffler shop, the building at 639 Madison was stripped to it\u2019s shell and completely rebuilt. William W. Bond Jr. was the architect and Denise Howard, of Decor by Denise, assisted in design phases of the front, and designed the mobile of brightly colored disks which keynotes it. She also handled interior designing and furnishing, including such luxury features such as an employees lounge, executive bar, and the roof top sun deck which, with potted plants and redwood fencing, provides an atmosphere of outdoor living, visible through the windows of the penthouse executive offices. [PAR] Over the years Sam Phillips Recording has recorded these artists: [PAR] Jerry Lee"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Get Smart (TV Series 1965\u20131970) - IMDb Get Smart (TV Series 1965\u20131970) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Bumbling Maxwell Smart, Agent 86 for CONTROL, battles the evil forces of KAOS with the help of his competent partner Agent 99. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Agent 99 accepts a marriage proposal from a handsome and wealthy suitor, but Max finds out that he is actually a KAOS agent. [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] Both sides are kidnapping agents at such a rate that almost no one is left on either side. [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] Agents are disappearing at the airport and that includes the Chief. Max trails them to a POW camp in New Jersey run by KAOS. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Memorable Looks From the Golden Globes Red Carpet [PAR] From gorgeous gowns to famous friendships, take a stroll down memory lane with our gallery of unforgettable Golden Globes red-carpet photos. Don't miss our live coverage of the Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 16 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 05 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 20 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 21 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Get Smart \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Get Smart (1965\u20131970) [PAR] 8.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Golden Globes. Another 11 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A United States astronaut finds his life vastly complicated when he stumbles on to a bottle containing a female genie. [PAR] Stars: Barbara Eden, Larry Hagman, Bill Daily [PAR] A witch married to an ordinary man cannot resist using her magic powers to solve the problems her family faces. [PAR] Stars: Elizabeth Montgomery, Dick York, Dick Sargent [PAR] Seven men and women are stranded on an uncharted island following a torrential storm. [PAR] Stars: Bob Denver, Alan Hale Jr., Jim Backus [PAR] A family of friendly monsters have misadventures, never quite understanding why people react to them so strangely. [PAR] Stars: Fred Gwynne, Al Lewis, Yvonne De Carlo [PAR] The misadventures of a blissfully macabre but extremely loving family. [PAR] Stars: John Astin, Carolyn Jones, Jackie Coogan [PAR] The Cunningham family live through the 1950s with help and guidance from the lovable and almost superhuman greaser, Fonzie. [PAR] Stars: Ron Howard, Henry Winkler, Marion Ross [PAR] A nouveau riche hillbilly family moves to Beverly Hills and shakes up the privileged society with their hayseed ways. [PAR] Stars: Buddy Ebsen, Donna Douglas, Irene Ryan [PAR] The misadventures of a TV writer both at work and at home. [PAR] Stars: Dick Van Dyke, Mary Tyler Moore, Rose Marie [PAR] A sarcastic Martian comes to live with a hapless young Terran on Earth. [PAR] Stars: Ray Walston, Bill Bixby, Pamela Britton [PAR] A wacky alien comes to Earth to study its residents, and the life of the human woman he boards with is never the same. [PAR] Stars: Robin Williams, Pam Dawber, Ralph James [PAR] A New York"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Use Keyboard Shortcuts to Make Your Life Easier ... How to Use Keyboard Shortcuts to Make Your Life Easier | Senior Planet [PAR] How to Use Keyboard Shortcuts to Make Your Life Easier [PAR] 09/30/2013 [PAR] 13 comments [PAR] Looking for computer help? Every week, our Tekspert answers one question about digital technology. Computers, tablets, phones, cameras\u2026 [PAR] What do you do when you want to print something on your computer or close out of an application? How about when you need to copy and paste? If you use your cursor and the drop-down menu at the top of your screen, then I\u2019ve got good news for you: There\u2019s an easier way. [PAR] Whether you are using a PC or a Mac, your computer has built-in keyboard shortcuts for a number of actions. You can even use a keyboard shortcut to undo a mistake you just made, or to scroll up or down a webpage. Using keyboard shortcuts is much faster, because your hands aren\u2019t going back and forth between your mouse or trackpad and your keyboard, and they make your life easier. If you\u2019re having any pain in your hands, using the keyboard instead of the mouse when possible can save exacerbating it. [PAR] While you\u2019re learning these shortcuts, you might have to reference this list. Use the black \u201cPrint\u201d button at the top of the page to bring up a printable version so you can keep it handy. [PAR] [PAR] General Shortcuts [PAR] [PAR] Wherever you see the \u201c+\u201d sign below, depress both keys at once. In other words, in where you see \u201cControl + F\u201d depress the \u201cControl\u201d key and the \u201cF\u201d key at the same time. [PAR] Log In or say \u201cOkay\u201d You don\u2019t always have to use your cursor to click the \u201clog in\u201d or \u201csign in\u201d button after you\u2019ve entered your password. Instead you can just hit the \u201cEnter\u201d key on your PC or your or \u201cReturn\u201d key on your Mac. The same thing goes for the \u201cokay\u201d button; just hit \u201cEnter\u201d or \u201cReturn.\u201d [PAR] Find a word or phrase When you want to quickly locate a particular word or phrase in a large amount of text, whether in a document, in an email or on a webpage, just hit these keys: [PAR] PC Control + F [PAR] Mac \u2318Command + F [PAR] A small search bar will appear near the top right or bottom left of your screen, where you can type the word or phrase you\u2019re looking for. Then hit the \u201cEnter\u201d or \u201cReturn\u201d key to have your computer conduct the search. [PAR] Scroll up, down or sideways Instead of using your cursor on the scroll bar, you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard. The \u201cup\u201d arrow scrolls up, the \u201cdown\u201d arrow scrolls down, and the left and right arrow will scroll horizontally if you happen to be a web page that\u2019s wider than your computer screen. [PAR] Print This shortcut works both in word processing applications like Microsoft Word and in web browsers like Safari or Internet Explorer. You can also use this shortcut if you need to print an email confirmation (like a receipt or a ticket for an event.) While this shortcut is handy, if you\u2019re printing something from the web, first look for a little printer icon on the webpage you want to print. This will provide you a printer-friendly version that\u2019s easier to read on paper. [PAR] PC Control + P [PAR] Mac \u2318Command + P [PAR] Undo your mistake Made a mistake? Did you accidentally delete something or did a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Origins of NASA Names - chapter 4 chapter 4 [PAR] View of the moon from Apollo 8. [PAR] [PAR] [ 97] NASA's first four manned spaceflight projects were Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab. As the first U.S. manned spaceflight project, Project Mercury-which included two manned suborbital flights and four orbital flights-\"fostered Project Apollo and fathered Project Gemini.\" 1 The second manned spaceflight project initiated was the Apollo manned lunar exploration program. The national goal of a manned lunar landing in the 1960s was set forth by President John F. Kennedy 25 May 1961: [PAR] [PAR] . . . I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goals, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.... But in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon-if we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation. 2 [PAR] [PAR] The interim Project Gemini, completed in 1966, was conducted to provide spaceflight experience, techniques, and training in preparation for the complexities of Apollo lunar-landing missions. Project Skylab was originality conceived as a program to use hardware developed for Project Apollo in related manned spaceflight missions; it evolved into the Orbital Workshop program with three record-breaking missions in 1973-1974 to man the laboratory in earth orbit, producing new data on the sun, earth resources, materials technology, and effects of space on man. [PAR] The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was an icebreaking effort in international cooperation. The United States and the U.S.S.R. were to fly a joint mission in 1975 to test new systems that permitted their spacecraft to dock with each other in orbit, for space rescue or joint research. [PAR] As technology and experience broadened man's ability to explore and use space, post-Apollo planning called for ways to make access to space more practical, more economical, nearer to routine. Early advanced studies grew into the Space Shuttle program. Development of the reusable space transportation system, to be used for most of the Nation's manned and unmanned missions in the 1980s, became the major focus of NASA's program for the 1970s. European nations cooperated by undertaking development of Spacelab, a pressurized, reusable laboratory to be flown in the Shuttle. [PAR] [PAR] [ 98] [PAR] Apollo 11 command and service module being readied for transport to the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, in left photo. Apollo 11 Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., below, setting up an experiment on the moon next to the lunar module. Opposite: the Greek god Apollo (courtesy of George Washington University). [PAR] . [PAR] [PAR] [ 99] APOLLO. In July 1960 NASA was preparing to implement its long-range plan beyond Project Mercury and to introduce a manned circumlunar mission project-then unnamed-at the NASA/Industry Program Plans Conference in Washington. Abe Silverstein, Director of Space Flight Development, proposed the name \"Apollo\" because it was the name of a god in ancient Greek mythology with attractive connotations and the precedent for naming manned spaceflight projects for mythological gods and heroes had been set with Mercury. 1 Apollo was god of archery, prophecy, poetry, and music, and most significantly he was god of the sun. In his horse-drawn golden chariot, Apollo pulled the sun in its course across the sky each day. 2 NASA approved the name and publicly announced \"Project Apollo\" at the July 28-29 conference. 3 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gary Player is still perfect fit for golf - LA Times Gary Player is still perfect fit for golf - LA Times [PAR] Gary Player is still perfect fit for golf [PAR] Gary Player [PAR] Chris Carlson / Associated Press [PAR] Gary Player is still limber enough to enjoy himself after making a birdie during the par-three tournament at the Masters last spring. [PAR] Gary Player is still limber enough to enjoy himself after making a birdie during the par-three tournament at the Masters last spring. (Chris Carlson / Associated Press) [PAR] Bill Dwyre [PAR] At 79, the nine-time major champion usually shoots better than his age [PAR] It was well beyond just a good day at Riviera on Thursday, and not just because the weather for the first round of the Northern Trust Open was Southern California perfect. [PAR] Gary Player was in the house. [PAR] There is nobody quite like him. Lunch with him is a four-course offering of golf, philosophy, passion and common sense. When they create the next one like him, they will need DNA from Tiger Woods , Billy Graham and Socrates. [PAR] South Africa remains his home, but Player still travels the world like he did when he was winning nine major titles. Also like he did when he added four more majors on the senior tour, making him the only one to complete Grand Slams on both tours. [PAR] Player is a jet-setting conglomerate. He makes appearances, advises businessmen, represents major golf companies such as Callaway and designs golf courses all over the world. [PAR] And he still plays. A lot. [PAR] Chris Dufresne [PAR] Retief Goosen and Vijay Singh, two carbon-based products from the PGA Tour 's Paleozoic era, were exhibited as a museum-piece pair for Thursday's first round of the Northern Trust Open. [PAR] They went out early off the fabled first tee at Riviera Country Club, in the 7:11 a.m. time slot. [PAR] Their ages added... [PAR] Retief Goosen and Vijay Singh, two carbon-based products from the PGA Tour 's Paleozoic era, were exhibited as a museum-piece pair for Thursday's first round of the Northern Trust Open. [PAR] They went out early off the fabled first tee at Riviera Country Club, in the 7:11 a.m. time slot. [PAR] Their ages added... [PAR] (Chris Dufresne) [PAR] \"Seventy-five is a bad score for me,\" he says. \"I shoot my age almost every time out.\" [PAR] He has earned the right to brag. He will be 80 in November. [PAR] The opinions intersect and intermingle with the wonderful stories and memories. The recent U.S. failures in the Ryder Cup converge easily with his first swing at St. Andrews in 1956. [PAR] \"You know how the U.S. can win the Ryder Cup?\" Player says. \"Play better. Don't make excuses. Just play better. [PAR] A golfer finishes his round at Riviera Country Club and a reporter asks: \"How did you play No. 10?\" [PAR] It is hard to imagine a more talked-about hole on the PGA Tour . [PAR] It helps that Jack Nicklaus, long ago, called No. 10 one of the... [PAR] It's one of the annual post-round rituals at the Northern Trust Open . [PAR] A golfer finishes his round at Riviera Country Club and a reporter asks: \"How did you play No. 10?\" [PAR] It is hard to imagine a more talked-about hole on the PGA Tour . [PAR] It helps that Jack Nicklaus, long ago, called No. 10 one of the... [PAR] (Chris Dufresne) [PAR] \"They were going to form a committee to study what was wrong and try"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World War I Ended With the Treaty of Versailles World War I Ended With the Treaty of Versailles [PAR] Great War & Jazz Age (1914-1928) [PAR] [PAR] This song was meant to express the voice of children during World War I: \"We want our Daddy dear, back home (Hello Central, give me France)\" [PAR] World War I Ended With the Treaty of Versailles [PAR] June 28, 1919 [PAR] World War I (1914-1918) was finally over. This first global conflict had claimed from 9 million to 13 million lives and caused unprecedented damage. Germany had formally surrendered on November 11, 1918, and all nations had agreed to stop fighting while the terms of peace were negotiated. On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and Russia) signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war. (Versailles is a city in France, 10 miles outside of Paris.) Do you know what triggered the conflict, sometimes called the \"Great War\"? [PAR] page 1 of 3[DOC] [TLE] The Ending of World War One, and the Legacy of Peace - BBC BBC - History - World Wars: The Ending of World War One, and the Legacy of Peace [PAR] The Ending of World War One, and the Legacy of Peace [PAR] By Martin Kitchen [PAR] Last updated 2011-02-17 [PAR] Germany had high hopes of winning World War One - especially after astonishing advances early in 1918. Martin Kitchen explains how, despite these victories, Germany fell apart, how the blame game was played during the subsequent peace negotiations, and how this helped Hitler's rise to power. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Russia's exit [PAR] Russia's exit from World War One, in 1917, must have made an eventual victory for Germany seem quite likely to German leaders, and vindicated their nurturing of Russian dissidents. From the very early months of World War One, the German government had been in touch with exiled Russian revolutionaries, many of them Bolsheviks, in the hopes that they could be used to undermine the Russian war effort against Germany. [PAR] A sealed train passed through Germany ... with the conspirators hidden on board ... [PAR] This didn't pay off in the first years of the war, but - although the Germans were in no way implicated - the February revolution in 1917 that eventually toppled the Russian tsarist regime raised German hopes that Russia would soon withdraw from the war. These hopes were soon dashed, as the new, provisional liberal government in Russia decided to continue to fight against Germany and the Central Powers. [PAR] Towards the end of March, however, the German foreign office and the High Command agreed to send one of the exiled Bolshevik leaders, Vladimir Lenin, plus 31 other \u00e9migr\u00e9s opposed both to the tsarists and the liberals, back to Russia from Switzerland. [PAR] This was in the hopes that they would topple the Provisional Government and sue to bring an end to Russia's involvement in the war. A sealed train passed through Germany during the night of 10 to 11 April, with the conspirators hidden on board, and within a few months the policy appeared to be crowned with spectacular success. [PAR] Widespread war weariness among the general population of Russia was the major cause of the October Revolution of that year; this brought the Bolsheviks to power, and almost the first act of the new government was to publish its peace proposals on 8 November. The fighting on the Eastern Front ended within a few weeks, and a peace conference began its deliberations at Brest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welsh Vocal Harmony Music - Singers.com Singers.com - Welsh choral groups - celtic, choral and folk music from Wales [PAR] | Ralph Vaughn Williams [PAR] London Welsh Chorale : A Century of Welsh Music [PAR] Review: The London Welsh Chorale's second CD: Cennin Aur - A Century of Welsh Music charts the progress of choral music in Wales over the last hundred years. The most recent work being In My Craft by Geraint Lewis, a commission to celebrate the life of Dylan Thomas whose daughter Aeronwy was one of the Chorale's vice presidents for many years. [PAR] Songlist: Efe A Ddaw, Gweddi Y Pechadur, Yr Arglwydd Yw Fy Mugail, Dyn A Aned O Wraig, Gwel Uwchlaw Cymylau Amser, Dyrchafaf Fy Llygaid, Laudamus, Molwch Yr Arglwydd, Y Mae Afon, Cennin Aur, Cadwyn, Magnificat & Numc Dimittis, In My Craft Or Sullen Art [PAR] 6207c | 1 CD | $12.95 | [PAR] Men Aloud : Live From Wales [PAR] Review: Fresh off their Platinum album debut, and on the heels of their stunning victory on BBC's television smash hit show, Last Choir Standing , Britain's favorite choir MEN ALOUD is set to bring their unique music making to North America. The choir, led by Tim Rhys-Evans, features 20 tremendous vocal talents from across Wales. In addition, Men Aloud is also a recent winner of the Classical Brit Album of the Year award for their second album, Band of Brothers. The program was produced in association with the BBC and was filmed in the Wales Millennium Center with featured performances by opera star Bryn Terfel, John Owen Jones (leading man of Broadway and London's West End's Les Miserables, Phantom of the Opera & Showboat) and pop icon, Bonnie Tyler. Men Aloud was formed in 2000 by Tim Rhys-Evans. Tim s primary aim was to encourage young men to get involved with one of Wales oldest and best loved traditions, male voice singing. The group are unafraid to tackle music not normally associated with male voice choirs, and their repertoire ranges from the 17th Century to the present day. [PAR] Songlist: O Verona, It Ain't Necessarily So, Don't Rain on My Parade, Macarthur Park, Bridge Over Troubled Water, All by Myself, Bui-Doi, Sit Down You'Re Rocking the Boat, Rhythm of Life, Cwm Rhondda, Gwahoddiad, Mae Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau [PAR] 20801c | 1 CD | $15.95 | [PAR] Rhos Orpheus Male Choir : Carols at Christmas [PAR] Review: The Village of RHOSLLANNERCHRUGOG (\"Rhos\") is situated some 4 miles south west of Wrexham in North Wales, which itself is 12 miles south of the historic Roman city of Chester. lt is a former mining village, but the last remaining pit closed in 1987. Once known as the largest village in Wales, it has a long history of producing talented performers in all areas of the arts. Over the years, it has been home to two male voice choirs, a ladies' choir, a girls' choir, a mixed choir and a championship quality Silver Band. Rhos has been the birthplace of many top class musicians, actors and singers who have made significant contributions to Welsh culture not only as performers, but also as writers and composers. Here the male choir sings some holiday favorites. [PAR] Songlist: The First Nowell, While Shepards Watched, Deck The Halls, Away In A Manger, The Coventry Carol, God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen, The Holly And The Ivy, Hark The Herald Angels Sing, O Come All Ye Faithful, In The Bleak Midwinter, Ding-Dong Merrily On High, We Three Kings, O, Little Town Of Bethlehem, Once In Royal David's City, It Came"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989) - The New York Times Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989) - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989) | [PAR] Search [PAR] Supported by [PAR] Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989) [PAR] News about Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989), including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. More [PAR] Updated: Aug. 3, 2010 [PAR] In March 1989, the Exxon Valdez supertanker ran aground on Bligh Reef, ruptured and spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound. The spill was the worst that had occured up to that point in American history, damaging more than 1,300 miles of shoreline, disrupting the lives and livelihoods of people in the region and killing hundreds of thousands of birds and marine animals. [PAR] It occurred after the ship's captain, Joseph J. Hazelwood, left the bridge at a crucial moment. Mr. Hazelwood, an alcoholic, had downed five double vodkas on the night of the disaster, according to witnesses. The spill stopped after just a few days but the recovery may not have an end date. [PAR] The damage to the fishing industry and to native subsistence hunting has lasted for years. Exxon originally was ordered by a federal court to pay $5 billion in punitive damages in 1994. A federal appeal in 2006 reduced it to $2.5 billion. In 2008 the United States Supreme Court further reduced the damages to just over $500 million. More than $2 billion has been spent on cleanup and recovery. Exxon has paid at least $1 billion in damages. [PAR] The accident helped to create a new industry around environmental groups, scientific organizations, experts in the psychological trauma of oil spills. A network of fishermen is now trained and paid by the oil industry to respond to future disasters."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When is Father's Day? 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 ... When is Father's Day? 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2015, 2016? [PAR] Home > Holiday and Occasions > Fathers Day > When is Father's Day? [PAR] Father's Day 2017 [PAR] Need to know the exact date of Fathers Day this year? Here's a chart that shows what day Father's Day is celebrated from 2015 - 2025. [PAR] In the USA, UK and Canada - Fathers' Day is celebrated on the 3rd Sunday in June since being made a national holiday in 1966. In Australia and New Zealand, fathers are honored the first Sunday in September. Other countries celebrate fathers throughout the year. [PAR] Year [PAR] Fathers' Day in U.S.A., Canada and U.K. [PAR] Fathers' Day in Australia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History Timeline of the 20th Century History Timeline of the 20th Century [PAR] History Timeline of the 20th Century [PAR] History Timeline of the 20th Century [PAR] A Decade-by-Decade Timeline [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] Browse through this history timeline of the 20th century to examine each decade within this amazing century. [PAR] Picture courtesy of The Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin. [PAR] The 1900s [PAR] This decade opened the century with some amazing feats like the first flight by the Wright brothers, Henry Ford's first Model-T, and Einstein's Theory of Relativity. It also had hardships like the Boxer Rebellion and the San Francisco Earthquake. [PAR] The 1900s also saw the introduction of the first silent movie and teddy bear. Plus, don't miss out in discovering more about the mysterious explosion in Siberia. [PAR] Learn more about the this \"humdinger\" decade through the 1900-1909 timeline . More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] Picture courtesy the Photos of the Great War Archive. [PAR] The 1910s [PAR] This decade was unfortunately dominated by the first \"total war\" -- World War I. It also saw other huge changes during the Russian Revolution and the beginning of Prohibition. Tragedy struck when a fire rampaged through Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, the \"unsinkable\" Titanic hit an iceberg, and the Spanish flu killed millions around the world. [PAR] On a more positive note, people in the 1910s got their first taste of an Oreo cookie and could fill out their first crossword. [PAR] Take a \"gander\" at this decade through the 1910-1919 timeline . More \u00bb [PAR] Picture courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZ62-30776 DLC] [PAR] The 1920s [PAR] The Roaring '20s were a time of speakeasies, short skirts, the Charleston dance, and jazz music. The 1920s also showed great strides in Women's Suffrage and archaeology hit the mainstream with the discovery of King Tut's Tomb. [PAR] There were an amazing number of cultural firsts in the 1920s, including the first talking film, Babe Ruth hitting his home-run record, and the first Mickey Mouse cartoon. [PAR] Learn more about this \"nifty\" decade through the 1920-1929 timeline . More \u00bb [PAR] Picture part of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Collection, courtesy of the National Archives. [PAR] The 1930s [PAR] The Great Depression hit the world hard in the 1930s. The Nazis took advantage of this situation and were able to come to power in Germany, establish their first concentration camp, and begin a systematic persecution of Jews in Europe. [PAR] Other news in the 1930s included the disappearance of Amelia Earhart, a wild and murderous crime spree by Bonnie and Clyde, and the imprisonment of Al Capone for income tax evasion. [PAR] Learn more about this \"snazzy\" decade through the 1930-1939 timeline . More \u00bb [PAR] Picture part of the Estelle Bechoefer Collection, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives. [PAR] The 1940s [PAR] World War II was already underway by the time the 1940s began and it was definitely the big event of the first half of the decade. Plus, the Nazis established death camps in their effort to murder millions of Jews during the Holocaust. [PAR] When World War II ended, the Cold War began. The 1940s also witnessed the assassination of Gandhi and the beginning of Apartheid. [PAR] So you should, \"you know,\" learn more about this decade through the 1940-1949 timeline . More \u00bb [PAR] Picture courtesy of the National Archives. [PAR] The 1950s [PAR] The 1950s are sometimes referred to as the Golden"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chess History - Best Of Chess Chess History - Best Of Chess [PAR] Best of chess [PAR] Chess History [PAR] Many History writers mentioned that the chess was invented in India, before the 6th century AD then the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe. In Europe, chess evolved into roughly its current form in the 15th century. In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first World Chess Championship was held in 1886. The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). Developments in the 21st century include use of computers for analysis, which originated in the 1970s with the first programmed chess games on the market. Online gaming appeared in the mid-1990s. [PAR] Those are the most famous facts happened in the history of chess: [PAR] 6th century \u2013 The game chaturanga probably evolved into its current form around this time in India. [PAR] 569 \u2013 A Chinese emperor wrote a book of xiangqi, Xiang Jing, in AD 569. [PAR] c. 600 \u2013 The Karnamuk-i-Artakhshatr-i-Papakan contains references to the Persian game of shatranj, the direct ancestor of modern Chess. shatranj was initially called \u201cChatrang\u201d in Persian (named after the Indian version), which was later renamed to shatranj. [PAR] c. 720 \u2013 Chess spreads across the Islamic world from Persia. [PAR] c. 840 \u2013 Earliest surviving chess problems by Caliph Billah of Baghdad. [PAR] c. 900 \u2013 Entry on Chess in the Chinese work Huan Kwai Lu (\u2018Book of Marvels\u2019). [PAR] 997 \u2013 Versus de scachis is the earliest known work mentioning chess in Christian Western Europe. [PAR] 1008 \u2013 Mention of chess in the will of Count Uregel, another early reference. [PAR] 10th century \u2013 As-Suli writes Kitab Ash-Shatranj, the earliest known work to take a scientific approach to chess strategy. [PAR] late 10th century \u2013 Dark and light squares are introduced on a chessboard. [PAR] 1173 \u2013 Earliest recorded use of algebraic chess notation. [PAR] 1283 \u2013 Alfonso X compiles the Libro de los juegos, with an extensive collection of chess problems. [PAR] late 13th century \u2013 Pawns can now move two ranks on first move. [PAR] late 14th century \u2013 The en passant rule is introduced. [PAR] 1422 \u2013 A manuscript from Krak\u00f3w sets the rule that stalemate is a draw. [PAR] 1471 \u2013 The G\u00f6ttingen manuscript is the first book to deal solely with chess. [PAR] 1474 \u2013 William Caxton publishes The Game and Playe of Chesse, the first chess book in English. [PAR] 1475\u20131525 \u2013 The modern moves for the queen, bishop, and castling are slowly adopted. [PAR] 1475 \u2013 Scachs d\u2019amor the first published game of modern chess, written as a poem. [PAR] 1497 \u2013 Luis Ramirez Lucena publishes the first European work on chess openings. [PAR] 1510 \u2013 Marco Girolamo Vida wrote Scacchia ludus(The Game of Chess) with the first reference to a goddess of chess. [PAR] 1512 \u2013 Pedro Damiano publishes one of the first chess treatises, Questo libro e da imparare giocare a scachi et de li partiti [PAR] 1561 \u2013 Ruy L\u00f3pez coins the word gambit to describe opening sacrifices. [PAR] 1690 \u2013 Openings are now systematically classified by the Traite de Lausanne. [PAR] 18th century [PAR] 1744 \u2013 Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor plays two opponents blindfolded in Paris. [PAR] 1747 \u2013 Fran\u00e7ois-Andr\u00e9 Danican Philidor (France) defeats Philipp Stamma (Syria) in a London match. [PAR] 1763 \u2013 Sir William Jones invents Caissa, the chess muse."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hitler meets Mussolini at the Brenner Pass - WWII Today 18th March 1940: Hitler meets Mussolini at the Brenner Pass [PAR] Hitler meets Mussolini at the Brenner Pass [PAR] Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass [PAR] On March 18th 1940 Hitler met the Italian leader Mussolini in his railway carriage in the Brenner Pass, high in the Alps, close to the border between the two countries. The haste with which the meeting was arranged had led Mussolini to suppose that Hitler \u2018would soon set off the powder keg\u2019. In the journey to the meeting Mussolini tells his Foreign Minister, Count Ciano, that the Italians will not join the war until the moment that is \u2018convenient\u2019 to them, that they will form the \u2018left wing\u2019 of the offensive, tying up troops without actually fighting. After the meeting, however, it seems less certain that Hitler will go to war. Ciano records the meeting in his diary: [PAR] The Hitler meeting is very cordial on both sides. The conference \u2026 is more a monologue than anything else. Hitler talks all the time, but is less agitated than usual. He makes few gestures and speaks in a quiet tone. He looks physically fit. Mussolini listens to him with interest and with deference. He speaks little and confirms his intention to move with Germany. He reserves to himself only the choice of the right moment . .. The conference ends with a short meal. [PAR] Later Mussolini gives me his impressions. He did not find in Hitler that uncompromising attitude which von Ribbentrop had led him to suspect. Yesterday, as well, von Ribbentrop only opened his mouth to harp on Hitler\u2019s intransigency. Mussolini believes that Hitler will think twice before he begins an offensive on land. [PAR] The meeting has not substantially changed our position."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who invented the toothbrush and when was it? (Everyday ... Who invented the toothbrush and when was it? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress) [PAR] Who invented the toothbrush and when was it invented? [PAR] [PAR] Various Peoples. 1938 (modern). [PAR] The toothbrush as we know it today was not invented until 1938. However, early forms of the toothbrush have been in existence since 3000 BC. Ancient civilizations used a \"chew stick,\" which was a thin twig with a frayed end. These 'chew sticks' were rubbed against the teeth. [PAR] The bristle toothbrush, similar to the type used today, was not invented until 1498 in China. The bristles were actually the stiff, coarse hairs taken from the back of a hog's neck and attached to handles made of bone or bamboo. [PAR] Boar bristles were used until 1938, when nylon bristles were introduced by Dupont de Nemours. The first nylon toothbrush was called Doctor West's Miracle Toothbrush. Later, Americans were influenced by the disciplined hygiene habits of soldiers from World War II. They became increasingly concerned with the practice of good oral hygiene and quickly adopted the nylon toothbrush. [PAR] Some other interesting toothbrush facts: [PAR] The first mass-produced toothbrush was made by William Addis of Clerkenwald, England, around 1780. [PAR] The first American to patent a toothbrush was H. N. Wadsworth, (patent number 18,653,) on Nov. 7, 1857. [PAR] Mass production of toothbrushes began in America around 1885. [PAR] One of the first electric toothbrushes to hit the American market was in 1960. It was marketed by the Squibb company under the name Broxodent. [PAR] Related Web Sites [PAR] About.com - Inventors - Dental Innovations - History of Dentistry - This site discusses the history of the toothbrush and toothpaste, including the first electric toothbrush invented in 1939. [PAR] Floss.com - This site provides dental trivia and tips as well as information on the origins of toothpaste and floss. [PAR] Evolution and Analysis of the Toothbrush - Kylie W. Sembera's article, which appeared in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Mechanical Advantage (v. 10, March 2001), discusses the history of the toothbrush with diagrams comparing classic style toothbrush designs with today's styles. [PAR] History of Dentistry from the American Dental Association (ADA) - ADA provides a time line of important dentistry events and innovations. [PAR] How Products are Made: Toothbrush - Explains and details the manufacturing process of the toothbrush. Content within the website, except those explicitly noted otherwise, are Copyright by Thomson Gale. [PAR] Further Reading [PAR] Asimov, Isaac, and Carrie Dierks. Why do we need to brush our teeth? Milwaukee, G. Stevens Pub., 1993. 24 p. (Juvenile). [PAR] Elvin-Lewis, Memory and Walter H. Lewis. The use of Nature's toothbrush: the chewing stick. Research Reports - National Geographic Society, v.16, 1975: 211-231. [PAR] Giscard d'Estaing, Valerie-Anne. The second world almanac book of inventions. New York, World Almanac, 1986. 352 p. [PAR] Golden, Irwin B. Teeth for your lifetime: a complete, easy-to-read, and understandable guide to a lifetime of dental health. Upland, Calif., Counterpoint Publications, c1993. 106 p. [PAR] McGrath, Kimberley A., and Bridget Travers, eds. World of Invention. Detroit, Gale, 1999. 1043 (See especially p. 805-806 for Toothbrush and Toothpaste). [PAR] Panati, Charles. Extraordinary origins of everyday things. New York, Harper & Row, 1987: p.208-10. [PAR] Weinbeger, Bernhard Wolf. An introduction to the history of dentistry, with medical, dental, chronology & bibliographic data. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby Company, 1948. [PAR] 2 v."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Old Time Movie Queens - Their Last Photos - the DataLounge Old Time Movie Queens - Their Last Photos [PAR] Old Time Movie Queens - Their Last Photos [PAR] No longer glamorous. Old and about to die. [PAR] Hedy Lamarr. [PAR] Lucy. One month before death. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Maybe no the last, but in the last few months. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Marlene Dietrich. Dead 4 months later. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 5 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] That isn't Marlene...even though it appeared as such in magazines. This is her last photo, she still looks pretty good and like herself ( as remarked upon by Max Schell in his bio of her in which she refused to appear on camera and via audio only ). [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Garbo, still stylish at 84. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] That look on Garbo's face... she was still sexy even then. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 8 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] R8 I feel like I can truly appreciate how rare her beauty was by how she is still beautiful and fascinating to look at, at 84. Great bone structure and clear eyes. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 10 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] Bette Davis last appeared before cameras at the San Sebastian Film Festival in Spain in 1989. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 11 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] Dietrich is still recognizably Dietrich, one of a kind. If the photo of Hedy Lamarr was taken in 1991, as the wording makes it appear, she would have been 77 and looks pretty damn good, even doing her best to disguise herself. Garbo was still strikingly beautiful, though probably more so if her hair had not been worn long like that. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 13 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] Joan looks pretty good in that photo at R1. I think it was probably taken in the 60s and not so close to her death in 1977. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Wow, sad pic of Elizabeth. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 17 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] R14, that pic of Joan is labeled as being in 1976. Same with his one. Both look very retouched nonetheless. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 18 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] Bette Davis aged probably the worst out of all her contempoaries. Poor soul. I recall seeing her on interviews in the late 80s as a kid, and thinking that she bore no resemblance to the woman I watched on TV in afternoon movie double bills. She becaome almost a weird spectacle in her final days. [PAR] Joan crawford I think, was a virtual recluse the few years before her death, I think the last footage of her is a grainy video of her at some function in 1974. It's on the net. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 19 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] Wow, didn't think Joan still looked so \"Joan \" at that late date. Or even consented to being photographed. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 20 [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] I think Joan Crawford realised in the mid 70s that she was looking old and haggad, and she shunned public functions. I read that friends had to coax her out at this period, because she was too exhausted to put all the effort into glamming up anymore. Which is understandable really, she's been doing it all her life, there has to come a time when you just be yourself, for yourself! [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] I think Myrna Loy looks like herself in [r31] - she's just little old lady Myrna Loy! [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] 05/15/2016 [PAR] [QUOTE]Davis"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eco-Resort to Open on Marlon Brando's Tahitian Island ... Eco-Resort to Open on Marlon Brando's Tahitian Island | Pret-a-Reporter [PAR] Eco-Resort to Open on Marlon Brando's Tahitian Island [PAR] 10:00 AM PDT 7/26/2012 by Degen Pener [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] Marlon Brando's Island [PAR] The actor bought the island three years after shooting 1962's \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" in the South Pacific country but never returned after a family tragedy. [PAR] This story first appeared in the August 3 issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. [PAR] Beginning in late 2013, visitors to Tahiti can loll about on Marlon Brando's former private island when a luxury eco-resort called The Brando opens there. The late actor fell in love with the South Pacific country -- and his third wife, French Polynesian actress Tarita Teriipia -- after shooting 1962's Mutiny on the Bounty there. [PAR] STORY: Who in Hollywood Owns a Private Island [PAR] Three years later, he purchased a 12-island atoll called Tetiaroa 20 miles north of the main island of Tahiti that would prove to be a sanctuary for him for three decades. He and Teriipia even opened a hotel on one of the islands. But after tragedy struck in 1990 when his son Christian killed Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of Brando's daughter Cheyenne (who five years later committed suicide in Tahiti), Brando never returned to his beloved spot. [PAR] And when Brando died in 2004, his executors, who included producer Mike Medavoy, gave permission to build a hotel to a Tahitian developer, Richard Bailey, who had discussed creating an eco-sensitive resort on Tetiaroa with Brando. It's not been without controversy. When it was first announced in the mid-2000s, some friends of Brando's decried the project as something he would never have wanted. [PAR] STORY: Marlon Brando Estate Settles Lawsuit With Harley-Davidson Over 'Brando' Boots [PAR] Nonetheless, it was approved by his heirs, who sold an initial interest in the atoll to Bailey for $2 million and will profit from yearly rent and a cut of proceeds. The goal of the resort is that its energy needs be 100 percent renewable (via solar, deep ocean-water cooling and coconut oil biofuel) and that the 35 villas be set back from the beach -- not situated over the water -- in accordance with the star's wishes.[DOC] [TLE] Tetiaroa Atoll, French Polynesia - The Brando | Tahiti.com Tetiaroa Atoll, French Polynesia - The Brando | Tahiti.com [PAR] Tetiaroa [PAR] An Island Named Desire [PAR] Tetiaroa, best known as Marlon Brando's private island, is a retreat fit for royalty. Once considered a playground for the wealthy, this atoll served as a summer residence for the former chiefs and kings of Tahiti. After many years of being inaccessible to the general public, a new eco-friendly, ultra-luxurious resort, The Brando , has changed that. [PAR] The Locale [PAR] Tetiaroa is part of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. This small, secluded atoll is located 30 miles (50 kilometers) north of Tahiti and considered an extension of the Arue commune. Fittingly, the island name is a Polynesian word meaning \"stands apart\" or \"at a distance.\" The inner lagoon, which is only 4.5 miles (7 kilometers) wide, is completely enclosed and protected by 13 surrounding coral islets. [PAR] The Legacy [PAR] Marlon Brando became enamored with French Polynesia when scouting the islands for his 1962 movie, Mutiny on the Bounty. While on location, he also fell in love with his third wife, Tarita Teriipia, the Tahitian beauty who starred alongside him in the film. In an effort to keep the islands close at heart, Brando sought to purchase"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lionel Toy Train - WD4EUI A. Wooten Lionel Toy Train [PAR] Below are pictures of the freight cars that I have. [PAR] No. 6357 and No. 6457 Cabooses [PAR] The picture above shows two cabooses I had from long ago. The one on the left is a #6357 (1948-1961). The one on the right is a #6457 (1949-1952) for which I have the original box. [PAR] The 6357 caboose is fairly common and due to its long 14-year production run, it has undergone numerous variations. [PAR] The #6457 caboose was Lionel's premium SP-style caboose and is fairly easy to obtain. This caboose was included with Lionel's better train sets and included with my #2191W Outfit. [PAR] You could purchase the #6457 caboose separately in 1952 for $5 as shown on page 29 of the 1952 catalog. See below: [PAR] No. 6457 Caboose on Page 29 of 1952 Lionel Consumer Catalog [PAR] I have a Lionel No. 6427-1 Lionel Lines N5c porthole caboose (manufactured from 1954-1960. This caboose is Tuscan painted with white heat-stamped lettering including the number \"64273.\" As you can see, the caboose is illuminated and has bar-end trucks and one coupler. Note that I have the original box for this caboose. [PAR] No. 6427-1 Caboose [PAR] Lionel No. 3444 Erie Hobo and Cop Car [PAR] The picture above shows a Lionel No. 3444 Erie Hobo and Cop car (manufactured from 1957-1959). The car has a vibrator mechanism inside that drives a belt with a hobo and cop figure attached. When the control level is moved to the on position and power is applied to the track, the vibrator mechanism activates and the cop appears to be chasing the hobo around the crates in the center of the car. The car has bar-end trucks with tab couplers. [PAR] No. 3461 Automatic Lumber Car & No. 3469 Automatic Dumping Ore Car [PAR] The picture above shows 2 automatic dumping cars I have. As shown, I have the original boxes for both of these cars. The car on the left is a #3461 automatic lumber car (manufactured between 1949-55) and the one on the right is a #3469 automatic dumping ore car (manufactured between 1949-55). I have 3 logs for the log car and a Lionel #207 bag of artificial coal for the ore car. I have one Model #160 plastic bin that sits by the track to catch the contents of the cars. The cars can dump their contents only when they are on the #UCS remote-controlled (by wire) decoupling and unloading track section. [PAR] These cars were listed on page 28 of the 1952 catalog as shown below. Shown on the top left is the #UCS remote control track section. Also shown on this catalog page is the #3520 Operating Searchlight Car I have. [PAR] Nos. 3461, 3469, and 3520 Cars, and UCS Track Section on Page 28 of 1952 Lionel Consumer Catalog [PAR] No. 6462 Gondola Car & No. 6456 Hopper Car [PAR] The picture above shows a #6462 New York Central gondola car and a #6456 hopper car with the original boxes. I have wood barrels that go in the gondola car which was included with my 2191W Outfit. [PAR] The #6456 Lehigh Valley hopper car was also included with my 2191W Outfit. The #6462 NYC Gondola Car as listed on page 29 of the 1952 catalog along with the #6656 Stock Car I have as shown below. [PAR] No. 6462 Gondola Car & No. 6656 Stock Car on Page 29 of 1952 Lionel Consumer Catalog [PAR] The #6456 Lehigh Valley Hopper Car was also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wham and George Michael - 80s Music videos and MP3 ... Wham! 80s Songs and Albums | Simplyeighties.com [PAR] [PAR] WHAM! 80S SONGS AND ALBUMS [PAR] Firstly, we hope you will enjoy our playlist of official videos. There are also several pages with further info about some of the songs which are linked to underneath. [PAR] Wham! formed in 1981 and were initially named Wham! UK in the U.S. due to another band using the name Wham. Between 1982 and 1987, the band sold over 28 million records. They achieved success with six UK No.1's between 1983 and 1986. These were; \"Wake Me Up Before You Go Go\", \"Careless Whisper\", \"Freedom\", \"I'm Your Man\", \"A Different Corner\" and \"The Edge Of Heaven\". [PAR] George Michael and Andrew Ridgeley first met at Bushey Meads School in Bushey, Hertfordshire. Their first performance together was in a short-lived band called The Executive which they formed with three old school friends. After the band split, George and Andrew formed Wham! and signed to Innervision Records. [PAR] The Singles [PAR] 1984 Everything She Wants / Last Christmas #2 [PAR] 1985 I'm Your Man #1 [PAR] 1986 The Edge Of Heaven #1 [PAR] The First Top Of The Pops Performance [PAR] The band's debut single was released in June 1982. \"Wham Rap! (Enjoy What You Do)\" initially failed to chart. However, the band received an unexpected invite to perform their second single \"Young Guns (Go For It)\" on BBC Top Of The Pops when another act pulled out of the show. This proved to be a significant turning point for the band, with the song reaching #3 in the UK charts. [PAR] You may well remember the performance which featured Dee C. Lee and Shirlie Holliman as backing dancers. George wore an unbuttoned suede jacket with a turned up collar with rolled-up blue denim jeans and espadrilles. After George had danced around Ridgeley for a while, the four performed a synchronised dance routine with hand claps. It all looked so very cool at the time and the band. [PAR] Following on from this success, \"Wham Rap!\" was re-released in 1983 and this time managed to reach No.8 in the UK, No.9 in Australia and No.13 in the Irish singles chart. [PAR] Dee C. Lee left the band to work with The Style Council, with Pepsi DeMacque taking her place. [PAR] Wham! had two UK No.2 hits with \"Bad Boys\" in May 1983 and with \"Last Christmas\" in December 1984. Their other well-known hit was the camptastic \"Club Tropicana\", which reached No.4 in July 1983. [PAR] Wham's farewell album \"The Final\" was released in 1986, and reached No.2 in the UK album charts. The final single taken from the album was \"The Edge Of Heaven\" which was a UK No.1. [PAR] Overall, Wham! released three studio albums which were Fantastic (UK No.1, 1983), Make It Big (UK No.1, 1984) and The Final (UK No.2, 1986). [PAR] Music From The Edge Of Heaven (U.S. No.10, 1985), was a severely pared-down version of The Final with alternate tracks, and was released in the U.S. [PAR] If You Were There (The Best Of Wham) was released in 1997 and reached No.4 in the UK. [PAR] Of course, George Michael's musical career was far from over. His 1987 debut solo album, \"Faith\" was a massive success and has now sold over 20 million copies worldwide. [PAR] George Michael has now sold over 100 million records worldwide, and this includes 12 UK No.1 singles, 7 UK No.1 albums, 10 U.S. No.1 singles, and 1 US No.1 album. [PAR] [PAR] \"EVERYTHING"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] You'll Never Walk Alone - Last.fm - Listen to free music ... Gerry & The Pacemakers \u2014 You'll Never Walk Alone \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] liverpool fc [PAR] \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" is a show tune from the 1945 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, Carousel . [PAR] In the musical, in the second act, Nettie Fowler, the cousin of the female protagonist Julie Jordan, sings \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" to comfort and encourage Julie when her husband, Billy Bigelow, the male lead, has killed himself after a failed robbery. It is reprised in the final scene to encourage a graduation class of which Louise (their daughter) is a member\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Bloody Sunday BBC - History - Bloody Sunday [PAR] Bloody Sunday [PAR] An overview of the events of 30 January 1972 in Londonderry, Northern Ireland, using archive footage and interviews. [PAR] Bloody Sunday [PAR] On 30 January 1972, a civil rights demonstration through the streets of Londonderry in north-west Northern Ireland ended with the shooting dead of thirteen civilians by the British Army. [PAR] An official government inquiry began two weeks later but was widely considered a whitewash, leading to a fresh public inquiry in 1998 that took 12 years to report and absolved the victims of blame. [PAR] Explore the history of Bloody Sunday with over 40 years of BBC archive clips. [PAR] Photo: Demonstrators on a civil rights march through the streets of Londonderry before the shootings on Bloody Sunday [PAR] Timeline of key events: details and archive clips [PAR] 15 June 2010 [PAR] More information about: Bloody Sunday [PAR] On the morning of Sunday 30 January 1972, around ten thousand people gathered in Londonderry for a civil rights march. The British Army had sealed off the original route so the march organisers led most of the demonstrators towards 'Free Derry Corner' in the nationalist Bogside area of the city. Despite this, a number of people continued on towards an army barricade where local youths threw stones at soldiers, who responded with a water cannon, CS gas and rubber bullets. [PAR] As the riot began to disperse, soldiers of the 1st Parachute Regiment were ordered to move in and arrest as many of the rioters as possible. In the minutes that followed, some of these paratroopers opened fire on the crowd, killing thirteen men and injuring 13 others, one of whom died some months later. [PAR] Free Derry [PAR] British troops had been sent into Derry as a peacekeeping force in August 1969 and had initially been welcomed by the predominantly Catholic nationalist community as a preferable alternative to what they saw as the discrimination of the local Northern Ireland security forces. The residents of the Bogside area of the city had declared it 'Free Derry' and refused to recognise the authority of the Northern Ireland government, led by a unionist majority that drew most of its support from the Protestant community. [PAR] Opposition to policies such as detention of terrorist suspects without trial (internment) and the alleged rigging of electoral wards to favour Protestant voters (gerrymandering) had inspired a nascent civil rights movement across Northern Ireland. With support for the demands of the civil rights movement so strong among local people, Derry was an obvious choice for a mass demonstration. [PAR] The events of Bloody Sunday [PAR] About ten thousand people gathered in the Creggan area of Derry on the morning of Sunday 30 January 1972. After prolonged skirmishes between groups of local youths and the army at barricades set up to prevent the march reaching its intended destination (Guildhall Square in the heart of the city), paratroopers moved in to make arrests. During this operation, they opened fire on the crowd, killing thirteen and wounding 13 others. [PAR] The dead were all male, aged between seventeen and forty-one. Another man, aged fifty-nine, died some months later from injuries sustained on that day. The wounded included a fifteen-year-old boy and a woman. [PAR] Reaction and inquiries [PAR] While the British Army maintained that its troops had responded after coming under fire, the people of the Bogside saw it as murder. The British government was sufficiently concerned for the Home Secretary to announce the following day an official inquiry into the circumstances"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Feb. 7: First Untethered Space Walk 1984 - ABC News Feb. 7: First Untethered Space Walk 1984 - ABC News [PAR] ABC News [PAR] Feb. 7: First Untethered Space Walk 1984 [PAR] February 7, 2012 [PAR] 1965 United States Bombs North Vietnam [PAR] U.S. Secretary of Defense McNamara addressed Vietcong attacks and U.S. retaliation. [PAR] 1984 First Untethered Walk in Space [PAR] Two astronauts from NASA's Challenger space shuttle float in space untethered, with just jetpacks to guide their movement. Astronaut Bruce McCandless was the first to free fly, followed by Robert Stewart. [PAR] 1999 Jordan's King Hussein Dies [PAR] The \"architect of modern Jordan,\" King Hussein died at age 63. His son, Prince Abdullah, was sworn in as his successor. [PAR] Famous Birthdays[DOC] [TLE] Astronaut Bruce McCandless and the First-Ever Untethered ... Astronaut Bruce McCandless and the First-Ever Untethered Space Walk [PAR] SHARE [PAR] LIFE.com celebrates incredible photos of astronaut Bruce McCandless, taken by Space Shuttle Challenger's pilot, during the first \"untethered space walk\" in history. [PAR] On Feb. 7, 1984, \u201castronaut Bruce McCandless ventured further away from the confines and safety of his ship than any previous astronaut had ever been,\u201d notes the caption to the above photo on NASA.gov . \u201cThis space first was made possible by a nitrogen jet-propelled backpack, previously known at NASA as the Manned Maneuvering Unit or MMU. After a series of test maneuvers inside and above [Space Shuttle] Challenger . . . McCandless went \u2018free flying\u2019 to a distance of 320 feet away from the orbiter.\u201d [PAR] Thirty years later, the photographs of McCandless\u2019 breathtaking, first-ever untethered space walk during the fourth Challenger mission still stun. (McCandless was joined on his historic walk by Col. Robert L. Stewart , but it is the stirring photos of McCandless\u2014made by Challenger\u2018s pilot, Robert \u201cHoot\u201d Gibson\u2014that have endured.) [PAR] McCandless was a Navy aviator in the early 1960s\u2014he graduated second in the Naval Academy\u2019s class of 1958, earning a master\u2019s degree in electrical engineering\u2014and in 1966 was one of 19 fliers selected by NASA for astronaut training. He was instrumental in designing and testing the MMU jet pack, and for 18 years before the Challenger mission that would, in a sense, immortalize him, McCandless played a role in some of NASA\u2019s greatest triumphs: he was, for example, the Capsule Communicator, or CAPCOM, during the Apollo 11 mission. [PAR] Forty-five years after Apollo 11\u2019s lunar mission, it\u2019s only right that we take a minute to celebrate another astonishing, hair-raising NASA first. Namely, that moment, 15 years after Armstrong and Aldrin walked on the moon, when McCandless briefly broke free, at-once minuscule and momentous\u2014the human form sharply etched and intrepid against the limitless, indifferent void. [PAR] NASA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stormtrooper - Wookieepedia - Wikia Stormtrooper | Wookieepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015 Luke Skywalker [src] [PAR] Specialized snowtrooper armor [PAR] Stormtroopers wore a distinctive set of white armor that was used to instill fear in the Empire's subjects, while also providing the soldiers with an extended range of survival equipment and temperature controls, thus allowing them to survive in almost any environment. [1] The helmet provided skull protection, filtered air , and contained enhanced vision and communication systems. Rank was determined by a color coded pauldron worn over the left shoulder, with orange or red representing the rank of commander , black indicating an enlisted trooper, and white representing a sergeant . They also had a utility belt and a grappling hook attached to it, and primarily used the E-11 blaster rifle , however could also utilize the DLT-20A laser rifle or DLT-19 heavy blaster rifle when necessary. However, the stormtrooper armor was not without its faults. The plates made running hard and offered little protection against a direct blaster shot. [6] [28] The helmet also greatly obstructed a soldier's vision, which hindered their capacity to properly aim a blaster, regardless of prior training. [28] [PAR] By 28 ABY , stormtrooper helmets and armor were collected by individuals like the New Republic senator Ransolm Casterfo , who had an interest in Imperial \"artifacts.\" Several of Casterfo's Centrist senators including Apolin and Fatil also admired and collected Imperial uniforms and armor. In addition, Imperial armor and other artefacts also sold at markets on Chrome Citadel . [29] [PAR] Specialized stormtroopers [PAR] Edit [PAR] In addition to the \"standard\" troops, the Empire had created a number of specialized stormtrooper units assembled to operate on varied planets and climates within its territory. Scout troopers wore lighter armor and used speeder bikes to patrol the perimeter of the Imperial garrisons they were assigned to. [19] [PAR] Sniper troopers were specialists pulled from Scout trooper ranks and wielded the deadly E-11s long-range blaster . [30] Stormtrooper snipers were also pulled from standard stormtrooper ranks, and wore a blue pauldron over their shoulder and had a visor attached to their helmet, along with a black bandolier across their chest plate. [30] There were also the Imperial combat drivers who piloted many of the Imperial Army's ground vehicles. [31] [PAR] Sandtroopers wore modified armor that allowed them to survive on desert worlds such as Tatooine. [32] To deal with problems on frozen environments, the Empire utilized their cold weather assault stormtroopers , nicknamed snowtroopers, who wore a special mask and a kama that both resembled the equipment worn by the Galactic Marines on Mygeeto during the Clone Wars. [8] [1] [17] Coastal defender stormtroopers were stormtroopers trained and equipped to operate in coastal and tropical regions, such as those found on Scarif . [PAR] Death trooper armor [PAR] Phase II dark troopers wore heavy armor and were used to attack enemy defenses with assault cannons. [33] While Shadow Troopers were armed with T-21 light repeating blasters and cloaking technology along with intimidating black amour. [PAR] Similar to the Shadow Troopers, the black armored death troopers were an elite variant of troopers focusing on Imperial Intelligence and Imperial Navy . They were usually assigned to protect high ranking personnel and equipped with SE-14r light repeating blasters . [PAR] Magma troopers were equipped to operate in extremely high temperatures, and were trained to fight on volcanic worlds such as Sullust. [34] [25] Spacetroopers wore armor designed to breathe in space and were used to patrol parts of the Death Star with no air. [35]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard M. Nixon | whitehouse.gov Richard M. Nixon | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Richard M. Nixon [PAR] Richard Nixon was elected the 37th President of the United States (1969-1974) after previously serving as a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator from California. After successfully ending American fighting in Vietnam and improving international relations with the U.S.S.R. and China, he became the only President to ever resign the office, as a result of the Watergate scandal. [PAR] Reconciliation was the first goal set by President Richard M. Nixon. The Nation was painfully divided, with turbulence in the cities and war overseas. During his Presidency, Nixon succeeded in ending American fighting in Viet Nam and improving relations with the U.S.S.R. and China. But the Watergate scandal brought fresh divisions to the country and ultimately led to his resignation. [PAR] His election in 1968 had climaxed a career unusual on two counts: his early success and his comeback after being defeated for President in 1960 and for Governor of California in 1962. [PAR] Born in California in 1913, Nixon had a brilliant record at Whittier College and Duke University Law School before beginning the practice of law. In 1940, he married Patricia Ryan; they had two daughters, Patricia (Tricia) and Julie. During World War II, Nixon served as a Navy lieutenant commander in the Pacific. [PAR] On leaving the service, he was elected to Congress from his California district. In 1950, he won a Senate seat. Two years later, General Eisenhower selected Nixon, age 39, to be his running mate. [PAR] As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties in the Eisenhower Administration. Nominated for President by acclamation in 1960, he lost by a narrow margin to John F. Kennedy. In 1968, he again won his party's nomination, and went on to defeat Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and third-party candidate George C. Wallace. [PAR] His accomplishments while in office included revenue sharing, the end of the draft, new anticrime laws, and a broad environmental program. As he had promised, he appointed Justices of conservative philosophy to the Supreme Court. One of the most dramatic events of his first term occurred in 1969, when American astronauts made the first moon landing. [PAR] Some of his most acclaimed achievements came in his quest for world stability. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the U.S.S.R. His summit meetings with Russian leader Leonid I. Brezhnev produced a treaty to limit strategic nuclear weapons. In January 1973, he announced an accord with North Viet Nam to end American involvement in Indochina. In 1974, his Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, negotiated disengagement agreements between Israel and its opponents, Egypt and Syria. [PAR] In his 1972 bid for office, Nixon defeated Democratic candidate George McGovern by one of the widest margins on record. [PAR] Within a few months, his administration was embattled over the so-called \"Watergate\" scandal, stemming from a break-in at the offices of the Democratic National Committee during the 1972 campaign. The break-in was traced to officials of the Committee to Re-elect the President. A number of administration officials resigned; some were later convicted of offenses connected with efforts to cover up the affair. Nixon denied any personal involvement, but the courts forced him to yield tape recordings which indicated that he had, in fact, tried to divert the investigation. [PAR] As a result of unrelated scandals in Maryland, Vice President Spiro T. Agnew resigned in 1973. Nixon nominated, and Congress approved, House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford as Vice President. [PAR] Faced with what"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Profile on Luxor International Airport | CAPA - Centre for ... Profile on Luxor International Airport | CAPA - Centre for Aviation [PAR] TAP Portugal [PAR] Luxor International Airport serves the city of Luxor, Egypt . Luxor is a popular tourist destination, particularly for tourists travelling to the River Nile and the Valley of the Kings. The majority of traffic at Luxor is European charter traffic, but the airport is also well served by airlines from across North Africa , the Middle East and Europe . [PAR] Location of Luxor International Airport, Egypt [PAR] Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation and Google Maps [PAR] Ground Handlers and Cargo Handlers servicing Luxor International Airport [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] Fuel & Oil Suppliers servicing Luxor International Airport [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Einstein - NASA Albert Einstein [PAR] Listen to an audio version of this page. [PAR] Sorry, your browser does not support the audio element, please consider updating. [PAR] Albert Einstein [PAR] Albert Einstein did not talk until he was three years old. [PAR] Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He attended school where he learned math and science. He was also taught at home. At home he learned Judaism and violin. He taught himself how to do geometry. [PAR] Einstein felt that he would make a good math and physics teacher. In 1900, he graduated as a teacher. He had a very hard time finding a teaching job at a university. He took a temporary job as a high school teacher. That only lasted a short time. By 1902, he was working in an office that handed out patents on new inventions. He worked in the patent office for seven years. [PAR] While working in the patent office, he wrote papers about his ideas on physics topics. His ideas were new and very good. In 1909, he was able to get a job teaching at a university. He continued to write about his ideas on physics. His ideas were so good that he was given the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. [PAR] Einstein was a very good scientist. He was also a good citizen. Einstein spoke out against the country in which he was born. He did not think that Germany should be fighting in World War I. Some Germans did not like the fact that he was speaking against his homeland. There were also some Germans that did not like the fact he was a Jew. [PAR] Einstein went to the United States in 1932 to work at Princeton University. While he was in the United States, Nazis took control of Germany. Einstein spoke out against the Nazis that came to power in 1932. Once the Nazis were in control, he did not go back to Germany. He became a United States citizen in 1940. He contributed money to help the United States win World War II against Germany. [PAR] Einstein became ill in 1949. He cut back on his travels and his workload. Einstein was so highly thought of that Israel offered him the job of President in 1952. He did not take the job because of his bad health. Einstein died in 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey. [PAR] A Question"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic success: How much does a gold medal cost? - BBC News Olympic success: How much does a gold medal cost? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Olympic success: How much does a gold medal cost? [PAR] By Richard Anderson Business reporter, BBC News [PAR] 7 August 2012 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption The Great British team is on course for its best performance since the first London Olympics in 1908 [PAR] How much does an Olympic gold medal cost? With a minimum six grams of gold and a large chunk of silver, the pithy answer is about \u00a3450. [PAR] But as Britain basks in the glory of what is shaping up to be the most triumphant Olympics for Team GB in more than 100 years, it is worth reflecting for a moment on the reasons behind the success. [PAR] Talent, punishing training regimes, pride in a home games and fervent support have of course played a key part in so many record-breaking performances. [PAR] But, in the end, as cynical and unpalatable as it may sound, the main reason behind the team's overall success is cold, hard cash. [PAR] Medal bonanza [PAR] In the Atlanta Games in 1996, the British team won a grand total of one gold medal, and 15 in all. [PAR] The following year, National Lottery funding was injected directly into elite Olympic sports for the first time. [PAR] The return was instant. In the Sydney Games of 2000, the British team won 11 golds - the first time Britain won more than 10 golds since the Antwerp Games in 1920 - and 28 medals in total. [PAR] Athens in 2004 saw a similar return, the last games before the Olympic Committee awarded the 2012 games to London. [PAR] Investment in Olympic sports in the UK immediately rocketed in preparation for the country's first games since 1948, and again the return was both immediate and spectacular - the British team won 19 golds and 47 medals in total in Beijing in 2008. [PAR] This graph was correct at time of publication. The latest full Olympic medals table can be seen here. [PAR] \"When Great Britain went to Beijing, the team benefited from \u00a3235m investment in training programmes in the years running up to the Olympics - that's a fourfold increase on what was spent [in the run up to Athens],\" says Prof David Forrest, a sports economist at the University of Salford. [PAR] \"We spent an extra \u00a3165m and got 17 more medals, so that's about \u00a310m a medal.\" [PAR] 'Big impact' [PAR] This massive increase in investment in elite sports was funded in large part by the National Lottery. [PAR] \"Lottery funding in the 90s has a lot to do with [Great Britain's recent success],\" says Stefan Szymanski, professor of sports management at the University of Michigan. [PAR] \"That devotion of financial resources, particularly on building up elite teams, has had a big effect on Britain.\" [PAR] Image caption More successful sports such as cycling receive greater funding, making them even more successful [PAR] In fact, the Lottery accounts for about 60% of funding for GB's Olympic teams' preparation for the London Games. Almost 40% comes directly from the UK exchequer - in other words, directly from our pockets via taxes. [PAR] This equates to about 80p a year per UK taxpayer. About \u00a37m also comes from money raised by Team 2012, mainly through corporate sponsors. [PAR] Just how big an impact all this money has had becomes even clearer when you look at individual"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Raymond Burr, Actor, 76, Dies - Played Perry Mason and ... Raymond Burr, Actor, 76, Dies - Played Perry Mason and Ironside - NYTimes.com [PAR] Raymond Burr, Actor, 76, Dies; Played Perry Mason and Ironside [PAR] By WILLIAM GRIMES [PAR] Published: September 14, 1993 [PAR] Raymond Burr, the burly, impassive actor who played the defense lawyer Perry Mason and the police detective Robert T. Ironside on television, died on Sunday at his ranch in Dry Creek Valley, near Healdsburg, Calif. He was 76. [PAR] The cause was kidney cancer, said his doctor, Paul J. Marguglio. [PAR] Mr. Burr started his career playing Hollywood heavies, most notably in Alfred Hitchcock's film \"Rear Window.\" But he captivated television audiences with his portrayal of the Los Angeles trial lawyer Perry Mason, who won his first case in September 1957 and continued an unbroken winning streak that lasted nine seasons. [PAR] Gravelly-voiced and unrelentingly stern, with a habit of exhaling resonantly through his nostrils, Mason got to the bottom of seemingly unfathomable mysteries every week, relying on the private investigator Paul Drake (played by William Hopper) and his faithful secretary, Della Street (Barbara Hale), to defeat the hapless prosecutor Hamilton Burger (William Talman). To pull off his last-minute courtroom triumphs, Mason often broke down witnesses on the stand or produced surprise witnesses that left the prosecution's case a shambles. [PAR] One year after \"Perry Mason\" went off the air in September 1966, Mr. Burr stepped into the role of Robert Ironside, the chief of detectives for the San Francisco police department, who worked from a wheelchair after a would-be assassin's bullet left him paralyzed from the waist down. A Peripatetic Youth [PAR] Mr. Burr was born in New Westminster, British Columbia, not far from Vancouver. His father was a hardware dealer, and his mother was a pianist and music teacher. Soon after he was born, the family moved to China and lived there for five years. When Raymond was 6, his parents divorced, and his mother took him to live in a hotel that her father owned in Vallejo, Calif. He attended the San Rafael Military Academy but dropped out at 13 to help support his family in the Depression. After a year working on a cattle and sheep ranch, he returned to school, but he quit before completing junior high school. [PAR] After leaving school, he ran a weather station for the Forest Service and for a time worked in China, where his family owned property. He took extension courses, taught school, worked as a traveling salesman and wrote short stories. [PAR] Mr. Burr made his stage debut at 12 with a Vancouver stock company, and throughout his teen-age years he picked up occasional acting work. [PAR] In 1941, he made his Broadway debut in the musical \"Crazy With the Heart.\" He also appeared in \"The Duke in Darkness\" on Broadway in 1944 before entering the Navy. [PAR] Mr. Burr left the Navy in 1946 weighing nearly 350 pounds, and he immediately landed work in films as a villain. His first screen role, in \"Without Reservations\" (1946), starring John Wayne and Claudette Colbert led to steady work. In all, he appeared in 90 films. [PAR] He first made an impression in \"Pitfall\" (1948), a suspense film starring Dick Powell, and won critical praise as the district attorney who hounds Montgomery Clift in \"A Place in the Sun\" (1951) and as the murderer in \"Rear Window\" (1954). One of his most unusual credits was an appearance in the first Godzilla film as a journalist who relays an account of Godzilla's rampage. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edward J. Noble | American businessman | Britannica.com Edward J. Noble | American businessman | Britannica.com [PAR] American businessman [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in American Broadcasting Company (ABC): Origins [PAR] ...and the Blue networks. After the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) declared in 1941 that no company could own more than one radio network, NBC in 1943 sold the less-lucrative Blue Network to Edward J. Noble, the millionaire maker of Life Savers candy, who initially renamed it the American Broadcasting System before settling on the name the American Broadcasting Company, Inc. (ABC). ABC... [PAR] in radio: The development of networks and production centres [PAR] ...for a monopoly on broadcasting, and in 1941 it recommended that no single company own more than one network. As a result, NBC decided to sell its Blue network in 1943. The chain was purchased by Edward J. Noble, president of the Life Savers candy company. By 1944 it had been renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History | Classic Motown History - Classic Motown [PAR] History [PAR] Store [PAR] Berry Gordy Receives $800 Loan [PAR] Berry Gordy Jr. launches Tamla Records with an $800 loan from the Gordy family savings fund, and releases Marv Johnson\u2019s \u201cCome To Me.\u201d [PAR] Read more [PAR] Birth Of The Motortown Revue [PAR] The \u201cGordy Star Attractions Show\u201d makes its debut, featuring the Miracles, Marv Johnson and Mable John, among others. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Home Of The Hits On West Grand Blvd. [PAR] Berry Gordy buys a two-story house at 2648 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, and puts up a sign to signal his intentions: Hitsville U.S.A. [PAR] Read more [PAR] 'Bad Girl' Makes Good With Chess [PAR] The Miracles\u2019 \u201cBad Girl,\u201d written by Berry Gordy and William \u201cSmokey\u201d Robinson, is released under license to Chess Records. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Money (That's What I Want) [PAR] First released on Tamla Records, Barrett Strong\u2019s \u201cMoney (That\u2019s What I Want)\u201d is a hit when nationally distributed by Anna Records. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Mary Wells' Debut Single [PAR] \"Bye Bye Baby\" is the debut Motown single by 17-year-old Mary Wells, who wrote the song herself. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Marvin Gaye signs to Motown [PAR] After singing with the Moonglows, Marvin Gaye moves to Detroit and, through group leader Harvey Fuqua\u2019s contacts, joins Motown. [PAR] Read more [PAR] The Miracles' First National Hit [PAR] The Miracles\u2019 first national hit, \u201cShop Around\u201d is released, after Berry Gordy summons the Miracles to the studio at 3 a.m. to re-record the song. [PAR] Read more [PAR] The Supremes Sign To Motown [PAR] The Supremes sign to Motown, with their first 45 on the Tamla label, \u201cI Want A Guy,\u201d released in March. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Motown Sign Little Stevie Wonder [PAR] Berry Gordy signs Little Stevie Wonder after an impressive audition at Hitsville by the 11-year-old, playing several instruments. [PAR] Read more [PAR] The Temptations' Debut Single [PAR] \u201cOh Mother Of Mine,\u201d the Temptations\u2019 debut for Motown Records, is issued on the company\u2019s Miracle label. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Motown's First No. 1 [PAR] Motown ends the year with its first No. 1 on the pop charts: \u201cPlease Mr. Postman\u201d by the Marvelettes. [PAR] Read more [PAR] First Holland/Dozier/ Holland Teamwork [PAR] Motown issues \u201cDearest One\u201d by Lamont Dozier, his first song written with Eddie and Brian Holland. [PAR] Read more [PAR] First Top 20 Single For Gordy Label [PAR] The Gordy label gains its first Top 20 success with \u201cDo You Love Me\u201d by the Contours. [PAR] Read more [PAR] The Motortown Revue Begins [PAR] The first \u201cMotortown Revue\u201d package tour of more than two dozen cities begins in Washington, DC. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Marvin Gaye Enters The Charts [PAR] Marvin Gaye has his first Top 50 pop hit with \u201cStubborn Kind Of Fellow.\u201d [PAR] Read more [PAR] Holland/Dozier/ Holland Chart Success [PAR] The Marvelettes\u2019 \u201cLocking Up My Heart\u201d is released to become an early chart success for the Holland/Dozier/Holland team. [PAR] Read more [PAR] The Four Tops Sign To Motown [PAR] The Four Tops sign to Motown, and begin recording in Studio A at Hitsville. [PAR] Read more [PAR] The 12 Year Old Genius [PAR] Little Stevie Wonder\u2019s The 12 Year Old Genius Recorded Live is Motown\u2019s first No. 1 album, as \u201cFingertips \u2013 Pt. 2\u201d tops the Hot 100. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Motown Signs U.K. License Deal [PAR] Motown kicks off its new U.K. license deal with EMI Records with the release of Martha & the Vandellas\u2019 \u201cHeat Wave\u201d. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Motown launches Soul label"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franklin D. Roosevelt | whitehouse.gov Franklin D. Roosevelt | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Franklin D. Roosevelt [PAR] Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression as our 32nd President (1933-1945), Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. [PAR] Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. He brought hope as he promised prompt, vigorous action, and asserted in his Inaugural Address, \"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.\" [PAR] Born in 1882 at Hyde Park, New York--now a national historic site--he attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patrick's Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt. [PAR] Following the example of his fifth cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt, whom he greatly admired, Franklin D. Roosevelt entered public service through politics, but as a Democrat. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920. [PAR] In the summer of 1921, when he was 39, disaster hit-he was stricken with poliomyelitis. Demonstrating indomitable courage, he fought to regain the use of his legs, particularly through swimming. At the 1924 Democratic Convention he dramatically appeared on crutches to nominate Alfred E. Smith as \"the Happy Warrior.\" In 1928 Roosevelt became Governor of New York. [PAR] He was elected President in November 1932, to the first of four terms. By March there were 13,000,000 unemployed, and almost every bank was closed. In his first \"hundred days,\" he proposed, and Congress enacted, a sweeping program to bring recovery to business and agriculture, relief to the unemployed and to those in danger of losing farms and homes, and reform, especially through the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority. [PAR] By 1935 the Nation had achieved some measure of recovery, but businessmen and bankers were turning more and more against Roosevelt's New Deal program. They feared his experiments, were appalled because he had taken the Nation off the gold standard and allowed deficits in the budget, and disliked the concessions to labor. Roosevelt responded with a new program of reform: Social Security, heavier taxes on the wealthy, new controls over banks and public utilities, and an enormous work relief program for the unemployed. [PAR] In 1936 he was re-elected by a top-heavy margin. Feeling he was armed with a popular mandate, he sought legislation to enlarge the Supreme Court, which had been invalidating key New Deal measures. Roosevelt lost the Supreme Court battle, but a revolution in constitutional law took place. Thereafter the Government could legally regulate the economy. [PAR] Roosevelt had pledged the United States to the \"good neighbor\" policy, transforming the Monroe Doctrine from a unilateral American manifesto into arrangements for mutual action against aggressors. He also sought through neutrality legislation to keep the United States out of the war in Europe, yet at the same time to strengthen nations threatened or attacked. When France fell and England came under siege in 1940, he began to send Great Britain all possible aid short of actual military involvement. [PAR] When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt directed organization of the Nation's manpower and resources for global war. [PAR] Feeling that the future peace of the world would depend upon relations between the United States and Russia, he devoted much thought to the planning of a United Nations, in which, he hoped, international difficulties could be settled. [PAR] As the war drew to a close, Roosevelt's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE LAST OF HARRAH / Enough of Reno tycoon's car ... THE LAST OF HARRAH / Enough of Reno tycoon's car collection is left to fill a museum - SFGate [PAR] THE LAST OF HARRAH / Enough of Reno tycoon's car collection is left to fill a museum [PAR] Michael Taylor, Chronicle Auto Editor [PAR] Published 4:00 am, Sunday, February 25, 2007 [PAR] Photo: By Lance Iversen [PAR] Close [PAR] Image 1 of 4 [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_1036.JPG There are four authentic street scenes, representing each quarter of the 20th century, with facades, autos, artifacts and sounds from each era. One side of each street contains building facades and the other side a timeline of events and achievements chronicling the history and progress of the automobile. A 1938 Packard is one of the 230 cars on display at Bill Harrah\ufffds National Automobile Museum in Reno are housed in what has to be called a spectacular building just a few blocks from his famous hotel-casino Harrah\ufffds on Virginia Street in downtown Reno. AUGUST 3, 2006. RENO.By Lance Iversen/San Francisco Chronicle MANDATORY CREDIT PHOTOG AND SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE/NO SALES MAGS OUT less [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_1036.JPG There are four authentic street scenes, representing each quarter of the 20th century, with facades, autos, artifacts and sounds from each era. One side of each street contains building ... more [PAR] Photo: By Lance Iversen [PAR] Image 2 of 4 [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_0992.JPG A 1914 Mercer 450 race Car powered by a 4-cylinder T-head 150hp engine is one of the 230 cars on display at Bill Harrah\ufffds National Automobile Museum in Reno. The museum is housed in what has to be called a spectacular building just a few blocks from his famous hotel-casino Harrah\ufffds on Virginia Street in downtown Reno. AUGUST 3, 2006.RENO. By Lance Iversen/San Francisco Chronicle MANDATORY CREDIT PHOTOG AND SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE/NO SALES MAGS OUT less [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_0992.JPG A 1914 Mercer 450 race Car powered by a 4-cylinder T-head 150hp engine is one of the 230 cars on display at Bill Harrah\ufffds National Automobile Museum in Reno. The museum is housed in ... more [PAR] Photo: By Lance Iversen [PAR] Image 3 of 4 [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_1039 There are four authentic street scenes, representing each quarter of the 20th century, with facades, autos, artifacts and sounds from each era. One side of each street contains building facades and the other side a timeline of events and achievements chronicling the history and progress of the automobile. A jeep Wagoner powered by a Ferrari engine is one of the 230 cars on display at Bill Harrah\ufffds National Automobile Museum in Reno are housed in what has to be called a spectacular building just a few blocks from his famous hotel-casino Harrah\ufffds on Virginia Street in downtown Reno. AUGUST 3, 2006. RENO. By Lance Iversen/San Francisco Chronicle less [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_1039 There are four authentic street scenes, representing each quarter of the 20th century, with facades, autos, artifacts and sounds from each era. One side of each street contains building ... more [PAR] Photo: Lance Iversen [PAR] Image 4 of 4 [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_0989.JPG A visitor to the Bill Harrah\ufffds National Automobile Museum in Reno takes a photograph of a 1908 Franklin powered by a 16HP air-cooled 4-cylinder engine. 230 cars are housed in what has to be called a spectacular building just a few blocks from his famous hotel-casino Harrah\ufffds on Virginia Street in downtown Reno. AUGUST 3, 2006. RENO.By Lance Iversen/San Francisco Chronicle MANDATORY CREDIT PHOTOG AND SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE/NO SALES MAGS OUT less [PAR] MOTORXXMUSIUM_0989.JPG A visitor to the Bill Harrah\ufffds National Automobile Museum in Reno takes a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GeneAutry.com: Gene Autry: Champion, World's Wonder Horse GeneAutry.com: Gene Autry: Champion, World's Wonder Horse [PAR] Champion, World's [PAR] Wonder Horse [PAR] Champion appeared with Gene Autry as his partner and sidekick throughout their legendary career in film, radio, and television. [PAR] Original Champion in Home on the Prairie, 1939 [PAR] There were three \"official\" Champions that performed in Autry films and several specialized Champions, such as Little Champ, Lindy Champion, Touring Champion, and Champion Three. Other horses, for which we have no documentation at this time, served as doubles for movie stunts and personal appearances. The Original Champion was sorrel-colored, had a blaze down his face and white stockings on all his legs except the right front. His first onscreen credit was for 1935's Melody Trail. He died while Gene was in the service. [PAR] Champion Jr., c. 1950 [PAR] Gene's second screen horse was Champion Jr., a lighter sorrel with four stockings and a narrow blaze, who appeared in films until 1950. While onscreen with Republic, Champion Jr. was billed as \"Wonder Horse of the West,\" and at Columbia, he was known as \"World's Wonder Horse.\" The third screen horse, Television Champion, costarred in Gene's last films and also appeared on television in The Gene Autry Show and The Adventures of Champion during the fifties. Also a light sorrel with four white stockings, he resembled Champion Jr. but had a thick blaze. In the late forties, Little Champ joined Gene's stable. A well-trained trick pony, this blaze-faced sorrel with four stockings appeared in three of Gene's films and made personal appearances. [PAR] Rushing from a movie set in Hollywood to his annual appearance at Madison Square Garden for the World's Championship Rodeo in 1940, Lindy Champion made aviation history as the first horse to fly from California to New York. Gene used Lindy, a sorrel with four white stockings and an oval-topped blaze, for personal appearances. [PAR] Touring Champion on parade, [PAR] c. 1953 [PAR] Touring Champion and Champion Three were also personal appearance horses. A darker sorrel with four white stockings and a medium-wide blaze, Touring Champion appeared at rodeos and stage shows in the late forties and fifties and has his hoof prints next to Gene's handprints at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood. Champion Three appeared with Gene on the road from the late fifties until 1960, when the sorrel with four white stockings and a crooked blaze retired happily to Gene's Melody Ranch in Newhall, California, where he died in 1990. [PAR] Touring Champion taking tea [PAR] at London's Savoy Hotel, 1953 [PAR] Collectively, the Champions performed the world's largest repertory of horse tricks, including dancing the hula and the Charleston, jumping through a ring of fire, and playing dead. Greeting crowds from Brownwood, Texas, to Dublin, Ireland, Touring Champion even enjoyed a proper high tea at the Savoy in London. [PAR] Always popular, Champion received thousands of fan letters each month, proving that the World's Wonder Horse was an important element in the Singing Cowboy's success. [PAR] Throughout their careers, Gene Autry and Champion were featured in dime novels, children's stories, and comic books. Champion even received equal billing with Gene above the leading ladies on movie posters and lobby cards promoting Autry films. [PAR] If you'd like to know more about Champion and horses in the movies, we recommend the book Hollywood Hoofbeats: Trails Blazed Across the Silver Screen by Petrine Day Mitchum with Audrey Pavia. For details, read here . [PAR] You'll also find information on Champion and Gene's movies and television shows in the book Gene Autry Westerns by Boyd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pittsburgh Spectator Sports | Steelers, Pirates & Penguins Pittsburgh Spectator Sports | Steelers, Pirates & Penguins [PAR] Newsletter Signup [PAR] Spectator Sports [PAR] Pittsburgh is the place for sports fans! Come see for yourself why Sporting News magazine awarded Pittsburgh the coveted \"Best Sports City\" title and why the USA TODAY 10Best Reader's Choice poll named Pittsburgh as one of the winner's of the \"Best City for Sports\" travel award. [PAR] If it's action you want, this city has it covered with the best of football, baseball, hockey and more. Grab your Terrible Towel and visit Heinz field to watch the six-time Super Bowl Champion Pittsburgh Steelers. Head to PPG Paints Arena and join in all the excitement when the Penguins take the ice. The Pirates make a perfect summer night complete as you watch the game from PNC Park, rated by Travel & Leisure as the \"best baseball stadium in America!\" [PAR] Sports Teams [PAR] Pittsburgh Steelers [PAR] Pittsburgh is officially \"Sixburgh\" as the Steelers became the first team in NFL history to win six Super Bowl titles! The Steelers Nation spreads far and wide, so grab your Terrible Towel and come celebrate where it all originates: the Home of the World Champion Pittsburgh Steelers. Here we go! [PAR] Pittsburgh Pirates at PNC Park [PAR] Thanks to the Pittsburgh Pirates for bringing the excitement of a winning season back to the 'Burgh for a second year in a row! The Bucs made postseason play for the second time since 1992, a trend that's sure to continue! Raise the Jolly Roger at PNC Park, hailed as one of the best ballparks in the country. Let's Go Bucs! [PAR] Pittsburgh Penguins [PAR] The ice might be cold, but the Pittsburgh Penguins are HOT! When the four-time Stanley Cup champions take the ice at PPG Paints Arena it's \"A Great Day for Hockey.\" Tickets sell out fast, so don't be left out of the action! [PAR] Other Sports Attractions [PAR] Heinz History Center-Western Pennsylvania Sports Museum [PAR] The Western Pennsylvania Sports Museum, a state-of-the-art museum at the Senator John Heinz History Center, features a stunning collection of one-of-a-kind sports artifacts and interactive exhibits that celebrate the rich tradition of sports in our region. When it comes to sports pride and sports history, no other region in the world is like western Pennsylvania.[DOC] [TLE] Steelers aren't going anywhere in Pittsburgh's hierarchy ... Steelers aren't going anywhere in Pittsburgh's hierarchy of sports teams - Behind the Steel Curtain [PAR] Behind the Steel Curtain [PAR] Rec [PAR] Diversity is what makes Pittsburgh such a magical place. [PAR] The diversity of the people that make up the area. The unique dynamic of hills, rivers and inclines. The history of a city once known for being industrial that is now home to one of the strongest medical facilities in the world. The tradition of a steel town that has been revitalized as of late by renovation and an influx of youth moving downtown. [PAR] There's also diversity in our sports teams, as Pittsburgh has three teams to cheer for in the Pirates, Penguins and Steelers . There wasn't much diversity in terms of cheering for a team in the city's primitive years, as the Pirates were the first franchise to be born back in 1887. And for nearly 100 years, the city's sports fans identified themselves with the Pirates, who rewarded them with memorable seasons and World Series victories. Before the Steelers were even a glint in Art Rooney's eyes, the Pirates had World Series victories under their belts and had just played the historic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American-Indian Wars - Native American History - HISTORY.com American-Indian Wars - Native American History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] American-Indian Wars [PAR] Warfare between Europeans and Indians was common in the seventeenth century. In 1622, the Powhatan Confederacy nearly wiped out the struggling Jamestown colony. Frustrated at the continuing conflicts, Nathaniel Bacon and a group of vigilantes destroyed the Pamunkey Indians before leading an unsuccessful revolt against colonial authorities in 1676. Intermittent warfare also plagued early Dutch colonies in New York . In New England, Puritan forces annihilated the Pequots in 1636-1637, a campaign whose intensity seemed to foreshadow the future. Subsequent attacks inspired by Metacom (King Philip) against English settlements sparked a concerted response from the New England Confederation. Employing Indian auxiliaries and a scorched-earth policy, the colonists nearly exterminated the Narragansetts, Wampanoags, and Nipmucks in 1675-1676. A major Pueblo revolt also threatened Spanish-held New Mexico in 1680. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] On November 29, 1864, one of the most infamous events of the American-Indian wars occured when 650 Colorado volunteer forces attacked a Cheyenne and Arapho encampent along Sand Creek. Although they had already begun topeace negotiationswith the U.S. government, more than 150 Native Americans were killed and mutilated, more than 2/3 of which were women and children. [PAR] Indians were also a key factor in the imperial rivalries among France, Spain, and England. In King William\u2019s (1689-1697), Queen Anne\u2019s (1702-1713), and King George\u2019s (1744-1748) wars, the French sponsored Abnaki and Mohawk raids against the more numerous English. Meanwhile, the English and their trading partners, the Chickasaws and often the Cherokees, battled the French and associated tribes for control of the lower Mississippi River valley and the Spanish in western Florida . More decisive was the French and Indian War (1754-1763). The French and their Indian allies dominated the conflict\u2019s early stages, turning back several English columns in the north. Particularly serious was the near-annihilation of Gen. Edward Braddock\u2019s force of thirteen hundred men outside of Fort Duquesne in 1755. But with English minister William Pitt infusing new life into the war effort, British regulars and provincial militias overwhelmed the French and absorbed all of Canada. [PAR] But eighteenth-century conflicts were not limited to the European wars for empire. In Virginia and the Carolinas, English-speaking colonists pushed aside the Tuscaroras, the Yamasees, and the Cherokees. The Natchez, Chick asaw, and Fox Indians resisted French domination, and the Apaches and Comanches fought against Spanish expansion into Texas . In 1763, an Ottawa chief, Pontiac, forged a powerful confederation against British expansion into the Old Northwest. Although his raids wreaked havoc upon the surrounding white settlements, the British victory in the French and Indian War combined with the Proclamation of 1763 , which forbade settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, soon eroded Pontiac\u2019s support. [PAR] Most of the Indians east of the Mississippi River now perceived the colonial pioneers as a greater threat than the British government. Thus northern tribes, especially those influenced by Mohawk chief Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant), generally sided with the Crown during the American War for Independence. In 1777, they joined the Tories and the British in the unsuccessful offensives of John Burgoyne and Barry St. Leger in upstate New York. Western Pennsylvania and New York became savage battlegrounds as the conflict spread to the Wyoming and Cherry valleys. Strong American forces finally penetrated the heart of Iroquois territory, leaving a wide swath of destruction in their wake. [PAR] In the Midwest, George Rogers Clark captured strategic Vincennes for the Americans, but British agents based at Detroit continued to sponsor Tory and Indian forays"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Drummer Bill Berry is Back on His Feet and R.E.M. is Back ... Drummer Bill Berry is Back on His Feet and R.E.M. is Back on the Road - SFGate [PAR] Drummer Bill Berry is Back on His Feet and R.E.M. is Back on the Road [PAR] GINA ARNOLD, CHRONICLE CORRESPONDENT [PAR] Published 4:00 am, Sunday, May 14, 1995 [PAR] 1995-05-14 04:00:00 PDT Seattle -- It's Saturday night, and the Posies are playing a gig at the Crocodile Club . The Croc has been known to host some ultra- cool clientele, and this evening is no exception: Milling in the crowd is R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck . Buck is a Posies fan, but he's here tonight in another role: husband of Crocodile owner Stephanie Dorgan , waiting for his wife to get off work. [PAR] Buck isn't supposed to be here tonight -- and not just because this is a tiny club full of rock fans and he happens to be part of one of the world's most popular bands. If things had gone according to schedule, Buck would have been on a stage this evening, playing with R.E.M. in a huge arena in Europe. But on March 1, drummer Bill Berry was taken ill onstage in Lausanne, Switzerland, with what later turned out to be a a ruptured aneurysm in his brain, cutting short one of 1995's most anticipated rock tours -- and leaving Buck temporarily free from the rigors of world touring. [PAR] Berry underwent surgery in Zurich on March 2 and soon after was pronounced out of danger . But for a few weeks, the fate of R.E.M. hung uncomfortably in the balance. Would the band go on with a substitute for Berry? Give up touring ? Rock fans all over the world -- particularly in the Bay Area, where tickets to the band's May concerts at Shoreline Amphitheatre had long since sold out -- held their breath. [PAR] Eventually, R.E.M. canceled all of its European dates and the first two weeks of its U.S. dates. But the Bay Area got lucky. The band will open its U.S. tour tomorrow at Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View. (The second show is Tuesday and a third has been added Wednesday.) [PAR] Meanwhile, Buck has been kicking around Seattle, the city he relocated to several years ago, checking out bands such as the Posies and rehearsing with his band mates until it's time to go on the road again. [PAR] It is \"not a problem\" trying to regain the emotional momentum that fueled the earlier part of the tour, Buck says in a telephone interview. \"At this point,\" he says, \"having it all taken away and kind of assuming that we may never do it again . . . I'm not having any trouble getting up for it again because its like, 'Thank God I've been given this precious gift back that I thought I wasn't going to have back.\" [PAR] Buck's fears of the party being over were well-founded after the terrifying night that Berry became ill. Stopping a concert in the middle of a set is almost unprecedented. \"(Bill's onstage collapse) really worried me,\" says Buck, \"because we've all gone onstage with amazing injuries. I've had broken bones in my hands and my feet, or been so sore from a muscle pull, I couldn't bend over. I remember playing the Keystone in Berkeley once and I got food poisoning . . . and I had to have a bucket behind my amp, which I resorted to every third song! So for Bill to go off, was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celebrities In Uniform - portcall24.com Celebrities In Uniform [PAR] Led men at D-Day invasion; played Scotty on Star Trek [PAR] Melvin [PAR] Army [PAR] World War I and World War II [PAR] Actor of many movies, At the age of seventeen Douglas joined the army and served at Fort D. A. Russell in Cheyenne, Wyoming, in a venereal disease ward. [PAR] strong supporter of entering World War II (1941-45) and appointed head of the Office of Civilian Defense Arts Council in February 1942. The office organized artists' talents in support of the war effort. In December of that year Douglas enlisted in the army as a senior recruit and in 1943 was assigned to serve in India, where he entertained troops who were opening supply lines to China. [PAR] Kirk [PAR] Captain/Silver Star, British Distinguished Service Cross, French Legion of Honor [PAR] Bob [PAR] U.S. Navy [PAR] World War II [PAR] Baseball pitcher who volunteered day after Pearl Harbor and served four years. Nicknamed \"The Heater from Van Meter,\" \"Bullet Bob,\" and \"Rapid Robert,\" was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He became the first pitcher to win at least twenty games in a season before the age of 21, threw three no-hitters and twelve one-hitters, [PAR] Eddie [PAR] U.S. Army [PAR] World War II [PAR] Drafted served a year in Korea. From 1952 to 1953, official vocal soloist for The United States Army Band (Pershing's Own) and a tenor section member in the United States Army Band Chorus (an element of Pershing's Own) assigned at Fort Myer in the Washington, D.C. Military District. Also made occasional guest television appearances, in uniform, introduced as \"Pfc Eddie Fisher; Entertainer, singer & husband to Elizabeth Taylor, Debbie Reynolds and Connie Stevens. [PAR] Eric [PAR] Merchant Marines & US Navy [PAR] World War II [PAR] Played Gil Favor on Rawhide, died on location making film in Peru. First Merchant Marines and then served in Pacific. Master Carpenter in SeaBees, received severe facial injuries in an accident in Navy underwent extensive plastic surgery. [PAR] Henry [PAR] 1st Draftee from OK, Wounded in Action [PAR] Art [PAR] U.S. Navy [PAR] World War II [PAR] Was fighter-director officer aboard aircraft carrier in the Pacific Ocean; His announcing voice became a part of many classic radio programs including George Gobel Show, The Red Skelton Show, An Evening with Fred Astaire and many others, narrated 156 episodes of Highway Patrol [PAR] George [PAR] Army Air Corps [PAR] World War II [PAR] Comedian, enlisted and served as a flight instructor in AT-9 aircraft at Altus, OK and later in B-26 Marauder bombers at Frederick, OK. [PAR] Donald Edward [PAR] Army Air Corps [PAR] World War II [PAR] Invented SpaghettiOs at Franco-American Foods, served in the U.S. Army Air Force during World War II [PAR] Carl [PAR] USAF [PAR] Korean War [PAR] Aircraft mechanic; film, on stage and television as a character actor most notable role was on the 1991\u20131994 Fox series Roc [PAR] Frank [PAR] U.S. Army [PAR] Korean War [PAR] Actor & Comedian, Film, TV and Broadway: Riddler on Batman TV, . In 1953, Gorshin was drafted into the United States Army and was posted in Korea mostly entertained troops. [PAR] Harold [PAR] U.S. Army [PAR] World War II [PAR] Enlisted & saw combat in France in a mortar company. Developed trenchfoot, sent to England to recover then served in a rail transport unit in France; Played Martin Morgenstern in 1970s Rhoda and The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Miles Webber in The Golden Girls. Gould acted in over 300 TV shows, 20 films, and 100"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blood, Sweat & Tears -- Biography, Music and History Chicago Songs, History, and Biography [PAR] Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? [PAR] If You Leave Me Now [PAR] Old Days [PAR] Hard Habit to Break [PAR] Where you might have heard them Their early '70s rock hits remain staples on classic rock radio; ditto for their late '70s and early '80s ballads on adult contemporary playlists. Occasionally, however, Chicago's catalog interacts with other realms of entertainment, like the highly ironic use of \"If You Leave Me Now\" in the classic Gulf War film Three Kings and the zombie spoof Shaun of the Dead, or \"Saturday in the Park\" being featured in an episode of \"The Sopranos,\" or \"Old Days\" popping up in the films This is 40 and Starsky & Hutch. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 5 Urban Myths That Rule the Ages [PAR] Formed 1967 (Chicago, IL) [PAR] Styles Jazz-rock, Pop-rock, Classic Rock, Soft-rock, Adult Contemporary, Prog-rock [PAR] Claims to fame: [PAR] Did more than any other group to create a commercial fusion of jazz, classical, pop, and rock [PAR] Their signature sound was the result of several multi-talented singers, songwriters and musicians [PAR] A socially aware rock band whose lyrical activist sensibilities lasted longer than most [PAR] Lead guitarist Terry Kath, who died tragically young, is considered one of the most underrated rock guitarists of the era [PAR] Survived a series of setbacks to re-emerge in the '80s as a successful soft-rock group [PAR] The classic Chicago lineup: [PAR] Robert Lamm (born October 13, 1944, Brooklyn, NY): lead and backing vocals, piano, organ, guitar [PAR] Peter Cetera (born September 13, 1944, Chicago, IL): lead and backing vocals, bass, guitar [PAR] Terry Kath (born January 31, 1946, Chicago, IL; died January 23, 1978, Woodland Hills, CA): lead and backing vocals, lead guitar, bass [PAR] Lee Loughnane (born October 21, 1946, Chicago, IL): trumpet, flugelhorn, guitar, percussion, lead and backing vocals [PAR] James Pankow (born August 20, 1947, St. Louis, MO): trombone, keyboards, percussion, lead and backing vocals [PAR] Walter Parazaider (born March 14, 1945, Chicago, IL): alto and tenor saxophones, flute, clarinet, backing vocals [PAR] Danny Seraphine (born August 28, 1948, Chicago, IL) drums, percussion, keyboards [PAR] The History of Chicago [PAR] Early years [PAR] Anyone even casually familiar with the band Chicago won't be surprised to learn they were a bunch of guys from the Windy City who took up their instruments at an early age, learning jazz and classical music before being seduced by the money (and women) available to rock and soul party bands. In fact, the members of Chicago, all but two of whom were born and raised in the city or its suburbs, formed the band that was to be their legacy after meeting at the city's famed DePaul University. Walter Parazaider, a classically trained clarinetist who had discovered the joys of the saxophone, was heading up a local rock band called the Missing Links, which at times included Terry Kath, Lee Loughnane and Danny Seraphine. Embolded by the Beatles' recent use of horn sections on songs like \"Got to Get You Into My Life,\" Parazaider began to merge his two loves, expanding the band into a large jazz-rock outfit; Fellow student James Pankow soon joined, then organist and vocalist Robert Lamm, recruited from another local group. As Kath moved from bass to guitar, and with a tenor needed to complete the group's harmony, Peter Cetera was invited to join. Due to the unconventional nature of both their size and scope, they went by the name The Big"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] West Side Story-I Feel Pretty - YouTube West Side Story-I Feel Pretty - YouTube [PAR] West Side Story-I Feel Pretty [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 7, 2007 [PAR] A fun number from West Side Story. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] I Feel Pretty, song (from \"West\u2026 | Details | AllMusic I Feel Pretty, song (from \"West\u2026 | Details | AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] Description by Robert Cummings [PAR] West Side Story, Leonard Bernstein 's 1957 Broadway hit, features songs that generally fall into two categories -- those dealing with romance (\"Maria,\" \"Tonight,\" \"Somewhere,\" etc.) and those of a humorous or sassy character (\"Jet Song,\" \"America,\" \"Cool,\" \"Gee Officer Krupke,\" etc.). But \"I Feel Pretty\" is the one song whose Richard Rodgers -like gaiety and elegance place it in a different category, making it seem almost out of place in this ultimately tragic musical, an updated take on Romeo and Juliet. In the story Maria, swept away in her love for Tony but unaware he has just killed her brother, sings it in the bridal shop where she works. [PAR] \"I Feel Pretty\" features one of Bernstein 's more memorable melodies: its first four notes, deliciously rhythmic in their rising contour, repeat, then are reduced to three, then to two. This forms the core of the theme and the rest is brilliantly imagined as well. Bernstein 's instrumentation colors the music with a Latin character (note the recurring rhythmic motif for brass) and so does the girls' chorus that enters midway through. Stephen Sondheim 's lyrics deftly capture Maria's bliss and newfound sense of confidence, while expressing the sass and sarcasm of her coworkers (\"Have you met my good friend Maria, the craziest girl on the block?\"). All in all, this song must be counted among the plentiful gems from West Side Story. [PAR] Appears On"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Made-In-China Jetliner Makes Debut Commercial Flight First Made-In-China Jetliner Makes Debut Commercial Flight [PAR] First Made-In-China Jetliner Makes Debut Commercial Flight [PAR] World | Associated Press | Updated: June 28, 2016 14:52 IST [PAR] EMAIL [PAR] PRINT [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] People wave Chinese flags as an ARJ21-700, China's first domestically produced regional jet, arrives at Shanghai Hongqiao Airport after making its first flight from Chengdu to Shanghai on June 28, 2016. (AFP Photo) [PAR] Shanghai: The first regional jet produced in China's initiative to compete in the commercial aircraft market made its debut flight today carrying 70 passengers. [PAR] The ARJ21-700 jet is one of a series of initiatives launched by the ruling Communist Party to transform China from the world's low-cost factory into a creator of profitable technology in aviation, clean energy and other fields. [PAR] [PAR] An ARJ21-700, China's first domestically produced regional jet, arrives at Shanghai Hongqiao Airport after making its first fight from Chengdu to Shanghai on June 28, 2016. (AFP Photo) [PAR] The plane operated by Chengdu Airlines took its passengers from the western city of Chengdu to Shanghai in two hours. [PAR] China is one of the biggest aviation markets but relies on foreign-made aircraft. Beijing wants to capture more of those sales. Its major airlines are state-owned, which gives the ruling party a captive pool of potential customers that can be ordered to buy Chinese-made aircraft. [PAR] The ARJ21 - or Asian Regional Jet for the 21st Century - is intended to make its state-owned manufacturer, Commercial Aircraft Corp. of China, a competitor to Bombardier Inc. of Canada and Brazil's Embraer SA. [PAR] \"The first flight of the ARJ21 marks the beginning of commercial, or passenger, operations for the ARJ21 and signifies the first time a domestically made regional jet has been used by a Chinese airline,\" said the COMAC chairman, Jin Zhuanglong. [PAR] [PAR] An ARJ21-700, China's first domestically produced regional jet, arrives at Shanghai Hongqiao Airport after making its first flight from Chengdu to Shanghai on June 28, 2016. (AFP Photo) [PAR] The ARJ21 initiative was launched in 2002. It was scheduled to deliver its first plane in 2007 but that was pushed back due to technical problems. [PAR] A full-size jetliner under development by another state-owned company, the C919, is aimed at competing with Boeing Co. and Airbus. After delays blamed on manufacturing problems, the C919 is due to fly this year and enter service in about 2019. [PAR] Boeing forecasts China's total demand for civilian jetliners over the next two decades at 5,580 planes worth a total of $780 billion."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"James Caan\" IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"James Caan\" [PAR] Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"James Caan\" [PAR] 1-50 of 54 names. [PAR] James Caan [PAR] A masculine and enigmatic actor whose life and movie career have had more ups and downs than the average rollercoaster and whose selection of roles has arguably derailed him from achieving true superstar status, James Caan is New York-born and bred. [PAR] He was born in the Bronx, to Sophie (Falkenstein) and Arthur Caan, Jewish immigrants from Germany. His father was a meat dealer and butcher. The athletically gifted Caan played football at Michigan State University while studying economics, holds a black belt in karate and for several years was even a regular on the rodeo circuit, where he was nicknamed \"The Jewish Cowboy\". However, while studying at Hofstra University, he became intrigued by acting and was interviewed and accepted at Sanford Meisner 's Neighborhood Playhouse. He then won a scholarship to study under acting coach Wynn Handman and began to appear in several off-Broadway productions, including \"I Roam\" and \"Mandingo\". [PAR] He made his screen debut as a sailor in Irma la Douce and began to impress audiences with his work in Red Line 7000 and the western El Dorado alongside John Wayne and Robert Mitchum . Further work followed in Journey to Shiloh and in the sensitive The Rain People . However, audiences were moved to tears as he put in a heart-rending performance as cancer-stricken Chicago Bears running back Brian Piccolo in the highly rated made-for-TV film Brian's Song . [PAR] With these strong performances under his belt, Francis Ford Coppola then cast him as hot-tempered gangster Santino \"Sonny\" Corleone in the Mafia epic The Godfather . The film was an enormous success, Caan scored a Best Supporting Actor nomination and, in the years since, the role has proven to be the one most fondly remembered by his legion of fans. He reprised the role for several flashback scenes in the sequel The Godfather: Part II and then moved on to several very diverse projects. These included a cop-buddy crime partnership with Alan Arkin in the uneven Freebie and the Bean , a superb performance as a man playing for his life in The Gambler alongside Lauren Hutton , and pairing with Barbra Streisand in Funny Lady . Two further strong lead roles came up for him in 1975, first as futuristic sports star \"Jonathon E\" questioning the moral fiber of a sterile society in Rollerball and teaming up with Robert Duvall in the Sam Peckinpah spy thriller The Killer Elite . [PAR] Unfortunately, Caan's rising star sputtered badly at this stage of his career, and several film projects failed to find fire with either critics or audiences. These included such failures as the hokey Harry and Walter Go to New York , the quasi-western Comes a Horseman and the saccharine Chapter Two . However, he did score again with the stylish Michael Mann -directed heist movie Thief . He followed this with a supernatural romantic comedy titled Kiss Me Goodbye and then, due to personal conflicts, dropped out of the spotlight for several years before returning with a stellar performance under old friend Francis Ford Coppola in the moving Gardens of Stone . [PAR] Caan appeared back in favor with fans and critics alike and raised his visibility with the sci-fi hit Alien Nation and Dick Tracy , then surprised everyone by playing a meek romance novelist held captive after a car accident by a deranged fan in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deepwater Contract Off Norway Extended - Hydro International Deepwater Contract Off Norway Extended [PAR] Deepwater Contract Off Norway Extended [PAR] News [PAR] Deepwater Contract Off Norway Extended - 30/06/2009 [PAR] Metocean Services International (Pty) Ltd (MSI) has received a one year extension to the deep water current measurement programme north of Trondheim (Norway) in the Luva field for StatoilHydro. The Luva field is located about 240 kilometres west of Bod\u00f8 and the licence was awarded in 1996. The water depth in the area is around 1,300m and the reservoir is 2,800 metres beneath the seabed. Recoverable reserves in the field are estimated at some 38 billion cubic metres of gas. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The mooring, which extends from seabed to about 50m below the surface, was deployed in August 2008 and comprises a TRDI 300kHz ADCP, 14 Nortek Aquadopp current meters and 15 RBR Ltd XR420 CTD loggers. During the initial period of this deployment, an excellent data return has been achieved. [PAR] [PAR] The measurement programme was initially planned for 1 year with service visits at 2 monthly intervals. As a result of the extension the service interval has been extended to 3 months and the offshore operations will be conducted from the MV Ocean Prince. [PAR] [PAR] This extension again emphasises that MSI can undertake projects in all reaches of the world from their bases in South Africa and Australia. Since its formation nearly 6 years ago, MSI has successfully undertaken projects in over 20 countries and this number continues to grow. Formed in 2003, MSI provides the entire range of oceanographic and meteorological services internationally to the oil and gas industry, coastal engineers, dredging companies and port authorities.[DOC] [TLE] NORPORT AS - Trondheim, Norway - Company Info | SaleSpider NORPORT AS - KONGENSGATE 30 Trondheim, Norway [PAR] NORPORT AS [PAR] View Competitors [PAR] About NORPORT AS [PAR] NORPORT AS in Trondheim is a company that specializes in Eating Places. Our records show it was established in Norway. [PAR] Company Address"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camp David Accords - State Milestones: 1977\u20131980 - Office of the Historian [PAR] Milestones: 1977\u20131980 [PAR] Camp David Accords and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process [PAR] The Camp David Accords, signed by President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in September 1978, established a framework for a historic peace treaty concluded between Israel and Egypt in March 1979. President Carter and the U.S. Government played leading roles in creating the opportunity for this agreement to occur. From the start of his administration, Carter and his Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance, pursued intensive negotiations with Arab and Israeli leaders, hoping to reconvene the Geneva Conference, which had been established in December 1973 to seek an end to the Arab-Israeli dispute. [PAR] President Jimmy Carter with Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Camp David, Maryland in September 1978. (Jimmy Carter Library) [PAR] As Carter and Vance met with individual leaders from Arab countries and Israel during the spring of 1977, negotiations for a return to Geneva appeared to gain some momentum. On May 17, 1977, an Israeli election upset stunned the Carter administration as the moderate Israeli Labor Party lost for the first time in Israel\u2019s history. Menachem Begin, the leader of the conservative Likud Party and the new Israeli Prime Minister, appeared intractable on the issue of exchanging land for peace. His party\u2019s commitment to \u201cgreater Israel\u201d left Carter with an even more challenging situation during the summer of 1977. [PAR] In addition to the new reality of a Likud government in Israel, long-standing rivalries among Arab leaders also played a role in blocking substantive progress in negotiations for a Geneva conference. By early November, Egyptian President Sadat found himself frustrated by the lack of movement and made a dramatic move, announcing on November 9 that he would be willing to go to Jerusalem. This move stunned the world. Sadat would attempt to break the deadlock and to engage the Israelis directly for a Middle East settlement, eschewing any talk of returning to the Geneva Conference. Sadat\u2019s visit led to direct talks between Egypt and Israel that December, but these talks did not generate substantive progress. By January 1978, the United States returned to a more prominent negotiation role. [PAR] During the spring and early summer of 1978, the United States attempted to find common ground with regard to Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai, West Bank, and Gaza. Egypt insisted on an Israeli withdrawal to June 4, 1967 borders in exchange for security arrangements and minor border modifications. Israel rejected Egypt\u2019s insistence on withdrawal, especially from the West Bank and Gaza. It argued instead for some form of Palestinian autonomy during a five-year interim period followed by the possibility of sovereignty after the interim period expired. The impasse over the West Bank and Gaza led Carter to intercede directly in an attempt to resolve the deadlock. [PAR] By July 30, as Sadat expressed disappointment over the progress of negotiations and a desire to cut direct contacts off with the Israelis, Carter decided to call for a summit meeting. This meeting would bring Sadat, Begin, and Carter together at the presidential retreat in Maryland at Camp David. On August 8, the White House spokesman formally announced the meeting, which both Begin and Sadat agreed to attend in September. [PAR] The Camp David Summit, held from September 5\u201317, 1978, was a pivotal moment both in the history of the Arab-Israeli dispute and U.S. diplomacy. Rarely had a U.S. President devoted as much sustained attention to a single foreign policy issue as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Statue of Liberty - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Statue of Liberty - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Statue of Liberty [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Statue of Liberty was a joint effort between France and the United States, intended to commemorate the lasting friendship between the peoples of the two nations. The French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi created the statue itself out of sheets of hammered copper, while Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, the man behind the famed Eiffel Tower, designed the statue\u2019s steel framework. The Statue of Liberty was then given to the United States and erected atop an American-designed pedestal on a small island in Upper New York Bay, now known as Liberty Island, and dedicated by President Grover Cleveland in 1886. Over the years, the statue stood tall as millions of immigrants arrived in America via nearby Ellis Island; in 1986, it underwent an extensive renovation in honor of the centennial of its dedication. Today, the Statue of Liberty remains an enduring symbol of freedom and democracy, as well as one of the world\u2019s most recognizable landmarks. [PAR] Google [PAR] Origins of the Statue of Liberty [PAR] Around 1865, as the American Civil War drew to a close, the French historian Edouard de Laboulaye proposed that France create a statue to give to the United States in celebration of that nation\u2019s success in building a viable democracy. The sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, known for largescale sculptures, earned the commission; the goal was to design the sculpture in time for the centennial of the Declaration of Independence in 1876. The project would be a joint effort between the two countries\u2013the French people were responsible for the statue and its assembly, while the Americans would build the pedestal on which it would stand\u2013and a symbol of the friendship between their peoples. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The base of the Statue of Liberty's pedestal contains exhibits on the monument's history, including the original 1886 torch. Visitor access to the Statue of Liberty's torch was halted for good after German operatives set off an explosion on the nearby Black Tom peninsula in July 1916, during World War I. [PAR] Due to the need to raise funds for the statue, work on the sculpture did not begin until 1875. Bartholdi\u2019s massive creation, titled \u201cStatue of Liberty Enlightening the World,\u201d depicted a woman holding a torch in her raised right hand and a tablet in her left, upon which was engraved \u201cJuly 4, 1776,\u201d the adoption date of the Declaration of Independence. Bartholdi, who was said to have modeled the woman\u2019s face after that of his mother, hammered large copper sheets to create the statue\u2019s \u201cskin\u201d (using a technique called repousse). To create the skeleton on which the skin would be assembled, he called on Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, designer of Paris\u2019 Eiffel Tower . Along with Eug\u00e8ne-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Eiffel built a skeleton out of iron pylon and steel that allowed the copper skin to move independently, a necessary condition for the strong winds it would endure in the chosen location of New York Harbor. [PAR] Statue of Liberty: Assembly and Dedication [PAR] While work went on in France on the actual statue, fundraising efforts continued in the United States for the pedestal, including contests, benefits and exhibitions. Near the end, the leading New York newspaperman Joseph Pulitzer used his paper, the World, to raise the last necessary funds. Designed by the American architect Richard Morris Hunt, the statue\u2019s pedestal was constructed inside the courtyard of Fort Wood, a fortress built for the War of 1812 and located on Bedloe\u2019s Island, off"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MATT MONRO ~ From Russia With Love ~ - YouTube MATT MONRO ~ From Russia With Love ~ - YouTube [PAR] MATT MONRO ~ From Russia With Love ~ [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 20, 2013 [PAR] The Matt Monro theme song from the James Bond movie, \"FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE\", [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Timeline - Miller Environmental Group Inc Miller Environmental Group Inc - Timeline - Miller Environmental Group Inc [PAR] James Miller Sr. founds what became Miller Environmental Group, Inc. [PAR] Port Jefferson Spill [PAR] After a day of fishing Jim Miller Sr. and crew were making their way back to the dock in Port Jefferson when they were called upon to assist in the cleanup of an oil spill from a local petroleum terminal in Port Jefferson Harbor and MEG was born. [PAR] 1976 [PAR] Slick of \u201976 [PAR] Slick of \u201976 \u2013 Oil Spill St. Lawrence Seaway \u2013 MEG responds with the Landing Craft Barbara Miller to assist equipment, personnel, and oil spill debris/waste movement between the impacted islands. Image credit to NCPR. [PAR] 1977 [PAR] Ethel H [PAR] In February of 1977, at approximately 1900, the Ethel H (II) ran aground on Con Hook Rock in the Hudson River near West Point, New York, while being towed by a tug. The forward section of the barge began taking on water. The vessel was lightered and prevented from sinking, however it had begun to spill oil that became trapped in ice. The cleanup lasted until April on the Hudson River. [PAR] 1977 [PAR] MEG moves to Hagerman and purchases South Bay Boatworks on the Patchogue River. [PAR] 1978 [PAR] Mt. Sinai Harbor Oil Spill [PAR] The Mt. Sinai Harbor Oil spill was described as the largest oil spill during that times in Long Island. [PAR] 1979 [PAR] Seaspeed Arabia [PAR] Seaspeed Arabia grounded in the Kill Van Kull off Bayonne, New Jersey. Two port fuel tanks were ruptured and approximately 3,000 barrels of combined No. 2 diesel fuel and No. 6 heavy fuel oil spilled into the New York Upper Harbor. [PAR] 1979 [PAR] Seaspeed Arabia [PAR] Seaspeed Arabia grounded in the Kill Van Kull off Bayonne, New Jersey. Two port fuel tanks were ruptured and approximately 3,000 barrels of combined No. 2 diesel fuel and No. 6 heavy fuel oil spilled into the New York Upper Harbor. [PAR] 1985 [PAR] Island Park Spill [PAR] LILCO Island Park Spill - In February of 1985 over 500,000 gallons of #2 Oil spilled in Island Park, NY. High winds of up to 90 mph whip the oil containment boom out of the water. [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Response to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. [PAR] Photo credit to USCG [PAR] 1990 [PAR] BT Nautilus Oil Spill [PAR] The 811ft BT Nautilus ran aground and spilled 260,000 gallons of thick No. 6 oil in the Kill van Kull waterway near Staten Island, NY. [PAR] 1991 [PAR] 1992 [PAR] OPA 90 [PAR] Passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 improving on the previous legislation known as the Clean Water Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. [PAR] NRC [PAR] Formation of National Response Corporation [PAR] 1993 [PAR] Response to Tampa Collision. Photo credit USCG [PAR] 1993 [PAR] Response to San Jacinto River Floods [PAR] 1994 [PAR] Response to Puerto Rico Barge Grounding [PAR] 1995 [PAR] Response to Eagle Point Spill in Westville, NJ [PAR] 1996 [PAR] Response to TWA Flight 800 [PAR] 1996[DOC] [TLE] Oil Spill Facts - Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Oil Spill Facts - Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [PAR] Final Report, Alaska Oil Spill Commission [PAR] Published February 1990 by the State of Alaska [PAR] The following is a reprint of the text from pages 5-14. Graphics are not included. [PAR] No one anticipated any unusual problems as the Exxon Valdez left the Alyeska Pipeline Terminal at 9:12 p.m., Alaska Standard Time, on March 23,1989."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arnold Schwarzenegger - Biography - IMDb Arnold Schwarzenegger - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Arnold Schwarzenegger [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 733 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (9) | Trivia (146) | Personal Quotes (550) | Salary (22) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] With an almost unpronounceable surname and a thick Austrian accent, who would have ever believed that a brash, quick talking bodybuilder from a small European village would become one of Hollywood's biggest stars, marry into the prestigious Kennedy family, amass a fortune via shrewd investments and one day be the Governor of California!? [PAR] The amazing story of megastar Arnold Schwarzenegger is a true \"rags to riches\" tale of a penniless immigrant making it in the land of opportunity, the United States of America. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born July 30, 1947, in the town of Thal, Styria, Austria, to Aurelia (Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger, the local police chief. From a young age, he took a keen interest in physical fitness and bodybuilding, going on to compete in several minor contests in Europe. However, it was when he emigrated to the United States in 1968 at the tender age of 21 that his star began to rise. [PAR] Up until the early 1970s, bodybuilding had been viewed as a rather oddball sport, or even a mis-understood \"freak show\" by the general public, however two entrepreneurial Canadian brothers Ben Weider and Joe Weider set about broadening the appeal of \"pumping iron\" and getting the sport respect, and what better poster boy could they have to lead the charge, then the incredible \"Austrian Oak\", Arnold Schwarzenegger. Over roughly the next decade, beginning in 1970, Schwarzenegger dominated the sport of competitive bodybuilding winning five Mr. Universe titles and seven Mr. Olympia titles and, with it, he made himself a major sports icon, he generated a new international audience for bodybuilding, gym memberships worldwide swelled by the tens of thousands and the Weider sports business empire flourished beyond belief and reached out to all corners of the globe. However, Schwarzenegger's horizons were bigger than just the landscape of bodybuilding and he debuted on screen as \"Arnold Strong\" in the low budget Hercules in New York (1970), then director Bob Rafelson cast Arnold in Stay Hungry (1976) alongside Jeff Bridges and Sally Field , for which Arnold won a Golden Globe Award for \"Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture\". The mesmerizing Pumping Iron (1977) covering the 1975 Mr Olympia contest in South Africa has since gone on to become one of the key sports documentaries of the 20th century, plus Arnold landed other acting roles in the comedy The Villain (1979) opposite Kirk Douglas , and he portrayed Mickey Hargitay in the well- received TV movie The Jayne Mansfield Story (1980). [PAR] What Arnold really needed was a super hero / warrior style role in a lavish production that utilized his chiseled physique, and gave him room to show off his growing acting talents and quirky humor. Conan the Barbarian (1982) was just that role. Inspired by the Robert E. Howard short stories of the \"Hyborean Age\" and directed by gung ho director John Milius , and with a largely unknown cast, save Max von Sydow and James Earl Jones , \"Conan\" was a smash hit worldwide and an inferior, although still enjoyable sequel titled Conan the Destroyer (1984) quickly followed. If \"Conan\" was the kick start to Arnold's movie career, then his next role was to put the pedal to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Human League - Don't You Want Me - YouTube The Human League - Don't You Want Me - YouTube [PAR] The Human League - Don't You Want Me [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 27, 2009 [PAR] Music video by The Human League performing Don't You Want Me (2003 Digital Remaster). [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hannah and Her Sisters Movie Review (1986) | Roger Ebert Hannah and Her Sisters Movie Review (1986) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Woody Allen 's \"Hannah and Her Sisters,\" the best movie he has ever made, is organized like an episodic novel, with acute little self-contained vignettes adding up to the big picture. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Each section begins with a title or quotation on the screen, white against black, making the movie feel like a stately progression through the lives of its characters. Then the structure is exploded, time and again, by the energy and the passion of those characters: an accountant in love with his wife's sister, a TV executive who fears he is going to die, a woman whose cocaine habit has made her life a tightrope of fear, an artist who pretends to be strong but depends pitifully on his girlfriend. [PAR] By the end of the movie, the section titles and quotations have made an ironic point: We try to organize our lives according to what we have read and learned and believed in, but our plans are lost in a tumult of emotion. [PAR] The movie spans two years in the lives of its large cast of characters - New Yorkers who labor in Manhattan's two sexiest industries, art and money. It begins and ends at family Thanksgiving dinners, with the dinner in the middle of the film acting as a turning point for several lives. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] It is hard to say who the most important characters are, but my memory keeps returning to Elliot, the accountant played by Michael Caine , and Lee, the artist's girlfriend, played by Barbara Hershey . [PAR] Elliot is married to Hannah ( Mia Farrow ), but has been blind-sided with a sudden passion for Lee. She lives in a loft with the tortured artist Frederick (Max von Sydow), who treats her like his child or his student. He is so isolated from ordinary human contact that she is actually his last remaining link with reality. [PAR] Lee and Hannah have a third sister, Holly ( Dianne Wiest ). They form parts of a whole. Hannah is the competent, nurturing one. Lee is the emotional, sensuous earth mother. Holly is a bundle of tics and insecurities. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] When they meet for lunch and the camera circles them curiously, we sense that in some ways the movie knows them better than they will ever know themselves. And to talk about the movie that way is to suggest the presence of the most important two characters in the movie, whom I will describe as Woody Allen and Mickey. [PAR] Mickey is the character played by Allen; he is a neurotic TV executive who lives in constant fear of death or disease. He was married to Hannah at one time and fathered her twin boys (after yeoman efforts). Even after Hannah's marriage to Elliot, Mickey remains a member of the family, circling its security with a winsome yearning to belong. [PAR] The family itself centers on the three women's parents, played by Maureen O'Sullivan and Lloyd Nolan as an aging show-business couple who have spent decades in loving warfare over his cheating and her drinking and their mutual career decisions. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] If Mickey is the character played by Woody Allen in the movie, Allen also provides another, second character in a more subtle way. The entire movie is told through his eyes and his sensibility; not Mickey's, but Allen's. From his earlier movies, especially \" Annie Hall \" and \" Manhattan ,\" we have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Chi-lites \"Have you seen her\" - YouTube The Chi-lites \"Have you seen her\" - YouTube [PAR] The Chi-lites \"Have you seen her\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Apr 10, 2009 [PAR] The Chi-lites \"Have you seen her\" original song [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Father\u2019s Day - Holidays - HISTORY.com Father\u2019s Day - Holidays - HISTORY.com [PAR] Father\u2019s Day [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] On June 19, 1910, the governor of the U.S. state of Washington proclaimed the nation\u2019s first \u201cFather\u2019s Day.\u201d However, it was not until 1972, 58 years after President Woodrow Wilson made Mother\u2019s Day official, that the day became a nationwide holiday in the United States. [PAR] Google [PAR] Mother\u2019s Day: Inspiration for Father\u2019s Day [PAR] The \u201cMother\u2019s Day\u201d we celebrate today has its origins in the peace-and-reconciliation campaigns of the post-Civil War era. During the 1860s, at the urging of activist Ann Reeves Jarvis, one divided West Virginia town celebrated \u201cMother\u2019s Work Days\u201d that brought together the mothers of Confederate and Union soldiers. In 1870, the activist Julia Ward Howe issued a \u201cMother\u2019s Day Proclamation\u201d calling on a \u201cgeneral congress of women\u201d to \u201cpromote the alliance of the different nationalities, the amicable settlement of international questions, [and] the great and general interests of peace.\u201d [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] There are more than 70 million fathers in the United States. [PAR] However, Mother\u2019s Day did not become a commercial holiday until 1908, when\u2013inspired by Jarvis\u2019s daughter Anna, who wanted to honor her own mother by making Mother\u2019s Day a national holiday\u2013the John Wanamaker department store in Philadelphia sponsored a service dedicated to mothers in its auditorium. Thanks in large part to this association with retailers, who saw great potential for profit in the holiday, Mother\u2019s Day caught on right away. In 1909, 45 states observed the day, and in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson approved a resolution that made the second Sunday in May a holiday in honor of \u201cthat tender, gentle army, the mothers of America.\u201d [PAR] Origins of Father\u2019s Day [PAR] The campaign to celebrate the nation\u2019s fathers did not meet with the same enthusiasm\u2013perhaps because, as one florist explained, \u201cfathers haven\u2019t the same sentimental appeal that mothers have.\u201d On July 5, 1908, a West Virginia church sponsored the nation\u2019s first event explicitly in honor of fathers, a Sunday sermon in memory of the 362 men who had died in the previous December\u2019s explosions at the Fairmont Coal Company mines in Monongah, but it was a one-time commemoration and not an annual holiday. The next year, a Spokane, Washington woman named Sonora Smart Dodd, one of six children raised by a widower, tried to establish an official equivalent to Mother\u2019s Day for male parents. She went to local churches, the YMCA, shopkeepers and government officials to drum up support for her idea, and she was successful: Washington State celebrated the nation\u2019s first statewide Father\u2019s Day on June 19, 1910. Slowly, the holiday spread. In 1916, President Wilson honored the day by using telegraph signals to unfurl a flag in Spokane when he pressed a button in Washington, D.C. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge urged state governments to observe Father\u2019s Day. However, many men continued to disdain the day. As one historian writes, they \u201cscoffed at the holiday\u2019s sentimental attempts to domesticate manliness with flowers and gift-giving, or they derided the proliferation of such holidays as a commercial gimmick to sell more products\u2013often paid for by the father himself.\u201d [PAR] Father\u2019s Day: Controversy and Commercialism [PAR] During the 1920s and 1930s, a movement arose to scrap Mother\u2019s Day and Father\u2019s Day altogether in favor of a single holiday, Parents\u2019 Day. Every year on Mother\u2019s Day, pro-Parents\u2019 Day groups rallied in New York City\u2019s Central Park\u2013a public reminder, said Parents\u2019 Day activist and radio performer Robert Spere, \u201cthat both parents should be loved and respected together.\u201d Paradoxically, however,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds Lyrics LUCY IN THE SKY WITH DIAMONDS LYRICS - THE BEATLES [PAR] Look for the girl with the sun in her eyes, [PAR] And she\u2019s gone. [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Ah... [PAR] Follow her down to a bridge by a fountain, [PAR] Where rocking horse people eat marshmallow pies. [PAR] Everyone smiles as you drift past the flowers [PAR] That grow so incredible high. [PAR] Newspaper taxis appear on the shore, [PAR] Waiting to take you away. [PAR] Climb in the back with your head in the clouds, [PAR] And you\u2019re gone. [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Ah... [PAR] Picture yourself on a train in a station, [PAR] With plasticine porters with looking-glass ties. [PAR] Suddenly, someone is there at the turnstile: [PAR] The girl with kaleidoscope eyes. [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Ah... [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Ah... [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Lucy in the sky with diamonds! [PAR] Thanks to Emylia Hawke for submitting Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds Lyrics."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Book Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport ... Book Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma - Hotels.com [PAR] Love the breakfast and cocktail hour [PAR] Dec 17, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review [PAR] Doyle, us3 night family trip [PAR] Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City [PAR] Outstanding5.0 / 5 [PAR] Good place to stay when driving through the area. [PAR] Check in was quick and the hotel was clean and bright. There is not much around there but the guest clerk suggested some restaurants not too far away. [PAR] Nov 18, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review [PAR] A Traveler, us1 night romance trip [PAR] Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City [PAR] Outstanding5.0 / 5 [PAR] A must stay in Oklahoma. [PAR] What a great staff and facility. Very welcoming for my spouse and I. Your having a pet friendly hotel made our visit perfect. [PAR] Nov 24, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review [PAR] A Traveler, us1 night family trip [PAR] Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City [PAR] Good3.0 / 5 [PAR] Everything was great except the room had a smell to it, like sewer or urine. Once we were in the room for a while it wasn't too bad, just when entering it had that smell. We didn't ask to be moved because we were close to our kids room so we just put up with it. [PAR] Nov 19, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review [PAR] A Traveler, us1 night family trip [PAR] Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City [PAR] Poor1.0 / 5 [PAR] We checked into our room,both beds had a bug in each of them. We told the front desk and we checked out,we were lot there less than 30 minutes.We have stayed In Embassy Suites several times,they have always been our favorite place to stay Until this time. James& Denise Husky [PAR] Oct 28, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review [PAR] A Traveler, us1 night romance trip"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] use belt in a sentence, how to spell belt, What is the ... use belt in a sentence, how to spell belt, What is the meaning and spelling of? Make example sentences for [PAR] English words and Examples of Usage [PAR] Example Sentences for \"belt\" [PAR] Author Edgar Allan Poe was expelled from West Point Military Academy for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves. [PAR] He was given five lashes of the headmaster's leather belt as punishment. [PAR] The little boy held onto his father's belt loop as they walked through the store. [PAR] My belt is too loose, I'm afraid my pants are going to fall down. [PAR] Writer Edgar Allan Poe was expelled from West Point Military Academy for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves. [PAR] Wearing a seat belt significantly reduces your chance of serious injury or death in a car crash. [PAR] A plumber's tool belt weighs about 10 kilograms when all his wrenches and everything are on it. [PAR] Whenever I drive, I fasten my seat belt to protect myself. [PAR] He would still be alive if he had worn his seat belt during the car crash. [PAR] It's the law always buckle your safety belt in cars and airplanes. [PAR] Since I lost a little weight, my belt got loose. [PAR] The red belt sets off her black dress. [PAR] The Milky Way is a vast belt of distant stars, each star a sun like our one. [PAR] Suddenly the plane begins to rock and the seat belt signs come on. [PAR] She is wearing a leather belt around her waist. [PAR] Only first 15 results shown. [PAR] The Manila selfie museum encouraging visitors to take pictures with art [PAR] Have you ever liked a piece of art so much you feel like you\u00e2\u0080\u0099re part of it? Well, a museum in the Philippines is helping people do just that. Art in Island, a museum in Manila, created by a group of Korean artists, features over a hundred unique three dimensional paintings that encourage people to pose in front of them. Each artwork is created in such a way that when... [PAR] Nazi hideout in Argentina [PAR] Was this a hideout for German Nazi officers? Deep in Argentina\u00e2\u0080\u0099s northern jungle, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of what may have originally been a Nazi hiding place. \u00e2\u0080\u009cIt\u00e2\u0080\u0099s a defendable site, a protected site, an inaccessible site, where you can live peacefully in hiding. We believe we\u00e2\u0080\u0099ve found a refuge for the Nazi hierarchy.\u00e2\u0080\u009dResearchers from the University of Buenos Aires... [PAR] Family lives with lions [PAR] When most people tell you they have a couple of cats at home, these probably aren't the type of cat you\u00e2\u0080\u0099d expect, but for one family in Gaza, these lion cubs are their household pets. Lioness Mona and Alex, who\u00e2\u0080\u0099s a male, were born in the battle-torn Gaza Strip to parents that were smuggled through a ... [PAR] Read More [PAR] Window cleaners have an accident [PAR] A terrifying ordeal for two window cleaners in China, as the platform they were working on began swinging violently and smashing into the building. The incident, which took place outside the 91st floor of the Shanghai World Financial Centre, lasted for 15 minutes with their cradle slamming into a wall at one point, sending glass flying into the building and down to the ground."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blondie (Comic Strip) - TV Tropes Blondie (Comic Strip) - TV Tropes [PAR] WMG [PAR] One of the longest-running (from September 8, 1930) and most popular Newspaper Comics of all time, and still fairly funny even after all this time, Blondie stars Dagwood Bumstead, a bog-standard salaryman with a strange haircut, one button on his shirt, and a love of monstrous sandwiches. He is Happily Married to Blondie , who runs a popular delicatessen and catering establishment. Their children are Alexander, who mimics his father in terms of hairstyle, and Cookie, who resembles her mother. The household is rounded out by the family dog, Daisy. Other recurring characters are Mean Boss J.C. Dithers, Mouthy Kid Elmo, neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, mailman Mr. Beasley, Dagwood's fellow carpoolers, and the chef at the local diner. Pretty much a Slice of Life comic at this point, the characters have been stuck at the same age since the early 1950s . [PAR] Dagwood was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune, but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J.C. Dithers & Company (currently as the construction company's office manager) to support his family. 80 years have severely eroded the original Fish out of Water aspect of his character. [PAR] Blondie's creator, Murat \"Chic\" Young, continued to write and draw the strip until his death in 1973, after which his son Dean took over in collaboration with a succession of artists (currently John Marshall). [PAR] Derivative works include a series of comedy films (and long-running radio series) starring Arthur Lake and Penny Singleton, two single-season sitcoms (produced in 1957 and 1968), and two animated TV specials in the late 80s (from Marvel Productions, who had worked with King Features earlier on Defenders of the Earth ). [PAR] Not to be confused with the band . [PAR] This comic provides examples of: [PAR] Adorkable : Dagwood is this to some extent. Until recent years this focused on his clumsiness, but now centers on his social awkwardness."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Masked Men: A Chronology of the Lone Ranger and the Green ... Masked Men: A Chronology of the Lone Ranger and the Green Hornet [PAR] Masked Men: A Chronology of the Lone Ranger and the Green Hornet [PAR] [PAR] by Mark Ellis, Matthew Baugh, and Win Eckert [PAR] [PAR] Mark Ellis writes: [PAR] Writing a coherent chronology for the Lone Ranger was a difficult task for a variety of reasons. The Masked Man has appeared in so many different mediums with attendant revisions and embellishments regarding his origin it was almost impossible to reconcile and meld them all into a single whole. [PAR] To simplify matters, I restricted the chronology to visual media--films, the three TV series and books. Even that decision isn't satisfactory, since I didn't have access to the 8 issues of the Lone Ranger pulp magazine, the Big Little Books, or the many years worth of newspaper strips and comic book stories. Fortunately, I did have a complete set of the Lone Ranger novels published between 1936-57 [PAR] With only a couple of exceptions, the long-running radio series isn't included because I've heard very few of its 2,596 episodes. It went off the air the year I was born and they weren't regularly re-run like the TV show. Also, since so many of the TV episodes were adapted from the radio segments, to try and include them seemed like a duplication of effort. [PAR] I used 1981's feature film, The Legend of the Lone Ranger, as the basic foundation for information about his early years. Despite its many flaws, this film was remarkably faithful to most of the elements in the mythos, including references to the Ranger's nephew, Dan, Jr. [PAR] This is not a perfect chronology and I prefer to view it as a work in progress. I welcome anyone to add to it. [PAR] Win Eckert writes: [PAR] With respect to the Green Hornet information, I have heard very few of the original radio episodes. This chronology certainly encompasses those adventures, but they are not listed individually. The same goes for the Green Hornet comics from the '40s, of which I have only a few. [PAR] This timeline is based on NOW Comics' attempt to resolve the different versions of the Hornet into a generational continuity, which I felt was a thoroughly enjoyable and admirable effort. It also includes the 1940s serials, the 1960s television series, novels, Big Little Books which I have, and Whitman Books. As Mark said, suggestions for additions are welcome. [PAR] Legend: [PAR] R = The Lone Ranger radio episodes [PAR] TLR-TV= The Lone Ranger television series [PAR] N = Novel [PAR] TLR-A = The first Lone Ranger animated series [PAR] TNALR-A = The second Lone Ranger animated series, The New Adventures of the Lone Ranger [PAR] TLR-S = The first Lone Ranger serial, The Lone Ranger [PAR] TLRRA-S = The second Lone Ranger serial, The Lone Ranger Rides Again [PAR] C = It Crawls! = Topps Comics' Lone Ranger & Tonto mini-series [PAR] LOTLR = The Legend of the Lone Ranger movie [PAR] FF = The two Lone Ranger feature films, The Lone Ranger and The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold [PAR] 1842 [PAR] Dan Reid is born on a homestead near Del Rio, Texas. [PAR] Sept. 14, 1850 [PAR] Tonto is born. [PAR] 1860 [PAR] John saves Tonto's life from a band of outlaw raiders. The same raiders go on to kill his parents and burn their ranch. John is adopted into the Potawatomai tribe as Tonto's blood brother. Tonto gives John an amulet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DiSC Profile - William Moulton Marston: developer of the ... DiSC Profile - William Moulton Marston: developer of the DISC Model Theory, Lie Detector, and Wonder Woman | DiscProfile.com [PAR] Born: May 9, 1893 in Cliftondale, MA [PAR] Died: May 2, 1947 in Rye, NY, from cancer [PAR] Wife: Elizabeth Holloway (m. 1915, two children) [PAR] Polyamorous partner: Olive Byrne (former student, two children) [PAR] Education: BA from Harvard University (1915), LLB from Harvard Law School (1918), PhD in psychology from Harvard University (1921), teacher at American University [PAR] Comic Book Hall of Fame induction: 2006 [PAR] The Lie Detector - Marston's earliest professional years [PAR] Having discovered a correspondence between blood pressure and lying, he built a device to measure changes in a person's blood pressure while the subject was being questioned. Marston formally published his early polygraph findings in 1917 on the lie detection invention he first constructed in 1915. [PAR] During the 1920s and 30s Marston was an active lecturer and consulted with government groups. Unlike many psychologists of the time, he was more interested in the behavior of the general population of people rather than abnormal psychology. [PAR] He gained the attention of the federal government for his research. He also sought the attention of the courts and the public by publishing widely and seeking publicity. Following the Lindbergh kidnapping in the 1930s, Marston offered his services to the Lindbergh family. [PAR] Psychology, Emotions and Behavior \u2013 Marston's DISC model [PAR] In the early 20s Marston's work continued to be significant in the courts and legal system; however, it evolved in 1924 when he first studied the concepts of will and a person's sense of power and their effect on personality and human behavior. His work in consciousness, colors, primary emotions and bodily symptoms also contributed greatly to the field of psychology. The picture to the right shows Marston's Emotions of Normal People, the 1928 book which formally presenting his findings. He published a second book, Integrative Psychology, in 1931. [PAR] DISC came, by design, from Marston's search for measurements of the energy of behavior and consciousness. Marston did not develop an assessment or test from his model, although others later did. He did, however, apply his model and theory in the real world when he consulted with Universal Studios in 1930 to help them transition from melodramatic silent pictures to movies with audio and the need for more natural gestures and facial expression by actors. [PAR] Links: [PAR] Emotions of Normal People, Google books [PAR] Writing for the public - Entertainment and self-help books [PAR] Venus With Us: A Tale of the Caesar, a historical novel was published in 1932. It was republished in 1953 as The Private Life of Julius Caesar after Marston's death to capitalize on the release of a film by Universal with the same name. Three other books followed on topics of popularity, courage, attitudes and determination. They were mass-marketed to the public in the emerging self-help industry. Ever a devotee of entertainment, he even wrote a biography, F.F. Proctor, Vaudeville Pioneer, in 1943 in the midst of his greatest contribution to entertainment, Wonder Woman. [PAR] Wonder Woman - William Moulton Marston as Charles Moulton [PAR] Marston was schooled in the Greek and Roman classics as a young man. He was also intimately and personally involved with the earliest movements for women's rights, including issues of birth control, voting and career equity. Knowing that, it is no surprise that William Moulton Marston's most famous work is the creation of the comic book heroine, Wonder Woman. [PAR] Wonder Woman emerges"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daphne Du Maurier's Rebecca - Strand Mag Daphne Du Maurier's Rebecca - Strand Mag [PAR] by The Strand Magazine [PAR] by Charles L.P. Silet [PAR] Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.\u201d The opening line to Daphne du Maurier\u2019s most famous novel, Rebecca is one of the great opening lines in English fiction. In one stroke, du Maurier establishes the voice, the locale, and the dream-like atmosphere of the story. It\u2019s not surprising that Alfred Hitchcock used the same opening line for his celebrated cinematic adaptation of the novel\u2014one which many critics feel is among his most accomplished. Although Daphne du Maurier was one of the most popular authors of her day and wrote or edited dozens of books\u2014biographies, plays, and collections of letters as well as works of fiction\u2014 she is best remembered today for only a handful of novels including, of course, Rebecca. [PAR] Daphne du Maurier was born on May 13, 1907 in London to Muriel Beaumont, an actress, and Gerald du Maurier, an actor and theatrical manager. Gerald\u2019s father, George, was a famous illustrator, especially known for his work in the British humor magazine Punch. He was also the author of three best-selling novels: Peter Ibbetson, Trilby (with its famous character Svengali), and The Martins. The du Mauriers were well-established in the artistic world, so Daphne\u2014the middle child of three girls\u2014grew up in a privileged and slightly bohemian environment, one in which she met the famous of the London stage as well as the popular writers of the day. [PAR] Daphne received the usual haphazard education of young women of her class and time. However, she read voraciously, especially in the standard British classics. After finishing at a school near Paris, she moved into the family home, Ferryside, in the harbor town of Fowey on the Cornish coast. Later she rented a local estate, Menabilly, located nearby, which became one of the models for Manderley. For most of her adult life she resided primarily in the area around Fowey (except when she left to travel with her husband, F.A.M. (Boy) Browning, who was a professional soldier) and set a number of her novels, including Rebecca, in that area. [PAR] Du Maurier was blessed with an active imagination and made up stories to act out with her two sisters as they were growing up. Often based on the fiction she was reading, these stories of adventure and romance set the tone for her later best-selling fiction. She began writing short stories in the late 1920s. Her first publication, \u201cAnd Now to God the Father,\u201d appeared in the May 8th issue of The Bystander, edited by her uncle Willie Beaumont, her mother\u2019s brother. As she later would write in her autobiography, Myself When Young (1977), \u201cI went self-consciously into the W.H. Smith\u2019s [the booksellers] in Fowey and bought a copy, hoping the girl behind the counter did not know why I was getting it.\u201d Du Maurier\u2019s self-effacing reaction to her first publication was characteristic of her response to her later fame as well. She remained leery of self-promotion and publicity throughout her professional life. [PAR] Although she sold a number of other short stories to The Bystander, she quickly realized that if she was going to reach financial independence as a writer, she would have to turn her hand to longer works. During the autumn of 1929 she began her first novel, The Loving Spirit, which became the first of her many books inspired by her life in Cornwall. In The Loving Spirit, du Maurier first put to use the combination of romance, adventure,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mona Lisa | painting by Leonardo da Vinci | Britannica.com Mona Lisa | painting by Leonardo da Vinci | Britannica.com [PAR] painting by Leonardo da Vinci [PAR] Written By: [PAR] sfumato [PAR] Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by the Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer Leonardo da Vinci , probably the world\u2019s most-famous painting . It was painted sometime between 1503 and 1519, when Leonardo was living in Florence , and it now hangs in the Louvre , in Paris , where it remains an object of pilgrimage in the 21st century. The poplar panel shows evidence of warping and was stabilized in 1951 with the addition of an oak frame and in 1970 with four vertical braces. Dovetails also were added, to prevent the widening of a small crack visible near the centre of the upper edge of the painting. The sitter\u2019s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination. [PAR] Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci, \u2026 [PAR] The Print Collection\u2014Heritage-Images [PAR] Overview of Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s Mona Lisa, with a discussion of the \u2026 [PAR] Contunico \u00a9 ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz [PAR] The Mona Lisa and its influence [PAR] These signs of aging distract little from the painting\u2019s effect. In its exquisite synthesis of sitter and landscape, the Mona Lisa set the standard for all future portraits. The painting presents a woman in half-body portrait, which has as a backdrop a distant landscape. Yet this simple description of a seemingly standard composition gives little sense of Leonardo\u2019s achievement. The sensuous curves of the sitter\u2019s hair and clothing, created through sfumato (use of fine shading), are echoed in the shapes of the valleys and rivers behind her. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting\u2014especially apparent in the sitter\u2019s faint smile\u2014reflects Leonardo\u2019s idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature, making this painting an enduring record of Leonardo\u2019s vision. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] There has been much speculation and debate regarding the identity of the portrait\u2019s sitter. Scholars and historians have posited numerous interpretations, including that she is Lisa del Giocondo (n\u00e9e Gherardini), the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo, hence the alternative title to the work, La Gioconda. That identity was first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari . Another theory was that the model may have been Leonardo\u2019s mother, Caterina. That interpretation was put forth by, among others, Sigmund Freud , who seemed to think that the Mona Lisa\u2019s mysterious smile emerged from a\u2014perhaps unconscious\u2014memory of Caterina\u2019s smile. A third suggestion was that the painting was, in fact, Leonardo\u2019s self-portrait, given the resemblance between the sitter\u2019s and the artist\u2019s facial features. Some scholars suggested that disguising himself as a woman was the artist\u2019s riddle. The sitter\u2019s identity has not been conclusively proven. In an attempt to settle the debate, art and forensic experts in August 2013 opened the tomb of the Giocondo family in Florence in order to find Lisa del Giocondo\u2019s remains, test her DNA, and recreate an image of her face. [PAR] Whatever the sitter\u2019s identity, the influence of the Mona Lisa on the Renaissance and later times has been enormous. The Mona Lisa revolutionized contemporary portrait painting . Leonardo\u2019s preliminary drawings encouraged other artists to make more and freer studies for their paintings and stimulated connoisseurs to collect those drawings. Through the drawings his Milanese works were made known to the Florentines. Also, his reputation and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Song of Hiawatha - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Longfellow: The Song of Hiawatha, The Song of Hiawatha [PAR] The Song of Hiawatha [PAR] Oh the long and dreary Winter! [PAR] Oh the cold and cruel Winter! [PAR] Ever thicker, thicker, thicker [PAR] Froze the ice on lake and river, [PAR] Ever deeper, deeper, deeper [PAR] Fell the snow o'er all the landscape, [PAR] Fell the covering snow, and drifted [PAR] Through the forest, round the village. [PAR] Hardly from his buried wigwam [PAR] Could the hunter force a passage; [PAR] With his mittens and his snow-shoes [PAR] Vainly walked he through the forest, [PAR] Sought for bird or beast and found none, [PAR] Saw no track of deer or rabbit, [PAR] In the snow beheld no footprints, [PAR] In the ghastly, gleaming forest [PAR] Fell, and could not rise from weakness, [PAR] Perished there from cold and hunger. [PAR] Oh the famine and the fever! [PAR] Oh the wasting of the famine! [PAR] Oh the blasting of the fever! [PAR] Oh the wailing of the children! [PAR] Oh the anguish of the women! [PAR] All the earth was sick and famished; [PAR] Hungry was the air around them, [PAR] Hungry was the sky above them, [PAR] And the hungry stars in heaven [PAR] Like the eyes of wolves glared at them! [PAR] Into Hiawatha's wigwam [PAR] Came two other guests, as silent [PAR] As the ghosts were, and as gloomy, [PAR] Waited not to be invited [PAR] Did not parley at the doorway [PAR] Sat there without word of welcome [PAR] In the seat of Laughing Water; [PAR] Looked with haggard eyes and hollow [PAR] At the face of Laughing Water. [PAR] And the foremost said: \"Behold me! [PAR] I am Famine, Bukadawin!\" [PAR] And the other said: \"Behold me! [PAR] I am Fever, Ahkosewin!\" [PAR] Shuddered as they looked upon her, [PAR] Shuddered at the words they uttered, [PAR] Lay down on her bed in silence, [PAR] Hid her face, but made no answer; [PAR] Lay there trembling, freezing, burning [PAR] At the looks they cast upon her, [PAR] At the fearful words they uttered. [PAR] Forth into the empty forest [PAR] Rushed the maddened Hiawatha; [PAR] In his heart was deadly sorrow, [PAR] In his face a stony firmness; [PAR] On his brow the sweat of anguish [PAR] Started, but it froze and fell not. [PAR] Wrapped in furs and armed for hunting, [PAR] With his mighty bow of ash-tree, [PAR] With his quiver full of arrows, [PAR] With his mittens, Minjekahwun, [PAR] Into the vast and vacant forest [PAR] On his snow-shoes strode he forward. [PAR] \"Gitche Manito, the Mighty!\" [PAR] Cried he with his face uplifted [PAR] In that bitter hour of anguish, [PAR] \"Give your children food, O father! [PAR] Give us food, or we must perish! [PAR] Give me food for Minnehaha, [PAR] For my dying Minnehaha!\" [PAR] Through the forest vast and vacant [PAR] Rang that cry of desolation, [PAR] But there came no other answer [PAR] Than the echo of his crying, [PAR] Than the echo of the woodlands, [PAR] \"Minnehaha! Minnehaha!\" [PAR] All day long roved Hiawatha [PAR] In that melancholy forest, [PAR] Through the shadow of whose thickets, [PAR] In the pleasant days of Summer, [PAR] Of that ne'er forgotten Summer, [PAR] He had brought his young wife homeward [PAR] From the land of the Dacotahs; [PAR] When the birds sang in the thickets, [PAR] And the streamlets laughed and glistened, [PAR] And the air was full of fragrance, [PAR] And the lovely Laughing Water [PAR] Said with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes : The Canterbury Tales : The Wife of Bath \u2019s ... SparkNotes: The Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath\u2019s Prologue [PAR] The Wife of Bath\u2019s Prologue [PAR] The Wife of Bath\u2019s Prologue [PAR] \u2192 [PAR] The Miller\u2019s Prologue and Tale [PAR] The Wife of Bath\u2019s Prologue (continued) [PAR] From the beginning through the Wife of Bath\u2019s description of her first three husbands Fragment 3, lines 1\u2013451 [PAR] Summary [PAR] The Wife of Bath begins the Prologue to her tale by establishing herself as an authority on marriage, due to her extensive personal experience with the institution. Since her first marriage at the tender age of twelve, she has had five husbands. She says that many people have criticized her for her numerous marriages, most of them on the basis that Christ went only once to a wedding, at Cana in Galilee. The Wife of Bath has her own views of Scripture and God\u2019s plan. She says that men can only guess and interpret what Jesus meant when he told a Samaritan woman that her fifth husband was not her husband. With or without this bit of Scripture, no man has ever been able to give her an exact reply when she asks to know how many husbands a woman may have in her lifetime. God bade us to wax fruitful and multiply, she says, and that is the text that she wholeheartedly endorses. After all, great Old Testament figures, like Abraham, Jacob, and Solomon, enjoyed multiple wives at once. She admits that many great Fathers of the Church have proclaimed the importance of virginity, such as the Apostle Paul. But, she reasons, even if virginity is important, someone must be procreating so that virgins can be created. Leave virginity to the perfect, she says, and let the rest of us use our gifts as best we may\u2014and her gift, doubtless, is her sexual power. She uses this power as an \u201cinstrument\u201d to control her husbands. [PAR] At this point, the Pardoner interrupts. He is planning to marry soon and worries that his wife will control his body, as the Wife of Bath describes. The Wife of Bath tells him to have patience and to listen to the whole tale to see if it reveals the truth about marriage. Of her five husbands, three have been \u201cgood\u201d and two have been \u201cbad.\u201d The first three were good, she admits, mostly because they were rich, old, and submissive. She laughs to recall the torments that she put these men through and recounts a typical conversation that she had with her older husbands. She would accuse her -husband of having an affair, launching into a tirade in which she would charge him with a bewildering array of accusations. If one of her husbands got drunk, she would claim he said that every wife is out to destroy her husband. He would then feel guilty and give her what she wanted. All of this, the Wife of Bath tells the rest of the pilgrims, was a pack of lies\u2014her husbands never held these opinions, but she made these claims to give them grief. Worse, she would tease her husbands in bed, refusing to give them full satisfaction until they promised her money. She admits proudly to using her verbal and sexual power to bring her husbands to total submission. [PAR] Analysis [PAR] In her lengthy Prologue, the Wife of Bath recites her autobiography, announcing in her very first word that \u201cexperience\u201d will be her guide. Yet, despite her claim that experience is her sole authority, the Wife of Bath apparently feels"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tarzan (character) - Disney Wiki - Wikia Tarzan | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cHe was confused at first, as if he had never seen another human before. His eyes were intense... and focused, and... I've never seen such eyes.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Jane about Tarzan [PAR] Tarzan is the protagonist and titular character of Disney 's 1999 animated feature film of the same name . Commonly known as the \"Lord of the Jungle\", Tarzan was rescued and raised by a colony of apes after his parents were killed by the bloodthirsty Sabor . As the years passed, he turned into an ape-man, protecting all of the apes, and never knowing the outside world, apart from the jungle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Personality [PAR] Tarzan is an extremely brave, loyal, and honorable character. He cares deeply about his family and friends and was willing to risk his life to save them. He has also been known to be willing to rescue his enemies; an example of this was when Clayton was about to fall to his death, and Tarzan exclaimed \"Clayton! Clayton, don't!\" and reached out to save him, even though Clayton had fatally wounded Kerchak and attempted to kill him and kidnap his whole gorilla family. This also proves that, like most heroes, he is one to spare the antagonist mistakenly. [PAR] In his youth, Tarzan was playful and fun loving, but also felt like an outcast due to the fact that he was human. Until Jane Porter , her father , and Clayton arrived he had never seen another human before and was, therefore, unaware of what species he was. And as an adult, he had matured into a more serious character but still displayed a playful and friendly side when around his family and friends. Tarzan was also very curious and when he heard a gunshot he went to investigate while the rest of his family moved deeper into the jungle. It was because of his curious nature that he met Jane, Professor Porter, and Clayton. [PAR] In the Legend of Tarzan series, he has shown to take over as leader and while he retains the majority of his personality from the film, there are some other aspects explored and expanded. For example, he shows a hatred of leopards (understandably so since they killed his parents and attacked him and his family in the past) and refused to accept a baby cub that Jane found. He also displayed very similar traits to Kerchak as he refused to accept the baby because it was different and a threat to him and his family (which is very similar to Kerchak's reaction to Tarzan growing up and Jane defending the cub as Kala defending Tarzan). This could imply that Kerchak influenced Tarzan. Also, he hates hunters and is very protective of the forest, often kicking the hunters out and destroying their guns. Another aspect is his leadership, where another gorilla challenged him for leadership and won because Tarzan saved him. However, the gorilla mistakenly lead the pack to a different route than Tarzan which turned out to be a pit of tar housing a ferocious gigantic snake. Tarzan not only rescued his pack but ingeniously hid himself and his friends with mud so the snake couldn't see them. Another aspect seen is when his personal life with Jane, her father, and humans, in general, tend to interfere with his duties as pack leader. Once the gorillas were kicked out of their home and he had to choose between staying with his family or with Jane because"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 whimsical words coined by Lewis Carroll - The Week 10 whimsical words coined by Lewis Carroll [PAR] 10 whimsical words coined by Lewis Carroll [PAR] Angela Tung [PAR] Alice meets Tweedledum and Tweedledee in Lewis Carroll's children's novel Alice Through The Looking Glass. Rischgitz/Getty Images [PAR] January 25, 2013 [PAR] 10 things you need to know today [PAR] Today's best articles [PAR] The week's best photojournalism [PAR] Daily business briefing [PAR] This Sunday is the birthday of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll, the English mathematician and writer whose most famous works include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass, and The Hunting of the Snark. [PAR] Such works featured Carroll's specialty: coining blends and nonce words. Here are ten of our favorites: [PAR] 1. boojum [PAR] The boojum is \"a particularly dangerous variety of ' snark ,'\" an imaginary creature of Carroll's invention. The word boojum has inspired the naming of everything from \"a species of tree... native to Baja California, Mexico\" (found in 1922 by plant explorer Godfrey Sykes , who proclaimed, \"It must be a boojum!\"); to a supersonic cruise missile that \"was determined to be too ambitious a project... and was canceled in 1951\"; to \"a geometric pattern sometimes observed on the surface of superfluid helium-3,\" as named by physicist David Mermin in 1976. [PAR] Example: But oh, beamish nephew, beware of the day, / If your Snark be a Boojum! For then / You will softly and suddenly vanish away, / And never be met with again!\" [PAR] \u2014 Lewis Carroll, The Hunting of the Snark , 1876 [PAR] 2. chortle [PAR] To chortle means \"to exclaim exultingly, with a noisy chuckle.\" According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), Carroll coined the word as a blend of chuckle and snort. [PAR] Example: \"He chortled in his joy.\" [PAR] \u2014Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass , 1871 [PAR] 3. frabjous [PAR] Frabjous means \"great, wonderful, fabulous,\" and is a blend of either fabulous and joyous, or fair and joyous. \"O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!\" cries the narrator of The Jabberwocky upon learning that the Jabberwock has been slain. [PAR] Example: \"'O frabjous day!' rejoiced Emma Dean, using her bath towel as a scarf and performing a weird dance about the room.\" [PAR] 4. galumph [PAR] Galumph means \"to move heavily and clumsily,\" and is a blend of gallop and triumph. [PAR] Example: \"I struggle to keep up on an particularly cold winter evening as I galumph my way across rough downland in pursuit of a tour guide.\" [PAR] \u2014 Ian Vince, \" Stonehenge Landscape Can Still Surprise with Its Stunning Vistas ,\" The Telegraph, January 14, 2010 [PAR] 5. jabberwocky [PAR] The Jabberwocky is \"a nonsensical poem that appears in Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll,\" while the Jabberwock is \"a fantastical dreaded monster with flaming eyes who is depicted\" in the poem. Regarding the word itself, according to Carroll: \"The Anglo-Saxon word 'wocer' or 'wocor' signifies 'offspring' or 'fruit'. Taking 'jabber' in its ordinary acceptation of 'excited and voluble discussion.'\" Jabberwocky came to mean \"nonsensical speech or writing\" around 1908, says the OED. [PAR] Example: \"In theory, the pledge could do most of the same work if we had children say it in Anglo-Saxon or Arapaho, or if we replaced it with the lyrics to 'Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah.' They're going to turn the words into jabberwocky anyway.\" [PAR] \u2014 Geoff Nunberg, \" I Pledge Allegiance to Linguistic Obfuscation ,\" NPR, March 30, 2010 [PAR] 6. mimsy [PAR] Mimsy was coined by Lewis Carroll in 1855 as a blend of miserable and flimsy. According"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did you know? - Melrose Mirror Front Page Did you know? [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] One third of Taiwanese funeral processions include a stripper. [PAR] Gerald Ford said \ufffdI\ufffdve watched a lot of baseball \ufffd on the radio\ufffd? [PAR] In Connecticut a pickle must bounce to be legal. [PAR] Shakespeare wrote that \ufffdbrevity is the soul of wit.\ufffd Noted wit Dorothy Parker [PAR] said it was \ufffdThe soul of lingerie.\ufffd [PAR] Thinking that its parents were a camel and a leopard, the Europeans once [PAR] called the animal a \ufffdcamelopard.\ufffd [PAR] The African elephant produces the loudest sound of any animal, 188 [PAR] decibels. [PAR] More than 1,000 different languages are spoken on the continent of Africa. [PAR] Gorillas can catch human colds and other illnesses. [PAR] One in three male motorists picks their nose while driving. [PAR] 15 percent of Americans secretly bite their toes. [PAR] According to an old age custom, carrying a dead shrew in your pocket wards [PAR] off rheumatism. [PAR] City dwellers have longer, thicker, denser nose hairs than country folk do. [PAR] Sliced bread was introduced under the Wonder Bread label in 1930. [PAR] The average child will eat 1,500 PB sandwiches by high school graduation. [PAR] Shawnee Indian Chief Tecumseh was defeated and killed at the Battle of the [PAR] Thames during the war of 1812. He was a powerful orator who defended his [PAR] people against white settlement. When the war of 1812 broke out, he joined [PAR] the British as a Brigadier General. [PAR] When Edison was twelve years old, he began to lose his hearing. There are a [PAR] number of stories that have been told about how this happened. Edison had [PAR] Scarlett Fever as a child, but all the boys in Edison's' family also lost their [PAR] hearing. [PAR] Sources: triviacountry.com; alltrivia.net; funfunnyfacts.com; corsinet.com; [PAR] historyplace.com; apecsec.org photo: freedigitalphotos.net [PAR] October 2, 2015[DOC] [TLE] Brevity Is the Soul of Lingerie | Quote Investigator Brevity Is the Soul of Lingerie | Quote Investigator [PAR] Brevity Is the Soul of Lingerie [PAR] Dorothy Parker? Apocryphal? [PAR] Dear Quote Investigator: William Shakespeare memorably wrote that: [PAR] Brevity is the soul of wit. [PAR] The wordsmith Dorothy Parker famously transformed the Bard\u2019s phrase into a humorous and erotic remark: [PAR] Brevity is the soul of lingerie. [PAR] Several quotation references list Parker\u2019s statement, but the earliest citation I\u2019ve seen is indirect; a friend named Alexander Woollcott attributed the quip to her in 1934. Would you please help me to find better evidence? [PAR] Quote Investigator: In October 1916 \u201cVogue\u201d magazine published a lengthy profusely illustrated article titled \u201cVogue Pattern Service\u201d. One page displayed drawings of models wearing nightgowns and chemises together with the following caption in capital letters. Boldface has been added to excerpts: 1 [PAR] FROM THESE FOUNDATIONS OF THE AUTUMN WARDROBE, ONE MAY LEARN THAT BREVITY IS THE SOUL OF LINGERIE [PAR] Dorothy Parker was employed at \u201cVogue\u201d, and QI believes she crafted the caption; indeed, a few years later she used the quip again. By 1919 she had moved to \u201cVanity Fair\u201d, and the magazine printed a comical piece she composed titled \u201cOur Office: A Hate Song: An Intimate Glimpse of Vanity Fair\u2014En Famille\u201d. She leveled light-hearted criticisms at each department of the publishing enterprise: 2 [PAR] I hate the office; [PAR] They are always explaining how the photographing machine works. [PAR] And they stand around in the green light [PAR] And look as if they had been found drowned. [PAR] When Parker mocked the editorial group she employed the adage under investigation: [PAR] Then there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot | Old Time Radio Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot | Old Time Radio [PAR] Detective Rare [PAR] Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot [PAR] (update) with additional episodes and special recordings: Hercule Poirot is the greatest detective ever? Certainly a gripping favorite from Agatha Christie! [PAR] 13 old time radio show recordings [PAR] available in the following formats: [PAR] Play a sample episode from February 22, 1945: [PAR] \"The Careless Victim\" [PAR] About this Old Time Radio Show [PAR] Text on OTRCAT.com \u00a92001-2017 OTRCAT INC All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is prohibited. [PAR] Detective Mystery and Drama (1945-1947) [PAR] One of the greatest mystery writers of all time was Agatha Christie , and one of her most popular characters was an uppity little Belgian by the name of Hercule Poirot. Poirot appeared in 33 of Christie's novels and 51 short stories between 1920 and 1975. The character has appeared in a number of radio programs, movies, and TV shows. [PAR] Christie created Hercule Poirot for her first book (written in 1916, but unpublished until 1920). The little Belgian detective had been a police detective in his native country, but expanded internationally after the German occupation during WWI. He is well known for his fastidiousness towards his appearance, especially the mustache he vainly cultivates. His stomach is known to be very sensitive, and he takes great pains to protect it from the trauma of air and sea travel. [PAR] As popular as he was, Ms. Christie herself eventually grew tired of him, finding him \"insufferable\" by 1930, and thirty years later calling him a \"detestable, bombastic, tiresome, egocentric little creep.\" She felt, however, that it was her duty as an author to give the public what they wanted, and they wanted Poirot. She did kill him off in the novel Curtain, written during WWII , but unpublished until the year before her own death. When the novel was published in 1975, the New York Times published an obituary for Poirot, one of the few fictional characters so honored. [PAR] Poirot had several appearances on the radio and in Orson Welles ' Campbell's Playhouse adaptation of \"The Murder of Roger Ackroyd \". The 1945 Mutual series starred character actor Harold Huber in the title role. The series used none of Christie's own stories, although the author introduced the first broadcast from London via shortwave. Huber had been previously seen as a cop in several Charlie Chan films, and would also play Fu Manchu on the radio. [PAR] This collection contains eleven Hercule Poirot broadcasts and episodes from Campbell's Playhouse (starring Orson Welles ) and Murder Clinic featuring Poirot. [PAR] For more brainy detectives, see also: Softboiled Detectives . This collection is also included in the Agatha Christie Collection. [PAR] Text on OTRCAT.com \u00a92001-2017 OTRCAT INC All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is prohibited. [PAR] These classic recordings are available in the following formats: [PAR] MP3 CD [PAR] Standard Audio Cd [PAR] Instant Download [PAR] MP3 CDs are delivered by mail. These archival quality MP3 CDs are playable in your computer and many MP3 player devices. [PAR] 13 recordings on 1 MP3 CD for just $5.00 [PAR] total playtime 6 hours, 10 min [PAR] Click here to see disc contents [PAR] 13 shows - total playtime 6 hours 10 minutes [PAR] Campbell Playhouse 391112 36 Murder of Rodger Ackroyd.mp3 [PAR] Hercule Poirot 450112 00 Case Of Roving Corpse.mp3 [PAR] Hercule Poirot 450114 00 Case Of Roving Corpse.mp3 [PAR] Hercule Poirot 450222 01 Case Of Careless Victim.mp3 [PAR] Hercule Poirot 450503 11 Murder Wears A Mask.mp3 [PAR] Hercule Poirot 450517 13 Death In Golden"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE MEETING OF ROBIN HOOD AND LITTLE JOHN - mainlesson.com The Baldwin Project: Stories of Robin Hood Told to the Children by H. E. Marshall [PAR] [PAR] THE MEETING OF ROBIN HOOD AND LITTLE JOHN [PAR] [9] WHEN Robin first came to live in Sherwood Forest he was rather sad, for he could not at once forget all he had lost. But he was not long lonely. When it became known that he had gone to live in the Green Wood, other poor men, who had been driven out of their homes by the Normans, joined him. They soon formed a band and were known as the \"Merry Men.\" [PAR] Robin was no longer Robin of Huntingdon, but Robin of Sherwood Forest. Very soon people shortened Sherwood into Hood, though some say he was called Hood from the green hoods he and his men wore. How he came to have his name does not matter much. People almost forgot that he was really an earl, and he had become known, not only all over [10] England, but in many far countries, as Robin Hood. [PAR] Robin Hood was captain of the band of Merry Men. Next to him came Little John. He was called Little John because he was so tall, just as Midge the miller's son was called Much because he was so small. [PAR] Robin loved Little John best of all his friends. Little John loved Robin better than any one else in all the world. Yet the first time they met they fought and knocked each other about dreadfully. [PAR] \"How they came acquainted, I'll tell you in brief, [PAR] If you will but listen a while; [PAR] For this very jest, among all the rest, [PAR] I think it may cause you to smile.\" [PAR] It happened on a bright, sunshiny day in early spring. All through the winter Robin and his men had had a very dull time. Nearly all their fun and adventures happened with people travelling through the forest. As there were no trains, people had to travel on horseback. In winter the roads were so [11] bad, and the weather so cold and wet, that most people stayed at home. So it was rather a quiet time for Robin and his men. They lived in great caves during the winter, and spent their time making stores of bows and arrows, and mending their boots and clothes. [PAR] This bright, sunshiny morning Robin felt dull and restless, so he took his bow and arrows, and started off through the forest in search of adventure. [PAR] He wandered on for some time without meeting any one. Presently he came to a river. It was wide and deep, swollen by the winter rains. It was crossed by a very slender, shaky bridge, so narrow, that if two people tried to pass each other on it, one would certainly fall into the water. [PAR] Robin began to cross the bridge, before he noticed that a great, tall man, the very tallest man he had ever seen, was crossing too from the other side. [PAR] \"Go back and wait till I have come over,\" he called out as soon as he noticed the stranger. [PAR] [12] The stranger laughed, and called out in reply, \"I have as good a right to the bridge as you. You can go back till I get across.\" [PAR] This made Robin very angry. He was so accustomed to being obeyed that he was very much astonished too. Between anger and astonishment he hardly knew what he did. [PAR] He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home: A Memoir of My Early Years by Julie Andrews ... Home: A Memoir of My Early Years by Julie Andrews, Paperback | Barnes & Noble\u00ae [PAR] Chapter One [PAR] I am told that the first comprehensible word I uttered as a child was \"home.\" [PAR] My father was driving his secondhand Austin 7; my mother was in the passenger seat beside him holding me on her lap. As we approached our modest house, Dad braked the car to turn onto the pocket-handkerchief square of concrete by the gate and apparently I quietly, tentatively, said the word. [PAR] \"Home.\" [PAR] My mother told me there was a slight upward inflection in my voice, not a question so much as a trying of the word on the tongue, with perhaps the delicious discovery of connection ... the word to the place. My parents wanted to be sure they had heard me correctly, so Dad drove around the lanes once again, and as we returned, it seems I repeated the word. [PAR] My mother must have said it more than once upon arrival at our house-perhaps with satisfaction? Or relief? Or maybe to instill in her young daughter a sense of comfort and safety. The word has carried enormous resonance for me ever since. [PAR] Home. [PAR] The river thames begins as a trickle just above Oxford in an area referred to in old literature as \"Isis.\" The trickle has become a fair river and fordable by the time it reaches the great university city, and from there it winds its way through the English countryside,changing levels from time to time, spewing through the gates of some exquisitely pretty locks, passing old villages with lovely names like Sonning, Henley, Marlow, Maidenhead, and Bray. [PAR] It flows on through Windsor and Eton. Wicked King John signed the Magna Carta at a picturesque stretch of the Thames called Runnymede. It progresses through the county of Surrey, past Walton-the village where I was born-past the palace of Hampton Court where Sir Thomas More boarded the water taxis that carried him downriver after his audiences with Henry VIII, and continues through the county town of Kingston, on to Richmond and Kew. Finally it reaches London, gliding beneath its many bridges, passing the seat of British government, the Houses of Parliament, before making its final journey toward Greenwich and the magnificent Thames Estuary into the North Sea. [PAR] Because of the Thames I have always loved inland waterways-water in general, water sounds-there's music in water. Brooks babbling, fountains splashing. Weirs, waterfalls; tumbling, gushing. Whenever I think of my birthplace, Walton-on-Thames, my reference first and foremost is the river. I love the smell of the river; love its history, its gentleness. I was aware of its presence from my earliest years. Its majesty centered me, calmed me, was a solace to a certain extent. [PAR] The name \"Walton\" probably derives from the old English words wealh tun (Briton/serf and enclosure/town). Remnants of an ancient wall were to be found there in my youth. Walton is one of three closely related villages, the others being Hersham and Weybridge. When I was born, they were little more than stops on the railway line leading out of London into the county of Surrey. Hersham was the poor relative and had once been merely a strip of woodland beside another river, the Mole. It was originally occupied by Celts, whose implements were found in large numbers in the area. The Romans were there, and Anglo-Saxons were the first settlers. Hersham was very much a fringe settlement. Walton, slightly better off,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Authors : Queen, Ellery : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction [PAR] Tagged: Author | House name [PAR] Pseudonym used by US cousins Frederick Dannay (1905-1982) and Manfred B Lee (1905-1971) for a lengthy sequence of crime-fiction novels and short stories featuring amateur detective Ellery Queen, beginning with The Roman Hat Mystery (1929). For many years these were characterized by rigorously logical deductions and a \"Challenge to the Reader\" to solve the puzzle before the final explanation. Media spinoffs included the syndicated radio show The Adventures of Ellery Queen (1939-1948), its television adaptation under the same title (1950-1952) and the considerably better NBC television series Ellery Queen (1975-1976). Although there is no fantastic content, the Queen franchise has some sf interest because \u2013 as with Leslie Charteris \u2013 \"Queen\" eventually became a House Name under which several sf authors ghosted novels based on detailed outlines by Dannay. (The Queens' normal procedure was for Dannay to devise the plot and Lee to draft the story, after which both made revisions; ghosted titles were similarly revised.) Theodore Sturgeon wrote The Player on the Other Side (1963). Avram Davidson wrote And On the Eighth Day (1964) \u2013 set in an isolated community practising an offbeat Religion \u2013 The Fourth Side of the Triangle (1965) and a version of The House of Brass (1968): the last was rejected by the Queens, and the synopsis was expanded by Manfred B Lee as usual. A Study in Terror (1965), a period film about Sherlock Holmes and Jack the Ripper , was novelized by Paul W Fairman : the Queens inserted modern frame-story episodes and the result appeared as A Study in Terror (1966; vt Sherlock Homes Versus Jack the Ripper 1967) as by Queen. All these are \"main sequence\" Queen novels with Ellery Queen as sleuth. Additionally, Edward D Hoch , Milton Lesser , Charles W Runyon and Jack Vance contributed to a secondary run of less intellectual Queen thrillers, published as paperback originals, whose crimes are investigated by other detectives \u2013 see Checklist. [PAR] Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, a US monthly Digest , has been published since 1941 when it was launched by Mercury Publications (its characteristic appearance, shared with its younger sibling The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction , was created by Mercury's head of design, George Salter ); the journal naturally focuses on crime fiction but has occasionally published sf/fantasy, usually with Crime and Punishment themes. Examples include Jorge Luis Borges 's \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" (August 1948; trans by Anthony Boucher of title story of El jard\u00edn de senderos que se bifurcan, coll 1942), Gerald Heard 's \"The President of the United States, Detective\" (March 1947) as by H F Heard (see Climate Change ), Poul Anderson 's \"The Martian Crown Jewels\" (February 1958), Fredric Brown 's \"Crisis, 1999\" (August 1949), Ray Bradbury 's, \"The Town Where No One Got Off\" (October 1958), Avram Davidson 's The Last Wizard (December 1972; 1999 chap), Harry Harrison 's \"I Always Do What Teddy Says\" (June 1965) and John T Sladek 's \"Capital C on Planet Amp\" (December 1966; vt \"Is There Death on Other Planets?\" in The Steam-Driven Boy, coll 1973). Dannay, as Queen, was editor-in-chief from the magazine's inception until his death in 1982. Managing editors included Robert P Mills 1948-1958 and Paul W Fairman 1958-1963. [DRL] [PAR] Frederick Dannay, born Daniel Nathan [PAR] born New York: 20 October 1905 [PAR] died White Plains, New York: 3 September 1982 [PAR] Manfred Bennington Lee, born Manford Lepofsky [PAR] born New York: 11 January 1905 [PAR] died"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u2018A Farewell to Arms\u2019 With Hemingway\u2019s Alternate Endings ... \u2018A Farewell to Arms\u2019 With Hemingway\u2019s Alternate Endings - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Books |To Use and Use Not [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] In an interview in The Paris Review in 1958 Ernest Hemingway made an admission that has inspired frustrated novelists ever since: The final words of \u201cA Farewell to Arms,\u201d his wartime masterpiece, were rewritten \u201c39 times before I was satisfied.\u201d [PAR] Those endings have become part of literary lore, but they have never been published together in their entirety, according to his longtime publisher, Scribner. [PAR] A new edition of \u201cA Farewell to Arms,\u201d which was originally published in 1929, will be released next week, including all the alternate endings, along with early drafts of other passages in the book. [PAR] The new edition is the result of an agreement between Hemingway\u2019s estate and Scribner, now an imprint of Simon & Schuster. [PAR] Photo [PAR] Ernest Hemingway in 1947. Credit John F. Kennedy Library and Museum [PAR] It is also an attempt to redirect some of the attention paid in recent years to Hemingway\u2019s swashbuckling, hard-drinking image \u2014 through fictional depictions in the best-selling novel \u201cThe Paris Wife\u201d and the Woody Allen film \u201cMidnight in Paris,\u201d for instance \u2014 back to his sizable body of work. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] \u201cI think people who are interested in writing and trying to write themselves will find it interesting to look at a great work and have some insight to how it was done,\u201d Se\u00e1n Hemingway, a grandson of Ernest Hemingway who is also a curator of Greek and Roman art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, said in an interview. \u201cBut he is a writer who has captured the imagination of the American public, and these editions are interesting because they really focus on his work. Ultimately that\u2019s his lasting contribution.\u201d [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The new edition concludes that the 39 endings that Hemingway referred to are really more like 47. They have been preserved in the Ernest Hemingway Collection at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston since 1979, where Se\u00e1n Hemingway studied them carefully. (Bernard S. Oldsey, a Hemingway scholar, listed 41 endings in his book \u201cHemingway\u2019s Hidden Craft,\u201d but Se\u00e1n Hemingway found 47 variations in manuscripts preserved at the Kennedy Library.) [PAR] The alternate endings are labeled and gathered in an appendix in the new edition, a 330-page book whose cover bears the novel\u2019s original artwork, an illustration of a reclining man and woman, both topless. [PAR] For close readers of Hemingway the endings are a fascinating glimpse into how the novel could have concluded on a different note, sometimes more blunt and sometimes more optimistic. And since modern authors tend to produce their work on computers, the new edition also serves as an artifact of a bygone craft, with handwritten notes and long passages crossed out, giving readers a sense of an author\u2019s process. (When asked in the 1958 Paris Review interview with George Plimpton what had stumped him, Hemingway said, \u201cGetting the words right.\u201d) [PAR] Photo [PAR] The new edition, with the original cover art. [PAR] The endings range from a short sentence or two to several paragraphs. [PAR] In No. 1, \u201cThe Nada Ending,\u201d Hemingway wrote, \u201cThat is all there is to the story. Catherine died and you will die and I will die and that is all I can promise you.\u201d [PAR] The \u201cLive-Baby Ending,\u201d listed as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Andy Warhol [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (22) | Personal Quotes (17) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Andrew Warhol's father, Ondrej, came from the Austria-Hungary Empire (now Slovakia) in 1912, and sent for his mother, Julia Zavacky Warhola, in 1921. His father worked as a construction worker and later as a coal miner. Around some time, the family moved to Pittsburgh. During his teenage years, Andy suffered from several nervous breakdowns. Overcoming this, he graduated from Schenley High School in Pittsburgh in 1945, and enrolled in the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University), graduating in June 1949. During college, he met Philip Pearlstein , a fellow student. [PAR] After graduation, Andy Warhol (having dropped the letter 'a' from his last name) moved to New York City, and shared an apartment with Pearlstein at St. Mark's Place off of Avenue A for a couple months. During this time, he moved in and out of several Manhattan apartments. In New York, he met Tina Fredericks , art editor of Glamour Magazine. Warhol's early jobs were doing drawings for Glamour, such as the Success is a Job in New York, and women's shoes. He also drew advertising for various magazines, including Vogue, Harper's Bazzar, book jackets, and holiday greeting cards. [PAR] During the 1950s, he moved to an apartment on East 75th Street. His mother moved in with him, and Fritizie Miller become his agent. In 1952, his first solo exhibition was held at Hugo Gallery, New York, of drawings to illustrate stories by Truman Capote . He started illustrating books, beginning with Amy Vanderbilt's Complete Book of Etiquette. Around 1953-1955, he worked for a theater group on the Lower East Side, and designs sets. It is around that time that he dyed his hair silver. Warhol published several books, including Twenty Five Cats Named Sam, and One Blue Pussy. In 1956, he traveled around the world with Charles Lisanby , a television-set designer. In April of this year, he was included in his first group exhibition, Recent Drawings USA, held at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. He began receiving accolades for his work, with the 35th Annual Art Directors Club Award for Distinctive Merit, for an I.Miller shoe advertisement. He published In The Bottom Of My Garden later that year. In 1957, received 36th Annual Art Directors Club Medal and Award of Distinctive Merit, for the I.Miller show advertisements, and Life Magazine published his illustrations for an article, \"Crazy Golden Slippers\". [PAR] In 1960, Warhol began to make his first paintings. They were based on comic strips in the likes of Dick Tracy, Popeye, Superman, and two of Coca-Cola bottles. In 1961, using the Dick Tracy comic strip, he designed a window display for Lord & Taylor, at this time, major art galleries around the nation begin noticing his work. In 1962, Warhol made paintings of dollar bills and Campbell soup cans, and his work was included in an important exhibition of pop art, The New Realists, held at Sidney Janis Gallery, New York. In November of this year, Elanor Ward showed his paintings at Stable Gallery, and the exhibition began a sensation. In 1963, he rented a studio in a firehouse on East 87th Street. He met his assistant, Gerard Malanga , and started making his first film, Tarzan and Jane Regained... Sort of (1964). Later, he drove to Los Angeles for his second exhibition"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chic\u2019s Blondie | The Comics Journal Chic\u2019s Blondie | The Comics Journal [PAR] BY R.C. Harvey Sep 13, 2012 [PAR] Blondie, Chic Young\u2019s monument to syndicated newspaper comics, began as a \u201cflapper\u201d strip about a dizzy young blonde named, with unrelenting perspicacity, Blondie. This was Young\u2019s fourth pretty girl strip: starting October 31, 1921, he\u2019d done The Affairs of Jane at N.E.A. for six months until March 18, 1922; and then he\u2019d come to New York and done Beautiful Bab for Bell Syndicate for almost a year (July 10, 1922 \u2013 April 14, 1923) before joining the King Features art department in 1923 and, after a suitable apprenticeship, creating Dumb Dora on June 30, 1924. Dora proved popular enough to last longer than its forerunners, and when the 1929 stock market crash wiped out his savings, Young, thinking he had leverage, lobbied for more money. [PAR] But he met immediately a parsimonious obstacle in Joseph V. Connolly, King\u2019s energetic and imaginative general manager, who was not inclined in the direction of salary increases. Young threatened to quit; Connolly still resisted. So Young packed himself and his wife off to the French Riviera to make his point. When Connolly wired, pleading him to return, Young consented\u2014but only for a bigger piece of the action and ownership of the new strip he would concoct. Connolly agreed, provided Young could come up with an acceptable creation. Returning to New York, Young spent the summer of 1930 devising a new strip. It was yet another pretty girl feature so it couldn\u2019t have taken that much devising, but this one would reign as one of the world\u2019s most widely circulated strips for longer than just about anybody. But, as we shall see anon, it did not achieve this prominence as a pretty girl strip. [PAR] By the time Young got to Blondie, he had honed his drawing style. Although the mannered manikin poses persisted in his renderings of his heroine, his line was a little freer, lighter, better suited for limning Blondie\u2019s lithe winsome figure. His spotting of solid blacks gave the pictures a pleasant, eye-appealing accent, and his deployment of gray tones molded figures as well as imparting visual variety to the passing scenes. And Blondie\u2019s wardrobe had achieved a frilly femininity that Dora\u2019s only hinted at. Some of the daintiness slowly disappeared over the years, but Young and his assistants always turned out a fashionably attired and physically appealing Blondie, perhaps the sexiest comic strip character in the funnies. In the 1950s, the stylistic tropes of Young\u2019s drawings assumed iconic status: it was as unthinkable to alter the number of curls on Blondie\u2019s head as it was to eliminate Dagwood\u2019s antenna. The characters in the strip were always severely \u201con model.\u201d But Blondie\u2019s figure had expanded somewhat: as Liberty Meadows\u2019 Frank Cho observed (while fighting to preserve Brandy\u2019s figure), Blondie\u2019s bust was the stuff of Playboy dreams. [PAR] As a limner of the curvaceous gender, Young had unlikely roots. Although born in Chicago in 1901, he grew up in south St. Louis where his family moved early in the century. The south side of St. Louis was an enclave of German-Americans so Chic\u2019s Lutheran father, a shoe salesman, felt at home, and his children inherited such stolid Teutonic neighborhood traits as stubbornness, dedication, and frugality. Nothing artistic inherent in that mix, but art dominated in the family milieu. Chic\u2019s mother was a painter who encouraged artistic expression in her children. Her daughter was a commercial artist before she married; Chic\u2019s older brother, Lyman, would make a life\u2019s work out of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Al Capp (Cartoonist) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Al Capp (Cartoonist) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Show Less [PAR] In early 1932, Capp hitchhiked to New York City. \u2026 Read More [PAR] He lived in \"airless rat holes\" in Greenwich Village and turned out advertising strips at $2 apiece while scouring the city hunting for jobs. He eventually found work at the Associated Press when he was 23 years old. Read Less [PAR] By March 1932, Capp was drawing Colonel Gilfeather, a single-panel, AP-owned property created in 1930 by Dick Dorgan. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Capp changed the focus and title to Mister Gilfeather, but soon grew to hate the feature. Read Less [PAR] He left the Associated Press in September 1932. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Before leaving, he met Milton Caniff, and the two became lifelong friends. Capp moved to Boston and married Catherine Wingate Cameron, whom he had met earlier in art class. She died in 2006 at the age of 96. Read Less [PAR] 1933 23 Years Old Leaving his new wife with her parents in Amesbury, Massachusetts, he subsequently returned to New York in 1933, in the midst of the Great Depression. \"I was 23, I carried a mass of drawings, and I had nearly five dollars in my pocket. \u2026 Read More [PAR] People were sleeping in alleys then, willing to work at anything.\" There he met Ham Fisher, who hired him to ghost on Joe Palooka. During one of Fisher's extended vacations, Capp's Joe Palooka story arc introduced a stupid, coarse, oafish mountaineer named \"Big Leviticus,\" a crude prototype. (Leviticus was actually much closer to Capp's later villains Lem and Luke Scragg, than to the much more appealing and innocent Li'l Abner.) <br /><br /> Also during this period, Capp was working at night on samples for the strip that would eventually become Li'l Abner. He based his cast of characters on the authentic mountain-dwellers he met while hitchhiking through rural West Virginia and the Cumberland Valley as a teenager. (This was years before the Tennessee Valley Authority Act brought basic utilities like electricity and running water to the region.) Leaving Joe Palooka, Capp sold Li'l Abner to United Feature Syndicate (now known as United Media). The feature was launched on Monday, August 13, 1934 in eight North American newspapers\u00e2\u0080\u0094including the New York Mirror\u00e2\u0080\u0094and was an immediate success. Alfred G. Caplin eventually became \"Al Capp\" because the syndicate felt the original would not fit in a cartoon frame. Capp had it changed legally in 1949. Read Less [PAR] 1934 24 Years Old \u2026 [PAR] The strip's popularity grew from an original eight papers, to ultimately more than 900. At its peak, Li'l Abner was estimated to have been read daily by 60 to 70 million Americans (the U.S. population at the time was only 180 million), with adult readers far outnumbering children. Many communities, high schools and colleges staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. <br /><br />Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \u00e2\u0080\u009cWhich side does Abner part his hair on?,\" Capp would answer, \u00e2\u0080\u009cBoth.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Capp said he finally found the right \"look\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936). Read Less [PAR] In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put one on Daisy Mae in 1934."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold Gray, Original Creator of Little Orphan Annie Harold Gray, Original Creator of Little Orphan Annie [PAR] Harold Gray, Original Creator of Little Orphan Annie [PAR] May 30, 2010 [PAR] [PAR] Oval, blank eyes look back from the page at the reader, not giving any sense of the spunk that took Annie safely from one adventure to another. Harold Gray debuted Little Orphan Annie in 1924, a little girl that captured comics readers' hearts. After 85 years, Annie retired from print on June 13, 2010, but that girl is not finished with the limelight just yet... [PAR] [PAR] Born in Kankakee, Ilinois on January 20, 1894, Harold Lincoln Gray grew up apparently interested in science. In 1917, he earned a Bachelor of Science engineering degree from Perdue University. A Lafayette newspaper gave Gray his first job out of school, then the young man was detoured by a stint in the army as a bayonet instructor during World War One. [PAR] After the war, Gray accepted a job with the Chicago Tribune's art department at $15 week salary. He moved up to an assistant post with \"The Gumps\" cartoonist, Sydney Smith. Gray also began developing strip ideas of his own, submitting and receiving rejections for four years, said William Dunn in Ron Goulart's The Encyclopedia of American Comics, from 1897 to the Present (Promised Land Productions, New York 1990). [PAR] [PAR] Gray created an adventure strip with a sturdy, brave child hero called Little Orphan Otto, and submitted the comic strip to Captain Joseph Medill Patterson, then editor with the Chicago Tribune Syndicate. The cartoonist's strength was not in the art - his drawings were considered stiff, primitive and without grace - but he was a true master at telling a story. Captain Patterson told Gray to make the lead character a girl instead, and the strip was accepted into syndication. [PAR] Debuting in newspapers on August 5, 1924, Little Orphan Annie featured a girl struggling in the classic rags-to-riches tale, with a big dose of the cartoonist's political views added. After offending several newspapers and having the strips removed, Gray learned to temper his \"strongly conservative views\", but said Dunn, \"the strip was often controversial.\" [PAR] [PAR] After a few weeks in print, Gray added a character that would take on a life of his own. \"Oliver Daddy Warbucks\" adopted Annie from the Orphanage. The good life for Annie would only last for a while, then she was in danger or on a grand adventure. Fending for herself in the big world with her dog, Sandy, Annie always kept a bright outlook until she got herself out of the mess and found her adoptive father again. [PAR] The Little Orphan Annie comic strip was so popular with readers that on one occasion when the instalment was left out of the daily newspaper, the error \"caused more rumpus on the Tribune switchboard than a world war, a big league baseball game or the bombing of the post office,\" said Phil Rosenthal in the Chicago Tribune, May 12, 2010. [PAR] [PAR] The success of Little Orphan Annie enabled Gray to syndicate another comic strip, \"Maw Green\". In it, Gray made statements on life and politics from an Irish point of view. \"Maw Green\" ran until Gray died in 1968. (Gray was against gas rationing, welfare, income taxes and other policies of the day.) [PAR] Knowing his artistic skills were unusual for a cartoonist, Gray siad, I know what I want and do the best I can.\" The blank eyes of characters in Little Orphan Annie almost became Gray's signature, leaving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Project MUSE - Elizabeth Barrett Browning\u2019s Dog Days Project MUSE - Elizabeth Barrett Browning\u2019s Dog Days [PAR] Elizabeth Barrett Browning\u2019s Dog Days [PAR] Kevin A. Morrison (bio) [PAR] Abstract [PAR] Nineteenth-century female poets frequently wrote about their pets. A pervasive tendency among contemporary critics has been to dismiss these poems as engaged in the conventions of mawkish, sentimental anthropomorphism that modernist writers, lauded for inaugurating a process of seriously rethinking human and nonhuman animal relations in terms of reciprocity and responsibility, are seen to debunk. This view has forestalled any real analysis of how Victorian women writers themselves, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning in particular, actively inquired into the epistemology and phenomenology of love across the species divide. This paper argues that Barrett Browning\u2019s poems about\u2014and frequent references in her letters to\u2014her cocker spaniel Flush, which have frequently been looked on with embarrassment by literary critics and biographers alike, are actually contiguous with the theoretical concerns about love, kinship, and intimacy that occupy much of her literary and epistolary output. [PAR] Critics and biographers of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, although rarely invoking Sigmund Freud, often draw loosely on the psychoanalytic category of substitution when recounting key details of her life. 1 According to this line of thinking, her brother Edward (or \u201cBro,\u201d as she affectionately called him) constitutes the prototype of every subsequent relationship she entered into after his drowning in 1840 at the age of thirty-three off the southern coast of Devonshire. There is, of course, much evidence for this assertion. Barrett frequently defined her relationship with Bro in terms of harmony and organic wholeness. \u201cThere was no harsh word, no unkind look\u201d from her brother throughout her life, she once recounted; \u201cA leaf never shook till the tree fell. The shade was over me softly till it fell.\u201d 2 The poet considered Bro her \u201cbest beloved\u201d and her \u201cfirst and chiefest affection\u201d; she loved him \u201cbest in the world beyond comparison and rivalship\u201d and received from him nothing but \u201cthe tenderest affection.\u201d 3 Hence, critics have repeatedly concluded that in every subsequent relationship, Barrett attempted to find a suitable replacement for the lost object of her affections. 4 [PAR] Enter Mary Russell Mitford and her cocker spaniel Flush. Four years before Bro\u2019s drowning, Mitford was already providing Barrett with a sounding board for her ideas and serving as an increasingly significant source of moral and intellectual support. After Bro\u2019s death, Mitford was in a position to help Barrett \u201cturn again to life and to high poetic aspirations.\u201d 5 Dorothy Mermin has pointed out that \u201cMiss Mitford gave her young friend what she needed: flowers, . . . letters full of warmth and affection and the daily bustle of life, and literary encouragement.\u201d 6 Perhaps the greatest gift that Mitford gave Barrett, however, was the puppy of her own dog, each bearing the name Flush. Margaret Forster remarks that \u201cMitford empathised completely with [Barrett\u2019s] anguish\u201d over Bro\u2019s death and believed that the cocker spaniel would provide, \u201cif not anything as insulting as distraction, an outlet for her distress, [and] some tangible comfort.\u201d 7 In such accounts, Flush becomes a substitute for \u201cthe tenderest affection[s]\u201d Barrett received from and showered on Bro: \u201cEven when perfectly aware that she was being faintly ridiculous Elizabeth could not restrain herself: all the demonstrative love of which she was capable gushed out over Flush.\u201d 8 Peter Dally similarly remarks that although her \u201closs was irreparable\u201d and \u201cno one could take [End Page 93] Bro\u2019s place,\u201d Barrett \u201cnow had a companion who spent much of his time on her bed.\u201d 9 [PAR] Flush, on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Browning: Poems E-Text | Notes | GradeSaver Robert Browning: Poems E-Text | Notes | GradeSaver [PAR] The poem tells in detail an actual incident, and was written as a protest against vivisection. [PAR] 3. =Sir Olaf=. A conventional name in romances of mediaeval chivalry. [PAR] 6. A satire upon Byronism. Manfred and Childe Harold are heroes of this type. [PAR] Note the abruptness and vigor of the style. Where does it seem effective? Where unduly harsh? Why does the poet welcome the third bard? What things does the poem satirize? [PAR] INCIDENT OF THE FRENCH CAMP. (PAGE 17.) [PAR] The incident is real, except that the actual hero was a man, not a boy. [PAR] 1. =Ratisbon= (German Regensburg). A city in Austria, stormed by Napoleon in 1809. [PAR] 11. =Lannes=. Duke of Montebello, a general in Napoleon's army. [PAR] 20. This sentence is incomplete. The idea is begun anew in line 23. [PAR] What two ideals are contrasted in Napoleon and the boy? By what means is sympathy turned from one to the other? Show how rapidity and vividness are given to the story. [PAR] HOW THEY BROUGHT THE GOOD NEWS FROM GHENT TO AIX. (PAGE 19.) [PAR] Browning thus explains the origin of the poem: \"There is no sort of historical foundation about Good News from Ghent. I wrote it under the bulwark of a vessel off the African coast, after I had been at sea long enough to appreciate even the fancy of a gallop on the back of a certain good horse 'York,' then in my stable, at home.\" It would require a skilful imagination to create a set of circumstances which could give any other plausible reason for the ride to \"save Aix from her fate.\" [PAR] 14. =Lokeren=. Twelve miles from Ghent. [PAR] 15. =Boom=. Sixteen miles from Lokeren. [PAR] 16. =Dueffeld=. Twelve miles from Boom. [PAR] 17. 19, 31, etc. =Mecheln= (Fr. Malines), =Aershot=, =Hasselt=, etc. The reader may trace the direction and length of the ride in any large atlas. Minute examinations of the route are, however, of no special value. [PAR] Note the rapidity of narration and the galloping movement of the verse; the time of starting, and the anxious attention to the time as the journey proceeds. How are we given a sense of the effort and distress of the horses? How do we see Roland gradually emerging as the hero? Where is the climax of the story? Note, especially, the power or beauty of lines 2, 5, 7, 15, 23, 25, 39, 40, 47, 51-53, 54-56. [PAR] HERVE RIEL. (PAGE 22.) [PAR] (Published in the Cornhill Magazine, 1871. Browning gave the L100 received for the poem to the fund for the relief of the people of Paris, who were starving after the siege of 1870.) [PAR] The cause of James II., who had been removed from the English throne in 1688, and succeeded by William and Mary, was taken up by the French. The story is strictly historical, except that Herve Riel asked a holiday for the rest of his life. [PAR] 5. =St. Malo on the Rance=. On the northern coast of France, in Brittany. See any large atlas. [PAR] 43. =pressed=. Forced to enter service in the navy. [PAR] 44. =Croisickese=. A native of Croisic, in Brittany. Browning has used the legends of Croisic for poetic material in his Gold Hair of Pornic and in The Two Poets of Croisic. [PAR] 46. =Malouins=. Inhabitants of St. Malo. [PAR] 135. =The Louvre=. The great palace and art gallery of Paris. [PAR] Note the suggestion of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] L. Frank Baum | Oz Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia L. Frank Baum | Oz Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] THE ROYAL HISTORIAN OF OZ [PAR] \"Never give into despair, for behind every gloomy cloud, there is a bright Rainbow...\" [PAR] \u2015Lyman Frank Baum R.I.P [PAR] Dorothy Toto and their three comrades travel to the Emerald City. Illustrated by W. W. Denslow 1900 [PAR] L. Frank Baum (15 May 1856 \u2013 6 May 1919) was an American stage performer, actor, poet and independent filmmaker best known as the creator, along with illustrator W. W. Denslow , of one of the most popular books ever written in American children's literature, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , better known today as simply The Wizard of Oz. He named himself Royal Historian of Oz and wrote thirteen sequels , nine other fantasy novels , and a plethora of other works, and made numerous attempts to bring his works to the stage and screen. [PAR] The Original 14 Classic Oz Books by Baum All In Order. [PAR] Baum would become an iconic figure in story telling. He is responsible for giving a very special gift of spellbinding magic and comort to millions of people from all over the world. Decades later people still could not forget nor resist from falling under his spell and in love with his fictional creations of Wicked Witches, magic shoes and flying Monkeys. An entrancing phenomenon, even over one hundred years after his Death. Baum is a legend in literature, and best known as the man who wrote and told the very first American Fairytale; The Wonderful Wizard of Oz of 1900. [PAR] Baum's childhood and early life [PAR] The Royal Historian of Oz! [PAR] Frank was born in Chittenango, New York, into a devout Methodist family of German (father's side) and Scots-Irish (mother's side) origin, the seventh of nine children born to Cynthia Stanton and Benjamin Ward Baum , only five of whom survived into adulthood. He was named \"Lyman\" after his father's brother, but always disliked this name, and preferred to go by \"Frank\". His mother, Cynthia Stanton, was a direct descendant of Thomas Stanton, one of the four Founders of what is now Stonington, Connecticut. [PAR] Benjamin Baum was a wealthy businessman, who had made his fortune in the oil fields of Pennsylvania. Frank grew up on his parents' expansive estate, Rose Lawn, which he always remembered fondly as a sort of paradise. As a young child Frank was tutored at home with his siblings , but at the age of 12 he was sent to study at Peekskill Military Academy. Frank was a sickly child given to daydreaming, and his parents may have thought he needed toughening up. But after two utterly miserable years at the military academy, he was allowed to return home. Frank Joslyn Baum claimed that this was following an incident described as a heart attack, though there is no contemporary evidence of this. [PAR] A younger L. Frank Baum. [PAR] Frank started writing at an early age, perhaps due to an early fascination with printing. His father bought him a cheap printing press, and Frank used it to produce The Rose Lawn Home Journal with the help of his younger brother, Harry Clay Baum, with whom he had always been close. The brothers published several issues of the journal and included advertisements they may have sold. By the time he was 17, Baum had established a second amateur journal, The Stamp Collector, printed an 11-page pamphlet called Baum's Complete Stamp Dealers' Directory, and started a stamp"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Feature Articles - National Geographic Magazine National Geographic Magazine - NGM.com [PAR] Published: September 2015 [PAR] How a Remote Peak in Myanmar Nearly Broke an Elite Team of Climbers [PAR] On one of mountaineering\u2019s most dangerous journeys, group was pushed to the limit by physical and mental challenges. [PAR] By Mark Jenkins [PAR] Photographs by Cory Richards [PAR] Photograph above by Renan Ozturk [PAR] The wind slams into me, and I desperately grip my ice axes to keep from being ripped off the mountain face. I push my head against the snow, calm myself, and look down. Beneath my crampons is a 5,000-foot drop. It\u2019s like looking down from the open door of an airplane. I am roped to my two companions, with nothing attaching us to the mountain. A fall here would send all three of us plummeting to our death. [PAR] When the wind subsides, I pound an aluminum stake into the snow and clip the rope to it. It wouldn\u2019t hold if I were to fall but gives me enough psychological comfort to continue. I concentrate, methodically swinging my ice tools and kicking my crampons. At a rock rampart I place an anchor and belay my partners, Cory Richards and Renan Ozturk, across the chasm. [PAR] \u201cNice lead, dude!\u201d Cory shouts above the roar of the wind when he arrives. He climbs onward, slanting left, searching for a passage up through the granite and snow. When Renan reaches me, there is no room on my ledge, so he traverses out to his own perch. Cory carefully tiptoes the teeth of his crampons along a thin ledge above us and disappears from sight. [PAR] Renan and I wait, hunched against the wind. We stomp our feet and painfully slap our gloved hands. We are too far apart to talk. We just stand there, together but alone, on the side of the snow-plastered cliff more than three miles in the sky. After a half hour we begin to freeze. After an hour we can no longer feel our fingers or toes. \u201cI can\u2019t take it anymore,\u201d Renan yells through his frozen beard. \u201cMy feet are gone. I have to start moving.\u201d [PAR] We don\u2019t know what Cory is doing above us, but we\u2019re so cold it doesn\u2019t matter. Renan starts climbing, then I follow. We\u2019re all still roped together, so it\u2019s crucial that none of us fall. The rope is supposed to be secured to the mountain to catch a fall, but mortal predicaments like this happen often in mountaineering. When there are no good anchors, your partners become your anchors, physically and emotionally. You must trust your life to their judgment and ability, and they entrust their lives to yours. This is the code of the mountains. [PAR] Stretched to the limit, the team\u2014which included (left to right) videographer Renan Ozturk, author Mark Jenkins, photographer Cory Richards, climber Emily Harrington, and expedition leader Hilaree O\u2019Neill\u2014began running low on food on the hike out. \u201cNone of us anticipated we\u2019d get that strung out,\u201d says Cory. [PAR] Renan and I halt in a small rock recess overlooking the north face of the mountain. Through blowing spindrift we can see Cory traversing another expanse of snow. It is too dangerous for Renan and me to keep moving. Again, we must wait. We huddle close, but we\u2019re still freezing. The wind swirls around our bodies, howling and biting at us like invisible hyenas. \u201cMy feet are turnaround cold,\u201d Renan says. What he means is that they\u2019re close to frostbite. [PAR] I wonder, for at least the tenth time on this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] Bible Trivia questions and answers. [PAR] How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? [PAR] A. Three days and three nights. [PAR] Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? [PAR] A. Because \"not\" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it \"Thou shalt commit adultery.\" [PAR] The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? [PAR] A. The Book of Esther. [PAR] What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? [PAR] A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. [PAR] Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? [PAR] A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. [PAR] For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? [PAR] A. The Beatles' first appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show.\" [PAR] According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? [PAR] A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. [PAR] How old was Moses when he died? [PAR] A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). [PAR] How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? [PAR] A. \"Six cubits and a span,\" [PAR] What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? [PAR] A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). [PAR] What is the longest name in the Bible? [PAR] A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). [PAR] In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? [PAR] A. War (Book of Revelation). [PAR] How many books of the Bible are named for women? [PAR] A. Ruth and Esther. [PAR] What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? [PAR] A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. [PAR] In the Bible, for what \"price\" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? [PAR] A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). [PAR] What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? [PAR] A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). [PAR] In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? [PAR] A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). [PAR] What bird is named for the apostle Peter? [PAR] A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or \"Peter,\" in Latin. [PAR] What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. [PAR] A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means \"the city of peace\" in Hebrew. [PAR] In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? [PAR] A. Joshua."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] Bible Trivia questions and answers. [PAR] How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? [PAR] A. Three days and three nights. [PAR] Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? [PAR] A. Because \"not\" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it \"Thou shalt commit adultery.\" [PAR] The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? [PAR] A. The Book of Esther. [PAR] What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? [PAR] A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. [PAR] Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? [PAR] A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. [PAR] For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? [PAR] A. The Beatles' first appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show.\" [PAR] According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? [PAR] A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. [PAR] How old was Moses when he died? [PAR] A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). [PAR] How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? [PAR] A. \"Six cubits and a span,\" [PAR] What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? [PAR] A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). [PAR] What is the longest name in the Bible? [PAR] A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). [PAR] In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? [PAR] A. War (Book of Revelation). [PAR] How many books of the Bible are named for women? [PAR] A. Ruth and Esther. [PAR] What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? [PAR] A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. [PAR] In the Bible, for what \"price\" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? [PAR] A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). [PAR] What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? [PAR] A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). [PAR] In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? [PAR] A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). [PAR] What bird is named for the apostle Peter? [PAR] A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or \"Peter,\" in Latin. [PAR] What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. [PAR] A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means \"the city of peace\" in Hebrew. [PAR] In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? [PAR] A. Joshua.[DOC] [TLE] Did You Know - Daedpa.com Did You Know [PAR] Did You Know [PAR] Liquid oxygen is an explosive. [PAR] Never dip flammable materials into liquid oxygen because flammable materials that are soaked in liquid oxygen turn into powerful explosives when lit. Apollo 1 was full of Velcro - and full of pure liquid oxygen."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] Bible Trivia questions and answers. [PAR] How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? [PAR] A. Three days and three nights. [PAR] Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? [PAR] A. Because \"not\" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it \"Thou shalt commit adultery.\" [PAR] The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? [PAR] A. The Book of Esther. [PAR] What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? [PAR] A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. [PAR] Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? [PAR] A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. [PAR] For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? [PAR] A. The Beatles' first appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show.\" [PAR] According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? [PAR] A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. [PAR] How old was Moses when he died? [PAR] A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). [PAR] How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? [PAR] A. \"Six cubits and a span,\" [PAR] What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? [PAR] A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). [PAR] What is the longest name in the Bible? [PAR] A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). [PAR] In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? [PAR] A. War (Book of Revelation). [PAR] How many books of the Bible are named for women? [PAR] A. Ruth and Esther. [PAR] What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? [PAR] A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. [PAR] In the Bible, for what \"price\" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? [PAR] A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). [PAR] What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? [PAR] A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). [PAR] In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? [PAR] A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). [PAR] What bird is named for the apostle Peter? [PAR] A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or \"Peter,\" in Latin. [PAR] What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. [PAR] A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means \"the city of peace\" in Hebrew. [PAR] In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? [PAR] A. Joshua.[DOC] [TLE] 1 Samuel 17 NIV - David and Goliath - Now the Philistines ... 1 Samuel 17 NIV - David and Goliath - Now the Philistines - Bible Gateway [PAR] 1 Samuel 17New International Version (NIV) [PAR] David and Goliath [PAR] 17 Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Sokoh in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] Bible Trivia questions and answers. [PAR] How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? [PAR] A. Three days and three nights. [PAR] Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? [PAR] A. Because \"not\" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it \"Thou shalt commit adultery.\" [PAR] The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? [PAR] A. The Book of Esther. [PAR] What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? [PAR] A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. [PAR] Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? [PAR] A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. [PAR] For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? [PAR] A. The Beatles' first appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show.\" [PAR] According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? [PAR] A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. [PAR] How old was Moses when he died? [PAR] A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). [PAR] How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? [PAR] A. \"Six cubits and a span,\" [PAR] What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? [PAR] A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). [PAR] What is the longest name in the Bible? [PAR] A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). [PAR] In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? [PAR] A. War (Book of Revelation). [PAR] How many books of the Bible are named for women? [PAR] A. Ruth and Esther. [PAR] What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? [PAR] A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. [PAR] In the Bible, for what \"price\" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? [PAR] A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). [PAR] What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? [PAR] A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). [PAR] In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? [PAR] A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). [PAR] What bird is named for the apostle Peter? [PAR] A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or \"Peter,\" in Latin. [PAR] What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. [PAR] A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means \"the city of peace\" in Hebrew. [PAR] In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? [PAR] A. Joshua."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] TRIVIA - THE BIBLE [PAR] Bible Trivia questions and answers. [PAR] How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? [PAR] A. Three days and three nights. [PAR] Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? [PAR] A. Because \"not\" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it \"Thou shalt commit adultery.\" [PAR] The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? [PAR] A. The Book of Esther. [PAR] What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? [PAR] A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. [PAR] Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? [PAR] A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. [PAR] For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? [PAR] A. The Beatles' first appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show.\" [PAR] According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? [PAR] A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. [PAR] How old was Moses when he died? [PAR] A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). [PAR] How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? [PAR] A. \"Six cubits and a span,\" [PAR] What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? [PAR] A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). [PAR] What is the longest name in the Bible? [PAR] A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). [PAR] In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? [PAR] A. War (Book of Revelation). [PAR] How many books of the Bible are named for women? [PAR] A. Ruth and Esther. [PAR] What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? [PAR] A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. [PAR] In the Bible, for what \"price\" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? [PAR] A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). [PAR] What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? [PAR] A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). [PAR] In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? [PAR] A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). [PAR] What bird is named for the apostle Peter? [PAR] A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or \"Peter,\" in Latin. [PAR] What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. [PAR] A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means \"the city of peace\" in Hebrew. [PAR] In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? [PAR] A. Joshua."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sarah, Sarai, Sara - All the Women of the Bible - Bible ... Sarah, Sarai, Sara - All the Women of the Bible - Bible Gateway [PAR] Sarah, Sarai, Sara [PAR] The Woman Who Became Mother of Nations [PAR] Scripture References\u2014 Genesis 11:29-31; 12:5-17; 16:1-8; 17:15-21; 18; 20:2-18; 21:1-12; 23:1-19; 24:36, 37; 25:10, 12; 49:31; Isaiah 51:2; Romans 4:19; 9:9; Hebrews 11:11; 1 Peter 3:6 [PAR] Name Meaning\u2014Among the classified names of the Bible are those known as sacramental names, and are so-called because they were names given by God Himself, or under His inspiration in association with a particular promise, covenant or declaration of His, as to the character, destiny or mission of those distinctly named. Thus a sacramental name became a sign and seal of an established covenant between God and the recipient of such a name. Two Bible characters bearing sacramental names are Abraham and Sarah, both of which signify the gracious purposes and promises of God. [PAR] The wife of the patriarch was originally known as Sarai, meaning \u201cprincely\u201d or \u201ca princess.\u201d Elsdon C. Smith suggests it may signify \u201ccontentious\u201d or \u201cquarrelsome,\u201d but was changed, not accidentally, or by the whim of the bearer, but by God Himself that it might be a sign of His purpose, into Sarah, implying the princess, a princess or princesses, the source of nations and kings. Sarah or \u201cchieftainness,\u201d the feminine of Sar, meaning a \u201ccaptain\u201d or \u201ccommander\u201d is repeatedly used in this sense as a common noun as, for instance, by Isaiah who renders it \u201cqueen\u201d ( Isaiah 49:23 ). It has been observed that among ancient Jews there was a sort of a cabalistic translation that \u201cthe Hebrew letter yod signifies the creative power of God in nature, while the letter hay symbolizes the state of grace\u2014that state into which Sarah had entered after receiving the covenanted promises.\u201d The promise of ancestorship of many nations came with the change of the name of Sarai to Sarah. \u201cI will bless her and she shall become nations.\u201d She was thus associated with her husband in the great blessing of the covenant whose name was also changed from Abram to Abraham. The former, original name means a \u201chigh, or honored father,\u201d the latter, \u201ca father of many nations.\u201d The Apocrypha speaks of Abraham as \u201ca great father of a multitude of nations\u201d ( Ecclesiasticus 44:19-21 ). [PAR] The root idea of Sarah means \u201cto rule,\u201d and fits the personality of the bearer. It was a name intended as a seal of the promise given to Abraham, \u201ckings of peoples shall be of her.\u201d Paul has an allegorical reference to Sarah as one who typified the gospel dispensation, \u201cJerusalem which is above ... which is the mother of us all\u201d ( Galatians 4:26 ). Thus, Sarah was to be the princess, not only \u201cbecause she was to be the ancestress of a great nation literally, of many nations spiritually, but also because the rank and power were to be possessed by her descendants, or rather because the people descended from her were to be ruled over by a regal dynasty, by a succession of kings of their own race and lineage, is derived from her.\u201d In the genealogy of the descendants of Esau, Sarah\u2019s grandson we read, \u201cThese are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.\u201d The line of kings descended from Sarah terminated in God\u2019s Anointed One, the Messiah, whose \u201ckingdom is not of this world.\u201d The sacramental name of Sarah, therefore, also symbolizes the spiritual seed,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catalogue and List of Divine Titles of God - Bible Catalogue and List of Divine Titles of God [PAR] Catalogue and List of Divine Titles of God [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The following will send shivers up the spine of every Jehovah's Witness! To their horror, the divine name underwent change and development. [PAR] \"God spoke further to Moses and said to him, \"I am the Lord; and I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as God Almighty, but by My name, Lord, I did not make Myself known to them.\" (Exodus 6:2-3) From Adam to Moses, God's name was \"El-Shaddai\" (God Almighty). From Moses to Christ, God's name was YHWH (Yahweh or Jehovah). For Christians the name of God is JESUS! \"And there is salvation in no one else; for there is no other name under heaven that has been given among men by which we must be saved.\" (Acts 4:12) Certainly the Jews never foresaw the time when YHWH would no longer be used as the name for God and it would be replace with Jesus! But actually, in God's providence, the Jews were actually part of the change. The Septuagint was a translation in 250 BC from the Hebrew Old Testament by 70 scholars into Greek. They translated YHWH as LORD (Kurios). It was no mistake that the Holy Spirit Himself continued in this tradition in the New Testament. God ordained that YHWH would never once be found in the original Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. Of course the New World Translation (sectarian paraphrase used only by JW's) adds YHWH into the English New Testament where never found in the underlying Greek. The Watchtower has actually added to the word of God and will be punished according to the curses of Revelation for doing such! Meanwhile, thousands of Jehovah's Witnesses are also deceived. [PAR] [PAR] Primary Old Testament Names For God: [PAR] English [PAR] Gen 2:4; 15:2; Ex 6:3 [PAR] Lord [PAR] YH (Yah) (abbreviated form of Yahweh) 49x [PAR] Psalm 68:4 [PAR] I Am That I Am [PAR] Eheyeh asher Eheyeh 1x [PAR] El-Shaddai (Might of the Powerful Ones) [PAR] Genesis 17:1 [PAR] Cela (craig) Tzur (rock or strength) [PAR] Ps 18:2 (used interchangeably) [PAR] YHWH-sabaoth (Lord of Armies) 285x [PAR] 1 Samuel 1:3 [PAR] YHWH-jireh: will see or provide [PAR] Genesis 22:14 [PAR] YHWH-nissi: our banner or victory [PAR] Exodus 17:15 [PAR] YHWH-shammah: Present and available when needed [PAR] Ezekiel 48:35 [PAR] Additional OT Names Of God [PAR] The Name: [HaShem] (Leviticus 24:16) [PAR] God Of Abraham, God Of Isaac, And God Of Jacob: (Exodus 3:15) [PAR] The Great Mighty Awesome God: (Deuteronomy 10:17) [PAR] Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Father Of Eternity, Prince Of Peace: (Isaiah 9:6) [PAR] Father: (Isaiah 64:8) [PAR] Spirit Of God: (Genesis 1:2) [PAR] The Spirit Of The LORD God: (Isaiah 61:1) [PAR] The Spirit Of The LORD, The Spirit Of Wisdom And Understanding, The Spirit Of Counsel and Strength, The Spirit Of Knowledge And The Fear Of The LORD: (Isaiah 11:2) [PAR] Holy One Of Israel: (Psalm 78:41) [PAR] Upright One: (Isaiah 26:7) [PAR] Light Of Israel: (Isaiah 10:17) [PAR] Light To The Nations: (Isaiah 42:6) [PAR] Our Dwelling Place: (Psalm 90:1) [PAR] Fortress: (Psalm 91:2) [PAR] Tower Of Strength: (Psalm 61:3) [PAR] Refuge: (Psalm 46:1) [PAR] Rock Of My Strength: (Psalm 62:7) [PAR] Rock Of Israel: (2 Samuel 23:3) [PAR] Stone: (Psalm 118:22) [PAR] Stone of Israel: (Genesis 49:24) [PAR] Cornerstone: (Psalm 118:22) [PAR] My Portion In The Land Of The Living: (Psalm 142:5) [PAR] The Portion Of My Inheritance: (Psalm 16:5) [PAR] My Cup: (Psalm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In what language was the Bible first written? | Biblica ... In what language was the Bible first written? | Biblica - The International Bible Society [PAR] In what language was the Bible first written? [PAR] In what language was the Bible first written? [PAR] The first human author to write down the biblical record was Moses. He was commanded by God to take on this task, for Exodus 34:27 records God\u2019s words to Moses, \u201cWrite down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.\u201d And what language did he use? He wrote in his native language, called Hebrew. [PAR] Hebrew is one of a group of languages known as the Semitic languages which were spoken throughout that part of the world, then called Mesopotamia, located today mainly in Iraq. Their alphabet consisted of 22 letters, all consonants. (Imagine having an alphabet with no vowels! Much later they did add vowels.) [PAR] During the thousand years of its composition, almost the entire Old Testament was written in Hebrew. But a few chapters in the prophecies of Ezra and Daniel and one verse in Jeremiah were written in a language called Aramaic. This language became very popular in the ancient world and actually displaced many other languages. Aramaic even became the common language spoken in Israel in Jesus\u2019 time, and it was likely the language He spoke day by day. Some Aramaic words were even used by the Gospel writers in the New Testament. [PAR] The New Testament, however, was written in Greek. This seems strange, since you might think it would be either Hebrew or Aramaic. However, Greek was the language of scholarship during the years of the composition of the New Testament from 50 to 100 AD. The fact is that many Jews could not even read Hebrew anymore, and this disturbed the Jewish leaders a lot! So, around 300 BC a translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek was undertaken, and it was completed around 200 BC. Gradually this Greek translation of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint, was widely accepted and was even used in many synagogues. It also became a wonderful missionary tool for the early Christians, for now the Greeks could read God\u2019s Word in their own tongue. [PAR] So the New Testament authors wrote in Greek. They did not, however, use really high-class or classical Greek, but a very common and everyday type of Greek. For many years some scholars ridiculed the Greek of the New Testament because many of its words were strange to those who read the writings of the great Greek classical authors such as Plato and Aristotle. But later many records were uncovered of ordinary people, and amazingly there were the same common terms used in everyday speech! The ridicule dried up accordingly. [PAR] The earliest copies of parts of the Hebrew Old Testament were discovered in 1947. They are part of the famous Dead Sea Scrolls and actually date back to the first century BC. Even though they are at least 900 years older than any parts of the Bible we had before this, they are not the originals. They are copies. The originals have all been lost or destroyed. But we are not at all doubtful that we may not have the original text. Copying by scribes was done with great care in those days and because the text was regarded as sacred, the copyists were extremely painstaking. Today some 5000 hand-copied documents exist of all or part of the Bible, and they agree"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Population Since Creation - ldolphin.org World Population Since Creation [PAR] World Population Since Creation [PAR] Display created by Ed Stephan http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/ [PAR] The Antediluvian World [PAR] Genesis 4 and 5 records the history of the Antediluvian world in a highly condensed account. From the genealogical list, which is probably complete without any gaps, the time between Adam and the flood of Noah---which occurred when the latter was 600 years old---can be calculated to be almost exactly 1656 years. If one takes Barry Setterfield's chronology as more accurate, the time period from Adam to the Flood was 2256 years. [PAR] During this time period, man was much healthier than he is now; the gene pool, less corrupted by subsequent harmful mutations and other defects; and the environment on earth, was much more favorable to good health and long life, as can be seen by the recorded pre-flood longevities. [PAR] While classical evolutionary theory presupposes earth's early atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere (devoid of Oxygen) newer scientific evidence confirms what Bible scholars had previously suspected: the earth's ancient atmosphere probably contained a larger fraction of oxygen than it does at present. It is even possible that photosynthesis in plant life was more efficient than it is now. A warmer average climate in ancient times would also mean a higher rate of oxygen generation by the more numerous plant life. [PAR] At age 65, Enoch became the father of a son whom he named Methuselah, a name which means \"when he dies it (the flood) shall come.\" Enoch went on to walk with God another 300 years and was taken up (\"translated\") into heaven by God without dying. Methuselah survived to age 969, the oldest man who ever lived. True to prediction, the flood came the year Methuselah died. [PAR] Ray C. Stedman in his book [PAR] Understanding Man [PAR] has analyzed the meaning of the names of the descendants in the line of Seth to Noah and gives the following explanation: [PAR] \"a way of escape [for man] is indicated again in a most fascinating way in this chapter by the meaning of the names listed. There is some difference among authorities as to the meaning of these names, depending upon the root from which they are judged to be taken. But one authority gives a most interesting sequence of meanings. The list begins with Seth, which means 'Appointed.' Enosh, his son, means 'Mortal;' and his son, Kenan, means 'Sorrow.' His son Mahalalel, means 'The Blessed God.' He named his boy Jared which means 'Came Down,' and his boy, Enoch, means 'Teaching.' Methuselah, as we saw, means 'His death shall bring;' Lamech means 'Strength,' and Noah, 'Comfort.' Now put that all together: [PAR] God has Appointed that Mortal man shall Sorrow; [PAR] but The Blessed God, Came Down, [PAR] Teaching, that His Death Shall Bring, [PAR] Strength and Comfort. [PAR] \"Is this book (Genesis) from God? God has given you and me a life to watch just as Methuselah's generation watched his. It is your own life. God has written \"Methuselah\" on each one of us. \"His death shall bring it,\" or \"When he dies, it will come.\" How far is it till the end of the world for you? When you die. That is the end of the world. That is the end of man's day. Is it fifty years from now, ten, tomorrow? Who knows? But at any moment, when he dies, it will come.\" [PAR] [PAR] Population Growth Estimates [PAR] Growth of world population during various epochs of earth history can be calculated by a well-known"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Solomon | Jewish Virtual Library King Solomon | Jewish Virtual Library [PAR] Tweet [PAR] The biblical King Solomon was known for his wisdom, his wealth and his writings. He became ruler in approximately 967 B.C.E. and his kingdom extended from the Euphrates River in the north to Egypt in the south. His crowning achievement was the building of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem . Almost all knowledge of him is derived from the biblical books of Kings I and Chronicles II . [PAR] Solomon was the son of King David and Bathsheba. Solomon was not the oldest son of David , but David promised Bathsheba that Solomon would be the next king. When David\u0092s elder son Adonijah declared himself king, David ordered his servants to bring Solomon to the Gihon spring where the priest anointed him while David was still alive. Solomon inherited a considerable empire from his father. [PAR] At first Solomon was faced with opposition. Two of David\u0092s closest advisors, Joab son of Zeruiah and the priest Abiathar, sided with Adonijah. When Adonijah came to Solomon and requested the king\u0092s servant as a wife, Solomon saw that this was a veiled threat to take over his kingdom and sent a messenger to kill Adonijah. He banished Abiathar to the city of Anathoth. Solomon then followed his father\u0092s last instructions in which David had ordered him to kill both Joab and one of his father\u0092s enemies, Shimei son of Gera. Solomon thus overcame the last potential threats to his kingdom. He then appointed his friends to key military, governmental and religious posts. [PAR] Solomon accumulated enormous wealth. He controlled the entire region west of the Euphrates and had peace on his borders. Kings I states that he owned 12,000 horses with horsemen and 1,400 chariots. Remains of stalls for 450 horses have in fact been found in Megiddo . Solomon strengthened his kingdom through marital alliances. Kings I records that he had 700 wives and 300 concubines, although some regard this number as an exaggeration.2 He had a large share in the trade between northern and southern countries. He established Israelite colonies around his province to look after military, administrative and commercial matters. The empire was divided into twelve districts, with Judah constituting its own political unit and enjoying certain privileges. [PAR] Although Solomon was young, he soon became known for his wisdom. The first and most famous incident of his cleverness as a judge was when two women came to his court with a baby whom both women claimed as their own. Solomon threatened to split the baby in half. One woman was prepared to accept the decision, but the other begged the King to give the live baby to the other woman. Solomen then knew the second woman was the mother. [PAR] People from surrounding nations also came to hear Solomon\u0092s wisdom. He composed 3,000 proverbs and 1,005 songs. He wrote the Song of Songs, the Book of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. [PAR] One of the most celebrated visits to Solomon was that of the Queen of Sheba, who came from southern Arabia. Historically, Arabia was a country rich in gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Solomon needed Sheba\u0092s products and trade routes; the queen of Sheba needed Solomon\u0092s cooperation in marketing her country\u0092s goods. The queen came to Solomon with camels carrying spices, gold and precious stones. She asked him questions and riddles and was amazed at his wisdom. [PAR] Once Solomon\u0092s empire was tranquil, he began to build the Holy Temple . He received wood from King Hiram of Tyre and imposed a compulsory labor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com [PAR] Gisel questions1 [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? [PAR] horton [PAR] Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? [PAR] lana lang [PAR] What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? [PAR] \"A study in scarlet\" [PAR] To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? [PAR] nathanial hawthorne [PAR] What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? [PAR] phyllis [PAR] Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? [PAR] sebastian melmoth [PAR] What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? [PAR] katie [PAR] How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? [PAR] 24|twenty four [PAR] George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? [PAR] littlee lulu [PAR] What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, \"The Godfather\". even though this word was the working title of the book? [PAR] mafia [PAR] In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? [PAR] lothar [PAR] What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? [PAR] nepoleon [PAR] Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? [PAR] dick tracy [PAR] In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? [PAR] punjab [PAR] The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? [PAR] jaws [PAR] What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? [PAR] mark twain [PAR] The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? [PAR] \"The wonderful wizard of oz\" [PAR] What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? [PAR] catcher in the rye [PAR] In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? [PAR] tony curtis [PAR] O'Hare International airport is in which city? [PAR] chicago [PAR] Rap originated In what country? [PAR] usa|united states [PAR] After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? [PAR] japan [PAR] What was the movie \"Twister \"about? [PAR] tornados [PAR] What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? [PAR] bedrock [PAR] Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? [PAR] 50's|50s|1950s [PAR] American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? [PAR] barcodes|bar codes [PAR] How many carats is pure gold? [PAR] 24|twentyfour|twenty four [PAR] Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? [PAR] charlie sheen [PAR] A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? [PAR] china [PAR] How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? [PAR] 6 days|six days [PAR] RAW Paste Data [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? \"A study in scarlet\" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lana Lang (Character) - Comic Vine Lana Lang (Character) - Comic Vine [PAR] During the events of Millennium , Lana was discovered to be a sleeper agent for The Manhunters . [PAR] First Lady [PAR] Lana marries Pete Ross , and together the pair have a child who they name after Clark Kent. Ross runs alongside Lex Luthor in the latter's bid for the presidency. The pair succeeds, and when Luthor eventually falls from grace, Ross becomes President. Lana thus becomes First Lady. However, her relationship with Ross falls apart, and she begins to romantically pursue Clark Kent again, who resists her advances. She and Ross briefly reconcile. [PAR] CEO of LexCorp [PAR] CEO Lana Lang [PAR] Lana becomes the CEO of LexCorp . While in charge of the company, she presides over the sale of Kryptonite to the government in order to keep LexCorp in the black, as well as overseeing the implantation of a series of Kryptonite caches around the globe designed to defend against Superman going rogue. When confronted by Superman she detonates these Kryptonite caches, creating Kryptonite dirty bombs that fill the air with Kryptonite particles, forcing all Kryptonians to evacuate the planet. She later repents and attempts to aid Superman in a fight against Atlas , and is fired from LexCorp for her efforts, under a section of her contract that explicitly forbids aiding any Kryptonians using LexCorp resources. [PAR] Insect Queen [PAR] Lana grows close to Supergirl , and takes a job at the Daily Planet as the editor for the business section of the paper. Supergirl adopts the identity of Linda Lang, Lana's niece, and the pair move into an apartment together in Metropolis. Lana begins experiencing unexplained health problems, collapsing twice. She goes to a hospital, but apparently dies while in the midst of an operation. However, she is actually becoming the host of the Insect Queen, who takes over the hospital and kidnaps Supergirl in the hopes of using the young woman to create a hybrid army. Supergirl escapes and frees Lana of her possession. The pair briefly have a falling out over Lana's concealing of her condition, but eventually reconcile. [PAR] Powers and Abilities [PAR] In the current continuity, Lana was given powers from the energies given off by Superman as he died. She has the basic power of flight and super-strength, but also a more complex superpower. She can now turn radiation into other forms of energy. Originally, it was thought that she could only absorb solar radiation. However, it was revealed that she could absorb other types of radiation and convert it just as proficiently. Her default use of this ability is to convert the stored radiation into electricity that she uses for different purposes. Her mastery of electrical energies has reached the point where she can channel enough energy to power most of Metropolis. [PAR] In the past continuities, Lana Lang had no exceptional personal powers. She is intelligent and in good health and fitness for a woman her age. She occasionally gained super-human powers, usually during the Silver Age. All these transformations have been impermanent, and she has spent the majority of her life as a normal human. [PAR] Insect Queen [PAR] Silver Age [PAR] Lana Lang as the Insect Queen. Note her \"pump\" shoes in this version of her outfit. Later versions of her outfit replaced those with knee-high white boots. [PAR] During the Silver Age, Lana became the Insect Queen after saving the life of an alien traveler who had been pinned under a tree. In gratitude, the alien gave her a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Round One Jeopardy Template - jeopardylabs.com Round One Jeopardy Template [PAR] The name of Dr. Sieuss's egg-hatching elephant [PAR] 100 [PAR] Well-known Tasmanian-born leading lady who launched her entertainment career under the name of Queenie O'Brien. [PAR] 100 [PAR] What is the kitchen? [PAR] Room in the average American home that is the scene of the greatest number of arguments. [PAR] 100 [PAR] The distance between bases on a little league baseball field. [PAR] 100 [PAR] The part of the brain that regulates physiological stability. [PAR] 200 [PAR] Clark Kent's high school sweetheart [PAR] 200 [PAR] Yves Montand was born in this country. [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is Truth or Consequences? [PAR] Current name of the town that was formerly Hot Springs, New Mexico, that was re-named in 1960 by its citizens in honor of a popular radio show. [PAR] 200 [PAR] First sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics. [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is Les Miserables, by Victor Hugo, with 823 words [PAR] Novel containing the longest sentence in literature [PAR] 300 [PAR] What are George and Michael? Brummel was George Geste was Michael [PAR] The real names of Beau Brummel and Beau Geste. [PAR] 300 [PAR] What are Patience and Fortitude? (Names were given by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia.) [PAR] Names of the two landmark stone lions sitting in front of the New York Public Libaray at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street in New York City. [PAR] 300 [PAR] What is bicycle moto x (cross)? [PAR] In cross-country bike racing, what the initials BMX stand for. [PAR] 300 [PAR] What are hiccups? [PAR] DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!! Term for a series of uncontrollable intakes of air caused by sudden spasms of the diaphragm. [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is The Little Engine That Could? [PAR] Famous book that begins: \"Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff.\" [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who is Peter Lorre? [PAR] Famous actor who prepared for a career in psychiatry - studying and working with pioneer psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler - before he turned to performing. [PAR] 400 [PAR] What are six months? [PAR] Time - in months - the average American motorist spends during his lifetime waiting for red lights to turn green. [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who is Jackie Robinson? (He later gained national fame playing professional baseball.) [PAR] In 1939, the famous American athlete who starred on UCLA's undefeated football team and was the top scorer in the Pacific Coast Conference for basketball. [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is the retina?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herman Melville: A Biography - jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu Herman Melville [PAR] Herman Melville [PAR] Usually ships 2-3 business days after receipt of order. [PAR] Quantity [PAR] Volume 2, 1851-1891 [PAR] Hershel Parker [PAR] Winner of the Association of American Publishers Professional and Scholarly Publishing Award for Biography and Autobiography [PAR] Selected by Choice Magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title for 2003 [PAR] The first volume of Hershel Parker's definitive biography of Herman Melville\u2014a finalist for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize\u2014closed on a mid-November day in 1851. In the dining room of the Little Red Inn in Lenox, Massachusetts, Melville had just presented an inscribed copy of his new novel, Moby-Dick, to his intimate friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne, the man to whom the work was dedicated. \"Take it all in all,\" Parker concluded, \"this was the happiest day of Melville's life.\" [PAR] Herman Melville: A Biography, Volume 2, 1851-1891 chronicles Melville's life in rich detail, from this ecstatic moment to his death, in obscurity, forty years later. Parker describes the malignity of reviewers and sheer bad luck that doomed Moby-Dick to failure (and its author to prolonged indebtedness), the savage reviews he received for his next book Pierre, and his inability to have the novel The Isle of the Cross\u2014now lost\u2014published at all. Melville turned to magazine fiction, writing the now-classic \"Bartleby\" and \"Benito Cereno,\" and produced a final novel, The Confidence Man, a mordant satire of American optimism. Over his last three decades, while working as a customs inspector in Manhattan, Melville painstakingly remade himself as a poet, crafting the centennial epic Clarel, in which he sorted out his complex feelings for Hawthorne, and the masterful story \"Billy Budd,\" originally written as a prose headnote to an unfinished poem. [PAR] Through prodigious archival research into hundreds of family letters and diary entries, newly discovered newspaper articles, and marginalia from books that Melville owned, Parker vividly recreates the last four decades of Melville's life, episode after episode unknown to previous biographers. The concluding volume of Herman Melville: A Biography confirms Hershel Parker's position as the world's leading Melville scholar, demonstrating his unrivaled biographical, literary, and historical imagination and providing a rich new portrait of a great\u2014and profoundly American\u2014artist. [PAR] Hershel Parker is the author of Flawed Texts and Verbal Icons and Reading \"Billy Budd\"; co-editor, with Harrison Hayford, of the landmark 1967 Norton Critical Edition of Moby-Dick, wholly revised in 2001; and Associate General Editor of the Northwestern-Newberry edition of The Writings of Herman Melville. He lives in Morro Bay, California. [PAR] \"Parker's impressive scholarship and a vigorous analysis are cause for celebration. Too often reviewers misuse the word 'definitive'; not so in this case. The meticulous Parker has practically reconstructed Melville's DNA and in doing so has rendered American literature a signal service. Parker recounts Melville's chronic bad luck, epic writing binges, failed lectures, surreal visions and troubled marriage. It's a saga of genius refusing to be derailed. But Parker unearths a plethora of new material, including previously unknown family correspondence and even the title and plot of Melville's long-lost novel, The Isle of the Cross.\" [PAR] \u2014 Douglas Brinkley - Los Angeles Times Book Review [PAR] \"Through prodigious archival research, Parker creates a compelling narrative out of the last forty years of Melville's life, as he struggled with the spectre of failure... It is unlikely that a more searching or truthful biography of Melville will appear in the foreseeable future; the two volumes Parker has now published on one of America's finest writers are not only the fullest account we have of him but, quite probably, the final word.\" [PAR] \u2014"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscar Wilde - Biography - IMDb Oscar Wilde - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Oscar Wilde [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (9) | Personal Quotes (51) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 30 November 1900 , Paris, France (acute meningitis, following an ear infection) [PAR] Birth Name [PAR] Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde [PAR] Height [PAR] 6' 3\" (1.91 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] A gifted poet, playwright and wit, Oscar Wilde was a phenomenon in 19th-century England. He was illustrious for preaching the importance of style in life and art, and of attacking Victorian narrow-mindedness. [PAR] Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1854. He studied at Trinity College in Dublin before leaving the country to study at Oxford University in England when he was in his early 20s. His prodigious literary talent was recognized when he received the Newdegate Prize for his outstanding poem \"Ravenna\". After leaving college his first volume of poetry, \"Patience\", was published in 1881, followed by a play, \"The Duchess of Padua\", two years later. It was around this time that Wilde sparked a sensation. [PAR] On his arrival to America he stirred the nation with his flamboyant personality: wearing long silk stockings--an unusual mode of dress--long, flowing hair that gave the impression to many of an effeminate and a general air of wittiness, sophistication and eccentricity. He was an instant celebrity, but his works did not find recognition until the publication of \"The Happy Prince and Other Tales\" in 1888. His other noted work was his only novel, was \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" (1890), which caused controversy as the book evidently attacked the hypocrisy of England. It was later used as incriminating evidence at Wilde's trial, on the basis of its obvious homosexual content. [PAR] Wilde was a married man with children, but his private life was as a homosexual. He had an affair with a young snobbish aristocrat named Lord Alfred Douglas. Douglas' father, the Marquess of Queensberry, did not approve of his son's relationship with the distinguished writer, and when he accused Wilde of sodomy, Wilde sued the Marquess in court. However, his case was dismissed when his homosexuality--which at the time was outlawed in England--was exposed. He was sentenced to two years hard labor in prison. On his release he was a penniless, dejected man and soon died in Paris. He was 46. [PAR] Wilde is immortalized through his works, and the stories he wrote for children, such as \"The Happy Prince\" and \"The Selfish Giant\", are still vibrant in the imagination of the public, especially \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\", the story of a young handsome man who sells his soul to a picture to have eternal youth and beauty, only to face the hideousness of his own portrait as it ages, which entails his evil nature and degradation. The book has been interpreted on stage, films and television. In 1997 Stephen Fry played the lead in Wilde (1997) and Jude Law as Lord Alfred Douglas. [PAR] ( 29 May 1884 - 7 April 1898) (her death) (2 children) [PAR] Trivia (9) [PAR] Oscar was the great-nephew of author Charles Maturin, an Irish clergyman and author whose gothic novel \"Melmoth the Wanderer\" inspired Oscar's pseudonym 'Sebastian Melmoth', which he lived under for three years from his release from prison to his death. [PAR] Sons: Cyril, born in June 1885, who died in World War I, and Vyvyan, born in November 1886. Vyvyan became a writer using the surname Holland, and his own grandson, Merlin Holland , has written two"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scarlett Name Meaning & Origin | Baby Name Wizard Scarlett Name Meaning & Origin | Baby Name Wizard [PAR] Scarlett Name Meaning & Origin [PAR] US Popularity of Scarlett Over Time [PAR] Sister & Brother Names [PAR] Know a Scarlett? What are her siblings named? [PAR] Enter Sibling Name [PAR] F [PAR] Age [PAR] Share what you know! [PAR] Personal experiences with the name Scarlett: | Edit [PAR] My Cousins Name is Scarlett, we're fairly close but she is incredibly stuck up about it. She's decide that Scarlett is the most regal name possible. We all call her Lettie most of the time, but she insists on being introduced to people as Scarlett, and pretty much tells people that she's the Queen of life. [PAR] My name is Scarlett, and I'm named after my mother's best friend Scarlett. I have red hair so people think I was named for my hair, but I wasn't. I'm 45, and when I was a kid people always made fun of my name and 80% of the teachers called me Charlotte because they couldn't remember \"Scarlett\". During graduate school I worked in a bookstore and I used to wear a name tag that said \"Emma\", because the jokes about my name were annoying. I was so excited when Scarlett Johansson became famous, because she made the name Scarlett seem exotic and beautiful. [PAR] We named our daughter Scarlett Evelyn. We had tossed the name around for a few months and settled on Trinity Elise instead, but when I was pregnant with her, I felt her kicking very strongly and I knew she was going to be feisty. I knew that there was no way she could be anything other than a Scarlett. And nowadays, the name suits her perfectly! [PAR] My daughter's name is Scarlett Eloise. Eloise is my middle name. My husband and I love the colour red so we thought the name would be fitting. We also wanted a name that started with S because our other daughter's name is Sabrina. I think Scarlett is a beautiful, classic name and it suits our little girl. [PAR] My name is Scarlett and I have enjoyed growing up with the name. It is unique and people compliment me on it. The only downside is that I am very often called Charlotte and that gets frustrating. It is also infuriating when people spell it with one 't'. Once I correct someone, though, they usually don't forget again. Starbucks is also a nightmare. I have even gotten \"Starlet\". I also hate the choice of nicknames. My sisters call me Scarlie. I hate the nickname Scar! People will sometimes tease me about it but overall it is a great name. [PAR] Nicknames for Scarlett: | Edit [PAR] Scatt [PAR] Meanings and history of the name Scarlett: | Edit [PAR] Originated from an English and Irish surname, as explained in \"Gone With the Wind\" (\"There were the Scarletts who had fought with the Irish Volunteers for a free Ireland and been hanged for their pains.\") It was an occupation name given those who dealt in scarlet, a type of fine and expensive woolen cloth, in medieval times. Scarlet actually was made in many colors, but the most popular was carmine red; this popularity also gave the cloth's name to a word for bright red, \"scarlet\", still used today. Scarlet was comparatively elastic due to the technique of twisting the yarn in weaving it, and was often used for stockings and tights. The character Will Scarlett in \"Robin Hood\" also got his surname from this occupation. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com [PAR] Gisel questions1 [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? [PAR] horton [PAR] Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? [PAR] lana lang [PAR] What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? [PAR] \"A study in scarlet\" [PAR] To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? [PAR] nathanial hawthorne [PAR] What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? [PAR] phyllis [PAR] Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? [PAR] sebastian melmoth [PAR] What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? [PAR] katie [PAR] How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? [PAR] 24|twenty four [PAR] George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? [PAR] littlee lulu [PAR] What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, \"The Godfather\". even though this word was the working title of the book? [PAR] mafia [PAR] In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? [PAR] lothar [PAR] What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? [PAR] nepoleon [PAR] Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? [PAR] dick tracy [PAR] In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? [PAR] punjab [PAR] The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? [PAR] jaws [PAR] What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? [PAR] mark twain [PAR] The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? [PAR] \"The wonderful wizard of oz\" [PAR] What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? [PAR] catcher in the rye [PAR] In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? [PAR] tony curtis [PAR] O'Hare International airport is in which city? [PAR] chicago [PAR] Rap originated In what country? [PAR] usa|united states [PAR] After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? [PAR] japan [PAR] What was the movie \"Twister \"about? [PAR] tornados [PAR] What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? [PAR] bedrock [PAR] Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? [PAR] 50's|50s|1950s [PAR] American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? [PAR] barcodes|bar codes [PAR] How many carats is pure gold? [PAR] 24|twentyfour|twenty four [PAR] Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? [PAR] charlie sheen [PAR] A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? [PAR] china [PAR] How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? [PAR] 6 days|six days [PAR] RAW Paste Data [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? \"A study in scarlet\" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] literature pg 1 - Webring literature pg 1 [PAR] 1. WHO WAS CLARK KENT'S HIGH SCHOOL SWEETHEART? [PAR] A LANA LANG [PAR] 2. JOHN CLAYTON JR WAS THE CHILDHOOD NAME OF WHAT WELL KNOWN FICTIONAL CHARACTER? [PAR] A TARZAN [PAR] 3. WHAT WAS TARZAN'S TITLE? [PAR] A. LORD GREYSTOKE [PAR] 4. WHAT ONE WORD WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT OUT OF THE MOVIE VERSION OF MARIO PUZO'S NOVEL THE GODFATHER, EVEN THOUGH THIS WORD WAS THE WORKING TITLE OF THE BOOK? [PAR] A. MAFIA [PAR] 5. WHO WROTE THE GODFATHER? [PAR] A. MARIO PUZO [PAR] 6. WHO SAID A MAN MUST DO THESE 4 THINGS IN HIS LIFE TO DEMONSTRATE HIS MANHOOD : PLANT A TREE, FIGHT A BULL, WRITE A BOOK AND HAVE A SON? [PAR] A ERNEST HEMINGWAY [PAR] 7. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE POEM WHICH APPEARS ON THE PEDESTAL OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? [PAR] A. THE NEW COLOSSUS [PAR] 8. WHO WROTE THE POEM THE NEW COLOSSUS THAT APPEARS ON THE PEDESTAL OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? [PAR] A. EMMA LAZARUS [PAR] 9. MEN AGAINST THE SEA, AND PITCAIRNES ISLAND ARE SEQUELS TO WHAT FAMOUS NOVEL? [PAR] A. MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY [PAR] 10. WHAT NOVEL CONTAINS THE LONGEST SENTENCE IN LITERATURE? [PAR] A. LES MISERABLES 823 WORDS [PAR] 11. WHO WROTE LES MISERABLES? [PAR] A. VICTOR HUGO [PAR] 12. WHAT COUPLE LIVE NEXT DOOR TO BLONDIE AND DAGWOOD BUMSTEAD? [PAR] A. HERB AND TOOTSIE WOODLEY [PAR] 13. WHAT IS THE ONLY NOVEL TO TOP THE BEST SELLER'S LIST FOR 2 CONSECUTIVE YEARS? [PAR] A. JONATHON LIVINGSTON SEAGULL [PAR] 14. WHAT CLASSIC GOTHIC NOVEL OF 1818 WAS SUBTITLED \"THE MODERN PROMETHEUS\"? [PAR] A. FRANKENSTEIN [PAR] 15. WHO WAS THE LONE RANGER'S GREAT GRAND NEPHEW? [PAR] A THE GREEN HORNET [PAR] 16. WILLIAM MOULTON MARSTON, INVENTOR OF THE POLYGRAPH, ALSO CREATED A FAMOUS COMIC BOOK HERO, WHO WAS IT? [PAR] A. WONDER WOMAN [PAR] 17. \"LAST NIGHT I DREAMT I WENT TO MANDERLEY AGAIN\" IS THE FIRST LINE OF WHAT NOVEL? [PAR] A. REBECCA [PAR] 18. WHAT IS THE ACTUAL TITLE OF LEONARDO DAVINCI'S \"MONA LISA\"? [PAR] A. LA GIOCONDA [PAR] 19. IN LONGFELLOW'S FAMOUS POEM \"THE SONG OF HIAWATHA\" WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIAWATHA'S WIFE? [PAR] A. MINNEHAHA [PAR] 20. IN LONGFELLOW'S FAMOUS POEM \"THE SONG OF HIAWATHA\" WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIAWATHA'S MOTHER? [PAR] A. NOKOMIS [PAR] 21. \"THE TEMPERATURE HIT 90 THE DAY SHE ARRIVED\" WAS THE OPENING LINE TO ONE OF THE BEST SELLING NOVELS EVER. WHAT WAS IT? [PAR] A. VALLEY OF THE DOLLS [PAR] 22. WHO WAS THE FIRST WRITER TO INCORPORATE HIMSELF? [PAR] A EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS [PAR] 23. WHAT IS THE NATIVE COUNTRY OF AGATHA CHRISTIE'S DETECTIVE HERCULE POIROT? [PAR] A. BELGIUM [PAR] 24. IN THE ROBIN HOOD STORIES, WHAT IS THE REAL NAME OF LITTLE JOHN? [PAR] A JOHN LITTLE [PAR] 25. WHAT WAS SCARLETT OHARA'S REAL FIRST NAME? [PAR] A. KATIE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mandrake the Magician Comic Strip for ... - Comics Kingdom Mandrake the Magician by Fred Fredericks -- Created by Lee Falk - Mandrake the Magician Comic Strip | Comics Kingdom [PAR] About this Comic The Authors The Characters [PAR] A true classic and a standard among comic strips, Mandrake the Magician has been mystifying readers since 1934! [PAR] Mandrake the Magician was created by Lee Falk during the Great Depression, a time in our nation's history when adventurous comic strips became popular for their morale-building appeal. [PAR] The dapper, mustached magician remains one of the most famous characters in the comic strip medium, his adventures appearing in newspapers worldwide. Mandrake uses his legendary powers of hypnotism and illusion to combat crime, and has worked his debonair magic to find a place in the hearts of comic strip fans everywhere. [PAR] Many comic strips and comic books throughout the history of the medium have starred mystics and magicians. Over the years, characters such as Merzah the Mystic, Sargon the Sorcerer and Zanzibar the Magician have worked their magic on readers, but none have displayed the longevity of the Mandrake the Magician comic strip. [PAR] Mandrake was also the first comic strip with a racially integrated cast of crime-fighters. Mandrake's partner in adventure is the gigantic Lothar, and the two of them have been fighting evildoers for decades! Mandrake is also aided by his wife, the lovely and exotic Princess Narda. [PAR] Falk originally drew the Mandrake strip but soon turned the job over to artist Phil Davis, who illustrated the silken illusionist's doings for more than 30 years. When Davis passed away, Falk recruited current Mandrake artist Fred Fredericks. [PAR] Lee Falk passed away in March of 1999, but his legacy lives on with Mandrake the Magician. [PAR] Fred Fredericks [PAR] Fred Fredericks was born in 1929 in Atlantic City, N.J. and was in the Marine Corps from 1950-1953. Fredericks went to Cartoonists and Illustrators School now the School of Visual Arts on the GI Bill. He wrote and illustrated history comic strips in regional papers. [PAR] In 1960, he began working with the Dell and Gold Key comic books doing funny animals and adventure titles. He joined King Features in 1965 to take over the art for Mandrake the Magician, daily and Sunday. Ruminating on his Mandrake work, Fredericks says, \u201cThe best part was working with the great Lee Falk.\u201d Fredericks took over the writing of the strip when Lee, whom he says \u201cwas one of a kind,\u201d passed in 1999. [PAR] Fredericks lives in Massachusetts with his wife, Frances, and has two children, Connie and Patrick. [PAR] Lee Falk [PAR] Leon \"Lee\" Falk is the creator of two of the most successful and longest-running action-adventure strips in the history of comic art: Mandrake the Magician and The Phantom. [PAR] Falk was born in St. Louis in 1911. A graduate of the University of Illinois, he spent four years writing copy and directing radio shows for an advertising agency in St. Louis. Once he was comfortably situated as the producer of two of the most sensationally successful features in daily newspapers, Falk took to globetrotting. For many years, the adventures of both The Phantom and Mandrake the Magician were as often as not set to paper in hotel rooms in one of the world's great capitals. [PAR] The inexhaustible stories continued to come one after another even as World War II intervened. Immediately after Pearl Harbor was attacked, the patriotic Falk took on duties in secret intelligence operations with the Office of War Information and became chief of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Animal Farm: Character List SparkNotes: Animal Farm: Character List [PAR] Character List [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Napoleon - The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Joseph Stalin, Napoleon uses military force (his nine loyal attack dogs) to intimidate the other animals and consolidate his power. In his supreme craftiness, Napoleon proves more treacherous than his counterpart, Snowball. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Napoleon. [PAR] Snowball - The pig who challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Leon Trotsky, Snowball is intelligent, passionate, eloquent, and less subtle and devious than his counterpart, Napoleon. Snowball seems to win the loyalty of the other animals and cement his power. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Snowball. [PAR] Boxer - The cart-horse whose incredible strength, dedication, and loyalty play a key role in the early prosperity of Animal Farm and the later completion of the windmill. Quick to help but rather slow-witted, Boxer shows much devotion to Animal Farm\u2019s ideals but little ability to think about them independently. He na\u00efvely trusts the pigs to make all his decisions for him. His two mottoes are \u201cI will work harder\u201d and \u201cNapoleon is always right.\u201d [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Boxer. [PAR] Squealer - The pig who spreads Napoleon\u2019s propaganda among the other animals. Squealer justifies the pigs\u2019 monopolization of resources and spreads false statistics pointing to the farm\u2019s success. Orwell uses Squealer to explore the ways in which those in power often use rhetoric and language to twist the truth and gain and maintain social and political control. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Squealer. [PAR] Old Major - The prize-winning boar whose vision of a socialist utopia serves as the inspiration for the Rebellion. Three days after describing the vision and teaching the animals the song \u201cBeasts of England,\u201d Major dies, leaving Snowball and Napoleon to struggle for control of his legacy. Orwell based Major on both the German political economist Karl Marx and the Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Ilych Lenin. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Old Major. [PAR] Clover - A good-hearted female cart-horse and Boxer\u2019s close friend. Clover often suspects the pigs of violating one or another of the Seven Commandments, but she repeatedly blames herself for misremembering the commandments. [PAR] Moses - The tame raven who spreads stories of Sugarcandy Mountain, the paradise to which animals supposedly go when they die. Moses plays only a small role in Animal Farm, but Orwell uses him to explore how communism exploits religion as something with which to pacify the oppressed. [PAR] Mollie - The vain, flighty mare who pulls Mr. Jones\u2019s carriage. Mollie craves the attention of human beings and loves being groomed and pampered. She has a difficult time with her new life on Animal Farm, as she misses wearing ribbons in her mane and eating sugar cubes. She represents the petit bourgeoisie that fled from Russia a few years after the Russian Revolution. [PAR] Benjamin - The long-lived donkey who refuses to feel inspired by the Rebellion. Benjamin firmly believes that life will remain unpleasant no matter who is in charge. Of all of the animals on the farm, he alone comprehends the changes that take place, but he seems either unwilling or unable to oppose the pigs. [PAR] Muriel - The white goat who reads the Seven Commandments to Clover whenever Clover suspects the pigs of violating their prohibitions. [PAR] Mr. Jones - The often drunk farmer who runs the Manor Farm before the animals stage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tess Tracy - Dick Tracy Wiki - Wikia Tess Tracy | Dick Tracy Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] When Tracy was framed for counterfeiting by Stooge Viller , Tess found it hard to believe Tracy's innocence and sadly broke up with him again. Viller had his sights on Tess and started dating her. Tess discovered evidence that Stooge had framed Tracy. Stooge panicked and shot Tess just as she was about to call police headquarters. Chief Brandon and Pat Patton found her in her apartment, the bullet having hit her in the arm. Before she passed out said that Tracy was framed and she had proof. Tracy and Junior apprehended Stooge and Tracy reconciled with Tess again. She recovered from her injury shortly thereafter. [PAR] Tess was kidnapped on multiple occasions during the 1930s, including as part of plots by Big Boy and Bookie Joe . She was always rescued or managed to escape relatively unharmed. [PAR] During the Tracy's encounter with the writer Jean Penfield , Penfield planted a story in the newspaper that she and Tracy were engaged to be married. Despite Tracy's objections, Tess believed the story and confronted Penfield. This dispute was later used by the lawyer Spaldoni to lure Tess to Penfield's home, where he shot Penfield and framed Tess for the murder. Tess was arrested, but was later freed when Spaldoni confessed. [PAR] At one point, Tess and Dick grew apart and Tess started seeing an ex-baseball player named Edward Nuremoh (\"Homerun\" spelt backwards). Dick and Tess had a brief conversation during which their engagement was broken off. Unbeknownst to Tess, her marriage to Nuremoh was part of a scheme he concocted so he could collect a wealthy aunt's money. Nuremoh killed his aunt and framed a dim-witted cousin for her murder. Tracy was assigned to the investigation, and he and Tess were rather cold and distant to each other. [PAR] Acting on her own, Tess discovered evidence linking Edward to the murder. Edward admitted in a crazed, sinister voice that he had indeed killed his aunt. He chased Tess through the craggy heights of his family's land, throwing rocks and pointing a gun at her. Nuremoh's real girlfriend Lola prevented him from killing Tess by inadvertently jumping in front of a bullet. Realizing what he had done, Nuremoh held his dead girlfriend in his arms and jumped off a 130 ft. cliff. Tracy and the police arrived on the scene shortly thereafter and attempted to console the distraught Tess. [PAR] Upon leaving the Nuremoh houshold, Tess was confronted by John Lavir (\"Rival\" spelt backwards), Lola's brother who was seeking to avenge his sister. Tess had become somewhat mentally unhinged and she took a liking to Lavir. She forgave him for attempting to force her car off the road, and the two went off together. Tess became a partner in Lavir's dog training business, but soon discovered that he dealt in stolen dogs. She began to surreptitiously return the stolen dogs at night, but Lavir discovered this and confronted her. The two struggled in Lavir's kennel. During the struggle, one of Lavir's attack dogs was freed and a window was broken. Tess grabbed a piece of broken glass and forced Lavir off her. Lavir died of a severe neck wound, and Tess was held on suspicious of manslaughter. Tracy, using forensic evidence, was able to prove that Lavir's wounds were caused by the dog, and Tess was freed. She and Tracy reconciled. [PAR] Later, Tess was the leader of the girl scout troop that discovered the weakened Tracy,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com [PAR] Gisel questions1 [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? [PAR] horton [PAR] Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? [PAR] lana lang [PAR] What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? [PAR] \"A study in scarlet\" [PAR] To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? [PAR] nathanial hawthorne [PAR] What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? [PAR] phyllis [PAR] Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? [PAR] sebastian melmoth [PAR] What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? [PAR] katie [PAR] How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? [PAR] 24|twenty four [PAR] George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? [PAR] littlee lulu [PAR] What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, \"The Godfather\". even though this word was the working title of the book? [PAR] mafia [PAR] In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? [PAR] lothar [PAR] What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? [PAR] nepoleon [PAR] Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? [PAR] dick tracy [PAR] In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? [PAR] punjab [PAR] The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? [PAR] jaws [PAR] What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? [PAR] mark twain [PAR] The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? [PAR] \"The wonderful wizard of oz\" [PAR] What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? [PAR] catcher in the rye [PAR] In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? [PAR] tony curtis [PAR] O'Hare International airport is in which city? [PAR] chicago [PAR] Rap originated In what country? [PAR] usa|united states [PAR] After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? [PAR] japan [PAR] What was the movie \"Twister \"about? [PAR] tornados [PAR] What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? [PAR] bedrock [PAR] Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? [PAR] 50's|50s|1950s [PAR] American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? [PAR] barcodes|bar codes [PAR] How many carats is pure gold? [PAR] 24|twentyfour|twenty four [PAR] Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? [PAR] charlie sheen [PAR] A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? [PAR] china [PAR] How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? [PAR] 6 days|six days [PAR] RAW Paste Data [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? \"A study in scarlet\" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com [PAR] Gisel questions1 [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? [PAR] horton [PAR] Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? [PAR] lana lang [PAR] What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? [PAR] \"A study in scarlet\" [PAR] To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? [PAR] nathanial hawthorne [PAR] What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? [PAR] phyllis [PAR] Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? [PAR] sebastian melmoth [PAR] What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? [PAR] katie [PAR] How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? [PAR] 24|twenty four [PAR] George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? [PAR] littlee lulu [PAR] What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, \"The Godfather\". even though this word was the working title of the book? [PAR] mafia [PAR] In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? [PAR] lothar [PAR] What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? [PAR] nepoleon [PAR] Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? [PAR] dick tracy [PAR] In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? [PAR] punjab [PAR] The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? [PAR] jaws [PAR] What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? [PAR] mark twain [PAR] The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? [PAR] \"The wonderful wizard of oz\" [PAR] What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? [PAR] catcher in the rye [PAR] In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? [PAR] tony curtis [PAR] O'Hare International airport is in which city? [PAR] chicago [PAR] Rap originated In what country? [PAR] usa|united states [PAR] After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? [PAR] japan [PAR] What was the movie \"Twister \"about? [PAR] tornados [PAR] What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? [PAR] bedrock [PAR] Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? [PAR] 50's|50s|1950s [PAR] American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? [PAR] barcodes|bar codes [PAR] How many carats is pure gold? [PAR] 24|twentyfour|twenty four [PAR] Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? [PAR] charlie sheen [PAR] A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? [PAR] china [PAR] How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? [PAR] 6 days|six days [PAR] RAW Paste Data [PAR] What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? \"A study in scarlet\" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did you know? - Melrose Mirror Front Page Did you know? [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] More boys than girls are born during the day; more girls are born at night. [PAR] Most alcoholic beverages contain all 13 minerals necessary to sustain life. [PAR] Reindeer milk has more fat than cow milk. [PAR] To sell your home faster and for more money, paint it yellow. [PAR] Daphne du Maurier, best known for Rebecca, wrote the story upon which Alfred Hitchcock based his 1963 suspense film The Birds. [PAR] Scarlett O\ufffdHara\ufffds real first name was Katie . [PAR] Actor Sylvester Stallone once had a job as a lion cage cleaner. [PAR] The average house cat spends approximately 10,950 hours purring in a lifetime. [PAR] The word \ufffdqueue\ufffd is the only word in English that is pronounced the same way when the last four letters are removed. [PAR] Thirty-five percent of the people who use personal ads for dating are already married. [PAR] If a frog\ufffds mouth is held open too long the frog will suffocate. [PAR] In Disney\ufffds fantasia, the Sorcerer name is Yensid which is Disney spelled backwards. [PAR] Tablecloths meant to be served as towels with which dinner guests could wipe their hands and faces after eating. [PAR] When glass breaks, the cracks move faster than 3,000 miles per hour. To photograph the event, a camera must shoot at a millionth of a second. [PAR] Before settling on the name of Tiny Tim for his character in \ufffdA Christmas Carol,\ufffd three other alliterative names were considered by Charles Dickens. They were Little Larry, Puny Pete, and Small Sam. [PAR] Around 1900, the Addis Brush Company started producing the first artificial Christmas tree. It was made from the same material that they used for their toilet brushes. [PAR] Hallmark introduced its first Christmas cards in 1915, five years after the founding of the company. [PAR] Sources: funfunnyfacts.com, trivia country.com, alltrivia.net. qsl.net, strangefacts.com, funtrivia.com, corsinet.com. [PAR] December 6, 2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World War 2 history: memories from the day war broke out ... World War 2 history: memories from the day war broke out told to Melvyn Bragg - Telegraph [PAR] World War Two [PAR] World War 2 history: memories from the day war broke out told to Melvyn Bragg [PAR] Seventy years ago this Thursday, Neville Chamberlain announced that Britain was at war with Germany. For a new documentary, Melvyn Bragg sought the recollections of people \u2013 from evacuee to aristocrat, soldier to refugee \u2013 on whose lives that first day of conflict left an indelible imprint [PAR] King George VI shakes hands with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain as he left No,10 Downing Street following the declaration of war with Germany after the invasion of Poland. Photo: GETTY [PAR] 5:19PM BST 27 Aug 2009 [PAR] The 'voice' of the BBC in 1939 was that of Alvar Lidell; a measured, cultivated tone, calm and authoritative. It is probably true to say that almost everyone in Britain was listening to what was then called the wireless on the morning of Sunday, September 3 1939. The wireless had become the oracle through which the nation was to learn its fate. 'At 11.15,' Lidell said, 'that [PAR] is, in about two minutes, the Prime Minister will broadcast to the nation. Please stand by.' [PAR] From diaries and testaments, oral and written, we know that people braced themselves for the worst. In those two minutes, there was time for older listeners to remember the blight and deaths and deep wounds of the First World War; time for the prescient to call up regrets for the British government's non-interference in Spain, a lost opportunity, perhaps, to check the fascists; time for a few to curse the policy of appeasement, and for many to be forced to ponder on the headlines of the previous two days, which had reported the heavy civilian bombing of Poland by the Germans. [PAR] Already, the entire population of Britain had gas masks in case Hitler launched a poisonous gas attack. Mass evacuation plans for children were under way. Back-garden bomb shelters were being built. Above London, in the blue skies on that idyllic late-summer Sunday morning, as the churches emptied their larger-than-usual numbers for the early services, barrage balloons floated high, as if announcing a party. [PAR] At 11.15, the Prime Minister, Neville Chamber\u00adlain, delivered his broadcast from the Cabinet Room of 10 Downing Street, struggling to keep the anguish from his voice. 'This morning, the British Ambassador in Berlin handed the German government a final note, stating that unless we heard from them \u2013 by 11 o'clock \u2013 that they were prepared at once to withdraw their troops from Poland, a state of war would exist between us.' Then came the words most feared by all. 'I have to tell you now that no such undertaking has been received and that, consequently, this country is at war with Germany.' [PAR] The greatest and most destructive war in history had begun. Fifty-five million lives would be lost; there would be the Holocaust, the atom bomb, the making and breaking of empires and nations. The world would change utterly \u2013 all foretold in that grave announcement on a balmy Sunday morning in London almost 70 years ago. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Foyle's War creator on the dark side of the war [PAR] 17 Aug 2009 [PAR] I suggested to ITV that we make a television programme about that particular day. I am as aware as anyone that history moves in decades and not days, and that events come from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oflag IVC | Colditz Castle Tours Oflag IVC | Colditz Castle Tours [PAR] Colditz Castle Tours [PAR] \u201cThe whole story of Colditz will, no doubt, one day be told, and it will make an enthralling story; but it must be written by one of the men who was there.\u201d [PAR] \u2018Escape and Liberation, 1940-1945\u2032 by A.J.Evans. [PAR] These words, by the author of \u2018The Escape Club\u2019, one of the greatest escape books of the First World War and one which inspired Pat Reid, British Escape Officer at Colditz from 1940-1942, to ultimately make a \u2018Home Run\u2019 succinctly describe our own personal views of the \u2018Colditz Story\u2019. [PAR] Therefore when we re-tell the story of Colditz we use primary source information from both the POW and German perspectives. [PAR] We would encourage anyone who is inspired by this website to read all the relevant books and do what they can to keep the memory of these men, of all nationalities, on whatever \u2019side\u2019 to live on through generations to come. To this end we have constructed a suggested reading list for Colditz books which name some of the lesser known works on Colditz which are a must read. [PAR] During WW2 the Castle was located in the very centre of a Greater Nazi Germany, ideally located for a PoW Camp far from any neutral frontiers. In the Cold War it was located in the East of what was the DDR, or East Germany. Today it lies on the eastern borders of a once again unified Germany. For many years the castle fell into disrepair but recent investments have seen great changes, some good, some maybe not so. It is a constant battle to preserve WW2 areas but what one cannot deny is the sense of atmosphere that penetrates the thick mediaeval walls and transports you back in time to \u2018daring tales of do\u2019. [PAR] There is only one way to \u2018keep the spirit\u2019 of Colditz alive\u2026. that is by going. We visit Colditz more than anyone else and have guided more guests than anyone else. To this end we share our expertise and exceptional local knowledge gained from many years of experience with you and bring out the very best in local German hospitality to make your \u201cEscape to Colditz\u201d a once in a lifetime experience."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theodore Roosevelt Biography (U.S. President) Theodore Roosevelt Biography (U.S. President) [PAR] Died: 6 January 1919 (arterial blood clot) [PAR] Birthplace: New York City, New York [PAR] Best known as: President of the United States, 1901-1909 [PAR] Teddy Roosevelt was a weak and asthmatic child who grew up to be one of the most robust and ambitious U.S. presidents ever. A former New York City police commissioner (1895-97), author, and hero of the Spanish-American War (1898), he reluctantly accepted an offer to become William McKinley 's vice president upon McKinley's re-election in 1900. When McKinley was assassinated in 1901, Roosevelt became the youngest man ever to become president. (He was 42.) He served two terms, built up the Navy, used \"battleship diplopmacy\" to create an independent Panama and then build the Panama Canal, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905 for helping to end the Russo-Japanese War, designated dozens of national forests, parks, and monuments, and strengthened the executive branch through his progressive agenda and the sheer force of his personality. He is often remembered for his policy pronouncement, \"Speak softly and carry a big stick.\" He was succeeded in 1909 by William Howard Taft . Roosevelt ran for president again in 1912, as a candidate of the National Progressive (or \"Bull Moose\") Party; he beat Taft but came in second to the next president, Democrat Woodrow Wilson . In the last years of his life he traveled widely, explored Brazil, supported America's entry into World War I, and published several books including Theodore Roosevelt - An Autobiography in 1913. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Teddy Roosevelt was fifth cousin to a later president, Franklin Roosevelt \u2026 Teddy was the first president to visit a foreign country, Panama, in 1906\u2026 He was also the first American to win a Nobel Prize\u2026 He was the 26th U.S. president\u2026 The Rough Riders were an all-volunteer cavalry regiment organized by Roosevelt and Leonard Wood in 1898; on July 1 of that year he led the Rough Riders on successful charges up Kettle Hill and San Juan Heights (better known as San Juan Hill) near Santiago, Cuba, thus cementing his fame in America\u2026 John F. Kennedy remains the youngest man ever elected president, at the age of 43\u2026 Roosevelt graduated from Harvard in 1880; he attended law school at Columbia but did not graduate\u2026 Roosevelt was married to the former Alice Hathaway Lee from 1880 until her death after giving birth to their daughter Alice in 1884. He married Edith Kermit Carow in 1886, and they had five children: Theodore, Jr. (b. 1887), Kermit (b. 1889), Ethel (b. 1891), Archibald (b. 1894) and Quentin (b. 1897). Quentin, a pilot, was killed in France in World War I\u2026 Teddy\u2019s mother died the same day as his first wife, 14 February 1886. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Theodore Roosevelt - SparkNotes SparkNotes: Theodore Roosevelt: 1908\u20131912: After the White House [PAR] 1908\u20131912: After the White House [PAR] \u2192 [PAR] 1908\u20131912: After the White House, page 2 [PAR] page 1 of 2 [PAR] As the 1908 Presidential election approached, many Republicans and the American public as a whole clamored for their beloved Teddy to run for third term as President. Technically, Roosevelt had run only once before, in 1904\u2013he had become President by law after William McKinley's death, and there was no legal restriction against his running for a third term. (At this time, the Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution\u2013which bars Presidents from serving more than two terms\u2013had not yet been passed). Precedence, however, dictated against Roosevelt running again. No single president,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tapestry Revisited - A Tribute To Carole King: Various ... Tapestry Revisited - A Tribute To Carole King: Various artists: Amazon.co.uk: MP3 Downloads [PAR] TITLE added to MP3 Basket [PAR] Tapestry Revisited - A Tribute To Carole King [PAR] MP3 Download, 14 Jul 2009 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] Your Amazon Music account is currently associated with a different marketplace. To enjoy Prime Music, go to Your Music Library and transfer your account to Amazon.co.uk (UK). [PAR] Fix in Music Library [PAR] Sold by Amazon Media EU S.\u00e0 r.l.. By placing your order, you agree to our Terms of Use . [PAR] Popular Albums [PAR] Original Release Date: 14 July 2009 [PAR] Release Date: 14 July 2009 [PAR] Label: Rhino Atlantic [PAR] Record Company Required Metadata: Music file metadata contains unique purchase identifier. Learn more . [PAR] Total Length: 50:43 [PAR] By Amanda Richards VINE VOICE on 10 Mar. 2006 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] One of the best albums of the '70s, redone by some of the best talents in the business. It's pretty darn hard to improve on a classic, but Rod Stewart, Aretha Franklin, Amy Grant, Richard Marx, Celine Dion, the Bee Gees and Bebe and Cece Winans, among others certainly give it their best shot. [PAR] Rod Stewart singing \"So Far Away\" is a classic by itself, but also look for Richard Marx' version of \"Beautiful\"; Bebe and Cece Winans (with Aretha Franklin) putting a world of soul into \"You've Got A Friend\"; Faith Hill's \"Where You Lead\" and the Bee Gees' \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow?\". The Manhattan Transfer also perform a great \"Smackwater Jack\". [PAR] Not quite the original, but a very reasonable facsimile thereof[DOC] [TLE] Tapestry Revisited: A Tribute to Carole King: Various ... Tapestry Revisited: A Tribute to Carole King: Various Artists, Carole King: Amazon.ca: Music [PAR] By Martin A Hogan TOP 1000 REVIEWER on Dec 3 2002 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] If you can imagine all these artists singing their own versions of Carole King's fantastic \"Tapestry\", you won't be surprised. Every singer or group remains true to their style while interpreting King's greatest album. Yet, all the songs remain as fresh as the day King recorded them. [PAR] Rod Stewart got the most airplay with his version of \"So Far Away\" and it is well deserved. The Bee Gees do a wonderfully spiritual (if slightly over-produced) version of \"Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?\" Celine Dion succeeds admirably with \"Natural Woman\" and the Manhattan Transfer still have their touch with \"Smackwater Jack\", a lively, bouncy, finger clicking rendition. [PAR] The booklet is full of great notes, photos and lyrics. It may not be a jewel box, but is still an original in all repsects. [PAR] One person found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again. [PAR] By Lawrance Bernabo HALL OF FAME on June 2 2002 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] We all know that Carole King songs can be covered by other artists. Part of the mystique of \"Tapestry\" was that here was this songwriter who had been writing hits for well over a decade and suddenly she sings her own songs and has one of the biggest selling albums of all time. But even with regards to \"Tapesty,\" we had the classic covers of \"You've Got A Friend\" by James Taylor (she had played piano on his album and he did guitar on King's) and \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\" by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Caan - IMDb James Caan - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Director [PAR] A masculine and enigmatic actor whose life and movie career have had more ups and downs than the average rollercoaster and whose selection of roles has arguably derailed him from achieving true superstar status, James Caan is New York-born and bred. He was born in the Bronx, to Sophie (Falkenstein) and Arthur Caan, Jewish immigrants from Germany. ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:[DOC] [TLE] Michael Douglas is Born | World History Project Michael Douglas is Born | World History Project [PAR] Sep 25 1944 [PAR] Michael Douglas is Born [PAR] Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer, primarily in movies and television. [PAR] He was awarded with an Emmy, a Golden Globe and two Academy Awards, first as producer of 1975's Best Picture, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and as Best Actor in 1987 for his role in Wall Street. Douglas received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2009. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Aimee Lucido [PAR] Kirk Douglas originated the role of McMurphy in a presidential stage production, and then bought the film rights, hoping to play McMurphy on the screen. He passed the production rights to his son, Michael Douglas, who decided his father was too old for the role. Kirk was reportedly angry at his son for a time afterward because of this. Actor James Caan was originally offered the McMurphy role, and Marlon Brando and Gene Hackman were considered as well. According to the director on the latest Special Edition DVD, he wanted Burt Reynolds to play the lead. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Aimee Lucido [PAR] More information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheap Ferries from Brindisi to Zante | Cheap Ferry Tickets ... Cheap Ferries from Brindisi to Zante | Cheap Ferry Tickets & Cross Channel Ferries [PAR] [PAR] Cheap Ferries from Brindisi to Zante [PAR] Brindisi is a small ancient city at the southern tip of Italy. It is a popular docking station for ocean steam liners due to its deepwater harbour. When passing through Brindisi either for leisure or to catch a passenger ferry, be sure to visit a couple local attractions such as the Frederick II castle and the numerous cathedrals. [PAR] For those that wish to connect to the Italian seaport city of Brindisi from Zante, the Hellenic Mediterranean Lines Ferries links the two together. The company has served ferry routes across the Eastern Mediterranean Sea for more than 100 years. Travellers would never guess that only two vessels operated the services across the sea as routes are nearly almost on time and very efficient. [PAR] As the birthplace of Greek National Anthem writer, D. Solomos, Zante ranks number three in terms of the size of the Ionian Islands. The ferry port is located just next to the main town for those who wish to explore the surrounding islands. For those with a bit more time to spare, be sure to stop by the Venetian Fortress or Bohali Hill. [PAR] When travelling from Brindisi to the surrounding Greek islands, it is best to plan ahead. Depending on your travelling budget, prices vary for ferry rides throughout the year. For those on a tighter budget, the winter and low season offer fares for considerable cheaper prices than during the high or medium seasons. However, whenever you decide to travel, be sure to book in advance to ensure a seat. [PAR] Hellenic Mediterranean Lines has a direct ferry service departing Brindisi to Zante with varying timetables throughout the year. Blue Star Ferries also offers ferry services from Brinidisi to surrounding islands. Superfast Ferries are another option for navigating around the Eastern Mediterranean from Brindisi.[DOC] [TLE] Brindisi Italy and Surrounding Area - Review of Brindisi ... Brindisi Italy and Surrounding Area - Review of Brindisi, Italy - TripAdvisor [PAR] \u201cBrindisi Italy and Surrounding Area\u201d [PAR] Reviewed October 9, 2009 [PAR] We spent several days in area around this port city. Brindisi is best known to Americans only as a place to catch the ferry to Greece. However, it is much more than that. True, you can grab an overnight Boat to the Greek island of Corfu or to Athens, but you can do more than just glance at the two thousand year old pillars that mark the southern end of the Appian Way right there at the docks. [PAR] Brindisi is a thriving city with, unfortunately not much more for visitors to see than the Train Station and the main road to the docks and several churches well hidden away. But if you rent a car you can experience some wonderful sights. Heading north along SS16, after about 10 miles you will pass what was once an American Air Force base complete with two hundred US style housing units, and everything a base could possibly need; except a runway. (search for S Vito Dei Normanni AS for information). The town of San Vito dei Normanni is the first place you will come to. A quaint, extremely friendly city with an interesting piazza (square) and pretty churches. Your goal, on this road is Ostuni, \"La Citta Bianca\" the white city, about 10 miles furthur. park and walk thru the Old Section. Its a photographer's dream. All houses on the hill"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American National Biography Online American National Biography Online [PAR] Click Print on your browser to print the article. [PAR] Close this window to return to the ANB Online. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Walter Cronkite anchors his last CBS election night special in New York City, 4 November 1980. [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] [PAR] Cronkite, Walter Leland, Jr. (4 Nov. 1916-17 July 2009), broadcast journalist, was born in Saint Joseph, Missouri, the son of Walter Leland Cronkite, a dentist, and Helen Fritsche Cronkite. Shortly after his birth, the family moved to Kansas City. When he was ten years old his father accepted a position with a dental college in Houston, Texas. [PAR] There, at San Jacinto High School, Cronkite's love of journalism emerged. Starting as the sports editor of the Campus Cub, Cronkite became editor in his senior year. Fred Birney, a veteran newspaper editor, encouraged the young journalist to enter a contest sponsored by the Texas Interscholastic Press Association. In the summer of 1933 Cronkite's victory, and Birney's assistance, helped land Cronkite a job as a copy boy at the Houston Post, one of three daily newspapers serving the growing Texas metropolis. [PAR] That fall Cronkite enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. Although he loved journalism, he did not consider it an appropriate career for a college graduate. Instead he pursued mining engineering, but the inability to pass a first-year physics course forced him to reconsider his major. Cronkite began studying journalism amid a variety of extracurricular activities. He wrote for the Daily Texan, acted in productions of the University Curtain Club, and broadcast sports reports for radio station KNOW. Cronkite enjoyed student journalism, and upon hearing that William Randolph Hearst's International News Service (INS) was opening a bureau at the Texas state capitol, he obtained a part-time position as an office boy. \"That job,\" Cronkite later recalled in his autobiography, \"may have been one of the best breaks of my life.\" He became engrossed in Texas politics, eventually withdrawing from the university upon receiving a full-time job offer from the Scripps-Howard Austin bureau. The Houston Press was a Scripps-Howard paper, and Cronkite returned to Houston when a newsroom position became available there in 1935. [PAR] He lasted one year in the Houston Press newsroom before being hired by the new radio station KCMO in Kansas City, Missouri. Cronkite reported sports, news, and weather. The KCMO audience knew Cronkite by the imposed pseudonym \"Walter Wilcox,\" the station's way of controlling a popular broadcaster's \"brand\" identity should he later depart. It was at KCMO that Cronkite first met Mary Elizabeth (Betsy) Maxwell, a graduate of the University of Missouri School of Journalism and the station's advertising writer. Cronkite and Maxwell married in 1940; they had three children. [PAR] By this time, Cronkite had begun working for the United Press (UP) wire service. In 1939 he obtained a reporter's position in the Kansas City bureau; his assignments included reporting from various locales in the American Southwest. In El Paso, Texas, Cronkite opened a new UP bureau, where he regularly rewrote newswire stories for local radio broadcasts. He continued dabbling in radio, and when executives from the Oklahoma City radio station WKY found Cronkite in El Paso, they offered him a sports announcing position. [PAR] The WKY job tripled his UP salary, and he moved to Oklahoma to broadcast University of Oklahoma football games. Yet Cronkite missed Missouri, and when offered a public relations position in Kansas City with the newly organized Braniff Airways, he left WKY. Within a year he was back working for UP and pressing his supervisors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Picture of Dorian Gray: Plot Overview SparkNotes: The Picture of Dorian Gray: Plot Overview [PAR] The Picture of Dorian Gray [PAR] Oscar Wilde [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] In the stately London home of his aunt, Lady Brandon, the well-known artist Basil Hallward meets Dorian Gray. Dorian is a cultured, wealthy, and impossibly beautiful young man who immediately captures Basil\u2019s artistic imagination. Dorian sits for several portraits, and Basil often depicts him as an ancient Greek hero or a mythological figure. When the novel opens, the artist is completing his first portrait of Dorian as he truly is, but, as he admits to his friend Lord Henry Wotton, the painting disappoints him because it reveals too much of his feeling for his subject. Lord Henry, a famous wit who enjoys scandalizing his friends by celebrating youth, beauty, and the selfish pursuit of pleasure, disagrees, claiming that the portrait is Basil\u2019s masterpiece. Dorian arrives at the studio, and Basil reluctantly introduces him to Lord Henry, who he fears will have a damaging influence on the impressionable, young Dorian. [PAR] Basil\u2019s fears are well founded; before the end of their first conversation, Lord Henry upsets Dorian with a speech about the transient nature of beauty and youth. Worried that these, his most impressive characteristics, are fading day by day, Dorian curses his portrait, which he believes will one day remind him of the beauty he will have lost. In a fit of distress, he pledges his soul if only the painting could bear the burden of age and infamy, allowing him to stay forever young. After Dorian\u2019s outbursts, Lord Henry reaffirms his desire to own the portrait; however, Basil insists the portrait belongs to Dorian. [PAR] Over the next few weeks, Lord Henry\u2019s influence over Dorian grows stronger. The youth becomes a disciple of the \u201cnew Hedonism\u201d and proposes to live a life dedicated to the pursuit of pleasure. He falls in love with Sibyl Vane, a young actress who performs in a theater in London\u2019s slums. He adores her acting; she, in turn, refers to him as \u201cPrince Charming\u201d and refuses to heed the warnings of her brother, James Vane, that Dorian is no good for her. Overcome by her emotions for Dorian, Sibyl decides that she can no longer act, wondering how she can pretend to love on the stage now that she has experienced the real thing. Dorian, who loves Sibyl because of her ability to act, cruelly breaks his engagement with her. After doing so, he returns home to notice that his face in Basil\u2019s portrait of him has changed: it now sneers. Frightened that his wish for his likeness in the painting to bear the ill effects of his behavior has come true and that his sins will be recorded on the canvas, he resolves to make amends with Sibyl the next day. The following afternoon, however, Lord Henry brings news that Sibyl has killed herself. At Lord Henry\u2019s urging, Dorian decides to consider her death a sort of artistic triumph\u2014she personified tragedy\u2014and to put the matter behind him. Meanwhile, Dorian hides his portrait in a remote upper room of his house, where no one other than he can watch its transformation. [PAR] Lord Henry gives Dorian a book that describes the wicked exploits of a nineteenth-century Frenchman; it becomes Dorian\u2019s bible as he sinks ever deeper into a life of sin and corruption. He lives a life devoted to garnering new experiences and sensations with no regard for conventional standards of morality or the consequences of his actions. Eighteen years pass."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] You Only Live Twice (1967) - IMDb You Only Live Twice (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] You Only Live Twice ( 1967 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Harold Jack Bloom (additional story material), Roald Dahl (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $10.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 05 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 images [PAR] created 25 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 10 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: You Only Live Twice (1967) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. [PAR] Director: Peter R. Hunt [PAR] James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When an American space capsule is swallowed up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best 90s Songs - Stereogum Best 90s Songs - Stereogum [PAR] 34 Third Eye Blind \u2013 \u201cSemi-Charmed Life\u201d [PAR] 35 Oasis \u2013 \u201cWonderwall\u201d [PAR] 36 C+C Music Factory \u2013 \u201cGonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)\u201d [PAR] 37 Green Day \u2013 \u201cGood Riddance (Time of Your Life)\u201d [PAR] 38 Christina Aguilera \u2013 \u201cGenie In A Bottle\u201d [PAR] 39 Goo Goo Dolls \u2013 \u201cIris\u201d [PAR] 40 Color Me Badd \u2013 \u201cI Wanna Sex You Up\u201d [PAR] 41 Spin Doctors \u2013 \u201cTwo Princes\u201d [PAR] 42 Collective Soul \u2013 \u201cShine\u201d [PAR] 43 En Vogue \u2013 \u201cMy Lovin\u2019 (You\u2019re Never Gonna Get It)\u201d [PAR] 44 The Fugees \u2013 \u201cKilling Me Softly With His Song\u201d [PAR] 45 Hootie & the Blowfish \u2013 \u201cOnly Wanna Be With You\u201d [PAR] 46 Shania Twain \u2013 \u201cYou\u2019re Still the One\u201d [PAR] 47 Marky Mark and The Funky Bunch \u2013 \u201cGood Vibrations\u201d [PAR] 48 Matchbox Twenty \u2013 \u201c3 AM\u201d [PAR] 49 Jewel \u2013 \u201cWho Will Save Your Soul\u201d [PAR] 50 Alice in Chains \u2013 \u201cMan in the Box\u201d [PAR] 51 Tupac (Feat. Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman) \u2013 \u201cCalifornia Love\u201d [PAR] 52 Sugar Ray \u2013 \u201cFly\u201d [PAR] 53 Naughty by Nature \u2013 \u201cO.P.P.\u201d [PAR] 54 Joan Osborne \u2013 \u201cOne of Us\u201d [PAR] 55 Fiona Apple \u2013 \u201cCriminal\u201d [PAR] 56 L.L. Cool J \u2013 \u201cMama Said Knock You Out\u201d [PAR] 57 Jay-Z featuring Amil and Ja Rule \u2013 \u201cCan I Get A\u2026\u201d [PAR] 58 Sophie B. Hawkins \u2013 \u201cDamn, I Wish I Was Your Lover\u201d [PAR] 59 Weezer \u2013 \u201cBuddy Holly\u201d [PAR] 60 Bell Biv DeVoe \u2013 \u201cPoison\u201d [PAR] 61 Sheryl Crow \u2013 \u201cAll I Wanna Do\u201d [PAR] 62 Live \u2013 \u201cI Alone\u201d [PAR] 63 The Notorious B.I.G. (Feat. Mase & Puff Daddy) \u2013 \u201cMo Money Mo Problems\u201d [PAR] 64 The Presidents of the United States of America \u2013 \u201cPeaches\u201d [PAR] 65 Digital Underground \u2013 \u201cThe Humpty Dance\u201d [PAR] 66 Edwin McCain \u2013 \u201cI\u2019ll Be\u201d [PAR] 67 Deee-Lite \u2013 \u201cGroove Is In The Heart\u201d [PAR] 68 Will Smith \u2013 \u201cGettin\u2019 Jiggy Wit It\u201d [PAR] 69 Korn \u2013 \u201cFreak on a Leash\u201d [PAR] 70 Jamiroquai \u2013 \u201cVirtual Insanity\u201d [PAR] 72 Barenaked Ladies \u2013 \u201cOne Week\u201d [PAR] 73 Marcy Playground \u2013 \u201cSex and Candy\u201d [PAR] 74 Cher \u2013 \u201cBelieve\u201d [PAR] 77 Ice Cube \u2013 \u201cIt Was a Good Day\u201d [PAR] 78 Lenny Kravitz \u2013 \u201cAre You Gonna Go My Way\u201d [PAR] 79 Meredith Brooks \u2013 \u201cBitch\u201d [PAR] 80 Right Said Fred \u2013 \u201cI\u2019m Too Sexy\u201d [PAR] 81 Paula Cole \u2013 \u201cI Don\u2019t Want to Wait\u201d [PAR] 82 Geto Boys \u2013 \u201cMind Playing Tricks on Me\u201d [PAR] 83 The Breeders \u2013 \u201cCannonball\u201d [PAR] 85 Cypress Hill \u2013 \u201cInsane In The Brain\u201d [PAR] 86 The Cranberries \u2013 \u201cLinger\u201d [PAR] 87 Billy Ray Cyrus \u2013 \u201cAchy Breaky Heart\u201d [PAR] 88 Duncan Sheik \u2013 \u201cBarely Breathing\u201d [PAR] 89 Liz Phair \u2013 \u201cNever Said\u201d [PAR] 90 New Radicals \u2013 \u201cYou Get What You Give\u201d [PAR] 91 Sarah McLachlan \u2013 \u201cBuilding a Mystery\u201d [PAR] 92 Public Enemy \u2013 \u201c911 Is A Joke\u201d [PAR] 93 Lisa Loeb & Nine Stories \u2013 \u201cStay\u201d [PAR] 94 Fastball \u2013 \u201cThe Way\u201d [PAR] 95 Montell Jordan \u2013 \u201cThis is How We Do It\u201d [PAR] 96 Nelson \u2013 \u201c(Can\u2019t Live Without Your) Love and Affection\u201d [PAR] 97 Prince & The New Power Generation \u2013 \u201cGett Off\u201d [PAR] 98 EMF \u2013 \u201cUnbelievable\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory - Tourism Australia Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory - Tourism Australia [PAR] Kakadu National Park [PAR] Australia.com does not support the internet browser you are using. Please upgrade to a more recent browser so that you can explore the destinations and experiences that await you as you plan your Australian holiday. [PAR] Welcome to the official Australian tourism website. This site uses cookies. Find out more . [PAR] Today's weather at Kakadu National Park [PAR] Come and explore World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park, around three hours east of Darwin. [PAR] Immerse yourself in World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park, a natural and cultural wonder around three hours from Darwin. Discover detailed Aboriginal art galleries, hike to the top of rugged escarpments and cruise the wetlands past waterlilies, waterfalls, crocodiles and migratory birds. Drive the Nature's Way route from Darwin, or add Katherine and Arnhem Land for a longer Top End adventure. [PAR] What you can see in Kakadu [PAR] See rare flora and fauna, four wheel drive to stunning gorges and see Aboriginal rock art created by the Dreamtime ancestors of the traditional owners. [PAR] Kakadu National Park Highlights [PAR] Kakadu National Park Highlights [PAR] It has been 30 years since Crocodile Dundee captivated the international film market, shining a spotlight on Australia\u2019s Northern Territory. The spectacular scenery of the Northern Territory and rugged Kakadu landscapes have certainly not lost any of their appeal, and there are so many ways you can experience Kakadu. [PAR] The Ancient Art of Kakadu [PAR] The Ancient Art of Kakadu [PAR] The Ancient Art of Kakadu [PAR] In amongst the wetlands, wildlife and rugged gorges, World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park holds one of the highest concentrated areas of rock art in the world. As many as 5,000 Aboriginal sites have been found here, including rock art, shelters, stone tools, grindstones and ceremonial ochre. This detailed, dramatic record of life in Kakadu stretches back more than 50,000 years - from the first evidence of human occupation to the arrival of Europeans. [PAR] Litchfield National Park [PAR] Litchfield National Park, with its lush woodlands, spectacular waterfalls, sparkling plunge pools and tall termite mounds is an increasingly popular trip from Darwin. In Northern Territory terms it's just a short two-hour drive away. What's more all the main natural attractions - including Buley Rockhole and the dramatic Florence, Tolmer and Wangi falls - are easily accessible from Litchfield's main road. Check out the cleverly-constructed termite mounds, swim in pandanus-lined pools and take scenic walks on a day trip. Or stay, camp and hike or 4WD to the more remote reaches of the park. [PAR] Guide to Arnhem Land [PAR] Bordered by Kakadu National Park, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria, Arnhem Land is a vast, unspoiled wilderness area of more than 97,000 square kilometres (37,452 square miles). Rich in Aboriginal culture, Arnhem Land offers unique indigenous experiences, rock art and some of the best fishing in the world. [PAR] Nature's Way [PAR] Wind through the Adelaide and Mary River wetlands to World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park. Here you can bushwalk through rugged escarpments and lush rainforest and discover a treasure trove of Aboriginal rock ark. Learn about the Territory's pioneering history in Pine Creek and swim in crystal-clear waterholes in the tarzan landscape of Litchfield National Park. You can do this dream drive on a fully sealed road in a two-wheel-drive vehicle. [PAR] Katherine [PAR] The Northern Territory's Katherine region stretches from Dunmarra in the south to the Daly River region in the north. In total it covers an incredible"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gloria (TV Series 1982\u20131983) - IMDb Gloria (TV Series 1982\u20131983) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] This spin-off of \"All in the Family\" features the further adventures of Gloria Stivic and her son Joey. She and Mike are separated and she's gotten a job in a veterinarian's office. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 13 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 10 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 6 titles [PAR] created 03 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 26 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 818 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Gloria \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] The further misadventures of Archie Bunker, now the owner of a local pub, and his regulars. [PAR] Stars: Carroll O'Connor, Danielle Brisebois, Allan Melvin [PAR] A working class bigot constantly squabbles with his family over the important issues of the day. [PAR] Stars: Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner [PAR] 704 Hauser (TV Series 1994) [PAR] Comedy [PAR] Controversial show about a politically correct multi-ethnical family who moves into Archie Bunker's old house. [PAR] Stars: John Amos, Lynnie Godfrey, T.E. Russell [PAR] Checking In (TV Series 1981) [PAR] Comedy [PAR] The misadventures of Florence Johnson, a hotel maid who was previously seen serving the Jeffersons. [PAR] Stars: Marla Gibbs, Patrick Collins, Robert Costanzo [PAR] The sit-com takes us into the further adventures of the characters from the movie of the same name. [PAR] Stars: Rachel Dennison, Valerie Curtin, Sally Struthers [PAR] Emily Cates is left at home alone when a stranger breaks in and holds her hostage. [PAR] Director: Ivan Nagy [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] This spin-off of \"All in the Family\" features the further adventures of Gloria Stivic and her son Joey. She and Mike are separated and she's gotten a job in a veterinarian's office. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Carroll O'Connor was asked by Sally Strothers to play Archie in.the pilot but he refused because he thought the show was a bad idea. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] (United States) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] All in the Family actually spun off another show. You actually forgot another spin-off. Marla Gibb's character Florence from The Jeffersons was spun off in a series called Checking In (1981). It did not last and her character returned to her original show. That was a plus for The Jeffersons. She was brilliant on the original show but the writing was very weak on her spin-off. [PAR] Another show that caused multiple spin-offs was Love American Style...which gave us Happy Days which gave us Laverne and Shirley, Mork and Mindy, Joanie Loves Chacchi and Out of the Blue. In Mork and Out characters appeared only once in Happy Days and then they were spun off into their own series. [PAR] 2 of 8 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young \u2014 Free listening, videos ... Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] 70s [PAR] Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young is a folk-rock supergroup formed when Crosby, Stills & Nash ( Stephen Stills of Buffalo Springfield , David Crosby from the Byrds , and Graham Nash from the Hollies ) asked Neil Young , also of Buffalo Springfield to join them in 1969 and form \"Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young\". Commonly referred to by their initials CSNY, the band is primarily known for their four-part vocal harmonies. They were one of the few North American groups that rivaled the Beatles\u2026 read more[DOC] [TLE] Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young | New Music And Songs - MTV Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young [PAR] About Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young [PAR] The musical partnership of David Crosby (born August 14, 1941), Stephen Stills (born January 3, 1945), and Graham Nash (born February 2, 1942), with and without Neil Young (born November 12, 1945), was not only one of the most successful touring and recording acts of the late '60s, '70s, and early '80s -- with the colorful, contrasting nature of the members' characters and their connection to the political and cultural upheavals of the time -- it was arguably the only American-based band to approach the overall societal impact of the Beatles. The group was a second marriage for all the participants when it came together in 1968: Crosby had been a member of the Byrds, Nash was in the Hollies, and Stills had been part of Buffalo Springfield. The resulting trio, however, sounded like none of its predecessors and was characterized by a unique vocal blend and a musical approach that ranged from acoustic folk to melodic pop to hard rock. CSN's debut album, released in 1969, was perfectly in tune with the times, and the group was an instant hit. By the time of their first tour (which included the Woodstock festival), they had added Young, also a veteran of Buffalo Springfield, who maintained a solo career. [PAR] The first CSNY album, D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu, was a chart-topping hit in 1970, but the group split acrimoniously after a summer tour. 4 Way Street, a live double album issued after the breakup, was another number one hit. (When it was finally released on CD in 1992, it was lengthened with more live material.) In 1974, CSNY re-formed for a summer stadium tour without releasing a new record. Nevertheless, the compilation So Far became their third straight number one. Crosby, Stills & Nash re-formed without Young in 1977 for the album CSN, another giant hit. They followed with Daylight Again in 1982, but by then Crosby was in the throes of drug addiction and increasing legal problems. He was in jail in 1985-1986, but cleaned up and returned to action, with the result that CSNY reunited for only their second studio album, American Dream, in 1988. CSN followed with Live It Up in 1990, and though that album was a commercial disappointment, the trio remained a popular live act; it embarked on a 25th anniversary tour in the summer of 1994 and released a new album, After the Storm. The trio again reunited with Young for 1999's Looking Forward, followed in 2000 by their CSNY2K tour. ~ William Ruhlmann, Rovi [PAR] Hear more of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Primary History - Famous People - John Logie Baird BBC - Primary History - Famous People - John Logie Baird [PAR] John Logie Baird [PAR] Why is Baird famous? [PAR] What Baird did [PAR] John Logie Baird was a pioneer of television. Other people helped to invent television (TV). But Baird was the first to show TV pictures to the world. [PAR] When did he live? [PAR] Baird was born in 1888. He was born before there was radio or television. There were few cars on the roads, and no planes in the skies. When Baird died in 1946, there were rockets, jet planes, the first computers - and television. [PAR] TV changed the world [PAR] Baird's television showed 'live' pictures in people's homes. TV today works on a different system from Baird's. However, by showing that TV was possible, Baird helped change the world. Today, almost every home has television. [PAR] Growing up [PAR] Baird's family [PAR] John Logie Baird was born in Scotland. He lived in the small fishing town of Helensburgh. His father John was a Christian church minister. His mother, Jessie Inglis, was from Glasgow. [PAR] John was born on 13 August 1888. He had an older brother James, and two older sisters, Annie and Jean (known as 'Tottie'). [PAR] School days [PAR] John hated school. He was often ill, so he missed lessons. He did not like games lessons, after which the boys had to take cold baths! [PAR] He saved his pocket money to buy a camera. He was excited by cameras, cars and telephones. [PAR] The young engineer [PAR] When John was 12, he made his own telephone. He joined his phone to the homes of four friends, by hanging wires from trees and chimneys. He had to take down his wires after the driver of a horse bus had his hat knocked off! [PAR] John and his friend Godfrey made a glider . Somehow it flew off the roof with John in it! He was lucky not to be badly hurt when the glider crashed in the garden. [PAR] Ahead of the times [PAR] The Bairds' house was the first in the town to have electricity. At 13, John built a generator , to make electric power to light the house. [PAR] Sometimes he behaved like an absent-minded professor. How his cousins laughed when he scratched his head, holding a sticky porridge spoon! [PAR] Becoming an inventor [PAR] Student days [PAR] Baird liked science. He loved stories about the future. One day people might send pictures through the air. Radio (then called 'wireless') did this with sounds. Why not pictures? [PAR] In 1906, aged 18, Baird went to college in Glasgow to study engineering. It took him eight years to finish, because he had time off for illness. [PAR] Making money [PAR] World War I began in 1914. Baird tried to join the Army, but was unfit. So he worked in a factory . He did not like it, and felt sorry for factory workers. He went into business on his own, hoping to get rich. [PAR] Baird in business [PAR] Baird sold medicines. He invented a shaving razor made of glass (so it would not rust). He sold extra warm socks for soldiers. [PAR] He was still not well. His doctor told him he needed sunshine. So Baird went to the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. He started a factory making jam and pickles. [PAR] Mystery experiments [PAR] People passing Baird's house were puzzled. What were those strange flashing lights? Baird was busy with experiments ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Licence to Kill (song) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Licence to Kill (song) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Licence to Kill (song) [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Licence to Kill is the theme song of the Bond film of the same name. It was written by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen, and Walter Afanasieff. The song was performed by the legendary \"Empress of Soul\", Gladys Knight . [PAR] Lyrics [PAR] I feel, I've got to hold on to your love, [PAR] Hey baby, thought you were the one who tried to run away, [PAR] ohh, baby, wasn't I the one who made you want to stay? [PAR] please don't bet that you'll ever escape me, [PAR] once I get my sights on you. [PAR] Got a license to kill, [PAR] and you know I'm going straight for your heart, [PAR] got a license to kill, [PAR] anyone who tries to tear us apart, [PAR] license to kill. [PAR] Hey baby, think you need a friend to stand here by your side? [PAR] yes you do, [PAR] ohh, baby, now you can depend on me to make things right, [PAR] please don't bet that you'll ever escape me, [PAR] once I get my sights on you. [PAR] Got a license to kill, [PAR] and you know I'm going straight for your heart, [PAR] got a license to kill, [PAR] anyone who tries to tear us apart. [PAR] Say that somebody tries to make a move on you, [PAR] In the blink of an eye, I will be there too, [PAR] and they better know why I'm gonna make them 'em pay, [PAR] till their dying day,[DOC] [TLE] Licence to Kill Theme Song - James Bond - YouTube Licence to Kill Theme Song - James Bond - YouTube [PAR] Licence to Kill Theme Song - James Bond [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 13, 2012 [PAR] The theme tune to 007, Licence to Kill, performed by Gladys Knight. For entertainment purposes only, I do not claim ownership or rights of this production. Copyright is held by its respective owners, including EMI and MGM. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson \u2014 Black or White \u2014 Listen ... - Last.fm Michael Jackson \u2014 Black or White \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] dance [PAR] \"Black or White\" is the lead single from Michael Jackson's Dangerous album. It was released in November, 11 1991. \"Black or White\" is a mix of rock, and dance-pop.Written, composed, and arranged by Jackson with the rap lyrics by Bill Bottrell, it is a song that promotes racial harmony. The song's introduction and main riff are performed by guitarist Slash and Bill Bottrell. [PAR] The song peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, the UK Singles Chart\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks[DOC] [TLE] Black Or White by Michael Jackson Songfacts Black Or White by Michael Jackson Songfacts [PAR] Black Or White by Michael Jackson Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] The lyrics of this song are a plea for racial tolerance. Jackson wrote it with producer Bill Bottrell, who also worked with Jackson on his Bad album and won the 1994 Grammy for Record of the Year for Sheryl Crow's \" All I Wanna Do .\" [PAR] Slash of Guns 'N' Roses was often misattributed as playing the guitar intro. He did play on the song \"Give in to Me\" from the Dangerous album, but definitely not \"Black Or White,\" which he made clear in a Spinner interview. Said Slash: \"It just doesn't sound like me, anyone would know that. It's not the guitar sound you would expect from me, but somehow I got pigeonholed as the guy who played on that song.\" [PAR] The video featured a morphing technique that was very innovative at the time. Macaulay Culkin and George Wendt (Norm from the sitcom Cheers) appeared in it, as well as Tyra Banks before she gained supermodel status. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Michael - Nobleton, Canada [PAR] The 11-minute music video, helmed by \" Thriller \" director John Landis, got a lot of hype. It premiered on MTV, BET, and Fox at the exact same time, and was perhaps the most controversial video ever recorded by Jackson, showing him dancing and destroying all things racist, including a swastika used by the Nazis. During the last four minutes of the clip, which were excised after protests, Jackson also performed some rather explicit crotch grabs, threw a garbage can through a store window, and destroyed a car. [PAR] In response to the controversy, Jackson said: \"It upsets me to think that 'Black or White' could influence any child or adult to destructive behavior, either sexual or violent.\" >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Chris - London, England [PAR] R&B and hip-hop helmsman Teddy Riley was the main producer on many of Dangerous' tracks. He explained to Musicradar.com his contribution on this song: \"I added the percussion to the track. I used wood percussion \u2013 cow bells, shakers and things like that. Producer Bill Bottrell had an EIII drum machine playing loops. I sat with the track for a while then I said, 'OK, this is a good track. But what it needs is instrumentation'. It had the guitars and Slash from Guns N' Roses on there but I felt if it was going to play live and acoustical, then we'd need to add some acoustical percussion. It was the case that I'd find the tracks very studio sounding and I wanted to add the live funk to them.\" [PAR] A rapper known as LTB performed the rap on this song, which was lip-synched by Macaulay Culkin in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keyboard problems with my laptop - TechSpot Forums Keyboard problems with my laptop - TechSpot Forums [PAR] TechSpot Forums [PAR] 1 2 3 Next > [PAR] I bought a laptop recently and one day I fell asleep while watching a movie on it and I think my daughter might have spilled something on it because when I woke up certain keys type more than one character when you touch them. ex. i8 w\\ j7 [PAR] Is this a fixable problem? Can I somehow take the keys off and clean under them? I tried reformatting and reinstalling windows but to no avail. [PAR] help me please [PAR] #1 [PAR] Nodsu TS Rookie Posts: 5,837 +6 [PAR] Yes, you can open the thing up and clean it. You might want to let professionals do it though - laptops are rather difficult to take apart and put together. [PAR] [PAR] Matrim TS Rookie Topic Starter [PAR] kinda what I figured but I was hoping I could do it myself [PAR] Oh well [PAR] NINA412 TS Rookie [PAR] AM having problems with Keyboard with my laptop [PAR] can someone please help me ..........my key board types different letters if i hit like letter \"M\" i get letter \"O\" \"K\" brings figure \"2\" instead .... AND [PAR] i - 5 [PAR] CAN SAMEONE TELL ME IF I CAN fix this on my own [PAR] THANK YOU [PAR] Peddant TS Rookie Posts: 1,446 [PAR] Matrim said: [PAR] Is this a fixable problem? Can I somehow take the keys off and clean under [PAR] Click to expand... [PAR] This tells you what`s possible - http://www.computing.net/howto/simple/keyboard/ [PAR] [PAR] #5 [PAR] Nodsu TS Rookie Posts: 5,837 +6 [PAR] You have turned Num Lock on and you get the numbers that are printed on these very keys. Turn off Num Lock. [PAR] [PAR] tdeg TS Rookie Posts: 119 [PAR] What kinda of laptop is it? [PAR] We can probably provide better information if you give us more. [PAR] [PAR] keyboard problem with my laptop [PAR] i have gatway laptop [PAR] can you please help me? [PAR] thank you [PAR] howard_hopkinso TS Rookie Posts: 24,177 +19 [PAR] Hello and welcome to Techspot. [PAR] Nodsu said: [PAR] You have turned Num Lock on and you get the numbers that are printed on these very keys. Turn off Num Lock. [PAR] Click to expand... [PAR] Have you made sure that numlock is not activated, as Nodsu suggested? [PAR] Regards Howard :wave: :wave: [PAR] my Num Lock oof [PAR] i have gatway laptop.... AM having problems with Keyboard [PAR] can someone please help me ..........my key board types different letters if i hit like letter \"M\" i get letter \"O\" \"K\" brings figure \"2\" instead .... AND [PAR] i - 5 [PAR] CAN SAMEONE TELL ME IF I CAN fix this on my own [PAR] i have the Num Lock off [PAR] THANK YOU [PAR] howard_hopkinso TS Rookie Posts: 24,177 +19 [PAR] If it`s not a numlock problem, It`s probably a faulty keyboard. [PAR] You did say that there might have been something spilled on it. [PAR] Nodsu did suggest you take it in and let the pros have a look at it. [PAR] Regards Howard [PAR] Gateway Laptop Keyboard problem [PAR] Nina412: [PAR] I had the exact problem with my keyboard today. If you look at the bottom row of keys on the left hand side, there is a fn key, next to the Ctrl key -press and hold the fn key and then hit f9 key. This will fix your problem [PAR] [PAR] hchackenbush TS Rookie [PAR] Thanks & Props"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This is Flint, Michigan, in all its pain and all its glory ... This is Flint, Michigan, in all its pain and all its glory | Grist [PAR] Trust in the Rust Belt [PAR] This is Flint, Michigan, in all its pain and all its glory [PAR] By Wes Janz on Feb 17, 2011 [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Buick City parking lot, 2010.Photos: Wes Janz, except when notedCross-posted from Places [at] Design Observer , an online journal of architecture, landscape and urbanism, published in partnership with Design Observer. [PAR] \u201cDistressed are big chunks of Detroit, Flint, Gary, Chicago, East St. Louis, and Cincinnati.\u201d This is what I wrote after completing the weeklong Midwess Distress Tour with my Ball State colleague Olon Dotson and a dozen architecture students in October 2006. \u201cDepressed. Dysfunctioned. Disoriented. Devolved. Dissed. Dissing. How many abandoned buildings should I photograph and take others to photograph before we get the picture? How many houses do you have to see being torn from a city\u2019s fabric before the tearing of one life from another no longer registers? When should you stop, or start, caring?\u201d [PAR] After \u201cMidwess,\u201d I saved an email that Glenn Johnson, a property manager at a local land bank who led our tour of Flint, wrote to one student: \u201cI was born here. I would never leave here for good. All that it is and all that it isn\u2019t,\u201d Glenn wrote, \u201cFlint, Michigan, will always be home to me.\u201d [PAR] Flint is a city I return to, its deep decline and the determination I find among its residents haunting me, challenging me. We did a second weeklong driving tour in October 2008 \u2014 again with Olon, and with planning professor Nihal Perera and a group of students \u2014 to Cleveland and Youngstown, Ohio; Braddock, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Scranton, and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; and Camden, New Jersey. This tour, the Distress Too Tour , along with estimates of 10,000 to 12,000 abandoned houses in my home city of Indianapolis, led to more questions. I became convinced that the pain of the Rust Belt has got to be understood, especially by today\u2019s students, by our future architects and designers. This world of central city abandonment, institutional racism, intransigent poverty, unending decline of the physical infrastructure \u2014 this is a world they need to know, to come to grips with and maybe get involved with as citizens and as architects. That meant that I had to get involved, had to dig deeper into one place to give dimension and depth to my curiosity. I needed to know more about Flint and its people. [PAR] Flint is where the American automaker General Motors was founded in 1908. The city grew as a company town, with several generations of workers and families benefitting from the coast to coast appetite for automobiles that followed both World Wars. Forty years ago, Flint was still home to 190,000 people, with 80,000 locals employed in GM plants. When community leaders imagined the future, they did so with confidence, envisioniong a Flint, their \u201cVehicle City,\u201d with 250,000 residents. This was, this would be, a place that mattered. [PAR] Buick City, 1913.Photo: Michigan Radio Picture ProjectFlint is shrinking. Over time, the hubris of the Big Three, of GM, Ford, and Chrysler \u2014 evident in the declines in product quality, the inroads made by foreign auto manufacturers and the assaults targeted at unions nationwide \u2014 brought down the U.S. auto industry and buckled the day-to-day routines, expectations, and dreams of all Flintians. Between the years following WWII and today, GM eliminated 70,000 local jobs (if not more) and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trotsky assassinated in Mexico - Aug 20, 1940 - History.com Trotsky assassinated in Mexico - Aug 20, 1940 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Trotsky assassinated in Mexico [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky is fatally wounded by an ice-ax-wielding assassin at his compound outside Mexico City. The killer\u2013Ram\u00f3n Mercader\u2013was a Spanish communist and probable agent of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Trotsky died from his wounds the next day. [PAR] Born in the Ukraine of Russian-Jewish parents in 1879, Trotsky embraced Marxism as a teenager and later dropped out of the University of Odessa to help organize the underground South Russian Workers\u2019 Union. In 1898, he was arrested for his revolutionary activities and sent to prison. In 1900, he was exiled to Siberia. [PAR] In 1902, he escaped to England using a forged passport under the name of Leon Trotsky (his original name was Lev Davidovich Bronshtein). In London, he collaborated with Bolshevik revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Lenin but later sided with the Menshevik factions that advocated a democratic approach to socialism. With the outbreak of the Russian Revolution of 1905, Trotsky returned to Russia and was again exiled to Siberia when the revolution collapsed. In 1907, he again escaped. [PAR] During the next decade, he was expelled from a series of countries because of his radicalism, living in Switzerland, Paris, Spain, and New York City before returning to Russia at the outbreak of the revolution in 1917. Trotsky played a leading role in the Bolsheviks\u2019 seizure of power, conquering most of Petrograd before Lenin\u2019s triumphant return in November. Appointed Lenin\u2019s secretary of foreign affairs, he negotiated with the Germans for an end to Russian involvement in World War I. In 1918, he became war commissioner and set about building up the Red Army, which succeeded in defeating anti-communist opposition in the Russian Civil War. In the early 1920s, Trotsky seemed the heir apparent of Lenin, but he lost out in the struggle of succession after Lenin fell ill in 1922. [PAR] In 1924, Lenin died, and Joseph Stalin emerged as leader of the USSR. Against Stalin\u2019s stated policies, Trotsky called for a continuing world revolution that would inevitably result in the dismantling of the increasingly bureaucratic Soviet state. He also criticized the new regime for suppressing democracy in the Communist Party and for failing to develop adequate economic planning. In response, Stalin and his supporters launched a propaganda counterattack against Trotsky. In 1925, he was removed from his post in the war commissariat. One year later, he was expelled from the Politburo and in 1927 from the Communist Party. In January 1928, Trotsky was deported by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to Alma-Ata in remote Soviet Central Asia. He lived there in internal exile for a year before being banished from the USSR forever by Stalin. [PAR] He was received by the government of Turkey and settled on the island of Prinkipo, where he worked on finishing his autobiography and history of the Russian Revolution. After four years in Turkey, Trotsky lived in France and then Norway and in 1936 was granted asylum in Mexico. Settling with his family in a suburb of Mexico City, he was found guilty of treason in absentia during Stalin\u2019s purges of his political foes. He survived a machine gun attack carried out by Stalinist agents, but on August 20, 1940, fell prey to Ram\u00f3n Mercader, a Spanish communist who had won the confidence of the Trotsky household. The Soviet government denied responsibility, and Mercader was sentenced to 20 years in prison by Mexican authorities. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A world without love - Peter and Gordon - YouTube A world without love - Peter and Gordon - YouTube [PAR] A world without love - Peter and Gordon [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 25, 2007 [PAR] This is Lennon/McCartney masterpiece A World Without Love. [PAR] Peter and Gordon were one of the greatest pop-rock duos of the sixties, formed by Peter Asher and Gordon Waller [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] I Go to Pieces - Peter & Gordon - YouTube I Go to Pieces - Peter & Gordon - YouTube [PAR] I Go to Pieces - Peter & Gordon [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 20, 2007 [PAR] Peter & Gordon were a British Invasion-era performing duo, formed by Peter Asher and Gordon Waller, that rocketed to fame in 1964 with \"A World Without Love\". Peter Asher's sister (the actress Jane Asher) was dating Paul McCartney (of The Beatles), and so Peter & Gordon recorded several songs written by McCartney, with or without John Lennon. \"I Go To Pieces\" was written by Del Shannon and given to the duo after the two acts toured together [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennessee Williams Biography - life, family, children ... Tennessee Williams Biography - life, family, children, parents, name, story, death, wife, school [PAR] Tennessee Williams Biography [PAR] New York, New York [PAR] American dramatist, playwright, and writer [PAR] Tennessee Williams, dramatist and fiction writer, was one of America's major mid-twentieth-century playwrights. He is best known for his powerful plays, A Streetcar Named Desire and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. [PAR] Becoming Tennessee [PAR] Tennessee Williams was born Thomas Lanier Williams in Columbus, Mississippi, on March 26, 1914, the second of three children of Cornelius and Edwina Williams. His father, a traveling salesman, was rarely home and for many years the family lived with his mother's parents. As a result, the young boy developed a close relationship with his grandfather, and also his older sister, Rose. William's family life was never a happy one. His parents were resentful of each other, his mother once describing her husband as \"a man's man\" who loved to gamble and drink. When his father obtained a position at a shoe factory, the family moved to a crowded, low-rent apartment in St. Louis, Missouri. [PAR] About this time, young Thomas adopted the name Tennessee (presumably because many of his descendants hailed from that state). Williams grew to hate St. Louis. He and his sisters were often ridiculed by other students because of their Southern accent. He also skipped school regularly and did poorly in his studies, preferring instead to escape into the world of reading and writing. [PAR] At the age of sixteen Williams published his first story. The next year he entered the University of Missouri but left before taking a degree. He worked for two years for a shoe company, spent a year at Washington University (where he had his first plays produced), and earned a bachelor of arts degree from the State University of Iowa in 1938, the year he published his first short story under his literary name, Tennessee Williams. [PAR] In 1940 the Theatre Guild produced Williams's Battle of Angels in Boston, Massachusetts. The play was a total failure and was withdrawn after Boston's Watch and Ward Society banned it. Between 1940 and 1945 he lived on grants (donated money) from the Rockefeller Foundation and the American Academy of Arts and Letters, on income scraped together from an attempt to write film scripts in Hollywood, and on wages as a waiter-entertainer in Greenwich Village in New York City. [PAR] Accomplished playwright [PAR] With the production of The Glass Menagerie Williams's fortunes changed. The play opened in Chicago, Illinois, in December 1944 and in New York City in March; it received the New York Drama Critics Circle Award and the Sidney Howard Memorial Award. You Touched Me!, written with Donald Windham, opened on Broadway in 1945. It was followed by publication of eleven one-act plays, 27 Wagons Full of Cotton (1946), and two California productions. When A Streetcar Named Desire opened in 1947, New York audiences knew a major playwright had [PAR] Tennessee Williams. [PAR] Library of Congress [PAR] . [PAR] arrived. A Streetcar Named Desire won a Pulitzer Prize. The play combines sensuality, melodrama, and lyrical symbolism (a poetic representation of significant things). A film version was directed by Elia Kazan (1909\u2013) and their partnership lasted for more than a decade. [PAR] Although the plays that followed Streetcar never repeated its overwhelming success, they kept Williams's name on theater marquees and in films. His novel The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1950) and three volumes of short stories brought him an even wider audience. Some writers consider Summer and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Golda Meir Biography (Prime Minister of Israel) - Infoplease Golda Meir Biography (Prime Minister of Israel) [PAR] Prime Minister of Israel [PAR] Died: 8 December 1978 (cancer) [PAR] Birthplace: Kiev, Russia(now the Ukraine) [PAR] Best known as: The first female prime minister of Israel [PAR] Name at birth: Goldie Mabovitch [PAR] Golda Meir was the fourth prime minister of Israel and one of the most visible women in international affairs for nearly two decades. Born in Russia but raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, she settled on a kibbutz in British Mandate Palestine with her American husband, Morris Meyerson, in 1921. As Golda Meir (her adopted name), she became active in Zionist politics, and after Israel gained independence in 1948 she served as ambassador to the Soviet Union (1948), was elected to the Knesset (1949) and was named the country's foreign minister (1956-65). Strong-willed and fiercely protective of Israel, she became an international symbol of Israeli resolve. After the death of Prime Minister Levi Eshkol in 1969, Meir came out of retirement to become, at age 71, prime minister. Her handling of the Arab-Israeli War of 1973 (the Yom Kippur War) was widely critized, as were her attempts to garner peace for Israel after the war, and she resigned in 1974. She was succeeded by Yitzhak Rabin . Meir published an autobiography, My Life, in 1975. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Meir and Meyerson were married in 1917. They separated in 1928, but never divorced. They had two children: Menaham (b. 1924) and Sara (b. 1926)\u2026 She was played by Ingrid Bergman in the 1982 TV movie A Woman Called Golda\u2026 In the stage play, Golda, she was portrayed by Anne Bancroft . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jersey Boys Movie vs True Story - Real Frankie Valli ... Jersey Boys Movie vs True Story - Real Frankie Valli, Tommy DeVito [PAR] Born: February 9, 1943 [PAR] Birthplace: Newark, New Jersey, USA [PAR] When we were trying to get Jersey Boys off the ground, I'd get, 'The Four Seasons? Who's going to care? There's the Beatles, there's the Rolling Stones.' But people know those stories. Here was a story no one knew. [PAR] -Frankie Valli (Parade Magazine, June 6, 2014) [PAR] Questioning the Story: [PAR] Did actor and fellow New Jersey native Joe Pesci really introduce Frankie Valli and Tommy DeVito to future Four Seasons member Bob Gaudio? [PAR] Joe Pesci (center) at the 2006 Tony Awards with friends Frankie Valli (left), Bob Gaudio (back), and Tommy DeVito (right). [PAR] Yes. According to the Jersey Boys true story, Hollywood actor Joe Pesci ( Goodfellas , Casino , My Cousin Vinny) was a friend of group member Tommy DeVito. Pesci was around during the group's formation and was responsible for introducing DeVito and Valli to singer/songwriter Bob Gaudio. In addition to the Jersey Boys movie, Joe Pesci is also featured in the musical. Keep an eye out for the movie scene where the Joe Pesci character, portrayed by Joseph Russo, repeats the real Joe Pesci's famous line from Goodfellas, \"Funny how?\" [PAR] Was Joe Pesci's character from Goodfellas, Tommy DeVito, inspired by Four Seasons band member Tommy DeVito? [PAR] No. Despite Joe Pesci having been friends with The Four Seasons members, specifically Tommy DeVito, the character named Tommy DeVito that Joe Pesci plays in director Martin Scorsese's 1990 film Goodfellas is not based on The Four Seasons band member. [PAR] Did some of The Four Seasons members really have prison records? [PAR] Yes. Several of The Four Seasons members had been behind bars at one time or another, most notably Tommy DeVito and Nick Massi. Tommy DeVito, portrayed by Vincent Piazza in the movie, was in and out of prison. \"Yeah, I went to jail seven or eight times,\" says DeVito. \"I'm not proud of it, but I'm not ashamed of it. My neighborhood was rough. If you come out alive, that's an achievement.\" -Vegas Seven [PAR] The media never caught wind of the group's sordid history, a detail that in the 1960s would have likely kept them from becoming stars. Instead, the band put forth a clean-cut image that mainstream audiences embraced without hesitation. \"We were so afraid that if anybody found out we had members who'd done time, radio and record companies wouldn't have anything to do with us,\" says the real Frankie Valli. -Parade Magazine [PAR] Did they really change the name of their group to The Four Seasons after seeing the name on a bowling alley sign? [PAR] Yes. Like in the Jersey Boys movie, the true story reveals that they came up with the name after auditioning for a cocktail lounge gig in a large suburban bowling alley in Union, New Jersey in early 1961. They were turned down for the job but decided to use the name of the lounge as their new moniker. [PAR] The real Bob Crewe (bottom right) was perhaps most influential for his role in co-writing and producing The Four Seasons hit 1967 single \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\". Actor Mike Doyle (top) portrays Bob Crewe in the movie. [PAR] Were Frankie Valli and Tommy DeVito really friends with mobster Angelo \"Gyp\" DeCarlo? [PAR] Yes. \"I got to know these guys because they owned the bars,\" says Valli. \"They didn't call me to say, 'Hey, here's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Anjelica Huston [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 59 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (39) | Personal Quotes (13) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Anjelica Huston was born on July 8, 1951 in Santa Monica, California, to prima ballerina Enrica \"Ricki\" (Soma) and director and actor John Huston . Her mother, who was from New York, was of Italian descent, and her father had English, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Huston spent most of her childhood overseas, in Ireland and England, and in 1969 first dipped her toe into the acting profession, taking a few small roles in her father's movies. However, in that year her mother died in a car accident, at 39, and Huston relocated to the United States, where the tall, exotically beautiful young woman modeled for several years. [PAR] While modeling, Huston had a few more small film roles, but decided to focus more on movies in the early 1980s. She prepared herself by reaching out to acting coach Peggy Feury and began to get roles. The first notable part was in Bob Rafelson 's remake of the classic noir movie The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981) (in which Jack Nicholson , with whom Huston was living at the time, was the star). After a few more years of on-again, off-again supporting work, her father perfectly cast her as calculating, imperious Maerose, the daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man (Nicholson again) in his film adaptation of Richard Condon 's Mafia-satire novel Prizzi's Honor (1985). Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, making her the first person in Academy Award history to win an Oscar when a parent and a grandparent (her father and grandfather Walter Huston ) had also won one. [PAR] Huston thereafter worked prolifically, including notable roles in Francis Ford Coppola 's - Gardens of Stone (1987), Barry Sonnenfeld 's film versions of the Charles Addams cartoons The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993), in which she portrayed Addams matriarch Morticia, Wes Anderson 's The Royal Tenenbaums (2001) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004). Probably her finest performance on-screen, however, was as Lilly, the veteran, iron-willed con artist in Stephen Frears ' The Grifters (1990), for which she received another Oscar nomination, this time for Best Actress. A sentimental favorite is her performance as the lead in her father's final film, an adaptation of James Joyce 's The Dead (1987) -- with her many years of residence in Ireland, Huston's Irish accent in the film is authentic. [PAR] Endowed with her father's great height and personal boldness, and her mother's beauty and aristocratic nose, Huston certainly cuts an imposing figure, and brings great confidence and authority to her performances. She clearly takes her craft seriously and has come into her own as a strong actress, emerging from under the shadow of her father, who passed away in 1987. Huston married the sculptor Robert Graham in 1992, The couple lived in the Los Angeles area before Graham's death in 2008. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Larry-115 [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] Daughter of John Huston and Ricki Soma. [PAR] Lived in Ireland when she was young. [PAR] Younger sister of Tony Huston . [PAR] She had a brief career as a model. [PAR] Currently lives in Pacific Palisades, California. [PAR] Is the third generation of Oscar winners."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carrasco International Airport, Uruguay (Code :: MVD ... Carrasco International Airport, Uruguay (Code :: MVD) | Montevideo Airport Map, Carrasco International Airport Code [PAR] Timezone : America/Montevideo [PAR] Carrasco International Airport Timezone : GMT -03:00 hours [PAR] Current time and date at Carrasco International Airport is 19:51:41 PM (UYT) on Friday, Jan 13, 2017 [PAR] Looking for information on Carrasco International Airport, Montevideo, Uruguay? Know about Carrasco International Airport in detail. Find out the location of Carrasco International Airport on Uruguay map and also find out airports near to Montevideo. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is Carrasco International Airport located and also provide information like hotels near Carrasco International Airport, airlines operating to Carrasco International Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in Uruguay. Scroll down to know more about Carrasco International Airport or Montevideo Airport, Uruguay. [PAR] Carrasco International Airport Map - Location of Carrasco International Airport [PAR] Load Map [PAR] This page provides all the information you need to know about Carrasco International Airport, Uruguay. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting Uruguay or traveling to Montevideo Airport. [PAR] Details about Montevideo Airport given here include [PAR] Carrasco International Airport Code - IATA Code (3 letter airport codes) and ICAO Code (4 letter airport codes) [PAR] Coordinates of Montevideo Airport - Latitude and Longitude (Lat and Long) of Carrasco International Airport [PAR] Location of Carrasco International Airport - City Name, Country, Country Codes etc... [PAR] Carrasco International Airport Time Zone and Current time at Carrasco International Airport [PAR] Address and contact details of Carrasco International Airport along with website address of the airport [PAR] Clickable Location Map of Carrasco International Airport on Google Map. [PAR] General information about Uruguay where Carrasco International Airport is located in the city of Montevideo. General information include capital of Uruguay, currency and conversion rate of Uruguay currency, Telephone Country code, exchange rate against US Dollar and Euro in case of major world currencies etc... [PAR] MVD - Carrasco International Airport IATA Code and SUMU - Carrasco International Airport ICAO code"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chancellor Album Discography - bsnpubs.com Chancellor Album Discography [PAR] Chancellor Album Discography [PAR] By David Edwards and Mike Callahan [PAR] Last update: September 2, 2005 [PAR] Chancellor records was established in Philadelphia in 1957 by Bob Marcucci and Peter DeAngelis. They were originally housed in a hotel, which had a restaurant called the Chancellor Room, from whence they got their name. The record company benefitted from the exposure they were able to get on the locally-based but nationally broadcast American Bandstand. Almost from the start, Chancellor was distributed by ABC- Paramount. [PAR] Bob Marcucci was one of the great promoters in rock and roll. He could take good looking, ethnic type teenagers of questionable singing talent and promote them into rock and roll stars. The 1980 movie \"Idolmaker\" was loosely based on Bob Marcucci. The story of how he found Fabian has become a legend. According to Fabian, who was 14 at the time, \" I lived next door to a friend of Bob's. My father had had a heart attack, and there was an ambulance in front of our house. Bob was passing by and thought that his friend might be in trouble. He rushed up, and discovered that his friend was OK. He saw me, and asked if I'd ever thought about making records. I said that I hadn't, but he kept persisting. Several months later, I signed with him.\" [PAR] Frankie Avalon was another of Chancellor's stars, actually signed even before Fabian. Although he fit the \"teen idol\" image, he had been an accomplished musician for years, playing trumpet for a Philadelphia combo named Rocco and the Saints (led by a schoolteacher). He had recorded starting in 1952 (for RCA) and made many television appearances by the time he decided he wanted to be a singer and signed with Marcucci, figuring if James Darren could be a singing star, why not try it himself? Both Frankie Avalon and Fabian put a long series of hits on the charts from 1958 to 1962, which pretty much kept the label afloat. [PAR] By 1962, however, Fabian had stopped singing to concentrate on making movies. Frankie Avalon had also stopped having hits and was making a series of \"beach\" movies in Hollywood. With their two major stars gone, Chancellor faded. They tried to make dance records, following in the footsteps of another Philadelphia label, Cameo-Parkway, but were not successful. For all the reputation for finding handsome teen idol-type singers, by the time 1962 rolled around, Marcucci was putting together groups like the Panics who had little of the national appeal of a Frankie Avalon or Fabian. A cover shot of the Panics shows sisters Cindy and Misty (with frightening makeup and expressions) dancing in front of an oldish looking saxophone player (Tony Ferri). [Sonny Richards (drums), Dick Sharp (guitar) and Peter Mastrangelo (keyboards) rounded out the group.] In this case, \"The Idolmaker\" failed. [PAR] The hit \"Party Lights\" by Claudine Clark was pretty much the last gasp for Chancellor Records. [PAR] Except for perhaps the earliest recordings, the Chancellor material was recorded in stereo. They issued several stereo 45s in 1959-60. Many of the label's hits, however, never made it to LP, and there have been consistent rumors over the years that some tapes were misplaced. The recent CD issues on Taragon are listed here as an indication of stereo availability on the label. The Chancellor record numbers below are given with the mono number (e.g., CHL-5011) first, followed by the stereo number (e.g., CHLS- 5011). [PAR] The earliest Chancellor label was pink with black printing, \"CHANCELLOR\" in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helicopter Pilots Break Round-the-World Speed Record - WIRED Helicopter Pilots Break Round-the-World Speed Record | WIRED [PAR] Helicopter Pilots Break Round-the-World Speed Record [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] 3 hours [PAR] There is no future. There is no past. There is only Donald Glover rocking this look. bit.ly/2jEg1wW [PAR] Author: Dave Demerjian. Dave Demerjian Gear [PAR] Date of Publication: 08.18.08. [PAR] Time of Publication: 1:18 pm. [PAR] 1:18 pm [PAR] Helicopter Pilots Break Round-the-World Speed Record [PAR] Two pilots have flown a helicopter around the world in a record 13 days, breaking the previous record by four days during a trip that took them through 15 countries, 24 time zones and 30 states. [PAR] Scott Kasprowicz and Steve Sheik landed at LaGuardia Airport at 10:15 a.m. today, ending a whirlwind global journey that started with a record-setting jaunt across the Atlantic but nearly fell apart in Russia when lousy airports and an engine problem threatened to sideline them. But they kept at it, pushing themselves and their aircraft to the limits in pursuit of a dream. [PAR] \"Both Steve and I love a challenge,\" Kasprowicz told us. \"We figured flying around the world was pretty big.\" [PAR] Kasprowicz is an aircraft junkie with 30 years of experience who knows his way around a chopper. Earlier this year, he and Sheik flew from New York to Los Angeles in 15 hours, 9 minutes and 10 seconds to set a new transcontinental helicopter-speed record. [PAR] He got the idea for a round-the-world helicopter run two years ago when he first saw the AgustaWestland Grand and its two Pratt & Whitney PW207C [PAR] Turboshaft engines. With a range of 575 miles and a maximum cruising speed of 175 mph, it is, Kasporwicz says, unparalleled in sophistication and performance. \"I knew that if there was a rotorcraft that could help me break some records, it would be the Grand,\" he told us. [PAR] But he and Sheik didn\u2019t want to just break the record, they wanted to obliterate it and do it in a bone-stock chopper. The record they were gunning for \u2014 17 days, 6 hours, 14 minutes and 25 seconds \u2014 was set 12 years ago in a Bell 430 outfitted with an extra fuel tank, a bunk and other mods. [PAR] The Grand Adventure 2008 started August 7 in New York and followed a carefully plotted course that took them 20,000 nautical miles \u2014 roughly the circumference of Earth at the Tropic of Cancer \u2014 around the world to the east. They steered clear of the polar regions and avoided commercial airports to avoid landing and refueling delays. [PAR] The first week went off without a hitch. Kasprowicz and [PAR] Sheik made it from New York to London in a stunning 40 hours and 41 minutes, shattering the previous record by a whopping 35 hours. Europe was a piece of cake, but Russia \u2014 as they expected \u2014 was a bear. [PAR] They arrived on the 13th, but construction at one airport and a fuel shortage at another cost them almost a full day. Things went from bad to worse after taking off from the Siberian city of Magadan \u2014 the oil temperature in one of the copter\u2019s two engines rose so high Kasprowicz had to shut it down to avert crippling damage. They finally sorted things out with some help from local mechanics, but they lost still more precious time. [PAR] \"Russia was probably the most stressful part of the trip,\" [PAR] Kasprowicz says. \"If I had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Graham at the Winogrand Retrospective - The New Yorker Paul Graham at the Winogrand Retrospective - The New Yorker [PAR] Paul Graham at the Winogrand Retrospective [PAR] By [PAR] [PAR] July 11, 2014 [PAR] El Morocco, New York, 1955. From the estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy of Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco. [PAR] Credit [PAR] View full screen [PAR] Paul Graham discovered photography as an English college student in the nineteen-seventies, while studying microbiology at the University of Bristol. One afternoon, at the library, he came upon a bookshelf with American photography books by Walker Evans, Robert Frank, and Lee Friedlander. A couple years later, he walked into a bookshop and found a catalogue for Garry Winogrand\u2019s \u201cPublic Relations.\u201d Graham was impressed by Winogrand\u2019s portraits of Manhattan in the late nineteen-sixties and early seventies, but he also thought, \u201cMaybe I could do this.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m not a Winogrand expert,\u201d Graham said the other day, outside the Winogrand retrospective at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A slightly built man, with unspringy black curls and a youthful mien, Graham was wearing a plaid shirt, gray-blue sneakers, and a pair of Clark Kent glasses. \u201cI don\u2019t know how many wives he had. I\u2019m just a fan. But I\u2019m not a blind fan.\u201d Graham, who won the prestigious Hasselblad Award in 2012, said that he took inspiration for \u201cA Shimmer of Possibility,\u201d his own study of American life, from Winogrand\u2019s koan-like belief that \u201cthere is nothing as mysterious as a fact clearly described.\u201d [PAR] Winogrand worked in a daily blur of productivity. Between 1950, when he began making forays from the Bronx to photograph midtown street life, and 1984, when he died of cancer, at fifty-six, he exposed twenty-six thousand rolls of film. He also left behind two hundred and fifty thousand undeveloped images; some can be seen in the current retrospective. \u201cHe was nonstop, voracious, incredible work ethic, out every morning,\u201d Graham said, on his way into the galleries. [PAR] Inside the exhibition, Graham wandered until something snapped him into focus. He paused at a photograph of a muscular young man hoisting a woman aloft and wrestling her toward the surf, from 1952. \u201cThe thing about these early ones, they strike me as the work of someone who hasn\u2019t found his voice. They\u2019re of that era of Time-Life photojournalism\u2014someone trying to unshackle himself from popular journalism\u2019s obligatory good cheer, the clanking boxcars of magazine narrative.\u201d A little further on, he admired photographs of elderly people with much seemingly on their minds, none of it optimistic, standing on street corners sometime around 1960. \u201cWe\u2019ve charged ahead ten years, and it\u2019s already much richer,\u201d Graham said. \u201cIt\u2019s him photographing on his own gambit. He\u2019s gone rogue! It\u2019s haphazard, disorienting.\u201d [PAR] Graham came to a sudden stop before an image of a well-dressed young white woman and a well-dressed black man at the Central Park Zoo in 1967. Each was carrying a chimpanzee. \u201cThat\u2019s the most famous one,\u201d he said. \u201cIt was highly controversial at the time. Was it a simplistic comment on biracial couples? She\u2019s improbably beautiful. He\u2019s improbably handsome. She seems a bit weighed down by her chimp, as a baby might weigh you down. I bet Garry loved that controversy!\u201d [PAR] Winogrand also achieved notoriety as a man who, as Graham put it, \u201cwent around photographing women he found attractive. Obviously it was part of his masculine nineteen-sixties id.\u201d Not far from an image of a woman with a large beaded necklace, a larger hat, white gloves, and an unforgettable gaze were shots of beggars and disabled people. \u201cI love that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amelia Earhart - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society Amelia Earhart - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society [PAR] Amelia Earhart [PAR] Aviatrix. Born: July 24, 1897, Atchison, Kansas. Married: George Palmer Putnam, February 7, 1931. Died: July 1937. [PAR] Amelia Mary Earhart was born July 24, 1897, in Atchison, to Samuel \"Edwin\" Stanton and Amelia (Otis) Earhart. She and her younger sister, Grace Muriel, lived in the home of their grandfather, Alfred Otis, and attended a private school. Earhart was inspired to create a home version of the roller coaster she saw at the 1904 St. Louis World\u2019s Fair. The car and passenger tipped over at the edge of the roof but she said it was \"just like flying.\" In 1908 the family moved to Iowa, Minnesota, and Illinois, as her father searched for work. [PAR] During World War I Earhart worked as a nurse\u2019s aide with the Red Cross and after the war as a social worker in Boston. When her parents relocated to California, she moved to Long Beach and there in 1921 began flying lessons with Neta Snook. She soon bought an airplane and the following year broke the women's altitude record. The 1928 trans-Atlantic flight of the Fokker Friendship launched Earhart's career and established her name. As a passenger on the flight, she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean and wrote of her experience in 20 Hrs. 40 Min., published by George Palmer Putnam . Earhart and Putnam married February 7, 1931. [PAR] Earhart set a record flying solo across the Atlantic in her Lockheed Vega. She flew the 14-hour, 56-minute flight from Newfoundland to Ireland in May 1932. That year Earhart was elected president of the Ninety-Nines, an organization of women pilots. She set more records\u2014the first woman to fly solo nonstop coast to coast and the first person to solo over the Pacific from Honolulu, Hawaii, to Oakland, California. [PAR] On public speaking tours, Earhart encouraged women to follow their dreams. She accepted an appointment at Purdue University, which helped finance her [PAR] . On March 17, 1937, she began her 29,000-mile flight around the equator with a crew of three\u2014Fred Noonan, Harry Manning, and Paul Mantz. Departing from Oakland, California, the flight headed west to Hawaii. Earhart had difficulty during takeoff in Honolulu and the Electra sustained heavy damage. Following repairs, Earhart and Noonan departed from Miami, Florida, on June 1 and headed east. At approximately 22,000 miles into the flight, they landed June 29 in Lae, New Guinea. On July 2 they departed for their 2,556-mile flight to tiny Howland Island in the middle of the Pacific. The U.S. Coast Guard cutter, Itasca, was assigned to track the plane during this leg of the flight. The Electra's last transmission was received by the Itasca at 8:43 a.m. A large search effort was begun to find the lost Electra. Earhart and Noonan were never found, and their disappearance remains a mystery to this day. [PAR] View primary sources related to Amelia Earhart in Kansas Memory. [PAR] Inducted into the Kansas Walk of Honor in 2012. [PAR] Entry: Earhart, Amelia [PAR] Author: Kansas Historical Society [PAR] Author information: The Kansas Historical Society is a state agency charged with actively safeguarding and sharing the state's history. [PAR] Date Created: August 2002 [PAR] The author of this article is solely responsible for its content. [PAR] Kansas Memory [PAR] Our online collections contain more than 500,000 images of photos, documents, and artifacts, which grows daily. Find your story in Kansas through this rich resource!"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phil Collins - Hits - Amazon.com Music Phil Collins - Hits - Amazon.com Music [PAR] Phil Collins [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. [PAR] To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Certified Multi-Platinum (2 times) by the RIAA. (2/01) [PAR] Amazon.com [PAR] For better or worse, Phil Collins's \"In the Air Tonight\" was the \"Stairway to Heaven\" of the '80s, winning radio stations' listener polls and even lending its designer threat to an episode of Miami Vice. Hits recalls the days when the Collins name on a disc ensured its immediate embrace by programmers and the public. How you feel about these songs will depend on how you felt about them then; despite the undeniable niceness of \"Take Me Home\" and \"One More Night,\" they're unlikely to win over anyone who didn't adore them to begin with. Those who cared, though, will no doubt be gladdened to find most of Collins's biggest tunes together on one disc. --Rickey Wright [PAR] Track Listings [PAR] 2. Dance Into The Light [PAR] 3. Another Day In Paradise [PAR] 4. Easy Lover [PAR] 5. You Can't Hurry Love [PAR] 6. Two Hearts [PAR] 7. I wish it would rain down [PAR] 8. Against All Odds (Take A Look At Me Now) [PAR] 9. Something Happened On The Way To Heaven [PAR] 10. Separate Lives (Love Theme From White Nights) [PAR] 11. Both Sides Of The Story [PAR] 12. One More Night [PAR] 14. A Groovy Kind Of Love [PAR] 15. In The Air Tonight (Extended) [PAR] 16. Take Me Home [PAR] Audio CD (September 25, 1998) [PAR] Original Release Date: October 6, 1998 [PAR] Number of Discs: 1 [PAR] By Jeff Pearlman on December 26, 2012 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] I resisted this for a long time because of what's missing but finally gave in and got it.* Missing, of course, are \"I Missed Again\", \"Don't Lose My Number\", and \"Do You Remember?\", among several lower-charting hits. But, at 74 minutes, there was probably only room for one more song. I feel that \"I Missed Again\" should have been that song: it was Collins' first solo hit and one of his best. [PAR] Over time, \"True Colors\" pales even more in comparison to the other songs here. However, it was hardly unusual to include a new song on a hits disc and it did become a sizable Adult Contemporary (and minor pop airplay) hit. [PAR] What's here are the bulk of Collins' biggest chart hits through 1998 (\"You'll Be In My Heart\" came after this was released), and they are great. This collects soundtrack hits from \"Buster\" (\"A Groovy Kind of Love\" and \"Two Hearts\") and \"White Nights\" (\"Separate Lives\", a duet with Marilyn Martin). It also includes \"Easy Lover\", the #2 duet with Philip Bailey, from Bailey's album \"Chinese Wall\". [PAR] When these were hits, I was actually a bit resentful of Phil Collins' saturation airplay. I couldn't understand why other pop/AC icons I enjoyed, such as Barry Manilow, Neil Diamond, and James Taylor, could barely dent the chart while Collins and Lionel Richie were played constantly. Of course, this was a radio programming choice and had nothing to do with the artists. I have grown to appreciate these songs more over time. Phil Collins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Al Pacino - Biography - IMDb Al Pacino - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Al Pacino [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 198 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (104) | Personal Quotes (75) | Salary (8) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] One of the greatest actors in all of film history, Al Pacino established himself during one of film's greatest decades, the 1970s, and has become an enduring and iconic figure in the world of American movies. [PAR] Pacino was born on April 25, 1940, in the Bronx, New York, to an Italian-American family. His parents, Rose (Gerardi) and Sal Pacino , divorced when he was young. His mother moved them into his grandparents' house. Pacino found himself often repeating the plots and voices of characters he had seen in the movies, one of his favorite activities. Bored and unmotivated in school, the young Al Pacino found a haven in school plays, and his interest soon blossomed into a full-time career. Starting on the stage, he went through a lengthy period of depression and poverty, sometimes having to borrow bus fare to make it to auditions. He made it into the prestigious Actors Studio in 1966, studying under legendary acting coach Lee Strasberg , creator of the Method Approach that would become the trademark of many '70s-era actors. After appearing in a string of plays in supporting roles, he finally hit it big with \"The Indian Wants the Bronx\", winning an Obie award for the 1966-67 season. That was followed by a Tony Award for \"Does the Tiger Wear a Necktie?\". His first feature films made little departure from the gritty realistic stage performances that earned him respect: he played a junkie in The Panic in Needle Park (1971) after his film debut in Me, Natalie (1969). What came next would change his life forever. The role of Michael Corleone in The Godfather (1972) was one of the most sought-after of the time: Robert Redford , Warren Beatty , Jack Nicholson , Ryan O'Neal , Robert De Niro and a host of others either wanted it or were mentioned for it, but director Francis Ford Coppola had his heart set on the unknown Italian Pacino for the role, although pretty much everyone else--from the studio to the producers to some of the cast members--didn't want him. Though Coppola won out through slick persuasion, Pacino was in constant fear of being fired during the hellish shoot. Much to his (and Coppola's) relief, the film was a monster hit that did wonders for everyone's career, including Pacino's, and earned him his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Instead of taking on easier projects for the big money he could now command, however, Pacino threw his support behind what he considered tough but important films, such as the true-life crime drama Serpico (1973) and the tragic real-life bank robbery film Dog Day Afternoon (1975). He opened eyes around the film world for his brave choice of roles, and he was nominated three consecutive years for the \"Best Actor\" Academy Award. He faltered slightly with Bobby Deerfield (1977), but regained his stride with ...and justice for all. (1979), for which he received another Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. This would, unfortunately, signal the beginning of a decline in his career, which produced such critical and commercial flops as Cruising (1980) and Author! Author! (1982). He took on another vicious gangster role and cemented his legendary status in the ultra-violent cult hit Scarface"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic | WIRED June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic | WIRED [PAR] June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] Author: Jason Paur. Jason Paur [PAR] Date of Publication: 06.15.10. [PAR] Time of Publication: 12:00 am. [PAR] 12:00 am [PAR] June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic [PAR] 1919: John Alcock and Arthur Brown land their Vickers Vimy airplane in a bog in Clifden, Ireland, marking the end of the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic. [PAR] It\u2019s a good bet to win a drink at a bar: \u201cDo you know who was the first person to fly across the Atlantic in an airplane, nonstop?\u201d Most takers think it\u2019s Charles Lindbergh. [PAR] But the true answer is the kind of knowledge only the most die-hard aviation geeks would know: Alcock and Brown. [PAR] In 1913, the British newspaper the Daily Mail offered a prize of 10,000 pounds sterling (about $1.1 million in today\u2019s money) to the first aviator to cross the Atlantic. But World War I intervened the following year before anybody could make an attempt, and the competition was suspended. [PAR] In reality, it was unlikely anybody could have made the crossing in 1913. But by the end of the war, aviation technology had improved significantly. In late 1918, the competition to fly across the Atlantic resumed and stipulated the flight must be made in less than 72 hours. With fighting still fresh in the minds of the British, a new rule prevented teams of \u201cenemy origin\u201d to enter. [PAR] By the spring of 1919, several teams had gathered in St. Johns, Newfoundland, vying to be the first to cross the Atlantic and collect the prize. There were so many teams that Alcock and Brown had a difficult time finding a suitable field they could use as a runway for their flight. [PAR] There were no airports in the area. The Vickers Vimy airplane they had prepared for the attempt back in England was still en route by steamship, and other teams had already set up camp at the best locations. [PAR] The Vickers Vimy was a large airplane for the time. The twin engine bomber was developed for use in World War I, but it wasn\u2019t ready until after the war had ended, and it never saw combat over Europe. With a wingspan of more than 67 feet, the biplane was powered by a pair of 12-cylinder Rolls-Royce engines producing 360 horsepower each. [PAR] The airplane used for the record-setting attempt was modified by removing the bomb racks and adding extra fuel tanks, so it could carry 865 gallons for the flight. The pilot and navigator sat in an open cockpit at the front of the airplane. [PAR] By mid-May, one of the rival teams had flown nearly 20 hours east across the ocean before engine troubles forced the crew to ditch at sea. Fortunately, the plane crashed near a ship that was able to rescue the two-man crew. Another attempt at the prize ended in a crash before the airplane was even able to get airborne. [PAR] The Vickers Vimy arrived in Newfoundland on May 26. Two teams had failed to make the crossing, and the prize was still up for grabs, as was some good real estate for a suitable runway. The team was allowed to use a small field to assemble the airplane, but it was not long enough for the heavily fuel-laden airplane to take off."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tommy Lee Jones - Biography - IMDb Tommy Lee Jones - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Tommy Lee Jones [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 71 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (38) | Personal Quotes (16) | Salary (5) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Tommy Lee Jones was born in San Saba, Texas, the son of Lucille Marie (Scott), a police officer and beauty shop owner, and Clyde C. Jones, who worked on oil fields. Tommy himself worked in underwater construction and on an oil rig. He attended St. Mark's School of Texas, a prestigious prep school for boys in Dallas, on a scholarship, and went to Harvard on another scholarship. He roomed with future Vice President Al Gore and played offensive guard in the famous 29-29 Harvard-Yale football game of '68 known as \"The Tie.\" He received a B.A. in English literature and graduated cum laude from Harvard in 1969. [PAR] Following college, he moved to New York and began his theatrical career on Broadway in \"A Patriot for Me\" (1969). In 1970, he made his film debut in Love Story (1970). While living in New York, he continued to appear in various plays, both on- and off-Broadway: \"Fortune and Men's Eyes\" (1969); \"Four on a Garden\" (1971); \"Blue Boys\" (1972); \"Ulysses in Nighttown\" (1974). During this time, he also appeared on a daytime soap opera, One Life to Live (1968) as Dr. Mark Toland from 1971-75. He moved with wife Kate Lardner , granddaughter of short-story writer/columnist Ring Lardner , and her two children from a previous marriage, to Los Angeles. [PAR] There he began to get some roles on television: Charlie's Angels (1976) (pilot episode); Smash-Up on Interstate 5 (1976); and The Amazing Howard Hughes (1977). While working on the movie Back Roads (1981), he met and fell in love with Kimberlea Cloughley, whom he later married. More roles in television--both on network and cable--stage and film garnered him a reputation as a strong, explosive, thoughtful actor who could handle supporting as well as leading roles. He made his directorial debut in The Good Old Boys (1995) on TNT. In addition to directing and starring in the film, he co-wrote the teleplay (with J.T. Allen ). The film, based on Elmer Kelton 's novel, is set in west Texas where Jones has strong family ties. Consequently, this story of a cowboy facing the end of an era has special meaning for him. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Maria Vitale <maria.vitale@runningb.com> [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Known both on-screen and off-screen for his crusty, cranky persona [PAR] Often plays hard-edged but sarcastic law enforcement and military officers [PAR] Often plays real-life historical figures (Thaddeus Stevens, Howard Hughes, Gary Gilmore, Ty Cobb, Oliver Lynn, Clay Shaw) [PAR] Deep gravelly voice with thick Texas accent [PAR] Trivia (38) [PAR] Never took an acting class. [PAR] He and Al Gore were roommates while the two were students at Harvard University. The two remain close friends. [PAR] Part time cattle rancher, owns 3,000-acre ranch near San Antonio, TX. [PAR] Plays polo and raises polo ponies. His team won the U.S. Polo Association's Western Challenge Cup in 1993. Invites Harvard University's best polo players to his ranch to practice each fall. [PAR] Father's name was Clyde C. Jones -- he did not have a middle name, just an initial. [PAR] Real-life son, Austin Leonard Jones , played his son, Tommy, in Screen Two: Double Image (1986). [PAR] According to author Erich Segal"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Approving Statehood: When did your State Join the Union? Approving Statehood [PAR] Approving Statehood: When did your State Join the Union? [PAR] Learn what year your state joined the Union and became part of the \"United States of [PAR] America\". [PAR] Choose the first letter of the state you're looking for: [PAR] Or read about the U.S. Territories [PAR] The 50 States [PAR] Alabama entered the Union on December 14, 1819. In January 1861, Alabama seceded [PAR] from the Union, and on February 4, delegates from six states met at Montgomery and [PAR] formed the Confederate States of America, with Montgomery as the capital. After the [PAR] Civil War, Alabama reentered the Union. [PAR] Alaska [PAR] Alaska became the 49th State on January 3, 1959; it was the first new state in the Union [PAR] since 1912. [PAR] Arizona became the 48th state on February 14, 1912. [PAR] Arkansas [PAR] Despite opposition in Congress to a new slave state, Arkansas became a state on June [PAR] 15, 1836. Arkansas Governor Henry M. Rector seized Fort Smith and Arkansas joined [PAR] the Confederacy in 1861 reentering the Union at War's end. [PAR] California [PAR] Congress hesitated to welcome a new free state, but because of its booming population [PAR] and the discovery of gold, California was admitted in September , 1850. [PAR] Colorado [PAR] After three tries Colorado was made a state on August 1, 1876. [PAR] Connecticut [PAR] Connecticut, one of the thirteen colonies, became the fifth state on January 9, 1788. [PAR] Delaware [PAR] Delaware, one of the thirteen colonies, gained its distinction as the \"First State\" when it [PAR] was the first to ratify the Constitution on December 7, 1787. [PAR] Florida [PAR] Florida became a state on March 3, 1845, a move delayed by the reluctance of Congress [PAR] to admit another slave state, and it joined the Confederacy on January 10, 1861, [PAR] re-entering the Union at war's end. [PAR] Georgia [PAR] Georgia, one of the thirteen colonies, ratified the U.S. Constitution on January 2, 1788, [PAR] becoming the fourth state to do so; it joined the Confederacy on January 19, 1861, and [PAR] reentered the Union after the Civil War. [PAR] Hawaii [PAR] Hawaii became the Fiftieth state on August 21, 1959 [PAR] Idaho [PAR] Idaho became a state on July 3, 1890. [PAR] Illinois [PAR] Illinois became the 21st state on December 3, 1818. [PAR] Indiana [PAR] Indiana became the 19th state on December 11, 1816. [PAR] Iowa [PAR] On December 28, 1846, Iowa became the first free state in the old Louisiana Territory. [PAR] Kansas [PAR] Kansas became a free state on January 29, 1861, after seven years of bloody feuding [PAR] between residents over whether to be admitted as a slave or free state. [PAR] Kentucky [PAR] Kentucky became the first state to be carved from the great western wilderness. [PAR] Louisiana [PAR] Louisiana became the 18th state on April 30, 1812. It joined the Confederacy on January [PAR] 26, 1861 and reentered the Union after the Civil War. [PAR] Maine [PAR] Maine became the 23rd state on March 15, 1820. Its admission to the Union balanced [PAR] the simultaneous admission of Missouri as a slave state. [PAR] Maryland [PAR] Maryland became the seventh state on April 28, 1788. During the Civil War, President [PAR] Abraham Lincoln placed Maryland under military control. [PAR] Massachusetts [PAR] Originally part of the thirteen colonies, Massachusetts became a state on February 6, [PAR] 1788. [PAR] Michigan became the 26th state on January 26, 1837. [PAR] Minnesota [PAR] On May 11, 1858 Minnesota became the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oklahoma Music Trail: Charlie Christian | TravelOK.com ... Oklahoma Music Trail: Charlie Christian | TravelOK.com - Oklahoma's Official Travel & Tourism Site [PAR] Charlie Christian [PAR] Born: 7 / 29 / 1916 Died: 3 / 2 / 1942 [PAR] Charlie Christian, an early pioneer of the electric jazz guitar and \u201cFather of Bebop,\u201d was born on July 29, 1916 to parents Clarence and Willie Christian. Although Charlie Christian\u2019s career was tragically cut short by his untimely death in 1942, he forever impacted the world of music. Christian is credited with bringing the guitar out of the rhythm section and making it a solo instrument during the era of jazz . No longer was the guitar seen as merely a back-up to the saxophone, trumpet and clarinet, widely accepted as the era\u2019s powerhouse instruments. Charlie brought the same musical expressiveness to solo guitar work, setting the stage for the guitar\u2019s elevated presence in genres such as Western swing , country , rockabilly and rock and roll . [PAR] Christian was raised in a musically talented family that moved from Texas to Oklahoma City in 1918 when young Charlie was only two years old. By age 10, Charlie had learned to play the trumpet, following in the footsteps of his father and older brothers, who had already mastered the instrument. At age 12, the young musician switched his focus from the trumpet to the guitar, fashioning his own crudely made guitars out of discarded cigar boxes and learning how to strum a beat on them. [PAR] Christian attended Douglass High School in Oklahoma City and cut his musical teeth in Deep Deuce , an African American neighborhood that centered around Northeast 2nd Street in downtown. Deep Deuce became a hotbed for jazz and welcomed popular musicians such as Count Basie, Sarah Vaughan, Nat King Cole and Duke Ellington during its heyday. [PAR] Charlie bought his first electric guitar, a Gibson ES-150 \u2013 an instrument that would forever change his musical career and, because of his mastery of it, the future of music itself. [PAR] In 1930, when Charlie was only 14 years old, he landed his first gig as a guitarist, playing acoustic guitar solos for songs such as \u201cSweet Georgia Brown,\u201d \u201cTea for Two,\u201d and \u201cRose Room\u201d during a performance by the Don Redman Orchestra at Honey Murphy\u2019s Club in Oklahoma City. Charlie began making the rounds within Deep Deuce\u2019s nightclub scene, then-known as the hottest jazz and blues district in the region, while studying guitar and learning musical theory with his boyhood friend T-Bone Walker under the watchful eye of Ralph \u201cBig-Foot Chuck\u201d Hamilton. [PAR] In 1934, Christian began performing as a bassist for the Alphonso Trent Band. The group toured regionally with stops in Kansas City, Dallas, Little Rock and Tulsa , among others. He spent the next few years touring with The Jolly Jugglers, Anna Mae Winburn Orchestra and the Jeter-Pillars Orchestra. [PAR] In 1937, Christian discovered the electric guitar when he met Count Basie\u2019s guitarist Eddie Durham while playing a show back in Oklahoma City. Eddie, who is credited with having recorded one of the first amplified guitar solos, began giving the young Charlie pointers on how to master the instrument. \u201cI never saw anyone learn so fast, nor have I seen anyone rise to the top so quickly,\u201d Durham later remarked. Soon afterward, Charlie bought his first electric guitar, a Gibson ES-150 \u2013 an instrument that would forever change his musical career and, because of his mastery of it, the future of music itself. [PAR] While working at The Dome in Bismarck, North Dakota,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History - Howrah Bridge Untitled Document [PAR] Click on thumbnails for full sized pictures [PAR] A Flashback: The Seamless Bonds of Time [PAR] The end of the 17th Century Kolkata witnessed the gradual emergence of the city of Kolkata brought about by the merger of three villages - Kolkata, Sutanati & Gobindapur, [PAR] on the eastern bank of the river Hooghly, the other name of River 'Ganga'. On the western bank, Howrah came up as a bustling site of commerce. [PAR] The twin cities of Calcutta (re-named as Kolkata in the year 2001), and Howrah , were separated by the River Hooghly, and shared a common historical linkage towards the eventual construction of the Rabindra Setu, more commonly known as Howrah bridge. While Kolkata, from a small sleeping hamlet of artisans and mercantile community eventually developed , as a commercial hub of a modern metropolitan city , Howrah (virtually the store house of raw material resources) became its industrial satellite. [PAR] Kolkata was declared the capital of India by the British and remained so till 1911. The railway station at Howrah set up in the year 1906 and the bridge (later popularly known as Howrah Bridge) thus served as the logistic link with the country's one of the oldest metropolies, Kolkata. The Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal [PAR] passed the Howrah Bridge Act, in the year 1871, under the Bengal Act IX of 1871. [PAR] Sir Bradford Leslie's famous floating pontoon bridge, the earlier avatar of the modern Howrah Bridge, was initially set up in 1874, almost coinciding with the establishment of the port of Calcutta in 1870 (www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in). [PAR] For the convenient plying of passenger and vehicular traffic, the pool was connected as a whole. However, this was unfastened everyday, particularly during the night for safe passage of steamers, boats and other marine vehicles. From 19th August, 1879, the bridge was illuminated by fixing electric poles at the centre.This was done by using the electricity rendered from the dynamo at the Mallick GhatPumping Station. The Bridge was then 1528 ft. long and 62 ft. wide. On both sideswere pavements 7 ft. wide for the sake of pedestrians. The 48 ft. road in between,was for plying of traffic.\" [PAR] The emergence of Kolkata as the political capital of the nation and expanding volume of merchandise routed through the port of Kolkata had a synergistic effect on the commercial importance of the bridge. The location of the initial pontoon bridge, was around 100 yards down-stream of the present Howrah Bridge (renamed as Rabindra Setu in the year 1965) after Rabindranath Tagore, the philosopher - bard and one of the most important nineteenth century renaissance personalities to leave a lasting impression on modern India. [PAR] The Early Initiatives [PAR] The newly appointed Port Commissioners in 1871 were also appointed Bridge Commissioners and were enjoined to take charge of the structure . The Commissioners took over the management of the Howrah Bridge in February, 1875. Since the early part of the 20th Century, the bridge showed signs of duress for catering to the increased traffic load. [PAR] The Commissioners of Port of Calcutta instituted a Committee under the convenorship of Mr. John Scott, the then Chief Engineer of the Port. The other members included Mr. R.S. Highet, Chief Engineer, East Indian Railway and Mr. W.B. MacCabe Chief Engineer, Calcutta Corporation. [PAR] The telling observations made by the Committee make a fascinating reading even today. The committee observed that \"bullock carts formed the eight - thirteenths of the vehicular traffic (as observed on 27th of August 1906, the heaviest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei Brunei [PAR] Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs [PAR] Fact Sheet [PAR] August 19, 2016 [PAR] More information about Brunei is available on the Brunei Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet. [PAR] .S.-BRUNEI RELATIONS [PAR] Brunei Darussalam is a Malay Muslim Monarchy located at the heart of Southeast Asia, the focus of the U.S. rebalance to the Asia-Pacific. Although the United States and Brunei concluded their Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce and Navigation in 1850, which is still in effect, the current era of U.S.-Brunei relations began in 1984 when Brunei became fully independent from the United Kingdom and the United States and Brunei established diplomatic relations. A memorandum of understanding on defense cooperation was signed in 1994. In 2011, Brunei and the United States held an inaugural Senior Officials Dialogue, creating a new forum for high-level coordination and communication. The most recent iteration of this dialogue was a High-level Officials Meeting in London in November 2015 which covered issues including trade, security, human rights, defense, regional cooperation, and academic exchanges. [PAR] The two countries work closely together on a bilateral and regional agenda to tackle some of the most pressing issues. The contemporary U.S.-Brunei relationship enters its fourth decade in a position of strength, based on the unprecedentedly intensive and productive bilateral engagement in 2013, when Brunei provided solid leadership for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as the 2013 ASEAN Chair. Brunei's armed forces engage in joint exercises, training programs, and other military cooperation with the United States, with the annual Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) exercise at the core of the bilateral defense relationship. Bruneian military personnel have attended U.S. military academies and in 2014 the first U.S. military student attended the Brunei Command and Staff Course. The United States and Brunei have also partnered to provide English language instruction in ASEAN countries, promote entrepreneurship, and expand educational opportunities and people-to-people connections. The United States and Brunei share a commitment to protecting the environment and in 2013 Brunei became the first nation in the world to ban all trade relating to sharks. [PAR] U.S. Assistance to Brunei [PAR] The United States provides no foreign assistance to Brunei. [PAR] Bilateral Economic Relations [PAR] The key to economic relations with Brunei is the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement (TPP), which was signed in October 2015 by the United States, Brunei, and 10 other countries. Brunei is proud of its distinction as a member of the P-4, or the four founding members of the TPP. Brunei encourages foreign investment in the domestic economy through various incentives, marketing the country as an opportunity for investors in new industries and economic activities, although oil and gas and government spending still account for most of Brunei\u2019s economic activity. Brunei's non-petroleum industries include manufacturing, construction, agriculture, forestry, fishing, and services. U.S. firms are working in the energy sector, in financial services, and consulting for government projects, and U.S. franchises and brands are opening and thriving in Brunei. U.S. exports to Brunei are on an upward trajectory, particularly in civil and defense-related avionics. Aircraft that Brunei has procured from the United States in recent years include Sikorsky Black Hawk S70i helicopters and Boeing 787 Dreamliners. [PAR] Brunei's Membership in International Organizations [PAR] Brunei gives its ASEAN membership the highest priority in its foreign relations. Brunei and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations and forums including the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy [PAR] Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy [PAR] \"Babe Hardy\", \"Oliver Hardy\", \"Oliver Norvell Hardy\", \"Oliver N. Hardy\" [PAR] Birthdate: [PAR] in North Hollywood, California, USA [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...of -n pay a final tribute to- day to Oliver Hardy, 65, the fat funnyman of the slapstick era, 'ho died Wednesday. Hardy's old '.''Sta... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...and Hardy died today j Death came at the home ol Mrs Monnie L Jones his moth erinlaw He had suffered a par alytic stroke last Sept 12... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Aug 7 1957 - Los Angeles, California, USA [PAR] Father's last name: [PAR] Jan 18 1892 - Harlem, Georgia [PAR] Death: [PAR] Aug 7 1957 - North Hollywood, California [PAR] Parents: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... human historv s a mother. COMIiUIAX DIES NORTH HOLLYWOOD, Cahf. Oliver Hardy, the rotund half o! the movie comedy team of Laure! and Har... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...and Hardy, died today. Death came at the home of Mrs. Monnic L. Jonub. his mother-in- law. He had suffered paralytic stroke last Sept... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... Virginia.\" Services Are Held In Beverly Hills For Comedian Hardy BEVERLY HILLS. Calif. Masonic funeral services were held Friday for com... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...a final tribute, iof day to Oliver 'Hardy, 65, the fat funnyman of the slapslick era, who'died Wednesday: Hardy's old partner and fri... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Compilation of Published Sources [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... comedian Oliver (Babe) Hardy haa broughfioa close one of the greateit eras ... In comedy. The fall guy half of the Uurel and Hardy slaps... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... Hotel be- fore going to the course were Major and Mrs. Holt Hardy (Mrs. Hardy was before her re- cent marriage Miss Sue ... ; Itrbutll h... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Feb 8 1940 - Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... Tattersall's Hotel before going to the course were Major and Mrs. Holt Hardy (Mrs. Hardy was before her recent marriage Miss Sue Russell... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Feb 17 1940 - Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ...ears. After the marriage her husband commenced going out at night playing cards. He gave her no money for her support, but used to bring ... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Feb 23 1940 - Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] stepmother [PAR] About Oliver Hardy [PAR] American comedic actor Oliver Hardy was one half of the famous Laurel and Hardy, the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted nearly 30 years, from 1927 to 1955. Hardy\u2019s screen character was noted for his genteel pomposity, his tie twiddle, and long suffering look while dealing with Stan\u2019s character and his well-meaning but ultimately frustrating on screen antics. [PAR] Unlike his future screen partner Stan Laurel, Hardy did not come from a show business family. He was born Norvell Hardy on January 18, 1892 in Harlem, Georgia. His father was a lawyer who died when Hardy was ten; his mother was a hotel owner in both his native Georgia and in Florida. Sometime prior to 1910, Hardy began styling himself \"Oliver Norvell Hardy\", with the first name \u201cOliver\u201d being added as a tribute to his father. He appeared as \u201cOliver N. Hardy\u201d in the 1910 U.S."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mexico City-Benito Ju\u00e1rez International Airport profile ... Mexico City-Benito Ju\ufffdrez International Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network [PAR] XA-SEJ Mexicana 27 near Mexico City-... [PAR] A1 [PAR] Aircraft that departed Mexico City-Benito Ju\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrez International Airport [PAR] 40 occurrences in the ASN safety database [PAR] date"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia ... Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia 1973 - YouTube [PAR] Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia 1973 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 24, 2013 [PAR] Vikki Lawrence The night the lights went down in Georgia [PAR] Category [PAR] Standard YouTube License [PAR] Music[DOC] [TLE] The Carroll County Accident on the Tallahatchie Bridge the ... The Carroll County Accident on the Tallahatchie Bridge the Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia [PAR] He said \"How. What's doin'?\" [PAR] Wo said: \"Sit down, I got some bad news and it's gonna hurt.\" [PAR] He said: \"I'm your best friend, and you know that's right, [PAR] \"But your young bride ain't home tonight. [PAR] \"Since you been gone, she's been seeing that Amos boy, Seth.\" [PAR] Now he got mad, and he saw red. [PAR] Andy said: \"Boy, don't you lose your head, [PAR] \"'Cos to tell you the truth, I been with her myself.\" [PAR] That's the night that the lights went out in Georgia. [PAR] That's the night that they hung an innocent man. [PAR] Don't trust your soul to no backwoods, Southern lawyer. [PAR] 'Cos the judge in the town's got bloodstains on his hands. [PAR] Well Andy got scared, and left the bar, [PAR] Walkin' on home, 'cos he didn't live far. [PAR] You see, Andy didn't have many friends, and he just lost him one. [PAR] Brother thought his wife musta left town, [PAR] So he went home and finally found, [PAR] The only thing Daddy had left him, and that was a gun. [PAR] He went off to Andy's house, [PAR] Slippin' through the back woods quiet as a mouse. [PAR] Came upon some tracks too small for Andy to make. [PAR] He looked through the screen at the back porch door, [PAR] Saw old Andy there lyin' on the floor, [PAR] In a puddle of blood, and he started to shake. [PAR] Georgia patrol was making their rounds, [PAR] So he fired a shot just to flag them down. [PAR] A big-bellied sheriff grabbed his gun and said \"Why'd you do it?\" [PAR] Judge said guilty at a make-believe trial, [PAR] Slapped the sheriff on the back with a smile, [PAR] And said: \"Supper's waitin' at home, and I gotta get to it.\" [PAR] That's the night that the lights went out in Georgia. [PAR] That's the night that they hung an innocent man. [PAR] Don't trust your soul to no backwoods, Southern lawyer. [PAR] 'Cos the judge in the town's got bloodstains on his hands. [PAR] Well they hung my brother before I could say, [PAR] The tracks he saw while on his way, [PAR] To Andy's house and back that night were mine. [PAR] And his cheatin' wife had never left town, [PAR] That's one body that'll never be found. [PAR] You see, little sister don't miss when she aims her gun. [PAR] That's the night that the lights went out in Georgia. [PAR] That's the night that they hung an innocent man. [PAR] Don't trust your soul to no backwoods, Southern lawyer. [PAR] 'Cos the judge in the town's got bloodstains on his hands. [PAR] That's the night that the lights"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Born On The Same Day | People born on exactly the same day ... Born On The Same Day | People born on exactly the same day (but they're not twins). | Page 25 [PAR] Born On The Same Day [PAR] Posted on January 23, 2011 by Born On The Same Day [PAR] Olga Korbut [PAR] Olga Valentinovna Korbut (b. May 16, 1955 in Hrodna), also known as the Sparrow from Minsk, is a Belarusian, Soviet-born gymnast who won four gold medals and two silver medals at theSummer Olympics, in which she competed in 1972 and 1976 for the USSR team. [PAR] Debra Winger [PAR] Mary Debra Winger (born May 16, 1955) is an American actress. A three-time Oscar nominee, she received awards for acting in Terms of Endearment, for which she won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress in 1983, and in A Dangerous Woman, for which she won the Tokyo International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 1993. [PAR] Hazel O\u2019Connor [PAR] Hazel O\u2019Connor (born 16 May 1955, Coventry, England) is an English singer-songwriter and actress. She became famous in the early 1980s with hit singles \u201cEighth Day\u201d, \u201cD-Days\u201d and \u201cWill You\u201d, as well as starring in the film Breaking Glass. [PAR] Links: [PAR] Posted on January 23, 2011 by Born On The Same Day [PAR] Ritchie Valens [PAR] Ritchie Valens (born Ricardo Esteban Valenzuela Reyes; May 13, 1941 \u2013 February 3, 1959) was a Mexican-American singer, songwriter and guitarist. Valens\u2019 recording career lasted only eight months. During this time, however, he scored several hits, most notably \u201cLa Bamba\u201d, which was originally a Mexican folk song that Valens transformed with a rock rhythm and beat that became a hit in 1958. On February 3, 1959, on what has become known as The Day the Music Died, Valens was killed in a small-plane crash in Iowa, a tragedy that also claimed the lives of fellow musicians Buddy Holly and J.P. \u201cThe Big Bopper\u201d Richardson. Valens was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001. [PAR] Joe Brown [PAR] Photo by Garry Knight [PAR] Joe Brown, MBE (born Joseph Roger Brown, 13 May 1941, Swarby, Lincolnshire) is an English entertainer. Brown has worked as a rock and roll singer andguitarist for more than five decades. He was a stage and television performer in the late 1950s and a UK recording star in the early 1960s. He made six films, presented specialist radio series for BBC Radio 2, appeared on the West End stage and has written an autobiography. [PAR] Miles Kington [PAR] Miles Beresford Kington (13 May 1941 \u2013 30 January 2008) was a British journalist, musician (a double bass player for Instant Sunshine and other groups) and broadcaster. [PAR] Links: [PAR] Posted on January 23, 2011 by Born On The Same Day [PAR] Catherine Tate [PAR] Catherine Tate (born 12 May 1968) is a British actress, writer and comedian. She has won numerous awards for her work on the sketch comedy series The Catherine Tate Show as well as being nominated for an International Emmy Award and four BAFTA Awards. Following the success of The Catherine Tate Show, Tate played Donna Noble in the 2006 Christmas special of Doctor Who and later reprised her role, becoming the Doctor\u2019s companion for the fourth series in 2008. [PAR] Tony Hawk [PAR] Photo by Tinou Bao [PAR] Anthony Frank Hawk (born May 12, 1968), better known as Tony Hawk, is an American professional skateboarder. Hawk gained significant fame for completing the first 900 (a 2.5-revolution aerial spin) as well as his licensed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Asian Art - art and archaeology Glossary of Asian Art [PAR] Every culture must find a way to reconcile the polar opposites \u0096 male/female, good/bad, sky/earth, birth/death \u0096 that are characteristic of the human condition. Additive or non-dualistic cultures (Asian) accept such contradictions as imperfectly perceived parts of a greater unity: both/and, rather than either/or. Dualistic cultures (European) reject contradiction and spend enormous effort to resolve it. Ancient Egypt is uniquely a bit of both, since it accepts contradictions (additive, like the East) but also holds them in tension (dualistic, like the West). [PAR] Everyone who was anyone, in the ancient world, wanted to have a good afterlife. Elites were buried with their favorite and most precious objects: weapons and pots, ceramics and bronzes, bangles, jewels, figurines, animals, and human sacrifices. This is a cultural universal, that is attested in all times and all places. Tomb walls, for those who could afford it, would be decorated with painted scenes depicting the honors of the deceased in life, and his hoped-for activities in the afterlife. For Chinese grave goods in particular, see: mingqi . [PAR] Agastya, who is worshiped as an avatar of Shiva , was a legendary guru who spread the worship of Shiva throughout India. His attributes include a pot belly, a beard, and a water bottle. [PAR] The Vedic god of fire, and directional guardian of the southeast. He holds an offering spoon and rides a ram. Additional attributes may include a beard, a staff, a water jar, and prayer beads. [PAR] The popular center (Greek agora, Roman forum) of a classical city; its chief market and gathering place. [PAR] (Also Erawan) The three-headed elephant upon which Indra rides. [PAR] The third Mughal Emperor , known for his religious tolerance and the cultural brilliance of his reign. [PAR] An ornament on the ridge of a roof. [PAR] The Indonesian warrior ideal of imperturbability, that is similar to the Greek sophrosyne . [PAR] The ribbed disk at the top of a shikhara . [PAR] \"Mother,\" one of the forms of Devi . [PAR] A type of early Christian pulpit, that was accessed by a triangular flight of stairs, the prototype of the Islamic minbar . [PAR] Amitabha, or Amida in Japan, is the Buddha of the Western Pure Land. He is associated with Avalokiteshvara and is easy to worship: just call on his name, and you will be reborn on top of a lotus in the Western Paradise. The cult of Amida supplied a practicable route to salvation for all, becoming especially popular in Japan from the 11th century onwards. [PAR] A group of five Buddhist deities with Amida at the center. From left to right, the figures are: Guanyin , a disciple, Amida , another disciple, and Mahasthamaprapta . See also: Table Of Buddhist Deities . [PAR] The Buddha of Longevity, a form of Amitabha . [PAR] (Indonesia) A culturally-defined state of murderous rage. [PAR] (Egypt) Originally a local god of Thebes, Amun became the chief god of Egypt during the New Kingdom, when his priesthood achieved a great measure of political power and religious control vis-a-vis the temples of Egypt's many other gods. His name means \"Hidden,\" referring to the wind or air. [PAR] Ananta, also known as Shesha, is the cosmic serpent on which Vishnu sleeps, sits, or reclines (Anantashayana/Anantasayin), as he dreams the universe into existence. Shesha, \"The One Who Remains,\" personifies the primordial substance out of which the universe is formed, that continues to exist when the universe ends, and that fuels the start of the next cosmic cycle. He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods [PAR] Iris [PAR] Iris, Athenian red-figure lekythos C5th B.C., Rhode Island School of Design Museum [PAR] IRIS was the goddess of the rainbow and the messenger of the Olympian gods. She was often described as the handmaiden and personal messenger of Hera . Iris was a goddess of sea and sky--her father Thaumas \"the wondrous\" was a marine-god, and her mother Elektra \"the amber\" a cloud-nymph. For the coastal-dwelling Greeks, the rainbow's arc was most often seen spanning the distance beteween cloud and sea, and so the goddess was believed to replenish the rain-clouds with water from the sea. Iris had no distinctive mythology of her own. In myth she appears only as an errand-running messenger and was usually described as a virgin goddess. Her name contains a double meaning, being connected with both the Greek word iris \"the rainbow\" and eiris \"messenger.\" [PAR] Iris is depicted in ancient Greek vase painting as a beautiful young woman with golden wings, a herald's rod (kerykeion), and sometimes a water-pitcher (oinochoe) in her hand. She was usually depicted standing beside Zeus or Hera, sometimes serving nectar from her jug. As cup-bearer of the gods Iris is often indistinguishable from Hebe in art. [PAR] FAMILY OF IRIS [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1.1] THAUMAS & ELEKTRA (Hesiod Theogony 265, Apollodorus 1.10, Hyginus Pref, Nonnus Dionysiaca 26.350) [PAR] [1.2] THAUMAS (Plato Theatetus 155d, Callimachus Hymn 5, Ptolemy Hephaestion 6, Ovid Met. 4.479, Vergil Aeneid 9.2, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.20) [PAR] [1.3] THAUMAS & OZOMENE (Hyginus Fabulae 14) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.1] POTHOS (by Zephryos ) (Alcaeus Frag 257; Eustathius on Homer 555, Nonnus Dionysiaca 47.340) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] IRIS (Iris), a daughter of Thaumas (whence she is called Thaumantias, Virg. Aen. ix. 5) and Electra, and sister of the Harpies. (Hes. Theog. 266, 780; Apollod. i. 2. \u00a7 6; Plat. Theaet. p. 155. d; Plut. de Plac. Philos. iii. 5.) In the Homeric poems she appears as the minister of the Olympian gods, who carries messages from Ida to Olympus, from gods to gods, and from gods to men. (Il. xv. 144, xxiv. 78, 95, ii. 787, xviii. 168, Hymn. in Apoll. Del. 102, &c.) In accordance with these functions of Iris, her name is commonly derived from er\u00f4 eir\u00f4; so that Iris would mean \"the speaker or messenger:\" but it is not impossible that it may be connected with eir\u00f4, \"I join,\" whence eir\u00ean\u00ea ; so that Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, would be the joiner or conciliator, or the messenger of heaven, who restores peace in nature. In the Homeric poems, it is true, Iris does not appear as the goddess of the rainbow, but the rainbow itself is called iris (Il xi. 27, xvii. 547): and this brilliant phenomenon in tile skies, which vanishes as quickly as it appears, was regarded as the swift minister of the gods. Her genealogy too supports the opinion that Iris was originally the personification of the rainbow. In the earlier poets, and even in Theocritus (xvii. 134) and Virgil (Aen. v. 610) Iris appears as a virgin goddess; but according to later writers, she was married to Zephyrus, and became by him the mother of Eros. (Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 391, 555; Plut. Amat. 20.) With regard to her functions, which we have above briefly described, we may further observe, that the Odyssey never mentions Iris, but only Hermes as the messenger of the gods: in the Iliad, on the other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herodotus' Description of Egypt and the ... - Huntsville , TX Untitled Document [PAR] Herodotus' Description of Egypt and the Egyptians [PAR] [The History of Herodotus, George Rawlinson, ed. and tr., vol. 2 (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1885), Book 2, Chapters 5-99] [PAR] 5. For any one who sees Egypt, without having heard a word about it before, must perceive, if he has only common powers of observation, that the Egypt to which the Greeks go in their ships is an acquired country, the gift of the river. The same is true of the land above the lake, to the distance of three days' voyage, concerning which the Egyptians say nothing, but which exactly the same kind of country. [PAR] The following is the general character of the region. In the first place, on approaching it by sea, when you are still a day's sail from the land, if you let down a sounding-line you will bring up mud, and find yourself in eleven fathoms' water, which shows that the soil washed down by the stream extends to that distance. [PAR] 6. The length of the country along shore, according to the bounds that we assign to Egypt, namely from the Plinthinetic gulf to Lake Serbonis, which extends along the base of Mount Casius, is sixty schoenes. The nations whose territories are scanty measure them by the fathom; those whose bounds are less confined, by the furlong; those who have an ample territory, by the parasang; but if men have a country which is very vast, they measure it by the schoene. Now the length of the parasang is thirty furlongs, but the schoene, which is an Egyptian measure, is sixty furlongs. Thus the coastline of Egypt would extend a length of three thousand six hundred furlongs. [PAR] 7. From the coast inland as far as Heliopolis the breadth of Egypt is considerable, the country is flat, without springs, and full of swamps. The length of the route from the sea up to Heliopolis is almost exactly the same as that of the road which runs from the altar of the twelve gods at Athens to the temple of Olympian Jove at Pisa. If a person made a calculation he would find but a very little difference between the two routes, not more than about fifteen furlongs; for the road from Athens to Pisa falls short of fifteen hundred furlongs by exactly fifteen, whereas the distance of Heliopolis from the sea is just the round number. [PAR] 8. As one proceeds beyond Heliopolis up the country, Egypt becomes narrow, the Arabian range of hills, which has a direction from north to south, shutting it in upon the one side, and the Libyan range upon the other. The former ridge runs on without a break, and stretches away to the sea called the Erythraean; it contains the quarries whence the stone was cut for the pyramids of Memphis: and this is the point where it ceases its first direction, and bends away in the manner above indicated. In its greatest length from east to west it is, as I have been informed, a distance of two months' journey towards the extreme east its skirts produce frankincense. Such are the chief features of this range. On the Libyan side, the other ridge whereon the pyramids stand is rocky and covered with sand; its direction is the same as that of the Arabian ridge in the first part of its course. Above Heliopolis, then, there is no great breadth of territory for such a country as Egypt, but during"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BESTIARY - Monsters & Fabulous Creatures of Greek Myth ... Bestiary | Theoi Greek Mythology [PAR] The fantastic creatures of Greek mythology and legend can be divided into eight broad categories : [PAR] 1. MYTHICAL MONSTERS [PAR] Awful humanoid creatures. These included monsters such as the Gorgons and Echidna. [PAR] 2. MYTHICAL HYBRIDS [PAR] Creatures which combine human and animal forms or various animals. These include creatures such as the Centaur (Horse-Man), Sphinx (Lion-Woman), Hippocamp (Fish-Horse), and Chimaera (Lion-Goat-Snake). [PAR] 3. MYTHICAL ANIMALS [PAR] Normal animals with some fantastic attribute. Examples include the winged horse Pegasus, the giant Erymanthian Boar, the fire-breathing Bulls of Colchis, and the inescapable hunting-dog Laelaps. [PAR] 4. DRAGONS [PAR] A breed of serpentine monsters, usually equipped with some magical power. They include creatures such as the Hydra, the Dragon of the Golden Fleece, Python, the Ethiopian Sea-Monster and the she-dragon Echidna. [PAR] 5. GIANTS [PAR] Gigantic men, often with fantastic features or abilities. A few examples are the hundred-handed Hecatoncheires, the one-eyed Cyclopes, the water-walking hunter Orion, the wrestler Antaeus, and the monstrous Typhon. [PAR] 6. GHOSTS & DEMONS [PAR] Creatures from the underworld which haunted the earth. They included the Empusae, Erinyes, Vampires and haunting ghosts of the dead. [PAR] Fabulous tribes of men which were believed to inhabit the lands of Terra Incognita, the \"Unknown Earth.\" Examples of these are the Pygmies, the one-legged Sciapods, dog-headed Cynocephali, headless Blemmyae, and one-eyed Arimaspians. [PAR] BESTIARY [PAR] MEDUSA [PAR] Greek myth and legend is filled with a wide variety of monsters and creatures ranging from Dragons, Giants, Demons and Ghosts, to multiformed creatures such as the Sphinx, Minotaur, Centaurs, Manticores and Griffins. There were also many fabulous animals such as the Nemean Lion, golden-fleeced Ram and winged horse Pegasus, not to mention the creatures of legend such as the Phoenix, Unicorns (Monocerata). Even amongst the tribes of man, myth spoke of strange peoples inhabiting the far reaches of the earth such as the hopping Umbrella-Foots, the one-eyed Arimaspians, the Dog-Headed men, and the puny Pygmies. [PAR] AMPHISBAENAE see Beasts, African [PAR] AUTOMOTONS (Automotones) Creatures crafted out of metal and endowed with life by the smith-god Hephaestus. [PAR] BULLS, BRONZE (Tauroi Khalkeoi) Four fire-breathing, bronze bulls which Hephaestus crafted for King Aeetes of Colchis. [PAR] CELEDONES (Keledones) Golden singing maidens which Hephaistos crafted for the first temple of Apollo at Delphi. [PAR] DOGS, GOLD & SILVER (Kuones Khryseos Argyreos) A pair of gold and silver dogs which Hephaestus crafted for King Alcinous of the Phaeacians. [PAR] HORSES, CABEIRIAN (Hippoi Kabeirikoi) A pair of metallic, fire-breathing horses owned by the twin Cabiri gods. [PAR] MAIDENS, GOLDEN (Kourai Khryseai) Four golden maidens which Hephaestus crafted as his own attendants. [PAR] TALOS A bronze giant which Hephaestus crafted for Queen Europa of Crete to patrol the borders of her island. [PAR] BASILISCS see Beasts, African [PAR] BEASTS, AFRICAN (Theres Aithiopes) The semi-legendary land of Ethiopia (Sub-saharan Africa) was the home of many fabulous beasts. [PAR] AMPHISBAENAE (Amphisbainai) Saharan snakes with two heads, one at each end of the body. [PAR] BASILISCS (Basiliskoi) Deadly serpents which killed by touch. [PAR] BULLS, ETHIOPIAN (Tauroi Aithiopikoi) Gigantic African bulls whose red hides were impervious to steel. [PAR] CATOBLEPAS (Katoblepon) African hoofed animals whose downward looking head, when raised, could kill man with a gaze or with its noxious breath. [PAR] DRAGONS, ETHIOPIAN (Drakones Aithiopikoi) Gigantic African serpents. [PAR] LEUCROCOTAE (Leukrokota) An animals with a powerful jaw of bone in place of teeth, which could imitate human voices to lure it prey. [PAR] PEGASI, ETHIOPIAN (Pegasoi Aithiopikoi) The winged horses of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History Jeopardy Template - jeopardylabs.com History Jeopardy Template [PAR] Who is the Medici Family [PAR] Who was the wealthy family in Florence that funded many artists during the Renaissance? [PAR] 100 [PAR] Who is Prometheus [PAR] Who is that man that brought fire to the people of Greece by breaking off a piece of the sun? [PAR] 100 [PAR] Who is Helen of Sparta [PAR] The Trojan War began because of the abduction of which Spartan queen according to classical sources? [PAR] 100 [PAR] What was the river that Egyptian civilizations depended on for flooding and irrigation? [PAR] 100 [PAR] After what explorer is our continent named? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is Legalism [PAR] What was the ancient Chinese philosophy that was used to bring an end to the Warring States Period in ancient China? [PAR] 200 [PAR] Who was the very wealthy king who loved gold more than anything? [PAR] 200 [PAR] In what year was the last battle of the War of 1812? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What type of belief system did most early civilizations have? [PAR] 200 [PAR] Who is that Spanish explorer that conquered the Incan empire? [PAR] 300 [PAR] What was the pictographic script used by the ancient Egyptians involving symbols? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Who was the god that was thrown off Mount Olympus because he was ugly? [PAR] 300 [PAR] During the Fourth Crusade, the pope excommunicated the Crusaders because they sacked what Christian city? [PAR] 300 [PAR] What is the Shang Dynasty [PAR] What Chinese dynasty used tortoise shells and 'oracle bones' to communicate with the spirits which led to the first examples of Chinese writing? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Who is known as the first man to sail all the way around the world? [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is \"Ring around the Rosie\" [PAR] What is the song that children sing for fun, but actually describes the Black Death that spread across Europe? [PAR] 400 [PAR] Artemis and who were the twins that Zeus had with Leto? [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who is Henry Tudor [PAR] The War of Roses was fought between the Lancasters and the Yorks, but was one by a leader of neither party named who? [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who is the Nazca [PAR] Who of this early Andes Mountains civilization carved enormous pictographs or glyphs into the desert floor that might be a form of ancient calendar? [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who crossed Panama and was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean? [PAR] 500 [PAR] What is 1886 [PAR] What is the year in which the United States was presented with a monumental gift from France? [PAR] 500 [PAR] Who is Paris [PAR] According to legend, who fired the arrow that hit Achilles in the heel, his only vulnerable spot? [PAR] 500 [PAR] What is the Treaty of Westphalia [PAR] What was the resolution of the 30 Years War? [PAR] 500 [PAR] What is Papua New Guinea [PAR] Jarred Diamond began searching the world for answers to a question posed by Yali, a native of what tropical country where Diamond did his early research? [PAR] 500"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hades - Greek Mythology Hades [PAR] Hades [PAR] See More Hades Pictures > [PAR] Hades was the brother of Zeus and Poseidon . After the overthrow of their father, Cronus , he drew lots with them to share the universe. He drew poorly, which resulted in becoming lord of the underworld and ruler of the dead. Nevertheless, he was not considered to be death itself, as this was a different god, called Thanatos . Greedy like his brother Poseidon , he was mainly interested in increasing his subjects, and anyone whose deeds resulted in people dying was favoured by him. The Erinnyes (the Furies) were welcomed guests in his kingdom. [PAR] The Greeks were not keen on uttering his name, afraid of causing some kind of reaction that would end up with them dead sooner. Instead, they decided to give him another name, Plouton , deriving from the Greek word for wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. Thus, Hades also became the god of wealth. [PAR] Although an Olympian, Hades preferred the Underworld and rarely left his kingdom. His weapon was a pitchfork, which he used to create earthquakes, similar to the way Poseidon used his trident. He also had a helmet of invisibility, which he had received as a gift from the Cyclopes , in order to use it during the clash of the Titans . He was married to Persephone , daughter of Demeter , whom Hades abducted and carried down to the Underworld. [PAR] Hades Is also called Pluto, Dis Pater, Orcus, Plouton."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes [PAR] Tom Lehrer [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] WMG [PAR] \"Come back tomorrow night, we're gonna do\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd fractions.\" [PAR] \"I find that if you take the various popular song forms to their logical extremes, you can arrive at almost anything from the ridiculous to the obscene\u2014or, as they say in New York , sophisticated.\" [PAR] \u2014Tom Lehrer [PAR] Thomas Andrew Lehrer (born April 9, 1928) is an American satirist who managed to achieve remarkable popularity and impact on popular culture, despite having produced only three albums' worth of material in the 1950s and '60s before retiring to a life in academia as a mathematician. Lehrer's pieces often take the form of witty parodies of various popular song forms. Other common themes in his work are disapproval of nuclear war, Cold War politics, and folk singing . Of course, he undercuts that last by putting forth as perfect a rendition of such songs as can be done with only a piano (\"imagine that I am playing an 88-string guitar\", as he said in his intro to \"The Folk Song Army,\" on his 1965 album That Was the Year That Was) as accompaniment. [PAR] He also wrote 10 songs for the children's educational series The Electric Company (1971) . [PAR] Lehrer is still alive, and occasionally performing. At the 80th birthday party of a fellow mathematician and friend Irving \"Kaps\" Kaplansky, he dusted off a handful of mathematics songs [PAR] to an appreciative crowd of students and fellow mathematicians. [PAR] \"Weird Al\" Yankovic cites Tom Lehrer as one of his inspirations, while Dr Demento has described him as \"the greatest musical satirist of the 20th Century.\" Lehrer's own inspirations notably include Gilbert and Sullivan , Danny Kaye and Cole Porter . He also claimed to have invented the Jell-O shot [PAR] as a way of circumventing military base regulations, though the idea goes at least as far back as the 1862 book, How to Mix Drinks or The Bon-Vivant\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Companion. [PAR] More of Tom Lehrer (1959) [PAR] An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer (1959)note A live album with the material from More of... [PAR] Revisited (1960)note A live album with the material from Songs by...; the CD version also contains two songs he wrote for The Electric Company (1971) [PAR] That Was the Year That Was (1965) [PAR] Mr. Lehrer's works display examples of: [PAR] Acting Unnatural : In one of Tom Lehrer's compositions for The Electric Company (1971) , \"L-Y\", this trope comes into play in the second verse. Enhanced by the animation for the song, in which the \"secret agent man\" leans against the safe he is trying to open while playing with a yo-yo and smiling ear to ear. [PAR] You're a secret agent man [PAR] Who's after the secret plan [PAR] How do you act so they don't know you're a spy? [PAR] Ah-normally ( Not-So-Innocent Whistle ) Normally (whistles again) [PAR] Normal... L-Y! [PAR] Alma Mater Song : [PAR] \"Bright College Days\". [PAR] \"Fight Fiercely, Harvard\". It is actually a parody of a Football Fight Song , but Harvard is Tom Lehrer's alma mater. [PAR] Arson, Murder, and Jaywalking : The final verse of \"The Irish Ballad\": [PAR] And when at last the police came by [PAR] Her little pranks she did not deny [PAR] For to do so she would have had to lie... [PAR] And lyin' she knew was a sin. [PAR] Inverted with the the review-quotes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Burnt-Out Case | The Nation A Burnt-Out Case | The Nation [PAR] A Burnt-Out Case [PAR] If you are a current Subscriber and are unable to log in, you may have to create a NEW username and password. To do so, click here and use the \u201cNEW USER\u201d sign-up option. [PAR] Log In [PAR] A Burnt-Out Case [PAR] A Burnt-Out Case [PAR] A new biography of Timothy Leary reveals the mixed-up sociopath behind the \"turn on, tune in, drop out\" mantra. [PAR] Print [PAR] My intersection with LSD came at a time when Dr. Timothy Leary\u2019s legacy had been watered down to near-flavorlessness. It went as follows: One tab of acid at a late-era Grateful Dead show at Soldier Field, where I hallucinated a giant eagle and got mocked by a nurse for wearing a necklace made of Fimo beads that I\u2019d bought in Oregon; another tab two nights later, followed by eight hours of seeing vampires crawl across a leaky apartment ceiling in Evanston, Illinois; and about a quarter-tab in the spring of 1994, which led to a night of then-stereotypically freaky New Orleans French Quarter tourism. While Leary was going about the slow process of dying online in Beverly Hills, surrounded by web geeks who hadn\u2019t been born when he began to expand his consciousness, I felt like I was sucking the fumes from a bus that had long since left the station. [PAR] Ad Policy [PAR] In these wretched drug days of widespread crystal-meth addiction, transcontinental Xanax-popping and speed-laced Mexican ditch weed posing as The Chron, it\u2019s harder than ever to swallow the idea that mind-altering drug use could transform our staggering society. That prospect becomes even harder to entertain when you consider the most famous proponent of narcotics-fueled social change. Robert Greenfield\u2019s comprehensive biography of Leary is an epically thrilling, wicked epitaph for the vain, bizarre, self-promoting guru who, depending on your perspective, either poisoned or blessed our culture with his ridiculous \u201cturn on, tune in and drop out\u201d mantra. As Greenfield boldly and correctly asserts, Leary was the \u201cwrong man\u201d to inherit the future of psychedelic research. Psychiatrist Humphry Osmond, who coined the term \u201cpsychedelic,\u201d even compared Leary to Hitler\u2013not for the magnitude of his crimes (which were absurd and, other than escaping from prison, arguably not even criminal) but for the transcendent quality of his sociopathic megalomania, which he parlayed into drug guru status. [PAR] This 600-page tome doesn\u2019t really begin to percolate until Leary starts taking drugs. Until then, it\u2019s standard biography: Thoughts of an absent alcoholic father traumatize an intelligent but self-absorbed West Point dropout. A sad childhood leads our protagonist down the path to unfaithful husbandry. His first wife, the mother of his two children, commits suicide. That terrible event, which would shatter an ordinary life, barely seemed to affect Leary; if psychedelics are supposed to destroy the ego, they didn\u2019t do a very good job with Tim Leary. The book quotes an anthropologist, experienced with tribal drug-taking cultures, who in the fall of 1960 said that peyote had \u201cno place in our culture or our mythology. We don\u2019t have anything that enables us to explain or deal with this and therefore I don\u2019t think it is something we can introduce.\u201d But by then it was too late. Leary had already slipped acid into the well. [PAR] In Greenfield\u2019s telling, the great decade began as self-parody in Cambridge, Massachusetts, while Leary was still a lecturer at Harvard. More specifically, it was Halloween, 1960. Leary was conducting sleazy, absurd drug \u201cexperiments\u201d at his house. A houseguest ingested a lot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Names \u2013 Nelson Mandela Foundation Names \u2013 Nelson Mandela Foundation [PAR] Names [PAR] The late Mr Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is sometimes referred to by other names. [PAR] Each name has its own special meaning and story. When you use them you should know what you are saying and why. So here is a brief explanation of each name: [PAR] Rolihlahla [PAR] This was Mr Mandela\u2019s birth name: it is an isiXhosa name that means \u201cpulling the branch of a tree\u201d, but colloquially it means \u201ctroublemaker\u201d. His father gave him this name. [PAR] Nelson [PAR] This name was given to him on his first day at school by his teacher, Miss Mdingane. Giving African children English names was a custom among Africans in those days and was influenced by British colonials who could not easily, and often would not, pronounce African names. It is unclear why Miss Mdingane chose the name \u201cNelson\u201d for Mr Mandela. [PAR] Madiba [PAR] This is the name of the clan of which Mr Mandela was a member. A clan name is much more important than a surname as it refers to the ancestor from which a person is descended. Madiba was the name of a Thembu chief who ruled in the Transkei in the 18th century. It is considered very polite to use someone\u2019s clan name. [PAR] Tata [PAR] This isiXhosa word means \u201cfather\u201d and is a term of endearment that many South Africans use for Mr Mandela. Since he was a father figure to many, they call him Tata regardless of their own age. [PAR] Khulu [PAR] Mr Mandela is often referred to as \u201cKhulu\u201d, which means great, paramount, grand. The speaker means \u201cGreat One\u201d when referring to Mr Mandela in this way. It is also a shortened form of the isiXhosa word \u201cTat'omkhulu\u201d for \u201cgrandfather\u201d. [PAR] Dalibhunga [PAR] This is the name Mr Mandela was given at the age of 16 once he had undergone initiation, the traditional Xhosa rite of passage into manhood. It means \u201ccreator or founder of the council\u201d or \u201cconvenor of the dialogue\u201d. [PAR] Related[DOC] [TLE] Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph [PAR] Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? [PAR] What\u2019s in a name? Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is often known by other names [PAR] A regal, assured and self-contained man, Nelson Mandela would never have claimed sole credit for the transformation of his country Photo: EPA [PAR] Watch Mandela's 'walk to freedom' in 1990 [PAR] Nelson - the name given to him on his first day at school by his teacher, Miss Mdingane. [PAR] At the time it was customary to give African children English names, as a legacy of the colonial days in which the rulers could not often pronounce African names. No one knows why Miss Mdingane chose the name Nelson, although Mandela suggested in his autobiography that he was given the name Nelson after the British sea captain Lord Nelson. [PAR] Rolihlahla - his birth name, given to him by his father. In his native language of Xhosa it means \u201cpulling the branch of a tree\u201d, but colloquially it means \u201ctroublemaker\u201d. [PAR] Mandela - his family surname [PAR] Nelson Mandela: life in pictures [PAR] Madiba - the name of the clan of which Mandela is a member. A clan name is much more important than a surname as it refers to the ancestor from which a person is descended. Madiba was the name of a Thembu chief who ruled in the Transkei in the 18th century."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] JAMES DEAN: A Life in Pictures \u2014 \u2014 Everything\u2019s ... JAMES DEAN: A Life in Pictures \u2014 \u2013 Everything\u2019s Interesting \u2013 Medium [PAR] Baby Jimmy and his father, Winton Dean, ca. 1931 [PAR] JAMES DEAN: A Life in Pictures \u2014 [PAR] A Look at the Men Whose Images Birthed a Legend [PAR] Legendary actor James Dean was born on February 8, 1931\u2026 which would have made today his 85th birthday, had his life not been cut tragically short at the age of 24 in a horrific car crash. Many people remember Dean from the three starring roles he committed to celluloid in 1955, before he died \u2014 Cal Trask in East of Eden, Jim Stark in Rebel Without a Cause, and Jett Rink in Giant \u2014 and, make no mistake, those roles were what led him to be one of the most influential actors of all time. [PAR] However, there\u2019s another facet to Dean\u2019s career that caused him to be one of the most recognizable faces in the world: during his one year of stardom, he collaborated with several photographers, who took thousands of photographs, which have since been reproduced ad infinitum. James Dean is many things to many people \u2014 youth, tragically lost; a noble embodiment of inchoate teenage angst; a representation of post-WWII America in general; an exciting new form of masculinity that isn\u2019t afraid of femininity; a queer (or queer-friendly) role model; and a proponent of a revolutionary, rebellious new form of acting. In addition to his film roles, it was these images, by these photographers, that made him so exciting, and made his metaphorical meaning so infinitely malleable. Many were not published until after his death \u2014 as fans hungered for more appearances by an actor who would never film another movie, fan magazines around the country bought up and published any and all images ever taken of Dean. [PAR] So, on what would have been Jimmy\u2019s 85th birthday, here\u2019s a look back at some of the most famous \u2014 and some more obscure \u2014 photos that make up the Dean mythos. [PAR] ROY SCHATT (1954) [PAR] The first of Dean\u2019s three major photographer-collaborators was Roy Schatt. The two met while Dean was a student at the prestigious Actor\u2019s Studio in New York City; Schatt was the official photographer of the school, and the two soon struck up a friendship. Jimmy had an interest in photography, as he did with most art forms and professions \u2014 friends and confidantes all described him as a consummate dabbler who believed knowledge of anything and everything would help him become a better actor. So, Roy became a friend and mentor of sorts, photographing Jimmy frequently, as well as helping Jimmy with his own photography. Remember, these photos were taken in 1954, before East of Eden, before anyone had any idea what kind of iconography would soon be associated with Dean\u2019s visage. [PAR] Roy Schatt took this photo, which is one of my favorites of Jimmy. He often said he hoped to be a director someday; while he died too young to realize that dream, seeing photographs of James Dean filming is the closest we\u2019ll come to seeing a James Dean film. [PAR] Roy Schatt was also responsible for one of the most famous Dean photoshoots, known as the Torn Sweater Series. These pictures were taken for a LIFE Magazine spread that never ran. They have been imitated countless times, printed on countless college dorm posters around the world. Looking at them now, I\u2019m awed by how they anticipate various aspects of Dean\u2019s star image \u2014 the moodiness,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barry Clifford, at it again! | PiratesAhoy! Barry Clifford, at it again! | PiratesAhoy! [PAR] Please take a moment to read our Welcome Message and Forum Rules . [PAR] Barry Clifford, at it again! [PAR] Tweet [PAR] by Thagarr , Aug 20, 2010 at 10:04 AM [PAR] Thagarr Pining for the Fjords! Staff Member Administrator Creative Support Storm Modder News Gatherer Hearts of Oak Donator [PAR] Joined: [PAR] Steeler Country [PAR] [imgleft]http://lh6.ggpht.com/_cQOyQjTP3GY/SzdzZcJpthI/AAAAAAAAAIU/lTv6nE8qBxo/pa-logo.gif[/imgleft]In late September, Barry Clifford will be off to an island off the east coast of Madagascar to do what he does best, explore sunken pirate ships! Clifford is headed to the small island of \u00c3\u0192\u00c5\u00bdle Sainte-Marie This is the first major expedition that I know of to search for pirate history in the area. It makes sense as these were some of the most pirate infested waters of the Golden Age! [PAR] Ile Sainte-Marie, or St. Mary's Island as it is known in English, became a popular base for pirates throughout the 17th and 18th centuries due to several reasons: it was not far from the maritime routes along which ships returning from the East Indies sailed in transit, their holds overflowing with wealth, it was provided with bays and inlets protected from storms and finally, it had abundant fruit and was situated in quiet waters. Legendary pirates like William Kidd, Robert Culliford, Olivier Levasseur, Henry Every, and Thomas Tew, lived in the \u00c3\u0192\u00c2\u00aele aux Forbans, an island located in the bay of Sainte Marie's main town, Ambodifotatra. Many of them would found a family line. A lot of vestiges of this history remains at Sainte Marie. For example, several authentic pirate vessels still lie within a few meters of the surface in the Baie des Forbans. Two of these have been tentatively identified as the remains of Captain Kidd's Adventure Galley and Captain Condent's Fiery Dragon. [PAR] The utopian pirate republic of Libertatia was also rumored to exist in this area, although the republic's existence, let alone its location, has never been proven. [PAR] Click to expand... [PAR] Barry Clifford made a name for himself in 1984 by discovering the first authentic pirate shipwreck ever found, The Whydah! If you haven't read up on the Whydah, it is really quite fascinating, this single wreck has done more to give a picture of what real pirate life was like than almost any other source. You can read more about it HERE! This time Clifford will be looking to explore 5 sunken ships he first discovered in 1999, and he also has plans to explore some underwater tunnels in the area. This time, he will be looking for artifacts of the pirate Olivier Le Vasseur, known as \"The Buzzard.\" I can't wait to see just what this expedition uncovers, it should be fascinating to say the least! [PAR] P'town explorer heading to pirate ships [PAR] PROVINCETOWN \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u009d Pirating the world's great sailing ships in the Indian Ocean was a career option in the early 1700s. In late September, underwater explorer Barry Clifford of Province-town will head to an island off the east coast of Madagascar to get to the bottom of it. [PAR] Clifford first discovered five antique ships sunken in the harbor of Sainte Marie Island in 1999 and 2000 along with underwater tunnels that may hold the stashes of renowned French pirate Olivier Le Vasseur, known as \"The Buzzard.\" [PAR] \"The Buzzard\" was an apprentice pirate with Capt. \"Black Sam\" Bellamy, Clifford told the Times yesterday. Bellamy captured 50 ships in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including the Whydah in 1717, a three-masted English slave"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christopher Reeve | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos ... Christopher Reeve | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos | AllMovie [PAR] twitter [PAR] Biography by Sandra Brennan [PAR] Though he has played a variety of leading roles, tall, dark, and wholesomely handsome Christopher Reeve will always be the definitive Superman to an entire generation of \"Man of Steel\" fans. That his definitive character was such a model of physical prowess only serves to intensify the tragedy of Reeve's post-Superman years, marked by a 1995 horseback riding accident that left him almost completely paralyzed. [PAR] A native of New York City, Reeve was born to journalist Barbara Johnson and professor/writer Franklin Reeve on September 25, 1952. When he was four, his parents divorced, and Reeve and his brother went with their mother to Princeton, NJ, after she married her second husband, a stockbroker. Reeve became interested in acting at the age of eight, an interest that complemented his musical studies at the time. The following year, he made his professional acting debut in a production of a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta at Princeton's McCarter Theater. He would continue to work with the theater through his early teens and further enhanced his resum\u00e9 at the age of 15, when he received a summer apprenticeship to study drama in Williamstown. The following year, he secured his first agent. [PAR] Reeve went on to major in English and music at Cornell University. Following his graduation, he pursued a master's degree in drama at Juilliard and then studied under actor John Houseman 's tutelage before heading to Europe to work at London's Old Vic and the Comedie Fran\u00e7aise of Paris. Upon his 1974 return stateside, Reeve took over the role of Ben Harper on the long-running soap opera Love of Life; he stayed with the show through 1978. During this period, he made his Broadway debut, starring opposite Katharine Hepburn in a production of A Matter of Gravity. [PAR] Though he had made his feature-film debut with a small role in the undersea adventure Gray Lady Down (1977), Reeve did not become a star until he beat out a number of big name actors, including Robert Redford , Sylvester Stallone , and Clint Eastwood , to don the metallic blue body stocking and red cape in Richard Donner 's 1978 blockbuster Superman: The Movie . Though the film abounded with exuberant, sly humor, Reeve played his Superman straight, giving him great charm, a touch of irony, and a clumsy wistfulness, thereby creating a believable alien hero who masquerades as a bungling newsman and pines for the love of unknowing colleague Lois Lane. The film was one of the year's most popular and earned Reeve a British Academy Award for Most Promising Newcomer. He went on to reprise the role in the film's three sequels, none of which matched the quality and verve of the original. [PAR] In a concerted effort to avoid typecasting, Reeve attempted to prove his versatility by essaying a wide variety of roles. In 1980, while Superman II was in production, he returned to Broadway to appear as a gay amputee in Lanford Wilson's Fifth of July. That same year, he also starred in the romantic fantasy Somewhere in Time , playing a Chicago playwright who travels back in time to capture the attentions of a beautiful woman ( Jane Seymour ). Though generally cast as a good guy, Reeve occasionally attempted darker characters. In Deathtrap (1981), he played a crazed playwright, while he portrayed a corrupt priest in the dismal Monsignor (1982) and a reporter entangled in the prostitution industry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ... Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers in rock band Toto - LA Times [PAR] Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers in rock band Toto [PAR] Toto [PAR] Jim Shea / Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images [PAR] The Grammy-winning rock group Toto in 1984: Mike Porcaro, left, Steve Porcaro, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, Steve Lukather and Fergie Frederiksen. [PAR] The Grammy-winning rock group Toto in 1984: Mike Porcaro, left, Steve Porcaro, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, Steve Lukather and Fergie Frederiksen. (Jim Shea / Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images) [PAR] Steve Chawkins [PAR] Mike Porcaro, a bass player who performed along with his two brothers in the rock group Toto, dies at 59 [PAR] Mike Porcaro, a bass player who performed along with his two brothers in the rock group Toto , died Sunday at his Los Angeles home. He was 59. [PAR] Porcaro had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a degenerative neuromuscular disorder also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. [PAR] ------------ [PAR] FOR THE RECORD [PAR] Mike Porcaro: A news obituary in the March 17 California section of Mike Porcaro, former bass player with the rock group Toto, said he was born in Hartford, Conn. He was born in South Windsor, Conn. [PAR] Notable Deaths [PAR] Photos of leaders, stars and other notable figures who died in 2015. [PAR] ------------ [PAR] His death was announced in a Facebook post by his brother Steve, a former keyboardist for the Grammy-winning band. [PAR] A third Porcaro brother, Jeff, was Toto's drummer. He died of a heart attack at his Hidden Hills home in 1992. [PAR] The sons of studio session percussionist Joe Porcaro, the brothers attended Grant High School in Van Nuys and honed their skills in a garage their family had transformed into a rehearsal and recording studio. [PAR] Jeff, Steve and four other musicians formed Toto in 1978. Mike joined after David Hungate, the group's original bass player, left in 1982. [PAR] In 1983, Toto won a best-album Grammy for \"Toto IV,\" a best-song Grammy for \"Rosanna\" and several other Grammy awards. On that February evening in the Shrine Auditorium, Joe Porcaro performed in the pit orchestra as his sons collected their music industry honors. [PAR] Born May 29, 1955, in Hartford, Conn., Michael Joseph Porcaro performed with Seals and Crofts, Boz Scaggs and other groups before signing on with Toto. [PAR] When he was 50, he noticed a puzzling weakness in his hands and fingers. Doctors diagnosed him with ALS in 2006 and he retired the following year. [PAR] Toto went on hiatus in 2008 but returned two years later, staging a summer tour to benefit Porcaro and draw attention to ALS."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iggy Azalea explains her stage name in new series \u2018A.K.A ... Iggy Azalea explains her stage name in new series \u2018A.K.A.\u2019 - AXS [PAR] Iggy Azalea explains her stage name in new series \u2018A.K.A.\u2019 [PAR] By: Tarringo Vaughan Aug 22, 2014 [PAR] 235 1 y2014m08d22 [PAR] 19843 [PAR] Rapper Iggy Azalea is on fire and her musical career seems to just be getting started. The \u201c Fancy \u201d rapper is preparing to make her debut at this Sunday\u2019s 2014 MTV Video Music Awards with collaborator Rita Ora , but in the meantime Azalea has taken the time to explain her stage name. On Thursday, the Australian rapper was the first celebrity to appear in the new Vevo original series \u201cA.K.A.\u201d and explained just where she got her name. [PAR] The show, which premiered on Thursday , Aug. 21, has stars explain how they got their stage names. Azalea\u2019s stage name came as a \u201ctwo-part saga.\u201d She starts off saying: [PAR] My name is Amethyst Amelia Kelly, but you guys probably know me as Iggy Azalea. And that\u2019s how it\u2019s gonna stay.\u201d [PAR] Interestingly, the first part of her name originated from her dog of the same name. Her dog, Iggy, was named after Iggy Pop. She loved her dog very much and went on to explain an incident involving her favorite pet. [PAR] One time he got bitten by a snake,\u201d She shared. \u201cAnd he couldn\u2019t move his legs, and I realized he had killed the snake.\u201d [PAR] After he survived the incident and was back to his old self, she got a name-plate necklace made in his honor. She continued. [PAR] Everybody started to think that my name was Iggy so it kind of became my nickname and I took it on board and started rapping with it.\u201d [PAR] The second part of her name actually comes from her grandfather, who disapproved of her just having a one-word stage name. He told her that a good stage name should have a certain number of syllables and just going by Iggy wasn\u2019t cutting it. She recalled, [PAR] (He) said to me, \u2018You can\u2019t have a one-word stage name'...It made perfect mathematical sense. So I had to think of a good last name.\u201d [PAR] After much thought, she went with the name of the street her mother and family live on. So basically she went with the name of her pet and the street her family lives on to come up with Iggy Azalea. The rap star is now a household name and would like to forget her born name Amethyst. Other celebrities to appear in the series are Common, Future, G-Easy, and Daddy Yankee. Should be interesting to see if any of them can top Azalea\u2019s story. [PAR] By: Tarringo Vaughan[DOC] [TLE] Iggy Pop - IMDb Iggy Pop - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Legendary Rock 'n' Roll wildman and substance abuser. Recorded a series of classic rock albums with The Stooges and later as a solo artist. Worked extensively with David Bowie . See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 19 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 14 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 36 people [PAR] created 03 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 people [PAR] created 21 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 people [PAR] created 13 Aug 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Iggy Pop's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 1"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Montreal-Dorval International Airport, QC profile ... Montreal-Dorval International Airport, QC profile - Aviation Safety Network [PAR] Montreal-Dorval International Airport, QC profile [PAR] Last updated: 5 November 2013 [PAR] Canada IATA code:YUL ICAO code: CYUL Elevation: 118 feet / 36 m Opened: 1941 Notams: Notams for CYUL Airport history: [PAR] SEP 1941"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Michigan - Great Lakes Information Network Lake Michigan [PAR] Lake Michigan [PAR] As erosion threatens lakefront, North Shore towns seek solutions together [PAR] Chicago Tribune (7/27) [PAR] For two centuries, man-made structures that jut into Lake Michigan along the shore north of Chicago, Ill., have impeded the natural southward drift of sand, creating buildups in some places, and shortages in others. [PAR] Lake Huron\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds water levels post 6 cm gain over last year [PAR] Manitoulin Expositor (10/12) [PAR] Partially due to Lake Superior having a very wet summer, Lake Huron and Michigan water levels are at high levels not seen in 20 years. [PAR] Michigan DNR announces cut for stocked Chinook salmon In 2017 [PAR] WWTV-TV \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Traverse City, MI (10/11) [PAR] Following Michigan DNR recommendations, Lake Michigan will see a 46 percent reduction in stocked Chinook salmon in 2017. [PAR] Slow salmon run hurting west Michigan anglers and businesses [PAR] WXMI-TV - Grand Rapids, MI (10/11) [PAR] A dry and warm fall has kept lake water temperatures high, giving salmon a few extra weeks to swim free in the lake. [PAR] Hawkfest invites public to watch, learn about raptors [PAR] Chicago Tribune (10/10) [PAR] To help the public learn more about hawks and other birds migrating along Lake Michigan, Lake Forest College helped create the first annual Lake County Hawkfest. [PAR] Restored South Haven Lighthouse unveiled [PAR] WKZO \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Battle Creek, MI (10/8) [PAR] A freshly-painted South Haven Lighthouse was unveiled after a $300,000 restoration project on the exterior and interior of the historic landmark in the Lake Michigan shore community. [PAR] Search GLIN for more news items about [PAR] [PAR] Overview [PAR] Lake Michigan, the second largest Great Lake by volume with just under 1,180 cubic miles of water, is the only Great Lake entirely within the United States. Approximately 118 miles wide and 307 miles long, Lake Michigan has more than 1,600 miles of shoreline. Averaging 279 feet in depth, the lake reaches 925 feet at its deepest point. The lake's northern tier is in the colder, less developed upper Great Lakes region, while its more temperate southern basin contains the Milwaukee and Chicago metropolitan areas. The drainage basin, approximately twice as large as the 22,300 square miles of surface water, includes portions of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin. Lake Michigan is hydrologically inseparable from Lake Huron, joined by the wide Straits of Mackinac. [PAR] References: Great Lakes Atlas , Environment Canada and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995 [PAR] [PAR] An Advocate's Field Guide to Protecting Lake Michigan [PAR] Alliance for the Great Lakes [PAR] After two years of research by organizations around Lake Michigan, this guidebook identifies basinwide threats; it is organized into three chapters: habitat restoration, toxic elimination and land and water conservation. [PAR] Ohio State University and NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory [PAR] The Great Lakes Forecasting System provides physical data about the lake, including this bathymetry map. [PAR] Bathymetry of Lake Michigan [PAR] U.S. National Geophysical Data Center [PAR] As part of NOAA's Great Lakes Data Rescue Project, this ite features images of lake depth and lakefloor topography. [PAR] University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute [PAR] Color illustrations or photographs, size, coloring and other information about many Lake Michigan fish species. [PAR] NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) [PAR] A map using NOAA satellite data to show recent water temperatures of the Great Lakes. [PAR] Historic Data - Lake Michigan [PAR] U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Detroit District [PAR] The Army Corps provides current and historic data on the Great Lakes, including yearly water levels from 1918,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mama Told Me (Not to Come) by Three Dog Night Songfacts Mama Told Me (Not to Come) by Three Dog Night Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] This was written by Randy Newman , the nephew of Academy Award-winning composer Lionel Newman. The song is about a party that left a \"bad taste\" in the writer's mouth. The drug scene was fairly new to American middle-class youth at that time. [PAR] This song has the distinction of being the very first #1 hit on the American Top 40 syndicated radio program. The show, hosted by Casey Kasem, became popular on AM radio throughout the world until its decline in the mid-1990s. This beat out The Beatles' \" The Long and Winding Road \" (their last hit record before the final breakup) and Elvis Presley's \"The Wonder of You\" for top chart honors in early August 1970. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Charles - Charlotte, NC, for above 2 [PAR] Newman's original version was included on his 1970 album 12 Songs. His version was only 2 minutes 12 seconds, over a minute shorter than Three Dog Night's version. [PAR] Cory Wells, who sang lead on this track, was the Three Dog Night band member who pushed to record it. He was a big fan of the song and played it with his previous band. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astrology: Harrison Ford, date of birth: 1942/07/13 ... Astrology: Harrison Ford, date of birth: 1942/07/13, Horoscope, Astrological Portrait, Dominant Planets, Birth Data, Biography [PAR] Display the full biography... [PAR] Astrological portrait of Harrison Ford (excerpt) [PAR] Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the 51,962 celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait. [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Here are some character traits from Harrison Ford's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers. [PAR] In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Harrison Ford. [PAR] The dominant planets of Harrison Ford [PAR] When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits. [PAR] In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile. [PAR] In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses. [PAR] The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important. [PAR] These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart. [PAR] The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 | The ... Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed [PAR] Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 [PAR] Malcolm X at the Founding Rally of the OAAU, [PAR] Audubon Ballroom, New York City, 1964 [PAR] Image Ownership: Public Domain [PAR] The Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) was founded by Malcolm X , John Henrik Clarke , and other black nationalist leaders on June 24, 1964 in Harlem, New York . Formed shortly after his break with the Nation of Islam , the OAAU was a secular institution that sought to unify 22 million non- Muslim African Americans with the people of the African Continent. The OAAU was modeled after the Organization of African Unity (OAU) , a coalition of 53 African nations working to provide a unified political voice for the continent. In the coalition spirit of the OAU, Malcolm X sought to reconnect African Americans with their African heritage, establish economic independence, and promote African American self-determination. He also sought OAAU representation on the OAU. [PAR] The OAAU was designed to encompass all peoples of African origin in the Western hemisphere, as well those on the African continent. Malcolm X insisted that progress for African Americans was intimately tied to progress in Africa, and outlined a platform of five fronts for this progress called \"The Basic Unity Program.\" This program called for Restoration, Reorientation, Education, Economic Security, and Self-Defense as a means of promoting Pan-African unity and interests. With a strong focus on education as the primary means of repairing the damages of slavery, economic discrimination, and physical violence directed towards African Americans, the OAAU hoped to foster pan-African consciousness. Among the more controversial positions taken by the OAAU was the suggestion that leaders of African states held more legitimate political power for African Americans than did the American government. [PAR] At the founding conference, Malcolm X stressed the importance of escaping terms like \"negro,\" \" integration ,\" or \"emancipation,\" insisting that such language was inherently pejorative and antithetical to the ideology of the OAAU. The OAAU called for African American-run institutions within the black community as well as increased participation in mainstream politics. In order to keep the OAAU strictly in African American hands, Malcolm X insisted that there be no monetary donations from non-African sources. The organization also refused membership to whites. [PAR] After Malcolm X was assassinated in the Audubon Ballroom on February 19, 1965, the fledgling movement died. Malcolm's half-sister Ella Collins took over the OAAU, but without his charismatic leadership, most members deserted the organization. Nonetheless the OAAU became the inspiration for hundreds of \"black power\" groups that emerged during the next decade. [PAR] Sources: [PAR] Bruce Perry, Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America (Tarrytown, N.Y.: Station Hill Press, 1991).; http://www.panafricanperspective.com/mxoaaufounding.html [PAR] Contributor:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Magellan Mission to Venus - NASA Magellan Mission to Venus [PAR] Magellan Mission to Venus [PAR] The Magellan spacecraft was launched on May 4, 1989, arrived at Venus on August 10, 1990 and was inserted into a near-polar elliptical orbit with a periapsis altitude of 294 km at 9.5 deg. N. Radio contact with Magellan was lost on October 12, 1994. The primary objectives of the Magellan mission were to map the surface of Venus with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and to determine the topographic relief of the planet. At the completion of radar mapping 98% of the surface was imaged at resolutions better than 100 m, and many areas were imaged multiple times. The image at the top of the page shows the 30-km diametar crater Adivar, with a jet-like streak extending off to the left. The streak, which measures over 500 km in length, is probably the result of the initial crater-forming impact. (This image is from C1-MIDR 15N077;1, framelet 52, Magellan CD-ROM MG_0019.) The mission was divided up into \"cycles\", each cycle lasted 243 days (the time necessary for Venus to rotate once under the Magellan orbit - i.e. the time necessary for Magellan to \"see\" the entire surface once.) The mission proceeded as follows: [PAR] 04 May 1989 - Launch 10 Aug 1990 - Venus orbit insertion and spacecraft checkout 15 Sep 1990 - Cycle 1: Radar mapping (left-looking) 15 May 1991 - Cycle 2: Radar mapping (right-looking) 15 Jan 1992 - Cycle 3: Radar mapping (left-looking) 14 Sep 1992 - Cycle 4: Gravity data acquisition 24 May 1993 - Aerobraking to circular orbit 03 Aug 1993 - Cycle 5: Gravity data acquisition 30 Aug 1994 - Windmill experiment 12 Oct 1994 - Termination experiment - loss of signal 13 Oct 1994 - Presumed loss of spacecraft [PAR] More detailed information about the cycles is available. A total of 4225 usable SAR imaging orbits was obtained by Magellan. Each orbit typically covered an area 20 km wide by 17,000 km long, at a resolution of 75 m/pixel. This raw SAR data was processed into image strips called full-resolution basic image data records (F-BIDRs). Adjacent F-BIDRs were then assembled into full-resolution mosaicked image data records (F-MIDRs). These images were then compressed once (by a factor of 3), twice (9), or 3 times (27), to give C1-, C2-, and C3-MIDRs. The MIDRs are available on the Magellan MIDR CD-ROMs from NSSDCA. More details about using Magellan CD-ROM's are also available, as are answers to frequently asked questions about the CD-ROMs and MIDRs. In addition, a CD-ROM Browser is available courtesy of the PDS Microwave Subnode. Other data was also collected by Magellan and is available at the NSSDCA. Altimetry and radiometry composite data records (ARCDR) are available on the ARCDR CD-ROMs . Magellan also collected radar emissivity, radar reflectivity, slope, and topographic data, available on the GxDR CD-ROMs , and gravity and radio occultation data. The USGS has also produced a set of full-resolution mosaics called FMAPs . All the Magellan CD-ROMs mentioned above have been produced under the auspices of the Planetary Data System, and have PDS formats and labels. Below is shown a global map of radar reflectance. [PAR] The Magellan mission scientific objectives were to study land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes, and model the interior of Venus. Magellan showed us an Earth-sized planet with no evidence of Earth-like plate tectonics. At least 85% of the surface is covered with volcanic flows, the remainder by highly deformed mountain belts. Even with the high surface temperature (475 C) and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com [PAR] Russian chess player [PAR] Alternative Titles: Garri Kimovich Kasparov, Garri Weinstein, Harry Weinstein [PAR] Garry Kasparov [PAR] Garry Kasparov, in full Garri Kimovich Kasparov, original name Garri Weinstein or Harry Weinstein (born April 13, 1963, Baku , Azerbaijan , U.S.S.R.), Russian chess master who became the world chess champion in 1985. [PAR] Garry Kasparov contemplating his next move against former world chess champion Anatoly Karpov \u2026 [PAR] Abilio Lope/Corbis [PAR] Kasparov was born to a Jewish father and an Armenian mother. He began playing chess at age 6, by age 13 was the Soviet youth champion, and won his first international tournament at age 16 in 1979. Kasparov became an international grandmaster in 1980. From 1973 to 1978 he studied under former world champion Mikhail Botvinnik . [PAR] Kasparov first challenged the reigning world champion Anatoly Karpov in a 1984\u201385 match, after he survived the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale des \u00c9checs ( FIDE ; the international chess federation) series of elimination matches. Kasparov lost four out of the first nine games but then adopted a careful defensive stance, taking an extraordinarily long series of drawn games with the champion. With Kasparov finally having won three games from the exhausted Karpov, FIDE halted the series after 48 games, a decision protested by Kasparov. In the two players\u2019 rematch in 1985, Kasparov narrowly defeated Karpov in a 24-game series and thereby became the youngest official champion in the history of the game. [PAR] In 1993 Kasparov and the English grandmaster Nigel Short left FIDE and formed a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). In response, FIDE stripped the title of world champion from Kasparov, who defeated Short that same year to become the PCA world champion. In 1995 he successfully defended his PCA title against Viswanathan Anand of India . [PAR] In 1996 Kasparov defeated a powerful IBM custom-built chess computer known as Deep Blue in a match that attracted worldwide attention. Kasparov and the team of Deep Blue programmers agreed to have a rematch in 1997. Deep Blue\u2019s intelligence was upgraded, and the machine prevailed. Kasparov resigned in the last game of the six-game match after 19 moves, granting the win to Deep Blue. In 2000 Kasparov lost a 16-game championship match to Vladimir Kramnik of Russia . [PAR] Garry Kasparov playing against Deep Blue, the chess-playing computer built by IBM. [PAR] Adam Nadel/AP [PAR] Kasparov retired from competitive chess in 2005, though not from involvement in chess. In particular, he produced an acclaimed series of books, Kasparov on My Great Predecessors (2003\u201306), that covered all the world chess champions from Wilhelm Steinitz through Karpov, as well as many other great players. He also kept in the public eye with his decision in 2005 to start a political organization, the United Civil Front, to oppose Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin . In 2006 Kasparov was one of the prime movers behind a broad coalition of political parties that formed the Other Russia, a group held together by only one goal: ousting Putin from power. In 2007, following several protest marches organized by the coalition in which Kasparov and other participants were arrested, the Other Russia chose Kasparov as its candidate for the 2008 presidential election but was unable to nominate him by the deadline. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in chess (game)[DOC] [TLE] RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov [PAR] Encyclopedia [PAR] The Baltic States regained their independence in September, 1991 [PAR] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Good Morning, Vietnam DVD (1987) Directed by Barry ... Good Morning, Vietnam DVD (1987) Directed by Barry Levinson; Starring Robin Williams; Touchstone / Disney | OLDIES.com [PAR] - Adrian Cronauer (Robin Williams) to radio audience [PAR] Entertainment Reviews: [PAR] \"...Williams is an extraordinary performer...\" [PAR] New York Times - 12/23/1987 [PAR] \"...Exceptionally strong....Williams's performance, though it's full of uproarious comedy, is the work of an accomplished actor. GOOD MORNING, VIETNAM is one man's tour de force...\" [PAR] Entertainment Weekly - 09/06/1996 [PAR] Rating: B+ [PAR] Variety - 12/23/1987 [PAR] \"...GOOD MORNING, VIETNAM is pure Robin Williams vehicle and gives the performer his best chance yet to display his manic talent on screen. It's an impressive act...\" [PAR] Los Angeles Times - 12/25/1987 [PAR] \"...Williams at the mike is like a man possessed, purified, liberated. Startling chains of ideas and wild leaps of imagery pour out of him...\" [PAR] Description by OLDIES.com: [PAR] Unarmed and Dangerously Funny... [PAR] When the U.S. Army engages irreverent, nonconformist radio deejay Adrian Cronauer, it unleashed a secret, if unpredictable, weapon: laughter. Academy Award winner Robin Williams (Best Supporting Actor, Good Will Hunting, 1997) shakes up 1965 Saigon in the role that garnered him his very first Oscar nomination. [PAR] Imported by the military to host an early a.m. radio show, Cronauer (Williams) blasts the formerly serene, sanitized airwaves with a constant barrage of rapid-fire humor and the hottest hits from back home. [PAR] The G.I.s love him, the top brass is up in arms. Riddled with sidesplitting comic salvos, bittersweet bombshells and hot '60s rock 'n' roll, this landmark film chronicles one man's raucous Saigon adventures amidst a world gone mad. Featuring all-new bonus material that includes hilarious outtakes from Robin Williams' \"raw\" monologues, this Special Edition of Good Morning Vietnam scores a direct hit every time you watch! [PAR] Product Description: [PAR] Set in 1965; Produced and released in 1987. [PAR] In GOOD MORNING, VIETNAM, which is based on a true story, Cronauer (Robin Williams) is a nonconformist with a wicked sense of humor who is transferred from Crete to Saigon. Outrageous and over the top, Cronauer speaks in accents, creates characters, pokes fun at everyone--including the President--and spins banned rock and roll tunes. While his antics amuse the masses, they also put him in hot water with his superior officers, particularly Lt. Steven Hauk (Bruno Kirby), who would prefer that the radio show be censored, sanitized, and completely noncontroversial. Cronauer takes his show outside the radio station when he starts to teach Vietnamese locals English in an effort to meet pretty, demure Trinh (Chintara Sukapatana). He befriends Trinh's brother, Tuan (Tung Thanh Tran), who becomes an unlikely comrade in uncertain times. Directed by Barry Levinson (DINER, AVALON), the film features a tour-de-force performance from Williams, who improvised much of the comedy used in the radio shows, earning an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. [PAR] Description by Buena Vista Home Entertainment: [PAR] Good Morning Vietnam [PAR] Academy Award(R)-winner Robin Williams shakes up 1965 Saigon in the role critics agree he was born to play -- irreverent, nonconformist deejay Adrian Cronauer. Imported by the Army for an early a.m. radio show, Cronauer blasts the formerly staid, sanitized airwaves with a constant barrage of rapid-fire humor and the hottest hits from back home. The G.I.s love him -- but the brass is up in arms! Riddled with sidesplitting comic bombshells and studded with hot '60s hits, the film depicts Cronauer's raucous Saigon adventures amid a world gone mad. GOOD MORNING VIETNAM is a direct hit -- the classic Robin Williams comedy! [PAR] Keywords:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bette Davis - Biography - IMDb Bette Davis - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bette Davis [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 210 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (108) | Personal Quotes (80) | Salary (9) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] The First Lady of Film [PAR] Height [PAR] 5' 3\" (1.6 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Ruth Elizabeth Davis was born April 5, 1908, in Lowell, Massachusetts, to Ruth Augusta (Favor) and Harlow Morrell Davis, a patent attorney. Her parents divorced when she was 10. She and her sister were raised by their mother. Her early interest was dance. To Bette, dancers led a glamorous life, but then she discovered the stage, and gave up dancing for acting. To her, it presented much more of a challenge. [PAR] After graduation from Cushing Academy, she was refused admittance to Eva Le Gallienne 's Manhattan Civic Repertory. She enrolled in John Murray Anderson 's Dramatic School and was the star pupil. She was in the off-Broadway play \"The Earth Between\" (1923), and her Broadway debut in 1929 was in \"Broken Dishes\". She also appeared in \"Solid South\". Late in 1930, she was hired by Universal, where she made her first film, called Way Back Home (1931). When she arrived in Hollywood, the studio representative who went to meet her train left without her because he could find no one who looked like a movie star. An official at Universal complained she had \"as much sex appeal as Slim Summerville \" and her performance in The Bad Sister (1931) didn't impress. [PAR] In 1932, she signed a seven-year deal with Warner Brothers Pictures. Her first film with them was Seed (1931). She became a star after her appearance in The Man Who Played God (1932), known as the actress that could play a variety of very strong and complex roles. More fairly successful movies followed, but it was the role of Mildred Rogers in RKO's Of Human Bondage (1934) that would give Bette major acclaim from the film critics. She had a significant number of write-in votes for the Best Actress Oscar, but didn't win. Warner Bros. felt their seven-year deal with Bette was more than justified. They had a genuine star on their hands. With this success under her belt, she began pushing for stronger and more meaningful roles. In 1935, she received her first Oscar for her role in Dangerous (1935) as Joyce Heath. [PAR] In 1936, she was suspended without pay for turning down a role that she deemed unworthy of her talent. She went to England, where she had planned to make movies, but was stopped by Warner Bros. because she was still under contract to them. They did not want her to work anywhere. Although she sued to get out of her contract, she lost. Still, they began to take her more seriously after that. [PAR] Returning after losing her lawsuit, her roles improved dramatically. In 1938, Bette received a second Academy Award nomination for her work in Jezebel (1938) opposite the soon-to-be-legendary Henry Fonda . The only role she didn't get that she wanted was Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939). Warners wouldn't loan her to David O. Selznick unless he hired Errol Flynn to play Rhett Butler, which both Selznick and Davis thought was a terrible choice. It was rumored she had numerous affairs, among them George Brent and William Wyler , and she was married four times, three of which ended in divorce. She admitted her career always"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Memorable Moments: Sonja Henie - Fact Monster Winter Olympics Memorable Moments: Sonja Henie [PAR] More Memorable Moments [PAR] Norwegian Sonja Henie won her first gold medal at the 1928 Olympics and at the next three Olympics no female figure skater could compete with her. Her routine and style set the new standard for the sport. . At 15 years, 10 months, Henie was the youngest woman ever to win a gold medal. She held that title for 70 years, until American figure skater Tara Lipinski , two months younger than Henie, won gold at the 1998 Nagano Games . [PAR] After the 1928 Games Henie went on to successfully defend her gold medal at the 1932 Winter Games and the 1936 Winter Games . [PAR] Ambitious as ever, Henie aimed to take her skating career in a new direction\u2014Hollywood. She said she wanted to do what Fred Astaire was doing in the movies, only on skates. [PAR] She turned professional after the 1936 Games and by the end of the year saw the release of her first movie, One in a Million. [PAR] That film was the first of a dozen films Henie would star in over the next two decades. She also began to gain fame by starring in a wildly popular traveling ice-skating show. Her Hollywood Ice Review was a spectacle of costumes, music, and skating that toured the world until the early 1950s. [PAR] She died of complications from leukemia in 1969. [PAR] Today, more than three-quarters of a century after her Olympic debut, Henie's accomplishments have retained their luster. No woman figure skater since has won three straight gold medals , and only one ( Katarina Witt in 1984 and 1988) has ever successfully defended her title.[DOC] [TLE] Sonja Henie Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports ... Sonja Henie Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Related Olympians: Cousin of Marit Henie . [PAR] Medals: 3 Gold (3 Total) [PAR] Biography [PAR] Sonja Henie was the first superstar of women\u2019s figure skating, winning three Olympic gold medals in 1928, 1932, and 1936. She made her Olympic d\u00e9but in 1924 when only an 11-year-old. She finished last in a field of eight but improved to fifth a few weeks later at the 1924 World Championship. Henie finished second at the 1926 World Championships to Austria's [Herma Plank-Szabo], but she then won the championship for the next ten years consecutively. She did more to popularize figure skating than any other individual. Henie turned professional in 1936 and soon amassed a fortune. Her flair for showmanship ensured the success of the ten feature films she made in Hollywood and accelerated the public awareness of ice skating as a sport. She toured the world with spectacular ice reviews achieving great popularity, particularly in the USA. She was initially idolized in her native Norway, but had some image problems after World War II when she was perceived to be a Nazi sympathizer who failed to support war relief efforts in Norway. Henie married three times, all to very wealthy men, and her own earnings from ice shows made her one of the richest athletes ever. She later suffered from leukemia and died during a flight from Paris to Oslo where she was flying to visit a specialist. [PAR] Results"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Institute on Aging | The Leader in Aging Research National Institute on Aging | The Leader in Aging Research [PAR] 100 years ago... [PAR] Diciembre 1, 2006 [PAR] The year 2006 marked the 100th anniversary of Dr. Alois Alzheimer\u2019s presentation of a case study of a 51-year-old German woman, Auguste D., who had been admitted to a hospital in 1901 with an unusual cluster of symptoms. Those symptoms included reduced comprehension and memory, aphasia, disorientation, unpredictable behavior, paranoia, auditory hallucinations, and pronounced psychosocial impairment. When Dr. Alzheimer first observed her in 1903, Auguste D. was bedridden, incontinent, and was becoming increasingly disoriented, delusional, and incoherent. She eventually required assistance to be fed, was unable to speak, and was often hostile. Hospital staff tried to keep her as safe and comfortable as possible, but little else could be done to treat her illness, and she died on April 8, 1906. [PAR] Dr. Alzheimer used the latest medical techniques and innovations, including a new silver tissue-staining method and greatly improved microscopes, to conduct the post mortem study of Auguste D.\u2019s brain tissue. No stranger to the fields of pathology and psychiatry, Dr. Alzheimer was involved in a wide range of clinical studies of manic depression and schizophrenia. He worked at the Royal Psychiatric Clinic in Munich, Germany, for Dr. Emil Kraepelin, a leading psychiatrist. Dr. Kraepelin believed that most mental illnesses were actually organic brain diseases, as opposed to his rival, Dr. Sigmund Freud, who maintained that most mental illnesses were psychoses of the mind. Dr. Kraepelin\u2019s Handbook of Psychiatry, was the first systematic classification of mental diseases. [PAR] The first \u201cAlzheimer\u2019s\u201d case was presented at a meeting of the South-West German Society of Alienists (\u201calienists\u201d were superintendents of early \u201cinsane asylums\u201d and were usually psychiatrists) on November 3, 1906. Dr. Alzheimer\u2019s paper, \u201cRegarding a Curious Disease of the Cortex,\u201d described numerous globs of sticky proteins in the spaces between neuron cells and \u201ca tangled bundle of fibrils\u201d within cells throughout the cortex. [PAR] These sticky proteins (plaques) and fibrils (tangles) had previously been seen only in the brains of much older patients diagnosed with \u201csenile dementia.\u201d At age 51, Auguste D. was thought to be far too young to be suffering from senile dementia, and Dr. Alzheimer\u2019s \u201cnew\u201d disease was initially classified as \u201cpresenile dementia.\u201d Because of her age, clinicians did not consider the possibility that the plaques and tangles Dr. Alzheimer described could also be the cause of dementia in old age, thus the characterization as presenile dementia. [PAR] Dr. Alzheimer and his colleagues studied the histology of 5 cases with similar brain pathologies during the first decade of the new century. Although other researchers had linked the presence of plaques to symptoms of dementia seen in older people, it was Dr. Alzheimer who first observed both plaques and tangles in a younger patient. [PAR] It was not until 1910 that the term \u201cAlzheimer\u2019s disease\u201d was coined by Dr. Kraepelin in his 8th edition of the Handbook of Psychiatry. He stated that \u201ca particular group of cases with extremely serious cell alterations was described by Alzheimer\u2026the plaques were excessively numerous and almost one-third of the cortical cells had died off. In their places, were peculiar, deeply stained bundles of neurofibrils.\u201d He mentioned \u201cAlzheimer\u2019s disease\u201d for the first time, stating, \u201cThe clinical interpretation of this Alzheimer\u2019s disease is still unclear. Although the anatomical findings suggest that we are dealing with a particularly serious form of senile dementia, the fact is that this disease sometimes starts as early as in the late forties.\u201d [PAR] In 1912, Dr. Alzheimer accepted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ... Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09, Horoscope, Astrological Portrait, Dominant Planets, Birth Data, Biography [PAR] 1st Fire sign - 1st Cardinal sign (spring equinox) - Masculine [PAR] In analogy with Mars, his ruler, and the 1st House [PAR] Aries governs the head. [PAR] His colour is red, his stone is the heliotrope, his day is Tuesday, and his professions are businessman, policeman, sportsman, surgeon... [PAR] If your sign is Aries or your Ascendant is Aries: you are courageous, frank, enthusiastic, dynamic, fast, bold, expansive, warm, impulsive, adventurous, intrepid, warlike, competitive, but also naive, domineering, self-centred, impatient, rash, thoughtless, blundering, childish, quick-tempered, daring or primitive. [PAR] Some traditional associations with Aries: Countries: England, France, Germany, Denmark. Cities: Marseille, Florence, Naples, Birmingham, Wroclaw, Leicester, Capua, Verona. Animals: Rams and sheeps. Food: Leeks, hops, onions, shallots, spices. Herbs and aromatics: mustard, capers, Cayenne pepper, chilli peppers. Flowers and plants: thistles, mint, bryonies, honeysuckles. Trees: hawthorns, thorny trees and bushes. Stones, Metals and Salts: diamonds, iron, potassium phosphate. [PAR] Signs: Taurus [PAR] 1st Earth sign - 1st Fixed sign - Feminine [PAR] In analogy with Venus, his ruler, and the 2nd House [PAR] Taurus governs the neck and the throat. [PAR] Her colour is green or brown, her stone is the emerald, her day is Friday, her professions are cook, artist, estate agent, banker, singer... [PAR] If your sign is Taurus or your Ascendant is Taurus: you are faithful, constant, sturdy, patient, tough, persevering, strong, focused, sensual, stable, concrete, realistic, steady, loyal, robust, constructive, tenacious. You need security, but you are also stubborn, rigid, possessive, spiteful, materialistic, fixed or slow. [PAR] Some traditional associations with Taurus: Countries: Switzerland, Greek islands, Ireland, Cyprus, Iran. Cities: Dublin, Palermo, Parma, Luzern, Mantua, Leipzig, Saint Louis, Ischia, Capri. Animals: bovines. Food: apples, pears, berries, corn and other cereals, grapes, artichokes, asparagus, beans. Herbs and aromatics: sorrels, spearmint, cloves. Flowers and plants: poppies, roses, digitales, violets, primroses, aquilegia, daisies. Trees: apple trees, pear trees, fig-trees, cypresses, ash trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: copper, calcium and potassium sulphate, emeralds. [PAR] Signs: Gemini [PAR] 1st Air sign - 1st Mutable sign - Masculine [PAR] In analogy with Mercury, his ruler, and the 3rd House [PAR] Gemini governs the arms, the lungs and the thorax. [PAR] His colour is green or silver, his stone is the crystal, his day is Wednesday, his professions are journalist, lawyer, presenter, dancer, salesman, travel agent, teacher... [PAR] If your sign is Gemini or if your Ascendant is Gemini: you are expressive, lively, adaptable, quick-witted, humorous, sparkling, playful, sociable, clever, curious, whimsical, independent, polyvalent, brainy, flexible, ingenious, imaginative, charming, fanciful but also capricious, scattered, moody, shallow, inquisitive, opportunistic, unconcerned, selfish, fragile, ironical or changeable. [PAR] Some traditional associations with Gemini: Countries: Belgium, Wales, United-States, Lower Egypt, Sardinia, Armenia. Cities: London, Plymouth, Cardiff, Melbourne, San Francisco, Nuremberg, Bruges, Versailles. Animals: monkeys, butterflies, parrots, budgerigars. Food: dried fruits, chestnuts, ground-level vegetables: peas, broad beans, etc. Herbs and aromatics: aniseed, marjoram, lemon balm, cumin. Flowers and plants: lilies of the valley, lavenders, myrtle, ferns, Venus-hair-ferns, bittersweets. Trees: nut trees such as chestnut trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: agates, mercury, silicas and potashes. [PAR] Signs: Cancer [PAR] 1st Water sign - 2nd Cardinal sign (summer solstice) - Feminine [PAR] In analogy with the Moon, her ruler, and the 4th House [PAR] Cancer governs the stomach and the breast. [PAR] Her colour is white or black, her stone is the moonstone, her day is Monday, her professions are catering, the hotel trade, property, antique dealer, archaeologist... [PAR] If your sign is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl XXV Game Recap - NFL.com Super Bowl XXV Game Recap [PAR] New York 20, Buffalo 19 [PAR] SuperBowl.com wire reports [PAR] Scott Norwood's potential game-winning field goal attempt sailed wide right. (AP) [PAR] The NFC champion New York Giants won their second Super Bowl in five years with a 20-19 victory over AFC titlist Buffalo. [PAR] New York, employing its ball-control offense, had possession for 40 minutes, 33 seconds, a Super Bowl record. The Bills, who scored 95 points in their previous two playoff games leading to Super Bowl XXV, had the ball for less than eight minutes in the second half and just 19:27 for the game. [PAR] Fourteen of New York's 73 plays came on its initial drive of the third quarter, which covered 75 yards and consumed a Super Bowl-record 9:29 before running back Ottis Anderson ran one yard for a touchdown. [PAR] Giants quarterback Jeff Hostetler kept the long drive going by converting three third-down plays \u2013 an 11-yard pass to running back David Meggett on third-and-eight, a 14-yard toss to wide receiver Mark Ingram on third-and-13, and a 9-yard pass to Howard Cross on third-and-four-to give New York a 17-12 lead in the third quarter. [PAR] Buffalo jumped to a 12-3 lead midway through the second quarter before Hostetler completed a 14-yard scoring strike to wide receiver Stephen Baker to close the score to 12-10 at halftime. [PAR] Buffalo's Thurman Thomas ran 31 yards for a touchdown on the opening play of the fourth quarter to help Buffalo recapture the lead 19-17. Matt Bahr's 21-yard field goal gave the Giants a 20-19 lead, but Buffalo's Scott Norwood had a chance to win the game with seconds remaining before his 47-yard field-goal attempt sailed wide right. [PAR] Hostetler completed 20 of 32 passes for 222 yards and one touchdown. Anderson rushed 21 times for 102 yards and a touchdown to capture most-valuable-player honors. [PAR] Thomas totaled 190 scrimmage yards, rushing 15 times for 135 yards and catching five passes for 55 yards. [PAR] Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Mueller Municipal Airport - citiCite Mueller Community - Wiki Pages [PAR] Wiki Pages [PAR] You are NOT logged in. [PAR] Robert Mueller Municipal Airport [PAR] The following Wiki page content has been contributed by citiCite users. [PAR] Pages Navigation [PAR] Revision History [PAR] The Robert Mueller Municipal Airport was located just a few miles northeast of downtown Austin, Texas and served as the city's only commercial airport from 1936 until 1999. After closing its doors, it was eventually designated to be a planned urban development for the city of Austin. Groundbreaking for the new Mueller Community began in 2007. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 3 RMMA Closes [PAR] Before Mueller [PAR] The event credited for beginning aviation in Austin was a stop on Cal Rodger's (Calbraith Perry Rodgers) famous flight of the \"Vin Fiz\". As part of a promotional type event for the Ridgetop subdivision just north of Hyde Park, Rodgers landed in an open field on October 20th, 1911. The actual location of his landing was somewhere between 45th and 51st streets, and Duval and Red River. This was one of his 23 planned stops around the state of Texas before continuing west on the transcontinental flight towards the Pacific. The spectacle was observed by three or four dozen local Austin residents. [PAR] Although some aviation continued in Austin, it was just prior to the 1920s that the United States Army began practicing taking off and landing biplanes on a small dirt strip known as Penn Field. Penn Field was located just south of St. Edward's University around what is today the intersection of South Congress and Alpine Road and marks what was the first officially sanctioned landing field in Austin. [PAR] Incidentally the name of the airstrip, Penn Field, was selected to honor the first central Texas pilot to lose his life in World War I as a result of aerial combat. [PAR] Planning for Mueller [PAR] Although Rodgers touched down in 1911 and Penn Field was in use, it would still be 25 years before Austin would first open the doors to commercial traffic. [PAR] In the late 1920's, the Austin City Council petitioned the Army Corps at Kelly Field in San Antonio to send a pilot over the Austin city limits. His job was to find and select the most suitable site for a municipal airport. The Army sent Lt. Claire Chennault, later to become the famous General Chennault of the World War II \u201cFlying Tigers,\u201d who recommended the Matthews farm tract located four miles northeast of downtown Austin (on what is today the Mueller Community). [PAR] In 1928 the voting populous of Austin approved bonds for building an municipal airport. The Robert Mueller Municipal Airport would be the first in Austin and was named after city council member Robert Mueller. Mueller died in January of 1927 while still serving the City of Austin, and sadly just a few short months after he was elected to office. The Austin American (the newspaper at the time) wrote the following about Mueller: [PAR] \"...it was helping his city which has probably hastened his death, for on that night, according to members of the city council, he told them he was ill about 10 o'clock, and they asked him to stay a little while longer for the budget was almost planned and they needed his guidance. He remained, and every little while he would remark he was sick, but finally, with plans nearly completed, he went home at 11:30 o'clock.\" [PAR] The Robert Mueller airport was officially dedicated on October 14, 1930 although it wouldn't open for commercial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harvard's Black Admissions | News | The Harvard Crimson Harvard's Black Admissions | News | The Harvard Crimson [PAR] Harvard's Black Admissions [PAR] By Keith Butler , [PAR] September 1, 1974 [PAR] IN 1968, just after Martin Luther King was assassinated, Harvard and other white universities agreed to make concerted efforts to increase their schools' black student enrollments. The plan was to admit more blacks until the percentage of each race within the student body mirrored the distribution of races in the country as a whole. Consequently, the number of black students admitted increased over 100 per cent from 1968 to 1969. [PAR] One hundred of the 1250 freshmen enrolled in 1969 were black. Though the ratio fell short of the 12 per cent figure representing the blacks' share of the national population, those who pushed for increased black enrollment were pleased by Harvard's apparent effort. [PAR] For three years, 1969 to 1971, the number of blacks enrolled in Harvard's freshmen class hovered near the 100 mark. In 1972, the number dropped to 88 and then dropped to 77 in the present freshmen class. In the last two years the number of blacks enrolled at Harvard has decreased nearly 25 per cent. The University claims that the decline in the number of black enrollees was unplanned, but official explanations for the phenomenon are unconvincing. [PAR] Admissions officers have cited two reasons for the 25 per cent decline in black enrollment. First, teacher strikes in major Eastern urban centers interfered with recruiting. Second, black undergraduates now are less enthusiastic about recruiting new blacks than they have been in the past years. [PAR] The first explanation is faulty because Philadelphia was the only Eastern urban center plagued by teacher strikes in 1972-1973 and very few Harvard blacks prep in Philadelphia's public schools. The second explanation is difficult to attack statistically, but the perverse logic behind it is evident. [PAR] Claims by admissions officers that black undergraduates were insufficiently enthusiastic about recruiting suggest that black students are ultimately responsible for duties which other students can leave up to the admissions office. While every student should contribute something to recruiting, ultimate responsibility for the composition of a new class lies with the admissions office. When an important component of the student body drops 25 per cent in size the University, not undergraduates, is to be blamed. Ironically, admissions had engineered a 100 per cent increase in the number of black enrollees when there were very few black undergraduates around to lend assistance with recruiting. [PAR] SUCH SIGNIFICANT declines in enrollment probably do not occur without some type of change in admissions practices. At present, black students are more vulnerable to policy changes than any other group. As new members of the Harvard student community, blacks do not have an alumni or faculty power base to deal with admissions policy. WASPs and Jews have either one or both of these two powerful supports in their corner. As ethnic groups jockey for more slots in the College, places that belong to black students are least secure. [PAR] Now that student activism has passed, black students have lost their only means of influencing Harvard admissions policy. Blacks are going to have to come to grips with their powerlessness in both alumni and faculty quarters. While it is not blacks's exclusive responsibility to go out and recruit, it is incumbent upon them to reinitiate an active vigil over Harvard admissions. If black students neglect this responsibility there is nobody else to carry it out for them. [PAR] Martin Luther King's assassination stirred both intellectual and emotional"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Krak\u00f3w-J. Paul II Balice International Airport profile ... Krak\ufffdw-J. Paul II Balice International Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network [PAR] Poland IATA code:KRK ICAO code: EPKK Elevation: 791 feet / 241 m Notams: Notams for EPKK Airport history: [PAR] Krak\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdw Airport [PAR] Krak\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdw-J. Paul II Balice International Airport [PAR] Commercial flights (passengers and cargo) per year: [PAR] year"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heinz | Heinz Story Heinz | Heinz Story [PAR] Heinz Story [PAR] open menu [PAR] Heinz Story [PAR] The story of how Heinz came to be one of the world's best loved brands began over 140 years ago. Take a trip back with us, and find out how Henry J Heinz ensured his name would become associated with quality, variety and good taste by food lovers everywhere. [PAR] 1869 [PAR] In the beginning [PAR] Two young American businessmen, Henry J Heinz and L Clarence Noble, launch Heinz & Noble. Their first product is Henry's 'pure and superior' grated horseradish, bottled in clear glass to show its purity. The horseradish is grown on a garden patch given to Henry by his parents. [PAR] 1876 [PAR] The world's first taste of ketchup [PAR] Henry sets up business with two of his relations, launching F & J Heinz Company, with Henry as manager. In the US, they launch Heinz Tomato Ketchup followed by a launch in the UK in 1886. [PAR] 1886 [PAR] 'I think Mr Heinz, we will take the lot' [PAR] Henry sells his first products \u00ad 'seven varieties of our finest and newest goods' \u00ad to London's famous Fortnum & Mason food store. [PAR] 1896 [PAR] An historic train journey [PAR] Riding the New York railway he saw a poster for a shoe company advertising its 21 styles of shoe. He is taken with the ad and totting up the number of products that his company produced, settles on 57 - although there were more, even then! On that journey Heinz 57 Varieties was born. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Heinz Cream of Tomato Soup was imported into the UK. [PAR] 1920s [PAR] UK production starts [PAR] Heinz is still exporting Baked Beans, Spaghetti and Tomato Ketchup to the UK from America and Canada. When production expands to the UK, 10,000 tonnes are produced here in the first year. [PAR] 1930s [PAR] You gotta talk the talk [PAR] Heinz salesmen are expected to be at least 6ft tall, impeccably dressed and particularly eloquent at promoting Heinz products. Their equipment \u00ad including chrome vacuum flasks, pickle forks and olive spears \u00adweighs about 30lbs! [PAR] 1931 [PAR] Hard times, good food [PAR] Howard Heinz, Henry's son, fights the big Depression by adding ready-to-serve soups and baby food to the Heinz range. Feeding families looking for value, taste and quality, they become top sellers [PAR] 1940s [PAR] What, no ketchup? [PAR] Because of the war, ingredients are in short supply. Heinz Tomato Ketchup does not appear on shelves in the UK from 1939 until 1948. What on earth did they do without it? Eat more Heinz Salad Cream, that's what. [PAR] 1944 [PAR] Beans for victory! [PAR] Because of its major contribution to wartime food production, our Harlesden factory is bombed at least twice. Production carries on regardless as Heinz is so vital to maintaining food resources. [PAR] 1951 [PAR] A right Royal result [PAR] The Royal Warrant is granted, and in 1954 granted again as Purveyors of Heinz Products to HM Queen Elizabeth II. [PAR] 1955 [PAR] Heinz goes on air for the first time [PAR] 'Heinz 57' varieties are advertised on the new ITV channel. Colour posters were also produced. The jingle went: 'Heinz 57, Heinz 57. You've a family to feed. Heinz have everything you need. Ready when you are, yes indeed. That's Heinz 57! [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Wigan goes bean bonkers [PAR] Heinz opens a Beans factory in Wigan on 21 May 1959. It uses 1,000 tonnes of dry beans every week. That's a lot of beans. [PAR] 1961"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convention Between the US And Panama (Panama Canal), 1903 Internet History Sourcebooks [PAR] Modern History Sourcebook: [PAR] Convention Between the US And Panama (Panama Canal), 1903 [PAR] When Colombia refused to allow the United States to build a canal across the Panama isthmus, in 1903, the US intervened to dissect Panama from the rest of Columbia, set up the Republic of Panama, and established the following convention.For the Construction of a Ship Canal to Connect the Waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Signed at Washington, November 18, 1903. [PAR] Ratification advised by the Senate, February 23, 1904. [PAR] Ratified by the President, February 25, 1904. [PAR] Ratified by Panama, December 2, 1903. [PAR] Ratifications exchanged at Washington, February 26, 1904. [PAR] Proclaimed, February 26, 1904. [PAR] By the President of the United States of America.A ProclamationWhereas, a Convention between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama to insure the construction of a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, was concluded and signed by their respective Plenipotentiaries at Washington, on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand nine hundred and three, the original of which Convention, being in the English language, is word for word as follows:Isthmian Canal ConventionThe United States of America and the Republic of Panama being desirous to insure the construction of a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and the Congress of the United States of America having passed an act approved June 28, 1902, in furtherance of that object, by which the President of the United States is authorized to acquire within a reasonable time the control of the necessary territory of the Republic of Colombia, and the sovereignty of such territory being actually vested in the Republic of Panama, the high contracting parties have resolved for that purpose to conclude a convention and have accordingly appointed as their plenipotentiaries, The President of the United States of America, John Hay, Secretary of State, andThe Government of the Republic of Panama, Philippe Bunau - Varilla, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Panama, thereunto specially empowered by said government, who after communicating with each other their respective full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:Article IThe United States guarantees and will maintain the independence of the Republic of Panama.Article IIThe Republic of Panama grants to the United States in perpetuity, the use, occupation and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of said Canal of the width of ten miles extending to the distance of five miles on each side of the center line of the route of the Canal to be constructed; the said zone beginning in the Caribbean Sea three marine miles from mean low water mark and extending to and across the Isthmus of Panama into the Pacific Ocean to a distance of three marine miles from mean low water mark with the proviso that the cities of Panama and Colon and the harbors adjacent to said cities, which are included within the boundaries of the zone above described, shall not be included within this grant. The Republic of Panama further grants to the United States in perpetuity, the use, occupation and control of any other lands and waters outside of the zone above described which may be necessary and convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the said Canal or of any auxiliary canals or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Reagan | whitehouse.gov Ronald Reagan | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Ronald Reagan, originally an American actor and politician, became the 40th President of the United States serving from 1981 to 1989. His term saw a restoration of prosperity at home, with the goal of achieving \"peace through strength\" abroad. [PAR] At the end of his two terms in office, Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution, which aimed to reinvigorate the American people and reduce their reliance upon Government. He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore \"the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism.\" [PAR] On February 6, 1911, Ronald Wilson Reagan was born to Nelle and John Reagan in Tampico, Illinois. He attended high school in nearby Dixon and then worked his way through Eureka College. There, he studied economics and sociology, played on the football team, and acted in school plays. Upon graduation, he became a radio sports announcer. A screen test in 1937 won him a contract in Hollywood. During the next two decades he appeared in 53 films. [PAR] From his first marriage to actress Jane Wyman, he had two children, Maureen and Michael. Maureen passed away in 2001. In 1952 he married Nancy Davis, who was also an actress, and they had two children, Patricia Ann and Ronald Prescott. [PAR] As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan became embroiled in disputes over the issue of Communism in the film industry; his political views shifted from liberal to conservative. He toured the country as a television host, becoming a spokesman for conservatism. In 1966 he was elected Governor of California by a margin of a million votes; he was re-elected in 1970. [PAR] Ronald Reagan won the Republican Presidential nomination in 1980 and chose as his running mate former Texas Congressman and United Nations Ambassador George Bush. Voters troubled by inflation and by the year-long confinement of Americans in Iran swept the Republican ticket into office. Reagan won 489 electoral votes to 49 for President Jimmy Carter. [PAR] On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be assassin, but quickly recovered and returned to duty. His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar. [PAR] Dealing skillfully with Congress, Reagan obtained legislation to stimulate economic growth, curb inflation, increase employment, and strengthen national defense. He embarked upon a course of cutting taxes and Government expenditures, refusing to deviate from it when the strengthening of defense forces led to a large deficit. [PAR] A renewal of national self-confidence by 1984 helped Reagan and Bush win a second term with an unprecedented number of electoral votes. Their victory turned away Democratic challengers Walter F. Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro. [PAR] In 1986 Reagan obtained an overhaul of the income tax code, which eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. At the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without recession or depression. [PAR] In foreign policy, Reagan sought to achieve \"peace through strength.\" During his two terms he increased defense spending 35 percent, but sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union. In dramatic meetings with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, he negotiated a treaty that would eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles. Reagan declared war against international terrorism, sending American bombers against Libya after evidence came out that Libya was involved in an attack on American soldiers in a West Berlin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art [PAR] This object is currently on view. [PAR] Description [PAR] A high horizon line running along the exaggerated width of the composition paradoxically creates simultaneous feelings of expansion and compression in this depiction of an eastern Iowa landscape. The primary subject of Spring Turning, 1936, an oil painting on Masonite panel, is the remembered landscape of Grant Wood\u2019s childhood in Anamosa, Iowa. There is no visual evidence of twentieth century progress in this setting\u2014no automobiles, farm machinery, paved roads, or electric wires. Wood scholar Wanda Corn describes it as \u201cman liv(ing) in complete harmony with nature; he is the earth\u2019s caretaker, coaxing her into abundance, bringing coherence and beauty to her surfaces\u201d (see Wanda Corn, Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983, 90). The painting was first exhibited at the Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh in 1936 and on February 8, 1937 was featured in a full-color two-page spread in Life magazine (see Erika Doss, Benton, Pollock and the Politics of Modernism, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 175). [PAR] The landscape shown has been segmented into fields for cultivation. The composition encompasses four fields, side by side in pairs and receding at a diagonal away from the picture plane. Their geometric demarcation is man-made, indicated by the plowed furrows that are being turned under in preparation for planting, the rusty red-orange furrows highlighted against the velvety green growth. Each field is surrounded by posthole fences. One can see the fence posts but not the strung wires, thus reinforcing the repetition of the posts as hemmed stitches on a vast quilt. The left of the rear fields has been completely plowed, while the other three are in the process of being plowed. The tiny form of a farmer works the square from the outside to its center. There is a hint of one work-team silhouetted against the sky. The foreground field is being worked by a farmer and team of draft horses, while the mid-ground field is being worked by a farmer driving a team of oxen. In the bottom right third of the composition, a small bridge crosses a shaded stream. At the far end of the recessional diagonal created by the contour of the foreground hill is a single tree casting a shadow, as if in response to the distant pink-flowering tree back by the foot bridge. Along the left edge of the composition, tucked into the far side of a hill, a farmhouse is partly visible, along with grazing cattle in the adjoining field. Slightly above and to the right, barely visible against the sky on the farthest hill, is yet another work team, while the next hill over is topped by a very tiny weathervane against the sky. The bright blue sky is scattered with clouds, but rather than appear rounded these clouds seem to square themselves up parallel to the fields below them. The overall dominance of geometric forms in this landscape and an almost deliberate minimization of pattern and decoration may be traced to Wood\u2019s studies under Ernest Batchelder. Specifically, critic James Dennis says that Batchelder would have been familiar with the art teachings of Arthur Wesley Dow, whose art manual Composition was first published in 1899 and was reissued several times through the 1940s. A quote of Dow\u2019s seems especially applicable to Spring Turning: \u201cTake any landscape that has some good elements in it, reduce it to a few main lines, and strive to present it in the most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Airline of Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia The Airline of Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia [PAR] Check In [PAR] Terms & Conditions Web Check-In [PAR] <Important> Each booking is only allowed one Online Check-in. If there is more than one passenger on a booking, all passengers must check-in all at once, otherwise the remaining passenger(s) will not be able to do Online Check-in and it can only be done at the airport. [PAR] Online Check-in service is available from 24 hours to 4 hours before departure; for domestic flights departing from Jakarta (CGK), the online check-in is available from 24 hours to 2 hours before departure. [PAR] Online Check-in is not available for the following passengers: [PAR] Passengers without e-ticket [PAR] Infants under 2 years old who are not occupying a seat. [PAR] Passengers who need special assistance at the airport, such as pregnant passengers, children younger than 12 years old who travel alone, Unaccompanied Minor (UM), the passengers that require wheelchair, stretcher case, or any other special handlings at the airport. [PAR] Group bookings (more than 9 persons) [PAR] The system will automatically assign you a seat, but you can change it by accessing the preferred seat option in our Online Check-in function. [PAR] For international flights, please show your Online Boarding Passes (both PDF and QR barcode boarding pass) to the Airport Check-in Counter before boarding. [PAR] For international flights, please make sure that your passport is valid up to at least 6 months from the travel date and secure other valid travel documents such as any visa documents required for the trip. Present them to the Airport Check-in Counter before boarding. [PAR] Boarding gate number and seat number may change without prior notice for the following reasons: the circumstances at the airport on the day of the flight or a change of aircraft. You may check boarding gate updates on the airport information display system at the airport. [PAR] If you fail to complete the Online Check-in procedure due to technical problems such as printer or system error, please refer to the instructions on the page and complete the boarding procedure at the Airport Check-in Counter. [PAR] [PAR] Information: [PAR] To use Online Check-in, please use your e-ticket with confirmed reservation. [PAR] For prompt customs and immigration procedures, please bring your passport and fill in your passport information during Online Check-in. [PAR] Passengers with connecting flights can check-in sequentially. [PAR] Please arrive early for quarantine and security checks. Please complete the check-in procedure at the Airport Check-in Counter at least 60 minutes before departure for domestic flights, and 90 minutes before departure for international flights. [PAR] Carry-on baggage should be limited to one piece, must not weigh more than 7 kg (for both Economy and Business Class), with maximum size: 56 cm length, 23 cm width, and 36 cm height (for CRJ and ATR Aircraft type maximum size is 41 cm length, 17 cm width, and 34 cm height). [PAR] Make sure that you are not carrying any valuable items in your checked baggage [PAR] For the safety and security of our passengers, crew, and the aircraft, please make sure that you are not carrying any dangerous items in your carry-on and checked baggage. Please click here for baggage restrictions information details [PAR] Please make sure that you pack your own baggage or supervise the person who does it for you. [PAR] The Airport Check-in Counter will be closed 45 minutes prior to departure for international flights and 30 minutes prior to departure for domestic flights. [PAR] For flights departing from Terminal 3 Soekarno-Hatta International Airport,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Idaho Geography from NETSTATE Idaho Geography from NETSTATE [PAR] Idaho base and elevation maps [PAR] Length x Width Idaho is 479 miles long and 305 miles wide. Geographic Center [PAR] Explanation The geographic center of Idaho is located in Custer County, on the Yankee Fork River, southwest of Challis. [PAR] Longitude: 114\u00b0 57.4'W [PAR] Latitude: 44\u00b0 15.4'N Borders In the north, Idaho shares an international border with Canada. In the south, Idaho borders Nevada and Utah . Idaho is bordered by Montana and Wyoming on the east and by Washington and Oregon on the west. Total Area Idaho covers 83,574 square miles, making it the 14th largest of the 50 states . Land Area 82,751 square miles of Idaho are land areas. Water Area 823 square miles of Idaho are covered by water. Highest Point The highest point in Idaho is Borah Peak at 12,662 feet above sea level. Lowest Point The lowest point in Idaho is only 710 feet above sea level; the Snake River in the northwestern part of the state near Lewiston. Mean Elevation The Mean Elevation of the state of Idaho is 5,000 feet above sea level. Major Rivers Coeur d'Alene River, Snake River , St. Joe River, St. Maries River, Kootenai River Major Lakes Lake Pend Oreille, American Falls Reservoir, Bear Lake, Coeur d'Alene Lake [PAR] Courtesy: Access Idaho [PAR] Click for larger image. [PAR] With 80 recognized mountain ranges, Idaho is home to some of the most spectacular scenery and most rugged landscapes in the United States. Dominated by the Rocky Mountains, Idaho's Shoshone Falls on the Snake River, drops 212 feet making it higher than Niagara Falls . Hells Canyon , also on the Snake River, is a gorge that is deeper than the Grand Canyon. More about Shoshone Falls . [PAR] Idaho can be divided into three major land regions geographically; the Rocky Mountains, the Columbia Plateau and the Basin and Ridge Region. [PAR] Rocky Mountains: The Rocky Mountains area is the state's largest area and extends from the Idaho Panhandle (That's the narrow strip of Idaho that runs between Washington and Montana and borders Canada.) south and along the Wyoming border. The Rocky Mountains area is characterized by steep gorges, deep canyons and swift streams and rivers. Idaho has 50 mountain peaks that climb into the sky over 10,000 feet. Borah Peak , Idaho's highest point rises 12,662 feet above sea level. [PAR] The Bitterroot Mountain Range lies along the Montana border in the Idaho Panhandle. The Continental Divide passes through Idaho in the Bitterroots. Visit the Bitterroot National Forest . [PAR] The Coeur d'Alene Mountains in the northern Panhandle lie to the west of the Bitterroot Mountain Range. This triangular area of mountains stretches from Lake Pend Orielle in the north to Coeur d'Alene Lake in the south. The highest peak in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains is Grizzly Mountain at 5, 950 feet. [PAR] South of the Coeur d'Alene Mountains are the Clearwater Mountains and south of the Clearwater Mountains are the Salmon River Mountains. The Bighorn Crags , bare granite worn into sharp ridges and spires, are found in the Salmon River Mountains. This mountain range is almost completely circled by the Salmon River. [PAR] South of the Salmon River Mountains are the impressive Sawtooth Mountains ; an extremely rugged series of granite peaks and beautiful meadows and alpine lakes. 33 mountains in this range exceed 10,000 feet above sea level. [PAR] The Seven Devils Mountains rise along Idaho's border with Oregon in the west. To the west of the Seven Devils Mountains , lies the Snake"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sarah Vaughan | Biography & History | AllMusic Sarah Vaughan | Biography & History | AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] Artist Biography by Scott Yanow [PAR] Possessor of one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century, Sarah Vaughan ranked with Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday in the very top echelon of female jazz singers. She often gave the impression that with her wide range, perfectly controlled vibrato, and wide expressive abilities, she could do anything she wanted with her voice. Although not all of her many recordings are essential (give Vaughan a weak song and she might strangle it to death), Sarah Vaughan 's legacy as a performer and a recording artist will be very difficult to match in the future. [PAR] Vaughan sang in church as a child and had extensive piano lessons from 1931-39; she developed into a capable keyboardist. After she won an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater, she was hired for the Earl Hines big band as a singer and second vocalist. Unfortunately, the musicians' recording strike kept her off record during this period (1943-44). When lifelong friend Billy Eckstine broke away to form his own orchestra, Vaughan joined him, making her recording debut. She loved being with Eckstine 's orchestra, where she became influenced by a couple of his sidemen, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie , both of whom had also been with Hines during her stint. Vaughan was one of the first singers to fully incorporate bop phrasing in her singing, and to have the vocal chops to pull it off on the level of a Parker and Gillespie . [PAR] Other than a few months with John Kirby from 1945-46, Sarah Vaughan spent the remainder of her career as a solo star. Although she looked a bit awkward in 1945 (her first husband George Treadwell would greatly assist her with her appearance), there was no denying her incredible voice. She made several early sessions for Continental: a December 31, 1944 date highlighted by her vocal version of \"A Night in Tunisia,\" which was called \"Interlude,\" and a May 25, 1945 session for that label that had Gillespie and Parker as sidemen. However, it was her 1946-48 selections for Musicraft (which included \"If You Could See Me Now,\" \"Tenderly\" and \"It's Magic\") that found her rapidly gaining maturity and adding bop-oriented phrasing to popular songs. Signed to Columbia where she recorded during 1949-53, \"Sassy\" continued to build on her popularity. Although some of those sessions were quite commercial, eight classic selections cut with Jimmy Jones ' band during May 18-19, 1950 (an octet including Miles Davis ) showed that she could sing jazz with the best. [PAR] During the 1950s, Vaughan recorded middle-of-the-road pop material with orchestras for Mercury, and jazz dates (including Sarah Vaughan , a memorable collaboration with Clifford Brown ) for the label's subsidiary, EmArcy. Later record label associations included Roulette (1960-64), back with Mercury (1963-67), and after a surprising four years off records, Mainstream (1971-74). Through the years, Vaughan 's voice deepened a bit, but never lost its power, flexibility or range. She was a masterful scat singer and was able to out-swing nearly everyone (except for Ella ). Vaughan was with Norman Granz 's Pablo label from 1977-82, and only during her last few years did her recording career falter a bit, with only two forgettable efforts after 1982. However, up until near the end, Vaughan remained a world traveler, singing and partying into all hours of the night with her miraculous voice staying in prime form. The majority of her recordings are currently available,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cagliari / Elmas Airport - Air Miles Calculator Cagliari / Elmas Airport [PAR] Search Airport: [PAR] Airport: Cagliari / Elmas Airport City: Cagliari Country: Italy [PAR] IATA Code: CAG ICAO Code: LIEE Coordinates: Latitude: 39\u00b015\u20325\u2033N, Longitude: 9\u00b03\u203215\u2033E Runways: Direction: 14/32, Length: 9196 x 148 ft, Elevation: 9 ft [PAR] Current local time: 21:50 CET (2017-01-18) Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +1.0 Daylight saving time: UTC/GMT +2.0 Sunrise: 07:40 Sunset: 17:27 Website: Cagliari / Elmas Airport Wikipedia link: Wikipedia - Cagliari / Elmas Airport [PAR] Location and map [PAR] Cagliari / Elmas Airport is located approximately 3,9 miles (6,3 km) southwest of Sestu and about 4,1 miles (6,6 km) southeast of Assemini.[DOC] [TLE] Car Rental Cagliari Airport - Book Online Now Car Rental Cagliari Airport - Book Online Now [PAR] * For more car rental locations, please use our online booking form above [PAR] Our suppliers at Cagliari Airport, Italy are located at the following addresses: [PAR] Aeroporto Elmas, Sala Arrivi, Cagliari, 09132, Italy [PAR] +39 070 212045 [PAR] Elmas Airport, Elmas (ca), 09034, Italy [PAR] +39 070 240126 [PAR] Desk in Rent a Car Area [PAR] +39 070 240101"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix [PAR] De Havilland Gipsy Moth Biplane G-AALG* [PAR] England - India [PAR] (*Originally owned by The Prince of Wales 5 Sep 29 - 4 Feb 33) 1934 [PAR] De Havilland Gipsy Moth Biplane G-AARB [PAR] England - Australia (women's record) 10,500 miles in 14 days 22 hours 30 minutes [PAR] 1935 [PAR] De Havilland Gipsy Moth G-AARB [PAR] Australia - England in 17 days 15 hours. First woman to make return flight. [PAR] Percival Gull Monoplane G-ADPR [PAR] England - Brazil: 5000 miles in 61 hours 15 minutes elapsed time. World record for any type of aeroplane. Also fastest crossing South Atlantic Ocean, 13 1/4 hours, and first woman to make England - South America flight. [PAR] 1936 [PAR] Percival Gull Monoplane G-ADPR [PAR] England - New Zealand. World record for any type. 14,224 miles in 11 days 45 minutes total elapsed time, including 21/2 days in Sydney. [PAR] Also first direct flight from England to Auckland. Also world record for fastest flight between Australia and New Zealand (101/2 hours). Established on same flight: England - Australia solo record, 10,500 miles in 5 days 21 hours total elapsed time. [PAR] 1937 [PAR] Percival Gull Monoplane G-ADPR [PAR] Australia - England solo record, 5 days 18 hours 15 minutes. First person to hold both England - Australia and Australia - England solo records at the same time. [PAR] The New Zealand Edge : Heroes : Speedsters : Jean Batten [PAR] http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/batten.html [PAR] New Zealand Speedsters - Jean Batten - Hine-o-te-Rangi (Daughter of the Skies) - She was the manifestation of triumph and hope through the dark days of the depression. In 1934 she smashed the world record between England and Australia by six days. In 1936 she made the first ever direct flight between England and New Zealand. Jean Batten stood for adventure, daring and exploration. ...more [PAR] Batten, Jean Gardner 1909-1982 Aviator [PAR] http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/dnzb/vol4/Batten.htm [PAR] One of the great international aviators of the 1930s, Jean Gardner Batten was born on 15 September 1909 in Rotorua, the only daughter of a dentist, Frederick Harold Batten, and his wife, Ellen (Nellie) Blackmore. She was christened Jane after her grandmother, but soon became known as Jean. ...more [PAR] Famous New Zealanders - Jean Batten's Principal Achievements [PAR] 1933 : England - India. De Havilland Gipsy Moth G-AALG [PAR] 1934 : England - Australia (women's record) 10,500 miles in 14 days 22 hours 30 minutes [PAR] 1935 : Australia - England in 17 days 15 hours. First woman to make return flight. De Havilland Gipsy Moth G-AARB [PAR] At right, Jean Batten at Croydon, England on April 29, 1935 after her solo flight from Australia to England [PAR] Jean Batten takes delivery of her new aircraft, a Percival Vega Gull at Gravesend Airport, September 1, 1935 [PAR] http://www.carjam.ic24.net/airport3.htm [PAR] 1935 : England - Brazil: 5000 miles in 61 hours 15 minutes elapsed time. World record for any type of aeroplane. Also fastest crossing South Atlantic Ocean, 13 1/4 hours, and first woman to make England - South America flight. Percival Vega Gull Monoplane G-ADPR [PAR] 1936 : England - New Zealand. World record for any type. 14,224 miles in 11 days 45 minutes total elapsed time, including 21/2 days in Sydney. Also first direct flight from England to Auckland. Also world record for fastest flight between Australia and New Zealand (101/2 hours). Established on same flight: England - Australia solo record, 10,500 miles in 5 days 21 hours total elapsed time. Percival Vega Gull Monoplane G-ADPR"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life [PAR] View articles featuring Margaret Thatcher [PAR] Margaret Thatcher Summary [PAR] Margaret Thatcher was Great Britain\u2019s first female prime minister, serving three consecutive terms in office 1979\u20131990. Her economic and social policies evolved into a political philosophy known as Thatcherism, similar to Reaganomics in the United States, and part of a world-wide neoliberal movement in the 1980s. She was dubbed the Iron Lady by a Soviet newspaper following a speech she gave in 1976\u2014a nickname that she proudly claimed. [PAR] Margaret Thatcher\u2019s Early Life [PAR] Margaret Hilda Roberts was born October 13, 1925, to Alfred and Beatrice Roberts in the market town of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. Her parents ran a grocery business and lived in an apartment above the shop. They were Methodists who were very involved in the local congregation, raising Margaret and her older sister Muriel in an atmosphere that emphasized self-help, charity, and personal truthfulness. Alfred Roberts was a local councilor in Grantham and a Conservative, and the family would often discuss current political issues. [PAR] Margaret attended a local state school and won a place at Somerville College, Oxford, where she studied chemistry from 1943 to 1947. She was elected president of the student Conservative Association at Oxford in 1946 and met many prominent politicians. Her final year, she studied x-ray crystallography with Dorothy Hodgkin, who won a Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1964. [PAR] After obtaining her degree, Margaret became a research chemist at BX Plastics near Colchester. She was still highly involved in politics, and in the 1950 and 1951 General Elections she ran as the Conservative candidate for Dartford. Although she lost both times, she received national publicity as the youngest female candidate in the country. She also met her husband, Denis Thatcher, in Dartford. He was a local businessman and oil industry executive. After their marriage, Thatcher was able to resign her position at BX Plastics and become a lawyer specializing in taxation. On August 15, 1953, she gave birth to twins Mark and Carol and six months later passed the bar exam. [PAR] Thatcher Elected To Parliament [PAR] In 1959, Thatcher was elected as Member of Parliament for Finchley. By 1961, she was given a junior office in the administration of Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister from January 1957 to October 1963. When the Conservatives were in Opposition from 1964-1970, Thatcher served continuously in various shadow cabinet positions and was appointed Education Secretary when Edward Heath became Prime Minister in 1970. The Heath government was elected on promises of economic revival that would be spurred by introducing more free market policies and taming the trade unions but became one of the most interventionist governments in British history. Thatcher herself faced a difficult job as Education Secretary at the height of student radicalism, with protesters disrupting her speeches, harsh criticism in the opposition press for not being liberal enough, and criticism from Conservatives for veering too far to the left. [PAR] Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher [PAR] When the Heath Government lost a second General Election in October 1974, Thatcher decided to run against Heath for the leadership of the Conservative Party and won in February 1975, becoming the first woman to lead a Western political party and to be Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. The economic difficulties experienced by the United Kingdom under the Labour government\u2014requiring credit from the International Monetary Fund in 1976 and causing extensive trade union strikes over pay demands in the winter of 1978\u20131979\u2014swung public opinion back to the favor of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henri Becquerel - Biographical - Nobel Prize Henri Becquerel - Biographical [PAR] Henri Becquerel [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 [PAR] Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Henri Becquerel - Biographical [PAR] Antoine Henri Becquerel was born in Paris on December 15, 1852, a member of a distinguished family of scholars and scientists. His father, Alexander Edmond Becquerel, was a Professor of Applied Physics and had done research on solar radiation and on phosphorescence, while his grandfather, Antoine C\u00e9sar, had been a Fellow of the Royal Society and the inventor of an electrolytic method for extracting metals from their ores. He entered the Polytechnic in 1872, then the government department of Ponts-et-Chauss\u00e9es in 1874, becoming ing\u00e9nieur in 1877 and being promoted to ing\u00e9nieur-en-chef in 1894. In 1888 he acquired the degree of docteur-\u00e8s-sciences. From 1878 he had held an appointment as an Assistant at the Museum of Natural History, taking over from his father in the Chair of Applied Physics at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers. In 1892 he was appointed Professor of Applied Physics in the Department of Natural History at the Paris Museum. He became a Professor at the Polytechnic in 1895. [PAR] Becquerel's earliest work was concerned with the plane polarization of light, with the phenomenon of phosphorescence and with the absorption of light by crystals (his doctorate thesis). He also worked on the subject of terrestrial magnetism. In 1896, his previous work was overshadowed by his discovery of the phenomenon of natural radioactivity. Following a discussion with Henri Poincar\u00e9 on the radiation which had recently been discovered by R\u00f6ntgen (X-rays) and which was accompanied by a type of phosphorescence in the vacuum tube, Becquerel decided to investigate whether there was any connection between X-rays and naturally occurring phosphorescence. He had inherited from his father a supply of uranium salts, which phosphoresce on exposure to light. When the salts were placed near to a photographic plate covered with opaque paper, the plate was discovered to be fogged. The phenomenon was found to be common to all the uranium salts studied and was concluded to be a property of the uranium atom. Later, Becquerel showed that the rays emitted by uranium, which for a long time were named after their discoverer, caused gases to ionize and that they differed from X-rays in that they could be deflected by electric or magnetic fields. For his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Becquerel was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, the other half being given to Pierre and Marie Curie for their study of the Becquerel radiation. [PAR] Becquerel published his findings in many papers, principally in the Annales de Physique et de Chimie and the Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. [PAR] He was elected a member of the Academie des Sciences de France in 1889 and succeeded Berthelot as Life Secretary of that body. He was a member also of the Accademia dei Lincei and of the Royal Academy of Berlin, amongst others. He was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1900. [PAR] He was married to Mlle. Janin, the daughter of a civil engineer. They had a son Jean, b. 1878, who was also a physicist: the fourth generation of scientists in the Becquerel family. [PAR] Antoine Henri Becquerel died at Le Croisic on August 25, 1908. [PAR] From Nobel Lectures , Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967 [PAR] This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel . It was later"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Atlantic Records Story - bsnpubs.com Atlantic Records Story [PAR] By David Edwards and Mike Callahan [PAR] Last update: February 20, 2000 [PAR] Atlantic was formed in 1947 by Ahmet Ertegun and Herb Abramson in New York City. Atco and Cotillion were subsidiary labels and Clarion was a budget label. Atlantic recorded rhythm and blues, jazz, blues, country and western, rock and roll, gospel, and comedy. [PAR] Ahmet Ertegun was born in 1923 in Turkey, and came to the United States at the age of 11 when his father was appointed the Turkish Ambassador to the United States. Ahmet fell in love with the United States, particularly the music. He and his older brother Nesuhi (born 1918) collected over 15,000 jazz and blues 78s. Ahmet went to St. Johns College to study philosophy, and did post graduate work at Georgetown in Washington, DC. During this period, Ahmet and Nesuhi hired halls and staged concerts by Lester Young, Sidney Bechet and other jazz giants. When Ahmet's father died in 1944, his mother and sister returned to Turkey, and Nesuhi went to California. Ahmet stayed in Washington and hung around the Waxie Maxie (Max Silverman's) Quality Music Shop to learn as much as he could about the record business. Ahmet had an aspiration to make records. [PAR] Herb Abramson was born in 1917, went to high school in Brooklyn, and was also a jazz and blues record collector. During World War II he promoted jazz concerts, some of them in association with the Ertegun brothers. In 1944, he became a part time record producer for National Records while attending New York University, where he was studying to become a dentist. Because of his jazz background, Herb started producing artists like Joe Turner and Pete Johnson. He signed Billy Eckstine to the National label and produced two big hits, \"Prisoner of Love\" and \"Cottage for Sale\" with him. He also produced a big hit with black comedian Dusty Fletcher called \"Open the Door Richard\". After a couple of years with National, in May, 1946, Abramson started the Jubilee Record label. Shortly afterwards, Jerry Blaine was brought into Jubilee as a partner. The original intention was to record jazz and gospel music, and Abramson did produce one record by gospel singer Ernestine Washington, but Jerry Blaine started making very successful Jewish comedy records which were of no interest to Herb. He asked Blaine to buy him out in September, 1947. [PAR] When Ahmet Ertegun decided to go into the record business, he knew he needed to collaborate with someone with a solid background in record production. He thought of Herb Abramson. Ahmet went to New York and stayed with Herb and his wife Miriam. In October, 1947, Ahmet and Herb formed Atlantic Records with financial backing from a Turkish Dentist, Dr. Vahdi Sabit. Herb Abramson was President and Ahmet Ertegun was Vice President of the new company. [PAR] From the beginning, Atlantic was different from other independent record companies. Their financier/dentist did not put pressure on them for immediate return on his investment, so Herb and Ahmet were free to make decisions based on their own good musical judgment. They did not cheat performers, as many of the other independent labels did. They gained a reputation for being honest, and that reputation as much as anything was the foundation for the success of the company. Many talented performers were willing to sign long term contracts with Atlantic because they believed that their royalties would be paid. Atlantic's business practices allowed them to hire the best musicians in the business. When it was industry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays Playwright Oscar Wilde, Biography and Plays [PAR] Born: October 16th, 1854 [PAR] Died: November 30th, 1900 [PAR] Although his given name was Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills, most lovers of his plays, fiction, and essays know him as Oscar Wilde. Born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, his father was an esteemed surgeon. His father\u2019s career and Oscar\u2019s scholarships enabled the young man to attain an impressive college education: [PAR] Trinity College, Dublin (1871 \u2013 1874) [PAR] Magdalen College, Oxford (1874 \u2013 1878) [PAR] During his college years, he became part of the \u201cOxford Movement,\u201d a group that expounded upon the virtues of classical culture and artistry. Also during his studies, Wilde became a devotee of the school of aestheticism, the belief that art should be created for the sake of beauty and not as a lesson in ethics. (In other words, he believed in \u201cart for the sake of art\u201d). [PAR] Throughout his college days, he exhibited a cunning wit and a love of attention. This increased when he moved to London in 1878. His first plays (Vera and The Duchess of Padua) were tragedies (not simply because they were depressing but also because they were dismal failures). [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] Scholars often debate the sexual identity of Oscar Wilde, labeling him either homosexual or bisexual. Biographers indicate that he had physical relationships with other males as early as age 16. However, in 1884 he married wealthy heiress Constance Lloyd. Thanks to her father\u2019s fortune, Wilde was freed from economic concerns, and he focused more on his creative endeavors. By 1886 Oscar and Constance had two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan. Despite his seemingly idealistic family dynamic, Wilde still loved being a celebrity \u2013 and still loved the decadent parties and homosexual affairs which his social status afforded. [PAR] His greatest successes occurred when he began writing comedies for the stage: [PAR] Lady Windermere\u2019s Fan: [PAR] A stormy and amusing four act comedy about an adulterous husband and a wife that decides that two can play at this game. What begins as a tale of romantic hi-jinks and amorous revenge turns into a tale with an unusual moral for its time: [PAR] LADY WINDERMERE: There is the same world for all of us, and good and evil, sin and innocence, go through it hand in hand. To shut one\u2019s eyes to half of life that one may live securely is as though one blinded oneself that one might walk with more safety in a land of pit and precipice. [PAR] The play ends with the reconciliation of both the philandering husband and errant wife, with the agreement to keep their past affairs a secret. [PAR] An Ideal Husband: [PAR] A delightful comedy of manners about a lovably roguish bachelor who learns about honor, and his highly honorable friends who learn that the are not as righteous as they feign to be. In addition to the romantic aspects of this comedy, An Ideal Husband offers a critical look at a woman\u2019s capacity for love in contrast with a man\u2019s capacity. For more on this subject, read Wilde\u2019s monologue spoken by the character Sir Robert Chiltern. [PAR] The Importance of Being Earnest : [PAR] One of Oscar Wilde\u2019s more boastful quotes about himself happened when the famous author was visiting America. A New York customs officer asked if he had any goods to declare. Wilde replied, \u201cNo, I have nothing to declare (pause) except my genius.\u201d If Wilde was justifed in such"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] since the signing of the ANZUS treaty in 1951 - State Milestones: 1945\u20131952 - Office of the Historian [PAR] Milestones: 1945\u20131952 [PAR] The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security Treaty (ANZUS Treaty), 1951 [PAR] The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security Treaty, or ANZUS Treaty, was an agreement signed in 1951 to protect the security of the Pacific. Although the agreement has not been formally abrogated, the United States and New Zealand no longer maintain the security relationship between their countries. [PAR] Secretary of State Dean Acheson speaking at an ANZUS Conference [PAR] At the onset of the Second World War, both Australia and New Zealand were members of the British Empire, so when Britain entered the conflict they did as well. During the course of the war, these two geographically isolated nations faced the threat of direct attack for the first time in their histories as modern states. As the Japanese expanded south into the Pacific Ocean, mainland Australia and especially the city of Darwin suffered frequent Japanese air raids in 1942 and 1943. After the sudden fall of the strategically important British colony of Singapore to the Japanese on February 15, 1942, the Antipodean nations expressed concern that the British Government was too focused on the war in Europe to protect its colonies properly and they began for the first time to look to the United States to help ensure their security. [PAR] As the other Allied powers turned their attention to the reconstruction of postwar Europe and Japan in the post World War II era, the governments of Australia and New Zealand remained concerned about the possibility of future Japanese expansionism and grew apprehensive about the rise of communism, particularly in East Asia. Even before the war ended, Australia and New Zealand signed an agreement stating that they had common goals and would work together in the international arena; at the time, the agreement was for both nations the first treaty negotiated independently, and it reflected the concern that the major powers of the United States and the United Kingdom may not take Australian and New Zealander issues into account in their postwar planning. The signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949, in which the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States alongside the Western European powers committed to a mutual defense arrangement, further prompted the geographically distant countries of Australia and New Zealand to seek their own security guarantee and means of integration in the international system in the postwar order. [PAR] Australia initially considered the idea of a regional pact in the Pacific in the 1930s, and in 1946, at a meeting of the Commonwealth Prime Ministers, it suggested that the major powers of the British Commonwealth form a regional defense system. If such an organization were created, the members could then invite the United States and other countries with strong interests in the Pacific to join. At that time, however, the United States was not yet prepared to commit itself to formal security arrangements in the Pacific. During the late 1940s, the United States was heavily engaged in the rebuilding of Japan, but the United States did not extend its defense interests far beyond Japanese territory before the Korean War. In response to Australian suggestions for a regional coalition, U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson stated that formal treaties with the South Pacific nations were unnecessary, as any real attack on Australia or New Zealand would elicit a U.S. response even without formal treaties in place to guarantee it. Moreover, the situations in the Atlantic and the Pacific were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Panama Canal | canal, Central America | Britannica.com Panama Canal | canal, Central America | Britannica.com [PAR] canal, Central America [PAR] Alternative Title: Canal de Panam\u00e1 [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Central America [PAR] Panama Canal, Spanish Canal de Panam\u00e1 , lock -type canal , owned and administered by the Republic of Panama , that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the narrow Isthmus of Panama . The length of the Panama Canal from shoreline to shoreline is about 40 miles (65 km) and from deep water in the Atlantic (more specifically, the Caribbean Sea ) to deep water in the Pacific about 50 miles (82 km). The canal, which was completed in August 1914, is one of the two most-strategic artificial waterways in the world, the other being the Suez Canal . Ships sailing between the east and west coasts of the United States, which otherwise would be obliged to round Cape Horn in South America , shorten their voyage by about 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km) by using the canal. Savings of up to 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km) are also made on voyages between one coast of North America and ports on the other side of South America. Ships sailing between Europe and East Asia or Australia can save as much as 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) by using the canal. [PAR] A small tugboat leads a large ship out of one of the Panama Canal\u2019s locks. [PAR] Danny Lehman/Corbis [PAR] Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest [PAR] The third lock systems of the Third Set of Locks Project, begun in 2007, were inspired by the Berendrecht lock in Antwerp, Belgium, and water-saving basins used in canals in Germany. Some 190,000 tons of steel, mostly from Mexico, are entrenched in heavily reinforced concrete to build the lock chambers on the Atlantic and Pacific sides, and the new lock gates measure up to 33 feet (10 metres) wide, 98 feet (30 metres) high, and 190 feet (58 metres) long. The new chambers and basins, which will control the water flowing from Gat\u00fan Lake, were designed to minimize the turbulence of water flow and the disturbance to transiting vessels. The basins were completed in June 2016 and include 158 valves consisting of 20,000 tons of structural material. Officials say those water-saving basins are the largest in the world and facilitate a 60 percent reuse of water. Whereas the existing locks use 52 million gallons (197 million litres) with each use, the new locks use 48 million gallons (182 million litres). [PAR] Breakwaters [PAR] Long breakwaters have been constructed near the approach channels in both oceans. Breakwaters extend from the west and east sides of Lim\u00f3n Bay; the west breakwater protects the harbour against severe gales , and the east one reduces silting in the canal channel. On the Pacific side a causeway extends from Balboa to three small islands (Naos, Perico, and Flamenco) and diverts crosscurrents that carry soft material from the shallow harbour of Panama City into the canal channel. [PAR] Operation [PAR] Pearl Harbor attack [PAR] Traffic through the Panama Canal is a barometer of world trade, rising in times of world economic prosperity and declining in times of recession. From a low of 807 transits in 1916, traffic rose to a high point of 15,523 transits of all types in 1970. The cargo carried through the canal that year amounted to more than 132.5 million long tons (134.6 million metric tons). Although the number of annual transits has decreased since then, the canal carries more freight than ever before because the average size of vessels"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hairstory - Hair the Musical by Gerome Ragni, James Rado ... Hair the Musical by Gerome Ragni, James Rado, and music by Galt Macdermot [PAR] Hairstory [PAR] The Story Behind The Story [PAR] James Rado is at the heart and root of the origin. In his early teens he knew what he wanted to do, his dream, to write a Broadway musical. He had become a fan of the genre, and he made first stabs at writing one. In college he majored in Speech & Drama and became a songwriter. He co-authored 2 musical shows at the University of Maryland: \"INTERLUDE\" and, a year later, \"INTERLUDE 2.\" After graduation, followed by two years in the U.S.Navy, he returned to school in Washington, D.C. for graduate work at Catholic University, where he co-authored a musical revue called \"CROSS YOUR FINGERS.\" He wrote the lyrics and music for all his songs. He moved to New York City, but it would be another 10 years before he would write a fourth musical for the stage. (During that intervening decade, besides holding down a \"make-a-living\" job, he wrote pop songs and recorded his own band, known as \"James Alexander and the Argyles,\" and he began to study acting in earnest.) Upon meeting Gerome Ragni, he saw some of Jerry's poetic writings and asked him to collaborate on a new show. They began a voluminous creation. One day they were in the Whitney Museum of Art on Madison Avenue, going from painting to painting, when they came upon a rather unique one by an American artist, Jim Dine. Looking to see the name of it, Jim Rado said to Jerry Ragni, \"What an odd title for a painting...Hair.\" Several months later they found that title most apropos for the show they were writing about hippiedom and the troubles of America. [PAR] HAIR's world debut was in New York City in October 1967, off-Broadway, on the heels of the Summer of Love. Jerry and I had written HAIR for the uptown big theatre audiences. It was designed to invade Broadway territory, but we couldn't get a tumble from any of the Broadway producers. \"Not our cup of tea,\" they would say. We retreated from our firm intention, in response to an offer of a 6-week run for HAIR as the opening attraction at a new theater. The old Astor Library, gutted and under fresh construction, became The New York Shakespeare Festival Public Theater, and the producer Joseph Papp chose HAIR to be the premiere presentation in his experimental space, the Anspacher Theater. (Papp had produced free Shakespeare in Central Park for years, but was now branching out, to embrace the excitement of the avant garde theater movement.) Quite a wonderful opportunity, we thought; if we couldn't get HAIR on-Broadway, at least we could jump-start it downtown in the Joseph Papp spotlight of a new New York theater, in the East Village at that, where the play itself was set. As directed by Gerald Freedman, with choreography by Anna Sokolow, the \"Public\" proved to be a perfect \"out-of-town tryout.\" [PAR] A Guy, a Kid and a Cat [PAR] A guy from Washington, D.C. (James Rado) and a kid from Pittsburgh. Pa. (Gerome Ragni) met in New York City when they were cast together in a new off-Broadway endeavor, HANG DOWN YOUR HEAD AND DIE, a musical revue whose theme was Capital Punishment. Following the shortest run in show biz (one night), the two young men continued their friendship and soon set out to write their own show, a musical they entitled HAIR. The two became"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oldest Airline in the World - BootsnAll Toolkit Oldest Airline in the World - BootsnAll Toolkit [PAR] Home \u00bb Traveler's Toolkit \u00bb Oldest Airline in the World [PAR] Oldest Airline in the World [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Q: Which is the oldest airline? [PAR] Tracing the genealogies of various carriers can be complicated, as many companies have changed names and identities. But most airline historians (there really are such things) agree that the world\u2019s oldest continuously operating airline is Amsterdam-based KLM (that\u2019s Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij for those of you speaking Dutch), which lists its founding date as 1919. Other pioneers include Colombia\u2019s Avianca, also harking back to 1919, and even the national airline of Bolivia, LAB, which started flying in 1925. [PAR] In the USA, Northwest is the oldest, beginning operations in 1926. (Northwest\u2019s pilot uniforms pay tribute to their airline\u2019s origins as a mail carrier by featuring the words \u2018US Mail\u2019 in the center of their emblems.) As many people know, KLM and Northwest joined several years ago in the first of the big strategic alliances, but for whatever reason they never exploited their status as two of the world\u2019s first airlines. [PAR] This Q&A is part of a collection that originally appeared on Salon.com. Patrick Smith, 38, is an erstwhile airline pilot, retired punk rocker and air travel columnist. His book, Ask the Pilot (Riverhead) was voted \u201cBest Travel Book of 2004\u201d by Amazon.com. Patrick has traveled to more than 55 countries and always asks for a window seat. He lives near Boston.[DOC] [TLE] 25 Fun Aviation Facts You Never Knew | Flight Centre Blog 25 Fun Aviation Facts You Never Knew | Flight Centre Blog [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Look up the hash tag #avgeek on Twitter or Instragram and you'll see that there's a world filled with airline and aviation enthusiasts. Call it a hobby, an obsession or anything in between, but this is one interest group whose reach has swelled beyond the borders for a global reach. [PAR] Now for my confession. I'm an #avgeek. Total aviation nerd and love any sort of fun or amazing fact. [PAR] So I compiled some interesting and different aviation fast facts that you may not have heard before. [PAR] Did you know... [PAR] KLM is the world's oldest airline, established in 1919 [PAR] 1920 [PAR] Qantas is the world's second oldest airline, established in 1920 [PAR] USD$40,000 [PAR] In 1987 American Airlines saved $40,000 by removing 1 olive from each salad served in first class [PAR] 37 seconds [PAR] An aircraft takes off or lands every 37 seconds at Chicago O\u2019Hare's International Airport [PAR] Wingspan [PAR] The wing-span of the A380 is longer than the aircraft itself. Wingspan is 80m, the length is 72.7m [PAR] $700 million [PAR] Singapore Airlines spends approximately $700 million on food every year and $16 million on wine [PAR] 1.5 litres [PAR] Travelling by air can shed up to 1.5 litres of water from the body during an average 3 hour flight [PAR] JFK [PAR] JFK Airport in New York was originally named Idlewild Airport [PAR] 10 tons [PAR] Lufthansa is the world's largest purchaser of caviar, buying over 10 tons per year [PAR] 120 feet [PAR] The Boeing 747 wing-span (195 feet) is longer than the Wright Brothers first flight of 120ft [PAR] Check-in [PAR] The internet and on-line check-in was first introduced by Alaska Airlines in 1999 [PAR] 2.4 metres [PAR] The winglets on an Airbus A330-200 are the same height as the world's tallest man (2.4m) [PAR] 480,000 [PAR] Total electricity capacity of a 747-8 can power up to 480,000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ... No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent | Quote Investigator [PAR] No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent [PAR] Eleanor Roosevelt? Reader\u2019s Digest? Apocryphal? Anonymous? [PAR] Dear Quote Investigator: There is a remarkably insightful statement about self-esteem that is usually credited to Eleanor Roosevelt, the diplomat and former First Lady: [PAR] No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. [PAR] This is one of my favorite quotations, but I have not been able to determine when it was first said. One quotation dictionary claimed that the saying was in the autobiography \u201cThis is My Story\u201d by Roosevelt, but I was unable to find it. [PAR] Did Eleanor Roosevelt really say this? Could you tell me where I can locate this quotation? [PAR] Quote Investigator: This popular aphorism is the most well-known guidance ascribed to Roosevelt. Quotation experts such as Rosalie Maggio and Ralph Keyes have explored the origin of this saying. Surprisingly, a thorough examination of the books the First Lady authored and her other archived writings has failed to discover any instances of the quote [QVFI]. [PAR] Yet, the saying has been attributed to Roosevelt for more than seventy years. The earliest example located by QI appeared in the pages of the widely-distributed periodical Reader\u2019s Digest in September of 1940 [RDFI]: [PAR] No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. [PAR] Eleanor Roosevelt [PAR] Thus, from the beginning the phrase was credited to Roosevelt. However, no supporting reference was given in the magazine, and the quote stood alone at the bottom of a page with unrelated article text above it. [PAR] Recently, QI located some intriguing evidence, and he now believes that the creation of this maxim can be traced back to comments made by Eleanor Roosevelt about an awkward event in 1935. The Secretary of Labor in the Roosevelt administration was invited to give a speech at the University of California, Berkeley on the Charter Day of the school. The customary host of the event was unhappy because she felt that the chosen speaker should not have been a political figure. She refused to serve as the host and several newspaper commentators viewed her action as a rebuff and an insult. [PAR] Eleanor Roosevelt was asked at a White House press conference whether the Secretary had been snubbed, and her response was widely disseminated in newspapers. Here is an excerpt from an Associated Press article [ERNC]: [PAR] \u201cA snub\u201d defined the first lady, \u201cis the effort of a person who feels superior to make someone else feel inferior. To do so, he has to find someone who can be made to feel inferior.\u201d [PAR] She made clear she didn\u2019t think the labor secretary fell within the category of the \u201csnubable.\u201d [PAR] Note that this statement by Roosevelt in 1935 contained the key elements of the quotation that was assigned to her by 1940. One person may try to make a second person feel inferior, but this second person can resist and simply refuse to feel inferior. In this example, the labor secretary refused to consent to feel inferior. [PAR] The precise wording given for Roosevelt\u2019s statement varied. Here is another example that was printed in a syndicated newspaper column called \u201cSo They Say!\u201d the following week. The columnist stated that the following was the definition of a \u201csnub\u201d given by Roosevelt [OWFI]: [PAR] I think it is the effort of a person who feels superior to make someone else feel inferior. First, though, you have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl X Game Recap - NFL.com - Official Site of the ... Super Bowl X Game Recap [PAR] Pittsburgh 21, Dallas 17 [PAR] SuperBowl.com wire reports [PAR] The Steelers won the Super Bowl for the second year in a row on Terry Bradshaw's 64-yard touchdown pass to Lynn Swann and an aggressive defense that snuffed out a late rally by the Cowboys with an end-zone interception on the final play of the game. [PAR] In the fourth quarter, Pittsburgh ran on fourth down and gave up the ball on the Cowboys' 39 with 1:22 to play. Roger Staubach ran and passed for two first downs but his last desperation pass was picked off by Glen Edwards. [PAR] Dallas's scoring was the result of two touchdown passes by Staubach, one to Drew Pearson for 29 yards and the other to Percy Howard for 34 yards. Toni Fritsch had a 36-yard field goal. [PAR] The Steelers scored on two touchdown passes by Bradshaw, one to Randy Grossman for seven yards and the long bomb to Swann. [PAR] Roy Gerela had 36- and 18-yard field goals. Reggie Harrison blocked a punt through the end zone for a safety. [PAR] Swann set a Super Bowl record by gaining 161 yards on his four receptions. [PAR] Information[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ... Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History - National Football League - ESPN [PAR] Super Bowl Winners and Results [PAR] NO. [PAR] Green Bay 35, Kansas City 10 [PAR] II [PAR] Green Bay 33, Oakland 14 [PAR] III [PAR] New York Jets 16, Baltimore 7 [PAR] IV [PAR] Kansas City 23, Minnesota 7 [PAR] V [PAR] Pittsburgh 31, Los Angeles 19 [PAR] XV [PAR] San Francisco 26, Cincinnati 21 [PAR] XVII [PAR] Los Angeles 38, Washington 9 [PAR] XIX [PAR] San Francisco 38, Miami 16 [PAR] XX [PAR] Chicago 46, New England 10 [PAR] XXI [PAR] New York Giants 39, Denver 20 [PAR] XXII [PAR] Jack Murphy Stadium (San Diego) [PAR] Washington 42, Denver 10 [PAR] San Francisco 20, Cincinnati 16 [PAR] XXIV [PAR] San Francisco 55, Denver 10 [PAR] XXV [PAR] New York Giants 20, Buffalo 19 [PAR] XXVI [PAR] San Francisco 49, San Diego 26 [PAR] XXX [PAR] Sun Devil Stadium (Tempe, Ariz.) [PAR] Dallas 27, Pittsburgh 17 [PAR] Green Bay 35, New England 21 [PAR] XXXII [PAR] Denver 31, Green Bay 24 [PAR] XXXIII [PAR] St. Louis 23, Tennessee 16 [PAR] XXXV [PAR] Raymond James Stadium (Tampa, Fla.) [PAR] Baltimore 34, New York Giants 7 [PAR] XXXVI [PAR] New England 20, St. Louis 17 [PAR] XXXVII [PAR] Tampa Bay 48, Oakland 21 [PAR] XXXVIII [PAR] New England 32, Carolina 29 [PAR] XXXIX [PAR] New England 24, Philadelphia 21 [PAR] XL [PAR] University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale, Ariz.) [PAR] New York Giants 17, New England 14 [PAR] XLIII [PAR] Raymond James Stadium (Tampa, Fla.) [PAR] Pittsburgh Steelers 27, Arizona Cardinals 23 [PAR] XLIV [PAR] New Orleans Saints 31, Indianapolis Colts 17 [PAR] XLV [PAR] Green Bay Packers 31, Pittsburgh Steelers 25 [PAR] XLVI [PAR] New York Giants 21, New England Patriots 17 [PAR] XLVII [PAR] Baltimore Ravens 34, San Francisco 49ers 31 [PAR] XLVIII [PAR] MetLife Stadium (East Rutherford, N.J.) [PAR] Seattle Seahawks 43, Denver Broncos 8 [PAR] XLIX [PAR] University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale, Ariz.) [PAR] New England Patriots 28, Seattle Seahawks 24 [PAR] 50 [PAR] Levi's Stadium (Santa Clara, Calif.) [PAR] Denver Broncos 24, Carolina Panthers 10 [PAR] SPONSORED HEADLINES"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Picture Album Of Pakistan | Page 3 | Pakistan Cricket ... Picture Album Of Pakistan | Page 3 | Pakistan Cricket Forum - Cricistan [PAR] Pakistan Cricket Forum - Cricistan [PAR] 699 [PAR] Takht-i-Bahi,Mardan,KPK [PAR] Takht Bhai (or Takht Bahi) is a Buddhist monastic complex dating to the 1st century BCE.The complex is regarded by archaeologists as being particularly representative of the architecture of Buddhist monastic centers from its era. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. [PAR] The word Takht Bhai may have different explanations. In Sanskrit, takht means \"well\" and bhai means \"on a high surface\", so the whole word means \"well on a high surface\". In Persian, takht means \"throne\". The ruins are located about 15 kilometers from Mardan in Pakistan's Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province. A small fortified city, dating from the same era, sits nearby. The ruins also sit near a modern village known by the same name. The surrounding area is famous for sugar cane cultivation. [PAR] Structure [PAR] There are four main areas of the Takht Bahi complex: [PAR] The Stupa Court, a cluster of stupas located in a central courtyard. [PAR] The monastic chambers, consisting of individual cells arranged around a courtyard, assembly halls, and a dining area. [PAR] A temple complex, consisting of stupas and similar to the Stupa Court, but of later construction. [PAR] The Tantric monastic complex, which consists of small, dark cells with low openings, which may have been used for certain forms of Tantric meditation. [PAR] Additional structures on the site may have served as residences or meeting halls, or filled secular purposes. All of the buildings on the site are constructed from local stone, and are mortared with lime and mud. [PAR] History [PAR] The monastic complex likely was founded in the early 1st Century BCE. Despite numerous invasions into the area, Takht Bhai's hilltop location seems to have protected it from destruction, unlike many comparable early Buddhist monastic complexes.The complex was occupied continuously until the modern era, when charitable funding for the site ended. [PAR] Archaeologists have divided the history of the complex at Takht Bhai into four periods, beginning in the 1st Century BCE. This first era continued until the 2nd Century CE, and is associated with the Kushan king Kanishka, as well as early Parthian and later Kushana king. The second construction period, which included the creation of the Stupa Court and assembly hall, took place during the 3rd and 4th Centuries CE. A third construction period, associated with the later Kushan dynasty and the Kidara Kushana rulers, occurred during the 4th and 5th centuries. The final construction period, which saw the creation of the so-called Tantric complex, took place in the 6th and 7th Centuries CE, and was overseen by invading Hun rulers. [PAR] The first modern historical reference to these ruins was made in 1836 by the French Officer, the Buddhist remains are in a village named Mazdoorabad. Explorations and excavations on this site began in 1864. The site underwent a major restoration in the 1920s. [PAR] Spoiler [PAR] 699 [PAR] Squash in Pakistan [PAR] Although hockey is the national sport of Pakistan and cricket is by far the most popular one; the sport in which Pakistan has achieved most success is squash. Pakistan dominated squash like no other country in the world, the domination lasting for the best part of 5 decades. It reached its peak in the 1980s and 1990s during the reigns of Jahangir Khan and Jansher Khan. Between 1950 and 1997, Pakistan amassed over 30 British Open titles, 14 World Open titles and a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jomo Kenyatta, first Prime Minister and President of Kenya Jomo Kenyatta, first Prime Minister and President of Kenya [PAR] Jomo Kenyatta [PAR] [joh' moh kehn yah' tah] first Prime Minister and President of Kenya [PAR] Kamau wa Ngengi was born about 1890 in the village of Ichaweri, Gatundu, in British East Africa, a member of the Kikuyu tribe. He was educated at the Church of Scotland Mission at Kikuyu, and baptized in 1914 with the name John Peter (which he later changed to Johnstone Kamau). During the First World War he lived with Maasai relatives in Nairobi, where he worked as a government clerk. [PAR] Overseas Work and Study [PAR] In 1922, while still living in Nairobi, Kamau joined the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA), a political protest movement. By 1928, as secretary of the association, he was chief advocate for Kikuyu land rights. In 1929 the KCA sent him to London to lobby for their views; he also wrote articles to British newspapers about the matter. After a brief return to Kenya, he enrolled at Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham, England, in 1931. From 1931 to 1946 he worked and studied in Western Europe and Moscow. By 1938 he had adopted the name Jomo Kenyatta (Burning Spear Beaded Belt), and it was under this name that he published Facing Mount Kenya, his thesis for the London School of Economics. During this period he continued to lobby on behalf of Kikuyu land rights. [PAR] During World War II , Kenyatta worked at a British farm in Sussex to avoid conscription into the British Army. He also lectured on Africa for the Workman's Education Association. [PAR] Return to Africa [PAR] On returning to Africa in 1946, Kenyatta became a principal of Kenya Teachers College. In 1947 he was elected president of the newly-founded Kenya African Union (later Kenya African National Union, or KANU). [PAR] In 1952, Kenyatta was charged with leading the Mau Mau Rebellion against the British and, despite his denials, was sentenced to seven years in prison, after which he spent two more years in exile in a remote part of Kenya. [PAR] Leadership of Kenya [PAR] On May 14, 1960, Kenyatta was elected president of KANU, even though he was still in exile. The state of emergency in Kenya was lifted in December 1960, and Kenyatta was finally fully released on August 21, 1961. In 1962 he was admitted into the Legislative Council, where he played a crucial role in the creation of a new constitution. Kenyatta became Prime Minister of the autonomous Kenyan government on June 1, 1963, and retained the position after independence was declared on December 12, 1963. Kenya became a republic on December 12, 1964, and Kenyatta became its first President. He was re-elected in 1966, 1969, and 1974. [PAR] Despite having helped gain Kenya's independence from Great Britain , Kenyatta sought to maintain good relations with that country, even encouraging white residents to remain in Kenya and allowing many colonial-era civil servants to keep their jobs. He asked for, and received, British help against Somali rebels in the northeast, and against an army mutiny in Nairobi. Kenyatta is credited with making Kenya one of the most politically stable nations in Africa. His period in Kenyan history is also known as one of economic progress as well as agricultural, industrial and educational advances. [PAR] President Jomo Kenyatta died in Mombasa on August 22, 1978, and was buried in Nairobi on August 31. [PAR] Wives and Children[DOC] [TLE] Jomo Kenyatta - Biography - IMDb Jomo Kenyatta - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jomo Kenyatta [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Color Me Badd - Slow Motion - YouTube Color Me Badd - Slow Motion - YouTube [PAR] Color Me Badd - Slow Motion [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 28, 2010 [PAR] Color Me Badd was a male R&B/Pop vocal group which was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in the early 1990s. The members were Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, Sam Watters and Kevin Thornton. The group, whose R&B harmony vocals and image that appealed to Pop and R&B audiences, were discovered by Robert Bell, a member of Kool & The Gang. The group had five U.S. hit singles from their debut album, C.M.B., released in 1991. The singles were 'I Wanna Sex You Up', 'I Adore Mi Amore', 'All 4 Love', 'Thinkin Back', and 'Slow Motion'. 'I Wanna Sex You Up' was also featured on the New Jack City movie soundtrack in 1991, and 'Forever Love' was on the Mo Money movie soundtrack in 1992. The group released four albums between 1991 and 1998, as well as a remix album in 1992. As their success faded, they group broke up 2000, with the members going about their separate ways. Sam Watters is a record producer who acheived success with a lot of Pop Music artists during the 2000s. Kevin Thorton is a Gospel singer and has recorded a solo album, Mark Calderon works in the insurance industry, and lead singer Bryan Abrams has recently appeared in a VH-1 reality show titled Mission Manband. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World SCRABBLE Championship - NASPAWiki World SCRABBLE Championship - NASPAWiki [PAR] World SCRABBLE Championship [PAR] Switch to full version. [PAR] The World SCRABBLE\u00ae Championship (WSC) was the world\u2019s top international SCRABBLE championship tournament. Although it ceased to be held under this name in 2011, this page also lists its successor events, which continue to fill the same role within the global competitive SCRABBLE community. [PAR] It is currently sponsored solely by Mattel , Inc. The tournament rules and word list are set by the World English-Language Scrabble Players' Association (WESPA). The involvement of NASPA is limited to selecting the American and Canadian teams and to the participation of Copresident John Chew as event director. [PAR] For more information about the next event, see 2014 World SCRABBLE Championship . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 14 1991 [PAR] History [PAR] The first WSC was organized by Philip Nelkon of Mattel in London in 1991 and won by Peter Morris , a Canadian residing in the United States, who defeated American Brian Cappelletto in a best-of-three finals. [PAR] Two years later in 1993, the National SCRABBLE Association under John D. Williams, Jr. organized the next event, sponsored by Hasbro and directed by Michael R. Wise in New York City. It was won by Mark Nyman of England. [PAR] From then until 2003, the WSC was organized and sponsored in biennial alternation by Hasbro and Mattel , during which period Americans and Canadians won two more titles each, and and Thailand one. [PAR] From 2005 to 2011, the event was organized and sponsored by Nelkon and Mattel. [PAR] In 2013 and 2014, Mattel licensed Mind Sports International (MSI) to hold the 2013 World SCRABBLE Championship in place of the WSC. [PAR] WESPA has announced that they will be holding the 2015 WESPA Invitational Masters as a replacement event for the WSC in Perth, Australia."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arlanda Airport Information - Cheapflights Arlanda (ARN) Airport Guide | Terminals & Parking, Airport Code, Car Rental & More Information | Cheapflights [PAR] +46 (0)8 797 6000 [PAR] Airport Overview [PAR] Stockholm Arlanda Airport (ARN), commonly referred to as Arlanda, is Sweden\u2019s largest international airport and the third largest in the Nordic countries. It is situated 23 miles (37 km) north of the city of Stockholm, near the town of Marsta. In 2010, it served 17 million passengers. [PAR] Arlanda Airport has four terminals. International flights are served by Terminals 2 and 5, while domestic flights are served by terminals 3 and 4. A central building, SkyCity, connects Terminals 4 and 5 and houses a business center and a number of shops and restaurants. Each terminal also has its own selection of retail outlets and eateries. [PAR] In general, Arlanda Stockholm Airport is highly efficient and has all the facilities you\u2019d expect from a world-class, high-volume airport. Staff are helpful and proficient in English, signage is clear and user-friendly, and transport to and from the city is plentiful. There simply couldn\u2019t be a better place to begin or end your Nordic vacation. [PAR] Terminal Transfer [PAR] A free shuttle service runs between the terminals and to the long-term car parks. [PAR] Getting into Town [PAR] Train: There are two railway stations at Arlanda Airport, namely Arlanda South and Arlanda North, and a third, Arlanda Central Station, under Skycity. Arlanda South is closest to Terminals 2, 3 and 4, while Arlanda North is closest to Terminal 5; Arlanda Central Station mainly serves trains departing on long-distance trips. The fastest train is the Arlanda Express, which travels nonstop between the airport and central Stockholm every 20 minutes. A one-way ticket costs SEK 260 (\u00a325). [PAR] Taxi: Taxis are located outside each terminal. A trip to the center of town costs SEK 450-500 (\u00a344-\u00a349) and takes 35-40 minutes. [PAR] Bus: Various buses and coaches, many of which operate on environmentally friendly biofuel, run between the airport and the city center of Stockholm. Fare is SEK 90-120 (\u00a39-\u00a312) and journey time is 35-45 minutes. [PAR] Car Parking [PAR] Outdoor car parks and multi-story parking garages are situated close to all four terminals, while low price long-term lots are located further away from the airport. Rates for outdoor and multi-story lots are SEK 80 (\u00a38) per hour, with maximum rates ranging between SEK 210-310 (\u00a320-\u00a330) per day and SEK 1470-2170 (\u00a3144-\u00a3213) per week. Long-term parking, available at the Arlanda Langtid Alfa and Arlanda Langtid Alfa Beta lots, costs SEK 50 (\u00a35) per hour and SEK 110 (\u00a311) for one to four days, with longer stay options and reduced rates applying thereafter. A shuttle travels between these lots and the terminals every eight to 15 minutes. [PAR] Information Desks [PAR] Information desks are located in terminals 2, 4 and 5. [PAR] Airport Facilities [PAR] Money and communications: ATMs, currency exchange and post office. [PAR] Luggage: There are left-luggage and lost-and-found facilities. [PAR] Conference and business: Terminals 2 and 5 have lounges with fax, copying machines and Internet access. The Sidewalk Express provides Internet points in the SkyCity Plaza and Terminals 2, 4 and 5. The Arlanda Conference and Business Center is located in SkyCity and provides 48 conference rooms with a capacity of two to 700 people, in addition to exhibition halls that can accommodate up to 1,000 guests. Wi-Fi, photocopiers, fax machines and mobile phone chargers are also available. [PAR] Other facilities: A chapel, hairdresser, dry cleaner, showers and fitness center, in addition to a doctor\u2019s surgery, a pharmacy and childcare facilities. Terminals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full text of \"Glory Years of Football, Centenary College ... Full text of \"Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana, 1922-1942\" [PAR] See other formats [PAR] The Glory Years of Football Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 X ea Centenary By Bentley Sloane 03 01 IP 100 The Glory Years of Football Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 By Bentley Sloane 03 01 IP 100 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The Glory Years of Football Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 By Bentley Sloane The author was a student at Centenary College during 1923-1927 when the McMillin teams were opening a new era. The story of football at Centenary College of Louisiana in the 1920s is so dramatic and unique that it deserves special treatment all of its own. A small, obscure liberal arts college with a student body of less than 300 suddenly fields a powerful football team in 1922, and for the next 20 years plays and defeats teams in the Southwest Conference (Texas) and some of the nation's best in other athletic conferences, including Boston College, the University of Iowa, the University of Mississippi, Oklahoma A & M, and Louisiana State University. How was this accomplished, what did it mean, and what was its contribution to the history of Centenary College of Louisiana? This special brochure will attempt to answer these questions. Intercollegiate athletics was not a tradition that Centenary College brought to its Shreveport campus in September 1908, when the school opened for its first semester of academic work. College authorities had frowned upon any organized teams of baseball or football as reflected in the following resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees in 1898: \"Resolved, that we will not countenance or permit students of the college or any professor to engage in any intercollegiate contests of baseball or football, or in any physical games outside the college campus, and we forbid all ball play within a hundred yards of any building.\" Prior to this resolution, and no doubt the reason for it, a makeshift Centenary football team had played Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and was not only beaten by a large score, but two of Centenary's players had to be hospitalized in Baton Rouge for several days. In 1901 these restrictions were eased somewhat for the baseball teams as recorded in the Trustee minutes: \"Games with other schools are allowed provided our boys do not travel on Sunday going to or returning from games.\" The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The first official records of athletic teams at Centenary College in Shreveport are to be found in the 1908-1909 college catalog and the November 1909 issue of the Maroon and White, a monthly publication edited by the students. The 1908 catalog states that the Centenary Athletic Association was organized and included all students interested in baseball, football, tennis, and track teams. Professor James Hinton who taught Latin and Greek, was president of the Association. One year later, the college catalog announced that a spacious and attractive athletic park was ready for use. This park was no doubt on the northwest section of the campus, which had been cleared \"out of the woods\" and would be the site of the first athletic grandstand erected a few years later. The Maroon and White gave the schedule and scores of the football games played in 1909. The team was called the \"Maroons,\" and Professor James Hinton was listed as the coach. Players were listed as follows: Clint Willis, Archie Johnson, William C. Honey cutt, Earl Whittington, K."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mala Album Discography - bsnpubs.com Mala Album Discography [PAR] Mala Album Discography [PAR] By David Edwards and Mike Callahan [PAR] Last update: June 17, 2003 [PAR] Mala Records was formed in 1959 as a subsidiary to Bell Records by Bell's President, Al Massler. It was purchased in late 1961 by Larry Utall, then-owner of the Madison label. Utall closed Madison down and shifted his artist roster to the Bell labels. [PAR] Mala's singles series started in 1959 with a long-forgotten disc by the Hi Boys, \"Billy Boy\"/\"Draw\" [Mala 400]. About a dozen singles were issued the first year, including singles by Sy Oliver, Herb Lance (who two years later charted with the Classics on the Promo label with \"Blue Moon\"), Jeanie Allen, and the Hully Gully Boys. Another dozen singles in 1960 were also by largely unknowns, but they did include a pair of early singles by David Gates (\"What's This I Hear\"/\"You'll Be My Baby\", Mala 413, and \"Happiest Man Alive\"/\"The Road That Leads To Love\", Mala 418). The year 1961 brought another eighteen mostly forgettable singles, with another David Gates offering mixed in (\"Jo-Baby\"/\"Teardrops In My Heart\", Mala 427). [PAR] Early in 1962, Mala issued a single by R. Dean Taylor (\"I'll Remember\"/\"It's A Long Way To St. Louis\", Mala 444), almost a decade before his \"Indiana Wants Me\" hit in 1970. David Walker, once the lead singer for the gospel group Mighty Clouds of Joy, hit psudonymously as Bunker Hill with \"Hide and Go Seek, Part 1\" [Mala 451], which made #33. Although Walker had several followup singles, both under his own name and as Bunker Hill, none caught on. [PAR] In 1963, perennial label-wanderer Link Wray (and his Ray Men/Wraymen) signed with Mala for two singles (\"Hold It\"/\"Big City After Dark\", Mala 456 by Ray Vernon and the Ray Men, and \"Dancing Party\"/\"There's A Hole In The Middle Of The Moon\", Mala 458, by Link Wray and the Wraymen). [PAR] Near the end of 1963, the BigTop label folded and Mala took over many of their artists. Don & Juan, Johnny & the Hurricanes, and the Royaltones appeared on Mala about that time. Del Shannon, BigTop's major artist, formed his own label, Berlee, upon leaving BigTop in 1963, but lack of distribution soon discouraged Del, and he eventually settled in at sister label Amy in 1964. [PAR] In 1964, Mala scored its biggest hit yet with Ronny and the Daytonas' \"G.T.O.,\" a song directed at the then-current car craze and celebrating Pontiac's hot new model of the same name. Ronny and the Daytonas were a Nashville studio group. \"Ronny\" is John \"Bucky\" Wilkin, backed by a cast of famous Nashville session men, including Bobby Russell, Chips Moman, Johnny MacRae, and others. A completely different touring group was formed for public appearances. The touring group later recorded as the Hombres (\"Let It Out, Let It All Hang Out\" on Verve-Forecast). Because of the huge hit, \"G.T.O.,\" Mala re-started their album series with an LP of the same name [Mala 4001]. When the group hit with \"Sandy\" about two years later, Mala followed with a second album, Sandy [Mala 4002]. [PAR] Other artists on the roster in 1964 included the Del Satins (Dion's backup group after splitting with the Belmonts), ex-Madison artists Nino & the Ebbtides and Gary Stites, the Rag Dolls (\"Dusty\"), and Nashville songwriter Chip Taylor (later to write the garage-rock anthem \"Wild Thing\"). [PAR] 1965 brought Jimmy Clanton, veteran hitmaker from the Ace label of Jackson, Mississippi, to Mala, but he failed to recapture the magic that got him a number of hits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Till I Loved You - Barbra Streisand | Songs, Reviews ... Till I Loved You - Barbra Streisand | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Till I Loved You [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by William Ruhlmann [PAR] Barbra Streisand 's first album of new studio material in four years, Till I Loved You was led by its title song, a duet with Streisand 's current paramour, actor Don Johnson , on a tune from a Columbia Records pet project, a studio musical called Goya, written by Maury Yeston (composer of the Broadway show Nine), that the label was encouraging its artists to promote. That embarrassing recording made the album as a whole seem worse than it was. But Till I Loved You , which was given over to newly written romantic ballads by people like Burt Bacharach and Carole Bayer Sager , still wasn't very good. Eighteen songwriters, six producers, nine recording studios: like Emotion , Till I Loved You was a big-budget effort. But it was like a movie with a great star, great production values, and a mediocre script, so how much you liked it depended on how much you liked Streisand , and it sold to her fans only. [PAR] Track Listing[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson ... Amazon.com: Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version): Barbra Streisand: MP3 Downloads [PAR] TITLE added to MP3 cart [PAR] Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version) [PAR] 4.8 out of 5 stars 4 customer reviews [PAR] $0.99 [PAR] Start your 30-day free trial of Unlimited to listen to this song plus tens of millions more songs. Exclusive Prime pricing. [PAR] $0.99 to buy [PAR] Your Amazon Music account is currently associated with a different marketplace. To enjoy Prime Music, go to Your Music Library and transfer your account to Amazon.com (US). [PAR] Fix in Music Library [PAR] Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version) [PAR] Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version) [PAR] 5:09 [PAR] Sold by Amazon Digital Services LLC. Additional taxes may apply. By placing your order, you agree to our Terms of Use . [PAR] Related Video Shorts [PAR] Customers Also Listened To These Songs [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] Original Release Date: October 1, 1988 [PAR] Release Date: October 25, 1988 [PAR] Label: Columbia [PAR] Copyright: (P) 1988 Sony Music Entertainment Inc. [PAR] Record Company Required Metadata: Music file metadata contains unique purchase identifier. Learn more . [PAR] Duration: 5:09 minutes [PAR] By Lillian on January 14, 2010 [PAR] Verified Purchase [PAR] One person found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again [PAR] By Boeing 707 on June 22, 2016 [PAR] Verified Purchase [PAR] I love Barbra Streisand and that is a beautiful duet [PAR] Comment Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again [PAR] By Christine E. Lorenz on July 19, 2014 [PAR] Verified Purchase [PAR] Comment Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again [PAR] By Debbie on October 1, 2014 [PAR] Verified Purchase [PAR] Comment Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] December 21st \u2013 The first crossword puzzle is published ... December 21st \u2013 The first crossword puzzle is published | What Happened Today in History? [PAR] What Happened Today in History? [PAR] December 21st \u2013 The first crossword puzzle is published [PAR] The first crossword puzzle published, by Arthur Wynne on December 21st, 1913 [PAR] On this day in 1913, exactly one hundred years ago, the first crossword puzzle was published in the New York World. Though crosswords had been invented earlier in the 19th century, it was not until Arthur Wynne, an English journalist from Liverpool, published the crossword that this time-killer became popular worldwide. [PAR] Following the first publication of Wynne\u2019s crossword in 1913, the word puzzle quickly spread to other newspapers. Much like the Sudoku craze that took over in the mid-2000s (hard to believe it is only that old!), the crossword puzzle was an instant hit. Interestingly, in the 1920s there were negative reactions to the increased popularity of the crossword. Here are a few I found particularly interesting (taken from the Wikipedia article): [PAR] The New York Public Library (1921): \u201cThe latest craze to strike libraries is the crossword puzzle,\u201d and complained that when \u201cthe puzzle \u2018fans\u2019 swarm to the dictionaries and encyclopedias so as to drive away readers and students who need these books in their daily work, can there be any doubt of the Library\u2019s duty to protect its legitimate readers?\u201d [PAR] The New York Times (1924): \u201cA sinful waste in the utterly futile finding of words the letters of which will fit into a prearranged pattern, more or less complex. This is not a game at all, and it hardly can be called a sport\u2026 [solvers] get nothing out of it except a primitive form of mental exercise, and success or failure in any given attempt is equally irrelevant to mental development.\u201d [PAR] The New York Times would not print crosswords in its pages until 1942; ironically, the New York Times crossword is now one of the most played crosswords in America. [PAR] Crosswords have appeared in multiple languages since Wynne\u2019s 1913 crossword, including many European languages such as French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, German, and Russian. Japanese crosswords also exist, where instead of placing a letter in a box, a syllable is often placed (in katakana, one of the three written \u201calphabets\u201d in the Japanese language). [PAR] Related articles[DOC] [TLE] New York World | What Happened Today in History? New York World | What Happened Today in History? [PAR] What Happened Today in History? [PAR] Tag Archives: New York World [PAR] December 21, 2013 \u00b7 9:00 am [PAR] December 21st \u2013 The first crossword puzzle is published [PAR] The first crossword puzzle published, by Arthur Wynne on December 21st, 1913 [PAR] On this day in 1913, exactly one hundred years ago, the first crossword puzzle was published in the New York World. Though crosswords had been invented earlier in the 19th century, it was not until Arthur Wynne, an English journalist from Liverpool, published the crossword that this time-killer became popular worldwide. [PAR] Following the first publication of Wynne\u2019s crossword in 1913, the word puzzle quickly spread to other newspapers. Much like the Sudoku craze that took over in the mid-2000s (hard to believe it is only that old!), the crossword puzzle was an instant hit. Interestingly, in the 1920s there were negative reactions to the increased popularity of the crossword. Here are a few I found particularly interesting (taken from the Wikipedia article): [PAR] The New York Public Library (1921): \u201cThe latest craze to strike libraries is the crossword"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about One Sweet Day, 1995 singles, 1995 ... Learn and talk about One Sweet Day, 1995 singles, 1995 songs, Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles, Billboard Adult Top 40 number-one singles [PAR] \"I Remember\" [PAR] (1995) [PAR] \"One Sweet Day\" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey and R&B group Boyz II Men . The song was written by Carey, Walter Afanasieff and Boyz II Men: Wanya Morris , Shawn Stockman , Nathan Morris , and Michael McCary . \"One Sweet Day\" was produced by Carey and Afanasieff for her fifth studio album, Daydream , and was released as the album's second single on November 14, 1995 (1995-11-14). The song speaks about death of a loved one, how the protagonist took their presence for granted and misses them, and finally about seeing the person in heaven. Both Carey and Boyz II Men wrote the song about specific people in their lives, being inspired by sufferers of the AIDS epidemic, which was globally prevalent at that time. [PAR] \"One Sweet Day\" received widespread acclaim from critics, many of whom praised its lyrical content and vocals, as well as calling it a standout track from Daydream. It was ranked first in Rolling Stone 's reader's poll for the Best Collaboration of All Time. The song spent 16 weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, becoming the longest running number one song on the chart . Subsequently, \"One Sweet Day\" became the Billboard's most successful song of the 1990s, topping the Hot 100 decade-end chart. Internationally, the song topped the charts in Canada and New Zealand, and reached the top-ten in Australia, Belgium, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. [PAR] Carey performed \"One Sweet Day\" live alongside Boyz II Men at the 38th Grammy Awards ceremony, held on February 26, 1996. Additionally, the song was performed at Princess Diana 's memorial service in September 1997. \"One Sweet Day\" was part of the set list on several of Carey's succeeding tours, making its debut during the album's accompanying set of concerts, the Daydream World Tour . It is featured on her compilation albums, #1's (1998), Greatest Hits (2001), The Ballads (2008), and #1 to Infinity (2015). [PAR] The music video for \"One Sweet Day\" was filmed in February 1995, and features snippets of Carey and Boyz II Men in and around the studio, and recording the song. The busy schedule of both Carey and Boyz II Men did not allow time to record a proper video. The singer later said that she was content a real music video was never filmed, fearing that no video could truly capture the song's strong lyrical message. Critics felt the video choice was wise, and agreed that the simple concept paid homage to the song's selfless message. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background[ edit ] [PAR] \"When I found out she had AIDS I cried for days. She really could never care for her son again, he now lives with my mother. This sad story made me care more about other children in need. To give them advice and see that they get a better life.\" [PAR] \u2014Carey, on her sister being diagnosed with HIV [1] [PAR] \"One Sweet Day\" was a song that Carey wrote with the R&B group Boyz II Men. After Carey's friend and past collaborator David Cole died, she began writing and developing a song that would pay homage to him and all the friends and family her fans had lost along the life's journey. [2] Carey had the idea and chorus composed ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home | Dallas Museum of Art Home | Dallas Museum of Art [PAR] E-Mail Sign-up [PAR] The Dallas Museum of Art is supported, in part, by the generosity of DMA Members and donors, the citizens of Dallas through the City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs, and the Texas Commission on the Arts. [PAR] All contents \u00a9 2017 Dallas Museum of Art. All rights reserved. Please note that any use of content downloaded or printed from this site is limited to non-commercial personal or educational use, including \u201cfair use\u201d as defined by U.S. copyright laws."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mets-Red Sox: The Story of the Ball That Got Through Billy ... Mets-Red Sox: The Story of the Ball That Got Through Billy Buckner's Legs | Bleacher Report [PAR] Mets-Red Sox: The Story of the Ball That Got Through Billy Buckner's Legs [PAR] By Ash Marshall , Senior Analyst [PAR] May 24, 2010 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse more stories [PAR] 1.7K [PAR] 21 [PAR] Comments [PAR] \"A little roller up along first...behind the bag. It gets through Buckner. Here comes Knight, and the Mets win it.\" [PAR] It's a call that Mets fans have heard hundreds of times, and it's a call that never, ever gets old. It's the same call that brings Red Sox fans close to tears, and it's the call that reinforced the Curse of the Bambino. [PAR] Mets fans of a certain age will tell you exactly where they were when Mookie Wilson's groundball down the line went between Billy Buckner's legs, and for people in New York, it is one of the most defining plays in the club's 48-year history. [PAR] ESPN voted it as the second most memorable moment of the last 25 years (losing out only to the 1980 Miracle on Ice victory in Lake Placid which topped the 100-strong list) and the Mets voted it as their No. 1 historic moment of all time. [PAR] Lost in the excitement of Ray Knight hopping and jumping towards home plate on that October night in 1986 was the ball that created history. As the fans celebrated and the Red Sox filed away, right field umpire Ed Montague snatched it up from the floor, took a pen, and marked a small 'X' near the seam. Who would have known that some 24 years later it would be on display for fans everywhere to enjoy. [PAR] The baseball that Mookie hit\u2014yes, the baseball\u2014is now on display in the New York Mets Hall of Fame and Museum, and I had the chance to speak with the owner of the famous ball, L.A.-based songwriter Seth Swirsky. [PAR] [PAR] \"It was picked up in the outfield by the right field umpire and he put an 'x' on it and gave it to the Mets traveling secretary Arthur Richman,\" Seth said. [PAR] \"Arthur then went into the clubhouse and gave it to Mookie and said 'This is the one' and Mookie kissed it, everybody kissed it, and there is a tobacco stain, and there was just this big celebration, and the Mookie wrote on it 'To Arthur, the ball won it for us.'\" [PAR] After holding onto the ball for several years, Richman eventually put it up for auction in 1992. [PAR] Tina Mannix, the senior director of marketing at the New York Mets, said: \"Arthur got the ball from one of the umpires and Mookie actually told me that Arthur called him to ask for his permission to sell it and give the money to charity. [PAR] [PAR] I had always heard, 'Grr Arthur Richman sold it.' I never knew that he had sold it for charity and I never knew that he had asked Mookie's permission to, which I think was great.\" [PAR] Just to be sure that the ball up for auction was the \u201cBuckner Ball\u201d\u2014as it came to be known\u2014Arthur also wrote a letter to verify the ball\u2019s authenticity. Dated May 26, 1992, he wrote: \u201cThis is the actual baseball, hit by Mookie Wilson, which went between Bill Buckner\u2019s legs in the 10th inning of Game 6 of the 1986 World Series between the New York Mets and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles W. Fairbanks - Vice President to President ... Charles W. Fairbanks - Vice President to President Theodore Roosevelt} [PAR] Charles W. Fairbanks [PAR] U.S. Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks [PAR] Be the first to review [PAR] Charles W. Fairbanks, a member of the Republican Party , took office as the 26th Vice President of the United States on March 4, 1905 at age 52. Fairbanks served as VP to President Theodore Roosevelt for 4 years through March 4, 1909. He was born in Union County, Ohio and received an education from Ohio Wesleyan University. [PAR] See all U.S. Vice Presidents [PAR] Write a Review"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The United States and the Founding of the United Nations ... The United States and the Founding of the United Nations, August 1941 - October 1945 [PAR] The United States and the Founding of the United Nations, August 1941 - October 1945 [PAR] [PAR] The impetus to establish the United Nations stemmed in large part from the inability of its predecessor, the League of Nations, to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War. Despite Germany\ufffds occupation of a number of European states, and the League\ufffds failure to stop other serious international transgressions in the 1930s, such as Japan\ufffds invasion of Manchuria, many international leaders remained committed to the League\ufffds ideals. Once World War II began, President Franklin D. Roosevelt determined that U.S. leadership was essential for the creation of another international organization aimed at preserving peace, and his administration engaged in international diplomacy in pursuit of that goal. He also worked to build domestic support for the concept of the United Nations. After Roosevelt\ufffds death, President Harry S Truman also assumed the important task of maintaining support for the United Nations and worked through complicated international problems, particularly with the Soviet Union, to make the founding of the new organization possible. After nearly four years of planning, the international community finally established the United Nations in the spring of 1945. [PAR] [PAR] Origins of the United Nations [PAR] [PAR] The concept of creating a global organization of member states dedicated to preserving international peace through collective security increased in popularity during World War I. The bloodshed of the \ufffdGreat War\ufffd persuaded President Woodrow Wilson, and a number of other American and international leaders, to seek the creation of an international forum in which conflicts could be resolved peacefully. The 1919 Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, which Wilson negotiated on behalf of the United States, contained a framework for a League of Nations, intended to maintain peace and stability. However, despite Wilson\ufffds efforts to gain the domestic support of political leaders and the American public, he was unable to convince the United States Senate to approve U.S. membership in the League. This was due to strong isolationist sentiment and partisan conflicts, stemming in part from his failure to include any prominent Republicans in the peace negotiations. The League\ufffds opponents criticized it as a threat to American sovereignty and security, and objected most stridently to Article Ten of the League Charter, which committed member states to protect the territorial integrity of all other member states against external aggression. Many American lawmakers argued that Article Ten might obligate the United States to take part in wars in defense of dubious, often contested, colonial boundaries. After considering membership in the League with reservations, the Senate ultimately prevented the United States from joining the League. The absence of the United States weakened the League, which was also hindered in its efforts to resolve disputes by the widespread economic crises of the 1930s, its inability to compel states to abide by its decisions, and its requirement that many decisions--including those involving a response to aggression--be decided unanimously. The fact that member states involved in a dispute were granted a seat on the League\ufffds Council, thereby allowing them to prevent unanimous action, meant that the League eventually resorted to expelling aggressor states such as Japan and Italy, with little effect. [PAR] [PAR] Proposing the United Nations Concept [PAR] [PAR] President Roosevelt recognized the inherent weaknesses of the League of Nations, but faced with the reality of another world war, also saw the value of planning for the creation of an international"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alaska Highway: Alcan Highway Campgrounds Alaska.com Alaska Highway: Alcan Highway Campgrounds Alaska.com [PAR] Updated for the 2016 camping seasons. While not an all inclusive list of Alaska Highway RV Parks and Campgrounds our selection is growing and up to date on who is and who is not open for the 2016 camping season. [PAR] Getting to the Alaska Highway! [PAR] If driving to Alaska from the lower 48 states, prepare for many miles of heavy equipment and construction through Northern B.C. as the oil and natural gas development and exploration along the Alaska Highway and the Northern Gateway oil pipeline along the Yellowhead Highway are in full swing. This construction is causing some traffic problems for tourists and dusty driving conditions for hundreds of miles. Prepare for a longer than normal trip if taking the Alaska Highway this summer. Turning off in Prince George and heading west on the Yellowhead Highway takes you to the Cassiar Highway, one of the scenic alternative routes worth contemplating. Additionally, taking the Alaska Ferry from Prince Rupert to Haines is really a great choice to consider. The costs are about the same but the experience is exceptional and very relaxing. [PAR] Alaska Highway [PAR] Then and Now: Where is the Alaska Highway? [PAR] Driving the Alaska Highway in a Motorhome via the Alaska Highway, also known as the Alaska Canada Highway, and the Alcan Highway, begins at the monument marking Mile zero in the center of Dawson Creek, BC. At this point, the road leads north to Alaska through some extremely scenic locations like Stone Mountain Provincial Park , Muncho Lake , Rancheria Falls , Teslin, Whitehorse, Kluane Provincial Park and many others you will encounter along this northern journey. [PAR] Historic Locations Along The Way [PAR] The road was originally built mostly by the US Army as a supply route during World War II. Crews worked from both ends and met at the historic linkup point of Contact Creek located at Milepost 588 of the Alaska Highway . [PAR] Campgrounds on Alaska Highway [PAR] There are plenty of camping opportunities available along the Alaska Highway and many of these offer some unique camping experiences worthy of a multiple day stay. While we have not stayed at every one of the campgrounds on Alaska Highway we have visited a large number and must say our list of places to return to has continued to grow and grow. Be sure to read over these pages beginning at mile \"0\" in Dawson Creek B.C. [PAR] See Campgrounds along the Alaska Highway as well as the page about Camping Along the Alaska Highway which discusses Boondocking vs Alaska Highway RV Parks. [PAR] Drive The Alaska Highway [PAR] If you're planning to drive up the world famous Alcan Highway you're in for some history. This page begins as you are entering Alaska. As you cross the US/Canada border into Alaska you will find your first Alaskan gas station waiting to serve your fuel and vehicle needs. Prices at the gas station located on the left hand hand side tend to be considerably less than in Canada and there is also a nice campground is located on the property plus a small restaurant with a gift shop attached. [PAR] Also See Alaska Highway Gas Stations [PAR] Gas prices along the Alaska Highway have been pretty high compared to stateside prices and while you will be getting a reprieve in Alaska, gas prices in Alaska will be higher than what you find in the lower 48 states. Typically the prices here at the border are just a nickel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buster Keaton - Biography - IMDb Buster Keaton - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Buster Keaton [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 107 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (52) | Personal Quotes (25) | Salary (16) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 5\" (1.65 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] When at six months of age he tumbled down a flight of stairs unharmed, he was given the name \"Buster\" by Harry Houdini who, along with W.C. Fields , Bill Robinson (\"Bojangles\"), Eddie Cantor and Al Jolson shared headlines with \"The Three Keatons\": Buster, his father Joe Keaton and mother Myra Keaton . Their act, one of the most dangerous in vaudeville, was about how to discipline a prankster child. Buster was thrown all over the stage and even into the audience. No matter what the stunt, he was poker-faced. By the time Buster turned 21, however, his father was such a severe alcoholic that the stunts became too dangerous to perform and the act dissolved. He first saw a movie studio in March 1917 and, on April 23, his debut film, Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle 's The Butcher Boy (1917), was released. He stayed with Fatty through 15 two-reelers, even though he was offered much more to sign with Fox or Warner Bros. after returning from ten months with the U.S. Army (40th Infantry Division) in France. His first full-length feature, The Saphead (1920), established him as a star in his own right. By the middle of 1921 he had his own production company--Buster Keaton Productions--and was writing, directing and starring in his own films. With a small and close team around him, Keaton created some of the most beautiful and imaginative films of the silent era. The General (1926), his favorite, was one of the last films over which he had artistic control. In 1928 he reluctantly signed with MGM after his contract with independent producer Joseph M. Schenck expired. MGM quickly began to enforce its rigid, mechanized style of filmmaking on Keaton, swamping him with gag writers and scripts. He fought against it for a time, and the compromise was initially fruitful, his first film for MGM-- The Cameraman (1928)--being one of his finest. However,with his creativity becoming increasingly stifled he began to drink excessively, despondent at having to perform material that was beneath him. Ironically, his films around 1930 were his most successful to date in terms of box-office receipts, which confirmed to MGM that its formula was right. His drinking led to a disregard for schedules and erratic behavior on the MGM lot, and a disastrous confrontation with Louis B. Mayer resulted in him being fired. The diplomatic producer Irving Thalberg attempted to smooth things over but Keaton was past caring. By 1932 he was a divorced alcoholic, getting work where he could, mostly in short comedies. In 1935 he entered a mental hospital. MGM rehired him in 1937 as a $100-a-week gag writer (his salary ten years before was more than ten times this amount). The occasional film was a boost to this steady income. In 1947 his career rebounded with a live appearance at Cirque Medrano in Paris. In 1952 James Mason , who then owned Keaton's Hollywood mansion, found a secret store of presumably lost nitrate stock of many of Buster's early films; film historian and archivist Raymond Rohauer began a serious collection/preservation of Buster's work. In 1957 Buster appeared with Charles Chaplin in Limelight (1952) and his film biography, The Buster Keaton Story (1957), was released. Two years later"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ... ~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri\" Gregory XVII~ [PAR] Links [PAR] THE SIRI THESIS (FACT): [PAR] A Cardinal on the Move: picture of His Eminence, Giuseppe Cardinal Siri of Genoa, Italy, at the Ospedale Galliera [PAR] (a Hospital in Genoa of which he was the President) approximately one year before he was elected the Pope [PAR] of the Catholic Church on October 26, 1958 A.D., (and) chose the name Gregorius XVII [PAR] \"Father, the Blessed Virgin is very sad because no one heeds her message; neither the good nor the bad. The good continue on with their life of virtue and apostolate, but they do not unite their lives to the message of Fatima. Sinners keep following the road of evil because they do not see the terrible chastisement about to befall them. Believe me, Father, God is going to punish the world [PAR] and very soon. The chastisement of heaven is imminent. In less than two years, 1960 will be here and the chastisement of heaven will come and it will be very great. Tell souls to fear not only the material punishment that will befall us if we do not pray and do penance but most of all the souls who will go to hell.\" (-Exact words of Sister Lucy (visionary at Fatima) in an interview with Father Augustin Fuentes on December 26, 1957 A.D., giving clear forewarning that the imminent chastisement of heaven [PAR] for man's sins, would unmistakably occur before 1960 A.D.) [PAR] Forward [PAR] The Siri \"Thesis\" (FACT) holds that actually Cardinal Giuseppe Siri was elected Pope, after the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, but the newly-elected Pope (Gregory XVII, formerly Cardinal Siri) was *put under grave duress, threatened- prevented from taking the Papal Chair (i.e. publically proclaiming His Pontificacy) and replaced by Angelo Roncalli (John XXIII). There is evidence that in 1958, during the Conclave, the enemies of the Church were threatening \"Siri\" with mass destruction if he took the Chair of Peter (i.e. as stated \"Cardinal Siri\" after being canonically elected, accepted the papacy and chose the name Gregory XVII - the 5th column enemies within the Conclave walls themselves, then used ferocious and vicious, real threats against Pope Gregory XVII, if he publically were to announce he was the True Pope.) Pursuant to this thesis, all of the apparent 'popes' after Pope Pius XII were/are imposters (Anti-popes), as \"Siri\" was the true Pope. [PAR] *\"Resignation is invalid by law if it was made out of grave fear unjustly inflicted, fraud, substantial error, or simony\" (1917 Code of Canon Law, Canon 185). [PAR] \"Siri\" (a.k.a. Pope Gregory XVII) expired on May 2, 1989 A.D., and is said to have passed on the true pontificate to an as yet unknown successor, who will emerge in due time after the eclipse of the Church predicted at LaSalette has come to an end. It was a suppressed pontificate in the person of Cardinal Joseph Siri of Genoa, who was canonically elected in 1958, but immediately overthrown, and was intimidated into keeping silent about his status (as were his cardinals) for 31 years. [PAR] The Pious Shepherdess Melanie Calvat, Seer at La Salette, France (c. 1846 A.D.) [PAR] \"The Church will be eclipsed. At first, we will not know which is the true pope.\" -Melanie Calvat [PAR] For, in commenting on this part of the secret, Melanie said to the French Abbot Combe, \"The Church will be eclipsed. At first, we will not know which is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com Warner Brothers Records Story [PAR] Warner Brothers Records Story [PAR] By David Edwards, Patrice Eyries, and Mike Callahan [PAR] Last update: April 23, 2004 [PAR] Warner Brothers, as a company, goes back to 1918, when four brothers (Jack, Albert, Harry, and Samuel Warner) opened their first Warner Brothers studio. They incorporated as a production and distribution entity five years later under the name Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc. In 1944, they purchased Leon Schlesinger's cartoon studio, Looney Tunes, and became the owners of Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, and the rest. The Warner Brothers animation division then churned out high quality cartoons, comic books, and shorts for decades, until it was closed in 1963. Meanwhile, Warner Brothers continued to be one of the big Hollywood players in the movie industry. [PAR] Following the lead of MGM, who started a record label in the late 1940s, and Paramount, who established ABC-Paramount in 1957, Warner Brothers formed its own Warner Brothers Records as a division of Warner Brothers Studios on March 19, 1958. The office was located above the film studio's machine shop at 3701 Warner Blvd. in Burbank, California. The President of the label was James B. Conklin. Directors of A&R were Harris Ashburn, George Avakian and Bob Prince. The Warner Brothers label initially recorded pop, jazz, classical, spoken word, folk and gospel. [PAR] Over the years, it had not bothered Warner Brothers too much that they didn't have a record company, but it was in early 1957, when Randy Wood's Dot Records signed Warners' movie star Tab Hunter to a recording contract, that the Warner Brothers brass started seeing red. Wood could sign Hunter because although his Warner Brothers contract was exclusive, Warners had no record label. In fact, the timing of when Warner Brothers started their record label was very much linked to their getting their star's recording contract away from Dot. Hunter, who by his own admission could barely sing at all, was coached by Wood to make a few passable records which were major hits in 1957, while Warners steamed. When Warner Brothers finally got their record label off the ground in 1958, they reclaimed Tab Hunter, who made several albums for the label and had a few singles in the mid-ranges of the charts, although nothing like the success he had had with Dot. In fact, Tab Hunter's \"Jealous Heart\" [WB 5008], which only made #62 on the charts, was the only chart record Warner Brothers had during its first year, 1958. [PAR] Initially, Warner Brothers ignored most of the teenage rock and roll or pop artists, and were focusing on the adult \"popular\" record market, which was still regarded as the main outlet for albums. By 1959, they were floundering, becoming known as a \"piano album record company,\" desperately needing to do something to survive. First, they tried looking younger by cashing in with albums by the younger members of Warner Brothers television shows. Ed \"Kookie\" Burns (\"Kookie Kookie (Lend Me Your Comb)\" [WB 5047, #4] and \"Like I Love You\" [WB 5087, #42]) and Roger Smith (\"Beach Time\" [WB 5068, #64]) from the popular television series 77 Sunset Strip had single hits and albums released. The album 77 Sunset Strip by Don Ralke also provided their first album charter, making #3 and spawning a well-known single of the same name [WB 5025, #69]. Unfortunately, it was the only album which charted for Warner Brothers in 1959. Connie Stevens, who played Cricket on Hawaiian Eye, later had several albums for the label (and was heard as Kookie's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] His Way : Kitty Kelley : 9780553265156 - The Book Depository His Way : Kitty Kelley : 9780553265156 [PAR] 9780553265156 [PAR] Biography: Arts & Entertainment [PAR] About Kitty Kelley [PAR] Kitty Kelley is a journalist who has written for \"The Washington Post, The New York Times, Newsweek, Good Housekeeping \"and more. She is the bestselling author of \"Jackie Oh!; Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star; Nancy Reagan: The Unauthorized Biography; The Royals; \"and \"The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty \"and has an upcoming biography of Oprah Winfrey (Crown, 2010). \"From the Trade Paperback edition.\" show more [PAR] Review quote [PAR] \"The most eye-opening celebrity biography of our time.\" -William Safire, \"The New York Times\" \"A compelling page-turner...Kitty Kelley's book has made all future Sinatra biographies virtually redundant.\" --\"Los Angeles Herald-Examiner\" show more [PAR] Flap copy [PAR] This is the book Frank Sinatra failed to stop, the unauthorized biography of one of the most elusive public figures of our time. Celebrated journalist Kitty Kelley spent three years researching government documents (Mafia-related material, wiretaps and secret testimony) and interviewing more than 800 people in Sinatra's life (family, colleagues, law-enforcement officers, personal friends). Fully documented, highly detailed and filled with revealing anecdotes, here is the penetrating story of the explosively controversial and undeniably multi-talented legend who ruled the entertainment industry for more than fifty years. show more [PAR] Follow us"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Julie Christie - Biography - IMDb Julie Christie - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Julie Christie [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 110 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (67) | Personal Quotes (28) | Salary (6) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 3\" (1.6 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Julie Christie, the British movie legend whom Al Pacino called \"the most poetic of all actresses\", was born in Chukua, Assam, India, on April 14, 1941, the daughter of a tea planter, Frank St. John Christie, and his wife, Rosemary (Ramsden), who was a painter. Her family was of English, and some Scottish, origin. The young Christie grew up on her father's tea plantation before being sent to England for her education. Finishing her studies in Paris, where she had moved to improve her French with an eye to possibly becoming a linguist (she is fluent in French and Italian), the teenager became enamored of the freedom of the Continent. She also was smitten by the bohemian life of artists and planned on becoming an artist before she enrolled in London's Central School of Speech Training. She made her debut as a professional in 1957 as a member of the Frinton Repertory of Essex. [PAR] Christie was not fond of the stage, even though it allowed her to travel, including a professional gig in the United States. Her true m\u00e9tier as an actress was film, and she made her screen debut in the science-fiction television serial A for Andromeda (1961) in 1961. Her first film role was as the unlikely fianc\u00e9 of Leslie Phillips in the Ealing-like comedy Crooks Anonymous (1962), which was followed up by an ing\u00e9nue role in another comedy, The Fast Lady (1962). The producers of the \"James Bond\" series were sufficiently intrigued by the young actress to consider her for the role that subsequently went to Ursula Andress in Dr. No (1962), but dropped the idea because she was not busty enough. [PAR] Christie first worked with the man who would kick her career into high gear, director John Schlesinger , when he choose her as a replacement for the actress originally cast in Billy Liar (1963). Christie's turn in the film as the free-wheeling \"Liz\" was a stunner, and she had her first taste of becoming a symbol if not icon of the new British cinema. Her screen presence was such that the great John Ford cast her as the Irish prostitute, Daisy Battles, in Young Cassidy (1965). Charlton Heston wanted her for his film The War Lord (1965), but the studio refused her salary demands. [PAR] Although Amercan magazines portrayed Christie as a \"newcomer\" when she made her breakthrough to super-stardom in Schlesinger's seminal Swinging Sixties film Darling (1965), she actually had considerable work under her professional belt and was in the process of a artistic quickening. Schlesinger called on Christie, whom he adored, to play the role of mode \"Diana Scott\" when the casting of Shirley MacLaine fell through. (MacLaine was the sister of the man who would become Christie's long-time paramour in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Warren Beatty , whom some, like actor Rod Steiger , believe she gave up her career for. Her Doctor Zhivago (1965) co-star, Steiger -- a keen student of acting -- regretted that Christie did not give more of herself to her craft). [PAR] As played by Christie, Diana is an amoral social butterfly who undergoes a metamorphosis from immature sex kitten to jaded socialite. For her complex performance, Christie won raves,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Katzenjammer Kids - Comics Kingdom Katzenjammer Kids by Hy Eisman - Katzenjammer Kids Comic Strip | Comics Kingdom [PAR] About this Comic The Authors The Characters [PAR] Rudolph Dirks created The Katzenjammer Kids in 1897 for the American Humorist, the famed Sunday supplement of the New York Journal. Inspired in part by \"Max Und Moritz,\" the famous German children's stories of the 1860s, The Katzenjammer Kids featured the adventures of Hans and Fritz, twins and fellow warriors in the battle against any form of authority. \"The Katzies\" rebelled against Mama (their own mother, of course), der Captain (the shipwrecked sailor who acted as their surrogate father) and der Inspector (dreaded representative of the school authorities). [PAR] The oldest comic strip still in syndication, The Katzenjammer Kids was adapted to the stage in 1903 and inspired countless animated cartoons. The U.S. Postal Service also saluted the Katzies with a commemorative stamp. [PAR] Hy Eisman [PAR] Hy Eisman was born March 27, 1927, in Paterson, N.J. He began his career when he created a comic strip for his high school newspaper. After a brief stint in the military, Eisman worked as ghost artist for the popular Kerry Drake comic strip. [PAR] He soon turned his pen to the comic-book industry, drawing for various publishers of such titles as Nancy, The Munsters, Tom and Jerry and Little Lulu. Eisman's career as a cartoonist took off in 1967, when he started to draw Little Iodine. He really brought the adventures of the bratty, pony-tailed Iodine to life. [PAR] He left that strip in 1986 to chronicle the adventures of those two more-famous brats, The Katzenjammer Kids, the world's oldest continuing comic strip. In 1994, Eisman added another comic legend to his repertoire when he started drawing the Sunday Popeye strip, which stars Popeye, the salty sailor man, and his crew of lovable co-stars: Olive Oyl, Swee' Pea, Wimpy and Bluto, all of whom were created by E.C. Segar for his comic strip Thimble Theatre in 1919. Popeye made his first appearance in 1929. He was an instant sensation who would go on to star in hundreds of cartoons, comic books, his own radio show and even a live-action feature film starring Robin Williams. King Features Syndicate distributes Popeye to newspapers worldwide. [PAR] Eisman received the Comic Book Humor Award from the National Cartoonists Society in 1975 and 1984. He lives in New Jersey and is an instructor at the Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art in Dover, N.J. [PAR] Hans and Fritz Katzenjammer [PAR] The Katzies, as they are often called, are born troublemakers. Their neat clothes and innocent faces conceal their deep-seated ability to do mischief. These two juvenile anti-heroes were the original troublesome twosome. Katzenjammer in German literally means \"the howling of cats,\" and it is also German slang for a hangover. A hangover would be a pleasure compared to the dire antics of Hans and Fritz, who play tricks on neighbors, pets, tradesmen, and any other available target, including their own mother. [PAR] Mama [PAR] Apparently a widow, this stay-at-home mom tries, vainly sometimes, to turn a blind eye to her mischievous offspring's brazen antics and blatant disregard for authority. [PAR] Der Captain and Der Inspector [PAR] Der Captain is actually a boarder in the Katzenjammer household, and the perpetual butt of Hans and Fritz' pranks. Der Inspector is the local truant officer, but he seldom catches the ever-inventive brotherly twosome. All too often the grownups' plans to turn the tables on these two devilish kids come back to haunt them."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shelley Fabares - Johnny Angel - Amazon.com Music Shelley Fabares - Johnny Angel - Amazon.com Music [PAR] Shelley Fabares [PAR] Audio CD, July 19, 2005 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] $5.99 & FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details Only 12 left in stock (more on the way). Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Gift-wrap available. [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] One of these items ships sooner than the other. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Johnny Angel by Shelley Fabares Audio CD $5.99 [PAR] Only 12 left in stock (more on the way). [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Your cost could be $0.00 instead of $5.99! Get a $50 Amazon.com Gift Card instantly upon approval for the Amazon Rewards Visa Card Apply now [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Includes Johnny Angel; Bye Bye Birdie; Johnny Loves Me; I'm Growing Up; Telephone (Won't You Ring), and more. [PAR] Track Listings [PAR] 5. Ronnie Call Me When You Get A Chance [PAR] 6. I Left A Note To Say Goodbye [PAR] 7. Welcome Home [PAR] 8. Telephone (Won't You Ring) [PAR] 9. Football Season's Over [PAR] Audio CD (July 19, 2005) [PAR] Original Release Date: July 19, 2005 [PAR] Number of Discs: 1 [PAR] By Jay on July 1, 2010 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] If you are a fan of Shelley Fabares and love listening to the girl singers from the late 50s early 60s you will really enjoy listening to this cd. Johnny Angel has always been my all time favorite song and I have always thought that Shelley had a beautiful singing voice. These songs have an innocence and charm to them that made this music very pleasant and relaxing to listen to. I love listening to all these songs and hearing this music makes me feel very happy. I love also listening to the other girl singers from that same time period- Connie Francis - Annette - Brenda Lee - Connie Stevens - Lesley Gore . You will be very happy to have this cd in your collection. By the way I am 51 years old and I am a child of the 60s and a teenager of the 70s - so I discovered this music in 1976 when I was 17. At that time no one my age was listening to this music or even heard of it. After listening to this music for 34 years it still gives me so much pleasure to hear it. If anyone would like to comment on my review I look forward to hearing from you. Jay[DOC] [TLE] The Official 60's Site-Teen Idols of the 50s and 60s The Official 60's Site-Teen Idols of the 50s and 60s [PAR] [PAR] Teen Idols of the 50s and 60s [PAR] (To listen to the music from these teen idols go to the link at the bottom of this page) [PAR] The 50s and the 60s had its share of teen idols and teen queens. I have selected what I feel were not only themost influential doing these decades but the most memorable. Not shown"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ... Vietnam [PAR] Send me a copy [PAR] Subject: [PAR] Email addresses provided here will be used solely to email the link indicated. They will not be saved, shared, or used again in any manner whatsoever. [PAR] The CAPTCHA code you entered is not valid, please reenter the CAPTCHA code [PAR] Vietnam [PAR] Official Name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam [PAR] Last Updated: October 28, 2016 [PAR] Embassy Messages [PAR] One page required for entry stamp [PAR] TOURIST VISA REQUIRED: [PAR] None [PAR] CURRENCY RESTRICTIONS FOR ENTRY: [PAR] No. However, Vietnamese Dong in excess of VND 150,000,000 or foreign currency in excess of 5,000 U.S. dollars or equivalent must be declared. [PAR] CURRENCY RESTRICTIONS FOR EXIT: [PAR] No. However, Vietnamese Dong in excess of VND 150,000,000 or foreign currency in excess of 5,000 U.S. dollars or equivalent must be declared. [PAR] Expand All [PAR] Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(84) (4) 3850-5000 or (04) 3850-5000/3850-5105 [PAR] Fax: +(84) (4) 3850-5010 [PAR] 4 Le Duan, District 1 [PAR] Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam [PAR] Telephone: +(84) (8) 3520-4200 [PAR] Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(84) (8) 3520-4200 [PAR] Fax: +(84) (8) 3520-4244 [PAR] Inquiries: http://hochiminh.usconsulate.gov/contact_acs.html [PAR] Destination Description [PAR] Tourist facilities can be basic in rural areas but are increasingly well established in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and some beach and mountain resorts. Read the Department of State Fact Sheet on Vietnam for additional information on U.S. - Vietnam relations. [PAR] Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements [PAR] Entry Requirements: You must have a valid passport and a visa (or pre-approval for a visa on arrival) to enter Vietnam. Your passport must be valid for six months beyond your planned stay and you must have at least one blank visa page. Visit the Embassy of Vietnam website for the most current information. If you arrive in Vietnam without an appropriate visa or pre-approval for a visa on arrival, you will be denied entry. [PAR] Visas: When you apply for your visa to enter Vietnam, be sure to request the visa category that corresponds to your purpose of travel. Please refer to Vietnam\u2019s Ministry of Foreign Affairs website for information detailing Visa Categories and Descriptions . If you plan to work in Vietnam, you must obtain a work permit before applying for your visa. If you change the purpose of your visit after you have received your visa, you must obtain a new visa outside of Vietnam appropriate for your new activities before beginning those activities. Please consult the Embassy of Vietnam website for more information. [PAR] If you plan to travel from Vietnam to Laos by land, you should request that an adhesive visa be affixed to your passport instead of a detachable one. Lao immigration officials require proof that travelers have departed Vietnam, something that can only be shown with an adhesive visa. Vietnamese officials remove detachable visas from passports when travelers depart Vietnam, leaving travelers with no proof of their Vietnam departure. This situation can result in Lao officials requiring travelers to return to Vietnam. [PAR] If your U.S. passport is lost or stolen in Vietnam, you will need both a replacement passport and a replacement Vietnamese visa in order to arrive AND depart Vietnam. The U.S. Embassy in Hanoi and Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City can usually issue you a limited validity replacement passport in as little as one business day for emergency purposes; however, the Vietnamese government requires three to five working days to issue a replacement visa. The U.S. Embassy and the Consulate General cannot expedite the replacement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Zemeckis - IMDb Robert Zemeckis - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Producer | Writer | Director [PAR] A whiz-kid with special effects, Robert is from the Spielberg camp of film-making ( Steven Spielberg produced many of his films). Usually working with writing partner Bob Gale , Robert's earlier films show he has a talent for zany comedy ( Romancing the Stone (1984), 1941 (1979)) and special effect vehicles ( Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) and Back to ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] What Makes the Golden Globe Awards So Entertaining? [PAR] IMDb Special Correspondent Dave Karger breaks down why the Golden Globes are so much more entertaining than other award shows. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 18 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 people [PAR] created 05 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 people [PAR] created 30 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 01 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 people [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Robert Zemeckis's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 33 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] The Ark (TV Series) (executive producer) ( announced ) [PAR] 2016 Allied (producer - produced by) [PAR] - Snap Ending (1997) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Panic (1997) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 1996 The Frighteners (executive producer) [PAR] 1995 W.E.I.R.D. World (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 1993 Johnny Bago (TV Series) (producer) [PAR] 1992 Trespass (executive producer) [PAR] 1992 Two-Fisted Tales (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 1984 Used Cars (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1980 Used Cars (written by) [PAR] 1979 1941 (screenplay) / (story) [PAR] 1972 The Lift (Short) (written by) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1991 Make It Happen (Video short) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2003 Idle (Short) (project mentor) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2016 The Amazing Walk (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2016 The Walk: Pillars of Support (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 Le grand journal de Canal+ (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2013 Cinema 3 (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2012 Piers Morgan Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2012 Good Morning America (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 1994-2012 Charlie Rose (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2012 The Hour (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2011 Ace of Cakes (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 Tales from the Future (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 Beowulf: Mapping the Journey (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself (uncredited) [PAR] 2008 Creating the Ultimate Beowulf (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 The Art of Beowulf (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 The Origins of Beowulf (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 Biography (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 4Pop (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1997-2004 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2001 The Island (Video short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2001 The Making of 'Cast Away' (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1997 The Directors (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1997 Mundo VIP (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1997 Bl!tz (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1991 The Media Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1989 First Works (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1987 Citizen Steve (Documentary short) [PAR] Himself - Writer [PAR] 2015 Some Jerk"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents [PAR] The Death of Che Guevara: Declassified [PAR] By Peter Kornbluh [PAR] National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 5 [PAR] For more information contact: [PAR] Peter Kornbluh 202/994-7000 or nsarchiv@gwu.edu [PAR] Washington, D.C. \u2013 On October 9th, 1967, Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara was put to death by Bolivian soldiers, trained, equipped and guided by U.S. Green Beret and CIA operatives. His execution remains a historic and controversial event; and thirty years later, the circumstances of his guerrilla foray into Bolivia, his capture, killing, and burial are still the subject of intense public interest and discussion around the world. [PAR] As part of the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Che Guevara, the National Security Archive's Cuba Documentation Project is posting a selection of key CIA, State Department, and Pentagon documentation relating to Guevara and his death. This electronic documents book is compiled from declassified records obtained by the National Security Archive, and by authors of two new books on Guevara: Jorge Casta\u00f1eda's Compa\u00f1ero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara (Knopf), and Henry Butterfield Ryan's The Fall of Che Guevara (Oxford University Press). The selected documents, presented in order of the events they depict, provide only a partial picture of U.S. intelligence and military assessments, reports and extensive operations to track and \"destroy\" Che Guevara's guerrillas in Bolivia; thousands of CIA and military records on Guevara remain classified. But they do offer significant and valuable information on the high-level U.S. interest in tracking his revolutionary activities, and U.S. and Bolivian actions leading up to his death. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS [PAR] CIA, The Fall of Che Guevara and the Changing Face of the Cuban Revolution, October 18, 1965 [PAR] This intelligence memorandum, written by a young CIA analyst, Brian Latell, presents an assessment that Guevara's preeminence as a leader of the Cuban revolution has waned, and his internal and international policies have been abandoned. In domestic policy, his economic strategy of rapid industrialization has \"brought the economy to its lowest point since Castro came to power,\" the paper argues. In foreign policy, he \"never wavered from his firm revolutionary stand, even as other Cuban leaders began to devote most of their attention to the internal problems of the revolution.\" With Guevara no longer in Cuba, the CIA's assessment concludes, \"there is no doubt that Castro's more cautious position on exporting revolution, as well as his different economic approach, led to Che's downfall.\" [PAR] [PAR] U.S. Army, Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Activation, Organization and Training of the 2d Battalion - Bolivian Army, April 28, 1967 [PAR] This memorandum of understanding, written by the head of the U.S. MILGP (Military Group) in Bolivia and signed by the commander of the Bolivian armed forces, created the Second Ranger Battalion to pursue Che Guevara's guerrilla band. The agreement specifies the mission of a sixteen-member Green Beret team of U.S. special forces, drawn from the 8th Special Forces division of the U.S. Army Forces at Southcom in Panama, to \"produce a rapid reaction force capable of counterinsurgency operations and skilled to the degree that four months of intensive training can be absorbed by the personnel presented by the Bolivian Armed Forces.\" In October, the 2nd Battalion, aided by U.S. military and CIA personnel, did engage and capture Che Guevara's small band of rebels. [PAR] [PAR] White House Memorandum, May 11, 1967 [PAR] This short memo to President Lyndon Johnson records U.S. efforts to track Guevara's movements, and keep the President informed of his whereabouts. Written"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him ... Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him' - Entertainment - Daytona Beach News-Journal Online - Daytona Beach, FL [PAR] Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him' [PAR] Wednesday [PAR] Apr 13, 2016 at 12:46 PM Apr 13, 2016 at 12:47 PM [PAR] By MIKE CIDONI LENNOXAP Entertainment Writer [PAR] LOS ANGELES \u2014\ufffdIt wasn't love but inertia that kept them together. [PAR] That's the essence of \"Toni Tennille: A Memoir\" (Taylor Trade Publishing), which details the relationship of Daryl \"the Captain\" Dragon and Toni Tennille, better known as `70s pop-music duo the Captain & Tennille. [PAR] They had a top-40 pop-chart run from 1975-1980 with hits including \"Love Will Keep Us Together\" and \"Do That to Me One More Time.\" There was a Grammy, a TV series, millions of album sales and a fan club. [PAR] Yet Toni Tennille says their marriage, which lasted from 1975 to 2013, was a flop. [PAR] \"I've never felt loved by him,\" Tennille, now 75, said in a phone interview from her home in Lake Mary, Florida. \"He just did not seem to be able to do that.\" (Dragon, in a written statement, declined a request for an interview.) [PAR] The couple met in 1972 near the end of the run of an ecological stage musical that Tennille had written. Dragon, who was called \"Captain of the Keyboards\" by the Beach Boys, was hired for the musical's band. [PAR] \"I loved him madly at the very beginning,\" she said. \"In my mind's eye, he was this one thing. But the truth was, he was this other thing that I would find out I would never, ever be able to change.\" [PAR] Tennille said Dragon's behavior over the years became increasingly eccentric, which slowly wore her down. He began to prefer the isolation of his bedroom, she said, and after he developed tremors, she eventually transitioned to full-time caretaker though she says he could have taken care of himself at that time. [PAR] So why did she stay? [PAR] \"I didn't want to let the fans down,\" she said. [PAR] Tennille filed for divorce in January 2014. She said the split was amicable. The couple, who co-own a music publishing company, talk about personal and professional matters weekly, she said. [PAR] Dragon, 73, lives in Prescott, Arizona, where he's doing OK physically and is getting full-time care at home, Tennille said. \"He has nothing that's life-threatening. He's probably going to outlive all of us. But it's sad to me when I think of what Daryl could have been, what more he could have contributed.\" [PAR] Tennille has family nearby in Florida. She gardens, she's a birder and, yes, she plays piano every once in a while but just for herself. [PAR] \"You know, they called Harper Lee a recluse,\" she said. \"But she wasn't. She had a life in her hometown with friends and family whom she loved and they loved her. And she was happy. And that's my dream: to have a quiet life. To be happy. To have a life like Harper Lee did.\" [PAR] About Us[DOC] [TLE] CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS | National Enquirer CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS | National Enquirer [PAR] CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS [PAR] Dec 18, 2014 @ 23:32PM [PAR] Dec 18, 2014 @ 23:32PM [PAR] Nearly a year after Toni Tennille filed for divorce from Daryl Dragon, her ailing and ex-hubby is entering a nursing home, sources told The National ENQUIRER. [PAR] The 72-year-old musician \u2013 famed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rhode Island Population demographics 2016, 2015 Rhode Island Population demographics 2016, 2015 [PAR] Population of 15 to 24 year olds: [PAR] 11,081 [PAR] Population of 25 to 34 year olds: [PAR] 21,658 [PAR] Population of 35 to 44 year olds: [PAR] 17,193 [PAR] Population of 45 to 54 year olds: [PAR] 26,359 [PAR] Population of 55 to 59 year olds: [PAR] 14,394 [PAR] Population of 60 to 64 year olds: [PAR] 13,895 [PAR] Population of 65 to 74 year olds: [PAR] 19,744 [PAR] Population of 75 to 84 year olds: [PAR] 18,128 [PAR] Population of 85 year olds and over: [PAR] 11,587 [PAR] Demographic population of homes with people 60 year olds and over [PAR] households in Rhode Island containing people over 60[DOC] [TLE] Rhode Island City & Town Resident Population - RI DLT Rhode Island City & Town Resident Population [PAR] Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training [PAR] Labor Market Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Oliver Reed [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 114 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (65) | Personal Quotes (35) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Oliver Reed was born on February 13, 1938 in Wimbledon, London, England as Robert Oliver Reed. He was an actor, known for Gladiator (2000), Oliver! (1968) and Tommy (1975). He was married to Josephine Burge and Kate Byrne. He died on May 2, 1999 in Valletta, Malta. [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Outspoken views a trademark especially his opinions of his co-stars or women in general. [PAR] Marvellous speaking voice [PAR] Often sported a thick handle-bar moustache [PAR] Ocean blue eyes [PAR] Trivia (65) [PAR] Shared the same dentist as horror star Christopher Lee [PAR] Needed 36 stitches to repair cuts on his face after a bar fight in 1963. The incident left him with a permanent scar, which he initially feared would put an end to his screen career. [PAR] He had two brothers. David Reed became his business manager and his half-brother Simon Reed became his press agent. [PAR] Nephew of the film director Sir Carol Reed , who directed him in one of his best roles, as the villainous Bill Sikes in Oliver! (1968). [PAR] Father of Mark Thurloe Reed (born January 21, 1961) with his first wife Kate Byrne and of Sarah Reed (born 1970) from his 12-year relationship to dancer Jacqueline Daryl . [PAR] He died of a heart attack in a bar after downing three bottles of Captain Morgan's Jamaica rum, eight bottles of German beer, numerous doubles of Famous Grouse whiskey and Hennessy cognac, and beating five much younger Royal Navy sailors at arm-wrestling. His bar bill for that final lunch time totaled 270 Maltese lira, almost \u00a3450, about $594.72. [PAR] He was severely injured and almost died during the filming of The Three Musketeers (1973) when he was stabbed in the throat during the windmill duel scene. [PAR] Grandson of actor-manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree , who founded the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1904. [PAR] His first job (at the age of 17) was as a bouncer at a Soho nightclub. [PAR] Was dyslexic. [PAR] Cousin of actress Tracy Reed and of the actor David Tree . [PAR] He was related by marriage to fellow actor Edward Fox , who was once married to his cousin, Tracy Reed , daughter of director Sir Carol Reed . [PAR] Narrowly missed out on playing superspy James Bond because of his love of alcohol and fighting. A new biography of the star uncovered a letter from Bond mastermind Albert R. Broccoli outlining how close he came to replacing Sean Connery in the role. Broccoli wrote, \"With Reed we would have had a far greater problem to destroy his image and re-mold him as James Bond. We just didn't have the time or money to do that.\" According to Cliff Goodwin , author of the book \"Evil Spirits\", \"Oliver was probably within a sliver of being cast as Bond.\" He adds, \"But by 1968 his affairs were public and he was already drinking and fighting - as far away from the refined Bond image as you could get.\". [PAR] By the mid-1970s he was considered by many to be Britain's biggest movie star. He declined roles in The Sting (1973) and Jaws (1975) because he didn't want to relocate to Los Angeles."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home | SANSA Home | SANSA [PAR] Why is SANSA your best option [PAR] for flying in Costa Rica? [PAR] SANSA is a domestic airline with world-class safety technology and the best operational safety standards. Our new fleet of Cessna Grand Caravans have the best safety technology, our pilots receive the best training in world-class simulators, also our completely renovated main hub is located at Juan Santamaria International Airport, our check in is easy and fast ,we only require 30 minutes.[DOC] [TLE] Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel [PAR] Vacation Packages Costa Rica & Nature Tours [PAR] The best Vacation Packages in Costa Rica & Vacation Packages with local experts. With Greenway Tours, you will get the professional advice of a Costa Rican team with many years experience in the travel industry and vacation packages design. We know our country and we can customize the best experience for you and your family and friends. Our Costa Rica Vacations has been specially designed for a complete experience in Costa Rica, including budget to luxury options, family and couples packages, honeymoons, adventure travel and relaxing experiences. We are completely sure that any of our Costa Rica Nature Tours and Vacation Packages will fit your expectations. [PAR] With more than 120 tours all around Costa Rica, we can guarantee a great time. From easy nature tours like visits to National Parks, relaxing catamaran boat tours or mangrove kayaking to more adventurous experiences like zip line canopy, waterfalls rappelling or ATV Offroad Rides. Greenway Nature Tours is your best option for any Costa Rica Nature Tours and Vacation Packages. [PAR] We have 15 years experience operating Costa Rica Nature Tours and Vacation Packages. Our company, Greenway Nature Tours, is excellently positioned to fulfill all your Costa Rica vacation needs with amazing nature and adventure tours, family vacation packages, shore excursions and more. [PAR] Our business is making your dreams of the ultimate Costa Rican rain forest come true. No other tour operator can offer you our personalized service, expertise, information quality and staff capability to organize tours and vacation packages in Costa Rica efficiently and safely \u2013 from coast to coast all to match your budget. [PAR] We are experts when it comes to Vacation Packages in Costa Rica & Nature Tours, Costa Rica Ecotourism , Costa Rica Transfer , Costa Rica Shore Excursion and Costa Rica Student Travel. Besides this, our company offers travel agency services including Sansa Airline tickets reservations , and Car Rental Reservations . [PAR] Contact us , and we will organize your trip of a lifetime. [PAR] Most Popular Packages"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harper Valley P.T.A. by Jeannie C. Riley Songfacts Harper Valley P.T.A. by Jeannie C. Riley Songfacts [PAR] Harper Valley P.T.A. by Jeannie C. Riley Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] The country singer Margie Singleton asked Tom T. Hall to write her a song similar to \" Ode To Billie Joe ,\" which she had covered the previous year. After driving past a school called Harpeth Valley Elementary School in Bellevue, Tennessee, he noted the name and wrote \"Harper Valley P.T.A.\" about a fictional confrontation between a young widow Stella Johnson and a local PTA group who objected to her manner of dress, social drinking, and friendliness with town's men folk. Jeannie C. Riley, who was working as a secretary in Nashville for Jerry Chesnut, got to hear the song and recorded it herself and it became a massive hit for her. [PAR] A \"PTA\" is a Parent Teacher Association. Popular in small towns of the United States, the organizations work to improve school conditions and encourage communication between parents and teachers. In some cases, the members of PTAs can be righteous and petty, and the characters in this song are depicted as such. The song struck a nerve with many women who felt some empathy with the character Stella Johnson. [PAR] Tom T. Hall is known as a Country music storyteller and he has racked up a number of solo hits, including 7 #1 Country singles. In 1974 he had a #12 pop hit in the States with \"I Love,\" a sentimental list of things he likes. He recalled to The Boot in a 2011 interview that the song was based on a true story. Said the songwriter: \"I chose the story to make a statement but I changed the names to protect the innocent. There were 10 kids in our family. We'd get up in the morning and my mother and father would get bored with us running around and we'd go terrorize the neighbors up and down this little road we lived on. After we had done our chores, of course. [PAR] I was just hanging around downtown when I was about nine years old and heard the story and got to know this lady. I was fascinated by her grit. To see this very insignificant, socially disenfranchised lady - a single mother - who was willing to march down to the local aristocracy and read them the riot act so to speak, was fascinating.\" [PAR] This won the 1968 Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Vocal Performance. It was also voted the Single of the Year by the Country Music Association. [PAR] This had the then biggest chart leap in American history, going from #81 to #7 in one week. [PAR] This topped both the Pop and Country charts in America, the first song by a female country artist to achieve this feat. [PAR] This proved to be Riley's only major Pop hit single, though she had further success on the Country charts. In the mid-'70s Riley became a Christian and began recording on the God's Country label. In 1981, she recorded the Gospel album From Harper Valley To The Mountain Top. Throughout the '80s and '90s, she continued to be a popular contemporary Christian recording and performing artist. [PAR] This hit inspired a 1978 film and a 1981 spin-off television series, both starring Barbara Eden playing Stella Johnson. [PAR] Tom T. Hall, who wrote this song, had planned a career as a journalist or novelist until the success of this song threw him into the spotlight. He told The Boot: \"That song was my"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis faithful can't visit site of his last No. 1 ... Elvis faithful can't visit site of his last No. 1 - USATODAY.com [PAR] Elvis faithful can't visit site of his last No. 1 [PAR] Posted [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] Handout [PAR] Elvis Presley's last No. 1 hit, \"Suspicious Minds,\" was recorded at American Sound Studio in Nashville, Tenn. The studio folded in 1972, and the building was later torn down. [PAR] MEMPHIS (AP) \u0097 Elvis Presley fans flocking to Memphis this weekend to remember the day he died are being encouraged to also celebrate the 40th anniversary of his final No. 1 hit single, \" Suspicious Minds .\" [PAR] While they can tour Graceland , the estate where he died 32 years ago, or Sun Studio , which helped make him the King of Rock 'n' Roll, the Elvis faithful can't see the place where that hit record was made. There's nothing left, not even a historical marker, to remind people of the sessions that produced the \"From Elvis in Memphis\" album. [PAR] MOVIE MARATHON: TCM honors Elvis [PAR] American Sound Studio folded in 1972 and the building was later torn down. In its place is a beauty shop and a crumbling parking lot. [PAR] \"I haven't been back there to see,\" said Chips Moman, who ran the studio and produced the 1969 Elvis sessions. \"I put it out of my mind.\" [PAR] But in 1969, American Sound Studio was at the top of its game, in the middle of a three-year span that would yield more than 100 hit records for artists that included B.J. Thomas, Neil Diamond and Dusty Springfield . [PAR] Presley, meanwhile, had spent much of the previous years filming and recording soundtracks to his largely forgettable movies. He hadn't recorded in Memphis since leaving the Sun label in 1955. [PAR] But he was also coming off the roaring success of his televised comeback special in December 1968 and proved willing to take some risks in hopes of charting his first No. 1 hit in six years. [PAR] \"All of us had always liked Elvis, his early stuff,\" Moman, 72, said in a telephone interview from his home in LaGrange, Ga. \"We didn't like all that movie stuff, so when we got our chance we wanted to cut some stuff that we liked.\" [PAR] Initially, it didn't appear Presley was going to want to move in a different direction. He arrived at the studio in January 1969 with his sizable entourage of friends and handlers, and some potential songs were presented to Moman and the band. [PAR] \"And of course all those guys were boogalooing to all those terrible songs,\" recalled Bobby Wood, 68, piano player for the 827 Thomas Street Band. \"And we were just standing around wondering, 'What in the world is going on here?\"' [PAR] Wood said he was approached by Elvis confidant George Klein and asked what he thought about the songs. He answered frankly that he thought \"they were a bunch of crap\" and was shocked when Klein carried that message back to Presley. [PAR] \"I didn't know whether Elvis was going to say 'Get out of here,' or what,\" Wood said. \"But he just started laughing, and he was laughing to the top of his voice. So I knew he was all right after that.\" [PAR] The entourage began melting away as Presley began to gel with Moman and the house band in overnight recording sessions. He agreed to record \"In the Ghetto,\" unusual in Elvis' repertoire for its social commentary on the cycle of crime and poverty,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonds test 10 the 20th century ch. 49-60 - Exam 1 ) Ruth ... Bonds test 10 the 20th century ch. 49-60 - Exam 1) Ruth Crawford was the [PAR] Bonds test 10 the 20th century ch. 49-60 [PAR] Bonds test 10 the 20th century ch. 49-60 - Exam 1) Ruth... [PAR] SCHOOL [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Exam \u2022 1 ) \u2022 Ruth Crawford was the first woman ever to be awarded a prestigious: (2.5pts) \u2022 Fibonacci Fellowship in numerical based composition. \u2022 Grammy Award in composition. \u2022 Guggenheim Fellowship in composition. \u2022 Emmy Award in performance. Answer : Corre ct Points: 2.5 \u2022 2 ) \u2022 Ruth Crawford was the mother of: (2.5pts) \u2022 Taylor Dane. \u2022 Bob Dylan. \u2022 Pete Seeger. \u2022 John Lennon. Answer : Corre ct Points: 2.5 \u2022 3 ) \u2022 William Grant Still's \"A Black Pierrot\" is based upon the poetry of: (2.5pts) \u2022 Robert Frost. \u2022 Langston Hughes. \u2022 Edgar Allen Poe. [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] \u2022 the unknown poet. Answer : Corre ct Points: 2.5 \u2022 4 ) \u2022 In \"Hoe-Down\" from Rodeo, Aaron Copland orchestrates his music in an extremely open fashion, which means he: (2.5pts) \u2022 composes in a public area where all can see him working. \u2022 uses the full range of registers from highest to lowest and leaves much space between groups. \u2022 leaves some parts unwritten and \"open\" for improvisation. \u2022 uses no cadences or final sounds, keeping the movements open for additions and improvements. Answer : Corre ct Points: 2.5 \u2022 5 ) \u2022 The American dancer who danced the role of the Cowgirl in the premiere of Copland's Rodeo in 1942 was: (2.5pts) \u2022 Agnes de Mille, who also choreographed this production and is one of the most influential figures in American ballet. \u2022 Martha Graham, who barely beat out her friend Agnes de Mille for the role. \u2022 Bob Fosse, who choreographed many Broadway shows won numerous awards throughout his career. \u2022 Ginger Rogers, who also danced in many classic American films with Gene Kelly and Fred Astaire. Answer Corre [PAR] : ct Points: 2.5 \u2022 6 ) \u2022 Aaron Copland received: (2.5pts) \u2022 The Congressional Gold Medal award in 1986. \u2022 no awards during his lifetime. \u2022 the modern ballet Composer d'excellence award immediately after the premiere of Rodeo. \u2022 [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ... Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey | PenguinRandomHouse.com [PAR] Add to Cart [PAR] About Riders of the Purple Sage [PAR] Told by a master storyteller who, according to critic Russell Nye, \u201ccombined adventure, action, violence, crisis, conflict, sentimentalism, and sex in an extremely shrewd mixture,\u201d Riders of the Purple Sage is a classic of the Western genre. It is the story of Lassiter, a gunslinging avenger in black, who shows up in a remote Utah town just in time to save the young and beautiful rancher Jane Withersteen from having to marry a Mormon elder against her will. Lassiter is on his own quest, one that ends when he discovers a secret grave on Jane\u2019s grounds. \u201c[Zane Grey\u2019s] popularity was neither accidental nor undeserved,\u201d wrote Nye. \u201cFew popular novelists have possessed such a grasp of what the public wanted and few have developed Grey\u2019s skill at supplying it.\u201d [PAR] About Riders of the Purple Sage [PAR] Told by a master storyteller who, according to critic Russell Nye, \u201ccombined adventure, action, violence, crisis, conflict, sentimentalism, and sex in an extremely shrewd mixture,\u201d Riders of the Purple Sage is a classic of the Western genre. It is the story of Lassiter, a gunslinging avenger in black, who shows up in a remote Utah town just in time to save the young and beautiful rancher Jane Withersteen from having to marry a Mormon elder against her will. Lassiter is on his own quest, one that ends when he discovers a secret grave on Jane\u2019s grounds. \u201c[Zane Grey\u2019s] popularity was neither accidental nor undeserved,\u201d wrote Nye. \u201cFew popular novelists have possessed such a grasp of what the public wanted and few have developed Grey\u2019s skill at supplying it.\u201d [PAR] Get the news you want from Penguin Random House [PAR] Praise [PAR] \u201c[Zane Grey is] an amazingly significant literary phenomenon.\u201d\u2014Hamlin Garland [PAR] About Zane Grey [PAR] Zane Grey was an American author best know for his influential work in the early days of the Western genre. [PAR] About Zane Grey [PAR] Zane Grey was an American author best know for his influential work in the early days of the Western genre. [PAR] Product Details"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] D.W. Griffith - Biography - IMDb D.W. Griffith - Biography - IMDb [PAR] D.W. Griffith [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 78 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (43) | Personal Quotes (18) | Salary (9) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] David Wark Griffith was born in rural Kentucky to Jacob \"Roaring Jake\" Griffith, a former Confederate Army colonel and Civil War hero. Young Griffith grew up with his father's romantic war stories and melodramatic nineteenth-century literature that were to eventually mold his black-and-white view of human existence and history. In 1897 Griffith set out to pursue a career both acting and writing for the theater, but for the most part was unsuccessful. Reluctantly, he agreed to act in the new motion picture medium for Edwin S. Porter at the Edison Company. Griffith was eventually offered a job at the financially struggling American Mutoscope & Biograph Co., where he directed over four hundred and fifty short films, experimenting with the story-telling techniques he would later perfect in his epic The Birth of a Nation (1915). [PAR] Griffith and his personal cinematographer G.W. Bitzer collaborated to create and perfect such cinematic devices as the flash-back, the iris shot, the mask and cross-cutting. In the years following \"Birth\", Griffith never again saw the same monumental success as his signature film and, in 1931, his increasing failures forced his retirement. Though hailed for his vision in narrative film-making, he was similarly criticized for his blatant racism. Griffith died in Los Angeles in 1948, one of the most dichotomous figures in film history. [PAR] His films depict the cruelty of humankind. [PAR] Trivia (43) [PAR] He has been called \"the father of film technique,\" \"the man who invented Hollywood,\" and \"the Shakespeare of the screen\". [PAR] In 1920, he established United Artists with Charles Chaplin , Douglas Fairbanks , Mary Pickford . [PAR] Interred at Mount Tabor Methodist Church Graveyard, Centerfield, Kentucky, USA. (30 mins North of Louisville). [PAR] In 1975, the U.S. Postal Service honored Griffith with a postage stamp. [PAR] 15 December 1999: Declaring that Griffith \"helped foster intolerable racial stereotypes,\" The Directors Guild of America's National Board - without membership consultation - announced it would rename the D.W. Griffith Award, the Guild's highest honor. First given in 1953, its recipients included Stanley Kubrick , David Lean , John Huston , Woody Allen , Akira Kurosawa , John Ford , Ingmar Bergman , Alfred Hitchcock , and Griffith's friend Cecil B. DeMille . [PAR] He produced and directed the first movie ever made in Hollywood, In Old California (1910) which was produced by the American Mutoscope & Biograph Co. which is still in existence today and the oldest movie company in America. The film was rediscovered by Biograph and shown on the 6th of May 2004 at the Beverly Hills Film Festival attended by the President of Biograph Company Thomas R. Bond II and Mikhail Vartanov . On the same day, a monument was erected near the site where the film was made (Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street. However, almost a year later in 2005, the 2.8 ton monument was stolen overnight, under mysterious circumstances and is no longer there, but was found almost one year after its disappearance near a garbage bin not far from where the monument stood on Vine Street in Hollywood. [PAR] His first sound film was Abraham Lincoln (1930). [PAR] He was said to be a imperious, humorless man. [PAR] Was voted the 15th Greatest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Happiness is a Warm Puppy (Peanuts): Charles M. Schulz ... Happiness is a Warm Puppy (Peanuts): Charles M. Schulz: 9781933662077: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Happiness is a Warm Puppy (Peanuts) [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Charles M. Schulz is a legend. He was the hand and heart behind fifty years of Peanuts, which featured one of the world\u2019s most beloved and recognizable casts of cartoon characters, until his death in 2000. [PAR] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . [PAR] New York Times best sellers [PAR] Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Publisher: Cider Mill Press; Gift edition (May 27, 2006) [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Product Dimensions: 5.5 x 0.6 x 5.5 inches [PAR] Shipping Weight: 8.8 ounces [PAR] Write a customer review [PAR] Top Customer Reviews [PAR] By Bobbie Redington on July 25, 2016 [PAR] Format: Hardcover Verified Purchase [PAR] Charlie Brown holds a special place in my heart as my Dad absolutely loved the cartoons and we never missed the television productions. He even nicknamed my brother Charlie Brown when he was little. My Dad has been gone for many years but I came across this book in an old second hand store and instantly thought to buy it for my Mom. The copy in the store was too damaged to be enjoyed so I purchased this used book online and was very pleased to receive a \"like new\" copy. We can all use a little more Happiness in our lives these days - I highly recommend this book!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Howard Hawks - IMDb Howard Hawks - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] a list of 40 people [PAR] created 09 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 31 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 13 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 people [PAR] created 16 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 09 Oct 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Howard Hawks's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] | Edit [PAR] Filmography [PAR] 1925 The Light of Western Stars (production manager - uncredited) [PAR] 1925 Adventure (production manager - uncredited) [PAR] 1924 Open All Night (production manager - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2014/II Dark Hearts (special thanks) [PAR] 2003 The Dreamers (acknowledgment: director of \"Scarface\" (1932) [PAR] 1980 Hollywood (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1977 Hollywood Greats (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1970 Plimpton! Shoot-Out at Rio Lobo (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1967 Cinema (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1925 1925 Studio Tour (Documentary short) [PAR] Himself - a Writer [PAR] 2009 1939: Hollywood's Greatest Year (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2001-2008 American Masters (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself / Himself - Interviewee [PAR] 2003 Cary Grant and Howard Hawks (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1993-2001 Biography (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1997 Howard Hawks: American Artist (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1967 The Great Professional: Howard Hawks (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] Personal Details [PAR] Other Works: [PAR] Story: \"The Chariot of the Gods\" (filmed as The Road to Glory (1926), The Road to Glory (1936)) See more \u00bb [PAR] Publicity Listings: [PAR] 4 Biographical Movies | 10 Print Biographies | 5 Portrayals | 6 Articles | 2 Pictorials | See more \u00bb [PAR] Height:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jazz Singer Movie - The First Talkie - About.com Education Jazz Singer Movie - The First Talkie [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] Updated November 22, 2015. [PAR] When The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson, was released as a feature-length movie on October 6, 1927, it was the first movie that included dialogue and music on the filmstrip itself. [PAR] Adding Sounds to Film [PAR] Before The Jazz Singer, there were silent films. Despite their name, these films were not silent for they were accompanied by music. Often, these films were accompanied by a live orchestra in the theater and from as early as 1900, films were often synchronized with musical scores that were played on amplified record players. [PAR] The technology advanced in the 1920s, when Bell Laboratories developed a way to allow an audio track to be placed on the film itself. This technology, called Vitaphone, was first used as a musical track in a film titled Don Juan in 1926. Although Don Juan had music and sound effects, there were no spoken words in the film. [PAR] Actors Talking on Film [PAR] When Sam Warner of the Warner Brothers planned The Jazz Singer, he anticipated that the film would use silent periods to tell the story and the Vitaphone technology would be used for the singing of music, just as the new technology had been used in Don Juan. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] However, during the filming of The Jazz Singer, superstar of the time Al Jolson ad-libbed dialogue in two different scenes and Warner liked the end result. [PAR] Thus, when The Jazz Singer was released on October 6, 1927 it became the first feature-length film (89 minutes long) to include dialogue on the filmstrip itself. The Jazz Singer made way for the future of \"talkies,\" which is what movies with audio soundtracks were called. [PAR] So What Did Al Jolson Actually Say? [PAR] The first words Jolson recites are: \u201cWait a minute! Wait a minute! You ain\u2019t heard nothin\u2019 yet!\u201d Jolson spoke 60 words in one scene and 294 words in another. [PAR] The rest of the film is silent, with words written on black, title cards just like in silent movies. The only sound (besides the few words by Jolson) are the songs. [PAR] The Storyline of the Jazz Singer [PAR] The Jazz Singer is a movie about Jakie Rabinowitz, the son of a Jewish cantor who wants to be a jazz singer but is pressured by his father to use his God-given voice to sing as a cantor. With five generations of Rabinowitz men as cantors, Jakie's father (played by Warner Oland) is adamant that Jakie has no choice in the matter. [PAR] Jakie, however, has other plans. After being caught singing \"raggy time songs\" at a beer garden, Cantor Rabinowitz gives Jakie a belt whipping. That's the last straw for Jakie; he runs away from home. [PAR] After setting off on his own, adult Jakie (played by Al Jolson) works hard to become a success in the field of jazz. He meets a girl, Mary Dale (played by May McAvoy), and she helps him improve his act. [PAR] As Jakie, now known as Jack Robin, becomes increasingly successful, he continues to crave the support and love of his family. His mother (played by Eugenie Besserer) supports him, but his father is disgusted that his son wants to be a jazz singer. [PAR] The climax of the movie revolves around a dilemma. Jakie must choose between starring in a Broadway show or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aalborg International Airport information. Flights and air ... Aalborg International Airport information. Flights and air companies flying to Aalborg International Airport in Aalborg, Denmark - Flight tickets, charter and private flights. - Flight tickets, charter and private flights - BulgariaFlights.com [PAR] Airports [PAR] Aalborg [PAR] Alborg Airport (IATA code AAL) is a civilian and military airport situated in Denmark. It is the third largest airport in the country and serves at about 1.4 million passengers each year. The airport works from 5 a.m. to 12 p.m. and has a duty free shop open to all passengers that depart from here. The Alborg Airport could be reached by bus, car and taxi. There are eight airlines that operate here, offering flights to total of seventeen airports Including domestic flights and international long-distance flights. The airport serves many charter airlines as well."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elton John: 10 of the best | Music | The Guardian Elton John: 10 of the best | Music | The Guardian [PAR] 10 of the best [PAR] Elton John: 10 of the best [PAR] From the gentle whimsy of Your Song to the R&B of Bennie and the Jets, Elton John was at his world-conquering best in the 1970s and 80s [PAR] Eye catching \u2026 Elton John in the 1970s. Photograph: BBC/Redferns [PAR] Wednesday 25 May 2016 07.17 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Wednesday 25 May 2016 13.50 EDT [PAR] 1. Your Song [PAR] Sir Elton Hercules John might be considered a balladeer, but in 1970 there was surprise at his label, DJM, that his breakthrough song was a slow, whimsical serenade. Those who\u2019d followed his fledgling career perceived the Elton John Band to be a rocking affair, incorporating gospel, honky-tonk and elements of psychedelic folk. In the US, the pretty Your Song, with a naively romantic lyric by Bernie Taupin, was the B-side to the more uptempo Take Me to the Pilot, but it was promoted to the lead track after radio stations persisted in plugging it. It made the Top 10 on both sides of the Atlantic, and was the beginning of a run of bestselling singles and superstardom (especially Stateside) that would make John the biggest pop star on the planet for five years. He went on to sell more than 100m singles, but his first hit is still one of his defining moments, and its opening line \u2013 \u201cIt\u2019s a little bit funny / This feeling inside\u201d \u2013 remains instantly recognisable. [PAR] 2. Rocket Man [PAR] John\u2019s 11th single, taken from the album Honky Ch\u00e2teau, is arguably his best-loved. The 1972 track didn\u2019t quite make it to No 1 in the US \u2013 he\u2019d have to wait until Crocodile Rock later that year for that \u2013 but it has endured as one of the key songs of the early 70s, thanks in part to its wonderful production. With Gus Dudgeon on board, it\u2019s not hard to see where inspiration for the space epic might have come from. Dudgeon had produced Space Oddity by David Bowie in 1969. (Bowie\u2019s regular producer Tony Visconti had refused to work on the track, calling it a \u201ccheap shot\u201d.) Dudgeon repeated the trick with John, imbuing a song about space travel with an otherworldly ambience. (There\u2019s also a druggy subtext: lines include \u201cAnd I\u2019m gonna be high as a kite by then.\u201d) Bowie and John might have seemed destined to become kindred spirits, but the former said they had little in common. In a Playboy interview, Bowie made some catty comments, referring to John as \u201cthe Liberace \u2026 the token queen of rock\u201d, adding: \u201cI\u2019m responsible for a whole new school of pretension. They know who they are, don\u2019t you, Elton?\u201d John would bide his time before hitting back. [PAR] 3. Bennie and the Jets [PAR] As with Your Song, it was radio play that turned Bennie and the Jets into a smash hit \u2013 against John\u2019s will (he thought the song was too strange to succeed). CKLW in Windsor, Ontario, aired it first, then Detroit radio stations and Top 40 stations across the US followed suit. Bennie (Benny on the single sleeve, Bennie on the album) was not only a No 1 in America, but it also became John\u2019s first crossover hit, landing him on the R&B chart for the first time. An invitation to appear on Soul Train followed, and John became the first white British artist to be accepted on black radio a good year"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oral Roberts | Wheaton Oral Roberts | Wheaton [PAR] Oral Roberts [PAR] John Wimber [PAR] (Granville) Oral Roberts (1918- 2009), healing evangelist and televangelist, was born in Pontonoc County, Oklahoma, the son of a poor farmer and itinerant preacher in the Pentecostal Holiness denomination. At the age of seventeen Roberts believed he had been miraculously healed of tuberculosis and a speech impediment. At age eighteen he received the baptism of the Holy Spirit and was ordained into the Pentecostal Holiness ministry. [PAR] By the mid-1940s he was serving as the pastor of a church in Enid, Oklahoma, but left to undertake a full-time healing revival ministry in 1947. Based in Tulsa, Roberts became the most successful of the healing evangelists of the 1950s. He founded his own magazine, Abundant Life, and cobbled together a radio network of over 500 stations. It was in television, however, that Roberts truly found his calling, beginning weekly broadcasts from his crusades in 1955. Buoyed by the financial gifts of his Pentecostal followers, Roberts was able to maintain and grow his own independent network of television stations which reached every part of the United States. The impact of Roberts\u2019s broadcasts on the burgeoning charismatic movement among mainline Protestants and Catholics in the 1960s cannot be overestimated. Such was his success that by 1965 he was able to open his own four year-liberal arts college, Oral Roberts University (ORU) in Tulsa. [PAR] 1968 marked a watershed year in Roberts\u2019s career. Sensing the \u201cmoving of the Spirit\u201d within mainline denominations, Roberts startled both his friends and foes as he discontinued his crusades and television broadcasts. Giving up his ordination in the Pentecostal Holiness Church, he sought ordination in, and joined, the Methodist Church. In 1969 he vaulted back into television with a series of hour-long, prime-time specials featuring celebrity guests, a variety show format, and a talented musical ensemble all under the seasoned eye of a top-flight Hollywood producer. Over the next decade, these specials attracted comparatively huge audiences for religious television and made Roberts a household name. Financially they proved a boon and jump-started his vision to expand ORU with a law school and a medical school replete with its own hospital, clinic, and research center\u2013\u201dThe City of Faith.\u201d This marked the beginning of a new phase of escalating financial burdens, aggressive fundraising campaigns, and virulent criticism from the medical, legal, and academic establishments. Coming as it did in the midst of media publicity surrounding a growing corpus of financial and sexual misdeeds among other televangelists, Roberts\u2019 ministry and image began to suffer. The subsequent sexual indiscretions of his son and televangelist heir, Richard, only served to further erode Roberts\u2019s image. [PAR] In the early 1990s Roberts was forced to sell his City of Faith and his law school, although ORU remained as a stable Christian liberal arts college. Overall, the thrust of Roberts\u2019s overall career made a great impact upon the evangelical subculture, raising the image and self-respect of Pentecostals, enabling the spread of the charismatic movement, and leaving a lasting legacy in evangelical media and education. [PAR] For further reading see David Edwin Harrell, Jr., Oral Roberts: An American Life (Indiana, 1985), and Oral Roberts, Expect a Miracle: My Life and Ministry (Nelson, 1995).[DOC] [TLE] An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ... Project MUSE - An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma [PAR] An Architecture for the Electronic Church [PAR] Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma [PAR] Margaret M. Grubiak (bio) [PAR] ABSTRACT [PAR] More than a university, Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Burrows Toy Museum. - UNKNOWN, Burrows Toy Museum. - UNKNOWN, [PAR] Author: UNKNOWN, [PAR] Title: Burrows Toy Museum. [PAR] Description: London, Unichrome (BATH) Limited, nd. VG PB. Booklet shows fashion dolls of about 1870 made of bisque with their bodies covered in kid and toys in different settings. [PAR] Keywords:[DOC] [TLE] Doll & Toy Museums of Europe - Puppentour - Doll Tours ... Doll & Toy Museums of Europe [PAR] Coburger Puppenmuseum [PAR] Coburg was, and still is, the center of German doll production. More than 900 dolls from the classical doll manufacturing era of Germany, along with a wonderful collection of half-dolls and rare French dolls, are exhibited with period doll furniture, clothing and accessories in the Coburg Doll Museum. Fifty miniature rooms and doll-sized Dresden china will take your breath away. The museum shop offers dolls, miniatures, and doll books. [PAR] Deutsches Knopfmuseum [PAR] Thousands of buttons made by hand and by machine of 26 different materials over a span of four centuries are exhibited in the Deutsches Knopfmuseum. Machinery and works displays examine the rich history of buttons in B\u00e4rnau, still a center of world button production. [PAR] Schuhmuseum [PAR] Over 15,000 artifacts are exhibited in the Shoe Museum within the German Leather Museum. In addition to representing international costume history over seven millennia, the collection allows a view into humankind's intellectual and cultural history. 3500-year-old sandals from Egyptian mummy burials, pre-Christian boot amulets, bead-embroidered moccasins from the Great Plains, chopines of the Italian Renaissance, Chinese gin lien, plateau sandals from an Ottoman harem, the silk boots of Empress Sissi, and Joschka Fischer's trainers, have earned the museum a world-class position. Several hundred images of shoemakers and their products form the bridge to the Shoe Museum's gallery. Here one can see how intensely the human foot and its covering (or exposing) has inspired and still inspires the creativity of designers and artists. [PAR] Deutsches Spielzeugmuseum [PAR] The German Toy Museum is the oldest toy museum in the now-united Germany. Its many treasures include an incredible array of salesmen's samples, shoes, wigs, and Sonneberg dolls of wood, papier m\u00e2h\u00e9, china and bisque. Dioramas depict daily life in a Sonneberg doll-making family. A special exhibit coincides with the annual Neustadter Puppenfestival. Various gift items, postcards, dolls, plush animals, and books are offered in the museum shop. [PAR] Deutsches Weihnachtsmuseum [PAR] Enter the German Christmas Museum through K\u00e4the Wohlfahrt's Weihnachtsdorf (Christmas Village), a 16,000-square-foot Christmas market that is a feast for the eyes and ears \u2013 and you need not brave the German winter to see it because it is open year-round! Built around a model of a Franconian market square with half-timbered houses, snow-covered roofs, and an eighteen-foot revolving white Christmas tree, the Christmas Village offers more than 30,000 different Christmas decorations including smokers, nutcrackers, pyramids, and tree ornaments that reflect valued German Christmas traditions. [PAR] Erzgebirgisches Freilichtmuseum [PAR] The Erzgebirgisches Freilichtmuseum (Ore Mountains Open-Air Museum), a part of the Erzgebirge Toy Museum of Seiffen since 1973, is an historical folklore museum reflecting the daily life and culture of the people of the Erzgebirge from the mid-nineteenth through the early twentieth century. Valuable examples of traditional folk culture that would otherwise be lost in the process of remodeling homes and modernizing workshops, are instead moved to the Erzgebirgisches Freilichtmuseum. The buildings, with all their authentic period furnishings, document the real world of the inhabitants. Central to the landscape of this Erzgebirge village are the homes, workshops, and communal buildings of a \"Streusiedlung\" (a scattered settlement) dominated by the toymaker and other craftspeople associated with woodworking. A main"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Official 60's Site-The Beach Boys The Official 60's Site-The Beach Boys [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Beach Boys were inducted into the Rock 'n Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. This American sold more singles and LPs then any other American band in history. They placed 36 hits in the Top 40, more than any other American band and had a total of 56 songs make the Hot 100 hits, once again more than any other American band. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Brian Wilson was born in Hawthorne, California in 1942. At the age of sixteen, Brian shared a bedroom with his two brothers, Dennis and Carl. He watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano and listened intently to the harmonies of vocal groups like The Four Freshmen. One night he taught his brothers a song called \"Ivory Tower\" and how to sing the background harmonies. \"We practiced night after night, singing softly, hoping we wouldn't wake our Dad.\" For his sixteenth birthday, Brian had received a reel-to-reel tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl and his mother. He would play piano and later added Carl playing the Rickenbacker guitar he got as a Christmas present. [PAR] [PAR] Soon Brian was avidly listening to Johnny Otis on his KFOX radio show, a favorite station of Carl's. Inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, he changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his music studies at school. He failed to complete a twelfth-grade piano sonata, but did submit an original composition, called \"Surfin'\". [PAR] [PAR] Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love. Brian taught Love's sister Maureen and a friend harmonies. Later, Brian, Mike and two friends performed at Hawthorne High School (Hawthorne, California), drawing tremendous applause for their version of The Olympics' (doo-wop group) \"Hully Gully\". Brian also knew Al Jardine, a high school classmate, who had already played guitar in a folk group called The Islanders. One day, on the spur of the moment, they asked a couple of football players in the school training room to learn harmony parts, but it wasn't a success \u2014 the bass singer was flat. [PAR] [PAR] Brian suggested to Jardine that they team up with his cousin and brother Carl. It was at these sessions, held in Brian's bedroom, that \"the Beach Boys sound\" began to form. Brian says: \"Everyone contributed something. Carl kept us hip to the latest tunes, Al taught us his repertoire of folk songs, and Dennis, though he didn't play anything, added a combustible spark just by his presence.\" It was Love who encouraged Brian to write songs and he also gave the fledgling band its first name: The Pendletones. [PAR] [PAR] The Pendletones name was derived from the Pendleton woolen shirts popular at that time. In their earliest performances, the band wore the heavy wool jacket-like shirts, which were favored by surfers in the South Bay. In 1962, the Beach Boys began wearing blue/gray-striped button-down shirts tucked into white pants as their touring \"uniforms.\" This was the band's signature look through to 1966. [PAR] [PAR] Although surfing motifs were very prominent in their early songs, Dennis was the only member of the group who surfed. He suggested that his brothers compose some songs celebrating his hobby and the lifestyle which had developed around it in Southern California. [PAR] [PAR] Jardine and a singer friend, Gary Winfrey, went to Brian's to see if he could help out with a version of a folk"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies ... Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies at 94 - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Music |Milton Babbitt, a Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies at 94 [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Milton Babbitt , an influential composer, theorist and teacher who wrote music that was intensely rational and for many listeners impenetrably abstruse, died on Saturday. He was 94 and lived in Princeton, N.J. [PAR] Paul Lansky, a composer who studied with Mr. Babbitt and was a colleague at Princeton University , where Mr. Babbitt remained an emeritus professor of composition, said that Mr. Babbitt died at a hospital in Princeton. [PAR] Mr. Babbitt, who had a lively sense of humor despite the reputation for severity that his music fostered, sometimes referred to himself as a maximalist to stress the musical and philosophical distance between his style and the simpler, more direct style of younger contemporaries like Philip Glass, Steve Reich and other Minimalist composers. It was an apt description. [PAR] Although he dabbled early in his career with theater music, his Composition for Orchestra (1940) ushered in a structurally complex, profoundly organized style that was rooted in Arnold Schoenberg\u2019s serial method. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] But Mr. Babbitt expanded on Mr. Schoenberg\u2019s approach. In Mr. Schoenberg\u2019s system, a composer begins by arranging the 12 notes of the Western scale in a particular order called a tone row, or series, on which the work is based. Mr. Babbitt was the first to use this serial ordering not only with pitches but also with dynamics, timbre, duration, registration and other elements. His methods became the basis of the \u201ctotal serialism\u201d championed in the 1950s by Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono and other European composers. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Mr. Babbitt began exploring this path in Three Compositions for Piano (1947) and Composition for Four Instruments (1948), and adhered to it through his entire career. He composed prolifically for chamber ensembles and instrumental soloists and created a substantial and varied catalog of vocal works. He also composed a compact but vital group of orchestral pieces and an enduring series of works for synthesizer, often in combination with voices or acoustic instruments. [PAR] Mr. Babbitt liked to give his pieces colorful titles, often with puns (\u201cThe Joy of More Sextets,\u201d for example), and said that in selecting titles he tried to avoid both the stale and the obscure. Yet when Mr. Babbitt explained his compositional approach in essays, lectures and program notes, they could be as difficult to understand as his music. In one program note, he spoke of \u201cmodels of similar, interval-preserving, registrally uninterpreted pitch-class and metrically durationally uninterpreted time-point aggregate arrays.\u201d [PAR] He often said in interviews that every note in a contemporary composition should be so thoroughly justified that the alteration of a tone color or a dynamic would ruin the work\u2019s structure. And although colleagues who worked in atonal music objected when their music was described as cerebral or academic, Mr. Babbitt embraced both terms and came to be regarded as the standard-bearer of the ultrarational extreme in American composition. [PAR] That reputation was based in part on an article published by High Fidelity magazine in February 1958 under the title \u201cWho Cares if You Listen?\u201d The headline was often cited as evidence of contemporary composers\u2019 disregard for the public\u2019s sensibilities, and Mr. Babbitt objected that it had been added by an editor, without his permission. But whatever his objections,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] The Olympic Games [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, were revived in the late 19th century and have become the world\u2019s preeminent sporting competition. From the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D., the Games were held every four years in Olympia, located in the western Peloponnese peninsula, in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately and have alternated every two years. [PAR] Google [PAR] The Olympics in Ancient Greece [PAR] The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 B.C., when a cook named Coroebus won the only event\u2013a 192-meter footrace called the stade (the origin of the modern \u201cstadium\u201d)\u2013to become the first Olympic champion. However, it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years by that time. Legend has it that Heracles (the Roman Hercules ), son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene, founded the Games, which by the end of the 6th century B.C had become the most famous of all Greek sporting festivals. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location at Olympia, a sacred site located near the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the four-year increments in between Olympic Games, which were known as Olympiads. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The 1896 Games featured the first Olympic marathon, which followed the 25-mile route run by the Greek soldier who brought news of a victory over the Persians from Marathon to Athens in 490 B.C. Fittingly, Greece's Spyridon Louis won the first gold medal in the event. In 1924, the distance would be standardized to 26 miles and 385 yards. [PAR] After 13 Olympiads, two more races joined the stade as Olympic events: the diaulos (roughly equal to today\u2019s 400-meter race), and the dolichos (a longer-distance race, possibly comparable to the 1,500-meter or 5,000-meter event). The pentathlon (consisting of five events: a foot race, a long jump, discus and javelin throws and a wrestling match) was introduced in 708 B.C., boxing in 688 B.C. and chariot racing in 680 B.C. In 648 B.C., pankration, a combination of boxing and wrestling with virtually no rules, debuted as an Olympic event. Participation in the ancient Olympic Games was initially limited to freeborn male citizens of Greece; there were no women\u2019s events, and married women were prohibited from attending the competition. [PAR] Decline and Revival of the Olympic Tradition [PAR] After the Roman Empire conquered Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality declined. In one notorious example from A.D. 67, the decadent Emperor Nero entered an Olympic chariot race, only to disgrace himself by declaring himself the winner even after he fell off his chariot during the event. In A.D. 393, Emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, called for a ban on all \u201cpagan\u201d festivals, ending the ancient Olympic tradition after nearly 12 centuries. [PAR] It would be another 1,500 years before the Games would rise again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Dedicated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Word From God by Becky Oswald pdf by Marilyn Orton - issuu A Word From God by Becky Oswald pdf by Marilyn Orton - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] Issuu on Google+ [PAR] Becky Oswald cannot remember a day in her life that she did not know that God was with her. She has been studying, teaching and ingesting the Word of God since she could read. And even before that when they were read to her. Her insights into the Word of God will help you: \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 [PAR] lift your spirit up give a better understanding of God\u2019s unconditional love for you and help you to become more like Him. [PAR] Isn\u2019t that what we all want? So, dig in and know Him more through His Word and through the knowledge of someone who has lived it for over 70 years! Copyright \u00a92014 Becky Oswald First Edition All rights reserved under all Copyright Conventions. [PAR] No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permissions from the author. Submit all requests for reprinting to: Peak Performance Publishers 28677 San Lucas Lane #201 Bonita Springs, FL 34135 Chris@DrZimmerman.com [PAR] Published in the U. S. A. by Peak Performance Publishers Composition by Peak Performance Publishers Cover Design by McPherson Graphics DEDICATION [PAR] I would like to dedicate this book to my children. They truly are in their own right, Women of Worth and a joy to my heart. To Kathy, my firstborn, who loves and cares for me and is such an encouragement by her own faithfulness to the Lord and to those who know her. To Vickie, who would bring joy to any Mom\u00e2&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heart as she serves the Lord so faithfully in the role of a Pastor\u00e2&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wife for many years and has so much love for them as well as her family. To Karen, as she has so many times given me words of wisdom and insight when mine was sadly lacking. I never fail to be grateful for her life and loving concern. To Terry, I am so thankful for all the years the Lord gave her to raise a family she loved and is now with Jesus in all His glory. To Chris, who has lovingly supported me in some desperate times of my life and shown me love when I needed it the most. And, has worked tirelessly and endlessly to process this book. Having children who love and live for Jesus is the second desire of my heart, having a loving and close relationship with Jesus and to grieve not the Holy Spirit, being first. We all send forth this book with the prayer that God will use His Words to encourage hungry hearts! INTRODUCTION [PAR] Spending some time with the Lord, reading the Bible and praying to God about the cares of my life and asking for His help has been a priority for many years. [PAR] I began journaling in 1987. Most of what [PAR] you will be reading in this book is a direct quote from one of those journals. The Ladies Class I taught at Coventry Baptist Church, Fort Wayne, IN gave me a small leather bound book which provided writing space for two days on each page. [PAR] There was only room to [PAR] write maybe three sentences for each day, but it was a start. In the beginning, I would write a scripture that was meaningful to me as I read the Bible that day. Then gradually,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yul Brynner Statue - Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East Yul Brynner Statue - Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East [PAR] Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East [PAR] Moscow [PAR] Yul Brynner Park was opened on September 28th, 2012, when his statue was inaugurated in front of the house where he was born at 15 Aleutskaya St. in Vladivostok, Russia, in the garden where he played as a child. [PAR] This project took six years of planning and preparation before the granite for the ten-foot statue was transported to Vladivostok from a quarry in China a thousand miles away; appropriate, since Yul spent much of his childhood in China after his family fled Soviet Russia. Sculptor Alexei Bokiy, with whom I had begun discussing the monument in 2006, understood well the enormous challenge confronting him in carving such a very famous face and figure out of a single block of stone. [PAR] The City of Vladivostok that now owns the land in front of \"Dom Bryner\" contributed the grounds for the park, and financed the landscaping and architectural design. At night, along with the glow of the 1920s street lights, the statue is illuminated by spotlights as Yul Brynner himself was throughout his long career. [PAR] VLADIVOSTOK AND MOSCOW, 2016 [PAR] The Russian edition of my book \"Empire and Odyssey: The Brynners in Far East Russia\" was published in 2016. [PAR] Setting out on the book tour. [PAR] Book signing at the Far East Federal University. [PAR] My book tour in May began in Vladivostok, Sidimi, and Dalnegorsk in Primorye. . . [PAR] . . . with a formal event at the historic Vladivostok train station, last stop of the Trans-Siberian Express. [PAR] The Patriarch honored and blessed the event with an Orthodox choir. [PAR] The Vladivostok International Film Festival \"Pacific Meridian,\" 12-19 September 2015 [PAR] This perspective of Vladivostok helps explain its unusual topography, from the large Amur Bay to the right and the inlet called the Golden Horn on the left, around which sits the heart of the city. [PAR] The unique topography of the city is easier to understand from the view in Google Earth. [PAR] I had the pleasure of meeting the U.S. Ambassador to Russia, John Tefft, who was visiting Vladivostok while I was there. He especially wanted to see the statue of my father in front of the Bryner residence, where Yul was born in 1920. [PAR] Anbassador Tefft was determined to photograph me with the statue for his wife, a longtime fan. [PAR] I'm the only person from outside Russia who has attended every Vladivostok film festival since the first in 2003. By now I lope up the blue carpet. [PAR] Apparently, my dance moves were newsworthy. [PAR] With actress Thuy Anh, from Hanoi, and film-maker Vanessa Danielson, who was presenting a brilliant short film, \"Guests,\" directed by her husband. My job, as the official talisman for the Film Festival, includes welcoming the guests. It's hard work, but somebody has to do it. [PAR] This year the luminous British actress Julia Ormond attended our Festival. [PAR] The admirable and delightful Julia Ormond has made many films in Russia but never visited Vladivostok before. [PAR] At the Gala night of the Festival I took a selfie from the stage of the Vladivostok Opera House. Julia Ormond is in the front row left. [PAR] Amur Bay from my hotel window. [PAR] The boardwalk in Vladivostok on a warm, autumn Sunday afternoon. [PAR] I was guest of honor at a conference at the Far Eastern Federal University, at the very conference"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Karen Carpenter - Biography - IMDb Karen Carpenter - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Karen Carpenter [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 119 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (100) | Personal Quotes (10) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 4 February 1983 , Downey, California, USA (heart failure caused by chronic anorexia) [PAR] Birth Name [PAR] 5' 4\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Karen Carpenter moved with her family to Downey, California, in 1963. Karen's older brother, Richard Carpenter , decided to put together an instrumental trio with him on the piano, Karen on the drums and their friend Wes Jacobs on the bass and tuba. In a battle of the bands at the Hollywood Bowl in 1966, the group won first place and landed a contract with RCA Records. However, RCA did not see a future in jazz tuba, and the contract was short-lived. [PAR] Karen and Richard formed another band, Spectrum, with four other fellow students from California State University at Long Beach that played several gigs before disbanding. In 1969, Karen and Richard made several demo music tapes and shopped them around to different record companies; they were eventually offered a contract with A&M Records. Their first hit was a reworking of The Beatles hit \"Ticket to Ride\", followed by a re-recorded version of Burt Bacharach 's \"Close to You\", which sold a million copies. [PAR] Soon Richard and Karen became one of the most successful groups of the early 1970s, with Karen on the drums and lead vocals and Richard on the piano with backup vocals. They won three Grammy Awards, embarked on a world tour, and landed their own TV variety series in 1971, titled Make Your Own Kind of Music! (1971). [PAR] In 1975 the story came out when The Carpenters were forced to cancel a European tour because the gaunt Karen was too weak to perform. Nobody knew that Karen was at the time suffering from anorexia nervosa, a mental illness characterized by obsessive dieting to a point of starvation. In 1976 she moved out of her parents' house to a condo of her own. [PAR] While her brother Richard was recovering from his Quaalude addiction, Karen decided to record a solo album in New York City in 1979 with producer Phil Ramone. Encouraged by the positive reaction to it in New York, Karen was eager to show it to Richard and the record company in California, who were nonplussed. The album was shelved. [PAR] In 1980, she married real estate developer Thomas J. Burris. However, the unhappy marriage really only lasted a year before they separated. (Karen was to sign the divorce papers the day she died). [PAR] Shortly afterward, she and brother Richard were back in the recording studio, where they recorded their hit single \"Touch Me When We're Dancing\". However, Karen was unable to shake her depression as well as her eating disorder, and after realizing she needed help, she spent most of 1982 in New York City undergoing treatment. By 1983, Karen was starting to take control of her life and planning to return to the recording studio and to make public appearances again. In February of 1983, she went to her parents' house to sort through some old clothes she kept there when she collapsed in a walk-in closet from cardiac arrest. She was only 32. Doctors revealed that her long battle with anorexia nervosa had stressed her heart to the breaking point. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Controversy within the Olympics | The MediaPlex Controversy within the Olympics | The MediaPlex [PAR] Controversy within the Olympics [PAR] By The MediaPlex November 22, 2013 14:48 [PAR] By Courtney Turnbull [PAR] Every four years people from around the world come together for the love of sports, and hope to see their country take home the gold. Whether sitting in front of a big screen stuffing your face with popcorn or getting a front row seat to the games itself, every four years we are assured there will be some sort of drama between nations. This is what we call the Olympics. [PAR] The first-ever modern Olympics was held in Athens, Greece in 1896. The founder of the International Olympic Committee Baron Pierre de Coubertin once said \u201cThe most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part, the essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.\u201d [PAR] But are we, as nations, fighting well? Being fair to all athletes? Controversy in the Olympics dates to the early 20th century. In 1916 the Summer Olympics were scheduled to be in Berlin but because of the outbreak of World War 1 they were cancelled. [PAR] In 1936 Germany got another chance to welcome the world\u2019s athletes and host the Olympics. With Hitler in power it was like stirring a pot of controversial soup. Hitler wanted all black athletes to be banned from competing. In the end African-American athlete Jesse Owens, stood first place on the podium refusing to do the Nazi salute, and went home with four gold medals. [PAR] \u201cI think with the Olympics we have kind of given those (Olympic countries) a pass through the years because it\u2019s been such a joyous occasion,\u201d said Australian Rennae Stubbs, a former Olympic tennis player. \u201cA place where we hope that the quality of sports is an equalizer to all athletes.\u201d [PAR] In 1972, controversy became tragedy in Munich, when 11 Olympic athletes were held hostage and eventually killed. From black power salutes, to protests, to massacres and boycotting the event altogether, there is to inevitably some sort of issue that detracts from the real focus of the games. [PAR] The Olympics have turned a spotlight on worldwide human rights issues but the real focus should be on the athletes. The upcoming games will be in Sochi, Russia this February. There is already controversy and concern because of a law that was passed in late June. The new law states that it is punishable to speak openly about gays and lesbians among young people. [PAR] Lesbian, gay, bi-sexual and transgender athletes going to Sochi don\u2019t just have to worry about competing, but also face a law that could potentially put them behind bars. Foreign citizens or people coming into the country displaying same-sex affection or distributing information on gay rights can also be fined and/or deported [PAR] Stubbs, who has won several Grand Slam tennis titles and represented her country four times, is an openly gay athlete. She said her biggest complaint isn\u2019t necessarily with Russia in particular but with the IOC. [PAR] \u201cI think the IOC really needs to look at themselves,\u201d said Stubbs. \u201cThey need to be a little bit more accountable for the decisions that they are making. Maybe one way of being able to help them with the decision making is to make better decisions on where to put the Olympics.\u201d [PAR] According to the IOC\u2019s Olympic Charter all segregation is prohibited, whether it \u201cis on the grounds of race, religion, colour or other.\u201d [PAR] Josh Cameron, a championship boxer from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles M. Schulz Biography - Charles M. Schulz Museum Charles M. Schulz Biography - Charles M. Schulz Museum [PAR] Charles M. Schulz Museum [PAR] For Store [PAR] Charles M. Schulz Biography [PAR] On the morning of Sunday, February 13, 2000, newspaper readers opened their comic pages as they had for nearly fifty years to read the latest adventures of Charlie Brown, Snoopy, and the rest of the Peanuts Gang. This Sunday was different, though; mere hours before newspapers hit doorsteps with the final original Peanuts comic strip, its creator Charles M. Schulz, who once described his life as being \u201cone of rejection,\u201d passed away peacefully in his sleep the night before, succumbing to complications from colon cancer. It was a poetic ending to the life of a devoted cartoonist who, from his earliest memories, knew that all he wanted to do was \u201cdraw funny pictures.\u201d [PAR] The poetry of Schulz\u2019s life began two days after he was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 26, 1922, when an uncle nicknamed him \u201cSparky\u201d after the horse Spark Plug from the Barney Google comic strip. Sparky\u2019s father, Carl, was of German heritage and his mother, Dena, came from a large Norwegian family; the family made their home in St. Paul, where Carl worked as a barber. Throughout his youth, father and son shared a Sunday morning ritual reading the funnies; Sparky was fascinated with strips like Skippy, Mickey Mouse, and Popeye. In his deepest desires, he always knew he wanted to be a cartoonist, and seeing the 1937 publication of his drawing of Spike, the family dog, in the nationally-syndicated Ripley\u2019s Believe it or Not newspaper feature was a proud moment in the young teen\u2019s life. He took his artistic studies to a new level when, as a senior in high school and with the encouragement of his mother, he completed a correspondence cartoon course with the Federal School of Applied Cartooning (now Art Instruction Schools). [PAR] As Schulz continued to study and hone his artistic style from the late 1920s through the 1940s, the genre of comic art experienced a great shift. The full-page comics of the 1920s and 30s afforded artists the space to reflect the Art Deco details and sensibilities of the day, including the highly-stylized illustrations of Dick Tracy and Little Nemo in Slumberland. Newspaper editors in the late 1940s and 50s, however, promoted a post-War minimalist model, pushing their cartoonists to shrink strip size, minimize pen strokes, and sharpen their humor with daily gags and cerebral humor for an ever-increasingly educated audience. Schulz\u2019s dry, intellectual, and self-effacing humor was a natural fit for the evolving cultural standards of the mid-20th century comics. [PAR] Two monumental events happened within days of each other in 1943 that profoundly affected the rest of Schulz\u2019s life; his mother, to whom he was very close, passed away at age 50 from cervical cancer; and he boarded a troop train to begin his army career in Camp Campbell, Kentucky. Though Schulz remained proud of his achievements and leadership roles in the army for the rest of his life, this period of time haunted him with the dual experiences of the loss of his mother and realities of war. [PAR] After returning from the war in the fall of 1945, Schulz settled with his father in an apartment over Carl\u2019s barbershop in St. Paul, determined to realize his passion of becoming a professional cartoonist. He found employment at his alma mater, Art Instruction, sold intermittent one-panel cartoons to The Saturday Evening Post, and enjoyed a three-year run of his weekly panel comic, Li\u2019l"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem ... W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem animation - YouTube [PAR] W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem animation [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 7, 2011 [PAR] Heres a virtual movie of Welsh poet William Henry Davies or W H Davies (1871 - 1940) reading his much loved and universally well known poem \"Leisure\" . William Henry Davies or W H Davies (3 July 1871[1] 26 September 1940) was a Welsh poet and writer. William Henry Davies was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales, the son of a publican. After an apprenticeship as a picture-frame maker and a series of labouring jobs, he travelled to America, first to New York and then to the Klondike. He returned to England after having lost a foot jumping a train in Canada, where he led a penurious life in London lodging houses and as a pedlar in the country. He married in 1923, Emma, who was much younger than he. His first poems were published when he was 34. Most of his poetry is on the subject of nature or life on the road and exhibits a natural simple, earthy style. He also wrote two novels and autobiographical works, his best known being Autobiography of a Super-Tramp. Brief biography 2 ........... William Henry Davies (1871-1940), poet and author, was born in Pillgwenlly, Newport, Monmouthshire. After leaving school he trained as a carver and gilder, but remained dissatisfied with his life. He left his work and spent a period working and begging his way across the United States of America and Canada, but in March 1899 he lost his foot while jumping from a train. He returned to Britain and resolved to make his mark as a poet. After experiencing many setbacks he eventually published his first book, 'The Soul's Destroyer and Other Poems' in March 1905. Subsequent volumes included 'New Poems' (1907), 'Nature Poems' (1908), 'Farwell to Poesy' (1910), 'Songs of Joy' (1911), 'Foliage' (1913), and 'The Bird of Paradise' (1914). He also wrote prose and his 'Autobiography of a Super-Tramp' (1908) was based on his experiences of living hand-to-mouth in England and north America. In 1923 he married Helen Payne, a prostitute who was thirty years his junior. They settled in Sussex and later Gloucestershire. He was awarded an Honorary Degree by the University of Wales in 1929 and a plaque in his honour was unveiled at the Church House Inn, Newport, in 1938. [PAR] Kind Regards [PAR] All rights are reserved on this video recording copyright Jim Clark 2011 [PAR] Leisure [PAR] WHAT is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare?\u2014 No time to stand beneath the boughs, And stare as long as sheep and cows: No time to see, when woods we pass, Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass: No time to see, in broad daylight, Streams full of stars, like skies at night: No time to turn at Beauty's glance, And watch her feet, how they can dance: No time to wait till her mouth can Enrich that smile her eyes began? A poor life this if, full of care, We have no time to stand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles M. Schulz Biography - Charles M. Schulz Museum Charles M. Schulz Biography - Charles M. Schulz Museum [PAR] Charles M. Schulz Museum [PAR] For Store [PAR] Charles M. Schulz Biography [PAR] On the morning of Sunday, February 13, 2000, newspaper readers opened their comic pages as they had for nearly fifty years to read the latest adventures of Charlie Brown, Snoopy, and the rest of the Peanuts Gang. This Sunday was different, though; mere hours before newspapers hit doorsteps with the final original Peanuts comic strip, its creator Charles M. Schulz, who once described his life as being \u201cone of rejection,\u201d passed away peacefully in his sleep the night before, succumbing to complications from colon cancer. It was a poetic ending to the life of a devoted cartoonist who, from his earliest memories, knew that all he wanted to do was \u201cdraw funny pictures.\u201d [PAR] The poetry of Schulz\u2019s life began two days after he was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 26, 1922, when an uncle nicknamed him \u201cSparky\u201d after the horse Spark Plug from the Barney Google comic strip. Sparky\u2019s father, Carl, was of German heritage and his mother, Dena, came from a large Norwegian family; the family made their home in St. Paul, where Carl worked as a barber. Throughout his youth, father and son shared a Sunday morning ritual reading the funnies; Sparky was fascinated with strips like Skippy, Mickey Mouse, and Popeye. In his deepest desires, he always knew he wanted to be a cartoonist, and seeing the 1937 publication of his drawing of Spike, the family dog, in the nationally-syndicated Ripley\u2019s Believe it or Not newspaper feature was a proud moment in the young teen\u2019s life. He took his artistic studies to a new level when, as a senior in high school and with the encouragement of his mother, he completed a correspondence cartoon course with the Federal School of Applied Cartooning (now Art Instruction Schools). [PAR] As Schulz continued to study and hone his artistic style from the late 1920s through the 1940s, the genre of comic art experienced a great shift. The full-page comics of the 1920s and 30s afforded artists the space to reflect the Art Deco details and sensibilities of the day, including the highly-stylized illustrations of Dick Tracy and Little Nemo in Slumberland. Newspaper editors in the late 1940s and 50s, however, promoted a post-War minimalist model, pushing their cartoonists to shrink strip size, minimize pen strokes, and sharpen their humor with daily gags and cerebral humor for an ever-increasingly educated audience. Schulz\u2019s dry, intellectual, and self-effacing humor was a natural fit for the evolving cultural standards of the mid-20th century comics. [PAR] Two monumental events happened within days of each other in 1943 that profoundly affected the rest of Schulz\u2019s life; his mother, to whom he was very close, passed away at age 50 from cervical cancer; and he boarded a troop train to begin his army career in Camp Campbell, Kentucky. Though Schulz remained proud of his achievements and leadership roles in the army for the rest of his life, this period of time haunted him with the dual experiences of the loss of his mother and realities of war. [PAR] After returning from the war in the fall of 1945, Schulz settled with his father in an apartment over Carl\u2019s barbershop in St. Paul, determined to realize his passion of becoming a professional cartoonist. He found employment at his alma mater, Art Instruction, sold intermittent one-panel cartoons to The Saturday Evening Post, and enjoyed a three-year run of his weekly panel comic, Li\u2019l"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Oliver Stone [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 163 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (16) | Trivia (71) | Personal Quotes (68) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Oliver Stone has become known as a master of controversial subjects and a legendary film maker. His films are filled with a variety of film angles and styles, he pushes his actors to give Oscar-worthy performances, and despite his failures, has always returned to success. [PAR] William Oliver Stone was born in New York City, to Jacqueline (Goddet) and Louis Stone, a stockbroker. His American father was from a Jewish family (from Germany and Eastern Europe), and his mother, a war bride, was French (and Catholic). After dropping out of Yale University, he became a soldier in the Vietnam War. Serving in two different regiments (including 1rst Cavalry), he was introduced to The Doors , drugs, Jefferson Airplane , and other things that defined the sixties. For his actions in the war, he was awarded a Bronze Star for Gallantry and a Purple Heart. Returning from the war, Stone did not return to graduate from Yale. His first film was a student film entitled Last Year in Viet Nam (1971), followed by the gritty horror film Seizure (1974) for which he also wrote the screenplay. The next seven years saw him direct two films: Mad Man of Martinique (1979) and The Hand (1981), starring Michael Caine . He also wrote many screenplays for films such as Midnight Express (1978), Conan the Barbarian (1982), and Scarface (1983). Stone won his first Oscar for Midnight Express (1978), but his fame was just beginning to show. [PAR] 1986 was the year that brought him much fame to the U.S.A. and the world. He directed the political film Salvador (1986) starring Oscar-nominated James Woods . However, his big hit was the Vietnam war film Platoon (1986) starring Charlie Sheen , Willem Dafoe , Tom Berenger , and Francesco Quinn . Berenger and Dafoe received Oscar nominations for their roles as the polar opposite sergeants who each influence the tour of duty of Chris Taylor (Sheen). Stone won his first Oscar for directing this film, which won Best Picture and was a hit at the box office. After Platoon (1986), Stone followed up with the critically acclaimed Wall Street (1987). The movie, starring Charlie Sheen and Michael Douglas , focuses on the business world of tycoons and stock brokers. The film was well received and won an Oscar for Douglas' portrayal of the villainous Gordon Gekko. Stone returned immediately the following year with Talk Radio (1988), which talked of a foul-mouthed radio host (played by Eric Bogosian ) who never fails to talk about the serious issues. Although it was not as successful as his last three films, Stone did not slow down at all. He directed Tom Cruise into an Oscar-nominated role in Born on the Fourth of July (1989). [PAR] The movie talked about the return of an embittered, crippled Vietnam soldier from the war. Although it failed to win Best Picture or Best Actor, Oliver Stone won an Academy Award for Directing, his third win to date. After Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Stone took a hand in producing several movies, including the Academy Award-winning film Reversal of Fortune (1990). He returned to the director's chair in 1991, once again with two films. Val Kilmer starred as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Axl Rose - Biography - IMDb Axl Rose - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 57 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (9) | Trivia (33) | Personal Quotes (8) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\" (1.75 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Born and raised in Lafayette, Indiana, W. Axl Rose is the pure embodiment of decadent late 1980s rockerdom. Brash, slightly misogynistic and notoriously wild, Rose grew up in a maniacally dysfunctional household - molested by his own father at age two; beaten by his abusive stepfather. [PAR] When Axl was 17 he fled Indiana on a Greyhound bus destined for Los Angeles (the haven for all that embodies sinnin' and grinnin'). After auditioning for a lion's share of punk bands (many of which he was turned down for because of his uncanny vocal resemblance to Robert Plant ) he joined the seminal rock band L.A. Guns before ultimately forming Guns N' Roses. After Guns N' Roses met with the unprecedented success of their debut album \"Appetite For Destruction\", massive stadium tours soon became a reality, and Axl's status as a bona fide sex symbol was officially cemented. However, internal troubles with the band members and the heavy drug use among them eventually rendered Guns N' Roses obsolete until only recently. Comeback? We'll see. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Brenna (wazzagurl@yahoo.com) [PAR] Born on February 6th, 1962 in Lafayette, Indiana, USA. He grew up with strict religious teaching, but at the age of seventeen, left his town and headed to Los Angeles. Some time after, his long time friend Izzy Stradlin' joined him in LA and they started playing in some bands like Hollywood Rose and LA Guns. Some time after Axl and his pals Izzy, Slash, Duff McKagan and Steven Adler formed Guns n' Roses. They released several albuns like \"Live?! Like a Suicide\" (86, EP), \"Appetite for Destruction\" (87), \"Gn'R Lies\" (88), Use Your Illusion I and II\" (91), \"Spaghetti Incident?!\" (93- cover album) and \"Live Era 87 [PAR] 93\" (99-live). In 1990 Steve Adler is out and Matt Sorum is in. In [PAR] 1991 Guns 'n' Roses gets a sixth member, keyboarder Dizzy Reed. in November 1991 Izzy leaves and Gilby Clarke joins the band. Between 1994 and 1999 all the other members of the band leave, except Dizzy Reed. In 2000/2001 New Year night Guns n' Roses play live in Las Vegas with a new line up: Axl Rose (vocals), Paul Huge Tobias (guitar), Buckethead (guitar), Robin Finck (guitar), Tommy Stinson (bass), Chris Pitman (keyboards), Dizzy Reed (keyboards), Brian \"Brain\" Mantia (drums). John Freese (drums), Ricahrd Fortus (guitar) and some others have also worked in Guns n' Roses. Between 2002 and 2003 Guns n' Roses had a world tour. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Emerenciano [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] Well known for his onstage rants often directed at fans [PAR] Outspoken and confrontational attitude [PAR] Long red hair [PAR] Trivia (33) [PAR] Has been arrested over 30 times for various offenses, mostly drunk and disorderly and assault charges. [PAR] Is manic depressive. [PAR] Was born William Bruce Rose, but when his parents split his mother changed his name to William Bruce Bailey, taking his step-father's last name. Axl claims that when he was 17 he learned of his real father and changed it back to William Bruce Rose, but this is disputed. One of Rose's first music managers in L.A. claims that in the early 1980s Rose was still legally William Bailey. [PAR] Upon signing with Geffen Records"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Al Hibbler - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times Al Hibbler - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times [PAR] Hollywood Star Walk [PAR] Died April 24, 2001 in Chicago, Ill. [PAR] Al Hibbler, a singer with an idiosyncratic baritone style, was known for his work with the Duke Ellington Orchestra in the 1940s and early '50s. [PAR] A versatile singer who could handle ballads, standards and, at times, an earthy blues number, Hibbler also used a style that Ellington called \"tonal pantomime.\" In this style, Hibbler affected a Cockney accent, which he would often punctuate with odd tonal distortions and growls. [PAR] And while tonal pantomime was popular with audiences, Leonard Feather expressed the view of many jazz critics that the affectation did little to enhance Hibbler's ability to sing a first-rate blues song or a vibrant unmannered ballad. [PAR] Born in Little Rock, Ark., and blind from birth, Hibbler attended the Conservatory for the Blind in his hometown and sang in the school's choir. [PAR] After winning an amateur talent contest in Memphis, Hibbler started his own band in San Antonio before joining Jay McShann's big band in 1942. A year later, Hibbler started an eight-year association with Ellington. During the Ellington years, he won the Downbeat magazine award as best band vocalist and the New Star Award from Esquire magazine. [PAR] Appearing on several Ellington recordings, he was known for his renditions of songs such as \"Do Nothing Til You Hear From Me\" and \"I'm Just a Lucky So and So.\" [PAR] Hibbler left the Ellington organization in 1951 in an apparent dispute over his desire to freelance. He went on to record with Ellington's son, Mercer, as well as with Billy Taylor, Count Basie, Gerald Wilson and Rahsaan Roland Kirk. [PAR] His versions of \"The Very Thought of You,\" \"Stardust\" and \"Unchained Melody\" became popular favorites, with \"Unchained Melody\" hitting No. 3 on the record charts. [PAR] In the early 1960s, Hibbler was one of the first artists signed by Frank Sinatra to record on his new label, Reprise. [PAR] Active in the civil rights movement, Hibbler led demonstrators in desegregation marches in 1963 in downtown Birmingham, Ala. But while others in the protest march were jailed by the city's public safety commissioner, Eugene \"Bull\" Conner, Hibbler was detained briefly and released because he was blind. [PAR] Hibbler was disappointed at the police response, saying: \"I went downtown simply to be arrested, but they even segregated me. . . . That is segregation at its highest level.\" [PAR] In 1971, Hibbler performed \"When the Saints Go Marching In\" at the funeral of jazz trumpeter Louis Armstrong. [PAR] \u2014 Jon Thurber in the Los Angeles Times April 28, 2001 [PAR] Related"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quotations - Cheriton School of Computer Science Quotations [PAR] Quotations [PAR] Assembled quotations about science, anti-science, evolution, creationism, religion, atheism, agnosticism, skepticism, mathematics, computer science, politics, censorship, law, academia, etc. Send corrections or suggestions to the address at the end of the list. [PAR] Note that inclusion of a quotation does not necessarily imply agreement with the point of view expressed therein. In fact, some quotes are deliberately included for their fatuousness. It is up to the reader to discover which quotes they are. [PAR] I assembled this page because of my dissatisfaction with well-known compendiums of quotations such as Bartlett's and The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. Neither of these, it seems to me, captures the kinds of quotations that appeal to the skeptical and scientific mind. [PAR] Howard Aiken [PAR] American computer pioneer. [PAR] Don't worry about people stealing an idea. If it's original, you will have to ram it down their throats. [PAR] Said to a graduate student worried about others stealing the results in his thesis. Quoted in Robert Slater, Portraits in Silicon , page 88. [PAR] Richard D. Alexander [PAR] Biologist. [PAR] The answer to the age-old riddle that even ordinary humans ask themselves [Are people basically selfish, or basically altruistic?] appears to be that we are selfish individualists in the sense and to the extent that this maximizes the survival by reproduction of the genes residing in our own bodies, and we are group altruists in the sense and to the extent that this maximizes the survival by reproduction of the copies of our genes residing in the bodies of others--that is, in the bodies of our genetic relatives, both descendant and non-descendant. [PAR] Darwinism and Human Affairs , University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1979, pages xii-xiii. [PAR] Ethan Allen (1738-1789) [PAR] American revolutionary. [PAR] Those who invalidate reason ought seriously to consider whether they argue against reason with or without reason; if with reason, then they establish the principle that they are laboring to dethrone: but if they argue without reason (which, in order to be consistent with themselves they must do), they are out of reach of rational conviction, nor do they deserve a rational argument. [PAR] Cited in Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World, Ballantine Books, 1996, p. 255. [PAR] Gordon W. Allport (1897-1967) [PAR] Professor of psychology, Harvard University. [PAR] College professors are suspect because whenever emotion is in control, anti-intellectualism prevails. [PAR] From The Nature of Prejudice, Doubleday Anchor Books, 1958, p. 246. [PAR] Alphonso the Wise (1221-1289) [PAR] If the Lord Almighty had consulted me before embarking on Creation, I should have recommended something simpler. [PAR] Quoted in J. D. Murray, Mathematical Biology, Springer-Verlag, 1989. [PAR] Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) [PAR] Cautious, careful people, always casting about to preserve their reputation and social standing, never can bring about reform. Those who are really in earnest must be willing to be anything or nothing in the world's estimation, and publicly and privately, in season and out, avow their sympathy with despised and persecuted ideas and their advocates, and bear the consequences. [PAR] 1860. From Lynn Sherr, Failure is Impossible: Susan B. Anthony in Her Own Words (1995). [PAR] The religious persecution of the ages has been done under what was claimed to be the command of God. I distrust those people who know so well what God wants them to do to their fellows, because it always coincides with their own desires. [PAR] A defense of Elizabeth Cady Stanton against a motion to repudiate her Woman's Bible at a meeting of the National-American Woman Suffrage Association 1896 Convention, HWS,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise - Traveller.com.au The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise [PAR] The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise [PAR] Sep 12 2011 [PAR] It has been 10 years since Ansett collapsed. [PAR] Photo: Dallas Kilponen [PAR] Share on Google Plus [PAR] If you want the exact date, this Wednesday, September 14, will be the 10th anniversary of the greatest crisis the Australian travel industry has ever faced, which was masked by the other great disaster America is commemorating today. [PAR] Nine eleven, as it has come to be known, collapsed the American domestic air travel business into a hole from which it did not re-emerge for years. [PAR] See Also [PAR] Australia travel guide [PAR] On the other side of the world, the bankruptcy of Ansett \u2013 mismanaged in the 1990s by its lazy Australian management, then taken over by greedy New Zealand raiders in 2000 \u2013 not only collapsed the Australian domestic market, but initially gifted more than 90 per cent of what was left to Qantas, whose domestic division in the 1990s had more often than not been the straggler to Ansett\u2019s market leader. [PAR] SHARE [PAR] The end ... a tearful Ansett employee during the final days of the airline. [PAR] Photo: Craig Abraham [PAR] Qantas eventually drew \u201ca line in the sand\u201d at 65 per cent of the domestic market as the little backpackers\u2019 budget airline, Virgin Blue, grew to become its only viable opposition. [PAR] The fact that the renamed Virgin Australia did not even have a business-class product until three months ago gave Qantas a 10-year free ride as the airline of choice for corporate Australia, a goldmine that still subsidises the disaster that Qantas International has become. [PAR] Ansett was not quite a carbon copy, but similar to what became of some of travel\u2019s greatest names in America, when the US deregulated the airline industry in 1978. [PAR] Ansett had had more than a decade to get its sky-high operating costs under control after the Australian industry was deregulated in 1989. It cost Ansett and Australian Airlines (the government-owned domestic carrier taken over by Qantas in 1993) hundreds of millions of dollars in losses to outlast Australia\u2019s first generation of budget carriers, Compass Mark I and II between 1990 and 1993. [PAR] After the first raiders were seen off, Qantas and Ansett continued to behave like the born-to-rule: the cheapest fare between Melbourne and Sydney was $239 return and if you didn\u2019t like it, you could walk. [PAR] It cost the incumbents around $120 to fly a Melbourne-Sydney seat compared with around half that for today\u2019s low-cost carriers like Tiger and Jetstar, even with the astronomical airport fees they are forced to pay. [PAR] When the aggressive Brierley Investments had control of Ansett in the last days, there was massive cost-cutting as a New Zealand razor gang went through Ansett headquarters in Franklin Street, Melbourne. [PAR] Ansett\u2019s 16,000 staff were demoralised and fearful of the future. The cost-cutting is thought to have caused defective book-keeping in the maintenance records department, which led to the grounding of Ansett\u2019s Boeing 767 fleet in April 2001, barely a day before the busy Easter holidays. [PAR] Ansett lost public confidence and never regained it. It was a coincidence that air travel on the other side of the world would also be decimated by unrelated events in September 2001. [PAR] What are you memories of Ansett? Do you remember them as the bad old days when flying was much more expensive, or something more benign? Were you one of many who caught the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where to Study | SUNY Empire State College Locations | SUNY Empire State College [PAR] New Search Show All Locations [PAR] Learn Where You Live [PAR] SUNY Empire brings the classroom to you. Study part-time or full-time, onsite or online. You can even combine onsite and online learning and experience the best of both worlds. [PAR] Take your pick. SUNY Empire offers more than 500 online courses, 35 learning centers across New York state, and collaborative three-day residencies in Albany and Saratoga Springs. [PAR] 800-847-3000 [PAR] Take the Next Step [PAR] Ready to advance your education and career? There\u2019s no time like the present. Apply now, or learn more about SUNY Empire at one of our information sessions.[DOC] [TLE] SUNY Empire State College | Ranking & Review SUNY Empire State College | Ranking & Review [PAR] Review and web ranking of SUNY Empire State College. [PAR] SUNY Empire State College [PAR] To put this University ranking on your site or blog simply copy the code [PAR] below and paste it into the webpage where you would like it to appear. [PAR] <!-- 4icu.org University Ranking -- > <iframe src =\"http://www.4icu.org/reviews/rankings/university-ranking-6169.htm\" width=\"150\" height=\"60\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" > </iframe > <!-- end -- > [PAR] OVERVIEW [PAR] report error [PAR] Founded in 1971, SUNY Empire State College is a non-profit public higher education institution located in the the suburban setting of the medium-sized town of Saratoga Springs (population range of 10,000-49,999 inhabitants), New York. Officially accredited/recognized by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, SUNY Empire State College (ESC) is a large (enrollment range: 15,000-19,999 students) coeducational higher education institution. SUNY Empire State College (ESC) offers courses and programs leading to officialy recognized higher education degrees such as associate degrees, bachelor degrees, master degrees in several areas of study. This 45 years old HE institution has a selective admission policy based on students' past academic record and grades. The admission rate range is 60-70% making this US higher education organization a somewhat selective institution. International students are welcome to apply for enrollment. ESC also provides several academic and non-academic facilities and services to students including a library, financial aids and/or scholarships, online courses and distance learning opportunities, as well as administrative services. [PAR] SITE SEARCH [PAR] Searching this University website at esc.edu [PAR] GENERAL INFO"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed ... Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed resistance - Telegraph [PAR] South Africa [PAR] Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed resistance [PAR] Nelson Mandela set up the African National Congress' armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), in 1961 when he lost hope that passive and non-violent resistance to the apartheid government would bear fruit. [PAR] Nelson Mandela outside Westminster Abbey in 1962 Photo: REX [PAR] Follow [PAR] It was launched on December 16, the same day as the Afrikaners defeated the Zulus at the Battle of the Blood River 100 years earlier, not long after the massacre in Sharpeville of 69 unarmed protesters by the security police. [PAR] With no military training himself, and in hiding from the government, Mr Mandela travelled abroad where he was offered financial and practical help by countries including Ethiopia and Algeria. [PAR] Mr Mandela was adamant that MK, as the armed unit was called, would not kill people but its tactics would be aimed at sabotage. In his own words, the aim was to \"hit back by all means within our power in defence of our people, our future and our freedom\". [PAR] On his return to South Africa, Mr Mandela and his colleagues set up regional command units and set about training their army in bomb making and clandestine operations. [PAR] MK carried out numerous bombings during the next 20 years and the pledge not to kill became redundant \u2013 in the whole campaign, at least 63 people died and 483 people were injured. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online [PAR] South African History Online [PAR] Jabulile Nyawose [PAR] Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) logo [PAR] On 16 December, 1961, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). [PAR] The formation of the MK [PAR] Umkhonto weSizwe (\"Spear of the Nation\") or 'MK' as it was more commonly known, was launched on the 16th December 1961. On the same day in 1838, the Afrikaners had defeated the Zulus at the Battle of the Blood River and it was perhaps significant that the armed struggle was launched on this particular day, more than one hundred years later. The formation of MK followed a series of events that made it necessary for the national liberation movements in South Africa to move towards a more significant challenge to the white minority government. The African National Congress (ANC) , together with the South African Communist Party (SACP) and the members of the Congress Alliance, the South African Indian Congress, the Coloured People\u2019s Congress and the Congress of the Democrats, had been engaged in peaceful acts of resistance which aimed at forcing the government to eventually recognise the rights of Black people in South Africa. However, the 1950s and the early 1960s, showed the intension by the South African government to further isolate the country\u2019s black people through various laws and severe repressive measures. In addition, in the face of repressive measures by the state, came the need to change tactics in the manner in which the ANC, SACP and the Congress Alliance had been approaching the struggle for freedom and equality. [PAR] Crowds fleeing from bullets on the day of the Massacre [PAR] Changing tactics was not going to be a simple and easy thing for the ANC, because for a long time it had embraced the \u2018non-violence\u2019 approach, an approach favored by Chief Albert Luthuli , President"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20 Die in Italy As U.S. Jet Cuts A Ski Lift Cable ... 20 Die in Italy As U.S. Jet Cuts A Ski Lift Cable - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] World |20 Die in Italy As U.S. Jet Cuts A Ski Lift Cable [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] A low-flying United States military jet on a training flight over the craggy Dolomite mountains here cut the cable of a ski lift today, sending a cable car plunging 260 feet into a snowy meadow and killing everyone aboard. [PAR] The authorities said 20 bodies had been recovered from the wreckage on a slope just south of this Alpine hamlet. [PAR] The Marine Corps plane made an emergency landing safely, and none of the four crew members were injured, a Marine spokesman said. [PAR] Local officials said they had complained repeatedly of low-flying military aircraft -- stunt-flying, some called it -- near these mountain cable systems, including instances when pilots flew below the cable lines on their way back to a NATO air base at Aviano, in northern Italy. [PAR] In nearby Trento, the President of the regional government, Carlo Andreotti, was quoted by the Italian news agency ANSA as saying, ''The military aircraft must stop playing war games, putting people's safety in grave danger.'' [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] ''Many people say the military planes even play games by actually passing under the cables of the ski lifts,'' said Mr. Andreotti, who was among officials who arrived here this afternoon. [PAR] The Pentagon's spokesman, Kenneth H. Bacon, said, ''There will have to be a full investigation.'' He added that it was premature to discuss the cause of the accident or any complaints about previous flights. [PAR] A Marine Corps spokesman in Washington, Maj. David LaPan, said tonight that reports of civilian complaints would be considered by an accident investigation team that was to leave the Marine Corps air station at Cherry Point, N.C., this evening. [PAR] The accident was the third involving cable cars here in little more than 20 years. The last incident, in 1987, involved a low-flying civilian plane that also sliced a cable and left 24 passengers hanging in a stranded car. That time, no one was killed. [PAR] The aircraft involved in today's accident, a sophisticated electronic surveillance jet known as an EA-6B ''Prowler,'' ordinarily used to patrol the skies over Bosnia to the east, returned to the Aviano base. The plane was only slightly damaged, the authorities said. [PAR] Italian television reported that 14 of the 20 dead had been identified. They included Italian, German, Belgian and Polish vacationers. [PAR] Soldiers of the Italian Army who carried the first bodies from the site of the crash described a scene of horror inside the crushed and overturned cable car. Bodies were twisted, they said, and the faces of the dead were described as contorted in terror. [PAR] Several rescuers, who worked with the help of a hydraulic crane, broke down during the work. A local Catholic priest blessed the bodies as they were taken away. [PAR] Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. [PAR] Invalid email address. Please re-enter. [PAR] You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. [PAR] Sign Up [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] The crash occurred at about 3:30 P.M. local time, when residents of Cavalese said they heard a enormous boom at about the time the plane was thought to have hit the cable. Some people said the force of the boom was strong enough"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Pavarotti & Friends Together For The Children ... Amazon.com: Pavarotti & Friends Together For The Children Of Bosnia: Bono and Brian Eno and Dolores O'Riordan and Gam Gam and Jovanotti and Luciano Pavarotti and Meat Loaf and Michael Bolton and Nenad Bach and Passengers and Simon Le Bon and The Edge and Zucchero: MP3 Downloads [PAR] Bono and Brian Eno and Dolores O'Riordan and Gam Gam and Jovanotti and Luciano Pavarotti and Meat Loaf and Michael Bolton and Nenad Bach and Passengers and Simon Le Bon and The Edge and Zucchero [PAR] MP3 Music, April 2, 1996 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] Your Amazon Music account is currently associated with a different marketplace. To enjoy Prime Music, go to Your Music Library and transfer your account to Amazon.com (US). [PAR] Fix in Music Library [PAR] Sold by Amazon Digital Services LLC. Additional taxes may apply. By placing your order, you agree to our Terms of Use . [PAR] Popular Albums [PAR] Original Release Date: February 12, 1996 [PAR] Release Date: April 2, 1996 [PAR] Label: Decca [PAR] Copyright: \u2117\u00c2\u00a9 1996 Decca Music Group Limited [PAR] Record Company Required Metadata: Music file metadata contains unique purchase identifier. Learn more . [PAR] Total Length: 1:18:49 [PAR] See all verified purchase reviews [PAR] Top Customer Reviews [PAR] By Arlene C on December 3, 2016 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] This was the first Pavarotti and Friends disc that I had heard. This is my second purchase of this disc (the first met an unfortunate end). While some of the songs don't really appeal to me most I like. [PAR] By A well shod girl on June 9, 2013 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] Amazing, inspiring, enchanting, great sound. This is my third purchase of this cd, yes cd, I'm old school. I absolutely love the selection and variations of the modern and spiritual pieces offered. Children will also love this, and it is a great introduction to the most notable voice of this earth. Will also stimulate conversation to educate children and adults of strife endured by countries and people's at war and how the most simple of life's daily activities become a blessing to accomplish . [PAR] By Bookarelife on July 28, 2016 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] Wonderful Concert. Michael Bolton will shock you. [PAR] By Leslie Swartz on November 21, 2014 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] A speedy delivery and awesome CD. I had a tape of this performance, so have been missing hearing [PAR] all the wonderful selections. Thanks! [PAR] By Thomas on January 10, 2012 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] you want some good music and love a change of pace this album is worth it. pavarotti sings lioke an angel bringing out some true music. i feel it was worth it to have in my collection. its a hard find and now that pavarotti is gone its going to get harder to find his music. [PAR] By Donna Driscoll on May 5, 2015 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] It's good [PAR] By Holly Delohery/Rosebud Carroll on February 7, 2014 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] I wish I had known the songs which were on CD. I would have had a better idea as to what I was selecting on this CD. [PAR] By Gilly Bean on January 3, 2001 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] A wonderful concert for a wonderful cause. The previous reviewer only gave it 4 stars because he said there were too many different styles of music. Well, that's the whole point. It is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] | Master The Cello | Master The Cello [PAR] Pablo Casals (1876 \u20131973) [PAR] Pablo Casals was actually named Pau Casals and was born in El Vendrell , Catalonia, Spain. [PAR] His father, was a parish organist, choirmaster and strict disciplinarian and he became Casals' first teacher in piano, song, violin, and organ. At age four Casals could play the violin, piano and flute and at the age of six he performed his first violin solo in public. He first encountered a cello-like instrument from a local traveling Catalan musician, who played a cello-strung broom handle. Upon request, his father built him a crude cello, using a gourd as a sound-box. When Casals was eleven, he heard a real cello performed by a group of traveling musicians, and his passion and dedication to teh instrument was ignited. [PAR] In 1888 his mother, took him to Barcelona, where he enrolled in the Escola Municipal de M\u00fasica. There he studied cello, theory, and piano. At thirteen, he discovered, in a second-hand music store in Barcelona, a tattered copy of Bach's six cello suites. He spent the next 13 years practicing them every day before he would perform them in public for the first time.He is perhaps best remembered for the recordings of the Bach Cello Suites he made from 1936 to 1939. [PAR] One day a Spanish composer Isaac Alb\u00e9niz heard him playing in a trio in a caf\u00e9 and gave him a letter of introduction to the private secretary of Mar\u00eda Cristina, the Queen Regent. Casals played many informal concerts in the palace, and was granted a royal stipend to study composition at the Conservatorio de M\u00fasica y Declamaci\u00f3n in Madrid. [PAR] After Madrid he had a short engagement in Paris as second cello in a theater orchestra and returned to Catalonia as part of the faculty of the Escola Municipal de M\u00fasica in Barcelona. [PAR] From 1899 he began touring and played in England for Queen Victoria, Spain, France, Netherlands, South America and United States, to great public and critical acclaim. In 1911 he played Brahms's Double Concerto for Violin and Cello with Fritz Kreisler . [PAR] He made his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York in 1904 and was invited to play at the White House for President Theodore Roosevelt.He returned to the White House in 1961 at the invitation of President John F. Kennedy [PAR] Back in Paris, Casals organized a trio with the pianist Alfred Cortot and the violinist Jacques Thibaud; they played concerts and made recordings until 1937. [PAR] In 1936, the Spanish Civil War began and Casals was exiled from Spain following the defeat of the Spainsh Republican government. He vowed not to return to Spain until democracy was restored. [PAR] He settled in the French village of Prada de Conflent, on the Spanish frontier and during WWII he made sporadic appearances as a cellist in the unoccupied zone of southern France and in Switzerland. He fiercely opposed the dictatorial regime of Francisco Franco and refused to appear in countries that recognized the authoritarian Spanish government. After marrying his third wife in 1957, 20-year-old Marta Monta\u00f1ez y Martinez from Puerto Rico, he resided in the town of Ceiba making an impact in the Puerto Rican music scene, by founding the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra in 1958, and the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico in 1959. [PAR] As a composer Casals created various peices his most famous being La Sardana, for an ensemble of cellos and El Pesebre that he presented to the United Nations during their anniversary in 1963. [PAR] One"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The highest paid careers in America today - NBC News The highest paid careers in America today - NBC News [PAR] Jul 3 2012, 7:32 am ET [PAR] The highest paid careers in America today [PAR] by Morgan Giordano [PAR] advertisement [PAR] A pharmacist makes an average salary of $112,160. Getty Images [PAR] A salary is one of the most compelling factors for individuals deciding on a career path, a degree or even where to live \u2014 because some parts of the U.S. pay higher wages, on average, for the same position. Although education can determine a worker's salary and even employment, not all high-paying jobs require advanced degrees. With data recently released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), CNBC.com took a look at the most highly compensated occupations in the country, based upon BLS job definitions. The BLS also breaks down average salaries geographically and by industry. The jobs listed here are placed in categories according to career path. The numbers are from 2011 \u2014 the most recent figures available. Here are the highest paying jobs in the country. [PAR] No. 15: Pharmacist [PAR] \u2022Average Salary: $112,160 [PAR] \u2022Current Employment: 272,320 [PAR] Pharmacists are not only responsible for dispensing prescription drugs, but they also provide patients with information pertaining to potential side effects and correct dosage amounts. Pharmacists are required to have a doctor of pharmacy degree (Pharm.D.), a four-year professional degree. They also must be licensed, which requires passing two exams. The highest paid pharmacists in the country are found in the sparsely populated states of Alaska ($125,330) and Maine ($125,310), according to the BLS. The third highest paying state, however, is California ($122,800) with 22,960 currently employed in the profession. California is also home to the three highest paying metropolitan areas for this occupation: El Centro ($163,410), Napa ($140,230) and Santa Cruz-Watsonville ($140,220). While these cities have the highest pay scales, the rest of California drops the individual state incomes below Alaska and Maine. [PAR] No. 14: Air traffic controller [PAR] \u2022Average annual salary: $114,460 [PAR] \u2022Current employment: 23,580 [PAR] Air traffic controllers regulate air traffic, managing the movement of aircraft between various altitudes and areas while following strict safety regulations. Qualifications to be an air traffic controller include completing an air traffic management degree from a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certified school, achieving a qualifying score on the FAA pre-employment test and completing a training course at the FAA Academy, according to the BLS. Those without previous air traffic control experience (military) must be younger than 31 to become an air traffic controller. The highest concentration of air traffic controllers can be found in Alaska (1.86 per 1,000 jobs), New Hampshire (0.84 per 1,000 jobs) and New Mexico (0.57 per 1,000 jobs). Anchorage, Alaska, has the highest concentration of air traffic controllers of any city in the U.S., according to the BLS, with 580 employees or 1.86 per 1,000 jobs. However, Alaska has one of the lowest annual salaries for this career at $96,270 which is far below the national average ($114,460). [PAR] No. 13: Sales manager [PAR] \u2022Average annual salary: $116,860 [PAR] \u2022Current employment: 328,230 [PAR] Sales managers are responsible for planning, directing and coordinating the distribution of products and services to corporate clients or customers. The position also involves understanding the marketplace, analyzing sales statistics and monitoring customer preferences. To become an entry-level sales manager, it highly beneficial to have a bachelor\u2019s degree. However, it is not required by all firms. California employs the most sales managers with 53,190 employees or 3.79 sales managers per 1,000 jobs, while New York has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europe Airports - Santander (SDR) Santander (Seve Ballesteros) Airport, Spain (SDR) - Guide & Flights [PAR] Santander Airport Arrivals/Departures [PAR] Santander Airport, otherwise known as Seve Ballesteros Airport, is located 5Km South of Santander on the Costa verde, in the Cantabria region, northern Spain. [PAR] Santander airport has undergone exapansion and improvement work due to the incresed passenger numbers in the last few years. A new departures and catering area is in use. [PAR] A bus runs from the airport to Santander bus station every half hour for most of the day for 2 Euros (journey time 15 minutes). [PAR] Other bus services connect the airport with Bilbao, Gij\ufffdn, Oviedo, and Laredo. [PAR] Taxi to Santander costs around 20 Euros. [PAR] Facilities include 2 cafe/restaurant, a shop, 2 ATM's, and WiFi Internet access. [PAR] Passenger numbers totalled 876,000 in 2016, an increase of 7% from the previous year. [PAR] Flights to Santander Seve Ballesteros Airport from UK or Ireland airports[DOC] [TLE] Santander - Corporate website Corporate website [PAR] Grupo Santander's intranet ranked in top 10 worldwide according to Nielsen Norman Group [PAR] 10/01/2017 [PAR] Corporate Centre's intranet has been ranked in the top 10 published by Nielsen Norman Group, which recognises the best intranets worldwide, and includes those of major companies such as Bank of America and IBM. The aspects evaluated include design and usability, the unification of various content under the same portal, the possibility to personalise the site, its responsive design (the screen adapts to the type of device used) and, above all, its ease of use and user satisfaction. [PAR] Apple Pay now available to Banco Santander customers in Spain [PAR] 01/12/2016 [PAR] Banco Santander today brings its customers Apple Pay, an easy, secure and private way to pay that\u2019s fast and convenient. Santander is the first Spanish financial institution to offer Apple Pay to its customers. Redsys and Mastercard collaborated in the initiative. \u201cApple Pay shows we are committed to collaborate and to bring innovation and new technology to our customers to make their payments easier, faster and more secure,\u201d said Rami Aboukhair, country head of Santander Spain. \"We are convinced our customers will love it.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship - Oppositelock Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship [PAR] Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] No one has ever achieved the feat of being Formula One World Champion AND IndyCar Champion at the same time, except one man - Nigel Mansell. And here\u2019s how he did it. [PAR] Only three other drivers managed to reign both series and all of them come close to being or just simply are stuff of legend - Mario Andretti, Emerson Fittipaldi and Jacques Villeneuve, but Mansell was the only one winning the two championships back to back, resulting in being champion at both at once with the 1993 F1 World Championship not being decided yet by the time he already won the IndyCar title the same year. [PAR] Frank Williams is not an easy man to deal with, nor Nigel Mansell. Together they were like mixing two different, highly explosive material. Still, both are quite magnificent in their own way, which ultimately lead to Mansell winning the 1992 Formula One World Championship with the team (helped by the super-gizmo active suspension system ) after having spent 12 years in the series. But push comes to shove, the two people eventually fell out and Mansell left Williams\u2019 team as the latter wished to sign Alain Prost as his team mate. These two have already been together at Ferrari in 1990 and having had a quite strained relationship back then, Mansell decided to bow out. [Note: Ironically, after Prost joined Williams and won the championship in 1993, he, too, left Williams for the same reason as Senna was signed for 1994. Their earlier, stressful relationship at McLaren is widely documented and is one of the most cited periods of all F1's history.] [PAR] Formula One's Next Frontier: Active Suspension and Aerodynamics? Formula One's Next Frontier: Active Suspension and Aerodynamics? Formula One's Next Frontier: Active Suspension\u2026 [PAR] It has been a five-year journey since F1 started its energy efficiency campaign with the\u2026 Read more Read more [PAR] Soon after, Mansell was already testing with the Newman/Haas IndyCar team at the Firebird International Raceway outside Phoenix, Arizona, the same place Ayrton Senna had his own private test with Penske, literally a few weeks before. [PAR] ...or indeed he was just bluffing? Read more Read more [PAR] While Senna was driving the 1992 Penske Chevy just for kicks against Emerson Fittipaldi\u2019s car for the 1993 season, Mansell was testing the 1993 Lola Ford hard for the upcoming season. A season that included drivers like Mario Andretti, A.J. Foyt, Eddie Cheever, Emerson Fittipaldi, Paul Tracy, Al Unser, Jr., Bobby Rahal, Jimmy Vasser, etc. [PAR] No change is simple enough, and although F1 and Indy cars might look quite similar, it is still a challenge to adapt from one to another, mastering them as he now should explain the differences : [PAR] Cue Laguna Seca Read more Read more [PAR] The first race of the season at Surfers\u2019 Paradise started strong with a pole position,continued with a fastest lap during race and finished the weekend off with a race win: [PAR] His first oval race at Phoenix right after that, however, did not go so well. Crashed into the wall, suffering a back injury: [PAR] This did not encourage him though, he was quick to return to pole position at Long Beach, which he tackled before during his Formula One years: [PAR] Morning Showroom: The 1982 Formula One Grand Prix of Long Beach Morning Showroom: The 1982 Formula One Grand Prix of Long Beach Morning Showroom: The 1982 Formula One Grand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas R. Marshall | vice president of United States ... Thomas R. Marshall | vice president of United States | Britannica.com [PAR] vice president of United States [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Alternative Title: Thomas Riley Marshall [PAR] Thomas R. Marshall [PAR] Vice president of United States [PAR] Also known as [PAR] Woodrow Wilson [PAR] Thomas R. Marshall, (born March 14, 1854, North Manchester, Ind., U.S.\u2014died June 1, 1925, Washington, D.C.), 28th vice president of the United States (1913\u201321) in the Democratic administration of President Woodrow Wilson . He was the first vice president in almost a century to serve two terms in office. A popular public official, he was heard to make the oft-quoted remark: \u201cWhat this country needs is a really good five-cent cigar.\u201d [PAR] Thomas Marshall. [PAR] Culver Pictures [PAR] Marshall was the son of Daniel M. Marshall, a physician, and Martha Patterson. Graduating from Wabash College in 1873, he was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1875 and practiced law for almost 35 years in Columbia City (1875\u20131909). A forceful and entertaining speaker, he was elected governor of Indiana in 1908 and during the next four years sponsored an extensive program of progressive social legislation. Largely because of his record in office, his name was presented as a favourite-son candidate for president at the Democratic National Convention of 1912. After Wilson won the nomination on the 46th ballot, his advisers\u2014who had secretly promised Marshall the vice presidency in return for supporting Wilson\u2014suggested Marshall as vice president. Despite Wilson\u2019s opinion of Marshall as a \u201cvery small calibre man,\u201d electoral calculations eventually swayed him to support Marshall\u2019s nomination. [PAR] Marshall\u2019s personal influence on legislation was a powerful aid to the Wilson administration, although some opponents viewed him as a dangerous radical. He advocated strict neutrality prior to World War I \u2014a stand he later regretted\u2014supported American membership in the League of Nations , and opposed woman suffrage . When Wilson suffered a stroke that partially paralyzed him in 1919, Marshall steadfastly refused to assume the powers of the presidency without written requests from first lady Edith Wilson and the president\u2019s doctor and a congressional resolution, fearing that he would be accused of \u201clonging for [Wilson\u2019s] place.\u201d While Wilson was incapacitated, Marshall presided over cabinet meetings but made no major decisions. Although he was discussed as a potential presidential candidate in both 1920 and 1924, Marshall never actively sought the nomination. His homespun philosophy and humour are recorded in Recollections of Thomas R. Marshall, Vice-President and Hoosier Philosopher: A Hoosier Salad (1925). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ryder Cup: The greatest moment as voted for by you - BBC Sport Ryder Cup: The greatest moment as voted for by you - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] Ryder Cup: The greatest moment as voted for by you [PAR] 18 Sep 2014 [PAR] The biennial tussle between Europe and the USA has a back catalogue of classic moments and BBC Sport selected 10 of the greatest. [PAR] Ahead of next week's contest at Gleneagles, we asked you to choose the best from our shortlist. [PAR] Find out how you voted below and click here to listen to the BBC Radio 5 live debate. [PAR] 1st (47%) - Poulter's five straight birdies provide spark for Europe's \"Miracle at Medinah\" - 2012 [PAR] The scene: Holders Europe, containing four of the top five players in the world, were heading for the kind of defeat they had not experienced for more than 30 years. [PAR] Media playback is not supported on this device [PAR] 2012: Poulter sparks Miracle at Medinah [PAR] At 10-4 down on Saturday afternoon, they were at least boosted by a one-hole win for Sergio Garcia and Luke Donald over Tiger Woods and Steve Stricker. However, Ian Poulter and Rory McIlroy were two down on Jason Dufner and Dustin Johnson with six to play. [PAR] The moment: Not so much one moment but five of them as Poulter, a European talisman with 10 victories in his previous 13 matches, hit the hottest of putting streaks. [PAR] In birdieing each of the final five holes, Poulter charged to a one-hole win, sealing victory with a nerveless 10-footer in the gloom of the 18th. [PAR] His wide-eyed, fist-pumping roar was a sign of visiting defiance. \"We have a pulse,\" he later told his team-mates. What followed was the greatest European comeback in the history of the Cup. [PAR] Eight-and-a-half points taken from the singles might have been the Miracle of Medinah, but Europe would have been too far back had it not been for Poulter's heroics. [PAR] Poulter: \"You know what, these might be my majors. If they are, that's fine. If this is it, I'm a happy man. I've got more pride and passion to give in the Ryder Cup than I feel to win a major.\" [PAR] 2nd (22%) - Clarke's emotional reception on the first tee following the death of his wife - 2006 [PAR] The scene: Europe not only defended the Cup in 2004, but handed out an 18\u00bd-9\u00bd thrashing at Oakland Hills. That, though, seemed irrelevant in the build-up to 2006 at the K Club in Ireland. [PAR] Media playback is not supported on this device [PAR] 2006: Clarke gets emotional reception at the K Club [PAR] Darren Clarke's wife Heather died of cancer shortly after that year's Open, with Clarke subsequently halting all his playing commitments. [PAR] Clarke would need a wildcard selection from captain Ian Woosnam and, when it was offered, Clarke accepted in accordance with the dying wish of his wife. [PAR] The moment: Clarke was partnered with Lee Westwood in the final fourball match on a crisp, clear first morning in Dublin. As the pair left the putting green, Westwood went on ahead to \"work the crowd\" and when the Northern Irishman strode into the arena around the first tee he was hit with what he later described as a \"tsunami of noise\". [PAR] With lumps in every throat, and Westwood and Clarke's caddie Billy Foster in tears, Clarke belted a 300-yard drive down the middle and birdied the first. [PAR] The Europeans beat Phil Mickelson and Chris DiMarco"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The My Hero Project - Ellen Church The My Hero Project - Ellen Church [PAR] ELLEN CHURCH [PAR] kcet/chasingthesun/ [PAR] innovators/echurch.html [PAR] A hero is someone you admire, someone with many accomplishments, someone ambitious. Ellen Church fulfills all of these qualities. A hero should be someone strong who strives to achieve their goals. Ellen Church persevered and ended up creating job opportunities for many people. By starting \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsky girls,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd now known as flight attendants, Ellen Church changed the world, giving the public a new calm when flying. [PAR] Photo from http://www.pbs.org/ [PAR] kcet/chasingthesun/ [PAR] innovators/echurch.html [PAR] In 1930 Ellen Church began \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsky girls\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd to promote air travel, and in the process, helped young girls earn much needed pay. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIt was the beginning of the Depression, and a job was a job. Flying was a new thing. People would line up to see us come in,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd said Margaret Arnott, 83, one of the original eight flight attendants. With the help of Boeing Air Transport\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds (BAT) Stephen Stimpson, this idea became the new reality and trend of all airlines. However when Ellen Church first approached Stephen Stimpson, being a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsky girl\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd wasn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt exactly what she had in mind. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdChurch actually wanted to become a pilot,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd said Claudia Oakes, curator of aeronautics at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. [PAR] Church did not become discouraged by being rejected, and immediately proposed her idea of starting to place nurses on planes to ease the public\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds fear of flying. Stephen Stimpson agreed to this and decided to give \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsky girls\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a three month trial run. On May 15, 1930, Ellen Church and seven other registered nurses boarded the first flight ever to have flight attendants. The plane traveled from San Francisco to Chicago in 20 hours, stopping in 13 airports to collect more passengers and re-fuel. The sky girls were a hit. Within the next few years almost every airline followed BAT\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds lead and introduced their passengers to flight attendants. Although it may seem to have been glamorous being able to travel all the time, it was not an easy job at all. It required dedication and attention to detail to make sure that their passengers were as comfortable and safe as possible. They not only assisted passengers, but they also hauled luggage on board, screwed down loose seats, fueled the planes, and helped pilots to push planes into hangers. [PAR] Photo from http://www.pbs.org/ [PAR] kcet/chasingthesun/ [PAR] innovators/echurch.html [PAR] At this time flight attendants were required to retire by age 31, however, this is not why Ellen Church stopped just after 18 months. She was grounded from an auto accident. During this time she completed her Bachelors Degree from the University of Minnesota and resumed her nursing career. In 1936 she became the supervisor of pediatrics at Milwaukee County Hospital. She left her job in 1942 to become a captain in the Army Nurse Corps, Air Evacuation Service for WWII. Ellen Church was eager to serve her country and thus earned an Air Medal for her wartime heroics in North Africa, Sicily, England, and France. She resumed her nursing career after the war, becoming nursing director at Terre Haute Union Hospital, and went on to be a hospital administrator. She finally married in 1964 to a man named Leonard B. Marshall. After many years as a nurse, she retired from nursing and took up the hobby of horseback riding. Just a year after her wedding, though, she was killed in a horseback riding accident. [PAR] Ellen Church\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds legacy lives on in the daily lives of millions of people in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information Russia [PAR] Send me a copy [PAR] Subject: [PAR] Email addresses provided here will be used solely to email the link indicated. They will not be saved, shared, or used again in any manner whatsoever. [PAR] The CAPTCHA code you entered is not valid, please reenter the CAPTCHA code [PAR] Russia [PAR] Last Updated: January 12, 2017 [PAR] Embassy Messages [PAR] Required six months beyond intended stay [PAR] BLANK PASSPORT PAGES: [PAR] $10,000 or more must be declared [PAR] CURRENCY RESTRICTIONS FOR EXIT: [PAR] You may export up to $3,000 (or equivalent) without declaring it. [PAR] Expand All [PAR] Bolshoy Deviatinsky Pereulok No. 8 [PAR] (Consular Section located at Novinskiy Bulvar 21) [PAR] Moscow 121099, Russian Federation [PAR] Telephone: +(7) (495) 728-5000 or +(7) (495) 728-5577 [PAR] Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(7) (495) 728-5000 [PAR] Fax: +(7) (495) 728-5084 [PAR] Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(7) (912) 939-5794 [PAR] Fax: +(7) (812) 331-2646 [PAR] Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(7) (914) 791-0067 [PAR] Fax: +(7) (4232) 300-091 [PAR] [PAR] Destination Description [PAR] See the Department of State\u2019s Fact Sheet on Russia for information on U.S. - Russia relations. [PAR] Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements [PAR] Russian authorities strictly enforce all visa and immigration laws. The Embassy of the Russian Federation website provides the most up to date information regarding visa regulations and requirements. In accordance with Russia\u2019s Entry-Exit Law , Russian authorities may deny entry or reentry into Russia for 5 years or more and cancel the visas of foreigners who have committed two \u201cadministrative\u201d violations within the past three years. Activities that are not specifically covered by the traveler\u2019s visa may result in an administrative violation and deportation. [PAR] Under a bilateral agreement signed in 2012, qualified U.S. applicants for humanitarian, private, tourist, and business visas should request and receive multiple-entry visas with a validity of three years. Visas issued under the agreement permits stays in the territory of the Russian Federation for up to six consecutive months. (Please note that other types of visas are not part of the agreement and those visa holders should pay close attention to the terms of their visas.) You must exit Russia before your visa expires. The maximum period of stay is shown on the visa. [PAR] You must have a current U.S. passport with the appropriate visa. Russian visas in an expired or canceled passport are not valid. [PAR] Foreigners entering Russia will be fingerprinted. [PAR] You must obtain a valid visa for your specific purpose of travel before arriving in Russia, unless you are arriving as a cruise ship passenger (see below information for passengers of cruise ships and ferries). Do not attempt to enter Russia before the date shown on your visa. If you are staying in Russia for more than 7 days you must register your visa and migration card with the General Administration for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. [PAR] For a foreigner to receive a Russian visa, there must be a Russian sponsoring organization or individual. [PAR] You must list all areas in Russia that you intend to visit on your visa application. You will be arrested if you enter a restricted area, so it is vital that you include all destinations on your visa application. There is no centralized list or database of the restricted areas, so travelers should check with their sponsor, hotel, or the nearest office of the FMS before traveling to unfamiliar cities and towns. [PAR] You must carry your passport with you at all times. Russian police have the authority to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battlefield:Vietnam | Timeline - PBS Battlefield:Vietnam | Timeline [PAR] Looking out from a patrol boat during Operation Cedar Falls [PAR] February 21, 1967 [PAR] In one of the largest air-mobile assaults ever, 240 helicopters sweep over Tay Ninh province, beginning Operation Junction City. The goal of Junction City is to destroy Vietcong bases and the Vietcong military headquarters for South Vietnam, all of which are located in War Zone C, north of Saigon. Some 30,000 U.S. troops take part in the mission, joined by 5,000 men of the South Vietnamese Army. After 72 days, Junction City ends. American forces succeed in capturing large quantities of stores, equipment and weapons, but there are no large, decisive battles. [PAR] [PAR] Junction City was one of the largest helicopter assaults ever staged [PAR] April 24, 1967 [PAR] American attacks on North Vietnam's airfields begin. The attacks inflict heavy damage on runways and installations. By the end of the year, all but one of the North's Mig bases has been hit. [PAR] [PAR] May 1967 [PAR] Desperate air battles rage in the skies over Hanoi and Haiphong. America air forces shoot down 26 North Vietnamese jets, decreasing the North's pilot strength by half. [PAR] [PAR] Late May 1967 [PAR] In the Central Highlands of South Vietnam, Americans intercept North Vietnamese Army units moving in from Cambodia. Nine days of continuous battles leave hundreds of North Vietnamese soldiers dead. [PAR] [PAR] Soldiers fighting in the central highlands [PAR] Autumn 1967 [PAR] In Hanoi, as Communist forces are building up for the Tet Offensive, 200 senior officials are arrested in a crackdown on opponents of the Tet strategy. [PAR] [PAR] 1968 [PAR] Mid-January 1968 [PAR] In mid-January 1968 in the remote northwest corner of South Vietnam, elements of three NVA divisions begin to mass near the Marine base at Khe Sanh. The ominous proportions of the build-up lead the U.S. commanders to expect a major offensive in the northern provinces. [PAR] [PAR] January 21, 1968 [PAR] At 5:30 a.m., a shattering barrage of shells, mortars and rockets slam into the Marine base at Khe Sanh. Eighteen Marines are killed instantly, 40 are wounded. The initial attack continues for two days. [PAR] [PAR] Vietcong artillery [PAR] January 30 - 31, 1968 [PAR] On the Tet holiday, Vietcong units surge into action over the length and breadth of South Vietnam. In more than 100 cities and towns, shock attacks by Vietcong sapper-commandos are followed by wave after wave of supporting troops. By the end of the city battles, 37,000 Vietcong troops deployed for Tet have been killed. Many more had been wounded or captured, and the fighting had created more than a half million civilian refugees. Casualties included most of the Vietcong's best fighters, political officers and secret organizers; for the guerillas, Tet is nothing less than a catastrophe. But for the Americans, who lost 2,500 men, it is a serious blow to public support. [PAR] [PAR] Military police defend the US Embassy [PAR] February 23, 1968 [PAR] Over 1,300 artillery rounds hit the Marine base at Khe Sanh and its outposts, more than on any previous day of attacks. To withstand the constant assaults, bunkers at Khe Sanh are rebuilt to withstand 82mm mortar rounds. [PAR] [PAR] March 6, 1968 [PAR] While Marines wait for a massive assault, NVA forces retreat into the jungle around Khe Sanh. For the next three weeks, things are relatively quiet around the base. [PAR] [PAR] March 11, 1968 [PAR] Massive search and destroy sweeps are launched against Vietcong remnants around Saigon and other parts of South Vietnam. [PAR] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Keaton - IMDb Michael Keaton - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Producer [PAR] Quirky, inventive and handsome US actor, Michael Keaton first achieved major fame with his door busting performance as fast talking, ideas man \"Bill Blazejowski\" alongside nerdish morgue attendant Henry Winkler in Night Shift (1982). Keaton was born Michael John Douglas on September 5, 1951 in Coraopolis, Pennsylvannia, to Leona Elizabeth (Loftus),... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 47 people [PAR] created 24 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 49 people [PAR] created 15 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 16 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 people [PAR] created 12 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 people [PAR] created 04 Apr 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Michael Keaton's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 64 wins & 37 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Batman Returns Batman / Bruce Wayne [PAR] (1992) [PAR] 2015 Binky Nelson Unpacified (Video short) [PAR] Walter Nelson (voice) [PAR] 2011 30 Rock (TV Series) [PAR] Tom [PAR] 2002 Live from Baghdad (TV Movie) [PAR] Robert Wiener [PAR] 2001 The Simpsons (TV Series) [PAR] Jack Crowley [PAR] 1977 Klein Time (TV Movie) [PAR] Various [PAR] 1975 Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (TV Series) [PAR] Volunteer [PAR] - 1435 (1975) ... Volunteer (as Michael Douglas) [PAR] Hide [PAR] Soundtrack (3 credits) [PAR] 2016 The Founder (performer: \"Pennies from Heaven\") [PAR] 1998 Jack Frost (performer: \"Frosty the Snowman\", \"Don't Lose Your Faith\") / (writer: \"Don't Lose Your Faith\") [PAR] 1983 Mr. Mom (performer: \"Oh, Susanna!\" - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1999 Body Shots (executive producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1999 Making Life Beautiful (TV Short documentary) (thanks) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1989-2017 Good Morning America (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 1987-2017 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself / Himself - Birdman [PAR] 2016 Film 2016 (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Interviewee [PAR] Himself - Presenter: Actress-Motion Picture Comedy or Musical [PAR] 2015-2016 Extra (TV Series) [PAR] 2015 Inside Comedy (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1982-2015 Saturday Night Live (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Host / Various / Norman / ... [PAR] - Michael Keaton/Carly Rae Jepsen (2015) ... Himself - Host / Norman / Mr. Wallace / ... [PAR] - Michael Keaton/Morrissey (1992) ... Himself - Host / Eddie / David Green / ... [PAR] 2015 Inside Edition (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 The Insider (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2014 Hollywood Sessions (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2014 People Magazine Awards (TV Special) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2014 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2014 CBS This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2014 Hollywood Film Awards (TV Special) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2014 IMDb: What to Watch (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2014 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2014 In Character With... (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010-2014 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2011 Pixar: 25 Magic Moments (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 Buccaneers and Bones (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2008 Festival Updates (TV Series) [PAR] Himself (2008) [PAR] 2006 The Road to Cars (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 Making 'Game 6' (Video short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 Coraz\u00f3n de... (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] - Episode #2.200 (1993) ... Himself - Guest [PAR] 2004 Biography"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Uma Thurman - Biography - IMDb Uma Thurman - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Uma Thurman [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 112 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (63) | Personal Quotes (21) | Salary (19) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Uma Karuna Thurman was born in Boston, Massachusetts, into a highly unorthodox and Eurocentric family. She is the daughter of Nena Thurman (n\u00e9e Birgitte Caroline von Schlebr\u00fcgge), a fashion model and socialite who now runs a mountain retreat, and of Robert Thurman (Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman), a professor and academic who is one of the nation's foremost Buddhist scholars. Uma's mother was born in Mexico City, Mexico, to a German father and a Swedish mother (who herself was of Swedish, Danish, and German descent). Uma's father, a New Yorker, has English, Scots-Irish, Scottish, and German ancestry. Uma grew up in Amherst, Massachusetts, where her father worked at Amherst College. [PAR] Thurman's household was one in which the The Dalai Lama was an occasional guest; she and her siblings all have names deriving from Buddhist mythology; and Middle American behavior was little understood, much less pursued. And so it was that the young Thurman confronted childhood with an odd name and eccentric home life -- and nature seemingly conspired against her as well. She is six feet tall, and from an early age towered over everyone else in class. Her famously large feet would soon sprout to size 11 -- and even beyond that -- and although they would eventually be lovingly filmed by director Quentin Tarantino , as a child she generally wore the biggest shoes in class, which only provided another subject of ridicule. Even her long nose moved one of her mother's friends to helpfully suggest rhinoplasty -- to the ten-year-old Thurman. To make matters worse yet, the family constantly relocated, making the gangly, socially inept Thurman perpetually the new kid in class. The result was an exceptionally awkward, self-conscious, lonely and alienated childhood. [PAR] Unsurprisingly, the young Thurman enjoyed making believe she was someone other than herself, and so thrived at acting in school plays -- her sole successful extracurricular activity. This interest, and her lanky frame, perfect for modeling, led the 15-year-old Thurman to New York City for high school and modeling work (including a layout in Glamour Magazine) as she sought acting roles. The roles soon came, starting with a few formulaic and forgettable Hollywood products, but immediately followed by Terry Gilliam 's The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988) and Stephen Frears ' Dangerous Liaisons (1988), both of which brought much attention to her unorthodox sensuality and performances that intriguingly combined innocence and worldliness. The weird, gangly girl became a sex symbol virtually overnight. [PAR] Thurman continued to be offered good roles in Hollywood pictures into the early '90s, the least commercially successful but probably best-known of which was her smoldering, astonishingly-adult performance as June, Henry Miller 's wife, in Henry & June (1990), the first movie to actually receive the dreaded NC-17 rating in the USA. After a celebrated start, Thurman's career stalled in the early '90s with movies such as the mediocre Mad Dog and Glory (1993). Worse, her first starring role was in Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1993), which had endured a tortured journey from cult-favorite book to big-budget movie, and was a critical and financial debacle. Fortunately, Uma bounced back with a brilliant performance as Mia Wallace, that most unorthodox of all gangster's molls, in Tarantino's lauded, hugely"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] What do you do with an old ocean liner? [PAR] By Duncan Smith BBC News [PAR] 13 March 2015 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image copyright SS United States Conservancy [PAR] Image caption The SS United States still waits to be restored in Philadelphia after being withdrawn from transatlantic service in 1969 [PAR] The latest P&O \"superliner\" Britannia has been officially named by the Queen but what happens after cruise liners are past their sell-by date? [PAR] In their heyday ocean liners were the most advanced and luxurious forms of transport. The largest moving objects ever created by humans, they elegantly carried everyone from immigrants to politicians and film stars. [PAR] But like all good things, their lifespan must come to and end. For many, the future is bleak - the scrap yard and the possibility of ending up as razor blades beckons. [PAR] A select few, though, have escaped the scrap yard's blow torch. [PAR] The rusting hulk [PAR] Image copyright SS United States Conservancy [PAR] Image caption Rust in peace: The SS United States has spent more years laid up than she did in service [PAR] SS United States - flagship of the United States Line - won the Blue Riband for the fastest transatlantic crossing on her maiden voyage in 1952 - a record the ship holds to this day. [PAR] However, like her rival Cunard ships - the Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth - she could not compete with the fast and cheap commercial jet aircraft that soared overhead. After just 17 years at sea, she was withdrawn from service in 1969. [PAR] Sold in 1978, she went through a succession of owners and is now a gently rusting hulk, moored at a pier in Philadelphia, her former glories almost forgotten. [PAR] But there is hope the ship's future could still be bright. As of 2010 the ship has been owned by the non-profit SS United States Conservancy , which aims to restore her and convert her into a museum and retail/office development. [PAR] Susan Gibbs, its executive director, is the granddaughter of William Francis Gibbs, the naval architect who designed the ship. [PAR] \"Despite the peeling paint and forlorn appearance, the ship is structurally very sound,\" she said. [PAR] Image copyright SS United States Conservancy [PAR] Image caption In her heyday the SS United States was the most technologically advanced ocean liner afloat [PAR] The hotel [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption The Queen Mary and her sister ship the Queen Elizabeth provided a twice weekly transatlantic service for Cunard between the 1940s and 1960s [PAR] One of the world's most famous transatlantic liners, the RMS Queen Mary had a glittering career. She won the Blue Riband, counted Elizabeth Taylor, Bob Hope and Winston Churchill among her passengers and carried thousands of troops across the globe during World War Two. [PAR] Some 200,000 spectators gathered at the John Brown Shipyard in Clydebank for the christening of \"Hull 534\", when the Queen Mary was launched in 1934. As well as the largest and fastest liner of her time, she was the last word in ocean-going luxury and Art Deco interior design. [PAR] But times changed. In 1967, after 1,001 Atlantic crossings in 31 years, she was retired by operators Cunard. That was not the end of the line for the \"grand old lady\" of the seas though. [PAR] The City of Long Beach, California,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First astronauts introduced - Apr 09, 1959 - HISTORY.com First astronauts introduced - Apr 09, 1959 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First astronauts introduced [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On April 9, 1959, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) introduces America\u2019s first astronauts to the press: Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Virgil \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, Walter Schirra Jr., Alan Shepard Jr., and Donald Slayton. The seven men, all military test pilots, were carefully selected from a group of 32 candidates to take part in Project Mercury, America\u2019s first manned space program. NASA planned to begin manned orbital flights in 1961. [PAR] On October 4, 1957, the USSR scored the first victory of the \u201cspace race\u201d when it successfully launched the world\u2019s first artificial satellite, Sputnik, into Earth\u2019s orbit. In response, the United States consolidated its various military and civilian space efforts into NASA, which dedicated itself to beating the Soviets to manned space flight. In January 1959, NASA began the astronaut selection procedure, screening the records of 508 military test pilots and choosing 110 candidates. This number was arbitrarily divided into three groups, and the first two groups reported to Washington. Because of the high rate of volunteering, the third group was eliminated. Of the 62 pilots who volunteered, six were found to have grown too tall since their last medical examination. An initial battery of written tests, interviews, and medical history reviews further reduced the number of candidates to 36. After learning of the extreme physical and mental tests planned for them, four of these men dropped out. [PAR] The final 32 candidates traveled to the Lovelace Clinic in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where they underwent exhaustive medical and psychological examinations. The men proved so healthy, however, that only one candidate was eliminated. The remaining 31 candidates then traveled to the Wright Aeromedical Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio, where they underwent the most grueling part of the selection process. For six days and three nights, the men were subjected to various tortures that tested their tolerance of physical and psychological stress. Among other tests, the candidates were forced to spend an hour in a pressure chamber that simulated an altitude of 65,000 feet, and two hours in a chamber that was heated to 130 degrees Fahrenheit. At the end of one week, 18 candidates remained. From among these men, the selection committee was to choose six based on interviews, but seven candidates were so strong they ended up settling on that number. [PAR] After they were announced, the \u201cMercury Seven\u201d became overnight celebrities. The Mercury Project suffered some early setbacks, however, and on April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbited Earth in the world\u2019s first manned space flight. Less than one month later, on May 5, astronaut Alan Shepard was successfully launched into space on a suborbital flight. On February 20, 1962, in a major step for the U.S. space program, John Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth. NASA continued to trail the Soviets in space achievements until the late 1960s, when NASA\u2019s Apollo program put the first men on the moon and safely returned them to Earth. [PAR] In 1998, 36 years after his first space flight, John Glenn traveled into space again. Glenn, then 77 years old, was part of the Space Shuttle Discovery crew, whose 9-day research mission launched on October 29, 1998. Among the crew\u2019s investigations was a study of space flight and the aging process. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Anjelica Huston [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 59 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (39) | Personal Quotes (13) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Anjelica Huston was born on July 8, 1951 in Santa Monica, California, to prima ballerina Enrica \"Ricki\" (Soma) and director and actor John Huston . Her mother, who was from New York, was of Italian descent, and her father had English, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Huston spent most of her childhood overseas, in Ireland and England, and in 1969 first dipped her toe into the acting profession, taking a few small roles in her father's movies. However, in that year her mother died in a car accident, at 39, and Huston relocated to the United States, where the tall, exotically beautiful young woman modeled for several years. [PAR] While modeling, Huston had a few more small film roles, but decided to focus more on movies in the early 1980s. She prepared herself by reaching out to acting coach Peggy Feury and began to get roles. The first notable part was in Bob Rafelson 's remake of the classic noir movie The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981) (in which Jack Nicholson , with whom Huston was living at the time, was the star). After a few more years of on-again, off-again supporting work, her father perfectly cast her as calculating, imperious Maerose, the daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man (Nicholson again) in his film adaptation of Richard Condon 's Mafia-satire novel Prizzi's Honor (1985). Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, making her the first person in Academy Award history to win an Oscar when a parent and a grandparent (her father and grandfather Walter Huston ) had also won one. [PAR] Huston thereafter worked prolifically, including notable roles in Francis Ford Coppola 's - Gardens of Stone (1987), Barry Sonnenfeld 's film versions of the Charles Addams cartoons The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993), in which she portrayed Addams matriarch Morticia, Wes Anderson 's The Royal Tenenbaums (2001) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004). Probably her finest performance on-screen, however, was as Lilly, the veteran, iron-willed con artist in Stephen Frears ' The Grifters (1990), for which she received another Oscar nomination, this time for Best Actress. A sentimental favorite is her performance as the lead in her father's final film, an adaptation of James Joyce 's The Dead (1987) -- with her many years of residence in Ireland, Huston's Irish accent in the film is authentic. [PAR] Endowed with her father's great height and personal boldness, and her mother's beauty and aristocratic nose, Huston certainly cuts an imposing figure, and brings great confidence and authority to her performances. She clearly takes her craft seriously and has come into her own as a strong actress, emerging from under the shadow of her father, who passed away in 1987. Huston married the sculptor Robert Graham in 1992, The couple lived in the Los Angeles area before Graham's death in 2008. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Larry-115 [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] Daughter of John Huston and Ricki Soma. [PAR] Lived in Ireland when she was young. [PAR] Younger sister of Tony Huston . [PAR] She had a brief career as a model. [PAR] Currently lives in Pacific Palisades, California. [PAR] Is the third generation of Oscar winners."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Delta Connection by Hammond Innes - Fantastic Fiction The Delta Connection by Hammond Innes [PAR] A novel by Hammond Innes [PAR] [PAR] The first killing occurs in Constantza, the Romanian seaport on the Black Sea, but the next death happens a world away. At the heart of this thriller is the search for a missing woman - Vikki, the beautiful, adopted daughter of a dissident journalist. [PAR] [PAR] Used availability for Hammond Innes's The Delta Connection [PAR] See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article [PAR] RAF Gliding & Soaring Association [PAR] GSA Articles George Lee Article [PAR] George Lee Article [PAR] George Lee MBE on Gliding [PAR] Three times World Gliding Champion and ex GSA member George Lee MBE talks to www.rafgsa.org about his exploits in gliding, competition flying and his love for silent flight. [PAR] I was born in Ireland, just south of Dublin, and I had no connection to aviation with either family or friends. I did a lot of sea fishing in my younger years and I remember being fascinated by the sea birds soaring the local pier wall. I frequently dreamt that I was skimming along the waves in the manner of the albatross. A friend of mine told me one day that he was joining the RAF as an Aircraft Apprentice. I read the material that he had and saw that it was possible to be commissioned at the end of the three year training, so I decided to join up the same way. I discovered when I got to Halton that only two or three apprentices would be selected for commissioning out of an entry of some 160. As I was not gifted technically, I was not going to be one of that small group! [PAR] Just over a year into the training, I heard about the RAFGSA Centre at Bicester and I decided to try gliding to show motivation towards becoming a pilot. My first flight in a glider was in March 1963; a three minute circuit in light rain off a winch launch in a T21. I was enthralled by the experience, completely hooked; whatever happened in my professional life, I would continue gliding! I did continue gliding for the remainder of my apprenticeship and during my years working as an electrical fitter on the Hastings aircraft at RAF Colerne, during the course of which I became an instructor. [PAR] Against the odds, I was selected for pilot and officer training in 1967 and I did very little gliding over the next two years. When I completed my basic flying training there was a backlog in the system and I was faced with the prospect of spending a year away from flying training before commencing advanced training. I contacted Andy Gough, CFI of the RAFGSA Centre, and he arranged for me to spend that year on the staff at Bicester. Apart from running courses and building a lot of tugging hours, I flew a KA6CR in my first competition in 1970, the Inter-Services. I won the competition and, as with my first flight in a glider, I was hooked. Competition gliding is exciting! [PAR] Gliding again took a back seat from when I commenced advanced flying training until I was established on a Phantom squadron at RAF Coningsby. I flew a KA6E in my first Nationals at Dunstable in 1972, coming second. I then flew in various competitions over the next three years, winning the Open Class Nationals in 1974. I was selected to the British Team for the World Championships in Finland in 1976, winning in an ASW17. I was successful in retaining my title during the following two World Championships, becoming the first pilot to ever win three consecutive world titles. [PAR] I left the RAF in 1983 and joined Cathay Pacific Airways to fly 747s out of Hong Kong for the next fifteen years. They were rewarding years professionally but my gliding really suffered and I just managed to stay in touch with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Profile: Hosni Mubarak - BBC News Profile: Hosni Mubarak - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Image copyright AFP [PAR] Image caption Mubarak (left) became Egypt's fourth president after the assassination of Anwar Sadat (right) [PAR] Hosni Mubarak ruled Egypt for almost 30 years until he was swept from power in a wave of mass protests in February 2011. [PAR] Few expected that the little-known vice-president who was elevated to the presidency in the wake of Anwar Sadat's 1981 assassination would hold on to the country's top job for so long. [PAR] Sadat was assassinated by Islamist militants at a military parade in Cairo, and Mubarak was lucky to escape the shots as he sat next to him. [PAR] Since then, he has survived at least six assassination attempts - the narrowest escape shortly after his arrival in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, in 1995 to attend an African summit, when his limousine came under attack. [PAR] Image copyright AP [PAR] Image caption The former president's numerous court appearances often saw him on a stretcher and wearing trademark sunglasses [PAR] Besides his knack for dodging bullets, the former air force commander also managed to keep a hold on power by positioning himself as a trusted Western ally and fighting off a powerful opposition movement at home. [PAR] It all came to an end in a televised address on 1 February 2011, following mass protests in Cairo and other cities. Mubarak announced he had decided not to stand for re-election later that year. [PAR] Protests continued and on 10 February he appeared on state television to say he was handing over powers to his vice-president, but would remain as president. [PAR] The following day Vice-President Omar Suleiman made a terse announcement saying Mubarak was stepping down and the military's supreme council would run the country. [PAR] On trial [PAR] By late May 2011, judicial officials announced that Mr Mubarak, along with his two sons - Alaa and Gamal - would stand trial over the deaths of anti-government protesters. [PAR] So began a protracted series of court appearances - with the former president often been seen in the dock in an upright stretcher wearing his trademark sunglasses. [PAR] He has steadfastly argued his innocence - telling a retrial in August that that he was approaching the end of his life \"with a good conscience\". [PAR] Image copyright AP [PAR] Image caption Mubarak was charged with corruption and involvement in the killing of protesters [PAR] On 2 June 2012 he was found guilty of complicity in the murder of some of the demonstrators who took part in the wave of protests that began on 25 January 2011. Along with his former Interior Minister, Habib al-Adly, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for his crimes. [PAR] In January 2013 a court upheld an appeal against Mubarak's and al-Adly's convictions and granted retrials. Mubarak and his sons were also ordered to be retried on corruption charges for which they were originally acquitted. [PAR] Mubarak was released from prison in August that year but placed under house arrest before being transferred to a military hospital. [PAR] In May 2014, Mubarak was found guilty of embezzlement, and sentenced to three years in prison. His sons were sentenced to four years each. The convictions were overturned in January 2015, but by May a retrial reinstated the same sentences. [PAR] In November 2014, he was finally acquitted in a retrial of conspiring to kill protesters during the 2011 uprising against his rule. At the same time, he was also acquitted of corruption charges involving gas exports to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And ... History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And Literature 143 with Navidad at Orange Coast College - StudyBlue [PAR] Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. [PAR] History of Jazz -instrument match [PAR] History of Jazz -instrument match [PAR] Jessica M. [PAR] -played drums for Benny Goodman [PAR] -brought drums to the forefront [PAR] -great entertainer and performer [PAR] Earl \"Fatha\" Hines [PAR] Piano [PAR] created a style based on ragtime and stride, but goes further and demonstrates that the piano can be a strong solo instrument. Made it sound like a trumpet. [PAR] Also took out webbing between fingers [PAR] Advertisement ) [PAR] attended churches and took spirituals as his inspiration [PAR] uptown African American [PAR] had a lot of energy and volume [PAR] quick minded: improv [PAR] Deep, rich sonorous sound [PAR] Johnny Hodges [PAR] alto saxophonist; joined Ellington\u2019s band in 1928; took Bechet as his model; became one of Ellington\u2019s main soloists; sometimes he used a bluesy toughness and other times he used a gentle lyricism [PAR] Benny Goodman [PAR] -appliedjazz arrangements to current pop songs--brought dance music into mainstreasm [PAR] -advocate of integration in jazz [PAR] launced a number of small groups [PAR] Art Tatum [PAR] -Amazing technique and veolicty at the piano [PAR] -Reharmonization [PAR] -Blind in one eye and half blind in the other one [PAR] -\"Willow Weep for Me\" and \"Tiger Rag\" [PAR] -Transition to Be Bop [PAR] He was the first to record bass solos that departed from standard walking lines [PAR] Jo Jones [PAR] drummer; in the Count Basie band; a veteran of the Blue Devils; played with extraordinary lightness and a keen sense of ensemble [PAR] Freddie Green [PAR] close coordination with bass and drums [PAR] Lewis, Meade \"Lux\" [PAR] jazz pianist known for promoting the booie-woogie style in late 1930's [PAR] Charlie Christian [PAR] Jazz guitar with Benny Goodman - Electric guitar [PAR] Influence bebop [PAR] Helped connect jazz to rock n roll [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] ragtime pianist [PAR] Freddie Keppard [PAR] Cornet player known for use of mutes. Left with the Creole Jazz Band. He refused to record in 1916 b/c he though it would allow others to copy his sound/technique. Thus, the first band to record was the Original Dixie Land Jazz Band who were 5 white guys. >:( [PAR] Kid Ory [PAR] -recorded with Hot Five and Seven groups [PAR] King Oliver [PAR] Prominent cornet play. First black musician with a creole band to get work outside of NOLA. Taught Louis Armstrong and that generation of jazz musicians [PAR] Thomas \"Fats\" Walter [PAR] Studied with James P. Johnson [PAR] benny golson [PAR] bandleader and drummer, The Jazz Messengers, roots of music in church and blues, virtuosic [PAR] HARD BOP [PAR] Horace Silver [PAR] -Pianist [PAR] -During his time spent in Art Blakey's band he composed many of the tunes that incarnated the Hard Bop esthetic [PAR] -One of the top played jazz composers [PAR] -Brought the funky into jazz with his \"comping\" [PAR] sonny rollins [PAR] -THE leading tenor sax player in jazz for past 60 years [PAR] -mentored by thelonious monk [PAR] -worked with bud powell and JJ johnson at 19 [PAR] -shares career with miles davis [PAR] -still performs today at 84 [PAR] Ray Brown [PAR] original bass player in modern jazz quartet [PAR] bebob [PAR] Shelly Manne [PAR] NY drummer who flourished on the west coast (cool jazz flourished there in general). Worked with Charlie Parker and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks [PAR] Hearing Aid History [PAR] John Franklin/AFP/ \u00adGetty Images [PAR] The first hearing aids were enormous, horn-shaped trumpets with a large, open piece at one end that collected sound. The trumpet gradually tapered into a thin tube that funneled the sound into the ear. [PAR] The development of the modern hearing aid might not have been possible had it not been for the contributions of two of the greatest inventors of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Alexander Graham Bell electronically amplified sound in his telephone using a carbon microphone and battery -- a concept that was adopted by hearing aid manufacturers. In 1886, Thomas Edison invented the carbon transmitter, which changed sounds into electrical signals that could travel through wires and be converted back into sounds. This technology was used in the first hearing aids. [PAR] Up Next [PAR] Will nanobots perform surgery in the future? [PAR] The Industrial Revolution allowed for the mass production of hearing aids and created a new middle class that could afford the technology. In the 1800s, several companies, including George P. Pilling and Sons of Philadelphia , and Kirchner and Wilhelm of Stuttgart, Germany, produced their own versions of hearing aids. In 1898, the Dictograph Company introduced the first commercial carbon-type hearing aid. A year later, Miller Reese Hutchison, of the Akouphone company in Alabama, patented the first practical electrical hearing aid, which used a carbon transmitter and battery. It was so large that it had to sit on a table, and it sold for $400. [PAR] In the 1920s, vacuum tubes were introduced to hearing aids, which made sound amplification more efficient, but enormous batteries still made them cumbersome. [PAR] 1952 ushered in the age of the transistor hearing aids. The addition of these simple on/off switches finally enabled the advent of a smaller hearing aid. Early transistor hearing aids were designed to fit within the frames of eyeglasses . Later, they were adapted to fit behind the ear. The first transistor hearing aid to hit the market in late 1952 was sold by Sonotone for $229.50. [PAR] In the 1990s, hearing aids went digital. Sound quality improved and became more adjustable. Also during this time, programmable hearing aids were introduced. [PAR] At the turn of the 21st century, computer technology made hearing aids smaller and even more precise, with settings to accommodate virtually every type of listening environment. The newest generation of hearing aids can continually adjust themselves to improve sound quality and reduce background noise. [PAR] For more information on hearing aids and related topics, check out the links on the following page."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Any Morning by William Stafford | The Writer's Almanac ... Any Morning by William Stafford | The Writer's Almanac with Garrison Keillor [PAR] The Writer's Almanac with Garrison Keillor [PAR] Just lying on the couch and being happy. [PAR] Only humming a little, the quiet sound in the head. [PAR] Trouble is busy elsewhere at the moment, it has [PAR] so much to do in the world. [PAR] People who might judge are mostly asleep; they can't [PAR] monitor you all the time, and sometimes they forget. [PAR] When dawn flows over the hedge you can [PAR] get up and act busy. [PAR] Little corners like this, pieces of Heaven [PAR] left lying around, can be picked up and saved. [PAR] People won't even see that you have them, [PAR] they are so light and easy to hide. [PAR] Later in the day you can act like the others. [PAR] You can shake your head. You can frown. [PAR] \"Any Morning\" by William Stafford from Ohio Review Volume 50 (1993). \u00a9 1993 by William Stafford. Used by permission of the Permissions Company, Inc. on behalf of the Estate of William Stafford. ( buy now ) [PAR] It's the birthday of novelist Marilynne Robinson ( books by this author ), born in Sandpoint, Idaho (1943). Her first novel, Housekeeping (1980), is the story of two sisters in a town called Fingerbone, Idaho; their mother commits suicide and their aunt, an eccentric drifter, moves back to town to take care of them. Housekeeping got good reviews but didn't sell very well. [PAR] Robinson got a teaching fellowship at the University of Kent in England. She was alarmed to learn about a nuclear facility that was dumping toxic waste into the Irish Sea, while local children suffered from unusually high rates of cancer. She wrote Mother Country: Britain, the Welfare State, and Nuclear Pollution (1989), criticizing Britain for not caring enough. She said: \"I began what amounted to an effort to reeducate myself. After all those years of school, I felt there was little I knew that I could trust, and I did not want my books to be one more tributary to the sea of nonsense that really is what most conventional wisdom amounts to.\" [PAR] She went back to teaching at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop, and she immersed herself in reading. For years, she read journals and books about the early days of Iowa. She published a book of essays about theology. Then, almost 25 years after Housekeeping, Robinson published a second novel, called Gilead (2004). Set in 1956, the novel is a series of letters from a dying 76-year-old Congregationalist pastor in the town of Gilead, Iowa; the letters are all written to his seven-year-old son. A few years later, she published a third novel, Home (2008), a companion book to Gilead. [PAR] In Gilead, she wrote: \"Sometimes I have loved the peacefulness of an ordinary Sunday. It is like standing in a newly planted garden after a warm rain. You can feel the silent and invisible life. All it needs from you is that you take care not to trample on it.\" [PAR] It's the birthday of science writer Jonathan Weiner ( books by this author ), born in New York City (1953). His mother was a librarian and his father a physicist, and he was equally enchanted by literature and science; he couldn't decide which one to make the basis of his career. A few years out of Harvard, he was hired to write a companion book to the PBS series Planet Earth (1986),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Singer Sargent - The complete works John Singer Sargent - The complete works [PAR] John Singer Sargent (January 12, 1856 \u2013 April 14, 1925) was the most successful portrait painter of his era, as well as a gifted landscape painter and watercolorist. Sargent was born in Florence, Italy to American parents. [PAR] Sargent studied in Italy and Germany, and then in Paris under Emile Auguste Carolus-Duran. [PAR] Sargent studied with Carolus-Duran, whose influence would be pivotal, from 1874-1878. Carolus-Duran's atelier was progressive, dispensing with the traditional academic approach which required careful drawing and underpainting, in favor of the alla prima method of working directly on the canvas with a loaded brush, derived from Diego Vel\u00e1zquez. It was an approach which relied on the proper placement of tones of paint."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ... Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) in San Salvador, El Salvador | Hotels.com [PAR] Hotels in San Salvador near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) [PAR] Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) in the San Salvador area, El Salvador [PAR] Are you looking for a cheap Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) hotel, a 5 star Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) hotel or a family friendly Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) hotel? You just landed in the best site to find the best deals and offers on the most amazing accommodations for your stay. [PAR] When you search for hotels near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) with Hotels.com, you need to first check our online map and see the distance you will be from Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL), El Salvador. [PAR] Our maps are based on hotel search and display areas and neighborhoods of each hotel so you can see how close you are from Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) and refine your search within San Salvador or El Salvador based on closest public transportation, restaurants and entertainment so you can easily get around the city. All the hotels details page show an option for free or paid onsite parking. [PAR] If you wish to see the hotels with the highest featuring discounts and deals near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL), simply filter by price/ average nightly rate. We recommend you filter by star rating and read our genuine guest reviews so you can get the best quality hotel with the best discount. [PAR] One of the new features on Hotels.com guest reviews is that also show reviews from Expedia for Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) hotels and the TripAdvisor Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) hotels reviews so you can make sure that you checking with a reliable source. See the review scores on our San Salvador hotel information pages. [PAR] Make the most out of your family vacation when you book your accommodation with Hotels.com \u2013 book your hotel near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL), San Salvador after reviewing the facilities and amenities listed for each hotel. [PAR] After booking your hotel near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL), expect to receive your reservation confirmation in the mail in less than 10 minutes. The confirmation email contains more information on all nearby attractions, local directions and weather forecast, so you can better plan the days during your trip. [PAR] After getting the best hotel rates you can still save more by winning 1 free night! That\u2019s right, book 10 nights in any hotel near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL), San Salvador and after you sign up for the Welcome Rewards program, you are eligible hotel you receive 1 night free* [PAR] The best hotel deals are here: We have Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) hotel deals, Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) last minute deals and offers to get you the cheapest Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) hotel with our lowest price guarantee."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Popes With The Shortest Reigns Ever - Toptenz.net Top 10 Popes With The Shortest Reigns Ever - Toptenz.net [PAR] Toptenz.net [PAR] Posted by Simon Griffin on [PAR] February 27, 2013 [PAR] in History | 8,837 Views | 4 Responses [PAR] After February 28th, we will be sans Pope. Benedict XVI will retire after eight years as head of the Catholic Church, and go back to simply being Joseph Ratzinger: man of God and man who\u2019s dead tired of all those Emperor Palpatine jokes. [PAR] Dear Internet: after eight years, WE GET IT [PAR] Now, eight years is not a terribly long time time for a Pope; there have only been nine of them since 1903 out of a total of 266, so most of us won\u2019t have seen more than a few come and go. But compared to some of his predecessors, Benedict was around for an eternity. [PAR] The following list is comprised of reigns so short that most people at the time probably never even knew they were Pope at all. [PAR] 10. Benedict V and John Paul I (tied at 33 days) [PAR] In 963, Otto I, Duke of the Saxons, King of the Germans and Holy Roman Emperor, deposed of Pope John XII and placed Leo VIII in his place. The Roman people didn\u2019t accept Leo, however, and elected Benedict V as their true Pope. Outraged by this, Otto went to Rome, put Leo XII back in power, and brought Benedict V back to Germany, where he spent the rest of his life. Eventually, his remains were returned to Rome. Some do not regard Benedict as a true Pope, though both he and Leo are included in the official list of Popes. [PAR] In more recent times, John Paul I was elected Pope August 26, 1978, and died of a heart attack September 28th of that same year. Though many believe his death was due to something far m0re sinister , the Church officially lists his death as being from a heart attack. His immediate successor became John Paul II in tribute, and went on to record the third-longest Papacy of all time. [PAR] 9. Leo XI and Pius III (tied at 26 days) [PAR] Alessandro Ottaviano de\u2019 Medici ( Leo XI ) was elected Pope on April 1st in 1605, presumably as an April fool\u2019s joke that got extraordinarily out of hand. He was 69 years of age when elected, and almost immediately got sick and died. Although brief, his stint as Pope was by no means fruitless: the fact that his reign was so short earned him the nickname \u201cThe Lightning Pope\u201d, which we can only pray to God becomes a superhero film soon. [PAR] Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini was elected Pope in 1503 and took the name Pius III , in honor of his uncle, Pope Pius II. He was elected when the conclave couldn\u2019t agree on any other candidate, though he was still very popular, viewed as a man with great integrity. He attempted to reform the church in many ways, but unfortunately for Pius (and possibly history), he suffered from gout and died after just 26 days. [PAR] 8. Damasus II (23 days) [PAR] This guy was born to be Pope. If you don\u2019t believe us, just check out his real name: Poppo . His full name was Poppo or, as the Catholic Encyclopedia lists it, POPPO. No last name was required, because who else would give their child a name like that? Fortunately for Poppo, he got to choose himself a new name upon becoming Pope. Unfortunately"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Climbing up Gene Kelly\u2019s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue Climbing up Gene Kelly\u2019s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue [PAR] What's Past is Prologue [PAR] September 3, 2010 by Donna Pointkouski [PAR] This month\u2019s COG (for which I am late\u2026the dog ate my homework, Teacher Jasia!) asked us to Research From Scratch by starting a search on someone else\u2019s family tree. When I began my own family research about 21 years ago, there were not any records available on the internet. Lately I\u2019ve wondered how much I could have found if I had waited until today to begin my search and how much easier it would have been. This challenge was an opportunity to find out. The subject of my experiment: actor-singer-dancer-director Gene Kelly. As most visitors to this site have since surmised, Gene Kelly is what I call my \u201cother gene hobby.\u201d Gene was well known for his smiling \u201cIrish eyes\u201d, but I was curious about his Canadian and German ancestry as well. Starting from scratch, how much could I find in a few hours? In that short amount of time, I learned a lot about his ancestry. But I also learned some research lessons that I\u2019d like to share. [PAR] Start by interviewing your family, but don\u2019t believe everything they say as fact. [PAR] When I began my own research, I started by asking my parents questions about their parents and grandparents, and I also referred to an interview with my grandmother when I was in grade school and needed to complete a family history project. That same advice holds true today \u2013 you need basic facts about a family to begin your research. In the case of my subject, I couldn\u2019t actually talk to Mr. Kelly. So instead I turned to the only biography that was written during his lifetime in which the author interviewed Kelly himself. [PAR] The book is Gene Kelly by Clive Hirschhorn (Chicago : H. Regnery, 1975). While it is not entirely accurate \u2013 especially since it begins with the incorrect birth date of its subject \u2013 it was a way to get basic information about his brothers and sisters, parents, and grandparents \u2013 as close as I can get to acquring the info from Gene himself. [PAR] From the first chapter of the biography, I learned enough basic facts to begin my research on the Kelly family: [PAR] Gene\u2019s parents were James Patrick Joseph Kelly and Harriet Curran. They married in 1906. [PAR] Both came from large families; James was one of eleven children, and Harriet one of 13. [PAR] Harriet\u2019s father, Billy Curran, \u201chad emigrated to New York from Londonderry in 1845\u2026via Dunfermline in Scotland.\u201d Billy met \u201cMiss Eckhart\u201d, of German descent, married and moved to Houtzdale, PA. They later moved to Pittsburgh. [PAR] Billy died before 1907 from pneumonia after he was left in the cold at night after being robbed. [PAR] There were 9 Curran children, and 4 who died, but only 7 are named: Frank, Edward, Harry, John, Lillian, Harriet, and Gus. [PAR] James Kelly was born in Peterborough Canada in 1875 [PAR] James died in 1966, and Harriet died in 1972. Of Harriet, Mr. Hirschhorn says, \u201cNo one quite knows whether she was 85, 87, or 89.\u201d [PAR] In addition to Gene\u2019s parents\u2019 info were the basics about their children. In birth order, the Kelly family included Harriet, James, Eugene Curran, Louise, and Frederic. Gene was born on August 23, 1912. This is plenty of information to begin a search. But, don\u2019t believe everything you read or everything your family members tell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Eugene Smith on Pinterest | Eugene O'neill ... 1000+ images about William Eugene Smith on Pinterest | Spanish, Maze and Interview [PAR] Forward [PAR] The American Society of Media Photographers recently discovered the transcript of an interview of Mr. Smith, conducted by the great portraitist Philippe Halsmann and the society\u2019s first president. The interview apparently took place in New York during an American Society of Media Photographers meeting in 1956, although the organization is unsure of the date. The transcript has been lightly edited. photo: W. Eugene Smith - SPAIN. Extremadura. Province of Caceres. Deleitosa. - 1951 [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A Passage to India ( 1984 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] Cultural mistrust and false accusations doom a friendship in British colonial India between an Indian doctor, an Englishwoman engaged to marry a city magistrate, and an English educator. [PAR] Director: [PAR] E.M. Forster (by), E.M. Forster (based on the novel by) | 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 18 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 23 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 04 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 17 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 26 Jul 2015 [PAR] Title: A Passage to India (1984) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 19 wins & 26 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Set in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising, a married woman in a small Irish village has an affair with a troubled British officer. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] The life of a Russian physician and poet who, although married to another, falls in love with a political activist's wife and experiences hardship during the First World War and then the October Revolution. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] A humble orphan suddenly becomes a gentleman with the help of an unknown benefactor. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] An orphan named Oliver Twist meets a pickpocket on the streets of London. From there, he joins a household of boys who are trained to steal for their master. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] A lonely American woman unexpectedly finds romance in Venice, Italy. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] Meeting a stranger in a railway station, a woman is tempted to cheat on her husband. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] After settling his differences with a Japanese PoW camp commander, a British colonel co-operates to oversee his men's construction of a railway bridge for their captors - while oblivious to a plan by the Allies to destroy it. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] This \"story of a ship,\" the British destroyer HMS Torrin, is told in flash backs by survivors as they cling to a life raft. [PAR] Directors: No\u00ebl Coward, David Lean [PAR] Stars: No\u00ebl Coward, John Mills, Bernard Miles [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Circa 1920, during the Indian British rule, Dr. Aziz H. Ahmed was born and brought up in India. He is proficient in English, and wears Western style clothing. He meets an old lady, Mrs. Moore, at a mosque, who asks him to accompany her and her companion, Adela Quested, for sight-seeing around some caves. Thereafter the organized life of Aziz is turned upside down when Adela accuses him of molesting her in a cave. Aziz is arrested and brought before the courts, where he learns that the entire British administration is against him, and would like to see him found guilty and punished severely, to teach all native Indians what it means to molest a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gregory Peck - Biography - IMDb Gregory Peck - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Gregory Peck [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 193 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (136) | Personal Quotes (38) | Salary (5) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' 3\" (1.91 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Eldred Gregory Peck was born in La Jolla, California, to Bernice Mary (Ayres) and Gregory Pearl Peck, a chemist and druggist in San Diego. He had Irish (from his paternal grandmother), English, and some German, ancestry. His parents divorced when he was five years old. An only child, he was sent to live with his grandmother. He never felt he had a stable childhood. His fondest memories are of his grandmother taking him to the movies every week and of his dog, which followed him everywhere. He studied pre-med at UC-Berkeley and, while there, got bitten by the acting bug and decided to change the focus of his studies. He enrolled in the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and debuted on Broadway after graduation. His debut was in Emlyn Williams ' play \"The Morning Star\" (1942). By 1943 he was in Hollywood, where he debuted in the RKO film Days of Glory (1944). [PAR] Stardom came with his next film, The Keys of the Kingdom (1944), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award. Peck's screen presence displayed the qualities for which he became well known. He was tall, rugged and heroic, with a basic decency that transcended his roles. He appeared in Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound (1945) as an amnesia victim accused of murder. In The Yearling (1946), he was again nominated for an Academy Award and won the Golden Globe. He was especially effective in westerns and appeared in such varied fare as David O. Selznick 's critically blasted Duel in the Sun (1946), the somewhat better received Yellow Sky (1948) and the acclaimed The Gunfighter (1950). He was nominated again for the Academy Award for his roles in Gentleman's Agreement (1947), which dealt with anti-Semitism, and Twelve O'Clock High (1949), a story of high-level stress in an Air Force bomber unit in World War II. [PAR] With a string of hits to his credit, Peck made the decision to only work in films that interested him. He continued to appear as the heroic, larger-than-life figures in such films as Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N. (1951) and Moby Dick (1956). He worked with Audrey Hepburn in her debut film, Roman Holiday (1953). Peck finally won the Oscar, after four nominations, for his performance as lawyer Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962). In the early 1960s he appeared in two darker films than he usually made, Cape Fear (1962) and Captain Newman, M.D. (1963), which dealt with the way people live. He also gave a powerful performance as Capt. Keith Mallory in The Guns of Navarone (1961), one of the biggest box-office hits of that year. [PAR] In the early 1970s he produced two films, The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1972) and The Dove (1974), when his film career stalled. He made a comeback playing, somewhat woodenly, Robert Thorn in the horror film The Omen (1976). After that, he returned to the bigger-than-life roles he was best known for, such as MacArthur (1977) and the monstrous Nazi Dr. Josef Mengele in the huge hit The Boys from Brazil (1978). In the 1980s he moved into television with the mini-series The Blue and the Gray (1982) and The Scarlet and the Black (1983). In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bobby Jones (1902-1971) | New Georgia Encyclopedia Bobby Jones (1902-1971) | New Georgia Encyclopedia [PAR] Stephen R. Lowe , Olivet Nazarene University, Bourbonnais, Illinois, [PAR] 06/18/2002 [PAR] Last edited by Chris Dobbs on 09/23/2016 [PAR] The greatest amateur golfer ever, Bobby Jones dominated his sport in the 1920s. In the eight seasons from 1923 to 1930, Jones won thirteen major championships, including five U.S. Amateurs, four U.S. Opens, three British Opens, and one British Amateur. On September 27, 1930, he became the only man to win all four major titles in one season, completing the \"Grand Slam\" of golf. Then, while still in his athletic prime at the age of twenty-eight, he retired from competition to devote more time to his family and his law practice . [PAR] Robert [PAR] Bobby Jones [PAR] Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones II was born to Clara Thomas and Robert Purmedus Jones on March 17, 1902, in Atlanta . He was named after his paternal grandfather, a prominent businessman from Canton (Jones later adopted \"Jr.\" out of respect for his father). In 1907 his father, a successful attorney, joined the Atlanta Athletic Club, which owned the East Lake Country Club in DeKalb County , where the family spent every summer thereafter. It was at East Lake that Bobby Jones learned to play golf, mostly by mimicking the swing of the club's professional, Stewart Maiden. [PAR] Jones dramatically improved his skill with each passing summer. After winning many regional events, in the fall of 1916 he entered his first national competition, the U.S. Amateur, held at the Merion Cricket Club near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although he was eliminated in the third round, the fourteen-year-old exceeded the expectations of most observers and was quickly dubbed the nation's top golf prodigy. [PAR] Unfortunately, Jones did not continue to meet either his own or others' expectations. Throughout the next seven seasons, he failed to win anything bigger than a regional event. To make matters worse, Jones developed a reputation as a spoiled, club-throwing hothead. A perfectionist by nature, he was easily angered and too immature to handle his mistakes on the links. Jones's most egregious example of unsportsmanlike behavior occurred at the 1921 British Open. After struggling through the front side of the third round, he simply picked up his ball on the eleventh hole, figuratively \"tore up his scorecard,\" and quit. [PAR] In the winter of 1922-23 Jones experienced a metamorphosis; he evolved from a temperamental youth into a disciplined young gentleman on and off the course. He won his first major title, the U.S. Open, later that year to begin his eight-season domination of the sport. Aside from the Grand Slam in 1930, Jones's most impressive achievement is his record in the U.S. Open. In the 1920s Jones won the event four times and also had four runner-up finishes. [PAR] His career is all the more remarkable considering that he competed as an amateur rather than as a professional. Always displaying a sense of modesty, Jones regularly reminded his fans that some things were more important than winning. He became famous, for example, for calling penalty strokes on himself, even when it cost him a championship. Moreover, Jones never accepted prize money, did not play as often as most professionals, and chose to focus on the national championships. Those choices allowed him time to pursue other priorities, including his education and family. In 1922 Jones graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a degree in engineering. Two years later he added a second bachelor's degree, this one in English literature from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nuclear-Powered Ships - World Nuclear Association Nuclear-Powered Ships | Nuclear Submarines - World Nuclear Association [PAR] Nuclear-Powered Ships [PAR] (Updated June 2016) [PAR] Nuclear power is particularly suitable for vessels which need to be at sea for long periods without refuelling, or for powerful submarine propulsion. [PAR] Over 140 ships are powered by more than 180 small nuclear reactors and more than 12,000 reactor years of marine operation has been accumulated. [PAR] Most are submarines, but they range from icebreakers to aircraft carriers. [PAR] In future, constraints on fossil fuel use in transport may bring marine nuclear propulsion into more widespread use. So far, exaggerated fears about safety have caused political restriction on port access. [PAR] Work on nuclear marine propulsion started in the 1940s, and the first test reactor started up in USA in 1953. The first nuclear-powered submarine, USS Nautilus, put to sea in 1955. [PAR] This marked the transition of submarines from slow underwater vessels to warships capable of sustaining 20-25 knots submerged for weeks on end. The submarine had come into its own. [PAR] Nautilus led to the parallel development of further (Skate-class) submarines, powered by single pressurised water reactors, and an aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise, powered by eight Westinghouse reactor units in 1960. A cruiser, USS Long Beach, followed in 1961 and was powered by two of these early units. Remarkably, the Enterprise remained in service to the end of 2012. [PAR] By 1962 the US Navy had 26 nuclear submarines operational and 30 under construction. Nuclear power had revolutionised the Navy. [PAR] The technology was shared with Britain, while French, Russian and Chinese developments proceeded separately. [PAR] After the Skate-class vessels, reactor development proceeded and in the USA a single series of standardised designs was built by both Westinghouse and GE, one reactor powering each vessel. Rolls Royce built similar units for Royal Navy submarines and then developed the design further to the PWR-2. [PAR] Russia developed both PWR and lead-bismuth cooled reactor designs, the latter not persisting. Eventually four generations* of submarine PWRs were utilised, the last entering service in 1995 in the Severodvinsk class. [PAR] * 1955-66, 1963-92, 1976-2003, 1995 on, according to Bellona. [PAR] The largest submarines are the 26,500 tonne (34,000 t submerged) Russian Typhoon-class, powered by twin 190 MWt PWR reactors, though these were superseded by the 24,000 t Oscar-II class (eg Kursk) with the same power plant. [PAR] The safety record of the US nuclear navy is excellent, this being attributed to a high level of standardisation in naval power plants and their maintenance, and the high quality of the Navy's training program. However, early Soviet endeavours resulted in a number of serious accidents \u2013 five where the reactor was irreparably damaged, and more resulting in radiation leaks. There were more than 20 radiation fatalities.* Nevertheless, by Russia\u2019s third generation of marine PWRs in the late 1970s safety and reliability had become a high priority. (Apart from reactor accidents, fires and accidents have resulted in the loss of two US and about 4 Soviet submarines, another four of which had fires resulting in loss of life.) [PAR] * The K-19 accident at sea in 1961 due to cooling failure in an early PWR resulted in 8 deaths from acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in repairing it (doses 7.5 to 54 Sv) and possibly more later as well as many high doses. The K-27 accident at sea in 1968 also involved coolant failure, this time in an experimental lead-bismuth cooled reactor, and 9 deaths from ARS as well as high exposure by other crew. In 1985 the K-431"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Food Timeline history notes--state foods The Food Timeline history notes--state foods [PAR] 3/4 cup white sugar [PAR] 3/4 cup boiling water [PAR] Mix flour, 1/2 cup sugar, baking powder, salt. Stir in milk, vanilla, butter. Spread batter in buttered 8 X 8 pan. Scatter blueberries over batter. Sprinkle sugar over berries. Pour boiling water over all. Bake at 375 degree oven for 45 min. or unitl brown and done in center. Berries sink to bottom and form juice. Serve hot with light cream; or cold, topped with ice cream.\" [PAR] ---Juneau Centennial Cookbook, Jane Stewart, Phyllice F. Bradner, Betty Harris (p. 43) [PAR] About Alaska's blueberries: I & II . [PAR] \"Rhubarb Crisp [PAR] Mix and place in greased baking pan: 3 C diced rhubarb, 1/4 C sugar [PAR] Blend until crumbly and spread on top: 2/3 C butter, 2/3 C brown sugar, 2/3 C white sugar, 1 C flour, dash of salt. [PAR] Bake in 350 degree oven for 40 minutes. Serve with whipped cream or ice cream.\" [PAR] ---ibid (p. 49) [PAR] \"Governor George Parks' Sourdough [PAR] Cook 3 large potatoes and mash well. To mashed potatoes, add 1 pint of potato water. When lukewarm, add 1/2 cake yeast and 2 C flour. Cover and put in warm place 48 hours. [PAR] To use: take out 2 C and add 1/2 tsp soda, pinch salt, 2 T sugar and enough flour to make a hot cake batter. Add a little oil. [PAR] To start add 2 C flour and 2 C water. Cook on griddle.\" [PAR] ---ibid (p. 54) [PAR] edible symbols include milk & pink tomato. The state cooking vessel is the Dutch Oven . [PAR] Historic Arkansas foodways: [PAR] \"Most of the early pioneers who moved west bypassed what is now Arkansas and its Ozark Mountains because of the rocky landscape and poor soil. In the late 1700s and early 1800s, however, hard-working farmers from Kentucky, Illinois, and Tennessee, who were used to farming under difficult conditions, settled in Arkansas. They brought their recipes for curing hams, roasting pork ribs over open fires, and baking soda biscuits and molasses cakes...Since Arkansas borders the South, the Southwest, and the Midwest, it has a mixture of cuisines. Plantation cookery of the Mississippi Valley, the hill cooking of the Ozarks, and the Mexican influcences of Texas and Oklahoma all combine to make a unique style of food...There is a great emphasis of real \"down-home\" flavors. Fried pork chops with a light-brown cream gravy to which bits of sausage have been added have remained a favorite dish. Sausage is also used in poultry stuffings, along with cooked rice. Arkansas-style chicken is prepared by first simmering the chicken pieces in a skillet and then baking them in the oven with a Creole sauce. Each region of Arkansas has its own unique food. In the southern bayou country, roast duck, candied yams, fried chicken, fluffy biscuits and peach cobblers are often served. Around Texarkana, pinto beans and barbecued beef of the Southwest are typical fare. Along the Mississippi River, catfish are popular in stews and fried...In the hill coutnry of the Ozarks, dishes such as bacon with cracklin's corn bread, baked beans, wilted lettuce with bacon and vinegar, bread and apple jelly, and ginger bread for dessert are traditional everyday fare...Roasted raccoon, roasted beaver-tail, and baked opossum are Arkansas soul food...Arkansans prefer hot bread with their meals...They like steaming-hot corn breads, hot biscuits, or fresh-out-of-the-oven rolls. Strawberry shortcake is a favorite dessert of Arkansans...The Arkansas version of the shortcake usese a crisp, buttery biscuit, which is split in half,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seagram Building New York - e-architect Seagram Building New York - e-architect [PAR] Home > New York > Seagram Building New York [PAR] Seagram Building New York [PAR] Published by Adrian Welch updated on July 6, 2016 [PAR] Seagram Building, New York Tower, Architect, Date, Address, Wells Fargo Manhattan Skyscraper, Design [PAR] Seagram Building New York [PAR] Wells Fargo Manhattan Tower, USA : Key 20th Century Skyscraper in the United States [PAR] 6 + 5 Jul 2016 [PAR] Seagram Building New York City [PAR] Seagram Building in New York City [PAR] Wells Fargo office building on Park Avenue images from 24 Jun \u2013 2 Jul 2016 \u00a9 Adrian Welch: [PAR] Seagram building at night: [PAR] Location: 375 Park Avenue, New York, NY, USA [PAR] Date: 1954-58 [PAR] Design: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Architect; Philip Johnson [PAR] Classic International Style design \u2013 this building exhibits clean Modernist lines. [PAR] The Seagram Building faces the podium and tower of Lever House by architects Skidmore Owings & Merrill across Park Avenue. Both buildings feature in most histories of 20th Century architecture. [PAR] This well-respected skyscraper located between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan. It was the world\u2019s most expensive skyscraper upon completion. [PAR] The tower is 515 feet (157 m) high. It has 38 stories. [PAR] The building is made from a steel structure with non-structural glass walls hung off it. Cladding and interior materials include bronze, marble and travertine. To preserve a semblance of order externally the window blinds were designed to operate in only three positions: open, halfway open, or closed. [PAR] Philip Johnson became an associate for architect Mies van der Rohe on the Seagram Building in 1955: he worked on interiors such as the Four Seasons Restaurant.[DOC] [TLE] Seagram Building, New York City - A View On Cities Seagram Building, New York City [PAR] New York City [PAR] 5 [PAR] 34 votes [PAR] Built as the corporate headquarters for Canadian distillers Joseph E. Seagram and Sons, the innovative Seagram Building set the stage for the design of New York skyscrapers for many years to come. [PAR] Situated on New York's famed Park Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Street, the Seagram [PAR] Building was a pioneer in its time. Designed by well-known German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in collaboration with American Philip Johnson, this building was to become a model for the next forty years of NYC skyscrapers. [PAR] Architecture [PAR] Most skyscrapers in the 1950s and prior had a decorated facade built around a structural frame. However, van der Rohe was hoping for a different look. He wanted the building's structural elements to be visible. Unfortunately, building codes forbid that, demanding that all structural steel be covered with some sort of fireproofing material, usually concrete. [PAR] So, instead, the architect used non-structural, bronze-toned I-beams to suggest structure to those viewing the 38-story, 516-foot (157m) skyscraper from the outside. These beams are visible from the outside of the building, and run vertically like mullions in the large glass windows. [PAR] Mies van der Rohe was also quite concerned that the building look uniform to those viewing it from the outside. Because of that, he only installed window [PAR] blinds that sat at three levels: fully open, half open, and fully closed - allowing for a more consistent look. [PAR] Masterpiece [PAR] The Seagram building fulfilled Mies van der Rohe's functional architecture philosophy of 'less is more'. It is considered by many, including van der Rohe himself, as his masterpiece. [PAR] An Expensive Building [PAR] Seagram spared no expense in the building of this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mysteries and More: This Day in History \u2013 August 6 Mysteries and More: This Day in History \ufffd August 6 [PAR] This Day in History \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd August 6 [PAR] Posted by HoneyBee on 8/6/2016, 2:22 am [PAR] 205.200.150.144 [PAR] Born this Day [PAR] 1809 Alfred Lord Tennyson \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd British poet laureate (The Charge of the Light Brigade, In Memoriam, The Lady of Shallot, Ulysses, Morte D'Arthur) Tennyson was born into a chaotic and disrupted home. His father, the eldest son of a wealthy landowner, was disinherited in favour of his younger brother. Forced to enter the Church to support himself, the Rev. Dr. George Tennyson became a bitter alcoholic. However, he educated his sons in the classics, and Alfred Tennyson, the fourth of 12 children, went to Trinity College at Cambridge in 1827. At Cambridge, Tennyson befriended a circle of intellectual undergraduates who strongly encouraged his poetry. In 1830, Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly Lyrical. The following year, his father died, and he was forced to leave Cambridge for financial reasons. Besieged by critical attacks and struggling with poverty, Tennyson remained dedicated to his work and published several more volumes. In 1850 Queen Victoria named him poet laureate. At long last, Tennyson achieved financial stability and finally married his fianc\u00ef\u00bf\u00bde Emily Sellwood, whom he had loved since 1836. He continued writing and publishing poems until his death in 1892 [PAR] 1881 Leo Carrillo - Actor (The Cisco Kid, Pancho Villa Returns, Phantom of the Opera) [PAR] 1881 Sir Alexander Fleming - Scottish bacteriologist who discovered penicillin in 1928 at St. Mary\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Hospital, Paddington, London, when green mould appeared on a culture dish. Scientists usually discarded these, but Fleming decided to make a close examination [PAR] 1881 Louella Parsons - Gossip columnist who competed in print and on radio with her nemesis, Hedda Hopper [PAR] 1892 Hoot (Edmund) Gibson - Actor (Death Valley Rangers, Frontier Justice, The Marshal's Daughter, The Prairie King) [PAR] 1910 Charles Crichton \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd British film director (The Lavender Hill Mob, A Fish Called Wanda) [PAR] 1911 Lucille Ball \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Comedienne and actress (I Love Lucy, The Lucy Show, Yours Mine and Ours, Mame, Stage Door) She starred as a ditzy wife in the radio show My Favourite Husband. When CBS decided to launch the popular series on the relatively new medium of TV, Lucy insisted her husband Desi Arnaz be cast as her husband in the TV version. The network executives argued that no one would believe the couple were married, but Desi and Lucy performed before live audiences and filmed a pilot, which convinced network executives that audiences would respond well to their act [PAR] 1917 Robert Mitchum - Actor (The Sundowners, Cape Fear, Scrooged, The Winds of War, The Big Sleep, The Friends of Eddie Coyle) [PAR] 1922 Sir Freddie Laker \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd British entrepreneur who pioneered cheap air-flights. His Laker Airlines went bust in 1982 [PAR] 1926 Frank Finlay \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Scottish actor (Casanova, The Molly Mcguires, Longitude) He played Inspector Lestrade in the Sherlock Holmes movie, Murder by Decree, and he also played Professor Coram in the Sherlock Holmes episode The Golden Pince-Nez [PAR] 1928 Andy Warhol \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd US pop artist who became a cultural icon. He coined the phrase, \"In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes\" [PAR] 1930 Abbey Lincoln - Actress (For Love of Ivy, Mo' Better Blues) [PAR] 1937 Barbara Windsor \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd British actress (EastEnders, Alice in Wonderland, Carry On films) [PAR] 1938 Peter Bonerz - Actor (The Bob Newhart Show, 9 to 5, Catch -22) He has also directed many TV episodes (ALF, Murphy Brown, Home Improvement,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aaron Copland / Timeline // Copland House \u2026where America's ... Aaron Copland / Timeline // Copland House \u2026where America's musical past and future meet [PAR] Aaron Copland: Timeline of a Musical Life [PAR] Aaron Copland at the Piano [PAR] (compiled by Michael Boriskin) [PAR] 1900\u2014Born on November 14 in Brooklyn to Sarah Mittenthal and Harris Copland, the youngest of five children (Ralph, Leon, Laurine, and Josephine) [PAR] 1906\u2014Attends Public School 111 in Brooklyn [PAR] 1909\u2014Begins to make up songs at the piano [PAR] 1910-13\u2014Attends summer camp (Camp Carey at Wilkes-Barre, PA) [PAR] 1911\u2014Earliest existing piece of music; begins piano lessons with sister Laurine [PAR] 1914\u2014Begins studies with first professional piano teacher, Ludwig Wolfsohn in Brooklyn [PAR] 1916\u2014Hears first symphony concert in Brooklyn [PAR] 1917\u2014First public performance as a pianist [PAR] 1918\u2014Graduated from Boys\u2019 High School, Brooklyn [PAR] 1917-21\u2014Studies harmony and counterpoint with Rubin Goldmark [PAR] 1919-21\u2014Studies piano with Clarence Adler [PAR] Aaron Copland [PAR] 1921\u2014Enrolls at newly-established American Conservatory at Fontainebleau in May; attends harmony class of Nadia Boulanger and begins composition studies with her in October [PAR] 1922\u2014First work published (by Durand): Le chat et la Souris (composed 1920); writes the Passacaglia for piano and first large-scale work, the ballet Grohg (revised 1932) [PAR] 1924\u2014First important article published, Gabriel Faur\u00e9, A Neglected Master (The Musical Quarterly) [PAR] 1925\u2014First major performances of an orchestral work, Symphony for Organ and Orchestra at Aeolian Hall (Nadia Boulanger, organist, with Walter Damrosch conducting the New York Symphony) and in Boston (with Serge Koussevitzky conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra); first visit to MacDowell Colony to work on Music for the Theatre; receives the first-ever Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship (renewed in 1926); writes first of many articles for Modern Music [PAR] 1927\u2014First major performance of Copland as pianist, World Premiere of his Piano Concerto (composed 1926) with Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony; begins lectures at New School for Social Research, New York (continuing for ten years, eventually developing some of these into his book What to Listen for in Music) [PAR] 1928\u2014Initiates Copland-Sessions Concerts with composer Roger Sessions, an important series mostly in New York devoted exclusively to contemporary music (continuing to 1932, averaging two concerts per season); joined the League of Composers (remaining a member until 1954); helps to establish Cos Cob Press, devoted to publishing works by young American composers; completes first important chamber work, Vitebsk [PAR] 1929\u2014Wins the RCA Victor Composers\u2019 Competition with Dance Symphony (along with Ernest Bloch, Robert Russell Bennett, and Louis Gruenberg); completes Symphonic Ode [PAR] 1930\u2014First visit to Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, NY; composes first major work for solo piano, Piano Variations; Organizes Festival of Contemporary Music at Yaddo (and a second one in 1932) [PAR] 1932\u2014First visit to Mexico, arranged by Carlos Chavez, which includes first all-Copland program (organized by Chavez at the Conservatorio Nacional de Music on September 2nd: Two Pieces for String Quartet, Piano Variations, Two Pieces for Chorus, and Music for the Theatre); joins the Board of Directors of the League of Composers; joins a social and professional collective called Young Composers\u2019 Group (including Arthur Berger, Henry Brant, Lehman Engel, Vivian Fine, Bernard Herrmann, Elie Siegmeister, and others) [PAR] 1934\u2014First performance of a staged work, the ballet Hear Ye! Hear Ye! by Ruth Page Ballets (in Chicago) [PAR] Aaron Copland at his Desk [PAR] 1935\u2014Teaches for the first time at Harvard, replacing Walter Piston on leave in spring semester; organizes five concerts at the New School, each devoted to the music of one composer (Harris, Thomson, Sessions, Piston, and Copland) [PAR] 1936\u2014Writes regular column (\u201cScores and Records\u201d for Modern Music, which continues until 1939);"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD) Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD) [PAR] Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD) [PAR] Book and Go [PAR] Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD) [PAR] Airport info [PAR] Nemzetk\u00f6zi Rep\u00fcl\u0151t\u00e9r, 1185 Budapest, Hungary [PAR] Location: [PAR] Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport is located 16km (10 miles) southeast of Budapest. [PAR] No. of terminals: 2 Dialling code: +36 [PAR] Telephone: [PAR] +36 1 296 7000 [PAR] Timezone: GMT ++01:00 [PAR] Previously known as Budapest Ferihegy International Airport, the Hungarian capital\u2019s main airport is the largest in the country. Our Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport guide includes airport contact details, as well as information on transportation and nearby hotels. [PAR] Airport news : [PAR] Terminal 1 remains closed, all flights currently depart from Terminal 2A and Terminal 2B. There are plans for a car park extension, new airport hotel and new terminal 2C at Budapest Ferenc Lizst International Airport, with completion expected by 2020. [PAR] Information : [PAR] Help desks are situated in Terminals 2A and 2B. Tourist information desks are located immediately after customs in the terminals. [PAR] Website : [PAR] The SkyCourt building links Terminals 2A and 2B. [PAR] Driving directions : [PAR] From the city centre, the dedicated Ferihegy High Speed Road (Route 4) facilitates access to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport. The airport is also just off Route M5/E60, which connects Budapest to Szeged. The journey time is approximately 30 minutes. [PAR] Public Transport [PAR] Public transport rail : [PAR] Rail: Regular trains, operated by Hungarian State Railways (tel: +36 1 349 4949; www.mav.hu ), run from Budapest Nyugati Railway Station to central Budapest (journey time: under 30 minutes; fare: Ft320). The 200E bus links the station to Terminals 2A and 2B during the day, while bus 900 links the airport and the station at night. [PAR] Metro: The 200E bus also links to K\u0151b\u00e1nya-Kispest Metro Station for the Metro network (tel: +36 1 461 6500; www.bkv.hu ). This station is on Metro line M3. [PAR] Public transport road : [PAR] Bus: The pre-pay local express bus 200E runs between the underground Metro terminus, K\u00f6b\u00e1nya-Kispest, and the airport terminals. Passengers may wish to alight at De\u00e1k t\u00e9r where the three underground lines converge; bus 93 also connects this destination to Terminal 1. The fare into central Budapest is Ft350. For more information contact BKV (tel: +36 1 461 6500; www.bkv.hu ). [PAR] Shuttle: There is a minibus service to any address in Budapest operated by miniBUD (tel: +36 1 550 0000; www.minibud.hu ), which has a desk in the arrivals hall. [PAR] Taxi: Taxis are available from the taxi stand outside the arrivals areas, with F\u0151taxi (tel: +36 1 222 2222; www.fotaxi.hu ) the main supplier. A ride to the city centre should typically cost around Ft6,500, depending on traffic conditions. [PAR] Terminal facilities [PAR] Money : [PAR] Banking facilities, ATMs and bureaux de change are available in the terminals and the SkyCourt link building. [PAR] Communication : [PAR] Free Wi-Fi internet access is available at Budapest Ferenc Lizst International Airport. There is a post office in Terminal 2A. [PAR] Food : [PAR] There are various restaurants and snack bars throughout Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport. These include a pub, bar and restaurants serving Hungarian, Greek, Italian and Asian specialities. [PAR] Shopping : [PAR] A good selection of shops can be found at Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport; including fashion boutiques, a shop selling Hungarian food and wine, souvenir shops and newsagents. Duty-free shopping for passengers leaving the EU is available in the SkyCourt and in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History - 2000s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ... History - 2000s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] READ MORE [PAR] 2000: Venus Williams v Lindsay Davenport [PAR] A decade of Williams dominance began on 8 July 2000, when elder sister Venus defeated defending champion Lindsay Davenport 6-3, 7-6(3). The win came two days after 20-year-old Venus had defeated her then 18-year-old sister Serena in the semis, and 10 months after Serena had won the US Open. The Williamses thus became the first sisters in the Open era to win Grand Slam titles. [PAR] Though many suspected that the American siblings would be a force to be reckoned with over the coming years, few could have predicted just how the first 10 years of the new millennium would belong to the Williamses, with SW19 proving to be a particularly happy hunting ground. Venus\u2019s win over Davenport, which came thanks to a combination of powerful services and groundstrokes, crisp volleys and tireless running, which made her opponent look decidedly flat-footed, was the first of five titles on Wimbledon\u2019s lawns to go with the US Open titles which she won in 2000 and 2001. [PAR] Only Maria Sharapova in 2004 and Amelie Mauresmo in 2006 managed to break the Williams hegemony during that magical decade. [PAR] 2000: Pat Rafter v Andre Agassi [PAR] Andre Agassi versus Pat Rafter was always a good one for the fans to watch. The American was one of the best returners in the game and wore out a path along the baseline, while the Aussie was an attacker who felt most at home at the net. [PAR] In the space of 12 months they played three Grand Slam five-setters between June 2000 and June 2001, two of them at Wimbledon (where they had already met twice, Agassi winning in 1993 and 1999). All of them were classics, none more so than at The Championships 2000. Rafter parlayed his serve-and-volley to a one-set lead, but Agassi found his range on his passing shots to level at one-all. Errors in the American\u2019s game again handed Rafter the advantage but Agassi could never be counted out over the Grand Slam distance and duly fought back to take it to a fifth set. [PAR] The match went down in the annals as a classic, primarily due to the number of rallies it contained. Though the Australian tried to keep the points short on his own service, he managed to disrupt Agassi with his returning game full of heavy slice from the baseline. The American cracked first, and Rafter found himself in his first Wimbledon final. [PAR] 2000: Pete Sampras wins seventh title [PAR] Wimbledon was where Pete Sampras felt most at home and none but the most foolish were prepared to write him off. Having battled tendonitis in his right knee on his way to the final, the American was left to face Australia\u2019s Pat Rafter for his seventh Wimbledon title and his record-breaking 13th Grand Slam trophy. [PAR] Sampras stumbled through the first set tiebreak, offering it up with a double fault but then sniffed the scent of blood as Rafter blew a 4-1 lead in the second. At a set apiece, Sampras, at last, began to settle and as the night drew in, he closed out his emotional 6-7, 7-6, 6-4, 6-2 victory. He burst into tears and then ran for the back of the stands to find his parents, Sam and Georgia, who had flown in overnight to see their son make history. [PAR] It was Sampras's last great moment at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The ten youngest tennis players in the WTA top 100 - Steve ... The ten youngest tennis players in the WTA top 100 | STEVE G TENNIS [PAR] The ten youngest tennis players in the WTA top 100 [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Not so long ago, women\u2019s tennis was chock-full of teenage champions. A 16-year-old Tracy Austin threatened the Evert-Navratilova duopoly in the late 1970s. Monica Seles won the French Open at the same age in 1990. Martina Hingis broke countless \u201cyoungest ever\u201d records and won five Grand Slam titles before she turned 19. [PAR] Recently, however, the average age on the WTA Tour has been creeping up. This has a lot to do with the age restrictions introduced after Jennifer Capriati \u2013 a top ten player at the age of 14 \u2013 suffered burnout and personal problems in the mid-nineties. But the demanding physical nature of the modern game also makes it harder for young players to challenge for the biggest prizes. In days gone by, teens lacking in muscle were able to finesse their way to the top; in the 21st century, they are simply blown off the court. [PAR] So which of today\u2019s teenage cohort will prevail at tomorrow\u2019s Grand Slams? Here is a look at where the ten youngest players in the WTA top 100 (as of April 20th, 2015). [PAR] Youngest players in the WTA Top 100: [PAR] 1. Ana Konjuh \u2013 Age 17 (27 Dec 1997) [PAR] 2. Belinda Bencic \u2013 Age 18 (10 Mar 1997) [PAR] 3. Katerina Siniakova \u2013 Age 18 (10 May 1996) [PAR] 4. Carina Witthoeft \u2013 Age 20 (16 Feb 1995) [PAR] 5. Madison Keys \u2013 Age 20 (17 Feb 1995) [PAR] 6. Tereza Smitkova \u2013 Age 20 (10 Oct 1994) [PAR] 7. Anna Karolina Schmiedlova \u2013 Age 20 (13 Sep 1994) [PAR] 8. Elina Svitolina \u2013 Age 20 (12 Sep 1994) [PAR] 9. Alison van Uytvanck \u2013 Age 21 (26 Mar 1994) [PAR] 10. Daria Gavrilova \u2013 Age 21 (05 Mar 1994) [PAR] Outside the top 100, there are a few more very gifted players who will sooner or later make their move up the rankings. One to watch out for is Catherine Bellis, who at the age of 16 ( 08 Apr 1999) has already shown some great talent and skills. She is our top contender for the future No.1 ranking spot. [PAR] [PAR] Join the Stevegtennis.com tennis club for free. Just enter your email below for... [PAR] Tennis news updates once a week. [PAR] Special offers on tennis gear. [PAR] Unsubscribe at any time. [PAR] We will never share your email. [PAR] Email"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace [PAR] The Red Baron - Top Ace of WWI, 80 victories [PAR] By Stephen Sherman , Aug. 2001. Updated Aug. 1, 2012. [PAR] The Red Baron was one of those heroes whose life seems almost scripted. Discipline, pride, hunting skills, and Teutonic patriotism all combined in this man, bringing him to the pinnacle of fame which long outlasted the man himself. \"Curse you, Red Baron,\" cried Snoopy, the Mitty-esque canine ace of Charles Schultz' Peanuts comic strip. But Richthofen was no caricature, methodically claiming 80 aerial victories, before falling himself, in a Wagnerian finale. [PAR] Youth [PAR] Born on May 2, 1892 to a Prussian noble family, junker landholders, Manfred von Richthofen, learned to hunt at an early age. [PAR] Growing up in Silesia (now part of Poland) young Manfred learned from his father, a Uhlan career officer, and his maternal Schickfuss relatives. In the protected game forests, he and his brothers, Lothar and Bolko, hunted wild boar, elk, birds, and deer, collected and displayed their trophies in their castle. Later, the great ace would bring the same love of the hunt and love of victory to his aerial battles. He entered the Prussian cadet corps (military school) at age eleven, where he was an indifferent student. In 1911, he entered Uhlan Regiment Number 1, which he enjoyed, at least insofar as the opportunities it gave him to ride horses. He first fought on the Russian front, where the highlight of his cavalry exploits seemed to be capturing and locking up a Russian priest in his own bell tower. Transferred to the West, his Uhlan regiment spent several enjoyable, peaceful months in the rear areas. An assignment to the quartermaster corps didn't satisfy Richthofen. \"My dear Excellency,\" he wrote, \"I have not gone to war to collect cheese and eggs ...\" He asked to serve with a flying unit. In May, 1915, his request was granted. [PAR] Flier [PAR] Soon, he was back in the East, as a reconnaissance flier and then a bomber. During June, July and August, 1915, he remained with the 69th Flying Squadron which participated in Mackensen's advance from Gorlice to Brest-Litovsk. He had joined it as quite a junior observer and he had no special expertise. As a cavalryman his business had consisted in reconnoitering. So the Aviation Service as an observer was in his line and he enjoyed the long reconnoitering flights which they undertook nearly every day. [PAR] Still dissatisfied, he complained again and was removed to Ostend on the Western front, as a back-seat observer in a reconnaissance plane. With pilot Lt. Zeumer, they patrolled over the North Sea, and once spotted a submarine beneath the water, but did not bomb it as they could not determine its nationality. [PAR] His first encounter with an English airplane, on September 15, 1915, ended without real damage to either plane; but gunner Richthofen and pilot Zeumer both thought that the other could have handled the combat better. [PAR] Transferred to the Champagne front, he flew with pilot Osteroth. With his ring-mounted machine gun, he managed to shoot down a Farman aircraft, but could not get credit for the kill, as it fell behind Allied lines. His hunter's instinct had been awakened. [PAR] Still determined to join the great hunt in the skies, he started pilot training in October, 1915, making his first solo on the 10th. He damaged the plane on landing and had to take more training at Doberitz."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Perfect Sound Forever: Guitar Slim- The Things That He ... Perfect Sound Forever: Guitar Slim- The Things That He Used to Do! [PAR] One of the only known pictures of Guitar Slim live [PAR] by Ted Barron [PAR] (June 2009) [PAR] On February 7, 1959, Eddie \"Guitar Slim\" Jones died of complications from pneumonia in New York City. While he was on an East Coast tour of one-nighters, his breathing had become increasingly difficult. Ignoring doctors\ufffd orders, he continued drinking his daily ration of a pint of gin and a fifth of black port wine. Earlier that week, Slim went to his bandleader, Lloyd Lambert, claiming to be too sick to play. \"My time is up,\" he said. Slim knew he was done for. He started a gig in Rochester, but couldn't finish the first song. In Newark the following night, he collapsed after finishing the show. The band drove in to New York City and got him a doctor in Harlem. They drove around the corner, checked into the Cecil Hotel, and Slim checked out on the doctor\ufffds table before they could return to retrieve him and get him to the hospital. He was 32 years old. Back home in Louisiana, Mardi Gras was in full swing. His death was barely noticed due to another tragedy earlier that week, when Buddy Holly's plane went down in a cold Iowa night. We all know that story. Here's Slim's, or at least what can be pieced together of it. [PAR] Five years earlier, Slim had a number-one hit on the Billboard R&B charts for six weeks straight with \"The Things That I Used to Do,\" on Specialty Records. He claims the song came to him in a dream. In the dream, an angel fought a devil, each of them holding a set of lyrics to a song. Guess who won. [PAR] Like another great bluesman keen on perpetuating his own myth while \"walking side by side\" with the Devil, and whose story is also shrouded in mystery, contradiction, and hearsay, Slim's life started in the richly fertile region of the Mississippi Delta. Eddie Lee Jones was born in Greenwood, Mississippi, in 1926. His mother died when he was 5, and he was sent to live with his grandfather at the L.C. Hayes Plantation, near Hollandale. He worked the fields, picking cotton and plowing behind a mule. His first instrument was the piano. He was allegedly fluent in boogie-woogie, and according to his first wife, he could hear any song once on a jukebox and sing it back immediately. He got his start as an entertainer, not as a musician but as a dancer. Eddie Jones, also known at the time as \"Limber-Legged Eddie,\" would regularly show up at juke joints and clear the floor with an acrobatic repertoire of splits, jumps, twirls, and gyrations with any woman who could keep up with him. [PAR] He married one of these women, 16-year-old Virginia Dumas, and was soon drafted into the army, where he served briefly in the Pacific at the end of World War II. Upon his return in 1946, he took a job working a cotton press. At the Harlem Club, in Hollandale, he befriended (and sometimes played piano behind) local and traveling musicians, including Robert Nighthawk, whose guitar prowess entranced the young Mr. Jones. In 1948, he left Dumas and Hollandale, surfacing in Arkansas, where he spent the next two years dancing in Delta juke joints with Willie Warren's band. It was Warren who showed Jones how to play the guitar. Jones was a quick learner, and in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Kuhn\u2019s sense of the term - theguardian.com Thomas Kuhn: the man who changed the way the world looked at science | Science | The Guardian [PAR] The Observer [PAR] Thomas Kuhn: the man who changed the way the world looked at science [PAR] Fifty years ago, a book by Thomas Kuhn altered the way we look at the philosophy behind science, as well as introducing the much abused phrase 'paradigm shift' [PAR] Illustration by Scott Garrett. Click for the full image [PAR] Saturday 18 August 2012 19.05 EDT [PAR] First published on Saturday 18 August 2012 19.05 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Fifty years ago this month, one of the most influential books of the 20th century was published by the University of Chicago Press. Many if not most lay people have probably never heard of its author, Thomas Kuhn, or of his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , but their thinking has almost certainly been influenced by his ideas. The litmus test is whether you've ever heard or used the term \"paradigm shift\", which is probably the most used \u2013 and abused \u2013 term in contemporary discussions of organisational change and intellectual progress. A Google search for it returns more than 10 million hits, for example. And it currently turns up inside no fewer than 18,300 of the books marketed by Amazon . It is also one of the most cited academic books of all time . So if ever a big idea went viral, this is it. [PAR] The real measure of Kuhn's importance, however, lies not in the infectiousness of one of his concepts but in the fact that he singlehandedly changed the way we think about mankind's most organised attempt to understand the world. Before Kuhn, our view of science was dominated by philosophical ideas about how it ought to develop (\"the scientific method\"), together with a heroic narrative of scientific progress as \"the addition of new truths to the stock of old truths, or the increasing approximation of theories to the truth, and in the odd case, the correction of past errors\", as the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy puts it. Before Kuhn, in other words, we had what amounted to the Whig interpretation of scientific history, in which past researchers, theorists and experimenters had engaged in a long march, if not towards \"truth\", then at least towards greater and greater understanding of the natural world. [PAR] Kuhn's version of how science develops differed dramatically from the Whig version. Where the standard account saw steady, cumulative \"progress\", he saw discontinuities \u2013 a set of alternating \"normal\" and \"revolutionary\" phases in which communities of specialists in particular fields are plunged into periods of turmoil, uncertainty and angst. These revolutionary phases \u2013 for example the transition from Newtonian mechanics to quantum physics \u2013 correspond to great conceptual breakthroughs and lay the basis for a succeeding phase of business as usual. The fact that his version seems unremarkable now is, in a way, the greatest measure of his success. But in 1962 almost everything about it was controversial because of the challenge it posed to powerful, entrenched philosophical assumptions about how science did \u2013 and should \u2013 work. [PAR] What made it worse for philosophers of science was that Kuhn wasn't even a philosopher: he was a physicist, dammit. Born in 1922 in Cincinnati, he studied physics at Harvard, graduating summa cum laude in 1943, after which he was swept up by the war effort to work on radar. He returned to Harvard after the war to do a PhD \u2013 again"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sam Neill - Biography - IMDb Sam Neill - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Sam Neill [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (18) | Personal Quotes (10) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 11\u00be\" (1.82 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Sam Neill was born in Omagh, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland, to army parents, an English-born mother, Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), and a New Zealand-born father, Dermot Neill. His family moved to the South Island of New Zealand in 1954. He went to boarding schools and then attended the universities at Canterbury and Victoria. He has a BA in English Literature. Following his graduation, he worked with the New Zealand Players and other theater groups. He also was a film director, editor and scriptwriter for the New Zealand National Film Unit for 6 years. [PAR] Sam Neill is internationally recognised for his contribution to film and television. He is well known for his roles in Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park and Jane Campion's Academy Award Winning film The Piano. Other film roles include The Daughter, Backtrack opposite Adrian Brody, Deux Ex Machina, F2014, A Long Way Down, The Tomb, The Hunter with Willem Dafoe, Daybreakers, Legend of the Guardians: The Owls Of G'Ahoole, Little Fish opposite Cate Blanchett, Skin, Dean Spanley, Wimbledon, Yes, Perfect Strangers, Dirty Deeds, The Zookeepers, Bicenntial Man opposite Robin Williams, The Horse Whisperer alongside Kristin Scott Thomas, Sleeping Dogs, My Brilliant Career. [PAR] He received Emmy and Golden Globe nominations for the NBC miniseries Merlin. He also received a Golden Globe nomination for One Against The Wind, and for Reilly: The Ace of Spies. The British Academy of Film and Television honoured Sam's work in Reilly by naming him Best Actor. Sam received an AFI Award for Best Actor for his role in Jessica. [PAR] Other television includes House of Hancock, Rake, Doctor Zhivago, To the Ends of Earth, The Tudors with Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Cruseo, Alcatraz and recently in Old School opposite Bryan Brown, Peaky Blinders alongside Cillian Murphy, The Dovekeepers for CBS Studios. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Shanahan Management [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] (1978 - 1989) (divorced) (1 child) [PAR] Trivia (18) [PAR] One son, Tim Neill (b.1983), with Lisa Harrow , a daughter Elena Neill with Noriko Watanabe , and a step-daughter Maiko. [PAR] Met wife Noriko Watanabe on the set of Dead Calm (1989), where she worked as a make-up artist. [PAR] He has homes in Beverly Hills, Sydney and New Zealand. [PAR] Awarded the O.B.E. for Service to Acting (1993). [PAR] \"Best Actor on British Television\" for Reilly: Ace of Spies (1983), Australian Film Institute Award \"Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role\" for A Cry in the Dark (1988) (aka \"Cry in the Dark (1988)\"). [PAR] His vineyard is in the Gibbston Valley, Otago. His wine is a Pinot Noir called Two Paddocks. [PAR] One of the original candidates for the fourth and fifth actor to portray James Bond - 007 in The Living Daylights (1987) and GoldenEye (1995). Timothy Dalton and Pierce Brosnan ended up as James Bond, respectively. [PAR] Montana is a recurring element in his films: in The Hunt for Red October (1990) he wants to live in Montana; in The Horse Whisperer (1998) he goes to Montana to find with his wife; in Jurassic Park (1993) he is digging up fossils in Montana. [PAR] He is one of the three founders of Huntaway Films, along with his good friends John Clarke and Jay Cassells . [PAR] Was considered for the role of the villainous \"Doc Ock\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brilliant, Troubled Dorothy Parker by Robert Gottlieb ... Brilliant, Troubled Dorothy Parker | by Robert Gottlieb | The New York Review of Books [PAR] Brilliant, Troubled Dorothy Parker [PAR] edited by Kevin C. Fitzpatrick [PAR] iUniverse, 483 pp., $34.95 (paper) [PAR] by Dorothy Parker, edited by Colleen Breese, with an introduction by Regina Barreca [PAR] Penguin, 447 pp., $18.00 (paper) [PAR] by Dorothy Parker, edited by Marion Meade [PAR] Penguin, 390 pp., $18.00 (paper) [PAR] edited and with an introduction by Marion Meade [PAR] Penguin, 626 pp., $20.00 (paper) [PAR] Simon and Schuster, 318 pp. (1970) [PAR] Jacob Lofman/Cond\u00e9 Nast Archive/Corbis [PAR] Dorothy Parker and Alan Campbell at their farmhouse in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1937 [PAR] What are we to make today of this famous woman who, beginning almost a century ago, has fascinated generations with her wit, flair, talent, and near genius for self-destruction? For some, what registers most strongly is her central role in the legend of the Algonquin Round Table, with its campiness of wisecracks, quips, and put-downs\u2014a part of her life she would come to repudiate. For others, it\u2019s the descent into alcoholism, and the sad final years holed up in Manhattan\u2019s Volney Hotel. Pick your myth. [PAR] As for her writing, it has evoked ridiculous exaggeration from her votaries, both her contemporaries and her biographers. Vincent Sheean: \u201cAmong contemporary artists, I would put her next to Hemingway and Bill Faulkner. She wasn\u2019t Shakespeare, but what she was, was true.\u201d John Keats in his biography of her, You Might as Well Live (1970): \u201cShe wrote poetry that was at least as good as the best of Millay and Housman. She wrote some stories that are easily as good as some of O\u2019Hara and Hemingway.\u201d This is praise that manages to be inflated and qualified at the same time. [PAR] And here is Regina Barreca, a professor of English literature and feminist theory at the University of Connecticut, in her introduction to the Penguin edition of the Complete Stories: \u201cIf Parker\u2019s work can be dismissed as narrow and easy, then so can the work of Austen, Eliot, and Woolf.\u201d Well, no. Exaggerated claims don\u2019t strengthen the case for Parker\u2019s literary accomplishments. As is inevitably the case with criticism grounded in agenda, they diminish it. But this doesn\u2019t mean that her work is without value or interest. [PAR] Certainly she struck a chord with the public: from the start, her voice spoke to a wide range of readers. Her generally sardonic, often angry, occasionally brutal view of men and women\u2014of love and marriage, of cauterized despair\u2014triggered recognition and perhaps even strengthened resolve. She told the truth as she perceived it, while using her wit and humor to hold at arm\u2019s length the feelings that her personal experiences had unleashed in her. An uncanny modern descendant is Nora Ephron in her novel Heartburn, which reimagines her ugly and painful breakup with Carl Bernstein as a barbed comedy. [PAR] In 1915, Parker, aged twenty-two, went to work at Vogue (for ten dollars a week), writing captions, proofreading, fact-checking, etc., and after a while moved over to the very young Vanity Fair; her first poem to be published had recently appeared there. She happily functioned as a kind of scribe-of-all-work until three years later she was chosen to replace the departing P.G. Wodehouse as the magazine\u2019s drama critic. She was not only the youngest by far of New York\u2019s theater critics, she was the only female one. [PAR] It was at the magazine that she met the lovable and sympathetic Robert Benchley, who would become the closest friend of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] March 9, 1997: Notorious B.I.G. Killed Video - ABC News March 9, 1997: Notorious B.I.G. Killed Video - ABC News [PAR] ABC News [PAR] East Coast rapper Biggie Smalls is gunned down in a drive-by shooting in L.A. [PAR] 3:00 | 09/08/14 [PAR] Coming up in the next {{countdown}} {{countdownlbl}} [PAR] Coming up next: [PAR] More information on this video [PAR] Enhanced full screen [PAR] Transcript for 3/9/97: Notorious B.I.G. Killed [PAR] This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. [PAR] Now Playing: 9/14/82: Grace Kelly Dies [PAR] Now Playing: 9/13/93: PLO-Israeli Peace Agreement [PAR] Now Playing: 9/15/01: Pres. Bush Declares War on Terror [PAR] Now Playing: 9/15/83: Israeli PM Begin Resigns [PAR] Now Playing: 9/17/01: Stock Market Reopens [PAR] Now Playing: 4/29/1983: Chicago's First Black Mayor [PAR] Now Playing: 4/28/1986: Chernobyl Disaster [PAR] Now Playing: 4/4/68: MLK Assassinated [PAR] Now Playing: 6/26/90: Bush Breaks 'No New Tax' Policy [PAR] Now Playing: 4/24/1989: Central Park Jogger Attacked [PAR] Now Playing: 4/24/1990: Hubble Telescope [PAR] Now Playing: 4/26/1980: Hostages in Iran Moved [PAR] Now Playing: 4/27/1994: First Interracial Elections in S. Africa [PAR] Now Playing: 4/25/1990: Nicaraguan President Chamorro [PAR] Now Playing: 4/30/2004: Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal [PAR] Now Playing: 4/30/1992: Rodney King Case Verdict [PAR] Now Playing: 4/30/1970: U.S. Invades So. Vietnam [PAR] Now Playing: 4/13/70: Apollo 13 in Trouble [PAR] Now Playing: 4/14/72: Nixon Visits Canada [PAR] Now Playing: 4/14/88: Soviet Troops Leave Afghanistan [PAR] Now Playing: {{itm.title}} [PAR] {\"id\":13084580,\"title\":\"3/9/97: Notorious B.I.G. Killed\",\"duration\":\"3:00\",\"description\":\"East Coast rapper Biggie Smalls is gunned down in a drive-by shooting in L.A.\",\"url\":\"/Archives/video/march-1997-notorious-big-killed-13084580\",\"section\":\"Archives\",\"mediaType\":\"default\"}[DOC] [TLE] The Life and Legacy of Christopher \u2018Notorious B.I.G ... The Life and Legacy of Christopher \u2018Notorious B.I.G.\u2019 Wallace | News One [PAR] The Life and Legacy of Christopher \u2018Notorious B.I.G.\u2019 Wallace [PAR] Leave a comment [PAR] 15 reads [PAR] Christopher \u201cNotorious B.I.G.\u201d Wallace (pictured) was gunned down on March 9, 1997, just two months shy of his 25th birthday. With fame and all the perks that came along with his stellar rapping ability, he was destined to achieve so much more. On Wednesday, Biggie Smalls, as he also known, would have been 42 years of age. NewsOne takes a look back at the life and legacy of the heavyweight Brooklyn rap legend. [PAR] SEE ALSO: Haitian Revolution Leader Toussaint L\u2019Ouverture Was Born On This Day In 1743 [PAR] Hip-hop music was in a curious place, as many were still mourning the death of Wallace\u2019s rival, Tupac \u201c2Pac\u201d Shakur , who was killed a mere six months prior on September 7, 1996, in Las Vegas via a drive-by shooting. Because of the tensions between East and West Coast rappers at the time, many fans thought 2Pac\u2019s death was a fatal warning serving as a salvo for the escalating coastal war. Dying in a similar fashion, Biggie\u2019s murder left a foreboding cloud over the industry as it suddenly became less about the music and more about the violence it inspired. [PAR] Born Christopher George Latore Wallace to Jamaican parents George Latore and Voletta Wallace, the future Bad Boy star was raised in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn. According to his mother\u2019s accounts, Wallace was a good student but succumbed to the trappings of the streets while in middle school. By the time he reached high school, his involvement in the drug trade increased and he was later jailed for his actions. Despite his life of crime, Wallace had a natural knack for rapping and made a demo tape using the alias Biggie Smalls. [PAR] The tape made its way to the hands of Mister Cee, a popular DJ"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthony Blunt | Bletchley Park Anthony Blunt | Bletchley Park [PAR] Bletchley Park [PAR] Anthony Blunt [PAR] October 5, 2009 by bletchleyadmin [PAR] Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907, Bournemouth, Hampshire \u2013 26 March 1983, Westminster, London), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO between 1956 and 1979, was a British spy, art historian, Professor of the History of Art at the University of London, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, London (1947-74), and Surveyor of the King\u2019s Pictures (1945-72). [PAR] Blunt was an acclaimed art critic and the \u201cFourth Man\u201d of the Cambridge Five, a group of traitors and spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. [PAR] Blunt was born in Bournemouth, the third and youngest son of a vicar, the Revd (Arthur) Stanley Vaughan Blunt (1870\u20131929) and his wife, Hilda Violet (1880\u20131969), daughter of Henry Master of the Madras civil service. He was the brother of writer Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt and of numismatist Christopher Evelyn Blunt, and the grandnephew of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt. [PAR] Blunt is frequently spoken of as a distant relative of Queen Mary (Mary of Teck) \u2013 generally Prince Michael of Hesse is given as their common cousin \u2013 however, the exact lineage is never produced. He was, however, demonstrably a cousin of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the late Queen Mother, through his mother, Hilda V. Master, daughter of John Henry Master, son of Frances Mary Smith, sister of Oswald Smith, father of Frances Dora Smith, mother of Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, father of Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, making Blunt and the Queen Mother third cousins, by common descent from George Smith and his wife Frances Mary Mosley. [PAR] He was educated at Marlborough College, where he joined the College\u2019s secret \u2018Society of Amici\u2019, in which he was a contemporary of Louis MacNeice (whose unfinished autobiography The Strings are False contains numerous references to Blunt), John Betjeman and Graham Shepard. He later read mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge, and earned his first degree in that subject. But he switched to Modern Languages, eventually graduating in 1930, to become a teacher of French. He became a Fellow of the college in 1932, and was a member of the Cambridge Apostles, a secret society which at that time was largely Marxist, formed from members (students, alumni, and professors) of Cambridge University. [PAR] After visiting the Soviet Union in 1933, Blunt was recruited in 1934 by the NKVD. A committed Communist, Blunt was recruited by his student Guy Burgess at Cambridge although there is reason to believe that Blunt, the older, was control. He joined the British Army in 1939 and in 1940 was recruited to MI5, the military intelligence department. He passed on ULTRA intelligence from decrypted Enigma intercepts to the Soviet Union. He reached the rank of major. [PAR] As World War II was ending, Blunt successfully undertook a special mission to the defeated Germany on behalf of the British Royal Family, to recover incriminating letters written by the Duke of Windsor to Adolf Hitler. The mission may have also recovered the so-called \u2018Vicky Letters\u2019, between Queen Victoria and some of her German relatives. [PAR] Following the defection in May 1951 of fellow spies Guy Burgess and Donald Duart Maclean to the Soviet Union, Blunt came under suspicion as well. He had been a close, longtime friend of Burgess, from their time at Cambridge. Maclean was in imminent danger of being unmasked as a spy by decryptions from VENONA. Blunt was interrogated by MI5 in 1952, but gave little,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ... What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old \"Stompie\" [PAR] The Murder of 14 yr old \"Stompie\" [PAR] The Murder of James \"Stompie\" Seipei [PAR] James Seipei (1974\u20131988), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, was a teenage African National Congress (ANC) activist from Parys in South Africa. He was kidnapped and murdered on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the Mandela United football club. [PAR] Moeketsi joined the street uprising against apartheid in the mid 1980s at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th birthday in jail without trial. At the age of 13 he was expelled from school . [PAR] Moeketsi was kidnapped on 29 December 1988 after a school rally, accused of being a police informer and murdered at the age of 14. His body was found in Soweto with his throat slit. Jerry Richardson, one of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, was convicted of the murder. [PAR] He claimed that she had ordered him to abduct four young men from Soweto, of whom Stompie was the youngest. The four were severely beaten and Stompie's body was later recovered by the police. [PAR] Involvement of Winnie Mandela [PAR] Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (born Nomzamo Winfreda Madikizelza; 26 September 1936) is a South AfricanAfrican National Congress Women's League. She is currently a member of the ANC's National Executive Committee. Although still married to Nelson Mandela at the time of his becoming president of South Africa in May 1994, she was never the first lady of South Africa, as the couple had separated two years earlier after it was revealed that Winnie had been unfaithful during Nelson's incarceration. Their divorce was finalized on 19 March 1996, with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Winnie Mandela's attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5 million, half of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth, was dismissed when she failed to appear at court for a financial settlement hearing. [PAR] A controversial activist, she is popular among her supporters, who refer to her as the 'Mother of the Nation', yet reviled by others, mostly due to her alleged involvement in several human rights abuses, including the 1989 kidnap of 14-year old ANC activist Stompie Moeketsi, who was later murdered. [PAR] In March 2009, the Independent Electoral Commission ruled that Winnie Mandela, who was selected as an ANC candidate, could run in the April 2009 general election, despite having a fraud conviction. [PAR] [PAR] Early life [PAR] Her Xhosa name is Nomzamo. Nomzamo means \"trial (having a hard time in life)\". She was born in the village of eMbongweni, Bizana, in the Pondo region of what is now South Africa's Eastern Cape Province. She held a number of jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei, including with the Transkei government, living at various times in Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. [PAR] [PAR] She met lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957. They were married in 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (also called Zeni) (b.1959) and Zindzi (b.1960). In June 2010, Winnie was treated for shock after the death of her great-granddaughter, Zenani, who was killed in a car accident on the eve of the opening of South Africa's World Cup. She has diabetes. [PAR] Despite restrictions on education of blacks during apartheid, Mandela earned a degree in social work from the Jan Hofmeyer School in Johannesburg, and several years later earned a Bachelor's degree in international"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Lindbergh - Military Wiki - Wikia Charles Lindbergh | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh [PAR] Signature [PAR] Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 \u2013 August 26, 1974), nicknamed Slim, [1] Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist. [PAR] As a 25-year-old U.S. Air Mail pilot, Lindbergh emerged suddenly from virtual obscurity to instantaneous world fame as the result of his Orteig Prize -winning solo non-stop flight on May 20\u201321, 1927, made from Roosevelt Field [N 1] in Garden City on New York's Long Island to Le Bourget Field in Paris, France, a distance of nearly 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km), in the single-seat, single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane Spirit of St. Louis . As a result of this flight Lindbergh was the first person in history to be in New York one day and Paris the next. Lindbergh, a U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve officer, was also awarded the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor , for his historic exploit. [PAR] In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Lindbergh used his fame to promote the development of both commercial aviation and Air Mail services in the United States and the Americas. In March 1932, his infant son, Charles, Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what was soon dubbed the \"Crime of the Century\" . It was described by journalist H.L. Mencken, as \"... the biggest story since the resurrection.\" [2] The kidnapping eventually led to the Lindbergh family being \"driven into voluntary exile\" in Europe to which they sailed in secrecy from New York under assumed names in late December 1935 to \"seek a safe, secluded residence away from the tremendous public hysteria\" in America. The Lindberghs returned to the United States in April 1939. [PAR] Before the United States formally entered World War II , Lindbergh had been an outspoken advocate of keeping the U.S. out of the world conflict, as had his father, Congressman Charles August Lindbergh , during World War I . Although Lindbergh was a leader in the anti-war America First movement, he nevertheless strongly supported the war effort after Pearl Harbor and flew many combat missions in the Pacific Theater of World War II as a civilian consultant even though President Franklin D. Roosevelt had refused to reinstate his Army Air Corps colonel's commission that he had resigned in April 1941. [PAR] In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific prize-winning author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Charles A. Lindbergh: son and father c. 1910 [PAR] Although born in Detroit, Michigan, on February 4, 1902, Charles Agustus Lindbergh spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota , and Washington, D.C.. He was the third child of Swedish immigrant Charles August Lindbergh ( birth name Carl M\u00e5nsson) (1859\u20131924), and only child of his second wife, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876\u20131954), of Detroit although the Lindberghs separated in 1909 when their son was seven. [3] Lindbergh's father, a U.S. Congressman (R-Minnesota (6th)) from 1907 to 1917, was one of just fifty House members to vote against (373-50) the entry of the U.S. into World War I. [4] Mrs. Lindbergh was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh also attended over a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including the Force School and Sidwell Friends School"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Trans-Atlantic Flight [PAR] more \u00bb [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] Amelia Earhart poses in front of the plane in which she completed her solo flight across the Atlantic, May 21, 1932, Derry, Ireland. [PAR] On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Trans-Atlantic Flight [PAR] May 20, 2011 06:00 AM [PAR] by findingDulcinea Staff [PAR] On May 20, 1932, Amelia Earhart took off from Newfoundland; she landed in Ireland nearly 15 hours later, becoming the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. [PAR] Earhart Becomes Second Person to Fly Solo Across Atlantic [PAR] Aviation phenomenon Amelia Earhart first made headlines in 1928 when she became the first woman to cross the Atlantic as a passenger on a trans-Atlantic airplane flight. Though she received international fame, Earhart did not think she deserved it ; \u201cI was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes,\u201d she remarked. [PAR] Four years later, Earhart attempted to make the flight on her own. Just one person, Charles Lindbergh , had flown solo across the Atlantic. A female aviator, Ruth Nichols , had attempted the flight in 1931, but had crashed in Canada. [PAR] On May 20, 1932, five years to the day after Lindbergh\u2019s flight, Earhart took off from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, in her red Lockheed Vega 5B . She encountered many difficulties; \u201cEarhart fought fatigue, a leaky fuel tank, and a cracked manifold that spewed flames out the side of the engine cowling,\u201d writes the Smithsonian Institution\u2019s National Air and Space Museum. \u201cIce formed on the Vega's wings and caused an unstoppable 3,000-foot descent to just above the waves.\u201d [PAR] She had planned to fly to Paris\u2014the same destination as Lindbergh\u2014but the weather and mechanical problems forced her to land at a farm near Derry, Ireland , completing the flight in 14 hours and 56 minutes. She described her landing in a pasture: \u201cAfter scaring most of the cows in the neighborhood, I pulled up in a farmer\u2019s back yard.\u201d [PAR] Related Content [PAR] Charles Lindbergh [PAR] \u201c Many have said that the last great spectacular feat of this sort which remained in aviation would be a solitary Atlantic crossing by a woman,\u201d the Manchester Guardian wrote. \u201cWithout male or other assistance, but relying on her own ability as a pilot, her own skill in the extremely difficult navigation which the Atlantic demands, she has succeeded in proving that the flight is not beyond the knowledge and the capacity for sustained endurance which a woman can acquire.\u201d [PAR] Earhart was lavished with honors , receiving a tickertape parade in New York and being awarded a National Geographic Society medal by President Hoover and the Distinguished Flying Cross by Congress. [PAR] The New York Times: The Lady Vanishes: Amelia Earhart [PAR] Amelia Earhart , born in 1897 in Kansas, worked as a nurse\u2019s aide and a social worker before learning to fly and buying her own plane in 1921. She set the women\u2019s altitude record in 1923, and in 1928 was offered the opportunity by publicist George Putnam\u2014her future husband\u2014to be the first woman to take part in a trans-Atlantic flight. [PAR] Earhart went on to form the Ninety-Nines , the first organization of female pilots, with 98 other aviatrixes, and set other women\u2019s flying records before her 1932 trans-Atlantic flight. Later, she became the first person to fly the Atlantic alone twice, and the first woman to fly nonstop across the United States. [PAR] Her flying career ended with her disappearance in 1937 during"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The United States Army - Team Bliss The United States Army - Team Bliss [PAR] Search [PAR] 1AD History [PAR] The 1st Armored Division's commitment to the civic and military values for which \"Old Ironsides\" has been renowned for half a century (patriotism, discipline, readiness, self-sacrifice, combined arms cooperation, shock action, decisiveness, and generosity in victory) remains relentlessly strong today. The distinctive insignia of the 1st Armored Division is drawn in bold colors characteristic of the division. The insignia is designed from the triangular coat-of-arms of the American World War II Tank Corps. The yellow, blue, and red colors of the shoulder sleeve insignia represent the combined arms nature of the armored division (Armor, Infantry, and Artillery). Superimposed on the triangle is the insignia of the former Seventh Cavalry Brigade (Mechanized), the predecessors of the Old Ironsides. The tank track represents mobility and armor protection, the gun denotes firepower, and the chain of lightening symbolizes speed and shock action. Mobility, firepower, and shock action are the basic attributes of Armor. The Arabic numeral in the apex of the triangle indicates the First Armor Division. The nickname of the division, officially sanctioned by the Department of the Army is emblazoned under the triangle and is an integral part of the insignia. [PAR] OLD IRONSIDES DESIGNATION [PAR] The 1st Armored Division was activated at Fort Knox on July 15, 1940. Its first commander was Major General Bruce R. Magruder from July 1940 to March 1942. In 1941 General George S. Patton Jr. had just named his 2nd Armored Division \"Hell on Wheels\" and everyone thought that the 1st Armored Division needed a name too. Major General Bruce Magruder announced a contest to find a suitable name for his Division. Approximately 200 names were submitted including \"Fire and Brimstone\" and \"Kentucky Wonders.\" The General took them home to study over the weekend but failed to find any that appealed to him. While mulling the matter over, he happened to glance at a painting of the U.S.S. Constitution that he had bought during a drive for funds for the preservation of that famous fighting ship. From the painting of the U.S.S. Constitution USS Constitution he noted its nickname, \"Old Ironsides\". Impressed with the parallel between the early development of the tank and the Navy's \"Old Ironsides\" spirit of daring and durability he decided the 1st Armored Division should also be named \"Old Ironsides.\" Thus a famous warship of the US Navy and the famous 1st Armored Division of the US Army are historically and appropriately welded by name \"Old Ironsides.\" That ended the search for a name. The 1st Armored Division became \"Old Ironsides\" that same day and forty months of fighting later testified that its name was well chosen. This was a fighting Division. [PAR] NORTH AFRICA [PAR] As part of Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French Northwest Africa, November 8, 1942. In doing so, Old Ironsides became the first American Armored Division to see combat. Although encountering unexpectedly heavy Vichy-French opposition, the Allied invasion force suppressed all resistance in the beachhead within three days. The Division then advanced toward Tunisia where it clashed with Axis forces and learned many hard lessons in armored warfare. Harsh conditions and primitive roads spoiled an early opportunity to capture Tunisia and cut off Rommel's supply lines. January 1943 found the Division under control of the II Corps. Old Ironsides received the mission of defending central Tunisia against an Axis counterattack. A month later, the 1st Armored Division collided with a superior German armored force at Kasserine Pass. Sustaining heavy personnel and equipment losses,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Long March of the Communist Party of China 1934-35 The Long March of the Communist Party of China 1934-35 [PAR] The Long March of the [PAR] Communist Party of China [PAR] 1934-35 [PAR] This is the story of the Long March of the Communist Party leadership and the Red Army from South China to Northwest China. The source is mainly Harrison Salisbury's book The Long March. Salisbury's book is a very good book that well conveys the drama of the Long March and its three struggles: [PAR] 1. the Red Army with the Nationalist Army of Chiang Kai-shek [PAR] 2. the Red Army with the elements and terrain of western China [PAR] 3. the factions within the Red Army with each other. [PAR] The latter struggle was primarily between the Mao Zedong faction and the Communist International (Comintern) faction led by the man Joseph Stalin imposed as a condition for aiding the communists, Otto Braun. There was also a power struggles between the First Army led by Mao Zedong and the Fourth Army led by Zhang Guotao. Salisbury is sympathetic to Mao but his book is objective and well worth reading. There is however another book, Mao: The Unknown Story by Jung Chang and her husband Jon Halliday that tells the story behind the story of the Long March. [PAR] Background [PAR] Both the Communist Party and the Guomindang (Nationalist) Party were created around 1920 and had a socialist orientation. The Guomindang although it had a socialist orientation was primarily concerned with establishing a nation state. This meant suppressing the numerous warlords and uniting China. The Guomindang needed financial aid to achieve this and it was not going to get such aid from the imperialist powers. The founder and leader of the Guomindang, Sun Yatsen, sought and received aid from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union not only sent material aid, it also sent advisors, Michael Borodin and Otto Braun. The latter was a German Communist representing the Communist International, the Comintern. The Soviet Union also required that the Guomindang admit to its membership the members of the Communist Party of China. [PAR] The Communists worked within the Guomindang during the early and middle 1920's. The arrangement appeared to work well. Chiang Kai-shek directed the Whampoa Military Academy and Zhou Enlai served as the political officer for that academy. Chiang Kai-shek went to Moscow for training and later his son, Chiang Ching-guo, went to Moscow. [PAR] The trouble came when Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in 1925. It was uncertain who would succeed him as leader of the Guomindang. After a short period of political maneuvering Chiang Kai-shek emerged as the leader. The Guomindang actually split at this time into two factions, a left faction headed by Chiang Kai-shek who accepted continued cooperation with the Communists and a right faction which opposed such cooperation. [PAR] After consolidating his hold on the Guomindang Chiang Kai-shek organized a northern expedition to defeat the many warlords who controlled local areas of northern China. [PAR] Chiang's Northern Expedition of 1926-27 was a great success. Thirty nine war lords were defeated. The Northern Expedition then moved to Shanghai. The Communist-dominated labor unions staged an uprising prior to the entry of Chiang's army into the city. This uprising established a city government without Chiang's approval. This and other actions by the Communists within the Guomindang led Chiang to fear the Communists were following their own agenda and were striving for control. Chiang's followers turned upon the Communists in Shanghai and massacred them. A similar slaughter and purge of the Communists within the Guomindang"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles about Terry Waite by Date - Page 5 ... Articles about Terry Waite by Date - Page 5 - tribunedigital-chicagotribune [PAR] Gentle Giant Takes On Terrorists [PAR] By Ray Moseley, Chicago Tribune | November 24, 1985 [PAR] The British press sometimes refers to Terry Waite as the Henry Kissinger of the Church of England. Like the former U.S. secretary of state, Waite seems forever to be hopping aboard planes and flying to distant countries to perform miracles of diplomacy. Waite, 46, personal assistant to Dr. Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury and spiritual leader of the Church of England, has two \"missions impossible\" to his credit in four years--getting Britons freed from jails in Iran and Libya. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Back In Beirut, Church Envoy Uses Summit As Bargaining Tool [PAR] By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 20, 1985 [PAR] Church of England envoy Terry Waite returned to Beirut Tuesday evening, saying he had \"important things to say\" to the kidnapers of four American hostages in Lebanon. Shortly after his arrival, the representative of the Archbishop of Canterbury issued an impassioned plea for the release of all hostages in Lebanon--Italian, British, American, French and Lebanese--to coincide with the summit meeting in Geneva between President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. This would \"show Islam and this country in their true glory,\" he said. [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Envoy Tells `Hope` For 6 Hostages [PAR] By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 18, 1985 [PAR] Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite left Beirut abruptly Sunday, saying he was going to meet with members of the Reagan administration to pursue his efforts to rescue six Americans held hostage in Lebanon. During a stopover in Rome on his way to London and possibly the United States, Waite said his assessment of the situation was both \"hopeful and dangerous.\" \"I`d like to say to families of the hostages that I am hopeful, I haven`t lost hope at all. I`d like to ask them to continue to maintain hope and be as cheerful as possible under these circumstances.\" [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Contact With Beirut Kidnapers Reported [PAR] By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 17, 1985 [PAR] Hopes were raised Saturday for a breakthrough in the U.S. hostage affair in Lebanon with the announcement by Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite that he has established contact with the kidnapers of the four Americans and is to hold a \"face-to-face meeting\" with them. In a brief statement, the lay representative of the Archbishop of Canterbury said he had refrained from arranging a meeting until he was sure he was dealing with the right group. He put certain questions to his intermediary that could only be answered by one of the hostages. [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Envoy Tells Progress In Hostage Mission [PAR] By Liz Sly, Special to The Tribune | November 15, 1985 [PAR] Terry Waite, the envoy of the archbishop of Canterbury, said Thursday that he had made contact with the kidnapers of four American hostages in Beirut and that the next stage is a \"face-to-face\" meeting. Waite spoke at an impromptu press conference aimed at persuading journalists and cameramen to leave him alone. \"I`d like to make a particular plea that I`m not to be followed by anybody because if that happens, it will jeopardize my own safety and that of other people,\" he told foreign newsmen at the Commodore Hotel in West Beirut.[DOC] [TLE] Terry Waite Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ... Terry Waite facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Terry Waite [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 ... Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 in Exile - NYTimes.com [PAR] Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 in Exile [PAR] By JANE GROSS, Special to The New York Times [PAR] Published: September 29, 1989 [PAR] HONOLULU, Sept. 28\u2014 Ferdinand E. Marcos, who ruled the Philippines for 20 years until he was ousted in 1986, died in exile here today at St. Francis Medical Center after a long battle with heart, lung and kidney ailments. He was 72 years old. [PAR] A hospital spokesman, Eugene Tiwanak, said Mr. Marcos died of cardiac arrest shortly after midnight. The former Philippine President had been hospitalized for nearly 10 months, often comatose. His wife, Imelda, was at his bedside. Mr. Marcos, an autocratic leader who imposed martial law in his homeland from 1972 to 1981, died without facing trial on United States criminal charges that he plundered the Philippine Treasury of more than $100 million in his two decades in power. [ An obituary is on page B6. ] Barred From Returning Home In a statement issued in Manila, President Corazon C. Aquino, Mr. Marcos's successor, offered condolences to the Marcos family. [PAR] Mrs. Aquino announced that she would not allow Mr. Marcos's body to be brought to the Philippines for burial, saying she was acting for ''the safety of those who would take the death of Mr. Marcos in widely and passionately conflicting ways.'' [ Page B6. ] The assassination in 1983 of Mrs. Aquino's husband, the oppostion leader Benigno S. Aquino Jr., was a pivotal event in Mr. Marcos's downfall. President Aquino said Mr. Marcos's death ''closed a chapter in the history of our nation, a chapter uniquely his own.'' In deference to the Marcos family, Mrs. Aquino said she would leave it ''to others, and ultimately to history,'' to assess Mr. Marcos's rule, which ''touched the life of every Filipino who was his contemporary.'' [PAR] President Bush, in a statement issued at an education summit conference in Charlottesville, Va., commended Mr. Marcos for his exit from power in 1986 amid a popular uprising and pressure from the United States Government after a disputed presidential election. By leaving the Philippines at ''a critical juncture in his nation's history,'' the White House statement said, Mr. Marcos ''permitted the peaceful transition to popular, democratic rule.'' [PAR] Mr. Marcos's death was announced early this morning by his son, Ferdinand Jr., who emerged from the medical center's intensive care unit after reciting a rosary at his father's bedside, along with his mother and his sister, Irene Araneta. [PAR] ''God has taken this great man from our midst to a better place,'' said the younger Marcos, 31 years old. ''Hopefully, friends and detractors alike will look beyond the man to see what he stood for - his vision, his compassion and his total love of country.'' [PAR] Mr. Marcos had been on the brink of death many times in his long hospitalization. A family spokesman, Roger Peyuan, said Mrs. Marcos had instructed doctors to take every possible step to save her husband's life. [PAR] Mr. Tiwanak said Mr. Marcos's condition began deteriorating 36 hours before his death. He said a pacemaker was implanted about midday on Wednesday, ''and it appeared his functions were coming back to some normalcy.'' [PAR] Mr. Tiwanak said the pacemaker was needed to keep Mr. Marcos's heart pumping but he also noted that because Mr. Marcos had ''multiple organ problems, any one of those could have gone completely.'' [PAR] Mr. Marcos had spent most of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Everest | mountain, Asia | Britannica.com Mount Everest | mountain, Asia | Britannica.com [PAR] Mount Everest [PAR] Alternative Titles: Chomolungma, Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng, Peak XV, Qomolangma Feng, Sagarmatha, Zhumulangma Feng [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner [PAR] Mount Everest, Sanskrit and Nepali Sagarmatha, Tibetan Chomolungma, Chinese (Pinyin) Zhumulangma Feng or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng, also spelled Qomolangma Feng, mountain on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China , at 27\u00b059\u2032 N 86\u00b056\u2032 E. Reaching an elevation of 29,035 feet (8,850 metres), Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, the highest point on Earth. [PAR] Like other high peaks in the region, Mount Everest has long been revered by local peoples. Its most common Tibetan name, Chomolungma, means \u201cGoddess Mother of the World\u201d or \u201cGoddess of the Valley.\u201d The Sanskrit name Sagarmatha means literally \u201cPeak of Heaven.\u201d Its identity as the highest point on the Earth\u2019s surface was not recognized, however, until 1852, when the governmental Survey of India established that fact. In 1865 the mountain\u2014previously referred to as Peak XV\u2014was renamed for Sir George Everest , British surveyor general of India from 1830 to 1843. [PAR] The North Face of Mount Everest, as seen from Tibet (China). [PAR] Maria Stenzel\u2014National Geographic/Getty Images [PAR] Physical features [PAR] Geology and relief [PAR] The Himalayan ranges were thrust upward by tectonic action as the Indian-Australian Plate moved northward from the south and was subducted (forced downward) under the Eurasian Plate following the collision of the two plates between about 40 and 50 million years ago. The Himalayas themselves started rising about 25 to 30 million years ago, and the Great Himalayas began to take their present form during the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago). Everest and its surrounding peaks are part of a large mountain massif that forms a focal point, or knot, of this tectonic action in the Great Himalayas. Information from global positioning instruments in place on Everest since the late 1990s indicates that the mountain continues to move a few inches to the northeast and rise a fraction of an inch each year. [PAR] The Mount Everest massif, Himalayas, Nepal. [PAR] \u00a9 Marta/Fotolia [PAR] Mount Pinatubo [PAR] Everest is composed of multiple layers of rock folded back on themselves (nappes). Rock on the lower elevations of the mountain consists of metamorphic schists and gneisses, topped by igneous granites. Higher up are found sedimentary rocks of marine origin (remnants of the ancient floor of the Tethys Sea that closed after the collision of the two plates). Notable is the Yellow Band, a limestone formation that is prominently visible just below the summit pyramid. [PAR] The barren Southeast, Northeast, and West ridges culminate in the Everest summit; a short distance away is the South Summit, a minor bump on the Southeast Ridge with an elevation of 28,700 feet (8,748 metres). The mountain can be seen directly from its northeastern side, where it rises about 12,000 feet (3,600 metres) above the Plateau of Tibet . The peak of Changtse (24,803 feet [7,560 metres]) rises to the north. Khumbutse (21,867 feet [6,665 metres]), Nuptse (25,791 feet [7,861 metres]), and Lhotse (27,940 feet [8,516 metres]) surround Everest\u2019s base to the west and south. [PAR] Everest is shaped like a three-sided pyramid . The three generally flat planes constituting the sides are called faces, and the line by which two faces join is known as a ridge. The North Face rises above Tibet and is bounded by the North Ridge (which meets the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld: evidence suggests UN chief's plane was ... Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld: evidence suggests UN chief's plane was shot down | World news | The Guardian [PAR] Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld [PAR] Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld: evidence suggests UN chief's plane was shot down [PAR] Eyewitnesses claim a second aircraft fired at the plane raising questions of British cover-up over the 1961 crash and its causes [PAR] The wreckage of Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld's plane near Ndola, now Zambia. Eyewitnesses claim they saw a second plane fire at the UN chief's plane. Photograph: TopFoto [PAR] Julian Borger and Georgina Smith in Ndola [PAR] Wednesday 17 August 2011 14.20 EDT [PAR] First published on Wednesday 17 August 2011 14.20 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] New evidence has emerged in one of the most enduring mysteries of United Nations and African history, suggesting that the plane carrying the UN secretary general Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld was shot down over Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) 50 years ago, and the murder was covered up by British colonial authorities. [PAR] A British-run commission of inquiry blamed the crash in 1961 on pilot error and a later UN investigation largely rubber-stamped its findings. They ignored or downplayed witness testimony of villagers near the crash site which suggested foul play. The Guardian has talked to surviving witnesses who were never questioned by the official investigations and were too scared to come forward. [PAR] The residents on the western outskirts of the town of Ndola described Hammarskj\u00f6ld's DC6 being shot down by a second, smaller aircraft. They say the crash site was sealed off by Northern Rhodesian security forces the next morning, hours before the wreckage was officially declared found, and they were ordered to leave the area. [PAR] The key witnesses were located and interviewed over the past three years by G\u00f6ran Bj\u00f6rkdahl, a Swedish aid worker based in Africa , who made the investigation of the Hammarskj\u00f6ld mystery a personal quest since discovering his father had a fragment of the crashed DC6. [PAR] \"My father was in that part of Zambia in the 70s and asking local people about what happened, and a man there, seeing that he was interested, gave him a piece of the plane. That was what got me started,\" Bj\u00f6rkdahl said. When he went to work in Africa himself, he went to the site and began to question the local people systematically on what they had seen. [PAR] The investigation led Bj\u00f6rkdahl to previously unpublished telegrams \u2013 seen by the Guardian \u2013 from the days leading up to Hammarskj\u00f6ld's death on 17 September 1961, which illustrate US and British anger at an abortive UN military operation that the secretary general ordered on behalf of the Congolese government against a rebellion backed by western mining companies and mercenaries in the mineral-rich Katanga region. [PAR] Hammarskj\u00f6ld was flying to Ndola for peace talks with the Katanga leadership at a meeting that the British helped arrange. The fiercely independent Swedish diplomat had, by then, enraged almost all the major powers on the security council with his support for decolonisation, but support from developing countries meant his re-election as secretary general would have been virtually guaranteed at the general assembly vote due the following year. [PAR] Bj\u00f6rkdahl works for the Swedish international development agency, Sida, but his investigation was carried out in his own time and his report does not represent the official views of his government. However, his report echoes the scepticism about the official verdict voiced by Swedish members of the commissions of inquiry. [PAR] Bj\u00f6rkdahl concludes that: [PAR] \u2022 Hammarskj\u00f6ld's plane was almost certainly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apartheid government of South Africa and the release of ... Nelson Mandela [PAR] Nelson Mandela [PAR] (Created by Michelle L. Bolden, History 135, July 1998) [PAR] [PAR] Assignment [PAR] [PAR] What combination of policies and events caused the previously nonviolent Nelson Mandela to reverse his position in order to gain multi-racial democracy for South Africa? [PAR] [PAR] Background [PAR] [PAR] Nelson Rohihlahia (stirring up trouble) Mandela was born on 18 July 1918, near Umtata, in the Transkei region of South Africa. His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe. Mandela was trained to become the next chief to rule his tribe, but he was also a determined student and eventually joined an all black college, Fort Hare, where he was expelled for joining a student boycott. He later obtained an arts degree in Johannesburg and studied law at the University of Witwatersrand. [PAR] [PAR] Before apartheid, South Africa had a long history of racial segregation. In 1910 parliamentary membership was limited to whites, and legislation was passed in 1913 to restrict ownership of land by blacks. The African National Congress (ANC) had been formed in 1910 to fight these policies. In 1944, the ANC President Alfred B. Xuma started recruiting younger and more outspoken members like Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela, the first members of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL). [PAR] [PAR] In 1949, the Programme of Action was written by the ANCYL and adopted by the ANC which advocated boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and noncooperation to achieve its goals. Mandela also co-authored the \"ANCYL programme\", which called for full citizenship, direct parliamentary representation, land redistribution, trade union rights, education and cultural equality for all South Africans. This was followed by the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws in 1952, calling for mass disobedience starting with volunteers and involving more and more ordinary people. Mandela traveled the country organizing resistance to discriminatory legislation, often referred to as the \"Black Pimpernal\" by the press because of the disguises he used to avoid police. Mandela was arrested for these actions and convicted of contravening the Suppression of Communism Act. He was given a suspended sentence, prohibited from gatherings and confined to Johannesburg for six months. It was during this confinement that Mandela passed the attorney's admissions examination, and he and his long time friend, Oliver Tambo, opened the country's first black law partnership with the help of Walter Sisulu. [PAR] [PAR] Apartheid had become the official political policy in 1948, which caused membership in the ANC to greatly increase. After the Sharpville massacre in 1960, when police killed 69 and wounded 180 unarmed African pass protesters, Mandela convinced the nonviolent ANC to form a military wing, known as Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), which soon launched a campaign of sabotage against the government. At the same time, the government banned all black political organizations to include the ANC and kept a close watch on Mandela. In 1962, Mandela left the country to train militarily. Upon his return, he was arrested for leaving the country and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and two years later sentenced to life for treason and sabotage in the Rivonia Trial. (It has been alleged by many--though never conclusively proven--that the CIA tipped off the South African government about Mandela being out of the country and that this is how the government knew when and where to arrest him upon his return in 1962. The evidence includes London newspaper reports in The Guardian on 15 August 1986 and The Times on 4 August 1986.) By the end of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing - Telegraph US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing - Telegraph [PAR] World News [PAR] US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing [PAR] Aldo Moro, the former Italian prime minister, who was seized at gunpoint by the Red Brigades in 1978 [PAR] By Malcolm Moore in Rome [PAR] 12:01AM GMT 11 Mar 2008 [PAR] An American envoy has claimed that he played a critical role in the fate of Aldo Moro, the former Italian prime minister who was murdered by terrorists in 1978. [PAR] Steve Pieczenik, an international crisis manager and hostage negotiator in the State Department, said that Moro had been \"sacrificed\" for the \"stability\" of Italy. [PAR] In a new book called We Killed Aldo Moro, Mr Pieczenik said he was sent to Italy by President Jimmy Carter on the day that Moro was kidnapped by the Red Brigades, a far-Left terrorist group. [PAR] Moro, who had been prime minister for a total of more than five years between 1963 and 1976, was snatched at gunpoint from his car in Rome. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Sting nets Moro kidnapper [PAR] 18 Jan 2004 [PAR] He had been heading to parliament for a crucial vote on a ground-breaking alliance he had proposed between the Christian Democrat Party and the Italian Communist Party. [PAR] The alliance enraged both sides of the political spectrum in Italy, and also upset both Moscow and Washington. [PAR] Moro's widow, Eleonora, later said Henry Kissinger had warned her husband against his strategy. \"You will pay dearly for it,\" he is alleged to have said. [PAR] Mr Pieczenik said he was part of a \"crisis committee\" headed by Francesco Cossiga, the interior minister. [PAR] Moro was held for 54 days. Mr Pieczenik said the committee was jolted into action by the fear that Moro would reveal state secrets in an attempt to free himself. [PAR] A false statement, attributed to the Red Brigades, was leaked saying that Moro was dead. [PAR] Mr Pieczenick said that this had a dual purpose; to prepare the Italian public for the worst, and to let the Red Brigades know that the state would not negotiate for Moro, and considered him already dead. [PAR] The following month, Moro was shot and placed in the back of a car in central Rome, midway between the headquarters of the Communist Party and the Christian Democrats. [PAR] In a documentary on French television last weekend, Mr Cossiga admitted the committee had taken the decision to release the false statement.[DOC] [TLE] EuroNews - Interview - The truth about Aldo Moro's murder ... EuroNews - Interview - The truth about Aldo Moro's murder? - YouTube [PAR] EuroNews - Interview - The truth about Aldo Moro's murder? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 10, 2008 [PAR] Thirty years ago this month, the extreme left terrorist group, the Red Brigades murdered former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro who they'd kidnapped and held for nearly two months. Moro was the head of the Christian Democratic Party, which was moving towards a parliamentary coalition with the Italian Communists, a move opposed by some in the far left and which worried western power, particularly the US. Italy's interior minister at the time was Francesco Cossiga, who took a hard"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan [PAR] Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan [PAR] By BILL KELLER, SPECIAL TO THE NEW YORK TIMES [PAR] OSCOW -- The last Soviet soldier came home from Afghanistan this morning, the Soviet Union announced, leaving behind a war that had become a domestic burden and an international embarrassment for Moscow. [PAR] The final Soviet departure came on the day set as a deadline by the Geneva accords last April. It left two heavily armed adversaries, the Kremlin-backed Government of President Najibullah and a fractious but powerful array of Muslim insurgents, backed by the United States and Pakistan, to conclude their civil war on their own. [PAR] Lieut. Gen. Boris V. Gromov, the commander of the Soviet forces in Afghanistan, walked across the steel Friendship Bridge to the border city of Termez, in Uzbekistan, at 11:55 A.M. local time (1:55 A.M., Eastern time), 9 years and 50 days after Soviet troops intervened to support a coup by a Marxist ally. 'Our Stay Ends' [PAR] \"There is not a single Soviet soldier or officer left behind me,\" General Gromov told a Soviet television reporter waiting on the bridge. \"Our nine-year stay ends with this.\" [PAR] Today's final departure is the end of a steady process of withdrawal since last spring, when Moscow says, there were 100,300 Soviet troops in Afghanistan. At the height of the Soviet commitment, according to Western intelligence estimates, there were 115,000 troops deployed. [PAR] This morning, as the last armored troop carriers rumbled home across the border, a Soviet newspaper carried the first report of atrocities committed in the war by the nation's military forces. Massacre and Cover-Up [PAR] The weekly Literaturnaya Gazeta described the killing of a carload of Afghan civilians, including women and children, and the order by a commander to cover it up. [PAR] The article was a foretaste of recriminations expected in the months ahead. [PAR] The war cost the Soviet Union roughly 15,000 lives and undisclosed billions of rubles. It scarred a generation of young people and undermined the cherished image of an invincible Soviet Army. Moscow's involvement in Afghanistan was often compared to the American experience in the Vietnam War, in which more than 58,000 Americans died. [PAR] The Soviet intervention, which received international condemnation, cast a pall over relations with China, the Muslim world and the West. It led to an American trade embargo and a Western boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow. [PAR] Western reporters flown to Termez to witness the finale said the ceremony at the border was one of festive relief at the homecoming. Today, there were no obvious second thoughts expressed about the venture. [PAR] \"The day that millions of Soviet people have waited for has come,\" General Gromov said to an army rally in Termez, Reuters reported. \"In spite of our sacrifices and losses, we have totally fulfilled our internationalist duty.\" Token of Official Esteem [PAR] The official press agency Tass said the Defense Ministry presented all of the returning soldiers with wristwatches. [PAR] Yet in contrast with the joy at leaving Afghanistan, Soviet press reports told of insurgents massing outside Kabul, the Afghan capital, and other major cities, and of Afghan Army regulars deserting in droves. The reports seemed intended to brace the public for the possibility that defeat would follow retreat. [PAR] Vadim Perfilyev, a Soviet Foreign Ministry spokesman, described the situation in Kabul today as \"relatively calm\" but said the guerrillas continued to gather reinforcements around the main cities and along the highway to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Headliners - Ambling Along - NYTimes.com Headliners - Ambling Along - NYTimes.com [PAR] Headliners; Ambling Along [PAR] Published: July 8, 1990 [PAR] Imelda Marcos had the shoes; now she has walked. In a case that began four years ago, Mrs. Marcos, the widow of former Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos, was acquitted by a Federal court jury in Manhattan last week of helping her husband loot $200 million from the Philippine treasury and then investing the proceeds in art, jewelry and prime New York City real estate. Though the charges against her included defrauding American banks, jurors said afterward that they questioned whether Federal prosecutors had the right to charge her with other offenses that she and her husband were said to have committed in the Philippines. When the Marcoses fled to Hawaii in 1986, she was seen as the free-spending wife - thousands of pairs of shoes were found in her Manila palace closets - of a corrupt despot. But after Mr. Marcos died last year, there seemed much less interest in punishing his spouse. Said one juror, ''Just because she was married to him doesn't make her guilty.'' [PAR] Photo: Imelda Marcos (Reuters)[DOC] [TLE] assetrecovery.pdf - DocDroid assetrecovery.pdf - DocDroid [PAR] docdroid [PAR] Intermediate Training Programme on Asset Tracing, Recovery and Repatriation, Jakarta, September 2007 [PAR] [PAR] Efforts to Recover Assets Looted by Ferdinand [PAR] Marcos of the Philippines [PAR] Sample of overview observations made by commentators [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] [PAR] The Marcos family case clearly illustrates how difficult it is for the successor government of a kleptocrat [PAR] regime to regain ownership of stolen assets. [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] [PAR] Having unrestricted access to the assets enables the accused to fend off legal proceedings for decades and to [PAR] deplete the funds by enjoying a lavish lifestyle. The Marcos family (Ferdinand Marcos, who died in 1989, his [PAR] wife Imelda Marcos, who remains alive and contests all claims to this day, and their children) have skillfully [PAR] deployed their assets (allegedly between USD 5 and 10 billion) with the aid of attorneys while still living lives [PAR] of great privilege. [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] [PAR] In the opinion of the Government of the Philippines, it faced a difficult task in recovering the assets on [PAR] account of the highly intricate and secretive nature of the Marcos network of accounts. It was lucky to have [PAR] the so-called Malaca\u00f1ang documents [PAR] to guide it to at least a part of the stolen Marcos assets. The Swiss [PAR] Government decided in principle to block Marcos' assets. It mandated the Swiss Banking Commission (EBK) [PAR] to ask the banks what Marcos assets they were holding. This led to a precise overview of Marcos [PAR] funds/accounts. When the international mutual legal assistance request arrived, the relevant accounts were [PAR] effectively blocked. They could then be compared with the information supplied by the EBK. [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] [PAR] The Philippine Government's efforts were hampered by the fact that the Philippine Presidential Commission [PAR] on Good Government (PCGG), the agency established to recover the Marcos assets, was new to the task and [PAR] could not draw upon established tools and procedures. [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] [PAR] Newly introduced was also the Swiss Federal Act on International Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Act [PAR] on International Criminal Assistance, IMAC): the Swiss lawyers Salvioni, Fontanet and Leuenberger, who had [PAR] been appointed by the PCGG in March 1986, had to apply a new Swiss law, in force as from January 1, 1983, [PAR] with no guidelines, no case law, and no special instructions. It helped in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saddam Hussein | president of Iraq | Britannica.com Saddam Hussein | Biography & Facts | Britannica.com [PAR] Saddam Hussein, also spelled \u1e62add\u0101m \u1e24usayn, in full Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti (born April 28, 1937, Al-\u02bfAwjah, Iraq\u2014died December 30, 2006, Baghdad), president of Iraq (1979\u20132003) whose brutal rule was marked by costly and unsuccessful wars against neighbouring countries. [PAR] Saddam Hussein appearing in a courtroom after his capture, Baghdad, Iraq. [PAR] Karen Ballard/AP [PAR] Early life [PAR] Saddam, the son of peasants, was born in a village near the city of Tikr\u012bt in northern Iraq. The area was one of the poorest in the country, and Saddam himself grew up in poverty. His father died before he was born, and he went at an early age to live with an uncle in Baghdad . [PAR] He joined the Ba\u02bfth Party in 1957. In 1959 he participated in an unsuccessful attempt by Ba\u02bfthists to assassinate the Iraqi prime minister , \u02bfAbd al-Kar\u012bm Q\u0101sim ; Saddam was wounded in the attempt and escaped first to Syria and then to Egypt. He attended Cairo Law School (1962\u201363) and continued his studies at Baghdad Law College after the Ba\u02bfthists took power in Iraq in 1963. The Ba\u02bfthists were overthrown that same year, however, and Saddam spent several years in prison in Iraq. He escaped, becoming a leader of the Ba\u02bfth Party, and was instrumental in the coup that brought the party back to power in 1968. Saddam effectively held power in Iraq along with the head of state , Pres. Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr , and in 1972 he directed the nationalization of Iraq\u2019s oil industry. [PAR] Presidency [PAR] Iraq: Iraq under \u1e62add\u0101m \u1e24ussein [PAR] Saddam began to assert open control of the government in 1979 and became president upon Bakr\u2019s resignation. He then became chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council and prime minister, among other positions. He used an extensive secret-police establishment to suppress any internal opposition to his rule, and he made himself the object of an extensive personality cult among the Iraqi public. His goals as president were to supplant Egypt as leader of the Arab world and to achieve hegemony over the Persian Gulf . [PAR] Saddam launched an invasion of Iran\u2019s oil fields in September 1980, but the campaign bogged down in a war of attrition . The cost of the war and the interruption of Iraq\u2019s oil exports caused Saddam to scale down his ambitious programs for economic development. The Iran-Iraq War dragged on in a stalemate until 1988, when both countries accepted a cease-fire that ended the fighting. Despite the large foreign debt with which Iraq found itself saddled by war\u2019s end, Saddam continued to build up his armed forces. [PAR] Saddam Hussein, 1983. [PAR] EU Considers Rules For Robots [PAR] In August 1990 the Iraqi army overran neighbouring Kuwait . Saddam apparently intended to use that nation\u2019s vast oil revenues to bolster Iraq\u2019s economy, but his occupation of Kuwait quickly triggered a worldwide trade embargo against Iraq. He ignored appeals to withdraw his forces from Kuwait, despite the buildup of a large U.S.-led military force in Saudi Arabia and the passage of United Nations (UN) resolutions condemning the occupation and authorizing the use of force to end it. The Persian Gulf War began on January 16, 1991, and ended six weeks later when the allied military coalition drove Iraq\u2019s armies out of Kuwait. Iraq\u2019s crushing defeat triggered internal rebellions by both Sh\u012b\u02bfites and Kurds , but Saddam suppressed their uprisings, causing thousands to flee to refugee camps along the country\u2019s northern border. Untold thousands more were murdered, many"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History: Sep 21, 1989: Powell Becomes Joint Chiefs' Chairman Powell becomes Joint Chiefs\u2019 chairman - Sep 21, 1989 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Powell becomes Joint Chiefs\u2019 chairman [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Powell becomes Joint Chiefs\u2019 chairman [PAR] Author [PAR] Powell becomes Joint Chiefs\u2019 chairman [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The Senate Armed Forces Committee unanimously confirms President George H. Bush\u2019s nomination of Army General Colin Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Powell was the first African American to achieve the United States\u2019 highest military post. [PAR] Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, New York, to Jamaican immigrant parents. Joining the U.S. Army after college, he served two tours in Vietnam before holding several high-level military posts during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1987 to 1989, he was national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan and in 1989 reached the pinnacle of his profession when he was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by President George Bush. As chairman, General Powell\u2019s greatest achievement was planning the swift U.S. victory over Iraq in 1991\u2019s Persian Gulf War. In 1993, he retired as chairman. [PAR] Two years later, he embarked on a national tour to promote his autobiography, My American Journey, fueling speculation that he was testing the waters for a possible presidential campaign. By the fall of 1995, public enthusiasm over the possibility of his running for president had reached a feverish pitch. Regarded as a moderate Republican, opinion polls showed Powell trailing close behind Republican favorite Bob Dole and favored over Democratic incumbent Bill Clinton. However, in November 1995, he announced that he would not run for president in the next election, citing concerns for his family\u2019s well-being and a lack of passion for the rigors of political life. [PAR] From 1997, he served as chairman of \u201cAmerica\u2019s Promise\u2013The Alliance for Youth,\u201d a national nonprofit organization dedicated to building the character and competence of young people. In December 2000, Powell was appointed the first African American U.S. secretary of state by President-elect George W. Bush. Unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate, he was sworn in on January 20, 2001 and held that position until January 26, 2005. He was succeeded by Condoleezza Rice. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] September 21, 1989 : Powell becomes Joint Chiefs\u2019 chairman September 21, 1989 : Powell becomes Joint Chiefs\u2019 chairman [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Senate Armed Forces Committee unanimously confirms President George H. Bush\u2019s nomination of Army General Colin Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Powell was the first African American to achieve the United States\u2019 highest military post. [PAR] Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, New York, to Jamaican immigrant parents. Joining the U.S. Army after college, he served two tours in Vietnam before holding several high-level military posts during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1987 to 1989, he was national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan and in 1989 reached the pinnacle of his profession when he was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by President George Bush. As chairman, General Powell\u2019s greatest achievement was planning the swift U.S. victory over Iraq in 1991\u2019s Persian Gulf War. In 1993, he retired as chairman. [PAR] Two years later, he embarked on a national tour to promote his autobiography, My American Journey, fueling speculation that he was testing the waters for a possible presidential campaign. By the fall of 1995, public enthusiasm over the possibility of his running for president had reached a feverish pitch. Regarded as a moderate Republican, opinion polls showed Powell trailing close behind Republican favorite Bob"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Bosnia ... The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992-95 [PAR] In the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, conflict between the three main ethnic groups, the Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, resulted in genocide committed by the Serbs against the Muslims in Bosnia. [PAR] Bosnia is one of several small countries that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia, a multicultural country created after World War I by the victorious Western Allies. Yugoslavia was composed of ethnic and religious groups that had been historical rivals, even bitter enemies, including the Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and ethnic Albanians (Muslims). [PAR] Related Maps [PAR] Former Yugoslavia [PAR] Ethnic Groups [PAR] During World War II, Yugoslavia was invaded by Nazi Germany and was partitioned. A fierce resistance movement sprang up led by Josip Tito. Following Germany's defeat, Tito reunified Yugoslavia under the slogan \"Brotherhood and Unity,\" merging together Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, along with two self-governing provinces, Kosovo and Vojvodina. [PAR] Tito, a Communist, was a strong leader who maintained ties with the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War, playing one superpower against the other while obtaining financial assistance and other aid from both. After his death in 1980 and without his strong leadership, Yugoslavia quickly plunged into political and economic chaos. [PAR] A new leader arose by the late 1980s, a Serbian named Slobodan Milosevic, a former Communist who had turned to nationalism and religious hatred to gain power. He began by inflaming long-standing tensions between Serbs and Muslims in the independent provence of Kosovo. Orthodox Christian Serbs in Kosovo were in the minority and claimed they were being mistreated by the Albanian Muslim majority. Serbian-backed political unrest in Kosovo eventually led to its loss of independence and domination by Milosevic. [PAR] In June 1991, Slovenia and Croatia both declared their independence from Yugoslavia soon resulting in civil war. The national army of Yugoslavia, now made up of Serbs controlled by Milosevic, stormed into Slovenia but failed to subdue the separatists there and withdrew after only ten days of fighting. [PAR] Milosevic quickly lost interest in Slovenia, a country with almost no Serbs. Instead, he turned his attention to Croatia, a Catholic country where Orthodox Serbs made up 12 percent of the population. [PAR] During World War II, Croatia had been a pro-Nazi state led by Ante Pavelic and his fascist Ustasha Party. Serbs living in Croatia as well as Jews had been the targets of widespread Ustasha massacres. In the concentration camp at Jasenovac, they had been slaughtered by the tens of thousands. [PAR] In 1991, the new Croat government, led by Franjo Tudjman, seemed to be reviving fascism, even using the old Ustasha flag, and also enacted discriminatory laws targeting Orthodox Serbs. [PAR] Aided by Serbian guerrillas in Croatia, Milosevic's forces invaded in July 1991 to 'protect' the Serbian minority. In the city of Vukovar, they bombarded the outgunned Croats for 86 consecutive days and reduced it to rubble. After Vukovar fell, the Serbs began the first mass executions of the conflict, killing hundreds of Croat men and burying them in mass graves. [PAR] The response of the international community was limited. The U.S. under President George Bush chose not to get involved militarily, but instead recognized the independence of both Slovenia and Croatia. An arms embargo was imposed for all of the former Yugoslavia by the United Nations. However, the Serbs under Milosevic were already the best armed force and thus maintained a big military advantage. [PAR] By the end of 1991,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph Metcalf; admiral led Grenada invasion - The Boston ... Joseph Metcalf; admiral led Grenada invasion - The Boston Globe [PAR] Obituaries [PAR] Joseph Metcalf; admiral led Grenada invasion [PAR] Admiral Joseph Metcalf III, commander of all forces on Grenada, pointing to the Marine positions on the island. (upi file/1983) [PAR] By Matt Schudel, Washington Post | March 12, 2007 [PAR] WASHINGTON -- Joseph Metcalf III, the Navy vice admiral who led the US invasion of the Caribbean nation of Grenada in 1983, which produced lasting lessons for military preparation and media relations, died March 2 at his home after a series of strokes. A native of Holyoke, Mass., he was 79 and had a progressive neurological disorder. [PAR] Admiral Metcalf, described by The [PAR] Washington Post [PAR] as a \"colorful and pugnacious commander,\" was given the assignment to lead the invasion only 39 hours before it was to take place, Oct. 25, 1983. Six days earlier, a Marxist faction had seized control of Grenada's government and executed Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and 15 of his supporters. [PAR] The United States and several Caribbean nations feared that Grenada could take a sudden turn toward violent revolution, fueled by the presence of several hundred Cuban advisers. About 650 Americans attended medical school in Grenada at the time and there was concern for their safety. [PAR] Admiral Metcalf, who was commander of the Atlantic 2d Fleet, led an invasion force of about 6,000 troops from all four branches of the military in the attack, code-named Operation Urgent Fury, which began at 5 a.m. It was the first US combat operation since the Vietnam War. His deputy commander was Army General Norman Schwarzkopf, who commanded the Desert Storm operation in 1990-91. [PAR] Supplemented by about 300 troops from several Caribbean countries, US forces took control of the 133-square-mile island nation within three days and captured the leader of the rebellion, Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, who remains in prison. In the sporadic fighting, 19 Americans and at least 45 Grenadans were killed. All the American medical students were unharmed. [PAR] The anniversary of the invasion he led, Oct. 25, is now celebrated as Grenada's Thanksgiving Day. [PAR] At first, little could be learned about the invasion because Admiral Metcalf enforced a strict media blackout, which ignited a battle over the freedom of the press. Several reporters in a chartered fishing boat were turned back by the threatening maneuvers of US military jets. [PAR] Admiral Metcalf said the orders to restrict the media came from above him. But in 2002, Margaret Belknap, an Army lieutenant colonel and faculty member at the US Military Academy, wrote in Parameters, the US Army War College Quarterly, that \"President [Ronald] Reagan left the decision for media access to the military, and ultimately it rested with . . . Metcalf.\" [PAR] According to Belknap, \"Admiral Metcalf personally ordered shots fired across the bow of the media's vessel, forcing them to return to Barbados.\" [PAR] Considered a successful military engagement on the whole, the Grenada operation did expose communication and coordination problems among the military branches, prompting the Pentagon to streamline its planning of multiforce operations. [PAR] In 1985, Admiral Metcalf landed in more hot water when it was discovered that he and his staff attempted to bring back 24 AK-47 automatic rifles from Grenada as souvenirs. US Customs agents seized the weapons as a violation of federal gun laws and Admiral Metcalf received an official \"caution.\" [PAR] At the same time, seven Marines and soldiers were court-martialed and sentenced to jail for smuggling weapons from Grenada, prompting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mother Teresa, the Saint of the Gutters - About.com Education Mother Teresa - The Saint of the Gutters [PAR] Mother Teresa [PAR] A Biography About Mother Teresa, the Saint of the Gutters [PAR] Keystone / Staff / Hulton Archive / Getty Images [PAR] Updated February 17, 2016. [PAR] Who Was Mother Teresa? [PAR] Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Catholic order of nuns dedicated to helping the poor. Begun in Calcutta, India, the Missionaries of Charity grew to help the poor, the dying, orphans, lepers, and AIDS sufferers in over 100 countries. Mother Teresa's selfless effort to help those in need has caused many to regard her as a model humanitarian. [PAR] Dates: August 26, 1910 -- September 5, 1997 [PAR] Mother Teresa Also Known As: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (birth name), \"the Saint of the Gutters\" [PAR] Overview of Mother Teresa [PAR] Mother Teresa's task was overwhelming. She started out as just one woman, with no money and no supplies, trying to help the millions of poor, starving, and dying that lived on the streets of India. Despite others' misgivings, Mother Teresa was confident that God would provide. [PAR] Birth and Childhood [PAR] Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, now known as Mother Teresa, was the third and final child born to her Albanian Catholic parents, Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu, in the city of Skopje (a predominantly Muslim city in the Balkans). [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] Nikola was a self-made, successful businessman and Dranafile stayed home to take care of the children. [PAR] When Mother Teresa was about eight years old, her father died unexpectedly. The Bojaxhiu family was devastated. After a period of intense grief, Dranafile, suddenly a single mother of three children, sold textiles and hand-made embroidery to bring in some income. [PAR] The Call [PAR] Both before Nikola's death and especially after it, the Bojaxhiu family held tightly to their religious beliefs. The family prayed daily and went on pilgrimages annually. [PAR] When Mother Teresa was 12 years old, she began to feel called to serve God as a nun. Deciding to become a nun was a very difficult decision. Becoming a nun not only meant giving up the chance to marry and have children, it also meant giving up all her worldly possessions and her family, perhaps forever. [PAR] For five years, Mother Teresa thought hard about whether or not to become a nun. During this time, she sang in the church choir, helped her mother organize church events, and went on walks with her mother to hand out food and supplies to the poor. [PAR] When Mother Teresa was 17, she made the difficult decision to become a nun. Having read many articles about the work Catholic missionaries were doing in India, Mother Teresa was determined to go there. Mother Teresa applied to the Loreto order of nuns, based in Ireland but with missions in India. [PAR] In September 1928, 18-year-old Mother Teresa said goodbye to her family to travel to Ireland and then on to India. She never saw her mother or sister again. [PAR] Becoming a Nun [PAR] It took more than two years to become a Loreto nun. After spending six weeks in Ireland learning the history of the Loreto order and to study English, Mother Teresa then traveled to India, where she arrived on January 6, 1929. [PAR] After two years as a novice, Mother Teresa took her first vows as a Loreto nun on May 24, 1931. [PAR] As a new Loreto nun, Mother Teresa (known then only as Sister"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Stella McCartney [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (31) | Personal Quotes (3) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 5\" (1.65 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Stella Nina McCartney was born in London, England in 1971 to ex-Beatle Paul McCartney and famed rocker photographer, Linda McCartney . Stella's birth almost ended in disaster where both mother and child almost died - the traumatic event led her father to pray she be born \"on the wings of an angel\", thus inspiring the name of her parent's band \"Wings\". McCartney admits she had a \"normal\" childhood, despite her famous parents - though she did travel the globe with them and their group, the whole family lived in a two-bedroom while she was growing up. Stella was on her own and independent by the time she was in college, making her own money (and sometimes having to clean dishes at a near-by restaurant to do so.) At age 15 she had the opportunity to work with Christian Lacroix on his first couture collection and in 1995, she graduated from London's Central St Martins College of Art & Design, showcasing at her collection of clothes modeled by good celebrity friends Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss . In 1997, with two collections under her belt, McCartney was appointed chief designer at Paris fashion house Chlo\u00e9, but resigned four years later to enter in a joint venture with the Gucci Group. The line opened three stores and later Stella expanded her brand to include perfume. In 2000, she was presented VH1/Vogue Designer of the Year award by her father. Most recently, McCartney designed a line of clothing and accessories for H&M, helping sales to skyrocket with her designer name and in August of 2003, married publisher Alasdhair Willis. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: ratisfatter@yahoo,com [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 30 August 2003 - present) (4 children) [PAR] Trivia (31) [PAR] Designed Madonna 's wedding dress. [2000] [PAR] For her graduation fashion from St. Martin's, Stella featured a song by her father, \"Stella May Day\", and her clothes were modeled by friends Kate Moss , Yasmin Le Bon and Naomi Campbell . [PAR] Is an active member of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals [PETA]. [PAR] She is the daughter of former Beatle Paul McCartney and the late Linda McCartney . [PAR] Was the head designer for Chlo\u00e9. [PAR] Studied at Central St. Martin's College of Art and Design. [PAR] Her traumatic birth compelled her famous father to pray that she be born \"on the wings of an angel\". This quote inspired Paul to name his upcoming band - \"Wings\". [PAR] Married publisher boyfriend Alasdhair Willis in Scotland on August 30, 2003. [PAR] Younger half-sister of pottery designer Heather McCartney [PAR] Designs for her own label, under the umbrella of Gucci Group. [PAR] Older half-sister of Beatrice Milly McCartney [PAR] Former stepdaughter of Heather Mills . [PAR] Is a vegetarian, like her parents. [PAR] Has four children with her husband Alasdhair Willis. son, Miller Alasdhair James Willis, born on February 25, 2005, weighing 7lbs 7ozs, daughter, Bailey Linda Olwyn, born on December 8, 2006, weighing, 7lbs 14oz, son, Beckett Robert Lee, born on January 8, 2009 and daughter Reily Dilys Stella, born on November 23, 2010, weighing 8 lbs. [PAR] Launched a range of affordable clothing with H&M in 2005, following in the footsteps of Karl Lagerfeld - for the second time, as he was head designer of Chloe before she took"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Rod Stewart [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 82 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (38) | Personal Quotes (34) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Rod Stewart was born on January 10, 1945 in Highgate, London, England as Roderick David Stewart. He has been married to Penny Lancaster since June 16, 2007. They have two children. He was previously married to Rachel Hunter and Alana Stewart . [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] ( 6 April 1979 - 1984) (divorced) (2 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (2) [PAR] Fifth child of Robert and Elsie Stewart. [PAR] His brothers and sisters are Mary, Peggy, Don and Bob. [PAR] Has eight children: Sarah Thubron Streeter (born 1964) born to art student Susannah Boffey; Kimberly Stewart (born 21 August 1979) and Sean Stewart (born 1 September 1980) born to Alana Stewart (ex-wife of actor George Hamilton ; Ruby Stewart (born 17 June 1987), born to Kelly Emberg , his girlfriend at the time; Renee Stewart (born 1 June 1992), Liam McAlister Stewart (born 4 September 1994), born to ex-wife Rachel Hunter , a model, Alistair Wallace Stewart (born 27 November 2005) and Aiden Stewart (born 16 February 2011), born to wife Penny Lancaster . [PAR] Contrary to popular belief, he was never a professional soccer player with Brentford Football Club before becoming a musician, this was one of many stories invented by his publicist when Rod was starting to hit the big time. Rod was successfully sued by Brazilian singer Jorge Ben Jor who claimed the tune to Rod's \"Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?\" was too similar to his song \"Taj Mahal\". Ben won the lawsuit and asked Rod to donate all his profits from the song to UNICEF. [PAR] His daughter, Kimberly Stewart , designs shoes. [PAR] Lead singer for the 1970s rock group The Faces . [PAR] Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. [PAR] Gave his friend Elton John the nickname \"Sharon\". [PAR] Covered Elton John 's hit song \"Your Song\". [PAR] Although he was born in England and has English blood on his mother's side, he has Scottish blood on his father's side and prefers to be considered a Scotsman. [PAR] In 1998, he bought the Victorian mansion Stargroves in Hampshire, which had previously belonged to Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones . [PAR] He put on the first concert at SkyDome in Toronto, Canada in 1989. [PAR] Voted the sexiest male spectacles wearer in a 2004 poll by Specsavers opticians. [PAR] (March 9, 2005) Proposed to girlfriend Penny Lancaster at the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. They married according to their plan, on board his yacht \"Lady Anne MaGee\" in the Portofino harbor, Italy, after his divorce from Rachel Hunter was finalized. [PAR] Contray to rumor, he did not play the harmonica on Millie Small 's 1964 #2 hit \"My Boy Lollipop\", her credited as Millie. [PAR] Underwent successful surgery for thyroid cancer in July 2000, and announced he was completely recovered in January 2001. [PAR] In an early stage of The Kinks , before future frontman Ray Davies was willing to be the lead singer, they recruited Stewart (who grew up in the same neighborhood as the Davies brothers) as a singer. After a couple of weeks of trying to be a band, Stewart and the future Kinks found that they did not get along that well, with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The World Chess Champion American - Business Insider The World Chess Champion American - Business Insider [PAR] Bobby Fischer, the last US World Chess Champion. Da Nes via flickr [PAR] It's been a very long drought for Americans when it comes to the World Chess Championship. The last American to win was, famously, Bobby Fischer in 1972. Fischer defeated Boris Spassky in Iceland, but never defended his title. [PAR] It was of course a long drought before 1972: in the modern era, post-1900, there had never been a World Chess Champion from the United States, prior to Fischer, and the only players who even had a shot after him were Robert Byrne and Gata Kamsky. [PAR] Norways's Magnus Carlsen, the current WCC, is actually the first player from the West since Fischer to claim the title. [PAR] On Friday in Moscow, the next World Championship cycle began, with the 2016 Candidates Tournament. Eight Grandmasters will compete to face Carlsen in New York in November . And for the first time ever, two Americans are in the field, both with excellent chances to win. [PAR] Fabiano Caruana, 23, is the number three player in the world by ranking. Hikaru Nakamura, 28, is number six. [PAR] As it turns out, the players faced each other in Round 1 of the Candidates; Naka had the white pieces, Fabby had the black, and they played to a draw, splitting a point. [PAR] The remainder of the field consists of only three other players in the current world top ten, as ranked by FIDE, chess's governing body: Anish Giri of the Netherlands, Levon Aronian of Armenia, and Veselin Topalov of Bulgaria. The Candidates lineup isn't selected based on ratings, but rather on competitive criteria derived from a variety of different tournaments and tournament cycles. Viswanathan Anand, for example, is in because he won the last Candidates and met Carlsen for the WCC match, ultimately losing for the second straight time. [PAR] That said, Anand, the world number 12, seems to save his best for the Candidates: he notched a win in the first round with white against Topalov (who was the World Champ in 2005). [PAR] World 13 Sergey Karjakin and wildcard Peter Svidler, world number 16, both from Russia, round out the field. [PAR] GM Hikaru Nakamura. US Chess Championship [PAR] But all eyes will be on the Americans, for obvious reasons: Carlsen is the most captivating World Champion since Fischer, a global celebrity; the WCC is coming to New York; and while Anand was a great World Champion, five times, and spurred a chess boom in India, a Carlsen vs. Nakamura or Caruana would be a spectacle and boost chess to a level of excitement it hasn't seen since the Fischer boom. [PAR] Of the two, Nakamura has on paper the better chances, given that his form has been solid for several years . He won a big tournament in Zurich recently. But he a dismal record against Carlsen, no wins and 12 losses (18 draws). He has had Carlsen on the ropes a few times and still lost in demoralizing fashion. [PAR] GM Fabiano Caruana. Alina L'Ami [PAR] Caruana's recent play, after an astonishing 2014, has been iffy. However, he is ranked higher than Nakamura (although his rating, 2794, is only slightly better than Naka's 2790). And he switched his affiliation from Italy to the US only last year . That said, he's beaten Carlsen more than he's lost to the World Champion, 5 wins against 8 losses and 10 draws. [PAR] Carlsen himself said that he thinks Caruana has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Early History of Rickenbacker Early History of Rickenbacker [PAR] [PAR] The Earliest Days of the Electric Guitar [PAR] The Rickenbacker International Corporation (RIC) grew out of the first company founded for the sole purpose of creating and manufacturing fully electric musical instruments and amplifiers-the Los Angeles-based Electro String Instrument Corporation. Founded in 1931 by Adolph Rickenbacker and George D. Beauchamp, this pioneering firm produced \"Rickenbacker Electro Instruments\", the first modern electric guitars. RIC's history now spans 86 years in business on the leading edge of music trends that have changed popular culture forever. Played by Hawaiian musicians of the 1930s to jazz bassists of the 1990s, by the Beatles and Byrds to the most-current rock groups on MTV, the ringing sound of Rickenbacker instruments has helped define music as we know it. Never resting on its laurels, RIC continues to ignite and propel the electric guitar's transformation of music by providing today's musicians with the finest instruments available. [PAR] It all began in 1920s Los Angeles, a city fast becoming the entertainment capital of the world. Like many of his contemporaries, steel player George Beauchamp (pronounced Beechum) sought a louder, improved guitar. Several inventors had already tried to build louder stringed instruments by adding megaphone-like amplifying horns to them. Beauchamp saw one of these and went looking for someone to build him one, too. His search led to John Dopyera, a violin repairman with a shop fairly close to Beauchamp's L.A. home. [PAR] Dopyera and his brother Rudy's first attempt for George sat on a stand; a Victrola horn attached to the bottom and pointed towards the audience. It was a failure, so the Dopyeras then started experiments with thin, cone-like aluminum resonators attached to a guitar bridge and placed inside a metal body. A successful prototype (soon dubbed \"the tri-cone\") used three of these resonators. Beauchamp, so pleased with the results, suggested forming a manufacturing company with the Dopyeras, who had already started making more guitars in their shop. Setting out to find investors, he took the tri-cone prototype and the Sol Hoopii Trio (a world-famous Hawaiian group) to a lavish party held by his millionaire cousin-in-law, Ted Kleinmeyer. He was so excited about the guitar and the prospects for a new company that he gave Beauchamp a check for $12,000 that night. [PAR] Substantial production of the metal-body guitars began almost immediately. Beauchamp, acting as general manager, hired some of the most experienced and competent craftsmen available, including several members of his own family and the Dopyeras. He purchased equipment and located the new factory near Adolph Rickenbacker's tool and die shop. Rickenbacker (known to his friends as Rick) was a highly skilled production engineer with experience in a wide variety of manufacturing techniques. Swiss-born, he was also a relative of WWI flying ace Eddie Rickenbacker. Well equipped to manufacture metal bodies for the Nationals, Adolph owned one of the largest deep-drawing presses on the West Coast and soon carried the title of engineer in the National Company. [PAR] Unfortunately, the seeds for an internal dispute within National were planted in the very beginning. By late 1928 the Dopyeras became very disgruntled with the management of company and resources. John Dopyera, who rightfully considered himself an inventor, ironically thought that Beauchamp wasted time experimenting with new ideas. Dopyera and Beauchamp lived in two different worlds and apparently were at odds on every level of personal, business and social interaction. That they could not work together successfully was a foregone conclusion. Another problem was Ted Kleinmeyer, who had inherited a million dollars at 21 and was trying"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Watergate - Sam Ervin Watergate [PAR] Watergate [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. Library and Museum \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] \"My colleagues on the Committee are determined to uncover all the relevant facts surrounding these matters, and to spare no one, whatever his station in life may be. [PAR] . . .The nation and history itself are watching us. We cannot fail our mission.\" [PAR] Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. [PAR] Senator Sam was elected to Congress in 1954 where he had a most distinguished career. At the age of 76, he was thrust into the national spotlight when he was named as the Chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee. [PAR] Throughout this televised process, his devotion to and knowledge of the Constitution, his dogged determination to get to the truth and his down-home demeanor laced with bits of wisdom made Senator Sam a household name and one of the most memorable political figures of our time. [PAR] As then Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield stated, \"Sam is the only man we could have selected on either side who would have the respect of the Senate as a whole.\" [PAR] \"Sam is the only man we could have selected on either side who would have the respect of the Senate as a whole.\" [PAR] Mike Mansfield,[DOC] [TLE] AllPolitics - A Watergate Glossary - June 12, 1997 AllPolitics - A Watergate Glossary - June 12, 1997 [PAR] A Watergate Glossary [PAR] The names, dates and quotations that defined a scandal [PAR] WASHINGTON (AllPolitics, June 11) -- Even a quarter century later, many of the people, sights, sounds and quotes from the Watergate affair remain enduring icons in American political lore. [PAR] They evoke memories of a scandal that grew and grew until Aug. 9, 1974, when a disgraced Richard Nixon said goodbye to the White House staff and lifted off in a helicopter on his way to political exile in California. [PAR] Here are some of the names and comments from Watergate that live on today: [PAR] Spiro Agnew -- Nixon's vice president stepped down in a tawdry kickback scandal in October 1973. He pled no contest to income tax evasion and resigned. Agnew felt that Nixon threw him overboard in an attempt to mollify critics. He died in 1996. [PAR] Howard Baker -- Tennessee Republican who helped chair the Senate Watergate Committee and who asked: \"What did the president know and when did he know it?\" [PAR] Bernard L. Barker, Virgilio R. Gonzalez, Eugenio R. Martinez, James W. McCord Jr., Frank A. Sturgis -- The five Watergate burglars [PAR] Carl Bernstein -- One of the Washington Post reporters who broke many of the stories as the scandal grew [PAR] Robert Bork -- The solicitor general who eventually dismissed Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox in \"The Saturday Night Massacre.\" He was rejected by the Senate for a Supreme Court appointment in the 1980s. [PAR] Alexander Butterfield -- The former White House aide who disclosed the existence of the president's secret taping system [PAR] \"A cancer growing on the presidency\" -- White House counsel John Dean's warning to Nixon about Watergate [PAR] Class of '74 -- The name for reform-minded Democrats who swept into Congress in the 1974 mid-term elections [PAR] William Cohen -- One of six Republican members of the House Judiciary Committee who voted to begin impeachment proceedings against Richard Nixon. He became Secretary of Defense under Democratic President Bill Clinton in 1997. [PAR] Charles Colson -- Special counsel to the president who set up the White House \"plumbers\" unit. He served 207 days for obstruction of justice and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Commentary: Pittsburgh Rock Hall of Fame has to dig deeper ... Commentary: Pittsburgh Rock Hall of Fame has to dig deeper for its inductees | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette [PAR] Commentary: Pittsburgh Rock Hall of Fame has to dig deeper for its inductees [PAR] January 18, 2014 9:05 PM [PAR] Scott Mervis/Post-Gazette [PAR] Jimmy Beaumont, left, and Porky Chedwick in September 2012. [PAR] Concert promoter Pat DiCesare, who was in competition with Dick Clark's Caravan of Stars, brought The Beatles to Pittsburgh in 1964. [PAR] By Scott Mervis / Pittsburgh Post-Gazette [PAR] Rich Engler is a great guy and one of the true legends of Pittsburgh rock 'n' roll. [PAR] Our music scene, our music life, our memories would not be the same without the concert promoter, who took a lot of chances and brought thousands of great shows to our city over the span of 30 years. [PAR] There is absolutely no question that he should go into the Pittsburgh Rock 'N Roll Hall of Fame. [PAR] Just not first. [PAR] On Thursday, he will be the initial inductee into this symbolic hall created by the Hard Rock Cafe and the Cancer Caring Center. Inductees will be honored each year with a plaque mounted at the Hard Rock. [PAR] Mr. Engler, who in addition to being a promoter was the drummer for '60s band the Grains of Sand, will be celebrated with an all-star show featuring Donnie Iris, B.E. Taylor, Joe Grushecky, Scott Blasey and more. [PAR] On hand will be the actual president and CEO of the national Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Joel Peresman. It's a testament to DiCesare-Engler Productions that Mt. Lebanon native Mr. Peresman got his start there as an go-fer. [PAR] The chairs of the Pittsburgh rock hall are Mary Ann Miller and Theresa Kaufman, who both work in the public relations business. They conceived of the hall as a way to honor Pittsburgh music legends while raising money for the Cancer Caring Center, clearly a noble cause. [PAR] They are working on \"a blue ribbon committee\" to make decisions for the hall in the future. [PAR] Ms. Miller says that for now Mr. Engler was chosen because he is \"where music came from in our lives -- his name was on everybody's list.\" [PAR] As longtime Pittsburghers know, it didn't start here with Rich Engler. [PAR] A legit Pittsburgh Rock 'N Roll Hall of Fame should begin with Porky Chedwick, who started playing \"race\" records here in 1948, even before Alan Freed, who is credited with popularizing the phrase \"rock 'n' roll.\" It was the Daddio of the Raddio who launched rock 'n' roll in Pittsburgh, played the forbidden black artists, broke records nationally and literally drove our teenagers wild in the streets (Stanley Theatre 1953). [PAR] He's still very much alive at 95, God bless him. [PAR] From there, you have to go to Jimmy Beaumont. And Joe Rock. Mr. Beaumont was and is the golden-voiced lead singer of the Skyliners, who went to No. 12 on the charts in 1959 with \"Since I Don't Have You.\" It was the first major Pittsburgh hit of the rock era. (You have heard the Guns 'N Roses version). [PAR] It was written by late Skyliners manager and producer Joe Rock, who also managed the Jaggerz (No. 2 in 1970 with \"The Rapper\") and the Granati Brothers. He would have been the logical co-inductee with Mr. Beaumont. [PAR] There were other brilliant choices from the doo-wop era, including the Marcels (\"Blue Moon\"), Del-Vikings (\"Come and Go With Me\") and Lou Christie (\"The Gypsy Cried\")."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The execution of Gary Gilmore - Jan 17, 1977 - HISTORY.com The execution of Gary Gilmore - Jan 17, 1977 - HISTORY.com [PAR] The execution of Gary Gilmore [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The execution of Gary Gilmore [PAR] Author [PAR] The execution of Gary Gilmore [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Gary Gilmore, convicted in the double murder of an elderly couple, is shot to death by a firing squad in Utah, becoming the first person to be executed in the United States since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. [PAR] In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, in violation of the eighth Amendment to the Constitution, the death penalty qualified as \u201ccruel and unusual punishment,\u201d primarily because states used capital punishment in \u201carbitrary and capricious ways,\u201d especially in regard to race. However, in 1976, with 66 percent of Americans supporting the death penalty, the court ended the constitutional ban on capital punishment, provided that states create specific guidelines for imposing death sentences. In 1977, Gary Gilmore, a career criminal who had murdered the elderly couple because they would not lend him their car, was the first person to be executed since the end of the ban. Defiantly facing a firing squad, Gilmore\u2019s last words to his executioners before they shot him through the heart were \u201cLet\u2019s do it.\u201d [PAR] Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! [PAR] Get This Day In History every morning in your inbox!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ivana Trump Biography - Fandango Ivana Trump Biography | Fandango [PAR] Ivana Trump Biography [PAR] Filmography [PAR] Biography [PAR] Socialite Ivana Trump initially gained national recognition as the first wife of billionaire Donald Trump , to whom she was wed from 1977 to 1992. Born Ivana Marie Zelnickova in 1949, she grew up in Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia, just south of Prague, and established herself as a champion skier at an early age. After earning her masters in the dual arenas of physical education and languages, Ivana spent a number of years professionally coaching ski racers with then-paramour George Syrovatka in Montr\u00e9al, Canada, then shifted gears and moved into modeling for the Audrey Morris agency during the 1970s -- a line of work that inadvertently brought her to New York City and introduced her to Donald Trump in 1976. The two married within a year and had three children: Ivanka Trump , Donald Trump Jr., and Eric Trump. [PAR] As Mrs. Trump, Ivana worked for many years as vice president of interior design for the Trump Organization. Following their much-publicized and ballyhooed divorce (an event that occupied an inordinate number of tabloid pages and headlines), she established two of her own companies, Ivana, Inc. and Ivana Haute Couture; graced numerous print advertisements for a plethora of brands; and significantly (like her ex-husband) moved into work as on-camera talent, as the subject of her own Lifetime network biography special, Intimate Portrait: Ivana Trump (2001) and the host of her own reality television special, Ivana Young Man on the Oxygen Channel. The program traveled behind the scenes to witness Trump guiding an affluent young socialite into marriage with the proper suitor. [PAR] \u2014 Nathan Southern, Rovi"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cabaret Undressed! The Real-Life Stories Behind the Gritty ... Cabaret Undressed! The Real-Life Stories Behind the Gritty, Glittering Broadway Hit | Broadway Buzz | Broadway.com [PAR] Cabaret Undressed! The Real-Life Stories Behind the Gritty, Glittering Broadway Hit [PAR] Features By Gemma Wilson April 23, 2014 - 7:05PM [PAR] Joel Grey in 'Cabaret' & Alan Cumming in 'Cabaret' [PAR] About the Show [PAR] Videos [PAR] Did you know Liza Minnelli auditioned for Sally Bowles in the Broadway production of 'Cabaret' and didn't get the part? [PAR] Willkommen back to Broadway, Cabaret ! The classic Kander and Ebb musical has arrived for a return engagement on the Great White Way, with Alan Cumming reprising his Tony-winning performance as the Emcee alongside Oscar nominee Michelle Williams , who is making her Broadway debut as British cabaret singer Sally Bowles. In the iconic tale set in 1930s Berlin, the Emcee holds court over the seedy Kit Kat Klub, where Sally strikes up a relationship with an American writer, Cliff. Cabaret opens at Studio 54 on April 24, but a classic isn't born overnight! Read on for a look at what has long made Cabaret such a crowd-pleasing, game-changing favorite. [PAR] Welcome to Berlin [PAR] The Weimar Republic, which flourished between Germany's defeat at the end of World War I and Hitler's rise to power in 1933, was a vibrant cultural period famous for its music, film, art and philosophy, as well as its tolerance of decadent behavior (including prostitution and homosexuality). 1920s Berlin was the center of Weimar culture, but when the Nazi Party began rising to power, this liberal mecca started crumbling as artists and intellectuals fled to safer shores. [PAR] Capturing a Culture [PAR] Writer Christopher Isherwood compiled his experiences living in Weimar Berlin into a semi-autobiographical collection of stories, Goodbye to Berlin, in 1939. The character of Sally Bowles was based on German nightclub singer Jean Ross\u2014her name was borrowed from composer Paul Bowles. British playwright John Van Druten adapted Isherwood's work into the 1951 Broadway play I Am a Camera, which was panned by the critics (Walter Kerr of The New York Times famously said, \"Me no Leica\"), but won actress Julie Harris the first of five Tony Awards for playing Sally. [PAR] Broadway Tug-of-War [PAR] After his musical The Boy Friend became a big hit in the West End and on Broadway in the mid-'50s, composer/lyricist Sandy Wilson adapted I Am A Camera into a musical, only to find that the rights had been scooped up by producer Harold Prince. Prince commissioned Joe Masteroff to write the musical's book, but the pair agreed that Wilson's take on the material didn't feel authentic to 1920s Berlin. Instead, they enlisted John Kander and Fred Ebb to write the score, and Wilson got the boot. [PAR] The Evolution of the Emcee [PAR] When it came to creating the world of Cabaret, director Hal Prince recalled his own time in Germany as a young man in the army\u2014specifically a Stuttgart nightclub called Maxim's. \"There was a dwarf MC, hair parted in the middle and lacquered down with brilliantine, his mouth made into a bright red cupid's bow, who wore heavy false eyelashes,\" Prince explained in The Making of Cabaret . Joel Grey, who created the role of the Emcee on Broadway, came up with the white-faced, pink-cheeked look that defined the role for decades. \"I found this greasepaint called 'Juvenile Pink,' and I thought to myself, 'This creep, he would want to look young, and this is what he would use,'\" Grey recalled. [PAR] Redefining Broadway [PAR] When Cabaret opened in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ... Naomi Campbell facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Naomi Campbell [PAR] Sources [PAR] With looks that some have described as exotic\u2014her grandmother was a Chinese native of Jamaica\u2014Naomi Campbell has become a familiar figure on the covers of leading American and European fashion publications. She has appeared in Cosmopolitan, Vogue, and Elle, and was the first black woman ever to appear on the cover of the French edition of Vogue. Not content with modeling alone, Campbell has broadened her career to include singing, acting, and a variety of business ventures. [PAR] Campbell was born on May 20, 1970, in Streatham, London, England . Her father, a Jamaican immigrant who was part Chinese, left the family before she was born. Her mother, Valerie Campbell, was born in Jamaica but grew up in London. A modern ballet dancer, Valerie spent much time traveling throughout Europe with her dance troupe, so a nanny was hired to help raise Naomi and her brother. Like her mother, Campbell was also interested in ballet. At age ten, Campbell was accepted to London\u2019s prestigious Italia Conti Stage School to study ballet. She also attended the London Academy of Performing Arts. During this time, Campbell landed bit parts in two films: Quest for Fire (1981) and Pink Floyd\u2019s The Wall (1982). [PAR] Discovered in Shopping Arcade [PAR] When she was 15, an agent discovered Campbell in a shopping arcade at Covent Gardens, which Campbell frequented after school. Campbell described the encounter to George Wayne in Interview: \u201cI was just hanging out, and this woman comes up to me and says, \u2019I\u2019m a modeling agent.\u2019 I didn\u2019t believe her, but I took her card home and gave it to my mother. And then I saw an interview of her in Tatler, so I knew she was legitimate. After that I started pleading with my mother to let me go see her. At the end of the school year, I did. She took a picture of me in my school uniform \u2026. then she sent me to a photographer who was working on an assignment for British Elle in New Orleans , and he booked me.\u201d [PAR] Signed to the Elite Modeling Agency, Campbell was soon working with some of the biggest names in the fashion industry, including Isaac Mizrahi, Calvin Klein, and Azzedine Alaia. She described in Interview some of her favorite fashion photographers: \u201cI like working with Herb Ritts, and I do very much like working with [Francesco] Scavullo. He makes me feel like a woman. Herb makes you feel very innocent. Steven [Meisel] makes you feel like a character. When you work with him he\u2019ll give you [PAR] At a Glance\u2026 [PAR] Born on May 22, 1970, in London, England; daughter of Valerie Campbell (a ballet dancer). Education: Attended London Academy of Performing Arts, c. 1985. [PAR] Career: Model, 1986-; appeared on London stage in The King and /; film appearances: Quest for Fire, 1982; The Wall 1982; Cool as Ice, 1991; The Night We Never Met, 1993; Miami Rhapsody, 1995; Girl 6, 1996; Invasion of Privacy, 1996; Trippin\u2019, 1999; Prisoner of Love, 1999; Destinazione Verna, 2000; television guest appearances: The Cosby Show, 1988; The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, 1990; albums: love and Tears, 1994; Babywoman, 1995; author (with ghostwriter), Swan, 1994; co-owner, The Fashion Caf\u00e9, beginning 1995. [PAR] Addresses: Agent \u2014International Creative Management, 8942 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills, CA 90211. [PAR] postcards and books to look at and study. He makes me look different in every picture.\u201d [PAR] Earning more than $1 million a year,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Italian Fashion Designers - Our Top Six Selection Italian Fashion Designers - Our Top Six Selection [PAR] Italian Fashion Designers [PAR] When compiling a list of top Italian fashion designers, we stopped counting when we reached 60. Here are our picks for the most recognized names in the field today, in alphabetical order: [PAR] 1. Armani [PAR] Legendary Italian fashion designer Giorgio Armani was born on 11 July 1934 in Piacenza. His career began as an assistant designer for Nino Cerruti, but he left in 1970 to work as a freelancer. With a partner, Sergio Galeotti, he established the Armani label four years later. [PAR] In the 1980s Armani began designing for numerous Hollywood names, which catapulted him to international fame. In 2001, Forbes named him the most successful Italian fashion designer and estimated his net worth at $1.7 billion. Armani was the first designer to ban models with a body mass index (BMI) under 18. He has designed uniforms for various sporting events and has recently opened a restaurant in New York City. [PAR] 2. Dolce & Gabbana [PAR] Domenico Dolce, born in 1958, near Palermo, Sicily, and Stefano Gabbana, born in 1962 in Milan, began as a couple, but separated in 2005. Unlike others in a similar situation, they were able to continue their business partnership and achieve outstanding success with their sleek and stylish clothing designs. [PAR] They have utilized their celebrity connections to great effect at their runway shows but have been dogged by legal wrangles, including a 2009 tax evasion charge. By 1997, their annual turnover was \u00a3400 million, and it topped \u00a3597 by 2005, making them one of the most financially successful Italian fashion designers. [PAR] 3. Ferr\u00e9 [PAR] Born in Legnano on 15 August 1944, Gianfranco Ferr\u00e9 originally graduated as an architect in 1969 but began designing accessories a year later. He started his own company in 1974 and launched his first women's collection in 1978, followed by his first men's collection in 1982, and his first couture collection in 1986. Ferr\u00e9 became Stylistic Director of Christian Dior in Paris from 1989 to 1997. [PAR] Sophisticated white shirts have become the symbol of his personal signature in fashion design. His label offers several lines of men's wear, plus an underwear line, a sports line and a range of fragrances. His range of licensed products now includes shoes, stationery, luggage, home furnishings, perfumes and timepieces. Ferr\u00e9 won a number of prestigious awards during his career, including the L'Occhio d'Oro for Best Italian Fashion Designer six times. 70% of Ferr\u00e9 sales are achieved in export, with the US being the biggest market. Ferr\u00e9 distributes in exclusive boutiques worldwide. [PAR] Ferr\u00e9 died on June 17, 2007. On June 25 of 2008 the company entered into a worldwide joint venture with Dubai-based GIO Developments. The first project will be erected in Dubai. GIO Developments will oversee the real estate, construction, management and operations aspects of the projects, while Gianfranco Ferr\u00e9 will oversee content, design and style. [PAR] 4. Prada [PAR] Prada was founded by Mario Prada as a leather goods shop in Milan, Italy. After his death in the mid-1950s, Mario's daughter-in-law ran the company for almost twenty years, succeeded by her daughter, Miuccia Prada, in 1970. [PAR] Miuccia, born Maria Bianchi on 10 May 1949, had a Ph.D. in Political Science but with her husband, Patrizio Bertelli, set about expanding Prada's product line. In 1979 she released a set of backpacks and totes, followed by a nylon tote. A shoe line was released in 1984, the classic Prada handbag in 1985, and a women's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Music: Death of Gershwin - TIME Music: Death of Gershwin - TIME [PAR] Music: Death of Gershwin [PAR] Google+ [PAR] When Composer George Gershwin crumpled in Hollywood last fortnight, doctors called it overwork. Last week, when he collapsed again they found a cystic tumor growing fast in his brain. Doctors at Hollywood's Cedars of Lebanon Hospital sent a hurry call to Dr. Walter Edward Dandy, great brain surgeon at Johns Hopkins. Gershwin sank so fast they had to operate before Dandy could get there. Next morning at 10:35 a. m., while his brother Ira watched over him, George Gershwin died. Serious musicians joined pluggers and crooners to mourn the 38-year-old composer who... [PAR] To continue reading:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000 The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000 [PAR] Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates [PAR] Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901-2000 [PAR] by Geir Lundestad * [PAR] Secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, 1990 - [PAR] Introduction [PAR] This article is intended to serve as a basic survey of the history of the Nobel Peace Prize during its first 100 years. Since all the 107 Laureates selected from 1901 to 2000 are to be mentioned, the emphasis will be on facts and names. At the same time, however, I shall try to deal with two central questions about the Nobel Peace Prize. First, why does the Peace Prize have the prestige it actually has? Second, what explains the nature of the historical record the Norwegian Nobel Committee has established over these 100 years? [PAR] There are more than 300 peace prizes in the world. None is in any way as well known and as highly respected as the Nobel Peace Prize. The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History, to cite just one example, states that the Nobel Peace Prize is \"The world's most prestigious prize awarded for the 'preservation of peace'.\" Personally, I think there are many reasons for this prestige: the long history of the Peace Prize; the fact that it belongs to a family of prizes, i.e. the Nobel family, where all the family members benefit from the relationship; the growing political independence of the Norwegian Nobel Committee; the monetary value of the prize, particularly in the early and in the most recent years of its history. In this context, however, I am going to concentrate on the historical record of the Nobel Peace Prize. In my opinion, the prize would never have enjoyed the kind of position it has today had it not been for the decent, even highly respectable, record the Norwegian Nobel Committee has established in its selections over these 100 years. One important element of this record has been the committee's broad definition of peace, enough to take in virtually any relevant field of peace work. [PAR] On the second point, the selections of the Norwegian Nobel Committee reflected the insights primarily of the committee members and secondarily of its secretaries and advisors. [PAR] But, on a deeper level, they also generally reflected Norwegian definitions of the broader, Western values of an idealist, the often slightly left-of-center kind, but rarely so far left that the choices were not acceptable to Western liberal-internationalist opinion in general. The Norwegian government did not determine the choices of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, but these choices reflected the same mixture of idealism and realism that characterized Norwegian, and Scandinavian, foreign policy in general. As we shall see, some of the most controversial choices occurred when the Norwegian Nobel Committee suddenly awarded prizes to rather hard-line realist politicians. [PAR] Nobel's Will and the Peace Prize [PAR] When Alfred Nobel died on December 10, 1896, it was discovered that he had left a will, dated November 27, 1895, according to which most of his vast wealth was to be used for five prizes, including one for peace. The prize for peace was to be awarded to the person who \"shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding of peace congresses.\" The prize was to be awarded \"by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting.\" [PAR] Nobel left no explanation as to why the prize for peace was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of The Game Of Golf Including it's origins History of The Game Of Golf Including it's origins [PAR] [PAR] 'Francis Ouimet and the 1913 U.S. Open:' [PAR] 'The 1913 U.S. Open Championship was played at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts, one of the earliest American golf courses. Harry Vardon had come back to the U.S. again and entered the Open, expected by many to win. His primary competition was expected to come from friend and fellow Brit Ted Ray. No one saw Francis Ouimet coming.' [PAR] 'Ouimet was a 20-year-old amateur and former caddy from Brookline when he entered the U.S. Open in 1913. Tied with the two British stars after the first three rounds of the tournament, Ouimet managed two birdies in his final six holes to finish tied for the lead at the end of the four rounds. A playoff was required, and Ouimet, much to the shock and delight of the crowd, ended the playoff round with a one-over-par 72, beating out Vardon and Ray. Ouimet's victory became national news, catapulting golf into even greater popularity. Ouimet would go on to win two Amateur Championships and a French Amateur Championship. He would also appear on the American team in the newly-created Walker Cup in 1922, a tournament between American and British teams played every other year. Ouimet would play on every Walker Cup team from 1922 to 1949, captaining the squad between 1936 and 1949. In 1951, he was named captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews in Scotland, the first non-British person awarded that high honor.' [PAR] 'The Amateur Game:' [PAR] 'Both in Britain and the U.S., amateur golf was as highly regarded and popular in the 1800s and into the 1900s as professional golf. The Amateur Championships of Britain and America were extremely well attended and well thought-of events. In Britain, early amateur domination came in the form of John Ball, who won the British Amateur Championship eight times, three more than any other player has ever won. Interestingly, Ball never won twice in a row - all his victories came at least a year apart from each other. Ball also became the first to win both an Amateur and Open Championship, one of only three in history who have done so. Harold Hilton, another top amateur of the time, was the first to win both championships, winning two Opens and four Amateurs. He also became the first British player to win both the British and U.S. Amateur Championships.' [PAR] 'In the U.S., the first amateur star was Walter Travis. The Australian who had moved to the U.S. as a child first won the U.S. Amateur Championship in 1900 and would collect two more titles. Only three other players have ever won three or more U.S. Amateur Championships. He also became the first American player to win the British Amateur Open, capturing the 1904 title. Following Travis's success was Jerome Travers, who between 1907 and 1913 won four titles. Travers would also become one of the first Amateur winners to also win a U.S. Open.' [PAR] 'The greatest amateur of the first half of the 1900s, however (and one of the greatest of all-time) was Bobby Jones. Of the seven U.S. Amateur Championships between 1924 and 1930, Jones won five of them; those five victories are also the most all-time in Amateur Championship history. His greatest feat, another unmatched in history, came in 1930. In that single year, Bobby Jones won the U.S. Open, the British Open, the U.S. Amateur Championship and the British Amateur Championship. That"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Latest World, US ... Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Video on NBCNews.com [PAR] Rock Center | May 10, 2013 [PAR] Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all [PAR] From his engagement to Chris Evert, to the role his mother played in his tennis career, to his gambling addiction when his life on the court faded, legend Jimmy Connors reveals all to Rock Center\u2019s Harry Smith. [PAR] Share This: [PAR] Did Camp Lejeune water cause man\u2019s breast cancer? [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Game Gone Wrong: Bryan Stow and his recovery [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Boston bombing amputee rises to her feet [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Activists say Goodwill exploits workers with penny wages [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Stella! Inside the empire of Stella McCartney [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Brian Williams signs off Rock Center with a look back [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Boston bombing amputee walks with new legs [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Some workers at Goodwill paid as little as 22 cents an hour [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Paul McCartney: Being Stella\u2019s dad, \u2018pretty cool\u2019 [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] In the Newsroom: Happy 'Trololo' birthday to you [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] 19-year-old hopes to revolutionize nuclear power [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] Aesha, three years later: \u2018I\u2019m a very lucky girl\u2019 [PAR] Rock Center [PAR] June 14, 2013 [PAR] This content comes from Closed Captioning that was broadcast along with this program. [PAR] >>> for mother 's day, our next report focuses on one of the most intense mother /son relationships you will ever come across. jimmy connors became a tennis legend famous for his grit also his volcanic temper, but it's the portions of his new memoir that deal with his life off the tennis court that are deservedly getting the most attention. tonight for the first time he talks about all of it with harry smith . [PAR] >> reporter: at a municipal tennis court off highway 101 a man repeats a ritual he's been performing since his mother put a racket in his hand. yes, that's jimmy coners. grinding away at a public tennis court . maybe we shouldn't be surprised because in the 1970s , connors was the guy who dragged tennis kicking and screaming from the country clubs to the streets. you come on the scene, you're brash. you yell at umpires. you flip off people in the crowd. you use your tennis racket in obscene ways sometimes. we'll find the pictures. [PAR] >> i'm not denying anything. [PAR] >> reporter: love him or loathe him, fans wanted to see him. [PAR] >> this is what they pay for. this is what they want. [PAR] >> reporter: they're amazed by you. they're transfixed on you. but they don't necessarily like you. [PAR] >> well, not at the beginning, no. i mean i'm going to get hammered for this, but i don't really care. tennis needed a face-lift. we needed people who were loving baseball, basketball. [PAR] >> reporter: the average sports fan. [PAR] >> the real sports fan. not the average sports fan. the real sports fan who wanted to come see two guys going at it willing to give everything they had, break their back for them, leave their blood on the court and have fun doing it. [PAR] >> reporter: you were the torch that lit that fire. [PAR] >> burn. let it burn . i needed something to do. [PAR] >> reporter: and now connors is likely to burn a few bridges after a long self-imposed exile. he's emerged with a raw and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel [PAR] Slash caught his mom naked with David Bowie when he was 8 [PAR] NewsFix and KIAH, August 31, 2012 [PAR] David Bowie has been into a lot of things during his long career, from Ziggy Stardust, to Mick Jagger , to a 20-year marriage to model Iman . And now, we find out that Bowie was into, quite literally, the mother of Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash . This little bit of rock'n'roll trivia came out when slash was in Australia talking to Triple M , the big rock station down under. He said his mother Ola Hudson was a popular costume designer back in the day, doing the likes of John Lennon , Ringo Starr , Diana Ross and David Bowie. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Bowie, Iman Exchange Vows In Church Ceremony [PAR] June 7, 1992 [PAR] British rock star David Bowie and Somali-born model Iman exchanged religious vows Saturday in a church in Florence, Italy.Guests at the service in San Giacomo Church included Yoko Ono, Bianca Jagger and society hair stylist Thierry Mugler.Bowie, 45, and his bride, 36, went through a civil ceremony in Lausanne, Switzerland, in April.Bowie was divorced from his first wife in 1980. Iman, one of the world's highest-paid models, was married for eight years to basketball star Spencer Haywood.She and multimillionaire Bowie each have a child from previous marriages. [PAR] LOCAL [PAR] Romance of an era [PAR] By Jean Patteson, Sentinel Staff Writer, February 2, 2007 [PAR] Inspired by the success of her pinup pictures, Iman Woods went looking for other styles of vintage photography to imitate. She hit on the moody, black-and-white photographs of couples from Hollywood's Golden Age -- Greta Garbo and Robert Taylor, Jean Harlow and Clark Gable. \"I thought, `Wouldn't it be romantic to take pictures of modern couples posed like that?' \" says Woods. \"I could call them `Love Story' photos.\" She researched dozens of classic silver-screen photographs, studying the stylized poses, the high-contrast lighting and the glamorous hairstyles, makeup and outfits. [PAR] LOCAL [PAR] Supermodel Iman Begs For Political Conference [PAR] December 10, 1992 [PAR] Iman, the Somali-born supermodel, has emerged as the most visible and vocal advocate of humanitarian aid for the starving multitudes in her homeland. She is trying to bolster support for Operation Restore Hope and to call for a political dialogue between warring factions in Somalia. Iman, 37, has asked the U.S. to take a major role in the creation of a national peace conference in Somalia. ''If the U.S. troops come out with no political settlement achieved or no environment where the elders of warring factions can have a dialogue, then we will be back to square one,'' she said. [PAR] LOCAL [PAR] Iman Weeps After Seeing Her Native People Starve [PAR] October 2, 1992 [PAR] Iman, the Somali-born top model, wept Thursday when she saw hundreds of starving children in the part of her native country worst hit by famine.Iman was visiting the southern town of Baidoa, where 250 people are dying from starvation every day, witnesses said.Tens of thousands already have died and 2 million are at risk of starving because of drought and a civil war. [PAR] LOCAL [PAR] Iman Says She Tried - Ex Calls Her Lousy, Abusive [PAR] March 21, 1993 [PAR] Iman, pasted in a recent tabloid as a lousy wife and abusive mother by her ex, Spencer Haywood, issued a statement denying nothing but stressing she had done her best.In his just-out autobio, Haywood, a former pro basketball star, said his sex life with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bea Arthur, \u201cMaude\u201d \u201cGolden Girls\u201d star | The Seattle Times Bea Arthur, \u201cMaude\u201d \u201cGolden Girls\u201d star | The Seattle Times [PAR] Bea Arthur, \u201cMaude\u201d \u201cGolden Girls\u201d star [PAR] Originally published April 26, 2009 at 12:00 am [PAR] Updated May 3, 2009 at 3:37 am [PAR] The cast members of the television series \u201cGolden Girls\u201d were clockwise from left, Bea Arthur, Rue McClanahan, Betty White and Estelle Getty. [PAR] Beatrice Arthur, best known as the acerbic Maude Findlay on Norman Lear's sitcom \"Maude\" and as the strong-willed Dorothy Zbornak on the long-running \"The Golden Girls,\" died Saturday. She was 86. [PAR] Share story [PAR] Claudia Luther [PAR] LOS ANGELES \u2014 Beatrice Arthur, best known as the acerbic Maude Findlay on Norman Lear\u2019s sitcom \u201cMaude\u201d and as the strong-willed Dorothy Zbornak on the long-running \u201cThe Golden Girls,\u201d died Saturday. She was 86. [PAR] Ms. Arthur, a stage-trained actress who was a success on Broadway long before television audiences got to know her, died of cancer at her Los Angeles home, family spokesman Dan Watt said. [PAR] In 1966, the tall and husky-voiced actress won a Tony Award for her performance as Angela Lansbury\u2019s sharp-tongued sidekick, Vera Charles, in the original production of \u201cMame\u201d on Broadway, which also was named best musical that year. [PAR] Time magazine said of her performance, she \u201cdelivers a line as if someone had put lye in her martinis.\u201d [PAR] Most Read Stories [PAR] Unlimited Digital Access. $1 for 4 weeks. [PAR] She had little experience in either film or TV when Lear saw her singing a song called \u201cGarbage\u201d in an Off-Broadway show, \u201cThe Shoestring Revue.\u201d In 1971, Lear brought her to Hollywood for a guest role on CBS\u2019 \u201cAll in the Family.\u201d She played Edith Bunker\u2019s loudmouthed cousin, Maude, who tangled with Edith\u2019s equally loudmouthed husband, Archie Bunker, from opposite sides of the political fence. [PAR] Within a year, Ms. Arthur had her own show, \u201cMaude,\u201d which ran for six years on CBS. [PAR] In the series, Maude is living in Tuckahoe, N.Y., with her fourth husband, Walter Findlay (Bill Macy), daughter Carol (Adrienne Barbeau), grandson Phillip (Brian Morrison), and a black maid named Florida (Esther Rolle), whose sassy repartee with her boss was one of the best parts of \u201cMaude.\u201d (Rolle\u2019s character spun off into another series, \u201cGood Times.\u201d) [PAR] \u201cMaude\u201d came at the onset of the feminist movement and addressed serious issues, including infidelity, death, depression and abortion, but there were always laughs. Maude\u2019s most famous line, delivered often and with withering drollery, was: \u201cGod will get you for that, Walter.\u201d [PAR] Playing Maude earned Ms. Arthur five Emmy nominations and a statuette in 1977. But, despite the show\u2019s enormous success, Ms. Arthur did not enjoy being the public face of feminism, a role she said was thrust upon her. [PAR] \u201cIt put a lot of unnecessary pressure on me,\u201d she told the Chicago Sun-Times in 2001. [PAR] After she left \u201cMaude,\u201d she returned to TV briefly in 1983 for ABCs failed takeoff of the British series \u201cFawlty Towers,\u201d titled \u201cAmanda\u2019s.\u201d [PAR] She returned to television in triumph in 1985 as Dorothy, the divorc\u00e9e on \u201cThe Golden Girls,\u201d the NBC hit that ran from 1985-92, twice won Emmys for best comedy and continues to enjoy a long afterlife in syndication. [PAR] \u201cThe Golden Girls\u201d followed the lives of three older women sharing a household in Miami with Dorothy\u2019s widowed mother, Sophia (Estelle Getty), who has suffered a small stroke that frees her from the constraints of tactfulness. [PAR] Much of what made the show work was the snappy mother-daughter dialogue, with Ms."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lisa Kudrow - Biography - IMDb Lisa Kudrow - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Lisa Kudrow [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 64 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (43) | Personal Quotes (10) | Salary (4) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Hardly the dumb blonde of Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997), Lisa was born in Encino, California on July 30, 1963. Her mother, Nedra S. (Stern), was a travel agent, and her father, Lee N. Kudrow, was a physician. Her parents are both from Jewish immigrant families (from Belarus, Russia, and Hungary). Lisa was raised in Tarzana and played varsity-level tennis in high school and college, and is a pool shark who has mastered some of the more difficult trick shots (so beware). She graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, with a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology. At first, she wanted to pursue a career in research, so she returned to Los Angeles to begin working with her father. However, Lisa got inspired to perform by one of her brother's friends, comedian Jon Lovitz , and so the tall (5' 8\") blond-haired, green-eyed beauty entered show biz. Lisa auditioned for the improv theater group, The Groundlings, based in Los Angeles. Cynthia Szigeti , a well-known improv teacher, took Lisa under her wing. In that class, Lisa became a friend of Conan O'Brien . Graduating with honors in 1989, Lisa became a full-fledged member of The Groundlings. Breaking into TV, she got a recurring role as Ursula, the ditsy waitress on Mad About You (1992). This led to her starring role on Friends (1994). In the debut season (1994-95) of Friends (1994), Lisa earned an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series; in 1998, she won that award for her role as Phoebe, the ditsy but lovable folk singer. Lisa has also been nominated for Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild and American Comedy Awards for her performances. Lisa made the transition to the big screen with a lot of success. In 1997, she starred opposite Oscar winner Mira Sorvino in the above-mentioned Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997). Lisa garnered more praise for her film work when she got the New York Film Critics Award for her starring role in The Opposite of Sex (1998). Lisa married Michel Stern, an advertising executive, on May 27, 1995. On May 7, 1998, they were blessed with a son, Julian Murray; they live in Los Angeles. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: kdhaisch@aol.com [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 27 May 1995 - present) (1 child) [PAR] Trade Mark (1) [PAR] Frequently plays funny, ditzy characters [PAR] Trivia (43) [PAR] Chosen by \"People\" magazine as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World. [1997] [PAR] Attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills, California. She graduated on June 18, 1981. [PAR] First played Ursula on Mad About You (1992), then played her twin sister, Phoebe, on Friends (1994), and has played both characters at once in a few episodes of Friends (1994). [PAR] Was originally cast as Roz Doyle on Frasier (1993), but the producers and writers decided they were changing the character too much to fit Kudrow's personality. Both parties decided it would be better to recast the role, and Peri Gilpin was chosen instead. [PAR] Graduated with a B.S. in Psychobiology from Vassar College. [1985] [PAR] Convinced to quit her job as a Medical Researcher to become a full-time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jed Clampett - The Beverly Hillbillies Characters - ShareTV Jed Clampett - The Beverly Hillbillies Characters - ShareTV [PAR] Buddy Ebsen began his career as a dancer in the late 1920s in a Broadway chorus. He later formed a vaudeville ... [PAR] Character Bio [PAR] Although he had received little formal education, Jed Clampett had a good deal of common sense. A good-natured man, he is the apparent head of the family. Jed's wife (Elly May's mother) died, but is referred to in the episode \"Duke Steals A Wife\" as Rose Ellen. Jed was shown to be an expert marksman and was extremely loyal to his family and kinfolk. The huge oil pool in the swamp he owned was the beginning of his rags-to-riches journey to Beverly Hills. Although he longed for the old ways back in the hills, he made the best of being in Beverly Hills. Whenever he had anything on his mind, he would sit on the curbstone of his mansion and whittle until he came up with the answer. Jedediah, the version of Jed's name used in the 1993 Beverly Hillbillies theatrical movie, was never mentioned in the original television series (though coincidentally, on Ebsen's subsequent series, Barnaby Jones, Barnaby's nephew J.R. was also named Jedediah). In one episode Jed and Granny reminisce about seeing Buddy Ebsen and Vilma Ebsen\u2014a joking reference to the Ebsens' song and dance act. Jed appears in all 274 episodes. [PAR] Episode Screenshots"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Green Acres on the Radio \u2013 The Great Detectives of Old ... Green Acres on the Radio \u2013 The Great Detectives of Old Time Radio [PAR] Golden Age Article [PAR] Green Acres on the Radio [PAR] If you mention Green Acres, people think of the 1965-71 Sitcom starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor. But fifteen years before Green Acres came to TV, it came to radio. [PAR] CBS broadcast Granby\u2019s Green Acres as a Summer replacement series. Granby\u2019s Green Acres told the story of John Granby, a Banker who got fed up with city life and took his wife and family to relocate to a farm. [PAR] Sound familiar? [PAR] The radio Green Acres were written by a 33-year old writer, who would go on to write 150 of the 170 TV episodes of Green Acres. [PAR] There were quite a few similarities between the radio and TV versions of Green Acres. Both featured a scatter-brained Mr. Kimball (although the radio Mr. Kimball ran the county store rather than being the County Agent.) Granby also had a farm hand named Eb. The radio show had some good bits that Sommers would dust off for early TV episodes. [PAR] An early Green Acres TV episode where Oliver can\u2019t decide what to plant has its basis in the radio episode, \u201cMr. Granby Plants a Crop.\u201d [PAR] And this great little bit of dialogue also came from the radio show originally: [PAR] Oliver: I\u2019d take a seed, a tiny little seed, I\u2019d plant it in the ground, I\u2019d put some dirt on it, I\u2019d water it, and pretty soon, do you know what I would have? [PAR] Lisa: A dirty little wet seed. [PAR] At the end of the radio run. John Granby (Gale Gordon) told listeners to send letters in to their local CBS station with their thoughts on Granby\u2019s Green Acres. The show never returned to the air. [PAR] There were many reasons the show didn\u2019t make it in 1950. One big one might be that Granby\u2019s Green Acres was not a show that audiences were ready for. Americans had migrated in large numbers to cities like New York and Los Angeles in search of economic opportunities. Granby\u2019s desire to move to the country seemed absurd. When Green Acres appeared on TV, it was a very different world with violence and unrest, crime on the rise, and social unrest. Moving to Hooterville sounded a lot less crazy and made us more sympathetic with Mr. Douglas. [PAR] The biggest problem with Granby\u2019s Green Acres may have been that it just wasn\u2019t ready for prime time. Granby is too much of a cantankerous blowhard. The radio version gives you an appreciation of the talent with which Eddie Albert played the role of Oliver Wendell Douglas, as a complex mix of bombast, idealism, practicality, and romance that made the character a joy to watch. [PAR] In the radio version, Sommers only had given real airtime to Mr. Kimball from the store, and a know it all County Agent who always ate Granby\u2019s supper. Pretty thin gruel. [PAR] Not continuing Granby\u2019s Green Acres was a smart decision. Even with great comics like Burns and Allen leaving radio for television, radio comedy was still undergoing a golden age and Sommers creation simply was not in the same league as shows like Our Miss Brooks, Life of Riley, and Life with Luigi. [PAR] It also had a nice aftermath. Sommers continued to develop as a writer and work the world of television, writing on such shows as Amos and Andy, Dennis the Menace, and Petticoat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The '90s / Useful Notes - TV Tropes The '90s / Useful Notes - TV Tropes [PAR] So if this is what sold pickup trucks in the early '90s, what did the chick-car ads look like? [PAR] Some useful notes regarding the Real Life 1990s , from tropers who remember them. [PAR] Daily Life: [PAR] For the first time in U.S. history, more Americans lived in affluent suburban neighborhoods rather than in cities or towns or on farms. Fueled by this millions-strong middle class, the American \"consumer culture\" that had been burgeoning since The '50s reached its apotheosis. There were more creature comforts and general amusements than ever before (including some that were relatively new for the decade, such as cellular phones and hand-held videogame consoles), as well as more people to enjoy them and more dollars with which to buy them. The factor most responsible for setting the stage for this fabulous prosperity remains controversial among social scientists and political pundits, but the general consensus is that the country was reaping a generation's worth of benefits from a dramatic economic shift (dubbed the \"New Economy\") that had phased out the old industrial labor market (which, had allegedly subordinated the material interests of laborers to those of management) and reoriented American workers toward businesses that capitalized more on individual ingenuity and creativity (such as computer technology). [PAR] The 1990s were the point at which drug awareness reached the point of Narm . Anti-drug commercials were sprinkled in between shows aimed at eight-year-olds, most of whom weren't exactly being offered to begin with . note Though the young actresses involved helped usher millions of boys into adolescence. Programs like DARE were at their most aggressive (and least effective), and Rachael Leigh Cook was tearing up her kitchen for unclear reasons [PAR] . Amongst adults, employee drug tests were ubiquitous no matter your line of work. [PAR] Moral Guardians were at their most hot-and-bothered since The '50s , as a result of shows like Beavis And Butthead and The Simpsons , violent video games (more on that below) and musicians like Marilyn Manson and most Gangsta Rap artists. The guardianship was thought to have jumped the shark in 1994 when a Jerry Falwell-produced video claimed that President Bill Clinton was a Serial Killer who had ordered hits on political enemies , but it came back with a vengeance after Columbine provided them with a holy grail of things to panic about \u2014 two teenagers who played Doom and listened to \"violent\" rock music shooting up their school while dressed in black. [PAR] In the UK, there was a fair bit of controversy surrounding the James Bulger case of 1993, infamously involving two ten-year-old boys murdering the much younger Bulger, and it had been rumoured they were trying to imitate horror movies such as Child's Play 3 . Naturally prompting a moral panic over the effects of violent media on children... [PAR] TV ads were still the dominant form of marketing in the '90s. Because everyone was watching either cable or over-the-air TV, the formulaic advertisements that provided a telephone number (\"Call 1-800-[number]\"/\"You must be 18 or older to call\"/\"But wait, there's more!\") with the blue background and scrolling yellow letters were very familiar. While they still exist today, they serve as a nostalgic throwback. [PAR] On the subject of the National Curriculum, this was the decade the National Curriculum assessments, colloquially known as \"SATs\" [PAR] were brought in, designed to test kids in English, Maths and Science at the end of every \"Key Stage\" (typically at the end of Years"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheers Logo and Opening Titles - Fonts In Use Cheers Logo and Opening Titles - Fonts In Use [PAR] is one of the longest running and most awarded series in television history. In the US, at least, the [PAR] Cheers [PAR] logo and opening titles are virtually universal. Almost anyone who grew up with a TV in the 1980s would be familiar with the 60-second sequence, making it one of the most recognizable examples of 20th century typography. [PAR] A remastered title sequence from Season 4 or 5. It\u2019s nice to see the titles in more detail. Unfortunately, the widescreen format\ufeff clips the top and bottom of the original frames. [PAR] The logo and sequence were created by Castle/Bryant/Johnsen, Inc., a 3-person LA studio (Jim Castle, Bruce Bryant and Carol Johnsen) who went on to design titles for dozens of other TV series. Their [PAR] Cheers [PAR] logo, which doubled as the identity for both the series and the fictional bar where the sitcom takes place, became part of the commercial juggernaut, branding countless souvenirs and other merchandise. Later, the Bull & Finch Pub , a real-life Boston bar that inspired the set, even took on the [PAR] Cheers [PAR] name and logo. [PAR] The logo is derived from two typefaces, Candice and Flamenco Inline , two Letraset designs that reflect the 1970s\u2019 obsession with ornate Victorian and Art Nouveau styles. The designers married the flamboyant capital \u2018C\u2019 from Candice with Flamenco\u2019s lively lowercase, completing the painterly look with an arched baseline and \u201c sports swash \u201d. These showy underline strokes were common in baseball team logos (lead character Sam is a former player) but they were also standard elements in early commercial emblems of all sorts. Of course, nearly all these vintage marks were hand lettered, not made from fonts. But the modifications and finish of the Cheers logo successfully emulates the kind of hand lettered sign that would grace an old-timey bar. [PAR] For the Emmy award-winning title sequence, Castle/Bryant/Johnsen departed from the standard sitcom formula of introducing the cast by showing them in corny poses or scenes from the series. Instead, they collected archival illustrations and photographs of bar life, culled from books, private collections, and historical societies. They hand-tinted the images and paired them with typography inspired by a turn-of-the-century aesthetic. The look is old tavern \u2014 but think Tiffany lamps and Chesterfield sofas, not spurs and six-shooters. The vintage imagery is a tribute to the long history of the fictional bar where the series is set. The sign outside Cheers says the bar was established in 1895 (though at least two episodes indicate that this date was made up by the bar\u2019s ownership). [PAR] The opening titles are set in Cabaret . Like Candice, Cabaret was designed by Alan Meeks , a designer who is mostly unknown outside the deepest type circles, but who is responsible for over 30 Letraset font families, many of which are updated takes on vintage display styles. Castle/Bryant/Johnsen borrowed the lined gradient fill of Cabernet to complete the [PAR] Cheers [PAR] logo. [PAR] \u201cSaturday night in a saloon.\u201d Taken in Craigville, Minnesota, 1937 by Russell Lee of the Farm Security Administration. Via Shorpy . [PAR] Here\u2019s the photograph as it was used in the [PAR] Cheers [PAR] title sequence. The man\u2019s arm was removed from the woman\u2019s shoulder, perhaps because the barfly characters in the show are rarely seen with lady friends. [PAR] According to Bryant , \u201cThe network hated it. They wanted to see the cast, not something that represented the cast.\u201d But the show creators\u2019 won"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spin Off: \"The Carol Burnett Show\" and \"Mama's Family\" Spin Off: \"The Carol Burnett Show\" and \"Mama's Family\" [PAR] The Carol Burnett Show and Mama's Family [PAR] The Carol Burnett Show (1967-1979) [PAR] Mama's Family (1983-1990) [PAR] Type: Spin Off [PAR] Okay, most spin offs involve introducing characters on one show as part of a certain reality and then spinning them into a connected show. But there are exceptions, and one of the principal exceptions is when a show starts as a skit on some sort of variety show and then gets fleshed out into a shows all its own. See the difference? No shared reality which, if you look around this site you'll see, is what I think is the most fun about this stuff. [PAR] There are lots of examples of this kind of spin off: The Tracey Ullman Show and The Simpsons, The Jackie Gleason Show and The Honeymooners and, our topic, The Carol Burnett Show and Mama's Family. [PAR] Starting as a recurring bit on The Carol Burnett Show, Mama's Family centered on a lower class southern family with Vicki Lawrence playing Thelma \"Mama\" Harper the matriarch of the Harper clan. Part of what got Vicki Lawrence hired onto The Carol Burnett Show was how very much she looked like Carol Burnett. They looked like they could be sisters. In this skit though Carol Burnett played Mama's daughter Eunice. [PAR] The skits were basically about the various members of the Harper clan fighting and arguing over some problem or another. Lots of loudness. It wasn't my favorite skit but I guess I'm in the minority. [PAR] Well, several years after the end of The Carol Burnett Show, Mama and her family were resurrected as a series for NBC. The show brought back Vicki Lawrence as Mama as well as Carol Burnett and Harvey Korman in their roles of Eunice and Eunice's husband Ed. Eunice and Ed only appeared occasionally though. To fill out the cast, many new characters were brought in: new Harpers, new friends of the Harpers... These parts were played by both new faces as well as sitcom vets like Rue McClanahan, Betty White and Ken Berry. [PAR] After two seasons, NBC dropped the show. It disappeared for a season before it then reappeared in first run syndication. Gone were all the real big big names - Burnett, Korman, White, McClanahan - everyone except for Vicki Lawrence and Ken Berry and the less famous members of the supporting cast. It stayed alive in syndication for four more seasons bringing joy, I guess, to...well dozens of people... maybe... and to bring a tear of suffering to my eye when I would accidentally catch a moment of it. Given the choice of watching Mama's Family or the stunningly bad Small Wonder - the story of a young robot girl raised as a real girl by a family almost half as lifelike as herself - I would have to choose the deadly poison. Sometimes TV ain't pretty folks."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald P. Bellisario - IMDb Donald P. Bellisario - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Writer | Producer | Director [PAR] Donald P. Bellisario was born in North Charleroi in Pennsylvania. His father ran the tavern, where he grew up listening to the war stories of vets returning from WWII. He had a fifteen-year career in advertising before moving to Hollywood. He broke into television as the story editor for Black Sheep Squadron (1976). His most celebrated works to ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:[DOC] [TLE] Donald Bellisario (Producer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Donald Bellisario (Producer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Donald Bellisario [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Aug 8, 1935 [PAR] Donald Paul Bellisario is an American television producer and screenwriter who created and sometimes wrote episodes for the TV series Magnum, P.I. , Airwolf, Quantum Leap, JAG, and NCIS. He has often included military veterans as characters. [PAR] related links [PAR] Veterans In Hollywood Time For A Gut Check [PAR] Huffington Post - Nov 11, 2015 [PAR] 'Veteran\\'s Day is a good time to ask how it can be that while so many TV shows and movies find inspiration in the sacrifice of our servicemen and women -- and yet find so little opportunity to hire Veterans to tell these stories? Between The Last Ship and three shows in the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) franchise- plus movies like American Sniper and Captain Phillips -- most Americans could be forgiven for assuming that any professional writers, producers and directors who ... [PAR] The Hollywood Reporter's Best Of The Week [PAR] Seattle Pi - Nov 21, 2012 [PAR] '\\n The Hollywood Reporter\\'s best of the week \\n\\n\\n Los Angeles is a spinoff, <mark>Donald Bellisario</mark>\\'s lawyers slam the network for seeking medical records to harass and embarrass him.\\n\\nLAWRENCE KASDAN, SIMON KIMBERG LOCK DEALS TO WRITE AND PRODUCE \\'STAR WARS\\' INSTALLMENTS\\n\\nThe pair will write either \\\"Episode VIII\\\" or \\\"Episode IX\\\" \u00e2\u0080\u0094 their exact division of responsibilities is yet to be determined \u00e2\u0080\u0094 and also will come aboard to produce the films.\\n\\nTHR\\'S... [PAR] La Daybook Wsls [PAR] Google News - Sep 05, 2011 [PAR] '8:30 am NCIS LAWSUIT A case management conference is scheduled in &quot;NCIS&quot; creator <mark>Donald Bellisario</mark>&#39;s lawsuit against CBS Studios Inc. He alleges the studio breached a contract allowing him to take part in the development of the series spinoff &quot;NCIS:' [PAR] Producer's Lawsuit Seeks Compensation For Ncis Spinoff New York Law Journal [PAR] Google News - Aug 25, 2011 [PAR] '<mark>Donald Bellisario</mark> was creator and executive producer of JAG, NCIS, and other television series including Magnum PI, Airwolf, and Quantum Leap. A recent lawsuit 1 in Los Angeles brought against CBS by him and his personal services company illustrates' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Donald Bellisario. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1935 Birth Born on August 8, 1935. [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1953 17 Years Old Notably, the last episode of Quantum Leap takes place on August 8, 1953, Sam Beckett's birthday, and the reverse of the last two digits of Bellisario's own birth year. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Another common theme in Bellisario's work is religious undertones and comparisons. Read Less [PAR] 1955 19 Years Old Bellisario was born in Charleroi or Cokeburg, Pennsylvania (sources differ) to an Italian father Albert and a Serbian mother Dana (n\u00c3\u00a9e Lap\u00c4\u008devi\u00c4\u0087) Bellisario who was born in Gamberale, Abruzzo, Italy. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1955 to 1959, attaining the rank of Sergeant and earning the Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal. [PAR] TWENTIES [PAR] 1961 25 Years Old Bellisario earned a bachelors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daktari (TV Series 1966\u20131969) - IMDb Daktari (TV Series 1966\u20131969) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Dr. Marsh Tracy was a veterinarian running an animal study center in Africa. Helping him were his daughter Paula, American Jack Dane and Mike, a local. Also living with the Tracys--and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creators: [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 23 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 2657 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 3690 titles [PAR] created 15 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Daktari \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Ranger Porter Ricks is responsible for the animal and human life in Coral Key Park, Florida. Stories center on his 15-year-old son Sandy and 10-year-old Bud and, especially, on their pet dolphin Flipper. [PAR] Stars: Brian Kelly, Luke Halpin, Tommy Norden [PAR] When a native village is apparently terrorized by a Lion, the local sergeant enlists the help of a veterinarian working at a nearby animal study center. It is soon discovered that the Lion ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Andrew Marton [PAR] The ongoing saga of the Martin family and their beloved collie, Lassie. [PAR] Stars: Lassie, Jon Provost, June Lockhart [PAR] Sonny and his kangaroo Skippy live in Waratah National Park in New South Wales. Matt Hammond, Sonny's father is the park ranger. Skippy saves the day in many adventures. [PAR] Stars: Ed Devereaux, Tony Bonner, Ken James [PAR] The series revolves around Evie Ethel Garland, who is the daughter of Troy and Donna Garland. However, Troy is an alien from the planet Antereus. As a benefit of her half-alien parentage, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Donna Pescow, Maureen Flannigan, Burt Reynolds [PAR] The story of a young bee named Maya and her adventures. [PAR] Stars: Michiko Nomura, Ichir\u00f4 Nagai, Etha Coster [PAR] Les barbapapa (TV Series 1973) [PAR] Animation | Short | Family [PAR] The Barbapapas are creatures that can change their form, and those are the adventures is this unusual family in his struggle to find his place in the planet while helping other people and animals [PAR] Stars: Allen Swift, Julia Holewinski, Leen Jongewaard [PAR] The humourous adventures of a family of pop musicians. [PAR] Stars: Shirley Jones, David Cassidy, Susan Dey [PAR] A sarcastic Martian comes to live with a hapless young Terran on Earth. [PAR] Stars: Ray Walston, Bill Bixby, Pamela Britton [PAR] Pumuckl is a nice and sometimes naughty goblin who used to live with a cabinet maker named Franz Eder. Mr. Eder has had to live through quite some trouble because Pumuckl always was up to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Gustl Bayrhammer, Hans Clarin, Toni Berger [PAR] In the 21st century, the Tracy family operate a unique private mechanized emergency response service. [PAR] Stars: Sylvia Anderson, Peter Dyneley, David Graham [PAR] Top Cat is the leader of a group of alley cats, always trying to cheat someone. [PAR] Stars: Leo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William S. Paley | American executive | Britannica.com William S. Paley | American executive | Britannica.com [PAR] American executive [PAR] David Sarnoff [PAR] William S. Paley, (born Sept. 28, 1901, Chicago , Ill., U.S.\u2014died Oct. 26, 1990, New York , N.Y.), American broadcaster who served as the Columbia Broadcasting System \u2019s president (1928\u201346), chairman of the board (1946\u201383), founder chairman (1983\u201386), acting chairman (1986\u201387), and chairman (1987\u201390). For more than half a century he personified the power and influence of CBS. [PAR] William S. Paley, c. 1979. [PAR] Carl Mydans\u2014Time Life Pictures/Getty Images [PAR] Paley was the son of immigrant Ukrainian Jews who conducted a thriving cigar business in Chicago. (At age 12 he added a middle initial to his name, the S.) The family moved to Philadelphia when Paley was ready for college, and he attended the Wharton School of Finance at the University of Pennsylvania (B.S., 1922). After entering the family\u2019s new cigar business, he became vice president and eventually signed an early radio advertising contract for the firm\u2019s products. The commercials boosted business, making Paley aware of the power of radio as an advertising medium, and in 1927 he invested in a relative\u2019s small radio network, the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System; Paley became president of Columbia on Sept. 26, 1928, moved to New York City , and quickly signed up 49 radio stations. (CBS dropped the word Phonographic from its name in 1929.) In the subsequent decades Paley built CBS into one of the world\u2019s leading radio and television networks, hiring such entertainment stars as Bing Crosby , Kate Smith , George Burns and Gracie Allen , the Mills Brothers, Will Rogers , Eddie Cantor , Bob Hope , and Jack Benny , luring some of them from rival networks. [PAR] During World War II Paley served the U.S. government as supervisor of the Office of War Information (OWI) in the Mediterranean, and later as chief of radio in the OWI\u2019s Psychological Warfare Division (1944\u201345), finally becoming deputy chief of the Psychological Warfare Division. [PAR] During and after the war Paley supported and encouraged Edward R. Murrow in building an outstanding news staff for CBS. Also in the postwar era Paley built CBS studios on both the east and west coasts and produced several successful television game shows, comedies, and westerns, including I Love Lucy, Gunsmoke, and Arthur Godfrey\u2019s and Ed Sullivan\u2019s variety shows. Paley exercised firm control over major programming and, in 1966, waived the CBS mandatory retirement rule so that he could remain active as chairman of the board. He remained chairman until 1983 and, after some CBS infighting, returned in 1987. [PAR] Britannica Stories[DOC] [TLE] John Hay Whitney - Biography - IMDb John Hay Whitney - Biography - IMDb [PAR] John Hay Whitney [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (12) | Personal Quotes (2) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] 8 February 1982 , Manhasset, Long Island, New York, USA [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] John Hay \"Jock\" Whitney, the multi-millionaire sportsman, pioneering color-movie producer, soldier, financier, philanthropist, art-collector, diplomat, and newspaper publisher was born in Elsworth, Maine on August 27, 1904. He was a descendant of John Whitney, a Puritan who settled in Massachusetts in 1635, as well as of William Bradford, who came over on the Mayflower, and his two grandfathers, one a Republican and one a Democrat, were presidential cabinet members. So socially secure he was never listed in the Social Register, Whitney denounced it as a form of social arbitration that was undemocratic. John Hay Whitney was a Scion of Society; he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Trading Places' - More Than 7 Things You May Not Know ... \u2018Trading Places\u2019: More Than 7 Things You May Not Know About The Film (But We Won\u2019t Bet A Dollar On It) | IndieWire [PAR] Advertise with Indiewire [PAR] \u2018Trading Places\u2019: More Than 7 Things You May Not Know About The Film (But We Won\u2019t Bet A Dollar On It) [PAR] 'Trading Places': More Than 7 Things You May Not Know About The Film (But We Won't Bet A Dollar On It) [PAR] Talk [PAR] Thirty years ago, \u201c Trading Places ,\u201d John Landis\u2018 classic comedy, premiered to critical and commercial success. Not only was it the 4th highest grossing film of 1983 (making over $90 million, behind \u201cFlashdance,\u201d \u201cTerms of Endearment,\u201d and \u201cReturn of the Jedi\u201c), but the film also received praise from the likes of Roger Ebert (\u201cThis is good comedy\u201d) and Rex Reed (\u201cTrading Places is an updated Frank Capra with four-letter words, and I can think of no higher praise than that\u201d). The film is about two beyond-wealthy yet bored brothers (Ralph Bellamy and Don Ameche) who swap out a well-to-do finance guy in their employ ( Dan Aykroyd ) with a homeless conman (Eddie Murphy) just to watch the world burn, oh no, we mean to test the good old \u201cnature vs. nurture\u201d debate. Decades later, \u201cTrading Places\u201d is still hilarious, with its cutting commentary on class and race in America (regrettably still topical), legendary comedic performances by Murphy (way before \u201c Triplets \u201d talk and Murphy became the most overpaid actor in Hollywood ) and Aykroyd (way before \u201c Ghostbusters 3 \u201d talk and Aykroyd opened up about his belief in aliens ), and so much more (Jamie Lee Curtis plays a hooker with a heart of gold, the 1% lose out in the end, and more). [PAR] To mark the occasion, check out a few tidbits of trivia that you may not know about the film below and keep your eye on the frozen orange juice market. \u201cTrading Places\u201d is currently available on DVD and Blu-ray (we recommend the \u201cLooking Good, Feeling Good\u201d edition in either format), and can be seen on Netflix: what better time to watch than during this summer weekend (there\u2019s only so much sunshine and fresh air you can soak up), especially with some freshly squeezed orange juice (take that, Duke brothers!)? [PAR] 1. It Was Originally Meant To Be A Richard Pryor-Gene Wilder Vehicle Called \u201cBlack And White\u201d [PAR] After the uber-success of \u201cStir Crazy\u201d (grossing over $100 million and ranking 3rd overall for 1980, although with mixed reviews), the team of Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder was a hot ticket. With comedic and literal gold in mind, the story for \u201cTrading Places\u201d was born, though with the slightly more blunt title of \u201cBlack and White.\u201d Too bad \u201c Ebony and Ivory \u201d was already taken. Remember, this was the early \u201980s and a to-be-rated R comedy, so subtlety and racial sensitivity were not high on the checklist (for some context, check out this landmark \u2018SNL\u2019 sketch ). [PAR] Unfortunately (or fortunately, depends on how you feel about \u201cNorbit\u201c), Pryor was unable to do the film and the studio replaced him with Murphy. Rather than taking Pryor\u2019s reins, Murphy had Wilder re-cast and the rest is history. Being the 22-year-old comedian\u2019s second film role (\u201c48 Hours\u201d being his screen debut), Billy Ray Valentine \u201c made him a phenomenon .\u201d A few years later, Pryor and Wilder would get the chance to work together again for the third time (first was the moderately-received \u201cSilver Streak\u201c) in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Nixon Interview With David Frost Transcription ... Richard Nixon Interview With David Frost Transcription | LYBIO.net Is A Movement For Internet Online Accuracy For Speeches, Text, Words, Quotes and Lyrics. [PAR] Richard Nixon Interview With David Frost Transcription [PAR] Richard Nixon Interview With David Frost [PAR] \u201chttp://Lybio.net [PAR] The Accurate Source To Find Transcript To Richard Nixon Interview With David Frost.\u201d [PAR] [Richard Nixon Complete Interview (6 of 6) With David Frost] [PAR] [Nixon Interview With David Frost (1 of 6)] [PAR] [Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 \u2013 April 22, 1994)] Source: LYBIO.net [PAR] I must say I sort of cracked up. Started to cry, pushed my chair back. And then I blurted it out. And I said, I\u2019m sorry; I just hope I haven\u2019t let you down. [PAR] President Richard Nixon \u2026talking with David Frost [PAR] [Voice Over] Source: LYBIO.net [PAR] Highlights from the historic David Frost encounters with Richard Nixon in 1977. [PAR] [Sir David Paradine Frost, (7 April 1939 \u2013 31 August 2013) ] [PAR] I\u2019ve interviewed Richard Nixon once before the Nixon interviews in 1977. That was back in 1968 when he was candidate Nixon. And the scene of his interview was his campaign HQ in New York. In fact, we arrived slightly ahead of the furniture, but we managed to wrestle up a couple of chairs and we were very soon discussing his notorious you won\u2019t have Richard Nixon to kick around anymore speech back in 1962. [PAR] [Richard Nixon] [PAR] As a public figure, I would say that was a mistake. And I can also assure you that as far as getting into an argument with press it won\u2019t happen again, as long as I\u2019m a public figure. [PAR] [David Frost] [PAR] Well that was one campaign pledge he was certainly not able to fulfill, within two years he was at war with the press over Vietnam, and within 4 years over Watergate. We\u2019ll come back to the unfolding drama of Watergate later in the program. But right now, we turn to a question that I asked him that has an extraordinary resonance this week. [PAR] [David Frost] [PAR] And did you in a sense feel that resignation was worse than death? [PAR] [Richard Nixon] [PAR] In some ways. I didn\u2019t feel it in terms that the popular mythologists about this era write, that resignation is so terrible, I better go out and fall on a sword or take a gun and shoot myself or this or that or the other thing. I wasn\u2019t about to do that. I never think in those terms; suicidal terms, death wish and all that, that\u2019s all just bunk. But on the other hand, I feel myself that life without purpose, I feel that life in which an individual has to \u2013 is forced to go against his intuitions about what he thinks he ought to do, that life then becomes almost unbearable. And so resignation meant life without purpose as far as I was concerned. I had nothing more to contribute to the causes I so deeply believed in. And also I felt that resignation meant that I would be in a position of \u2013 of not having really anything to live for, and related to the fact that it is life without purpose, not having anything to life for that it could be a very very shattering experience which it has been and it to a certain extent it still is. [PAR] You see people \u2013 the average person and I understand this, I\u2019m \u2013 I do not consider myself to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dick Van Dyke - Biography - IMDb Dick Van Dyke - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Dick Van Dyke [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 156 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (122) | Personal Quotes (23) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' 1\" (1.85 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Dick Van Dyke was born Richard Wayne Van Dyke in West Plains, Missouri, to Hazel Victoria (McCord), a stenographer, and Loren Wayne Van Dyke, a salesman. His younger brother is entertainer Jerry Van Dyke . His ancestry includes English, Scottish, German, Swiss-German, and Dutch. Although he'd had small roles beforehand, Van Dyke was launched to stardom in the 1960 musical \"Bye-Bye Birdie\", for which he won a Tony Award, and, then, later in the movie based on that play, Bye Bye Birdie (1963). He has starred in a number of films throughout the years including Mary Poppins (1964), Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) and Fitzwilly (1967), as well as a number of successful television series which won him no less than four Emmys and three made-for-CBS movies. After separating from his wife, Margie Willett, in the 1970s, Dick later became involved with Michelle Triola . Margie and Dick had four children born during the first ten years of their marriage: Barry Van Dyke ; Carrie Beth van Dyke ; Christian Van Dyke and Stacy Van Dyke , all of whom are now in their forties and married themselves. He has seven grandchildren, including Shane Van Dyke , Carey Van Dyke , Wes Van Dyke and Taryn Van Dyke (Barry's children) and family members often appear with him on Diagnosis Murder (1993). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Taiyo [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Often works with his son Barry Van Dyke [PAR] Performed his own unique style of dancing [PAR] Grey moustache [PAR] The role of Rob Petrie on The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961). [PAR] Trivia (122) [PAR] Often hosted game shows when he was a struggling actor. He hosted Mother's Day (1958) and Laugh Line (1959) but turned down The Price Is Right (1956). [PAR] Lived with Michelle Triola from 1976 until her death in 2009. Van Dyke had become friendly with her before his marriage ended and in his autobiography he admits that the final cause of his divorce from his wife was when he gave Michelle Triola out of his own pocket the six-figure amount she had sued for unsuccessfully in her infamous \"palimony\" case against Lee Marvin. [PAR] Daughter Stacy Van Dyke guest starred on Diagnosis Murder (1993), in Diagnosis Murder: Murder in the Family (1996). Grandson Shane Van Dyke guest-starred in 14 episodes of Diagnosis Murder (1993). [PAR] According to his book \"Those Funny Kids: A Treasury of Classroom Laughter\", by age 11 he had grown to 6' 1\". [PAR] Is ambidextrous but writes mainly left-handed. [PAR] Served in the United States Air Force. [PAR] He enlisted to be a pilot in the Army Air Corps during World War II, but initially did not make the cut because he did not meet the weight requirement, as he was underweight. He tried three times to enlist, before barely making the cut. He actually served as a radio announcer during the war, and he did not leave the United States. [PAR] He and his wife Margie married on the radio show \"Bride and Groom\" because the show paid for the wedding rings, a honeymoon and household appliances. After their wedding, the Van Dykes were so poor that they had to live in their car"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emma Thompson - TV.com Emma Thompson - TV.com [PAR] Emma Thompson [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Emma is the daughter of English actress Phyllida Law and of stage director Eric Thompson . Actress Sophie Thompson is her sister. Emma attended the Camden School for Girls, a comprehensive girls' secondary school in North London. She first came into the limelight at Cambridge, where she studied English\u2026 more [PAR] Credits [PAR] S 1: Ep 2 Part 2 Perestroika [PAR] 12/14/03 [PAR] S 1: Ep 1 Part 1 Millennium Approaches [PAR] 12/7/03 [PAR] S 1: Ep 6 Josette Simon, Harry Butterworth, Jim Carter, Sue Race [PAR] 12/15/88 [PAR] S 1: Ep 3 Robbie Coltrane, Mark Kingston [PAR] 11/24/88 [PAR] S 1: Ep 7 January 1943 [PAR] 11/22/87 [PAR] S 1: Ep 6 Autumn 1942 [PAR] 11/15/87 [PAR] S 1: Ep 5 April 1941 [PAR] 11/8/87 [PAR] S 1: Ep 4 October 1940 [PAR] 11/1/87 [PAR] S 1: Ep 3 June 1940 [PAR] 10/25/87 [PAR] S 1: Ep 5 Love Hurts [PAR] 3/31/87 [PAR] S 1: Ep 4 Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O [PAR] 3/24/87 [PAR] S 1: Ep 2 On the Road Again [PAR] 3/10/87 [PAR] S 67: Ep 1 67th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards [PAR] 9/20/15 [PAR] S 27: Ep 41 2014/10/27 [PAR] 10/27/14 [PAR] S 26: Ep 72 December 11, 2013 [PAR] 12/11/13 [PAR] S 22: Ep 229 August 17, 2010 [PAR] 8/17/10 [PAR] S 18: Ep 92 January 25, 2006 [PAR] 1/25/06 [PAR] S 16: Ep 48 November 5, 2003 [PAR] 11/5/03 [PAR] S 1: Ep 138 2014/10/03 [PAR] 10/3/14 [PAR] S 2014: Ep 20141002 2014/10/02 [PAR] 10/2/14 [PAR] S 39: Ep 73 GMA 12/11 [PAR] 12/11/13 [PAR] S 1: Ep 3 Wed, Feb 19, 2014 [PAR] 2/19/14 [PAR] S 5: Ep 20131212 Thu, Dec 12, 2013 [PAR] 12/12/13 [PAR] S 33: Ep 65 December 6, 2013 [PAR] 12/6/13 [PAR] S 2: Ep 2 14 January 2012 [PAR] 1/14/12 [PAR] S 6: Ep 25 6th March, 2011 [PAR] 3/6/11 [PAR] S 5: Ep 28 28th March, 2010 [PAR] 3/28/10 [PAR] S 3: Ep 296 Episode #3.296 [PAR] 8/17/10 [PAR] S 6: Ep 210 Emma Thompson/Carlos Alazraqui [PAR] 8/12/10 [PAR] S 3: Ep 38 Emma Thompson/Eamon Walker/Joseph Arthur [PAR] 11/9/06 [PAR] S 2: Ep 83 Emma Thompson/Steve Byrne [PAR] 2/2/06 [PAR] S 22: Ep 143 Thursday 25/3/10 [PAR] 3/25/10 [PAR] S 1: Ep 130 Wednesday 24/3/10 [PAR] 3/24/10 [PAR] S 9: Ep 58 Tuesday 23rd March [PAR] 3/23/10 [PAR] S 2: Ep 47 Monday 30th January [PAR] 1/30/06 [PAR] S 51: Ep 49 Episode 4523 [PAR] 3/23/10 [PAR] S 6: Ep 11 Films & Fame [PAR] 3/6/09 [PAR] S 6: Ep 47 Emma Thompson/Dido [PAR] 11/12/08 [PAR] S 3: Ep 95 Emma Thompson/Blair Underwood/Heather Headley [PAR] 1/27/06 [PAR] S 1: Ep 48 Emma Thompson/George Lopez [PAR] 11/12/03 [PAR] S 30: Ep 3 Robbie Coltrane [PAR] 9/24/06 [PAR] S 2: Ep 95 Episode 270 [PAR] 2/3/06 [PAR] S 7: Ep 21 Monday 30th January [PAR] 1/30/06 [PAR] S 6: Ep 207 Tuesday 18th October [PAR] 10/18/05 [PAR] S 13: Ep 87 Show #2500 [PAR] 1/24/06 [PAR] S 5: Ep 112 Show #0974 [PAR] 3/16/98 [PAR] S 2: Ep 53 Show #0272 [PAR] 11/17/94 [PAR] S 1: Ep 44 Show #0044 [PAR] 10/28/93 [PAR] S 14: Ep 131 Show #3075 [PAR] 1/12/06 [PAR] S 2: Ep 65 Show #307 [PAR] 12/16/97 [PAR] S 5: Ep 8 Emma [PAR] 11/19/97 [PAR] S 68: Ep 1 The 68th Annual Academy Awards [PAR] 3/25/96 [PAR] S 66: Ep 1 The 66th Annual Academy Awards [PAR] 3/21/94 [PAR] S 1: Ep 4 Emma Thompson [PAR] 2/3/94 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Comedy series losing viewers: A sad reality | cleveland.com Comedy series losing viewers: A sad reality | cleveland.com [PAR] Comedy series losing viewers: A sad reality [PAR] comments [PAR] Associated Press file [PAR] If Ricky and Lucy Ricardo could see what's happened to sitcom ratings, they'd probably look like this. Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball in the 1956 \"I Love Lucy\" Christmas special. [PAR] A list of comedies that were No. 1 [PAR] So what are you laughing at? Well, according to the ratings supplied each week by Nielsen Media Research, you're not finding much of anything that tickles the old funny bone. [PAR] The 2008-09 season is about 2 months old, and only one comedy, \"Desperate Housewives,\" is in the top 10. Although filmed on the same Universal Studios back-lot street that was home to \"Leave It to Beaver\" and \"The Munsters,\" ABC's soapy and satirical series is far removed from the classic half-hour sitcom form that prospered in the prime-time neighborhood for so many years. [PAR] So what is America watching? That's easy. Three genres rule the ratings roost: procedural crime dramas (led by No. 1 in total viewers \"C.S.I.\" and accounting for 10 of the top 25), reality shows (led by No. 2 \"Dancing With the Stars\" and accounting for six of the top 25) and medical dramas (with both \"Grey's Anatomy\" and \"House\" making the top 15). [PAR] Do the math. Take away these three genres, and 18 of America's 25 top-rated shows disappear. Where does that leave the sitcom? [PAR] CBS [PAR] This season's top-rated sitcom is \"Two and Half Men,\" and it's 12th overall on the Nielsen list. From left, John Cryer, Charlie Sheen, Angus T. Jones. [PAR] There's just one half-hour comedy in the top 25, Charlie Sheen's \"Two and a Half Men.\" It's the only ratings bright spot for a form that, up to six years ago, was a constant and substantial part of the nation's television diet. [PAR] Compare the current state of comedy to the 1988-89 season, when eight of the top 10 shows were half-hour comedies. Comedy was king, all right, placing a staggering 16 shows among the top 25 that season. [PAR] Twenty seasons later, comedy hasn't merely abdicated its prime-time crown. It has gone into exile. [PAR] You can't even make the excuse that the 1988-89 season was some kind of comedic aberration in the history of television. Seven of the top 10 shows for the 1962-63 season were sitcoms; nine of the top 10 for the 1978-79 season; and eight of the top 10 for the 1991-92 season. [PAR] The country's love affair with the sitcom blossomed during the 1952-53 season, when \"I Love Lucy\" claimed viewers' hearts and the No. 1 spot. It was the first sitcom -- filmed on a soundstage using three cameras and a live audience -- to accomplish this. \"Friends,\" No. 1 for the 2001-02 season, was the last. [PAR] NBC [PAR] \"Friends\" was the last sitcom to be No. 1 for a season -- seven seasons ago. Clockwise from left, Matt Le Blanc, Lisa Kudrow, David Schwimmer, Matthew Perry, Jennifer Aniston and Courteney Cox Arquette. [PAR] Those two victories span 50 television seasons, and a sitcom was the No. 1 show for 24 of them. But there's nothing funny about the numbers being posted by half-hour comedies during the last few seasons. [PAR] Is the sitcom dead? Or is it just comatose, waiting to snap back to consciousness and vitality? [PAR] A genre that needs [PAR] a shaking up? [PAR] \"It's a tough form,\" said writer-comedian Larry Wilmore,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Janet Jackson Sings on Diff'rent Strokes - YouTube Janet Jackson Sings on Diff'rent Strokes - YouTube [PAR] Janet Jackson Sings on Diff'rent Strokes [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 1, 2011 [PAR] The magic is working in the all-singing episode of Diff'rent Strokes[DOC] [TLE] Janet Jackson - Biography.com Janet Jackson - Actress, Producer, Dancer, Singer - Biography.com [PAR] Janet Jackson [PAR] The younger sister of Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson is one of the best-selling artists in contemporary history. Her roster of albums include 'Control,' 'Rhythym Nation,' 'The Velvet Rope' and 'Unbreakable.' [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cIt sounds so selfish to say I, I, I. But it bothers me that some people think someone gave me an image or told me what songs to sing or what clothes to wear. I'm not a robot. I want people to know that I'm real.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWith my friends, their older sisters and brothers would yell at them and tell them to get out and leave them alone and shut up, but my brothers and sisters never did that to me. They always wanted me around. I was a tomboy, actually, and they always told me I\u2019d grow out of it but I told them that I never wanted to and I wouldn\u2019t.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI always write my music based on what is going on in my life at the time. I wanted to allow people in... I want my fans to really know me. The \u2018Janet\u2019 album was sexual and I was beginning to really discover that side of me.\u201d [PAR] \u201c...sex isn't just fire and heat, it's natural beauty. Doing what comes naturally. It's letting go, giving and getting what you need. In the age of AIDS, it certainly requires being responsible. On a psychological level, though, good sex, satisfying sex, is also linked with losing yourself, releasing, using your body to get out of your body.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI come from a sheltered background. And then suddenly I'm off to Minneapolis, and these guys, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, are running around cursing like crazy. That made me so uncomfortable I wanted to go home\u2014until I saw that they meant no harm or offense. They were merely talking the way they talk. They were being funny. They were being real. The problem was with my perception, not with their hearts.\u201d [PAR] \u201c[Michael] loved to laugh. The last time we were together, he'd laugh so hard, he would just start crying. Sometimes his humor would be corny, sometimes dry. He loved the Three Stooges, he loved slapstick, he loved Eddie Murphy in his silly comedies. He loved to have fun. He loved to play.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Janet Jackson [PAR] Janet Jackson - Mini Biography (TV-14; 5:19) A short biography of Janet Jackson, who, as a member of the Jackson Dynasty, started her career as a child actress. But she soon made a career for herself in music, and her videos turned her into a music icon. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born on May 16, 1966, in Gary, Indiana, Janet Jackson is an award-winning recording artist and actress who's the youngest child of the Jackson family of musicians. She is best known for hit singles like \"Nasty,\" \"Love Will Never Do (Without You),\" \"That's the Way Love Goes,\" \"Together"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beverly Hillbillies: Season 3 - Home Theater Info Beverly Hillbillies: Season 3 [PAR] Beverly Hillbillies: Season 3 [PAR] For the most part television sit-coms are a light and fluffy form of family entertainment. During the seventies there were some attempts to make cutting edge and socially relevant shows like \ufffdAll in the Family\ufffd but the general rule of thumb stands that this type of TV programming is silly fun. Sometimes even a show like this can achieve a level of fame that makes it a household name and the proverbial must see television. In 1962 one such series got its start; \ufffdThe Beverly Hillbillies\ufffd. It would become an instant hit and result in several spin off series. At the time critics initially panned the show calling it puerile and foolish but the producers laughed all the way to the bank as the show constantly top the all important ratings. Okay, the show was silly. Even a die hard fan would have to admit this fact. The point is back at that time it was the perfect diversion from what was going on in the world. Vietnam was on the rise and starting to divide the country. There was the aftermath of the McCarthy era and communism was a major concern along with the growing proliferation of nuclear weapons. The last thing the American audience wanted during those couple of hours of prime time was something that required thought. The Hillbillies offered solace from the turbulent world and people gathered around to watch them week after week. There was also the idea that even the poorest among us could strike it rich. This series was the embodiment of the American dream. When the episodes of the start of the series\ufffd run were about to go into public domain CBS overlooked renewing them. As a result there have been some DVD releases of the early seasons and after seeing a few of them the quality is simply not there. They look like they were made from some old video tapes. Actually some old 16mm prints used by small stations for syndication were the source material for many of these unauthorized releases. Thanks to a few mergers and some shifting in distribution rights CBS Paramount is able to release the \ufffdOfficial\ufffd season sets. Last year they started off with the \ufffdOfficial Second Season\ufffd followed no by the third. There still seems to be some residual issues with the first season since I haven\ufffdt seen that one out on CBS Paramount yet. All 34 episodes are included here and they have not been cut for syndication. This is what many of us remember watching with our parents every week. [PAR] The series was created by Paul Henning who was one of the most successful men in the early years of television and maintained his record for hits throughout the sixties. He not only wrote the treatment for the series and many of the episodes he penned the still famous theme song. He goes back to the golden age of television with his work n such successful shows like \ufffdBurns and Allen\ufffd, \ufffdDennis Day\ufffd and \ufffdThe Real McCoys\ufffd. If are of the age that you don\ufffdt remember a time without computers ask your parents or perhaps your grandparents about these shows; they were the staples of our television viewing for many years. Henning would also create the two spin offs of \ufffdHillbillies\ufffd; \ufffdGreen Acres\ufffd and \ufffdPetticoat Junction\ufffd. At one time CSB was considered the rural television network because of Henning\ufffds hit shows. There would later be some backlash for this public perception but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Empty Nest (Series) - TV Tropes Empty Nest (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] Empty Nest [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] YMMV [PAR] Empty Nest was an NBC sitcom which ran from 1988 to 1995. The series began as a spin-off of The Golden Girls , and its pilot ran as an episode of that show (season 2, episode 26), although it was dramatically changed before becoming its own series. Nevertheless, the two households were established as neighbors and characters regularly crossed between the two. Empty Nest was one of the year's top 10 most-watched programs for its first three years. [PAR] The show centered around Dr. Harry Weston (Richard Mulligan), a Miami pediatrician. When Harry's wife passes away, his two adult daughters, neurotic divorcee Carol (Dinah Manoff) and tough party-girl policewoman Barbara (Kristy McNichol) move back in with Harry to help support him. A third daughter was mentioned as being away at college, but was not seen until 1992 - when McNichol left the series due to suffering from bipolar disorder, Emily (Lisa Rieffel) was introduced to the cast for one season. Rounding out the cast was the Westons' wacky, womanizing neighbor Charlie Dietz (David Leisure), Harry's tough Southern nurse Laverne Todd (Park Overall), and Dreyfuss the dog. Estelle Getty also reprised her role as Sophia Patrillo from The Golden Girls and Golden Palace , including as a regular cast member in the final two seasons after Golden Palace ended. Another plot point that occurred around the time the final two seasons began was that Harry and Laverne left the hospital where they initially worked at to work for a struggling inner-city medical clinic run by the tough talking Dr. Maxine Douglas (Marsha Warfield). [PAR] Episodes generally centered around the relationship between Harry and his daughters, who were highly competitive for 'Daddy's' attention. Harry's career as a children's doctor was also a major focus. The series ran for seven seasons and spawned its own spin-off, Nurses, which revolved around a group of nurses whom also worked at the hospital where Harry worked at. However, ratings declined after several cast changes and the loss of The Golden Girls as a lead-in, and the series ended in 1995. [PAR] This series contains examples of: [PAR] Back for the Finale : Barbara, albeit in only a single scene. [PAR] Belligerent Sexual Tension : Given that they slept together and even attempted a relationship, a lot of Charlie and Carol's bickering can be attributed to this. [PAR] Big, Friendly Dog : Dreyfuss [PAR] Big Fun : Deconstructed in More to Love. Danny appears to be this, but is actually a Stepford Smiler . [PAR] Danny: I learned a long time ago that if you're fat and funny, people like having you around - you're a \"great guy.\" But if you're not funny, then all you are is fat. [PAR] The Casanova : Charley [PAR] Composite Character / Suspiciously Similar Substitute : Emily had a lot of the character traits of Barb and Carol. [PAR] Crouching Moron, Hidden Badass : Dumb, goofy Dreyfus instantly goes into attack mode when he senses a prowler outside the house\u2014as does Charley. [PAR] Drop-In Character : Charley would frequently drop into Harry's kitchen just to raid his fridge and hit on his daughters. [PAR] Dropped After the Pilot : As a spin-off to The Golden Girls , almost everything about Empty Nest was dropped after the pilot, including its premise. The pilot starred an older married couple dealing with the fact that their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Married men live longer than single men. But ... - BrainyQuote Married men live longer than single men. But married men are a lot more willing to die. - Johnny Carson - BrainyQuote [PAR] Married men live longer than single men. But married men are a lot more willing to die. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Johnny Carson [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation[DOC] [TLE] Married men live longer than single men. But married me ... Married men live longer than single men. But married me.. @Quotio [PAR] [PAR] Married men live longer than single men. But married men are a lot more willing to die. [PAR] 223 [PAR] Comments [PAR] There are not yet any comments on this quote. Why not register / login and be the first? [PAR] This quote is just one of 17 total Johnny Carson quotes in our collection. Johnny Carson is known for saying 'Married men live longer than single men. But married men are a lot more willing to die.' as well as some of the following quotes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Laverne & Shirley - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos ... Laverne & Shirley - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] Laverne & Shirley [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Laverne and Shirley debuted as a mid-season replacement in January of 1976 and was an instant hit ranking number three in the Nielsen ratings for the 1975-1976 season. [PAR] On Happy Days , Laverne De Fazio and Shirley Feeney were two girls who were love interests for Richie Cunningham and Fonzie. Their occasional appearances led to their own series which takes place in the same city as Happy Days: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during the 1950s and 1960s. [PAR] Laverne and Shirley are lower-society girls who share an apartment and work together at the Shotz Brewery as bottlecappers. Laverne and Shirley are very different people. Laverne is feisty, quick-tempered, and man-hungry while Shirley is more naive and trusting and quite inexperienced when it comes to romance. [PAR] Others in the cast includ Laverne's gruff father, Frank De Fazio, who runs the Pizza Bowl where Laverne and Shirley work on occasion. Edna Babish is the girls' landlady who later marries Frank. Carmine \"The Bag Ragu\" Ragusa is a singer/dancer who has an on-again, off-again romance with Shirley. The other two main characters of the series are the male counterparts of Laverne and Shirley. Lenny Kosnowski and Andrew \"Squiggy\" Squiggman live upstairs in the same apartment building as Laverne and Shirley and, also, work at the brewery. They constantly enter the girls' apartment with an annoying \"hello.\" [PAR] In 1980, the series changed scenery. The girls want something new so they decide to move to California. Lenny and Squiggy follow them along with Frank, Edna, and Carmine. The girls want to get into movies while Frank and Edna open a restaurant, Cowboy Bill's. New characters included stuntman and apartment building manager Sonny St. Jacques and neighbor and model Rhonda Lee. [PAR] In 1982, Cindy Williams left the series with her character marrying Walter Meany, a military man who was assigned overseas. [PAR] Main Title Theme Song \"Making Our Dreams Come True\" - written by Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox; performed by Cyndi Grecco [PAR] ABC Broadcast History January 27, 1976 - July, 1979 ---- Tuesdays ---- 8:30 P.M. August, 1979 - December, 1979 ---- Thursdays ---- 8:00 P.M. December, 1979 - February, 1980 ---- Mondays ---- 8:00 P.M. February, 1980 - May, 1983 ---- Tuesdays ---- 8:30 P.M. [PAR] Nielsen Ratings - Top 30 Season 1 (1975-1976) #3 (27.5) Season 2 (1976-1977) #2 (30.9) Season 3 (1977-1978) #1 (31.6) Season 4 (1978-1979) #1 (30.5) Season 5 (1979-1980) Not In Top 30 Season 6 (1980-1981) #20 (tie) (20.6) Season 7 (1981-1982) #20 (19.9) Season 8 (1982-1983) #25 (17.8) [PAR] Emmy Awards Nominations Outstanding Costume Design for a Series 1979 - Alfred E. Lehman [PAR] (source: Academy of Television Arts & Sciences) [PAR] Golden Globe Awards Nominations Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy 1977 1978 [PAR] Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy 1978 - Cindy Williams 1978 - Penny Marshall 1979 - Penny Marshall 1980 - Penny Marshall [PAR] First Telecast: January 27, 1976 Last Telecast: May 10, 1983 Episodes: 178 color episodes plus one reunion specialmoreless[DOC] [TLE] Laverne & Shirley (TV Series 1976\u20131983) - IMDb Laverne & Shirley (TV Series 1976\u20131983) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Evening Shade - TV.com Evening Shade - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] This gentle rural sitcom, Evening Shade, starred Burt Reynolds as Wood Newton, an ex-pro football star who returned to his Arkansas home town of Evening Shade to coach the high school football team (the Mules), which had not won a game for two years. His wife Ava was elected the town's prosecuting attorney while pregnant with the couple's fourth child. Although their eldest son Taylor was the team quarterback, he inherited little of his father's sporting prowess. Assisting Wood is Herman Stiles, a fragile mathematics teacher uncommonly unsuited to the task of football coaching. Other regulars included cantankerous Dr Elldridge and Ava's father Evan, who disapproves of Wood's laid-back lifestyle and who has never forgiven him for stealing his daughter away at such a young age. (Ava was 18 when she got hitched to the 30-year-old Wood.) The series was narrated by Ossie Davis as Ponder Blue, the laconic and philosophical proprietor of Ponder Blue's Barbecue Villa, around which much of the action takes place. Evening Shade was marked by its sharp writing and measured, almost leisurely pacing, a style dictated by Reynolds with his deliberately understated performance as Newton (he also produced, wrote and directed episodes). (Adapted from BBC description)moreless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Chicken Soup' Is Canceled By ABC After 7 Shows - NYTimes.com 'Chicken Soup' Is Canceled By ABC After 7 Shows - NYTimes.com [PAR] 'Chicken Soup' Is Canceled By ABC After 7 Shows [PAR] By BILL CARTER [PAR] Published: November 8, 1989 [PAR] ABC abruptly canceled ''Chicken Soup'' yesterday, the highest rated new program of the television season. The series, starring Jackie Mason, had its final telecast last night. [PAR] ABC announced that a comedy called ''Coach'' would move into the 9:30 P.M. slot starting Nov. 21. [PAR] Robert A. Iger, the president of the ABC entertainment division, attributed the cancellation of the Mason show to the network's need to ''maximize'' its ratings on Tuesday nights. ''Chicken Soup,'' broadcast at 9:30 P.M. on Tuesday nights, followed ''Roseanne,'' which has been the top-rated show in television so far this season. 'At Least Mildly Surprising' [PAR] Larry Hyams, the director of prime-time audience analysis for ABC, said ''Chicken Soup'' was also more expensive to produce than other comedies. But, he added, the move was ''at least mildly surprising because it was still a top show in household ratings.'' [PAR] Mr. Mason issued a statement yesterday in which he said he was relieved that he could stop playing the character of Jackie Fisher. ''I need to be Jackie Mason,'' he said. [PAR] ''Chicken Soup'' has been consistently losing about a third of the viewers tuned to ''Roseanne.'' Its ratings have also dropped sharply from early in the season. In its opening episode on Sept. 12, the series was the second most popular show of the week, with a 21.8 rating and 34 share. (A rating point represents 921,000 homes; the share is the percentage of viewers watching a given program.) ''Coach,'' which stars Craig T. Nelson, also lost viewers during the summer when it was broadcast after ''Roseanne,'' but the drop in audience was less severe. [PAR] By last week, ''Chicken Soup'' had fallen to 23d place, with a 15.9 rating and 26 share. In addition, in the most recent industry study of the popularity of television shows, ''Chicken Soup'' was the most negatively received program in television, an executive at another network said. [PAR] But for the seven episodes that were broadcast through yesterday, ''Chicken Soup'' averaged an 18.1 rating and 28 share, by far the best showing of any new series on television this fall. [PAR] The move was said to have caught the cast and crew of the program by surprise. They were in the midst of a rehearsal Monday night for a new episode when ABC called the show's producers, Marcy Carsey and Tom Werner, to tell them the show was being canceled. Carsey/Werner is among the most successful comedy production companies in television, with three top-rated series on the air: ''Roseanne'' on ABC ''The Cosby Show'' and ''A Different World'' on NBC. [PAR] Paul Schulman, who heads an agency that buys network time for advertisers, said ''Chicken Soup'' was reducing the audience for the show that follows it on Tuesdays, ''Thirtysomething.'' 'No Problem With Subject Matter' [PAR] ''If 'Chicken Soup' were commercial or funnier it could have survived,'' Mr. Schulman said. ''There was no problem with advertisers pulling out of show. There was no problem with subject matter. There was no problem with audience delivery. ABC just had to feel they could do more in that time period.'' [PAR] Some television critics had questioned whether a series that focused on a love affair between Mr. Mason, who played a retired Jewish pajama salesman, and Lynn Redgrave, who played an Irish Catholic social worker, would be able to"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Now Dudley confronts his demons | Film | The Guardian Now Dudley confronts his demons | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Now Dudley confronts his demons [PAR] TV audience of millions watches as comic reveals fears of imminent death [PAR] Sunday 21 November 1999 06.24 EST [PAR] First published on Sunday 21 November 1999 06.24 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 17 years old [PAR] In his early years as an entertainer, Dudley Moore would amuse his audiences with a rendition of Beethoven's Path\u00e9tique - as played by a pianist losing his memory. Bursts of manic tinkling would be interspersed with lengthening bouts of puzzled hesitation and baffled confusion that eventually descended into musical anarchy. [PAR] It was an amiable, though not necessarily hilarious, routine that perfectly combined Moore's twin talents: as a comic actor blessed with impish charm, and as a pianist of considerable talent. [PAR] Today, that Path\u00e9tique performance has come to haunt the Dagenham-born star - as he revealed to American interviewer Barbara Walters on her 20-20 programme on ABC TV last week. 'I so loved playing and now I can listen but ...' Then he stopped, his hands open in front of him, staring at them in grief. [PAR] It was a deeply unsettling interview in which Moore disclosed for the first time, in a slurred and hesitant voice, that he fully understands his fate. 'I think I am going to die,' he mumbled, propping himself up with a walking stick, pausing and seeming frequently to lose the thread of his thoughts. 'Um... I don't know... I don't think it's going to be, umm... pleasant,' he told Walters. [PAR] Moore is suffering from Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, a rare neurological disorder related to Parkinson's Disease, which took doctors four years to diagnose. Early symptoms include slurred speech, confusion, falling over and difficulty in swallowing, which can cause victims to drown in their own saliva. 'Choking to death must be awful,' said Moore, now aged 64. 'I don't find anything comforting, although my mood is fine now, but...', and he again faltered into silence. [PAR] Moore's appearance on Walters' show is his first in public since his diagnosis. Wearing a baggy blue woolly cardigan, he said: 'I don't feel cheated or bitter. It was good that I had my career before this happened and I did 10 [his 1979 film hit with Bo Derek] and Arthur, and I hope people remember and love me in those roles.' [PAR] In Britain, Moore, the son of a typist and a railway electrician who won a music scholarship to Oxford, is best remembered as Peter Cook's cuddly sidekick on their TV series Not Only... But Also . In the USA, however, he is famed for his romantic comedy leads in films such as the 1981 Hollywood comedy Arthur in which he played a loveable millionaire lush, a role that earned him an Oscar nomination, and provided him with another performance that has come back to haunt him. The staggering, slurred antics of Arthur began to be replayed by Moore himself. The tabloids labelled him an alcoholic, and despite the assurances of his friends that they had never seen him drink to excess, they reported his falls, outbursts, domestic upsets and car crashes. [PAR] Moore said: 'It's amazing that Arthur has invaded my body to the point that I have [seemed] to become him. That's the way people looked at me. But I want people to know I am not intoxicated and... that I am going through this disease as well as I can. But I'm trapped in this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Golden Girls' Most Lasting Legacy | Advocate.com The Golden Girls' Most Lasting Legacy | Advocate.com [PAR] Arts & Entertainment Books [PAR] The Golden Girls' Most Lasting Legacy [PAR] In an exclusive excerpt from Jim Colucci's new book, Golden Girls Forever, the author describes how Dorothy, Rose, Blanche, and Sophia paved the way for shows like Living Single and Looking. [PAR] By Jim Colucci [PAR] April 15 2016 5:03 AM EDT [PAR] The Golden Girls defined a generation\u2019s view of older women, and single-handedly resurrected comedy during primetime on Saturday night. But perhaps the show\u2019s most lasting innovation is the comedy formula it pioneered. Call it the Golden Rule of Four. [PAR] \u201cFour points on a compass,\u201d as Betty White aptly describes them, the characters of Dorothy, Blanche, Rose and Sophia match up to four classic comedic types: respectively, the Brain, the Slut, the Ditz and the Big Mouth. Comedy duos are a classic tradition, but a completely different animal. And while it\u2019s certainly true that three women can work, especially in film \u2013 think 9 to 5 \u2013 having three lead characters in a sitcom might leave one character having to carry the B plot on her own. [PAR] But four leaves us with infinite possibilities. Rose takes Dorothy\u2019s night school class in order to earn her diploma, while Blanche and Sophia compete for a suave Latin lover. Or Blanche and Rose try out for the road show of Cats while Dorothy tries to prove that her mother is faking her injury. [PAR] Having popularized The Golden Rule of Four, The Golden Girls is the thematic ancestor of many shows that followed. Only one year after The Golden Girls\u2019 premiere, along came the Southern version (Designing Women), followed in the 1990s by the Black version (Living Single) and the Urban (Sex and the City.) In recent years, the formula has shown a resurgence in popularity, spawning a suburban version (Desperate Housewives), a middle-aged version (Hot in Cleveland), a Latina version (Devious Maids) and, inevitably, more than one gay version (Noah\u2019s Arc and Looking.) [PAR] In Designing Women, which launched in 1986, vain Southern beauty queen Suzanne Sugarbaker would certainly sense sisterhood with Blanche. And apart from the difference in accents, Charlene Frazier\u2019s hometown of Poplar Bluff, Missouri could easily be mistaken for Rose\u2019s birthplace of St. Olaf, Minnesota. Suzanne\u2019s older sister Julia is clearly the Dorothy of the group \u2013 smart, opinionated and prone to speak her mind. Only Annie Potts\u2019 character of Mary Jo Shively is no easy match to a Golden Girl, perhaps because at the start, Mary Jo was the show\u2019s least defined character. Over seven seasons, Mary Jo essentially became a mini-Julia, another Dorothy. So it\u2019s no surprise that, after his initial appearance in an early first season episode (and also after actor Meshach Taylor\u2019s small role in the Golden Girls pilot), Designing Women quickly promoted African-American delivery man Anthony Bouvier to regular status; like Sophia, he provides needed commentary from an outsider\u2019s perspective (this time due to race and gender rather than age). [PAR] Starting in 1993 on FOX, Living Single was almost a direct copy of The Golden Girls \u2013 and in fact, as Golden Girls writer Kevin Abbott explains, the show\u2019s creator Yvette Lee Bowser even asked him for a copy of the Golden Girls pilot script, to use as a template. Living Single\u2019s characters of Khadijah and Synclaire James and Regine Hunter fit perfectly into the molds established by Dorothy, Rose and Blanche, respectively. Again, only the Sophia role seems hard to fill, perhaps because when creating a show"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sesame Street funding: Why is Big Bird on PBS, anyway? Big Bird has suddenly taken center stage in the presidential campaign [PAR] Courtesy of TM and \u00a92009 Sesame Workshop. [PAR] Big Bird has emerged as the surprise star of the 2012 campaign. Mitt Romney says he likes Big Bird but wants to cut federal funding to PBS, while the big yellow bird has appeared in an ad made by President Obama\u2019s campaign. Why is Sesame Street on public television, anyway? [PAR] Because the networks turned it down. In 1967, a couple of years before the first episode of Sesame Street aired on PBS, one of the co-founders of the Children\u2019s Television Workshop pitched the concept to executives at NBC and CBS. They both passed on the opportunity, as did Time-Life Broadcasting and Westinghouse. The problem wasn\u2019t that the show was for children: Captain Kangaroo had already been a modest success on CBS for 12 years, and the networks had offered periodic programming for preschoolers. But Children\u2019s Television Workshop was a somewhat revolutionary idea in 1967. It had a strongly academic bent, drawing together child psychiatrists and child-development researchers from the ivory tower in a way that suggested profit wasn\u2019t their motivation. Its executives also refused to allow commercials to interrupt the program, although they were open to ads at the beginning and end. The Children\u2019s Television Workshop leadership also insisted that the show focus on disadvantaged urban kids, rejecting calls from television producers that they broaden the target demographic to all preschool children. [PAR] PBS desperately needed a winner in the late 1960s and was willing to take a chance. Some PBS programming was so poor that the New York Times television critic noted, \u201ccongressmen could scarcely be blamed for wondering if a huge permanent investment in noncommercial video is warranted.\u201d Sesame Street was exactly the kind of innovative show that could change the narrative about public broadcasting. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] It\u2019s an odd quirk of history that Bert and Ernie\u2019s first-ever television appearance came not on PBS, but in a preview on NBC. And commercialism was the first thing viewers saw: A Muppet noted that Xerox had sponsored the preview, in a move that infuriated some Sesame Street executives. [PAR] Sesame Street has always had an uncomfortable relationship with money. After the show became a smash success, producers worried that the foundations that paid to get the show off the ground would expect it to sustain itself. Some executives adamantly opposed any attempt at merchandising. Even Jim Henson, who was already making money merchandising his comedic Muppets, opposed doing the same with more the educational Sesame Street characters. Eventually, however, the prospect of become a self-financing model convinced most of the creators that Oscar the Grouch dolls wouldn\u2019t tarnish the program. [PAR] Got a question about today\u2019s news? Ask the Explainer . [PAR] Brian Palmer covers science and medicine for Slate.[DOC] [TLE] Sesame Street - Muppet Wiki - Wikia Sesame Street | Muppet Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Elmo's World: Friends from Season 37 [PAR] The main cast from Season 40 [PAR] Sesame Street is an educational television program designed for preschoolers, and is recognized as a pioneer of the contemporary standard which combines education and entertainment in children's television shows. Sesame Street also provided the first daily, national television showcase for Jim Henson's Muppets. In 2009, the series celebrated its 40th anniversary , making it one of the longest-running shows in television history. The series has now produced over 4,400 episodes . [PAR] Sesame Street is produced in the United States by Sesame Workshop"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Family Affair (TV Series 1966\u20131971) - IMDb Family Affair (TV Series 1966\u20131971) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Bill Davis is a highly paid and successful engineer living in a large apartment in New York with his valet, Mr. Giles French . His life is suddenly changed when his niece, Buffy shows up. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Jody and Buff's school teacher is out for a few days, and there is a substitute teacher. Jody develops a crush on her. [PAR] 9.3 [PAR] Cissy is taking an art class and has been drawing caricature images of the family members, but does not mention one for Mr French. He is hurt at being left out, however, Cissy has his picture and ... [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] Bill thinks living in the city is not good for the children, and considers moving to the country. [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 08 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Search for \" Family Affair \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Family Affair (1966\u20131971) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 1 win & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Widower Steve Douglas raises three sons with the help of his father-in-law, and is later aided by the boys' great-uncle. An adopted son, a stepdaughter, wives, and another generation of sons join the loving family in later seasons. [PAR] Stars: Fred MacMurray, Stanley Livingston, Don Grady [PAR] Widower Tom Corbett raises his young son Eddie. [PAR] Stars: Bill Bixby, Brandon Cruz, Miyoshi Umeki [PAR] The humourous adventures of a family of pop musicians. [PAR] Stars: Shirley Jones, David Cassidy, Susan Dey [PAR] This comedy drama focused on a family with eight very independent children. [PAR] Stars: Dick Van Patten, Lani O'Grady, Connie Needham [PAR] The misadventures of a suburban boy, family and friends. [PAR] Stars: Jerry Mathers, Hugh Beaumont, Barbara Billingsley [PAR] A New York City attorney and his wife attempt to live as genteel farmers in the bizarre community of Hooterville. [PAR] Stars: Eddie Albert, Eva Gabor, Tom Lester [PAR] Cathy Lane, teen-aged daughter of a globe-trotting journalist, comes to live at the home of her uncle, a newspaper editor in New York City. Curiously, Cathy is the spitting image of her ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Patty Duke, Jean Byron, William Schallert [PAR] Danny Williams, a successful nightclub singer, encounters a variety of difficult or amusing situations in trying to balance his career with his family: his outspoken wife Kathy, teenage ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Danny Thomas, Rusty Hamer, Marjorie Lord [PAR] A wacky alien comes to Earth to study its residents, and the life of the human woman he boards with is never the same. [PAR] Stars: Robin Williams, Pam Dawber, Ralph James [PAR] A nouveau riche hillbilly family moves to Beverly Hills and shakes up the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Logie Baird FRSE - geni family tree John Logie Baird (1888 - 1946) - Genealogy [PAR] John Logie Baird [PAR] Aug 14 1888 - Helensburgh Scotland [PAR] Death: [PAR] June 14 1946 - Bexhill, Sussex, England [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Rev John Baird, Jessie Morrison Baird [PAR] Sibling: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...OF TELEVISION DIES London June 14 fP John L Baird 58 known in England as the father of died in his sleep today from what his physi ci... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...Yhits Atone John Baird, 59, known in England the \"father, of television, \".died in. his sleep to- day from what h.is. physician catte... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Aug 13 1888 - Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scotland [PAR] Death: [PAR] June 14 1946 - Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, England [PAR] Parents: [PAR] John Baird, Jessie Morrison Baird (born Inglis) [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Margaret Cecilia Baird (born Albu) [PAR] Children: [PAR] Compilation of Published Sources [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... JOHN L. BAIRD, 58, British television pioneer, died June 14 at his home at Bexhill, Sussex. He produced one of the first practical tel... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...'. Baird, television pioneer, died in London yesterday. He suffered a general breakdown in health after an influenza attack in Februa... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 17 1946 - Launceston, Tasmania, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... later. | DEATH OF TELEVISION PIONEER LONDON, Friday. - Mr. John L ... . Baird, television pioneer, died to-day Bo suffered a general bre... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 15 1946 - , Tasmania, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...plan of social services to Parliament DEATH OF MR. J. L. BAIRD British Pioneer Of Television LONDON, June 14.\u2014AAP. The death has occu... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 15 1946 - Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...DEATH OF MR. J. L. BAIRD London, June 14. \u2014 Mr. John L. Baird, inventor of the televisor, the first practical television appa ratus f... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 15 1946 - Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...PIONEER. MR. JOHN L. BAIRD DEAD. Ill Since Last February. LONDON, June 14.-The death occurred today of Mr. Jodn Logie Baird, the Brit... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 15 1946 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] About John Logie Baird FRSE [PAR] FRSE= Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (aka Royal Society of Edinburgh) [PAR] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Logie_Baird [PAR] John Logie Baird FRSE (14 August 1888 \u2013 14 June 1946) was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first practical, publicly demonstrated television system, and also the world's first fully electronic colour television tube. He is often known as \"the father of television\". Although Baird's electromechanical system was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems (such as those of Vladimir Zworykin, Marconi-EMI, and Philo Farnsworth), Baird's early successes demonstrating working television broadcasts and his color and cinema television work earn him a prominent place in television's invention. [PAR] In 2002, Logie Baird was ranked number 44 in the BBC's list of the \"100 Greatest Britons\" following a UK-wide vote. In 2006, Logie Baird was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history, having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. The \"Baird\" brand name was first owned by Thorn-EMI and is now owned and used by the Brighthouse retail chain in the UK as a brand name for its televisions. [PAR] Early years [PAR] Baird was born"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Addams Family - Addams Family Wiki - Wikia The Addams Family | Addams Family Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Addams Family is a group of fictional characters created by American cartoonist Charles Addams . Addams Family characters include Gomez , Morticia , Uncle Fester , Lurch , Grandmama , Wednesday and Pugsley . [PAR] The Addamses are a satirical inversion of the ideal American family; an eccentric, wealthy clan who delight in the macabre and are unaware that people find them bizarre or frightening. They originally appeared as a series of single panel cartoons, published in The New Yorker between 1938 and Addams's 1988 death. They have since been adapted to other media, including television series (both live action and animated), films, video games, and a musical . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Addams's original cartoons were one-panel gags. The characters were undeveloped and unnamed until later versions. [PAR] \u201c [PAR] Gomez and Pugsley are enthusiastic. Morticia is even in disposition, muted, witty, sometimes deadly. Grandma Frump is foolishly good-natured. Wednesday is her mother's daughter. A closely knit family, the real head being Morticia\u2014although each of the others is a definite character \u2014 except for Grandma, who is easily led. Many of the troubles they have as a family are due to Grandma\u2019s fumbling, weak character. The house is a wreck, of course, but this is a house-proud family just the same and every trap door is in good repair. Money is no problem. [1] [PAR] \u201d [PAR] \u2014 Charles Addams [PAR] The family appears to be a single surviving branch of the Addams clan. Many other \"Addams families\" exist all over the world. According to the film version, the family credo is, Sic gorgiamus allos subjectatos nunc (pseudo-Latin: \"We gladly feast on those who would subdue us\"). Charles Addams was first inspired by his home town of Westfield, New Jersey, an area full of ornate Victorian mansions and archaic graveyards. [2] [PAR] They live in a gloomy mansion adjacent to a cemetery and a swamp at 0001 Cemetery Lane. In The New Addams Family, the address was changed to 1313 Cemetery Lane. [3] In the Addams Family musical , first shown in Chicago in 2009, the house is located in Central Park. [4] [PAR] Although they share macabre interests, the Addamses are not evil. They are a close-knit extended family. Morticia is an exemplary mother, and she and Gomez remain passionate towards each other. She calls him \"Bubele\", [5] to which he responds by kissing her arms, behavior Morticia can also provoke by speaking a few words in French (the meaning is not important \u2014 any French will do). The parents are supportive of their children. The family is friendly and hospitable to visitors, in some cases willing to donate large sums of money to causes, despite the visitors' horror at the Addams's peculiar lifestyle. [PAR] Addams Family characters [PAR] Main article: Gomez Addams [PAR] Gomez Addams was the master of the Addams household and the Addams patriarch, married to Morticia and the father of Wednesday and Pugsley . In the 60's sitcom, he was Grandmama's son, but this was retconned in the 1991 film, and he became Grandmama's son-in-law instead, staying true to the comics. Also retconned in the films, he became the younger brother of Fester instead of his nephew-in-law. In the original cartoons in the New Yorker, he appeared tubby, snub-nosed and with a receding chin. [PAR] In the 1960s television series, Gomez was portrayed as a naive, handsome, and successful man, although with a childlike, eccentric enthusiasm for everything he did."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Godzilla: The Original Animated Series - Episode Guide ... Godzilla: The Original Animated Series - Episode Guide - TV.com [PAR] Godzilla: The Original Animated Series [PAR] Follow [PAR] NBC Premiered Jan 01, 2010 Unknown [PAR] USER EDITOR [PAR] 12/2/78 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] The Calico faces certain destruction when it gets warped in time all the way back to prehistory. They meet a tribe of cavemen but are confronted with a T-Rex and they have to scramble to figure out what to do. A little bit of luck gets them back to the present. Can Godzilla save the day?moreless [PAR] 11/25/78 [PAR] 9.5 [PAR] This episode of The Sub-Zero Terror featured Captain Majors and the team taking a trip to the Himalayas and finding a lost tribe of bigfoot hiding in a dorment volcano. The bigfoot's leader, the Great Watchuka, has a plan to conquer the world and only Godzilla can stop them. [PAR] 11/18/78 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] The Calico is in trouble again, this time from the Breeder Beast, a huge, tricky golden blob that feasts on gold and silver. When it attacks the ship with its tentacles, it is mutant versus mutant. When Godzilla comes to the rescue and he'll need to use every trick in the book to triumph.moreless [PAR] 11/11/78 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] A giant, turtle-like mutant threatens an oil rig in Antarctica and the Calico investigates. When the menacing monster attacks the ship by drawing it in with his powerful magnetic rays, the crew's lives are in danger. Godzilla has to think fast to save them and the rest of the world from this monster.moreless [PAR] 11/4/78 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] Island of Lost Ships is the ninth episode from the first season of Godzilla: The Original Animated Series (1978). The animated series follows the adventures of four sea explorers, which include Captain Carl Majors, scientist Darien Quinn, her nephew Pete and the team's first mate, Brock. In Island of Lost Ships, the crew embarks on a trip to a remote island in the Greek Isles, only to find out later that this island only appears once every 1000 years. With a previous history of lost ships, a monster soon arises that makes it difficult for the crew to flee.moreless [PAR] 5/31/10 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] A violent magnetic storm sends the Calico crashing into the reef of an unchartered island. When the storm passes, the crew realizes that they're trapped by a magnetic force field...and they're not alone! [PAR] 10/21/78 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] The Colossus of Atlantis is the seventh episode from the first season of Godzilla: The Original Animated Series (1978). The animated series follows the adventures of four sea explorers, which include Captain Carl Majors, scientist Darien Quinn, her nephew Pete and the team's first mate, Brock. In The Colossus of Atlantis, the city of Atlantis rises to the surface and the crew enjoys the opportunity to meet its inhabitants. Danger soon arises, however, when a robot built to guard the city malfunctions and becomes a threat to the city.moreless [PAR] 10/16/78 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] The Energy Beast is the sixth episode from the first season of Godzilla: The Original Animated Series (1978). The original animation follows the adventures of a sea crew of four explorers, including Captain Carl Majors, scientist Darien Quinn, her nephew Pete and the Calico vessel's first mate, Brock. In the Energy Beast, the crew comes face to face with Godzilla after a myserious spaceship lands on earth and reports of a giant alien sighting surface.moreless [PAR] 10/7/78 [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] The Seaweed Monster is the fifth episode from"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Happy 25th Anniversary, 'Roseanne'! 25 Things You Didn't ... Happy 25th Anniversary, 'Roseanne'! 25 Things You Didn't Know About the Classic Sitcom [PAR] Happy 25th Anniversary, 'Roseanne'! 25 Things You Didn't Know About the Classic Sitcom [PAR] kimp [PAR] Pin it [PAR] Share [PAR] It was on Oct. 18, 1988, 25 years ago, that \"Roseanne\" debuted, introducing viewers to the most relatable working-class family since the Kramdens and the Nortons tried to eke out a city living in \"The Honeymooners.\" [PAR] \"Roseanne,\" which was a hit for ABC right out of the gate, was also a boon for comedians \u2014 Roseanne started a streak of standups being offered their own network sitcoms \u2014 and for female-centric series. Much would be made of her offscreen behavior \u2014 the marriages and divorces, the warring with writers and producers (and the cast of another hit sitcom; see below), and that notorious national anthem performance \u2014 but Roseanne fought for smart, honest, groundbreaking storylines on her show, and for at least six seasons, that's what viewers got. [PAR] Gems like \"PMS, I Love You,\" \"Nightmare on Oak Street,\" \"Inherit the Wind,\" \"April Fool's Day,\" \"Trick or Treat,\" and \"Home-Ec\" found Roseanne and the rest of the Conner clan hilariously dissecting everything from PMS, puberty, and flatulence to filing taxes, Halloween, and the budgetary wizardry necessary to run a family on a very small income. Both Roseanne and co-star Laurie Metcalf won Emmys for their performances, while male lead John Goodman, as Roseanne's husband, Dan, certainly should have racked up at least a few wins during the seven times he was nominated. [PAR] Despite its hit status, fine performances, and often-stellar writing, \"Roseanne\" never received an Outstanding Comedy Series Emmy nod. But its place among TV's all-time great comedies is sealed, and we celebrate the show with this list of 25 things you didn't know about \"Roseanne\": [PAR] 1. Oscar and Emmy winner Shelley Winters played Roseanne Conner's grandmother \u2014 Nana Mary \u2014 in 10 episodes of the series, and Roseanne said that having Winters on set was like getting a crash course in Hollywood history every time. \"If she had only a line in the show, she would end up acting out an entire scene from an old classic she had been in, or else she would start telling sex stories of Hollywood, or else she would tell us secrets about Marilyn Monroe and the Kennedys, as she had been Marilyn's roommate for a number of years,\" Roseanne wrote in her 2011 book, \"Roseannearchy: Dispatches From the Nut Farm.\" \"She did everything like that for hours. The only thing she didn't do is ever once say her line right. I loved that part. It was hilarious to me, and I enjoyed her so much.\" [PAR] 2. Series co-creator Matt Williams \u2014 who famously feuded with Roseanne, prompting her to insist that he was the show's \"developer,\" not creator \u2014 says the star and Goodman, who played Conner family patriarch Dan, slid into their roles in the audition. \"We brought him in the room; he looked at Roseanne and said, 'Scoot over.' She said, 'Shut up,' he plopped down, and it was like they had been married for 16 years,\" Williams told Entertainment Weekly in 2008. [PAR] Read More [PAR] 3. Glenn Quinn, who played Becky's husband, Mark, was most famous for his role on \"Roseanne,\" but he also starred in \"Angel\" and was Gwyneth Paltrow's first onscreen kiss, in the 1991 movie \"Shout\" (which also starred Jon Travolta and Heather Graham). Quinn, who turned a one-episode stint into a seven-season role, died"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emiliano Zapata - Wikiquote Emiliano Zapata - Wikiquote [PAR] Emiliano Zapata [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] I want to die a slave to principles . Not to men. [PAR] The land belongs to those who work it with their hands . [PAR] Ignorance and obscurantism have never produced anything other than flocks of slaves for tyranny . [PAR] \u00a1Tierra y Libertad! [PAR] Land and Liberty ! [PAR] A slogan popularized by Zapata, quoted in Tierra y Libertad (1920) published by Imprenta Germinal; further attributed to Zapata in works in the 1930s and later, including, Without History: Subaltern Studies, the Zapatista Insurgency, and the Specter of History (2010) by Jos\u00e9 Rabasa, p. 122, where the influence of the anarchist Ricardo Flores Mag\u00f3n on its development is also attested. [PAR] I want to die a slave to principles . Not to men . [PAR] As quoted in Heroes of Mexico (1969) by Morris Rosenblum, p. 112 [PAR] Prefiero morir de pie que vivir de rodillas. [PAR] I'd rather die on my feet, than live on my knees. [PAR] As quoted in Liberation Theologies in North America and Europe\u200e (1979) by Gerald H. Anderson and Thomas F. Stransky, p. 281; this is sometimes misattributed to the more modern revolutionary, Che Guevara , and to \"La Pasionaria\" Dolores Ib\u00e1rruri , especially in Spain, where she popularized it in her famous speeches during the Spanish Civil War, to Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed , and to Aeschylus who is credited with a similar declaration in Prometheus Bound : \"For it would be better to die once and for all than to suffer pain for all one's life.\" The phrase \"better that we should die on our feet rather than live on our knees\" was spoken by Fran\u00e7ois-No\u00ebl Gracchus Babeuf in his defence of the Conspiracy of Equals in April 1797. In French it read, 'Ne vaut-il pas mieux emporter la gloire de n'avoir pas survecu a la servitude?' but translated this bears no resemblance whatever to the quote under discussion. see: The Defense of Gracchus Babeuf Before the High Court of Vendome (1967), edited and translated by John Anthony Scott, p. 88 and p. 90, n. 12. [PAR] Spanish variants: [PAR] \u00a1Prefiero morir de pie que vivir siempre arrodillado! [PAR] I'd prefer to die standing, than to live always on my knees. [PAR] As quoted in Operaci\u00f3n Cobra : historia de una gesta rom\u00e1ntica (1988) by Alvaro Pablo Ortiz and Oscar Lara, p. 29 [PAR] Variant translations: [PAR] Men of the South! It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees! [PAR] With an extension, as quoted in Timeless Mexico (1944) by Hudson Strode, p. 259 [PAR] I would rather die standing than live on my knees! [PAR] It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees! [PAR] I prefer to die standing than to live forever kneeling. [PAR] Prefer death on your feet to living on your knees. [PAR] La tierra es de quien la trabaja con sus manos. [PAR] The land belongs to those who work it with their hands. [PAR] Quoted as a slogan of the revolutionaries in Shirt-Sleeve Diplomat (1947) Vol. 5, p. 199, by Josephus Daniels, and specifically attributed to Zapata by \u00c1ngel Z\u00fa\u00f1iga in 1998, as quoted in Mexican Social Movements and the Transition to Democracy (2005), by John Stolle-McAllister [PAR] Ignorance and obscurantism have never produced anything other than flocks of slaves for tyranny . [PAR] Remarks in regard to Pancho Villa , as quoted in The Unknown Lore of Amexem's Indigenous People : An Aboriginal Treatise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tanganyika | historical state, Tanzania | Britannica.com Tanganyika | historical state, Tanzania | Britannica.com [PAR] historical state, Tanzania [PAR] Mauryan empire [PAR] Tanganyika, historical eastern African state that in 1964 merged with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, later renamed the United Republic of Tanzania. (See Tanzania .) [PAR] Archaeological evidence attests to a long history of settlement in the area; by the 10th century ce, it was inhabited by Asian and Arab traders and Bantu -speaking peoples. The Portuguese gained control of the coastline in the late 15th century, but they were driven out by the Arabs of Oman and Zanzibar in the late 18th century. German colonists entered the area in the 1880s, and in 1891 the Germans declared the region a protectorate as part of German East Africa . During World War I , Britain captured the German holdings, which became a British mandate (1920) under the name Tanganyika Territory. Britain retained control of the region after World War II , when it became a United Nations trust territory. Tanganyika gained independence on Dec. 9, 1961, and became a republic one year later. On April 26, 1964, it joined with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. [PAR] Eastern Africa as partitioned by the imperial powers, c. 1914. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Tanzania [PAR] East African country situated just south of the Equator. Tanzania was formed as a sovereign state in 1964 through the union of the theretofore separate states of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Mainland Tanganyika covers more than 99 percent of the combined territories\u2019 total area. Mafia Island is... [PAR] Zanzibar (island, Tanzania) [PAR] island in the Indian Ocean, lying 22 miles (35 km) off the coast of east-central Africa. In 1964 Zanzibar, together with Pemba Island and some other smaller islands, joined with Tanganyika on the mainland to form the United Republic of Tanzania. Area 600 square miles (1,554 square km). Pop. (2007... [PAR] Bantu languages [PAR] a group of some 500 languages belonging to the Bantoid subgroup of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Bantu languages are spoken in a very large area, including most of Africa from southern Cameroon eastward to Kenya and southward to the southernmost tip of the... [PAR] 5 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] role of Nyerere (in Julius Nyerere ) [PAR] history of [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry Ford Is Dead at 83 in Dearborn - The New York Times Henry Ford Is Dead at 83 in Dearborn [PAR] Henry Ford Is Dead at 83 in Dearborn [PAR] By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS [PAR] DETROIT, April 7--Henry Ford, noted automotive pioneer, died at 11:40 tonight at the age of 83. He had retired a little more than a year and a half ago from active direction of the great industrial empire he founded in 1903. [PAR] When he retired Mr. Ford was in excellent health, but turned over the management of the vast empire to his grandson. Henry Ford 2d, because, he said, he wanted to devote more time to personal interests. [PAR] Death came to the famed industrialist at his estate in Fairlane, in suburban Dearborn, not far from where he was born in 1863. At the Ford Company news bureau offices it was said that the exact cause of death would not be known until Henry Ford 2d, his grandson, could reach the family home, perhaps within an hour. [PAR] Mr. Ford was reported to have been in excellent health when he returned only a week ago from his annual winter visit to the Ford estate in Georgia. [PAR] Kept Interest in Research [PAR] The automobile industry leader dropped completely out of the management of the far-flung Ford Company when he resigned as president late in 1945. He had been able to spend some time each week at the Ford engineering laboratory, where he maintained a private office and workshop, but was rarely seen about the administration building, where affairs of the big company were directed. [PAR] There were many reports that the elder Ford had given up his leadership of the Ford interests at the insistence of other members of his family, particularly the widow of his only son, the late Edsel B. Ford. Although never confirmed officially, reports had it that she was dissatisfied with the course of company affairs. [PAR] He leaves a widow, the former Clara Bryant, whom he married in 1887, and two grandsons, Henry 2d and Benson. [PAR] Father of Mass Production [PAR] Henry Ford was the founder of modern American industrial mass production methods, built on the assembly line and the belt conveyor system, which no less an authority than Marshal Josef Stalin testified were the indispensable foundation for an Allied military victory in the Second World War. [PAR] Mr. Ford had many other distinctions. As the founder and unchallenged master of an industrial empire with assets of more than a billion dollars, he was one of the richest men in the world. He was the apostle of an economic philosophy of high wages and short hours that had immense repercussions on American thinking. He was a patron of American folkways and in later years acquired a reputation as a shrewd, kindly sage. But these were all relatively minor compared with the revolutionary importance of his contribution to modern productive processes. [PAR] His career was one of the most astonishing in industrial history. Nearing the age of 40 he was looked upon as a failure by his acquaintances--as a day-dreaming mechanic who preferred to tinker with odd machines than to work steadily at a responsible job. Yet within a dozen years he was internationally famous, and his Model T automobile was effecting changes in the American way of life of profound importance. [PAR] He lived to see the Ford Motor Company, which he founded with an initial investment of $28,000 put up by a few friends and neighbors who had faith in him, produce more than 29,000,000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Foreigner Shares Heartfelt Tribute Following Death Of ... Foreigner Shares Heartfelt Tribute Following Death Of Original Bassist, Ed Gagliardi \u00ab K-EARTH 101 [PAR] Promotional studio portrait of American rock group Foreigner, 1977. (L-R): Lou Gramm, Ian McDonald, Al Greenwood, Mick Jones, Dennis Elliot. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images (Gagliardi second from left) [PAR] Fans are mourning the loss of original bassist of Foreigner, Ed Gagliardi, who passed away Sunday, May 11th after eight years of battling cancer, reports Ultimate Classic Rock . He was 62. [PAR] Gagliardi\u2019s daughter broke the news of his passing in a message to fans on the bassist\u2019s Facebook fan page writing, \u201cNow that information has circulated, I would like to prevent misinformation and be the one to let everyone know that my father, Ed Gagliardi, passed away tonight at 7:40, after 8 years of battling cancer. There are no words. We appreciate your prayers and well wishes. We are shocked and heartbroken, thank you for your loyal fandom of an amazing man. I love you Daddy.\u201d [PAR] Gagliardi was part of Foreigner\u2019s original lineup from 1976 to 1979 with founding members Lou Gramm, guitarist Mick Jones, keyboardist Al Greenwood, drummer Dennis Elliott and Ian McDonald. He was part of the group\u2019s early success on its self-titled 1977 debut that spawned hit singles \u201cFeels Like The First Time\u201d and \u201cCold As Ice\u201d as well as the 1978 follow up Double Vision featuring hit songs \u201cHot Blooded\u201d and \u201cDouble Vision.\u201d [PAR] Gagliardi left the band in 79 over creative differences with Jones just before recording 1979\u2019s Head Games. He later formed a new group Spys with former band mate Greenwood and released two albums (1982\u2032s Spys and 1983\u2032s Behind Enemy Lines) before disbanding. [PAR] After word got out of his passing, Foreigner shared a touching photo in his memory on its official Twitter account Monday, adding that the photo was taken at the band\u2019s very first show. [PAR] R.I.P. Ed Gagliardi, you will be missed pic.twitter.com/TDj7hAPptN"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EAGLES LYRICS - Hotel California - Song Lyrics from A to Z EAGLES LYRICS - Hotel California [PAR] EAGLES LYRICS [PAR] On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair [PAR] Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air [PAR] Up ahead in the distance, I saw a shimmering light [PAR] My head grew heavy and my sight grew dim [PAR] I had to stop for the night [PAR] There she stood in the doorway; [PAR] I heard the mission bell [PAR] And I was thinking to myself, [PAR] \"This could be Heaven or this could be Hell\" [PAR] Then she lit up a candle and she showed me the way [PAR] There were voices down the corridor, [PAR] I thought I heard them say... [PAR] Welcome to the Hotel California [PAR] Such a lovely place (Such a lovely place) [PAR] Such a lovely face [PAR] Plenty of room at the Hotel California [PAR] Any time of year (Any time of year) [PAR] You can find it here [PAR] Her mind is Tiffany-twisted, she got the Mercedes bends [PAR] She got a lot of pretty, pretty boys she calls friends [PAR] How they dance in the courtyard, sweet summer sweat. [PAR] Some dance to remember, some dance to forget [PAR] So I called up the Captain, [PAR] \"Please bring me my wine\" [PAR] He said, \"We haven't had that spirit here since nineteen sixty nine\" [PAR] And still those voices are calling from far away, [PAR] Wake you up in the middle of the night [PAR] Just to hear them say... [PAR] Welcome to the Hotel California [PAR] Such a lovely place (Such a lovely place) [PAR] Such a lovely face [PAR] They livin' it up at the Hotel California [PAR] What a nice surprise (what a nice surprise) [PAR] Bring your alibis [PAR] The pink champagne on ice [PAR] And she said \"We are all just prisoners here, of our own device\" [PAR] And in the master's chambers, [PAR] They gathered for the feast [PAR] They stab it with their steely knives, [PAR] But they just can't kill the beast [PAR] Last thing I remember, I was [PAR] Running for the door [PAR] I had to find the passage back [PAR] To the place I was before [PAR] \"Relax, \" said the night man, [PAR] \"We are programmed to receive. [PAR] You can check-out any time you like, [PAR] But you can never leave! \" [PAR] Visit www.azlyrics.com for these lyrics. [PAR] Thanks to Franny, Douglas for correcting these lyrics."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Katharine Hepburn - Awards - IMDb Katharine Hepburn - Awards - IMDb [PAR] Katharine Hepburn [PAR] Showing all 27 wins and 36 nominations [PAR] Academy Awards, USA [PAR] On Golden Pond (1981) [PAR] Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. Presenter Jon Voight accepted the award ... More [PAR] Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. Presenter Jon Voight accepted the award on her behalf. [PAR] The Lion in Winter (1968) [PAR] Tied with Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl (1968). Hepburn became the third performer to win ... More [PAR] Tied with Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl (1968). Hepburn became the third performer to win consecutive awards, and the first to win three awards for lead roles. Anthony Harvey , the film's director, accepted the award on her behalf. [PAR] Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. George Cukor accepted the award on her ... More [PAR] Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. George Cukor accepted the award on her behalf. [PAR] Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. [PAR] Golden Globes, USA [PAR] Lifetime Achievement Award in Comedy [PAR] American Movie Awards [PAR] Tied with Faye Dunaway for Bonnie and Clyde (1967). [PAR] Golden Apple Awards [PAR] Golden Apple [PAR] Female Star of the Year [PAR] After many decades she is still a superstar whose vitality and ability were displayed this year in ... More [PAR] After many decades she is still a superstar whose vitality and ability were displayed this year in her Emmy-award winning Love Among the Ruins (1975) and Rooster Cogburn (1975). She has throughout the years earned the respect of her peers, the press and the public. [PAR] Hasty Pudding Theatricals, USA[DOC] [TLE] Katharine Hepburn Won Four Oscars ... - Hollywood Reporter Katharine Hepburn Won Four Oscars, Never Recevied Them At Show | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] Katharine Hepburn Won Four Oscars, Never Recevied Them At Show [PAR] 12:33 PM PST 2/8/2011 by Bill Higgins [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] During her 66-year acting career, Katharine Hepburn won four Oscars, but she never came to a ceremony to receive them. \u201cAs for me, prizes are nothing,\u201d she once said. \u201cMy prize is my work.\u201d Still, four best actress \u2014 or actor \u2014 awards is an unbeaten feat, akin to Wilt Chamberlain scoring 100 points in an NBA game. Hepburn\u2019s first came for 1933\u2019s Morning Glory, whose title derived from whether her actress character would have a long career or fade \u201clike a morning glory.\u201d And Hepburn\u2019s award winning did fade: She went from a 26-year-old phenom getting a statuette for her third film to being labeled \u201cbox-office poison\u201d in a 1938 exhibitors poll. [PAR] [pullquote] [PAR] During the decades before her next Oscar wins, she made critics swoon over such films as Bringing Up Baby and The Philadelphia Story and swept up a further eight noms. But it was 1967\u2019s Guess Who\u2019s Coming to Dinner, 1968\u2019s The Lion in Winter and 1981\u2019s On Golden Pond that brought Oscars 2, 3 and 4. Hepburn made one appearance, at the 1974 awards presentation; she showed up wearing gardening togs, natch. She presented the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award to producer and friend Lawrence Weingarten. \u201cI\u2019m living proof that a person can wait 41 years to be unselfish,\u201d she said."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Rambo | Rambo Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia John Rambo | Rambo Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015John Rambo [src] [PAR] John Rambo is the main protagonist of the Rambo film series and David Morell's novel First Blood . A former Vietnam veteran and highly skilled Green Beret, Rambo returned from the war as a decorated, but disturbed hero. He is filled with self-loathing and hates killing, but is willing to use his skills to protect those close to him. This is the general plot line of the three First Blood sequels . The main character of the series, Rambo appears in all the films. The only character to come close to this is Sam Trautman , his mentor and commander in Vietnam. [PAR] The way the character fights, is in some details (such as weapons and modus operandi) based on soldiers that fought anti-guerrilla warfare during the Vietnam war (more informations about Rambo and history here ) [PAR] Although Rambo appears to be a butch, action stereotype, the character of John Rambo is actually a broken man. He has witnessed all of his friends die, was not loved as a child, faced unbearable terrors in Vietnam, returned to a country that rejected him, then was seduced back into combat where he killed hundreds more people before finally being left alone and miserable, unable to forgive himself for what he has done. At one point, Rambo stated that he had wasted his life fighting for things he thought he believed in. By the end of the series, Rambo hates himself and has lost his faith in humanity, God and the concept that things will get better for the world, due in no small part because of the horrors of war he experienced. Rambo did get better at the end of the series when he returned home, but he is no doubt plagued by nightmares from his posttraumatic stress disorder. The character has more emotional depth than most people would think based on what popular culture has depicted Rambo as, and Sylvester Stallone 's performance has been widely acclaimed. [PAR] Rambo has a total killcount so far of 220, not counting the 59 confirmed Vietnam kills. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] David Morrell says that in choosing the name Rambo he was inspired by \"the sound of force\" in the name of Rambo apples, which he encountered in Pennsylvania. Peter Gunnarsson Rambo sailed from Sweden to New Sweden in the 1640s, and soon the name would flourish in New Sweden. Today, many of his descendants can still be found in this region of the US. Morrell felt that its pronunciation was similar to the surname of Arthur Rimbaud, the title of whose most famous work A Season in Hell, seemed to him \"an apt metaphor for the prisoner-of-war experiences that I imagined Rambo suffering\". Furthermore, an Arthur J. Rambo was an actual U.S. soldier in Vietnam, but he never returned. His name can be seen on the Vietnam War Memorial wall in Washington, DC. By sheer coincidence, the Japanese word \"ramb\u014d\" (\u4e71\u66b4) means \"violent\" or \"rough.\" He was granted the first name \"John\" as a reference to the song \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again\". [PAR] In his commentary for First Blood, author David Morrell cites the primary personality inspiraction for John Rambo as being World War II hero and later Hollywood actor, Audie Murphy. Rambo's last stand in the finale of the fourth film is very similar to how Murphy won the Congressional Medal of Honor, manning a vehicle-mounted .50 caliber machine gun and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hockey - Summer Olympic Sport Hockey - Summer Olympic Sport [PAR] Hockey [PAR] Field hockey is fast-moving, skilful game played outdoors in teams of 11. [PAR] Oldest game [PAR] Hockey is the oldest known ball and stick game: records exist of it being played in Persia in 2000 BC. The name \u201chockey\u201d probably derives from the French \u201chocquet\u201d, or shepherd\u2019s crook, and refers to the crooked stick which is used to hit a small ball. [PAR] British development [PAR] The first team was the Blackheath Hockey Club, dating back to 1861. The Amateur Hockey Association was then formed in London in 1886, before workers and the military carried the game to the four corners of the British Empire. It became an Olympic sport in 1908. [PAR] Smoother surfaces [PAR] Until the 1970s, the game at international level was mainly played on natural grass, but the heavy turf made the game quite slow. When plastic turf was first used, the game suddenly became quicker and more exciting, giving birth to the modern game. [PAR] Dominant nations [PAR] Most of the dominant nations in the sport are, or were, members of the British Empire. This includes India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand and, of course, England. Other nations have come to the forefront in more recent times to make the game a truly worldwide sport. [PAR] Olympic history [PAR] After a first appearance at the 1908 Games in London, hockey became a firm fixture on the Olympic programme as from the Antwerp Games in 1920. Women made their entrance in this sport in 1980 at the Moscow Games. Since the 2000 Games in Sydney, men have competed in a 12-team tournament and women in a 10-team one. [PAR] In its 100 years of Olympic existence, hockey has been essentially dominated by one country. The Indian men\u2019s team, with six consecutive titles between 1928 and 1956, was unbeaten in 30 consecutive matches, and scored 197 goals, giving away only eight.[DOC] [TLE] History of Field Hockey | iSport.com History of Field Hockey | iSport.com [PAR] History of Field Hockey [PAR] History of Field Hockey [PAR] The sport of field hockey \u2014 or just \u201chockey,\u201d as it\u2019s known in most of the 112 countries it is played \u2014 is widely considered one of the top six sports in the world. Field Hockey\u2019s origins are ancient. Proof can be found in the simplicity of the game: Teams use a stick to hit a ball into a goal. [PAR] Ancient Field Hockey [PAR] The exact origins of the sport are unknown. However, archeologists found 4,000-year-old drawings of men playing a simplistic version of the game in the Beni Hasan tombs in the Nile Valley, Egypt. Other historical records show that various versions of the sport were played in the Persian, Roman, Ethiopian, and Aztec civilizations. [PAR] The Middle Ages [PAR] A new era was defined in the Middle Ages, when variations of hockey-like games began popping up in various European countries. The game of \u201ccambuca\u201d was played in England, while \u201cshinty\u201d was played in Scotland, \u201cjeu de mail\u201d was played in France, and \u201chet kolven\u201d was played in the Netherlands. [PAR] English Royalty [PAR] The sport became popular among English Royalty in the 1300s. Yet, not all of the royals were fond of the game. In 1363, King Edward III of England issued the proclamation: \u201cMoreover, we ordain that you prohibit under penalty of imprisonment all and sundry from such stone, wood and iron throwing; handball, football, or hockey; coursing and cock-fighting, or other such idle games.\u201d This proclamation is proof that a semi-organized version of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trying to find the real Lady Day ... - by Robert Fulford Trying to find the real Lady Day: Those who try to tell Billie Holiday's story often discover an unknowable life -- by Robert Fulford [PAR] Trying to find the real Lady Day: Those who try to tell Billie Holiday's story often discover an unknowable life [PAR] by Robert Fulford [PAR] ( The National Post , 17 May 2005) [PAR] The sign on the bus, \"Lady Day Orchestra,\" announced in 1950 that Billie Holiday had organized a big band to go on the road. Eighteen musicians left New York for a four-week tour of one-nighters, to end in New Orleans. They would play dances and Billie would sing. It sounded promising. [PAR] But this was not a shrewd project. It was run by Billie's boyfriend-manager, John Levy, who acquired his business knowledge as a pimp. Promotion was handled by Dewey Shewey, a part-time burglar, new to the music business. He was wanted by the police, who arrested him during the tour. It turned out he hadn't done much promoting. Levy didn't know what to do. Lady Day's Orchestra was dying. [PAR] Tempers flared. Billie broke a Coke bottle over Levy's head and he knifed her, both of them requiring hospital attention. The musicians were unpaid. Somewhere in the Carolinas the bus driver, also unpaid, walked off. Billie and Levy also disappeared. The musicians, all of them black, had to find their way home through the hostile, segregated South. [PAR] Those who knew Billie's history were not astonished. Her professional life was a series of calamities, as Julia Blackburn, a British novelist who has also written books about Napoleon and Goya, demonstrates in the latest Holiday biography, With Billie (Random House). [PAR] Blackburn leans on research prepared in the 1970s by a writer named Linda Kuehl. Planning a book about Billie, Kuehl interviewed everyone from the woman trombonist on that southern tour to a nun at the Home of the Good Shepherd, the Baltimore reform school where the 10-year-old Billie was incarcerated for truancy. Kuehl tried to write a biography but failed; she committed suicide in 1979. Donald Clarke used some of her interviews in his account of Billie's life, Wishing on the Moon, in 1994. Blackburn makes them the core of her book. [PAR] There will never be an authoritative Life of Billie Holiday. The documents don't exist, and the witnesses have often lied, many of them because they were crooks. Even honest witnesses have faulty memories, inflected by narcotics; Billie herself would tell the same story several ways. So Blackburn acknowledges that the anecdotes are often contradictory, calls her book an oral history and tries to catch her subject in a web of interviews. She provides a cheerless glimpse at black show business, a place that was exciting and illuminating for those who took pleasure in its music yet perilous and frantic for those, like Billie, who lived within it. [PAR] Billie was a teenage prostitute who began singing because she felt like it and kept at it because a few night clubs paid her a little money. An untrained amateur, she turned out to be much better than any of the professionals. She impressed the world's toughest critics, the jazz musicians of New York -- among them Benny Goodman, Count Basie and Lester Young. Today most vocalists of the 1930s are all but entirely forgotten, but we still admire records she made more than 70 years ago. [PAR] Blackburn has no idea how this happened. Her knowledge of narcotics law far exceeds her knowledge of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herman Hollerith - Herman Hollerith Invented Computer ... Herman Hollerith Invented Computer Punch Cards [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 17, 2016. [PAR] A punch card is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. The information might be data for data processing applications or, as in earlier times, used to directly control automated machinery. The terms IBM card, or Hollerith card, specifically refer to punch cards used in semiautomatic data processing. [PAR] Punch cards were widely used through much of the 20th century in what became known as the data processing industry, where specialized and increasingly complex unit record machines, organized into data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output and storage. Many early digital computers used punched cards, often prepared using keypunch machines, as the primary medium for input of both computer programs and data. [PAR] While punched cards are now obsolete as a recording medium, as of 2012, some voting machines still use punched cards to record votes. [PAR] Semen Korsakov was the first to use punch cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832; rather than seeking patents, he offered the machines for public use. [PAR] Herman Hollerith [PAR] In 1881, Herman Hollerith began designing a machine to tabulate census data more efficiently than by traditional hand methods. The U.S. Census Bureau had taken eight years to complete the 1880 census, and it was feared that the 1890 census would take even longer. Hollerith invented and used a punched card device to help analyze the 1890 US census data. His great breakthrough was his use of electricity to read, count and sort punched cards whose holes represented data gathered by the census-takers. His machines were used for the 1890 census and accomplished in one year what would have taken nearly 10 years of hand tabulating. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company to sell his invention, the Company became part of IBM in 1924. [PAR] Hollerith first got his idea for the punch-card tabulation machine from watching a train conductor punch tickets. For his tabulation machine he used the punch card invented in the early 1800s, by a French silk weaver called Joseph-Marie Jacquard . Jacquard invented a way of automatically controlling the warp and weft threads on a silk loom by recording patterns of holes in a string of cards. [PAR] Hollerith's punch cards and tabulating machines were a step toward automated computation. His device could automatically read information which had been punched onto card. He got the idea and then saw Jacquard's punchcard. Punch card technology was used in computers up until the late 1970s. Computer \"punched cards\" were read electronically, the cards moved between brass rods, and the holes in the cards, created an electric current where the rods would touch. [PAR] Chad [PAR] A chad is the small piece of paper or cardboard produced in punching paper tape or data cards; also can be called a piece of chad. The term originated in 1947 and is of unknown origin. In laymen's terms chad is the punched out parts of the card - the holes."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American Masters - Alfred Hitchcock Alfred Hitchcock | Alfred Hitchcock and David O. Selznick Collaborations | American Masters | PBS [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock and David O. Selznick Collaborations [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock and David O. Selznick Collaborations [PAR] January 10, 2001 [PAR] Comments [PAR] On December 10, 1938, David O. Selznick burned down Atlanta. On the back of his Culver City studio, Selznick had begun filming what would be his and Hollywood\u2019s greatest triumph, GONE WITH THE WIND. Selznick was just thirty-six years old and already a legend. He had run a major studio before the age of thirty and created his own studio by the time he was thirty-three. With a harsh and controlling demeanor, he dominated every film he made. In a town of Mayers, Zanucks, and Goldwyns, David Selznick was king. But one of his most lasting contributions would have nothing to do with his grand, southern epic. Instead, it would be bringing to America a rotund, quiet director who was the shining star of British cinema. In the summer of 1939, David Selznick brought Alfred Hitchcock to Hollywood. [PAR] David Oliver Selznick was born into a wealthy Pennsylvania family in 1902. His father Lewis J. Selznick was a successful film producer, and David studied the industry from his early years. As a young man he worked for his father, moving to Hollywood and MGM in 1926. With a voracious appetite for success he worked his way from the bottom of Hollywood to the top\u2014moving from MGM, where he was a story editor and associate producer, to Paramount as an associate director, to RKO as vice president of production, and back to MGM. Returning to MGM he played a crucial part of the production of a number of major films including George Cukor\u2019s DAVID COPPERFIELD and DINNER AT EIGHT. Selznick longed for his independence and in 1936 formed Selznick International. Within three years he had secured his place among the elite of Hollywood with the production of one of its greatest films, GONE WITH THE WIND. While finishing the film, Selznick hired an English director who was looking to make a go of it in Hollywood. [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock was born in 1899 to a middle-class London family. In 1914 he found a job with the Famous Players\u2014Lasky Corporation as a title card designer, beginning his long career in the film industry. Within a few years he had moved up in the company to directing films. Working with the Lasky Corporation in Berlin, Hitchcock made his first two pictures. A few years later Hitchcock made the film he would note as the beginning of his career. THE LODGER (1926), a retelling of the story of Jack the Ripper, began a string of suspense films that would bring him to the top of the English cinema. Among the other well-known films of his English period were BLACKMAIL (1929), THE MAN WHO KNEW TOO MUCH (1934), and THE THIRTY-NINE STEPS (1935). The English cinema had little money, and Hitchcock longed to be in Hollywood, where the world\u2019s best films were being made. [PAR] For Hitchcock, being a director meant being the primary creative source for the film\u2014working on everything from the script to the props. In Hollywood, however, the power of the studios put producers in charge. For the Hollywood of the 1930s, screenwriters and directors were interchangeable technicians, not given serious consideration in the artistic decisions of the film. More than any other producer, Selznick took advantage of this and controlled nearly every aspect of his movies. Not surprisingly, Hitchcock and Selznick had difficulties from the very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Common Street Names In The UK | The Fact Site Most Common Street Names In The UK | The Fact Site [PAR] Most Common Street Names In The UK [PAR] Home \u00bb Travel & Tourism \u00bbMost Common Street Names In The UK [PAR] Most Common Street Names In The UK [PAR] So, I was on a one hour bus journey today, it was rather boring, so I decided to look for funny street names. Whilst looking, I saw three roads called Church Road, which made me wonder what the most common road name is. [PAR] So here goes! Here\u2019s a list of the UK\u2019s 50 most popular street names. [PAR] High Street [PAR] Chester Road [PAR] Mill Road [PAR] One street name I\u2019d like to see would be one called \u2018The Road\u2019, I\u2019m pretty sure there is one, but I\u2019ve never seen one, if you live near \u2018The Road\u2019 please take a pic and let me know! [PAR] Luke Ward is the founder of The Fact Site. He's a professional blogger & researcher with over 6 years experience in fact finding, SEO, web design & other internet wizardry. He loves to write about celebs, gaming, film & TV. [PAR] Hernandez [PAR] I am really happy that i have been cured from (HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS) with the herbal medicine of Dr Ighodalo, i have been suffering from this disease for the past 2 years without solution until i came across the email of this doctor who have cure so many people with his herbal medicine, i also choose to give him a chance to help me, he told me what to do and i kindly did it, and he gave me his herbal medicine and direct me on how to use it, i also follow his instructions for use and he ask us to go for a check up after 1 week and 4days which i did, to my greatest surprise my result came out as negative, i am really happy that there is someone like doctor Ighodalo who is ready to help anytime any day. To all the readers and viewers that is doubting this testimony stop doubting it and contact this doctor if you really have one and see if he will not actually help you. i am not a stupid woman that i will come out to the public and start saying what someone have not done for me and i know that there are some people out there who are really suffering and hurting their family just because of these diseases here is his contact: [email protected] [PAR] he also told me that he has cure for these diseases listed below [PAR] . HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS [PAR] . GET YOUR EX BACK AND MAKE SHE/HIM LOVE YOU MORE [PAR] . CANCER [PAR] There are more funny/strange streets names in uk like Back Action Street in Manchester, Grope Lane, swan lane etc., [PAR] Anonymous [PAR] My fave street name is in York \u2013 Whip-Ma-Whop-Ma-Gate. You can\u2019t make that up!!!! [PAR] Rich [PAR] Here\u2019s one: Coldharbour Lane. [PAR] Anonymous[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - 7 questions on street names BBC News - 7 questions on street names [PAR] 7 questions on street names [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] 7 questions on street names [PAR] A local authority is reviewing its decision to ban apostrophes in new street signs. Test yourself on the sometimes thorny issue of road names. [PAR] 1.) Multiple Choice Question [PAR] More than 50 streets in the Moray town of Keith need new names, officials say. Why? [PAR] They are currently nameless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bujumbura International Airport, Burundi (Code :: BJM ... Bujumbura International Airport, Burundi (Code :: BJM) | Bujumbura Airport Map, Bujumbura International Airport Code [PAR] Timezone : Africa/Bujumbura [PAR] Bujumbura International Airport Timezone : GMT +02:00 hours [PAR] Current time and date at Bujumbura International Airport is 12:38:47 PM (CAT) on Sunday, Dec 18, 2016 [PAR] Looking for information on Bujumbura International Airport, Bujumbura, Burundi? Know about Bujumbura International Airport in detail. Find out the location of Bujumbura International Airport on Burundi map and also find out airports near to Bujumbura. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is Bujumbura International Airport located and also provide information like hotels near Bujumbura International Airport, airlines operating to Bujumbura International Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in Burundi. Scroll down to know more about Bujumbura International Airport or Bujumbura Airport, Burundi. [PAR] Bujumbura International Airport Map - Location of Bujumbura International Airport [PAR] Load Map [PAR] This page provides all the information you need to know about Bujumbura International Airport, Burundi. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting Burundi or traveling to Bujumbura Airport. [PAR] Details about Bujumbura Airport given here include [PAR] Bujumbura International Airport Code - IATA Code (3 letter airport codes) and ICAO Code (4 letter airport codes) [PAR] Coordinates of Bujumbura Airport - Latitude and Longitude (Lat and Long) of Bujumbura International Airport [PAR] Location of Bujumbura International Airport - City Name, Country, Country Codes etc... [PAR] Bujumbura International Airport Time Zone and Current time at Bujumbura International Airport [PAR] Address and contact details of Bujumbura International Airport along with website address of the airport [PAR] Clickable Location Map of Bujumbura International Airport on Google Map. [PAR] General information about Burundi where Bujumbura International Airport is located in the city of Bujumbura. General information include capital of Burundi, currency and conversion rate of Burundi currency, Telephone Country code, exchange rate against US Dollar and Euro in case of major world currencies etc... [PAR] BJM - Bujumbura International Airport IATA Code and HBBA - Bujumbura International Airport ICAO code"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Scream recovered - May 07, 1994 - HISTORY.com The Scream recovered - May 07, 1994 - HISTORY.com [PAR] The Scream recovered [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On May 7, 1994, Norway\u2019s most famous painting, \u201cThe Scream\u201d by Edvard Munch, was recovered almost three months after it was stolen from a museum in Oslo. Thefragile painting was recovered undamaged at a hotel in Asgardstrand, about 40 miles south of Oslo, police said. [PAR] The iconic 1893 painting of a waiflike figure on a bridge was stolen in only 50 seconds during a break-in on February 12, the opening day of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. Two thieves broke through a window of the National Gallery, cut a wire holding the painting to the wall and left a note reading \u201cThousand thanks for the bad security!\u201d [PAR] A few days after the theft, a Norwegian anti-abortion group said it could have the painting returned if Norwegian television showed an anti-abortion film. The claim turned out to be false. The government also received a $1 million ransom demand on March 3, but refused to pay it due to a lack of proof that the demand was genuine. [PAR] Eventually, police found four pieces of the painting\u2019s frame in Nittedal, a suburb north of Oslo, and what may have been a cryptic messages that the thieves wanted to discuss a ransom. Finally, in January 1996, four men were convicted and sentenced in connection with the theft. Theyincluded Paal Enger, who had been convicted in 1988 of stealing Munch\u2019s \u201cThe Vampire\u201d in Oslo. Enger was sentenced this time to six-and-a-half-years in prison. He escaped while on a field trip in 1999, andwas captured 12 days later in a blond wig and dark sunglasses trying to buy a train ticket to Copenhagen. [PAR] In August 2004, another version of \u201cThe Scream\u201d was stolen along with Munch\u2019s \u201cThe Madonna,\u201d this time from the Munch Museum in Oslo. Three men were convicted in connection with that theft in May 2006. Police recovered both works in August with minor marks and tears. Yet another version of \u201cThe Scream\u201d remained in private hands and sold on May 2, 2012, for $119.9 million, becoming the most expensive work of art to sell at auction. [PAR] Munch developed an emotionally charged style that served as an important forerunner of the 20th century Expressionist movement. He painted \u201cThe Scream\u201d as part of his \u201cFrieze of Life\u201d series, in which sickness, death, fear, love and melancholy are central themes. He died in January 1944 at the age of 81. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Munch's 'The Scream' Stolen From Exhibit - NYTimes.com Munch's 'The Scream' Stolen From Exhibit - NYTimes.com [PAR] Munch's 'The Scream' Stolen From Exhibit [PAR] Published: February 13, 1994 [PAR] OSLO, Feb. 12\u2014 The world-famous painting \"The Scream\" by Edvard Munch was stolen today from an exhibition connected with the Winter Olympics. [PAR] Two thieves broke through a window of the National Art Museum and cut a wire holding the painting to the wall, then left the wire cutters on the museum floor, police said. The theft was discovered when a patrolling police officer saw a ladder leaning against the museum wall. [PAR] The Munch exhibition was one of the highlights of a Norwegian Culture Festival set up in conjunction with the Winter Olympics, which begin today in Lillehammer. [PAR] \"The alarm was set off and the thieves were registered by a security camera,\" said the museum director, Knut Berg. [PAR] Alf Bues, director of the Munch Museum in Oslo, called the work \"one of the world's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Newman - Biography - IMDb Paul Newman - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Paul Newman [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 225 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (126) | Personal Quotes (75) | Salary (10) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Screen legend, superstar, and the man with the most famous blue eyes in movie history, Paul Leonard Newman was born in January 1925, in Cleveland, Ohio, the second son of Theresa (Fetsko) and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Paul's father was Jewish, the son of immigrants from Poland and Hungary; he owned a successful sporting goods store. Paul's mother, a practicing Christian Scientist of Slovak decent, and his uncle Joe, had an interest in creative arts, and it rubbed off on him. He acted in grade school and high school plays. The Newmans were a well-to-do family, and Paul grew up in a nice home in Shaker Heights. [PAR] By 1950, the 25 year-old Newman had been kicked out of Ohio University for unruly behavior, served three years in the Navy during World War II as a radio operator, graduated from Ohio's Kenyon College, married his first wife, Jackie, and had his first child, Scott. 1950 was also the year that Paul's father died. When he became successful in later years, Newman said if he had any regrets it would be that his father wasn't around to see it. He brought Jackie back to Shaker Heights and he ran his father's store for a short period. Then, knowing that wasn't the career path he wanted to take, he moved Jackie and Scott to New Haven, Connecticut, where he attended Yale University's School of Drama. While doing a play there, Paul was spotted by two agents, who invited him to come to New York City to pursue a career as a professional actor. After moving to New York, Paul acted in guest spots for various television shows and in 1953 came a big break. He got the part of understudy of the lead role in the successful Broadway play Picnic. Through this play, he met actress Joanne Woodward, who was also an understudy in the play. While they got on very well and there was a strong attraction, Paul was married and his second child, Susan, was born that year. During this time, Newman was also accepted into the much admired and popular New York Actors Studio, although he wasn't technically auditioning. In 1954, a film Paul was very reluctant to do was released, The Silver Chalice (1954). He considered his performance in this costume epic to be so bad that he took out a full-page ad in a trade paper apologizing for it to anyone who might have seen it. He had always been embarrassed about the film and reveled in making fun of it. He immediately wanted to return to the stage, and performed in The Desperate Hours. In 1956, Newman got the chance to redeem himself in the film world by portraying boxer Rocky Graziano in Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956), and critics praised his performance. In 1957, with a handful of films to his credit, he was cast in The Long, Hot Summer (1958), co-starring none other than Joanne Woodward . During the shooting of this film, they realized they were meant to be together and by now, so did Paul's wife Jackie. After Jackie gave Paul a divorce, he and Joanne married in Las Vegas in January of 1958. They went on to have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Dylan \u2014 Positively 4th Street \u2014 Listen, watch ... Bob Dylan \u2014 Positively 4th Street \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] 60s [PAR] \"Positively 4th Street\" is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan, first recorded by Dylan in New York City on July 29, 1965. It was released as a single by Columbia Records on September 7, 1965, reaching #1 on Canada's RPM chart, #7 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and #8 on the UK Singles Chart. Rolling Stone magazine ranked the song as #206 in their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list. [PAR] The song was released between\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks[DOC] [TLE] Bob Dylan - Wikiquote Bob Dylan - Wikiquote [PAR] Bob Dylan [PAR] If your time to you is worth savin\u2019 [PAR] Then you better start swimmin\u2019 or you\u2019ll sink like a stone [PAR] For the times they are a-changin\u2019. [PAR] a poem is a naked person . . . some people say that i am a poet [PAR] I think of a hero as someone who understands the degree of responsibility that comes with his freedom. [PAR] People today are still living off the table scraps of the sixties. They are still being passed around \u2014 the music and the ideas. [PAR] We may not be able to defeat these swine, but we don't have to join them. [PAR] Morality has nothing in common with politics. [PAR] I don't call myself a poet, because I don't like the word. [PAR] Don't ask me nothin' about nothin'. I just might tell you the truth. [PAR] Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman on May 24 , 1941 ) is an American folk and rock singer-songwriter, born in Duluth, Minnesota . In 2016 Dylan received the Nobel Prize in Literature, \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\". [PAR] Contents [PAR] Quotes[ edit ] [PAR] Because Dickens and Dostoyevsky and Woody Guthrie were telling their stories much better than I ever could, I decided to stick to my own mind. [PAR] \"Only Human Driftin' And Learnin'\" by Sidney Fields, New York Mirror (9 December 1963) [PAR] There's no black and white, left and right to me anymore; there's only up and down and down is very close to the ground. And I'm trying to go up without thinking about anything trivial such as politics. They has got nothing to do with it. I'm thinking about the general people and when they get hurt. [PAR] Address to the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee (13 December 1963) [PAR] a poem is a naked person . . . some people say that I am a poet [PAR] Liner notes , Bringing It All Back Home (1965) [PAR] He's a pinboy. He also wears suspenders. He's a real person. You know him, but not by that name... I saw him come into the room one night and he looked like a camel. He proceeded to put his eyes in his pocket. I asked this guy who he was and he said, \"That's Mr. Jones.\" Then I asked this cat, \"Doesn't he do anything but put his eyes in his pocket?\" And he told me, \"He puts his nose on the ground.\" It's all there, it's a true story. [PAR] When asked about the meaning of the song \"Ballad of a Thin Man\" during a 1965 interview. [PAR] I find it easy to write songs. I been writing songs for a long time and the words to the songs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Campuses | University of Wisconsin System Campuses | University of Wisconsin System [PAR] University of Wisconsin System [PAR] Campuses [PAR] Campuses [PAR] Since its creation, the University of Wisconsin System has established itself as one of the world\u2019s premier public university systems. The UW educates approximately 180,000 students on 26 campuses, and serves more than one million citizens through statewide extension programs. [PAR] The UW System\u2019s campuses in Madison and Milwaukee offer both undergraduate and graduate degree programs, including doctoral and professional programs. [PAR] Eleven comprehensive campuses provide students both undergraduate and master\u2019s degree programs in smaller, more individualized academic settings. [PAR] The UW System\u2019s 13 UW Colleges deliver freshman-sophomore courses for students seeking a foundation for a bachelor\u2019s degree. [PAR] UW-Extension works with all 26 UW campuses, all 72 Wisconsin counties, and a wide variety of other educational partners to bring UW expertise to all corners of the state. [PAR] All UW System campuses and UW-Extension programs provide Wisconsin\u2019s citizens with opportunities to contribute to the state\u2019s growing \u201cknowledge economy\u201d through the UW System\u2019s three-pronged mission of teaching, research and public service. [PAR] Reference Information [PAR] Use the map or dropdown box to begin. [PAR] UW-Eau Claire"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boris Yeltsin, Russia\u2019s First Post-Soviet Leader, Is Dead ... Boris Yeltsin, Russia\u2019s First Post-Soviet Leader, Is Dead - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Europe |Boris Yeltsin, Russia\u2019s First Post-Soviet Leader, Is Dead [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Boris N. Yeltsin, the burly provincial politician who became the first freely elected leader of Russia and a towering figure of his time when he presided over the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the demise of the Communist Party, has died at the age of 76, the Russian government said today. [PAR] A Kremlin spokesman confirmed Mr. Yeltsin\u2019s death but gave no details about the circumstances or cause. The Interfax news agency quoted an unidentified medical source as saying the former president had died of heart failure. [PAR] In office less than nine years and plagued by severe health problems, Mr. Yeltsin added a final chapter to his historical record when, in a stunning coup at the close of the 20th century, he announced his resignation, and became the first Russian leader to relinquish power on his own in accordance with constitutional processes. He then turned over the reins of office to his handpicked successor, Vladimir V. Putin. [PAR] Mr. Yeltsin left a giant, if flawed, legacy. He started to establish a democratic state and then pulled back, lurching from one prime minister to another in an effort to control the levers of power. But where his predecessor, Mikhail S. Gorbachev sought to perpetuate the Communist Party even as he tried to reform the Soviet Union, Mr. Yeltsin helped break the party and the state\u2019s hold over the Russian people. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Although his commitment to reform wavered, he eliminated government censorship of the press, tolerated public criticism, and steered Russia toward a free-market economy. Not least, Mr. Yeltsin was instrumental in dismembering the Soviet Union and allowing its former republics to make their way as independent states. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The rapid privatization of Russian industry led to a form of buccaneer capitalism, and a new class of oligarchs usurped political power as they plundered the country\u2019s resources. But Mr. Yeltsin\u2019s actions assured that there would be no turning back to the centralized Soviet command economy that had strangled growth and reduced a country populated by talented and cultured people and rich in natural resources to a beggar among nations. [PAR] His leadership was erratic and often crude, and the democrat often ruled in the manner of a czar. He showed no reluctance to use the power of the presidency to face down his opponents, as he did in a showdown in 1993 when he ordered tanks to fire on the parliament, dominated by openly seditious Communists, and in 1994 when he embarked upon a harsh military operation to subdue the breakaway republic of Chechnya. That costly and ruinous war almost became his undoing, and it flared ferociously back to life in 1999, continuing to rage long after his resignation. [PAR] The Yeltsin era effectively began in August, 1991, when Mr. Yeltsin clambered atop a tank to rally Muscovites to put down a right-wing coup against Mr. Gorbachev, a heroic moment etched in the minds of the Russian people and television viewers all over the world. It ended with his electrifying resignation speech on New Years Eve, 1999. [PAR] Those were Mr. Yeltsin\u2019s finest hours, in an era marked by extraordinary political change, as well as painful economic dislocation for many of his countrymen and stupendous wealth for a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love Lane \u00bb Love and marriage Love Lane \u00bb Love and marriage [PAR] Love and marriage [PAR] Tarmak Films ltd [PAR] Love and marriage [PAR] \u2665 Older men are far more likely to be married than older women. Seventy per cent of men aged 65 and over live as part of a couple (according to the last census), whereas only 40 per cent of women do so. This reflects the tendency for women to outlive their husbands. [PAR] \u2665 The age-group most likely to find love abroad are the over-sixties. Almost 10 per cent of holiday romances lead to wedding bells. [PAR] \u2665 Minnie Munro became the world\u2019s oldest bride when she married Dudley Reid at the age of 102 on May 31, 1991. Reid, the groom, was 83 years old. [PAR] \u2665 Harry Stevens became the world\u2019s oldest groom at 103 when he married 84 year old Thelma Lucas at the Caravilla Retirement Home in Wisconsin on December 3, 1984. [PAR] \u2665 The longest engagement was Sixty-seven years, according to the Guinness Book of World Records. The happy couple finally wed at age 82! [PAR] \u2665 Most recent research indicates just about 9,000 romantic couples each year take out marriage licenses, then fail to use them. [PAR] \u2665 The most popular song for the first dance at weddings has been found to be Bryan Adams hit \u2018Everything I Do\u2019. [PAR] \u2665 A survey revealed that more than 10,000 marriages a year can be directly traced back to romances that begin during coffee breaks. [PAR] \u2665 Ever wondered why people refer to getting married as \u201ctying the knot\u201d? Well the expression dates back to Roman times, when the bride wore a girdle that was tied in knots and the groom then had the fun of untying on their wedding night. [PAR] \u2665 It\u2019s commonly believed a man picks out a wife who reminds him of his mother while a woman picks out a husband who reminds her of her father. But that\u2019s not right. Recent research indicates both the man and the woman are most influenced in their selection of matrimonial mates by their mothers. If a woman regards her mother as stern, she\u2019s likely to go for a stern husband. If she thinks of her mother as gentle, she looks for a gentle husband. The father of the bride or groom just doesn\u2019t have all that much to do with it, poor fellow. [PAR] \u2665 There\u2019s a curious difference in the ways that single girls and bachelors pick their romantic partners. The girl might have a dozen boyfriends, none of whom seems to be like another or anything like the sort of fellow she eventually winds up marrying. But the young bachelor is inclined to select all his ladyfriends, including finally his wife, for their similar qualities. [PAR] \u2665 According to Anita Diamant, author of The New Jewish Wedding, there are no Jewish laws regarding where a wedding may or may not take place. During the Middle Ages, some weddings were even held in cemeteries, since it was believed the life-affirming act of marriage could halt plagues. [PAR] \u2665 London Times, February 1840. Queen Victoria\u2019s wedding cake was more than nine feet in circumference. A second tier rose from this \u201cplateau,\u201d supported by two pedestals. On the second tier was a sculpture of the mythical heroine Britannia gazing upon the royal pair frozen at the moment of their exchanging vows. At their feet were two turtle doves (symbolizing purity and innocence) and a dog (representing faithful attachment). Completing the scene were various sculpted Cupids, one of them"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diane Keaton - Biography - IMDb Diane Keaton - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Diane Keaton [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 71 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (41) | Personal Quotes (17) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 6\u00bd\" (1.69 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Diane Keaton was born Diane Hall in Los Angeles, California, to Dorothy Deanne (Keaton), an amateur photographer, and John Newton Ignatius \"Jack\" Hall, a civil engineer and real estate broker. Her ancestry includes Irish, English, German, and Scottish. [PAR] Keaton studied Drama at Santa Ana College before dropping out to study at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York. After appearing in summer stock for several months, she got her first major stage role in the Broadway rock musical \"Hair.\" As understudy to the lead, she gained attention by not removing any of her clothing. In 1970, Woody Allen cast her in his Broadway play \"Play It Again, Sam,\" which had a successful run. It was during this time that she became involved with Allen and appeared in a number of his films. The first one was Play It Again, Sam (1972), the screen adaptation of the stage play. That same year Francis Ford Coppola cast her as Kay in the Oscar-winning The Godfather (1972), and she was on her way to stardom. She reprized that role in the film's first sequel, The Godfather: Part II (1974). She then appeared with Allen again in Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975). [PAR] In 1977 she broke away from her comedy image to appear in the chilling Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), which won her a Golden Globe nomination. It was the same year that she appeared in what many regard as her best performance, in the title role of Annie Hall (1977), which Allen wrote specifically for her (her real last name is Hall, and her nickname is Annie), and what an impact she made. She won the Oscar and the British Award for Best Actress, and Allen won the Directors Award from the DGA. She started a fashion trend with her unisex clothes and was the poster girl for a lot of young males. Her mannerisms and awkward speech became almost a national craze. The question being asked, though, was, \"Is she just a lightweight playing herself, or is there more depth to her personality?\" For whatever reason, she appeared in but one film a year for the next two years and those films were by Allen. When they broke up she was next involved with Warren Beatty and appeared in his film Reds (1981), as the bohemian female journalist Louise Bryant. For her performance she received nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe. For the rest of the 1980s she appeared infrequently in films but won nominations in three of them. Attempting to break the typecasting she had fallen into, she took on the role of a confused, somewhat naive woman who becomes the tool of Middle Eastern terrorists in The Little Drummer Girl (1984). To offset her lack of movie work, Diane began directing. She directed the documentary Heaven (1987), as well as some music videos. For television she directed an episode of the popular, but strange, Twin Peaks (1990). [PAR] In the 1990s she began to get more mature roles, though she reprized the role of Kay Corleone in the third \"Godfather\" epic, The Godfather: Part III (1990). She appeared as the wife of Steve Martin in the hit Father of the Bride (1991) and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker - War Memorial Opera ... San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker - War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco, CA - Tickets, information, reviews [PAR] San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker [PAR] 301 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94102 [PAR] 301 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94102 [PAR] 1 [PAR] Closed [PAR] Closed December 29, 2016 [PAR] The opulent new version of the seasonal classic, launched spectacularly by the San Francisco Ballet, is every parent's dream of a holiday treat. [PAR] San Francisco Chronicle, 2014 [PAR] Why See San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker? [PAR] A TRULY FESTIVE \"FRISCO\" BALLET [PAR] On Christmas Eve, 1944, the audience at San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House watched the American premiere of Nutcracker. An instant sensation, the ballet launched a national holiday tradition. SF Ballet's sparkling production of Nutcracker, set here by the Bay has introduced audiences of all ages to the magnificent world of ballet, and this will be the third annual production since its new revamp in 2014. [PAR] It is a candied Christmas consumption of a ballet, with enough drama, love and festive spirit to keep the whole family entertained for the duration. With a recent revamp of the setting and costuming, this beloved ballet continues to remain fresh and one of the most celebrated Nutcracker productions in the country. [PAR] WHAT IS THE NUTCRACKER ABOUT? [PAR] The scene opens in a quaint toy maker's shop; Drosselmeyer is putting the finishing touches to a beautiful nutcracker toy before heading out to the Stahbaum's party, laden with his gifts. At the party, young Clara and Fritz are taking part in the tree-trimming ceremony for the very first time; they are surrounded by friends and family celebrating the festive season; when Drosselmeyer arrives, he produces fabulous wooden dolls that spring to life, and gives the nutcracker doll to Clara; alas, Fritz grabs hold of it first and breaks it by accident. Drosselmeyer comforts the distraught girl and fixes the toy's jaw with his hankie. [PAR] After the party, Clara is tired, and falls into a deep sleep, her nutcracker beside her. Awakening suddenly, she notices the room around her has changed dramatically. The Christmas tree towers over her, as does the furniture, and she is ambushed by life-sized mice brandishing swords! But a whistle by a familiar looking character summons a host of toy soldiers, and leads the charge against the rascally rodents. Clara helps by throwing her shoe, and the toy soldiers prevail. The handsome stranger turns to Clara; it is her beloved Nutcracker, come to life! [PAR] The two journey on a beautiful sled to a forest with dancing snowflakes, who point them to the enchanted Crystal Palace, where the Sugar Plum Fairy reigns benevolently over her candy courtiers. As a reward for their efforts against the mouse army, she decrees that a special dance be put on for her special guests that include vignettes by whirling Chinese tea, French mirlitons, Russian vodka, Arabic coffee and Spanish hot chocolate and of course, the famous pas-de-deux by the Fairy and her Chevalier. [PAR] Additional Information [PAR] Keep up to date! [PAR] Straight to your inbox [PAR] Please note: The term War Memorial Opera House and/or San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other tradermarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the War Memorial Opera House and/or San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the War Memorial Opera House and/or San Francisco Ballet:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mick Jagger - Biography - IMDb Mick Jagger - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Mick Jagger [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 74 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (51) | Personal Quotes (15) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Michael Philip Jagger was born in Dartford, Kent on 26th July 1943. When he was 4 he met Keith Richards until they went into secondary schools and lost touch. But one day in 1960 they accidentally met on the Dartford train line and both realized that they had an interest in rock n roll combined with blues. Between 1960-1962 The Rolling Stones formed. It comprised of Mick on lead vocal and harmonica, Keith Richards on guitar, Bill Wyman on bass, Charlie Watts on drums and Brian Jones on guitar. [PAR] In 1964 they released their first album \"The Rolling Stones\". Eventually in 1965 they had their first number 1 hit in the UK with \"The Last Time\" which was followed by \"I can't get no Satisfaction\". Throughout 1966-1969 they toured the world with many great hits like \"Let's Spend the night together\" (1967) and \"Sympathy for the Devil\" (1968). But in 1969 Brian Jones committed suicide and Mick and Keith Richards were blamed for his death. But this fusion blew over and they got another guitarist to replace Brian in Mick Taylor . They released the album \"Let it Bleed\" (1969) with the track \"Honky Tonk Woman\". After they completed a North American tour Jagger finally went to star in Performance (1970) as the retired rock star Turner. The film was released in August 1970 with Mick starring opposite James Fox and Mick even had his first solo hit which was the soundtrack to the film \"Memo from Turner\". [PAR] In 1971 The Rolling Stones came back with the album \"Sticky Fingers\" which would be the most popular album they ever made. From this album there were songs like \"Wild Horses\" and \"Brown Sugar\" and were major hits all over the world. While this was happening Bianca Jagger gave birth to Jaggers daughter Jade Jagger . Throughout the 70s The Rolling Stones made thousands of live performances and achieved endless record sales with hits like \"Angie\" (1973), \"It's Only Rock and Roll\" (1974), \"Hot Stuff\" (1976) and \"Respectable\" (1978). In 1974 Ronnie Wood had replaced Mick Taylor on guitar and Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood both played lead guitar. In 1980 Jagger divorced Bianca Jagger and went on to record and release \"Emotional Rescue\" with The Rolling Stones and it was a platinum album. In 1981 \"Tattoo You\" was released and the group went on a major world tour, their first in three years, which filled stadiums in the US and arenas in Europe. After the tour ended in 1982 Jagger was starting to like other music. In 1983 The Rolling Stones recorded the album \"Undercover\" at the Compass Point in Nassau. But recording sessions didn't go well as during this time Mick and Keith Richard were having arguments about the kind of music the group should be playing. Even though the album was a success it seemed like The Rolling Stones were now going over the edge. [PAR] In May 1984 Mick recorded \"State of Shock\" with The Jacksons which led Mick wanting to try out a solo career. So in September he recorded his first solo album with guests like Pete Townshend and Jeff Beck . Shortly before the album was released The Rolling Stones decided to record"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mother Teresa Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements ... Mother Teresa Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [PAR] Leaders [PAR] Mother Teresa Biography [PAR] All through her life, Mother Teresa served people selflessly. Read the biography and learn about Mother Teresa\u00e2\u0080\u0099s childhood, life and timeline. [PAR] 1971 [PAR] Founder of Missionaries of Charity [PAR] Nationality [PAR] 1969 - Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding [PAR] 1962 - Ramon Magsaysay Award [PAR] 1971 - Pope John XXIII Peace Prize [PAR] 1976 - Pacem in Terris Award [PAR] 1978 - Balzan Prize [PAR] 1979 - Nobel Peace Prize [PAR] Image Credit http://www.freelargeimages.com/mother-teresa-2397/ [PAR] Clad in a white, blue-bordered sari, she along with her sisters of the Missionaries of Charity became a symbol of love, care and compassion for the world. Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, known the world over as Mother Teresa, was an Albanian-born Indian citizen who abided by her religious faith of Roman Catholicism to serve the unwanted, unloved and uncared people of the world. One of the greatest humanitarians of the 20th century, she led all her life serving the poorest of the poor. She was a ray of hope for many, including the aged, the destitute, the unemployed, the diseased, the terminally ill, and those abandoned by their families. Blessed with profound empathy, unwavering commitment and unshakable faith since young, she turned her back to the worldly pleasures and focussed on serving the mankind ever since she was 18. After years of service as a teacher and mentor, Mother Teresa experienced a call within her religious call, which changed her course of life completely, making her what she is known as today. Founder of the Missionaries of Charity, with her fervent commitment and incredible organizational and managerial skills, she developed an international organization that aimed towards helping the impoverished. For her service to the humanity she was honoured with Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She was canonised by Pope Francis on 4 September 2016. [PAR] Childhood & Early Life [PAR] Born to Nikolle and Dranafile Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Mother Teresa was the youngest child of the Albanian couple. She was born on August 26, 1919 and was baptized the following day as Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, a date she considered her \u00e2\u0080\u0098true birthday\u00e2\u0080\u0099. She received her First Communion when she was five and a half. [PAR] Raised in a devoutly Catholic family, her father was an entrepreneur by profession. Her mother had a spiritual and religious bent of mind and was active participant in the local church activities. [PAR] Sudden and tragic death of her father when she was eight years old left young Agnes disheartened. Despite facing financial crisis, Dranafile did not compromise on the upbringing of her children and raised them with utmost love, care and affection. Over the years, young Agnes grew extremely close to her mother. [PAR] It was Dranafile\u00e2\u0080\u0099s firm belief and religious attitude that greatly influenced Agnes character and future vocation. A pious and compassionate woman, she instilled in Agnes a deep commitment to charity, which was further affirmed by her involvement in the Jesuit parish of the Sacred Heart. [PAR] Religious Calling [PAR] As Agnes turned 18, she found her true calling as a nun and left home for good to enrol herself at the Institute of the Blessed Mary Virgin, also called Sisters of Loreto, in Ireland. It was there that she first received the name Sister Mary Teresa after St Therese of Lisieux. [PAR] After a year of training, Sister Mary Teresa came to India in 1929 and initiated her novitiate in Darjeeling, West Bengal, as a teacher at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I'm Telling You Now - Freddy And The Dreamers - YouTube I'm Telling You Now - Freddy And The Dreamers - YouTube [PAR] I'm Telling You Now - Freddy And The Dreamers [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jun 11, 2008 [PAR] A lip sync television appearance on the Hullabaloo TV Show from 1965. With special guest star, Frankie Avalon. Awesome rare footage and one of my favourite songs ! [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Government of The Bahamas The Government of The Bahamas [PAR] Accessing the Fresh Start Programme [PAR] The Fresh Start Programme is a youth employment skills training programme that provides job search skills and training to youth between the ages of 16 to 25. Once enrolled in this programme, participants are exposed to relevant workplace experiences and instructions through a structured training and placement curriculum. The programme covers a variety of personal development and job search topics, geared to afford the young prospective professionals, with the resources, information and tools needed for successful employment and job retention. [PAR] Acessing GIS Training Facility [PAR] As the Government of The Bahamas technical focal point for GIS in The Bahamas, The Bahamas National Geographic Information Systems (BNGIS) Centre is charged with the responsibility of providing various training courses to Governmental Agencies. As such, the Centre has a Training Facility which can be used by all governmental agencies only. The Training Facility is fully equipped and can accommodate up to ten persons. The following is a list of amenities which are available: [PAR] Ten high end computer systems. [PAR] A training server all configured within a network environment. [PAR] ESRI desktop GIS software is loaded on all systems. [PAR] Internet connectivity is provided through the Government Wide Area Network (GWAN) which allows users internet access on all training systems, if required. [PAR] An LCD Projector and projector screen. [PAR] Instructors Training Laptop if required. [PAR] Chart boards. [PAR] APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION AS A CITIZEN [PAR] This application is for the following categories of persons applying for citizenship in The Bahamas: [PAR] Former Belongers - persons who resided in The Bahamas at the time of Independence 10th July 1973 and would have one year to make an application for some form of status; [PAR] Persons born in The Bahamas after 9th JUly 1973, to Non- Bahamian parents (these persons would have to apply on their 18th birthday and before their 19th birthday); [PAR] Persons born legitimately to a Bahamian female married to a foreign spouse outside The Bahamas. [PAR] To access this form your computer will need adobe pdf. Download adobe pdf free of charge here see attachment [PAR] The Youth Leaders Certification Programme was designed to: [PAR] Train, expose and sharpen the skills of present youth leaders in techniques and methods in your work. [PAR] Provide training in leadership skills [PAR] Assist youth leaders and youth workers in developing competencies necessary to effectively manage young people and [PAR] Formulate basic concepts regarding the role of Youth organisation. [PAR] This course is designed to cover a ten week period, comprising nice sessions, and a field study. Interested individuals may apply to the Ministry of Youth Sports and Culture, Division of Youth to participate in the Certificate Programme. [PAR] Application to Participate in Self-Start Programme [PAR] The Government of the Bahamas believes in investing in young people and improving the quality of life through the combined efforts of hard work and dedication, a solid vision, and a helping hand. [PAR] The Self-Starter Programme is a government funded grant-based programme to empower young Bahamian citizens, 18 to 30 years, seeking to establish or expand small businesses. It will provide aspiring entrepreneurs with a valid small business idea, self-employed and unemployed, with funding from BS$1000 to BS$5000 to acquire tools and supplies for their businesses. Funds will be paid directly to the supplier. [PAR] The programme is managed by the Department of Youth, with an independent selection committee responsible for the selection process. [PAR] Application to Purchase a Residential Govt. Lot [PAR] The mandate of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herbert Marcuse (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Herbert Marcuse (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [PAR] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [PAR] Herbert Marcuse [PAR] First published Wed Dec 18, 2013 [PAR] Herbert Marcuse (1898\u20131979) was one of the most prominent members of the Frankfurt School or The Institute for Social Research (Institute f\u00fcr Sozialforschung) in Frankfurt am Main. The Frankfurt School was formed in 1922 but went into exile in the United States in the early 1930s during the reign of the Third Reich. Although most of his colleagues returned to Germany after the World War Two, Marcuse remained in the United States. [PAR] The Frankfurt School has had an enormous impact on philosophy as well as social and political theory in the United States and around the world. In the 1960s Marcuse ascended to prominence and became one of the best known philosophers and social theorist in the world. He was often referred to as the Guru of the New Left (a title which he rejected). During the late 1970s through the 1990s Marcuse's popularity began to wane as he was eclipsed by second and third generation critical theorists, postmodernism, Rawlsian liberalism, and his former colleagues Theodor Adorno and Walter Benjamin. In recent years there has been a new surge of interest in Marcuse. [PAR] 1. Biography [PAR] Herbert Marcuse was born on July 19, 1898 in Berlin. His mother was born Gertrud Kreslawsky and his father was a well-off businessman, Carl Marcuse. According to Marcuse, his childhood was that of a typical German upper-middle class youth whose Jewish family was well integrated into German society (Kellner 1984: 13). Marcuse's formal education began at the Mommsen Gymnasium and continued at the Kaiserin-Augusta Gymnasium in Charlottenburg from 1911\u20131916. In 1916 Marcuse was called to military duty. It was in the military where his political education began, although during this period his political involvement was brief. The experience of war and the German Revolution led Marcuse to a study of Marxism as he tried to understand \u201cthe dynamics of capitalism and imperialism, as well as the failure of the German Revolution\u201d (Kellner 1984: 17). Marcuse also wanted to learn more about socialism and the Marxian theory of revolution so that he may understand his own inability to identify with any of the major Left parties at that time (Kellner 1984: 17). However, this study of Marxism would be brief. In 1918 Marcuse was released from military service. [PAR] In 1919 he entered Humbolt University in Berlin and took courses for four semesters. In 1920 he transferred to Freiburg to concentrate on German literature and to take courses in philosophy, politics, and economics. This period of study culminated in a doctoral dissertation entitled Der deutsche K\u00fcnstlerroman (The German Artist-Novel), which was accepted in 1922 (Kellner 1984: 18). This work would be the first in a life-long engagement with aesthetics for Marcuse. [PAR] After the acceptance of his dissertation Marcuse returned to Berlin where \u201chis father provided him with an apartment and a share in a publishing and antiquarian book business\u201d (Wiggershaus 1994: 96). Marcuse worked mainly as a catalogue researcher and bibliographer, and published a Schiller bibliography in 1925 (Kellner 1984: 32\u201333). In 1924 Marcuse married his first wife, Sophie. [PAR] While in Berlin Marcuse began reading Martin Heidegger's newly published Being and Time with a friend in 1927. Although Marcuse was already a student of philosophy, his interest in philosophy had remained second to his interest in German literature up to this point. The excitement caused by Being and Time would lead Marcuse to a life-long serious engagement with philosophy. According to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pennsylvania Geography - Netstate Pennsylvania Geography [PAR] Length x Width Pennsylvania is 283 miles long, from east to west, and 160 miles wide at its most distant points. Geographic Center [PAR] Explanation The geographic center of Pennsylvania is located in Centre County, 2.5 miles southwest of Bellefonte. [PAR] Longitude: 77\u00b0 44.8'W [PAR] Latitude: 40\u00b0 53.8'N Borders Pennsylvania is bordered by New York and Lake Erie to the north. In the south, Pennsylvania shares borders with West Virginia , Maryland , Delaware , and New Jersey . To the east, New York and New Jersey line up on the Pennsylvania border. Pennsylvania meets Ohio and an arm of West Virginia on the West. Total Area Pennsylvania covers 46,058 square miles, making it the 33rd largest of the 50 states . Land Area 44,820 square miles of Pennsylvania are land areas. Water Area 1,239 square miles of Pennsylvania are covered by water. Highest Point The highest point in Pennsylvania is Mt. Davis at 3,213 feet. Lowest Point The lowest point in Pennsylvania is in The Delaware River at sea level. Mean Elevation The Mean Elevation of the state of Pennsylvania is 1,100 feet above sea level. Major Rivers Allegheny River, Susquehanna River, Delaware River, Ohio River Major Lakes Lake Erie"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Registration of Ownership Tranfer - Motor Traffic Registration of Ownership Tranfer [PAR] Registration of Ownership Tranfer [PAR] Registration of Ownership Tranfer [PAR] Procedure to be followed in Ownership Transfers [PAR] Obtain the relevant form set containing MTA 6 and MTA 8 forms either from Department of Motor Traffic, District /Divisional Secretariats or the Department\u2019s Web site. [PAR] There are 04 copies of MTA 6 A, A1, B and B1 and 02 copies of MTA 8 C and C1 respectively. [PAR] All copies of MTA 6 shall be completed by the Current registered owner of the vehicle. [PAR] The current registered owner shall keep the A and A1 copies of the application and handover the rest to the new owner of the Vehicle [PAR] The current registered owner shall send through the registered post or hand deliver the Copy A of MTA6 to the Commissioner General of Motor Traffic and keep the copy A1. [PAR] The new owner may handover the duly completed copy B of MTA 6 and copy C of MTA 8 to the relevant Vehicle Transfer section of the Department of Motor Traffic and shall obtain the CMT 52 receipt. [PAR] The new owner shall keep the copy B1 of MTA 6 and copy C1 of MTA 8. [PAR] The applications with other relevant supporting documents could be handed over at the Normal service counters of the relevant transfer branches of the Department of Motor Traffic, Colombo 05 or a district office of Motor Traffic or the relevant Divisional Secretariat between 9.00 am to 2.00 pm on week days. [PAR] [PAR] One Day Transfer Service [PAR] The applicants could obtain the one day transfer service only if the following requirements are met. [PAR] This service could only be obtained at Department of Motor Traffic\u2019s Head office. [PAR] [PAR] For the One Day Service; [PAR] The transferee shall be present at the department and hand over the relevant documents to the one day service counter after verifying his/her identity, between 9.00 am to 12.00 noon on week days. However if the Deputy or Assistant Commissioner in charge of the transfer branch satisfies with the documents submitted and the other details the one day service could still be obtained even by an agent of the transferee. [PAR] Once a one day transfer is obtained, within 06 months period another one day transfer will not be allowed. However the Deputy or Assistant Commissioner in charge of the transfer branch could provide the one day service facility in such a situation if he/she is satisfied with the available information and documents to confirm that there is no any objection on the transfer. [PAR] The Certificate of Registration shall be Original (First Copy). However the one day service could be offered even for a Duplicate Certificate of Registration if the Deputy/Assist Commissioner in charge is satisfied with the available information. [PAR] The Deputy/Assist Commissioner has the authority to allow the transfers between blood relations and transfers where transferor and transferee are of a same address through one day service after getting statements from the relevant parties. [PAR] For a property of Vihara and Devalayas the non-objection letter of the Commissioner-Buddhist Affairs shall be provided. [PAR] Vehicles of State or Statutory Boards will not be transferred under the One day Service. [PAR] Shall not be Transfers of Deceased owners, Change of Particulars of Certificate of Registration or Obtaining a Duplicate of the Certificate of Registration. [PAR] Only one transfer is allowed when it is between two personnel and in the case of obtaining a mortgage or lease maximum of 03 transfers are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: East of Eden (1955) East of Eden (1955) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A wilful young man contends against his brother for the attention of their religious father while reconnecting with his estranged mother and falling for his brother's girlfriend. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.00 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 26 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 29 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 02 Sep 2015 [PAR] Title: East of Eden (1955) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 12 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A rebellious young man with a troubled past comes to a new town, finding friends and enemies. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Ray [PAR] Sprawling epic covering the life of a Texas cattle rancher and his family and associates. [PAR] Director: George Stevens [PAR] Disturbed Blanche DuBois moves in with her sister in New Orleans and is tormented by her brutish brother-in-law while her reality crumbles around her. [PAR] Director: Elia Kazan [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1/10 X [PAR] Brick, an alcoholic ex-football player, drinks his days away and resists the affections of his wife, Maggie. His reunion with his father, Big Daddy, who is dying of cancer, jogs a host of memories and revelations for both father and son. [PAR] Director: Richard Brooks [PAR] An ex-prize fighter turned longshoreman struggles to stand up to his corrupt union bosses. [PAR] Director: Elia Kazan [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In the Salinas Valley, in and around World War I, Cal Trask feels he must compete against overwhelming odds with his brother Aron for the love of their father Adam. Cal is frustrated at every turn, from his reaction to the war, to how to get ahead in business and in life, to how to relate to estranged mother. Written by Ed Stephan <stephan@cc.wwu.edu> [PAR] The searing classic of paradise lost. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG for thematic elements and some violent content | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 10 April 1955 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] John Steinbeck's East of Eden See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Mono (Perspecta Sound encoding) (35 mm optical prints)| 4-Track Stereo (35 mm magnetic prints) (RCA Sound Recording) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Elia Kazan , in his autobiography \"A Life\" (1988), said that Raymond Massey came to despise James Dean . Kazan did nothing to dispel the tension between the two, as it was so right for their characters in the film. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The film is set in 1917, but the hairstyles of both Cal and Aron are both obviously contemporary hairstyles of young men in the 1950s. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Adam Trask : [Adam gives Cal the bible to read] Start at the fifth verse. Verse 5. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Count Basie Theatre : William \"Count\" Basie Bio Count Basie Theatre : William \"Count\" Basie Bio [PAR] William \"Count\" Basie Bio [PAR] William \"Count\" Basie (1904-1984) [PAR] Even though the title of one of his band's most famous tunes, \"The Kid from Red Bank,\" should have been a tip-off, many jazz enthusiasts assume that Count Basie was a native of Kansas City, because that's where he and his band first rose to national prominence. In reality, William Basie was born in Red Bank, to Harvey Lee Basie and Lilly Ann Childs Basie on August 21, 1904, in their home on Mechanic Street in Red Bank, NJ. [PAR] A Young Count Basie Starts Making Music on the Jersey Shore [PAR] Harvey Lee Basie was a coachman and caretaker, and Lilly Ann Childs Basie was a laundress, taking in washing and ironing. A brother, James, died when William was a young boy. The family always owned a piano, and Lilly Ann paid twenty-five cents per lesson to a Miss Vandevere to teach William to play. [PAR] In addition to assisting both parents with their work, William would also do chores at the Palace Theater in Red Bank so that he could get in for free. Projectionist George Ruth taught him to rewind the movie reels, switch between projectors, and operate the spotlight for the vaudeville shows. One day, the Palace's house piano player was unable to work. Basie offered to fill in, but the manager declined. The young Basie then waited for the film to start, crept into the orchestra pit, and accompanied the film anyway. He was invited back to play the evening show. [PAR] Basie also went to the Lyric Theatre in Red Bank, just to hear the organ played by Harold LaRos, a local music appreciation teacher. Basie would later trace his life-long interest in the organ (which he never did get to play), back to those days. [PAR] William Basie did not start out to be a piano player. In fact, his first love was the drums, and his father even purchased a trap kit for him. However, his ambitions in that direction were forever erased after hearing Sonny Greer, another young drummer from nearby Long Branch. Greer, who would later go on to fame as the drummer for the Duke Ellington Orchestra, was already so obviously superior that Basie made a hasty retreat to the piano. [PAR] Basie Hits the Asbury Park Music Scene [PAR] As a piano and drums duo, William Basie & Sonny Greer won first place in an Asbury Park piano competition. Decades later, on an August morning in 1958, the two would be among fifty-seven musicians photographed on the stoop of a Harlem, New York brownstone by Art Kane to accompany an Esquire magazine article on the \"Golden Age of Jazz.\" The result of Kane's first professional shoot, the photograph itself would later become as famous as the subjects it depicted, and the subject of a documentary film, \"A Great Day in Harlem.\" An interactive version of Art Kane's \"Great Day in Harlem\" photograph can be found at harlem.org, which allows the user to click on each musician pictured for a brief bio and links to more detailed sites. [PAR] Basie quit high school after his junior year - a decision he would later call his worst mistake - and moved to Asbury Park with friend and sax player Elmer Williams. Both had been gigging steadily in the area, and their plan was to seek permanent work as musicians. They soon returned to Red Bank after discovering that autumn was a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Hart Crane. The Bridge\" / Frasconi, 59. | Library of Congress \"Hart Crane. The Bridge\" / Frasconi, 59. | Library of Congress [PAR] \"Hart Crane. The Bridge\" / Frasconi, 59. [PAR] [ digital file from b&w film copy neg. ] [PAR] Full online access to this resource is only available at the Library of Congress. [PAR] About this Item [PAR] \"Hart Crane. The Bridge\" / Frasconi, 59. [PAR] Summary [PAR] Print shows a view of the Brooklyn Bridge above an excerpt from the poem by Hart Crane. [PAR] Contributor Names [PAR] - Brooklyn Bridge (New York, N.Y.)--1950-1960 [PAR] Format Headings [PAR] - Title and other information from Beall. [PAR] - Edition 4/15. [PAR] - Signed and dated in pencil. [PAR] - Not in Cleveland. [PAR] - American prints in the Library of Congress : a catalog of the collection / compiled by Karen F. Beall... Baltimore : John Hopkins Press, 1970, p. 157. [PAR] - Purchase; Pennell fund. [PAR] 1 print : woodcut, color ; 69 x 39.5 cm. [PAR] Call Number/Physical Location [PAR] FP - XX - F837, no. 29 (D size) [P&P] [PAR] Repository [PAR] Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA [PAR] Digital Id [PAR] Library of Congress Control Number [PAR] 2003664483 [PAR] LC-USZ62-137279 (b&w film copy neg.) [PAR] Rights Advisory [PAR] Rights status not evaluated. For general information see \"Copyright and Other Restrictions...\" ( http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/195_copr.html ) [PAR] Online Format [PAR] Rights & Access [PAR] Rights assessment is your responsibility. [PAR] The Library of Congress does not own rights to material in its collections. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. [PAR] Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections. [PAR] For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Fine Print Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information [PAR] For guidance about compiling full citations consult Citing Primary Sources . [PAR] Rights Advisory: Rights status not evaluated. For general information see \"Copyright and Other Restrictions...\" ( http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/195_copr.html ) [PAR] Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-137279 (b&w film copy neg.) [PAR] Call Number: FP - XX - F837, no. 29 (D size) [P&P] [PAR] Access Advisory: --- [PAR] Obtaining Copies [PAR] If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on site.) [PAR] Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Library of Congress Duplication Services . [PAR] If a digital image is displaying: The qualities of the digital image partially depend on whether it was made from the original or an intermediate such as a copy negative or transparency. If the Reproduction Number field above includes a reproduction number that starts with LC-DIG..., then there is a digital image that was made directly from the original and is of sufficient resolution for most publication purposes. [PAR] If there is information listed in the Reproduction Number field above: You can use the reproduction number to purchase a copy from Duplication Services. It will be made from the source listed in the parentheses after the number. [PAR] If only black-and-white (\"b&w\") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tarzan and His Mate Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Tarzan and His Mate Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 53 out of 55 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Tarzan, the GREATEST! [PAR] from Las Vegas, Nevada [PAR] 25 October 2003 [PAR] The release of TARZAN THE APE MAN, in 1932, caused a sensation. It may be hard to believe, 70 years later, but the film had much of the same kind of impact as THE MATRIX, or THE LORD OF THE RINGS has achieved, at a time when movies and radio were the major sources of entertainment. Tarzan became an instant pop icon, the 'noble savage' that every woman fantasized about, and every man wished he could be. The only person unhappy about the situation was Edgar Rice Burroughs, who, while he'd agreed to MGM's creative liberties, and enjoyed his hefty royalty checks, felt the 'dumbed down' version of his character (with no plans to allow him to 'grow') was unfaithful to his vision (he would start a production company, and soon be making his own 'Tarzan' films). MGM, realizing the value of it's newest 'star', knew the sequel would have to be even more spectacular than the original...and TARZAN AND HIS MATE delivered! [PAR] The film had an interesting back story; Cedric Gibbons, MGM's legendary Art Director, had gotten a commitment from the studio to direct the sequel, prior to the release of TARZAN THE APE MAN, despite the fact that he'd NEVER directed before (the studio hadn't anticipated the film's impact, and didn't think a novice director would matter much on a 'novelty' film...and they wanted to keep their Oscar-winning department chief happy). Gibbons, a prodigiously talented and imaginative visual artist, loved the freedom of pre-Code Hollywood, and decided to have TARZAN AND HIS MATE 'push the envelope' to the limit...Tarzan and Jane would frolic in a nude swim, and Jane would appear TOPLESS through most of the film. Maureen O'Sullivan said in an interview shortly before her death, in 1998, that while a double was used for the swim, she trusted the studio, and did 'a couple of days' of filming sans top...but it became too much of a headache trying to strategically place plants and fruit to block her nipples, and the idea was abandoned (the film shot those days would be worth a fortune!) She did do a nude silhouette scene in a tent, flashed her breasts at the conclusion of her 'swim', and donned a revised 'jungle' costume that was extremely provocative, very thin, and open at the sides...and the resulting outcry would help 'create' the Hays Office, and the self-censorship that would soon engulf the entire industry. [PAR] MGM yanked Gibbons from the production (the 'official' reason given was his workload as Art Director), and veteran Jack Conway was listed as the new director, to appease the critics...although James C. McKay actually directed the film, as Conway was busy on 3 other projects, including VIVA VILLA! [PAR] The film incorporated the best elements of the original (safaris, murderous tribes, Tarzan fighting jungle beasts to the death to save Jane), and actually improved on the storytelling. Harry Holt (Neil Hamilton), from the first film, returns to Africa for ivory from the 'Elephants' Graveyard', and to try to seduce Jane into returning to England, with gifts of silk dresses, underwear, and perfume. He brings with him Martin Arlington (Paul Cavanagh), a crack shot and inveterate womanizer, who sneers at Holt's chivalrous pursuit of Jane, and stalks her as a potential"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Harris is King Arthur - Camelot - YouTube Richard Harris is King Arthur - Camelot - YouTube [PAR] Richard Harris is King Arthur - Camelot [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 21, 2012 [PAR] Merlin's advice on how to handle a woman [PAR] 1967 Warner Musical [PAR] Lerner & Loewe Screenplay and music [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hall of Fame adds a four-decade player - Gammons Daily The Hall of Fame adds a four-decade player - GammonsDaily.com [PAR] You are here: Home / Billy-Ball / The Hall of Fame adds a four-decade player [PAR] The Hall of Fame adds a four-decade player [PAR] January 6, 2016 by Bill Chuck 1 Comment [PAR] Junior Griffey played from April 3, 1989 to May 31, 2010 [PAR] Playing in the major leagues in four different decades requires luck, skill, health, luck, durability, and did I mention luck? [PAR] The likelihood of playing in four different decades if your career started in 1983 is very slim, but it is much greater when your career began in 1989 like Ken Griffey \u2018s did and that\u2019s why Junior is the latest four-decade player entering the Hall of Fame. [PAR] Thanks to Baseball-Reference.com, we can track four-decade players. I mention BR now because if there are people paying attention, is there any way we can get it\u2019s founder Sean Forman into the Hall? Like Bill James (who also deserves consideration), Sean has revolutionized the sport. [PAR] Four Decades in the Majors [PAR] 1980s-2010s [PAR] Jamie Moyer (1986-2012) \u2013 retired at 49 [PAR] Ken Griffey, Jr. (1989-2010) \u2013 Hall of Famer, began and ended his career with the Mariners [PAR] Omar Vizquel (1989-2012) \u2013 played for six different clubs [PAR] 1970s-2000s [PAR] Rickey Henderson (1979-2003) \u2013 Hall of Famer, in his final season he was 3-3 in steals [PAR] Mike Morgan (1978-2002) \u2013 played for 12 different clubs [PAR] Jesse Orosco (1979-2003) \u2013 no one appeared in more games on the mound (1252) [PAR] Tim Raines (1979-2002) \u2013 Rock stole 454 bases from 1981-86, could he be the second on this list to enter the Hall in 2016? [PAR] 1960s-1990s [PAR] Bill Buckner (1969-1990) \u2013 there is so much more to his celebrated career [PAR] Rick Dempsey (1969-1992) \u2013 the most fun player on this list during rain delays [PAR] Carlton Fisk (1969-1993) \u2013 Hall of Famer, #27 with the Red Sox, #72 with the White Sox [PAR] Jerry Reuss (1969-1990) \u2013 played for eight different clubs [PAR] Nolan Ryan (1966-1993) \u2013 Hall of Famer, no pitcher ever recorded more than his 5714 whiffs [PAR] 1950s-1980s [PAR] Jim Kaat (1959-1983) \u2013 Kitty won a Gold Glove 16 consecutive times [PAR] Tim McCarver (1959-1980) \u2013 recipient of the 2012 Ford C. Frick Award for broadcasting, which should be the Vin Scully Award [PAR] Willie McCovey (1959-1980) \u2013 Hall of Famer, began and ended his career with the Giants [PAR] Minnie Minoso (1949-1980) \u2013 Orestes and Nick Altrock are the only players to play in five decades [PAR] 1940s-1970s [PAR] Minnie Minoso (1949-1980) \u2013 Minnie played three games in 1976 at age 50 and had two AB in 1980 at 54. [PAR] 1930s-1960s [PAR] Mickey Vernon (1939-1960) \u2013 started with the Washington Senators and when he retired, he managed the team [PAR] Ted Williams (1939-1960) \u2013 Hall of Famer, played his entire career with the Red Sox and rumor has it that he homered in his last AB [PAR] Early Wynn (1939-1963) \u2013 Hall of Famer born on January 6, 1920 [PAR] 1920s-1950s [PAR] Bobo Newsom (1929-1953) \u2013 Bobo lost 20 games in a season three times [PAR] 1910s-1940s [PAR] None [PAR] 1900s-1930s [PAR] Nick Altrock (1898-1933) \u2013 Nick became a five-timer when he pinch hit in 1931 and 1933 at ages 54 and 56 [PAR] Eddie Collins (1906-1930) \u2013 Hall of Famer who went to Washington Irving HS in Tarrytown, NY, just down the road from me [PAR] Jack Quinn (1909-1933) \u2013 he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts for Kids: Cree Indians (Crees) Facts for Kids: Cree Indians (Crees) [PAR] Cree families past... ...and present [PAR] How do you pronounce the word \"Cree\"? What does it mean? [PAR] Cree is pronounced to rhyme with the English word \"see.\" It's a shortened form of the French word for the tribe, Kristeneaux, but it's not clear where that word came from. It may have been a French mispronunciation of a Cree clan name (Kenistenoag) or a Cree mispronunciation of the French word for \"Christian\" (Chr\ufffdtien.) In their own language the Crees call themselves Iyiniwok or Ininiwok, meaning \"the people,\" or Nehiyawok, \"speakers of the Cree language.\" [PAR] Where do the Crees live? [PAR] The Cree tribe is one of the largest American Indian groups in North America. There are 200,000 Cree people today living in communities throughout Canada and in parts of the northern United States ( North Dakota and Montana ). Here is a map showing the traditional territories of the Cree and some of their neighbors. There are also more than 100,000 Metis people in Canada. Many Metis people descend from Cree Indians and French Canadian voyageurs. [PAR] Are the Woodland Cree and Plains Cree two different tribes? [PAR] No, those are just English names that describe how different Cree bands lived. Cree Indians from prairie regions, especially in southern Manitoba and Alberta, are often known as the Plains Cree. Cree Indians who live in the forested land further to the north and east are often known as the Woodland Cree. Woodland and Plains Cree people share the same language and customs, but they had some differences in traditional lifestyle based on their environment. For example, the Woodland Crees built houses out of birchbark, but the Plains Crees built teepees out of buffalo hide. [PAR] How is the Cree Indian nation organized? [PAR] Peguis Cree Flag [PAR] Each Cree community lives on its own reserve (or reservation, in the United States.) Reserves are lands that belong to the Crees and are under their control. Cree Indian bands are called First Nations in Canada and tribes in the United States. Each Cree tribe or First Nation is politically independent and has its own government, laws, police, and services, just like a small country. Some Cree nations have also formed coalitions to address common problems. [PAR] The political leader of a Cree band is called a chief (okimahkan in the Cree language.) In the past, Cree chiefs were men who had distinguished themselves in war. Today chiefs can be men or women, and they are elected in most Cree bands, just like mayors and governors. [PAR] What language do the Crees speak? [PAR] Most Cree people speak English or French, but some of them also speak their native Cree language. Cree is a musical language that has complicated verbs with many parts. If you'd like to know some easy Cree words, tansi (pronounced tahn-see) is a friendly greeting and mahti (pronounced mah-tee) means \"please.\" You can also listen to a 13-year-old Cree girl singing \"O Canada\" in the Cree language here and read a Cree picture dictionary here . [PAR] What was Cree culture like in the past? What is it like now? [PAR] There are many different Cree bands, but the Mistissini Cree of Quebec have an especially informative website, where you can learn about Cree culture and history and view plenty of photographs. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Cree boys playing darts [PAR] They do the same things all children do--play with each other, go to school and help around the house. Many Cree children like"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Poverty and the American Dream - William Paterson University Poverty and the American Dream [PAR] Poverty and the American Dream [PAR] Betty Reid Mandell [PAR] American Dream: Three Women, Ten Kids, and [PAR] a Nation's Drive to End Welfare, by Jason DeParle [PAR] New York: Viking, 2004 [PAR] 422 pp. $25.95 [PAR] [PAR] I HAVE SEEN THE welfare system first hand as a volunteer outreach worker at a Boston welfare office (Department of Transitional Assistance). The other day I walked into the office to see a distraught woman sobbing disconsolately on the floor. She had unknowingly parked in the parking lot of the Burger King next door. She moaned, \"I begged him not to tow me. I told him that I am homeless and don't have any money to feed my children, but he didn't listen. He still towed me.\" The woman had just been told that she was ineligible for shelter because she lacked some documentation. The driver of the tow truck lurks inside the Burger King waiting for people and tows someone almost every day. [PAR] Soon after that I talked with a man who had been kicked out of a shelter, along with his four year old daughter, because he got a job that paid more than the shelter eligibility limit of $1,041 a month, the poverty level for a family of two. He does not make enough money to pay market level rent in Boston, an average of $1,200 a month for a two bedroom apartment, and he cannot get a Section 8 federal housing subsidy because they have been frozen, and no one knows when or if they will be available again. [PAR] Next, I talked with a young woman whose welfare assistance for herself and her three-year-old had been cut off because she missed one day at her job search program. The reason she missed it is because her child was sick and she had to stay home to care for him. She had just located a temporary job in medical technology but her childcare had been cut back to half a day and she couldn't start the job until the worker approved her for full day childcare. [PAR] I recently spent a summer in Finland, and a social insurance official there told me that they did not believe families should be in shelters. They made sure families had permanent housing. They also had guaranteed universal childcare and universal health care. Those scenes in a Boston welfare office would not occur in Finland. [PAR] Not many people know of the daily tragedies that occur at the welfare office, and until the news gets out and the voting public becomes concerned enough to elect officials who will change the system, the tragedies will continue. So I was pleased when I heard that Jason DeParle had written a book about welfare reform. [PAR] Jason DeParle has been on the poverty beat of the New York Times for many years, writing knowledgeably about poverty and welfare. Frances Fox Piven, a long-time observer of his work, describes him as \"an exceptionally careful and sincere journalist.\" 1 It is to the Times' credit that they have a poverty beat. When I called The Boston Globe and asked to speak to a reporter on their poverty beat, I was told that they don't have one (and they are owned by the Times). [PAR] American Dream has been reviewed by major newspapers across the country. De Parle has been interviewed by NPR and other stations, and he is on the lecture circuit talking about welfare and poverty. The widespread"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Happy Days\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb \"Happy Days\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes [PAR] Overview [PAR] 49 out of 60 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Note to Joel S., The Fonz WAS Cool! [PAR] from Toronto, Ontario, Canada [PAR] 28 August 2004 [PAR] I don't know what Joel S. was watching when he was making comments about Fonzie being a loser. [PAR] Fonzie was supposed to be older than the rest of the gang, but not by that many years. Perhaps it was because Henry Winkler was older than the rest of the cast that he looked, as you said, twenty years older. [PAR] Fonzie never dated high school girls. He knew they were too young for him. He had morals. [PAR] Fonzie being an illiterate high school drop-out? I don't know where you got that from. Fonzie had dropped out of high school when the show started, but one of plot points of the episode where Richie graduated high school was that Fonzie revealed that he'd been secretly going to night school to earn his high school diploma. He graduated with the rest of the gang. [PAR] Fonzie living above the Cunningham's garage. That was because he'd given up his own apartment to his grandmother after she'd been forced to leave her own place. He stayed above the garage for so long because he loved he Cunninghams like his own family. He essentially was a part of the family. In the last season, he did move out into a regular apartment. In the last episode he bought a house so that he would be allowed to adopt an orphaned boy he'd befriended. Gee...buying a house so you can provide a good home and be a good parent? Doesn't sound like a loser. [PAR] As well, Fonzie also worked several jobs at once. He was (or became) the owner of the garage he worked at. When Arnold's burned down, he put up money to help Al rebuild and became the part-owner. Then, he started teaching shop class at Jefferson High. He later went to a tough school and became the Dean of Boys, so he could help kids who needed guidance. [PAR] So, I think Fonzie was a cool character not because of his leather jacket, or motorcycle, or his prowess with girls. I think he was cool because he was a good person who was always willing to help a friend in need. Did you ever see the episode where Al wants to go down to Alabama to join a Civil Rights march? (This was a later episode when the time was the 1960's). Fonzie is concerned about Al's safety and goes with him to look out for him. Fonzie joins Al and a young African-American man in a sit-in at a diner. That doesn't sound like something a loser would do. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 29 out of 36 people found the following review useful: [PAR] A Classic Like a '57 Chevy [PAR] from Los Angeles, California [PAR] 19 June 2003 [PAR] This was one of the greatest shows of the 1970's. Many people think of it as a simple comedy, but in the early years the series tackled some serious issues such as racism and nuclear war. The strength of the show was the friendship between Richie and Fonzie. The chemistry between Ron Howard and Henry Winkler made this show a classic. Unfortunately, after Howard left, they tried to keep the show"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Watership Down: Context SparkNotes: Watership Down: Context [PAR] Watership Down [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Richard Adams was born in Newbury, Berkshire, England, in 1920. He served in the British Army from 1940 through 1946, during World War II. In 1948 Adams received a mater's degree from Worcester College at Oxford University. He worked as a civil servant from 1948 to 1974, and since 1974 has been a fulltime author. [PAR] Adams wrote his first novel, Watership Down, while still a civil servant in 1972. The novel won him the Carnegie Medal and was a large success in England, but did not bring him true fame until it was widely heralded in the United States. Adams has written several other novels, including Shardik (1974), The Plague Dogs (1977), and Traveller (1988). In 1991, he published an autobiography, The Day Gone By, and five years later published the sequel to Watership Down, entitled Tales From Watership Down (1996). Watership Down has remained Adams's most successful novel, popular with both adults and children. Although several of his other books have sold well, none of them has ever come close to reaching the critical acclaim of Watership Down. Adams is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Royal Society of Arts. [PAR] Much of Watership Down takes place in the area where Richard Adams grew up. The detailed descriptions of the natural world in which the rabbits live, therefore, stem from his actual experiences. Adams has seen the places that he writes about; although the novel is fantasy, it is geographically accurate. Watership Down has been viewed as a statement about nature, an attempt to give us a glimpse into the beautiful yet removed world of the woods and grasslands. [PAR] Humankind destroys animals' environments at a frightening rate, and yet does so without any real knowledge of what it is doing. Adams presents rabbits as intelligent, caring, feeling creatures who undergo many trials and misfortunes for the sole purpose of finding a home where they can leave out their lives. The book often carries a tone that suggests that humanity has lost something it used to have\u2014the ability to live free, as the rabbits do. The notion that people should live as a part of nature rather than apart from nature is a strong undercurrent that flows through much of the work. [PAR] Indeed, the novel's popularity stems not just from the enjoyable story itself, but also from the societal implications that can easily be found in it. At times, Watership Down is almost pleading in tone, suggesting that we still have time to stop our destruction of animals' homes before it is too late\u2014an idea that appeals to many. However, the novel is not simply a message about the way we should treat animals. It is also a story about life, as the rabbits' lives in the rabbit warrens bring up many strong parallels to human societies. However Watership Down is read\u2014as a political, social, or environmental critique or simply as a book about the search for a home and life\u2014it is undoubtedly greatly influenced by the state of the natural world in the twentieth century and the role that humanity must play within that world."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Hawke | prime minister of Australia | Britannica.com Robert Hawke | prime minister of Australia | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of Australia [PAR] Alternative Titles: Bob Hawke, Robert James Lee Hawke [PAR] Robert Hawke [PAR] Robert Hawke, in full Robert James Lee Hawke, byname Bob Hawke (born Dec. 9, 1929, Bordertown, S.Aus., Australia ), Australian labour leader and prime minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991. [PAR] Robert Hawke, 1987. [PAR] James Pozarik/Gamma Liaison [PAR] After graduating from the University of Western Australia with a degree in law, Hawke spent three years at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He was briefly an economics researcher at the Australian National University in Canberra and in 1958 joined the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), the umbrella organization of the country\u2019s tightly organized labour movement. As president of the ACTU from 1970 to 1980, Hawke proved to be a brilliant trade-union official, getting favourable settlements for the unions before Australia\u2019s arbitration commissions. Hawke had also joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) as a student, and he rose through the ranks to serve as the party\u2019s national president from 1973 to 1978. By the time he successfully ran for Parliament in 1980 as a Labor candidate, Hawke already enjoyed immense national popularity. In February 1983 Hawke was elected leader of the ALP , and in the elections held the following month he led his party to a landslide victory over the Liberal Party , becoming prime minister of Australia. [PAR] As prime minister, Hawke achieved greater industrial harmony by instituting a unified wage accord among Australia\u2019s fractious labour unions. He also was able to lower the rate of inflation, and he continued to maintain close relations with the United States . Hawke was reelected prime minister in the elections he had called for December 1984. The Labor Party maintained its electoral majority in the 1987 elections, but because of a worsening economy his parliamentary majority was considerably reduced in the 1990 election, and he resigned in December 1991. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Prime Minister of Australia - Bob Hawke | National Museum ... Bob Hawke | National Museum of Australia [PAR] Prime Minister from 11 March 1983 to 20 December 1991 [PAR] Bob Hawke. Photo: National Library of Australia, nla.pic-vn3298879. [PAR] Under Bob Hawke, the Australian Labor Party won four elections in a row. During his first term in office, Hawke gained the highest popularity rating of any Prime Minister since the introduction of public opinion polls. [PAR] A former trade union leader, Hawke believed in government by consensus and managed with considerable success to establish agreement between business and the unions in the pursuit of economic growth. [PAR] He became the only Labor Prime Minister to have been removed by his own party while still in office, when successfully challenged by Paul Keating in December 1991. [PAR] Beginnings [PAR] Robert James Lee Hawke was born in Bordertown, South Australia, on 9 December 1929. He is the second of two sons of Clement Hawke, a Congregational minister, and Ellie Lee, a school teacher, both of Cornish ancestry. After the death of the older son, the family moved to Leederville, Western Australia, where Hawke grew up. Clement's brother, Albert (Bert) RG Hawke, was Labor Premier of Western Australia for six years from 1953 to 1959. [PAR] Robert (Bob) Hawke attended Perth Modern School before going on to the University of Western Australia. He graduated with arts and law degrees in 1952. He won a Rhodes Scholarship and studied economics at Oxford University from which he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry James | American writer | Britannica.com Henry James | American writer | Britannica.com [PAR] American writer [PAR] Graham Greene [PAR] Henry James, (born April 15, 1843, New York , New York, U.S.\u2014died February 28, 1916, London , England ), American novelist and, as a naturalized English citizen from 1915, a great figure in the transatlantic culture . His fundamental theme was the innocence and exuberance of the New World in clash with the corruption and wisdom of the Old, as illustrated in such works as Daisy Miller (1879), The Portrait of a Lady (1881), The Bostonians (1886), and The Ambassadors (1903). [PAR] Henry James, 1905. [PAR] Smith College Archives/photograph by Katherine E. McClellan [PAR] Early life and works [PAR] Henry James was named for his father, a prominent social theorist and lecturer, and was the younger brother of the pragmatist philosopher William James . The young Henry was a shy, book-addicted boy who assumed the role of quiet observer beside his active elder brother. They were taken abroad as infants, were schooled by tutors and governesses, and spent their preadolescent years in Manhattan. Returned to Geneva, Paris, and London during their teens, the James children acquired languages and an awareness of Europe vouchsafed to few Americans in their times. On the eve of the American Civil War , the James family settled at Newport, Rhode Island , and there, and later in Boston, Henry came to know New England intimately. When he was 19 years of age, he enrolled at the Harvard Law School, but he devoted his study time to reading Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve , Honor\u00e9 de Balzac , and Nathaniel Hawthorne . His first story appeared anonymously two years later in the New York Continental Monthly and his first book reviews in the North American Review. When William Dean Howells became editor of The Atlantic Monthly, James found in him a friend and mentor who published him regularly. Between them, James and Howells inaugurated the era of American \u201c realism .\u201d [PAR] By his mid-20s James was regarded as one of the most skillful writers of short stories in America. Critics, however, deplored his tendency to write of the life of the mind, rather than of action. The stories of these early years show the leisurely existence of the well-to-do at Newport and Saratoga. James\u2019s apprenticeship was thorough. He wrote stories, reviews, and articles for almost a decade before he attempted a full-length novel . There had to be also the traditional \u201cgrand tour,\u201d and James went abroad for his first adult encounter with Europe in 1869. His year\u2019s wandering in England, France, and Italy set the stage for a lifetime of travel in those countries. James never married. By nature he was friendly and even gregarious , but, while he was an active observer and participant in society, he tended, until late middle age, to be \u201cdistant\u201d in his relations with people and was careful to avoid \u201cinvolvement.\u201d [PAR] Career\u2014first phase [PAR] Cheetahs Face Extinction Risk [PAR] Recognizing the appeal of Europe, given his cosmopolitan upbringing, James made a deliberate effort to discover whether he could live and work in the United States . Two years in Boston, two years in Europe, mainly in Rome, and a winter of unremitting hackwork in New York City convinced him that he could write better and live more cheaply abroad. Thus began his long expatriation\u2014heralded by publication in 1875 of the novel Roderick Hudson , the story of an American sculptor\u2019s struggle by the banks of the Tiber between his art and his passions; Transatlantic Sketches, his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kariba Dam - Zambia Tourism Board History of the Building of Lake Kariba [PAR] Shiwa Ngandu [PAR] History of the Building of Lake Kariba [PAR] You are here: Homepage > What to see > Vast Lakes > Lake Kariba > History of the Building of Lake Kariba [PAR] The dam was an initiative of the Federation existing at the time between British ruled Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe) and Nyasaland (Malawi). To dam the great Zambezi floodplain was in many ways a hopeful leap into the future. Vast areas of forest and scrub would be inundated. Literally thousands of wild animals would lose their habitats and, more importantly, the local villages would have to be relocated. Analysis of the economic advantages convinced the authorities that the ultimate benefit to the people would outweigh the loss of wildlife and disturbance to people\u2019s lives. [PAR] [PAR] The vegetation was strip cleared and burnt, making the lake rich in chemicals from the fired wood and the considerable number of remaining trees provided an essential habitat for many creatures that found their way into the lake. [PAR] Building the dam wall began in the late 1950s. Well over a million cubic metres of concrete was poured into the 36.6 metre high wall with a thickness of over twenty four metres to sustain the pressure of nearly ten million litres of water passing through the spillway each second. At the end of 1958, the sluice gates were closed and in 1963 the maximum level was reached. [PAR] [PAR] The Zambezi River rises in north western Zambia and its catchment area covers 1 352 000 square kilometers and eight countries, namely Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It enters the Indian Ocean in Mozambique at Quelimane. [PAR] [PAR] It flows for some 2 650 kilometers from its source to the Indian Ocean. It is the fourth largest river in Africa flowing into the Indian Ocean. [PAR] Kariba Dam is located approximately halfway down the Zambezi River. [PAR] [PAR] The Electricity Supply Commission instigated an investigation for possible hydroelectric schemes to be situated at kariba and in 1941 funds were allocated. As a result of this survey, a river gauging station was set up at chirundu as well as at a campsite 25 kilometers downstream from the present dam wall. [PAR] [PAR] Both Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) were in contention as it was thought that the Kafue River Gorge site in Northern Rhodesia was preferable to kariba. The matter was solved in 1951 by a board of experts known as \u201cthe Panel\u201d who all agreed that the dam be built on the Zambezi River, at the Kariba Gorge site. [PAR] [PAR] In August 1955 , the then Federal Government of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi) called for tenders for the construction of the wall and power station was awarded to the Italian consortium Impresit on 16 July 1956 [PAR] Kariba Dam was designed by the French engineer and inventor Andre Coyne. A specialist in \u201carch dams\u201d, he personally designed over 55 dams, Kariba being one of them. [PAR] [PAR] Nyaminyami [PAR] The name Kariba (Kariva \u2013 meaning trap) refers to a rock which thrust out of the swirling water at the entrance to the gorge close to the dam wall site, now buried more than a hundred feet below the water surface. In many legends, this rock was regarded as the home of the great River god Nyaminyami, who caused anyone who ventured near to be sucked down for ever into the depths of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diana Ross - Actress, Singer - Biography.com Diana Ross - Actress, Singer - Biography.com [PAR] Diana Ross [PAR] Singer and actress Diana Ross was part of the 1960s pop/soul trio the Supremes before embarking on a successful solo career, also starring in such films as 'Lady Sings the Blues' and 'The Wiz.' [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous Singers [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Diana Ross was born on March 26, 1944, in Detroit, Michigan. She began singing with friends as a teenager, and eventually formed the groundbreaking 1960s trio the Supremes, going on to have hits like \"Come See About Me\" and \"You Can't Hurry Love.\" Ross left for a solo career in 1969, later reaching No. 1 with hits like \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\" and \"Love Hangover.\" She starred in the films Mahogany and Lady Sings the Blues as well, earning an Oscar nomination for the latter. Despite personal and professional ups and downs, Ross has withstood the test of time as a performer with a career that spans more than four decades. [PAR] The Supremes [PAR] Diane Earnestine Earle Ross was born on March 26, 1944, in Detroit, Michigan. Developing a reputation as an accomplished performer, Ross began singing in the group the Primettes with friends Mary Wilson , Florence Ballard and Barbara Martin as a teenager. Martin eventually dropped out, but the remaining members of the group went on to become the internationally successful 1960s R&B and pop trio, the Supremes (later named Diana Ross and the Supremes). [PAR] Signed to Motown Records by famed producer and label founder Berry Gordy Jr. , in 1961 the Supremes scored their first No. 1 hit with \"Where Did Our Love Go?\" (1964). The trio then broke music records by having a streak of four additional singles top the charts\u2014\"Baby Love\" (1964), \"Come See About Me\" (1964) \"Stop! In the Name of Love\" (1965) and \"Back in My Arms Again\" (1965)\u2014thus becoming the first U.S. group ever to have five songs in a row reach No 1. [PAR] In all the group scored a monumental 12 No. 1 hits, including \"I Hear a Symphony\" (1965), \"You Can't Hurry Love\" (1966), \"The Happening\" (1967), \"Love Child\" (1968) and \"Someday We'll Be Together\" (1969). They thus established a phenomenal record, becoming the American vocal group with the most Billboard chart toppers in history. [PAR] Music and Film Star [PAR] Ross left the Supremes for a solo career in 1969 and continued to be a musical mainstay the following year with the Top 20 \"Reach Out and Touch Somebody's Hand\" and the No. 1 \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough.\" In 1972, she branched out into acting and starred in the Billie Holiday biopic Lady Sings the Blues. While the film received somewhat mixed reviews, Ross's performance garnered her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. The Blues soundtrack was a huge success and helped spurn new interest in Holiday as well. Ross went on to star in the films Mahogany (1975), co-starring Billy Dee Williams and Anthony Perkins , and The Wiz (1978). [PAR] Among an array of albums, other hit songs for Ross from the 1970s included \"Touch Me in the Morning\" (1973), \"Theme From Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)\" (1976) and sensual dance classic \"Love Hangover\" (1976), with all three tracks reaching No. 1 on the pop charts. [PAR] 'Upside Down' and 'Muscles' [PAR] The next decade started out on a strong note for Ross with the Nile Rodgers -produced, platinum-selling album Diana (1980), featuring the No. 1 hit \"Upside Down\" as well as Top 5"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The story behind Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America\" The story behind Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America\" [PAR] Lydia Hutchinson | May 11, 2014 | 14 Comments [PAR] \u201cI\u2019d like to write a great peace song,\u201d Irving Berlin told a journalist in 1938, \u201cbut it\u2019s hard to do, because you have trouble dramatizing peace.\u201d [PAR] Years before John Lennon or Bob Dylan were even born, Berlin took up the challenge of penning an anthem that would inspire his fellow men to live in harmony. As America\u2019s most successful songwriter, the 50-year-old Berlin had already lived through one world war, and with the rise of Nazi Germany, he knew a second was brewing. [PAR] He recalled, \u201cI worked for a while on a song called \u2018Thanks America,\u2019 but I didn\u2019t like it. I tried again with a song called \u2018Let\u2019s Talk About Liberty,\u2019 but I didn\u2019t get very far. It was too much like making a speech to music. It then occurred to me to reexamine an old song of mine, \u2018God Bless America.\u2019\u201d [PAR] Berlin\u2019s practice of \u201cgoing to the trunk,\u201d where he squirreled away every verse, chorus and half-finished idea he ever wrote, often got him out of songwriting jams. He\u2019d come up with \u201cGod Bless America\u201d in 1918, while serving in the Army at Camp Upton in Yaphank, N.Y. It was intended for a military revue called Yip Yip Yaphank. [PAR] His musical secretary Harry Ruby remembered, \u201cThere were so many patriotic songs coming out at the time. Every songwriter was pouring them out. I said, \u2018Geez, another one?\u2019\u201d [PAR] Berlin decided Ruby was right, calling the song \u201cjust a little sticky.\u201d He cut it from the score, stashing it away in his trunk. [PAR] Two decades later, Berlin saw new hope in the old tune. \u201cI had to make one or two changes in the lyrics, and they in turn led me to a slight change and improvement in the melody, one line in particular. The original ran: \u2018Stand beside her and guide her to the right with a light from above.\u2019 In 1918, the phrase \u2018to the right\u2019 had no political significance, as it has now. So for obvious reasons, I changed the phrase to \u2018Through the night with a light from above.\u2019\u201d [PAR] Pleased with the revamped song\u2014he packed a lot into its compact five-line frame\u2014Irving searched for the right singer to introduce it. [PAR] Kate Smith was 200 pounds of wholesome country girl goodness, a vaudeville singer who\u2019d entertained WWI troops when she was 8 years old and gone on to host her own CBS radio show, with millions of devoted listeners. On Nov. 11, 1938, Smith sang \u201cGod Bless America\u201d as part of her Armistice Day broadcast (anniversary of the end of WWI). [PAR] The song tapped into the national psyche, offering a kind of collective prayer for the unease over impending war. Within days, it was being hailed as the new national anthem. Sheet music flew off the shelves. Smith was booked for personal appearances, including major league baseball games and the 1939 World\u2019s Fair. School bands played the song relentlessly. Without any hype or plugging, Berlin\u2019s anthem became a sensation. [PAR] In 1940, both the Republican and Democratic parties adopted the song as their theme. Realizing that it would look improper to collect royalties on a patriotic ode, Berlin established a trust, the God Bless America Fund, which distributed all proceeds to the Boy and Girl Scouts of America. [PAR] The song wasn\u2019t without its critics. Certain Democrats called the song jingoistic, questioning why God should bless America and no"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sean Penn - Biography - IMDb Sean Penn - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Sean Penn [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 134 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (84) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (4) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Sean Penn is a powerhouse film performer capable of intensely moving work, who has gone from strength to strength during a colourful film career, and who has drawn much media attention for his stormy private life and political viewpoints. [PAR] Sean Justin Penn was born in Los Angeles, California, the second son of actress Eileen Ryan (n\u00e9e Annucci) and director, actor, and writer Leo Penn . His brother was actor Chris Penn . His father was from a Lithuanian Jewish/Russian Jewish family, and his mother is of half Italian and half Irish descent. [PAR] Penn first appeared in roles as strong-headed or unruly youths such as the military cadet defending his academy against closure in Taps (1981), then as fast-talking surfer stoner Jeff Spicoli in Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982). [PAR] Fans and critics were enthused about his obvious talent and he next contributed a stellar performance alongside Timothy Hutton in the Cold War spy thriller The Falcon and the Snowman (1985), followed by a teaming with icy Christopher Walken in the chilling At Close Range (1986). The youthful Sean then paired up with his then wife, pop diva Madonna in the woeful, and painful, Shanghai Surprise (1986), which was savaged by the critics, but Sean bounced back with a great job as a hot-headed young cop in Colors (1988), gave another searing performance as a US soldier in Vietnam committing atrocities in Casualties of War (1989) and appeared alongside Robert De Niro in the uneven comedy We're No Angels (1989). However, the 1990s was the decade in which Sean really got noticed by critics as a mature, versatile and accomplished actor, with a string of dynamic performances in first-class films. [PAR] Almost unrecognisable with frizzy hair and thin rimmed glasses, Penn was simply brilliant as corrupt lawyer David Kleinfeld in the Brian De Palma gangster movie Carlito's Way (1993) and he was still in trouble with authority as a Death Row inmate pleading with a caring nun to save his life in Dead Man Walking (1995), for which he received his first Oscar nomination. Sean then played the brother of wealthy Michael Douglas , involving him in a mind-snapping scheme in The Game (1997) and also landed the lead role of Sgt. Eddie Walsh in the star-studded anti-war film The Thin Red Line (1998), before finishing the 1990s playing an offbeat jazz musician (and scoring another Oscar nomination) in Sweet and Lowdown (1999). [PAR] The gifted and versatile Sean had also moved into directing, with the quirky but interesting The Indian Runner (1991), about two brothers with vastly opposing views on life, and in 1995 he directed Jack Nicholson in The Crossing Guard (1995). Both films received overall positive reviews from critics. Moving into the new century, Sean remained busy in front of the cameras with even more outstanding work: a mentally disabled father fighting for custody of his seven-year-old daughter (and receiving a third Oscar nomination) for I Am Sam (2001); an anguished father seeking revenge for his daughter's murder in the gut-wrenching Clint Eastwood -directed Mystic River (2003) (for which he won the Oscar as Best Actor); a mortally ill college professor in 21 Grams (2003) and a possessed businessman in The Assassination"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blondie - 80s Songs and Albums - simplyeighties.com Blondie - 80s Songs and Albums - simplyeighties.com [PAR] Blondie T-shirts [PAR] Blondie in the 80s [PAR] Blondie were a firm favourite in our household back in the seventies and eighties, and I still have a stack of well-used vinyl - the band gained fame in the late 1970s. Featuring lead singer Deborah Harry, the American band was a pioneer in the early American punk rock and New Wave scene. Indeed, their first two albums were very much influenced by punk and new wave, and were more successful in the UK and Australia, than in America. [PAR] After the release of Parallel Lines in 1978, Blondie were no longer seen as an underground band in the US, and over the next few years, the band achieved many hit singles. [PAR] New musical styles such as disco, reggae and pop were incorporated into the band's releases, while still retaining some of the new wave/punk element. [PAR] After the release of their sixth studio album The Hunter. Blondie split in 1982, with Debbie Harry starting a moderately successful solo career, her biggest hit being I Want That Man. However, the band reformed in 1997 and acheived renewed chart success with the No.1 single Maria in the UK in 1999. [PAR] Deborah Harry has also released five solo albums, her biggest being Def, Dumb and Blonde in 1989. Harry changed her name from \"Debbie\" to \"Deborah\", although I'm not sure why - maybe she just wanted to sound a bit posh! [PAR] Visit the Debbie Harry page [PAR] DENIS (1978) [PAR] Denis was originally a hit for Randy & The Rainbows in 1963. Blondie's version reached No.2 in the UK in 1978, and was kept off the top spot by Kate Bush with Wuthering Heights. [PAR] \"PICTURE THIS\" (1978) [PAR] This was the first single to be lifted from Blondie's third album Parallel Lines and reached No.12 in the UK singles chart in 1978. The single was not released in the U.S. In the promotional video (see the playlist above) Debbie Harry is wearing a yellow dress designed by Stephen Sprouse. The fashion designer pioneered sixties-inspired, neon and graffiti print clothing that has a sophisticated style. [PAR] The B-side, Fade Away and Radiate was also included on Parallel Lines and featured Robert Fripp on guitar. [PAR] \"CALL ME\" (1980) [PAR] Reaching No.1 in 1980, Call Me was the main soundtrack to the movie American Gigolo. The song spent six weeks at the top in both the U.S. and Canada, and this was the fourth #1 single for the band in the UK. The song also featured on the British Telecom advert during 1980. [PAR] Electronic/disco music producer Giorgio Moroder originally asked Stevie Nicks from Fleetwood Mac to create the soundtrack, but she declined. [PAR] There have been literally dozens of cover versions of Call Me, the most notable ones being by The Dandy Warhols on their 2004 album Come On Feel The Dandy Warhols. Also, Tina Arena (remember her?) on the 2008 album Songs Of Love & Loss II (this was a unique swing version) and by Scottish band Franz Ferdinand on the War Child Charity Album after a request by Blondie themselves. [PAR] The only 80s cover version I know of is by the American band Until December, which featured on their self-titled studio album. The image is the single cover from the German version of Call Me. [PAR] \"ATOMIC\" (1980) [PAR] The driving bass-line in Atomic makes this my joint favourite Blondie track along with the previous single Call Me. It"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britt Ekland: why Roger Moore was the best ever Bond ... Britt Ekland: why Roger Moore was the best ever Bond - Telegraph [PAR] James Bond [PAR] Britt Ekland: why Roger Moore was the best ever Bond [PAR] Bond girl Britt Ekland has revealed that she considers Sir Roger Moore to be the best 007 because he was the most sophisticated. [PAR] By Tom Kennedy [PAR] 4:26PM BST 24 Sep 2012 [PAR] Sir Roger Moore was the best James Bond because he was most true to Ian Fleming\u2019s vision for 007, according to Britt Ekland. [PAR] The Bond girl, who appeared opposite Sir Roger in The Man with the Golden Gun, said Moore captured the spy\u2019s \u201csophisticated\u201d manner better than any other actor. [PAR] \u201cI think Roger is the best Bond, of course - not just because of being my Bond, but because if you read the early Ian Fleming books describing him, that\u2019s how he was,\u201d said Ekland, who played Mary Goodnight in the 1974 film. [PAR] \u201cHe was a bachelor, unattached, he was luxurious, sophisticated, and he was not available for females so no long term relationships there. I think Roger really portrayed that.\" [PAR] Ekland said she considered current Bond actor Daniel Craig to be a \u201cvery, very good Bond, because he is modern Bond\u201d. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Trailer for new Bond film Skyfall [PAR] 21 May 2012 [PAR] Craig \u201cis an action hero, what the young people want. They would just laugh at me and Roger today.\u201d [PAR] Ekland, 69, and Sir Roger, 84, remain good friends. She said: \u201cHe\u2019s so \u2018un-actorish\u2019. What you see on the screen is the Roger Moore you see if you have lunch with him. [PAR] \u201cHe doesn\u2019t put on that character and read it.\u201d [PAR] She revealed that she was nervous ahead of filming with the Bond star. \u201cWhen you meet new people, especially when they are movie stars, you can get a bit nervy. But he made it very easy, made sure we were well looked after, included us and joked with us, me and Maud Adams.\u201d [PAR] Ekland was speaking at an event in London marking the release of all 22 Bond films on Blu-Ray. They are being issued as part of the franchise's 50th anniversary celebrations. [PAR] She told The Daily Telegraph that Ursula Andress, who played Honey Ryder in Dr No, is the best Bond girl of all time. [PAR] \u201cI think Mary Goodnight pales in comparison to Ursula Andress. I don\u2019t think anybody ever made that impact on the screen, ever. We were all good at what we did, but she was just absolutely magnificent.\u201d [PAR] She added: \u201cThere were Bond girls that were prettier than her, maybe had even better figures than her, but she made the biggest impact.\u201d [PAR] The Swedish actress attributes the long-lasting success of Bond to its British theme. \u201cIt\u2019s a thoroughly British thing. It has always retained its Britishness. [PAR] \u201cI think that\u2019s very important because foreigners, particularly Americans, think that British people are very quaint and strange and speak with a very strange accent, and they played on that. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019ve been in it, and a lot of the villains have been foreigners, but the key to it is the Britishness.\u201d [PAR] The new Bond adventure, Skyfall, sees 007 swap his Martinis for Heineken as part of a product placement deal with the film-makers. [PAR] Ekland said switching to beer was \u201cpart of an evolution\u201d for the brand. [PAR] \u201cBeing Swedish and being brought up in a beer drinking society, I don\u2019t find it very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mick Jagger | The Rolling Stones Mick Jagger | The Rolling Stones [PAR] The Rolling Stones [PAR] Born 26 July 1943 Dartford, UK [PAR] Mick Jagger [PAR] Mick Jagger is acknowledged as the greatest front man ever, he has single handedly defined what it means to be the singer with a rock band, a blues band or any other kind of band during his fifty year career. Whether it\u2019s in the studio or on stage \u2013 where he and the rest of the Rolling Stones have performed in front of more people than any band in history \u2013 he continually sets the standard to which others aspire, yet rarely attain. [PAR] With his songwriting partner and band mate Keith Richards he has written some of the most recognizable rock anthems of the last fifty years. Songs that are the staple of every covers band in the world; songs that have been performed by just about everyone who is singing or playing in a band. [PAR] Born Michael Philip Jagger in Dartford, Kent, in 1943, he met Keith Richards at Wentworth Primary School a few years later. The pair lost touch but reconnected at the local railway station in 1960. By then, they both shared a deep love and understanding of American rhythm and blues, including Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Howlin\u2019 Wolf, Jimmy Reed and Muddy Waters whose song, \u2018Rollin\u2019 Stone\u2019 inspired the name of the band they eventually formed in 1962 with guitarist Brian Jones. [PAR] Dropping out of the London School of Economics in 1963 to pursue a career in music it was initially as, \u2018just another beatboom band\u2019 that the Stones were perceived, but all too soon Mick\u2019s on stage and on camera persona, particularly on numerous 1960s TV shows, marked him and the Stones out as being different from the other bands \u2013 the others mostly liked to wear suits. [PAR] Encouraged to write songs by their then manager, Andrew Loog Oldham, Mick and Keith began by coming up with what were usually ballads, but they quickly got into their stride, but not as many people think \u2013 it wasn\u2019t Mick writing the words and Keith the music. Mick would sometimes came up with musical ideas that along with Keith\u2019s ideas they forged into some of the most enduring records from the sixties. Among their earliest compositions are\u00ac \u2018Let\u2019s Spend The Night Together\u2019, \u2018Get Off Of My Cloud\u2019, \u201919th Nervous Breakdown\u2019, \u2018Paint It, Black\u2019, \u2018Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing In The Shadow?, \u2018Jumpin\u2019 Jack Flash\u2019 and \u2018Honky Tonk Women\u2019. Throughout the 1970s and right up until the present day Mick and Keith have continued to come up with what is the gold standard for song writing. [PAR] Away from the Rolling Stones Mick has pursued his interest in film by acting, most notably as the lead of the oft-referenced cult movie Performance, directed by Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg in 1968, but also in the title role of Ned Kelly in 1970, and in Geoff Murphy\u2019s sci-fi film Freejack in 1992. Mick\u2019s filmography includes cameos in Bent, Sean Mathias\u2019 1997 film The Man From Elysian Fields, as well as the World War II drama Enigma, directed by Michael Apted, which he co-produced in 2001. The same year, his Jagged Films company produced Being Mick, a revealing documentary about the singer. [PAR] Mick loves sport \u2013 one of the earliest published photos of him is with his school basketball team that was coached by his father \u2013 and today his love of cricket sees him following England at Test matches and one-day internationals when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rick Astley - Together Forever, 1988 - YouTube Rick Astley - Together Forever, 1988 - YouTube [PAR] Rick Astley - Together Forever, 1988 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 6, 2011 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boxing's Greats of the States | Colorado: Jack Dempsey Boxing\u2019s Greats of the States | Colorado: Jack Dempsey [PAR] Boxing\u2019s Greats of the States | Colorado: Jack Dempsey [PAR] By Mike Sloan Feb 26, 2016 [PAR] Boxers come from every corner of the globe. Sometimes, fighters are products of their environment, favoring styles prevalent in the country or state from which they hail. Various regions of the United States are considered factories for great fighters, though that certainly is not the case with each state. In this weekly Sherdog.com series, the spotlight will shine on the best boxer of all-time from each of the 50 states. Fighters do not necessarily need to be born in a given state to represent it; they simply need to be associated with it. For example, all-time great heavyweight legend Joe Louis was born in Alabama, but he is identified almost universally with Detroit. [PAR] *** [PAR] It may not be that well-known, but Colorado has a rich history in boxing. Some great pugilists have come through the Centennial State, but none had more of an impact on the Sweet Science than Jack Dempsey. [PAR] Considered one of the hardest punchers of all-time, Dempsey has long been revered as one of the greatest heavyweights the sport has ever seen. He ruled boxing and was second only to Babe Ruth in terms of stardom in America in the 1920s. He captured the heavyweight championship in 1919 and held onto it until 1926 -- a reign of terror that saw him compete in some of the highest-profile bouts in history to that point. [PAR] Nicknamed for the Colorado town in which he was born, \u201cThe Manassa Mauler\u201d scored wins over icons Jess Willard, Jack Sharkey, Luis Firpo, Billy Miske and Georges Carpentier, knocking out all of them. Dempsey was defeated in his two legendary brawls with fellow all-time great Gene Tunney in 1926 and 1927, losing both battles by decision. Some of his fights were so massive that they filled up Yankee Stadium, Soldier Field, the Polo Grounds and, of course, Madison Square Garden. [PAR] Dempsey retired with an overall record of 65-6-11 with 51 KOs. After his fighting career was over, he became a philanthropist and even joined the Coast Guard to help fight in World War II. To this day, old-time boxing historians claim Dempsey, small for a heavyweight by today\u2019s standards, could have easily knocked out everybody from Muhammad Ali to Mike Tyson. [PAR] HONORABLE MENTIONS: Stevie Johnston, Ron Lyle, Terron Millett, Mike Alvarado"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] German submarine sinks Lusitania - May 07, 1915 - HISTORY.com German submarine sinks Lusitania - May 07, 1915 - HISTORY.com [PAR] German submarine sinks Lusitania [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The earlier German attacks on merchant ships off the south coast of Ireland prompted the British Admiralty to warn the Lusitania to avoid the area or take simple evasive action, such as zigzagging to confuse U-boats plotting the vessel\u2019s course. The captain of the Lusitania ignored these recommendations, and at 2:12 p.m. on May 7, in the waters of the Celtic Sea, the 32,000-ton ship was hit by an exploding torpedo on its starboard side. The torpedo blast was followed by a larger explosion, probably of the ship\u2019s boilers. The Lusitania sank within 20 minutes. [PAR] Germany justified the attack by stating, correctly, that the Lusitania was an enemy ship, and that it was carrying munitions. It was primarily a passenger ship, however, and among the 1,201 drowned in the attack were many women and children, including 128 Americans. Colonel Edward House, close associate of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, was in London for a diplomatic visit when he learned of the Lusitania\u2018s demise. America has come to the parting of the ways, he wrote in a telegram to Wilson, when she must determine whether she stands for civilized or uncivilized warfare. We can no longer remain neutral spectators. [PAR] Wilson subsequently sent a strongly worded note to the German government\u2014the first of three similar communications\u2014demanding that it cease submarine warfare against unarmed merchant ships. Wilson\u2019s actions On the afternoon of May 7, 1915, the British ocean liner Lusitania is torpedoed without warning by a German submarine off the south coast of Ireland. [PAR] Faced with the overpowering size and strength of the British Royal Navy at the outset of World War I, Germany realized its most effective weapon at sea was its deadly accurate U-boat submarine. Consequently, in February 1915, the German navy adopted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, declaring the area around the British Isles a war zone, in which all merchant ships, including those from neutral countries, would be subject to attack. [PAR] Though the United States was officially neutral at this point in the war, Britain was one of the nation\u2019s closest trading partners, and tensions arose immediately over Germany\u2019s new policy. In early May 1915, several New York newspapers published a warning by the German embassy in Washington that Americans traveling on British or Allied ships in war zones did so at their own risk. On the same page, an advertisement announced the imminent sailing of the British cruise liner Lusitania from New York back to Liverpool. [PAR] prompted his secretary of state, the pacifist William Jennings Bryan, to resign. His successor, Robert Lansing, took quite a different view of the situation: the sinking of the Lusitania had convinced him that the United States could not maintain its neutrality forever, and would eventually be forced to enter the war against Germany. [PAR] On the German side, fear of further antagonizing Wilson and his government led Kaiser Wilhelm and Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg to issue an apology to the U.S. and enforce a curb on the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. By early 1917, however, under pressure from military leaders who advocated an aggressive naval policy as an integral component of German strategy in World War I, the government reversed its policy, and on February 1, 1917, Germany resumed its policy of unrestricted U-boat warfare. Two days later, Wilson announced that the U.S. was breaking diplomatic relations with Germany; the same day,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Close, Glenn: Why She Had Never Won the Oscar Despite ... Close, Glenn: Why She Had Never Won the Oscar Despite Multiple Noms | Emanuel Levy [PAR] Close, Glenn: Why She Had Never Won the Oscar Despite Multiple Noms [PAR] January 17, 2009 by EmanuelLevy Leave a Comment [PAR] Despite five Oscar nominations in six years, two of which as Best Actress, and three as Supporting Actress, so far, Glenn Close, who turned 61 last March, has not won the Oscar. [PAR] Will Close follow in the footsteps of Geraldine Page, another great New York stage actress, who finally won the Oscar at her eighth nomination Or will she follow the path of Deborah Kerr, who, despite six Best Actress nominations, had never won the coveted gold statuette. The Academy finally bestowed on Kerr the Honorary Oscar as a compensation for being snubbed so many times. [PAR] Close Oscar History [PAR] Close\u2019s meteoric rise to stardom also owes a debt to her first nomination. Close earned a supporting nomination for her screen debut, The World According to Garp, in which she played the plum role of Robin Williams\u2019s eccentric and liberated mother. In the following year, Close was the only actress from The Big Chill\u2019s gifted ensemble to be singled out by the Academy. The success of The Big Chill was largely based on ensemble acting by Kevin Kline, William Hurt, JoBeth Williams, and others. Yet only Close\u2019s performance was nominated, indicating that it wasn\u2019t just the high-quality of her acting, but also her newly gained status as an Oscar-caliber actress. [PAR] In 1984, Close earned her third consecutive nomination for The Natural, as Robert Redford\u2019s naive girlfriend. Neither the role nor her acting was extraordinary. Had another actress played the same role it would probably not have been recognized. Yet while watching The Natural, her fellow-actors focused their attention on her acting because of her Academy status. Close became a perennial nominee in the 1980s, making an effective transition from secondary to lead roles. [PAR] Ironically, it took a villainess role, that of the \u201cOther Woman,\u201d in the suspenseful blockbuster Fatal Attraction, to put Close at the forefront of leading ladies, for which she was rewarded with a fourth (and first Best Actress) nomination. \u201cI wanted to break out of the kinds of roles I used to do, because I was boring myself,\u201d Close said about her typecasting as an earth mother. Close\u2019s new, more sexual look convinced producers of her versatile talent and wider range. [PAR] In 1988, Stephen Frears cast her in the sumptuous costume picture, Dangerous Liaisons, playing another unsympathetic role, a manipulative French aristocrat, for which she received her fifth nomination. The cumulative effect of all that is that Close became a bankable star and one of Hollywood\u2019s most respectable actresses. [PAR] Glenn Close Oscar Nominations [PAR] 1982: Supporting Actress, The World According to Garp; the winner was Jessica Lange for Tootsie [PAR] 1983: Supporting Actress, The Big Chill; the winner was Linda Hunt for The Year of Living Dangerously [PAR] 1984: Supporting Actress, The Natural; the winner was Dame Peggy Ashcroft for A Passage to India [PAR] 1987: Best Actress, Fatal Attraction; the winner was Cher for Moonstruck [PAR] 1988: Best Actress, Dangerous Liaisons; the winner was Jodie Foster for The Accused[DOC] [TLE] Glenn Close - Biography - IMDb Glenn Close - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Glenn Close [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 202 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (83) | Personal Quotes (100) | Salary (7) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mario Puzo estate wants to cancel \u2018The Godfather\u2019 contract ... Mario Puzo Estate Wants To Cancel 'The Godfather' Contract with Paramount in Countersuit | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] 4:14pm PT by Eriq Gardner [PAR] Mario Puzo Estate Wants To Cancel 'The Godfather' Contract with Paramount in Countersuit [PAR] Controversy erupted after the estate of Mario Puzo had plans to license a new book sequel without Paramount's blessing. \"Paramount wanted a war, and they\u2019re going to get one,\" says estate attorney Bert Fields. [PAR] The estate of Mario Puzo, who wrote the novel that was adapted into the classic Francis Ford Coppola film, The Godfather, has fired back at Paramount Pictures' attempts to stop a new licensed literary sequel. On Monday, the Puzo estate filed an answer and counterclaim in New York federal court that alleges Paramount doesn't have as much hold on the Godfather franchise as the studio asserts. In fact, the Puzo estate now wishes to terminate its original 1969 rights grant to Paramount, which would have huge implications well beyond mere books. [PAR] Paramount filed its own lawsuit last month that sought an injunction to prevent the publishing of a book reportedly titled The Family Corleone, about Vito Corleone's rise to power in Depression-era New York, scheduled to be released in July. [PAR] The studio alleged in its lawsuit that the previous Godfather book sequel had tarnished the legacy of the famous mafia story and that it had agreements with the Puzo heirs not to come out with any more new sequels. [PAR] The Puzo estate, in its answer Monday, hit back at Paramount, denying many of the studio's claims, including that the Godfather 3 film was highly acclaimed. [PAR] But the center of controversy is the nature of the agreements made between the parties during the past half-century. [PAR] Paramount had previously asserted that it had gained most of the rights on the franchise, but the Puzo estate says that isn't true. The studio's wish to attain book rights was an offer that could be refused, according to the defendant. [PAR] Specifically, the estate says the 1967 rights agreement expressly excluded and reserved \"book publishing rights\" for Puzo, who died in 1999. [PAR] Two years later, the parties are said to have entered into a written contract of adhesion for certain rights, but that language was deleted from the contract that would have given Paramount the right \"to publish said work and/or any versions or adaptations thereof, and to vend copies thereof.\" [PAR] Paramount allegedly knew about this \"when it falsely pleaded the supposed content of that agreement,\" according to the estate. [PAR] The estate's legal filing stresses the fact that in those old deals, Puzo reserved and retained the right to publish books including characters from The Godfather in similar or new situations. [PAR] And as for a deal made about a decade ago, which supposedly allowed the Puzo estate to grant Random House the right to publish one -- \"but only one\" -- sequel novel, the estate's lawyers now say that \"Paramount's self-serving motivation was to coerce Mario Puzo's children into ceding to Paramount the motion picture rights in the first sequel novel without payment.\" [PAR] Paramount is now being countersued for breach of contract and tortuous interference. [PAR] The Puzo estate seeks the right to cancel and terminate its 1969 deal, which could cause uncertainty surrounding the studio's ongoing enjoyment of its lucrative franchise. Additionally, the estate is seeking in excess of $10 million in damages. The estate is being represented in court by Motty Shulman at Boies, Schiller & Flexner. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vehicle documents required for international road haulage ... Vehicle documents required for international road haulage - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Vehicle documents required for international road haulage [PAR] From: [PAR] Vehicle documents drivers need to legally cross international borders in a UK-registered vehicle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Further Information [PAR] When you drive a goods vehicle from one country to another, you must make sure that you have certain documents on board. [PAR] This guide provides information about the documents you will need as a driver to make sure that your vehicle is legally able to cross international borders. [PAR] Vehicle registration documents [PAR] If you take a UK-registered vehicle out of the country for less than 12 months, you must take documentation to show that you are authorised to possess the vehicle. This means you must carry the original Vehicle Registration Certificate (V5C) with you. [PAR] If you have not received the V5C certificate, or the original has been lost, stolen or defaced, you can download the application for a vehicle registration certificate (V62) . [PAR] If you take your vehicle out of the UK for more than 12 months (permanent export), you must notify the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency ( DVLA ) by completing the purple section, part 11 (V5C/4) of the VC5. It\u2019s important that you take your registration certificate with you as you may have to hand it to the relevant authority when the vehicle is registered abroad. [PAR] Read about taking a vehicle out of the UK permanently or temporarily . [PAR] If your vehicle is hired or leased, the supplier company is unlikely to let you have the original VC5. Instead you can apply for a Vehicle on Hire Certificate (VE103). This certificate is authenticated proof of permission from the owner to take the vehicle abroad. A Vehicle on Hire Certificate is valid for one year and you can buy one from motoring organisations such as: [PAR] Automobile Association (AA) [PAR] Road Haulage Association [PAR] Vehicle insurance documents [PAR] The basic EU legal requirement is third party vehicle insurance. This covers injury to other people, including your passengers, damage to or loss of other peoples\u2019 property resulting from an accident caused by you. It doesn\u2019t cover any costs incurred by you as a result of an accident. [PAR] Third party, fire and theft provides the same cover as third party but also includes fire damage and theft of the vehicle. [PAR] Fully comprehensive provides the same cover as third party, fire and theft and additionally covers any damage to your vehicle. [PAR] Every motor insurance policy issued in the EU must provide the minimum insurance cover required by law in any other EU country. [PAR] Green Card [PAR] In many countries, even those within the EU where a UK insurance certificate is acceptable, you may be asked to produce a Green Card. The Green Card is not an insurance cover. It simply provides proof, in those countries where the Green Card is valid, that the minimum third party liability cover required by law in the visited country is in force. [PAR] If your insurers aren\u2019t able to issue a Green Card, you can find alternative suppliers on the MIB website . The MIB operates the Green Card system in the UK. [PAR] Insurance for goods in transit [PAR] In some countries, you may need to produce a certificate of insurance for the goods carried to avoid paying a premium. See the guide on moving goods by road . [PAR] It\u2019s also important to ensure that the risk of goods being damaged, delayed,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Sharkey, Boxing Champion, Dies at 91 - NYTimes.com Jack Sharkey, Boxing Champion, Dies at 91 - NYTimes.com [PAR] Jack Sharkey, Boxing Champion, Dies at 91 [PAR] By ROBERT McG. THOMAS Jr. [PAR] Published: August 19, 1994 [PAR] Jack Sharkey, the bantering, cocksure boxer who captured the world heavyweight championship in an unlikely victory over Max Schmeling in 1932 and relinquished it a year and eight days later in an even less likely loss to Primo Carnera, died on Wednesday at the Beverly, Mass., hospital. He was 91 years old and had been the oldest former heavyweight champion. [PAR] His family said the cause of death was respiratory arrest. [PAR] For all the glory of his yearlong reign as champion, Sharkey's entire 13-year career was studded with bright-line footnotes to the Golden Age of Boxing. [PAR] Among other things, his battered body served as the lone bridge between successive eras. He was at once the only man to have faced two sets of champions who never fought each other, Jack Dempsey and Schmeling and Dempsey and Joe Louis. Sharkey-Dempsey in 1927 [PAR] Partly because he had changed his Lithuanian name to win acceptance in the Irish-dominated boxing world of Boston and partly because he was a bit better at boasting than he was at boxing, Sharkey was as hated as Dempsey was beloved when the two faced each other at Yankee Stadium on July 21, 1927. [PAR] Through the first six rounds, the resounding boos that had greeted Sharkey's introduction were largely stilled as it became painfully obvious that the 32-year-old Dempsey, who had lost the championship to Gene Tunney the previous September, was no match for the 24-year-old Sharkey. [PAR] Then in the seventh, Dempsey, swinging furiously, landed a low right and Sharkey, clutching his midriff, turned to the referee to complain. While he was looking away, Dempsey landed a haymaker that knocked Sharkey into the middle of the previous morning. After he revived, Sharkey reminded his manager that he was to fight Dempsey that night. No Apologies From Dempsey [PAR] For Dempsey, the knockout was the last victory of his career, and he did not apologize for it. [PAR] When asked why he had hit a man who wasn't looking, Dempsey replied, \"What was I supposed to do, mail him a letter?\" [PAR] Sharkey's first title fight also featured a famous low blow and his last produced an even more famous complaint. [PAR] On June 12, 1930, fighting Schmeling for the title that had been vacant since Tunney's retirement two years earlier, Sharkey landed a low blow in the fourth round, knocking Schmeling out, but giving the German the title by foul. [PAR] Within months, New York State boxing authorities abolished the foul rule. From then on, the penalty for a low blow was a loss of round and any resulting knockouts were allowed to stand. [PAR] Two years later, after fighting Mickey Walker to a famous draw and winning a decision over Carnera in 1931, Sharkey fought Schmeling again, on June 21, 1932, winning the title in a controversial split decision that drew boos from the crowd and a legendary lament from Schmeling's manager, Joe Jacobs, who shouted into the radio microphone, \"We wuz robbed.\" Knocked Out by Canera [PAR] Sharkey did not defend his title until a year later, when Carnera, a half-foot taller at 6-6, landed a stunning right-hand uppercut that knocked Sharkey out in the sixth round. [PAR] After two more losses, Sharkey retired, but made a comeback in late 1935 that lasted until Aug. 18, 1936, when he faced a young"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Misfits (1961) - IMDb The Misfits (1961) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A divorcee falls for an over-the-hill cowboy who is struggling to maintain his romantically independent lifestyle. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 15 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 20 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 15 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Misfits \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A naive but stubborn cowboy falls in love with a saloon singer and tries to take her away against her will to get married and live on his ranch in Montana. [PAR] Director: Joshua Logan [PAR] When billionaire Jean-Marc Clement learns that he is to be satirized in an off-Broadway revue, he passes himself off as an actor playing him in order to get closer to the beautiful star of the show, Amanda Dell. [PAR] Director: George Cukor [PAR] An American showgirl becomes entangled in political intrigue when the prince regent of a foreign country attempts to seduce her. [PAR] Director: Laurence Olivier [PAR] The title river unites a farmer recently released from prison, his young son, and an ambitious saloon singer. In order to survive, each must be purged of anger, and each must learn to understand and care for the others. [PAR] Directors: Otto Preminger, Jean Negulesco [PAR] Stars: Robert Mitchum, Marilyn Monroe, Rory Calhoun [PAR] As two couples are visiting Niagara Falls, tensions between one wife and her husband reach the level of murder. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] When his family goes away for the summer, a so far faithful husband is tempted by a beautiful neighbor. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] Three women set out to find eligible millionaires to marry, but find true love in the process. [PAR] Director: Jean Negulesco [PAR] Showgirls Lorelei Lee and Dorothy Shaw travel to Paris, pursued by a private detective hired by the suspicious father of Lorelei's fianc\u00e9, as well as a rich, enamored old man and many other doting admirers. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] Molly and Terry Donahue, plus their three children, are The Five Donahues. Son Tim meets hat-check girl Vicky and the family act begins to fall apart. [PAR] Director: Walter Lang [PAR] A major heist goes off as planned, until bad luck and double crosses cause everything to unravel. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A chemist finds his personal and professional life turned upside down when one of his chimpanzees finds the fountain of youth. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] After being dumped by his girlfriend, an airline pilot pursues a babysitter in his hotel and gradually realizes she's dangerous. [PAR] Director: Roy Ward Baker [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Roslyn Taber, the type of woman who turns heads easily, recently came to Reno to get a quickie divorce, she having no idea what to do with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Riverwalk Jazz - Stanford University Libraries Riverwalk Jazz - Stanford University Libraries [PAR] STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES [PAR] Bix Lives! A Celebration of the Music of Bix Beiderbecke [PAR] [PAR] Bix Beiderbecke photo in public domain. [PAR] In the early 1920s, a shy genius from Davenport, Iowa set the music world on its ear with his pure jazz cornet style and inventive compositions. Bix Beiderbecke embodied the spirit of the Jazz Age. His combination of a unique talent and a tragically short life won Bix a place in the pantheon of jazz mythology. [PAR] [PAR] Louis Armstrong echoed the thoughts of a generation when he wrote in his autobiography My Life in New Orleans, \u201cEvery musician in the world knew and admired Bix. We all respected him as if he had been a god.\u201d Beiderbecke is a great hero to bandleader Jim Cullum. The first time Jim heard Bix\u2019 records as a teenager, Beiderbecke\u2019s playing simply blew him away. Jim memorized Bix solos by whistling them because he did not have a horn. Jim fondly recalls his father\u2019s musician friends listening and re-listening to Bix solos on their old 78s, over and over, until he could see deep grooves in the shellac each time Bix took a solo. [PAR] [PAR] Bix Beiderbecke was born in 1903. The child of a prosperous, middle-class family of German descent, Bix showed a prodigious talent for picking out melodies by ear on the piano when he was little more than a toddler. He heard his first jazz by way of 78-RPM discs of the Original Dixieland Jass Band brought home by his older brother. At that time, the ODJB was a smash-hit novelty band from New Orleans. [PAR] [PAR] Only a few years older than Bix, Louis Armstrong said he first met the young Beiderbecke on one of his many trips aboard the Mississippi riverboats that regularly called on Davenport from New Orleans. Later, both Bix and Louis avowed that the other was \u201cthe best horn player he had ever heard.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] On our radio show this week, The Jim Cullum Jazz Band celebrates the freewheeling, \u2018anything goes\u2019 spirit of Bix' boundless creative energy as captured on recordings during his short, seven-year career. The tunes featured on our program derive from various periods of Bix' musical legacy, including a sampling of his reflective, Impressionist piano compositions, \"In a Mist\" and \"In the Dark,\" performed by pianist John Sheridan. [PAR] [PAR] Bix and the Wolverines, photo in public domain. [PAR] [PAR] Bix made his 1924 recording debut with an eight-piece band, The Wolverine Orchestra. Their models were the Original Dixieland Jass Band and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings. Typical Wolverines live performances featured solos followed by multiple choruses in which all the instruments improvised at the same time, each chorus hotter than the last. These extended hot sessions could never be captured on recordings due to the typical 3-minute playing-time limit of 78-rpm discs. The Wolverines were one of the first bands to benefit from Bix\u2019 powerful influence. Young players in the early 20s, The Wolverines hung around Indiana University in Bloomington playing frat house parties and college dances before Bix lifted them up to wider renown. [PAR] [PAR] The genius of Bix Beiderbecke\u2019s cornet playing was\u2014and still is\u2014revered by musicians. According to the Oxford Companion to Jazz: \"Where Armstrong's playing was bravura, regularly optimistic, and openly emotional, Beiderbecke's contained a range of intellectual alternatives. Where Armstrong, at the head of an ensemble, played it hard, straight and true, Beiderbecke, like a shadow-boxer, invented his own way of phrasing 'around the lead.' Where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brief Biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand Brief Biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand [PAR] Share [PAR] By Kallie Szczepanski [PAR] The current king of Thailand , Bhumibol Adulyadej, is the longest-reigning monarch in the world today, as well as Thailand's longest-reigning king ever. The beloved king's common name is pronounced \"POO-mee-pohn uh-DOON-ja-deht\"; his throne name is Rama IX. [PAR] Early Life: [PAR] Born a second son, and with his birth taking place outside of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej was never meant to rule. His reign came about through a mysterious act of violence. Since then, the King has been a calm presence at the center of Thailand's stormy political life. [PAR] On December 5, 1927, a Thai princess gave birth to a son named Bhumibol Adulyadej (\"Strength of the Land, Incomparable Power\") in a Cambridge, Massachusetts hospital. The family was in the United States because the child's father, Prince Mahidol, was studying for a Public Health certificate at Harvard University . His mother studied nursing at Simmons College . The boy was the second son for Prince Mahidol and Princess Srinagarindra. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] When Bhumibol was a year old, his family returned to Thailand, where his father took up an intership in a hospital in Chiang Mai . Prince Mahidol was in poor health, though, and died of kidney and liver failure in September of 1929. [PAR] Schooling in Switzerland: [PAR] In 1932, a coalition of military officers and civil servants staged a coup against King Rama VII . The \"Revolution of 1932\" ended the Chakri Dynasty's absolute rule and created a constitutional monarchy. Concerned for their safety, Princess Srinagarindra took her two young sons and little daughter to Switzerland the following year. The children were placed into Swiss schools. [PAR] In March of 1935, King Rama VII abdicated in favor of his 9-year-old nephew, Bhumibol's older brother Ananda Mahidol. The child king and his siblings remained in Switzerland, however, and two regents ruled the kingdom in his name. Ananda Mahidol returned to Thailand in 1938, but Bhumibol remained in Europe. The younger brother continued his studies in Switzerland until 1945, when he left the University of Lausanne at the end of World War II . [PAR] Mysterious Succession: [PAR] On June 9, 1946, King Ananda Mahidol died in his palace bedroom of a single gunshot wound to the head. It was never conclusively proven whether his death was murder, accident or suicide, although two royal pages and the king's personal secretary were convicted and executed for assassinating him. [PAR] 18-year-old Prince Bhumibol had gone in to his brother's room about 20 minutes before the gun went off, so conspiracy theorists have long implicated him in Ananda Mahidol's death. Bhumibol's uncle was appointed his Prince Regent, and the new king returned to the University of Lausanne to finish his degree. In deference to his new role, he changed his major from science to political science and law. [PAR] Accident and Marriage: [PAR] Just as his father had done in Massachusetts, Bhumibol met his wife-to-be while studying overseas. The young king often went to Paris, where he met the daughter of Thailand's ambassador to France, a student named Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kiriyakara. Bhumibol and Sirikit began a demure courtship based on taking in Paris' tourist sights . [PAR] In October of 1948, Bhumibol rear-ended a truck and was seriously injured. He lost his right eye and suffered a painful back injury. Sirikit spent a lot of time nursing and entertaining the injured king; his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bernstein's Mass by Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - issuu Bernstein's Mass by Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] LEONARD BERNSTEIN\u2019S [PAR] MARIN ALSOP, MUSIC DIRECTOR BALTIMORE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA OCTOBER 16, 17 AND 18, 2008 [PAR] Leonard Bernstein\u2019s daughter discusses her father\u2019s personality, musical philosophies and the genesis of Mass. [PAR] 6 [PAR] Bernstein\u2019s Journey for Answers As the celebration marking what would be Leonard Bernstein\u2019s 90th birthday kicks into gear, BSO Music Director Marin Alsop remembers her former mentor and the personal connections that give meaning to his music. [PAR] 8 11 14 [PAR] PHOTO COURTESY OF THE LEONARD BERNSTEIN OFFICE [PAR] Mass : An Artist\u2019s Manifesto [PAR] Artist\u2019s Manifesto [PAR] By Jamie Bernstein [PAR] PROGRAM TEXT AND TRANSLATION [PAR] Leonard Bernstein\u2019s daughter discusses her father\u2019s personality, his musical philosophies and the genesis of Mass. [PAR] A [PAR] PHOTO BY PAUL DE HUECK [PAR] 3 [PAR] PHOTOS COURTESY OF THE LEONARD BERNSTEIN OFFICE [PAR] contents [PAR] s I see it, two main engines drove my father forward in his creative life: the dualities in his personality and his perpetual confrontations with figures of authority. Of all Leonard Bernstein\u2019s works, none demonstrates a grander synthesis of all these creative cross-currents than Mass. As a result, Mass is his most deeply personal work. Bernstein really was a bundle of contradictions. On the one hand, he was the most extroverted guy you could ever meet. How he loved people! All kinds of people. He loved playing the piano at parties until the wee hours; all-night talk sessions with students; noisy dinners with family and friends. This was the Lenny who became a conductor and a teacher, the communicator extraordinaire, on the podium and on television. On the other hand, Bernstein was a [PAR] composer: an introverted, lonely dreamer who stayed up all night working, chain-smoking cigarettes and staring down his demons. Within Bernstein the composer, there were yet more contradictions. He wrote for the concert hall, but he also wrote for the Broadway stage. Eventually, my father found ways to cross-pollinate the two kinds of music he loved best, creating a perfect bridge between the concert stage and the Broadway pit. Bernstein\u2019s orchestral music is joyous, full of tunes and bursting with catchy rhythms\u2014 while his Broadway scores are as elegantly constructed as a Beethoven symphony. Mass combines all of these elements and more into a single, passionate expression of my father\u2019s own multifarious personality. One of the original sources of tension in [PAR] my father\u2019s life\u2014and therefore a main source of energy\u2014was his relationship with his creator: both the spiritual and the biological one. Bernstein was raised by his Russian immigrant parents in a fairly traditional Eastern European Jewish environment. He went to synagogue regularly, had his barmitzvah and grew up in the dense atmosphere of his father Sam\u2019s devotion to the Talmud. Sam Bernstein ran a successful hair and beauty supply business in Boston, and was proud to be able to pass such an excellent business opportunity along to his eldest son. But Bernstein didn\u2019t want to run the Samuel Bernstein Hair Company! He wanted to be a musician.Yet for Sam, who grew up in the shtetls of Poland and Russia, a musician was little more than a beggar who bummed from village to village, from wedding to continued on pg. 4 [PAR] B e r n s t e i n \u2019s M a s s C o m m e m o r a t i v e Pr o g r a m [PAR] 3 [PAR] PHOTO COURTESY OF THE LEONARD BERNSTEIN OFFICE [PAR] Maybe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Big Hunk o' Love by Elvis Presley : Elvis Presley Lyrics ... A Big Hunk o' Love by Elvis Presley : Elvis Presley Lyrics : The Elvis SongDataBase [PAR] Lyrics Home \u203a Elvis Presley.News \u203a Elvis Photos \u203a Elvis SongDataBase \u203a Sitemap \u203a [PAR] Elvis Presley Lyrics [PAR] A Big Hunk O' Love [PAR] Words & Music by Aaron Schroeder and Sid Wayne [PAR] Hey baby, I ain't askin' much of you [PAR] No no no no no no no no baby, I ain't askin' much of you [PAR] Just a big-a big-a hunk o' love will do [PAR] Don't be a stingy little mama [PAR] You're 'bout to starve me half to death [PAR] Well you can spare a kiss or two and [PAR] Still have plenty left, no no no [PAR] Baby, I ain't askin' much of you [PAR] Just a big-a big-a hunk o' love will do [PAR] You're just a natural born beehive [PAR] Filled with honey to the top [PAR] Well I ain't greedy baby [PAR] All I want is all you got, no no no [PAR] Baby, I ain't askin' much of you [PAR] Just a big-a big-a hunk o' love will do [PAR] I got wishbone in my pocket [PAR] I got a rabbit's foot 'round my wrist [PAR] You know I'd have all the things these lucky charms could bring [PAR] If you'd give me just one sweet kiss, no no no no no no no [PAR] Baby, I ain't askin' much of you [PAR] Just a big-a big-a hunk o' love will do [PAR] Recorded: 1958/06/10, first released on single [PAR] Nashville Sessions [PAR] June 10, Elvis managed to squeeze in a quick Nashville recording session. [PAR] His last session until the spring of 1960 after his discharge from active duty. [PAR] June 10, 1958 RCA Studio B - Nashville, Tennessee [PAR] I Got Stung J2WB 3257-24 [PAR] At this session, one of his best, Elvis recorded 'I Need Your Love Tonight', 'A Big Hunk O' Love', 'Ain't That Loving You Baby', 'Ain't That Loving You Baby' (Fast Version), '(Now And Then There's A) Fool Such As I' and 'I Got Stung'. All except 'Ain't That Loving You Baby' were released in 1958 / 1959 with great success. [PAR] 'Wear My Ring Around Your Neck' #3 / 'Doncha' Think It's Time' #21 April '58 [PAR] 'One Night' #4 / 'I Got Stung' #8 October '58 [PAR] '(Now And Then There's A) Fool Such As I' #2 / 'I Need Your Love Tonight' #4 March '59 [PAR] 'A Big Hunk O' Love' #1 / 'My Wish Came True' #12 June '59 [PAR] ('My Wish Came True' was from the September '57 sessions.) [PAR] Find on CD : Studio [PAR] Aloha From Hawaii CD [PAR] Elvis Presley makes television and entertainment history with his Elvis: Aloha from Hawaii - Via Satellite special. Performed at the Honolulu International Center Arena on January 14, 1973, broadcast live at 12:30 AM Hawaiian time, beamed via Globecam Satellite to Australia, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, South Vietnam and other countries. It is seen on a delayed basis in around thirty European countries. A tape of the show will be seen in America on April 4th on NBC. The live broadcast in January attracts 37.8% of the viewers in Japan, 91.8% in the Philippines, 70% in Hong Kong, and 70-80% of the viewers in Korea. The April showing in America will attract 51% of the television viewing audience, and will be seen in more American households than man\u2019s first walk on the moon. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chuck Berry records \u201cMaybellene\u201d - May 21, 1955 - HISTORY.com Chuck Berry records \u201cMaybellene\u201d - May 21, 1955 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Chuck Berry records \u201cMaybellene\u201d [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] John Lennon once famously said that \u201cif you tried to give rock and roll another name, you might call it \u2018Chuck Berry.'\u201d That\u2019s how foundational Berry\u2019s contributions were to the music that changed America and the world beginning in the mid-1950s. Even more than Elvis Presley, who was an incomparable performer, but of other people\u2019s songs, Chuck Berry created the do-it-yourself template that most rock-and-rollers still seek to follow. If there can be said to be a single day on which his profound influence on the sound and style of rock and roll began, it was this day in 1955, when an unknown Chuck Berry paid his first visit to a recording studio and cut the record that would make him famous: \u201cMaybellene.\u201d [PAR] Berry was a part-time professional musician in his native St. Louis and primarily a performer of the blues, but an avid experimenter with other sounds. On a visit to Chicago in May 1955, Berry approached his idol, the great bluesman Muddy Waters, to ask for career advice. Waters pointed him in the direction of his record label, Chess Records, where Berry managed a face-to-face meeting with Leonard Chess and an invitation to return for an audition later that week. When Berry returned, he hoped that Chess would sign him on the strength of one of his blues numbers, but it was a strange rhythm-and-blues/country-western hybrid called \u201cIda Red\u201d that caught Chess\u2019s ear. Before it was recorded, \u201cIda Red\u2019 got new lyrics to go with a new title\u2014\u201dMaybellene\u201d\u2014but it retained the totally original sound that Berry had given it. [PAR] Berry returned to St. Louis unsure of what would come of his Chicago recording session. In the meantime, Leonard Chess made a business deal that was commonplace at the time, trading co-songwriting credit and a third of royalties to the prominent DJ Alan Freed in exchange for his help in promoting \u201cMaybellene.\u201d While audiences legitimately went wild over the backbeat-meets-hillbilly sound of \u201cMaybellene,\u201d it surely did not hurt the record\u2019s chances of success to have Freed play the single for two hours straight during his WINS radio show in the early summer of 1955. Chuck Berry had returned to his part-time job in construction and begun training to be a hairdresser when \u201cMaybellene\u201d hit the airwaves. After \u201cMaybellene\u201d became a #1 R&B hit and a #5 pop hit\u2014the first hit rock-and-roll single by a black performer\u2014Berry set down his hammer and scissors in favor of his Gibson ES-350T and major place in American cultural history. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] BangShift Daily Tune Up: Maybellene \u2013 Chuck Berry (1955) BangShift.com BangShift Daily Tune Up: Maybellene - Chuck Berry (1955) - BangShift.com [PAR] Jun 04, 2016 Brian Lohnes BS Daily Tune Up 2 [PAR] Chuck Berry always seemed to be having issues with women and cars at the same time. There was the chick whose \u201csafety belt wouldn\u2019t budge\u201d and in this song there is the famously lead-footed temptress Maybellene who has stolen the heart of the singer by cheating on him with another dude. The problem for him is that despite his best efforts, she\u2019s also got a faster car to escape the scene with! [PAR] A big hit upon its release, more than one million copies of Maybellene were sold and it was ranked in the top five of that year\u2019s song releases. It is also considered one of the first true rock and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Janet Jackson's 10 Biggest Hit Songs - Black Enterprise Janet Jackson's 10 Biggest Hit Songs [PAR] R&B About.com compiled a list of Jackson\u2019s top 20 greatest hits, check out the list below: [PAR] 1993: \u201cThat\u2019s The Way Love Goes\u201d [PAR] Janet Jackson\u2019s first platinum single and 4th number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100. With over three million copies sold worldwide she earned a Grammy Award for Best R & B Song. [PAR] 1993: \u201cAgain\u201d [PAR] \u201cAgain,\u201d composed by Janet Jackson, Jimmy Jam, and Terry Lewis for the movie Poetic Justice, earned an Academy Award nomination and a Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Song. She starred in the film with Tupac Shakur. [PAR] 2000: \u201cAll For You\u201d [PAR] Janet Jackson\u2019s tenth number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2000. Remaining at the top of the chart for seven weeks more than any other song that year, the song earned a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording and an ASCAP Award for Song of the Year. [PAR] 1989: \u201cMiss You Much\u201d [PAR] Janet Jackson\u2019s first platinum single in 1989 and the song spent 4 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100. On top of its Billboards success, it was the longest-running number one of 1989 and was also the second-best selling single and the biggest radio airplay song of the year. [PAR] 1986: \u201cWhen I Think Of You\u201d [PAR] Janet Jackson\u2019s first number one single on the Billboard Hot 100. At 20 years-old she became the youngest artist to top the chart since Stevie Wonder hit number one at the age of 13 in 1963. [PAR] 1989: \u201cRhythm Nation 1814\u201d [PAR] From BMI Pop Awards for Most Played Song and Songwriter of the Year, to a Billboard Award for Top Dance/Club Play Single and a Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video, Rhythm Nation received several honors, influenced several artist such as Lady Gaga and even sparked a new fashion trend\u2014an all black military style look. [PAR] 1986: \u201cControl\u201d [PAR] Competing against her legendary brother, Michael Jackson, Janet won a Soul Train Music Award for Best R & B/Soul or Rap Music Video. [PAR] 1986: \u201cWhat Have You Done For Me Lately\u201d [PAR] The first single from Janet Jackson\u2019s third album Control. It was nominated for a Grammy for Best R &B Song and Jackson performed it at the 29th annual Grammy Awards in 1987. [PAR] 1995:\u201dScream\u201d with Michael JacksonThe first single from Michael Jackson\u2019s ninth studio album, HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I, and his first duet with sister Janet. The video won a Grammy and three MTV Video Music Awards. [PAR] 1990: \u201cLove Will Never Do Without You\u201d [PAR] Janet Jackson\u2019s became her fifth number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100. [PAR] Read more at RandBabout.com \u2026"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An Oral History of \u2018Ms.\u2019 Magazine -- New York Magazine An Oral History of \ufffdMs.\u2019 Magazine -- New York Magazine [PAR] Ms. staff meeting in June 1972. From left: Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Gloria Steinem, Margaret Sloan-Hunter, Suzanne Levine, Mary Thom, Harriet Lyons, Patricia Carbine, and Ruth Sullivan. [PAR] (Photo: Nancy Crampton) [PAR] In the years leading up to the birth of Ms., women had trouble getting a credit card without a man\u2019s signature, had few legal rights when it came to divorce or reproduction, and were expected to aspire solely to marriage and motherhood. Job listings were segregated (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdHelp wanted, male\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd). There was no Title IX (banning sex discrimination in federally funded athletic programs); no battered-women\u2019s shelters, rape-crisis centers, and no terms such as sexual harassment and domestic violence. [PAR] Few women ran magazines, even when the readership was entirely female, and they weren\u2019t permitted to write the stories they felt were important; the focus had to be on fashion, recipes, cosmetics, or how to lure a man and keep him interested. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWhen I suggested political stories to The New York Times Sunday Magazine, my editor just said something like, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdI don\u2019t think of you that way,\u2019 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd recalls Gloria Steinem. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIt was all pale male faces in, on, and running media,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd says Robin Morgan, who was Ms.\u2019s editor in the late eighties and early nineties. [PAR] But in the mid-sixties, feminist organizations such as New York Radical Women,Redstockings, and NOW began to emerge. On March 18, 1970, about a hundred women stormed into the male editor\u2019s office of Ladies\u2019 Home Journal and staged a sit-in for eleven hours, demanding that the magazine hire a female editor-in-chief. Says feminist activist-writer Vivian Gornick, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIt was a watershed moment. It showed us, the activists in the women\u2019s movement, that we did, indeed, have a movement.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] See Also: [PAR] \u2022 Emily Nussbaum on the Rise of the Feminist Blogosphere [PAR] By age 29, Gloria Steinem had forged a reputation as a smart, pithy writer with her 1963 expos\u00e9 in Show magazine about going undercover as a Playboy Bunny. She was a staff writer at New York Magazine when it debuted in 1968, along with Jimmy Breslin and Tom Wolfe. Radicalized by an abortion speak-out, which she covered for New York in 1969, Steinem started spending more time thinking, writing, and giving talks about feminism. She testified in the Senate in 1970 on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment, and co-founded the Women\u2019s Action Alliance and the National Women\u2019s Political Caucus in 1971. That same year, she helped launchMs. magazine,which became the first periodical ever to be created, owned, and operated entirely by women. A forty-page excerpt of its preview issue was published in the December 20, 1971, issue of this magazine. Here are the stories of the women who were there. [PAR] Gloria\u2019s Living Room [PAR] In early 1971, Gloria Steinem and attorney/activist Brenda Feigen hosted a crowd of female journalists at two meetings in their respective apartments\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSteinem\u2019s in the East Seventies, Feigen\u2019s in Tudor City\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdto brainstorm ideas for a possible publication for women. [PAR] Brenda Feigen (co-founder, with Steinem, of the Women\u2019s Action Alliance, 1971): It was amazing: jammed with well-known women writers, journalists, and activists. All of them said, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWe can\u2019t get real stories about women published.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Jane O\u2019Reilly (contributor, 1971\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd90s): People were sitting on the floor, on chairs, hanging from rafters. When it came to all the topics proposed, it struck me as being like your first trip to Europe: You think you have to go to every single country because you might never get to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fistful Of Dynamite - The Bridge ( filming location ... Fistful Of Dynamite - The Bridge ( filming location ) Sergio Leone - YouTube [PAR] Fistful Of Dynamite - The Bridge ( filming location ) Sergio Leone [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 3, 2011 [PAR] MY FACEBOOK PAGE http://www.facebook.com/pages/On-The-... [PAR] One of the best scenes in \"Fistful Of Dynamite\" (aka \"Duck You Sucker, Giu' la testa), directed by the great Sergio Leone. Starring: James Cuburn & Rod Steiger. [PAR] The bridge was located in Almeria, Spain [PAR] Gi\u00f9 la Testa, roughly translated as Duck Your Head) also known as Duck, You Sucker! and Once Upon a Time... the Revolution is a 1971 Spaghetti western film directed by Sergio Leone. Leone was known to prefer the title Duck, You Sucker!, which he was convinced was a frequently used American phrase. Its plot is centered on two individuals, a poor Mexican bandit (played by Rod Steiger) and an ex-Irish Republican Army revolutionary (James Coburn), who meet during the turbulent Mexican Revolution [PAR] Compared to Leone's previous films, the Clint Eastwood \"man with no name\" trilogy and Once Upon a Time in the West, his new work A Fistful of Dynamite gained lukewarm reviews and little notice. One reason could be Leone's insistence on using the Duck, You Sucker title, which gave potential movie-goers the mistaken impression that the film would be a comic western. (Duck, You Sucker is a fairly direct translation of the repeated phrase of the film, \"Gi\u00f9 la Testa, coglione!\" in the Italian version, where however the movie was titled just \"Gi\u00f9 la Testa\"). Leone was convinced the phrase \"duck, you sucker\" was a popular American expression, contrary to the advice of his American stars Rod Steiger and James Coburn that they had never heard of that phrase. When the film was edited for a re-release in 1972, it was re-titled A Fistful of Dynamite by the studio, hoping to capitalize on Leone's first hit, A Fistful of Dollars. [PAR] Although the film is often overlooked in Leone's \u0153uvre, many critics have praised its cinematography and its quirky score by Ennio Morricone. The film itself has gained greater stature over time. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Estonia - Infoplease Estonia [PAR] U.S. Department of State Background Note [PAR] Estonia [PAR] Estonia [PAR] GEOGRAPHY [PAR] Between 57.3 and 59.5 degrees latitude and 21.5 and 28.1 degrees longitude, Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level, northwestern part of the rising East European platform. Average elevation reaches only 50 meters (160 ft.). [PAR] The climate resembles New England's. Oil shale and limestone deposits, along with forests that cover 47% of the land, play key economic roles in this generally resource-poor country. Estonia boasts more than 1,500 lakes, numerous bogs, and 3,794 kilometers of coastline marked by numerous bays, straits, and inlets. Tallinn's Muuga port offers one of Europe's finest warm water harbor facilities. [PAR] Estonia's strategic location has precipitated many wars fought on its territory between other rival powers at its expense. In 1944, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) granted Russia the trans-Narva and Petseri regions on Estonia's eastern frontier. Russia and Estonia signed a border treaty in 2005 recognizing the current border. Estonia ratified the treaty in June 2005, but Russia subsequently revoked its signature to the treaty, due to a reference the Estonian Parliament inserted regarding the Peace Treaty of Tartu. [PAR] PEOPLE [PAR] Estonians belong to the Balto-Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric peoples, as do the Finns and the Hungarians. Archaeological research confirms the existence of human activity in the region as early as 8,000 BC, but by 3,500 BC the principal ancestors of the Estonians had arrived from the east. [PAR] Estonians have strong ties to the Nordic countries today stemming from deep cultural and religious influences gained over centuries during Scandinavian colonization and settlement. This highly literate society places great emphasis upon education, which is free and compulsory until age 16. About 20% of the population belongs to the following churches registered in Estonia: Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church, Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church, Estonian Orthodox Church subordinated to the Moscow Patriarchate, Baptist Church, Roman Catholic Church, and others. [PAR] As of November 2006, 84.6% of Estonia's population held Estonian citizenship, 7.6% were citizens of other countries (primarily Russia), and 8.8% were of undetermined citizenship. [PAR] Written with the Latin alphabet, Estonian is the language of the Estonian people and the official language of the country. Estonian is one of the world's most difficult languages to learn for English-speakers: it has fourteen cases, which can be a challenge even for skilled linguists. During the Soviet era, the Russian language was imposed for official use. [PAR] HISTORY [PAR] Ancient [PAR] Estonians are one of the longest-settled European peoples and have lived along the Baltic Sea for over 5,000 years. The Estonians were an independent nation until the 13th century A.D. The country was then subsequently conquered by Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, and finally Russia, whose defeat of Sweden in 1721 resulted in the Uusikaupunki Peace Treaty, granting Russia rule over what became modern Estonia. [PAR] First Period of Independence [PAR] Independence remained out of reach for Estonia until the collapse of the Russian empire during World [PAR] War I. Estonia declared itself an independent democratic republic in November 1918. In 1920, by the Peace Treaty of Tartu, Soviet Russia recognized Estonia's independence and renounced in perpetuity all rights to its territory. [PAR] The first constitution of the Republic of Estonia was adopted in 1920 and established a parliamentary form of government. Estonia's independence would last for 22 years, during which time Estonia guaranteed cultural autonomy to all minorities, including its small Jewish population, an act that was unique in Western Europe at the time. [PAR] Soviet Period"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clayton Moore, the Lone Ranger RETURN WITH US NOW TO THE THRILLING DAYS OF YESTERYEAR! [PAR] CLAYTON MOORE AS THE LONE RANGER RIDES AGAIN! [PAR] Click on the above button to hear \"Hi Yo Silver, Away\"[DOC] [TLE] The Lone Ranger (TV Series 1949\u20131957) - Quotes - IMDb The Lone Ranger (TV Series 1949\u20131957) - Quotes - IMDb [PAR] Share this: Facebook | Twitter | Permalink Hide options [PAR] [earliest episodes] [PAR] The Lone Ranger : Only you, Tonto, know I'm alive. To the world, I'll buried here beside my brother and my friends... forever. [PAR] Tonto : You are alone now. Last man. You are lone ranger. [PAR] The Lone Ranger : Yes, Tonto, I am... the Lone Ranger."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of UAA | University of Alaska Anchorage History of UAA | | University of Alaska Anchorage [PAR] The population of Anchorage is 30,060. [PAR] University of Alaska begins offering courses on Southcentral military bases. [PAR] Dr. Terris Moore, President of the University of Alaska (UA), and Regents Elmer Rasmuson and Earl Albrecht worked to expand the University from Fairbanks campus by bringing courses to military bases and developing community colleges. [PAR] 1953 [PAR] Territorial Community College Act establishes a framework for cooperation between school districts and the University of Alaska. [PAR] 1954 [PAR] The first community colleges are formed at Anchorage and Ketchikan. [PAR] Anchorage Community College (ACC), a joint venture of the Anchorage Independent School District and the University of Alaska, opens the second floor of what is now West High School. It offers primarily academic and business related courses, 385 students enrolled in the first semester. LeVake Renshaw, local consulting engineer, was the first student to enroll, and went on to earn a degree from UAF. [PAR] Dr. LeRoy Good named the first ACC Director. [PAR] 1956 [PAR] [PAR] First graduation from ACC. One graduate, Vincent Earl Demarest, receives an Associate of Arts Degree in Business Administration. [PAR] 1957 [PAR] Melvin Huden named ACC Director. [PAR] 1958 [PAR] Founding of the first student newspaper, the \u201cCampus Courier\u201d. [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Alaska enters the Union as the 49th state. [PAR] Eugene Short named ACC Chief Executive Officer. [PAR] 1960 [PAR] The population of Anchorage is 82,833. [PAR] William R. Wood named University of Alaska president. He played a strong role in the expansion of UA into Anchorage. [PAR] 1961 [PAR] UA offers graduate courses in Anchorage leading to Masters in Education and Masters of Science in Engineering degrees - the first graduate programs in Southcentral Alaska. [PAR] The Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) opens as the first public policy research center in Alaska. [PAR] 1962 [PAR] Alaska legislature incorporates the state's community colleges into the University of Alaska higher education system. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] Palmer Community College renamed Matanuska-Susitna Community College. [PAR] 1966 [PAR] The Anchorage Regional Center (ARC) is established to consolidate public higher education programs in the Anchorage area, including ACC and courses offered at local military bases. [PAR] Dr. Donald DaFoe, formerly superintendent of schools in Anchorage, named first provost of the ARC. [PAR] 1968 [PAR] Kodiak Community College founded. [PAR] Anchorage Regional Center expands to become Southcentral Regional Center administering community colleges, military education, upper division and graduate programs for the entire region. This institution foreshadowed the current structure of UAA. [PAR] Construction begins near Goose Lake on the outskirts of Anchorage for a permanent campus for ACC. [PAR] 1969 [PAR] Dr. Lewis Haines named provost of Southcentral Regional Center. [PAR] 1969 - 1971 [PAR] Formation of Anchorage Higher Education Consortium between Alaska Methodist University (now Alaska Pacific University) and UA, allowing for ease of transfer credit and sharing of library resources. [PAR] 1970 [PAR] The population of Anchorage is 126,385. [PAR] ACC dedicates its present campus on Providence Ave. and moves from West High School into the five new buildings later named in honor of Eugene Short, Beatrice McDonald, Lucy Cuddy, Gordon Hartlieb and Sally Monserud. [PAR] University of Alaska, Anchorage is formed in November, composed of ACC and Anchorage Senior College. [PAR] 1971 [PAR] The Anchorage Senior College is created from existing upper-division and graduate courses and programs. [PAR] First joint (ACC and Senior College) commencement ceremony at West High School. A total of 265 Masters, baccalaureate, and associates degrees and certificates are awarded. [PAR] 1972 [PAR] Center"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dead (1987) - IMDb The Dead (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Gabriel Conroy and wife Greta attend an early January dinner with friends at the home of his spinster aunts, an evening which results in an epiphany for both of them. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 03 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 22 Aug 2015 [PAR] Search for \" The Dead \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 9 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The last 24 hours in the life of Geoffrey Firmin, a lonely, depressed English consul who retreats to alcohol for solace. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Two men, working as professional boxers, come to blows when their careers each begin to take opposite momentum. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A professional hit man and hit woman fall in love. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A psychiatrist involved in a radical new therapy comes under suspicion when his patients are murdered, each according to their individual phobias. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A Southerner--young, poor, ambitious but uneducated--determines to become something in the world. He decides that the best way to do that is to become a preacher and start up his own church. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A major heist goes off as planned, until bad luck and double crosses cause everything to unravel. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A defrocked Episcopal clergyman leads a bus-load of middle-aged Baptist women on a tour of the Mexican coast and comes to terms with the failure haunting his life. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Truncated adaptation of Stephen Crane's novel about a Civil War Union soldier who stuggles to find the courage to fight in the heat of battle. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Bizarre tale of sex, betrayal, and perversion at a military post. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Two British soldiers in India decide to resign from the Army and set themselves up as deities in Kafiristan--a land where no white man has set foot since Alexander. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] On their way to Africa are a group of rogues who hope to get rich there, and a seemingly innocent British couple. They meet and things happen... [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] In a story set during the Hundred Years War, a student who has abandoned his studies in Paris, pairs with a young noblewoman with whom he has fallen in love. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] John Huston's last film is a labor of love at several levels: an adaptation of perhaps one of the greatest pieces of English-language literature by one of Huston's favorite authors, James Joyce; a love letter to the land of his ancestors and the country where his children grew up; and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl III: The True Story - hgwt.com Super Bowl III: The True Story [PAR] The Luckiest Football Game Ever Won: [PAR] The True Story of Super Bowl III [PAR] INTRODUCTION [PAR] On January 12, 1969, in Miami's Orange Bowl, the New York Jets met the heavily-favored Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl III, the championship game of professional football for the 1968 season. The Jets, winners of the American Football League playoffs, sought to avenge the drubbings AFL teams had taken in the two previous meetings between their upstart mickeymouse* league and the establishment National Football League. In those two contests, the AFL champion had been so thoroughly dominated by its NFL counterpart that cracks began appearing in the proposed merger of the two leagues. If the AFL didn't prove it could compete soon, the merger would be in serious jeopardy. A 26-team league with ten \"last-place\" teams would hardly seem credible to the ticket-buying public. [PAR] The NFL Colts' 1968 season had been spectacular, by any measure, even though their legendary quarterback, John Unitas, had missed the entire regular season due to injury. Their 13-1 record was the best in football, they had scored 402 points and yielded only 144, and they had avenged their only loss, to Cleveland, by destroying the self-same Browns in the NFL championship game, 34-0. Some analysts called the Colts \"the best team ever.\" Meanwhile, the AFL Jets paled in comparison, having been fortunate to become the champion of their league. Their only hope against the Colts seemed to be their loud-mouthed quarterback, Joe Namath, whose passing ability gave them at least some chance to score against the Colt defense. Nonetheless, the Jets were 18-point underdogs at game time. [PAR] ANALYSIS OF THE TEAMS [PAR] The Colts finished 1968 with a 13-1 record and a point-scoring differential of +258, a number reached by only a handful of teams to this day. Eleven of their 13 wins could be described as \"crushing.\" The Jets' record, meanwhile, was just 11-3 and their scoring differential was only +139; their mediocre defense yielded 280 points, almost twice as many as Baltimore. It should be noted that the second best team in the Jets' division had a record of just 7-7, and the Jets benefited from a soft schedule. The other teams in their division had a feeble combined record of 17-37-2, and they played four games against teams with truly pitiful defenses. Nonetheless, the Jets had still managed to lose to hapless Buffalo (1-12-1) early in the season, 35-37. The score was typical of the AFL's \"wide-open\" (i.e., no defense) style of play. [PAR] The Colts, meanwhile, had to play both their arch-rival Rams (10-3-1) and a tough 49er team (7-6-1) twice, as both were in their division. The Colts won all four games, and nine others (including a hard-fought win over defending Super Bowl champ Green Bay), losing only to the Cleveland Browns (10-4), whom they whipped 34-0 in the NFL championship game. The three other teams in Baltimore's division had a combined record of 19-21-2 -- fairly typical -- and a much better record than the teams in the Jets' division. [PAR] Two other AFL teams, the Chiefs and Raiders, had better regular season records than New York and were statistically superior. Additionally, the Jets were fortunate to win their championship game against Oakland, recovering a lateral at game's end which their opponents ignored -- apparently believing it to be an incomplete forward pass. [PAR] While the two Super Bowl III teams appear statistically similar (without factoring in the Jets' easier schedule and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie Osmond - Biography - IMDb Marie Osmond - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Marie Osmond [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trivia (29) | Personal Quotes (3) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 5\" (1.65 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Marie Osmond was born on October 13, 1959 in Ogden, Utah, USA as Olive Marie Osmond. She is a producer and actress, known for Donny and Marie (1975), Marie (2012) and The Talk (2010). She was previously married to Brian Blosil and Steve Craig . [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Was on Broadways \"Anna and the King\". [PAR] She appeared in The Muppets ' \"She Drives Me Crazy\" music video. [PAR] Has five adopted children. [PAR] Children: Stephen Blosil (aka Stephen James Craig) (b. 1983 - father is first husband Steve Craig ), Jessica Marie (b. 1987), Rachael Lauren (b. 1989), Michael Brian (b. 1991 - February 26, 2010), Brandon Warren (b. 1996), Brianna Patricia Lynne (b. 1997), Matthew Richard (b. 1999) and Abigail Olive May (b. 2002). [PAR] Sister of Alan Osmond , Donny Osmond , Jay Osmond , James A. Osmond , Merrill Osmond , Virl Osmond , Tom Osmond and Wayne Osmond . All nine Osmond siblings studied karate under Chuck Norris . [PAR] Turned down the starring role in the movie, Grease (1978) on \"moral grounds\". [PAR] In October, 1999 she disclosed her treatment for severe bout of postpartum depression, following the birth of her 7th child, Matthew, on July 6, 1999. She became so despondent that she left her husband and kids planning never to return. Osmond said she basically gave the baby, and credit card, to her babysitter, got in her car and drove off believing her kids would be better off without her. She reconsidered later when her husband reached out to her by cell phone. [PAR] In addition to being an international celebrity, Marie is also a businesswoman. In 1991, she launched the \"Marie Osmond Fine Porcelain Collector Dolls\" line on QVC and at Disney theme parks. It has become QVC's top selling doll line, has been nominated for Trendsetter of the Year in the collectibles industry, and has moved into the retail and direct response markets. She began sculpting a number of her own dolls in 1993, and she received three Dolls of Excellence award nominations during the 1997 International Toy Fair. In 1998, she reached a hallmark achievement by selling her 1,000,000th doll on QVC. [PAR] Co-founder/co-host, with John Schneider , of Children's Miracle Network, a project of The Osmond Foundation. The largest annual broadcast in fund raising history, it has raised in excess of 1.8 billion dollars since 1983, 100 percent of which has stayed in the local area in which it was raised for medical treatment, research and assistance, benefiting children's hospitals throughout the U.S. and Canada. In 1989, the Country Music Foundation presented Marie with the prestigious Roy Acuff Award in recognition of her efforts on behalf of children. [PAR] She is a close childhood friend of Shawn Southwick ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dame Kiri Te Kanawa - Royal Wedding 1981 - \"LIVE RECORDING ... Dame Kiri Te Kanawa - Royal Wedding 1981 - \"LIVE RECORDING\" - YouTube [PAR] Dame Kiri Te Kanawa - Royal Wedding 1981 - \"LIVE RECORDING\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 3, 2008 [PAR] Dame Kiri Te Kanawa sings \"Let the Bright Seraphim\" from the oratorio \"Samson\" by George Frideric Handel (1685-1759). It's a \"LIVE RECORDING\" from the \"Royal Wedding\" for Prince Charles and Princess Diana at St. Paul Cathedral London UK in 1981, converted from an old LP. With John Wallance(trumpetist), Bach Choir and the Orchestra, Sir David Willcocks / conductor. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Calabar Margaret Ekpo International Airport - Airlines Inform Calabar Margaret Ekpo International Airport [PAR] Home / World Airport Directory / Nigeria / Calabar Margaret Ekpo International Airport [PAR] Calabar Margaret Ekpo International Airport [PAR] Country: Nigeria [PAR] Airport serving the Cross River State in southeastern Nigeria [PAR] Local time GMT (winter/summer): +1/+1 [PAR] Geographic coordinates: Latitude (4.98), Longitude (8.35) [PAR] IATA code: CBQ"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A man's only as old as the woman he feels. - Groucho Marx ... A man's only as old as the woman he feels. - Groucho Marx - BrainyQuote [PAR] A man's only as old as the woman he feels. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Groucho Marx [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thor Heyerdahl\u2019s Kon-Tiki Voyage - History in the Headlines Thor Heyerdahl\u2019s Kon-Tiki Voyage - History in the Headlines [PAR] Thor Heyerdahl\u2019s Kon-Tiki Voyage [PAR] October 6, 2014 By Christopher Klein [PAR] The Kon-Tiki voyage, 1947 [PAR] Thor Heyerdahl\u2019s Kon-Tiki Voyage [PAR] Author [PAR] Thor Heyerdahl\u2019s Kon-Tiki Voyage [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] Born on October 6, 1914, in Larvik, Norway, Thor Heyerdahl was no armchair anthropologist. He gained worldwide fame in 1947 when he crossed the Pacific Ocean on a primitive balsawood raft to prove his theory that South Americans could have originally populated Polynesia. On the 100th anniversary of Heyerdahl\u2019s birth, look back at his historic Kon-Tiki voyage. [PAR] In 1937, fledgling Norwegian zoological researcher Thor Heyerdahl traveled to the South Pacific with his newlywed wife to study the flora and fauna of the isolated Marquesas Islands. As he collected a menagerie of specimens on the tiny Polynesian island of Fatu Hiva, however, Heyerdahl\u2019s curious mind drifted from thoughts of living creatures to those of ancient civilizations. [PAR] Aware of the prevailing scholarly wisdom that people from Southeast Asia had arrived from the west to first populate Polynesia, the Norwegian couldn\u2019t help but notice the trade winds and breakers rolling across the Pacific Ocean from the east. Heyerdahl noted the presence of South American plants such as the sweet potato in Polynesia and the similarities between stone figures on Fatu Hiva and the monoliths erected by ancient South American civilizations. He saw parallels in the physical appearances, rituals and myths of Polynesians and South Americans, and around the glow of a fire, he listened as an elder spoke of a demigod named Tiki who brought his ancestors to the island from a big country beyond the eastern horizon. [PAR] Heyerdahl on board Kon-Tiki. (Credit: Archive Photos/Getty Images) [PAR] Heyerdahl returned to Norway with fish, jars of beetles and a new dream\u2014to challenge conventional wisdom and demonstrate that the first people who settled Polynesia came from the east, not the west. He abandoned his zoology studies and developed an ethnological theory that two waves of people from the Americas populated the South Pacific. The first wave, Heyerdahl said, arrived around A.D. 500 from pre-Incan Peru by way of Easter Island on rafts that drifted on the currents of the Pacific Ocean; the second came approximately 500 years later from the coast of British Columbia by way of Hawaii. Critics thought the theory impossible and said the open rafts of South America\u2019s pre-Incan civilizations were hardly seaworthy enough to make an oceanic crossing. [PAR] Heyerdahl, however, was determined to prove that such a voyage was possible\u2014even if it meant risking his life. Although the Norwegian had no sailing experience and couldn\u2019t even swim, he announced plans to make the perilous crossing on a log raft built only with tools available to pre-Columbian South Americans. \u201cYour mother and father will be very grieved when they hear of your death,\u201d one skeptical diplomat told Heyerdahl when hearing of his plan. Promising \u201cnothing but a free trip to Peru and the South Sea islands and back,\u201d Heyerdahl recruited a five-man crew who built a 30-by-15-foot raft made of nine balsawood logs harvested from the Ecuadorian jungle lashed together with hemp ropes. An open bamboo cabin with overlapping banana leaves covering the roof provided the only protection from the elements. [PAR] With a smash of a coconut against the bow, the vessel was christened Kon-Tiki after the legendary Peruvian sun god who had vanished westward across the sea, a mythical figure who served as the mirror image to the Polynesian demigod Tiki who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About: Donna Summer - DBpedia About: Donna Summer [PAR] About: Donna Summer [PAR] An Entity of Type : person , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 \u2013 May 17, 2012), known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, and painter. She gained prominence during the disco era of the late-1970s. A five-time Grammy Award winner, she was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach No. 1 on the United States Billboard album chart and charted four number-one singles in the U.S. within a 12-month period. Summer has reportedly sold over 140 million records, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. [PAR] Property [PAR] abstract [PAR] \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0631 (31 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948 - 17 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2012)\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0628\u062a (\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0629 12 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.[\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631] \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640130 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.[\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631]32x28px\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062932x28px\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u062732x28px\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064532x28px\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062932x28px\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 [PAR] (ar) [PAR] LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 \u2013 May 17, 2012), known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, and painter. She gained prominence during the disco era of the late-1970s. A five-time Grammy Award winner, she was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach No. 1 on the United States Billboard album chart and charted four number-one singles in the U.S. within a 12-month period. Summer has reportedly sold over 140 million records, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. While influenced by the counterculture of the 1960s, she became the front singer of a psychedelic rock band named Crow and moved to New York City. Joining a touring version of the musical Hair, she left New York and spent several years living, acting, and singing in Europe, where she met music producers, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte. Summer returned to the U.S., in 1975 with commercial success of the song 'Love to Love You Baby', followed by a string of other hits, such as \"I Feel Love\", \"Last Dance\", \"MacArthur Park\", \"Heaven Knows\", \"Hot Stuff\", \"Bad Girls\", \"Dim All the Lights\", \"No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)\" (duet with Barbra Streisand), and \"On the Radio\". She became known as the \"Queen of Disco\", while her music gained a global following. Summer died on May 17, 2012, at her home in Naples, Florida. In her obituary in The Times, she was described as the \"undisputed queen of the Seventies disco boom\" who reached the status of \"one of the world's leading female singers.\" Moroder described Summer's work with him on the song 'I Feel Love' as \"really the start of electronic dance\" music. In 2013, Summer was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [PAR] (en) [PAR] LaDonna Adrian Gaines, conocida como Donna Summer (Boston, Massachusetts, 31 de diciembre de 1948 - Naples, Florida, 17 de mayo de 2012) fue una cantante, compositora, pianista y actriz estadounidense, mundialmente famosa por sus g\u00e9neros de disco y pop durante los a\u00f1os '70 y comienzos de los a\u00f1os ochenta.Gan\u00f3 en cinco ocasiones los premios Grammy. Fue la primera artista en tener tres \u00e1lbumes consecutivos en"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elements Named for People - Element Eponyms Elements Named for People - Element Eponyms [PAR] bohrium (Bh, 107) \u2013 Niels Bohr [PAR] curium (Cm, 96) \u2013 Pierre and Marie Curie [PAR] einsteinium (Es, 99) \u2013 Albert Einstein [PAR] fermium (Fm, 100) \u2013 Enrico Fermi [PAR] gallium (Ga, 31) \u2013 both named after Gallia (Latin for France) and its discoverer, Lecoq de Boisbaudran (le coq, the French word for 'rooster' translates to gallus in Latin) [PAR] hahnium (105) \u2013 Otto Hahn (Dubnium, named for Dubna in Russia, is the IUPAC-accepted name for element 105) [PAR] lawrencium (Lr, 103) \u2013 Ernest Lawrence [PAR] meitnerium (Mt, 109) \u2013 Lise Meitner [PAR] mendelevium (Md, 101) \u2013 Dmitri Mendeleev [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] nobelium (No, 102) \u2013 Alfred Nobel [PAR] roentgenium (Rg, 111) \u2013 Wilhelm Roentgen (formerly Ununumium) [PAR] rutherfordium (Rf, 104) \u2013 Ernest Rutherford [PAR] seaborgium (Sg, 106) \u2013 Glenn T. Seaborg"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meryl Streep praises Margaret Thatcher as 'figure of awe ... Meryl Streep praises Margaret Thatcher as 'figure of awe' | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Meryl Streep [PAR] Meryl Streep praises Margaret Thatcher as 'figure of awe' [PAR] Awarded an Oscar for her portrayal of the former PM in The Iron Lady, actor pays tribute to her 'grit' and model as a female leader, while Arnold Schwarzenegger adds to chorus of praise and Ken Loach calls for her funeral to be privatised [PAR] 'A pioneer for women in politics' \u2026 Margaret Thatcher (Meryl Streep) in The Iron Lady. Photograph: Weinstein/Everett/Rex [PAR] Tuesday 9 April 2013 05.19 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 9 April 2013 05.19 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 3 years old [PAR] Meryl Streep, who won an Oscar for her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher in the 2011 biopic The Iron Lady , has described the late former prime minister as a \"figure of awe\" . [PAR] The actor issued a statement after Thatcher's death at the age of 87 on Monday, which followed a stroke. Streep said her subject had been a pioneer \u2013 \"willingly or unwillingly\" \u2013 for the role of women in politics, allowing females from across the globe to dare to dream of leadership. [PAR] \"It is hard to imagine a part of our current history that has not been affected by measures she put forward in the UK at the end of the 20th century,\" wrote Streep. \"To me she was a figure of awe for her personal strength and grit. To have come up, legitimately, through the ranks of the British political system, class-bound and gender-phobic as it was, in the time that she did and the way that she did, was a formidable achievement.\" [PAR] The Iron Lady received criticism in some quarters for initially portraying Thatcher in her dotage as a forgetful old woman suffering from dementia. The film, directed by Mamma Mia's Phyllida Lloyd and written by Abi Morgan, then swept through the life of the Grantham grocer's daughter from her early years in politics to her 1980s heyday. The biopic received mixed reviews , but Streep was widely praised for her note-perfect turn as the former prime minister, a performance which saw her win her third Oscar, eighth Golden Globe and second Bafta. Jim Broadbent played Thatcher's husband, Dennis, and Anthony Head played her longest-serving cabinet member (and eventual deputy) Geoffrey Howe. [PAR] The full text of Streep's statement following Thatcher's death is as follows: [PAR] Margaret Thatcher was a pioneer, willingly or unwillingly, for the role of women in politics. [PAR] It is hard to imagine a part of our current history that has not been affected by measures she put forward in the UK at the end of the 20th century. Her hard-nosed fiscal measures took a toll on the poor, and her hands-off approach to financial regulation led to great wealth for others. [PAR] There is an argument that her steadfast, almost emotional loyalty to the pound sterling has helped the UK weather the storms of European monetary uncertainty. [PAR] But to me she was a figure of awe for her personal strength and grit. To have come up, legitimately, through the ranks of the British political system, class-bound and gender-phobic as it was, in the time that she did and the way that she did, was a formidable achievement. To have won it, not because she inherited position as the daughter of a great man, or the widow of an important man, but by dint of her own striving. To"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rolling Stone's cover story features The Carpenters ... Rolling Stone's cover story features The Carpenters - Rolling Stone [PAR] All Stories [PAR] Karen Carpenter, the solo singing half of a brother and sister musical duo that has sold over 25 million records world-wide, has classic \"good looks\" but with something extra. It is the something extra that makes her interesting to look at, some unrealized firmness in her features, a womanliness she does not always allow herself to express. It comes out when she sings \u2013 in the emotion that makes her voice intriguing and beguiling. [PAR] Karen insists on the right to be normal, even though she is a celebrity known all over the world, but it is impossible for her or for her brother Richard to regain the placid existence of their youth. [PAR] At a back table in Beverly Hills' La Scala restaurant, Karen described some conditions that would tend to make an \"ordinary\" life impossible for her. While everyone else at dinner (including her brother) was enjoying sumptuous pasta, she had before her a simple green salad and iced tea. She was, as usual, on a diet. [PAR] \"A lot of kids write and ask me for advice,\" Karen began. [PAR] \"Some of the things they ask are normal. How do you get into the business? How do you learn to sing? [PAR] \"A lot write and say they were hung up on drugs, but since they've heard our music they've gotten off of them. [PAR] \"But a lot of kids who write have mental hang-ups. They're lonely, they want to know why their parents don't love them, why do their brothers and sisters hassle 'em. They haven't had a good life at all, and they just live for our music. [PAR] \"They ask for advice that I'm not capable of giving. Because I'm not a doctor. It's hard to tell someone how to live their life even if you know 'em, let alone if you've never seen them. It's hard. It really is. [PAR] One girl, her boyfriend had gone to Vietnam and gotten himself killed. She wanted to kill herself, and what should she do? I said, God, don't kill yourself! I mean . . . what do you tell 'em? [PAR] \"Another girl, in Phoenix . . . Remember, Richard?\" [PAR] \"Oh yes,\" Richard Carpenter said, looking up from his meal. \"The first time we played Gammage Auditorium. That big hall Frank Lloyd Wright designed.\" [PAR] \"This girl. It was her mother's third marriage. The stepfather hated her. Truly sad. What else, Richard?\" [PAR] \"Something to do with her brother,\" Richard said slowly. \"I can't remember.\" [PAR] \"The ones that are really . . . freaky, if you answer once and they write back, then I give them to our manager, Sherwin Bash. You can't really get involved. It gets too heavy. You have to handle each one in a different manner. When you're playing with personal feelings, with someone who's that hung up on you . . . \" [PAR] One of the first times the Carpenters worked with their current opening act was in a huge coliseum in Houston. During Skiles and Henderson's comedy turn, a young man walked up the ramp to the stage and sat down at Karen's drums. Skiles and Henderson thought maybe the Carpenters were putting them to some kind of test, and the group supposed the guy at the drums was part of the comics' act. [PAR] He punched a policeman who approached him and was forcibly carried off, shouting, \"Don't touch me! I'm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Magoo - Disney Wiki - Wikia Mr. Magoo | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Plot [PAR] Mr. Quincy Magoo (Leslie Nielsen), a wealthy canned vegetable factory owner, goes to the museum to attend a party. While there, Waldo (Matt Keeslar) Mr. Magoo's nephew spies a woman named Stacey Sampanahoditra (Jennifer Garner) whom he develops a crush on. Later that night, jewel thieves Luanne LeSeur (Kelly Lynch) and Bob Morgan (Nick Chinlund) steal the museum's beautiful ruby \"The Star of Kuristan\" and escape on a boat to Austin Cloquet (Malcolm McDowell), Bob's boss. [PAR] Meanwhile, Mr. Magoo and his dog Angus go fishing in the same area where the boat with Luanne and Bob is. Luanne picks a fight with Bob and they accidentally lose the ruby which lands in Mr. Magoo's boat; naturally, without him noticing. Bob goes after the ruby but fails by falling onto the paddle wheel of a paddle boat. [PAR] At the museum, the curator and Stacey send two agents: Gustav Anders of the CIA (Ernie Hudson) and Chuck Stupak of the FBI (Stephen Tobolowsky) to track down the ruby and spy on Mr. Magoo whom they believe stole the ruby. Stacey mentions she was invited to the opera where the Magoos go that night. Anders and Stupak also visit the opera to look for Mr. Magoo who is in the show. At the opera Mr. Magoo meets Luanne who pretends to be a magazine reporter named Prunella Pagliachi. She wishes Mr. Magoo luck at the opera, who immediately takes a liking to her. Stupak sneaks on the stage and fails to find any clue about Mr. Magoo with Mr. Magoo accidentally hitting Stupak with a big tool. [PAR] The next morning, Luanne tricks Mr. Magoo into taking her to his house with an injured ankle. Stupak finds a notebook with Luanne's fingerprints on it and realizes who Mr. Magoo is with. He and Anders go to Mr. Magoo's house where Stupak sneaks in looking for the ruby. Mr. Magoo and Luanne arrive at the house and Stupak hides from them. Bob sneaks into Mr. Magoo's house and finds the ruby. Upon being caught in the act, he steals Mr. Magoo's prized Studebaker with the Magoos and Luanne chasing after him in Magoo's Eggplant-mobile. Bob loses them and brings the ruby to Austin. [PAR] Austin plans an auction for his criminal friends from around the world and shows them the ruby. Mr. Magoo disguises himself as Ortega Peru, a thief from Brazil who never goes anywhere and joins the auction which is taking place in a communal indoor pool. However he is discovered when the fake tattoo on his chest is washed away by the water. Luanne breaks up the auction, steals the ruby, and escapes on a snow mobile away from the lair. The government arrests Austin and his friends while Mr. Magoo gives chase on an ironing board and winds up in the middle of a women's skiing competition. Waldo and Angus sneak out of the lair, catch up with Magoo, and track down the ruby. [PAR] Angus sees Luanne in disguise as an old woman and spills her purse which gives Mr. Magoo and Waldo a clue about where Luanne is going. The Magoos follow Luanne to Brazil where Waldo spies on the real Ortega (Miguel Ferrer) and his friends. Mr. Magoo steals a bride dress from Ortega's girlfriend Rosita (Monique Rusu) and is lead to the wedding. Mr. Magoo steals the ruby from Ortega and finds himself being chased by Peru's men,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marvel Premiere (s\u00e9rie VO) - Comics VF Marvel Premiere (s\u00e9rie VO) - Comics VF [PAR] Comics VF [PAR] Creative team [PAR] Writer(s) [PAR] Marvel Premiere is an American comic book anthology series published by American company Marvel Comics . It ran for 61 issues from April 1972 to August 1981. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Publication history[ edit ] [PAR] The series introduced new characters and reintroduced characters who no longer had their own titles. Writer Roy Thomas and penciler Gil Kane revamped Him as the allegorical Messiah Adam Warlock in Marvel Premiere #1 (April 1972). [2] Doctor Strange took over the series with issue #3 [3] and writer Steve Englehart and artist Frank Brunner began a run on the character with issue #9. [4] The two killed Dr. Strange's mentor, the Ancient One , and Strange became the new Sorcerer Supreme. Englehart and Brunner created a multi-issue storyline in which a sorcerer named Sise-Neg (\"Genesis\" spelled backward) goes back through history, collecting all magical energies, until he reaches the beginning of the universe, becomes all-powerful and creates it anew, leaving Strange to wonder whether this was, paradoxically, the original creation. Stan Lee , seeing the issue after publication, ordered Englehart and Brunner to print a retraction saying this was not God but \"a\" god, so as to avoid offending religious readers. The writer and artist concocted a fake letter from a fictitious minister praising the story, and mailed it to Marvel from Texas; Marvel unwittingly printed the letter, and dropped the retraction order. [5] In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Englehart and Brunner's run on the \"Doctor Strange\" feature ninth on its list of the \"Top 10 1970s Marvels\". [6] [PAR] Iron Fist first appeared in issue #15, written by Roy Thomas and drawn by Gil Kane. [7] Other introductions include the Legion of Monsters, the Liberty Legion , [8] Woodgod , the 3-D Man , [9] and the second Ant-Man ( Scott Lang ). [10] The series also featured the first comic book appearance of rock musician Alice Cooper . [11] Later in the title's run, Marvel Premiere was used to finish stories of characters who had lost their own series including the Man-Wolf in issues #45\u201346 [12] [13] and the Black Panther in issues #51\u201353. [14] [15] [16] [17] [PAR] #1\u20132 - Adam Warlock (moved to his own series) [PAR] #3\u201314 - Doctor Strange (moved to his own (second) series) [PAR] #15\u201325 - Iron Fist (moved to his own series) [PAR] Collected editions[ edit ] [PAR] Marvel Masterworks Warlock Vol. 1 includes Marvel Premiere #1\u20132, 288 pages, February 2007, ISBN 978-0785124115 [PAR] Essential Doctor Strange Vol. 2 includes Marvel Premiere #3\u201314, 608 pages, December 2007, ISBN 978-0785116684 [PAR] Essential Iron Fist Vol. 1 includes Marvel Premiere #15\u201325, 584 pages, October 2004, ISBN 978-0785115465 [PAR] Essential Marvel Horror Vol 1 includes Marvel Premiere #27, 648 pages, October 2006, ISBN 978-0785121961 [PAR] Essential Werewolf by Night Vol. 2 includes Marvel Premiere #28, 576 pages, November 2007, ISBN 978-0785127253 [PAR] Invaders Classic Vol. 1 includes Marvel Premiere #29\u201330, 248 pages, July 2007, ISBN 978-0785127062 [PAR] The Chronicles Of Solomon Kane includes Marvel Premiere #33\u201334, 200 pages, December 2009, ISBN 978-1595824103 [PAR] Weirdworld includes Marvel Premiere #38, 312 pages, April 2015, ISBN 978-0785162889 [PAR] Dominic Fortune: It Can Happen Here and Now includes Marvel Premiere #56, 184 pages, February 2010, ISBN 978-0785140429 [PAR] See also[ edit ] [PAR] Marvel Premiere Classic \u2014 a line of hardcovers collecting \"classic\" (pre-2000) storylines in the Marvel and related Universes. [PAR] ^ Marvel Premiere at the Grand Comics Database [PAR] ^ [PAR] Sanderson, Peter ;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jody Scheckter - The Formula 1 Wiki - Wikia Jody Scheckter | The Formula 1 Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] After moving to Britain in 1970, Scheckter quickly progressed up to F1, making his d\u00e9but with McLaren in the final race of the 1972 season, in which he finished ninth. He continued to drive for McLaren, albeit sparingly and without any success, in 1973 . [PAR] In 1974 , Scheckter was given his first full-time drive, with the Tyrrell team. After a slow start, Scheckter scored points in eight consectutive races, including two wins. With one more podium to come, Scheckter came an impressive third. [PAR] 1975 was a season of ups and downs. Scheckter notched up many non-pointscoring finishes, but despite this, he managed to win a race and score two other podiums. [PAR] After a decent start to 1976 , Tyrrell introduced one of F1 's most iconic cars, the six wheeled P34 . The car was quick and reliable, and Scheckter constantly scored points, mostly second places, and even headed a Tyrrell one-two at the Swedish Grand Prix . Scheckter came third in the championship for the second time in three years. [PAR] For 1977 , Scheckter moved to the new Wolf team, which was the surpise package of the season. Scheckter was the team's only driver, and amazingly, he won the the first race of the season. Scheckter continued to finish races on the podium, and finished the season as runner-up to Niki Lauda despite Scheckter's three wins. [PAR] Unfortuanately, Wolf's 1978 car was not as good as the 1977 one, and Scheckter had a winless year, although he managed to finish on the podium four times. [PAR] Scheckter moved to Ferrari in 1979 , with instant success. The car was always near the front, and very reliable. Scheckter scored three wins, like his team mate Gilles Villeneuve , and with three second places and many points finishes, Scheckter took the title by four points over his team mate. [PAR] Despite upgrading the 1979 car, the Ferrari driven by both Scheckter and Villeneuve in 1980 was awful, the team coming in tenth place in the championship. Scheckter's season was the worse of the two, only scoring two points at the United States Grand Prix West , and even failing to qualify at the penultimate race . Scheckter retired at the end of the season. [PAR] After Formula One [PAR] In 1981, Scheckter won the World Superstars Championships, defeating many top-class athletes. [PAR] He later set up a business which made products used for firearms training. [PAR] Scheckter currently runs an organic farm. [PAR] Formula One Statistical Overview[DOC] [TLE] Jody Scheckter | Legends of Formula One Jody Scheckter | Legends of Formula One [PAR] Club Racer to Grand Prix Professional [PAR] To say Jody Scheckter caught the Formula One aficionados by surprise would be a huge understatement. When he burst onto the F1 scene he was virtually unknown, inexperienced and very young. Still, the hugely talented South African managed to rise from anonimity to a Formula One debut in a mere twenty months! [PAR] That was the remarkable record of Jody Scheckter's progress - club racer to Grand Prix professional in quicker time than most of his contemporaries. For Jody Scheckter, the real beginning of his career came in early 1971 . Until that time motor racing had been a hobby for him, passionately pursued, but nevertheless a secondary pursuit to an apprenticeship in his father's East London, South Africa garage. [PAR] Sunshine Series Formula Ford [PAR] Jody's springboard to fame"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WOMEN 'S PROGRAM HISTORY - Team USA Women [PAR] Women [PAR] More [PAR] WOMEN'S PROGRAM HISTORY [PAR] The USA Softball Women\u2019s National Team is the most decorated program in the sport\u2019s history, owning an unmatched 26 Olympic, World Championship, Pan American or World Cup of Softball Gold Medals. Team USA won three consecutive Olympic Gold Medals (1996, 2000, 2004) and a silver medal at the 2008 Olympic Games. The Women\u2019s National Team has captured the past seven Pan American Championships and have captured nine World Championship Gold Medals. [PAR] AT THE PAN AMERICAN GAMES [PAR] Since softball was introduced into the Pan American Games in 1979, the USA Softball Women's National Team has dominated, winning six of the seven gold medals and a silver in 1983. [PAR] The USA will again be the odds-on favorite to capture the gold medal when in travels to Toronto, Ontario, Canada for the 2015 Pan American Games. [PAR] In seven Pan American Games, the USA Softball Women's National Team has been nothing short of outstanding. The USA has won 72 of 75 games for a winning percentage of .960. In 75 games the USA has outscored their opponents 505 to 31. [PAR] Since losing to Canada 5-4 in the gold medal game of the 1983 Pan American Games in Venezuela, the USA has put together a 51-game win streak in capturing gold medals in the last five Pan American Games. In 1987 in Indianapolis, IN the USA defeated Puerto Rico 4-1 in the gold medal game. In 1991 the USA routed Canada 14-1 for the gold medal and in 1995 the USA captured their third consecutive gold medal with a 4-0 win over Puerto Rico. [PAR] At the 1999 Pan Am Games in Winnipeg, Canada the USA needed extra innings to defeat host Canada 1-0 in eight innings and capture its fourth consecutive title. The USA outscored its opponents 83-1. At the 2003 Pan Am Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, the USA was as dominating as ever posting a perfect 9-0 record while outscoring its opponents 59-1. [PAR] With the USA as the heavy favorite, Canada, Puerto Rico and Cuba are expected to battle the Red, White and Blue for the title in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2007. [PAR] In 2011, with a Pan American Games roster full of 17 rookies, the USA Softball Women's National team recorded the program's eighth Pan American Games gold medal. The U.S. completed the tournament with a perfect 9-0 record. [PAR] AT THE WBSC WOMEN'S WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS [PAR] The USA Softball Women\u2019s National Team has participated in 13 WBSC Women\u2019s World Championships and has finished out of the medals only once, the 1982 World Championships in Chinese Taipei. It took Australia, Chinese Taipei and an outbreak of stomach flu to make it happen. [PAR] The USA Softball Women\u2019s National Team program has brought home a total of nine gold medals,making them perhaps the most successful team sport on the Olympic program over the last three decades. They have also collected foursilver World Championship medals [PAR] In World Championship play, the USA has amassed a lifetime record of 124-11. The USA offense has outscored its opponents collectively 812-56. [PAR] AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES [PAR] The U.S. went 8-1 to capture the first ever gold medal at the 1996 Olympics. The U.S. defeated China 3-1 in the gold medal game. Its lone loss of the Games came to Australia (2-1) in round-robin play. [PAR] At the 2000 Olympics the U.S. had its 112 game win streak snapped with a 2-1 11 inning loss to Japan in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1994 World Series is Canceled | World History Project 1994 World Series is Canceled | World History Project [PAR] Sep 14 1994 [PAR] 1994 World Series is Canceled [PAR] The 1994 World Series was canceled on September 14 of that year due to an ongoing strike by the Major League Baseball Players Association, which had begun on August 12. [PAR] It was only the second time in the event's history (and the first time since 1904) that the Fall Classic was not played. [PAR] The Associated Press writers, at the end of the aborted season, chose to name \"unofficial\" champions when naming their Managers of the Year as Felipe Alou and Buck Showalter, who were leading when the season abruptly ended. Traditionally, the next season's All-Star Game managers are the league champions. Because of the strike, the leagues chose to name their unofficial champion managers to the traditional honor. [PAR] The 1994 World Series was supposed to have the NL champion open at home. Because it was canceled, the rotation was pushed back a year - which meant from 1995-2002, the NL champion had home field advantage in odd-numbered years, and AL in even-numbered years. Beginning in 2003, the league that won the All-Star Game had its champion open the World Series at home (as a consequence, since the AL has not lost the All-Star Game since 1996, the NL champ last opened at home in 2001). [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] The Major League Players Association rejected an owner's salary cap proposal, asking players to split all revenues 50-50. In addition, the citation stated that salary arbitration would be eliminated and free agency for players could be reached after four years in the majors instead of six. [PAR] As negotiations continued to heat up, the owners decided to withhold $7.8 million that they were obligated to pay into the players' pension and benefit plans. The final straw fell after the Senate Judiciary Committee failed to approve an antitrust legislation that left the players with little choice but to strike. [PAR] On September 14th, the remainder of the baseball season was canceled thirty-four days into the players' strike. As a result, the World Series was also called off for the first time since 1904. Three months later, the owners unilaterally implemented a salary cap as negotiations remained at a standstill. [PAR] Source: baseball almanac Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] The 1994\u201395 Major League Baseball strike was the eighth work stoppage in baseball history, as well as the fourth in-season work stoppage in 23 years. The 232-day strike, which lasted from August 12, 1994, to April 2, 1995, led to the cancellation of between 931 and 948 games overall, including the entire 1994 postseason and World Series (these numbers account for the fact that postseason series can be of varying lengths; in addition, 12 other games scheduled to be played prior to August 12, 1994 were cancelled for other reasons, mainly weather-related). The cancellation of the 1994 World Series was the first since 1904; meanwhile, Major League Baseball became the first professional sport to lose its entire postseason due to a labor dispute. [PAR] Owners demanded a salary cap in response to the worsening financial situation in baseball. Ownership claimed that small-market clubs would fall by the wayside unless teams agreed to share local broadcasting revenues (to increase equity amongst the teams) and enact a salary cap, a proposal that the players adamantly opposed. On January 18, 1994, the owners approved a new revenue-sharing plan keyed to a salary cap, which required the players\u2019 approval. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NPR's Morning Edition -- Giacometti Retrospective at the ... NPR's Morning Edition -- Giacometti Retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art [PAR] Click to enlarge [PAR] Dec. 17, 2001 -- To many, the sculptures of Alberto Giacometti have become icons of the anxious mood of the post-World War II era: Thin, solitary figures with long arms and legs, betraying just a hint of human form. [PAR] The Swiss artist was one of the surrealists, but found fame with a style of sculpture that was completely original. [PAR] Giacometti would have been 100 this year -- and in an appropriate gesture by the first museum to ever buy his work, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City is holding a commemorative exhibition with works from Giacometti's long career. David D'Arcy reports for Morning Edition that even now, what the artist's sculptures actually express is a matter of debate. [PAR] Most art critics assumed that those thin figures were rising from the ashes of Europe after the Holocaust, embodiments of a worldview that came to be called existentialism. [PAR] Spoon Woman, 1926-27 [PAR] Click to enlarge [PAR] Giacometti himself often said they were his homage to the ancient Greek and Egyptian art he saw and sketched at the Louvre Museum in Paris. But many critics say it is the very ambiguity of the images that give them such power. [PAR] Giacometti did not intend to become a sculptor when he began his art career in Paris. A few years before he died in 1966, he told a French television interviewer that he took up the form because it wasn't easy: [PAR] \"I did not want to spend my whole life making sculpture. I started sculpting because it was the art that I understood the least about. I should have moved on to other things that suited me better, but I couldn't tolerate the fact that I wasn't suited for sculpture. So kept doing it, so I'd get it out of my system.\" [PAR] In a famous encounter, the head of the surrealist movement, Andre Breton, asked Giacometti whether any artist cared what a human head looked like. Giacometti said, \"I do.\" [PAR] Point to the Eye, 1932 [PAR] Mus\ufffde national d'art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris. [PAR] Click to enlarge [PAR] That ended his relationship with the surrealists -- but the thin sculptures that began taking shape in Giacometti's studio still have echoes of the surreal, said Tobias Bezzola of the Kunsthaus Zurich, which collaborated with MoMA on the show. [PAR] The breadth of the MoMA exhibit, with about 200 works from all stages of the artist's career, proves Giacometti's skill as a painter, too. In the last decade of his life, Giacometti turned to nature, concentrating on portraits, when the trend in art was abstraction. [PAR] Six decades of Alberto Giacometti's work are on view at the Museum of Modern Art through Jan. 8, 2002. [PAR] Search for more broadcast coverage on art museums . [PAR] Other Resources [PAR] \u0095 The Museum of Modern Art, New York has an extensive Flash presentation with examples of the art in the Giacometti exhibit , along with extensive critical notes following the progression of his career."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Things You May Not Know About John Glenn and Friendship ... 7 Things You May Not Know About John Glenn - History in the Headlines [PAR] 7 Things You May Not Know About John Glenn [PAR] December 8, 2016 By Barbara Maranzani [PAR] Share [PAR] HISTORY honors astronaut and former Ohio senator John Glenn, who died on December 8, 2016 at the age of 95. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 7 Things You May Not Know About John Glenn [PAR] Author [PAR] 7 Things You May Not Know About John Glenn [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] On February 20, 1962, John H. Glenn became the third American in space and the first to orbit the Earth when he successfully completed three orbits aboard the space capsule \u201cFriendship 7.\u201d In the midst of Cold War tensions and amid the very real fear that the Soviet Union was winning the space race, Glenn\u2019s accomplishment brought a sense of pride and relief to Americans and instantly made the 31-year-old Glenn a national hero. Glenn resigned from NASA in 1964, and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1974, representing Ohio for 25 years. In October 1998, Senator Glenn returned to space at the age of 77 as a payload specialist aboard the space shuttle Discovery, making him the oldest person to fly in space. Glenn died on December 8, 2016, at the age of 95, following several years of declining health. [PAR] John Glenn was a star before joining the Mercury program. [PAR] John Glenn (Credit: NASA) [PAR] Glenn had fallen in love with flying at an early age, building model airplanes while growing up in Ohio. In 1941, Glenn discovered a U.S. Department of Commerce program looking for students to train as pilots. Just six months after he received his license, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. Glenn initially enlisted in both the U.S. Army Air Corps and U.S. Navy aviation cadet program, but was eventually assigned to the U.S. Marine Corps. Glenn flew 59 missions in the South Pacific, where one of his wingmen was baseball legend Ted Williams. After serving in the Korean War, Glenn was appointed to a naval test pilot program, where he completed one of the world\u2019s first supersonic transcontinental flights in 1957. Glenn received an enormous amount of publicity following this feat, which brought him to the attention of the NACA, the predecessor to NASA, who selected him to become one of the Mercury 7 astronauts. [PAR] John Glenn gave his space capsule it\u2019s famous nickname. [PAR] Glenn inspecting the artwork design for \u201cFriendship 7.\u201d (Credit: NASA) [PAR] The official name for Glenn\u2019s mission was Mercury-Atlas 6. \u201cMercury\u201d for the mission program itself (named after the Roman god of speed), and \u201cAtlas 6\u201d to indicate that this was the 6th mission to use the newer, faster Atlas rocket as a launch vehicle. As was common practice among most pilots, the astronauts selected for the Mercury program often gave their capsules personal nicknames\u2014Glenn asked his children for suggestions on what he should name the vessel before finally deciding on the word \u201cFriendship\u201d and adding the number \u201c7\u201d to honor his fellow Mercury members. [PAR] Glenn\u2019s mission was delayed numerous times, leading to concern and anxiety. [PAR] Guenter Wendt, the original pad leader for NASA\u2019s manned programs, coaxes a smile from Glenn after a postponement of the mission. (Credit: NASA) [PAR] Originally scheduled for December 1961 and then pushed to January 13, problems with the new Atlas rocket that would serve as the space capsule\u2019s launching pad caused a two-week delay. On January 27, with television crews"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Annotated \"Stagger Lee\" - University of California ... The Annotated \"Stagger Lee\" [PAR] \"Delia whistled a different tune--what tune could that be?\" [PAR] The Annotated \"Stagger Lee\" [PAR] Words by Robert Hunter; music by Jerry Garcia [PAR] Copyright Ice Nine Publishing; used by permission. [PAR] 1940 Xmas evening with a full moon over town [PAR] Staggerlee met Billy DeLyon [PAR] and he blew that poor boy down [PAR] Do you know what he shot him for? [PAR] What do you make of that? [PAR] Baio, Baio, tell me how can this be? [PAR] You arrest the girls for turning tricks [PAR] but you're scared of Staggerlee [PAR] Staggerlee is a madman and he shot my Billy dead [PAR] Baio you go get him or give the job to me [PAR] Delia DeLyon, dear sweet Delia-D [PAR] How the hell can I arrest him when he's twice as big as me? [PAR] Don't ask me to go downtown - I wouldn't come back alive [PAR] Not only is that mother big but he packs a .45 [PAR] Baio Delia said just give me a gun [PAR] He shot my Billy dead now I'm gonna see him hung [PAR] She waded to DeLyon's Club through Billy DeLyon's blood [PAR] Stepped up to Staggerlee at the bar [PAR] Said Buy me a gin fizz , love [PAR] As Staggerlee lit a cigarette she shot him in the balls [PAR] Blew the smoke off her revolver, had him dragged to city hall [PAR] Baio, Baio, see you hang him high [PAR] He shot my Billy dead and now he's got to die [PAR] Delia went a walking down on Singapore Street [PAR] A three-piece band on the corner played \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\" [PAR] but Delia whistled a different tune...what tune could it be? [PAR] The song that woman sung was Look out Staggerlee [PAR] The song that Delia sung was Look out Staggerlee [PAR] The song that woman sung was Look out Staggerlee [PAR] The song that Delia sung was Look out Staggerlee [PAR] Key: F (Bridge in G) [PAR] Time signature: Cut time [PAR] Chords used: F, C, B-flat, A A-flat, G7, A7, Em, D, G, [PAR] Songbook availability: [PAR] Shakedown Street [PAR] First performance: August 30, 1978, at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. \"Stagger Lee\" appeared in the first set, between \"Mama Tried\" and \"Looks Like Rain.\" The show also featured the first \"I Need A Miracle\" and \"If I Had the World to Give.\" The song has had a fairly consistent place in the repertoire over the years, disappearing now and then for extended periods. [PAR] In Robert Hunter's [PAR] Stagger Lee [PAR] There are a number of tunes entitled \"Stagger Lee\" which have been recorded over the years. They all derive from a series of tales and songs in African- American folklore. [PAR] See Tony Kullen's essay, available at Alex Allan's site: Stagger Lee: A Historical Look at the Urban Legend for a detailed look at the topic. [PAR] One serious attempt to ascertain the possible historical existence of Stacker Lee was made, in an article by Richard E. Buehler, \"Stacker Lee: a Partial Investigation into the Historicity of a Negro Murder Ballad,\" published in the [PAR] Keystone Folklore Quarterly [PAR] in the Fall, 1967 issue (pp. 187-191.) Buehler identifies a Stacker Lee who was a Confederate officer and subsequently an upstanding member of the community, and who is unlikely to have been the model for the badman of legend. And while Buehler suggests several lines for further research, no one seems to have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gentlemen Prefer Blondes - Modernism Lab Essays Gentlemen Prefer Blondes - Modernism Lab Essays [PAR] Gentlemen Prefer Blondes [PAR] by Elyse Graham [PAR] When James Joyce was nearly blind and working on the first draft of Finnegans Wake , the book he permitted himself during his daily reading window was Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, a best-selling satire by Anita Loos . 1 [PAR] The book has the interest of biographical color rather than any usefulness for explaining the Wake. But Loos uses language in an interesting way; her book is a prime example of modernist techniques seeping into popular use. And the dialect humor is close to what Joyce worked for in certain chapters of his earlier books. [PAR] (In fact, although Loos works against the background of modernism and name-checks Conrad, there is an important sense in which her book is a reminder of how much high modernism borrowed from popular culture. Emphasis on the material of language had characterized the main stream of American literary humor throughout the nineteenth century.) [PAR] Loos grew up in California in a small family that ran a nickelodeon. She spent her spare hours at the library poring over magazines that arrived from back East. For extra income, her father enrolled his children as players in various stock troupes and touring companies, but Loos apparently didn\u2019t care for acting. At six years old, she had won a children\u2019s poetry contest, which left her intent, she later said, to become a famous writer (Carey, 15-20). 2 [PAR] She struck the right kind of writing for her historical moment in 1916. That year she sketched out a film treatment\u2014it was a short story laid out visually, since she didn\u2019t know scriptwriting technique\u2014and mailed it to Biograph, the production company that made reels for her family\u2019s theater. An envelope returned bearing a check and a release form. She was twenty-three years old. Over the next several years, Loos wrote a number of scripts for Biograph and eventually moved to New York City-- where, she recalled later, she would be \"breathing the same air as Henry Mencken\" (Carey, 21-28). [PAR] Loos befriended Mencken, and later claimed to have had a flirtatious relationship with him\u2014not a distinction; he tried to charm most of the women he met. One day in 1924, while riding a train across the Midwest, Loos noticed that the men in her car ignored her but leaped to hoist luggage for the blonde beside her. She simmered and thought about a blonde who then had Mencken\u2019s arm, undeservedly in Loos\u2019s opinion. \"There was some mystifying difference between us,\u201d she later wrote of the train passenger. \u201cWhy did she so far outdistance me in feminine allure? Could her power, like that of Samson, have something to do with her hair?\" 3 Loos took out a yellow pad and began to write. [PAR] Gentlemen Prefer Blondes became the American best-seller of 1925 . When it first appeared in serial in the women's magazine \"Harper's Bazaar,\" the story made circulation fly\u2014and so increased male readership that makers of cigars, menswear, and sporting goods started to run ads (Loos, 80). Edith Wharton, tongue only a little in cheek, hailed it as \"the great American novel.\" \"Apparently,\" wrote a theater critic in 1926, \"every present day musical show is compelled by law to include a song called 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.'\" 4 [PAR] Gentlemen Prefer Blondes masquerades as the diary of one Lorelei Lee, a flapper from Little Rock who lives well on the bounty of older men. With a brunette friend who, in the capacity of chaperone, eggs her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which Is The Safest Airline In The Middle East? - Forbes Which Is The Safest Airline In The Middle East? [PAR] Which Is The Safest Airline In The Middle East? [PAR] {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} [PAR] Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. [PAR] Full Bio [PAR] The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe [PAR] Threat Of Anti-Chinese Riots Grows In An Angry Indonesia [PAR] Planes from Emirates Airline (left) and Iraqi Airlines on the tarmac at Rafik Hariri International airport in Beirut, on November 21, 2015. (Photo: ANWAR AMRO/AFP/Getty Images) [PAR] In the wake of the EgyptAir crash on May 19, the safety record of Middle East airlines is again under scrutiny. So if you\u2019re flying in the region, which carrier might give you the greatest peace of mind? [PAR] EgyptAir is probably not the answer. It has one of the worst fatality records among Middle East airlines. Some 502 people have lost their lives on board its planes in 11 separate fatal incidents, according to the Aviation Safety Network (ASN). [PAR] That isn\u2019t the highest figure though. Some 549 people have died on Iran Air planes and 645 have died on Saudi Arabian Airlines (Saudia) flights. These are absolute numbers, of course, and don\u2019t take into account the number of flights or the number of passengers carried. Overall, there have been 93 fatal accidents involving major Middle East carriers, with a total death toll of 4,692, according to the ASN. [PAR] 14 images [PAR] The high death toll for some airlines is often due to a small number of horrific incidents. In 1988, for example, an Iran Air Airbus A300 was shot down by a surface-to-air missile fired by the US Navy\u2019s cruiser, the USS Vincennes. All 290 passengers and crew were killed. [PAR] An even more deadly accident happened in November 1996, when a Saudia Boeing 747 that had just taken off from New Delhi airport collided in mid-air with a Kazakhstan Airlines cargo jet. All 312 passengers and crew on board the Saudia flight were killed, as were the 37 people on the Kazakh plane. [PAR] Other airlines which have suffered high tolls include Royal Jordanian (464 deaths), Libyan Airlines (324), Air Algeria (309) and Bahrain\u2019s Gulf Air (255). On the other hand, some airlines have never suffered a fatality, including Emirates, Etihad, Qatar Airways and Tunisair. [PAR] Of course, the past is not necessarily a good indicator of where things might go wrong in the future. Training, maintenance and security standards continue to improve in most countries, which lessens the chance of accidents happening. But the political turmoil in the region does increase the risk of terrorism and the authorities have not always been equal to the challenge. In October 2015, a MetroJet plane was blown up soon after it left Sharm el-Sheikh airport in Egypt\u2019s Sinai Peninsula. Some international airlines have avoided the airport ever since. [PAR] So which airline is the safest? The AirlineRatings site grades carriers on a seven-star scale, with seven being the safest. Those with the top score include two of the three big Gulf carriers, Emirates and Etihad. Others such as Kuwait Airways, Saudia, Jazeera Airways, and Air Arabia also score the full seven stars, as does Israeli flag carrier El Al."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leader: Cooke's compliments | Media | The Guardian Leader: Cooke's compliments | Media | The Guardian [PAR] Cooke's compliments [PAR] Thursday 1 April 2004 01.17 EST [PAR] First published on Thursday 1 April 2004 01.17 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] It was at the prompting of friends, revealed Nick Clarke in our obituary columns yesterday, that the then Alfred Cooke changed his name to the \"more artistic\" Alistair in 1930. But could there have been something other than artistic impression involved in this rebranding? It seems possible. For our late and revered Guardian colleague was not the first or last of that ilk to feel the need for a new first name. The soul singer Sam Cooke, for instance, once favoured the name Dale rather than Sam, and was born without the \"e\" that he later added to his surname. The future foreign secretary was born Robert Cook, but has long preferred to be known as Robin. And Gloucestershire's legendary slow left-arm bowler, so celebrated in the writings of Frank Keating, may have been known to all as Sam Cook from Tetbury; his real name, however, was Cecil. [PAR] So what is it about all these Cooks (or all those Cookes) that makes them yearn for this tweak of identity? Beryl, Roger, Charlie and Thomas Cook may all have found their fame and fortune with the name. But even the greatest Cook of them all has gone down in history as plain Captain rather than James Cook. The immortal Peter, meanwhile, sometimes seemed more at ease as one of his many aliases, such as EL Wisty, Sir Arthur Streeb-Greebling or even the mournful Norwegian fisherman Sven. [PAR] Would that incomparable prose have been any less celebrated for being delivered by Alfred Cooke? Would Robert Cook have climbed the Labour party's greasy pole any less successfully? And would Cecil Cook have gained more than that solitary test cap (at Trent Bridge against South Africa in 1947) or have returned better match figures than 0-127? All are unlikely. Cooks should, we feel, be more confident. All that can be said with any certainty is that only in the kitchen can there ever be too many of them."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Master P Net Worth - TheRichest stumbleupon [PAR] More StatsView More [PAR] About Master P [PAR] American rapper, entertainer, investor and entrepreneur, Percy Robert \u201cMaster P\u201d Miller, has an estimated net worth of $350 million. Percy Miller, best known in the hip hop world as Master P is the president-CEO , founder of No Limit Records, also the founder of P. Miller Enterprises, an entertainment and financial conglomerate and Better Black Television.Like Jay-z, Master P got superb business skills, he built a well diversified empire that includes several rap labels, a clothing line, a management company, a high end travel agency, a film production company, a video game company and even a phone sex line.His most notable and likely most successful endeavor was his No Limit record company which pioneered the Southern Rap sound. Once a top company, housing the likes of Mystikal, Silk the Shocker and even Snoop Dogg at one point, the label has since fallen on hard times. [PAR] Numerous lawsuits forced P to shut the label down and file for bankruptcy in 2003, but it appears as if No Limit is looking to bounce back, announcing a relaunch in 2011, helmed by Master P\u2019s oldest son, Romeo. The young rapper revealed to the Boombox that he has been working on his solo project as well as cultivating new talent for the label. [PAR] Miller\u2019s financial status has been brought to light as the rapper and his ex-wife are engaged in a heated battle over child support. The millionaire mogul, whose net worth was once estimated at $600 million, has only been ordered to pay $271 a month in child support for each of his four minor children. [PAR] Master P with son,Rapper Romeo Miller and daughter, singer Cymphonique Miller and father rapperattend the 10th Annual BMI Urban Awards at the Pantages Theatre on September 10, 2010 in Los Angeles, California. [PAR] Earnings & Financial Data [PAR] The below financial data is gathered and compiled by TheRichest analysts team to give you a better understanding of Master P's net worth by breaking down the most relevant financial events such as yearly salaries, contracts, earn outs, endorsements, stock ownership and much more. [PAR] ?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jay Leno chats to 100 year old Laurel & Hardy Producer Hal ... Jay Leno chats to 100 year old Laurel & Hardy Producer Hal Roach - 1992 - YouTube [PAR] Jay Leno chats to 100 year old Laurel & Hardy Producer Hal Roach - 1992 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 24, 2014 [PAR] http://twitter.com/stan_and_ollie . [PAR] Harold Eugene \"Hal\" Roach, Sr. (January 14, 1892 -- November 2, 1992) was an American film and television producer, director, and actor from the 1910s to the 1990s, best known today for producing the Laurel and Hardy and Our Gang (later known as The Little Rascals) film comedy series. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Hal Roach Is Dead at 100 - A Pioneer in Film Comedy ... Hal Roach Is Dead at 100 - A Pioneer in Film Comedy - NYTimes.com [PAR] Hal Roach Is Dead at 100; A Pioneer in Film Comedy [PAR] By PETER B. FLINT [PAR] Published: November 3, 1992 [PAR] Hal Roach, the writer, producer and director who was a leading pioneer in shaping American film comedy, died yesterday at the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles. He was 100 years old and lived in Bel-Air, Calif. [PAR] He died of pneumonia, said a friend, Richard Bann. [PAR] Mr. Roach helped make stars of Harold Lloyd, Will Rogers, Harry Langdon and Charley Chase. He introduced film audiences to the renowned team of Laurel and Hardy and created and shaped the inventive \"Our Gang\" comedies, the most popular juvenile series ever filmed. [PAR] The movie maker won three Academy Awards, including an honorary one in 1984 for career achievement, and was given a special tribute at this year's Oscar ceremony. The other two were for shorts, \"The Music Box,\" a 1931 Laurel and Hardy comedy about lugging a piano up a staircase, and \"Bored of Education,\" 15 minutes of 1936 mischief and mayhem by the \"Our Gang\" chums. [PAR] As chief of Hal Roach Studios for nearly 40 years, Mr. Roach was the executive producer of nearly 1,000 movies. He occasionally directed, and he took part in the scripting and gag-writing for many films. His 18-acre comedy factory in Culver City, Calif., was a legendary prep school for performers, including Janet Gaynor, Jean Harlow and Mickey Rooney, and directors like Frank Capra, Leo McCarey and George Stevens. [PAR] Movies that Mr. Roach directed included \"One Million B.C.,\" an innovative 1940 special-effects film. B. R. Crisler of The New York Times hailed it as \"a masterpiece of imaginative fiction.\" [PAR] Mr. Roach co-wrote many of Harold Lloyd's thrilling stunt comedies, including the classic \"Safety Last\"; directed \"Turnabout,\" a farce about a marital role-reversal, and produced two hit fantasies, \"Topper\" and \"Topper Returns,\" as well as \"Of Mice and Men,\" a poignant drama from the John Steinbeck novel. In the mid-1960's, he compiled and produced \"The Crazy World of Laurel and Hardy.\" [PAR] Mr. Roach's comedies stressed plot, structure and characterization along with visual gags, and their slapstick was more restrained than that produced by his main rival, Mack Sennett. As a result, Mr. Roach's standing with the increasingly sophisticated audiences of the 1920's and 30's waxed while Mr. Sennett's waned. [PAR] But by the late 1930's, double features were pushing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Willy Brandt BBC - History - Willy Brandt [PAR] z [PAR] Willy Brandt, May 1971 \u00a9 Brandt was a German politician, and chancellor from 1969 to 1974. He won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1971. [PAR] Willy Brandt was born Karl Herbert Frahm on 18 December 1913 in L\u00fcbeck, northern Germany. He became a socialist in the late 1920s. In 1933, he changed his name and fled to Norway to avoid arrest by the Nazis. After the German occupation of Norway in 1940, he escaped to Sweden where he lived until 1945. [PAR] Brandt returned to Germany after World War Two. In 1948, he started his political career, holding various offices within the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and becoming a member of the German parliament. [PAR] Brandt first became well known outside Germany when he took the position of mayor of West Berlin, which he held from 1957 until 1966. This was a particularly tense time for the city with the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961. [PAR] By the early 1960s, Brandt was the leading figure in the Social Democratic Party and its candidate for chancellor. He was unsuccessful in the 1961 and 1965 elections, but became vice chancellor and foreign minister in the coalition government of 1966. [PAR] In 1969, Brandt was elected chancellor and retained the post in the general election of 1972. His main policy was that of 'Ostpolitik', as he tried to create closer ties between West and East Germany and improve relations with Poland and the Soviet Union. In Germany, Brandt's 'Ostpolitik' was controversial, but in 1971 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his work. [PAR] In April 1974, one of Brandt's personal assistants was arrested for being an East German spy. Brandt took responsibility and resigned the following month. [PAR] Brandt remained head of the SPD until 1987 and was honorary chairman until his death. He was a member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1983. In 1977, he was appointed chair of an international commission that produced the Brandt Report, calling for drastic changes in the international community's attitude to development in the Third World. In late 1989, Brandt was one of the first leaders on the left in German politics to publicly favour reunification of the two halves of Germany. [PAR] Brandt died near Bonn on 8 October 1992.[DOC] [TLE] 1969-1974 - Willy Brandt - GlobalSecurity.org 1969-1974 - Willy Brandt [PAR] Further Reading [PAR] 1969-1974 - Willy Brandt [PAR] In the West German Bundestag elections of September 1969, the CDU/CSU remained the largest political group, holding eighteen more seats than the SPD. With the help of the FDP, which had earlier supported the candidacy of the SPD minister of justice Gustav Heinemann for the federal presidency, Willy Brandt was able to form an SPD-FDP coalition government, with himself as federal chancellor. The SPD-FDP coalition lasted until late 1982 and was noted for its accomplishments in the area of foreign policy. The formation of this new coalition forced the CDU/CSU into opposition for the first time in the history of West Germany. [PAR] Willy Brandt became the first democratically elected Social Democrat to hold the chancellorship. Born in L\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbeck in 1913, Brandt first joined the SPD in 1930 and later joined a smaller leftist grouping, the Socialist Workers Party (Sozialistiche Arbeiterpartei--SAP). After Hitler came to power, Brandt emigrated to Norway, where he became a citizen and worked as a journalist. After Germany occupied Norway in 1940, he fled to Sweden. Brandt returned to Germany after the war as a news"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999) Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999) - IMDb [PAR] (New York City) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] I love the original films, probably ANH most of all. If you saw it on it's original release you had a cinema experience unlike any other. There just weren't films like this being made. Sure, it drew on films and books of the past, but nothing had looked or sounded like this. [PAR] You have to remember the world we lived in then. Video games were very rudimentary. Even ASTEROIDS was several years in our future. And 2001 was one of the few films to show us convincing views of space travel. [PAR] STAR WARS was something new with a capital \"N\". Audiences loved it. And it changed movies. [PAR] By 1999, we'd seen numerous Science Fiction movies, lots of space battles, lots of special effects. And video games had developed a realism that was shocking compared to what we'd had in 1977. [PAR] Enter THE PHANTOM MENACE. Not only did this film have to live up to memories of the originals, it also had to compete in an entertainment world that had caught up. Lucas could never create an experience as mind-blowing as he had in the original. [PAR] But he was going to try. And he was also going to try to do a few other different things. The nexus of this new thought was Jar Jar Binks. A CGI creation that was also a character. And a type of character never before seen in the SW Universe, a comic relief character. But more than that, a slapstick comic relief character. [PAR] In many of the movies that inspired STAR WARS there are such characters. And Lucas wanted to try one in his films. [PAR] Well, for most, he failed. Many, or at least the most vocal, hated Jar Jar Binks. And few of these people even credited him for trying something new. They didn't want Lucas' STAR WARS. They wanted their STAR WARS. A STAR WARS, it is important to note, that only exists in their minds. [PAR] In addition, he decided to make Anakin a small boy. Another new decision. STAR WARS had never featured a boy character. Again, the fans whined. They didn't like it. They didn't want Lucas to try new things. [PAR] But he also gave them what they came to expect. A truly great action set-piece: The pod race. One of the best action set-pieces in the entire series. And he gave them a lightsaber duel unlike any they'd ever seen. But that wasn't enough. [PAR] Sadly, had Lucas made a film that was little more than a remake of STAR WARS with Anakin in the Luke role, fans would have been happy. And I think that says more about the limited scope of STAR WARS fans than it does about the talents of George Lucas. [PAR] THE PHANTOM MENACE, like all the films in the series, has it's own unique tone and flavor. And though these flavors may not be to everyone's taste, I think in the coming years more and more fans will come to appreciate this film for what it is, rather than what they wish it would be. [PAR] 542 of 996 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes[DOC] [TLE] Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999) - Rotten ... Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] Phantom is a frustrating watch, however there are elements worth admiring: its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Drew Barrymore's Baby: Potential Girl Names - Parent Society Drew Barrymore's Baby: Potential Girl Names [PAR] Tweets [PAR] Her due date is just days away, but Drew Barrymore \u2014 who, along with hubby Will Kopelman, is expecting a baby girl \u2014 has kept her daughter\u2019s name under lock and key, despite going public with her first child\u2019s gender way back in April. [PAR] So what\u2019s a gossip-loving entertainment writer to do? Come up with a list of potential baby names for Barrymore\u2019s first child. [PAR] The Contenders [PAR] Charlie \u2013 Sure, it\u2019s technically a boy\u2019s name, but Charlie ranked 376th on the Social Security Administration \u2018s list of top 1,000 baby names of 2011. Barrymore starred in the 2000 and 2003 Charlie\u2019s Angels films; she also played a character named Charlie in one of her first movie roles (1984\u2019s Firestarter) [PAR] Blyth \u2013 Not only is this old-fashioned name Barrymore\u2019s middle name, but it\u2019s also a family name; Drew\u2019s great-grandfather Maurice Barrymore actually changed his last name from Blyth to Barrymore. [PAR] Ethel \u2013 Another family name, Ethel Barrymore is one of the most famous members of the Barrymore clan \u2026 she\u2019s also Drew\u2019s great-aunt [PAR] Elliott \u2013 It\u2019s unlikely Barrymore would choose Gertie \u2014 the name of the character she played in her first hit, E.T. \u2014 but she could opt to steal the name of her on-screen brother, Elliott; when spelled with just one \u201ct,\u201d the name ranks 875th on the SSA\u2019s 2011 girl names list [PAR] Sophia \u2013 Drew\u2019s Godmother is actress Sophia Loren, and with Sophia reaching the top spot on the SSA\u2019s 2011 rankings for girl names, it would be an obvious choice [PAR] Chanel \u2013 Naming children after products is all the rage (ever met a Mercedes?), but naming her daughter after this world famous designer would be appropriate, given her father-in-law is a former Chanel CEO [PAR] Casey \u2013 Barrymore has been in three movies in which her character was named Casey: 1984\u2019s Irreconcilable Differences, 1995\u2019s Mad Love, 1996\u2019s Scream [PAR] Josie \u2013 When Barrymore took on the role of Josie Geller in 1999\u2019s Never Been Kissed, it not only marked her return to blockbuster movies, but also her debut as an executive producer for a film [PAR] Arielle \u2013 In honor of her new father-in-law, Arielle \u2014 or Ariella \u2014 are female versions of Arie; the girl names also are of Hebrew origin, harkening to Kopelman\u2019s Jewish faith [PAR] Do you have any predictions for baby names for Drew Barrymore\u2019s daughter?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Drama - People Index Jenny Seagrove BBC - Drama - People Index Jenny Seagrove [PAR] Jenny Seagrove [PAR] Jenny Seagrove [PAR] Jenny's career has spanned theatre, film and television. Her credits include Local Hero, A Woman of Substance, and Don\u2019t Go Breaking My Heart. Jenny's now best known for playing Jo Mills in Judge John Deed. [PAR] What's she been in? [PAR] Jenny first found fame in 1983, with the film Local Hero, and the TV mini-series A Woman of Substance, which achieved Channel 4's highest ever viewing figures of 13.8 million. A year earlier she had made her movie debut in Jerzy Skolimowski's Moonlighting. [PAR] Her other movie roles include Appointment With Death, A Chorus Of Disapproval, Miss Beatty's Children, and Don't Go Breaking My Heart with ER's Anthony Edwards. [PAR] After a 15 year break from regular television work, Jenny landed the part of Jo Mills in the pilot episode of Judge John Deed, broadcast in January 2001. She's now a regular in the series. [PAR] On TV she's also appeared in Hold The Dream, a follow-up to A Woman Of Substance guested in programmes such as The Return of Sherlock Holmes, The Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense, and Peak Practice. [PAR] As well as TV and film, Jenny's an accomplished stage actress, whose recent credits include Brief Encounter with Judge John Deed co-star Christopher Cazenove, The Constant Wife, and a female twist on The Odd Couple, with Paula Wilcox. [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] Now playing a TV barrister, Jenny once fell foul of the law herself. She was caught for speeding and lost her licence for the month. Jenny told the Mail on Sunday, \"I was speeding because I was desperate to deliver a curry to my mother before it went cold.\" [PAR] Her life and career were celebrated in a March 2002 edition of This Is Your Life. [PAR] Jenny developed anorexia in her late teens, but successfully conquered the eating disorder. \"The spectre of it is always there but I've got it under control,\" she revealed in an interview with The Express newspaper. \"I eat sensibly and eat organic food but that's because I'm appalled by what is done to the environment.\" [PAR] Jenny's a vegetarian and an animal rights campaigner. She played an eco-warrior in the Casualty episode, Sympathy For The Devil, broadcast in October 2000. [PAR] She's a huge fan of Everton Football Club. [PAR] Personal Details"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rick Deckard - Off-world: The Blade Runner Wiki - Wikia Rick Deckard | Off-world: The Blade Runner Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Harrison Ford [PAR] Rick Deckard is the protagonist in Ridley Scott 's 1982 science-fiction film, Blade Runner . The character originally appeared in Philip K Dick 's novel, \" Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? \" on which the movie is based. Rick Deckard was played by Harrison Ford. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Edit [PAR] Rick Deckard is a Blade Runner , a special member of the L.A police department who is employed to hunt down and \"retire\" replicants (genetically manufactured humanoids). Since they were declared illegal on Earth , it is up to the Blade Runners to \"retire\" any that find their way to Earth. At the beginning of the film, Deckard is called out of retirement after a group of six clever and brutal replicants hijack a shuttle to Earth, intending to pass themselves off as normal humans. [PAR] Deckard is reluctant to resume work, but is told he has no choice and must use some of \"the old blade runner magic\" to succeed. [PAR] There are lengthy debates among the movie's fandom on whether Deckard is a replicant himself. The Director's Cut DVD of the movie seems to lean towards the fact that Deckard is a replicant, as new footage was added that supports that side of the argument.[DOC] [TLE] Blade Runner (1982) - FAQ - IMDb Blade Runner (1982) - FAQ [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Visit our FAQ Help to learn more [PAR] FAQ [PAR] How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? [PAR] For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for Blade Runner can be found here . [PAR] Is 'Blade Runner' based on a book? [PAR] Blade Runner is loosely based on Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, a 1968 novel by American science fiction writer Philip K. Dick . The novel was adapted for the movie by American screenwriters Hampton Fancher and David Peoples . An adjunct to the story, Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner by Paul M. Sammon was released in 1996 as a reference to the movie. [PAR] What is a \"Blade Runner\"? [PAR] In the film, the term \"Blade Runner\" is used to describe police detectives who specifically hunt Replicants. The term does not come from Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, where Deckard is referred to simply as a bounty hunter. It was coined in the 1974 novel The Bladerunner by Alan Nourse , where a bladerunner is a person who sells illegal surgical instruments. In 1979, William S. Burroughs was commissioned to write a screenplay based on the Nourse book. The script was not picked up, but it was published as a novella entitled Blade Runner (a movie). Hampton Fancher, who wrote the first draft of the Blade Runner script, was familiar with Blade Runner (a movie), and suggested the title to director Ridley Scott who loved it and who purchased the rights to the phrase. [PAR] Whose eye is it at the start of the movie? [PAR] The storyboard indicates that it belongs to Holden ( Morgan Paull ). According to Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner, the actual eye belongs to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alien: Resurrection (1997) - IMDb Alien: Resurrection (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two centuries after her death, Ellen Ripley is revived as a powerful human/alien hybrid clone who must continue her war against the aliens. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Visit IMDb Picks [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 25 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 11 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 23 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 19 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Alien: Resurrection \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 6 wins & 18 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After her last encounter, Ripley crash-lands on Fiorina Fury 161, a maximum security prison. When a series of strange and deadly events occur shortly after her arrival, Ripley realizes that she brought along an unwelcome visitor. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] The moon from Alien (1979) has been colonized, but contact is lost. This time, the rescue team has impressive firepower, but will it be enough? [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X [PAR] After a space merchant vessel perceives an unknown transmission as distress call, their landing on the source moon finds one of the crew attacked by a mysterious lifeform. Continuing their journey back to Earth with the attacked crew having recovered and the critter deceased, they soon realize that its life cycle has merely begun. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] During an archaeological expedition on Bouvet\u00f8ya Island in Antarctica, a team of archaeologists and other scientists find themselves caught up in a battle between the two legends. Soon, the team realize that only one species can win. [PAR] Director: Paul W.S. Anderson [PAR] A team of commandos on a mission in a Central American jungle find themselves hunted by an extraterrestrial warrior. [PAR] Director: John McTiernan [PAR] Amidst a territorial gang war in 1997, a sophisticated alien hunter stalks the citizens of Los Angeles and the only man between him and his prey is veteran L.A.P.D. officer, Lieutenant Mike Harrigan. [PAR] Director: Stephen Hopkins [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7/10 X [PAR] Following clues to the origin of mankind a team journey across the universe and find a structure on a distant moon containing a monolithic statue of a humanoid head and stone cylinders of alien blood but they soon find they are not alone. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] A group of elite warriors parachute into an unfamiliar jungle and are hunted by members of a merciless alien race. [PAR] Director: Nimr\u00f3d Antal [PAR] Warring alien and predator races descend on a rural US town, where unsuspecting residents must band together for any chance of survival. [PAR] Directors: Colin Strause, Greg Strause [PAR] Stars: Reiko Aylesworth, Steven Pasquale, Shareeka Epps [PAR] A cybernetic warrior from a post-apocalyptic future travels back in time to protect a 19-year old drifter and his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) - IMDb Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan ( 1982 ) [PAR] Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan (original title) [PAR] PG | [PAR] With the assistance of the Enterprise crew, Admiral Kirk must stop an old nemesis, Khan Noonien Singh, from using the life-generating Genesis Device as the ultimate weapon. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 29 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 13 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 18 Aug 2014 [PAR] Title: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Admiral Kirk and his bridge crew risk their careers stealing the decommissioned Enterprise to return to the restricted Genesis planet to recover Spock's body. [PAR] Director: Leonard Nimoy [PAR] To save Earth from an alien probe, Admiral James T. Kirk and his fugitive crew go back in time to San Francisco in 1986 to retrieve the only beings who can communicate with it: humpback whales. [PAR] Director: Leonard Nimoy [PAR] When an alien spacecraft of enormous power is spotted approaching Earth, Admiral Kirk resumes command of the Starship Enterprise in order to intercept, examine and hopefully stop the intruder. [PAR] Director: Robert Wise [PAR] On the eve of retirement, Kirk and McCoy are charged with assassinating the Klingon High Chancellor and imprisoned. The Enterprise crew must help them escape to thwart a conspiracy aimed at sabotaging the last best hope for peace. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Meyer [PAR] Captain Kirk and his crew must deal with Mr. Spock's long-lost half-brother who hijacks the Enterprise for an obsessive search for God at the center of the galaxy. [PAR] Director: William Shatner [PAR] The Borg travel back in time intended on preventing Earth's first contact with an alien species. Captain Picard and his crew pursue them to ensure that Zefram Cochrane makes his maiden flight reaching warp speed. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Frakes [PAR] Captain Picard, with the help of long presumed dead Captain Kirk, must stop a madman willing to murder on a planetary scale in order to enter an energy ribbon. [PAR] Director: David Carson [PAR] When the crew of the Enterprise learn of a Federation conspiracy against the inhabitants of a unique planet, Captain Picard begins an open rebellion. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Frakes [PAR] The Enterprise is diverted to the Romulan homeworld Romulus, supposedly because they want to negotiate a peace treaty. [PAR] Director: Stuart Baird [PAR] Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the Starship Enterprise explore the galaxy and defend the United Federation of Planets. [PAR] Stars: William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley [PAR] Set decades after Captain Kirk's five-year mission, a new generation of Starfleet officers set off in a new Enterprise on their own mission to go where no one has gone before. [PAR] Stars: Patrick Stewart,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - Stepmom (1998) Stepmom (1998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A terminally ill woman has to settle on her former husband's new lover, who will be their children's stepmother. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 23 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 27 images [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Stepmom \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 8 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When a woman's long-time friend reveals he's engaged, she realizes she loves him herself and sets out to get him, with only days before the wedding. [PAR] Director: P.J. Hogan [PAR] A reporter is assigned to write a story about a woman who has left a string of fiances at the altar. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] An unemployed single mother becomes a legal assistant and almost single-handedly brings down a California power company accused of polluting a city's water supply. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] A free-thinking art professor teaches conservative 1950s Wellesley girls to question their traditional social roles. [PAR] Director: Mike Newell [PAR] A young woman fakes her own death in an attempt to escape her nightmarish marriage, but discovers it is impossible to elude her controlling husband. [PAR] Director: Joseph Ruben [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful prostitute he meets... only to fall in love. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] The life of a simple bookshop owner changes when he meets the most famous film star in the world. [PAR] Director: Roger Michell [PAR] A married woman realizes how unhappy her marriage really is, and that her life needs to go in a different direction. After a painful divorce, she takes off on a round-the-world journey to \"find herself\". [PAR] Director: Ryan Murphy [PAR] After she discovers that her boyfriend has betrayed her, Hilary O'Neil is looking for a new start and a new job. She begins to work as a private nurse for a young man suffering from blood ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] A young beautician, newly arrived in a small Louisiana town, finds work at the local salon, where a small group of women share a close bond of friendship and welcome her into the fold. [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] A movie publicist deals with the messy public split of his movie's co-stars while keeping reporters at bay while a reclusive director holds the film's print hostage. [PAR] Director: Joe Roth [PAR] A woman's world is rocked when she discovers her husband is cheating on her. [PAR] Director: Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Anna and Ben, the two children of Jackie and Luke, have to cope with the fact that their parents divorced and that there is a new"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Man in the Iron Mask (1998) - IMDb The Man in the Iron Mask (1998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 2 January 2017 8:47 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1998 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] The cruel King Louis XIV of France has a secret twin brother who he keeps imprisoned. Can the twin be substituted for the real king? [PAR] Director: [PAR] Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re (novels) (as Alexandre Dumas), Randall Wallace (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 07 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 12 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 25 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 06 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: The Man in the Iron Mask (1998) [PAR] 6.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Twenty-something Richard travels to Thailand and finds himself in possession of a strange map. Rumours state that it leads to a solitary beach paradise, a tropical bliss - excited and intrigued, he sets out to find it. [PAR] Director: Danny Boyle [PAR] Shakespeare's famous play is updated to the hip modern suburb of Verona still retaining its original dialogue. [PAR] Director: Baz Luhrmann [PAR] In 1863, Amsterdam Vallon returns to the Five Points area of New York City seeking revenge against Bill the Butcher, his father's killer. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A biopic depicting the early years of legendary director and aviator Howard Hughes ' career from the late 1920s to the mid-1940s. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A fisherman, a smuggler, and a syndicate of businessmen match wits over the possession of a priceless diamond. [PAR] Director: Edward Zwick [PAR] Lady avenger returns to western town owned by a ruthless gunslinger hosting an elimination tournament. [PAR] Director: Sam Raimi [PAR] A CIA agent on the ground in Jordan hunts down a powerful terrorist leader while being caught between the unclear intentions of his American supervisors and Jordan Intelligence. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] J. Edgar Hoover, powerful head of the F.B.I. for nearly 50 years, looks back on his professional and personal life. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A leukemia patient attempts to end a 20-year feud with her sister to get her bone marrow. [PAR] Director: Jerry Zaks [PAR] A teenager finds his dreams of becoming a basketball star threatened after he free falls into the harrowing world of drug addiction. [PAR] Director: Scott Kalvert [PAR] A writer and wall street trader, Nick, finds himself drawn to the past and lifestyle of his millionaire neighbor, Jay Gatsby. [PAR] Director: Baz Luhrmann [PAR] After his father's death, Gilbert has to care for his mentally disabled brother, Arnie, and his morbidly obese mother, which is suddenly challenged when love walks into his life. [PAR] Director: Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Paris is starving, but the King of France is more interested in money and bedding women. When a young soldier dies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Madness of King George | Film from RadioTimes The Madness of King George | Film from RadioTimes [PAR] The Madness of King George [PAR] Nicholas Hytner (1995) [PAR] Our Score [PAR] by Adrian Turner [PAR] Nigel Hawthorne gives an inspired, funny and deeply moving performance in the title role of this celebrated, Oscar-winning film of Alan Bennett's play The Madness of George III. The king is married to Charlotte (Helen Mirren), dallying with Lady Pembroke (Amanda Donohoe), and is not only father of 15 children (Rupert Everett plays the foppish Prince of Wales) but also of a nation and an empire. Problem is, Farmer George - a nickname the king delights in - is showing signs of madness, or at least that's the official diagnosis. Surgeon Ian Holm is brought in to put the king into a straitjacket (providing some of the film's most disturbing scenes), while the royal quacks examine the royal stool for traces of insanity. Behind the sardonic jokes and colloquialisms that are Bennett's trademark is a serious study of 18th-century politics and the monarchy, with a final scene that hints at the House of Windsor as much as that of Hanover. Immaculately directed by Nicholas Hytner, this is an unmissable treat and the finest vision of a bygone age since Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon. It won the Oscar for best art direction and Bennett's screenplay was one of three other nominations. [PAR] Summary [PAR] British monarch George III's behaviour becomes increasingly erratic, prompting fears that he is going insane. While physicians try to uncover the cause of his condition, the king's enemies in Parliament and the frustrated Prince of Wales conspire to have him declared insane and removed from the throne. Period drama based on Alan Bennett's play, starring Nigel Hawthorne, Helen Mirren and Rupert Everett. [PAR] Cast & Crew"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sting - IMDb Sting - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Soundtrack | Actor | Music Department [PAR] Sting was born Gordon Matthew Sumner on 2 October, 1951 in Wallsend, North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England, the eldest of four children of Audrey (Cowell), a hairdresser, and Ernest Matthew Sumner, an engineer and milkman. He received his name from a striped sweater he wore which looked like a bee. He grew up in the turmoil of the ship-building ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 42 images [PAR] created 03 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 39 people [PAR] created 31 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 19 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 people [PAR] created 13 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 02 Oct 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How Much Have You Seen? [PAR] How much of Sting's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 14 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Strictly Come Dancing (TV Series) (writer - 5 episodes, 2014 - 2016) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) [PAR] - The Semi-Final Results (2016) ... (performer: \"One Fine Day\") / (writer: \"One Fine Day\") [PAR] - Week Three Results (2016) ... (writer: \"Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Week 8: Blackpool Special (2014) ... (writer: \"El Tango de Roxanne\" - uncredited) [PAR] The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (TV Series) (writer - 7 episodes, 2014 - 2016) (performer - 4 episodes, 2014 - 2016) (music - 3 episodes, 2015 - 2016) (lyrics - 1 episode, 2015) [PAR] - Sting/Kate McKinnon (2016) ... (music: \"Message in a Bottle\" - uncredited) / (performer: \"Message in a Bottle\" (uncredited), \"I Can't Stop Thinking About You\") / (writer: \"I Can't Stop Thinking About You\") [PAR] - Tyler Perry/Dave Franco/Harland Williams (2016) ... (writer: \"Shadows in the Rain\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Sting & Myl\u00e8ne Farmer/Eva Longoria (2015) ... (lyrics: \"Stolen Car\") / (music: \"Stolen Car\") / (performer: \"Stolen Car\") / (writer: \"Russians\", \"Message in a Bottle\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Jason Statham/Adrian Grenier/Elayne Boosler (2015) ... (writer: \"Every Breath You Take\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Sting/Kevin Connolly/Kevin Delaney (2015) ... (performer: \"Roxanne\", \"The Night the Pugilist Learned How to Dance\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"Roxanne\", \"The Night the Pugilist Learned How to Dance\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Who's Doing the Dishes? (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Chesney Hawkes (2016) ... (writer: \"Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 The Voice (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] 2016 Zoolander 2 (writer: \"Roxanne\") [PAR] 2016 Dafabet Masters (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] 2016 Atmos the Addict (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Addergeist (2016) ... (writer: \"Money For Nothing\") [PAR] 2015 Love the Coopers (performer: \"A Soalin'\" aka \"Soul Cake\") [PAR] 2015 Deutschland 83 (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Atlantic Lion (2015) ... (writer: \"Wrapped Around Your Finger\") [PAR] 2015 Biggest Band Breakups and Make Ups (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"If You Love Somebody Set Them Free\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2014 Kingsman: The Secret Service (writer:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Was Stanley Kubrick Killed By The Illuminati? | The Ghost ... Was Stanley Kubrick Killed By The Illuminati? | The Ghost Diaries [PAR] Was Stanley Kubrick Killed By The Illuminati? [PAR] Entertainment , Most Read , Unexplained [PAR] One of the more outlandish conspiracy theories holds that Stanley Kubrick was killed by the Illuminati for revealing too much about the secret society in his final film Eyes Wide Shut. While the official cause of death was listed as cardiac arrest (certainly not shocking for a 70 year-old man), some conspiracists point to the preponderance of Illuminati symbolism in his films, his clean bill of health prior to dying, and the strange editorial takeover of the film before its release as evidence there was more going on here than meets the eye. [PAR] Believers of this theory, many of whom also believe that Kubrick was enlisted by the US government to produce the faked moon landings, view the prevalence of Illuminati symbols in his films as more than just the result of unconscious archetypes. There is anecdotal evidence that Kubrick himself was a part of the Illuminati, and was using his films as a vehicle for communication with outsiders, as a way to reveal the existence of a globalist synarchy. Indeed, many if not all of his films\u2013including The Shining, 2001, and A Clockwork Orange\u2013are full of Illuminati symbols, most notably the one eye symbol. [PAR] The ubiquitous one eye symbol and the pyramid shape are often pointed to in popular culture as evidence that the world\u2019s major celebrities are puppets of the Illuminati. [PAR] But if Kubrick\u2019s body of work is rife with Illuminati symbolism, his final film Eyes Wide Shut is the climax. Not only is this film about a mysterious, perhaps murderous, secret society, it is drenched in allusions to the New World Order cabal. Occult symbols like the pentagram can be found throughout the film, as well as multiple references to rainbows and looking glasses, which are notoriously used to evoke The Wizard of Oz and the cultural brainwashing of MKULTRA and other CIA operations. [PAR] In another anecdotal connection, the film\u2019s costume store called the Rainbow is actually across the street from a Masonic lodge. The secret society in the film is often compared to the Masons, as they have both been associated with ritualized sex magic orgies in which human blood is sacrificed. This association is also frequently tied to Satanism and pedophilia, both of which are alluded to in the film. There is even a character named after the creator of the Church of Satan, Anton Sandor LaVey; and the Rainbow store owner\u2019s underage daughter is depicted as a prostitute to rich men. [PAR] Eyes Wide Shut, the phrase itself, is a calling card among secret societies, meaning \u2018my eyes are shut to your misdeeds, brother.\u2019 This anonymity is required of the participants, otherwise the society\u2019s moneyed elite would be revealed. For as one character in the film says, \u201cIf I told you their names I don\u2019t think you\u2019d sleep so well.\u201d [PAR] Perhaps the most eyebrow-raising evidence for Kubrick being murdered by the Illuminati is the events surrounding his death. Kubrick had no history of heart disease in his family and was very healthy prior to his passing. More importantly, he died only days after submitting the first cut of the film to Warner Brothers. At this point, the film was commandeered by Warner Brothers and heavily edited. At the time, the editing was attributed to the need to mask out the hardcore sex shots in the orgy sequence. Yet edits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Matrix (1999) - FAQ - IMDb The Matrix (1999) - FAQ [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Visit our FAQ Help to learn more [PAR] FAQ [PAR] How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? [PAR] For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for The Matrix can be found here . [PAR] What is \"The Matrix\" about? [PAR] The story is set at an indeterminate point in the future, estimated by one character to be the 22nd century, in which human bodies are used for heat and electrical energy while their minds are held in a computer-generated, virtual reality simulation called the Matrix. Humans are essentially slaves in this world. People in the Matrix are subject to the lifelong, full-sensory illusion that they inhabit modern times at the turn of the century. Computer programmer/hacker Thomas \"Neo\" Anderson ( Keanu Reeves ), who may be \"The One,\" joins a Resistance led by Morpheus ( Laurence Fishburne ) and several other freed humans, including Trinity ( Carrie-Anne Moss ), Apoc ( Julian Arahanga ), Tank ( Marcus Chong ) and his brother Dozer ( Anthony Ray Parker ), Switch ( Belinda McClory ), Cypher ( Joe Pantoliano ), and Mouse ( Matt Doran ). They endeavor to expose the truth, overthrow the Matrix, and defeat the vengeful and warlike Machines behind it. [PAR] What is \"the One\"? [PAR] \"The One\" is the man prophesied to release the humans from their bondage to the Matrix through his ability to manipulate the Matrix. It was prophesied by the Oracle that his coming would hail the destruction of the Matrix and bring freedom to the human race. Morpheus is convinced that Neo is that man, although others, Neo included, are not so sure. As explained by the Architect in the second movie, ]the \"one\" is a program anomaly that the Matrix could not account for; an anomaly that occurs because humans have to be given a choice (if the only an illusion of such) in order to accept the virtual world the machines have created for them. Doing so creates the anomaly that is 'The One'. According to the Architect, there were 5 predecessors to the current \"One\". Once Neo reaches the Architect, he is told of the choice of the One: to choose a certain number of humans to repopulate Zion and start all over again, or to choose to let Zion fall and cause the mutual destruction of both, the machines and the humans. The One is basically a real world reset switch. There are those in the Matrix that will never fully accept the machines' reality, and they will find ways to leave the Matrix for the human city of Zion. Once the free human population of Zion grows too large, it poses a threat to the machines; therefore the \"One\" is reintroduced to the Matrix to restart the cycle. Once the One meets the Architect, he is given a choice: to return to the source in order to save humanity and rebuild Zion (thus starting a new cycle and bringing balance as prophesied), or to choose to stay in the Matrix, thereby assuring the destruction of both species. Each of the 5 predecessors to the current Neo chose to save humanity. [PAR] How"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny B. Goode - Back to the Future (9/10 ... - YouTube Johnny B. Goode - Back to the Future (9/10) Movie CLIP (1985) HD - YouTube [PAR] Johnny B. Goode - Back to the Future (9/10) Movie CLIP (1985) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 27, 2011 [PAR] Back to the Future movie clips: http://j.mp/1BcYInh [PAR] BUY THE MOVIE: http://amzn.to/veXQMg [PAR] Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr [PAR] CLIP DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Marty (Michael J. Fox) introduces rock and roll to the young people of 1955. [PAR] FILM DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Contemporary high schooler Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox) doesn't have the most pleasant of lives. Browbeaten by his principal at school, Marty must also endure the acrimonious relationship between his nerdy father (Crispin Glover) and his lovely mother (Lea Thompson), who in turn suffer the bullying of middle-aged jerk Biff (Thomas F. Wilson), Marty's dad's supervisor. The one balm in Marty's life is his friendship with eccentric scientist Doc (Christopher Lloyd), who at present is working on a time machine. Accidentally zapped back into the 1950s, Marty inadvertently interferes with the budding romance of his now-teenaged parents. Our hero must now reunite his parents-to-be, lest he cease to exist in the 1980s. It won't be easy, especially with the loutish Biff, now also a teenager, complicating matters. Beyond its dazzling special effects, the best element of Back to the Future is the performance of Michael J. Fox, who finds himself in the quagmire of surviving the white-bread 1950s with a hip 1980s mindset. Back to the Future cemented the box-office bankability of both Fox and the film's director, Robert Zemeckis, who went on to helm two equally exhilarating sequels. [PAR] CREDITS: [PAR] TM & \u00a9 Universal (1985) [PAR] Cast: Michael J. Fox, Crispin Glover, Lea Thompson, Harry Waters Jr., David Harold Brown, Lloyd L. Tolbert, Granville 'Danny' Young [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] Producers: Neil Canton, Bob Gale, Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall, Steven Spielberg [PAR] Screenwriters: Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale [PAR] WHO ARE WE? [PAR] The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. Here you will find unforgettable moments, scenes and lines from all your favorite films. Made by movie fans, for movie fans. [PAR] SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MOVIE CHANNELS:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scent of a Woman (1992) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] When things get tangled, tango on! Great Film! The Scent of a Woman is the kind of film that many would think belongs to a bygone era. While it is frank and contemporary without sugar coating it illustrates the value of character over glitz and how small acts can have long lasting consequences. The Scent of a Woman is very satisfying on many levels. Of course the primary reason it succeeds is Al Pacino, whose Oscar was well-deserved, needless to say. Chris O'Donnell doesn't overplay his part, and in doing so is realistic and natural. The character development is superb, dialogue terrific, glamorous locations and a story line that requires the characters to show themselves to be the people they really are. The film has a lot of funny lines and great drama. Frank is a retired Lt Col in the US army. He's blind and impossible to get along with. Charlie is at school and is looking forward to going to university; to help pay for a trip home for Christmas, he agrees to look after Frank over thanksgiving. Frank's niece says this will be easy money, but she didn't reckon on Frank spending his thanksgiving in New York. [PAR] Manu Gino [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] Al Pacino is one of the most respected and talented actors in the history of filmmaking. So why did it take him over 20 years in the business before he finally got his hands on one of those golden little baldies, that go by the name of Oscar? It's a question that will confound many but at least now, with this performance in 1992, it probably, proudly, rests on his mantelpiece. In order to make some money for a Christmas trip home, impoverished college-student Charlie (Chris O'Donnell) agrees to look after Frank (Al Pacino), a blind retired Colonel for Thanksgiving. Babysitting takes on a whole new dimension when Frank decides he wants to spent the weekend living it up in New York City. At the time of this films release Pacino had had 4 nominations for Best Actor and 3 nominations for Best Supporting Actor. He had produced such sterling work in classic films like \"The Godfather\", \"Serpico\", \"Dog Day Afternoon\" and \"Scarface\". This is only a few in a long list but, finally, no-one could argue with his bravura portrayal of a blind, hard drinking, ex-Army colonel. This isn't the type of film you'd tip for Pacino receiving an award but it's a performance that can't be ignored. Yes, grandstanding does ensue, but hey! It's Pacino, he's allowed. There's an unsettling intensity to his performance that's so powerful, it's hard to take your eyes off him. Ironically, he plays a blind man but his performance allows the audience to see. To see, what an actor can encapsulate. The film itself is a tad lighthearted and despite being overshadowed considerably, a young Chris O'Donnell handles himself well in such company. But it feels like the story itself is only a vehicle, or series of scenes, in which to allow Al to chew up. It's enjoyable stuff nonetheless and at a running time of 2hrs 30mins, you wouldn't know. The time flies by as it's so much fun. A major demerit is the Hollywood perfect, rousing, finale though. The schmaltz factor goes through the roof, leaving you feeling a bit embarrassed at the audacity in even attempting it and it seriously sells the film short. If I was to rate this based on Pacino's performance, it would be an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kate Winslet - IMDb Kate Winslet - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actress | Soundtrack [PAR] Ask Kate Winslet what she likes about any of her characters, and the word \"ballsy\" is bound to pop up at least once. The British actress has made a point of eschewing straightforward pretty-girl parts in favor of more devilish damsels; as a result, she's built an eclectic resume that runs the gamut from Shakespearean tragedy to modern-day ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 15 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 people [PAR] created 26 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 images [PAR] created 29 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 13 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 47 people [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Kate Winslet's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 79 wins & 148 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Finding Neverland Sylvia Llewelyn Davies [PAR] (2004) [PAR] 1992 Anglo Saxon Attitudes (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Caroline Jenington [PAR] 2005 Romance & Cigarettes (performer: \"Scapricciatiello (Do You Love Me Like You Kiss Me)\", \"Little Water Song\") [PAR] 2001 EastEnders (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] 2001 Christmas Carol: The Movie (performer: \"What If I\") [PAR] 1997 Titanic (performer: \"Come, Josephine, In My Flying Machine\") [PAR] 1994 Heavenly Creatures (performer: \"Sono Andati\") [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2016 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2006-2016 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2016 Rencontres de cin\u00e9ma (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] Herself - Nominee: Best Actress in a Supporting Role and Presenter: Spotlight [PAR] 2016 Nature (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself - Narrator [PAR] 2016 60 Minutes (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself - Actress (segment \"And the Nominees Are\") [PAR] 2004-2016 Film 2016 (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Interviewee / Herself [PAR] 2016 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2016 CBS News Sunday Morning (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2015 Celebrity Conversations (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2015 Janela Indiscreta (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2006-2015 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2015 IMDb Asks (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2015 Wimbledon 2day (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Spectator [PAR] 2015 IMDb: What to Watch (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2014 Divergent: Faction Before Blood (Video documentary short) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2014 E! News (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2014 Omg! Insider (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2013 Celebrity Style Story (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2012 La nuit des C\u00e9sars (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself - C\u00e9sar d'honneur [PAR] 2011 The Making of Mildred Pierce (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2010 An Extras Night In (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2010 30 minuts (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2009 Bambi Verleihung 2009 (TV Movie) [PAR] Herself - Winner [PAR] Herself - Winner: Best Actress in a Leading Role [PAR] 2009 Xpos\u00e9 (TV Series) [PAR] 2009 At the Movies (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2002-2009 Cinema 3 (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2009 Larry King Live (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2009 D\u00edas de cine (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Interviewee [PAR] 2009 This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Interviewee [PAR] 2008 Access Hollywood (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2002-2008 Charlie Rose (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 1997-2008 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2008 The One Show (TV"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Favorite Martian Review | Movie Reviews and News - EW.com My Favorite Martian \u2013 EW.com [PAR] Comedy, Romance, Sci-fi and Fantasy [PAR] We gave it a D+ [PAR] The big innovation is that Uncle Martin (Christopher Lloyd), the quizzical alien with the \u201950s TV antennas popping out of his head, has been given an anthropomorphic silver space suit \u2014 a dancing, prancing, horny polymer uniform that carries on like Jim Carrey in \u201dThe Mask.\u201d The big drag is that the suit completely outshines Martin. In this glorified special-effects demo reel based on the singularly daft \u201960s sitcom (what\u2019s next \u2014 \u201dPetticoat Junction\u201d?), Lloyd, when not spouting hyperkinetic scientific gibberish, makes scoops of ice cream fly around the room, guzzles the contents of a lava lamp, and literally falls apart into head and rascally limbs, as his earthly caretaker (Jeff Daniels) gawks in dismay. \u201dFlubber\u201d was more edifying \u2014 and more fun. [PAR] Show Full Article"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emma (1996) - IMDb Emma (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In rural 1800s England things go bad for a young matchmaker after she finds a man for another woman. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 13 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 16 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 15 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Search for \" Emma \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 2 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] At 10, Fanny Price, a poor relation, goes to live at Mansfield Park, the estate of her aunt's husband, Sir Thomas. Clever, studious, and a writer with an ironic imagination and fine moral ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Patricia Rozema [PAR] Emma Woodhouse seems to be perfectly content, a loving father whom she cares for, friends, and a home. But Emma has a terrible habit - matchmaking. She cannot resist finding suitors for her... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Romola Garai, Michael Gambon, Jonny Lee Miller [PAR] Rich Mr. Dashwood dies, leaving his second wife and her three daughters poor by the rules of inheritance. The two eldest daughters are the titular opposites. [PAR] Director: Ang Lee [PAR] Northanger Abbey (TV Movie 2007) [PAR] Drama | Romance [PAR] A young woman's penchant for sensational Gothic novels leads to misunderstandings in the matters of the heart. [PAR] Director: Jon Jones [PAR] Royal Navy captain Wentworth was haughtily turned down eight years ago as suitor of pompous baronet Sir Walter Elliot's daughter Anne, despite true love. Now he visits their former seaside ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Adrian Shergold [PAR] Sense & Sensibility (TV Mini-Series 2008) [PAR] Drama | Romance [PAR] Widow Dashwood and her three unmarried daughters, Elinor, Marianne and Margaret, inherit only a tiny allowance. So they move out of their grand Sussex home to a more modest cottage in ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Dominic Cooper, Charity Wakefield, Hattie Morahan [PAR] While matchmaking for friends and neighbors, a young 19th-century Englishwoman nearly misses her own chance at love. [PAR] Director: Diarmuid Lawrence [PAR] Pride and Prejudice (TV Mini-Series 1995) [PAR] Drama | Romance [PAR] Jane Austen's classic novel about the prejudice that occurred between the 19th century classes and the pride which would keep lovers apart. [PAR] Stars: Colin Firth, Jennifer Ehle, Susannah Harker [PAR] Mansfield Park (TV Movie 2007) [PAR] Drama [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.3/10 X [PAR] At age 10, Fanny Price is sent by her destitute mother to live with her aunt and uncle, Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram. As a child she was often made to feel that she was the poor relation but... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Iain B. MacDonald [PAR] A biographical portrait of a pre-fame Jane Austen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 9 actors who\u2019ve played Batman | Den of Geek The 9 actors who\u2019ve played Batman | Den of Geek [PAR] Search [PAR] The 9 actors who\u2019ve played Batman [PAR] We look at the nine actors who\u2019ve graced Batman's cowl on the big screen, including Mr Ben Affleck\u2026 [PAR] j [PAR] Holy revolving door, Batman! The Caped Crusader has been portrayed by more actors than any other superhero in movie history \u2013 nine to be exact. Most have lasted for just one film, but with the release of The Dark Knight Rises, Christian Bale became the first man to have played Bruce Wayne and his alter-ego more than twice on the silver screen. [PAR] He didn\u2019t have much competition \u2013 Michael Keaton was the only prior actor to reprise the role. Will Arnett will also join that club when his LEGO Batman movie hits cinemas in 2017. Ben Affleck could well throw all these records out, of course, given the sprawling DC Extended Universe plans now afoot and his vital involvement in them. [PAR] Here's the nine actor who've played Gotham's Dark Knight... [PAR] 1. Lewis G Wilson [PAR] Wilson was the first and youngest actor ever to play the adult Batman, and also the least successful. At 23, the unknown thespian donned the cape and the cowl in the 15-part 1943 Columbia serial Batman. While he looked the part of the dashing playboy, his physique was more Danny DeVito as the Penguin. One critic described Wilson as \u201cthick about the middle.\u201d Maybe that was why he wore his utility belt just below his chest. Critics also complained that his voice was too high and that he had a Boston accent. That, of course, wouldn\u2019t be the last time someone complained about Batman\u2019s voice. [PAR] After Batman, Wilson\u2019s career went nowhere. Most of his roles went uncredited. His next biggest movie part was probably in the 1951 cult classic Bowanga Bowanga. A few years later he was out of showbiz altogether. His son, Michael G Wilson, however, fared better in Hollywood, becoming the executive producer of the James Bond series. Lewis G Wilson died in 2000. [PAR] 2. Robert Lowrey [PAR] Lowery took over the role in the follow-up serial, 1949\u2019s Batman And Robin. Unlike Lewis, Lowery, 36 at the time, was a veteran actor, having already appeared in The Mark Of Zorro (1940), The Mummy's Ghost (1944) and Dangerous Passage (1944). He also filled out the Batsuit better than Lewis, with his utility belt hanging where you would expect it on a non-octogenarian. [PAR] Though Lowery never played Batman in another movie, he did get to wear the cape once more and make superhero history in the process. In 1956 he guest-starred on an episode of The Adventures Of Superman, marking the first time a Batman actor shared screen time with a Superman actor. (One for the fact fans: the two actors also appeared together in their pre-superhero days, in a WWII anti-VD propaganda film called Sex Hygiene). [PAR] After Batman, Lowrey enjoyed another 20 years in movies and TV. He died in 1971. [PAR] 3. Adam West [PAR] The man logging the most hours in the Batcave, of course, was William West Anderson, whom you probably know better as Adam West. Either you love him for his goofy charm or hate him for blemishing the Bat\u2019s image for several decades. His campy, over-the-top portrayal of Gotham\u2019s Guardian infiltrated nearly every medium, including a 1966 movie and several animated series. [PAR] Legend has it producer William Dozier cast West after seeing him play a James Bond-like spy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ewan McGregor is still interested in an Obi-Wan Kenobi ... Ewan McGregor is still interested in an Obi-Wan Kenobi spin-off \u2013 EW.com [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] ILM/Lucasfilm, Ltd. [PAR] Speaking at the Edinburgh Film Festival , Ewan McGregor, who played young Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, said that he\u2019s definitely be up for another trip to the galaxy far, far away. And he has a very specific idea about how it could come about. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019d be happy to do the story from episodes three where I finish up and Alec Guinness starts,\u201d McGregor said, referring to the era between the two trilogies, when Obi-Wan is camped out in the deserts of Tatooine. McGregor has been consistent in this view. We know this because it\u2019s the same movie he\u2019s been pitching since early 2013, when he shared the same idea with MTV . [PAR] While McGregor\u2019s idea for a spin-off seems like a good one, Lucasfilm\u2019s slate is looking a little full at the moment. After The Force Awakens in December and Rogue One in 2016, the plan is to finish off the new trilogy in 2017 and 2019, with a Boba Fett spin-off in between and a Han Solo movie likely coming afterward. That could mean we wouldn\u2019t see an Obi-Wan movie until 2021 at the earliest. Maybe that would give McGregor some time to go more gray. [PAR] On top of sharing his thoughts on a potential future for Obi-Wan, McGregor also took time to throw some shade Kylo Ren\u2019s way. \u201cI\u2019m not sure about the hilt on the lightsaber,\u201d referring to the weapons wielded by Adam Driver\u2019s character. \u201cIf you fight with a lightsaber properly you don\u2019t need one.\u201d [PAR] Come on, Ewan. Everyone knows that Stephen Colbert put the crossguard debate to bed.[DOC] [TLE] Stop Asking Ewan McGregor to do Another Star Wars Film Stop Asking Ewan McGregor to do Another Star Wars Film [PAR] Stop Asking Ewan McGregor to do Another Star Wars Film [PAR] The man who played young Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, Ewan McGregor, is getting rather tired of being the standard bearer for an Obi-Wan Star Wars film\u2026 [PAR] Get the Dork Side of the Force App [PAR] Speaking with Parade Magazine , the actor, who as you know, has portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in not only the Star Wars prequels \u2014 but also helped to bring Obi-Wan\u2019s voice back to the big-screen in Star Wars: The Force Awakens, in Rey\u2019s Force dream \u2014 talked about the stress of constantly being pushed into the role of fans wanting him to champion the cause of his own Star Wars film, with Disney/Lucasfilm. [PAR] \u201cI like the films that I made with George Lucas and I\u2019m happy to be part of the legend of it all, but that\u2019s it with me. I don\u2019t really understand the fanaticism about it.\u201d [PAR] Parade made sure to point out that McGregor said he enjoyed the films he made with George Lucas. In fact, Parade bolded Lucas\u2019 name, but I wouldn\u2019t read anything into that, as McGregor and J.J. Abrams have a great relationship , and the actor loved the film. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m asked by everybody all the time, \u201cWould you do another one?\u201d and I\u2019ve said, \u201cYeah, I\u2019d be happy to,\u201d because I think there\u2019s a film between Episode 3 and Episode 4, which is when Alec Guinness is in the desert.\u201d [PAR] This is the film that Star Wars fans want, and I am surprised that Kathleen Kennedy hasn\u2019t already begun pre-production on this film already. I wonder if"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Ever After: A Cinderella Story' - The Washington Post 'Ever After: A Cinderella Story' [PAR] Save money with NextCard Visa [PAR] Sumptuous, satisfying and sweetly subversive, \"Ever After: A Cinderella Story\" is more \"Masterpiece Theatre\" than \"Faerie Tale Theater.\" [PAR] There is no magical gourd and no stroke of midnight, but there is a handsome prince, an evil stepmother and, naturally, a pretty girl down on her luck. Only this 16th-century sister quotes freely from Sir Thomas More's \"Utopia,\" can lift the prince straight off the ground and, when it comes to defending herself, has a mean left hook. She's the orphan Danielle and, as played by Drew Barrymore, there is a refreshing robustness rounding out the heroine's alabaster beauty. In this modern retelling of the well-known fable, she is one princess-in-waiting who does not need rescuing by any knight in shining armor. [PAR] Even as a little girl, the feisty Danielle (Anna Maguire) could whip the boy next door (Ricki Cuttell). But when her father (Jeroen Krabbe) dies, leaving her in the care of his new bride, Rodmilla (a deliciously vicious Anjelica Huston), Danielle's fire is buried under the soot from the hearth she is forced to clean. \"Cinder-soot\" and \"Cinderella,\" her nasty and demanding stepsister Jacqueline (Melanie Lynskey) soon dubs her. Less snooty but no more helpful is the other stepsibling, namby-pamby Marguerite (Megan Dodds). [PAR] Enter Prince Charming-excuse me, Prince Henry (Dougray Scott)-the disaffected dreamboat son of King Francis I of France (Timothy West). His Highness Henry is engaged to be married to the daughter of the King of Spain as part of the recent treaty between the two countries, but Daddy senses that Junior isn't too keen on the arranged match and gives him one week to find another bride. At the top of his list, of course, is Danielle, whom Henry only knows as the Countess Nicole. (That's the pseudonym Danielle adopted while impersonating a noblewoman in order to buy back a member of her household out of slavery.) [PAR] Now all he has to do is find Ms. Right while avoiding the grasping Jacqueline and her social-climbing mother. Sound familiar? Be prepared for a few surprises. [PAR] One of the wonderful things about \"Ever After\" is its clever blend of historical accuracy and fantasy. Gone are Disney's talking mice and fairy godmother and in their place is Leonardo da Vinci (Patrick Godfrey) who, in the last few years of his life, actually did hang out in the court of Francis I. He's the one who gets Danielle to the royal ball on time and designs an extravagant costume for her, not with a wave of a wand, but by calling into play his legendary mechanical know-how. [PAR] To be sure, there are a handful of anachronisms in this tall tale, not least of which is Danielle's strength and independence, practically unheard of in the 16th century. When she herself is sold into slavery to the vile merchant Pierre Le Pieu (Richard O'Brien), it is by her own wiles and swordsmanship that she is able to escape. [PAR] But such quibbles are negligible, given the fact that this is, after all, a bedtime story, framed by the oral narrative of actress Jeanne Moreau, playing a 19th-century grande dame whose ancestors supposedly knew the \"real\" Cinderella. [PAR] One thing is certain. A commoner probably never strolled arm in arm through the woods with the crown prince and it is doubtful that anyone ever asked him, \"Why is it men never stop for directions?\" But with a romance this fanciful and filled with little delights,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nasa funds Armageddon-stylerobots who will protect Earth ... Nasa funds Armageddon-stylerobots who will protect Earth from asteroids | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] You are probably familiar with films such as Armageddon, telling stories of the human race nearly being wiped out by impacts from asteroids. [PAR] But a project funded by Nasa is developing a way to turn such asteroids from a threat into something useful, namely spaceships that can help defend the planet. [PAR] The project, named Reconstituting Asteroids into Mechanical Automata (RAMA), aims at working out a way to turn the rocks into basic spacecraft using robots. [PAR] A new project, named Reconstituting Asteroids into Mechanical Automata (RAMA), aims to develop a way to turn the rocks into basic spacecraft using robots. It has just been awarded funding from Nasa to work on the first nine months of feasibility tests [PAR] The idea is that a set of technically simple robotic processes will be developed that can convert asteroid elements into very basic versions of spacecraft subsystems. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share [PAR] 27 shares [PAR] 'Upon completion, the asteroid will be a programmed mechanical automata carrying out a given mission objective,' said James Dunn, co-founder of Made in Space, the US based space-manufacturing company working on the project. [PAR] A strike from a mid to large sized asteroid or comet, or near-Earth orbit (NEO) would have catastrophic effects around the world. [PAR] THE SEARCH FOR DEADLY NEOS [PAR] Astronomers around the world use ground-based telescopes, including Nasa's space-based NEOWISE infrared telescope, to track near-Earth objects. [PAR] Data are sent to a global database, and once NEOs are detected, orbits are monitored by the Center for NEO Studies at Nasa's Jet Propulsion Lab in California. [PAR] Then, further characterisation is done using Nasa's Infrared Telescope facility, Spitzer Space Telescope, and interplanetary radars. [PAR] These programs will continue under the new PDCO, and have long been funded by the NEO Observations Program. [PAR] Each year, roughly 1,500 near-Earth objects (NEOs) are identified, and more than 13,500 have been discovered since the Nasa-funded searches began in 1998. [PAR] It's widely thought that a comet strike spurred the extinction of the dinosaurs. [PAR] Mr Dunn said the missions will include 'relocation to an Earth-Moon libration point for human rendezvous or perhaps to set an Earth-threatening NEO on course to the outer solar system and out of harm's way.' [PAR] Mr Dunn hopes this project will add to Nasa's ongoing work to keep an eye on NEOs and potentially defend from them. [PAR] Earlier this year the space agency set up the Washington based Planetary Defense Coordination Office, which will spearhead the ongoing search for asteroids and comets passing near Earth's orbit, and will work with disaster relief agencies to develop emergency response plans. [PAR] The space agency said there are no known threats to date, but near approaches in the recent past are reminders of the potential hazards. [PAR] Each year, roughly 1,500 near-Earth objects (NEOs) are identified, and more than 13,500 have been discovered since the Nasa-funded searches began in 1998. [PAR] Nasa has already identified more than 90 per cent of NEOs larger than 0.62 miles (1km), and has turned its sights on smaller, football field-sized objects. [PAR] Each year, roughly 1,500 near-Earth objects (NEOs) are identified, and more than 13,500 have been discovered since the Nasa-funded searches began in 1998. RAMA could help turn asteroids into spaceships that could set an Earth-threatening NEO (artist's impression) on course to the outer solar system [PAR] In the 1998 film Armageddon, Nasa recruits a team of deep"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur C. Clarke Biography (Writer) - factmonster.com Arthur C. Clarke Biography (Writer) [PAR] Birthplace: Minehead, Somerset, England [PAR] Best known as: The author of 2001: A Space Odyssey [PAR] Sci-fi superstar Arthur C. Clarke wrote the 1953 novel Childhood's End, which went on to become one of most popular and acclaimed science fiction novels of all time. Yet he is still better known for his 1968 novel 2001: A Space Odyssey (based on his own 1951 short story The Sentinel). Clarke worked with director Stanley Kubrick on the screenplay for the 1968 film, which is now regarded as a classic. Clarke has published hundreds of essays and short stories and over 75 novels, including the sequels 2010: Odyssey Two (1982), 2061: Odyssey Three (1988), 3001: The Final Odyssey (1997). Along with his literary work, he is credited with coming up with the idea for a real-life space success: geostationary communications satellites. Since 1956 he has lived in Sri Lanka. Clarke was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1998. Arthur C. Clarke - The Authorized Biography was published by Neil McAleer in 1992. He died in the Indian Ocean country of Sri Lanka, his home since 1956. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Clarke\u2019s middle name is Charles\u2026 He was nominated for a screenwriting Oscar in 1969 for 2001: A Space Odyssey, but did not win; the winner that year was Mel Brooks for the comedy The Producers\u2026 Among Clarke\u2019s literary creations is the fictional supercomputer Hal 9000 . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Advertisement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Freeze (Arnold Schwarzenegger) - Batman Wiki - Wikia Mr. Freeze (Arnold Schwarzenegger) | Batman Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Mr. Freeze (Arnold Schwarzenegger) [PAR] Bad (though at the end, he starts becoming good) [PAR] Affiliation: [PAR] Hair - Brown (before accident) White then shaved off (after accident) [PAR] Eyes - Brown (before accident) Ice Blue (after accident) [PAR] Portrayed by: [PAR] \u2015Mr. Freeze [src] [PAR] Mr. Freeze was the alias of Dr. Victor Fries. [PAR] After the result of an accident condemning him to live in sub-zero temperatures, he became a cold hearted villain and was determined to find a cure for his wife's illness even if he had to freeze all of Gotham City to do it. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Dr. Victor Fries before the accident. [PAR] History [PAR] Edit [PAR] Victor Fries was a two time olympic decathlete and a very well known scientist, having won the Nobel Prize in the field of molecular biology. He was trying to cure his wife Nora (who he was deeply devoted to) from a terminal illness called MacGregor's syndrome that would eventually kill her. Victor placed her in an experimental cryogenic floatation tank of his own invention, hoping to keep her in suspended animation until he could find a cure. He continued his research on the disease while his wife endured her frozen slumber, even managing to cure the disease in its early stages, but still working on the advanced case Nora had contracted. During an experiment, he fell into a vat of his cryo-fluid that was fifty degrees below zero, somehow surviving only to find himself dependent on a special cryosuit that used special diamond enhanced lasers to keep him at zero degrees. He took on the persona of Mr. Freeze. [PAR] Crime spree [PAR] Edit [PAR] Freeze hid out at Snowy Cones Ice Cream Factory and began a life of crime in a continued effort to cure his wife. He began robbing museums of large diamonds, planning to use them to create a large scale freeze gun that he called his \"freezing engine\" to freeze Gotham, holding it ransom for billions, allowing him to complete his research for her cure. He was pursued by Batman and Robin , but managed to steal a diamond after freezing Robin, and warned Batman that he had eleven minutes to thaw Robin before he would freeze to death. Freeze spared Batman, but threatened to kill the Dark Knight the next time he tries to stop him, and escaped with the diamond. [PAR] At his hideout Freeze is watching his past before the accident. He is then interrupted by one of his thugs who is holding a newspaper and tells him that he wants to see, but he freezes him, commenting, \"I hate when people talk during the movie.\" Then he tells his wife only one diamond left and notices the newspaper on one his frozen thugs and reads it. [PAR] At a rainforest costume party that was using a large diamond necklace to help raise money for a charity, Freeze returned and stole it. [PAR] Mr. Freeze caught by Batman. [PAR] Batman and Robin followed and captured him, imprisoning Freeze in Arkham Asylum . Stripped of his cryo-suit, Victor could no longer survive outside of his specially designed cell, and was rendered incapable of escaping. [PAR] While in Arkham, Mr. Freeze carved an ice statue of his wife in order to have some solace, for he missed her deeply and wished he was still with her. [PAR] Alliance with Poison Ivy [PAR] Edit [PAR] Freeze was then broken"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Terminator 2: Judgment Day subtitles | 490 subtitles Terminator 2: Judgment Day subtitles | 498 subtitles [PAR] Movie ID: [PAR] [PAR] Watch movies with subtitles using Open Subtitles MKV Player . It is free and clean, works under Windows. [PAR] install opensearch for browser Results 1 - 40 >> of 498 (0.136 seconds) [PAR] You can click on table header to sort results by column name [PAR] Terminator 2: Judgment Day subtitles [PAR] Buy at Amazon [PAR] Movie details [PAR] \"It's nothing personal.\". Nearly 10 years have passed since Sarah Connor was targeted for termination by a cyborg from the future. Now her son, John, the future leader of the resistance, is the target for a newer, more deadly terminator. Once again, the resistance has managed to send a protector back to attempt to save John and his mother Sarah. [PAR] Movie rating: 8.5 / 10 (759156)[DOC] [TLE] Terminator 2: Judgment Day YIFY subtitles Terminator 2: Judgment Day YIFY subtitles [PAR] source [PAR] This is the sequel that dreams are made of.10/10 [PAR] Normally when people tell you about a sequel that was better than the original or just as good, Terminator 2 is always guaranteed to be in their list; why? Because this is THE action movie of all action movies, next to Die Hard, this is the movie that isn't just about the action as well, but has an incredible story and message behind it that will always stay with you. Terminator 2 like the first Terminator film has memorable lines, moments, and incredible effects. This is the film that made you believe in \"liquid metal\" machines. Robert Patrick's performance is flawless, to be honest I found him a million times more terrifying than Arnold in the first Terminator, because Robert looks like this normal average guy, but he's not like Arnold where he gets shot and you can clearly see he's a terminator, Robert goes back to human looking and won't stop. Not only that you don't know how to stop him. Linda Hamilton returns and gives a great performance as Sarah Conor who is no longer a meek little girl, she has turned into a strong woman who will do anything to protect her son and the future. Arnold is back and he's better then ever! No wonder in the future they made several terminators that look like him, he's great entertainment. [PAR] Eleven years after Sarah Connor destroyed the original Terminator that was programmed to kill her, two Terminators arrive in Los Angeles from the year 2029. The first is a Terminator identical to the one that Sarah first encountered, while the second is a new model which assumes the identity of a police officer. John Connor is now a 10 year old living with foster parents. Sarah's experiences have made her tougher and more vigilant, but also desperate to warn humanity about the coming apocalypse. After attempting to bomb a computer factory, Sarah is arrested and remanded to the Pescadero State Hospital for the Criminally Insane under the supervision of Dr. Silberman. Meanwhile, the Terminators locate John Connor in a mall. After John is rescued and a chase through the L.A. storm drain channels, the original Terminator escapes with John on his motorcycle. The Terminator explains that he is reprogrammed by the future John Connor to protect and obey John's younger self. The other Terminator is a T-1000, an advanced new prototype programmed to kill John. It is made of \"a mimetic polyalloy\", a liquid metal that allows it to take the shape and appearance of anything it touches. It can also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Independence Day (1996) - IMDb Independence Day (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The aliens are coming and their goal is to invade and destroy Earth. Fighting superior technology, mankind's best weapon is the will to survive. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 06 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 images [PAR] created 20 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Independence Day \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 32 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A police officer joins a secret organization that polices and monitors extraterrestrial interactions on Earth. [PAR] Director: Barry Sonnenfeld [PAR] After discovering that an asteroid the size of Texas is going to impact Earth in less than a month, N.A.S.A. recruits a misfit team of deep core drillers to save the planet. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] Two decades after the first Independence Day invasion, Earth is faced with a new extra-Solar threat. But will mankind's new space defenses be enough? [PAR] Director: Roland Emmerich [PAR] Jack Hall, paleoclimatologist, must make a daring trek across America to reach his son, trapped in the cross-hairs of a sudden international storm which plunges the planet into a new Ice Age. [PAR] Director: Roland Emmerich [PAR] In 2035, a technophobic cop investigates a crime that may have been perpetrated by a robot, which leads to a larger threat to humanity. [PAR] Director: Alex Proyas [PAR] Years after a plague kills most of humanity and transforms the rest into monsters, the sole survivor in New York City struggles valiantly to find a cure. [PAR] Director: Francis Lawrence [PAR] Hancock is a superhero whose ill considered behavior regularly causes damage in the millions. He changes when one person he saves helps him improve his public image. [PAR] Director: Peter Berg [PAR] As Earth is invaded by alien tripod fighting machines, one family fights for survival. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] An ancient struggle between two Cybertronian races, the heroic Autobots and the evil Decepticons, comes to Earth, with a clue to the ultimate power held by a teenager. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] A frustrated writer struggles to keep his family alive when a series of global catastrophes threatens to annihilate mankind. [PAR] Director: Roland Emmerich [PAR] In the colorful future, a cab driver unwittingly becomes the central figure in the search for a legendary cosmic weapon to keep Evil and Mr Zorg at bay. [PAR] Director: Luc Besson [PAR] Humans in a fascistic, militaristic future do battle with giant alien bugs in a fight for survival. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] On July 2nd, communications systems worldwide are sent into chaos by a strange atmospheric interference. It is soon learned by the military that a number of enormous objects are on a collision"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apollo 13 (1995) - IMDb Apollo 13 (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] NASA must devise a strategy to return Apollo 13 to Earth safely after the spacecraft undergoes massive internal damage putting the lives of the three astronauts on board in jeopardy. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Hidden Figures and The Hope for More Real Science Stories [PAR] 21 hours ago | FilmSchoolRejects.com [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 05 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 24 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 18 Oct 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Apollo 13 \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 24 wins & 49 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A FedEx executive must transform himself physically and emotionally to survive a crash landing on a deserted island. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] When a man with HIV is fired by his law firm because of his condition, he hires a homophobic small time lawyer as the only willing advocate for a wrongful dismissal suit. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Demme [PAR] An eastern immigrant finds himself stranded in JFK airport, and must take up temporary residence there. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A murder inside the Louvre and clues in Da Vinci paintings lead to the discovery of a religious mystery protected by a secret society for two thousand years -- which could shake the foundations of Christianity. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] The true story of Captain Richard Phillips and the 2009 hijacking by Somali pirates of the US-flagged MV Maersk Alabama, the first American cargo ship to be hijacked in two hundred years. [PAR] Director: Paul Greengrass [PAR] Two business rivals who despise each other in real life unwittingly fall in love over the Internet. [PAR] Director: Nora Ephron [PAR] A recently widowed man's son calls a radio talk-show in an attempt to find his father a partner. [PAR] Director: Nora Ephron [PAR] Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon works to solve a murder and prevent a terrorist act against the Vatican. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] Two sisters join the first female professional baseball league and struggle to help it succeed amidst their own growing rivalry. [PAR] Director: Penny Marshall [PAR] After discovering that an asteroid the size of Texas is going to impact Earth in less than a month, N.A.S.A. recruits a misfit team of deep core drillers to save the planet. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] A detective must adopt the dog of a dead man to help him find the murderer. [PAR] Director: Roger Spottiswoode [PAR] As Earth is invaded by alien tripod fighting machines, one family fights for survival. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Based on the true story of the ill-fated 13th Apollo mission bound for the moon. Astronauts Lovell, Haise and Swigert were scheduled to fly Apollo 14, but are moved up to 13. It's 1970, and The US has already achieved their lunar landing goal, so there's little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - Dead Man Walking (1995) Dead Man Walking (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A nun, while comforting a convicted killer on death row, empathizes with both the killer and his victim's families. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Helen Prejean (book) (as Sister Helen Prejean C.S.J.), Tim Robbins [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \u2018Marjorie Prime\u2019 Exclusive Teaser: Lois Smith And Jon Hamm Star In New Sci-Fi Drama About Artificial Intelligence [PAR] 13 September 2016 7:00 AM, -08:00 | Indiewire [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 31 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 15 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: Dead Man Walking (1995) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 20 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A mentally handicapped man fights for custody of his 7-year-old daughter, and in the process teaches his cold hearted lawyer the value of love and family. [PAR] Director: Jessie Nelson [PAR] Ben Sanderson, a Hollywood screenwriter who lost everything because of his alcoholism, arrives in Las Vegas to drink himself to death. There, he meets and forms an uneasy friendship and non-interference pact with prostitute Sera. [PAR] Director: Mike Figgis [PAR] An Arkansas waitress and a housewife shoot a rapist and take off in a '66 Thunderbird. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] The Gospel Of Luke from The Bible. [PAR] Director: David Batty [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A convicted murderer on Death Row and the nun who befriends him. Through the portrayal of finely drawn characters and their interactions as the days, hours, and minutes tick down to the condemned man's execution, powerful emotions are unleashed. While Matthew Poncelet and Sister Prejean desperately try to gain a stay of execution from the governor or the courts, scenes are intercut from the brutal crime, gradually revealing the truth about the events that transpired. In addition to her temporal help, the nun also tries to reach out spiritually and assist as a guide to salvation. Written by Tad Dibbern <DIBBERN_D@a1.mscf.upenn.edu> [PAR] Rated R for a depiction of a rape and murder | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 2 February 1996 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] La derni\u00e8re marche See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The scene where Sister Helen was pulled over is based on an incident that happened to Helen Prejean during filming. She thought it was so funny that she asked to have it put into the film. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Matthew says that they shaved his left leg in case they couldn't find a vein. In subsequent shots, it has clearly not been shaved. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Matthew Poncelet : I like rebels. Some blacks is ok. Martin Luther King, he led his people all the way to DC and kicked the white man's butt. [PAR] Sister Helen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Godzilla (1998 film) - The American Godzilla Wiki - Wikia Godzilla (1998 film) | The American Godzilla Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Godzilla: The Series (1998-2000) [PAR] Godzilla (also titled GODZILLA and Godzilla - The Movie) is a 1998 science fiction monster disaster film co-written and directed by Roland Emmerich . It is a loose remake of the 1954 giant monster film classic Gojira and its 1956 Americanized version Godzilla, King of the Monsters! . The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Emmerich and Dean Devlin . The film relates to a fictional tale involving a nuclear incident in the South Pacific which causes an abnormal mutation to occur in a reptile. The beast migrates to North America and wreaks havoc on Manhattan . Incorporated in the plot is the character of Dr. Niko \"Nick\" Tatopoulos , played by actor Matthew Broderick . Tatopoulos, an American scientist whose work involves the effects of exposed nuclear radiation on species; is recruited by the military to help contain and subdue the creature referred to as \" zilla \". The ensemble cast also features Maria Pitillo , Hank Azaria , Kevin Dunn , along with French actor Jean Reno in principal supporting roles. [PAR] The film was a co-production between the motion picture studios of Centropolis Entertainment and TriStar Pictures . It was commercially distributed by TriStar Pictures theatrically, and by Sony Pictures Entertainment for home media. Godzilla explores nuclear mutation, crisis management and military warfare. [2 ] Following its wide release in theaters, the film won and was nominated for multiple mainstream awards, including Saturn Award nominations for Best Special Effects, Best Fantasy Film, and Best Director. The film also won the People's Choice Award in the category of Best European Director for Emmerich from the European Film Awards. On May 19, 1998, the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released by the Epic Records label. It features songs written by several recording artists including The Wallflowers , Rage Against the Machine , Silverchair , and the Foo Fighters . The film score was composed and orchestrated by musicians David Arnold and Nicholas Dodd . [PAR] Godzilla premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on May 20, 1998 grossing $136,314,294 in domestic ticket receipts. It earned an additional $242,700,000 in business through international release to top out at a combined $379,014,294 in gross revenue, but despite this it was considered a disappointment at the box office [3 ]. The widescreen DVD edition of the film featuring theatrical trailers, scene selections, and selected commentary, among other highlights was released in the United States on November 3, 1998. The film spawned an animated television spin-off sequel, titled Godzilla: The Series , which premiered September 12, 1998 on the Fox Kids network. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Plot [PAR] Following a nuclear test in French Polynesia in the early 70's, an iguana nest is irradiated by the fallout of subsequent radiation, and all but one egg survives. Decades later, a Japanese fishing vessel is suddenly attacked by an enormous sea creature in the South Pacific ocean; only one seaman survives. Traumatized, he is questioned by a mysterious Frenchman in a hospital regarding what he saw, to which he replies one word, \"Gojira\". [2 ] [PAR] Dr. Niko \"Nick\" Tatopoulos ( Matthew Broderick ), an NRC scientist, is in the Chernobyl exclusion zone in Ukraine researching the effects of radiation on wildlife, but is suddenly interrupted by the arrival of an official from the U.S. State Department . He is sent to Tahiti and Jamaica , escorted by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Whoopi Goldberg | StarTrek.nl Whoopi Goldberg | StarTrek.nl [PAR] Home \u00bb Database \u00bb Cast biographies \u00bb The Next Generation \u00bb Whoopi Goldberg [PAR] Whoopi Goldberg [PAR] Whoopi Goldberg plays in a recurring guest star role, as Guinan, the alien humanoid hostess of \"Ten Forward,\" the ship's lounge. An avid Trekkie, Goldberg says, \"Star Trek is something I wanted to do since I was a little girl. It was the first show that said, yes, there's a future for black folks.\" [PAR] Whoopi starred in the box-office hit \"Sister Act.\" She also starred in \"Sarafina!,\" a film adaptation of the stage musical, shot on location in South Africa. Whoopi also co-starred in the film \"Made in America\" opposite Ted Danson. [PAR] Goldberg received an Oscar nomination and the Golden Globe Award in 1985 for her motion picture debut in Steven Spielberg's film version of Alice Walker's \"The Color Purple.\" She has since starred in such films as \"The Long Walk Home,\" \"Jumpin' Jack Flash,\" \"Burglar,\" \"Fatal Beauty,\" \"Clara's Heart,\" \"Soapdish,\" and \"The Player,\" among others. [PAR] Whoopi's performance as Oda Mae Brown in \"Ghost\" earned her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, the Golden Globe Award, and the NAACP Image Award. She was also named the NAACP's \"Entertainer of the Year\" for 1990. [PAR] In 1986, her appearance on an episode of Moonlighting earned Goldberg an Emmy Award nomination as Best Guest Performer in a Dramatic Series. Her performance in the CBS Schoolbreak special, \"My Past Is My Own,\" garnered Goldberg a Daytime Emmy Award nomination as Outstanding Performer in a Children's Special. Her appearance on A Different World earned her yet another Emmy nomination. Her television credits include Baghdad Cafe (in which she starred with Jean Stapleton), \"Scared Straight: 10 Years Later,\" \"Carol, Robin, Whoopi and Carl,\" \"Funny, You Don't Look 200,\" Marlo Thomas' \"Free To Be...A Family\" and \"Freedomfest -- Nelson Mandela's 70th Birthday Special,\" which she co-hosted. Whoopi co-produced and appeared in \"Hot Rod Brown,\" the first two \"Tales from the Whoop\" for Nickelodeon, for which she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award. Whoopi Goldberg, along with Billy Crystal and Robin Williams, have also co-hosted HBO's \"Comic Relief\" specials, which benefit the nation's homeless. [PAR] Goldberg's first album, a recording of her Broadway show, won a Grammy Award as Best Comedy Recording of the Year. Her second album, \"Fontaine...Why Am I Straight?\" based on her HBO special, also earned a Grammy Award nomination. In February 1992, Whoopi hosted the \"34th Annual Grammy Awards\" telecast. In 1990, she hosted yet another special for HBO Comedy Hour, \"Whoopi Goldberg and Billy Connolly in Performance.\" She performed in three specials for HBO, including \"Whoopi Goldberg: Chez Whoopi,\" which debuted in August, 1991. [PAR] In the summer of 1991, Whoopi returned to legitimate stage to co-star with Timothy Dalton in A.R. Gurney's two-person play, \"Love Letters.\" Among Goldberg's stage credits are solo performances of \"The Spook Show,\" \"Moms,\" based on the legendary Moms Mabley, and \"Living on the Edge of Chaos.\" [PAR] Whoopi was named the NAACP's Entertainer of the Year. Other recent honors include the \"Hollywood Woman's Press Club's Golden Apple\" for Female Star of the Year, UCLA's \"Jack Benny Award,\" and Women in Film's \"Norma Zarky Humanitarian Award,\" among others. Whoopi was honored for Distinguished Achievement in Film at the \"9th Annual American Cinema Awards\" and at L.I.F.E. (Love is Feeding Everyone) \"Hunger Hero Awards.\" [PAR] She is well-known for her tireless humanitarian efforts on behalf of children, the homeless, human rights, substance abuse and the battle against AIDS."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pierce Brosnan - MI6 - James Bond 007 :: MI6 - The Home Of ... James Bond 007 :: MI6 - The Home Of James Bond [PAR] 2003 - Everything or Nothing (voice & likeness) [PAR] \"Acting allows me to explore new worlds, to discover characters by delving into their lives, and ultimately to become someone else entirely.\" [PAR] [PAR] Biography [PAR] Pierce Brendan Brosnan was born into a somewhat broken family on the 16th of May, 1953. Father, Thomas Brosnan, promptly abandoned the family after Pierce's birth and as a result, he grew up living with grandparents while his mother, Mary, trained as a nurse. Brosnan was born and raised in Navan, Drogheda, a small town north of Dublin, Ireland before the unfortunate death of both grandparents and young Brosnan was moved from family-member to family-member and even into boarding houses. [PAR] Brosnan recalls his childhood as neglected yet certainly memorable - reflecting later that his chosen profession was perhaps stronger because of it. As a boy, he spent a short spell in a strict and over-zealous Catholic school, whilst staying with a foster parent Eileen Reilly, as well as long hours at his Aunt's pub before, at the age of 11, being retrieved by his mother to live with her in England. [PAR] Mary (who preferred to be called May) was at this point about to re-marry and Brosnan's soon-to-be step-father would take him on regular outings to the cinema. One film that particularly caught his eye was \" Goldfinger \". Pierce and step-father, William Carmichael, began to develop a strong relationship and Brosnan began to relish having a stable father figure in his life. [PAR] During his childhood in England, Brosnan and family lived in Putney, where he was educated at Elliott School, a modern state school in the area. Here he was landed with the nickname \"Irish\" - for obvious reasons. Growing tired of the same jibes, Brosnan quickly learned to mimic the accents of the area and soften his Irish accent. During his schooling years, the young Brosnan thrived on English and Arts but elected to drop out of school at the young age of 16. Pierce was already enrolled in an Art School with the hopes of becoming a commercial artist and attending local drama classes at night. [PAR] Brosnan was first accepted into an acting troupe when he applied to join the Kennington Oval House Theatre Club (on advise from a friend) where he volunteered as an Assistant Stage Manager in 1973. In order to persue a carreer in the theatre, Brosnan took any job going, from cleaning hotel rooms to waiting tables. [PAR] Three years later, Brosnan would graduate from art school and join the York Theatre Royal, where he stage managed several successful productions before appearing on stage in his first performing role - \"Wait Until Dark\". [PAR] [PAR] During a run at the York based theatre, Brosnan was witnessed by highly-regarded playwright, Tennessee Williams who commissioned Pierce Brosnan to appear in his newest production - giving Brosnan an amazing boost in popularity. He performed the part of McCabe in \"The Red Devil Battery Sign\" which received an amazing response from audience and reviewers. By the end of the production, Williams issued a telegram to Brosnan, which read simply \"Thank God for you, my dear boy\" - a prized possession of Brosnan's today. [PAR] After the success of \"The Red Devil Batter Sign\", Brosnan was invited to perform in London's Lyric Theatre where he'd play opposite Joan Plowright in a production of \"Filumena\". This production earned Brosnan further kudos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: The Bridges of Madison County: Clint Eastwood ... Amazon.com: The Bridges of Madison County: Clint Eastwood, Meryl Streep, Jim Haynie, Annie Corley: Amazon Digital Services LLC [PAR] By The Best Reviewer on Amazon! on February 10, 2016 [PAR] Format: Blu-ray Verified Purchase [PAR] This review is more about the special features that came with the bluray rather than the movie itself. The movie is a cult classic - as it should be - because it's a beautifully shot film. I think this may have been my first full length feature film with Clint Eastwood. I did not grow up with Mr. Eastwood but was very well acquainted with his cowboy, tough guy image. [PAR] I was very disappointed that there wasn't a director commentary track with this movie, but I think Eastwood actually does NOT do those on ANY of his movies (not any of that I own at least). There is a nice featurette that I enjoyed thoroughly but it's still not enough. There is a commentary track with the editor and someone else and I was bored to DEATH of their commentaries. So disappointing. But the film looks beautiful in letterbox though I'm not sure it's really HD quality. Such a beautifully shot film."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 8MM Reviews & Ratings - IMDb 8MM Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 163 out of 185 people found the following review useful: [PAR] A dark, graphic view into the underworld of pornography [PAR] from London [PAR] 29 October 2004 [PAR] Firstly, this film is hugely under-rated. For those reviewers who call this film a \"waste of time\" or place it in the \"hall of shame\", maybe they should go back to watching more obvious and simple films. [PAR] 8mm focuses on \"snuff\" movies and follows Nicholas Cage as he ventures into the dark underworld of the pornographic industry. I'm not a great fan of Nicholas Cage (I still wonder how he ever made it as a movie star), but in 8mm felt he redeemed himself from past performances. Other actors in the film put on great performances, notably Joaquin Pheonix, and James Gandolfini (of Sopranos). [PAR] What makes the film worth watching though is the emotion, dark imagery and tense moments throughout the film. The storyline too is very well thought out although does have a few holes and untouched areas that may have helped develop the film further. There is no Hollywood ending, forced propaganda, or marketing. What you do get is graphic scenes, moderate violence, and an insight into \"snuff\" movies (which really is quite disturbing). [PAR] Having said that this movie is not for the faint hearted, so if you're a \"puppy-dogs and ice-cream\" kind of person I'd suggest watching something else. If however, you feel you will be able to stomach such a film then prepare yourself for a moving film, which will leave you feeling that little bit darker at the end. [PAR] I highly recommend this film. 8/10 [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 172 out of 207 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Well made, but disturbing. Watch with care. [PAR] from Helsinki [PAR] 27 February 1999 [PAR] I walked into the movie theater last Friday not expecting at all what I was about to see. I'd heard about it, thought \"Oh, another Seven\". Same screenwriter, but I was way off track. I can stomach a lot, having no problem stuffing down popcorn during very graphic scenes. In 8MM, my coke had trouble going down. 8MM did not have consistent gory/violent scenes, but the way the movie was made made you fill in the blanks of what the makers of the movie could not screen. And if you pay attention and immerse yourself, you fill in more blanks than you really think you could, or want. As Max put it: \"the devil changes you.\" The perversity and deep rottenness of the human minds displayed in 8MM is what disturbs you. Then you realize, that \"snuff\"-movies are real, that there are individuals twisted enough to endorse/enjoy/take part in it. And worst of all, that these individuals don't look like monsters, they're perhaps just overweight nearsighted men who look like your dad, your son, your brother, even yourself. And if you don't look out,(no matter how secluded you think you are in your suburban home, with a wife, a daughter, and a dog named Shep) you dive into the pit of perversion and rottenness as well, finding no way out. In conclusion: excellent music, acting very sufficient, the plot: a must see. Just don't bring popcorn, and prepare to walk out of the movie theatre disturbed, asking questions, and a little bit more suspicious of those walking around you, and yourself. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 104 out of 141 people found"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Expectations (1998) - IMDb Great Expectations (1998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Modernization of Charles Dickens classic story finds the hapless Finn as a painter in New York pursuing his unrequited and haughty childhood love. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \u2018Togetherness,\u2019 \u2018Rectify\u2019 and More: A Tribute to the Canceled & Retired TV of 2016 [PAR] 5 December 2016 3:08 PM, -08:00 | Indiewire Television [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 18 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 25 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 01 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Great Expectations \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Based on Charles Dickens' timeless tale, this is a story of the love of a man for an unreachable woman. Updated to modern day New York City, the story concerns a man of modest background who falls in love with a rich girl. But when a mysterious benefactor greenlights the man to make his dreams come true, everything done has the ultimate goal of making Estella fall in love with him... Written by Steve Richer <sricher@sympatico.ca> [PAR] Let desire be your destiny. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for language and some sexuality | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 30 January 1998 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] $9,593,290 (USA) (30 January 1998) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] In his book, \"What Just Happened?\", producer Art Linson reveals that the narration in the movie was written by David Mamet . It was done for free, on the condition that nobody ever find out he did it. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Finn is holding Lustig on the subway, there is nothing on the floor of the train. When Lustig asks Finn to grab his suitcase for him, there it is on the floor, next to the knife, neither of which were seen in the first shot. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Finn : That's a big cat! That's the biggest cat I've ever seen! What do you feed it? [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Crazy Credits [PAR] The credits are accompanied by images of all the artwork drawn by Finnegan Bell (Ethan Hawke). They run the entire duration of credits. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] Courtesy of Atlantic Recording Corp. [PAR] by arrangement with Warner Special Products [PAR] (morristown, TN) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Great Expectations is one of the few films that can incorporate stunning visuals, one of the best soundtracks to ever grace a film and simply characters that you truly care about by the end of the film. [PAR] It's true that the character development on the character of Finn is a little weak, but the characters of Estella and the over flamboyant and heartbroken Miss Dinnsmore certainly make up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Superman II (1980) - Filmsite.org Superman II (1980) [PAR] Superman II (1980) [PAR] d. Richard Lester, 127 minutes, 116 minutes [PAR] Superman II (2006), Richard Donner's cut, with 83% Donner original footage [PAR] Film Plot Summary [PAR] This film began by reviewing short clips from the previous film, beginning with the trial of three criminals: General Zod (Terence Stamp), Ursa (Sarah Douglas), and Non (Jack O'Halloran), on seditious treason charges before Krypton's Council of Elders. The trio had stealthily entered the Council Chamber where the neck of a guard was broken. However, the Council was prepared against their coup d'etat attempt and the group was apprehended. They were encircled by descending, spinning, imprisoning rings as they were declared guilty. The three were banished from the planet Krypton into the revolving, two-dimensional Phantom Zone, their prison, causing them to be flattened. [PAR] Under the credits, Krypton's respected scientist Jor-El (Marlon Brando), fearing that Krypton would be destroyed by a collision with its sun, prepared a space capsule/rocket (with one green crystal) to bear his son Kal-El safely away, just before the planet exploded. There was a brief recap of Kal-El's crash landing in a wheatfield in Kansas, his encounter with adoptive parents, his summoning by the green crystal and trek to the North to create the Fortress of Solitude, Clark Kent's (Christopher Reeve) subsequent employment as a reporter in Metropolis at the Daily Planet, and Superman's first public demonstration when he rescued fellow reporter Lois Lane (Margot Kidder) from a crashing helicopter. The summary ended with the previous film's concluding sequence, in which Superman saved the West Coast from catastrophe when villain Lex Luthor (Gene Hackman) detonated a nuclear missile on the San Andreas Fault. [PAR] At the Daily Planet Office, chief Editor Perry White (Jackie Cooper) ordered his oblivious reporter Clark Kent to do a background story on a terrorist group (disguised as repairmen) that had seized the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and taken about 20 tourists as hostages. They were making demands of the French government, while threatening to explode a Hydrogen bomb (hidden in an oil drum) and level the city. Lois Lane had already been sent to Paris as White's \"best reporter\" to get the story. Worried about her, Clark hurriedly left the building, darted into an alley, and magically transformed himself into Superman at running speed (on camera) - rapidly soaring toward Europe. Meanwhile, ambitious and determined Lois arrived at the scene where the terrorists had released the remaining hostages. To get the story (Lois hoped for a Pulitzer or Nobel prize!), she evaded one security guard with her tourist's translation phrase book, and climbed under the lift-elevator mechanism - after which it was raised high into the air, carrying the terrorists and the bomb. To capture the terrorists, French gendarmes with cable-cutters snapped the elevator's thick steel supports, plunging it down the shaft to the ground (with Lois pinned and clinging underneath), as one of the terrorists inadvertently triggered the timer device with only 60 seconds until detonation. Superman caught the out-of-control elevator, told Lois: \"I believe this is your floor,\" left her off on a lower level, and pushed the elevator (with the bomb) up the shaft and into outer space past Earth's moon. When it exploded, the concussion force of its shock-wave rings caused the Phantom Zone, traveling nearby, to shatter and break open - unwittingly freeing and restoring the Kryptonians as three-dimensional beings, who then flew on toward Earth. [PAR] Outside the Daily Planet office, Clark jaywalked to reach Lois across the street, and was directly hit in the legs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darth Vader Is Coming To Star Wars Rebels, Here's Why ... Darth Vader Is Coming To Star Wars Rebels, Here's Why - CINEMABLEND [PAR] Darth Vader Is Coming To Star Wars Rebels, Here's Why [PAR] By jessica rawden [PAR] 2 years ago [PAR] Disney has done a lot of intense work marketing its new animated Star Wars series, Star Wars Rebels. This week, the Disney Channel premiered a 44-minute special episode called Star Wars Rebels: Spark of Rebellion to kick off the series. The special did quite well on The Disney Channel, and now Star Wars Rebels: Spark of Rebellion is headed to ABC for an additional second showing. The network's airing of Spark of Rebellion will be extra special however, as it will come with a special bonus scene and a cameo from James Earl Jones. [PAR] That\u2019s right, when Spark of Rebellion heads to ABC later this month, fans will be treated to an additional scene featuring none other than Darth Vader. And thanks to Jones\u2019 involvement, the iconic character will get his original voice. On Thursday, executive producer Dave Filoni explained why the new scene has been added in. [PAR] \u201cWe wanted to do something special for the ABC broadcast. We\u2019ve added a scene which gives audiences insight into the Inquisitor and includes a cameo by Darth Vader voiced by the distinguished actor James Earl Jones.\u201d [PAR] The animated series takes place in the time between Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith and Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. A ragtag crew led by the soon-to-be powerful Jedi Ezra Bridger (Taylor Gray) and renegade Jedi Kanan Jarrus (Freddie Prinze, Jr.) are tasked with taking on threatening villains and saving the day. Their main threat will be the aforementioned Inquisitor (Jason Isaacs), who has been tasked by Darth Vader to rid the universe of all Jedi. The show is also notable because it is expected to be canon. [PAR] As I noted prior, Disney is really crushing the marketing with its Star Wars Rebels stuff. Due to big buzz and a built-in audience, the show got off to a killer start on October 3, pulling in more than 6.5 million total viewers, numbers that are high for The Disney Channel. Additionally, the network showed a boost of confidence in the series when it signed on for Season 2 before Season 1 even premiered. Star Wars Rebels will hit the schedule in its regular form on Monday, October 13 at 9 p.m. ET. Sixteen episodes are expected to be produced for Season 1. [PAR] A scene with added information and a Darth Vader cameo might inspire fans to rewatch Star Wars Rebels: Spark The Rebellion when it re-airs on ABC on October 26 at 9 p.m. ET. Even if it doesn\u2019t, it\u2019s still an added reason for new viewers to give the show a shot, without having to add Disney or Disney XD to their cable package in order to do so. [PAR] Subscribe To Topics You're Interested In [PAR] close[DOC] [TLE] Who portrays Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars? - Quora Who portrays Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] The first actor to portray Anakin Skywalker technically was... [PAR] David Prowse [PAR] True, for much of the original trilogy, we didn't know that Darth Vader was The Sith Formerly Known as Anakin Skywalker. [PAR] However, David didn't fully portray Skywalker/Vader. The voice of Darth Vader was portrayed by... [PAR] James Earl Jones [PAR] He provided the voice of Darth Vader in Episode IV, Episode V, Episode VI, and Episode III,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 'Star Wars' Sequel That Never Happened - ScreenCrush The 'Star Wars' Sequel That Never Happened [PAR] The 'Star Wars' Sequel That Never Happened [PAR] April 29, 2014 @ 11:00 AM [PAR] Del Rey Books [PAR] George Lucas had a backup plan. [PAR] It might not seem like such a bold move today \u2013 in the era of blockbuster franchises \u2013 to be planning for a sequel before the first movie has even been released. But, in the 1970s, this was downright revolutionary thinking. Especially considering that we\u2019re talking about a movie set in another galaxy in an era where such films were considered inane. (Granted, some people still consider them inane.) But not only did Lucas have a plan for a ' Star Wars ' sequel, he had two plans. One, as you know, became \u2018The Empire Strikes Back.\u2019 The other exists as a sort of alternative universe oddity of what could have been \u2013 a story titled \u2018Splinter of the Mind\u2019s Eye.\u2019 [PAR] Even after the enormous success of \u2018Star Wars,\u2019 its sequel, \u2018The Empire Strikes Back,\u2019 nearly bankrupted Lucasfilm \u2013 which financed the film independently instead of accepting backing from 20th Century Fox as Lucas had with the first film \u2013 and if \u2018Empire\u2019 had bombed, Lucasfilm itself would have gone bust. (This, as we know, didn\u2019t happen.) The money Lucasfilm used to finance \u2018Empire\u2019 was basically what Lucas had earned on \u2018Star Wars\u2019 after Fox took their cut. [PAR] Now, in this aforementioned alternative universe, let\u2019s pretend \u2018Star Wars\u2019 was a modest success and not an entity that changed movies and mainstream culture forever. Under this scenario, Lucas wouldn\u2019t have the money to make a film on such a grand scale like \u2018Empire,\u2019 so \u2013 before \u2018Star Wars\u2019 was even released \u2013 he commissioned Alan Dean Foster to write a lower-budget sequel to 'Star Wars' titled 'Splinter of the Mind\u2019s Eye.' [PAR] \"I was originally brought in while 'Star Wars' was still in production, on a two-book contract to do the novelization of the film,\" Alan Dean Foster told me by phone from his Arizona home, \"but he also instructed me to write a novel that could be filmed on a low budget.\" [PAR] 'Star Wars' did become a huge hit, so the idea for a \u2018Splinter\u2019 film was scrapped for the much more ambitious \u2018Empire,\u2019 but the novel was still released in 1978 as a follow-up story to \u2018Star Wars\u2019 \u2013 due to rights issues with stars Mark Hamill and Carrie Fisher, the book couldn\u2019t even feature their faces, which is why Luke and Leia have their backs turned on the Ralph McQuarrie-painted cover \u2013 and the first book of the expanded universe of \u2018Star Wars\u2019 stories. [PAR] The original 'Splinter of the Minds Eye' cover [PAR] The plot of 'Splinter' is fairly simple. Taking place after the events of 'Star Wars,' Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa \u2013 along with C-3P0 and R2-D2 \u2013 are on their way to an important meeting with representatives of a system that might join the Rebellion. On the way, the two crash-land on a swamp planet called Mimban (Lucas asked Foster to scrap a space battle that originally led to the crash because it would be too expensive to film), where they soon discover that the Empire has a secret mining colony in operation in an effort to find something called a Kaiburr crystal. Eventually the two are discovered, ending with a showdown between Luke and Leia against Darth Vader. [PAR] One character missing from the book entirely and only referenced twice (and only once by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peace, Love, & Misunderstanding (2011) - News - IMDb Peace, Love, & Misunderstanding (2011) - News [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 7 June 2012 2:56 PM, PDT | WENN | See recent WENN news \u00bb [PAR] Actress Catherine Keener turned hippie sage for Peace, Love & Misunderstanding co-star Jane Fonda , so the movie veteran could understand what it meant to be an earth mother, Woodstock festival-goer type in the late 1960s. [PAR] Fonda, 74, had no idea how influential the inaugural music and arts event was to the hippie movement in 1969, so Keener took it upon herself to school the Barbarella star about the alternative lifestyle. [PAR] In an interview on U.S. breakfast show Today, Fonda said, \"I play a hippie. People think that's what I was but I never was a hippie and (Keener) was far more a hippie than I. She told me what music to listen to and (in the film) I had to say something to (co-star) Jeffrey Dean Morgan about how I was at the Woodstock festival and (her character) breached, the baby breached when... Jimi Hendrix played The Star-Spangled Banner.\" [PAR] And Fonda only fully understood the gravity of rock icon Hendrix's performance after watching 1970's Woodstock , which documented the legendary festival on film. [PAR] She added, \"She (Keener) brought me the documentary so I could see what that (performance was like). No wonder my (character's) water broke! It was an amazing experience. So she helped me understand what that was all about.\" \u00bb [PAR] 7 June 2012 6:58 AM, PDT | The Playlist | See recent The Playlist news \u00bb [PAR] There are moments during certain romantic comedies when you might find yourself throwing up your hands and growling, \u201ccome on!\u201d under your breath. And with good reason: the improbability of plotlines and inconsistencies of characters are enough to drive even the sappiest of us screaming from the theaters, scouring the streets for the realism and even cynicism that seems to have deserted us over the course of the film. \u201c Peace, Love, & Misunderstanding ,\u201d from director Bruce Beresford (\u201c Driving Miss Daisy ,\u201d \u201c Tender Mercies \u201d), is not one of these kinds of rom-coms. At least, not entirely. Though wildly predictable from the outset, and undoubtedly sentimental in its bits of hippie-dippie, lovey-dovey wisdom, the movie doesn\u2019t stray too far from the real world, and ultimately drives home an honest and applicable moral about accepting your family, warts and all. [PAR] The film wastes no time getting its story off the ground. Dialogue filters in over a black screen. \u00bb [PAR] - Emma Bernstein [PAR] 6 June 2012 9:23 AM, PDT | ShockYa | See recent ShockYa news \u00bb [PAR] Even as teens and adults, people tend to be all too eager to fight with their parents over their differences in lifestyles and opinions. But the new comedy-drama \u2018 Peace, Love & Misunderstanding ,\u2019 which hits select theaters on Friday, shows that once people are pushed outside their comfort zones, they\u2019re more willing to accept their family\u2019s diverse views. A seemingly mismatched family unpredictably comes together after unforeseen circumstances bring them together in the Bruce Beresford -directed film. \u2018Peace, Love & Misunderstanding\u2019 follows uptight Manhattan lawyer Diane ( Catherine Keener ), who decides to visit her hippie mother Grace ( Jane Fonda ) in Woodstock for the first time in 20 years, after her husband Mark (Kyle [ Read More ] \u00bb [PAR] - Karen Benardello [PAR] 4 June 2012 6:31 PM, PDT | WENN | See recent WENN news \u00bb [PAR] Watchmen star Jeffrey Dean Morgan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1981 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1981 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Reds (1981) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] HENRY FONDA in \"On Golden Pond\", Warren Beatty in \"Reds\", Burt Lancaster in \"Atlantic City\", Dudley Moore in \"Arthur\", Paul Newman in \"Absence of Malice\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] KATHARINE HEPBURN in \"On Golden Pond\", Diane Keaton in \"Reds\", Marsha Mason in \"Only When I Laugh\", Susan Sarandon in \"Atlantic City\", Meryl Streep in \"The French Lieutenant's Woman\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] JOHN GIELGUD in \"Arthur\", James Coco in \"Only When I Laugh\", Ian Holm in \"Chariots of Fire\", Jack Nicholson in \"Reds\", Howard E. Rollins, Jr. in \"Ragtime\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] MAUREEN STAPLETON in \"Reds\", Melinda Dillon in \"Absence of Malice\", Jane Fonda in \"On Golden Pond\", Joan Hackett in \"Only When I Laugh\", Elizabeth McGovern in \"Ragtime\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] WARREN BEATTY for \"Reds\", Hugh Hudson for \"Chariots of Fire\", Louis Malle for \"Atlantic City\", Mark Rydell for \"On Golden Pond\", Steven Spielberg for \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" [PAR] The Best Picture winner this year was a surprise and major upset win for British producer David Puttnam's low-budget Chariots of Fire, directed by Hugh Hudson, with seven nominations and four wins. It also took top honors for Best Screenplay (Colin Welland), Best Original Score (Vangelis' rich electronic, throbbing score, especially during the iconic opening credits sequence) and Best Costume Design. [PAR] The win signaled the start of another mini-British renaissance of film awards for this year and the next - with Gandhi (1982) soon breaking all British film Oscar records. (It had been 13 years since another British-made film had won Best Picture, Oliver! (1968)) Chariots of Fire was also the second sports film to win Best Picture (the first was Rocky (1976) ). It also marked the first of four biopics to win the top award during the 80s, joining Gandhi (1982), Amadeus (1984), and The Last Emperor (1987). [PAR] Of the top five competitors for Best Picture, two were historical epics, two were about senior-citizens, and one was a throwback to the action/adventure films of the past: [PAR] Chariots of Fire was the inspirational story of the 1924 Olympics running event in Paris and the motivations of two of Britain's runners, Cambridge University students - English Jew Harold Abrahams (Ben Cross) and Scottish Christian missionary Eric Liddell (Ian Charleson). The film, which contained an anti-Semitism subplot, soon became the most-successful foreign film in US box-office history [PAR] Warren Beatty's $35 million, three-hour long American epic masterpiece and front-runner in the competition, Reds (with twelve nominations and three wins) including Best Director (Warren Beatty), Best Supporting Actress (Maureen Stapleton), and Best Cinematography (Vittorio Storaro, the winner of the same award for [PAR] Apocalypse Now (1979) .) Reds was the film biography of American communist and romantic figure John Reed, a left-wing radical journalist and author of Ten Days That Shook the World, who journeyed from Oregon to Greenwich Village and then to Russia to cover first-hand the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution on the streets of Petrograd [PAR] [Beatty received simultaneous nominations as producer, director, co-writer (with English dramatist Trevor Griffiths), and star actor for the film. Only one other director, Orson Welles, had accomplished such a feat (for [PAR] Citizen Kane (1941) ). Beatty was repeating his acquisition of quadruple nominations - his earlier film Heaven Can Wait (1978) had earned him the same distinction.] [PAR] director Mark Rydell's favored, all-star family drama On Golden Pond (with ten nominations and three wins), a screen adaptation of Ernest Thompson's play about the members of the Thayer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Forrest Gump' Anniversary: Looking Back At The American ... 'Forrest Gump' Anniversary: Looking Back At The American Classic 19 Years Later | The Huffington Post [PAR] 'Forrest Gump' Anniversary: Looking Back At The American Classic 19 Years Later [PAR] 07/06/2013 01:13 pm ET [PAR] Matthew Jacobs Entertainment Reporter, The Huffington Post [PAR] Paramount Pictures [PAR] Nineteen years ago today, on July 6, 1994, one of the great American epics was released. \"Forrest Gump\" became a staple of movie culture, producing one of the most indelible title characters of all time. Tom Hanks went on to win his second consecutive Oscar for the performance, and \"Gump\" has seen been catalogued in Americana via countless television re-airings, a themed chain restaurant and a coveted spot in the United States National Film Registry. [PAR] Based on the 1986 novel by William Groom, \"Gump\" held the No. 1 spot at the box office for a whopping 10 consecutive weeks, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of all time after earning $677.4 million worldwide. It currently holds on to the No. 60 spot on the list. [PAR] The movie has since become a dividing point in American pop culture. Despite its historical stature, many critics and even some fans have lambasted the film's immense adoration. Some feel it's a saccharine melodrama that is far inferior to \"Pulp Fiction,\" its chief competition for that year's Best Picture Oscar. [PAR] Still, at No. 71 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies countdown, the movie is an undeniable piece of pop culture history, even if not all audiences find it as sweet as a \"box of chocolates.\" Join us in recalling the \"Forrest Gump\" premiere and the movie's many accolades in the slideshow below. [PAR] The Release Of 'Forrest Gump' [PAR] The Release Of 'Forrest Gump' [PAR] 1[DOC] [TLE] Tom Hanks Wins Best Actor: 1995 Oscars - YouTube Tom Hanks Wins Best Actor: 1995 Oscars - YouTube [PAR] Tom Hanks Wins Best Actor: 1995 Oscars [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 14, 2008 [PAR] Holly Hunter presenting the Best Actor Oscar\u00ae to Tom Hanks for his performance in \"Forrest Gump\" - 67th Annual Academy Awards\u00ae in 1995. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1988 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1988 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Working Girl (1988) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] DUSTIN HOFFMAN in \"Rain Man\", Gene Hackman in \"Mississippi Burning\", Tom Hanks in \"Big\", Edward James Olmos in \"Stand and Deliver\", Max von Sydow in \"Pelle the Conqueror\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] JODIE FOSTER in \"The Accused\", Glenn Close in \"Dangerous Liaisons\", Melanie Griffith in \"Working Girl\", Meryl Streep in \"A Cry in the Dark\", Sigourney Weaver in \"Gorillas in the Mist\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] KEVIN KLINE in \"A Fish Called Wanda\", Alec Guinness in \"Little Dorritt\", Martin Landau in \"Tucker: the Man and His Dream\", River Phoenix in \"Running on Empty\", Dean Stockwell in \"Married to the Mob\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] GEENA DAVIS in \"The Accidental Tourist\", Joan Cusack in \"Working Girl\", Frances McDormand in \"Mississippi Burning\", Michelle Pfeiffer in \"Dangerous Liaisons\", Sigourney Weaver in \"Working Girl\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] BARRY LEVINSON for \"Rain Man\", Charles Crichton for \"A Fish Called Wanda\", Mike Nichols for \"Working Girl\", Alan Parker for \"Mississippi Burning\", Martin Scorsese for \"The Last Temptation of Christ\" [PAR] Beginning this year, the trademark phrase: \"and the winner is...\" was substituted with \"and the Oscar goes to...\" [PAR] Director Barry Levinson's critically and financially-successful Rain Man was the major Oscar winner in 1988. It was the buddy-road saga of the human relationship that gradually develops between two sibling brothers: the elder one a TV-obsessed, institutionalized adult autistic (Hoffman), the other an ambitious, hotshot money-maker/car salesman and hustler (Cruise). The autistic savant's kidnapping from an asylum by his fast-talking brother is with the intent to swindle him of his inheritance, but during a cross-country road trip, a loving relationship develops between the brothers with strong blood ties. [PAR] Rain Man had a total of eight nominations and four wins - for Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay (by Ronald Bass and Barry Morrow). It was the year's highest-grossing picture as well, taking in $173 million (domestic). [PAR] The other Best Picture nominees included the following: [PAR] director Lawrence Kasdan's adaptation of Anne Tyler's novel, the psychological drama The Accidental Tourist (with four nominations and one win - Best Supporting Actress), with two co-stars - Kathleen Turner and William Hurt - that Kasdan had teamed together in an earlier film - Body Heat (1981) [PAR] British director Steven Frears' first American feature film, the lush, pre-Revolutionary France costume drama of competitive sexual seduction Dangerous Liaisons (with seven nominations and three wins - Best Screenplay, Best Art/Set Direction, and Best Costume Design) [PAR] director Alan Parker's propagandist account of the investigation of the disappearance of three civil rights activists in 1964 in the social drama Mississippi Burning (with seven nominations and only one win - Best Cinematography) [PAR] director Mike Nichols' sophisticated romantic comedy about 80s corporate ladder-climbing and office politics in Working Girl (with six nominations and one win - Best Song by Carly Simon: \"Let the River Run\") [PAR] Two of the five directors of Best Picture nominees were not included in the list of Best Director nominees. The two directors were Steven Frears' Dangerous Liaisons, and Lawrence Kasdan's The Accidental Tourist. The two directors substituted for them were British director Charles Crichton for the Monty-Pythonesque, farcical caper comedy A Fish Called Wanda (with three nominations: Crichton's two nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay - and one win for Best Supporting Actor), and Martin Scorsese for his controversial adaptation of Nikos Kazantzakis's novel The Last Temptation of Christ (the film's sole nomination!). [This was Crichton's sole directorial nomination"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1997 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1997 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] The Full Monty (1997, UK) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] JACK NICHOLSON in \"As Good As It Gets\", Matt Damon in \"Good Will Hunting\", Dustin Hoffman in \"Wag the Dog\", Robert Duvall in \"The Apostle\", Peter Fonda in \"Ulee's Gold\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] HELEN HUNT in \"As Good As It Gets\", Judi Dench in \"(Her Majesty) Mrs Brown\", Helena Bonham Carter in \"The Wings of the Dove\", Kate Winslet in \"Titanic\", Julie Christie in \"Afterglow\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] ROBIN WILLIAMS in \"Good Will Hunting\", Robert Forster in \"Jackie Brown\", Anthony Hopkins in \"Amistad\", Greg Kinnear in \"As Good As It Gets\", Burt Reynolds in \"Boogie Nights\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] KIM BASINGER in \"L.A. Confidential\", Joan Cusack in \"In & Out\", Minnie Driver in \"Good Will Hunting\", Julianne Moore in \"Boogie Nights\", Gloria Stuart in \"Titanic\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] JAMES CAMERON for \"Titanic\", Peter Cattaneo for \"The Full Monty\", Atom Egoyan for \"The Sweet Hereafter\", Curtis Hanson for \"L.A. Confidential\", Gus Van Sant for \"Good Will Hunting\" [PAR] Director-producer-screenwriter James Cameron's three-hour mega-hit, Titanic - both the most expensive film ever made AND the number one, most successful box-office film of all-time (shared by 20th Century Fox and Paramount Studios), was the fictionalized account of the 1912 White Star Line cruise-ship disaster. It was the first Best Picture winner to gross over $1 billion (worldwide), and $600 million (domestic). Cameron's film was both a love story surrounded with the special-effects sinking of the 'unsinkable' Titanic on its maiden voyage from Southampton, England to New York. The reconstructed ship in the film was three-quarters actual size. [PAR] Titanic had a record number of nominations and wins - fourteen, tying the all-time record set by [PAR] All About Eve (1950) . That made it the second of only two films to receive 14 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. [PAR] It was also the second film to win 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture - it tied [PAR] Ben-Hur (1959) with eleven Oscar wins - the most Oscar wins of any film in Academy Awards history. [ The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) would equal the feat in six years with 11 wins.] [PAR] Both Titanic and [PAR] Ben-Hur (1959) failed to win Best Original Screenplay (Titanic wasn't even nominated in the category), although both films won Best Picture and Best Director honors. To date, it was the last film to win Best Picture without a Screenplay nomination (Adapted or Original); the last Best Picture to not have its screenplay nominated was The Sound of Music (1965) . [PAR] [The earlier version, Titanic (1953), lacked nominations for Best Picture and Best Director, but had two nominations, including Best Art Direction and it won an Oscar for Best Story and Screenplay - by Charles Brackett, Walter Reisch, and Richard Breen.] [PAR] Its fourteen nominations included: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Make-up, Best Score, Best Song (\"My Heart Will Go On\"), Best Sound, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best Visual Effects. Titanic lost only three awards for which it was nominated - its two acting nominations, and the Best Make-up nomination. The film wasn't even nominated for its screenplay, and it lost its two actress nominations, making it less of an acting film and more of a technical, craft-related masterpiece. Leonardo DiCaprio in a lead role opposite nominated Kate Winslet was denied a nomination. And 87 year-old"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nick Park - IMDb Nick Park - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Writer | Producer | Director [PAR] Nick Park was born on December 6, 1958 in Preston, Lancashire, England as Nicholas Wulstan Park. He is a writer and producer, known for The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005), The Wrong Trousers (1993) and Chicken Run (2000). See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 28 people [PAR] created 25 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 30 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 04 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 33 people [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 41 people [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Nick Park's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 53 wins & 25 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2015 Shaun the Sheep Movie (characters created by) [PAR] Shaun the Sheep (TV Series) (based on characters by - 76 episodes, 2007 - 2014) (original idea - 49 episodes, 2007 - 2010) (based on an original idea by - 3 episodes, 2007) (written by - 1 episode, 2009) [PAR] - Fruit and Nuts (2014) ... (based on characters by) [PAR] - The Stare (2014) ... (based on characters by) [PAR] - Duck! (2014) ... (based on characters by) [PAR] - Save the Dump (2014) ... (based on characters by) [PAR] - Picture Perfect (2014) ... (based on characters by) [PAR] 1989 A Grand Day Out (Short) (written by) [PAR] Hide [PAR] - Timmy Makes a Splash (2012) ... (executive producer: Aardman Animations Ltd) [PAR] - Timmy's Scrapbook (2011) ... (executive producer: Aardman Animations Ltd) [PAR] 2007 Creature Comforts America (TV Series) (executive producer) [PAR] 2003-2006 Creature Comforts (TV Series) (executive producer - 26 episodes) [PAR] - Safari Park (2006) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Communication (2006) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 1997 Stage Fright (Short) (executive producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1985 Second Class Mail (Short) (color artist) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2011 The Simpsons (TV Series) [PAR] Nick Park [PAR] - Angry Dad: The Movie (2011) ... Nick Park (voice) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1989 A Grand Day Out (Short) (photographed by) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1985 Second Class Mail (Short) (lots of help) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2005-2015 Film 2016 (TV Series) [PAR] Himself / Himself - Interviewee [PAR] 2013 This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2012 Just Dandy (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2011 The Big Picture (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Executive Producer [PAR] 2010 100 Greatest Toys (TV Movie) [PAR] Himself (as Nick Park CBE) [PAR] 2010 Breakfast (TV Series) [PAR] 2007-2009 The Culture Show (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009 News Zero (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 The One Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 Blue Peter at 50 (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 All About 'Thunderbirds' (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007 Comics Britannia (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007 British Film Forever (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007 The Comedy Map of Britain (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 The South Bank Show (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 Richard & Judy (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 The 100 Greatest Family Films (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 El Magacine (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2000-2005 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 Best Ever Ads (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 Rove Live (TV Series) [PAR] Himself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Name of the Rose (1986) - IMDb The Name of the Rose (1986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Name of the Rose ( 1986 ) [PAR] Der Name der Rose (original title) [PAR] R | [PAR] An intellectually nonconformist friar investigates a series of mysterious deaths in an isolated abbey. [PAR] Director: [PAR] User Lists [PAR] Related lists from IMDb users [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 12 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 22 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 06 Sep 2013 [PAR] Title: The Name of the Rose (1986) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 BAFTA Film Awards. Another 15 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] An immortal Scottish swordsman must confront the last of his immortal opponent, a murderously brutal barbarian who lusts for the fabled \"Prize\". [PAR] Director: Russell Mulcahy [PAR] In November 1984, the Soviet Union's best submarine captain in their newest sub violates orders and heads for the USA. Is he trying to defect or to start a war? [PAR] Director: John McTiernan [PAR] When Robin and his Moorish companion come to England and the tyranny of the Sheriff of Nottingham, he decides to fight back as an outlaw. [PAR] Director: Kevin Reynolds [PAR] Federal Agent Eliot Ness sets out to stop Al Capone; because of rampant corruption, he assembles a small, hand-picked team. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] 1327: after a mysterious death in a Benedictine Abbey, the monks are convinced that the apocalypse is coming. With the Abbey to play host to a council on the Franciscan's Order's belief that the Church should rid itself of wealth, William of Baskerville, a respected Franciscan friar, is asked to assist in determining the cause of the untimely death. Alas, more deaths occur as the investigation draws closer to uncovering the secret the Abbey wants hidden, and there is finally no stopping the Holy Inquisition from taking an active hand in the process. William and his young novice must race against time to prove the innocence of the unjustly accused and avoid the wrath of Holy Inquisitor Bernardo Gui. Written by Rick Munoz <rick.munoz@his.com> [PAR] They believed in God, but traded with the Devil See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 24 September 1986 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] The Name of the Rose See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby (35 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Helmut Qualtinger 's last movie. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The secret message on the parchment is exposed three times. The translator heated it to reveal the location of the library, William of Baskerville heated it again when he was in the scriptorium and yet again to show the others the message. When a message is written in lemon juice, heating it will cause it to be exposed because the sugar in the juice is caramelized. It does not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hannibal (2001) - FAQ - IMDb Hannibal (2001) - FAQ [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Visit our FAQ Help to learn more [PAR] FAQ [PAR] How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? [PAR] For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for Hannibal can be found at here . [PAR] What is 'Hannibal' about? [PAR] Ten years after the events in The Silence of the Lambs, FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling ( Julianne Moore ) is assigned to the case of Mason Verger ( Gary Oldman ), the only surviving, but severely disfigured, victim of cannibalistic serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter ( Anthony Hopkins ), and Verger wants revenge. Lecter, who disappeared (after the events in The Silence of the Lambs), is currently living in Florence, Italy as a library curator under the assumed name of Dr Fell. Recently disgraced for a bungled drug raid, Clarice is contacted by a sympathetic Lecter. Now that Lecter's whereabouts are known, the hunt for Lecter begins. [PAR] Is \"Hannibal\" based on a book? [PAR] Hannibal is based on a 1999 novel of the same name by American writer Thomas Harris. The novel was adapted for the movie by American screenwriters David Mamet and Steven Zaillian. Hannibal is the film sequel to The Silence of the Lambs (1991). It was followed by Red Dragon (2002) and Hannibal Rising (2007), both adapted from novels by Thomas Harris and written as prequels to The Silence of the Lambs. Prior to The Silence of the Lambs, there was another Hannibal Lecter movie, Manhunter (1986), also based on Harris' 1981 novel, Red Dragon, but not considered to be part of The Silence of the Lambs franchise. [PAR] Who from \"The Silence of the Lambs\" is back in \"Hannibal\"? [PAR] Anthony Hopkins reprises his role as the cannibalistic serial killer, Hannibal Lecter, this time in the guise of Dr Fell, new curator of the Capponi Library in Florence, Italy. FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling is also back, although she is played by Julianne Moore, not Jodie Foster . Barney Matthews ( Frankie Faison ), the nurse who admitted Clarice to the locked row of cells in which Lector was being held at the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, is seen again in a small part at the beginning of the movie. Justice Department official Paul Krendler, played by Ray Liotta rather than Ron Vawter , returns in an expanded and more sinister role. Added to the cast is Gary Oldman playing Mason Verger, a pedophile horribly disfigured by Lecter and the only one of his victims to survive. Also added to the main cast is Chief Inspector Rinaldo Pazzi ( Giancarlo Giannini ) of the Florence Questura, who recognizes Fell as Lecter and attempts to capture him for Verger. [PAR] Weren't there really two surviving victims? [PAR] According to the film, Mason Verger is the only surviving victim of Dr. Lecter's 14 victims. In the novels, it is said that there are three known surviving victims: (1) Verger, (2) an unnamed victim residing in a mental hospital in Colorado, and (3) Will Graham from Red Dragon. Although the novel Red Dragon was written in 1981, before The Silence of the Lambs (1988) and Hannibal (1999), it wasn't filmed until"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Julie Christie - Awards - IMDb Julie Christie - Awards - IMDb [PAR] Julie Christie [PAR] Showing all 46 wins and 28 nominations [PAR] Academy Awards, USA [PAR] Evening Standard British Film Award [PAR] Best Actress [PAR] Evening Standard British Film Award [PAR] Best Actress [PAR] Most Promising New Star (Female) [PAR] San Diego Film Critics Society Awards [PAR] Tied with Ellen Page for Juno (2007). [PAR] Village Voice Film Poll [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 12 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 49 people [PAR] created 06 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 27 people [PAR] created 22 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 29 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 33 people [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] 1965 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1965 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] A Thousand Clowns (1965) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] LEE MARVIN in \"Cat Ballou\", Richard Burton in \"The Spy Who Came In From the Cold\", Laurence Olivier in \"Othello\", Rod Steiger in \"The Pawnbroker\", Oskar Werner in \"Ship of Fools\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] JULIE CHRISTIE in \"Darling\", Julie Andrews in \"The Sound of Music\" , Samantha Eggar in \"The Collector\", Elizabeth Hartman in \"A Patch of Blue\", Simone Signoret in \"Ship of Fools\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] MARTIN BALSAM in \"A Thousand Clowns\", Ian Bannen in \"The Flight of the Phoenix\", Tom Courtenay in \"Doctor Zhivago\", Michael Dunn in \"Ship of Fools\", Frank Finlay in \"Othello\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] SHELLEY WINTERS in \"A Patch of Blue\", Ruth Gordon in \"Inside Daisy Clover\", Joyce Redman in \"Othello\", Maggie Smith in \"Othello\", Peggy Wood in \"The Sound of Music\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] ROBERT WISE for \"The Sound of Music\" , David Lean for \"Doctor Zhivago\", John Schlesinger for \"Darling\", Hiroshi Teshigahara for \"Woman in the Dunes\", William Wyler for \"The Collector\" [PAR] This would be the first year that the awards ceremony (on April 18, 1966) would be broadcast in color on television. [PAR] The two top films in the Best Picture Oscars race in 1965, The Sound of Music and Doctor Zhivago, each had the same number of nominations (ten), and equally divided the same number of Oscars (five): [PAR] The top winner was 20th Century Fox's and Robert Wise's The Sound of Music , Rodgers and Hammerstein's Broadway musical of the same name brought to the screen. It was the real-life story of unsuited postulant Maria (Julie Andrews) who left Austria's Nonnberg Abbey, became governess to seven motherless Von Trapp children, and helped lead the singing family out of Nazi-occupied Austria to Switzerland (and then to America). [PAR] The Sound of Music won Best Picture, Best Director (Robert Wise), Best Musical Score, Best Editing, and Best Sound. [This win gave the musical genre consecutive Best Picture wins - My Fair Lady (1964) had won the previous year.] The Sound of Music also topped [PAR] Gone With The Wind (1939) as the most commercially-successful, money-grossing film to date - thereby saving its studio 20th Century Fox from bankruptcy. Best Director and Best Picture winner Robert Wise had won the same two awards four years earlier (for [PAR] West Side Story (1961) ), but now he didn't have to share his Best Director award with Jerome Robbins. [PAR] The swoon-inducing romantic epic and spectacle, Doctor Zhivago, was British director David Lean's follow-up to [PAR] Lawrence of Arabia (1962) - a Russian epic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] West Side Story (1961) - IMDb West Side Story (1961) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two youngsters from rival New York City gangs fall in love, but tensions between their respective friends build toward tragedy. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 20 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 images [PAR] created 06 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 03 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: West Side Story (1961) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 10 Oscars. Another 18 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. [PAR] Director: Rob Marshall [PAR] Three friends struggle to find work in Paris. Things become more complicated when two of them fall in love with the same woman. [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] A young Shakespeare, out of ideas and short of cash, meets his ideal woman and is inspired to write one of his most famous plays. [PAR] Director: John Madden [PAR] An old Jewish woman and her African-American chauffeur in the American South have a relationship that grows and improves over the years. [PAR] Director: Bruce Beresford [PAR] A naive hustler travels from Texas to New York to seek personal fortune but, in the process, finds himself a new friend. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] A female girlie club entertainer in Weimar Republic era Berlin romances two men while the Nazi Party rises to power around them. [PAR] Director: Bob Fosse [PAR] A silent film production company and cast make a difficult transition to sound. [PAR] Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly [PAR] Stars: Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Debbie Reynolds [PAR] Weary of the conventions of Parisian society, a rich playboy and a youthful courtesan-in-training enjoy a platonic friendship, but it may not stay platonic for long. [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] In 20th-century colonial Kenya, a Danish baroness/plantation owner has a passionate love affair with a free-spirited big-game hunter. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] A silent movie star meets a young dancer, but the arrival of talking pictures sends their careers in opposite directions. [PAR] Director: Michel Hazanavicius [PAR] Ted Kramer's wife leaves her husband, allowing for a lost bond to be rediscovered between Ted and his son, Billy. But a heated custody battle ensues over the divorced couple's son, deepening the wounds left by the separation. [PAR] Director: Robert Benton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] West Side Story is the award-winning adaptation of the classic romantic tragedy, \"Romeo and Juliet\". The feuding families become two warring New York City gangs- the white Jets led by Riff and the Puerto Rican Sharks, led by Bernardo. Their hatred escalates to a point where neither can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Ali MacGraw - The Steve McQueen Site About Ali MacGraw, Ali MacGraw Biography, Ali MacGraw Bio at The Steve McQueen Site [PAR] [PAR] About Ali MacGraw [PAR] Ali MacGraw was born Alice MacGraw on April 1, 1938 in Pound Ridge, New York. She was born to an Irish-American Father and a Jewish mother. She has one brother. Both parents were artists and coming from an artistic family, Ali realized from an early age she wanted a career in the arts. She attended the prestigious Wellesley College which boasts Hilary Rodham Clinton and Diane Sawyer as alumni. [PAR] At age 22, Ali became an assistant to Diana Vreeland at Harper's Bazaar and stylist at Vogue Her natural beauty and grace impressed the photographers and she was asked to move in front of the camera and do some photo shoots. Her clean, fresh look was a bit hit and she began a successful second career modeling and appearing in TV commercials. She started the Less-is-More look as she needed and used little make-up thus creating a huge trend in women wanting to look natural rather than made-up. She soon turned to acting. [PAR] She began her career in acting in 1968 in the movie A Lovely Way to Die but it wasn't until she starred in the movie Goodbye Columbus that she caught the eye of Robert Evans, a Paramount executive. They fell in love and were married in 1971 and had one child, a son Josh. With Evans guiding her career, her next film role would be one with which she would forever be associated. In 1970, she was cast as the beautiful Jennifer Cavalleri in the huge hit Love Story co-starring Ryan O'Neal for which she received an Academy Award nomination. The role she would play after Love Story would change her life dramatically. [PAR] In 1973, she was cast as Carol McCoy in the hit The Getaway in which she co-starred with Steve McQueen. They fell madly and passionately in love while filming and Ali would eventually leave Robert Evans to be with McQueen. The Getaway would be her last role while she was married to him. She gave up her career to become a full-time wife to placate McQueen, he preferred his wife to be in the role of a homemaker rather than a career woman. While Ali was happy to give up her interests to make Steve happy, he was unwilling to do the same. While he was a talented and well-loved actor, he was not a supportive or faithful husband. Soon after they were married, he returned to his old ways of drinking, taking drugs and having numerous affairs. Ali was devastated and soon realized she needed more than to be just Mrs. Steve McQueen to fulfill her life. [PAR] She began discussing a return to films with Steve and to her dismay, Steve became furious and demanded she remain a housewife only. He didn't want her to take classes or have any outside interests because he wanted her to be at home and waiting for him when he decided to come home. With Steve living his double life, she was unable to maintain hers as the dutiful wife and began looking at scripts. In 1978, she signed on for a role in Sam Peckinpah's Convoy and her marriage to McQueen came to a very nasty end. She had signed a pre-nuptial agreement and had very little of her own money since she hadn't worked in so long. Steve controlled everything. Consequently, he kicked Ali out of their marital home and moved the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greatest Film Misquotes - Filmsite.org Greatest Film Misquotes [PAR] Greatest Film Misquotes [PAR] Greatest Movie Misquotes [PAR] (Part 2) [PAR] Greatest Movie Mis-Quotes: Some of the most classic film lines or scenes are really only legendary and/or apocryphal, or they are merely movie misquotes, but after many years of repetition and being misquoted in subsequent films, they have become part of the filmgoing public's consciousness. Many of these examples are film quotes that were either commonly attributed wrongly, or in fact were never actually spoken. [PAR] The top 10 most misquoted film lines are marked with an icon [PAR] Rhett Butler's (Clark Gable) scandalous, swear-word farewell to Scarlett (Vivien Leigh) in Gone With the Wind (1939) did not include Scarlett's name. It was: [PAR] \"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn.\" [PAR] (long version) [PAR] It was NOT: \"Frankly, Scarlett, I don't give a damn.\" [PAR] The misquote was heard in Clue (1985), when Miss Scarlet (Lesley Ann Warren) begged Wadsworth (Tim Curry) to forgive her for trying to shoot him: [PAR] Scarlet: \"Wadsworth. Don't hate me for trying to shoot you.\" [PAR] Wadsworth: \"Frankly, Scarlet, I don't give a damn.\" [PAR] Play clip from Clue (1985): [PAR] And in The Mask (1994), the Mask/Stanley Ipkiss (Jim Carrey) spoofed the line (along with other semi-familiar lines) after being shot: [PAR] - \"Tell Scarlett I do give a damn.\" [PAR] Play clip from The Mask (1994): [PAR] The other lines were referential: [PAR] - \"Hold me closer, Ed.\" [PAR] Flo (Esther Muir): \"I want to be near you. I want you to hold me. Hold me closer! Closer! Closer!\" [PAR] Dr. Hackenbush (Groucho Marx): \"If I hold you any closer, I'll be in back of ya!\" [PAR] Referencing both The Wizard of Oz (1939) and Old Yeller (1957). [PAR] - \"Tell Tiny Tim I won't be comin' home this Christmas.\" [PAR] Referencing A Christmas Carol. [PAR] - \"Thank you, You love me, you really love me.\" [PAR] This line misquoted the end of Sally Field's Oscar acceptance speech in 1985 for her performance in Places in the Heart (1984): \"...The first time, I didn't feel it, but this time I feel it, and I can't deny the fact that you like me, right now. You like me!\" [PAR] Play end of Sally Field's speech: [PAR] Contrary to popular opinion, Gone With the Wind (1939) was not the first use of the word 'damn' in a film. It reportedly was said a few times in Glorifying the American Girl (1929) and in Pygmalion (1938, UK). Also, the phrase \"March and sweat the whole damned day\" appeared on a dialogue card in the silent epic war film The Big Parade (1925) . [PAR] In Only Angels Have Wings (1939) , Cary Grant said the name 'Judy' numerous times to costar Rita Hayworth (playing a character named Judith McPherson), such as: \"Hello, Judy\" - but never repeated her name in rapid succession. [PAR] \"Helly, Judy.\" [PAR] Play clip from Only Angels Have Wings (1939) : [PAR] \"Judy...Judy...Judy\" - was falsely attributed to Cary Grant. [PAR] Cary Grant vaguely recalled that at a party he attended, someone introduced Judy Garland by saying, \"Judy, Judy, Judy\" and the phrase was attributed to him. A 1960 New Yorker ad for several Judy Garland albums (\"Judy! Judy! Judy!\") reinforced the incorrect quote. [PAR] The most beloved family film, The Wizard of Oz (1939) has had problems with one of its most famous lines spoken by Judy Garland (as Dorothy Gale) to her dog Toto: [PAR] \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marni Nixon - Biography - IMDb Marni Nixon - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Marni Nixon [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trivia (17) | Personal Quotes (5) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] Margaret Nixon McEathron [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] \"Loverly\" soprano Marni Nixon has ensured herself a proper place in film history although most moviegoers would not recognize her if they passed her on the street. But if you heard her, that might be a horse of a different color. Marni is one of those unsung heroes (or should I say \"much sung\" heroes) whose incredible talents were given short shrift at the time. For those who think film superstars such as Deborah Kerr , Natalie Wood , and Audrey Hepburn possessed not only powerhouse dramatic talents but amazing singing voices as well...think again. Kerr's Anna in The King and I (1956), Natalie's Maria in West Side Story (1961), and Audrey's Eliza in My Fair Lady (1964) were all dubbed by the amazing Marni Nixon, and nowhere in the credits will you find that fact. Born Marni McEathron in Altadena, California, she was a former child actress and soloist with the Roger Wagner Chorale in the beginning. Trained in opera, yet possessing a versatile voice for pop music and easy standards as well, she not only sang for Arnold Sch\u00f6nberg and Igor Stravinsky but also recorded light songs. Marni made her Broadway musical debut in 1954 in a show that lasted two months but nothing came from it. In 1955, the singer contracted to dub Deborah Kerr in The King and I (1956) was killed in a car accident in Europe and a replacement was needed. Marni was hired...and the rest is history. Much impressed, the studios brought her in to \"ghost\" Ms. Kerr's voice once again in the classic tearjerker An Affair to Remember (1957). From there she went on to make Natalie Wood and Audrey Hepburn sound incredibly good with such classic songs as \"Tonight\" and \"Wouldn't It Be Loverly.\" [PAR] She finally appeared on screen in a musical in The Sound of Music (1965) starring Julie Andrews , who physically resembles Marni. The role is a small one, however, and she is only given a couple of solo lines in \"How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?\" as a singing nun. Marni's vocal career in films dissolved by the mid 1960s, but she continued on with concerts and in symphony halls, while billing herself as \"The Voice of Hollywood\" in one-woman cabaret shows. Throughout the years, she has played on the legit stage, including the lead roles in \"The King and I\" and \"The Sound of Music,\" and in her matronly years has been seen as Fraulein Schneider in \"Cabaret,\" and in the musicals \"Follies\" and \"70 Girls 70.\" Her last filmed singing voice was as the grandmother in the animated feature Mulan (1998) in the 1990s. Married three times, twice to musicians; one of her husbands, Ernest Gold , by whom she had three children, was a film composer and is best known for his Academy Award-winning epic Exodus (1960). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Gary Brumburgh / gr-home@pacbell.net [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Trivia (17) [PAR] Hosted \"Boomerang,\" a Seattle children's TV show. [PAR] Provided the singing voice for Natalie Wood in West Side Story (1961). She also was Deborah Kerr 's singing voice in both An Affair to Remember (1957) and the musical classic The King and I (1956). [PAR] Started out at the age of four as a violinist and had a singing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of New York Scandals - Mae West\u2019s \u2018Sex\u2019 Capade ... The History of New York Scandals - Mae West\u2019s \ufffdSex\u2019 Capade -- New York Magazine [PAR] (Photo: Bettmann/Corbis) [PAR] 1927 [PAR] In a 1925\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd26 New York theater season with acclaimed new plays by O\u2019Neill (The Great God Brown), O\u2019Casey (Juno and the Paycock), and Coward (Hay Fever), critics agreed that the rock bottom was Sex, the first Broadway vehicle written by and starring the voluptuous vaudeville trouper Mae West. Sex was \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdstreet sweepings,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in the verdict of The New Yorker, and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bda crude, inept play, cheaply produced and poorly acted,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd according to the Times. The paper\u2019s review did helpfully note that the show\u2019s \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdone torrid love scene\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd lived up to its title. An ad warning patrons who \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcannot stand excitement\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsee your doctor before visiting Mae West\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd didn\u2019t hurt either. The play outlasted nearly all the competition. Variety christened its heroine, a Montreal lady of the evening with a fondness for sailors, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe Babe Ruth of stage prosties.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Politics turned a hit into a Jazz Age phenomenon. When New York\u2019s rakish mayor, Jimmy Walker , took a Havana holiday in February 1927, the acting mayor, Joseph V. (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdHoly Joe\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd) McKee, raided three risqu\u00e9 Broadway shows. West was the prime target: Sex, then in the tenth month of its run, had been seen by 325,000 theatergoers. To the delight of the tabloid press, its twenty actors were hauled off to a police station in Hell\u2019s Kitchen. The star spent the night in the Jefferson Market Women\u2019s Prison. [PAR] West bailed out her company. The court had offered to drop charges if she would close the show. But she knew that in showbiz, crime paid. The grand jury\u2019s claim that her \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdobscene, indecent, immoral, and impure drama\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd would abet \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe corruption of the morals of youth\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd was better than any rave review. Festooned with white roses, she rode a limo to incarceration on Welfare Island and boasted of wearing silk underwear throughout her eight-day stay there. When Liberty magazine paid her $1,000 for an exit interview, she used it to start a Mae West Memorial Library for female prisoners. [PAR] A later West play\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Pleasure Man, awash in female impersonators and homosexuality\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwould be raided and shut down at its second Broadway performance in 1928. Undaunted, she eventually revived Sex and toured the Depression-era Midwest without incident, before arriving in Hollywood, where, paired with Cary Grant and W. C. Fields, she hit superstardom as she was reaching 40. The Bushwick-born, self-invented West (1893\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1980) wrote the Ur-text for Madonna and Lady Gaga, repeatedly breaking gender and sexual barriers over a marathon career as a writer, performer, free-speech provocateur, and showbiz entrepreneur. Her pioneering playbook for turning scandal into profits remains the gold standard in American pop culture to this day."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film History Milestones - 1997 - Filmsite.org Film History Milestones - 1997 [PAR] Event and Significance [PAR] 1997 [PAR] Marvin the Martian in the Third Dimension (aka Marvin the Martian in 3D), a 12-minute Warner Bros film, opened as a feature of the Warner Bros.' theme park \"Movie World\" in Australia. It was the first computer-animated CG film that was to be viewed with 3-D glasses. It combined the experience of watching a fully CGI film with polarized/anaglyphic glasses. [PAR] 1997 [PAR] James Cameron's Titanic (1997), the most expensive film of all time at the time of its release, also soon became the highest grossing and most successful film of all-time in Hollywood history (at $600.8 million domestic gross box-office receipts, and $1.8 billion total worldwide gross), surpassing the all-time box-office (domestic) record of Star Wars (1977) . (Titanic remained at the top until Cameron's own Avatar (2009) surpassed it 12 years later at $760.5 million (domestic).) It was the first film with a budget of $200 million, and it was the first movie to gross $1 billion (worldwide). When adjusted for inflation, however, Cleopatra (1963) had the highest budget of any film, and Gone with the Wind (1939) remained the highest grossing. [PAR] Delays during production and a budget of $200 million threatened to 'sink' the film, but didn't affect its overall success. Repeated theatrical viewings by young teens (enthralled by the romance between Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet) were partly responsible for the film's high returns. The bulk of the state-of-the-art visual effects (CGI and miniature models) were provided by Cameron's own company, Digital Domain. And the film was backed or co-produced by two studios in order to foot the bill -- Fox and Paramount. [PAR] 1997 [PAR] The blockbuster film Titanic (1997) had a record-tying fourteen nominations and won a record-tying eleven Academy Awards (duplicating the feat of All About Eve (1950) ). That made it the second of only two films to receive 14 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. It was also the second film to win 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture - it tied Ben-Hur (1959) with eleven Oscar wins - the most Oscar wins of any film in Academy Awards history. [ The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) would equal the feat in six years with 11 wins.] [PAR] 1997 [PAR] There were only two instances in which the same movie character was Oscar-nominated within the same film. The first instance was in Titanic (1997), where the character of Rose DeWitt Bukater was played by nominees Gloria Stuart and Kate Winslet. [Note: The second instance was the character of Iris Murdoch in Iris (2001).] [PAR] 1997 [PAR] The 18th official Bond film, Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) was the first film in cinematic history to have the largest product placement deal ever, covering its entire production budget of $110 million. The film was largely marketed through the film's promotional partners. Sponsoring companies included BMW, Ericsson cellphones, Bollinger champagne, Omega watches, Dunhill, Brioni clothing, Avis rental cars, Golden Wonder potato chips, L'Or\u00e9al cosmetics, VISA, and Heineken beer. Some joked that the Bond films had now become the \"Licence to Sell.\" [PAR] 1997 [PAR] The first time product placement appeared in an animated picture was Chanel perfume in Anastasia (1997). [PAR] 1997 [PAR] Due to its opening against James Cameron's blockbuster Titanic (1997), Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) was the first (and only) Pierce Brosnan Bond film to not open as the # 1 film at the box-office. [PAR] 1997 [PAR] Jack Nicholson and Helen Hunt won Best Actor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'The Oscars': John Wayne Wins Best Actor for 'True Grit ... 'The Oscars': John Wayne Wins Best Actor for 'True Grit' in 1970 | AOL.com [PAR] My Queue [PAR] 'The Oscars': John Wayne Wins Best Actor for 'True Grit' in 1970 [PAR] Barbra Streisand presents John Wayne with the Oscar for Best Actor in a Leading Role during the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970. This was the first and only Oscar win for the three-time nominee, who won for his role as eye patch-wearing Rooster Cogburn in 'True Grit.' During his acceptance speech, John Wayne joked that had he known he'd win, he would've put on an eye patch 35 years prior. Watch LIVE OSCAR SUNDAY on ABC. [PAR] Recommended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Casino Royale (1967) - IMDb Casino Royale (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In an early spy spoof, aging Sir James Bond comes out of retirement to take on SMERSH. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 25 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 16 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 05 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 21 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 02 Jul 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Casino Royale \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A SPECTRE agent has stolen two American nuclear warheads, and James Bond must find their targets before they are detonated. [PAR] Director: Irvin Kershner [PAR] A playboy who refuses to give up his hedonistic lifestyle to settle down and marry his true love seeks help from a demented psychoanalyst who is having romantic problems of his own. [PAR] Directors: Clive Donner, Richard Talmadge [PAR] Stars: Peter Sellers, Peter O'Toole, Romy Schneider [PAR] James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. [PAR] Director: Peter R. Hunt [PAR] A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] After the death of M, Sir James Bond is called back out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sense and sensibility screenplay & diaries : bringing ... The Sense and sensibility screenplay & diaries: bringing Jane Austen's novel ... - Emma Thompson, Jane Austen - Google Buku [PAR] 0 Resensi https://books.google.co.id/books/about/The_Sense_and_sensibility_screenplay_dia.html?hl=id&id=E3dZAAAAMAAJ [PAR] Including the complete shooting script, named Best Screenplay of the Year by the Academy Awards, the Golden Globes, the Broadcast Film Critics, the New York Film Critics, the Los Angeles Film Critics, and the Boston Critics, among others. With 91 color and black-and white photographs, full cast and crew credits, and the complete text of Emma Thompson's acceptance speech at the Golden Globes. [PAR] Dari dalam buku [PAR] Apa yang dikatakan orang - Tulis resensi [PAR] Kami tak menemukan resensi di tempat biasanya. [PAR] Isi[DOC] [TLE] Sense and Sensibility | Book Reviews | Books ... Sense and Sensibility | Book Reviews | Books | Spirituality & Practice [PAR] Spirituality & Practice [PAR] Contains the 1995 screenplay of Sense and Sensibility along with diaries written by screenwriter author and actress Emma Thompson during the shooting of the film. [PAR] Book Review by Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat [PAR] Share [PAR] Emma Thompson won an Oscar in 1995 for her screenplay adaptation of Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen. This paperback includes the screenplay, her Golden Globe acceptance speech, her diaries written during the film's production, a full list of cast and crew credits, and more than 50 photos including stills, cast photos, and behind-the-scenes shots. In the introduction, producer Lindsay Doran comments: [PAR] \"Our fondest hope is that people who love Jane Austen will find the film to be faithful to the humour and wisdom of the original novel, but we also hope that the film will be a satisfying and entertaining experience for people who have never read any Jane Austen novels at all, or who have read the novels, but thought they were stupid. If there's just one thirteen-year-old who sees the film and afterwards decides to revise his or her opinion of Jane Austen, that's good enough for me.\" [PAR] Sense and Sensibility was directed by Ang Lee, who proved to have a knack for drawing out all of the subtle and substantial themes in family sagas about love. This paperback has been reissued in order to coincide with the 2007 release of two Jane Austen films: Becoming Jane and The Jane Austen Book Club."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The English Patient (1996) - IMDb The English Patient (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] At the close of WWII, a young nurse tends to a badly-burned plane crash victim. His past is shown in flashbacks, revealing an involvement in a fateful love affair. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 02 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 18 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 13 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 images [PAR] created 06 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 03 Feb 2014 [PAR] Title: The English Patient (1996) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 9 Oscars. Another 49 wins & 66 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A young Shakespeare, out of ideas and short of cash, meets his ideal woman and is inspired to write one of his most famous plays. [PAR] Director: John Madden [PAR] Lt. John Dunbar, exiled to a remote western Civil War outpost, befriends wolves and Indians, making him an intolerable aberration in the military. [PAR] Director: Kevin Costner [PAR] In 20th-century colonial Kenya, a Danish baroness/plantation owner has a passionate love affair with a free-spirited big-game hunter. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] The story of the final Emperor of China. [PAR] Director: Bernardo Bertolucci [PAR] Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. [PAR] Director: Rob Marshall [PAR] Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] An old Jewish woman and her African-American chauffeur in the American South have a relationship that grows and improves over the years. [PAR] Director: Bruce Beresford [PAR] Ted Kramer's wife leaves her husband, allowing for a lost bond to be rediscovered between Ted and his son, Billy. But a heated custody battle ensues over the divorced couple's son, deepening the wounds left by the separation. [PAR] Director: Robert Benton [PAR] Los Angeles citizens with vastly separate lives collide in interweaving stories of race, loss and redemption. [PAR] Director: Paul Haggis [PAR] Two British track athletes, one a determined Jew and the other a devout Christian, compete in the 1924 Olympics. [PAR] Director: Hugh Hudson [PAR] A silent movie star meets a young dancer, but the arrival of talking pictures sends their careers in opposite directions. [PAR] Director: Michel Hazanavicius [PAR] A seventeen-year-old aristocrat falls in love with a kind but poor artist aboard the luxurious, ill-fated R.M.S. Titanic. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] October 1944 in war torn Italy. Hana, a French-Canadian nurse working in a mobile army medical unit, feels like everything she loves in life dies on her. Because of the difficulty traveling and the dangers, especially as the landscape is still heavily booby-trapped with mines, Hana volunteers to stay behind at a church to care solely for a dying semi-amnesiac patient, who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judy Garland - IMDb Judy Garland - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Soundtrack | Actress [PAR] One of the brightest, most tragic movie stars of Hollywood's Golden Era, Judy Garland was a much-loved character whose warmth and spirit, along with her rich and exuberant voice, kept theatre-goers entertained with an array of delightful musicals. She was born Frances Ethel Gumm on 10 June 1922 in Minnesota, the youngest daughter of vaudevillians ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 40 people [PAR] created 04 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 03 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 03 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 people [PAR] created 25 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 29 May 2014 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Judy Garland's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 6 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] A Star Is Born Vicki Lester / Esther Blodgett [PAR] (1954) [PAR] 2015 Tellement Gay! Homosexualit\u00e9 et pop culture (TV Mini-Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Inside (2015) ... (performer: \"Over the Rainbow\") [PAR] 2014 Britain's Most Dangerous Songs: Listen to the Banned (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead\") [PAR] 2014 Somewhere Over the Rainbow (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2014 Dancing in Small Spaces (TV Series short) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Steps (2014) ... (performer: \"I Got Rhythm\") [PAR] 2014 The Lego Movie (performer: \"How Ya Gonna Keep 'Em Down On The Farm\") [PAR] 2013 Six by Sondheim (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"Get Happy\") [PAR] 2013 Mr Selfridge (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Episode #1.3 (2013) ... (performer: \"Under the Bamboo Tree\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2012 Vegas (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Bad Seeds (2012) ... (performer: \"Lucky Day\") [PAR] 2012 Upstairs Downstairs (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Somewhere Over the Rainbow (2012) ... (performer: \"Over the Rainbow\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2011 Mildred Pierce (TV Mini-Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Part Five (2011) ... (performer: \"I'm always chasing rainbows\") [PAR] - Best Band in the Land (2010) ... (performer: \"Over the Rainbow\") [PAR] 2010 A Star Is Born: Special Features (Video) (performer: \"Gotta Have Me Go with You\", \"The Man That Got Away\", \"Lose That Long Face\", \"Here's What I'm Here For\", \"Trinidad Coconut Oil Shampoo\", \"Born in a Trunk\") [PAR] 2009 Doctors (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - O Christmas Tree (2009) ... (performer: \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2009 Johnny Mercer: The Dream's on Me (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe\") [PAR] 2009 Hewy's Animated Movie Reviews (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - 9 (2009) ... (performer: \"Over the Rainbow\") [PAR] 2009/I 9 (performer: \"Over the Rainbow\") [PAR] 2009 Taking Woodstock (performer: \"No Love, No Nothin'\") [PAR] 2009 Hollywood Singing and Dancing: A Musical History - The 1930s: Dancing Away the Great Depression (Video documentary) (performer: \"We're Off to See the Wizard\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2009 Hollywood Singing and Dancing: A Musical History - The 1940s: Stars, Stripes and Singing (Video documentary) (performer: \"The Trolley Song\", \"Hoe Down\", \"Strike Up the Band\", \"How About You?\", \"Look for the Silver Lining\", \"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe\", \"Who?\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Home Is Where You Hang Your Holster"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Caine - Biography - IMDb Michael Caine - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Michael Caine [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 212 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (103) | Personal Quotes (94) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' 1\" (1.85 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Michael Caine was born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite in London, to Ellen Frances Marie (Burchell), a charlady, and Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, a fish-market porter. He left school at 15 and took a series of working-class jobs before joining the British army and serving in Korea during the Korean War, where he saw combat. Upon his return to England he gravitated toward the theater and got a job as an assistant stage manager. He adopted the name of Caine on the advice of his agent, taking it from a marquee that advertised The Caine Mutiny (1954). In the years that followed he worked in more than 100 television dramas, with repertory companies throughout England and eventually in the stage hit, \"The Long and the Short and the Tall.\" Zulu (1964), the 1964 epic retelling of a historic 19th-century battle in South Africa between British soldiers and Zulu warriors, brought Caine to international attention. Instead of being typecast as a low-ranking Cockney soldier, he played a snobbish, aristocratic officer. Although \"Zulu\" was a major success, it was the role of Harry Palmer in The Ipcress File (1965) and the title role in Alfie (1966) that made Caine a star of the first magnitude. He epitomized the new breed of actor in mid-'60s England, the working-class bloke with glasses and a down-home accent. However, after initially starring in some excellent films, particularly in the 1960s, including Gambit (1966), Funeral in Berlin (1966), Play Dirty (1969), Battle of Britain (1969), Too Late the Hero (1970), The Last Valley (1971) and especially Get Carter (1971), he seemed to take on roles in below-average films, simply for the money he could by then command. There were some gems amongst the dross, however. He gave a magnificent performance opposite Sean Connery in The Man Who Would Be King (1975) and turned in a solid one as a German colonel in The Eagle Has Landed (1976). Educating Rita (1983) and Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) (for which he won his first Oscar) were highlights of the 1980s, while more recently Little Voice (1998), The Cider House Rules (1999) (his second Oscar) and Last Orders (2001) have been widely acclaimed. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: frankfob2@yahoo.com [PAR] Michael Caine is an English actor and author. Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent, Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon. [PAR] He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in a number of acclaimed British films, including Zulu (1964), The Ipcress File (1965), Alfie (1966), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, The Italian Job (1969), and Battle of Britain (1969). His most notable roles in the 1970s included Get Carter (1971), The Last Valley (1971), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, The Man Who Would Be King (1975), and A Bridge Too Far (1977). He achieved some of his greatest critical success in the 1980s, with Educating Rita (1983) earning him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. In 1986, he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen's Hannah and Her Sisters (1986). [PAR] Caine played Ebenezer Scrooge in The Muppet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Should Judi Dench keep her 'Shakespeare in Love' Oscar ... Should Judi Dench keep her \u2018Shakespeare in Love\u2019 Oscar? \u2013 EW.com [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Judi Dench\u2019s roughly eight minute performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love was not the briefest to ever win an Academy Award; that record is still held by Beatrice Straight at six minutes for 1976\u2019s Network. But it\u2019s still pretty friggin\u2019 short \u2014 and pretty friggin\u2019 memorable. Dench\u2019s droll, deftly understated take on the monarch sets much of the film\u2019s plot in motion, gives its theatrical climax a pungent grace note, and steals every square inch of the screen for every precious second she\u2019s on it. And yet, when Dame Judi collected her Oscar for the performance, even she felt obliged to note, while regarding her statue, \u201cI feel for eight minutes on the screen, I should only get a little bit of him.\u201d [PAR] Should she have gotten any of him? We\u2019ve been looking back at all the major Oscar categories from 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years ago and asking just that question in our Recall the Gold survey of the entertainment industry. For a decade, the performances of these five best supporting actress nominees \u2014 including Kathy Bates ( Primary Colors ), Brenda Blethyn ( Little Voice ), Rachel Griffiths ( Hilary and Jackie ), and Lynn Redgrave ( Gods and Monsters ) \u2014 have percolated in the popular culture, and now we want to know if you, PopWatchers, think Dench\u2019s still rates as the most Oscar-worthy. [PAR] Ten years ago, her win wasn\u2019t a sure thing. Redgrave had won the Golden Globe for her role as the hilariously no-nonsense maid to Bride of Frankenstein director James Whale (fellow nominee Ian McKellan). Bates had taken home the Screen Actors Guild award for her role as a hilariously take-no-prisoners political operative. Both were far more traditional supporting performances (i.e. they we\u2019re a fair shade longer than eight minutes). Bates\u2019 movie, however, was otherwise seen as a disappointment, and it was released way back in March 1998 \u2014 rarely an Oscar-friendly month. As for Redgrave, perhaps some voters thought Gods and Monsters should be recognized by McKellan\u2019s performance instead (er, whoops ), or by screenwriter Bill Condon\u2019s win for best adapted screenplay. [PAR] Blethyn and Griffiths were caught in a different bind: They arguably gave lead performances against a fellow actress with a far showier role. Blethyn tore into the chance to play an oft-sozzled stage mom to Jane Horrocks\u2019 meek title character; the movie, however, was specifically created to show off Horrocks\u2019 jaw-dropping impersonations of legendary Hollywood singers (Marilyn Monroe, Judy Garland), and Blethyn\u2019s over-the-top scenery chewing may have turned off voters besides. (The film, alas, has also lived up to its title: I can\u2019t even find the trailer on the Web.) Meanwhile, much of Hilary and Jackie, a biopic about sisters and musical rivals Hilary and Jacqueline du Pr\u00e9, is told from Griffiths\u2019 perspective as the older, more ordinary sister Hilary\u2026who is overshadowed by her brilliant, egomaniacal younger sister Jackie, played by (ahem) Best Actress nominee Emily Watson. Though the Griffiths stunning work in the film launched quite the healthy career (HBO\u2019s Six Feet Under, ABC\u2019s Brothers & Sisters), she was, at the time, the designated \u201cnow who is she again?\u201d nominee. [PAR] So, PopWatchers, is there still, in the inimitable words of presenter Robin Williams, nothing like a Dame? Or should another actress have be anointed with Oscar gold? Vote in our poll below; if you need a reminder of the performances, check out the clips after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1990 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1990 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] GoodFellas (1990) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] JEREMY IRONS in \"Reversal of Fortune\", Kevin Costner in \"Dances With Wolves\", Robert De Niro in \"Awakenings\", Gerard Depardieu in \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", Richard Harris in \"The Field\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] KATHY BATES in \"Misery\", Anjelica Huston in \"The Grifters\", Julia Roberts in \"Pretty Woman\", Meryl Streep in \"Postcards from the Edge\", Joanne Woodward in \"Mr. & Mrs. Bridge\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] JOE PESCI in \"GoodFellas\" , Bruce Davison in \"Longtime Companion\", Andy Garcia in \" The Godfather, Part III \", Graham Greene in \"Dances With Wolves\", Al Pacino in \"Dick Tracy\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] WHOOPI GOLDBERG in \"Ghost\", Annette Bening in \"The Grifters\", Lorraine Bracco in \"GoodFellas\" , Diane Ladd in \"Wild at Heart\", Mary McDonnell in \"Dances With Wolves\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] KEVIN COSTNER for \"Dances With Wolves\", Francis Ford Coppola for \" The Godfather, Part III \", Stephen Frears for \"The Grifters\", Barbet Schroeder for \"Reversal of Fortune\", Martin Scorsese for \"GoodFellas\" [PAR] The Best Picture winner, co-producer/director/actor Kevin Costner's three-hour epic and revisionistic western film Dances With Wolves was an anomaly win in Oscar history - it was only the second time that a western genre film won the Best Picture Oscar. [The first Best Picture western film was Cimarron (1930-31), sixty years earlier.] However, some argued that Costner's (another actor-turned-director) romantic-epic film shouldn't have been categorized as a Western. [PAR] Dances With Wolves was honored with twelve nominations and seven Oscar wins - Best Picture (Costner), Best Director (for Costner's directorial debut film), Best Adapted Screenplay (Michael Blake), Best Cinematography (Dean Semler), Best Sound, Best Original Score (John Barry), and Best Film Editing. The pretentious, but visually-impressive film told the saga of a Civil War Union officer, Lt. John W. Dunbar, who became disillusioned, headed west, and eventually found peace away from white civilization with nature and the Lakota Sioux. The film contained long portions of the Sioux-Lakota language and detailed the native American culture. [PAR] The other four Best Picture nominees were: [PAR] director Penny Marshall's psychological drama Awakenings (with three nominations and no wins), a semi-true account of a doctor who 'awakens' catatonic patients with an experimental drug [PAR] director Jerry Zucker's highly-successful, romantic comedy/fantasy Ghost (with five nominations and two wins - Best Supporting Actress and Best Screenplay), about a murder victim who protects his wife through a psychic [PAR] director Francis Ford Coppola's long-awaited gangster epic sequel The Godfather, Part III (with seven nominations and snubbed with no wins, although both previous parts of the saga won Best Picture Oscars - and it was the first of only two trilogies to have all three films nominated for Best Picture) - an extension of the Mafia-tale about an older crime kingpin Michael Corleone (Al Pacino) and his temperamental, trigger-happy nephew (Andy Garcia) and daughter (Sofia Coppola) [PAR] director Martin Scorsese's GoodFellas (with six nominations and one win - Best Supporting Actor), a violent and foul-mouthed adaptation of Nicholas Pileggi's non-fiction book Wiseguy, about thirty years in a contemporary Brooklyn Mafia family and about federally-protected witness Henry Hill [PAR] Two of the directors of Best Picture nominees were not selected as Best Director nominees: Jerry Zucker for Ghost, and female director Penny Marshall for Awakenings. [Marshall's failure to receive a Best Director nomination was interpreted as sexist. Up to this time in Oscar history, only one women had been nominated for Best Director - Lina Wertmuller for Seven Beauties (1976), and female director Randa Haines had been passed over"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Driving Miss Daisy' Wins 4 Oscars, Including One for ... 'Driving Miss Daisy' Wins 4 Oscars, Including One for Jessica Tandy - NYTimes.com [PAR] 'Driving Miss Daisy' Wins 4 Oscars, Including One for Jessica Tandy [PAR] By ROBERT REINHOLD, Special to The New York Times [PAR] Published: March 27, 1990 [PAR] LOS ANGELES, March 26\u2014 ''Driving Miss Daisy,'' a sentimental film about the relationship between an elderly Southern Jewish widow and her black chauffeur, won four Oscars tonight, including best picture of 1989 and best actress, in an Academy Awards presentation that offered many surprises and odd contradictions but few clear clues to trends in film. [PAR] No single film dominated the 62d annual awards, as has often happened in past years. And the film considered one of the heavy favorites to win best picture, ''Born on the Fourth of July,'' the story of a paraplegic Vietnam veteran's passage into the antiwar movement, won only two Oscars, for best director for Oliver Stone and for film editing. [PAR] Bruce Beresford, the director of ''Miss Daisy,'' was not even nominated. But the film gave Jessica Tandy, the 80-year-old stage actress, the chance to win her first Oscar in six decades as a performer. There was also an Oscar for Alfred Uhry for his screenplay for ''Miss Daisy,'' which he adapted from his Pulitzer Prise-winning Off-Broadway play. [PAR] It was also a satisfying night for the makers of ''My Left Foot,'' the wrenching film about the Irish painter and writer Christy Brown, who suffered from cerebral palsy. The award for best actor went to the British actor Daniel Day-Lewis, for his performance as Brown. Brenda Fricker, the Irish actress, won the Oscar for best supporting actress for her portrayal of Brown's mother. [PAR] And there was glory, too, for ''Glory,'' the Civil War epic about a black regiment fighting on the Union side. It won three awards, including best supporting actor for Denzel Washington, his first Oscar. [PAR] It was thus a diffused and surprising evening with no clearly dominant winners. Mr. Day-Lewis, who beat out the early favorite for best actor, Tom Cruise, in ''Born on the Fourth of July,'' used his victory to issue a plea for better treatment of the disabled and acknowledged that some disabled actors resented his taking the role. ''But due to the hypocrisy of financing, this film could never be made with a disabled actor,'' he said backstage after the awards. ''I very selfishly decided to put my name on it.'' [PAR] In accepting, the actor said that when the artist was alive he needed very little encouragement to make his voice heard. ''I'm truly grateful to you for honoring me with this award,'' he said. [PAR] None were more delighted than Richard D. Zanuck and Lili Fini Zanuck, producers of ''Driving Miss Daisy,'' which was rejected by all major studios at first. [PAR] Mis Tandy, the 80-year-old stage actress, had never been nominated for an Oscar before. [PAR] ''I never expected in a million years I'd ever be in this position,'' Miss Tandy said. She was the oldest person ever to win an Oscar. The film, adapted from Alfred Uhry's Pulitzer Prize-winning play, portrayed the slowly evolving relationship between the widow and her black chauffeur, played by Morgan Freeman. [PAR] In accepting, Miss Tandy thanked the Zanucks, the producers of the film, which had repeatedly been rejected by major studios. In an especially pointed mention, she gave special thanks to her director, Bruce Beresford, who was not nominated for best director even though ''Miss Daisy'' received nine nominations, including one for best"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars fast facts - Did you know? Oscars fast facts [PAR] Home \u00bb fastfacts \u00bb Oscars fast facts [PAR] Oscars fast facts [PAR] The shortest Oscar ceremony ever was the first, held in 1929; it lasted only about 15 minutes as all the winners had been announced three months earlier. [PAR] The longest Oscar awards ceremony was in 2000, running for 4 hours and 16 minutes \u2013 beating a previous record by 16 minutes. [PAR] Bob Hope has hosted the Oscars 18 times; Billy Crystal is in second place with 8 times. [PAR] Tom Hanks is the youngest recipient of the Academy\u2019s Lifetime Achievement Award, which he received in 2002 at age 45. [PAR] Kate Winslet received four Oscar nominations before reaching the age of 30. Elizabeth Taylor received four Oscar nominations before reaching the age of 28. [PAR] Gone with the Wind, at 3 hours and 56 minutes, was the longest film to have won a Best Picture Oscar; it was also the first film in color to win Best Picture. [PAR] The 1968 movie, War and Peace, was the longest film (431 minutes) to an Academy Award \u2013 for best Foreign picture. [PAR] Julia Phillips was the first female producer to win Best Picture award, for The Sting (1973). The first female to win the Best Director award was Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2008). [PAR] Henry Fonda was first nominated for a Best Actor Oscar in 1941 for his role in The Grapes of Wrath but had to wait 41 years before he finally achieved a win in 1982 for his role in On Golden Pond. At 76, he is the oldest actor yet to have received the Best Actor award. [PAR] The oldest actress to win an Oscar is Jessica Tandy \u2013 at 81 she won the Best Actress Oscar in 1990 for her performance in Driving Miss Daisy. [PAR] Anthony Quinn\u2019s performance as painter Paul Gaugin in Lust for Life (1956) is the shortest ever to win a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award, his second Oscar. He was on screen for only 8 minutes. (He won a similar award in 1952 playing opposite Marlon Brando in Elia Kazan\u2019s Viva Zapata!) [PAR] The shortest-ever winning performance for Best Supporting Actress belongs to Beatrice Straight, who won an Oscar in 1976 for her 5 minutes 40 seconds appearance as devastated wife Louise Schumacher in Network. Dame Judi Dench won an Oscar in 1998 for less than 8 minutes of screen time playing Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love. [PAR] The shortest-ever Best Actor Oscar-winning performance was awarded to David Niven in 1958, having appeared for only 15 minutes and 38 seconds in Separate Tables. The second-shortest winning appearance was made by Anthony Hopkins in 1992, for less than 16 minutes of screen time as Dr Hannibal \u201cThe Cannibal\u201d Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs. [PAR] In 1948, Jane Wyman won Best Actress award without uttering a word; she played the role of a deaf -mute person in the movie Johnny Belinda. The fewest lines actually spoken by an Oscar-winning actress won Patty Duke a Best Actress in a Supporting Role portraying the deaf and blind Helen Keller in the 1962 film The Miracle Worker. In the role she speaks only one word in the last scene: \u201cWah-wah\u201d (for \u201cwater\u201d). In 1993, Holly Hunter won a Best Actress Oscar for her role as a deaf person in the movie The Piano but she narrated a few scenes and does speak (although her face is covered) in the last scene of the film. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars 2016 predictions: Who's going to win? - CNN.com Oscars 2016 predictions: Who's going to win? - CNN.com [PAR] 1 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'Wings' (1927) \u2013 The first Academy Awards were given out at a dinner on May 16, 1929. The best picture winner was 1927's \"Wings,\" a film about World War I pilots starring Clara Bow, right, Charles \"Buddy\" Rogers, left, Richard Arlen and Gary Cooper. Even today, the silent film's aerial sequences stand out as some of the most exciting ever filmed. Another film, \"Sunrise,\" was given an Oscar as most \"unique and artistic production,\" an honor that was eliminated the next year. The academy didn't begin using a calendar year for awards until movies made in 1934 (with ceremonies held in 1935). [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'The Broadway Melody' (1929) \u2013 The musical \"The Broadway Melody\" was the first sound film to win best picture. The film stars Charles King, Anita Page and Bessie Love. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'All Quiet on the Western Front' (1930) \u2013 \"All Quiet on the Western Front,\" best picture of 1929-30, was the film adaptation of Erich Maria Remarque's classic novel. The film stars Lewis Wolheim and Lew Ayres and was directed by Lewis Milestone. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'Cimarron' (1931) \u2013 \"Cimarron,\" based on the Edna Ferber novel, is best remembered for its portrayal of the 1889 Oklahoma Land Rush, which literally featured a cast of thousands. Richard Dix and Irene Dunne star in the film. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'Grand Hotel' (1932) \u2013 The all-star cast of \"Grand Hotel,\" including Greta Garbo and John Barrymore (pictured), portrayed characters in a mix of plot lines at a Berlin hotel. The film won just the one Oscar, but has been immortalized for one of Garbo's lines of dialogue: \"I want to be alone.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'Cavalcade' (1933) \u2013 \"Cavalcade,\" based on a Noel Coward play, won the 1932-33 prize for best picture. The film follows a London family from 1899 to 1933 and stars, left to right, Una O'Connor, Diana Wynyard and Clive Brook. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'It Happened One Night' (1934) \u2013 \"It Happened One Night\" was one of the great underdog winners. Its studio, Columbia, wasn't considered one of the majors at the time, and neither Clark Gable nor Claudette Colbert, its stars, were excited about the project. But it became the first film to sweep the five major categories of picture, actor, actress, director and screenplay. To this day, only two other films -- \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975) and \"The Silence of the Lambs\" (1991) -- have pulled off the same trick. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'Mutiny on the Bounty' (1935) \u2013 Clark Gable was in the best picture winner the next year as well, playing Fletcher Christian in the 1935 version of \"Mutiny on the Bounty.\" Charles Laughton plays Captain Bligh. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 88 [PAR] Photos: Oscar-winning best pictures [PAR] 'The Great Ziegfeld' (1936) \u2013 Luise Rainer stars in \"The Great Ziegfeld.\" She picked up an Oscar for best actress, though William Powell, who played the title figure, came up empty (although he was nominated for another"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shine (1996) - IMDb Shine (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Pianist David Helfgott, driven by his father and teachers, has a breakdown. Years later he returns to the piano, to popular if not critical acclaim. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.00 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \"No Small Parts\" IMDb Exclusive: 'Manchester by the Sea' Star Casey Affleck [PAR] Ben Affleck 's younger brother Casey Affleck has been nominated for a Golden Globe for his role in critically-acclaimed drama Manchester by the Sea . Take a look at some of his earlier roles. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] Watch the video [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 13 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 14 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 03 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 22 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 16 Oct 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Shine \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 44 wins & 48 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] As a child piano prodigy, David Helfgott 's musical ambitions generate friction with his overbearing father, Peter. When Helfgott travels to London on a musical scholarship, his career as a pianist blossoms. However, the pressures of his newfound fame, coupled with the echoes of his tumultuous childhood, conspire to bring Helfgott's latent schizophrenia boiling to the surface, and he spends years in and out of various mental institutions. Written by Jwelch5742 [PAR] A true story of the mystery of music and the miracle of love See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG-13 for nudity/sensuality and intense thematic elements | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 14 February 1997 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] $162,179 (USA) (22 November 1996) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Based on the life of pianist David Helfgott . See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The length of David Helfgott's cigarette when playing \"Flight of the Bumblebee\" at Moby's. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Cecil Parkes : No one's ever been mad enough to attempt the Rach Three. [PAR] David : Am I mad enough, professor? Am I? [PAR] Himself: hand double for Geoffrey Rush See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] (United States) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] This was a very interesting movie and pleasant surprise, although sometimes that theme of the obsessive parent driving a kid crazy gets overworked. Nonetheless, it's a very well-made movie. [PAR] Geoffrey Rush is fascinating in the lead role as \"David Helfgott.\" However, I would give equal kudos to Noah Taylor, who played Helfgott as a teenager, and to Armin Mueller-Stahl, who was Helfgott's father. They were just as impressive as Rush. [PAR] This is a supposedly true-life story of child prodigy piano player from Australia. As you can imagine, the music in here is excellent. Even better is the cinematography. Wow, this looks and sounds"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BraveHeart \u2013 The 10 historical inaccuracies you need to ... BraveHeart \u2013 The 10 historical inaccuracies you need to know before watching the movie | Hande's Blog [PAR] BraveHeart \u2013 The 10 historical inaccuracies you need to know before watching the movie [PAR] December 5, 2011 [PAR] The 1995 movie, BraveHeart, is a cinematic master-piece. A multiple Oscar winner, an awe-inspiring cinematic portrayal of Scottish freedom fighter William Wallace and his greatest accomplishments. It\u2019s also an extremely historically inaccurate film, but that doesn\u2019t devalue it as a cinematic achievement. Star and director Mel Gibson himself notes that the film is a \u201chistorical fantasy\u201d and shouldn\u2019t be taken as the accurate portrayal of Wallace\u2019s life. [PAR] Here is a list of the most important historical inaccuracies that people should be aware of before watching the movie. This is intended to enhance one\u2019s enjoyment of the film and not berate it and its makers. [PAR] Disclaimer 2015 (due to the huge amounts of traffic to this post and the ridiculous length of the comments section): I am not a historian and have never claimed to be. All the facts on this page are from my personal research done out of curiocity using a variety of sources. Feel free to like and share the blog if you found it an interesting read, but don\u2019t get offended if I don\u2019t reply to your comments since I\u2019ve gotten quite sick of reading the comments section. Also, I\u2019ve removed the whole \u201cfag = cigarette\u201d wordplay from the blog since it seemed to fly over too many peoples\u2019 heads. [PAR] Update (May 2016): Comments have now officially been closed. It\u2019s nice that people find this blog a fun read while others still clearly miss the point which is not to belittle the movie in any way. However, I\u2019m really getting tired of comments popping on this blog which I wrote ages ago, so I\u2019m just doing this to stop it. [PAR] Error #1: William Wallace\u2019s origins [PAR] Although Gibson can be excused on a lot of inaccuracies relating to Wallace\u2019s early life on the basis that his pre-military life and career is not well documented, many historians may take offense to how Wee William is depicted in the film. The movie gives off the image of William being born to poverty and living the simple life of a farmer before being taken under the care of his uncle Argyle, when his father dies fighting the English. [PAR] In actuality, most historians believe Wallace was born to the Scottish aristocracy and was already a knight by the time of the Battle of Stirling (and wasn\u2019t knighted afterwards like the movie suggests). But again, no actual historical texts say one way or another, so Gibson could be just as right as the historians as far as we know. [PAR] As an added side-note: Wallace\u2019s wife was called Marian, not Murron. Gibson changed the name because he wanted to avoid the audience confusing her with Maid Marian from Robin Hood. [PAR] Error #2: Wardrobe incongruities [PAR] There are two major wardrobe related errors in the film. Probably the most discussed and well-known is the portrayal of Scots wearing kilts in the 13th century. In actuality, kilts did not become a popular form of men\u2019s wear until well into the 17th century, which means that the film\u2019s portrayal can be considered grossly inaccurate. However, there might be a legitimate cinematic reason for it which I\u2019ll get to in a bit. [PAR] Another inaccuracy is the fact that the English soldiers are shown wearing uniforms while such was not in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grease 2 (1982) - IMDb Grease 2 (1982) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An English student at a 1960's American high school has to prove himself to the leader of a girls' gang whose members can only date greasers. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 21 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 02 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 19 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Grease 2 \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Return to rockin' Rydell High for a whole new term! It's 1961, two years after the original Grease gang graduated, and there's a new crop of seniors - and new members of the coolest cliques on campus, the Pink Ladies and T-Birds. Michael Carrington is the new kid in school - but he's been branded a brainiac. Can he fix up an old motorcycle, don a leather jacket, avoid a rumble with the leader of the T-Birds, and win the heart of Pink Lady Stephanie Zinone? He's surely going to try! Written by Anonymous [PAR] Grease is still the word! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 11 June 1982 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Son of Grease See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] $4,645,411 (USA) (11 June 1982) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Dolby (35 mm prints)| 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Pamela Adlon was starring the on The Facts of Life (1979) when this movie came out See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Johnny and Stephanie are trying to paddle the raft when Michael shows up. A few seconds later he jumps the pool on his motorcycle and we can see that now Johnny and Stephanie aren't moving at all, and the water is suddenly completely still. On top of that, a second later one of the motorcycle gang jumps his bike into the pool and it's once again calm. Then his buddy also tries to jump the pool right after him and the water is still somehow flat as a pancake when he hits it. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Sharon : Personally, I think that-... [PAR] T-Birds: [in unison] We don't care, Sharon! [PAR] (NYC) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] I used to work in a record store in the late 80s/early 90s, and one thing we sold a copy of at least every week was the Grease 2 soundtrack. I used to ask the people buying about it, and they all acknowledged that it was one of the worst movies, but that there is something about it so lovable, and that the songs are terrible, but there's something about them so charming Now that I've seen the movie, I know what they mean. [PAR] This movie is appalling in nearly every respect, but there's just something about it--perhaps how brazenly appalling it is--that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chaplin (1992) - IMDb Chaplin (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A film about the troubled and controversial life of the master comedy filmmaker Charles Chaplin . [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 11 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 28 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 07 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 03 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Chaplin \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 3 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The biography of Charlie Chaplin, filmmaker extraordinaire. From his formative years in England to his highest successes in America, Charlie's life, work, and loves are followed. While his screen characters were extremely hilarious, the man behind \"The Little Tramp\" was constantly haunted by a sense of loss. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> [PAR] He made the whole world laugh and cry. He will again. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG-13 for nudity and language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 8 January 1993 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] In real life, Charles Chaplin 's eyes were reportedly very strikingly blue by those who knew him, but in the movie Robert Downey Jr. 's are a darker; medium brown/green. (They look dark brown at first glance, but the brighter lighting of his face in \"Restoration\" reveals a much lighter honey/syrup colour with hints of green.) See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] During Chaplin's 1921 trip to Great Britain, he rides a Southern Railway train, which pulls into St. Pancras Station. Southern Railway didn't exist until 1923. St. Pancras Station was owned by the Midland Railway, which became the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [first lines] [PAR] George Hayden : Ha ha ha ha ha. Come on Charlie stop messing about, we really have to get down to it now. I just hope our friendship survives the day, that's all. [PAR] Charlie Chaplin : Ha George, don't be so melodramatic. [PAR] George Hayden : Well, it's your autobiography Charlie. And as your editor I have to tell you that parts of the manuscript are pretty vague, to say the least. I mean for instance, your mother. Now when did she first lose control? We need to know those facts. [PAR] Charlie Chaplin : It's hard to say. She could be so wonderful, on good days... [PAR] Fantastic Performance By Downey As Chaplin [PAR] 24 April 2006 | by ccthemovieman-1 [PAR] (United States) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Wow, this is one of the finest acting jobs I have seen as Robert Downey Jr. portrays the famous Charlie Chaplin. His performance includes some of Chaplin's famous slapstick moves and Downey is tremendous at executing them. [PAR] To the film's credit ,it does show both the good and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Natalie Wood - IMDb Natalie Wood - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actress | Soundtrack | Music Department [PAR] Natalie Wood was born on July 20, 1938, in San Francisco, California, as Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko. Her parents, Maria Stepanovna (Zudilova) and Nikolai Stepanovich Zakharenko, were Russian-born \u00e9migr\u00e9s, of Ukrainian and Russian descent, who spoke barely comprehensible English; they changed the family name to Gurdin after becoming US citizens.... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 32 people [PAR] created 23 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 people [PAR] created 04 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 29 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 23 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Natalie Wood's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 8 wins & 27 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] The Searchers Debbie Edwards - Age 15 [PAR] (1956) [PAR] 1979 Hart to Hart (TV Series) [PAR] Movie Star [PAR] 1979 The Cracker Factory (TV Movie) [PAR] Cassie Barrett [PAR] Girl in the Bubble Bath / Cruise Ship Passenger [PAR] - The Cage (1978) ... Girl in the Bubble Bath [PAR] 1973 The Affair (TV Movie) [PAR] Courtney Patterson [PAR] 1954-1957 Studio 57 (TV Series) [PAR] Sheila Mason [PAR] 1955-1956 Kings Row (TV Series) [PAR] Renee Gyllinson [PAR] 1955 Four Star Playhouse (TV Series) [PAR] Louise [PAR] 1954 Public Defender (TV Series) [PAR] Renee Marchand [PAR] 1954 The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse (TV Series) [PAR] Monica [PAR] 2010/I White Snow (writer: \"Number Ones\") [PAR] 1973 The Affair (TV Movie) (performer: \"I Can't See You Anymore\") [PAR] 1966 Penelope (performer: \"The Sun Is Gray\") [PAR] 1965 Inside Daisy Clover (performer: \"You're Gonna Hear from Me\", \"The Circus Is a Wacky World\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1965 The Great Race (performer: \"The Sweetheart Tree\") [PAR] 1962 Gypsy (performer: \"Little Lamb\" (1959), \"If Momma Was Married\" (1959), \"Let Me Entertain You\" (1959), \"Together, Wherever We Go\" (1959) - uncredited) [PAR] 1961 West Side Story (performer: \"Maria\" (1957) (1957), \"Tonight\" (1957), \"I Feel Pretty\" (1957), \"One Hand, One Heart\" (1957), \"Quintet\" (1957), \"Somewhere\" (1957), \"A Boy Like That/I Have a Love\" (1957), \"Somewhere\" (reprise) (1957) - uncredited) [PAR] - Pat Suzuki and Natalie Wood (1958) ... (performer: \"Them There Eyes\" - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1973 The Affair (TV Movie) (musician: title song) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1969 Downhill Racer (production assistant - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1989 Dieter & Andreas (Short) (grateful acknowledgment) [PAR] 1983 Brainstorm (dedicatee - as Natalie) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1978-1980 Good Morning America (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 1979 The 51st Annual Academy Awards (TV Special documentary) [PAR] Herself - Co-Presenter: Best Foreign Language Film [PAR] 1974 ABC Late Night (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 1974 Cinema (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 1974 James Dean Remembered (TV Special documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 1973 V.I.P.-Schaukel (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 1966 Penelope's Fashion Show (Documentary short) [PAR] Herself (uncredited) [PAR] 1966 What's My Line? (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Mystery Guest [PAR] 1957 The 29th Annual Academy Awards (TV Special documentary) [PAR] Herself - Audience Member [PAR] 1956 The Linkletter Show (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 1956 Lux Video Theatre (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Intermission Guest [PAR] Herself - Nominee: Best Actress in a Supporting Role [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2015 Warren Beatty - Mister Hollywood (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2005-2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ABOUT THE PLAYWRIGHTS: JOSEPH AND THE AMAZING TECHNICOLOR ... ABOUT THE PLAYWRIGHTS: JOSEPH AND THE AMAZING TECHNICOLOR DREAMCOAT \u2014 Utah Shakespeare Festival [PAR] ABOUT THE PLAYWRIGHTS: JOSEPH AND THE AMAZING TECHNICOLOR DREAMCOAT [PAR] ABOUT THE PLAYWRIGHTS: JOSEPH AND THE AMAZING TECHNICOLOR DREAMCOAT [PAR] By Lynnette Horner [PAR] Like many musical partnerships, the collaboration of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice brought together the essential elements of musical creation: a passion for their art, astronomical talent, and enough diversity to keep things interesting. Andrew Lloyd Webber attacked his career with a single-minded vision that produced dramatic spectacles such as Cats (1981), Starlight Express (1984), and Phantom of the Opera (1986). Tim Rice, as a modern Renaissance man, has shown an amazing ability to diversify his interests. In addition to collaborating with Lloyd Webber on Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (1968), Jesus Christ Superstar (1971), and Evita (1976), he has been a successful non-fiction writer, publisher, cricket player, pop song writer, radio show host, and collaborator with other music heavyweights such as Alan Menken, Aladdin and Beauty and the Beast, and Elton John, The Lion King. [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber\u2019s biography reads like the reincarnation of historic music geniuses. He was born into a musical family on March 22, 1948, and was raised in South Kensington, England. His father was a professor at the Royal College of Music and taught music theory and composition. His mother, also employed at the Royal College, taught piano and was a singer and violinist. At the age of three, Lloyd Webber was playing the violin; at six, he was composing music, and at nine, he was published in the magazine Music Teacher. [PAR] At the age of seventeen, Lloyd Webber received the following letter from the then twenty one-year-old law student, Tim Rice: \u201cDearest Andrew, I\u2019ve been told you\u2019re looking for a \u201cwith it\u201d writer of lyrics for your songs, and as I\u2019ve been writing pop songs for a while and particularly enjoy writing the lyrics I wonder if you consider it worth your while meeting me. Tim Rice.\u201d [PAR] He obviously did consider it \u201cworth his while\u201d and thus began the collaboration of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber. [PAR] Tim Rice was born November 10, 1944, in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England. He briefly studied law, then ended up working for EMI Records while Lloyd Webber was studying serious music. [PAR] After their meeting in 1965, they began working on their first musical, The Likes of Us, which was never performed. After this time Rice wanted to compose pop songs, but Lloyd Webber, true to his vision, wanted to work on another musical. It was during this impasse that they were contacted by Alan Doggett, the head of music at Colt Court, a small preparatory school in West London. He commissioned them to write an end-of-term religious concert. During the next two months a twenty-minute \u201cpop-cantata\u201d version of Joseph and his colored coat was born. (Today Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat is a two hour stage spectacular.) The play made its debut on March 1, 1968, and its immediate popularity demanded repeat performances in May and November of the same year. With each performance, \u201cJoseph\u201d got bigger and better. An early review notes that Tim Rice sang the part of Pharaoh in several of the early performances. The success of \u201cJoseph\u201d led to a record deal with Decca for an album that was cut in January of 1969. [PAR] Perhaps Lloyd Webber and Rice felt they had really hit on something with their Bible theme and once again raided the Good Book"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head by B.J. Thomas Songfacts Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head by B.J. Thomas Songfacts [PAR] Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head by B.J. Thomas Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote this song for the film Butch Cassidy And The Sundance Kid, starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford. It was the first million-seller for the legendary songwriters. [PAR] Thomas was recording for Scepter Records, which was also home of Dionne Warwick, who recorded many Bacharach/David hits like \"Don't Make Me Over\" and \"I Say A Little Prayer.\" She took a copy of Thomas' song \" Hooked On A Feeling \" to Bacharach, who was working on a score for the film. She convinced him to consider Thomas, and although he was reluctant at first, Burt asked Thomas to sing the main theme: \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head.\" What he didn't tell Thomas was that the song had already been turned down by Bob Dylan and Ray Stevens. [PAR] Thomas was getting over laryngitis when he recorded this. It gave the song a raspy quality that the producers of the movie liked. Eight weeks later, Thomas recorded another version that was released as a single in October 1969. This version, with the famous horn solo added to the end, made #1 in the US the first week of 1970 and stayed there for 4 weeks. Said Thomas, \"I was in the right place at the right time, and probably got their best song ever.\" [PAR] Burt Bacharach (from Record Collector magazine): \"'Raindrops' was done for the score. When you're scoring a motion picture you service the picture and there was that scene with the bicycle. I did keep hearing that title, I must say. That is my title, 'Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head.' Hal tried to change it and come up with another lyric but it never seemed to work as well. I watched the film so much when I was scoring it. It was a convenient way to get B.J. Thomas to sing it because he was in the stable of Scepter at the time. Our first choice was Ray Stevens. They flew Ray out to see the picture and hear the song but he didn't like the picture and he didn't like the song.\" [PAR] This won the Oscar for Best Song From A Motion Picture at the 1970 awards, where Thomas performed it. Bacharach also won for Best Score. [PAR] The single version of this song was edited together from three different studio takes of the song. [PAR] The \"B.J.\" in B.J. Thomas stands for \"Billy Joe.\" Thomas started singing with a church choir in Houston when he was 14. Some of his other hits include: \"Everybody's Out of Town,\" \"I Just Can't Help Believing,\" \"Most of All\" and \"Rock And Roll Lullaby.\" He had some legal trouble with this and his other Scepter Records recordings, and had to sue for the royalties he was owed on these tracks. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Bertrand - Paris, France [PAR] This song is played in Spider-Man 2, right after Peter Parker decides not to be Spider Man anymore. Thankfully, Parker changed his mind and became a valued superhero. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Dawson - Draper, UT [PAR] Something about this song goes well with animated comedies - it has been used in The Simpsons, Family Guy and Futurama. Movies that have used the song include Boys on the Side (1995), Spy Hard (1996), Clockwatchers (1997) and Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002).[DOC] [TLE] Butch Cassidy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LiveLeak.com - \u2018Deer Hunter\u2019 director Michael Cimino dies ... LiveLeak.com - \u2018Deer Hunter\u2019 director Michael Cimino dies at 77 [PAR] Browse Channels [PAR] \u2018Deer Hunter\u2019 director Michael Cimino dies at 77 [PAR] Michael Cimino, the American award-winning filmmaker best known for his Vietnam War classic \u201cThe Deer Hunter,\u201d has died at the age of 77. [PAR] He passed away on Saturday (July 2) at his home in Los Angeles. The cause of his death was not immediately known. [PAR] Cimino won two Academy awards for his 1978 masterpiece \u201cThe Deer Hunter\u201d \u2013 the story of three Pennsylvania steelworkers who go off to fight in the Vietnam War, starring Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken and John Savage. [PAR] But Cimino\u2019s career took a hit just two years later with \u201cHeaven\u2019s Gate,\u201d a Western that went wildly out of budget, was a huge commercial flop and became a cautionary tale for giving directors too much power. [PAR] Michael Cimino: A Filmmaker Who Dared to Dream Big https://t.co/uNqtlp36dv \u2014 Variety (@Variety) July 3, 2016 [PAR] Loading the player ...[DOC] [TLE] Michael Cimino, 'The Deer Hunter' Director, Dead at 77 ... Michael Cimino, 'The Deer Hunter' Director, Dead at 77 - Rolling Stone [PAR] Michael Cimino, 'The Deer Hunter' Director, Dead at 77 [PAR] Michael Cimino, 'The Deer Hunter' Director, Dead at 77 [PAR] Academy Award-winning filmmaker also helmed 'Thunderbolt & Lightfoot' and the divisive epic 'Heaven's Gate' [PAR] Michael Cimino, the Academy Award-winning director and cinematic visionary behind films like 'The Deer Hunter' and 'Heaven's Gate,' died Saturday. Credit: SNAP/REX/Shutterstock [PAR] Michael Cimino, the Academy Award-winning director and cinematic visionary behind films like The Deer Hunter and Heaven's Gate, died Saturday. [PAR] More News [PAR] Steven Soderbergh Cuts 'Heaven's Gate' in Half [PAR] The 'retired' film director posts his own shorter re-edited version of 'Heaven's Gate' on his web site [PAR] Cannes Film Festival director Thierry Fremaux first announced news of Cimino's death, tweeting that Cimino died surrounded by family members. A representative for the director could neither \"confirm nor deny\" whether Cimino had died. No cause of death was provided. Cimino was reportedly 77. [PAR] \"I cannot believe Michael Cimino has passed away too,\" director Edgar Wright tweeted .\"'Thunderbolt & Lightfoot' is one of my favourite films. R.I.P.\" [PAR] After beginning his career in art and advertising, the New York-born Cimino moved quickly into screenwriting in the early Seventies, co-writing the sci-fi epic Silent Running and the Dirty Harry sequel Magnum Force. [PAR] The success of those films allowed Cimino to step behind the camera for this debut feature Thunderbolt & Lightfoot, starring Clint Eastwood and Jeff Bridges. The film became a hit at the box office and provided Cimino an opportunity to have his pick for his next project. He chose the ambitious Vietnam War drama The Deer Hunter. [PAR] The film, the story of the impact the Vietnam War has on a group of Pittsburgh steelworkers, went on to win five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Cimino, on its way toward becoming an American classic. The film was later preserved in the Library of Congress. [PAR] For his next film, Cimino embarked on another mammoth project: Heaven's Gate, a Western epic about a land dispute in Wyoming. Like The Deer Hunter, the film fell behind schedule and over-budget, but unlike Cimino's previous picture, the nearly four-hour Heaven's Gate bombed commercially and critically, becoming among the biggest box office duds in movie history; the film would nearly destroy its studio, United Artists. [PAR] \"Now, I'm of the school that doesn't think that Heaven's Gate needed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rita Hayworth - Biography - IMDb Rita Hayworth - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Rita Hayworth [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 160 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (5) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (92) | Personal Quotes (46) | Salary (7) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Spanish dancer Eduardo Cansino 's daughter Margarita studied dancing beginning in her girlhood. At age 12, the mature-looking Rita joined Eduardo's stage act, in which she was spotted three years later by Fox studio head Winfield R. Sheehan , leading to her first studio contract and film debut at age 16 in Dante's Inferno (1935). Fox dropped her after five small roles, but expert, exploitative promotion by her first husband Edward Judson soon brought Rita a new contract at Columbia Pictures, where studio head Harry Cohn changed her surname to Hayworth and approved raising her hairline by electrolysis. After 13 mainly minor roles, Columbia lent her to Warner Bros. for her first big success, The Strawberry Blonde (1941); her splendid dancing with Fred Astaire in You'll Never Get Rich (1941) made her a star. [PAR] In person Rita was shy, quiet and unassuming; only when the cameras rolled did she turn on the explosive sexual charisma that in Gilda (1946) made her a superstar. To Rita, though, domestic bliss was a more important, if elusive, goal, and in 1949 she interrupted her career for marriage - unfortunately an unhappy one almost from the start - to the playboy Prince Aly Khan . Her films after her divorce from Khan include perhaps her best straight acting performances, Miss Sadie Thompson (1953) and They Came to Cordura (1959). Beginning in 1960 (age 42), early onset of Alzheimer's disease (undiagnosed until 1980) limited Rita's ability. The last few roles in her 60-film career were increasingly small. Almost helpless by 1981, Rita was cared for by her daughter Yasmin Khan until her death at age 68. [PAR] Deep sultry voice [PAR] Trivia (92) [PAR] The annual Rita Hayworth charity gala, managed by daughter Princess Yasmin Khan , raised $1.8 million in 1999 alone for the Alzheimer's Association. [PAR] She appeared in five movies with classic leading actor Glenn Ford : Affair in Trinidad (1952), The Lady in Question (1940), The Loves of Carmen (1948), The Money Trap (1965) and Gilda (1946). [PAR] Ranked #98 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. [October 1997] [PAR] Some legends say the Margarita cocktail was named for her when she was dancing under her real name in a Tijuana, Mexico nightclub. [PAR] Her dancer father, Eduardo Cansino , himself the son of a dancer, came to New York from Spain in 1913 with sister Elisa. [PAR] Mother, showgirl Volga Hayworth (sometimes spelled Haworth), met Eduardo on Broadway in 1916; they married 1917. [PAR] Her first (uncredited) appearance on film was with the dancing Cansino family in a Vitaphone short La Fiesta (1926). [PAR] She appeared four times on the cover of \"Life\" Magazine; 7/15/40, 8/11/41, 1/18/43 and 11/10/47. [PAR] The famous Bob Landry photo of Rita in \"Life\", 11 August 1941, p. 33, made her the number 2 soldier pin-up of World War II. [PAR] Her singing was dubbed by Nan Wynn (1941-1944), Martha Mears (1945), Anita Ellis (1946-1948), and Jo Ann Greer (1952-1957). [PAR] Her own singing voice is heard in the introductions to her songs (otherwise dubbed by Jo Ann Greer ) in Pal Joey (1957). [PAR] Owned the production company \"Hillworth Productions A.G.\" together with her"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 things the film Demolition Man predicted | Pop Verse 10 things the film Demolition Man predicted | Pop Verse [PAR] Home / Comment / 10 things the film Demolition Man predicted [PAR] 10 things the film Demolition Man predicted [PAR] Posted by: Stephen Flockton in Comment , Film August 16, 2013 18 Comments 68,015 Views [PAR] Demolition Man is one of my favourite movies of all time; it\u2019s a super fun, early 90\u2019s action movie that doesn\u2019t take itself too seriously. If you have not seen it, I strongly recommend you seek it out. [PAR] For those of you who don\u2019t know, Demolition Man opens in a post-apocalyptic LA (1996) where gang warfare is the order of the day. Psychotic gang leader Simon Phoenix (Wesley Snipes) has taken a bus load of hostages and the John \u2018Demolition Man\u2019 Spartan (Sylvester Stallone), disobeys orders to take down Phoenix. [PAR] Unfortunately, Spartan is falsely accused of manslaughter for the deaths of the hostages and both Phoenix and Spartan are sent to a \u2018cryo prison\u2019. When Simon Phoenix escapes into a crime free utopian LA in 2032, the police are not prepared to deal with his level of violence. They have no choice but to defrost John Spartan so he can take down Phoenix again. [PAR] Take a look at the trailer and bask in the 90\u2019s awesome! [PAR] Here are the ten things I think Demolition Man predicted about the future: [PAR] 1) Arnie\u2019s political career [PAR] We all laughed in 1993 at the concept of Arnold Schwarzenegger running for any kind of political office, never mind the presidency. But after two terms as the Governor of California it\u2019s not looking so un-likely anymore. Sure he\u2019s getting back into movies now but who\u2019s to say that a 61st amendment allowing foreigners to run for the presidency is out of the question. [PAR] 2) The rise of video calling [PAR] It\u2019s not an early 90\u2019s action movie without some gratuitous nudity, in this case delivered through a video call. It\u2019s an odd sort of video call that starts without you actually having to answer. Sure video calling existed before 1993 but it was not until broadband connections became more prevalent that it existed in the form shown in the movie. You could even argue that Demolition man invented \u2018Sexting\u2019! [PAR] !Warning NSFW! [PAR] 3) Self-driving Cars [PAR] Almost all the cars in the film (with the notable exception of the red oldsmobile) are self-driving. With Google leading the charge on self-driving cars the technology is already here. Google\u2019s latest cars have driven over 300,000 miles without an incident. It won\u2019t be long until they are a common sight on our roads and you saw it on Demolition Man first! [PAR] 4) Taco Bell is winning the franchise wars [PAR] In the film, the only restaurants are Taco Bell. They won the mysterious franchise wars and are the only chain left standing. While Taco Bell have not won the wars yet, they have just come up with the Waffle Taco breakfast. With technology that advanced no other chain can stand before them. [PAR] 5) Wesley Snipes is a hardened criminal [PAR] Okay so he didn\u2019t lead a gang of hardened criminals and murder a school bus full of children, but he did commit some pretty serious tax evasion. He had a prison sentence and everything (admittedly it was not a cryro prision, but still). [PAR] 6) Teleconferences [PAR] That\u2019s right the modern office joy of teleconferences has made it to 2032. For some reason however each of the TV screens has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All That Jazz (1979) - IMDb All That Jazz (1979) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Director/choreographer Bob Fosse tells his own life story as he details the sordid life of Joe Gideon, a womanizing, drug-using dancer. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $5.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 05 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 16 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 24 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Title: All That Jazz (1979) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 6 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Choreographing and picking dancers for his current show whilst editing his feature film about a stand-up comedian is getting to Joe Gideon. Without the chemical substances, he would not have the energy to keep up with his girlfriend, his ex-wife, and his special dancing daughter. They attempt to bring him back from the brink, but it's too late for his exhausted body and stress-ravaged heart. He chain-smokes, uses drugs, sleeps with his dancers and overworks himself into open-heart surgery. Scenes from his past life start to encroach on the present and he becomes increasingly aware of his mortality. Written by Jeremy Perkins {J-26} [PAR] See All (69) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] All that work. All that glitter. All that pain. All that love. All that crazy rhythm. All that jazz. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 20 December 1979 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Hinter dem Rampenlicht See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] One of the first lines in the movie is, \"To be on the high wire is life. The rest is waiting.\" is a slightly changed version of a quotation of the great German racing driver of the 1930s, Rudolf Caracciola, :\"To race is to live. All the rest is simply waiting.\" See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The sweat spot on Audrey's back changes when Joe talks about fidelity and Paul plays the piano. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Crazy Credits [PAR] There are no opening credits, only the company credits and the title, which resembles revolving Broadway lights. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] (las vegas, nv) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Bob Fosse's autobiographical look at his life, with Roy Scheider fabulously standing-in for Fosse as Joe Gideon, pill-popping, womanizing director-choreographer on the verge of collapse in New York City. Fosse paints himself as suspicious, paranoid, driven, indifferent, exhausted and horny. It's more than most of us want to know about the guy, who seems intent on showing us what a creep he is...but a talented creep! It's a film that doesn't particularly look good (it's a gray, chilly movie), but it has amazing musical flourishes and the self-styled bombast is actually rather amusing once you get the idea. Jessica Lange is beautiful in an early role as the Angel of Death"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Evita Movie Review & Film Summary (1997) | Roger Ebert Evita Movie Review & Film Summary (1997) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] \u201cEvita\u201d allows the audience to identify with a heroine who achieves greatness by--well, golly, by being who she is. It celebrates the life of a woman who begins as a quasi-prostitute, marries a powerful man, locks him out of her bedroom, and inspires the idolatry of the masses by spending enormous sums on herself. When she sings: \u201cThey need to adore me--to Christian Dior me,\u201d she's right on the money. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] I begin on this note not to criticize the new musical \u201cEvita\u201d (which I enjoyed very much), but to bring a touch of reality to the character of Eva Peron, who, essentially, was famous because she was so very well-known. Her fame continued after her death, as her skillfully embalmed body went on to a long-running career of its own, displayed before multitudes, spirited to Europe, fought over, prayed over, and finally sealed beneath slabs of steel in an Argentine cemetery. Eva Peron lived only until 33, but she went out with a long curtain call. [PAR] She was not an obvious subject for a musical. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice , who wrote the stage version of \u201cEvita\u201d and whose songs are wall-to-wall in the movie, must have known that; why else did they provide a key character named Che Guevera (onstage) and Che (on screen), to ask embarrassing questions? \u201cYou let down your people, Evita,\u201d he sings. She let down the poor, shirtless ones by providing a glamorous facade for a fascist dictatorship, by salting away charity funds, and by distracting from her husband's tacit protection of Nazi war criminals. [PAR] Why, then, were Webber and Rice so right in choosing Eva Peron as their heroine? My guess is that they perfectly anticipated \u201cEvita's\u201d core audience--affluent, middle-aged and female. The musical celebrates Eva Peron's narcissism, her furs and diamonds, her firm management of her man. Given such enticements, what audience is going to quibble about ideology? For years I have wondered, during \u201cDon't Cry for Me, Argentina,\u201d why we were not to cry. Now I understand: We need not cry because (a) Evita got everything out of life she dreamed of, and (b) Argentina should cry for itself. Even poor Juan Peron should shed a tear or two; he is relegated in the movie to the status of a \u201cwalker,\u201d a presentable man who adorns the arm of a rich and powerful woman as a human fashion accessory. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] All of these thoughts, as I watched Alan Parker's \u201cEvita,\u201d did not in the least prevent me from having a good time. I suspect Parker has as many questions about his heroine as I do, and I am sure that Che (Antonio Banderas) and Juan Peron ( Jonathan Pryce ) do--not to mention Oliver Stone , co-author of the screenplay. Only Evita herself, magnificently embodied by Madonna, rises above the quibbles, as she should; if there is one thing a great Evita should lack, it is any trace of self-doubt. Here we have a celebration of a legendary woman (for those who take the film superficially) and a moral tale of a misspent life (for those who see more clearly). [PAR] Certainly Parker is a good director for this material. He has made more musicals than his contemporaries, not only \u201c Bugsy Malone ,\u201d \u201cFame\u201d and \u201c The Commitments ,\u201d but especially \u201cPink Floyd the Wall,\u201d one of the great modern musicals, where he uses similar images of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - Plot Summary - IMDb The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - Plot Summary - IMDb [PAR] The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) [PAR] Plot Summary [PAR] Showing all 6 plot summaries [PAR] It's the weird and wonderful as newly engaged couple Brad and Janet encounter a problem when their car halts in the rain. They both look for contact, only to find themselves at the castle of Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite. A place to stay is offered, but will Brad and Janet want to remain there? Especially when a large group of Transylvanians dance to the 'Time Warp', Dr. Frank-N-Furter builds his own man and a whole host of participation for the audience to enjoy. [PAR] - Written by simon [PAR] After Janet accepts Brad's marriage proposal, the happy couple drive away from Denton, Ohio, only to get lost in the rain. They stumble upon the castle of Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite who is holding the annual convention of visitors from the planet Transsexual. Frank-N-Furter unveils his creation, a young man named Rocky Horror, who fears the doctor and rejects his sexual advances. When Frank-N-Furter announces that he is returning to the galaxy Transylvania, Riff Raff the butler and Magenta the maid declare that they have plans of their own. (An audience participation film) [PAR] - Written by Rick Gregory <rag.apa@email.apa.org> [PAR] While driving home during a rain filled night, straight-laced lovebirds Brad and Janet, by chance, end up at the castle of one Dr. Frank-N-Furter and his strange and bizarre entourage, and find that he's having a party. This is no ordinary party, no ordinary night. This is the unveiling of the Dr's latest creation: Rocky; A man-made Adonis that will give...absolute pleasure. This is an exceedingly grand visual and musical camp satire of the golden days of the B-movie horror and science-fiction genres. Projected along with a musical soundtrack to give \"audience participation\" a new meaning in dimension, time and space, this shall be a night that both Brad and Janet will remember for a very, very long time in the sexually kinky, rock 'n roll (f)rock-opera world of a gender-bending scientist...and his time warped plans. [PAR] - Written by Cinema_Fan [PAR] Brad and Janet, newly engaged, stumble onto the castle of Dr. Frank-N-Furter during a rainstorm. Taking refuge in the castle, they're present for the doctor's unveiling of his newest creation, Rocky. Over the course of the night, Frank seduces both Brad and Janet, Janet and Rocky become involved biblically, Dr. Everett Scott arrives looking for his son Eddie (whom Frank killed earlier in the film), and it all goes to pot when the guests discover that Frank is actually an alien (a transvestite from the planet Transsexual in the galaxy Transylvania) who's succeeded in creating the Sonic Transducer, \"an audio-vibratory physiomolecular transport device\" capable of \"breaking down solid matter and then projecting it through space and, who knows, perhaps even time itself.\" [PAR] - Written by Leo [PAR] A story of creation, love, hate, adventure, and, most of all, sex; the story begins in Denton, Ohio as Brad Majors and Janet Weiss, after getting engaged (Dammit Janet), travel to see \"the man who began it,\" but wind up at the castle of Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite alien from the planet of Transsexual in the galaxy of Transylvania (Sweet Transvestite). And they meet Riff Raff, Magenta, and Columbia which leads to \"doing the Time Warp again!\" They discover they have been there on a \"special night.\" Frank's creation is to be born! As Rocky has been revealed (Sword"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harpo Marx - Biography - IMDb Harpo Marx - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Harpo Marx [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 51 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (30) | Personal Quotes (11) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 5\u00bd\" (1.66 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] With the big, poofy, curly red hair, a top hat, and a horn, the lovable mute was the favorite of the Marx Brothers. Though chasing woman was a favorite routine of his in the movies, Harpo was a devoted father and husband. He adopted the mute routine in vaudeville and carried it over to the films. Harpo was an accomplished self-taught harpist whose musical numbers would many times bring tears to the eyes of the audience of an otherwise hilarious movie. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: John Nehrenz [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 28 September 1936 - 28 September 1964) (his death) (4 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (2) [PAR] Usually wore a raincoat, beat up top hat and a red wig. Rarely spoke in his roles and never in films with his brothers. He would use pantomime and often had a bike horn to communicate with. He often had a scene where he would play a harp with great skill. [PAR] In the Paramount films, his coat carried an infinite variety of items for whatever need whether it was a blowtorch for lighting cigarettes, a sword and fish for a speak-easy password, a candle burning at both ends, etc. [PAR] Trivia (30) [PAR] Recreated the mirror scene from Duck Soup (1933) in an episode of I Love Lucy (1951). [PAR] When he taught himself to play the harp, he later learned that he played it the wrong way. However, when he became famous and wealthy, he on occasion throughout his career, took harp lessons from various harpists and music teachers in both New York City and Los Angeles to better increase his skill. However, due to his natural born talent, many musicians and music teachers ended up approaching him to learn his method of harp playing. [PAR] Harpo first using the gag of chasing a screaming girl as a quick prank to throw his brother Groucho Marx 's timing off on stage. Groucho wasn't fazed, but Harpo got in trouble when he found out the hard way that the girl had a violent mobster for a boyfriend. He quickly made peace with the man and incorporated the girl chasing for the rest of his career. [PAR] Brother of Groucho Marx , Chico Marx , Zeppo Marx , and Gummo Marx . [PAR] After his death, he was cremated and his ashes were allegedly sprinkled into the sand trap at the seventh hole of the Rancho Mirage golf course in California, USA where he used to play golf on a monthly basis. [PAR] As a child, Harpo was apparently infatuated with music. He rejoiced when his family bought a piano. He then fell into dispair when he found out that they could only afford to let one brother have piano lessons. His brother Chico Marx ended up with the lessons, which he did not take seriously. Harpo, of course, later mastered the harp. [PAR] Harpo officially became a mime after a theater critic noted in 1914 that Harpo was brilliant until his character spoke. From then on, Harpo never spoke while in character. [PAR] Nephew of actor Al Shean . [PAR] Adopted father of Bill Marx , Alexander Marx, Minnie Marx and Jimmy Marx, from his marriage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve Martin - IMDb Steve Martin - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Writer | Actor | Soundtrack [PAR] Steve Martin was born on August 14, 1945 in Waco, Texas, USA as Stephen Glenn Martin to Mary Lee (n\u00e9e Stewart; 1913-2002) and Glenn Vernon Martin (1914-1997), a real estate salesman and aspiring actor. He was raised in Inglewood and Garden Grove in California. In 1960, he got a job at the Magic shop of Disney's Fantasyland, and while there he ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 14 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 47 people [PAR] created 24 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 people [PAR] created 09 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 15 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 48 people [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Steve Martin's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 5 Golden Globes. Another 22 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Fantasia 2000 Himself - Introductory Host [PAR] (1999) [PAR] 2001 The 73rd Annual Academy Awards (TV Special) (special material written by) [PAR] 1999 Bowfinger (written by) [PAR] 1986 Leo & Liz in Beverly Hills (TV Series) (creator - 1986) [PAR] George Burns Comedy Week (TV Series) (story by - 1 episode, 1985) (story - 1 episode, 1985) [PAR] 1998-2013 Saturday Night Live (TV Series) [PAR] Various / Guy / Himself / ... [PAR] 1982 Twilight Theater (TV Movie) [PAR] Various Characters [PAR] Soundtrack (29 credits) [PAR] The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (TV Series) (performer - 3 episodes, 2015 - 2016) (music - 1 episode, 2016) (writer - 1 episode, 2015) [PAR] - Martin Short & Steve Martin/Ruth Negga/Common (2016) ... (performer: \"My Little Buttercup\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Steve Martin & Edie Brickell/Martin Freeman/Bright Star (2016) ... (music: \"Sun's Gonna Shine\") / (performer: \"I Don't Want to Do This Show\") [PAR] - Episode dated 23 April 2013 (2013) ... (performer: \"When You Get to Asheville\") [PAR] - Episode #19.42 (2011) ... (performer: \"Somethin' Stupid\", \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", \"Molly\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Episode #18.36 (2010) ... (performer: \"Dueling Banjos\", \"Rye Whiskey\" (uncredited)) [PAR] - Episode #17.20 (2009) ... (performer: \"Saga of the Old West\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Episode dated 15 November 2001 (2001) ... (performer: \"Foggy Mountain Breakdown\") [PAR] 2012 The Dust Bowl (TV Mini-Series documentary) (arranger: \"Claw Hammer Medley\") / (performer: \"Claw Hammer Medley\") [PAR] 2012 Taken 2 (writer: \"Handyman\") [PAR] Saturday Night Live (TV Series) (performer - 6 episodes, 1976 - 2012) (writer - 3 episodes, 1976 - 2009) [PAR] - Mick Jagger (2012) ... (performer: \"Ruby Tuesday\") [PAR] - Steve Martin/Jason Mraz (2009) ... (performer: \"Late For School\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"Late For School\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Steve Martin/James Taylor (1991) ... (performer: \"Not Going to Phone it in Tonight\") [PAR] The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2012) (writer - 1 episode, 2012) [PAR] - Episode #20.132 (2012) ... (performer: \"Me and Paul Revere\") / (writer: \"King Tut\" (uncredited), \"Me and Paul Revere\") [PAR] 2011 The Big Year (performer: \"Pitkin County Turnaround\") / (writer: \"Pitkin County Turnaround\") [PAR] 2011 Conan (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - The Container Store of My Discontent (2011) ... (performer: \"Dueling Banjos\", \"Jubilation Day\" (uncredited)) [PAR] The Colbert Report (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2011) (writer - 1 episode, 2011) [PAR] - Steve Martin and the Steep Canyon Rangers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music ... Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music Conquered Dublin - NYTimes.com [PAR] Review/Film; How American Soul Music Conquered Dublin [PAR] By JANET MASLIN [PAR] Published: August 14, 1991 [PAR] \"When I was studying, I used to sing hymns,\" the young man whispers in the confessional. \"Now I'm always humming 'When a Man Loves a Woman,' by Marvin Gaye.\" [PAR] \"Percy Sledge,\" the priest corrects him in \"The Commitments,\" Alan Parker's exuberant valentine to American soul music and the impoverished Dublin teen-agers who think of it as magic. That everyone in this film, from the priest to the street kids to the father who never got over Elvis Presley, is totally obsessed with popular music is simply taken for granted. As in his earlier \"Fame,\" Mr. Parker immerses his audience in a world in which popular art amounts to a communal high, a means of achieving identity and a great escape from the abundant problems of everyday life. As in \"Fame,\" he does this with a mixture of annoying glibness and undeniable high-voltage style. [PAR] The sound and the setting have changed, but these two films are at heart very similar. What Mr. Parker has done, in effect, is to remake \"Fame\" in a different language. Once again, a taste for slickness gives his film an air of unreality for all its ostentatious grit, but once again the energy level is so pumped up that it barely matters. \"The Commitments\" finds Mr. Parker again doing what he does expertly: assembling a group of talented newcomers, editing snippets of their exploits into a hyperkinetic jumble, and filling the air with song. [PAR] The song in this case is American soul music of the 1960's, and it took more than a little nerve to devote an entire film to the efforts of an all-white band to master \"In the Midnight Hour\" and \"Mustang Sally.\" Similarly, it's a stretch for this band to call itself the Commitments and claim the status of working-class heroes when they perform this music wearing evening dresses or black tie. (This is because \"all the Motown brothers wore suits,\" as one of the wiser Commitments says. \"You play better in your suit.\") [PAR] Any political earnestness the film may have is limited to its glimpses of north Dublin as a claustrophobic and impoverished but friendly place, and to the speeches made by Jimmy (Robert Arkins), the budding impresario who initially assembles the band. \"You're working-class, right?\" he badgers one new recruit. \"Your music should be about work.\" [PAR] Relying on a cast of vigorous and unfamiliar players (Andrew Strong, the ponytailed lead singer who does an estimable Joe Cocker imitation while performing a daunting array of soul standards, is only 16), Mr. Parker tells the slow but lively story of how the Commitments came together. There is the cute, predictable bad-audition montage; the surprisingly good singer discovered at a wedding; the times when Jimmy practices giving interviews in the shower. (Mr. Parker uses these interviews as bookends for the film, to wryly good effect.) And during all of this, there is music everywhere. Jimmy's family can even be glimpsed doing a jig to traditional Irish music while their errant son interviews potential Commitments in another part of the house. [PAR] Music also permeates all conversations, serving as kind of shorthand through which the characters identify one another as kindred spirits. \"I'm blind without my glasses,\" says one. \"So is Ray Charles,\" another replies. Someone else observes, for no pressing reason, that nothing has been the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Mrs. Doubtfire: Robin Williams, Chris Columbus ... Amazon.com: Mrs. Doubtfire: Robin Williams, Chris Columbus, Fox, 20th_century_fox: Amazon Digital Services LLC [PAR] By Bambi L. Tuckey on July 18, 2015 [PAR] Format: DVD Verified Purchase [PAR] This movie had me laughing so hard I actually got a headache! Robin Williams is beyond funny in it, he'll have you rolling on the floor laughing. Sally Field is brilliant in it, along with Mara Wilson and the other actors. [PAR] It's a great blend of slapstick, comedy, heartfelt moments, touching scenes, and just downright hilarious lines that today are still classics. If this movie doesn't make you laugh, then you have no sense of humor. Period. That is how funny it is. [PAR] Also, the Behind the Seams Edition has TONS of deleted, extended and alternate scenes, along with hilarious outtakes! A couple deleted scenes are hilarious moments where Mrs Doubtfire gets back at the nosy neighbor next door by ruining her garden. [PAR] Another hilarious deleted scene includes her messing up the washer, flooding the floor, while on the phone with Sally Field. There's also a deleted scene of the fight between the two at home after the restaurant scene when Sally Field finds out Doubtfire is really Robin. [PAR] As I stated, if this movie doesn't make you laugh, you got NO sense of humor whatsoever. It is a brilliant film, one of the late Robin William's BEST. [PAR] Comment One person found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again [PAR] By I am nobody are you nobody too? on January 24, 2015 [PAR] Format: Amazon Video Verified Purchase [PAR] I watched this movie so many times when I was younger and loved it immensely now when I revisit it I just want to cry. I miss Robin Williams so much I adore quite a few actors but Robin will never have an equal.On a less depressing note what's not to love about this movie it's not only funny but quite touching and very entertaining. Plus a father has to be pretty freaking determined to see his kids to undergo a whole woman bodysuit plus makeup I've never encountered someone who would go through such great lengths to see his kids(and his wife of course) more frequently having been divorced. It's a beautiful film one of my favorites. I recommend this movie to anyone who has an appreciation of good film. [PAR] Comment 2 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again [PAR] By Amazon Customer on May 1, 2015 [PAR] Format: Blu-ray Verified Purchase [PAR] MRS. DOUBTFIRE [1993/2015] [Blu-ray + Digital HD] Robin Williams is Hilarious! The Film is Fall-Down Funny! [PAR] Comedy superstar Robin Williams is \u201cdownright irresistible\u201d (The Washington Post) as Mrs. Doubtfire, the delightfully doting British housekeeper who\u2019s much more than a woman \u2013 \u201cshe\u201d is actually a well-meaning divorced father in disguise, trying to spend more quality time with his children without his ex-wife Sally Field catching on. [PAR] FILM FACT: 66th Academy Awards\u00c2\u00ae Won for Best Makeup. 51st Golden Globe\u00c2\u00ae Awards Won for Best Picture for Musical/Comedy. Robin Williams Won for Best Actor in a Musical/Comedy. 48th BAFTA Awards Nominated for Best Makeup and Hair. [PAR] Cast: Robin Williams, Sally Field, Lisa Jakub, Matthew Lawrence, Mara Wilson, Pierce Brosnan, Harvey Fierstein, Scott Capurro, Robert Prosky, Polly Holliday,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Real Rhett Butler - The New Yorker The Real Rhett Butler [PAR] The Real Rhett Butler [PAR] The forgotten man behind two of Hollywood\u2019s most enduring classics. [PAR] By [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Victor Fleming (seated second from right) with Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable on the set of \u201cGone with the Wind,\u201d in 1939, the year he also made \u201cThe Wizard of Oz.\u201d Credit Photograph from MGM / Photofest [PAR] Howard Hughes, whose acumen outside certain areas of expertise (aeronautics and the acquisition of beautiful actresses) was rarely sound, once said something intelligent about the relative merits of two movie directors. The remark was delivered in early 1939, when George Cukor had been shooting \u201cGone with the Wind\u201d for about three weeks. An adaptation of Margaret Mitchell\u2019s thousand-page blockbuster novel, from 1936, about the Old South, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, the movie was the largest and most expensive production in Hollywood up to that time, with a huge cast, massive sets (the city of Atlanta was burned down and then rebuilt), and hundreds of unshaven and bandaged extras trudging across the landscape. As half of Hollywood maliciously cheered, the production slipped into disaster. The script could be kindly described as a mess, and the star\u2014Clark Gable\u2014was in turmoil. The initial rushes displeased David O. Selznick, the legendary, manic producer who dominated every aspect of the film, and he suddenly fired Cukor, who, he later said, couldn\u2019t have handled the more spectacular elements of the movie. In Cukor\u2019s place, Selznick hired Victor Fleming, who was then directing the other big picture in town, \u201cThe Wizard of Oz.\u201d Fleming was a vigorous and resourceful man, but few people considered him an artist. The change pleased Gable but distressed the two female leads\u2014the young stage and film actress Vivien Leigh, just arrived from England and not yet a star, and Olivia de Havilland, who was then Howard Hughes\u2019s girlfriend. Both women depended on Cukor, who was known as a \u201cwoman\u2019s director,\u201d and de Havilland brought her troubles to Hughes, who advised: \u201cDon\u2019t worry, everything is going to be all right\u2014with George and Victor, it\u2019s the same talent, only Victor\u2019s is strained through a coarser sieve.\u201d [PAR] Hughes was almost correct. Fleming\u2019s talent was not \u201cthe same\u201d as Cukor\u2019s, yet he was definitely the right man for \u201cGone with the Wind,\u201d and he did inventive and powerful work on \u201cOz.\u201d But in the seventy years since the release of those films, Fleming, whose talent flowed not smoothly or subtly, but roughly, in surges of energy and feeling, has been largely forgotten. The auteur-theory critics who, in the nineteen-sixties and seventies, went wild over Cukor, Hitchcock, Preminger, John Ford, Howard Hawks, Ernst Lubitsch, Josef von Sternberg, Frank Capra, and many other directors of the late silent and early sound periods, ignored Fleming, though he had made a number of entertaining movies in the nineteen-twenties and thirties and his two super-productions of 1939 are very likely the most widely seen movies in American film history\u2014not just good pictures but films that have entered the unconscious of generations of moviegoers. \u201cGone with the Wind,\u201d with its happy plantation slaves\u2014emblems of Noble Toil\u2014posed against reddening skies, has its enraging and embarrassing moments; the racist kitsch is, regrettably, part of the nation\u2019s collective past. What remains remarkably modern in the film is the central combat of wills between Leigh\u2019s Scarlett O\u2019Hara and Gable\u2019s Rhett Butler, each seeking the upper hand in and out of bed. Margaret Mitchell set up the conflict, but it was Fleming who got the two actors to embody it."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CABARET - Theatre in the Park CABARET [PAR] Musicians/Party Guests: Laura Kariuki, Zach Russell, Christine Pascoe [PAR] Sailor/Pary Guest: Lucas Lowry [PAR] Young Boy Soloist: Ethan Wood [PAR] [PAR] SYNOPSIS [PAR] Act I [PAR] At the dawn of the 1930s in Berlin, the Nazi party is growing stronger. The Kit Kat Klub is a seedy cabaret, a place of decadent celebration. The Klub's Master of Ceremonies, or Emcee, together with the cabaret girls and waiters, warm up the audience (\"Willkommen\"). In a train station, Cliff Bradshaw arrives, a young American writer coming to Berlin to work on his new novel. He meets Ernst Ludwig, a German who offers Cliff work and recommends a boardinghouse. At the boardinghouse, Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider offers Cliff a room for one hundred marks; he can only pay fifty. After a brief debate, she relents and lets Cliff live there for fifty marks. Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider observes that she has learned to take whatever life offers (\"So What?\"). [PAR] As Cliff visits the Kit Kat Klub, the Emcee introduces a British singer, Sally, who performs a racy, flirtatious number (\"Don't Tell Mama\"). Afterward, she asks Cliff to recite poetry for her; he recites \"Casey at the Bat\". Cliff offers to take Sally home, but she says that her boyfriend Max, the club's owner, is too jealous. Sally performs her final number at the Kit Kat Club aided by the female ensemble (\"Mein Herr\"). The cabaret ensemble performs a song and dance, calling each other on inter-table phones and inviting each other for dances and drinks (\"The Telephone Song\"). [PAR] The next day, Cliff has just finished giving Ernst an English lesson when Sally arrives. Max has fired her and thrown her out, and now she has no place to live, and so she asks him if she can live in his room. At first he resists, but she convinces him (and Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider) to take her in (\"Perfectly Marvelous\"). The Emcee and two female companions sing a song (\"Two Ladies\") that comments on Cliff and Sally's unusual living conditions. Herr Schultz, an elderly Jewish fruit-shop owner who lives in her boardinghouse, has given Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider a pineapple as a gift (\"It Couldn't Please Me More\"). In the Kit Kat Klub, a young waiter starts to sing a song\u2014a patriotic anthem to the Fatherland that slowly descends into a darker, Nazi-inspired marching song\u2014becoming the strident \"Tomorrow Belongs to Me\". He initially sings a cappella, before the customers and the band join in. (In the 1998 and 2014 revivals, this is replaced by the Emcee playing a recording of a boy soprano) [PAR] Months later, Cliff and Sally are still living together and have fallen in love. Cliff knows that he is in a \"dream,\" but he enjoys living with Sally too much to come to his senses (\"Why Should I Wake Up?\"). Sally reveals that she is pregnant, but she does not know the father and reluctantly decides to get an abortion. Cliff reminds her that it could be his child, and seems to convince her to have the baby. Ernst enters and offers Cliff a job\u2014picking up a suitcase in Paris and delivering it to his \"client\" in Berlin\u2014easy money. The Emcee comments on this \"Sitting Pretty\", or (in later versions) \"Money\". [PAR] Meanwhile, Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider has caught one of her boarders, Fr\u00e4ulein Kost, bringing sailors into her room. Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider forbids her from doing it again, but Fr\u00e4ulein Kost threatens to leave. She also mentions that she has seen Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider with Herr Schultz in her room. Herr Schultz saves Fr\u00e4ulein Schneider's reputation by telling"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corn as High as an Elephant\u2019s Eye - The Field Position\u00ae Corn as High as an Elephant\u2019s Eye - The Field Position\u00ae [PAR] Corn as High as an Elephant\u2019s Eye [PAR] Posted on July 9, 2012 by: Laura Cunningham, Marketing Coordinator [PAR] \u201cKnee high by the Fourth of July\u201d was an expression used for many years by Midwest farmers, indicating their corn crop was expected to yield well if those \u201cknee-high conditions\u201d existed. These days the lyrics, \u201cThe corn is as high as an elephant\u2019s eye,\u201d from the song Oh, What a Beautiful Morning from the 1943 musical Oklahoma! by Rodgers and Hammerstein , is more accurate. [PAR] This year you could even describe much of the corn crop as \u201chigh as an elephant\u2019s eye and tasseled by the Fourth of July.\u201d But a walk into Latham\u2019s Genetic Garden will show you just how much corn varieties and hybrids have evolved from the 19th Century until now. [PAR] On July 4th we saw corn plants of every size: ankle high, knee high, head high and even some that had tasseled. Temperate teosinte, one of the first ancestors of corn, is about knee high. Wild teosinte is measuring around knee high. Northern flint, a red dent corn is tasseled. Current hybrids like LH 5494 3000 GT are \u201cas high as an elephant\u2019s eye.\u201d This truly shows the evolution of hybrids at Latham Hi-Tech Seeds. [PAR] Many of the varieties aren\u2019t equipped to handle the hot, humid and dry weather we have seen. Because the weather we\u2019ve experienced this growing season is starting to take a toll on the Genetic Garden, we\u2019ve begun to irrigate it. [PAR] Look to TheFieldPosition.com for continued updates on the Genetic Garden . We\u2019d also like to invite you to see it for yourself! Take a walk through our \u201cliving museum of corn\u201d on Saturday, Aug. 25, during the Latham Country Fair in Alexander, Iowa."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Blues Brothers film locations (1980) The Blues Brothers film locations (1980) [PAR] Metra Union Pacific Station: Ogilvie Transportation Center , Madison Street at Canal Street [PAR] Wrigley Field , 1060 West Addison Street (CTA: Addison Station; Red Line) [PAR] Visit: Bangs Lake, at Wauconda [PAR] Los Angeles [PAR] Visit: the Hollywood Palladium, 6215 Sunset Boulevard, Hollywood (tel: 323.962.7600) [PAR] Trivia [PAR] To see more of Chicago on-screen, try Brian De Palma 's The Untouchables , The Fugitive, Martin Scorsese 's The Color of Money or Christopher Nolan \u2019s The Dark Knight [PAR] The Blues Brothers location: the mural on \u2018Ray\u2019s Music Store\u2019: South Prairie Avenue at East 47th Street, Chicago [PAR] The Blues Brothers was filmed, of course, around Chicago \u2013 but there\u2019s also a glimpse of Los Angeles \u2013 as director John Landis deploys his usual breathtaking knack of persuading the authorities to allow him to stage major set pieces in busy public places. [PAR] It\u2019s hard to remember that this enormously overblown and expensive slapstick chase movie started out a box office disappointment, before the terrific soundtrack, the great array of soul stars on display and John Belushi \u2019s charisma bumped it up to major cult status. [PAR] The Blues Brothers location: Jake is released: Joliet Correctional Center, Joliet [PAR] Photograph: Jim Kirkpatrick [PAR] Jake ( Belushi ) is released from the Joliet Correctional Center in Joliet on Highway 53, itself south of Chicago . The prison is also featured in Oliver Stone \u2019s Natural Born Killers, Stir Of Echoes and Derailed and, more recently, Michael Mann 's Public Enemies \u2013 as well as TV\u2019s Prison Break. [PAR] Opened in 1925 to hold 1,500 inmates, two of Stateville\u2019s housing units (one of which is the longest cell house in the world) are now historical sites. It was the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham who came up with the design of the panopticon cell house, known as the round house, which is claimed to be one of the only remaining circular-style cell houses still in use in the US. [PAR] The new Bluesmobile \u2013 picked up by Elwood at a Mount Prospect City police auction \u2013 demonstrates its prowess by leaping across the East 95th Street Bridge over the Calumet River at Calumet Harbor, south Chicago , down near the Indiana border. [PAR] Heading into the city of Chicago itself, the Brothers reluctantly keep a promise to visit the Penguin ( Kathleen Freeman ) at the \u2018Saint Helen of the Blessed Shroud\u2019 orphanage. But it\u2019s not in \u2018Calumet City\u2019. The Penguin\u2019s rather rundown facility was a simply frontage built on West 18th Street at South Normal Avenue, southwest of the city (CTA: Halsted Station; Orange Line) \u2013 although it\u2019s obviously no longer there, the warehouse buildings remain unchanged. [PAR] \u2018Triple Rock Baptist Church\u2019, to which the boys are sent, is the Pilgrim Baptist Church, 9114 South Burley Avenue at East 91st Street, to the south of the city (Metra: 93rd Street (South Chicago) Station). The interior, where Jake sees the light as the Rev Cleophus James ( James Brown ) pumps out The Old Landmark, was \u2013 you'll not be surprised to hear \u2013 recreated on a soundstage at Universal Studios in Los Angeles . [PAR] Off to reform the Blues Brothers band, Jake and Elwood are pulled over by the cops on West Talcott Road at South Cumberland Avenue (near the Nelson Funeral Home, 820 Talcott Road \u2013 which is still in business) in South Park (no, seriously), south of Park Ridge, northwest of Chicago (Metra: Edison Park or Park Ridge; from Chicago Ogilvie Transportation Center)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three Men and a Baby - Rotten Tomatoes: Movies | TV Shows View All Photos (4) [PAR] Movie Info [PAR] Three Men and a Baby is an Americanized remake of the 1985 French comedy hit Three Men and a Cradle. Tom Selleck, Ted Danson and Steve Guttenberg play three upwardly mobile New York bachelors who share an apartment. Their even-keel lifestyle is thrown out of whack when a young woman leaves a baby on their doorstep, suspecting that film director Danson is the father. The balance of the film is devoted to milking as much humor as possible out of the situation of three urbane young men trying to play nursemaid with nary a clue of what they're doing (at one point, a desperate Selleck offers Guttenberg a thousand dollars if Guttenberg will change a diaper). A subplot involving drug dealers is thrown in to sustain audience interest after our trio of heroes become accustomed to a baby around the apartment. \"Urban legend\" aficionados please note: That cardboard cutout of Ted Danson briefly glimpsed in one scene of Three Men and a Baby is not the ghost of a little boy who died in the bachelors' apartment before filming started. [PAR] Rating:"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Funeral Poems - Poems For Funeral - February 21 - Whose ... Funeral Poems - Poems For Funeral - February 21 - Whose Birthday Today? - Poem Hunter [PAR] Funeral Poems - Poems For Funeral - February 21 - Whose Birthday Today? - Poem Hunter [PAR] Funeral Poems - Poems For Funeral - February 21 - Whose Birthday Today? [PAR] Poems about funeral. You can read the best funeral poems. Browse through all funeral poems. [PAR] Funeral Poems: 0 / 100 [PAR] February 21 - Whose Birthday Today? - Poem by Michael Shepherd [PAR] Your browser does not support the audio element. [PAR] Autoplay next poem [PAR] If you saw the film 'Four Weddings and a Funeral' [PAR] you'd have been moved maybe to tears [PAR] by his 'Funeral Blues'; [PAR] If you were a college poetry student [PAR] the day after 9/11 [PAR] you might have had your poet in residence [PAR] read his 'September 1,1939' [PAR] and had your breath taken away [PAR] by its accidental appropriateness [PAR] and the last line, which he wanted to amend, [PAR] 'We must love each other, or die' [PAR] Two poems he himself didn't think quite good enough.. [PAR] this is posthumous fame beyond the control [PAR] of poets; [PAR] this is what poetry can leave to the world; [PAR] this is what poetry is. [PAR] Wystan Hugh Auden would have been 100 today. [PAR] Rest In Poetry. [PAR] Duncan Wyllie [PAR] (2/21/2007 4:45:00 AM) [PAR] A mark of respect and acknowledgement for those that share their fine gifts with the rest of us, This write has alot of feeling contained [PAR] Thankyou Michael [PAR] Not a member No 4 [PAR] (2/21/2007 4:43:00 AM) [PAR] Having only recently been introduced to Auden and specifically Sept 1 1939 as my starting point, and been very moved by it and the rest of his work, I appreciate the importance of this very fine and important tribute and reminder. jim (Report) Reply [PAR] Tara very irritated with PH injustice [PAR] (2/21/2007 4:21:00 AM) [PAR] 'would have been'? Dammit, that is why the postman returned my cake. In seriousness.... top class as ever M. This moved me. t x (Report) Reply"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phil Harris - IMDb Phil Harris - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Music Department [PAR] A bandleader of the 1940s and a radio, film, and TV actor who always seemed to imply allegiance to the former Confederate States of America. Was a principal of long standing among the comedian Jack Benny 's radio retinue, parlaying his popularity into his own radio series, in which his wife, Alice Faye , co-starred. See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 20 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 people [PAR] created 28 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 09 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 images [PAR] created 17 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Phil Harris's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] The Jungle Book 'Baloo' the Bear [PAR] (1967) [PAR] Robin Hood Little John - A Bear [PAR] (1973) [PAR] 1980 The Love Boat (TV Series) [PAR] Harvey Cronkle [PAR] 1978 Fantasy Island (TV Series) [PAR] Will Fields [PAR] 1974 Here's Lucy (TV Series) [PAR] Phil Harris [PAR] 1968 The Lucy Show (TV Series) [PAR] Phil Stanley [PAR] 1967 F Troop (TV Series) [PAR] Flaming Arrow [PAR] 1963-1964 Burke's Law (TV Series) [PAR] Gus Watt / Rip Farley [PAR] 1964 Ben Casey (TV Series) [PAR] Clarence Simmons [PAR] 1960 The Big Sell (TV Movie) [PAR] Salesman [PAR] 1958 Shower of Stars (TV Series) [PAR] Phil [PAR] Drummer in Band at The Boiler (uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2009 The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story (Documentary) (performer: \"I Wanna Be Like You\") [PAR] 2001 Charlotte Gray (performer: \"Black Eyed Susan Brown\") [PAR] 1995 Frank and Ollie (Documentary) (performer: \"Bear Necessities\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1991 Rock-A-Doodle (performer: \"Tyin' Your Shoes\") [PAR] 1991 Kidsongs: Very Silly Songs (Video short) (writer: \"The Thing\") [PAR] 1973 Robin Hood (performer: \"The Phony King of England\" (1972)) [PAR] 1971 The Last Picture Show (performer: \"The Thing\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1970 The AristoCats (performer: \"Thomas O'Malley Cat\", \"Ev'rybody Wants To Be A Cat\") [PAR] The Johnny Cash Show (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 1969) (writer - 1 episode, 1969) [PAR] - Episode #1.15 (1969) ... (performer: \"Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)\", \"That's What I Like About the South\") / (writer: \"That's What I Like About the South\") [PAR] 1968 The Dean Martin Show (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Episode #3.21 (1968) ... (performer: \"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1967 The Jungle Book (performer: \"The Bare Necessities\" (1967), \"I Wanna Be Like You (The Monkey Song)\" (1967) (uncredited), \"The Bare Necessities (Reprise)\" (1967)) [PAR] 1951 Starlift (performer: \"Look Out, Stranger, I'm a Texas Ranger\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"Look Out, Stranger, I'm a Texas Ranger\" - uncredited)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All That Jazz was Bob Fosse\u2019s portrait of the artist as ... All That Jazz was Bob Fosse\u2019s portrait of the artist as total bastard \u00b7 Watch This \u00b7 The A.V. Club [PAR] Every day, WatchThis offers staff recommendations inspired by a new movie coming out that week. This week: With Battle Of The Year 3-D waltzing into theaters, we look back on other movies about dancers. [PAR] All That Jazz (1979) [PAR] Strictly speaking, All That Jazz isn\u2019t about a dancer. Bob Fosse was many things\u2014dancer, choreographer, actor, director, writer, and some might say History\u2019s Greatest Monster for beating out Francis Ford Coppola for Best Director at the 1973 Oscars . And strictly speaking, All That Jazz isn\u2019t technically about Fosse, at least in that the lead character\u2014a similar multi-hyphenate named Joe Gideon played by Roy Scheider\u2014isn\u2019t named \u201cBob Fosse.\u201d But the film \u00e0 clef is, for all intents and purposes, a Fosse biopic written and directed by the man himself. And it\u2019s not a flattering portrait. But it is, in typical Fosse fashion, flashy and stylish, with a hint of the avant garde. [PAR] Scheider plays Gideon as a womanizing, speed-addled, chain-smoking workaholic, the kind of bastard who recognizes what a bastard he is, but doesn\u2019t let his guilt force him into changing his ways. Anchoring the film are two elements: repeated short scenes of Gideon\u2019s morning routine (Alka Seltzer, eye drops, dexedrine, shower, Vivaldi\u2019s \u201c Concerto In G Major, \u201d and \u201cIt\u2019s showtime, folks!\u201d to himself in the mirror); and dreamlike scenes where Gideon converses with a mysterious woman in white (Jessica Lange) about his life. In one, she asks, \u201cFamily?\u201d \u201cScrewed up,\u201d he replies. \u201cWork?\u201d \u201cAll there is.\u201d [PAR] As the film progresses, those scenes help elucidate Gideon\u2019s deterioration, from his worsening cough to his interactions with Lange\u2019s unnamed character (listed as \u201cAngelique\u201d in the credits), whose identity becomes clear. The primary plot of the film follows Gideon as he works on two high-profile projects: a new Broadway musical about flight attendants and a stand-up film about a comedian played by Cliff Gorman (likely reflecting Lenny, the Lenny Bruce biopic Fosse directed). Neither is going well; the film is way overdue and over-budget, and the musical isn\u2019t coming together like Gideon wants. His personal life is going no better as he cheats on his girlfriend and fails his daughter. [PAR] All That Jazz has been appropriately described as a song-and-dance film that people who don\u2019t like musicals can enjoy; there isn\u2019t that much singing and dancing, and the other parts easily stand on their own thanks to the engrossing drama that unfolds. A lot of the credit goes to the incredible Scheider, who was neither Fosse\u2019s nor the studio\u2019s first choice. Richard Dreyfuss was originally cast\u2014the studio wanted a big name to anchor this risky film, and he had just won an Oscar for The Goodbye Girl\u2014but he didn\u2019t like the film or Fosse. Scheider had a reputation that was the opposite of Fosse\u2019s\u2014whom Scheider described as \u201c a guy who overdid everything \u201d\u2014but had a history in the theater. As the actor tells it, he met Fosse at an office in the Brill Building and told him about every terrible play he\u2019d ever done. That won Fosse over, so they spent the week reading the script every night at his apartment until Fosse felt like Scheider was the right choice. He was, though Dustin Hoffman beat him for Best Actor at the Oscars that year. [PAR] The drama of Gideon\u2019s life may take precedence, but the song-and-dance scenes are pretty great, particularly the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Macaulay Culkin [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 66 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (38) | Personal Quotes (13) | Salary (7) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Macaulay Carson Culkin, one of the most famous American child stars, was born on August 26, 1980 in New York City, New York, USA, as the third of seven children of his father Christopher Culkin (a former stage and child actor and also Macaulay's former manager) and mother Patricia Brentrup . He is the brother of Shane Culkin , Dakota Culkin , Kieran Culkin , Quinn Culkin , Christian Culkin , and Rory Culkin , most of whom have also acted. Macaulay's mother, who is from North Dakota, is of German and Norwegian descent. Macaulay's father, from Manhattan, has Irish, German, English, Swiss-German, and French ancestry. [PAR] \"Mack\", as he's known to his close friends and family, first came into showbiz at the age of 4, appearing in a string of Off-Broadway shows such as the New York City Ballet's The Nutcracker and, by 8 years-old, the films Rocket Gibraltar (1988) and See You in the Morning (1989), which included him in the rare company of kids who have received rave reviews from The New Yorker and The New York Times. [PAR] By the age of 9, the young actor had nearly upstaged star John Candy in Uncle Buck (1989) (his deadpan interrogation of Candy was Buck's funniest scene). Then, in 1990, writer John Hughes turned his finished Home Alone (1990) script over to director Chris Columbus with a suggestion to consider Culkin for the lead. Though Macaulay was the first kid Columbus saw, he was skeptical about having him in the lead and saw over 200 other possible actors and he admitted that no one came as close to being as good as Culkin. By the callback interview, Mack had memorized two scenes, and Columbus was sure he found his \"Kevin McCallister\". The movie grossed more than $285 million in the US alone, becoming one of the highest grossing movies of all time and making Macaulay Culkin one of the biggest movie stars of the time. [PAR] His next big project was My Girl (1991) in which he played \"Thomas J. Sennett\", a boy who seems to be allergic to everything. Despite some controversy over the ending, the film was released anyway and proved to be another hit film for Mack (and featured his very first kiss). In 1992 came Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), which grossed more than $172 million in the US alone. In 1993 came The Good Son (1993), which was the first role to depart from his cute kid comedies. He played a murderous little demon named Henry. He got the role when his powerhouse negotiator/manager/father Kit Culkin said that he would pull Mack out of Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) unless he was given the psychotic boy lead in The Good Son (1993). He was also given a salary of $5 million for the film. [PAR] In 1994, at the age of 14, came a string of duds, The Pagemaster (1994), Getting Even with Dad (1994) and Ri\u00a2hie Ri\u00a2h (1994). He was paid $8 million for the last two, the highest salary ever paid for a child star. Many people believed Mack had lost his touch, though, because he was no longer that cute tiny"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now ... Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now after rage and guilt over family's HIV - Mirror Online [PAR] Celebs [PAR] Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now after rage and guilt over family's HIV [PAR] 20 years ago he thought his life was over after his teacher wife and daughter died from Aids and his son was left infected by HIV [PAR] Share [PAR] Paul Michael Glaser and a rehearsal for his latest version of Fiddler on the Roof (Photo: Pamela Raith) [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] As a hormonal teenager with the world\u2019s biggest crush I spent four years staring at pictures of screen heart-throb Paul Michael Glaser. [PAR] Like millions of fans I watched every episode of 70s US cop show Starsky and Hutch, but my devotion to the dark-haired half of the dreamboat duo knew no bounds\u2026 I even wore a Starsky cardie knitted by my long-suffering mum. [PAR] And, while three decades may have passed, I\u2019m convinced I\u2019ll recognise Paul instantly when he arrives for our interview. [PAR] So who, I wonder, is the ageing hippy with the bushy beard and long greying hair approaching me from across the park? [PAR] Then I notice that distinctive swagger. It\u2019s the gait of a man who should be walking to his red and white striped Ford Torino with a 9mm Smith and Wesson in his ankle holster ready to patrol the streets of California. [PAR] But Paul, now 70, is actually heading to a rehearsal studio in West London to prepare for the lead role in a new stage production of musical Fiddler on the Roof \u2013 hence the beard. [PAR] And as we chat it soon becomes clear that the startling physical transformation of Starsky into Tevye is nothing compared to the changes in his personal and \u00adspiritual life. [PAR] For 20 years ago he thought his life was over after his teacher wife Elizabeth and daughter Ariel died from Aids and his son Jake was left infected by HIV. [PAR] Paul Michael Glaser with his late wife Elizabeth and their daughter Ariel (Photo: Rex) [PAR] [PAR] He says: \u201cI was full of rage, anger and guilt that I couldn\u2019t do anything to stop this. I\u2019d ask, \u2018Why me? Why Me?\u2019 But the only answer to that question was, \u2018Why not me?\u2019 In my darkest moments I \u00adprobably thought about ending it. [PAR] \u201cBut nothing made sense, even that. I liken it to being a soldier in Vietnam. Somehow you put one foot in front of the other and you get through it.\u201d [PAR] Paul and Elizabeth, had been married a year when, in 1981, she was given an HIV infected blood transfusion while giving birth to Ariel. [PAR] She passed the virus on through breast feeding and three years later infected their second child, Jake, in the womb. [PAR] The family only discovered the tragedy when Ariel fell ill with a mystery virus at four and was diagnosed with Aids. [PAR] Paul remained clear but ignorance and fear of Aids then meant even their closest friends cut them off. [PAR] When Ariel died the Glasers bravely decided to go public. Elizabeth wrote a heart-rending book and founded the Paediatric Aids Foundation which has raised millions for research and led to the virtual eradication of mother-to-child HIV infection in the US. [PAR] Princess Diana said Elizabeth\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eileen Brennan, Stalwart of Film and Stage, Dies at 80 ... Eileen Brennan, Stalwart of Film and Stage, Dies at 80 - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Movies |Eileen Brennan, Stalwart of Film and Stage, Dies at 80 [PAR] Search [PAR] Photo [PAR] Eileen Brennan as Capt. Doreen Lewis in \"Private Benjamin.\" Credit Warner Brothers Pictures, via Associated Press [PAR] Eileen Brennan, a smoky-voiced actress who had worked in show business for more than 20 years before gaining her widest attention as a gleefully tough Army captain in both the film and television versions of \u201cPrivate Benjamin,\u201d died on Sunday at her home in Burbank, Calif. She was 80. [PAR] Her manager, Kim Vasilakis, confirmed the death on Tuesday, saying the cause was bladder cancer. [PAR] Ms. Brennan had had a solid career on the New York stage and in films like \u201cThe Last Picture Show\u201d and \u201cThe Sting\u201d when she was cast for the film \u201cPrivate Benjamin,\u201d a 1980 box-office hit starring Goldie Hawn in the title role. [PAR] Ms. Brennan played Capt. Doreen Lewis, the slow-burning commanding officer of a pampered, privileged young woman who joins the Army and finds that she isn\u2019t anybody\u2019s little princess anymore. The performance brought Ms. Brennan an Academy Award nomination for best supporting actress. She reprised the role in 1981 in a CBS sitcom based on the film, with Lorna Patterson in the Goldie Hawn role. The TV performance brought Ms. Brennan the Emmy Award for best supporting actress in a comedy, variety or music series. [PAR] But she was forced to leave \u201cPrivate Benjamin\u201d when she was hit by a car and critically injured in Venice, Calif. Without her, the series died in 1983. [PAR] While recovering Ms. Brennan became addicted to pain medication and underwent treatment. She later developed breast cancer. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] She returned to television in 1985 in a new sitcom, \u201cOff the Rack,\u201d with Edward Asner, but the show lasted only six episodes. Afterward she made guest appearances on other shows, but she never recaptured the attention she had known in the past \u2014 as the toast of Off Broadway in \u201c Little Mary Sunshine ,\u201d as a film actress in the 1970s, and as an honored comedy star just before her accident. [PAR] Verla Eileen Regina Brennen was born on Sept. 3, 1932, and grew up in Los Angeles, the daughter of a newspaper reporter who also worked in sales and a former actress. Later in life, dealing with her own alcohol dependency, she talked about the alcoholism in her family when she was a child. [PAR] After attending Georgetown University, she studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, performed in summer stock and worked as a singing waitress. [PAR] Her first big role was as the title character in Rick Besoyan\u2019s \u201cLittle Mary Sunshine,\u201d a 1959 parody of operettas that played at the Orpheum Theater. She won an Obie Award for her portrayal of the show\u2019s spunky, fluttery-eyed heroine. A year later she complained to The New York Times that she had been \u201chopelessly typecast as that kookie girl.\u201d [PAR] Photo [PAR] Ms. Brennan in the 1971 film \"The Last Picture Show.\" Credit Columbia Pictures, via Photofest [PAR] Perhaps to prove otherwise, she promptly starred in the national tour of \u201cThe Miracle Worker,\u201d as Helen Keller\u2019s gravely serious teacher, Annie Sullivan. [PAR] In 1963, Ms. Brennan earned positive reviews as Anna in a City Center revival of \u201cThe King and I.\u201d In 1964, she was cast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Don't Cry For Me Argentina: Eva Per\u00f3n graffiti | BA Street Art Don't Cry For Me Argentina: Eva Per\u00f3n graffiti | BA Street Art [PAR] Pin It [PAR] Mar\u00eda Eva Duarte de Per\u00f3n, more commonly known as Evita was born on 7 May 1919, and died of cancer aged 33 on 26 July 1952. We were wondering about the origin of the signature song Don\u2019t Cry For Me Argentina and who was the real Eva Per\u00f3n? [PAR] The song was of course immortalized in the hit musical Evita by Andrew Lloyd Webber (1976), and later turned into the movie starring Madonna and co-written by Alan Parker, Oliver Stone, Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice. Not long after Parker\u2019s movie came out in 1996, Argentine director Juan Carlos Desanzo released his own film biography of Evita called Eva Per\u00f3n: The True Story. The two film portrayals of Eva are so contrasting, it\u2019s as if they depict two different characters. So which version of Evita is the most accurate? [PAR] The song lyrics in Don\u2019t Cry For Me Argentina are openly critical of Eva and her penchant for designer clothes and jewellery with lyrics such as: \u201cAll you will see is a girl you once knew. Although she\u2019s dressed up to the nines. At sixes and sevens with you.\u201d Parker\u2019s production is extremely lavish with Madonna holding the record for the most costume changes in a movie \u2013 an estimated 85 times (including 39 hats, 45 pairs of shoes and 56 pairs of earrings). [PAR] \u2018Glamourous\u2019 [PAR] Another song entitled \u201cThe Money Kept Rolling In (And Out)\u201d refers to Eva\u2019s charitable work and allegations of money laundering, while also implying that she cultivated a glamourous image to impress the poor people of Argentina and to help promote Per\u00f3nism. Another song (\u201cYou Must Love Me\u201d) suggests that it\u2019s only when Eva realises that she\u2019s dying from cancer does she renounce her pursuit of the vice-presidency and realise that Per\u00f3n loves her for herself with the words: \u201cHow can I be of any use to you now?\u201d [PAR] Eva and Juan [PAR] Desanzo\u2019s film, though much lower budget, focuses on Eva\u2019s political career and last years. It portrays her as a brave, charismatic. passionate woman, and a champion of women\u2019s and workers\u2019 rights. The Eva of Desanzo is conscious of her roots, she is a sensitive, tearful woman with a human touch, holding babies and hugging pensioners. The movie was released while Carlos Menem\u2019s government was in power and is perhaps the reason why there is no shortage of Per\u00f3nist propaganda. [PAR] Esther Goris, who plays Eva, gives a rousing speech at a school that includes the frequent use of the words \u2018Peronista\u2019 and \u2018Peronismo\u2019 before she had even met her future husband. There is also a scene when she meets Juan Domingo Per\u00f3n for the first time at Luna Park and flatters him saying that the people call him \u2018Colonel of the people\u2019. [PAR] Clip from Desanzo\u2019s film [PAR] The cast and crew of Parker\u2019s movie faced protests in Argentina upon arrival over fears that the project casting The Queen of Pop in the lead role would tarnish Eva\u2019s image. Madonna\u2019s forays into acting had previously included the abysmal erotic thriller Body of Evidence and Desperately Seeking Susan. Indeed she did seem to be making a mockery of Argentina\u2019s most loved lady and many movie critics panned her performance. Eva Per\u00f3n wasn\u2019t the saint as portrayed by Desanzo, neither was she the star-gazing child who went from slutty gold-digger to talentless actress to wife of the president, as portrayed by Stone and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie Review - - Film: 'A Little Night Music':Bergman ... Movie Review - - Film: 'A Little Night Music':Bergman-Inspired - NYTimes.com [PAR] Film: 'A Little Night Music':Bergman-Inspired [PAR] By VINCENT CANBY [PAR] Published: March 8, 1978 [PAR] INGMAR BERGMAN'S \"Smiles of a Summer Night\" is, next to his film version of \"The Magic Flute,\" the most charming, most buoyant movie he's ever made. \"A Little Night Music,\" the Broadway musical adaptation of the Bergman film, directed by Harold Prince, with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim at his best, sent one out of the theater feeling in top form. [PAR] It's something more than a shock, then, that the film adaptation of the Broadway show not only fails to raise the spirits; it also tramples on them. The more kindly disposed will leave the theater depressed, a lot of others may be in a rage. Though it's possible to fail with intelligence and grace, the movie, which opens today at Columbia 1, pursues disaster in the manner of someone who, with mindless self-confidence, saws off the limb he's sittin on. [PAR] Perhaps the movie's worst sin is to make the critic feel he must play the role of the piously aggrieved scoutmaster, who has to say a lot of boring, obvious things\u2014in this case about the difference between the stage and movies. These are things that Mr. Prince, who also directed the movie, and Hugh Wheeler, who wrote the screenplay from his own Broadway book, certainly know from experience that is more practical than most critics will ever have. The way they have made the movie, it looks like a publicly posted suicide pact. Such a succession of mistakes can't be accidental. [PAR] The Broadway show, like the Bergman film, is a wickedly lyric rondel, a romantic, turn-of-the-century masquerade about three mismatched couples who, in the course of a limpid summer night, on a magnificent country estate, more or less stumble into perfect happiness. [PAR] They are a beautiful, worldly actress of certain years (Elizabeth Taylor), her lover, a foolish hussar (Laurence Guittard), the hussar's jealous wife (Diana Rigg), the wife's school friend (Lesley-Ann Down), whose much older husband (Len Cariou) loves the actress and whose stepson (Christopher Guard) loves his stepmother. [PAR] Looking on are the actress's ancient mother (Hermione Gingold), herself once a famous courtesan, and the actress's daughter (Chloe Franks), plus one lively, pretty maid (Lesley Dunlop), without whom no farce can be complete. [PAR] The sum and substance of the show are not the characters but Mr. Sondheim's music and lyrics. They describe the awful and funny torments of hearts that rule minds of the size and consistency of baby peas. It's not exactly a problem play. It's Mozartean comedy in which stylized settings, costumes and even lighting create a world of sweet timelessness. [PAR] Having elected to transform the Sondheim show into a film, Mr. Prince appears to have made every decision that could sabotage the music and the lyrics. He has cast the film with people who don't sing very well and then staged almost every number in such a way that we can't respond to the lyrics. [PAR] He often photographs the singers in those blandly uninformative close-ups that force us to consider hairlines, necklines and lip-sync techniques. [PAR] Mr. Sondheim's marvelous two-and three-part songs, in which characters, often in different settings, share their sentiments, work on the stage since the characters are enclosed by the same proscenium. In the movie, which is set in elegant but realistic locations, these numbers require all sorts of busy cross-cutting that upstages the music,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Porky's (1981) - IMDb Porky's (1981) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In 1954, a group of Florida high schoolers seek out to help their buddy lose his virginity, which leads them to seek revenge on a sleazy nightclub owner and his redneck sheriff brother for harassing them. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] Blu-ray Review: Black Christmas (1974) Collector\u2019s Edition [PAR] 7 December 2016 11:02 AM, -08:00 | DailyDead [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 22 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 16 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Porky's \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The naughty high schoolers of Angel Beach High now seek revenge on a group of KKK religious fanatics and corrupt politicians who want to shut down their Shakespeare production after they cast a Seminole transfer student in the lead. [PAR] Director: Bob Clark [PAR] As graduation nears for the class of 1955 at Angel Beach High, the gang once again faces off against their old enemy, Porky, who wants them to throw the school's championship basketball game because he's betting on the opposing team. [PAR] Director: James Komack [PAR] At Adams College, a group of bullied outcasts and misfits resolve to fight back for their peace and self-respect. [PAR] Director: Jeff Kanew [PAR] The rising college nerds set out to a convention in Florida, but are not welcomed by the Alpha Beta representatives. [PAR] Director: Joe Roth [PAR] A soon-to-be-married man's friends throw him the ultimate bachelor party. [PAR] Director: Neal Israel [PAR] Three college buddies search for sex in the summer holidays and end up starting a successful whorehouse. [PAR] Director: Brian Trenchard-Smith [PAR] Two high school nerds attempt to create the perfect woman, but she turns out to be more than that. [PAR] Director: John Hughes [PAR] A group of good-hearted but incompetent misfits enter the police academy, but the instructors there are not going to put up with their pranks. [PAR] Director: Hugh Wilson [PAR] A group of Southern California high school students are enjoying their most important subjects: sex, drugs and rock n' roll. [PAR] Director: Amy Heckerling [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] 1954. The sexual hijinks of a group of mid-teen male students of Angel Beach High School in Florida are presented. Their main goal is to lose their collective virginity. In the process, they embark on games of sexual innuendo with their female classmates, as witnessed by the activities of Billy, Tommy and Pee Wee in their secret surveillance. Pee Wee is the most desperate, that desperation which gets him into one predicament"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 60 out of 71 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Funny AND intelligent. [PAR] from Omaha, NE USA [PAR] 11 September 2005 [PAR] There is so much more to this film than Dustin Hoffman running around in a dress trying to act like a woman. Tootsie is one of the most intelligent comedies I've ever seen. It is perfectly cast, well-layered, and full of surprises. [PAR] Dustin Hoffman plays Michael Dorsey. He seems to know everything about acting except how to stay employed as an actor. In an early montage we see him auditioning for numerous plays where he is either too old, too young, too short, simply not the right guy for the part, or in some cases impossible to work with. We also see him trying to teach his craft to some young wannabe actors, and working at a restaurant to pay the bills. After a hilarious argument with his agent, he is simply told \"No one will hire you!\" The very next shot has Hoffman in drag walking down the street to an audition for a soap opera part his friend (Terri Garr) was unable to land. So intent is the chauvinistic director (Coleman) on casting a woman that looks tough enough for the part of a hospital administrator, Hoffman is denied without so much as a reading. He responds with a hilarious tirade that opens the door to his television career. Hoffman lands the part, and is soon winning over fans all over the country. [PAR] While Hoffman finds it wonderful to be working regularly, his personal life is understandably put to the test. He alienates Garr, is constantly made fun of by his roommate (Murray) and falls in love with one of his co-stars (Lange) who of course cannot learn his secret or he's out of a job. Things are further complicated when two older men fall in love with him. It would be pointless to try and describe some of the awkward situations he finds himself in. You must see the movie to experience them for yourself. [PAR] The film is so well-cast it's incredible. There are so many fine actors at work here that it almost becomes a contest of who can steal the scene first. Murray gets his share with his improvised lines. His lamenting of the state of his plays during a party scene will have you howling. The icing on the cake was director Sydney Pollack agreeing to play Hoffman's agent. They only have a few scenes together, but they are the film's best. [PAR] Tootsie is head and shoulders above other films I've seen that deal with men in women's clothing. Mrs. Doubtfire for example was all slapstick without much heart. In the end it tried to redeem itself in that department and just got way too sappy. Tootsie also wisely holds back in the feminism department. Although Hoffman's Dorothy Michaels is clearly a woman who inspires others to stand up for themselves, he is advised to tone it down by Pollack in one scene. Hoffman feels his Dorothy character should be doing specials and giving advice and whatnot, but Pollack reminds him, \"You have NOTHING to say to women, Michael.\" In other words, you're lucky you've gotten away with the stunt up to this point, now you should be looking for a way to get out. [PAR] Overall Tootsie is wonderful experience. It made a fortune when released, and is still very relevant today. Don't miss it! 10 of 10"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] For other uses, see The Pink Panther (disambiguation) . [PAR] The Pink Panther is a series of comedy films featuring the bumbling French police detective Jacques Clouseau that began in 1963 with the release of the film of the same name . The role was originated by, and is most closely associated with, Peter Sellers . Most of the films were directed and co-written by Blake Edwards , with notable theme music composed by Henry Mancini . [PAR] Despite its use in the titles of most of the films of the series, the \"Pink Panther\" is not the Clouseau character, but a large and valuable fictitious diamond of the same name which is the \" MacGuffin \" of the first film in the series. [1] The phrase reappears in the title of the fourth film, The Return of the Pink Panther , in which the theft of the diamond is again the center of the plot; that film also marked the return of Sellers to the role after a gap of ten years, which may have contributed to some confusion between the character and the diamond. The phrase has been used for all the subsequent films in the series, even when the jewel does not figure into the plot (the diamond has only appeared in six of the eleven films in the series). [PAR] The first film in the series had an animated opening sequence, created by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and set to the theme music by Henry Mancini , which featured the Pink Panther character . This character, designed by Hawley Pratt , was subsequently the subject of its own series of animated cartoons \u2013 as well as being featured in the opening of every movie in the Pink Panther film series except A Shot in the Dark and Inspector Clouseau . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 5 External links [PAR] Films and themes [PAR] Although the two most recent Pink Panther films starred Steve Martin , most of the films in the series starred Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau and were directed and co-written by Blake Edwards. The popular jazz-based theme music was composed by Henry Mancini. In addition to the credits sequences, the theme accompanies any suspenseful sequence involving \"the Phantom\" at work on a theft, both in the first and in subsequent films. [PAR] Mancini's other themes for the first film include an Italian-language set-piece called \" Meglio Stasera \" whose purpose seems primarily to introduce young actress Fran Jeffries . Portions of an instrumental version also appear in the film's musical score several times. Other segments include \"Shades of Sennett \", a \" honky tonk \" piano number introducing the film's climactic chase scene through the streets of Rome . Most of the remaining tracks on the soundtrack album are early 1960s orchestral jazz pieces, matching the style of the era. Although variations of the main theme would be reprised for many of the Pink Panther series entries, as well as the cartoon series, Mancini composed a different theme for A Shot in the Dark. [PAR] The Pink Panther of the title is a diamond supposedly containing a flaw which forms the image of a \"leaping panther\", which can be seen if held up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jesus Christ Superstar (1973) - IMDb Jesus Christ Superstar (1973) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Film version of the musical stage play, presenting the last few weeks of Christ's life, told in an anachronistic manner. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 31 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 22 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 14 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Title: Jesus Christ Superstar (1973) [PAR] 7.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Celebrating 40 years since it first opened in London's West End, Andrew Lloyd Webber's new production of Jesus Christ Superstar. [PAR] Director: Laurence Connor [PAR] Claude leaves the family ranch in Oklahoma for New York where he is rapidly indoctrinated into the youth subculture and subsequently drafted. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] An adaption of the musical, in a modern-day song-and-dance recreation of the Gospel of St. Matthew. [PAR] Director: David Greene [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Based on a concept album project written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, and the subsequent long-running Broadway performance, this film tells the story of the final 6 days in the life of Jesus Christ through the troubled eyes of Judas Iscariot. Too often mis-labeled a musical, this film is a \"rock opera.\" There are no spoken lines, everything is sung. Written by Ralf Southard <rps8@psu.edu> [PAR] and now the film... See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 15 August 1973 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] 108 min [PAR] Sound Mix: [PAR] 70 mm 6-Track (Westrex Recording System) (70 mm prints)| Mono (35 mm optical prints)| 4-Track Stereo (35 mm magnetic prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Ted Neeley almost missed out on being cast in Jesus Christ Superstar (1973). After inviting director Norman Jewison to see him in a matinee performance of The Who's Tommy (1975), he was injured during a show just prior to the one Jewison had bought a ticket to see. He recovered in time for the next show. Immediately following this, he drove from Los Angeles to Jewison's hotel in Palm Springs and dressed up as Jesus Christ. (Norman was leaving for Israel soon thereafter, to shoot the movie.) Not only did Jewison accept his explanation and apology, but he also gave him the title role in the film. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] At the end of \"King Herod's Song\", the camera shakes when Herod throws a bagel at Jesus. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Pontius Pilate : [to Jesus after the 39 lashes] You're a fool, Jesus Christ! How can I help you? [PAR] (Orlando) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] I've heard much criticism of this film over many years, and the most annoying criticism is that it didn't have the vitality of the stage productions back \"in the day\". There isn't much"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New York, New York (1977) - Rotten Tomatoes Audience Reviews for New York, New York [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] Did you know that the song \"New York, New York,\" which Frank Sinatra made so famous, was originally written for the 1977 Martin Scorsese film of the same name and first performed in that film? I can't believe it, but I didn't know that. I thought it was a song from the 1940s originally recorded by Sinatra. The song was written by the legendary Broadway team of John Kander and Fred Ebb specifically for Scorsese's film and first sung by Liza Minnelli, who starred in the film opposite Robert de Niro. It's good to get that history finally straight. Now for the movie. It's known as Scorsese's only bomb, with the famous theme song its only redeeming quality. I wouldn't go quite that far. There are things about the film that I find wonderful. But overall, it is a failure. I love what Scorsese tried to do. Fresh from his triumph with \"Taxi Driver\" (1975), Scorsese could easily have gone on auto-pilot, churning out another gritty, masculine, urban neo-noir. Instead he did the complete opposite. He follows \"Taxi Driver\" up with a musical! My God, that is gutsy. I admire the cojones but not the final product. Scorsese stumbled awkwardly through the whole film; almost every scene has a false tone. The editing is atrocious, with every scene twice as long as it should be. The sets are so cheap and fake that at one point Minnelli virtually rips a railing apart with her bare hands. And they didn't cut out that scene! Scorsese surely chose the cheesy sets intentionally. I think he was trying to pay homage to the movies of the 1940s, particularly the female-driven melodramas (so-called \"women's pictures\"), which were always filmed on cheap Hollywood backlots. I absolutely love this idea. But it just does not come off well. The only way this could have worked is if the melodrama had been so captivating that it transported you back to the first time you saw \"Mildred Pierce.\" (I can still remember seeing it for the first time on television as a teenager. Unforgettable.) But Scorsese really fell down on the job when it comes to story development -- always a disaster when you're trying to do melodrama. I really never cared about either of the two main characters. So rather than getting swept up by emotion, I found myself limply watching actors pretend to have feelings. It's actually hard to get through this movie. Its running time is also particularly long. It was a courageously un-hip and un-masculine tribute to old movies, but it just doesn't come together. Save for the title song, which is an old-fashioned masterpiece, \"New York, New York\" is a misfire. [PAR] William Dunmyer [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] This is a Scorsese film that typically gets overlooked, and, while I can see why (to a degree), I think it's actually pretty good, and probably one of his most underrated- and that last little bit is something that needs to change. The film was a departure and an experiment for Marty. It was his follow-up to Taxi Driver, and needless to say, this didn't make the impression left by that one. For this, Scorsese decided to abandon the gritty realism of his previous works and craft a loveletter to his city, big band (and some jazz) music, and the lavishly produced movie musicals of Old Hollywood. It was a noble effort, and no one can deny the fact that this is made with tons"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) - IMDb The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Brady Bunch Movie ( 1995 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] The original '70s T.V. family is now placed in the 1990s, where they're even more square and out of place than ever. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] User Lists [PAR] Related lists from IMDb users [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 01 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 09 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Title: The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) [PAR] 5.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Mike Brady and his wife Carol Brady have just only one week to come up with $20,000 in back taxes or their house is sold and they'll have no choice but to move. And it's up to the Brady kids to secretly raise money and save the homestead before they lose their house to their scheming neighbor Mr. Larry Dittmeyer. Written by Anthony Pereyra <hypersonic91@yahoo.com> [PAR] They're back to save America from the '90s [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG-13 for racy innuendos | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 17 February 1995 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] A Brady csal\u00e1d See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] \u00a3904,340 (UK) (16 June 1995) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The judges at the \"Search for the Stars\" are Davy Jones , Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork - three of the original The Monkees (1966). Michael Nesmith is the only one missing. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Cindy Brady delivers the Dittmeyer's mail, Larry Dittmeyer is running on his treadmill. The Bloody Mary, in the drink holder, has no celery stick in the glass but, in a following close-up, a celery stick appears in the drink from nowhere. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [Mrs. Dittmeyer tucks mail into Greg's pants] [PAR] Mrs. Dena Dittmeyer : My, you've gotten so big. You're almost as big as your daddy. [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Crazy Credits [PAR] During the closing credits, which mimic the television series, Florence Henderson (playing the Grandmother) is seen with a bottle of Wesson Cooking Oil. In the 1980s, Henderson did commercials for Wesson. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] Extremely funny, very clever too [PAR] 11 September 2000 | by Boyo-2 [PAR] \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Out of all the movies that have been made from old TV shows, this is perhaps the best. The plot is as thin as one you see on the show and. The dialogue is killer -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 42nd Street (film) - Wikiquote 42nd Street (film) - Wikiquote [PAR] 42nd Street (film) [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] 42nd Street is a 1933 musical film about a producer who puts on what may be his last Broadway show, and at the last moment must replace the star with a chorus girl. [PAR] Directed by Lloyd Bacon . Written by Rian James and James Seymour , based on the novel by Bradford Ropes . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Julian Marsh[ edit ] [PAR] [to his financiers] You'll get your Pretty Lady. You haven't got anything to worry about. I'm not gonna let you down because I can't afford to. I've given everything I've had to that gulch down there and it's taken all I had to offer. Oh, it paid me, sure, in money I couldn't hang on to - fair-weather friends, women, headlines! Hah! Why even the cops and the newsboys recognize me on sight. 'Marsh, the Magnificent.' 'Marsh the Slave-Driver!' Actors tell ya how Marsh drove 'em and bullied 'em and even tore it out of 'em! And maybe there's a few that'll tell ya how Marsh really made 'em. And they've all got somethin' to show for it - except Marsh. [PAR] Well, this is my last shot! I'll make a few more actors. But this time, I'm gonna sock my money away so hard that they'll have to blast to find enough to buy a newspaper. That's why I'm goin' ahead with Pretty Lady. And Pretty Lady's got to be a hit. It's my last show and it's got to be my best. You're counting on me. Well, I'm counting on Pretty Lady, because it's got to support me for a long time to come. [PAR] All right, now, everybody. Quiet, and listen to me. Tomorrow morning, we're gonna start a show. We're gonna rehearse for five weeks and we're gonna open on scheduled time. [He brandishes his cigarette] - And I mean scheduled time. You're gonna work and sweat and work some more. You're gonna work days and you're gonna work nights. And you're gonna work between time when I think you need it. You're gonna dance until your feet fall off and you're not able to stand up any longer. BUT five weeks from now, we're going to have a show! Now, some of you people have been with me before. You know it's gonna be a tough grind. It's gonna be the toughest five weeks that you ever lived through. Do you all get that? Now anybody who doesn't think he's gonna like it had better quit right now. What do I hear? Nobody? Good. Then that's settled. We start tomorrow morning. [PAR] Sawyer, you listen to me, and you listen hard. Two hundred people, two hundred jobs, two hundred thousand dollars, five weeks of grind and blood and sweat depend upon you. It's the lives of all these people who've worked with you. You've got to go on, and you've got to give and give and give. They've got to like you. Got to. Do you understand? You can't fall down. You can't because your future's in it, my future and everything all of us have is staked on you. All right, now I'm through, but you keep your feet on the ground and your head on those shoulders of yours and go out, and Sawyer, you're going out a youngster but you've got to come back a star!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Professor Henry Higgins (Character) - Quotes Professor Henry Higgins (Character) - Quotes [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins (Character) [PAR] My Fair Lady (1964) [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : She's so deliciously low. So horribly dirty. [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : Eliza, you are to stay here for the next six months learning to speak beautifully, like a lady in a florist's shop. If you work hard and do as you're told, you shall sleep in a proper bedroom, have lots to eat, and money to buy chocolates and go for rides in taxis. But if you are naughty and idle, you shall sleep in the back kitchen amongst the black beetles, and be wolloped by Mrs. Pearce with a broomstick. At the end of six months you will be taken to Buckingham Palace, in a carriage, beautifully dressed. If the king finds out you are not a lady, you will be taken to the Tower of London, where your head will be cut off as a warning to other presumptuous flower girls! But if you are not found out, you shall have a present... of, ah... seven and six to start life with as a lady in a shop. If you refuse this offer, you will be the most ungrateful, wicked girl, and the angels will weep for you. [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : Damn, damn, damn, DAMN! [PAR] [astonished] [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : I've grown accustomed to her face! She almost makes the day begin! I've grown accustomed to the tune that she whistles night and noon. Her smiles, her frowns, her ups, her downs, are second nature to me now, like breathing out and breathing in... I was serenely independent and content before we met! Surely I could always be that way again... And yet... I've grown accustomed to her looks, accustomed to her voice, accustomed... to her... face. [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : Marry Freddy! What an infantile idea, what a heartless, wicked, brainless thing to do. She'll regret it. She'll regret it! It's doomed before they even take the vow. [PAR] [sings] [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : I can see her now, \"Mrs. Freddy Einsford-Hill,\" in a wretched little flat above a store. I can see her now! Not a penny in the till, and a bill-collector beating at the door! She'll try to teach the things *I* taught her... and end up selling flowers instead! Begging for her bread and water! While her husband has his breakfast in bed! In a year or so, when she's prematurely gray, and the blossom in her cheek has turned to chalk, she'll come home, and lo! He'll have upped and run away with a social climbing heiress from New York! Poor Eliza! How simply frightful! How humiliating! How *delightful*! [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : How poignant it will be on that inevitable night, when she shows up on my door in tears and rags! Miserable and lonely, repentant and contrite! Shall I take her in, or hurl her to the wolves? Give her kindness, or the treatment she deserves? Will I take her back, or THROW THE BAGGAGE OUT? Well, I'm a most forgiving man. The sort who never could, ever would, take a position and staunchly never budge. A *most* forgiving man... But, I shall NEVER take her back! If she were crawling on her KNEES! Let her promise to atone, let her shiver, let her moan, I'll slam the door and let the hellcat FREEZE! Marry Freddy! HA! [PAR] [turns to unlock the door, but stops in despair] [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins : But"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Muppet Movie - Muppet Wiki - Wikia The Muppet Movie | Muppet Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Rated [PAR] G [PAR] The Muppet Movie is the first of a series of live-action musical feature films starring the Muppets . The film is a movie-in-a-movie, as we see Kermit the Frog and the rest of the Muppets gathering for the first screening of \"The Muppet Movie.\" Kermit notes to his nephew Robin as the lights dim that the movie is a somewhat fictionalized account of the true story of how the Muppets first got together. [PAR] The movie was a critical and commercial success. In 2009, the film was selected by the U.S. National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] As the story opens, Kermit is enjoying a relaxing afternoon in the swamp, singing a tune and strumming his banjo, when he is approached by an agent who recognizes his talents and encourages Kermit to pursue a career in Hollywood. Inspired by the idea of making millions of people happy, Kermit sets off on his trusty bicycle . Almost immediately, he is pursued by the conniving Doc Hopper ( Charles Durning ), owner of a struggling french-fried frog legs restaurant franchise who has set his sights on Kermit as a potential new mascot. [PAR] Kermit stops at the El Sleezo Cafe , where he meets Fozzie Bear working the place as a stand-up comedian. Kermit invites Fozzie to join him on his quest for stardom, and together they continue on their journey. They make several new friends along the way, including Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem rock band (whom they bring up to speed on current events by giving them a copy of the movie script); Gonzo the traveling plumber and Camilla , his chicken girlfriend; and the inimitable Miss Piggy , who leaps at the chance to accompany the group to Hollywood. [PAR] After Kermit manages to evade Doc Hopper's persuasive tactics a number of times, Doc Hopper responds by capturing Miss Piggy in order to lure Kermit into his clutches. Kermit is very nearly lobotomized by a mad scientist's electronic cerebrectomy device, intended to brainwash him into performing in Doc Hopper's TV commercials, until Miss Piggy, after being insulted by said mad scientist, manages a last-minute rescue with some black belt karate maneuvers. [PAR] Refusing to run from a bully for the rest of his life, Kermit resolves to face Doc Hopper in a showdown. He gives an impassioned plea to allow him and his friends to continue on their way and make their dreams come true. Although the speech falls on deaf ears, Kermit and friends are saved at the last moment by Animal , who has gotten into Dr. Bunsen Honeydew 's growth pills and successfully scares away Hopper and his henchmen. [PAR] Behind the Scenes with the Fan Club [PAR] Big Bird's credit. [PAR] A 1979 Muppet Show Fan Club newsletter (vol. 2, no. 1) featured an article with behind the scenes information about the movie: [PAR] \"The Muppet Movie comes to your neighborhood theaters this summer. If you think it's a film version of The Muppet Show, you're in for a surprise. For one thing, it doesn't take place in the theater. The Muppet Movie is set in the real world -- it's like waiting in line at a gas station and looking up to find Fozzie and Kermit driving the next car over. After you've seen the movie, you'll"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Cable Guy (1996) - IMDb The Cable Guy (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A lonely and disturbed cable guy raised on television just wants a new friend, but his target, a designer, rejects him, with bad consequences. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 18 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 06 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 images [PAR] created 02 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 07 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 04 Feb 2015 [PAR] Title: The Cable Guy (1996) [PAR] 6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A nice-guy cop with dissociative identity disorder must protect a woman on the run from a corrupt ex-boyfriend and his associates. [PAR] Directors: Bobby Farrelly, Peter Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Jim Carrey, Ren\u00e9e Zellweger, Anthony Anderson [PAR] A fast-track lawyer can't lie for 24 hours due to his son's birthday wish after he turns his son down for the last time. [PAR] Director: Tom Shadyac [PAR] Ace Ventura, Pet Detective, returns from a spiritual quest to investigate the disappearance of a rare white bat, the sacred animal of a tribe in Africa. [PAR] Director: Steve Oedekerk [PAR] A goofy detective specializing in animals goes in search of a missing dolphin mascot of a football team. [PAR] Director: Tom Shadyac [PAR] When an affluent couple lose all their money following a series of blunders, they turn to a life of crime to make ends meet. [PAR] Director: Dean Parisot [PAR] Bank clerk Stanley Ipkiss is transformed into a manic superhero when he wears a mysterious mask. [PAR] Director: Chuck Russell [PAR] The cross-country adventures of two good-hearted but incredibly stupid friends. [PAR] Directors: Peter Farrelly, Bobby Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Jim Carrey, Jeff Daniels, Lauren Holly [PAR] A guy who complains about God too often is given almighty powers to teach him how difficult it is to run the world. [PAR] Director: Tom Shadyac [PAR] A guy challenges himself to say \"yes\" to everything for an entire year. [PAR] Director: Peyton Reed [PAR] Male nurse Greg Focker meets his girlfriend's parents before proposing, but her suspicious father is every date's worst nightmare. [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] All hell breaks loose when the Byrnes family meets the Focker family for the first time. [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] The life and career of a legendary comedian, Andy Kaufman . [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Steven Kovak has been kicked out of his apartment by his girlfriend. Steven has a new apartment, and decides to slip the cable guy (Chip) $50 for free cable. Steven then fakes an interest in Chip's line of work. However Chip takes this to heart trying to become Steven's best bud. When Steven no longer wants to be Chips friend the man who can do it all goes on an all out assault to ruin Steven's life. In the backdrop is the delicate sub-plot of the trial of a former kid star for murdering"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Klump Family Dinner - The Nutty Professor (3/12) Movie ... Klump Family Dinner - The Nutty Professor (3/12) Movie CLIP (1996) HD - YouTube [PAR] Klump Family Dinner - The Nutty Professor (3/12) Movie CLIP (1996) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 30, 2011 [PAR] The Nutty Professor movie clips: http://j.mp/1CM1rDK [PAR] BUY THE MOVIE: http://amzn.to/vFPomT [PAR] Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr [PAR] CLIP DESCRIPTION: [PAR] The Klump family eats a hearty dinner as they discuss weight and formerly overweight black celebrities. [PAR] FILM DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Eddie Murphy gives one of Jerry Lewis' best-remembered vehicles a 1990s overhaul in this hit comedy. Sherman Klump (Murphy) is a college professor and respected biochemistry researcher who is kind, considerate, and a genuinely nice guy. Sherman is also appallingly overweight; coupled with the fact that he's painfully shy and a bit clumsy, his romantic prospects are rather bleak. When Sherman finds himself working with a pretty graduate student, Carla Purty (Jada Pinkett), he falls in love and is eager to impress her, but at an upscale nightclub, his weight attracts the attention of an insult comic (Dave Chappelle) and his bumbling spoils the evening. Sherman's latest project is a genetic weight loss formula, and despondent over his failure to win Carla's heart, he subjects himself to a massive dose. Suddenly, Sherman is transformed into the slim, trim, and handsome Buddy Love; however, the drug also boosts his testosterone level, turning the likable Sherman into the arrogant, skirt-chasing Buddy. In addition to playing Sherman and Buddy, Eddie Murphy also plays four other members of the porcine Klump family, as well as eccentric exercise guru Lance Perkins. [PAR] CREDITS:[DOC] [TLE] The Nutty Professor (Film) - TV Tropes The Nutty Professor (Film) - TV Tropes [PAR] The Nutty Professor [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Timeline [PAR] The Nutty Professor is a 1963 comedy, starring Jerry Lewis as an Absent-Minded Professor who, after being bullied and taunted, invents a serum that turns him into an incredibly handsome, strong and popular man named Buddy Love, his new personality gives him the confidence to pursue one of his students, Stella Purdy . [PAR] The film was remade in 1996, starring Eddie Murphy , Jada Pinkett Smith , and Eddie Murphy, and co-starring Eddie Murphy, Eddie Murphy, and Eddie Murphy. The success of the remake led to a sequel, with Janet Jackson amid the various Eddie Murphys. [PAR] These films provide examples of: [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Absent-Minded Professor [PAR] Ascended Extra : Sherman's parents in the remake. The original film, they only appear twice, the first time shown as a henpecked guy and his mercilessly henpecking wife , and the second at the end where they come to sell the serum to all the kids in school. In the remake, they appear far more often, and get along quite well with each other. [PAR] The sequel of the Eddie Murphy version was actually called The Klumps, making Eddie Murphy's scenes with one actress and several of his own characters into the core of the film. [PAR] An Aesop : Be Yourself . Don't try to be someone else to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ... Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up [PAR] Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up [PAR] By David Maraniss and Susan Schmidt [PAR] Washington Post Staff Writers [PAR] Sunday, June 2, 1996; Page A01 [PAR] The First Lady and Whitewater: Who's Who [PAR] JAMES B. McDOUGAL [PAR] Friend of Bill Clinton and gubernatorial aide during Clinton's first term, he was a partner with the Clintons in the Whitewater real estate venture and owned the failed Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan. He was convicted last week on federal fraud and conspiracy charges. [PAR] SUSAN McDOUGAL [PAR] James McDougal's former wife and partner in the Whitewater real estate venture. She was also convicted last week in the Whitewater-related fraud trial. [PAR] RICHARD MASSEY [PAR] Young associate at the Rose Law Firm when Madison Guaranty became a client in 1985. Hillary Rodham Clinton has said Massey played a key role in bringing in Madison as a Rose client, but he does not remember the events in the same way. [PAR] RONALD CLARK [PAR] Current managing partner of the Rose Law Firm. While Hillary Clinton has said Massey asked for her help in getting McDougal to pay his outstanding legal bills in April 1985, Clark maintains that they were already paid by November 1984. [PAR] GARY BUNCH [PAR] Onetime president of Madison Bank & Trust, another McDougal-owned financial entity that owed money to the Rose Law Firm. [PAR] BEVERLY BASSETT SCHAFFER [PAR] A Gov. Bill Clinton appointee to the Arkansas Securities Commission, she took a telephone call from Hillary Clinton in April 1985, six days after McDougal put Rose Law Firm on retainer. [PAR] SETH WARD [PAR] Arkansas businessman hired by McDougal to assist in land acquisition for the Castle Grande project, and Webster Hubbell's father-in-law. Hillary Clinton worked with Ward on certain legal details of the project she knew as IDC. [PAR] WEBSTER L. HUBBELL [PAR] President Clinton's appointee as associate U.S. attorney general and former partner in the Rose firm, he pleaded guilty to defrauding the firm and its clients through false billings. [PAR] JIM GUY TUCKER [PAR] Arkansas governor convicted last week on mail fraud and conspiracy charges linked to the Castle Grande deal. He announced his intention to resign this summer. [PAR] DAVID HALE [PAR] Former Arkansas municipal judge and owner of a small business investment company, he pleaded guilty to defrauding the federal Small Business Administration and was the chief government witness in the trial of the McDougals and Gov. Tucker. [PAR] SAM BRATTON [PAR] An aide to Gov. Clinton who oversaw regulatory issues, he was alerted by Arkansas Securities Commissioner Schaffer that McDougal's S&L was in trouble with federal authorities. [PAR] VINCENT FOSTER [PAR] Former Rose Law Firm partner who went to the Clinton White House as deputy counsel. At Rose, Foster had been billing partner in work the firm did for Madison Bank & Trust. [PAR] CAROLYN HUBER [PAR] Former Rose Law Firm office manager who worked in the White House residence handling the Clintons' personal correspondence. She packed away Hillary Clinton's law firm records in a box of \"knickknacks\" and said she was unaware they were the long-sought Rose billing records. [PAR] DAVID R. GERGEN [PAR] As counselor to the president, Gergen advised the Clintons to share all Whitewater-related documents with The Washington Post in December 1993. In an interview in January, Hillary Clinton suggested that she and the president had done just that with the New York Times during the 1992 campaign, but five days later the White House issued a clarification saying"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In quotes: Margaret Thatcher - BBC News In quotes: Margaret Thatcher - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionMargaret Thatcher in her own words [PAR] Baroness Thatcher was seldom one to hold back her views. Here are some of the things she said - and which were said about her. [PAR] CONVICTION POLITICIAN [PAR] \"I love argument. I love debate. I don't expect anyone just to sit there and agree with me - that's not their job.\" 1980 [PAR] \"I am not a consensus politician. I'm a conviction politician.\" 1979 [PAR] \"I don't mind how much my ministers talk, as long as they do what I say.\" 1980 [PAR] \"Where there is discord, may we bring harmony. Where there is error, may we bring truth. Where there is doubt, may we bring faith. Where there is despair, may we bring hope.\" Quoting St Francis of Assisi, on her 1979 election victory. [PAR] \"To those waiting with bated breath for that favourite media catchphrase, the U-turn, I have only one thing to say. You turn if you want to. The lady's not for turning.\" 10 October 1980, Conservative party conference [PAR] SPEAKING HER MIND [PAR] \"Nobody would remember the Good Samaritan if he had only good intentions. He had money as well.\" 1980 [PAR] \"We had to fight the enemy without in the Falklands. We always have to be aware of the enemy within, which is much more difficult to fight and more dangerous to liberty.\" On the 1984-85 miners' strike [PAR] \"There is no such thing as society. There are individual men and women and there are families.\" 1987 [PAR] WOMAN IN A MAN'S WORLD [PAR] \"No woman in my time will be prime minister or foreign secretary - not the top jobs. Anyway, I wouldn't want to be prime minister. You have to give yourself 100% to the job.\" 1969, in opposition as Conservative MP for Finchley [PAR] \"Any woman who understands the problems of running a home will be nearer to understanding the problems of running a country.\" 1979, the year she became prime minister [PAR] \"We have become a grandmother.\" On the birth of her first grandchild, 1989 [PAR] ON EUROPE [PAR] \"We are not asking for a penny piece of Community money for Britain. What we are asking is for a very large amount of our own money back.\" At the European Union summit in Dublin, 1979 [PAR] \"We have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain only to see them re-imposed at a European level, with a European superstate exercising a new dominance from Brussels.\" 1988 [PAR] \"No! No! No!\" House of Commons 20 October 1990, the climax of an anti-European outburst that moved Geoffrey Howe to quit as deputy prime minister and deliver the resignation speech calling for her to be challenged for her job [PAR] THE END OF THE AFFAIR [PAR] \"I fight on, I fight to win.\" 21 November 1990, after failing to win enough votes to avoid a second round in the Tory leadership contest. She resigned the next day [PAR] \"It's a funny old world.\" 27 November 1990, at her last cabinet meeting [PAR] \"It was treachery with a smile on its face. Perhaps that was the worst thing of all.\" 1993, on the cabinet colleagues who had advised her to stand down. [PAR] LIFE AFTER OFFICE [PAR] \"Home is where you come to when you've got nothing better to do.\" May 1991, six months after leaving Number 10 [PAR] ...AND WHAT THEY SAID ABOUT HER [PAR] \"She has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The chess games of Nigel Short The chess games of Nigel Short [PAR] IM (1979); GM (1984); British Champion (1984, 1987, 1998); English Champion (1991); European Union Champion (2001); Commonwealth Champion (2006 & 2008); Candidate (1985, 1988, 1991, 1994 (PCA)); World Championship Challenger (PCA) (1993). [PAR] Background [PAR] Nigel David Short was born in Leigh in Lancashire, the second son of Jean and David Short. A bona fide chess prodigy, Short defeated Viktor Korchnoi in a simul at the age of 10 and was the youngest ever qualifier for the British Championships at the age of 11. When he earned his International Master title at the age of 14, he was at that time the youngest ever to earn that title. When he won the Grandmaster title at the age of 19, he was the youngest GM in the world at the time. He subsequently rose to dominate English chess in the 80s and 90s following in the wake of Anthony Miles , culminating in a challenge for the World Championship in 1993. [PAR] Championships [PAR] <Youth> Short was =1st in the World U16 Youth Championship held in Belfort in 1979. [PAR] <Junior> He participated in four World Junior Championships from 1980 to 1983. He achieved his best result during his first attempt in which he placed second to Garry Kasparov in 1980 at Dortmund. [PAR] <National> In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. When Nigel was 14, he tied for 1st place in the British Championship of 1979 with John Nunn and Robert Bellin , earning his first IM norm. Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991. He came =1st in the British Championships (2011) at the age of 46, but lost the tie breaker to Michael Adams . [PAR] <Commonwealth and Continental> He won the Commonwealth Championships in 2004 (7.5/9) and 2006 (9/10), the Commonwealth Championship (2008) (9.5/11) and came =1st in the Commonwealth and South African Open (2011) (7.5/9). He scored 7.5/13 in the 2nd European Individual Championship held in Ohrid in the FYROM in 2001, won the European Union Individual Championships (2006) held in Liverpool with 7.5/10, and took a share of second place in the European Individual Championship (2008) . [PAR] <World> Short qualified to play in the Biel Interzonal when he placed =1st alongside Jonathan Speelman in European Zonal 1A held in Brighton in December 1984. Subsequently, in July 1985, he placed =4th at the Biel Interzonal with 10.5/18 (+6 =9 -2), holding off John van der Wiel and Eugenio Torre in a play off for the fourth qualifying position to the Montpellier Candidates, thereby becoming Britain's first-ever candidate. Short did not win through to the semi-final Candidate Matches from the preliminary Candidates Tournament, scoring 7/15 to finish in equal tenth place, and exited the World Championship challenge at this stage. However, his participation in the Montpellier Candidates Tournament qualified Short to compete in the 1987 Subotica Interzonal in which he scored 10.5/16 to place equal first with Speelman and Gyula Sax . In the preliminary match held in Saint John in Canada in 1988, Short defeated Sax (+2=3), but then lost by 3.5-1.5 (\u22122=3) to Speelman in London later that year. This cycle was the last full undisputed FIDE controlled World Championship cycle until the Kramnik - Topalov World Championship Match (2006) Unification Match. During the next World Championship cycle, a last round victory over Mikhail Gurevich enabled Short to finish equal third with Viswanathan Anand ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wynton Marsallis Salutes Louis Armstrong \u2013 Full Concert ... Wynton Marsallis Salutes Louis Armstrong \u2013 Full Concert \u2013 Newport Casino \u2013 The Happy Video Network [PAR] Jack Teagarden [PAR] Louis Armstrong (August 4, 1901 \u2013 July 6, 1971), [1] nicknamed Satchmo [2] or Pops, was an American trumpeter, composer, singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz . His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in jazz. [3] [PAR] Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an \u201cinventive\u201d trumpet and cornet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. [4] With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes. He was also skilled at scat singing . [PAR] Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing, Armstrong\u2019s influence extends well beyond jazz music, and by the end of his career in the 1960s, he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general. Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to \u201ccross over\u201d, whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided. He rarely publicly politicized his race, often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans, but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis . His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Handcolored etching Louis Armstrong (2002) by Adi Holzer [PAR] Armstrong often stated that he was born on July 4, 1900, [5] [6] a date that has been noted in many biographies. Although he died in 1971, it was not until the mid-1980s that his true birth date of August 4, 1901 was discovered by researcher Tad Jones through the examination of baptismal records . [7] [PAR] Armstrong was born into a poor family in New Orleans, Louisiana , and was the grandson of slaves. He spent his youth in poverty, in a rough neighborhood known as \u201cthe Battlefield\u201d, which was part of the Storyville legal prostitution district. His father, William Armstrong (1881\u20131922), abandoned the family when Louis was an infant and took up with another woman. His mother, Mary \u201cMayann\u201d Albert (1886\u20131927), then left Louis and his younger sister, Beatrice Armstrong Collins (1903\u20131987), in the care of his grandmother, Josephine Armstrong, and at times, his Uncle Isaac. At five, he moved back to live with his mother and her relatives, and only saw his father in parades. [PAR] He attended the Fisk School for Boys, where he most likely had early exposure to music. He brought in some money as a paperboy and also by finding discarded food and selling it to restaurants, but it was not enough to keep his mother from prostitution. He hung out in dance halls close to home, where he observed everything from licentious dancing to the quadrille . For extra money he also hauled coal to Storyville, and listened to the bands playing in the brothels and dance halls, especially Pete Lala\u2019s, where Joe \u201cKing\u201d Oliver performed as well as other famous musicians who would drop in to jam . [PAR] After dropping out of the Fisk School at age eleven, Armstrong joined a quartet of boys who sang in the streets for money. He also started to get into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Will and Kate Take Legal Action Over Topless Photos ... Will and Kate Take Legal Action Over Topless Photos \u2013 ModernMom [PAR] by ModernMom Staff Leave a Comment [PAR] Britain\u2019s beloved royal couple is taking legal action against a magazine that published photos of Catherine, the Duchess of Cambridge. [PAR] Attorneys for Prince William and Kate filed a criminal complaint on Monday against the photographer who took the shots, according to the UK Independent . [PAR] They will also be seeking an injunction against Closer magazine using more pictures and to prevent further publication of the photographs in France. [PAR] \u201cWe can confirm that a criminal complaint has been made to the French Prosecution Department today,\u201d said a spokesperson for Clarence House. [PAR] The photos in question show Kate sunbathing in private during a vacation at a private chateau belonging to William\u2019s uncle in Provence, in southern France. [PAR] Some have questioned all the uproar over the images, as topless sunbathing is a commonly accepted practice in many parts of Europe. [PAR] But royal biographer Christopher Andersen told CNN the issue is less about nudity and more about privacy. [PAR] According to Andersen, William and his brother Prince Harry still blame the media for the 1997 death of their mother, Princess Diana, in a traffic accident as her driver fled paparazzi. As a result, the royal family is concerned about similar invasions, particularly if William and Catherine have a child [PAR] \u201cThis is a deterrent. They\u2019re drawing a line in the sand,\u201d he said. [PAR] Will and Kate have remained cool and collected throughout the storm of publicity surrounding the photos. The couple is currently on a goodwill tour of Asia related to the Queen\u2019s Diamond Jubilee."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MOTOWN: THE GROUPS - uDiscover Motown: The Groups | uDiscover [PAR] Motown: The Groups [PAR] Browse albums now [PAR] Berry Gordy Jr. launched his record company in January 1959 with two solo singers, Marv Johnson and Eddie Holland, as well as with the experience gained from the success of another vocalist, Barrett Strong, signed to his sister\u2019s label. (Read more about the solo singers of Motown in our Motown: The Great Voices feature). [PAR] Yet it is the groups of Motown who have largely defined the sound and soul sent around the world from \u201cHitsville U.S.A.\u201d at 2648 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit: The Miracles , The Marvelettes , Martha & The Vandellas , The Supremes , Jr. Walker & The All Stars , The Isley Brothers , The Temptations , and the Four Tops. And later, based in California, the likes of the Jackson 5 and the Commodores. [PAR] The Miracles have pride of place, of course. On their initial success, Gordy built his business. The son of a plasterer, he did that in America's heartland, away from the traditional music capitals. And the iconic map of Detroit printed in the centre of so many Motown singles and albums became more than a lesson in geography. Calling out around the world, the music and artists associated with the company empowered a generation, and influenced the sound of popular music ever since. The foundations were evident in winter '59, when Gordy proudly collected boxes of his company's first 45 from a snowbound pressing plant in Owosso, Michigan. He was accompanied by the leader of his most precious asset, The Miracles. Smokey Robinson had urged Berry to set up on his own, rather than licensing recordings to other labels: \"Why work for the Man? You be the Man.\" [PAR] A few years earlier, as the operator of an eclectic record store, Gordy learned the hard way that jazz might nourish the soul, but didn't pay the bills. Then, as a budding songwriter, he placed hits into the hands of a mass-appeal Motor City son, Jackie Wilson, who had gone solo from Billy Ward's Dominoes. This earned Berry the respect of his family, and an $800 loan which led him to open the doors of a former funeral parlour as Hitsville U.S.A. [PAR] When aspiring youngsters approached the fledgling record company, \"they were not writers, they were not producers, they were not anything,\" Gordy once explained to a British journalist, \"they were just smart kids off the street, and they could be channelled and directed.\" They were just like him, he added. \"All they needed was a chance to express their ideas.\" [PAR] Now those ideas are the DNA of popular music. Diana Ross ' eternal ache in 'Where Did Our Love Go,' the honey-and-sandpaper of The Temptations ' 'My Girl,' and the sanctified call-and-response of the Four Tops ' 'I Can't Help Myself' are subliminally programmed into half the hit records you've ever heard, or seen on The X Factor or American Idol. Just as - from the basement recording studio at Hitsville - the lockstep drums of Benny Benjamin and the heartbeat bass of James Jamerson are the unerring metronomes of, well, most of the other half. [PAR] Can there anywhere be a jukebox, digital or physical, that does not offer 'Dancing In The Street,' 'Reach Out I'll Be There,' or 'The Tracks Of My Tears'? Can there be DJs anywhere who haven't shouted out with 'Dancing In The Street,' 'Get Ready' or 'You Can't Hurry Love?' [PAR] History has registered the tale of how Gordy and his extended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Infant receives baboon heart - Oct 26, 1984 - HISTORY.com Infant receives baboon heart - Oct 26, 1984 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Infant receives baboon heart [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] At Loma Linda University Medical Center in Loma Linda, California, Dr. Leonard L. Bailey performs the first baboon-to-human heart transplant, replacing a 14-day-old infant girl\u2019s defective heart with the healthy, walnut-sized heart of a young baboon. [PAR] The infant, known as \u201cBaby Fae,\u201d was born with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, a deformity that is almost fatal and is found in newborns in which parts or all of the left side of the heart is missing. A few days after Baby Fae\u2019s birth, Loma Linda heart surgeon Dr. Bailey convinced Baby Fae\u2019s mother to allow him to try the experimental baboon-heart transplant. Three other humans had received animal-heart transplants, the last in 1977, but none survived longer than 3 1/2 days. Bailey argued that an infant with an underdeveloped immune system would be less likely to reject alien tissue than an adult. [PAR] Baby Fae survived the operation, and her subsequent struggle for life received international attention. After living longer than any other human recipient of an animal heart, Baby Fae\u2019s body made a concerted effort to reject the alien transplant. Doctors were forced to increase dosages of an immuno-suppressive drug, leading to kidney failure. Ultimately, doctors were defeated by the swift onset of heart failure, and on November 15 Baby Fae died after holding on for 20 days. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ... BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 DAYS - NYTimes.com [PAR] BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 DAYS [PAR] By LAWRENCE K. ALTMAN , Special to the New York Times [PAR] Published: November 16, 1984 [PAR] LOMA LINDA, Calif., Nov. 15\u2014 Baby Fae, the infant who received the heart of a baboon 20 days ago to replace her own defective heart, died today at 9 P.M,, officials of the Loma Linda University Medical Center said. [PAR] Her death was due to complications caused when her body began last Friday to reject the transplanted heart. [PAR] Her kidneys began deteriorating this afternoon and doctors tried to treat her with a form of kidney therapy called peritoneal dialysis. [PAR] Her parents were with her as much as possible during her final hours and were receiving support from the hospital chaplain and physicians, hospital authorities said. [PAR] Just before Baby Fae died, a final attempt was made to revive her with a heart massage. [PAR] Decision on Transplant [PAR] LOMA LINDA, Calif., Nov. 15 - [PAR] New information came to light today about the decision to give Baby Fae a baboon heart, but the new reports also added some new confusion to the story. [PAR] Two fresh news reports about the Baby Fae case concerned themselves with the informed consent process by which parents or relatives give approval for an operation. One report was based on an interview with Dr. Bailey, and the other with the mother's friends. [PAR] Officials here have refused to release the informed consent form and scientific documents governing Baby Fae's baboon heart transplant operation. [PAR] Baby Fae was born in Barstow, Calif., on Oct. 14 and was transferred shortly afterward to the Loma Linda University Medical Center. [PAR] Loma Linda officials, after first denying it, now acknowledge that at some unspecified time before the operation, Baby Fae's parents were told she was not going to live because of her heart defect, and they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE CRISIS IN KOSOVO - Human Rights Watch Civilian Deaths in the NATO Air Campaign - The Crisis in Kosovo [PAR] [PAR] THE CRISIS IN KOSOVO [PAR] Operation Allied Force began on March 24, 1999 after more than a year of effort by the international community led by NATO to find a negotiated solution in Kosovo. In June 1998, NATO Defense Ministers decided to charge NATO planners with the responsibility to produce a range of options, both ground and air, for military action should the diplomatic process fail to yield the desired results. By the fall, an estimated 250,000 Kosovo Albanians had been driven from their homes and some 50,000 were threatened by approaching winter weather. 2 The United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1199 (UNSCR 1199) on September 23, highlighting the impending human catastrophe and demanding a cease-fire and the start of real political dialogue. A Contact Group meeting in London on October 8 gave U.S. envoy Richard Holbrooke a mandate to secure agreement to the requirements of UNSCR 1199 in a mission to Belgrade. Activation orders for air strikes were agreed on October 13; that same day Holbrooke reported to NATO that Slobodan Milosevic, the president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), had agreed to the deployment of an unarmed Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) verification mission to Kosovo and to the establishment of a NATO aerial verification mission. Yugoslavia also agreed to reduce the numbers of security forces personnel in Kosovo to pre-crisis levels. [PAR] Despite initial stabilization, violence continued. Following a massacre in the village of Racak on January 15, 1999, NATO increased its state of readiness, issuing a \"solemn warning\" to Milosevic and the Kosovo Albanian leadership on January 28. 3 This was followed by a second statement on January 30 that reaffirmed NATO's original demands, and delegated to Secretary General Javier Solana authority to commence air strikes against targets on FRY territory. [PAR] Parties to talks at Rambouillet in France, in February 1999, attempted to build agreement to protect the rights of all sides. After the first round of talks was suspended on February 23, a second round was convened on March 15. This second round was suspended on March 19 in the light of what NATO intelligence and OSCE observers saw as intensifying violence on the ground instigated by FRY security forces, and a build-up of FRY/Serbian forces in and around Kosovo. OSCE verifiers were withdrawn during the night of March 19-20, and Holbrooke flew to Belgrade on March 22 in a last-ditch effort to persuade Milosevic to back down and avoid a military confrontation. On March 23, following final consultations with allies, Javier Solana directed NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), Gen. Wesley Clark, to initiate a \"phased\" air operation. 4 [PAR] Operation Allied Force Attacks [PAR] Operation Allied Force was initiated at 7 p.m. GMT (8 p.m. local time in Yugoslavia). Of thirteen (out of nineteen) NATO nations that made aircraft available for the operation (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States), eight put their planes in action on the first night. Aircraft from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Spain conducted bombing, carrying out a succession of attack waves with almost exclusively precision-guided munitions (PGMs) against fixed and pre-selected targets. Long-range cruise missiles were fired by the United States and Britain. Though targets were hit throughout Yugoslavia across a mix of target types (for example, airfields, command and control sites, barracks, andheadquarters, particularly of the special police), the initial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mystery of murdered Russian Tsar's missing children solved ... Mystery of murdered Russian Tsar's missing children solved by DNA study - Telegraph [PAR] Russia [PAR] Mystery of murdered Russian Tsar's missing children solved by DNA study [PAR] All five children of Russia's last Tsar were murdered by the Bolsheviks, according to a new DNA analysis that ends decades of conspiracy theories about family members who had escaped abroad. [PAR] Russia's last tsar Nicholas II (L) and his wife Tsarina Alexander Fyodorovna (2ndR) and children Prince Alexei and Princesses Olga, Tatyana, Maria and Anastasia Photo: EPA [PAR] By Alastair Jamieson [PAR] 8:13AM GMT 11 Mar 2009 [PAR] A study based on detailed evidence from the exhumed remains of the Romanovs concludes the whole family was slaughtered in 1918 in the wake of the Russian revolution. [PAR] The results show none of the children of Tsar Nicholas II or his wife Tsarina Alexandra survived the execution, ending speculation that surviving members of the dynasty had fled the country to start a new life elsewhere. [PAR] The gunshot-and-bayonet murders took place in July 1918 in a cellar in the city of Ekaterinburg, central Russia. [PAR] Since then, about 200 people have claimed to descend from one or other of the Romanovs who had somehow survived the slaughter in the basement of Ipatiev House. [PAR] The claims were bolstered by the fact that the grave in which the Romanovs were buried was found to contain the bodies of only three of the children when it was finally examined following the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] Body of last tsar's mother brought back to Russia - Telegraph Body of last tsar's mother brought back to Russia - Telegraph [PAR] Body of last tsar's mother brought back to Russia [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] A coffin, draped with the imperial flag, containing the remains of Tsarina Maria Fyodorovna is carried by a guard of honour [PAR] [PAR] Maria married Tsar Alexander III in 1866 [PAR] By Adrian Blomfield, in Moscow [PAR] 12:01AM BST 27 Sep 2006 [PAR] To the sounds of a 31-gun salute, the remains of Russia's last dowager empress returned to her adopted homeland yesterday almost nine decades after she fled the Bolshevik revolution that claimed the lives of her son and grandchildren. [PAR] Maria Fyodorovna, the mother of Nicholas II , Russia's last tsar, will be laid to rest tomorrow after three days of commemorations that will force Russia to consider the bloody end of its imperial past. [PAR] Descendants of the Romanov dynasty gathered at the Baltic port of Kronstadt as the tsarina's coffin, draped in the imperial flag, was brought ashore from a Danish frigate. [PAR] A military band played a 19th century funeral march as Danish and Russian soldiers formed a guard of honour, marching side by side for the first time. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Romanovs move from tsardom to sainthood [PAR] 16 Aug 2000 [PAR] After a brief ceremony, the tsarina's body was taken to the imperial summer residence at Peterhof, 20 miles south-east of St Petersburg, where it will lie in state. [PAR] The solemn commemorations marked the culmination of years of negotiations between Moscow and Copenhagen to repatriate the Danish-born empress. [PAR] Born Princess Dagmar of the Danish royal house, Maria married Tsar Alexander III in 1866, arriving in Russia exactly 140 years before her remains were returned. [PAR] She was to stay for more than half a century, becoming popular among ordinary Russians who admired her tact, beauty and charitable works. [PAR] She was to outlive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ... Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha Franklin cancels appearance | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Aretha Franklin has cancelled her appearance at Whitney Houston's funeral today. [PAR] The 69-year-old soul singer had been due to perform at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey, but is suffered from 'leg spasms and locked leg' syndrome into the early hours of this morning and is therefore unfit to attend, according to her statement. [PAR] She was scheduled to sing The Greatest Love of All, but will now grieve for her goddaughter privately at home. [PAR] Pulling out: Aretha Franklin performing at Radio City Music Hall last night has cancelled her appearance at Whitney Houston's funeral today [PAR] Passing of an icon: Whitney, picture two days before her death [PAR] She said via her spokesperson: 'Regretfully, I am so sorry that I was unable to be with you at Whitney's service today. [PAR] 'I had every intention of being there. [PAR] 'But unfortunately I had terrible leg spasms and locked leg muscles until 4:00AM this morning following my concert last night, which I've been having for the last few days. [PAR] 'I feel it necessary and very important to stay off my leg today as much as possible until concert time this evening. [PAR] 'My heart goes out to my dear friend Cissy, Dionne, Bobbi Kristina and the rest of the family. [PAR] May God keep them all. [PAR] Last night Franklin performed a New York City concert at Radio City Music Hall - and was reported to be exhausted and overwhelmed afterwards. [PAR] She will rest for the day before performing again tonight. [PAR] A representative for Franklin told Forbes: 'She would have had to be back in New York by three o\u2019clock at the latest. She feels terrible about it. But she\u2019s got to rest.' [PAR] R.E.S.P.C.T singer Aretha paid tribute to Houston during her gig last night, calling her 'one of the greatest singers that ever stood behind a microphone'. [PAR] 'She's moved on up just a little bit higher now,' she added. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Today's service will feature musical tributes from Stevie Wonder, R. Kelly, Alicia Keys and gospel greats Kim Burrell and BeBe Winans. [PAR] The New Hope Baptist Church Mass Choir and the New Jersey Mass Choir will open the service. [PAR] Pastor Marvin Winans will deliver the eulogy while Houston's Bodyguard co-star Kevin Costner and music mentor Clive Davis will speak. [PAR] Close: Whitney and Aretha pictured together back in 1997 with singer-producer Babyface. A spokesman for the soul singer says she will grieve privately for Houston today [PAR] Send off: The New Hope Baptist Church Mass Choir and the New Jersey Mass Choir pictured warming up before the funeral. They will open the ceremony[DOC] [TLE] Whitney Houston's Music Inspired By Her Faith - MTV Whitney Houston's Music Inspired By Her Faith - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] archive-John-Mitchell [PAR] 02/16/2012 [PAR] She may be best known for her soulful ballads and upbeat pop tunes, but gospel music was Whitney Houston 's first musical love. The singer developed her powerful voice in the church and told MTV in 1997 that the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey, where her [article id=\"1679380\"]funeral will be held on Saturday[/article], was her family's \"second home.\" [PAR] \"My root is gospel. My root is not R&B; my root is gospel music,\" Houston said in a 1990 interview featured in Wednesday night's MTV special \"Whitney Houston: In Her Own Words.\" \"And"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Isaac Asimov was a Russian-born, American author, a professor of biochemistry, and a highly successful writer, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. [PAR] Professor Asimov is generally considered the most prolific writer of all time, having written or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards. He has works published in nine of the ten major categories of the Dewey Decimal System (lacking only an entry in the 100s category of Philosophy). [PAR] Asimov is widely considered a master of the science-fiction genre and, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, was considered one of the \"Big Three\" science-fiction writers during his lifetime. Asimov's most famous work is the Found Isaac Asimov was a Russian-born, American author, a professor of biochemistry, and a highly successful writer, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. [PAR] Professor Asimov is generally considered the most prolific writer of all time, having written or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards. He has works published in nine of the ten major categories of the Dewey Decimal System (lacking only an entry in the 100s category of Philosophy). [PAR] Asimov is widely considered a master of the science-fiction genre and, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, was considered one of the \"Big Three\" science-fiction writers during his lifetime. Asimov's most famous work is the Foundation Series; his other major series are the Galactic Empire series and the Robot series, both of which he later tied into the same fictional universe as the Foundation Series to create a unified \"future history\" for his stories much like those pioneered by Robert A. Heinlein and previously produced by Cordwainer Smith and Poul Anderson. He penned numerous short stories, among them \"Nightfall\", which in 1964 was voted by the Science Fiction Writers of America the best short science fiction story of all time, a title many still honor. He also wrote mysteries and fantasy, as well as a great amount of nonfiction. Asimov wrote the Lucky Starr series of juvenile science-fiction novels using the pen name Paul French. [PAR] Most of Asimov's popularized science books explain scientific concepts in a historical way, going as far back as possible to a time when the science in question was at its simplest stage. He often provides nationalities, birth dates, and death dates for the scientists he mentions, as well as etymologies and pronunciation guides for technical terms. Examples include his Guide to Science, the three volume set Understanding Physics, and Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery. [PAR] Asimov was a long-time member and Vice President of Mensa International, albeit reluctantly; he described some members of that organization as \"brain-proud and aggressive about their IQs\" He took more joy in being president of the American Humanist Association. The asteroid 5020 Asimov, the magazine Asimov's Science Fiction, a Brooklyn, NY elementary school, and two different Isaac Asimov Awards are named in his honor. [PAR] ---------------------------------------- [PAR] Isaac Asimov. (2007, November 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:50, November 29, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_As... ...more[DOC] [TLE] Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote [PAR] Isaac Asimov [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] There is no belief , however foolish , that will not gather its faithful adherents who will defend it to the death . [PAR] Isaac Asimov (c. 2 January 1920 \u2013 6 April 1992"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde - HISTORY.com Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde - May 23, 1934 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 05/23/1934 - Police Kill Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] In this This Day in History video, take a look at May 23, the day in 1934 when police finally caught up to Bonnie and Clyde and killed them. In 1701, Captain William Kidd was hanged in London for piracy and murder. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] Author [PAR] Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1934, notorious criminals Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow are shot to death by Texas and Louisiana state police while driving a stolen car near Sailes, Louisiana. [PAR] Bonnie Parker met the charismatic Clyde Barrow in Texas when she was 19 years old and her husband (she married when she was 16) was serving time in jail for murder. Shortly after they met, Barrow was imprisoned for robbery. Parker visited him every day, and smuggled a gun into prison to help him escape, but he was soon caught in Ohio and sent back to jail. When Barrow was paroled in 1932, he immediately hooked up with Parker, and the couple began a life of crime together. [PAR] After they stole a car and committed several robberies, Parker was caught by police and sent to jail for two months. Released in mid-1932, she rejoined Barrow. Over the next two years, the couple teamed with various accomplices to rob a string of banks and stores across five states\u2013Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, New Mexico and Louisiana. To law enforcement agents, the Barrow Gang\u2013including Barrow\u2019s childhood friend, Raymond Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Henry Methvin, Barrow\u2019s brother Buck and his wife Blanche, among others\u2013were cold-blooded criminals who didn\u2019t hesitate to kill anyone who got in their way, especially police or sheriff\u2019s deputies. Among the public, however, Parker and Barrow\u2019s reputation as dangerous outlaws was mixed with a romantic view of the couple as \u201cRobin Hood\u201d-like folk heroes. [PAR] Their fame was increased by the fact that Bonnie was a woman\u2013an unlikely criminal\u2013and by the fact that the couple posed for playful photographs together, which were later found by police and released to the media. Police almost captured the famous duo twice in the spring of 1933, with surprise raids on their hideouts in Joplin and Platte City, Missouri. Buck Barrow was killed in the second raid, and Blanche was arrested, but Bonnie and Clyde escaped once again. In January 1934, they attacked the Eastham Prison Farm in Texas to help Hamilton break out of jail, shooting several guards with machine guns and killing one. [PAR] Texan prison officials hired a retired Texas police officer, Captain Frank Hamer, as a special investigator to track down Parker and Barrow. After a three-month search, Hamer traced the couple to Louisiana, where Henry Methvin\u2019s family lived. Before dawn on May 23, Hamer and a group of Louisiana and Texas lawmen hid in the bushes along a country road outside Sailes. When Parker and Barrow appeared, the officers opened fire, killing the couple instantly in a hail of bullets. [PAR] All told, the Barrow Gang was believed responsible for the deaths of 13 people, including nine police officers. Parker and Barrow are still seen by many as romantic figures, however, especially after the success of the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, starring Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty. [PAR] __________________________________________________________________"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BORIS BECKER AND HIS WIMBLEDON FAMILY - Black Celebrity Kids BORIS BECKER AND HIS WIMBLEDON FAMILY \u2013 BCK Online [PAR] Legendary Tennis player Boris Becker was joined by his family as they hosted a party celebrating the 25th Anniversary of his first win at Wimbledon. Pictured are (LtoR) Noah, 16, wife Sharley Lily Kerssenberg, 10-year-old Elias and Boris. [PAR] Boris and Lilly welcomed their first child together four months ago."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lee Harvey Oswald shot - Videos - CBS News Lee Harvey Oswald shot - Videos - CBS News [PAR] Lee Harvey Oswald shot [PAR] Lee Harvey Oswald shot [PAR] November 19, 2013, 8:06 AM [PAR] | Nov. 24, 1963: As Dallas police prepared to transfer Lee Harvey Oswald to the Dallas County courthouse, he was shot in the stomach by man later identified as Jack Ruby. Oswald had been arrested in the shooting President Kennedy two days earlier."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac ... Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac Center] [PAR] By Dr. Burton W. Folsom , [PAR] published on Sept. 8, 1998 [PAR] On September 16, 1908, one of America\u0092s best known companies was born. That was the day that Billy Durant founded General Motors. When the local gossips heard what he had done, some were shocked because Durant actually made his first fortune betting against cars: he was the largest maker of carriages in the U. S. The recent UAW strike against GM has been hard on all parties, but both labor and management have good reason to come together and celebrate the man who started it all, ninety years ago this month. [PAR] Most carriage makers avoided the auto, but not Billy Durant. He was one of the most remarkable entrepreneurs Michigan has ever produced. Friends said Durant could sell sand to the Arabs and then sell them sieves to sift it. Walter Chrysler once said of Durant, \"He could coax a bird right down out of a tree.\" [PAR] After a successful stint as a cigar salesman in Flint, Durant moved to carriages. In 1886, he started the Flint Road Cart Company and, after fifteen years traveling the country hawking a variety of carriages in all sizes and colors, he had transformed $2,000 in start-up capital into a $2 million business with sales around the world. [PAR] By 1900, several mechanics had been tinkering with gas-powered horseless carriages, but costs were high and quality was low. Durant thought cars were smelly, noisy, and dangerous. He had even refused to let his daughter ride in one. But instead of calling for government safety regulations, he thought about improving the Buick, a local car with few sales and large debts. [PAR] In 1904, after test-driving a Buick over the potholes in Flint and the mud of the countryside, he took the challenge of building the car industry almost from scratch. Durant the salesman sprang into action. He entered the Buick in a New York auto show\u0097and came home with orders for 1,108 cars: not bad considering that only 37 Buicks had ever been made. In 1908, after just four years making cars, he had the best-selling car in the business. The carriage king had become the auto genius. [PAR] Durant and his main rival, Henry Ford, both envisioned mass appeal for the car. Ford, however, thought his company should be built around one standard car, his low-priced, no frills Model T. Durant, from his years in the carriage business, knew that if he were to prevail as the auto leader he needed many different types of vehicles to cater to different incomes and tastes. He scoured the country with the idea of having Buick merge with other companies that could carve out a niche in the auto market. He bought Cadillac for its luxury cars. He formed General Motors in 1908 by consolidating thirteen car companies and ten parts-and-accessories manufacturers. [PAR] By 1911, however, General Motors was losing money and Ford was selling more cars, prompting a group of Boston stockholders to oust Durant from leadership at General Motors. Thinking that the losses were due to Durant\u0092s risk-taking brashness, they tried to run the company more cautiously. [PAR] Durant was resilient, however. With capital and expertise he mustered from friends, he started making the Chevrolet, a new economy car that quickly captured a large share of the market. Durant then cleverly traded much of his Chevrolet stock for GM stock, and soon held a controlling interest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ... Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the truth about their marriage | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Nicoletta Mantovani was studying natural sciences at university in her home city of Bologna when she first met operatic titan Luciano Pavarotti. She was 23. He was 58. [PAR] To earn some money in the holidays, she\u2019d applied for a job at an international equestrian competition. [PAR] A keen horseman, Pavarotti happened to be in the offices that day in 1993 and fell into conversation with Nicoletta. Over the ensuing weeks, he\u2019d turn up on numerous occasions. \u2018And I didn\u2019t understand why at the time,\u2019 she says now. [PAR] When he finally asked her to accompany him on tour around the world, she declined. [PAR] He was more than twice her age and besotted with her. But by the time he died it was said he hated her. Now Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the truth... [PAR] \u2018Then he asked if I\u2019d at least come to the airport to wave him off. When I got there, I somehow couldn\u2019t resist going with him. I said it could only be for two or three weeks. But I never came back because, of course, we\u2019d fallen in love by then.\u2019 So what made him special? [PAR] \u2018His charm, his voice, his charisma but, most of all, his gift for happiness. Everyone remembers his smile. He was such a positive man, so full of joy, so happy to be in this world. And it was contagious.\u2019 [PAR] The fact that he was well over twice Nicoletta\u2019s age was of no concern, she says. \u2018The soul has no age. Anyway, Luciano always said he was much younger than me. And he was right. You cannot be a great artist unless you\u2019re a child inside.\u2019 [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] There was, however, the small matter of Pavarotti already having a wife, Adua, and three daughters, Lorenza, Cristina and Giuliana, all of them older than Nicoletta. She smiles. \u2018He had not lived as a family man for some time,\u2019 she says. \u2018You can\u2019t fall in love if you\u2019re already in love, can you?\u2019 [PAR] Six months after they met, Nicoletta was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. For weeks at a time, she would lose the vision in her right eye or have little or no feeling below her waist. [PAR] \u2018I was 24 and it felt like the end of the world. I told Luciano I would have to leave him.\u2019 He wouldn\u2019t hear of it. \u2018He said, \u201cUp until this point, I loved you. Now I adore you.\u201d This sickness, he said, wasn\u2019t bad luck; it was a great thing for me. It would help me to sort out what really mattered in life. I could properly appreciate the sunset now and so on.\u2019 [PAR] A keen horseman, Pavarotti happened to be in the offices that day in 1993 and fell into conversation with Nicoletta. Over the ensuing weeks, he'D turn up on numerous occasions [PAR] Then in 2003, Nicoletta gave birth at 31 weeks to twins. Daughter Alice struggled to survive but is now ten and the apple of her mother\u2019s eye, as she was of her father\u2019s. Sadly, her brother Riccardo died in infancy as a result of the complications of his premature birth. \u2018Such a mix of emotions,\u2019 she says now. \u2018Both a miracle and a tragedy. But it forged an even stronger bond between me and Luciano.\u2019 [PAR] The couple married in December 2003, but in September"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ... January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered tricycle, hits the road - BT [PAR] [PAR] January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered tricycle, hits the road [PAR] The Sinclair C5 was hailed by its creator as the future of personal transport but at \u00a3399, the lightweight trike didn't have many takers. [PAR] Share this [PAR] Print this story [PAR] The Sinclair C5, a battery-operated electric tricycle invented by computing tycoon Sir Clive Sinclair, was launched on this day in 1985. [PAR] Advertised as \u201ca new power in personal transport\u201d, the C5 was expected to revolutionise the electric vehicle market by the man who had created the ZX Spectrum, the best-selling British computer of all time. [PAR] It was driven in the sitting position, with legs outstretched, and controlled by a handlebar located between the knees. Designed for short journeys around town, its electric motor could manage a top speed of 15mph. [PAR] Sinclair had envisaged the C5, which retailed at \u00a3399, as appealing to both drivers and cyclists, but it soon became apparent that its shortcomings pleased neither group. [PAR] Standing only 2ft 6ins high, the vehicles suffered from poor visibility on the road, and their 12-volt battery offered a range of just 20 miles. Drivers were also uncovered and open to the elements. [PAR] It also raised a number of safety concerns: the body was lightweight and offered little protection in a crash, and drivers were not required to have a licence or even wear a helmet. The British Safety Council issued a highly critical report on the vehicle. [PAR] Sinclair\u2019s expectations were soon shown to be wildly over-optimistic. By the end of July, only 5,000 had been sold. Production was halted the following month, with most of the other 7,000 of the tricycles built remaining unsold. [PAR] Did you ever own or drive a Sinclair C5? Could you see yourself using one today? Let us know in the Comments section below. [PAR] The Sinclair C5 \u2013 Did you know? [PAR] Sir Clive Sinclair was a well-established and highly-successful inventor and businessman, having created and sold the world\u2019s first pocket calculator as well as the hugely successful ZX range of home computers. [PAR] He first made enquiries about the possibility of electronic personal vehicles while still at school and working in a holiday job at an electronics company. [PAR] He started his first company, Sinclair Radionics, in 1961, five days before his twenty-first birthday, Sinclair launched his first kit computer, the ZX80, in February 1980, and the ZX Spectrum was introduced the following April. [PAR] Sinclair was knighted in 1983, and sold the computer arm of his business to Amstrad for \u00a35 million in 1985. [PAR] Final design modifications on the C5 were carried out by 23-year-old Gus Desbarats, who had won a Sinclair-sponsored electric vehicle design competition at the Royal College of Art. One of his modifications was to add a small luggage compartment. [PAR] The contract to assemble the C5 was given to the Hoover Company, who carried out manufacture at their washing machine factory in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales \u2013 leading to the spurious rumour that the vehicle was powered by a washing machine motor. [PAR] Despite safety concerns and questions over its usefulness, the C5 was actually praised for its handling and control, being called \"stable, comfortable and easy to handle\" and \u201cvery easy to master\u201d in the British press. [PAR] The company created by Sinclair to manufacture and sell the C5 was placed in receivership in October 1985 and liquidated the following"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Victoria (Posh Spice) and David Beckham Wedding Victoria (Posh Spice) and David Beckham Wedding [PAR] [PAR] Victoria and David Beckham (pictured) were guest presenters at the 2003 MTV Movie Awards. PICTURE CREDIT \u00a9JON FURNISS; photo courtesy papicselect.com [PAR] Who: Singer Victoria Adams (Posh Spice) and footballer David Beckham [PAR] When: July 4, 1999 [PAR] Where: Luttrellstown Castle, near Dublin, Ireland [PAR] The Dress: The former Spice Girl wore a champagne colored satin dress designed by Vera Wang. [PAR] The Ceremony: Although the reception was enjoyed by hundreds, the wedding ceremony itself was held in a small, private room of the castle and witnessed only by family and closest friends. [PAR] The Reception: Wedding guests drank rose champagne by Laurent Perrier and enjoyed an elaborate spread of food, a reception that required over 400 attendants. One of the top dishes was sticky toffee pudding, Beckham's favorite. [PAR] Special Moments: The guests at the wedding were asked to dress in either black or white, lending an elegant air to a very elegant ceremony. To celebrate the wedding, the couple released doves and later lit the skies with a fireworks show. [PAR] The Honeymoon: According to New Zealand's Sunday Times, the couple took a short honeymoon in a villa in the south of France, just the two of them and their infant son, Brooklyn. [PAR] Add some starlit touches of your own... [PAR] If you liked Victoria and David Beckham's nuptials, consider how you can add some stellar touches to your own ceremony. For example: [PAR] \u0095 consider a color scheme for your guests. It doesn't cost a cent and not only does it make for great wedding photos of the whole group but it also serves as a conversation starter for all the guests. [PAR] \u0095 surprise your new husband with his favorite dish at the reception [PAR] [PAR] Read about other celebrity weddings; search by the celebrity's last name:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Julian Lennon - Biography - IMDb Julian Lennon - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Julian Lennon [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (30) | Personal Quotes (31) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Julian Lennon was born on April 8, 1963 in Liverpool, England as John Charles Julian Lennon. [PAR] Trivia (30) [PAR] Half-brother of Sean Lennon and step brother of Kyoko Ono Cox . [PAR] Father John Lennon 's song \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\" was inspired by a drawing Julian had made at school. [PAR] Was the inspiration for Paul McCartney 's song \"Hey Jude\", and was mentioned in father John Lennon 's song \"Mother.\". [PAR] Was engaged to Lucy Bayliss; however, the relationship ended in early 2007. [PAR] Has admitted he actually prefers Paul McCartney 's work in The Beatles to his father John Lennon 's, while he especially admires John's \"Isolation\", among his solo material. [PAR] When 11-year-old Julian visited John Lennon in the recording studio during the \"Walls and Bridges\" sessions, the two played an impromptu version of \"Ya Ya\", with John on piano and Julian on drums. John surprised Julian afterwards by revealing there'd been tape rolling--and their performance was going on the album. It turned out to be their only collaboration. [PAR] Julian's inheritance from father John Lennon 's estate was a small one--a $250,000 trust fund set up when he was a toddler, which he refused to touch when he received it at age 25. Was given several large cash gifts from Yoko Ono years later; nonetheless, he has said he'd rather have had some of John Lennon 's song copyrights and other possessions of his to share with his Lennon relatives in England. [PAR] Claimed early in his career to be looking for a mystical sign John Lennon had promised to send him if he died; a white feather floating evenly across the room. His song \"Well I Don't Know\" mentions his \"feeling the presence of the dead\", a reference to sensing John's presence in a house (which he later learned John had visited in life), when he was writing material for his first album. Years later in Australia, an Aboriginal native presented Julian with a white feather, causing him to re-examine his feelings toward his father, and toward promoting peace. [PAR] After the relative failure of \"Help Yourself\", he took a five-year break from recording, to do some soul-searching and especially to come to terms with being John Lennon 's son; he realized he'd been very angry with John, who had publicly preached about peace and love while privately being rather harsh and neglectful toward his own family. His comeback album \"Photograph Smile\" was dedicated to his stepfather Roberto Bassanini, who'd \"really raised me.\". [PAR] Had a rough time growing up, with schoolmates who automatically assumed that being the son of a pop star meant he was rich and snobbish; in fact, he and his mother lived in a modest house on a small income, and he had a hard time persuading father John Lennon to buy him things, or send him money - even when he related tales of what he was expected to live up to. [PAR] Fought a long battle in the late 1990s, to acquire the Internet domain name \"johnlennon.com\" from its registered owner. Has also spent the last several years (and thousands of dollars) collecting items that once belonged to his father. [PAR] When Julian decided to pursue a music career, he submitted demo tapes to record companies without his name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marion Anderson - Contralto Opera Singer on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about Marion Anderson - Contralto Opera Singer on Pinterest | Carnegie hall, Philadelphia and Blackest person [PAR] Forward [PAR] Marian Anderson - Brief Summary - An African American operatic and concert singer that was renowned thoughtout the world for her extraordinary contralto voice. The first African American to sing at the Metropolitan Opera. The following web resource has related information: Marian Anderson - A Voice of Hope [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] USAdiver.com - The Best Site for Springboard Divers and ... USAdiver.com - The Best Site for Springboard Divers and Coaches [PAR] On to the Games (A good USD Article) [PAR] Twenty years ago, the results of the U.S. Olympic diving trials would have all but foretold the results of the Olympics. .... \"It used to be that sports added something to the rest of your life,\" O'Brien said. \"Now they're what you do instead of the rest of your life.\" more [PAR] Controversy at diving trials [PAR] ...U.S. diving's glory days are graying alongside four-time gold medalist Greg Louganis, who worked the trials crowd one day last week with a signing pen and a handshake...That reality has U.S. diving officials trying to maximize the U.S. team's medal potential, even at the cost of some trials controversy. [PAR] HIS Olympic dream will have to wait [PAR] Thomas Finchum ended up making American diving history after all...Except it wasn't history with a storybook ending....For the first time, someone finished second at the Olympic Trials and did not qualify for the Olympics. That someone was Finchum, 14, of Indianapolis, who has become big in the sport despite his 5-3, 92-pound dimensions. [PAR] Garcia nearly perfect in surreal men\u2019s 10m platform trial [PAR] Fearful Ruiz abruptly pulls out; Soldati onto 1st Games with win in women\u2019s springboard Mark Ruiz climbed to the next-to-last ledge of the 33-foot-high tower \u2014 and couldn\u2019t go any farther. It was still bright red as he prepared to compete in the evening. He broke down in tears during in the introductions, unsure if he even wanted to compete. more[DOC] [TLE] Diving 101: Olympic history | NBC Olympics Diving 101: Olympic history | NBC Olympics [PAR] Diving 101: Olympic history [PAR] Tumblr [PAR] Get a history lesson in diving before the 2016 Rio Olympics. [PAR] London, 2012: The United States saw its most successful Games in 24 years, bagging four medals. Team USA's David Boudia topped the podium in the men's individual 10m platform, becoming the first American to win the event since Greg Louganis' back-to-back wins in 1984 and 1988. The Americans' other medals came in the men's synchronized 10m (bronze) and 3m synchronized springboard (bronze). The final American medal came from Kelci Bryant and Abby Johnston, who picked up silver in the synchronized 3m - the first-ever American medal in the event. [PAR] Share [PAR] London 2012: Wu Minxia's golden 3m springboard performance [PAR] Beijing, 2008: China dominated the diving competition at the 2008 Olympics, winning seven of the eight events contested. One silver and three bronze medals yielded a total medal haul of 11, a far cry from second-place Russia (five). The bright spot for the international field was Matthew Mitcham's performance in the men's 10m. The Australian beat Zhou Luxin for gold, stopping a Chinese sweep in front of its home fans. The best finish for an American at the Games was a pair of fourth place finishes in the 3m synchro events: Chris Colwill/Jevon Tarantino and Kelci Bryant/Ariel Rittenhouse. [PAR] Athens, 2004: The Greek synchronized diving team of Nikolaos Siranidis and Thomas Bimis took advantage of an extraordinary string of failed dives by some of the world's best to claim a stunning gold medal on the 3m. The Greek duo had no chance at a medal - let alone gold - until dives unraveled for the leaders on their fifth and final dives. The Chinese team of Peng Bo and Wang Kenan, leaders after four dives, scored a zero when Wang could not complete the final dive, a forward 2-1/2 somersault pike with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Clinton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bill Clinton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Bill Clinton [PAR] Baptist [PAR] Signature [PAR] William Jefferson \"Bill\" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19 , 1946 ) was the 42nd President of the United States , serving from 1993 to 2001. Before his election as President, Clinton served nearly 12 years as the 50th and 52nd Governor of Arkansas . His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton , is the junior United States Senator from New York , where they both reside. Clinton founded and heads the William J. Clinton Foundation . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 14 Related miscellanea [PAR] Early life [PAR] William Jefferson Blythe III was born in Hope , Arkansas, and raised in Hot Springs , Arkansas. He was named after his father, William Jefferson Blythe, Jr. , a traveling salesman who died in a car accident three months before he was born. [1] His mother, born Virginia Dell Cassidy (1923\u20131994), remarried in 1950 to Roger Clinton . Roger Clinton owned an automobile dealership business with his brother, Raymond. The young Billy, as he was called, was raised by his mother and stepfather, assuming his last name \"Clinton\" throughout elementary school but not formally changing it until he was 14. Clinton grew up in a traditional, albeit blended, family; however, according to Clinton, his stepfather was a gambler and an alcoholic who regularly abused Clinton's mother and sometimes Clinton's half-brother Roger, Jr. [PAR] Bill Clinton as a child went to St. John's Catholic School and Ramble Elementary School. While at Hot Springs High School , Clinton was an excellent student and a talented saxophonist . He considered dedicating his life to music, but a visit to the White House to meet then-President John F. Kennedy following his election as a Boys Nation Senator led him to pursue a career in politics. Clinton was a member of Youth Order of DeMolay but never actually became a Freemason . [1] [PAR] Clinton received a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (B.S.F.S.) degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. , where he became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega , worked for Senator J. William Fulbright , was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford . While at Oxford, he played rugby union as a lock , and later in life he played for the Little Rock Rugby club in Arkansas. There he also participated in the Vietnam War protest movement . After Oxford, Clinton obtained a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Yale Law School in 1973. While at Yale, he began dating classmate Hillary Rodham . They married in 1975 and their only child, Chelsea , was born in 1980. Clinton is a member of Kappa Kappa Psi National Honorary Band Fraternity, Inc. [PAR] Arkansas political career [PAR] Politician [PAR] In 1974, his first year as a University of Arkansas law professor, Clinton ran for the House of Representatives . The incumbent, John Paul Hammerschmidt , defeated Clinton with 52% of the vote. In 1976, Clinton was elected Attorney General of Arkansas without opposition in the general election. [PAR] In 1978, Bill Clinton was first elected Governor of Arkansas , the youngest to be elected governor since 1938. His first term was fraught with difficulties, including an unpopular motor vehicle tax and popular anger over the escape of Cuban prisoners (from the Mariel boatlift ) detained in Fort Chaffee in 1980. [PAR] In the 1980 election, Clinton"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul McCartney's son speaks of drugs, family rifts and his ... Paul McCartney's son speaks of drugs, family rifts and his 'new mother' - Telegraph [PAR] Celebrity news [PAR] Paul McCartney's son speaks of drugs, family rifts and his 'new mother' [PAR] Paul McCartney\u2019s son James has spoken for the first time about the pair\u2019s former rift, his past drug habit and how he \u201cdidn\u2019t like\u201d stepmother Heather Mills. [PAR] Paul McCartney's son James McCartney at the New York City Ballet gala Photo: Photo by Gary Gershoff/WireImage [PAR] By Hannah Furness [PAR] 12:53PM BST 16 Jun 2013 [PAR] James McCartney, a 35-year-old musician, has disclosed how he had slept in a bed with his father Paul, to cope with the grief of losing his mother Linda. [PAR] He said he now considers Paul\u2019s third wife Nancy Shevall as his \u201cnew mother\u201d, admitting he \u201cdidn\u2019t like\u201d his second, Heather Mills. [PAR] In an interview with the Daily Mail newspaper, he added he has now \u201cre-bonded\u201d with Paul after years of drug-taking, as he admits it was a \u201clittle bit hard\u201d to watch the success of his fashion designer sister, Stella [PAR] It is an unusually candid disclosure for McCartney, who is currently touring America as a musician and claims he has always been \u201cnaturally guarded\u201d as a result of his upbringing. [PAR] Saying he is now ready for people to know the real him, he has now confessed: \u201cIt\u2019s hard to live up to The Beatles. Even Dad found it hard living up to The Beatles.\u201d [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Stars turn out for McCartney reception [PAR] 10 Oct 2011 [PAR] James McCartney, brother to Stella and Mary, a photographer, said he has spent years developing his music and \u201cserving his time\u201d before embarking on a career to \u201cearn his own living\u201d. [PAR] His mother Linda McCartney died after a three-year battle with breast cancer in 1998, when he was 20 years old. [PAR] Speaking of rumours he had slept in a bed with his father for \u201cmonth\u201d after her death, he told the newspaper: \u201cWe were both grieving together. [PAR] \u201cThat first night, in Arizona, when she\u2019d just died I thought it would be too sad for Dad to sleep on his own so I kept him company.\" [PAR] He added he then went into a \u201crough\u201d period where he \u201cgot more and more into drugs\u201d. He is now \u201cseveral months sober\u201d and has \u201cre-bonded\u201d with his family after drifting apart. [PAR] Speaking of his family life, with the new addition of stepmother Nancy Shevall, he said: \u201cNancy\u2019s my new mother. I feel that. Definitely. She\u2019s very genuine. She makes Dad very, very happy. We all adore her.\u201d [PAR] His opinion is in stark contrast to his thoughts on his father\u2019s former wife Heather Mills, who had a daughter Beatrice in 2003. [PAR] \u201cMy relationship with Heather was not very good,\u201d said McCartney. \u201cI didn\u2019t like her. \u201cBut I wouldn\u2019t want to say anything negative about her because she\u2019s a good mother to Beatrice and that\u2019s the most important thing.\u201d [PAR] McCartney has a new album, entitled Me, and is currently touring the US. [PAR] He has previously disclosed he would consider forming a \u201cnext generation\u201d Beatles with the offspring of other band members, saying: \u201c\"I'd be up for it. Sean [Lennon]seemed to be into it, Dhani [Harrison]seemed to be into it. I'd be happy to do it.\"[DOC] [TLE] Paul's Lovely Linda : People.com Paul's Lovely Linda [PAR] Paul's Lovely Linda [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] There were 36 phone messages waiting for freelance music writer Danny Fields when he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] U.S. Open - Tennis Topics - ESPN U.S. Open - Tennis Topics - ESPN [PAR] Past Winners [PAR] The U.S. Open is the final Grand Slam tournament of each season, held in late August and early September at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, N.Y. Having originated in 1881 as the United States National Championship -- a men's-only event -- the tournament now consists of championships in men's and women's singles, as well as men's, women's and mixed doubles. It also hosts junior, senior and wheelchair divisions. [PAR] Currently held on hard courts, the U.S. Open had been played on grass and clay surfaces prior to the event's move to the USTA National Tennis Center (in 1978). In men's and women's singles at the U.S. Open, the final set is determined by a tiebreaker if it reaches six games all. That differs from the other three Grand Slam events in which the deciding set continues on indefinitely until a two-game lead is reached. [PAR] The inaugural U. S. Open was held in 1881 in Newport, R.I. That year, only men's singles was featured, with Richard Sears capturing the championship after a 6-0, 6-3, 6-2 victory over William Glyn in the finals. [PAR] Sears went on to win the singles championship in each of the first seven years the tournament was held. By the time of his last title, women had begun contesting a singles championship at the U. S. Women's National Singles Championship. (Various divisions were held separately as national championship events, before all five major divisions -- men's and women's singles and doubles, plus the mixed doubles -- were consolidated into one tournament in 1968.) [PAR] Throughout its early years, the U. S. Open men's championship was dominated by several players. Oliver Campbell won three straight competitions from 1890 to 1892. Malcolm Whitman won it from 1898 to 1900. William Larned won five titles in a row from 1907 to 1911, while \"Big Bill\" Tilden -- one of the first American superstars in the sport -- won six straight from 1920 to 1925. [PAR] Molla Bjurstedt of Norway captured four straight women's championships from 1915 to 1918. Helen Wills won six times in a seven-year span from 1923 to 1929, and Helen Jacobs claimed four straight during the 1930s. [PAR] The 1930s also saw Fred Perry and Don Budge emerge as international stars, and the two combined to win five of six U.S. men's singles titles between 1933 and 1938. The two met in the 1936 final, an epic match won by Perry after a 10-8 fifth set. That year marked the last time a British man has won the U.S. Open. [PAR] American players proved dominant in the following decade, with Frank Parker, Jack Kramer and Pancho Gonzalez each winning two men's titles during the 1940s. U.S. women won each year between 1938 and 1958, with Pauline Betz winning four times in that period and Margaret Osbourne-Dupont and Maureen Connolly taking three titles each. [PAR] Australians came into prominence in the sport and at the U.S. open during the 1960s. Neale Fraser, Roy Emerson and Rod Laver won multiple men's titles in that decade, while Margaret Smith Court claimed four women's trophies. [PAR] The start of the Open era of tennis in 1968 provided a couple of major surprises at the U.S. Open that year, when all championship divisions were played together at Forest Hills in New York. Arthur Ashe won the men's singles crown -- the first time it was officially termed the \"U.S. Open\" -- defeating Tom Okker of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - Jun 02, 1997 - HISTORY.com [PAR] McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing [PAR] Share this: [PAR] McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing [PAR] Author [PAR] McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Timothy McVeigh, a former U.S. Army soldier, is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. [PAR] On April 19, 1995, just after 9 a.m., a massive truck bomb exploded outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. The blast collapsed the north face of the nine-story building, instantly killing more than 100 people and trapping dozens more in the rubble. Emergency crews raced to Oklahoma City from across the country, and when the rescue effort finally ended two weeks later, the death toll stood at 168 people, including 19 young children who were in the building\u2019s day-care center at the time of the blast. [PAR] On April 21, the massive manhunt for suspects in the worst terrorist attack ever committed on U.S. soil resulted in the capture of Timothy McVeigh, a 27-year-old former U.S. Army soldier who matched an eyewitness description of a man seen at the scene of the crime. On the same day, Terry Nichols, an associate of McVeigh\u2019s, surrendered at Herington, Kansas, after learning that the police were looking for him. Both men were found to be members of a radical right-wing survivalist group based in Michigan, and on August 8, John Fortier, who knew of McVeigh\u2019s plan to bomb the federal building, agreed to testify against McVeigh and Nichols in exchange for a reduced sentence. Two days later, a grand jury indicted McVeigh and Nichols on murder and conspiracy charges. [PAR] While still in his teens, Timothy McVeigh acquired a penchant for guns and began honing survivalist skills he believed would be necessary in the event of a Cold War showdown with the Soviet Union. Lacking direction after high school, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and proved a disciplined and meticulous soldier. It was during this time that he befriended Terry Nichols, a fellow soldier who, though 13 years his senior, shared his survivalist interests. [PAR] In early 1991, McVeigh served in the Persian Gulf War and was decorated with several medals for a brief combat mission. Despite these honors, he was discharged from the army at the end of the year, one of many casualties of the U.S. military downsizing that came after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Perhaps also because of the end of the Cold War, McVeigh shifted his ideology from a hatred of foreign communist governments to a suspicion of the U.S. federal government, especially as its new elected leader, Democrat Bill Clinton, had successfully campaigned for the presidency on a platform of gun control. [PAR] The August 1992 shoot-out between federal agents and survivalist Randy Weaver at his cabin in Idaho, in which Weaver\u2019s wife and son were killed, followed by the April 19, 1993, inferno near Waco, Texas, which killed some 80 Branch Davidians, deeply radicalized McVeigh, Nichols, and their associates. In early 1995, Nichols and McVeigh planned an attack on the federal building in Oklahoma City, which housed, among other federal agencies, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)\u2013the agency that had launched the initial raid on the Branch Davidian compound in 1993. [PAR] On April 19, 1995, the two-year anniversary of the disastrous end to the Waco standoff, McVeigh parked a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Iran-Contra Affair - The Authentic History Center The Iran-Contra Affair [PAR] The Iran-Contra Affair [PAR] Nicaraguan \"Contra\" rebels on Patrol, 1987 [PAR] The foreign-policy scandal known as the Iran-contra affair came to light in November 1986 when President Ronald Reagan confirmed reports that the United States had secretly sold arms to Iran. He stated that the goal was to improve relations with Iran, not to obtain release of U.S. hostages held in the Middle East by terrorists (although he later acknowledged that the arrangement had in fact turned into an arms-for-hostages swap). Outcry against dealings with a hostile Iran was widespread. Later in November, Attorney General. Edwin Meese discovered that some of the arms profits had been diverted to aid the Nicaraguan \"contra\" rebels at a time when Congress had prohibited such aid. An independent special prosecutor, former federal judge Lawrence E. Walsh, was appointed to probe the [PAR] activities of persons involved in the arms sale or contra aid or both. [PAR] Reagan appointed a review board headed by former Republican senator John Tower. The Tower Commission's report in February 1987 criticized the president's passive management style. In a nationally televised address on March 4, Reagan accepted that judgment without serious disagreement. Reagan said: [PAR] A few months ago I told the American people I did not trade arms for hostages. My heart and my best intentions still tell me that's true, but the facts and the evidence tell me it is not. [PAR] Fawn Hall testifying, 6/9/87 [PAR] Congressional Hearings: May-August 1987 [PAR] Select Congressional committees conducted joint televised hearings from May to August. They heard evidence that a few members of the NSC staff set Iran and Nicaragua policies and carried them out with secret private operatives, that the few officials who knew about these policies lied to congress and others, and that the contras received only a small part of the diverted money. Former national security advisor John Poindexter stated that he personally authorized the diversion of money and withheld that information from the president. William J. Casey, former director of the Central Intelligence Agency, who died in May 1987, was implicated in some testimony, but the extent of his involvement remained unclear. Most interesting to American viewers of the televised congressional hearings was the testimony of [PAR] National Security Council staffer Marine Lieutenant Cololonel Oliver North, and his secretary Fawn Hall. Hall testified on June 8 and 9, 1987, and North testified from July 7 to July 14. Both became nationally known. So many viewers considered North's demeanor to be so professional and patriotic that he became somewhat of a national hero. Not all the popular culture about Oliver North, however, is supportive. Whenever President Reagan shows up in the Iran-Contra pop culture, it is always in the context of questioning the credibility of his stated knowledge of actions of his subordinates. [PAR] [PAR] Walsh Findings and Penalties [PAR] Following the hearings, Special Prosecutor Walsh continued his investigation. On March 11, 1988, Poindexter's predecessor as national security advisor, Robert McFarlane, pleaded guilty to criminal charges of withholding information from Congress on secret aid to the contras. A year later McFarlane was fined $20,000 and given two years' probation. On March 16, 1988, a federal grand jury indicted North, Poindexter, and two other persons on a number of charges including conspiracy to defraud the U.S. government. The trials were delayed by legal maneuvering that in part involved questions of releasing secret information. [PAR] During North's Fawn Hall testified extensively about helping North alter, shred, and remove official United States NSC documents from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blake Edwards - Biography - IMDb Blake Edwards - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Blake Edwards [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 41 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (28) | Personal Quotes (3) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] Blackie [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Blake Edwards' stepfather's father J. Gordon Edwards was a silent screen director, and his stepfather Jack McEdward was a stage director and movie production manager. Blake acted in a number films, beginning with Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942) and wrote a number of others, beginning with Panhandle (1948) and including six for director Richard Quine . He created the popular TV series Peter Gunn (1958), Mr. Lucky (1959) and Dante (1960). He directed a diverse body of films, from comedies to dramas to war films to westerns, including such pictures as Operation Petticoat (1959), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Experiment in Terror (1962), Days of Wine and Roses (1962), The Pink Panther (1963) and A Shot in the Dark (1964). After The Great Race (1965) he began fighting with studios. In England he surfaced again with The Return of the Pink Panther (1975), then went back to Hollywood and a real hit, 10 (1979). Victor Victoria (1982) won him French and Italian awards for Best Foreign Film. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan <stephan@cc.wwu.edu> [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Grandson of silent screen director J. Gordon Edwards . [PAR] Was the original writer and director on City Heat (1984). He stepped aside as director after creative differences with star Clint Eastwood . [PAR] When asked, \"If you could work with one actor for the rest of your career, who would it be?\" he answered, in a heartbeat, \" Jack Lemmon .\". [PAR] Met actor David Niven , when Edwards was writing and directing films for Four Star Television, a production company partly owned by Niven. [PAR] The Honorary Oscar Award that he received in 2004 was presented to him by personal fan Jim Carrey . [PAR] Met wife-to-be Julie Andrews after she'd heard that he once described her as being, \"...so sweet she probably has violets between her legs.\" Andrews was so entertained by the remark she sent Edwards a bunch of violets accompanied by a note. They began dating and later married. [PAR] As of 2007, he is one of six directors who has directed his wife to a Best Actress Oscar nomination ( Julie Andrews in Victor Victoria (1982)). The other five are Joel Coen directing Frances McDormand in Fargo (1996), John Cassavetes directing Gena Rowlands in A Woman Under the Influence (1974) & Gloria (1980), Richard Brooks directing Jean Simmons in The Happy Ending (1969), Paul Czinner directing Elisabeth Bergner in Escape Me Never (1935) and Paul Newman directing Joanne Woodward in Rachel, Rachel (1968). Jules Dassin also directed his future wife Melina Mercouri in an Oscar-nominated performance ( Never on Sunday (1960)), but they weren't married yet at the time of the nomination. [PAR] He has two great-grandchildren, Shaely and Kaden, from granddaughter Kayti. [PAR] Daughter, Amy Edwards , married rock musician Lauren Scheff on October 24, 2004. They are now divorced. [PAR] His grandchildren are: Kayti and Hannah Schneider, from daughter Jennifer Edwards ; Isabelle and Hank, from son Geoffrey Edwards ; Max Scheff, from daughter Amy Edwards ; and Sam and Hope, from stepdaughter Emma Walton . [PAR] His son, Geoffrey Edwards , was once married to Denise Crosby , Bing Crosby 's granddaughter. [PAR] Was one of the first directors to employ"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Jacob Astor and Waldorf Astor MP Passengers on the ... John Jacob Astor and Waldorf Astor MP Passengers on the Titanic and Olympic | Encyclopedia Titanica Message Board [PAR] Encyclopedia Titanica Message Board [PAR] This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Learn More. [PAR] John Jacob Astor and Waldorf Astor MP Passengers on the Titanic and Olympic [PAR] Stuart Kelly Member [PAR] Hi there, [PAR] I saw from the Times of 21 September 1911 that one of the Olympic's passengers at the time of the collision with HMS Hawke in the Solent was a Mr Waldorf Astor, then a Conservative member of the House of Commons. I wonder if he is any relation to John Jacob Astor who, as we all know, went down with the Olympic's sister ship? With a name like Waldorf, I recokon it cannot be mere co-incidence. [PAR] The Times report also, prophetically, says that the Olympic is insured for a million pounds and that her watertight compartments don't make her immune from loss. It remarks that the effect of the sinking of the Republic in 1909 to London's insurance markets would be: [PAR] \"a fleabite as compared with what would have happened had the Olympic seriously come to grief in the Atlantic\" [PAR] One wonders if someone somewhere had a crystal ball? [PAR] Stuart [PAR] Eliza 1801-1838), [PAR] and an unnamed son (1802, died). [PAR] Fourth child and second son William Backhouse Astor was the grandfather of John Jacob Astor IV, who died on the Titanic, and William Waldorf Astor, who founded the British line of Astors and was the father of the the member of Parliament Waldolf Astor. [PAR] Here are the 7 children of William Backhouse Astor (1792-1875) and his wife Margaret Rebecca Armstrong: [PAR] Emily (1819-1841), [PAR] John Jacob Astor III (1822-1890), [PAR] Laura (1824-1902), who married Franklin H. Delano, and became the aunt of Sarah Delano, the mother of FDR, [PAR] Mary Alida (1826-1881), [PAR] William Backhouse Astor, Jr (1830-1892), [PAR] Henry Astor (1830-1918), [PAR] and Sarah (1832, died). [PAR] Their oldest son John Jacob Astor III married Charlotte Augusta Gibbes and they had one son, William Waldorf Astor (First Viscount). [PAR] JJA III's brother William Backhouse Astor, Jr. married Caroline Webster Schermerhorn and they had five children: [PAR] Emily (1854-1881), [PAR] Caroline Schermerhorn (1861-1948), [PAR] and John Jacob Astor IV (1864-1912) who died on Titanic. [PAR] William Waldorf Astor (First Viscount), cousin of JJA IV, married Mary Dahlgreen Paul and they had five children: [PAR] Waldorf Astor (Second Viscount) (1879-1952), [PAR] Pauline (1880-1972), [PAR] John Rudolph Astor (1881, died), [PAR] John Jacob Astor V (Baron Astor of Hever) (1886-1971), [PAR] and Gwendolyn Enid (1889-1902). [PAR] It was William Waldorf Astor who established the English line of Astors. After a bitter argument with his cousin Caroline (JJA IV's older sister), William moved his family to England in 1891. He became an English citizen in 1899. [PAR] Son Waldorf Astor (Second Viscount), the nephew of JJA IV, was Oxford educated. He married the beautiful Nancy Langhorne in 1906. He became a member of the House of Commons from Plymouth in 1910 and in 1916 he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Prime Minister Lloyd George. His political career soon stalled, however. [PAR] In 1919 his wife Nancy ran for the Parliamnent from Plymouth and became the first woman in the House of Commons. [PAR] The Astor line is often confusing. Note that JJA II had no children, while his brother William Backhouse Astor was the father of JJA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ... How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role, and Won He | Vanity Fair [PAR] Meryl Streep, photographed by Brigitte Lacombe in 1988. [PAR] Photograph by Brigitte Lacombe. [PAR] On March 12, 1978, the man Meryl Streep had been dating for nearly two years died as she sat at his hospital bed. She had met John Cazale, the crane-like character actor best known for playing Fredo Corleone in the Godfather films, when they starred together in a Shakespeare in the Park production of Measure for Measure in the summer of 1976. From the beginning, they were an unusual pair: a pellucid 27-year-old beauty just a year out of the Yale School of Drama and a 41-year-old oddball with a forehead as high as a boulder and a penchant for Cuban cigars. [PAR] But the romance was tragically short-lived. Only months after she moved into his Tribeca loft, Cazale was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. When he was cast in the Vietnam epic The Deer Hunter, Meryl joined the film, in part, just to be with him. Cazale didn\u2019t live to see the completed work. A few weeks after he died, Meryl\u2019s brother helped her pack up her belongings. He brought along a friend she had met once or twice\u2014a sculptor named Don Gummer, who lived a few blocks away, in SoHo. Only weeks after losing the love of her life, she had found the second love of her life, the man who would become her husband. [PAR] It was this Meryl Streep\u2014simultaneously grieving and infatuated, a theater actress new to movies\u2014who got word from her agent, Sam Cohn, about a possible role in Kramer vs. Kramer, based on a novel by Avery Corman. Corman wanted to counteract the \u201ctoxic rhetoric\u201d he had been hearing from feminists, who he felt lumped all men together as \u201ca whole bunch of bad guys,\u201d he says now. His protagonist was Ted Kramer, a thirtysomething workaholic New Yorker who sells ad space for men\u2019s magazines. He has a wife, Joanna, and a little boy named Billy. In the early chapters, their marriage is portrayed as superficially content, with wells of ennui underneath. [PAR] The problem is Joanna Kramer, who finds motherhood, by and large, \u201cboring.\u201d She starts taking tennis lessons. Sex with Ted is mechanical. About 50 pages in, Joanna informs Ted that she\u2019s \u201csuffocating.\u201d She\u2019s leaving him, and she\u2019s leaving Billy. (\u201cFeminists will applaud me,\u201d she says.) Ted overcomes his shock and gets back into the swing of single life. More important, he learns how to be a good father. It is then that Joanna does the unthinkable: she returns from California and tells Ted she wants Billy back. The ensuing custody battle, which gives the novel its title, lays bare the ugliness of divorce proceedings and the wounds they allow people to inflict on each other. [PAR] Before Kramer vs. Kramer even hit the bookstores, the manuscript fell into the hands of Richard Fischoff, a young film executive who had just accepted a job with the producer Stanley Jaffe. Ted and Joanna Kramer, Fischoff thought, were like Benjamin and Elaine in The Graduate 10 years later, after their impulsive union has collapsed from the inside. The movie would be a kind of generational marker, tracking the baby-boomers from the heedlessness of young adulthood to the angst of middle adulthood. No one was yet calling people like the Kramers \u201cyuppies,\u201d but their defining neuroses were already in place. [PAR] Jaffe took the novel to the director Robert Benton, best known for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Babrak Karmal [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Babrak Karmal [PAR] 27 December 1979 \u2013 24 November 1986 [PAR] Prime Minister [PAR] 3rd Prime Minister of Democratic Republic of Afghanistan [PAR] In office [PAR] 27 December 1979 \u2013 11 June 1981 [PAR] Preceded by [PAR] Afghanistan Portal [PAR] v \u2022 d \u2022 e [PAR] Babrak Karmal (6 January 1929 \u2013 1 or 3 December 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan . He is the best known of the Marxist leadership. [PAR] Having been restored to power with Soviet support, he was unable to consolidate his power and, in 1986, he was replaced by Dr. Mohammad Najibullah . He left Afghanistan for Moscow , where he died in 1996. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 7 External links [PAR] Early years [PAR] The son of a well-connected army general, although born into a wealthy family in the village of Kamari (east of Kabul ), Babrak Karmal lived in hardship following the death of his mother. [PAR] He was an indifferent student in high school and in the law school of Kabul University , quickly gained a reputation as an orator and activist in the university\u2019s student union in 1951. He became involved in Marxist political activities while a student at Kabul University , and was imprisoned for five years as a result. [PAR] In prison, Karmal was befriended by a fellow inmate, Mir Akbar Khyber . A third inmate, Mier Mohammad Siddiq Farhang, initiated both to pro-Moscow leftist views. After graduation he entered the Ministry of Planning, keeping in close touch with those who had special knowledge on communism, among them Mier Mohammad Siddiq Farhang and Ali Mohammad Zahma, a professor at Kabul University. [PAR] Political career [PAR] On 1 January 1965 the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was founded in Kabul, with Karmal serving as one of its twenty-eight founding members in its founding congress. Karmal was appointed its Secretary. As a result, he was elected and served in the quasi-democratic National Assembly of Afghanistan from 1965 until 1973 during the constitutional monarchy of King Zahir Shah . Karmal is known for his revolutionary and open speeches in the parliament against the ruling classes. In most of his parliamentary speeches, Karmal urged the people of Afghanistan to unite and stand up against the ruling classes and fight the status quo. Karmal and a few of his other comrades in the National Assembly, represented the only leftist group at the time. [PAR] In 1967, when the party split into the Khalq and the Parcham factions, Karmal became the leader of the more moderate Parcham faction. When Mohammed Daoud Khan overthrew the monarchy and instituted the Republic, Karmal was asked by President Daoud to share power with him. Karmal replied that he needed to consult his with comrades on this issue and inform Daoud later. However, he never returned and did not serve in Daoud's government, though some of the people who did serve eventually assumed important positions in Karmal's government. [PAR] The factions reunited in 1977, and in April 1978 seized control of Afghanistan through a military coup. Karmal was initially"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Bands of the 60s - Top Ten List - TheTopTens\u00ae Best Bands of the 60s - Top Ten List - TheTopTens\u00ae [PAR] Best Bands of the 60s [PAR] rock2metal [PAR] The Top Ten [PAR] 1 The Beatles [PAR] The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. The members consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They were soon known as the foremost and most influential act of rock era. Rooted in skiffle, beat, and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented ... read more . [PAR] This guys totally deserve it. And yes they are what we call THE LEGENDS even till now in the 21st century. Their music is apart of my life. They're new awesome bands out there that is really good, but nothing can beat The Beatles. My dad always plays While my guitar gently weeps and hey jude on the radio in the car and it has been apart of my life ever since I was a little girl. All I want to say is this are real musician and that is it. Thanks guys [PAR] The Beatles are the best! I love everything from Please Please Me to Rubber Soul to Sgt. Pepper to Abbey Road. John Paul George Ringo were the best thing ever! They are the only band from the 60s that continues to sell and inspire people. You can't say that about too many bands these days. [PAR] Yay Beatles is number one This band totally deserves the top spot. They completely rule the sixties! I wanna see this band stay up here [PAR] Only one word can describe them is: Amazing! [PAR] V 68 Comments [PAR] 2 The Rolling Stones [PAR] The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first settled line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Ian Stewart (piano), Mick Jagger (lead vocals, harmonica), Keith Richards (guitar), Bill Wyman (bass) and Charlie Watts (drums). ... read more . [PAR] The Rolling Stones are my favorite band of the British Invasion and probably of all time. All the music now is nothing compared to bands like the Stones. I like their early music better than their older music though. My favorite songs that the stones released are satisfaction, wild horses, sympathy for the devil, paint it black, and especially gimme shelter. The Rolling Stones made a lot of good songs with other music artists and singers like Merry Clayton. The Rolling Stones will always be my favorites even though the Beatles are probably the greatest. [PAR] How can the stones be behind Led Zeppelin here? Granted Led Zeppelin are amazing but they only really started at the end of the 60's where as the Stones were well established. The Stones should be second here with great albums such as beggars banquet and let it bleed and especially their legendary tours of 1969! [PAR] To me the Rolling Stones represented the \"bad guys\" verse the Beatles being the \"groomed and prepped good guys\". I have always considered myself a rebel and that's why the Stones will always be the greatest band to me. Although the Beatles were a much broader and innovative band, the Stones still have the beat. You can always tell their music when you hear the riff from good ole Keith. [PAR] I like them better than the beatles because they play hard rock while most beatles songs are soft and old timey. The stones are just a better band with better songs. [PAR] V 17 Comments [PAR] 3 The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anne Sullivan - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays Anne Sullivan - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays [PAR] Famous Birthdays [PAR] Teacher who famously broke through to Helen Keller and taught her how to read and write. [PAR] BEFORE FAME [PAR] She studied at the Perkins School for the Blind. [PAR] TRIVIA [PAR] She lost most of her eyesight at age twenty, which made it easy for her to relate to her famous pupil, Helen Keller . [PAR] FAMILY LIFE [PAR] She married Harvard instructor John Albert Macy in May of 1905; the couple separated in 1914. [PAR] ASSOCIATED WITH[DOC] [TLE] Women's History Month: Anne Sullivan's Impact on Education Women's History Month: Anne Sullivan's Impact on Education [PAR] Reference Material [PAR] For Anne Sullivan, education was a way to escape blindness and grief. It was her background and schooling that provided the tools she needed to engage one of history\u2019s most famous students. Perhaps no woman, no teacher, has ever done a better job of reaching a pupil than Anne Sullivan. Because of her skills and determination, Anne Sullivan and her student Helen Keller are forever linked in history. [PAR] Being able to reach a deaf and blind six-year-old girl when she herself was only 20 was just the start of Sullivan\u2019s impact on education. Let\u2019s take a look back on Anne Sullivan\u2019s life, her relationship with Helen Keller, and her lasting impact on education. [PAR] Anne Sullivan\u2019s early life [PAR] Sullivan\u2019s educational influence is even more remarkable when one takes a look at her early life. Anne Sullivan was born to Irish immigrants in 1866 in Massachusetts. Her parents were poor, her father an abusive alcoholic. She was nearly blind by the age of 7 due to untreated trachoma, and her mother died when she was 8. Anne\u2019s father abandoned her and her younger brother two years later and they were sent to a state institution, where her brother died shortly afterwards. It was here Sullivan spent the next four years, hot tempered, bitter, uneducated, and still blind after two unsuccessful eye operations. [PAR] At 14, after pleading with a visiting state official, she was allowed to leave the confines of the state institution and enter the Perkins School for the Blind, in Boston, where she eagerly learned to read, write and use the manual alphabet. After a few more eye operations, Sullivan\u2019s eyesight improved, and she graduated from Perkins as class valedictorian in 1886. [PAR] Sullivan and Helen Keller [PAR] Shortly after graduation, 20-year-old Anne Sullivan accepted an offer from the Keller family of Tuscumbia, Ala., to tutor their daughter. The girl was 6 years old, blind, deaf, and mute. Her name was Helen. [PAR] Helen, like a younger Anne, was headstrong and rebellious. It didn\u2019t take long however, for Sullivan to gain the confidence of the child, and soon she was teaching Helen manual words by associating them with the everyday things around them. Over the next 13 years, Sullivan would be Keller\u2019s teacher, mentor, and friend. [PAR] In 1900, Anne Sullivan returned to Massachusetts, this time to enroll her student into Radcliffe College. Sullivan and Keller attended classes together, with Sullivan spelling into Keller\u2019s hand each lecture and assignment. [PAR] Sullivan married John Albert Macy in 1905 and although the two separated a few years later, they were never divorced. In the years that ensued, Sullivan would spend time with Keller and her secretary Polly Thomson. The three gave lectures and even appeared in vaudeville. In 1924, Sullivan and Keller began to devote time to the American Foundation for the Blind. [PAR] Anne"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Debbie Reynolds [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 64 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (41) | Personal Quotes (10) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 2\" (1.57 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Debbie Reynolds was born Mary Frances Reynolds in El Paso, Texas, the second child of Maxine N. (Harmon) and Raymond Francis Reynolds, a carpenter for the Southern Pacific Railroad. Her film career began at MGM after she won a beauty contest at age 16 impersonating Betty Hutton . Reynolds wasn't a dancer until she was selected to be Gene Kelly 's partner in Singin' in the Rain (1952). Not yet twenty, she was a quick study. Twelve years later, it seemed like she had been around forever. Most of her early film work was in MGM musicals, as perky, wholesome young women. She continues to use her dancing skills with stage work. [PAR] She was 31 when she gave an Academy Award-nominated performance in The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964). She survived losing first husband Eddie Fisher to Elizabeth Taylor following the tragic death of Michael Todd . Her second husband, shoe magnate Harry Karl , gambled away his fortune as well as hers. With her children as well as Karl's, she had to keep working and turned to the stage. She had her own casino in Las Vegas with a home for her collection of Hollywood memorabilia until its closure in 1997. She took the time to personally write a long letter that is on display in the Judy Garland museum in Grand Rapids, Minnesota and to provide that museum with replicas of Garland's costumes. The originals are in her newly-opened museum in Hollywood. [PAR] Nearly all the money she makes is spent toward her goal of creating a Hollywood museum. Her collection numbers more than 3000 costumes and 46,000 square-feet worth of props and equipment. [PAR] With musician/actor Eddie Fisher , she was the mother of filmmaker Todd Fisher and actress Carrie Fisher . Debbie died of a stroke on December 28, 2016, one day after the death of her daughter Carrie. She was survived by her son and granddaughter, up-and-coming actress Billie Lourd . [PAR] Mother of Carrie Fisher and Todd Fisher . [PAR] She appeared as Dan's mother, fresh out of the mental ward, during an episode of the sitcom Roseanne (1988). When she later appeared on Roseanne Barr 's talk show, she revealed that during the filming of that episode, while she and Roseanne were wrestling in the back yard, Roseanne, quite unknowingly, accidentally broke one of her ribs. [PAR] In 1984, with friends like Shelley Winters and Terry Moore , she made a rather restrained exercise video for \"women of a certain age\". [PAR] Won the 1948 Miss Burbank contest and was offered a screen test by Warner Bros. the day after her win. She initially entered the contest because everyone who entered received a silk scarf, blouse and free lunch. [PAR] Ex-mother-in-law of Paul Simon . [PAR] She made her first appearance at the Hollywood Collectors & Celebrities Show on April 6th and 7th, 2002, at Beverly Garland 's Holiday Inn in North Hollywood, California. [PAR] In 1975 she sold the Beverly Hills mansion she had lived in with Harry Karl . The house was reputed to be worth over $1,000,000. The buyer was Jim Randall , an industrialist who made aircraft rivets. When he married Marisa Berenson , the wedding"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amelia Earhart - About.com Education Amelia Earhart [PAR] Amelia Earhart [PAR] Amelia Earhart [PAR] Famous Female Aviator [PAR] Studio headshot portrait of American aviator Amelia Earhart, the first woman to complete a solo transatlantic flight, wearing a leather jacket. (circa 1932). (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] By Dani Alexis Ryskamp, Contributing Writer [PAR] Updated November 02, 2015. [PAR] Who Was Amelia Earhart? [PAR] As a pilot, Amelia Earhart set many world flying records. She became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean and the first person to make a solo flight across both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Earhart also set several height and speed records in an airplane. [PAR] Despite all these records, Amelia Earhart is perhaps best remembered for her mysterious disappearance, which has become one of the enduring mysteries of the 20th century. While attempting to become the first woman to fly around the world, she disappeared on July 2, 1937 while heading toward Howland's Island. [PAR] Dates: July 24, 1897 -- July 2, 1937(?) [PAR] Also Known As: Amelia Mary Earhart, Lady Lindy [PAR] Amelia Earhart\u2019s Childhood [PAR] Amelia Mary Earhart was born in her maternal grandparents\u2019 home in Atchison, Kansas, on July 24, 1897 to Amy and Edwin Earhart. Although Edwin was a lawyer, he never earned the approval of Amy\u2019s parents, Judge Alfred Otis and his wife, Amelia. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] In 1899, two-and-a-half years after Amelia\u2019s birth, Edwin and Amy welcomed another daughter, Grace Muriel, into the world. [PAR] Amelia Earhart spent much of her early childhood living with her Otis grandparents in Atchison during the school months and then spending her summers with her parents. Earhart\u2019s early life was filled with outdoor adventures combined with the etiquette lessons expected of upper-middle-class girls of her day. [PAR] Amelia (known as \u201cMillie\u201d in her youth) and her sister Grace Muriel (known as \u201cPidge\u201d) loved to play together, especially outdoors. After visiting the World\u2019s Fair in St. Louis in 1904 , Amelia decided she wanted to build her own mini roller coaster in her backyard. Enlisting Pidge to help, the two built a homemade roller coaster on the roof of the tool shed, using planks, a wooden box, and lard for grease. Amelia took the first ride, which ended with a crash and some bruises \u2013 but she loved it. [PAR] By 1908, Edwin Earhart had closed his private law firm and was working as a lawyer for a railroad in Des Moines, Iowa; thus, it was time for Amelia to move back in with her parents. That same year, her parents took her to the Iowa State Fair where 10-year-old Amelia saw an airplane for the very first time. Surprisingly, the airplane didn\u2019t interest her. [PAR] Problems at Home [PAR] At first, life in Des Moines seemed to be going well for the Earhart family; however, it soon became obvious that Edwin had started to heavily drink alcohol. When his alcoholism got worse, Edwin eventually lost his job in Iowa and had trouble finding another. [PAR] In 1915, with the promise of a job with the Great Northern Railway in St. Paul, Minnesota, the Earhart family packed up their belongings and moved. However, the job fell through once they got there. Tired of her husband\u2019s alcoholism and the family\u2019s increasing money troubles, Amy Earhart moved herself and her daughters to Chicago, leaving their father behind in Minnesota. Edwin and Amy eventually divorced in 1924. [PAR] Due to her family\u2019s frequent moves, Amelia Earhart switched high"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billy Ocean - Biography - IMDb Billy Ocean - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Billy Ocean [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] Leslie Sebastian Charles [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Billy Ocean was born on January 21, 1950 in Trinidad, British West Indies as Leslie Sebastian Charles. He has been married to Judy Bayne since October 1982. They have three children. [PAR] Spouse (1)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 ... O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 \u2013 Discover Texas History [PAR] RSS [PAR] O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 [PAR] September 11, 1862 \u2013 Birthday of Austin resident and short story writer, William Sydney Porter better known as O. Henry. [PAR] Porter was born North Carolina and moved to Austin, Texas in 1884. In Austin Porter worked as a draftsman for the general land office and later as a teller for the First National Bank. Porter left the bank a few years later and founded the Rolling Stone, a weekly humor newspaper. The newspaper was not successful and he became a columnist for the Houston Daily Post. [PAR] In 1898 Porter was found guilty of embezzlement during his employment at the First National Bank in Austin and sentenced to five years in prison. While in prison Porter wrote dozens of short stories. [PAR] On or about 1901, Porter was released from prison and changed his name to O. Henry to hide his true identity. Porter moved to New York City where he published over 300 short stories and was fondly thought to be America\u2019s favorite short story writer. [PAR] Porter was an alcoholic and penniless when he died on June 5, 1910 at the age of forty-seven.[DOC] [TLE] William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography ... William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography - Poem Hunter [PAR] William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography - Poem Hunter [PAR] Biography [PAR] Biography of William Sydney Porter [PAR] William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 \u2013 June 5, 1910), better known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American writer. O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization and clever twist endings. [PAR] William Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. His middle name at birth was Sidney; he changed the spelling to Sydney in 1898. His parents were Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter (1825\u20131888), a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter (1833\u20131865). They were married on April 20, 1858. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved into the home of his maternal grandmother. As a child, Porter was always reading, everything from classics to dime novels; his favorite works were Lane's translation of One Thousand and One Nights, and Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. [PAR] Porter graduated from his aunt Evelina Maria Porter's elementary school in 1876. He then enrolled at the Lindsey Street High School. His aunt continued to tutor him until he was fifteen. In 1879, he started working in his uncle's drugstore and in 1881, at the age of nineteen, he was licensed as a pharmacist. At the drugstore, he also showed off his natural artistic talents by sketching the townsfolk."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire [PAR] 1600's to 1700's The British, Dutch, Portuguese and French merchants exploited the slave trade. [PAR] 1870s The Belgian King Leopold II set up a private venture to colonise the Congo. [PAR] [PAR] 1874-77 The British explorer Henry Stanley navigated the Congo river to the Atlantic Ocean. [PAR] 1879-87 King Leopold II commissioned Henry Stanley to establish the King's authority in the Congo basin. [PAR] 1884-85 European countries at a Conference in Berlin recognised King Leopold's claim to the Congo basin. [PAR] [PAR] 1885 King Leopold II announced the establishment of the \u2018Congo Free State\u2019, to be headed by himself. [PAR] 1891-92 Belgian troops conquered the state of Katanga. [PAR] [PAR] 1892-94 The Eastern Congo is taken from the control of East African Arabs and Swahili-speaking traders. [PAR] [PAR] 1908 The Belgian state annexed the Congo amid protests over killings and atrocities carried out on a mass scale by Leopold's agents. Millions of Congolese were said to have been killed or worked to death during Leopold's control of the territory. [PAR] [PAR] 1955 Belgian Professor Antoin van Bilsen published a \"30-Year Plan\" for granting the Congo increased self-government. [PAR] [PAR] 1959 Belgium begins to lose control over events in the Congo following serious nationalist riots in Leopoldville by now renamed Kinshasa. [PAR] 15th March 1960 Martial Law is proclaimed. [PAR] 30th June 1960 The Republic of Congo gained its independence from Belgium. Patrice Lumumba became the countries first prime minister while Joseph Kasavubu was made president. [PAR] 11th July 1960 The copper rich state of Katanga secedes from the rest of the country. [PAR] 15th July1960 The Congolese army mutinies and Moise Tshombe declared Katanga to be independent. Belgian troops were sent in to protect Belgian citizens and mining interests. The United Nations Security Council voted to send troops to help establish law and order in the country, however the troops were not allowed to intervene in internal affairs (they left in 1964). [PAR] [PAR] 14th September 1960 Colonel Joseph Desire Mobutu, the army's 29-year-old chief of staff, lead a coup to break up a power struggle between President Joseph Kasavubu and Premier Patrice Lumumba, and arrested Lumumba after President Kasavubu had dismissed him as prime minister. [PAR] November 1960 Congolese and United Nations troops clashed. [PAR] January 1961 Colonel Joseph Desire Mobutu returned power of the country to Joseph Kasavubu. [PAR] 17th January 1961 Patrice Lumumba was handed over to the Katanga rebels and murdered. Fierce fighting broke out between the United Nations troops and pro Lumumba supporters. Evidence later emerged connecting Colonel Joseph Desire Mobutu and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to Lumumba's murder. However, Belgium also played a part in Lumumba\u2019s death. [PAR] 22nd January 1961 Belgian paratroops flew into Stanleyville to rescue European settlers. [PAR] February 1961 A federation was formed of all the sovereign states, replacing the existing republic. [PAR] August 1961 Cyrille Adoula was appointed prime minister of the country. [PAR] August 1961 United Nation troops began disarming Katangese soldiers. [PAR] September 1961 United Nations troops for the second time tried to crush the Katangan rebels. [PAR] 18th September 1961 Dag Hammarskjold Secretary General of the United Nations, died in an air crash as he flew out of the country. [PAR] 31st October 1961 A third attempt was mounted by United Nation troops to once again try and crush the Katangan rebels. [PAR] 29th December 1962 United Nation troops occupied the Katangan capital city Elizabethville. [PAR] 1st"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins Biography Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins Biography [PAR] Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins Biography [PAR] Youth [PAR] Self portrait [PAR] Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins was born and lived most of his life in Philadelphia. He was the first child of Caroline Cowperthwait Eakins, a woman of English and Dutch descent, and Benjamin Eakins, a writing master and calligraphy teacher of Scots-Irish ancestry. Benjamin Eakins grew up on a farm in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, the son of a weaver. He was successful in his chosen profession, and moved to Philadelphia in the early 1840s to raise his family. Thomas Eakins observed his father at work and by twelve demonstrated skill in precise line drawing, perspective, and the use of a grid to lay out a careful design, skills he later applied to his art. [PAR] He was an athletic child who enjoyed rowing, ice skating, swimming, wrestling, sailing, and gymnastics-activities he later painted and encouraged in his students. Eakins attended Central High School, the premier public school for applied science and arts in the city, where he excelled in mechanical drawing. He studied drawing and anatomy at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts beginning in 1861, and attended courses in anatomy and dissection at Jefferson Medical College from 1864-65. For a while, he followed his father's profession and was listed in city directories as a \"writing teacher\". His scientific interest in the human body led him to consider becoming a surgeon. Eakins then studied art in Europe from 1866 to 1870, notably in Paris with Jean-Leon Gerome, being only the second American pupil of the French realist painter famous as a master of Orientalism. He also attended the atelier of Leon Bonnat, a realist painter who emphasized anatomical preciseness, a method adapted by Eakins. While studying at L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts, he seems to have taken scant interest in the new Impressionist movement, nor was he impressed by what he perceived as the classical pretensions of the French Academy. A letter home to his father in 1868 made his aesthetic clear: [PAR] \"She [the female nude] is the most beautiful thing there is in the world except a naked man, but I never yet saw a study of one exhibited ... It would be a godsend to see a fine man model painted in the studio with the bare walls, alongside of the smiling smirking goddesses of waxy complexion amidst the delicious arsenic green trees and gentle wax flowers & purling streams running melodious up & down the hills especially up. I hate affectation.\" [PAR] Already at age 24, \"Nudity and verity were linked with an unusual closeness in his mind.\" Yet his desire for truthfulness was more expansive, and the letters home to Philadelphia reveal a passion for realism that included, but was not limited to, the study of the figure. [PAR] A trip to Spain for six months confirmed his admiration for the realism of artists such as Diego Velazquez and Jusepe de Ribera. In Seville in 1870 he painted Carmelita Requena, a portrait of a seven year old gypsy dancer more freely and colorfully painted than his Paris studies. That same year he attempted his first large oil painting, A Street Scene in Seville, wherein he first dealt with the complications of a scene observed outside the studio. Although he failed to matriculate and showed no works in the salons, Eakins succeeded in absorbing the techniques and methods of French and Spanish masters, and he began to formulate his artistic vision which he demonstrated in his first major painting upon his return to America. \"I shall seek to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Most Important Astronomers - Listverse Top 10 Most Important Astronomers - Listverse [PAR] Top 10 Most Important Astronomers [PAR] Eduardo Jaramillo [PAR] September 8, 2011 [PAR] Since the very dawn of humankind, our species has looked out upon the cosmos in awe of the glory of the heavens above. While the spectacular views offered by our night sky haven\u2019t changed a great deal over the eons, our understanding of them has. Knowledge of our universe has gradually expanded over the last few thousand years thanks to the efforts of astronomers through the ages. We know what we do about the universe today thanks to the discoveries of all of these astronomers, the ten most important of whom are listed here. [PAR] 10 [PAR] Charles Messier [PAR] Charles Messier was a French astronomer who was obsessed with discovering and studying comets and their orbits. However, his search for the elusive comets ended up leading him to create one of the most famous catalogues of deep sky objects. He realized these deep sky objects could distract other comet-chasers, and so he decided to distinguish them as immobile objects in the night sky. The resulting catalogue, published in 1774 when the astronomer was 44 years old, contains over one hundred deep sky objects, including nebulae and galaxies. Being among the most beautiful objects in the night sky, you most likely have seen images of many of them taken by high aperture telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope. Along with being among the first to catalogue these wonderful objects, Messier was also successful in discovering thirteen comets. [PAR] 9 [PAR] Ptolemy [PAR] Ptolemy was an Egyptian astronomer, geographer and mathematician of Greek ancestry. He lived from 90 to 168 AD, and was the last great astronomer before the known world\u2019s descent into the Dark Ages. He is important for preserving the Greek astronomer Hipparchus\u2019 star catalogue, which he included in his astronomical magnum opus, Amalgest. The Amalgest was the most important astronomical text in existence for close to fifteen hundred years after the death of Ptolemy, and because of this, its author gained a near legendary status. He also included in his work a set of tables (known almost comically as the Handy Tables), which made it much easier to calculate the positions of the planets, the sun and the moon, the rising and setting of the stars, and the dates of lunar and solar eclipses. Without Ptolemy\u2019s preservation of Hipparchus\u2019 work, and his own advances in the field of astronomy, much of the astronomical work done during the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution may not have been possible. [PAR] 8 [PAR] Tycho Brahe [PAR] Tycho Brahe, whose defining physical characteristic was no doubt his metallic nose (he lost his real one in a duel), was a famed Danish astronomer. Up until his observations, which occurred largely in the late 1500s, no other astronomer had tallied as many, or as accurate of observations as Brahe. He catalogued hundreds of objects, and aspired to a level of accuracy such that each star was catalogued within one arc-minute of its real celestial location. To put that into perspective, hold your little finger at arms length \u2013 it is 1 degree in width. Now divide it into 60 parts; take one of those parts, and you have an arc-minute. While he didn\u2019t always achieve this level of accuracy, the fact that he set the standard so high with the technology available at that point in history is commendable. [PAR] Brahe is probably best known for his work with new stars, or novae,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ranking the 10 Most Unlikely Wimbledon Winners in History ... Ranking the 10 Most Unlikely Wimbledon Winners in History | Bleacher Report [PAR] Ranking the 10 Most Unlikely Wimbledon Winners in History [PAR] By Jake Curtis , Featured Columnist [PAR] Jul 6, 2013 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Dennis Grombkowski/Getty Images [PAR] Sabine Lisicki (left) and Marion Bartoli [PAR] 10.7K [PAR] 16 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Marion Bartoli's victory in the women's singles final at the All England Club raises an obvious question: Was she the most unlikely Wimbledon winner in history? [PAR] Before the tournament began, few would have picked the 15th-seeded Bartoli, who, at 28, had never won a Grand Slam singles event and seemed to be past her prime. [PAR] However, a number of other men and women have defied expectations, logic or past performances to win singles titles at Wimbledon. Sometimes, upsets produced unanticipated winners. Other times, circumstances yielded unlikely champions. [PAR] After taking a look at the paths taken by all the champions, we composed a countdown of the 10 most unlikely Wimbledon winners in history. [PAR] 10. Bob Falkenburg, 1948 [PAR] Wimbledon.com [PAR] Bob Falkenburg's 1948 Wimbledon triumph barely edged out Michael Stich's 1991 title and Petra Kvitova's 2011 championship for the final spot on our list. [PAR] Falkenburg advanced past the quarterfinals at Wimbledon only once, and that was the year he won it. His Wimbledon victory as a No. 7 seed in 1948 was the only time he got past the semifinals of any Grand Slam event. [PAR] However, it was the way Falkenburg won the final against John Bromwich that earned him a place among the most unlikely champions. [PAR] Bromwich, the 1946 Australian Open champion and the No. 2 seed at Wimbledon in 1948, had three match points against Falkenburg at 5-3 in the fifth set, according to a The New York Times obituary on Bromwich. But Falkenburg fought off all three match points, won four straight games and beat Bromwich 7-5, 0-6, 6-2, 3-6, 7-5. [PAR] Falkenburg's career took another unlikely turn when he passed on a $100,000-a-year professional tennis contract so he could introduce soft ice cream and American fast food in Brazil, according to the Wimbledon website , it became a highly successful business. [PAR] 9. Arthur Ashe, 1975 [PAR] Getty Images/Getty Images [PAR] The fact that Arthur Ashe got to the 1975 Wimbledon final was a mild surprise. That he then beat Jimmy Connors 6-1, 6-1, 5-7, 6-4 in the final was a shocker. [PAR] Connors was an overwhelming 3-to-20 betting favorite against Ashe, according to an ESPN.com article. In fact, he was a 9-to-10 favorite to win in straight sets. [PAR] Ashe, then 31, was in the Wimbledon final for the first time, making it as the No. 6 seed following a five-set victory over Tony Roche in the semifinals. The 22-year-old, top-seeded Connors had not lost a set en route to the final and had lost only six games while beating Ken Rosewall in the 1974 Wimbledon final. [PAR] But against Connors, Ashe took the pace off his shots, relying on angles and finesse to frustrate Connors' powerful groundstrokes. Ashe's insightful strategy made it a memorable match and resulted in one of the biggest upsets in a Wimbledon final. [PAR] A 2011 The New York Times article extolled the brilliance of Ashe's strategy, while questioning whether such an approach would work today. [PAR] 8. Andre Agassi, 1992 [PAR] Bob Martin/Getty Images [PAR] Andre Agassi would win eight Grand Slam titles, but when he began the 1992"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boukhalef Airport (TNG), Morocco: Location Map, Address ... Location Map of Boukhalef Airport, Morocco [PAR] Boukhalef Airport's Address:[DOC] [TLE] Tangier Boukhalef Airport - Airline and airport information Tangier Boukhalef Airport - Airline and airport information [PAR] Tangier Boukhalef Airport [PAR] Displaying a maximum of 150 items... [PAR] Zoom in to see more! [PAR] Airlines and destinations from Tangier Boukhalef Airport: [PAR] Find a typical weekly Flight Schedule [PAR] From: [PAR] loading destinations... [PAR] REGULAR airlines [PAR] Compare International Flights to / from France and National Flights in France from 150+ major Airlines. Make secure online reservations with one of the biggest online airline aggregators... includes optional full cancellation insurance, go ANYWHERE in the WORLD... you're ready to travel!. [PAR] LOW COST airlines [PAR] Find Schedules and Prices and make secure online reservations... ANYWHERE in the WORLD... you're ready to travel!. Compare 75 Budget Airlines to / from all the airports in France. Use the Booking Engine below: [PAR] Tangier Boukhalef Airport [PAR] Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport (French: A\u00c3\u00a9roport Tanger Ibn Battouta, (IATA: TNG, ICAO: GMTT) is an airport serving Tangier (Tanger in French), the capital city of the Tangier-T\u00c3\u00a9touan region in Morocco. The airport is named for Ibn Battouta (1304\u00e2\u0080\u00931368), a Moroccan scholar and traveler who was born in Tangier. The airport was also known as Tangier-Boukhalef Airport. [PAR] The airport is being expanded and will become larger, including more flights and traffic. This is part of Tangier's rapid development and modernisation projects. The airport is certified by ISO 9001/2000 quality standards. [PAR] The airport handled over 646,000 passengers in the year 2009. [PAR] Aircraft parking space of 40,640 square metres (437,445 sq ft) supports up to four Boeing 737s and one Boeing 747. For small craft two dedicated sections are assigned. The air terminal is 6,200 m2 (66,736 sq ft) and designed to handle 450,000 passengers per year. The cargo terminal is 529 m2 (5,694 sq ft) of covered space. [PAR] The airport has two runways but only the longer runway is in active use and 07/25 is closed. The 3500 meter long runway 10/28 is open and is capable of handling all sizes of aircraft up to the size of a Boeing 747 and Airbus A380-800. [PAR] The airport has an ILS status (Loc - Glide - DME) and offers the following radionavigational aids: VOR \u00e2\u0080\u0093 DME \u00e2\u0080\u0093 NDB. PAPI lighting available for runway 10/28 for approaches from either direction. [PAR] IATA code for Tangier Boukhalef Airport: TNG [PAR] GMT Time Difference for Tangier Boukhalef Airport: +0.0 [PAR] Tangier Boukhalef Airport Contact Information: [PAR] Telephone: [PAR] Tangier Boukhalef Airport Website [PAR] Tourist Office [PAR] If you need further information about local transport (shuttles, buses, taxis...) or tourist information contact the tourist office. Some International Tourist Office coordinates are still to be added, in the meantime use Google to locate their information. Here is the Tourist Office information : [PAR] Telephone :"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greatest Hits - Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds | Songs ... Greatest Hits - Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by Stewart Mason [PAR] It's tempting to say that \"Greatest Hit\" would be a more appropriate title for this quickie budget collection, but even that would be a misnomer; bizarrely, Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds ' biggest hit, 1975's number-one smash \"\"Fallin' in Love (Again),\"\" isn't included. (Yes, 1971's \"\"Don't Pull Your Love (Out)\"\" is present and accounted for. None of the other songs have unnecessary parentheses in them.) The other nine tracks are failed singles and album tracks, including unimpressive versions of \"\"Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got)\"\" and the Grass Roots ' \"\"Annabella,\"\" and a tiresome medley of \"\"Bridge Over Troubled Water\"\" and \"\"You've Got a Friend.\"\" \"\"Don't Pull Your Love (Out)\"\" and \"\"Fallin' in Love (Again)\"\" are both available on volumes of Rhino's superlative Super Hits of the 70s: Have a Nice Day series. Buy those, skip this. [PAR] Track Listing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our History - Kellogg's Our History | Kellogg's [PAR] Our History [PAR] Environmental Initiatives [PAR] Our Best Days Are Yours [PAR] From one great day over 100 years ago all the way to today, Kellogg's has continued to fuel better days for American families. From going to the moon to feeding the U.S. Army to making your days great, some of our best days have been in your home country, the United States. [PAR] Discover our best days in the U.S. [PAR] 1898 \u2014 In a fortunately failed attempt at making granola, our company\u2019s founder, W.K. Kellogg, and his brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, changed breakfast forever when they accidentally flaked wheat berry. W.K. kept experimenting until he flaked corn, and created the delicious recipe for Kellogg\u2019s Corn Flakes. [PAR] 1906 \u2014 W.K. Kellogg opened the \u201cBattle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company\u201d and carefully hired his first 44 employees. Together they created the initial batch of Kellogg\u2019s\u00ae Corn Flakes\u00ae and brought to life W.K.\u2019s vision for great-tasting, better-for-you breakfast foods. [PAR] 1914 \u2014 Kellogg\u2019s\u00ae Corn Flakes\u00ae was introduced to a new country: Canada. (Later the Kellogg Company will spread the goodness of grain around the world by opening factories in Australia, England, Mexico, Japan, India and more. Today Kellogg brightens breakfast in over 180 countries around the world). [PAR] 1915 \u2014 Kellogg introduced Bran Flakes, the first high-fiber cereal, promptly followed by the introduction of Kellogg\u2019s\u00ae All-Bran\u2122 one year later. [PAR] 1923 \u2014 The Kellogg Company made another bold move and become the first in the food industry to hire a dietitian. Mary Barber started the Kellogg\u2019s Home Economics Department and began defining the roles different foods played in proper diets. [PAR] 1930 \u2014 As the United States sunk into the Depression, W.K. Kellogg declared, \u201cI\u2019ll invest in people.\u201d He split shifts and hired new employees to work them. He also founded the W.K. Kellogg Foundation , whose mission \u2014 to help children realize their potential \u2014 complements that of the Kellogg Company to this day. [PAR] To further our commitment to people, Kellogg became one of the first companies to proudly display our cereals\u2019 recipes and nutritional info on our boxes \u2014 so our consumers knew exactly what they were eating. [PAR] 1942-1945 \u2014 Kellogg\u2019s employees proudly produced K-rations for the U.S. armed forces overseas during World War II, and our engineering teams helped manufacture supplies in Kellogg machine shops. We continued to help America get nutrition by bringing new, whole-grain cereal to life when we introduced Kellogg\u2019s\u00ae Raisin Bran\u00ae . [PAR] 1969 \u2014 The Kellogg Company was honored to provide breakfast for the legendary Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins during their groundbreaking Apollo 11 trip to the moon. [PAR] 1997 \u2014 We opened the W.K. Kellogg Institute for Food and Nutrition Research \u2014 where food scientists, nutritionists and engineers transform wholesome grains and other ingredients into great-tasting and good-for-your-family foods. [PAR] 2006 \u2014 The Kellogg Company celebrated our 100-year commitment to nutrition, health and quality. We also celebrated our future \u2014 by creating new Kellogg\u2019s\u00ae Special K\u00ae Bars and other innovative ways of giving your family the delicious nutrition you need to make the most of every day. [PAR] 2009-2010 \u2014 After discovering that many people in the U.S. don\u2019t get enough fiber, Kellogg increased the fiber in many of our most popular cereals \u2014 including Kellogg\u2019s\u00ae Froot Loops\u00ae. Now, in the U.S., Kellogg Company offers more ready-to-eat cereals that provide at least one good source of fiber (3 grams) and one-half serving of whole grains (8 grams) than any other U.S. food company."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rainer Werner Fassbinder - Classic Art Films Rainer Werner Fassbinder | German Director | Rainer Werner Fassbinder Biography | Filmmaker | New German Cinema | Douglas Sirk | Melodramas | Race and Sexual Prejudice [PAR] Rainer Werner Fassbinder [PAR] Rainer Werner Fassbinder [PAR] Rainer Werner Fassbinder was one of the most important representatives of the New German Movement as he was known to film at a frenetic pace. In a professional career that lasted less than fifteen years, Fassbinder completed 40 feature-length films, three short films, two television film series, four video productions, twenty-four stage plays, four radio plays and 36 acting roles in his own and others\u2019 films. He also worked as an author, cameraman, composer, designer, editor, producer and theater manager. Fassbinder\u2019s phenomenal creative energy, when working, coexisted with a wild, self-destructive libertinism that earned him a reputation as the \u2018enfant terrible\u2019 of the New German Cinema, as well as being its central figure. He had tortured personal relationships with various actors and technicians around him who formed a surrogate family. However, his films demonstrate his deep sensitivity to social outsiders and his hatred of institutionalized violence. He ruthlessly attacked both German bourgeoisie society and the larger limitations of humanity. Fassbinder probably felt he was an outsider to society, being open with his homosexuality at a time when that was not considered acceptable. After starting out in theatre and eventually moving into films many critics originally thought his stories were exploitative on a persons sexuality. But over time Fassbinder\u2019s work is now looked at as some of the most important and poetic films of the early 70\u2019s to the late 80\u2019s. There are three distinct phases to Fassbinder\u2019s film career. His first ten movies, most famously Beware of a Holy Whore (1971) and A Merchant of Four Seasons (1971) were an extension of his work in the theater, shot usually with a static camera and with deliberately unnaturalistic dialogue. He was strongly influenced by Brecht\u2019s \u2018alienation effect\u2019 and the French New Wave cinema, particularly the works of Godard. The second phase brought him international attention, with films modeled, to ironic effect, on the melodramas Douglas Sirk made in Hollywood in the 1950s. In films such as The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant (1972) and Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (1974) Fassbinder explored how deep-rooted prejudices about race, sex, sexual orientation, politics and class are inherent in society, while also tackling his trademark subject of the everyday fascism of family life and friendship. The final films, from around 1977 until his death became increasingly more idiosyncratic in terms of plot, form and subject matter in movies. He also articulated his themes in the bourgeois milieu with his BRD trilogy about women in post-fascist Germany: The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979), Lola (1981), and Veronica Voss (1982). By the time he made his last film, Querelle (1982), Fassbinder was consuming heavy doses of drugs and alcohol to sustain his unrelenting work schedule. Tragically he died on June 10, 1982 at the young age of 37 from heart failure resulting from a lethal interaction between sleeping pills and cocaine. [PAR] Rainer Werner Fassbinder [PAR] \u00ab Previous1 2 3 4 5 ... 8 9 Next \u00bb [PAR] Products previously bought from this site: [PAR] querelle dvd out of print rare rainer werner fassbinder dvd oop, querelle rainer werner fassbinder brad davis franco nero movie poster, in a year with 13 moons 1978 dvd new rainer werner fassbinder, despair region a bluray disc rainer werner fassbinder dirk bogarde, rainer werner fassbinder 7382 new pal 8dvd set, irm hermann signed autograph"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series [PAR] Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series [PAR] (1952-1961) [PAR] Gunsmoke's four continuing characters on both radio and television were [PAR] Matt Dillon, United States Marshall, [PAR] Chester Wesley Proudfoot, his middle aged \"helper,\" [PAR] Charles \"Doc\" Adams, the town physician, and [PAR] Kitty Russell, a \"saloon girl\" at the Texas Trails. [PAR] Front Street, Dodge City, KS 1876 [PAR] Gunsmoke was set in Dodge City, Kansas between 1872, when the Santa Fe Railroad reached town, and 1885, when local farmers forced the end of the Texas cattle drives along the Western Trail. Dodge City, known as the \"Queen of the Cow Towns,\" the \"Wicked Little City,\" the \"Gomorrah of the Plains,\" had a reputation as a hostile, lawless town where the \"fastest gun\" ruled. As the opening of the show proclaimed: \"Around Dodge City and in the territory on west, there's just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers and that's with a U.S. Marshal and the smell of gunsmoke.\" That marshall, Matt Dillon, was modeled after the real lawmen who \"tamed\" (or at least kept a lid on) Dodge City: US Deputy Marshall Wyatt Earp (1848-1929), Sheriff Bat Masterson (1856-1921), Sheriff Bill Tilghman (1854-1924), and Sheriff Charlie Bassett (c.1847-1869). [PAR] After Gunsmoke... [PAR] During Gunsmoke's nine years on the radio, CBS presented 480 performances of 413 scripts. Many of these radio plays were adapted to television. One, The Ride Back by Anthony Ellis, became a full length movie starring William Conrad and Anthony Quinn. When the series went off the air in 1961, the four actors who played the continuing characters moved on to other things. [PAR] William Conrad [PAR] on the cover of TVGuide (1976) [PAR] William Conrad as Frank Cannon [PAR] Cannon [PAR] William Conrad as J. L. McCabe [PAR] Jake and the Fatman [PAR] William Conrad (1920-1994), who was the original Marshall Dillon and one of radio's most prolific actors (he claimed he performed in 7500 radio programs) became a television producer and director. According to a \"TV Episode List\" published on Gunsmoke: The Great American Western, he directed two television episodes of Gunsmoke: \"Panacea Sikes\" (April 13, 1963) and \"Captain Sligo\" (January 4, 1971) , and narrated a third-- \"Women for Sale\" (September 10 & 17, 1973). [PAR] Between 1963 and the series finale in 1967 his deep, resonant voice was heard under the opening credits of The Fugative. He was also the voice of the unseen narrator on The Bullwinkle Show (1961-1962), The Wild, Wild World of Animals (1973-1978), Tales of the Unexpected (1977) and How the West Was One (1978-1979). His first major on camera, television role was Frank Cannon in Cannon (1971-1976). This was followed by Nero Wolf (1981) and J.L. McCabe, the Fatman, in Jake and the Fatman (1987-1992). In addition to radio and television, Conrad appeared in at least 25 films between 1946 and 1960. His first on screen appearance was as Max, one of the killers in The Killers (1946). In most of these films he was cast as the villain or heavy. In his last movie Hudson Hawk (1991) he was once again the narrator. [PAR] Between 1957 and 1968 he directed four and produced ten feature length films. The first film he produced was The Ride Back (1957) (also known as \"The Way Back\"), a western based on a 1952 Gunsmoke radio script. According to Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide it is a \"Well-handled account of a sheriff (William Conrad) and prisoner (Anthony Quinn) who find they need each other's"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Nations News Centre - Interview with Yukiya Amano ... United Nations News Centre - Interview with Yukiya Amano, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [PAR] United Nations News Centre [PAR] Interview with Yukiya Amano, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [PAR] Yukiya Amano , Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). UN Photo/Mark Garten [PAR] 1 May 2015 \u0096 Yukiya Amano , a former Japanese diplomat, has served as Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) since 2009. The Vienna-based UN body was set up in 1957 as the world\u2019s centre for cooperation in the nuclear field. It works with its member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies, as well as to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. [PAR] Mr. Amano served as Japan\u2019s representative at the IAEA for several years before his appointment as Director General and gained a great deal of experience in disarmament and non-proliferation diplomacy, as well as nuclear energy issues. [PAR] While in New York this week for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ( NPT ), the head of the UN nuclear watchdog spoke to the UN News Centre about the Conference and the work of the IAEA to strengthen the Treaty\u2019s three pillars \u2013 disarmament, non-proliferation, and the peaceful uses of nuclear technology.When I became the Director General, I said that as I come from a country with the experience of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, I will stay firm against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The interview has been edited for content and clarity. [PAR] News Centre: As the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) review conference gets underway, what is the IAEA\u2019s main message at the forum? [PAR] Yukiya Amano: The NPT treaty has three pillars and I think it is very important for the NPT that progress would be made in all of the three pillars. [PAR] News Centre: Could you tell me a little bit more about those three pillars? [PAR] Yukiya Amano: One is nuclear disarmament; another is non-proliferation; and the other is the peaceful use of nuclear technology. These are said to be the three pillars of the NPT. [PAR] Excerpts from interview with IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano. Credit: United Nations [PAR] News Centre: What do you see as the major concerns today in the area of proliferation? [PAR] Yukiya Amano: In the area of proliferation, one of the important areas of concern is the Iranian nuclear issue. The IAEA is implementing safeguards in Iran and we can say that nuclear materials and facilities under safeguards are for peaceful purposes. But we cannot say that all the nuclear materials and facilities are for peaceful purpose. [PAR] There have been very good developments since autumn 2013. The IAEA and Iran agreed on a so-called Framework for Cooperation to resolve issues through cooperation. The six Powers \u2013 six countries \u2013 and Iran agreed on another agreement for interim purposes and now the six countries and Iran are negotiating to reach agreement on the comprehensive agreement. The IAEA will play an essential role in the implementation of the agreement once agreement is reached. [PAR] The IAEA mission team studies a water purification system that removes radioactive elements from water during a February 2015 visit to the Fukushima power plant in Japan that was damaged in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Photo: Susanna Loof/IAEA [PAR] News Centre: What do you hope is going to be the outcome of this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oran Es Senia Airport, Oran, Algeria Tourist Information Oran Es Senia Airport, Oran, Algeria Tourist Information [PAR] Locals and travelers to connect with [PAR] About [PAR] Oran, Algeria [PAR] 35.6969-0.6331 [PAR] Oran Es Senia Airport is an international airport serving Oran City near Es Senia in the North African nation of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Algeria . Oran is the second largest major city in the country spread along the north-western Mediterranean coast of Algeria. Located at a distance of 8.7 kilometers to the south of the city centre, this public airport was first used by the French Air Force as a military airfield in the 1940s during World War II. Situated at an elevation of 295 feet above mean sea level, the Oran Es Senia Airport is owned and operated by EGSA Alger, which is an airport management services establishment of the government of Algeria operating a total number of 18 airports within this country. [PAR] There are a couple of concrete surfaced runways at this airport measuring 10,039 feet and 9,843 feet catering to all types of flight movements including many charter services. Apart from a separate cargo terminal, there is a well equipped single passenger terminal serving all domestic as well as international flights to/from the Oran Es Senia Airport. Moreover, there is a brand new terminal building under construction which along with modernization of the existing facilities is expected to raise the standards and quality of services of this airport to international levels. [PAR] This project will be able to re-dimension and gradually refurbish the facilities at this airport in order to significantly accommodate traffic increases over the next 15 years. Private taxis and car rental services are also available at this airport along with most other passenger convenience facilities. Moreover, many hotels are offering complementary hotel shuttle services to/from the Oran Es Senia Airport for guests seeking comfortable hotel-stays around Oran. [PAR] Map"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium - Bayou ... The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium - Bayou City History [PAR] Bayou City History [PAR] The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium [PAR] By J.R. Gonzales on December 25, 2013 at 12:05 AM [PAR] Old City Auditorium, site of Jones Hall today. [PAR] Dry your eyes, no tears, no sorrow. [PAR] Cling to me with all your might, [PAR] And never let me go. [PAR] \u2014 \u201cNever Let Me Go\u201d by Johnny Ace [PAR] More than 2,000 people had gathered at the old City Auditorium on Dec. 25, 1954, for the dance. It being Christmas night and all, it was probably a pretty festive occasion. [PAR] On the bill that evening was one John Marshall Alexander Jr., better known as R&B crooner Johnny Ace. [PAR] The Memphis-based pianist cut his teeth in a band with B.B. King in the early days. As King\u2019s star rose and provided new opportunities, Johnny took over the band and soon amassed a string of R&B hits in the early 1950s. [PAR] Johnny was a familiar sight in Houston\u2019s R&B scene back then. In 1952, Don Robey, founder of Houston-based Peacock Records, acquired Memphis\u2019 Duke Records, which had signed Johnny. [PAR] In Down in Houston: Bayou City Blues, Roger Wood noted: \u201cThe synthesis achieved via this commercially triggered dialectic of performers from the Delta and the Lone Star state resulted in some of the most potent blues, and especially rhythm and blues, of the fifties and sixties \u2014 including the first major R&B \u2018crossover\u2019 star, Johnny Ace.\u201d [PAR] According to the Houston Post, Johnny had finished his set with Yes, Baby and retired to the City Auditorium dressing room. Some drinking ensued and, according to newspaper accounts, Johnny started playing a game of Russian roulette with a .22 caliber revolver. (Some say Johnny used a different caliber weapon that night.) [PAR] Willie Mae \u201cBig Mama\u201d Thornton wasn\u2019t having any of it, the Houston Chronicle reported. She took the gun and removed the bullet. [PAR] Johnny demanded she put the bullet back in the gun and give it back. Thornton relented but told him to put the gun away. [PAR] Nothing will happen, Johnny said. To prove it, he cocked the gun, put it to the temple of 22-year-old Olivia Gibbs, and pulled the trigger, the Chronicle reported. [PAR] Click. [PAR] He spun the cylinder again, put it to his temple and pulled the trigger. [PAR] The ensuing blast instantly killed the 25-year-old. Even though the local papers blamed his death on a game of Russian roulette, other accounts \u2014 on Wikipedia for example \u2014 say Johnny believed the weapon wasn\u2019t loaded. [PAR] Nonetheless, though his life was cut short that night, Johnny\u2019s music legacy continued through posthumous releases. That music would inspire a class of musicians who would shape rock \u2018n\u2019 roll in the 1960s and 1970s. [PAR] One was Paul Simon, who referenced Johnny\u2019s story in the 1983 recording, The Late Great Johnny Ace. [PAR] More recently, Dave Alvin kept the story alive in 2011\u2019s Johnny Ace is Dead. [PAR] If you\u2019re having trouble placing any of his music, one posthumous hit, Pledging My Love, can be heard in the film Christine. You can hear it in this playlist here . [PAR] The incident garnered a brief mention on the front page of the next day\u2019s Houston Post. The Chronicle had a longer story inside its editions. Both accounts can be found via this link . The Houston Press didn\u2019t appear to mention it in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Thatcher The Chemist Helped Make ... - Popular Science Margaret Thatcher [PAR] Publicity photo for the 1951 election campaign. [PAR] Margaret Thatcher died today at 87. She'll be remembered as the first (and only) woman to be prime minister of Britain, but what's often missed or only glanced over in her biographies, and now her obituaries, is her career as a chemist. [PAR] Thatcher graduated from Oxford in 1947 with an undergraduate degree in chemistry. Her fourth-year dissertation was on X-ray crystallography of the antibiotic cocktail gramicidin, and her supervisor, Dorothy Hodgkin, was working at the time on the structure of penicillin. In the years after, Thatcher worked as an industrial chemist at British Xylonite Plastics and at Lyons, with a probably apocryphal story circulating that she helped produce a form of soft-scoop ice cream . [PAR] It's seldom discussed how much her degree might've affected her politics. A paper by science and technology professor Jon Agar , written for Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London and published in 2010, took a look at that connection, first by examining her as a student: [PAR] All of her biographers agree that the future Mrs Thatcher devoted her free time to politics rather than science, and even regretted her choice of undergraduate study. One repeated anecdote has her walking with a friend at graduation in 1947 saying, 'You know, I oughtn't to have read chemistry. I should have read law. That's what I need for politics. I shall have to go and read law now.' Another repeatedly recalled incident, at an unspecified date, but presumably during her undergraduate years, was a conversation between the young scientist and Norman Winning, the Recorder, or municipal clerk, of her hometown, who had a Cambridge natural sciences degree. Winning advised her to continue with chemistry as a means to getting into law as a patent lawyer. All these anecdotes serve to prepare the narrative for the next stage in Thatcher's career, her training and employment as a lawyer in the later 1950s. [PAR] But instead Thatcher took a position at British Xylonite (BX) Plastics in 1947, Agar writes. It's not clear exactly what her work entailed, but she, perhaps unexpectedly, joined a union there. In 1949, after gaining an opportunity as a parliamentary candidate, Thatcher became a food research chemist at \"the cakes and teashop business J. Lyons & Co.\" She likely researched the chemical process saponification , but not much else can be confirmed about her work there. [PAR] By 1951, Thactcher resigned from Lyons and switched career paths, studying tax law and passing the Bar in 1953. In 1959, she won a seat in Parliament. [PAR] The popular theory, then, is that Thatcher studying chemistry was \"incidental,\" Agar writes. It kept the lights on while she pursued politics. He quotes journalist Hugo Young's summary: [PAR] These two jobs, lasting barely three years in all, constitute the totality of Margaret Thatcher's first-hand contact with the world of commerce and industry. . . . In any case, prime minister Thatcher never tried to make political capital out of these fugitive involvements. They were incidental to her political ambition and she has never pretended otherwise. They made her a living, while she devoted most of her psychic energy to the greater and more glamorous task. [PAR] But that doesn't mean her career as a chemist and politician never intertwined, Agar argues. In 1971, Lord Victor Rothschild proposed laws to make government funding of science closer to a business proposition: policy would be shaped by market forces. \"Basic\" research science (or just"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Taekwondo - Summer Olympic Sport Taekwondo - Summer Olympic Sport [PAR] Taekwondo [PAR] Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial art practised in 206 countries. [PAR] What is Taekwondo? [PAR] Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial art, which means \"the way of kicking and punching\". In taekwondo, hands and feet can be used to overcome an opponent, but the trademark of the sport is its combination of kick movements. [PAR] A Long History [PAR] The origin of taekwondo dates back to Korea's Three-Kingdom era (c.50 BC) when Silla Dynasty warriors, the Hwarang, began to develop a martial art - Taekkyon (\"foot-hand\"). [PAR] Go Global [PAR] During the early 20th century, taekwondo became the dominant form of martial arts practised in Korea. Subsequently taekwondo was designated as the Korean national martial art to be promoted internationally. In 1973, the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) was founded as the worldwide legitimate governing body of the sport, and the first World Championships were held in Seoul, Korea that year. [PAR] Recent Olympic history [PAR] Taekwondo is one of the two Asian martial arts included on the Olympic programme. Taekwondo made its debut as a demonstration Olympic sport at the 1988 Seoul Games, and became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games.[DOC] [TLE] Taekwondo Equipment and History - Olympic Sport History Taekwondo Equipment and History - Olympic Sport History [PAR] Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial art practised in 188 countries. [PAR] What is Taekwondo? [PAR] Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial art, which means \"the way of kicking and punching\". In taekwondo, hands and feet can be used to overcome an opponent, but the trademark of the sport is its combination of kick movements. [PAR] A Long History [PAR] The origin of taekwondo dates back to Korea's Three-Kingdom era (c.50 BC) when Silla Dynasty warriors, the Hwarang, began to develop a martial art - Taekkyon (\"foot-hand\"). [PAR] Go Global [PAR] During the early 20th century, taekwondo became the dominant form of martial arts practised in Korea. Subsequently taekwondo was designated as the Korean national martial art to be promoted internationally. In 1973, the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) was founded as the worldwide legitimate governing body of the sport, and the first World Championships were held in Seoul, Korea that year. [PAR] Recent Olympic history [PAR] Taekwondo is one of the two Asian martial arts included on the Olympic programme. Taekwondo made its debut as a demonstration Olympic sport at the 1988 Seoul Games, and became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jimi Hendrix - Biography - IMDb Jimi Hendrix - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jimi Hendrix [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Trade Mark (7) | Trivia (51) | Personal Quotes (5) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Jimi Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington, to African-American parents Lucille (Jeter) and James Allen Hendrix. His mother named him John Allen Hendrix and raised him alone while his father, Al Hendrix, was off fighting in World War II. When his mother became sick from alcoholism, Hendrix was sent to live with relatives in Berkeley, California. When his father returned from Europe in 1945 he took back Hendrix, divorced his wife, and renamed him James Marshall Hendrix. When Jimi was 13 his father taught him to play an acoustic guitar. In 1959 Jimi dropped out of high school and enlisted in the U.S. Army, but soon became disenchanted with military service. After he broke his ankle during a training parachute jump, he was honorably discharged. He then went to work as a sideman on the rhythm-and-blues circuit, honing his craft but making little or no money. Jimi got restless being a sideman and moved to New York City hoping to get a break in the music business. Through his friend Curtis Knight, Jimi discovered the music scene in Greenwich Village, which left indelible impressions on him. It was here that he began taking drugs, among them marijuana, pep pills and cocaine. In 1966, while Jimi was performing with his own band called James & the Blue Flames at Cafe Wha?, John Hammond Jr. approached Jimi about the Flames playing backup for him at Cafe Au Go Go. Jimi agreed and during the show's finale, Hammond let Jimi cut loose on Bo Diddley 's \"I'm the Man.\" Linda Keith, girlfriend of The Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards , was one of Jimi's biggest fans and it was she who told friend Chas Chandler , a band manager, about Jimi. When Chandler heard Jimi play, he asked him to come to London to form his own band, and while there Chandler made the simple change in Jimi's name by formally dropping James and replacing it with Jimi. Having settled in England with a new band called the Jimi Hendrix Experience, which consisted of Jimi as guitarist and lead singer, bass player Noel Redding and drummer Mitch Mitchell , Jimi took the country by storm with the release of his first single \"Hey, Joe.\" In the summer of 1967 Jimi performed back in the USA at the Monterey Pop Festival, a mix-up backstage forced Jimi to follow The Who onstage, where after a superb performance Jimi tore up the house by trashing his guitar in a wild frenzy. Afterwards, Jimi's career skyrocketed with the release of the Experience's first two albums, \"Are You Experienced?\" and \"Axis: Bold as Love,\" which catapulted him to the top of the charts. However, tensions, possibly connected with Jimi's drug use and the constant presence of hangers-on in the studio and elsewhere, began to fracture some of his relationships, including Chas Chandler, who quit as manager in February 1968. In September 1968 the Experience released their most successful album, \"Electric Ladyland.\" However, in early 1969 bassist Redding left the Experience and was replaced by Billy Cox , an old army buddy who Jimi had jammed with. Jimi began experimenting with different musicians. For the Woodstock music festival Jimi put together an outfit called the Gypsies, Sun and Rainbows, with Mitchell and Cox as well"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Digging Up the Dead: History\u2019s Most Famous Exhumations ... Digging Up the Dead: History\u2019s Most Famous Exhumations - History in the Headlines [PAR] Digging Up the Dead: History\u2019s Most Famous Exhumations [PAR] November 14, 2013 By Christopher Klein [PAR] Lee Harvey Oswald arrives at the Dallas police department after his arrest on November 22, 1963. (Credit: Archive Photos/Getty Images) [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Digging Up the Dead: History\u2019s Most Famous Exhumations [PAR] Author [PAR] Digging Up the Dead: History\u2019s Most Famous Exhumations [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] Authorities yesterday exhumed the remains of former Brazilian president Joao Goulart, deposed in a 1964 coup, to investigate claims that Uruguayan agents acting at the behest of Brazil\u2019s military government poisoned the exiled leader in 1976. As toxicology tests on Goulart\u2019s body begin, explore 10 of history\u2019s most famous exhumations. [PAR] 1. Jesse James [PAR] The infamous Wild West outlaw may have died in 1882, but his legend lived on\u2014as did persistent rumors that James faked his own death. Although it was widely accepted that fellow gang member Bob Ford shot and killed James to collect the bounty on his head, some speculated that Ford had actually murdered another man to assist James in his ruse, a claim boosted when a 100-year-old man named J. Frank Dalton came forward in 1948 saying he was the real Jesse James. In 1995, the James family requested the exhumation of their ancestor\u2019s corpse from a Kearney, Missouri, cemetery, and DNA tests confirmed the remains were indeed those of the outlaw. [PAR] 2. Eva Peron [PAR] After the death of Argentina\u2019s beloved first lady in 1952, Peron\u2019s embalmed body was put on display inside a Buenos Aires trade union headquarters until an enormous mausoleum could be constructed. The Argentine military leaders who seized power from Juan Peron in 1955 feared the symbolic power of his wife\u2019s corpse, so they hid it in locations around the city that included a movie theater and water works. In 1957, Peron was secretly buried in Milan, Italy under the assumed name \u201cMaria Maggi.\u201d Fourteen years later, Evita\u2019s body was exhumed and moved to Madrid, where her husband lived in exile. Finally in 1974, her remains were returned to Buenos Aires and buried in a fortified crypt in La Recoleta Cemetery. [PAR] 3. Abraham Lincoln [PAR] In 1876 a gang of Chicago counterfeiters hatched a scheme to snatch the slain president\u2019s body from his tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois, and hold the corpse for a ransom of $200,000 and the release of their best engraver from prison. After law enforcement officials thwarted the grave robbers in the middle of the crime, Lincoln\u2019s body was quickly moved to various unmarked graves until it was eventually encased in a steel cage and entombed under 10 feet of concrete in the same Springfield cemetery in 1901. [PAR] 4. John Wilkes Booth [PAR] The man who murdered Lincoln also had his final resting place disturbed. After the Union Army killed Booth during the manhunt for the presidential assassin, his body was buried inside the Washington Arsenal in the national capital. In 1869, the Booth family disinterred the assassin and buried him in a family plot in Baltimore\u2019s Green Mount Cemetery. (To answer persistent rumors that Booth actually escaped the manhunt, family members are split on whether to exhume the body of his brother Edwin to obtain DNA samples to compare with vertebrae purported to be the assassin\u2019s stored at the National Museum of Health and Medicine.) [PAR] 5. Zachary Taylor [PAR] While America was engaged in a fierce debate about extending"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] White Christmas by Bing Crosby Songfacts White Christmas by Bing Crosby Songfacts [PAR] White Christmas by Bing Crosby Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] This 8-line song that paints a picture of holiday nostalgia was written by Irving Berlin for the 1942 movie Holiday Inn, where Bing Crosby sings it from the perspective of a New Yorker stranded in sunny California during Christmas. In the film, the song begins with this verse: [PAR] The sun is shining, the grass is green [PAR] The orange and palm trees sway [PAR] There's never been such a day [PAR] In Beverly Hills, LA [PAR] But it's December the 24th [PAR] And I'm longing to be up north [PAR] Crosby recorded a version of the song for release as a single with the Kim Darby Singers and the John Scott Trotter Orchestra on May 29, 1942 - a few months before the movie hit theaters. At the advice of Bing's record producer Jack Kapp, this original first verse was excised as it made no sense outside of the context of the film. Now starting with the familiar, \"I'm dreaming of a white Christmas,\" the song became a huge hit, going to #1 on the Billboard chart (measuring sales) in October, and staying in the top spot for 11 weeks, taking it through the first two weeks of 1943. [PAR] Irving Berlin wrote another holiday song that Crosby also sang in the film: \"Let's Start the New Year Right.\" This was released as the B-side of the \"White Christmas\" single. [PAR] The song enjoyed a sales resurgence every Christmas after it was first released in 1942. It went to #1 that year in America, and again reached the top spot in 1945 and 1947. The song appeared on various Billboard charts every year until 1963 when it finally dropped off the Hot 100. [PAR] A perennial seller for an entire generation, the song is by far the biggest-selling Christmas song of all time. It was the biggest-selling song of all time, going back and forth with Bill Haley's \" Rock Around The Clock ,\" until Elton John released his tribute to Princess Diana - \" Candle In The Wind .\" [PAR] Bing re-recorded the song on March 19, 1947, again with the John Scott Trotter Orchestra because the original masters had been worn out from all the pressings. It is this version that is most often heard today. [PAR] The original Drifters with Clyde McPhatter as their lead vocalist recorded their Doo-Wop version in November 1953. It hit #2 on the R&B charts in 1954, and made the Pop charts in 1955. The deep bass-tenor voice you hear on this version was Bill Pinkney, who was an early member of the group. [PAR] The Drifters version made the Hot 100 (the chart was introduced in 1958) twice alongside Crosby's version: in 1960 (Bing #26, Drifters #96) and in 1962 (Bing #38, Drifters, #88). >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Jeff - Boston, MA [PAR] By 1954, this song was a holiday favorite, and that year Paramount Pictures released a movie called White Christmas to tie in with it. Crosby starred in the film along with Danny Kaye, and of course performed his famous song. [PAR] This won the Academy Award for Best Song of 1942. [PAR] Elvis Presley recorded this song in 1957 along with other holiday standards for his Elvis' Christmas Album. Most songwriters dream of having Elvis record their songs, but Irving Berlin spoke out against the King's cover, calling it a \"profane parody of his cherished yuletide standard\" and claiming that his staff"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Date with Judy Reviews & Ratings - IMDb A Date with Judy Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 27 out of 35 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Classic Teenie-Bopper of it's time. [PAR] from New York City, NY [PAR] 30 May 2004 [PAR] 1948 produced some of MGM's top teenagers to movie audiences. Put them in a gorgeous technicolor musical comedy, add some veteran adults and you have one of the best of it's time. [PAR] Jane Powell, lovely voice and all, plays Judy. Her best friend is the now-sophisticated Elizabeth Taylor, all of 15 years old, looking absolutely lovely that you know she's headed for glamorous grownup roles down the road. The camera loved her. Then there's Scotty Beckett, having started his career at the age of four, now in the awkward teens, doing one of his best performances as Judy's date. Sad he died such a tragic death at an early age. [PAR] Scatter many film veterans to the likes of Wallace Berry and Selena Royale as Judy's parents, Robert Stack, young and handsome as Elizabeth's love interest, Leon Ames as Elizabeth and Scotty's dad, Clinton Sundberg as the butler to Ames, Xavier Cugat and his band with Carmen Miranda his star attraction, and one of her last films, and George Cleveland as Judy's Grandpa. [PAR] A trivia note: watch the scene with Judy waiting to be picked up for the prom. Early in the picture. Grandpa enters and actually kicks the dog to make his entrance. I had to rewind to believe what I saw. The dog also yelped when he did. And this is the guy who later played all those \"Lassie\" TV programs. Shame on you George! [PAR] All in all a charming and lighthearted film with the beauty of Taylor, the voice of Powell and the comedy of Beckett. Jane sings \"A Most Unusual Day\" and \"Love Is Where You Find It\". [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 23 out of 28 people found the following review useful: [PAR] The exhilarating Carmen Miranda almost stole the show... [PAR] 5 June 2005 [PAR] *** This review may contain spoilers *** [PAR] In \"A Date with Judy,\" Liz is fully the poor little rich girl, snobbish and out for trouble because her father's real attention is elsewhere, on making money [PAR] Unhappy at home, she stirs up trouble abroad, giving naive Jane Powell bad advice on how to handle boys, and stealing one of Jane's boyfriends right out from under her twitching nose [PAR] Very pre-Lolita, a Forties style teenaged sex kitten, this is the first version of the Taylor minx and she seems highly sophisticated for a small-town high school girl, even if she is rich... [PAR] \"A Date with Judy\" is a pleasant musical, antiseptic and cheery, suggesting Hollywood's conception of high school Life in the Forties Like \"Cynthia,\" the film is very class conscious, contrasting Taylor's cold, upper class household with Jane Powell's comfortable middle-class home [PAR] Typically, Liz is rich, spoiled, and reserved, but typically, too, when all is said and done, she's not bad-mannered or troublesome one; she's a good kid who just needs a little love and attention [PAR] Taylor's character finally allowed her to use the sexiness that everyone had sensed since she rode that horse in \"National Velvet.\" [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 30 out of 42 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Scotty Beckett's best [PAR] from LOS ANGELES [PAR] 20 August 2000"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About the University - University of North Carolina at ... About the University - University of North Carolina at Charlotte - Acalog ACMS\u2122 [PAR] University of North Carolina at Charlotte [PAR] [PAR] Undergraduate Catalog | 2015-2016 [ARCHIVED CATALOG] [PAR] About the University [PAR] The University of North Carolina [PAR] History [PAR] In North Carolina, all the public educational institutions that grant baccalaureate degrees are part of the University of North Carolina . The multi-campus state university encompasses 16 such institutions, as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics, the nation's first public residential high school for gifted students. Chartered by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1789, the University of North Carolina was the first public university in the United States to open its doors and the only one to graduate students in the eighteenth century. The first class was admitted in Chapel Hill in 1795. For the next 136 years, the only campus of the University of North Carolina was at Chapel Hill. [PAR] Additional institutions of higher education, diverse in origin and purpose, began to win sponsorship from the General Assembly beginning as early as 1877. Five were historically black institutions, and another was founded to educate American Indians. Some began as high schools. Several were created to prepare teachers for the public schools. Others had a technological emphasis. One is a training school for performing artists. [PAR] The 1931 session of the General Assembly redefined the University of North Carolina to include three state-supported institutions: the campus at Chapel Hill (now the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), North Carolina State College (now North Carolina State University at Raleigh), and Woman's College (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro). The new multi-campus University operated with one board of trustees and one president. By 1969, three additional campuses had joined the University through legislative action: the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. [PAR] In 1971, legislation was passed bringing into the University of North Carolina the state's ten remaining public senior institutions, each of which had until then been legally separate: Appalachian State University, East Carolina University, Elizabeth City State University, Fayetteville State University, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Central University, the North Carolina School of the Arts (now the University of North Carolina School of the Arts), Pembroke State University (now the University of North Carolina at Pembroke), Western Carolina University, and Winston-Salem State University. In 1985, the NC School of Science and Mathematics was declared an affiliated school of the University; in July 2007, NCSSM by legislative action became a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina. All the schools and universities welcome students of both sexes and all races. [PAR] Board of Governors [PAR] The UNC Board of Governors is the policy-making body legally charged with \"the general determination, control, supervision, management, and governance of all affairs of the constituent institutions.\" The 32 voting members of the Board of Governors are elected by the General Assembly for four-year terms. Former board chairmen and board members who are former governors of North Carolina may continue to serve for limited periods as non-voting members emeriti. The president of the UNC Association of Student Governments or that student's designee is also a nonvoting member. [PAR] President & General Administration [PAR] The chief executive officer of the University is the president. The president is elected by and reports to the Board of Governors. The President's office is the operations level between the constituent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catalytic Converters | Tenneco Inc. Catalytic Converters | Tenneco Inc. [PAR] Tenneco Automotive Inc. (ticker: TEN, exchange: New York Stock Exchange) News Release [PAR] September 1, 2000 [PAR] CATALYTIC CONVERTERS [PAR] Walker - a pioneer of catalytic converters [PAR] Walker, founded in 1888 in Racine, WI., USA, began making exhausts in the early 1930s. It soon established a reputation for innovation, patenting the first louvered tube silencer. In 1963 Walker continued breaking new technological ground, working on the development of a device to convert the harmful gases produced by a vehicle's engine into less harmful emissions - a catalytic converter [PAR] Although catalytic converters soon began to be introduced in American cars, it took almost 15 years before 'cats' were generally regarded as an acceptable emission treatment, and concerns about safety, capability and costs had to be overcome. Cars in Germany, Sweden and Switzerland were first fitted with catalytic converters in 1985, the year in which Walker became one of the very first companies selling catalytic converters in Europe [PAR] Today, Walker makes 220 catalytic converters for some 1300 applications, and this number is growing all the time [PAR] Vehicle Pollution [PAR] Catalytic converters were developed in response to growing concern about environmental pollution. As early as 1947, vehicle pollution was deemed to be a serious health hazard in California, USA, where smog had increased dramatically as the population and number of cars on that state's roads rose [PAR] Vehicle pollution is primarily caused by the dangerous by-products produced as petrol or diesel is burnt in an engine to provide the energy necessary to power the car. Among the main culprits are hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxides (NOx) [PAR] Concentrations of hydrocarbons and nitrous oxides react with oxygen in the presence of sunlight to form smog, which causes irritation of the mucous membranes, difficulties in breathing, and can aggravate such conditions as bronchitis and asthma. Smog also interferes with plant growth and can damage buildings. Carbon monoxide is highly toxic, and 90% of it comes from road vehicles. It affects the central nervous system, impairs vision, slows reflexes and causes headaches. It is also a factor in global warming. Nitrous oxides are a component of low-level ozone, another respiratory irritant, and are also a major contributor to acid rain [PAR] Since the widespread introduction almost a decade ago of catalytic converters, which reduce harmful emissions from petrol cars by an average of 75%, vehicle pollution has decreased dramatically. The effectiveness of 'cats', combined with vast improvements in the quality of fuels, means that today it would take up to 100 new cars to produce the same emissions as just one made 20 years ago [PAR] However, the number of vehicles on our roads continues to grow, and 70% of Europeans now cite air pollution as their main environmental concern (source: the European Commission Eurobarometer). The automotive industry is investing heavily in response. [PAR] A large part of the estimated \u00a32 billion the industry spends on research and development across Europe every year is committed to researching technology to further reduce vehicle emissions [PAR] In heavy traffic, the air quality inside a car can be three times as polluted as the air outside (source: Environmental Transport Association) [PAR] Legislation [PAR] In 1968 the USA introduced the first restriction on vehicle emissions, followed, in 1971, by emission limits in Europe. Legislation has continued to be passed by governments around the world, setting stricter and stricter limits [PAR] In 1992 catalytic converters became compulsory on all new cars sold in Europe. The impact has been dramatic - in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA - Space.com Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA [PAR] Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA [PAR] By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] October 16, 2012 01:21pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The space shuttle Challenger was one of NASA's greatest triumphs. It was the second shuttle to reach space, in April 1983. It successfully completed nine milestone missions. [PAR] But Challenger was also NASA's darkest tragedy. On its 10th launch, on Jan. 28, 1986, the shuttle exploded 73 seconds after liftoff, killing the seven crewmembers. The accident changed the space program forever. [PAR] This full view of Challenger in space was taken by a satellite. A heavily cloud-covered portion of the Earth forms the backdrop for this scene of Challenger in orbit. This image was taken during Challenger's STS-7 mission, which launched on June 18, 1983. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] From test vehicle to space vehicle [PAR] NASA originally intended Challenger to be a test vehicle. Rockwell began building the shuttle in November 1975 and then sent it to Lockheed for structural testing starting on April 2, 1978. According to NASA, computer models at the time were not sophisticated enough to calculate the stresses on the shuttle during different phases of flight. [PAR] The shuttle, then known as STA-099, went through 11 months of vibration testing in a specially formulated rig. This custom-designed machine could bring the shuttle through a simulation of all phases of flight, from liftoff to landing. Three hydraulic cylinders, each with one million pounds of force, were used as substitute space shuttle main engines. [PAR] In 1979, NASA awarded Rockwell a supplemental contract to convert the test vehicle to a spacecraft. This would expand the shuttle fleet to two spacecraft, the first one being Columbia . [PAR] It took two more years for Rockwell to perform the conversion. Among other things, workers had to strengthen the wings, put in a real crew cabin instead of a simulated one, and install heads-up displays for the astronauts working inside. Work completed on Oct. 23, 1981. [PAR] Delays for the first flight [PAR] Challenger was expected to go into space on Jan. 20, 1983, to release the first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite , which later became part of a series of satellites that astronauts used to stay in touch with controllers back home. Several technical malfunctions pushed the launch back, though. [PAR] First, NASA discovered a hydrogen leak in the No. 1 main engine aft compartment during a flight readiness test in December. In a second test on Jan. 25, 1983, NASA discovered cracks in the engine that were causing the leak. [PAR] The agency then took several months to remove the engines and test them. While engines two and three were deemed healthy, NASA replaced Engine No. 1. [PAR] A view of the shuttle Challenger's maiden STS-6 launch on April 4, 1983. In this view, Challenger is just clearing the launch pad in a cloud of smoke. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] After another delay due to a problem with TDRS, Challenger launched successfully on April 4, 1983, on mission STS-6. Crew members set the satellite free; astronauts Story Musgrave and Donald Peterson also did the first spacewalk of the shuttle program. [PAR] Cultural and technical firsts [PAR] Besides the milestones in space technology, Challenger also was the vehicle by which several cultural firsts happened in the space shuttle program. The first American female astronaut, Sally Ride , rode up on Challenger on STS-7 in June 1983. The first African-American , Guion Bluford, reached space on STS-8. [PAR] On STS-41G"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benazir Bhutto elected leader of Pakistan - Nov 16, 1988 ... Benazir Bhutto elected leader of Pakistan - Nov 16, 1988 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Benazir Bhutto elected leader of Pakistan [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Benazir Bhutto elected leader of Pakistan [PAR] Author [PAR] Benazir Bhutto elected leader of Pakistan [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In Pakistan, citizens vote in their first open election in more than a decade, choosing as prime minister the populist candidate Benazir Bhutto, daughter of former Pakistani leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. She was the first woman leader of a Muslim country in modern history. [PAR] After General Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq seized power in Pakistan in a military coup in 1977, Zulfikar Bhutto was tried and executed on the charge of having ordered an assassination in 1974. Benazir Bhutto endured frequent house arrests during the next seven years. In 1984, she fled to England, where she became head of her father\u2019s former party, the Pakistan People\u2019s Party (PPP). [PAR] In 1988, President Zia died along with the American ambassador to Pakistan in a mysterious plane crash, leaving a power vacuum. Bhutto returned to Pakistan and launched a nationwide campaign for open elections. In elections on November 16, Bhutto\u2019s PPP won a majority in the National Assembly, and on December 1 Bhutto took office as prime minister of Pakistan. Her government fell in 1990, but from 1993 to 1996 she again served as Pakistani leader. [PAR] More on This Topic[DOC] [TLE] BENAZIR BHUTTO - Mount Holyoke College Benazir Bhutto [PAR] Benazir Bhutto....... [PAR] --My struggle to become the Prime Minister [PAR] [PAR] Benazir Bhutto was twice prime minister of the Islamic state of [PAR] Pakistan [PAR] . She was groomed for political office from the age of 9 by her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I was a very shy girl who led an insulated life. [PAR] It was only when I came to [PAR] Oxford [PAR] and to Harvard before that, that suddenly I saw the power of people. I didn't know such a power existed. [PAR] I saw people criticising their own president. You couldn't do that in [PAR] Pakistan [PAR] - you'd be thrown in prison. I saw the press take on the government. [PAR] I was determined to go back home and to give to my people the freedoms and the choices- the individual dignity which I saw my college mates and everyone else in the West have. [PAR] That early educational influence has profoundly affected my outlook on life. [PAR] Father assassinated [PAR] My father was the Prime Minister of Pakistan. My grandfather had been in politics too. [PAR] However my own inclination was for a job other than politics. [PAR] I wanted to be a diplomat, perhaps do some journalism - certainly not politics. [PAR] But when my father was imprisoned, then assassinated, I had no other choice but to continue in the work that he had started because so many of his followers wanted me to do so. [PAR] General Zia called the first democratic elections since 1977 when he learned that I was pregnant, thinking that a pregnant woman couldn't campaign. I could, I did, and I won - so that disproved that notion. [PAR] The most exciting moment in my life was when I was sworn in as Prime Minister. [PAR] Rise to power [PAR] I remember walking down the red carpet in the presidential palace, and I felt as though an invisible army of all those who had died fighting for freedom walked with me and it was a tremendous moment of vindication."
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abolition: One Man's Battle Against the Death Penalty ... Abolition: One Man's Battle Against the Death Penalty, featuring Robert Badinter in conversation with Neal Katyal | The New York Public Library [PAR] The New York Public Library [PAR] Embed [PAR] Copy the embed code below to add this video to your site, blog, or profile. [PAR] <embed src='http://www.nypl.org/sites/all/themes/nypl_new/jwplayer/player-licensed.swf' width='320' height='286' bgcolor='000000' allowscriptaccess='always' allowfullscreen='true' play='true' wmode='opaque' flashvars='image=https%3A%2F%2Fd140u095r09w96.cloudfront.net%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fimages%2Fav%2Flive_2008_09_19_death_penalty.jpeg&file=live_2008_09_19_death_penalty.mp4&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fflash01.nypl.org%2Fvod%2Flive_2008_09_19_death_penalty&skin=%2Fsites%2Fall%2Fthemes%2Fnypl_new%2Fjwplayer%2Fskins%2Fstormtrooper.zip&plugins=gapro-1,adtvideo%2Cviral-2&adtvideo.config=/xml/ad_config/seed&gapro.accountid=UA-1420324-3&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.idstring=||streamer||&viral.onpause=false&viral.oncomplete=true&viral.allowmenu=false&viral.functions=embed'></embed> [PAR] Stream: [PAR] Video (216.2MB MP4, 1 hr 53 min) [PAR] Audio (104MB MP3, 2 hr 4 min) [PAR] Also available on: [PAR] iTunes (Audio) [PAR] Robert Badinter, the French Minister of Justice between 1981 and 1986, led the battle to abolish the death penalty in France. He became a militant abolitionist after watching one of his clients unjustly guillotined in 1972. Over the next decade, he fought the death penalty in the courts and saved six men from the guillotine. After the election of Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand in 1981, Badinter was named Minister of Justice and pushed through the legislation that abolished the death penalty. [PAR] Badinter's book, Abolition: One Man's Battle Against the Death Penalty, serves as a guidebook on the various legal and political strategies that can be used in the quest for abolition. With U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer, Badinter recently co-authored a book on the role of judges. [PAR] In a discussion about the death penalty, Badinter will be joined by Neal Katyal who recently won Hamdan v. Rumsfeld in the United States Supreme Court and who in July of this year agreed to serve as lead counsel for the State of Louisiana in asking the United States Supreme Court to reconsider its June decision abolishing the use of the death penalty for child rapists. Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights Watch, will introduce the evening. He has written the forward for Badinter's book, Abolition. [PAR] About Robert Badinter [PAR] Robert Badinter is the author of over a dozen books including work on Oscar Wilde and Condorcet. He also co-authored a recent book on the role of judges with U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer. Badinter is married to the prominent feminist Elisabeth Badinter. Together, they form one of France?s most influential couples. He is currently a member of the French Senate and celebrated his 80th birthday in March 2008. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] About Neal Katyal [PAR] Georgetown University Law Professor, Neal Katyal, named one of the leading \"40 lawyers under 40\" by the National Law Journal, recently won Hamdan v. Rumsfeld in the United States Supreme Court, a case that challenged the policy of military trials at Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba. Katyal served as co-counsel for Vice President Al Gore in the U.S. Supreme Court election case Bush v. Palm Beach Canvassing Board, which challenged the Florida voting system. He has clerked for Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer as well as Judge Guido Calabresi of the U.S. Court of Appeals. [PAR] Katyal has appeared on every major American nightly news program including the Colbert Report. [PAR] Chat with a librarian now"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework ... Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework - Reykjavik Summit, [PAR] Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework [PAR] Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework -... [PAR] SCHOOL [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework Reykjavik Summit The Reykjav\u00edk Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, held in Reykjav\u00edk, the capital city of Iceland, on October 11\u201312, 1986. The talks collapsed at the last minute, but the progress that had been achieved eventually resulted in the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union. At Reykjav\u00edk, Reagan sought to include discussion of human rights, emigration of Soviet Jews and dissidents, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. However, Gorbachev sought to limit the talks solely to arms control. The Soviets also proposed to eliminate 50% of all strategic arms, including ICBMs, and agreed not to include British or French weapons in the count. All this was proposed in exchange for an American pledge not to implement strategic defenses for the next ten years, in accordance with SALT I. The Americans countered with a proposal to eliminate all ballistic missiles within ten years, but required the right to deploy strategic defenses against remaining threats afterwards. [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] TERM [PAR] Joseph Stalin Notes The Czar is toppled by the Bolsheviks Lenin didnt really know who [PAR] Stalin Notes[DOC] [TLE] Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator [PAR] Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour [PAR] Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes (approx.) [PAR] 5 star [PAR] From USD $ 57.37 View price calendar [PAR] We're sorry, we cannot confirm pricing due to the following: [PAR] We're sorry, this tour or activity is not available at this time. [PAR] Please try selecting another date and/or a different number of travelers. [PAR] An error has occurred [PAR] We're sorry! We've encountered a temporary glitch and cannot process your request. [PAR] Our team is investigating the problem. In the meantime try pressing the back button, refreshing the page or returning to www.viator.com . [PAR] Adult (Age 19+) [PAR] Child (Age 12 to 18) [PAR] Infant (Age 0 to 11) [PAR] Important Info [PAR] See all of Reykjavik's landmarks on this comprehensive 2.5-hour tour. Great for travelers with just a short time to spend, this guided excursion hits all of the city's important highlights. Visit the Hafnarfjordur fish market, the presidential residence at Bessastadir, the Arbaer Museum and Hallgrimskirkja. Enjoy engaging commentary from your local guide and round-trip transportation from your hotel. [PAR] Highlights [PAR] 2.5-hour Reykjavik city sightseeing tour [PAR] See the major sights on a short city tour [PAR] Visit top attractions like Bessastadir, Perlan restaurant, Hofdi House and Laugardalur [PAR] Pickup from central Reykjavik hotels [PAR] Recent Photos of This Tour [PAR] Further away from the city ... [PAR] A drive away from the city... [PAR] Photo by: Khong Lim G [PAR] 06 2016 [PAR] Reykjavik tour - presidents ... [PAR] This is a picture taken on the front lawn of their 'White House' equivalent, the house where the president lives. [PAR] Photo by: Andaluza N [PAR] Canada, 11 2015 [PAR] From on top of Perlan [PAR] This is the view from Perlan, which is a restaurant which sits on top of the geothermally heated water tanks which ... [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company The Extraordinary Story of How Diet Coke Came to Be: The Coca-Cola Company [PAR] Until that point, extending the [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] Trademark to another brand had been a no-no. But times had changed. Soft drink consumers were gravitating to low- or no-calorie brands, and the company\u2019s business in the U.S. was struggling following years of inflation and rising costs, resulting in inefficiencies. [PAR] Members of the Diet Coke team beneath the Radio City Music Hall marquee before the filming of the brand\u2019s debut TV commercial. [PAR] \u201cWe needed a big idea to come out of one of the toughest decades we\u2019d ever seen,\u201d Carew explains. [PAR] Diet Coke was pegged a top priority. The project was strictly top secret; only a handful of senior executives knew about it, and team members had to agree to the assignment before getting the details. [PAR] \u201cIt was an entrepreneurial, cloak-and-dagger operation in the purest sense,\u201d said Jerry Bell, who worked with Carew in the Planning Department. \u201cI remember getting this weird phone call from Jack... and I couldn\u2019t say no.\u201d [PAR] Within a few weeks, they presented a draft study to [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] USA President Brian Dyson, followed by Roberto Goizueta, who had been elected Chairman and CEO just months earlier, President Don Keough and Chief Marketing Officer Ike Herbert. [PAR] No Risk, No Reward [PAR] Goizueta green-lighted the Diet Coke project, which shifted quickly from planning to implementation. \u201cThis was a difficult decision because there were two big risks,\u201d Carew said. \u201cTaB was the moneymaker at the time, so if Diet Coke turned out to be a disappointment, the company would seriously complicate its future. Second, if senior leadership said no to Diet Coke, then we likely would have lost cola position.\u201d [PAR] Despite concern that Diet Coke would cannibalize TaB \u2013 which was the No. 1 diet soft drink brand in the U.S. at the time \u2013 and erode the long-term health of the [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] Trademark, the team\u2019s research concluded just the opposite. [PAR] Colas accounted for 60 percent of all soft drink sales in the U.S. back then, but diets were growing three times faster than the rest of the category. Diet Coke was seen as the right product for the right time. [PAR] \u201cWe said Diet Coke would be more accretive to [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] brand value, because we would source volume from the competition versus the Coke franchise,\u201d said Pat Garner, who joined the Diet Coke team with 10 years of bottler and field marketing experience. \u201cAnd we were right.\u201d [PAR] What\u2019s in a Name? [PAR] The team debated over whether to adopt the \u201cdiet\u201d prefix \u2013 the label Nielsen had given to the relatively new category because the term was used in the names of two of its top three brands. \u201cSugar Free\u201d was one alternative, but many saw it as a slur on [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] \u2019s main ingredient. And \u201cLight\u201d was already taken by a competitor brand. [PAR] Diet Coke was the most straightforward articulation of the promise of the brand. \u201cIt just seemed like the logical answer,\u201d said John Farrell, who joined the team from Corporate Finance. \u201cThe equity of the [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] name promised the delivery of taste, and \u2018diet\u2019 told you it didn\u2019t have sugar or calories.\u201d [PAR] For many years, the brand name was written and marketed as diet Coke \u2013 with a lowercase \u201cd\u201d \u2013 to reinforce the positioning of the product. Coke\u2019s trademark lawyers wouldn\u2019t allow the uppercase \u201cD.\u201d [PAR] Their reasoning:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 24 | 1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space [PAR] The American space agency Nasa has successfully launched the space shuttle Discovery from Cape Canaveral in Florida on its historic mission to carry the Hubble space telescope into orbit 380 miles (611.5 km) above the Earth. [PAR] The telescope will operate from high above the atmosphere, thus avoiding the interference which limits ground-based telescopes. [PAR] It will be able to see up to the edge of the known universe, taking images of objects and events which happened up to 14 billion years ago. [PAR] The telescope, the size of a railway carriage, has taken 20 years to build, at a cost of $1.55 billion. [PAR] It has been dogged by technical hitches, huge budget over-runs and other delays. [PAR] Seven years late [PAR] Its launch is seven years overdue, held up by problems in the space shuttle program, including the explosion of the Challenger shuttle in 1986. [PAR] The problems continued even once it was safely in space, as the British-made solar panel arrays which provide power for the six separate instruments on board malfunctioned. [PAR] However, scientists said they were expecting it to be difficult. [PAR] \"Deploying the solar panels is technically more challenging than the launch of a shuttle one more time,\" said Nasa scientist Stephen Maran. [PAR] The fault was resolved, and now the telescope faces six months of testing before becoming fully operational. [PAR] Test image [PAR] Nasa hopes to release the first test image - of an open star cluster known as NGC 3532 - in about a week. [PAR] Hubble's main instrument is a finely-polished mirror 94 inches (240 cm) across. [PAR] There are also two cameras - one which can achieve image resolutions 10 times greater than that of even the largest Earth-based telescope, and a second which can detect an object 50 times fainter than anything visible from Earth. [PAR] \"We are going to have the ability to observe the most distant objects, among the earliest in the universe, and thus probe the secrets of creation,\" said Nasa's chief scientist, Leonard Fisk. [PAR] The telescope will be controlled by the specially-created Space Telescope Science Institute at Baltimore. [PAR] It's thought Hubble's images will provoke a drastic revision of the shapes, sizes and content of galaxies already identified by ground-based telescopes. [PAR] It is also likely to find new stars and phenomena, and astronomers suggest the telescope provides the best chance yet of working out the true age of the universe."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement Jonas Salk, M.D. - Academy of Achievement [PAR] Jonas Salk, M.D. [PAR] Listen to this achiever on What It Takes [PAR] What It Takes is an audio podcast on iTunes produced by the American Academy of Achievement featuring intimate, revealing conversations with influential leaders in the diverse fields of endeavor: music, science and exploration, sports, film, technology, literature, the military and social justice. [PAR] Risks, I like to say, always pay off. You learn what to do or what not to do. [PAR] Congressional Gold Medal [PAR] Date of Death [PAR] June 23, 1995 [PAR] In America in the 1950s, summertime was a time of fear and anxiety for many parents; this was the season when children by the thousands became infected with the crippling disease poliomyelitis, or polio. This burden of fear was lifted forever when it was announced that Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine against the disease. Salk became world-famous overnight, but his discovery was the result of many years of painstaking research. [PAR] Jonas Salk was born in New York City. His parents were Russian-Jewish immigrants who, although they themselves lacked formal education, were determined to see their children succeed, and encouraged them to study hard. Jonas Salk was the first member of his family to go to college. He entered the City College of New York intending to study law, but soon became intrigued by medical science. [PAR] Dr. Jonas Salk (1914-1995), developer of the polio vaccine, holding a bottle in the laboratory, mid-20th century. [PAR] While attending medical school at New York University, Salk was invited to spend a year researching influenza. The virus that causes flu had only recently been discovered, and the young Salk was eager to learn if the virus could be deprived of its ability to infect, while still giving immunity to the illness. Salk succeeded in this attempt, which became the basis of his later work on polio. [PAR] After completing medical school and his internship, Salk returned to the study of influenza, the flu virus. World War II had begun, and public health experts feared a replay of the flu epidemic that had killed millions in the wake of the First World War. The development of vaccines controlled the spread of flu after the war, and the epidemic of 1919 did not recur. [PAR] In 1947, Salk accepted an appointment to the University of Pittsburgh Medical School. While working there, with the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, Salk saw an opportunity to develop a vaccine against polio, and devoted himself to this work for the next eight years. [PAR] April 23, 1955: Dr. Jonas Salk, who developed the vaccine that is believed to have struck the death knell of polio, as he received a special citation from President Dwight David Eisenhower in the White House Rose Garden. The President praised the young doctor as a \u201cbenefactor of mankind\u201d and said that his work was in the \u201chighest tradition of selfless and dedicated research.\u201d At right is Mrs. Oveta Culp Hobby, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Meanwhile, government officials and medical representatives were conferring on distributing the vaccine. [PAR] In 1955, Salk\u2019s years of research paid off. Human trials of the polio vaccine effectively protected the subject from the polio virus. When news of the discovery was made public on April 12, 1955, Salk was hailed as a miracle worker. He further endeared himself to the public by refusing to patent the vaccine. He had no desire to profit personally from the discovery, but merely wished to see"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Underground - Transport for London 1906 - Elephant & Castle station opens [PAR] 1915 - The line is extended from Baker Street to Queen's Park [PAR] 1939 - The Bakerloo line takes over the Stanmore branch of the Metropolitan line [PAR] 1979 - The Jubilee line opens and, after 40 years, the Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo line closes [PAR] 1982 - The four peak period trains between Queen's Park and Watford Junction are withdrawn [PAR] 1989 - Services between Queen's Park and Harrow & Wealdstone restart [PAR] Central Line [PAR] The Central Line, originally called the Central London Railway, opened on 30 July 1900 as a cross-London route from Bank to Shepherd's Bush. [PAR] Popular from the start, part of its success stemmed from the cost: a flat fare of two old pence to travel. This inspired the press to call it the 'Tuppenny Tube.' [PAR] In 1908, London hosted the Franco-British exhibition, the largest fair of its kind, which attracted 8 million visitors. At the time, the exhibition site was little more than a cluster of white buildings with no official name but when the Central line extended to the site, it officially became known as White City. [PAR] In the 1990s, the Central line was upgraded to automatic operation, making it the second Underground line, after the Victoria line in the 1960s, to use this technology. [PAR] Key Central line dates [PAR] 1900 - Central London Railway opens [PAR] 1908 - The line extends west to Wood Lane to support the White City Exhibition [PAR] 1912 - The line extends east from Bank to Liverpool Street [PAR] 1920 - The line extends west to Ealing Broadway [PAR] 1945 - After the war, new tracks next to to the main line railway start to be used. They run from North Acton to West Ruislip and include new tunnels from Liverpool Street to Leyton [PAR] 1994 - The Epping to Ongar shuttle service closes, due to low passenger numbers [PAR] Circle line [PAR] Although the first circular service started in 1884, the Circle line as we know it didn't really begin until the 1930s. The 'Circle line' name first appeared on a poster in 1936 but took another 13 years for it to get its own, separate line on the Tube map. [PAR] The tracks used by the Circle line were run by the Metropolitan Railway and District Railway, two companies who couldn't agree on how to run the line. Their differences initially meant that District Railway ran the clockwise trains and Metropolitan Railway, the anti-clockwise trains. [PAR] In December 2009, the Circle line was broken and replaced by an end-to-end service between Hammersmith and Edgware Road, via Aldgate. [PAR] Key Circle line dates [PAR] 1884 - The first circular service begins [PAR] 1868 - The Paddington to Farringdon (Metropolitan Railway) line extends to South Kensington. The District Railway opens its new line from South Kensington to Westminster at the same time [PAR] 1884 - The District Railway line finally extends to Mark Lane (now Tower Hill). It meets the Metropolitan Railway line to create a full circle [PAR] 1905 - The line is electrified [PAR] 1933 - Metropolitan Railway and District Railway become part of the London Passenger Transport Board [PAR] 1936 - The 'Circle line' name appears on a poster for the first time [PAR] 1949 - The Circle line gets its own line on the Tube map [PAR] 2009 - The Circle line is broken and replaced by and end-to-end service [PAR] District line [PAR] The District line first opened on Christmas Eve"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The first laser - The University of Chicago Press The first laser [PAR] The first laser [PAR] from A Century of Nature: Twenty-One Discoveries that Changed Science and the World [PAR] Laura Garwin and Tim Lincoln, editors [PAR] When the first working laser was reported in 1960, it was described as \"a solution looking for a problem.\" But before long the laser's distinctive qualities\u2014its ability to generate an intense, very narrow beam of light of a single wavelength\u2014were being harnessed for science, technology and medicine. Today, lasers are everywhere: from research laboratories at the cutting edge of quantum physics to medical clinics, supermarket checkouts and the telephone network. [PAR] Theodore Maiman made the first laser operate on 16 May 1960 at the Hughes Research Laboratory in California, by shining a high-power flash lamp on a ruby rod with silver-coated surfaces. He promptly submitted a short report of the work to the journal Physical Review Letters, but the editors turned it down. Some have thought this was because the Physical Review had announced that it was receiving too many papers on masers\u2014the longer-wavelength predecessors of the laser\u2014and had announced that any further papers would be turned down. But Simon Pasternack, who was an editor of Physical Review Letters at the time, has said that he turned down this historic paper because Maiman had just published, in June 1960, an article on the excitation of ruby with light, with an examination of the relaxation times between quantum states, and that the new work seemed to be simply more of the same. Pasternack's reaction perhaps reflects the limited understanding at the time of the nature of lasers and their significance. Eager to get his work quickly into publication, Maiman then turned to Nature, usually even more selective than Physical Review Letters, where the paper was better received and published on 6 August. [PAR] With official publication of Maiman's first laser under way, the Hughes Research Laboratory made the first public announcement to the news media on 7 July 1960. This created quite a stir, with front-page newspaper discussions of possible death rays, but also some skepticism among scientists, who were not yet able to see the careful and logically complete Nature paper. Another source of doubt came from the fact that Maiman did not report having seen a bright beam of light, which was the expected characteristic of a laser. I myself asked several of the Hughes group whether they had seen a bright beam, which surprisingly they had not. Maiman's experiment was not set up to allow a simple beam to come out of it, but he analyzed the spectrum of light emitted and found a marked narrowing of the range of frequencies that it contained. This was just what had been predicted by the theoretical paper on optical masers (or lasers) by Art Schawlow and myself, and had been seen in the masers that produced the longer-wavelength microwave radiation. This evidence, presented in figure 2 of Maiman's Nature paper, was definite proof of laser action. Shortly afterward, both in Maiman's laboratory at Hughes and in Schawlow's at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, bright red spots from ruby laser beams hitting the laboratory wall were seen and admired. [PAR] Maiman's laser had several aspects not considered in our theoretical paper, nor discussed by others before the ruby demonstration. First, Maiman used a pulsed light source, lasting only a few milliseconds, to excite (or \"pump\") the ruby. The laser thus produced only a short flash of light rather than a continuous wave, but because substantial energy was released during a short"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gaston County Museum Gaston County Museum [PAR] Gaston County Museum [PAR] [PAR] Object of the Week [PAR] On December 3rd 1901 the Safety Blade was first patented. The first safety razor was actually designed towards the end of the 1700\u2019s by Jean-Jacques Perret, a Frenchman. Throughout the 1800\u2019s razors were continually being developed, particularly in England and Germany. [PAR] However, in 1901, King Camp Gillette, a salesman from Wisconsin, patented the first razor with disposable blades. Before this, men had to shave with a straight edge razor, which was kept sharp by using a leather strap. Nicks to the skin were a lot more common! This innovation came at a great time, as by the turn of the century the clean- shaven look was coming back into fashion, particularly for the younger generations. The new razors had a guard that prevented the blade from cutting the skin and could be disposed of afterwards. [PAR] During the First World War, Gillette provided safety razors to every man who had enlisted, as part of their standard- issue belongings. So by 1918 3.5 million razors were being used by the military. [PAR] This particular razor in our collection is from the early 1900\u2019s. There is the reusable razor handle and the packet of disposable blades."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GM Daewoo - AutoZine GM Daewoo [PAR] GM Daewoo [PAR] Headquarters and R&D center: Bupyung [PAR] Main plants: Bupyung (Gentra, Tosca, Windstorm), Gunsan (Lacetti), Changwon (Matiz). [PAR] Sales figures [PAR] 2010: 1,842,374 units* (domestic sale: 125,730 units) [PAR] 2007: 1,886,632 units* [PAR] 2004: 900,000 units [PAR] 2003: 580,000 units [PAR] * A large number of cars produced were badged as Chevrolet, Pontiac, Holden and Buick for export. [PAR] Introduction [PAR] GM Daewoo is increasingly important to the fortune of GM. Previously it was seen as a cheap source of small cars feeding North America and Europe. Now with increased investment upping its R&D and design capability, Korea has become the leading engineering center for developing its global small car platform, Delta. GM Korea's designs are extensively used in overseas market - as Chevrolet in America, as Chevrolet / Opel / Vauxhall in Europe, as Holden in Australia and Chevrolet / Buick in China. [PAR] Previously, Suzuki also sold rebadged Leganza in the US market in order to fill its vacancy in mid-size cars. As a result, it acquired minority stakes in GM Daewoo. [PAR] Note: since Jan 2011, GM Daewoo becomes GM Korea and the Daewoo brand gives way to Chevrolet. Following its full integration into GM, it would be meaningless to continue updating this page. From now on related information will be reported on the GM page instead. [PAR] Brief History [PAR] The story of Daewoo began with General Motors. In order to enter the Korea market, GM established GM Korea in 1972 as a joint-venture with Shinjin (a small Korean car maker previously partnered with Toyota). 6 years later, majority stakes were sold to local industrial giant Daewoo group, thus the company was rename to Daewoo. [PAR] However, GM still controlled the development of its cars. Daewoo did not really involve much its new car development because GM could always find some outdated designs from its backyard - for example, Opel Kadett became Daewoo Le Mans / Racer. This car was also rebadged as Pontiac for sale in North America as GM wanted to make use of its cost advantage to fight against Japanese cars. The project gave Daewoo the first taste of large volume export as well as a modern assembly plant with annual capacity of 170,000 units. [PAR] GM quit in 1992 as it sold the remaining stakes to Daewoo group. As the US influence withdrew, Daewoo started developing its own cars. That called for hunting ex-Porsche engineer Ulrich Bez to head its engineering operation, setting up R&D centers in Europe and subcontracting development jobs to overseas consultants. Besides, Italian design houses were employed to style its new cars. The result was a trio of new models, Lanos, Nubira and Leganza, all launched in 1997. Next year arrived its smallest car, Matiz, designed by Giugiaro based on a proposal abandoned by FIAT Punto. Daewoo also established a joint-venture in Poland with FSO to produce Matiz for European market. [PAR] Matiz (1998) [PAR] The Asian financial crisis in 1997/98 hit South Korea hard. Many companies went burst because of their high debt level resulted from over-expansion in the last few years. Daewoo received the SUV maker Ssangyong in 1998, but this ownership lasted for less than two years, because Daewoo itself also went into bankruptcy in 2000. [PAR] It wasn't too bad indeed. Operated under creditor banks, Daewoo kept production as usual and even introduced some decent new models - Kalos, new generation Lanos, Nubira and Lacetti. [PAR] In 2002, GM came back and bought the majority assets of Daewoo. The company was renamed to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel Elliot Handler Remembered [PAR] Elliot Handler [PAR] (April 1916 \u2014 July 2011) [PAR] Elliot Handler, founder of Mattel, Inc., the world's largest toy company and well-known as the creator of the Hot Wheels\u00ae mega-brand, died at the age of 95. [PAR] With his wife Ruth Handler, Elliot transformed what began as a home-based business into the largest global toy company, with a rich portfolio of popular brands beloved by generations of children around the world, including Hot Wheels\u00ae, Barbie\u00ae, Fisher-Price\u00ae, and American Girl\u00ae. [PAR] The Handlers started Mattel Creations in 1945 with Harold \"Matt\" Matson, whose name was fused with Elliot's to form \"Mattel.\" Originally a small business enterprise headquartered in the Handlers' garage in suburban Los Angeles, Calif., the company launched with three pieces of shop equipment purchased on installment from Sears. [PAR] The first Mattel products produced from that location were picture frames, and Elliot soon developed a side business in dollhouse furniture made from picture frame scraps. [PAR] Elliot's product development talents were complemented by Ruth's marketing savvy, and the company turned a profit in its very first year. The Uke-A-Doodle\u00ae, a child-size ukelele, was the first in a line of musical toys that gave Mattel its first 'staple' business. After the Uke-A-Doodle introduction in 1947, Matson sold his share of the business. [PAR] Encouraged by their success, the Handlers soon shifted the company's emphasis to toys. A popular jack-in-the-box followed the Uke-A-Doodle, and by 1955, the company was valued at $500,000 and well on its way to becoming the world's number-one selling toy brand. [PAR] In 1955, a new television series produced by The Walt Disney Company called the \"Mickey Mouse Club\" was set to debut, and Disney and ABC Television asked if Mattel would consider sponsoring a 15-minute segment of the show. The drawback was that Mattel would be obligated to sponsor the program for one entire 52-week season, which would cost Mattel $500,000 - nearly its entire net worth. The campaign was an unabashed success, and Mattel instantly revolutionized the toy industry by turning a 'mom-and-pop' business with a seasonal focus on Christmas into a large-scale business enterprise that garnered impressive sales year-round. In fact, annual sales grew from $5 million to $14 million in just three years. [PAR] Advertising on television was one of two key decisions that the Handlers made during the 1950s, which transformed Mattel from a profitable business into an industry leader. The other key turning point was the invention and marketing of a three-dimensional doll through which little girls could act out their dreams of growing up. An instant sensation upon its introduction in 1959, Barbie\u00ae has since grown into a multi-billion dollar brand. [PAR] In the late 1960s, Mattel eagerly was in search of a toy hit that would capture boys\u2019 imaginations the way that Barbie\u00ae did for girls. Elliot had an idea for miniature die-cast vehicles that would incorporate speed, power and performance, as well as cool car designs. Introduced in 1968, Hot Wheels\u00ae were distinguished with customized designs and outrageous paint jobs, and also became a number-one selling toy brand. [PAR] Known as the \"whiz kids of the toy industry,\" the Handlers were renowned for inventing some of the world\u2019s best-known toy brands. In 1973, Elliot was named Mattel\u2019s Chairman of the Board, a position he would share with Ruth until 1975 when, after having helped nurture Mattel from a dollhouse furniture shop into a leading manufacturer, the Handlers left the company after more than 30 years. Elliot and Ruth became the first living inductees to the Toy Industry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Driving and the introduction of the UK driving ... History of Driving and the introduction of the UK driving licence. [PAR] A Potted History of Driving, and the UK Driving Licence. [PAR] The History of Driving and the UK Driving Licence. [PAR] We've started with the invention of motorised road vehicles. At that time there was no such thing as a driving licence. The development of the motor car, and the rapid increase over the years in the volume of vehicles on Britain's roads, resulted in the necessity for some means by which the government could ensure that safety prevailed. This 'History of Driving' starts before the driving licence was devised and follows the development of roads, cars and licences over the last 120 years or so. Read on to get an idea of how it all happened. [PAR] A History of Driving: [PAR] 1860 - 1900 [PAR] The invention of the motor car really began in the mid-late 18th century with the invention of small, passenger-carrying steam-powered road vehicles. Due to the size and power of these vehicles a 'Red Flag Act' was introduced in 1865, whereby it was compulsory for two people to operate and power the vehicle, while a third walked in front waving a red flag to warn other road users of its presence. [PAR] Germany's Karl Benz has, for the most part, been credited as the inventor of the first real, 'proper', motor car that was specifically designed to be operated by a sole driver on public highways. His car, invented in 1885-86, was a three-wheeled vehicle, with no windows, that ran on petrol. [PAR] The mid-1880's to the mid-1890's witnessed the development of numerous four-wheeled, petrol-powered road cars, and in 1896 'The Red Flag Act' was abolished and 'The Light Locomotives on the Highways Act' (The Emancipation Act) was introduced, stipulating an upper speed limit of 12mph for motorised road vehicles. Cars were on Britain's roads! [PAR] The first motor car race took place in 1895. [PAR] Front wheel drive appeared in 1897, the honeycombed radiator in 1898, and front suspension in 1899. [PAR] A History of Driving: [PAR] 1901 - 1920 [PAR] The Grand Prix was established in 1901 and was held in France, (although the first actual built-for-purpose race track was located at Brooklands in Surrey, built in 1907). [PAR] In 1903 the 'Motor Car Act' was introduced in the UK. The Act required all motor car owners to register their vehicles with their local county borough council and to display their registration at all times. It also made the driving licence compulsory. The licence was fabric-bound and similar in style to today's passports. It could be bought at local council office for 5 shillings; no test of driving competency was required. However, the 1903 Motor Act also introduced a penalty for reckless driving. [PAR] The car continued to develop rapidly over the next ten years and began to look more like the modern car, with headlights, windscreens, rubber tyres with pressure gauges, number plates and coil ignition, all by about 1908. [PAR] Henry Ford's 'Model T' was developed in America in 1909, and by 1913 he was manufacturing factory produced cars. Between 1909 and 1913 four-wheel brakes, the electric starter and four-wheel steering for off-road vehicles had been introduced, with mechanical wipers being developed in 1916. [PAR] A History of Driving: [PAR] 1921 - 1940 [PAR] Hydraulic wheel brakes appeared in 1921 and by 1922 Henry Ford had built one million cars. General Motors came to Britain in 1925. [PAR] The first British Grand Prix was held"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph [PAR] Sir Freddie Laker [PAR] 12:05AM GMT 11 Feb 2006 [PAR] Sir Freddie Laker, who died on Thursday aged 83, pioneered the idea of cheap air travel with his Skytrain to America in 1977; his entrepreneurial spirit brought him immense public affection and the wrath of rivals who conspired successfully to break his business. [PAR] Before Skytrain, international flights were largely the preserve of the rich. After the Second World War it was thought that competition between airlines might prejudice passenger safety, and hence the market was strictly regulated by the International Air Transport Association. [PAR] IATA allowed state airlines to maintain an inefficient monopoly offering identical services at high prices. By 1971 the only exception was charter airlines catering for the growing package holiday trade. Under a bizarre IATA rule intended to preserve the monopoly, charter passengers needed six months' membership of an \"affinity group\" whose main purpose was not travel, groups such as the Dahlia Society or the Left Hand Club. Backdated membership soon became openly obtainable at airports. [PAR] Laker, whose airline was being regularly fined for carrying large numbers of bogus Rose Growers to America, proposed an easier system. Passengers who wanted a cheap flight could queue for a ticket at the airport, just as they would at a railway station before taking a train. It took six years of strenuous argument to persuade the British and American governments to see the idea's merits. [PAR] The first Skytrain took off for New York in September 1977. Although Laker offered no frills (such as meals), at \u00a359 it cost a third of any other ticket. He made \u00a31 million profit in the first year, and by 1980 was carrying one in seven transatlantic passengers. [PAR] Laker took a boyish delight in his success; he was memorably photographed zooming around the Gatwick runway pretending to be a Spitfire. Yet his concern for the consumer's interest endeared him to the public. He was voted \"Man of the Year\" and in 1978 knighted by the Callaghan government. [PAR] Then, in February 1982, Laker Airways abruptly went into receivership with debts of \u00a3264 million. The collapse was so sudden that its flights were turned round in mid-air. At first it appeared that Laker had overreached himself, borrowing heavily to finance 15 new planes just as the pound plunged against the dollar. The major airlines had also taken concerted action, offering cheap fares for the first time; and when Pan Am cut the price of its regular service by two-thirds in October 1981, Laker's passengers deserted him. [PAR] In 1983 the liquidators Touche Ross began an anti-trust action in America, claiming a billion dollars from 10 major airlines. The allegations went beyond predatory pricing; British Airways, Pan Am, TWA and Lufthansa were said to have met to plot Laker's downfall. In particular, several airlines had threatened the manufacturer McDonnell Douglas that they would buy elsewhere if it rescheduled Laker's debt. The Justice Department found the evidence in a school project by the daughter of a McDonnell Douglas director. [PAR] The action threatened BA's privatisation, and in 1985 the defendants settled out of court the \u00a335 million owed to Laker's creditors, staff and passengers. Laker himself reluctantly accepted \u00a36 million in compensation and retreated to the Bahamas. The lessons have since been absorbed by Sir Richard Branson. [PAR] Frederick Alfred Laker was born at Canterbury on August 6 1922. His father, a merchant seaman, deserted the family when Freddie was five, and his mother then worked as a cleaner. At the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 60s and 70s Beer Guide - Retrowow The 60s and 70s Beer Guide [PAR] 60s and 70s Beer Guide [PAR] Changing fashions ruled beer drinking in the 50s, 60s and 70s. First bottled pale ale challenged draught mild as the Nation's favourite drink. Then a few years later, everyone was drinking draught keg bitter, with Watneys Red Barrel the best known brand. [PAR] Lager was the drink of the 70s. The hot summer of 1976 provided a reason to try the beverage, but tastes were changing. In 1971 there was a backlash against the relentless spread of keg bitter and lager when CAMRA, the Campaign for Real Ale, formed. In the latter part of the seventies there was a resurgence of some traditional brews; real ale, though, still remained a minority taste. [PAR] From mild to bitter [PAR] Mild was the working man's drink for the first half of the twentieth century. The only choice was between mild and stout; bitter was a luxury. In 1900 best bitter was almost unknown and in 1929 it was still only a tiny fraction total beer sales. [PAR] At the start of the sixties, mild was the dominant beer. Around 40% of the output of Bass Charrington, Britain's largest brewer, was mild. By 1967 this had fallen to 30%. Mild was losing favour, though it was the cheapest beer. It did have strongholds in the Midlands (notably M & B Mild), but the majority chose best bitter. [PAR] Best bitter on draught and its bottled equivalent, best pale ale, were the favourite beers of the 60s. Pale ale was sold as a premium beer; it was a popular luxury. [PAR] From cask to keg [PAR] Keg bitter is pasteurised to stop any fermentation. Carbon dioxide is added to give the beer sparkle. The pressure of carbon dioxide is used to draw the beer up from the cellar. So keg beer does not need a traditional long handled beer pump. [PAR] The first keg beer was Watneys Red Barrel , developed in the 30s. The big brewers though, did not heavily promote keg bitter until the late 50s. The first brewer to use the term keg and to promote sales of keg beer was Flowers (later taken over by Whitbread). Many of the others followed suit and each launched their own brand of keg bitter: Worthington 'E', Whitbread Tankard, Ind Coope Double Diamond, Youngers Tartan and Courage Tavern. [PAR] Sales of keg beer increased steadily throughout the sixties. In 1960 it was 1% of the total beer market, by 1965 7% and by 1971 18%. Keg beer was most popular with the young. It was the natural choice for the new themed pubs and disco pubs of the 60s. Keg bitter was more expensive than traditional cask conditioned ales and was marketed as a premium brand. [PAR] There was a tendency for brewers to reduce the strength and original gravity (a measure of the proportion of ingredients, hops, barley etc to water) of cask beers. The keg beers were the best the brewery had to offer so there was no need to spend as much on the cask conditioned beers. Throughout the sixties people suspected that that beer was getting weaker; they were right. [PAR] By the latter part of the sixties, carbon dioxide was often added to cask beers as well; they were drawn up from the cellar under pressure in much the same way as keg beer. For the drinker at the bar, there was little to choose between them. The more discerning opted for keg. [PAR] Bottled and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russia and Europe Team Up for Mars Missions - Space.com Russia and Europe Team Up for Mars Missions [PAR] Russia and Europe Team Up for Mars Missions [PAR] By SPACE.com Staff | [PAR] March 14, 2013 06:00pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Artist's concept of the ExoMars 2016 spacecraft, which consists of the Trace Gas Orbiter and the Entry, descent and landing Demonstrator Module (EDM). [PAR] Credit: ESA-AOES Medialab [PAR] Russia and the European Space Agency have officially teamed up to send a series of spacecraft to search for signs of life on Mars. [PAR] European space officials and Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) signed a deal Thursday (March 14) to launch a Mars orbiter mission in 2016 and a rover in 2018 as part of what is now a joint ExoMars program. [PAR] The Mars exploration agreement outlines the two agencies' responsibilities for the upcoming unmanned missions. In 2016, ESA will provide the Trace Gas Orbiter to study the atmosphere of Mars to measure its chemical composition, as well as an entry, descent and landing demonstrator module. [PAR] For the 2018 mission, ESA will provide the carrier and the ExoMars rover , which will search for signs that life on Mars existed in the past or present, collecting samples from as deep as 6.5 feet (2 meters) beneath the surface of the Red Planet. [PAR] \"It will be the first Mars rover able to drill to depths of 2 m, collecting samples that have been shielded from the harsh conditions of the surface, where radiation and oxidants can destroy organic materials,\" ESA officials said in a statement. [PAR] ExoMars rover [PAR] Credit: ESA [PAR] Roscosmos, meanwhile, will supply the rockets to launch both Mars missions, as well as the 2018 descent module and surface platform. Both space agencies will provide scientific instruments and will work together on the scientific goals of the missions, according to ESA officials. [PAR] ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain called Thursday's agreement a \"momentous occasion\" for the ExoMars program after meeting with the head of Roscosmos, Vladimir Popovkin, at the ESA headquarters in Paris. Dordain said in a statement that the agreement \"will demonstrate the competitiveness of European industry, be important for preparing a solid participation of ESA in future international exploration missions and address the key question of whether life ever arose on Mars.\" [PAR] NASA pulled out of the ExoMars program last year due to budget cuts in its planetary science program, but ESA officials said the U.S. space agency will still contribute some communications and engineering support for the new Mars missions. [PAR] Follow SPACE.com on Twitter @Spacedotcom . We're also on Facebook and Google+ . Original story on SPACE.com . [PAR] No planet is more steeped in myth and misconception than Mars. This quiz will reveal how much you really know about some of the goofiest claims about the red planet.[DOC] [TLE] International Cooperation in Space - NASA International Cooperation in Space [PAR] Submit your NASA.gov search inquiry [PAR] International Cooperation in Space [PAR] Program/Project Management Resource List #34 [PAR] Revised April 2012 [PAR] Provided by the NASA Headquarters Library [PAR] \"Many hands make light work\", Proverbs , John Heywood [PAR] Today, as more and more nations have the capability to build and launch spacecraft, and economic troubles have compressed the budgets of space agencies across the globe, the old mindset of international competition for \"space firsts\" has made way for international cooperation in space to share costs and to take advantage of the special talents and facilities of each country for a common goal. [PAR] The greatest example of this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Dunlop, Charles Goodyear and the History of Tires John Dunlop, Charles Goodyear and the History of Tires [PAR] John Dunlop, Charles Goodyear and the History of Tires [PAR] John Boyd Dunlop with the first bicycle to have pneumatic tires. Hulton Archive/Getty Images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 10, 2016. [PAR] The rubber pneumatic tires seen on millions of cars across the world are the result of multiple inventors working across several decades. And those inventors have names that should be recognizable to anyone who's ever bought tires for their car: Michelin, Goodyear, Dunlop. [PAR] Of these, none had so great an impact on the invention of the tire than John Dunlop and Charles Goodyear. [PAR] Charles Goodyear and the Invention of Vulcanized Rubber [PAR] None of it would have been possible without Charles Goodyear , who in 1844 -- more than 50 years before the first rubber tires would appear on cars -- patented a process known as vulcanization. This process involved heating and removing the sulphur from rubber, thus making the rubber water-proof and winter-proof and allowing it to retain its elasticity. While Goodyear's claim to have invented vulcanization was challenged, he prevailed in court and is today remembered as the sole inventor of vulcanized rubber. [PAR] And that became hugely important once people realized it would be perfect for making tires. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Negotiate Your Bills Lower [PAR] John Dunlop and the Pneumatic Tire [PAR] Robert William Thomson (1822 - 1873) invented the actual first vulcanized rubber pneumatic tire. Thomson patented his pneumatic tire in 1845, and his invention worked well, but it was too costly to catch on. [PAR] That changed with John Boyd Dunlop (1840-1921), a Scottish veterinarian and the recognized inventor of the first practical pneumatic (inflatable) tire. His patent, granted in 1888, wasn't for automobile tires, however: it was intended for use on bicycles (see picture). [PAR] Later Developments [PAR] In 1895, Andr\u00e9 Michelin and his brother Edouard, who had previously patented a removable bike tire, were the first to use pneumatic tires on an automobile . [PAR] In 1911, Philip Strauss invented the first successful tire, which was a combination tire and air filled inner tube. Strauss' company the Hardman Tire & Rubber Company marketed the tires. [PAR] In 1903, P.W. Litchfield of the Goodyear Tire Company patented the first tubeless tire, however, it was never commercially exploited until the 1954 Packard. [PAR] In 1904, mountable rims were introduced that allowed drivers to fix their own flats. In 1908, Frank Seiberling invented grooved tires with improved road traction. [PAR] In 1910, B.F. Goodrich Company invented longer life tires by adding carbon to the rubber. [PAR] Goodrich also invented the first synthetic rubber tires in 1937 made of a patented substance called Chemigum."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 15 Famous Actors Turned Politicians | Backstage 15 Famous Actors Turned Politicians | Backstage [PAR] 15 Famous Actors Turned Politicians [PAR] By KC Wright | Posted Sept. 22, 2015, 1 p.m. [PAR] Share: [PAR] Shirley Temple [PAR] Photo Source: Olga Zelenkova/Shutterstock.com [PAR] The U.S. political climate is heating up as we draw closer to the 2016 elections, and it\u2019s time to honor some fellow actors who made a name for themselves in Hollywood and in Washington. Is a career in politics in your future? Draw inspiration from these 15 performers who served our country in various political seats. [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Certainly the most famous performer-turned-politician in history, actor Reagan became the POTUS in 1981 after serving as the governor of California. Prior to his political career, Reagan had a seven-year contract with Warner Brothers Studios where he worked on numerous films; he also served in the U.S. Army Air Force\u2019s Motion Picture Unit, and was president of the Screen Actors Guild for seven terms between 1947 and 1960! [PAR] John Davis Lodge [PAR] A star of stage and screen from the 1930s to the 1940s (\u201cLittle Women,\u201d \u201cThe Scarlet Empress\u201d), Lodge made a new name for himself when he was elected into the U.S. House of Representatives in 1947. He later became the Governor of Connecticut from 1951 to 1955, and was a U.S. Ambassador to Spain, Argentina, and Switzerland throughout the next three decades. [PAR] George Murphy [PAR] Predating Reagan and Lodge was Murphy, a star of numerous musical movies during the earliest days of talking pictures. Murphy was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1950 for \u201cservices in interpreting the film industry to the country at large,\u201d and was SAG President from 1944 to 1946. Murphy became a Republican senator from California in 1964, and is the only senator to date with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . [PAR] Helen Gahagan Douglas [PAR] This 1920s Broadway actor (and star of the 1935 film \u201cShe\u201d) made history as the first Democratic woman to be elected to Congress from the state of California. She served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1945 to 1951, and worked to support women\u2019s and civil rights. She ran for U.S. Senate in 1950 and lost the election to Richard Nixon, but not before gifting him with the enduring nickname \u201cTricky Dick.\u201d [PAR] Fred Grandy [PAR] A popular sitcom actor throughout the 1970s and \u201980s\u2014he recurred on \u201cMaude\u201d and played Gopher on \u201cThe Love Boat\u201d\u2014 Grandy was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1986, where he remained for four terms. He ran for Governor of Iowa in 1994, but lost the election by a small margin. As an actor, Grandy was recently seen on Season 3 of \u201cThe Mindy Project.\u201d [PAR] Ben Jones [PAR] Once known as Cooter on long running tv show \u201cThe Dukes of Hazzard,\u201d Jones had a second career as a Democrat representing Georgia in the U.S. House of Representatives. Jones served from 1989 to 1993, and returned to acting, writing, and other pursuits after losing his seat in 1994. [PAR] Shirley Temple Black [PAR] No one could have guessed that this iconic child actor would one day have a reach far beyond her dozens of family films. The great ringlet and tap-shoe-donning star of 1930s and \u201940s took a step back from show business around 1950, and began a career in foreign service with the UN General Assembly in 1969. She became a U.S. Ambassador to Ghana in 1974, and was later named the 18th Chief of Protocol of the United States"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News [PAR] The day Andy Warhol, pop art icon, died at 58 of a heart attack in 1987 [PAR] The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] Pop artist Andy Warhol is shown in this 1987 photo. [PAR] (AP) [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] Monday, February 22, 2016, 10:58 AM [PAR] (Originally published by the Daily News on Feb. 23, 1987. This story was written by Don Gentile and Mike Santangelo.) [PAR] Andy Warhol, 58, the pop culture prince who turned images of Campbell\u2019s soup cans and Brillo pads into art, died yesterday of a heart attack at New York Hospital. [PAR] Warhol was pronounced dead at 6:31 a.m. after a team of doctors tried in vain for an hour to revive him. [PAR] The death came a day after the artist underwent gallbladder surgery. [PAR] \u201cWe don\u2019t know if the heart attack was related to the operation,\u201d said Diana Goldin, a hospital spokeswoman. \u201cHe came through the operation (on Saturday) fine and was in stable condition.\u201d [PAR] A private nurse was with Warhol in his hospital room when the heart attack occurred about 5:30 a.m. as he slept. She quickly summoned a cardiac-arrest team but its efforts failed. [PAR] Goldin said an autopsy would be done to determine the exact cause of death. [PAR] Glitterati shocked [PAR] Warhol\u2019s death shocked the art community, his friends and the glitterati who surrounded the slender, pallid and soft-spoken celebrity, alway recognizable in his blond wig. [PAR] \u201cHe was a man of genius,\u201d said Mayor Koch. \u201cAny time a man of greatness leaves this world leaving a positive impression, it is something to mourn.\u201d [PAR] Long-time friend, dance company duenna Martha Graham, 93, was especially saddened. [PAR] Today, at an 8 p.m. auction in Christie\u2019s art gallery, three recently completed Warhol paintings of Graham as a young dancer will be auctioned off to benefit the Martha Graham Dance Company. [PAR] Upon hearing of the death, Graham tried to stop the auction but could not. [PAR] \u201cWhen Andy first saw me dance, he said it touched him deeply,\u201d said Graham in a statement. \u201cHe touched me deeply as well. He was a gifted, strange maverick. It is difficult for me to realize he is gone.\u201d [PAR] Richard Oldenburg, director of the Museum of Modern Art, said Warhol \u201cwas one of the first people to really become a star as an artist.\u201d [PAR] Born Andrew Warhola, one of three sons of Czech immigrants, Warhol grew up in the industrial city of McKeesport, Pa., near Pittsburgh. A delicate youth, he suffered three nervous breakdowns as a child. [PAR] His father died when he was 14, but he pulled together the money to attend the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, graduating in 1949 with a bachelor\u2019s degree in pictorial design. He moved to New York City, cut the final vowel from his name and quickly found success as a commercial artist. [PAR] Filmmaker Andy Warhol checks lighting for picture featuring underground movie star Edie Sedgwick. [PAR] (John Peodincuk) [PAR] But Warhol grew restless in the constraints of the work. He began showing drawings in 1956, and began to paint in earnest four years later. [PAR] Success came quickly to the man who once said, \u201cIn the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes.\u201d [PAR] In 1961, a Manhattan department store placed his giant likeness of Dick Tracy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] People who suffered inappropriate deaths [Archive ... - CPFC People who suffered inappropriate deaths [Archive] - CPFC BBS [PAR] Gaudi was hit by a tram and died. [PAR] mik59 [PAR] 04-09-2006, 09:54 PM [PAR] Originally posted by 917L [PAR] Wwere you born an arsehole? or do you practice ?:veryangry Why you say that? MD was pointing out that the surname was got wrong, therefore - fickle posterity because less than 24 hours after his death, this happens! [PAR] Mong! [PAR] 04-09-2006, 09:56 PM [PAR] Originally posted by Oddjob [PAR] The bloke who played Donald 'Flathead' Fisher in Home And Away was run over by a remote control ice cream van in Brisbane last year [PAR] Jesus, now he's a blast from the past of my youth! [PAR] m355y [PAR] 04-09-2006, 10:12 PM [PAR] Richard Burns - brain tumour. [PAR] for someone who drove 300bhp cars at 150mph for a living, to have to quit doing what he loved and essentially waste away while the sport went on without him I thought was really sad. He died on the same day as George Best and I was talking to a guy the other day who was totally shocked to hear he'd died - he had no idea. It was really sad. One moment he was challenging for the World Rally Championship (the last English World Champion in any major sport, I believe), the next he was never going to compete again and very likely to die. And aside from the motor racing press nobody really paid much attention. Had he crashed into a tree in the middle of a rally it would have been talked up as a major shock. In the end it was probably better for him in his last months but for such a high profile sportsman it was sad his passing got so little attention. [PAR] mik59 [PAR] 04-09-2006, 10:21 PM [PAR] Good call m355y [PAR] Not famous but a Russian who believed he was immortal after surviving a 10,000-volt electric shock in 1992 died after drinking anti-freeze. Dmitry Butakov, 42, invited journalists to Lipetsk to watch him survive the feat, but after his second half litre he collapsed into a coma and later died. [PAR] HolmesdaleNomad [PAR] Nobody heard it. I'm going to stay awake from giggling now, you bugger! [PAR] m355y [PAR] 04-09-2006, 10:33 PM [PAR] Originally posted by Oddjob [PAR] The bloke who played Donald 'Flathead' Fisher in Home And Away was run over by a remote control ice cream van in Brisbane last year [PAR] had to check imdb, he's still alive according to that and Wikipedia. [PAR] Phew. That guy's a crap Oz soap legend! Had me worried. [PAR] daz_eagle [PAR] surely everyone's death is 'inappropriate'??? [PAR] (unless they're a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd)... [PAR] Midfieldgeneral [PAR] Quote 'What the f**k was that! (Mayor of Hiroshima 1945). [PAR] adrenalin john [PAR] had to check imdb, he's still alive according to that and Wikipedia. [PAR] Phew. That guy's a crap Oz soap legend! Had me worried. [PAR] Wasn't just me then:o [PAR] hughff [PAR] 05-09-2006, 01:23 AM [PAR] George Bernard Shaw died from complications after he fell out of a tree he had climbed so he could trim the branches. He was about 96. [PAR] hughff [PAR] 05-09-2006, 01:26 AM [PAR] The guy who attached weather balloons to his deck chair and floated over the approach corridor to LAX at several thousand feet (he was rescued by being towed to gorund by a helicopter) shot himself. [PAR] sydney eagle [PAR] 05-09-2006, 01:47 AM [PAR] Payne Stewert the golfer and all the crew on his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean-Claude Duvalier - The New York Times Jean-Claude Duvalier - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Supported by [PAR] Jean-Claude Duvalier [PAR] News about Jean-Claude Duvalier, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. More [PAR] Jean-Claude Duvalier, known as Baby Doc, is a former dictator of Haiti . Mr. Duvalier ruled with brutality and corruption for nearly 15 years before being overthrown in 1986. [PAR] He is the son of Fran\u00e7ois Duvalier , known as Papa Doc, a much feared dictator of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. The younger Mr. Duvalier took power, when he was just 19, following the death of his father. In all, the Duvalier dynasty lasted about three decades and was marked by the family\u2019s harsh repression of its opponents, with the help of a special police unit called the Tontons Macoute . [PAR] Mr. Duvalier went into exile in France in 1986. In the wake of his ouster, the country turned on his security forces, slaughtering them by the dozens and even desecrating Fran\u00e7ois Duvalier\u2019s mausoleum. His departure ushered in a period of halting democracy that has continued with tumultuous elections. [PAR] Mr. Duvalier long flirted with returning, telling reporters over the years that he would like to go home. In 2007, Ren\u00e9 Pr\u00e9val , the former president of Haiti, said Mr. Duvalier could return but would face justice for the money the government said he had looted from the treasury, as well as for the deaths and torture of political opponents at the hands of the secret police. [PAR] In January 2011, Mr. Duvalier returned to Haiti, saying he had come only to help his country, not to get involved in politics. [PAR] Angry reactions poured in from around the world, with human rights groups demanding that the Haitian government charge Mr. Duvalier with crimes against humanity \u2014 including the kidnapping, torture and murder of thousands of his opponents \u2014 and with stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from the nation, the poorest in the hemisphere. [PAR] On the streets, there were signs that Mr. Duvalier\u2019s arrival had started a new cycle of polarization that has crippled the country for decades. Some decried Mr. Duvalier as a vestige of one of the darkest chapters in the country\u2019s history, while others waxed nostalgic about him as the only hope for change in Haiti. [PAR] On Jan. 18, Haitian prosecutors charged Mr. Duvalier with corruption and embezzlement , and he was taken into police custody. He was released hours later, but was ordered to remain in Haiti while a judge considered whether there was sufficient evidence to send Mr. Duvalier to trial. [PAR] He has faced threats of prosecution in the past for the many human rights abuses committed during his rule , and for the hundreds of millions of dollars government officials have said he looted from the country . [PAR] Financial Motive? [PAR] Mr. Duvalier\u2019s risky return home from France may have been driven by another motivation: money . [PAR] Though Mr. Duvalier has long been accused of looting $300 million before fleeing, his lawyers and friends have said that much of his money was squandered on a lavish lifestyle of jewelry, chateaus, fancy cars and a very expensive divorce from his ex-wife. [PAR] But about $4 million still sits frozen in an account in Switzerland, and Mr. Duvalier has publicly vowed to make every effort to get it. Haitian officials, human rights advocates and political analysts believe that Mr. Duvalier came back to the country for the sole purpose of making an end"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 28 May History: This Date - safran-arts.com 28 May History: This Date [PAR] REGIONAL SUMMARIES: Africa \u2014 Americas \u2014 Asia and the Pacific \u2014 Europe and Central Asia \u2014 Middle East and North Africa . [PAR] 2002 NATO and Russia sign a cooperation agreement, in a military base near Rome. Then US president Bush (Jr.), who, like Russian president Putin and other leaders was in attendance, visits the Pope. \u0097 MORE [PAR] 2001 In an interview with ABC's correspondent John Miller, Osama Bin Laden makes the following comment on the fatwa which he issued calling Muslims to kill Americans regardless of whether they are civilians or military: \"Allah ordered us in this religion to purify Muslim land of all non-believers\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd After World War II, the Americans became more aggressive and oppressive, especially in the Muslim world. American history does not distinguish between civilians and military, and not even women and children. They are the ones who used the bombs against Nagasaki. Can these bombs distinguish between infants and military? America does not have a religion that will prevent it from destroying all people.\" (The interview would be broadcast on 10 June 2001). [PAR] 2000 President Alberto Fujimori \"wins\" overwhelmingly an election in Peru which is considered invalid by international observers and by his challenger Alejandro Toledo who boycotted the election. Fujimori does not know it yet, but this is the beginning of his downfall. [PAR] 1998 Two bank mergers [PAR] Merger mania sweeps through the financial services industry. The wheeling and dealing kicks off just minutes after noon, as Republic Security Financial Corp. signs an agreement to acquire First Palm Beach Bancorp Inc. The merger, which was consummated with a $279.3 million stock swap, positioned the West Palm Beach-based Republic Corp. as the prime independent banking player in Florida. [PAR] Things quieted down for a few hours after the Republic-First Palm deal, but, later in the afternoon, the action picked up again, as another pair of banks signed off on an even more lucrative merger. First Hawaiian Inc. and BancWest Corp. joined forces to create a $14 billion banking behemoth based in the western United States. The merger, which cost around $1 billion, gave First Hawaiian's stockholders a small majority stake in the new institution. [PAR] 1996 US President Clinton's former business partners in the Whitewater land deal, James and Susan McDougal, and Arkansas Gov. Jim Guy Tucker, were convicted of fraud. [PAR] 1993 Claudio Rodr\u00edguez, Premio Pr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdncipe de Asturias de las Letras. [PAR] ^ 1991 Addis Ababa falls to rebels [PAR] Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, falls to forces of the Ethiopian People\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), ending seventeen years of Marxist rule,. a week after the country's longtime Marxist ruler, Mengistu Haile Mariam [1937\u2013], resigned his post and fled. [PAR] On 12 September 1974, Haile Selassie [23 Jul 1892 \u2013 26 Aug 1975], the emperor of Ethiopia since 01 April 1930, was deposed in a military coup. Ethiopia\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds new rulers set up a Marxist regime, executed thousands of their political opponents, and aligned themselves with the Soviet Union. War with Somalia and severe droughts during the 1980s brought famine to the Ethiopian people, leading to considerable internal strife and independence movements in the regions of Eritrea and Tigre. [PAR] In early 1991, the EPRDF, a Tigrean-led coalition of rebel organizations under the leadership of Meles Zenawi, began to achieve real successes and defeated the Ethiopian army, forcing military dictator Haile Mariam Mengistu to flee the country. [PAR] On 28 May 1991, in the midst of cease-fire talks, EPRDF tanks enter Addis Ababa virtually unopposed. Soon"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands ... The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands | Cato Institute [PAR] The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands [PAR] By Doug Bandow [PAR] This article appeared in the Daily Caller on April 2, 2010. [PAR] Washington collects alliances like people collect Facebook \u201cfriends.\u201d As the Falklands Islands dispute heats up again, the U.S. finds itself being pressed to take sides. It turns out that collecting allies can be expensive. [PAR] Nearly 30 years ago Argentina and Great Britain fought an improbable war over the lightly populated British colonial outpost (called the Malvinas by Buenos Aires). The islands likely had been visited by Patagonian Indians but were uninhabited when first discovered by Europeans, probably either the Portuguese or Spanish. [PAR] France established the first known settlement, followed by Great Britain. The Spanish took over the French claim and demolished the British community. The two countries settled their dispute in 1771 and Britain eventually withdrew. Revolution caused Argentina to supplant Spain. The former established a settlement in 1828, which was attacked by U.S. warships after a seal-hunting dispute. The British returned in 1833 in force and re-established control. [PAR] So who \u201cowns\u201d the island? [PAR] The proper answer is: who cares? Alas, fishing rights and possible oil deposits are involved, as well as national pride. Buenos Aires began pressing its claim in 1945 when it signed the United Nations Charter. The two countries negotiated in the 1960s, but no settlement emerged since the Falklands residents wanted to remain British. In 1982 the Argentine military junta invaded the islands, apparently hoping that London would accept the loss. Instead, Britain responded with force, winning a short but sharp war. [PAR] The junta was swept from power; Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher won a landslide re-election. The two nations renewed diplomatic ties in 1992 but the issue languished, until a British oil company recently began exploratory drilling in island waters. Argentine President Christina Kirchner accused London of violating her nation\u2019s sovereignty. In early February her government blocked departure of a ship with supplies for the drilling operation. [PAR] Argentina\u2019s foreign minister recently met with United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, who offered to mediate. Moreover, 32 Latin American governments expressed their support for \u201cthe legitimate rights of the republic of Argentina in the sovereignty dispute with Great Britain.\u201d [PAR] The appropriate question for Washington is: what does this have to do with the U.S.? Alas, both Argentina and Britain want America\u2019s support. And out of London has come the plaintive plea: aren\u2019t we allies? [PAR] The U.S. has no discernible interest in the controversy. England controls the islands, but that doesn\u2019t mean its control is legitimate: Washington\u2019s position has been to support British administration, not sovereignty. Obviously, the dispute should be handled peacefully. But President Barack Obama, whose Kenyan grandfather apparently was tortured by British colonial overlords during the 1950\u2019s \u201cMau Mau\u201d revolt, has no reason to defend this vestige of Britain\u2019s colonial past. [PAR] On her recent visit to Buenos Aires Secretary of State Hillary Clinton suggested that the dispute be handled by the UN. Of course, no Western industrialized nation should want its affairs decided by the denizens of Turtle Bay. The secretary was on firmer ground in offering Washington\u2019s \u201chelp in facilitating\u201d negotiations. [PAR] Alas, in London anything other than full-throated support is being treated as disloyalty of the most monstrous character. Officially, the British government expressed its thanks to Secretary Clinton but denied any need for mediation. The private reaction was less restrained. Con Coughlin of the Daily Telegraph"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Undercurrents Of A Tanker Disaster - tribunedigital ... The Undercurrents Of A Tanker Disaster - tribunedigital-chicagotribune [PAR] The Undercurrents Of A Tanker Disaster [PAR] August 10, 1987|By Reviewed by Michael Arndt, A Tribune financial reporter. [PAR] Superwreck [PAR] By Rudolph Chelminski [PAR] William Morrow & Co., 242 pages, $17.95 [PAR] On March 16, 1978, the Amoco Cadiz, a supertanker weighted with 58 million gallons of crude oil, encountered a late winter gale off the rocky coast of Brittany. Lesser ships weather heavier seas, but the Cadiz was fatally injured. [PAR] At 9:45 a.m., the ship`s steering mechanism broke. By the end of the day, the foundering ship had run aground and was splitting apart. [PAR] Oil gushing from its holds coated about 250 miles of coast rich with shellfish and caused an ecological disaster that the French say cost them as much as $1.2 billion--a sum they are still trying to collect in court from Amoco Corp., the ship`s owner. It was history`s worst oil tanker spill. [PAR] Author Rudolph Chelminski concludes that events needn`t have turned out this way. Despite his book`s subtitle, ``Amoco Cadiz: The Shipwreck That Had to Happen,`` Chelminski makes a case that the spill could have been prevented had Amoco not been so greedy. [PAR] Amoco executives, Chelminski writes, knew the Cadiz had problems with hydraulic cylinders that controlled its rudder even before it set sail in 1974. Yet repairs were postponed to keep the ship at sea. The reason: The Cadiz earned $28,000 in rental fees every day it ferried oil between the Persian Gulf and Europe. [PAR] Once the ship lost its rudder, Chelminski argues, more could have been done to avert the grounding. The Cadiz`s captain, Pasquale Bardari, apparently fearful of what bosses in Chicago would say, did not summon help for 1 1/2 hours after losing control of the ship. After a tugboat arrived, he haggled for hours over terms of the tow to save money. [PAR] Bardari radioed Chicago several times to speak with Amoco superiors but never issued an SOS call until the ship was speared by coastal rocks, the author says. [PAR] The French were not entirely innocent bystanders, either. Chelminski points out that several French maritime offices carefully monitored the Cadiz as it loomed toward shore but did nothing. [PAR] Chelminski, a European correspondent for Reader`s Digest, has documented his arguments from court proceedings in Chicago and London, press accounts and his own notes from his coverage of the spill. [PAR] Descriptions of the tanker, which he compares to a ``bloated and underpowered oilpot,`` and of life in its comfortable cabin, are vivid. [PAR] At times his writing is grandiloquent, however. Chelminski writes that of the six engineering officers, ``no fewer than four held chief engineer`s licenses.`` Better to say simply that four had engineer`s licenses, if that indeed was the number. There are also a few errors. The initial French claim for damages was 1.9 billion francs, not $1.9 billion, and the pollution headed east along Brittany, not west, which would have been to the open sea. [PAR] But on the whole, ``Superwreck`` is a solid, in-depth look into the miserable life and infamous death of the Amoco Cadiz. [PAR] MORE:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1985: Live Aid makes millions for ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1985: Live Aid makes millions for Africa [PAR] 1985: Live Aid makes millions for Africa [PAR] The Live Aid concert for the starving in Africa has raised triple the \ufffd10m expected. [PAR] And as the London event draws to a close at Wembley Stadium, Britain had contributed \ufffd1,100,000 to the global total of \ufffd30m. [PAR] Described as the Woodstock of the eighties, the world's biggest rock festival was organised by Boomtown Rats singer Bob Geldof to raise money for famine relief in Africa. [PAR] Wembley was packed with a crowd of 72,000, andTV pictures, co-ordinated at BBC Television Centre, have been beamed to over 1.5 bn people in 160 countries in the biggest broadcast ever known. [PAR] The transatlantic concert began in London's midday sunshine with a fanfare for Prince Charles and Princess Diana and Status Quo performing Rocking All over the World. [PAR] Stars were flown in by helicopter into the arena in a line-up that included David Bowie, Wham and royal favourites Dire Straits. [PAR] Don't go to the pub tonight - please stay in and give us your money [PAR] Bob Geldof [PAR] Frequent appeals by Bob Geldof reminded viewers of the motive for the occasion: \"Don't go to the pub tonight. Please stay in and give us your money. There are people dying now.\" [PAR] He himself took the call from the ruling family in Dubai who made the biggest single donation of \ufffd1m. [PAR] Across the UK eight appeal centres were set up with 200 phone lines to handle - mainly credit card - donations of up to \ufffd2,000. [PAR] In the US 22,000 pledges were received within five minutes of the Beach Boys taking to the stage in the simultaneous concert at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia. [PAR] The 16-hour music marathon is being completed there tonight with acts including Bob Dylan, Duran Duran and Paul Simon. [PAR] Nine months after the droughts, disease and famine in north eastern Africa were brought to the media's attention the UN has warned that 160m people are still affected. [PAR] Governments have begun a global relief operation but there are still problems of distribution in the worst hit areas - mainly Sudan and Ethiopia.[DOC] [TLE] Live Aid concert - History.com \u2014 American & World History Live Aid concert - Jul 13, 1985 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Live Aid concert [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On July 13, 1985, at Wembley Stadium in London, Prince Charles and Princess Diana officially open Live Aid, a worldwide rock concert organized to raise money for the relief of famine-stricken Africans. Continued at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia and at other arenas around the world, the 16-hour \u201csuperconcert\u201d was globally linked by satellite to more than a billion viewers in 110 nations. In a triumph of technology and good will, the event raised more than $125 million in famine relief for Africa. [PAR] Live Aid was the brainchild of Bob Geldof, the singer of an Irish rock group called the Boomtown Rats. In 1984, Geldof traveled to Ethiopia after hearing news reports of a horrific famine that had killed hundreds of thousands of Ethiopians and threatened to kill millions more. After returning to London, he called Britain\u2019s and Ireland\u2019s top pop artists together to record a single to benefit Ethiopian famine relief. \u201cDo They Know It\u2019s Christmas?\u201d was written by Geldof and Ultravox singer Midge Ure and performed by \u201cBand Aid,\u201d an ensemble that featured Culture Club, Duran Duran, Phil Collins, U2,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Natan Sharansky - YouTube Natan Sharansky - YouTube [PAR] Natan Sharansky [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 30, 2013 [PAR] Natan Sharansky [PAR] A little background: Sharansky was a Soviet refusenik. He became an advocate for human rights in the Soviet Union in the 1970s after he was refused a visa to travel to Israel. He endured 13 years of hard labor and solitary confinement before becoming the first political prisoner released by Gorbachev. He says he kept his sanity in prison by playing blind chess by himself. Sharansky also defeated World Chess champion, Garry Kasparov, in a game during a simultaneous chess exhibition event. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ... From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish Telegraphic Agency [PAR] From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews [PAR] By Adam Soclof [PAR] December 5, 2013 5:16pm [PAR] A look at of Nelson Mandela\u2019s relationship with the Jewish community, as seen through the JTA Archive. [PAR] Timeline: Nelson Mandela and the Jews [PAR] April 2, 1985 \u2013 Black-Jewish Freedom Seders , co-sponsored by the Reform movement\u2019s UAHC and the NAACP, honor jailed Soviet and African dissidents, including Natan Sharansky and Nelson Mandela. [PAR] February 11, 1986 \u2013 Natan Sharansky released from Soviet prison. Two days later, JTA reports that in 1984, the South African government rejected a proposed prisoner exchange that would have freed both Mandela and Sharansky . Sharansky also comments on his hope that Mandela\u2019s freedom will be secured. [PAR] February 17, 1986 \u2013 Irwin Cotler, human rights lawyer representing Sharansky and Mandela, et al. (and eventual Canadian Member of Parliament) \u201cannounces an international council of lawyers who will \u2018work relentlessly for the release of all the Shcharanskys and Mandelas now rotting in various prisons in the USSR and South Africa.'\u201d [PAR] March 7, 1986 \u2013 In a cable , B\u2019nai B\u2019rith leader Gerald Kraft calls on South African President P.W. Botha to release Mandela. [PAR] December 10, 1986 \u2013 Accepting the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Elie Wiesel refers to the imprisonment of Mandela, internal exile of Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov, and the denial of polish Solidarity leader Lech Walesa\u2019s freedom of speech a \u201cdisgrace\u201d of equal magnitude. [PAR] February 2, 1990 \u2013 Following a speech by President F.W. de Klerk, in which Mandela\u2019s release from prison was promised, the Jewish community in South Africa is hopeful for political reform . [PAR] February 11, 1990 \u2013 Nelson Mandela freed from prison, four years to the day after Sharansky. World Jewry \u201c reacts with elation \u201c [PAR] February 27, 1990 \u2013 Mandela raises eyebrows in when he embraces PLO leader Yasser Arafat in Lusaka, Zambia, likening the Palestinian-Israeli conflict to the struggle against South African apartheid. \u201cIf the truth alienates the powerful Jewish community in South Africa, that\u2019s too bad,\u201d says Mandela. [PAR] June 10, 1990 \u2013 Prior to a U.S. visit, Mandela meets with American Jewish leaders in Geneva , apologizing for previous statements that may have offended Jewish groups. The meeting, described as \u201cwarm, friendly and cordial,\u201d reportedly played a role in preempting American Jewish protests against the African National Congress leader. [PAR] June 20, 1990 \u2013 Mandela welcomed by most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day 1988: The Bicentenary \u2013 Australia Day [PAR] 2016 Australia Day Message [PAR] On Australia Day 1988 Sydney Harbour, that 'chief amphitheatre of Australian life', was again the centre of attention. This time the extraordinary spectacle attracting some two million people to its shores was the arrival of Tall Ships from around the world and the First Fleet re-enactment. By contrast, the tent city of the Bicentennial Exhibition travelled the country visiting thirty-four cities and towns to involve Australians in the celebration. That year's journey and the Exhibition's scope showed how far planners of the 1988 event had come from those organising the March to Nationhood pageant in Sydney in 1938 and the three months' celebrations there. The federal government, by taking responsibility for the Bicentenary with the setting up of the Australian Bicentennial Authority (ABA) in 1980, signalled a different approach to the NSW government's two-year preparations for the Sesquicentenary. [PAR] Even before this event, the federal government had become involved in promoting Australia Day, by taking up the mantle worn by the ANA since the 1880s, especially in Victoria. In 1946 the ANA in Melbourne had begun the transition by prompting the formation of an Australia Day Committee (later known as Australia Day Council), drawn from representatives of many community organisations. Its purpose was to educate the public about the significance of Australia Day. In 1960 it introduced the Australian of the Year award. Similar groups formed in the other states took turns with the Victorian group in acting as the Federal Australia Day Council (FADC). In 1980 the federal government's newly-created National Australia Day Committee, based in the national capital, Canberra, took over that role with the FADC's agreement. [PAR] The new Committee, set up to help interested groups make future celebrations 'truly national and Australia-wide', adopted a fresh approach to Australia Day. Its forum for state representatives in 1980 agreed that 26 January 1788 'should be seen as a day of contact, not of conquest\u2026the day which began the fusion of Australians'. The theme, 'ONE LAND, ONE PEOPLE', would best reflect 'the spirit of Australia Day'. The Committee and the federal government were struggling with what respected Committee member, Sir Asher Joel, termed 'the crisis of identity\u2026of establishing an Australian identity which will unite each and every one of us, surmounting all the borders, imaginary or real, of race, creed or class status'. Another member, Graham Allan, chairman of the National Youth Advisory Group, argued that the challenge was convincing the young that Australia Day had meaning, especially when 'we are not precisely sure, ourselves what meaning ought to be attributed to it'. [PAR] FIGURE 18: View of the crowd at new Parliament House, Canberra for the Canberra leg of the Caltex Bicentennial Bike Ride, ca 1988 \u2014 a contrast to the Australian Natives' Association's wheel race in 1897. Source: nla.pic-an24526897, National Library of Australia [PAR] At the 1981 forum with the theme, 'ONE NATION \u2014 ONE FUTURE', speakers looked for ways Australians could find unity in diversity. The composition of Australia's population had changed dramatically since the end of World War II with fewer British people wanting to migrate and increasing numbers of immigrants coming from Europe and later other parts of the world. For a country which had taken pride in being British and white, the change was remarkable. Between 1970 and 1990 the percentage of immigrants in Australia born in the British Isles dropped from 47.3 to 19.4. At the same time Aborigines were pressing ahead in their campaign for citizens' rights, encouraged by the passing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bette Nesmith Graham Invented Liquid Paper Bette Nesmith Graham Invented Liquid Paper [PAR] Share [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] It was originally called \"mistake out\", the invention of Bette Nesmith Graham, a Dallas secretary and a single mother raising a son* on her own. Graham used her own kitchen blender to mix up her first batch of liquid paper or white out, a substance used to cover up mistakes made on paper. [PAR] Background - Bette Nesmith Graham [PAR] Bette Nesmith Graham never intended to be an inventor; she wanted to be an artist. However, shortly after World War II ended, she found herself divorced with a small child to support. She learned shorthand and typing and found employment as an executive secretary. An efficient employee who took pride in her work, Graham sought a better way to correct typing errors. She remembered that artists painted over their mistakes on canvas, so why couldn\u0092t typists paint over their mistakes? [PAR] Invention of Liquid Paper [PAR] Bette Nesmith Graham put some tempera waterbased paint, colored to match the stationery she used, in a bottle and took her watercolor brush to the office. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Should I Roll Over my 401K to an IRA? [PAR] She used this to correct her typing mistakes her boss never noticed. Soon another secretary saw the new invention and asked for some of the correcting fluid. Graham found a green bottle at home, wrote \"Mistake Out\" on a label, and gave it to her friend. Soon all the secretaries in the building were asking for some, too. [PAR] Bette Nesmith Graham - The Mistake Out Company [PAR] In 1956, Bette Nesmith Graham started the Mistake Out Company (later renamed Liquid Paper) from her North Dallas home. She turned her kitchen into a laboratory, mixing up an improved product with her electric mixer. Graham\u0092s son, Michael Nesmith (later of The Monkees fame), and his friends filled bottles for her customers. Nevertheless, she made little money despite working nights and weekends to fill orders. One day an opportunity came in disguise. Graham made a mistake at work that she couldn\u0092t correct, and her boss fired her. She now had time to devote to selling Liquid Paper, and business boomed. [PAR] Bette Nesmith Graham and Liquid Paper's Success [PAR] By 1967, it had grown into a million dollar business. In 1968, she moved into her own plant and corporate headquarters, automated operations, and had 19 employees. That year Bette Nesmith Graham sold one million bottles. In 1975, Liquid Paper moved into a 35,000-sq. ft., international headquarters building in Dallas. The plant had equipment that could produce 500 bottles a minute. In 1976, the Liquid Paper Corporation turned out 25 million bottles. Its net earnings were $1.5 million. The company spent $1 million a year on advertising, alone. [PAR] Bette Nesmith Graham believed money to be a tool, not a solution to a problem. She set up two foundations to help women find new ways to earn a living. Graham died in 1980, six months after selling her corporation for $47.5 million.[DOC] [TLE] Monkee Mike Nesmith and Liquid Paper : snopes.com Monkee Mike Nesmith and Liquid Paper : snopes.com [PAR] Origins: Bette Nesmith Graham [PAR] Bette Nesmith and young Michael [PAR] (she was divorced from Michael's father in 1946 and remarried in 1964) came up with the idea of using a small bottle of tempera waterbase paint to correct her typing errors while she was an executive secretary with Texas Bank & Trust in Dallas in 1951. She supplied bottles of the fluid"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia Hawker Siddeley Harrier | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] British Aerospace Harrier II [PAR] The Hawker Siddeley Harrier, known colloquially as the \"Harrier Jump Jet\", was developed in the 1960s and formed the first generation of the Harrier series of aircraft . It was the first operational close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) capabilities and the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many that arose in that era. The Harrier was produced directly from the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototypes following the cancellation of a more advanced supersonic aircraft, the Hawker Siddeley P.1154 . The British Royal Air Force (RAF) ordered the Harrier GR.1 and GR.3 variants in the late 1960s. It was exported to the United States as the AV-8A, for use by the US Marine Corps (USMC), in the 1970s. [PAR] The RAF positioned the bulk of their Harriers in West Germany to defend against a potential invasion of Western Europe by the Soviet Union ; the unique abilities of the Harrier allowed the RAF to disperse their forces away from vulnerable airbases. The USMC used their Harriers primarily for close air support , operating from amphibious assault ships , and, if needed, forward operating bases . Harrier squadrons saw several deployments overseas. The Harrier's ability to operate with minimal ground facilities and very short runways allowed it to be used at locations unavailable to other fixed-wing aircraft. The Harrier received criticism for having a high accident rate and for a time-consuming maintenance process. [PAR] In the 1970s the British Aerospace Sea Harrier was developed from the Harrier for use by the Royal Navy (RN) on Invincible-class aircraft carriers . The Sea Harrier and the Harrier fought in the 1982 Falklands War , in which the aircraft proved to be crucial and versatile. The RN Sea Harriers provided fixed-wing air defence while the RAF Harriers focused on ground-attack missions in support of the advancing British land force. The Harrier was also extensively redesigned as the AV-8B Harrier II and British Aerospace Harrier II by the team of McDonnell Douglas and British Aerospace. The innovative Harrier family and its Rolls-Royce Pegasus engines with thrust vectoring nozzles have generated long-term interest in V/STOL aircraft. Similar V/STOL operational aircraft include the contemporary Soviet Yakovlev Yak-38 . A V/STOL variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is currently under development. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Main article: Hawker Siddeley P.1127 [PAR] The Harrier's design was derived from the Hawker P.1127 . Prior to developing the P.1127 Hawker Aircraft had been working on a replacement for the Hawker Hunter , the Hawker P.1121 . [2] The P.1121 was cancelled after the release of the British Government's 1957 Defence White Paper , which advocated a policy shift away from manned aircraft and towards missiles. This policy resulted in the termination of the majority of aircraft development projects then underway for the British military. [3] Hawker sought to quickly move on to a new project and became interested in Vertical Take Off/Landing (VTOL) aircraft, which did not need runways. [N 1] According to Air Chief Marshal Sir Patrick Hine this interest may have been stimulated by the presence of Air Staff Requirement 345, which sought a V/STOL ground attack fighter for the Royal Air Force. [5] [PAR] Design work on the P.1127 was formally started in 1957 by Sir Sydney Camm , Ralph Hooper of Hawker Aircraft and Stanley Hooker (later Sir Stanley Hooker) of the Bristol Engine Company . [6] The close cooperation between Hawker, the airframe"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map 13 billionth barrel reaches VMT [PAR] [PAR] The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System was designed and constructed to move oil from the North Slope of Alaska to the northern most ice- free port- Valdez, Alaska. [PAR] Length: 800 miles. [PAR] Crosses three mountain ranges and over 800 rivers and streams. [PAR] Cost to build: $8 billion in 1977, largest privately funded construction project at that time. [PAR] Construction began on March 27, 1975 and was completed on May 31, 1977. [PAR] First oil moved through the pipeline on June 20, 1977. [PAR] Over 14 billion barrels have moved through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. [PAR] First tanker to carry crude oil from Valdez: ARCO Juneau, August 1, 1977. [PAR] Tankers loaded at Valdez: 16,781 through March 2001. [PAR] Storage tanks in Valdez- 18 with total storage capacity of 9.1 million barrels total. [PAR] Gulkana River tiered-arch bridge [PAR] The consortium of companies that own TAPS today includes: [PAR] BP Pipelines (Alaska) Inc. 46.93% [PAR] ConocoPhillips Transportation Alaska, Inc. 28.29% [PAR] ExxonMobil Pipeline Company, 20.34% [PAR] Koch Alaska Pipeline Company, L.L.C., 3.08% [PAR] Pipeline Operations [PAR] Operators at the Valdez Operations Control Center monitor the performance of pipeline operations [PAR] Maximum daily throughput \u2014 2.136 million bbl., avg. [PAR] (With 11 pump stations operating). Rates exceeding 1,440,000 bbl./day assume drag reduction agent (DRA) injection. [PAR] Maximum daily throughput \u2014 2000 (with 7 pump stations operating) \u2014 .99 million bbl., avg. Rates exceeding 1,000,000 bbl./day assume DRA injection [PAR] Fuel required for all operations (fuel oil equivalent) \u2014 210,000 gal/day (also see fuel requirements under Pump Stations, and Marine Terminal). [PAR] Pressure \u2014 [PAR] Operating, maximum \u2014 1,180 psi [PAR] Pump Station facilities in original design \u2014 12 pump stations with 4 pumps each. [PAR] Pump Stations operating, Nov. 1, 1998 \u2014 7: PS 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12. PS 5 is a relief station only. PS 11 is a security site. PS 8 placed in standby June 30, 1996. PS 10 placed in standby July 1, 1996. PS 2 placed in standby July 1, 1997. PS 6 placed in standby August 8, 1997. [PAR] [PAR] Pipeline Engineering [PAR] Cost [PAR] Approximately $8 billion for construction of entire system, including Terminal and pump stations, at conclusion of initial construction period in 1977. Does not include interest on capital investment, or capital construction after 1977. [PAR] Concrete weights [PAR] Pipe coating, river crossings \u2014 75,000 lbs. per 40-ft. section [PAR] Saddles, flood plains \u2014 18,500 lbs. each [PAR] Mainline crossings [PAR] Road crossings, refrigerated \u2014 Glenn Highway at Glennallen [PAR] Design modes [PAR] Selection \u2014 Soil sampling and other means were used to determine soil types along the route. Where thaw-stable soils were found, the pipeline was buried in the conventional manner. In areas of thaw-unstable soils, and where heat from the oil in the pipeline might cause thawing and consequent loss of soil foundation stability, the pipeline was insulated and elevated above ground by means of a unique support system. [PAR] Basic types and miles of each \u2014 [PAR] Above-ground \u2014 420 mi. [PAR] Refrigerated below-ground \u2014 4 mi. [PAR] Description \u2014 [PAR] Above-ground \u2014 Specially designed vertical supports were placed in drilled holes or driven into the ground. In warm permafrost and other areas where heat might cause undesirable thawing, the supports contain two each, 2-inch pipes called \"heat pipes,\" containing anhydrous ammonia, which vaporizes below ground, rises and condenses above-ground, removing ground heat whenever the ground temperature exceeds the temperature of the air. Heat is transferred through the walls of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571) History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571) [PAR] History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571) [PAR] Current OIC Biography [PAR] Construction of NAUTILUS was made possible by the successful development of a nuclear propulsion plant by a group of scientists and engineers at the Naval Reactors Branch of the Atomic Energy Commission, under the leadership of Captain Hyman G. Rickover, USN. [PAR] In July of 1951, Congress authorized construction of the world's first nuclear powered submarine. On December 12th of that year, the Navy Department announced that she would be the sixth ship of the fleet to bear the name NAUTILUS. Her keel was laid by President Harry S. Truman at the Electric Boat Shipyard in Groton, Connecticut on June 14, 1952. [PAR] After nearly 18 months of construction, NAUTILUS was launched on January 21, 1954 with First Lady Mamie Eisenhower breaking the traditional bottle of champagne across NAUTILUS' bow as she slid down the ways into the Thames River. Eight months later, on September 30, 1954, NAUTILUS became the first commissioned nuclear powered ship in the United States Navy. [PAR] On the morning of January 17, 1955, at 11 am EST, NAUTILUS' first Commanding Officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message, \"Underway On Nuclear Power.\" Over the next several years, NAUTILUS shattered all submerged speed and distance records. [PAR] On July 23, 1958, NAUTILUS departed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii under top secret orders to conduct \"Operation Sunshine\", the first crossing of the North Pole by a ship. At 11:15 pm on August 3, 1958, NAUTILUS' second Commanding Officer, Commander William R. Anderson, announced to his crew, \"For the world, our country, and the Navy - the North Pole.\" With 116 men aboard, NAUTILUS had accomplished the \"impossible\", reaching the geographic North Pole - 90 degrees North. [PAR] In May 1959, NAUTILUS entered Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine for her first complete overhaul - the first of any nuclear powered ship - and the replacement of her second fuel core. Upon completion of her overhaul in August 1960, NAUTILUS departed for a period of refresher training, then deployed to the Mediterranean Sea to become the first nuclear powered submarine assigned to the U.S. Sixth Fleet. [PAR] Over the next six years, NAUTILUS participated in several fleet exercises while steaming over 200,000 miles. In the spring of 1966, she again entered the record books when she logged her 300,000th mile underway. During the following 12 years, NAUTILUS was involved in a variety of developmental testing programs while continuing to serve alongside many of the more modern nuclear powered submarines she had preceded. [PAR] In the spring of 1979, NAUTILUS set out from Groton, Connecticut on her final voyage. She reached Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California on May 26, 1979 - her last day underway. She was decommissioned on March 3, 1980 after a career spanning 25 years and over half a million miles steamed. [PAR] In recognition of her pioneering role in the practical use of nuclear power, NAUTILUS was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Secretary of the Interior on May 20, 1982. Following an extensive historic ship conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, NAUTILUS was towed to Groton, Connecticut arriving on July 6, 1985. [PAR] On April 11, 1986, eighty-six years to the day after the birth of the Submarine Force, Historic Ship NAUTILUS, joined by the Submarine Force Museum, opened to the public as the first and finest exhibit of its kind in the world, providing an exciting, visible link between"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Automobile Ignition System History - Motor Era Automobile Ignition System History [PAR] Automobile History [PAR] IGNITION SYSTEM [PAR] Early one September morning in 1908, Ernest Sweet, chief engineer for the Cadillac Motor Car Co., stepped off a train in Dayton, Ohio. He was met by an engineer who worked for National Cash Register. [PAR] In the five years he had spent at NCR, the younger man -- he was 32 -- had invented an electrically operated cash register that did away with hand cranking. He had also developed OK Charge Phone, the nation's first \"automated\" credit checking system. This magnetic device, placed in a cash register, allowed a sales person to press register keys and transmit information about a charge customer's purchase to a central office. Approval or disapproval was then telephoned back to the counter. The young man's contemporaries thought him a genius. [PAR] However, Sweet was not in Dayton to discuss cash registers. At the urging of his boss, Henry M. Leland, he was there to test-drive a Cadillac Roadster owned by the NCR engineer. Leland had received a letter from the Dayton resident describing a \"flawless\" battery ignition system for motor vehicles. Magneto ignition was the standard in those days because battery ignition just did not work. Sparkplugs fouled, vibrators failed, and batteries often gave out after 500 miles. Brief encounters with battery ignition by other carmakers -- Duryea in 1893, for example -- caused them to return to the reliable magneto. [PAR] For the next eight hours, Sweet drove the Cadillac over the hills surrounding Dayton, putting the Roadster through every rigorous test he knew. As the young engineer had promised, the ignition system performed flawlessly. As a result of this test, Leland met the NCR engineer several weeks later at Cadillac headquarters in Detroit to personally hand him a contract calling for 8,000 of his battery ignition units -- enough for every Cadillac that would be produced in 1910. The young engineer was Charles Franklin Kettering. In the years ahead, his influence on General Motors would rival even that of Leland. [PAR] What had Kettering done that allowed a battery ignition to perform reliably? To start with, he combined the standard four induction coils (one for each sparkplug) into one by placing them in a heat-resistant, solidly anchored, armored-steel box and connecting them in series. This did away with the nagging problem of rapid coil failure caused by vibration and heat, and also allowed conservation of power. Battery life was therefore extended. [PAR] Kettering also eliminated the individual vibrators (also called \"tremblers\") - - one for each coil -- that made and broke the circuit. He replaced them with a single master set of contact points connected to a condenser. The condenser drew excess current away from the points, contributing to their longevity. [PAR] Tremblers (steel springs) were susceptible to loosening by vibration. This required motorists to make frequent adjustments. The devices also quickly burned themselves to death as a result of electrical arcing. Kettering's ignition produced a much hotter spark than ever before, using less battery current, which extended component life. [PAR] The contract Leland handed Kettering enabled him to quit NCR and begin his own business, which he called Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co. -- Delco for short. More important, the contract put Kettering's mind solely on perfecting what was to be the standard auto ignition system -- one that's still with us today -- and on development of the self-starter. [PAR] Yet, when the 1910 Cadillac Model 30 hit the showrooms , customers found that it possessed two independent ignition systems"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the Photocopier Machine - Photocopier & Print News History of the Photocopier Machine [PAR] Articles Photocopier guides History of the Photocopier Machine [PAR] History of the Photocopier Machine [PAR] Posted on November 22nd, 2012 \u00b7 Posted in Photocopier guides [PAR] In October 1937 Chester Carlson, a patent attorney in New York, invented a process called electro photography. In 1938, this was renamed Xerography and the first known photocopy was the \"10-22-38 Astoria\". The Xerography copying process went on to become one of the most well known inventions of the 20th century. Carlson received world acclaim and became extremely wealthy as his invention created a billion-dollar industry. It is estimated that Carlson gave away almost $100 million to charity and foundations before his death in 1968. [PAR] Development of Xerography [PAR] But Xerography was not, at least at first, a popular invention. In fact, it was ten years before Carlson found a company to develop Xerography. A New York-based photo-paper manufacturer called The Haloid Company took up the challenge. The Haloid Company later went on to become Xerox Corporation. [PAR] The First Office Copier [PAR] In 1955, Haloid - by then Haloid Xerox - produced Copyflo, the first automated xerographic machine. However, it wasn't until 22 years after electro photography had first been conceived that the first true office copier was produced. 1958 saw the introduction of the first-ever commercial push button photocopier machine the 914. [PAR] Good Times For Xerox [PAR] The 914 was a phenomenal success. In just three years, Haloid Xerox's income went from $2 million in 1960 - when the first 914 was sold - to over $22 million by 1963.In 1961, Haloid Xerox shortened its name to Xerox and its stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Their phenomenal success continued as Xerox introduced 24 new products over the next 20 years. [PAR] Changing Market [PAR] But Xerox domination was about to change. New manufacturers were appearing on the sidelines, gearing up to challenge Xerox and re-brand what the world knew as a Xerox machine to a photocopy machine or photocopier. One of the greatest marketing battles of the 20th century was about to begin. [PAR] Xerox vs the Copier [PAR] Ricoh was emerging as a potential competitor to Xerox as early as 1955 when they developed the RiCopy 101 Diazo copier. By 1975 they had developed the prize-winning RiCopy DT 1200 and were starting to challenge Xerox's hold over the market. The next decade would see a surprising change as companies traditionally known for photography began to break into the office equipment market. Brands such as Minolta, Panasonic, Toshiba, Sharp, Konica and Canon started to produce small office copiers that were to challenge Xerox's domination of the business copier market. [PAR] Meanwhile, even Xerox's domination of the high-volume photocopier market was coming under threat from Kodak and Oce. [PAR] New Brands Not Trusted [PAR] Manufacturers quickly found that Xerox held enormous customer loyalty. To break this down, copier dealerships were founded. In each country, small local dealerships emerged that offered a \"local service\", sold by local people. This classic guerrilla marketing move attacked Xerox in a way they hadn't anticipated. Since Xerox was a global corporation, the one thing they couldn't offer was the intimacy of a small, local business. [PAR] Canon was probably the most successful copier company to employ this tactic. By 1985, they had become the world's leading photocopier company . Canon invested heavily in development and went on to produce the first colour copier. [PAR] Re-branding the Xerox Machine as the Photocopier [PAR] The Xerox"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2002 Winter Olympics | Utah.com 2002 Winter Olympics | Utah.com [PAR] [PAR] 2002 Winter Olympics [PAR] The 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City were an astounding success. Now, Utah residents and visitors alike can enjoy Olympic legacy facilities \u2014 Utah Olympic Park, Soldier Hollow and Utah Olympic Oval \u2014 which offer an array of activities for people of all ages, abilities and aspirations. Whether you are a recreational enthusiast, developing athlete, spectator or tourist, we encourage you to \"Get Up & Go!\" for a unique Olympic experience. Read more... [PAR] Discover [PAR] Snowbasin [PAR] Additional Information [PAR] Each venue has been transformed into a community facility, open year-round to the public for post-Games usage. There are introductory Olympic winter sports programs, public skating on \"The Fastest Ice On Earth,\" tours of the Olympic facilities, tubing, cross-country skiing, public bobsled rides, ski jumping and freestyle aerial shows, 2002 Games exhibit and the Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center/Alf Engen Ski Museum. [PAR] Get Up & Go! [PAR] Games Overview [PAR] The XIX Olympic Games took place February 8th through February 24, 2002; afterwards, the VIII Paralympics Winter Games began March 7th, and concluded on March 16, 2002. [PAR] Salt Lake Olympic Committee's volunteer program had three phases with approximately 8,000 volunteers for pre-Game activities, 18,000 core volunteers for the Olympic Winter Games, and 6,000 volunteers for the Paralympic Winter Games. [PAR] SLOC accredited approximately 70,000 individuals for the Salt Lake Games. An estimated 2,345 athletes and 1,200 officials came from 80 National Olympic Committees (NOC's). More than 1,100 athletes and officials from 40 regions competed in the Paralympic Olympic Games. [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Do not go gentle into that good night | Academy of ... Do not go gentle into that good night - Poems | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox [PAR] sign up [PAR] His Morning Meditations by Jay Parini [PAR] poetic forms [PAR] read this poet's poems [PAR] Dylan Marlais Thomas was born on October 27, 1914, in Swansea, South Wales. His father was an English Literature professor at the local grammar school and would often recite Shakespeare to Thomas before he could read. He loved the sounds of nursery rhymes, foreshadowing his love for the rhythmic ballads of Gerard Manley Hopkins , W. B. Yeats , and Edgar Allan Poe . Although both of his parents spoke fluent Welsh, Thomas and his older sister never learned the language, and Thomas wrote exclusively in English. [PAR] Thomas was a neurotic, sickly child who shied away from school and preferred reading on his own. He read all of D. H. Lawrence 's poetry, impressed by vivid descriptions of the natural world. Fascinated by language, he excelled in English and reading but neglected other subjects. He dropped out of school at sixteen to become a junior reporter for the South Wales Daily Post. [PAR] By December of 1932, he left his job at the Post and decided to concentrate on his poetry full-time. It was during this time, in his late teens, that Thomas wrote more than half of his collected poems. [PAR] In 1934, when Thomas was twenty, he moved to London, won the Poet's Corner book prize, and published his first book, 18 Poems (The Fortune press), to great acclaim. The book drew from a collection of poetry notebooks that Thomas had written years earlier, as would many of his most popular books. During this period of success, Thomas also began a habit of alcohol abuse. [PAR] Unlike his contemporaries, T. S. Eliot and W. H. Auden , Thomas was not concerned with exhibiting themes of social and intellectual issues, and his writing, with its intense lyricism and highly charged emotion, has more in common with the Romantic tradition. [PAR] Thomas describes his technique in a letter: \"I make one image\u2014though 'make' is not the right word; I let, perhaps, an image be 'made' emotionally in me and then apply to it what intellectual & critical forces I possess\u2014let it breed another, let that image contradict the first, make, of the third image bred out of the other two together, a fourth contradictory image, and let them all, within my imposed formal limits, conflict.\" [PAR] Two years after the publication of 18 Poems, Thomas met the dancer Caitlin Macnamara at a pub in London. At the time, she was the mistress of painter Augustus John. Macnamara and Thomas engaged in an affair and married in 1937. Despite the passionate love letters Thomas would write to her, the marriage was turbulent, with rumors of both having multiple affairs. [PAR] About Thomas's work, Michael Schmidt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jennifer Jason Leigh files for divorce just seven months ... Jennifer Jason Leigh files for divorce just seven months after giving birth | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] It has been just seven months since she gave birth to her son, but Single White Female actress Jennifer Jason Leigh has filed for divorce. [PAR] She was married to director Noah Baumbach for five years and it is not yet clear why the couple split. [PAR] Jennifer, whose real name is Jennifer Morrow, produced her only child, Rohmer, late in life at the age of 48. [PAR] Happier times: Jennifer and her husband Noah Baumbach pictured holding hands in 2007 [PAR] New mother: The actress, pictured here in 2007, gave birth to a son seven months ago [PAR] She's seeking alimony and primary custody of their son with visitation rights for Noah. [PAR] The couple first met in 2001, while working on a production of the Broadway play Proof. [PAR] Noah certainly seemed to think the marriage was forever. [PAR] Soon after their wedding, he told People magazine: 'I expect to be with [Leigh] for the rest of my life'. [PAR] Most recently, the pair co-wrote the Ben Stiller film Greenburg and Jennifer had a supporting role in the film. [PAR] While Noah is best-known for writing and directing the films Margot at the Wedding and The Squid and the Whale. [PAR] Jennifer has had her share of tragedy. [PAR] In 1982, Jennifer's father was accidentally killed during a helicopter stunt on the set of Twilight Zone: The Movie. [PAR] Following a lawsuit for wrongful death against Warner Brothers and Steven Spielberg, they settled out of court for an undisclosed sum. [PAR] Named as one of 'America's 10 Most Beautiful Women' by Harper's Bazaar Magazine in 1989, she once dated Eric Stoltz and was romantically linked to Robert Downey Jr. [PAR] Jennifer became a household name following her role in the 1992 thriller Single White Female. [PAR] She played the terrifying part of Hedy, a woman who creepily modelled herself on her room mate, Bridget Fonda's dynamic character Allie. [PAR] The term 'single white female' became synonymous with the act of copying and emulating a female friend as a result of the film. [PAR] Jennifer's most recent role was a guest spot on US hit TV show Weeds, starring opposite Mary Louise Parker. [PAR] Jennifer Jason Leigh in Single White Female"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [PAR] C Melody Soprano, Contralto & Tenor [PAR] Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [PAR] If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. [PAR] Results 1 to 16 of 16 [PAR] 0 Thread(s) [PAR] Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [PAR] Legendary outlaw Clyde Barrow is remembered for his love of the Ford V-8, peach ice cream, and a certain female firearms enthusiast. Now, some 7 decades after they met their end in a fusillade of police bullets, their famous Death Car is revealed to have contained a C-melody saxophone among its arsenal. [PAR] http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll...tem=3621102166 [PAR] The silver-plated Buescher-stencil Supertone is heavily tarnished, but miraculously free of bullet holes. Includes a contour shaped case, ideal for those who double on \"Chicago fiddle.\" [PAR] Opening bid is $12,250. $14,000 takes it away. For that much money you could probably get a restorable '34 Ford V-8... [PAR] Tagged [PAR] 0 Thread(s) [PAR] Hmmm, I think I'd rather buy an undocumented beater and hang it on the wall with a certificate that states \"Similar to the Buescher TrueTone owned by...\" and save myself $13,850. [PAR] Go for The Tone, [PAR] Tagged [PAR] 0 Thread(s) [PAR] C melodies were known to be bullet proof. Now the F saxophone, well that's a different story. :A-Run: [PAR] maybe the c melody oughta have a couple bullet holes in it for 'documentary evidence'... [PAR] little BLOOD on it wouldn't hurt, either [PAR] Re: Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car&am [PAR] Originally Posted by paulwl [PAR] their famous Death Car is revealed to have contained a C-melody saxophone among its arsenal. [PAR] They used a C-melody as a weapon ? Wow, imagine being bludgeoned to death by one of those [PAR] I wish I could have heard some of the conversations between Bonnie and Clyde in deciding what weapon to use? \"Honey, shall I use the machine gun or play them a few bars of St. Louis Blues ?\" ! [PAR] Billy The Fish [PAR] 0 Thread(s) [PAR] C melodies were once classified by the League of Nations as \"weapons of mass distraction\"... [PAR] Apparently Clyde really did play while on the lam. A quick web search reveals he was \"obsessed\" with the horn and carried \"reams of music\" around with him. [PAR] Some dedicated model maker has even created a diorama of the ambushed Ford, right down to the bloodstained corpses AND the sax case. [PAR] Tagged [PAR] 0 Thread(s) [PAR] If this piece is real (and I'm not convinced - when I was a kid, there were no fewer than hundreds of 'Bonnie and Clyde death cars' touring small midwestern towns - just old jalopies that someone shot full of holes to make money from), I would worry about the legality. [PAR] According to the website, it comes from the estate of a police officer - but it belonged to the Barrow estate. A smart lawyer would realize that such a piece is not free of legal claims from other, as yet unspecified, people. [PAR] Tagged [PAR] 0 Thread(s) [PAR] SaxDuck...a smart lawyer wouldn't take the case...maybe the horn...but not the case. And the retainer? 80 year old cork grease? And watch those smart lawyers, they will \"pad\" their bills."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Dylan \u2018Blood on the Tracks\u2019 40th Anniversary: Classic ... Bob Dylan \u2018Blood on the Tracks\u2019 40th Anniversary: Classic Track-by-Track Album Review | Billboard [PAR] Album Review [PAR] 0 [PAR] If Bob Dylan 's 15th studio album must fit in a box, it's his confessional '70s-singer-songwriter record. Released on January 17, 1975 -- 40 years ago today -- Blood on the Tracks landed amid the dissolution of Dylan's marriage to his first wife, Sara, and with its sad, strummy songs about love gone awry, it has all the hallmarks of classic breakup album. [PAR] Here's the problem with that: Dylan has never been a confessional singer-songwriter, and even when he's writing about himself, there's the question of which \"himself\" he's being. The rascally Minnesotan born Robert Zimmerman has been playing characters since he came on the scene in the '60s, and his peerless songwriting hinges on allegory, metaphor, and misdirection. His catalog is a feast of breadcrumbs meant to throw you off the trail. [PAR] Blood on the Tracks teases with approachability. The emotion is so raw, so present, and yet it's safe to say no one really knows what Dylan is singing about. [PAR] His son Jakob, leader of the Wallflowers , believes the album is \"about my parents,\" as one-time manager Andrew Slater told the New York Times , while papa Bob insists the lyrics are based on the short stories of Anton Chekov. Another influence was artist Norman Raeben, whose 1974 painting tutorials taught Dylan to \"put my mind and my hand and my eye together, in a way that allowed me to do consciously what I unconsciously felt,\" as he told writer Jonathan Cott. [PAR] Whatever the truth is, there are certain indisputable facts. Blood on the Tracks marked Dylan's return to Columbia Records after two albums on Asylum, and it reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , leading many critics to call it a comeback -- not his first and certainly not his last. Also, the album comprises recordings made at two sessions: one in New York City with studio pros assembled by engineer Phil Ramone and a second in Minneapolis organized at the last minute by Bob's brother David. [PAR] A mini version of the cult devoted to Bob and the Band's storied Basement Tapes surrounds Blood on the Tracks, and four decades later, hardcore Dylanheads debate which versions, NYC or Minneapolis, are superior. One thing most folks agree on is that Blood on the Tracks is a special entry in Bob's canon. Whether inspired by an impending divorce or the work of a Russian dramatist, these 10 songs carry a lot of hurt. There's also humor, regret, anger, tenderness, and even a Wild West potboiler -- all accompanied by some of the prettiest music Dylan has put to tape. [PAR] Read on to get our track-by-track take on one of Dylan's finest, an album that therefore ranks among the best in rock history. [PAR] \"Tangled Up in Blue\": With forward momentum reminiscent of Dylan's \"Like a Rolling Stone\" and a scattered narrative loaded with geographical references (the North Woods, New Orleans, Brooklyn), the leadoff track sets the tone for an album about homecomings and goodbyes. Seven verses and no choruses, it's the story of a drifter kept from various women -- or perhaps the same one -- by stuck-up would-be in-laws (verse No. 1), good sense (No. 2), and the inherent awkwardness of strip-club convos (No. 4). And that's just the stuff our strumming Odysseus can sort of articulate. [PAR] \"Simple Twist of Fate\": Most hear this as a john"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1977 - Everything Fleetwood Mac 1977 - Everything Fleetwood Mac [PAR] 1977 [PAR] Apr 09, 2008 at 06:33 PM [PAR] 1977 [PAR] Yesterday's Gone [PAR] The first output from 1976's recording sessions hit the stores at the end of December and immediately began charging up the charts. \"Go Your Own Way\" and its flip side \"Silver Springs\" were but a taste of what was to come, and a fine taste they are. \"Go Your Own Way\" is certainly the strongest rocker the band produced since 1970's \"Green Manalishi\", featuring Lindsey Buckingham flawless playing which builds to a fever-pitch as the song progresses--and one of the coolest air-guitar songs for many a teenager of that era (including the author)! It's B-side, the beautiful \"Silver Springs\", is one of Stevie Nicks' finest efforts, with her unerring sense of melody and word-imagery featured throughout. The theme of the lyrics for both songs is one of relationships on the rocks, a fitting theme since that is exactly what the two composers were going through. And they weren't alone. [PAR] The new album, Rumours , which finally came out in February, followed this theme. Not only was Nicks' and Buckingham's relationship (they were never married) at an end, but also the McVies were splitting up and Mick Fleetwood, who had reunited with his wife Jenny after the Bob Weston debacle, was also on the verge of divorce. To complicate matters further, the actual recording of the album was plagued with technical difficulties throughout. For example, one of the tape machines at one point chewed up a significant amount of material, earning it the nickname \"Jaws\" and necessitating rerecording the destroyed tape. Situations like this, plus the continued success of the previous album, pushed the release date for Rumours further and further back. It was the first Mac album released on the Warner Bros. label, perhaps indicating the band had been long overdue for a promotion. [PAR] It debuted in the Billboard charts at number 10, and very quickly made it to Number One where it stayed for six months (May through all of November, a record at the time), and was either Number One or Two for a total of ten months (March 1977 to January 1978). Eventually the album would sell over 25 million copies, becoming one of the top four or five sellers in the whole history of recorded music! [PAR] There were four Top Ten singles spawned from Rumours . \"Silver Springs\" was also originally intended for the album, but was dropped at the last minute, ostensibly because there wasn't enough room on the disc. But that explanation sounded alot like a cop-out to its composer, and this issue remained a sore-spot for Stevie Nicks (who was justifiably proud of the song) for a long time to come. [PAR] The second single, Stevie's ethereal ballad \"Dreams\", may have eased whatever anxiety she felt, however. It was, after all, the first (and, as of this writing, the only) Fleetwood Mac single to top the Billboard US Hot 100 charts! It was backed by Christine's excellent \"Songbird\", a piano- solo ode to her breakup with John. \"Songbird\" was not actually recorded in the studio, but rather it was recorded in the cavernlike emptiness of Zellerback Auditorium (University of California, Berkeley), which very much enhanced the emotionality of the track. [PAR] The third single was Christine McVie's \"Don't Stop\", a bouncy song full of hope for the future. So hopeful, in fact, that fifteen years later, in 1992, Bill Clinton chose this song as the theme song for his successful presidential campaign! The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Most Shocking Upsets in Wimbledon History | Bleacher ... The Most Shocking Upsets in Wimbledon History | Bleacher Report [PAR] The Most Shocking Upsets in Wimbledon History [PAR] By Jake Curtis , Featured Columnist [PAR] Jun 26, 2013 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Mike Hewitt/Getty Images [PAR] 45 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Rafael Nadal 's stunning straight-sets loss to Steve Darcis in the first round on Monday raises an obvious question: Was that the biggest upset in Wimbledon history? And what about the second-round losses by Roger Federer and Maria Sharapova ? [PAR] All three are certainly in the discussion. [PAR] Gauging the magnitude of an upset is a subjective exercise, of course. [PAR] Even time can affect the status of an upset. When unseeded 18-year-old Billie Jean Moffitt stunned top-seeded Margaret Smith in Smith's opening match of the 1962 Wimbledon tournament, it seemed like a major upset. In retrospect, the result doesn't seem as surprising because Moffitt, who became Billie Jean King, went on to win six Wimbledon singles titles. [PAR] The bottom line in the determination is this: How shocked were tennis fans by the result? [PAR] This proposed list of 15 shocking Wimbledon results was quickly expanded by two with the losses by Federer and Sharapova. So here's a countdown of the 17 most stunning upsets in Wimbledon history. [PAR] 17. Charlie Pasarell over Manuel Santana, 1st Round, 1967 [PAR] Getty Images/Getty Images [PAR] Manuel Santana [PAR] Charlie Pasarell's 10-8, 6-3, 2-6, 8-6 victory over Manuel Santana made the list for one important reason: It was the first time that a defending champion and No. 1 seed had lost in the first round at Wimbledon. [PAR] Pasarell was no slouch. He was the top-ranked American and had beaten Santana once out of their only two previous meetings before their 1967 Wimbledon matchup, according to an Associated Press report . [PAR] However, he had not had much success at Wimbledon, never getting past the third round in his four previous attempts. It left him unseeded in 1967. [PAR] But this attempt was different. [PAR] \"This is the first time I've had an opportunity to come in advance of Wimbledon and practice on grass,\" Pasarell said after beating Santana, according to Canadian Press . [PAR] 16. Arthur Ashe over Jimmy Connors, Finals, 1975 [PAR] Getty Images/Getty Images [PAR] Arthur Ashe [PAR] Although Arthur Ashe's 6-1, 6-1, 5-7, 6-4 victory over Jimmy Connors in the 1975 finals may not have been as surprising as other upsets on this list, it deserves a spot because of the significance of the match and the attention it received. [PAR] Connors was an overwhelming 3-to-20 betting favorite against Ashe, according to an ESPN article. In fact, he was a 9-to-10 favorite to win in straight sets. [PAR] Ashe, then 31, was in the Wimbledon final for the first time, making it as the No. 6 seed following a five-set victory over Tony Roche in the semifinals. The top-seeded 22-year-old Connors had not lost a set en route to the final and had lost only six games while beating Ken Rosewall in the 1974 Wimbledon final. [PAR] But against Connors, Ashe took the pace off his shots, relying on angles and finesse to frustrate Connors' powerful groundstrokes. [PAR] The shock value of the victory and the way it was achieved resonated for weeks. [PAR] 15. Michelle Larcher de Brito over Maria Sharapova, 2nd Round, 2013 [PAR] Dennis Grombkowski/Getty Images [PAR] Maria Sharapova had issues with her hip. [PAR] Maria Sharapova was having an outstanding 2013 season"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup winners list: A complete history - SBNation.com World Cup winners list: A complete history - SBNation.com [PAR] World Cup winners list: A complete history [PAR] Rec [PAR] Dean Mouhtaropoulos [PAR] In 1930, thirteen teams participated in the first World Cup held in Uruguay. Since then, the countries of the world have come together every four years (except in the 1940's-yes Germany, looking at you here) to play in the tournament, with 77 countries having participated in 20 tournaments as of 2014. [PAR] Despite, the large number of countries to participate, only eight of them have enjoyed the glory of actually winning it. Brazil are on the top with five (don't mention this to Brazilians right now, though), and Germany are next on the list with four, their most recent having been secured against Argentina on Sunday. Here's a quick tour of each winning nation. [PAR] Brazil 2014: Germany [PAR] Germany became the first ever European team to win a World Cup in South America, and lifted the trophy for the first time since reunification. Fittingly, in a tournament in which nothing was predictable, Germany didn't look completely convincing en route to their final against Argentina, and notably needed extra time to get past the unfavoured Algeria in the first knockout round. However, Die Mannschaft grew into the tournament, and inflicted a historic 7-1 thrashing on tournament hosts Brazil in the semis before Mario G\u00f6tze's last-gasp extra time strike settled a close final. Argentina captain Lionel Messi earned the Golden Ball as a consolation which was really none at all. [PAR] South Africa 2010: Spain [PAR] The Spanish team in 2010 was special, which makes its early exit in Brazil even more of a mystery. In South Africa, Andr\u00e9s Iniesta scored in the 116th minute agaist the Netherlands to give Spain their first World Cup. Six members of the team, along with their coach Vincente del Bosque, were voted onto the team of the tournament. Iker Casillas, the goalkeeper, won the Golden Glove award (previously the Yashin Award), shutting out his opponents in five of the seven matches. The team also won the FIFA Fair Play Trophy. [PAR] Germany 2006: Italy [PAR] Italy's victory over France in the final was one for the memories. Not only did Italy win 5-3 on penalty kicks, but France's captain Zinedine Zidane was red-carded for head-butting Marco Materazzi in extra-time. Italy's goalkeeper, Gianluigi Buffon won the Yashin Award given to the best goalkeeper, and was one of seven Italian players voted to the All-Star team. The victory gave Italy their fourth World Cup title, then second only to Brazil's five, but matched by Germany this year. [PAR] Korea-Japan 2002: Brazil [PAR] This World Cup was Ronaldo's World Cup. The old one. The Brazilian striker won the Golden Boot award (highest scoring player), scoring eight goals in the tournament. Two of those came in the final, as Brazil shut out Germany 2-0 and won their record fifth World Cup. Ronaldo was voted to the team of the tournament along with teammates Rivaldo, Ronaldinho, and Roberto Carlos finished with a 7-0-0 record and a plus-14 goal differential. [PAR] France 1998: France [PAR] If you think the header is a typo, you are mistaken! When France won the tournament in France they became the sixth country to win the tournament on home soil. France's goalkeeper won the inaugural Yashin Award, letting in only two goals, and eight French players scored in the tournament. Zinedine Zidane headlined the French attack, as France ended with a plus-13 goal differential. They were also given the FIFA Fair"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution [PAR] December 8, 1997 [PAR] [PAR] Great triumphs and terrible tragedies mark the population history of Mexico over the millennia. The first great swell of population growth in the Mexican subcontinent began almost ten thousand years ago with the domestication of gourds, squash, corn and beans. The last started less than three-quarters of a century ago\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthanks to advances in public health, food production, and mass education. The demographic dynamics of the region that today we know as the \"Republic of Mexico\" can be conveniently divided into four great epochs: ancient (-1519 AD), colonial (1519-1821), national (1821-1910) and modern (1910-present). These political turning points in the history of this vast region had great demographic significance and therefore should not be discarded or ignored simply because they are political. Each provoked demographic catastrophe to a greater or lesser degree, but each radically transformed basic conditions of life and death in Mexico. The first three periods\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdancient, colonial, and national\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdare discussed in this essay. [PAR] 1. Ancient Mesoamerica [PAR] The peopling of ancient Mesoamerica is one of the most complex phenomena in Mexican prehistory. Perhaps because of this it is also one of the most prolifically studied and controversial. When did humans first appear on the Mexican subcontinent? Did the emergence of agriculture spark a demographic revolution? What was the role of demographic pressure in the decay and collapse of many of the great cultural centers, such as La Venta, El Taj\u00edn, Cuicuilco, Tula, Teotihuac\u00e1n, Palenque, Chich\u00e9n Itz\u00e1, and elsewhere? At first contact with Europeans, were Amerindians under a Malthusian threat for exceeding the limits of the carrying capacity of the land or had they achieved instead a harmonious balance with the environment? Answers to these questions are fundamental for understanding the evolution of ancient Mexican culture, politics, society and economy. [PAR] The Asian origins of the first humans in the Americas is universally accepted by archaeologists and geneticists, but considerable disagreement persists over the date of first origins\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdranging from 20 to 70,000 years ago\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdas well as the number of migration \"waves\" from Asia\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdand whether there was one, two, three or even more. Recent, still tentative mitochondrial DNA research suggests only two: the first some 34,000 years ago followed by a second as recently as 15,000 years ago. The dating of ancient habitational sites is also highly speculative. Human habitation at El Cedral in San Luis Potos\u00ed has been placed at 30,000 BP (before the present). Sites at Valsequillo and Tlapacoya are dated to 22,000 BP. An intensive study of the Tehuac\u00e1n Valley reveals continuous human occupation from 12,000 BP. [PAR] The Tehuac\u00e1n Valley site offers a fascinating, if conjectural, sequence of habitational densities from remote antiquity to the moment of European contact. From 9,000 to 7,000 years ago demographic densities in the Valley barely averaged two inhabitants per hundred square kilometers (2.2 inh./100 km2). Later, first gourd, then squash and, after several thousand years, tiny corn cobs appeared in the archaeological record\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtwo millennia after the presence of corn pollen in the Valley of Oaxaca. Over several thousand years population densities drifted upward, increasing six-fold to 14 inh./100 km2 (5400-4300 BP). Millennia passed, and the agricultural \"revolution\" continued, but at a pace thousands of years slower than in the Middle East. Diffusion was a multi-millennial process in Mesoamerica, slowed by the fact that expansion was along the more challenging south-north axis rather than east-west. Mesoamerican corn and other cultigens ultimately adapted both to varying day-length as well as climate necessitated for longitudinal diffussion, but this required"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech Charlie Chaplin : The Final Speech from The Great Dictator [PAR] The Final Speech from The Great Dictator [PAR] Transcript of Charlie Chaplin\u2019s Final Speech in The Great Dictator [PAR] I\u2019m sorry, but I don\u2019t want to be an emperor. That\u2019s not my business. I don\u2019t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone - if possible - Jew, Gentile - black man - white. We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other\u2019s happiness - not by each other\u2019s misery. We don\u2019t want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone. And the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way. [PAR] Greed has poisoned men\u2019s souls, has barricaded the world with hate, has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical. Our cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery we need humanity. More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost\u2026. [PAR] The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men - cries out for universal brotherhood - for the unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world - millions of despairing men, women, and little children - victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. [PAR] To those who can hear me, I say - do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed - the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish. \u2026.. [PAR] Soldiers! don\u2019t give yourselves to brutes - men who despise you - enslave you - who regiment your lives - tell you what to do - what to think and what to feel! Who drill you - diet you - treat you like cattle, use you as cannon fodder. Don\u2019t give yourselves to these unnatural men - machine men with machine minds and machine hearts! You are not machines! You are not cattle! You are men! You have the love of humanity in your hearts! You don\u2019t hate! Only the unloved hate - the unloved and the unnatural! Soldiers! Don\u2019t fight for slavery! Fight for liberty! [PAR] In the 17th Chapter of St Luke it is written: \u201cthe Kingdom of God is within man\u201d - not one man nor a group of men, but in all men! In you! You, the people have the power - the power to create machines. The power to create happiness! You, the people, have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. [PAR] Then - in the name of democracy - let us use that power - let us all unite. Let us fight for a new world - a decent world that will give men a chance to work - that will give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Collins Bloodline The Collins Bloodline [PAR] The Collins Bloodline [PAR] [PAR] The next family in our series of articles on the top 13 Illuminati families is the Collins family, The first two have been the Astor family and the Bundy family. The first two articles were fairly straightforward. Both the Astor and Bundy families have been written about by others, and I had more information on both families than I needed for my articles. In fact I left out worthwhile details in both articles in order to keep the articles to a comfortable length. In this Collins article, there will be some padding.\" In terms of research on the Collins family from a scale from 0 to 100, I\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdm about at 10. There are some hard connections that will be presented and some soft connections. Joan Collins is what I\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdd call a soft connection. She has associated with a long list of key Illuminati men and at least a few known Satanists, but this is only the barest of dues that she might have anything to do with the Illuminati herself. Let me give some of the hard connections first. [PAR] The following is a description of a highly secret high level Satanic meeting. It comes via an ex-insider who is now a Christian. If any other ex-hierarchy person is reading this, perhaps this will trigger some memories for you. This experience dates to 1955. This is a meeting that is held twice yearly, and to which the Rothschild's and all the mother families attend. The meeting is inside in a big room, and the Grande Mother on the throne was a Collins. The Collins family has been kept out of the limelight because they have more occult power than the Rothschild's or the Rockefellers. To make money this Collins family does something financially, such as deal with the exchange of money. I\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdve noticed that numerous Collins have been Insurance Executives, and although I haven\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt exposed the connections between Insurance Companies and the NWO, there is a book out which shows how that most insurance companies are connected and under the guidance of the NWO elite. The Grande Mother Collins dressed in black has an ebony and gold moon shaped throne that she can automatically rotate by pushing a pedal with her foot. Behind her sits the Grand Council with 13 members --this might be or might not be the Grand Druid Council that you will read about further on. [PAR] The difference between this council in 1955 is that it was all males, while the council in 1978 has several women on it. The Grande Mother, a Collins woman was thought to be in her middle 50\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds at the time of this meeting, she had a deep dictatorial voice, was small in stature, and was very powerful. She was decked out on her throne with a great deal of jewelry. One of the first things done was to lay before her feet small gold bricks (shaped like small bricks and made of pure gold). Two boys, who were taken to be her sons, one of whom was Tom Collins, (Tom was later gunned down by the Illuminati) were near her throne. As only the most honored and powerful dared be in the vicinity of her throne, this showed that these two Collins boys were powerful. The boys passed out papers, which had time tables written on them of things that were to happen. A great discussion was carried on about what had happened in the world to bring in Satan\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds One-World-Government during the last six months"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University The Aristocrat Label [PAR] The Aristocrat Label [PAR] \u00a9 Robert L. Campbell, Robert Pruter, George R. White, Tom Kelly, and George Paulus [PAR] Last Revised: November 8, 2016 [PAR] What Was Aristocrat? [PAR] Revision note.We have adjusted the release schedule for the early months of 1950, to reflect the company's decision to rush out Aristocrat 412 by Muddy Waters and the second Aristocrat 410 by Penny Smith, both of which came out in March 1950. Also Aristocrat 407 by the Blues Rockers was first advertised in December 1949. We have updated our entry on pop bandleader Sherman Hayes. We have updated our entries on the Blues Bockers, and slightly updated our entry on Country guitarist and singer Dick Hiorns. We have also added more information on Forrest Sykes, the boogie-woogie pianist from Kansas City whom no other label recorded. We have added details on the Four-A Melody Men, the gospel group from Saint Louis that recorded for Aristocrat as the Seven Melody Men. We now have a bio for the singer then known as Penny Smith, who had a much longer and more complex career than we'd realized: Penny Smith was her third stage name, and in 2016 she is known to most who know her at all by her fifth name, Debbie Dean. We have also added a bio on Bill Walker, whose combo accompanied her on the second Aristocrat 410. Walker gained his lasting fame as a composer of music for commercials. We have also added some details about Lee Monti's activities after he finished recording for Aristocrat in December 1947. [PAR] The Aristocrat label was the forerunner to Chess Records , the mighty Chicago independent. But it was different from the label it evolved into, and should not be assimilated to it. [PAR] A test pressing from Aristocrat's first recording session. From the collection of Robert L. Campbell [PAR] Aristocrat was officially formed on April 10, 1947 by Charles Aron (who was born in Romania in 1907, and died in Miami, Florida in 1974) and his wife Evelyn (formerly Evelyn Marks, she was born in Chicago in 1919 and died in Boulder, Colorado in 1997). Initially, their partners were Fred and Mildred Brount and Art Spiegel, none of whom took a leadership role in the business. In June, the company became more interested in signing rhythm and blues artists, and took the crucial step of hiring talent scout Sammy Goldberg. [PAR] By September 1947, Leonard Chess, the proprietor of a neighborhood bar and after-hours joint called the Macomba Lounge (3905 South Cottage Grove), had invested in the company and become involved in the sales end of Aristocrat's operations. Leonard Chess's name was first associated with the company in an item that appeared in Billboard on October 11, 1947; he was identified as a new addition to \"the sales staff.\" By then he was already wholesaling Aristocrat product out of the trunk of his Buick. Aristocrat had first drawn Leonard Chess's attention in June when Sammy Goldberg recruited Tom Archia , the tenor saxophonist who was working in the house trio at the Macomba, for a session led by drummer Jump Jackson. The company liked Archia's work and promptly brought him back for two more sessions as a leader. In late August or early September, Goldberg was responsible for signing Andrew Tibbs, who sang around the corner from the Macomba at Jimmy's Palm Garden, and became accustomed to dropping into the Macomba at intermission. Leonard Chess was also interested in recording an artist he believed would be a big success."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F [PAR] Why England Slept [PAR] Kennedy, John F. [PAR] New York: Wilfred Funk, Inc, 1940. First edition. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. Publisher's rose cloth. Spine faded, light wear to spine ends. First edition. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. JFK's First Book, Inscribed to Newsman Arthur Krock. The first edition of John F. Kennedy's first book, inscribed to Arthur Krock: \"To Mr. Krock. Who Baptized, Christened, and was Best Man for this book - with my sincere thanks, Jack Kennedy.\" Arthur Krock (1886-1974), the \"Dean of Washington Newsmen,\" was Washington correspondent and bureau chief for the New York Times and wrote the \"In the Nation\" column. He was a close friend and political ally of Joe Kennedy and his children. He advised John F. Kennedy with the revisions of his 1939 senior honors paper, \"Appeasement in Munich,\" in preparation for its publication the following year. It was Krock who suggested the new title, Why England Slept, a response to Churchill's While England Slept. Krock would continue to advise the young Kennedy, who thanked him In the Preface to Profiles in Courage. Ted Kennedy wrote admiringly of Krock in his tribute volume to his father: \"Mr. Krock has long been one of the most respected newsmen and columnists in Washington. He was won two Pulitzer Prizes for his work. He met Dad [Joseph Kennedy] during the New Deal years and won his deep admiration. Mr. Krock advised President Kennedy in the writing of his first book, Why England Slept, and has been a source of valued help to my brothers and myself\" (Edward Kennedy, The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy, p. 112). [With:] As We Remember Joe. Edited by John F. Kennedy. Privately Printed: Cambridge, Mass, 1945. First edition, second issue. Original burgundy cloth. Fine copy. Inscribed, \"For Martha and Arthur Krock, Bob Kennedy. Christmas 1965.\" Krock contributed a short reminiscence of Joe Kennedy from the 1940 Democratic National Convention, pp. 39-41. KENNEDY, Robert F. The Enemy Within. Harper & Brothers: New York, 1960. First edition. Publisher's cloth. Spine faded. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, With the thanks and admiration of his friend, Bob Kennedy.\" Krock wrote the foreword to The Enemy Within. The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy. Collected by Edward M. Kennedy. Privately Printed, 1965. Original blue cloth. Some scuffing to front cover. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, Who helped make The Fruitful Bough possible. With appreciation. Ted Kennedy. Sept 6 1965.\" With carbon of typescript of Krock's contribution to the volume as submitted for editing. [PAR] Condition: Publisher's rose cloth. Spine faded, light wear to spine ends [PAR] Edition: First edition [PAR] Why England Slept. [PAR] Kennedy, John F. [PAR] New York: Wilfred Funk, Inc, 1940. First edition. Octavo, bound in full blue leather, all edges gilt. The dedication copy of John F. Kennedy's first book, Why England Slept, with Rose Kennedy's embossed name on the front panel. This copy was specially bound for the author's mother, Rose Kennedy and presented to her. This copy brought $52,900 at the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis sale at Sotheby's in May 1996. Housed in a full dark blue morocco clamshell box. Unique. Published the year Kennedy graduated from Harvard, Why England Slept was an expansion of his senior thesis. The title is a variation on the title of Winston Churchill's work, While England Slept, published about two years before Kennedy's. It was dedicated to John's parents, Rose and Joe Kennedy. In this work he attempts to explain why England was so poorly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United States tests first hydrogen bomb - Nov 01, 1952 ... United States tests first hydrogen bomb - Nov 01, 1952 - HISTORY.com [PAR] United States tests first hydrogen bomb [PAR] Share this: [PAR] United States tests first hydrogen bomb [PAR] Author [PAR] United States tests first hydrogen bomb [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The United States detonates the world\u2019s first thermonuclear weapon, the hydrogen bomb, on Eniwetok atoll in the Pacific. The test gave the United States a short-lived advantage in the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. Following the successful Soviet detonation of an atomic device in September 1949, the United States accelerated its program to develop the next stage in atomic weaponry, a thermonuclear bomb. Popularly known as the hydrogen bomb, this new weapon was approximately 1,000 times more powerful than conventional nuclear devices. Opponents of development of the hydrogen bomb included J. Robert Oppenheimer, one of the fathers of the atomic bomb. He and others argued that little would be accomplished except the speeding up of the arms race, since it was assumed that the Soviets would quickly follow suit.The opponents were correct in their assumptions. The Soviet Union exploded a thermonuclear device the following year and by the late 1970s, seven nations had constructed hydrogen bombs. The nuclear arms race had taken a fearful step forward. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amman Queen Alia International Airport - QAIA Airport Amman Queen Alia International Airport - QAIA Airport [PAR] Amman Queen Alia International Airport [PAR] Travel Guide [PAR] Welcome to Amman Queen Alia International Airport - Amman Airport (AMM) [PAR] Use this website to quickly find the most important information about Amman Queen Alia International Airport: Flights (Departures, Arrivals), Parking, Car Rentals, Hotels near the airport and other information about QAIA airport. Plan your travel to Amman Airport with the information provided in this site. Check Amman Travel Guide at Bautrip for more information about Amman. [PAR] [PAR] Amman Queen Alia International Airport (IATA: AMM, ICAO: OJAI) (Matar al-Malikah 'Alya' Ad-Dowaly) is located in Zizya area, 20 miles (30km) south of Amman, the capital city of Jordan. It is the home hub of Royal Jordanian Airlines, the national flag carrier, and Jordan Aviation, Royal Falcon and Royal Wings as well. [PAR] In March of 2013 the old terminal closed and the new terminal opened. It was awarded by Airport Council international as the best airport in Middle East in 2014. [PAR] Queen Alia International Airport [PAR] (IATA: AMM) is the biggest airport in Jordan [PAR] The airport is located 30 kilometres south of Amman [PAR] Amman Airport served 7 Million passengers in 2015 [PAR] There is only one terminal, which was opened in March 2013 [PAR] Amman airport is the largest one in Jordan and is being used for approximately 40 airlines from around the world being Royal Jordanian airline the busiest one with over 45 destinations worldwide. [PAR] In 2015, 7,095,685 passengers used the Airport. The number of passengers is growing each year, and the traffic has doubled in the last ten years. [PAR] Terminal [PAR] QAIA Airport or Amman Airport has one unique terminal, serving the 7 million passengers per year, and being able to handle up to 12 million passengers. [PAR] The terminal was opened in March 2013 in order to give a better experience to passengers and giving a capacity of 9 million passengers. From 2014 to 2016 an expansion was made, increasing the capacity up to 12 million passengers. [PAR] The terminal is divided in three levels. [PAR] [PAR] - Prayer Rooms [PAR] Terminal Levels [PAR] - Arrival Level 1: It holds the arrivals area and the baggage claim area and a duty free shop. [PAR] There is also the public area with retail shops, services (such as Banks, Prayer Room) and restaurants. [PAR] - Departure Level 2: Divides travelers between Jordanian passengers (E gates) and International passengers. There are not many facilities in this level. [PAR] - Departure Level 3: It has the passport control, access to departures gates and a lot of different services. It has the duty free area, several restaurants and bars, some retail shops, a pharmacy, a kids play area, a prayer area or departure gates among others. [PAR] QAIA Airport in numbers [PAR] - One terminal expanded in 2016 with a total capacity of 12 million passengers. [PAR] - Hub for 4 airlines: Royal Jordanian Airlines, Royal Wings, Jordan Aviation and Royal Falcon. [PAR] - 2 runways [PAR] - More than 40 airlines (passenger, charter and cargo) [PAR] - 6,000 square metres of retail space. [PAR] - Estimated investment of USD 750 million in the construction of the new terminal (2013). Currently expansion with estimated cost of USD 100 million. [PAR] Transportation [PAR] There are currently three options: [PAR] - Taxi: With fixed and public rates. [PAR] - Bus Express: Called Sariyah Airport Express Bus, it runs to Amman every 30-60' during 24 hours/day. [PAR] - Local buses: to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes ... The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes Before Work | Quote Investigator [PAR] The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes Before Work [PAR] Vince Lombardi? Mark Twain? Arthur Brisbane? Vidal Sassoon? Stubby Currence? Anonymous? [PAR] Dear Quote Investigator: There is an astute saying about gaining achievements through effort that deftly refers to the alphabetical order of a dictionary. Here are two versions: [PAR] 1) Success comes before work only in the dictionary. [PAR] 2) The dictionary is the only place where success comes before work. [PAR] This expression has been attributed to football coach Vince Lombardi, humorist Mark Twain, newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, hair stylist Vidal Sassoon, and others. Would you please explore its origin? [PAR] Quote Investigator: QI has found no substantive evidence that Mark Twain made this statement. It is not listed on Barbara Schmidt\u2019s TwainQuotes.com website, an important reference tool for checking expressions ascribed to the luminary. Also, it does not appear in the large compilation \u201cMark Twain at Your Fingertips\u201d. [PAR] The earliest strong match for this saying located by QI was published in 1935 by a newspaper columnist named Stubby Currence. The details are given further below. [PAR] QI conjectures that the expression emerged from a precursor statement that was in circulation by the 1920s. The following was printed in a New Castle, Pennsylvania newspaper in 1925, and the same statement with the words \u201cfor it\u201d deleted was printed in a Humboldt, Iowa newspaper in 1926: 1 [PAR] One way to find success without working for it is to look it up in the dictionary. [PAR] Three key vocabulary items were shared with the saying under investigation: \u201csuccess\u201d, \u201cworking\u201d, and \u201cdictionary\u201d. But the meaning here was somewhat different. The reader might find the word \u201csuccess\u201d simply by looking it up in a dictionary, but this action was distinct from actually obtaining worldly success. The wordplay and joke structure here were distinguishable, but there were multiple points of similarity with the phrase being traced. [PAR] In 1932 \u201cThe News-Herald\u201d newspaper of Franklin, Pennsylvania printed another version of the precursor quip. This instance semantically matched the 1925 citation, but syntactically it was closer to the next citation in 1935: 2 [PAR] In a dictionary is the only place one can find success without working for it. [PAR] In 1935 an expression solidly matching the one given by the questioner was published in the \u201cBluefield Daily Telegraph\u201d of Bluefield, West Virginia. The words appeared in a column called \u201cThe Press Box\u201d by Stubby Currence who covered sports for the paper. QI does not know whether Currence was the crafter of the jape or simply the transmitter: 3 [PAR] BUFF SAYS: \u201cThe dictionary is the only place where you come to SUCCESS before you get to WORK.\u201d [PAR] Here are additional selected citations in chronological order. [PAR] In 1941 \u201cThe Pampa News\u201d of Pampa, Texas printed a column titled \u201cJust between Us Girls\u201d containing an unattributed instance of the saying that used dialectical spelling: 4 [PAR] Dictionary am de only place where you come to success befor\u2019 you git to work. [PAR] In 1953 \u201cThe Echo\u201d newspaper of Richardson, Texas published an unattributed instance together with a miscellaneous set of unrelated items under the title \u201cMoments\u201d: 5 [PAR] Only in the dictionary will you find success coming before work. [PAR] In 1954 the saying was incorporated in a classified advertisement in a Syracuse, New York paper: 6 [PAR] \u201cTHE DICTIONARY IS THE ONLY place where success comes before work.\u201d [PAR] SEE US FOR"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NASA - What Is a Space Probe? NASA - What Is a Space Probe? [PAR] What Is a Space Probe? [PAR] 02.25.10 [PAR] [PAR] Artist's concept of Mariner 9, the first probe to orbit Mars. Image credit: NASA We received this question from fourth-grade students in Fresno, California. JPL's Homework Help page provides basic information and suggestions for further research. [PAR] A probe is a spacecraft that travels through space to collect science information. Probes do not have astronauts. Probes send data back to Earth for scientists to study. [PAR] The First Probes [PAR] Sputnik 1 was the first probe to go into space. It was launched on Oct. 4, 1957, by the former Soviet Union. On Jan. 31, 1958, the United States sent a probe called Explorer 1 into space. These first probes studied Earth from space. They also learned what it's like to be in space. This was the beginning of the Space Race between the United States and Soviet Union. [PAR] Once probes could reach space, the two countries started sending probes to fly past the moon and other planets. Mariner 2 was the first probe to study another planet. On Dec. 14, 1962, Mariner 2 flew past the planet Venus. It confirmed that Venus is very hot. [PAR] A different probe, called Mariner 4, was the first probe to snap a picture of a planet. On July 14, 1965, Mariner 4 flew past Mars. Its images of Mars showed a cold, cratered, moon-like surface. [PAR] In 1971, Mariner 9 arrived at Mars and became the first probe to orbit, or circle, another planet. Mariner 9 took a picture of Mars that showed the largest volcano in the solar system. [PAR] Probes Over Time [PAR] Many probes study Earth or measure properties of space. Other probes use telescopes or other instruments to study planets, stars, and galaxies that are far away. Probes that travel to other planets have changed from simple machines that could study a few features of a planet to sophisticated probes that travel great distances to study a wide range of features on planets, moons, asteroids and comets. We tend to call these more sophisticated probes spacecraft, orbiters, landers and rovers. [PAR] One of the most famous probes is Voyager 1. It has traveled further in space than any human-made object. It launched into space in 1977. Voyager 1 flew past Jupiter and Saturn and then headed for the edge of our solar system. As of Feb. 1, 2010, the spacecraft was 16.8 billion kilometers (about 10.4 billion miles) from Earth. [PAR] For more information about JPL probes and missions go to http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/index.cfm . [PAR] For a timeline of robotic exploration, go to http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/history/index.cfm . [PAR] More research topics:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the ' Batman ' TV Series A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the 'Batman' TV Series | Mental Floss [PAR] A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the 'Batman' TV Series [PAR] Here they all are with a little extra Bam! Pow! Zap! for good measure. [PAR] 1. THE RIDDLER (FRANK GORSHIN) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 1, 2, 11, 12, 23, 24, 31, 32), SEASON 3 (EPISODE 2) [PAR] The quintessential (and first) Batman villain to star in the \u201966 series, Frank Gorshin would end up playing The Riddler in all of the character\u2019s appearances in the series except for a two episode span during season two when John Astin stepped into the green tights. [PAR] 2. THE RIDDLER (JOHN ASTIN) [PAR] SEASON 2 (EPISODES 45, 46) [PAR] Perhaps best known for playing Gomez Addams in ABC\u2019s 1964 TV series The Addams Family, John Astin donned The Riddler\u2019s costume for a short two-episode arc during Batman\u2019s second season. [PAR] 3. THE PENGUIN (BURGESS MEREDITH) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 3, 4, 21, 22, 33, 34), SEASON 2 (EPISODES 17, 18, 27, 28, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44), SEASON 3 (EPISODES 1, 4, 5, 20) [PAR] Burgess Meredith\u2019s portrayal of The Penguin may be the most iconic (at least in appearance) of the entire series. With his purple top hat, monocle, and long cigarette, Meredith\u2019s Penguin would appear in more Batman episodes (20) than any other villain. [PAR] 4. THE JOKER (CESAR ROMERO) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 5, 6, 15, 16, 25, 26), SEASON 2 (EPISODES 21, 22, 37, 38, 39, 47, 48, 57, 58), SEASON 3 (EPISODES 10, 16, 17, 24) [PAR] Second only to Burgess Meredith as The Penguin, Cesar Romero appears in Batman as The Joker in 19 episodes in total. Known for his bright green hair, stark white makeup, and wide smile, Romero\u2019s Joker would become one of the show\u2019s most memorable villains. The actor famously refused to shave his signature mustache and you can see it under the white face paint particularly well on the high-definition transfers included on this Blu-ray box set. [PAR] 5. MR. FREEZE (GEORGE SANDERS) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 7, 8) [PAR] Appearing as Mr. Freeze for only two episodes during the show\u2019s first season, George Sander\u2019s Mr. Freeze is quite low tech compared to the getups that Otto Preminger and Eli Wallach would wear during season two. When he does eventually don his signature suit, Sanders looks more like an astronaut than a villain with super freezy powers. [PAR] 6. MR. FREEZE (OTTO PREMINGER) [PAR] SEASON 2 (EPISODES 19, 20) [PAR] Legendary, groundbreaking director Otto Preminger (Laura) took over the role of Mr. Freeze for two episodes during Batman\u2019s second season and gives perhaps the most bizarre (and cool) performance of the three actors that would play the character. [PAR] 7. MR. FREEZE (ELI WALLACH) [PAR] SEASON 2 (EPISODES 59, 60) [PAR] Eli Wallach (who passed away in June 2014 at the age of 98) played the frigid villain for the final two episodes of season two. His Mr. Freeze, who discovers an instant ice formula, is easily the most mustache-twirlingly and villainous of the three versions. It is also likely to be the most memorable. [PAR] 8. ZELDA THE GREAT (ANNE BAXTER) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 9, 10) [PAR] The great Anne Baxter (All About Eve, The Razor\u2019s Edge, The Ten Commandments) plays Zelda the Great in a two-episode arc that includes the kidnapping of poor Aunt Harriet. This isn\u2019t, however, the last time fans would see"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1929\u2019s record-setting endurance flights \u2014 General Aviation ... 1929\u2019s record-setting endurance flights \u2014 General Aviation News [PAR] 1929\u2019s record-setting endurance flights [PAR] May 10, 2015 [PAR] by Dennis Parks [PAR] The 1920s saw many records set for altitude, speed, endurance and range, but they were destined to be only fleeting. The records fell quickly due to the development of better aircraft and engines. [PAR] January 1929 began the year with an achievement that many thought would never be exceeded anytime in the near future \u2014 the epic six day flight of the Question Mark. [PAR] The Question Mark was a modified Fokker transport aircraft that was flown to a refueled endurance record by US Army aviators. The flight established new world records for sustained flight, refueled flight, and distance. [PAR] The US Army Fokker transport Question Mark set an endurance refueling record in January 1929, only to have it shattered numerous times during the year. Photo courtesy Dennis Parks [PAR] Taking off from Los Angeles Metropolitan Field on Jan. 1, 1929, the Question Mark stayed aloft for 150 hours and 40 minutes, landing back at Los Angeles nearly a week later. [PAR] Aero Digest reported that \u201cin view of present design and construction of aircraft and power plants that the record represented the maximum number of hours a plane could remain in continuous flight.\u201d [PAR] But the Question Mark record was not the end-all. There would be nearly 40 civilian attempts to set a new endurance record with refueling during the remainder of the year. Four of these attempts set new world\u2019s records. [PAR] FORT WORTH [PAR] The flight of the Question Mark fired up fliers with enthusiasm for duration flights. In May two Texas pilots, James Kelly and Reginald Robbins, reconditioned a Ryan B-1 Brougham cabin monoplane named Fort Worth. This was an aircraft that had already flown 50,000 miles and had a second-hand Wright Whirlwind engine that had run 500 hours. [PAR] Both pilots were hardly more than amateurs, Kelly being a former cowboy and Robbins a former railroad mechanic. It was considered at the time a rather brash attempt to exceed the world\u2019s record of the Question Mark, which had been piloted by experienced fliers backed by the resources of the US Army. [PAR] On May 19 the pilots departed Meacham Field in Fort Worth just before noon. They took off with 250 gallons of gas, planning to be refueled twice a day from another Brougham. Twice a day Kelley crawled out on an 8-inch catwalk to grease the rocker arms of the engine. During one of these times the buckle of his safety belt nicked the wooden propeller. This nick developed into a crack that enlarged during a rain storm. [PAR] After exceeding the Question Mark\u2019s record, it was thought the pilots would land, but they kept at it until the vibration of the engine became so violent they decided to land rather than risk a crash. [PAR] On the morning of May 26 they had flown exactly for a week. The flight was concluded after establishing what was a remarkable world\u2019s refueled record of 172 hours, 32 minutes, and one second. However, their record had but a short life \u2014 it was beaten the following month. [PAR] CITY OF CLEVELAND [PAR] In Cleveland at the end of June two pilots, Bryon Newcomb and Roy Mitchell, mounted an attempt to top the Fort Worth\u2019s record. For their effort they used a Wright Whirlwind-powered Stinson Detroiter monoplane named City of Cleveland. They took off from the Cleveland airport on June 28, with their eyes set"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Air Transportation: The Opening of the Commercial Jet Era Air Transportation: The Opening of the Commercial Jet Era [PAR] The De Havilland Comet was the world\ufffds first jet airliner. [PAR] Pan Am inaugurated its New York-London route with a Boeing 707 on October 26, 1958. [PAR] America's first ever non-stop transcontinental service began with flights by American Airlines using DC-7 aircraft. [PAR] Aeroflot began the world's first sustained jet airline service using Tupolev Tu-104 'Camel' jets on an extensive internal route network from the summer of 1955. The Tu-104 saw service until the mid-1970s. [PAR] The Opening of the Commercial Jet Era [PAR] Like perhaps no other single technology, the jet engine revolutionized air travel around the world. Unlike the old propeller-driven planes that were powered by piston engines , jet planes could fly at tremendous speeds, thus cutting down travel time. Jet-equipped airplanes also could climb faster and fly higher. Both the U.S. Air Force and civil aircraft builders found these capabilities attractive in the years after World War II when international contacts stretched across the globe. There were, however, major concerns about transferring jet engine technology to the commercial aviation sector. Airline executives in the postwar era were aware that, although jet engines were simpler than the old piston engines, they also had high operating temperatures that required very expensive metal alloy components that ultimately would affect an aircraft's longevity and reliability. Moreover, jet engines used far greater amounts of fuel. The initially low takeoff speed would also require longer runways. All of this added up to increased costs. As a result, U.S. passenger air carriers did not support the building of jet airliners in the immediate postwar years, and adopted a \ufffdwait-and-see\ufffd approach before embarking on this risky path. [PAR] The British Overseas Aircraft Corporation (BOAC), the national British carrier, first introduced a commercial jet airliner into service. The 36-seat Comet 1, built by De Havilland , flew for the first time on July 27, 1949. BOAC inaugurated the world's first commercial jet service on May 2, 1952. Initial flights took passengers from London to Johannesburg in South Africa, with stops in Rome, Beirut, Khartoum (in Sudan), Entebbe (in Kenya), and Livingstone, near Victoria Falls. At the time, the top cruising speed of the most well known piston-engine aircraft, the DC-3 , was about 180 miles per hour (290 kilometers per hour). With the Comet, passengers could travel comfortably at 480 miles per hour (772 kilometers per hour), making it a revolutionary leap in air travel. The Comet also provided conditions that contrasted sharply to piston-engine planes: the planes were vibration-free and relatively quiet. [PAR] Unfortunately, the Comet was the victim of a number of tragic accidents, and BOAC suspended flights within two years. Engineers found that the planes suffered from metal fatigue, especially around rivet holes, due to the need to repeatedly pressurize and depressurize the aircraft. In 1952, Pan American Airways had already put in an order for the new 76-seat Comet 3, but the crashes of the earlier Comet put the contract into doubt. By this time, domestic U.S. companies had begun their own programs to build jet airliners. Several factors, such as improved jet engines, now convinced these companies to reconsider their initial reluctance to build commercial jet planes. [PAR] Of all the airlines in the United States, Pan American, which the U.S. government considered its \ufffdchosen instrument\ufffd to represent the American commercial air fleet abroad, was undoubtedly a pioneer in embracing jet aviation. Juan Trippe , the airlines' legendary chief executive officer, had early on expressed a keen interest in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1948-1980 Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1948-1980 [PAR] World War II [PAR] On May 12, 1940, two days after the German occupation had started, Princess Juliana and her two daughters fled to England. After a month they went to Canada, but before they left England Princess Irene was christened at the chapel of Buckingham Palace. Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Bernhard stayed in London and travelled to visit the family in Ottawa, Canada, a few times during the war. From Canada, the Princess undertook several travels to Suriname and the Dutch Antilles. [PAR] Shortly before Princess Juliana's third child Margriet was born on January 19, 1943, the Governor General of Canada, Alexander Cambridge, granted Royal Assent to a special law declaring Princess Juliana's rooms at the Ottawa Civic Hospital as extraterritorial so that the child would have exclusively Dutch, not dual, nationality. Had these arrangements not occurred, Princess Margriet would have been excluded from the line of succession. Soon after the war ended, Princess Juliana expressed her gratitude to Canada by sending the city of Ottawa 100,000 tulip bulbs. In 1946, she donated another 20,500 bulbs, with the request that some of them be planted at the grounds of the Ottawa Civic Hospital. At the same time, she promised Ottawa an annual gift of tulips during her lifetime to show her lasting appreciation for Canada's war-time hospitality; Ottawa has hosted the Canadian Tulip Festival in celebration of this gift every year since. [PAR] Although the Netherlands was liberated in May 1945, and Princess Juliana had already visited The Netherlands soon afterwards, she and her children did not officially return until August 2, 1945. During her first return, she helped in several aid projects for the Dutch people, and in the spring of 1946 she and her husband visited several countries that had helped the Netherlands during the German occupation. The couple's last child, Marijke Christina was born on February 18, 1947. [PAR] Reign [PAR] Princess Juliana acted as regent for her mother from October 14 to December 1, 1947, and from May 14 to August 30, 1948. On September 4, 1948, Queen Wilhelmina abdicated in favor of her daughter, who was formally inaugurated as Queen Juliana at the New Church in Amsterdam two days later. [PAR] Juliana's first major act as queen was to sign an act of state granting independence to Indonesia (formerly Dutch West Indies), which she did at Dam Palace in Amsterdam on December 27, 1949. [PAR] On the night of January 31, 1953, the Netherlands was hit by the most destructive storm in more than five hundred years. Thirty breaches of dunes and dikes occurred and many towns were swept away by twelve-foot tidal waves. More than two thousand people drowned and tens of thousands were trapped by the floodwaters. Dressed in boots and an old coat, Queen Juliana waded through water and slopped through deep mud all over the devastated areas to deliver food and clothing to devastated areas. [PAR] Other major events during her reign included creation of the Benelux customs union, Dutch accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , and the signing of the Treaty of Rome as one of six founder members of what is now the European Union . [PAR] Although Queen Juliana was generally well liked by the Dutch citizenry, several events in her and her family's personal lives tested her relationship with her \"subjects.\" The first began with the birth of Princess Marijke, who was born almost blind. In 1956, a friend of Prince Bernhard introduced the Queen to prayer-healer Greet Hofmans,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard [PAR] Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits [PAR] Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images [PAR] Ringo Starr circa 1970 [PAR] Ringo Starr rose to international fame as a member of the Beatles, but he's always been more than just a drummer. As this special look at his biggest Billboard Hot 100 songs illustrates, once Starr got a chance to step into the spotlight solo in the '70s, he showed he was a hitmaker in his own right. In honor of his 75th birthday (he was born July 7, 1940), it's a perfect time to honor Starr's work as a solo ... well, star. So turn up your speakers and scroll down as we roll through Ringo's top 10 Billboard Hot 100 hits. [PAR] The Beatles' 50 Biggest Billboard Hits [PAR] This chart of Ringo Starr's 10 Biggest Billboard Hot 100 Hits is based on actual performance on the weekly Billboard Hot 100, through the chart dated July 11, 2015. Songs are ranked using an inverse point system, with weeks at No. 1 earning the greatest value and weeks at No. 100 earning the least. [PAR] 1 [PAR] \"You\u2019re Sixteen\" Hot 100 Peak: 1 (1 week), Peak Date: 1/26/74 [PAR] 2 [PAR] \"Photograph\" Hot 100 Peak: 1 (1 week), Peak Date: 11/24/73 [PAR] 3 [PAR] \"No No Song/Snookeroo\" Hot 100 Peak: 3, Peak Date: 4/5/75 [PAR] 4 [PAR] \"It Don\u2019t Come Easy\" Hot 100 Peak: 4, Peak Date: 6/5/71 [PAR] 5 [PAR] \"Oh My My\" Hot 100 Peak: 5, Peak Date: 4/27/74 [PAR] 6 [PAR] \"Only You\" Hot 100 Peak: 6, Peak Date: 1/11/75 [PAR] 7 [PAR] \"Back Off Boogaloo\" Hot 100 Peak: 9, Peak Date: 5/13/72 [PAR] 8 [PAR] \"A Dose Of Rock \u2018N\u2019 Roll\" Hot 100 Peak: 26, Peak Date: 11/6/76 [PAR] 9 [PAR] \"Wrack My Brain\" Hot 100 Peak: 38, Peak Date: 12/12/81 [PAR] 10[DOC] [TLE] Ringo Starr | Billboard Ringo Starr | Billboard [PAR] Ringo Starr [PAR] \u00a9 2017 Billboard. All Rights Reserved. [PAR] Billboard.com is a member of Billboard Music, a division of Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Niki Lauda quits his airline to focus on F1 ... - anna.aero Niki Lauda quits his airline to focus on F1 again; NIKI dumps Central European routes for Greece and Scandinavia | anna.aero [PAR] Tweet [PAR] 9 Jan 2013 // Take-offs & Landings // Comments OFF [PAR] Niki Lauda quits his airline to focus on F1 again; NIKI dumps Central European routes for Greece and Scandinavia [PAR] Niki Lauda, the three-time Formula 1 World Champion (1975/77/84), and founder of airberlin\u2019s Austrian subsidiary NIKI, has announced that he is standing down from the airline's board to concentrate on his new role as chairman of the Mercedes Formula 1 team, which in 2013 will see the arrival of former McLaren driver Lewis Hamilton, replacing seven-times World Champion Michael Schumacher. NIKI was the second airline he has named after himself, having founded Lauda Air in 1979, which he later sold to his former rivals, Austrian Airlines, in 2000. In 2003 NIKI emerged from the failed carrier Aero Lloyd Austria, and almost immediately forged a very close co-operation with airberlin, whose influence and control gradually increased until NIKI became a wholly-owned subsidiary in November 2011. Recently a new livery was introduced to bring NIKI\u2019s look much more in-line with that of its parent, and Vienna has become one of the airberlin group's four major hubs (the others are Berlin Tegel, D\u00fcsseldorf and Palma de Mallorca). [PAR] 5 million passengers in 2012; E190s being phased out [PAR] The airline currently operates a fleet of 26 aircraft; 19 Airbus A320-series aircraft and seven Embraer E190s. This has enabled NIKI to transport some five million passengers in 2012, up from 4.5 million in 2011 and 3.4 million in 2010. In 2011 it generated revenues of around \u20ac450 million, indicating an average revenue per passenger of around \u20ac100. During the early part of 2013 the Embraer E190s will be phased out (although they will be retained within the airberlin group) while four additional Airbus aircraft will be added to the fleet, including three factory-fresh A320s. As a result the airline's fleet this summer will be rationalised on four A321s, 13 A320s, and six A319s. [PAR] Central European cuts; Greece and Scandinavia set to grow [PAR] NIKI is the second busiest carrier at Vienna where it is much more of a nuisance to Austrian Airlines than Lauda Air ever was. But later this month NIKI will drop non-stop services from Vienna to three Central European destinations: Belgrade (Serbia), Bucharest (Romania) and Sofia (Bulgaria). All three of these routes were launched on the same day, 10 February 2010 with the soon-to-be phased-out E190s, and all will apparently end on the same day (27 January 2013), almost exactly three years later. Instead, with the all-Airbus fleet this summer, NIKI is launching several new seasonal \"summer sun\" routes to Greek destinations, including Kalamata, Karpathos, Kavala, Mytilene and Volos \u2013 most of these destinations will be served with just a single weekly flight. As a result NIKI's capacity to Greece from Vienna this summer will grow by around 35%. The other market to see significant capacity growth this summer is Scandinavia. Although weekly frequencies will remain virtually unchanged on both the Copenhagen and Stockholm routes, the number of available seats will grow as NIKI replaces the E190s currently operating the route with larger A320s. [PAR] Source: OAG Max Online for w/c 6 August 2012 and w/c 5 August 2013. DATCH countries are Germany (D), Austria (AT) and Switzerland (CH). [PAR] Capacity to German-speaking markets will fall some 16%. Zurich, Palma and Frankfurt will remain NIKI's three biggest routes in terms of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benjamin Franklin Bridge (I-676 and US 30) - phillyroads.com Benjamin Franklin Bridge (I-676 and US 30) [PAR] Toll schedule for all vehicles [PAR] EARLY PLANS FOR A DELAWARE RIVER CROSSING: Like New York City, Philadelphia waited more than a century for a fixed crossing to New Jersey. The first plan for a Delaware River bridge between Philadelphia and Camden was developed in 1818, when the proposed \"Farrand and Sharp's Bridge\" called for a low-level, multi-span structure with several openings to permit passage by tall ships. This early plan was followed in the 1840s by two separate plans for suspension bridges. However, none of the nineteenth-century proposals attracted serious interest. [PAR] It took the introduction of the automobile to resurrect interest in the proposed Delaware River bridge. In 1913, the city of Philadelphia formed the Penn Memorial Bridge Committee to study a possible fixed crossing. [PAR] The desire for a bridge over the Delaware River was long held not only by Philadelphians, but also by New Jersey farmers who wished to transport their produce to Pennsylvania markets. Between 1908 and 1911, the state of New Jersey passed laws stipulating that three or more counties could join to initiate a bridge study if all three counties were contiguous, and at least one bordered the river to be crossed. Influenced by the agricultural interests, Gloucester, Camden, and Burlington counties eventually came up with the funds to study the proposed Delaware River Bridge. [PAR] In 1918, the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey established commissions for a Delaware River span, and hired the firm of Waddell and Son to make a consulting-engineering study. The report recommended that a suspension span be constructed from Vine Street and Race Street in Philadelphia, to Linden Street in Camden. It also recommended helical incline approaches because of the high cost of land. [PAR] On December 12, 1919, the Delaware River Bridge Joint Commission was established. The Joint Commission appointed Rudolphe Modjeski, the chief engineer who oversaw the completion of the Manhattan Bridge, as chief bridge engineer. The Commission adopted the location proposed by Waddell and Son, but rejected the helical approach design in favor of a more conventional one. [PAR] The next major decision concerned the construction of either a suspension or a cantilever span across the Delaware River. For the suspension bridge design, the main span was to be 1,750 feet, flanked by side spans of 719\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd feet. For the cantilever bridge design, the main span was also to be 1,750 feet, but was to be flanked by shorter side spans of 500 feet. Both bridges were to have mid-span clearances of 135 feet over mean high water. By 1922, Modjeski's suspension design was approved by the Delaware River Bridge Joint Commission. [PAR] CONSTRUCTING THE BRIDGE: Physical construction of the Delaware River Bridge began on January 6, 1922, but \"in lieu of the traditional digging of the first spadeful of dirt, a plank was torn loose\" from a pier that the bridge would replace. [PAR] For his Delaware River Bridge design, Modjeski employed a practical application of \"deflection theory\" similar to the design found on the Manhattan Bridge. Developed by Leon Moisseiff, a former design engineer with the New York City Bridge Department who offered his services for the new Philadelphia span, deflection theory stated that there are three opposing forces on the deck and suspension cables as follows: [PAR] one downward force caused by the load of the roadway [PAR] one force in one part of the cable, pulling up and to the left [PAR] one force in the other part of the cable,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BOP: Alcatraz BOP: Alcatraz [PAR] Alcatraz [PAR] Alcatraz Origins [PAR] Soldier with artillery canon atop Alcatraz island [PAR] The name Alcatraz is derived from the Spanish \"Alcatraces.\" In 1775, the Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala was the first to sail into what is now known as San Francisco Bay - his expedition mapped the bay and named one of the three islands Alcatraces. Over time, the name was Anglicized to Alcatraz. While the exact meaning is still debated, Alcatraz is usually defined as meaning \"pelican\" or \"strange bird.\" [PAR] In 1850, a presidential order set aside the island for possible use as a United States military reservation. The California Gold Rush, the resulting boom in the growth of San Francisco, and the need to protect San Francisco Bay led the U.S. Army to build a Citadel, or fortress, at the top of the island in the early 1850s. The Army also made plans to install more than 100 cannons on the island, making Alcatraz the most heavily fortified military site on the West Coast. Together with Fort Point and Lime Point, Alcatraz formed a \"triangle of defense\" designed to protect the entrance to the bay. The island was also the site of the first operational lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States. [PAR] By the late 1850s, the first military prisoners were being housed on the island. While the defensive necessity of Alcatraz diminished over time (the island never fired its guns in battle), its role as a prison would continue for more than 100 years. In 1909, the Army tore down the Citadel, leaving its basement level to serve as the foundation for a new military prison. From 1909 through 1911, the military prisoners on Alcatraz built the new prison, which was designated the Pacific Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks for the U.S. Army. It was this prison building that later became famous as \"The Rock.\" [PAR] The U.S. Army used the island for more than 80 years--from 1850 until 1933, when the island was transferred to the U.S. Department of Justice for use by the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The Federal Government had decided to open a maximum-security, minimum-privilege penitentiary to deal with the most incorrigible inmates in Federal prisons, and to show the law-abiding public that the Federal Government was serious about stopping the rampant crime of the 1920s and 1930s. [PAR] Life at the prison [PAR] Correctional officers patrol \"broadway\" [PAR] While several well-known criminals, such as Al Capone, George \"Machine-Gun\" Kelly, Alvin Karpis (the first \"Public Enemy #1\"), and Arthur \"Doc\" Barker did time on Alcatraz, most of the prisoners incarcerated there were not well-known gangsters, but prisoners who refused to conform to the rules and regulations at other Federal institutions, who were considered violent and dangerous, or who were considered escape risks. [PAR] The average population was only about 260-275 (the prison never once reached its capacity of 336 - at any given time, Alcatraz held less than 1 percent of the total Federal prison population). Many prisoners actually considered the living conditions (for instance, always one man to a cell) at Alcatraz to be better than other Federal prisons, and several inmates actually requested a transfer to Alcatraz. But while USP Alcatraz was not the \"America's Devil's Island\" that books and movies often portrayed, it was designed to be a prison system's prison. [PAR] If a man did not behave at another institution, he could be sent to Alcatraz, where the highly structured, monotonous daily routine was designed to teach an inmate to follow rules and regulations. At Alcatraz,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA ... NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA Meteorological / Weather Satellites [PAR] [PAR] April 1, 1960 -- TIROS I is Launched [PAR] The launch of TIROS I (Television and InfraRed Observation Satellite) on April 1, 1960 marked the first day it became possible to observe the Earth's weather conditions on a regular basis, over most of the world from the vantage point of outer space [PAR] . [PAR] The satellite designed to obtain cloud pictures was rocketed into space aboard a Thor-Able launch vehicle, in the early hours of April 1, 1960, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The satellite was basically a cylinder with 18 flattened sides to mount solar power cells. The satellite was approximately 42 inches (1.07m) in diameter, 22 inches (0.56m) high (including the projecting television camera lense), and had a launch weight of approximately 283 pounds (128.4kg) including fuel for small solid rockets to control the satellite's spin over time. For comparison, the latest generation NOAA-15 satellite is 74 inches (1.88m) in diameter, and 165 inches (4.2m) high in its \"folded\" launch configuration, and weighs 4,920 pounds (2231.7kg) at liftoff. [PAR] The main sensors that provided the cloud pictures were television cameras. The TIROS cameras were slow-scan devices that take snapshots of the scene below; one \"snapshot\" was taken every ten seconds. These were rugged, lightweight devices weighing only about 4.5 pounds (2 kg) including the camera lense. TIROS I was equipped with two cameras. One had a wide angle lense providing views that were approximately 750 miles (1207 km) on a side (with the satellite looking straight down), and a narrow angle camera with a view that was about 80 miles (129 km) on a side. [PAR] When the satellite was within range of a ground station, the cameras could be commanded to take a picture every 10, or every 30 seconds. But each camera was also connected to a clock controlled tape recorder to record images when the satellite was beyond the range of a ground station. Each recorder contained 400 feet (122 m) of tape, and could record up to 32 pictures for playback the next time the satellite was in range. [PAR] There were two Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) stations used for TIROS I. These were located at the Army Signal Corps laboratory in Belmar, New Jersey and the U.S. Air Force facility a Kaena Point, Hawaii. A third station, used for engineering and back-up was located the the RCA plant where the TIROS was built, in Hightstown, New Jersey [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] When the satellite data was read out at either of the CDA stations, it was recorded on 35-mm film for making prints and large projections. From these, a hand-drawn cloud analysis (nephanalysis) was made then transmitted by facsimile to the U.S. Weather Bureau National Meteorological Center (NMC) near Washington, D.C. It was not until 1962 (TIROS IV, TIROS V) that some of the actual gridded satellite pictures were sent via facsimile to NMC and some other large Weather Bureau offices [PAR] TIROS I ceased operating in mid-June 1960 due to an electrical failure. During the 77 days it operated, the satellite sent back 19,389 usable pictures that were used in weather operations. TIROS II was launched on November 23, 1960.[DOC] [TLE] April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched | WIRED April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched | WIRED [PAR] April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] On Twitter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Landis - Biography - IMDb John Landis - Biography - IMDb [PAR] John Landis [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 51 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (12) | Trivia (18) | Personal Quotes (17) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] John Landis began his career in the mail room of 20th Century-Fox. A high-school dropout, 18-year-old Landis made his way to Yugoslavia to work as a production assistant on Kelly's Heroes (1970). Remaining in Europe, Landis found work as an actor, extra and stuntman in many of the Spanish/Italian \"spaghetti\" westerns. Returning to the US, he made his feature debut as a writer-director at age 21 with Schlock (1973), an affectionate tribute to monster movies. Clad in a Rick Baker -designed gorilla suit, Landis starred as \"Schlockthropus\", the missing link. After working as a writer, actor and production assistant, Landis made his second film, The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977), in collaboration with the Zucker brothers and Jim Abrahams . Landis rose to international recognition as director of the wildly successful Animal House (1978). With blockbusters such as The Blues Brothers (1980), Trading Places (1983), Spies Like Us (1985), \u00a1Three Amigos! (1986) and Coming to America (1988), Landis has directed some of the most popular film comedies of all time. Other feature credits include Into the Night (1985), Innocent Blood (1992) and the comedy/horror genre classic An American Werewolf in London (1981), which he also wrote. In 1986 Landis and four others, were acquitted of responsibility for the tragic accident that occurred in Landis' segment of Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) in which actor Vic Morrow and two child actors were killed. The film also included segments directed by Joe Dante , George Miller and Steven Spielberg . In 1983 Landis wrote and directed the groundbreaking music video of Michael Jackson 's Michael Jackson: Thriller (1983), created originally to play as a theatrical short. \"Thriller\" forever changed MTV and the concept of music videos, garnering multiple accolades including the MTV Video Music Awards for Best Overall Video, Viewer's Choice, and the Video Vanguard Award - The Greatest Video in the History of the World. In 1991 \"Thriller\" was inducted into the MVPA's Hall of Fame. In 1991, Landis collaborated again with Jackson (I) on Michael Jackson: Black or White (1991), which premiered simultaneously in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million. Although it was not the first motion picture or music video to do so, \"Black or White\" popularized the use of \"digital morphing\", where one object appears to seamlessly metamorphoses into another; the project raised the standard for state-of-the-art special effects in music videos. Landis has also been active in television as the executive producer (and often director) of the Ace- and Emmy Award-winning HBO series Dream On (1990). Other TV shows produced by his company, St. Clare Entertainment (St. Clare is the patron saint of television), include Weird Science (1994), Sliders (1995), Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show (1997), Campus Cops (1995) and The Lost World (1998). In 2004 the Independent Film Channel broadcast his feature-length documentary about a used-car salesman, Slasher (2004). Deer Woman, an original one-hour episode written by Landis and his son Max Landis , inaugurated the Masters of Horror (2005) series in the fall of 2005 on Showtime. \"Masters of Horror\" also features one-hour episodes by John Carpenter , Roger Corman , Tobe Hooper , Don Coscarelli , Mick Garris , Dario Argento and Larry Cohen . [PAR] A sought-after commercial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] flynn-errol-leslie-6364 - Australian Dictionary of Biography Biography - Errol Leslie Flynn - Australian Dictionary of Biography [PAR] Australian Dictionary of Biography [PAR] Tip: searches only the name field [PAR] Tip: Use double quotes to search for a phrase [PAR] This is a shared entry with Theodore Thomson Flynn [PAR] Errol Leslie Flynn (1909-1959), by unknown photographer, 1940s [PAR] National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an13384126 [PAR] Theodore Thomson Flynn (1883-1968), zoologist, and Errol Leslie Flynn (1909-1959), film actor, were father and son. Theodore was born on 11 October 1883 at Coraki, New South Wales, son of John Thompson Flynn, cordial manufacturer, and his wife Jessie, n\u00e9e Thomson. He received his education at Fort Street High School, Sydney, the Sydney Training College for Teachers and the University of Sydney (B.Sc., 1907) where he gained the university medal and the Johns Coutts scholarship in biology. His first teaching post was as science master at Newcastle and Maitland High schools in 1907; later he was appointed to the Newcastle and West Maitland Technical colleges, lecturing in chemistry and physics. His main interest remained in the natural sciences and in 1909 he became lecturer in biology at the University of Tasmania. On 23 January of that year at St John's Church of England, Balmain North, Sydney, he married Lily Mary (Marelle) Young, a descendant of one of the Bounty mutineers. [PAR] Flynn's lectureship was initially temporary, but he soon showed his worth, and in 1911 withdrew from an appointment as Macleay research fellow of the Linnean Society of New South Wales to accept the first chair of biology in Hobart as the Ralston professor. The terms of his appointment included liberal provision for research and he pursued a vigorous study of the marsupials of Tasmania and also did original work on megapodes. The Australian Antarctic Expedition of 1912 attracted his interest and he took charge of some research during the Aurora's summer cruise. He also devoted considerable time to fishery research and in 1915 was appointed royal commissioner to enquire into Tasmanian fisheries. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Tasmania (1909) and in 1913-19 a trustee of the Tasmanian Museum and Botanical Gardens. He gained his D.Sc. at the University of Sydney in 1921 for work on marsupial embryology. [PAR] In September 1930 Flynn left Hobart for London to continue his research on marsupial embryology, and also to seek funds on behalf of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science for scientific and economic exploration of the south-west coast of Tasmania. Next January he was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation grant to carry out research with his former mentor, Professor J. P. Hill , on the development of monotreme ovum. In June he took up the chair of zoology at Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; he also became director of the marine station at Portaferry. [PAR] Flynn, who held attention during his lectures by a theatrical manner as well as by his subject matter, liked to take part in community affairs\u2014debating, theatre and adult education. He was appointed M.B.E. in 1945. A fellow of the Linnean and Zoological societies, London, he was also a fellow of the International Institute of Embryology, Utrecht, and a member of the Royal Irish Academy. After his retirement in 1948, as emeritus professor, he resided in Surrey, England. He died in a nursing home at Liss, Hampshire, on 23 October 1968, survived by a daughter. His estate was valued for probate at \u00a3519. [PAR] Errol was born on 20 June 1909 in Hobart. During a rebellious childhood he attended several Hobart schools, in none of which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Car Shipping from USA | Overseas Auto Transport Get Your Free Quote! [PAR] International Car Shipping [PAR] Whether you are moving overseas and bringing your vehicle or just bought a new car at auction and want to send it back home, our team of international car shipping specialists will get your vehicle to its final destination safely and at a great rate. [PAR] We make it easy regardless of your vehicle's location and final destination by offering multiple services including shared containers, sole use 20ft and 40ft containers and air freight. [PAR] **Make sure to understand the differences when it comes to selecting an overseas car shipping method. For example, consider roll on roll off vs container car shipping . [PAR] Why Ship Your Car With Schumacher Cargo? [PAR] As a fully licensed and bonded international NVOCC freight forwarder with over 38 years of experience sending cars worldwide, we have distinguished ourselves as the premier independent international car shipper in the USA. [PAR] If it has wheels, we can move it. We've been shipping cars internationally for over three decades. It's our passion and why we offer highly competitive international car shipping rates, continue to grow our network, and find ways to ship more efficiently and cost effectively for clients. [PAR] So whether you are looking for online quotations, researching or just have some common questions, you can find everything you need in later sections. [PAR] Secure Vehicle Transport and Major Destinations [PAR] Whether it is a car, truck, motorcycle, ATV or moped, one of the most important stages of international vehicle shipping is securing the vehicle for transit. [PAR] Our warehouse crews are professionally trained and have years of experience. Additionally, our team only uses specialized equipment when shipping vehicles. [PAR] Once it arrives at one of our warehouses, a full and complete dock receipt is issued. We also take pictures of your automobile, which you can view online and use our 24/7 online tracking. [PAR] Where do you need to transport your automobile? High volume destinations include: [PAR] Europe [PAR] Saudi Arabia [PAR] Kuwait [PAR] For a full list of destinations, call us or use our quote form to select a final destination. [PAR] **For information on bringing a car back with you or importing, visit our resource on importing a car to USA . [PAR] Our Auto Shipping Service Offers [PAR] Inland transport to warehouse closest to departure port [PAR] Storage while awaiting consolidation [PAR] Inspection report and full dock receipt [PAR] U.S customs clearance and paperwork [PAR] 24/7 online tracking [PAR] How much does it cost to ship a car overseas? [PAR] Your international car shipping cost will vary based on three main factors:1) Location of vehicle 2) Size/Dimensions 3) Final destination requirements. [PAR] So as you can imagine, each shipment varies. It depends on where, when, how, how much, and a lot of other variables. [PAR] As an example, it might cost $950 to ship a car to Europe in a shared container from the east coast, but shipping a car overseas in its own 20 foot container can cost twice that amount. [PAR] But you won't get an accurate rate without submitting the details listed above and it is is highly likely that it will change if you come across a price that looks to good to be true. [PAR] To find out more about the various service levels available and your car shipping price, call us and speak with one of our auto transport specialists or complete our quick quote form to get your custom rate. [PAR] Shipping a Car"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 - YouTube Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 - YouTube [PAR] Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 29, 2015 [PAR] WBC International Middleweight champion, Chris Eubank, takes on the Brazilian Super Middleweight champion, Reginaldo Dos Santos, in a warm up bout before his world title fight with Nigel Benn. More info below... [PAR] Chris Eubank at this point in his career was 23-0. He was the current WBC International Middleweight champion and although he had fought a few experienced fighters he had not fought anybody of note. He had earned himself however a WBO World Title shot against Nigel Benn for November 1990. [PAR] Reginaldo was 11-3 and was the reigning Brazilian Super Middleweight Champion. Since the beginning of his career, Reginaldo had boxed as various weights, anywhere from 159lbs all the way up to 175lbs. He had challenged for the Brazilian Middleweight title in 1987 and even the Brazilian Light Heavyweight title in 1988 but failed to win either, losing both on points. [PAR] The fight as you can see was over almost as quick as it began. With one counter overhand right, Reginaldo went down and couldn't get up. A very unexpected knock out from a boxer not known for his KO power. [PAR] Chris Eubank went on to beat Nigel Benn and win the WBO World Middleweight title, marking the beginning of a great era for British middleweights and super middleweights. In 1991 Eubank would win the vacant WBO World Super Middleweight title. He would remain undefeated until 1995. In 1998, Eubank twice challenged Carl Thompson for the WBO World Cruiserweight title but came up short on both occasions. He retired following these losses with a 45-5-2 record. [PAR] Reginaldo Dos Santos would lose his next 8 fights, 7 by way of KO. He lost his Brazilian Super Middleweight title in 1991 and unsuccessfully challenged for the Brazilian Cruiser Weight title in 1993. He took a 2 year hiatus from boxing and returned in 1995 to win four fights in a row, albeit against opponents with very little skill or experience. He retired in 1996 with a 15-12 record. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo Super Middleweight World Title Official Onsite Programme Signed With Rare Full Signature And Inscribed By Calzaghe || Boxing Memorabilia || Champs UK [PAR] \"THE GREATEST\" [PAR] MUHAMMAD ALI [PAR] Joe Calzaghe vs Chris Eubank WBO Super Middleweight World Title Official Onsite Programme SIGNED With RARE FULL SIGNATURE And INSCRIBED By Calzaghe [PAR] Joe Calzaghe vs Chris Eubank WBO super middleweight World title official on-site 39 page programme SIGNED with RARE FULL SIGNATURE and INSCRIBED \"Best Wishes\" by Joe Calzaghe also featuring Naseem Hamed vs Jose Badillo WBO featherweight World title billed, \"The Full Monty\", 11th October 1997, Sheffield Arena, Sheffield, Yorkshire. [PAR] Condition mint [PAR] * Eubank knocked down in the 1st and 10th rounds [PAR] Hamed W TKO 7 [PAR] Please view shipping amounts or please contact us for any other enquiries. [PAR] Shipping Amount: \u00a3 [PAR] Joe Calzaghe vs Chris Eubank - Highlights [PAR] Joseph William Calzaghe CBE (born 23 March 1972) from Wales who retired undefeated. He was rated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glenn Medeiros - She Aint Worth It lyrics | LyricsMode.com Glenn Medeiros - She Aint Worth It lyrics | LyricsMode.com [PAR] She Aint Worth It lyrics [PAR] $album_name [PAR] To explain lyrics, select line or word and click \"Explain\". [PAR] Create lyrics explanation [PAR] Select some words and click \"Explain\" button. Then type your knowledge, add image or YouTube video till \"Good-o-meter\" shows \"Cool\" or \"Awesome!\". Publish your explanation with \"Explain\" button. Get karma points! [PAR] OK, got it! [PAR] New! Read & write lyrics explanations [PAR] Highlight lyrics and explain them to earn Karma points. [PAR] Glenn Medeiros \u2013 She Aint Worth It lyrics [PAR] With Bobby Brown [PAR] Better make tracks fast on the double [PAR] The girl's jazzy but she's nothin' but trouble [PAR] Oh [PAR] You take her where she wants to go [PAR] And every day you let her know [PAR] She's the one who's always on your mind [PAR] But she just cops an attitude [PAR] Leads you on then leaves you blue [PAR] Can't you see she's really just a waste of time [PAR] One day she'll treat you nice [PAR] Then she turn as cold as ice [PAR] But you think your love will win her [PAR] In the end, think again [PAR] (Chorus:) [PAR] The girl ain't worth it [PAR] All this grief that she's been puttin' you through, ooh [PAR] She ain't worth it [PAR] The girl ain't worth it [PAR] Believe me (I know) I know better than [PAR] (Better than) better than, better than you [PAR] She gets you hot then leaves you cold [PAR] Keeps you waiting on the phone [PAR] 'Cause she knows you'll always give her one more try [PAR] You're not the only boy in town [PAR] And she loves playin' to the crowd [PAR] But tell me do you really like standin' in line [PAR] You give her everything you have [PAR] And all she does is make you sad [PAR] What she really wants to do [PAR] Is tell her friends she did it again [PAR] [Chorus:] [PAR] I'd like to say she used to be my girl [PAR] But that would be a lie (that would be a lie) [PAR] 'Cause there's no one in this whole wide world [PAR] That could keep her satified [PAR] I know 'cause I tried [PAR] Jump in [PAR] One thing I hate is when a girl plays fake [PAR] And tries to make me late for another date [PAR] 'Cause I've tried to make you mine for the last time [PAR] So take this here as a this and a goodbye [PAR] She ain't worth it even though she's on the high tip [PAR] She better get a grip, and get a grip quick [PAR] Fast in a hurry 'cause I won't buckle [PAR] The girl's jazzy but she's nothin' bur trouble [PAR] Give her everything you have [PAR] And all she does is make you sad [PAR] What she really wants to do [PAR] Is tell her friends she did it again [PAR] (Repeat chorus to fade)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Elvis Presley [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 302 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (10) | Trivia (225) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (24) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] The King of Rock 'n' Roll [PAR] Height [PAR] 5' 11\u00be\" (1.82 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (n\u00e9e Gladys Love Smith) and Vernon Presley (Vernon Elvis Presley). He had a twin brother who was stillborn. In September 1948, Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee where he attended Humes High School. In 1953, he attended the senior prom with the current girl he was courting, Regis Wilson. After graduating from high school in Memphis, Elvis took odd jobs working as a movie theater usher and a truck driver for Crown Electric Company. He began singing locally as \"The Hillbilly Cat\", then signed with a local recording company, and then with RCA in 1955. [PAR] Elvis did much to establish early rock and roll music. He began his career as a performer of rockabilly, an up-tempo fusion of country music and rhythm and blues, with a strong backbeat. His novel versions of existing songs, mixing 'black' and 'white' sounds, made him popular - and controversial - as did his uninhibited stage and television performances. He recorded songs in the rock and roll genre, with tracks like \"Jailhouse Rock\" and \"Hound Dog\" later embodying the style. Presley had a versatile voice and had unusually wide success encompassing other genres, including gospel, blues, ballads and pop music. Teenage girls became hysterical over his blatantly sexual gyrations, particularly the one that got him nicknamed \"Elvis the Pelvis\" (television cameras were not permitted to film below his waist). [PAR] In 1956, following his six television appearances on The Dorsey Brothers' \"Stage Show\", Elvis was cast in his first acting role, in a supporting part in Love Me Tender (1956), the first of 33 movies he starred in. [PAR] In 1958, Elvis was drafted into the military, and relocated to Bad Nauheim, Germany. There he met and fell in love with 14-year old army damsel Priscilla Ann Wagner ( Priscilla Presley ), whom he would eventually marry after an eight-year courtship, and with whom he had his only child, Lisa Marie Presley . Elvis' military service and the \"British Invasion\" of the 1960s reduced his concerts, though not his movie/recording income. [PAR] Through the 1960s, Elvis settled in Hollywood, where he starred in the majority of his thirty-three movies, mainly musicals, acting alongside some of the most well known actors in Hollywood. Critics panned most of his films, but they did very well at the box office, earning upwards of $150 million total. His last fiction film, Change of Habit (1969), deals with several social issues; romance within the clergy, an autistic child, almost unheard of in 1969, rape, and mob violence. It has recently received critical acclaim. [PAR] Elvis made a comeback in the 1970s with live concert appearances starting in early 1970 in Las Vegas with over 57 sold-out shows. He toured throughout the United States, appearing on-stage in over 500 live appearances, many of them sold out shows. His marriage ended in divorce, and the stress of constantly traveling as well as his increasing weight gain and dependence upon stimulants and depressants took their toll. [PAR] Elvis Presley died at age 42 on August 16, 1977 at his mansion in Graceland,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1977 US Open Golf Tournament - Golf Compendium 1977 US Open Golf Tournament [PAR] The 1977 U.S. Open was the 77th time the tournament was played. [PAR] Winner: Hubert Green, 278 [PAR] Where it was played: Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma [PAR] Tournament dates: June 16-19, 1977 [PAR] Leader after first round: Larry Nelson, Tom Purtzer, Grier Jones, Florentino Molina, Hubert Green, Rod Funseth and Terry Diehl, 69 [PAR] Leader after second round: Hubert Green, 136 [PAR] Leader after third round: Hubert Green, 208 [PAR] Notable Notes: Hubert Green held a one-stroke lead entering the final round. But after making birdies on holes 12 and 14, Green was informed that a death threat had been made against him by phone, the caller saying he was going to shoot Green on the course. Was it a serious threat? It was taken seriously, anyway: police walked along with Green, and Green walked apart from his fellow competitors. How did Green react? He birdied the two holes immediately after being informed of the threat and won by a stroke. [PAR] Final Scores"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1973 Amateur World Series (FIBA) - Baseball-Reference.com Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] The 1973 Amateur World Series run by FIBA is listed in the history books as \"Amateur World Series XXI\" or \"Baseball World Cup XXI\" even though the event numbered \"XXII\" actually had begun and finished earlier - the 1973 Amateur World Series run by rival group FEMBA . Once the two organizations reconciled later in the decade, the current numbering system was put into place. The FIBA 1973 Amateur World Series was held in Havana , Cuba from November 25 through December 9 , 1973 . [PAR] Cuba , as usual, won Gold, going 14-0 for manager Servio Borges . With the reduced field, they allowed only 5 runs in the tournament while scoring 119. Agust\u00edn Marquetti took home MVP honors after leading the tourney in RBI (21) and hits (25); he batted .417. F\u00e9lix Isasi (.327) led in runs (20) and tied for the most homers (3), even with teammates Evelio Hern\u00e1ndez (.524 in 21 AB) and Armando Capir\u00f3 (.368). Wilfredo S\u00e1nchez (.364) led in steals (9). Luis Barreiro (3-0, 0.00) led in strikeouts (34) and tied for the win lead. Julio Romero (3-0, 0.00) led in ERA and tied for the most wins. Juan P\u00e9rez P\u00e9rez no-hit Venezuela, the first no-hitter for a Cuban in Amateur World Series history; ironically, he allowed Cuba's lone earned run(s) of the tournament with a 0.95 ERA. [PAR] Puerto Rico won Silver at 10-3 and only lost 3-2 to Cuba one game (their other game against Cuba was a 10-0 defeat). Juan Font\u00e1nez led in average (.432). They were managed by Vic Power . [PAR] Venezuela claimed Bronze with a 10-4 record. Evelio Ovalles led in innings (27) and tied for the most wins (3-0). Osvaldo Castellanos was their skipper."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gatorade - Heritage and History of Gatorade Gatorade - Heritage and History of Gatorade [PAR] FREE SHIPPING ON ALL PURCHASES OVER $50 [PAR] HERITAGE [PAR] Born in the lab [PAR] In early summer of 1965, a University of Florida assistant coach sat down with a team of university physicians and asked them to determine why so many of his players were being affected by heat and heat related illnesses. [PAR] The researchers \u2014 Dr. Robert Cade, Dr. Dana Shires, Dr. H. James Free and Dr. Alejandro de Quesada \u2014 soon discovered two key factors that were causing the Gator players to 'wilt': the fluids and electrolytes the players lost through sweat were not being replaced, and the large amounts of carbohydrates the players' bodies used for energy were not being replenished. [PAR] The researchers then took their findings into the lab, and scientifically formulated a new, precisely balanced carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage that would adequately replace the key components lost by Gator players through sweating and exercise. They called their concoction \u2018Gatorade'. [PAR] Proven on the field [PAR] Soon after the researchers introduced their Gatorade formula to the team, the Gators began winning\u2026 outlasting a number of heavily favored opponents in the withering heat and finishing the season at 7\u20134. [PAR] The team's success progressed even more during the 1966 season, with the Gators finishing at 9\u20132 and winning the Orange Bowl for the first time ever in the history of the school. Word about Gatorade began to spread outside of the state of Florida, and both the University of Richmond and Miami of Ohio, began ordering batches of Gatorade for their football teams. Orders from other college football programs across the country soon followed, as playing without Gatorade on your sidelines began to be likened to playing with just ten men on the field. [PAR] Today, Gatorade can be found on the sidelines of more than 70 Division I colleges as the official sports drink of their men's and women's intercollegiate sports. [PAR] From the Orange Bowl to the Super Bowl [PAR] In the summer of 1969, Coach Ray Graves of the Florida Gators suggested to the Kansas City Chiefs that they use Gatorade to combat the staggering effects of a blistering Missouri sun during training camp. The Chiefs were so impressed with the \u201cGator coach's aid\u201d that they kept it on their sidelines throughout the entire season\u2026 which concluded with a stunning victory over the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV. [PAR] In the years that followed, more and more NFL teams began placing Gatorade on the sidelines of their games and practices, and in 1983, Gatorade became the official sports drink of the NFL\u2014a title it holds to this day. [PAR] Furthering the science of victory [PAR] Two decades after Dr. Cade and his team worked diligently to develop the optimum hydration formula that would become Gatorade, the Gatorade Sports Science Institute was founded in Barrington, Illinois, to conduct scientific research in the areas of exercise science, hydration, and sport nutrition. Three years later, the lab would be expanded to provide advanced testing for athletes and new Gatorade products and flavors and develop education materials for sports health professionals around the world. Gatorade is now also the official sports drink of the NBA, AVP, and PGA, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, and numerous other elite and professional organizations and teams. [PAR] Hydration at 180 mph [PAR] In 2001, after determining that professional race car drivers were not staying adequately hydrated throughout the course of their races, Gatorade and GSSI begin working with auto racing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] won the 2013 World Series - The New York Times Red Sox Rout Cardinals to Win World Series - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Baseball |Red Sox Rout Cardinals to Win World Series [PAR] Search [PAR] Baseball | World Series Game 6: Red Sox 6, Cardinals 1 [PAR] Red Sox Rout Cardinals to Win World Series [PAR] By DAVID WALDSTEIN [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] BOSTON \u2014 For much of the 20th century, the Boston Red Sox were a symbol of frustration and pain for an entire region. As popular as they were in their corner of the nation, either they were good enough to lose in agonizing fashion on baseball\u2019s grandest stage, or they were just plain bad. [PAR] But that all changed in 2004 when the Red Sox ended an 86-year championship drought, and now their fortunes have shifted so dramatically that winning titles has become commonplace. [PAR] The latest victory came Wednesday night, when the Red Sox beat the St. Louis Cardinals , 6-1 , in Game 6 of the World Series and earned the third jewel in their championship crown over the last 10 years, their eighth over all. [PAR] The Red Sox also captured titles by beating the Cardinals in 2004 and the Colorado Rockies in 2007. But for the first time since 1918, Boston was able to celebrate the victory at home, winning in front of an announced crowd of 38,447 at Fenway Park. Many thousands more crammed the city\u2019s streets and bars to proclaim those formerly scarce words that are now often repeated: The Boston Red Sox won the World Series. [PAR] \u201cWinning this World Series is special,\u201d David Ortiz said. \u201cI think it might be the most special out of all the World Series that I have been a part of.\u201d [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Ortiz, whose contributions to all three of the Red Sox\u2019 recent championships cannot be overstated, was named the most valuable player of the series. He hit two home runs, knocked in six runs, scored seven more, batted .688 and had a staggering .760 on-base percentage. [PAR] The Cardinals finally wised up in Game 6, walking him four times, three times intentionally: it was the only way to prevent him from doing damage. But Ortiz gladly accepted his walks, and he scored twice in the clinching game. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019ve been around superstars in this game,\u201d Red Sox catcher David Ross said. \u201cI\u2019ve never been around a superstar who cares more about winning than he does. If he goes 0 for 4 and we win, he\u2019s happy. That says a lot about his character.\u201d [PAR] Although Ortiz carried the offense in the first five games of the series, two players with little success of late came through in Game 6 instead. Shane Victorino drove in four runs, with a bases-clearing double in the third inning and a run-scoring single his next time up. That inning, the fourth, began with a home run by Stephen Drew off Michael Wacha. Drew had batted .080 this postseason entering the game. [PAR] Photo [PAR] Stephen Drew homering in the fourth to give Boston a 4-0 lead. Drew entered the game batting .080 in the postseason. Credit Rhona Wise/European Pressphoto Agency [PAR] Wacha, a 22-year-old rookie, had not been beaten in the playoffs and had not even allowed a hit with runners in scoring position. But he was charged with six runs in only three and two-thirds innings Wednesday as the Red Sox finally found a way to hit against"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 9 Biggest Super Bowl Blowouts of All-Time | Total Pro ... 9. Super Bowl I \u2013 Packers 35, Chiefs 10 [PAR] Margin of Victory: 25 points [PAR] Who knows what would have happened if the Chiefs had blew out the Packers in the very first Super Bowl? Maybe the AFL would have ended up absorbing the NFL instead of the other way around, and we\u2019d all be watching Fox AFL Sunday every week. [PAR] Of course, we\u2019ll never know the answer to that question because it was most definitely the NFL\u2019s Packers who did the pummeling on January 15, 1967. Though the Chiefs kept things close at first and only trailed 14-10 at the half, Packers safety Willie Wood kicked off a 21-0 run with a 50-yard pick six (pictured) early in the third quarter, and the NFL went on to thrash the AFL by 25 points. [PAR] [PAR] Margin of Victory: 27 points [PAR] Super Bowl XXXV is better remembered for it\u2019s halftime show\u2014the one that featured Aerosmith, \u2018N Sync, Britney Spears, Nelly, and Mary J. Blige\u2014than the actual game. And the reason for that was that the actual game was boring. The Ravens were not an exciting team to watch, but they were fantastic on defense and they suffocated the Giants. Hell, Ray Lewis was the MVP of the game and he only had three solo tackles, two assisted tackles, and four blocked passes. At least the MVP of Super Bowl XLVIII, Malcolm Smith, had 10 tackles and a pick six. [PAR] [PAR] 8. Super Bowl XXXV \u2013 Ravens 34, Giants 7 [PAR] Margin of Victory: 27 points [PAR] Super Bowl XXXV is better remembered for it\u2019s halftime show\u2014the one that featured Aerosmith, \u2018N Sync, Britney Spears, Nelly, and Mary J. Blige\u2014than the actual game. And the reason for that was that the actual game was boring. The Ravens were not an exciting team to watch, but they were fantastic on defense and they suffocated the Giants. Hell, Ray Lewis was the MVP of the game and he only had three solo tackles, two assisted tackles, and four blocked passes. At least the MVP of Super Bowl XLVIII, Malcolm Smith, had 10 tackles and a pick six. [PAR] [PAR] Margin of Victory: 27 points [PAR] Anyone who remembers this game probably picked the Seahawks to beat the Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII. The Oakland Raiders scored 450 points during the 2002 NFL season, which was the second-most in the league. The Tampa Bay Buccaneers, meanwhile, allowed just 196 points, which was a whole 45 points better than anyone else. The Raiders were 4-point favorites heading into the game, but the Bucs intercepted league MVP Rich Gannon five times and returned three for touchdowns. [PAR] Apparently defense really does win championships. [PAR] [PAR] 7. Super Bowl XXXVII \u2013 Buccaneers 48, Raiders 21 [PAR] Margin of Victory: 27 points [PAR] Anyone who remembers this game probably picked the Seahawks to beat the Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII. The Oakland Raiders scored 450 points during the 2002 NFL season, which was the second-most in the league. The Tampa Bay Buccaneers, meanwhile, allowed just 196 points, which was a whole 45 points better than anyone else. The Raiders were 4-point favorites heading into the game, but the Bucs intercepted league MVP Rich Gannon five times and returned three for touchdowns. [PAR] Apparently defense really does win championships. [PAR] [PAR] Margin of Victory: 29 points [PAR] Here we have the Raiders on the winning side of a blowout. In 1983, with former coach John Madden up in the TV book"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 - YouTube Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 - YouTube [PAR] Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 15, 2006 [PAR] The quality is poor sorry, gotta find a better one [PAR] Athens, 1999, June 16th [PAR] Maurice Greene lowers the world record by 0.05 seconds!! running in 9.79 (+0.1 wind) and beating Donovan Bailey's former record of 9.84 set in Atlanta games. [PAR] This record would stay for 3 years until Montgomery's 9.78, but Montgomery's record has been retroactively disqualified. So we have to wait 2005 and Asafa Powell to run in 9.77 in Athens. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series [PAR] 1903 Leaders & Numbers 1902 1904 1900s [PAR] 1903 The First World Series [PAR] Both the American and National Leagues finally agree to co-exist in peace, leading to an inaugural \"world's championship\" between the two pennant winners. [PAR] On January 9, 1903, the hatchet was finally buried. It was on this day in Cincinnati that the powers that be for both the National and American Leagues began the process of co-existing harmoniously, ending two years of bitter fighting. Gone would be the player raids, the cutthroat crosstown rivalries and the clandestine undermining of each other. [PAR] Although nothing was said about the leagues playing one another\u2014be it as regular season interleague play or postseason competition\u2014the door was certainly propped open more widely than ever for the possibility. [PAR] Ironically, it was the National League\u2014the established entity of big league baseball\u2014that more or less waved the white flag to the relatively infant American League, singularly run by Ban Johnson. Talent and attendance had both swayed in favor of the AL, and there was still ongoing pilferage of NL rosters. Jack Chesbro, Jesse Tannehill, Willie Keeler and Sam Crawford had already defected to the junior circuit since the end of the 1902 season, and AL owners were closing in on signing Christy Mathewson, Tommy Leach, Vic Willis and Sam Mertes, among others. To stop the bleeding, the NL decided to put the emergency brakes on the feud and meet with Johnson. [PAR] Though the Cincinnati talks supposedly provided a level playing field between the leagues, there was no mistaking that Johnson and his AL owners were firmly in charge. [PAR] The NL magnates gave it the good ol\u2019 college try anyway. [PAR] Johnson was initially asked by NL executives, led by president Harry Pulliam, to merge the two leagues\u2014eliminating the four AL franchises doing business in NL cities, while allowing the other four to continue as part of a 12-team National League. An incredulous Johnson quickly rejected the idea and walked out, only to return four days later with his own list of demands\u2014many of which he\u2019d get. Johnson demanded that all existing player contracts be honored, allowing AL teams to hold onto the players snapped up from the NL; in return he would stop the player raids. Johnson also pledged not to follow through on his threat to move the Detroit Tigers to Pittsburgh\u2014but only on the condition that he could move his tampered Baltimore franchise to New York. The NL reluctantly, though not unaminouslyJohn Brush, who helped scuttle the Baltimore Orioles and now owned the New York Giants\u2014where most of the released Orioles wound up\u2014vehemently decried the AL\u2019s move to New York. , agreed to these key issues. [PAR] Out of the Cincinnati talks came the National Agreement, the bylines of which both leagues would be run; and the National Commission, an executive group of three representatives from both leagues that would rule over the game. The three elected to the Commission were Johnson and two NL executives: Pulliam and Cincinnati Reds owner Garry Herrmann. On the surface, the AL appeared outnumbered 2-to-1 within the Commission, but it was a deceptive facade; Herrmann, a long-time pal of Johnson, brought a more impartial voice to balance out the trio. [PAR] The negotiating power and dominating presence of Ban Johnson proved one thing as the new season proceeded in April: It was he who now ran the whole show. [PAR] The shortest end of the peace stick would not be reserved for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jermaine O'Neal - Basketball Wiki - Wikia Jermaine O'Neal | Basketball Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Jermaine Lee O'Neal (born October 13, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the NBA . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Early life and high school career [PAR] Jermaine O'Neal was born on October 13, 1978, in Columbia, South Carolina. Raised single-handedly by his mother, Angela Ocean, O'Neal also had an elder brother, Clifford. [1] Ocean worked hard to support her sons, and left her children largely to their own devices. O'Neal found his love for athletics at a young age. Tall and quick, he enjoyed both football and basketball, but basketball was his favorite sport. Two of his basketball heroes were Hakeem Olajuwon and Bill Russell ; O'Neal often marveled at the former's approach to the game, while he loved watching the latter's video highlights of his duels with Wilt Chamberlain . [2] [PAR] O'Neal also played a lot of basketball. Each summer, he would play for an AAU team, and impressed onlookers with his athleticism and his ability to handle the ball with both hands. By the time he turned 14, the 6'4\" O'Neal\u2014now a confident guard who could drain three-pointers \u2014entered Eau Claire High School of the Arts as a freshman in 1992. On his first meeting with basketball coach George Glymph, he made the bold promise to become the best player in the school's history. [1] While O'Neal's first season was hardly noteworthy (he even played as quarterback for the Eau Claire team) [3] things changed when he grew five inches over the next year and a half, and he was inspired to develop into a defensive powerhouse like his idol Russell. Glymph built his team's defense around O'Neal, and Eau Claire featured one of the most imposing frontcourts around. With O'Neal averaging 18 points , 12 rebounds and 9 blocks a game, Eau Claire captured its third straight 3A state title in 1995. [2] [PAR] The following July, the 16-year-old was to raise his profile yet again. At an ABCD summer basketball camp, he outplayed Tim Thomas , a rising star at that time. Before long, recruiting letters from various top colleges came pouring in. O'Neal, however, also faced great pressure off the court. That same year, the District Attorney contemplated prosecuting him for rape after he and his 15-year-old girlfriend were found partially nude in bed together by her father. [1] The DA eventually did not prosecute O'Neal, but as the latter struggled to cope with the pressure on and off the court, Glymph stepped in, introducing discipline to his life and keeping his feet to the ground. At the same time, O'Neal's mother had met a new man, Abraham Kennedy, who also guided O'Neal along. [2] [PAR] In his senior season at Eau Claire, O'Neal's averages of 22.4 points, 12.4 rebounds and 5.2 blocks per game ensured that he was voted First Team All-State, South Carolina\u2019s Player of the Year and \"Mr. Basketball\". Named to USA Today\u2019s All-USA Basketball Team, he earned a spot in the McDonald's All-America Game as well. Despite being one of the nation\u2019s top prospects, O'Neal's future in college basketball was uncertain. He scored poorly on the SATs , and Glymph advised against him making the leap to the NBA . But it was only a year before that another South Carolinian\u2014future NBA All-Star Kevin Garnett \u2014had made a seamless transition from high school to the NBA, and O'Neal thought he could emulate Garnett. [2] [PAR] NBA career [PAR] Portland Trail Blazers [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indy 500 - Indianapolis Motor Speedway Indianapolis Motor Speedway [PAR] In what year did the first Indianapolis 500 take place? [PAR] 1911. Ray Harroun won in the Marmon \"Wasp.\" [PAR] Why was the distance of 500 miles selected? [PAR] Having decided to dispense with multi-race programs and concentrate on one major race for 1911, Speedway leader Carl Fisher and his partners envisioned an event that would appeal to the public by lasting approximately seven hours between mid-morning and late afternoon. A distance of 500 miles was settled upon, and Ray Harroun won the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911 in six hours, 42 minutes and eight seconds. [PAR] What is the distance of one lap around the oval? [PAR] 2.5 miles. The track has four distinct turns and straightaways, a layout unchanged since the facility opened in 1909. The front and back straightaways are 5/8th of a mile each, with the \"short chute\" straightaways between Turns 1 and 2 and Turns 3 and 4 at 1/8th of a mile each. Each of the four turns is 1/4th of a mile long. [PAR] What is the degree of banking in the turns? [PAR] Each of the four turns on the oval is banked at exactly 9 degrees, 12 minutes, the same dimensions as when the track opened in 1909. [PAR] Which driver has won the Indianapolis 500 the most times? [PAR] Three drivers have won the Indianapolis 500 four times each: [PAR] A.J. Foyt (1961, 1964, 1967, 1977) [PAR] Al Unser (1970, 1971, 1978, 1987) [PAR] Rick Mears (1979, 1984, 1988, 1991) [PAR] Who is the youngest winner of the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] Troy Ruttman was 22 years, 80 days old when he won the 36th Indianapolis 500 on May 30, 1952. Q. Who is the oldest winner of the Indianapolis 500? A. Al Unser was 47 years, 360 days old when he won the 71st Indianapolis 500 on May 24, 1987. [PAR] What is the name of the trophy presented to the winner of the race each year? [PAR] The Borg-Warner Trophy, which was commissioned in 1935 by the Borg-Warner Automotive Company. In 1936, Indianapolis 500 winner Louis Meyer was the first driver to receive the trophy. [PAR] Why does the winner of the Indianapolis 500 drink milk in Victory Lane? [PAR] Three-time Indianapolis 500 winner Louis Meyer regularly drank buttermilk to refresh himself on a hot day and happened to drink some in Victory Lane as a matter of habit after winning the 1936 race. An executive with what was then the Milk Foundation was so elated when he saw the moment captured in a photograph in the sports section of his newspaper the following morning that he vowed to make sure it would be repeated in coming years. There was a period between 1947-55 when milk was apparently no longer offered, but the practice was revived in 1956 and has been a tradition ever since. [PAR] Have women competed in the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] Nine women have raced in the Indianapolis 500: [PAR] Janet Guthrie (1977-79) [PAR] Lyn St. James (1992-97, 2000) [PAR] Sarah Fisher (2000-04, 2007-10) [PAR] Helio Castroneves (2001) [PAR] Have there always been 33 cars in the starting field of the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] No. After 40 cars started in the inaugural race in 1911, the Contest Board of the American Automobile Association (AAA), the sanctioning body at the time, mandated a formula for limiting the size of a starting field according to the size of the track. It was determined that the safe distance between each car spread equally around a course would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's [PAR] Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 [PAR] Super Bowl XIV [PAR] Chuck Noll's Pittsburgh Steelers would repeat to win Super Bowl 14 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on January 20th, 1980 against Ray Malavasi's LA Rams. Terry Bradshaw took home MVP for the second straight year as the Steelers won their 4th Super Bowl before any other team had won three. John Stallworth and Lynn Swan each caught touchdowns, while Franco Harris ran for two. Dave Elmendorf, Rod Perry, and Eddie Brown intercepted three Bradshaw passes, but it wasn't enough. Lawrence McCutcheon connected with Ron Smith on a halfback pass but quarterback Vince Ferragamo couldn't make the big throw for the Rams. Unsung hero, Larry Anderson, had 162 return yards setting up the Steeler win, 31-19. [PAR] Super Bowl XV [PAR] Tom Flores' Oakland Raiders beat Dick Vermeil's Philadelphia Eagles, 27-10, in Super Bowl 15 on January 25th, 1981 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Ron Jaworski had 291 yards, but was intercepted by linebacker Rod Martin three times. Jim Plunkett threw three touchdowns in Super Bowl Fifteen; an 80 yard bomb to Kenny King, and two shorter scores to Cliff Branch. An Eagle defense led by John Bunting and Herman Edwards couldn't slow Plunkett and Mark Van Eeghen (75 yards). Ted Hendricks, Matt Millen, Dave Browning, and Martin led the stout Raider defense. [PAR] Super Bowl XVI [PAR] On January 24, 1982 Super Bowl 16 was played in Pontiac, Michigan at the Pontiac Sliverdome. Bill Walsh's San Francisco 49ers faced Forrest Gregg's Cincinnati Bengals. MVP, Joe Montana, inched his Forty-Niners into Super Bowl Sixteen by completing a last second touchdown to Dwight Clark in the NFC Title Game, known as \"The Catch\". Montana took home MVP honors, throwing one touchdown to Earl Cooper, while running for another. Ray Wersching had a Super Bowl record 4 field goals. Ken Anderson brought the Bengals roaring back with a touchdown run and pass to Dan Ross. But early turnovers by Chris Collinsworth and Anderson were too much to overcome as Eric Wright, Lynn Thomas, Ronnie Lott, and Dwight Hicks led San Francisco's defense to victory. [PAR] Super Bowl XVII [PAR] On January 30th, 1983, Joe Gibbs' Washington Redskins beat Don Shula's Miami Dolphins 27-17 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Super Bowl 17 MVP, John Riggins, rushed for a record 166 yards, and Joe Theismann threw two touchdowns, to Alvin Garrett and Charlie Brown, leading the Redskin comeback in the second half. Miami's 17 Super Bowl Seventeen points came in the first half; a 76 yard touchdown pass from David Woodley to Jimmy Cefalo, a short field goal by Uwe Von Schamann, and a 98 yard kickoff return by Fulton Walker. Vernon Dean and Mark Murphy led the Washington defense that held Woodley and Don Strock to 4-17 passing. [PAR] Super Bowl XVIII [PAR] Joe Gibbs' Washington Redskins were back as Defending Champs for Super Bowl 18 in Tampa, Florida on January 30th, 1983. Super Bowl Eighteen was different for Joe, as Tom Flores' Los Angeles Raiders blew-out Joe Theismann (2-ints), John Riggins (64-yds) and the rest of the Redskins, 38-9, in the Super Bowl's most lopsided contest yet. Marcus Allen literally ran away with Super Bowl MVP, compiling over 200 total yards and two touchdowns, with a record 192 rushing. Derrick Jensen blocked a punt for a touchdown and linebacker Jack Squireck returned an interception for a score to end the half."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball ... What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball?*Cricket Who was the f - Pastebin.com [PAR] What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball?*Cricket [PAR] Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?*Karch Kiraly [PAR] What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980's?*The Los Angeles Dodgers [PAR] What NFL team is known as the \"ain'ts\" when on a losing streak?*The New Orleans Saints [PAR] What's an NBA player deemed to be if he's received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?*The most valuable player [PAR] What Washington Capitals goalie earned the nicknames \"Ace\" and \"Net Detective\"?*Jim Carey [PAR] What NBA team plays home games in the Alamo dome?*The San Antonio Spurs [PAR] Who graciously switched to number 77 so Phil Esposito's number 7 could be retired in Boston Garden?*Raymond Bourque [PAR] What company's logo is called the \"swoosh\"?*Nike's [PAR] What Rd Sox catcher's erect posture earned him the clubhouse nickname \"Frankenstein\"?*Carlton Fisk's [PAR] What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?*Harness racing [PAR] What team hired the NFL's first professional cheerleading squad, in 1972?*The Dallas Cowboys [PAR] What Native American language was Super Bowl XXX the first to be broadcast in?*Navajo [PAR] What nickname do boxing fans call 300-pound Eric Esch, King of the Four-Rounders?*Butterbean [PAR] What 1995 World Series team were both picketed by the American Indian Movement?*The Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians [PAR] What diet drink was hyped by Coca-Cola for having only only calorie, in 1963?*Tab [PAR] What comic actor scored huge sales with his Bad Golf Made Easy instructional videos?*Leslie Nielsen [PAR] What country fielded 1996 Olympic women's teams that won gold in basketball, soccer and softball?*The U.S [PAR] What Grand Slam golf tournament has the most clubhousers sipping mint juleps?*The Masters [PAR] Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?*Steffi Graf [PAR] What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?*The 1960's [PAR] Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his \"big but\" according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?*Walter Payton [PAR] What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O'Brien Award?*Quarterback [PAR] What disorder did Muhammad Ali develop after years of catching blows?*Parkinson's syndrome [PAR] What are the only three European countries to have won soccer's World Cup?*England, Italy, West Germany [PAR] What is the common term for the tennis ailment \"lateral humeral epicondylitis\"?*Tennis Elbow [PAR] What racing competition became a best-of-nine series in 1995?*The America's Cup [PAR] Who was the first athlete to rap at a Pro Bowl musical gala in 1995?*Deion Sanders [PAR] What woman won five U.S. figure skating titles from 6 to 173, but never an Olympic gold medal?*Janet Lynn [PAR] Who was the first female jockey to win five races in one day at a New York track?*Julie Krone [PAR] What teams played in the first all-California Super Bowl?*The San Francisco 49ers and the San Diego Chargers [PAR] What two players are tied for second behind Ty Cobb in total career runs?*Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth [PAR] What Indiana Pacer did Knicks fan Spike Lee anger during the 1994 playoffs by calling him \"Cheryl\"?*Reggie Miller [PAR] What franchise has played in the most NBA finals since 1947?*Lakers [PAR] What two NBA players won the MVP trophy three times each from 1986 through 1992?*Magic Johnson and Michael Jordan [PAR] What player did the Boston Celtics draft between won-lost seasons of 29-53 and 61-21?*Larry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Competitions - iaaf.org Competitions - iaaf.org [PAR] iaaf.org [PAR] IAAF Silver Label Road Races [PAR] Madrid, ESP [PAR] IAAF Silver Label Road Races [PAR] Houilles, FRA [PAR] IAAF Bronze Label Road Races [PAR] Guangzhou, CHN [PAR] IAAF Gold Label Road Races [PAR] Fukuoka, JPN [PAR] IAAF Gold Label Road Races [PAR] Singapore, SGP [PAR] IAAF Bronze Label Road Races [PAR] New Delhi, IND [PAR] IAAF Gold Label Road Races [PAR] Valencia, ESP [PAR] Home of World Athletics [PAR] [PAR] The 2013-2016 IAAF Strategic Plan has six Core Values: universality, leadership, unity, excellence, integrity and solidarity, and a Vision Statement: \u201cTo lead, govern and develop the sport of athletics in all its forms worldwide, uniting the Athletics Family in a spirit of excellence, integrity and solidarity.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] The IAAF Registered Testing Pool [PAR] PDF [PAR] IAAF Rules of Congress Procedure [PAR] PDF [PAR] IAAF Vetting Rules - Approved by the IAAF Council on 6 January 2017 [PAR] PDF [PAR] IAAF Code of Ethics, Amended Appendix 2 in force as from 1st August 2016 [PAR] PDF [PAR] IAAF Code of Ethics in force as from 26 November 2015 [PAR] PDF [PAR] Guidelines: Application for exceptional eligibility under Rule 22.1A [PAR] PDF [PAR] Amendments to the IAAF Competition Rules, in force from 1st December 2016 [PAR] PDF [PAR] Amendments to the IAAF Competition Rules, in force from 17 June 2016 [PAR] PDF [PAR] Amendments to the IAAF Competition Rules, in force from 10 March 2016 [PAR] PDF [PAR] IAAF World Athletics Series Competitions \u2013 Technical Regulations \u2013 October 2016 [PAR] PDF [PAR] 04 AUG 2017 - 13 AUG 2017 London [PAR] GBR [PAR] The World Championships is the jewel in the crown of the IAAF\u2019s global competition programme. It is the third-largest sporting event in the world, involving approximately 2000 athletes from more than 200 nations competing for 47 gold medals. The first World Championships in athletics was held in Helsinki in 1983. Today, the competition is staged biennially, usually in the month August. [PAR] 02 MAR 2018 - 04 MAR 2018 Birmingham [PAR] GBR [PAR] The IAAF World Indoor Championships is held every two years and provides three action-packed days of intense competition in an intimate arena where fans can see many of the world\u2019s best athletes at close range. The event is generally held in March. [PAR] 10 JUL 2018 Tampere [PAR] FIN [PAR] The IAAF World U20 Championships brings together the best junior athletes from around the world to compete against each other on the global stage. It gives 18 and 19-year-old competitors a valuable first experience of a world championships. Up to 2200 athletes and officials from 170 national federations can be expected to take part. The six-day event is generally staged in July, every even year. [PAR] 12 JUL 2017 - 16 JUL 2017 Nairobi [PAR] KEN [PAR] The IAAF World U18 Championships bring together the best youth athletes from around the world to compete against each other on the global stage. It gives 16 and 17-year-old competitors a valuable first experience of a world championships. Up to 1600 athletes and officials from 165 national federations can be expected to take part. The five-day event is generally staged in July, every odd year. [PAR] 08 SEP 2018 - 09 SEP 2018 Ostrava [PAR] CZE [PAR] Formerly known as the IAAF World Cup, this event changed format and name in 2010 to become the IAAF Continental Cup. This premier team competition of world athletics sees the greatest talents on earth compete, not for individual medals, but to accumulate points for their continental teams. The Continental Cup"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ... Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History - National Football League - ESPN [PAR] Super Bowl Winners and Results [PAR] NO. [PAR] Green Bay 35, Kansas City 10 [PAR] II [PAR] Green Bay 33, Oakland 14 [PAR] III [PAR] New York Jets 16, Baltimore 7 [PAR] IV [PAR] Kansas City 23, Minnesota 7 [PAR] V [PAR] Pittsburgh 31, Los Angeles 19 [PAR] XV [PAR] San Francisco 26, Cincinnati 21 [PAR] XVII [PAR] Los Angeles 38, Washington 9 [PAR] XIX [PAR] San Francisco 38, Miami 16 [PAR] XX [PAR] Chicago 46, New England 10 [PAR] XXI [PAR] New York Giants 39, Denver 20 [PAR] XXII [PAR] Jack Murphy Stadium (San Diego) [PAR] Washington 42, Denver 10 [PAR] San Francisco 20, Cincinnati 16 [PAR] XXIV [PAR] San Francisco 55, Denver 10 [PAR] XXV [PAR] New York Giants 20, Buffalo 19 [PAR] XXVI [PAR] San Francisco 49, San Diego 26 [PAR] XXX [PAR] Sun Devil Stadium (Tempe, Ariz.) [PAR] Dallas 27, Pittsburgh 17 [PAR] Green Bay 35, New England 21 [PAR] XXXII [PAR] Denver 31, Green Bay 24 [PAR] XXXIII [PAR] St. Louis 23, Tennessee 16 [PAR] XXXV [PAR] Raymond James Stadium (Tampa, Fla.) [PAR] Baltimore 34, New York Giants 7 [PAR] XXXVI [PAR] New England 20, St. Louis 17 [PAR] XXXVII [PAR] Tampa Bay 48, Oakland 21 [PAR] XXXVIII [PAR] New England 32, Carolina 29 [PAR] XXXIX [PAR] New England 24, Philadelphia 21 [PAR] XL [PAR] University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale, Ariz.) [PAR] New York Giants 17, New England 14 [PAR] XLIII [PAR] Raymond James Stadium (Tampa, Fla.) [PAR] Pittsburgh Steelers 27, Arizona Cardinals 23 [PAR] XLIV [PAR] New Orleans Saints 31, Indianapolis Colts 17 [PAR] XLV [PAR] Green Bay Packers 31, Pittsburgh Steelers 25 [PAR] XLVI [PAR] New York Giants 21, New England Patriots 17 [PAR] XLVII [PAR] Baltimore Ravens 34, San Francisco 49ers 31 [PAR] XLVIII [PAR] MetLife Stadium (East Rutherford, N.J.) [PAR] Seattle Seahawks 43, Denver Broncos 8 [PAR] XLIX [PAR] University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale, Ariz.) [PAR] New England Patriots 28, Seattle Seahawks 24 [PAR] 50 [PAR] Levi's Stadium (Santa Clara, Calif.) [PAR] Denver Broncos 24, Carolina Panthers 10 [PAR] SPONSORED HEADLINES"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl V MVP: Chuck Howley - NFL.com Super Bowl V MVP [PAR] Super Bowl V MVP: Chuck Howley [PAR] SuperBowl.com wire reports [PAR] Dallas linebacker Chuck Howley became the first defensive player to be named Most Valuable Player in a Super Bowl. But the honor had a hollow ring for Howley, who also became the first player from a losing team to be named MVP. [PAR] The Cowboys lost to the Colts 16-13 as rookie Jim O'Brien made a 32-yard field goal with five seconds remaining to win the game. Howley intercepted two passes and receovered a fumble to win the honor, although his effort was overshadowed by Baltimore's eventual win. [PAR] Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monica Seles - Players | WTA Tennis English Players | WTA Tennis English [PAR] Career in Review [PAR] Monica Seles Biography [PAR] Was coached by father, Karolj, until his death in May 1998; holds especially dear the memory of first playing tennis with him in a parking lot; mother's name is Ester; has Yorkshire terrier named Ariel ... Became a US citizen in Miami on March 16, 1994 ... Other interests include modeling, horseback riding, basketball, guitar, reading autobiographies, hiking, swimming, working with Special Olympics athletes ... Collects stuffed animals ... Partner in the All-Star Cafe (sports restaurant chain) with Agassi, Woods, O'Neal, Montana, Gretzky and Griffey Jr ... Appeared in American Heart Association's \"Got Milk?\" ads with Evert and Fernandez ... Would like to attend college one day and work with children. [PAR] No videos found [PAR] 0 [PAR] - Holds nine Grand Slam singles titles (four at Australian Open , three at Roland Garros , two at US Open ); last one was 1996 Australian Open ; last time reaching final was 1998 Roland Garros (just three weeks after father's death; finished runner-up to S\u00e1nchez-Vicario); last one played was 2003 Roland Garros (lost first round to Nadia Petrova ; was last match played). [PAR] - Youngest winner of Roland Garros in history in 1990 (16 years, 6 months), beating then-No.1 Graf in straight sets in final. [PAR] - Youngest winner of Tour Championships in 1990 (16 years, 11 months), beating Sabatini 64 57 63 64 62 in first women's match to go to five sets since 1901 US Nationals final. [PAR] - Holds 53 career Tour singles titles (currently ninth-most all-time). [PAR] - Held No.1 for 178 non-consecutive weeks, fifth-most all-time; rose to No.1 for first time on March 11, 1991, becoming youngest ever at the time (now second-youngest, having been passed by Hingis); year-end No.1 twice (1991, 1992). [PAR] - Career prize money ($14,891,762) is currently ninth all-time. [PAR] - Member of winning American Fed Cup Teams in 1996, 1999 and 2000. [PAR] - Won seven of eight Grand Slams contested prior to 1993 stabbing; only Graf bettered that with eight of nine between 1988-1990; during QF match in Hamburg on April 13, 1993, was stabbed in back (just below left shoulder blade) by 38-year-old Guenter Parche, a fanatical fan of Graf who wanted to see her return to No.1; Seles did not play again for two years, three months; returned on August 15, 1995 with co-No.1 ranking (w/Graf), winning comeback event in Toronto and reaching US Open final in next event (falling to Graf in 3s). [PAR] SINGLES [PAR] Winner (53): 2002 - Doha, Madrid; 2001 - Oklahoma City, Bahia, Tokyo [Japan Open], Shanghai; 2000 - Oklahoma City, Amelia Island, Rome; 1999 - Amelia Island; 1998 - Montr\u00e9al, Tokyo [Princess Cup]; 1997 - Los Angeles, Toronto, Tokyo [Princess Cup]; 1996 - Australian Open, Tokyo [Nichirei], Sydney, Eastbourne, Montr\u00e9al; 1995 - Toronto; 1993 - Australian Open, Chicago; 1992 - Australian Open, Roland Garros, US Open, Tour Championships, Essen, Indian Wells, Houston, Barcelona, Tokyo [Nichirei], Oakland; 1991 - Australian Open, Roland Garros, US Open, Tour Championships, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Tokyo [Nichirei], Milan, Philadelphia; 1990 - Roland Garros, Tour Championships, Miami, US Hardcourts, Tampa, Rome, Berlin, Los Angeles, Oakland; 1989 - Houston. [PAR] DOUBLES [PAR] Winner (6): 1998 - Tokyo [Princess Cup] (w/Kournikova); 1997 - Tokyo [Princess Cup] (w/Sugiyama); 1992 - Rome (w/Sukova); 1991 - US Hardcourts (w/Fendick), Rome (w/Capriati); 1990 - Rome (w/Kelesi). [PAR] ADDITIONAL[DOC] [TLE] Monica Seles' Career Highlights :: www.monicaselessite.com Monica Seles' Career Highlights :: www.monicaselessite.com :: [PAR] 1999 [PAR] Won one title"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research [PAR] If you can help us improve this player's biography, contact us . [PAR] Babe Ruth [PAR] This article was written by Allan Wood [PAR] During his five full seasons with the Boston Red Sox, Babe Ruth established himself as one of the premier left-handed pitchers in the game, began his historic transformation from moundsman to slugging outfielder, and was part of three World Series championship teams. After he was sold to the New York Yankees in December 1919, his eye-popping batting performances over the next few seasons helped usher in a new era of long-distance hitting and high scoring, effectively bringing down the curtain on the Deadball Era. [PAR] George Herman Ruth was born to George Ruth and Catherine Schamberger on February 6, 1895, in his mother\u2019s parents\u2019 house at 216 Emory Street, in Baltimore, Maryland. With his father working long hours in his saloon and his mother often in poor health, Little George (as he was known) spent his days unsupervised on the waterfront streets and docks, committing petty theft and vandalism. Hanging out in his father\u2019s bar, he stole money from the till, drained the last drops from old beer glasses, and developed a taste for chewing tobacco. He was only six years old. [PAR] Shortly after his seventh birthday, the Ruths petitioned the Baltimore courts to declare Little George \u201cincorrigible\u201d and sent him to live at St. Mary\u2019s Industrial School, on the outskirts of the city. The boy\u2019s initial stay at St. Mary\u2019s lasted only four weeks before his parents brought him home for the first of several attempted reconciliations; his long-term residence at St. Mary\u2019s actually began in 1904. But it was during that first stay that George met Brother Matthias. [PAR] \u201cHe taught me to read and write and he taught me the difference between right and wrong,\u201d Ruth said of the Canadian-born priest. \u201cHe was the father I needed and the greatest man I\u2019ve ever known.\u201d Brother Matthias also spent many afternoons tossing a worn-out baseball in the air and swatting it out to the boys. Little George watched, bug-eyed. \u201cI had never seen anything like that in my life,\u201d he recalled. \u201cI think I was born as a hitter the first day I ever saw him hit a baseball.\u201d The impressionable youngster imitated Matthias\u2019s hitting style\u2014gripping the bat tightly down at the knobbed end, taking a big swing at the ball\u2014as well as his way of running with quick, tiny steps. [PAR] When asked in 1918 about playing baseball at St. Mary\u2019s, Ruth said he had little difficulty anywhere on the field. \u201cSometimes I pitched. Sometimes I caught, and frequently I played the outfield and infield. It was all the same to me. All I wanted was to play. I didn\u2019t care much where.\u201d In one St. Mary\u2019s game in 1913, Ruth, then 18 years old, caught, played third base (even though he threw left-handed), and pitched, striking out six men, and collecting a double, a triple, and a home run. That summer, he was allowed to pitch with local amateur and semipro teams on weekends. Impressed with his performances, Jack Dunn signed Ruth to his minor league Baltimore Orioles club the following February. [PAR] Although he was a bumpkin with minimal social skills, at camp in South Carolina Ruth quickly distinguished himself on the diamond. That spring, the Orioles played several major league teams. In two outings against the Phillies, Ruth faced 29 batters and allowed only six hits and two unearned runs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sailing Newport RI | America's Cup History | 12 Meter Charters Sailing Newport RI | America's Cup History | 12 Meter Charters [PAR] History of the America\u2019s Cup Races [PAR] The America\u2019s Cup \u2013 the most famous sailboat race! [PAR] [PAR] America\u2019s Race: [PAR] Competition for the America\u2019s Cup, the oldest and one of the most prestigious sporting trophies in the world, began in England in 1851. The newly founded New York Yacht Club was challenged by the Royal Yacht Squadron, then the most prestigious yacht club in the world, to take part in The Solent Races, sailing races that took place on the body of water between the Isle of Wight and Great Britain. Answering this challenge, the New York Yacht Club assembled a team to cross the Atlantic and race with their contender, the yacht America. The schooner America was designed and built by George Steers in 1850 at the urging of the New York Yacht Club to build a fast sailboat. [PAR] Of all the races held on The Solent, the Royal Yacht Squadron decided that America was only eligible for the \u201cAll Nations Race\u201d, a 74 mile race around the Isle of Wight starting and ending in Cowes. The prize for the winner of this race was the 100 Guineas Cup, an award commemorating Queen Victoria\u2019s Jubilee year. [PAR] When the starting gun was fired at ten in the morning on August 22, 1851, the America was the last over the starting line. However, in the end the speedy America stunned the British fleet and crossed the finish line 19 minutes ahead of all 15 of her British competitors thus winning the 100 Guineas Cup. The schooner America brought its prize across the Atlantic, and the New York Yacht Club renamed it \u201cThe America\u2019s Cup\u201d after the winning boat. [PAR] The America\u2019s Cup in Newport, Rhode Island: [PAR] In 1930, J boats raced in the first America\u2019s Cup races that were held in Newport, RI. During this era the races were held at the mouth of Narragansett Bay off Breton Reef in the Atlantic Ocean. From 1930 to 1937, the America\u2019s Cup the course was 30 miles long. In 1958, when the era of the 12 Meters began the course was shortened to just over 24 miles. For over 50 years Newport proved to be a perfect venue for the America\u2019s Cup because of its light and predictable winds and small volume of commercial traffic. [PAR] The America\u2019s Cup Deed of Gift: [PAR] On July 8, 1857, the members of the original America race syndicate, the first team to win the America\u2019s Cup, wrote a letter, known as The Deed of Gift, to the secretary of the New York Yacht Club. This letter was written to formalize the rules of future America\u2019s Cup racing. Originally it stated that the America\u2019s Cup would be held as a permanent challenge trophy that would be open to competition from any foreign yacht club. It also stated that the races would be held on the waters of the yacht club in possession of the America\u2019s Cup and all competitors had to sail to the race destination on their own bottoms. In other words, the boats could not be disassembled and shipped to the spot where the America\u2019s Cup races were to occur. [PAR] Subsequent changes were made to the Deed of Gift changing the racing rules of the America\u2019s Cup. Because of the original rule that stated that all competitors had to sail to the race destination on their own bottoms, America\u2019s Cup racing boats had to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wimbledon legends: Martina Navratilova - BBC News BBC SPORT | Tennis | History | Wimbledon legends: Martina Navratilova [PAR] Wimbledon legends: Martina Navratilova [PAR] 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990 [PAR] Runner up: 1988, 1989, 1994 [PAR] Grand Slam titles: 18 [PAR] Photos from her career [PAR] Martina Navratilova took her haul of Wimbledon titles to a record-equalling 20 in 2003 after victory in the mixed doubles with Leander Paes. [PAR] She shares that honour with Billie-Jean King, having already beaten many of her other landmarks, not least by playing a record 279 singles matches at SW19. [PAR] In that time she totted up a toal of nine singles titles, six of which came in successive summers from 1982. [PAR] Navratilova raised the women's game to a new level with power and aggression. [PAR] The Czech-born left-hander, who became a naturalised American in 1975, also set new standards with her astonishing fitness levels and commitment. [PAR] Amazingly, she had never even seen a grass court until a week before her first appearance there in 1973. [PAR] Watching Wimbledon on television as a child, she had no idea how long the grass would be, imagining it would be a couple of inches long like a football pitch. [PAR] When she leant down to touch the court at Queen's Club, where she was practicing before Wimbledon, she could not believe how short and tightly-woven it was. [PAR] She later declared: \"Wimbledon is like a drug. Once you win it for the first time you feel you've just got to do it again and again and again.\" [PAR] And so it proved. Navratilova won her first title in 1978 against Chris Evert, who she beat again 12 months later. [PAR] Evert was on the receiving end again in 1982 when Navratilova started her six year domination of Wimbledon during which she beat Andrea Jaeger, Evert again, and again (for the fifth time), Hana Mandlikova and Steffi Graf. [PAR] It was Graf who finally broke the spell becoming the first person to beat Navratilova in a Wimbledon singles final winning 6-1 in the third in both 1988 and 1989. [PAR] But Navratilova was not finished yet. She reached her ninth successive final in 1990 and overwhelmed Zina Garrison. [PAR] \"If I ever reached the stage where winning Wimbledon was no big deal, I'd know it was time for me to get out of the game,\" she once said. [PAR] She retired in 1994, the year she lost her last final appearance against Conchita Martinez, although later returned to play doubles matches, teaming up with Paes in 2003 for that famous 20th title. [PAR] In 2004, Navratilova returned to the scene of her great triumphs to compete again in the singles competition."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1991 Ryder Cup Matches - Scores, Recap and Player Records 1991 Ryder Cup Matches - Scores, Recap and Player Records [PAR] Score: USA 14.5, Europe 13.5 [PAR] Site: The Ocean Course at Kiawah Island Resort, Kiawah Island, South Carolina [PAR] Captains: Europe - Bernard Gallacher; USA - Dave Stockton [PAR] The 1991 Ryder Cup lives in history with the nickname \"War By the Shore.\" Which tells you all you need to know about how contentious an affair this one was. The 1991 matches really set the more competitive, more contentious, more nervewracking tone that the modern Ryder Cup carries. [PAR] The Americans, led by fired-up captain Dave Stockton , set the mood by posing for a military-inspired photo/poster, and some Team USA players showed up wearing battle-fatigues-inspired golf caps for Day 1 of the matches. The \"war\" rhetoric fanned the flames for some unfortunate fan behavior, Team Europe players claimed. The Americans said they were simply honoring troops taking part in Operation Desert Storm in the Persian Gulf region; the Europeans said some of the Americans' actions crossed the line from patriotism to jingoism. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What Size Bike Should I Buy? [PAR] Regardless, the tone was set. It continued with accusations of rules violations back-and-forth between Paul Azinger and Seve Ballesteros ; accusations of gamesmanship; and again when Team USA withdrew an injured Steve Pate from singles (resulting in an automatic half-point to both sides) with an injury whose legitimacy was questioned by Team Europe. [PAR] But what happened during the actual matches? USA jumped to a 3-1 lead after the opening foursomes and led 4.5 to 3.5 after Day 1. The \"Spanish Armada\" - Ballesteros and Jose Maria Olazabal - prevented an early American runaway by winning both its Day 1 matches. (That pairing was 3-0-1 for the week, and Ballesteros led both teams with a 4-0-1 individual mark.) [PAR] In the Day 2 foursomes, the USA again won the session 3-1, building an overall 7.5 to 4.5 lead. Things appeared bleak for Europe, until the Europeans almost ran the table in the afternoon fourballs , taking the session 3.5 to 0.5. [PAR] Which sent the 1991 Ryder Cup into the Sunday singles session tied 8-8. As the holder of the Cup, Europe needed six out of 12 available singles points to retain it; USA needed 6.5 of a possible 12 singles points to win the Cup back. [PAR] David Feherty and Nick Faldo got Europe off to a good start by winning their early matches. But the lead changed multiple times throughout the final day, a day whose tension is best described by the Mark Calcavecchia- Colin Montgomerie match. [PAR] Calcavecchia took the match dormie after the 14th hole, 4-up with four to play. But Monty, playing in his first Ryder Cup, fought back. In truth, both played poorly over those last four holes, but Calc appeared a mess (some observers actually worried he might be having a nervous breakdown). Monty won the 15th and 16th hole, then gave Calcavecchia a chance to win it by hitting a ball into the water on the par-3 17th. Except that Calc then hit an even worse tee ball, very nearly a shank, that also went into the water only halfway to the green. Amazingly, Calcavecchia still had a chance to win the hole, but missed a 2-foot putt. Calc then bogied the 18th to lose another hole, giving Montgomerie the halve. [PAR] Afterward, Calcavecchia walked down to the beach next to The Ocean Course , sank into the sand and cried. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NFL Playoff Records: Team - Scoring NFL Playoff Records: Team - Scoring [PAR] NFC: Chi. Bears vs. Washington, 1940 [PAR] 62 [PAR] AFC-D: Jacksonville vs. Miami, 1999 [PAR] 59 [PAR] NFC: Detroit vs. Cleveland, 1957 [PAR] Most Points, Both Teams, Game [PAR] 96 [PAR] NFC-FR: Arizona (51) vs. Green Bay (45), 2009 [PAR] 95 [PAR] NFC-FR: Philadelphia (58) vs. Detroit (37), 1995 [PAR] 89 [PAR] AFC-FR: Indianapolis (45) vs. Kansas City (44), 2013 [PAR] Fewest Points, Both Teams, Game [PAR] 5 [PAR] NFC-D: Detroit (0) vs. Dallas (5), 1970 [PAR] 7 [PAR] NFC: Chi. Cardinals (0) vs. Philadelphia (7), 1948 [PAR] 9 [PAR] NFC: Tampa Bay (0) vs. Los Angeles (9), 1979 [PAR] Largest Margin of Victory, Game [PAR] 73 [PAR] NFC: Chi. Bears vs. Washington, 1940 (73-0) [PAR] 55 [PAR] AFC-D: Jacksonville vs. Miami, 1999 (62-7) [PAR] 49 [PAR] AFC-D: Oakland vs. Houston, 1969 (56-7) [PAR] Most Points, Shutout Victory, Game [PAR] 73 [PAR] NFC: Chi. Bears vs. Washington, 1940 [PAR] 41 [PAR] NFC: N.Y. Giants vs. Minnesota, 2000 [PAR] AFC-FR: N.Y. Jets vs. Indianapolis, 2002 [PAR] 38 [PAR] NFC-D: Dallas vs. Tampa Bay, 1981 [PAR] Most Points Overcome to Win Game [PAR] 32 [PAR] AFC-FR: Buffalo vs. Houston, 1992 (trailed 3-35, won 41-38) (OT) [PAR] 28 [PAR] AFC-FR: Indianapolis vs. Kansas City, 2013 (trailed 10-38, won 45-44) [PAR] 24 [PAR] NFC-FR: San Francisco vs. N.Y. Giants, 2002 (trailed 14-38, won 39-38) [PAR] Most Points, Each Half [PAR] AFC: Buffalo vs. L.A. Raiders, 1990 [PAR] AFC-D: Jacksonville vs. Miami, 1999 [PAR] 38 [PAR] NFC-D: Washington vs. L.A. Rams, 1983 [PAR] NFC-FR: Philadelphia vs. Detroit, 1995 [PAR] 35 [PAR] NFC: Cleveland vs. Detroit, 1954 [PAR] AFC-D: Oakland vs. Houston, 1969 [PAR] SB: Washington vs. Denver, 1987 [PAR] AFC-FR: Indianapolis vs. Denver, 2004 [PAR] NFC-D: New Orleans vs. Arizona, 2009 [PAR] AFC-D: New England vs. Denver, 2011 [PAR] 2nd: 45 [PAR] NFC: Chi. Bears vs. Washington, 1940 [PAR] 35 [PAR] AFC-FR: Buffalo vs. Houston, 1992 [PAR] NFC-D: St. Louis vs. Minnesota, 1999 [PAR] NFC-FR: Green Bay vs. Arizona, 2009 [PAR] NFC-FR: New Orleans vs. Detroit, 2011 [PAR] AFC-FR: Indianapolis vs. Kansas City, 2013 [PAR] 32 [PAR] AFC: Indianapolis vs. New Englans, 2006 [PAR] Most Points, Each Quarter [PAR] AFC-D: Oakland vs. Houston, 1969 [PAR] 24 [PAR] AFC-D: San Diego vs. Miami, 1981 [PAR] AFC-D: Jacksonville vs. Miami, 1999 [PAR] AFC-D: Baltimore vs. New England, 2009 [PAR] 21 [PAR] NFC: Chi. Bears vs. Washington, 1940 [PAR] AFC: San Diego vs. Boston, 1963 [PAR] AFC-D: Oakland vs. Kansas City, 1968 [PAR] AFC: Oakland vs. San Diego, 1980 [PAR] AFC: Buffalo vs. L.A. Raiders, 1990 [PAR] NFC: San Francisco vs. Dallas, 1994 [PAR] NFC-D: New Orleans vs. Arizona, 2009 [PAR] 2nd: 35 [PAR] SB: Washington vs. Denver, 1987 [PAR] 31 [PAR] NFC-FR: Philadelphia vs. Detroit, 1995 [PAR] 28 [PAR] NFC-D: Green Bay vs. Atlanta, 2010 [PAR] 3rd: 28 [PAR] AFC-FR: Buffalo vs. Houston, 1992 [PAR] 26 [PAR] NFC: Chi. Bears vs. Washington, 1940 [PAR] 21 [PAR] NFC-D: Dallas vs. Cleveland, 1967 [PAR] NFC-D: Dallas vs. Tampa Bay, 1981 [PAR] AFC-D: L.A. Raiders vs. Pittsburgh, 1983 [PAR] SB: Chicago vs. New England, 1985 [PAR] NFC-D: N.Y. Giants vs. San Francisco, 1986 [PAR] AFC: Cleveland vs. Denver, 1987 [PAR] AFC: Cleveland vs. Denver, 1989 [PAR] NFC-D: St. Louis vs. Minnesota, 1999 [PAR] AFC-FR: Indianapolis vs. Kansas City, 2013 [PAR] 4th: 27 [PAR] NFC: N.Y. Giants vs. Chi. Bears, 1934 [PAR] 26 [PAR] NFC-FR: Philadelphia vs. New Orleans, 1992 [PAR] 24 [PAR] NFC: Baltimore vs. N.Y. Giants, 1959 [PAR] OT: 6[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten NFL Teams of All Time - TheTopTens\u00ae Top Ten NFL Teams"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Open Championship - Carnoustie Golf Links The Open Championship - Carnoustie Golf Links [PAR] Carnoustie Golf Links [PAR] The Open Championship [PAR] Carnoustie has hosted The Open Championship on seven occasions, most recently in 2007. [PAR] Each Championship has provided remarkable drama and excitement, with the 1953 victory by Ben Hogan standing out as one of the greatest Opens of all time, although one could easily argue that the 2007 victory by Padraig Harrington was simply the best of all Majors. [PAR] Carnoustie receives Open Championship plaudits for 2007 [PAR] Click here to view the highlights. [PAR] Carnoustie Golf Links has been delighted with the overwhelmingly positive response that it received both during Open Championship week and in the aftermath of what was a truly memorable tournament, climaxing in one of the most dramatic and memorable finishes ever witnessed in a Major Championship. [PAR] Throughout Championship week, the course received glowing praise from both competitors and the world\u2019s media for its stunning condition, the way in which it was set up and the true test it presented. In particular the closing stretch, encompassing holes 16, 17 and 18 offered no let up for the players and provided the setting for a truly demanding and fascinating finale. [PAR] As host venue Carnoustie was privileged to witness the first all-European playoff in a Major Championship in modern times between the enigmatic Spaniard Sergio Garcia and the ever popular Irishman Padraig Harrington. Such was the quality and drama it was almost a shame that one man had to lose, but in the end it was Padraig Harrington who claimed his first Major title and lifted the famous Claret Jug, becoming the first European to win a Major Championship since Paul Lawrie won here 8 years previously. [PAR] The R & A were also delighted by the way in which the course was set up throughout Open Championship week, with Peter Dawson commenting that he would love to see the Championship return to Carnoustie as soon as possible. [PAR] As a venue we are delighted with these comments and would welcome the opportunity to host the Championship again with open arms. Amongst the many plaudits received from the world\u2019s finest golfers included the following flattering comments: [PAR] \u201cThe golf course is hard, but it\u2019s fair. I think it\u2019s a fantastic test.\u201dTiger Woods [PAR] \u201cI didn\u2019t realise what a wonderful golf course it is. It\u2019s terrific.\u201d Phil Mickelson. [PAR] \u201cOne of the toughest and best links courses that we have in the world,\u201d Colin Montgomerie [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s got length. It\u2019s got great bunkering. You\u2019ve really got to have your wits with you to play this golf course. It\u2019s probably the best bunkered course that you\u2019ll ever find anywhere in the world.\u201d Ernie Els [PAR] \u201cThere isn\u2019t a player who didn\u2019t find this course a test and enjoyed that test. Credit to Carnoustie, it\u2019s one of the best in the world,\u201d Padraig Harrington [PAR] 1999 \u2013 Lawrie Picks up the Pieces [PAR] Click here to view the highlights. [PAR] Over the years, Carnoustie has staged more that its fair share of great Opens but when it comes to sheer drama none compares with the 1999 Championship, won by Paul Lawrie, but lost by the enigmatic Frenchman Jean Van de Velde. [PAR] The 1999 Championship, Carnoustie\u2019s first since 1975, featured a climax so extraordinary, so unexpected, that it will never be forgotten. It resulted in Lawrie becoming the first Scotsman to win the Open on native soil for 68 years but also made Frenchman, Van de Velde, headline news all over the world. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Professional football is born - Aug 20, 1920 - HISTORY.com Professional football is born - Aug 20, 1920 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Professional football is born [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1920, seven men, including legendary all-around athlete and football star Jim Thorpe, meet to organize a professional football league at the Jordan and Hupmobile Auto Showroom in Canton, Ohio. The meeting led to the creation of the American Professional Football Conference (APFC), the forerunner to the hugely successful National Football League. [PAR] Professional football developed in the 1890s in Pennsylvania, as local athletic clubs engaged in increasingly intense competition. Former Yale football star William \u201cPudge\u201d Heffelfinger became the first-ever professional football player when he was hired by the Allegheny Athletic Association to play in a game against their rival the Pittsburgh Athletic Club in November 1892. By 1896, the Allegheny Athletic Association was made up entirely of paid players, making it the sport\u2019s first-ever professional team. As football became more and more popular, local semi-pro and pro teams were organized across the country. [PAR] Professional football first proved itself a viable spectator sport in the 1910s with the establishment of The Ohio League. Canton, the premiere team in the league, featured legendary decathlete and football star Jim Thorpe. From his play with the Carlisle School to his gold medal in the decathlon in Stockholm in 1912 and his time in the outfield with John McGraw\u2019s New York Giants, Thorpe was an international star who brought legitimacy to professional football. The crowds that Thorpe and the Canton team drew created a market for professional football in Ohio and beyond. Still, the league was struggling due to escalating player salaries, a reliance on college players who then had to forfeit their college eligibility and a general lack of organization. [PAR] On August 20, 1920, the owners of four Ohio League teams\u2013the Akron Pros, Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Indians and Dayton Triangles\u2013met to form a new professional league. Jim Thorpe was nominated as president of the new league, as it was hoped Thorpe\u2019s fame would help the league to be taken seriously. On September 17, the league met again, changing its short-lived name to the American Professional Football Association (APFA) and officially electing Jim Thorpe as the league\u2019s first president. [PAR] The APFA began play on September 26, with the Rock Island Independents of Illinois defeating a team from outside the league, the St. Paul Ideals, 48-0. A week later, Dayton beat Columbus 14-0 in the first game between two teams from the APFA, the forerunner of the modern NFL. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] National Football League - American Football Wiki - Wikia National Football League | American Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] CBS-TV , FOX Sports , NBC-TV (NBC Sunday Night Football) , ESPN (Monday Night Football) , NFL Network [PAR] The National Football League (NFL) is the largest all-American football league, consisting of thirty-two teams from American cities and regions. The league's teams are divided into two conferences: the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). Each conference is then further divided into four divisions consisting of four teams each, labeled North, South, East, and West. During the league's regular season, each team plays sixteen games over a seventeen-week period, generally from September to December. At the end of each regular season, six teams from each conference play in the NFL playoffs , a twelve-team single-elimination tournament that culminates with the NFL championship, the Super Bowl . This game is held at a pre-selected site which is usually a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Affirmed jockey Cauthen watches American Pharoah from ... Affirmed jockey Cauthen watches American Pharoah from stands - NY Daily News [PAR] Jockey Steve Cauthen, who rode Affirmed in 1978, on hand to watch American Pharoah win Triple Crown [PAR] Affirmed jockey Cauthen watches American Pharoah from stands [PAR] Affirmed on the inside, Steve Cauthen up, wins the Belmont Stakes and the Triple Crown, ahead of Alydar, Jorge Velasquez up, on June 10, 1978. Affirmed is the last horse to sweep all three races. [PAR] (AP) [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] Updated: Sunday, June 7, 2015, 1:31 AM [PAR] There were five horses in the Belmont Stakes field in the summer of \u201978, although the jockey aboard Affirmed that Saturday says \u201creally, it was only two,\u201d when the horn sounded and the gates popped open. [PAR] Steve Cauthen was all of 18 years old in 1978, an age when most teenagers are headed to the prom. Cauthen ditched his tux in favor of racing tights, climbed aboard Affirmed and rode to Triple Crown glory after a scintillating, neck-and-neck battle with Alydar, the only other horse that mattered that day. [PAR] \u201cYeah, I was nervous. Obviously you have a chance to do something special. You don\u2019t want to, basically, mess it up,\u201d Cauthen, 55, told the Daily News on Saturday at Belmont Park, hours before American Pharoah became the first Triple Crown winner since Affirmed. \u201cConsidering all that, I think I kind of kept it all as best in perspective as I could and just focused on my horse, and how to ride him best, and my best chance at beating Alydar.\u201d [PAR] Thirty-seven years after Cauthen made history at the Belmont \u2014 waging an entertaining, tense battle with Alydar down the stretch and winning by a head, after the two battled neck-and-neck and nose-to-nose in all three Triple Crown races \u2014 the former jockey knew American Pharoah would be the horse that would take its place alongside Affirmed, Seattle Slew, Secretariat and the other eight Triple Crown titans. [PAR] Steve Cauthen is at Belmont Park on Saturday and witnesses the first Triple Crown winner since he rode Affirmed to the rare feat in 1978. [PAR] (C.Neil DeCrescenzo/C.Neil DeCrescenzo HORSEGEMS) [PAR] \u201cEverybody wants to see something special,\u201d Cauthen said. \u201cHe\u2019s got Bob Baffert \u2014 there\u2019s no better trainer around and certainly none with more experience than him that are trying to win this race.\u201d [PAR] Cauthen wasn\u2019t the only link to Triple Crown history on hand Saturday. Penny Chenery, 93, the owner of 1973 Triple Crown champion Secretariat, said simply: \u201cI\u2019m thrilled.\u201d [PAR] FROSTED DOESN'T FLAKE [PAR] Wood Memorial winner Frosted was the lone runner to make a late move at American Pharoah, finishing second. \u201cMy horse ran great, but the horse everybody expected to win won the race,\u201d jockey Joel Rosario said. [PAR] \u201cMy horse ran really great and we got second place. It\u2019s exciting because we have not seen this for so long and the winner really looked brilliant. [PAR] \u201cMy horse showed that he is a really nice horse, and there will be lots of races down the road for my horse.\u201d [PAR] Rosario won the Belmont in 2014 aboard Tonalist, denying California Chrome\u2019s Triple Crown bid. [PAR] American Pharoah is a Triple Crown winner after Belmont romp [PAR] EVEN STEVENS [PAR] Jockey Gary Stevens, who has ridden three Belmont Stakes winners, was also full of compliments. \u201cHe ran a hell of a race,\u201d said Stevens, who finished seventh aboard Tale of Verve. [PAR] \u201cThat\u2019s a hell of a horse. The race was over in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NFL's greatest teams to not win the Super Bowl: 1-20 | FOX ... NFL's greatest teams not to win the Super Bowl: 1-20 | FOX Sports [PAR] Jan 27, 2014 at 4:12p ET [PAR] 0 [PAR] Shares [PAR] Fox Sports South invokes a numbers-based look at the 40 Greatest Teams Not To Win The Super Bowl \u2014 a list that researches 48 NFL campaigns (1966-2013) and rewards overall record (regular season), per-game point differential, turnover margin, strength of schedule, divisional superiority, blowout victories \u2026 and any other bits of extra credit that may vault teams into the countdown. [PAR] Simply put, we\u2019re extracting the emotion from a countdown that will surely elicit a few choice responses on the \"comments\" section. But hey, you can\u2019t please everyone. [PAR] The one significant caveat: We only considered clubs with 10 or more wins from 1966-77 (the NFL had a 14-game schedule) and 11 or more victories from 1978-2012 (16-game schedule). [PAR] Wins Of 10 Points Or More: 10 [PAR] Losses to sub-.500 teams: 0 [PAR] Record vs. playoff teams: 0-2 [PAR] Strength of division (minimum to maximum scale of 1 to 5): 3 [PAR] Playoff Extra Credit: None [PAR] OVERVIEW [PAR] It\u2019s not a stretch to draw eerie parallels between the 1999 Jaguars and 2007 Patriots, the kingpins of this countdown (spoiler alert). [PAR] Both clubs proffered double-digit excellence in point differential and turnover margin, while winning at least nine games by 10 points or more. The two head coaches, Tom Coughlin (Jags) and Bill Belichick (Patriots), are also direct descendants of the Bill Parcells coaching tree. [PAR] And both teams, excruciatingly, lost to only one franchise during their near-flawless campaigns. [PAR] Of course, New England (18-1) lost to the Giants in the waning moments of Super Bowl XLII \u2026 whereas Jacksonville went 0 for 3 against division rival Tennessee. In a nutshell, that explains why the Jags are sitting at only No. 20. [PAR] 20a. \u2014 1999 Tennessee Titans [PAR] Wins Of 10 Points Or More: 6 [PAR] Losses to sub-.500 teams: 1 [PAR] Record vs. playoff teams: 3-1 [PAR] Strength of division (minimum to maximum scale of 1 to 5): 3 [PAR] Playoff Extra Credit: Lost in Super Bowl (Rams) [PAR] OVERVIEW [PAR] The 1999 Titans may have been omitted from this countdown if Frank Wycheck and Co. had never pulled off the Music City Miracle against the Bills (wild-card round) \u2014 a ridiculous-looking, but legal lateral that saved Tennessee\u2019s season and helped propel the NFL into a new century. [PAR] But then again, it\u2019s proper to celebrate the elite-level production of running back Eddie George (1,762 total yards, 13 TDs) and the Titans\u2019 four crucial victories over the Jaguars (three times \u2014 including the AFC title game) and Rams (regular season), the eventual Super Bowl champions. [PAR] 19 \u2014 1990 San Francisco 49ers [PAR] Regular Season Record: 14-2 [PAR] Wins Of 10 Points Or More: 6 [PAR] Losses to sub-.500 teams: 1 [PAR] Record vs. playoff teams: 4-0 [PAR] Strength of division (minimum to maximum scale of 1 to 5): 1 [PAR] Playoff Extra Credit: Lost to Super Bowl champs (Giants) [PAR] OVERVIEW [PAR] The 1990 Niners were on path to becoming the first club in NFL history to win three consecutive Super Bowls \u2014 rolling for 10 straight wins to start the season, going undefeated on the road and riding high from perhaps Joe Montana\u2019s best statistical season of a Hall of Fame career (3,944 yards passing, 26 TDs). [PAR] But alas, a Montana injury and subsequent fumble from Roger Craig in the NFC title game (against"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trainers rising to the Challenge: Horse Racing - Telegraph Trainers rising to the Challenge: Horse Racing - Telegraph [PAR] Horse Racing [PAR] Trainers rising to the Challenge [PAR] It is much easier to send a British-trained runner to Louisville for the Kentucky Derby than it was two decades ago. [PAR] Pride of Kentucky: Churchill Downs, the home of the famous Kentucky Derby Photo: AP [PAR] By HOTSPUR (J A McGrath) [PAR] 7:23PM GMT 17 Mar 2009 [PAR] In fact, now with a tantalising bonus of $100,000 in place for the first time this year, it is a piece of cake. [PAR] The winner of the Kentucky Derby Challenge Stakes at Kempton Park is guaranteed a place in the Kentucky Derby field and will pick up the bonus simply for agreeing to make the trans-Atlantic crossing for the Run For The Roses at Churchill Downs, on May 2. [PAR] He doesn't even have to win in America, he just has to show up on the day. And, of course, the bonus will cover the cost of the trip. If he happens to win, or finish in the first five, there is huge prize money to be collected. [PAR] It is certainly a lot more tempting than when Newmarket trainer Clive Brittain saddled Tony Richards' Bold Arrangement for a gallant second to Ferdinand in the 1986 Kentucky Derby. No gilt-edged carrot was dangled in front of the pioneering Brittain and his adventurous owner; they did all the hard work themselves. [PAR] How times have changed. Owing to vigorous promotion by Churchill Downs and Kempton, the inaugural running of the Kentucky Derby Challenge, carrying \u00a380,000 prize money, has attracted a capacity field of 14. So popular was the race, they had to ballot for places. [PAR] Deposer, saddled by John Best, has already been to the States with his best effort there coming in the Lane's End Breeders' Futurity at Keeneland, in which he finished fourth to stablemate Square Eddie. [PAR] The latter went on to finish second, starting favourite, in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile at Santa Anita, thus verifying Best's sales pitch to a group of owners he had recruited. He told them he could buy a batch of horses relatively cheaply, race them and then sell them on for handsome gain. \"They made a massive profit and we're hoping to do it again. We have 60 to race \u2013 30 with American pedigrees and 30 with European bloodlines. We bought many of them as foals,\" he said. [PAR] Despite his experience, Deposer has quite a task tonight, according to Best. \"He has drawn badly, and they did such a good job promoting this race, it is going to be very competitive. There are many unexposed types,\" he pointed out. [PAR] John Gosden sends out two runners, the unbeaten Close Alliance, who looked promising in winning at Great Leighs, and Mafaaz, who is preferred by Hamdan Al-Maktoum's jockey Richard Hills, though the owner's Haashed, trained by Mark Johnston, has ability and also looks a decent prospect. [PAR] Watching Brief by Marlborough [PAR] Selling Point: This race represents an easier task for Mystic Art (4.45 Lingfield) than the one he faced when a creditable third in a hot claimer over course and distance last time. He had previously run out a comfortable winner when dropped to selling company for the first time, so has what it takes to be effective at this level. [PAR] Quick Strike: No Supper (5.10 Warwick) makes an early reappearance after registering a comfortable course and distance success. His trainer is establishing a reputation for running up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WEG 1990 The Sport | FEI History Hub WEG 1990 The Sport | FEI History Hub [PAR] A total of 37 countries participated in the 1990 FEI World Equestrian Games\u2122. [PAR] Jumping 75 Participants (26 Countries) [PAR] Dressage 68 Participants (22 countries) [PAR] Eventing 84 Participants (22 countries) [PAR] Driving 52 Participants (18 Countries) [PAR] Endurance 81 Participants (19 countries) [PAR] Vaulting 61 participants (15 countries) [PAR] Jumping [PAR] Dressage [PAR] Eventing [PAR] France dominated in the show jumping arena at these inaugural FEI World Equestrian Games\u2122 in Stockholm, where Eric Navet claimed the individual honours and joined team-mates Hubert Bourdy, Roger-Yves Bost and Pierre Durand to take the team title. [PAR] Navet realised the dreams for many generations of his family when he was victorious with the stallion Quito de Baussy, bred by his father Alain at the Haras de Baussy in Calvados, Normandy. This was particularly significant given that the change-horse individual final included some of the greatest equine legends of all time including the duo of magnificent greys, Milton and Gem Twist. Silver medallists at the Seoul Olympic Games in 1988, Best and Gem Twist, knocked a rail but Gem Twist earned the title of \"World's Best Horse\" that afternoon when his only other mistake was with Bourdy. [PAR] It was Great Britain's Whitaker who lined up in silver medal position ahead of Bourdy in bronze while Best finished individually fourth as did the US team which also included Joan Scharffenberger (Victor), Anne Kursinski (Starman) and Joe Fargis (Mill Pearl). [PAR] The course designer in Stockholm was Olaf Petersen, whose flair and innovation had already made a big impression in Seoul. The Stockholm track had a distinctly Swedish theme. [PAR] A total of 16 countries competed in the team competition. Despite a 16-fault result for Roger-Yves Bost (Norton de Rhuys), the French were victorious in the team event, ahead of France and Germany. [PAR] The seventh FEI World Championships were held in the framework of the first FEI World Equestrian Games\u2122 in the Olympic stadium of 1912 and 1956. Nicole Uphoff and Rembrandt, who had burst onto the international scene with their 1988 Olympic gold medal, also claimed the world title. A record number of 68 starters from 22 countries took part. The Germans won their sixth world title, with the Soviet Union (just before its break-up) and Switzerland behind on the podium. [PAR] Eighty-four riders started in Stockholm and 60 finished the competition, held in the Royal parks of Gardet and Djurgarden. Blyth Tait on Messiah earned the first individual Eventing world title for New Zealand, and Andrew Nicholson, Andrew Scott and the double Olympic champion of 1984 and 1988, Mark Todd of New Zealand, also won team gold, ahead of Great Britain and Germany. [PAR] Driving [PAR] Endurance [PAR] Vaulting [PAR] Fifty-two starters competed from 18 countries at the first FEI World Equestrian Games\u2122 in Stockholm, a glorious event on the whole but in terms of the Driving, they unfortunately ended with the disqualification of the winner, Ad Aarts of the Netherlands, due to traces of prohibited substances found after testing. This cost Aarts not only his individual medal but also team gold for the Netherlands. Gold instead went to Sweden. The Netherlands, with only the two scores of Chardon and Weusthof, got silver, with Hungary taking bronze. Tomas Eriksson of Sweden became the new individual World champion. [PAR] The third endurance FEI World championships were held in the framework of the first FEI World Equestrian Games\u2122. Becky Hart of the United States with R.O. Grand Sultan won again. The surprise was the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series [PAR] 1903 Leaders & Numbers 1902 1904 1900s [PAR] 1903 The First World Series [PAR] Both the American and National Leagues finally agree to co-exist in peace, leading to an inaugural \"world's championship\" between the two pennant winners. [PAR] On January 9, 1903, the hatchet was finally buried. It was on this day in Cincinnati that the powers that be for both the National and American Leagues began the process of co-existing harmoniously, ending two years of bitter fighting. Gone would be the player raids, the cutthroat crosstown rivalries and the clandestine undermining of each other. [PAR] Although nothing was said about the leagues playing one another\u2014be it as regular season interleague play or postseason competition\u2014the door was certainly propped open more widely than ever for the possibility. [PAR] Ironically, it was the National League\u2014the established entity of big league baseball\u2014that more or less waved the white flag to the relatively infant American League, singularly run by Ban Johnson. Talent and attendance had both swayed in favor of the AL, and there was still ongoing pilferage of NL rosters. Jack Chesbro, Jesse Tannehill, Willie Keeler and Sam Crawford had already defected to the junior circuit since the end of the 1902 season, and AL owners were closing in on signing Christy Mathewson, Tommy Leach, Vic Willis and Sam Mertes, among others. To stop the bleeding, the NL decided to put the emergency brakes on the feud and meet with Johnson. [PAR] Though the Cincinnati talks supposedly provided a level playing field between the leagues, there was no mistaking that Johnson and his AL owners were firmly in charge. [PAR] The NL magnates gave it the good ol\u2019 college try anyway. [PAR] Johnson was initially asked by NL executives, led by president Harry Pulliam, to merge the two leagues\u2014eliminating the four AL franchises doing business in NL cities, while allowing the other four to continue as part of a 12-team National League. An incredulous Johnson quickly rejected the idea and walked out, only to return four days later with his own list of demands\u2014many of which he\u2019d get. Johnson demanded that all existing player contracts be honored, allowing AL teams to hold onto the players snapped up from the NL; in return he would stop the player raids. Johnson also pledged not to follow through on his threat to move the Detroit Tigers to Pittsburgh\u2014but only on the condition that he could move his tampered Baltimore franchise to New York. The NL reluctantly, though not unaminouslyJohn Brush, who helped scuttle the Baltimore Orioles and now owned the New York Giants\u2014where most of the released Orioles wound up\u2014vehemently decried the AL\u2019s move to New York. , agreed to these key issues. [PAR] Out of the Cincinnati talks came the National Agreement, the bylines of which both leagues would be run; and the National Commission, an executive group of three representatives from both leagues that would rule over the game. The three elected to the Commission were Johnson and two NL executives: Pulliam and Cincinnati Reds owner Garry Herrmann. On the surface, the AL appeared outnumbered 2-to-1 within the Commission, but it was a deceptive facade; Herrmann, a long-time pal of Johnson, brought a more impartial voice to balance out the trio. [PAR] The negotiating power and dominating presence of Ban Johnson proved one thing as the new season proceeded in April: It was he who now ran the whole show. [PAR] The shortest end of the peace stick would not be reserved for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kansas City Chiefs (1963-Present) - Sports E-Cyclopedia Kansas City Chiefs (1963-Present) [PAR] [PAR] Historical Moments: [PAR] 1963: After conceding Dallas to the Cowboys, the Dallas Texans became the Kansas City Chiefs. Ironically there once was a NFL team named the Kansas City Cowboys . The defending AFL Champions got ready for their first season in Kansas City with one of the strongest drafts ever. Buck Buchanan, Ed Budde and Bobby Bell, became starters right away and would play a combined 526 games with the Chiefs. However, another rookie Stone Johnson would never make it to his rookie season, after sustaining a serious spinal cord injury, which would lead to his untimely death. The Chiefs would go on to retire his number 33 in his honor. The heavy hearted Chiefs started their first season in Kansas City win with a 59-7 victory over the Broncos in Denver, but managed just one win and two ties in its next nine games on their way to a disappointing 5-7-2 record. [PAR] 1964: The Chiefs struggled to a 7-7 record as many of the team's best players, including E.J. Holub, Fred Arbanas and Johnny Robinson, missed several games with injuries. An average of just 18,126 fans attended each home game, prompting discussion at the AFL owners' meeting about the Chiefs future in Kansas City. [PAR] 1965: The Chiefs made Kansas star Gale Sayers their first-round draft pick, but lost him in a bidding war with the Chicago Bears. However, the Chiefs were able to nab wide receiver Otis Taylor from Prairie View. Tragedy also hit the Chiefs again when Running Back Mack Lee Hill died on the operating table after relatively routine knee surgery late in the season. The Chiefs would go on to finish with a 7-5-2 record losing three games by a Field Goal or less. [PAR] 1966: The Chiefs make another big improvement through the draft signing Running Back Mike Garrett even though he was also drafted by his hometown Los Angeles Rams. After starting the season 3-0 on the road, a crowd of 43,885, the largest ever to witness a sports event in Kansas City, turned out for the home opener against the defending AFL champion Buffalo Bills, the home opener against the defending AFL champion Buffalo Bills. The Chiefs dropped a 29-14 decision to the Bills, but, after the contest, Chiefs coach Hank Stram and Buffalo head coach Joe Collier negotiated a trade in the middle of the field. Kansas City got kicker Mike Mercer for a fifth-round pick, solidifying one of the few weaknesses on the squad. The Chiefs would go on to finish with an 11-2-1 record, winning the Western Division by three games to set up rematch with Bills in Buffalo in the AFL Championship Game. Using a dazzling I-formation offense and a smothering defense, the Chiefs dominated the Bills in Buffalo, 31-7, on New Year's Day to win the franchise's second AFL crown and earned a place in the first AFL-NFL World Championship Game. [PAR] Super Bowl I: Lamar Hunt who was the driving force behind the formation of AFL won a major victory when the NFL and AFL agreed to play a World Championship game after the season. So it was only appropriate that his Chiefs were the AFL's reprehensive in the first of these games billed as the AFL-NFL Championship Game. Initially the game did not get much attention as everyone assumed that the Chiefs were no-match for the powerful Green Bay Packers who won the NFL Championship. The game was not even sold out as the Los Angeles Coliseum only"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Photos of Super Bowl Most Valuable Players (MVPs ) - CNN Photos of Super Bowl Most Valuable Players (MVPs) - CNN.com [PAR] 1 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl II (1968) \u2013 Starr repeated the feat one year later as the Packers won back-to-back titles. Starr had 202 yards passing and one touchdown as Green Bay blew out Oakland 33-14. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl III (1969) \u2013 The New York Jets came into Super Bowl III as 18-point underdogs, but quarterback Joe Namath famously guaranteed that his team would upset the Baltimore Colts. After Namath led the way to a 16-7 victory, he was named the game's Most Valuable Player. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl IV (1970) \u2013 The Kansas City Chiefs lost the first Super Bowl, but they made it count the second time around. Quarterback Len Dawson had 142 yards and a touchdown as the Chiefs beat the Minnesota Vikings 23-7 in New Orleans. It was the second straight year that the AFL champions had defeated the NFL champions, and by the next season the two leagues had merged. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl V (1971) \u2013 Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley, right, holds onto one of his two interceptions against the Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl V. Howley was named the game's MVP, but the Colts won the notoriously sloppy game with a Jim O'Brien field goal as time expired. To date, Howley remains the only player from a losing team to be named Super Bowl MVP. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl VI (1972) \u2013 Dallas atoned for its loss the next season, shutting down the Miami Dolphins 24-3. MVP quarterback Roger Staubach had two touchdown passes. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl VII (1973) \u2013 Miami safety Jake Scott intercepts a fourth-quarter pass in the end zone during the Dolphins' 14-7 win over Washington in Super Bowl VII. Scott had two interceptions in the game as the Dolphins finished their season with a perfect 17-0 record. They are still the only NFL team ever to finish a season undefeated. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl VIII (1974) \u2013 Powerful running back Larry Csonka carries two Minnesota defenders near the end zone as Miami won its second Super Bowl in a row. Csonka became the first running back to win Super Bowl MVP, rushing for 145 yards and two touchdowns. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl IX (1975) \u2013 Pittsburgh Steelers running back Franco Harris fights off Minnesota defender Paul Krause during Pittsburgh's 16-6 victory in Super Bowl IX. Harris ran for 158 yards and a touchdown on his way to winning MVP. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl X (1976) \u2013 This diving catch from Pittsburgh wide receiver Lynn Swann is one of the most iconic plays in Super Bowl history. Swann had a touchdown and 161 yards receiving as the Steelers defeated Dallas 21-17 to win their second straight Super Bowl. Swann was the first wide receiver to win MVP. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 10 of 50 [PAR] Photos: Super Bowl MVPs [PAR] Super Bowl XI (1977) \u2013 Oakland Raiders wide receiver"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Heavyweight Top Champions of All Time - Jeff's World ... The Heavyweight Top Champions of All Time [PAR] THE HEAVYWEIGHT TOP CHAMPIONS OF ALL TIME [PAR] 06/20/98 [PAR] Disclaimer: The list below is based on each boxer's last name. [PAR] 1. Muhammad Ali [PAR] Started his pro career 1960 until 1981, Muhammad Ali - previously known as Cassius Clay, has booked professional fight record of 56-5 (57 KO). He was nicknamed as \"The Greatest\" as he always proved every words he said before afight was done. Ali was also known as the one who invented rope and dope technique in boxing. \"Dance like a butterfly and sting like a bee\" was always reflected in his fights. Ali was the first man in the world who succeeded to be a three times Heavyweight champion, before Evander Holyfield did it again in 1997. Ali fist got the world title after defeating Sonny Liston by KO7 in Miami Beach, Fl, February 25, 1964. [PAR] 2. Ezzard Charles [PAR] He fought in 1940-1959, and finally became a world champion in 1950-1951 after he defeated the legend Joe Louis on September 27, 1950 in New York. After he lost his title defeated by Jersey Joe Walcott (PA, July 18, 1051), Charles failed twice in his attempt to get back the title from Rocky Marciano in 1954. [PAR] 3. Jack Dempsey [PAR] The 1919-1926 Heavyweight world champion , Jack Dempsey, fought in professional boxing in 1914-1940. He first got his title from Jess Willard in Toledo, OH (July 4, 1919). He then lost the title in September 1926 after defeated by Gene Tuney in Chicago, IL. [PAR] 4. George Foreman [PAR] \"Big George\" started his pro debut in 1969 and ended it nicely in 1997. He is the oldest Heavyweight world champion in history, and he has become a legend for that. Collecting 76 wins (68 KO) and only 5 losses, Foreman was really an amazing champion. He first got the title by defeating Smokin' Joe Frazier in Jamaica by KO2 (Jan. 22, 1973). Ali seized the title on October 30, 1974 by KO4 in Kinsasha, Zaire. He decided to retire after Jimmy Young defeated him in 1997, but then he made a spectacular moment when he knocked out Michael Moorer in Las Vegas when he was 45 (January 23, 1989). [PAR] 5. Joe Frazier [PAR] He was world champion in 1970-1973, the time of the toughest competition in heavyweight world. Frazier fought in 1965-1981 and collecting 32-4 (27 KO) fight record. He got the Heavyweight title in February 16, 1970 from Jimmy Ellis by KO5 in NY. He was forced to give the crown to Foreman after he was KO'd in round 2. [PAR] 6. Larry Holmes [PAR] This \"Easton Assassin\" almost got the 49 consecutive victories as Marciano did, but he failed after Michael Spinks defeated him in 1985. Holmes (66-6, 42 KO's) boxed from 1973-1997. He was a consecutive champion for 7 years, 1978-1985. Holmes got the world title on June 9, 1978 from Ken Norton by points in Las Vegas. In his come back, Holmes has tried to get back his lost title several times, including Tyson (1988), but he never made it. [PAR] Evander Holyfield [PAR] \"The Real Deal\" is a very religious boxer. Until today, he has gathered fight records of 35-3 (25 KO's). He was Cruiserweight champion (1986-1990), then to KO James Douglas in round 3 on October 25, 1990. He is the second man in history after Ali who could be the 3 times Heavyweight world champion. He is considered as a legend after his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] tennis.com - 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam | TENNIS.com [PAR] 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam [PAR] Tags: 50th Anniversary Moments , Martina Navratilova , Steffi Graf [PAR] After winning all four Grand Slam tournaments, Olympic gold was the final tennis treasure left for Graf to claim\u2014which she did convincingly. (AP) [PAR] This year marks the 50th anniversary of TENNIS Magazine's founding in 1965. To commemorate the occasion, we'll look back each Thursday at one of the 50 moments that have defined the last half-century in our sport. [PAR] Sports fans love to talk about records that will \u201cnever be broken.\u201d Joe DiMaggio\u2019s 56-game hitting streak, Norm Van Brocklin\u2019s 550 passing yards in one game, Wilt Chamberlain\u2019s 100 points in a game: These marks, all set 50 or more years ago, have indeed stood the test of time. [PAR] Theoretically, though, they all remain breakable. Once the tiebreaker was instituted at Wimbledon , most tennis fans thought that the 1969 marathon between Pancho Gonzalez and Charlie Pasarell would stand as the longest in the tournament\u2019s history at 112 games. Then along came John Isner and Nicolas Mahut, who played more games, 138, in their breaker-less fifth set alone in 2010. [PAR] But if we\u2019re talking about the record for the most dominant single season in tennis history, it\u2019s hard to see how anyone will ever surpass the one that Steffi Graf put together in 1988. Not only did she become the first player in 18 years to capture the Holy Grail of tennis, the calendar-year Grand Slam, she became the first and so far only player to go the Grail one better and add an Olympic gold medal in the same year. The Golden Slam, as it\u2019s now known, stands alone. [PAR] Graf was just 18 when she started on her quest, but her run didn\u2019t come out of nowhere; the German had been building toward it since 1984, when she reached the fourth round at Wimbledon at 15 and announced herself as a force to be reckoned with in the future. From the start, Graf played unprecedentedly fast and forceful tennis; no player before her had ever moved with such predatory haste. Her forehand, which she clubbed from every part of the court, was quickly recognized as an evolutionary leap for the shot. Crosscourt, inside-out, inside-in, down the line: Fraulein Forehand hit them all. Once a junior practice partner of Boris Becker, Graf brought a mid-80s power revolution to the women\u2019s game at the same time that her countryman was doing something similar on the men's side. In the process, Graf dissolved the age-old division between net-rusher and baseliner that had defined the biggest rivalry of the previous era, Martina Navratilova vs. Chris Evert. [PAR] Still, going into 1988, Graf had one major title under her belt; she had broken through and beaten world No. 1 Navratilova 8-6 in the third set of the previous year\u2019s French Open final. By August of '87, she had taken Navratilova\u2019s top ranking as well, a position she wouldn\u2019t surrender for four years. But speedy Steffi hadn\u2019t left Martina in the dust just yet. The Czech bounced back to beat her in the finals at Wimbledon and the U.S. Open in \u201987. The generational tug of war between the two legends was prolonged and ferocious. [PAR] But \u201988 felt like the dawning of a new era in tennis. The season began with the debut of Flinders Park in Melbourne , and its slow, bouncy new surface, Rebound Ace. The courts helped"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] mr. walker smith jr. -aka- \u201csugar ... - Sugar Ray Robinson The Official Site of Sugar Ray Robinson [PAR] Although this charismatic boxer was born Walker Smith Jr., he is best remembered as \"Sugar\" Ray Robinson. Born on May 3, 1921 in Ailey, Georgia, his parents moved the family to New York when Sugar Ray was a teenager to escape the prevalent prejudice in the South. It was there, in a Harlem gym, that he was first introduced to boxing. Sugar Ray visited the gym frequently, using a borrowed Amateur Athletic Union boxing card of a friend. The friend's name, incidentally, was Ray Robinson. [PAR] His natural talent in the ring began to draw attention, and soon crowds gathered to watch Sugar Ray perform. When future coach George Gainford watched him box for the first time, Gainford commented that the young boxer's style and fluid motions were \"sweet as sugar.\" Others agreed, and the nickname stuck. After winning the New York Golden Gloves championship in 1940, 19-year-old Sugar Ray turned pro and never looked back. By 1946, Sugar Ray was the world welterweight champion. His reign included a 91 fight winning-streak. He held the title for five years, and then moved onto acquiring the world middleweight title, which he held five times between 1951-1960. A dominant force in the boxing ring for two decades, Sugar Ray was 38 when he won his last middleweight title. [PAR] In the mid-1960s, Sugar Ray exited the ring gracefully. \"No beefs, George,\" he told his coach. \"Sometimes we got the best of it in the past.\" [PAR] Sugar Ray's record was 128-1-2 with 84 knockouts at the pinnacle of his career. Amazingly, in over 200 fights, Sugar Ray was never physically knocked out (though he did receive one technical KO). Altogether, he amassed 109 KOs, and finished with a record of 175-19-6 with two no-decisions. World champion Muhammad Ali called him \"the king, the master, my idol.\" In 1997, The Ring magazine named Sugar Ray \"pound for pound, the best boxer of all time.\" More recently, in 1999, the Associated Press named him both the greatest welterweight and middleweight boxer of the century.[DOC] [TLE] Walker Smith Jr. on Pinterest | Sugar Ray Robinson, Pound ... 1000+ images about Walker Smith Jr. on Pinterest | Sugar ray robinson, Pound for pound and Boxing [PAR] Sugar Ray Robinson winds up the left hook that will knock out Carl \"Bobo\" Olsen in the fourth round of their middleweight championship fight at Wrigley Field [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Going With The Mo, Decorated Sprint Great Maurice Greene ... Going With The Mo, Decorated Sprint Great Maurice Greene Does It His Way by Dave Hunter - RunBlogRun [PAR] RunBlogRun [PAR] By RBR Admin on September 4, 2013 11:11 AM | 0 Comments [PAR] I have to admit, Mo Greene has always been one of my favorite athletes. In his day, Mo Greene was showman, great sprinter and hugely talented and focused athlete. Now, Mo Greene is media mogul, track coach and Olympic champion. [PAR] Dave Hunter interviewed Mo Greene for RunBlogRun, for which we have this superb read for today, September 4, 2013. Please enjoy! [PAR] Mo Greene, photo courtesy of PhotoRun/IAAF Communications [PAR] Going With The Mo [PAR] Decorated Sprint Great Maurice Greene Does It His Way [PAR] September 1, 2013 [PAR] Usain Bolt isn't the only sprinter who has dominated his era. Remember Maurice Greene? As the 20th century was winding down and the 21st century was dawning, there was no sprinter on the planet who was more feared, more successful, or more decorated than Big Mo. During [PAR] a career which spanned a decade, Greene collected a substantial amount of championship hardware: 4 Olympic medals, including 2 golds [100m and 4x100] from Sydney '00; and 5 golds in world championship competition, including Bolt Slam golds [100m, 200m, and 4x100] in Seville '99. The former world record holder at 100m [9.79], Greene still holds the indoor WR's for 50m [5.56] and 60m [6.39]. No doubt about it. When the chips were on the table, it was a safe bet that Maurice Greene would come up big. [PAR] Some years ago - and as is the case with all track & field performers - Maurice Greene had to face and deal with the approaching twilight of his career as an elite, world-class athlete. For many, this can be a time of quiet trauma. But - from all appearances - it would appear that Maurice Greene is facing and handling this inevitable life change with the poise and light-hearted good nature that marked his illustrious sprinting career, thank you very much. [PAR] In the afterglow of the 14th IAAF World Outdoor Track & Field championships, Maurice Greene was happy to spend some time offering insight on his current activities and his future plans. [PAR] \"I've been working with Eurosport for the last two years - doing commentating and things like that,\" explains the sprint legend as he outlines his recent activities. \"The producers came to me and we kinda developed this show together.\" The emerging show - Greene Light - has been crafted to provide more in-depth insights into elite athletes and their real lives - athletes such as like Allyson Felix and Blanka Vlasic - than could be garnered from programs focused exclusively upon athletic performance. \"I told them earlier that I would rather make the people really get your motor up, rather than just reporting the same thing over and over. So it started that I would go around the country - wherever the athlete is - and visit them. They would show me around and tell me the things they do off the track. And then we get into a little bit of the track stuff.\" And with a smile he adds, \"Here at the world championships, I'm just talking with athletes going over what happened during the day.\" Could a program like Greene Light work in the United States to provide much-needed increased television exposure to track & field? \"I don't know,\" Greene confesses. \"But we need to figure out a way.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com [PAR] American boxer [PAR] Alternative Title: Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. [PAR] Muhammad Ali [PAR] Learn more about this topic [PAR] 1 [PAR] What was Prince\u2019s best-selling album? [PAR] Muhammad Ali, original name Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (born January 17, 1942, Louisville , Kentucky , U.S.\u2014died June 3, 2016, Scottsdale , Arizona), American professional boxer and social activist. Ali was the first fighter to win the world heavyweight championship on three separate occasions; he successfully defended this title 19 times. [PAR] Muhammad Ali (right) fighting Ernie Terrell, 1967. [PAR] UPI/Bettmann Archive [PAR] An overview of Muhammad Ali\u2019s life and career. [PAR] \u00a9 CCTV America (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., grew up in the American South in a time of segregated public facilities. His father, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr., supported a wife and two sons by painting billboards and signs. His mother, Odessa Grady Clay, worked as a household domestic. [PAR] When Clay was 12 years old, he took up boxing under the tutelage of Louisville policeman Joe Martin. After advancing through the amateur ranks, he won a gold medal in the 175-pound division at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome and began a professional career under the guidance of the Louisville Sponsoring Group, a syndicate composed of 11 wealthy white men. [PAR] In his early bouts as a professional, Clay was more highly regarded for his charm and personality than for his ring skills. He sought to raise public interest in his fights by reading childlike poetry and spouting self-descriptive phrases such as \u201cfloat like a butterfly, sting like a bee.\u201d He told the world that he was \u201cthe Greatest,\u201d but the hard realities of boxing seemed to indicate otherwise. Clay infuriated devotees of the sport as much as he impressed them. He held his hands unconventionally low, backed away from punches rather than bobbing and weaving out of danger, and appeared to lack true knockout power. The opponents he was besting were a mixture of veterans who were long past their prime and fighters who had never been more than mediocre . Thus, purists cringed when Clay predicted the round in which he intended to knock out an opponent, and they grimaced when he did so and bragged about each new conquest. [PAR] Overview of Muhammad Ali\u2019s life and career. [PAR] Contunico \u00a9 ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz [PAR] On February 25, 1964, Clay challenged Sonny Liston for the heavyweight championship of the world. Liston was widely regarded as the most intimidating, powerful fighter of his era. Clay was a decided underdog. But in one of the most stunning upsets in sports history, Liston retired to his corner after six rounds, and Clay became the new champion. Two days later Clay shocked the boxing establishment again by announcing that he had accepted the teachings of the Nation of Islam . On March 6, 1964, he took the name Muhammad Ali, which was given to him by his spiritual mentor, Elijah Muhammad . [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Big Radio Burst from Tiny Galaxy [PAR] For the next three years, Ali dominated boxing as thoroughly and magnificently as any fighter ever had. In a May 25, 1965, rematch against Liston, he emerged with a first-round knockout victory. Triumphs over Floyd Patterson , George Chuvalo , Henry Cooper, Brian London , and Karl Mildenberger followed. On November 14, 1966, Ali fought Cleveland Williams. Over the course of three rounds, Ali landed more than 100 punches, scored four knockdowns, and was hit a total of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Name: Peter Nicol - Squash Player Peter Nicol [PAR] Peter Nicol [PAR] Date of Birth: 5 April 1973 [PAR] Height: 5' 11\" (180 cm) [PAR] Place of Birth: Inverurie, Scotland [PAR] Place of Residence: London [PAR] Current World Ranking (Feb 05): 4 [PAR] Highest World Ranking (Feb 98): 1 [PAR] National Ranking: 2 [PAR] Peter Nicol on SquashPics.com [PAR] Peter Nicol has enjoyed an illustrious squash career, achieving three ambitions he set himself some years ago - winning the British Open, reaching world No1, and becoming world champion. [PAR] In March 2001, he made headline news around the world when he announced that he was \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddefecting\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd from his Scottish country of birth to become English! [PAR] Nicol\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds rise through the world squash rankings was little short of meteoric: He made his debut at 266 in January 1992. He raced to 52 by the following January, then rose to 14 twelve months later, moving into the top five by November of the same year, before hitting the No1 position in February 1998. [PAR] Born in Inverurie, near Aberdeen in Scotland, the left-hander won his first PSA Tour title in 1992. By September 1994, he was competing in his first Super Series final - the Hong Kong Open, in which he lost to world No1 Jansher Khan. [PAR] It was in February 1998 that he became the first Briton ever to reach No1 in the PSA world rankings \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd thereby deposing his long-time rival Jansher Khan, who had held the position for an almost unbroken period of ten years. [PAR] As world No1, Nicol was top seed for the 1998 British Open for the first time. He cruised through to the final without dropping a game, then triumphantly beat Jansher in the final. Nicol achieved this historic success on his 25th birthday, trouncing Pakistan\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds six-times defending champion in straight games in front of a packed auditorium at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham to become the first Briton for 25 years to win the prestigious British Open title. [PAR] In the men's final of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia in September 1998 - squash's triumphant debut in this prestigious multi-sport event - Nicol beat his long-time adversary Jonathon Power to take the first ever squash gold medal in a match screened live on TV in Britain and many countries around the world. [PAR] In September 1999, Nicol fulfilled his last remaining key goal in squash: It was his third successive appearance in the final, but on the famous open-air court erected on the desert sands by the Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, Nicol crushed local hero Ahmed Barada 15-9 15-13 15-11 to become World Open champion for the first time. [PAR] In the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England, in July, Peter was seeded to become the first athlete to retain his singles gold medal - for a different country. He reached the final without dropping a game, but fell Power in the final, in four games, in his fourth successive loss to the Canadian in the year. [PAR] Nicol went on to partner Lee Beachill to gold medal success in the Men\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Doubles \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd becoming the only person to win gold medals both in 1998 and 2002, and one of only two (with England\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Cassie Jackman) to win two medals in each Games. [PAR] By his remarkable standards, 2003 was not Nicol\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds best year on the PSA Tour. Despite winning the Tournament of Champions, US Open and Canadian Open, and reaching the final of the British Open, the former Scot ended his two-year unbroken reign as world No1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Round the World: at 75 Sir Robin Knox-Johnston is set to ... Round the World: at 75 Sir Robin Knox-Johnston is set to sail solo again - Telegraph [PAR] Sailing [PAR] Round the World: at 75 Sir Robin Knox-Johnston is set to sail solo again [PAR] The 75-year-old founder of the Clipper Round the World Yacht Races is to sail solo across the Atlantic 45 years after becoming the first man to sail non-stop round the world [PAR] Sir Robin Knox-Johnston, 75, at Endeavour Quay in Gosport, Hampshire, after he announced that he is to enter his Open 60 yacht Grey Power in the solo Route du Rhum competition Photo: Steve Parsons/PA [PAR] Follow [PAR] Sir Robin Knox-Johnston is to attempt to sail solo across the Atlantic 45 years after he became the first man to sail alone non-stop around the world. [PAR] Sir Robin, who founded the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race, is to return to his solo ocean-racing roots by entering his Open 60 yacht Grey Power into the Route de Rhum Transatlantic race. [PAR] Sir Robin Knox-Johnson in 2006 (Andrew Crowley) [PAR] The pensioner, who is the oldest participant to have entered so far, last competed in the 3,500-mile race in 1982 in his 70ft catamaran Olympus. [PAR] He said: ''Participating in the 2013 Rolex Sydney to Hobart Race reminded me how much I enjoy the excitement of an ocean race. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Knox-Johnston to sail Sydney-Hobart [PAR] 21 Oct 2013 [PAR] ''Solo sailing is where I feel most at home, no one else can benefit you or let you down, it is all in my hands. The Route de Rhum is one of the classics - it is a very well-run race. [PAR] \u201cRacing is exciting because it is tactical. The tactics are the weather. You have got to read it right and you have got to sail your boat really hard. It\u2019s really such a buzz.\u201d [PAR] Robin Knox-Johnson sails his yacht Suhaili into the English Channel in April 1969 at the end of his non-stop round the world race (AFP/Getty Images) [PAR] Sir Robin has no concerns about the race, which he expects will take two weeks and will see him get no more than one hour\u2019s sleep at a time. [PAR] He criticises the notion that \u201conce you have passed the retirement age of 65 the next day your brain turns to porridge and you have a heart attack every time you come up the stairs.\u201d [PAR] And he insists he will not be coming out of retirement as he never retired from the sport, doing his best to keep active. [PAR] He said while a lot of the other 80 competitors are likely to be stronger and younger he has his experience and enthusiasm on his side. [PAR] Sir Robin, who founded the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race, will compete on his own Open 60 Yacht, Grey Power. He will start training when the 40,000 mile race finishes in July. [PAR] Sailing will allow him to train his muscles but he says mental preparation is vital. [PAR] \u201cThere may be gales at the start and I convince myself that the other competitors won\u2019t like that and I will do better. It\u2019s a psychological thing,\u201d he added. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s the question of getting to the point where you do everything automatically. You will be tired so you keep practising all the systems you will be doing.\u201d [PAR] The grandfather of five set his circumnavigation record when he completed the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race on April 22,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Warren Beatty - Biography - IMDb Warren Beatty - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Warren Beatty [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 119 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (84) | Personal Quotes (17) | Salary (9) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Since starring in his first film, Splendor in the Grass (1961), Warren Beatty has been said to have demonstrated a greater longevity in movies than any actor of his generation. Few people have taken so many responsibilities for all phases of the production of films as producer, director, writer, and actor, and few have evidenced so high a level of integrity in a body of work. [PAR] In Rules Don't Apply (2016), he writes, produces, directs and stars in. Only Beatty and Orson Welles (Citizen Kane) have been nominated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as an actor, a director, a writer, and a producer for the same film. Beatty is the only person ever to have done it twice, for Heaven Can Wait (1978) and again for Reds (1981). Beatty has been nominated 15 times by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, and 8 films he has produced have earned 53 Academy nominations. In 1982 he won the Academy Award for Directing and in 2000 was given the Academy's highest honor, the Irving G. Thalberg Award. [PAR] He was awarded Best Director from the Directors Guild of America and Best Writer three times from the Writers Guild of America. He has received the Milestone Award from the Producers Guild, the Board of Governors Award from the American Society of Cinematographers, the Directors Award from the Costume Designers Guild, the Life Achievement Award from the Publicists Guild, and the Outstanding Contribution to Cinematic Imagery Award from the Art Directors Guild. The National Association of Theater Owners has honored him as Director of the Year, as Producer of the Year and as Actor of the Year. [PAR] He has won 16 awards from the New York and Los Angeles Film Critics, the National Board of Review, and the Golden Globes. In 1992, he was made a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in France; in Italy he received the David di Donatello award in 1968 and again in 1981 and its Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998; in 2001, he received the Donostia Lifetime Achievement Award from the San Sebastian International Film Festival; in 2002, he received the British Academy Fellowship from BAFTA; and in 2011, he was awarded the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film. [PAR] In December 2004, Beatty received The Kennedy Center Honor in Washington, D.C. In addition, he is the recipient of the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award, the HFPA Cecile B. DeMille Award and many others. Politically active since the 1960's, Beatty campaigned with Robert F. Kennedy in his 1968 presidential campaign. That same year he traveled throughout the United States speaking in favor of gun control and against the war in Vietnam. In 1972 he took a year off from motion pictures to campaign with George McGovern. [PAR] In 1981, Beatty was a founding board member of the Center for National Policy. He is a founding member of The Progressive Majority, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and has participated in the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland. [PAR] Beatty serves on the Board of Directors of the Motion Picture and Television Fund Foundation. He previously served on the Board of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billy Crystal - Biography - IMDb Billy Crystal - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Billy Crystal [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 51 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (38) | Personal Quotes (5) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Billy Crystal was born on March 14, 1948 in Long Beach, Long Island, New York. He is the youngest of three sons born to Helen (Gabler) and Jack Crystal. His father was a well-known concert promoter who co-founded Commodore Records and his mother was a homemaker. His family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, Austria, and Lithuania. With his father in the music business, Billy was no stranger to some of the top performers of the time. Legends such as Billie Holiday , Pee Wee Russell , and Eddie Condon regularly stopped by the Crystal household. At age 15, Billy faced a personal tragedy when his father died of a heart attack at the relatively young age of 54. This gave Billy a real appreciation of what his dad was able to accomplish while alive and what his mother did to keep the family together. Despite this tragedy, Billy was very upbeat and likable as a kid. He had a unique talent for making people laugh. With television becoming a new medium, Billy got his influence from shows like The Honeymooners (1955), and \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" and performers like Alan King , Ernie Kovacs and Jonathan Winters . He started doing stand-up comedy at the age of 16. However, his real dream was to be a professional baseball player. His idol growing up was Yankees outfielder Mickey Mantle . He spent long hours in the summers playing softball in the middle of Park Avenue with his brothers and his father, a former pitcher at St. John's University . At Long Beach High, Billy played second base and was varsity captain in his senior year. This earned him a baseball scholarship from Marshall University in West Virginia which he accepted. However, he would never end up playing a game as the baseball program was suspended during his freshman year. This would lead him to leave the university and move back to New York. He then enrolled at nearby Nassau Community College, majoring in theater. It was there that he met and fell in love with a dancer named Janice Goldfinger. They would get married in 1970 and have two daughters. Shortly after, Billy got accepted in New York University, where he majored in Film and TV Direction. While at NYU, he studied under legendary filmmaker Martin Scorsese . He also worked as house manager and usher on a production of \"You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown\". After receiving a Bachelor of Fine Arts from NYU in 1970, Billy temporarily worked as a substitute teacher until he was able to get gigs as a stand-up comic. He formed his own improv group, 3's Company, and opened for musicians like Barry Manilow . His impression of Howard Cosell interviewing Muhammad Ali became a huge hit with the audience. He left Long Beach for Hollywood in August of 1976 in the hopes of trying to land a role on a television series. It only took a year before he got his big break when he was chosen for the role of gay character Jodie Dallas on the controversial ABC sitcom Soap (1977). This would be the first time that an American TV show would feature an openly gay character as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FootballNation.com | Article FootballNation.com | Article [PAR] Jim Brown's lost 1,000-yard season [PAR] Posted on 8/1/2012 1:38:42 AM [PAR] By Kerry Byrne FN In-House Expert [PAR] By Kerry J. Byrne [PAR] Cold, Hard Football Facts Browns-shirted thug [PAR] Jim Brown was the most dominant running back in the history of football and one of the great athletes in the annals of American sport. [PAR] [PAR] Brown owned the college gridiron as a two-way star at Syracuse and then with the Cleveland Browns he dramatically rewrote the standards by which pro football running backs are measured. His numbers stand the test of time a half-century later. [PAR] In Brown\u2019s spare time he was a lacrosse Hall of Famer, a pro basketball draftee and an Olympic-qualifying decathlete. [PAR] [PAR] But even a player of his stature may have been denied an incredible historic milestone by NFL stat keepers. [PAR] [PAR] At least that\u2019s the argument made by football analyst Brian Marshall of Toronto. He is a member of the Pro Football Researchers Assocation and the author of the 1995 book, \u201cJim Brown: A Statistical Presentation of His College and Pro Football Careers.\u201d We met Marshall in June at NFL Films , where he made a presentation about Brown's lost 1,000-yard season. [PAR] [PAR] Brown, says Marshall, was mistakenly denied a 1,000-yard season in 1962 \u2013 a milestone which would further cement Brown\u2019s reputation as the greatest running back of all time. [PAR] [PAR] Official NFL stats say that Brown ran for 996 yards in 1962. But those numbers conflict with data found in game-by-game reports kept by the Cleveland Browns organization and shared with Marshall for his research. [PAR] Brown\u2019s \u201cofficial\u201d 1962 numbers: 230 attempts, 996 yards, 4.33 YPA, 13 TD [PAR] Brown\u2019s gamebook 1962 numbers: 231 attempts, 1,011 yards, 4.38 YPA, 13 TD [PAR] The record books say that Brown topped 1,000 yards seven times in his nine-year career. But in reality, he topped 1,000 yards eight times in nine years, including eight years in a row: a record that should have stood for more than three decades. [PAR] [PAR] They are stunning numbers. Keep in mind, only five runners in NFL history had topped 1,000 yards in a season before Brown arrived on the scene in 1957 and re-invented the standards of pro football. [PAR] The NFL's only 1,000-yard rushers before Brown made it an every-year habit were Beattie Feathers (1934), Steve Van Buren (1947,1949), Tony Canadeo (1949), Joe Perry (1953, 1954) and Rick Casares (1956). [PAR] Put another, NFL fans witnessed seven 1,000-yard seasons from 1920 to 1956. Jim Brown matched those seven 1,000-yard seasons all by his lonesome in the space of nine years (1957-1965). In fact, he actually surpassed those seven 1,000-yard seasons. [PAR] [PAR] Jim Brown\u2019s second-rate season [PAR] Brown\u2019s 1962 season leaps off the record books as a vastly under-performing down year by his lofty standards. [PAR] [PAR] He rushed for just 996 yards and averaged 71.1 yards per game, far below the standards of his career. Even if you use the higher numbers in question, Brown averaged just 72.2 yards per game. In either case, it was the worst season of his career. [PAR] [PAR] The 1962 season is, in fact, the only one in which Brown failed to lead the NFL in rushing. [PAR] [PAR] There is a good reason for the sub-par performance, says Marshall. Brown injured his left wrist in Week 4 game against the Cowboys. It was a problem because Brown normally carried the ball in his left hand. The powerful man used his stronger right arm to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muhammad Ali Rumble in the Jungle Win: How He Beat George ... Muhammad Ali Rumble in the Jungle Win: How He Beat George Foreman [PAR] Illustration for TIME by Robert Handeville An illustration from TIME's Sept. 23, 1974, fight preview [PAR] The historic fight took place 40 years ago, on Oct. 30, 1974 [PAR] When TIME sent Nairobi Bureau Chief Lee Griggs to Kinshasa in 1974 to preview the Oct. 30 boxing match that became known as \u201cThe Rumble in the Jungle,\u201d it seemed clear that the winning money was not on the favorite. The bout between reigning champion George Foreman and Muhammad Ali, who had previously lost the title after refusing to be drafted into the military, came with the biggest purse in sports history. Both boxers were guaranteed at least $5 million but \u2014 though boxing fans worldwide, and especially in the country then called Zaire, were rooting hard for Ali \u2014 it seemed clear that Foreman would be the one going home with the title. He was younger and strong and on a winning streak. He would back Ali into the ropes, where the older boxer\u2019s footwork would do no good. TIME\u2019s sports editor Philip Taubman predicted that the result would be Foreman in six. [PAR] When the fight actually went down \u2014 40 years ago Thursday, after a delay of about a month from its originally planned September date \u2014 that did not happen. Though Foreman went after Ali just as predicted, the results were far from what had been expected. [PAR] Here\u2019s what did happen, as TIME reported in the Nov. 11, 1974, issue: [PAR] Then, in the second round, the bee unexpectedly threw away the tactics of his entire career. Off his toes and seemingly off his rocker, Ali stood along the ropes, exactly where Foreman wants an opponent to be. Indeed, with his customary authority, Foreman started pounding punches against Ali\u2019s midsection. Some of Foreman\u2019s blows glanced off Ali\u2019s arms and gloves, and none hit Ali\u2019s face, but it seemed to be only a matter of time before Ali\u2019s belly would turn to pulp. [PAR] Astonishingly, Ali seemed hardly concerned. As the fiercest puncher since Sonny Liston whaled away, Ali shouted taunts at Foreman. \u201cYou can\u2019t hurt me!\u201d Ali yelled. \u201cYou punch like a sissy.\u201d Soon it became clear that Ali had constructed a trap. All summer and fall he had been developing granite abdominal muscles with a grueling regimen of calisthenics, spending an hour every morning hardening his gut by doing sit-ups with his legs held up at a 45 degree angle or while his limbs were pumping back and forth in a bicycle-pedaling motion. Now he was simply letting Foreman punch himself out against that iron flesh. \u201cI wanted to make him shoot his best shots,\u201d said Ali later. [PAR] That is precisely what Foreman did. In the sultry tropical night (the temperature was 86\u00b0 and the humidity about 90%), Foreman\u2019s punches soon lost power. Arm weary, he began to swing wildly, frequently missing entirely, spinning around on his own momentum like a worn-out drunk. Ali took advantage of Foreman\u2019s slack defense by springing off the ropes time after time to jolt the bone-tired champ with lightning combinations to the head. [PAR] By giving up on the \u201cfloating like a butterfly\u201d that had made his career, Muhammad Ali won the match in the eighth round. [PAR] Read TIME\u2019s run-up to the \u2018Rumble in the Jungle\u2019 here, in the archives: Violent Coronation in Kinshasa"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hank Aaron Biography - ESPN Hank Aaron Biography - ESPN [PAR] Hank Aaron Biography [PAR] Legacy [PAR] Henry Louis \"Hank\" Aaron is a former Major League Baseball player who retired as the all-time leader in career home runs after playing from 1954 to 1976 with the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves and the Milwaukee Brewers. Over that period he collected more RBI and more extra base hits than anyone in history. For 21 straight years he was named an All-Star and for 20 consecutive years he slugged at least 20 home runs or more. Fourteen times he hit over .300 in a major league season and eight times he hit 40 home runs or more. On April 8, 1974, he conquered Babe Ruth and one of the most hallowed records in sports by knocking his 715th home run. He ended his career with a .305 batting average, 755 home runs, 3,771 hits, 2,297 RBI, three Gold Gloves, a World Series championship and an MVP award. Aaron's home run record has since been broken by Barry Bonds, but he remains one of just three members of the 700-home run club. [PAR] Early Years [PAR] Henry Louis Aaron was born February 5, 1934, in Down the Bay (a section of Mobile), Alabama. He was the third child of Estella and Herbert Aaron. When the family welcomed three more children into the family they were forced to relocate to a bigger home in Toulminville. While the home lacked electricity, windows and indoor plumbing, the rural area allowed the family to live off the land. Hank had jobs such as mowing lawns, picking potatoes and delivering ice. Hank's love for the game came from watching his father's local team, formed out of the tavern he opened next to the family home -- the Black Cat Inn. His uncle Bubba also taught him the intricacies of the game. Hank played with the local kids in the wide open fields of Toulminville, but, because baseballs were too expensive, Hank fashioned his own out of nylon panty hose wrapped around golf balls. [PAR] Throughout his grade school years Aaron didn't play in organized ball. Segregation was rampant and only white students had high school baseball teams, so Aaron played on a fast-pitch softball team. He did however, play for the school's football team and was named to the all-city squad. Fearing he might hurt himself playing football and jeopardize his baseball dreams, he quit the team and sacrificed his chances at a college scholarship. After informing the school of his decision he was chased down the hallway by a cane-waving principal. In his junior year he was expelled after repeatedly skipping class to listen to the Dodgers games and the exploits of their young second baseman of Jackie Robinson. The following fall he enrolled at the Josephine Allen Institute. [PAR] Playing with locals at Carver Park, Aaron was noticed by Ed Scott, a manager of the Mobile Black Bears -- an all-black semipro team who promptly brought Aaron in. As a shortstop for the Black Bears, Aaron showed so much promise that Scott contacted his friend McKinley \"Bunny\" Downs of the Negro American League's Indianapolis Clowns. After Aaron turned 18 he was given a contract by the Clowns. On the Clowns, Hank revealed himself as such a serious prospect that Clowns owner Syd Pollock contacted the minor league director of the Boston Braves, knowing that he could get serious money for such a talent. [PAR] On May 25, Braves scout Dewey Griggs showed up to a doubleheader against the Memphis Red Sox in Buffalo, New York. In Griggs'"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hideo Nomo Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac Hideo Nomo Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac [PAR] Support [PAR] Hideo Nomo Stats [PAR] Hideo Nomo was born on Saturday, August 31, 1968, in Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan. Nomo was 26 years old when he broke into the big leagues on May 2, 1995, with the Los Angeles Dodgers. His biographical data, year-by-year hitting stats, fielding stats, pitching stats (where applicable), career totals, uniform numbers, salary data and miscellaneous items-of-interest are presented by Baseball Almanac on this comprehensive Hideo Nomo baseball stats page. [PAR] \"Do you have a favorite quote from or about this particular player that you would like to see here? If so, please visit the Contact option on the menu above this line, send it to us, and we'll update this page\" - Baseball Almanac [PAR] Please Sponsor This Online Baseball Card [PAR] Baseball Almanac started in 1999. Today, we have more than 500,000 pages of baseball history. More than 1.5 million baseball facts! EVERY DAY we update more than 600 pages, add a few more, and never stop preserving baseball history. [PAR] How can you help us? Simply click the PayPal button below, INCLUDE any player's name along with a message, and we will email you back (usually within 24 hours): [PAR] Hideo Nomo [PAR] Useful Tools: Glossary | Print Friendly [PAR] Hideo Nomo was the fifth player from Japan to play Major League Baseball, joining, Masanori Murakami (1964), Bobby Fenwick (1972), Steve Chitren (1990) and Jim Bowie (1994); however, when The Tornado was sent to the 1995 All-Star Game , he became the first Japanese -born player to appear in a Midsummer Classic . [PAR] On September 17, 1996 , Hideo Nomo threw his first of two career no-hitter, the first in Major League history by a twirler from Japan, and arguably more incredibly, the first in Coors Field (and through today the only no-no in Denver) - the most hitter-friendly park in Major League Baseball! [PAR] On April 4, 2001 , Hideo Nomo threw his second no-hitter, this time in a Boston Red Sox uniform (his first was with the Los Angeles Dodgers ), making The Tornado the fourth pitcher to throw a no-hitter in both leagues, joining Ed McFarland , Jim Bunning , and Nolan Ryan . [PAR] If you find this type of \"free\" data useful please consider making a donation to Baseball Almanac : a privately run / non-commercial site in need of financial assistance.[DOC] [TLE] On a rainy day in Denver, Hideo Nomo\u2019s no-hitter a fond ... On a rainy day in Denver, Hideo Nomo\u2019s no-hitter a fond memory for Dodgers bench coach [PAR] Dodgers [PAR] On a rainy day in Denver, Hideo Nomo\u2019s no-hitter a fond memory for Dodgers bench coach [PAR] Los Angeles Dodgers bench coach Tim Wallach hits infield practice prior to a baseball game against the Los Angeles Angels at Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, Calif., on Thursday, Aug. 7, 2014. \u00ac (Photo by Keith Birmingham/ Pasadena Star-News) \u00ac [PAR] By JP Hoornstra , Inland Valley Daily Bulletin [PAR] Posted: [PAR] # Comments [PAR] DENVER >> While others were grousing about the weekend weather at Coors Field on Friday, Dodgers bench coach Tim Wallach was jogging his memory to Sept. 17, 1996. [PAR] \u201cThe weather was a little like it was tonight,\u201d said Wallach, who was the Dodgers\u2019 third baseman that night. \u201cCold. Rainy.\u201d [PAR] The Colorado Rockies weren\u2019t hitting the ball very far that night against the Dodgers. Actually, they weren\u2019t getting any hits at all. Dodgers pitcher Hideo Nomo threw the only no-hitter in Coors Field\u2019s 20-year"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Athletics Weekly | Geoff Capes, the ultimate big shot ... by Athletics Weekly December 18, 2015 [PAR] Ruth Jones tracks down the shot put and strongman legend, Geoff Capes [PAR] For many people, the name Geoff Capes will always conjure up the image of an almost superhuman figure, putting a shot to ever greater distances on the global stage before transforming himself into a multi-award winning professional World\u2019s Strongest Man. [PAR] The three-time Olympian, who went into the 1976 Montreal and 1980 Moscow Games the favourite for the gold with world-leading throws of 21.55m and 21.68m respectively, only to leave empty handed, dominated the sport for more than a decade. [PAR] His throwing success had humble beginnings, though, as he learnt how to lift when working on the Lincolnshire farming fens alongside his father and eight siblings where he grew up, before combining a police career with his athletics triumphs, followed by another decade of success as a professional strong man in the 1980s. [PAR] He was already familiar with success before he started dominating the shot put arena, as in 1977 he was awarded the Queen\u2019s Jubilee medal for services to the community in his capacity as a policeman. [PAR] However, Capes feels he missed out on an even greater honour because of his strong principles. [PAR] \u201cI think I might possibly be the only athlete to win so many athletics awards, and be world champion in three different sports, not to be awarded an MBE, but I am sure it is due to the fact I took a stand against Margaret Thatcher in 1980 to enable athletes to compete in Moscow, in so sacrificing my police career.\u201d [PAR] The 66-year-old former UK shot put record-holder, who still stands at second on the all time rankings behind Carl Myerscough\u2019s 21.92m, is now a successful shot put coach, guiding a number of young athletes to national and international glory. [PAR] Drawing on his vast international competition experience \u2013 Capes is the most capped GB athlete of all time, with 35 wins from 67 appearances \u2013 the six time Highland Games champion and former world record-holder has helped a stream of throwers to develop into major championship performers. [PAR] The man once voted Britain\u2019s best ever field athlete is now based in Stoke Rochford, near Grantham, where he lives with his partner, Kashi, and scores of prize budgerigars. A passion for breeding the small birds has seen him crowned the society\u2019s president, as well as winning the world showing title, during his 30 year-long fascination with the creatures. [PAR] When he\u2019s not in his aviary, fishing, or spending time with his family, Capes can be found at Rhino\u2019s Gym in Stamford guiding his athletes\u2019 strength and conditioning programmes, or at Stoke Rochfold Hall\u2019s throwing facility, where he coaches a group of rising shot put stars, including the current under-15 record holder and English Schools champion, Nene Valley Harrier Hannah Molyneaux. [PAR] The 1986 UK truck pulling champion said of his young charges: \u201cI have many up and coming bright prospects, with Hannah one in particular to watch for the future, at national and international level. It\u2019s a great coaching set up at Stoke Rochford, with one of the best settings in the UK, and was built by the athletes, for the athletes I coach.\u201d [PAR] Capes has also developed the Lincolnshire Throws Academy for shot and discus in Holbeach, and his coaching protege and assistant, Paul Wilson, has gone on to guide Scott Lincoln to the number one spot in the national senior ranks, along with numerous other successes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marcelo R\u00edos (Tennis Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Marcelo R\u00c3\u00ados (Tennis Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Marcelo R\u00c3\u00ados [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Dec 26, 1975 [PAR] Marcelo Andr\u00c3\u00a9s R\u00c3\u00ados Mayorga is a former World No. 1 tennis player from Chile. Nicknamed El Chino (\"The Chinese\") and El zurdo de Vitacura (\"Vitacura's Lefty\"), he became the first Latin American player to reach the top position on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles rankings in 1998. He held the World No. 1 ranking for six weeks. He has held the top ranking in both juniors and seniors.\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Murray Hungry To Keep On Improving, Says Gilbert [PAR] Yahoo News - Nov 05, 2016 [PAR] 'By Martyn Herman LONDON (Reuters) - Only 26 men have scaled the top of the ATP world tennis rankings but for some of them it has been such a fleeting experience that their names have been reduced to obscure pub quiz questions. How many outside the tennis fraternity remember Chilean Marcelo Rios, Austria\\'s Thomas Muster or even Australian Pat Rafter, the former U.S. Open champion who achieved the feat for one week in 1999? Triple grand slam champion Andy Murray is the latest to add his name ... [PAR] Former No. 1 Rios Asks For Doping Check Of Korda From 1998 [PAR] Yahoo News - Mar 05, 2015 [PAR] 'SANTIAGO, Chile (AP) \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Chile officials will back a request by former world No. 1 Marcelo Rios to have the International Tennis Federation investigate whether Petr Korda committed a doping violation in the 1998 Australian Open.' [PAR] Us Open: Fish D. Kamke Tennis Magazine (Blog) [PAR] Google News - Aug 29, 2011 [PAR] 'Kamke has a habit of leaping into his two-handed backhand, a move popularized by Marcelo Rios and Marat Safin, but the 25-year-old\u00e2\u0080\u0094playing his second main draw match in Flushing Meadows\u00e2\u0080\u0094lacked the firepower to trouble Fish. After Fish held at love' [PAR] Getting To Know: Frank 'seldom' Beaton The Hockey News [PAR] Google News - Aug 28, 2011 [PAR] 'John Brophy. Fred Shero. Fred Creighton.&quot; Mark &#39;Scoop&#39; Malinowski&#39;s second book &quot;Marcelo Rios: The Man We Barely Knew&quot; will be available on www.amazon.com in September. Malinowski is the creator of two websites: www.thebiofile.com and www.tennis-prose.com' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Marcelo R\u00c3\u00ados. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1975 Birth Born on December 26, 1975. [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1993 17 Years Old R\u00c3\u00ados reached the semifinals of the junior French Open in 1993 without dropping a set, where he was defeated by Roberto Carretero-Diaz in straight sets, and won the junior US Open in 1993 while only dropping 1 set during the entire tournament. \u2026 Read More [PAR] He also won his first satellite tournament in Chile.<br /><br /> This was R\u00c3\u00ados' first year being a professional player and he quickly began to acquire international fame after his participation at Roland Garros, where in the second round, at just 18 years of age, he confronted Pete Sampras, fighting a hard battle eventually to lose 6\u00e2\u0080\u00937(5\u00e2\u0080\u00937), 6\u00e2\u0080\u00937(4\u00e2\u0080\u00937), 4\u00e2\u0080\u00936. His great left-handed ability, plus his novel long hair and backwards visor, drew the attention of the media, marking his first step towards international stardom. The same year he won his first Challenger in Dresden, Germany. Read Less [PAR] 1995 19 Years Old In May 1995, aged 19, R\u00c3\u00ados won his first tournament title in Bologna defeating Marcelo Filippini of Uruguay 6\u00e2\u0080\u00932, 6\u00e2\u0080\u00934, and breaking into the world's top fifty for the first time. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Then in June he won at Amsterdam in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Rumble in the Jungle - Ali vs. Foreman 1974 ... Amazon.com: Rumble in the Jungle - Ali vs. Foreman 1974 [VHS]: Muhammad Ali, George Foreman, Marv Albert, Ferdie Pacheco: Movies & TV [PAR] By pjd on June 7, 2011 [PAR] Format: VHS Tape Verified Purchase [PAR] Rumble In The Jungle -Ali vs Foreman 1974 VHS was a gift for my hubby.He had an old one and it got borrowed and was lost.Woes from my hubby had me scrambling to find a replacement. This was part of a trilogy of Ali fights he owned.He was sure this Rumble was lost to him forever.LOL.(he probably wore the old one out by watching it so much) [PAR] ~~~~~This copy contains so much more than his original.This is definitely a keeper..The Greatest! Thank you Amazon.com...........I know the place to go for any lost items such as this.[DOC] [TLE] Rumble in the Jungle: Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman ... Rumble in the Jungle: Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman | Newsday [PAR] Click here to read or post comments [PAR] (Credit: AP/ Ed Kolenovsky) [PAR] Sweat flies from the head of George Foreman as he takes a right from challenger Muhammad Ali in the seventh round in the match dubbed the \"Rumble in the Jungle\" in Kinshasa, Zaire, on Oct. 30, 1974. [PAR] Rumble in the Jungle: Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman [PAR] Updated [PAR] June 3, 2016 3:19 PM [PAR] By Robert Cassidy robert.cassidy@newsday.com [PAR] Advertise here [PAR] \u201cThe Rumble in the Jungle\u201d took place on Oct. 30, 1974, in Kinshasa, Zaire, now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was one of promoter Don King\u2019s first major fights. He persuaded Ali and Foreman to fight each other \u2014 he had them sign separate, blank contracts \u2014 as long as he could get them $5 million each. Zaire\u2019s president, Mobutu Sese Seko, guaranteed the money so long as the fight took place in his country. [PAR] Foreman had knocked out Joe Frazier in 1973 to claim the heavyweight title. At the time he fought Ali, Foreman was 25 years old with a 40-0 record (37 knockouts). Ali, the 32-year-old former champion, was a prohibitive underdog. [PAR] But during the fight, an odd pattern developed. For large portions of time, Ali leaned back on the ropes and allowed Foreman to punch away at him. While he was clearly giving away the rounds, Ali knew Foreman would get tired. That\u2019s precisely what happened. At the start of the eighth round, Foreman could barely punch. Ali drilled him with a quick combination of punches and Foreman went down. He was counted out and Ali regained the heavyweight title. Ali would call his tactic the \u201cRope-a-Dope.\u201d [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Anonymous) [PAR] Muhammad Ali plants a kiss on cheek of ayoung girl at his N'Sele training camp in Zaire, on Oct. 26, 1974. [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS) [PAR] Muhammad Ali and an official read scales during weighing on Saturday, Oct. 26, 1974 at stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire, for his fight against heavyweight champion George Foreman in Kinshasa on October 30. [PAR] (Credit: AP/ Anonymous) [PAR] Heavyweight champion George Foreman responds to cheers of crowd in stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire Saturday night, October 26, 1974 during weighin for his title defense against Muhammad Ali. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] ADVERTISE HERE [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Ellis) [PAR] Muhammad Ali arrives at the stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire, for his bout with heavyweight champion George Foreman on Oct. 30, 1974. [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS) [PAR] The opening ceremony of the national anthem is shown in Kinshasa Stadium, Zaire, Africa,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many People Can Play Tug Of War? | Wonderopolis How Many People Can Play Tug Of War? | Wonderopolis [PAR] Wonder of the Day #291 [PAR] How Many People Can Play Tug Of War? [PAR] How many people can play tug of war? [PAR] When did tug of war start? [PAR] Do grown-ups still play tug of war? [PAR] Tags: [PAR] Listen [PAR] At summer camps around the United States, kids of all ages square off in a battle of strength that dates back centuries. Is the water balloon toss really that old? No! We're talking about tug of war! [PAR] Tug of war is a sport that pits two teams against each other to test their strength using nothing more than a rope and pure muscle . Although we can't be sure exactly when the first-ever tug of war match took place, we do know that it was a long, long time ago. [PAR] Ancient Chinese texts claim that military commanders used tug of war (then called \u201chook pulling\") to train warriors 7,000 to 10,000 years ago. Archaeologists have also found evidence that tug of war was popular in India in the 12th century. [PAR] There is also evidence that tug of war was common in ancient Egypt. Old Egyptian legend holds that the sun and the moon played tug of war over light and darkness. [PAR] The phrase \u201ctug of war\" didn't always refer to the game we know today, though. The Oxford English Dictionary indicates that \u201ctug of war\" used to mean \u201cthe decisive contest; the real struggle or tussle ; a severe contest for supremacy .\" It wasn't until the 19th century that \u201ctug of war\" became associated with the sport between two teams tugging on the ends of a rope. [PAR] To play tug of war, you really only need a rope \u2014 or anything with opposite ends to tug on \u2014 and at least two people. Of course, the more people involved, the more fun it is. [PAR] The number of people who can play is really only limited by how long the rope is. Serious tug of war contests usually pit two teams of eight players against each other. [PAR] The winning team is the one that pulls the other team past a predetermined point. Often this point is marked on the ground. [PAR] Flags are spaced equally along the rope from the center point. As soon as one team pulls the other team far enough for their flag to cross the line, they win. [PAR] To make things even more fun, there are many variations that can be included. Sometimes teams play tug of war on either side of a small body of water, with the losers getting pulled into the water. Even more fun is playing on either side of a mud pit! [PAR] Tug of war is played in probably every country in the world. Many countries have even set up national governing bodies to oversee the sport. Today, there are more than 50 countries associated with an international tug of war governing body, known as the Tug of War International Federation (TWIF) . [PAR] Although tug of war was included in the Olympic Games from 1900 to 1920, it is no longer an Olympic sport. Tug of war is currently played in the World Games, and the TWIF regularly organizes tug of war world championships. So, yes, even grown-ups still play tug of war! [PAR] Wonder Words (18) [PAR] Test your knowledge [PAR] Wonder What's Next? [PAR] A cup of chai tea may be the perfect"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Melbourne Cup - Australian Horse Racing Industry Portal 2016 Melbourne Cup | 2016 Field, News, Form, Betting & Tips - HorseRacing.com.au [PAR] Ahzeemah [PAR] The 2016 Melbourne Cup is widely regarded as Australia\u2019s major thoroughbred horse race. Held annually on the first Tuesday of November, the Melbourne Cup attracts some of the best horses in the world, all vying for a chance to claim some of the $6.2 million prize money that is offered each year. Known as \u2018the race that stops a nation\u2019, the Melbourne Cup is run over a distance of 3,200 metres and is the richest and most prestigious \u2018two-mile\u2019 handicap in the world. It is also one of the richest turf races worldwide and is the feature race of the Melbourne Cup Carnival. Held at Melbourne\u2019s famed Flemington Racecourse, which is under the operation of the Victorian Racing Club, the cup is a handicap race open to all horses aged three-years-old and above. [PAR] 2nd: Heartbreak City [PAR] 3rd: Hartnell [PAR] The first Melbourne Cup was held in 1861 and was originally run over a distance of 3,218 metres, or two miles. After the introduction of the metric system into Australia in the 1970s, the current distance of 3,200 metres was introduced in 1972. Previous race records, such as 1968 winner Rain Lover\u2019s record time of 3 minutes and 17.9 seconds, were readjusted by two seconds to take into account the longer distance they travelled. The current record holder is Kingston Rule, who won the 1990 Melbourne Cup with a time of 3 minutes and 16.3 seconds. [PAR] Follow all the action with the complete 2016 Melbourne Cup Day Results . [PAR] The minimum handicap weight for a horse running in the Melbourne cup is 49 kilograms and there is no maximum weight. However, the top weight in the field must carry no less than 57 kilograms. The weight that each horse must carry is allocated two months before the race in early September each year by the Victoria racing Club Handicapper. Due to the fact that the Melbourne Cup is a handicap contest the weight given to each horse is adjusted according to a horse\u2019s previous race history, and older horses carry more than younger horses. Weights given to each horse were used in order to attempt to give each horse an equal chance of winning on the day, however, recently rules were adjusted to a \u2018quality handicap\u2019 formula, so that better performing horses are given less harsh weight penalties. [PAR] The Melbourne Cup commands a total entrance fee of $50,805 per horse, and entries often close in the first week of August. Each year approximately 300 to 400 horses are nominated while only 24 make the field as starters. Winning certain races, such as the previous year\u2019s Melbourne Cup, the Cox Plate or the Caulfield Cup, grants a horse automatic entry into the Melbourne Cup and that horse is exempt from the ballot. [PAR] The first ever horse to win the Melbourne Cup was named Archer. Archer also won the second running of the Melbourne Cup and was favourite to win the third before the owner failed to submit the entry form on time and Archer was not allowed to run. Other notable winners of the Melbourne Cup include Carbine in 1890, Night Watch in 1918, Phar Lap in 1930 and Light Fingers in 1965. Makybe Diva is famous for being the first and only horse to win the Melbourne Cup three years in a row from 2003 to 2005. [PAR] Since Vintage Crop took out the 1993 edition of the Melbourne"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Curragh B&B Country House Accommodation, Jul 2016 ... The Curragh B&B Country House Accommodation (Kildare, Ireland) - UPDATED 2016 Reviews - TripAdvisor [PAR] The Curragh B&B Country House Accommodation [PAR] Write a Review [PAR] The Curragh B&B Country House Accommodation [PAR] Show Prices [PAR] Trusted partner. We work with to make your booking as easy as possible. [PAR] Secure payments. We use industry-leading practices to keep your information secure. [PAR] Book on [PAR] Enter dates for best prices [PAR] powered by [PAR] Prices from our online travel partners are not available [PAR] Check In - Check Out [PAR] 1 guest [PAR] 2 guests [PAR] Our online travel partners don't provide prices for this accommodation, but we can search other options in Kildare [PAR] Check In Check Out [PAR] Login for exclusive access to hotel deals up to 40% off [PAR] Login to get best prices [PAR] 23 more photos [PAR] Ages of Children: change Please provide ages [PAR] Child 1 Age [PAR] Rooms & rates for The Curragh B&B Country House Accommodation [PAR] We're finding you the best rooms at the lowest prices from our partner. [PAR] Book on [PAR] Getting you more information on this room [PAR] See More [PAR] Select [PAR] Show available rooms for The Curragh B&B Country House Accommodation [PAR] We\u2019re sorry, there are no available rooms for this property on TripAdvisor. Please change dates or see offers from our partners. [PAR] We\u2019re sorry, there are no available rooms for this property on TripAdvisor. Please change dates or view all Kildare hotels with availability . [PAR] 4 [PAR] Getting you more information on this room [PAR] See More [PAR] Ages of Children: change Please provide ages [PAR] Child 1 Age [PAR] Update Search [PAR] Show Room Prices [PAR] {\"BOOKING_FEATURES\": [\"IB_STREAMLINED_SELECTED_ROOM\",\"IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN_US\",\"IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_INTERRUPTER\",\"IB_ALLOW_LOGGED_IN_USERS_DIFFERENT_EMAIL\",\"IB_SHOW_EMAIL_FOR_INSECURE_LOGIN\",\"IB_ADD_HOTEL_PHOTO_FOR_ROOM\",\"RCMS_INLINE_ROOM_GRID_MAX_OCC\",\"IB_NO_CVV\",\"IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN\",\"IB_UPPER_RIGHT_LOGIN\",\"IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS\",\"IB_IRG_MATCH_META\",\"MOB_BOOKING_EMAIL_AGREE_HIDE\",\"CHILDREN_SEARCH\",\"IB_EXPRESS_BOOK\",\"IB_DW_INLINE_PASSWORD\",\"HR_IB_EXCLUDE_TAXES_AND_FEES\",\"IB_DW_CCNAME_WITH_AUTOCOMPLETE\",\"IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS_MOBILE\",\"IB_BOOKNOW_CLEAN_WITH_ICON_SHORT_BTN\",\"STORED_CARDS\",\"IB_POST_BOOK_LOGIN_CTA\",\"IB_PRICE_WINS_COPY\",\"IB_DW_PROMPT_KNOWN_EMAIL\",\"IB_PRICES_OUTSIDE_ROOM_BUTTON\",\"IB_EXIT_INTERRUPTER\",\"IB_SMS_CONFIRMATION\",\"IB_SHOW_AMENITIES_AS_ICONS\",\"IB_NEW_REG_FLOW\",\"META_AIR\",\"IB_REVIEW_BOOKING_BUTTON\",\"IB_INLINE_ROOM_GRID\",\"IBEX_HIGH_EQUITY_BRANDING\",\"IB_PRICE_WINS_POST_TX\",\"IB_KIPLINGER_AWARD\",\"IB_URGENCY_BLOCK\",\"IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_POST_BOOK\"] , \"IMPRESSION_KEY\": \"bcceaf8b440e445f89ab38535e001ef8\", \"roomSelectionModel\": null, \"ibAvailability\": false, \"metaAvailability\": false, \"numHacTries\": -1, \"checkIn\": null, \"checkOut\": null, \"lowestPrice\": null, \"hasDates\": null, \"hacComplete\": false, \"contentIdMappings\": {}, \"pollingEnabled\": false, \"preventScroll\": false, \"offerClickToken\": null, \"conditionalUpdate\": false, \"divClasses\": \"ppr_rup ppr_priv_ibex_inline_room_grid_slim\", \"singlePartnerRoomGridWidget\": {\"widget\":{\"name\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim\",\"moduleList\":[\"handlers\",\"tracking\"],\"divClasses\":\"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid_slim\",\"js\":{\"handlers\":\"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))\",\"tracking\":\"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'tracking'))\"},\"template\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim__widget\",\"dust\":{\"amenities\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim__amenities\",\"bed_config\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim__bed_config\",\"condition_col\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim__condition_col\",\"price_text\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim__price_text\",\"row\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim__row\",\"reservation_col\":\"ibex_room_grid_slim__reservation_col\"}},\"scriptFlags\":null,\"containerClass\":null}, \"multiPartnerRoomGridWidget\": null, \"mismatchMessage\": {\"widget\":{\"name\":\"ibex_mismatch_message\",\"moduleList\":[\"handler\"],\"divClasses\":\"prw_rup prw_ibex_mismatch_message\",\"js\":{\"handler\":\"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handler'))\"},\"template\":\"ibex_mismatch_message__widget\",\"dust\":{}},\"scriptFlags\":null,\"containerClass\":null}, \"maxRoomsToShow\": 300, \"isTablet\": false, \"deviceInfo\": \"OtherOS OtherBrowser\", \"bookOnTripAdvisor\": \"Book on <img class=\\\"ibHeaderImg\\\" alt=\\\"TripAdvisor\\\" src=\\\"https:\\/\\/static.tacdn.com\\/img2\\/branding\\/hotels\\/sherpa-TA.png\\\"\\/>\"} [PAR] {\"widget\":{\"name\":\"ibex_photo_carousel\",\"moduleList\":[\"handlers\"],\"divClasses\":\"prw_rup prw_ibex_photo_carousel\",\"js\":{\"handlers\":\"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))\"},\"template\":\"ibex_photo_carousel__widget\",\"dust\":{\"nav_controls\":\"ibex_photo_carousel__nav_controls\"}},\"scriptFlags\":null,\"containerClass\":null} [PAR] 23 Reviews from our TripAdvisor Community [PAR] Read reviews that mention: [PAR] All reviews shared bathroom boarding passes home from home next morning stayed here martin sheep farm airport [PAR] Review tags are currently only available for English language reviews. [PAR] Start your review of The Curragh B&B Country House Accommodation [PAR] Click to rate [PAR] Reviewed 4 weeks ago via mobile [PAR] Stayed here Friday night as we had a work night out in Newbridge. Lovely place owners were lovely and very helpful even defrosted my car the next morning. Very relaxed atmosphere, clean and exactly what we needed for the night. Shared bathroom. The only negative was the lighting in our room the main light bulb was gone but the lady... [PAR] More [PAR] \u201cLovely B&B\u201d [PAR] Reviewed September 26, 2016 [PAR] We stayed here for 1 night, as we were attending a wedding in Newbridge. We arrived early but it was no problem as Martin was there to meet us and was super helpful and friendly and even helped carry our luggage up to our room, which was nice with a comfy bed and single too. We had a lovely breakfast....cooked... [PAR] More [PAR] \u201cBed, breakfast and a stroll amongst the sheep\u201d [PAR] Reviewed September 13, 2016 [PAR] Myself and my friend were travelling to Kildare for a wedding in the Keadeen hotel. I travel a lot with work and stay in a lot of hotels so made the decision"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Exaggerator vs. Nyquist: Preakness and Derby Winners Will ... Exaggerator vs. Nyquist: Preakness and Derby Winners Will Have a Rematch in Haskell Invitational [PAR] Exaggerator vs. Nyquist: Preakness and Derby Winners Will Have a Rematch in Haskell Invitational [PAR] {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} [PAR] Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. [PAR] Full Bio [PAR] The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe [PAR] When chaos is standard operating procedure, expect chaos, so that, when there's a horse race involving many hundreds of thousands of dollars in stakes and many more millions in Triple-Crown-quality horses, we can be sure that we'll see changes. On cue, then, Gun Runner's trainer Steve Asmussen shipped his mount from Saratoga to Monmouth yesterday, to run in this weekend's Grade I Haskell Invitational \u2013 as opposed to staying in Saratoga for this weekend's Grade II Jim Dandy. It is a really interesting trainer's decision and gives us a key look into both races. Not least, a few hours ago, the Desormeaux brothers decided to move Preakness winner Exaggerator from the Jim Dandy to the Haskell as well, causing some delay in the NYRA's announcement of the Jim Dandy post positions and latest odds, which are below. Updates to come on the odds for the Jim Dandy's now rather short, top-heavy field. [PAR] Exaggerator makes a move on Nyquist coming out of the last turn during the 141st Preakness Stakes on Saturday, May 21, 2016, at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. (Emma Patti Harris/Baltimore Sun/TNS via Getty Images) [PAR] First, although it has suffered the last-minute defections, the Jim Dandy \u2013 though technically a Grade II stakes \u2013 still offers us talent this year in Belmont winner Creator and in the Triple-Crown contenders Mohaymen, Destin, and Governor Malibu. Though its purse is smaller than the Haskell's, the Jim Dandy lives up to its name in being a major race, and, as the Bluegrass Wise Man \u2122 pointed out for us yesterday , it's a key prep for the Travers at the end of next month, and a serious steppingstone for this fall's Breeder's Cup. [PAR] Second, on Sunday, Derby-winner Nyquist now awaits Exaggerator, Brody's Cause, and Gun Runner down in New Jersey, Nyquist being arguably as serious a competitor as Creator. Moving a horse -- even the Preakness winner Exaggerator -- from Saratoga down to Monmouth is, this year, more than a bit like jumping from the frying pan into the fire. To address this and other questions about the two races this weekend, we turn again to the inimitable Bluegrass Wise Man \u2122, who sees all. [PAR] But before we open the debate about the two fields, here are the all-important post positions for this Saturday's tight, talent-rich Jim Dandy field. Incredibly, Mohaymen is favored by the early money over Belmont winner Creator. [PAR] 2016 Jim Dandy Stakes: Position, Jockey, Horse, Morning Line [PAR] 1. Creator, I. Ortiz, Jr., 3/1 [PAR] 2. Laoban, J.L. Ortiz, 20/1 [PAR] 3. Mohaymen, J. Alvarado, 9/5 [PAR] 4. Destin, J. Castellano, 2/1 [PAR] 5. Governor Malibu, J. Rosario, 9/2 [PAR] 6. Race Me Home (IRE), L. Saez, 15/1 [PAR] What do you reckon about Gun Runner moving down to the Haskell? [PAR] Bluegrass Wise Man \u2122: Steve decided to run Gun Runner at Monmouth because he did not want to run him versus Creator \u2013 whom he also trains \u2013 if he did not have to. I would imagine he consulted with the owners of each"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joe Montana - American Football Wiki - Wikia Joe Montana | American Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Pro Football Hall of Fame [PAR] Joseph Clifford \"Joe\" Montana, Jr., (born June 11, 1956 in New Eagle, Pennsylvania), nicknamed Joe Cool and Comeback Joe, [1] is a retired American football player whose professional career in the National Football League (NFL) spanned the late 1970s through the mid-1990s. Montana started his NFL career in 1979 with the San Francisco 49ers , where he played quarterback (QB) for the next 14 seasons. He spent the 1993 and 1994 seasons, his final two years in the NFL, with the Kansas City Chiefs . [2] While a member of the 49ers, Montana started four Super Bowl games and the team won all of them. In 2000, Montana was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame . his first year of eligibility. [3] [PAR] In 1989, and again in 1990, the Associated Press named Montana the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP), and Sports Illustrated magazine named Montana the 1990 \"Sportsman of the Year\". [4] Four years earlier, in 1986, Montana won the AP NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award. Montana was elected to eight Pro Bowls , as well as being voted 1st team All-Pro by the AP in 1987, 1989, and 1990. Montana had the highest passer rating in the National Football Conference (NFC) five times (1981, 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1989); and, in both 1987 and 1989, Montana had the highest passer rating in the entire NFL. [PAR] Noted for his ability to remain calm under pressure, Montana helped his teams to 31 fourth quarter come-from-behind wins. In the closing moments of the 1981 NFC Championship Game and Super Bowl XXIII , Montana threw game-winning touchdown passes. The touchdown at the end of the NFC championship game was so memorable that sports journalists, fans, and many others, refer to the play simply as \" The Catch \". The touchdown in the closing moments of Super Bowl XXIII came at the end of a 92-yard drive. [PAR] The 49ers retired the number 16, the jersey number Montana wore while with the team. In 1993, Montana was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs and led the franchise to its first AFC Championship Game in January 1994. In 1994, Montana earned a spot on the NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team; he is also a member of the NFL 1980s All-Decade Team. In 1999, editors at The Sporting News ranked Montana third on their list of \"Football's 100 Greatest Players.\" Also in 1999, ESPN named Montana the 25th greatest athlete of the 20th century. In 2006, Sports Illustrated rated him the number one clutch quarterback of all-time. [5] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Montana was born to Joseph Clifford Montana, Sr. (born 1932) and Theresa Marie Bavuso Montana (1935\u20132004) in New Eagle, Pennsylvania, a borough of Washington County located in the western portion of the state. He grew up in the neighboring city of Monongahela, a coal mining town just 25 miles (40 km) south of Pittsburgh. [6] His maternal grandparents, Vincenzo \"James\" Bavuso and Josephine Savarino Bavuso, were both Italian immigrants. His maternal grandmother, Josephine Savarino Bavuso (1909\u20131993), emigrated from Sicily to the United States with her parents, Domenico Savarino (1885\u20131960) and Vincenza Diecidue Savarino (1885\u20131930), in 1921. Upon their arrival in the United States, the Savarino Family first settled in eastern Ohio in the small coal mining community of Harpersville, Smithfield Township, Jefferson County. A few years later, the family relocated to the Elm Grove area of Wheeling, Ohio County,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Golfer Nick Price: Biography and Career Facts Golfer Nick Price: Biography and Career Facts [PAR] \u2022 Member, World Golf Hall of Fame [PAR] \u2022 PGA Tour money leader, 1993, 1994 [PAR] \u2022 PGA Tour Vardon Trophy (scoring) winner, 1993, 1997 [PAR] \u2022 PGA Tour Player of the Year, 1993, 1994 [PAR] \u2022 Member International team, Presidents Cup, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003 [PAR] \u2022 Captain, International team, 2013 Presidents Cup [PAR] Trivia: [PAR] \u2022 Nick Price had one of the best-known caddies on the PGA Tour , Jeff \"Squeaky\" Medlin. Medlin caddied for Price for years and carried his bag during Price's 1994 majors. Medlin first gained fame on John Daly 's bag during Daly's come-from-nowhere win at the 1991 PGA. Medlin died of leukemia in 1997. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Jack Nicklaus [PAR] \u2022 The 1986 Masters is best known for Jack Nicklaus' win. But in the first round, it was Nick Price who shot 63, a new record for low round at The Masters. Greg Norman tied the mark in 1996. [PAR] Nick Price Biography: [PAR] Nick Price was born in South Africa to English parents who moved the family to Rhodesia when Price was very young. Price would become a citizen, even serving in the Rhodesian Army during that country's civil war (from which it emerged as Zimbabwe). [PAR] An older brother introduced Price to golf, and Price ran with the new game. As a junior, he dominated in his native country. At age 17, Price traveled to San Diego, Calif., where he won the Junior World Championship. [PAR] Price turned pro at the age of 20 in 1977. He played the European Tour in those early years, claiming his first victory at the 1980 Swiss Open . He won four more times on the Euro Tour in 1982, then joined the U.S. PGA Tour in 1983. [PAR] He experienced immediate success, holding off Jack Nicklaus to win the 1983 World Series of Golf . It was eight years before Price won again on the PGA Tour, but when he did, he emerged as one of the best players in the world. [PAR] Price won the 1992 British Open for his first major. In 1993, he won four times in the U.S., led the PGA Tour in money and won the Vardon Trophy for low scoring average. Price followed that season by winning two majors in the same year, the 1994 British Open and 1994 PGA Championship . [PAR] Price was a short hitter off the tee, but his fabulous iron play and clutch short game kept him at or near the top of the golf world for several more years. In 1997, he won his second Vardon Trophy on the PGA Tour. [PAR] Price represented the International team at the Presidents Cup in each staging of that event from 1994 to 2003. He joined the Champions Tour in 2007 and won his first senior circuit tournament in 2009. [PAR] Price flies his own jet plane to and from tournaments. In 1997, Price published the instructional book, The Swing (compare prices). He has a golf course design business.[DOC] [TLE] Zimbabwe Golf: Trampled Roots - Golf Digest Zimbabwe Golf: Trampled Roots - Golf Digest [PAR] Golf WorldSeptember 24, 2013 [PAR] Trampled Roots [PAR] The demise of golf is just one of many concerns Nick Price and other Zimbabweans who are part of the Presidents Cup's International team have for their native land [PAR] By [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Nick Price used to think he would retire to Zimbabwe after his playing career"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jim Brown: The College and Pro Career of a Football Legend Top Ten Running Backs of All Time [PAR] Top Ten Running Backs of All Time [PAR] NFL Expert [PAR] By James Alder [PAR] Comparing players from different eras is tough because the game of football has evolved so much over the years. And unlike some other sports, statistics, while a great starting point, aren't always the greatest indicator as to who is the best of the best. There are aspects of the game that cannot be measured in numbers. [PAR] With that in mind, we have taken a look at the careers of many NFL greats and put together this list of the top ten running backs of all time. [PAR] Mike Powell / Allsport / Getty Images [PAR] 10. Marcus Allen [PAR] A six-time Pro Bowl selection and two time All Pro, Marcus Allen was the first player ever to gain more than 10,000 yards rushing and 5,000 yards receiving during his career. Spending time with both the Los Angeles Raiders and Kansas City Chiefs , he was regarded as not only an explosive threat out of the backfield, but one of the best short-yardage and goal-line runners ever. [PAR] When Allen retired from the game, he held what was then an NFL record with 123 touchdowns. Overall, he carried the ball 3,022 times for 12,243 yards, and added 5,411 yards receiving. He also set records in Super Bowl XVIII with a 73-yard touchdown run and 191 yards rushing overall. More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Emmitt Smith [PAR] Running back Marshall Faulk #28 of the St. Louis Rams carries the ball during the NFC Divisional Playoff game against the Carolina Panthers on January 10, 2004 at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis, Missouri. Jeff Gross/Getty Images [PAR] 9. Marshall Faulk [PAR] Marshall Faulk began his NFL career in Indianapolis, and was a force out of the backfield for the Colts. But it was his days with the St. Louis Rams that he is most remembered for. Playing in one of the most prolific offenses of all time, he was a versatile weapon as both a runner and receiver. And it was his versatility that kept opposing defenses off balance, because he was such an effective weapon in the Rams legendary passing attack. [PAR] The only player in NFL history to have 12,000 yards rushing and 6,000 yards receiving, Faulk is also the only one to have scored more than 70 rushing touchdowns and more than 30 receiving touchdowns. And that is enough to land a spot on our list of the top ten running backs of all time. More \u00bb [PAR] Emmitt Smith #22 of the Dallas Cowboys evades a tackle attempt by safety Matt Darby #43 of the Arizona Cardinals at Texas Stadium in Irving, Texas. The Cowboys beat the Cardinals with a final score of 17-3. Jamie Squire/Getty Images [PAR] 8. Emmitt Smith [PAR] If longevity were the biggest key in ranking running backs, Emmitt Smith, who played 15 years in the NFL, would be at the top of the list. But it's not. He is, however, one of the most complete backs to ever play the game. He could run. He could catch the ball. And he could block. He was also a tremendous team leader. [PAR] Smith spent the majority of his career with the Dallas Cowboys before moving on to the Arizona Cardinals . Over that period he became the NFL's all-time rushing leader, and played for three Super Bowl-winning teams. He is also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Magic Johnson's real first name \u2022 Mordo Crosswords ... Magic Johnson's real first name \u2022 Mordo Crosswords - Crossword Puzzle Answers [PAR] Answers, Clues and Solutions for all the Puzzles [PAR] We think that knowledge should pass freely. [PAR] This time, we got the following crossword puzzle clue: Magic Johnson's real first name that also known as Magic Johnson's real first name dictionary. First, we gonna look for more hints to the Magic Johnson's real first name crossword puzzle. Then we will collect all the required information and for solving Magic Johnson's real first name crossword . In the final, we get all the possible answers for this crossword puzzle definition. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Here are more similar Crossword Clues: [PAR] Magic's real name; [PAR] Magic Johnson's real first name; [PAR] Try this 6 letters Solution : EARVIN [PAR] Do you have other crossword puzzle solution? [PAR] Please write us in the comment box. [PAR] Did we help you ? Please click Like and Share.[DOC] [TLE] NBA.com: Magic Johnson Bio NBA.com: Magic Johnson Bio [PAR] Complete Bio | Summary | Complete Stats [PAR] Few athletes are truly unique, changing the way their sport is played with their singular skills. Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson was one of them. [PAR] Just how great a basketball player was Johnson? So great, perhaps, that future generations of hoop fans may wish they had entered the world years earlier -- just so they could have seen Magic play in person instead of watching him only on highlight reels. [PAR] Magic's \"junior, junior sky-hook\" in Game 4 of the 1987 Finals is part of NBA lore. [PAR] Andrew D. Bernstein/NBAE/Getty Images [PAR] He was what Bob Cousy was to the 1950s, what Oscar Robertson was to the 1960s, what Julius Erving was to the 1970s. [PAR] Still, Earvin Johnson was even more than a revolutionary player, who, at 6-9, was the tallest point guard in league history. His sublime talent elicited wonder and admiration from even the most casual basketball fan. [PAR] Whether it was a behind-the-back pass to a streaking James Worthy , a half-court swish at the buzzer or a smile that illuminated an arena, everyone who saw Johnson play took with them an indelible memory of what they had witnessed. From the moment he stepped onto the court, people pondered: How could a man so big do so many things with the ball and with his body? It was Magic. [PAR] Johnson accomplished virtually everything a player could dream of during his 13-year NBA career, all of which was spent with the Los Angeles Lakers. He was a member of five championship teams. He won the Most Valuable Player Award and the Finals MVP Award three times each. He was a 12-time All-Star and a nine-time member of the All-NBA First Team. He surpassed Robertson's career assists record, a mark he later relinquished to John Stockton . He won a gold medal with the original Dream Team at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona. [PAR] His all-around play inspired the addition of the term \"triple-double\" to basketball's lexicon, although history demands that Robertson be recognized as the first man to regularly post double figures in three statistical categories in the same game. Unfortunately for the Big O, nobody had thought of the term triple-double back in the 1960s. [PAR] Johnson did all of this while maintaining a childlike enthusiasm born of a pure love of sport and competition. Beyond all the money, success and fame, Johnson was just happy to be playing basketball. [PAR] If there was one aspect of Johnson's game"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roster Settings - Free Fantasy Baseball - ESPN Roster Settings - Free Fantasy Baseball - ESPN [PAR] The 25 roster slots are divided into two overall positional categories: Batters and Pitchers. [PAR] BATTERS [PAR] ESPN Fantasy Baseball provides Batter slots for all five infield positions (C, 1B, 2B, SS, 3B), five (5) outfield (OF) positions plus one utility slot. The utility slot may be filled by any non-pitcher. Also due to position eligibility, you may have a player on your roster that is only eligible for a designated hitter (DH) slot. If that is the case, the only slot you will be able to use that in the utility slot. For more information see Position Eligibility below. [PAR] PITCHERS [PAR] ESPN Fantasy Baseball provides nine pitcher slots. You may use any combination of Starters and Relievers. However, keep in mind that there are limits for games started by your Active Starters as a whole. For more information on Pitching Limits, click here . [PAR] NOTE: The utility slot may NOT be filled with a pitcher. [PAR] Total Roster Size: 25+1 (13 Batters, 9 Pitchers, 3 Bench, +1 DL) [PAR] Batters (13): C, 1B, 2B, 3B, SS, OF, OF, OF, OF, OF, 2B/SS, 1B/3B, UTIL [PAR] Pitchers (9): P, P, P, P, P, P, P, P, P [PAR] Bench (3): BE, BE, BE [PAR] Disabled List (1): DL [PAR] POSITION ELIGIBILITY [PAR] Player position eligibility is based on two criteria that must be met. Once the following conditions are met, the player's position eligibility will be modified to reflect this. [PAR] Games Played Last Season - A player must have played in a minimum of 20 games in a position to be eligible for that position. The exception is rookies, they will be eligible for the position in which they begin the season. [PAR] Games Played in the Current Season - Once a player has played 10 games in a position during the regular season they will have that position added to their eligibility. This means that they will become eligible for the new position beginning on the eleventh game in that position. These games do not need to be contiguous. [PAR] SETTING YOUR LINEUP [PAR] You decide which players to start for each day of competition. Your Team page allows you to analyze each of your current players, review their performance (previous day/week, year to date etc.) and freely move players between your Active roster and Bench. Roster moves involving a player may be made right up until that player's team is scheduled to begin playing in their first game of the day. [PAR] When you make transactions, you must move one active player to the bench, or to waivers, when moving an inactive/benched player to your active lineup. If you make a move that violates a roster slot, an error message will appear, notifying you to double-check the proposed transaction. You will need to ensure that you are moving players into eligible slots per Position Eligibility (see above). [PAR] ADDING / DROPPING PLAYERS [PAR] In Standard leagues there are going to be many unclaimed players available in the player pool; these players are called free agents. You may want to pick up one of these free agents (players not currently on a team in your league) for your elite team. You can search the player pool by going to the Players page. [PAR] All Standard leagues will observe ESPN's Undroppable Players list. The Undroppable Players list is comprised of select elite level players who cannot be dropped to waivers at any time during the baseball season. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Is A Green Jacket Presented to the Masters Winner? Why Is A Green Jacket Presented to the Masters Winner? [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] Updated November 03, 2016. [PAR] Each year, the winner of The Masters is presented with the famous \"Green Jacket.\" Slipping on the green jacket is the golden moment for many winners of the tournament. But how did a green jacket come to be such a big deal? What is the story behind the venerated Green Jacket? [PAR] Origins of the Masters Green Jacket [PAR] Let's face it: If you saw someone walking around in public in a shamrock green jacket, you might wonder if that person was fashion-challenged. But the Green Jacket presented to the Masters champion is one beautiful piece of outerwear. [PAR] The tradition of the Green Jacket at Augusta National Golf Club dates to 1937. That year, members of the club wore green jackets during the tournament so that fans in attendance could easily recognize them if a fan needed to ask questions. [PAR] One of the inspirations for the idea was provided by a dinner that Augusta National co-founder Bobby Jones attended at Royal Liverpool . The English links club's captains were adorned in red jackets during that dinner, to stand out. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Greatest Quarterbacks of All Time? [PAR] Augusta National co-founder and club chairman Clifford Roberts embraced the idea of an identifying piece of clothing for club members - something that would make it easy for non-members (and tournament attendees) to recognize an Augusta member. [PAR] According to the tournament's official website, Masters.com: [PAR] \"Jackets were purchased from the Brooks Uniform Company, New York City ... Members were not initially enthusiastic about wearing the warm, green coat. Within several years, a lightweight, made-to-order Jacket was available from the Club's Golf Shop. ... The single breasted, single vent Jacket's color is 'Masters Green' and is adorned with an Augusta National Golf Club logo on the left chest pocket. The logo also appears on the brass buttons.\" [PAR] Presenting the Green Jacket to the Masters Winners [PAR] Soon after its public debut in 1937, the Green Jacket became the symbol of membership in the ultra-exclusive Augusta National Golf Club. [PAR] And winners of the Masters Tournament began, themselves, receiving green jackets at the 1949 Masters . The winners all become members of the Champions Club at Augusta. From 1937 through 1948, only Augusta National members wore the green jackets; from 1949 onward, the tournament winner also got one. [PAR] By the way, in those early years it was just as common to hear Masters players and Augusta members refer to the garment as the \"green blazer\" or \"green coat,\" as it was for them to use \"green jacket.\" [PAR] Who Was the First Masters Champ Presented with the Green Jacket? [PAR] You already know the jacket was first presented to the Masters winner following the 1949 tournament. And the winner that year was Sam Snead . At that time, the club also had jackets made for each of the previous winners of the Masters. For more, see: [PAR] Who was the first Masters champion awarded the Green Jacket? [PAR] Does the Masters Winner Get to Keep the Jacket? [PAR] The short answer: The Green Jacket stays with the new winner for one year. When they return to Augusta National the following year for the next Masters, they return the jacket. But each winner can have his own version of the jacket made to keep at home. For more, see: [PAR] Do Masters champions get"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carl LEWIS - Olympic Athletics | United States of America Carl LEWIS - Olympic Athletics | United States of America [PAR] Carl LEWIS [PAR] Olympic Games 1984 , 1988 , 1992 , 1996 [PAR] One of the greatest athletes of all time [PAR] Carl Lewis, as one of only four Olympic athletes to have won nine Olympic gold medals, is widely recognised as one of the greatest athletes of all time. [PAR] Matching Jesse Owens [PAR] At the 1984 Los Angeles Games, Lewis emulated his boyhood idol Jesse Owens by winning gold in the 100m, the 200m, the long jump and the 4x100m relay. A superstar was born. [PAR] Further Olympic joy [PAR] At the 1988 Seoul Games, Lewis defended his 100m title after Ben Johnson was disqualified. He also defended his long jump title and claimed silver in the 200m. Four years later in Barcelona, he won a third gold medal in the long jump, defeating world record holder Mike Powell by just three centimetres. He also anchored the world record-setting US relay team. [PAR] One last golden jump [PAR] Lewis only just scraped into the US Olympic long jump team for the 1996 Atlanta Games. He then needed all three jumps to qualify for the final. However in the final, he majestically moved into first place with his third jump and stayed there. [PAR] Olympic records [PAR] His success in the long jump made Carl Lewis one of only three Olympians to win the same individual event four times. He is also one of only four Olympic athletes to win nine gold medals."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NFL Wide Receiver - Players Rosters - National Football ... NFL Wide Receiver - Players Rosters - National Football League - ESPN [PAR] NFL Players By Position - Wide Receiver [PAR] A[DOC] [TLE] 2016 Fantasy Football Draft Strategy | RotoWire.com 2016 Fantasy Football Draft Strategy | RotoWire.com [PAR] This is obviously fine, too, and gives you some added flexibility. [PAR] 3. Where to Draft a Tight End? [PAR] Getting an elite tight end in the middle rounds is worthwhile, but keep in mind a few caveats: [PAR] Tight ends are injury prone. [PAR] It's a grueling position due to the dual requirements of blocking and receiving. [PAR] Tight ends typically lack upside. [PAR] The No. 1 overall tight end often fails to outscore even the No. 10 overall receiver, who often fails to outscore the No. 20 overall running back. [PAR] You typically are required to start only one of them. [PAR] They're usually not too scarce, and more talented pass-catching tight ends have come into the league over the last five years, making good ones available late. [PAR] That said, once the RB/WR plateau a few rounds into your draft, you should consider a TE or QB. [PAR] 4. Kickers and Team Defenses [PAR] In most scoring systems, these positions are afterthoughts because: [PAR] They contribute only a small amount of total scoring. [PAR] You need only start one of them, so plenty of choices are available on the waiver wire. [PAR] Most importantly, both are so difficult to predict that it's only worth investing a very late-round pick on them. [PAR] 5. PPR Leagues [PAR] In leagues that award a point-per reception, possession receivers and pass-catching running backs get a significant boost. All good receivers get a modest boost. Backs who don't catch passes and quarterbacks merit downgrades. [PAR] 6. Auction vs. Draft [PAR] More leagues have begun to use auctions to acquire players, the strategy for which requires a separate and more lengthy discussion. The same principles regarding the value of various positions apply, however, with dollars substituting for rounds in your calculus. But bidding and nominating strategy, i.e., how to maximize your budget in the auction, requires a different skill set than that of a draft. [PAR] 7. IDP Leagues [PAR] Individual Defensive Player leagues are more common these days, with so many varied starting requirements it's nearly impossible to say what's standard. As a rule, defensive players get one point per tackle, several points for sacks and interceptions and six points for TDs. As such, players who make a lot of tackles - typically middle and inside linebackers - are the most valuable commodities, followed by outside linebackers, safeties, cornerbacks and defensive ends. [PAR] IDPs rarely score enough to merit anything better than a middle-to-late round pick, but there are some exceptions for particular scoring systems. [PAR] 8. Backups [PAR] Typically, once you hit the middle rounds of your draft, you should largely be looking for upside - potential game changers who are an injury or depth chart change away from being top players at their positions. Only rarely should you concern yourself about getting your stars' real life backups as insurance - for that, two requirements must be met: (1) The backup is almost certain to inherit the starter's entire role; and (2) The backup is likely capable of producing at least 80 percent or so of what the starter produced. If the starter is also injury prone, that makes the case more compelling and should cause you to reach a round early for the backup. [PAR] Otherwise, draft the players with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vince Lombardi Super Bowl Trophy - About Tiffany & Co Tiffany & Co. For The Press | About Tiffany & Co. | Tiffany & Co. Sports Trophies | United States [PAR] ABOUT TIFFANY & Co. [PAR] About Tiffany & Co. [PAR] Tiffany & Co. Sports Trophies [PAR] The moment of victory at the Super Bowl, the World Series and every major championship is commemorated for all time by the presentation of custom-designed sterling silver trophies from Tiffany & Co. [PAR] Tiffany has created the most revered symbols of athletic achievement in every notable field of sport. From the beginning, Tiffany designers were dedicated to the highest level of quality and craftsmanship that would pay tribute to the athletes' skill and prowess. [PAR] This great legacy began in 1860 with the creation of the Woodlawn Vase for a racing association in Louisville, Kentucky. Later, the trophy was presented to the Maryland Jockey Club to be awarded to the winner of the Preakness Stakes, the second jewel in the Triple Crown and today the oldest continuously contested trophy in the United States. In 1897 Tiffany was commissioned to design the Belmont Memorial Challenge Cup for the Belmont Stakes, the oldest of the Triple Crown events, named after financier August Belmont who initiated the race. The founding sires of the thoroughbred horse in America are portrayed on the base of the bowl. [PAR] Sponsors of other popular sports of the day commissioned Tiffany to create equally elaborate trophies. A perfect example is the Viking Rowing Trophy, which replicates an ornate Viking ship with rippling pennants, authentic rigging and fourteen great oars. This intricate artistry reached its zenith with the yachting trophies Tiffany created throughout the late 19th century. Decorated with curling waves, nymphs, mermaids and dolphins, these magnificent trophies recall the pageantry surrounding the great ocean races of the time. [PAR] Among the era's most richly embellished yachting trophies are the legendary Goelet Cups. These were commissioned by Ogden Goelet, a prominent member of the New York Yacht Club, who made Newport, Rhode Island, synonymous with yachting. Today the New York Yacht Club is home to 21 magnificent Tiffany yachting trophies. [PAR] For the sport that would become the great American pastime, Tiffany created the first world championship baseball trophy in 1888. The Hall Championship Cup depicts the five people necessary to play a game: umpire, catcher, pitcher, batter and outfielder. Tiffany also designed the All-Star Home Run Derby trophy and the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award for Major League Baseball, which is awarded at the discretion of the Commissioner. Three outstanding athletes received the award for historic achievement in the 1998 season: Mark McGwire for breaking the single-season home run record with 70 home runs; Sammy Sosa for scoring 66 home runs in the home run race; and Cal Ripken Jr. for setting a new record of 2,632 consecutive games played, breaking Lou Gehrig's record of 2,130 consecutive games. [PAR] Major League Baseball commissioned Tiffany to create one of the most celebrated awards in all of sports: the World Series Trophy. The design features 30 flags, one for each Major League team, with latitude/longitude lines symbolizing the world. Tiffany also creates the World Series MVP Trophy. [PAR] During the twentieth century, new sports emerged for which Tiffany was called upon to create trophies. In 1904 Tiffany produced the Vanderbilt Cup, named for William K. Vanderbilt who organized a 284-mile auto race on Long Island to stimulate interest in American-made cars. The trophy, which depicts Mr. Vanderbilt in his 90-horsepower Mercedes, was re-created in 1996 for the inaugural U.S. 500 auto race"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Munich Olympics of 1972 - life.time.com Munich Massacre: Photos From the Terror Attack at the 1972 Olympics [PAR] On the anniversary of the 'Munich Massacre' at the 1972 Summer Olympics, LIFE.com presents photos that capture the fear and tension that defined those 21 hours. [PAR] \u201cThey\u2019re all gone.\u201d [PAR] For millions of people who recall the slaughter unleashed by Palestinian terrorists at the 1972 Olympics in Munich , those words are indelible. They were spoken by ABC\u2019s Jim Mckay\u2014the man behind the famous \u201cthrill of victory, agony of defeat\u201d introduction to the network\u2019s long-running show, Wide World of Sports\u2014when he learned that Israeli athletes and coaches taken hostage by terrorists from the group Black September had been murdered. [PAR] McKay, a sportscaster who assumed the duties of a news anchor as one of the most shocking events of the 1970s unfolded on live TV, acquitted himself with unforgettable grace and intelligence as the story grew more abominable with each passing hour. [PAR] In fact, the simple, unadorned way that McKay reported the news that the Israeli hostages had, in fact, been killed still resonates today, four decades after the event: [PAR] \u201cWhen I was a kid,\u201d McKay began, in a strangely, comfortingly conversational tone, when he got word of what had happened, \u201cmy father used to say, \u2018Our greatest hopes and our worst fears are seldom realized.\u2019 Our worst fears have been realized tonight. They have now said there were eleven hostages; two were killed in their rooms yesterday morning, nine were killed at the airport tonight. They\u2019re all gone.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prix du Jockey Club - A Sporting Masterpiece Prix du Jockey Club - A Sporting Masterpiece [PAR] A Sporting Masterpiece [PAR] THE PRIX DU JOCKEY CLUB CROWNS THE YEAR\u2019S FASTEST THOROUGHBRED. [PAR] DON\u2019T MISS THIS HIGH-OCTANE EVENT! [PAR] THE PRIX DU JOCKEY CLUB IS ONE OF THE YEAR\u2019S MOST SELECTIVE RACES! [PAR] The Prix du Jockey Club is a prestigious horse racing event which is held at the foot of the magnificent Ch\u00e2teau de Chantilly on the first Sunday in June every year. [PAR] This Group I race, the highest category of horse race, was created in 1836 and is run over a distance of a mile and 2 \u00bd furlongs, with a 3-furlong uphill home straight. This sporting challenge is reserved for the year\u2019s best 3-year-olds. [PAR] Who will win this exceptional race on 5th June 2016?"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flemington Racecourse & Races - Punters.com.au Flemington Racecourse & Races - Punters.com.au [PAR] 448 Epsom Rd, Flemington, 3031 [PAR] Flemington Races [PAR] Flemington is renowned for its Spring Racing Carnival, which not only boasts the Melbourne Cup, Australia's most famous horse race, but it is also includes Derby Day, widely considered the most competitive race meeting in the country with an entire card of Group racing. Both of these events fall within the Melbourne Cup Carnival, which is the biggest week of racing on the Australian racing calendar. The carnival consists of four feature racedays conducted over the course of a week. These four meetings are (in order) Derby Day, Melbourne Cup Day, Oaks Days and Stakes Day. [PAR] Racedays: Flemington will host 23 racedays throughout the course of the 2015/2016 racing season [PAR] Group Ones: Flemington will host 14 Group Ones [PAR] The Melbourne Cup [PAR] Every year on the first Tuesday in November, Flemington plays host to Australia's most famous horse race, the Melbourne Cup. The race permits up to 24 competitors to slug it out over a gruelling two miles, with the winner laying claim to the lion's share of the $6 million in prize money on offer. This prize pool makes the Melbourne Cup the richest handicap in the world. [PAR] The 2016 Melbourne Cup was held on Tuesday 31 November, with the Robert Hickmott-trained Almandin proving too good for his rivals, thanks in part to a brilliant steer from jockey Kerrin McEvoy. [PAR] Check out our Melbourne Cup page for more info! [PAR] Flemington race distances and barrier info [PAR] 1000m - Races begin in the chute off the main straight. Barriers rarely come into play as it is a straight race from start to finish. [PAR] 1200m - Also started in the chute and thus also provide a straight race from start to finish. [PAR] 1400m - Begins in a chute on the opposite side of the course to the 1000 and 1200 metre races. The chute runs straight into the home turn and makes inside barriers greatly important. [PAR] 1600m - Inside barriers are of high importance over this distance as the short starting chute leads straight into the massive home turn, which finds the field spending more than half of the race on the turn [PAR] 1800m - No chute here, the race starts on the course's back straight and runners gallop for about 300 metres before hitting the home turn. Inside barriers are favoured. [PAR] 2000m - Commencing at the start of the back straight gives runners more time to jostle for position, but inside barriers are still at an advantage. [PAR] 2500m - The field jumps at the start just a small distance before the start finish post and the first turn. Getting out to these larger distances see inside barriers lose a bit of the advantage that may have been enjoyed in shorter races. [PAR] 3200m - Getting back to the chute on the home straight, these longer races start with gallop of about 1000 metres before the first turn is reached thus making the barriers of little or no importance. [PAR] Feature Races [PAR] Standish Handicap G3 Open hcp 1200m [PAR] February [PAR] Lightning Stakes G1 Open wfa 1000m [PAR] C S Hayes Stakes G3 3YO C&G sw+p 1400m [PAR] The Vanity G3 3YO Fillies sw+p 1200m [PAR] March [PAR] Australian Guineas G1 3YO Open sw 1600m [PAR] Frances Tressady Stakes G3 4YO+ Mares sw+p 1400m [PAR] Australian Cup G1 Open wfa 2000m [PAR] Kewney Stakes G2 3YO Fillies sw 1400m [PAR] VRC Sires Produce Stakes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20 Greatest Golfers of All Time (Updated) | AthlonSports.com 20 Greatest Golfers of All Time (Updated) [PAR] 20 Greatest Golfers of All Time (Updated) [PAR] 20 Greatest Golfers of All Time (Updated) [PAR] By Rob Doster , 9/26/16, 10:05 AM EDT [PAR] Athlon Counts down the best in the game's history [PAR] He hadn't struck a meaningful shot in many years \u2014 aside from the ceremonial tee shots that launched each Masters \u2014 but Arnold Palmer remained the world's most important golfer until the day he died, and his legacy will live on as long as there's televised golf. In fact, were it not for Palmer, you wouldn't be reading this list, and golf would still be struggling to gain a foothold on the American sports landscape. [PAR] [PAR] The King has his rightful place high on this list, and most of the others who join him here owe him a debt of gratitude for the mammoth purses and endorsement opportunities that followed in his wake. Our No. 1 player, Tiger Woods, had this to say via Twitter: \"It's hard to imagine golf without you or anyone more important to the game than the King.\" [PAR] [PAR] As for this ranking, it's hard if not impossible to compare players across different eras in any sport. In golf, it's doubly so, given the game's equipment advances and changing conditions of golf courses over the years. [PAR] [PAR] In compiling this ranking, I used two primary criteria: achievement and impact. Who won important golf tournaments, and who transcended the game while doing so? You'll notice that today's superstars \u2014 Rory McIlroy, Jordan Spieth, Jason Day \u2014 are missing, but as their achievements accumulate, they'll no doubt force their way into future rankings. Stay tuned. [PAR] [PAR] Here, then, are the 20 men who have had the greatest careers and most lasting impact on the game of golf. Feel free to tell me where I\u2019m wrong. [PAR] [PAR] 20. Greg Norman [PAR] The star-crossed Norman is better remembered for his spectacular failures than his successes, but we can't overlook his 20 career PGA Tour wins and his 331 weeks spent as the world's No. 1 player in the Official World Golf Rankings. A little better luck and a little more clutch play and he would have seven or eight major wins instead of two (1986 and 1993 British Opens). [PAR] [PAR] 19. Cary Middlecoff [PAR] Middlecoff set aside a career in dentistry to become one of the greatest players of all time , challenging Ben Hogan and Sam Snead for world supremacy in the late 1940s and 1950s. Won 40 times on the PGA Tour, including three majors. [PAR] [PAR] 18. Vijay Singh [PAR] His career might be tainted on the front end by cheating allegations and on the back end by association with performance-enhancing drugs, but it's hard to deny Vijay a spot in the golf pantheon. He's won 34 times on the PGA Tour, including two PGA Championships and a Masters win. [PAR] [PAR] 17. Billy Casper [PAR] The Big Three \u2014 Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer and Gary Player \u2014 dominated the golf headlines in the 1960s, but the unassuming Casper was as good as anybody in his era. Casper won 51 PGA Tour events, seventh all time, and earned three majors, including the 1966 U.S. Open, where he denied Palmer a coveted win. [PAR] [PAR] 16. Ernie Els [PAR] With four majors \u2014 two U.S. Opens and two British Opens \u2014 the Big Easy is a legitimate challenger for the title of second-best player of the Tiger Woods"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sporting Digest: Swimming | Sport | The Independent Sporting Digest: Swimming | The Independent [PAR] Sporting Digest: Swimming [PAR] Wednesday 6 May 1998 23:02 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Richard Upton, an Australian swimmer who was let off with a warning after failing a doping test, has been given a three-month ban by the international Court of Arbitration. Upton, who won a relay silver medal at this year's drug-tainted World Championships in Perth, tested positive for the masking agent probencid in an out-of-competition test on 17 February. [PAR] Birgit-Heike Matz, a former East German swimmer, told a Berlin court yesterday that she had been given performance-enhancing drugs from the age of 14 while competing for the former communist state. She said she developed body hair and noticed her voice deepen after being ordered to take \"little blue pills\" which, the prosecutors said, contained the banned steroid oral-turinabol."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennis-Leading men's singles grand slam champions | Reuters Tennis-Leading men's singles grand slam champions | Reuters [PAR] Sun Jul 6, 2014 | 7:00 PM BST [PAR] Tennis-Leading men's singles grand slam champions [PAR] LONDON, July 6 List of men with most grand slam singles titles in the professional era, since 1968, after Novak Djokovic's seventh in the 2014 Wimbledon final on Sunday: [PAR] 1. Roger Federer (Switzerland) - 17 titles [PAR] Four Australian Open wins (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010), one French Open (2009), seven Wimbledon (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), five U.S. Open (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008) [PAR] 2. Rafael Nadal (Spain) - 14 [PAR] One Australian Open (2009), nine French Open (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014), two Wimbledon (2008, 2010), two US Open (2010, 2013) [PAR] =. Pete Sampras (U.S.) - 14 [PAR] Two Australian Open (1994, 1997), seven Wimbledon (1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000), five U.S. Open (1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002) [PAR] 4. Bjorn Borg (Sweden) - 11 [PAR] Six French Open (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981), five Wimbledon (1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980) [PAR] 5. Jimmy Connors (U.S.) - 8 [PAR] One Australian Open (1974), two Wimbledon (1974, 1982), five U.S. Open (1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983) [PAR] =. Ivan Lendl (Czechoslovakia/U.S.) - 8 [PAR] Two Australian Open (1989, 1990), three French Open (1984, 1986, 1987), three U.S. Open (1985, 1986, 1987) [PAR] =. Andre Agassi (U.S.) - 8 [PAR] Four Australian Open (1995, 2000, 2001, 2003), one French Open (1999), one Wimbledon (1992), two U.S. Open wins (1994, 1999) [PAR] 8. Novak Djokovic (Serbia) - 7 [PAR] Four Australian Open (2008, 2011, 2012, 2013), two Wimbledon (2011, 2014), one U.S. Open (2011) [PAR] =. John McEnroe (U.S.) - 7 [PAR] Three Wimbledon (1981, 1983, 1984), four U.S. Open (1979, 1980, 1981, 1984) [PAR] =. Mats Wilander (Sweden) - 7 [PAR] Three Australian Open (1983, 1984, 1988), three French Open (1982, 1985, 1988), one U.S. Open (1988) [PAR] 10. Stefan Edberg (Sweden) - 6 [PAR] Two Australian Open (1985, 1987), two Wimbledon (1988, 1990), two U.S. Open (1991, 1992) [PAR] =. Boris Becker (Germany) - 6 [PAR] Two Australian Open (1991, 1996), three Wimbledon (1985, 1986, 1989), one U.S. Open (1989) [PAR] (Compiled by Sam Holden; Editing by Rex Gowar) [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with the Boston Red Sox from 1961 to 1983. [PAR] Why is the site of a boxing match called a ring when it's square? [PAR] Boxing rings were originally circular. [PAR] In the very first Boston Marathon, 15 runners competed. How many finished? [PAR] 10. [PAR] How long is the average pool cue? [PAR] 57 inches. [PAR] Under the rules outlined in the charter of the International Olympic Committee, how much pure gold must there be in each gold medal awarded to first-place winners? [PAR] At least 6 grams. Silver medals must be at least .925 sterling silver. [PAR] What professional ice hockey star didn't hang up his skates until he was 52? [PAR] Gordie Howe, who played in 1,687 games in the National Hockey League. [PAR] What is the state sport of Alaska? [PAR] Dog-mushing. [PAR] Who was the first athlete to hit a major league home run and make a professional football touchdown in the same week? [PAR] Jim Thorpe, in 1917. He did it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ukraine\u2019s Vitali Klitschko: \u2018This is a battle and I don\u2019t ... Ukraine's Vitali Klitschko: 'This is a battle and I don't plan to give up easily' | World news | The Guardian [PAR] Ukraine [PAR] Ukraine's Vitali Klitschko: 'This is a battle and I don't plan to give up easily' [PAR] As Ukraine's street protests against corruption grow increasingly ugly, the unlikely figure of heavyweight boxer Vitali Klitschko has emerged as a voice for the opposition. What will happen next \u2013 and why has he taken on the biggest fight of his life? [PAR] Klitschko in Kiev \u2026 'We need to join all our forces.' Photograph: AP [PAR] Tuesday 21 January 2014 13.44 EST [PAR] First published on Tuesday 21 January 2014 13.44 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] People have been trying to land kicks and punches on Vitali Klitschko for most of the past two decades, and he has brushed almost all of them off with ease. But his current opponent, Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych , has a few advantages that none of the previous challengers possessed: several thousand riot police at his disposal , for a start, and the use of a pliant court system to prevent Klitschko from entering the ring in the first place. [PAR] Klitschko, whose PhD in sports science combined with a fearsome reputation as a former heavyweight champion earned the 42-year-old the nickname \"Dr Ironfist\", has emerged as the natural leader of the street protests that have swept Ukraine for the past two months , ever since the president went back on his promise to sign an association agreement with the EU. Crowds, mainly from the pro-European west of the country, were initially drawn to stand up for their desires of European integration, but the rallies soon morphed into general discontent with the bloated kleptocracy that critics say surrounds the president. Barricades were erected around Independence Square, and every day for two months, politicians including Klitschko have addressed crowds from the stage, rallying the masses in protest against the president he eventually hopes to succeed. Klitschko has his hands full trying to contain the protest movement which erupted into violence on Sunday night , as thousands hurled rocks at riot police and set their buses on fire. Klitschko was moving through the crowds, unsuccessfully calling for calm, and at one point was even sprayed in the face with a fire extinguisher by an angry protester. [PAR] But despite the difficulty and complexity of the task ahead, Klitschko is resolutely confident that the protests, which have so far failed to draw any major concessions from Yanukovych, represent a victory for the Ukrainian people. [PAR] \"People are saying: 'We don't want to live like this. We want things to change,' he tells me just days before the mood turned violent. \"This is a victory in the head of every Ukrainian, and in their heart \u2013 and this is worth an awful lot.\" [PAR] Dressed in a dark grey suit that sits surprisingly elegantly on his enormous frame, Klitschko speaks slowly and methodically. [PAR] \"The system today is built to service the clan, the family, and not society as a whole. Yanukovych doesn't want change. He says he does. But he says he wanted European integration and that turned out to be a con.\" [PAR] He pauses, blinking, before answering each question, usually with carefully formulated and somewhat monotonous answers. Would he put Yanukovych on trial for the corruption that has escalated under the current regime, and the blatant enrichment of his family members? Klitschko pauses. \"If people break the law,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jordan Bio - National Basketball Association NBA.com: Michael Jordan Bio [PAR] Complete Bio | Summary | Complete Stats [PAR] By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time. Although, a summary of his basketball career and influence on the game inevitably fails to do it justice, as a phenomenal athlete with a unique combination of fundamental soundness, grace, speed, power, artistry, improvisational ability and an unquenchable competitive desire, Jordan single-handedly redefined the NBA superstar. [PAR] Even contemporaneous superstars recognized the unparalleled position of Jordan. Magic Johnson said, \"There's Michael Jordan and then there is the rest of us.\" Larry Bird , following a playoff game where Jordan dropped 63 points on the Boston Celtics in just his second season, appraisal of the young player was: \"God disguised as Michael Jordan. [PAR] A brief listing of his top accomplishments would include the following: Rookie of the Year; Five-time NBA MVP; Six-time NBA champion; Six-time NBA Finals MVP; Ten-time All-NBA First Team; Nine time NBA All-Defensive First Team; Defensive Player of the Year; 14-time NBA All-Star; Three-time NBA All-Star MVP; 50th Anniversary All-Time Team; Ten scoring titles -- an NBA record and seven consecutive matching Wilt Chamberlain ; Retired with the NBA's highest scoring average of 30.1ppg. [PAR] Michael Jordan makes the jump shot that catapults the Bulls over the Utah Jazz in the 1998 Finals. [PAR] Fernando Medina/NBAE/Getty Images [PAR] However, his impact is far greater than awards and championships. He burst into the league as a rookie sensation scoring in droves with an unmatchable first step and acrobatic drives and dunks and concluded his career as a cultural icon. Along the way, he became a true champion who spearheaded the globalization of the NBA with his dynamic on court abilities and personal sense of style that was marketed to the masses. [PAR] He was an accessible star who managed to maintain an air of mystique. He was visible as \"Air Jordan,\" as part of a sneaker advertising campaign and endorsing other products as well as the star of the movie, Space Jam. However, he would vanish into retirement twice only to return until hanging up the sneakers for the last time after the 2002-03 season. [PAR] Although Brooklyn born, Jordan was bred in the more tranquil North Carolina. The son of Delores and James Jordan, he shared a special bond with his father, which included baseball being both of their first love. However, following his older brother, Larry, whom he idolized and was a spectacular athlete in his own right, Jordan began to play basketball. [PAR] He attended Laney High school in Wilmington, North Carolina, but as a 5-11 skinny sophomore, he was cut from the varsity basketball team. The summer before his junior year, he grew to 6-3 and began his path to super-stardom. [PAR] A Tar Heel at heart, the high school All-American attended the University of North Carolina. As a freshman, he played somewhat in the shadows of upperclassmen James Worthy and Sam Perkins. However, he shone in the spotlight of the NCAA Championship game against Georgetown and another great freshman Patrick Ewing , whom he would foil future NBA championships for as well. Jordan scored 16 points, grabbed nine rebounds and made the winning basket on a 16-foot jumper with 18 seconds in the game for the 63-62 victory. [PAR] As a sophomore, he was named College Player of the Year by The Sporting News. As a junior, he received that award again as well as the Naismith and Wooden Awards. After his junior year he was chosen with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Magic vs. Bird: The 1979 NCAA Championship Game - IMDb Magic vs. Bird: The 1979 NCAA Championship Game (TV Movie 1979) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The 1979 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship game, between Michigan State University and Indiana State University, exactly as aired on NBA on March 26, 1979, except that the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Title: Magic vs. Bird: The 1979 NCAA Championship Game (TV Movie 1979) [PAR] 8.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The 1979 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship game, between Michigan State University and Indiana State University, exactly as aired on NBA on March 26, 1979, except that the commercials are deleted. Although the game, won 75-64 by MSU, was not quite as dramatic as many other NCAA championship games, it is one of the most historically significant games ever played. The game was the first on-the-court meeting between MSU's Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson and ISU's Larry Bird, two future Hall of Famers who combined to win NBA championships in eight of the next nine years. Johnson and Bird are credited with restoring unselfish and fundamentally sound play to the basketball and lifting it to new heights of popularity. Written by stevenmcatee@aol.com [PAR] (Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] The NCAA men's basketball tournament has produced some of the most exciting, powerful and emotional moments in sports history, including some Hollywoodesque fantastic finishes. The 1979 championship game, though far from a blowout, wasn't a down to the wire thriller, but it is one of the most significant games ever played in any sport. [PAR] The match up between Michigan State Univeristy and Indiana State University was the first time that MSU's Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson and ISU's Larry Bird played each other. The two entered the NBA the next season and dominated it throughout the 1980s. [PAR] Happily, that game is now available on DVD through Greatest Games Ever. The DVD shows the broadcast exactly as it aired live on NBC with commentators Al McGuire, Billy Packer, Bryant Gumbel and Dick Enberg. The commercials are absent but the pre-game, halftime and post-game segments are included. The lack of commercials is a little disappointing because I think commercials are often fascinating in retrospect but that's my only criticism of the DVD. [PAR] Th game, played on March 26, 1979 at the Special Events Center at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, was an unlikely pairing. Michigan State, from the mighty Big Ten and coached by seasoned veteran Jud Heathcote, was a natural participant. But Indiana State, from the relatively minor Missouri Valley Conference and led by a rookie head coach, Bill Hodges, was a surprise. Especially because the Sycamores had a long history of taking a distant backseat to the Hoosier state's Big Ten schools, Indiana University and Purdue University. [PAR] Adding drama was ISU entering the game with a 33-0 record, attempting to join an elite group of undefeated national champions. And on a trivial note, Hodges was the first head coach to reach the championship"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1994 U.S. Open Golf Tournament (Recap and Scores) 1994 U.S. Open Golf Tournament (Recap and Scores) [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] A controversial ruling played a role in the 1994 U.S. Open, a tournament that ended in an 18-hole playoff that stretched to 20 holes. [PAR] Ernie Els held a two-stroke lead as the final round began, on the strength of a third-round 66. But he badly mis-hit his first tee shot of the final round, deep into trouble off the first fairway of Oakmont Country Club . [PAR] A large number loomed as a possiblity. But a USGA rules official ruled that a broadcast truck and its extendable arm were in Els' line of play, and that the truck was a temporary immovable obstruction. In fact, the truck was quite movable - it drove away not long after the incident at hand. But because of the ruling, Els was allowed a free drop in an area where escape was much more likely. The rules official later admitted he had been wrong, and Els should have been required to play the ball from the original, horrendous situation. [PAR] Still, it's important to note that the ruling did not win the tournament for Els. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Greatest Quarterbacks of All Time? [PAR] Els still bogied the hole, and it was the overnight leader's very first hole of the day. [PAR] Els wound up shooting 73 in the fourth round, while Loren Roberts and Colin Montgomerie both fired rounds of 70 to catch Els and force a Monday playoff. [PAR] Els started the playoff very shaky, too, with a bogey and then a triple-bogey. But while Montgomerie faded, Els and Roberts kept battling. Both recorded 74s, which led to sudden-death (Monty had a 78 and dropped out after 18 holes). [PAR] Els and Roberts continued on for two more holes, until Roberts bogied the 20th hole of the day and Els parred it for the victory. It was Els' first major championship victory - and also his first PGA Tour win. [PAR] Two-time U.S. Open champion Curtis Strange finished one stroke out of the playoff after posting four straight rounds of even-par 70. [PAR] The 1994 U.S. Open was the last played by Arnold Palmer . Palmer hadn't played a U.S. Open since 1983 - the most recent time the U.S. Open visited Oakmont - but was granted a special exemption by the USGA because Oakmont was again the host course. Palmer grew up in Latrobe, Pa., and Oakmont was always a special place to Palmer. His very first U.S. Open in 1953 was also at Oakmont. [PAR] 1994 U.S. Open Scores [PAR] Results from the 1994 U.S. Open golf tournament played at the par-71 Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont, Pa. (x-won playoff; a-amateur): [PAR] x-Ernie Els"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australia II, 1983 winner of the America\u2019s Cup | Western ... Australia II, 1983 winner of the America\u2019s Cup | Western Australian Museum [PAR] Australia II, 1983 winner of the America\u2019s Cup [PAR] Collection Highlights | Updated 3 years ago [PAR] Australia II (MHK D2/458) [PAR] Image copyright of WA Museum [PAR] On 26 September 1983, the yacht Australia II made history when the oldest sporting trophy in the world, the America\u2019s Cup, was wrested from the Americans after 132 years. [PAR] The Australia II was owned and built by a syndicate Western Australians headed by former businessman Alan Bond. The syndicate had unsuccessfully challenged for the Cup three times, which had been held by the New York Yacht Club since 1851, but the syndicate was determined to bring home the \u2018auld mug\u2019 in 1983. [PAR] The designer of Australia II, Ben Lexcen, had conceived a winged keel that under secret testing in the Netherlands had out-performed conventional keels. The yacht was built in Cottesloe by local boatbuilder Steve Ward. The crew was based in Perth and undertook a rigorous training program to prepare them for the series of races that would determine the challenger for the America\u2019s Cup, held in Newport, Rhode Island. [PAR] Following the success of Australia II in the Round Robin series to select a challenger for the Cup, the yacht raced in the best of seven races to determine the ultimate winner. At the end of four races, with the score 3-1 against them, the crew of Australia II faced an enormous challenge. Against all the odds Australia II went on to win the remaining three races, becoming the first non-American yacht to win the Cup. [PAR] In 1988 the yacht and associated material was bought by the Australian government for $2,000,000, and accessioned into the National Museum of Australia collection. The yacht was subsequently displayed in Fremantle before a new home in Sydney, the Australian National Maritime Museum, was prepared. [PAR] In 1995 the Australian government offered the yacht back to the Western Australian community, recognising the value of conserving objects in their original place. A purpose-built facility to house the yacht was proposed. The museum, located at the western end of Victoria Quay in Fremantle, was completed in May 2002 and installation of the Museum\u2019s exhibition completed for opening in December of the same year. [PAR] The yacht Australia II is displayed in a defining moment of the final race. Having just passed the American boat Liberty on the last downwind leg, Australia II is fast approaching the last rounding mark, the America\u2019s cup buoy. The yacht is heeled to approximately 9 degrees as it approaches the mark, to begin the final leg to the finish. During the final windward beat Australia II tacked many times to defend their precious lead. At 5.21pm the yacht crossed the line to win the America\u2019s Cup.[DOC] [TLE] AMERICA'S CUP TO AUSTRALIA II AS 132-YEAR U.S. REIGN ENDS ... AMERICA'S CUP TO AUSTRALIA II AS 132-YEAR U.S. REIGN ENDS - NYTimes.com [PAR] AMERICA'S CUP TO AUSTRALIA II AS 132-YEAR U.S. REIGN ENDS [PAR] By JOANNE A. FISHMAN, Special to the New York Times [PAR] Published: September 27, 1983 [PAR] NEWPORT, R. I., Sept. 26\u2014 Australia II today became the first challenger ever to win the America's Cup, defeating Liberty in the seventh and final race and bringing a dramatic end to the longest winning streak in sports. [PAR] Australia II trailed by 57 seconds as the boats rounded the fourth of six legs on Rhode Island Sound, but driven by a light southwesterly breeze, she"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] JIM ALEXANDER: Cheryl Miller's unlikely return to coaching ... JIM ALEXANDER: Cheryl Miller's unlikely return to coaching - Press Enterprise [PAR] Sports [PAR] JIM ALEXANDER: Cheryl Miller's unlikely return to coaching [PAR] How did the Riverside sports icon, gold medalist and WNBA coach end up at tiny Langston University? Because others turned her down. [PAR] BY JIM ALEXANDER / STAFF COLUMNIST [PAR] Published: May 15, 2014 Updated: 10:12 a.m. [PAR] JIM ALEXANDER: Cheryl Miller's unlikely return to coaching [PAR] Langston won't be what Miller is used to [PAR] CHERYL MILLER TIMELINE [PAR] 1978 \u2014 Makes Riverside Poly's team as a 15-year-old freshman. She would go on to be a four-time Parade All-America \u2013 the first player, male or female, to do so \u2013 and set state career records for points and scoring average. Poly would win four CIF titles and one state championship. [PAR] 1982 \u2014 Scores 105 points in a game against Norte Vista, which stood as a national record until 2006. [PAR] 1982-1986 \u2014 Becomes the star of USC women's basketball program. Earns All-America honors all four years, wins Naismith Player of the Year Award three times and leads USC to two national titles and a 111-20 record while setting school standards for career points (3,018) and rebounds (1,534). [PAR] 1984 \u2014 Is a key part of the gold medal-winning U.S. Olympic team. [PAR] 1986-1993 \u2014 Is a commentator for ABC Sports and ESPN. Is also a part-time volunteer assistant coach at USC for 1988-91 seasons. [PAR] July 1993 \u2014 Rejoins USC as head women's basketball coach after Marianne Stanley is let go for demanding a contract equal to that of the men's coach. [PAR] 1993-94 \u2014 With a team headed by Lisa Leslie, Miller's first team as USC coach is 26-4 and reaches an NCAA regional final. [PAR] 1994-95 \u2014 After Leslie graduates, Miller's Trojans are 18-10 and lose in the first round of the NCAA tournament. [PAR] May 1995 \u2014 Inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame. [PAR] September 1995 \u2014 Resigns as USC coach to return to television commentary. [PAR] 1997 \u2014 Becomes coach and general manager of the Phoenix Mercury in the new Women's National Basketball Association. Miller would coach four seasons, reaching the league finals in 1998 and compiling a 70-52 record. [PAR] December 2000 \u2014 Resigns from the Mercury, citing physical and mental fatigue. [PAR] 2006 \u2013 Inducted into the Riverside Sport Hall of Fame. [PAR] August 2010 \u2013 Inducted into the International Basketball Federation Hall of Fame. [PAR] 2013 \u2013 Parts ways with TNT, in what she described as a mutual decision. [PAR] April 2014 \u2013 Is hired as head coach at Langston (Okla.) University. [PAR] It is hard to believe that any college or university with a women\u2019s basketball coaching vacancy would have passed up a chance to hire Cheryl Miller. [PAR] An icon of women\u2019s hoops? An accomplished coach on both the then-Pac-10 and WNBA levels? A presence, and personality, as the sideline reporter on TNT\u2019s NBA telecasts? A Hall of Famer, for goodness sakes? [PAR] How do you turn that down? [PAR] More than one program found a way. And the beneficiary turned out to be Langston University, an NAIA institution of just under 4,000 students located in rural Oklahoma between Oklahoma City and Tulsa. [PAR] Mike Garrett, the athletic director who hired Miller as USC\u2019s head coach in 1993, made the call when his previous coach, David Johnson, resigned. Miller was named the Langston Lions\u2019 new women\u2019s coach April 30. [PAR] So begins another change in career tracks. [PAR] Miller, 50, once scored 105"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buzz Trivia: What Sport Did Keanu Reeves Excel In, In High ... Buzz Trivia: What Sport Did Keanu Reeves Excel In, In High School - YouTube [PAR] Buzz Trivia: What Sport Did Keanu Reeves Excel In, In High School [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 12, 2008 [PAR] Was it baseball, football, or hockey? Take our trivia! [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] The Wild One. Keanu Reeves on Sex, Hollywood and Life on ... The Wild One. Keanu Reeves on Sex, Hollywood and Life on the Run. :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive [PAR] Vanity Fair (US), August 1995 [PAR] The Wild One. Keanu Reeves on Sex, Hollywood and Life on the Run. [PAR] Young and Restless [PAR] by Michael Shnayerson [PAR] Last year, Speed made Keanu Reeves a superstar. But after 24 movies, the actor remains an enigma: a man who earns millions, yet lives out of a suitcase; a heartthrob who dates few women, yet fends off rumors of a gay marriage; an actor who can appear in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure or Hamlet with equal conviction and appeal. With Reeves's new W.W. II romance, A Walk in the Clouds, due on-screen this month, MICHAEL SHNAYERSON met with the star in Minneapolis to pose the essential question: Offscreen, just who is Keanu? [PAR] From hotel to hotel, he takes only a single suitcase. \"I've got it pretty pared down,\" Keanu says. \"A couple of pairs of pants, a few T-shirts, socks, underwear, one suit, a sport jacket, a pair of shoes.\" [PAR] For months now, Keanu Reeves has been homeless. [PAR] There's a story attached, but the details are vague. \"It's just something that happened,\" Reeves says. So the star of Hollywood screen and Winnipeg stage lives in hotels, moving as the work demands. His latest abode, as he puts it with that odd formality of his -- part earnest gentleman, part grown-up Valley dude -- is a businessman's hotel in downtown Minneapolis. [PAR] I know to expect that subtly Asian beauty -- the dark, intense eyes, the prominent cheekbones, the golden skin. The surprise is Keanu's lanky six-foot frame. On this gray spring afternoon he bears little resemblance to the actor who appeared in Speed, his surprise hit of last summer. The buzz cut has grown out. The strong jaw sports three days' stubble. He's let the action-hero muscles go, too, and, as casually as he seemed to come by it, the chance to be his generation's Schwarzenegger or Stallone. [PAR] Keanu said a year ago he didn't want the job. Now he's proved it, with two films that bear no more relation to Speed than to each other. Johnny Mnemonic is a 21st-century sci-fi thriller that opened in May and quickly drifted into cyberspace. A Walk in the Clouds, out this month, is more commercial, but in a new way for its 30-year-old star: it's his first romantic lead. With any luck, the movie should do for him what Legends of the Fall did for Brad Pitt. In fact, so seductive and graceful is his performance that it will probably fail to dispel two oddly ubiquitous assumptions about him. [PAR] That he's dumb. And that he's gay. [PAR] \"Who do I like?\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maurice Richard - Bio, pictures, stats and more ... Maurice Richard - Bio, pictures, stats and more | Historical Website of the Montreal Canadiens [PAR] See also... [PAR] THE RICHARD RIOT [PAR] On March 17, 1955, a game between the Canadiens and the Detroit Red Wings explodes off the [...] [PAR] ROCKET\u2019S THREE STARS [PAR] On March 23, 1944, Maurice Richard took matters into his own hands during the second game of [...] [PAR] [PAR] AN EMBLEMATIC ICON OF THE MONTREAL CANADIENS, MAURICE RICHARD\u2019S INFLUENCE AND IMPACT TRANSCENDED THE GAME. [PAR] Maurice Richard always maintained that he was nothing more than a hockey player. Few others share that opinion of the man who represents the heart and soul of the Montreal Canadiens\u2019 long and illustrious history. For 18 brilliant seasons, Richard proudly wore the colors of the only team that ever mattered to him, taking on all opponents and rewriting the NHL record book along the way. [PAR] Richard had one job to do and he did it better than any man alive; he scored goals. He was unstoppable from the blue line in and, with eyes blazing, he single-mindedly attacked nets around the league, filling them with rubber night after night. [PAR] Richard showed promise in 1942-43, but broke his leg 16 games into the schedule. The next season, there were whispers that perhaps he wasn\u2019t strong enough to withstand the rigors of life in the NHL. [PAR] The 1943-44 campaign silenced the critics. Richard notched 32 regular season goals before adding another dozen in the playoffs. He guided the Habs, who lost only six games from October on, as they rolled to their first Stanley Cup Championship in 13 years. [PAR] The most exciting new player to hit the NHL in a generation, Richard filled arenas with spectators with the same consistency that he filled nets with rubber in 1944-45. Playing with Toe Blake and Elmer Lach on what would famously become known as the \u201cPunch Line\u201d, he raised the bar for all scoring sensations to come, becoming the first NHLer to light the lamp 50 times in the same season. [PAR] Richard was consistently among the top scorers in the league. In an era when scoring 20 goals in a season turned a player into a star, Richard bettered the mark 14 consecutive years. He scored 30 or more nine times and broke the 40-goal plateau on five occasions. He was named to 14 straight All-Star teams and led the league in goals four times. [PAR] If Richard got one goal, odds were, others would follow. On 26 occasions, Richard potted three or more in the same game. In 1944, he set an NHL record that would stand for over 30 years when he scored eight points in a single game. The Rocket\u2019s postseason play eclipsed his performances in the regular schedule; the bigger the stakes, the better he played. [PAR] Opponents assigned to shadow Richard found that they had a choice to make if they wanted to counter the game\u2019s greatest offensive force. They could keep their efforts within the rules and get burned most of the time, or they could use prohibited tactics to try to slow down the superstar. Neither approach yielded the desired results on a regular basis. [PAR] Richard didn\u2019t go out of his way to look for trouble and rarely took issue with men who played a tough but clean checking game. Those who chose more brutal tactics soon found out that Richard was willing to retaliate in kind, more than able to handle himself in the heavy going."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Vijay Singh won\u2019t let the PGA Tour off the hook - Golf ... Why Vijay Singh won\u2019t let the PGA Tour off the hook - Golf Digest [PAR] Why Vijay Singh won\u2019t let the PGA Tour off the hook [PAR] LinkedIn [PAR] More detail on Vijay Singh\u2019s lawsuit against the PGA Tour is coming out, which, though interesting, doesn\u2019t signal a resolution anytime soon. If the case goes to trial, lawyers estimate its start would be at least a year away. [PAR] Many commenters have called Singh an ingrate\u2014or worse\u2014for suing the organization that has allowed him to win $70 million in prize money. But Singh undeniably suffered a hit to his reputation in 2013 when the tour suspended him for 90 days after he admitted he had used deer-antler spray without knowing it contained traces of a banned growth hormone. Although the tour in subsequent weeks dropped the penalty after learning the World Anti-Doping Agency did not consider the spray \u201cprohibited, per se,\u201d Singh argues that he should have never been publicly sanctioned and is seeking damages. [PAR] The case is a mixed bag, as is, unfortunately, the 52-year-old Fijian\u2019s whole career. A journey that began with him hitting coconuts instead of golf balls on a small island in the South Pacific and took him to the World Golf Hall of Fame rivals Sam Snead\u2019s in rags-to-riches scope. Singh\u2019s 34 tour wins, nine more on the European Tour and three majors gives him the third-best record (behind Tiger Woods and Phil Mickelson) among players who began their PGA Tour careers after 1990 (with the caveat that Singh was already 30 as a rookie in 1993). [PAR] It was Singh\u2019s 2004 season\u2014in which he won nine times with a major\u2014that stands out as the most anyone ever outplayed Woods in Tiger\u2019s prime. That year Singh became the only player in the first 10 years of this century to take the No. 1 spot on the World Ranking from Woods. Though the two rarely spoke when paired together, the soon-to-be 40 Woods recently said that Singh\u2019s remarkable 22 wins in his 40s is what Tiger wants to model. [PAR] Related: Read this week's issue of Golf World. [PAR] But despite a powerful game marked by a still majestically rhythmic swing, the 6-foot-2 Singh has never been a charismatic star. Though he can be gregarious with fellow pros, he has been diffident with the media. Clearly he resented inquiries about being suspended from the Asian Tour for two years after allegedly changing his scorecard at the 1985 Indonesia Open. Singh has disputed the charge, but never in any depth, and it hovers over him, unresolved. [PAR] In his recent book, veteran caddie Steve Williams, who worked for Terry Gale in the Indonesia event in question, wrote: \u201cI think you have to man up and admit your mistakes. Vijay has vehemently denied he did anything wrong, and I\u2019m still angry to this day he hasn\u2019t admitted his error.\u201d Williams added that he believes Singh \u201cshould have been banned from golf completely.\u201d [PAR] Indeed, such unsparing judgment to the cheating accusation is almost certainly what caused Singh to be so determined in his legal pursuit of full vindication about deer spray. Because of what allegedly went down in Indonesia, Singh in the minds of many is guilty until proven innocent. His court case might seem disloyal, but it is not frivolous. [PAR] I hope some clarity and closure comes from the case, but Singh has admitted the process has been a distraction to his performance. Going into 2016, he appears in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie Star Actor Legends: 1940-1950 - sbxandmore.com Movie Star Actor Legends: 1940-1950 [PAR] Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948) [PAR] Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff (1949) [PAR] Jack and the Beanstalk (1952) [PAR] [PAR] Humphrey Bogart was born in New York City on December 25, 1899 and died in 1957. After having experienced some measure of success on Broadway during the late 1920's, he was brought out to Hollywood, a conventional, good looking and reasonably competant actor. But he failed to click in a number of mainly second-rate pictures and returned to the theatre to find that good parts there were also few and far between. Finally he got his big break in the theatre, when in 1935 he landed the part of the gangster, Duke Mantee, in 'The Petrified Forest and was cast in the film version. [PAR] Best known films: [PAR] The African Queen (1951), Academy Awards winner for Best Actor [PAR] The Caine Mutiny (1954), Academy Award nomination [PAR] Sabrina (1954) [PAR] [PAR] John Garfield, whose real name is Julius Garfinkle, was born in New York City, on March 3, 1913 and died in 1952. After studying at drama school, he spent some time bumming around the country before he joined the Group Theatre and made his name on the Broadway stage, most notably in 'Golden Boy' in 1937. He arrived at Warner Bros. the following year, where his down to earth qualities were first seen in \"Four Daughters\", which earned him his first Oscar nomination, but the studios failed to star him in roles he deserved. In 1941, he proved he could hold his own when he starred with Edward G. Robinson in \"Sea Wolf\". His difficulties during the last few years of his life led to a premature heart attack at the age of 39, which was no doubt brought on by the activities of the House UnAmerican Activies Committee. He was one of the saddest and most tragic victims of the HUAC witch hunt. [PAR] Best known films: [PAR] To Have and Have Not (1944) [PAR] The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946) [PAR] Gentleman's Agreement (1947), Academy Award nomimation [PAR] He Ran All the Way (1951) [PAR] [PAR] Cary Grant, whose real name is Archibald Alexander Leach, was born in Bristol, England on January 18, 1904 and died in 1986. Coming from a broken home, he ran away at 14 to join a travelling troupe of young comedians who played in vaudeville houses all over England. He worked hard to perfect his acrobatic and pantomine skills and was selected for a US tour in 1920. Staying on in New York, he graduated to operetta during the late 20s then headed west to California late in 1931 and ended up signing a 5 year contract with Paramount shortly before his 28th birthday. His first movies were in \"Hot Saturday\" (1932), with Mae West in \"I'm No Angel\" and \"She Done Him Wrong\" both in 1933. By 1937, the screwball comedy had become established in Hollywood. This popular new type of movie provided a natural opportunity for him with his special blend of spontaneous vitality and charm. He and Constance Bennett made a pair of lively and sophisticated ghosts in \"Topper\", followed imediatly by \"The Awful Truth\", his first major success as a comedy star. [PAR] Best known films: [PAR] Charade (1963) [PAR] [PAR] Gene Kelly, whose real name is Eugene Curran Kelly, was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. on August 23, 1912, and died in 1996. He had danced in his childhood, became a dance instructor (after taking an Economics degree"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with the Boston Red Sox from 1961 to 1983. [PAR] Why is the site of a boxing match called a ring when it's square? [PAR] Boxing rings were originally circular. [PAR] In the very first Boston Marathon, 15 runners competed. How many finished? [PAR] 10. [PAR] How long is the average pool cue? [PAR] 57 inches. [PAR] Under the rules outlined in the charter of the International Olympic Committee, how much pure gold must there be in each gold medal awarded to first-place winners? [PAR] At least 6 grams. Silver medals must be at least .925 sterling silver. [PAR] What professional ice hockey star didn't hang up his skates until he was 52? [PAR] Gordie Howe, who played in 1,687 games in the National Hockey League. [PAR] What is the state sport of Alaska? [PAR] Dog-mushing. [PAR] Who was the first athlete to hit a major league home run and make a professional football touchdown in the same week? [PAR] Jim Thorpe, in 1917. He did it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manassa Mauler - definition of Manassa Mauler by The Free ... Manassa Mauler - definition of Manassa Mauler by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Manassa Mauler - definition of Manassa Mauler by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Manassa+Mauler [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] The eventful world of 1927 [PAR] Dempsey was The Manassa Mauler, Joe Louis: The Brown Bomber, Rocky Marciano: The Brockton Blockbuster. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport Guide ... Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport Guide (SCL) [PAR] Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport Guide (SCL) [PAR] Airport info [PAR] Casilla 79 Correo Aeropuerto Internacional, Santiago, Chile [PAR] Location: [PAR] Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport is located 15km (9.5 miles) northwest of central Santiago. [PAR] No. of terminals: 2 [PAR] Timezone: GMT -04:00 [PAR] Map: [PAR] Located a short distance from Chile\u2019s capital, Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport is the county\u2019s largest airport and is one of South America\u2019s key transport hubs. Our Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport guide includes information on facilities, public transport options and nearby hotels. [PAR] Airport news : [PAR] A master plan at the airport is underway that includes an expansion of the main terminal building and the construction of an additional terminal. [PAR] Information : [PAR] Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport has two information desks (tel: +56 2 2690 1752), one on the first floor (Arrivals) and another on the third floor (Departures). A tourist information centre is located in the arrivals area of the international terminal. [PAR] Website : [PAR] www.aeropuertosantiago.cl [PAR] Transfer between terminals : [PAR] The domestic and international terminals are housed in the same building and are internally connected by a passageway, lifts, stairs and hallways. [PAR] Driving directions : [PAR] The best route from central Santiago is west on Avenida Libertador B. O\u2019Higgins (which turns into Route 68), then right onto Circunvalaci\u00f3n Am\u00e9rico Vespucio, where Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport is located. There are plenty of signs signalling the entrance to the airport. [PAR] From east and north Santiago, the best route to the airport is Circunvalaci\u00f3n Am\u00e9rico Vespucio Norte. [PAR] From south Santiago, take the Circunvalaci\u00f3n Am\u00e9rico Vespucio Sur northwards. [PAR] Public Transport [PAR] Public transport road : [PAR] Bus:Two bus companies serve the airport and link to city centre destinations. The Centro Puerto bus (tel: +56 2 601 9883; www.centropuerto.cl ), which runs from both terminals, stops at the Los H\u00e9roes bus terminal (fare: CH$1,400), close to the Los H\u00e9roes metro station. The Tur-Bus (tel: +56 2 2822 7500; www.turbus.cl ) stops at the Alameda bus terminal and central Santiago (journey time: 30 minutes; fare: CH$1,700). [PAR] Shuttle:TransVip (tel: +56 2 2677 3000; www.transvip.cl ) minibuses offer a door-to-door service to destinations throughout Santiago. Representatives are stationed throughout the terminal and tickets can be purchased in the domestic and international arrivals areas. [PAR] Taxi:Taxi Oficial (tel: +56 2 2601 9880; www.taxioficial.cl ), which are marked blue with 'taxioficial' identification, are available from outside both terminals. These run to destinations such as Providencia, Las Condes, Vi\u00f1a del Mar and Santiago city centre. [PAR] Terminal facilities [PAR] Money : [PAR] Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport has banks, ATM machines and bureaux de change located within the terminals. [PAR] Communication : [PAR] The post office is located on the first floor of the domestic area. Telephones and internet kiosks are situated throughout the airport. [PAR] Food : [PAR] There are numerous bars, fast-food outlets, caf\u00e9s, snack bars and restaurants at Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport. [PAR] Shopping : [PAR] There is a large selection of shops at Santiago Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport. These include gift retailers, book shops, newsagents, wine merchants, jewellery and handicraft stores, as well as duty-free shops in the international terminal. [PAR] Luggage : [PAR] Trolleys are free of charge in both terminals. A left-luggage service (tel: +56 2 690 1319) is in operation 24 hours a day in the international terminal. A lost property department (tel: +56"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jane Russell - Biography - IMDb Jane Russell - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jane Russell [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 75 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (37) | Personal Quotes (23) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell was born on June 21, 1921 in Bemidji, Minnesota. Her father was a United States Army lieutenant and her mother had been a student of drama and an actress with a traveling troupe. Once Mr. Russell was mustered out of the service, the family took up residence in Canada, but moved to California when he found employment there. The family was well-to-do and although Jane was the only girl among four brothers, her mother saw to it that she took piano lessons. In addition to music, Jane was interested in drama much as her mother had been and participated in high school stage productions. Upon graduation, Jane took a job as a receptionist for a doctor who specialized in foot disorders. Although she had originally planned on being a designer, her father died and she had to go to work to help the family. Jane modeled on the side and was very much sought-after especially because of her figure. [PAR] She managed to save enough money to go to drama school, with the urging of her mother. She was ultimately signed by Howard Hughes for his production of The Outlaw (1943) in 1941, the film that was to make Jane famous. The film was not a classic by any means, but was geared to show off Jane's ample physical assets. Although the film was made in 1941, it was not released until two years later and then only on a limited basis due to the way the film portrayed Jane's assets. It was hard for the flick to pass the censorship board. Finally, the film gained general release in 1946. The film was a smash at the box-office. [PAR] Jane did not make another film until 1946 when she played Joan Kenwood in Young Widow (1946). She had signed a seven year contract with Hughes and it seemed the only films he would put her in were those that displayed Jane in a very flattering light due to her body. Films such as His Kind of Woman (1951) and The Las Vegas Story (1952) did nothing to showcase her true acting abilities. Probably the pinnacle of her career was in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) as Dorothy Shaw, with Marilyn Monroe . This film showed Jane's comedic side very well. Jane did continue to make films throughout the 1950s, but the films were at times not up to par, particularly with Jane's talents being wasted in forgettable movies in order to show off her sexy side. Films such as Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) and The Revolt of Mamie Stover (1956) did do Jane justice and were able to show exactly the fine actress she was. [PAR] After The Fuzzy Pink Nightgown (1957) (a flop), Jane took a hiatus from films, to dabble a little in television, returning in 1964 to film Fate Is the Hunter (1964). Unfortunately, the roles were not there anymore as Jane appeared in only four pictures during the entire decade of the 1960s. Her last film of the decade was The Born Losers (1967). After three more years away from the big screen, she returned to make one last film called Darker Than Amber (1970). Her last play before the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World's 10 Legendary Diamonds - Bridal Jewelry News World's 10 Legendary Diamonds - Bridal Jewelry NewsBridal Jewelry News [PAR] Posted on April 19, 2013 by admin [PAR] The world\u2019s most famous diamonds are its largest diamonds. At staggering weights up to thousands of carats, these diamonds have been cut, re-shaped and sold many times, contributing to their rich, interesting histories. [PAR] Diamond symbolizes eternal love, purity and strength. A diamond is known by its 4 C\u2019s . There are four different characteristics- the Carat, the Color, the Cut and the Clarity. A number of large or extraordinary diamonds have gained fame, as exquisite examples of the beautiful nature of diamonds, and because of the famous people who wore, bought, and sold them. A list of the most famous diamonds in history follows. [PAR] 1. Spoonmaker\u2019s Diamond [PAR] Spoonmaker\u2019s Diamond Source: Wadaphoto in JP [PAR] The Spoonmaker\u2019s Diamond the most valuable single exhibit of the Topkapi Palace Museum and part of the Imperial Treasury. It is an 86 carats (17 g) pear-shaped diamond. Surrounded by a double-row of 49 Old Mine cut diamonds and well spotlighted, it hangs in a glass case on the wall of one of the rooms of the Treasury. [PAR] Various stories are told about the Spoonmaker\u2019s Diamond. According to one tale, a poor fisherman in Istanbul empty-handed along the shore when he found a shiny stone among the litter, which he turned over and over not knowing what it was. After carrying it about in his pocket for a few days, he stopped by the jewelers\u2019 market, showing it to the first jeweler he encountered. The jeweler took a casual glance at the stone and appeared disinterested, saying \u201cIt\u2019s a piece of glass, take it away if you like, or if you like I\u2019ll give you three spoons. You brought it all the way here, at least let it be worth your trouble.\u201d What was the poor fisherman to do with this piece of glass? What\u2019s more the jeweler had felt sorry for him and was giving three spoons. He said okay and took the spoons, leaving in their place an enormous treasure. It is for this reason they say that the diamond\u2019s name became the \u201cSpoonmaker\u2019s Diamond\u201d. [PAR] Spoonmaker\u2019s Diamond Photo by Eric Feldman [PAR] The pride of the Topkapi Palace Museum and its most valuable single exhibit is the 86-carat pear-shaped Spoonmaker Diamond, also known as the Kasikci. [PAR] 2. Koh-i-Noor Diamond [PAR] The-Queen-Mother\u2019s-Crown-featuring-Koh-i-Noor-diamond The Queen Mother\u2019s Crown \u00a9 CORBIS [PAR] The K\u014dh-i N\u016br that means \u201cMountain of Light\u201d is a 105 carat (21.6 g) diamond that was once the largest known diamond in the world. [PAR] It is of great historical significance. It belonged to great Mughal Kingdom of Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent. Hindus, Mughals, Persian, Afghan, Sikh and British rulers fought bitterly over it at various points in history and seized it as a spoil of war time and again. It was finally seized by the East India Company and became part of the British Crown Jewels when Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India in 1877. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth (later Queen Mother) wearing the Koh-I-Noor set in her crown on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, after the coronation of King George VI, with daughter Princess Elizabeth, now Queen Elizabeth II. [PAR] Photo from Telegraph, UK [PAR] Many lay claim to the Koh-i-Noor, including the Taliban, who trace its origin in India through Afghanistan in ancient days. Indian Sikhs have asked for the diamond back too, as they were the most recent holders before the British. For their part, the British are"
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    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Evans and His Record Breaking Giant Vegetables John Evans and His Record Breaking Giant Vegetables [PAR] John Evans and His Giant Vegetables [PAR] contact: ALASKA GIANT SEEDS, P.O. Box 1072, Palmer, AK 99645, U.S.A., fax +1-907-746-4781, Home Phone +1-907-746-4781, e-mail AlaskaGiant@alaskaGiant.com [PAR] My name is John V. R. Evans, I was born in Dungarvan, Ireland and was raised on my family estate in Brecon, South Wales. I come from a line of expert horticulturists, so the genes must have been passed down to me. [PAR] In the 40 years of gardening experience, I have accumulated a great wealth of knowledge from different climactic and soil conditions in 6 countries and 4 U.S. states. I also do extensive research in the chemical, physical and biological properties of my garden and experiment on different plants of the 60 to 70 vegetables seed varieties I grow each year. [PAR] In the seven years of competition at the Alaska State Fair my wife, Mary, and I have accumulated over 180 first places in both quality and giant vegetable catagories, with 18 State and 7 World Records. [PAR] If you could, imagine what it would be like to dig up a carrot from your garden and not knowing how big it is until the last minute, and then finding out that it's 19 lbs. Now thats exciting! [PAR] Over the years, I have developed my own fertilizers, bio-catalysts, and growing techniques and it would take a whole book to explain, so I can only give basic information on each record: [PAR] Red Cabbage (brassica oleracea capitata rosa) 45.25 lb 1994 world record [PAR] (Photo: The weigh- in at the Alaska State Fair.) Cabbages require rich soil with a high ph and require high nitrogen fertilizer throughout the growing season, it is important to support the lower leaves for good air flow and to give them plenty of space to grow. [PAR] Green Cabbage (brassica oleracea capitata) 76.00 lb 1998 [PAR] (Photo: My daughter, Lauren, dwarfed by cabbage!) [PAR] Carrot (daucus carota) 19.985 lb 1998 world record (single root mass) [PAR] (Photo: The world record carrot at the fair) [PAR] Carrots requiring a long growing season and should be started in February. Transplant in a high raised bed that has been dug very deeply and enriched with compost and sand. [PAR] Kale (brassica oleracea acephala) 28.75 lb 1995 world record [PAR] Kale should be grown the same way as cabbages, they are very beautiful plants and well worth growing. [PAR] Zucchini (Marrow) (cucurbita) 59.00 lb 1998 State record [PAR] Zucchini are very easy to grow and require rich soil and plenty of water. We nicknamed this one 'BABY'and put a blanket on it at night so it would not get chilled! [PAR] This is Mary and I with our world-record certificates, the zucchini got a state record at the fair in 1999 at 29.6495 lbs. [PAR] Kohlrabi (brassica caulorapa) 39.50 lb 1998 world record [PAR] Kohlrabi, like all brassica's require a ph above seven, this one decided to to grow small ones off the main plant. [PAR] I put many hours pampering with this plant , the roots were so extensive they grew more than 4 feet in all directions. [PAR] Garden Beet (beta vulgaris) 42.75 lb 1999 world record [PAR] Beets take about four months to grow with the ph about 6. As you can see from my expression it required a lot of effort to harvest this monster 80co - I have to take a rest before going to the state fair with the beet. [PAR] I grow many different varieties"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maps & Directions \u00bb UNH | University of New Hampshire Maps & Directions \u00bb UNH | University of New Hampshire [PAR] The University of New Hampshire [PAR] Durham, NH 03824 \u2022 (603) 862-1234 [PAR] TTY Users: 7-1-1 or 800-735-2964 (Relay NH)[DOC] [TLE] Location - yourmanchesternh.com Location [PAR] Location [PAR] Bids & Proposals [PAR] Location [PAR] Located in the heart of New England, Manchester, New Hampshire, is a spectacular combination of a vibrant urban center and the famed natural beauty and abundant recreational opportunities that abound throughout the Granite State. This city\u2019s location is prime\u2014Boston, the Atlantic Coast, and New Hampshire\u2019s scenic White Mountain and Lakes Region are all within an hour\u2019s reach, and thanks to our exceptional highway access and the first-class Manchester-Boston Regional Airport, Manchester is accessible from just about anywhere. [PAR] Manchester offers easy access to the interstate highway system including I-93 and I-89 as well as to the New Hampshire State Highway and Turnpike systems. [PAR] Manchester is less than an hour from the Atlantic Coast and a mere 90 minutes from the White Mountain and Lakes Region. [PAR] Over 600,000 people live within 20 miles of Manchester and over 4.5 million people live within one hour's drive. [PAR] Manchester is only 53 miles from Boston\u2014New England\u2019s business, cultural, entertainment, and educational hub. With such close proximity to this great city, Manchester companies enjoy the benefits of a large student population. Graduates from Harvard, MIT, Northeastern, Boston College, Boston University and several other universities and colleges often seek job opportunities in Manchester. Ivy Leaguers Dartmouth College and Brown University are both within a two-hour drive as is the University of New Hampshire at Durham and Worcester Polytechnic Institute. [PAR] New York City and Montreal are within a five-hour drive and it's less than two hours to Portland, Maine and Providence, Rhode Island. [PAR] Airport Service [PAR] Manchester - Boston Regional Airport is located less than one hour north of Boston and within a two hour's drive from the region's most popular ski areas, scenic beaches and famous lake front resorts. Easy access, competitive airfares, ample affordable parking and an impressive schedule of non-stop and direct jet services make the airport one of Manchester's greatest assets. [PAR] Within one hour's drive from Manchester, the Boston Logan International Airport offers domestic service to 76 destinations and also provides the northeastern United States global access while offering service to 33 destinations around the world."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indy 500 FAQs - Indianapolis Motor Speedway Indianapolis Motor Speedway [PAR] In what year did the first Indianapolis 500 take place? [PAR] 1911. Ray Harroun won in the Marmon \"Wasp.\" [PAR] Why was the distance of 500 miles selected? [PAR] Having decided to dispense with multi-race programs and concentrate on one major race for 1911, Speedway leader Carl Fisher and his partners envisioned an event that would appeal to the public by lasting approximately seven hours between mid-morning and late afternoon. A distance of 500 miles was settled upon, and Ray Harroun won the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911 in six hours, 42 minutes and eight seconds. [PAR] What is the distance of one lap around the oval? [PAR] 2.5 miles. The track has four distinct turns and straightaways, a layout unchanged since the facility opened in 1909. The front and back straightaways are 5/8th of a mile each, with the \"short chute\" straightaways between Turns 1 and 2 and Turns 3 and 4 at 1/8th of a mile each. Each of the four turns is 1/4th of a mile long. [PAR] What is the degree of banking in the turns? [PAR] Each of the four turns on the oval is banked at exactly 9 degrees, 12 minutes, the same dimensions as when the track opened in 1909. [PAR] Which driver has won the Indianapolis 500 the most times? [PAR] Three drivers have won the Indianapolis 500 four times each: [PAR] A.J. Foyt (1961, 1964, 1967, 1977) [PAR] Al Unser (1970, 1971, 1978, 1987) [PAR] Rick Mears (1979, 1984, 1988, 1991) [PAR] Who is the youngest winner of the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] Troy Ruttman was 22 years, 80 days old when he won the 36th Indianapolis 500 on May 30, 1952. Q. Who is the oldest winner of the Indianapolis 500? A. Al Unser was 47 years, 360 days old when he won the 71st Indianapolis 500 on May 24, 1987. [PAR] What is the name of the trophy presented to the winner of the race each year? [PAR] The Borg-Warner Trophy, which was commissioned in 1935 by the Borg-Warner Automotive Company. In 1936, Indianapolis 500 winner Louis Meyer was the first driver to receive the trophy. [PAR] Why does the winner of the Indianapolis 500 drink milk in Victory Lane? [PAR] Three-time Indianapolis 500 winner Louis Meyer regularly drank buttermilk to refresh himself on a hot day and happened to drink some in Victory Lane as a matter of habit after winning the 1936 race. An executive with what was then the Milk Foundation was so elated when he saw the moment captured in a photograph in the sports section of his newspaper the following morning that he vowed to make sure it would be repeated in coming years. There was a period between 1947-55 when milk was apparently no longer offered, but the practice was revived in 1956 and has been a tradition ever since. [PAR] Have women competed in the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] Nine women have raced in the Indianapolis 500: [PAR] Janet Guthrie (1977-79) [PAR] Lyn St. James (1992-97, 2000) [PAR] Sarah Fisher (2000-04, 2007-10) [PAR] Helio Castroneves (2001) [PAR] Have there always been 33 cars in the starting field of the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] No. After 40 cars started in the inaugural race in 1911, the Contest Board of the American Automobile Association (AAA), the sanctioning body at the time, mandated a formula for limiting the size of a starting field according to the size of the track. It was determined that the safe distance between each car spread equally around a course"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tombstone History - The Earps and \"Doc\" Holliday Tombstone History - The Earps and \"Doc\" Holliday [PAR] PROFILES OF THE EARPS AND \"DOC\" HOLLIDAY [PAR] [PAR] WYATT EARP is best known as the fearless frontier lawman of Wichita and Dodge City, Kansas, and as principal survivor of the Gunfight at the OK Corral. But the Marshall Earp of legend accounted for only about 5 years of Wyatt's long and eventful life. [PAR] [PAR] Wyatt spent most of his years traveling and living in the deserts of the Southwest with his four brothers Virgil, Morgan, James and Warren, as well as his wife Josie. His lifelong passion for mining, gambling and sports led him from one boomtown to another across the span of the western frontier and into the 20th century. [PAR] [PAR] Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp was born in Monmouth, Illinois on March 19, 1848. In 1864 he moved with his parents to Colton, California near San Bernardino, where he was employed as a teamster and railroad worker. Wyatt returned east and married in 1870, but after the sudden death of his new bride, he drifted the Indian Territory working as a buffalo hunter and stagecoach driver. [PAR] [PAR] In 1875 he arrived in Wichita, Kansas where he joined the police force. In 1876, he moved to Dodge City, Kansas where he became a faro dealer at the at the famous Long Branch Saloon and assistant marshal. It was here he met and became lifelong friends with Bat Masterson and Doc Holliday, as well as establishing his reputation as a notable lawman and gambler. [PAR] [PAR] The photo at left comes from the National Archives of the United States. Taken around 1890, the picture posed past and present \"Peace Commissioners\" of Dodge City (Kansas). Left to right: Charles Bassett, W.H. Harris, Wyatt Earp, Luke Short, L. McLean, Bat Masterson, and Neal Brown. Masterson was a close friend of Wyatt and spent much time in Tombstone before returning to Kansas in 1882. Luke Short, another friend, and part-time lawman and part-time gambler, spent time in Tombstone and left a victim in Boothill. [PAR] [PAR] Leaving Dodge City with his second wife, Mattie Blaylock, in 1878, Wyatt traveled to New Mexico and California, working for a time as a Wells Fargo agent. In 1879 he assembled with his brothers and their wives in the new silver mining town of Tombstone, Arizona. [PAR] [PAR] Wyatt planned to establish a stage line here, but upon discovering that there were already two in town, he acquired the gambling concession at the Oriental Saloon. His brother VIRGIL (photo left) became town marshal, while Morgan took a job with the police department. It was here that Wyatt met his third wife JOSIE (Josephine Marcus Earp - photo right), who remained with him until his death. [PAR] [PAR] On October 26, 1881, a feud that had developed between the Earp brothers and a gang led by Ike Clanton culminated in the most celebrated gun-fight in western folklore -- the Gunfight at the OK Corral. Three of the Clanton gang were killed, while Ike and another wounded member escaped. The three Earp brothers -- Virgil, Wyatt and Morgan -- along with Doc Holliday survived. Both Morgan and Virgil were wounded, and Virgil was later terminated as marshal for his role in the homicides. [PAR] [PAR] In March, 1882 MORGAN EARP (photo right) was gunned down by unknown assassins. Wyatt, along with his brother Warren and some friends, embarked on a vendetta during which all four suspects were eventually killed. [PAR] [PAR] After being accused of these murders,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tasmanian Fishing and Boating News Issue 069 2007 August ... Tasmanian Fishing and Boating News Issue 069 2007 August by Stevens Publishing - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] Issue 69 August - September 2007 [PAR] $3.95 [PAR] WIN this $550 pontoon float tube [PAR] Print Post approved; PP 702512 00027 [PAR] See page 34 [PAR] Dan Clifton caught this 10 lb 8 oz trout at the Trevallyn tailrace near Launceston. See the full report on page 6. [PAR] \u2022 Trevallyn\u2019s monster trout \u2022 Tasmania\u2019s most popular trout lures \u2022 Simple soft plastics \u2022 Early season locations \u2022 Czech nymphing \u2022 Cockroaching for trout \u2022 Jan\u2019s flies \u2022 Great Lake \u2022 Boats and boating \u2022 World Fly Fishing Championship report [PAR] LOOK OUT TROUT \u2013 [PAR] Season Opening Specials $490 [PAR] Redington CPS 4 Piece Fly Rod Redington\u2019s Rolls Royce. Powerful, quick action casts any length of line superbly. Accurate, smooth, beautifully finished with tube and lifetime warranty. MENTION THIS AD AND GET A FREE RIO GRAND OR RIO SELECTIVE TROUT FLY LINE VALUED @ $99! [PAR] FREE Fly Line [PAR] Redington RS3 and Red Fly Rods [PAR] Quality rods with smooth actions at prices to suit all budgets. Call us for more info. MENTION THIS AD AND GET A FREE RIO MAINSTREAM FLY LINE VALUED @ $59.95! [PAR] FREE Fly Line [PAR] From [PAR] $179 Penn PinPoint Combo [PAR] Smooth, accurate casting, super sensitive graphite rod. Perfect for plastics. Indestructible, 8 stainless bearing reel with all the features. Built for braid. Tried and tested. Penn Pinpoint 6\u20196\u201d 2 Piece + Penn Affinity 2000 Reel [PAR] $229 Lightweight Breathable Waders Perform better than breathables twice the price. 3 layer fabric with Kevlar knees and bum for long leakfree life. [PAR] $269 [PAR] Norstream PVC Waders Beaut tough waders at hot prices. [PAR] Chest $119 Thigh $89 CHEST [PAR] $119 [PAR] SUPER TOUGH [PAR] W [PAR] hy would we even consider replacing what is quite possibly the most popular fast action fly rod in the world? Well, to start with, we have a full-time team of engineers and material science specialists who are relentless in their quest to \u201cbuild a better mousetrap.\u201d And, after three years of serious R&D. we\u2019ve discovered some amazing ways to build a significantly better fly rod. The new If it ain\u2019t broke, fix it anyway. Z-Axis designs \u2026or\u2026 give How we built a better Fly Rod. anglers of all abilities more distance and accuracy through a remarkably enhanced ability to feel the rod loading. The result? A fast, high-performance fly rod that helps you intuitively put the fly closer to the fish in any situation. Test cast a Z-Axis. We think you\u2019ll agree it\u2019s the lightest, sweetest, longest-casting, most accurate fast action fly rod you\u2019ve ever experienced. And that pretty much say\u2019s it all. www.sageflyfish.com [PAR] Sage Z-Axis [PAR] 4 to 10 wt (all in stock) 4 pc [PAR] $1095 [PAR] Lightweight rods Sage .................3wt 7\u20196\u201d $320 Sage .................2wt 7\u201911\u201d $895 Sage .................3wt 7\u2019 $895 Sage .................3wt 7\u201911\u201d $895 Redington Crosswater ....3wt 7\u20196\u201d $120 Wayfarer .........4wt 7\u20196\u201d $475 CPS ...................3wt 7\u2019 $495 Redfly ..............4wt 7\u20196\u201d $350 + many others Czech nymph hooks in stock Bird fur in stock Minn Kota. 80lb, 24v Riptide with wireless remote and foot pedal. 12 months old still has 2yr warranty. New $2850 Now $1650 [PAR] FREE [PAR] FREE FREIGHT on mail/ phone orders over $50 [PAR] Learn to fly fish DVD Personal shoppers only. Call in for yours today. [PAR] Fly Fisher [PAR] Essential 37 Wilson St, Burnie Ph 6431 6500 \u201cFree Fishing Tips \u2013 Free Hints & Tricks \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Trump Transported Veterans on Tower Air? : snopes.com Donald Trump Transported Veterans on Tower Air? : snopes.com [PAR] Donald Trump Transported Veterans on Tower Air? [PAR] Hair Force One [PAR] Donald Trump was never involved with Tower Air, nor could we find any evidence he ever transported stranded Gulf War soldiers. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Claim: Donald Trump's Tower Air supplied flights home for Gulf War soldiers in 1991 when they faced otherwise long waits for military transportation. [PAR] False [PAR] Example: [Collected via e-mail, March 2016] [PAR] Loyal by Ron Knouse [PAR] In 1991, at the end of Desert Storm, a 19 yr old US Army Cavalry Scout Private who had just spent 8 months at war sat out on a street at Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia. He sat there on his duffle bag with his Battalion around him for 4 days waiting for the buses to come and take him to the King Fahad Airport so he could go home. Unfortunately, the politicians of the day never planned for how to bring so many soldiers home after the war ended so there was a shortage of planes. Politicians are great at talking, but terrible at doing. Finally, the buses came, and took the young man to the airport. The planes waiting were from Tower Air. The owner of Tower Air had volunteered his planes and staff to bring soldiers home for the cost of fuel only. Happily, the young veteran got home just in time for Easter weekend in 1991, and spent that time emotionally healing with friends and family surrounding him. That Private was me. The Airline owner - Donald J Trump. That is why I will vote Trump. Loyalty for loyalty, respect for respect. Any questions? [PAR] Origin:An anecdote about Donald Trump, Tower Air, and stranded Gulf War soldiers appeared from the ether in February 2016. The story, attributed to a veteran named \"Ron Knouse,\" held that Trump stepped in with his airline (Tower Air, according to this story) to aid soldiers during that conflict when the military failed to do right by them, and seemed to originate from a web site called The Trump Times. [PAR] Tower Air went out of business in 2000 , and we could find no evidence linking Trump to the company in any capacity during its operational years. A December 1994 New York Times article (about an incident of vandalism at John F. Kennedy Airport) named former El Al marketing official Morris K. Nachtomi as the airline's CEO and founder: [PAR] Mr. Nachtomi, who founded Tower after retiring as a marketing official at El Al, said that no operational systems were disabled, only monitoring systems, like equipment that tells whether an engine is running too hot. [PAR] A December 1985 New York Times article included Tower among several airlines chartered to transport United States military servicemen: [PAR] Altogether, the Military Airlift Command, which is the main long-range air transport unit for the American armed forces, will have chartered about 2,000 flights aboard commercial aircraft this year by the end of the month. [PAR] Those chartered carriers will have moved 1.2 million passengers for the Defense Department between the United States and duty overseas, or between foreign nations, according to Air Force officers ... Air Force officers said the chartering of commercial aircraft to transport troops and other Defense Department personnel was a policy set by Congress in 1960. That policy, they said, was intended to keep the Government out of the military passenger business and to have the Military Airlift Command concentrate on carrying cargo."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] bridge - Suspension bridges | engineering | Britannica.com bridge - Suspension bridges | engineering | Britannica.com [PAR] Suspension bridges [PAR] military bridge [PAR] John Roebling died in 1869, shortly after work began on the Brooklyn Bridge , but the project was taken over and seen to completion by his son, Washington Roebling . Technically, the bridge overcame many obstacles through the use of huge pneumatic caissons , into which compressed air was pumped so that men could work in the dry; but, more important, it was the first suspension bridge on which steel wire was used for the cables . Every wire was galvanized to safeguard against rust, and the four cables, each nearly 40 cm (16 inches) in diameter, took 26 months to spin back and forth over the East River . After many political and technical difficulties and at least 27 fatal accidents, the 479-metre- (1,595-foot-) span bridge was completed in 1883 to such fanfare that within 24 hours an estimated quarter-million people crossed over it, using a central elevated walkway that John Roebling had designed for the purpose of giving pedestrians a dramatic view of the city. [PAR] The opening of the Brooklyn Bridge, chromolithograph by Currier & Ives. [PAR] Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (digital file no. 3b51126) [PAR] Workmen wrapping wire around a suspension cable of the Brooklyn Bridge, New York; wood engraving \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 Photos.com/Thinkstock [PAR] By the turn of the 20th century, the increased need for passage from Manhattan to Brooklyn over the East River resulted in plans for two more long-span, wire-cable, steel suspension bridges, the Williamsburg and Manhattan bridges . The Williamsburg Bridge, designed by L.L. Buck with a span of just over 480 metres (1,600 feet), became the longest cable-suspension span in the world upon completion in 1903. Its deck truss is a bulky lattice structure with a depth of 12 metres (40 feet), and the towers are of steel rather than masonry. The truss in effect replaced Roebling\u2019s stays as stiffeners for the deck. The 1909 Manhattan Bridge has a span of 441 metres (1,470 feet). Its fixed steel towers spread laterally at the base, and a 7.4-metre- (24.5-foot-) deep truss is used for the deck. Of greater significance than the deck construction, however, was the first application of deflection theory, during the design of these two bridges, in calculating how the horizontal deck and curved cables worked together to carry loads. First published in 1888 by the Austrian academic Josef Melan, deflection theory explains how deck and cables deflect together under gravity loads, so that, as spans become longer and the suspended structure heavier, the required stiffness of the deck actually decreases. Deflection theory especially influenced design in the 1930s, as engineers attempted to reduce the ratio of girder depth to span length in order to achieve a lighter, more graceful, appearance without compromising safety. Up to 1930, no long-span suspension bridge had a ratio of girder depth to span length that was higher than 1:84. [PAR] The Manhattan Bridge (completed 1909), spanning the East River between Brooklyn and Manhattan \u2026 [PAR] Larry Brownstein/Getty Images [PAR] EU Considers Rules For Robots [PAR] The George Washington Bridge , a steel suspension bridge designed by Ammann , was significant first for its span length of 1,050 metres (3,500 feet) and second for its theoretical innovations. After studying deflection theory, Ammann concluded that no stiffness was needed in the deck at all, as it would be stabilized by the great weight of the bridge itself. Indeed, the George Washington Bridge is the heaviest single-span suspension bridge built to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robin Gibb's Death Latest Family Heartbreak - ABC News Robin Gibb's Death Latest Family Heartbreak - ABC News [PAR] ABC News [PAR] By EILEEN MURPHY and LUCHINA FISHER ( @luchina ) [PAR] May 21, 2012 [PAR] ABCNEWS.com [PAR] Robin Gibb was feeling better than he had in more than 10 years. [PAR] One of the founding members of the \"Bee Gees,\" along with his brothers Barry and Maurice, the 62-year-old had been working on his first classical concert, \"The Titanic Requiem,\" with his son Robin-John to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the disaster. [PAR] Preparing for the concert, he said, distracted him from his \"illness to such a degree that I truly believed it might have saved my life,\" according to the British newspaper, The Sun. In an interview with BBC radio in early February he proclaimed that he had made a \"spectacular recovery\" from cancer. [PAR] But when the Titanic concert debuted in London in March, Robin Gibb wasn't there. He had another setback and fell into a coma after undergoing intestinal surgery. Gibb rallied once again, coming out of the coma to the relief of his family and fans. On May 20 his family announced \"with great sadness that that Robin passed away Sunday following his long battle with cancer and intestinal surgery. The family have asked that their privacy is respected at this very difficult time.\" [PAR] Photos: Bee Gees Through The Years [PAR] After revealing his battle with cancer in October 2010, the disco icon had chemotherapy and underwent surgery to treat a twisted bowel, a congenital condition that killed his twin brother and fellow Bee Gee, Maurice, in 2003. In January of this year Robin's spokesman announced that doctors had found a growth in his colon but the singer was responding well to treatment despite his shockingly thin appearance. [PAR] Gibb's wife Dwina, his children and his 65-year old-brother, Barry Gibb, were at his bedside. His mother, 91- year-old Barbara Gibb has now lost her third son. Andy Gibb, the youngest of the four Gibb boys, died unexpectedly at age 30. [PAR] Robin Gibb's Unconventional Family [PAR] \"I sometimes wonder if all the tragedies my family has suffered, like Andy and Maurice dying so young and everything that's happened to me recently, is kind of a karmic price we are paying for all the fame and fortune we've had,\" Robin told the The Sun in March of this year. [PAR] The Bee Gees were one of most successful pop groups of all time, selling more than 200 million albums. \"Saturday Night Fever\" reigned as the top-selling album in history until Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\" topped it in the 1980's. [PAR] Robin was the lead singer of the original trio but Barry Gibb's signature falsetto sound on songs like \"Nights on Broadway\" dominated the group during their glory days. The group had exceptional success in the late 1960's and the 1970's, becoming a disco sensation with blockbuster hits \"Stayin' Alive\" and \"Night Fever.\" [PAR] The Brother's Gibb, as they were sometimes called, began to sing in harmonization and write songs together as young boys in England. But over their 50-year career they have seen their share of solo adventures, career slumps, suffered through the disco backlash, been the punch line of jokes and endured personal loss. [PAR] Fin Costello/Redferns/Getty Images [PAR] Andy Gibb [PAR] \"Tragedy,\" a hit song for the Bee Gees in 1979, has hit the family hard since 1988 when the youngest Gibb brother, Andy, a teen idol, died of heart failure at age 30. [PAR] Andy was never an actual \"Bee Gee\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Various Artists - Super Hits of the '70s: Have a Nice Day ... Various Artists - Super Hits of the '70s: Have a Nice Day, Vol. 13 - Amazon.com Music [PAR] Super Hits of the '70s: Have a Nice Day, Vol. 13 [PAR] Audio CD, October 15, 1990 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] Super Hits of the '70s: Have a Nice Day, Vol. 13 [PAR] $10.38 Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime Only 9 left in stock. Sold by skyvo-direct-usa and Fulfilled by Amazon . [PAR] Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Something we hope you'll especially enjoy: FBA items qualify for FREE Shipping and . [PAR] If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] Add all three to Cart [PAR] Add all three to List [PAR] Some of these items ship sooner than the others. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Super Hits of the '70s: Have a Nice Day, Vol. 13 by Various Artists Audio CD $10.38 [PAR] Only 9 left in stock. [PAR] Sold by skyvo-direct-usa and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Only 1 left in stock. [PAR] Sold by megahitrecords and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] In stock on January 15, 2017. [PAR] Sold by MEGA Media and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Super Hits of the '70 Have A Nice Day Vol 12. [PAR] Track Listings [PAR] 1. Midnight At The Oasis - Maria Muldaur [PAR] 2. My Girl Bill - Jim Stafford [PAR] 3. Billy, Don't Be A Hero - Bo Donaldson & The Heywoods [PAR] 4. Radar Love - Golden Earring [PAR] 5. The Night Chicago Died - Paper Lace [PAR] 6. Please Come To Boston - Dave Loggins [PAR] 7. Keep On Smilin' - Wet Willie [PAR] 8. Who Do You Think You Are - Bo Donaldson & The Heywoods [PAR] 9. Rock Me Gently - Andy Kim [PAR] 10. Beach Baby - First Class [PAR] 11. I Can Help - Billy Swan [PAR] 12. Life Is A Rock (But The Radio Rolled Me) - Reunion [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Audio CD (October 15, 1990) [PAR] Original Release Date: October 30, 1990 [PAR] Number of Discs: 1 [PAR] on July 5, 2000 [PAR] Format: Audio CD Verified Purchase [PAR] Volume 13 of the \"Have a Nice Day\" series could be just what you need to have that nice day. This disc has it all: the driving rockers \"Radar Love\" and \"The Night Chicago Died\", one of the decade's most beautiful ballads in Dave Loggins' \"Please Come to Boston\", the bubblegum flavored MOR pop cut \"Billy, Don't Be a Hero\" and plenty more. [PAR] Bill Stafford adds the sniggery cross-over hit \"My Girl Bill\" and Maria Muldaur goes one step further with the very suggestive \"Midnight at the Oasis.\" [PAR] In fact, Volume"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Hoskins - Biography - IMDb Bob Hoskins - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bob Hoskins [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 81 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (42) | Personal Quotes (28) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Bob Hoskins was born on October 26, 1942, in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, where his mother was living after being evacuated as a result of the heavy bombings. He is the son of Elsie Lillian (Hopkins), a nursery school teacher and cook, and Robert William Hoskins, Sr., who drove a lorry and worked as a bookkeeper. Growing up, Hoskins received only limited education and he left school at 15, but with a passion for language and literature instilled by his former English teacher. A regular theatre-goer, Hoskins dreamed of starring on stage, but before he could do so he had to work odd jobs for a long time to make ends meet. His acting career started out more by accident than by design, when he accompanied a friend to watch some auditions, only to be confused for one of the people auditioning, getting a script pushed into his hands with the message \"You're next\". He got the part and acquired an agent. After some stage success, he expanded to television with roles in television series such as Villains (1972) and Thick as Thieves (1974). In the mid-'70s, he started his film career, standing out when he performed alongside Richard Dreyfuss in John Byrum 's Inserts (1975) and in a smaller part in Richard Lester 's Royal Flash (1975). [PAR] Hoskins broke through in 1978 in Dennis Potter 's mini TV series, Pennies from Heaven (1978), playing \"Arthur Parker\", the doomed salesman. After this, a string of high-profile and successful films followed, starting with his true major movie debut in 1980's The Long Good Friday (1980) as the ultimately doomed \"Harold Shand\". This was followed by such works as The Cotton Club (1984), Mona Lisa (1986), which won him an Oscar nomination as well as a BAFTA award, Cannes Film Festival and Golden Globe), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) (Golden Globe nomination), Mermaids (1990), Hook (1991), Nixon (1995), Felicia's Journey (1999) and Enemy at the Gates (2001). [PAR] Hoskins always carefully balanced the riches of Hollywood with the labor of independent film, though leaned more towards the latter than the former. He worked at smaller projects such as Shane Meadows ' debut 24 7: Twenty Four Seven (1997), in which he starred as \"Allen Darcy\". Besides this, he found time to direct, write and star in The Raggedy Rawney (1988), as well as direct and star in Rainbow (1995), and contributing to HBO's Tales from the Crypt (1989) and Tube Tales (1999). [PAR] Suffering from Parkinson's disease in later years, Hoskins died of pneumonia at age 71 in a London hospital. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Thomas Beekers [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] (1982 - 29 April 2014) (his death) (2 children) [PAR] Jane Livesey [PAR] Gravelly voice and strong cockney accent. [PAR] Frequently played grouchy, short-tempered characters [PAR] Short stature [PAR] Trivia (42) [PAR] Ranked #97 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. [October 1997] [PAR] Father of Rosa Hoskins (born 1983) and Jack Hoskins (born 1986) with Linda Banwell. [PAR] Father of Alex Hoskins (born 1968) and Sarah Hoskins (born 1972) with Jane Livesey. [PAR] Claimed to never have taken an acting lesson in his life and believes in the talent to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peggy Lee - Biography - IMDb Peggy Lee - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Peggy Lee [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 42 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (27) | Personal Quotes (4) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Peggy Lee was Born Norma Dolores Egstrom in Jamestown, North Dakota, on May 26, 1920. At age four her mother died. Peggy's father, a railroad station agent, remarried but later left home, leaving Peggy's care entrusted to a stepmother who physically abused her. Peggy later memorialized this in the calypso number \"One Beating a Day\", one of 22 songs she co-wrote for the autobiographical musical \"Peg\", in which she made her Broadway debut in 1983 at the age of 62. As a youngster Peggy worked as a milkmaid, later turning to singing for money in her teens. While singing on a local radio station in Fargo, the program director there suggested she change her name to Peggy Lee. Peggy's big break came when Benny Goodman hired her to sing with his band after hearing her perform. Peggy shot to stardom when she and Goodman cut the hit record \"Why Don't You Do Right?\" and went out on her own to record such classics as \"Fever\", \"Lover\", \"Golden Earrings\", \"Big Spender\" and \"Is That All There Is?\" - the latter winning her a Grammy Award in 1969. Peggy's vocal style provided a distinctive imprint to countless swing tunes, ballads and big band numbers. She was considered the type of performer equally capable of interpreting a song as uniquely as Billie Holiday , Ella Fitzgerald and Bessie Smith . Her 1989 album, \"Peggy Sings the Blues\", was a Grammy Award nominee. Peggy was a prolific songwriter and arranger and her 1990 \"The Peggy Lee Songbook\" contained four songs she wrote with guitarist John Chiodini . Peggy also wrote for jazz greats Duke Ellington , who called her \"The Queen\", and Johnny Mercer , and composer Quincy Jones . Also in 1990 Peggy was awarded the coveted Pied Piper Award presented by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). She made her mark in Hollywood as an actress, winning an Academy Award nomination for her role as the hard-drinking singer in the jazz saga, Pete Kelly's Blues (1955) and composed songs for the 1955 Walt Disney animated classic Lady and the Tramp (1955). The animated film featured a character named Peg, a broken-down old showgirl of a dog, whose provocative walk was based on the stage-prowl of Peggy Lee. Later she sued Disney and won a landmark legal judgment for a portion of the profits from the videocassette sale of the film. Peggy's private life was racked by physical ailments, a near-fatal fall in 1976, diabetes and a stroke in 1998. She was married four times, all ending in divorce. She and first husband, guitarist Dave Barbour , had a daughter, Nicki, her only child. Peggy and Dave were on the verge of a reconciliation in 1965, but he died of a heart attack before the couple got back together. Peggy has left a vast legend of music that is constantly finding new generations of fans. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Kelly E.F. Wiebe (senhue@mts.net [PAR] Born Norma Dolores Egstrom in Jamestown, North Dakota, sultry song stylist Peggy Lee was the product of a troubled, abusive childhood, who used singing as an escape. She found work on a radio station as a teenager in Fargo and quickly changed her name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of The Championships, Wimbledon - Keith Prowse The History Of The Championships, Wimbledon, Wimbledon History [PAR] [PAR] How did it all begin? [PAR] The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club was founded in 1868 and is responsible for the world's leading tennis tournament. Lawn tennis, originally known as \u2018Sphairistike, was invented by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield and was introduced at the Club in 1875. Two years later, the Club was renamed \u201cThe All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club\u201d and the first ever Lawn Tennis Championship took place. A new code of laws was drawn up and most of these laws still stand today. [PAR] During this first Championship, only one event took place; the Men\u2019s Singles, which was won by Spencer Gore. Around 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final. [PAR] Just five years later, in 1882, the Club\u2019s main activity became lawn tennis and so in 1884, the All England Club (by this point the word \u201ccroquet\u201d had been dropped from their name) decided to add two further events; the Ladies' Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles (Ladies' Doubles and Mixed Doubles were added in 1913). [PAR] By the early 1900s the Club had outgrown its home in [PAR] Worple Road [PAR] , [PAR] Wimbledon [PAR] , where it had been since its formation. A lot had changed since the first ever Lawn Tennis Championship in 1877 (in which the final attracted 200 spectators) and the old grounds were no longer able to cope with the huge crowds who flocked to the event each year. [PAR] And so, in 1920, the decision to move was taken. A site was chosen just a mile or so from the [PAR] Worple Road [PAR] site \u2013 and the major undertaking of designing and constructing the new [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] began. Well known architect Captain Stanley Peach was commissioned to design the new [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] . To convince the Club\u2019s Committee, he built a huge scale model of [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] . His original blueprints for the [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] still exist (discovered recently in a basement storage area of the offices of Stanley Peach & Co). [PAR] A driving force throughout the project was Commander George Hillyard, secretary of the Club since 1907 and once a men\u2019s doubles finalist. Hillyard collaborated with Peach on the ambitious design and his mission for the Club was clear: [PAR] \u2018\u2018Let us look to it that we construct and equip our ground that it will immediately be recognised as the finest, not only in [PAR] England [PAR] Wimbledon [PAR] is acknowledged to be the World\u2019s premier tennis tournament and a Long Term Plan was unveiled in 1993 by the All England Lawn Tennis Club, which will improve the quality of the event for spectators, players, officials and neighbours in years to come. [PAR] The first stage of the Plan was completed in time for the 1997 Championships and involved building the new No. 1 Court, a Broadcast Centre, two extra grass courts, and a tunnel under the hill to link [PAR] Church Road [PAR] Somerset Road [PAR] . [PAR] The second stage involved the removal of the old No. 1 Court complex in order to make way for the new Millennium Building to provide extensive facilities for the players, press, officials and Members, and also the extension of the West Stand of Centre Court, creating a further 728 seats. [PAR] The third stage is currently under way with the recent redevelopment of the turnstile area, the construction of the new [PAR] Museum [PAR] Building"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Blues Brothers (1980) - IMDb The Blues Brothers (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Jake Blues, just out from prison, puts together his old band to save the Catholic home where he and brother Elwood were raised. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 04 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 05 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 09 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: The Blues Brothers (1980) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Elwood must reunite the old band, with a few new members, and go on another \"Mission from God.\" [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] At a 1962 college, Dean Vernon Wormer is determined to expel the entire Delta Tau Chi Fraternity, but those trouble-makers have other plans for him. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] Directors: Jim Abrahams, David Zucker, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Robert Hays, Julie Hagerty, Leslie Nielsen [PAR] An exclusive golf course has to deal with a brash new member and a destructive dancing gopher. [PAR] Director: Harold Ramis [PAR] A snobbish investor and a wily street con artist find their positions reversed as part of a bet by two callous millionaires. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] Incompetent police detective Frank Drebin must foil an attempt to assassinate Queen Elizabeth II . [PAR] Director: David Zucker [PAR] Planet Spaceballs' President Skroob sends Lord Dark Helmet to steal planet Druidia's abundant supply of air to replenish their own, and only Lone Starr can stop them. [PAR] Director: Mel Brooks [PAR] The Griswold family's cross-country drive to the Walley World theme park proves to be much more arduous than they ever anticipated. [PAR] Director: Harold Ramis [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] After the release of Jake Blues from prison, he and brother Elwood go to visit \"The Penguin\", the last of the nuns who raised them in a boarding school. They learn the Archdiocese will stop supporting the school and will sell the place to the Education Authority. The only way to keep the place open is if the $5000 tax on the property is paid within 11 days. The Blues Brothers want to help, and decide to put their blues band back together and raise the the money by staging a big gig. As they set off on their \"mission from God\" they seem to make more enemies along the way. Will they manage to come up with the money in time? Written by Sami Al-Taher <staher2000@yahoo.com> [PAR] The Most Dangerous Combination Since Nitro and Glycerine. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 20 June 1980 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] The Return of the Blues Brothers See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 4-Track Stereo (magnetic prints)| Mono (optical prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The record label president who offers the Blues Brothers a recording contract identifies himself as representing \"Clarion Records, the largest recording company on the eastern seaboard.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mickey Mouse - Ultimate Pop Culture Wiki - Wikia Mickey Mouse | Ultimate Pop Culture Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Ultimate Pop Culture Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] Mickey Mouse [PAR] Mickey Mouse is a comic animal cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company . Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Chuck Jones [1] and voiced by Walt Disney. The Walt Disney Company celebrates his birth as November 18, 1928 upon the release of Steamboat Willie . [2] The anthropomorphic mouse has evolved from being simply a character in animated cartoons and comic strips to become one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. Mickey is currently the main character in the Disney Channel 's Playhouse Disney series \" Mickey Mouse Clubhouse .\" Mickey is the leader of the Mickey Mouse Club . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] One of the first Mickeys [PAR] Mickey was created as a replacement for Oswald the Lucky Rabbit , an earlier cartoon character created by the Disney studio for Charles Mintz of Universal Studios . [3] [PAR] When Disney asked for a larger budget for his popular Oswald series, Mintz announced he had hired the bulk of Disney's staff, but that Disney could keep doing the Oswald series, as long as he agreed to a budget cut and went on the payroll. Mintz owned Oswald and thought he had Disney over a barrel. Angrily, Disney refused the deal and returned to produce the final Oswald cartoons he contractually owed Mintz. Disney was dismayed at the betrayal by his staff, but determined to restart from scratch. The new Disney Studio initially consisted of animator Ub Iwerks and a loyal apprentice artist, Les Clark. One lesson Disney learned from the experience was to thereafter always make sure that he owned all rights to the characters produced by his company. [PAR] In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar . (A male frog, also rejected, would later show up in Iwerks own Flip the Frog series.) [4] Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from his old pet mouse he used to have on his farm. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. [5] \" Mortimer Mouse \" had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. [6] [7] Actor Mickey Rooney has claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. [8] Said Disney: [PAR] \"We felt that the public, and especially the children, like animals that are cute and little. I think we are rather indebted to Charlie Chaplin for the idea. We wanted something appealing, and we thought of a tiny bit of a mouse that would have something of the wistfulness of Chaplin \u2014 a little fellow trying to do the best he could. When people laugh at Mickey Mouse, it's because he's so human; and that is the secret of his popularity. I only hope that we don't lose sight of one thing \u2014 that it was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Surtsey - General information Surtsey - General information [PAR] GENERAL INFORMATION [PAR] The Surtsey Eruption 1963-1967 [PAR] The Surtsey eruption is among the longest eruptions to have occurred in Iceland in historical times. The first sign of an eruption came early in the morning of November 14, 1963, at a site approximately 18 km southwest of Heimaey, the largest of the Vestmannaeyjar (Westman Islands). The eruption is believed to have commenced a few days earlier on the sea floor, at a depth of 130 m. Explosive phases characterized the Surtsey eruption in the beginning, and due to the rapid cooling effects of the sea, the hot magma transformed into tephra (volcanic ash). The tephra production was tremendous, and an island had already been formed the day after \u2013 on November 15. By the end of January 1964, the new island\u2019s elevation was 174 m, or over 300 m above the sea floor where it had all begun. The eruption activity moved to the northwest on February 1, 1964, where tephra erupted from young Surtur (Surtungur) until the beginning of April. From December 28, 1963, to January 6, 1964, a submarine eruption was evident in a location approximately 2.5 km east-northeast of Surtsey. A ridge some 100 m high formed on the sea floor. It was given the name Surtla but never grew to become an island, as did Surtsey. [PAR] On April 4, 1964, a lava eruption commenced in the western crater on Surtsey. The lava flowed mainly to the south and east and formed a broad lava shield that was, in the end, 100 m thick at the crater. On May 17, 1964, the lava eruption from this crater ceased. By that time Surtsey had grown in area to 2.4 km\u00b2. At the end of May 1965, a new eruption seemed to be taking place at the bottom of the ocean 0.6 km east-northeast of Surtsey, and on May 28 an island could be seen. This island was called Syrtlingur, and explosion eruptions occurred there until the beginning of October 1965. Syrtlingur reached a maximum area of 0.15 km\u00b2, but it did not remain in existence for long. The tiny island was quickly broken down by the ocean and had disappeared completely by October 24, 1965. [PAR] Another small island, J\u00f3lnir, was formed during Christmas 1965, in an eruption on the sea floor 0.9 km to the southwest of Surtsey. This island was in many respects very similar to Syrtlingur. It was about 70 m high and reached an area of approximately 0.3 km\u00b2. J\u00f3lnir was seen to erupt for the last time on August 10, 1966, and it had disappeared into the depths of the sea by the end of October that same year. [PAR] On August 19, 1966, a lava eruption began anew on Surtsey, this time from new craters in the eastern tephra crater; i.e., in old Surtur. Lava flowed from these craters to the east and southeast until the beginning of June 1967, when the Surtsey eruption ceased. From December 1966 until January 1967 there were also eruptions in five different locations in the eastern tephra crater, but lava flow was limited. [PAR] When the eruptions had come to an end in June 1967, they had lasted for over three and a half year. The area of the island was 2.7 km\u00b2 at this time. A total of 1.1 km\u00b3 of volcanic products arose from the Surtsey eruption, of which 60-70% were tephra and 30-40% lava. [PAR] In many respects the Surtsey eruption is comparable to eruptions that led to the formation of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carlos Santana | Biography & History | AllMusic Carlos Santana | Biography & History | AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] Artist Biography by William Ruhlmann [PAR] Mexican-born American guitarist Carlos Santana is best known as the leader of the band that bears his last name, which has toured and recorded successfully since the late '60s. He has also recorded a series of exploratory solo albums and collaborations with other musicians that expand upon his basic musical style. [PAR] Carlos Santana grew up in Mexico, the son of a father who was a mariachi violinist. He took up the violin at five, but at eight switched to the guitar. The family moved to Tijuana, where he began playing in clubs and bars. In the early '60s, the family moved to San Francisco. Santana at first remained in Tijuana, but he later joined them and attended Mission High School, graduating in June 1965. In 1966, he was one of the founders of the Santana Blues Band. Despite the name, the group was at first a collective; it was required to name a nominal leader due to a provision of the musicians union. The name was eventually shortened to Santana and the band debuted at the Fillmore West theater in San Francisco on June 16, 1968. That September, Carlos played guitar at a concert held at the Fillmore West by Al Kooper to record a follow-up to the Super Session album that had featured him with Mike Bloomfield and Steve Stills. The result was The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper, which marked Santana's recording debut. [PAR] Meanwhile, Santana was signed to Columbia Records and recorded a self-titled debut album. At this point, the group was a sextet consisting of Carlos (guitar), Gregg Rolie (keyboards and vocals), David Brown (bass), Michael Shrieve (drums), Jose \"Chepito\" Areas (percussion), and Michael Carabello (percussion). Santana toured the U.S. prior to the release of the album, including a notable appearance at the celebrated Woodstock festival in August 1969 that was filmed and recorded. Santana was released the same month, and it became a massive hit, as did its follow-ups Abraxas (1970) and Santana III (1971). After completing recording and touring activities in connection with Santana III , the original Santana band broke up. [PAR] Carlos retained rights to the group's name and he proceeded to lead a band called Santana from then on, though it consisted of himself and a constantly changing collection of hired musicians. His first recording after the breakup of the original group was a live show performed in Hawaii with singer and drummer Buddy Miles , released in June 1972 as Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live! Consistent with the success of the Santana band, the album reached the Top Ten and eventually went platinum. Following the release of the Santana band album Caravanserai (1972), Carlos formed a duo with John McLaughlin , guitarist for the Mahavishnu Orchestra . The two shared a spiritual leader in guru Sri Chinmoy, who bestowed upon Carlos the name Devadip, meaning \"the eye, the lamp, and the light of God.\" Devadip Carlos Santana and Mahavishnu John McLaughlin's duo album Love Devotion Surrender was released in June 1973. It reached the Top 20 and eventually went gold. After releasing another Santana band project, Welcome , Carlos next teamed up with another religious disciple, Turiya Alice Coltrane, widow of John Coltrane , for a third duo album. Their collaboration, Illuminations , was released in September 1974; it spent two months in the charts, peaking in the bottom quarter of the Top 100. [PAR] Carlos focused on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morgan Fairchild - Biography - IMDb Morgan Fairchild - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Morgan Fairchild [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 29 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (17) | Personal Quotes (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 4\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] This elegant lady defined the television version of the rich, sophisticated businesswoman who knows what she wants, and will do whatever it takes to get it. She was born Patsy Ann McClenny on February 3, 1950 in Dallas, Texas. She began acting as a child, when her mother enrolled her in drama lessons after she was too shy to give a book report in class. From the age of 10, she performed in children's plays. Later, she would do dinner theater and stock productions in Dallas. She chose Morgan as a stage name. In 1973, Morgan decided to pursue a career in television; just 6 weeks after moving to New York, she landed the key role of Jennifer in the daytime soap opera Search for Tomorrow (1951); she stayed on until 1977. [PAR] Morgan moved to Los Angeles, where she originated the role of Jenna Wade on the wildly popular nighttime soap opera Dallas (1978) (Jenna was later portrayed by Priscilla Presley ). Morgan made numerous guest appearances on television series. She played Constance (Weldon) Carlyle in Flamingo Road (1980), and she was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Actress; that was her breakout series that propelled her to stardom. [PAR] Morgan continued to perform in live theater, her acclaimed portrayal of Skye in the off-Broadway comedy \"Geniuses\" helped make it one of the \"Top Ten Plays\" of the year according to Time Magazine and the New York Times. Other stage appearances have included productions of \"Goodbye Charlie\" and \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.\" On television, she played the naughty Racine in the soap opera Paper Dolls (1984) in 1984. Later, she starred in the soap opera Falcon Crest (1981) from 1985-86, having made a niche for herself playing ambitious beauties. Morgan received an Emmy nomination for a special episode of Murphy Brown (1988). [PAR] Morgan has shared some of her beauty secrets by authoring the book \"Super Looks\" which is a complete guide that includes makeup, exercise, and diet tips. Morgan is a member of the Entertainment Industry AIDS Task Force. She is an active speaker on environmental issues and helped found the Environmental Communications Office, which encourages entertainment industry professionals to become better educated and more active on environmental issues. Morgan is a collector of movie memorabilia (particularly anything about Marilyn Monroe ) and antique clothing. She is a ballet fan and is also interested in anthropology and paleontology; Morgan is truly a brainy beauty. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: kdhaisch@aol.com [PAR] Spouse (1)"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diana's personal struggles | UK | News | Daily Express Diana's personal struggles | UK | News | Daily Express [PAR] UK [PAR] Diana's personal struggles [PAR] Throughout her life, Princess Diana appeared a tower of strength and energy. But privately she faced an ongoing battle with feelings of low self-esteem and unworthiness. [PAR] 00:00, Thu, Feb 22, 2007 [PAR] Diana, Princess of Wales [PAR] In 1993 Diana gave a remarkably frank interview with the BBC in which she spoke about the breakdown of her marriage and her struggles with bulimia and post-natal depression. [PAR] Her fairytale wedding to Prince Charles at the tender age of 19 bought with it an intense amount of pressure, not least from the media. She later spoke of how she did not receive enough preparation or support for such an overwhelming role. [PAR] Having seen her own parents go through a bitter divorce, Diana desperately wanted her marriage to work. She was clearly in awe of Charles during their courtship, but it quickly became clear that the couple were ill-matched. [PAR] The public and media showered Diana with attention and affection, but this only caused more problems for her marriage. It is said Charles grew to resent being constantly overshadowed by his popular new wife. [PAR] After the birth of Prince William when Diana was 20, she experienced post-natal depression and turned to self-harm as an escape. She went on to suffer from the eating disorder bulimia for a number of years. [PAR] I was crying out for help, but giving the wrong signals. [PAR] Diana, Princess of Wales [PAR] She later said, \u201cI was crying out for help, but giving the wrong signals. \u201d [PAR] Diana\u2019s feelings of \u201cbeing useless and hopeless\u201d were compounded when Prince Charles resumed his relationship with Mrs Camilla Parker-Bowles in around 1986. Diana famously said, \u201cThere were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded. \u201d [PAR] Desperately unhappy in her marriage and not feeling that she had enough support from the establishment, Diana found strength in helping others through her charity work. [PAR] As Charles Spencer said at Diana\u2019s funeral, \u201cDiana remained throughout a very insecure person at heart, almost childlike in her desire to do good for others so she could release herself from deep feelings of unworthiness. \u201d [PAR] Her turbulent private life was always the focus of intense speculation in the media. She admitted to having an affair with Life Guards officer James Hewitt, who published a book about their relationship. [PAR] In 1989, a telephone conversation between her and car dealer James Gilby was recorded and leaked to the press. During the conversation, he infamously referred to her as \u201csquidgy\u201d. [PAR] Diana was also linked to a married arts dealer called Oliver Hoare. She was accused of making up to 300 nuisance phone calls to his wife after their affair finished \u2013 something she always denied. [PAR] In 1995, Diana struck up a relationship with Will Carling, the England rugby union captain, who she had met at her exclusive London gym. Although he denied an affair, speculation heightened when Carling\u2019s marriage broke up. [PAR] In the last year of her life, Diana was linked with heart surgeon Dr. Hasnat Khan. She met him through her charity work at the Royal Brompton Hospital, where she watched a heart operation. But Khan was a shy and conservative man who found Diana\u2019s fame and \u2018baggage\u2019 too overwhelming. [PAR] Tragically, it seems Diana was killed at a time when she had finally found joy in her private life. Although we will"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brad Pitt - Biography - IMDb Brad Pitt - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Brad Pitt [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 177 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (112) | Personal Quotes (38) | Salary (18) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] An actor and producer known as much for his versatility as he is for his handsome face, Golden Globe-winner Brad Pitt's most widely recognized role may be Tyler Durden in Fight Club (1999). However, his portrayals of Billy Beane in Moneyball (2011), and Rusty Ryan in the remake of Ocean's Eleven (2001) and its sequels, also loom large in his filmography. [PAR] Pitt was born William Bradley Pitt on December 18th, 1963, in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and was raised in Springfield, Missouri. He is the son of Jane Etta (Hillhouse), a school counselor, and William Alvin Pitt, a truck company manager. He has a younger brother, Douglas (Doug) Pitt, and a younger sister, Julie Neal Pitt. At Kickapoo High School, Pitt was involved in sports, debating, student government and school musicals. Pitt attended the University of Missouri, where he majored in journalism with a focus on advertising. He occasionally acted in fraternity shows. He left college two credits short of graduating to move to California. Before he became successful at acting, Pitt supported himself by driving strippers in limos, moving refrigerators and dressing as a giant chicken while working for \"el Pollo Loco\". [PAR] Pitt's earliest credited roles were in television, starting on the daytime soap opera Another World (1964) before appearing in the recurring role of Randy on the legendary prime time soap opera Dallas (1978). Following a string of guest appearances on various television series through the 1980s, Pitt gained widespread attention with a small part in Thelma & Louise (1991), in which he played a sexy criminal who romanced and conned Geena Davis . This lead to starring roles in badly received films such as Johnny Suede (1991) and Cool World (1992). [PAR] But Pitt's career hit an upswing with his casting in A River Runs Through It (1992), which cemented his status as an multi-layered actor as opposed to just a pretty face. Pitt's subsequent projects were as quirky and varied in tone as his performances, ranging from his unforgettably comic cameo as stoner roommate Floyd in True Romance (1993) to romantic roles in such visually lavish films as Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (1994) and Legends of the Fall (1994), to an emotionally tortured detective in the horror-thriller Se7en (1995). His portrayal of frenetic oddball Jeffrey Goines in Twelve Monkeys (1995) won him a Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role. [PAR] Pitt's portrayal of Achilles in the big-budget period drama Troy (2004) helped establish his appeal as action star and was closely followed by a co-starring role in the stylish spy-versus-spy flick Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005). It was on the set of Mr. & Mrs. Smith that Pitt, who married Jennifer Aniston in a highly publicized ceremony in 2000, met his current partner Angelina Jolie . Pitt left Aniston for Jolie in 2005, a break-up that continues to fuel tabloid stories years after its occurrence. [PAR] He continues to wildly vary his film choices, appearing in everything from high-concept popcorn flicks such as Megamind (2010) to adventurous critic-bait like Inglourious Basterds (2009) and The Tree of Life (2011). He has received two Best Actor Oscar nominations, for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Lennon | Rolling Stone John Lennon | Rolling Stone [PAR] artists > J > John Lennon > Bio [PAR] John Lennon Bio [PAR] John Lennon was the most iconic Beatle. He was group's most committed rock & roller, its social conscience, and its slyest verbal wit. With the Beatles, he wrote or co-wrote dozens of classics \u2013 from \"She Loves You\" to \"Come Together\" \u2013 and delivered many of them with a cutting, humane, and distinct voice that would make him one of the greatest singers rock has ever produced. [PAR] Lennon's brutally confessional solo work and his political activism were a huge influence on subsequent generations of singers, songwriters and social reformers. After the Beatles' breakup, he and wife Yoko Ono recorded together and separately, striving to break taboos and to be ruthlessly, publicly honest in their music and public performances. When Lennon was murdered on December 8, 1980, he seemed on the verge of a new, more optimistic phase. In the years since, his image has become a staple of T-shirts and posters, used by rock fans and activists alike as a symbol of peace. [PAR] He was born John Winston Lennon on October 9, 1940. Like the other three Beatles, Lennon grew up in a working-class family in Liverpool. His parents, Julia and Fred, separated before he was two (Lennon saw his father only twice in the next 20 years), and Lennon went to live with his mother's sister Mimi Smith; when Lennon was 17 his mother was killed by a bus. He attended Liverpool's Dovedale Primary School and later the Quarry Bank High School, which supplied the name for his first band, a skiffle group called the Quarrymen, which he started in 1955. [PAR] In the summer of 1956 he met Paul McCartney, and they began writing songs together and forming groups, the last of which was the Beatles. As half of the official songwriting team Lennon/McCartney, Lennon himself penned some of the Beatles' most well-known songs over the next decade including \"A Hard Day's Night,\" \"Help!\" \"Nowhere Man,\" \"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown),\" \"Ticket To Ride,\" \"All You Need Is Love,\" \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds,\" \"Strawberry Fields Forever,\" \"Across the Universe,\" \"Revolution,\" and \"Come Together.\" Lennon, who had wanted to quit the Beatles just before the band's official breakup in 1970, began his career apart from the band in 1968 when he and Ono recorded Two Virgins. It was an album of avant-garde music most notable for its controversial cover featuring the couple fully nude; the album was shipped in plain brown wrapper. He would go on to record more than half of his solo albums with Ono. [PAR] Lennon and Ono had been corresponding since he met the artist at a 1966 showing of her work at the Indica art gallery in London. The following year Lennon sponsored Ono's \"Half Wind Show\" at London's Lisson Gallery. In May 1968 Ono visited Lennon at his home in Weybridge, and that night they recorded the tapes that would be released as Two Virgins. (The nude cover shots, taken by Lennon with an automatic camera, were photographed then as well.) Lennon soon separated from his wife, Cynthia (with whom he had one child, Julian, in 1964); they were divorced that November. Lennon and Ono became constant companions. Frustrated by his role with the Beatles, Lennon, with Ono, explored avant-garde performance art, music, and film. While he regarded his relationship with Ono as the most important thing in his life, the couple's inseparability and Ono's influence over Lennon would be a source"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elton John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Elton John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Elton John [PAR] EltonJohn.com [PAR] Sir Elton Hercules [1] John, CBE [2] (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 ) is an English pop / rock singer , composer and pianist . In a career spanning five decades, Elton John has sold over 250 million records [3] and has over 50 Top 40 hits, making him one of the most successful musicians of all time. [PAR] John was one of the dominant commercial forces in the rock world during the 1970s, with a string of seven consecutive #1 records on the U.S. album charts, 23 Top 40 singles, 16 Top 10 ones, and six #1 hits. His success had a profound impact on popular music , and contributed to the continued popularity of the piano in rock and roll . Key musical elements in John's success included his melodic gifts matched with the contributions of his lyricist partner Bernie Taupin , his rich tenor and gospel -chorded piano, aggressive string arrangements, and his flamboyant fashion sense and on-stage showmanship. [PAR] In the early 1990s, John publicly revealed the personal costs of his rock-star extravagance: his ongoing struggle with drug abuse , depression and bulimia .[ citation needed ] He continues to be a major public figure, and has been heavily involved in the fight against AIDS since the late 1980s . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 and was knighted in 1998, and has remained an enduringly successful artist. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Life and career [PAR] Early years (1947\u20131962) [PAR] Reginald Kenneth Dwight was born in Pinner , Middlesex , a London suburb. His father, Stanley Dwight, was an officer in the Royal Air Force and was frequently away. When the elder Dwight was home, he was demanding, disapproving, and difficult to please, a frightening countenance. Reggie's mother, the former Sheila Harris, was strict, but in contrast to her husband was Elton's true mentor, confidant, and confidence-booster. Years later, she said that her son grew up \"a bundle of nerves.\" Reggie's childhood was marred by terrible arguments between his parents. But something happened in 1950 that would set his life on an immutable course; at age three, he started playing the piano by ear. [PAR] The home's general tunefulness encouraged Reggie's entry into music. Stanley Dwight had once played trumpet with an American-styled big band called Bob Miller and The Millermen. He and Sheila were avid record buyers, exposing Reggie to the music of pianists Winifred Atwell , Nat King Cole , and George Shearing , and to singers Rosemary Clooney , Frank Sinatra , Kay Starr , Johnny Ray , Guy Mitchell , Jo Stafford , and Frankie Laine . By the time he was four, his parents recognized Reggie's talent, and would often ask him to play at parties. [PAR] In 1956, Reggie discovered Elvis Presley . Soon his mother was buying him records by rock 'n' roll acts like Presley and Bill Haley and His Comets . By the time he started attending the Royal Academy of Music on a scholarship at age 11, Reggie's musical mind was firmly wedded to rock'n'roll. [PAR] Reggie preferred playing by ear. Subprofessor Helen Piena once said that upon the boy's entrance into the Academy, she'd played him a four-page piece by Handel , which he promptly played back for her like a \"gramophone record.\" Reggie enjoyed playing Chopin and Bach and singing in the choir during his Saturday"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quincy Jones Biography -- Academy of Achievement Quincy Jones - Academy of Achievement [PAR] Quincy Jones [PAR] Listen to this achiever on What It Takes [PAR] What It Takes is an audio podcast on iTunes produced by the American Academy of Achievement featuring intimate, revealing conversations with influential leaders in the diverse fields of endeavor: music, science and exploration, sports, film, technology, literature, the military and social justice. [PAR] It\u2019s like a melody. You can study orchestration, you can study harmony and theory and everything else, but melodies come straight from God. [PAR] Grammy Legend Award [PAR] Date of Birth [PAR] March 14, 1933 [PAR] Quincy Delight Jones, Jr., known to his friends as \u201cQ,\u201d was born on Chicago\u2019s South Side. When he was ten he moved, with his father and stepmother, to Bremerton, Washington, a suburb of Seattle. He first fell in love with music when he was in elementary school, and tried nearly all the instruments in his school band before settling on the trumpet. While barely in his teens, Quincy befriended a local singer-pianist, only three years his senior. His name was Ray Charles. The two youths formed a combo, eventually landing small club and wedding gigs. [PAR] Quincy Jones and his brother, Lloyd, 1935. (Courtesy Quincy Jones) [PAR] At 18, the young trumpeter won a scholarship to Berklee College of Music in Boston, but dropped out abruptly when he received an offer to go on the road with bandleader Lionel Hampton. The stint with Hampton led to work as a freelance arranger. Jones settled in New York, where, throughout the 1950s, he wrote charts for Tommy Dorsey, Gene Krupa, Sarah Vaughan, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Dinah Washington, Cannonball Adderley and his old friend Ray Charles. [PAR] By 1956, Quincy Jones was performing as a trumpeter and music director with the Dizzy Gillespie band on a State Department-sponsored tour of the Middle East and South America. Shortly after his return, he recorded his first album as a bandleader in his own right for ABC Paramount Records. [PAR] Quincy Delight Jones Jr., 27-year-old musician and conductor, with his Big Band in Vienna, Austria. 1960. (Getty) [PAR] In 1957, Quincy settled in Paris, where he studied composition with Nadia Boulanger and Olivier Messiaen, and worked as a music director for Barclay Disques, Mercury Records\u2019 French distributor. As musical director of Harold Arlen\u2019s jazz musical Free and Easy, Quincy Jones took to the road again. A European tour closed in Paris in February 1960. With musicians from the Arlen show, Jones formed his own big band, with 18 artists \u2014 plus their families \u2014 in tow. European and American concerts met enthusiastic audiences and sparkling reviews, but concert earnings could not support a band of this size, and the band dissolved, leaving its leader deeply in debt. [PAR] After a personal loan from Mercury Records head Irving Green helped resolve his financial difficulties, Jones went to work in New York as music director for the label. In 1964, he was named a vice president of Mercury Records, the first African American to hold such an executive position in a white-owned record company. [PAR] 1964: Jazz musician, arranger, and composer Quincy Jones works with legendary singer and actor Frank Sinatra. [PAR] In that same year, Quincy Jones turned his attention to another musical area that had long been closed to blacks \u2014 the world of film scores. At the invitation of director Sidney Lumet, he composed the music for The Pawnbroker. [PAR] Following the success of The Pawnbroker, Jones left Mercury Records and moved to Los Angeles. After his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flight Reservation FAQs | United Airlines Flight Reservation FAQs | United Airlines [PAR] Make flight reservations You are here. [PAR] Make flight reservations [PAR] Making a reservation [PAR] Do I have to be a MileagePlus member to book flights on united.com? [PAR] No, anyone with a billing address in a country where United offers flight service may book online. We encourage MileagePlus members to sign in before or during the booking process so they can have their travel and payment information provided to them. [PAR] I do not live in the United States, can I book a ticket in my local currency on united.com? [PAR] Yes, just select your billing country at the top of the page. See our list of countries where you can book airline tickets on united.com. [PAR] What does \"billing address country\" mean? [PAR] Billing address country refers to the country in which you either receive your billing statement from the credit card you plan to use, or the country in which you plan to pay in cash at a Western Union or United ticketing facility. [PAR] I don't have a credit or debit card. Can I still book a flight on united.com? [PAR] Yes, united.com offers the opportunity to pay cash at a Western Union or United ticketing facility, use PayPal Credit or with an online check from your checking or savings account from TeleCheck\u00ae. [PAR] Your payment options include: [PAR] Cash payment at an airport ticket office, United ticket office or a Western Union location. [PAR] Is it safe to submit a credit card to united.com? [PAR] Yes, your credit card information is secured using advanced Web technology called Secure Socket Layer (SSL) to protect personal information as it travels across the Internet. SSL is an industry standard technology supported by Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Firefox, and other popular Web browsers. United uses SSL to completely encrypt your credit card data so that it cannot be read by anyone else. [PAR] I need to buy an airline ticket for a child under the age of 15 to travel alone. Can I purchase the ticket online? [PAR] Yes, MileagePlus members may book a ticket for an unaccompanied minor online. Please see our unaccompanied minor policy for details. [PAR] Do I need to make a reservation for a lap infant? [PAR] Yes, select the All search options link in the flight search box on the homepage and enter the number of infants traveling in adult laps. See our traveling with children policy for details. [PAR] Can I include my in-cabin pet in my reservation? [PAR] Yes, on the View Current Reservation page you can select Add Pet to add your pet traveling in-cabin to your existing reservation. United allows domesticated cats, dogs, pet rabbits and household birds (excluding cockatoos) to be carried in the aircraft cabin on most flights within the U.S. An in-cabin pet may be carried instead in addition to a carry-on bag and is subject to a service charge each way. In-cabin pets can be booked online or by calling the United Customer Contact Center at 1-800-UNITED-1 (1-800-864-8331). For additional information, please visit our In-Cabin Pets page. [PAR] Booking process [PAR] What cities does United Airlines serve? [PAR] See a list of the cities that are served by United and its partners or visit our Timetable Web page to see the latest schedules. [PAR] I received a promotional offer to be redeemed online. How can I redeem it? [PAR] If you have an offer code, you can select \u201cAll Search Options\u201d on the home page and then enter it in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Milestones: 1961\u20131968 - Office of the Historian Milestones: 1961\u20131968 - Office of the Historian [PAR] Milestones: 1961\u20131968 [PAR] U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War: the Gulf of Tonkin and Escalation, 1964 [PAR] In early August 1964, two U.S. destroyers stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin in Vietnam radioed that they had been fired upon by North Vietnamese forces. In response to these reported incidents, President Lyndon B. Johnson requested permission from the U.S. Congress to increase the U.S. military presence in Indochina. On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. This resolution became the legal basis for the Johnson and Nixon Administrations prosecution of the Vietnam War. [PAR] Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara points out action in Gulf of Tonkin during a briefing at the Pentagon. (AP Photo/Bob Schutz) [PAR] After the end of the First Indochina War and the Viet Minh defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the countries meeting at the Geneva Conference divided Vietnam into northern and southern halves, ruled by separate regimes, and scheduled elections to reunite the country under a unified government. The communists seemed likely to win those elections, thanks mostly to their superior organization and greater appeal in the countryside. The United States, however, was dedicated to containing the spread of communist regimes and, invoking the charter of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (1954), supported the South Vietnamese leader, Ngo Dinh Diem, when he refused to hold the elections. Diem held control of the South Vietnamese Government, but he could not halt the communist infiltration of the South. By 1959, the Viet Cong, South Vietnamese communist guerillas, and the Viet Minh, began a large scale insurgency in the South that marked the opening of the Second Indochina War. [PAR] Ngo Dinh Diem failed to capture the loyalties of the people of South Vietnam the way that Ho Chi Minh had done among the population of North Vietnam. Despite U.S. support, Diem\u2019s rural policies and ambivalent attitude toward necessary changes like land reform only bolstered support for the Viet Cong in the southern countryside. By 1963, Diem\u2019s rule had so deteriorated that he was overthrown and assassinated by several of his generals with the tacit approval of the Kennedy Administration. Three weeks later, U.S. President John F. Kennedy was also assassinated, and the war continued under new leadership in both countries. Before his death, Kennedy had increased the U.S. advisory presence in South Vietnam in the hopes that a U.S.-supported program of \u201cnation-building\u201d would strengthen the new South Vietnamese government. However, South Vietnam continued to experience political instability and military losses to North Vietnam. [PAR] By August, 1964, the Johnson Administration believed that escalation of the U.S. presence in Vietnam was the only solution. The post-Diem South proved no more stable than it had been before his ouster, and South Vietnamese troops were generally ineffective. In addition to supporting on-going South Vietnamese raids in the countryside and implementing a U.S. program of bombing the Lao border to disrupt supply lines, the U.S. military began backing South Vietnamese raids of the North Vietnamese coast. The U.S. Navy stationed two destroyers, the Maddox and the Turner Joy, in the Gulf of Tonkin to bolster these actions. They reported an attack by North Vietnamese patrol boats on August 2, and a second attack on August 4. Doubts later emerged as to whether or not the attack against the Turner Joy had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson's Top 50 Billboard Hit Songs on Hot 100 ... Michael Jackson's Top 50 Billboard Hit Songs on Hot 100 Chart | Billboard [PAR] \"Lookin' Through The Windows\" The Jackson 5 [PAR] Hot 100 Peak Position: 16 [PAR] Peak Date: August 26, 1972 [PAR] Weeks On Chart: 10 [PAR] Jackson's Billboard chart history began with a streak of extraordinary success, as the Jackson 5's first 20 entries on what's now known as R&B/Hip-Hop Songs all reached the top 10. This song marked the 10th top 10 in-a-row for the act on R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, reaching No. 5 in 1972. On the Billboard Hot 100, the track peaked at No. 16. The title cut from the group's fifth studio album illustrated the maturation of Michael, then 13, from boy soprano to the tenor who would subsequently reign as the King of Pop. [PAR] 49 [PAR] Hot 100 Peak Position: 28 [PAR] Peak Date: October 6, 1973 [PAR] Weeks On Chart: 13 [PAR] The Jacksons' 1984 \"Victory\" album spawned multiple hits, including this funky rock number, which peaked at No. 17 on the Hot 100. While it was the second single from \"Victory,\" it yielded the first music video produced for the album. Ironically, though Michael and Jermaine Jackson share lead on the song, neither appears in the clip, which was choreographed by Paula Abdul. [PAR] 48 [PAR] \"Get It Together\" The Jackson 5 [PAR] Hot 100 Peak Position: 28 [PAR] Peak Date: October 6, 1973 [PAR] Weeks On Chart: 13 [PAR] In 1973, Michael and his brothers weren't begging girls to stick around just yet. In fact, the Jackson 5's funk-flavored pop single \"Get It Together\" featured sweet vocals delivering a not-so-sweet message: \"Get up off your high horse, girl.\" The band wasn't messing around in its lyrics or on the charts. Although the song peaked at No. 28 on the Hot 100, it was a No. 2 smash for the group on Billboard's R&B songs chart. [PAR] 47 [PAR] \"You Rock My World\" Michael Jackson [PAR] Hot 100 Peak Position: 10 [PAR] Peak Date: September 22, 2001 [PAR] Weeks On Chart: 20 [PAR] The lead single from Jackson's 2001 studio album \"Invincible\" peaked at No. 10 on the Hot 100, marking the King of Pop's final top 10 hit on the tally to-date. Co-produced by Jackson and Rodney Jerkins, the song was ushered in by an unsurprisingly lavish music video directed by Paul Hunter. The clip features Chris Tucker as Jackson's comic foil, along with turns from Michael Madsen and Marlon Brando. [PAR] 46 [PAR] Hot 100 Peak Position: 22 [PAR] Peak Date: February 14, 1981 [PAR] Weeks On Chart: 16 [PAR] \"Heartbreak Hotel\" was released June 17, 1980, and was the second single off the Jacksons' \"Triumph\" album. It peaked at No. 22 on the Hot 100. \"One time Michael called me into a Hollywood studio to play a solo on a song that turned out to be 'Heartbreak Hotel,' \" says Paul Jackson Jr., his longtime guitarist. \"I asked him what kind of solo he wanted. The solo I played on the record is what he sang to me note for note.\" [PAR] 45 [PAR] \"Corner Of The Sky\" The Jackson 5 [PAR] Hot 100 Peak Position: 18 [PAR] Peak Date: December 16, 1972 [PAR] Weeks On Chart: 12 [PAR] The Jackson 5 lent its soulful pop to the 1970s musical \"Pippin\" in the form of the track \"Corner Of The Sky.\" In line with the musical's plot, \"Corner Of The Sky\" is about seeking out happiness in life (\"But I won't rest/ 'Til I know"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tanzania travel guide - Wikitravel Tanzania travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] This is probably one of the oldest known continuously inhabited areas on Earth; fossil remains of humans and pre-human hominids have been found dating back over two million years. Tanzania is believed to have been populated by hunter-gatherer communities, probably Cushitic and Khoisan speaking people. About 2000 years ago, it is believed that Bantu-speaking people began to arrive from western Africa in a series of migrations. Later, Nilotic pastoralists arrived, and continued to immigrate into the area through to the 18th century. [PAR] Travelers and merchants from the Persian Gulf and Western India have visited the East African coast since early in the first millennium CE. Islam was practised on the Swahili coast as early as the eighth or ninth century CE. [PAR] In the late 19th century, Imperial Germany conquered the regions that are now Tanzania (minus Zanzibar), Rwanda, and Burundi, and incorporated them into German East Africa. The post-World War I accords and the League of Nations charter designated the area a British Mandate, except for a small area in the northwest, which was ceded to Belgium and later became Rwanda and Burundi. British rule came to an end in 1961 after a relatively peaceful transition to independence. In 1954, Julius Nyerere transformed an organization into the politically oriented Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Nyerere became Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960 and continued as Prime Minister when Tanganyika became officially independent in 1961. After the Zanzibar Revolution overthrew the Arab dynasty in neighboring Zanzibar, which had become independent in 1963, the island merged with mainland Tanganyika to form the nation of Tanzania on 26 April 1964. [PAR] From the late 1970s, Tanzania's economy took a turn for the worse. Tanzania aligned with China, seeking Chinese aid. The Chinese were quick to comply, but with the condition that all projects be completed by imported Chinese labor. From the mid 1980s, the regime financed itself by borrowing from the International Monetary Fund and underwent some reforms. From the mid 1980s Tanzania's GDP per capita has grown and poverty has been reduced. [PAR] Geography[ edit ] [PAR] A large central plateau makes up most of the mainland, at between 900 m and 1800 m. The mountain ranges of the Eastern Arc and the Southern and Northern Highlands cut across the country to form part of the Great Rift Valley. [PAR] A land of geographical extremes, Tanzania houses the highest peak (Mount Kilimanjaro), the lowest point (the lake bed of Lake Tanganyika), and a portion of the largest lake (Lake Victoria, shared with Uganda and Kenya ) on the African continent. [PAR] Climate[ edit ] [PAR] Tanzania's weather varies from humid and hot in low lying areas, such as Dar es Salaam, to hot during the day and cool at night in Arusha. There are no discernible seasons, such as winter and summer -- only the dry and wet seasons. Tanzania has two rainy seasons: The short rains from late-October to late-December, a.k.a. the Mango Rains, and the long rains from March to May. [PAR] Climate [PAR] 25 [PAR] 25 [PAR] Many popular resorts and tourist attractions on Zanzibar and Mafia Island Marine Park close during the long rains season, and many trails in the national parks are impassable during this period. For that reason, in most cases tours are restricted to the main roads in the parks. Travelers should plan their trip accordingly. [PAR] During the dry season, temperatures can easily soar to above 35\u00b0C in Dar. You should seek shelter from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seymour Wisconsin Historical Events Profile and Resource ... 2001, August 4 [PAR] Again...the world's largest Hamburger belongs to Seymour! [PAR] Seymour will once again be able to claim the world record for producing the largest hamburger after cooking an 8,266 pound burger at Burger Fest, Saturday, August 4, 2001. The new record is more than one ton heavier that the current record holder, cooked up in 1999 in Saco, Montana. The new record will be complete as soon as it is verified by the Guinness Book of World Records. Next year's Burger Fest will be held August 3, 2002, so mark your calender. [PAR] 1989 [PAR] In 1989, Seymour grilled the world's biggest hamburger, 5,520 lbs. at the Outagamie County Fairgrounds. The record is verified in the Guiness Book of World Records. [PAR] 1880's [PAR] Seymour is the Home of the Hamburger [PAR] The hamburger sandwich was invented at the Seymour Fair, now the Outagamie County Fair, in the 1880s, by Charles Nagreen. Seymour holds a yearly Hamburger Festival the first Saturday of August. [PAR] See this history of hamburgers page for interesting facts about hamburgers [PAR] This page is for perpetual written accounts of historical events that have occurred in the city. Anyone who feels they have pertinent information may submit it. This includes all people in or out of Seymour and could involve any interested adults or children with events or items that are of interest. Items may be submitted for publication on this page where they will remain as part of a historical archive for the city. Items of interest may include noteworthy events, special events of historical importance, information about area growth that pertains to the history of the city, and other pertinent notes. We hope to establish a large data base of information about the history of each city. Historical Societies are encouraged to open their own page on Key to the City for more extensive historical information. [PAR] Search Key to the City [PAR] Custom Search[DOC] [TLE] HOME - Home of The Hamburger HOME - Home of The Hamburger [PAR] HOME [PAR] Dates for 2017 are Friday August 11 [PAR] and Saturday August 12, 2017 [PAR] Information update will come as available [PAR] Welcome to Burger Fest 2017! [PAR] Friday, August 11 and Saturday, August 12, 2017 [PAR] Burger Fest is an amazing volunteer-run festival that raises funds for scholarships and community projects in the Home of the Hamburger, Seymour, Wisconsin. It draws people from around the world for small town fun with a big attitude! [PAR] Seymour, Wisconsin, is an idyllic community of about 3,000 located in the heart of dairy country 15 miles west of Green Bay. Burger Fest started in 1989 to celebrate the birth of the burger in Seymour in 1885. The historical figure, Hamburger Charlie, invented the hamburger way back then and Americans bit on the hamburger craze! [PAR] Events start on Friday and take place at 2 locations: [PAR] Downtown Seymour - Burger Fest [PAR] Downtown Seymour hosts the World's Largest Hamburger Parade, Bun Run, Kids' Run, music, kids' games, the Burger Eating Contest and the Giant Ketchup Slide! The Car Show, Railroad Depot and Community Museum are included with the Saturday entrance fee! Friday night admission is free to hear music on Depot Street. Food and drink are available. Click an image link below for lots more details about Downtown Seymour Events. [PAR] Rock Ledge School and Park - Hot Air Balloons [PAR] At Rock Ledge School and Park, hot air balloons fill the field starting on Friday! There are Balloon Ascensions and Balloon Glows,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - Phillip Johnson Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - Phillip Johnson [PAR] Last update of this page: July 24th 2005 [PAR] Philip Cortelyou Johnson [PAR] (July 8, 1906 - January 2005) U.S.A. [PAR] Architect [PAR] Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he studied philosophy and architecture at Harvard University. As coauthor of The International Style: Architecture Since 1922 (1932) and director of the architecture department (1932-;34, 1946-57) at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, he did much to familiarize Americans with modern European architecture. [PAR] He gained fame with his own Glass House (1949), which struck a balance between the influence of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (later his collaborator on the Seagram Building) and Classical allusion. In 1979 Johnson became the first recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize. [PAR] His style took a striking turn with the AT&T headquarters, New York (1982), a controversial postmodernist landmark, a pink skyscraper with a Chippendale-style cabinet top. [PAR] While never completely hiding his long term relationship with curator David Whitney, which began in 1960, Johnson did not officially \"come out\" publicly until 1994, when his biography by Franz Schulze was released. Johnson's long-time lover was David Whitney, a major mover on the New York art scene of the 1960s and '70s. [PAR] Works:[DOC] [TLE] AT&T (Sony) Headquarters - foundationsofamerica.com AT&T (Sony) Headquarters [PAR] AT&T (Sony) Headquarters [PAR] Monday, 25 October 2010 18:30 [PAR] AT&T Corporate Headquarters (Sony Building) [PAR] By Mete Seker [PAR] [PAR] The 37- story Sony building (formerly known as AT&T Corporate Headquarters) located on 550 Madison Avenue, New York City has become an emblem of postmodernist structure. Designed by the famous architect Philip Johnson, this landmark blends more classic architecture with modern materials such as the pink granite used. Pink Stony Creek granite is applied all throughout the building creating an eye-catching glare all through Madison Avenue. It was an unusual material to be used for a skyscraper instead many buildings supported a glass frame that was very popular at the time. The design itself is unique, with a Chippendale top resembling an 18th century cabinet. John Burgee, Johnson\u2019s Partner at Burgee& Johnson\u2019s firm, contributed to the design of the building. The structure has a bolder and defined style for the executive floors than of the mid- level floors. [PAR] The AT&T building by Philip Johnson is believed to be the uprising against mainstream \u201cModernist\u201d supremacy in Manhattan, with its influences of a historical wardrobe. The building has been the most widely discussed skyscraper for its time for the following reasons. Other modernist buildings of the era had a decent size entrance arch, glass veneer and a flat top. The AT&T building on the other hand had an 80-foot entrance, far too big for a medium- sized skyscraper; pink stony creek granite as veneer, and a Chippendale style top. This style furniture included a broken pediment at the top, called the rococo ornamentation. A pediment is a triangular shaped element surmounting the fa\u00e7ade of the building. [PAR] The pictures shown are of a very nice detailing of pink stony creek granite with 10- feet diamond patterns along a gigantic arch on the main entrance. This 80-foot narrow arch is located on the building\u2019s main entrance towering over its visitors. Since it was way to lofty for the building to support, it was sustained in place by a bridge connecting the two \u201chalves\u201d of the building. Inside the entrance stands a 65-foot tall lobby that has beautiful black and white marbles. Originally the building\u2019s ground level was an"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Price Is Right (TV Series 1956\u20131965) - IMDb The Price Is Right (TV Series 1956\u20131965) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The original version of an American icon, \"The Price is Right\" rewarded contestants with valuable prizes for their ability to price items. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 3739 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 252 titles [PAR] created 18 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 990 titles [PAR] created 27 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 85 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] a list of 55 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: The Price Is Right (1956\u20131965) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Contestants compete for prizes and cash, including cars and vacations, in games that test their knowledge of consumer goods pricing. [PAR] Stars: Bob Barker, Janice Pennington, Dian Parkinson [PAR] Wheel of Fortune (TV Series 1983) [PAR] Family | Game-Show [PAR] Hosted by Pat Sajak , this game show features 3 contestants who try to solve a puzzle by spinning the wheel and guessing letters in a word or phrase. [PAR] Stars: Pat Sajak, Vanna White, Charlie O'Donnell [PAR] Contestants guess the correctness of celebrities' answers in order to win spaces in a tic-tac-toe game. [PAR] Stars: Kenny Williams, Peter Marshall, Cliff Arquette [PAR] Wheel of Fortune (TV Series 1975) [PAR] Family | Game-Show [PAR] Daytime version of the game show in which contestants guess letters in order to complete a word, phrase or name. [PAR] Stars: Vanna White, Jack Clark, Susan Stafford [PAR] In this game show, contestants answer trivia questions and then compete in a timed race through the supermarket. The team that has the most valuable items in their shopping cart at the end of the race wins. [PAR] Stars: David Ruprecht, Johnny Gilbert, Randy West [PAR] Four panelists must determine guests' occupations - and, in the case of famous guests, while blindfolded, their identity - by asking only \"yes\" or \"no\" questions. [PAR] Stars: John Daly, Arlene Francis, Bennett Cerf [PAR] The adventures of a rhyming canine superhero. [PAR] Stars: George S. Irving, Wally Cox, Allen Swift [PAR] The educational adventures of a group of Afro-American inner city kids. [PAR] Stars: Bill Cosby, Gerald Edwards, Erika Scheimer [PAR] Scientist/comedian Bill Nye explores various aspects of science for young viewers. [PAR] Stars: Bill Nye, Pat Cashman, Rachel Glenn [PAR] Innovative \"Claymation\" adventures of Gumby and his horse Pokey. [PAR] Stars: Bobby Nicholson, Dal McKennon, Art Clokey [PAR] An enthusiastic singing lady and her puppet animal friends go on a variety of adventures. [PAR] Stars: Amy Castle, Brian Ito, Shari Lewis [PAR] Monty Hall hosts this hilarious half-hour gameshow in which audience contestants picked at random, dressed in ridiculous costumes, try to win cash or prizes by choosing curtain number 1, 2 ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Monty Hall, Jay Stewart, Carol Merrill [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In the original version of \"The Price is Right,\" four contestants one a returning champion"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? [PAR] In Living Color. [PAR] Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? [PAR] David Schwimmer. [PAR] What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? [PAR] What's My Line? [PAR] What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? [PAR] Mission: Impossible. [PAR] Consumer News and Business Channel. [PAR] How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? [PAR] Eight. [PAR] What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane. [PAR] What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? [PAR] Phil Hartman. [PAR] What M*A*S*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? [PAR] Alan Alda. [PAR] What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? [PAR] The Discovery Channel. [PAR] What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? [PAR] John Tesh. [PAR] What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? [PAR] Friends. [PAR] What MTV twosome are known as \"The Bad Boys\" in Mexico? [PAR] Beavis and Butt head. [PAR] What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail \"the size of canned hams\"? [PAR] David Letterman. [PAR] What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? [PAR] Sesame Street's. [PAR] What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? [PAR] Homicide. [PAR] What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? [PAR] Tiny Tim's. [PAR] What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? [PAR] Night Court. [PAR] Who once observed: \"This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself\"? [PAR] Mr. Ed. [PAR] What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? [PAR] Harpo's. [PAR] Who began his radio shows with: \"Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press\"? [PAR] Walter Winchell. [PAR] What TV star said of his worldwide fame: \"I didn't know I could top Knight Rider\"? [PAR] David Hasselhoff. [PAR] What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? [PAR] Charles Grodin. [PAR] What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? [PAR] All in the Family. [PAR] What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? [PAR] Donna Abandando. [PAR] What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? [PAR] The Smurfs. [PAR] What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] What Muppet advised: \"Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift\"? [PAR] Miss Piggy. [PAR] What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? [PAR] Walter Cronkite. [PAR] What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? [PAR] Felix the Cat. [PAR] What's the \"dimension of imagination, \"according to the host of a classic TV series? [PAR] The Twilight Zone. [PAR] Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? [PAR] In Living Color. [PAR] Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? [PAR] David Schwimmer. [PAR] What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? [PAR] What's My Line? [PAR] What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? [PAR] Mission: Impossible. [PAR] Consumer News and Business Channel. [PAR] How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? [PAR] Eight. [PAR] What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane. [PAR] What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? [PAR] Phil Hartman. [PAR] What M*A*S*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? [PAR] Alan Alda. [PAR] What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? [PAR] The Discovery Channel. [PAR] What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? [PAR] John Tesh. [PAR] What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? [PAR] Friends. [PAR] What MTV twosome are known as \"The Bad Boys\" in Mexico? [PAR] Beavis and Butt head. [PAR] What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail \"the size of canned hams\"? [PAR] David Letterman. [PAR] What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? [PAR] Sesame Street's. [PAR] What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? [PAR] Homicide. [PAR] What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? [PAR] Tiny Tim's. [PAR] What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? [PAR] Night Court. [PAR] Who once observed: \"This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself\"? [PAR] Mr. Ed. [PAR] What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? [PAR] Harpo's. [PAR] Who began his radio shows with: \"Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press\"? [PAR] Walter Winchell. [PAR] What TV star said of his worldwide fame: \"I didn't know I could top Knight Rider\"? [PAR] David Hasselhoff. [PAR] What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? [PAR] Charles Grodin. [PAR] What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? [PAR] All in the Family. [PAR] What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? [PAR] Donna Abandando. [PAR] What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? [PAR] The Smurfs. [PAR] What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] What Muppet advised: \"Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift\"? [PAR] Miss Piggy. [PAR] What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? [PAR] Walter Cronkite. [PAR] What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? [PAR] Felix the Cat. [PAR] What's the \"dimension of imagination, \"according to the host of a classic TV series? [PAR] The Twilight Zone. [PAR] Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? [PAR] In Living Color. [PAR] Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? [PAR] David Schwimmer. [PAR] What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? [PAR] What's My Line? [PAR] What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? [PAR] Mission: Impossible. [PAR] Consumer News and Business Channel. [PAR] How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? [PAR] Eight. [PAR] What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane. [PAR] What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? [PAR] Phil Hartman. [PAR] What M*A*S*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? [PAR] Alan Alda. [PAR] What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? [PAR] The Discovery Channel. [PAR] What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? [PAR] John Tesh. [PAR] What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? [PAR] Friends. [PAR] What MTV twosome are known as \"The Bad Boys\" in Mexico? [PAR] Beavis and Butt head. [PAR] What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail \"the size of canned hams\"? [PAR] David Letterman. [PAR] What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? [PAR] Sesame Street's. [PAR] What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? [PAR] Homicide. [PAR] What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? [PAR] Tiny Tim's. [PAR] What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? [PAR] Night Court. [PAR] Who once observed: \"This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself\"? [PAR] Mr. Ed. [PAR] What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? [PAR] Harpo's. [PAR] Who began his radio shows with: \"Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press\"? [PAR] Walter Winchell. [PAR] What TV star said of his worldwide fame: \"I didn't know I could top Knight Rider\"? [PAR] David Hasselhoff. [PAR] What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? [PAR] Charles Grodin. [PAR] What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? [PAR] All in the Family. [PAR] What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? [PAR] Donna Abandando. [PAR] What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? [PAR] The Smurfs. [PAR] What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] What Muppet advised: \"Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift\"? [PAR] Miss Piggy. [PAR] What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? [PAR] Walter Cronkite. [PAR] What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? [PAR] Felix the Cat. [PAR] What's the \"dimension of imagination, \"according to the host of a classic TV series? [PAR] The Twilight Zone. [PAR] Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Reubens - Biography - IMDb Paul Reubens - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Paul Reubens [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (22) | Personal Quotes (13) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Paul Reubens was born Paul Rubenfeld on August 27, 1952 in Peekskill, New York, to Judy (Rosen), a teacher, and Milton Rubenfeld, a car salesman who had flown for the air forces of the U.S., U.K., and Israel, becoming one of the latter country's pioneering pilots. Paul grew up in Sarasota, Florida, where his parents owned a lamp store. During winters, The Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus called Sarasota home, and young Paul counted such big-top families as the Wallendas and the Zacchinis among his neighbors. When he was 11-years-old, he joined the local Asolo Theater, and during the next six years, he appeared in a variety of plays. After graduating from Sarasota High School in 1970, he attended Boston University for one year before deciding to seek his fortune as Paul Reubens in Hollywood, where he enrolled as an acting major at the California Institute of the Arts and accepted a string of pay-the-rent jobs ranging from pizza chef to Fuller Brush salesman. [PAR] In the mid 1970s, his acting career grew slowly and steadily with small roles in theater productions, gigs at local comedy clubs and four guest appearances on The Gong Show (1976). During this time of education/employment, he joined an improvisational comedy troupe called The Groundlings. The popular gang of yuksters, whose roster has included Conan O'Brien , Lisa Kudrow , the late Phil Hartman , Jon Lovitz , and Julia Sweeney , wrung laughs from audiences with skits starring scads of imaginative, self-created characters. Among Reubens's contributions to this comedic community were a philandering husband named Moses Feldman, an Indian chief named Jay Longtoe, and the now fallen Pee-Wee Herman, who debuted in 1978. [PAR] Pee-Wee was a funny man-child of indeterminate age and sexuality who created a sarcastic enthusiasm for the popular culture of the '50s and '60s. The geeky character's wardrobe consisted of a gray suit, a white short-sleeved shirt accessorized with a red clip-on bow tie, and white patent-leather loafers. He wore his jet-black hair military short with a defiant tuft in front, and he accentuated his lily-white complexion with pink cheeks and red lipstick. Reubens drew inspiration for Pee-Wee's geeky behavior from a youth he had attended summer camp with, and derived his creation's boyish voice from a character he played as a child actor. Pee-Wee appeared for only 10 minutes of The Groundlings show, but he nonetheless built up a considerable following and turned out to be a star of the '80s and early '90s. The Pee Wee Herman Show (1981), ran for five sellout months at the Los Angeles's Roxy nightclub, and HBO taped the performance and aired it as a special. [PAR] Now a genuine comedy-circuit star, he became a frequent guest of David Letterman and a favorite at Caroline's in New York. In 1984, he sold out Carnegie Hall. He later auditioned for the cast of Saturday Night Live (1975), but when that didn't turn out as planned, he started writing a feature-length screenplay for Pee-Wee to star in, and asked friend Tim Burton to direct. Released to wildly divergent reviews, Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), followed its star cross-country in a madcap search for his beloved, stolen bike. The $7 million picture ended up grossing $45 million. That following year, CBS which had been losing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? [PAR] In Living Color. [PAR] Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? [PAR] David Schwimmer. [PAR] What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? [PAR] What's My Line? [PAR] What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? [PAR] Mission: Impossible. [PAR] Consumer News and Business Channel. [PAR] How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? [PAR] Eight. [PAR] What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane. [PAR] What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? [PAR] Phil Hartman. [PAR] What M*A*S*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? [PAR] Alan Alda. [PAR] What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? [PAR] The Discovery Channel. [PAR] What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? [PAR] John Tesh. [PAR] What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? [PAR] Friends. [PAR] What MTV twosome are known as \"The Bad Boys\" in Mexico? [PAR] Beavis and Butt head. [PAR] What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail \"the size of canned hams\"? [PAR] David Letterman. [PAR] What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? [PAR] Sesame Street's. [PAR] What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? [PAR] Homicide. [PAR] What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? [PAR] Tiny Tim's. [PAR] What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? [PAR] Night Court. [PAR] Who once observed: \"This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself\"? [PAR] Mr. Ed. [PAR] What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? [PAR] Harpo's. [PAR] Who began his radio shows with: \"Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press\"? [PAR] Walter Winchell. [PAR] What TV star said of his worldwide fame: \"I didn't know I could top Knight Rider\"? [PAR] David Hasselhoff. [PAR] What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? [PAR] Charles Grodin. [PAR] What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? [PAR] All in the Family. [PAR] What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? [PAR] Donna Abandando. [PAR] What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? [PAR] The Smurfs. [PAR] What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] What Muppet advised: \"Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift\"? [PAR] Miss Piggy. [PAR] What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? [PAR] Walter Cronkite. [PAR] What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? [PAR] Felix the Cat. [PAR] What's the \"dimension of imagination, \"according to the host of a classic TV series? [PAR] The Twilight Zone. [PAR] Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Three Sons (TV Series 1960\u20131972) - IMDb My Three Sons (TV Series 1960\u20131972) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Widower Steve Douglas raises three sons with the help of his father-in-law, and is later aided by the boys' great-uncle. An adopted son, a stepdaughter, wives, and another generation of sons join the loving family in later seasons. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Robbie is head of the committee for decorating the school float for a parade. He comes up with an idea that seems scandalous. Chip has romance problems with someone who is older than he. [PAR] 8.3 [PAR] Guest in the House [PAR] Steve is asked to take in a boy who is a delinquent. When Steve has to be out of town that week, it is Bob and the boys to handle the visit. When someone comes to the house, they assume it is the ... [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] Rob gets an audition at a club and is given a job to play his guitar there some evenings. His girlfriend introduces him to her friends and Rob experiences a new lifestyle. [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 13 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 18 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 images [PAR] created 19 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 27 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: My Three Sons (1960\u20131972) [PAR] 7.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Bill Davis is a highly paid and successful engineer living in a large apartment in New York with his valet, Mr. Giles French . His life is suddenly changed when his niece, Buffy shows up. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Brian Keith, Kathy Garver, Anissa Jones [PAR] The misadventures of a suburban boy, family and friends. [PAR] Stars: Jerry Mathers, Hugh Beaumont, Barbara Billingsley [PAR] Widower Tom Corbett raises his young son Eddie. [PAR] Stars: Bill Bixby, Brandon Cruz, Miyoshi Umeki [PAR] A New York City attorney and his wife attempt to live as genteel farmers in the bizarre community of Hooterville. [PAR] Stars: Eddie Albert, Eva Gabor, Tom Lester [PAR] A nouveau riche hillbilly family moves to Beverly Hills and shakes up the privileged society with their hayseed ways. [PAR] Stars: Buddy Ebsen, Donna Douglas, Irene Ryan [PAR] Danny Williams, a successful nightclub singer, encounters a variety of difficult or amusing situations in trying to balance his career with his family: his outspoken wife Kathy, teenage ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Danny Thomas, Rusty Hamer, Marjorie Lord [PAR] As the sons age, we go through their teenage dating problems, marriage and careers. [PAR] Stars: Ozzie Nelson, Harriet Nelson, David Nelson [PAR] The popular radio show comes to life in this hit sitcom about a wise family man, Jim Anderson, his common-sense wife Margaret and their children Betty, Bud and Kathy. Whenever the kids need... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Robert Young, Jane Wyatt, Billy Gray [PAR] The misadventures of a TV writer both at work and at home. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? [PAR] In Living Color. [PAR] Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? [PAR] David Schwimmer. [PAR] What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? [PAR] What's My Line? [PAR] What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? [PAR] Mission: Impossible. [PAR] Consumer News and Business Channel. [PAR] How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? [PAR] Eight. [PAR] What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane. [PAR] What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? [PAR] Phil Hartman. [PAR] What M*A*S*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? [PAR] Alan Alda. [PAR] What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? [PAR] The Discovery Channel. [PAR] What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? [PAR] John Tesh. [PAR] What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? [PAR] Friends. [PAR] What MTV twosome are known as \"The Bad Boys\" in Mexico? [PAR] Beavis and Butt head. [PAR] What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail \"the size of canned hams\"? [PAR] David Letterman. [PAR] What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? [PAR] Sesame Street's. [PAR] What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? [PAR] Homicide. [PAR] What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? [PAR] Tiny Tim's. [PAR] What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? [PAR] Night Court. [PAR] Who once observed: \"This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself\"? [PAR] Mr. Ed. [PAR] What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? [PAR] Harpo's. [PAR] Who began his radio shows with: \"Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press\"? [PAR] Walter Winchell. [PAR] What TV star said of his worldwide fame: \"I didn't know I could top Knight Rider\"? [PAR] David Hasselhoff. [PAR] What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? [PAR] Charles Grodin. [PAR] What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? [PAR] All in the Family. [PAR] What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? [PAR] Donna Abandando. [PAR] What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? [PAR] The Smurfs. [PAR] What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] What Muppet advised: \"Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift\"? [PAR] Miss Piggy. [PAR] What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? [PAR] Walter Cronkite. [PAR] What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? [PAR] Felix the Cat. [PAR] What's the \"dimension of imagination, \"according to the host of a classic TV series? [PAR] The Twilight Zone. [PAR] Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Happy Days\" Just a Piccalo (TV Episode 1981) - IMDb \"Happy Days\" Just a Piccalo (TV Episode 1981) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Joanie regrets agreeing to join a popular girls' club with friend Jenny Piccalo when the snobby club officers try to keep Jenny from passing the initiation ritual by altering it to include stealing a park statue. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Garry Marshall (created by) (as Garry K. Marshall), Mark Rothman [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 3461 titles [PAR] created 26 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 2682 titles [PAR] created 22 Apr 2013 [PAR] Title: Just a Piccalo (24 Nov 1981) [PAR] 6.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Joanie regrets agreeing to join a popular girls' club with friend Jenny Piccalo when the snobby club officers try to keep Jenny from passing the initiation ritual by altering it to include stealing a park statue. [PAR] 24 November 1981 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Phil Silvers says of his daughter, \"I wish she were twins!\" Cathy Silvers has a twin sister, Candace Silvers , who appears occasionally on Happy Days. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Jenny Piccalo : [through a big smile, to her father] Am I in trouble, Daddy? [PAR] Roscoe Piccalo : [smiling back just as big] Of course you're in trouble, sweetheart. It doesn't mean I don't love you. We'll discuss things when we get home. [PAR] Sgt. Bilko visits the Cunninghams [PAR] 25 June 2008 | by theowinthrop [PAR] (United States) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] In the last years of HAPPY DAYS there was a tendency to try to expand the show's stories by looking closer at the subsidiary characters. For instance there was an episode when Potsie Webber (Anson Williams) is having problems with his biology course, and has to pass the final examination (which he does by learning to memorize by singing the anatomical structures parts as a song). There were episodes dealing with Fonzie and his latest girlfriend of course, and of the members of the Cunningham family (except for the long missing older brother). But the episodes dealing with Joanie Cunningham (Erin Moran) usually dealt with her romance with Fonzie's nephew Chachi (Scot Baio). But in the middle years of the show a name cropped up as Joanie's madcap girlfriend Jennie Piccalo (Catherine Silver). For a years or so she was mentioned, but never appeared. Then Ms Silver popped up to be a regular for the last couple of seasons. [PAR] In this episode Jennie is arrested for trying to steal a statue in the park to get acceptance into a snobby sorority. Joanie gets involved in it too, so that both girls are captured by Police officer Kirk (Ed Peck). The Cunninghams (Marion Ross and Tom Bosley) are pretty upset about the stupid sorority prank, and they tell it to Joanie very clearly. But what happens is that Jennie is afraid to go home and face her father Roscoe. [PAR] It was the only time Roscoe Piccalo popped"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Flying Nun - ABC promo with Sally Field - YouTube The Flying Nun - ABC promo with Sally Field - YouTube [PAR] The Flying Nun - ABC promo with Sally Field [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 14, 2007 [PAR] Get classic TV series on DVD: [PAR] http://astore.amazon.com/retroload-20 [PAR] The Flying Nun was a sitcom produced by ABC based on the book The Fifteenth Pelican, by Tere Rios. The sitcom ran for three seasons, and produced 82 color episodes from 1967 until 1970. [PAR] Developed by Bernard Slade, it centered on the adventures of a group of nuns in the Convent San Tanco in Puerto Rico. The comic elements of the storyline were provided by the flying ability of a novice nun, Sister Bertrille, played by Sally Field. She could be relied upon to solve any problem that came her way by her ability to catch a passing breeze and fly (attributed to her small stature and heavily starched cornette\u2014the headgear for her habit). Her flying talents caused as many problems as they solved. She once explained her ability to fly as, \"When lift plus thrust is greater than load plus drag, anything can fly.\" [PAR] The unusual premise caught the attention of the public and the program was a success, yet the storylines were limited, and by the end of the show's run, the writers were struggling to create new situations that would allow the heroine to take flight. Critics never responded favorably to the show, and credited most of its success to the appeal of Sally Field. [PAR] Madeleine Sherwood played the Mother Superior, Marge Redmond played Sister Jacqueline, Shelley Morrison played Sister Sixto, and Alejandro Rey played local playboy Carlos Ramirez, who Sister Bertrille would run into with alarming frequency. [PAR] Visit our RETRO BLOG:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Smothers Brothers Lyrics - Lyrics.com - your music ... The Smothers Brothers Lyrics [PAR] The Smothers Brothers [PAR] The Smothers Brothers are Thomas (\"Tom\" - born February 2, 1937) and Richard (\"Dick\" - born November 20, 1939), American singers, musicians, comedians and folk heroes. The brothers' trademark act was performing folk songs (Tommy on acoustic guitar, Dick on string bass), which usually led to arguments between the siblings. Tommy's signature line was, \"Mom always liked you best!\" Tommy (the elder of the two) acted \"slow\", and Dick, the straight man, acted \"superior\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Adam\u2019s Rib - nostalgiacentral.com Adam\u2019s Rib [PAR] Adam\u2019s Rib [PAR] 1 9 7 3 (USA) [PAR] 12 x 30 minute episodes [PAR] 1 x 60 minute episode [PAR] An attempt to generate a weekly sitcom based upon the 1949 Oscar-nominated hit comedy movie of the same name, in which Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn played husband and wife attorneys Adam and Amanda Bonner, their opposite positions in a court case unleashing a witty battle of the sexes. [PAR] The show concerned a young Assistant DA (played by Ken Howard) and his wife, a junior partner in a law firm (played by Blythe Danner). [PAR] They tangled over such thorny questions as whether women should wear skirts or slacks, and whether the football player or his estranged wife should get custody of their Yorkshire terrier. [PAR] Adam's Rib made overtures to the Women's Lib movement by building many stories around Amanda's crusades for women's rights (50% of the show's writers were women), but the programme never really found an audience. [PAR] Dena Dietrich (\"Mother Nature\" of commercials fame) played Amanda's secretary, and Edward Winter her law partner, while Norman Bartold and Ron Rifkin were on Adam's side. [PAR] The TV series lacked both the sophistication of the George Cukor-directed movie and the big names to carry off the script, and lasted only 13 episodes, debuting on Friday 14 September 1973 on ABC. [PAR] Adam Bonner"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mickey Rooney - Biography - IMDb Mickey Rooney - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Mickey Rooney [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 189 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (8) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (77) | Personal Quotes (35) | Salary (60) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 2\" (1.57 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Mickey Rooney was born Joe Yule Jr. on September 23, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York. He first took the stage as a toddler in his parents vaudeville act at 17 months old. He made his first film appearance in 1926. The following year, he played the lead character in the first Mickey McGuire short film. It was in this popular film series that he took the stage name Mickey Rooney. Rooney reached new heights in 1937 with A Family Affair, the film that introduced the country to Andy Hardy, the popular all-American teenager. This beloved character appeared in nearly 20 films and helped make Rooney the top star at the box office in 1939, 1940 and 1941. Rooney also proved himself an excellent dramatic actor as a delinquent in Boys Town (1938) starring Spencer Tracy . In 1938, he was awarded a Juvenile Academy Award. [PAR] Teaming up with Judy Garland , Rooney also appeared in a string of musicals, including Babes in Arms (1939) the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in a leading role, Strike Up the Band (1940), Babes on Broadway (1941), and Girl Crazy (1943). He and Garland immediately became best of friends. \"We weren't just a team, we were magic,\" Rooney once said. During that time he also appeared with Elizabeth Taylor in the now classic National Velvet (1944). Rooney joined the service that same year, where he helped to entertain the troops and worked on the American Armed Forces Network. He returned to Hollywood after 21 months in Love Laughs at Andy Hardy (1946), did a remake of a Robert Taylor film, The Crowd Roars (1932) called Killer McCoy (1947) and portrayed composer Lorenz Hart in Words and Music (1948). He also appeared in Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard . Rooney played Hepburn's Japanese neighbor, Mr. Yunioshi. A sign of the times, Rooney played the part for comic relief which he later regretted feeling the role was offensive. He once again showed his incredible range in the dramatic role of a boxing trainer with Anthony Quinn and Jackie Gleason in Requiem for a Heavyweight (1962). In the late 1960s and 1970s Rooney showed audiences and critics alike why he was one of Hollywood's most enduring stars. He gave an impressive performance in Francis Ford Coppola 's 1979 film The Black Stallion (1979), which brought him an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor in a Supporting Role. He also turned to the stage in 1979 in Sugar Babies with Ann Miller , and was nominated for a Tony Award. During that time he also portrayed the Wizard in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz with Eartha Kitt at New York's Madison Square Garden, which also had a successful run nationally. [PAR] Rooney appeared in four television series': The Mickey Rooney Show (1954) (1954-1955), a comedy sit-com in 1964 with Sammee Tong called Mickey, One of the Boys in 1982 with Dana Carvey and Nathan Lane , and The New Adventures of the Black Stallion (1990) from 1990-1993. In 1981, Rooney won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of a mentally challenged man in Bill (1981). The critical acclaim continued to flow for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? [PAR] In Living Color. [PAR] Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? [PAR] David Schwimmer. [PAR] What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? [PAR] What's My Line? [PAR] What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? [PAR] Mission: Impossible. [PAR] Consumer News and Business Channel. [PAR] How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? [PAR] Eight. [PAR] What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane. [PAR] What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? [PAR] Phil Hartman. [PAR] What M*A*S*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? [PAR] Alan Alda. [PAR] What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? [PAR] The Discovery Channel. [PAR] What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? [PAR] John Tesh. [PAR] What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? [PAR] Friends. [PAR] What MTV twosome are known as \"The Bad Boys\" in Mexico? [PAR] Beavis and Butt head. [PAR] What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail \"the size of canned hams\"? [PAR] David Letterman. [PAR] What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? [PAR] Sesame Street's. [PAR] What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? [PAR] Homicide. [PAR] What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? [PAR] Tiny Tim's. [PAR] What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? [PAR] Night Court. [PAR] Who once observed: \"This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself\"? [PAR] Mr. Ed. [PAR] What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? [PAR] Harpo's. [PAR] Who began his radio shows with: \"Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press\"? [PAR] Walter Winchell. [PAR] What TV star said of his worldwide fame: \"I didn't know I could top Knight Rider\"? [PAR] David Hasselhoff. [PAR] What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? [PAR] Charles Grodin. [PAR] What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? [PAR] All in the Family. [PAR] What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? [PAR] Donna Abandando. [PAR] What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? [PAR] The Smurfs. [PAR] What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] What Muppet advised: \"Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift\"? [PAR] Miss Piggy. [PAR] What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? [PAR] Walter Cronkite. [PAR] What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? [PAR] Felix the Cat. [PAR] What's the \"dimension of imagination, \"according to the host of a classic TV series? [PAR] The Twilight Zone. [PAR] Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES [PAR] What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? [PAR] In Living Color. [PAR] Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? [PAR] David Schwimmer. [PAR] What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? [PAR] Paul McCartney. [PAR] What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? [PAR] What's My Line? [PAR] What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? [PAR] Mission: Impossible. [PAR] Consumer News and Business Channel. [PAR] How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? [PAR] Eight. [PAR] What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane. [PAR] What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? [PAR] Phil Hartman. [PAR] What M*A*S*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? [PAR] Alan Alda. [PAR] What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? [PAR] The Discovery Channel. [PAR] What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? [PAR] John Tesh. [PAR] What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? [PAR] Friends. [PAR] What MTV twosome are known as \"The Bad Boys\" in Mexico? [PAR] Beavis and Butt head. [PAR] What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail \"the size of canned hams\"? [PAR] David Letterman. [PAR] What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? [PAR] Sesame Street's. [PAR] What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? [PAR] Homicide. [PAR] What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? [PAR] Tiny Tim's. [PAR] What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? [PAR] Night Court. [PAR] Who once observed: \"This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself\"? [PAR] Mr. Ed. [PAR] What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? [PAR] Harpo's. [PAR] Who began his radio shows with: \"Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press\"? [PAR] Walter Winchell. [PAR] What TV star said of his worldwide fame: \"I didn't know I could top Knight Rider\"? [PAR] David Hasselhoff. [PAR] What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? [PAR] Charles Grodin. [PAR] What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? [PAR] All in the Family. [PAR] What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? [PAR] Donna Abandando. [PAR] What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? [PAR] The Smurfs. [PAR] What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? [PAR] The Cosby Show. [PAR] What Muppet advised: \"Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift\"? [PAR] Miss Piggy. [PAR] What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? [PAR] Walter Cronkite. [PAR] What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? [PAR] Felix the Cat. [PAR] What's the \"dimension of imagination, \"according to the host of a classic TV series? [PAR] The Twilight Zone. [PAR] Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. T - Rocky Wiki - Wikia Mr. T | Rocky Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Born in Chicago, Illinois as the youngest son in a family with twelve children, his father, Nathaniel Tureaud Sr., was a minister. [2] Tureaud, with his four sisters and seven brothers, grew up in a three-room apartment in one of the city's housing projects, the Robert Taylor Homes, in a poorly constructed building, in an area with high levels of environmental pollutants and the largest concentration of poverty in America. [3] While growing up, Tureaud regularly witnessed murder, rape, and other crimes, but attributes his survival and later success to his will to do well and his mother's love. [4] Tureaud attended Dunbar Vocational High School, [5] where he played football, wrestled, and studied martial arts. While at Dunbar he became the city-wide wrestling champion two years in a row. He won a football scholarship to Prairie View A&M University, where he majored in mathematics, but was expelled after his first year. [6] He then enlisted in the United States Army and served in the Military Police (MP) Corps. In November 1975, Tureaud was awarded a letter of recommendation by his drill sergeant, and in a cycle of six thousand troops Tureaud was elected \"Top Trainee of the Cycle\" and was also promoted to squad leader. [7] In July 1976, Tureaud's platoon sergeant punished him by giving him the detail of chopping down trees during training camp at Fort McCoy in Wisconsin, but did not tell him how many trees, so Tureaud single-handedly chopped down over seventy trees from 6:30 am to 10:00 am, until a shocked major superseded the sergeant's orders. [8] [PAR] After his discharge, he tried out for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League, but failed to make the team due to a knee injury. Tureaud next worked as a bouncer. It was at this time that he created the persona of Mr. T. [9] His wearing of gold neck chains and other jewelry was the result of customers losing the items or leaving them behind at the night club after a fight. A customer, who may have been banned from the club or trying to avoid another confrontation, would not have to re-enter the club if Mr. T wore their jewelry as he stood out front. When a customer returned to claim the item, it was readily visible and available with no further confrontation required. Along with controlling the violence as a doorman, Tureaud was mainly hired to keep out drug dealers and users. During his bouncing days, Mr.T was in over 200 fights and was sued a number of times, Template:Vague but won each case. \"I have been in and out of the courts as a result of my beating up somebody. I have been sued by customers whom I threw out that claimed that I viciously attacked them without just cause and/or I caused them great bodily harm as a result of a beating I supposedly gave them,\" Mr. T once remarked. [PAR] He eventually parlayed his job as a bouncer into a career as a bodyguard that lasted almost ten years. During these years he protected, among others, sixteen prostitutes, nine welfare recipients, five preachers, eight bankers, ten school teachers, and four store owners. [10] As his reputation improved, however, he was contracted to guard, among others, seven clothes designers, five models, seven judges, three politicians, six athletes and forty-two millionaires. [10] He protected well-known personalities such as Muhammad Ali, Steve McQueen, Michael Jackson, Leon Spinks, Joe Frazier"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter Falk (1927 - 2011) - Find A Grave Memorial Peter Falk (1927 - 2011) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] Los Angeles County [PAR] California, USA [PAR] Actor. He is best remembered for his role as \"Lieutenant Columbo\" in the popular television series \"Columbo\" (1971 to 1978), and as the \"Grandpa/Narrator\" in the 1987 motion picture \"The Princess Bride\". Raised in Ossining, New York, at age three he was diagnosed with a malignant tumor in his right eye which required its removal; he would use a glass eye for the remainder of his life. His first experience on stage was in a production of \"The Pirates of Penzance\" when he was twelve while attending summer camp and during his high school years, he was a model student and standout athlete. Upon graduation, he served with the Merchant Marines and later studied at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, before attending the New School for Social Research, where he received his BA in Political Science, and Syracuse University from where he attained a master's degree in Public Administration. He initially attempted to apply for a position with the CIA, but was unsuccessful. He would serve as manager of the Connecticut State Budget, while fulfilling his ambitions of acting, as he performed with the Mark Twain Maskers in Hartford. Falk decided to pursue an acting career full-time and quit his job to move to New York and begin his training. He appeared in an off-Broadway production of \"Don Juan\" (1956) and marked his Broadway debut in the play \"Saint Joan\" (1956 to 1957). He initiated his Hollywood career in the film \"Wind Across the Everglades\" (1957) and had memorable performances in the pictures \"Murder, Inc.\" (1960, as the ruthless hit-man which earned him an Academy Award nomination) and \"Pocketful of Miracles\" (1961, for which he received an Oscar nomination). Further movie roles include \"It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World\" (1963), \"Robin and the Seven Hoods\" (1964), \"The Great Race\" (1965), \"Penelope\" (1966), \"Castle Keep\" (1969), \"A Woman Under the Influence\" (1974, directed by his close friend John Cassavetes), \"Murder by Death\" (1976), \"The Cheap Detective\" (1978) and \"The In-Laws\" (1979). He received an Emmy Award for his performance in a 1962 episode of \"The Dick Powell Show\" titled \"The Price of Tomatoes\". He first became a familiar presence to television audiences in the series \"The Trials of O'Brien\" (1965 to 1966) and introduced the character of Columbo in the television movie \"Prescription: Murder\" (1968). During the series' run which he garnered multiple Emmy Awards, Falk's performances as the unconventional but shrewd detective who often said \"Oh! Just one more thing, sir\" and \"Gee, now that's funny\" when confronting the culprit became one of the most iconic characters in television history. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease. (bio by: C.S.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Top Cat And The Beverly Hills Cats: Top Cat ... Amazon.com: Top Cat And The Beverly Hills Cats: Top Cat & The Beverly Hills Cats: Movies & TV [PAR] Top Cat And The Beverly Hills Cats [PAR] DVD [PAR] $12.61 [PAR] Sling Television: 7 days FREE [PAR] Watch Live TV Programming Any Time and Anywhere. Simple monthly pricing, no long-term contracts or hidden fees. Watch now [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] $14.99 Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime Only 6 left in stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] One of these items ships sooner than the other. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Top Cat And The Beverly Hills Cats DVD $14.99 [PAR] Only 6 left in stock. [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Top Cat by Rob Schneider DVD $6.95 [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. [PAR] To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Your cost could be $0.00 instead of $14.99! Get a $50 Amazon.com Gift Card instantly upon approval for the Amazon Rewards Visa Card Apply now [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] How did alley cats Top Cat, Choo-Choo, Brain, Fancy-Fancy and Benny the Ball end up in the swanky mansion of Gertrude Vandergelt? What's Benny doing in a dog pound? And why are the conniving butler Snerdly and his mad wolfhound Rasputin out to get Benny? Get the breathless answers to these and other nutty questions in the fabulous feature-length animated caper Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats. What starts off as an another ordinary day in Hoagie Alley's turns into an adventurous romp through Beverly Hills, with Top Cat and the gang riding in limos, attending lavish costume parties and saving the heir to the Vandergelt fortune! Original Top Cat series voice actors Arnold Stang (T.C.), Marvin Kaplan (Choo-Choo), Leo De Lyon (Spook and Brain) and John Stephenson (Fancy-Fancy) memorably reprise their roles. [PAR] When sold by Amazon.com, this product will be manufactured on demand using DVD-R recordable media. Amazon.com's standard return policy will apply. [PAR] Special Features [PAR] DVD Release Date: October 10, 2011 [PAR] Run Time: 92 minutes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gene Anthony Ray, 41, a Dancer in 'Fame' - NYTimes.com Gene Anthony Ray, 41, a Dancer in 'Fame' - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Arts |Gene Anthony Ray, 41, a Dancer in 'Fame' [PAR] Search [PAR] Gene Anthony Ray, 41, a Dancer in 'Fame' [PAR] By KIMETRIS N. BALTRIP [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Correction Appended [PAR] Gene Anthony Ray, who starred as Leroy, a street-smart urban teenager, in the 1980 movie ''Fame'' and the later television series, died on Friday in Manhattan. He was 41. [PAR] The cause was complications of a stroke he had in June, and he was also H.I.V. positive, said Jean E. Ray, his mother. [PAR] Mr. Ray was a natural fit when he was cast as Leroy in the film, which won Academy Awards for best song and original score. Like his character in the film, Mr. Ray had never had professional dance training but had a raw talent that dazzled choreographers. [PAR] The actors who performed in the movie and in the television series ''Fame'' portrayed students at New York's High School of the Performing Arts, which Mr. Ray attended for a year before being kicked out. ''It was too disciplined for this wild child of mine,'' Mrs. Ray said. [PAR] His journey into the spotlight began at Julia Richmond High School. He performed in a dance class there and later auditioned for Louis Falco, the choreographer for the film ''Fame.'' He skipped school the day of the first tryout, and ''Leroy Johnson was born,'' Mrs. Ray said. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Mr. Ray also played Leroy in the NBC television series ''Fame,'' which made its debut in 1982. It was canceled by NBC because of poor ratings but was later picked up by MGM Television, which distributed it in syndication from 1983 to 1987. [PAR] Born on May 24, 1962, in Harlem, Mr. Ray lived on on West 153rd Street. After he gained stardom for his roles in ''Fame,'' Mr. Ray left school to pursue his career. [PAR] In 1982 he toured Britain, to perform with other ''Fame'' cast members in 10 concerts. ''The Kids From Fame,'' a television special about the tour, was broadcast in the United States a year later. His other film credits include ''Out of Sync'' (1995), which was directed by his ''Fame'' co-star Debbie Allen, and ''Eddie'' (1996), which starred Whoopi Goldberg. [PAR] According to Selma Rubin, who managed Mr. Ray for 24 years, his last video project is a one-hour BBC ''Fame'' reunion documentary, ''Fame Remember My Name,'' which was taped in Los Angeles in April 2003 but has not yet been shown. [PAR] Correction: November 22, 2003, Saturday An obituary on Wednesday about Gene Anthony Ray, featured dancer in the movie ''Fame,'' misspelled part of the name of the Manhattan high school where he auditioned. It was Julia Richman High School, now part of the Julia Richman Educational Complex (not Richmond)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV Interview for BBC (\u201cI like Mr Gorbachev. We can do ... TV Interview for BBC (\u201cI like Mr Gorbachev. We can do business together\u201d) | Margaret Thatcher Foundation [PAR] TV Interview for BBC (\u201cI like Mr Gorbachev. We can do business together\u201d) [PAR] Document type: [PAR] 1200-1245. Film of the item can be seen here . [PAR] Importance ranking: [PAR] 3672 [PAR] Themes: [PAR] Conservative Party (organisation), Defence (arms control), Employment, Industry, Privatised and state industries, Foreign policy (Asia), Foreign policy (development, aid, etc), Foreign policy (USSR and successor states), Leadership, Terrorism, Strikes and other union action, Voluntary sector and charity, Famous statements by MT [PAR] John Cole [PAR] Prime Minister, after meeting Mr. Gorbachev, are you more or less optimistic about detente and world peace in 1985? [PAR] Prime Minister [PAR] I am cautiously optimistic. I like Mr. Gorbachev. We can do business together. We both believe in our own political systems. He firmly believes in his; I firmly believe in mine. We are never going to change one another. So that is not in doubt, but we have two great interests in common: that we should both do everything we can to see that war never starts again, and therefore we go into the disarmament talks determined to make them succeed. And secondly, I think we both believe that they are the more likely to succeed if we can build up confidence in one another and trust in one another about each other's approach, and therefore, we believe in cooperating on trade matters, on cultural matters, on quite a lot of contacts between politicians from the two sides of the divide.[fo 1] [PAR] John Cole [PAR] Mr. Gorbachev has been mentioned as a possible successor to the present leadership and also as a more flexible and, in Soviet terms, a liberal man. Did you form any impression about him personally like that? [PAR] Prime Minister [PAR] [ Mikhail Gorbachev] He was very ready to enter into full, detailed discussion; not to stick to prepared statements. So we had a genuine discussion. As a matter of fact, I also had a genuine discussion with Mr. Chernenko, President Chernenko, when I visited Moscow in February last year, and I also got on very well with President Chernenko, so the two things, really, were very very well worthwhile doing and I am very pleased he is here, and I hope he has an extremely successful visit. [PAR] John Cole [PAR] Now, you will be seeing President Reagan at the end of the week. Do you think there is any chance of a Summit meeting in the New Year between President Chernenko and President Reagan? [PAR] Prime Minister [PAR] I should not hurry along a Summit meeting too fast. I think the most important thing is to try to decide what[fo 2] form the disarmament talks shall take; what shall be discussed; in which group of Ministers; and to try to make progress there. [PAR] I am sure that both sides want to make progress, because it is in both of our interests to do so, and I think it is important that some progress is made first and then perhaps to think of a Summit later. But I think it is wrong to raise expectations too high at the beginning, because then people might be disappointed. If they approach it in the framework that we both want to succeed and then take the progress steadily, that will be better in the longer run. [PAR] John Cole [PAR] So the arms talks first, and what about Star Wars? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dalai_Lama - Running head: THE DALAI LAMA 1 The Dalai Lama ... Dalai_Lama - Running head: THE DALAI LAMA 1 The Dalai Lama a Humanistic [PAR] Dalai_Lama [PAR] Dalai_Lama - Running head: THE DALAI LAMA 1 The Dalai Lama... [PAR] SCHOOL [PAR] Running head: THE DALAI LAMA 1 The Dalai Lama a Humanistic Perspective Axxxxx Mxxxxx Colorado Technical University The Dalai Lama a Humanistic Perspective [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] THE DALAI LAMA 2 Biographical Sketch This study is of Tenzin Gyatso, better known as His Holiness the Dalai Lama, specifically the 14 th Dalai Lama. The Dalai Lama is both a religious and political leader as well as being known worldwide as a human rights activist. According to The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama (2013),\u201d He frequently states that his life is guided by three major commitments: the promotion of basic human values or secular ethics in the interest of human happiness, the fostering of inter-religious harmony and the preservation of Tibet's Buddhist culture, a culture of peace and non-violence.\u201d On July 6 th , 1935 a baby was born to a Tibetan farming family in the village of Taktser. This child was named Lhamo Thondup, which means \u201cwish fulfilling goddess\u201d Tibetan officials had been sent on a journey to locate the 14 Dalai Lama,. By following a number of signs given [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] TERM [PAR] Running head: THE DALAI LAMA 1 The Dalai Lama a Case Study Axxxxx Mxxxxxxxx Colorado [PAR] DalaiLamaStudy4"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung - Rushford Report Rushford Report [PAR] How Hanoi Buys Influence in Washington, D.C. [PAR] posted by Greg Rushford on August 4, 2015 [PAR] U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry arrives in Hanoi this Thursday for a two-day visit. Expect much talk of how the United States and Vietnam have been developing closer security and economic ties \u2014 and how Vietnam\u2019s praiseworthy \u201cprogress\u201d in improving its human-rights record is making this possible. Hopefully, Vietnam\u2019s feared Ministry of Public Security will be on better behavior this week than back in May. Then, Kerry\u2019s top human-rights advisor, Tom Malinowski, held what he characterized as \u201cproductive\u201d meetings in Hanoi with senior Vietnamese officials. On May 11, two days after Malinowski\u2019s visit, thugs wielding metal pipes bloodied a courageous Vietnamese political dissident named Anh Chi. Malinowski deplored the incident, while still insisting that Vietnam has been making commendable \u201cprogress\u201d on human rights. [PAR] Kerry\u2019s Aug. 6-8 trip comes on the heels of a successful visit to Washington last month by Nguyen Phu Trong, the general secretary of the Communist Party. Trong had a \u201cproductive\u201d meeting with President Barack Obama in the Oval Office on July 7, after which the two leaders issued a joint \u201cvision\u201d statement that said each country recognized the importance of protecting human rights. The next day, Trong made a major speech at an influential U.S. think tank, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (better known by its acronym, CSIS). \u201cProtecting and promoting human rights is the main objective of our development,\u201d Trong declared. \u201cWe want to ensure, promote and protect the rights of all people in Vietnam.\u201d [PAR] Well, maybe not all. Once again, a familiar pattern emerged: Shortly before Trong\u2019s speech before a CSIS audience of mainly well-connected Washington insiders, there was another ugly incident behind the scenes. The incident illustrates what\u2019s really going on when American and Vietnamese officials praise Vietnam\u2019s \u201cdemonstrable\u201d human-rights progress. Moreover, the CSIS embarrassment offers a glimpse into how the Communist Party has been quietly buying influence to advance its foreign policy agenda in Washington \u2014 a sophisticated lobby campaign that appears to be working. Hanoi, it appears, has learned that in Washington, money talks. [PAR] But that\u2019s getting ahead of this story, which begins with Trong\u2019s July 8 historic speech \u2014 the first-ever such appearance for a senior Communist Party leader \u2014 at CSIS\u2019 gleaming modern headquarters a few blocks from the White House. As the secretary general was preparing to speak about his deep interest in protecting human rights, Vietnamese security officials were quietly demonstrating otherwise, even on American soil. It seems that Hanoi\u2019s intelligence operatives had a file on one of the invited CSIS guests \u2014 like Anh Chi, another enemy of the state. [PAR] Persona Non Grata [PAR] When Dr. Binh T. Nguyen, a prominent Vietnamese-born physician (and an American citizen) showed up to hear the secretary general\u2019s speech, she was informed that she was persona non grata. [PAR] Binh, an invited guest, cleared CSIS security at the entrance, as she had on several previous occasions. But when she went upstairs to join the audience, a CSIS senior fellow was waiting. Murray Hiebert, accompanied by a CSIS security guard, insisted that Binh leave the premises. An obviously uncomfortable Hiebert explained that he was so sorry, but the communist security operatives simply would not permit Binh to hear Trong\u2019s speech. The apologetic Hiebert told Dr. Binh that he had tried his best to reason with the Vietnamese security officials, but to no avail. They were not interested in negotiating, and were adamant that Binh"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History Place - Vietnam War 1945-1960 The History Place - Vietnam War 1945-1960 [PAR] 1945 - 1960 [PAR] 1941 [PAR] Communist activist Ho Chi Minh secretly returns to Vietnam after 30 years in exile and organizes a nationalist organization known as the Viet Minh (Vietnam Independence League). After Japanese troops occupy Vietnam during World War II, the U.S. military intelligence agency Office of Strategic Services (OSS) allies with Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh guerrillas to harass Japanese troops in the jungles and to help rescue downed American pilots. [PAR] 1945 [PAR] March 9, 1945 - Amid rumors of a possible American invasion, Japanese oust the French colonial government which had been operating independently and seize control of Vietnam, installing Bao Dai as their puppet ruler. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Summer - Severe famine strikes Hanoi and surrounding areas eventually resulting in two million deaths from starvation out of a population of ten million. The famine generates political unrest and peasant revolts against the Japanese and remnants of French colonial society. Ho Chi Minh capitalizes on the turmoil by successfully spreading his Viet Minh movement. [PAR] July 1945 - Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, World War II Allies including the U.S., Britain, and Soviet Union, hold the Potsdam Conference in Germany to plan the post-war world. Vietnam is considered a minor item on the agenda. [PAR] In order to disarm the Japanese in Vietnam, the Allies divide the country in half at the 16th parallel. Chinese Nationalists will move in and disarm the Japanese north of the parallel while the British will move in and do the same in the south. [PAR] During the conference, representatives from France request the return of all French pre-war colonies in Southeast Asia (Indochina). Their request is granted. Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia will once again become French colonies following the removal of the Japanese. [PAR] August 1945 - Japanese surrender unconditionally. Vietnam's puppet emperor, Bao Dai, abdicates. Ho Chi Minh's guerrillas occupy Hanoi and proclaim a provisional government. [PAR] September 2, 1945 - Japanese sign the surrender agreement in Tokyo Bay formally ending World War II in the Pacific. On this same day, Ho Chi Minh proclaims the independence of Vietnam by quoting from the text of the American Declaration of Independence which had been supplied to him by the OSS -- \"We hold the truth that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, among them life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. This immortal statement is extracted from the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America in 1776. These are undeniable truths.\" [PAR] Ho declares himself president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and pursues American recognition but is repeatedly ignored by President Harry Truman. [PAR] September 13, 1945 - British forces arrive in Saigon, South Vietnam. [PAR] In North Vietnam, 150,000 Chinese Nationalist soldiers, consisting mainly of poor peasants, arrive in Hanoi after looting Vietnamese villages during their entire march down from China. They then proceed to loot Hanoi. [PAR] September 22, 1945 - In South Vietnam, 1400 French soldiers released by the British from former Japanese internment camps enter Saigon and go on a deadly rampage, attacking Viet Minh and killing innocent civilians including children, aided by French civilians who joined the rampage. An estimated 20,000 French civilians live in Saigon. [PAR] September 24, 1945 - In Saigon, Viet Minh successfully organize a general strike shutting down all commerce along with electricity and water supplies. In a suburb of Saigon, members of Binh Xuyen, a Vietnamese"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United States presidential election of 1900 - britannica.com United States presidential election of 1900 | United States government | Britannica.com [PAR] United States presidential election of 1900 [PAR] United States government [PAR] United States presidential election of 1900, American presidential election held on November 6, 1900, in which Republican incumbent Pres. William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , winning 292 electoral votes to Bryan\u2019s 155. [PAR] Results of the American presidential election, 1900\u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] A question of imperialism [PAR] In March 1898, two years into William McKinley\u2019s first term as president, he gave Spain\u2014which was in the midst of a brutal campaign of repression in Cuba\u2014an ultimatum. Spain agreed to most of McKinley\u2019s demands, including the cessation of hostilities against Cubans, but balked at giving up its last major New World colony. On April 25 Congress passed a formal declaration of war in the interest of securing Cuban independence. In the brief Spanish-American War \u2014\u201ca splendid little war,\u201d in the words of Secretary of State John Hay \u2014the United States easily defeated Spanish forces in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico . The subsequent Treaty of Paris , signed in December 1898 and ratified by the Senate in February 1899, ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States; Cuba became independent. [PAR] William McKinley (holding broadsheet) with Vice Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in a campaign poster for \u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] The conflict proved to be the defining issue of the election. McKinley\u2014who was renominated by the Republicans at their national convention in Philadelphia in June 1900\u2014continued to emphasize an expansionist foreign policy, arguing that the anti-American rebellion occurring in the Philippines had to be quelled and that American dominion there had to be \u201csupreme.\u201d He employed typical empire-building logic in justifying continued military intervention in the Philippine archipelago, claiming that the United States had a moral and religious obligation to \u201ccivilize and Christianize\u201d its residents. His position was enhanced by the selection as his running mate of then New York governor Theodore Roosevelt , who won all but one vote on the first ballot. ( Garret Hobart , vice president during McKinley\u2019s first term, had died in office the previous year.) Roosevelt had made his name during the war by leading a charge of Rough Riders that took Kettle Hill (frequently referred to as San Juan Hill, which was nearby) in Cuba; he had returned home a national hero. His rise to the nomination was assisted by New York\u2019s political bosses, who were unhappy with his gubernatorial reform efforts\u2014particularly in regard to patronage\u2014and sought to rid themselves of his meddlesome influence. [PAR] Campaign propaganda poster showing Republican presidential incumbent William McKinley and his vice \u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Campaign image of presidential incumbent William McKinley and his vice presidential candidate \u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] United States presidential election of 1988 [PAR] William Jennings Bryan, McKinley\u2019s Democratic opponent in 1896, was again nominated at the party\u2019s convention in July in Kansas City , Missouri . Adlai Stevenson , who had served as vice president to Grover Cleveland , was selected as his running mate. The Democrats vehemently decried the Republican pursuit of empire and resurrected the contentious issue of freely coining silver at a 16:1 ratio to gold (at Bryan\u2019s behest). [PAR] The campaign and the election [PAR] Ohio industrialist Mark Hanna , who had run McKinley\u2019s campaign and filled his coffers during his first presidential bid in 1896 and whom McKinley had appointed to a vacant Senate seat in 1897, again stumped for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History [PAR] Congo, Democratic Republic of the [PAR] History [PAR] Early History [PAR] The indigenous inhabitants of the region of the Congo were probably Pygmies, who lived in small numbers in the equatorial forests of the north and northeast. By the end of the 1st millennium B.C., small numbers of Bantu-speaking people had migrated into the area from the northwest (present-day Nigeria and Cameroon) and settled in the savanna regions of the south. Aided by their knowledge of iron technology and agriculture, the Bantu-speakers migrated to other parts of the Congo and Africa, at the same time developing new, related languages. From about A.D. 700 the copper deposits of S Katanga were worked by the Bantu and traded over wide areas. [PAR] By about 1000 the Bantu had settled most of the Congo, reducing the area occupied by the Pygmies. By the early 2d millennium the Bantu had increased considerably in number and were coalescing into states, some of which governed large areas and had complex administrative structures. Most of the states were ruled by a monarch, whose authority, although considerable, was checked by a council of high civil servants and elders. Notable among the states were the kingdom of Kongo (founded in the 14th cent.), centered in modern N Angola but including extreme W Congo and a Luba empire (founded in the early 16th cent.), centered around lakes Kisale and Upemba in central Katanga. [PAR] Also included among these states were the Lunda kingdom of Mwata Yamo (founded in the 15th cent.), centered in SW Congo; the Kuba kingdom of the Shongo people (established in the early 17th cent.), located in the region of the Kasai and Sankuru rivers in S Congo; and the Lunda kingdom of Mwata Kazembe (founded in the 18th cent.), located near the Luapula River (which forms part of the present Congo-Zambia boundary). Through intermarriage and other contacts the Luba transmitted political ideas to the Lunda, and numerous small Luba-Lunda states (in addition to those of Mwata Yamo and Mwata Kazembe) were established in S Congo. The Kuba kingdom was noted for its sculpture and decorative arts. [PAR] European and Arab Contacts [PAR] In 1482, Diogo C\u00e3o, a Portuguese navigator, became the first European to visit the Congo when he reached the mouth of the Congo River and sailed a few miles upstream. Soon thereafter the Portuguese established ties with the king of Kongo, and in the early 16th cent. they established themselves on parts of the coast of modern Angola, especially at the court of the king of Ndongo (a vassal state of Kongo). The Portuguese had little influence on the Congo until the late 18th cent., when the African and mulatto traders (called pombeiros ), whom they backed, traveled far inland to the kingdom of Mwata Kazembe. [PAR] In the mid-19th cent., Arab, Swahili, and Nyamwezi traders from present-day Tanzania penetrated into E Congo, where they traded and raided for slaves and ivory. Some of the traders established states with considerable power. Msiri (a Nyamwezi) established himself near Mwata Kazembe in 1856, soon enlarged his holdings (mainly at the expense of Mwata Kazembe), and was a major force until 1891, when he was killed by the Belgians. From the 1860s to the early 1890s, Muhammad bin Hamad (known as Tippu Tib), a Swahili Arab trader from Zanzibar, who was also part Nyamwezi, ruled a large portion of E Congo NW of Lake Tanganyika. In the 1870s, on the eve of the scramble for African territory among the European"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The End of the Center-Left? Greece\u2019s Socialist Party Loses ... The End of the Center-Left? Greece's Socialist Party Loses to Both Hard Left and Neo-Nazis - Breitbart [PAR] by Frances Martel 26 Jan 2015 0 [PAR] 26 Jan, 2015 [PAR] 26 Jan, 2015 [PAR] SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER [PAR] The European left is in party mode. After the decisive victory of Greece\u2019s Coalition of the Radical Left (Syriza) in parliamentary elections last night, Greek leftists took to the streets and their analogs in Spain and the UK warned that their nations would be next. But while the hard left has much to celebrate, \u201cmoderate\u201d socialists on the continent should take the news with a grain of salt, as the leftist party that ruled Greece as recently as 2011 appears to have lost almost all support. [PAR] SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER [PAR] The BBC reports , using Greek government statistics, that, with 74% of the vote counted, Syriza won 36%. Such a victory is historic for the nascent party and its leader, Alexis Tsipras, now expected to be the nation\u2019s next prime minister. Syriza decisively defeated the only party to pose a real challenge against them\u2013 the incumbent center-right New Democracy\u2013which received 28.1% of the vote. One would expect that, given the enormous victory for the nation\u2019s most prominent leftist party, that the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Pasok), the largest center-left party in the country, would have come in third. [PAR] They did not. Golden Dawn, a neo-Nazi party whose leadership is almost entirely behind bars , took third place. [PAR] Nor did Pasok make fourth place\u2013 that went to \u201c The River ,\u201d a populist leftist experiment starved out of the competition by the growth of Syriza. [PAR] Pasok was not in fifth place. That went to the Greek Communist Party. [PAR] Pasok made a sixth-place showing in the Greek elections, with 4.7% of the vote. [PAR] Even more marked for the party: George Papandreou, Pasok leader and former Prime Minister, will no longer be in Parliament. It will be the first time a Papandreou will not be in Parliament in 92 years , as the party\u2019s founder and current leader\u2019s father, Andreas Papandreou, also served a long tenure in Parliament. The younger Papandreou left the party to run for his seat with a new party, the Socialist Democrats Movement (KIDISO), after failing to reach agreements with other Pasok leaders on how to cooperate with New Democracy, the center-right party. Kidiso failed to garner a high enough percentage of the vote to keep Papandreou in office. [PAR] The combined indignity of losing the elections to not one, but three other leftist groups\u2013 Syriza, The River, and the Greek Communist Party\u2013 as well as losing to Golden Dawn may have been the last nail in the coffin for Pasok. The party\u2019s death knell had been ringing for years in the height of the debt crisis that Papandreou failed to solve. In an article in 2013, Greek supporters of the party told the BBC that uttering \u201cPasok\u201d is \u201clike a dirty word.\u201d [PAR] \u201cNow the party has destroyed our national identity, our social and business environment. It has destroyed everything,\u201d said one man who identified himself as a former loyal Pasok supporter in the port city of Patras. He now supports Syriza. [PAR] Pasok is not a \u201ccenter-left\u201d party the way that the Democratic Party in America is. The younger Papandreou also served as president of the Socialist International during his tenure as Prime Minister. They are hard economic and political leftists\u2013 simply slightly less hard left than the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pius XII and the Jews during World War II - Michael Journal Pius XII and the Jews during World War II [PAR] Pius XII and the Jews during World War II [PAR] on Wednesday, 01 May 2002. Posted in Other Popes [PAR] Falsely accused of having remained silent during the Holocaust, [PAR] Pope Pius XII did more than any other human being to save Jews [PAR] False accusations [PAR] Pius XII, Pope from 1939 to 1958, \u201crescued more Jews than all the Allies combined.\u201d [PAR] During and after World War II, and again upon his death in 1958, Pope Pius XII was praised by secular and Jewish leaders for his efforts to save Jews from the Nazi-induced Holocaust. During the last forty years, however, many people, including some Catholics, have accused the Pope of \u201csilence\u201d and even of criminal negligence, saying he could have said and done much more to lessen the genocide that claimed millions of Jews. [PAR] These attacks against Pius XII require a false rewriting of history that does not survive honest scrutiny. Because of a defamatory work of fiction, \u201cThe Deputy\u201d, written in 1963 by a little-known German Protestant playwright, Rolf Hochhuth, Pius XII's wartime record has been unjustly tarnished. In this play, the main protagonist, the young Jesuit Riccardo Fontana, says: \u201cA Vicar of Christ who sees these things before his eyes and still remains silent because of state policies, who delays even one day... such a pope is a criminal.\u201d (Ironically, as a boy, Hochhuth was a member of the Hitler Youth, and his father, an officer in the German Army.) [PAR] Pre-eminent Jews defend Pius XII [PAR] Ever since the play by Hochhuth was staged, it has become part of conventional folklore to blame Pope Pius XII for being \"silent\" during the Holocaust. But that is certainly not what many were saying at the time, including the World Jewish Congress, the American Jewish Committee, Golda Meir, Albert Einstein, and many others \u2014 all of whom applauded the efforts of Pius XII to do what he could to save Jews. Mainly by providing false birth certificates, religious disguises, and safe keeping in cloistered monasteries and convents, the Pope oversaw efforts that helped save hundreds of thousands of Jews from deportation to Nazi death camps. [PAR] The Israeli diplomat and scholar Pinchas Lapide concluded his careful review of Pius XII's wartime activities with the following words: \u201cThe Catholic Church, under the pontificate of Pius XII, was instrumental in saving the lives of as many as 860,000 Jews from certain death at Nazi hands.\u201d He went on to add that this \u201cfigure far exceeds those saved by all other Churches and rescue organizations combined.\u201d After recounting statements of appreciation from a variety of preeminent Jewish spokespersons, he noted. \u201cNo Pope in history has been thanked more heartily by Jews.\u201d [PAR] At the Eichmann Nazi War Crimes Trial in 1961, Jewish scholar Jeno Levai testified that the Bishops of the Catholic Church \u201cintervened again and again on the instructions of the Pope.\u201d In 1968, he wrote that \u201cthe one person (Pius XII) who did more than anyone else to halt the dreadful crime and alleviate its consequences, is today made the scapegoat for the failures of others.\u201d In \u201cThe Secret War Against the Jews\u201d in 1994, Jewish writers John Loftus and Mark Aarons write that \u201cPope Pius XII probably rescued more Jews than all the Allies combined.\u201d [PAR] The Pope's efforts did not go unrecognized by Jewish authorities, even during the War. The Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem, Isaac Herzog, sent the Pope a personal message"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidents - The 20th century Presidents - The 20th century [PAR] The 20th century [PAR] The Presidents of the 1900's [PAR] The facts and fun facts of the 20th century presidents. [PAR] (This video does not include McKinley, but he IS a 20th century president. His last year as president was 1901.) [PAR] The Facts [PAR] If you don't feel like reading all the information below please watch our video! It only states the common information on the 20th century presidents and what they did during their presidency. [PAR] William McKinley 25th President 1897-1901, Republican. [PAR] Vice Presidents: Garret A. Hobart(1897-99) and Theodore Roosevelt(1901) [PAR] Born: January 29, 1843 [PAR] Occupation before President: Lawyer [PAR] Married: Ida Saxton [PAR] Early Years: He went to school in Ohio and attended Allegheny College in Pennsylvania. He left to teach in a country school, fought in the Civil War, studied law and opened an office in Ohio. [PAR] His Presidency: He reluctantly agreed to declare war on Spain when the USS Maine was blown up in Havana Harbor and 260 Americans were killed. In less than four months, the United States won the war and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Cuba gained its independence. McKinley was a popular president, but was assassinated after being reelected the second time. [PAR] Died: September 14,1901 [PAR] Fun Fact: McKinley could shake hands at the rate of 2,500 per hour. He may hold the record among the presidents for handshaking. [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt 26th President 1901-1909, Republican [PAR] Vice President: Charles Warren Fairbanks [PAR] Born: October 27,1858 [PAR] Occupation before President: Author, Public Official, Rancher [PAR] Married: Alice Hathaway Lee, Edith Kermit Carow [PAR] Early Years: Roosevelt overcame poor health through sports and exercise. He was tutored at home until he went to Harvard where he was a Phi Beta Kappa honor student. He later became an author. [PAR] His Presidency: Roosevelt's first term brought about the Square Deal to regulate big business and provide favorable conditions for workers. His second term brought the regulation of railroads, meat inspection, the Pure Food and Drug Act and employers' liability legislation. Roosevelt also made great progress in the conservation of natural resources. [PAR] Died: January 6, 1919 [PAR] Fun Fact: Roosevelt could read a page as quickly as someone else could read a sentence. He had a photographic memory. [PAR] William Taft 27th President 1909-1913, Republican [PAR] Vice President: James S. Sherman [PAR] Born: September 15, 1857 [PAR] Occupation before President: Lawyer, Public Official [PAR] Married: Helen \"Nellie\" Herron [PAR] Early Years: Taft's father was a judge whose family dated back to the Puritan settlers. Taft was an excellent student and second in his graduating class at Yale. He became a successful lawyer. [PAR] His Presidency: Taft was able to accomplish several major reforms. The Postal Savings System provided safety for small depositors. The Interstate Commerce Commission gained greater control over the railroads. Taft expanded antitrust actions to break up large monopolies. He had excellent management skills and was a good administrator. [PAR] Died: March 8, 1930 [PAR] Fun Fact: Taft started the custom of the first baseball of the season being thrown by the president. [PAR] Woodrow Wilson 28th President 1913-1921, Democrat [PAR] Vice President: Thomas R. Marshall [PAR] Born: December 28, 1856 [PAR] Occupation before President: Teacher, Public Official [PAR] Married: Ellen Louise Axson and Edith Bolling Galt [PAR] Early Years: Wilson was educated in private schools and later went to the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University. He became lawyer but was unsuccessful. He then studied history and political"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Night New York Avoided a Riot - The Morning News The Night New York Avoided a Riot - The Morning News [PAR] The Morning News [PAR] New York, April 1968. Credit: John VanderHaagen . [PAR] The Night New York Avoided a Riot [PAR] by Clay Risen [PAR] In the days following Martin Luther King, Jr.\u2019s assassination, more than 100 cities experienced significant civil disturbance. In New York, everyone expected riots. What happened next. [PAR] Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in Memphis a little after 6 p.m., Central Standard Time, on April 4, 1968. As the news spread around the country, angry and grieving inner-city residents poured into the streets. In many places, marches and protests broke out; in some, the crowds turned violent. Scores of shops and restaurants along Washington\u2019s 14th Street were looted that night, and several were set on fire, some only a few minutes\u2019 drive from the White House. [PAR] Over the following few days, more than 100 cities would experience significant civil disturbance. In many cases it took National Guard troops to bring peace, and in three\u2014Baltimore, Chicago, and Washington\u2014it took thousands of active Army and Marine units. Strangely, however, New York City almost completely avoided violence, despite widespread expectation during the previous year that the city was due for a massive riot. This is the story of how the city avoided conflagration on that first, tense night. [PAR] The following is excerpted from Clay Risen\u2019s book, A Nation on Fire: America in the Wake of the King Assassination . [PAR] [PAR] The nation\u2019s capital wasn\u2019t the only place teetering on the edge of violence. Memphis remained surprisingly calm, but in the middle of the state, four thousand Tennessee National Guardsmen deployed in northern Nashville after reports of vandalism and looting began pouring into police headquarters. Farther east, in Raleigh, North Carolina, a march near predominantly black Shaw University descended into a window-smashing spree, and police sealed off the area. Cops used tear gas in Jackson, Mississippi, after a mob started breaking car windows and set a reporter\u2019s car on fire. Molotov cocktails ignited a furniture store in Houston. Hartford, Connecticut, and Tallahassee, Florida, experienced minor riots, while police battled with youths throwing bottles and rocks in two separate sections of Newark. [PAR] But with Memphis intact, the real concern shifted to New York. Ever since the 1965 Watts riot, the media, the public, and the city and federal governments had assumed that the Big Apple was in for a major conflagration\u2014\u201cthe mother of confrontations between black youths and the police force,\u201d as New York magazine later characterized it. Almost as soon as the news of King\u2019s death hit the airwaves, Harlem residents were out in the streets. Music-store owners pointed speakers out their front doors, playing recordings of King\u2019s speeches. Like the crowds in Washington, most people were looking for comfort, conversation, and more news. But others were expressing their anger in more direct ways, harassing motorists and roughing up pedestrians. [PAR] When H. Rap Brown came to town talking about violent revolution, a drug dealer and his crew jumped him, saying, \u201cIf you ever come back here talking that sort of shit, we\u2019ll kill you.\u201d [PAR] In midtown Manhattan, Mayor John Lindsay was at the Alvin Theater, sitting through the first act of a new Broadway musical, The Education of H*y*m*a*n K*a*p*l*a*n, starring his friend Tom Bosley. Lindsay was a liberal Republican, one of the most liberal in national politics. It was he who, as deputy chair, had pushed the Kerner Riot Commission to blame \u201cwhite racism\u201d for the riots,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vaclav Havel who became Czech Republic's first elected ... Vaclav Havel who became Czech Republic's first elected president dies aged 75 | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Vaclav Havel, pictured in 2005, died at his weekend this morning, according to his assistant [PAR] Vaclav Havel, who became the first Czech president after leading the bloodless Velvet Revolution against communist rule, died yesterday aged 75. [PAR] The dissident playwright was instrumental in opening the door to democracy in Eastern Europe by loosening the Soviet grip. [PAR] Tributes flooded in from world leaders who hailed him as \u2018the greatest European of our age\u2019. [PAR] Havel was invited by Margaret Thatcher to 10 Downing Street during his first official visit to the UK after the collapse of communism in 1989. [PAR] As well as steering his country towards freedom, he also oversaw the peaceful 1993 split of Czechoslovakia into two separate countries \u2013 the Czech Republic and Slovakia. [PAR] David Cameron said he was \u2018deeply saddened\u2019 at his death. [PAR] \u2018Havel devoted his life to the cause of human freedom,\u2019 said the Prime Minister. [PAR] \u2018For years, communism tried to crush him and to extinguish his voice. But Havel, the playwright and the dissident, could not be silenced. [PAR] \u2018No one of my generation will ever forget those powerful scenes from Wenceslas Square two decades ago. Havel led the Czech people out of tyranny. And he helped bring freedom and democracy to our entire continent. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] \u2018Europe owes Vaclav Havel a profound debt. Today his voice has fallen silent. But his example and the cause to which he devoted his life will live on.\u2019 [PAR] Thousands of people gather in Venceslaw's Square in Prague as a flag is passed over the crowd of mourners [PAR] Soldiers stand guard next to a portrait of Havel, set in his memory at the Prague Castle today [PAR] A man takes in the news from a commemorative issue of DNES that was handed out to mourners [PAR] Hundreds of candles have been lit this evening in tribute to Havel at Wenceslas Square in Prague this evening [PAR] Foreign Secretary William Hague said: \u2018Cold War hero, playwright and president. He opened the door to democracy in Eastern Europe and will always be remembered.\u2019 [PAR] He added: \u2018He played a pivotal role in the development of freedom in Europe.\u2019 [PAR] Havel never won the Nobel Peace prize despite being nominated several times for the honour. [PAR] But he was bestowed with America\u2019s highest civilian award by then President George W. Bush who called him \u2018one of liberty\u2019s great heroes\u2019. [PAR] Revolutionary: Havel waves to massive crowds of demonstrators in Prague's Wenceslas Square in 1989, following the collapse of communism and introduction of a new government [PAR] National hero: President Havel and his wife Dagmar wave from the balcony of Prague Castle after Havel was sworn in for a second term as president in 1998 [PAR] The former chain smoker, who survived several operations for lung cancer and a burst intestine that nearly killed him, died at his country home north-east of the Czech capital Prague. [PAR] He had a history of chronic respiratory problems dating back to his years locked in dank communist prisons. In recent public appearances recently he appeared thin and drawn. [PAR] Born in 1936 to a wealthy family in Czechoslovakia, he began co-writing plays during his military service in the 1950s. His first solo play, The Garden Party, was staged in 1963. [PAR] Respected: Havel in discussion with former Italian Prime Minister Silvio"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver North - Iran-Contra Case - Federation of American ... Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 2 United States v. Oliver L. North [PAR] Chapter 2 [PAR] United States v. Oliver L. North [PAR] Oliver L. North, a Marine lieutenant colonel assigned to the National Security Council staff beginning in 1981 until he was fired on November 25, 1986, was the White House official most directly involved in secretly aiding the contras, selling arms to Iran, and diverting Iran arms sales proceeds to the contras. [PAR] North, who was deputy director of political-military affairs, reported many of his activities to his superiors, National Security Adviser Robert C. McFarlane and later John M. Poindexter. He claimed to have taken much of his direction from Central Intelligence Agency Director William Casey.1 [PAR] 1 See Casey chapter. [PAR] More significantly, North testified repeatedly that he believed President Reagan was aware and approving of his activities. North was unable to offer direct proof of presidential knowledge and authorization. Both McFarlane and Poindexter, who were North's channel to the President, have either claimed ignorance of certain of North's activities or said they deliberately shielded the President from such details. President Reagan in written interrogatory answers to Independent Counsel also denied knowledge of North's illegal conduct. Although the Office of Independent Counsel could not prove that President Reagan directly approved North's criminal actions, there is no doubt that he and his national security advisers allowed North to operate with unprecedented latitude in furtherance of Administration policies. [PAR] North was indicted in March 1988 on 16 Iran/contra charges, along with Poindexter, retired U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Richard V. Secord and Albert Hakim in a 23-count indictment. After the cases were severed and the central conspiracy charges were dropped due to classified-information problems, North stood trial beginning in February 1989 on 12 counts. On May 4, 1989, he was found guilty of three counts, including aiding and abetting obstruction of Congress, shredding and altering official documents, and accepting an illegal gratuity from Secord. North's convictions were vacated on July 20, 1990, after the appeals court found that witnesses in his trial might have been impermissibly affected by his immunized congressional testimony. [PAR] The Decision to Prosecute [PAR] It is no exaggeration to say that the North case was central to the investigation into the entire Iran/contra matter. This may be difficult to understand in view of North's middle-level position on the NSC staff. It gave him no statutory power to command and control activities within the NSC, much less other areas of the vast government bureaucracy such as the departments of State and Defense and the CIA. Despite these limiting factors, it was clear from the earliest stages of OIC's investigation that North had working control of the Secord-Hakim covert-action Enterprise. [PAR] North amassed the authority to carry out his role through a combination of factors, including: [PAR] (1) President Reagan's directive to McFarlane to keep the contra forces together ``body and soul,'' despite the Boland Amendment funding cut-off,2 and the President's determination to pursue the release of American hostages at whatever cost. [PAR] 2 McFarlane, North Trial Testimony, 3/10/89, p. 3946. [PAR] (2) An extraordinary delegation of authority to North by McFarlane and Poindexter in executing the contra and Iran operations. [PAR] (3) The decision by President Reagan, Casey and others to run covert operations out of the NSC, where there was no institutional framework for conducting such operations and no system of accountability or oversight. [PAR] (4) The designation of North as the secret point man for contra support after CIA assistance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] President Truman's Obituary - Python President Truman's Obituary [PAR] President Truman's Obituary [PAR] [From page 1 of The New York Times, December 27, 1972] [PAR] [With grateful thanks to Michael Elsner for transcription!] [PAR] TRUMAN, 33D PRESIDENT IS DEAD; SERVED IN TIME OF FIRST A-BOMB, MARSHALL PLAN, NATO AND KOREA [PAR] Funeral to Be Tomorrow In Independence Library [PAR] By B. Drummond Ayers Jr. [PAR] Special To The New York Times [PAR] KANSAS CITY, Mo., Dec 26 -- Harry S. Truman, the 33d President of the United States, died this morning. He was 88 years old. [PAR] Mr. Truman, an outspoken and decisive Missouri Democrat who served in the White House from 1945 to 1953, succumbed at 7:50 A.M., central standard time, in Kansas City's Research Hospital and Medical Center. [PAR] He had been a patient there for the last 22 days, struggling against lung congestion, heart irregularity, kidney blockages, failure of the digestive system and the afflictions of old age. [PAR] In the more than seven years he was President, from the time Franklin Delano Roosevelt's death suddenly elevated him from the Vice Presidency until he himself was succeeded by Dwight David Eisenhower, Mr. Truman left a major mark as a world leader. [PAR] He brought mankind face to face with the age of holocaust by ordering atomic bombs dropped on Japan, sent American troops into Korea to halt Communist aggession in Asia, helped contain Communism in Europe by forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and speeded the postwar recovery of Europe through the Marshall Plan. [PAR] His domestic record was somewhat less dramatic, for his proposals were often premature. He ended up on the losing sides of fights other Presidents later won -- Federal health care, equal rights legislation, low income housing. [PAR] His other legacies were perhaps less tangible but no less remembered -- the morning walk, the \"Give 'em hell\" campaign that nipped Thomas E. Dewey at the wire, the desk plaque that proclaimed \"The Buck Stops Here!\" and the word to the timid and indecisive \"If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.\" [PAR] Towards the end of his struggle for life, the former President weakened steadily. Early yesterday his doctors warned that death might come \"within hours.\" [PAR] When it came, the doctors announced that the cause was \"a complexity of organic failures causing a collapse of the cardiovascular system.\" [PAR] A state funeral will be held Thursday in nearby Independence, Mr. Truman's hometown, to mark his passing. Much of the ceremony will be subdued and private at the family's request. [PAR] State funerals are conducted only for former commanders in chief, although the President can direct that a state funeral be held for an individual. Modifications in state funerals, which usually cover 4 or 5 days with considerable ceremony, are made at the request of the family, as in this case. [PAR] President Nixon has declared the day of burial, Thursday, to be a day of national mourning. The American flag is to be flown at half-mast for thirty days. [PAR] The former President's body will lie in state at the Truman Library in Independence from 1:35 P. M. tomorrow until 11 A. M. Thursday. Burial will follow on the Library grounds at a spot chosen by Mr. Truman himself. [PAR] President Nixon will fly to Kansas City tomorrow afternoon, then go to the library to lie a wreath at the base of Mr. Truman's coffin. Although it was understood that the President's name was included on the official list of persons invited to attend the funeral, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidents - The 20th century Presidents - The 20th century [PAR] The 20th century [PAR] The Presidents of the 1900's [PAR] The facts and fun facts of the 20th century presidents. [PAR] (This video does not include McKinley, but he IS a 20th century president. His last year as president was 1901.) [PAR] The Facts [PAR] If you don't feel like reading all the information below please watch our video! It only states the common information on the 20th century presidents and what they did during their presidency. [PAR] William McKinley 25th President 1897-1901, Republican. [PAR] Vice Presidents: Garret A. Hobart(1897-99) and Theodore Roosevelt(1901) [PAR] Born: January 29, 1843 [PAR] Occupation before President: Lawyer [PAR] Married: Ida Saxton [PAR] Early Years: He went to school in Ohio and attended Allegheny College in Pennsylvania. He left to teach in a country school, fought in the Civil War, studied law and opened an office in Ohio. [PAR] His Presidency: He reluctantly agreed to declare war on Spain when the USS Maine was blown up in Havana Harbor and 260 Americans were killed. In less than four months, the United States won the war and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Cuba gained its independence. McKinley was a popular president, but was assassinated after being reelected the second time. [PAR] Died: September 14,1901 [PAR] Fun Fact: McKinley could shake hands at the rate of 2,500 per hour. He may hold the record among the presidents for handshaking. [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt 26th President 1901-1909, Republican [PAR] Vice President: Charles Warren Fairbanks [PAR] Born: October 27,1858 [PAR] Occupation before President: Author, Public Official, Rancher [PAR] Married: Alice Hathaway Lee, Edith Kermit Carow [PAR] Early Years: Roosevelt overcame poor health through sports and exercise. He was tutored at home until he went to Harvard where he was a Phi Beta Kappa honor student. He later became an author. [PAR] His Presidency: Roosevelt's first term brought about the Square Deal to regulate big business and provide favorable conditions for workers. His second term brought the regulation of railroads, meat inspection, the Pure Food and Drug Act and employers' liability legislation. Roosevelt also made great progress in the conservation of natural resources. [PAR] Died: January 6, 1919 [PAR] Fun Fact: Roosevelt could read a page as quickly as someone else could read a sentence. He had a photographic memory. [PAR] William Taft 27th President 1909-1913, Republican [PAR] Vice President: James S. Sherman [PAR] Born: September 15, 1857 [PAR] Occupation before President: Lawyer, Public Official [PAR] Married: Helen \"Nellie\" Herron [PAR] Early Years: Taft's father was a judge whose family dated back to the Puritan settlers. Taft was an excellent student and second in his graduating class at Yale. He became a successful lawyer. [PAR] His Presidency: Taft was able to accomplish several major reforms. The Postal Savings System provided safety for small depositors. The Interstate Commerce Commission gained greater control over the railroads. Taft expanded antitrust actions to break up large monopolies. He had excellent management skills and was a good administrator. [PAR] Died: March 8, 1930 [PAR] Fun Fact: Taft started the custom of the first baseball of the season being thrown by the president. [PAR] Woodrow Wilson 28th President 1913-1921, Democrat [PAR] Vice President: Thomas R. Marshall [PAR] Born: December 28, 1856 [PAR] Occupation before President: Teacher, Public Official [PAR] Married: Ellen Louise Axson and Edith Bolling Galt [PAR] Early Years: Wilson was educated in private schools and later went to the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University. He became lawyer but was unsuccessful. He then studied history and political"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American Experience | Return With Honor | People & Events American Experience | Return With Honor | People & Events [PAR] People & Events: Paris Peace Talks [PAR] In 1967, with American troop strength in Vietnam reaching 500,000, protest against U.S. participation in the Vietnam War had grown stronger as growing numbers of Americans questioned whether the U.S. war effort could succeed or was morally justifiable. They took their protests to the streets in peace marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience. Despite the country's polarization, the balance of American public opinion was beginning to sway toward \"de-escalation\" of the war. [PAR] This was the backdrop as the United States and Hanoi agreed to enter into preliminary peace talks in Paris in 1968. However, almost as soon as the talks were started, they stalled. When President Lyndon Johnson turned over the presidency to Richard Nixon eight months into the talks, the only thing the two sides had agreed on was the shape of the conference table. [PAR] Despite candidate Nixon's promise of \"peace with honor,\" the deadlock would continue for three-and-one-half years of public and secret meetings in Paris. Two key issues had locked both parties. Washington wanted all northern troops out of South Vietnam; Hanoi refused any provisional South Vietnamese government that involved its leader, Nguyen Van Thieu. In June 1969 the first troop withdrawals were made by the U.S., as part of its \"Vietnamization\" plan, whereby the South Vietnamese would gradually assume complete military responsibilities in the war while continuing to be supplied by U.S. arms. [PAR] In February 1970, national security advisor Henry Kissinger began secret one-on-one meetings with North Vietnamese negotiator Le Duc Tho outside Paris while the formal peace process continued in the city. Still, little progress would be made until the summer of 1972. By then, Nixon was pursuing d\u00e9tente with both China and the Soviet Union and was eager to put Vietnam behind him before the next election. Both sides wanted peace. Hanoi feared political isolation if the U.S. had a rapprochement with China and the Soviet Union. They also knew that peace would end the fearsome U.S. bombing and might finally mean the complete withdrawal of the military giant. Nixon wanted to move to other foreign policy initiatives. [PAR] Kissinger assured the North that their troops would be able to remain in the South after the cease-fire. Kissinger also backed down on the U.S. support of the Thieu regime by agreeing to an electoral commission made up of neutralists, Viet Cong and members of the Saigon government that would oversee the political settlement in the South. In return, the North withdrew its condition of Thieu's removal, and agreed the future flow of Vietnamese troops to the South would stop. [PAR] By October 1972, a tentative cease-fire agreement was reached. The accord called for the simultaneous withdrawal of U.S. troops and freedom for American POWs , to be followed by a political settlement of South Vietnam's future. Washington would extend postwar economic assistance to help Vietnam rebuild its destroyed infrastructure. On October 22, Nixon suspended all bombing north of the twentieth parallel and four days later Kissinger proclaimed that \"peace was at hand.\" [PAR] The celebration was premature. Thieu, who had not been consulted during the secret negotiations, demanded changes that infuriated Hanoi, and talks broke off on December 13. Nixon, caught between a stubborn ally and a tough enemy, took action. He promised Thieu $1 billion in military equipment that would give South Vietnam the fourth largest air force in the world and assured Thieu that the United States would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FDR nominated for unprecedented third term - Jul 18, 1940 ... FDR nominated for unprecedented third term - Jul 18, 1940 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 07/18/1940 - FDR Nominated for a 3rd Term [PAR] In a This Day in History video, learn that on July 18, 1986, the Titanic was finally seen under the sea. After sinking into the icy North Atlantic upon striking an iceberg, the Titanic hadn't been seen for seventy-four years. Jason Jr., J.J., dove 13,000 feet to explore the Titanic. A robotic arm tried to open the ship's safe but the door wouldn't budge; the Titanic would keep some secrets yet in her cold Atlantic grave. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] FDR nominated for unprecedented third term [PAR] Share this: [PAR] FDR nominated for unprecedented third term [PAR] Author [PAR] FDR nominated for unprecedented third term [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1940, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who first took office in 1933 as America\u2019s 32nd president, is nominated for an unprecedentedthird term. Roosevelt, a Democrat, would eventually be elected to a record four terms in office, the only U.S. president to serve more than two terms. [PAR] Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York, and went on to serve as a New York state senator from 1911 to 1913, assistant secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920 and governor of New York from 1929 to 1932. In 1932, he defeated incumbent Herbert Hoover to be elected president for the first time. During his first term, Roosevelt enacted his New Deal social programs, which were aimed at lifting America out of the Great Depression. In 1936, he won his second term in office by defeating Kansas governor Alf Landon in a landslide. [PAR] On July 18, 1940, Roosevelt was nominated for a third presidential term at the Democratic Party convention in Chicago. The president received some criticism for running again because there was an unwritten rule in American politics that no U.S. president should serve more than two terms. Thecustom dated back to the country\u2019s first president, George Washington, who in 1796 declined to run for a third term in office. Nevertheless, Roosevelt believed it was his duty to continue serving and lead his country through the mounting crisis in Europe, where Hitler\u2019s Nazi Germany was on the rise. The president went on to defeat Republican Wendell Wilkie in the general election, and his third term in office was dominated by America\u2019s involvement in World War II. [PAR] In 1944, with the war still in progress, Roosevelt defeated New York governor Thomas Dewey for a fourth term in office. However, the president was unable to complete the full term. On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt, who had suffered from various health problems for years, died at age 63 in Warm Springs, Georgia. He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman. On March 21, 1947, Congress passed the 22nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which stated that no person could be elected to the office of president more than twice. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states in 1951. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Presidential Terms - Why Presidents Can Serve 2 Terms Presidential Terms - Why Presidents Can Serve 2 Terms [PAR] By Tom Murse [PAR] Updated August 23, 2016. [PAR] The number of presidential terms is limited to two under the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution , which reads in part: \"No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice.\" Presidential terms are four"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US Stamp Gallery >> Dean Acheson US Stamp Gallery >> Dean Acheson [PAR] Dean Acheson [PAR] Dean Acheson [PAR] Dean Acheson was U.S. secretary of state under President Harry Truman and a major architect of U.S. foreign policy after World War II. He helped formulate an active role for the United States in the postwar world, reversing early isolationist policies. During a period as undersecretary of state to George C. Marshall, Acheson helped develop a policy of containment toward communism and to secure aid for Turkey and Greece against Communist-back insurgents in 1947. Acheson also helped to draft the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe. As secretary of state, he supported the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Relative to Asia, he helped distance the United States from the Chinese Nationalist regime on Taiwan, while rejecting recognition of the Communists regime on the mainland."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph R. McCarthy - Cold War - HISTORY.com Joseph R. McCarthy - Cold War - HISTORY.com [PAR] Joseph R. McCarthy [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the prospect of communist subversion at home and abroad seemed frighteningly real to many people in the United States. These fears came to define\u2013and, in some cases, corrode\u2013the era\u2019s political culture. For many Americans, the most enduring symbol of this \u201cRed Scare\u201d was Republican Senator Joseph P. McCarthy of Wisconsin. Senator McCarthy spent almost five years trying in vain to expose communists and other left-wing \u201cloyalty risks\u201d in the U.S. government. In the hyper-suspicious atmosphere of the Cold War, insinuations of disloyalty were enough to convince many Americans that their government was packed with traitors and spies. McCarthy\u2019s accusations were so intimidating that few people dared to speak out against him. It was not until he attacked the Army in 1954 that his actions earned him the censure of the U.S. Senate. [PAR] Google [PAR] The Cold War [PAR] In the years after World War II ended, events at home and abroad seemed to many Americans to prove that the \u201cRed menace\u201d was real. In August 1949, for instance, the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb. Later that year, Communist forces declared victory in the Chinese Civil War and established the People\u2019s Republic of China. In 1950, North Korea\u2019s Soviet-backed army invaded its pro-Western neighbors to the South; in response, the United States entered the conflict on the side of South Korea. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Along with the Army-McCarthy hearings, journalist Edward R. Murrow\u2019s expos\u00e9s of McCarthyism played an important role in the senator\u2019s downfall. On March 9, 1954, millions of Americans watched as the national news program \"See It Now\" attacked McCarthy and his methods. [PAR] At the same time, the Republican-led House Un-American Activities Committee (known as HUAC ) began a determined campaign to extirpate communist subversion at home. HUAC\u2019s targets included left-wingers in Hollywood and liberals in the State Department. In 1950, Congress passed the McCarran Internal Security Act, which required that all \u201csubversives\u201d in the United States submit to government supervision. (President Truman vetoed the Act\u2014he said it \u201cwould make a mockery of our Bill of Rights\u201d\u2014but a Congressional majority overrode his veto.) [PAR] Joseph McCarthy and the Rise of McCarthyism [PAR] All of these factors combined to create an atmosphere of fear and dread, which proved a ripe environment for the rise of a staunch anticommunist like Joseph McCarthy. At the time, McCarthy was a first-term senator from Wisconsin who had won election in 1946 after a campaign in which he criticized his opponent\u2019s failure to enlist during World War II while emphasizing his own wartime heroics. [PAR] In February 1950, appearing at the Ohio County Women\u2019s Republican Club in Wheeling, West Virginia , McCarthy gave a speech that propelled him into the national spotlight. Waving a piece of paper in the air, he declared that he had a list of 205 known members of the Communist Party who were \u201cworking and shaping policy\u201d in the State Department. [PAR] The next month, a Senate subcommittee launched an investigation and found no proof of any subversive activity. Moreover, many of McCarthy\u2019s Democratic and Republican colleagues, including President Dwight Eisenhower, disapproved of his tactics (\u201cI will not get into the gutter with this guy,\u201d the president told his aides). Still, the senator continued his so-called Red-baiting campaign. In 1953, at the beginning of his second term as senator, McCarthy was put in charge of the Committee on Government Operations,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franklin D. Roosevelt: Campaigns and Elections\u2014Miller Center Franklin D. Roosevelt: Campaigns and Elections\u2014Miller Center [PAR] About the Administration [PAR] The Campaign and Election of 1932: [PAR] Political observers in the early 1930s were of decidedly mixed opinion about the possible presidential candidacy of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Many leaders of the Democratic Party saw in Roosevelt an attractive mixture of experience (as governor of New York and as a former vice presidential candidate) and appeal (the Roosevelt name itself, which immediately associated FDR with his remote cousin, former President Theodore Roosevelt.)FDR's record as governor of New York\u2014and specifically his laudable, if initially conservative, efforts to combat the effects of the depression in his own state\u2014only reinforced his place as the leading Democratic contender for the 1932 presidential nomination. Under the watchful eyes of his political advisers Louis Howe and James Farley, FDR patiently garnered support from Democrats around the country, but especially in the South and the West. In preparation for his presidential bid, Roosevelt consulted a group of college professors, dubbed the \"Brains Trust\" (later shortened to the \"Brain Trust\"), for policy advice. [PAR] Other observers, however, were not so sanguine about his abilities or chances. Walter Lippmann, the dean of political commentators and a shaper of public opinion, observed acidly of Roosevelt: \"He is a pleasant man who, without any important qualifications for the office, would very much like to be president.\" FDR's Democratic Party, moreover, was both factionalized and ideologically splintered. Several other candidates sought the nomination, including Speaker of the House John Nance Garner of Texas (who found support in the west) and the party's 1928 candidate, Alfred Smith (who ran strong in the urban northeast). The party further split on two key social issues: Catholicism and prohibition. Smith was a Catholic and wanted to end prohibition, which pleased Democrats in the Northeast, but angered those in the South and West. [PAR] In 1932, though, the key issue was the Great Depression, not Catholicism or prohibition, which gave Democrats a great opportunity to take the White House back from the Republicans. While FDR did not enter the Democratic convention in Chicago with the necessary two-thirds of the delegates, he managed to secure them after promising Garner the vice-presidential nomination. FDR then broke with tradition and flew to Chicago by airplane to accept the nomination in person, promising delegates \"a new deal for the American people.\" FDR's decision to go to Chicago was politically necessary: he needed to demonstrate to the country that even though his body had been ravaged by polio, he was robust, strong, and energetic. [PAR] Roosevelt's campaign for president was necessarily cautious. His opponent, President Herbert Hoover, was so unpopular that FDR's main strategy was not to commit any gaffes that might take the public's attention away from Hoover's inadequacies and the nation's troubles. FDR traveled around the country attacking Hoover and promising better days ahead, but often without referring to any specific programs or policies. Roosevelt was so genial\u2014and his prescriptions for the country so bland\u2014that some commentators questioned his capabilities and his grasp of the serious challenges confronting the United States. [PAR] On occasion, though, FDR hinted at the shape of the New Deal to come. FDR told Americans that only by working together could the nation overcome the economic crisis, a sharp contrast to Hoover's paeans to American individualism in the face of the depression. In a speech in San Francisco, FDR outlined the expansive role that the federal government should play in resuscitating the economy, in easing the burden of the suffering, and in insuring that all Americans"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRUMAN'S DECISION TO BUILD THE HYDROGEN BOMB TRUMAN'S DECISION TO BUILD THE HYDROGEN BOMB [PAR] TRUMAN'S DECISION TO BUILD THE HYDROGEN BOMB [PAR] The decision as to whether the U.S. should make a hydrogen bomb, said Harry Truman, is mine and nobody else's. But there were a lot of people looking over his shoulder, and they seemed remarkably in agreement on how he should play his hand: they wanted the H-bomb-built.\"I am very unhappy,\" said Dr. Harold Clayton Urey, the Nobel Prizewinning atomic chemist, \"to conclude that the hydrogen bomb should be developed and built. I do not think we should intentionally lose the armaments race; to do this will be to lose our liberties, and with Patrick Henry, I value my liberties more than I do my life.\"Should the Russians win the race and build the first H-bomb, he added, they might decide that they did not even have to use it. They might say: \" 'We will build these bombs and issue ultimata to the western countries, and the millenium of Communism will be with us immediately...' \" [PAR] Harold Urey, standing before the Roosevelt Day dinner of the Americans for Democratic Action in New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, had a right to be heard. His Nobel Prize had been won in 1934 for the discovery of heavy hydrogen, a basic step toward the development both of the first atomic bomb and any hydrogen bomb that may come. He had predicted the date of the Russian atomic bomb explosion far more accurately than had U.S. military or political leaders. [PAR] \"I personally hope very much,\" he said, \"that the [hydrogen] bombs will not explode . . . However, nature does not behave in the way I should like at times, and so there is no use in engaging in wishful thinking. I think we should assume that the bomb can be built.\" His estimate of the cost of development: $100 million. [PAR] Others joined in, urging the building of the H-bomb: Elder Statesman Bernard Baruch, Republican Senator John Bricker, Eleanor Roosevelt, Senator Tom Connally. [PAR] What, then or who was holding up the President's decision? If there were voices inside the Administration counseling against the H-bomb, they did not make their arguments public. Many a Washington correspondent pointed the finger at retiring Atom Boss David Lilienthal, who last week characterized all such stories about him as \"inaccurate,\" but was careful on security grounds not to say just where he did stand. [PAR] This week the President made his decision. He ordered work on the H-bomb to go ahead. Harry Truman's announcement had in it no sabre-rattling swagger, only the reluctant awareness of a duty that had to be done. He knew that he was authorizing construction of the deadliest weapon ever known to man. [PAR] White House aides on Tuesday afternoon summoned a dozen reporters, handed them this statement from the President: [PAR] \"It is part of my responsibility as commander-in-chief of the armed forces to see to it that our country is able to defend itself against any possible aggressor. [PAR] \"Accordingly, I have directed the Atomic Energy Commission to continue its work on all forms of atomic weapons, including the so-called hydrogen or superbomb. Like all other work in the field of atomic weapons, it is being and will be carried forward on a basis consistent with the over-all objectives of our program for peace and security. [PAR] \"This we shall continue to do until a satisfactory plan for International control of atomic energy is achieved we shall also continue to examine all those factors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Reagan: Life Before the Presidency\u2014Miller Center Ronald Reagan: Life Before the Presidency\u2014Miller Center [PAR] About the Administration [PAR] Ronald Wilson Reagan, the son of Jack and Nelle Reagan, was born in a small apartment above the Pitney General Store on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois, His family, which included older brother Neil, moved to a succession of Illinois towns as his salesman father searched for a well-paying job. In 1920, the Reagans settled in Dixon. [PAR] Jack Reagan was a gregarious man with a grade-school education who made his way as a salesman, usually of shoes. He was a dreamer and also an alcoholic. Years later, Ronald Reagan recalled the searing experiences of being the child of an alcoholic father, including an incident where he dragged a \"passed out\" Jack Reagan into the house from the snow. [PAR] Jack and Nelle were both Democrats; in religion he was a Roman Catholic, and she an active member of the Disciples of Christ. After Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President in 1932, Jack Reagan was rewarded for his Democratic activism by being named the local director of the Works Progress Administration, a federal agency created by Roosevelt to provide work for jobless Americans. Neil Reagan was also employed by the WPA. Ronald Reagan remembered his father as being fiercely opposed to racial and religious intolerance. He refused to allow his children to see the film Birth of a Nation, because it glorified the Ku Klux Klan. Jack Reagan died in 1941. [PAR] Ronald's mother, Nelle Wilson Reagan, nurtured and encouraged her sons. She taught them that alcoholism was a disease and urged them not to blame their father for succumbing to it. She had married Jack Reagan in a Catholic ceremony, and the older son Neil was raised as a Catholic. Both boys believed that Neil took after his father and Ronald more after his mother. Nelle raised Ronald in her church, the Disciples of Christ. She was a relentless do-gooder, visiting prisoners, poorhouse inmates, and hospital patients. She also organized drama recitals\u2014some of which featured her sons\u2014and worked as a salesclerk and seamstress in the 1930s. As an adult, Ronald often reminisced fondly about his mother's compassion and generosity. He moved her to Hollywood after Jack died; she died in 1962. [PAR] Youth and College Years [PAR] As a boy, Reagan's life was filled with scrapes and adventures. He once narrowly escaped death while playing under a train that suddenly began moving. Reagan graduated from Dixon High School in 1928, where he played on the football and basketball teams, became president of the student body, acted in school plays, and wrote for the yearbook. Reagan, an accomplished swimmer since early boyhood, worked six summers as a lifeguard in Lowell Park in Dixon on the treacherous Rock River. According to newspaper reports of the time and later research, he saved 77 people from drowning. [PAR] Reagan enrolled in 1928 at Eureka College in Eureka, Illinois. He majored in economics but was an indifferent student, graduating with a \"C\" average in 1932. At Eureka, he played football and was a member of the college swim team, performed with the drama club, joined the debate club, worked as a reporter on the school newspaper, edited the college yearbook, and served as president of the student council. Admitted to college on a partial football scholarship, Reagan washed dishes at his fraternity house, Tau Kappa Epsilon, and at a girl's dormitory, and worked as a lifeguard and a swimming coach to pay the rest of his college costs and sent money home"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George H. W. Bush | whitehouse.gov George H. W. Bush | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] George H. W. Bush [PAR] George H. W. Bush, as the 41st President (1989-1993), brought to the White House a dedication to traditional American values and a determination to direct them toward making the United States \"a kinder and gentler nation\" in the face of a dramatically changing world. [PAR] George Bush brought to the White House a dedication to traditional American values and a determination to direct them toward making the United States \"a kinder and gentler nation.\" In his Inaugural Address he pledged in \"a moment rich with promise\" to use American strength as \"a force for good.\" [PAR] Coming from a family with a tradition of public service, George Herbert Walker Bush felt the responsibility to make his contribution both in time of war and in peace. Born in Milton, Massachusetts, on June 12, 1924, he became a student leader at Phillips Academy in Andover. On his 18th birthday he enlisted in the armed forces. The youngest pilot in the Navy when he received his wings, he flew 58 combat missions during World War II. On one mission over the Pacific as a torpedo bomber pilot he was shot down by Japanese antiaircraft fire and was rescued from the water by a U. S. submarine. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for bravery in action. [PAR] Bush next turned his energies toward completing his education and raising a family. In January 1945 he married Barbara Pierce. They had six children-- George, Robin (who died as a child), John (known as Jeb), Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy. [PAR] At Yale University he excelled both in sports and in his studies; he was captain of the baseball team and a member of Phi Beta Kappa. After graduation Bush embarked on a career in the oil industry of West Texas. [PAR] Like his father, Prescott Bush, who was elected a Senator from Connecticut in 1952, George became interested in public service and politics. He served two terms as a Representative to Congress from Texas. Twice he ran unsuccessfully for the Senate. Then he was appointed to a series of high-level positions: Ambassador to the United Nations, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, Chief of the U. S. Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. [PAR] In 1980 Bush campaigned for the Republican nomination for President. He lost, but was chosen as a running mate by Ronald Reagan. As Vice President, Bush had responsibility in several domestic areas, including Federal deregulation and anti-drug programs, and visited scores of foreign countries. In 1988 Bush won the Republican nomination for President and, with Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as his running mate, he defeated Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis in the general election. [PAR] Bush faced a dramatically changing world, as the Cold War ended after 40 bitter years, the Communist empire broke up, and the Berlin Wall fell. The Soviet Union ceased to exist; and reformist President Mikhail Gorbachev, whom Bush had supported, resigned. While Bush hailed the march of democracy, he insisted on restraint in U. S. policy toward the group of new nations. [PAR] In other areas of foreign policy, President Bush sent American troops into Panama to overthrow the corrupt regime of General Manuel Noriega, who was threatening the security of the canal and the Americans living there. Noriega was brought to the United States for trial as a drug trafficker. [PAR] Bush's greatest test came when Iraqi President Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reagan and Gorbachev: Warming of a Relationship - latimes Reagan and Gorbachev: Warming of a Relationship - latimes [PAR] Reagan and Gorbachev: Warming of a Relationship [PAR] June 02, 1988 |STANLEY MEISLER | Times Staff Writer [PAR] MOSCOW \u2014 A handclasp and a walk in the woods in Geneva. Frigid stares and tight lips in the blustery cold of Reykjavik. The signing in Washington of a historic treaty on medium-range nuclear weapons. And now in Moscow, a walk through the heart of the \"evil empire.\" [PAR] The moods and images of the four summits of Ronald Reagan and Mikhail S. Gorbachev have differed in ways both subtle and striking. And the pattern tells the tale of the evolving relationship between the two men and the long-antagonistic nations they lead. [PAR] Both leaders proclaimed Wednesday that they have built up trust over four meetings in less than three years. Any doubt about this surely vanished when President Reagan put his arm around Gorbachev in Moscow's Red Square this week and told a group of Russians nearby, \"I'm glad we are standing here together like this.\" [PAR] Unsteady Growth [PAR] But the line of trust has not grown steadily from summit to summit. The mood, in fact, turned so down and dark at the second summit, in Reykjavik, that anyone there could hardly imagine the two men meeting again, let alone embracing each other in genuine warmth less than two years later. [PAR] President Reagan met Gorbachev for the first time on Nov. 19, 1985, the first day of their celebrated summit in Geneva. [PAR] Reagan was 74 years old, a politician who had built his career on rigid, steadfast anti-communism. Four years earlier, in one of his first presidential speeches, he had described the Soviet Union as \"the evil empire\" and had never seemed to change his mind. [PAR] But in his second term as President, he was hoping to fix a place in history for himself by starting a disarmament dialogue with America's most powerful antagonist. [PAR] Gorbachev, then 54, had taken over half a year earlier as leader of the Soviet Union. Not much was known about him. He seemed more sophisticated than previous leaders. He had a shrewd sense of public relations, and he had pledged to transform Soviet society. American Kremlinologists believed he needed a breather in the arms race to salvage his economy. [PAR] The image of that first meeting was etched by a handshake and a walk. Gorbachev, wearing a coat and clutching his hat on a wind-chilled morning, rushed to the portico of a mansion by Lake Geneva to take the outstretched hand of President Reagan. The President smiled and seemed to joke. [PAR] Gorbachev pointed at Reagan, a show of polite wonder at the hardiness of the President standing in the cold without a topcoat. [PAR] Later in the afternoon of the wintry, clouded day, Reagan led Gorbachev in a tranquil walk in the woods by the lake. Their sessions, it was learned later, sometimes bristled with sharpness and bite and produced little, but the cordial handshake and the peaceful walk seemed to tell the world that two very different men had made contact, a start, and that seemed to count for something. [PAR] In Moscow on Wednesday, Gorbachev could not keep from reminding Reagan of one of those images. When photographers called on the two leaders to shake hands for the cameras, Gorbachev told the President: \"This recalls our first handshake in Geneva. The spontaneous handshake. The photographers at that time captured the atmosphere. It was a very interesting photo.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walter Mondale's presidential running mate Geraldine ... Walter Mondale's presidential running mate Geraldine Ferraro dies aged 75 | US news | The Guardian [PAR] US politics [PAR] Walter Mondale's presidential running mate Geraldine Ferraro dies aged 75 [PAR] Geraldine Ferraro leaves the legacy of being the first woman vice-presidential candidate on a major US party campaign [PAR] Geraldine Ferraro campaigning in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1984 Photograph: Associated Press [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] Sunday 27 March 2011 16.57 EDT [PAR] First published on Sunday 27 March 2011 16.57 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Geraldine Ferraro, who became the first woman vice-presidential candidate on a major US party ticket, has died, aged 75. [PAR] Ferraro catapulted to national prominence in 1984 when she was chosen by presidential nominee Walter Mondale to run against incumbents Ronald Reagan and George Bush Sr in 1984. [PAR] In the end, Reagan won 49 of 50 states, the largest landslide since Franklin D Roosevelt's first re-election over Alf Landon in 1936. But Ferraro had forever sealed her place as trailblazer for women in national politics in 1984. [PAR] She paved the way for Hillary Clinton's historic presidential bid in 2008 and Republican John McCain's choice of a once obscure Alaska governor, Sarah Palin, as his running mate. Mondale said she was \"a remarkable woman and a dear human being\". \"She was a pioneer in our country for justice for women and a more open society. She broke a lot of moulds and it's a better country for what she did.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Reagan - Biography - IMDb Ronald Reagan - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 174 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (96) | Personal Quotes (66) | Salary (4) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' 1\" (1.85 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Ronald Reagan is, arguably, the most successful actor in history, having catapulted from a career as a Warner Bros. contract player and television star, into serving as president of the Screen Actors Guild, the governorship of California (1967-1975), and lastly, two terms as President of the United States (1981-1989). [PAR] Ronald Wilson Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois, to Nelle Clyde (Wilson) and John Edward \"Jack\" Reagan, who was a salesman and storyteller. His father was of Irish descent, and his mother was of half Scottish and half English ancestry. [PAR] A successful actor beginning in the 1930s, the young Reagan was a staunch admirer of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (even after he evolved into a Republican), and was a Democrat in the 1940s, a self-described 'hemophilliac' liberal. He was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild in 1947 and served five years during the most tumultuous times to ever hit Hollywood. A committed anti-communist, Reagan not only fought more-militantly activist movie industry unions that he and others felt had been infiltrated by communists, but had to deal with the investigation into Hollywood's politics launched by the House Un-Amercan Activities Committee in 1947, an inquisition that lasted through the 1950s. The House Un-American Activities Committee investigations of Hollywood (which led to the jailing of the \"Hollywood Ten\" in the late '40s) sowed the seeds of the McCarthyism that racked Hollywood and America in the 1950s. [PAR] In 1950, U.S. Representative Helen Gahagan Douglas (D-CA), the wife of \"Dutch\" Reagan's friend Melvyn Douglas , ran as a Democrat for the U.S. Senate and was opposed by the Republican nominee, the Red-bating Congresman from Whittier, Richard Nixon . While Nixon did not go so far as to accuse Gahagan Douglas of being a communist herself, he did charge her with being soft on communism due to her opposition to the House Un-Amercan Activities Committee. Nixon tarred her as a \"fellow traveler\" of communists, a \"pinko\" who was \"pink right down to her underwear.\" Gahagan Douglas was defeated by the man she was the first to call \"Tricky Dicky\" because of his unethical behavior and dirty campaign tactics. Reagan was on the Douglases' side during that campaign. [PAR] The Douglases, like Reagan and such other prominent actors as Humphrey Bogart and Edward G. Robinson , were liberal Democrats, supporters of the late Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal, a legacy that increasingly was under attack by the right after World War II. They were NOT fellow-travelers; Melyvn Douglas had actually been an active anti-communist and was someone the communists despised. Melvyn Douglas, Robinson and Henry Fonda - a registered Republican! - wound up \"gray-listed.\" (They weren't explicitly black-listed, they just weren't offered any work.) Reagan, who it was later revealed had been an F.B.I. informant while a union leader (turning in suspected communists), was never hurt that way, as he made S.A.G. an accomplice of the black-listing. [PAR] Reagan's career sagged after the late 1940s, and he started appearing in B-movies after he left Warners to go free-lance. However, he had a eminence grise par excellence in Lew Wasserman , his agent and the head of the Music Corp. of America. Wasserman, later called \"The Pope of Hollywood,\" was the genius who figured"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cabinet Members Under Reagan - Infoplease Cabinet Members Under Reagan [PAR] Cabinet Members Under Reagan [PAR] Alexander M. Haig, Jr., 1981 [PAR] George P. Shultz, 1982 [PAR] James A. Baker 3rd, 1985 [PAR] Nicholas F. Brady, 1988 [PAR] C. William Verity, Jr., 1987 [PAR] Secretary of Labor [PAR] Secretary of Health and Human Services [PAR] Richard S. Schweiker, 1981 [PAR] Secretary of Housing and Urban Development [PAR] Samuel R. Pierce, Jr., 1981 [PAR] Secretary of Transportation [PAR] Andrew L. Lewis, Jr., 1981 [PAR] Elizabeth H. Dole, 1983 [PAR] James H. Burnley 4th, 1987 [PAR] Secretary of Energy[DOC] [TLE] 1981\u20131988 : The Presidency of Ronald W. Reagan - State Milestones: 1981\u20131988 - Office of the Historian [PAR] Milestones: 1981\u20131988 [PAR] 1981\u20131988: The Presidency of Ronald W. Reagan [PAR] The principal foreign policy framework for the Ronald Reagan administration rejected acquiescence in the Cold War status quo that had emerged during the Nixon, Ford, and Carter presidencies. Reagan objected to the implied moral equivalency of d\u00e9tente, insisting instead on the superiority of representative government, free-market capitalism, and freedom of conscience over what he viewed as godless, collectivist, Communism. This more confrontational approach eventually came to be labeled the \u201cReagan Doctrine,\u201d which advocated opposition to Communist-supported regimes wherever they existed, as well as a willingness to directly challenge the Soviet Union on a variety of fronts. [PAR] Often referred to as \u201cthe great communicator,\u201d Reagan utilized his rhetorical skills to frame the Cold War contest as a fundamental clash between good and evil. In his first inaugural address on January 20, 1981, the new President contrasted the \u201cenemies of freedom\u201d as doomed to fail when faced with the \u201cwill and moral courage of free men and women.\u201d Later that year in an address at Notre Dame University he stated that \u201cthe West won\u2019t contain Communism, it will transcend Communism.\u201d In 1983, he famously characterized the Soviet Union as an \u201cevil empire.\u201d In 1987, standing in front of the Berlin Wall constructed by the East German communist regime a quarter-century earlier to stem the flow of East Germans to the West, Reagan challenged the patron of the East German regime, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, to \u201ctear down this wall.\u201d Reagan\u2019s many memorable public addresses served as an important tool to galvanize support for policies that often sparked considerable controversy. [PAR] Arrival of General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev of the USSR for his first meeting with President Reagan for the Geneva Summit at Fleur D\u2019Eau in Switzerland, November 19, 1985. (Ronald Reagan Presidential Library) [PAR] The Reagan administration advocated a wide array of initiatives that heightened confrontation with the U.S.S.R. and its allies. Reagan engineered a significant increase in U.S. defense spending designed to modernize existing forces and achieve technological advances the Soviet Union could not match. For example, the administration advocated building a much larger navy with enhanced technical capabilities, deployment of intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Europe, development of terrain-hugging cruise missiles difficult both to detect and to shoot down, and the Strategic Defense Initiative, which held out the prospect of seizing the ultimate \u201chigh ground\u201d\u2014outer space\u2014by preventing intercontinental nuclear missile warheads from reaching their targets. During his two terms in office, Reagan successfully advocated increasing the Defense Department budget by 35%. The United States supported Afghan resistance organizations opposing the Soviet-backed regime in Kabul, anti-communist forces in Angola, and the Contras in Nicaragua. In 1983 American forces invaded Grenada to forestall installation of a Marxist regime. The administration also greatly increased spending on the U.S. Information Agency, especially Voice of America and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, signaling the importance placed on challenging"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wilson announces his 14 Points - Jan 08, 1918 - History.com Wilson announces his 14 Points - Jan 08, 1918 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Wilson announces his 14 Points [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Wilson announces his 14 Points [PAR] Author [PAR] Wilson announces his 14 Points [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In an address before a joint meeting of Congress, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson discusses the aims of the United States in World War I and outlines his \u201c14 Points\u201d for achieving a lasting peace in Europe. The peace proposal called for unselfish peace terms from the victorious Allies, the restoration of territories conquered during the war, the right to national self-determination, and the establishment of a postwar world body to resolve future conflict. The speech was translated and distributed to the soldiers and citizens of Germany and Austria-Hungary and contributed significantly to their agreeing to an armistice in November 1918. [PAR] After the war ended, Wilson traveled to France, where he headed the American delegation to the conference at Versailles. Functioning as the moral leader of the Allies, Wilson struggled to orchestrate a just peace, though the other victorious Allies opposed most of his 14 Points. The final treaty called for stiff reparations payments from the former Central Powers and other demanding peace terms that would contribute to the outbreak of World War II two decades later. However, Wilson\u2019s ideas on national self-determination and a postwar world body were embodied in the treaty. In 1920, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Price for his efforts. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nigel Benn: 'Boxing is therapy for rage' | Sport | The ... Nigel Benn: 'Boxing is therapy for rage' | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Sportblog [PAR] Nigel Benn: 'Boxing is therapy for rage' [PAR] The British former world champion hit rock bottom before finding salvation and then redemption at an amateur gym on the other side of the world in Australia [PAR] Former World Champion Nigel Benn in the ring at Blacktown PCYC in Sydney\u2019s western suburbs after a long afternoon of training and teaching. Photograph: Matthew Abbott for the Guardian [PAR] Sportblog [PAR] Nigel Benn: 'Boxing is therapy for rage' [PAR] The British former world champion hit rock bottom before finding salvation and then redemption at an amateur gym on the other side of the world in Australia [PAR] Tuesday 9 June 2015 17.00 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Monday 10 October 2016 21.52 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Boxing regularly throws up stories of courage, persistence, triumph and tragedy, and is a sport that thrives in tough working class areas. In Sydney, the real estate boom has gentrified boxing\u2019s inner-city heartland, moving it to clusters in the distant outer suburbs, and 40 kilometres out west, Blacktown has become the new epicentre of Australian boxing. The Vinegar Hill Boxing Gym sits in the heart of a dusty industrial area, in the roof cavity at the back of a concrete factory wedged between exhaust muffler and scrap metal dealers. It is named after the 1798 Battle of Vinegar Hill \u2013 the last stand of the Irish Rebels against the English and its local namesake, the 1804 Battle of Vinegar Hill when the British Colonial army crushed an Irish convict rebellion nearby. The gym reeks of struggle. [PAR] The posters hanging off the cinder blocks surrounding the ring are old-school \u2013 Thomas Hearns, Mike Tyson, Roberto Duran, Sugar Ray Leonard, Muhammad Ali, Sonny Liston. It is a surreal yet suitable habitat for a boxing blue blood, Nigel Benn, nicknamed the Dark Destroyer and at his peak one of England\u2019s most recognisable sporting heroes. Benn\u2019s record as an amateur boxer was 41-1 before he turned professional in 1987. Over a nine-year career he won two world titles, at middleweight and super middleweight, and finished with a professional career record of 42-5-1 with 35 knockouts. [PAR] Trainer Rod Williams waits patiently on the ropes for Benn\u2019s private training session to start. Williams is a wiry and wise South African who moved to Australia from the tough streets of Johannesburg at the age of 10. A champion coach, he has devoted his life to the fight game and now trains a stable of rookies and elite amateurs including Benn\u2019s son Conor. Benn was so impressed at Williams\u2019s work with his son that he joined the stable himself to keep learning. [PAR] Williams trains champions like Benn, but he also works with novice fighters. \u201cThey are the ones who teach me how to teach,\u201d he says. Since taking on Benn over a year ago, Williams has been shocked at his ability to do new things. \u201cHe could easily have played the old dog you can\u2019t teach new tricks to, but in every single session he\u2019s done everything I\u2019ve asked,\u201d says Williams. \u201cHe has never put the \u2018I\u2019m the Dark Destroyer\u2019 on me. He\u2019s good that way. For a man over 50 his stamina and strength is amazing.\u201d [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Benn working the pads with trainer Rod Williams. Photograph: Matthew Abbott for the Guardian [PAR] Inside the ring, Benn explodes into action. The stereo blares while Williams calls the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ..GUEST.. Jeopardy Template - jeopardylabs.com ..GUEST.. Jeopardy Template [PAR] Which team Won for the last NBA Championship? [PAR] Mavericks [PAR] which movie did the president Obama came out ? [PAR] NONE-_- [PAR] This question word refers to time. [PAR] When [PAR] Which movie star was an Austrian Junior Olympic Weight lifting Champion? [PAR] Arnold Schwarzenegger. [PAR] What character did Leonardo DiCaprio play in the movie Titanic? [PAR] Jack Dawson [PAR] This question word asks about a person [PAR] who[DOC] [TLE] Arnold Schwarzenegger: A Tribute To A Great Champion. Arnold Schwarzenegger: A Tribute To A Great Champion. [PAR] Arnold Schwarzenegger: A Tribute To A Great Champion. [PAR] By David Robson [PAR] Last updated: Nov 04, 2016 [PAR] No other bodybuilder in the history of the sport has made the same impact. Indeed, Arnold Schwarzenegger remains the greatest, and most influential, bodybuilder of all time in the eyes of many. [PAR] No other bodybuilder in the history of the sport has made the same impact. Indeed, Arnold Schwarzenegger remains the greatest, and most influential, bodybuilder of all time in the eyes of many. [PAR] In many ways, Arnold helped to change public attitudes toward a sport regarded as deviant and on the margins of what was acceptable social practice at the time. [PAR] Indeed, prior to the 1970's, the period in which Arnold made his mark as the greatest bodybuilder of all time, bodybuilding and its adherents were together seen as a strange and somewhat insular subculture of social deviants. [PAR] These attitudes still prevail in some sectors, but due in large part to Arnold's popularization of the sport, bodybuilding has become not only accepted as a legitimate sporting choice, but as a way of life for many. [PAR] Appointed chairman of the inner City Games and the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness, in addition to stanch advocate and mover and shaker of the Special Olympics Movement, Arnold has always been a big supporter of sport and active living as life changing pursuits. [PAR] Arnold has also shown that bodybuilders, to belie [ define ] their often narcissistic and insular reputation, can be multi-dimensional, and succeed in all facets of life, while helping others in the process. [PAR] \"2004 Mr. Olympia Contest With Ronnie Coleman.\" [PAR] By 1983, Arnold had achieved the American dream; had become a successful actor, one of the worlds greatest athletes, and a wealthy businessman. Still, he never lost touch with the foundational element of his success: the bodybuilding lifestyle. [PAR] Wherever possible, Arnold would promote bodybuilding and, practicing what he preached, kept himself in great shape - the kind of shape that could be seen in the many films he acted in. [PAR] In 1989, Arnold's dream of promoting his own show came to fruition, and The Arnold Schwarzenegger Classic ( The ASC ) was born. The many great bodybuilders who have competed in the ASC over subsequent years have been granted the opportunity to realize their dreams through the efforts of the man who started it all, a man who will remain the backbone of the sport. [PAR] Arnold has become an icon, a symbol of a cultural movement, one who has defined, and re-defined, what it means to become one of the few - a bodybuilder, proud of ones healthy physique and the concomitant benefits. We at Bodybuilding.com salute Arnold and his contribution to bodybuilding and hope he will continued to be respected as a great bodybuilder, and, more importantly, a great human being. [PAR] LIfe and TImes of the Worlds greatest bodybuilder [PAR] In 1947, in the small Austrian village of Thal,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRIVIA - SPORTS - cecilbuffington.com TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA - SPORTS [PAR] TRIVIA HOME [PAR] ` [PAR] Fun sports trivia questions and answers - Ty Cobb, the Olympics, little league baseball, Boxing, Tennis, Cross Country Bike Racing [PAR] What is the distance between bases on a little league baseball field? [PAR] 60 feet. [PAR] What college once had 22 members of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society on its football team? [PAR] Dartmouth, in 1925. [PAR] What was the first sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics? [PAR] Tennis, at the 1900 games in Paris. Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain was the first gold medalist. [PAR] What sport was the first to be filmed---and who filmed it? [PAR] The sport was boxing; the man who did the filming, Thomas A. Edison; the year, 1894. Edison filmed a boxing match between Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in a studio on the grounds of his laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey. [PAR] How many home runs did baseball great Ty Cobb hit in the three world series in which he played? [PAR] None. [PAR] Sports trivia questions and answers about baseball, football, boxing, the Olympics, NBA, NFL, Deion Sanders... [PAR] \ufffd@ [PAR] What Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher hit a home run in his first major league at-bat--and never hit another? [PAR] New York Giant knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, in 1952. [PAR] What baseball player hit the only home run of his 212-year major league career off his own brother? [PAR] Joe Nickro in 1976. Nickro, a pitcher with the Houston Astros, hit a four-bagger off his brother Phil, who was pitching fro the Atlanta Braves. Houston won the game, 4-3. [PAR] What 1921 sporting event took up all of the first 13 pages of The New York Times --except for a little space on the front page devoted to the formal end of World War I? [PAR] The July 2nd heavyweight championship bout between Jack Dempsey and George Carpenter, the first fight to gross over $1 million in gate receipts. Dempsey won in a fourth-round knockout. [PAR] In the National Football League, how many footballs is the home team required to provide for each game? [PAR] 24--although from 8 to 12 are usually used. [PAR] Brooks Robinson and Carl Yastrzemski hold the major league baseball record for playing the greatest number of seasons with the same team. How many years did they play-- and with what teams? [PAR] 23 years. Third baseman Robinson played with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977; Carl Yastrzemski, outfielder/first baseman, played with the Boston Red Sox from 1961 to 1983. [PAR] Why is the site of a boxing match called a ring when it's square? [PAR] Boxing rings were originally circular. [PAR] In the very first Boston Marathon, 15 runners competed. How many finished? [PAR] 10. [PAR] How long is the average pool cue? [PAR] 57 inches. [PAR] Under the rules outlined in the charter of the International Olympic Committee, how much pure gold must there be in each gold medal awarded to first-place winners? [PAR] At least 6 grams. Silver medals must be at least .925 sterling silver. [PAR] What professional ice hockey star didn't hang up his skates until he was 52? [PAR] Gordie Howe, who played in 1,687 games in the National Hockey League. [PAR] What is the state sport of Alaska? [PAR] Dog-mushing. [PAR] Who was the first athlete to hit a major league home run and make a professional football touchdown in the same week? [PAR] Jim Thorpe, in 1917. He did it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World indoor bowls champion Andy Thomson no fan of clock ... World indoor bowls champion Andy Thomson no fan of clock watch bowls - Sport - Norwich Evening News [PAR] World indoor bowls champion Andy Thomson no fan of clock watch bowls [PAR] 17:42 11 January 2013 [PAR] Andy Thomson prepares for his defence of the world indoor singles title at Potters. Picture: James Bass [PAR] Archant Norfolk Photographic \u00a9 2013 [PAR] Defending world indoor bowls champion Andy Thomson has hit out at the sport\u2019s new \u2018Shot Clock\u2019, which will be in action at the Fred Olsen Cruise Lines World Championships for the first time at Potters Leisure Resort next week. [PAR] Email this article to a friend [PAR] To send a link to this page you must be logged in. [PAR] One major change which Hopton will instantly notice are large digital clocks placed at each end of the famous blue rink. [PAR] They will come into use for the world singles, which Thomson won for the third time last year, when it gets under way on Monday, clicking down from 30 seconds as soon as a wood comes to rest. If the next wood is not bowled when the 30 seconds is up, a loud horn will sound and that delivery will be deemed to be dead. [PAR] World Bowls Tour chief Richard Maddieson insists the idea was a success when pioneered at the Scottish Open in November, the added tension making the game more exciting for spectators and \u2013 more importantly \u2013 TV audiences. But Thomson, who was made an MBE in the New Year\u2019s Honours list for services to sport, believes it is a bad move \u2013 and has data to back up his case. [PAR] \u201cI don\u2019t like it at all,\u201d he said. \u201cI personally don\u2019t think it\u2019s a good innovation to the sport. [PAR] \u201cI feel I\u2019m speeding my game up and I\u2019m not by any means a slow player. I\u2019ve had a look at my tapes from last year and it was taking me on average 26 seconds to go down to the other end, quickly look at the head and get on to the mat and play my bowl. So that gives me a four second gap. [PAR] \u201cBasically now, when my opponent\u2019s bowl comes to rest, I can only quickly look at it. Normally we are giving ourselves a quick check of the angles we need to play etc, but we just don\u2019t have time to do that now. I just feel it\u2019s rushing the game a little bit.\u201d [PAR] Thomson feels the game clock becomes a particular issue for the decisive final bowls of each end \u2013 and also when the tournament gets towards its climax with the pressures of a world title and potential \u00a345,000 winner\u2019s cheque at stake. [PAR] \u201cI had a look at the tape of last year\u2019s final against Jason Greenslade and for that the majority of last bowls were way beyond 30 seconds,\u201d said the man who bridged a 17-year gap to claim his third title at the age of 56. [PAR] \u201cWhen it\u2019s a big shot, in a final with a lot on the line, you want a chance to think things through and compose yourself \u2013 and unfortunately you won\u2019t have that. [PAR] \u201cAs a professional sportsman you\u2019ve got to be able to adapt to any conditions and I will. But I don\u2019t like it.\u201d [PAR] Maddieson, however, says the feedback from fans has been almost wholly positive. [PAR] \u201cA lot of people thought I brought it in to speed the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1995 British Open: John Daly Does It Again 1995 British Open: John Daly Does It Again [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] John Daly won his second major championship on The Old Course at St. Andrews , proving that he possessed a delicate touch in his short game to negotiate the huge greens and run-ups of the historic links . [PAR] This British Open was also one of significant comings and goings: The 1995 British Open was the first played by Tiger Woods , and the last played by Arnold Palmer . Woods,still an amateur, made the cut, but finished well back, shooting 74-71-72-78--295. Palmer missed the cut with rounds of 83 and 75, but at least the man who revitalized this championship in the early 1960s got to have his farewell at St. Andrews. [PAR] Two veterans, Ben Crenshaw and Tom Watson , opened strong before fading, sharing the first-round lead with Daly and Mark McNulty at 67. Daly shared the second-round lead with Brad Faxon and Katsuyoshi Tomori, with Constantino Rocca a stroke behind. Daly had a 73 in the third round and fell four strokes off the pace set by Michael Campbell, with Rocca in second two behind Campbell. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Throw a Perfect Curve Ball in Baseball [PAR] But Campbell struggled to a final-round 76, leaving Daly and Rocca to battle over the final round. It looked like Daly had the tournament wrapped up when Rocca, who needed a birdie to tie, flubbed a pitch shot on the final hole, leaving the ball in the dreaded Valley of Sin on The Old Course's No. 18. But Rocca then proceeded to roll in the most unlikely birdie putt, up and over and down a swale and through the valley, some 65-feet worth of snaking, undulating putt. [PAR] Rocca and Daly went into a four-hole playoff, where Daly quickly seized control. Rocca's chances were completly sunk when he hit into the Road Hole bunker on No. 17 and took three tries to get out. And John Daly was the 1995 British Open winner. [PAR] 1995 British Open Scores [PAR] Results and prize money from the 1995 British Open, played at The Old Course at St. Andrews in St. Andrews, Scotland (a-amateur; p-won playoff): [PAR] p-John Daly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] tennis.com - Martina's Moment Martina's Moment | TENNIS.com [PAR] Martina's Moment [PAR] by: Steve Tignor April 29, 2013 [PAR] The biggest story in sports today is Jason Collins's: The NBA veteran, in an article for Sports Illustrated, became the first male athlete in a major professional team sport in the U.S. to declare publicly that he's gay. It's a big deal, and something that many of us have been waiting for. But \"male athlete in a major professional team sport\" is also a pretty big qualifier. This year we've already had a female athlete in a major team sport, Baylor basketball star Brittney Griner, come out. And it has been more than three decades since tennis's Martina Navratilova did the same, in 1981. [PAR] The post below was originally meant to be Chapter 19 (of 20) of my book, High Strung , which revolves around the 1981 U.S. Open. The chapter tells the story of Navratilova at that tournament, which turned out to be a crossroads moment in her life. She had become a U.S. citizen that summer, and around the same time had, with some trepidation, made her sexuality public. Navratilova played the Open as an American for the first time, and for the first time was accepted as one. The tournament ended in defeat and tears for her that year, but in many ways it was the start of her great, career-transforming run through the 1980s. The clip above is from Martina's breakthrough win at the event, a three-set semifinal win over Chris Evert. It was a sign of things to come. [PAR] ***** [PAR] \u201cGo back to Russia!\u201d\u2014advice screamed in the direction of Martina Navratilova (formerly of Czechoslovakia) by an upper-deck U.S. Open heckler in 1981 [PAR] \u201cI don\u2019t think I would take a vacation at Flushing Meadows,\u201d Martina Navratilova told the press at the U.S. Open with a laugh. 1981 had been a year of change and tumult for the newly minted American citizen, but she was in a good mood at the moment. She had just beaten her longtime rival Chris Evert, the tournament\u2019s top seed and the world\u2019s No. 1 player, in a classic three-set semifinal. Now Navratilova would get a chance to play her first U.S. Open final, in front of 18,000 of her adopted countrymen. [PAR] But as Navratilova intimated in her press conference, Louis Armstrong Stadium hadn\u2019t been a pleasant place for her or her opponent that afternoon. In the middle of the third set, a raffish, tipsy crew of \u201cknown scalpers and gamblers\u201d in Row Q of the upper deck began to get rowdy. They were drinking, they were screaming, they were cursing, they were brawling with security guards. They were so annoying to the spectators and disruptive to the players that play had to be halted to shut them up. One of them, an Englishman named Philip Greenwood, began to taunt Navratilova obscenely. She answered him with a yell: \u201cGo have another beer and shut up during the points!\u201d [PAR] Finally an all-out chase scene began. Police, security guards, and even ushers tore across the bleachers, as everyone else in the stadium, including Evert and Navratilova, stopped to watch. It ended when an usher and St. John\u2019s student by the name of Ron Calamari took a flying leap and took one of the rowdies down. When play ensued, it was, to the surprise of most tennis observers, the high-strung Navratilova who recovered her concentration more quickly than the eternally even-keel Evert. Navratilova came back from 2-4 down in the third set to win 6-4. \u201cThat scuffle in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Things You May Not Know About Babe Didrikson Zaharias 10 Things You May Not Know About Babe Didrikson Zaharias - History in the Headlines [PAR] 10 Things You May Not Know About Babe Didrikson Zaharias [PAR] June 24, 2016 By Evan Andrews [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 10 Things You May Not Know About Babe Didrikson Zaharias [PAR] Author [PAR] 10 Things You May Not Know About Babe Didrikson Zaharias [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] Mildred Didrikson Zaharias\u2014better known by the nickname \u201cBabe\u201d\u2014was born on June 26, 1911, in Port Arthur, Texas. A gifted athlete from a young age, she became one of history\u2019s first female sports stars by mastering everything from basketball and track and field to softball, tennis and even bowling. She also broke records as a golfer, winning an unprecedented 82 amateur and professional tournaments before her untimely death at age 45. Explore 10 fascinating facts about the multi-sport titan that the Associated Press once named the \u201cWoman Athlete of the Half Century.\u201d [PAR] 1. She dropped out of high school to become an athlete. [PAR] Babe Didrikson Zaharias wearing training clothes. (Credit: New York Times Co./Getty Images) [PAR] Didrikson was born into a Norwegian immigrant family on the Gulf Coast of Texas, and earned the nickname \u201cBabe\u201d after her mother\u2019s habit of calling her \u201cMin Bebe.\u201d After spending her youth beating the neighborhood boys in pickup sports games, she became a standout performer on her high school\u2019s basketball, baseball, volleyball, tennis, golf and swimming teams. At age 18, her skills caught the eye of the Employers Casualty Insurance Company, which convinced her to quit school and play for its women\u2019s basketball team in the Amateur Athletic Union. It wasn\u2019t long before the brash and boastful Babe had staked a claim as the league\u2019s top forward. She led her team in scoring during her debut game, and was selected as an all-American for three straight years from 1930 to 1932. [PAR] 2. Didrikson won a team track meet singlehandedly. [PAR] Babe Zaharias, born Mildred Ella Didriksen, demonstrates her hurdling technique. (Credit: Three Lions/Getty Images) [PAR] Didrikson\u2019s first taste of national celebrity came in 1932, when she took part in the U.S. women\u2019s track and field championships as the lone member of the Employers Casualty team. While the other teams each fielded a dozen or more athletes, Babe singlehandedly competed in eight events ranging from the hurdles and the broad jump to the shot put and the discus throw, often finishing one heat and then immediately rushing to the starting line of another. Despite the obvious disadvantages of being a \u201cone-girl track team,\u201d she won five events and amassed enough points to claim the championship. Journalists hailed the victory as one of the greatest accomplishments in amateur sports history. \u201cImplausible is the adjective that best befits the Babe,\u201d wrote the New York Times. \u201cAs far as sports are concerned, she had the golden touch of Midas.\u201d [PAR] 3. She set multiple records at the Olympics. [PAR] Mildred Babe Didrikson of the USA throws the javelin to win the gold medal during the Women\u2019s Track and Field javelin event at the 1932 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California. (Credit: Getty Images) [PAR] Following her breakthrough at the track and field nationals, Didrikson participated in the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics in three events: the javelin, the 80-meter hurdles and the high jump. She easily took gold in the javelin with an Olympic record throw of 143 feet, four inches, and set a new world record in the hurdles by crossing the finish line in just 11.7 seconds."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ESPN.com: King Carl had long, golden reign ESPN.com: King Carl had long, golden reign [PAR] King Carl had long, golden reign [PAR] By Larry Schwartz [PAR] Special to ESPN.com [PAR] Carl Lewis has always amazed us. By distinguishing himself in two seemingly simple actions -- jumping and running -- for the longest time, he became unlike any competitor. With his unsurpassed talent in the long jump and his speed in the sprints, he has gone places where no other track and field athlete has ever visited. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Carl Lewis capped his remarkable Olympics career by winning gold in the long jump at Atlanta in 1996. [PAR] He didn't lose in the long jump for a decade, winning 65 consecutive competitions. He won four gold medals at the 1984 Olympics, equaling the 1936 accomplishment of his hero, Jesse Owens. He sped to a world record in the 100 meters. And then, when it appeared to be time for him to leave the jumping to younger athletes, he fooled us. [PAR] \"You try to give a man a gold watch, and he steals your gold medal instead. You ask him to pass the torch, and he sets your Olympics on fire,\" Sports Illustrated's Rick Reilly wrote about Lewis, at the age of 35, winning his fourth consecutive Olympic long jump in 1996. [PAR] That unexpected and stunning victory gave Lewis his ninth Olympic gold medal, tying him for the largest gold collection with U.S. swimmer Mark Spitz, Finnish long-distance runner Paavo Nurmi and Soviet gymnast Larysa Latynina. [PAR] Yet, through all his triumphs, Lewis never came to be embraced by the country. He never became his sport's ambassador, his sport's Magic Johnson. He came across as haughty and arrogant, cold and calculating, aloof and abrasive. We like our heroes to display at least a minimum of modesty (see Michael Jordan), though it is not necessary to have the unpretentiousness of a Lou Gehrig. [PAR] The quest for perfection in most athletes is seen as a positive. In Lewis, it came across as a negative. \"He rubs it in too much,\" said Edwin Moses, two-time Olympic gold medalist in the 400 hurdles. \"A little humility is in order. That's what Carl lacks.\" [PAR] That lack of humility never made up for Lewis being handsome and articulate, of having stayed clean in a dirty sport, of being a crusader against steroid use. Lewis, like Frank Sinatra, did it his way. But unlike Sinatra, he didn't have the charm to go with the talent. [PAR] ZONE POLL [PAR] [PAR] \"Lewis' liberating cool liberates him, not necessarily us,\" wrote Sports Illustrated's Kenny Moore. \"We might understand him best as forged by the 100, holding on to his solitude until the pack falls away.\" [PAR] Frederick Carlton Lewis was born July 1, 1961, in Birmingham, Ala., and raised in Willingboro, N.J., a suburban, middle-class, racially mixed environment. Bill and Evelyn Lewis raised Carl and his three siblings with the premise that they didn't have to bend to authority just because it's authority. \"We don't like outside influence,\" said Carl's older brother Cleve, \"and we don't like control.\" [PAR] Carl was seven when Bob Beamon set the remarkable record - 29 feet, 2\u00bd inches at the 1968 Olympics -- that would possess Lewis for his career. He competed in track on the town club his parents coached. When he was 10, he and a cousin had their picture taken with Owens, who advised him to have fun. [PAR] Small for his age (his younger sister Carol called him \"Shorty\") and shy, Lewis sprouted so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TENNIS - Navratilova Captures Ninth Singles Title ... TENNIS - Navratilova Captures Ninth Singles Title - NYTimes.com [PAR] TENNIS; Navratilova Captures Ninth Singles Title [PAR] By ROBIN FINN, Special to The New York Times [PAR] Published: July 8, 1990 [PAR] WIMBLEDON, England, July 7\u2014 She straddled the net to acknowledge a badly beaten opponent and then, her courtside courtesies complete, Martina Navratilova sank down on her sore, old knees for an instant of silent communion with the tennis court she loves best. [PAR] Navratilova is 33 years old and has been transfixed for the last three of them by a compulsion to make history at Wimbledon by winning a record ninth singles championship. She achieved the object of her obsession on Center Court today by beating Zina Garrison in straight sets. [PAR] ''There were no glitches this time; everything came up nines,'' said Navratilova, who had been defeated by Steffi Graf in the finals for the last two years and began plotting the surest path toward this 1990 final the day after she lost in 1989. With the victory, she improved her career singles record here to 99-9. [PAR] Navratilova's cause received some unanticipated assistance from Garrison, who played the first Grand Slam final of her career today, when Garrison knocked Graf from the tournament in the semifinal round. Navratilova showed her gratitude, though, by dismissing Garrison in two virtually trouble-free sets. [PAR] Stylish and Wise Play [PAR] ''It would have been more fitting to play Steffi, but at the same time, obviously Zina earned her place there,'' said Navratilova, who has competed here for 18 years. ''The event overtakes the person you end up beating.'' [PAR] Determined not to be overwhelmed by the occasion until she had succeeded in making it the occasion she wanted to remember, Navratilova played more stylishly and wisely than Garrison in defeating the 26-year-old Texan, 6-4, 6-1, in their 75-minute final. Navratilova's record against Garrison improved to 28-1 with the victory that brought her an 18th Grand Slam singles title and earned her a $354,674 top prize. [PAR] ''She was a step ahead of me the whole time,'' said Garrison, significant flattery from the woman generally considered to be the nimblest player in women's tennis. Garrison also noticed that Navratilova, despite the momentous situation, was far from nervous. [PAR] Garrison said, ''I think if you play somebody and beat them 28 times and they've only beaten you once, I know I'm more relaxed when I play players I've beaten a lot.'' [PAR] Garrison admitted that the prospect of appearing on Center Court for her first Grand Slam final against a woman who had already been successful there in 8 of her 10 visits was a daunting one. She said she was not distracted by the presence of Althea Gibson, a two-time Wimbledon champion and the only other black woman to appear in a Wimbledon final, who appeared in the Royal Box in the same tracksuit she had worn to Garrison's morning practice. [PAR] ''I was really happy Althea was here, but it didn't affect me in any way,'' said Garrison, who thought she played too feebly to worry Navratilova. ''My returning serve wasn't working as well as I would have liked, and you know, she was the most aggressive. She went out and she went for it; I think I was a tad too laid back. With a player like Martina, who's aggressive, your adrenaline needs to be a little bit high.'' [PAR] Garrison said there was never a doubt in her mind that it would require a monumental performance to detour"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home | 2016 Kentucky Derby & Oaks | May 6 and 7, 2016 ... Home | 2017 Kentucky Derby & Oaks | May 5 and 6, 2017 | Tickets, Events, News [PAR] \u00a9 2017 Churchill Downs Incorporated . All Rights Reserved. [PAR] Churchill Downs, Kentucky Derby, Kentucky Oaks, the \u201ctwin spires design\u201d, and Churchill Downs Incorporated related trademarks are registered trademarks of Churchill Downs Incorporated.[DOC] [TLE] Where Does the Kentucky Derby Take Place? | Mic Where Does the Kentucky Derby Take Place? | Mic [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Mic Network Inc. All rights reserved. [PAR] One World Trade Center, 285 Fulton Street 83rd Floor, Suite G, New York, NY 10007 [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Mic Network Inc. All rights reserved. [PAR] Where Does the Kentucky Derby Take Place? [PAR] PIN [PAR] The state where the Kentucky Derby takes place may be in the name but the exact location of it is less well known. Churchill Downs may not be a household name like Daytona, Yankees Stadium, Wrigley Field, or Fenway but it is a proud track that has a storied history. [PAR] Churchill Downs is located in Louisville, Kentucky. Opened in 1875, it held the first Kentucky Derby ever and has hosted the event for all of its 139-year history. It was initially opened to fill a hole left by the closing of two nearby horse racing tracks. The famous twin spire grandstand was built 20 years later in 1895. Also started in 1895 was the tradition of giving the winner of the Kentucky Derby a garland of roses."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Olympians - geni family tree Famous Olympians [PAR] Famous Olympians [PAR] Olympians \u2027 since 1850 \u2027 Birthday-Anniversaries [PAR] Top Surnames [PAR] This project is a place to list famous and \"historic\" Olympians and perhaps connect them to Geni profiles. [PAR] Youngest Olympic Champions in History [PAR] The youngest athlete to participate at the Modern Olympics was Dimitrios Loundras of Greece who was 10 years, 216 days old when he competed in men's team parallel bars gymnastics at the 1896 Games in Athens. [PAR] Inge S\u00f8rensen of Denmark was 12 yrs, 24 days old when she won a bronze medal in the 200m Breaststroke in 1936. [PAR] The youngest athlete to win a gold Marjorie Gestring of the United States who was 13 years, 267 days old when she won the women's springboard diving event at the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin. [PAR] Barbara Pearl Jones won gold at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. At 15 years old, she is still the youngest track and field gold medalist in history. [PAR] Marjorie Gestring won gold for the United States diving team in the 1936 Berlin Games when she was only 13 years old. Due to the war, she was unable to defend her title. [PAR] Nadia Elena Comaneci was the first gymnast to get a perfect score at the Olympics, she was also the youngest to win the all-around title at only 14 years old during the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. [PAR] Bob Mathias was able to overcome his inexperience to win the Decathlon at the 1948 London Games easily at just 17-years old, and without knowing many of the rules of the event. [PAR] Eleanor Simmonds is the youngest Paralympic Champion, winning gold in the 100 and 400-meters swimming competition for England at only 13 years old. Simmonds continues to train in her hometown of Swansea. [PAR] Fu Minxia Olympic diver - winning a gold medal award while in her teens. She won gold in Barcelona 1992 at just 14 years old. [PAR] The youngest runner to win the Olympic marathon, as well as the four major marathons, Sammy Wanjiru was only 22 years old when he won in Beijing 2008. He died two years later in an apparent suicide. [PAR] Tara Lipinksi, figure skater, won the gold medal at the 1998 Winter Games when she was only 15 years old. She is still the youngest gold medalist in the Winter Olympic Game history. [PAR] Henry Cejudo the youngest ever American wrestling champion (21) at the Beijing 2008 Olympics. He is expected to defend his title in 2012 despite a short lived retirement. [PAR] Dmitry Nelyubin is the youngest cycler to ever win a gold medal at 17 in Seoul 1988. Unfortunately, Nelybuin would be killed in a street fight in 2005. His attackers were charged with murder. [PAR] Oldest Olympic Champions in History [PAR] Oscar Swahn won a gold medal for shooting at the 1912 Olympics, when he was 64 years and 280 days old. At the time of his win, Swahn was 9 months older than Galen Spencer had been when he won his gold medal in 1904. [PAR] The oldest ever Olympian is Oscar Swahn of Sweden. He was 72 years, 281 days old when he competed at the 1920 Olympics in shooting. He also qualified for the 1924 Olympics but withdrew without competing. [PAR] Arthur von Pongracz of Austria competed at age 72 in Dressage in 1936, becoming one of the oldest ever competitors at the Olympics. He was born June 25, 1864 and competed on August 12-13, 1936, - 72 years and 49"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] India and World Cup Hockey - Indianetzone India and World Cup Hockey [PAR] Home > Sports > Indian Hockey > Hockey in India > India and World Cup Hockey [PAR] India and World Cup Hockey [PAR] Hockey World Cup better known as Hockey World Championship is a most popular international field hockey competition organized by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). 2014 Hockey World Cup is hosted in Netherlands. Next world Cup will be in 2018, which will be in India. [PAR] Subscribe to Free E-Magazine on Sports [PAR] [PAR] Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organized by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). The tournament commenced in the year 1971. It is also known as the Hockey World Championships. [PAR] Hockey World Cup is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics. Five countries have dominated the event's history. Pakistan is the most successful team, having won the tournament four times. The Netherlands have won three titles, and Germany and Australia have each won two titles. India won the tournament once. [PAR] There is also a Women's Hockey World Cup, which has been held since 1974 and was organized by the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations (IFWHA) until 1981, when the governing bodies merged into the current International Hockey Federation in 1982. [PAR] The 2010 Hockey World Cup was held in India from February 28 to March 13 at New Delhi 's Dhyan Chand National Stadium. Australia defeated Germany in 2-1 in the final, to win their second World Cup title. And in the 2014, the Hockey World Cup is hosted in Netherlands, with the name \"Rabobank Hockey World Cup The Hague 2014\". Next World Cup Hockey will be in India. [PAR] History of Hockey World Cup [PAR] The Hockey World Cup was first conceived by Pakistan's Air Marshal Nur Khan. He proposed his idea to the FIH under the name of Patrick Rowley, the first editor of World Hockey magazine. Their idea was approved on October 26, 1969, and adopted by the FIH Council at a meeting in Brussels on April 12, 1970. The FIH decided that the inaugural World Cup would be held in October 1971, in Pakistan. However, political issues would prevent that first competition from being played in Pakistan. Pakistan and India had been at war with each other only six years earlier. When Pakistan invited India to compete in the tournament, a crisis arose. Pakistanis, led by cricketer Abdul Hafeez Kardar, protested against India's participation in the Hockey World Cup. Given the intense political climate between Pakistan and India, the FIH decided to move the tournament elsewhere. In March 1971, the FIH decided to move the first Hockey World Cup to the Real Club de Polo grounds in Barcelona, Spain, which was considered a neutral and peaceful European site. [PAR] The FIH has set no requirements or limitations on the size of the competition. The 1971 Cup included only ten nations, the smallest World Cup to date. The 1978 Cup featured fourteen nations. The 2002 Cup featured sixteen nations, the largest World Cup to date. The remaining 9 World Cups have featured 12 nations. The first three tournaments were held every two years. The 1978 Cup was the only tournament held three years from the previous tournament. Since 1982, the tournament has been held every four years, halfway between the Summer Olympics field hockey competition. The 2006 Hockey World Cup was held at the Warsteiner Hockey Park, Germany from September 6 to September 17. Germany won for the second time, defeating Australia 4-3 in the final."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of winners of Wimbledon men's singles | Reuters List of winners of Wimbledon men's singles | Reuters [PAR] Fri Jun 20, 2008 | 7:21 AM BST [PAR] List of winners of Wimbledon men's singles [PAR] In this file photo Switzerland's Roger Federer holds the trophy after winning his men's final match against Spain's Rafael Nadal at the Wimbledon tennis championships in London, July 8, 2007. [PAR] Reuters/Alex Livesey/Pool [PAR] List of Wimbledon men's singles champions since 1922: [PAR] 2007 Roger Federer (Switzerland) beat Rafael Nadal (Spain) 7-6(7) 4-6 7-6(3) 2-6 6-2 [PAR] 2006 Federer beat Nadal 6-0 7-6(5) 6-7(2) 6-3 [PAR] 2005 Federer beat Andy Roddick (United States) 6-2 7-6(2) 6-4 [PAR] 2004 Federer beat Roddick 4-6 7-5 7-6(3) 6-4 [PAR] 2003 Federer beat Mark Philippousis (Australia) 7-6(5) 6-2 7-6(3) [PAR] 2002 Lleyton Hewitt (Australia) beat David Nalbandian (Argentina) 6-1 6-3 6-2 [PAR] 2001 Goran Ivanisevic (Croatia) Pat Rafter (Australia) 6-3 3-6 6-3 2-6 9-7 [PAR] 2000 Pete Sampras (United States) beat Rafter 6-7(10) 7-6(5) 6-4 6-2 [PAR] 1999 Sampras beat Andre Agassi (United States) 6-3 6-4 7-5 [PAR] 1998 Sampras beat Ivanisevic 6-7(2) 7-6(9) 6-4 3-6 6-2 [PAR] 1997 Sampras beat Cedric Pioline (France) 6-4 6-2 6-4 [PAR] 1996 Richard Krajicek (Netherlands) beat Mal Washington (United States) 6-3 6-4 6-3 [PAR] 1995 Sampras beat Boris Becker (Germany) 6-7(5) 6-2 6-4 6-2 [PAR] 1994 Sampras beat Ivanisevic 7-6(2) 7-6(5) 6-0 [PAR] 1993 Sampras beat Jim Courier (United States) 7-6(3) 7-6(6) 3-6 6-3 [PAR] 1992 Agassi beat Ivanisevic 6-7(8) 6-4 6-4 1-6 6-4 [PAR] 1991 Michael Stich (Germany) beat Becker 6-4 7-6(4) 6-4 [PAR] 1990 Stefan Edberg (Sweden) beat Becker 6-2 6-2 3-6 3-6 6-4 [PAR] 1989 Becker beat Edberg 6-0 7-6(1) 6-4 [PAR] 1988 Edberg beat Becker 4-6 7-6(2) 6-4 6-2 [PAR] 1987 Pat Cash (Australia) beat Ivan Lendl (Czechoslovakia) 7-6(5) 6-2 7-5 [PAR] 1986 Becker beat Lendl 6-4 6-3 7-5 [PAR] 1985 Becker beat Kevin Curren (United States) 6-3 6-7(4) 7-6(3) 6-4 [PAR] 1984 John McEnroe (United States) beat Jimmy Connors (United States) 6-1 6-1 6-2 [PAR] 1983 McEnroe beat Chris Lewis (New Zealand) 6-2 6-2 6-2 [PAR] 1982 Connors beat McEnroe 3-6, 6-3, 6-7(2), 7-6(5), 6-4 [PAR] 1981 McEnroe beat Bjorn Borg (Sweden) 4-6 7-6(1) 7-6(4) 6-4 [PAR] 1980 Borg beat McEnroe 1-6 7-5 6-3 6-7(16) 8-6 [PAR] 1979 Borg beat Roscoe Tanner (United States) 6-7(4) 6-1 3-6 6-3 6-4 [PAR] 1978 Borg beat Connors 6-2 6-2 6-3 [PAR] 1977 Borg beat Connors 3-6 6-2 6-1 5-7 6-4 [PAR] 1976 Borg beat Ilie Nastase (Romania) 6-4 6-2 9-7 [PAR] 1975 Arthur Ashe (United States) beat Connors 6-1 6-1 5-7 6-4 [PAR] 1974 Connors beat Ken Rosewall (Australia) 6-1 6-1 6-4 [PAR] 1973 Jan Kodes (Czechoslovakia) beat Alex Metreveli (Soviet Union) 6-1 9-8 (7-5) 6-3 [PAR] 1972 Stan Smith (United States) beat Nastase 4-6 6-3 6-3 4-6 7-5 [PAR] 1971 John Newcombe (Australia) beat Stan Smith (United States) 6-3 5-7 2-6 6-4 6-4 [PAR] 1970 Newcombe beat Rosewall 5-7 6-3 6-2 3-6 6-1 [PAR] 1969 Rod Laver (Australia) beat Newcombe 6-4 5-7 6-4 6-4 [PAR] 1968 Laver beat Tony Roche (Australia) 6-3 6-4 6-2 [PAR] 1967 Newcombe beat Wilhelm Bungert (Germany) 6-3 6-1 6-1 [PAR] 1966 Manuel Santana (Spain) beat Dennis Ralston (United States) 6-4 11-9 6-4 [PAR] 1965 Roy Emerson (Australia) beat Fred Stolle (Australia) 6-2 6-4 6-4 [PAR] 1964 Emerson beat Stolle 6-4 12-10 4-6 6-3 [PAR] 1963 Chuck McKinley (United States) beat Stolle 9-7 6-1 6-4 [PAR] 1962 Laver beat Marty Mulligan (Australia) 6-2 6-2 6-1 [PAR] 1961 Laver beat McKinley 6-3 6-1 6-4 [PAR] 1960 Neale Fraser (Australia) beat Laver 6-4 3-6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US Open Championship History - Golf Odds | Leaderboard US Open Golf | US Open History| US Open Past Winners| US Open Courses [PAR] History [PAR] US Open Championship History [PAR] The first ever US Open took place in 1895 and was played at the nine-hole Newport Golf and Country club in Rhode Island, USA. It was played over 36 holes with only 11 players taking part. The eventual winner was an Englishman named Horace Rawlins who scored a total of 173. For the next three years the US Open maintained the same format of four rounds around a nine-hole golf course before moving to four rounds around an 18-hole course in 1898, the format that is maintained still today. [PAR] Despite very modest beginnings the US Open really began to capture the interest of the American people during the early part of the 20th century. The US Open Championship had been dominated by professional golfers from England and Scotland playing amongst American amateurs. This was until an American amateur named John McDermott won the Championship back-to-back in 1911 and 1912. These victories kick started an American dominance, which has been maintained ever since, with home born players winning 84 US Open Championships since 1911. [PAR] The US Open was first opened up to spectators in 1922 at the Skokie Country Club (Illinois) but it was the preceding years that would really spark interest from the general public. Between 1923 and 1930 the US amateur Bob Jones won the US Open Championship four times, and as his style of play began to impress fans the profile of the competition increased. [PAR] The US Open is now firmly established as one of the best known golf championships in the world and has been one of the four majors since the inception of professional golf during the 1950s. Over the years some of the best known names in the history of golf have had their name inscribed on the US Open trophy. [PAR] Famous US Open Winners [PAR] Jack Nicklaus, probably the most famous golfer of them all, won the US Open a joint record four times during a career which saw him play in 44 consecutive Championships between 1957 and 2000. Nicklaus was very unlucky not to make it five victories in the US Open when he lost out to Lee Trevino in the 1971 Championship. [PAR] Other US Open players who have won the Championship four times include Willie Anderson, Bob Jones and Ben Hogan. Tiger Woods will be attempting to join this illustrious list of great players in 2011 as he bids for his 15th Major. The Tiger of old resurfaced in the final few rounds at the Masters and he'll be aiming to take his new found form to the Congressional County Club on June 16th. [PAR] In more recent memory, Hale Irwin won the Championship a total of three times between 1974 and 1990 and on his final victory become the oldest ever US Open champion at the age of 45. [PAR] The South African Ernie Els threatened to dominate the title when winning it in 1994 and 1997 but has since failed to make an impact. The Big Easy can never be ruled out and it would be no surprise to see him come back to Major form at the 2013 US Open. [PAR] Free Bets & Betting Offers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1985 PGA Championship Tournament Summary and Scores 1985 PGA Championship Tournament Summary and Scores [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] Updated August 07, 2015. [PAR] Hubert Green won the 1985 PGA Championship , overtaking 36-hole leader Lee Trevino in the third round when Trevino shot 75 to Green's 70. That gave Green a 3-stroke lead beginning the final round. [PAR] Trevino made a move early with an eagle on the fifth hole, and took a 1-shot lead. But over the remainder of his round Trevino had six bogeys . Although Trevino and Green were still tied after 14 holes, Trevino then bogied the 15th and 17th holes. [PAR] Green wound up shooting a solid 72 in Round 4, which was good enough to win by two strokes over Trevino. [PAR] The win was Green's second major championship victory, after the 1977 U.S. Open . And it was also the last of Green's 19 PGA Tour titles. [PAR] The 1985 PGA Championship was the last one played by Gary Player . [PAR] 1985 PGA Championship Scores [PAR] Results from the 1985 PGA Championship golf tournament played at the par-72 Cherry Hills Country Club in Cherry Hills Village, Colorado: [PAR] Hubert Green"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Evolution of the Breeders' Cup - ESPN.com Evolution of the Breeders' Cup [PAR] 21dMatt Hegarty | Daily Racing Form [PAR] Evolution of the Breeders' Cup [PAR] \u2022 Paul Moran is a two-time winner of the Media Eclipse Award among several other industry honors. He also has been given the Red Smith Award for his coverage of the Kentucky Derby. [PAR] \u2022 You can email him at pmoran1686@aol.com [PAR] comment [PAR] There was no shortage of stars, from Kelso and beyond to Secretariat, Forego, Spectacular Bid and John Henry. Racing may have given up its place on the front burner of American sport as the NFL, driven by ingenious marketing and, the NBA gained market share alongside Major League Baseball. [PAR] But, even though the milk-and-honey era that was racing in the '70s saw three winners of the Triple Crown, the sport flagged, began to fray at the edges, yield to shadows cast by the soaring NFL. Change was heavy with an ill wind that still blows cold. [PAR] Television was -- and remains -- the most valuable of marketing tools, but they reasoned that exposure of racing on television would keep patrons away from the racetrack. [PAR] It was an entirely different sporting world in the early '80s with a playing field level at first but landscaped by insight, foresight, vision and money not universally shared. Almost none of what applies now was germane then. Cable television was in its infancy and primarily local. Legal gaming was local and restricted to Nevada and Atlantic City. Simulcasting was an experiment. The Internet no more than a foreshadowing of what it would become. Personal computers were crude, limited and widely expensive. Phones were still dumb. Twitter was a speech impediment and a blog was something unspeakable sucked from deep in a clogged pipe. Social media was a top-end sound system, a bottle of good wine and a Saturday night date. [PAR] The nation came to a standstill for \"Monday Night Football.\" The Super Bowl was becoming an international holiday. A heavyweight championship fight was a huge, pay-per-view spectacle that dominated the news weeks in advance. But if someone wished to see a horse race, bet on a horse or spend an afternoon in the company of kindred spirits, the local racetrack was the only game in town and often required travel. Off-track betting was established widely only in New York and even there it was crude and distasteful. [PAR] Racing's movers and shakers of that era surveyed the landscape and neither moved nor shook. Television was -- and remains -- the most valuable of marketing tools. But, they reasoned, employing a sort of pre-Neanderthal brain freeze, the availability of racing on television would keep patrons away from the racetrack. [PAR] The metamorphosis of the shrinking media did not happen overnight. At the outset of the '80s, the print media remained robust and racing remained prestigious with most sports editors, a key source for entries, results, selections and daily coverage. News cycles were limited. Sports sections sold papers and racing information was important to the product, particularly in established markets. Press boxes in New York, California, Florida, Maryland, New Jersey and Kentucky were vibrant -- travel destinations as these tracks hosted major races in a seasonal rotation. Others -- Cleveland, Detroit and San Francisco were staffed by writers and handicappers. Racing's print media was still a long way from passing the wrong way through the looking glass. The destination was, however, inevitable. But newspapers, as decision makers the media grew younger and timid, followed television's lead. Racing's most important leaders eschewed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's [PAR] Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 [PAR] Super Bowl XIV [PAR] Chuck Noll's Pittsburgh Steelers would repeat to win Super Bowl 14 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on January 20th, 1980 against Ray Malavasi's LA Rams. Terry Bradshaw took home MVP for the second straight year as the Steelers won their 4th Super Bowl before any other team had won three. John Stallworth and Lynn Swan each caught touchdowns, while Franco Harris ran for two. Dave Elmendorf, Rod Perry, and Eddie Brown intercepted three Bradshaw passes, but it wasn't enough. Lawrence McCutcheon connected with Ron Smith on a halfback pass but quarterback Vince Ferragamo couldn't make the big throw for the Rams. Unsung hero, Larry Anderson, had 162 return yards setting up the Steeler win, 31-19. [PAR] Super Bowl XV [PAR] Tom Flores' Oakland Raiders beat Dick Vermeil's Philadelphia Eagles, 27-10, in Super Bowl 15 on January 25th, 1981 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Ron Jaworski had 291 yards, but was intercepted by linebacker Rod Martin three times. Jim Plunkett threw three touchdowns in Super Bowl Fifteen; an 80 yard bomb to Kenny King, and two shorter scores to Cliff Branch. An Eagle defense led by John Bunting and Herman Edwards couldn't slow Plunkett and Mark Van Eeghen (75 yards). Ted Hendricks, Matt Millen, Dave Browning, and Martin led the stout Raider defense. [PAR] Super Bowl XVI [PAR] On January 24, 1982 Super Bowl 16 was played in Pontiac, Michigan at the Pontiac Sliverdome. Bill Walsh's San Francisco 49ers faced Forrest Gregg's Cincinnati Bengals. MVP, Joe Montana, inched his Forty-Niners into Super Bowl Sixteen by completing a last second touchdown to Dwight Clark in the NFC Title Game, known as \"The Catch\". Montana took home MVP honors, throwing one touchdown to Earl Cooper, while running for another. Ray Wersching had a Super Bowl record 4 field goals. Ken Anderson brought the Bengals roaring back with a touchdown run and pass to Dan Ross. But early turnovers by Chris Collinsworth and Anderson were too much to overcome as Eric Wright, Lynn Thomas, Ronnie Lott, and Dwight Hicks led San Francisco's defense to victory. [PAR] Super Bowl XVII [PAR] On January 30th, 1983, Joe Gibbs' Washington Redskins beat Don Shula's Miami Dolphins 27-17 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Super Bowl 17 MVP, John Riggins, rushed for a record 166 yards, and Joe Theismann threw two touchdowns, to Alvin Garrett and Charlie Brown, leading the Redskin comeback in the second half. Miami's 17 Super Bowl Seventeen points came in the first half; a 76 yard touchdown pass from David Woodley to Jimmy Cefalo, a short field goal by Uwe Von Schamann, and a 98 yard kickoff return by Fulton Walker. Vernon Dean and Mark Murphy led the Washington defense that held Woodley and Don Strock to 4-17 passing. [PAR] Super Bowl XVIII [PAR] Joe Gibbs' Washington Redskins were back as Defending Champs for Super Bowl 18 in Tampa, Florida on January 30th, 1983. Super Bowl Eighteen was different for Joe, as Tom Flores' Los Angeles Raiders blew-out Joe Theismann (2-ints), John Riggins (64-yds) and the rest of the Redskins, 38-9, in the Super Bowl's most lopsided contest yet. Marcus Allen literally ran away with Super Bowl MVP, compiling over 200 total yards and two touchdowns, with a record 192 rushing. Derrick Jensen blocked a punt for a touchdown and linebacker Jack Squireck returned an interception for a score to end the half."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nijinsky II Derby Winner - Bookmakers 1 Nijinsky II Derby Winner [PAR] Nijinsky [PAR] In 2000, British racing aficionados voted Nijinsky as their Horse of the Millenium. It was a tremendous honor considering that so many great horses have made their mark on the British horse racing scene over the last century. But the 2000 poll conducted by the Sun newspaper spoke loud and clear -- Nijinsky was the horse the people loved the most. [PAR] It's easy to say that Nijinsky was pegged for greatness at birth. As the son of two winners of the prestigious Queen's Plate race (Northern Dancer and Flaming Page), Nijinsky had an excellent gene pool in his favor. But his amazing performances over a sterling 13-year span would clearly mark Nijinsky as one of the greatest of the greats. [PAR] Incidentally, the name Nijinsky II was recorded simply for registration purposes. To his legion of fans around the world, he was known simply as the one and only Nijinsky. [PAR] During his standout career, Nijinsky blazed a trail like no other horse before him. He was the first horse to win the coveted English Triple Crown in 35 years, after capturing the Epsom Derby, St. Leger Stakes and the Two Thousand Guineas in 1970. That same year, Nijinsky was honored as Europe's Horse of the Year. He also shattered the European Earnings record after winning $677,177, Nijinsky was later syndicated for a world record sum of $5.4 million. [PAR] In 1969, Nijinsky began his career as two-year-old in Curragh, Ireland, where he won the Erne and Railway Stakes, followed by the Anglesey Stakes and finally the Beresford Stakes to cap his career as a two-year-old. With his victories, Nijinksy was heralded as the two-year-old champion of both Ireland and England. [PAR] He also began his career as a three-year-old in Curragh where he won the Gladness Stakes. He followed this up with the Two Thousand Guineas to capture the first jewel of the Triple Crown. His next two races were easy victories for the muscular thoroughbred as he left the field eating his dust in the English Derby and the Irish Sweeps Derby. The prestigious King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in Ascot came next, where Nijinsky faced an elite and older field that included the 1969 Epsom Derby winner, Blakeney. Despite that, Nijinsky would defeat this heralded field and, with his jockey, Lester Piggott, would gain consideration as the most formidable horse and jockey combo ever. [PAR] An attack of ringworm after that victory left Nijinsky inactive for a significant period. Despite that, Nijinsky captured the St. Leger Stakes upon his return to complete the Triple Crown, the first to do so since Bahram accomplished the feat 35 years earlier. [PAR] In the world-famous Prix de l\ufffdArc de Triomphe in Paris, Nijinsky would suffer his first defeat, losing by a head by Sassafras. Many pundits blamed his jockey, Piggott, for what critics claimed was a sloppy performance. However, in his final race, the Champion Stakes, Nijinsky would again finish second, signaling the fact that the end had arrived for the champion colt. [PAR] After his retirement, Nijinsky was assigned as a stud at the Claiborne Farm in Kentucky, with his owners earnestly hoping that the great horse could pass on his strength, stamina and incredible will to win. [PAR] In 1970, a film was released commemorating Nijinsky's brilliant racing career. Orson Welles was the film's narrator. The film was later released in VHS video format in 1988. [PAR] Bookmakers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series [PAR] 1903 Leaders & Numbers 1902 1904 1900s [PAR] 1903 The First World Series [PAR] Both the American and National Leagues finally agree to co-exist in peace, leading to an inaugural \"world's championship\" between the two pennant winners. [PAR] On January 9, 1903, the hatchet was finally buried. It was on this day in Cincinnati that the powers that be for both the National and American Leagues began the process of co-existing harmoniously, ending two years of bitter fighting. Gone would be the player raids, the cutthroat crosstown rivalries and the clandestine undermining of each other. [PAR] Although nothing was said about the leagues playing one another\u2014be it as regular season interleague play or postseason competition\u2014the door was certainly propped open more widely than ever for the possibility. [PAR] Ironically, it was the National League\u2014the established entity of big league baseball\u2014that more or less waved the white flag to the relatively infant American League, singularly run by Ban Johnson. Talent and attendance had both swayed in favor of the AL, and there was still ongoing pilferage of NL rosters. Jack Chesbro, Jesse Tannehill, Willie Keeler and Sam Crawford had already defected to the junior circuit since the end of the 1902 season, and AL owners were closing in on signing Christy Mathewson, Tommy Leach, Vic Willis and Sam Mertes, among others. To stop the bleeding, the NL decided to put the emergency brakes on the feud and meet with Johnson. [PAR] Though the Cincinnati talks supposedly provided a level playing field between the leagues, there was no mistaking that Johnson and his AL owners were firmly in charge. [PAR] The NL magnates gave it the good ol\u2019 college try anyway. [PAR] Johnson was initially asked by NL executives, led by president Harry Pulliam, to merge the two leagues\u2014eliminating the four AL franchises doing business in NL cities, while allowing the other four to continue as part of a 12-team National League. An incredulous Johnson quickly rejected the idea and walked out, only to return four days later with his own list of demands\u2014many of which he\u2019d get. Johnson demanded that all existing player contracts be honored, allowing AL teams to hold onto the players snapped up from the NL; in return he would stop the player raids. Johnson also pledged not to follow through on his threat to move the Detroit Tigers to Pittsburgh\u2014but only on the condition that he could move his tampered Baltimore franchise to New York. The NL reluctantly, though not unaminouslyJohn Brush, who helped scuttle the Baltimore Orioles and now owned the New York Giants\u2014where most of the released Orioles wound up\u2014vehemently decried the AL\u2019s move to New York. , agreed to these key issues. [PAR] Out of the Cincinnati talks came the National Agreement, the bylines of which both leagues would be run; and the National Commission, an executive group of three representatives from both leagues that would rule over the game. The three elected to the Commission were Johnson and two NL executives: Pulliam and Cincinnati Reds owner Garry Herrmann. On the surface, the AL appeared outnumbered 2-to-1 within the Commission, but it was a deceptive facade; Herrmann, a long-time pal of Johnson, brought a more impartial voice to balance out the trio. [PAR] The negotiating power and dominating presence of Ban Johnson proved one thing as the new season proceeded in April: It was he who now ran the whole show. [PAR] The shortest end of the peace stick would not be reserved for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American winners of the U.S. Open tennis title | Sporting News American winners of the U.S. Open tennis title | Sporting News [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] American winners of the U.S. Open tennis title [PAR] Their names echo in history as the greatest in tennis. From Bill Tilden and Helen Wills in the 1920s to Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert in the '70s; Billie Jean King and Martina Navratilova, John McEnroe and Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras and Maureen Connolly, Althea Gibson and the Williams sisters. Meet the players who won the United States national championship. (Getty Images) [PAR] 2 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Richard Sears: 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887 [PAR] Wilmer Allison chats about the game with Sears, the grandfather of tennis and the first U.S. champion. (AP Photo) [PAR] 3 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Bill Tilden: 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929 [PAR] In the Golden Age of Sports, Tilden was revered with Babe Ruth, Bobby Jones, Red Grange and Jack Dempsey. He dominated the 1920s until he became a professional. But later incidents amid reports of his homosexuality lessened his prominence. (AP Photo) [PAR] 4 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Helen Wills: 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1931 [PAR] There's a great argument about whether Wills or France's Suzanne Lenglen was the greatest player of their age. We'll stick with the American. She won half her titles under her married name, Helen Wills Moody. She also won two gold medals in the 1924 Olympics. (AP Photo) [PAR] 5 [PAR] Chris Evert: 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982 [PAR] In an era of an American renaissance, Evert was the queen of Queens. (AP Photo) [PAR] 6 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Jimmy Connors: 1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983 [PAR] If Evert was the queen, Connors was the peevish king. Few players overwhelmed the Open with personality to the extend of \"the Belleville brat.\" (AP Photo) [PAR] 7 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Pete Sampras: 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002 [PAR] For more than a decade, Sampras was the final name in grand slam tournaments. He was the last great American international champion. (Getty Images) [PAR] 8 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Serena Williams: 1999, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014 [PAR] A lioness, Williams stalks her prey for a fourth consecutive Open title, a fifth consecutive major title and a calendar grand slam. (Getty Images) [PAR] 9 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Molla Mallory: 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926 [PAR] Born in Norway, Anna Margrethe Bjurstedt was the Serena of her age, tough, powerful and aggressive. Mallory was her married name, and she was a naturalized U.S. citizen. She was, one observer remembered, a fighter. (AP Photo) [PAR] 10 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Alice Marble: 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940 [PAR] Marble was a U.S. spy in Switzerland during World War II and escaped death on one occasion. Her husband, Joe Crowley, died in combat. On the court, Marble was a successor to the Helens and later coached Billie Jean King and helped clear the way for Althea Gibson to becomes a precedent-setting star. (AP Photo) [PAR] 12 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Pauline Betz: 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946 [PAR] Betz reigned during World War II. She was compared to Wills but never got to rule in Queens against the best players from abroad until her final title in '46. (AP Photo) [PAR] 13 [PAR] View Fullscreen Close [PAR] Billie Jean King: 1967, 1971, 1972, 1974 [PAR] The first great American champion of the Open Era, she ruled Queens and dominated the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie History at Stoke Park | Luxury 5 Star Hotel, Spa ... Movie History at Stoke Park | Luxury 5 Star Hotel, Spa & Golf in Buckinghamshire [PAR] Movie History [PAR] Movie History [PAR] \"From Bond to Bridget Jones, Stoke Park is amongst Hollywood\u2019s hottest \u2013 and its right on our doorstep\" - Wedding Ideas [PAR] Stoke Park has always had a close relationship to Pinewood Studios (four miles away) and the British film industry. Two James Bond movies, Goldfinger (1964) and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) were filmed at Stoke Park. The epic duel between James Bond (Sean Connery) and Goldfinger (Gert Frobe) is still considered to be the most famous game of golf in cinematic history. [PAR] The famous \u2018mini break\u2019 and rowing scenes from Bridget Jones\u2019s Diary (2001) were filmed in the Great Hall, Lakes and The Pennsylvania Suite with Hugh Grant, Ren\u00e9e Zellweger and Colin Firth. [PAR] In 2004, three movies were released all featuring Stoke Park: Wimbledon, Bride & Prejudice and Matthew Vaughn\u2019s Layer Cake. In Wimbledon, Paul Bettany is featured on the grass tennis courts. Layer Cake featured Stoke Park in many scenes including the dramatic ending with Daniel Craig and Sienna Miller, filmed on The Mansion\u2019s front steps. Bride & Prejudice, a Bollywood reworking of Jane Austen's classic novel, featured shots throughout the grounds. [PAR] Guy Ritchie\u2019s 2008 movie RockNRolla also featured the grass tennis courts and the 21st green. The Stoke Park estate once again featured in W.E., Madonna's 2011 film about the romance between Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson and its effect of a modern day New Yorker.. [PAR] Dead of Night - 1945 [PAR] Two golfers, having fallen for the same woman battle it out in style on the golf course. They decide to play 18 holes who ever loses would leave the area for good. The location, none other than Stoke Park. [PAR] James Bond - 007 [PAR] The third and eighteenth movies in the James Bond series of feature films, Goldfinger (1964) and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997), were filmed in and around the mansion and on our championship golf course. [PAR] Goldfinger - 1964 [PAR] It would be only a matter of time before James Bond's creator Ian Fleming would inject his passion for golf into a 007 adventure, and in his seventh Bond novel, published in 1959, he had his hero face-off against a villain with the Midas touch. [PAR] In the novel Goldfinger, Bond finds himself very much in the rough when playing against Auric Goldfinger, international jeweller, gold smuggler and golf cheat. [PAR] Set at the fictional Royal St Mark's at Sandwich in Kent (although a rather transparent use of Fleming's own club, Royal St George's), 007 narrowly escapes defeat by bringing a little gamesmanship of his own into play. [PAR] The golf match for the film version Goldfinger (1964) was shot at Stoke Park, and remains cinema's most famous golfing scene. Sean Connery's agent 007 is pitted against Auric Goldfinger, in the monumental form of the late Gert Frobe - complete with Plus Fours! [PAR] After catching Goldfinger cheating, Bond switches balls on his opponent during the match. Realising that Bond is attempting to interfere in his affairs, Goldfinger motions to Oddjob, his deadly Korean manservant and caddie, to sever the head of a nearby statue with his steel-rimmed bowler. Bond is suitably impressed, but wonders what the club secretary will have to say. Goldfinger explains smugly, \"Oh nothing Mister Bond - I own the club!\" [PAR] Tomorrow Never Dies - 1997 [PAR] Stoke Park was proud to welcome back Bond in 1997"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sporting dominance | Motor Sport Magazine Sporting dominance | Motor Sport Magazine [PAR] Sporting dominance [PAR] by Paul Fearnley on 7th November 2013 [PAR] Mission Complete in the 2.40 at Chepstow: there could be no better name for AP McCoy\u2019s 4000th winner. Destiny called. [PAR] Except that the seven-year-old gelding was withdrawn because the going was deemed too soft. [PAR] Domination in sport, apparently robust, is in fact fragile. Failure, so much easier to attain, can overtake you, trip and blind-side you at the drop of a clutch, catch or shot. [PAR] McCoy in 2006 [PAR] McCoy, who today (Thursday) might complete his mission at Lord Hesketh\u2019s Towcester Racecourse, is the greatest National Hunt jockey. His victory tally stands almost 1500 proud of the next highest and he is on the verge of his 19th champion jockey title on the trot. [PAR] Such longevity and consistency do not sit comfortably with a bone-jarring/breaking sport that has at its heart an unspoken partnership with another sentient, willful and fallible species. No wonder multiple successive race victories are hard to come by in McCoy\u2019s world. [PAR] It\u2019s the same on the flat. Sir Gordon Richards\u2019 12 in October 1933 appears to be the best run, although a Puerto Rican stallion called Camarero reportedly won 56 straight between 1953 and \u201955. [PAR] Individual sports, where you have only yourself to blame if self-motivation, self-reliance and your talent come up short, is a happier home for the sporting hot streak. [PAR] Ed Moses, uniquely grooved at 13 strides between the barriers, won 122 consecutive 400m hurdles between 1977 and \u201987, while Michael Phelps had gone 10 years unbeaten in 200m butterfly finals by the time Bert le Clos\u2019 \u201cbeautiful boy!\u201d finger-pipped him to gold at London 2012. [PAR] Michael Phelps celebrates his eighth gold medal in during the 2004 Olympics. Photo by Bryan Allison [PAR] Despite the more obvious wear and tear of boxing, Julio C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez reached 87 and O before being held to a draw by Pernell Whitaker in 1993. Sugar Ray Robinson\u2019s eight-year, 91-bout undefeated streak, including two draws, ended unexpectedly against Britain\u2019s Randolph Turpin in 1951. And Welsh flyweight Jimmy Wilde, known as \u2018The Ghost with the Hammer in his Hand\u2019, won 103 in a row before Scotsman Tancy Lee floored him in 1915. [PAR] Racquet sports provide another rich seam for the dominant. Martina Navratilova prevailed in 74 consecutive singles matches in 1984. Helen Wills Moody, the tennis queen of the 1920s and \u201930s, strung together at least 158 wins without conceding a set, and her predecessor, La Divine Suzanne Lenglen, successfully netted 182 between 1921 and \u201926. [PAR] And then there\u2019s squash, that most claustrophobic test of fitness and resolve. Pakistan\u2019s Jahangir Khan squished 555 consecutive opponents in the first half of the 1980s, and yet Aussie Heather McKay, unbeaten during her 19 years as a professional, is likely to have squished even more. [PAR] The search for perfection in team sports, where the clich\u00e9 holds that you are only as good as your weakest member, is a more complex task. Even Ars\u00e8ne Wenger\u2019s Arsenal \u2018Invincibles\u2019 of 2003-\u201904 drew 12 of their 38 Premier League fixtures. [PAR] A draw being an alien concept to American sport, the Miami Dolphins of 1972 remains the only team to complete a perfect NFL season: 17 and O. And that same year, Wilt \u2018The Stilt\u2019 Chamberlain\u2019s LA Lakers stretched its NBA record to 33 victories on the bounce. [PAR] Wilt Chamberlain (right) in 1966 during his time with the Philadelphia 76ers [PAR] An MLB baseball season is more convoluted, with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Finley: Breeders' Cup handicapping analysis - espn.com Bill Finley: Breeders' Cup handicapping analysis [PAR] 21dMatt Hegarty | Daily Racing Form [PAR] Breeders' Cup handicapping analysis [PAR] \u2022 Bill Finley is an award-winning horse racing writer whose work has also appeared in The New York Times, USA Today and Sports Illustrated. [PAR] \u2022 To contact Bill, email him at wnfinley@aol.com [PAR] Friday's Races [PAR] Sixth Race: Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf [PAR] Based on how well the Europeans have performed in North America so far this year, we're going to go with all foreigners all the time in the Breeders' Cup turf races. In seven runnings, an American-based horse has won this race only once, and Aidan O'Brien has won it two of the past three years. So let's go right back with O'Brien's War Envoy. He's lost six straight since breaking his maiden but has been competitive in top class races and need not be a star to defeat the Americans. Hootenanny is actually trained in the U.S. by Wesley Ward but has made his past two starts in Europe. He probably is the most talented Euro in the race, but he has never gone beyond six furlongs, and Ward's strength is not with route horses. Aktabany exited the same race as the top pick and finished only three-quarters of a length behind Hootenanny. [PAR] Seventh Race: Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile [PAR] Although this isn't a very creative pick, Goldencents looks like he's ready to win this race for the second straight year for trainer Doug O'Neill. He has been lightly campaigned this year, has remained in good form, drew the perfect post and has done some of his very best running at this distance and over this track. Fed Biz looks like the main threat, but it's hard to overlook that Goldencents beat him handily in the Pat O'Brien back at Del Mar. After showing nothing in the Kentucky Derby, Tapiture has come back strong, won two straight and then run second behind the freakishly fast Bayern in the Pennsylvania Derby. [PAR] Eighth Race: Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf [PAR] Osaila didn't beat much in her latest start, a non-graded race, but she more than held her own in her previous start in the Group 1 Moyglare Stud Stakes in Ireland. She has won the past three times Dettori was aboard. Welcome back, Gary Stevens. What a story it would be if the jockey pulled this one off with Sivoliere while coming back from knee-replacement surgery. The filly, entering the Chad Brown barn, was a creditable third in a Group 3 race, her latest outing in France and seems to prefer the type of firm going she should get at Santa Anita. Aidan O'Brien sends out Group 3 winner Qualify, who is likely going to have a hard time overcoming the 14 post. [PAR] Ninth Race: Breeders' Cup Distaff [PAR] Untapable's win in the Cotillion was more on the workman-like side, but don't forget she was one of the few horses all day to close any ground on a track that was severely speed-biased. Steve Asmussen certainly knows what he's doing and should have this filly primed for an improved effort. Iotapa hasn't been quite the same since her brilliant 10-1/4-length romp in the Vanity, but she will be dangerous if she can run back to that race. Tiz Midnight showed some fight when coming back to miss to Beholder by just three-quarters of a length in the Zenyatta Stakes. I'm going to take a stand against Close Hatches, who drew poorly and ran miserably in her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's [PAR] Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 [PAR] Super Bowl XIV [PAR] Chuck Noll's Pittsburgh Steelers would repeat to win Super Bowl 14 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on January 20th, 1980 against Ray Malavasi's LA Rams. Terry Bradshaw took home MVP for the second straight year as the Steelers won their 4th Super Bowl before any other team had won three. John Stallworth and Lynn Swan each caught touchdowns, while Franco Harris ran for two. Dave Elmendorf, Rod Perry, and Eddie Brown intercepted three Bradshaw passes, but it wasn't enough. Lawrence McCutcheon connected with Ron Smith on a halfback pass but quarterback Vince Ferragamo couldn't make the big throw for the Rams. Unsung hero, Larry Anderson, had 162 return yards setting up the Steeler win, 31-19. [PAR] Super Bowl XV [PAR] Tom Flores' Oakland Raiders beat Dick Vermeil's Philadelphia Eagles, 27-10, in Super Bowl 15 on January 25th, 1981 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Ron Jaworski had 291 yards, but was intercepted by linebacker Rod Martin three times. Jim Plunkett threw three touchdowns in Super Bowl Fifteen; an 80 yard bomb to Kenny King, and two shorter scores to Cliff Branch. An Eagle defense led by John Bunting and Herman Edwards couldn't slow Plunkett and Mark Van Eeghen (75 yards). Ted Hendricks, Matt Millen, Dave Browning, and Martin led the stout Raider defense. [PAR] Super Bowl XVI [PAR] On January 24, 1982 Super Bowl 16 was played in Pontiac, Michigan at the Pontiac Sliverdome. Bill Walsh's San Francisco 49ers faced Forrest Gregg's Cincinnati Bengals. MVP, Joe Montana, inched his Forty-Niners into Super Bowl Sixteen by completing a last second touchdown to Dwight Clark in the NFC Title Game, known as \"The Catch\". Montana took home MVP honors, throwing one touchdown to Earl Cooper, while running for another. Ray Wersching had a Super Bowl record 4 field goals. Ken Anderson brought the Bengals roaring back with a touchdown run and pass to Dan Ross. But early turnovers by Chris Collinsworth and Anderson were too much to overcome as Eric Wright, Lynn Thomas, Ronnie Lott, and Dwight Hicks led San Francisco's defense to victory. [PAR] Super Bowl XVII [PAR] On January 30th, 1983, Joe Gibbs' Washington Redskins beat Don Shula's Miami Dolphins 27-17 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Super Bowl 17 MVP, John Riggins, rushed for a record 166 yards, and Joe Theismann threw two touchdowns, to Alvin Garrett and Charlie Brown, leading the Redskin comeback in the second half. Miami's 17 Super Bowl Seventeen points came in the first half; a 76 yard touchdown pass from David Woodley to Jimmy Cefalo, a short field goal by Uwe Von Schamann, and a 98 yard kickoff return by Fulton Walker. Vernon Dean and Mark Murphy led the Washington defense that held Woodley and Don Strock to 4-17 passing. [PAR] Super Bowl XVIII [PAR] Joe Gibbs' Washington Redskins were back as Defending Champs for Super Bowl 18 in Tampa, Florida on January 30th, 1983. Super Bowl Eighteen was different for Joe, as Tom Flores' Los Angeles Raiders blew-out Joe Theismann (2-ints), John Riggins (64-yds) and the rest of the Redskins, 38-9, in the Super Bowl's most lopsided contest yet. Marcus Allen literally ran away with Super Bowl MVP, compiling over 200 total yards and two touchdowns, with a record 192 rushing. Derrick Jensen blocked a punt for a touchdown and linebacker Jack Squireck returned an interception for a score to end the half."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judo Bond Nederland - Condoleanceregister Anton Geesink Judo Bond Nederland - Condoleanceregister Anton Geesink [PAR] Condoleanceregister Anton Geesink [PAR] Condoleanceregister [PAR] U kunt blijk geven van uw medeleven omtrent het overlijden van Anton Geesink door een bericht te sturen naar condoleance@jbn.nl . [PAR] Een overzicht van alle condoleances is hieronder weergegeven. [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] Eens een Judoka... Altijd een Judoka. [PAR] Ik wil graag mijn medeleven betuigen aan de familie Geesink met het ontvallen van Sensei Anton. [PAR] Veel sterkte en kracht toegewenst [PAR] [PAR] Michel van den Eng - Gouda [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] Dear Friends, [PAR] [PAR] Let us impress our condolences regarding the passing away of the greatest judoka and fantastic person Mr. Anton Geesink. Our hearts are full of pain and our eyes full of tears realizing that judo world is to be without him. Hope new generation of Nederland will keep judo flag high to give the highest respect to the legends like Mr. Geesink. [PAR] [PAR] Kutaisi, Georgia [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] With great sorrow I have taken notice of the sudden and unexpected death of Anton Geesink. In my life I have had the pleasure to meet him only a few times and every time I felt myself in presence of a great and strong personality with a good sense of humour. His pass away is a big loss for Judo and for all of us. I will always remember him with pleasant reminiscence. [PAR] I would like to express my sincere condolences to his family. May he rest in peace. [PAR] Nico van Dijk [PAR] IT member of European Judo Union [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] I had the peasure to meet Sensei Anton G 3x at the International judocamp at Papendal. [PAR] Later on i trained underneat \u00ab his wings \u00bb at a clinic he was asked to give for the VJF. [PAR] I like/loved his personality, his way of approaching judo but for sure his training-endurance and RESPECT!!!! [PAR] Judo and Anton geesink are linked for life and judo will miss this great Champion. [PAR] He will allways be in my heart/judo-teaching. [PAR] Werner, Belgium [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] I would like to express my deepest condolences for the loss of Anton Geesink. [PAR] A great athlete and gold medallist in judo, Mr. Geesink dedicated his entire career to the promotion of sport values and education of judo. The Judo Family as well the Olympic Family have lost one of the most popular athletes in the world and a great person. [PAR] I believe that my sentiments of sorrow are shared by all the Spanish people and in particularly by the Spanish Olympic Family. [PAR] Please accept my deepest and fraternal condolences. [PAR] Alejandro Blanco [PAR] President Spanish Olympic Committee [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] We wish to address our most heartfelt condolences for the passing away of Mr. Anton Geesink, to his relatives and the entire judo family, since Mr. Geesink was a true icon in Judo and Sports History. Not only was Mr. Geesink a 10th Dan, but also he was the first non-Japanese World Champion in 1961, won the Olympic title in Tokyo 1964 and was a member of the IOC. We deeply mourn the loss of this great personlaity. [PAR] With our Highest Regards, [PAR] President Portuguese Judo Federation [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] With great sorrow we learned of the death of Anton Geesink, surely one of the most famous judo legends of all time. [PAR] From the beginning of my time in judo, I have always heard of Anton Geesink, the first non-Japanese to win a World Championship, first to win"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History - 1970s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ... History - 1970s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] READ MORE [PAR] 1970: Margaret Court v Billie Jean King: [PAR] Margaret Court and Billie Jean King contested one of the great Wimbledon finals in 1970. As veteran commentator John Barrett has said, \"It produced one of the most dramatic finals ever seen at Wimbledon.\" The fact it was televised in colour rather than black and white added to the spectacle while also underlining the changing times of a sport that only two years earlier had turned professional. [PAR] 1970: John Newcombe v Ken Rosewall: [PAR] John Newcombe defeated his Australian countryman Ken Rosewall and a partisan crowd 5-7, 6-3, 6-2, 3-6, 6-1 to win the men\u2019s singles for a second time. [PAR] From the start the elegant Rosewall, the underdog, had the Centre Court crowd behind for everyone hoped that this, his third appearance in a final, would be his year having previously been the gallant runner-up in 1954 and 1956. The 16-year gap set a record-breaking span between his first and this year\u2019s final, one that was so appreciated by the crowd that it led Newcombe to ask \u2018why do they hate me?\u2019 [PAR] With a nine-year age gap between the two, it was always going to be difficult for the 35-year-old Rosewall to outlast the younger former champion and his play proved patchy as Newcombe exploited his weaknesses with his power and guile to level and take a two-sets-to-one lead. [PAR] Rosewall recovered in the fourth, helped by Newcombe\u2019s brief loss of concentration and the clear favouritism being shown to the older player, but regained his composure to inflict a quick coup de grace over his tiring compatriot in the fifth. [PAR] 1971: Evonne Goolagong v Margaret Court: [PAR] The highlight of the Ladies\u2019 singles was the final clash between Margaret Court and Evonne Goolagong, an all-Australian encounter, which will be perceived as the end of one era and the start of another. [PAR] Goolagong, at 19, had captured the tennis world\u2019s hearts on her second appearance at The Championships with her breezy, easy-going style and sunny smile, which contrasted greatly with the quiet and dignified defending champion Court. While the Aussie teenager arrived in the final having taken out the previous year\u2019s runner-up, Billie Jean King, in three sets, no one expected her to also get the better of the big-hitting defending champion. [PAR] The die was cast from the opening exchanges as Court surprisingly, showed more nerves than her challenger who immediately raced to a 4-0 lead with ultimate ease. However, Court drew on her experience and clawed her way back to 3-4 but in the eighth game, with Goolagong 15-40 down, she was unable to capitalise and level as the teenager struck three searing winners to completely deflate the champion. [PAR] Goolagong showed no anxiety in her free-flowing shots to claim six successive games and take the title 6-4 6-1 to become only the fourth teenager to win the women\u2019s singles since the war. [PAR] 1971: Ken Rosewall: [PAR] Classic or epic matches are measured by the numbers watching a struggle to the death and the Ken Rosewall v Cliff Ritchie clash at the quarter-final stage of the 1971 Championships falls firmly into that category. [PAR] Australia\u2019s Rosewall and Ritchie of the US battled it out for 3hrs 59mins before Rosewall captured the semi-final place at stake, 6-8, 5-7, 6-4, 9-7, 7-5, recovering from two sets down and trailing 2-4 and 0-30 in the third. [PAR] As the scoreline"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl II Game Recap - NFL.com Super Bowl II Game Recap [PAR] Super Bowl II Game Recap [PAR] Green Bay 33, Oakland 14 [PAR] SuperBowl.com wire reports [PAR] Vince Lombardi is carried off the field after leading the Packers to victory. (AP) [PAR] Green Bay, after winning its third consecutive NFL championship, won the Super Bowl title for the second straight year, defeating the AFL champion Raiders in a game that drew the first $3-million gate in football history. [PAR] Bart Starr again was chosen the game's most valuable player as he completed 13 of 24 passes for 202 yards and one touchdown and directed a Packers' attack that was in control all the way after building a 16-7 halftime lead. [PAR] Don Chandler kicked four field goals and all-pro cornerback Herb Adderley capped the Green Bay scoring with a 60-yard interception return. [PAR] The game marked the last for Vince Lombardi as Packers coach, ending nine years at Green Bay in which he won six Western Conference championships, five NFL championships, and two Super Bowls. [PAR] Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennis players of the century | Tennis | Sport | The ... Tennis players of the century | The Independent [PAR] Tennis players of the century [PAR] Tuesday 7 December 1999 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Rod Laver beat out the player who grew up idolizing him, Pete Sampras, as the men's tennis player of the century, and Steffi Graf edged Martina Navratilova as the top women's player in a poll conducted by The Associated Press. [PAR] Rod Laver beat out the player who grew up idolizing him, Pete Sampras, as the men's tennis player of the century, and Steffi Graf edged Martina Navratilova as the top women's player in a poll conducted by The Associated Press. [PAR] Laver, assembled by The AP, while Sampras received no first-place votes and 39 points. [PAR] Bill Tilden, who dominated men's play in the 1920s, finished third with the help of one first-place vote. [PAR] Dubbed the \"Rocket,\" Laver is the only double Grand Slammer in history. He won the Australian, French, Wimbledon and US titles in 1962 as an amateur, then repeated the feat in 1969 as a pro. [PAR] He attacked the net relentlessly, yet possessed a potent all-around game from the baseline. [PAR] Laver won the Australian singles title three times, the French twice, Wimbledon four times, and the US twice. [PAR] He probably would have won many more majors but was banned from the Grand Slam events in his prime after he turned pro in 1963. He did not return to the majors until the open era in 1968, then he promptly won Wimbledon for the third time. [PAR] Sampras always listed Laver as his favorite player, admiring the completeness of his game, his aggressive style on court, and his gentlemanly demeanor off court. [PAR] Although Sampras owns 12 major singles titles, including six at Wimbledon, he has never gone beyond the semi-finals in 10 appearances at the French Open. That failure on clay led one voter to omit him from the top 10 list, while another rated him only No 5. [PAR] Bjorn Borg of Sweden and winner of five straight Wimbledon titles from 1976 to 1980, finished fourth, followed by Don Budge, the first player to complete a Grand Slam in 1938. [PAR] John McEnroe and Lew Hoad of Australia, tied for sixth place, Roy Emerson and Ken Rosewall, both Australians, tied for eighth, and Jack Kramer finished 10th. [PAR] Hoad and Pancho Gonzales, scintillating players in the 1950s who limited their play in majors by turning pro in their prime, each garnered one first-place vote. [PAR] In the women's poll, Graf and Navratilova were separated by a point, 52-51, and were followed by Margaret Smith Court - the winner of 24 Grand Slam titles. Billie Jean King, who holds the most Wimbledon titles, with 20 (6 singles and 14 doubles titles) was fourth on the list. Chris Evert was fifth followed by Suzanne Lenglen of France, Helen Wills Moody, Maureen Connolly, Monica Seles of Yugoslavia, and a tie for No 10 between Evonne Goolagong of Australia and Martina Hingis of Switzerland. [PAR] Graf, of Germany, retired at 30 in 1999 after her emotional victory at the French Open, her sixth at Roland Garros, and a runner-up finish at Wimbledon, where she had won seven times. She is the only player to complete a Golden Slam - winning the four majors and the Olympics in 1988. [PAR] Four voters ranked Graf No 1, one listed Navratilova, a Czech native, as the best, and another put King at the top,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ping Pong Arcade Game - Classic Arcade Games Ping Pong Arcade Game [PAR] 57 [PAR] Ping Pong Arcade Game [PAR] Ping Pong (table tennis) has been played on many home consoles and arcades. It's regarded as the first popular arcade and home console game. Ping Pong is based on table tennis. Latter games such as Arkanoid were based on the concept of table tennis. Please wait for the game to load. Game not loading? Please enable Active X Content by clicking the circle with a strike through icon in the address bar which looks like this ( [PAR] ) and clicking the 'Turn Off Active X Filtering' button."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Brief History of Air Mail | Airtug A Brief History of Air Mail | Airtug [PAR] A Brief History of Air Mail [PAR] Posted on June 8, 2016 in Blog [PAR] It all started a very long time, ago \u2013 there existed a sophisticated mail service in Ancient Rome; and the postal service of 2nd-century Rome was akin to our postal service today in that regardless of the weather or the circumstances, the mail would simply have to go through! Horse-drawn carts meandered a good 50 miles per day over the masterfully-constructed roads that covered the sprawling Roman Empire. Relay teams worked with one another, day and night, to ensure that the most important mail \u2013 usually political \u2013 would make a 170 mile trip within 24 hours! [PAR] [PAR] As centuries passed, mail delivery became increasingly \u2018sophisticated\u2019; and the first aerial mail transportation occurred in 1870 in France. Here, letters were carried by balloons cast adrift, guided by the wind. It was on September of 1870 that 500 pounds of mail was carried, although the question remains: Was the mail actually delivered? With no way to control the balloons\u2019 flights, the system was doomed shortly after its inception. With that being said, however, balloon mail was also experimented with in 1877 in Nashville, Tennessee with, presumably, questionable results. [PAR] [PAR] If we fast-forward to the 2nd decade of 20th-Century America, we find government-sponsored flights for domestic US Airmail which took place between 1911 and 1918. It wasn\u2019t until May 15 of 1918 that the first day of scheduled airmail came to be \u2013 the US Post Office Department officially established a new class of mail service \u2013 Air Mail was born! On that date, the first airmail route was inaugurated between Washington DC and New York City. The US Post Office Department had made an agreement with the War Department which would supply the planes and pilots while the Post Office would manage the mail and relevant details. This historic flight carried 136 pounds of mail. During a 76-day operation that followed, Air Service pilots delivered 20 tons of mail. It should be noted, however, that of the initial 40 pilots, three died in flight crashes in a single year during 1919 and nine more crew died in 1920. [PAR] [PAR] To further demonstrate the potential of utilizing aircraft for mail delivery, however, arrangements were made for a flight from San Francisco to New York City on February 22, 1921; and it was successful! Including all stops, the flight took 33 hours and 21 minutes with an average speed of 104 mph, covering a distance of just over 2600 miles. By 1924, transcontinental air mail delivery became serious business; and 5 years later, a total of 45 airlines were chosen for mail delivery. The compensation for the carriers was a whopping $1.10 per mile!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bits and Bytes Bits and Bytes [PAR] Bits and Bytes [PAR] At the smallest scale in the computer, information is stored as bits and bytes. In this section, we'll look at how that works. [PAR] Bit [PAR] Bit, like an atom, the smallest unit of storage [PAR] A bit stores just a 0 or 1 [PAR] \"In the computer it's all 0's and 1's\" ... bits [PAR] Anything with two separate states can store 1 bit [PAR] -Nick's tennis racket example [PAR] Chip uses areas of electric charge as 0/1 states [PAR] Hard drive uses spots North/South magnetism 0/1 states [PAR] A bit is too small to be much use [PAR] Group 8 bits together to make 1 byte [PAR] Everything in a computer is 0's and 1's ... what does that mean? The bit stores just a 0 or 1 .. it's the smallest building block of storage. [PAR] Byte [PAR] One byte = grouping of 8 bits [PAR] e.g. 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 [PAR] One byte can store one letter, e.g. 'A' or 'x' [PAR] How Many Patterns With N Bits? [PAR] How many distinct patterns can be made with 1, 2, or 3 bits? [PAR] Number of bits [PAR] 3 bits vs. 2 bits [PAR] Consider just the leftmost bit [PAR] It can only be 0 or 1 [PAR] Lefmost bit is 0, then append 2-bit patterns [PAR] Leftmost bit is 1, then append 2-bit patterns again [PAR] Result ... 3-bits has twice as many patterns as 2-bits [PAR] Number of bits [PAR] In general: add 1 bit, double the number of patterns [PAR] 1 bit - 2 patterns [PAR] 8 bits - 256 - one byte [PAR] Mathematically: n bits yields 2n patterns (2 to the nth power) [PAR] One Byte - 256 Patterns [PAR] 1 byte is group of 8 bits [PAR] 8 bits can make 256 different patterns [PAR] How to use the 256 patterns? [PAR] How to store a number in a byte? [PAR] Start with 0, go up, one pattern per number, until run out of patterns [PAR] 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... 254, 255 [PAR] One byte can hold a number between 0 and 255 [PAR] i.e. with 256 distinct patterns, we can store a number in the range 0..255 [PAR] Code: pixel.setRed(n) took a number 0..255. Why? [PAR] The red/green/blue image numbers are each stored in one byte [PAR] Bytes [PAR] \"Byte\" - unit of information storage [PAR] A document, an image, a movie .. how many bytes? [PAR] 1 byte is enough to hold 1 typed letter, e.g. 'b' or 'X' [PAR] Later we'll look at storage in: RAM, hard drives, flash drives [PAR] All measured in bytes, despite being very different hardware [PAR] Kilobyte, KB, about 1 thousand bytes [PAR] Megabyte, MB, about 1 million bytes [PAR] Gigabyte, GB, about 1 billion bytes [PAR] Terabyte, TB, about 1 trillion bytes (rare) [PAR] The space that data takes up in the computer is measured in by the \"byte\". One byte is big enough to hold a single typed letter, like 'a'. Here we'll look at storing data in RAM memory and in persistent storage like a hard drive. All of that storage space will be measured in bytes. We'll look at byte arithmetic in more detail later. [PAR] Bytes and Letters - ASCII Code [PAR] ASCII is an encoding representing each typed letter by a number [PAR] Each number is stored in one byte (so the number is in 0..255) [PAR] A is 65 [PAR] space is 32 [PAR] \"Unicode\" is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 3 Apartments for Rent in the Alta Vista neighborhood ... Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA Apartments for Rent - realtor.com\u00ae [PAR] Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA Apartments for Rent [PAR] Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA Real Estate and Homes for Sale [PAR] Displaying results based upon viewable map area. Click to revert to last search. [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Single Family Home For Rent [PAR] 2 bd [PAR] How Much Home Can You Afford? [PAR] Calculate your true monthly costs based on: [PAR] Income [PAR] The zip code is not valid [PAR] Move To [PAR] The zip code is not valid [PAR] Size of Move [PAR] Moving To: [PAR] XX address [PAR] The cost calculator is intended to provide a ballpark estimate for information purposes only and is not to be considered an actual quote of your total moving cost. Data provided by Moving Pros Network LLC. More\u2026 [PAR] The calculator is based on industry average costs. Your move costs may vary depending on the actual weight of your goods, the services you request or are needed to complete the move, and/or on the pricing of each individual mover. Also, certain costs are not reflected in this calculation, for example any fuel surcharge that may be applicable at the time of your move and valuation costs. [PAR] Get a Free Quote from a Professional Mover [PAR] Moving date: [PAR] The first name is not valid [PAR] Last Name [PAR] The last name is not valid [PAR] Email [PAR] The email is not valid [PAR] Phone Number [PAR] No Thanks [PAR] By clicking \"Get Your Free Quote,\" I consent to receiving moving quotes from up to four (4) companies as may be selected by Moving.com, who may contact me using an automated dialing system or a pre-recorded message at the phone number I've provided above. [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Thanks! Your message is on its way. A moving professional will contact you soon. [PAR] Hunting for Alta Vista apartments for rent and other rentals? Realtor.com\u00ae has rentals listings in Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA for you to search. The listings that you see here are precise and comprehensive and put virtually all of the important property details right in front of you. Simply key in your search criteria to begin finding your dream apartment in Alta Vista. For a more detailed analysis of floor plans and feature options, browse through our lovely photos. Realtor.com\u00ae is your ideal option to find apartments for rent in Alta Vista online. Unearth places to rent where you've always wanted to live right now."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barclay Square Apartments Barclay Square Apartments [PAR] Barclay Square Apartments [PAR] View Our Floor Plans [PAR] One and two bedroom apartments just a stone's throw from all of the dining, shopping, and entertainment Baltimore City has to offer. Barclay Square Apartments is walking distance to Morgan State University and just a few minutes' drive from Johns Hopkins University. [PAR] Apartments feature plush wall-to-wall carpeting, oversized closets, and beautifully equipped kitchens. [PAR] One and two bedroom apartments just a stone's throw from all of the dining, shopping, and entertainment Baltimore City has to offer. Barclay Square Apartments is walking distance to Morgan State University and just a few minutes' drive from Johns Hopkins University. [PAR] Apartments feature plush wall-to-wall carpeting, oversized closets, and beautifully equipped kitchens. [PAR] Walk-in closets in some apartments [PAR] Wall-to-wall carpeting [PAR] DSL and cable modem available [PAR] On-site clothes care center [PAR] 5 minutes to Morgan State University [PAR] 5 minutes to shopping[DOC] [TLE] Barclay Square Apartments Rentals - Baltimore, MD ... Barclay Square Apartments Rentals - Baltimore, MD | Apartments.com [PAR] Application Fee [PAR] About Barclay Square Apartments [PAR] One and two bedroom apartments just a stone's throw from all of the dining, shopping, and entertainment Baltimore City has to offer. Barclay Square Apartments is walking distance to Morgan State University and just a few minutes' drive from Johns Hopkins University. Apartments feature plush wall-to-wall carpeting, oversized closets, and beautifully equipped kitchens. [PAR] Apartment Amenities [PAR] 6 months (premium) 12 months [PAR] Services"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newsgroups - Dynamic Web Solutions Newsgroups [PAR] Newsgroups [PAR] This icon indicates that there is a screen capture or animation describing the concept. [PAR] This icon indicates that there is a sound clip describing the tutorial. [PAR] [PAR] Topics covered in this tutorial (click link to jump to topic): [PAR] 1. [PAR] [PAR] Introduction [PAR] A newsgroup is like an electronic public notice board on a particular subject. Anyone can post a message or read a message. Newsgroups provide a way to communicate with people who share your interests from all over the world. You can read a newsgroup any time and anyone can participate in a newsgroup... though not all Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have a news server or offer access to every newsgroup. [PAR] There are literally thousands of newsgroups covering virtually every topic imaginable - from computers, social issues, literature and science, to recreation, entertainment, hobbies and current affairs. In newsgroups you can find job postings, business and health care advice, announcements about events, referrals, political and religious discussions - even photos you can download. [PAR] Reading newsgroups is easy. You can use a newsreader that is nested or bundled in your email program although a specialized newseader will allow you to manage the huge volume of information in most newsgroups. [PAR] You will need to set up your newsreader. This means \"pointing\" it at your ISPs news server. You will need to know the name of your ISPs news server. It will look something like news.yourisp.com.au. [PAR] Categories [PAR] Newsgroups are divided into categories. The categories help you determine what kind of group and what kind of postings you will find there. For example, alt.bicycle.rec.oz means this is an alternative newsgroup for recreational cyclists in Australia. Be aware that some newsgroups are not for the faint hearted. alt.gay.leather would not be a place to read interesting stuff about spring flowers. [PAR] Some common examples are: [PAR] alt. means \"alternative\" and refers to newsgroups that are alternative (and sometime absurd), or simply that they don\u0092t fit into other categories. [PAR] com. means \"computers\" and newsgroups proceeded with com. cover areas of interest to computer users or professionals [PAR] soc. means \"social\" and cover topics like politics, community groups and social policy [PAR] talk. Means \"talk\" and [PAR] sci. means \"science\" denotes more discussive newsgroups [PAR] rec. means \"rec\" and proceeds newsgroups that are not work related [PAR] Subscribing [PAR] You \"subscribe\" to newsgroups that interest you. To do this you first get a complete listing of all the newsgroups that are available from your ISP. It takes a few minutes to download because the list of newsgroups is very long - there are over 50,000 newsgroups and rising. Once downloaded to your computer, use the \"search\" or \"find\" functions in your newsreader to look for topics that interest you. You can build a list of subscribed newsgroups or just view a newsgroup once. When you subscribe to a newsgroup, your newsreader automatically downloads new messages or \"posts\" to that newsgroup each time you log onto your ISP's news server. [PAR] Posting [PAR] A message on a newsgroup is called a \"post\" or an \"article\". It may a response to a previous post or be a new post. People reading the newsgroup can reply to any post and in this way a discussion or \"thread\" is formed. It is often a good idea to read through a thread before posting your own ideas. When replying to a post, try to keep the information relevant and to the point. [PAR] You post a message in much the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vector and Bitmap Images Explained and Compared Vector and Bitmap Images Explained and Compared [PAR] A Bitmap Image--shown zoomed in with the original size in the upper right corner. Notice the individual pixels that make up the image. View Full Size . \u00a9 S. Chastain [PAR] Updated August 22, 2016. [PAR] It's almost impossible to discuss graphics software without first establishing an understanding of the differences between the two major 2D graphic types: bitmap and vector images. This is an important lesson and often a tough one to grasp. If you work with graphics at all, it's bound to come up, so it's an important concept to understand. Let's start by talking about the more common type: bitmap images. [PAR] Facts About Bitmap Images [PAR] Bitmap images (also known as raster images) are made up of pixels in a grid. Pixels are picture elements; tiny squares of individual color that make up what you see on your screen. All these tiny squares of color come together to form the images you see. Most computer monitors display approximately 70 to 100 pixels per inch--the actual number depends on your monitor and screen settings . [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What is Virtual Reality? [PAR] The Smartphone in your pocket can display up to 3X as many pixels as your computer. [PAR] To illustrate this, let's take a look at a typical desktop icon such as the one shown in the image here. The icons on your desktop are typically 32 by 32 pixels. In other words, there are 32 dots of color going in each direction. When combined, these tiny dots form an image. The icon shown in the upper right corner of this example is a typical desktop icon at screen resolution. As you can see, when you enlarge the icon, as I have in this example, you can clearly see each individual square dot of color. Note the that white areas of the background are still individual pixels, even though they appear to be one solid color. [PAR] Bitmap images are resolution dependent. Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image and is usually stated as dpi (dots per inch) or ppi (pixels per inch) . Bitmap images are displayed on your computer screen at screen resolution: approximately 100 ppi. However, when printing bitmaps, your printer needs much more image data than a monitor. [PAR] In order to render a bitmap image accurately, the typical desktop printer needs 150-300 ppi. If you've ever wondered why your 300 dpi scanned image appears so much larger on your monitor, this is why. For more in-depth information about resolution, scanning, and printing bitmap images, refer to my article Getting Started Scanning . [PAR] Because bitmaps are resolution dependent, is impossible to increase or decrease their size without sacrificing a degree of image quality. When you reduce the size of a bitmap image through your software's resample or resize command, you must throw away pixels. When you increase the size of a bitmap image through your software's resample or resize command, the software has to create new pixels. When creating pixels, the software must estimate the color values of the new pixels based on the surrounding pixels. This process is called interpolation . [PAR] Interpolation is actually quite easy to understand. If you double the resolution of an image you add pixels. let's assume you have a red pixel and a blue pixel beside eachother. If you double the resolution you will be adding two pixels between the,m. What colour will those new pixels be? Now ask"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Get a Free .edu Address for Student Discounts How to Get a Free .edu Address for Student Discounts [PAR] How to Get a Free .edu Address for Student Discounts [PAR] By | [PAR] August 8, 2014 11:21 am [PAR] MORE [PAR] EDITOR'S NOTE: This method no longer works for acquiring a .edu email address. [PAR] Being a student has a lot of perks, such as a deep markdown on Amazon Prime, discounts on major newspapers and savings at numerous popular retailers. Unfortunately, the money saved won\u2019t come even close to displacing the rapidly increasing cost of education, but there\u2019s an easy way to reap many of the benefits of student status without dropping the big bucks on school. [PAR] Many online retailers will verify your student status by requiring you to sign up with a simple .edu email address, which is typically available only to attendees of a college or university. From time to time, however, an .edu website will allow users to register an email address without actually checking their student status. It\u2019s a way for non-students to get many of the benefits of being a student without taking on loan after loan. This is often subject to abrupt change, when an organization learns how it's being exploited. [PAR] There are certainly ethical questions about taking advantage of the system, but if you're determined to do it, here\u2019s how to get an .edu email address. [PAR] 1. Visit the account creation page on the California Colleges website and select that you\u2019re a College or Postsecondary School Student. The California Colleges website is a place for students and potential students to plan their educational path. It allows anyone to sign up for an email account, but you\u2019ll want to select that you\u2019re currently a college student. [PAR] [PAR] 2. Select Find and choose your favorite college from the list. Have you ever dreamed of attending a California college? Here\u2019s your chance to pretend that you\u2019re really there! There are a long list of schools, from universities to community colleges to choose from. Pick your favorite. [PAR] 3. Enter in your personal information, and select an account name and password. You certainly can use your real information, but there\u2019s no system in place to check anything. Entering sensitive information, such as your address, is optional. We recommend filling out the bare minimum of the form. Note that your account name will be your new email address. [PAR] 4. Click to continue once you see the notice that your account has been successfully created. If you\u2019ve filled out the form correctly, you should be redirected to a page that confirms your new account. If you see this page, you now have an .edu email address. [PAR] 5. Click My Portfolio in the top right corner, followed by Send and Receive Messages to view your new .edu email address. This is where you\u2019ll go when you want to view your messages \u2014 which is often required by sites offering student discounts in order to verify that you\u2019re the owner of the account. [PAR] 6. Send yourself a test email. It\u2019s good to know that your new email address actually works. Head over to an existing email account and send a message to your new .edu address. Then, return to your new .edu inbox and refresh the page to view your test message."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Satellites - Sputnik I - About.com Inventors The History of Sputnik I and Its Effect on the U.S. [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 07, 2016. [PAR] History was made on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball and weighed only 183 pounds. It took about 98 minutes for Sputnik I to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological and scientific developments and marked the beginning of the space race between the U.S.and the U.S.S.R. [PAR] The International Geophysical Year [PAR] In 1952, the International Council of Scientific Unions decided to establish the International Geophysical Year. It wasn't actually a year but rather more like 18 months, set from July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958. Scientists knew that cycles of solar activity would be at a high point at this time. The Council adopted a resolution in October 1954 calling for artificial satellites to be launched during the IGY to map the earth's surface. [PAR] The U.S. Contribution [PAR] The White House announced plans to launch an earth-orbiting satellite for the IGY in July 1955. [PAR] The government solicited proposals from various research agencies to undertake development of this satellite. NSC 5520, the Draft Statement of Policy on U.S. Scientific Satellite Program, recommended both the creation of a scientific satellite program as well as the development of satellites for reconnaissance purposes. [PAR] The National Security Council approved the IGY satellite on May 26, 1955 based on NSC 5520. This event was announced to the public on July 28 during an oral briefing at the White House. The government's statement emphasized that the satellite program was intended to be the U.S. contribution to the IGY and that the scientific data was to benefit scientists of all nations. The Naval Research Laboratory's Vanguard proposal for a satellite was chosen in September 1955 to represent the U.S.during the IGY. [PAR] Then Came Sputnik I [PAR] The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, it caught the world's attention and the American public off guard. Its size was more impressive than Vanguard's intended 3.5-pound payload. The public reacted with fear that the Soviets' ability to launch such a satellite would translate to the ability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. [PAR] Then the Soviets struck again: Sputnik II was launched on November 3, carrying a much heavier payload and a dog named Laika. [PAR] The U.S. Response [PAR] The U.S. Defense Department responded to the political and public furor over the Sputnik satellites by approving funding for another U.S. satellite project. As a simultaneous alternative to Vanguard, Wernher von Braun and his Army Redstone Arsenal team began work on a satellite that would become known as Explorer. [PAR] The tide of the space race changed on January 31, 1958 when the U.S. successfully launched Satellite 1958 Alpha, familiarly known as Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that eventually discovered magnetic radiation belts around the Earth. These belts were named after principal investigator James Van Allen. The Explorer program continued as a successful ongoing series of lightweight, scientifically-useful spacecraft. [PAR] The Creation of NASA [PAR] The Sputnik launch also led to the creation of NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, commonly called the \"Space Act,\u201d in July 1958, and the Space Act created NASA effective October 1, 1958. It joined NACA, the National"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] time management - What to do when tired instead of surfing ... time management - What to do when tired instead of surfing the internet? - Personal Productivity Stack Exchange [PAR] What to do when tired instead of surfing the internet? [PAR] up vote 40 down vote favorite [PAR] 27 [PAR] After a full day, I am tired, and often end up mindlessly surfing the internet in the evening. It is the easiest thing to do when I've already made a lot of decisions during the day. Unfortunately, this practice bakes little bread, and I feel empty and hollow after doing it. [PAR] I am not opposed to surfing the internet. When I am alert, it is incredibly fun to learn new and interesting things. But when I am tired, I hardly have the imagination to surf in a fun way. [PAR] My question is what can I do when I am tired other than surfing the internet? (For others, you could substitute watching television with surfing the internet.) I either want it to be something more relaxing, or something more productive. Either would be better. In addition, how do I overcome the barrier of doing the easy thing instead of something more worthwhile? [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] Why do I have this irrestistable urge to say - have some children? \u2013 HLGEM Aug 30 '12 at 20:57 [PAR] 6 [PAR] How about sleep? \u2013 Dave Newton Aug 30 '12 at 21:00 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Sleep is good, but sometimes you are tired earlier in the evening, and you won't fall asleep anyways. If I could easily fall asleep early in the evening, I would. But I can't. \u2013 pasta Aug 31 '12 at 14:23 [PAR] 5 [PAR] [PAR] @HLGEM The question was not about how to go from tired to fried and exhausted! :-) Although, yeah, pretty worthwhile overall. \u2013 eflat Sep 4 '12 at 20:51 [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] You do not seem to realize that surfing the internet (jumping from one topic to the other) makes you even more tired. \u2013 Jan Doggen May 1 '14 at 8:18 [PAR] I've started keeping a list of hobby-related things I want to do. I usually have ideas during my \"alert\" hours. Examples might be: [PAR] Learn to play song ________ on the piano [PAR] Write a Hello-World program in some new language [PAR] Then in the evening, when tiredness starts to set in and I feel myself tempted to veg out in front of the TV, I look at my list and pick something from it. [PAR] What's important about this method is that I'm leveraging the moments when I'm motivated and \"saving\" those ideas for later, when I lack the motivation to think of something valuable to do. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] This is a good idea--there are many things I want to do during the day, but it is possible I do the easy things too early in the day when I have more energy. Thus I do not match my energy to tasks requiring the same amount of energy, which creates waste. \u2013 pasta Aug 31 '12 at 14:25 [PAR] Why not try reading a book? Fiction, or something related to an interest you have. [PAR] Or how about learning a craft, cooking etc. [PAR] The possibilities are endless. [PAR] Just turn the internet off - seriously - just turn the computer off and stand up. Make a cup of cocoa, go outside and watch the sunset. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] This in part isn't really helpful. Of course there are many possibilities, but part"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kentucky State Police: Home Page of the Kentucky State Police Kentucky State Police: Home Page of the Kentucky State Police [PAR] Trooper Teddy Bear Program [PAR] [PAR] The Trooper Teddy Bear Project came to life in December of 1989 after Kentucky First Lady Martha Wilkinson hosted a gala fundraiser at Red Mile Racecourse earlier that summer. The black tie event raised the needed funds to purchase 2,000 Trooper Teddy Bears. The concept of the program was for Troopers to provide stuffed animals to children during traumatic experiences such as a car crash, child or sexual abuse cases and also distribute to terminally ill children. The first allotment of bears included a personal note on each stuffed animal from First Lady Wilkinson. KSP partnered with the Indiana State Police with this effort and they too passed out Trooper Bears. The program ran out of funding in early 2000 until recently when KSP was able to utilize asset forfeiture funds from criminal drug activity to purchase bears. The agency plans to sustain the program by offering the bears for sale to the public."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HTG Explains: Understanding Routers, Switches, and Network ... Understanding Routers, Switches, and Network Hardware [PAR] Understanding Routers, Switches, and Network Hardware [PAR] Today we\u2019re taking a look at the home networking hardware: what the individual pieces do, when you need them, and how best to deploy them. Read on to get a clearer picture of what you need to optimize your home network. [PAR] When do you need a switch? A hub? What exactly does a router do? Do you need a router if you have a single computer? Network technology can be quite an arcane area of study but armed with the right terms and a general overview of how devices function on your home network you can deploy your network with confidence. [PAR] Understanding Home Networking Through Network Diagrams [PAR] Rather than start off with a glossary of networking terms\u2014and in the process slam you with a technical terms with no easy point of reference\u2014let\u2019s dive right into looking at network diagrams. Here is the simplest network configuration available: a computer linked directly to a modem which is in turn linked through a phone line/cable/fiber optic uplink to the individual\u2019s internet service provider. [PAR] It doesn\u2019t get less complicated than this arrangement but there is a price to pay for the ultra-simplicity of the setup. This user cannot access the internet with a Wi-Fi device (thus no access for smart phones, tablets, or other wireless devices) and they lose out on the benefits of having a router between their computer and the greater internet. Let\u2019s introduce a router and highlight the benefits of using one. In the diagram below we\u2019ve introduced two elements to the network: a wireless router and a laptop connecting to the network via that wireless connection. [PAR] When should you use a router? Given the low cost of home routers and the benefits gained from installing one on your network you should always use a router (which almost always includes a firewall feature). [PAR] Home routers are actually a a combination of three networking components: a router, a firewall, and a switch. In a commercial setting the three pieces of hardware are kept separate but consumer routers are almost always a combination of both the routing and switching components with a firewall added in for good measure. First let\u2019s look at what the router function does. [PAR] At the most basic level a router links two networks together, the network within your home (however big or small) and the network outside your home (in this case, the Internet). The broadband modem provided to you by your ISP is only suited to linking a single computer to the internet and usually does not include any sort of routing or switch functionality. A router performs the following functions: [PAR] IP sharing: Your ISP assigns you one IP address. If you have a desktop, a laptop, a media box on your TV, and an iPad, that one IP address clearly isn\u2019t going to cut it. A router manages those multiple connections and ensures that the right packets of information go to the right places. Without this function there would be no way for a person on the desktop and a person on the laptop to both browse the web as there would be no distinguishing between which computer was requesting what. [PAR] Network Address Translation (NAT): Related to the IP sharing function, NAT modifies the headers in packets of information coming into and out of your network so that they get routed to the proper device. Think of NAT like a very helpful receptionist inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does FAQ mean? FAQ Definition. Meaning of FAQ ... What does FAQ mean? FAQ Definition. Meaning of FAQ. OnlineSlangDictionary.com [PAR] noun [PAR] acronym for \"frequently asked question(s)\". Used frequently in computing. [PAR] As part of the documentation work for the next version, we need to update the FAQ list. [PAR] See more words with the same meaning: Internet, texting, SMS, email, chat acronyms (list of) . [PAR] See more words with the same meaning: computer slang . [PAR] Last edited on Nov 08 2011. Submitted by Walter Rader (Editor) from Sacramento, CA, USA on Aug 11 2009 . [PAR] a compiled list of frequently asked questions along with their answers. Prior to the existence of the world-wide web, these would often be posted periodically to discussion lists. [PAR] As part of the documentation work for the next version, we need to update the FAQ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cipher Strength Appears as 0-Bit in Internet Explorer Cipher strength appears as 0-bit in Internet Explorer [PAR] Cipher strength appears as 0-bit in Internet Explorer [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] In Microsoft Internet Explorer, you may experience the following behaviors: [PAR] When you click About Internet Explorer on the Help menu, the Cipher Strength value is 0-bit. [PAR] You cannot connect to and view Web pages on SSL-secured Web sites. [PAR] Cause [PAR] This behavior may occur if the Schannel.dll, Rsabase.dll, or Rsaenh.dll files are missing, damaged, or of the incorrect version. [PAR] Resolution [PAR] To resolve this behavior, use the method that is appropriate for your operating system. [PAR] Method 1: Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition [PAR] Step 1: Rename the Schannel.dll, Rsabase.dll, and Rsaenh.dll files [PAR] Insert the Windows Millennium Edition Startup disk into the floppy drive, and then restart the computer. [PAR] For additional information about how to create a Windows Millennium Edition Startup disk, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: [PAR] 267287 How to create a startup disk in Windows Millennium Edition [PAR] When the Startup menu appears, use the ARROW keys to select [PAR] Start computer with CD-ROM Support, and then press ENTER. [PAR] Note the drive letter of your CD-ROM drive. [PAR] At the command prompt, type the following lines, and then press ENTER after each line. [PAR] Note C: is the drive where Windows is installed: [PAR] C: [PAR] cd windows\\system [PAR] Rename the Schannel.dll, Rsabase.dll, and Rsaenh.dll files (if they are present) by using the .old file name extension. To do this, type the following command lines, and then press ENTER after each line: [PAR] ren schannel.dll schannel.old [PAR] Step 4: Reregister the Schannel.dll, Rsabase.dll, Rsaenh.dll, Security.dll, and Secur32.dll files [PAR] Note Follow these steps separately for each of the files that you reregister. [PAR] Click Start, and then click Run. [PAR] In the Open box, type one of the following commands (for the file that you are re-registering), and then click OK. [PAR] drive:\\windows\\system\\regsvr32.exe c:\\windows\\system\\schannel.dll [PAR] drive:\\windows\\system\\regsvr32.exe c:\\windows\\system\\rsabase.dll [PAR] drive:\\windows\\system\\regsvr32.exe c:\\windows\\system\\rsaenh.dll [PAR] drive:\\windows\\system\\regsvr32.exe c:\\windows\\system\\security.dll [PAR] drive:\\windows\\system\\regsvr32.exe c:\\windows\\system\\secur32.dll [PAR] Note drive is the drive where Windows is installed [PAR] Click OK when you receive the \"DllRegisterServer in file name succeeded\" message. [PAR] Step 5: Verify the cipher strength in Internet Explorer [PAR] Start Internet Explorer, and then click About Internet Explorer on the Help menu. Verify that the Cipher Strength value is 128-bit. [PAR] Method 2: Microsoft Windows 98, Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition [PAR] Click Start, point to Settings, click Folder Options, and then click the View tab. [PAR] In the Advanced settings box, click Show all files, clear the [PAR] Hide file extensions for known file types check box (if it is selected), and then click OK. [PAR] Start Windows Explorer, and then locate the [PAR] drive:\\Windows\\System folder. [PAR] Note drive is the drive where Windows is installed. [PAR] Rename the Schannel.dll, Rsabase.dll, and Rsaenh.dll files (if they exist) by using the .old file name extension. To do this, follow these steps: [PAR] Right-click the Schannel.dll file, and then click Rename. [PAR] Type schannel.old, and then press ENTER. [PAR] Repeat steps 2a through 2b to rename the Rsabase.dll and Rsaenh.dll files to Rsabase.old and Rsaenh.old. [PAR] Reinstall Internet Explorer. To do this, use the method that is appropriate for your version of Internet Explorer: [PAR] Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 [PAR] Download and install Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, or reinstall Microsoft Internet Explorer 6. To do this, visit the following Microsoft Web site:[DOC] [TLE] Internet Explorer 10 privacy statement - Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Online Study Guide - Pearson Higher Ed Online Study Guide [PAR] Online Study Guide [PAR] This activity contains 25 questions. [PAR] Microsoft Internet Explorer is an example of a Web ____________. [PAR] [PAR] popup [PAR] site map [PAR] Some Web sites have a(n) ____________ that serves as a table of contents for the Web site and helps users find links by category. [PAR] [PAR] Home button [PAR] address bar [PAR] When a user types a Web address in the address bar and presses Enter, a message is received indicating the page cannot be displayed. The user should try all of the following to fix the potential problem EXCEPT: [PAR] [PAR] review the Web address to make sure it was typed correctly. [PAR] type in another address as the Web site might not be available. [PAR] check the Internet connection. [PAR] call the 1-800 number that displays on the screen. [PAR] When visiting some Web pages, users will experience a small window that covers part of the page. This window is known as a ____________. [PAR] [PAR] search window [PAR] popup [PAR] When visiting a site that displays weather information, if the page displays information about last week's weather, the user may click the ____________ button to try and update the page. [PAR] [PAR] Forward [PAR] Refresh [PAR] If the user clicks a link that was previously visited and listed on the left of the page, he or she would be using the ____________ pane. [PAR] [PAR] Folders [PAR] History [PAR] If while ordering airline tickets, you find a site that works really well and seems to be something you would use again, it would probably be a link you would add to your ____________ list. [PAR] [PAR] Which steps would be used to add a link to Internet Explorer's Favorites list? [PAR] [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, Favorites tab, Add, OK [PAR] Favorites, Add to Favorites, OK [PAR] Tools, Add to Favorites, OK [PAR] File, Save As, Web Page, OK [PAR] After selecting text on a Web page and copying it to the clipboard, a user can switch to a new location and then click ____________ to transfer the data into that document. [PAR] [PAR] Some Web sites divide pages into individual ____________ or windows. [PAR] [PAR] bookmarks [PAR] site maps [PAR] Which menu options would be selected in Internet Explorer to change the homepage that will display each time a browser is opened? [PAR] [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, Privacy tab [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, General tab [PAR] To restrict a browser to NOT allow any cookies, what menu options would be selected to change the settings? [PAR] [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, General tab, drag slider bar down, OK [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, Privacy tab, drag slider bar up, OK [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, Security tab, drag slider bar up, OK [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, Privacy tab, drag slider bar down, OK [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, General tab, drag slider bar up, OK [PAR] Tools, Internet Options, Security tab, drag slider bar down, OK [PAR] Which of the following would NOT be an example of a phrase with a Boolean operator? [PAR] [PAR] snow OR rain [PAR] snow OR (rain AND fog) [PAR] Which one of these phrases would most likely have the most matches on a search engine? [PAR] [PAR] rain AND fog AND snow [PAR] rain [PAR] What menu options would be selected to see the Back, Forward, and Print buttons on the Standard toolbar that has been turned off? [PAR] [PAR] View, Toolbars, AOL [PAR] View, Toolbars, Standard Buttons [PAR] One of the most popular if"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Czech Pronunciation - Travlang Czech Pronunciation [PAR] Czech Pronunciation [PAR] Czech spelling is amoung the most phonetic of all European languages. This means that you need not worry how to pronounce each new word because the letters or combination of letters consistantly represent the sound. The following are a few important points to remember about Czech spelling. [PAR] Czech has two accents which HTML cannot accomodate: when a letter is followed by a ^ (for example c^) it means there is an upsidedown caret on top of the letter ( [PAR] ). And u* means a u with a small circle above it. [PAR] VOWELS: [PAR] LETTER PRONUNCIATION a as in the 'u' in luck e as in the 'e' in bet i,y as in the 'i' in sit o as in the 'o' in cost u as in the 'oo' in look [PAR] These same vowels can be also marked by a slash (or a little circle) above them and are pronounced a little bit longer: [PAR] ACCENTED VOWELS: [PAR] LETTER PRONUNCIATION \u00e1 as in the 'a' in father \u00e9 as in the 'ea' in bear \u00ed,\u00fd as in the 'ee' in meet \u00f3 as in the 'a' in ball \u00fa, u* as in the 'oo' in soon [PAR] The following letters have a 'caret' above them and have the following english equivelents: [PAR] LETTER[DOC] [TLE] Pronounce oo sound \u2014 Pronuncian: American English ... Pronounce oo sound \u2014 Pronuncian: American English Pronunciation [PAR] How to pronounce the 'oo sound' /u/ [PAR] 'oo sound' illustration [PAR] To create the 'oo sound' /u/, the lips are pulled into a tense, small circle. In addition, the back of the tongue is raised to a high position and sides of the tongue may touch the top teeth at the back of the mouth. [PAR] Listen to the 'oo sound'"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BlockSender Bounces Email Back to the Sender - Lifehacker BlockSender Bounces Email Back to the Sender [PAR] BlockSender Bounces Email Back to the Sender [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Chrome: Gmail does an excellent job of blocking spam, but sometimes you just want to go the extra mile and prevent some mail from ever reaching your account. BlockSender is a Chrome Extension for Gmail that can trick the sender into thinking your email address is incorrect. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Many spammers won't necessarily recognize the \"bounced\" email return message, but you do get the satisfaction of doing something to let them know the email isn't welcome. The best case scenario for BlockSender is when an individual is sending you email, and they aren't respecting your request for \"do not contact.\" When they get the bounced message from BlockSender, they'll think they have the wrong email address for you. Hopefully after that, they'll stop pestering you. [PAR] The individual plan only blocks a few emails a month and only on personal Gmail accounts, but is free. The Premium Plan for $4.99/month for $29/year has unlimited blocking and works with Google Apps as well personal Gmail accounts. Check out the video above for more. [PAR] Advertisement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 5 Information Systems Software - University of Missouri ... 5 Information Systems Software [PAR] Processing programs or transactions in batches, without a user's interaction. [PAR] Time Sharing [PAR] Systems providing interactive processing by allocating a short time slice for the use of the server to each user in turn. [PAR] Real-time Processing [PAR] Systems that respond to an event within a fixed time interval; used for example, in manufacturing plants or to collect data from several pieces of equipment in a laboratory. [PAR] With the move toward multiprocessors, in which several (or even many) processors are configured in a single computer system, multiprocessing operating systems have been designed to allocate the work to the multiple processors. These systems also support multiprogramming, which allows many programs to compete for the processors. [PAR] Operating Systems for Personal Computers [PAR] The operating systems of personal computers which are dedicated to a single user are vastly simpler than the operating systems running larger machines, to which hundreds or thousands of users may have simultaneous access. One important capability an operating system can offer in a personal computing environment is multitasking: the ability to run several tasks at once on behalf of a user. [PAR] The most popular microcomputer operating systems are: [PAR] Windows 95 - Windows 95 is an advanced operating system [PAR] - graphical user interface [PAR] 2. Menu drive [PAR] 3. Graphical User Interface (GUI) [PAR] The most popular graphical user interface is that provided by Windows 95. The Windows environment has become a standard platform for computers. [PAR] The Goal of Open Systems [PAR] A drive is to use open systems in organizational computing, so that the software and hardware of any vendor can operate with those of any other, calls for an operating system that would run on any hardware platform. The term Aopen system@ is used as the opposite of proprietary systems of a specific manufacturer. [PAR] In open systems, organizations want portability, scalability, and interoperability of applications software. [PAR] Portable application: can be moved from one computer system to another. [PAR] Scalable application: is one that can be moved without significant reprogramming. [PAR] Interoperability: means that machines of various vendors and capabilities can work together to produce needed information. [PAR] 5.3 Personal Productivity Software [PAR] Personal productivity software is the most common applications software. Run on personal computers, these programs assist the user in a certain range of tasks. Taken together with professional support systems and systems supporting groupwork, personal productivity software is a potent enabler of today's knowledge work. [PAR] Functions of Personal Productivity Software [PAR] [Figure 5.3][Slide 5-4] [PAR] Personal productivity software [PAR] enhances its user's performance on a specific range of common tasks. This software supports database management and analysis, authoring and presentation, and activity and notes tracking. All these are software applications. Data management is supported by database management systems, while spreadsheet software assists in data analysis. For the needs of authoring and presentation, users employ the applications software for word processing, desktop publishing, presentation, and multimedia authoring. Personal information management software is used to track activities and personal notes. Communications software enables the user to connect to a telecommunications network in order to exchange information with other users or systems. Web browsers are used to access the resources of the Internet's World Wide Web. [PAR] Spreadsheets [PAR] Electronic spreadsheet [PAR] packages are programs that are used for analysis, planning, and modelling. They provide electronic replacement for more traditional tools such as paper worksheets, pencils, and calculators. In a worksheet of rows and columns are stored in the computer's memory and displayed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] R.I.P. Netscape - eweek.com R.I.P. Netscape [PAR] R.I.P. Netscape [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Opinion: The first truly popular Web browser is finally buried years after \"winning\" its battle with Microsoft's Internet Explorer. [PAR] Netscape, the Web browser that opened up not only the Web, but the entire Internet to mass use, is dead. It died after a long decline caused by its murderer, Microsofts Internet Explorer. It was only 15 years ago that only a handful of nerds knew about the Internet and the Web. Even after CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) opened up the Internet for business in 1991, only the kinds of people who now use Linux were using the Internet. Then, two graduate students at the NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications), Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, created the first easy-to-use Web browser, Mosaic, in early 1993. It wasnt that easy to install, though. In 1994, for example, I wrote a how-to feature on installing Mosaic . [PAR] While I was writing that story, Andreessen was busy making it outdated. He got together with venture capitalist Jim Clark to create a company, briefly called Mosaic Communications, but which quickly changed its name, and the name of its browser, to one all early Internet users know: Netscape. [PAR] In October 1994, Netscape released Mosaic Netscape 0.9 and the Internet would never be the same. Anyone could install this browser on almost any operating system. Within months, the Internet we now know and use every day was springing into existence. Thanks to Netscape innovations, the static Web site was quickly augmented by RSS feeds and dynamic JavaScript-powered Web pages. When Netscape entered the stock market in 1995, any idea that the Web was simply the newest technology toy was dispelled by eager stock buyers who pushed Netscapes stock up to near-record first-day highs. Fueled by endless hunger for Internet access, Netscape went from a startup to a billion dollar company at a rate that was unthinkable to the pre-Internet stock market. In the meantime, Microsoft, which had dismissed the Internet as a fad, was caught flat-footed. Now, Microsoft would like us to forget that it was never an Internet innovator, but has always been playing catch-up. If you doubt me, find a first edition of Bill Gates book \"The Road Ahead.\" Of more than 300 pages on the future of computing, only about nine even touch on the Internet and the Web. Microsoft finally decided it had to get on the Internet or it would be as relevant as a buggy-whip manufacturer after Ford produced the Model T. Its response was to release Internet Explorer 1.0, which was based on the Spyglass variant of Mosaic. With Netscape owning 80 percent of the Web browser market, Microsoft decided it was time for drastic action. First, it would make IE free, and second it would start bundling it with its new operating system, Windows 95. At the same time, Microsoft would strong-arm PC vendors into putting the new operating system and its browser on all their PCs. Clearly, Microsoft hoped that by using its monopoly powers it would accomplish two things. The first was to destroy Netscape, and the other was to avoid to paying Spyglass for IE. You see, Spyglass had foolishly signed a contract guaranteeing the company revenue from IE sales. Microsoft claimed that since IE was both free and part of the operating system, it didnt owe Spyglass a dime of continuing revenue. Both Netscape and Spyglass sued Microsoft. Both won. Neither company exists today. To start with the lesser-known story, Spyglass won $8 million for its troubles"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newbie | Define Newbie at Dictionary.com Newbie | Define Newbie at Dictionary.com [PAR] newbie [PAR] [noo-bee, nyoo\u2010] /\u02c8nu bi, \u02c8nyu\u2010/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a newcomer or novice, especially an inexperienced user of the Internet or of computers in general. [PAR] Origin of newbie [PAR] 1965-70, Americanism; perhaps newb(orn) + -ie [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for newbie [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] Michael Steinbrick, a personal trainer with New York Sports Clubs, says he can always spot a newbie. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for newbie [PAR] Expand [PAR] (slang) a newcomer, esp in computing or on the internet [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C20: origin unknown; possibly from new boy [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for newbie [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] \"newcomer, new person to an existing situation,\" by 1969, from new with diminutive or derogatory suffix. Perhaps originally U.S. military slang. Cf. noob . Middle English had newing \"a new thing\" (early 15c.); new was used as a noun meaning \"naval cadet during first training on a ship\" (1909); and newie \"new thing\" is recorded from 1947. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper [PAR] Slang definitions & phrases for newbie [PAR] Expand [PAR] newbie [PAR] noun [PAR] A person new to computers and computer networks; computer neophyte: You'd copy it because you didn't want to seem like a newbie (read: clueless computer rookie)/ Newbies sometimes get flamed just because they are new (1990s+ Computer) [PAR] The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D. [PAR] Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers.[DOC] [TLE] What is newbie? - Definition from WhatIs.com Part of the Computing fundamentals glossary: [PAR] A newbie ( pronounced NOO-bee ) is a novice or neophyte: anyone who is new to any particular type of endeavor, such as a sport or a technology. The term is commonly applied to new users of personal computers and to new users of the Internet. According to Eric Raymond's The New Hacker's Dictionary , Newbie is a variant of the English public school term, new boy , someone in the first year or period of school. The term predates the Web and has been used for some time in Usenet newsgroups. Glenn Connery reports that he used the term in 1990 as a participant in Internet chatting group. [PAR] Newb , noob , and n00b , (the central characters in the latter term are zeroes, visually suggestive of a pair of wide eyes) are commonly used short forms. Noob and n00b are sometimes used to indicate a newbie who has unwarranted confidence in their knowledge and/or abilities . [PAR] This was last updated in August 2005 [PAR] Contributor(s): Glenn Connery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Secret Gmail Features You Didn't Know Existed 7 Secret Gmail Features You Didn't Know Existed | The Huffington Post [PAR] 7 Secret Gmail Features You Didn't Know Existed [PAR] 02/19/2014 01:08 pm ET | Updated Feb 19, 2014 [PAR] 4.7k [PAR] Alexis Kleinman Deputy Managing Editor Of Impact & Innovation, The Huffington Post [PAR] Let's be real: Most of us are pretty dependent on our email. I mean, don't you guys often wake up to an inbox that looks like this? [PAR] No?? Remember: No matter how full your inbox is, somebody else always has a crazier one than you do. And even if you think you know everything there is to know about Gmail, the email service near and dear to our hearts, there's always a trick or two you may not have heard of. We've compiled the seven best Gmail secrets below. From deleting your entire inbox in one click (we clearly could use this one) to tracking which sites are giving out your contact info, check out these handy tips: [PAR] 1. The dots in your Gmail address don't matter [PAR] You can email JohnDoe@Gmail.com, John.Doe@Gmail.com or J.o.h.n.D.o.e.@Gmail.com and they would all go to the same place . The periods in your email address are actually totally meaningless. [PAR] 2. You can hit the snooze button on your Gmail [PAR] Using the free Gmail app Boomerang , you can open an email and set it to return to your inbox in a set amount of time. [PAR] 3. Find out if your Gmail address has been spread and by whom [PAR] If you add a \"+\" sign and then any words into your Gmail address , it still works. For example, if you were to subscribe to a shopping site and your email address is JohnDoe@Gmail.com, you could use the email address JohnDoe+Shopping@Gmail.com to sign up. You'll still get your emails and you'll be able to filter them more easily by which address emails are sent to. Plus, if you get any emails from another site to JohnDoe+Shopping@Gmail.com, you'll know who gave your email address out. [PAR] 4. You can get desktop notifications for emails [PAR] If you're an obsessive email checker, Gmail can pop up with little notifications on your desktop when you get an email. You can set it to notify you when you get any email, or just when you get emails that are labeled \"important.\" Just click the gear icon in your inbox, go to Settings, and scroll down to Desktop Notifications. [PAR] 5. You can delete the entire contents of your inbox [PAR] Ready for some spring cleaning? It's pretty easy to erase all of your emails. In your inbox, you'll see the number of emails you're viewing. For me, it says \"1-25 of 19,752.\" Click on that to \"show more messages.\" From there, click the little checkbox on the top left and select \"All.\" From there, Gmail will ask if you really mean to select all of the messages in your inbox. [PAR] After you've chosen literally every single message in your inbox, just click the trashcan to delete the messages. [PAR] 6. You can un-send emails [PAR] There's nothing worse than sending an email and immediately realizing that it had a typo in it or you sent it to the wrong person. Thankfully, there's a way to avoid that shame. Gmail has a \"lab\" that gives you a few seconds between the moment you hit the send button and the moment it actually sends and allows you to stop an email from sending. All you have to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are malware, viruses, Spyware, and cookies, and what ... What are malware, viruses, Spyware, and cookies, and what differentiates them ? | Symantec Connect [PAR] What are malware, viruses, Spyware, and cookies, and what differentiates them ? [PAR] Created: 25 Jun 2009 \u2022 Updated: 02 Jul 2009 | 22 comments [PAR] Language Translations [PAR] Tweet [PAR] What are malware, viruses, Spyware, and cookies, and what differentiates them ? [PAR] \"Malware\" is short for malicious software and used as a single term to refer to virus, spy ware, worm etc. Malware is designed to cause damage to a stand alone computer or a networked pc. So wherever a malware term is used it means a program which is designed to damage your computer it may be a virus, worm or Trojan. [PAR] Worms:- [PAR] Worms are malicious programs that make copies of themselves again and again on the local drive, network shares, etc. The only purpose of the worm is to reproduce itself again and again. It doesn\u2019t harm any data/file on the computer. Unlike a virus, it does not need to attach itself to an existing program. Worms spread by exploiting vulnerabilities in operating systems [PAR] Examples of worm are: - W32.SillyFDC.BBY [PAR] Packed.Generic.236 [PAR] W32.Troresba [PAR] Due to its replication nature it takes a lot of space in the hard drive and consumes more cpu uses which in turn makes the pc too slow also consumes more network bandwidth. [PAR] Virus:- [PAR] Virus is a program written to enter to your computer and damage/alter your files/data. A virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer. Viruses can also replicate themselves. A computer Virus is more dangerous than a computer worm as it makes changes or deletes your files while worms only replicates itself with out making changes to your files/data. [PAR] Examples of virus are: - W32.Sfc!mod [PAR] ABAP.Rivpas.A [PAR] Accept.3773 [PAR] Viruses can enter to your computer as an attachment of images, greeting, or audio / video files. Viruses also enters through downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in a free/trial softwares or other files that you download. [PAR] So before you download anything from internet be sure about it first. Almost all viruses are attached to an executable file, which means the virus may exist on your computer but it actually cannot infect your computer unless you run or open the malicious program. It is important to note that a virus cannot be spread without a human action, such as running an infected program to keep it going. [PAR] Virus is of different types which are as follows. [PAR] 1) File viruses [PAR] 3) Master boot record viruses [PAR] 4) Boot sector viruses [PAR] 6) Polymorphic viruses [PAR] 7) Stealth viruses [PAR] File Virus:-This type of virus normally infects program files such as .exe, .com, .bat. Once this virus stays in memory it tries to infect all programs that load on to memory. [PAR] Macro Virus: - These type of virus infects word, excel, PowerPoint, access and other data files. Once infected repairing of these files is very much difficult. [PAR] Master boot record files: - MBR viruses are memory-resident viruses and copy itself to the first sector of a storage device which is used for partition tables or OS loading programs .A MBR virus will infect this particular area of Storage device instead of normal files. The easiest way to remove a MBR virus is to clean the MBR area, [PAR] Boot sector virus: - Boot sector virus infects the boot sector of a HDD or FDD. These are also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love Is... | Love is... Commercial Love Is... | Love is... Commercial [PAR] Home [PAR] ...originally a private love story [PAR] It all started with shy little love notes from Kim Casali to her future husband, Roberto. Each of these little notes involved a small drawing and a personal sentiment that perfectly captured Kim's thoughts for the man she loved. She would hide these little drawings where he would least expect, sometimes tucked in a pocket or popped under his pillow, and also send them to him whenever they were apart. [PAR] The official Love Is... website! [PAR] Welcome to the official Love Is... website! [PAR] This website is intended for those who are either interested in doing business with the Love Is... brand or are already aboard the Love Is... boat! If you would like to be part of the syndication or licensing (merchandise) programs, please refer to the Contact & Agents section. [PAR] For those already aboard, they will find behind this site a complete and continually updated style guide for the Property. [PAR] A website for the fans will be made available in the future. [PAR] Love Is... goes Mobile! [PAR] The \"Love Is... Mobile\" app is a free application that brings the charm and magic of the classic cartoons to your mobile and tablet devices. [PAR] > [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] \u00a9 2009 Minikim Holland B.V. [PAR] All intellectual property rights in \"Love Is\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\" and its associated characters, logos, sayings and artwork are owned by Minikim Holland B.V. and may not be used without prior, authorised permission."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inventor Will Keith Kellogg Biography - Idea Finder Inventor Will Keith Kellogg Biography [PAR] Inventor: [PAR] Will Keith Kellogg [PAR] Criteria; First to invent. First practical. Entrepreneur. Birth: April 7, 1860 in Battle Creek, Michigan Death: October 6, 1951 in Battle Creek, Michigan Nationality: American [PAR] Invention: [PAR] Kellogg's Corn Flakes\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Function: noun / breakfast cereal Definition: A crisp, flaky, commercially prepared cold cereal made from coarse cornmeal. To be used as a breakfast food. Trademark: #73586717 (US) first used in commerce 12/22/1925 Milestones: [PAR] 1860 Born in Battle Creek, Michigan [PAR] 1894 Invented cereal flakes as a healthy food [PAR] 1990 started mail-order business called the Sanitas Food Company [PAR] 1906 founded the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flakes Co., the world\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds first ready-to-eat cereal co. [PAR] 1930 founded the W. K. Kellogg Foundation [PAR] 1951 Died in Battle Creek, Michigan [PAR] CAPS: Kellogg, Kellogg's, Will Keith Kellogg, John Harvey Kellogg, Battle Creek Michigan, Sanitas Food Company, Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flakes Co., Kellogg Company, ARY, invention, cereal, corn flakes, Kellogg's' corn flakes, cornflakes, SIP, history, biography, inventor. The Story: [PAR] Will Keith Kellogg, creator of the cereal company and the foundation that bears his name, led three professional \"lives\" while making his mark on Battle Creek, Michigan and the world. Born April 7, 1860, Will Keith Kellogg lacked a formal education beyond the sixth grade. When he died Oct. 6, 1951, at the age of 91, he had amassed a fortune and enriched the lives of people in his hometown, and millions of people around the world. [PAR] The world-renowned benefactor and cereal industry leader began as a clerk at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, also known as the San. It was there, searching for a vegetarian diet for patients, that he discovered cereal flakes. His first job was as a stock-boy, followed by the life of a traveling broom salesman in his late teens. He finally went to work as a young man in the San, where his older brother, John Harvey Kellogg, was physician-in-chief. Will Kellogg was bookkeeper and manager of the world-famous hospital, which put virtually any task outside of medicine under his purview. [PAR] For years he assisted his brother in research aimed at improving the vegetarian diet of the San's patients, especially the search for a digestible bread-substitute by the process of boiling wheat. They never achieved their basic purpose, but stumbled on a major dividend. In 1894, Will Kellogg accidentally left a pot of boiled wheat to stand and become tempered. When it was put through the usual rolling process, each grain of wheat emerged as a large, thin flake. Will persuaded his brother to serve the food in flake form, and it was an immediate favorite among the patients. [PAR] Soon it was being packaged to meet hundreds of mail order requests from persons after they left the San. Because John Kellogg had little interest in such matters, his brother added another task to his long list of responsibilities: that of managing the burgeoning packaged food enterprise. Using his sense of economics, an understanding of marketing techniques and hard work Kellogg constantly increased production, advertising budgets and sales. He expanded his business to Australia in 1924, guided the cereal company through the Depression (he increased advertising while others cut back), and brought Kellogg's cereal into England in 1938. [PAR] W. K.. Kellogg, who at 46 founded the Kellogg Company, was never comfortable with his riches. In the 1920s, when many captains of industry were building castle-sized summer \"cottages\" with 40-car garages, Kellogg lived a comparatively modest life. Even as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dionne Warwick - Biography - IMDb Dionne Warwick - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Dionne Warwick [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (32) | Personal Quotes (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Dionne Warwick was born on December 12, 1940 in East Orange, New Jersey, USA as Marie Dionne Warrick. She was previously married to William Elliott . [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] First cousin of Whitney Houston . [PAR] On the advice of her numerologist, she added an \"e\" to her last name and spelled it that way professionally before reverting back to her original spelling. [PAR] Mother of David Elliott , and Damon Elliott . [PAR] Arrested on misdemeanor charge 12 May, 2002 at Miami International Airport for carrying 11 marijuana cigarettes, found in empty lipstick container, less than 5 grams of marijuana. A friend told reporters Warwick uses marijuana to fight effects of glaucoma. On 5 June 2002, AP reports that charges against Warwick were dropped after Miami-Dade County judge agreed to plea bargain deal, which included Warwick's completion of drug treatment program. She did not appear in court, but in a statement said, \"To this day, I am puzzled about exactly what happened at the Miami International Airport. But through the grace of God, I can now put this unpleasant chapter behind me.\" Her plea also included her donation of $250 to a group which supports children born with HIV. Warwick also agreed to make an anti-drug public service announcement directed at youth. [PAR] Celebrity spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network and hostess for its infomercials in the 1990s. [PAR] Ranked #42 on VH1's Greatest Women of Rock N Roll [PAR] Honorary Member of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc. [PAR] Although Warwick had a handful of Top Ten hits during the 1960s, many of her songs were not given the chance to shine. Such songs include \"Any Old Time of the Day,\" \"Here Where There Is Love,\" \"The Wine Is Young,\" \"Check Out Time,\" \"Wives and Lovers,\" \"Only Love Can Break a Heart,\" \"Knowing When to Leave,\" \"(They Long to Be) Close to You,\" \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart,\" \"Let Me Be Lonely,\" \"Forever My Love,\" \"In the Land of Make Believe,\" \"What the World Needs Now Is Love,\" \"The Look of Love,\" and \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\". [PAR] As a teenager, she formed The Gospelaires , with sister Dee Dee Warwick and aunt Cissy Houston . [PAR] Graduated from East Orange High School in East Orange, New Jersey in 1959. [PAR] Was named the U.S. Ambassador of Health in 1987. [PAR] In the 1960s, she worked with Burt Bacharach and Hal David who wrote most of her songs. [PAR] Began singing at age 6 at a Baptist church. [PAR] Attended Karen Carpenter 's funeral on Tuesday, February 8, 1983. The services were held at United Methodist Church in Downey, California. [PAR] Although her real last name is Warrick, on her first hit record, \"Don't Make Me Over\", her record company misspelled her name \"Warwick\" on the label, and she's used it ever since. [PAR] Had a 12-year relationship with actor Gianni Russo best known for appearing as Carlo Rizzi, Connie Corleone's husband, in The Godfather (1972). [PAR] Dionne's younger sister, Dee Dee Warwick , died Saturday October 19, 2008 at a New Jersey nursing home, with her elder sister by her side, after having been in poor health for several months, according to a family spokesman. She was 63. [PAR] She was awarded a Star on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RICHARD MARX - RIGHT HERE WAITING FOR YOU LYRICS RICHARD MARX - RIGHT HERE WAITING FOR YOU LYRICS [PAR] Right Here Waiting For You Lyrics [PAR] Richard Marx - Right Here Waiting For You Lyrics [PAR] Oceans apart, day after day [PAR] And I slowly go insane [PAR] I hear your voice on the line [PAR] But it doesn't stop the pain [PAR] If I see you next to never [PAR] But how can we say forever [PAR] Wherever you go, whatever you do [PAR] I will be right here waiting for you [PAR] Whatever it takes or how my heart breaks [PAR] I will be right here waiting for you [PAR] I took for granted, all the times [PAR] That I thought would last somehow [PAR] I hear the laughter, I taste the tears [PAR] But I can't get near you now [PAR] Oh, can't you see it, baby [PAR] You've got me goin' crazy [PAR] Wherever you go, whatever you do [PAR] I will be right here waiting for you [PAR] Whatever it takes or how my heart breaks [PAR] I will be right here waiting for you [PAR] I wonder how we can survive [PAR] This romance [PAR] But in the end if I'm with you [PAR] I'll take the chance [PAR] Oh, can't you see it, baby [PAR] You've got me goin' crazy [PAR] Wherever you go, whatever you do [PAR] I will be right here waiting for you [PAR] Whatever it takes or how my heart breaks [PAR] I will be right here waiting for you [PAR] Waiting for you [PAR] cannot get any better when it comes to expressing true love..... ;o) [PAR] Miscellaneous Tracklist [PAR] Embed [PAR] Get the embed code [PAR] <table class=\"songlyrics\" style=\"width: 100%; table-layout: fixed;\"><col width=\"40\" /><col /><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\">Richard Marx - Miscellaneous Album Lyrics</th></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">1.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/hold-on-to-the-night-lyrics/\" title=\"Hold On To The Night Lyrics Richard Marx\">Hold On To The Night</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">2.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/miami-2017-lyrics/\" title=\"Miami 2017 Lyrics Richard Marx\">Miami 2017</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">3.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/surrender-to-me-lyrics/\" title=\"Surrender To Me Lyrics Richard Marx\">Surrender To Me</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">4.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/thanks-to-you-lyrics/\" title=\"Thanks To You Lyrics Richard Marx\">Thanks To You</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">5.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/days-in-avalon-lyrics/\" title=\"Days In Avalon Lyrics Richard Marx\">Days In Avalon</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">6.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/shine-lyrics/\" title=\"Shine Lyrics Richard Marx\">Shine</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">7.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/someone-special-lyrics/\" title=\"Someone Special Lyrics Richard Marx\">Someone Special</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">8.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/power-of-you-and-me-lyrics/\" title=\"Power Of You And Me Lyrics Richard Marx\">Power Of You And Me</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">9.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/one-more-time-lyrics/\" title=\"One More Time Lyrics Richard Marx\">One More Time</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">10.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/waiting-on-your-love-lyrics/\" title=\"Waiting On Your Love Lyrics Richard Marx\">Waiting On Your Love</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">11.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/more-than-a-mystery-lyrics/\" title=\"More Than A Mystery Lyrics Richard Marx\">More Than A Mystery</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">12.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/boy-next-door-lyrics/\" title=\"Boy Next Door Lyrics Richard Marx\">Boy Next Door</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">13.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/too-early-to-be-over-lyrics/\" title=\"Too Early To Be Over Lyrics Richard Marx\">Too Early To Be Over</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">14.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/straight-from-the-heart-lyrics/\" title=\"Straight From The Heart Lyrics Richard Marx\">Straight From The Heart</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">15.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/nothing-you-can-do-about-it-lyrics/\" title=\"Nothing You Can Do About It Lyrics Richard Marx\">Nothing You Can Do About It</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">16.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/to-where-you-are-lyrics/\" title=\"To Where You Are Lyrics Richard Marx\">To Where You Are</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">17.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/another-heaven-lyrics/\" title=\"Another Heaven Lyrics Richard Marx\">Another Heaven</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">18.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/at-the-beginning-lyrics/\" title=\"At The Beginning Lyrics Richard Marx\">At The Beginning</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">19.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/beautiful-lyrics/\" title=\"Beautiful Lyrics Richard Marx\">Beautiful</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">20.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/breathless-lyrics/\" title=\"Breathless Lyrics Richard Marx\">Breathless</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">21.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/can-t-help-falling-in-love-lyrics/\" title=\"Can't Help Falling In Love Lyrics Richard Marx\">Can't Help Falling In Love</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">22.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/edge-of-a-broken-heart-lyrics/\" title=\"Edge Of A Broken Heart Lyrics Richard Marx\">Edge Of A Broken Heart</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">23.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/everyday-of-your-life-lyrics/\" title=\"Everyday Of Your Life Lyrics Richard Marx\">Everyday Of Your Life</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">24.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/hands-in-your-pockets-lyrics/\" title=\"Hands In Your Pockets Lyrics Richard Marx\">Hands In Your Pockets</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">25.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/richard-marx/haunt-me-tonight-lyrics/\" title=\"Haunt Me Tonight Lyrics Richard Marx\">Haunt Me"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Orson Welles - Biography - IMDb Orson Welles - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Orson Welles [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 184 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (82) | Personal Quotes (73) | Salary (17) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 1\u00bd\" (1.87 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] His father was a well-to-do inventor, his mother a beautiful concert pianist; Orson Welles was gifted in many arts (magic, piano, painting) as a child. When his mother died (he was seven) he traveled the world with his father. When his father died (he was fifteen) he became the ward of Chicago's Dr. Maurice Bernstein. In 1931, he graduated from the Todd School in Woodstock, Illinois; he turned down college offers for a sketching tour of Ireland. He tried unsuccessfully to enter the London and Broadway stages, traveling some more in Morocco and Spain (where he fought in the bullring). Recommendations by Thornton Wilder and Alexander Woollcott got him into Katherine Cornell's road company, with which he made his New York debut as Tybalt in 1934. The same year, he married, directed his first short, and appeared on radio for the first time. He began working with John Houseman and formed the Mercury Theatre with him in 1937. In 1938, they produced \"The Mercury Theatre on the Air\", famous for its broadcast version of \"The War of the Worlds\" (intended as a Halloween prank). His first film to be seen by the public was Citizen Kane (1941), a commercial failure losing RKO $150,000, but regarded by many as the best film ever made. Many of his next films were commercial failures and he exiled himself to Europe in 1948. In 1956, he directed Touch of Evil (1958); it failed in the United States but won a prize at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair. In 1975, in spite of all his box-office failures, he received the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award, and in 1984, the Directors Guild of America awarded him its highest honor, the D.W. Griffith Award. His reputation as a filmmaker has climbed steadily ever since. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan < stephan@cc.wwu.edu> [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Frequently cast Joseph Cotten , Everett Sloane and Oja Kodar [PAR] Frequently wrote, directed and starred in films that feature the rise and fall of main characters (Charles Foster Kane in Citizen Kane (1941), Gregory Arkadin in _Confidential Report (1955)_, Detective Hank Quinlan in Touch of Evil (1958)) who, in classic Shakespearean style, are unmade by their own vices. [PAR] Known for his use of low camera angles, tracking shots, deep focus and elaborate crane shots in his films. [PAR] Trivia (82) [PAR] Once ate 18 hot dogs in one sitting at Pink's, a Los Angeles hot dog stand. [PAR] Welles' Oscar statuette sold for $861,542, when it was auctioned by Nate D. Sanders Memorabilia on December 20, 2011. [PAR] H.G. Wells was driving through San Antonio, Texas, and stopped to ask the way. The person he happened to ask was none other than Welles', who had recently broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\" on the radio. They got on well and spent the day together. [PAR] ABC-TV wanted him to play Mr. Roarke on Fantasy Island (1977), but the series' producer, Aaron Spelling , insisted on Ricardo Montalban . [PAR] He died on the same day as his The Battle on the River Neretva (1969) co-star Yul Brynner : October 10, 1985. [PAR] Ashes are buried inside an old well covered by flowers, within"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Chaplin Dead at 88 ; Made the Film an Art Form Charlie Chaplin Dead at 88; Made the Film an Art Form [PAR] Charlie Chaplin Dead at 88; Made the Film an Art Form [PAR] By BOSLEY CROWTHER [PAR] harlie Chaplin, the poignant little tramp with the cane and comic walk who almost single-handedly elevated the novelty entertainment medium of motion pictures into art, died peacefully yesterday at his home in Switzerland. He was 88 years old. [PAR] Sir Charles -- he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth in 1975 -- died at 4 A.M., a few hours before his family's traditional Christmas celebration was to begin. [PAR] His wife, Oona, daughter of the playwright Eugene O'Neill, and seven of their children were at the bedside when the comedian died. A daughter, the actress Geraldine Chaplin, was in Madrid making a film, but left immediately to join her family at the Chaplin home at Corsiersur-Vevey, a village near the eastern tip of the Lake of Geneva. [PAR] \"All the presents were under the tree,\" Lady Chaplin told a caller, adding, \"Charlie gave so much happiness and, although he had been ill for a long time, it is so sad that he should have passed away on Christmas day.\" [PAR] \"He died of old age,\" said Dr. Henri Perrier, the Chaplin family physician. \"His death was peaceful and calm.\" A source close to the family said Sir Charles had been given oxygen because of breathing trouble in recent days. [PAR] In a statement, Lady Chaplin said the funeral would be private and restricted to the immediate family. A family spokesman said the funeral might be held in England but that burial would probably be in Switzerland, Sir Charles's home since his self-imposed exile from the United States in 1952. [PAR] Sir Charles had been in failing health for many years. He was confined to a wheelchair and his speech, hearing and sight were impaired. During the last year, he left his secluded 20-room villa only for an occasional drive into Vevey with his wife. Local people caught an occasional glimpse of the famous actor waiting in his blue-and-silver Rolls- Royce while his wife, 35 year his junior, purchased English newspapers and magazines, which she read to him later. [PAR] His last public appearance took place last fall when he attended a circus performance in Vevey. He wore a soft hat pulled down over his forehead and thick-lensed glasses that hid most of his face. He shook hands with one of the clowns at the end of the performance. [PAR] No motion picture actor so captured and enthralled the world as did Charles Spencer Chaplin, a London ragamuffin who became an immortal artist for his deft and effective humanization of man's tragicomic conflicts with fate. In more than 80 movies from 1914 to 1967, he either portrayed or elaborated (he was a writer and director as well as an actor) the theme of the little fellow capriciously knocked about by life, but not so utterly battered that he did not pick himself up in the hope that the next encounter would turn out better. [PAR] His harassed but gallant Everyman was the Little Tramp, part clown, part social outcast, part philosopher. He was \"forever seeking romance, but his feet won't let him,\" Chaplin once explained, indicating that romance connoted not so much courtship as the fulfillment of fancy. [PAR] Stumble Chaplin's Everyman might, but he always managed to maintain his dignity and self-respect. Moreover, he sometimes felled a Goliath through superb agility, a little bit of luck and a touch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV ACRES: Quotations > Languages & Phrases > Science ... TV ACRES: Quotations > Languages & Phrases > Science Fiction > Orkan Language (Mork & Mindy) [PAR] [PAR] Sci-Fi Languages & Phrases [PAR] Orkan Language - Robin Williams played Mork , a zany alien from the planet Ork, who visited Earth on the sci-fi comedy MORK AND MINDY/ABC/1978-82. [PAR] Mindy McConnell and Mork from Ork [PAR] The following is a list of a few Orkan words with translations: [PAR] Bleem - Distance of a billion light years or 2000 earth years on the planet Ork [PAR] Brandels or Grebbels - Orkan money [PAR] Frizbat - Capital of Planet Ork [PAR] Gleek Recharging Device - Shaped like a small egg used by Mork to recharge his life force every 2000 years [PAR] Kayo - Okay [PAR] Krell - a period of time-5000 Earth years [PAR] Nimnul - Dummy or Idiot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A-Z World Airports Online - Cape Verde airports - Amilcar ... A-Z World Airports Online - Cape Verde airports - Amilcar Cabral International Airport (SID/GVAC) [PAR] Amilcar Cabral International Airport (SID/GVAC) [PAR] Sal Airport, Cape Verde, PO Box 58, Espargos, Sal Island, Cape Verde [PAR] Sal Airport, Cape Verde, Airport Administration, Espargos, Sal Island, Cape Verde [PAR] Tel: +238 241 1394, +238 241 1468, +238 241 1135, +238 241 1309 [PAR] Tel: (Operations) +238 241 1372 [PAR] Fax: (Pres Board Directors) +238 241 1570 [PAR] Fax: (Finance and Planning) +238 241 1323 [PAR] email: [PAR] Managing Director: Americo Medina +238 00 238 991 9363 [PAR] Operations Director: Paulino Brito [PAR] Cargo Manager: Nidia Spencer Lima [PAR] Air Traffic Controller: Jose Cabral [PAR] Security Manager: Jo\u00e3o Monteiro +238 00 238 991 2804 [PAR] Operator: ASA S.A [PAR] Airport Data: International, Espargos 2km (1mile), Position 16\u00b044\u00b429\"N, 022\u00b056\u00b458\"W, Elevation 54m (177ft), 24 hours, 1 Passenger Terminal, 1 Cargo Terminal, 5 Aircraft Stands [PAR] Customs Tel: +238 241 1222 [PAR] Fax: +238 241 1222 [PAR] Espargos Customs Director: Joao Teixeira [PAR] Traffic [PAR] Airfield Data: 2 Runways, Fire Category 9 [PAR] Emergency Services: SOSS [PAR] Noise Restrictions: None [PAR] Aircraft Maintenance: Minor Repairs [PAR] Runway 1: Heading 01/19, 3 272m (10 734ft), PCN 58/F/A/W/T, ICAO Cat. E, Aircraft size max: B747, Lighting: Approach CAT II, PAPI [PAR] Runway 2: Heading 07/25, 1 500m (4 921ft), PCN 58/F/A/W/T, ICAO Cat. C, Aircraft size max: B747, No Lighting [PAR] Cargo Facilities: Capacity 4 020tonnes (8 862,000lbs), Bonded Warehouse, Transit Zone, Domestic Cargo Only, Free Port/Foreign Trade Zone, Mechanical Handling, Refrigerated Storage, Deep Freeze Storage, Fresh Meat Inspection, Health Officials, X-Ray Equipment, Express/Courier Centre, Handling Equipment: 7 loaders, 8 goods-lifts [PAR] Passenger Facilities: 9 check-in desks, 4 gates, 1 baggage claim belt, short term parking spaces, long term parking spaces, Min. Connection Times Intl-Intl: 60mins, Dom-Intl: 60mins, Dom-Dom: 30mins, Post Office, Bank, Auto Exchange Machine, Restaurants, Cafeterias, Bars, VIP Lounge, Duty Free Shop, Newsagent/Tobacconist, Gift Shop, Travel Agent, Tourist Help Desk, Car Rental, Taxi Service/Rank, First Aid [PAR] Branch Offices -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From The 'Oprah Show' Archives: Michael Jackson Shares His ... From The 'Oprah Show' Archives: Michael Jackson Shares His Life Purpose In 1993 (VIDEO) | The Huffington Post [PAR] From The 'Oprah Show' Archives: Michael Jackson Shares His Life Purpose In 1993 (VIDEO) [PAR] 06/25/2014 10:49 am ET | Updated Jun 25, 2014 [PAR] 220 [PAR] OWN [PAR] Wednesday marks the fifth anniversary of Michael Jackson's tragic sudden death in his home at age 50. As Jackson family members and fans around the world pay tribute the late pop star, his legacy lives on through his children , music and rare candid interviews about his complicated life, like the one he gave Oprah in 1993. [PAR] Back then, Jackson had invited Oprah to his California home, Neverland Ranch, for his first interview in more than 14 years. During the conversation, the King of Pop revealed his deepest desire and life's purpose. [PAR] In the above video from \"The Oprah Show\" archives, Oprah asked Jackson what it feels like to have legions of loyal fans screaming for him and cheering wildly when he performs. [PAR] \"[It feels like] love,\" Jackson told her. \"I feel lots of love. I feel blessed and honored to be able to be an instrument of nature that was chosen to give them that.\" [PAR] Giving the world music, he added, was why he was put on this earth. \"My purpose, I think, [is] to give in the best way I can -- through song, through dance, through music,\" Jackson said. \"I am committed to my art.\" [PAR] Jackson explained that art in any form acts as a union between the material and the spiritual, the human and the divine. \"I believe that to be the reason for the very existence of art, and I feel I was chosen as an instrument to give music and love and harmony to the world,\" he told Oprah. [PAR] \"What do you want the world to know about you most?\" Oprah asked. [PAR] Jackson answered that he wanted to be known for being a great artist. \"I love when I do and I love people to love what I do,\" he said. \"I just simply want to be loved, wherever I go.\" [PAR] More on Michael Jackson:[DOC] [TLE] 1993 interview with Oprah - ALL MICHAEL JACKSON. com ALL Michael Jackson Oprah Interview [PAR] ALL MICHAEL JACKSON. com [PAR] Michael Jackson Interview with Oprah Winfrey [PAR] On Febuarary 10th Feburary 1993 Oprah Winfrey was allowed access into the world of Michael Jackson in his home at the Neverland Ranch. It was Michael's first interview in 14 years. [PAR] As support he had the company of his very good friend and Hollywood film star, Elizabeth Taylor. Although early in the interview Michael stated he wasn't nervours and that \"I never get nervous\". [PAR] At the start of the interview Oprah stated that Michael had agreed to be questioned on any aspect of his life. Oprah questioned Michael on many apsects of his life. About his childhood and the abuse he suffered from his father as well as working and missing out in his childhood years. Michael stated how he often felt very lonely as a childhood star. [PAR] \"I would do my schooling which was three hours with a tutor and right after that I would go to the recording studio and record, and I'd record for hours and hours until it's time to go to sleep. And I remember going to the record studio and there was a park across the street and I'd see all the children playing"
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    {
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    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Location | English Language Institute Location | English Language Institute [PAR] Request an Appointment (for students only) [PAR] Location [PAR] The University of Delaware is located in Newark, Delaware, a quiet, safe, and friendly college town of 30,000 people. [PAR] Newark is two hours by car or train from Washington, DC and New York City (170 km) and one hour from Philadelphia and Baltimore (80 km). Nearby recreational areas on the Atlantic Ocean and in the Pocono mountains of Pennsylvania offer students a variety of summer and winter activities.[DOC] [TLE] Experience UD | University of Delaware Experience UD | University of Delaware [PAR] Driving Directions to UD's Newark campus [PAR] From the north [PAR] Take I-95 South to Delaware Exit 1-B \u2014 Route 896 North, which becomes South College Avenue at the intersection of Route 4. Continue straight on South College Avenue for about two miles, past such landmarks as the Bob Carpenter/Sports Convocation Center, Delaware Stadium, and the Delaware Field House. Continue going straight through the intersection of South College Avenue and Park Place until you reach the Visitors Center and the entrance to Visitors Parking Lot #41 on your left. After parking, walk south on South College Avenue about 1/2 block. You will see the Visitors Center on your right. This will be on the corner of Winslow and South College Avenue on a campus map. [PAR] From the south [PAR] Take I-95 North to Delaware Exit 1 \u2014 Route 896 North, which becomes South College Avenue at the intersection of Route 4. Continue straight on South College Avenue for about two miles, past such landmarks as the Bob Carpenter/Sports Convocation Center, Delaware Stadium, and the Delaware Field House. The Visitors Center and entrance to Visitors Parking Lot #41 will be on your left. After parking, walk south on South College Avenue about 1/2 block. You will see the Visitors Center on your right. This will be on the corner of Winslow and South College Avenue on a campus map. [PAR] From the west [PAR] Take the Pennsylvania Turnpike East to Route 283 South. Continue on Route 283 South, which becomes Route 30 East outside of Lancaster, to Route 896 South. As you reach campus and cross the railroad tracks, immediately turn left onto Delaware Avenue and right (at the second traffic light) onto South College Avenue. Continue straight on South College Avenue to Visitors Parking Lot #41. Turn right into Visitors Parking Lot #41 (adjacent to the Visitors Center). After parking, walk south on South College Avenue about 1/2 block. You will see the Visitors Center on your right. This will be on the corner of Winslow and South College Avenue on a campus map. [PAR] Other Transport"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Landmark Birthdays | Who2 Landmark Birthdays | Who2 [PAR] Frank Sinatra \u2018Gave Men License to Cry\u2019 [PAR] December 12, 2015 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] Frank Sinatra is 100 years old today, and Stephen Holden has a terrific notebook that captures so many truths about the man. Holden runs through a recap of all the \u2026.. [PAR] Joe Biden is 70! Where Will He Be When He\u2019s 82? [PAR] November 20, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] The cheerful vice president was born in Scranton on November 20th of 1942. Will he become the oldest first-time president in 2017? [PAR] The Chuck Jones Centennial: Here It Comes, Doc! [PAR] September 17, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] Chuck Jones, the celebrated director of Bugs Bunny, Wile E. Coyote and the Grinch, was born on this week in 1912. [PAR] July 23, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] An daring life, seen in nine good photos. [PAR] A Blast From Paul McCartney\u2019s Past: Rare Photos and Go-Kart Love [PAR] June 18, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] For Sir Paul\u2019s 70th birthday, The Guardian goes to its archives and a Manhattan gallery shows some grand old photos. [PAR] May 15, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] The man who filmed President Kennedy\u2019s shooting would be 107 this year; his camera turns 50. [PAR] Packy the Elephant is Now 50 [PAR] April 23, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] The Oregon Zoo\u2019s star elephant was born the same year as Tom Cruise and King Abdullah of Jordan. And he gets more cake than either one. [PAR] February 7, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] What do they have in common? Crazy old Camden Town. [PAR] The Big Big Birthdays of 2012 [PAR] January 1, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] Which creepy Roman celebrates his 2000th birthday this year? Which author turns 200? Which action star hits 50? Answers after the jump. [PAR] The Bush Twins are 30 Years Old [PAR] November 25, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] Gee, they were only 18 when their dad was elected president. Now the Bush Twins have turned 30. Tempus fugits itself once again. [PAR] November 9, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] The smiling, singing \u2018Mary\u2019 of Peter, Paul and Mary was born 75 years ago on this day. [PAR] October 31, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] Peter Jackson is hugging stuffed dogs, directing The Hobbit, and turning 50. [PAR] Hard Hats and Hisahito: This Week in Biographies [PAR] September 5, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] It\u2019s not clear who to thank for Labor Day, but we give it a shot. Also: a Japanese prince turns 5, a Pretenders princess turns 60, and it\u2019s quite clear who\u2019s responsible for the only presidential baby ever born in the White House.Read it all >> [PAR] How Many Other Presidents Turned 50 in Office? [PAR] August 4, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] Barack Obama turns 50 years old on this very day. Question: How many other U.S. presidents have turned 50 while in office? Take a guess, and we\u2019ll give you the answer after this roll call. [PAR] Barack Obama: A Birthday Timeline [PAR] August 4, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel [PAR] Ever think to yourself as a kid, \u201cGee, I wonder where I\u2019ll be when I\u2019m 50?\u201dIf you\u2019re Barack Obama, the answer to that question turned out to be: \u201cIn the White House, at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, as the duly-elected President of the United States.\u201d [PAR] Peter O\u2019Toole Still Hasn\u2019t Hit 80 [PAR] August 2, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Tyson and 5 Other Heavyweights Who Carried on for Too ... Mike Tyson and 5 Other Heavyweights Who Carried on for Too Long | Bleacher Report [PAR] Mike Tyson and 5 Other Heavyweights Who Carried on for Too Long [PAR] By Rob Lancaster , Featured Columnist [PAR] Jun 11, 2015 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] SUSAN WALSH/Associated Press [PAR] Comments [PAR] Mike Tyson was given the nickname \"The Baddest Man on the Planet\" for a reason. [PAR] In his prime, he was the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world. He won his first 37 professional fights, the vast majority of them inside the distance. [PAR] He was a fearsome puncher, but the one opponent Iron Mike couldn't beat was Father Time. [PAR] Financial problems (Tyson had to file for bankruptcy ) forced him to carry on his career when he was well past his peak, leading to defeats that tarnished both his record and reputation. [PAR] On June 11, 2005, the American quit on his stool against Kevin McBride. It was the end of the line\u2014he retired after his 58th fight, a shadow of the man who had once dominated the division. [PAR] However, Tyson is not the only heavyweight who opted to keep extending their careers beyond their expiry date. [PAR] Here we look at five big men who, like Tyson, carried on boxing when their best years were behind them. [PAR] (Warning: The above video contains profanity). [PAR] Evander Holyfield was an undisputed champion at cruiserweight before making the move up. [PAR] As a heavyweight he was just as dominant, at one stage holding the IBF, WBA and WBC titles. [PAR] He registered two wins over Mike Tyson, albeit the second of them came about due to a disqualification after he had been bitten by his rival. [PAR] However, an ageing Holyfield was well over the hill by the time he was beaten by former middleweight world champion James Toney (more on him to come) in 2003. [PAR] The problem was, though, that the Real Deal needed to keep going for financial reasons. [PAR] He lost nearly all of his earnings, telling Martha Kelner of the Daily Mail: \"You make a lot of money but you don\u2019t know how money works, you don\u2019t know how to calculate. I gave more than I should have. I gave, gave, gave. People talk you into doing things that you\u2019re not accustomed to doing.\" [PAR] Carrying on to cover maintenance payments for his 11 children, Holyfield fought until he was 48 years old. [PAR] He actually finished with a win, beating Brian Nielsen in Denmark, meaning his final record stood at 44-10-2 with one no-contest. [PAR] Tweet [PAR] James Toney started out at middleweight but worked his way all the way up to the top division. [PAR] Lights Out had appeared to follow in the footsteps of Bob Fitzsimmons and long-time rival Roy Jones Jr. in moving through the ranks to win a world title at heavyweight. [PAR] However, his victory over John Ruiz for the WBA title was later changed to a no-contest by the New York State Athletic Commission after Toney tested positive for a banned substance. [PAR] He returned after a 90-day ban but defeats began to pile up. There were two in a row to Samuel Peter, while a trip to Russia to take on Denis Lebedev saw him shut out on the scorecards. [PAR] Toney carried on fighting until 2013, his last appearance coming as a contestant in the Prizefighter series in England. [PAR] At the age"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1935-1980s: The reign of Haile Selassie in Ethiopia 1935-1980s: The reign of Haile Selassie in Ethiopia [PAR] Home [PAR] 1935-1980s: The reign of Haile Selassie in Ethiopia [PAR] A critical look at the rule of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, regarded by many as progressive, and by some as God incarnate! [PAR] Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (full title \"His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, King of Kings and Elect of God\") has almost universally been remembered as a kindly benefactor, yet the evidence suggesting otherwise is overwhelming. [PAR] It is argued that he implemented many reforms in his country and Rastafarians believe him to be God incarnate - as prophesied by Marcus Garvey - but how justified are these suggestions? [PAR] If we take as starting point Fascist Italy's invasion of Ethiopia we find Selassie fleeing to Britain in a brave attempt to rally support for his country. Garvey pointed out that he \"ran away from his country to England, leaving his people to be massacred by the Italians\" (Marcus Garvey, The Failure of Haile Selassie as Emperor, Black Man - London, March/April 1937). He remained in Bath for the duration of the war, but on returning to take his place on the throne he became paranoid about the partisans who had stayed and fought the Italians, fearing their bravery and preferring obsequiousness. Thus, they were gradually removed from positions of authority and replaced with those who had collaborated with the Italians as he knew they could be easily kept in line and would be open to the methods Selassie used to control his dignitaries. Selassie's methods of asserting and achieving and maintaining power involved breeding an atmosphere of distrust and corruption, where government officials would inform on each other in a constant vying for power, each wanting to be noticed and promoted by the Emperor, as the financial rewards could be great. [PAR] Ethiopia had much in common with any other capitalist society. For instance, starving peasants felt themselves privileged to even see a rich person in the flesh (shades of the homeless in Britain grieving over a recently deceased Princess). To achieve this state of affairs, Selassie would throw crumbs to the poor and bribe the rich. An example of this was his practice of throwing coppers to the poor to celebrate his birthday each year. [PAR] That is why it is preferable for the Abyssinian Negroes and the Negroes of the world to work for the restoration and freedom of the country without the assistance of Haile Selassie, because at best he is but a slave master. The Negroes of the Western World whose forefathers suffered for three hundred years under the terrors of slavery ought to be able to appreciate what freedom means. Surely they cannot feel justified in supporting any system that would hold their brothers in slavery in another country whilst they are enjoying the benefits of freedom elsewhere. The Africans who are free can also appreciate the position of slaves in Abyssinia. What right has the Emperor to keep slaves when all the democratic sections of the world were free, when men had the right to live, to develop, to expand, to enjoy all the benefits of human liberty[?] (Garvey, 1937) [PAR] Always Selassie had to exercise absolute control, punishing those who undermined his authority, two examples being Prince Imru and Tekele Wolda Hawariat. Prince Imru gave some of his lands to the peasantry without the Emperors permission and as a result he was exiled form Ethiopia for twenty years for \"disloyalty\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u200eThe Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) directed by Robert ... \u200eThe Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) directed by Robert Wise \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] 2 [PAR] A message movie that really works. The message being - that our first response to the unknown is often fear and prejudice, not reason or understanding. [PAR] To the visiting spaceman Klaatu played by the great stony faced Michael Rennie - his mission is to warn us of this potentially dangerous emotional flaw before it results in the destruction of all people, then Earth. [PAR] It's simplistically told. All scenes are free of script fat: making their points quickly, serving the overall narrative efficiently before deftly moving on to the next. It's a masterclass of focused storytelling. [PAR] What's surprising to me on this re-watch though, is that the only element that really dates the movie (other than Gort's flexible 'metal' pants) is\u2026 [PAR] Gort! Klaatu barada nikto! [PAR] -Helen [PAR] Robert Wise might have been criticized during his career for never challenging the studios and perhaps being a bit too much of a \"team player\" but as Hollywood directors go you'd be hard-pressed to find another studio director that could dabble in ALL genres while turning out not only successful films, but films that have stood the test of time. [PAR] Here Wise and screenwriter Edmund H. North turnout not just a memorable movie, but a landmark film in science-fiction. In an age of goofy-ass flying saucer films The Day the Earth Stood Still stands out because despite it's simplistic nature actually works on different levels. On purpose no less. That's actually something a lot of\u2026 [PAR] 3 [PAR] There have been some high moments in early science fiction since Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s released Le Voyage dans la Lune, and through the close of the 1950\u2019s, notably Fritz Lang\u2019s Metropolis and William Cameron Menzies\u2019 1936 adaptation of H.G. Well\u2019s The Shape of Things to Come; both social criticism guised in the clothing of a futuristic world, the tenant of true hard sci-fi. The majority of films classified loosely in the genre were nothing much more than monster, war, or westerns set in outer space; the staple of the drive-in, the Saturday Double Feature, and later, 60\u2019s Saturday afternoon TV fodder; which is exactly where I first encountered the form. [PAR] Sci-Fi seemed to explode in the late 40\u2019s and 50\u2019s with\u2026 [PAR] Review by Sally Jane Black 3 [PAR] Gort is beautiful. [PAR] That chrome shine and faceless visage, that fluid and human movement, that cold white dome. He's sometimes menacing, sometimes distant, sometimes unnerving, but he's always beautiful to behold. This absurd belief that these beings need to look \"realistic\" is what leads us to this unending parade of bad animation and CGI, these lifeless, soulless creations that suck all of the creativity and grace out of our aliens, robots, and monsters. You demand perfection, and you get ill-gotten computers trying to replicate human artistry. Fuck that. [PAR] Gort is fucking beautiful. [PAR] Yeah, it's a man in a suit. Yeah, you can tell especially when he walks. It just makes it better. It's jarring to see those legs bend like\u2026 [PAR] 11 [PAR] With \"The Day the Earth Stood Still,\" director, Robert Wise, offers a stately, controlled science fiction vision with zero hint of the B-movie sensibilities often associated with genre offerings of the era. Serious and weighty, the film is both a document to the fears of the past and piece of work with still timely importance. [PAR] Its premise is simple: a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Left Hand of Darkness - Study Guide - Angelfire Left Hand of Darkness - Study Guide [PAR] :: THE LEFT HAND OF DARKNESS: ITS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE FICTION :: [PAR] Male dominance. [PAR] The first science fiction novel, it is largely agreed, was written by a woman, Mary Shelley, the daughter of the feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and the wife of the English romantic poet Shelley. She wrote Frankenstein in 1818 when she was only nineteen. However, the field has since been dominated by male writers who have made the domain of science fiction almost exclusively male. Indeed, in his book Billion Year Spree - The True History of Science Fiction, Brian Aldiss describes the genre as an \"all-male escapist power fantasy\" and calls its writers \"Philistine-male-chauvinist pigs\" who work in the \"Ghetto of Retarded Boyhood.\" [PAR] Immature heroes. [PAR] The heroes that these male writers created were generally immature men seeking to remain forever young and powerful, playing with imaginative and powerful toys, hoping to escape from girls or women, mothers or wives, as well as to avoid the responsibilities of a demanding reality, enclosing themselves in their exclusive men's club. [PAR] Female heroine followers. [PAR] Needless to say, all these heroes were virile males served by their followers, the female characters. With all their invention and often daring imagination, these writers failed to explore alternative roles for women in a future society. Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, the lions in the genre, had hardly any place for women in their fantasies. Other writers who did employ female characters pictured the relationships between the heroes and their women largely along the same lines as did the existing society: women as assistants to men, women in the role of entertaining dolls. A classic example is the story \"Helen O'Loy\" by Lester del Rey (1938) which features a man who builds a robot programmed to be a perfect wife. These writers, naturally, aimed their stories mainly at male readers, mostly young boys who often stopped reading science fiction novels once they grew up. [PAR] No women writers. [PAR] In her fine introduction to Women of Wonder, Pamela Sargent, herself a prolific science-fiction writer, calls traditional science fiction \"an escapist literature for men and boys.\" She claims that women have traditionally been discouraged from entering scientific and technological fields, based on two assumptions: first, that women lack the aptitude, and second, that they are essentially intuitive rather than rational, and are \"hostile to any kind of intellectual exploration.\" [PAR] Few women dared to invade the field and even when they did, they imitated their male colleagues. Catherine Moore, for example, wrote from the male point of view, \"a necessity,\" Pamela Sargent explains, \"for anyone who wished to publish in the pulp magazines which had dominated American sf since the 1920s.\" [PAR] Change. [PAR] A change began to take place after World War II, when some women science-fiction writers joined the field. However, they too, like their male colleagues, usually presented housewife heroines, passive, naive, ignorant child-raisers, who solve problems not through their intelligence and daring but through ineptitude or accident. [PAR] Only in the 1960s, a decade that gave birth to much questioning of conventions as well as to many social revolutions (including feminism), women science-fiction writers began to question the very nature of science fiction, and as a result, took it in a completely new direction: software replaced hardware, human relationships replaced technology, social science took the place of the physical sciences. Substance and emotional content introduced depth and meaning into what had often been flat, boy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neil Simon - Biography - IMDb Neil Simon - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Neil Simon [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (5) | Trivia (23) | Personal Quotes (7) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 1\u00bd\" (1.87 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Neil Simon was born on July 4, 1927 in The Bronx, New York City, New York, USA as Marvin Neil Simon. He is a writer and producer, known for The Odd Couple (1968), Your Show of Shows (1950) and The Odd Couple (1970). He has been married to Elaine Joyce since September 11, 1999. He was previously married to Diane Lander , Marsha Mason and Joan Baim. [PAR] Spouse (5) [PAR] ( 10 September 1953 - 17 July 1973) (her death) (2 children) [PAR] Trivia (23) [PAR] Almost every one of his 30-plus plays, mostly Broadway comedies, has also been adapted into a motion picture-- the greatest such achievement of any playwright/author, even surpassing William Shakespeare As a result, Simon has received more Oscar and Tony nominations than any other writer in the history of show business. [PAR] Received newly established 'Apple Award' from The Nederlander Company and Wayne State University. Named in honor of Sarah Applebaum Nederlander, who was known affectionately as 'Apple', the Apple Award will be presented annually to a nationally recognized theatre professional who has made significant contributions in his or her field. The Nederlander's and WSU established the award this year in celebration of the Fisher Theatre's 40th anniversary. [November 2001] [PAR] Children: daughters Ellen, Nancy by Joan Baim; Bryn (adopted) with Diane Lander . [PAR] He loves playing tennis. [PAR] He has became so successful financially that he backs his own plays. [PAR] His brother, Danny Simon , actually started writing the \"The Odd Couple\" but was not able to finish it. He asked Neil to take it over, and Neil did in exchange for sole author credit. However, he continued to pay Danny 10% of everything the property generated. [PAR] The Alvin Theater at 250 W. 52nd Street on Broadway was renamed the Neil Simon Theater on June 23, 1983. [PAR] 2004: Received kidney transplant donated by Bill Eveans, his publicist. [PAR] His play, \"Laughter on the 23rd Floor\", was nominated for a 1997 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best New Comedy of 1996. [PAR] He won both a Tony Award and a Pulitzer Prize for \"Lost In Yonkers\" in 1991. [PAR] Has won two Tony Awards as author of Best Play winners: in 1985 for \"Biloxi Blues\" and in 1991 for \"Lost in Yonkers.\" Additionally, he has been Tony-nominated an impressive 15 times: in 1963, as Best Author (Musical) and book for Best Musical nominee \"Little Me,\" in 1964, as author of Best Play nominee \"Barefoot in the Park;\" in 1965, as Best Author (Dramatic) and author of Best Play nominee \"The Odd Couple;\" in 1966, for book of Best Musical nominee \"Sweet Charity;\" in 1968, as author of Best Play nominee \"Plaza Suite;\" in 1969, for book for Best Musical nominee \"Promises, Promises;\" in 1970, as author of Best Play nominee \"Last of the Red Hot Lovers;\" in 1972, as author of Best Play nominee \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue;\" in 1973, as author of Best Play nominee \"The Sunshine Boys;\" in 1974, as Best Score, his lyrics with Peter Link 's music, for \"The Good Doctor;\" in 1978, as author of Best Play nominee \"Chapter Two;\" in 1979, as Best Book (Musical) for \"They're Playing Our Song;\" and in 1987, as author of Best Play nominee \"Broadway Bound.\" [PAR] Received the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Augusto C. Sandino (Managua) International - Nicaragua Augusto C. Sandino (Managua) International - Nicaragua [PAR] gigi brenes [PAR] January 27, 2015 at 10:13 pm [PAR] AMAZING airport. I was very pleased; everything was very professional and this is by far the BEST airport I\u2019ve been to, and trust me I\u2019ve been to many; it left me thrilled and I suggest people go there. I love that place and I WILL go there as much as I possibly can. The place is the best and it totally deserves a 10000000000000000 or higher rate :-) [PAR] International Managua [PAR] Jay Coleman [PAR] December 20, 2008 at 1:23 pm [PAR] Great airport for the size of the country and the number of airlines that operate in Nicaragua, I do travel around the world and landed in several airports before and am pleased with two airports: Dubai and Managua. But what makes Managua one my favorite is the way they welcome you if you are using VIP services; it is amazing, not delay and they expedite the process so we can get meet with you family and friends, great reception after several trips all I can say: job well done, keep up the good work. [PAR] Sandino International [PAR] Richard Becton [PAR] July 19, 2008 at 4:40 am [PAR] For a private pilot flying in, the hurdles are daunting. They have a different system in place in Nicaragua than most other countries. There are services available, and fuel available, as well as all ground handling services. The parking fee for small airplanes is $5 US per day, and it will be collected. Filing a flight plan can be done, but patience is a virtue and a necessity to navigate the security issues. [PAR] MGA [PAR] Sergio Diaz [PAR] October 23, 2007 at 10:02 pm [PAR] This mornings departure from Managua was the worst airport experience ever. I understand airport security and their procedures, but they searched me, my wife and drop off and carry-on luggages repeatedly over (4 times) every stop/ every check point for no necessary and inexcusable reason. Even the spirit ticket rep was unprofessional and rude. I\u2019ve traveled all over the world, Caribbean and Europe by boat and plane but this is by far the worst experience/service ever and believe me, I would spread this terrible experience to everyone that\u2019s going to this airport. [PAR] Managua International Airport"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscar Hammerstein II \u2014 Listen for free on Spotify Oscar Hammerstein II \u2014 Listen for free on Spotify [PAR] Oscar Hammerstein II [PAR] Play on Spotify [PAR] During the '40s and '50s, lyricist/librettist Oscar Hammerstein II and composer Richard Rodgers were the most successful composing team on Broadway, writing several long-running shows that were eventually made into movie musicals. [PAR] Hammerstein was also the second most prolific lyricist of the 20th century, second only to Irving Berlin . Born into a show business family in N.Y.C. on July 12, 1895, as Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein, he later dropped his middle names and adopted the \"II.\" The grandfather he was named after was a theater builder and opera company director, and the lyricist's father worked as the manager of a historic vaudeville theater in New York. As a young man, Hammerstein attended Columbia University and law school and took part in school plays. He later became stage manager in his uncle Arthur's theater and tried his hand -- unsuccessfully -- at writing screenplays. Hammerstein co-wrote songs for Broadway during the '20s with lyricist Otto Harbach, including Showboat (1928) and Sweet Adeline (1929). He also collaborated with many composers over the years, including George Gershwin and Jerome Kern , but his most prolific and successful period was with composer Richard Rodgers . They teamed up after Rodgers' songwriting partner, Lorenz Hart, became ill and died in 1943. From this time until a year before Hammerstein's passing in 1960, Rodgers & Hammerstein were unmatched creators of smash hit Broadway musicals. Their first big hit was 1943's Oklahoma!, for which they received a Pulitzer Prize. The duo received another Pulitzer for 1949's South Pacific. Rodgers & Hammerstein were also responsible for such wildly successful musicals as The King & I (1951) and The Sound of Music (1959). Some of Hammerstein's best-known songs include \"Ol' Man River,\" \"Lover, Come Back to Me\" (1928), \"Why Was I Born?\" (1929), \"All the Things You Are\" (1939), \"People Will Say We're in Love\" (1943), \"Some Enchanted Evening\" (1949), \"Getting to Know You,\" and \"My Favorite Things.\" Hammerstein produced many of the shows that he scored, and on some he didn't, including Annie Get Your Gun. He is also author of the book Lyrics. ~ Joslyn Layne, Rovi [PAR] Read More Show less[DOC] [TLE] Hammerstein II, Oscar Oscar Hammerstein II [PAR] Born: July 12, 1895, in New York, New York [PAR] Died: August 23, 1960, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania [PAR] Vocations: Lyricist, Playwright, Songwriter [PAR] Geographic Connection to Pennsylvania: Doylestown, Bucks County [PAR] Keywords: Columbia University; The King and I; Oklahoma!; Pulitzer Prize; Richard Rodgers; The Sound of Music; Tony Award [PAR] Abstract: Oscar Hammerstein II was an influential lyricist and librettist in the American Theater. Growing up in a show business-driven household, Hammerstein began writing plays and libretti in 1917. He began his career working with Jerome Kern and George Gershwin, and in 1943, he began a 17-year partnership with Richard Rodgers. He wrote the lyrics to many successful musicals, including Show Boat, Oklahoma!, The King and I, and The Sound of Music. Although Hammerstein was born and worked in New York, New York, for much of his career, he settled down and lived in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, for the later portion of his life. [PAR] Biography: [PAR] On July 12, 1985, Oscar Hammerstein II was born into a show business family. Residing in New York New York, his father and uncle, Willie and Arthur Hammerstein, were successful theater managers, and his grandfather, Oscar Hammerstein I, was a famous opera impresario. His father was not supportive of his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jazz Reviews: The Complete Lionel Hampton Quartets and ... Lionel Hampton/Oscar Peterson: The Complete Lionel Hampton Quartets and Quintets with Oscar Peterson on Verve - JazzTimes [PAR] By Jack Sohmer [PAR] Lionel Hampton/Oscar Peterson: The Complete Lionel Hampton Quartets and Quintets with Oscar Peterson on Verve [PAR] When Lionel Hampton left Benny Goodman in 1940 to form his own big band, he was only following in a line recently established by Goodman\u2019s other star soloists, Gene Krupa, Harry James, and Teddy Wilson. But despite the presence of Ben Webster and some excellent arrangements, Teddy\u2019s band failed within a year; Gene\u2019s did not begin to take off until he nabbed Roy Eldridge and Anita O\u2019Day in 1941; and Harry\u2019s only began to see really big numbers when he shifted his emphasis to saccharine sweet ballads. By contrast, Hamp hit his public hard and heavy. Among the hip young jazzmen populating his first big band were Joe Newman, Fred Beckett, Dexter Gordon, and Illinois Jacquet, and in \u201cFlying Home\u201d and \u201cHamp\u2019s Boogie Woogie\u201d he nailed two hits which were to remain in his book forever after. [PAR] At the time of the first session in this set, September 2, 1953, Hamp had just concluded a European tour with a band including Clifford Brown, Art Farmer, Jimmy Cleveland, Gigi Gryce, George Wallington, and other young boppers, so he was far from being unaware of recent trends in jazz when he confronted Oscar Peterson, Ray Brown, and Buddy Rich in Verve\u2019s New York studio. As a matter of fact, he is the consummate jazz improviser on all of the performances in this set, and, just as importantly, he retains his own sound and personality throughout, never once alluding to any of the other modern vibists, such as Red Norvo, Milt Jackson, and Terry Gibbs. Yet, in his use of straight rather than syncopated eighth-notes and certain boppish trademark phrasings, such as sixteenth-note triplets, he is clearly not the same musician he was in the \u201930s. [PAR] The play list of the 50 tracks, from the first session to the last (on September 15, 1954), consists almost entirely of Swing Era standards and the occasional \u201coriginal\u201d blues theme. However, the most striking performances occur on Disc 3, where clarinetist Buddy De Franco\u2019s eight tracks remind us not so much of Hamp\u2019s days with Benny as to how much his other recordings would have benefited from similar unions with stellar hornmen, most particularly Roy Eldridge, Dizzy Gillespie, Coleman Hawkins, Ben Webster, Johnny Hodges, and Benny Carter, all of whom were available to Norman Granz\u2019 Verve. [PAR] Starting with the surprising way-up \u201cIt\u2019s Only a Paper Moon,\u201d upon which Hamp lays out, and the equally surprising down-tempo shift on the normally fast \u201cThe Way You Look Tonight,\u201d DeFranco\u2019s April 1954 session then goes on to an initially medium-paced and incrementally rushed 17-minute version of \u201cFlying Home,\u201d with the clarinetist\u2019s tone taking on a raw but exciting harshness. \u201cThese Foolish Things,\u201d by way of contrast, exemplifies both the best and worst of Buddy\u2019s playing at this time: while he was the most adept of all modern jazz clarinetists in capturing the stylistic and technical nuances of Dizzy and Bird, what he sacrificed in tonal purity lost him the respect of many lovers of the instrument. On \u201cDon\u2019t Be That Way,\u201d for example, he plays his lines as though he were playing alto or trumpet rather than clarinet, but, to his ongoing credit, Buddy ultimately overcame this problem. Today, 45 years later, he can still waste most of his juniors at playing incendiary bop clarinet. Other tunes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Handball - Summer Olympic Sport Handball - Summer Olympic Sport [PAR] Handball [PAR] Victoire surprenante des Fran\u00e7aises - London 2012 - Handball [PAR] 01 Jan 0001 [PAR] Handball is a fast-paced team game that was first played in Scandinavia and Germany at the end of the 19th century. [PAR] European origins [PAR] The modern game of handball was first played towards the end of the 19th century in Scandinavia and Germany. Field handball was first recognised at the turn of the century and G. Wallstr\u00f6m introduced the sport of \"handball\" to Sweden in 1910. [PAR] First competition [PAR] The International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was set up in 1928 on the occasion of the Olympic Games in Amsterdam, leading to the first Field Handball World Championships being played in Germany in 1938, following its appearance at the 1936 Berlin Games. [PAR] Rival codes [PAR] Between 1938 and 1966 both forms of handball were played at separate World Championships: an outdoor, 11-a-side game played on a football pitch and a new 7-a-side indoor version preferred by the Scandinavians. [PAR] Olympic history [PAR] After 1936, field handball was no longer played at the Games, except as a demonstration sport in 1952 in Helsinki. Indoor handball was presented for the first time at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. Yugoslavia was victorious and won the first gold medal after a competition between 16 men\u2019s teams. [PAR] The introduction of women\u2019s handball to the Games took place in 1976 in Montreal. The Soviet Union won this first women\u2019s Olympic competition, taking home two gold medals after the 11-team men\u2019s competition and the six-team women\u2019s one.[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Handball - Topend Sports Olympic Handball [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > Sports > Handball [PAR] Team Handball at the Olympics [PAR] Handball was first introduced at the Olympic Games at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin (see Field Handball 1936 ), in a competition for men only, and was played outdoors on a grass surface. The sport was dropped from the program after this single appearance, and not played again until 1952, when field handball was again played, though this time as a demonstration sport (see Field Handball 1952 ). [PAR] The sport returned as an official sport for the 1972 Olympics, in its current format as an indoor sport. The women's handball competition was added to the program at the 1976 Summer Games. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The best all-time performing handball player at the Olympic Games is Russian Andrey Lavrov, who is the only handball player to win three Olympic gold medals. See more on the Greatest Handball Players at the Olympics . [PAR] Share:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Air Littoral .... Game Over \u2014 Civil Aviation Forum ... Air Littoral .... Game Over - Airliners.net [PAR] Airliners.net [PAR] Sun Feb 15, 2004 4:21 am [PAR] Even if it is not a surprise, now it is official: [PAR] Air Littoral , the first airline I worked for, is dead. Their airline license has been revoked by the Transport minister, and they ceased operations Friday at midnight. [PAR] I hope all the good profesionals of this airline will get jobs quickly. [PAR] For those who read French, here is a link.(and if you have time, read the all story by clicking on the \"infos\" link.) [PAR] Sun Feb 15, 2004 4:32 am [PAR] Why do so many non-AF affiliated airlines fail? [PAR] #3 [PAR] Sun Feb 15, 2004 4:38 am [PAR] Here, it has nothing to do with AF . It is the incompetence of the boss, and politics. (he is candidate for the next regional elections) [PAR] Here is the link to the web site of a union that will provide a lot of analysis and links to various newspapers. [PAR] (one again, only in French) [PAR] Wed Feb 18, 2004 6:50 am [PAR] and the reason why I'm today a airline enthusiastic is dead [PAR] well I'm still a airline enthusiastic but I'll never forget my first flight with Air Littoral [PAR] and due to all other reasons I won't write anything [PAR] there are too many circumstances why they failed .... [PAR] Good Bye Air Littoral, but you have a (virtual and plastic) place (the same model was shown on euronews when the announced that FU is dead) on my working place [PAR] forever .... [PAR] Wed Feb 18, 2004 7:33 am [PAR] Why so many ex-Qualilfyer airlines fail ? [PAR] Wed Feb 18, 2004 11:01 pm [PAR] Konrad, there is a very simple explanation to that: [PAR] SR strategy was to buy as many troubled airlines as they could, and managed them very poorly so that they become more and more troubled. [PAR] For instance, in France, they tried to merge AOM, Airliberte and Air Littoral. But those 3 airlines had very little in common. As a result, losses increased, instead of decreasing. [PAR] And they increased to the point that SR had to be grounded, the later SN , then AirLib, and now Air Littoral. [PAR] After Friday's grounding by the Civil Aviation, the tribunal has pronounced the liquidation yesterday. And only 50 to 60 employees (working for Air littoral school) have saved their job . They were over 1000 last summer... [PAR] Teva [PAR] #7 [PAR] Wed Feb 18, 2004 11:08 pm [PAR] Shame about FU - I did their PNR migration from Atraxis to Amadeus, about 2 years ago. It was a good little airline, and they provided good connections from NCE to lots of secondary cities round Europe and in North Africa - those will be hard to replace. [PAR] Maybe Easyjet will accept the inevitable and open a proper base in NCE (they have enough flights to/from NCE already to justify it) - the could add flights straight away to FCO, NAP, SXB, LIL, NTE, MAD, BCN, MUC, VCE. Lets just hope the Cote D'Azur Chamber of Commerce doesn't get desperate and make a deal with FR (shudders). [PAR] [Edited 2004-02-18 15:12:52] [PAR] Wed Feb 18, 2004 11:18 pm [PAR] What's their fleet and what will happen to it? [PAR] Wed Feb 18, 2004 11:43 pm [PAR] They operated 17 Fokker 100s in the end. [PAR] Swiss aviation news junkie living all over the place [PAR] Wed Feb 18,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emilio Estevez - IMDb Emilio Estevez - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Official Photos \u00bb [PAR] Emilio Estevez was born on May 12, 1962, in New York City. He is the eldest son of actor Martin Sheen , who at the time was just breaking into the business. His mother, Janet Sheen (n\u00e9e Templeton), was a former New York art student who had met Emilio's father right after he had moved to Manhattan. Martin and Janet had three other children, Charlie ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 36 people [PAR] created 25 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 16 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 10 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 people [PAR] created 31 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Emilio Estevez's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 4 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Men at Work James St. James [PAR] (1990) [PAR] 2012 Abominable Christmas (TV Movie) [PAR] Mr. Winterbottom (voice) [PAR] 1982 Making the Grade (TV Series) [PAR] Dwayne [PAR] 2010/I The Way (written for the screen by) [PAR] 2006 Bobby (written by) [PAR] 1990 Men at Work (written by) [PAR] 1987 Wisdom (written by) [PAR] 1995 The Jerky Boys (executive producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2010/I The Way (additional photography) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1996 The War at Home (performer: \"Fuer Elise\") [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2010 King's Man (additional thanks) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2010-2011 The Hour (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2011 CBS News Sunday Morning (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2011 Chelsea Lately (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2011 Tavis Smiley (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2011 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006-2011 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2011 Sidewalks Entertainment (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2011 The One Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 D\u00edas de cine (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 El hormiguero (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2007 Film 2016 (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 Larry King Live (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2006 History in Focus (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] - Episode #3.46 (2006) ... Himself - Guest [PAR] 2006 Shootout (TV Series) [PAR] 2006 Coraz\u00f3n de... (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 Dude Room (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2003 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1996 The Single Guy (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1994 Saturday Night Live (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Host / Various [PAR] - Emilio Estevez/Pearl Jam (1994) ... Himself - Host / Various [PAR] 1994 Later (TV Series) [PAR] 1989-1991 Good Morning America (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 1990 America This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007 Biography (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] Personal Details [PAR] Other Works: [PAR] Appeared in Bon Jovi 's music"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MUSLIMS WANT NIKE TO APOLOGIZE : COUNCIL SAYS LOGO ... MUSLIMS WANT NIKE TO APOLOGIZE : COUNCIL SAYS LOGO RESEMBLES ALLAH IN ARABIC SCRIPT. - Free Online Library [PAR] MUSLIMS WANT NIKE TO APOLOGIZE : COUNCIL SAYS LOGO RESEMBLES ALLAH IN ARABIC SCRIPT. [PAR] <a href=\"https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MUSLIMS+WANT+NIKE+TO+APOLOGIZE+%3a+COUNCIL+SAYS+LOGO+RESEMBLES+ALLAH+IN...-a083863678</a> [PAR] Citations: [PAR] Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. MUSLIMS WANT NIKE TO APOLOGIZE : COUNCIL SAYS LOGO RESEMBLES ALLAH IN ARABIC SCRIPT..\" Retrieved Jan 02 2017 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MUSLIMS+WANT+NIKE+TO+APOLOGIZE+%3a+COUNCIL+SAYS+LOGO+RESEMBLES+ALLAH+IN...-a083863678 [PAR] APA style: MUSLIMS WANT NIKE TO APOLOGIZE : COUNCIL SAYS LOGO RESEMBLES ALLAH IN ARABIC SCRIPT.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 02 2017 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MUSLIMS+WANT+NIKE+TO+APOLOGIZE+%3a+COUNCIL+SAYS+LOGO+RESEMBLES+ALLAH+IN...-a083863678 [PAR] Byline: Donna Abu-Nasr Associated Press [PAR] The Council on American-Islamic Relations demanded Wednesday that Nike Inc. apologize for using a logo on athletic shoes that resembles the word ``Allah'' in the Arabic script. [PAR] Nike said the logo was meant to look like flames for a line of shoes to be sold this summer with the names Air Bakin', Air Melt, Air Grill and Air B-Que. [PAR] The company said it caught the problem six months ago, long before the shoes went into production. A new logo separates the A in ``Air'' from the IR, Nike spokeswoman Vizhier Corpuz said. [PAR] ``We absolutely regret any misunderstanding, and we regret that this appeared in retail stores,'' Corpuz said at Nike headquarters near Portland, Ore. ``We have changed the design to ensure that there's no confusion between the word `air' and any other word.'' [PAR] ``Allah'' is Arabic for God, used by Muslims and Christian Arabs to refer to the deity. [PAR] The Islamic council's executive director, Nihad Awad, insisted at a Washington news conference that the shoes have been seen at stores across the country, one pair in New Jersey as recently as Tuesday. [PAR] Holding up a pair of black-and-white Nikes with the logo, which he said were bought recently in the Boston area, Awad demanded that the company investigate to determine whether ``there are people at the company who want to insult Muslims.'' [PAR] In 1995, Nike removed a billboard near the University of Southern California that depicted a basketball player with the headline, ``They called him Allah.'' The Council on American-Islamic Relations had told Nike officials the billboard offended Muslims. [PAR] Another leading athletic supplies manufacturer, Reebok International Ltd., was embarrassed in February to learn that the designation of its women's running shoe, ``Incubus,'' is the word for a mythical demon that preyed on sleeping women. [PAR] CAPTION(S): [PAR] Photo [PAR] Photo: (Color) Nihad Awad, executive director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, calls on Nike to apologize. [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] COPYRIGHT 1997 Daily News [PAR] No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder. [PAR] Copyright 1997, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company. [PAR] Article Details[DOC] [TLE] Muslims Seek Nike's Apology - NYTimes.com Muslims Seek Nike's Apology - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Sports |Muslims Seek Nike's Apology [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The Council on American-Islamic Relations demanded today that Nike Inc. apologize for using a logo on athletic shoes that resembles the word ''Allah'' in the Arabic script. [PAR] Nike said the logo was meant to look like flames for a line of shoes to be sold this summer with the names Air Bakin', Air Melt, Air Grill and Air B-Que. [PAR] The company said that it caught the problem six months ago and that a new logo separates the ''a'' from the ''ir'' in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Swede - Hooked On A Feeling (Guardians of the Galaxy ... Blue Swede - Hooked On A Feeling (Guardians of the Galaxy - Music Trailer) - YouTube [PAR] Blue Swede - Hooked On A Feeling (Guardians of the Galaxy - Music Trailer) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 19, 2014 [PAR] Blue Swede's, Hooked On A Feeling is the song that's been used on the trailer for the latest addition to Marvel cinematic universe in the Guardians of the Galaxy film. [PAR] I DO NOT OWN ANY RIGHTS... ALL RIGHTS BELONG TO THEIR RESPECTFUL OWNERS. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Blue Swede - Hooked On A Feeling (1974 - HQ - Live ... Blue Swede - Hooked On A Feeling (1974 - HQ - Live) - YouTube [PAR] Blue Swede - Hooked On A Feeling (1974 - HQ - Live) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 24, 2012 [PAR] Note: Click \"Show More\" for lyrics. This video has been color restored and sharpened to the highest quality I could obtain. From Wikipedia: Blue Swede was a Swedish rock band from the early- to mid-1970s that succeeded with a few singles which were covers of other artists' material. The band was first formed in 1973, when Bj\u00f6rn Skifs, a top vocalist in Sweden, was looking for a band to accompany him during his concerts. The band was originally called \"Bl\u00e5blus\" (Swedish for \"blue blouse\", a pun on the word \"blues\") and featured Skifs singing the lead vocals. The band got their international breakthrough in 1974 with their cover of the 1969 B. J. Thomas song \"Hooked on a Feeling\". Released that same year on their album Hooked on a Feeling, Blue Swede's version was adapted from British pop eccentric Jonathan King, using his ooga-chaka ooga-chaka background on a version he had earlier recorded of the same song. \"Hooked on a Feeling\" was released in Sweden in May 1973 and in the United States in February 1974, and reached #1 for one week in the U.S. staying in the Billboard Hot 100 chart for 18 weeks. The R.I.A.A. granted gold disc status on 28 March 1974. The track also topped charts in Canada, Australia and the Netherlands. [PAR] Lyrics:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Y by Mark Wallinger - magd.ox.ac.uk Y by Mark Wallinger [PAR] > View an interview with Mark Wallinger discussing Y [PAR] [PAR] Further Information [PAR] The University of Oxford and its constituent colleges have a long and distinguished history of commissioning the leading architects and artists of their day, from Sir Christopher Wren\u2019s Sheldonian Theatre , which was erected to provide an appropriate secular venue for the principal meetings and public ceremonies of the University, to Sir Jacob Epstein\u2019s haunting Lazarus in New College Chapel . [PAR] There have been few opportunities for the finest artists in the 21st century, but this has now changed with Magdalen College\u2019s 550th anniversary commission to Mark Wallinger. Wallinger\u2019s Y is a two-faced sculpture formed in square section steel and has a silvery, metallic finish. It is positioned in the small clearing at the east end of Bat Willow Meadow among a mature stand of trees and faces westwards, towards the main College buildings, to reflect the setting sun of midsummer. Y alludes to the history of Magdalen College, its architecture and its deer, and the abundant vegetation in its grounds. [PAR] \"The bifurcating forks or tines,\" the artist explains, \"are like the branches of the College\u2019s ancestral tree or the antlers of the College deer. The repeated figure references divining rods, typically cut from the trees found in Bat Willow Meadow, and the structure echoes the Gothic tracery, which is present within the architecture of the College. The forks represent the life force - the encoded mathematics of creation, the order of things - pushing out to the future, while the divining fork takes us back to our source, the earth. This reaching out and drawing back is implied in the map of a family tree, when we place ourselves as the trunk, when we surely know we are the furthest tiniest branch. In the sculpture each branch of the tree represents a progenitor going back seventeen generations to the year 1458, when the College was established.\" [PAR] The artist has used the golden ratio to generate the linear form of his sculpture. The golden ratio is the name given to an irrational proportion, known at least since the time of the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which has often been thought to possess aesthetic virtue, some hidden harmonic proportion in tune with the universe. In mathematics and the arts, two quantities are in the golden ratio if the ratio between the sum of those quantities and the larger one is the same as the ratio between the larger one and the smaller. In practice, this works out at about 8:13. [PAR] A whole host of other contexts are also referenced in Wallinger\u2019s work. In mathematics, for example, the y-axis is the vertical axis in a plane coordinate system and one of the three axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. In biology, Y-chromosome DNA is a type of DNA that is only carried by men and it is only inherited from their fathers. Men who share a common paternal ancestor will have virtually the same Y-DNA, even if that male ancestor lived many generations ago. [PAR] Significantly, in the system of Greek numerals the letter upsilon, whose upper case form closely resembles the letter Y in the Latin alphabet, has a value of 400. In the system of medieval Roman numerals, however, the letter Y has a value of 150. By adding these two values together we arrive at the number 550, which is the very anniversary for which the work has been commissioned. [PAR] Included in the artworks on display"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CNN - Princess Diana killed in Paris car crash - August 31 ... CNN - Princess Diana killed in Paris car crash - August 31, 1997 [PAR] Princess Diana killed in Paris car crash [PAR] Prince Charles to accompany body to Britain [PAR] August 31, 1997 [PAR] Web posted at: 11:35 a.m. EDT (1535 GMT) [PAR] PARIS (CNN) -- Britain's Princess Diana died early Sunday after suffering massive internal injuries in a high-speed car crash, reportedly after being chased by photographers who were trying to snap photographs of the princess. [PAR] Her companion and rumored lover, Dodi Fayed , and their chauffeur also died when the Mercedes crashed shortly after midnight in a tunnel along the Seine River at the Pont de l'Alma bridge, less than a half mile north of the Eiffel Tower. A fourth person in the car, a bodyguard of the princess, was also seriously injured. [PAR] The 36-year-old princess died from internal bleeding stemming from major chest, lung and head injuries, doctors said at a 6 a.m. news conference. [PAR] \"Diana's body arrived at the hospital in a condition of serious hemorrhage and shock. Shortly thereafter, she went into cardiac arrest,\" said Dr. Bruno Riou, an anesthesiologist at Paris Hospital de la Petie Salpetriere. [PAR] \"An urgent surgery showed a severe wound to the left pulmonary vein. Despite the closure of this wound and the two-hour external and internal cardiac massage, no official respiratory circulation could be established and she died at 4 a.m. Paris time,\" he said. [PAR] Prince Charles heads to France [PAR] Diana's body was to arrive in London around 7 p.m. (2 p.m. EDT) Sunday, French police said. Prince Charles left Scotland early Sunday afternoon for Paris. From there he will accompany the body of his former wife on its return to Britain. Charles will also visit the hospital where Diana died to thank doctors for having tried to save her life. [PAR] Fayed's body was to return to Britain Sunday according to a Harrods spokesman. No further details are available. [PAR] The Prince of Wales woke their children, Princes William, 15, and Harry, 12, and informed them of their mother's death at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, where they were spending the summer. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles said in statements early Sunday that they were \"deeply shocked and distressed by this terrible news.\" [PAR] British Prime Minister Tony Blair said, \"I feel like everyone else in this country: utterly devastated. ... She was a wonderful, warm human being.\" [PAR] 7 photographers detained [PAR] Diana's car was traveling at 80 to 85 mph (128 to 136 kph) when the car slammed into a concrete abutment in the narrow tunnel , careened into a wall and was crushed like an accordion, police said. According to witnesses, Paparazzi -- the commercial photographers who constantly followed Diana -- were pursuing the car on motorcycles. [PAR] Authorities said seven photographers -- six reported to be French and one Macedonian -- were in custody, and a criminal investigation was under way. Police seized two motorcycles and a motor scooter believed used in the chase. [PAR] France Info radio said at least some of the photographers took pictures before help arrived -- and that one of the photographers was beaten at the scene by horrified witnesses. [PAR] Harrods spokesperson Michael Cole relates Dodi's feelings for Diana [PAR] 264 K/24 sec. AIFF or WAV sound [PAR] \"Serious questions will need to be asked as to whether the aggressive intrusion into her privacy has contributed to this tragedy,\" said British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook. [PAR] Mourners gather"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angostura Bridge | bridge, Venezuela | Britannica.com Angostura Bridge | bridge, Venezuela | Britannica.com [PAR] Angostura Bridge [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in Ciudad Guayana [PAR] The Angostura Bridge (completed 1967) across the Orinoco at Ciudad Bol\u00edvar (67 miles west of Ciudad Guayana) is an important link between the Guiana region and the rest of the country. Ciudad Guayana also has forestry, diamond mining, refractory brick, and paper and pulp enterprises and has attracted numerous small industries. Pop. (2001) 619,784; (2011) 672,651. [PAR] in Orinoco River: Transportation [PAR] Considerable road construction has been undertaken in the Venezuelan Llanos since World War II. The Llanos and the Guiana region were connected in 1967 with the completion of a mile-long bridge across the Orinoco at Ciudad Bol\u00edvar. Earlier, in 1961, the mouth of the Caron\u00ed was bridged to connect the new industrial town of Puerto Ordaz with the old Orinoco port of San F\u00e9lix,...[DOC] [TLE] Bol\u00edvar City - Venezuela Tuya Bol\ufffdvar City - Venezuela Tuya [PAR] Bol\ufffdvar City [PAR] Angostura bridge over the Orinoco river [PAR] Ciudad Bolivar is one of the Venezuelan cities that keep more history on its streets, squares and museums. Formerly named Angostura because of its location on the narrowest part of the majestic Orinoco. Site of many independence battles and one of the first regions in the country to be freed from the Spanish bondage; it was declared interim capital of the newly formed republic in 1818 by the Liberator Simon Bolivar. From here, a year later Bolivar addressed the country his famous \"Discurso de Angostura\" (Angostura's Speech), in which he gave up all the special powers The Congress had granted him and laid out the new republic paradigm. [PAR] Colonial house on the Orinoco walk [PAR] Angostura congress house [PAR] A place worthy of being visited is La Casa de San Isidro (San Isidro's House), property of the Cornieles family, often visited by the Liberator and where he wrote the Angostura's Speech. Presently transformed into a museum where you can glance at the colonial lifestyle and admire the gorgeous surrounding gardens. [PAR] Gardens at San Isidro house [PAR] Reproduction of the desk used by Simon Bolivar to prepare his speech at the Angostura congress [PAR] It was also in Ciudad Bolivar where the first Venezuelan newspaper El Correo del Orinoco was printed. The newspaper house is today Bolivar Museum. Among its exhibits you can see the press used to first print the Correo del Orinoco and works of many Venezuelan artists such as Tito Salas, Lopez Mendez, Marisol Escobar, Alejandro Otero, Cruz Diez, Alirio Palacios and Hector Poleo among others. There also are objects of Pre-Colombian art and some petroglyphs. [PAR] Correo del Orinoco [PAR] Correo del Orinoco - Today Bolivar museum [PAR] Petroglyph [PAR] Cathedral - Wall where Piar was executed [PAR] Cathedral Facade [PAR] A most attracting place in the city is the Bolivar Square surrounded by The Angostura Congress House, The Cathedral with its peculiar salmon color, The Piar House where Manuel Piar was kept prisoner before being executed, The Parish House and the colonial Governor's House today's Town Hall. [PAR] Piar house [PAR] Parish house [PAR] Another historic monument is El Fortin Zamuro (The Zamuro Fortress) which played a decisive role in the victory of Ciudad Bolivar, where the independence revolution was definitely consolidated in 1903. [PAR] One of the prettiest sights Ciudad Bolivar offers is the Angostura Bridge over the Orinoco River. The bridge links Bolivar State to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elle Macpherson - IMDb Elle Macpherson - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actress | Producer [PAR] Elle Macpherson was born on March 29, 1964 in Cronulla, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia as Eleanor Nancy Gow. She is an actress and producer, known for Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model (2005), Miss Universe 2001 (2001) and 42nd Annual TV Week Logie Awards (2000). She has been married to Jeffrey Soffer since July 2013. She was previously ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mississippi Jazz Musician Lester (Prez) Young Mississippi Jazz Musician Lester (Prez) Young [PAR] Prez At His Very Best [PAR] Lester Young: A Biography [PAR] by Hashim Welch (SHS) [PAR] Hashim Welch, SHS Researcher [PAR] Lester Willis Young, nicknamed Prez, was born in Woodville, Mississippi, on August 27, 1909. Lester was taught how to play music by his father, Willis Handy Young, who was a very good musician in his own right. Lester was first taught to play the violin, the trumpet, and the drums.(Early years). He later decided to stick to the alto saxophone, despite the fact that the drums were his favorite instrument to play. When he was eleven years of age, Lester and his father moved to Minneapolis where they formed a family band and Lester played alto saxophone with them at age 13.(Bennett). He had a long history of disagreements with his father, and this caused him to leave the band when he was 19 (Early Years). [PAR] After leaving his family\u2019s band, Lester went on to play with Art Bronson in Phoenix, Arizona. He played with Bronson until 1930, when he moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota and played with various bands. He also took a brief trip back home to play with his family. In 1932, while playing at a club with Frank Hines, Young was signed as a member of \u201cThe Thirteen Original Blue Devils.\u201d He and the other band members moved to Kansas City to join Bennie Moten near the end of 1933. [PAR] During the years following 1933, Lester Young played in bands with Bennie Moten, George Lee, King Oliver, Count Basie, Fletcher Henderson, Andy Kirk, and many others. In 1936, when Young rejoined Count Basie, he rose to national fame for the first time. Lester\u2019s rising fame was significant in making Kansas City a major jazz city at this time. Of all the places he played, Lester will probably always be remembered as a Kansas City jazz man. For the next several years he and Basie toured, and recorded. He recorded on recordings featuring Billie Holiday who gave him the nickname, \u201cThe Prez.\u201d (She nicknamed him for president of the tenor saxophone, while he bestowed on her the name \u2018Lady Day\u2019.) In the early 1940\u2019s, Young played in small bands in the Los Angeles area alongside his brother, Lee Young, and musicians such as Red Callender, Nat \u2018King\u2019 Cole and Al Sears. During this period he returned briefly to the Basie band, making some excellent recordings, and also worked with Dizzy Gillespie. Late in 1944 he was conscripted into the US Army but was discharged in mid-summer the following year, having spent part of his military service in hospital and part in an army prison. In the mid 40\u2019s he was filmed by Gjon Mili in the classic jazz short, Jammin\u2019 The Blues, a venture which was co-produced by Norman Granz. At this time he also joined Granz\u2019s \u201cJazz At The Philharmonic,\u201d package, remaining with the organization for a number of years. He also led small groups for club and record dates, toured the USA and visited Europe. [PAR] Young\u2019s style was the traditional swing style that will always be linked with Basie\u2019s bands. Several famous musicians including Charlie Parker, Dexter Gordon, and Al Cohn were greatly influenced by Young. A majority of the songs Young played while in the Basie band where 32 bar blues with an AABA structure. When he began recording on his own, he mixed together ballads, blues, and moderate and fast tempo AABA structured tunes. He gradually moved toward his famous soft tone that inspired, most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE BIOGRAPH THEATER - prairieghosts.com THE BIOGRAPH THEATER [PAR] THE BIOGRAPH THEATER [PAR] THE LIFE & MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF JOHN DILLINGER [PAR] The scene outside of Chicago's Biograph Theater less than one hour after Dillinger. was allegedly killed by the FBI. [PAR] On the evening of July 22, 1934 a dapper-looking man wearing a straw hat and a pin-striped suit stepped out of the Biograph Theater in downtown Chicago where he and two girlfriends had watched a film called Manhattan Melodrama starring Clark Gable. No sooner had they reached the sidewalk when a man appeared and identified himself as Melvin Purvis of the FBI. He ordered the man in the straw hat to surrender. [PAR] Experience the Ghosts, Local Legends & Best Kept Secrets of the Windy City! [PAR] Weird Chicago Tours! [PAR] Several shots rang out and the fleeing man in the straw hat fell dead to the pavement, his left eye shredded by one of the shots fired by the other agents who lay in wait. So ended the life of John Herbert Dillinger, the most prolific bank robber in modern American history and the general public's favorite Public Enemy No. 1...... [PAR] or did it? [PAR] One of the most famous haunted theaters in the history of Chicago is the Biograph Theater, located on North Lincoln Avenue in downtown Chicago. It was here, in 1934, that John Dillinger supposedly met his end.... The theater has gained a reputation for being haunted, but the story of the ghost seen here actually revolves around the alleyway outside. But the theater, and the surrounding businesses, have banked on the criminal's name for many years. On the day after the fatal shots were fired, the bar next door placed a sign in the window that read \"Dillinger had his last drink here\". Theater patrons can examine a window in the box office that describes the set-up of Dillinger by the FBI. They can sit in the same seat where Dillinger sat nearly 65 years ago and after the film, they can emerge into \"Dillinger's Alley.... it is here where the ghost is said to appear. [PAR] But what really happened in the final moments of Dillinger's life? To answer the strange and perplexing questions surrounding his possible death, we have to first look at his bloody and violent life. [PAR] On the evening that he was killed, Dillinger left the theater in the company of Anna Sage (the famed \"Lady in Red\") and with another girlfriend, Polly Hamilton. He had been hiding out in her North Halstead Street apartment but for months he had been pursued diligently by Melvin Purvis, the head of the Chicago branch of the FBI. Purvis had lived and breathed Dillinger (and would, after the robber's death, commit suicide) and had narrowly missed him several times at a State Street and Austin Cafe; at Dillinger's north woods hideout in Sault St. Marie; and at Wisconsin's Little Bohemia, where FBI agents recklessly killed a civilian and injured two others. [PAR] It was finally at the Biograph where Purvis caught up with Dillinger and put an end to his career. [PAR] The criminal life of John Dillinger started in 1925 when he held up a grocery store in his hometown of Mooresville, Indiana. Pleading guilty, he was sentenced to serve 10-20 years in prison while his accomplice, who claimed not guilty, only received a sentence of 2 years. Dillinger spent the next 8 years in jail but when he was released in May of 1933, he robbed three banks in three months and netted more than $40,000."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs - Taste of Country Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs [PAR] Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Theo Wargo, Getty Images [PAR] Kenny Rogers \u2018 songs are iconic, but truth be told, the singer has seen success in just about every form of entertainment. In honor of one of the longest and most varied careers in showbiz history, we\u2019d like to take a moment to honor some of his most memorable recordings. [PAR] As one can imagine, this Top 10 Kenny Rogers songs list was extremely challenging to narrow down. However, we\u2019ve tried to select songs that represent several chapters of his career. From the obvious \u201cCoward of the County\u201d and \u201cRuby\u201d to classic American love songs like \u201cLady\u201d and \u201cThrough the Years,\u201d these are the cream of Rogers\u2019 crop. [PAR] 10 [PAR] From \u2018They Don\u2019t Make Them Like They Used To \u2018 (1986) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Kenny Rogers has become known as one of the great storytellers in country music. The gravelly voice has been the narrator for such story songs as \u201cThe Greatest,\u201d \u201cTomb of the Unknown Love\u201d and \u201cThe Factory.\u201d In addition to the story songs that appear on this list of the Top Kenny Rogers songs, we\u2019ve included \u201cTwenty Years Ago,\u201d a sentimental journey back in time. Regardless of age, the chorus seems to resonate the feelings of everyone \u2014 that \u201clife was so much easier twenty years ago.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] We could have easily compiled a list of just top Kenny Rogers love songs. Throughout his career, power ballads like \u201cI Don\u2019t Need You,\u201d \u201cShe Believes in Me\u201d and \u201cCrazy\u201d were best-sellers. In addition to the duets and the love songs that have made this list, we\u2019ve selected \u201cYou Decorated My Life\u201d as one of Rogers\u2019 overall best. From easy listening AM stations, hot country FM stations, and wedding receptions, this song has meant a lot to a lot of people. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cRuby, Don\u2019t Take Your Love to Town\u201d (with the First Edition) [PAR] From \u2018Ruby, Don\u2019t Take Your Love to Town\u2019 (1969) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] As the lead singer of the First Edition, Kenny Rogers\u2019 voice was at the forefront of some of their biggest hits \u2014 like this one. Penned by Mel Tillis, \u201cRuby\u201d was Rogers\u2019 first country chart entry. Although the song peaked at a modest No. 39, it\u2019s since become a staple of his catalog of hits and live shows. The tragic love story, set to a catchy beat, is a must-have on our list of Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cBuy Me a Rose\u201d (with Alison Krauss and Billy Dean) [PAR] From \u2018She Rides Wild Horses\u2019 (1999) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In the \u201880s, Rogers was the biggest act in country music, selling out arenas night after night. However, when the \u201890s rolled along, the trends changed and the consistent hitmaker fell off the charts. Rogers kept touring to big crowds and working on other entertainment projects, and in 1999 \u201cBuy Me a Rose\u201d brought the legend back to radio with a No. 1 hit. At the age of 61, the Gambler made history as the oldest singer to ever have a No. 1 solo it on the Billboard Country charts. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] After years of success with the Commodores, with songs like \u201cBrick House,\u201d \u201cEasy\u201d and \u201cThree Times a Lady,\u201d Lionel Richie began a career transition by writing a monster hit for Rogers in 1980. It\u2019s no surprise that there would be a mega hit in combining these successful hitmakers. \u201cLady\u201d topped the Country, Hot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GUY MITCHELL- \"HEARTACHES BY THE NUMBER\" (LYRICS) - YouTube YouTube [PAR] Undo [PAR] Close [PAR] \"GUY MITCHELL- \"HEARTACHES...\" The YouTube account associated with this video has been terminated due to multiple third-party notifications of copyright infringement. [PAR] Sorry about that."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] China Celebrates Victory Over \u201cGang of Four\u201d China Celebrates Victory Over \u201cGang of Four\u201d [PAR] China Celebrates Victory Over \u201cGang of Four\u201d [PAR] First Published: The Call, Vol. 6, No. 30, August 1, 1977. [PAR] Transcription, Editing and Markup: Paul Saba [PAR] Copyright: This work is in the Public Domain under the Creative Commons Common Deed . You can freely copy, distribute and display this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit the Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line as your source, include the url to this work, and note any of the transcribers, editors & proofreaders above. [PAR] A great victory has been won. A great wrong has been set right. The visit of our delegation to the People\u2019s Republic of China left us with these positive conclusions. [PAR] On our last day in China, we joined together with the millions of people in every corner of the country in massive demonstrations and celebrations of support for the important decisions, made at last week\u2019s plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. [PAR] We were in Canton when the news of the decisions was announced. Hua Kuo-feng was confirmed as chairman of the Party and head of the Military Commission of the Party\u2019s Central Committee. Secondly, Teng Hsiao-ping, the target of an attack by the \u201cgang of four,\u201d was returned to all of his former positions, including vice-chairman of the Party, vice-premier of the State Council, vice-chairman of the Military Commission and chief of the general staff of the People\u2019s Liberation Army. [PAR] The \u201cgang of four\u201d (Wang Hung-wen, Chang Chun-chiao, Chiang Ching, and Yao Wen-yuan) were removed from the Party. And finally, the plans were laid for the holding of the 11th National Congress of the CPC. [PAR] In the eyes of the 800 million people of China, justice had been carried out. On the afternoon of July 21, in anticipation of the announcement of the Central Committee decisions, wall posters had gone up all over the country supporting Chairman Hua and welcoming the return of Teng Hsiao-ping to his posts. By afternoon, the wine stores had already been emptied of Mao Tai and other wines. Every firecracker had been grabbed up. [PAR] In Canton, despite a request that fireworks not be set off for fear of fires in this 2,000-year-old city, the explosions began with the public announcement of the Party communique. The air was filled with a massive bursting of fireworks as the celebrations began, first in the local units and then pouring out into the streets. [PAR] From every corner of the city, the marchers came, carrying brightly painted banners and pictures of Chairman Mao and his successor Chairman Hua. Gongs and drums beat loudly well into the morning hours. [PAR] The pictures of our delegation\u2019s meeting with Chairman Hua had appeared earlier on the front page of the newspapers, and many people stopped on the streets to shake our hands and congratulate us on the founding of our Party. [PAR] The following day, in every city and locality in China, mass meetings of millions of people were held as speakers explained the decisions of the plenary session and summed up the 11th two-line struggle in the history of this 56-year-old party. These meetings and festivals consolidated the victory. The people who had poured out their tears many times in the past year\u2013with the passing of their beloved leaders, Chairman Mao, Premier Chou, and Chu Teh, with the terrible toll of human lives in the massive earthquakes last July\u2013were now delirious with joy. [PAR] To understand why,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Profile: The big noise of squash: Jonah Barrington - Owen ... Profile: The big noise of squash: Jonah Barrington - Owen Slot studies the qualities of a sporting legend who is keen to put officialdom in its place | The Independent [PAR] Profile: The big noise of squash: Jonah Barrington - Owen Slot studies the qualities of a sporting legend who is keen to put officialdom in its place [PAR] Saturday 13 August 1994 23:02 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] TWENTY-ONE years after his last great triumph, Jonah Barrington, the most successful British squash player ever, can be found, for hours every day, still stalking the courts. He is now 53 and shackled by a limp, but though the body weakens, no punishment that time can mete out will ever shake his resolve, the element which won him six British Open titles. For, as he says himself, there were far more talented players around. [PAR] Barrington's career was a victory for the man of limited means. He was the inspiration for many then, as he still is now for the proteges who are graced with his presence on court. But you would have to go to Holland to see him in action, for there is no place for Barrington in the British game. [PAR] There was until last December, when his five-year role as the director of excellence with the Squash Rackets Association was deemed further to requirements. What the suits who dismissed him hardly expected was his nomination, last week, to join their company as the Association's head. [PAR] Barringtonwas furious when his contract was not renewed but his ambition to become SRA president is born neither of revenge, nor of an ego in need of a massage. It is pure affection for the sport that has thrown him into the fight; squash in Britain is sick and he sees it as his duty to nurse it back to health. It was he, after all, who helped it come of age. [PAR] Much of Barrington's good work is still there. As a director of excellence he has taken Britain to the verge of greatness: there are at present 23 British professionals in the world's Top 50, most of them young and with the potential to improve. What infuriated Barrington about the SRA's decision was that here was the class of the future, nurtured to excellence, scaling the heights of the world game, and just as they approach its peak, they were robbed of the mentor who had talked them through every step of the climb and left to go the distance unguided. [PAR] This is no exaggeration. Barrington has worked with some of these boys since 1979 when he started running national junior squads. When funding from the SRA ceased temporarily, the squads started to live not only off his knowledge, but out of his own pocket too. Knocking around in his under-10 classes in those early days were both Peter Marshall and Simon Parke, now the top two in Britain, but both missing his influence. 'I'd like to see him now,' Parke said. 'If only to have a feeding session before the season begins. Even then his electrifying enthusiasm comes right through.' [PAR] So much for the healthier side of the game. The debit lies in the bank balance: a deficit in the last tax year of nearly pounds 100,000 thanks in part to a reduction in the Sports Council's grant, but also to the sport's credibility which has dipped so low that its national league cannot find a sponsor. Barrington"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aaron Copland | About the Composer | American Masters | PBS Aaron Copland | About the Composer | American Masters | PBS [PAR] About the Composer [PAR] Aaron Copland: A Self Portrait [PAR] About the Composer [PAR] Comments [PAR] Aaron Copland. Photo: The Library of Congress [PAR] Aaron Copland was one of the most respected American classical composers of the twentieth century. By incorporating popular forms of American music such as jazz and folk into his compositions, he created pieces both exceptional and innovative. As a spokesman for the advancement of indigenous American music, Copland made great strides in liberating it from European influence. Today, ten years after his death, Copland\u2019s life and work continue to inspire many of America\u2019s young composers. [PAR] Copland was born in Brooklyn, New York, on November 14, 1900. The child of Jewish immigrants from Lithuania, he first learned to play the piano from his older sister. At the age of sixteen he went to Manhattan to study with Rubin Goldmark, a respected private music instructor who taught Copland the fundamentals of counterpoint and composition. During these early years he immersed himself in contemporary classical music by attending performances at the New York Symphony and Brooklyn Academy of Music. He found, however, that like many other young musicians, he was attracted to the classical history and musicians of Europe. So, at the age of twenty, he left New York for the Summer School of Music for American Students at Fountainebleau, France. [PAR] In France, Copland found a musical community unlike any he had known. It was at this time that he sold his first composition to Durand and Sons, the most respected music publisher in France. While in Europe Copeland met many of the important artists of the time, including the famous composer Serge Koussevitsky. Koussevitsky requested that Copland write a piece for the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The piece, \u201cSymphony for Organ and Orchestra\u201d (1925) was Copland\u2019s entry into the life of professional American music. He followed this with \u201cMusic for the Theater\u201d (1925) and \u201cPiano Concerto\u201d (1926), both of which relied heavily on the jazz idioms of the time. For Copland, jazz was the first genuinely American major musical movement. From jazz he hoped to draw the inspiration for a new type of symphonic music, one that could distinguish itself from the music of Europe. [PAR] In the late 1920s Copland\u2019s attention turned to popular music of other countries. He had moved away from his interest in jazz and began to concern himself with expanding the audience for American classical music. He believed that classical music could eventually be as popular as jazz in America or folk music in Mexico. He worked toward this goal with both his music and a firm commitment to organizing and producing. He was an active member of many organizations, including both the American Composers\u2019 Alliance and the League of Composers. Along with his friend Roger Sessions, he began the Copland-Sessions concerts, dedicated to presenting the works of young composers. It was around this same time that his plans for an American music festival (similar to ones in Europe) materialized as the Yaddo Festival of American Music (1932). By the mid-\u201930s Copland had become not only one of the most popular composers in the country, but a leader of the community of American classical musicians. [PAR] It was in 1935 with \u201cEl Sal\u00f3n M\u00e9xico\u201d that Copland began his most productive and popular years. The piece presented a new sound that had its roots in Mexican folk music. Copland believed that through this music, he could find his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edith Cavell, shot by Germans during WWI, celebrated 100 ... Edith Cavell, shot by Germans during WWI, celebrated 100 years on | World news | The Guardian [PAR] First world war [PAR] Edith Cavell, shot by Germans during WWI, celebrated 100 years on [PAR] Centenary of death of British nurse executed for treason in 1915 marked as evidence emerges of possible links to British intelligence [PAR] Edith Cavell was hailed as a Christian martyr and dubbed \u2018our Joan of Arc\u2019 by the British press. Photograph: UniversalImagesGroup/Getty Images [PAR] Monday 12 October 2015 02.00 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Tuesday 13 October 2015 14.12 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 1 year old [PAR] On 12 October 1915, British nurse Edith Cavell was shot at dawn by a German firing squad in Brussels for helping hundreds of allied soldiers escape from occupied Belgium. [PAR] From the archive, 22 October 1915: The execution of Miss Cavell [PAR] Read more [PAR] A century later, she is being celebrated in exhibitions and concerts in Norwich Cathedral and in public buildings in the city, and in the nearby village of Swardeston where her father was vicar and where she grew up. [PAR] Cavell was hailed as a Christian martyr concerned only with saving the lives of allied soldiers. Her execution provoked outrage in Britain. Egged on by the government, she was dubbed \u201cour Joan of Arc\u201d by the press. [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] The wording on the monument to Edith Cavell near Trafalgar Square in London remains controversial. Photograph: Graeme Robertson for the Guardian [PAR] \u201cEverybody must feel disgusted at the barbarous actions of the German soldiery in murdering this great and glorious specimen of womanhood,\u201d wrote Arthur Conan Doyle. [PAR] A headline in the Manchester Guardian on 22 October 1915 read: \u201cMerciless Execution of Nurse Cavell,\u201d while an editorial dwelled on the \u201ccallousness\u201d and \u201cbrutality\u201d of the German occupiers in Belgium, and the way Cavell\u2019s execution was carried out quickly and secretly. [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Edith Cavell\u2019s grave in France. Photograph: Tim Ockenden/PA [PAR] Her death, at a time when the war was going badly for the allies, led to a huge increase in the number of volunteers signing up to join the British army. [PAR] Cavell is remembered in Norwich above all as a pioneering nurse. One of her lasting legacies is the Cavell Nurses\u2019 Trust , which provides financial support for nurses in need. She had returned to Belgium, where she had set up the first secular training hospital for nurses, after the outbreak of war in 1914, saying: \u201cAt a time like this, I am needed more than ever\u201d. [PAR] Nick Miller, the chair of the Norfolk Cavell 2015 Partnership said: \u201cTo me she seems to embody the Good Samaritan. Edith risked her own life over nine months to help men who came to her with no way home.\u201d [PAR] Edith Cavell: nurse, martyr, and spy? | Vanessa Heggie [PAR] Read more [PAR] But other, more uncomfortable, sides to her story are emerging amid renewed controversy over her legacy, and even the wording on her statue outside St Martin-in-the-Fields near Trafalgar Square in London. [PAR] Cavell\u2019s biographer, Diana Souhami, records that following her execution, MI5 was anxious to suppress anything that would implicate Cavell in spying. Stella Rimington, a former head of the intelligence agency, said recently after researching Belgian archives: \u201cHer main objective was to get hidden allied soldiers back to Britain but, contrary to the common perception of her, we have uncovered clear evidence that her organisation was involved in sending back secret intelligence to the allies.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is the trio Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, and Mrinal ... Why is the trio Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, and Mrinal Sen considered as the greatest film directors from India? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written Nov 25, 2014 [PAR] If there is any discussion even remotely associated with parallel cinema or Indian cinema in general, it finds a root in the thriving rivalry of perhaps three of the greatest filmmakers the country has nurtured. [PAR] The dawn of \"parallel\" cinema in India is often attributed to Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak, who began working in the Bengali film industry in the early '50s. Parallel cinema was considered an adversary to conventional cinema, a brand of cinema that churned out economical films and focused mainly on social realism, humanitarianism, expressionism and societal issues like caste. [PAR] In 1955, with some financial help from the West Bengal government and after a rather lengthy production, Ray's Pather Panchali debuted internationally to broad critical acclaim and was one of the first films to provide a glimpse into the traditions of this country to the global audiences. Pather Panchali, an outstanding cinematic achievement as it stands presently, is understandably considered to be a landmark film for the very reason that it was one of the early films to rival mainstream films so dauntlessly in India, and was also a fillip to the emerging new type of cinema. Prior to this, only Chetan Anand's Neecha Nagar was an Indian film that had made any kind of substantial impact globally when it won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946. The films of V. Shantaram were also occasionally screened abroad, wresting praise from none other than Charlie Chaplin himself for his film, Manoos, but this particular titbit wasn't momentous. [PAR] Mrinal Sen also made his debut with Raat Bhore the same year, but the outset of his career wasn't as distinguished as Ray's. Ghatak's Nagarik, finished in 1952, was perhaps one of the earliest attempts to create an independent art film tackling neo-realism as a subject, but even his directorial debut was suppressed by Pather Panchali because Nagarik was mysteriously released in 1977. However, Nagarik is still recognized as a film that perhaps gave a helping hand to the teetering Indian independent film movement back then. [PAR] Though Ray continued to dominate the international film scene with two succeeding installments in his Apu Trilogy, and followed it up with Mahanagar and Charulata in the early '60s, fame came fairly late for his two eminent rivals. Though the works of the three remained heavily praised in their birth country, only Ray's works made international headlines. [PAR] In 1969 and with a little monetary aid from the Indian government, Sen's Bhuvan Shome, a film I personally consider to be among the finest Hindi films I have seen, finally fetched him international acclaim. By then, Ray was already an established legend in the world of film while Ghatak's films remained in the realms of his homeland. The three continued their meritorious rivalry to the end of their careers, but remained ardent admirers of each other's oeuvre. [PAR] What elevates the work of these auteurs is that not only have they taken the cinema of this country to the foreign audiences, but also they had given it an - albeit temporary - identity. Their films were steeped in socio-realism, a rarity in modern films that routinely illustrate distorted portraits of the Indian society, and represented a level of artistry in Indian cinema that hasn't been matched ever since. [PAR] After the initiation of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Simple Minds - Don't You (Forget About Me) - YouTube Simple Minds - Don't You (Forget About Me) - YouTube [PAR] Simple Minds - Don't You (Forget About Me) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 3, 2010 [PAR] Acoustic \u2013 12 songs reimagined acoustically - out now on CD/Vinyl/Stream/Download \u2013 featuring Don\u2019t You (Forget About Me), Promised You A Miracle FT KT Tunstall, American and many more. https://SimpleMindsInl.lnk.to/AcousticID [PAR] Listen to the complete playlist on Spotify here: https://SimpleMindsInl.lnk.to/ListenID [PAR] Sign up for news http://po.st/SMNewsLetter [PAR] Follow Simple Minds online:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sony purchased CBS records in 1988, then set its ... Sony purchased CBS records in 1988 then set its - AMERICAN I - American I [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Sony purchased CBS records in 1988, then set its sight on a motion picture company. Other cash-rich Japanese companies had put up money to make some movies in the past, but Morita wanted Sony to be the first Japanese company to own a Hollywood studio lock, stock, and barrel. Not all of Sony\u2019s top executives were convinced purchasing a studio would be beneficial for the company. To some, Morita\u2019s argument for a \u201csoftware-hardware synergy\u201d sounded less than totally convincing, especially after Sony\u2019s chairman decided to purchase the Columbia Picture group for $3.4 billion for the studio, which some people in Hollywood estimated was $1 billion more than Columbia was worth. A struggling studio like Columbia, which had less than a 10 percent share of the domestic market in the 1980\u2019s, hardly had the power to drive the sale of Sony\u2019s hardware. Many people in Japan speculated that at least in part, Morita\u2019s acquisition of an American film studio was motivated by his \u201cbruised ego and an overwhelming desire to awe his opponents into submission\u201d (Klein, Hollywood ). Sony\u2019s top executives were not the only ones with reservations about the acquisition. Business associates also warned Akio Morita that the management styles in Japan and America were not compatible calling the decision to purchase the troubled studio a \u201cmistake.\u201d Keiji Shima, then the chairman of NHK, the Japanese public broadcasting company reportedly told Morita, \u201c\u2019you don\u2019t understand Hollywood. It won\u2019t work. You\u2019re asking for trouble. You\u2019re getting into a business that you won\u2019t be able to control. Don\u2019t do it! \u2019\u201d (Klein, Hollywood ). Despite the concerns, Sony\u2019s board 6 [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] of directors approved Morita\u2019s plan to purchase Columbia Pictures in 1989. Morita was reportedly proud of the fact that this acquisition would rank as the most expensive foreign takeover of an American company. To head Sony\u2019s new motion picture division, Akio Morita turned to veteran producers Peter Guber and Jon Peters, a producing team riding high on the international success of Batman and Rain Man , two of the biggest blockbusters of the 1980\u2019s. Despite the team\u2019s limited high-level executive experience, the partners managed to dazzle the Sony chairman, who decided to buy out Guber-Peters Entertainment Company for $200 million, and hired the two producers to run Sony Pictures Entertainment. Many entertainment industry insiders believed Sony\u2019s decision to hire the two producers was a recipe for disaster, and guaranteed the failure of their venture into Hollywood. Frank Price, former head of Columbia who worked briefly with Sony in the late 1980\u2019s said, \u201cWhat the Japanese got with Guber and Peters was two hustlers\u201d (Klein, Tycoon ). After Guber and Peters were brought onboard, Sony learned that the two producers were legally bound by an exclusive production contract to Warner Brothers. Warner Brothers refused to release Guber and Peters from their contract until Sony paid [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] TERM [PAR] AMERICAN I American I - Spring 2012 [PAR] B1. (Choosing financial targets) Bixton Companys new chief financial officer is evalu [PAR] bixton"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mark Spitz - Olympics Wiki - Wikia Mark Spitz | Olympics Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Spitz was born in Modesto, California, the first of three children [3] of Arnold and Lenore (Smith) Spitz. His family is Jewish. [4] When he was two years old, Spitz's family moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he swam at Waikiki Beach every day. \"You should have seen that little boy dash into the ocean. He'd run like he was trying to commit suicide.\" Lenore Spitz told a reporter for Time (April 12, 1968). [3] At age six his family returned to Sacramento, California, and he began to compete at his local swim club. At age nine, he was training at Arden Hills Swim Club in Sacramento with swimming coach Sherm Chavoor, who mentored seven Olympic medal winners including Spitz. Before he was 10, Spitz held 17 national age-group records, and one world record. At 14 his family moved to Santa Clara so Spitz could train with George F. Haines of the Santa Clara Swim Club. From 1964 to 1968 Mark trained with Haines at SCSC and Santa Clara High School. During his four years there, Mark held national high school records in every stroke and in every distance. It was a remarkable and unprecedented achievement. In 1966 at age 16 he won the 100 meter butterfly at the National AAU Championships, the first of his 24 AAU titles. The following year Mark set his first world record at a small California meet in the 400 meter freestyle with a time of 4:10.60, and emerged on the world swimming stage. [5] [PAR] Swimming career [PAR] Edit [PAR] The 1965 Maccabiah Games was his first international competition. At age 15 in Tel Aviv, Spitz, won four gold medals and was named the most outstanding athlete. [3] [PAR] He returned to Israel in 1969 following the Mexico Olympics to again compete in the Maccabiah Games. This time he won six gold medals. [6] He was again named outstanding athlete of the Games. [7] [PAR] In 1985 Spitz lit a torch to open the Maccabiah Games. [8] [PAR] In 2005 he was a member of the U.S. delegation at the 17th Maccabiah Games. He spoke at the JCC Maccabiah Games Opening Ceremonies, which was held in Richmond, Virginia. The Weinstein JCC in Richmond was one of the Host JCC's for the 2005 games with over 1,000 teenagers participating in various sports, including swimming. [PAR] Pan American Games [PAR] In 1967 he won five gold medals at the Pan American Games, thereby setting a record that lasted until 2007 when Brazilian swimmer, Thiago Pereira, won six golds at the XV Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro. [PAR] 1968 Olympics [PAR] Edit [PAR] Holder of ten world records already, Spitz predicted brashly he would win six golds at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. However, he won only two team golds: the 4 \u00d7 100 meter freestyle relay in 3:31:70, and the 4 \u00d7 200 meter freestyle relay in 7:52:33. In addition, Spitz finished second in the 100m butterfly in 00:56:40. In this event he was beaten by fellow American Doug Russell by a half second, despite holding the world record and having beaten Russell the previous ten times they had swum against each other that year. [9] Russell did briefly match Spitz's world record in late August 1967, holding the world record equally with Spitz for five days before Spitz regained it solely on October 2, 1967. As a result of being beaten by Russell, Spitz did not get to swim"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Honky Tonk Angels by Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn & Tammy ... Honky Tonk Angels by Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn & Tammy Wynette on Apple Music [PAR] 12 Songs [PAR] Album Review [PAR] Legend is a hefty title to carry, especially if you're still kicking. The standards are high, the expectations immense. Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn, and Tammy Wynette are, nevertheless, legends of country music with decades of albums and awards to prove it. And they are very much still kicking on Honky Tonk Angels \u2014 just in case anyone needs a little reminder. You can even hear how much fun they had singing together, setting aside any historic competition and letting their love of country music shine through, each gracefully moving between lead and harmony vocals. As for the song selection, it covers a wide swath of country history from tunes made famous by early pioneers like Ferlin Husky, the Davis Sisters, and Hank Locklin to their own more contemporary compositions. If that weren't enough credibility, Kitty Wells lends her amazing voice to the opening anthem \"It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels.\" Pure goodness. In another twist, Patsy Cline sings on \"Lovesick Blues\" with Parton, Lynn, and Wynette backing her. The closing track sums up the humorous reverence that permeates much of country music. \"I Dreamed of a Hillbilly Heaven\" was a hit for Tex Ritter in 1961 and is a surprising choice that seems a bit out of place, but somehow works well enough. For fans of traditional country or great singers, this is a fun listen because it nicely captures three of the best voices around. [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] Great traditional country music - period [PAR] [PAR] by Buzzmike [PAR] This outstanding traditional country music album by three legends blending their voices and talents makes this album a must have. I love \"It Wasn't God Who Made....\" a lot. [PAR] It's Great : ) [PAR] [PAR] by AddieBelle [PAR] I really like this cd! It has three of my favorite singers: Dolly, Tammy, and Loretta! Patsy Cline and Kitty Wells gest star on it too.Their cover of Linda Ronstadts' \"Silver Threads and Golde Needles\" is amazing. Some of my favorite songs on it include \"Sittin on the Front Porch Swing\" and \"Let Her Fly\". The song \"I Dreamed of a Hillbilly Heaven\" is another one of my favorites but by now is a little out of date. Dolly seems to sing the most songs on the album and also produces it with Steve Buckingham. A must have for any classic country music fan! [PAR] Alan [PAR] It just does not get much better then these three amazing ladies... [PAR] Biography [PAR] Born: January 19, 1946 in Locust Ridge, TN [PAR] Genre: Country [PAR] Years Active: '50s, '60s, '70s, '80s, '90s, '00s, '10s [PAR] It's difficult to find a country performer who has moved from her country roots to international fame more successfully than Dolly Parton. Her autobiographical single \"Coat of Many Colors\" shows the poverty of growing up one of 12 children on a rundown farm in Locust Ridge, Tennessee. At 12 years old, she was appearing on Knoxville television; at 13 she was recording on a small label and appearing on the Grand Ole Opry. Her 1967 hit \"Dumb Blonde\" (which she's not) caught Porter Wagoner's ear, and... [PAR] Top Albums and Songs by Dolly Parton [PAR] 1.[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Honky Tonk Angels: Dolly Parton with Tammy ... Amazon.com: Honky Tonk Angels: Dolly Parton with Tammy Wynette & Loretta Lynn: MP3 Downloads [PAR] Dolly Parton with Tammy Wynette & Loretta Lynn [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie Curie - Questions and Answers - Nobel Prize Marie Curie - Questions and Answers [PAR] Marie Curie [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 [PAR] Marie Curie [PAR] Marie Curie - Questions and Answers [PAR] Question: When was Marie Curie born? [PAR] Answer: Marie Curie was born on 7 November 1867. [PAR] Question: When did she die? [PAR] Answer: Marie Curie died on 4 July 1934, in Savoy, France. She died of aplastic anaemia, a blood disease that often results from exposure to large amounts of radiation. [PAR] Question: Where was she born? [PAR] Answer: She was born in Warsaw, now the capital of Poland, but at that time the city belonged to the Russian Empire. [PAR] Question: What was her maiden name? [PAR] Answer: Her maiden name was Maria Sklodowska. She was also called 'Manya' by her family and friends. She later changed her name to 'Marie' when she moved to Paris, France in later years. [PAR] Question: What was her family background? [PAR] Answer: Marie had four brothers and sisters. Both her parents were teachers. Her father was a patriot whose views about an independent Poland often made it difficult for him to keep his job. When Marie was 11 years old, her oldest sister died of typhus and her mother of tuberculosis. [PAR] Question: What was her educational background? [PAR] Answer: Marie finished high school at 15, with the highest honours. She worked as a private tutor for children in Poland before moving to Paris, France at the age of 24 to study mathematics and physics at the Sorbonne. Her goal was to get a teacher's diploma and return to Poland. [PAR] Question: Why did she not return to Poland? [PAR] Answer: Marie stayed in France after she met a French scientist, Pierre Curie, in the spring of 1894. Pierre was the head of a laboratory at the School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry. She later married Pierre and they had two daughters, Ir\u00e8ne , born in 1897, and Eve, born in 1904. Marie and Pierre worked together in the laboratory, which later resulted in a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, making Marie Curie the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize. [PAR] Question: What was the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded for? [PAR] Answer: Henri Becquerel was awarded half of the prize for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity. Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded half the prize for their research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel. [PAR] Question: What did Marie Curie discover? [PAR] Answer: Marie Curie studied the radiation of all compounds containing the known radioactive elements, including uranium and thorium, which she later discovered was also radioactive. She also found out that: [PAR] - you can exactly measure the strength of the radiation from uranium; [PAR] - the intensity of the radiation is proportional to the amount of uranium or thorium in the compound - no matter what compound it is; [PAR] - the ability to emit radiation does not depend on the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule; it must be linked to the interior of the atom itself - a revolutionary discovery! [PAR] When she realized that some uranium and/or thorium compounds had stronger radiation than uranium, she made the following hypothesis: there must be an unknown element in the compound which had a stronger radiation than uranium or thorium. Her work aroused the interest of her husband, Pierre Curie, who stopped his own research on crystals and joined the \"detective work\" with his wife. And Marie was proven right: in 1898 the Curies discovered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil Country Code 55 Country Code BR Brazil Country Code 55 Country Code BR [PAR] About Brazil Hide [PAR] CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details Brazil phone code. [PAR] The Brazil country code 55 will allow you to call Brazil from another country. Brazil telephone code 55 is dialed after the IDD. Brazil international dialing 55 is followed by an area code. [PAR] The Brazil area code table below shows the various city codes for Brazil. Brazil country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete Brazil dialing code, you can make your international call."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Danny DeVito - Biography - IMDb Danny DeVito - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Danny DeVito [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 61 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (44) | Personal Quotes (7) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 4' 10\" (1.47 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Danny DeVito has amassed a formidable and versatile body of work as an actor, producer and director that spans the stage, television and film. [PAR] Daniel Michael DeVito Jr. was born on November 17, 1944, in Neptune, New Jersey, to Italian-American parents. His mother, Julia (Moccello), was a homemaker. His father, Daniel, Sr., was a small business owner whose ventures included a dry cleaning shop, a dairy outlet, a diner, and a pool hall. [PAR] While growing up in Asbury Park, his parents sent him to private schools. He attended Our Lady of Mount Carmel grammar school and Oratory Prep School. Following graduation in 1962, he took a job as a cosmetician at his sister's beauty salon. A year later, he enrolled at New York's American Academy of Dramatic Arts so he could learn more about cosmetology. While at the academy, he fell in love with acting and decided to further pursue an acting career. During this time, he met another aspiring actor Michael Douglas at the National Playwrights Conference in Waterford, Connecticut. The two would later go on to collaborate on numerous projects. Soon after he also met an actress named Rhea Perlman . The two fell in love and moved in together. They were married in 1982 and had three children together. [PAR] In 1968, Danny landed his first part in a movie when he appeared as a thug in the obscure Dreams of Glass (1970). Despite this minor triumph, Danny became discouraged with the film industry and decided to focus on stage productions. He made his Off-Broadway debut in 1969 in \"The Man With the Flower in His Mouth.\" He followed this up with stage roles in \"The Shrinking Bride,\" and \"Lady Liberty.\" In 1975, he was approached by director Milos Forman and Michael Douglas about appearing in the film version of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), which would star Jack Nicholson in the leading role. With box office success almost guaranteed and a chance for national exposure, Danny agreed to the role. The movie became a huge hit, both critically and financially, and still ranks today as one the greatest movies of all time. Unfortunately, the movie did very little to help Danny's career. In the years following, he was relegated to small movie roles and guest appearances on television shows. His big break came in 1978 when he auditioned for a role on an ABC sitcom pilot called Taxi (1978), which centered around taxi cab drivers at a New York City garage. Danny auditioned for the role of dispatcher Louie DePalma. At the audition, the producers told Danny that he needed to show more attitude in order to get the part. He then slammed down the script and yelled, \"Who wrote this sh**?\" The producers, realizing he was perfect for the part, brought him on board. The show was a huge success, running from 1978 to 1983. [PAR] Louie DePalma, played flawlessly by Danny, became one of the most memorable (and reviled) characters in television history. While he was universally hated by TV viewers, he was well-praised by critics, winning an Emmy award and being nominated three other times. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Danny maintained his status as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chinook - The Canadian Encyclopedia Chinook - The Canadian Encyclopedia [PAR] Science & Medicine [PAR] Chinook [PAR] In Canada, the chinook belt lies almost exclusively within southern and central Alberta. The wind occurs in every season, but it is more distinctive and numerous in the winter, when the unseasonable warming it brings differentiates it from the normal cold winter weather. [PAR] Chinook [PAR] Chinook, warm, dry, gusty, westerly WIND that blows down the Rocky Mountains into the mountains' eastern slopes and the western prairies. The chinook, a native word meaning &QUOT;snow eater,&QUOT; belongs to a family of winds experienced in many parts of the world where long mountain chains lie more or less at right angles to the prevailing wind. Examples include the foehn in Europe, the zonda in Argentina and the berg in South Africa. [PAR] In Canada, the chinook belt lies almost exclusively within southern and central Alberta. The wind occurs in every season, but it is more distinctive and numerous in the winter, when the unseasonable warming it brings differentiates it from the normal cold winter weather. In southwestern Alberta, one in 3 winter days is a chinook day; its frequency drops to one in 5 in the northeast. The maximum daily temperature anomaly associated with the wind ranges from +13\u00b0C in the northwest to +25\u00b0C in the southeast. The temperature rise at the onset of the event is abrupt and steep; an increase of 27\u00b0C in 2 minutes has been observed. [PAR] The warmth of the chinook is derived primarily from 2 nonmutually exclusive sources. Firstly, the replacement of arctic air (the mean temperature at Calgary's elevation is -24\u00b0C) by maritime air (-2\u00b0C) improves surface temperatures. Secondly, if the downslope flow occurs following a loss of moisture through precipitation on the windward side of the mountain, the heat used to change the water into vapour (latent heat) is returned to the air parcel and warms it. The downslope flow leeward of the mountain warms the wind further, reducing its relative humidity sometimes down to 25% or less. Wind speed ranges from 16 km/h to 60 km/h, gusting to 100 km/h. [PAR] The chinook melts snow, dries soil, desiccates vegetation and is a factor in soil erosion. Most people appreciate the chinook because it is a pleasant break from the frigid winter temperatures characteristic of the region. However, a significant minority complain of discomforts ranging from headaches and earaches to depression and attempted suicide. [PAR] recommended[DOC] [TLE] Winds - Rocky Mountain National Park (U.S. National Park ... Winds - Rocky Mountain National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Winds [PAR] by Elizabeth Waddell [PAR] While the prevailing winds may blow from the west, mountain valleys act as a wind funnel, providing locally divergent wind patterns. When air is funneled around mountains, locally strong winds are created (just as skyscrapers may channel wind in an urban setting.) Summits and crests are perpetually windy. But these blustery winds are mild compared to two famous winter-time winds. [PAR] Chinook \u2013 The Snow Eater [PAR] Anyone who\u2019s lived in the area for very long is familiar with the strong, dry, warm winds that sometimes develop in the winter quickly raising the temperature by 50 degrees Fahrenheit or more. These winds are called \u201cChinooks\u201d after a Native American tribe in the Northwest where the air masses originate. [PAR] As warm, moist air blows ashore on the coast, it runs into a barrier of mountains. As the air is forced to climb upwards, over the mountains, it cools down. During this rising and cooling, the airmass will release most of its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parkinson's Disease | The Biography of Michael J. Fox: On ... The Biography of Michael J. Fox: On a Quest to Cure Parkinson's Disease | Parkinson's Disease [PAR] MICHAEL'S STORY [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Michael J. Fox was born Michael Andrew Fox in 1961 to parents William and Phyllis in Edmonton, the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta. (He later adopted the \"J\" as an homage to legendary character actor Michael J. Pollard.) Fox, a self-described \"Army brat,\" moved several times during his childhood along with his parents, brother, and three sisters. The Foxes finally planted roots in Burnaby, British Columbia (a suburb of Vancouver), when William Fox retired from the Canadian Armed Forces in 1971. [PAR] Career [PAR] Like most Canadian kids, Fox loved hockey and dreamed of a career in the National Hockey League. In his teens, his interests expanded. He began experimenting with creative writing and art and played guitar in a succession of rock-and-roll garage bands before ultimately realizing his affinity for acting. Fox debuted as a professional actor at 15, co-starring in the sitcom Leo and Me on Canadian Broadcasting Corp. (CBC) with future Tony Award-winner Brent Carver. Over the next three years, he juggled local theater and TV work, and landed a few roles in American TV movies shooting in Canada. When he was 18, Fox moved to Los Angeles. He had a series of bit parts, including one in CBS' short-lived (yet critically acclaimed) Alex Haley/Norman Lear series \"Palmerstown USA\" before winning the role of lovable conservative Alex P. Keaton on NBC's enormously popular \"Family Ties\" (1982-89). During Fox's seven years on \"Ties,\" he earned three Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe, making him one of the country's most prominent young actors. [PAR] \"Spin City\" reunited Fox with Family Ties creator/executive producer Gary David Goldberg. Together with Bill Lawrence, Goldberg created the series expressly for Fox, establishing it as a joint venture of Dreamworks SKG, Goldberg's UBU Productions, and Lottery Hill Entertainment (run by Fox and partner Nelle Fortenberry, now a member of the Board of Directors of The Michael J. Fox Foundation). Goldberg served as co-executive producer with Fox for Spin City's first and second seasons, and Lawrence stepped in during the third. For the fourth seasons, Rosenthal and Cadiff shared duties with Fox. [PAR] In other television work, Fox starred in Woody Allen's \"Don't Drink the Water\" in 1994. He directed Teri Garr and Bruno Kirby in an episode of \"Tales From the Crypt\" and later directed an installment of the series \"Brooklyn Bridge.\" [PAR] Fox also had time during his busy TV work to become an international film star, appearing in over a dozen features showcasing his keen ability to shift between comedy and drama. These include the Back to the Future trilogy, The Hard Way , Doc Hollywood , The Secret of My Success , Bright Lights , Big City , Light of Day , Teen Wolf , Casualties of War , Life With Mikey , For Love or Money , The American President , Greedy , The Frighteners , and Mars Attacks! [PAR] Fox married his \"Family Ties\" co-star, actress Tracy Pollan, in 1988. Together they have four children. Inspired to find projects that his kids would enjoy, Fox has lent his voice to a variety of hit children's films since the early 1990s. He began as Chance the dog in Disney's Homeward Bound movies. In December 1999, he provided the voice of Stuart Little for the Sony feature of the same name, and in the summer of 2001 Fox's voice was heard as that of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Was \u201cHeaven\u2019s Gate\u201d the Worst Movie Ever Filmed in a ... Was \u201cHeaven\u2019s Gate\u201d the Worst Movie Ever Filmed in a National Park? | National Parks Traveler [PAR] Was \u201cHeaven\u2019s Gate\u201d the Worst Movie Ever Filmed in a National Park? [PAR] By Bob Janiskee on September 1st, 2009 [PAR] Heaven's Gate set in Glacier National Park. Jim Burnett photo. [PAR] The 1980 movie Heaven\u2019s Gate, a mega-flop filmed in Glacier National Park , was so wretched that it destroyed the director\u2019s reputation, helped extinct United Artists, and sent Hollywood westerns to the doghouse. [PAR] As the saying goes, it seemed like a pretty good idea at the time. Back in 1978, director Michael Cimino talked United Artists studio into producing a major western film based on the Johnson County War, a late frontier era (1892) range war in which struggling immigrant ranchers fought an uphill battle against powerful cattle barons and their hired killers in Wyoming\u2019s Powder River Country. It was David vs. Goliath with rustling, lynching, a sheriff\u2019s posse, the Sixth U.S. Cavalry Regiment, and scenic grandeur thrown in for good measure. [PAR] Cimino would direct this big-budget epic, and boy, did he ever look like a sure thing. Everything was breaking right for him. His 1978 movie The Deer Hunter, now a classic, would walk away with the 1979 Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director. He was a man with the Midas Touch. [PAR] With a big story, a big director, and a big budget, it wasn\u2019t hard to sign up actors who could carry the weight. The leading roles went to Kris Kristofferson, Isabelle Huppert, and Christopher Walken. The large supporting cast included such notables as Jeff Bridges, Joseph Cotten, Sam Waterston, John Hurt, Mickey Rourke, and Willem Dafoe. [PAR] Shooting got underway in April 1979 at Glacier National Park, a location that Cimino chose for scenic values, and despite terrible logistical problems (such as the lack of nearby housing for the cast and film crew). Things did not go well from the very outset. Early misgivings gave way to growing despair as the production assumed the tell-tale appearance of a slow-motion train wreck. [PAR] \u201cSlow\u201d is the key concept. The production fell seriously behind schedule almost immediately and never achieved a comfortable stride. Cimino\u2019s overbearing style angered and frustrated the cast members, yielding an atmosphere in which finely-tuned teamwork became impossible. The filming was much more than routinely difficult, and production costs skyrocketed to around $200,000 a day. This led United Artists bigwigs to rue the fact that they had given Cimino what amounted to a blank check. [PAR] When the last of the film was finally in the can, a production that was originally budgeted for $11.6 million cost nearly $30 million to shoot and racked up another $10 million or so in other expenses. The final production cost amounted to over $120 million in today\u2019s money. [PAR] Cimino seemed to lose his sense of \u201cenough\u201d while making this film. He shot an astonishing 220 hours of film to create a movie he first whittled to a hideously long 5 \u00bd hours and then to a studio-ordered 3 hours and 39 minutes. [PAR] United Artists released Heaven\u2019s Gate in November 1980, but the studio might as well not have bothered. Getting theater audiences to sit through a very long film is one thing, but getting them to fork over their hard-earned money to sit through a very long and very bad film is quite another. Well before the long-overdue film premiered, word had gotten around that it was a stinker. Film"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aspects of Love: Love Changes Everything Lyrics Love Changes Everything Lyrics - Aspects of Love musical [PAR] Love Changes Everything lyrics [PAR] Can make the summer fly, [PAR] Or a night [PAR] Will turn your world around, [PAR] And that world [PAR] Why did I go back to see her...? [PAR] WOMAN (GIULIETTA) [PAR] Alex, it's all in the past... [PAR] ALEX [PAR] Into the world we go, [PAR] Planning futures, [PAR] Waitress [PAR] Follow us on [PAR] Musical: Aspects of Love. Song: Love Changes Everything. Broadway musical soundtrack lyrics. Song lyrics from theatre show/film are property & copyright of their owners, provided for educational purposes [PAR] \u00a92017 AllMusicals.com"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leonard Slye - Bob Nolan - Poet Laureate of the West Leonard Slye [PAR] Leonard Slye - Dick Weston - Roy Rogers [PAR] (Dick Weston photo from the Karl E. Farr Collection) [PAR] [PAR] One of Roy's favorite songs was Bob Nolan's Sky Ball Paint, the humorous story of a bucking horse. Roy often sang it at rodeo appearances but here he sings in on the evening of September 24, 1976, at the KLAC-sponsored tribute paid to The Sons of the Pioneers at the Hollywood Palladium. The song behind the page is here courtesy of John Fullerton. [PAR] The films in which Roy appeared with the Sons of the Pioneers are listed in the Filmography section, complete with photographs from each movie. [PAR] Photos and posters are from The Calin Coburn Collection , The Karl E. Farr Collection , Ed Phillips , Michelle Sundin , Kathy Kirchner, Les Adams, Fred Sopher and Elizabeth Drake McDonald. [PAR] See also the huge Bruce Hickey Collection of posters, lobby cards, production and publicity stills from the Republic films. [PAR] The story of Roy Rogers has been told and retold countless times. For a fuller insight into Roy's life, see the Books and the Bibliography sections for lists of titles. Roy and Dale wrote full biographies twice, Dale wrote several books based on their lives and both Roy's son and daughter wrote the story from their perspective. The following is an outline based on Robert W. Phillips' book, \"Roy Rogers\", McFarland, 1995, and covers only the years in which Bob Nolan was associated with Roy professionally. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] On November 5, 1911, in a Cincinnati tenement, was born an ordinary boy named Leonard Franklin Slye who grew up to become that extraordinary American icon, Roy Rogers. Today, nearly one hundred years later, Roy's friendly smile still flashes from the old movie channels on TV and he has countless faithful fans all over the world. (To keep it simple, on this page we will refer to Len as \"Roy\".) [PAR] His father, Andrew, was a factory worker and his mother had been crippled by polio. The family was poor in money but rich in affection, laughter and music. The year after Roy was born, the little family moved from Cincinnati into a houseboat where they lived for almost seven years. From the houseboat they moved to a small acreage. Andy could not support his family on the little acreage and was forced to return to factory work in Portsmouth, leaving his wife and the small children to run the farm. Because Roy was the only boy, most of the heavier chores fell on him and he learned quickly how to stretch a penny and to use what was at hand. Because he was needed on the farm, his school attendance suffered. Andy managed to buy his son a black mare named Babe and the youngster did his best to imitate his favorite movie cowboy, Hoot Gibson. [PAR] On his twelfth birthday, Roy was given his first rifle, a .22 Winchester, and he was soon adding rabbits to the family fare. About this time, he began playing his parents' guitar for local dances and discovered that he loved to make people happy with his singing and square dance calling. He was a natural entertainer. [PAR] In 1928, Roy bought his first guitar in a Cincinnati pawn shop for twenty dollars. He also left school that year and joined his father working in the shoe factory, a job that irked them both. Two years later, the family drove to California for a four-month"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Deer Hunter (1978) - IMDb The Deer Hunter (1978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small industrial town in Pennsylvania. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Robert De Niro Writes Meryl Streep a Letter in Support of Her Golden Globes Speech [PAR] 11 January 2017 12:06 PM, -08:00 | Indiewire [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 30 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 30 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 10 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The Deer Hunter (1978) [PAR] 8.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 17 wins & 26 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] An emotionally self-destructive boxer's journey through life, as the violence and temper that leads him to the top in the ring destroys his life outside it. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Retired Old West gunslinger William Munny reluctantly takes on one last job, with the help of his old partner and a young man. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] After settling his differences with a Japanese PoW camp commander, a British colonel co-operates to oversee his men's construction of a railway bridge for their captors - while oblivious to a plan by the Allies to destroy it. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Colorful Facts About 'Teletubbies' | Mental Floss 10 Colorful Facts About 'Teletubbies' | Mental Floss [PAR] 10 Colorful Facts About 'Teletubbies' [PAR] YouTube [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] It was the show that every baby loved and every parent found annoying, but somehow the Teletubbies took over the world in the late 1990s, much like the way The Beatles did in the 1960s. Tinky-Winky, Dipsy, Laa-Laa, and Po\u2014the four colorful characters with televisions in their stomachs\u2014demanded hugs, loved to repeat themselves, and became icons of educational television, though many still question just what was to be learned from their antics. Fifteen years after the final episode aired, we're looking behind the scenes of the weird show that somehow just worked. [PAR] 1. THEY WERE RACIALLY DIVERSE, INSIDE AND OUT. [PAR] When the Teletubbies sat down with Today to reveal their true identities, fans learned that the actors inside the costumes were as diverse as the characters themselves, and each one added a bit of his or her own culture to the character they portrayed. John Simmit blended reggae into Dipsy\u2019s babytalk, while Pui Fan Lee incorporated Cantonese into Po\u2019s gibberish. In a short film called \u201c Understanding Teletubbies ,\u201d Tina Wagner from Ragdoll Productions and educational consultant Faith Rogow revealed that body color and height are not the only differences between the four characters. \u201cThey also have different skin tones in their faces,\u201d Rogow said. \u201cAll of that is very purposeful.\u201d [PAR] 2. THEY LOOK LIKE ALIENS BUT WERE INSPIRED BY ASTRONAUTS. [PAR] Teletubbies co-creator Andrew Davenport told The Guardian that when writing the show, he was inspired by the moon landings and the physical appearance of the astronauts. \u201cIt struck me as funny that, at this pinnacle of human achievement, the figures that emerged in bulky spacesuits from landing capsules are like toddlers, with oversized heads and foreshortened legs,\u201d he said, \u201cand they respond to the excitement of their new world by bouncing about. So I devised characters based on spacemen, with limited language just like the emergent speech of young children.\u201d [PAR] 3. THEY\u2019RE A LOT TALLER THAN THEY LOOK. [PAR] Because the Teletubbies only appear on the show in their fake world, there is nothing to compare them to besides each other. Wagner revealed in the short film that in costume, Tinky-Winky is almost nine feet tall. [PAR] 4. THE RABBITS IN TELETUBBYLAND WERE ALSO MASSIVE. [PAR] Teletubbies co-creator Anne Wood revealed in an interview with The Guardian that those cute and fluffy rabbits that appear in the show are not your average pet bunnies. \u201cThey needed to be big to fit in with the scale,\u201d Wood said. There was also a problem with their health. \u201cThe only suitable ones we could find had been bred on the continent to be eaten,\u201d Wood revealed. \u201cWe gave them perfect conditions, running free over the Teletubby grasslands, but their breeding had given them enlarged hearts, and almost weekly the animal trainer would greet me in distress and tell me another had died.\u201d [PAR] 5. IT WAS THE BBC\u2019S BIGGEST BRAND. [PAR] According to the BBC'S annual report for 1998/1999, Teletubbies was its leading brand with over $46 million in revenue. At the time, they were seen by children in 120 countries and territories and aired in 20 languages. [PAR] 6. THEY SUED WAL-MART. [PAR] Because the Teletubbies brand was so big, it had to be protected. In 1999, they sued Wal-Mart Stores Inc. for selling blatant knockoffs called Bubbly Chubbies. \u201cIt's not flattery. It's just illegal,\" Kenn Viselman, the chief executive of the company that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American History: Bill Clinton\u2019s Second Term - VOA American History: Bill Clinton\u2019s Second Term [PAR] American History: Bill Clinton\u2019s Second Term [PAR] Last Updated: March 01, 2012 [PAR] A poster advertises a book about President Clinton at a Beijing bookstore in May 1998, shortly before he visited China. The poster declares his troubles as the \"number one sex scandal in the world.\" [PAR] Share [PAR] STEVE EMBER: Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION \u2013 American history in VOA Special English. I\u2019m Steve Ember. [PAR] This week in our series, we look back at Bill Clinton's second term as president. [PAR] BILL CLINTON: \u201cFor four years now, to realize our vision, we have pursued a simple but profound strategy \u2013 opportunity for all, responsibility from all, a strong united American community.\u201d [PAR] Americans elected Clinton as their forty-second president in nineteen-ninety-two and re-elected him four years later. [PAR] (MUSIC) [PAR] President Clinton speaks to the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, 1997 [PAR] In the summer of nineteen ninety-six, President Clinton's first term was coming to an end. He had established a mixed record of successes and failures in his dealings with Congress. He had greater difficulty in those dealings after opposition Republicans won control of Congress in nineteen ninety-four. [PAR] All presidents face political battles. But in President Clinton's case there was more to it. He and his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, were being investigated over their personal financial dealings in Arkansas during the nineteen eighties. There were also accusations of womanizing from his years as governor of that state. [PAR] But in the summer of ninety-six President Clinton's public approval ratings stayed above fifty percent and went as high as sixty percent. [PAR] The economy had improved during his first term. Americans were getting jobs and spending more money. More people, and not just the wealthy, were investing in the stock market. [PAR] In August of nineteen ninety-six the Democratic Party met in Chicago and nominated President Clinton and Vice President Al Gore for a second term. [PAR] BILL CLINTON: \u201cMy fellow Democrats and my fellow Americans, thank you for your nomination. I don\u2019t know if I can find a fancy way to say this, but I accept.\u201d [PAR] (MUSIC) [PAR] The Republican Party held its nominating convention that summer in San Diego, California. The party chose former Kansas senator Bob Dole as its presidential candidate. He had resigned from the United States Senate to seek the nomination. He chose former congressman and cabinet secretary Jack Kemp of New York as his vice presidential running mate. [PAR] Dole was a World War Two hero who suffered a permanent injury to his right arm. He later served four terms in the House of Representatives. He was elected to the Senate in nineteen sixty-eight and re-elected four times. [PAR] Another candidate in the presidential race was businessman Ross Perot. He won the nomination of the Reform Party which he started a year earlier. He had also run for president in nineteen ninety-two, and received nineteen percent of the popular vote. [PAR] During the ninety-six campaign, President Clinton pointed to the stronger economy. He also campaigned on his legislative record, including new gun-control measures and a higher minimum wage for the lowest paid workers. [PAR] Bob Dole, in his campaign, accused President Clinton of spending too much. Clinton's answer was that he had stopped Congress from cutting too much from programs like health insurance for retirees. [PAR] Bill Clinton and Al Gore easily won the election, defeating Bob Dole and Jack Kemp. Ross Perot received just eight percent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Georgia O'Keeffe's Biography Georgia O'Keeffe's Biography [PAR] Georgia O'Keeffe's Biography [PAR] Beginning Years: [PAR] Georgia Totto O'Keeffe was born November 15, 1887 in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. Georgia knew from an early age that she was going to be an artist. She and her sister were taught early on to draw by a grammar school teacher and were taught to paint by a local watercolor artist. In 1905, Georgia graduated and continued her art studies at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago where she was the recipient of top honors during her first year. In September of 1907, she resumed her studies at New York's Art Student League, earning a scholarship. [PAR] In 1912, Georgia took a teaching job at the Chatham Episcopal Institute. A year later, she applied for and was hired for a teaching position as a drawing supervisor in Texas. But after years of teaching and having almost no time for herself, she decided it was time to paint again. What resulted was a series of charcoal drawings she says were based on images she had in her head. She sent these drawings to her friend in New York, Anita Pollitzer. Against Georgia's wishes, she showed them to Alfred Stieglitz, famous photographer and owner of Gallery 291 . His reaction to her drawings was overwhelming stating \"At last, a woman on paper!\" He decided to show her drawings without her permission. When she found out, she traveled to New York to confront him but he convinced her to keep them on display, gaining a fair amount of buzz. [PAR] Her Life with Alfred and After his Death: [PAR] In 1923, Stieglitz held a major exhibit of O'Keeffe's work at the Anderson Galleries, the first of many of her showings. The following year, Stieglitz and his wife of 31 years divorced and he quickly asked Georgia to marry him. That same year marked the first time O'Keeffe painted a large, magnified flower which she would become famous for. Stieglitz and O'Keeffe moved to the Shelton Hotel in New York and lived there for the next 12 years where Georgia would be inspired to paint the magnificent views from their 30th floor apartment. But three years later, she felt the need to travel and took a trip to New Mexico which would change her life for good. [PAR] Georgia returned to New Mexico every summer until 1946, when her husband died. Only then did she decide to move from New York and permanently reside in New Mexico, calling it \"her land\". And though her husband had passed away, she continued to exhibit her work. [PAR] In 1951, O'Keeffe made her first trip to Mexico where she met the artists Diego Rivera, Frieda Kahlo, and Miguel Covarrubias. She spent the next decade traveling throughout the world and her fame continued through the 1950's and 60's. [PAR] Over the years, her eyesight began to deteriorate and painting became difficult. She could no longer paint without some assistance. She hired the help of Juan Hamilton who helped her as much as possible. She did her last unassisted oil painting in 1972. In between this time, she received numerous awards and honors. In 1984 O'Keeffe moved to Santa Fe to live with Juan Hamilton and his family. Her only regret at the continuing loss of her eyesight was \"that I will not be able to see this beautiful country anymore... unless the Indians are right and my spirit will walk here after I'm gone.\" [PAR] One year later, she died, March 6, 1986 at the age of 98. Her body"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sam Smith sings theme song for James Bond film ... - CNN Sam Smith sings theme song for James Bond film 'Spectre' - CNN.com [PAR] 1 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] English singer Matt Monro is best known for his hearty rendition of the theme tune for 1963's \"From Russia with Love.\" (The first James Bond movie, \"Dr. No,\" had an instrumental title song.) [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Shirley Bassey, perhaps the most iconic Bond theme-song singer, sang the title theme to 1964's Goldfinger.\" Bassey brought her strong, distinctive voice back to the series in title tunes for 1971's \"Diamonds Are Forever\" and 1979's \"Moonraker.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Welsh singer Tom Jones, best known for hits like \"What's New Pussycat\" and \"She's a Lady,\" sang the title tune for 1965's \"Thunderball.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] These boots were made for walking, but she was made for singing: Nancy Sinatra performed the theme to \"You Only Live Twice\" in 1967. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Jazz great Louis Armstrong sang \"We Have All the Time in the World,\" the secondary musical theme from the 1969 Bond film \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service.\" The song became a hit in the UK 25 years later when it was featured in a Guinness beer commercial. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Paul and then-wife Linda McCartney and their pop group Wings performed the title number from 1973's \"Live and Let Die,\" the first of the Bond movies to star Roger Moore as Agent 007. The song is still a staple of Paul McCartney's live concerts. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Scottish pop singer Lulu sang the title song for 1974's \"The Man with the Golden Gun.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Carly Simon scored a major radio hit with \"Nobody Does it Better,\" the theme from the 1977 Bond film, \"The Spy Who Loved Me.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] After the band Blondie recorded another version that was rejected, Scottish pop star Sheena Easton was tapped to sing \"For Your Eyes Only\" for the 1981 Bond movie of the same name. The song reached No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard charts. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Rita Coolidge sang \"All Time High,\" the theme from 1983's \"Octopussy.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 11 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] American singer Lani Hall, wife of bandleader Herb Alpert, sang the title song to 1983's \"Never Say Never Again,\" which brought Sean Connery back for his final Bond role. The film was made by a different production company from the other James Bond movies, so some fans don't consider it part of the official series. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 12 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Singer Simon Le Bon and British pop group Duran Duran did the title song for 1985's \"A View to a Kill.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 13 of 22 [PAR] Photos: James Bond theme song singers [PAR] Norwegian pop band A-Ha recorded the title song for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cancer Ward | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | Macmillan Cancer Ward | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | Macmillan [PAR] Powells [PAR] The Russian Nobelist's semiautobiographical novel set in a Soviet cancer ward shortly after Stalin's death [PAR] One of the great allegorical masterpieces of world literature, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's Cancer Ward is both a deeply compassionate study of people facing terminal illness and a brilliant dissection of the cancerous Soviet police state. [PAR] Cancer Ward, which has been compared to the masterpiece of another Nobel Prize winner, The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann, examines the relationship of a group of people in the cancer ward of a provincial Soviet hospital in 1955, two years after Stalin's death. While the experiences of the central character, Oleg Kostoglotov, closely reflect the author's own\u2014Solzhenitsyn became a patient in a cancer ward in the mid-1950s, on his release from a labor camp, and later recovered\u2014the patients, as a group, represent a remarkable cross section of contemporary Russian characters and attitudes, both under normal circumstances and then reexamined at the eleventh hour of illness. A seminal work from one of the most powerful voices in twentieth century literature, Cancer Ward offers an extraordinary portrait of life in the Soviet Union. [PAR] CONNECT WITH"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eric Clapton - uDiscover Eric Clapton | uDiscover [PAR] uDiscoverMusic [PAR] Eric Clapton [PAR] In the mid 60s graffiti began appearing around London proclaiming: \u2018Clapton is God\u2019. A staggering rise to fame, given that his grandparents only bought him his first guitar in 1959. Eric Clapton has been in the spotlight for close on fifty years and the portrait of his artistry is a complex one \u2013 from his early days as a guitar god, to a songwriter of great sensitivity, as well as an interpreter of everything from blues and jazz to rock and country music. His music has run the emotional gambit and on many occasions his art has reflected his life. [PAR] \u201cHe's been a tremendous friend to me, I love the man; he's a great man. There\u2019s Eric Clapton, then you talk about the rest of the guys.\u201d \u2013 B.B. King [PAR] Eric Clapton was one of the earliest British musicians to become a disciple of the Blues. Young Clapton\u2019s interest was sparked after hearing a Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee record on a children\u2019s radio programme. After playing with the Yardbirds, he got his big break when he joined John Mayall\u2019s Bluesbreakers . In 1966 they recorded the brilliant Bluesbreakers, which proved to be a breakthrough for both men. [PAR] Next Clapton formed Cream with Ginger Baker and Jack Bruce. On Cream\u2019s debut, Fresh Cream, they covered Spoonful, written by Willie Dixon and made famous by Howlin\u2019 Wolf , it features some typical early Clapton guitar work. There are also covers of Robert Johnson, Muddy Waters and Skip James. Cream and Clapton had nailed their colours to the blues mast. The band\u2019s follow-up, Disraeli Gears, is less of a blues album, yet they are never far away \u2013 witness 'Strange Brew', the album\u2019s opening cut that has Clapton playing in the style of Albert King. Wheels of Fire is half studio and half live; it\u2019s very much a return to the blues, with the opening number of the live album being Robert Johnson\u2019s 'Crossroads' \u2013 for many it is the definitive version of this classic, for others it was their introduction to the Blues. [PAR] After Cream, Clapton formed the short lived Blind Faith in 1969, with Stevie Winwood from Traffic, Ric Grech from Family and Ginger Baker. Clapton then sought relative anonymity by joining Delaney and Bonnie & Friends, along with his friend George Harrison, on whose song, 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps', he had so memorably soloed. After this experience, Clapton was inspired to form Derek & The Dominoes, recording Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs \u2013 it is another of those landmark rock albums.< [PAR] He then embarked on a solo career, which actually started with the eponymous album released in August 1970 but was resurected with his Rainbow Concert in 1973 and was then quickly followed by 461 Ocean Boulevard the following year, There's One in Every Crowd and the live album E.C. Was Here in 1975 and then Slowhand in 1977. Eric Clapton is a rock icon, a guitar god, yet he has never lost his passion for the music that inspired him as a teenager. It was music from the mystical land of America that was played by men who he would later get to know, but back in the early 1960s they just seemed liked mystical gods. [PAR] \u201cThe first blues I ever heard was on that programme. It was a song by Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, with Sonny Terry howling and playing the harmonica. It blew me away. I was ten or eleven.\u201d \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maggie Simpson - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Maggie Simpson | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Personality [PAR] Despite being the only member of the Simpson Family who can't speak, Maggie is in no way one-dimensional and has many different layers of personality. She appears to be somewhat detached from the rest of the Simpson Family and is described as \"the forgotten Simpson\" by Homer . When she, Bart and Lisa were shipped to a foster home (the Flanders) Maggie was the quickest to adapt and almost joined them until she noticed Marge . Perhaps Maggie's most strained relationship was with her father, Homer but due to his incredible laziness he neglected Maggie and when they do try to bond, Maggie sees her father as a kind of monster and actually tries to run away, she also developed a father-daughter relationship with Moe the bartender but the two still love each other and Maggie has more than once saved Homer's life. Not to mention she said her first word, \"Daddy\" after Homer tucked her in and kissed her goodnight meaning it's clear that she loves him as much as he does her. [PAR] Maggie's strongest relationship was with Marge after being transported to a foster family. Maggie almost joined the Flanders until she saw Marge once again \"and became a Simpson again.\" At the beginning Maggie seemed to rely on Marge and the likewise but eventually she became fiercely independent as she was able to plan a Great Escape-style breakout from a daycare center to get her pacifier back, she was able to save her father from drowning and rescue Homer from a mad tow truck driver. [PAR] Despite being a baby, Maggie is likely to be the most mature member of the Simpson family . However, she keeps her intelligence a secret in order to be babied. This is first revealed when Marge gives her a new pacifier, and when Marge isn't looking she smokes it like a cigarette. [PAR] Even for a child her age, showed extremely violent mannerisms and a surprising amount of physical strength. She was able to lift up a mallet and bludgeon her father with it and accidentally shot Mr. Burns after he blocked out the sun. Maggie showed to be incredibly strong, able to drag a fully-grown man back to the shore and able lift up a shotgun. [PAR] Biography [PAR] When Marge became pregnant with Lisa, she and Homer bought their first home. Seven years later, Homer felt financially secure enough to quit his job at the power plant and take his dream job at Barney's Bowlarama . Soon after, Marge became pregnant with Maggie, and unable to support his new family member, Homer reapplied for his job at the power plant. Homer fell into a deep depression as a result, but when he held Maggie for the first time after she was born he loved her at first sight. He keeps all of Maggie's baby photos in his office to cheer him up at his work place. [PAR] Like average toddlers, Maggie is impressionable and easily influenced by what she sees around her. She once hit Homer on the head with a mallet, (Born 2010) shot a suction dart at his picture and brandished a pencil in imitation of Itchy and Scratchy . Despite her age, Maggie is a formidable sniper [10] and she shot the firearms off a group of mobsters in rapid succession with a rifle. [11] She was behind the attempted murder of Mr. Burns [12] and she fought Gerald"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catch-22: 50th Anniversary Edition: Joseph Heller ... Catch-22: 50th Anniversary Edition: Joseph Heller, Christopher Buckley: 9781451626650: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] By David B. on June 25, 2015 [PAR] Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase [PAR] While Catch-22 can put people off due to being hard to follow or absurd, once you get accustomed to the writing style you come to love this book and really get caught up in the characters. Heller manages to discuss many of the darker aspects of war through Yossarian's experiences, but he is able to do so using irony and humor to make points more effectively than would be possible through a book that was entirely dark and bleak. Rare is a book such as this that can make you think so much about real issues while keeping you not just entertained but thoroughly enjoying the story and even laughing at the humorous and frequently absurd turns in events throughout the tale. [PAR] By vijaynara on April 8, 2015 [PAR] Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase [PAR] It's a hard read but well worth it. The book's background is about second world war and how the rationale behind lots of decisions could be self interest of individuals, stupidity and profiteering. I think the same thing applies to pretty much any realm of life -- a lot of corporate decision making definitely falls into this.. Even in individual homes, head of households can frequently make wrong decisions for him/herself or on behalf of family members, more due to lack of knowledge and empathy... The book ends with the message that each individual is responsible for his own life and can't just blindly let someone else make decisions for them or let things just happen.. Take charge of your own life.. [PAR] By George J Caspar on October 11, 2016 [PAR] Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase [PAR] This book is too clever by half. I imagine when it was first written the clever, sarcastic style seemed novel. To me, however, it became tiring. I got the joke or point of the book that the military bureaucracy and bureaucracies in general become absurd environments in which to operate. However, this joke and point could have been more effectively demonstrated in 100 pages rather than 500. The fact that the story never built up to a any sort of payoff convinces me that this would have been much more satisfying as a short story. [PAR] In summary the book was well written, clever and even funny at points but far too long to justify spending the time to read it in my opinion. [PAR] By Laszlo Hopp on January 11, 2014 [PAR] Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase [PAR] It is a bizarre story staged in a small island of WWII Italy. We meet Yossarian, the veteran bombardier protagonist in a hospital where his imaginary liver pain causes an uncrackable puzzle to a bunch of incompetent army physicians. We also learn that, along with other officers, Yossarian is charged to censor the letters of the enlisted soldiers' to their loved ones. Yossarian first shows his rebellious nature by censoring the letters with the utmost irresponsibility. This act of his left me puzzled through the whole story - what was I missing? - To hide his mischief, he usually signs his reviews with the assumed name of Irwin Washington--except for one letter that he signs as his good friend, Chaplain Tappman. Toward the end of the book, the poor chaplain with his gentle soul gets into a whole lot of trouble because of this faked signature. [PAR] From these humble beginnings, the plot takes on as the literary equivalent of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europe Airports - Bourgas (Burgas) International (BOJ) Bourgas (Burgas) International (Sarafovo) Airport, Bulgaria (BOJ) - Guide & Flights [PAR] Bourgas (Burgas) International Airport, otherwise known as Sarafovo Airport, is located 6Km North of Bourgas on the Black Sea coast, eastern Bulgaria. [PAR] Bourgas airport has separate arrivals and departures terminal buildings, located within 50m of each other. [PAR] A new passenger terminal (Terminal 2) was opened in late 2013 when Terminal 1 closed. [PAR] The airport has immediate access to the E87 coastal road to Burgas and the Black Sea resorts of Slunchev Bryag, Nessebur, Elenite and Dyuni are nearby. [PAR] A bus service runs between the airport and Bourgas approximately every half hour during the day. [PAR] A free shuttle bus runs between Bourgas and Varna airports upto 4 times per day. [PAR] Facilities include 3 cafes/bars, a duty free shop, VIP lounge, money exchange, and FREE WiFi internet access. [PAR] Approximately 2.4 million passengers passed through Bourgas airport in 2015, a decrease of 7% compared to the previous year. [PAR] Flights to Bourgas (Burgas) International Sarafovo Airport from UK or Ireland airports[DOC] [TLE] Bourgas Airport car hire, Bourgas Airport car rental ... Bourgas Airport car hire, Bourgas Airport car rental TStravel.net Burgas [PAR] Mini-guidebook for car hire in Bourgas [PAR] Bourgas Airport Car Hire [PAR] The city is the fourth largest in Bulgaria with population of 212 000 people and possess the biggest international airport in the country. It is an important industrial and transport centre. It is situated 399 kilometers away from the Bulgarian capital on the largest Black Sea bay. The favourable location of the Bourgas Airport makes it very important for Bulgarian aviation. The airport is important for the country and plays the role of the third emergency airport on the Balkan Peninsula. It occupies 2500000 sq m and performs passenger - cargo flights. [PAR] Bourgas Airport [PAR] If ask some Bourgasier where is Bourgas Airport everyone will explane - in Sarafovo quarter. There are several low cost companies with regular flights like Wizz Air, Monarch Airlines, Thomas Cook and Thomsonfly. Bourgas Aiport is a popular destination during the summer. It's main gate to the surrounding resorts. The official Bourgas Aiport code is BOJ. The airport is situated in the quarter of Sarafovo, some 8 km away from downtown. The airport operates all-year-round where we provide our bookings with discount Bourgas car rental. The head office of TS Travel is located by the central bus and railway stations in the city. It's the largest company providing cheap car hire Bourgas Airport. We have desk at Bourgas Airport and provide online booking with great value car hire deals. Unbeatable prices, exclusive discounts and quality service is our priority. The company offers a reliable service with fully inclusive prices and insurances for low cost Bourgas Airport car hire. [PAR] Climate details [PAR] The average July air temperature is 26 C, not too many rainy days. The winds are light breezes and are very favourable during the summer season. The climate is moderate as the summer is hot and dry. It's very good climate for air quality and due to the dry heat it will help with arthritis. It is the one of the most beautiful cities. It welcomes every year many tourists from UK and Europe arriving at the airport as initial point to hire a car. The centre is only 8 km away from the Sarafovo quarter. The town is a cultural and an educational centre. There are many universities, theatres, stadiums and art galleries. [PAR] The port [PAR] The port is biggest on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Secret of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Success | None ... The Secret of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Success | None | Catholic Family News [PAR] The Secret of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Success [PAR] 26/04/14 08:38 [PAR] The Secret of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Success [PAR] by John Vennari [PAR] [PAR] Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen said in 1974, \u201cWe live in a sensate age. We are no longer governed by Faith, we are no longer governed by reason. We are governed by feelings.\u201d [PAR] The outpouring of naked emotion at the death of Pope John Paul II proves these words true. It is expected that Catholics worldwide would grieve and pray for the departed Pontiff, as it is a fitting expression of filial piety. But the effusion over John Paul II was a good bit more. Cardinals, bishops, priests, religious and laity vied with each other to canonize him as \u201cJohn Paul the Great\u201d. Politicians and non-Catholic religious leaders praised him for his humanity and for his outreach to other religions. He was praised for his leadership, praised for his popularity with youth, praised for his travels, his poetry, his writings. He was praised for his trail-blazing style, his being a man of the people. his \u201ctheology of the body\u201d, his media savvy, his evangelizing, his charisma, his humor. The pop-star Bono lauded John Paul as the \u201cfunky Pontiff\u201d, calling him \u201cthe best front-man the Church ever had.\u201d [PAR] Yet nowhere in this tsunami of sentiment did I see anyone praise him for achieving the primary purpose of the papacy: unswervingly fidelity to the teachings and traditions of the Catholic Church as taught and practiced throughout the centuries. Nowhere did I see him praised for preserving the purity of doctrine and the maintenance of discipline in the Church worldwide. Pope John Paul II was not praised for this because he did not achieve it. And for a Pope to fail in this area is to fail mightily. [PAR] True, Pope John Paul II held the line on the Church\u2019s teaching against women priests, married priests, and spoke consistently against divorce, abortion and euthanasia. He is hated by liberals for maintaining these teachings, and this is to his credit. [PAR] But for the most part, amidst the seemingly endless adulation over Pope John Paul II after his death, no one seemed to judge his papacy by the only measuring rod that counts: the infallible and immutable Catholic Faith of all time. All was sentiment, all was emotion, all was feelings. [PAR] There are many reasons why Pope John Paul II was so loved by the modern world. The core reason, in my opinion, is because of a central aspect of his New Evangelization \u2014 a new approach that cut him loose from the one hard truth that made all pre-Vatican II popes unpopular. Unburdened by this fundamental truth, he could easily mix with men of all religions, and of no religion, with little fear of invoking their displeasure. [PAR] The New Approach [PAR] On the day of Pope John Paul II\u2019s death, I received a phone call from a young lady in New Zealand, a friend of the family. She presently works in a situation where she interacts with Muslims and Hindus. When she tells these non-Catholics, with gentleness and charity, they must convert to the one true Catholic Church to save their souls, the Muslims and Hindus laugh at her. \u201cYour Pope doesn\u2019t believe that\u201d, they cackle, referring to John Paul II, \u201cYour Pope doesn\u2019t teach that. Your Pope\u2019s interfaith actions don\u2019t convey that. Your Pope prays"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MoMA | Salvador Dal\u00ed. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 MoMA | Salvador Dal\u00ed. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 [PAR] See this work in MoMA\u2019s Online Collection [PAR] Salvador Dal\u00ed frequently described his paintings as \u201chand painted dream photographs.\u201d He based this seaside landscape on the cliffs in his home region of Catalonia, Spain. The ants and melting clocks are recognizable images that Dal\u00ed placed in an unfamiliar context or rendered in an unfamiliar way. The large central creature comprised of a deformed nose and eye was drawn from Dal\u00ed\u2019s imagination, although it has frequently been interpreted as a self-portrait . Its long eyelashes seem insect-like; what may or may not be a tongue oozes from its nose like a fat snail from its shell. [PAR] Time is the theme here, from the melting watches to the decay implied by the swarming ants. Mastering what he called \u201cthe usual paralyzing tricks of eye-fooling,\u201d Dal\u00ed painted this work with \u201cthe most imperialist fury of precision,\u201d but only, he said, \u201cto systematize confusion and thus to help discredit completely the world of reality.\u201d There is, however, a nod to the real: the distant golden cliffs are those on the coast of Catalonia, Dal\u00ed\u2019s home. [PAR] A work of art made from paint applied to canvas, wood, paper, or another support (noun). [PAR] Glossary [PAR] What\u2019s Freud Got to Do with It? [PAR] Salvador Dal\u00ed was very interested in Sigmund Freud\u2019s writings on psychology. An Austrian psychologist writing in the late-19th and early-20th century, Freud revolutionized the way people think about the mind with his theory of the subconscious. The subconscious is the part of the psyche that thinks and feels without the person being aware of those thoughts and feelings. According to Freud, dreams are coded messages from the subconscious, and Surrealist artists like Dal\u00ed were interested in what could be revealed by their dreams. [PAR] Madness to His Method? [PAR] Dal\u00ed self-induced hallucinations in order to access his subconscious while creating art, a process he called the paranoiac-critical method . On the results of this process, he wrote, \u201cI am the first to be surprised and often terrified by the images I see appear upon my canvas. I register without choice and with all possible exactitude the dictates of my subconscious, my dreams\u2026.\u201d Although he claimed to be surprised by the images, Dal\u00ed rendered them with meticulous precision, creating the illusion that these places could exist in the real world. Dal\u00ed, in his typically ironic way, once proclaimed, \u201cThe only difference between a madman and me is that I am not mad.\u201d[DOC] [TLE] Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory. 1931. Surrealism ... Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory. 1931. Surrealism | Marina's Gallery [PAR] Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory. 1931. Surrealism [PAR] Dali sometimes referred to his paintings as \"hand-painted dream photographs\" and The Persistence of Memory can certainly be characterized as such. [PAR] The drooping pocketwatches possibly suggest the irrelevance of time during sleep. In other words, when we are asleep, or not conscious, the time does not persist, only memories do. This distortion of time can be easily observed by just about anyone who ever attempted to think about their own dreams. [PAR] Some art historians theorize that the painting may be a visual depiction of the idea behind the Einstein's theory of relativity: that time itself is relative and not fixed. But that's quite possibly a shot in the dark. The painting's meaning strongly suggests psychoanalytical values, those to do with the research of Sigmund Freud. [PAR] The Persistence of Memory is a painting by the famous Spanish surrealist"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teddy Bear History Teddy bear history [PAR] Your Site for Teddy Bear and Stuffed [PAR] Animal Information and Fun ... [PAR] Fun And Games [PAR] Teddy Bear History [PAR] Teddy Bears got their name from Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States. In 1902, the president went bear hunting in Mississippi without success, so members of his party caught a bear cub, tied it to a tree, and offered it to the president as an easy trophy. The president refused. The event was drawn by a cartoonist for the Washington Post the next day. The cartoon emphasized the helplessness of the bear and conveyed the message that Roosevelt would not make decisions for the wrong reasons. Roosevelt's popularity soared as a result of his actions and the cartoon. Morris and Rose Michtom made a stuffed bear in honor of the president's actions. [PAR] Teddy Bears name is based on one of two stories. One story is that the president gave the Michtom's permission to christen the new stuffed toy bear \"Teddy Bear\". The other story is that at President Roosevelt's daughter's wedding, bears decorated the tables. When a guest asked what breed of bear they were, a guest said, \"Why, they're Teddy Bears, of course\". [PAR] By 1908, over 20 companies were making stuffed teddy bears in the United States alone and teddy bears were on their way to a love affair with all of us that continues today.[DOC] [TLE] ANTIQUES; A Teddy Bear Celebrating A Real Teddy ANTIQUES; A Teddy Bear Celebrating A Real Teddy - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Arts |ANTIQUES; A Teddy Bear Celebrating A Real Teddy [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] One new stuffed animal on the market this Christmas may resonate, particularly with adults, after the events of Sept. 11. Steiff, the 121-year-old German toy company, has produced a police commissioner teddy bear to honor President Theodore Roosevelt, the man who gave his name to the teddy bear and who served in 1895 as the first police commissioner of New York City. [PAR] Steiff will offer 1,500 of these foot-tall bears, dressed in blue period policemen's uniforms with bright brass buttons. ''Steiff pays homage and gives thanks to all the brave heroes of New York's finest with this bear,'' said Paul H. Johnson, president of Steiff North America. The bear, at $275, comes with a certificate signed by Tweed Roosevelt, the president's great-grandson, and is available at F.A.O. Schwarz in New York or from stores listed on the Web site www.steiffusa.com. [PAR] Teddy bears are big business. In 1999 they represented more than 60 percent -- $2.7 billion of the $4.5 billion total -- of the plush-toy market in the United States. ''It is the No. 1 item for the Steiff company,'' Mr. Johnson said. ''We sell over 100,000 a year.'' [PAR] Vintage teddy bears are their own bull market. In London, two auctions a year are dedicated to teddy bears at Christie's South Kensington. The most recent sale, on Dec. 3, included 319 lots and totaled $315,591. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The top 10 lots were all early 20th-century Steiff bears. The most expensive, a center-seam bear circa 1904, sold for $16,732, more than twice the high estimate of $8,000. (The New-York Historical Society owns a bear circa 1905 with a voice box called a growler and a 1907 board game called the New Game of Teddy's Bear Hunt.) [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Sotheby's no longer has teddy bear auctions. This year"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cry Freedom: Original Motion Picture ... - amazon.com George Fenton, Jonas Gwangwa, Jonas Gwangwa - Cry Freedom: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Amazon.com Music [PAR] By Judy K. Polhemus on July 29, 2008 [PAR] Format: DVD [PAR] When I was a high school English teacher and read and discussed \"Cry, the Beloved Country\" with my seniors, I always showed \"Cry Freedom\" in conjunction. Students were mesmerized. While the novel was set in South Africa with apartheid partly responsible for the crime that takes place, apartheid is as much a major character as Stephen Biko or Donald Woods in the movie. [PAR] In case you are confused, \"Cry, the Beloved Country\" is the lyrical novel by Alan Paton, published in 1948 and set in South Africa, Paton's homeland. Three racial groups, lived together, not in harmony, there: the Dutch, who later called themselves Afrikaaners, who settled there three hundred years earlier and believed they sere sent by God to take control; the English who settled everywhere; and the native groups, of which Bantu was one. This novel is a moving testament to the forgiving nature of men and how two men from totally different worlds can come together in grace and acceptance. [PAR] In \"Cry Freedom,\" the film based on the nonfiction book by the same name, is a story of Stephen Biko, a black South African political activist who understood the inherent dangers in being an activist but lived by the creed that a man has to do what a man has to do. He is befriended in respect and admiration by a white American journalist, Donald Woods. Their two stories are equally important because of the consequences of their actions. [PAR] Denzel Washinton performs the role of Biko as if he was Biko--I was that convinced. His South African accent is perfect. I personally believe this is the best acting role of his distinguished career. Kevin Kline is also excellent and performs one of my favorite roles he has ever played. [PAR] Biko brashly challenges the Afrikanner government and is banned from ever speaking again. Read more \u203a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Psychopathology of Everyday Life | IndieBound The Psychopathology of Everyday Life | IndieBound [PAR] A Community of Independent Local Bookstores [PAR] The Psychopathology of Everyday Life [PAR] The Psychopathology of Everyday Life [PAR] W. W. Norton & Company, Paperback, 9780393006117, 432pp. [PAR] Publication Date: September 17, 1990 [PAR] List Price: $19.95* [PAR] * Individual store prices may vary. [PAR] Buy at Local Store [PAR] Enter your zip code below to purchase from an indie close to you. [PAR] or [PAR] Buy Here [PAR] Description [PAR] It is filled with anecdotes, many of them quite amusing, and virtually bereft of technical terminology. And Freud put himself on the line: numerous acts of willful forgetting or \"inexplicable\" mistakes are recounted from his personal experience. none of such actions can be called truly accidental, or uncaused: that is the real lesson of the Psychopathology.[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes- Sigmund Freud- Summary SparkNotes: Sigmund Freud: Summary [PAR] Sigmund Freud [PAR] Context [PAR] Important Terms, People, and Events [PAR] On May 6, 1856, Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in the small Moravian town of Freiberg. His parents were Jakob and Amalie Freud. Over the next six years Amalie gave birth to six more children. Sigmund was always the favorite child. Jakob's textile business failed, and in 1860, the family moved to Vienna, spending almost a year in Leipzig on the way. In Vienna, Freud was a studious and serious child. He was schooled at home, first by his mother and then by his father, and then he joined the Sperl Gymnasium, where he was at the top of his class. [PAR] In 1873, Freud graduated from the Sperl Gymnasium at the early age of seventeen and started medical training at the University of Vienna. It took him eight years to receive his medical degree, in part because he was distracted by scientific research. This was especially true in the later years of his medical studies (1877\u20131881), when was working in the laboratory of his mentor, Ernst Br\u00fccke, on the anatomy of the brain. [PAR] 1881 was a momentous year for Freud: he met Martha Bernays and became engaged to her\u2013secretly, at first\u2013and he finally received his medical degree. In 1882, he left Br\u00fccke's lab and took a position at the Vienna General Hospital, motivated in part by his desire to make enough money to be able to marry Martha. Over the next five years he moved from department to department at the hospital, passing through surgery and dermatology before coming to rest at Theodor Meynert's department of psychiatry. In the winter of 1885\u20131886, Freud went to Paris to study under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re. He was finally married to Martha Bernays in the summer of 1886. They first married in a civil ceremony, but when they discovered that Austria (unlike Germany) would not officially recognize a nonreligious marriage, they married in a Jewish one. [PAR] Over the next ten years, from 1886\u20131896, Freud continued to develop his private practice. By the beginning of the 1890s, his relationship with Josef Breuer, another Jewish neurologist, had flourished. The two men had collaborated on the publication of a series of case studies on their patients called Studies on Hysteria. This contained one case study by Breuer and four by Freud. The case study by Breuer, on the patient \"Anna O.\", is known as the first psychoanalytic case study. In it, Breuer discusses the \"cathartic method\" he used to cure Anna O.'s symptoms by discovering, with her help, the earlier, unconscious traumas that were associated with her symptoms. Although Freud was enthusiastic about the new method, his"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The trouble with some women is they get all excited about ... The trouble with some women is they get all excited about nothing, and then they marry him... - Quote [PAR] Conversation [PAR] A bit about Cher ... [PAR] Cher, born Cheryl Sarkisian LaPiere on May 20, 1946, is an American pop/rock singer, songwriter, actress, director, author and all-around entertainer. Through her achievements in music, television and film, she has won an Oscar, a Grammy, an Emmy and 3 Golden Globe Awards, among others. She first rose to prominence in the mid 1960s as one half of the pop/rock duo Sonny & Cher. She also established herself as a solo artist, releasing 26 albums, numerous compilations and achieving 22 Top 40 hits, (including 12 Top 10 and 4 #1 hits) over her career. She became a successful television star in the 1970s and a serious film actress in the 1980s. In 1988, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the romantic comedy Moonstruck. In a career that has now surpassed 40 years, Cher has emerged a pop-culture icon and one of the most enduring and respected entertainers of her time. [PAR] These people bookmarked this quote:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cher's son Elijah Blue reveals rift with famous mother ... Cher's son Elijah Blue reveals rift with mother in explosive new interview | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Cher's son Elijah Blue reveals rift with famous mother after he eloped to marry girl and his recovery from heroin addiction in explosive new interview [PAR] Cher has so far not congratulated them on their engagement or marriage [PAR] The singer did not invite them to the family Christmas [PAR] He nearly died after contracting Lyme disease but his mother questioned whether it was \u2018imaginary\u2019 [PAR] Cher \u2018haunted\u2019 by Elijah\u2019s troubled childhood and it\u2019s a \u2018real regret\u2019 for her [PAR] He\u2019s a recovering heroin addict and has been to rehab \u2018several times\u2019[DOC] [TLE] Monster Mom! Coldhearted Cher Skipped Son Elijah Blue\u2019s ... Monster Mom! Coldhearted Cher Skipped Son Elijah Blue's Wedding, He Claims | Radar Online [PAR] Posted on [PAR] Feb 4, 2014 @ 10:48AM [PAR] Elijah Blue, Cher \u2018s 37-year-old son with rock legend Gregg Allman , has called his famous mother out for turning her back on him and his new wife Marie-Angela \u201cAngie\u201d King the past few months, a period that\u2019s spanned events such as their wedding, and the holiday season. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019ve always been the black sheep of my family; we have lots of ups and downs, and now isn\u2019t the best time,\u201d Blue, 37, tells this week\u2019s issue of the National Enquirer , adding that it\u2019s been more than two months since he and and King wed in Beverly Hills Dec. 1 and he still has yet to hear a peep from the Mermaids star, 67. [PAR] Blue said the bad blood stems from a falling out in October with both he and his then-bride-to-be, 26. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s like a Mexican standoff, but we have a history\u201d of issues, Blue, a recovering drug-addict, told the Enquirer of his conflict with his mother . [PAR] PHOTOS: 10 Celebrity Spawn Who Look Just Like Their Famous [PAR] He said of King\u2019s complex interactions with the music and movie legend: \u201cYou\u2019ve got two strong women, two big bulls in the pen; I think there\u2019s a respect and I think they butt heads.\u201d [PAR] Despite the vitriol, which led to the couple leaving Cher\u2019s Malibu home they were staying at, Blue said he was \u201cvery hurt\u201d to be excluded from the family\u2019s holiday festivities. [PAR] \u201cChristmas is supposed to be about family,\u201d he said, and \u201cwe\u2019d just gotten married.\u201d [PAR] An insider told the Enquirer that the \u2018Believe\u2019 singer will need to make some adjustments if she wants to hear the pitter-patter of little feet that sometimes follows wedding bells. [PAR] PHOTOS: Cher Steps Out In Wacky Pants [PAR] \u201cElijah and his wife are planning to have children and if Cher wants to have any part of her grandchildren\u2019s lives, she is going to have to make some major changes,\u201d the insider said. [PAR] Blue said that despite their differences, he feels the pop icon \u2018 \u201cintent has been genuine\u201d and he remains optimistic the two can eventually mend fences."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Moore - NNDB Roger Moore [PAR] Roger Moore [PAR] Executive summary: James Bond after Sean Connery [PAR] Military service: Military Intelligence (required National Service, 2nd Lt.) [PAR] Roger Moore grew up in London, and lived through the blitz during WWII. As a young man, he worked as a model and, briefly, as a draftsman, before being accepted to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. He made his film debut with a tiny role as a soldier in two 1945 films, Caesar and Cleopatra with Claude Rains and Vivien Leigh and Perfect Strangers with Robert Donat and Deborah Kerr . But Moore was mostly seen as a TV actor, after starring as Ivanhoe in a 1958-59 series, and The Alaskans the following season. When James Garner refused to play Bret on Maverick in 1961, Moore was brought in to star as his cousin Beauregarde. Moore and Tony Curtis were The Persuaders in the early 1970s. [PAR] Moore is best remembered on the small screen as Simon Templar, the lead spy in The Saint, which prefigured his role as James Bond. Moore made dozens of movies, but none were particularly memorable until Sean Connery refused to reprise his role as James Bond, and Moore became 007 in Live and Let Die (1973). Moore was three years older than Connery, and in Moore's final Bond film, A View To A Kill in 1985, he was 58, making him the oldest actor to play Bond. Moore's Bond was seen as somewhat silly, with wisecracks always at the ready, many of which were improvised by Moore. [PAR] Father: George Moore (London policeman) [PAR] Mother: Lillian Pope (housewife) [PAR] Wife: Doorn Van Steyn (ice skater, m. 9-Dec-1946, div. 1953) [PAR] Wife: Dorothy Squires (singer, m. 6-Jul-1953, div. 1968, d. 1995 cancer) [PAR] Wife: Luisa Mattioli (actress, m. 11-Apr-1969, div. 1996, one daughter, two sons) [PAR] Son: Geoffrey Robert Moore (restaurateur, b. 28-Jul-1966) [PAR] Daughter: Deborah Moore (actress, b. 27-Oct-1963) [PAR] Son: Christian Moore (b. 1973) [PAR] Wife: Kristina Tholstrup (\"Kiki\", Danish stewardess, dated 1996-2002, m. 10-Mar-2002) [PAR] Golden Globe 1980 for World Film Favorite, Male"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Life of Picasso at Picasso.com The Life of Picasso at Picasso.com [PAR] Links [PAR] Life [PAR] Pablo Ruiz Picasso (b. 1881, d. 1973) is probably the most important figure in 20th Century art. Time magazine art critic Robert Hughes once said that \"To say that Pablo Picasso dominated Western art in the 20th century is, by now, the merest commonplace. Before his 50th birthday, the little Spaniard from Malaga had become the very prototype of the modern artist as public figure. No painter before him had had a mass audience in his own lifetime.\" [PAR] He was born October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain and by the time he died in France in April of 1973, had created a staggering 22.000 works of art in a variety of mediums, including sculpture, ceramics, mosaics, stage design and graphic arts. As critic Hughes notes, \"There was scarcely a 20th century movement that he didn't inspire, contribute to or--in the case of Cubism , which, in one of art history's great collaborations, he co-invented with Georges Braque--beget.\" Quite simply, as well as being a force of culture, Picasso was also a force of nature. [PAR] Early Life and Work [PAR] A precocious draftsman, Picasso was admitted to the advanced classes at the Royal Academy of Art in Barcelona at 15. After 1900 he spent much time in Paris, remaining there from 1904 to 1947, when he moved to the South of France. His power is revealed in his very early works, some of which were influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec (such as Old Woman, 1901; Philadelphia Mus. of Art). [PAR] Picasso's artistic production is usually described in terms of a series of overlapping periods. In his \"Blue Period\" 1901-4 he depicted the world of the poor. Predominantly in tones of blue, these melancholy paintings (such as The Old Guitarist, 1903; Art Inst. of Chicago) are among the most popular art works of the century. Canvases from Picasso's \"Rose Period\" 1905-06 are characterized by a lighter palette and greater lyricism, with subject matter often drawn from circus life. Picasso's Parisian studio attracted the major figures of the avant-garde at this time, including Matisse , Braque , Apollinaire , and Gertrude Stein. He had already produced numerous engravings of great power and began his work in sculpture during these years. [PAR] [PAR] Cubism [PAR] In 1907 Picasso painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (Mus. of Modern Art, New York City), a radical departure from the artistic ideas of the preceding ages and now considered the most significant work in the development toward cubism and modern abstraction (see modern art). The influence of C\u00e9zanne and of African sculpture is apparent in its fragmented forms and unprecedented distortions. The painting heralded the first phase of cubism, called analytic cubism. This severe, intellectual style was conceived and developed by Picasso, Braque, and Gris c.1909-12. Picasso's Female Nude (1910-11; Philadelphia Mus. of Art) is a representative painting and his Woman's Head (1909; Mus. of Modern Art, New York City) a representative sculpture of this style. [PAR] In the synthetic phase of cubism (after 1912) his forms became larger and more representational, and flat, bright decorative patterns replaced the earlier, more austere compositions. The Three Musicians (1921; Mus. of Modern Art, New York City) exemplifies this style. Picasso's cubist works established firmly that the work of art may exist as a significant object beyond any attempt to represent reality. During both periods of cubism experiments by Picasso and others resulted in several new techniques, including collage and papier coll\u00e9. [PAR] [PAR] Other Stylistic Innovations [PAR] Picasso's enormous energy and fecundity was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Universities With Celebrity Students | Spotahome Blog London Universities With Celebrity Students | Spotahome Blog [PAR] London Universities With Celebrity Students [PAR] April 29, 2016 [PAR] Did you share your university with a celebrity? [PAR] It is highly likely that a celebrity has walked the halls of your university. You may have even used the same desk as your idol. Find out if a celebrity attended YOUR university! [PAR] London is home to some of the best universities in the world. It is therefore no surprise that several celebrities once chose this location as their place of study. Spotahome has selected our favourite celebrities who went to a university in London\u2026 [PAR] \u2026Mick Jagger [PAR] 1943 \u2013 Present [PAR] Celebrity Musician & LSE Student [PAR] Mick Jagger, otherwise known as the front-man of the Rolling Stones, studied Business at London School of Economics during the 1960s. Somewhat predictably, he dropped out in 1963 to pursue one of the most successful music careers in the history of Rock\u2019n\u2019Roll! [PAR] \u2026David Attenborough [PAR] 1926 \u2013 Present [PAR] Nature Documentarist & LSE Student [PAR] Sir David Attenborough is the nation\u2019s favourite documentary-making celebrity. His soothing voice and exquisitely-captured nature footage has attracted a large following of fans throughout the world. Attenborough reportedly studied Anthropology at the London School of Economics in 1964, but packed it in for a post as the Director of BBC2. [PAR] \u2026John F Kennedy [PAR] 1917 \u2013 1963 [PAR] Former US President & LSE Student [PAR] This may be news for some, but John F Kennedy attended the London School of Economics in 1935. Before returning to the USA, America\u2019s former President apparently attended LSE to pursue a General course and is arguably one of the university\u2019s most surprising celebrities. [PAR] \u2026Mahatma Gandhi [PAR] 1869 \u2013 1948 [PAR] Leader of Indian Independence & UCL Student [PAR] Unbeknownst to many, Mahatma Gandhi supposedly studied Law at University College London before returning to India where he enabled his country to achieve independence. Gandhi is remembered as an activist whose policy of nonviolence influenced many leaders of the civil rights movement. [PAR] \u2026Vivienne Westwood [PAR] 1941 \u2013 Present [PAR] Fashion Designer & Student at Middlesex, Westminster & Goldsmith Universities [PAR] Often praised for merging politics with punk and new wave fashion, Vivienne Westwood is renowned for being one of the most influential celebrity fashion designers of all time. Before launching her fruitful career, Westwood studied at Middlesex University , The University of Westminster and Goldsmiths University . [PAR] \u2026Nelson Mandela [PAR] 1918 \u2013 2013 [PAR] Anti-Apartheid Activist & University of London Student [PAR] He is not a celebrity in the traditional sense, but Nelson Mandela\u2019s name is among those who studied at the University of London. His path at this institution was certainly unconventional as he studied Law as a distance student during his 27-years of imprisonment. [PAR] \u2026Gael Garcia Bernal [PAR] 1978 \u2013 Present [PAR] Actor, Director & Central School of Speech and Drama Graduate [PAR] Have you seen The Motorcycle Diaries? If so, you may be aware of Gael Garcia Bernal. The Mexican actor/film director graduated from the Central School of Speech and Drama in London \u2013 he was the first Mexican to ever attend this institution. [PAR] \u2026Sir Elton John [PAR] 1947 \u2013 Present [PAR] Musician & Former Royal Academy of Music Student [PAR] Before becoming a celebrity musician in the late 1960s, Elton John honed his musical technique at the Royal Academy of Music. The singer values the inspirational training he received at this institution during his teenage years. [PAR] \u2026Kit Harington [PAR] 1986 \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is ... Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is published | World History Project [PAR] 1915 [PAR] Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is published [PAR] On the recommendation of Italian mathematician Tullio Levi-Civita, Einstein began exploring the usefulness of general covariance (essentially the use of tensors) for his gravitational theory. [PAR] For a while Einstein thought that there were problems with the approach, but he later returned to it and, by late 1915, had published his general theory of relativity in the form in which it is used today.[48] This theory explains gravitation as distortion of the structure of spacetime by matter, affecting the inertial motion of other matter. During World War I, the work of Central Powers scientists was available only to Central Powers academics, for national security reasons. Some of Einstein\u2019s work did reach the United Kingdom and the United States through the efforts of the Austrian Paul Ehrenfest and physicists in the Netherlands, especially 1902 Nobel Prize-winner Hendrik Lorentz and Willem de Sitter of Leiden University. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] Eleven years after On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, Einstein published his second groundbreaking work on General Relativity, which continues and expands the original theory. A preeminent feature of General Relativity is its view of gravitation. Einstein held that the forces of acceleration and gravity are equivalent. Again, the single premise that General Relativity is based on is surprisingly simple. It states that all physical laws can be formulated so as to be valid for any observer, regardless of the observer's motion. Consequently, due to the equivalence of acceleration and gravitation, in an accelerated reference frame, observations are equivalent to those in a uniform gravitational field. [PAR] This led Einstein to redefine the concept of space itself. In contrast to the Euclidean space in which Newton\u2019s laws apply, he proposed that space itself might be curved. The curvature of space, or better spacetime, is due to massive objects in it, such as the sun, which warp space around their gravitational centre. In such a space, the motion of objects can be described in terms of geometry rather than in terms of external forces. For example, a planet orbiting the Sun can be thought of as moving along a \"straight\" trajectory in a curved space that is bent around the Sun. [PAR] On the following pages we will examine spacetime and other fascinating aspects of Relativity in some detail and see how Relativity leads us to new insights about the structure and the creation of the universe. [PAR] Source: The Big View Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] In 1907, Einstein said that when he \"was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden a thought occurred to me: 'If a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight.' I was startled. This simple thought ... impelled me toward a theory of gravitation. ...\" [PAR] This was the fundamental principle for his General Theory of Relativity, which was published in 1916. Its foundation is that the laws of nature in an accelerating frame are equivalent to the laws of a gravitational field. This is known as the Equivalence Principle. In 1915, Einstein proposed a new theory of gravity, which is now called the General Theory of Relativity: [PAR] In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton had proposed a theory of gravity called Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Newton's Law had worked very well, but there were slight discrepancies between what was observed and what was mathematically predicted. An example"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sidney Poitier - HYENA Sidney Poitier [PAR] Shop by Color! [PAR] [PAR] \u201cIt has been a long journey to this moment,\u201d Sidney Poitier said on the night of April 14, 1964 when clasping the Oscar he had just won as best actor for Lilies of the Field, the first time that an African-American had been honored for a starring role. Thirty-eight years later, he returned to the podium to accept an honorary Oscar in recognition \u201cof his Remarkable Accomplishments as an Artist and as a Human Being.\u201d The color line would be crossed more dramatically than ever that year when Denzel Washington became the first African-American since Poitier to be named best actor, and Halle Barry made history as the first black female to win in the leading actress category. In his speech, Poitier explained how he \u201carrived in Hollywood at the age of twenty-two in a time different than today\u2019s, a time in which the odds against my standing here tonight fifty-three years later would not have fallen in my favor. Back then, no route had been established for where I was hoping to go, no pathway left in evidence for me to trace, no custom for me to follow.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] It was Poitier who established the route that Washington and Barry followed to success, and yet it was never his ambition to be an actor. As he told CNN\u2019s Larry King in 2008, \u201cI became an actor to prove a point.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] It was on February 20, 1927 while his Bahamian parents were visiting Miami, Florida that Sidney Poitier was born. Less than three pounds at birth, he was not expected to survive and his father had a coffin prepared for his burial. A soothsayer told his mother that he would not only survive, but one day \"walk with kings.\u201d He lived and grew up with six siblings on Cat Island where his family owned a tomato farm. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cIt was magical,\u201d he told NPR in 2009. \u201cThere was no transportation unless you had a donkey or a horse. No automobiles, no electric lights, no running water.\u201d There weren\u2019t any mirrors either, and the first time he saw the face that was destined for fame was in the reflection on the water. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cThe water was never quite still, so that I would look and what I would see is a distorted face. Every time I moved, it would move, and that\u2019s how I got to be introduced to my shadow. And my shadow and I became very good friends. We would race down the beach against each other, and the winner was always determined by the position of the sun. I remember dancing. I did all kinds of things with my shadow.\u201d Laughing at the memory, he said, \u201cI\u2019m glad psychiatry wasn\u2019t around then. They probably would have put me away.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Still, it wasn\u2019t the Garden of Eden. \u201cMy mother dressed me in flour sacks because she couldn\u2019t afford clothing,\u201d he told writer Aljean Harmetz. His father \u201chad no power, no influence except with his children. I saw the humiliation of a well-intended, hard-working honest man categorized as a surplus entity.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] When he was 10, the family moved to Nassau and it was there that his imagination was touched by the magic of movies. With some companions, he attended a Western and had \u201cthe biggest shock I would ever have.\u201d He was \u201cabsolutely fascinated,\u201d and went back to the theater after his friends had gone home to wait at the exit where, he believed, all the people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ireland, Republic of : History - Infoplease Ireland, Republic of: History [PAR] Ireland, Republic of [PAR] History [PAR] After the establishment by treaty with Great Britain of the Irish Free State (Jan., 1922), civil war broke out between supporters of the treaty and opponents, who refused to accept the partition of Ireland and the retention of any ties with Britain. The antitreaty forces, embodied in the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and led by Eamon De Valera , were defeated, although the IRA continued as a secret terrorist organization. William Cosgrave became the first prime minister. De Valera and his followers, the Fianna F\u00e1il party, agreed to take the oath of allegiance to the British crown and entered the D\u00e1il in 1927. [PAR] In 1932, De Valera became prime minister, and under his administration a new constitution was promulgated (1937), establishing the sovereign nation of Ireland, or Eire, within the Commonwealth of Nations. De Valera's policies aimed at the political and economic independence and union of all of Ireland. The loyalty oath to the crown was abolished, and certain economic provisions of the 1921 treaty with England were repudiated, leading to an \"economic war\" (1932\u201338) with Britain. [PAR] During World War II, Eire remained neutral and vigorously protested Allied military activity in Northern Ireland. The British were denied the use of Irish ports, and German and Japanese agents were allowed to operate in the country. Some 60,000 Irish citizens, however, volunteered to serve with the British armed forces, including some 7,000 who deserted from the Irish army. The people of Eire suffered relatively little hardship during the war and even profited from increased food exports. The postwar period brought a sharp rise in the cost of living and a decline in population, due in great part to steady emigration to Northern Ireland, Great Britain, and other countries. In 1948, Prime Minister Costello demanded total independence from Great Britain and reunification with the six counties of Northern Ireland. [PAR] The Republic of Ireland was proclaimed on Apr. 18, 1949. The country withdrew from the Commonwealth and formally claimed jurisdiction over the Ulster counties. It was admitted to the United Nations in 1955. Nothing came of the claim to Ulster, and during the 1950s and 60s the republic and Northern Ireland improved their economic relations. The later decade also saw an all-time low in Irish population, 2.82 million in 1961. In the late 1960s the problem of Northern Ireland flared up again in bitter fighting between the Protestant majority and Catholic minority there, aggravated by the actions of the IRA, which was headquartered in the republic. [PAR] In 1973, Erskine H. Childers succeeded De Valera as president of Ireland, and Liam Cosgrave , at the head of a Fine Gael\u2013Labor coalition, replaced Jack Lynch , of Fianna F\u00e1il, as prime minister. In the same year the republic joined the European Community (now the European Union ). Childers died in 1974 and was succeeded by Cearbhal O. Dalaigh. Lynch led Fianna F\u00e1il back into office in 1977; in 1979 fellow party member Charles Haughey replaced Lynch as prime minister. In 1981 a Fine Gael\u2013Labor coalition headed by Garret FitzGerald defeated Fianna F\u00e1il on an economic platform. Although ousted in 1982, the coalition was governing again six months later. Beginning in the late 1970s the republic's political situation was more fluid than it had been; there were several general elections and a variety of party schisms. In 1987, Haughey again became prime minister. As unemployment soared, especially among young people, outmigration increased, reaching a peak of 44,000 in 1989. [PAR] During the 1990s,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beagle-Bagels Barry Manilow Fan Club - garyoye.com The Beagle-Bagels Barry Manilow Fan Club [PAR] THANKS to ALL of our club members for being a part of the magic and fun! [PAR] Mani-love, [PAR] The Beagle-Bagels [PAR] \"They're 'Copabananas' for Barry 'Even Now,' after 31 years, Sterling Heights-based Manilow fan club still strong\" by Debra Kaszubski, Contributing Writer [PAR] Is there something about Barry Manilow that you want to know? Wondering if there really was a Mandy? Who shot who at the Copacabana? Forget about the Internet or even Manilow's official fan club. The source for everything Manilow lives in Macomb County and her name is Rosie Cowan. Cowan, of Sterling Heights, is vice president of the Beagle-Bagels, the oldest Manilow fan club. The club, which will celebrate its 31st anniversary March 7, 2008, was named after Manilow's pet beagle, named Bagel. Cowan has created and stores the fan club's 29 large scrapbooks filed with song lyrics, poems, newspaper clippings and a lot of Manilow photos. She has even used the phrase \"Mani-hi\" to greet people. Still, Cowan doesn't like to be called a \"Fanilow.\" \"I'd rather we be called his friends,\" Cowan said. [PAR] Judging from Cowan's many encounters with Manilow himself, it's safe to assume they really may be friends. Cowan, along with Stephie-Hill-Ross, the club's president, and Regina Moore, co-vice president, have met Manilow many times while following him on tour or during his local stops in the Detroit area. They used to decorate Manilow's dressing room using different themes, and one time, they placed notes on Manilow's toilet seat, in his shower and all throughout his backstage dressing room requesting that he call Hill-Ross on stage for a duet. Their scheme worked and Hill-Ross sang \"I Can't Smile Without You\" with her idol, whom she has loved since she was a child living in Detroit. [PAR] Cowan, a writer of poetry and short stories, has sent Manilow her work for several years. When she first met Manilow, she was thrilled to learn he had read her writings. \"You must be the famous Rosie,\" Cowan recalled Manilow saying when the two first met. Hill-Ross is a gifted graphic artist who has perfected Manilow's significant profile. Manilow himself has recognized the Beagle-Bagels on many occasions; he has sent the ladies flowers several times, and he even sent a bouquet of 50 roses to mark the club's fifth anniversary. Cowan, Hill-Ross and Moore could go on for hours sharing stories of their encounters with Manilow, their views on whether or not he has had plastic surgery and even his most recent career resurgence. Cowan was especially thrilled to see Barry perform on \"Dancing with the Stars.\" [PAR] While the ladies wish for a new CD (Cowan speculates an original might be on the horizon), they continue to attend Manilow's performances and were very excited about his Dec. 15 stop at The Palace. Although they were not able to decorate his backstage dressing room, as they had done years before, they were still very excited to see his show--his first in Detroit since 2004. \"Anytime Barry comes, we will be there, even if we are sitting in the nosebleed section!\" Hill-Ross said, \"Barry is our man and we will always be there to support him.\" [PAR] The club has certainly done a lot to support Manilow. Besides collecting a massive amount of memorabilia, producing a paper, and then an electronic newsletter called \"Beezer Speaks\" (Beezer refers to Manilow's nose), and helping to organize Manilow conventions, the ladies do plenty of charity work in Manilow's name. According to their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LA Times, 1929: Young Doug Weds Joan - Joan Crawford Best LA Times, 1929: Young Doug Weds Joan [PAR] YOUNG DOUG WEDS JOAN [PAR] Film Pair Marry in New York [PAR] Mother of Fairbanks Jr., at Church as Son Espouses Miss Crawford; [PAR] Father Telegraphs Approval; Plans for Ceremony Secret to Last [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] NEW YORK June 3. (Exclusive) -- Douglas Fairbanks. Jr. and Joan Crawford, motion-picture players, were married today in St. Malachy's Roman Catholic Church by Rev. Edward F. Leonard. [PAR] Fairbanks\ufffd mother, Beth Sully, the first wife of Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was present at the ceremony. The wedding was the culmination of an engagement for the last two years, during which time there were many rumors linking the two is marriage, but which were subsequently denied. [PAR] TOLD HIS FATHER [PAR] Even when applying for the license today Fairbanks had asserted that they would not be married until some time in the fall. [PAR] Fairbanks said he had told his father of his intentions before he left Hollywood and that the latter had given his blessing and followed it with a telegram of congratulation today. [PAR] An hour after the ceremony the couple was back at the Algonquin Hotel. Miss Crawford was at a writing desk penning a letter to her mother, which, she said, started with \"Dear Mother, it is but an hour since\ufffd\ufffd [PAR] Fairbanks fidgeted in his chair and explained how his affair had been a \"romantic and sweet one.\" \"I suppose I\ufffdm expected to say that I\ufffdm the happiest and proudest, and so forth,\" he said. \ufffdBut it's true.\" [PAR] \"As for me,\" interrupted his wife, \ufffdI love you so.\" [PAR] JOAN SHOWS RING [PAR] \"Marriage is a wonderful thing,\" soliloquized young Fairbanks, \ufffdbut it certainly scares you.\ufffd [PAR] Mrs. Fairbanks turned nonchalantly to her writing again. She ate huge red cherries out of a glass pitcher. Suddenly she ran to the lamp and held her hand so that the light was reflected from the large diamond ring she wore. [PAR] \"Isn't it gorgeous?\" she demanded. \"We bought it today.\" [PAR] WILL HONEYMOON ABROAD [PAR] Mr. Fairbanks went on to tell about his wedding. How he had watched some one crying in a mirror. How his knees shook. How his gaze had been fixed on a blotter on the floor. [PAR] The couple arrived in New York Thursday and plan to leave for California next Tuesday. They will take up their separate motion-picture careers in different studios. Mrs. Fairbanks will keep her name of Joan Crawford on the screen. She has three more pictures to make thus year and Mr. Fairbanks has four. After these are finished, it was explained, they intend to come east and then sail for Europe on a honeymoon. [PAR] WEDDING RUMOR DENIED OFTEN IN HOLLYWOOD [PAR] When Joan Crawford and Douglas Fairbanks. Jr. left Hollywood several days ago for a vacation trip to the East, they declared they were not to be married until August 23. While their marriage was not unexpected in Hollywood, the news of the ceremony came as somewhat of a surprise. [PAR] The romance has been watched with interest for many months in Hollywood and it was not long ago that they admitted their engagement after consistent rumors they had been married in Mexico more than a year ago. These reports they consistently denied. [PAR] Joan's mother said last night In Hollywood that the marriage was a surprise to her as she had been helping her daughter prepare her trousseau and was making plans for the wedding here. [PAR] \"I received"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quotes: Women Say About Men by Brownielocks. Quotes: Women Say About Men by Brownielocks. [PAR] Brownielocks and The 3 Bears [PAR] present [PAR] Quotes about men by famous women through the ages. [PAR] [PAR] \"Women want mediocre men, and men are working hard to be as mediocre as possible.\" [PAR] Margaret Mead [PAR] [PAR] \"If you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman.\" [PAR] Margaret Thatcher [PAR] \"Behind every great man there is a surprised woman.\" [PAR] Maryon Pearson [PAR] \"If a man is only a little lower than the angels, the angels should reform.\" [PAR] Mary Wilson Little [PAR] \"As long as you know most men are like children, you know everything.\" [PAR] CoCo Chanel [PAR] \"A man's home may seem to be his castle from the outside; [PAR] inside, it is more often his nursery.\" [PAR] Clare Booth Luce [PAR] \"I refuse to consign the whole male sex to the nursery. [PAR] I insist on believing that some men are my equals.\" [PAR] Brigid Brophy [PAR] \"Probably the only place a man can feel really secure is a maximum security prison, [PAR] except for the imminent threat of release.\" [PAR] Germaine Greer [PAR] \"I like men to behave like men -- strong and childish.\" [PAR] Francoise Sagan [PAR] \"I only like two kinds of men: Domestic and Imported.\" [PAR] Mae West [PAR] [PAR] \"One cannot be always laughing at a man without now and then stumbling on something witty.\" [PAR] Jane Austin [PAR] \"If you talk about yourself, he'll think you're boring. [PAR] If you talk about others, he'll think you're a gossip. [PAR] If you talk about him, he'll think you're a brilliant conversationalist.\" [PAR] Linda Sunshine [PAR] [PAR] \"The average man is more interested in a woman who is interested in him that he is in a woman [PAR] ---any woman--- with beautiful legs.\" [PAR] Marlene Dietrich [PAR] \"Men are always ready to respect anything that bores them.\" [PAR] Marilyn Monroe [PAR] \"The only place men want depth in a woman is in her decolletage.\" [PAR] Zsa Zsa Gabor [PAR] \"Men are those creatures with two legs and eight hands.\" [PAR] Jayne Mansfield [PAR] \"Men are beasts, and even beasts don't behave as they do.\" [PAR] Brigitte Bardot [PAR] \"A gentleman is a patient wolf.\" [PAR] Henriett Tiarks [PAR] \"Give a man a free hand and he'll run it all over you.\" [PAR] Mae West [PAR] \"Latins are tenderly enthusiastic. In Brazil they throw flowers at you. [PAR] In Argentina they throw themselves.\" [PAR] Marlene Dietrich [PAR] [PAR] \"Whenever I date a guy, I think, is this the man I want my children to spend their weekends with?\" [PAR] Rita Rudner [PAR] \"No nice men are good at getting taxis.\" [PAR] Katharine Whitehorn [PAR] [PAR] \"I never married because I have three pets at home that answer the same purpose as a husband: [PAR] I have a dog that growls every morning; [PAR] A parrot that swears all afternoon, and [PAR] A cat that comes home late at night.\" [PAR] Marie Corelli [PAR] \"I think every woman is entitled to a middle husband she can forget.\" [PAR] Adela Rogers St. John [PAR] [PAR] \"It is ridiculous to think that you can spend your entire life with just one person. [PAR] Three is about the right number. Yes, I imagine three husbands would do it?\" [PAR] Clare Boothe Luce [PAR] [PAR] \"Marrying a man is like buying something you've been admiring for a long time in a shop window. [PAR] You may love it when you get home,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1952 Checkers speech - The History Place The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Richard Nixon Checkers Speech [PAR] At the 1952 Republican national convention, a young Senator from California, Richard M. Nixon, was chosen to be the running mate of presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower. [PAR] Nixon had enjoyed a spectacular rise in national politics. Elected to Congress in 1946, he quickly made a name for himself as a militant anti-Communist while serving on the House Un-American Activities Committee. In 1950, at age 38, he was elected to the Senate and became an outspoken critic of President Truman's conduct of the Korean War. He also cited wasteful spending by the Democrats, and alleged that Communists had infiltrated the U.S. government. [PAR] But Nixon's rapid rise in American politics nearly came to a crashing halt after a sensational headline appeared in the New York Post stating, \"Secret Rich Men's Trust Fund Keeps Nixon in Style Far Beyond His Salary.\" The headline appeared just a few days after Eisenhower had chosen him as his running mate. Amid the shock and outrage that followed, many Republicans urged Eisenhower to dump Nixon from the ticket before it was too late. [PAR] Nixon, however, in a brilliant political maneuver, took his case directly to the American people via the new medium of television. During a nationwide broadcast, with his wife Pat sitting stoically nearby, Nixon offered an apologetic explanation of his finances, including the now-famous lines regarding his wife's \"respectable Republican cloth coat.\" Additionally, he told of a little dog named Checkers that was given as a present to his young daughters. \"I want to say right now that regardless of what they say, we're going to keep it.\" [PAR] He turned the last section of his address into a political attack, making veiled accusations about the finances of his political opponents and challenging them to provide the same kind of open explanation. [PAR] Although it would forever be known as Nixon's \"Checkers Speech,\" it was actually a political triumph for Nixon at the time it was given. Eisenhower requested Nixon to come to West Virginia where he was campaigning and greeted Nixon at the airport with, \"Dick, you're my boy.\" The Republicans went on to win the election by a landslide. [PAR] My Fellow Americans, [PAR] I come before you tonight as a candidate for the Vice-presidency and as a man whose honesty and integrity has been questioned. [PAR] Now, the usual political thing to do when charges are made against you is to either ignore them or to deny them without giving details. I believe we have had enough of that in the United States, particularly with the present administration in Washington D.C. [PAR] To me, the office of the Vice-presidency of the United States is a great office, and I feel that the people have got to have confidence in the integrity of the men who run for that office and who might attain them. [PAR] I have a theory, too, that the best and only answer to a smear or an honest misunderstanding of the facts is to tell the truth. And that is why I am here tonight. I want to tell you my side of the case. [PAR] I am sure that you have read the charges, and you have heard it, that I, Senator Nixon, took $18,000 from a group of my supporters. [PAR] Now, was that wrong? And let me say that it was wrong. I am saying it, incidentally, that it was wrong, just not illegal, because it isn't a question of whether"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lal Bahadur Shastri | prime minister of India | Britannica.com Lal Bahadur Shastri | prime minister of India | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of India [PAR] Lal Bahadur Shastri, (born Oct. 2, 1904, Mughalsarai, India\u2014died Jan. 11, 1966, Tashkent , Uzbekistan , U.S.S.R.), Indian statesman, prime minister of India (1964\u201366) after Jawaharlal Nehru . [PAR] Lal Bahadur Shastri. [PAR] Camera Press/Globe Photos [PAR] A member of Mahatma Gandhi \u2019s noncooperation movement against British government in India, he was imprisoned for a short time (1921). Upon release he studied in the Kashi Vidyapitha, a nationalist university, where he graduated with the title of shastri (\u201clearned in the scriptures\u201d). He then returned to politics as a follower of Gandhi, was imprisoned several more times, and attained influential positions in the Congress Party of the state of the United Provinces , now Uttar Pradesh state. [PAR] Shastri was elected to the legislature of the United Provinces in 1937 and 1946. After Indian independence, Shastri gained experience as minister for home affairs and transport in Uttar Pradesh. He was elected to the central Indian legislature in 1952 and became union minister for railways and transport. He gained a reputation as a skillful mediator after his appointment to the influential post of minister for home affairs in 1961. Three years later, on Jawaharlal Nehru\u2019s illness, Shastri was appointed minister without portfolio, and after Nehru\u2019s death he became prime minister in June 1964. [PAR] Shastri was criticized for failing to deal effectively with India\u2019s economic problems, but he won great popularity for his firmness on the outbreak of hostilities with neighbouring Pakistan (1965) over the disputed Kashmir region. He died of a heart attack after signing a \u201cno-war\u201d agreement with Pres. Ayub Khan of Pakistan and was succeeded as prime minister by Indira Gandhi , Nehru\u2019s daughter. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Manas: History and Politics, Lal Bahadur Shastri Manas: History and Politics, Lal Bahadur Shastri [PAR] [PAR] Lal Bahadur Shastri [PAR] Lal Bahadur Shastri (born 1904) succeeded Jawaharlal Nehru as Prime Minister of India in 1964. Though eclipsed by such stalwarts of the Congress party as Kamaraj (the Kingmaker) and Morarji Desai, Finance Minister in Nehru's government, Shastri emerged as the consensus candidate in the midst of party warfare. He had not been in power long before he had to attend to the difficult matter of Pakistani aggression, as represented by India, along the Rann of Kutch; and though a cease-fire under the auspices of the United Nations put a temporary halt to the fighting, the scene of conflict soon shifted to the more troubled spot of Kashmir. While Pakistan claimed that a spontaneous uprising against the Indian occupation of Kashmir had taken place, India charged Pakistan with fomenting sedition inside its territory and sending armed raiders into Jammu and Kashmir from Azad Kashmir. Shastri promised to meet force with force, and by early September the second Indo-Pakistan war had commenced. [PAR] Though the Indian army reached the outskirts of Lahore, Shastri agreed to withdraw Indian forces. He had always been identified with the interests of the working class and peasants since the days of his involvement with the freedom struggle, and now his popularity agree. But his triumph was short-lived: invited in January 1966 by the Russian Premier, Aleksei Kosygin, to Tashkent for a summit with General Muhammad Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan and commander of the nation's armed forces, Shastri suffered a fatal heart attack hours after signing a treaty where India and Pakistan agreed to not meddle in each other's internal affairs and \"not to have recourse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russian History Michael Report 1600s-1700s - #bookoflife.\ufeff Russian History Michael Report 1600s-1700s [PAR] Russian General Overview of Seventeenth Century [RU06] [PAR] By Michael Johnathan McDonald [PAR] RUS 17th CENTURY [PAR] Background: [PAR] People, Culture, Cites, Towns, Expansion, Foreigners, Slavery, Art, Thought, Expression, government, and whatever else makes up an energizing civilization. [PAR] Imperialism: Subjugation of Siberia [PAR] For the 1600s Imperialism of the former Khanates, and Ivan The Fearsome, see RU01. [PAR] Religious Battles: [PAR] Russian was not modern bureaucracy, the service was to the severing the tsar ( the king), not the state-like in the west. But this would change at the close of the century and the pubic body of the office of the ruler will become more like the west. [PAR] Do not pick a date in the 17th century as a turning point ; the whole 17th century is a turning point? Professor J. Kollman: There were continuity and changes going back and forth. [PAR] Rus (Russian) Background [PAR] PART I [PAR] pomest'e (or pomestie) system: Service tenure land given by the central authorities to servitors in return for service to the state. It was conditional, an economic base for the aristocracy, and tied all strata of servitors in varying degrees to the sovereign. It could be revoked if the service tenure landholder (pomeshchik) failed to render service. Increasingly, from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries, it replaced or operated alongside the patrimonial land (votchina) owned outright by its lord who could will it to descendants without approval. [1] Begun toward end of fifteenth century, becoming widespread after the annexation of Novgorod, Ivan III confiscated Novgorod boyar\u2019s votchiny and extensive church landholdings. By the time of Ivan IV onward (decree 10/3/1550), deti boiarskie made up the majority responsible for rendering military service to the sovereign. It contributed to a single integrated army for a newly unified Russian state. It acted like a system of rewarding a noble\u2019s work for a state with land. As it grew, it played a major factor in the seventeenth century diminishing differences between landlords and service class gentry as the Ulozhenie code indicated. Peter I\u2019s reforms founded a permanent army and a civil service and this system was no longer needed. [PAR] [PAR] Mestnichestvo: system of places, was part of the honor and shame society and ceremonial role-playing that determined the relative standing of each prince, boyar and upper servitor in the Muscovite system: record keeping determined an importance of whom had served where, and when in wars. Restricted during regimental service in 1550s (decree 10/3/1550), during campaigns against Kazan and Astrakhan with the objective of improving discipline, [2] this system in general lasted until 1682. The Tsar was constrained by custom to observe this hierarchy when appointing military commanders, administrators and other officials. In social relevance this system created lawsuits, and disagreements among its members. This led to clans in the sixteenth century onward keeping extensive genealogy books, therefore becoming part of the evidence in the litigations. Another weakness was a rigidity of assignments in military commands which kept the best men from filling those positions. This ultimately led to poor performance on the battlefield. On the other hand, mestnichestvo may have helped knit together a large, widely dispersed servitor elite. [PAR] [PAR] Boyar Duma: Boyars developed in the eleventh century in Kievan Rus\u2019 and wielded considerable power through their military and support of the Kievan princes. They received extensive grants of land and, as members of the Boyars' Duma (by Muscovite times, in the sixteenth century, there were four ranks of Duma status, and boyars were at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II dedicates John F. Kennedy Memorial at ... Queen Elizabeth II dedicates John F. Kennedy Memorial at Runnymede - YouTube [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II dedicates John F. Kennedy Memorial at Runnymede [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 17, 2009 [PAR] The memorial was dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II in May, 1965. Jacqueline Kennedy, John Jr., Caroline, Robert and Edward Kennedy were all present for the ceremony. [PAR] As a major part of the dedication, the Queen handed over one acre of land containing the memorial to then-Secretary of State Dean Rusk. It became American soil to symbolize the close association between the U.K. and the U.S. [PAR] The site is truly awe-inspiring - very peaceful - and it contains several elements not to be missed: [PAR] The memorial site itself was designed by famed landscape artist Geoffrey A. Jellicoe. Sculptor Alan Collins inscribed text on a 7-ton block of Portland white stone that is the highlight of the memorial. The stone is from the same quarry that provided material for St. Paul's Cathedral more than 300 years ago. [PAR] On the stone is the dedication \"This acre of English Ground was Given to the United States of America by the People of Britain in Memory of John F. Kennedy.\" Also inscribed are his birth and death dates and a passage from his 1961 inaugural address. [PAR] Getting to the memorial stone is an impressive part of the experience. Visitors first pass through a wicket gate leading to a set of steps and a stone path. The design is based on the theme of John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress - life, death and spirit. [PAR] The path has more than 60,000 granite stones representing the multitude of pilgrims (people of the U.S.) and winds gently up a small hill. The surface is rough, representing life's challenges. [PAR] The shallow steps running beside the path are numbered to represent each of President Kennedy's years of life. At the top of the steps there are larger platforms for viewing the memorial stone. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Non-Violence | The Story of India - Photo Gallery | PBS Non-Violence | The Story of India - Photo Gallery | PBS [PAR] The Story of India [PAR] The reclining statue of the Buddha in the Mahaparinirvana Temple at Kushinagar, in Uttar Pradesh [PAR] Explore the Topic [PAR] For many today, non-violence is a concept only associated with Mahatma Gandhi and India's freedom struggle during the early 20th century. However, Gandhi's championing of non-violent resistance, or satyagraha , to bring about political change relied on principles that were already deeply ingrained in Indian thought and culture. Non-violence or non-injury (ahimsa in Sanskrit) is a precept common to three faiths that originated in the Indian subcontinent\u2014Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. [PAR] Ahimsa is identified as an essential virtue in the ancient Hindu treatises the Upanishads. In Hinduism , adherents to the proscription against violence toward living things can escape from the cycle of rebirth and the doctrine also forms a basis for vegetarianism. [PAR] In Buddhism , non-violence is manifest in the Buddha 's emphasis on compassion and is also part of the faith's moral codes. Buddhist principles of non-violence became part of the administrative policy of the Mauryan Empire during the reign of Ashoka in the third century, and reminders of these principles, such as this reclining Buddha , can still be found throughout India. [PAR] In Jainism , non-violence is a core religious duty and followed so strictly that the most orthodox devotees cover their faces with masks to prevent accidentally harming insects. [PAR] Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi [PAR] Mohandas Gandhi [PAR] Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948), known as Mahatma (\"Great Soul\"), was the great political leader and social reformer who founded India's nonviolent movement against British colonial rule. Born the son of a state minister in Gujarat in 1869, Gandhi moved to South Africa after studying law in London. While practicing law in South Africa, between 1893 and 1914, he became a social reformer and mobilized diverse South African communities to protest British laws, such as the poll tax, that discriminated against Indians. While in Africa, he developed the practice of satyagraha , or nonviolent protest, based on the ethical ideal of ahimsa (\"no-harm\" or non-violence) a precept deeply rooted in the three faiths that originated in India\u2014 Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism . In 1909, he wrote his landmark work, Hind Swaraj, or Freedom of India, that discussed nonviolent non-cooperation as a means to end British colonial rule. [PAR] After returning to India in 1915, Gandhi organized satyagrahas against poverty and unfair taxes, championing boycotts and peaceful strikes. In the 1920s, Gandhi reorganized the Indian National Congress and wrote its constitution that prioritized Congressional representation for rural India and created a permanent committee to agitate for independence. He also adopted a simpler way of life, eschewing European clothes for the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, which he spun on a charkha; adhering to a strictly vegetarian diet; and undertaking fasts that he also employed in social protest. [PAR] From 1920 to 1948, Gandhi organized a series of campaigns that successfully mobilized Indians across the country against British rule. A non-cooperation movement in the early 1920s that urged citizens to boycott civic services and withhold tax revenues led to thousands of arrests and a government ban on public meetings. In 1930, he led a satyagraha against the British salt tax, marching 240 miles from his Sabarmati ashram to Dandi beach, in Gujarat. After picking up a lump of sea salt on the beach, Gandhi was arrested for breaking the law and 60,000 to 90,000 others would be arrested"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] INXS Leader Michael Hutchence's Final Hours - MTV INXS Leader Michael Hutchence's Final Hours - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] archive-Nick-Corr [PAR] 11/27/1997 [PAR] AUSTRALIA -- Although it's likely no one will ever know the exact sequence of events leading up to the death of INXS leader Michael Hutchence, who was found hanging from his leather belt last Saturday in his suite at Sydney, Australia's Ritz-Carlton, based on that country's media reports, Addicted to Noise police interviews and research, here is a chronology of Hutchence's final hours. [PAR] FRIDAY, Nov. 21 (local time): [PAR] Daytime -- Hutchence rehearses with INXS for the band's 20th anniversary tour. A crew from the Australian news show \"A Current Affair\" film the band for a segment on the tour. Frances Georgeson, national promotions manager for Mercury Records, who visited with Hutchence that night, said, \"He was in great spirits. He was going out for dinner with his father, making jokes, looking forward to the tour.\" [PAR] 7:45 p.m. -- Hutchence dines with his father, Kel, and step-mother at The Taste of India, a popular restaurant in Edgecliff, a five-minute drive from the Ritz-Carlton. The mood, according to restaurant manager Ashley Notani, was warm and relaxed. The singer nibbled at his dinner, chain-smoking throughout the meal, planting a kiss on Notani's lips and baring his belly when a staff member suggested he eat more. The restaurant's assistant manager, Susan Murtagh, told journalists that at one point in the evening, Hutchence's father placed his hand over his son's and asked if everything was all right. Conflicting reports suggest that Hutchence replied either by shrugging his shoulders, or said \"Dad, I'm fine.\" The restaurant yesterday refused to take several bookings for the \"Hutchence table.\" [PAR] 10:30 p.m. -- Kel Hutchence takes Michael back to the Ritz-Carlton, where he had several drinks in the hotel bar. [PAR] 11 p.m. -- Tanya Turnball, 29, of Sydney, and Tamara Brachmanis, 26, of Manly, share an elevator with Hutchence at the hotel, saying he seemed relaxed and happy. The pair see Hutchence again soon after, chatting with actress Kym Wilson and her boyfriend, Christopher Stollery. Hutchence leaves the bar alone, returning to his room. Staff at the hotel confirm that several calls for room service are made during the night. [PAR] Time Unknown -- Hutchence's girlfriend, Paula Yates, phones to say that, due to a delayed custody hearing, neither she nor the couple's daughter, Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily, will be able to join INXS in Australia for the 20th Anniversary tour. Yates said a furious Hutchence then phoned Yates' former husband, ex-Boomtown Rat Bob Geldof and, according to Britain's Sun newspaper, shouted: \"She's not your wife anymore.\" \"The last words [Yates] heard Michael say were, 'I love you. I'm going to phone Bob right now and beg him, beg him to allow them to come,' \" according to British television journalist Martin Frizell. [PAR] SATURDAY, Nov. 22 (local time): [PAR] Midnight to dawn -- Police confirm that hotel staff deliver room service to Hutchence's fifth floor suite (524) on several occasions throughout the night. They refuse to comment if Hutchence was alone at these times or what he ordered. Staff tell police the singer seemed fine. [PAR] 9 to 9:30 a.m. -- Police say Hutchence phones a former girlfriend, Michelle Bennett, in nearby Bellevue Hill around 9 a.m., leaving a message on her answering machine saying, \"I need to see you.\" Bennett tells police that Hutchence's voice sounded \"normal,\" neither distressed nor angry. [PAR] 11 a.m. -- Bennett hears the message and goes to the hotel. There is no reply,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Little Foxes, a Curtainup review The Little Foxes, a Curtainup review [PAR] A CurtainUp Review [PAR] By Elyse Sommer [PAR] There are people who eat the earth and eat all the people on it like in the Bible with the Locusts. Then there are people who watch them do it. . . Sometimes I think it ain't right to stand and watch them do it. \u2014 Addie. [PAR] Tina Benko (in red) and Elizabeth Marvel (Photo: Jan Versweyveld) [PAR] If you had to sum up Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes in a tweet: It's a story about money and how to use it or how to acquire more of it through deceit and greed. [PAR] If ever a play seems ripe for a revival, it's certainly this saga of the rapacious Hubbards, Hellman's symbols of the merchant under class clawing its way up the social ladder after the Civil War to usurp the wealth and power of top bananas. The greedy and deceitful Hubbards can easily be seen as the forbears of the financial wizards whose reckless, self-serving practices have left not just the poor blacks of the Hubbard's small Alabama town behind , but workers and home owners all over America. [PAR] With its ever timely theme, The Little Foxes is Hellman's best known and most popular plays. Its numerous productions have included three on Broadway. Tthe 1939 premiere is best remembered for Tallulah Bankhead's Regina. The viper-in-chief was played by Elizabeth Taylor in 1981 and Stockard Channing in 1997. There was also a 1941 movie that starred Bette Davis. While these productions were helmed by the likes of Mike Nichols on stage and William Wyler in Hollywood, all surrounded the actors with lavishly detailed period costumes and sets, a grand staircase being something of a de rigueur scenic centerpiece for all. [PAR] But park your expectations of a comfortable, period appointed living room and that dramatic grand, curved stairway at the door of the New York Theatre Workshop. That's where Flemish director and cutting edge theater wunderkind Ivo Van Hove is once again imposing his own auteur-director's vision on that of the playwright's. Instead of sitting on chairs, the actors sit or lie on the floor or stand and stomp around a wide open prop-less stage. [PAR] As for the text, actually Van Hove is true to the script (even the reference to the levees being built in New Orleans is not a trendy insert to tie this into Katrina). But his way of overcoming the so-called tyranny of the text and foxily turning this from Hellman's into Van Hove's Little Foxes, is to put his own spin on the playwright's stage directions and to push his actors to play their characters so that their interactions and reactions are not just dysfunctional but dangerously demented. Violence is everywhere, most shockingly so when a scene in which the younger Hubbard brother, Oscar, slaps his alcoholic and aptly named wife Birdie turns into full-fledged criminal abuse. [PAR] So what does this latest VanHovian landscape look like? Despite the lack of convenional props, the director and production designer Jan Versweyveld, who was also aboard for Hedda Gabler , A Streetcar Named Desire and More Stately Mansions . have created a very artfully designed production. Traditionalists, especially this play's many fans, might not like it. I suspect, if she were still with us, neither would the playwright whose penchant for luxury was epitomized by her famous outing as a mink coat model. [PAR] There IS a staircase, but it's straight up, without a railing and rather unimposingly tucked into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FASHION is not a CRIME | Alexander McQueen FASHION is not a CRIME | Alexander McQueen [PAR] FASHION is not a CRIME [PAR] This blog is all about fashion, leaders and its followers! High, Low, Mixed or Matched fashion! Candid or not! Pictures posted here are not mine it all comes from different websites i go to. Credits will also appear for you to know where to find it. [PAR] Alexander McQueen [PAR] Lee Alexander McQueen was a British fashion designer and couturier best known for his in-depth knowledge of bespoke British tailoring, his tendency to juxtapose female strength and sensuality with fragility in his collections, as well as the emotional power and raw energy of his provocative fashion shows. He is also known for having worked as chief designer at Givenchy from 1996 to 2001 and for founding his own label under the name Alexander McQueen. His achievements in fashion earned him four British Designer of the Year awards (1996, 1997, 2001 and 2003), as well as the CFDA\u2019s International Designer of the Year award in 2003. [PAR] While on Savile Row, McQueen\u2019s clients included Mikhail Gorbachev and Prince Charles. At the age of 20 he spent a period of time working for Koji Tatsuno before travelling to Milan, Italy and working for Romeo Gigli. [PAR] McQueen returned to London in 1994 and applied to Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, to work as a pattern cutter tutor. Because of the strength of his portfolio he was persuaded by the Head of the Masters course to enroll in the course as a student. He received his masters degree in fashion design and his graduation collection was bought in its entirety by influential fashion stylist Isabella Blow, who was said to have persuaded McQueen to become known as Alexander (his middle name) when he subsequently launched his fashion career. [PAR] Icelandic singer Bj\u00f6rk sought McQueen\u2019s work for the cover of her album Homogenic in 1997. McQueen also directed the music video for her song \u201cAlarm Call\u201d from the same album. [PAR] McQueen\u2019s early runway collections developed his reputation for controversy and shock tactics (earning the title \u201cl'enfant terrible\u201d and \u201cthe hooligan of English fashion\u201d), with trousers aptly named \u201cbumsters\u201d and a collection entitled \u201cHighland Rape\u201d. In 2004, journalist Caroline Evans also wrote of McQueen\u2019s \u201ctheatrical staging of cruelty,\u201d in 032c magazine, referring to his dark and tortured renderings of Scottish History. McQueen was known for his lavish, unconventional runway shows: a recreation of a shipwreck for his spring 2003 collection; spring 2005\u2019s human chess game; and his fall 2006 show \u201cWidows of Culloden,\u201d which featured a life-sized hologram of supermodel Kate Moss dressed in yards of rippling fabric. [PAR] McQueen\u2019s \u201cbumsters\u201d spawned a trend in low rise jeans; on their debut they attracted many comments and debate. Michael Oliveira-Salac, the director of Blow PR and a friend of McQueen\u2019s said that \u201cThe bumster for me is what defined McQueen.\" McQueen also became known for using skulls in his designs. A scarf bearing the motif became a celebrity must-have and was copied around the world. [PAR] McQueen has been credited with bringing drama and extravagance to the catwalk. He used new technology and innovation to add a different twist to his shows and often shocked and surprised audiences. The silhouettes that he created have been credited for adding a sense of fantasy and rebellion to fashion. McQueen became one of the first designers to use Indian models in London. [PAR] McQueen also designed a range of dresses under the name of \"manta\u201d, priced at around \u00a32800. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jane Fonda Movies on iTunes - Apple Jane Fonda Movies on iTunes [PAR] Open iTunes to buy and download movies [PAR] Biography [PAR] Ranking at number 21 in Empire magazine's 100 Sexiest Stars in Film History, Jane Fonda, fitness expert and veteran actress, has a long list of hit movies to her name, including: Klute, Barefoot in the Park, Barbarella, They Shoot Horses Don't They?, and On Golden Pond (each breakthrough movies in their own right). The latter starred Fonda with her father, Henry Fonda (12 Angry Men, The Grapes of Wrath), the only movie the famous pair ever made together, for which she was nominated for an Oscar. All in all, she has been nominated for seven Oscars and won two of them -- but perhaps her biggest feat came in hunting down some of the more interesting roles for women in Hollywood. That, and the ten Golden Globes for which she was nominated. (She won half of them.) In the later part of her acting career, she starred in Julia, Coming Home, Agnes of God, 9 to 5, and Stanley and Iris. This generation may not remember this brilliant leading lady who graduated from Vassar (labeled a radical in the '60s and '70s for her political and feminist points of view) for her acting ability -- but for her workout tapes. Jane Fonda helped start a fitness craze in the '80s, selling tapes on everything from aerobics to working-out-while-you're-pregnant to yoga. Fonda has made a reported $670 million from her fitness tapes and merchandising -- a sum equaling more than all of her movies put together. Jane Fonda got her start just by being a Fonda. She didn't show much interest in acting as child, but when she was 17, she performed in a community theater production with her father in The Country Girl (1954) and showed real talent. She then joined the Actor's Studio after meeting Lee Strasberg. The Broadway production of Tall Story, which Jane Fonda had a role in, was remade into a movie, and this became her screen debut. Jane Fonda's father is famous actor Henry Fonda, and her brother is actor Peter Fonda. The Fonda children had a notably troubled relationship with their father. Their mother committed suicide when Jane was only 13. From the time she was in high school until she was 36, Jane struggled with bulimia. She has been married and divorced three times, the last time to CNN's network founder, conservative Ted Turner. She has four children and is also aunt to Bridget Fonda. As expected, the press has kept a watchful, and not always kind, eye upon her throughout her life. Fonda came out of semi-retirement from acting in 2001 for a benefit performance of The Vagina Monologues. The year before, she made a film in Nigeria to promote stopping female genital mutilation. She has also written several books. ~ Sandy Lawson [PAR] Top Movies[DOC] [TLE] Jane Fonda - Biography - IMDb Jane Fonda - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jane Fonda [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 222 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (141) | Personal Quotes (55) | Salary (17) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Born in New York City to legendary screen star Henry Fonda and New York socialite Frances Seymour Brokaw, Jane Seymour Fonda was destined early to an uncommon and influential life in the limelight. Although she initially showed little inclination to follow her father's trade, she was prompted by Joshua"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Out of Bounds Moon - Forrest Astrology The Out of Bounds Moon [PAR] The Out of Bounds Moon [PAR] The Out of Bounds Moon [PAR] Forrest Astrology [PAR] Originally appeared in The Mountain Astrologer magazine, June 2010. Reprinted with permission. [PAR] The familiar circle of twelve signs is a useful fiction. Like time, space, gender and money, it helps us organize our particular, parochial sense of reality. We watch our transits or progressions as they speed or plod along this imaginary line in the sky that we call the ecliptic, as if it were a narrow highway with hard curbs in the vastness of starry space. In our ephemerides, for example, we see Mercury zipping merrily along, 1\u00b0 Capricorn, then 2\u00b0 then 3\u02dc. We see Pluto passing the same mileposts\u2014little knowing that Pluto might actually lie thirty degrees from Mercury, way above or below it in the sky, even though we say they are \u201cin conjunction.\u201d In actuality, the only moving astrological point that sticks exactly to the ecliptic is the Sun. Its path, in fact, is what defines the term. Everything else follows it only approximately. [PAR] Ever wonder why we don\u2019t have a total solar eclipse every month? Sure enough, there on your computer screen you plainly see the transiting Sun and the transiting Moon aligned in 15\u00b0 24'\u2014but no total eclipse of the Sun. The reason is that the Moon is usually a little above the Sun or a little below it. They are \u201cconjunct,\u201d but only in the context of our imaginary celestial railroad track, the zodiac. They are lined up in the two-dimensional framework of the ecliptic, but not in the three dimensional framework of the heavens as they actually meet our eyes. (1) [PAR] When a planet gets far enough from the ecliptic, it begins to produce some very curious effects. It is said to be \u201c Out of Bounds .\u201d The fact that it is behaving strangely in the sky gives us a broad hint as to its astrological meaning. We will get to that very soon. The point is that looking at the zodiac in the familiar sign-and-degree way, we would not even notice this condition. The planet\u2019s position would just seem to be a normal zodiacal degree, nothing more. But, conventional astrology aside, we would definitely notice the practical impact of this Out of Bounds planet on our lives. [PAR] Of all the planets, the Moon is most dramatic in it effects when Out of Bounds, in my experience. In fact of all the astronomical loose ends that are basically ignored in mainstream astrological practice, this Out of Bounds Moon is one of the most astonishing in its repercussions. But to understand it precisely, we need to think outside the box\u2014rather literally\u2014of our fiction that planets all move along one narrow track in the sky. And to escape that trap we must begin with a meditation upon the four seasons. [PAR] SEASONS, EQUINOXES, SOLSTICES [PAR] Back in school, most of us learned about why Earth has seasons. In summer, our planet is tilted toward the Sun. The visual effect is that the Sun rises higher in the sky and the days last longer. The opposite happens in winter\u2014Earth is tilted away, so the Sun is lower and the daylight is briefer\u2014and the weather cools down. [PAR] Earth\u2019s angle of tilt varies over very long scales of time, but it is currently at about 23\u00b028' according to the Solar Fire Help files. Wikipedia gives 23\u00b026'. (2). In this article, I am going to go with Solar Fire\u2019s value. Visualize"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Trial of Patty Hearst: An Account - UMKC School of Law The Trial of Patty Hearst: An Account [PAR] Patty Hearst Trial (1976) [PAR] by Douglas O. Linder (2007) [PAR] The security camera of the Sunset District branch of Hibernia Bank in San Francisco showed Patricia Hearst holding an assault rifle as members of the Symbionese Liberation Army carried out the midday robbery. Was the rich heiress, kidnapped two months earlier, acting in fear of her life? Was she brainwashed? Or did she participate in the robbery as a loyal soldier in \"the revolution\"? That was the issue a California jury had to decide in the 1976 trial of Patty Hearst. [PAR] On the evening of February 4, 1974, three armed members of a group calling itself the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) burst into the Berkeley, California apartment shared by Patty Hearst and her fiance, Steven Weed. Hearst, the daughter of Randolph Hearst (managing editor of the San Francisco Examiner) and the granddaughter of the legendary William Randolph Hearst, screamed when the men assaulting Weed with a wine bottle. The SLA members carried Hearst, clothed in a nightgown, out of her apartment and forced her into the trunk of a white car. Hearst's abductors fired a round of bullets as they sped away, followed by a second vehicle. [PAR] The SLA released a communique in which it called the kidnapping the \"serving of an arrest warrant on Patricia Campbell Hearst.\" The communique warned that any attempt to rescue Hearst would result in the prisoner being \"executed.\" The statement ended with the capital letters: \"DEATH TO THE FASCIST INSECT THAT PREYS UPON THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE.\" [PAR] Eight days later, the SLA sent a audiotape to a local radio station, KPFA, tape recording from \"General Field Marshall Cinque\" demanding that Randolph Hearst fund a multi-million dollar food giveaway \"as a good faith gesture.\" \"Cinque\" was actually Donald DeFreeze, who--following his escape from a California prison in March 1973--organized a group of Berkeley area activists that hoped to spur a revolution. The SLA established as its goals closing prisons, ending monogamy, and eliminating \"all other institutions that have made and sustained capitalism.\" The tape included the frightened voice of Patty Hearst. She is heard telling her parents: \"Mom, Dad, I'm okay. I'm with a combat unit with automatic weapons. And these people aren't just a bunch of nuts....I want to get out of here but the only way I'm going to do it is if we do it their way. And I just hope that you'll do what they say, Dad, and do it quickly...\" The package received by the radio station also included a photograph showing Hearst, brandishing a carbine and wearing a beret, in front of the SLA's seven-headed cobra symbol. [PAR] In response to the SLA demands, Randolph Hearst created the People in Need program and donated about $2 million. The food giveaway program was fraught with problems. In some distribution locations, rioting and fraud hampered efforts, On February 22 at a distribution site in West Oakland, rioting led to dozens of injuries and arrests. In a March audiotape released by the SLA, Patty criticized her father's food distribution efforts: \"So far it sounds like you and your advisers managed to turn it into a real disaster.\" [PAR] The public heard the most shocking audiotape from the SLA in April, fifty-nine days after Patty's kidnapping. On the tape, Hearst says: \"I have been given the choice of being released...or joining the forces of the Symbionese Liberation Army and fighting for my freedom and the freedom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Howard Taft | whitehouse.gov William Howard Taft | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] William Howard Taft [PAR] William Howard Taft was elected the 27th President of the United States (1909-1913) and later became the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921-1930), the only person to have served in both of these offices. [PAR] Distinguished jurist, effective administrator, but poor politician, William Howard Taft spent four uncomfortable years in the White House. Large, jovial, conscientious, he was caught in the intense battles between Progressives and conservatives, and got scant credit for the achievements of his administration. [PAR] Born in 1857, the son of a distinguished judge, he graduated from Yale, and returned to Cincinnati to study and practice law. He rose in politics through Republican judiciary appointments, through his own competence and availability, and because, as he once wrote facetiously, he always had his \"plate the right side up when offices were falling.\" [PAR] But Taft much preferred law to politics. He was appointed a Federal circuit judge at 34. He aspired to be a member of the Supreme Court, but his wife, Helen Herron Taft, held other ambitions for him. [PAR] His route to the White House was via administrative posts. President McKinley sent him to the Philippines in 1900 as chief civil administrator. Sympathetic toward the Filipinos, he improved the economy, built roads and schools, and gave the people at least some participation in government. [PAR] President Roosevelt made him Secretary of War, and by 1907 had decided that Taft should be his successor. The Republican Convention nominated him the next year. [PAR] Taft disliked the campaign--\"one of the most uncomfortable four months of my life.\" But he pledged his loyalty to the Roosevelt program, popular in the West, while his brother Charles reassured eastern Republicans. William Jennings Bryan, running on the Democratic ticket for a third time, complained that he was having to oppose two candidates, a western progressive Taft and an eastern conservative Taft. [PAR] Progressives were pleased with Taft's election. \"Roosevelt has cut enough hay,\" they said; \"Taft is the man to put it into the barn.\" Conservatives were delighted to be rid of Roosevelt--the \"mad messiah.\" [PAR] Taft recognized that his techniques would differ from those of his predecessor. Unlike Roosevelt, Taft did not believe in the stretching of Presidential powers. He once commented that Roosevelt \"ought more often to have admitted the legal way of reaching the same ends.\" [PAR] Taft alienated many liberal Republicans who later formed the Progressive Party, by defending the Payne-Aldrich Act which unexpectedly continued high tariff rates. A trade agreement with Canada, which Taft pushed through Congress, would have pleased eastern advocates of a low tariff, but the Canadians rejected it. He further antagonized Progressives by upholding his Secretary of the Interior, accused of failing to carry out Roosevelt's conservation policies. [PAR] In the angry Progressive onslaught against him, little attention was paid to the fact that his administration initiated 80 antitrust suits and that Congress submitted to the states amendments for a Federal income tax and the direct election of Senators. A postal savings system was established, and the Interstate Commerce Commission was directed to set railroad rates. [PAR] In 1912, when the Republicans renominated Taft, Roosevelt bolted the party to lead the Progressives, thus guaranteeing the election of Woodrow Wilson. [PAR] Taft, free of the Presidency, served as Professor of Law at Yale until President Harding made him Chief Justice of the United States, a position he held until just before his death in 1930. To Taft, the appointment was his greatest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mussolini founds the Fascist party - HISTORY.com Mussolini founds the Fascist party - Mar 23, 1919 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Mussolini founds the Fascist party [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Mussolini founds the Fascist party [PAR] Author [PAR] Mussolini founds the Fascist party [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Benito Mussolini, an Italian World War I veteran and publisher of Socialist newspapers, breaks with the Italian Socialists and establishes the nationalist Fasci di Combattimento, named after the Italian peasant revolutionaries, or \u201cFighting Bands,\u201d from the 19th century. Commonly known as the Fascist Party, Mussolini\u2019s new right-wing organization advocated Italian nationalism, had black shirts for uniforms, and launched a program of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents. [PAR] In October 1922, Mussolini led the Fascists on a march on Rome, and King Emmanuel III, who had little faith in Italy\u2019s parliamentary government, asked Mussolini to form a new government. Initially, Mussolini, who was appointed prime minister at the head of a three-member Fascist cabinet, cooperated with the Italian parliament, but aided by his brutal police organization he soon became the effective dictator of Italy. In 1924, a Socialist backlash was suppressed, and in January 1925 a Fascist state was officially proclaimed, with Mussolini as Il Duce, or \u201cThe Leader.\u201d [PAR] Mussolini appealed to Italy\u2019s former Western allies for new treaties, but his brutal 1935 invasion of Ethiopia ended all hope of alliance with the Western democracies. In 1936, Mussolini joined Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in his support of Francisco Franco\u2019s Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, prompting the signing of a treaty of cooperation in foreign policy between Italy and Nazi Germany in 1937. Although Adolf Hitler\u2019s Nazi revolution was modeled after the rise of Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party, Fascist Italy and Il Duce proved overwhelmingly the weaker partner in the Berlin-Rome Axis during World War II. [PAR] In July 1943, the failure of the Italian war effort and the imminent invasion of the Italian mainland by the Allies led to a rebellion within the Fascist Party. Two days after the fall of Palermo on July 24, the Fascist Grand Council rejected the policy dictated by Hitler through Mussolini, and on July 25 Il Duce was arrested. Fascist Marshal Pietro Badoglio took over the reins of the Italian government, and in September Italy surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. Eight days later, German commandos freed Mussolini from his prison in the Abruzzi Mountains, and he was later made the puppet leader of German-controlled northern Italy. With the collapse of Nazi Germany in April 1945, Mussolini was captured by Italian partisans and on April 29 was executed by firing squad with his mistress, Clara Petacci, after a brief court-martial. Their bodies, brought to Milan, were hanged by the feet in a public square for all the world to see. [PAR] More on This Topic[DOC] [TLE] Europe's First Fascist Dictator: Mussolini mussolini [PAR] Europe's First Fascist Dictator: Mussolini [PAR] Jessica Ernst and Jennifer Prizant [PAR] [PAR] As the first modern European fascist dictator, Mussolini and his tactics served as an example for Adolf Hitler, the German leader of the Nazis, and Francisco Franco, the leader of the Fascist Party in the Spanish Civil War, and their fascist inspired regimes. During World War Two, his actions led to the fall of his regime and his becoming Hitler's puppet as the head of the \"Italian Social Republic.\" Also his actions at this time led to the fall of his regime. He brought Italy to a state of poverty and disunity, leading to the formation of a new republic and constitution."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Axl Rose - Famous Singers Axl Rose | Biography, Life, Facts, Family and Songs [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Introduction and Early Life: [PAR] Axl Rose is an American musician, singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and frontman of the heavy rock band Guns N\u2019 Roses. He is widely regarded as one of the most iconic and controversial performers in rock history. [PAR] Born on February 6, 1962 in Lafayette, Indiana to William and Sharon Rose, he had a difficult childhood and his parents divorced when he was only two years old. Rose has openly declared that he was sexually abused by his father and physically abused by his mother\u2019s new husband, Stephen Bailey. He became interested in music from an early age and started singing in church and learning to play piano while still in grade school. [PAR] Rose left home at a young age and moved to Los Angeles in 1982. [PAR] Career and Musical Achievements: [PAR] After coming to Los Angeles, Axl Rose initially sang for a number of bands, including Rapidfire and L.A. Guns, before forming Hollywood Rose with his childhood friend Izzy Stradlin. Rose co-founded Guns N\u2019 Roses in 1985 with his former band mate Tracii Guns by combining Hollywood Rose and L.A. Guns. The band\u2019s lineup at that time consisted of Axl, Tracii Guns, Ole Beich and Duff McKagan. [PAR] Guns N\u2019 Roses underwent a number of line-up changes, and lead guitarist Slash and drummer Steven Adler were eventually recruited in 1985. They played their first concert at the Troubadour club in Hollywood. The band, after establishing a loyal audience by playing regularly on the L.A. club circuit, signed with Geffen Records in 1986. [PAR] Guns N\u2019 Roses released their debut album, Appetite for Destruction, in 1987. The band achieved worldwide fame with the tremendous commercial success of the single \u201cSweet Child O\u2019 Mine\u201d. The album has sold more than 30 million copies to date. The band followed it up with Appetite for Destruction (1987), G N\u2019 R Lies (1988), Use Your Illusion I & Use Your Illusion II (1991), and \u201cThe Spaghetti Incident?\u201d (1993). [PAR] From the early 90s, bitter rivalries began to develop in Guns N\u2019 Roses, but Rose managed to obtain the sole ownership of the band\u2019s name. Consequently, Slash, McKagan and Sorum all decided to leave the band. The long-rumored album, Chinese Democracy, was released in 2008 and Duff McKagan made a surprise appearance during their performance at London\u2019s The O2 Arena in October 2010. [PAR] Awards and Accolades: [PAR] Axl Rose was awarded the Ronnie James Dio Lifetime Achievement Award in 2014. [PAR] Personal Life: [PAR] Axl Rose married Erin Everly, the daughter of singer Don Everly , in 1990. The couple annulled their marriage in 1991. He started dating supermodel Stephanie Seymour and they got engaged for a brief period of time. [PAR] Rose is a controversial rock star whose contentious lyrics and erratic behavior have often provoked public outcry."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts ... Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring | Richard Gere [PAR] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring [PAR] Oct 29th, 2012 [PAR] His mother, Doris Ann (n\u00e9e Tiffany, born 1924), was a homemaker. in 1967, he graduated from North Syracuse Central High School, where he excelled at gymnastics and music, playing the trumpet. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. [PAR] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring [PAR] Apr 16th, 2012 [PAR] Richard Tiffany Gere ( /\u2019???r/ GEER; born August 31, 1949) is an American actor. He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo, which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol. Gere\u2019s mother, Doris Ann (n\u00e9e Tiffany, born 1924), was a homemaker, and his father, Homer George Gere (born 1922), was an insurance agent for the Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company and had originally intended to become a minister. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. [PAR] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring [PAR] Apr 1st, 2012 [PAR] He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo, which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. His first major acting role was in the original London stage version of Grease in 1973. He became a major star that year with the film American Gigolo, followed by the romantic drama An Officer and a Gentleman, which grossed almost $130 million in 1982. His career was somewhat resurrected after the release of both Internal Affairs and Pretty Woman in 1990. [PAR] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring [PAR] Mar 27th, 2012 [PAR] Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gere is a descendant of Mayflower Pilgrims Francis Eaton, John Billington, George Soule, Richard Warren, Degory Priest, William Brewster, and Francis Cooke. Gere is their eldest son and second child. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. [PAR] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring [PAR] Mar 10th, 2012 [PAR] Richard Tiffany Gere ( /\u2019???r/ GEER; born August 31, 1949) is an American actor. Gere is their eldest son and second child. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. Gere\u2019s 2004 ballroom dancing drama Shall We Dance. Gere was raised by Methodist parents; his interest in Buddhism began when he traveled to Nepal in 1978 with the Brazilian painter, Sylvia Martins. [PAR] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring [PAR] Oct 25th, 2011 [PAR] Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gere is a descendant of Mayflower Pilgrims Francis Eaton, John Billington, George Soule, Richard Warren, Degory Priest, William Brewster and Francis Cooke. Gere is their eldest son and second child. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. [PAR] Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GOLF Magazine Interview: Nick Faldo - Peter Kessler \u2013 The ... GOLF Magazine Interview: Nick Faldo - Peter Kessler \u2013 The Voice of Golf [PAR] GOLF Magazine Interview: Nick Faldo [PAR] Posted on: September 28th, 2011 by Peter Kessler No Comments [PAR] Faldo won the Open Championship in 1987. It was his first of three claret jugs and six total major championships. [PAR] By Peter Kessler \u2013 This interview appeared in the August, 2003 issue of GOLF Magazine. [PAR] When Nick Faldo walked the legendary courses where he evidenced his brilliance, his head down in deep concentration, he was criticized for being a cold fish. When he practiced relentlessly on the range, seeking perfection, he was tabbed a selfish loner. When he won with brilliant golf and stunning emotional control, he was told he had no feeling for his fellow man. [PAR] That\u2019s not the Nick Faldo I know, and now that he is 45 and no longer grinding to be number one, the rest of the world is seeing a more relaxed Faldo, too. When I arrived for our interview at the Faldo Golf Institute by Marriott in Orlando, Florida, Nick was happily mugging for the camera and cooperating with the photographer. When I returned home afterward, I found that Nick had called, leaving a message to say thanks and to wish me a happy weekend. Typical Faldo. [PAR] GOLF Magazine: How successfully has the new, funny, affectionate, warm Nick Faldo been playing out? [PAR] NICK FALDO: It\u2019s always been in me. It\u2019s a bit more in evidence lately. I was a serious golfer, obviously, and then the last five or six years I\u2019ve been through serious ups and downs. When I met Valerie [his wife of two years] the transformation began, and I\u2019m still learning to unwind. Our baby is due in August and our life together is incredible. I know what stage I\u2019m at in my career, what my playing capabilities are. I have to let go of the level golfer I was a little but to be happy with what I\u2019ve got. [PAR] GOLF: Is there anything you\u2019re going to do differently this go-around as a husband and father? [PAR] FALDO: Totally. It is a massive and difficult job handling a woman. When they say, \u201cno,\u201d do they really mean no? When they say, \u201cyes,\u201d what kind of yes is it? And when they ask a question, you can\u2019t just answer it. You have to work out in a split second what kind of answer they want. [PAR] I\u2019m getting better at it thanks to a fantastic guy, Kjell Enhager, who has become one of my truest and closest friends. He is a sports and corporate psychologist who has been working with me on the golf course for almost four years. We go off for a session on golf and the first half is really about how to handle the wives. It\u2019s much more complicated and exhausting than the golf. It\u2019s reassuring to see that I\u2019m not the only guy who is lost sometimes about human and marital relationships. The bottom line is that I care for her so much and I just want to make sure I do everything I can to make her happy. [PAR] GOLF: What do you want to try to do differently as a dad? [PAR] FALDO: Well, that has been a tough one. Unfortunately, being a professional golfer is not the best career if you want to spend a lot of time at home with your children. You have to be away from them for what sometimes seems"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madeleine Gurdon - iSnare Free Encyclopedia Madeleine Gurdon - iSnare Free Encyclopedia [PAR] Madeleine Gurdon [PAR] (1962-11-30) 30 November 1962 (age 54) [1] [PAR] Sport [PAR] Madeleine Astrid Gurdon, Baroness Lloyd-Webber, (born 30 November 1962) is an English former equestrian sportswoman, and the third and current wife of musical theatre impresario Andrew Lloyd Webber . [PAR] Early life [PAR] Madeleine \"Gurtie\" Gurdon was born in 1962 to a British Army officer, and his wife, who later retired as a Brigadier . Gurtie was educated at a convent, and [2] was an equestrian competitor for nearly a decade, riding in three-day events in Princess Anne's set. [2] To supplement her riding career, Gurdon designed an exclusive country wear company, featuring leather-and-suede clothing, [2] called The Done Thing, after her favourite dun horse. Gurdon met Lloyd Webber through his Watership Down neighbours, who loved horses. [3] [PAR] Personal life [PAR] Gurdon married Lloyd Webber at his Hampshire home on 9 February 1991. They have three children together; Alastair (born 1992), William (born 1993) and Isabella (born 1996). The family currently resides in London [4] and Hampshire . [5] [PAR] References [PAR] [PAR] ^[DOC] [TLE] Andrew Lloyd Webber says he can never have sex again after ... Andrew Lloyd Webber says he can never have sex again after prostate cancer treatment has left him impotent - Mirror Online [PAR] Celebs [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber says he can never have sex again after prostate cancer treatment has left him impotent [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber has opened up about his battle with prostate cancer \u2013 and revealed the treatment has left him impotent. [PAR] Share [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber and wife Madeleine (pic: Getty)q [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber has opened up about his battle with prostate cancer \u2013 and revealed the treatment has left him impotent. [PAR] His sex drive might have gone AWOL since surgery to remove his prostate, but the three-times married father-of-five has not lost his sense of humour. [PAR] Lord Lloyd-Webber, 63, managed to quip: \u201cI\u2019m a ladies\u2019 man who can never make love. I\u2019m resigned to that.\u201d [PAR] He added: \u201cI regard it as great luck I\u2019m out the other side.\u201d [PAR] Lord Lloyd-Webber said he and his wife Madeleine Gurdon decided against using various sex \u00adstimulants \u2013 including an Austin Powers-style \u201cpenis pump\u201d \u2013 because the contraptions all sounded \u201ctoo gruesome to contemplate\u201d. [PAR] Thirteen months after getting the all-clear from the life-threatening disease, he discusses his diagnosis and recovery with Piers Morgan on his ITV1 series, Life Stories. [PAR] A source said: \u201cIt is an incredible interview, Andrew\u2019s most candid ever. He gets pretty emotional but refuses to shy away from Piers\u2019 questions. Revealing his sex drive was massively reduced, he admits prostate removal has left him unable to make love. Andrew has been told it is unlikely he will ever have sex again. [PAR] \u201cHe actually has a bit of a giggle when he chats about the possible solutions, and laughs off ideas he would resort to Viagra, penis pumps and any other \u00adstimulants. He discusses the whole thing with great humour. But also, in a moment of seriousness, he urges men to get \u00adthemselves regularly checked.\u201d [PAR] Chatting to CNN host Piers at his Mallorcan villa for the programme, Lord Lloyd-Webber admitted he consulted a sex therapist who advised him to try a \u201cpenis pump\u201d. He said: \u201cI did look into the alternative possibilities\u2026 I did go to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Tragedy of Argentina: A Century of Decline - The Economist A century of decline | The Economist [PAR] A century of decline [PAR] One hundred years ago Argentina was the future. What went wrong? [PAR] Feb 15th 2014 [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Yesterday\u2019s news [PAR] WHEN the residents of Buenos Aires want to change the pesos they do not trust into the dollars they do, they go to a cueva, or \u201ccave\u201d, an office that acts as a front for a thriving illegal exchange market. In one cueva near Florida Street, a pedestrian thoroughfare in the centre of the city, piles of pesos from previous transactions lie on a table. A courier is getting ready to carry the notes to safety-deposit boxes. [PAR] This smallish cueva handles transactions worth $50,000-75,000 a day. Fear of inflation and of further depreciation of the peso, which fell by more than 20% in January, will keep demand for dollars high. Few other ways of making money are this good. \u201cModern Argentina does not offer what you could call an institutional career,\u201d says one cueva owner. [PAR] As the couriers carry their bundles around Buenos Aires, they pass grand buildings like the Teatro Col\u00f3n, an opera house that opened in 1908, and the Retiro railway station, completed in 1915. These are emblems of Argentina\u2019s Belle \u00c9poque, the period before the outbreak of the first world war when the country could claim to be the world\u2019s true land of opportunity. In the 43 years leading up to 1914, GDP had grown at an annual rate of 6%, the fastest recorded in the world. The country was a magnet for European immigrants, who flocked to find work on the fertile pampas, where crops and cattle were propelling Argentina\u2019s expansion. In 1914 half of Buenos Aires\u2019s population was foreign-born. [PAR] The country ranked among the ten richest in the world, after the likes of Australia, Britain and the United States, but ahead of France, Germany and Italy. Its income per head was 92% of the average of 16 rich economies. From this vantage point, it looked down its nose at its neighbours: Brazil\u2019s population was less than a quarter as well-off. [PAR] It never got better than this. Although Argentina has had periods of robust growth in the past century\u2014not least during the commodity boom of the past ten years\u2014and its people remain wealthier than most Latin Americans, its standing as one of the world\u2019s most vibrant economies is a distant memory (see chart 1). Its income per head is now 43% of those same 16 rich economies; it trails Chile and Uruguay in its own back yard. [PAR] The political symptoms of decline are also clear. If Argentina appeared to enjoy stability in the pre-war era, its history since then has been marked by a succession of military coups. The first came in 1930; others followed in 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966 and 1976. The election of 1989 marked the first time in more than 60 years that a civilian president had handed power to an elected successor. [PAR] Yesterday\u2019s news [PAR] It is now more than 30 years since the end of military dictatorship, but democracy has not yet led to stability. Argentines reach for the metaphor of the \u201cpendulum\u201d to describe the swings of the past three decades: from loose economic policies in the 1980s to Washington-consensus liberalisation in the 1990s and back again under the presidency of N\u00e9stor Kirchner and now his widow, Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner. But the image of a pendulum does not do justice to the whiplashing of the economy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry Ford - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Henry Ford - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Henry Ford: Early Life & Engineering Career [PAR] Born in 1863, Henry Ford was the first surviving son of William and Mary Ford, who owned a prosperous farm in Dearborn, Michigan . At 16, he left home for the nearby city of Detroit, where he found apprentice work as a machinist. He returned to Dearborn and work on the family farm after three years, but continued to operate and service steam engines and work occasional stints in Detroit factories. In 1888, he married Clara Bryant, who had grown up on a nearby farm. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The mass production techniques Henry Ford championed eventually allowed Ford Motor Company to turn out one Model T every 24 seconds. [PAR] In the first several years of their marriage, Ford supported himself and his new wife by running a sawmill. In 1891, he returned with Clara to Detroit, where he was hired as an engineer for the Edison Illuminating Company. Rising quickly through the ranks, he was promoted to chief engineer two years later. Around the same time, Clara gave birth to the couple\u2019s only son, Edsel Bryant Ford. On call 24 hours a day for his job at Edison, Ford spent his irregular hours on his efforts to build a gasoline-powered horseless carriage, or automobile. In 1896, he completed what he called the \u201cQuadricycle,\u201d which consisted of a light metal frame fitted with four bicycle wheels and powered by a two-cylinder, four-horsepower gasoline engine. [PAR] Henry Ford: Birth of Ford Motor Company and the Model T [PAR] Determined to improve upon his prototype, Ford sold the Quadricycle in order to continue building other vehicles. He received backing from various investors over the next seven years, some of whom formed the Detroit Automobile Company (later the Henry Ford Company) in 1899. His partners, eager to put a passenger car on the market, grew frustrated with Ford\u2019s constant need to improve, and Ford left his namesake company in 1902. (After his departure, it was reorganized as the Cadillac Motor Car Company.) The following year, Ford established the Ford Motor Company. [PAR] A month after the Ford Motor Company was established, the first Ford car\u2014the two-cylinder, eight-horsepower Model A\u2014was assembled at a plant on Mack Avenue in Detroit. At the time, only a few cars were assembled per day, and groups of two or three workers built them by hand from parts that were ordered from other companies. Ford was dedicated to the production of an efficient and reliable automobile that would be affordable for everyone; the result was the Model T , which made its debut in October 1908. [PAR] Henry Ford: Production & Labor Innovations [PAR] The \u201cTin Lizzie,\u201d as the Model T was known, was an immediate success, and Ford soon had more orders than the company could satisfy. As a result, he put into practice techniques of mass production that would revolutionize American industry, including the use of large production plants; standardized, interchangeable parts; and the moving assembly line. Mass production significantly cut down on the time required to produce an automobile, which allowed costs to stay low. In 1914, Ford also increased the daily wage for an eight-hour day for his workers to $5 (up from $2.34 for nine hours), setting a standard for the industry. [PAR] Even as production went up, demand for the Tin Lizzie remained high, and by 1918, half of all cars in America were Model Ts. In 1919, Ford named his son"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | Africa | Graca Machel - profile BBC News | Africa | Graca Machel - profile [PAR] Saturday, July 18, 1998 Published at 23:22 GMT 00:22 UK [PAR] World: Africa [PAR] Graca Machel - profile [PAR] Graca Machel has a long political record [PAR] Although Graca Machel has married one of the world's best known statesmen, at 52 she has a record as a political heavy weight in her own right. [PAR] The widow of the founding president of Mozambique, Samora Machel, she joined the independence struggle, later rising to become a government minister. [PAR] Since the death of her husband in a mysterious plane crash in 1986, she has campaigned vigorously on behalf of the world's children and for human rights. [PAR] At ease in the gaze of the world's media [PAR] Last December she gave her support to a commemorative programme marking the 50th anniversary of the universal declaration of human rights. [PAR] She defined her support as a part of lifetime commitment: \"It is the meaning of what my life has been since a youth - to try to fight for the dignity and the freedom of my own people.\" [PAR] She is at ease on the world stage and, since stories of their romantic involvement was confirmed two years ago, has accompanied Mr Mandela on official visits abroad. [PAR] Nelson Mandela: \"She changed my life\" [PAR] Wedding plans have been a constant line of inquiry for the world's media on these occasions, but Graca Machel had a way of deflecting enquiries with a smile leaving Mr Mandela to comment. [PAR] On a recent visit to Britain he joked: \"It is not something you discuss with journalists.\" [PAR] Now, with marriage apparently sealing Mr Mandela's commitment to retire from South African politics, it may be that Graca Machel takes on the role as the high profile partner."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup | Vanity Fair The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup | Vanity Fair [PAR] The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup [PAR] SIGN UP FOR NEWSLETTER [PAR] The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup [PAR] Maurice and Charles Saatchi sold Margaret Thatcher to Britain and the Concorde to the world; by the mid-1980s their advertising company was the biggest on the planet. Then Charles was eased out, and Maurice was ousted in a boardroom coup. Fiammetta Rocco traces the story behind the brothers\u2019 tempestuous departure, including a $38 million revelation, a battle for revenge, and the birth of the New Saatchi Agency. [PAR] Twitter [PAR] \u2018Make no mistake,\u201d said a Saatchi & Saatchi senior staffer in the wake of recent events which have threatened the company\u2019s future and shaken the entire advertising world, \u201call of this, every single move the company makes, is revenge. Revenge! Revenge! Revenge!\u201d [PAR] This tale of vengeance begins with a man at a window. [PAR] The view from Maurice Saatchi\u2019s old office is surprisingly ordinary. Hardly what you\u2019d expect for the co-founder of an upstart advertising agency that became a vast creative giant, the most famous name in the field. Still, there is something soothing about the sooty skyline of London, and Saatchi needed soothing last December 16, when his board of directors kept him waiting for seven hours in the purgatory of his bright bunker with its white desk and white walls. [PAR] Within days, he would join Elvis, Madonna, Charles and Diana as a British tabloid icon recognizable by only his first name: Maurice Versus the Beancounters. Or Maurice Stages a Talent Raid. But on that December day, there was only the skyline for distraction, the city lights, and the company of his older brother Charles, with whom Maurice has shared a business partnership and a fraternal rivalry that reminds public-relations maestro Sir Tim Bell of Cain and Abel. [PAR] \u201cThe level of rage,\u201d says Bell, \u201cis extraordinary.\u201d [PAR] On that December day, however, Cain and Abel spoke in quiet tones. And what did they discuss? \u201cI don\u2019t know,\u201d Maurice says. \u201cI just remember being there a very long time.\u201d [PAR] Down the hall, the Saatchi board was sequestered behind closed doors. Their topic was ostensibly confidential, though such was the company\u2019s fame that speculation about the outcome of the meeting was splashed over the morning papers. Maurice Saatchi was under siege. For nearly 25 years, he had ruled a company defined by the phrase \u201cNothing is impossible\u201d and an attitude of gunslinging self-assurance so profound that insiders called it \u201cthe virus.\u201d He had stood at the center of his company\u2019s every victory: the momentous occasion when a handful of brazen campaign posters won the undying loyalty of Margaret Thatcher and the Conservatives; the day when Saatchi\u2019s seemingly life-size poster of the Concorde ascending was installed near the Queens Midtown Tunnel in Manhattan; the time in 1986 when the agency\u2019s London share price hit a high of $78 (an increase of more than 10,000 percent on the launch price); the premiere of the hugely successful \u201cTastes Great, Less Filling\u201d campaign for Miller Lite; the opening of the agency\u2019s landmark Manhattan fortress, with its rooftop running track; the 43rd corporate acquisition, when Saatchi became the largest advertising company on the face of the globe. [PAR] That was then. Saatchi & Saatchi\u2019s current offices, at 83\u201389 Whitfield Street in Fitzrovia, a rather drab London neighborhood, now seem emblematic of a frailer spirit. The sixth-floor boardroom is functional, devoid of expensive canvases, representative of a style the Italians call meschino, or \u201cmean.\u201d The table is large, but not imposing."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Salvador Allende's Leftist Regime, 1970-73 - Chilean ... Salvador Allende's Leftist Regime, 1970-73 - Chilean Intelligence Agencies [PAR] FAS | Intelligence | World Agencies | Chile ||||| Index | Search | [PAR] Allende's Leftist Regime [PAR] \"I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a country go communist due to the irresponsibility of its people.\" [PAR] Henry Kissinger [PAR] By the end of the 1960s, the polarization of Chilean politics had overwhelmed the traditional civility of Chile's vaunted democratic institutions. The centrist agreements of the past, which had enabled presidents to navigate a difficult course of compromise and conciliation, became more difficult to attain. The American Central Intelligence Agency had influenced elections in Chile dating back to 1958, but in 1970 the socialist candidate, a physician named Salvador Allende, was elected president. In a reflection of Chile's increased ideological polarization, Allende was elected president with 36.2 percent of the vote in 1970. Unable or unwilling to form coalitions, the left, center, and right had all nominated their own candidates in the mistaken hope of obtaining a majority. [PAR] President Nixon directed CIA to prevent Allende's inauguration through a military coup. One of the opponents of a coup, Army Chief of Staff General Rene Schneider was assassinated, but Allende took office as scheduled. [PAR] The Allende experiment enjoyed a triumphant first year, followed by two disastrous final years. According to the Popular Unity [ Unidad Popular - UP] coalition , Chile was being exploited by parasitic foreign and domestic capitalists. The government therefore moved quickly to socialize the economy, taking over the copper mines, other foreign firms, oligopolistic industries, banks, and large estates. By a unanimous vote of Congress in 1971, the government totally nationalized the foreign copper firms, which were mainly owned by two United States companies, Kennecott and Anaconda. The nationalization measure was one of the few bills Allende ever got through the opposition- controlled legislature, where the Christian Democrats constituted the largest single party. [PAR] Socialization of the means of production spread rapidly and widely. The government took over virtually all the great estates. It turned the lands over to the resident workers, who benefited far more than the owners of tiny plots or the numerous migrant laborers. By 1972 food production had fallen and food imports had risen. Also during 1971-72, the government dusted off emergency legislation from the 1932 Socialist Republic to allow it to expropriate industries without congressional approval. It turned many factories over to management by the workers and the state. [PAR] In his first year, Allende also employed Keynesian measures to hike salaries and wages, thus pumping up the purchasing power of the middle and working classes. This \"consumer revolution\" benefited 95 percent of the population in the short run because prices were held down and employment went up. Producers responded to rising demand by employing previously underused capacity. [PAR] Politically, Allende faced problems holding his Popular Unity coalition together, pacifying the more leftist elements inside and outside Popular Unity and, above all, coping with the increasingly implacable opposition. Within Popular Unity, the largest party was the Socialist Party. Although composed of multiple factions, the Socialist Party mainly pressed Allende to accelerate the transition toward socialism. The second most important element was the PCCh, which favored a more gradual, legalistic approach. Outside the Popular Unity, the most significant left-wing organization was the MIR, a tiny but provocative group that admired the Cuban Revolution and encouraged peasants and workers to take property and the revolutionary process into their own hands, much faster than Allende preferred. [PAR] The most important"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CARLOS LE\u00d3N, Actor, Father of Madonna\u2019s child \u201cLola ... CARLOS LE\u00d3N, Actor, Father of Madonna\u2019s child \u201cLola\u201d. (Born: Havana) *** Carlos Le\u00f3n, Actor, Padre de la hija de Madonna \u201cLola\u201d. (Nacido en La Habana) | The History, Culture and Legacy of the People of Cuba [PAR] CARLOS LE\u00d3N, Actor, Father of Madonna\u2019s child \u201cLola\u201d. (Born: Havana) *** Carlos Le\u00f3n, Actor, Padre de la hija de Madonna \u201cLola\u201d. (Nacido en La Habana) [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by admin [PAR] Carlos Le\u00f3n, actor, father of Madonna\u2019s Child \u201cLola\u201d. VIDEO. [PAR] Carlos Le\u00f3n was born on July 10, 1966 in La Habana, Cuba. He has been a resident of New York for quiet a few years. Former celebrity as a personal trainer of the star Madonna whom the Queen of Pop met while jogging in Central Park in New York. [PAR] The actor had a passionate affair with Madonna in the 1990s which resulted in their daughter Lourdes, 14, who he says is the love of his life. Carlos Leon a Cuban who lives in the United States. [PAR] Although their relationship did not last, Carlos said in an interview: \u2018I\u2019m forever grateful to [Madonna]\u2019. [PAR] Leon and Madonna were together in the mid-1990s and split in 1997, after the October 1996 birth of Lourdes. [PAR] Father with Madonna of Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon (Lourdes Leon), born 14 October 1996. Lourdes comes from the Marian shrine in France which Madonna\u2019s mother was very devout and Mary by the name of the mother of his dad. [PAR] Carlos Le\u00f3n has turned to be an accomplished actor. Has also appeared on- and off-Broadway, including \u201cAunt Dan and Lemon\u201d. As of Summer, 2006 he can be seen nightly on Broadway in the Roundabout Theatre Company\u2019s production of \u201cThe Three Penny Opera\u201d opposite Alan Cumming, Jim Dale, Ana Gasteyer, Cyndi Lauper and Nellie McKay. [April 2006] [PAR] Lourdes \u201cLola\u201d as is known clearly bears no ill will towards the 47-year-old personal trainer. The 16-year-old was seen attending Carlos\u2019 wedding to Zac Posen designer Betina Holte in Denmark. [PAR] After Madonna. [PAR] All in the family! Madonna may have split from her ex Carlos Leon more than 15 years ago, but she met him for dinner with their daughter Lourdes just this week. [PAR] The trio reunited in New York City on Thursday, June 19, dining at Manhattan\u2019s trendy downtown lounge and restaurant, Beauty & Essex. Madonna, 56, arrived in a NYC-chic look, an onlooker tells Us, wearing a black top, black pants, and horn-rimmed glasses. An observer tells Us that the modern family \u201clooked like they were having a great time,\u201d and spent the evening \u201claughing, joking, and enjoying each other\u2019s company.\u201d During their Beauty & Essex feast, the trio dined on basil pesto ravioli, the restaurant\u2019s take on a New York pretzel, salt & vinegar fries, kale and apple salad, and a crispy eggplant pizzetta. [PAR] \u201cLola\u201d and Carlos. [PAR] Carlos and Lourdes have a famously close relationship, with Carlos calling her the love of his life [PAR] \u2018I have no regrets. I wouldn\u2019t change anything. I got the best thing out of that relationship, and that\u2019s my daughter. My daughter is everything to me\u2019, he added. [PAR] Carlos and Madonna\u2019s eldest child Lourdes, 17, graduated from LaGuardia High School few months ago. [PAR] Speaking to People magazine, he admitted that he finds it difficult to be strict with his daughter. [PAR] \u2018I\u2019m a lenient dad. I\u2019m very empathetic, and I\u2019m good at listening to my daughter. I\u2019m probably a bad dad when it comes to disciplining her\u2019, Carlos shared. [PAR] Rebellious, attractive and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean Bertrand Aristide Profession - Featured Net Worth List Jean Bertrand Aristide Profession - Jean Bertrand Aristide Net Worth [PAR] Jean Bertrand Aristide Profession [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Jean Bertrand Aristide [PAR] Jean Bertrand Aristide Net Worth is $800 Million. Jean Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian politician with a net worth of $800 million. Jean Bertrand Aristide built his net worth in politics and as the President of Haiti. He was born in Port-Salut, Hait. Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born... [PAR] Jean Bertrand Aristide Net Worth is $800 Million. [PAR] Jean Bertrand Aristide Net Worth is $800 Million. Jean Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian politician with a net worth of $800 million. Jean Bertrand Aristide built his net worth in politics and as the President of Haiti. He was born in Port-Salut, Hait Jean-Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian former Catholic priest and politician who served as Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies. He became a focal point for the pro-democracy movement first under Jean-Claude \"Baby Doc\" Duvalier and then under the military transition regime which followed. He won the Haitian general election, 1990-1991 with 67% of the vote and was briefly President of Haiti, until a September 1991 military coup. The coup regime collapsed in 1994 under US pressure and threat of force after Aristide agreed to roll back several reforms. Aristide was then President again from 1994 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2004. [PAR] Aristide was unexpectedly ousted in a 29 February 2004 coup d''etat, in which former soldiers participated. He accused the United States of orchestrating the coup d''etat against him ..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frank Sinatra\u2019s last wife: he showered 12x/day, romanced ... Cele|bitchy | Frank Sinatra\u2019s last wife: he showered 12x/day, romanced her away from her husband [PAR] Frank Sinatra\u2019s last wife: he showered 12x/day, romanced her away from her husband [PAR] Books , Frank Sinatra , Photos [PAR] You may have heard this news yesterday, but I couldn\u2019t resist commenting on it. Frank Sinatra\u2019s last ex wife, Barbara Sinatra, has a new memoir out in which she writes of her 22 year marriage to Old Blue Eyes, ending when he passed away in 1998 at the age of 82. Barbara is now 84 and is ready to reveal what it was like to be married to the famous crooner. While she remembers plenty of romantic moments it wasn\u2019t always easy going. Frank would sometimes drink gin and she said she avoided him then, but she didn\u2019t get into the details too much. I saw an interview with Barbara on ABC News (below) and I found her story really fascinating. It\u2019s clear that she loved Frank up until the end, and that she misses him terrible. ABC reports that her memoir doesn\u2019t have any details of Frank\u2019s troubled relationship with his daughters at all, and that she steered clear of that topic. [PAR] Frank Sinatra had an interesting quirk that he managed to keep hidden from the public for his entire life: He was obsessed with being clean. [PAR] \u201cHe was a guy who took about 12 showers a day,\u201d his widow, Barbara Sinatra, said in an interview with ABC News. [PAR] The singer, who died in 1998 at age 82 following a heart attack, was \u201cneat\u201d and \u201calways smelled like lavender,\u201d she added. [PAR] Barbara, his fourth and last wife, is promoting her new memoir titled, \u201cLady Blue Eyes: My Life with Frank,\u201d which delves into the couple\u2019s romantic, but oftentimes difficult, 22-year marriage\u2026. [PAR] \u201cHe made me feel special,\u201d she told ABC, adding that \u201che would think of every little thing to make it romantic.\u201d [PAR] But alcohol often affected the nature of their relationship. [PAR] \u201cI didn\u2019t want to be around him if he drank gin,\u201d Barbara admitted. \u201cGin, I think, made him mean. So when I\u2019d come out of my room and see the gin bottle on the bar, I\u2019d turn right around, go back in my room, lock the door, because I didn\u2019t want to deal with it.\u201d [PAR] Still, when Frank was on what would turn out to be his deathbed, she was convinced they would still be together for years to come. [PAR] \u201cI kept saying, \u2018You\u2019ve beaten tougher things than this. I think you can beat this, too,\u2019 \u201d she recounted. \u201cHe just looked up at me and he said, \u2018I can\u2019t.\u2019 That was it.\u201d [PAR] [From NY Daily News ] [PAR] Showering 12 times a day sounds like an obsessive compulsive disorder to be sure. Twice a day is understandable, but anything more than that is excessive. I wonder how else Frank\u2019s obsessiveness came though and if he had any other bizarre repetitive behavior. [PAR] In an excerpt of Barbara\u2019s memoir posted on ABC News, Barbara details how Frank, her then-neighbor, wooed her away from her husband of 12 years, who had been cheating on her anyway. [PAR] Having been nothing but courteous for months, Frank first came looking for it my way at a gin rummy party he hosted at his house across the fairway from ours in Palm Springs, California. My husband, Zeppo, sat a few feet away, oblivious to the drama that was about to unfold. Our twelve-year marriage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Idi Amin - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Idi Amin - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In 1971, General Idi Amin overthrew the elected government of Milton Obote and declared himself president of Uganda, launching a ruthless eight-year regime in which an estimated 300,000 civilians were massacred. His expulsion of all Indian and Pakistani citizens in 1972\u2014along with increasing military expenditures\u2014brought about the country\u2019s economic decline, the impact of which lasted decades. In 1979 his reign of terror came to an end as Ugandan exiles and Tanzanians took control of the capital of Kampala, forcing Amin to flee. Never brought to justice for his heinous crimes, Amin lived out the remainder of his life in Saudi Arabia. [PAR] \u2039 \u203a [PAR] Google [PAR] Idi Amin: Early Life and Military Career [PAR] Idi Amin Dada was born c. 1925 in Koboko, in northwestern Uganda, to a Kakwa father and Lugbara mother, who separated shortly afterwards. In 1946, after receiving only a rudimentary education, Amin joined the King\u2019s African Rifles (KAR), a regiment of the British colonial army, and quickly rose through the ranks. He was deployed to Somalia in 1949 to fight the Shifta rebels and later fought with the British during the suppression of the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya (1952-56). In 1959 he attained the rank of effendi\u2014the highest position for a black African soldier within the KAR\u2014and, by 1966, he had been appointed commander of the armed forces. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] During his time in the army, Amin became the light heavyweight boxing champion of Uganda, a title he held for nine years between 1951 and 1960. [PAR] Amin Commandeers Control of Uganda\u2019s Government [PAR] After more than 70 years under British rule, Uganda gained its independence on October 9, 1962, and Milton Obote became the nation\u2019s first prime minister. By 1964, Obote had forged an alliance with Amin, who helped expand the size and power of the Ugandan Army. In February 1966, following accusations that the pair was responsible for smuggling gold and ivory from Congo that were subsequently traded for arms, Obote suspended the constitution and proclaimed himself executive president. Shortly thereafter, Obote sent Amin to dethrone King Mutesa II, also known as \u201cKing Freddie,\u201d who ruled the powerful kingdom of Buganda in south-central Uganda. [PAR] A few years and two failed\u2014but unidentified\u2014assassination attempts later, Obote began to question Amin\u2019s loyalty and ordered his arrest while en route to Singapore for a Commonwealth Heads of Government Conference. During his absence, Amin took the offensive and staged a coup on January 25, 1971, seizing control of the government and forcing Obote into exile. [PAR] Amin\u2019s Regime of Terror [PAR] Once in power, Amin began mass executions upon the Acholi and Lango, Christian tribes that had been loyal to Obote and therefore perceived as a threat. He also began terrorizing the general public through the various internal security forces he organized, such as the State Research Bureau (SRB) and Public Safety Unity (PSU), whose main purpose was to eliminate those who opposed his regime. [PAR] In 1972, Amin expelled Uganda\u2019s Asian population, which numbered between 50,000 and 70,000, resulting in a collapse of the economy as manufacturing, agriculture and commerce came to a screeching halt without the appropriate resources to support them. [PAR] When the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijacked an Air France flight from Israel to Paris on June 27, 1976, Idi Amin welcomed the terrorists and supplied them with troops and weapons, but was humiliated when Israeli commandos subsequently rescued the hostages"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Assad re-elected in wartime election - Al Jazeera English | Middle East [PAR] The European Union condemned the vote as illegitimate [AFP] [PAR] Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has won a landslide victory in presidential poll securing 88.7 percent of the vote, parliament speaker Mohammad al-Laham has said. [PAR] The two other candidates, Hassan al-Nouri and Maher Hajjar, won 4.3 percent and 3.2 percent respectively. [PAR] The victory gives Assad a third seven-year term in office despite a raging civil war which grew out of protests against his rule. [PAR] The head of the Supreme Constitutional Court said on Wednesday that the turnout in the country's presidential election this week was 73.42 percent. [PAR] Live Box 2012108933861442 [PAR] \"I declare the victory of Dr Bashar Hafez al-Assad as president of the Syrian Arab Republic with an absolute majority of the votes cast in the election,\" Laham said in a televised address from his office in the Syrian parliament. [PAR] The opposition and its international backers have denounced the election as a farce, saying the two relatively unknown and state-approved challengers offered no real alternative to Assad. [PAR] Voting was held only in government-controlled areas, excluding vast chunks of northern and eastern Syria that are in rebel hands. [PAR] 'Committed allies' [PAR] Fawas Gerges, a Middle East expert based in London, called the election win a \"culmination of Assad's accumulated victories\" since his opponents took up weapons against his regime in 2011. [PAR] \"The opposition does not seem to be able to genuinely change the balance of power on the ground,\" he told Al Jazeera. [PAR] \"The opposition's allies - the US and others - have not been as solid and committed as Assad's allies. Assad's allies - Iran, Russia, Hezbollah - have fought tooth and nail to keep Assad in place.\"[DOC] [TLE] Hafez al-Assad | Jewish Virtual Library Hafez al-Assad | Jewish Virtual Library [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Hafez al-Assad was born in Kurdaha near Lattakia, Syria , on October 6, 1930. He obtained his High School degree in Lattakia in early forties. He showed interest in public issues during that period which witnessed the Second World War. He participated in demonstrations against the French Occupation as well as in political activities to attain independence, which was achieved on April 17th, 1946. [PAR] He was elected to the Students Committee in Lattakia and chaired the first Students Conference in Syria. At that time, as Chairman of the Committee, he led the student's movement under the banner of Al Baath Arab Socialist Party. Liberation from colonialism, Palestinian cause and other national issues were the prominent issues of his concern in late forties and early fifties. [PAR] He formally enrolled in the Baath Arab Socialist Party in 1946, and struggled under its banner against the old political forces. He joined the Military Academy in 1952 where he chose the Air force Academy from which he graduated Air force Lieutenant Pilot in early 1955. On graduating he was champion in Aerobatics. [PAR] He attended many military courses; the most important was in the former Soviet Union, as Fighter Pilot and Night & Day Fighting Pilot. He passed a course of Squadron Leader with Excellent degree in 1959. He also had excellent degree in a course of Air force Staff Officer in 1964. [PAR] He was excluded from the Armed Forces on the 2nd of December 1961 and transferred to a civil job after cessation from Egypt on September 28, 1961, due to his national stand against that separation. He was a main leader of the underground military committee (five members) that led the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LAST CZAR BURIED - TALE OF 2 RUSSIAS - NYTimes.com LAST CZAR BURIED: TALE OF 2 RUSSIAS - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] World |LAST CZAR BURIED: TALE OF 2 RUSSIAS [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The Russians buried Czar Nicholas II today in true imperial fashion, beneath a ceiling of cherubim peeking from clouds, in a cathedral of mountainous oak and linden carvings sheathed in gold, among the white marble tombs of the czars who bestrode his empire for three centuries. [PAR] And they buried him in the style of modern Russia, too: under imitation marble markers because there is no money for genuine stone; in a cathedral plundered by revolutionaries decades ago and half-restored today; at the center of enduring conflicts over whether the nation was venerating a monarch, a tyrant or even a fraud. [PAR] President Boris N. Yeltsin had planned the ceremony in the hope that it would bury those conflicts too, and reunite the present with a past that its old Soviet rulers had suppressed and rewritten for 75 years. By its end, he had scored a personal triumph with a brief but powerful speech about reconciliation in a Russia forever split into ''us and them'' -- czars and peasants, Communists and workers, haves and have-nots. But his ultimate goal seemed still out of reach. [PAR] The two Russias briefly came together inside a thick-walled fortress on the bank of the Neva River here, where the remains of Nicholas, most of his family and four of his servants were lowered into a single white crypt in SS. Peter and Paul Cathedral. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] It was 80 years to the day since the imperial family and its retinue had been shot, doused with acid and dumped into a pit on a Ural Mountains road on the personal order of Lenin, the Communist leader who had seized the Czar's kingdom. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The town where they died -- Yekaterinburg, named after Nicholas's ancestor Catherine I -- was renamed Sverdlovsk, after Yakov M. Sverdlov, the Bolshevik who signed the telegram ordering the deaths. The whereabouts of the bodies was tantamount to a state secret until the Soviet Union collapsed and Mr. Yeltsin ordered them exhumed in 1991. [PAR] Today's somber service laid to rest all but two of the executed Romanovs, the Czar's heir, Alexei, and a daughter, Marie. Their bodies are believed to have been burned and buried near their parents, but have not been found. [PAR] Mr. Yeltsin was first among 400 dignitaries and members of the Romanov family, the imperial dynasty that ended with Nicholas, who watched silently from among the tombs of past czars and czarinas during the 90-minute service. [PAR] Beneath enormous chandeliers in the brick-and-stone church, a choir sang as Russian Orthodox priests, robed in gold, waved censers of burning incense over the oak coffins topped with crosses, which were arranged on a pedestal in the building's center. [PAR] Then, one by one, the undersized coffins were carried into an adjacent room and stacked in the freshly dug vault -- the remains of the servants on the bottom, then the family, and finally the Czar himself atop them. [PAR] They were nine in all: Alouzy Tropp, the Czar's valet; Eugene Botkin, the royal physician; Ivan Kharitonov, a cook; Anna Demidova, a lady-in-waiting; then three of the Czar's four daughters -- Anastasia, Olga and Tatiana -- and Czar Nicholas and his wife, Alexandra. The final two coffins were draped in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British prime ministers of the 20th century - Britain Magazine Britain Magazine | The official magazine of Visit Britain | Best of British History, Royal Family,Travel and Culture - British prime ministers of the 20th century [PAR] Latest issue [PAR] British prime ministers of the 20th century [PAR] Do you know who presided over the setting up of the National Health Service, or who served the shortest time as leader? Read our timeline of British prime ministers of the 20th century for all the answers. [PAR] Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury [PAR] Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury [PAR] Conservative 1895 to 1902 [PAR] Salisbury was the last peer to serve as PM (this was his third tenure), with the brief exception of Douglas Home (below) who renounced his peerage within a few days of being appointed. [PAR] Arthur James Balfour [PAR] Conservative 1902 to 1905 [PAR] Balfour was the nephew of the Marquess of Salisbury but his cabinet was divided on the issue of free trade and without the support of Edward VII he was forced to resign in December 1905. [PAR] Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman [PAR] Liberal 1905 to 1908 [PAR] Following Arthur James Balfour\u2019s resignation, Edward VII invited the leader of the next largest party, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, to form a government. He was the first leader to officially use the title of \u2018Prime Minister\u2019. [PAR] Herbert Henry Asquith [PAR] Liberal 1908 to 1916 [PAR] Asquith is the only Prime Minister to have taken office on foreign soil. At the time that he succeeded Campbell-Bannerman, Edward VII was in Biarritz so Asquith travelled there for the official \u2018kissing-hands\u2019 ceremony. [PAR] David Lloyd George in 1916 [PAR] David Lloyd George [PAR] Liberal 1916 to 1922 [PAR] One of the 20th centuries most radical thinkers, Lloyd George was the first and only Welshman to hold the position of prime minister, introducing state pensions and waging a war on poverty. [PAR] Andrew Bonar Law [PAR] Conservative 1922 to 1923 [PAR] Law was prime minister for just 209 days. He retired due to ill health in May 1923 and died of throat cancer six months later. [PAR] Stanley Baldwin [PAR] Conservative 1923 to 1924 [PAR] Baldwin took over as prime minister after Bonar Law retired but he was soon ousted from his first term, albeit temporarily. [PAR] James Ramsey MacDonald [PAR] Labour 1924 to 1924 [PAR] In 1924 Ramsey MacDonald was asked by King George V to form a government when Stanley Baldwin\u2019s Conservative majority proved ungovernable, and his was the first Labour government. [PAR] Stanley Baldwin [PAR] Conservative 1924 to 1929 [PAR] In his second tenure as prime minister Baldwin extended the right to vote to women over 21. [PAR] James Ramsey MacDonald [PAR] Labour 1929 to 1935 [PAR] In his second minority government in 1929, MacDonald appointed Margaret Bondfield as the first female cabinet minister, but forming a cross-party government proved his downfall. [PAR] Stanley Baldwin [PAR] Conservative 1935 to 1937 [PAR] By taking office as prime minister for the third time Baldwin remarkably served under three monarchs. [PAR] Neville Chamberlain [PAR] Conservative 1937 to 1940 [PAR] Chamberlain famously declared \u201cI believe it is peace for our time\u201d following a meeting in 1938 with Adolf Hitler. [PAR] Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] Conservative 1940 to 1945 [PAR] Following Chamberlain\u2019s resignation in 1940, Churchill succeeded him as prime minister of an all-party coalition government. [PAR] Clement Attlee [PAR] Labour 1945 to 1951 [PAR] Taking over from Churchill at the end of the war, Attlee is perhaps best remembered for setting up the National Health Service. [PAR] Winston Churchill gives"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Europe | Yves Saint Laurent shuts its doors BBC NEWS | Europe | Yves Saint Laurent shuts its doors [PAR] Thursday, 31 October, 2002, 20:33 GMT [PAR] Yves Saint Laurent shuts its doors [PAR] The haute couture house opened in 1961 [PAR] One of France's most prestigious haute couture fashion houses, Yves Saint Laurent, has finally closed its doors following the retirement of its famous designer and co-founder. [PAR] Paying tribute to staff and colleagues, Mr Saint Laurent said the closure marked \"the end of a long love affair\". [PAR] I am very sad to put an end to a love affair that has lasted for 40 years [PAR] Yves Saint Laurent [PAR] The reclusive 66-year-old, who spent more than four decades producing designer clothing for the rich and famous, has been battling poor health for many years. [PAR] His retirement - announced at his last fashion show in January - marks the end of an era for Parisian style. [PAR] Although the brand itself will continue, Mr Saint Laurent himself lamented that he \"was the last of the fashion Mohicans\". [PAR] 'Tremendous sadness' [PAR] \"I'm feeling a tremendous sadness at the idea that I will no longer see these marvellous and enormously talented people, who brought all my ideas to life with their vast know-how,\" Mr Saint Laurent said of his employees. [PAR] \"I am very sad to put an end to a love affair that has lasted for 40 years,\" he said. [PAR] Of his 158 staff, some have found jobs with rival houses Jean-Paul Gaultier, Azzedine Alaia, and Chanel, while others have followed Mr Laurent into retirement or are still looking for work elsewhere. [PAR] Yves Saint Laurent specialised in garments for the rich and famous [PAR] Although the haute couture workshops are now closed, the Yves Saint Laurent name will continue in the pret-a-porter range owned by Gucci, which is due to open 47 new stores in 2004. [PAR] The Yves Saint Laurent couture house started in 1961, with groundbreaking designs which won a loyal clientele among the rich and famous, including Bianca Jagger and Lauren Bacall. [PAR] They and other celebrities were at his last show in January - a star-studded event that also counted admiring rivals and former supermodels Claudia Schiffer, Naomi Campbell, Jerry Hall and Carla Bruni. [PAR] Life of fashion [PAR] Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent was born in Algeria in 1936, at a time when the North African country was still under French rule. [PAR] A shy, lonely child, he became interested in clothes at an early age and was discovered by the fashion magazine Vogue when he was just 17. [PAR] He went to work for the designer Christian Dior in 1954, taking over from him when Mr Dior died three years later. [PAR] The name will live on under Gucci [PAR] After returning from a short stint of military service in Algeria, he decided to open his own fashion house together with Pierre Berge. [PAR] It was then that he began to create the imaginative and innovative clothes that became his trademark. [PAR] His feminisation of the male trouser suit and tuxedo saw him credited as the man who \"empowered women\". [PAR] His designs, which were often influenced by the work of painters like Picasso and Mondrian, became works of art in themselves. [PAR] In 1983 the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York devoted an entire show to his clothing. [PAR] The last item made by the designer was a black wool jacket with gold embroidery - an updated version of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union - Nov 12 ... Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union - Nov 12, 1982 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union [PAR] Author [PAR] Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Following the death of long-time Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev two days earlier, Yuri Andropov is selected as the new general secretary of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. It was the culmination of a long, but steady march up the Communist Party hierarchy for Andropov.Born in Russia in 1914, by the 1930s Andropov was an active participant in the Communist Youth League. During World War II, he led a group of guerilla fighters who operated behind Nazi lines. His work led to various positions in Moscow, and in 1954, he was named as Soviet ambassador to Hungary. During the Hungarian crisis of 1956, Andropov proved his reliability. He lied to Hungarian Prime Minister Imre Nagy about Soviet military intentions, and later assured Nagy that he was safe from Soviet reprisals. Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest in November 1956 and Nagy was captured and executed in 1958.Andropov\u2019s work in Hungary brought him back to Moscow, where he continued to rise through the ranks of the Communist Party. In 1967, he was named head of the KGB, Russia\u2019s secret police force. A hard-liner, he supported the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia and oversaw the crackdown on dissidents such as Andrei Sakharov and Aleksandr Solzhenitzyn. In 1982, with Brezhnev deathly ill and fading fast, Andropov left the KGB and began jockeying for power. When Brezhnev died on November 10, 1982, Andropov was poised to assume power. He was named general secretary on November 12.His rule was short-lived, but eventful. At home, he tried to reinvigorate the flagging Russian economy and attacked corruption and rising alcoholism among the Soviet people. In his foreign policy, Andropov faced off against the adamantly anticommunist diplomacy of President Ronald Reagan. Relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were severely strained when Soviet pilots shot down a Korean airliner in September 1983. Later that year, Soviet diplomats broke off negotiations concerning reductions in Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces and the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START). Andropov had suffered from nearly debilitating illnesses since early 1983, and died on February 9, 1984. He was succeeded by Konstantin Chernenko . [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna's Daughter Lourdes Is The Spitting Image Of Her ... Madonna's Daughter Lourdes Is The Spitting Image Of Her Mum As She Stars In 'Grease' High School Production (PICTURES) | The Huffington Post [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] ENTERTAINMENT [PAR] Madonna's Daughter Lourdes Is The Spitting Image Of Her Mum As She Stars In 'Grease' High School Production (PICTURES) [PAR] 11/12/2013 13:38 | Updated 23 January 2014 [PAR] Looks like Madonna 's daughter Lourdes Leon is a chip off the old block. [PAR] The 17-year-old showed off her performance skills as she starred in her high school's production of 'Grease' on Sunday. [PAR] Lourdes took on the role of Rizzo - played by Stockard Channing in the 1978 movie - and looked the spitting image of her famous mother, belting out songs such as 'Look At Me, I'm Sandra Dee' and 'There Are Worse Things I Could Do'. [PAR] Madonna's daughter Lourdes [PAR] Madonna was in the audience to support her daughter on Sunday night, along with her other children Rocco, David and Mercy. [PAR] In a programme for the show, Lourdes also paid tribute to her mother. [PAR] \"[Lourdes] would like to thank her parents with all of her heart for giving her guidance and love and supporting her passions wholeheartedly,\" it reportedly read. [PAR] Lourdes took in the role of Rizzo [PAR] Lourdes also proved to be a hit with the critics, with one from the New York Daily News writing: \u201c[Lourdes] had the comic chops and confidence on stage. She delivered Rizzo\u2019s zingers with hands on her hips and a lot of attitude.\u201d [PAR] The sold-out run of 'Grease' continues until 15 December at LaGuardia High. [PAR] Celeb Mums And Daughters[DOC] [TLE] Madonna - Biography - IMDb Madonna - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 291 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (198) | Personal Quotes (74) | Salary (6) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 4\u00bd\" (1.64 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The remarkable, hyper-ambitious Material Girl who never stops reinventing herself, Madonna is a seven-time Grammy Award-winner who has sold over three hundred million records and CDs to adoring fans worldwide. Her film career, however, is another story. Her performances have consistently drawn scathing or laughable reviews from film critics, and the films have usually had tepid, if any, success at the box office. Born Madonna Louise Ciccone in August 1958 in Bay City, Michigan, she is the daughter of Madonna Louise Fortin and Silvio Ciccone , an engineer designer for car companies. Her father was of Italian descent (from a family from Pacentro) and her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. She moved to New York in 1978 and studied with renowned choreographer Alvin Ailey , joined up with the Patrick Hernandez Revue, formed a pop/dance band called \"Breakfast Club\" and began working with then-boyfriend Stephen Bray on recording several disco-oriented songs. New York producer/D.J. Mark Kamins passed her demo tapes to Sire Records in early 1982 and the rest is history. The 1980s was Madonna's boom decade, and she dominated the music charts with a succession of multimillion-selling albums, and her musical and fashion influence on young women was felt around the globe. Madonna first appeared on screen in two low-budget films marketed to an adolescent audience: A Certain Sacrifice (1985) and Vision Quest (1985). However, she scored a minor cult hit with Desperately Seeking Susan (1985) starring alongside spunky Rosanna Arquette . Madonna's next effort with then husband Sean Penn , Shanghai Surprise (1986), was savaged by critics,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hussein, King Who Took Risks, Dies at 63 - nytimes.com Death of a King; Cautious King Took Risks In Straddling Two Worlds [PAR] Death of a King; Cautious King Took Risks In Straddling Two Worlds [PAR] By JUDITH MILLER [PAR] King Hussein of Jordan, who died yesterday at 63, successfully straddled two worlds in more than four tumultuous decades on the throne. [PAR] Cautious by instinct and habit, King Hussein took pride in his Western impulses and his Arab roots, though he acknowledged that the combination sometimes produced policies that even admirers criticized as erratic and conflicting. [PAR] He was the Middle East's longest-reigning ruler, but took little comfort from mere survival. Though he once said he yearned for a ''hero's death'' like that of Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli enemy he ultimately embraced as his ''brother'' and ''partner in peace,'' King Hussein succumbed not to the fanatic's bullet but to cancer, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, which he had suffered for eight months. [PAR] His twin legacies -- peace with his neighbors, including Israel, and a fairly tolerant, stable society at home -- would be impressive in any context. But they are particularly so given the often violent politics of the Middle East and the unpromising country whose stewardship he inherited while still a teen-ager. [PAR] Personally courageous, modest and unfailingly polite, King Hussein was known for his political tolerance, pardoning even those who had tried to kill him. Though he had made war against Israel in 1967, he was the only Arab leader secure enough to kneel before Israeli families who had lost children in a terrorist attack on his soil in 1997, offering his condolences. [PAR] King Hussein spent the final months of his life working relentlessly for peace and a succession that he hoped would insure both his immediate family's control of the throne and political stability in Jordan. Less than two weeks before his death, he stunned the world by bypassing his younger brother, Prince Hassan, 51, and designating his eldest son, 37-year-old Abdullah, as heir to the throne. [PAR] In a long, bitter letter to his brother explaining his decision and publicizing a deep family rift, King Hussein assailed Prince Hassan's performance as Regent, saying his brother's palace supporters -- climbers, he called them -- had tried to ''destroy Jordan'' by spreading vicious gossip about his wife and children and working to divide and politicize the army. The King also suggested that Prince Hassan, his appointed heir for 34 years, had opposed Hussein's wish that his own sons succeed his brother as King. [PAR] King Hussein said the family discord had given him many sleepless nights and prompted him to intervene ''from my sickbed'' at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota to end the intrigues and political jockeying for power. But he complimented Prince Hassan for his ''sincere efforts'' and his loyal acceptance of his demotion. [PAR] The decision not only took Jordan and the United States by surprise, but it also demonstrated that King Hussein, though ailing and in pain, remained the undisputed ruler of his kingdom until the last days of his life. [PAR] The King's Last Grasp At a Middle East Peace [PAR] Apart from settling the succession, King Hussein's last efforts were aimed at advancing peace between the Arabs and Israel, a goal that had eluded two generations of his Hashemite family. [PAR] Drawn and pale, and made bald by four rounds of chemotherapy, he had left the Mayo Clinic last October to attend the Wye summit talks in Maryland and help President Clinton coax Israeli and Palestinian negotiators into concluding the next"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prince Albert of Monaco Fast Facts - CNN.com Prince Albert of Monaco Fast Facts - CNN.com [PAR] Prince Albert of Monaco Fast Facts [PAR] CNN Library [PAR] Updated 1:51 PM ET, Fri February 26, 2016 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Prince Albert II of Monaco visits the International Monaco Yacht Show on September 24, 2010 at Port Hercules in the principalty of Monaco. A selection of 100 exceptional super and mega-yachts from 25 to over 90 m long is presented until September 25, 2010. AFP PHOTO VALERY HACHE (Photo credit should read VALERY HACHE/AFP/Getty Images) [PAR] (CNN) [PAR] Here's a look at the life of His Serene Highness, Prince Albert II . He was formally invested as Monaco's ruler on July 12, 2005, following the death of his father, Prince Rainier. [PAR] Personal: [PAR] Birth date: March 14, 1958 [PAR] Birth place: Monte Carlo, Monaco [PAR] Birth name: Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi, His Serene Highness, the Hereditary Prince of Monaco, Marquis of Baux [PAR] Father: Prince Rainier III [PAR] Mother: Princess Grace, formerly the actress Grace Kelly [PAR] Marriage: Charlene Wittstock (July 1, 2011-present) [PAR] Children: with Charlene Wittstock: Princess Gabriella Therese Marie and Prince Jacques Honore Rainier, December 10, 2014; with Nicole Coste: Eric Alexandre Stephane , August 24, 2003; with Tamara Rotolo: Jazmin Grace Rotolo, March 1992. [PAR] Education: Amherst College, BA, 1981 [PAR] Military service: French Navy [PAR] Other Facts: [PAR] He is interested in environmental issues, alternative energy and hybrid vehicles. Some buses in Monaco run on rapeseed oil. [PAR] An avid athlete, he has competed in five Winter Olympics (1988, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002) in the sport of bobsledding but has not won any medals. [PAR] He has been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 1985. [PAR] His two oldest children are not in line for the throne, because they were born out of wedlock. [PAR] Timeline: [PAR] March 31, 2005 - Monaco's Crown Council transfers the regency of the tiny kingdom to Prince Albert, the heir to the throne, saying that Prince Rainier can no longer carry out his duties as monarch. [PAR] April 6, 2005 - Prince Rainier III dies of organ failure and Prince Albert becomes Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco. [PAR] July 6, 2005 - Publicly acknowledges paternity of his son, Alexandre, born to Nicole Coste, a flight attendant from Togo. [PAR] July 12, 2005 - Part one of the formal investiture as Monaco's ruler is Mass at St. Nicholas Cathedral, marking the end of the mourning period for Prince Rainier. [PAR] November 17, 2005 - Part two of the formal investiture is the enthronement ceremony at St. Nicholas Cathedral. [PAR] April 16, 2006 - Travels to the North Pole by dogsled to highlight global warming. [PAR] June 1, 2006 - Acknowledges paternity of his daughter, Jazmin Grace Grimaldi, born to an American former waitress, Tamara Rotolo. [PAR] March 2, 2007 - Presides over the opening ceremony in Paris of International Polar Year, a research program with a focus on the Polar Regions involving 50,000 scientists from 63 countries. [PAR] January 28, 2008 - Is named as one of the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) \"Champions of the Earth.\" [PAR] April 22 2008 - Receives the UNEP award which recognizes individuals who show extraordinary leadership on environmental issues. [PAR] January 5-14, 2009 - Completes expedition to the South Pole evaluating climate impact on Antarctica along the way. He is the only head of state to have visited both poles. [PAR] June 23,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anglo-Irish Agreement | United Kingdom-Ireland [1985 ... Anglo-Irish Agreement | United Kingdom-Ireland [1985] | Britannica.com [PAR] United Kingdom-Ireland [1985] [PAR] United Kingdom [PAR] Anglo-Irish Agreement, accord signed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Garret FitzGerald , the Irish taoiseach (prime minister), on Nov. 15, 1985, at Hillsborough Castle in County Down, N.Ire., that gave the government of Ireland an official consultative role in the affairs of Northern Ireland . Considered one of the most significant developments in British-Irish relations since the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the agreement provided for regular meetings between ministers in the Irish and British governments on matters affecting Northern Ireland. It outlined cooperation in four areas: political matters; security and related issues; legal matters, including the administration of justice; and the promotion of cross-border cooperation. [PAR] Ireland\u2019s taoiseach (prime minister), Garret FitzGerald, and British Prime Minister Margaret \u2026 [PAR] Peter Kemp/AP [PAR] The road to the Anglo-Irish Agreement [PAR] The agreement was negotiated as a move toward easing long-standing tension between Britain and Ireland on the subject of Northern Ireland, although Northern Irish unionists (those in favour of remaining part of the United Kingdom ) were themselves strongly opposed to giving their southern neighbour a say in domestic matters. Many political leaders\u2014including Thatcher, who had been strongly committed to British sovereignty in Northern Ireland\u2014had come to believe that a solution to years of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland could only be achieved by means of an all-Ireland arrangement. [PAR] Such an attempt had previously been made in 1973. A power-sharing executive, composed of Irish nationalists as well as unionists, was set up in Northern Ireland, and Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave participated in talks with British Prime Minister Edward Heath that resulted in the Sunningdale Agreement . That accord recognized that Northern Ireland\u2019s relationship with Britain could not be changed without the agreement of a majority of its population, and it provided for the establishment of a Council of Ireland composed of members from both the D\u00e1il (the lower chamber of the Irish legislature) and the Northern Ireland assembly. That agreement collapsed in May 1974 because of a general strike inspired by unionist opponents of power sharing. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Anti-Comintern Pact [PAR] In 1981 FitzGerald launched a constitutional crusade to make the reunification of Ireland more attractive to Northern Ireland\u2019s Protestants. At the end of the year, the Irish and British governments set up an Anglo-Irish intergovernmental council to discuss matters of common concern, especially security. In 1984 the report of the New Ireland Forum\u2014a discussion group that included representatives of political parties in Ireland and Northern Ireland\u2014set out three possible frameworks for political development in Ireland: a unitary state, a federal state, and joint sovereignty. Of Ireland\u2019s major political parties, Fianna F\u00e1il preferred a unitary state, which Fine Gael and the Irish Labour Party regarded as unrealistic; they preferred the federal option. [PAR] Also in the early 1980s, in Northern Ireland, John Hume , the leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and a member of the British Parliament, gathered the support of prominent Irish American political leaders in condemning the use of violence and urging Irish Americans not to support the Irish Republican Army (IRA), a paramilitary organization that often used violent means to bring an end to British rule in Northern Ireland. Hume\u2019s group also encouraged U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan to persuade Thatcher to pursue closer relations with Ireland. [PAR] Negotiations and outcomes [PAR] In the improved political climate between Britain and Ireland, leaders of the two countries sat down to negotiations. Ireland and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The first Oscars - Did you know? The first Oscars [PAR] Home \u00bb movies \u00bb The first Oscars [PAR] The first Oscars [PAR] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was established in May 1927 as a non-profit corporation to promote the art of movie making. In the first year, the Academy had 36 members, with Douglas Fairbanks Sr as president. The first Academy Awards, now better known as the Oscars, were presented at a private dinner in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, with less than 250 persons attending. Today, the Academy has over 6 000 honorary members \u2013 the Oscar Awards are viewed by more than a billion people on television. [PAR] The first television broadcast of the Oscars took place in 1953 \u2013 on black and white TV, telecasted throughout the US and Canada. Telecasting in color begun in 1966, and since 1969, the Oscars have been telecast throughout the world. By the mid-1990s it was telecast in over 100 countries. [PAR] Emil Jannings [PAR] Photos with kind permission of silent-movies.com \u2013 the premier web destination for Silent Movie facts. [PAR] The first Oscars [PAR] At the first Academy Awards, held in May 1929, Best Director awards went to Lewis Milestone for Two Arabian Knights and Frank Borzage for 7th Heaven. The first award for Actor in a Leading Role went to Emil Jannings (real name Theodor Friedrich Emil Janenz) for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. The first Best Actress award was won Janet Gaynor for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel and Sunrise. The first Best Picture award went to WINGS. All those films were screened in 1927. Those were the days of the silent movies, thus WINGS was the only silent to have won a Best Picture Oscar. It also featured Gary Cooper in a minor role. Swiss-born Jannings grew up in Germany and had a heavy German accent which, with the advent of sound in movies , basically put an end to his Hollywood movie career. [PAR] The most popular night in the world [PAR] The Academy Award ceremony basically was a non-public affair in 1927 and 1928. But it had created such public interest that the Oscar Presentation Night was introduced in 1929. Until 1954 the Oscars were presented mostly on a Thursday. From 1955 to 1958, they were presented on a Wednesday. From 1959 until 1998 the Oscars were, with a few exceptions, presented on a Monday night. Only since 1999 did the Awards ceremony take place on a Sunday (in March). In total up to 2005, the famous statuettes have been handed out on 32 Monday nights, 21 Thursday nights, 8 Wednesdays, 6 Tuesdays, 2 Fridays, once on a Saturday (1948), and four times on a Sunday. [PAR] In 1930, the Academy Awards were held twice: on 3 April and on 5 November. No ceremony was held in 1933. Since 1940 people have been kept on the edge of their seats with the familiar phrase \u201cThe envelope please.\u201d [PAR] The Envelope Please [PAR] The record for most acting nominations without a single win is shared by Peter O\u2019Toole and Richard Burton with seven. The most nominated actors for Best Actor and Best Supporting Roles are Jack Nicholson (11), Laurence Olivier (10), and Spencer Tracy (9). No male performer has yet won three Best Actor awards. [PAR] Only one actress has won the Best Actress award four times: Katharine Hepburn is the only actress to have won the Best Actress award four times, for Morning Glory (1932/3), Guess Who\u2019s Coming to Dinner? (1967),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u200e\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0646 - General Michel Aoun\u200e - About | Facebook The President of the Republic of Lebanon General Michel AOUN [PAR] Born in Haret Hreik on September 30, 1933, to Naim and Marie Aoun.... [PAR] Married to Nadia Chami since November 30, 1968, they have three daughters: Mireille, Claudine and Chantal. [PAR] Academic Background: [PAR] \u2022 He studied at the \u2018Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur School\u2019 (Fr\u00e8res) in Gemmayze till 1955 [PAR] \u2022 He joined the Military Academy in October 1955 and graduated as Second Lieutenant in the Artillery Corps September 30, 1958 [PAR] Training Sessions overseas: [PAR] \u2022 1958 \u2013 1959: Session on artillery application at Ch\u00e2lons\u2013sur-Marne, France [PAR] \u2022 1966: Advanced artillery session at the USA Army Artillery and Missile School, USA [PAR] \u2022 1978 \u2013 1980: Staff Session at the High War Institute, Paris - France [PAR] \u2022 1983: Session on maneuvers at Fort Benning, USA [PAR] Decorations, Commendations and Felicitations: [PAR] \u2022 Medal of War, five times [PAR] \u2022 Medal for battle wounds [PAR] \u2022 Lebanese Order of Merit, Extraordinary Grade [PAR] \u2022 Lebanese Order of Merit, Grand Cordon [PAR] \u2022 Lebanese Order of Merit, 1st grade [PAR] \u2022 Lebanese Order of Merit, 2nd grade [PAR] \u2022 Lebanese Order of Merit, silver [PAR] \u2022 National Order of the Cedar, Grand Collar [PAR] \u2022 National Order of the Cedar, Grand Cordon [PAR] \u2022 National Order of the Cedar, Officer [PAR] \u2022 National Order of the Cedar, Knight [PAR] \u2022 Commemorative Medal of December 31, 1961 [PAR] \u2022 Commendation of the commander-in-chief of the Army six times [PAR] \u2022 Felicitation of the commander-in-chief three times [PAR] - Foreign Decorations: [PAR] \u2022 Commander of the Legion of Honor, France, January 29, 1986 [PAR] Military transfers and posts: [PAR] \u2022 Since his graduation from the Military Academy in 1958, he undertook many tasks and assumed numerous responsibilities in all Lebanese regions, till he became Chief of Staff of the Lebanese military Forces in charge of maintaining security in Beirut on August 14, 1982. [PAR] \u2022 On January 18, 1983 he was appointed Commander of the 8th Infantry Brigade. [PAR] \u2022 On June 23, 1984, he was appointed Commander-in-chief of the Army. [PAR] Political Assignments and responsibilities: [PAR] 22/09/1988 He was appointed President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of National Defense and Information, by virtue of decrees 5387 and 5388, while keeping his military rank [PAR] 04/10/1988 He was assigned ad interim with the duties of the ministries of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants, National Education and fine Arts, and Interior, in the absence of the original minister [PAR] 13/10/1990 He moved to the embassy of France in Beirut, after the Syrian invasion, upon the request of Ambassador Ren\u00e9 Ala, in view of negotiating a cease-fire. He remained there till August 27, 1991 [PAR] 28/08/1991 He left Lebanon for France [PAR] 07/05/2005 He returned to Beirut after the withdrawal of the Syrian forces from Lebanon [PAR] 12/06/2005 He was elected Member of Parliament for the Kesserwan-Jbeil constituency, and headed the \u201cChange and Reform Bloc\u201d at the Lebanese Parliament [PAR] 18/09/2005 He was elected President of the \u201cFree Patriotic Movement\u201d party [PAR] 07/06/2009 He was reelected Member of Parliament for the Kesserwan district [PAR] On October 31, 2016, he was elected President of the Republic of Lebanon. He is the thirteenth President after Independence. [PAR] Main Speeches and Lectures: [PAR] 11/06/1994 Address at the Lebanese National Conference, Paris [PAR] 05/12/1995 Letter to the Synod for Lebanon [PAR] 20/05/1996 Letter to the European Parliament, Strasbourg [PAR] 12/03/1998 Lecture entitled \u201cLebanon: past, present and future\u201d, ESSEC Institute, Paris [PAR] 22/05/2000 Lecture at the French"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley - The Ed Sullivan Show Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show [PAR] Elvis Presley [PAR] Elvis Presley [PAR] Elvis Aaron Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi on January 8th, 1935, but it probably wasn\u2019t until his September 9th, 1956 appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show that America witnessed the birth of \u201cThe King of Rock \u2018n\u2019 Roll.\u201d [PAR] Artist Biography [PAR] Already owning a Number One hit with \u201cHeartbreak Hotel,\u201d Elvis had been on television before, but nothing compared to his debut on The Ed Sullivan Show when 60 million viewers tuned in. It was a high profile cultural moment and national event when 82% of the television viewing audience watched Elvis on The Ed Sullivan Show . [PAR] This young man, whose sound and raw, energetic performances went against everything the conservative Eisenhower era stood for, captivated the youth of America. That night on the Sullivan show, Elvis entered living rooms across the country and created a cultural revolution that changed musical tastes and entertainment forever. [PAR] An average student, Elvis found inspiration at The First Assembly of God, the church his family attended, and where he learned to love gospel music. On his eleventh birthday, Elvis was given a guitar by his mother and, inspired by southern gospel singers like Jake Hess and country artists like Hank Snow and Roy Acuff, he taught himself to sing and play the instrument by ear. As he grew older Elvis became more passionate about music and immersed himself in the sounds of his new home -- Memphis, Tennessee. [PAR] By 1955, at the age of 20, Elvis Presley was emerging as a regional star in the south, touring and playing shows from Tennessee to Texas. Known for his lively performances and on stage gyrations, Elvis played a unique blend of R&B, country, gospel and rock \u2018n\u2019 roll. At this early age, Elvis was taken under the wing of well-known music promoter Colonel Tom Parker who heard about Elvis and the audience reaction he was getting whenever he performed. Elvis was recording for producers Sam Phillips and his Sun label. Parker got RCA to buy Elvis\u2019 contract for an outrageous sum at the time -- $35,000. Elvis\u2019 first single, \u201cHeartbreak Hotel\u201d was released on January 27, 1956 and his self-titled debut album two months later. \u201cHeartbreak Hotel\u201d became Elvis Presley\u2019s first Number One single and his debut album quickly went gold. [PAR] To give his artist a national showcase Colonel Parker booked Elvis\u2019s first televised appearance on Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey\u2019s Stage Show. To get him on the show, The Colonel sent the show\u2019s producer, Jackie Gleason, a glossy photo of Elvis with a note reading \u201cJG: This is Elvis Presley. About to be Real Big\u2026- Colonel.\u201d The deal was for six appearances, and although Stage Show was not a major variety show it brought Elvis his first national exposure. [PAR] Soon after, Elvis\u2019s national popularity was on the rise, and Hollywood wanted in. Elvis signed a movie contract with Hal Wallis and Paramount Pictures. The Colonel next booked two appearances for him on The Milton Berle Show. For the first show broadcast, April 3, 1956, Elvis was filmed on the flight deck of the USS Hancock in San Diego. Hundreds of sailors were in attendance. In the second show, June 5, 1956, Elvis\u2019s playful performance of \u201cHound Dog\u201d drove the teens wild, but the press and some adults were outraged. The controversy over his bumps and grinds and gyrating hips only served to fuel the fire. When Ed Sullivan was asked if he would book Elvis on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 [PAR] Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 [PAR] Yasser Arafat [PAR] Yitzhak Rabin [PAR] Prize share: 1/3 [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 was awarded jointly to Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\". [PAR] Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"The Nobel Peace Prize 1994\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clark Gable - Biography - IMDb Clark Gable - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Clark Gable [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 184 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (5) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (107) | Personal Quotes (42) | Salary (19) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' 1\" (1.85 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] William Clark Gable was born on February 1, 1901 in Cadiz, Ohio, to Adeline (Hershelman) and William Henry Gable, an oil-well driller. He was of German, Irish, and Swiss-German descent. When he was seven months old, his mother died, and his father sent him to live with his maternal aunt and uncle in Pennsylvania, where he stayed until he was two. His father then returned to take him back to Cadiz. At 16, he quit high school, went to work in an Akron, Ohio, tire factory, and decided to become an actor after seeing the play \"The Bird of Paradise\". He toured in stock companies, worked oil fields and sold ties. On December 13, 1924, he married Josephine Dillon , his acting coach and 15 years his senior. Around that time, they moved to Hollywood, so that Clark could concentrate on his acting career. In April 1930, they divorced and a year later, he married Maria Langham (a.k.a. Maria Franklin Gable ), also about 17 years older than him. [PAR] While Gable acted on stage, he became a lifelong friend of Lionel Barrymore . After several failed screen tests (for Barrymore and Darryl F. Zanuck ), Gable was signed in 1930 by MGM's Irving Thalberg . He had a small part in The Painted Desert (1931) in 1931. Joan Crawford asked for him as co-star in Dance, Fools, Dance (1931) and the public loved him manhandling Norma Shearer in A Free Soul (1931) the same year. His unshaven lovemaking with bra-less Jean Harlow in Red Dust (1932) made him MGM's most important star. [PAR] His acting career then flourished. At one point, he refused an assignment, and the studio punished him by loaning him out to (at the time) low-rent Columbia Pictures, which put him in Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night (1934), which won him an Academy Award for his performance. The next year saw a starring role in Call of the Wild (1935) with Loretta Young , with whom he had an affair (resulting in the birth of a daughter, Judy Lewis ). He returned to far more substantial roles at MGM, such as Fletcher Christian in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) and Rhett Butler in Gone with the Wind (1939). [PAR] After divorcing Maria Langham, in March 1939 Clark married Carole Lombard , but tragedy struck in January 1942 when the plane in which Carole and her mother were flying crashed into Table Rock Mountain, Nevada, killing them both. A grief-stricken Gable joined the US Army Air Force and was off the screen for three years, flying combat missions in Europe. When he returned the studio regarded his salary as excessive and did not renew his contract. He freelanced, but his films didn't do well at the box office. He married Silvia Ashley, the widow of Douglas Fairbanks , in 1949. Unfortunately this marriage was short-lived and they divorced in 1952. In July 1955 he married a former sweetheart, Kathleen Williams Spreckles (a.k.a. Kay Williams ) and became stepfather to her two children, Joan and Adolph (\"Bunker\") Spreckels III. [PAR] On November 16, 1959, Gable became a grandfather when Judy Lewis , his daughter with Loretta Young , gave birth to a daughter,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mitterand\u2019s Funeral | Iconic Photos Mitterand\u2019s Funeral | Iconic Photos [PAR] Famous, Infamous and Iconic Photos [PAR] Mitterand\u2019s Funeral [PAR] Mitterand\u2019s wife Danielle stands on the far left, his mistress Anne Pingeot(second from right) and illegitimate daughter Mazarine (third from right) [PAR] Anne and Mazarine [PAR] Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand served as the President of France from 1981 to 1995, the first left-wing head of state since 1957 and the only member of the Socialist Party to be elected as the President of France. He also holds the record of the longest-serving (almost 14 years) President of France. [PAR] At President Francois Mitterand\u2019s funeral in 1996, his wife and his long term mistress stood side-by-side at the grave, accompanied by their respective legitimate and illegitimate children . Although the press made no comment, the existence of his illegitimate daughter Mazarine was revealed by the popular magazine Paris-Match in 1994, just months before he left office. Mitterrand concealed the fact for years. [PAR] For more details on sex life of French politicians, see Sexus Politicus (Dubois, Deloire), which premise is that in France, a successful politician is also a seductive politician. Prime Minister Edgar Faure mused when he gained the lofty title of \u201cpresident of the Council,\u201d \u201cWhen I was a minister, some women resisted me. Once I became president, not even one.\u201d President from 1895 to 1899, F\u00e9lix Faure, who was not related, died in the bed of his mistress. [PAR] De Gaulle was the only post-World War II French leader to maintain a strict military discipline over his personal life. Giscard d\u2019Estaing claimed he had as many mistresses as the salons of Paris, and noted, \u201cWhen I was president of the republic, I was in love with 17 million French women. When I saw them in the crowd, they felt it and then they voted for me.\u201d [PAR] Rate this:[DOC] [TLE] A Tell-All\u2019s Tale: French Politicians Stray Early and ... A Tell-All\u2019s Tale: French Politicians Stray Early and Often - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Europe |A Tell-All\u2019s Tale: French Politicians Stray Early and Often [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Correction Appended [PAR] PARIS, Oct. 16 \u2014 Did President Jacques Chirac have a child with a Japanese mistress? Did the Socialist politician and would-be presidential candidate Dominique Strauss-Kahn attend a sex soir\u00e9e? Did former President Val\u00e9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing really have as many mistresses as the salons of Paris have claimed? [PAR] Sex and politics have intermingled in France for centuries, but the private lives of politicians have historically been kept secret. [PAR] This is, after all, the country in which President Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand concealed for years the existence of a daughter born out of wedlock. It was disclosed by the popular magazine Paris-Match in 1994, just months before he left office, and both of his families attended his funeral two years later. [PAR] Now, \u201cSexus Politicus,\u201d a 390-page tell-all book on the subject, has catapulted to the top of the nonfiction best-seller lists, a reflection of the erosion of privacy in French public life and the appetite for a gossipy read. [PAR] The authors, Christophe Dubois and Christophe Deloire, are veteran investigative reporters who have written books about the murder of the prefect of Corsica in 1998 and the rise of Islamic extremism in France. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] About 150,000 copies are in print in France, a remarkable number here for a work of nonfiction. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s a rather serious book based on interviews, not just hearsay,\u201d said Patrick Jarreau, one of the editors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bernie Ecclestone | Sport | The Guardian Bernie Ecclestone | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Bernie Ecclestone [PAR] Ross Brawn has been working with F1\u2019s future owner, Liberty Media, and looks to be on his way back into the sport [PAR] Published: 2 Nov 2016 [PAR] Nico Rosberg has said he is \u2018not here to please everyone\u2019 after Bernie Ecclestone claimed it would be bad for the sport should the German win Formula One\u2019s world championship [PAR] Published: 27 Oct 2016 [PAR] Chase Carey, the new chairman of F1, has spoken out after attending the Singapore grand prix while Lewis Hamilton has promised a big push to overcome the championship deficit [PAR] Published: 18 Sep 2016 [PAR] The veteran chief executive could be approaching the end of an era after Liberty Media\u2019s takeover, with the Formula E founder Alejandro Agag a contender for the role [PAR] Published: 15 Sep 2016 [PAR] Chase Carey will breathe new life into F1 after Bernie Ecclestone neglect [PAR] Paul Weaver [PAR] Chase Carey, the head of Liberty Media, said he wants to get young fans to reconnect with Formula One, saying \u2018people connect with people, not with steel\u2019 [PAR] Published: 9 Sep 2016 [PAR] The $8bn purchase comes with promises of growth and catering to fans but also shows how Bernie Ecclestone has transformed the sport in recent decades [PAR] Published: 8 Sep 2016 [PAR] S\u00e3o Paulo kidnappers left amateurish trail of clues that led police to rented flat where Aparecida Schunk was being held [PAR] Published: 2:39 PM [PAR] Bernie Ecclestone and the senior drivers\u2019 representative, Sebastian Vettel, have found themselves in conflict as F1 rejected the introduction of the halo head protection device [PAR] Published: 28 Jul 2016 [PAR] Formula One\u2019s top teams could lose tens of millions of pounds after Bernie Ecclestone revealed he plans to scrap the current bonus scheme and redistribute monies [PAR] Published: 27 Jun 2016 [PAR] Motor racing chief Bernie Ecclestone shrugs off criticism over staging prestige event under a repressive regime [PAR] Published: 18 Jun 2016 [PAR] Bernie Ecclestone insists Formula One has a \u201c100%\u201d clear conscience despite the sport facing criticism on its arrival in Azerbaijan for the oil-rich state\u2019s first race [PAR] Published: 16 Jun 2016 [PAR] Formula One has been urged to improve its image by speaking out on the human rights situation in Azerbaijan, which will stage its inaugural grand prix on 19 June [PAR] Published: 7 Jun 2016 [PAR] The F1 chief executive, Bernie Ecclestone, has warned that the new regulations, with the engine-related rules ratified only on Friday, may be \u2018torn up\u2019 should they not produce better racing [PAR] Published: 5:52 AM [PAR] F1 aims to introduce cockpit protection for 2017 despite Ecclestone objections [PAR] Formula One\u2019s race director, Charlie Whiting, has confirmed that the use of a cockpit protection device in the sport is still set to go ahead for the 2017 season, despite objections from some drivers and the sport\u2019s chief executive [PAR] Published: 4:46 AM[DOC] [TLE] F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone settles bribery case for $100 ... F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone settles bribery case for $100 million - LA Times [PAR] F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone settles bribery case for $100 million [PAR] Bernie Ecclestone [PAR] Sebastian Widmann / Getty Images [PAR] Formula One head Bernie Ecclestone, center, and his wife, Fabiana Flosi, depart the courthouse on Tuesday. [PAR] Formula One head Bernie Ecclestone, center, and his wife, Fabiana Flosi, depart the courthouse on Tuesday. (Sebastian Widmann / Getty Images) [PAR] Jim Peltz Contact Reporter [PAR] Ecclestone long has run the international motor-racing series and has an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mubarak of Egypt: the U.S. Meets the Surprising Man Who ... Mubarak of Egypt: the U.S. Meets the Surprising Man Who Succeeded Sadat [PAR] Mubarak of Egypt: the U.S. Meets the Surprising Man Who Succeeded Sadat [PAR] Email [PAR] He was Anwar Sadat\u2019s handpicked successor, but when Hosni Mubarak travels to Washington this week for scheduled talks with President Reagan, Americans will find that the new President of Egypt is a strikingly different figure from his mystical mentor. Rising to power in the military, Mubarak commanded the Egyptian Air Force in its dramatic opening attack on Israel in the 1973 war. Yet he has shown no reticence, and indeed considerable skill, in putting his mark swiftly on his nation\u2019s domestic policy. He has freed political dissidents imprisoned by Sadat and purged his Cabinet of members close to a government official arrested for corruption. His stewardship of foreign policy has been equally surefooted, if not always to American taste. Though Mubarak remains committed to the Camp David Accords, he informed Secretary of State Alexander Haig last month that he would not meet the April deadline for signing an agreement on the Palestinian issue without further Israeli concessions. Just last week he invited the Soviet Union to send back to Cairo the 66 technical advisers whom Sadat expelled along with the Soviet Ambassador last September. [PAR] Mubarak thrived under the presidencies of Gamal Nasser and Anwar Sadat, but he kowtowed to neither man. He once refused Nasser\u2019s brother admittance to the Air Force Academy for failing to pay the registration fee, and when Sadat\u2019s brother\u2014a pilot who was killed in the 1973 war\u2014first came under his command, Mubarak was notably hard on him. \u201cI didn\u2019t want anybody to think that he had privileges,\u201d Mubarak says. \u201cI hate people who exploit the fact that anybody in their family is important.\u201d In that and other ways, Mubarak is far less the autocrat than Sadat was. After Sadat\u2019s funeral, newspaper editor Hassanein Heikal, who had been imprisoned by Sadat, asked what the new President had worn to the rites. \u201cA plain dark suit,\u201d he was told. \u201cThat makes me feel better,\u201d said Heikal, who has since been released by Mubarak. \u201cIt means that he will not put emphasis on uniforms and decorations, like his predecessor.\u201d [PAR] Mubarak differs in other ways. He avoids both the rhetoric that Nasser used to whip crowds into hysterics and the political manipulation practiced by Sadat. Though Sadat openly attacked Arab leaders for their intransigence on the peace process, Mubarak has ordered conciliation\u2014even to the point of forbidding the Egyptian press to criticize his country\u2019s archenemy, Libya\u2019s Col. Muammar Qadaffi. He has made it clear that peace with the rest of the Arab world is as important to him as peace with Israel. [PAR] Most remarkably, Mubarak has shunned the cult of personality that Egyptian Presidents in the past have encouraged. A no-nonsense man who grew up as the son of a court employee in a small village near Sadat\u2019s birthplace, Mubarak still answers his own phone and spends almost all his time within one square mile, shuttling between his office, his modest two-story home and the Air Force Officers\u2019 Club. He is not given to the cumbersome motorcades in which Sadat traveled daily. \u201cSuddenly there are no more traffic jams in the center of Cairo,\u201d says one prominent industrialist. \u201cSadat used to cause them by driving through the city to his offices, houses and palaces.\u201d Mubarak also keeps his family life intensely private. When a Cairo newspaper reported that his half-Egyptian, half-Welsh wife of 23 years, Susanna,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robyn Smith - Biography - IMDb Robyn Smith - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Robyn Smith [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (4) | Personal Quotes (9) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Robyne Smith was born Melody Dawn Miller. Her biological father deserted her and her mother at her birth. Her mother was 17 when she was born. Melody's mother was declared mentally unstable and Melody was placed in a foster home. She was adopted and renamed Caroline Smith. Later, after a grueling court battle, she was returned to her birth mother. When her mother's mental illness reappeared, she was placed back in the care of her adoptive family. She may also have later spent time in a children's home. She became a jockey in 1969, winning the Paumonok Handicap at Aqueduct in 1973 riding North Sea. She became the first woman to win a major race in the USA. At 5' 7\", she was taller and heavier than most jockeys. She retired from racing in 1980. That same year, she married actor Fred Astaire . She was 45 years his junior. She remained married to Astaire until his death in 1987. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: slvrfox [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] Stepmother of Fred Astaire Jr. and Ava Astaire-McKenzie . [PAR] When Ginger Rogers received a Kennedy Center Honor in 1992, Robyn Smith , widow of Fred Astaire , withheld all rights to clips of Rogers' scenes with Astaire, demanding payment. The Kennedy Center refused and Rogers received her honor without the retrospective show. [PAR] Personal Quotes (9) [PAR] Now don't get the wrong impression. I'm not a recluse or anything. All those parties in Hollywood, I liked them well enough, I just had enough of that. Besides, it's just that I don't care if I'm seen. I'm not really impressed by anything. I mean that. Nothing impresses me. I guess I'm an iconoclast. I guess I'm the biggest iconoclast I know. [PAR] What the hell do I have to do? Eighteen percent I'm winning. Eighteen percent, and I don't have one ride. Ah, I should just forget about it and go shopping or something. There's jockeys who just love it when they can get a day off. But I don't have any ambition to do anything else. It's my whole life. I never knew it would be so satisfying to win. I love horses and speed, and I've always liked competition, but I never knew it would be so satisfying to win. Nothing makes me happier. I mean, some man could buy me something, anything, and it wouldn't mean as much to me as winning a race. I just love to win. It satisfies me mentally. If I don't win, I get very depressed. [PAR] [on starting out as an exercise girl] The horses weren't so scared, but boy, I was. Invariably, they'd run away with me, but it was dark in the morning that time of the year and [trainer Bruce] Headley couldn't see. One day, when it got lighter in the morning, he said, 'Gee, you don't gallop real good, do you?' [PAR] I'm going to be highly successful, so there'll be a much more interesting life for them to write about 10 years from now. But the main thing is I just don't want to do it, so I'm not going to. I just want to ride. [PAR] All my life people have said I'm not very friendly. But listen, I'm friendly with some people. I have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Orson Welles - Biography - IMDb Orson Welles - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Orson Welles [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 184 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (82) | Personal Quotes (73) | Salary (17) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 1\u00bd\" (1.87 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] His father was a well-to-do inventor, his mother a beautiful concert pianist; Orson Welles was gifted in many arts (magic, piano, painting) as a child. When his mother died (he was seven) he traveled the world with his father. When his father died (he was fifteen) he became the ward of Chicago's Dr. Maurice Bernstein. In 1931, he graduated from the Todd School in Woodstock, Illinois; he turned down college offers for a sketching tour of Ireland. He tried unsuccessfully to enter the London and Broadway stages, traveling some more in Morocco and Spain (where he fought in the bullring). Recommendations by Thornton Wilder and Alexander Woollcott got him into Katherine Cornell's road company, with which he made his New York debut as Tybalt in 1934. The same year, he married, directed his first short, and appeared on radio for the first time. He began working with John Houseman and formed the Mercury Theatre with him in 1937. In 1938, they produced \"The Mercury Theatre on the Air\", famous for its broadcast version of \"The War of the Worlds\" (intended as a Halloween prank). His first film to be seen by the public was Citizen Kane (1941), a commercial failure losing RKO $150,000, but regarded by many as the best film ever made. Many of his next films were commercial failures and he exiled himself to Europe in 1948. In 1956, he directed Touch of Evil (1958); it failed in the United States but won a prize at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair. In 1975, in spite of all his box-office failures, he received the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award, and in 1984, the Directors Guild of America awarded him its highest honor, the D.W. Griffith Award. His reputation as a filmmaker has climbed steadily ever since. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan < stephan@cc.wwu.edu> [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Frequently cast Joseph Cotten , Everett Sloane and Oja Kodar [PAR] Frequently wrote, directed and starred in films that feature the rise and fall of main characters (Charles Foster Kane in Citizen Kane (1941), Gregory Arkadin in _Confidential Report (1955)_, Detective Hank Quinlan in Touch of Evil (1958)) who, in classic Shakespearean style, are unmade by their own vices. [PAR] Known for his use of low camera angles, tracking shots, deep focus and elaborate crane shots in his films. [PAR] Trivia (82) [PAR] Once ate 18 hot dogs in one sitting at Pink's, a Los Angeles hot dog stand. [PAR] Welles' Oscar statuette sold for $861,542, when it was auctioned by Nate D. Sanders Memorabilia on December 20, 2011. [PAR] H.G. Wells was driving through San Antonio, Texas, and stopped to ask the way. The person he happened to ask was none other than Welles', who had recently broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\" on the radio. They got on well and spent the day together. [PAR] ABC-TV wanted him to play Mr. Roarke on Fantasy Island (1977), but the series' producer, Aaron Spelling , insisted on Ricardo Montalban . [PAR] He died on the same day as his The Battle on the River Neretva (1969) co-star Yul Brynner : October 10, 1985. [PAR] Ashes are buried inside an old well covered by flowers, within"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SPICE GIRLS BACK SCEPTICS ON EUROPE \u00bb 14 Dec 1996 \u00bb The ... SPICE GIRLS BACK SCEPTICS ON EUROPE \u00bb 14 Dec 1996 \u00bb The Spectator Archive [PAR] SPICE GIRLS BACK SCEPTICS ON EUROPE [PAR] Opposition to Labour on tax, rejection of single currency. Important interview by Simon Sebag Montefiore [PAR] INTERVIEW the Spice Girls, I thought. But the Spice Girls are interviewed all the time. My interview, however, would be dif- ferent. I would ask only questions that I would ask Mr Major, Mr Blair, Mr Hesel- tine or any other politician. [PAR] Only one thing worried me about this plan. What if they weren't interested in politics? It was a needless worry. They were completely political. Politics was real- ly their subject. [PAR] 'We Spice Girls are .true Thatcherites. Thatcher was the first Spice Girl, the pioneer of our ideology \u2014 Girl Power. But for now we're desperately wor- ried about the slide to a single currency,' said Gerri, the 24- year-old, husky-voiced, Titian- haired lead singer. [PAR] We were sitting in a smoke- filled room with the inner Cabi- net of the Girl Power Party. Gerri, known as 'Ginger Spice', is the Spice Girls' expert on the small print of the Maastricht Treaty. As she argued the Eurosceptic case with passionate pride in the way English democ- racy has developed since the Glorious Revolution of 1688, sitting in her black platform glamrock boots, black stockings and hot pants, she resembled nothing less than a leggy, pouting, pneumatically Eurosceptic John Redwood at the high point of his recent intervention in the EU Budget scrutiny debate. [PAR] The politics of the Spice Girls may be somewhat surprising. You may, indeed, wonder who on earth the Spice Girls are and why we care. The answer is that this year this five-girl popular singing ensemble has dominated the culture of those aged between five and 25 in most countries of the world. Their album Spice has already sold three million copies; their song `Wannabe' (an anthem to Thatcherite meritocratic aspiration) sold another three million, staying at number one in the hit parade for seven weeks. As I write this, they are number one in 27 countries. In Japan, they are the most successful popu- tar Western group since the Beatles. But it is not their commercial success that makes them interesting \u2014 after all, there have been plenty of teenage singing sensations before, from Tiny Tim to Little Stevie Wonder, from Donny Osmond to Take That. So why do politicians from Tony Blair to Brian Mawhinney care so much about Spice? [PAR] Just like the Thatcher Revolution, it has to do with ideas \u2014 the Spice Girls have views on everything. They boast a political movement called Girl Power which influ- ences millions of young voters lost to the main political parties. One presumes that Girl Power must be a feminist version of the People Power that so effectively over- threw Ferdinand Marcos in the Philip- pines. Like Bill Clinton \u2014 a saxophonist \u2014 they have their music, but they are pri- marily political animals leading a burgeon- ing political movement. Every week the feisty, sexy quintet make another outra- geous political statement \u2014 how they lost their virginities, how they advocate female decision-making, whether they will ever experience Sapphism. The young believe they are the greatest philosophes since Descartes and Voltaire. [PAR] When Marshal Tito and his partisans arose in the remote Balkans to fight the Nazis, the Cabinet in London did not know if he was a communist, a nationalist, a myth or a hermaphrodite. When Fidel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apartheid | Article about apartheid by The Free Dictionary Apartheid | Article about apartheid by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Apartheid | Article about apartheid by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/apartheid [PAR] Related to apartheid: Nelson Mandela [PAR] apartheid [PAR] (\u0259p\u00e4rt`h\u012bt) [Afrik.,=apartness], system of racial segregation peculiar to the Republic of South Africa, the legal basis of which was largely repealed in 1991\u201392. [PAR] History [PAR] Racial segregation and the supremacy of whites had been traditionally accepted in South Africa prior to 1948, but in the general election of that year, Daniel F. Malan Malan, Daniel Fran\u00e7ois [PAR] , 1874\u20131959, South African political leader. A minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, he left the pulpit after the outbreak of World War I to become editor of an Afrikaner nationalist paper. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. officially included the policy of apartheid in the Afrikaner Nationalist party platform, bringing his party to power for the first time. Although most whites acquiesced in the policy, there was bitter and sometimes bloody strife over the degree and stringency of its implementation. [PAR] The purpose of apartheid was separation of the races: not only of whites from nonwhites, but also of nonwhites from each other, and, among the Africans (called Bantu in South Africa), of one group from another. In addition to the Africans, who constitute about 75% of the total population, those regarded as nonwhite include those people known in the country as Coloured (people of mixed black, Malayan, and white descent) and Asian (mainly of Indian ancestry) populations. [PAR] Initial emphasis was on restoring the separation of races within the urban areas. A large segment of the Asian and Coloured populations was forced to relocate out of so-called white areas. African townships that had been overtaken by (white) urban sprawl were demolished and their occupants removed to new townships well beyond city limits. Between the passage of the Group Areas Acts of 1950 and 1986, about 1.5 million Africans were forcibly removed from cities to rural reservations. [PAR] Separate Development Policy [PAR] Under the prime ministership of Hendrik Verwoerd Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch [PAR] , 1901\u201366, South African political leader, b. Holland. He was taken as an infant to South Africa when his parents emigrated as missionaries. He graduated from Stellenbosch Univ. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. apartheid developed into a policy known as \"separate development,\" whereby each of the nine African (Bantu) groups was to become a nation with its own homeland, or bantustan. An area totaling about 14% of the country's land was set aside for these homelands, the remainder, including the major mineral areas and the cities, being reserved for the whites. The basic tenet of the separate development policy was to reserve within the confines of the African's designated homeland rights and freedoms, but that outside it blacks were to be treated as aliens. [PAR] Movement to and between other parts of the country was strictly regulated, the location of residence or employment (if permitted to work) was restricted, and blacks were not allowed to vote or own land. Thus African urban workers, including those who were third- or fourth-generation city dwellers, were seen as transients, their real homes in rural reservations from which they or their ancestors migrated. Only those holding the necessary labor permits, granted according to the labor market, were allowed to reside within urban areas. Such permits often did not include the spouse or family of a permit holder, contributing to the breakup of family life among many Africans. [PAR] Most African urban dwellers had to live in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Out Of My Hair - Complete ... I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Out Of My Hair - Complete Audio - South Pacific - YouTube [PAR] I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Out Of My Hair - Complete Audio - South Pacific [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 19, 2011 [PAR] Mitzi Gaynor filmed this number to this track, but it was highly edited for the released film. Oscar Hammerstein was on location in Hawaii and thought the number wasn't working as well as it had on Broadway. Director Josh Logan told him that people had been washing their hair in films for years, so it didn't have the novelty effect it had on stage. [PAR] Here's the complete audio track with some footage added from the film's trailer and a behind-the-scenes short (thanks to HistoryofWidescreen and mikeystar5 for that). [PAR] Apparently these lyrics were never recorded: [PAR] You can't light a fire when the wood's all wet, [PAR] You can't make a butterfly strong, [PAR] You can't fix an egg when it ain't quite good, [PAR] And you can't fix a man when he's wrong, [PAR] You can't put back a petal when it falls from a flower, [PAR] Or sweeten up a fellow when he starts turnin' sour... [PAR] ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frederick Loewe Dies at 86 - Wrote 'My Fair Lady' Score ... Frederick Loewe Dies at 86 - Wrote 'My Fair Lady' Score - NYTimes.com [PAR] Frederick Loewe Dies at 86; Wrote 'My Fair Lady' Score [PAR] By STEPHEN HOLDEN [PAR] Published: February 15, 1988 [PAR] Frederick (Fritz) Loewe, the composer who with his longtime lyricist partner Alan Jay Lerner created the scores for ''My Fair Lady,'' ''Camelot,'' ''Paint Your Wagon,'' ''Brigadoon,'' and ''Gigi,'' died yesterday in Palm Springs, Calif.. He was 86 years old. [PAR] The cause of death was cardiac arrest, according to John F. Morris, an artist and longtime friend of Mr. Loewe. [PAR] Among the most famous songs Mr. Loewe wrote with Mr. Lerner, who died in June 1986, were ''Almost Like Being in Love,'' ''I Could Have Danced All Night,'' ''On the Street Where You Live,'' ''I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face,'' ''If Ever I Would Leave You,'' ''Gigi,'' and ''Thank Heaven for Little Girls.'' The team's finest songs are marked by a contemporary conversational fluency and precision of phrase joined to a graceful Old World melodicism that looks back often wistfully to the turn-of-the-century operetta. [PAR] Lerner and Loewe, whose creative chemistry was comparable to that of Rodgers and Hammerstein, Dietz and Schwartz, and George and Ira Gershwin, were a less likely pairing than most other Broadway theatrical teams. Seventeen years older than his New York-born collaborator, Mr. Loewe came from the world of European operetta and in 1924 moved to the United States, where he struggled for years to gain a foothold in the musical theater. [PAR] The collaboration, which began inauspiciously in 1942, culminated 14 years later with ''My Fair Lady,'' a Broadway show that is widely regarded as the 50's Broadway musical at the pinnacle of perfection. For Rex Harrison, the nonsinging actor who played the role of Henry Higgins, Mr. Loewe invented melodies that matched to perfection his caustic, supercilious delivery. For Julie Andrews, who played the cockney girl whom Higgins turns into a lady, his melodic style extended from the clang of English music hall to the elegance of Straussian waltzes. Soloist With Berlin Symphony [PAR] Frederick Loewe was born in Berlin on June 10, 1901. His father was Edmund Loewe, a well-known Viennese tenor who created the role of Prince Danilo in ''The Merry Widow'' in 1906. A skillful pianist by the age of 4, Mr. Loewe studied the instrument in Berlin with Ferruccio Busoni and Eugene d'Albert, and worked on composition and orchestration with Emil Nikolaus von Reznicek. At 13, he became the youngest piano soloist to appear with the Berlin Symphony Orchestra. He also began writing songs at a young age, composing the tunes for a music hall sketch in which his father toured Germany. At 15, he wrote ''Katrina,'' a popular song that became an enormous hit across Europe. [PAR] Mr. Loewe's early songwriting success gave him the confidence to move to the United States in 1924. He gave a concert at Town Hall, followed by an engagement at the Rivoli Theater. But hampered by a tenuous command of the English language and a musical sensibility that was considered not ''American'' enough, he failed to achieve the success he had anticipated. To support himself, he took a succession of odd jobs, from busboy to riding instructor to prizefighter, and even worked out West for several years, as a cowpuncher and a mail carrier. On returning to New York, he played the piano in beer halls and the organ in a movie house, but lost the latter job with the advent of talking pictures."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rhythm of Life - Eclecticism - MichaelHanscom.com The Rhythm of Life \u2013 Eclecticism [PAR] Worth Reading [PAR] The Rhythm of Life [PAR] My strongest memory of a trip to England revolves around a single song. Our show-stopper piece that year was a song called \u2018The Rhythm of Life\u2019 \u2014 fun lyrics, an upbeat tempo, and a gorgeous arrangement that made every part fun to sing had quickly made it a favorite, and we\u2019d all become quite fond of ending our concerts with this number. [PAR] Many, many years ago (though not in a galaxy far, far away), I spent ten years as a member of the Alaska Children\u2019s Choir . [PAR] Originally founded by Renda Horn and Julie Baxley in 1979 as the Anchorage Girl\u2019s Choir, the Anchorage Boy\u2019s Choir was formed a few years later as a sibling organization, and I was one of the founding members. The two eventually merged into the Anchorage Girl\u2019s and Boy\u2019s Choir, and over the years became first the Anchorage Children\u2019s Choir, and eventually the Alaska Children\u2019s Choir. [PAR] The founder and director for many of the years I was in the choir was Renda Horn, a wonderful, energetic woman with more life bottled up inside her than most other people I\u2019ve ever known. She had a great love of both music and children, and was able to use these to corral a bunch of children into an internationally award winning children\u2019s choir \u2014 and those of us in the choir were as fond of her as she was of us. [PAR] One year, probably around 1986 or \u201987, the choir went on tour through England. I don\u2019t remember the full itinerary anymore, but I do have quite a few good memories of the trip; from exiting a station on the London Underground to emerge practically at the base of Big Ben and being able to gaze up at it glowing golden in the sunset on a sunny evening, to one of the other choir members accidentally pulling the handle off of a cathedral door and being momentarily panicked when my father (who was chaperoning the trip) reminded him of the \u201cyou break it, you buy it\u201d rule. [PAR] My strongest memory of the trip, though, revolves around a single song. Our show-stopper piece that year was a song called \u201cThe Rhythm of Life\u201d \u2014 fun lyrics, an upbeat tempo, and a gorgeous arrangement that made every part fun to sing had quickly made it a favorite, and we\u2019d all become quite fond of ending our concerts with this number. [PAR] We\u2019d been doing quite a few performances over the course of the trip, were nearing the end of our stay in England, and emotions had been running a bit high as looking forward to returning home battled with the excitement of visiting a foreign country. One of our final concerts was in a little church in some town (whose name I have long since forgotten), and somewhat unusually, was a short performance during the church service \u2014 it may be that Renda or one of the other choir members had relations in this town and was able to set up this special performance, though I\u2019m not entirely sure. [PAR] We sang a short selection of the pieces in our repertoire and, as had become standard, ended with \u201cThe Rhythm of Life\u201d. We were all arranged on the steps in front of the altar, and as the song progressed, the clouds that had been obscuring the sky that morning parted, sending warm golden light through the windows of the church."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Songwriters Hall of Fame - Frederick Loewe Exhibit Home Songwriters Hall of Fame - Frederick Loewe Exhibit Home [PAR] Hal Leonard [PAR] Frederick Loewe was born in Vienna, Austria on June 10, 1901, and from the beginning was steeped in the Viennese musical style. His father was a popular operetta star, and when The Merry Widow arrived in Berlin, Loewe's father was Berlin's first Danilo. By the age of 15, \"Fritz\" had composed a hit popular song, \"Katrina\", and was getting considerable attention as a promising young piano virtuoso. Like the young Kurt Weill, who was one year his senior, Loewe studied in Berlin with the great Italian-German composer and pianist Ferruccio Busoni. He also studied with the pianist-composer Eugen d'Albert and the composer Emil von Rezniek. At this time, his great ambition was to become a famous concert pianist and he traveled to the United States in 1924. Unfortunately, success did not greet him in America, and in the years that followed he survived by taking a colorful variety of jobs. At one time he was a cowboy, and at another time a prizefighter. [PAR] Meanwhile, Loewe worked to master the American style in popular music. In 1937, his first try at an American Musical Production opened in St. Louis called Salute to Spring. Then in 1938 he teamed up with lyricist Earle Crooker and in in his first Broadway Production called Great Lady. After several more attempts at a successful musical had failed, he met the Alan Jay Lerner, seventeen years his junior, and from that time, although Loewe worked with only Lerner. [PAR] Lerner and Loewe first met in 1942 and their first collaborations were failures The Life of the Party (1942) and What's Up? (1943). Their next, The Day Before Spring (1945) did slightly better, and included the song \"You Haven't Changed At All\". In 1947 they had their first hit, Brigadoon, which included \"The Heather On the Hill\" and the classic romantic ballad \"Almost Like Being In Love\". In 1951 Lerner and Loewe had their second success with Paint Your Wagon, which included such songs as \"They Call The Wind Maria\", \"I Talk to the Trees\", and \"Wandrin' Star\". [PAR] Then in 1956 the revolutionary Broadway Production, My Fair Lady, premiered on Broadway starring Julie Andrews and Rex Harrington. Loewe\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds astonishingly rich score, one of the great masterpieces of the American musical, included the now standard \"Why Can't The English?\", \"Wouldn't It Be Loverly\", \"With a Little Bit Of Luck\", \"I'm an Ordinary Man\", \"Just You Wait\", \"The Rain in Spain\", \"I Could Have Danced All Night\", \"On the Street Where You Live\", \"You Did It\", \"Show Me\", \"Get Me to the Church On Time\", \"A Hymn to Him\" and \"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face\". The show ran for 2,717 performances in its original Broadway production. [PAR] My Fair Lady was followed in 1958 with the classic film musical Gigi, which had a superb score including \"Thank Heaven For Little Girls\" and \"I Remember it Well\". The Film Musical won 9 Academy Awards. [PAR] In their last great collaboration, Lerner and Loewe created the 1960 score for Camelot, which included songs \"I Wonder What the King is Doing Tonight\", \"Camelot\", \"The Simple Joys Of Maidenhood\", \"How to Handle a Woman\", and \"If Ever I Should Leave You\". [PAR] After Camelot, Loewe, now 60 years old, withdrew from composing, although he did return to work together with Lerner one last time on the unsuccessful 1974 film The Little Prince. Loewe's music springs from the European operetta tradition, but he adapted that tradition to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The King and I (1956) - IMDb The King and I (1956) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The King and I ( 1956 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] A widow accepts a job as a live-in governess to the King of Siam's children. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 02 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 30 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The King and I (1956) [PAR] 7.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 5 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] In the Oklahoma territory at the turn of the twentieth century, two young cowboys vie with an evil ranch hand and a traveling peddler for the hearts of the women they love. [PAR] Director: Fred Zinnemann [PAR] On a South Pacific island during World War II, love blooms between a young nurse and a secretive Frenchman who's being courted for a dangerous military mission. [PAR] Director: Joshua Logan [PAR] The Egyptian Prince, Moses, learns of his true heritage as a Hebrew and his divine mission as the deliverer of his people. [PAR] Director: Cecil B. DeMille [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.9/10 X [PAR] Billy Bigelow has been dead for fifteen years, and now outside the pearly gates, he long waived his right to go back to Earth for a day. But he has heard that there is a problem with his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Henry King [PAR] In 1850 Oregon, when a backwoodsman brings a wife home to his farm, his six brothers decide that they want to get married too. [PAR] Director: Stanley Donen [PAR] Harold Hill poses as a boys' band leader to con naive Iowa townsfolk. [PAR] Director: Morton DaCosta [PAR] The story of the great sharpshooter Annie Oakley , who rose to fame while dealing with her love/professional rival, Frank Butler. [PAR] Directors: George Sidney, Busby Berkeley [PAR] Stars: Betty Hutton, Howard Keel, Louis Calhern [PAR] The story of the romance between the King of Siam and widowed British schoolteacher, Anna Leonowens, during the 1860s. [PAR] Director: Andy Tennant [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Mrs. Anna Leonowens and her son Louis arrive in Bangkok, where she has been contracted to teach English to the children of the royal household. She threatens to leave when the house she had been promised is not available, but falls in love with the children. A new slave, a gift of a vassal king, translates \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" into a Siamese ballet. After expressing her unhappiness at being with the King, the slave decides to make an attempt to escape with her lover. Anna and the King start to fall in love, but her headstrong upbringing inhibits her from joining his harem. She is just about to leave Siam but something important she finds out makes her think about changing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grease (1978) - IMDb Grease (1978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Good girl Sandy and greaser Danny fell in love over the summer. When they unexpectedly discover they're now in the same high school, will they be able to rekindle their romance? [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 21 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 22 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 30 images [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Grease \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Spending the summer at a Catskills resort with her family, Frances \"Baby\" Houseman falls in love with the camp's dance instructor, Johnny Castle. [PAR] Director: Emile Ardolino [PAR] A Brooklyn teenager feels his only chance to succeed is as the king of the disco floor. His carefree youth and weekend dancing help him to forget the reality of his bleak life. [PAR] Director: John Badham [PAR] An English student at a 1960's American high school has to prove himself to the leader of a girls' gang whose members can only date greasers. [PAR] Director: Patricia Birch [PAR] After a young man is murdered, his spirit stays behind to warn his lover of impending danger, with the help of a reluctant psychic. [PAR] Director: Jerry Zucker [PAR] A city teenager moves to a small town where rock music and dancing have been banned, and his rebellious spirit shakes up the populace. [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] When a worldly singer witnesses a mob crime, the police hide her as a nun in a traditional convent where she has trouble fitting in. [PAR] Director: Emile Ardolino [PAR] A poet falls for a beautiful courtesan whom a jealous duke covets. [PAR] Director: Baz Luhrmann [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful prostitute he meets... only to fall in love. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] Cady Heron is a hit with The Plastics, the A-list girl clique at her new school, until she makes the mistake of falling for Aaron Samuels, the ex-boyfriend of alpha Plastic Regina George. [PAR] Director: Mark Waters [PAR] A pretty, popular teenager can't go out on a date until her ill-tempered older sister does. [PAR] Director: Gil Junger [PAR] A rich high school student tries to boost a new pupil's popularity, but reckons without affairs of the heart getting in the way. [PAR] Director: Amy Heckerling [PAR] A Pittsburgh woman with two jobs as a welder and an exotic dancer wants to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Little Night Music | Music Theatre International A Little Night Music | Music Theatre International [PAR] Music Theatre International [PAR] Request Licenses & Perusals, Pay Invoices [PAR] Your Web Profile [PAR] We are working quickly to merge our two logins. [PAR] Region [PAR] Original Broadway Version (1973) [PAR] Stephen Sondheim's romantic nineteenth-century waltz whisks us away to a weekend in the country. [PAR] Sondheim creates a stunning tour de force when he takes Ingmar Bergman's comedy of manners, Smiles of a Summer Night, and turns it into a musical of masterful execution and elegance. Winner of four Tony Awards, this is a musical work that has forever entranced the world of theatre. [PAR] Set in 1900 Sweden, A Little Night Music explores the tangled web of affairs centered around actress, Desir\u00e9e Armfeldt, and the men who love her: a lawyer by the name of Fredrik Egerman and the Count Carl-Magnus Malcom. When the traveling actress performs in Fredrik's town, the estranged lovers' passion rekindles. This strikes a flurry of jealousy and suspicion between Desir\u00e9e; Fredrik; Fredrick's wife, Anne; Desir\u00e9e's current lover, the Count; and the Count's wife, Charlotte. Both men \u2013 as well as their jealous wives \u2013 agree to join Desir\u00e9e and her family for a weekend in the country at Desir\u00e9e's mother's estate. With everyone in one place, infinite possibilities of new romances and second chances bring endless surprises. [PAR] A Little Night Music is full of hilariously witty and heartbreakingly moving moments of adoration, regret and desire. This dramatic musical celebration of love is perfect to showcase your highly trained singers with its harmonically advanced score and masterful orchestrations, and contains Sondheim's popular song, the haunting \"Send in the Clowns.\"[DOC] [TLE] A Little Night Music - YouTube A Little Night Music - YouTube [PAR] A Little Night Music [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 4, 2008 [PAR] Romantic liaisons are played out beneath the mysterious summer night of turn-of-the-century Sweden in Stephen Sondheim's Tony Award-winning musical comedy, A Little Night Music. Directed by Stefan Novinski with Musical Direction by Dennis Castellano, the South Coast Repertory production ran from Sept. 7 - Oct. 7, 2007. CREDITS: Music and Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, Book by Hugh Wheeler, Suggested by a Film by Ingmar Bergman, Originally Produced and Directed on Broadway by Harold Prince. CAST: Christopher Carothers (Mr. Lindquist), Misty Cotton (Petra), Karen Culliver (Mrs. Nordstrom), Joe Farrell (Henrik Egerman), Katie Horwitch (Fredrika Armfeldt), Mark Jacoby (Fredrik Egerman), Damon Kirsche (Count Carl-Magnus Malcolm), Ann Marie Lee (Mrs. Anderssen), Tracy Lore (Mrs. Segstrom), Branden McDonald (Frid), Kevin McMahon (Mr. Erlanson), Amanda Naughton (Countess Charlotte Malcolm), Teri Ralston (Madam Armfeldt), Carolann Sanita (Anne Egerman), Stephanie Zimbalist (Desir\u00e9e Armfeldt). CREATIVE TEAM: Ken Roht (choreography), Sibyl Wickersheimer (set design), Shigeru Yaji (costume design), Christopher Akerlind (lighting design), Drew Dalzell (sound design), Megan Monaghan (dramaturg) and Jamie A. Tucker (stage manager). Videography by Media Magic (www.mediamagicvideo.com) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gypsy Rose Lee - Biography - IMDb Gypsy Rose Lee - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Gypsy Rose Lee [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trivia (18) | Personal Quotes (3) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Born Rose Louise Hovick in Seattle, Washington, in 1911, but called Louise from early childhood, Gypsy Rose Lee was the daughter of a mild-mannered businessman and a restless, fiery young woman named Rose, who was determined to get out of Seattle and make a life for herself and her daughter in show business. In 1912, Rose had another child, June. Rose thought June was much more beautiful, photogenic and talented than Louise apparently could ever hope to be, which soon caused her to pack up her two children and search for a career in vaudeville (she divorced her husband when he objected to a career in show business). By the time Louise was seven and June five, they had put together a very successful act, Baby June and Her Farmboys. June was, of course, the star, and Louise was put in the chorus, though she did get an occasional moment in the spotlight. The act was making $1500 a week, but the family was not exactly living in high style, having to scrimp and save much of the time in order to buy food, and often in debt. There are many who believe that Rose was squandering the money. [PAR] There were also rumors about Rose during this time, about how she had to dodge the police, who enforced strict child labor laws, and even about how she may have murdered a man she thought was pestering her children. Despite these rumors, June and Louise's act continued to be successful throughout the 1920s. At the end of the decade June was 13 and had been re-christened Dainty June. By this time it was clear that vaudeville was a dying art form. Rose, however, still chased after her dream, and still made June up to be a cute baby. June resented it, and finally she married one of the chorus boys in the act (she was still only 13) and ran away with him. Not even this could stop Rose, however. This time she formed a new act, centering it around Louise. Called Rose Louise and Her Hollywood Blondes, she and her chorus girls performed slightly risqu\u00e9 musical numbers, and were moderately successful. Still, vaudeville continued to die out, which hurt the act. However, there was one form of vaudeville that still drew crowds: burlesque. Eventually, Rose, Louise and company had to take a job in a burlesque house. Sometime during their stay there the star stripper was not able to go on for a performance. Rose, never one to pass up an opportunity, volunteered Louise for the job. So Louise, just 15 at the time, stepped on stage, wearing not much more than a grass skirt, and slowly and teasingly . . . didn't take much off. Audiences responded favorably to this new kind of striptease act, which was more \"tease\" than \"strip,\" more tantalizing than tawdry. Louise had finally found her calling. [PAR] For her stage name she took Gypsy, a nickname she derived from her hobby of reading tea leaves, and combined it with her real first name, Rose, and Lee, which she added on a whim. As Gypsy Rose Lee she launched a hugely successful career in burlesque, incorporating humor and intelligence, as well as the requisite removal of various articles of clothing, into her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andrew Lloyd Webber | The Stars | Broadway: The American ... Andrew Lloyd Webber | The Stars | Broadway: The American Musical | PBS [PAR] Composers, Lyricists & Writers [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber [PAR] Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber has written some of the most commercially successful musicals of the last quarter of the 20th century. Among his most popular shows are \u201cJoseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\u201d (1967), \u201cJesus Christ Superstar\u201d (1971), \u201cEvita\u201d (1974), \u201cCats\u201d (1981), \u201cThe Phantom of the Opera\u201d (1986), and \u201cSunset Boulevard\u201d (1993). Lloyd Webber\u2019s gift for melody has spawned such classic musical theater songs as \u201cMemory\u201d and \u201cMusic of the Night.\u201d [PAR] Lloyd Webber was born in London on March 22, 1948. His father was a faculty member at the Royal College of Music and his mother was a piano teacher. Andrew showed musical aptitude at a very young age, and, while still a youth, composed short musical entertainments for his family. [PAR] His first musical was \u201cJoseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\u201d (1967). With lyricist Tim Rice, Lloyd Webber created an eclectic score to accompany the Old Testament story of Joseph and his brothers. Musical numbers ranged in style from Elvis-style rock to calypso and soft rock ballads. Joseph\u2019s two big songs, \u201cAny Dream Will Do\u201d and \u201cClose Every Door,\u201d became hit singles. [PAR] \u201cJesus Christ Superstar\u201d (1971), another collaboration with Rice, began life as a double album. Concert tours of the \u201crock opera\u201d followed, and ultimately, a stage version emerged. \u201cSuperstar,\u201d the story of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ as seen through the eyes of Pontius Pilate, garnered seven Tony Awards, including Best Musical and Best Score. Mary Magdalene\u2019s song \u201cI Don\u2019t Know How to Love Him\u201d became a pop standard. The 1973 film version starred Ted Neeley and Carl Anderson. [PAR] Michael Crawford and Sarah Brightman in Webber's \"The Phantom of the Opera.\" [PAR] \u201cEvita\u201d (1974), based on the life of Eva Peron, also began as a concept album. Patti LuPone and Mandy Patinkin starred in the Broadway version. The show received numerous Tony Awards, including Best Actress (LuPone). For the 1996 film which starred Madonna and Antonio Banderas, Lloyd Webber wrote a new song, \u201cYou Must Love Me.\u201d The song earned an Academy Award for the composer. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cCats\u201d (1981), based on T. S. Eliot\u2019s Old Possum\u2019s Book of Practical \u201cCats,\u201d is Lloyd Webber\u2019s longest-running show in both London\u2019s West End and on Broadway. \u2026 Like \u201cJoseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat,\u201d \u201cCats\u201d contains songs written in a variety of musical styles. \u201cMemory,\u201d the show\u2019s climactic number, is a sentimental ballad, which has been championed by singers Elaine Paige and Barbra Streisand, among others. [PAR] \u201cSong and Dance\u201d (1982) consisted of two parts: \u201cTell Me on a Sunday,\u201d a one-woman show, and \u201cVariations,\u201d a set of variations on Paganini\u2019s famous caprice for cello and rock band. Variations was written for Andrew\u2019s cello-playing brother Julian. [PAR] \u201cStarlight Express\u201d (1984), a train epic with music, followed. The cast of the high-tech fantasy dash around the ramp-enhanced theater on roller skates. Rock, blues, and country elements are apparent in the amplified score. A 90-minute version of \u201cStarlight Express\u201d opened in 1993 at the Las Vegas Hilton, the first major legitimate stage production to play in the famed gambling city. [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber [PAR] \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" [PAR] \"The Phantom of the Opera\" [PAR] \"Starlight Express\" [PAR] Ben Vereen [PAR] Robin Wagner [PAR] \u201cThe Phantom of the Opera\u201d (1986) is perhaps Lloyd Webber\u2019s best-known work. Based on Gaston Leroux\u2019s novel, the musical included the songs \u201cMusic of the Night,\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A tale of two Dollys | Expect the Unexpected A tale of two Dollys | Expect the Unexpected [PAR] Expect the Unexpected [PAR] Leave a Comment [PAR] A tale of two Dollys [PAR] Beth Leavel, left, and Klea Blackhurst portray America\u2019s favorite matchmaker Dolly Gallagher Levi in two very different productions of Hello, Dolly! [PAR] What kind of fool goes to two different productions of the same show in two weeks? A musical theater fool. [PAR] I recently saw two productions of Hello, Dolly! The first was at the Cape Cod Playhouse in Dennis, Massachusetts, starring Tony-award winning actress Beth Leavel (The Drowsy Chaperone). The second was in East Haddam, Connecticut at the Goodspeed Opera House, featuring Klea Blackhurst in the title role. Two very different productions, but great fun for this Dolly fan. [PAR] Dolly background [PAR] Hello, Dolly! is a musical comedy based on Thorton Wilder\u2019s farce The Matchmaker. Set in the late 1890\u2019s at the turn of the century, it tells the story of Dolly Gallagher Levi, a middle-aged widow and matchmaker, who sets out to make one last match \u2014 for herself, by nabbing Horace Vandergelder, the famous penny-pinching \u201cHalf-A-Millionaire\u201d of Yonkers, NY. Dolly was written by Michael Stewart with music and lyrics by Jerry Herman. The show first opened on Broadway in 1964 and was a long-running smash. It won 10 Tony awards, including Best Leading Actress by Carol Channing. In 1969, it was made into a film starring Barbra Streisand. [PAR] The show has since been produced across the world by professional and amateur theater companies. Still popular with audiences today, it\u2019s also the subject of an upcoming book, Call on Dolly: Celebrating 50 Years of Hello, Dolly! by entertainer Richard Skipper, my dear friend and fellow Dolly enthusiast. [PAR] Hello, Dolly! was my gateway drug into musical theater and it was intoxicating. I was hooked and wanted more. Being a mere child, I missed Dolly when it first appeared on Broadway in 1964. But thanks to my mother\u2019s wonderful record collection I got to listen over and over to Carol Channing, Charles Nelson Reilly (Cornelius), and Eileen Brennan (Irene Malloy) on the original Broadway cast recording. My favorite song was \u201cSo Long Dearie\u201d which I used to sing to the family dog. [PAR] Carol Channing at the Tribeca Film Festival tells everyone to \u201csmile for Patty.\u201d \u2014Patricia Gay photo [PAR] In 1975, I had the pleasure to see Pearl Bailey as Dolly on Broadway in an all-Black production (Her 1967 tour featured Clifton Davis and a young Morgan Freeman as two of the dancing waiters). [PAR] Finally, in 1978 I got to see my childhood idol Carol Channing perform Hello, Dolly! in Boston, part of a national tour featuring Eddie Bracken as Horace Vandergelder. I wanted to sing every song along with the cast, but had to settle for quietly mouthing all the tunes. [PAR] More recently, as a journalist, I\u2019ve had the great opportunity to interview Carol Channing. I met her and her sweet late husband Harry at a screening of the documentary, Carol Channing: Larger Than Life, at the Tribeca Film Festival. As I took photos for BroadwayWorld.com , I had to laugh when she pointed at me and told everyone to \u201csmile for Patty.\u201d Carol was Carol and she was delightful. [PAR] Cape Cod Playhouse [PAR] Having seen my share of Dollys over the years, I had high expectations for the New England productions. I\u2019m happy to say that both Beth Leavel in the Cape Cod Playhouse production and Klea Blackhurst at Goodspeed, were wonderful! Very different interpretations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Little Shop of Horrors (1986) Little Shop of Horrors (1986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Little Shop of Horrors ( 1986 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] A nerdy florist finds his chance for success and romance with the help of a giant man-eating plant who demands to be fed. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Howard Ashman (screenplay), Howard Ashman (based on the musical play \"Little Shop of Horrors\") | 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 29 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 04 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 02 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Title: Little Shop of Horrors (1986) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 2 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Directors: Roger Corman, Charles B. Griffith, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jonathan Haze, Jackie Joseph, Mel Welles [PAR] A newly engaged couple have a breakdown in an isolated area and must pay a call to the bizarre residence of Dr. Frank-N-Furter. [PAR] Director: Jim Sharman [PAR] Three actors accept an invitation to a Mexican village to perform their onscreen bandit fighter roles, unaware that it is the real thing. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] A selfish, cynical T.V. executive is haunted by three spirits bearing lessons on Christmas Eve. [PAR] Director: Richard Donner [PAR] Two friends who are dissatisfied with their jobs decide to join the army for a bit of fun. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] A successful psychotherapist loses his mind after one of his most dependent patients, an obsessive-compulsive neurotic, tracks him down during his family vacation. [PAR] Director: Frank Oz [PAR] A star bowler whose career was prematurely \"cut off\" hopes to ride a new prodigy to success and riches. [PAR] Directors: Bobby Farrelly, Peter Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Woody Harrelson, Randy Quaid, Bill Murray [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Seymour Krelborn is a nerdy orphan working at Mushnik's, a flower shop in urban Skid Row. He harbors a crush on fellow co-worker Audrey Fulquard, and is berated by Mr. Mushnik daily. One day as Seymour is seeking a new mysterious plant, he finds a very mysterious unidentified plant which he calls Audrey II. The plant seems to have a craving for blood and soon begins to sing for his supper. Soon enough, Seymour feeds Audrey's sadistic dentist boyfriend to the plant and later, Mushnik for witnessing the death of Audrey's ex. Will Audrey II take over the world or will Seymour and Audrey defeat it? Written by HannahMontaniwitz [PAR] A Singing Plant. A Daring Hero. A Sweet Girl. A Demented Dentist. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Comedy | Musical | Romance | Sci-Fi [PAR] Motion Picture Rating ( MPAA ) [PAR] Rated PG-13 for mature thematic material including comic horror violence, substance abuse, language and sex references | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 19 December 1986 (USA) See more \u00bb"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Festival Events Being Planned Don Quixote - I Am Quixote Festival Events Being Planned Don Quixote [PAR] Learn more [PAR] Films \u2013 NC Latin American Film Festival [PAR] Click for RTVE TV Series Films \u2013 NC Latin American Film Festival Collaboration With NC Latin American Film Festival (Duke) Films that inspire the imagination and about Dreaming Big! LIBERTADOR WITH ENGLISH SUBTITLES SEPT. 29, 2015 CAROLINA THEATRE 7:00 PM LIBERTADOR | THE LIBERATOR. Alberto Arvelo / 119 min [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] Don Quixote Musical Concerts/ Theatre [PAR] Don Quixote Musical Concerts/ Theatre Man Of La Mancha \u2013 CAPE FEAR REGIONAL THEATRE September 17, 2015 \u2013 October 11, 2015 \u2013 Fayetteville NC PACO PE\u00d1A'S FLAMENCURA \u2013 NOVEMBER 10, 2015 PROMO CODE: (DANCE) 50% OFF ANY TICKET!\u200b EL QUIXOTE FESTIVAL CONCERT \u2013 THE PHILHARMONIC ASSOCIATION \u2013 TRIANGLE YOUTH MUSIC [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] OPEN KEYNOTE ADDRESS \u2013 ROBERTO GONZ\u00c1LEZ ECHEVARR\u00cdA Ph.D. [PAR] OPEN KEYNOTE ADDRESS \"Reading Don Quixote today,\" ROBERTO GONZ\u00c1LEZ ECHEVARR\u00cdA Ph.D. Sterling Professor of Hispanic and Comparative Literature September 30th, 2015 \u2013 6:30 PM MEREDITH COLLEGE \u2013 RALEIGH NC DOORS OPEN AT 6:00 PM Press Release \u2013 Meredith Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria ROBERTO GONZALEZ ECHEVARRIA. Sterling Professor of Hispanic [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] Reading Don Quixote Today \u2013 Opening address of El Quixote Festival [PAR] Reading Don Quixote Today \u2013 Opening address of El Quixote Festival \"Reading Don Quixote today,\" SEPTEMBER 30TH, HOSTED BY: MEREDITH COLLEGE Doors Open 6:o0 PM \u2013 Jones Chapel A performance of Georg Philipp Telemann's Don Quixote Suite by Meredith's String Music Majors will precede the address with a Q&A and reception [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] Tertulia Literaria \u2013 Literary Gathering [PAR] The Third Literary Gathering is scheduled for February 17, 2016 7pm. As part of the El Quixote Festival, Queens University of Charlotte in collaboration with ArtS\u00ed and LaCa Projects invite you to the third Tertulia Literaria \u2013 Literary Gathering. LaCa Projects \u2013 LATIN AMERICAN CONTEMPORARY ART 1429 BRYANT STREET, CHARLOTTE, [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] Art Exhibit I Am Quixote, Yo Soy Quijote [PAR] Artist Studio Project in collaboration with The Durham Arts Council presents: I Am Quixote, Yo Soy Quijote OPENING RECEPTION: NOVEMBER 12, 2015 \u2013 7:00 PM \u2013 FREE ALL ARE WELCOME ARTIST ROUND TABLE \u2013 NOVEMBER 19, 2015 \u2013 7:00 PM \u2013 FREE ALL ARE WELCOME 120 Morris St. Durham NC 27701 \u2013 (919) 995-9763 [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] El Quixote Festival Concert \u2013 TYP [PAR] El Quixote Festival Concert: NOVEMBER 22, 2015 \u2013 7:00PM In the Triangle Youth Philharmonic's concert in Meymandi Concert Hall on November 22, 2015 at 7:00 pm, the orchestra will present opera and ballet music inspired by Don Quixote. Works by: Telemann, Minkus & The World Premiere performance of Tilting at Windmills by [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] PACO PE\u00d1A\u2019S FLAMENCURA: NOVEMBER 10, 2015 [PAR] PACO PENA'S FLAMENCURA: NOVEMBER 10, 2015 PACO PE\u00d1A'S FLAMENCURA \u2013 NOVEMBER 10, 2015 USE PROMO CODE: (DANCE) TO GET 50% OFF ANY TICKET! Paco Pe\u00f1a embodies both authenticity and innovation in flamenco. As guitarist, composer, dramatist, producer and artistic mentor he has transformed perceptions of this archetypal Spanish art form. Named [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] Kidznotes Winter Concert @ HOLTON CAREER AND RESOURCE CENTER [PAR] KIDZNOTES WINTER CONCERT \u2013 DREAM THE IMPOSSIBLE DREAM Envisioned as an educational and community enrichment program based on the El Sistema model and adapted to the local realities of the communities we serve, Kidznotes provides instruction free-of-charge to interested children in the lowest-income neighborhoods of Durham and Raleigh. Like El Sistema, the [\u2026] [PAR] Learn more [PAR] Edward H."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WGBH American Experience . Annie Oakley | PBS Related Books and Websites . Annie Oakley . WGBH American Experience | PBS [PAR] This historic film from the Library of Congress not only documents Annie Oakley's prowess with her rifle; it also is one of the earliest motion pictures in existence, made by Thomas Edison in 1894. [PAR] The Annie Oakley Foundation [PAR] Read an essay written by Annie Oakley's grand-niece on the site of this Greenville, Ohio-based foundation. [PAR] The Annie Oakley Show [PAR] Get information on the 1950s TV show that introduced the legend of Annie Oakley to a new generation of American girls. [PAR] Annie Get Your Gun [PAR] http://www.theatrehistory.com/american/musical009.html [PAR] Theaterhistory.com presents a synopsis of the 1946 musical based on the life of Annie Oakley. The musical featured such classic Irving Berlin tunes as \"There's No Business Like Show Business,\" \"Anything You Can Do,\" and \"You Can't Get a Man With a Gun.\" [PAR] National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame [PAR] This Fort Worth, Texas institution inducted Annie Oakley into its Cowgirl Hall of Fame in 1984. The site offers resources including useful bibliographies for elementary and middle-school reading levels. Search: Oakley [PAR] Buffalo Bill's Autobiography [PAR] Project Gutenberg presents a free, downloadable copy of Buffalo Bill Cody's autobiography, published in 1879. [PAR] Buffalo Bill Historical Center [PAR] The Web site of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center provides biographies of William Cody, Annie Oakley and others. Get information on the Wild West, firearms, Plains Indians, Western art and Yellowstone ecosystems. [PAR] Buffalo Bill Museum and Grave, Golden, Colorado [PAR] Read and play trivia games about Buffalo Bill's life, and find out about a buffalo herd maintained a short distance from downtown Denver. [PAR] Denver Public Library Photography Collection [PAR] http://digital.denverlibrary.org/ [PAR] The library's Western History and Genealogy Department presents galleries of photos documenting the development of the West, including this one of favorite images of Buffalo Bill Cody, Annie Oakley, and the Wild West Shows. Don't miss the picture of Cody and a group of Native Americans in a Venetian gondola! [PAR] Autry National Center Online Collections [PAR] http://www.autrynationalcenter.org/collections/ [PAR] This Los Angeles-based center, comprising the Southwest Museum of the American Indian, the Museum of the American West, and the Women of the West Museum, offers an online collections search. Find pictures and descriptions of artifacts relating to Annie Oakley and other Western legends. [PAR] University of Oklahoma Library, Western History Collections [PAR] http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/ [PAR] The University of Oklahoma Library presents online collections including this interesting group of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Novels, with colorful covers and titles like \"Wild Bill to the Rescue\" and \"The Prairie Hercules.\" The library also offers a browsable catalog of Native American manuscript resources. [PAR] American Experience: Ansel Adams [PAR] Learn about the famous photographer who documented some of the American West's untamed corners -- and fought for their protection. [PAR] Books [PAR] Appelbaum, Stanley. The Chicago World's Fair of 1893. New York: Dover Publications, 1980. [PAR] Baldwin, Dick. The Road to Yesterday: A Collection of Old Trapshooting Stories. Danbury, CT: Middle River Cowboys Press, 2005. [PAR] The Brooklyn Museum of Art. Buffalo Bill and the Wild West. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1981. [PAR] Carter, Robert A. Buffalo Bill Cody: The Man Behind the Legend. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000. [PAR] Connell, Evan S. Son of the Morning Star: Custer and the Little Bighorn. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1984. [PAR] Csida, Joseph and June. American Entertainment: A Unique History of Popular Show Business. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1978. [PAR] Fees, Paul and Sarah E."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hippie Music - Songs with a Message - Hippies From A to Z ... Hippie Music - Songs with a Message - Hippies From A to Z by Skip Stone [PAR] Songs With A Message [PAR] Do you believe in rock 'n roll? [PAR] Can music save your mortal soul? [PAR] Don McLean (American Pie) [PAR] Hippies use music to express themselves emotionally, spiritually, and politically. Music can make a statement, give voice to a movement, even unite us. As hippies explore their inner world, music guides them along in their quest for meaning. Without drugs it can get you high. With drugs, well, let's just say, music can be a religious experience. [PAR] To explain the impact of music as a social phenomenon, we need to go back before the hippies to the Civil Rights Movement. The protesters would sing a song called \"We Shall Overcome\". The Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, an associate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., said: [PAR] \"One cannot describe the vitality and emotion this hymn evokes across the Southland. I have heard it sung in great mass meetings with a thousand voices singing as one. I've heard a half dozen sing it softly behind the bars of the Hinds County Prison in Mississippi. I have heard old women singing it on the way to work in Albany, Ga. I've heard the students singing it as they were being dragged away to jail. It generates power that is indescribable. It manifests a rich legacy of musical literature that serves to keep body and soul together for that better day which is not far off.\" [PAR] So the early sixties saw music becoming more than just entertainment. It was now music with a message. And the messages our poets sang helped us identify with important issues and events that concerned us all. They spurred us to action. These songs had an impact on the consciousness of not just hippies but all society. Some of these songs also broke new ground musically. One way or another they hit us deeply, made us think, made us dream, made us feel as one people. [PAR] The musicians listed below were the inspiration for much of the music that has been made since. This includes Heavy Metal, Punk, Disco, Rap, Hip Hop, and Techno. Some of the artists in this list, many of the greatest, devoted the last years of their lives to sharing their music with the world. They touched millions of us, each in a unique way. [PAR] Also visit: [PAR] Hippyland's Music Page - Links to other great music sites. [PAR] Famous Hippy Quotes - Our page of great quotes from the Beats and hippies in music and literature. [PAR] Hipplanet's Music Store to buy the music on this page or other great music! [PAR] The Musicians and Their Music [PAR] The Top 40 Hippie Songs are highlighted in Blue [PAR] Recommended CDs are highlighted in Rust [PAR] The Allman Brothers [PAR] Greg and Duane Allman, and Dicky Betts could really jam. Their live concerts are the stuff of legend. Their southern rock sound conquered the north as well. Duane's death in a motorcycle accident was a shock, but the band carried on and has scored many hits since. [PAR] Eat a Peach - This recording includes \"Melissa\", \"Blue Sky\", and the 33+ minute \"Mountain Jam\". [PAR] Another great choice is Live at Filmore East with \"Whipping Post\". This band could really put on a show. [PAR] America [PAR] America's laid back, easy listening sound won many fans. Their soft acoustic melodies and crisp harmonies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jesus Christ Superstar ('73) I don't know how to love him ... Jesus Christ Superstar ('73) I don't know how to love him - YouTube [PAR] Jesus Christ Superstar ('73) I don't know how to love him [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 30, 2012 [PAR] Lyrics: I don't know how to love him. What to do, how to move him. [PAR] I've been changed, yes really changed. [PAR] In these past few days, when I've seen myself, I seem like someone else. [PAR] I don't know how to take this. I don't see why he moves me. [PAR] He's a man. He's just a man. [PAR] And I've had so many men before, In very many ways, [PAR] He's just one more. [PAR] Should I bring him down? Should I scream and shout? [PAR] Should I speak of love, Let my feelings out? [PAR] I never thought I'd come to this. What's it all about? [PAR] Don't you think it's rather funny, I should be in this position. [PAR] I'm the one who's always been So calm, so cool, no lover's fool, [PAR] Running every show. He scares me so. [PAR] I never thought I'd come to this. What's it all about? [PAR] Yet, if he said he loved me, I'd be lost. I'd be frightened. [PAR] I couldn't cope, just couldn't cope. I'd turn my head. I'd back away. [PAR] I wouldn't want to know. He scares me so. [PAR] I want him so. I love him so. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] I Don't Know How to Love Him - Glee TV Show Wiki - Wikia I Don't Know How to Love Him | Glee TV Show Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] I Don't Know How to Love Him [PAR] I Don't Know How to Love Him [PAR] Album: [PAR] Cast of Jesus Christ Superstar [PAR] Sung by: [PAR] Sadie Hawkins [PAR] 0pxembed/vD0RAO0jZeE0 [PAR] I Don't Know How to Love Him from Jesus Christ Superstar is featured in Sadie Hawkins, the eleventh episode of Season Four . It is sung by Tina, who is covering Helen Reddy's version. [PAR] Due to the New Directions not being able to rehearse or sing in the choir room after their loss at Sectionals , Beiste allows Finn to let the New Directions use the Boys Locker Room for a short period of time. Tina thinks that it would be a good idea to sing a solo to invite a specific boy to the Sadie Hawkins dance. Finn asks her to hurry though before Coach Beiste closes the locker room. [PAR] She sings, and it intercuts to scenes with her looking at Blaine , writing \"Blaine + Tina = Forever/Blatina\" on her notebook, a cafeteria scene and her staring at Blaine's bottom. As the song comes to an end, Tina walks towards Blaine and everyone exchanges awkward expressions, especially Blaine. When Tina finishes the solo, she asks Blaine to the Sadie Hawkins dance. In response, he awkwardly declines, making the scene extremely uncomfortable for Tina. The Titans then come into the locker room. [PAR] It is later revealed that Tina is very humiliated by the experience, and that Blaine said no because he has a crush on Sam . Despite this, they go to the dance as best friends."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barbara Cook - Biography - IMDb Barbara Cook - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Barbara Cook [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (6) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] Barbara Nell Cook [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Barbara Cook is best-loved and remembered for her work on the Broadway stage. An amazing singer and refreshingly impulsive actress, she made her debut at age 23 in the musical \"Flahooley\". Roles in \"Plain and Fancy\" and, the most famous flop of all time, \"Candide\" followed. In 1957, she created her most famous role as Marion Paroo opposite Robert Preston in \"The Music Man\". She won a Tony for her work. Other shows included \"The Gay Life\", \"She Loves Me\" and \"Something More\". After the short-lived \"Grass Harp\" during the early '70s, Cook retired from the musical theater. Not long after, she emerged as a dynamite cabaret singer. This second phase of her career is still going strong today. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: <pofrules@hotmail.com> [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] (1952 - 1965) (divorced) (1 child) [PAR] Trivia (6) [PAR] Her show, \"Barbara Cook Sings Mostly Sondheim\", was performed in 2001 at the Lyric Theatre in London, England and was nominated for a 2002 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Entertainment. [PAR] She was nominated for a 2002 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Entertainment for her performance in \"Barbara Cook Sings Mostly Sondheim\" at the Lyric Theatre in London, England. [PAR] Won Broadway's 1958 Tony Award as Best Supporting or Featured Actress (Musical) for playing Marian in \"The Music Man.\" In 2002, she was nominated in the Special Theatrical Event Category for her show \"Barbara Cook Sings Mostly Sondheim.\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fairground Attraction on Pinterest | Carousels, Carnivals ... 1000+ images about Fairground Attraction on Pinterest | Carousels, Fair games and Amusement parks [PAR] if we could go to the carousel (or the giant pink bunny) all gussied up that would be fantastic! [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Grantham cafe sees fairground attraction erected inches ... Grantham cafe sees fairground attraction erected inches from front door | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] A caf\u00e9 owner was forced to shut up shop for three days after bungling council officials erected a fairground ride just inches from his window. [PAR] Paul Meakin, 31, turned up to work on Monday to find the huge structure blocking the entrance to his family-run cafe in Grantham, Lincolnshire. [PAR] Workers had positioned the carousel-style attraction so close to the front door that it could not even be fully opened. [PAR] Taken for a ride: A caf\u00e9 owner in Grantham, Lincolnshire, was forced to shut up shop for three days after the local council put up a fairground carousel ride just inches from his shop window [PAR] Sandwiched in: Workers had positioned the carousel-style attraction so close to the front door of Cafe Leo that it could not even be fully opened [PAR] And even though the council apparently agreed the positioning was rather inconvenient, officials said it would be impossible to move - because it had already been set up for the event. [PAR] Mr Meakin now has to wait until tomorrow, the end of the local Mid-Lent Fair, to re-open the cafe. [PAR] He said: 'What customer wants to sit having a coffee and look out the window at the back end of a giant fairground ride. It was just really inconsiderate to say the least. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] 'Everybody thought we were closed anyway. You couldn't get anywhere near the shop really. It was unbelievable. [PAR] 'It was literally 3ft away from the window. Who could ever think that was a good idea?' [PAR] Mr Meakin, who runs the cafe with wife Jessica, said the 'barmy' decision forced him to close the cafe, a move which he said cost his business at least \u00a31,000. [PAR] Clear view: Mr Meakin could barely see out of the window after the ride was put up directly outside the cafe [PAR] Prettier sight: The area where Mr Meakin usually puts tables and chairs (pictured) for al fresco diners was also completely taken over [PAR] He claimed the ride had so badly obstructed the view that the entire premises was plunged into darkness. [PAR] And the area where Mr Meakin usually puts tables and chairs for al fresco diners was also completely taken over by the attraction. [PAR] He added: 'I had no choice but to close on health and safety grounds. Takings are down over a \u00a31,000 at least. [PAR] 'My worry was if we had to evacuate a hoard of people would just have been blocked off by a ride and a lamppost. [PAR] 'The council just don't seem to consider small local businesses here. It was a barmy decision.' [PAR] Baffled: Paul Meakin, 31, pictured with his wife and business partner Jessica, said he had to close the business for most of the week, a move which cost him around \u00a31,000 in profit [PAR] Mr Meakin was forced to close the caf\u00e9 early on Monday afternoon. It remained closed all day Tuesday, Wednesday and today. [PAR] He is due to reopen tomorrow, once the fair has ended. [PAR] He said: 'The ride position was just not acceptable so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jesus Christ Superstar: Andrew Lloyd Webber's ... - Telegraph Jesus Christ Superstar: Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical goes from \u2018evil brew\u2019 to family TV in ITV1's Superstar - Telegraph [PAR] TV and Radio [PAR] Jesus Christ Superstar: Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical goes from \u2018evil brew\u2019 to family TV in ITV1's Superstar [PAR] As Andrew Lloyd Webber's \u2018Jesus Christ Superstar\u2019 gets the talent-show treatment in ITV1's 'Superstar', Matthew Sweet recalls the hostility it once aroused. [PAR] The film version of Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), with Ted Neeley, far right, as Jesus. [PAR] By Matthew Sweet [PAR] 7:30AM BST 06 Jul 2012 [PAR] It was \u201ca witches\u2019 brew of anti-black and anti-Semitic venom\u201d. It was \u201cevil\u2026 rotten to the core\u201d. It was \u201cdemeaning\u201d and \u201cnothing less than a catastrophe\u201d. And now it\u2019s back, as a massive arena spectacular and a Saturday night talent show presented by Amanda Holden. [PAR] Sir Tim Rice and Lord [Andrew] Lloyd Webber\u2019s 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar is a four-decade phenomenon. Seven million albums sold; productions in 41 countries; an Oscar-nominated movie adaptation; \u201cthe biggest media parley in showbiz history,\u201d according to Variety. But it also deserves another, less obvious accolade. Thanks to its portrayal of its hero as a fallible figure uncertain of his own divinity, Jesus Christ Superstar remains the most protested-against work in the history of musical theatre \u2013 and these protests are still being made. [PAR] The show was banned last month in Belarus after a campaign by Orthodox prelates, who claimed to be acting on the wishes of \u201cinsulted believers\u201d. Its 2011 tour of Ireland was picketed by Presbyterian ministers who denounced it as \u201can utter blasphemy\u201d produced by \u201ctwo sinful, blinded, benighted sinners\u201d. In 2008, a Texan Baptist declared: \u201cEvery born-again Christian should readily recognise the evil of Jesus Christ Superstar, and should shun it like the plague.\u201d One for the poster, perhaps. [PAR] Starting next Saturday, British television is to provide the show\u2019s enemies with more pulpit material. The new arena staging will discover its leading man through the quasi-judicial process familiar to viewers of the phone-ins that have procured Lloyd Webber a Maria, a Nancy, a Joseph and a Dorothy. It\u2019s called Superstar. And if you just imagined the shiny face of Holden bellowing \u201cYou could be Jesus!\u201d at sweaty hopefuls, then you\u2019re not the first to have the thought. [PAR] Like Luther railing against the sale of indulgences, Rice has denounced the television adjunct to the production as \u201ctasteless\u201d and \u201cdownmarket\u201d. Has this schism been confected as bait for showbiz hacks? [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Melanie C and Chris Moyles join the cast of Jesus Christ Superstar [PAR] 16 May 2012 [PAR] Apparently not. If Rice doesn\u2019t like the winner, he\u2019ll veto the casting, as is his right. It\u2019s one of those ironic reversals of history \u2013 the rock opera accused of blasphemy is now a canonical text that demands deferential treatment. [PAR] In the West End offices of Lloyd Webber\u2019s Really Useful Theatre Company, evidence of the rich history of Jesus Christ Superstar has been carefully preserved. The files record that its producer, the wily Robert Stigwood, arranged for a gaggle of bishops to see the show before the critics; that Norman Jewison, the film\u2019s director, wanted to cast Paul McCartney as Jesus and crucify him on a Californian rubbish dump. [PAR] With admirable impartiality, the archive also retains a bulletin by Frederic Brussat, a minister in the United Church of Christ, which concludes its seven-page demolition of the 1971 Broadway production with a quote borrowed from J D Salinger: \u201cOld Jesus probably would\u2019ve puked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the Longest Running Broadway Shows ? | Broadway What are the Longest Running Broadway Shows? | Broadway.org [PAR] Ticket Guide [PAR] What are the Longest Running Broadway Shows? [PAR] Broadway lovers worldwide often wonder what are the longest running Broadway shows. With such a rich and storied history, Broadway stages have showcased many long-running shows over the years. Several of the longest running shows are still playing today. [PAR] The Phantom of the Opera [PAR] The longest-running show in Broadway history officially opened on January 26, 1988 and is still playing at the Majestic The Andrew Lloyd Webber musical won 7 1988 Tony Awards\u00ae including Best Musical. The Phantom of the Opera tells the story of a young soprano who becomes the object of obsession of a disfigured musical genius in Paris. [PAR] Cats [PAR] Earning 7 1983 Tony Awards including Best Musical, Cats has been performed worldwide and translated into over 20 languages. The musical with a score by Andrew Lloyd Webber is loosely based on the T.S. Eliot book Old Possum\u2019s Book of Practical Cats. Cats closed on Broadway in September 2000. [PAR] Chicago [PAR] This jazz age musical first appeared on Broadway in 1975, running over two years before closing in 1977. The current revival, playing now at the Ambassador Theatre, opened in 1996 and is still going strong. Chicago earned 6 1996 Tony Awards including Best Revival of a Musical. In 1998, the musical earned a Grammy for Best Musical Show Album. The show is set in Prohibition times in Chicago and is a satire of the corruption found in the criminal justice system and the concept of \u201ccelebrity\u201d criminals. [PAR] Les Mis\u00e9rables [PAR] The musical based on Victor Hugo\u2019s novel tells the story of Jean Valjean, a French peasant in early 19th-century France who served 19 years in jail for stealing a loaf of bread. The show earned 8 1987 Tony Awards including Best Musical and received a Grammy for Best Musical Cast Show Album in 1988. The original Broadway production closed in 2003 and has been revived twice, the latest production opening in 2014. [PAR] Other Long-Running Shows [PAR] Also among the top 12 longest running Broadway shows are The Lion King (currently playing at the Minskoff Theatre), A Chorus Line (1975-1990), Beauty and the Beast (1994-2007), Rent (1996-2008), Mamma Mia! (currently playing at the Broadhurst Theatre), Oh, Calcutta! (1976-1989), Wicked (currently playing at the Gershwin Theatre) and Miss Saigon (1991-2001). The next longest-running Broadway show that is still playing is Jersey Boys, which opened on Broadway in 2005 at the August Wilson Theatre. [PAR] [PAR] If you would like to learn more about what are the longest running Broadway shows, visit Broadway.org, the official website for Broadway tickets and information."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sunset Boulevard - DC Theatre Scene Sunset Boulevard - DC Theatre Scene [PAR] You are here: Home / All Reviews / Our Reviews / Sunset Boulevard [PAR] Sunset Boulevard [PAR] December 20, 2010 by Terry Ponick 4 Comments [PAR] Sunset Boulevard is not the best musical that Andrew Lloyd Webber ever composed. While its primary storyline\u2014the decline and fall of an aging silent film diva\u2013is oddly compelling, its score gets repetitious and its lyrics often fail to scan with the music. [PAR] That having been said, Signature Theatre\u2019s new production of this show is slick, compelling, and surprisingly moving. It\u2019s so good that, in spite of its lack of truly memorable tunes, it might just give the touring production of the Lincoln Center\u2019s South Pacific revival\u2014currently playing across the river at the Kennedy Center\u2014a run for its money. [PAR] D.B. Bonds as Joe Gillis, Florence Lacey as Norma Desmond and Ed Dixon as Max von Mayerling (Photo: Chris Mueller) [PAR] Sunset Boulevard has had a spotty history onstage. Inspired by Billy Wilder\u2019s eponymous 1950 film, Webber\u2019s musical version went through a few false starts and rewrites before its London premiere in 1993 with book and lyrics by Don Black and Christopher Hampton. Both the film and the musical focus on the sadly fading career of legendary (but fictional) silent film star Norma Desmond, portrayed brilliantly by Florence Lacey in Signature\u2019s production. [PAR] Now much older and wealthier but with her glamour days long past, Norma is convinced she can make a big Hollywood comeback playing a teenaged Salome in a biblical epic film she\u2019s scripted herself. Enter down-and-out screenwriter Joe Gillis who gets into Norma\u2019s palatial Sunset Boulevard mansion quite by accident. He ends up moving in to rewrite her disastrous script. [PAR] Not willing to give up the good life she lavishes upon him, he becomes her reluctant boy toy, which ruins his budding romance with up-and-coming young screenwriter Betty Schaefer. Ultimately, despite the desperate machinations of Norma\u2019s once-husband and now loyal butler Max, both Norma\u2019s revised script and her shabby affair lead to the show\u2019s highly dramatic, tragic denouement. [PAR] After its initial London success and a decent run on Broadway, Sunset Boulevard evolved into a continuing soap opera saga of misunderstandings and lawsuits in later productions, particularly in the United States. These, combined with the lavish, costly sets required by the show regularly kept the it from turning a profit. At least partly as a result, performances over the years gradually became much less frequent. [PAR] But now we arrive in Arlington, 2010. In what this critic regards as a dynamic masterstroke of fiscal and artistic creativity, the Signature Theatre brain trust chose to mount the first Washington-area run of Sunset Boulevard by trimming its outlandish stage mechanics to the minimum necessary to sustain the central metaphor of Norma\u2019s decaying Hollywood mansion. [PAR] This is not to imply that Signature\u2019s re-imagination of Sunset Boulevard looks and feels cheap. Far from it. Before you even enter the theater proper, you travel through the small rear vestibule of the MAX space and find it littered with packing crates and stage props. As you find your seat, you notice the burlap-bagged counterweights hanging from the industrial ceiling inside, and the sliding corrugated metal doors to the rear and sides of the generous, uncluttered, and barely-elevated stage area. You suddenly realize that you\u2019ve joined this production in medias res: you\u2019re smack-dab in the middle of a late-1940s Hollywood soundstage (kudos to set designer Dan Conway) that\u2019s devoid of props but ready for the directors, actors, and cameras to enter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Theatre Guild presents Oklahoma! : A musical play ... The Theatre Guild presents Oklahoma! : A musical play based on the play \"Green grow the lilacs\" (Playbill for the St. James Theatre) [PAR] Native American Authors: Browsing by Book Title [PAR] The Theatre Guild presents Oklahoma! : A musical play based on the play \"Green grow the lilacs\" (Playbill for the St. James Theatre) by Lynn Riggs [PAR] Riggs, Lynn. The Theatre Guild presents Oklahoma! : A musical play based on the play \"Green grow the lilacs\" (Playbill for the St. James Theatre) [PAR] New York : Theatre Guild, 1943. [PAR] Genre: Drama"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andrew Lloyd Webber: Now & Forever - amazon.com Andrew Lloyd Webber, Michael Dixon, John Mauceri, Anthony Bowles, Simon Lee, Harry Rabinowitz, Lorin Maazel, Michael Reed, Paul Bogaev, Chris Nightingale, David Caddick, David White, S\u00c3\u00aean Edwards, London Philharmonic Orchestra, BBC Concert Orchestra, Welsh National Opera Orchestra, Various Artists, Sounds of Blackness, Sarah Brightman, Pl\u00c3\u00a1cido Domingo, Ian Gillan, Yvonne Elliman, Murray Head, Steve Balsamo, Antonio Banderas, Elaine Paige, Joss Ackland, Barbara Dickson, Julie Covington, Patti LuPone, Mandy Patinkin, Susan Jane Tanner, Paul Nicholas, Marti Webb, Caron Cardelle, Samantha Lane, Reva Rice, Lon Satton, Ray Shell, Michael Crawford, Steve Barton, Michael Ball, Ann Crumb, Diana Morrison, Kevin Colson, Jason Donovan, Maria Friedman, Donny Osmond, Richard Attenborough, John Scher, Donna Stephenson, Steven Pacey, Glenn Close, Alan Campbell, James Graeme, Lottie Mayor, Marcus Lovett, Hannah Waddingham, David Shannon, Josie Walker, David Essex, Betty Buckley, Steve Harley, Cliff Richard, Jos\u00c3\u00a9 Carreras, Barbra Streisand, Petula Clark, Madonna, Tina Arena, Boyzone, Tom Jones, Boy George, Charlotte Church, Sacha Distel, Tim Rice, Maynard Williams, Elvis Presley, Tony Christie, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Gemma Craven - Andrew Lloyd Webber: Now & Forever - Amazon.com Music [PAR] By Jacob A. Davis on February 17, 2002 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] This box set could very well be the only Andrew Lloyd Webber collection someone would ever need. Of course, if you don't know much about Andrew Lloyd Webber's music, you probably wouldn't want to spend over sixty dollars on a box set. On the other hand, if you are a true Lloyd-Webber fan, then this is probably not the only one of his recordings you have, either. Anyhow, this box set contains the highlights of his greatest work performed by the people who (arguably) performed the songs best. Most Lloyd-Webber fans will have the majority of the songs on the first three CDs (with the possible exception of American fans perhaps not having those from The Beautiful Game). However, these all of these tracks have been newly digitally remastered and sound better than ever. There are also other perks for us all-time buffs. [PAR] Disc 4 has many famous cover versions and singles, some of which you may already have, but you also get the bonuses on this disc of Kiri Te Kanawa's \"The Heart is Slow to Learn\" (which was originally going to be part of a sequel to Phantom) and the Metal Philharmonic Orchestra's breathtaking rendition of \"A Kiss is A Terrible Thing To Waste\" (featuring vocalist \"Scarpia\"). You will have chills for days after that one. [PAR] Finally, there is the famous disc 5! Tracks never before realeased on CD for many of us to enjoy for the first time. This CD takes us back to the roots of ALW's music and lets us taste a few of the early moments of his career. It includes many singles for several well-known artist that didn't quite work out. It even includes the song written by Lloyd-Webber for his 1992 wedding. This is the most treasured disc of the whole set, in my opinion. Of course, this whole set is a treasure (even the extravegant and informative booklet in the box) and I highly reccomend this to anyone with a passion for Lord Lloyd-Webber's music. [PAR] By Marijan Bosnar on March 20, 2005 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] Regardless of the fact that some of his latest efforts (most notably, The Woman in White) are disappointing, there can be little doubt that Andrew Lloyd Webber is one of the greatest composers ever to work in the musical theatre. Ever since his \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" hit the stage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Little Shop Of Horrors Tickets - My Excite Little Shop Of Horrors Tickets [PAR] Little Shop Of Horrors Tickets [PAR] Little Shop Of Horrors Tickets [PAR] Little Shop of Horrors is among the longest running Off-Broadways musicals of all time. It is the creation of the award-winning team of lyricist and composer; Howard Ashman and Alan Menken. The musical premiered in 1982 and has been produced countless times since then. It tells us the tale of a simple florist who takes care of a ferocious alien plant that loves feeding on human blood and seeks global domination. In a limited three-show engagement, Little Shop will hit the stage at the New York City Center. It will feature big name stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Taran Killan and Ellen Greene. So grab Little Shop of Horrors tickets and enjoy the show. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] View Little Shop Of Horrors Tickets [PAR] Little Shop of Horrors is one of the most renowned musicals of all time in the US. The show is inspired by the 1960 black comedy movie of the same name that was directed by Roger Corman and starred Jack Nicholson. [PAR] A successful run [PAR] The musical first premiered in 1982 in and later had an Off-Broadway run at the Orpheum Theatre. Its successful run at the Orpheum lasted over half a decade. Through the decades, Little Shop has been produced on Broadway, on West End and numerous international adaptations and tours. [PAR] Hit numbers, cult following & what not! [PAR] Over the years, it has garnered a devout cult following among theatergoers and theatre performers. The musical is minimalistic as it requires easy orchestrations and a handful of actors. Due to this fact, it is often the choice of school, community and amateur productions. [PAR] Despite its simplicity, its hit songs have won widespread critical acclaim. These include \u201cSuddenly, Seymour,\u201d \u201cSomewhere That\u2019s Green\u201d and \u201cSkid Row (Downtown).\u201d All of these songs composed by Menken, and stylized in doo-wop, Motown and rock and roll music from the \u201860s. [PAR] Innocent florist versus evil plant [PAR] The story of the musical follows the life of the young orphan, Seymour Krelborn, who lives in a skid row. He is a florist who works with the ing\u00e9nue blonde Audrey at Mr. Mushnik\u2019s flower shop, which no longer attracts any customers. Seymour chances upon a mysterious plant that resembles a huge Venus flytrap. He names the plant Audrey II after his love interest. The plant soon starts to die and Seymour doesn\u2019t know how to nurse it back to health. [PAR] He accidentally discovers that Audrey II requires human blood to thrive and that it can also speak. The na\u00efve florist gives in to the plants bloodlust as it promises him riches, fame and love. What ensues is a struggle of power and domination between the florist and his plant. [PAR] Creative duo behind Little Shop [PAR] The Grammy Award-winning team of lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken worked on the lyrics, book and music for Little Shop of Horrors. Together, they have also received two Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards. They are responsible for the lyrics and music of Disney classics such as Oliver & Company, The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin. With direction by Dick Scanlan and choreography by Patricia Wilcox, the new adapted Little Shop hit New York City Center\u2019s main stage in summer 2015. [PAR] Gyllenhaal, Killam & Greene on-stage [PAR] In 2014, the Academy Award-nominated actor, Jake Gyllenhaal thrilled the audience with his performance in the movie Nightcrawler. Making his musical debut"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fred Astaire | Biography and Filmography | 1899 Fred Astaire | Biography and Filmography | 1899 [PAR] Appeared as himself in the documentary feature, \"George Stevens: A Filmmaker's Journey\" [PAR] 1980 [PAR] Last acting role in a feature film, \"Ghost Story\" [PAR] 1979 [PAR] Played eight roles in the NBC holiday movie \"The Man in the Santa Claus Suit\" [PAR] 1978 [PAR] Received Emmy for dramatic performance as elderly house painter whose heart attack makes him dependent on his family in the NBC movie \"A Family Upside Down\"; starred opposite Helen Hayes [PAR] 1977 [PAR] Had featured role in \"Un Taxi Mauve/The Purple Taxi\" [PAR] 1976 [PAR] Narrated the children's animated holiday special \"The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town\" (ABC) [PAR] 1974 [PAR] Paired on screen with Jennifer Jones in the all-star \"disaster\" flick \"The Towering Inferno\"; receieved a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award nomination [PAR] 1974 [PAR] Was one of the narrators for the compilation film \"That's Entertainment!\", a collection of MGM's great movie musical scenes [PAR] 1972 [PAR] Appeared in the award-winning NBC variety special \"Jack Lemmon in 'S Wonderful, 'S Marvelous, 'S Gershwin\" [PAR] 1969 [PAR] Starred in the ABC movie sequel \"The Over-the-Hill Gang Ride Again\" [PAR] 1969 [PAR] Narrated the animated children's holiday special \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\" [PAR] 1968 [PAR] One-shot return to musical films, \"Finian's Rainbow\" [PAR] 1968 [PAR] Starred in the NBC variety special \"The Fred Astaire Show\"; also produced [PAR] 1961 [PAR] Acted in \"The Pleasure of His Company\" [PAR] 1960 [PAR] Won Emmy Award for the NBC variety special \"Astaire Time\" [PAR] 1959 [PAR] First dramatic role, \"On the Beach\" [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Starred in the NBC variety special \"Another Evening with Fred Astaire\"; received Emmy nomination [PAR] 1958 [PAR] Appeared in \"An Evening with Fred Astaire\" (NBC), the first of four highly acclaimed, Emmy-winning TV specials over the span of a decade, partnering him with dancer Barrie Chase; won Emmy [PAR] 1957 [PAR] Made his last regular song-and-dance films, \"Funny Face\" and \"Silk Stockings\" [PAR] 1953 [PAR] Appeared in one of his best films, the semi-autobiographical \"The Band Wagon\", loosely based on the stage musical [PAR] 1949 [PAR] Reteamed with Ginger Rogers after an ailing Judy Garland withdrew from \"The Barkleys of Broadway\" [PAR] 1948 [PAR] Returned to films to replace an injured Gene Kelly opposite Judy Garland in \"Easter Parade\" [PAR] 1947 [PAR] Opened chain of Fred Astaire Dance Studios (date approximate) [PAR] 1946 [PAR] Announced retirement after box-office failure of \"Yolanda and the Thief\" (1945) and subsidiary role in \"Blue Skies\" (1946) [PAR] 1943 [PAR] Signed by MGM; worked on first film there, the all-star revue, \"Ziegfeld Follies\", which featured \"The Babbitt and the Bromide\", a comic dance number which paired him with Gene Kelly; Astaire had introduced the number on Broadway with his sister Adele in [PAR] 1940 [PAR] First film at MGM, \"Broadway Melody of 1940\", opposite Eleanor Powell [PAR] 1939 [PAR] Left RKO after last 1930s film with Rogers, \"The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle\" [PAR] 1938 [PAR] After box office failure of first starring film without Rogers, \"A Damsel in Distress\", voted \"box office poison\" by motion picture exhibitors along with Marlene Dietrich, Katharine Hepburn, Joan Crawford, Edward Arnold and others [PAR] 1935 [PAR] Team of Astaire and Rogers listed in annual motion picture exhibitors poll of top ten box office stars three years in a row; placed fourth, third and seventh [PAR] 1934 [PAR] First starring role, opposite Rogers, in \"The Gay Divorcee\"; introduced the Oscar-winning song \"The Continental\" [PAR] 1933 [PAR] First sizable film role"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guys and Dolls | Starstruck Theatre - Youth Performing Arts Guys and Dolls | Starstruck Theatre - Youth Performing Arts [PAR] Starstruck Theatre - Youth Performing Arts [PAR] July 29 \u2013 August 13, 2011 [PAR] Performances at Ohlone College Amphitheatre [PAR] A Musical Fable of Broadway [PAR] Based on a Story and Characters of Damon Runyon [PAR] Music and Lyrics by: Frank Loesser [PAR] Book by: Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows [PAR] Director: Lori A. Stokes [PAR] Tri City Voice: StarStruck\u2019s Guys and Dolls comes up aces [PAR] Set in Damon Runyon\u2019s mythical New York City, this oddball romantic comedy \u2013 considered by many to be the perfect musical comedy-soars with the spirit of Broadway as it introduces us to a cast of vivid characters who have become legends in the canon: Sarah Brown, the upright but uptight \u201cmission doll,\u201d out to reform the evildoers of Time Square; Sky Masterson, the slick, high-rolling gambler who woos her on a bet and ends up falling in love; Adelaide, the chronically ill nightclub performer whose condition is brought on by the fact she\u2019s been engaged to the same man for 14 years; and Nathan Detroit, her devoted fianc\u00e9, desperate as always to find a spot for his infamous floating crap game. [PAR] The original production burst onto Broadway in 1950 and ran for 1,200 performances. A 1976 revival with an all-African-American cast including Robert Guillaume ran for 239 performances, and the colorful 1992 revival with Peter Gallagher and Faith Prince became the longest-running revival of a Broadway musical, running until January 1995 (almost longer than the original!) The film version starred Marlon Brando as Sky and Frank Sinatra as Nathan. [PAR] \u201cThis is why Broadway was born!\u201d -Newsweek [PAR] \u201cOne of the funniest and melodious shows in seasons. Everything about it seems practically perfect.\u201d -Variety [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s the perfect musical comedy.\u201d -Daily News [PAR] Guys And Dolls"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hernando's Hideaway - 3 versions - YouTube Hernando's Hideaway - 3 versions - YouTube [PAR] Hernando's Hideaway - 3 versions [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jun 12, 2008 [PAR] The great song Hernando's Hideaway, written by Adler and Ross for the musical Pajama Game in 1953. A cool song like this deserves cool performances, and who better than Johnnie Ray to start. [PAR] 1) Johnnie Ray - 1954 single with Hey There. [PAR] 2) Boston Pops Orchestra under Arthur Fiedler, from the album \"Boston Tea Party\". Hey Arthur, The Ventures also did a good version. [PAR] 3) The Four Lads - from the 1961 Kapp LP \"12 Hits\" [not their hits, other people's hits]. [PAR] Johnnie Ray also recorded new renditions of his songs later, on the pictured CD. Mine is the original. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) - IMDb The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas ( 1982 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] A town's sheriff and regular patron of a historical whorehouse fights to keep it running when a TV reporter targets it as the Devil's playhouse. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 27 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 28 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) [PAR] 5.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Three female employees of a sexist, egotistical, lying, hypocritical bigot find a way to turn the tables on him. [PAR] Director: Colin Higgins [PAR] A woman ditches her small town life for big city Chicago, where she becomes a sensation as a radio show host. [PAR] Director: Barnet Kellman [PAR] Stopping briefly in a small Texas town, an itinerant race car driver finds that his stock car, on a trailer behind his motor home, has just been quickly and expertly stripped. He chases ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Daniel Petrie [PAR] A country music star must turn an obnoxious New York cabbie into a singer in order to win a bet. [PAR] Director: Bob Clark [PAR] The Bandit goes on another cross-country run, transporting an elephant from Florida to Texas. And, once again, Sheriff Buford T. Justice is on his tail. [PAR] Director: Hal Needham [PAR] A three-way friendship between two free-spirited professional football players and the owner's daughter becomes compromised when two of them become romantically involved. [PAR] Director: Michael Ritchie [PAR] Unlikely Angel (TV Movie 1996) [PAR] Comedy | Fantasy [PAR] Dolly Parton portrays a country music performer who meets an untimely demise, but cannot enter heaven until she performs a good deed back on earth - to get a workaholic widower and his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Michael Switzer [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Founded in 1910 just outside of the city limits of Gilbert located in Lanville County, Texas, the Chicken Ranch has for generations been known as the best whorehouse in Texas for its wholesome fun, strict moral code and cleanliness, all perpetuated by its original owner, Miss Wulla Jean. Seven years ago, Miss Wulla Jean passed on, leaving the Chicken Ranch to her favorite working girl, Miss Mona Stangley, who wants to keep the same traditions of Miss Wulla Jean. The Chicken Ranch has always had the unofficial blessing of the local authorities, who see the ranch providing an important community service, one which most in local authority have used at one time or another in their life. In fact, Miss Mona and Lanville County Sheriff Ed Earl Dodd have been in a relationship for years, Ed Earl who is Miss Mona's protector,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Secretary Is Not A Toy - How To Succeed In Business ... HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS WITHOUT REALLY TRYING - A SECRETARY IS NOT A TOY LYRICS [PAR] A Secretary Is Not A Toy Lyrics [PAR] How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying - A Secretary Is Not A Toy Lyrics [PAR] A secretary is not a toy, no, my boy, not a toy [PAR] To fondle and dandle and playfully handle [PAR] In search of some puerile joy [PAR] No, a secretary is not, definitely not a toy [PAR] You're absolutely right, Mr Bratt [PAR] We wouldn't have it any other way, Mr Bratt [PAR] It's a company rule, Mr Bratt [PAR] A secretary is not a toy, no, my boy, not a toy [PAR] So do not go jumping for joy, boy [PAR] A secretary is not, a secretary is not [PAR] A secretary is not a toy [PAR] A secretary is not a pet nor an Erector Set [PAR] It happened to Charlie McCoy, boy [PAR] They fired him like a shot [PAR] The day the fellow forgot a secretary is not a toy [PAR] She's a highly specialized key component [PAR] Of operational unity [PAR] A fine and sensitive mechanism [PAR] To serve the office community [PAR] With a mother at home she supports [PAR] And you'll find nothing like her at FAO Schwarz [PAR] A secretary is not to be used for play therapy [PAR] Be good to the girl you employ, boy [PAR] Remember no matter what neurotic trouble you've got [PAR] A secretary is not a toy [PAR] A secretary is not a thing [PAR] Wound by key, pulled by string [PAR] Her pad is to write in and not spend the night in [PAR] If that's what you plan to enjoy, no [PAR] The secretary you got is definitely not [PAR] Employed to do a gavotte or you know what [PAR] Before you jump for joy, remember this, my boy [PAR] A secretary is not a tinker toy[DOC] [TLE] Company Way, How to Succeed in Business, Robert Morse ... Company Way, How to Succeed in Business, Robert Morse - YouTube [PAR] Company Way, How to Succeed in Business, Robert Morse [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 2, 2008 [PAR] From the movie adaptation of the Broadway musical \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying.\" Very clean copy [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Funny Girl (1968) - IMDb Funny Girl (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The life of Fanny Brice , famed comedienne and entertainer of the early 1900s. We see her rise to fame as a Ziegfield girl, subsequent career and her personal life, particularly her relationship with Nick Arnstein. [PAR] Director: [PAR] William Wyler [PAR] Writers: [PAR] Isobel Lennart (book), Isobel Lennart (from the original story by: based on the play with) (as Miss Lennart) | 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 08 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 images [PAR] created 19 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Funny Girl \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 7 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Story of singer Fanny Brice's stormy relationship with showman Billy Rose. [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] Matchmaker Dolly Levi travels to Yonkers to find a partner for \"half-a-millionaire\" Horace Vandergelder, convincing his niece, his niece's intended, and his two clerks to travel to New York City along the way. [PAR] Director: Gene Kelly [PAR] A Jewish girl disguises herself as a boy to enter religious training. [PAR] Director: Barbra Streisand [PAR] A has-been rock star falls in love with a young, up-and-coming songstress. [PAR] Director: Frank Pierson [PAR] Two desperate people have a wonderful romance, but their political views and convictions drive them apart. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] Can a bickering odd couple in Manhattan become friends and maybe more? Owlish Felix is an unpublished writer who vents his frustration by reporting to the super that the woman in a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] Daisy Gamble, an unusual woman who hears phones before they ring, and does wonders with her flowers, wants to quit smoking to please her fianc\u00e9, Warren. She goes to a doctor of hypnosis to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Early twentieth century New York. Fanny Brice knows that she is a talented comedienne and singer. She also knows that she is not the beauty typical of the stage performers of the day, she with skinny legs and a crooked nose among other physical issues. So she knows she has to use whatever other means to get her break in show business, that break so that she can at least display her talents. With the help of Eddie Ryan who would become her friend, Fanny is able to get a part in a novelty act in a vaudeville show,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patti Lupone | The Stars | Broadway: The American Musical ... Patti Lupone | The Stars | Broadway: The American Musical | PBS [PAR] Tim Rice [PAR] Andrew Lloyd Webber [PAR] An actress and singer who left several well-known Hollywood and Broadway stars feeling bitterly disappointed and distraught when she won the role of Norma Desmond in Andrew Lloyd Webber\u2019s 1993 London production of \u201cSunset Boulevard.\u201d LuPone made her stage debut, tap dancing, at the age of four, and later took dancing classes with Martha Graham. She trained for the stage at the Juilliard School. where she met the actor Kevin Kline. A six-year personal relationship was supplemented by a joint association with John Housman\u2019s Actor\u2019s Company, which gave them both invaluable experience in the straight theater, and resulted in their appearance together \u2014 as the bride and bridegroom \u2014 in a short-lived Broadway musical, \u201cThe Robber Bridegroom\u201d (1975). After several other flops, including \u201cThe Baker\u2019s Wife\u201d (1976) and \u201cWorking\u201d (1978), LuPone won a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award for her performance in the leading role of \u201cEvita\u201d (1979) on Broadway, and stayed with the show \u201cuntil the strain of being obnoxious and dying from cancer every night got too much.\u201d She returned to serious theater in the provinces and had occasionally effective roles in movies such as 1941 and WITNESS. In 1985, LuPone moved to London and appeared first in \u201cThe Cradle Will Rock.\u201d In the same year, she became the first American actress and singer to gain a principal role with the Royal Shakespeare Company, in the hit musical \u201cLes Mis\u00e9rables.\u201d The names of both shows appeared on her 1985 Laurence Olivier Award. In complete contrast to those two roles, in 1986 she played Lady Bird Johnson in a U.S. miniseries based on the ex-president\u2019s life, and, a year later, was back on Broadway in an acclaimed revival of \u201cAnything Goes.\u201d [PAR] LuPone made her stage debut, tap dancing, at the age of four. [PAR] In the late \u201980s and early \u201990s LuPone had a major role in the popular U.S. situation comedy LIFE GOES ON, and experienced some difficulty breaking free from her contract when the call came from Lloyd Webber. She first played Norma Desmond at the composer\u2019s Sydmonton Festival in the summer of 1992. Declining the use of the book on stage, she learned the part and gave what was regarded as a \u201csensational\u201d performance. Soon afterward it became obvious that she had stolen the role of a lifetime from under the noses\u201d of bigger names such as Meryl Streep, Angela Lansbury, Liza Minnelli, and Julie Andrews. Sunset Boulevard\u201d opened in the West End in July 1993, and although LuPone enjoyed a personal triumph, her contract to take the show to Broadway was canceled, resulting in a payoff \u201cin the region of $1 million.\u201d During the remainder of the \u201990s LuPone appeared in New York in her own \u201cPatti LuPone on Broadway\u201d (1995) and as opera diva Maria Callas in Terrence McNally\u2019s \u201cMaster Class\u201d on Broadway (1996) and in London (1997). Early in 1999, she took her acclaimed new concert act, \u201cMatters of the Heart,\u201d to the Sydney Opera House, in Sydney, Australia. The eclectic program of original and contemporary music included works by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein, Randy Newman, and Cole Porter. [PAR] Source: Biographical information provided by MUZE. Excerpted from the ENCYCLOPEDIA OF POPULAR MUSIC, edited by Colin Larkin. \u00a9 2004 MUZE UK Ltd. [PAR] Photo credits: Photofest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lerner & Loewe's Road to Camelot | Playbill Lerner & Loewe's Road to Camelot | Playbill [PAR] Lerner & Loewe's Road to Camelot [PAR] Lerner & Loewe's Road to Camelot [PAR] Sep 29, 1996 [PAR] Romance and magic will be in the spotlight this holiday season, as the Walnut Theatre in Philadelophia presents a sparkling new production of the Broadway musical, Camelot. This classic Lerner and Loewe musical whisks the audience back to the glorious, mystical days of King Arthur, Lady Guenevere and the Knights of the Round Table. [PAR] Romance and magic will be in the spotlight this holiday season, as the Walnut Theatre in Philadelophia presents a sparkling new production of the Broadway musical, Camelot . This classic Lerner and Loewe musical whisks the audience back to the glorious, mystical days of King Arthur, Lady Guenevere and the Knights of the Round Table. [PAR] Director Charles Abbott explained his concept for the upcoming production, which runs Nov. 16 through Jan. 5: \"I plan to tell a classic story, almost a Shakespearean tale, with a little of Disney World, storybook charm for the magical moments,\" he said. \"It's a beautiful romance with moments of mysticism!\" [PAR] The veteran director of Walnut holiday shows, including The Wizard of Oz and Mame , said the tale of Arthur, Guenevere and Lancelot is \"the stuff of which legends are made.\" According to Abbott, there are two factors that contribute to Camelot's timeless appeal: Most obvious is Camelot's romantic aspect. The sheer romance of this musical can take your breath away. The characters are in love with each other for all the right reasons, Abbott said. [PAR] \"In the case of Lance and Guenevere, they attempt to deny their love because it is the correct thing to do, but their emotions get in the way.\" [PAR] The second, perhaps surprising, aspect of Camelot's appeal is political in nature. \"Our judicial system and government have their roots in Arthur's ideals of justice and honor,\" Abbott said. \"We've abandoned the 'eye for an eye' philosophy for honesty and logic.\" Camelot was the final Broadway collaboration for Alan Jay Lerner (1918-86) and Frederick Loewe (1904-88). [PAR] Loewe was gaining a reputation as a popular song writer in 1942 when he heard of Lerner's talent for lyrics. Loewe met Lerner at the Lamb's Club in New York that year and asked if he was interested in working with him. Lerner said yes, and thus began a partnership that would last 18 years. [PAR] Their first collaboration was The Life of the Party, a musical version of a 1920s comedy. It was slated for a New York engagement but closed during a Detroit try-out. Success eluded them again in 1943, with the failure of the Broadway show What's Up. [PAR] Undaunted, the two continued to work together. Their off-beat musical comedy The Day Before Spring ran for 176 performances in 1945. This won them a small group of fans who felt Lerner and Loewe were the only serious competition for Rodgers and Hammerstein. In 1947, the romantic fantasy Brigadoon established their reputation, winning the New York Critics Circle Award as Best Musical. [PAR] Lerner interrupted the partnership in 1948 to pen the book and lyrics for Kurt Weill's Love Life, which enjoyed a 30-week Broadway run. Hollywood filmmakers commissioned him to write the libretto for An American in Paris , the first film musical to win an Oscar. After contributing to the success of the films Royal Wedding and Brigadoon, Lerner rejoined Loewe in 1951 to write the musical Paint Your Wagon. [PAR] In 1956, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RAP & HIP-HOP CULTURE THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RAP & HIP-HOP CULTURE [PAR] The Social Significance of Rap & Hip-Hop Culture [PAR] Becky Blanchard [PAR] Poverty & Prejudice: Media and Race [PAR] \"Keep in mind when brothas start flexing the verbal skillz, [PAR] it always reflects what's going on politically, socially, [PAR] and economical/y.\" --Musician Davey D [PAR] In recent years, controversy surrounding rap music has been in the forefront of the American media. From the hype of the East Coast-West Coast rivalry that shadowed the murders of rappers Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. to the demonization of modem music in the wake of school shootings in Littleton, Colorado, it seems that political and media groups have been quick to place blame on rap for a seeming trend in youth violence. however, though critics are quick to point out the violent lyrics of some rappers, they are missing the point of rap's message. Rap, like other forms of music, cannot be understood unless it is studied without the frame of its historical and social context. Today's rap music reflects its origin in the hip-hop culture of young, urban, working-class African-Americans, its roots in the African oral tradition, its function as the voice of an otherwise underrepresented group, and, as its popularity has grown, its commercialization and appropriation by the music industry. [PAR] Hip-hop music is generally considered to have been pioneered in New York's South Bronx in 1973 by Jamaican-born Kool DJ Herc. At a Halloween dance party thrown by his younger sister, Herc used an innovative turntable technique to stretch a song's drum break by playing the break portion of two identical records consecutively. The popularity of the extended break lent its name to \"breakdancing\"--a style specific to hip-hop culture, which was facilitated by extended drumbreaks played by DJs at New York dance parties. By the mid-1970s, New York's hip-hop scene was dominated by seminal turntablists DJ Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa, and Herc. The rappers of Sugarhill Gang produced hip-hop's first commercially successful hit, \"Rapper's Delight,\" in 1979'. [PAR] Rap itself--the rhymes spoken over hip-hop music--began as a commentary on the ability--or \"skillz\"--of a particular DJ while that DJ was playing records at a hip-hop event. MCs, the forerunners of today's rap artists, introduced DJs and their songs and often recognized the presence of friends in the audience at hip-hop performances. Their role was carved out by popular African-American radio disc jockeys in New York during the latel96Os, who introduced songs and artists with spontaneous rhymes. The innovation of MCs caught the attention of hip-hop fans. Their rhymes lapped over from the transition period between the end of one song and the introduction of the next to the songs themselves. Their commentaries moved solely from a DJ's skillz to their own personal experiences and stories. The role of MCs in performances rose steadily, and they began to be recognized as artists in their own right2. [PAR] The local popularity of the rhythmic music served by DJs at dance parties and clubs, combined with an increase in \"b-boys\"--breakdancers--and graffiti artists and the growing importance of MCs, created a distinctive culture known as hip-hop. For the most part, hip-hop culture was defined and embraced by young, urban, working-class African-Americans. Hip-hop music originated from a combination of traditionally African-American forms of music--including jazz, soul, gospel, and reggae. It was created by working-class African-Americans, who, like Herc, took advantage of available tools--vinyl records and turntables--to invent a new form of music that both expressed and shaped the culture of black New York City youth in the 1970s."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camelot the Musical Camelot the Musical [PAR] George Gershwin Theatre - Opened 21 Jun 1993, closed 7 Aug 1993 [PAR] What was your favourite production? Add your thoughts in the comments box [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Young King Arthur is worried about his upcoming arranged marriage to Guenevere, whom he has never met. Merlyn the Magician persuades him to accept his new bride, but Arthur still reluctantly hides in the woods, pondering what his subjects think of him (\u201cI Wonder What the King Is Doing Tonight\u201d). Guenevere arrives in the woods and Arthur overhears her also doubting her wedding, preferring instead to maintain the \u201cSimple Joys of Maidenhood.\u201d [PAR] Arthur introduces himself as \u201cWart\u201d (his childhood nickname), and extols the virtues of \u201cCamelot\u201d to Guenevere. She is charmed by his appearance and demeanour, and they nearly share a kiss, before his servants arrive and reveal him as King Arthur. She agrees to marry him without reservations. Meanwhile, Merlyn is beginning to die and worries that he has forgotten to warn Arthur about Mordred and Lancelot, who will prove to be his undoing. [PAR] Arthur alongside Guenevere decides to create a new order of knights who will be dedicated to virtue rather than looting. They will be called the Knights of the Round Table and they soon become legendary throughout the lands. A young, arrogant Frenchman named Lancelot arrives seeking to join the order, as he believes himself to be the bravest knight in the world (\u201cC\u2019est Moi\u201d). The Queen has organized a May Day celebration (\u201cThe Lusty Month of May\u201d), where she meets Lancelot and instantly dislikes him. [PAR] Lancelot soon makes enemies of most of the knights, and three challenge him to a duel. He manages to defeat them all and wins over the favour of the crowd. Guinevere too finds herself attracted to him despite her love for Arthur. Lancelot too is torn between the beautiful Queen and his duty to the King. Unbeknownst to them, Arthur has picked up on their mutual attraction but decides not to do anything to upset the order of the Round Table. [PAR] Years pass, and Guenevere and Lancelot still struggle with their unrequited love (\u201cIf Ever I Would Leave You\u201d). Arthur\u2019s illegitimate son, Mordred, arrives in Camelot, determined to take over the kingdom and destroy the Round Table. Arthur and Guenevere begin to tire of the difficulty running a kingdom (\u201cWhat Do the Simple Folk Do?\u201d), whilst the knights are growing sick of their virtuous lives (\u201cFie on Goodness!\u201d). Mordred uses their malaise to turn them against Arthur. [PAR] Lancelot is unable to resist the Queen any longer and visits her bedchamber at night (\u201cI Loved You Once in Silence\u201d). They kiss passionately before being interrupted by Mordred and some of the knights who arrest them both for treason. Lancelot manages to escape, but Guenevere is tried and sentenced to be burned at the stake. Arthur is torn between saving his kingdom and saving the love of his life. He watches as Lancelot manages to rescue his queen just before she is burned to death. [PAR] Arthur reluctantly realises he must fight Lancelot for the sake of his kingdom, and Camelot is torn apart by the resulting civil war. Before the final battle, he meets Guenevere and Lancelot alone. Their relationship has fallen apart, and they both agree to face justice in England. Arthur refuses and forgives them. Guenevere departs for a convent, while Lancelot returns to his troops. Heartbroken, Arthur comes across a young boy who has travelled to Camelot to become a knight of the Round Table. Moved"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Annie Warbucks | Variety Annie Warbucks | Variety [PAR] Print [PAR] August 10, 1993 | 12:00AM PT [PAR] At long last, \"Annie Warbucks\" alights in Manhattan, a small miracle given the fact that this famously troubled show has been killed once, orphaned twice and has boasted three Annies since its debut in January 1990 as \"Annie 2: Miss Hannigan's Revenge,\" a musical fondly remembered for its legendary badness. [PAR] At long last, \u201cAnnie Warbucks\u201d alights in Manhattan, a small miracle given the fact that this famously troubled show has been killed once, orphaned twice and has boasted three Annies since its debut in January 1990 as \u201cAnnie 2: Miss Hannigan\u2019s Revenge,\u201d a musical fondly remembered for its legendary badness. [PAR] \u201cAnnie Warbucks\u201d is an infinitely better show than \u201cMiss Hannigan\u2019s Revenge.\u201d It has charm (though not nearly as much as the original \u201cAnnie\u201d in 1977), several good songs from Martin Charnin and Charles Strouse and \u2014 the real miracle in this production, which has been downsized from a $ 5.5 million Broadway promise to a $ 1 million Off Broadway reality \u2014 simply beautiful, elegant settings by Ming Cho Lee that unfold like origami. [PAR] At 2 1/2 hours, it still runs too long for the target family audience, especially in the first act, and no one would miss the 20 minutes it could easily lose. Conversely, Thomas Meehan\u2019s book, though much improved, has the staccato sound of a piece that has been endlessly cut, patched and rewritten (which, of course, it has). [PAR] In Kathryn Zaremba, this sequel has a good, though only good, Annie. She\u2019s cute and blessed with a sturdy, attractive voice, but she has to fake Annie\u2019s charisma and she\u2019s completely unformed as an actress. Such artlessness can be a virtue, especially in child actors; here, however, it leaves a noticeable hole in the proceedings. [PAR] Happily, that hole is amply filled by most of the adult cast, starting with Harve Presnell\u2019s Oliver \u201cDaddy\u201d Warbucks. [PAR] It\u2019s Christmas morning, 1933; Warbucks\u2019 adoption of Annie seems complete, and a holiday celebration is under way. But the festivities are interrupted by New York City child welfare commissioner Harriet Doyle, a comic villainess easily the rival of Miss Hannigan and played with shlumpy, grumpy relish by Alene Robertson. She directs Daddy to find a wife within 60 days or it\u2019s back to the orphanage for Annie. [PAR] The obvious choice is right under Warbucks\u2019 nose, in the person of his young, attractive secretary Grace (Marguerite MacIntyre). To press the point, Annie and the service staff, headed by the fine butler Drake (a smooth Kip Niven), sing \u201cThat\u2019s the Kind of Woman.\u201d [PAR] Daddy, however, is convinced he\u2019s too old for Grace, explaining why in the lovely \u201cA Younger Man.\u201d Eventually, he falls \u2014 or thinks he falls \u2014 for the more seasoned Sheila Kelly, and who wouldn\u2019t? She\u2019s played by Donna McKechnie in a gleeful comic turn and she\u2019s a revelation, particularly in her mean, rousing duet with the commish. [PAR] Before the show wends its way to a completely predictable ending, Annie will have learned about love from a family of sharecroppers in Tennessee (all awfully played), helped FDR (Raymond Thorne) create the Tennessee Valley Authority, and brought her pals from the orphanage (a pitifully underpopulated group) aboard the Staten Island Ferry for a wedding party, where they and the grownups have a terrific dance number in \u201cAll Dolled Up.\u201d And Grace will have delivered the musical\u2019s sole standout number, the torchy \u201cIt Would Have Been Wonderful.\u201d [PAR] This is a show that gives away its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Museums & Galleries - Swansea City Centre Museums & Galleries [PAR] Museums & Galleries [PAR] You are here: Home / Things to Do / Museums & Galleries [PAR] Museums & Galleries [PAR] Rich in art and culture, Swansea City Centre offers a good selection of museums and galleries, guaranteed to fascinate and entertain visitors. Furthermore, many of the facilities offer free admission. [PAR] The National Waterfront Museum is designed to celebrate Welsh history, culture and achievement. The museum tells the story of industry and innovation in Wales, now and during the last 300 years. The facility combines interactive computer technology and impressive visual displays to tell how Wales\u2019 industrial and maritime heritage has played its role in shaping today\u2019s economy and society. It is an essential destination for any visitor to Swansea City Centre. [PAR] Swansea Museum is the oldest in Wales, which was opened in 1841, and it now managed by the City & County of Swansea. The Museum is a real treasure house of Swansea\u2019s past and present, and is a focus for the future of the city and its people, as well as providing a visitor experience that\u2019s sure not to disappoint. [PAR] The Dylan Thomas Centre is now the focal point for a celebration of the world famous poet\u2019s life and work, and home to the annual Dylan Thomas Festival. This splendid building was named after on of Swansea\u2019s most famous sons and is home to a permanent exhibition on his life. Aside from the collection and exhibition, there is also a shop that offers books, posters and memorabilia available for purchase. [PAR] The Glynn Vivian Art Gallery is currently closed to the public as preparations are underway for a multi-million pound redevelopment project. This major project will create a new and exciting visitor experience and bring the attraction into the 21st century, whilst conserving the original character of the 1911 building and improving access for all. To find out more about the project click here . [PAR] Whilst the Gallery is closed the Glynn Vivian will present an exciting programme of exhibitions and events at different venues in Swansea, whilst lively learning activities continue at the YMCA . When the gallery re-opens it will contain a broad spectrum of visual arts including traditional and modern painting, and sculpture. The gallery will include work by Old Masters and offers a sharp, contemporary overview of modern arts. [PAR] Other galleries in the City Centre include the Attic Gallery which is Wales\u2019 longest established private gallery. It was founded in 1962 to highlight the work of contemporary artists working in Wales, and is situated in the Maritime Quarter. [PAR] We also have the Mission Gallery also located at the Maritime Quarter which is a unique arts venues that shows the very best in the visual arts and craft in one of the most distinctive, and best adapted, spaces for the arts in Wales. It also offers a stimulating programme of contemporary visual art and craft, in a beautiful exhibition and gallery space. [PAR] You\u2019ll also love visiting the Ocean gallery on Oxford Street and the volunteer run Elysium Gallery on Mansel Street, which are both conveniently located in the heart of Swansea City Centre. [PAR] This post is also available in: Welsh [PAR] Search[DOC] [TLE] Exhibitions | Glynn Vivian Art Gallery: blog Exhibitions | Glynn Vivian Art Gallery: blog [PAR] Glynn Vivian Art Gallery: blog [PAR] Exhibitions [PAR] The Glynn Vivian\u2019s Offsite Exhibitions programme includes work by emerging and established artists based in Swansea and Wales, together with internationally renowned artists. [PAR] To view our current"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corfu guide | In depth info about the Greek island of Corfu Corfu guide | In depth info about the Greek island of Corfu [PAR] Gallery [PAR] A little bit about Corfu [PAR] Corfu is the second largest of the Ionian islands behind Kefalonia It is often known as K\u00e9rkyra in Greek and that is also the name of the main town. [PAR] Corfu was a strategic position in Europe for many years and was heavily fortified, that\u2019s why there are many castles on the island. It was ruled by the Venetian republic for 5 centuries up until 1797 so many of the islands buildings have a Venetian feel to them, particularly the main town of Kerkyra. [PAR] Corfu has something for everyone, from nature reserves to all night parties, beautiful beaches and historical sites are also in abundance here. [PAR] Getting to Corfu [PAR] As Corfu is the closest island to the UK it\u2019s also a very popular one so expect to find an abundance of flights from your nearest international airport, we found 16 airports in the UK flying direct to Corfu so you should find it easy to get a flight to suit you. Flight time is around 3 hours so by the time you\u2019ve taken off, had an overpriced drink, played a couple of games on your phone and queued for the toilet it\u2019ll probably be time to land again. [PAR] Current Weather in Corfu [PAR] \u00b0 [PAR] Weather from OpenWeatherMap [PAR] Take a look at the current Corfu weather above or the climate info below showing average high, low and sea temperatures as well as average rainfall per month and hours of sunshine per day. [PAR] When to go to Corfu [PAR] The best time to visit Corfu is from late April to early September, it rains more in Corfu as it\u2019s more northern than the other Greek islands that are hotter and dryer. [PAR] June to August offers the highest temperatures and minimal rain so if you like it hot that\u2019s the time for you. Just remember that these months are also the busiest and most expensive times to go to Corfu. [PAR] Top 3 resorts in Corfu [PAR] Below are the 3 resorts in Corfu that cover a large portion of the people travelling to the island. If you\u2019re wanting to party then you head for Kavos, if you want nightlife but not too crazy then go for Sidari, if you want a little more culture then Kerkyra is the place for you. Click on each of the headings to go to that page and find out more about that particular resort. [PAR] Kerkyra [PAR] Couples, Families, Greek Dancing, Harbour, Historical Sites, Karaoke, Live Music, Night Clubs, Picturesque, Plenty of Hotels, Popular, Traditional, Variety of Nightlife [PAR] Kerkyra or Corfu town is roughly in the centre of the east coast and just a couple of kilometers from the airport, it's the... [PAR] Full Corfu resort guide [PAR] From the low key villages of Gouvia or Agios Stephanos to the more lively Sidari, Kerkyra or the booze fueled intensity of Kavos there\u2019s something for everyone in Corfu. [PAR] Click the button below to be taken to a filterable list of all the resorts in Corfu where you can figure out the best place to base your holiday. [PAR] Corfu Resort Guide [PAR] Corfu has over 200km of coast line so if you can\u2019t find a bit of beach to enjoy relaxing on whilst on the island then you\u2019re probably not looking hard enough. It doesn\u2019t matter if your based in the north,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Concorde - Pepsi Cola Model Private & Civilian $184.5 ... Concorde - Pepsi Cola Model Private & Civilian $194.5 Modelbuffs Custom Made Mahogany Models [PAR] Fedex International Economy (3-4 Days Delivery) [PAR] Priority Option [PAR] Fedex International Priority (2-3 Days Delivery) [PAR] Final Shipping Price - USD [PAR] Philpost Air Parcel option is also available (14-21 days trackable), please email sales@modelbuffs.com to get a quote. Shipping via Air Parcel is normally up to 50% lower than the FedEx cost. [PAR] Our website does not currently allow for multiple orders of the same model or discounted shipping for more than one model. If you require more than one model of the same type or multiple models please email us first on sales@modelbuffs.com , and we will email you PayPal request showing the reduced shipping charges. [PAR] FOR MORE INFORMATION ON CUSTOMIZED MODELS PLEASE CLICK HERE [PAR] Model Specific Information [PAR] The Concorde above is also available from ModelBuffs in any major airline colors at no extra cost. Just specify in the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdRemarks/Suggestions\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd box when ordering the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdStandard Model \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwhich airline colors you require. If you require a fully cstomized model including the base please select the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdCustomized\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd option upon checkout and give full details on the accompanying form. Delivery for standard and customizable models 2-3 weeks. [PAR] As its market shares were eroding on the soft drinks market, the US company Pepsi Cola undertook a major re-branding project of $500 million US which would be unveiled in 1996 after about two years of work. Pepsi therefore started to look around for a spectacular and efficient manner to advertise its new brand style and enhance its sales. It was eventually decided to have an advertisement operation involving the Concorde. Pepsi started requesting proposals from both Air France (AF) and British Airways (BA), the sole two Sud Aviation/BAC Concorde operators. Eventually, the French carrier was awarded the contract (of which terms were not disclosed). [PAR] Because the new identity of Pepsi was based on the color blue, the aircraft would have to be painted alike. Therefore the Air France maintenance staff had to call Aerospatiale (successor of Sud Aviation) as the airplane, for which temperature is so important, was only certified with a white color scheme. They received approval to paint the fuselage in blue, but were advised to keep the wings in white (because of the fuel temperature). [PAR] It was advised to remain at M2.02 for about 20 minutes at most, but there was no restriction under M1.70. This was not a concern for Air France as the aircraft was not due to operate any scheduled flight to New York \u201a John F. Kennedy (JFK) or any such long sector. [PAR] A part of the preparation included the constitution of a maintenance package, necessary handling tools and ground equipment, etc., as for any unscheduled Concorde operation. [PAR] Air France required its name to be kept close to the cockpit, as well as the seahorse despite the Pepsi scheme. This is a usual requirement from the airline, which was for the occasion very important as Concorde was due to be presented in British Airways\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd backyard. [PAR] The Concorde registered F-BTSD (c/n 213) was selected for maintenance availability reasons. The paint work was started in late March 1996 at the Air France maintenance facility of Paris \u201a Orly (ORY), where all airplanes go after their D-check to get a new livery. It required 200 liters of paint and 2,000 hours of work. [PAR] The whole operation was to be undertaken secretly, as Pepsi wanted to keep all the surprise for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London underground source of new insect forms - gene London underground source of new insect forms [PAR] London underground source of new insect forms [PAR] To: Ban-GEF@lists.txinfinet.com, GENTECH@ping.de [PAR] Subject: London underground source of new insect forms [PAR] From: MichaelP <papadop@PEAK.ORG> [PAR] Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1998 06:51:16 -0700 (PDT) [PAR] Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII [PAR] Resent-Message-ID: <\"99waf.A.i_E.NTB51\"@data.free.de> [PAR] Resent-Sender: gentech-request@data.free.de [PAR] London Times August 26 1998 A NEW species of mosquito is evolving on the London Underground in a development that has astonished scientists. The insects are believed to be the descendants of mosquitoes which colonised the tunnels a hundred years ago when the Tube was being dug. When they went below ground they were bird-biting pests. But over a century, deprived of their normal diet, the mosquitoes have evolved new feeding behaviour, dining on mammals including rats and mice - and human beings. They now plague maintenance workers. Kate Byne and Richard Nichols of Queen Mary and Westfield College in London have carried out tests to see if the Tube's mosquitoes, which have been named molestus, are now different from Culex pipiens, the bird-biting species which entered the Underground last century. To their amazement they found that it was almost impossible to mate those living above ground with those in the subterranean world, indicating that the genetic differences are now so great that the ones underground are well on their way to becoming a separate species. This usually happens only when species are isolated for thousands rather than tens of years. The team, whose findings are reported in BBC Wildlife magazine today, have also found genetic differences between mosquitoes on different Tube lines. They believe this is due to the draughts dispersing the insects along but not between lines. During the Second World War the insects attacked Londoners sheltering from Hitler's bombs. Roz Kidman Cox, the magazine editor, said: \"It's a remarkable story of evolution. The scientists say that the differences between the above and below-ground forms are as great as if the species had been separated for thousands of years.\" The conditions on the Underground are probably ideal for mosquitoes to breed rapidly and frequently throughout the year. Temperatures can be balmy and the network is prone to penetration by water creating pools of stagnant water for breeding. There are more than 1,600 varieties of mosquitoes which live from the Arctic tundra to the tropical rain forests. ** NOTICE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. **[DOC] [TLE] New London underground mosquitoes emerge - BBC News BBC News | Europe | New London underground mosquitoes emerge [PAR] Wednesday, August 26, 1998 Published at 07:45 GMT 08:45 UK [PAR] World: Europe [PAR] New London underground mosquitoes emerge [PAR] Scientists believe they have discovered a new breed of mosquito deep in the London underground railway network. [PAR] The insects appear to have mutated from the bird-biting form that colonised the underground when it was built in the last century to a variety that nips rats, mice and maintenance workers. [PAR] The scientists say the underground mosquitoes are reluctant to mate with their outdoor cousins, indicating that they have become a separate species -- a process that normally takes thousands of years rather than decades. [PAR] From the newsroom of the BBC World Service"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Venice is like eating an entire box of chocolate liqueurs ... Venice is like eating an entire box of chocolate liqueurs in one go. ... by Truman Capote [PAR] Please sign-up for my Free Inspirational Daily Email on the form below. [PAR] Sign-up for your free subscription to my Daily Inspiration - Daily Quote email. [PAR] Your E-Mail Address: [PAR] Your Name: [PAR] To confirm your subscription, you must click on a link in the email being sent to you. [PAR] Each email contains an unsubscribe link. We will NEVER sell, rent, loan, or abuse your email address in ANY way. [PAR] would be precisely like a novel , [PAR] with a single difference: Every word of it would be [PAR] true from beginning to end. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] A conversation is a dialogue, not a monologue. [PAR] That's why there are so few good conversations: [PAR] due to scarcity, [PAR] two intelligent talkers seldom meet. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] To me, the greatest pleasure of writing is not what it's about, [PAR] but the inner music that words make. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] When God hands you a gift, he also hands you a whip; [PAR] and the whip is intended for self-flagellation solely. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Mick Jagger is about as sexy as a pissing toad. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Love is a chain of love as nature is a chain of life. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Well, I'm about as tall as a shotgun, [PAR] and just as noisy. [PAR] That isn't writing at all, it's typing. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] No one will ever know what 'In Cold Blood' took out of me. [PAR] It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. [PAR] It nearly killed me. [PAR] I think, in a way, it did kill me. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Friendship is a pretty full-time occupation if you [PAR] really are friendly with somebody. [PAR] You can't have too many friends because then you're just not really friends. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Life is a moderately good play [PAR] with a badly written third act. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] I can see every monster as they come in. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] The quietness of his tone italicized the malice of his reply. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Fame is only good for one thing - they will cash your check in a small town. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] I was eleven, then I was sixteen. [PAR] Though no honors came my way, those were the lovely years. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] I like to talk on TV about those things that aren't worth writing about. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Failure is the condiment that gives success its flavor. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] I believe more in the scissors than I do in the pencil. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Writing has laws of perspective, of light and shade just as painting does, [PAR] or music. [PAR] If you are born knowing them, fine. [PAR] If not, learn them. [PAR] Then rearrange the rules to suit yourself. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] My major regret in life is that my childhood was unnecessarily lonely. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] Finishing a book is just like you took a child out [PAR] in the back yard and shot it. [PAR] - Truman Capote [PAR] It is the want to know the end that makes us believe in God, [PAR] or witchcraft, believe, at least,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How the Channel Tunnel Was Built and Designed How the Channel Tunnel Was Built and Designed [PAR] Updated December 04, 2015. [PAR] What Is the Channel Tunnel? [PAR] The Channel Tunnel, often called the Chunnel, is a railway tunnel that lies underneath the water of the English Channel and connects the island of Great Britain with mainland France. The Channel Tunnel , completed in 1994, is considered one of the most amazing engineering feats of the 20th century. [PAR] Dates: Officially opened on May 6, 1994 [PAR] Also Known As: The Chunnel, the Euro Tunnel [PAR] Overview of the Channel Tunnel: [PAR] For centuries, crossing the English Channel via boat or ferry had been considered a miserable task. The often inclement weather and choppy water could make even the most seasoned traveler seasick. It is perhaps not surprising then that as early as 1802 plans were being made for an alternate route across the English Channel. [PAR] Early Plans [PAR] This first plan, made by French engineer Albert Mathieu Favier, called for a tunnel to be dug under the water of the English Channel. This tunnel was to be large enough for horse-drawn carriages to travel through. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Although Favier was able to get the backing of French leader Napoleon Bonaparte , the British rejected Favier's plan. (The British feared, perhaps correctly, that Napoleon wanted to build the tunnel in order to invade England.) [PAR] Over the next two centuries, others created plans to connect Great Britain with France. Despite progress made on a number of these plans, including actual drilling, they all eventually fell through. Sometimes the reason was political discord, other times is was financial problems. Still other times it was Britain's fear of invasion. All of these factors had to be solved before the Channel Tunnel could be built. [PAR] A Contest [PAR] In 1984, French president Francois Mitterrand and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher jointly agreed that a link across the English Channel would be mutually beneficial. However, both governments realized that although the project would create much needed jobs, neither country's government could fund such a massive project. Thus, they decided to hold a contest. [PAR] This contest invited companies to submit their plans to create a link across the English Channel. As part of the contest's requirements, the submitting company was to provide a plan to raise the needed funds to build the project, have the ability to operate the proposed Channel link once the project was completed, and the proposed link must be able to endure for at least 120 years. [PAR] Ten proposals were submitted, including various tunnels and bridges. Some of the proposals were so outlandish in design that they were easily dismissed; others would be so expensive that they were unlikely to ever be completed. The proposal that was accepted was the plan for the Channel Tunnel, submitted by the Balfour Beatty Construction Company (this later became Transmanche Link). [PAR] The Design for the Channel Tunnels [PAR] The Channel Tunnel was to be made up of two, parallel railway tunnels that would be dug under the English Channel. Between these two railway tunnels would run a third, smaller tunnel that would be used for maintenance, including drainage pipes, communication cables, drainage pipes, etc. [PAR] Each of the trains that would run through the Chunnel would be able to hold cars and trucks. This would enable personal vehicles to go through the Channel Tunnel without having individual drivers face such a long, underground drive. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Styles and Titles in England and Great Britain Royal Styles and Titles in England and Great Britain [PAR] Royal Styles and Titles in England and Great Britain [PAR] Contents [PAR] styles and titles in the British royal family [PAR] England (to 1707) [PAR] William II (1087) was the first to introduce the consistent use of the style N Dei Gratia Rex Anglorum. Under king John the phrase changed on the royal seal from \"king of the English\" to Rex Anglie, \"king of England\" [PAR] His successors would add other titles over time: Henry I added dux Normannorum (duke of Normandy) in 1121, Henry II added dux Aquitanorum et comes Andegavorum (duke of Aquitaine and count of Anjou) in 1154 (see the seal of Richard I with the legend \"Ricardus Dei gratia rex anglorum\" on the obverse and \"Richardus dux Normannorum et Aquitanorum comes Andegavorum\" on the reverse). [PAR] Lord/King of Ireland [PAR] In 1199, John added dominus Hiberniae (lord of Ireland, a title he held since 1177, perhaps by virtue of a bull of Pope Hadrian II of 1155 giving Henry II permission to subdue Ireland so that \"illius terrae populas te recipiat et sicut dominum veneretur\"). The style dominus Hyberniae had been used in a royal council by Henry I in his 33d year (Parry 1839, 12). Under John the royal seal bore the legend : \"Iohannes Dei Gratia Rex Anglie Dominus Hibernie | Ioh's Dux Normannie et Aqitannie Comes Andegavie.\" [PAR] By Irish statute of 1542 , Henry VIII became king of Ireland. [PAR] The French possessions [PAR] England was conquered by a duke of Normandy in 1066. Although Normandy and England were initially separated after the Conqueror's death in 1086, they were reunited by force under king Henry I in 1106. After Henry's death the succession was disputed between his daughter Maud and his nephew Stephen. Maud's husband count Geoffrey of Anjou wrestled away Normandy and gave it to his son Henry Plantagenet, who eventually succeeded Stephen in 1154 and reunited again Normandy and England unde rone ruler Also, being the husband since 1152 of Alienor duchess of Aquitaine, he considerably enlarged the French holdings of the English kings. Over the next two centuries, however, the French kings successfully pared down the Angevin empire to a sliver of land along the Atlantic coast around Bordeaux by 1339. [PAR] The biggest single loss was sustained in 1204, afterPhilip II Augustus of France declared king John of England, his vassal as duke of Normandy and count of Anjou, a rebel (April 28, 1202), and confiscated his lands. Neither John nor his son and successor Henry III were able to reverse the loss, which was formally accepted by the king of England at the treaty of Paris. [PAR] The details of the process by which the treaty was drawn up by plenipotentiaries in 1258 and ratified over the course of 1259 are given in Chaplais (1952). In short, the ratifications were dated Oct. 13, 1259 for the king of England and October 1259 for the king of France, although the treaty did not take effect, according to its clauses, until Henry III gave homage in person to Louis IX as duke of Aquitaine, in Paris on December 4, 1259. Henry III had a new seal cut, with his new style, in late July or August 1259, and it was used to seal documents sent to France, but not elsewhere, until after the homage of December 4. Henry III gave orders on Dec. 7 that his new style should be used in his chancery, although (since he had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hoverspeed Fast Ferries - Europe for Visitors Hoverspeed Fast Ferries [PAR] The Hovercraft: End of an Era [PAR] Archived Article [PAR] ABOVE: Hoverspeed's Princess Anne carried 396 passengers and 53 cars between Dover and Calais in 35 minutes. [PAR] On October 1, 2000, Hoverspeed ended more than 32 years of cross-Channel ferry service by hovercraft. The retirement of its two SRN4 Mark III hovercraft, the Princess Margaret and the newer Princess Anne (see photo), completed Hoverspeed's transitition to a Seacat- and Superseacat-based catamaran ferry service. [PAR] The following archived article, which was written to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Princess Margaret in 1998, describes what it was like to travel from Dover to Calais by hovercraft. [PAR] By Durant Imboden [PAR] I [PAR] n July, 1998, Hoverspeed Fast Ferries celebrated 30 years of service by its first commercial hovercraft, the Princess Margaret (a sister to the Princess Anne, shown above). Both SRN4 Mark III craft remain the largest hovercraft in the world, and they continue to offer frequent daily service on the English Channel's Dover-Calais route. [PAR] If you've never traveled by hovercraft, you're missing a unique experience. You drive or walk aboard, then settle into an airline-style seat in one of the two passenger cabins that flank the vehicle deck. The car hatches are closed, the four 3,800-hp gas turbines rev up, and air fills the rubber skirts beneath the craft.. Moments later, four huge propellers send the craft blasting across the English Channel at more than 50 knots (58 mph or 98 km/h). [PAR] You can read a free newspaper, have a cup of coffee, and have duty-free goods delivered to your seat during the brief \"flight\" (as hovercraft journeys are called). When the channel is rough, you may feel a bit of chop despite the 3m/10-foot air cushion that separates the hovercraft from the water. This shouldn't be a cause for alarm--the craft are approved for operation in 50-knot winds and 3.5-meter or 11.5-foot waves. [PAR] As you approach the French or English coast, you may experience a moment of alarm as the hovercraft continues to speed ahead in a torrent of spray. But the craft makes a seamless transition from water to land, settling onto the concrete pad of the hoverport after its dramatic arrival. Elapsed time: 35 minutes, making Hoverspeed the fastest connection between England and France. [PAR] Hovercraft meets Seacat [PAR] Since 1991, Hoverspeed Fast Ferries has supplemented its hovercraft with fast catamarans. [PAR] Dover-Calais. The Seacat Isle of Man crosses the channel in 50 minutes, carrying up to 573 passengers and 85 cars. [PAR] Dover-Ostend. Two state-of-the-art catamarans, the Rapide and the Diamant, traverse this 152-year-old route between England and Belgium in just under two hours. The 81-meter or 266-foot boats feature computerized ride control and carry 674 passengers with 155 cars. [PAR] Folkstone-Boulogne. The Seacat Great Britain covers this route in 55 minutes. (In 1990, the Great Britain captured the Hales Trophy for the fastest transatlantic sea crossing with a time of 3 days 7 hours 57 minutes. The previous record, set by the S.S. United States, had been unbeaten since 1952.) [PAR] Newhaven-Dieppe. This newer route has two to three crossings a day, with the journey taking two hours. The Superseacat hauls up to 700 passengers and 175 vehicles across the Channel at speeds exceeding 40 knots. [PAR] Hovercraft background reading[DOC] [TLE] Ferry Fantastic: S. R. N. 4 'Mountbatten Class' Hovercraft Ferry Fantastic: S. R. N. 4 'Mountbatten Class' Hovercraft [PAR] The Princess Anne & [PAR] The Princess Margaret [PAR] Registered with the Civil Aviation Authority as 'GH-2006',"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angel of the North (1998) - Antony Gormley - A Unit of ... Angel of the North (1998) - Antony Gormley - A Unit of Work for Grade 5 [PAR] Antony Gormley - A Unit of Work for Grade 5 [PAR] Gallery [PAR] \"Is it possible to make a work with purpose in a time that demands doubt? I wanted to make an object that would be a focus of hope at a painful time of transition for the people of the north-east, abandoned in the gap between the industrial and the information ages.\" - Antony Gormley [PAR] Angel of the North (1998) [PAR] Angel of the North (1998) is another major work which is well-known and recognisable. This artwork will be the feature of the second art appreciation and art practice lessons as part of this unit of work. The sculpture is made of steel on a concrete base. The body of the angel is hollow, and is 10 times life-size, or 20 metres high. It is located near the A1 motorway near Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. [PAR] The site on which the sculpture was erected is of the Lower Tyne Colliery following its closure. The closure of this coal mine represents the end of the industrial age in Britain, and the beginning of a new era. For this reason, Gormley created this angel as a symbol of hope for a region in transition. He argues that the sculpture is a witness to the thousands of men who worked beneath it in the closed mine. [PAR] The sculpture necessarily needed to be large so that it may have an impact in a valley that is wide and expansive, and seen by people driving past on the motorway at high speeds. [PAR] Antony Gormley official website (2012). Retrieved April 3, 2012 from http://www.antonygormley.com [PAR] \u2715"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Switzerland Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols ... Switzerland Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Ethnicity: German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6% [PAR] GDP total: $362.4 billion (2012 est.) [PAR] GDP per capita: $54,600 (2012 est.) [PAR] Language: German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 2.8% [PAR] note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and official languages [PAR] Largest Cities: (by population) Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Bern, Lausanne [PAR] Name: Switzerland's name comes from the German derivative Suito and the Schwyz canton in the central part of the country [PAR] National Day: August 1 [PAR] Religion: Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Muslim 4.3%, Orthodox 1.8%, other Christian 0.4%, other 1%, unspecified 4.3%, none 11.1%"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glasgow 1990 European City of Culture | Dr Beatriz Garc\u00eda Glasgow 1990 European City of Culture | Dr Beatriz Garc\u00eda [PAR] Glasgow 1990 European City of Culture [PAR] November 21, 2002 [PAR] Cities and Culture Project: Understanding the Long-term Legacies of Glasgow 1990, European City of Culture [PAR] From January 2002 to December 2005, Dr Beatriz Garcia was the principal investigator of a research project on Cities and Culture, using Glasgow 1990 European City of Culture as a case study. The research was conducted at the Centre for Cultural Policy Research , University of Glasgow, with support from Matthew Reason (research assistant), Nicola Sneddon (CCPR Information and Resources Administrator), Adrienne Scullion (CCPR Academic Director) and Christine Hamilton (CCPR Director). [PAR] The main premise for the Cities and Culture project was a recognition of the predominance of the city as a cultural centre and the trend (emerging throughout the 1990s and fully established by 2004) to place the arts and culture at the heart of urban development. In particular, the project was set to explore the nature and effects of emerging bridges between areas such as urban regeneration, place marketing, city tourism and cultural policy. [PAR] The academic dedication to exploring these bridges was not exclusive to the CCPR. However, up to 2002, much of the existing research focused on studying their economic dimensions and short-term effects, while overlooking the analysis of potential long-term cultural and social legacies. The Cities and Culture project was designed precisely to address this caveat: a key focus of the research was the sustainability of cultural investment in cities. [PAR] The project was designed to co-ordinate a variety of academic disciplines and test new research methodologies. As such, it incorporated approaches to research drawn from social sciences and the humanities, in particular, urban, leisure, cultural and communication studies, politics and arts history. [PAR] More information about this project and its outcomes will be available soon. In the meantime, you can access a more detailed Research Description (2004) below, or can search for relevant blog entries within this site (eg. \u2018Glasgow\u2019, European Capital of Culture etc).[DOC] [TLE] Guide to the European Capital of Culture Cities 1985 to 2013 Guide to the European Capital of Culture Cities 1985 to 2013 [PAR] A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step [PAR] Guide to the European Capital of Culture Cities 1985 to 2013 [PAR] by Jules on December 27, 2012 [PAR] Email [PAR] Being awarded the prestigious European Capital of Culture tag is highly coveted and has the power to catapult a little known town or city into the limelight. It\u2019s an opportunity for that city to showcase their history, heritage and of course culture and brings with it increased social and economic benefits for many years. [PAR] The European Capital of Culture was conceived in 1985 with the aim of further uniting Europe and showcasing a particular area that is outstanding in terms of local culture, traditional values and historically rich sights. These are the cities that have so far hosted the annual honour from 1985 to 2013; [PAR] Complete list of all European Capital of Culture Cities [PAR] 1985 \u2013 Athens, Greece \u2013 Home to some world famous sights including the incredible Acropolis, magnificent Parthenon temple and the birthplace of the Olympics, the Panathenaic Stadium. Of course Athens also hosted the 2004 Olympic Games and remains a firm favourite tourist destination. Recent financial woes offering some fantastic travel bargains. [PAR] 1986 \u2013 Florence, Italy \u2013 The capital city of Tuscany offers magnificent medieval architecture and is known as the birthplace of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography And Marriage of Victoria And David Beckham Biography And Marriage of Victoria And David Beckham [PAR] 7/10/2011: The Beckhams announced the birth of their fourth child, a daughter. [PAR] Born: [PAR] David Robert Joseph Beckham: May 2, 1975 in Leytonstone, London, England. [PAR] Victoria Caroline Adams aka Posh Spice: April 17, 1974 in Hertfordshire, England. [PAR] How David and Victoria Met: [PAR] David on meeting Victoria in November 1996: \"My wife picked me out of a soccer sticker book. And I chose her off the telly ... It felt straight away like we'd always been meant to be together.\" [PAR] Source: David Beckham, Tom Watt. Beckham: Both Feet on the Ground: An Autobiography. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 7 Tips for a Harmonious Divorce [PAR] 2004. pg. 83. [PAR] Victoria and David started dating in 1997 by going on low-keyed dates -- driving around, talking, going to a pub, dinner out, going to the movies. They talked a lot on the telephone. [PAR] David proposed on one knee. They were engaged on January 25, 1998. The Beckham engagement party was held at Rookery Hall in Nantwich. [PAR] Victoria and David did not cut their engagement cake. Instead, they donated it to a fund raising event for Goostrey Community Primary School in Cheshire. The cake is \"a replica of the hall with Victoria sitting at the top and David sitting behind her.\" [PAR] Source: BBC.co.uk [PAR] Wedding Date: [PAR] With 29 close friends and family members at the wedding ceremony, David and Victoria were married on July 4, 1999 at the 560-acre estate of the 1794, gothic Luttrellstown Castle, Ireland outside Dublin, Ireland. The wedding ceremony was presided over by the Bishop of Cork Paul Colton Victoria was 25 and David was 24 when they married. [PAR] Gary Neville was their best man and their 4-month old son Brooklyn was their ring bearer . Victoria and David sat on Golden thrones on a raised platform with Brooklyn's crib at their side. [PAR] The bridesmaid was Victoria's sister Louise. Louise's daughter Liberty and David's niece Georgia were dressed as angels and served as flower girls . [PAR] \"As they became man and wife, a single dove was released as a symbol of their love. Posh Spice -- one of the architects of the 'girl-power' philosophy -- stuck to her principles and did not pledge to 'obey' the Manchester United player. The new Mr. and Mrs. Beckham both shed tears after exchanging vows.\" [PAR] Source: BBC.co.uk [PAR] Wedding Attire: [PAR] Victoria wore a crown and a tightly fitting ivory wedding dress designed by Vera Weng. Victoria's attire was matched by David's ivory and cream suit. He later changed into a purple suit because Brooklyn threw up on him. Their party outfits were designed by Antonio Berardi. [PAR] Brooklyn was wearing a purple cowboy hat. [PAR] Wedding Reception: [PAR] David and Victoria had an elaborate and expensive wedding reception with 437 staff serving. All guests at the reception were asked to dress in black or white. The menu included Laurent Perrier rose champagne and sticky toffee pudding. [PAR] Their wedding cake was topped with a nude (except for a few ivy leaves) sculpture of the newlyweds. [PAR] Guests at the reception numbered approximately 230 and included David and Debbie Seamon, the Spice Girls, and Sir Bobby Charlton. The wedding reception featured an 18-piece orchestra. Guests were able to disco later on in the evening. The reception ended with a fireworks display. [PAR] David and Victoria didn't want to receive any presents. They preferred to receive shopping vouchers. [PAR] Children:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Free Flashcards about DDG Trivia Places 10 - StudyStack Free Flashcards about DDG Trivia Places 10 [PAR] Is Scandinavia in the north or south of Europe? [PAR] North [PAR] Which Arctic country's Finnish name is Lapin Li? [PAR] Lapland [PAR] The Straight of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean with which Sea? [PAR] Mediterranean [PAR] Which country is also called the Hellenic Republic? [PAR] Greece [PAR] What is Europe's most mountainous country? [PAR] Switzerland [PAR] In Norway, a fjord is made up largely of what? [PAR] Water [PAR] The island of Rhodes belongs to which Mediterranean country? [PAR] Greece [PAR] Euro tunnel links which two countries? [PAR] England and France [PAR] The Left Bank generally refers to the Left Bank of the Seine in which city? [PAR] Paris [PAR] Okinawa is a volcano in which country? [PAR] Japan [PAR] What is the largest country in South America? [PAR] Brazil [PAR] What was the ancient city, carved out of red rock in Jordan, that was forgotten by Europeans until the 19th century? [PAR] Petra. [PAR] Which of the Seven Wonders of the World was a Ephesus? [PAR] The Temple of Artemis [PAR] What was the original purpose of the leaning tower of Pisa? [PAR] Bell Tower [PAR] What island in San Francisco Bay was the site of an almost escape-proof prison? [PAR] Alcatraz. [PAR] What was the former site of the two temples celcbrating Ramses II and Nefertari, before they were moved because of flooding by the waters of the Aswan High Dam? [PAR] Abu Simbel [PAR] Where is the Valley of the Kings, the scene of a terrorist attack in 1997? [PAR] Egypt. [PAR] What was Ho Chi Minh City before it was called Ho Chi Minh City? [PAR] Saigon [PAR] To the nearest thousand, how many islands does Indonesia have? [PAR] 13,000 [PAR] Which country contains the Biblical rivers of the Tigris and the EUPHRATES? [PAR] Iraq [PAR] What was St. Petersburg called for most of the 20th century? [PAR] Leningrad. [PAR] Which country lies to the north of Austria and to the south of Poland? [PAR] Czech Republic [PAR] What name is given to the popular holiday area between Marseille and La Spezia? [PAR] Riviera [PAR] How tall is the Eiffel Tower? [PAR] 984 feet. [PAR] Archaeologists believe they have located the burial site of Boudicca, the British queen who led a bloody revolt against Roman rule in the first century A.D. Where is it? [PAR] Under Platform 8 of the King's Cross Railway Station in London. [PAR] What Middle Eastern country's name includes the name of it's first ruler? [PAR] Saudi Arabia. Ruler Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud unified his dual kingdoms of Hejaz and Nejd and their dependencies under the name Saudi Arabia in 1932. [PAR] What is the name of Moscow's largest department store? [PAR] GUM [PAR] What country has more volcanoes than any other? [PAR] Indonesia. It has 167 of the 850 active volcanoes known in the world."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Education - AnglaisFacile.com Education [PAR] Education [PAR] 67 Which is the oldest university in Britain? [PAR] 64 At what age do children go to school in Britain? [PAR] Children in Britain must attend school from the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) until they are 16. Before the start of formal schooling, many children attend nursery schools or nursery classes attached to primary schools. In addition, some parents elect to send their children to private (fee-paying) nursery schools or kindergartens. In England and Wales, many primary schools also operate an early admission policy where they admit children under 5 into what are called reception classes. [PAR] Children first attend the infants\u2019 school or department. At 7 they move to the junior school and the usual age for transfer from junior to secondary school is 11 (12 in Scotland). In some areas, however, \u2018first\u2019 schools take pupils aged 5 to 8, 9 or 10, and pupils within the 8 to 14 age range go to \u2018middle\u2019 schools. [PAR] [PAR] TOP [PAR] 65 What are the different types of secondary school? [PAR] Over 85 per cent of secondary school pupils go to comprehensive schools. These take children of all abilities, and provide a wide range of secondary education for all or most of the children in a district from the age of 11 to 16 or 18. There are also other types of secondary school. Grammar schools offer a mainly academic education for the 11 to 18-year age group. Children enter grammar schools on the basis of their abilities, first sitting the \u201811\u2019 plus or entrance examination. Grammar schools cater for four per cent of children in secondary education. A small minority of children attend secondary modern schools (around four per cent). These schools provide a more general and technical education for children aged 11-16. [PAR] City Technology Colleges (CTCs) aim to give boys and girls a broad secondary education with a strong technological and business slant. [PAR] They are non-fee-paying independent schools, set up by the Government with the help of business sponsors who finance a large proportion of the initial capital costs and develop links with the schools. There are now 15 such colleges in operation in England and Wales. [PAR] Specialist schools, which only operate in England, give pupils a broad secondary education with a strong emphasis on technology, languages, arts or sports. There are over 250 specialist schools. They charge no fees and any secondary school can apply for specialist school status. [PAR] [PAR] TOP [PAR] 66 Why are \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdpublic\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd schools so called? [PAR] The independent school sector is separate from the state educational system,and caters for some seven per cent of all schoolchildren in England and four per cent in Scotland. [PAR] Parents of pupils attending independent schools pay for their education, and in some cases fees can amount to several thousand pounds a year. Some pupils gain scholarships and their expenses are covered by the schools. [PAR] About 250 of the larger independent shools are known for historical reasons as public schools. Eton, which was founded in 1440, is said to have been the first grammar schools to be called a 'public shool' because scholars could come to it from any part of England and not, as was generally the case, just from the immediate neighbourhood. [PAR] Originally, many public schools stressed a classical education, character training and sports, but the curriculum is now closely allied to state education. [PAR] In Northern Ireland there are a few independent fee paying schools catering for a very small proportion of the school population; they do"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The history \u2013 Centre Pompidou The history \u2013 Centre Pompidou [PAR] The history [PAR] Home > The Centre Pompidou > The history [PAR] Le parc de stationnement dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 choisi pour accueillir le futur emplacement du Centre Pompidou. \u00a9 Centre Pompidou [PAR] Birth of a revolutionary concept [PAR] In 1969, President Georges Pompidou decided that the vacant site of the Plateau Beaubourg should be used for the construction of a multidisciplinary cultural centre of an entirely new type. The decision gave new impetus to a number of different projects that would now be united in the new centre, with the establishment of a new public reading library in the centre of Paris, the provision of worthy premises for the mus\u00e9e national d\u2019art moderne (MNAM), inadequately housed in one of the wings of the Palais de Tokyo, and the creation of a centre for new music (the IRCAM) inspired by the ideas of French composer Pierre Boulez. In addition to this, the new centre would take over the activities of the centre d\u2019art contemporain in the rue Berryer while also incorporating Fran\u00e7ois Mathey\u2019s team from the mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs, who had developed a dynamic programme of exhibitions of contemporary art. [PAR] An international architectural competition [PAR] An architectural competition was announced, the first of its kind in France to be open to architects the whole world over: it attracted 681 competitors from 49 different countries. [PAR] The international jury chaired by the architect and engineer Jean Prouv\u00e9 chose a design submitted by a team of three, British architect Richard Rogers and the two Italians Renzo Piano and Gianfranco Franchini, all relatively unknown. Piano and Rogers alone oversaw the management of the project; the two then went on to make separate careers, both later winning the Pritzker Prize, the highest award in the architectural world. [PAR] Today considered an emblematic 20th-century building, taken to the hearts of the people of Paris and a special favourite of tourists from elsewhere, the new arts centre rising from the Plateau Beaubourg was at first compared by its detractors to an oil refinery. Piano and Rogers\u2019 building continued to be a subject of polemic right through the 1970s, before becoming the icon and exemplar that it is today. [PAR] Maquette du projet d\u00e9finitif, fa\u00e7ade ouest. Renzo Piano et Richard Rogers. 1973. \u00a9 Centre Pompidou [PAR] La fa\u00e7ade du Centre Pompidou \u00a9 Philippe Migeat, 2015 [PAR] A success from the start [PAR] The Centre Pompidou was inaugurated on 31 January 1977. From the moment it opened to the public on 2 February 1977, it met with immense success, rapidly becoming one of the most popular cultural venues in the world and one of the most visited monuments in France. [PAR] The late 1970's and the 1980's saw the Centre Pompidou stage highly influential exhibitions that made major contributions to the history of 20th-century art: the series \u201cParis-New York\u201d, \u201cParis-Berlin\u201d, \u201cParis-Moscow\u201d and \u201cParis-Paris\u201d, \u201cVienna: Birth of a Century\u201d, \u201cThe Immaterials\u201d, \u201cMemories of the Future\u201d, \u201cMaps and Figures of the Earth\u201d, \u201cMagicians of the Earth\u201d. Under the leadership of its directors Pontus Hulten and Dominique Bozo, the collection of the mus\u00e9e national d\u2019art moderne grew considerably and became a world leader in the field of modern and contemporary art. [PAR] A reorganisation in 1992 saw the creation of a department of cultural development, responsible for a programme of live performance, film screenings, lectures, symposia and debates. The fusion of the modern art museum and the centre for industrial design laid the foundations for an architecture and design collection that in twenty years has become"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Museo Bardini (Florence, Italy): Top Tips Before You Go ... Museo Bardini (Florence, Italy): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Neighborhood Profile [PAR] Piazzale Michelangelo [PAR] Just outside the ancient walls of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo starts. It is a winding road rimmed by wonderful poplars and holm oaks. The long ascent opens up to the most beautiful and famous panoramic viewpoint of Florence: Piazzale Michelangelo, where an elevated terrace offers visitors an incomparable and breathtaking view of the entire city from above. During good weather, Piazzale Michelangelo provides visitors with a serene space surrounded by the amazing landscape, better if accompanied by a fresh gelato from a local kiosk. During night, visitors will be dazzled by the warm lights of the capital of the Renaissance. Spend a second with the silent Romanesque beauty of the Basilica of San Miniato al Monte: the one that wishes good morning and good night to Florence![DOC] [TLE] Bargello Museum - Florence for you Bargello Museum private visit in Florence [PAR] Florence Private Guides > News > Florence in a day + Bargello Museum [PAR] Florence in a day + Bargello Museum [PAR] A complete walking tour through the heart of Florence combined with a visit to the Bargello Museum, famous for the sculptures by Donatello and Michelangelo. [PAR] Duration: 3 hours| Rates [PAR] These are the most important highlights of our tour: [PAR] Piazza della Repubblica, where the old Forum of the Roman city of Florentia once stood making it both the oldest and the most modern square of the city with its historical caf\u00e9s dating back to the XIXth century. [PAR] The religious centre of the city with the Romanesque Baptistery, the Cathedral, Brunelleschi\u2019s Dome and Giotto\u2019s Belltower. [PAR] The medieval district of Dante, with its towers, little churches and oratories. [PAR] Orsanmichele: where once the grain market stood, now stands this beautiful yet unusual gothic church of the florentine Guilds. Along its walls, the tabernacles hold masterpieces of different sculptors. [PAR] The Mercato Nuovo with its fountain of the Porcellino, one of Florence\u2019s lucky charms. [PAR] Ponte Vecchio, one of the most renowned symbols of the city with its jewelleries pending over river Arno. [PAR] The Loggia of the Uffizi, the history of one of the oldest and most famous museums of the world. [PAR] Piazza della Signoria and Palazzo Vecchio, the political center of Florence since the Middle Ages, the Loggia dei Lanzi with its Roman and Renaissance sculptures. [PAR] Visit to the Museo del Bargello. This beautiful medieval castle hosts the most important sculpture collection of the city. Not only can we visit the rooms dedicated to Michelangelo and Donatello, but also the bronzes by Giambologna, the masterpieces of Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s teacher. Besides the sculpture collections, there are rooms dedicated to collections of enamelled ceramics and ivory from all over Europe. [PAR] RATES (Rates are per tour, tickets are not included) [PAR] Groups (from 10 up to 25 persons) [PAR] \u20ac 130 + \u20ac 2 for each extra person [PAR] Individual clients (from 1 up to 9 persons) [PAR] \u20ac 150"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inishmore (Aran Island) - Review of Inishmore, Ireland ... Inishmore (Aran Island) - Review of Inishmore, Ireland - TripAdvisor [PAR] Review of Inishmore [PAR] Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. [PAR] Reset zoom [PAR] \u201cInishmore (Aran Island)\u201d [PAR] Reviewed July 21, 2010 [PAR] We have just returned from a vacation in Ireland and I think Inishmore has to be my favorite place we visited this time. What a delightful spot. We toured the island on a horse and cart which was great fun and John our driver, who was born on the island, made our day a very special one. He had a wonderful sense of humour and filled us in on the history of the island. I would love to return and do the island on a bike next time. [PAR] Helpful? [PAR] This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. [PAR] prabedky [PAR] \u201cWorst experience in Ireland\u201d [PAR] Reviewed June 13, 2010 [PAR] In an overall wonderful trip to Ireland, I wasted a day going to Inishmore. For my wife and I the roundtrip ferry from Doolin cost 40 Euro. The trip out took about an hour and a half. You get off the ferry on a wharf crowded with too many other tourists all rushing to see what there is to see. And there is not much. First you pass rusing out ships in the harbor complete with rusting out oil drums on deck. You are immediately confronted with one after another hack trying to get you to rent a horse cart, a mini van, a mini bus or a bicycle to tour the island. We were confronted with probably 25 of these solicitations within the first 15 minutes of being off the boat. We were so disgusted we just decided to walk around awhile. And what I saw made me sick. There is horse dung all over the streets. They make no effort to keep the crap off the streets and do nothing to get it up. And you have to walk through it because there are no sidewalkds. And there is trash everywhere in the streets and along the edges of the roads. The people seem to have no pride in their property. The houses are run down, the grass and weeds are allowed to grow up without any effort to mow. And there are house trailers everywhere. There are a few small shops and some cafes, but nothing of any real interest. I never did take the tour. My wife did and apparently saw some interesting and unique sites. But I was so disgusted by what I saw, I would never consider going back to Inishmore. The trip back on the ferry was even longer. They can't seem to figure out how to make a trip from one point to another. Don't waste your time on Inishmore. [PAR] Helpful? [PAR] \u201cPubs in Kilronan Inishmore.\u201d [PAR] Reviewed August 30, 2009 [PAR] A wonderful island with a great 'way out west' atmosphere.It is definately worth staying overnight to get a proper feel for the place.The highlight of theplace is without doubt Dun Aengus Fort overlooking a sheer drop (75metres)into the atlantic.A serious word of warning though, dont just walk out to the edge and look over, or sit on the edge with your legs over the side as I witnessed on my visit.There can be strong breezes up there! [PAR] Anyway on to the pubs-I'm aware of 4 drinking establishments on the island at present, all in Kilronan.I will rate them in reverse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Seven Mondern Wonders - The Zuiderzee and Delta Works The Seven Mondern Wonders - The Zuiderzee and Delta Works [PAR] Other: Turned the Zuiderzee from a bay into a lake. [PAR] Taming the Zuiderzee [PAR] One of most notable features of the Netherlands was the Zuiderzee. The name meant \"Southern Sea\" in Dutch, but it was actually a shallow bay of the North Sea that ran 60 miles (100km) inland and was about 30 miles (50km) wide. Despite its great size covering almost 2000 square miles it was only about 15 feet deep. [PAR] While the Zuiderzee was a resource for fishing and allowed access for trade, it could become dangerous whenever one of the frequent North Sea storms would push water through the bay's inlet. Dikes would fail and the resulting floods would kill hundreds or even thousands of people. In 1421 a seawall on the Zuiderzee dike broke during a storm and flooded 72 villages killing about 10,000 people. [PAR] In the 17th century the first plans to address this problem were drawn up. It wasn't until the 19th century, however, that the technology to actually do the job was developed. Cornelis Lely, a Dutch civil engineer, came up with a plan that proposed building a long dam that would close off the Zuiderzee and turn it into a lake. The plan also included building four polders in the lake that would be drained and used mainly for agriculture. [PAR] Lely became Minister of Transport and Public Works in 1913 and tried to push his plan forward. Not everybody agreed with his ideas, however. Fishermen along the Zuiderzee were concerned that they would lose their livelihood. Others were worried that such a project might create higher water levels at other places along the coast. The government was also alarmed about the enormous price tag of the project. [PAR] In 1916 during a winter storm, however, several dikes gave way along the Zuiderzee and the result was more damaging floods. After this disaster Lely's bold plan gained much public support. On June 14, 1918 the Zuiderzee Act was passed and the project was officially started. Its goals were to protect the region against floods from the North Sea, increase the country's food supply by creating polders that could be turned into farmland and use what remained of the Zuiderzee to improve water management. [PAR] Construction on the Afsluitdijk in 1931 [PAR] The Afsluitdijk [PAR] The first step in the plan was to enclose the Zuiderzee by building a 20 mile long dam across the bay. Something like this had never been done before, so the Dutch engineers made the wise decision to start by building a much shorter dam out to the island of Wieringen which would form the first part of the enclosure of the bay. The experience gained in the exercise was valuable when the longer dam, the Afsluitdijk, was built from the other side of Wieringen across the bay to the village of Zurich in 1927. [PAR] The engineers found that a type of material called till (or boulder clay) made an excellent base for the dam. As the name suggests it is a mixture of small boulders and clay that was deposited during the Glacial Period. Fortunately it was readily available as it could be obtained by simply dredging it up from the bottom of the Zuiderzee. The till was loaded into ships which hauled it out to the mouth of the bay and dropped it onto two parallel lines along what would be the course of the dam. The space between"
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    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sullom Voe Terminal | Wood Mackenzie Sullom Voe Terminal | Wood Mackenzie [PAR] Sullom Voe Terminal [PAR] Information about this report was successfully sent to: [PAR] Thank you. [PAR] Your email has been sent. [PAR] Done [PAR] Document versions [PAR] Report summary [PAR] The BP-operated Sullom Voe oil terminal on the Shetland Islands was initiated in 1975, and received its first production volumes from the Brent field in 1978. One of the largest oil terminals in Europe, Sullom Voe receives a mixture of crude oil and NGL for processing and export. Sullom Voe is the landing point for the Brent and Ninian oil Pipeline Systems, shuttle tankers from Foinaven, and the West of Shetlands Gas pipeline system. In September 2000, the Sullom Voe Terminal became a ... [PAR] What's included? [PAR] This report includes 2 file(s) [PAR] Sullom Voe Terminal [PAR] XLS - 623.00 KB [PAR] Description [PAR] A key driver to the development economics of a project is the pipeline's capacity and accessibility. [PAR] This Upstream Oil and Gas Pipeline report provides an overview of participation, cost, development, throughput and sales contract information to help if you're considering potential development solutions. [PAR] Potential investors, governments and companies in the oil and gas sector can use this pipeline report to understand critical issues at pipeline level. You can also use this report to identify potential benefits and risks with the pipeline. [PAR] Our 500 dedicated analysts are located in the markets they cover. We provide forward-looking analysis backed by our robust proprietary database of trusted research. Proprietary data means a superior level of analysis that is simply not available anywhere else. [PAR] Wood Mackenzie is the recognised gold standard in commercial data and analysis. [PAR] West of Shetlands (WoS) Gas System [PAR] Clair System [PAR] West of Shetland Gas System [PAR] Costs [PAR] Sources of Financial Benefit to the Shetland Islands Council [PAR] In this report there are 16 tables or charts, including: [PAR] Key facts [PAR] Brent System Schematic (not to scale) [PAR] Development: Table 1 [PAR] United Kingdom upstream summary [PAR] Country report | Nov 2016 [PAR] The UK is an ultra-mature region that has been producing hydrocarbons offshore since 1967. To date 44 billion boe of oil and gas has ... [PAR] United Kingdom oil supply summary [PAR] Country report | Jul 2014 [PAR] The picture for oil/NGL production from the United Kingdom (UK) is broadly similar to that for its North Sea neighbour Norway, although... [PAR] More [PAR] Our clients [PAR] Wood Mackenzie's clients include every major player in the global energy, metals and mining industries. We are recognised as a leading authority by international and national energy, metals and mining companies, leading financial institutions, governments and government agencies. We work with a range of diverse teams within our clients, from strategy and policy makers, business developers and market analysts, through to corporate finance, risk teams and investors. [PAR] Having Wood Mac analysis is table-stakes. Others are nice to have. [PAR] Analyst [PAR] Wood Mac has the highest quality data and is demanded by our staff. [PAR] Portfolio Manager [PAR] Integrated Oil Company [PAR] Others can provide data but we value the quality of the Wood Mac analysis above other sources. [PAR] Regional Director [PAR] Europe: +44 131 243 4699 [PAR] Americas: +1 713 470 1900 [PAR] Asia Pacific: +61 2 8224 8898 [PAR] contact us [PAR] Why Wood Mackenzie? [PAR] Wood Mackenzie, a Verisk Analytics business, has been a trusted source of commercial intelligence for the world's natural resources sector for more than 40 years, empowering clients to make better strategic decisions with"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Atomium - Brussels - Reviews of Atomium - TripAdvisor Atomium (Brussels, Belgium): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] \u201cA must see if in Brussels!\u201d [PAR] Reviewed 4 days ago NEW [PAR] Just standing outside and looking up at the Atomium is pretty impressive. If you want to avoid queuing, get there early - we got there at 10am and didn't have to wait but queues were building when we left around 12pm. Friendly and polite staff at the ticket counter and in fact, all the staff we encountered were the same.... More [PAR] Helpful?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europe Airlines For Sale | Guitar Guitar [PAR] Guitar [PAR] Europe Airlines Now on sale. [PAR] A list of top rated ebay sellers [PAR] Phoenix 1400 Sky Europe Airlines B737 Ha-lko Ms Europe 2003 Zsuzsann Laky [PAR] Payment methods accepted [PAR] Listed in Other Airline Collectibles Category [PAR] On Sale for 5d 2h 50m [PAR] Item is listed as Used [PAR] Shipping type Free cost $0.00 [PAR] Ships to US [PAR] Phoenix 1400 located in Wilmington, DE [PAR] Seller joesfamily [PAR] Sas Scandinavian Airlines System Original Poster Europe 1950's Otto Nielson [PAR] Best Offer [PAR] Listed in Other Airline Collectibles Category [PAR] On Sale for 14d 2h 51m [PAR] Item is listed as Used [PAR] Shipping type Flat cost $5.00 [PAR] Ships Worldwide [PAR] Sas Scandinavian located in Saint Paul, MN [PAR] Seller riffsahoy! [PAR] Vintage Original 1960s Swissair Travel Poster For Europe Railway Airline Art Air [PAR] Payment methods accepted [PAR] Listed in Other Airline Collectibles Category [PAR] On Sale for 7d 23h 24m [PAR] Item is listed as Used [PAR] Shipping type Flat cost $9.95 [PAR] Ships Worldwide [PAR] Vintage Original located in Nipomo, CA [PAR] Seller fscozzari [PAR] Airlines Europe , New, Free Shipping [PAR] Payment methods accepted [PAR] Listed in Other Airline Collectibles Category [PAR] On Sale for 8d 15h 34m [PAR] Item is listed as New [PAR] Shipping type Free cost $0.00 [PAR] Ships to US [PAR] Airlines Europe located in USA [PAR] Seller thecandidcow [PAR] Airlines Europe, Played Once, Local Pickup [PAR] Best Offer [PAR] Listed in Contemporary Manufacture Category [PAR] On Sale for 5h 22m [PAR] Item is listed as Used [PAR] Shipping type FreePickup cost $0.00 [PAR] Local Pick Up Available [PAR] Airlines Europe, located in Denton, TX [PAR] Seller gilfo [PAR] Listed in Other Airline Collectibles Category [PAR] On Sale for 25d 21h 9m [PAR] Item is listed as New [PAR] Shipping type Free cost $0.00 [PAR] Ships to US [PAR] Airlines Europe located in USA [PAR] Seller daniabodram [PAR] 1967 Aviation Twa Trans World Airlines Route Maps Usa Europe Africa Asia [PAR] Payment methods accepted [PAR] Listed in Other Aviation Collectibles Category [PAR] On Sale for 25d 38m [PAR] Item is listed as [PAR] Shipping type Free cost $0.00 [PAR] Ships Worldwide [PAR] 1967 Aviation located in Las Vegas, NV [PAR] Seller arnelpaper [PAR] Phoenix Model Sky Europe Airlines Boeing 737-500w Miss Europe 2003 Model 1400 [PAR] Payment methods accepted [PAR] Listed in Contemporary Manufacture Category [PAR] On Sale for 15d 9h 17m [PAR] Item is listed as New [PAR] Shipping type Flat cost $7.95 [PAR] Ships Worldwide [PAR] Phoenix Model located in Rockledge, FL [PAR] Seller fl-center [PAR] Rio Grande Games Airlines Europe Board Game New [PAR] Payment methods accepted [PAR] Listed in Contemporary Manufacture Category [PAR] On Sale for 18d 3h 51m [PAR] Item is listed as New [PAR] Shipping type Calculated cost N/A [PAR] Ships Worldwide [PAR] Rio Grande located in Wayne, NJ [PAR] Seller mavericksgameworld [PAR] American Airlines North America Europe Flight Path Map Chcago Manchester 1988 [PAR] Best Offer [PAR] On Sale for 27d 16m [PAR] Item is listed as Used [PAR] Shipping type Flat cost $3.95 [PAR] Ships to US [PAR] American Airlines located in Dallas, TX [PAR] Seller herwoldallas [PAR] Swissair Europe Vintage 1961 Travel Poster Airlines Nikolaus Schwabe [PAR] Best Offer [PAR] On Sale for 11d 3h 5m [PAR] Item is listed as Used [PAR] Shipping type Flat cost $15.00 [PAR] Ships Worldwide [PAR] Swissair Europe located in New York, NY [PAR] Seller illustractiongallery [PAR] Phoenix Model Sky Europe Airlines Boeing 737-500w Adriana Diecast Model 1400 [PAR] Payment methods accepted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Balearic Islands Holiday Apartments & Villas | HomeAway Balearic Islands Holiday Villas & Apartments | HomeAway [PAR] Make a holiday rental, home, or villa on Balearic Islands your home away from home [PAR] Accommodations on Balearic Islands [PAR] The Balearic Islands are a province of islands about 100km off the east coast of Spain in the Mediterranean Sea. The area has become a favourite destination for visitors seeking holiday homes alongside beautiful beaches, good food, and an exciting nightlife. There are various islands to choose from, each with their own feel thanks to the area\u2019s history of many occupying forces including the Greeks, Romans, and Moors. With such eclectic influences as well as different landscapes, holiday homes on the Balearic Islands offer something for everyone. The most coveted spots for a holiday rental, home, or villa on Balearic Islands include Mallorca (Majorca), Menorca (Menorca), Ibiza, and Formentera. [PAR] Places to holiday on Balearic Islands [PAR] Mallorca - As the largest island of the Balearics, Mallorca is one of Europe's top holiday destinations. Because of its size, holiday homes on the Balearics have so much to offer from gorgeous beaches and exciting nightlife in the busy city centres of the south like Cala Pi and Sa Rapita to beautiful views of mountainous regions in the north like Santa Ponsa , Soller area, and Andratx. Holiday villas in the capital city ofPalma de Mallorca are known for being some of the Mediterranean's most beautiful and luxurious. And while you\u2019re holiday home may be heavenly, be sure to take a boat trip from the south east to the beautiful untouched region of Cabrera. The clear waters are a dream come true for SCUBA divers and snorkellers. [PAR] Menorca - In the far east of the Balearic Islands, holiday home seekers will find Menorca to be the most tranquil and unspoilt region of the three main islands. Holiday rentals in South and East Menorca are ideal for families looking to escape the wild nightlife that makes the other islands notorious. Instead holiday homes in Menorca offer uncrowded beaches and traditional fishing towns. Visitors travel far and wide to indulge in Menorca\u2019s fresh seafood. [PAR] Ibiza - the Island closest to the mainland, Ibiza is known as the party capital of Europe. It has some of the biggest and best nightclubs in the world, attracting A-list celebrities and some of Europe\u2019s poshest partygoers. However don\u2019t be fooled into believing that\u2019s all the island has to offer. Visitors staying at holiday homes and villas, a short distance away from the two main club areas of Ibiza town and San Antonio, will easily discover a lesser-known Ibiza with traditional Spanish villages alongside orange and lemon groves and beautiful cliffs and mountains like Sant Agustin and Santa Eulalia. There are also colourful street markets and local fiestas where the locals gather but. [PAR] Fromentera - An hour ferry ride from Ibiza town, Fromentera is rumoured to be the Mediterranean\u2019s best kept secret. Holiday homes in the area are ideal for nature lovers. Homes are amid a paradise of gorgeous, clean beaches, clear waters, and hidden coves. [PAR] Things to do on Balearic Islands [PAR] Because of the range of things to do in the Balearic Islands, visitors staying at holiday homes will find it difficult to be bored. Depending on which island or islands you choose to explore, there is something for everyone. Most activities focus around the various bays, beaches, and rugged landscapes and cliffs. Majorca has the largest mountains of the islands, with some reaching 1,445 metres (Puig Major) and 1,340 metres (Puig de"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europe - Encyclopedia of the Nations Europe [PAR] Europe [PAR] Andorra [PAR] Andorra, a tiny landlocked principality in southwestern Europe, is situated in the eastern Pyrenees Mountains, bordered on the north and east by France and on the south and west by Spain. It comprises a region of 7 narrow valleys and the adjacent peaks reaching heights of more than 2,700 meters (about 8,860 feet) above sea level. [PAR] Armenia [PAR] Armenia is located in the southwest Caucasus Region, neighboring on Georgia and Azerbaijan to the north, Iran and Turkey to the south, and a separate province of Azerbaijan in the southeast. The total area of the country is 29,800 square kilometers (11,505 square miles), making it about the size of Maryland. [PAR] Austria [PAR] Austria is a landlocked country situated in southern Central Europe. Slightly smaller than Maine, it occupies a territory of approximately 84,000 square kilometers (32,000 square miles), which includes much of the mountainous territory of the eastern Alps and the Danube region. [PAR] Belarus [PAR] Belarus is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe bordering Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia to the west; Ukraine to the south; and Russia to the east and north. It has a total border of 3,100 kilometers (1,900 miles), with almost one-third of its border (960 kilometers, or 600 miles) touching Russia. [PAR] Bulgaria [PAR] The Republic of Bulgaria shares its borders with 5 other countries in southeastern Europe and has a coastline on the Black Sea. Romania lies to the north, Turkey to the southeast, Greece to the south, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the southwest, and Serbia (with Montenegro part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) to the west. [PAR] Croatia [PAR] The Republic of Croatia is located in southeastern Europe, with a long coastline on the Adriatic Sea to the south, and borders with Slovenia and Hungary to the north, and Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the east. It has an area of 56,538 square kilometers (21,829 square miles), approximately the size of West Virginia. [PAR] Germany [PAR] Located in western Central Europe, Germany has an area of 357,021 square kilometers (137,810 square miles), which makes it slightly smaller than the state of Montana. The country is bordered by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea to the north; Poland and the Czech Republic to the east; Austria and Switzerland to the south; and France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west. [PAR] Greece [PAR] Greece is located on the southernmost point of the Balkan Peninsula and is flanked by 3 large bodies of water: the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. Greece is bordered to the north by Albania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.), and Bulgaria. [PAR] Iceland [PAR] A small volcanic island located between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean in the Arctic, Iceland is the westernmost European country. Found between Greenland and Europe, just northwest of the United Kingdom, Iceland has an area of 103,000 square kilometers (39,768 square miles) of which 100,250 square kilometers (38,707 square miles) is land and 2,750 square kilometers (1,062 square miles) is water. [PAR] Ireland [PAR] The Republic of Ireland constitutes 26 out of the 32 counties that make up the island of Ireland, with 6 northern counties under the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom. Situated in Western Europe, it is bordered on the east by the Irish Sea from the United Kingdom and bordered on the west by the North Atlantic Ocean. [PAR] Latvia [PAR] Located in the Baltic region of Eastern Europe, Latvia is bordered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When women won the vote - The Irish Times When women won the vote [PAR] When women won the vote [PAR] Wed, Oct 17, 2012, 01:00 [PAR] Leeann Lane [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] From New Zealand to Saudi Arabia:The representation of People Act, 1918, that granted votes to certain Irish and English women came at a relatively early point in the trajectory of the history of female suffrage in Europe and elsewhere in the world. [PAR] There were, however, nations that extended that right earlier and other countries, in Europe as well as elsewhere, that did not extend the right until much later into the 20th century. [PAR] New Zealand was the first nation to grant female suffrage, in 1893, to all adult women, both Maori and pakehas (of European descent). In 1894 women in South Australia were granted the vote and also the right to stand for parliamentary elections. In 1899 women in Western Australia were enfranchised. [PAR] In 1902 the Commonwealth Franchise Act gave all white women in Australia the vote and the right to stand for election to the Australian Federal Parliament. Aboriginal women in Australia, as well as aboriginal men, did not receive the vote until 1962. [PAR] In Europe the Nordic countries were pioneers in women\u2019s suffrage. The first European nation to give women the vote was Finland in 1906. Women in the Grand Duchy of Finland, then an autonomous part of the Russian Empire, won the right to be elected members of the eduskunta, the Finnish unicameral parliament, in 1907. [PAR] Women in Norway received the right in 1913 with Denmark following in 1915. Other Nordic countries, such as Sweden, enfranchised women between 1919 and 1921, women in that country receiving the vote at least a year later than enfranchisement of Irish and English women over the age of 30. The end of the first World War was an important time for the enfranchisement of women in many European nations. Austria, Germany, Poland and Russia granted the vote to women in 1918 with the Netherlands following in 1919. Spanish women received the vote in 1931. However, there were certain countries in Europe in which women did not gain the vote until during or after the second World War. In 1944 French women received the right to vote. In 1945 Italy followed suit. Other European countries were even later to grant women suffrage; Switzerland did not grant the right until 1971 and Portugal not until 1976. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Canadian women, with the exception of Canadian Indians, received the vote in 1917. The latter were not enfranchised until 1960. In the United States women\u2019s suffrage was granted on a local and state level from the late 19th century. In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution stated that the right to vote of all citizens could not be denied by the US or any state within on the basis of sex. [PAR] Elsewhere, Mexico, Pakistan, Japan and Argentina granted female suffrage in 1947. China granted the right two years later in 1949 and India in 1950. Examples of countries in which women have only recently been granted the right to vote are South Africa (black women, 1994), Kuwait (2005) and the United Arab Emirates (2006). Women in Saudi Arabia will not have the vote until 2015.[DOC] [TLE] History of Women's Suffrage | Scholastic.com History of Women's Suffrage | Scholastic.com [PAR] Women's Suffrage [PAR] From Grolier [PAR] The struggle to achieve equal rights for women is often thought to have begun, in the English-speaking world, with the publication of Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Longest Caves in The World Information of the world Top Ten Longest Caves in The World Information of the world [PAR] Top Ten Longest Caves in The World [PAR] Home \u00bb Sciences \u00bb Geography \u00bb Top Ten Longest Caves in The World [PAR] A cave is deep space in the earth or water where a human being can enter for exploration. The cave may vary according to its size and formation. Speleology is the science of caves exploration and caves studying. Here is the list of top ten 10 world\u2019s biggest caves with their features and length. [PAR] Mammoth cave system is the largest or longest natural cave system in the world as well as in North America or USA. Situated in Kentucky, USA, this longest cave having 567 km of length. It is centered around the Green River, with a tributary and with 145 miles of passageways. [PAR] Optimisticeskaja cave is a gypsum cave located near the village of korolivka in Ukraine. By some sources it is having about 133 miles of surveyed passageways. This is the second largest or longest cave by area in the world. Also it is regarded as the biggest or largest cave in Europe or EU. [PAR] Jewel Cave it is the third longest cave in the world, with 108 miles of mapped passageways. It is located in South Dakota\u2019s Black Hills (USA). Jewel cave is open year round. There are some surface trails, while reservations are not required, they are recommended during the summer seasons. [PAR] Holloch cave is a 166 km long situated between the river Muota and the area of Pragelpass in the valley of Muotha in Switzerland. It is also popular for having a depth of 939m. It was the first cave in the world whose explored length reached 100km. It is the biggest cave of Switzerland and the second longest of Europe. [PAR] Lechuguilla Cave is the fifth longest or largest cave with 161 km length. It is located in New Mexico (USA) and is the most famous for its unusual geology, rare formations and pristine condition. Cavers are greeted by large amount of gypsum and lemon-yellow sulphur deposits in this natural cave. [PAR] Siebenhengsteholen-system is the longest or biggest cave system of Switzerland, while sixth longest cave of the world with 140 km length. It is famous for its unusual greenery. It presents the most amazing natural scenery with its green routs and vegetation. [PAR] Fisher Ridge Cave system was discovered in 1981. The central part of Ridge which contains the bulk of the mapped passages on three different levels. It is located in Kentucky (USA) and its length is about 126 km. [PAR] Wind Cave is one of the world\u2019s longest caves. It is located in South Dakota (USA). It is 126 kilometers long therefore it is regarded as the eigth longest or largest cave in the world and fifth longest in United States Of America. [PAR] Ozernay it is a small shield volcano located in the southern part of Ukraine. It is most wonderful cave with 111 km length. The passage of this cave is full of amazing natural scenes. This cave is difficult to visit. [PAR] Gua Air Jernih is tenth longest cave of the world. It is located in Malaysia and it is 109 kilometer long. This cave is the longest cave of Malaysia as well as Asia. [PAR] Sistemain[DOC] [TLE] Cavechat.org \u2022 View topic - Europe\u2019s Biggest Cave Now ... Cavechat.org \u2022 View topic - Europe\u2019s Biggest Cave Now World's Second Longest [PAR] Europe\u2019s Biggest Cave Now World's Second"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 10 largest cities in Europe | Tourist Maker The 10 largest cities in Europe | Tourist Maker [PAR] Blog [PAR] The 10 largest cities in Europe [PAR] Europe is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. Unlike many other parts of the planet, however, European population is fairly evenly distributed throughout the territory of the continent. More and more cities have multimillion population and gradually \u201eabsorb\u201c closer settlements. Cities are connected to each other via excellent infrastructure and regular transport links. This new form of urban unit is typical of the 20 and 21st century and is called agglomeration. It is a typical phenomenon in more developed parts of the world. Here we have compiled a list of 10 biggest cities (or rather the 10 largest urban agglomerations) in Europe . [PAR] 1.London. With a population of 14,000,000 inhabitants London is the largest city in the European Union and Europe. Its territory is vast. [PAR] Only London, not counting the nearby towns has a length of about 60 kilometres from east to west. In fact, the British capital occupies a larger area even from the U.S. metropolis New York . [PAR] This is not surprising given the endless stream of immigrants who have flocked here from all around the world to seek their fortune. Today, London has become the personification of a world city and urban colour. [PAR] 2.Paris. The French capital Paris is the second largest city in Europe. Paris urban area has a population of about 12,100,000 inhabitants. [PAR] For you will be probably hard to imagine such a big city if you have never seen it. The streets are full of people. In the central parts of the city traffic does not stop even during the wee hours of the night. [PAR] For better or worse, today the quiet and relaxing romantic spirit of the French capital gives a way to dynamism and cosmopolitanism. [PAR] 3.Istanbul. Unlike London and Paris, the third largest agglomeration in the city rank is not a capital, but in spite of fact it is the largest city in Eastern Europe. [PAR] This is Istanbul. Situated between Europe and Asia this city with a population of 11,000,000 people flourishes and grows since ancient times. [PAR] Over the centuries, Istanbul was within the boundaries of different countries and empires, but it has been always equally developed, because this is a city with its own soul and personality. [PAR] 4.Moscow. The capital of the Russian Federation is the fourth most populous city on the continent. It is home to about 10,500,000 people and is one of the largest cities in the world. [PAR] The two most distant points in the city are located at approximately 55 kilometres to each other! The richest and most developed city in Russia astounds with its scale. [PAR] For such a large and busy city metro is the main mode of transport, as driving a car through the busy streets of Moscow sometimes can be really frustrating. The hundreds of kilometres of underground railway lines is a great way to escape from the busy roads of this metropolis. [PAR] 5.Madrid. Madrid metropolitan area has a population of nearly 6,500,000 people, making Madrid one of the largest agglomerations on the continent. [PAR] The noise on the city\u2019s overcrowded boulevards does not fade even in the small hours of the day. In recent years the population of this cosmopolitan city increases much faster than ever due to the incessant influx of workers from across Europe. [PAR] The greater and greater Madrid grows as a snowball while"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baltic Independence from the Soviet Union | OnThisDay.com Baltic Independence from the Soviet Union | OnThisDay.com [PAR] Baltic Independence from the Soviet Union [PAR] Baltic Independence [PAR] by James Graham [PAR] Under Joseph Stalin the USSR re-annexed the Baltic countries in 1940. The independence the Baltic states had enjoyed since the collapse of the Tsarist empire was over. The pretext for the invasion was the articles of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact that acknowledged Nazi Germany's and the USSR's separate spheres of influence. Stalin promptly invaded Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia and deported or executed anyone who held nationalist beliefs. Without national elites the USSR gained complete control over the Baltic people and the articles formed the basis of the post Second World War Soviet state. [PAR] The greatest change glasnost made to Soviet culture was the people no longer feared the state. Lithuanian people not only demonstrated but enjoyed their new found liberty. Demonstrators were often punished severely in the USSR and throughout the late eighties there was widespread official warnings of violence. The Lithuanian people were not deterred and the writer estimated 200,000 people risked their lives on that day alone. The demonstration was in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius and marked the founding congress of Sajudis. This demonstration and the dozens like it were as much a celebration of the Lithuanian peoples rebirth of nationalism and pride as a protest against Soviet domination. The two went hand in hand as part of the Soviet suppression was the banning of patriotic songs and poetry. Sajudis as Mr Cornwell states started \"as a ginger group for reform\" soon grew in popularity and became a national front. It gained support from \"old and young\", Russians and ethnic Lithuanians alike. The mention of \"Stalin's crimes against Lithuania\" is particularly interesting. Stalin's crimes were suppressed and officially denied up until Gorbachevs appointment. Only glasnost allowed the sorry tale of horror to become known and openly discussed. The account is one of jubilation and courage by the Lithuanian people and of their pride in finally starting to throw off the Soviet yoke. [PAR] Lithuania and the other Baltic states Latvia and Estonia set an example of rebellion for the rest of the USSR to follow. In 1988 while the rest of the USSR was relatively calm the Baltic states were in open defiance of the Kremlin. On 24 August 1989 half the adult population of the Baltics formed a human chain stretching the entire length of the three republics to protest against the fiftieth anniversary of Soviet rule. The Soviet authorities such was their loss of touch with the average person viewed the anniversary as a celebration. In the parliamentary elections Sajudis swept the board. They were elected to the Supreme Soviet in Moscow allowing their voices to be heard nationwide through televised coverage. On 11 March 1990 by 124 votes to zero with six abstentions the Lithuanian parliament passed the Act of the Supreme Council on the Restoration of the Independent Lithuanian State. This shocked the Kremlin who replied in the only way they knew how. Tanks were sent in on the 22 March and five days later Soviet troops occupied strategic buildings. Estonia and Latvia were not far behind declaring independence on 30 March and 4 May respectively. Economic sanctions were applied but had no effect just like the military actions before them. [PAR] The Baltic republics blew a hole in the walls of the Soviet state. They had achieved the unthinkable by use of mere people power, along the way setting an example for the other republics to follow. National fronts were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guide to Meeting & Event Planning in St. Moritz, Switzerland Guide to Meeting & Event Planning in St. Moritz, Switzerland [PAR] Promotions [PAR] St. Moritz, Switzerland Meeting Planning Overview [PAR] Welcome to Cvent's MICE Guide to St. Moritz, a guide for MICE professionals. A luxurious, upscale mountain resort set in the high-lying valley of the Engadin, St. Moritz is known for its style, cosmopolitan flair, and picture-book surroundings. Boasting the perfect location for meetings, conferences, and events set amid unspoiled nature, St. Moritz is surrounded by spectacular landscapes and a seemingly endless lake plateau, and offers a host of team-building and recreational activities, ranging from mineral spring spa visits to bobsledding. Beyond its fantastic year-round recreation, St. Moritz offers cultural highlights, upscale shopping, exclusive hotels, fine dining, and a number of galleries and museums in its village center and along Lake St. Moritz. [PAR] Situated 125 miles from Zurich, the Alps destination of St. Moritz is served by Zurich Airport and Samedan Regional Airport. Switzerland\u2019s largest and busiest airport for international flight connections, Zurich Airport serves about 24 million passengers each year, while Samedan Regional Airport, located just three miles from St. Moritz, provides regular air and helicopter service for the Engadin region and connections to Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Milan, and Munich. Delegates can hop aboard the Rhaetian Railway (RhB), the largest train operator in the Swiss Alps, at Chur for a journey to Tienfencastel to the Engadin, or travel from Zurich to St. Moritz in about three and a half hours. Delegates may use the Graubunden Congress Ticket to travel individually by train to St. Moritz; the ticket covers return travel from any station in Switzerland, and costs CHF 69 per person for second-class travel or CHF 107 for first-class travel. Furthermore, the Engadin Bus links the villages and ski areas from Pontresina along the lakes of the Upper Engadin across to Maloja and the Bernina Pass, with several routes serving St. Moritz. [PAR] Delegates frequently meet and hold small- to medium-sized conventions, meetings, banquets, and conferences at the striking Rondo Convention & Event Center, which sits in the nearby picturesque destination of Pontresina. The highest-altitude convention center in Europe, the Rondo Convention & Event Center features 16,040 square feet of meeting and event space spread throughout four floors, including a 500-person auditorium, seven seminar rooms, and three foyers. The center is completely powered by renewable energy and features such spectacular architectural elements as a stone facade made of quartzite from Soglio and large windows that let in plenty of natural light, as well as fantastic mountain and glacier views. [PAR] Aside from the Rondo Convention & Event Center, the St. Moritz area is home to a number of unique venues and group gathering spaces\u2013making it no surprise that St. Moritz and Pontresina are two of the most appealing conference destinations in the Alps. Groups can gather at the upscale Casino St. Moritz, which features roulette, blackjack, poker, and slots, all housed in the glamorous Grand Hotel des Bains. Groups can tour the surrounding unspoiled countryside aboard the Bernina Express, the highest mountain railway in the Alps, which connects Northern and Southern Europe, passing glaciers on its descent to Italy. The high-rope challenge course at the Pontresina Rope Park presents a fantastic team-building adventure throughout its series of platforms, rope bridges, zip wires, beams, and obstacles, all set in the forest. Groups can also explore hiking, biking, and walking trails, as well as enjoy hands-on natural displays at Zernez National Park, the largest nature preserve in Switzerland. Perfectly suited for more relaxing group activities, the Medical Therapy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Balkans | Britannica.com Balkans | Britannica.com [PAR] Balkans [PAR] Alternative Titles: Balkan Peninsula, Balkan States [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Bosnia and Herzegovina [PAR] Balkans, also called Balkan Peninsula, easternmost of Europe\u2019s three great southern peninsulas. There is not universal agreement on the region\u2019s components. The Balkans are usually characterized as comprising Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Kosovo , Macedonia , Montenegro , Romania , Serbia , and Slovenia \u2014with all or part of each of those countries located within the peninsula. Portions of Greece and Turkey are also located within the geographic region generally defined as the Balkan Peninsula, and many descriptions of the Balkans include those countries too. Some define the region in cultural and historical terms and others geographically, though there are even different interpretations among historians and geographers. Moreover, for some observers, the term \u201cBalkans\u201d is freighted with negative connotations associated with the region\u2019s history of ethnic divisiveness and political upheaval. Increasingly in the early 21st century, another pair of definitional terms has gained currency: South East (also styled South-East, Southeast, South-Eastern, or Southeastern) Europe, which has been employed to describe the region in broad terms (though, again, without universal agreement on its component states) and the Western Balkans, which are usually said to comprise Albania, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Serbia. [PAR] An introduction to the Balkan Peninsula. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Generally, the Balkans are bordered on the northwest by Italy , on the north by Hungary , on the north and northeast by Moldova and Ukraine , and on the south by Greece and Turkey or the Aegean Sea (depending on how the region is defined). The Balkans are washed by the Adriatic Sea in the west, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, and the Black Sea in the east. In the north, clear geographic delimitation of the Balkans becomes difficult because the Pannonian Basin of the Great Alfold (Great Hungarian Plain) extends from central Europe into parts of Croatia, Serbia, and Romania. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Land\u2019s End [PAR] Moldova\u2014although located north of the Danube River , which is frequently cited as the region\u2019s northeastern geographic dividing line\u2014is included in the Balkans under some definitions by virtue of its long-standing historical and cultural connections with Romania. However, Moldova is politically and economically oriented more toward other onetime republics of the former Soviet Union than it is to the Balkan states. More often than not, Slovenia is included as a member of the Balkans because of its long historical ties with its neighbours to the southeast and because of its former incorporation in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and federal Yugoslavia . Greece, because its northern regions of Epirus and Macedonia are often considered parts of the Balkans, also appears on many lists of Balkan states, but it is arguably better characterized as primarily a Mediterranean country. Turkey, too, is sometimes numbered among Balkan countries, as a result of Anatolia \u2019s presence on the peninsula, and the Ottoman Turks cast a long shadow of political dominance over the region for centuries (earning it the sobriquet \u201cTurkey in Europe\u201d or \u201cEuropean Turkey\u201d). [PAR] The word Balkan is Turkish and means \u201cmountain,\u201d and the peninsula is certainly dominated by this type of landform, especially in the west. The Balkan Mountains lie east-west across Bulgaria, the Rhodope Mountains extend along the Greek-Bulgarian border, and the Dinaric range extends down the Adriatic coast to Albania. By some definitions the region\u2019s northern boundary extends to the Julian Alps and the Carpathians . Among these ranges extensive areas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ireland-Information: An Outline Geography of Ireland Geography of Ireland [PAR] REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Ireland is an island on the western fringe of Europe between latitude 51 1/2 and 55 1/2 degrees north, and longitude 5 1/2 to 10 1/2 degrees west. Its greatest length, from Malin Head in the north to Mizen Head in the south, is 486 km and its greatest width from east to west is approximately 275 km. Since 1921 the island has been divided politically into two parts. The independent twenty-six county area, comprising 70,282 sq. km, has a population of 3,523,401 (1991). Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom and contains six of the nine counties of the ancient province of Ulster, has a population of 1,569,971 (1991). In 1973 Ireland became a member of the European Union (EU). [PAR] Physical Landscape [PAR] The two great mountain systems of Europe, north of the Alps, converge westwards to meet and mingle in Ireland. The older (Caledonian) extends from Scandinavia through Scotland to the north and west of Ireland, where it gives rise to the rugged and mountainous landscapes of Counties Donegal, Mayo and Galway. The higher mountains are of quartzite which weathers into bare, cone-shaped peaks such as Errigal (752 m) in Donegal, Croagh Patrick (765m) in Mayo and the Twelve Bens in Galway. Structures of similar age are responsible for the Wicklow and Blackstairs mountains which extend south-westwards from Dublin Bay for a distance of more than 100 km. In these, long-continued denudation of a great anticlinal structure has exposed a granite core which now forms rounded peat-covered uplands, the crests being notched in places by glacial cirques. The mountains are penetrated by deep glacially modified valleys of which the best known is Glendalough in County Wicklow. [PAR] The younger structures (Armorican) extend from central Europe through Brittany to southern Ireland, where they reappear as a series of east-west anticlinal sandstone ridges separated by limestone or shale-floored valleys. The hills rise in height westwards culminating in Carrantouhill (1041 m) in the Magillycuddy Reeks, the highest mountain in the country. The famous Upper Lake of Killarney nestles in the eastern slopes of this range. The valleys separating the western extension of these mountains have been flooded by the sea, giving rise to a number of long deep inlets. [PAR] In north-eastern Ireland basaltic lavas spread widely over the existing rocks in Eocene times and now form the bleak plateau of east Antrim. Westwards the basalt is downwarped and the resultant drift-covered lowland is occupied in part by Lough Neagh, the largest lake in Ireland. [PAR] The heart of the country is a limestone- floored lowland bounded on the south by the Armorican ridges and on the north and west by the Caledonian mountains. This lowland is open to the Irish Sea for a distance of 90 km between the Wicklow Mountains and the Carlingford peninsula, giving easy access to the country from the east. It also extends westwards to reach the Atlantic Ocean along the Shannon Estuary, in Galway Bay, in Clew Bay and again in Donegal Bay. Numerous hills break the monotony of the lowland which rises westward towards the coast in County Clare where it terminates in the cliffs of Moher, one of the finest lines of cliff scenery in Western Europe. [PAR] Much of Ireland was covered by ice during the Pleistocene period. This ice finally melted away about twelve thousand years ago, leaving behind evidence of its former presence in most of the minor physical features of the landscape. Throughout the greater part of the lowland"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Through what countries does the Danube River flow ... Through what countries does the Danube River flow? | Reference.com [PAR] Through what countries does the Danube River flow? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The Danube River flows through Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine. Its headwaters begin with the confluence of the Brigach and Breg rivers in the town of Donaueschingen in western Germany's mountainous Black Forest region and empties into the Black Sea at the Danube Delta in western Ukraine. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Danube River flows for a total of 1,770 miles, making it the European Union's longest river and the European continent's second longest river after the Volga. This river passes through many important cities, including four national capitals: Vienna, Austria; Bratislava, Slovakia; Budapest, Hungary; and Belgrade, Serbia. The Danube's drainage basin covers an area of 315,000 square miles and extends into several more countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Montenegro, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, the Republic of Macedonia and Albania. [PAR] The Danube was home to some of the earliest human cultures in Europe, and its long navigable length has made it an important highway for trade and war for thousands of years. It was a prize for which the Ottoman, Hungarian and Austrian Empires contended for hundreds of years. Today, it is still a major thoroughfare for trade, and it also provides drinking water for around 20 million people. People also use the Danube for fishing and for tours of the historical riches along its length."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cash and Currency Tips for Europe by Rick Steves Cash and Currency Tips for Europe by Rick Steves [PAR] Upon arrival, take a minute to get acquainted with any new currency. [PAR] By Rick Steves [PAR] When I first started traveling in Europe, I\u2019d convert my traveler\u2019s checks into cash at American Express \u2014 the convivial, welcoming home to American travelers abroad. When changing dollars into francs in Paris, it felt so good to lose money to that smiling, English-speaking person at the desk. Now with ATMs, the euro, and the general shrinking of the economic world, AmExCo is a dinosaur. [PAR] Leave the traveler\u2019s checks at home. I cashed my last traveler\u2019s check long ago. They\u2019re a waste of time (long lines at slow banks) and money (fees to get them, fees to cash them). ATMs are the way to go. [PAR] Avoid (or at least minimize) cash exchange. The financial industry does a masterful job of hiding the fact that you lose money each time you change it. On average, at a bank you lose 8 percent when you change dollars to euros or another foreign currency. When you use currency exchange booths such as Forex or Travelex at the airport, you lose around 15 percent. If you must change cash in Europe, the postal banks inside post offices usually have the best rate. [PAR] Don\u2019t buy foreign currency in advance. Some tourists just have to have euros or pounds in their pockets when they step off the airplane, but smart travelers don\u2019t bother and know better than to get lousy stateside exchange rates. Wait until you arrive at your destination; I\u2019ve never been to an airport in Europe that didn\u2019t have plenty of ATMs. [PAR] Use local cash. Many Americans exclaim gleefully, \u201cGee, they accept dollars! There\u2019s no need to change money.\u201d But the happy sales clerk doesn\u2019t tell you that your purchase is costing about 20 percent more because of the store\u2019s terrible exchange rate. Without knowing it, you\u2019re changing money \u2014 at a lousy rate \u2014 every time you buy something with dollars. [PAR] Figure out currency conversions. Local currencies are all logical. Each system is decimalized just like ours. There are a hundred \u201clittle ones\u201d (cents, pence, groszy, stotinki) in every \u201cbig one\u201d (euro, pound, z\u0142oty, lev). Only the names have been changed \u2014 to confuse the tourist. Examine the coins in your pocket soon after you arrive, and in two minutes you\u2019ll be comfortable with the nickels, dimes, and quarters of each new currency. [PAR] You don\u2019t need to constantly consult a currency converter. While you can do real-time conversion with a smartphone app, I\u2019ve never bothered. You just need to know the rough exchange rates. I see no need to have it figured to the third decimal. [PAR] Very roughly determine what the unit of currency (euros, kroner, Swiss francs, or whatever) is worth in American dollars. For example, let\u2019s say the exchange rate is \u20ac1 = $1.40. If a strudel costs \u20ac5, then it costs five times $1.40, or about $7. Ten euros is about $14, and \u20ac250 = $350 (figure about 250 plus a little less than one half). Quiz yourself. Soon it\u2019ll be second nature. Survival on a budget is easier when you\u2019re comfortable with the local currency. [PAR] Assume you\u2019ll be shortchanged. In banks, restaurants, at ticket booths, everywhere \u2014 expect to be shortchanged if you don\u2019t do your own figuring. Some people who spend their lives sitting in booths for eight hours a day taking money from strangers have no problem stealing from clueless tourists"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Money and Power: America and Europe in the 20th Century ... Money and Power: America and Europe in the 20th Century | History Today [PAR] Money and Power: America and Europe in the 20th Century [PAR] USA , Europe Political , Economic History [PAR] Money makes the world go around: Kathleen Burk looks at how the Yankee dollar transferred influence from the Old World to the New. [PAR] The international power of the United States in the twentieth century has been grounded in its economic strength. In 1900, even before the US had much of an army, it was perceived as a power and a future great power. By 1920 it was the supreme financial power in the world, having displaced Great Britain during the First World War. By 1945 it was virtually the only financial power, most others having been devastated by the Second World War. By 1985 it had lost its position as supreme financial power, with Japan succeeding to the crown. It had been a short but action-packed reign. [PAR] The economic power of the US, as of any country, can be difficult to pin down. Power to do what? After all, economic power is not necessarily transferable to other realms. Power exercised by whom? Does the term 'financial power' refer to private money controlled by bankers and private investors, or public money controlled by governments? Indeed, does 'financial power' exist if abundant private money cannot be directed according to government policy? Certainly these are important questions when considering American relations with Europe, because economic relations, economic aid and economic rivalry have been dominant themes. [PAR] Yet from the beginning of the century until the advent of Lend-Lease in 1940, the years 1917-19 excepted, the only American money available was private money: power arising from a government's ability to disperse cash was not at issue. It is in the post-war period, with foreign aid and contributions to multi-lateral institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, that this direct governmental pressure becomes possible. But of course, what money can also do is finance an aggressive foreign policy. But here a country needs a will to power and a willingness to accept continuing responsibilities. Only in the post-war period did the US clearly, and more or less steadily, conduct such a foreign and military policy. The fact that she could afford to do so constituted the great difference between the US and the UK, her erstwhile rival and now increasingly- dependent ally. [PAR] Clear distinctions have to be drawn, therefore, between private and public money, between wartime and peace-time, and between Europe and, for example, Latin America, where American economic power underlay its own informal empire. Within Europe itself, there are distinctions. American relations with the UK are of a different order from those with any other nation. The financial communities, for example, remained close throughout the twentieth century. On the other hand, the trading communities have frequently been great rivals. At the official level, the US saw Britain as a great rival during the whole period from 1.900 to at least 1947: thereafter she gradually took on the colouration of a dependent, a position highlighted if one looks at episodes such as the 1949 devaluation, the Suez crisis, the fight to maintain the pound during the 1960s, or the 1976 IMF crisis. [PAR] American relations with, for example, France and Germany, have been very different. For a good part of the period, Germany was either an enemy, as during both of the world wars, or a basket case, such as during the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paris Attacks: Disneyland Paris Closed - Hollywood Reporter Paris Attacks: Disneyland Paris Closed | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] AP Images [PAR] The decision was taken \"in light of the recent tragic events in France and in support of our community and the victims of these horrendous attacks.\" [PAR] Disneyland Paris said on Saturday that its two theme parks near the French capital will remain closed Saturday after the deadly attacks on Friday night. [PAR] \"In light of the recent tragic events in France and in support of our community and the victims of these horrendous attacks, Disneyland Paris has decided not to open its theme parks on Saturday 14 November,\" it said on its website. \"Our thoughts and prayers go out to all of those affected by these horrible events.\" [PAR] Disney theme parks have closed early or remained closed in the past due to major threats or events. [PAR] Euro Disney is the operator of Disneyland Paris. The Walt Disney Co. is its largest shareholder with a 40 percent stake. [PAR] Disneyland Paris, which opened in 1992, is located 20 miles east of the center of Paris in Marne-la-Vallee. It is the most visited theme park in all of France and Europe. A second theme park, Walt Disney Studios Park, opened in 2002 in the same location. [PAR] For the fiscal year ended Sept. 30, Euro Disney reported 14.8 million theme parks visitors, up from 14.2 million in the year before and down from 14.9 million in the year before that. [PAR] Tom Wolber, president of Euro Disney, said in recently announcing the figures that they reflect \"the benefits of our long-term strategy\" of investing in the parks and their attractions. He added: \"This strategy also implies incurring higher costs as we continue to improve the guest experience and invest in our cast. This year, we further enriched our guest offerings with new entertainment experiences, such as Frozen Summer Fun and the Jedi Training Academy.\" [PAR] Also remaining closed on Saturday will be the Eiffel Tower. Management later in the day said it would remain closed indefinitely. [PAR] The Louvre museum will be closed as well, according to The Associated Press. A Louvre spokeswoman said the museum opened as normal on Saturday with enhanced security, but was ordered closed by the Culture Ministry after President Francois Hollande called for national day of mourning. The Culture Ministry said \"public cultural sites\" were closed in the Paris region on Saturday, without specifying.[DOC] [TLE] History of Euro Disney | Disneyland\u00ae Paris History of Euro Disney | Disneyland\u00ae Paris [PAR] 1987 - Disney signs an agreement with the French authorities to create Euro Disney in France [PAR] 1992 - Euro Disney welcomes its first visitors [PAR] 1994 - The resort changes its name from Euro Disney to Disneyland\u00ae Resort Paris [PAR] More Magical by the Day [PAR] 1995 - Space Mountain - From the Earth to the Moon (now Space Mountain: Mission 2) takes its first passengers on a thrilling ride [PAR] 1996 - Eurostar starts running trains direct to Disneyland Paris [PAR] 1997 - 5th anniversary celebrations take place at the Park. It's a festival of flowers to celebrate springtime [PAR] A New Park Opens [PAR] 2001 - The number of guests visiting Disneyland Paris hits the 100 million mark [PAR] 2002 - Walt Disney Studios\u00ae Park opens alongside Disneyland Park, giving visitors a whole new world to explore [PAR] 2006 - Buzz Lightyear Laser Blast opens, inspired by Disney-Pixar's Toy Story 2 [PAR] Let the Celebrations Start! [PAR] 2007 - Toon Studio opens with larger-than-life rides and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Simplon Pass - Switzerland Tourism Simplon Pass - Switzerland Tourism [PAR] Simplon Pass [PAR] StreetView [PAR] The Simplon Pass links Brig (Valais) with Domodossola in Northern Italy. Now generally open in winter, it was used as early as the Stone Age, though until the 17th century it was mainly traversed by smugglers and mercenaries as the narrow Gondo Gorge was considered impassable, even by Roman Era architects. [PAR] Share contents [PAR] 5 Stars [PAR] The Simplon Pass was used as early as the Stone Age. But up to the 17th century it was used mainly by smugglers and mercenaries, because the narrow Gondo Gorge was considered by Roman Era architects to be impassable. It was the Brig merchant prince Kaspar Jodok von Stockalper, who began to use the Simplon Pass in the middle of the 17th century for bringing salt on the backs of mules from the Mediterranean. It goes without saying that the trade made him immensely rich. The monumental baroque Stockalper Palace in Brig bears witness to his epoch. [PAR] The first pass road suitable for vehicular traffic dates back to the time of Napoleon, who wanted to travel southward with his cannons. Over a hundred years later, in 1906, the railway tunnel through the Simplon was opened. At a length of 19 kilometers it was until recently the longest tunnel in the world. Thanks to the railway, cars can be loaded onto trains running between Brig and Iselle even in winter. The Simplon Pass road can be traveled practically all year round, but in spite of many protective terraces, it is possible for the pass road link to become temporarily interrupted. [PAR] From Brig, the road takes you over lengthy curves up the mountain. Halfway up, the Ganter Bridge crosses the Ganter Valley. The bold design of this modern bridge fits harmoniously into the countryside. At 2005 meters, on the summit of the pass, stands the Hospiz of the Bernardine monks. An eight-meter-high stone eagle reminds visitors of World War II. Looking toward the back, one sees the magnificent panorama of the Bernese Alps with the Bietschhorn and the glacier flanks of the four-thousand-meter giants Fletschhorn and Weissmies. [PAR] On the southern side of the pass, the road towards Italy passes Simplon Village. The style of the buildings with their typical stone plate roofs reminds visitors of the proximity of Italy. The village square is similar to an Italian piazza. The road continues via galleries and tunnels through the narrow Gondo Gorge that is hemmed in by granite walls. In the village of Gondo, gold mines can be visited. Here one of Switzerland\u2019s most remote valleys, the Zwischbergental, branches off to the west. In Gondo one crosses the border to Italy. [PAR] Today the Stockalper Trail (Stockalperweg), the 35-kilometer long, fully preserved Simplon mule-trail from the 17th century is the culturally important, historic hiking route from Brig over the Simplon Pass to Gondo. In the renovated Alte Gasthof (\u201dOld Inn\u201d) in Simplon Village, two museums dedicated to the cultural landscape on the Simplon were established. The trail can easily be hiked in three days, with overnights on the Simplon Pass and in Simplon Village. [PAR] What travelers share[DOC] [TLE] Simplon Pass and Tunnel (Brig, Switzerland): Top Tips ... Simplon Pass (Brig, Switzerland): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Recommended length of visit: <1 hour [PAR] Description: [PAR] The Simplon Pass (French: Col du Simplon; German: Simplonpass; Italian:... [PAR] The Simplon Pass (French: Col du Simplon; German: Simplonpass; Italian: Passo del Sempione) (2,005 m or 6,578 ft) is a high mountain pass between the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does BRAC stand for? - Abbreviations.com What does BRAC stand for? [PAR] We've got 24 definitions for BRAC \u00bb [PAR] What does BRAC stand for? [PAR] What does BRAC mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: BRAC. [PAR] Filter by: [PAR] What does BRAC mean? [PAR] Bra\u010d [PAR] Bra\u010d is an island in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia, with an area of 396 square kilometres, making it the largest island in Dalmatia, and the third largest in the Adriatic. It is separated from the mainland by the Bra\u010d Channel, which is 5 to 13 km wide. The island's tallest peak, Vidova gora, or Mount St. Vid, stands at 778 m, making it the highest island point in the Adriatic. The island has a population of 14,436, living in numerous settlements, ranging from the main town Supetar, with more than 3,300 inhabitants, to Murvica, where less than two dozen people live. Bol Airport on Bra\u010d is the largest airport of all islands surrounding Split. [PAR] Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of BRAC? [PAR] Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: [PAR] Discuss these BRAC abbreviations with the community: [PAR] Know what is BRAC ? Got another good explanation for BRAC ? Don't keep it to yourself! [PAR] Add it HERE! [PAR] Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! [PAR] Search the web"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Longest Rivers in Europe Top Ten Longest Rivers in Europe [PAR] List: Top Ten Longest Rivers in Europe [PAR] Date: 2007 [PAR] Source: Various Sources [PAR] Base: All rivers in Europe (including Russian rivers west of the Ural mountains). [PAR] Notes: The Volga River is the longest river system in Europe. It rises in the hills northwest of Moscow and then flows 2,300 miles (3,700 km) to the southeast before emptying into the Caspian Sea. It has more than 200 tributaries, including the Kama, Samara and Oka, occupying a watershed covering about 560,000 sq. mi. (1,450,000 sq. km), which is almost 41% of the European landmass. The Danube is the second longest river and is perhaps the most significant commercial waterway on the continent. It begins in the Black Forest region of Germany, flows across central Europe and the countries of Austria, Hungary, Croatia and Yugoslavia, forms the border between Romania and Bulgaria, before turning north across Romania to eventually flow into in the Black Sea. Important European long rivers that did not make the top ten include: The Loire and the Tagus, draining into the Atlantic Ocean, the Rhone, draining into the Mediterranean Sea and the Po, draining into the Adriatic Sea. [PAR] Rank"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie History - Filmbug Movie History - Filmbug [PAR] [PAR] Movie History [PAR] Movies developed gradually from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century. Motion picture films have had a substantial impact on the arts, technology, and politics. [PAR] The Birth of Film [PAR] William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chief engineer with the Edison Laboratories, is credited with the invention of a practicable form of celluloid strip containing a sequence of images, the basis of a method of photographing and projecting moving images. Celluloid blocks were thinly sliced, the slice marks were then removed with heated pressure plates. After this, the celluloid strips were coated with a photosensitive gelatin emulsion. In 1893 at the Chicago World Fair Thomas Edison introduced to the public two pioneering inventions based on this innovation: the Kinetograph, the first practical moving picture camera, and the Kinetoscope. The latter was a cabinet in which a continuous loop of Dickson's celluloid film (powered by an electric motor) was backlit by an incandescent lamp and seen through a magnifying lens. The spectator neared an eye piece. Kinetoscope parlours were supplied with fifty-foot film snippets photographed by Dickson, in Edison's \"Black Maria\" studio. These sequences recorded mundane events (such as Fred Ott's Sneeze, 1894) as well as entertainment acts like acrobats, music hall performers and boxing demonstrations. [PAR] Kinetoscope parlors soon spread successfully to Europe. Edison, however, never attempted to patent these instruments on the other side of the Atlantic, since they relied so greatly on previous experiments and innovations from Britain and Europe. This enabled the development of imitations, such as the camera devised by British electrician and scientific instrument maker Robert William Paul and his partner Birt Acres. [PAR] Paul had the idea of displaying moving pictures for group audiences, rather than just to individual viewers, and invented a film projector, giving his first public showing in 1895. At about the same time, in France, Auguste and Louis Lumi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre invented the cinematograph, a portable, three-in-one device: camera, printer, and projector. In late 1895 in Paris, father Antoine Lumi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre began exhibitions of projected films before the paying public, beginning the general conversion of the medium to projection (Cook, 1990). They quickly became Europe's main producers with their actualit\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds like Workers Leaving the Lumi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre Factory and comic vignettes like The Sprinkler Sprinkled (both 1895). Even Edison, initially dismissive of projection, joined the trend with the Vitascope within less than six months. The first public motion-picture film presentation in Europe, though, belongs to Max and Emil Skladanowsky of Berlin, who projected with their apparatus \"Bioscop\", a flickerfree duplex construction, November 1 through 31, 1895. [PAR] Still older, May, 1895, was Lauste in the U. S. A. with an Eidoloscope which he devised for the Latham family. The first public screening of film ever is due to Jean Aim\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \"Acme\" Le Roy, a French photographer. On February 5, 1894, his 40th birthday, he presented his \"Marvellous Cinematograph\" to a group of around twenty show business men in New York City. [PAR] The movies of the time were seen mostly via temporary storefront spaces and traveling exhibitors or as acts in vaudeville programs. A film could be under a minute long and would usually present a single scene, authentic or staged, of everyday life, a public event, a sporting event or slapstick. There was little to no cinematic technique: no editing and usually no camera movement, and flat, stagey compositions. But the novelty of realistically moving photographs was enough for a motion picture industry to mushroom before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beauty Queens Turned Big-Time Stars! | Access Hollywood Beauty Queens Turned Big-Time Stars! | Access Hollywood [PAR] Beauty Queens Turned Big-Time Stars! [PAR] 1 of 21 [PAR] AP [PAR] She\u2019s an Oscar winner now, but Halle Berry vied for a very different prize as Miss Ohio in the 1986 Miss USA pageant, where she finished as runner-up [PAR] 2 of 21 [PAR] AP [PAR] After Vanessa Williams was named Miss America in 1984, the actress made headlines with her nude photo controversy [PAR] 3 of 21 [PAR] AP [PAR] Years before her breakout role in \u201cScarface,\u201d Michelle Pfeiffer was chosen as Miss Orange County in 1978 [PAR] 4 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Before becoming a high-profile politician, Sarah Palin was crowned Miss Wasilla in 1984 and finished 3rd for Miss Alaska [PAR] 5 of 21 [PAR] AP [PAR] Diane Sawyer, then 17, was crowned Kentucky\u2019s Junior Miss after she defeated 18 other girls in the competition [PAR] 6 of 21 [PAR] AP [PAR] Jeri Ryan makes the fanboys sweat as Seven of Nine on \u201cStar Trek: Voyager\u201d, but before that, she competed in the Miss America Pageant as Miss Illinois in 1990 [PAR] 7 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Before her iconic career in TV and movies, Cloris Leachman competed in the Miss America pageant as Miss Chicago in 1946 [PAR] 8 of 21 [PAR] WireImage [PAR] Oprah Winfrey, the queen of daytime TV, was also given the title of Miss Black Tennessee back in 1972 [PAR] 9 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Long before becoming a TV talker, Kathie Lee Gifford represented the state of Maryland in the 1970 Junior Miss pageant [PAR] 10 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Nick Lachey nabbed himself a beauty queen! Vanessa Minillo was the first Miss South Carolina Teen who also went on to win Miss Teen USA in 1998 [PAR] 11 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Kelly Hu, who received her big actress break in \u201cGrowing Pains,\u201d won Miss Teen USA in 1985 and later won Miss Hawaii USA in 1993 [PAR] 12 of 21 [PAR] AP [PAR] Delta Burke, then 17, was named 1974 Miss Florida and later represented her state in the annual Miss America beauty show [PAR] 13 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Before becoming an Oscar nominated Actress, Sharon Stone competed in Miss Crawford County and later in the Miss Pennsylvania pageant in 1976 [PAR] 14 of 21 [PAR] Before becoming a reality TV star, Shanna Moakler was awarded Miss USA in 1995 [PAR] 15 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Former \u201cSaved by the Bell\u201d and \u201cBeverly Hills, 90210\u201d beauty Tiffani Thiessen competed for Miss Junior America back in 1987 [PAR] 16 of 21 [PAR] Access Hollywood [PAR] \u201cWheel of Fortune\u201d model Vanna White was awarded fourth runner-up in the Miss Georgia Universe competition in 1978 [PAR] 17 of 21 [PAR] The \u201cWarrior Princess,\u201d Lucy Lawless, was named Miss New Zealand in 1989 [PAR] 18 of 21 [PAR] AP [PAR] Raquel Welch, who many refer to as a \u201860s sex symbol, was the winner of the La Jolla Beauty Competition in 1955 [PAR] 19 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] One-time \u201cSaved By The Bell\u201d actress and \u201cBilly Madison\u201d beauty Bridgette Wilson-Sampras was crowned Miss Teen USA in 1990 [PAR] 20 of 21 [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Ali Landry found great success in beauty pageants when she won Miss USA in 1996 and went on to compete in Miss Universe [PAR] 21 of 21 [PAR] FilmMagic / Getty Images [PAR] Before becoming a breakout star on \u201cOne Tree"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Renowned Playwright Arthur Miller, Author of Death of a ... Renowned Playwright Arthur Miller, Author of Death of a Salesman, Is Dead at 89 | Playbill [PAR] Renowned Playwright Arthur Miller, Author of Death of a Salesman, Is Dead at 89 [PAR] By Kenneth Jones , Robert Simonson , Ernio Hernandez [PAR] Feb 11, 2005 [PAR] Arthur Miller, the author of the landmark drama Death of Salesman and widely regarded as America's greatest living playwright, has died. He was 89. [PAR] Arthur Miller at the July 29, 2004 opening night of After the Fall Photo by Aubrey Reuben [PAR] Mr. Miller was battling cancer, pneumonia and a heart condition, according to the New York Post, which first reported the writer's illness on Feb. 11. He had been receiving hospice care at sister Joan Copeland's New York apartment but, earlier this week, asked to be taken by ambulance to his longtime home in Roxbury, Connecticut. He died Thursday night. [PAR] Mr. Miller, a gruff, robust presence at the many recent New York revivals of his dramas, has been a mainstay in the American theatre since the late forties, when Broadway productions of All My Sons and Salesman made his reputation as a serious-minded playwright. His other works include The Crucible, A View From the Bridge, After the Fall, Incident at Vichy, The Price and The American Clock. [PAR] After a period in the 1970s and 1980s when Mr. Miller fell out of favor with the critics, his star rose again in the late nineties with acclaimed revivals of A View From the Bridge, Death of a Salesman, The Price and The Crucible\u2014all four were nominated for Tony Awards, with the first two winning\u2014as well as the Broadway debut of a new play, The Ride Down Mt. Morgan and the reclamation of his first, obscure work, The Man Who Had All the Luck, which was acclaimed in a 2002 revival at the Roundabout Theatre Company . [PAR] Mr. Miller's last known original work, Finishing the Picture, had its world premiere in fall 2004 at The Goodman Theatre. Robert Falls , who helmed Death of a Salesman recently at the Goodman and on Broadway, directed. The starry cast featured Harris Yulin, Frances Fisher, Stacy Keach, Stephen Lang, Linda Lavin , Matthew Modine, Scott Glenn and Heather Prete. [PAR] The script was inspired by the story of former wife Marilyn Monroe's last movie, 1961's \"The Misfits,\" which was directed by John Huston, and for which Mr. Miller penned the screenplay. During filming, Monroe was struggling with depression, unwieldy moods and substance abuse. The Goodman described the play this way: \"A distinguished director is about to lose his picture due to the unstable behavior of a famously fragile movie star. She's recognized all over the world, loved by millions, but unable to believe in herself. The studio owners are threatening to pull the plug, and a temperamental acting teacher is flown in to coax the actress out of bed and onto the set.\" [PAR] Upon learning of Mr. Miller's death, director Robert Falls, told Playbill.com: \"He had such joy and drive and pleasure in his work, and an engagement in the world. It never felt like working with a legend, it felt like working with a colleague. A greater fortune for me was not working on Death of a Salesman, but working on his last play Finishing the Picture. He treated them exactly the same. They were two plays where he couldn't wait to hear the laughter and applause of the audience. I feel a bit like I've lost my compass [with his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Psycho (1998) - IMDb Psycho (1998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A young female embezzler arrives at the Bates Motel, which has terrible secrets of its own. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 06 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 31 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 images [PAR] created 24 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 08 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Psycho \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After twenty-two years of psychiatric care, Norman Bates attempts to return to a life of solitude, but the specters of his crimes - and his mother - continue to haunt him. [PAR] Director: Richard Franklin [PAR] Norman Bates recalls his days as a young boy living with his schizophrenic mother while fearing his unborn child will inherit his split personality disorder. [PAR] Director: Mick Garris [PAR] Norman Bates falls in love with a nun - which makes his \"mother\" jealous - who has visited the Bates Motel alongside a drifter and a curious reporter. [PAR] Director: Anthony Perkins [PAR] A Phoenix secretary embezzles $40,000 from her employer's client, goes on the run, and checks into a remote motel run by a young man under the domination of his mother. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Marion Crane steals a lot of cash from a man whom her boss is in business with. On the way to see her boyfriend, she stops off by an old motel, run by the odd Norman Bates. She is murdered in the shower. Her sister, boyfriend, and a private investigator try to find out where she is, while we learn more about Norman Bates. Written by Jordan Sharp <rainman88@earthlink.net> [PAR] The Classic Story of a Boy and His Mother See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for violence and sexuality/nudity | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 4 December 1998 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] $10,031,850 (USA) (4 December 1998) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] In addition to their obvious unsuitability for the roles, the casting of Vince Vaughn and Anne Heche as Norman Bates and Marion Crane was distastefully inappropriate because Vaughn and Heche had just played lovers in Return to Paradise (1998). See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Some continuity errors were deliberately included, being copied from the original Psycho . See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [first lines] [PAR] Samuel 'Sam' Loomis : You never did eat your lunch, did you? [PAR] Marion Crane : I better get back to the office. These extended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cybernetics | Article about cybernetics by The Free Dictionary Cybernetics | Article about cybernetics by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Cybernetics | Article about cybernetics by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/cybernetics [PAR] Related to cybernetics: cyborg , Systems theory [PAR] cybernetics [PAR] [Gr.,=steersman], term coined by American mathematician Norbert Wiener Wiener, Norbert, [PAR] 1894\u20131964, American mathematician, educator, and founder of the field of cybernetics, b. Columbia, Mo., grad. Tufts College, 1909, Ph.D. Harvard, 1913. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. to refer to the general analysis of control systems control systems, [PAR] combinations of components (electrical, mechanical, thermal, or hydraulic) that act together to maintain actual system performance close to a desired set of performance specifications. Open-loop control systems (e.g. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. and communication communication, [PAR] transfer of information, such as thoughts and messages, as contrasted with transportation, the transfer of goods and persons (see information theory). The basic forms of communication are by signs (sight) and by sounds (hearing; see language). [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. systems in living organisms and machines. In cybernetics, analogies are drawn between the functioning of the brain and nervous system and the computer computer, [PAR] device capable of performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations. A computer is distinguished from a calculating machine, such as an electronic calculator, by being able to store a computer program (so that it can repeat its operations and make logical [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. and other electronic systems. The science overlaps the fields of neurophysiology, information theory information theory [PAR] or communication theory, [PAR] mathematical theory formulated principally by the American scientist Claude E. Shannon to explain aspects and problems of information and communication. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , computing machinery, and automation automation, [PAR] automatic operation and control of machinery or processes by devices, such as robots that can make and execute decisions without human intervention. The principal feature of such devices is their use of self-correcting control systems that employ feedback, i.e. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . See servomechanism servomechanism, [PAR] automatic device for the control of a large power output by means of a small power input or for maintaining correct operating conditions in a mechanism. It is a type of feedback control system. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . [PAR] Bibliography [PAR] See N. Wiener, Cybernetics (rev. ed. 1961) and The Human Use of Human Beings (1967); F. H. Fuchs, The Brain as a Computer (1973). [PAR] cybernetics [PAR] \u2018the science of control and communication in the animal and the machine\u2019. As coined by Nobert Weiner in the 1940s (see Weiner, 1949), and stimulated by the advent of modern computing, the term was intended to draw attention to common processes at work in systems of [PAR] Cybernetics [PAR] [PAR] the science of control, communications, and data processing. [PAR] Subject. The principal objects of cybernetic research are \u201ccybernetic systems.\u201d In general or theoretical cybernetics such systems are considered in the abstract, without reference to their real physical nature. The high level of abstraction enables cybernetics to find general methods for approaching the study of qualitatively different systems\u2014for example, technological, biological, and even social systems. [PAR] The abstract cybernetic system is a set of interrelated objects, called the elements of the system, that are capable of receiving, storing, and processing data, as well as exchanging them. Examples of cybernetic systems are various kinds of automatic control devices in engineering (for example, an automatic pilot or a controller"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) - IMDb Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Tarzan the Ape Man ( 1932 ) [PAR] Passed | [PAR] A trader and his daughter set off in search of the fabled graveyard of the elephants in deepest Africa, only to encounter a wild man raised by apes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Edgar Rice Burroughs (based upon the characters created by), Cyril Hume (adaptation) | 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 11 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 05 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 18 Jun 2015 [PAR] Title: Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Directors: Cedric Gibbons, Jack Conway, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Johnny Weissmuller, Maureen O'Sullivan, Neil Hamilton [PAR] Directors: Richard Thorpe, John Farrow, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Johnny Weissmuller, Maureen O'Sullivan, John Buckler [PAR] Tarzan and Jane go to New York to rescue Boy after he is kidnapped into a circus. [PAR] Director: Richard Thorpe [PAR] Tarzan's jungle home, and his family, Jane and Boy, are threatened by men greedy for gold. [PAR] Director: Richard Thorpe [PAR] Zandra, white princess of a lost civilization, comes to Tarzan for help when Nazis invade the jungle with plans to conquer her people and take their wealth. Tarzan, the isolationist, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Wilhelm Thiele [PAR] A letter from Jane, who is nursing British troops, asks Tarzan's help in obtaining a malaria serum extractable from jungle plants. Tarzan and Boy set out across the desert looking for the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Wilhelm Thiele [PAR] A group of archaeologists asks Tarzan to help them find an ancient city in a hidden valley of women. He refuses, but Boy is tricked into doing the job. The queen of the women asks Tarzan to help them. [PAR] Director: Kurt Neumann [PAR] An African tribe devoted to the leopard cult is dedicated to preventing civilization from moving further into Africa. Tarzan fights them when the cult first attacks a caravan and next ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Kurt Neumann [PAR] Boy is away at school in England. The high priest is trying to force a young girl to marry an evil pearl trader posing as the god Balu. She escapes, is recaptured and is finally rescued by ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Robert Florey [PAR] A shortage of zoo animals after World War II brings beautiful animal trainer Tanya, her financial backer and her cruel trail boss to the jungle. After negotiating a quota with the native ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Kurt Neumann [PAR] A shipping disaster in the 19th Century has stranded a man and woman in the wilds of Africa. The lady is pregnant, and gives birth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthony Quinn - Biography - IMDb Anthony Quinn - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Anthony Quinn [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 64 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (33) | Personal Quotes (20) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 3 June 2001 , Boston, Massachusetts, USA (pneumonia and respiratory failure due to complications from throat cancer) [PAR] Birth Name [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Anthony Quinn was born Antonio Rudolfo Oaxaca Quinn on April 21, 1915, in Chihuahua, Mexico, to Manuela (Oaxaca) and Francisco Quinn, who became an assistant cameraman at a Los Angeles (CA) film studio. His paternal grandfather was Irish, and the rest of his family was Mexican. After starting life in extremely modest circumstances in Mexico, his family moved to Los Angeles, where he grew up in the Boyle Heights and Echo Park neighborhoods. He attended Polytechnic High School and later Belmont High, but eventually dropped out. The young Quinn boxed (which stood him in good stead as a stage actor, when he played Stanley Kowalski in \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" to rave reviews in Chicago), then later studied architecture under Frank Lloyd Wright at the great architect's studio, Taliesin, in Arizona. Quinn was close to Wright, who encouraged him when he decided to give acting a try. After a brief apprenticeship on stage, Quinn hit Hollywood in 1936 and picked up a variety of small roles in several films at Paramount, including an Indian warrior in The Plainsman (1936), which was directed by the man who later became his father-in-law, Cecil B. DeMille . [PAR] As a contract player at Paramount, Quinn mainly played villains and ethnic types, such as an Arab chieftain in the Bing Crosby - Bob Hope vehicle Road to Morocco (1942). As a Mexican national (he did not become an American citizen until 1947), he was exempt from the draft. With many actors in the service fighting World War II, Quinn was able to move up into better supporting roles. He had married DeMille's daughter Katherine DeMille , which afforded him entrance to the top circles of Hollywood society. [PAR] He became disenchanted with his career and did not renew his Paramount contract despite the advice of others, including his father-in-law (whom Quinn felt never accepted him due to his Mexican roots). Instead, he returned to the stage to hone his craft. His portrayal of Stanley Kowalski in \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" in Chicago and on Broadway (where he replaced the legendary Marlon Brando , who is forever associated with the role) made his reputation and boosted his film career when he returned to the movies. [PAR] Brando and Elia Kazan , who directed \"Streetcar\" on Broadway and on film ( A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)), were crucial to Quinn's future success. Kazan, knowing the two were potential rivals due to their acclaimed portrayals of Kowalski, cast Quinn as Brando's brother in his biographical film of Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata , Viva Zapata! (1952). Quinn won the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for 1952, making him the first Mexican-American to win an Oscar. It was not to be his lone appearance in the winner's circle: he won his second Supporting Actor Oscar in 1957 for his portrayal of Paul Gauguin in Vincente Minnelli 's biographical film of Vincent van Gogh , Lust for Life (1956), opposite Kirk Douglas . Over the next decade Quinn lived in Italy and became a major figure in world cinema, as many studios shot films in Italy to take advantage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scott's Tip Of The Day: Top 10 People Who Squint Too Much Scott's Tip Of The Day: Top 10 People Who Squint Too Much [PAR] I have accumulated a great deal of knowledge over the years and it would be a crime not to share it with you. [PAR] Tuesday, August 25, 2009 [PAR] Top 10 People Who Squint Too Much [PAR] Scott's Tip Of The Day: If you need glasses, buy glasses. Then wear glasses. It's simple. You can buy contacts too. Just do something. I can't watch you squint anymore. It's getting on my nerves. What? Who am I directing this towards? [PAR] TOP 10 PEOPLE WHO SQUINT TOO MUCH [PAR] 9&10. Cheech & Chong [PAR] Well, I think we all know why Cheech & Chong squint. They always seem to have a good time though. Chong already wears glasses and they don't seem to help, so I think this is one of those cases where you just let it slide. [PAR] 8. Paul Reubens AKA Pee Wee Herman [PAR] Paul. Where do I start? You're funny. But you're a scary motherfu**er. Sometimes I wonder if you're half mongoloid. Whatever the case. All you do is laugh and squint and make weird noises and pleasure yourself in adult cinemas. I think we need to get you some glasses. I think we also need to get you some heavy medication. There, there. We will get you better. [PAR] 7. Fred Willard [PAR] Are you squinting? Do you really look like that? I can't tell. You are already a funny guy, Fred. You don't need to squint to be funny. Stop that. And if you can't help it? Then I guess I am just an insensitive assh**e. [PAR] 6. Clint Eastwood [PAR] It must be bright in that desert, Clint, because all you do is squint. You shoot people, you squint, you shoot a few more people, you squint, and so on and so forth. Do yourself a favor man. Buy some sunglasses. Maybe you don't even need prescription lenses! [PAR] 5. Nicole Kidman [PAR] Nicole Kidman. What did you inject into your face? It's like the top of your forehead is running away from your eyes. You are beginning to look like a japanimation character. I don't think you need glasses, just stop it with the surgery already. [PAR] 4. Joan Rivers [PAR] Unlike Nicole, I think it's too late for Joan. If she stopped getting these plastic surgery tune ups, she would probably drip into a gelatinous blob on the floor. There is nothing we can do for you and your squinting Joan. Just try to keep those eyes open. You can do it, I know you can. [PAR] 3. Renee Zellweger [PAR] Hey Renee. Aren't you impressed I spelled your name correctly? It's tough, right? I don't know what's wrong with your face but I don't think glasses is going to fix it. Maybe some plastic surgery will fix it? Just don't go to Joan Rivers' plastic surgeon [PAR] 2. Gilbert Gottfried [PAR] Gilbert. You're a funny man. You're small too. You're a small funny man. But apparently you never learned to speak with \"inside voices\" in kindergarten. You also never bought yourself corrective eye lenses because I've never ever seen the white's of your eyes. Do yourself a favor. You can afford glasses. Buy them! [PAR] 1.French Stewart [PAR] Your name is \"French!\" Weird! Although the other people on this list squint too much, you never stop squinting. It's like a perpetual thing. Do you need glasses? Did you lodge something up your tuchus?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Crying Game (1992) - IMDb The Crying Game (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A British soldier is kidnapped by IRA terrorists. He befriends one of his captors, who is drawn into the soldier's world. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 29 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 25 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 05 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 18 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 09 Dec 2013 [PAR] Title: The Crying Game (1992) [PAR] 7.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 20 wins & 36 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] An unlikely kind of friendship develops between Fergus, an Irish Republican Army volunteer, and Jody, a kidnapped British soldier lured into an IRA trap by Jude, another IRA member. When the hostage-taking ends up going horribly wrong, Fergus escapes and heads to London, where he seeks out Jody's lover, a hairdresser named Dil. Fergus adopts the name \"Jimmy\" and gets a job as a day laborer. He also starts seeing Dil, who knows nothing about Fergus' IRA background. But there are some things about Dil that Fergus doesn't know, either... Written by Eugene Kim <genekim@concentric.net> [PAR] The movie everyone is talking about... But no one is giving away its secrets. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for sexuality, strong violence and language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 19 February 1993 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] The Soldier's Wife See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Debut theatrical feature film of actor Jaye Davidson who got Oscar nominated for his performance upon debut. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] During the scene shot at Balbriggan County, Dublin, a Northern Ireland Railways GM locomotive 113 passes in the background, with a passenger train. The sound dubbed in is a British Rail HST railcar set, which is quite different. The sound effect is also too short; most of the train passes silently. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Jody : [playing ring toss at a carnival] Right. [PAR] [tosses a ring] [PAR] Jody : And that. And that is cricket, hon. [PAR] Jody : [wins a large teddy bear] Do you want it? [PAR] Jude : Sure! [PAR] Jody : [hands her the teddy bear] Doesn't matter if you don't. You know I won't be offended. Jody's never offended. What'd you say your name was? [PAR] (Providence, RI, USA) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] The first part of The Crying Game is based on a great short story by Frank O'Connor, \"Guests of the Nation.\" The balance of this provocative, brilliantly made film takes you on a journey fueled by guilt, romance, terrorist intrigue, and a plot twist that ranks as one of the most startling in all cinema. The acting, by Forest Whitaker, Stephen Rea, Jaye Davidson, and others, is all first-rate; the cinematography and score are stellar; and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Iran Hostage Crisis \u2014 Part I - Association for ... The Iran Hostage Crisis \u2014 Part I - Association for Diplomatic Studies and TrainingAssociation for Diplomatic Studies and Training [PAR] Moments in U.S. Diplomatic History [PAR] The Iran Hostage Crisis \u2014 Part I [PAR] More Moments in U.S. Diplomatic History [PAR] November 4, 1979 \u2013 Radical Iranian students take over the U.S. embassy in Tehran and hold 52 Americans hostage. The embassy had been seized in February of that year, shortly after the Ayatollah Khomeini returned from exile in Paris, but that was resolved quickly; few suspected that this diplomatic crisis would end up lasting 444 days and cost the lives of eight soldiers who died during the ill-fated Operation Eagle Claw rescue attempt on April 24, 1980. [PAR] Bruce Laingen was Charge d\u2019affaires of the embassy and was one of three people who spent most of that time held hostage at the Foreign Ministry. In this interview, conducted by Charles Stuart Kennedy starting in January 1993, he discusses the run-up to the takeover, his stay at the Ministry, the \u201cCanadian caper,\u201d which became the inspiration for the movie Argo, and the negotiations which led to their eventual release. [PAR] His wife Penne\u2019s experiences from Washington can be read here. To see Part II, go here . To see a video interview, go to our sister site, usdiplomacy.org . Read also John Limbert\u2019s experience as a hostage in the U.S. embassy and Kathleen Stafford\u2019s account as a \u201chouse guest\u201d of the Canadians, the inspiration for the movie Argo. [PAR] [PAR] Prelude to the Takeover [PAR] LAINGEN: Our big concern was a very large demonstration planned for support of the revolution on November 1, three days before the embassy was overrun. That demonstration was originally scheduled to take place around the walls of the embassy and in the immediate environs of where we were. [PAR] At the last minute, indeed the night before on October 31, the word was sent around that the Ayatollah had directed that the revolutionary demonstration take place in another area further from the embassy. The next morning, the bulk of the demonstrators did go to that other destination, but somewhere between one and two thousand demonstrators nonetheless came to the embassy compound that morning and spent the day marching back and forth around the walls. We anticipated some of that, to the point where we had added security and the Marines were in sort of battle formation that morning. [PAR] I recall, myself, going out to the gates of the embassy to look around that morning and at one point having the chief of police come rushing up in his jeep to take a look at the situation and assure me through the gates that things were under control, that I need not be concerned about any particular danger. [PAR] They were noisy during the day. A lot of graffiti was put on the walls, on the outside. There were some tense moments late in the day, when some of the more determined demonstrations were determined to keep it up and put some banners on the outside of our main gates, denouncing us and putting up pictures of the Ayatollah. It caused us a rather difficult stretch late that evening, requiring our security officers, particularly Alan Golacinski, to spend some very tense moments out there. We were finally able to resolve it. [PAR] Q: What type of thing are you talking about? [PAR] LAINGEN: More than I knew at the time. We were demanding that the posters be taken down, that the Ayatollah\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Allende, death of a Marxist dream (Book, 1981) [WorldCat.org] Allende, death of a Marxist dream (Book, 1981) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] Find more libraries Librarian? Claim your library to [PAR] Allende, death of a Marxist dream [PAR] Author: [PAR] Westport, CT : Arlington House, \u00a91981. [PAR] Edition/Format: [PAR] Print book : Biography : English View all editions and formats [PAR] Database: [PAR] WorldCat [PAR] Summary: [PAR] When Salvador Allende took power in Chile a decade ago, he was the world's first freely-elected Marxist president. Major newspapers sized it up as the most important event in Latin America since Fidel Castro, nearly a dozen years earlier, had swept down from the Sierra Maestra to seize power in Havana. Three years later Allende died in the rocket-blasted rubble of his presidential palace. He would rise from the dead to be transformed into what English writer David Holden would describe as the world's most potent cult figure since Che Guevara. - Jacket flap. Read more... [PAR] Rating: [PAR] You are connected to the University of Washington Libraries network [PAR] Hide local services for this item [PAR] OCLC FirstSearch [PAR] Add library to Favorites [PAR] Please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours. [PAR] Allow this favorite library to be seen by others [PAR] Keep this favorite library private [PAR] Find a copy in the library [PAR] Finding libraries that hold this item... [PAR] Details [PAR] ix, 230 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm [PAR] Responsibility: [PAR] James R. Whelan. [PAR] Abstract: [PAR] When Salvador Allende took power in Chile a decade ago, he was the world's first freely-elected Marxist president. Major newspapers sized it up as the most important event in Latin America since Fidel Castro, nearly a dozen years earlier, had swept down from the Sierra Maestra to seize power in Havana. Three years later Allende died in the rocket-blasted rubble of his presidential palace. He would rise from the dead to be transformed into what English writer David Holden would describe as the world's most potent cult figure since Che Guevara. - Jacket flap. [PAR] Reviews [PAR] Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. [PAR] Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An American Nobel Prize in Literature - Nov 05, 1930 ... An American Nobel Prize in Literature - Nov 05, 1930 - HISTORY.com [PAR] An American Nobel Prize in Literature [PAR] Share this: [PAR] An American Nobel Prize in Literature [PAR] Author [PAR] An American Nobel Prize in Literature [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Sinclair Lewis is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature \u201cfor his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.\u201d Lewis, born in Sauk Center, Minnesota, was the first American to win the distinguished award. [PAR] Lewis established his literary reputation in the 1920s with a series of satirical novels about small-town life in the United States, including Main Street (1920), Babbitt (1922), Arrowsmith (1925), and Elmer Gantry (1927). In these novels, his central characters strive to escape their emotionally and intellectually repressive environments, with varying degrees of success. In 1926, he turned down the Pulitzer Prize awarded him for Arrowsmith but in 1930 decided to accept Sweden\u2019s Nobel Prize. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This Day in History: First Black Student Enrolls at ... This Day in History: First Black Student Enrolls at University of Alabama [PAR] This Day in History: First Black Student Enrolls at University of Alabama [PAR] This Day in History: First Black Student Enrolls at University of Alabama [PAR] Autherine Lucy faced riots and threats to her life, all to desegregate the university [PAR] by Cristie Leondis Posted: February 3, 2015 [PAR] A- A A+ [PAR] (Image: thedigitalmuse.net) [PAR] Black History Month is upon us as a reminder of the events during the Civil Rights Movement and the people in history of African Americans who made freedom possible and made great strides to better the world. [PAR] On this week in 1956 , history was changed as Autherine J. Lucy became the first black student to enroll at the University of Alabama. By today, she\u2019d had her first few classes at the school, and faced tremendous harassment. [PAR] She was born the youngest of 10 siblings in Shiloh, Alabama in 1929, and attended Selma University, later graduating with a bachelor\u2019s in English from the all-black Miles College in 1952. After completing her education, she and her classmate/ activist Pollie Ann Myers, decided to enroll at the all-white University of Alabama grad school program. Both were accepted, but once university officials were provided with information that they were African Americans, the two students were barred from enrolling. [PAR] [Related: This Day in History: Ernest Just Receives the Spingarn Medal for Strides in Science] [PAR] The women were represented by attorneys Thurgood Marshall and Arthur Shores, who petitioned for acceptance and admittance. However, it wasn\u2019t until the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education that Autherine would once again confront and challenge the university\u2019s policies. In Feb. 1955, a federal judge ruled that the university must admit them. After the institution denied Myer\u2019s admission on the basis of being pregnant out of wedlock, Autherine made the bold decision to attend by herself. [PAR] Three days into classes, she was confronted by a group of students who were armed with rocks, eggs, and bricks, yelling racist comments and even threatening her life. The rioters were protesting her admission, leaving her to hide in the auditorium and eventually be escorted out of the building. Fortunately, she was unharmed, but later that evening she was suspended by the University Board of Trustees \u201cfor her protection.\u201d Sadly, attorneys were unable to immediately reverse the expulsion, but several years later in 1988 it was overturned. In 1992, she proudly earned her MA in elementary education from the University of Alabama, which was extremely well deserved. Autherine Lucy will always be remembered for her bravery, persistence, strength, and ultimately achieving her lifetime goal. [PAR] Follow updates on this series via social media using #BE28andGreat for the whole month of February.[DOC] [TLE] Vivian Malone Jones, First Black to Graduate From University Vivian Malone Jones, First Black to Graduate From University of Alabama, Dies at 63 | Fox News [PAR] Vivian Malone Jones, First Black to Graduate From University of Alabama, Dies at 63 [PAR] Published October 13, 2005 [PAR] Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print [PAR] ATLANTA \u2013 Vivian Malone Jones ( search ), one of two black students whose effort to enroll at the University of Alabama led to George Wallace's ( search ) infamous \"stand in the schoolhouse door\" in 1963, died Thursday. She was 63. [PAR] Jones, who went on to become the first black to graduate from the school, died at Atlanta Medical Center ( search ), where she had been admitted Tuesday after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First liquid-fueled rocket - Mar 16, 1926 - HISTORY.com First liquid-fueled rocket - Mar 16, 1926 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The first man to give hope to dreams of space travel is American Robert H. Goddard, who successfully launches the world\u2019s first liquid-fueled rocket at Auburn, Massachusetts, on March 16, 1926. The rocket traveled for 2.5 seconds at a speed of about 60 mph, reaching an altitude of 41 feet and landing 184 feet away. The rocket was 10 feet tall, constructed out of thin pipes, and was fueled by liquid oxygen and gasoline. [PAR] The Chinese developed the first military rockets in the early 13th century using gunpowder and probably built firework rockets at an earlier date. Gunpowder-propelled military rockets appeared in Europe sometime in the 13th century, and in the 19th century British engineers made several important advances in early rocket science. In 1903, an obscure Russian inventor named Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky published a treatise on the theoretical problems of using rocket engines in space, but it was not until Robert Goddard\u2019s work in the 1920s that anyone began to build the modern, liquid-fueled type of rocket that by the early 1960s would be launching humans into space. [PAR] Goddard, born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1882, became fascinated with the idea of space travel after reading the H.G. Wells\u2019 science fiction novel War of the Worlds in 1898. He began building gunpowder rockets in 1907 while a student at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and continued his rocket experiments as a physics doctoral student and then physics professor at Clark University. He was the first to prove that rockets can propel in an airless vacuum-like space and was also the first to explore mathematically the energy and thrust potential of various fuels, including liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. He received U.S. patents for his concepts of a multistage rocket and a liquid-fueled rocket, and secured grants from the Smithsonian Institute to continue his research. [PAR] In 1919, his classic treatise A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes was published by the Smithsonian. The work outlined his mathematical theories of rocket propulsion and proposed the future launching of an unmanned rocket to the moon. The press picked up on Goddard\u2019s moon-rocket proposal and for the most part ridiculed the scientist\u2019s innovative ideas. In January 1920, The New York Times printed an editorial declaring that Dr. Goddard \u201cseems to lack the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools\u201d because he thought that rocket thrust would be effective beyond the earth\u2019s atmosphere. (Three days before the first Apollo lunar-landing mission in July 1969, the Times printed a correction to this editorial.) [PAR] In December 1925, Goddard tested a liquid-fueled rocket in the physics building at Clark University. He wrote that the rocket, which was secured in a static rack, \u201coperated satisfactorily and lifted its own weight.\u201d On March 16, 1926, Goddard accomplished the world\u2019s first launching of a liquid-fueled rocket from his Aunt Effie\u2019s farm in Auburn. [PAR] Goddard continued his innovative rocket work until his death in 1945. His work was recognized by the aviator Charles A. Lindbergh, who helped secure him a grant from the Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics. Using these funds, Goddard set up a testing ground in Roswell, New Mexico, which operated from 1930 until 1942. During his tenure there, he made 31 successful flights, including one of a rocket that reached 1.7 miles off the ground in 22.3 seconds. Meanwhile, while Goddard conducted his limited tests without official U.S. support, Germany took the initiative in rocket development and by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FILM REVIEW -- `Island' -- Geena Davis' Ship of Foolishness FILM REVIEW -- `Island' -- Geena Davis' Ship of Foolishness - SFGate [PAR] FILM REVIEW -- `Island' -- Geena Davis' Ship of Foolishness [PAR] PETER STACK, Chronicle Staff Critic [PAR] Published 4:00 am, Friday, December 22, 1995 [PAR] CUTTHROAT ISLAND. Adventure drama starring Geena Davis , Matthew Modine , Frank Langella . Directed by Renny Harlin . (PG-13, 123 minutes. At the Kabuki, Century Plaza.) [PAR] They should have sunk the regretable \"Cutthroat Island\" before ever casting off. Geena Davis plays a scrappy pirate adroit with sword, haymaker punches and acrobatic leaps. And she looks ridiculous in the role. The film drops anchor today at theaters throughout the Bay Area. [PAR] It's a swashbuckling extravaganza, but Davis is not convincing. And before anyone objects, it's not because she's a woman. Get out already! This is the '90s, and women can do anything. But they can't escape from a lousy movie any better than a man can. [PAR] Davis is plenty tough -- and kinda pretty -- as Morgan, the buccaneer who inherits her late father's ship and part of a treasure map. Yet if she seems silly, audiences have only to wait until her pirating companion, played by Matthew Modine, arrives on the scene to show how swashes can buckle entirely. [PAR] Ever since the fizzle of \"Hook,\" folks interested in pirates have had little to feed on. They might have been looking forward to \"Cutthroat Island,\" even forgiving its promotional trailer that makes the adventure look like a busybox Matthew Modine and Geena Davis co-star in the pirate epic 'Cutthroat Island' of fake effects, over-rollicking mariner types and too much yard- arm derring-do to take seriously. The bad news: The film, which is more than two hours, is as lousy as the trailer made it look. [PAR] There must have been some other feature idea for Davis to tackle with her considerable charm and intelligence. Maybe director Renny Harlin, who's her husband, rattled her saber enough to make her want to play the part with such pert zeal that \"Cutthroat Island\" seems at times like a dizzy Gilbert & Sullivan costume show without any saucy music. [PAR] There is lush scenery in the film. Two replicated 17th century pirate ships will be of interest to some viewers, but somehow they look phony (at least to this ship fancier). [PAR] Morgan's portion of the treasure map is written in Latin and she can't read it. When she learns that a twit named William Shaw (Modine), who passes himself off as a physician, can read Latin, she buys him at an auction where's he's being sold into slavery because he's a knave. [PAR] A romantic pairing seems inevitable. But with so many stunts to perform, so many sabers and cannon balls and lashes and muskets to deal with, there isn't much time for kissing. A bullying bad guy named Dawg Brown (Frank Langella) is always nearby in his pursuit of the treasure. A couple of stunts are spectacular, but somehow boring at the same time -- no easy feat. [PAR] The most punishing aspect of \"Cutthroat Island\" is that it just wears down the viewer with a helter-skelter, needlessly overblown quality. No wonder those old pirates didn't survive -- they were too tired from so much hyperactivity. [PAR] Latest from the SFGATE homepage: [PAR] Click below for the top news from around the Bay Area and beyond. Sign up for our newsletters to be the first to learn about breaking news and more. Go to 'Sign In' and 'Manage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Day for Night \u2013 review | Film | The Guardian Day for Night \u2013 review | Film | The Guardian [PAR] The Observer [PAR] Day for Night \u2013 review [PAR] Jacqueline Bisset and Jean-Pierre L\u00e9aud in Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut\u2019s Day for Night, which also features a brief appearance by Graham Greene. [PAR] Saturday 19 February 2011 19.05 EST [PAR] First published on Saturday 19 February 2011 19.05 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Charlie Chaplin had been making movies for less than a month when he appeared in A Film Johnnie, a one-reel comedy about moviegoing and moviemaking set around the Keystone Studio. This genre of films with a movie background has flourished ever since, with pictures ranging from Nicholas Ray's In a Lonely Place to Satyajit Ray's Nayak. While most are set in Hollywood, three of the very best are by European directors: Fellini's 8\u00bd, Godard's Le m\u00e9pris and Truffaut's Day for Night (aka La nuit am\u00e9ricaine). [PAR] Truffaut's warm, humane film, made in 1973, can be seen as a delayed riposte to Godard's acrid attack on the commercial cinema in Le m\u00e9pris, the action of which it closely parallels. A vicious letter Godard wrote to Truffaut about Day for Night effectively turned their friendship into a bitter enmity. [PAR] Set in Nice's Victorine Studios, where it was filmed, Day for Night is a touching, funny and accurate account of the travails (accidents, disputes, affairs, imbroglios, death) involved in the making of an all-star international picture called Je vous pr\u00e9sente Pam\u00e9la. It is a Pirandellian affair, an elegiac celebration of a dying kind of cinema, a meditation on the connection between film and life by Truffaut, who plays Ferrand, the film's constantly troubled yet dedicated director, a man much like himself. Ferrand compares the process of film-making to \"a stagecoach journey into the far west. At the start you hope for a beautiful trip. But shortly you wonder if you will make it at all.\" [PAR] He lives for the movies and at night has a recurrent monochrome dream about what appears to be a horrific childhood experience. It turns out to be a memory of stealing cherished stills of Citizen Kane from a cinema foyer. My favourite line is spoken by the lovely Nathalie Baye as Truffaut's indispensable assistant: \"I'd give up a guy for a film, but I'd never give up a film for a guy.\" [PAR] Le m\u00e9pris is arguably a better, more trenchant film and has a commanding performance by Fritz Lang as the director of the film within the film. But Day for Night is the one I love, and among its many delights is the brief appearance as a British insurance adviser of Graham Greene, credited as Henry Graham. His real identity was unknown to Truffaut who cast him for his distinguished appearance, believing him to be a retired English businessman living in the South of France. [PAR] The film has a special moment that always makes my heart leap. It occurs when Truffaut receives a parcel of books, which he eagerly cuts open and tosses them one by one on to the table in front of him. They're monographs on directors, all in French except for two \u2013 Robin Wood's Hitchcock and a symposium on Jean-Luc Godard to which I contributed the chapter on Une femme mari\u00e9e.[DOC] [TLE] Day for Night Blu-ray Day for Night Blu-ray [PAR] Day for Night Blu-ray [PAR] La nuit am\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdricaine Criterion | 1973 | 116 min | Rated PG | Aug 18, 2015 [PAR] Large: [PAR] French: LPCM Mono (48kHz, 24-bit) [PAR] French: LPCM"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Malibu Hot Summer Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Malibu Hot Summer Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 7 out of 9 people found the following review useful: [PAR] cheesy 1970's style softcore porn [PAR] from Los Angeles CA [PAR] 28 September 1999 [PAR] Shot in 1974 but not released until 1986 the film can be mainly of interest to anyone because 19-year old Kevin Costner plays a small role as a ranch hand. Interesting thing is, he is actually the best thing about the movie -- he at least tries to act. He's rough around the edges but one can see that a couple years of acting lessons added to that laid-back \"aw shucks ma'am\" demeanor will make him the star he is today. The rest of the cast gives your typical low budget talent-free performances. Plot (if you can it that) centers around three uniquely untalented women trying to make it in la-la land. lots of t & a, tacky sets and costumes, bad cinematography, a cheesy script, and tuneless music. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 4 out of 5 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Not all bad! [PAR] from UK [PAR] 25 December 2007 [PAR] A fairly decent T and A flick that delivers plenty of nudity in it's runtime.Good looking girls too!There are better beach movies out there but fans of the genre would do well to check it out.Kevin Costners only in a few scenes although he's clearly the most natural actor in the film.IMDb states in \"Trivia\"that the film was shot in 1974 and released in 1986.I have a hard time believing this,a simple click through the cast list would seem to indicate a shooting date around '79 to '82 otherwise most of the cast would have done this in '74 then nothing else for 6 years before they all started acting again?The films not THAT bad... [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 2 out of 3 people found the following review useful: [PAR] the movie Costner probably wishes he could forget (no not Waterworld, the other one) [PAR] from United States [PAR] 6 February 2009 [PAR] A young lady going out west to make something of herself meets up with two other girls who have the same idea. They then shack up at the the first one's cousin's house. And then nothing much happens. Sure Ditt meets a rancher (played by a young Kevin Costner, the only reason anyone ever saw this film) and we're subject to mind-numbing music (one of the trio wants to be a musician) But otherwise this was a complete and utter waste of time. Forgettable in the most base sense. [PAR] Eye Candy: Terry Congie gets topless; Victoria Taft shows breasts and bush; Roselyn Royce, Jennifer Stewart & Sylvia Wright all get completely nude. Meanwhile Leslie Brander who shows only one of her tits seems like a prude in comparison [PAR] My Grade: D- [PAR] from United States [PAR] 1 October 2004 [PAR] Even if you love Troma, you might not fall in love with this movie. The charm of most Troma movies is that even though they're incredibly awful (artistic-wise), the filmmakers don't pretend they're making Shakespeare. \"Sizzle Beach, U.S.A.\" often does take itself seriously, yet sporadically finds room for those quirky Troma elements. There's a scene where a naive, ditsy aspiring actress tries to get a job by sleeping with a morbidly obese man. He sees her naked body and says, \"I see real potential"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James S. Sherman - Vice President to President William ... James S. Sherman - Vice President to President William H. Taft} [PAR] James S. Sherman [PAR] U.S. Vice President James S. Sherman [PAR] Be the first to review [PAR] James S. Sherman, a member of the Republican Party , took office as the 27th Vice President of the United States on March 4, 1909 at age 53. Sherman served as VP to President William H. Taft for 3 years through October 30, 1912. He was born in Utica, New York and received an education from Hamilton College. [PAR] See all U.S. Vice Presidents [PAR] Write a Review"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saving the Raw Milk Cheeses of Provence - A Campaign for ... Saving the Raw Milk Cheeses of Provence - A Campaign for Real MilkA Campaign for Real Milk [PAR] Saving the Raw Milk Cheeses of Provence [PAR] Saving the Raw Milk Cheeses of Provence [PAR] Posted on February 12, 2006 [PAR] Last Modified on January 11, 2017 [PAR] PDF [PAR] By Madeleine Vedel [PAR] For the cheese-lover, France is mecca: a site of pilgrimage, and a land of rapture. And one of the defining reasons for this fact is the large number of small-scale raw milk cheese producers that live and work in the region. Who can forget the witticism of Charles de Gaulle who quipped, \u201cHow can you govern a country which has 246 varieties of cheese?\u201d [PAR] NOT IN THE U.S. [PAR] Cheese lovers in the United States must content themselves with cheeses, both imported and domestically produced, that abide by the FDA\u2019s cheese laws, which specify that cheese must either be made from pasteurized milk or aged at least 60 days. The industrial makers of the cow\u2019s milk cheeses such as Brie, Camembert and St. Andr\u00e9, have adapted to the American market by pasteurizing the milk they use for the cheeses they export. Other cheeses, such as the wood ash-filled Morbier or the St. Nectaire, are sent to the United States after the 60 days\u2019 aging period, making them far older than the age at which they are commonly consumed here in France. The extra aging renders these cheeses more pungent, so they differ substantially from their counterparts in France. But many cheeses from France never cross the Atlantic due to the fact that they are made from raw milk and then sold anywhere from the day of their fabrication to six weeks of age. This is the case with the majority of goat cheeses in Provence. [PAR] To enjoy the fresh and delicate flavor of the Gardian from the Camargue river delta region of Provence, you must purchase it directly from the cheese-maker at a local market. This cheese is sold in its whey at one day old and eaten with a drizzle of olive oil and herbs. The Banon de Banon is a sweet curdle goat cheese from Haute Provence, known for its small round form wrapped in chestnut leaves. Protected by Appellation of Controlled Origin (AOC) laws, this cheese is ready to eat after two weeks\u2019 aging. Age it far beyond a month and it can become a completely different cheese, far more pungent, and much less desirable. The fresh young goat cheese sold in the United States must be made from pasteurized milk. It is packaged in vacuum seal wrap and must be kept refrigerated. By contrast, in Provence, what starts out as a similar fresh goat cheese made from raw milk, evolves at room temperature from a tart lactic acid cheese, to a mild, creamy, runny cheese to a pungent hard cheese that eventually shrinks in size due to dehydration, which is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. This process is impossible and potentially even dangerous for pasteurized goat cheese. The moist, pasteurized, dead medium of the cheese contains no enzymes and no natural lactic bacteria activity and is therefore an ideal growing ground for many harmful pathogens. For now, only those who visit France will be able to taste raw milk goat cheese in its many guises and through its many stages. [PAR] And yet, this great tradition of raw milk cheeses has come under attack as France seeks to comply with the new food regulations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polaroid Polaroid [PAR] 00's [PAR] Today [PAR] Edwin H. Land, founder of Polaroid, leaves Harvard University after his freshman year to pursue his own research on light polarization. Two years later, he files the patent first synthetic polarizer. View Gallery [PAR] Edwin H. Land establishes Land-Wheelwright Laboratories in Boston with his former Harvard physics professor, George Wheelwright III. They continue to research and to produce synthetic polarizers. View Gallery [PAR] Polaroid produces glasses, ski goggles, 3D glasses, and dark-adapter goggles for the Army and Navy. View Gallery [PAR] The Chrysler Corporation presents a 3D movie made possible with unique Polaroid 3D glasses. Its display at the 1939 World's Fair in New York City is the first time an American audience experiences a 3D movie. View Gallery [PAR] While on vacation with his family, Land's 3-year-old daughter asks why she cant see the picture he has just taken of her. That day, Land conceives of the instant camera. View Gallery [PAR] On February 21st, Land presents the first demonstration of the instant camera, and wows the audience at the Optical Society of America meeting. View Gallery [PAR] On November 26, 1948, the first Land camera was sold for $89.95 at Jordan Marsh department store in Boston, Massachusetts. The Model 95 Land camera becomes the prototype for all Polaroid Land cameras produced during next 15 years. View Gallery [PAR] The one-millionth Polaroid camera rolls off the assembly line. Polaroid products are now distributed in over 45 countries worldwide. View Gallery [PAR] Polaroid introduces Polacolor, the first instant color film. View Gallery [PAR] Polaroid releases the Model 100 Land camera, the first fully automatic pack film and exposure control camera. View Gallery [PAR] The stylish and low priced Polaroid Swinger camera is released and is extremely successful with a younger generation. The catchy \"Meet the Swinger\" jingle sung by Barry Manilow featuring a young Ali MacGraw makes the camera a household name. View Gallery [PAR] Polaroid introduces the SX-70 Land camera, the first fully-automatic, motorized, and folding camera with instant color prints. Within a year, the company is producing 5,000 a day. View Gallery [PAR] Lawrence Olivier becomes an advertising spokesman for the Polaroid SX-70. Life Magazine features the camera and Land on the front cover. View Gallery [PAR] The Polaroid OneStep Land camera debuts. This inexpensive, fixed-focus camera becomes the best-selling camera, instant or conventional, in the US. View Gallery [PAR] Polaroid Sun 600 System cameras and Type 600 color film are released. The Muppets debut in a number of commercial and print ads for Polaroid, including the famous Miss Piggy's Birthday and Fozzie's Christmas Present. View Gallery [PAR] The Polaroid Spectra System camera is introduced at Jordan Marsh in Boston, 38 years after the first Land camera was announced. View Gallery [PAR] The Polaroid Captiva camera and film system, an ultra-compact format designed for instant portaits, debuts. Well-known actor comedian Sinbad appears in Polaroid commercials launching the Captive camera products. View Gallery [PAR] A modern Polaroid OneStep Express is reissued in 1997 with a rounded body and in various color options. View Gallery [PAR] Polaroid introduces the Polaroid iZone, an instant pocket-sized camera in a wide range of bright colors. The camera's thumbnail-sized prints become a hit amongst teens. View Gallery [PAR] The Polaroid PoGo Instant Mobile Printer debuts in the US. Polaroid Corporation partners with ZINK\u00ae Zero Ink\u00ae Printing Technology and manufacturers of ZINK Paper\u00ae. View Gallery [PAR] Polaroid launches the Z340 instant digital camera, a fully-functioning digital camera and integrated printer that uses ZINK\u00ae Zero Ink\u00ae Printing Technology to instantly transform digital pictures into fun 3x4\" prints."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] superman christopher reeve - Question.com superman christopher reeve - Question.com [PAR] Home \u203a How many times did Christopher Reeve play Superman? [PAR] How many times did Christopher Reeve play Superman? [PAR] The movie Superman was so successful, a sequel (Superman II) was made, followed by two more sequels (Superman III and Superman IV), all in the 1980s, and Reeve played the part of Superman in all three. The first Superman movie also starred Marlon Brando as Lex Luthor, Margot Kidder as Lois Lane, and Terence Stamp as General Zod. (Marlon Brando was paid $4 million for under eight minutes of screen time, a remarkably high sum at the time.) John Williams wrote the score for the film, whose theme song won a Grammy award. [PAR] Before playing Superman, Christopher Reeve acted onstage and on a television soap opera. His later screen credits include The Bostonians and Somewhere in Time, now a cult classic. In May 1995, Christopher Reeve was paralyzed from the neck down after falling from his horse in a riding competition. He had largely retired from film production since then, instead devoting his time to rehabilitation therapy. With his wife Dana, he opened the Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Resource Center in Short Hills, New Jersey, a center devoted to teaching paralyzed people to live more independently. [PAR] In 2003 and early 2004, Reeve made two well-received appearances on the television Superman prequel series, Smallville, playing Dr Swann, who gives the young Clark Kent clues to his origins. [PAR] Christopher Reeve died on 10 October, 2004. [PAR] Sign In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Death of River Phoenix Is Linked To Use of Cocaine and ... Death of River Phoenix Is Linked To Use of Cocaine and Morphine - NYTimes.com [PAR] Death of River Phoenix Is Linked To Use of Cocaine and Morphine [PAR] By SETH MYDANS, [PAR] Published: November 13, 1993 [PAR] LOS ANGELES, Nov. 12\u2014 The sudden death of the actor River Phoenix outside a Hollywood nightclub two weeks ago was caused by \"acute multiple drug intoxication\" involving lethal levels of cocaine and morphine, the Los Angeles County coroner's office said today. [PAR] The office of the county sheriff said in a separate statement today that its investigation of the 23-year-old actor's death had found \"no evidence of foul play,\" and the coroner's office ruled the death accidental. [PAR] Mr. Phoenix, a star of films like \"My Own Private Idaho\" and \"Running on Empty,\" fell into convulsions and died on the sidewalk outside a popular nightclub about 1 A.M. on Oct. 31. [PAR] Scott Carrier, a spokesman for the coroner's office, said toxicological tests had found not only the deadly levels of cocaine and morphine but also traces of marijuana, the prescription sedative Valium and an over-the-counter cold medication. [PAR] Mr. Carrier said that it was not known how Mr. Phoenix had taken the cocaine and morphine but that no needle marks had been found on his body. Convulsions and Motionlessness [PAR] Mr. Phoenix, who received critical praise for his sensitive acting, had been described as so dedicated to healthy living that he would not eat meat or dairy products. He had been on the cover of not only popular film magazines but also Vegetarian Times. [PAR] In a desperate 911 call on the night Mr. Phoenix died, his 19-year-old brother, Joaquin, raised the possibility that drugs were involved when he told a dispatcher that Mr. Phoenix \"may have had Valium or something.\" [PAR] In that call, a tape recording of which was made available by the authorities and played at length on television stations here, Joaquin could be heard in a panicked voice pleading for help and describing Mr. Phoenix's convulsions, followed by a sudden lapse into motionlessness. [PAR] The actor was taken to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, about two miles from the nightclub, the Viper Room, which is partly owned by the singer and actor Johnny Depp. Mr. Phoenix arrived at the hospital in full cardiac arrest and was soon pronounced dead. [PAR] Mr. Carrier said today that the findings of the coroner, Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran, were being released immediately upon their determination because of public interest in the death and that no written reports of the toxicological tests were yet available. [PAR] \"Working with the Sheriff's Department, they determined that no foul play was involved,\" Mr. Carrier said of the coroner's investigators. \"No evidence of foul play is suspected by them at this point in their investigation. So with that in mind, we determined this to be an accidental death.\" 'No Needle Marks' [PAR] And Rich Erickson, a spokesman for the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, said that because there was no evidence of foul play, the case was closed. [PAR] Mr. Carrier, as well as experts on drugs, said that because of differing individual tolerances to drugs, it was impossible to determine how long before Mr. Phoenix died he had taken the morphine and cocaine that killed him, or exactly how much he had taken. [PAR] As for how Mr. Phoenix had taken the drugs, Mr. Carrier said: \"There were no needle marks. Maybe it was ingested, maybe it was inhaled. How it was introduced into his body is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Vadim - Microsoft Store Roger Vadim - Microsoft Store [PAR] Roger Vadim [PAR] Roger Vadim [PAR] Actor \u2022 Director [PAR] Born in Paris to a Ukranian-French family, Roger Vadim was briefly educated in political science before studying acting under Charles Dulin. From ages 16 through 19, Vadim pursued a performing career. He then spent eight years as an assistant to director Marc Allegret; during this same period, he was a journalist for Paris Match and an occasional television director. Married to Brigitte Bardot in 1952, Vadim burst onto the international film scene when he directed his breathtakingly beautiful young wife in And...God Created Woman (1956). While it was the film's nudity and eroticism that assured its success in the United States, its popularity enabled France's up-and-coming \"New Wave\" directors to gain attention in the American market. Because Vadim was tagged as a \"nudie\" director, most of his subsequent films were provocatively (and often misleadingly) retitled when released to the States: for example, the wry and witty Chateau en Suede (1963) was dumbed down to Nutty, Naughty Chateau. Vadim seemed to not only welcome being pigeonholed as a voyeur, but encouraged this perception by presenting his various actress wives--Bardot, Annette Stroyberg, Jane Fonda, Maria Schneider--in their birthday suits, whether the plot required it or not. His reputation as an on-camera satyr spilled over into his private life as he pursued romantic relationships with Catherine Deneuve (who bore him a son), Marie-Christine Barrault, and others too numerous to mention. By the 1980s, Vadim's cinematic hedonism seemed a bit antiquated, never more so than in his tiresome remake of ...And God Created Woman, which starred Rebecca De Mornay. In addition to his directing and screenwriting credits, Vadim has acted in Cocteau's Testament of Orpheus (1959), Warhol's Ciao Manhattan (1973), Cukor's Rich and Famous (1981) and John Landis' Into the Night (1985). Roger Vadim is the author of two endearingly egotistical autobiographies: Memoirs of the Devil (1977) and Bardot, Deneuve, Fonda--My Life with the Three Most Beautiful Women in the World (1985).[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - And God Created Woman (1988) And God Created Woman (1988) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Community [PAR] LATEST HEADLINES [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] In this variation on director Vadim's own, more acclaimed Et Dieu Cr\u00e9a La Femme (1956, the same title in French), the vamp Robin Shea marries charming carpenter Billy Moran, only to get out... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 06 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 185 titles [PAR] created 13 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 1558 titles [PAR] created 06 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 12 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: And God Created Woman (1988) [PAR] 4.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] In sunny St. Tropez, a young sexpot loves one brother but marries the other. [PAR] Director: Roger Vadim [PAR] Sarah Taylor, a police psychologist, meets a mysterious and seductive young man, Tony Ramirez, and falls in love with him. As a result of this relationship, she changes her personality"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles about Nick Nolte - Tripod.com Articles about Nick Nolte [PAR] New additions to articles page as of May 16, 1999 [PAR] Entertainment Weekly; New York; Apr 16, 1999; Daniel Fierman; [PAR] MEAL TIME Will Breakfast of Champions ever be served? Disney originally scheduled director Alan Rudolph's year-old adaptation of the 1973 Kurt Vonnegut novel for the spring and then pulled it, leading to speculation that the estimated $11 million film-which stars and was financed in part by Bruce Willis-is a dog. \"The movie Is like having a blinding light in your living room rug,\" says Rudolph, who was recently shown a trailer and poster and is hoping for a fall release. \"Certain people will think it's radioactive and others will think it's cool. It's frustrating, because I know we have something that people will be talking about.\" A studio spokesperson says that Disney is \"just looking to find the right niche for its release\" But costar Nick Nolte, who says he's seen the film four or five times, is disappointed with the delay. \"Disney assured me that they will get behind this film he says. \"But I've got my own paranoia about large studios releasing small films.\" ``````````````````````` Bella! Bella! People Weekly; New York; Apr 5, 1999 [PAR] Some things could not be forgotten-or forgiven. While the presentation of a Lifetime Achievement Award to director Elia Kazan (On the Waterfront)-still reviled in some quarters for having named eight former colleagues as Communists during 1952's House Un-American Activities Committee hearings-didn't disrupt the proceedings as some had feared, audience members displayed their feelings. While many gave the 89-year-old Kazan a standing, if subdued, ovation, Nick Nolte, Ed Harris and scores of others remained seated and stony-faced. ````````````````````` Their next big things Entertainment Weekly; New York; Apr 2, 1999 [PAR] Nick Nolte has two prestigious adaptations on tap: First he'll star as a crossdressing car salesman opposite Bruce Willis in the bigscreen version of Kurt Vonnegut's Breakfast of Champions; then he'll appear with Jeff Bridges in Sam Shepard's horse-racing drama Simpatico. ``````````````````` Vicki pushes it Joe Weider's Shape; Woodland Hills; Apr 1999 [PAR] It's not often that a movie pays off for an actor in as many ways as the upcoming \"Pushing Tin\" did for Vicki Lewis. While the 37-year-old redhead has already impressed Broadway audiences in \"Damn Yankees\" and established her sitcom credentials as Beth, the wisecracking secretary on NBC's \"NewsRadio,\" she's still somewhat new to the big screen. So there she was, in only her third feature film, working with such gifted co-stars as John Cusack and Oscar-winner Billy Bob Thornton. \"It was an actor's dream,\" she says. [PAR] In \"Pushing Tin,\" Lewis plays Tina Leary, an air traffic controller and competitive bodybuilder. The 5-foot-1-inch, 93-pound Lewis soon discovered that it takes a special kind of performer to come out flexing. \"I had to do the whole competition routine in high-cut leopard print shorts and a midriff top. I'd wake up worrying: How many days until I have to wear that outfit?\" she says. And her competition shape in \"Pushing Tin\" didn't develop without a lot of hard work. She and her trainer, Lisa Dulovic, Miss Fitness Canada 1997, were in the gym pumping iron at odd hours before, during and after Lewis' 18-hour days on the set. [PAR] None of this daunted ex-dancer Lewis, and she now appreciates the lure of competitive bodybuilding. \"I became addicted to the feeling. You can feel a different kind of strength come from the inside.\" [PAR] To maintain her newly sculpted body, Lewis works out three days a week in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Driving on the Moon: The 40-Year Legacy of NASA's First ... Driving on the Moon: The 40-Year Legacy of NASA's First Lunar Car [PAR] Driving on the Moon: The 40-Year Legacy of NASA's First Lunar Car [PAR] By Denise Chow, SPACE.com Staff Writer | [PAR] July 29, 2011 07:22pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Astronaut James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, during the Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) on August 1, 1971, at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. The first Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) on the moon, stands to the right. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] When NASA's Apollo 15 astronauts David Scott and James Irwin touched down on the moon 40 years ago, they had an extra special tool packed away on their lunar lander: a dune buggy-size rover that enabled them to become the first humans to drive on the surface of a world beyond Earth. [PAR] Rover technology has made great strides since Scott and Irwin landed on the moon on July 30, 1971, but the lessons learned from NASA's first Lunar Roving Vehicles (LRVs) are still applicable today. While technology has evolved since the Apollo era, NASA's first rovers are influencing manned and robotic vehicles for exploration on Mars and beyond. [PAR] \"The LRV on Apollo fulfilled a very important need, which was to be able to cover large traverses, carry more samples, and get more scientific exploration done,\" Mike Neufeld, a curator in the space history division at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. told SPACE.com. \"It was a really important part of why Apollo 15, 16 and 17 were so much more scientifically advanced and productive.\" [ Photos: The Evolution of NASA's Moon Cars ] [PAR] Driving on the moon [PAR] Apollo 15 was the fourth mission to land men on the moon, and it was the first of three missions to use the LRVs. The rover had a mass of about 460 pounds (208 kilograms) and was designed to fold up so it could fit inside a compartment of the Lunar Module. [PAR] Apollo 17 mission commander Eugene A. Cernan makes a short checkout of the Lunar Roving Vehicle during the early part of the first Apollo 17 extravehicular activity at the Taurus-Littrow landing site in 1972. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] \"It was a very elegant little vehicle,\" Neufeld said. \"It had to be lightweight and had to be folded up in a very compact space. They were very successful \u2013 there were no major failures \u2013 so clearly it was a successful design.\" [ Video: NASA's 21st Century Moon Ride ] [PAR] And they drove relatively well, Neufeld said, given the rocky terrain on the moon. The rovers could reach a top speed of about 8 mph (about 13 kph), but the moon's cratered surface prevented the astronauts from driving too fast. [PAR] \"They weren't driving on flat land \u2013 it was more like a dirt buggy than anything else,\" he explained. \"It didn't travel that fast, but for the astronauts who drove it, it seemed like it was exciting and fast. It was a pretty bouncy ride. Even flat looking terrain on the moon is not very flat because there are so many crater pits, so it would have been a fairly exciting ride.\" [PAR] The lunar rovers also injected a new level of public enthusiasm for the Apollo program. [PAR] \"Overall public interest had declined after Apollo 11,\" Neufeld said. \"The public was becoming more and more blas\u00e9. Apollo 15 provided a blip upwards in public interest. Part of it was because the landing site"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NASA - Foale Breaks U.S. Space Flight Record NASA - Foale Breaks U.S. Space Flight Record [PAR] Foale Breaks U.S. Space Flight Record [PAR] 12.09.03 [PAR] [PAR] Image above: NASA Astronaut Michael Foale is the new record holder for most cumulative time in space by a U.S. astronaut. [PAR] As each day passes during the remainder of his stay aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 8 Commander Michael Foale will continue to add to an impressive U.S. space flight record. At 1:47 p.m. EST Dec. 8, Foale surpassed Carl Walz with the most cumulative time in space for a U.S. astronaut. Walz has spent 230 days, 13 hours, 3 minutes and 37 seconds in space. [PAR] To mark the occasion, Foale received a call from Walz, who was at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., moments before the record fell. Walz congratulated Foale on the accomplishment. [PAR] \"Records are meant to be broken,\" Walz said. \"I am certainly glad that after your pioneering efforts on Mir that you had a chance to break this record.\" [PAR] Foale is currently in the middle of his sixth mission in space, which began Oct. 18 with the launch of the ISS Soyuz 7 spacecraft. He is on the Station with Russian Cosmonaut Alexander Kaleri, who is serving as Expedition 8's flight engineer. If his stay in space concludes as scheduled in late April 2004, Foale will have amassed 375 days in space. [PAR] Image above: STS-103 Astronauts C. Michael Foale (left) and Claude Nicollier hover above Discovery's aft cargo bay during their shared space walk to perform servicing tasks on the Hubble Space Telescope in 1999. [PAR] His first flight occurred in 1992 when he flew on STS-45 as a mission specialist. STS-45 was the first of the ATLAS series of missions to study the atmosphere and solar interactions. He was a mission specialist on the second ATLAS mission, STS-56, in 1993. [PAR] He made his third trip into space and his first of two trips to the Russian Mir Space Station in 1995 with STS-63. It was the first time a Space Shuttle rendezvoused with Mir. During his second trip to Mir in May 1997, not only did STS-84 dock with the Russian station, but Foale remained behind for a 4.5-month tour of duty. He returned to Earth with STS-86 in October. [PAR] Foale's fifth trip occurred in 1999 as a member of the STS-103 crew. This mission was the third to visit the Hubble Space Telescope for servicing. The STS-103 crew installed new equipment and performed other maintenance tasks to upgrade the space-based observatory. [PAR] Prior to Expedition 8, Foale had accumulated 178 days in space and conducted three spacewalks, totaling 18 hours and 49 minutes. [PAR] Walz, a veteran of four space flights, holds the U.S. single space flight endurance record with Expedition 4 crewmate Dan Bursch. They stayed in space for 196 days from December 2001 to June 2002. Bursch is also third on the U.S. list for cumulative space flight time with 227 days. [PAR] The previous record for the longest single U.S. space flight was held by Astronaut Shannon Lucid, who lived on Mir for 188 days in 1996, a mission that still is the world record for the longest single space flight by a woman. She also holds the cumulative record for time in space by a woman with 223 days in space on five flights. [PAR] Kaleri is also among the most experienced space travelers. By the end of Expedition 8, Kaleri will have logged 610 days in orbit on four flights, placing him"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nobel Laureates - College of Science and Engineering Nobel Laureates - College of Science and Engineering College of Science and Engineering [PAR] Nobel Laureates [PAR] Faculty member 1938-45 [PAR] Nobel Prize in physics, 1956 and 1972 [PAR] Bardeen shared the 1956 prize with William B. Shockley and Walter H. Brattain (Physics Ph.D. \u201929) for their joint invention of the transistor. Together with Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer, he won the 1972 prize for the development of the theory of superconductivity. [PAR] Arthur H. Compton [PAR] Faculty member 1916-17 [PAR] Nobel Prize in physics, 1927 [PAR] Compton won the Nobel Prize (along with C.T.R. Wilson of England) for his discovery and explanation of the so-called \u201cCompton effect,\u201d the change in the wavelength of X-rays when they collide with electrons in metals. [PAR] William N. Lipscomb [PAR] Faculty member 1946-59 [PAR] Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1976 [PAR] Lipscomb won the Nobel Prize for his research on the structure and bonding of boron compounds and the general nature of chemical bonding. [PAR] John H. Van Vleck [PAR] Faculty member 1924-28 [PAR] Nobel Prize in physics, 1977 [PAR] Van Vleck shared 1977 Nobel Prize in physics with Philip W. Anderson and Sir Nevill F. Mott. The prize honored Van Vleck\u2019s contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solid materials. [PAR] Alumni laureates [PAR] (Physics Ph.D. \u201929) [PAR] Nobel Prize in physics, 1956 [PAR] Brattain, John Bardeen, and William B. Shockley won the Nobel Prize for the development of the transistor. [PAR] Melvin Calvin [PAR] Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1961 [PAR] Calvin received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the chemical pathways of photosynthesis. [PAR] Ernest O. Lawrence [PAR] (Physics M.A. \u201923) [PAR] Nobel Prize in physics, 1939 [PAR] Lawrence was honored with the Nobel Prize for his invention of the cyclotron, the first particle accelerator to achieve high energies. [PAR] Daniel McFadden [PAR] (Physics \u201957, Behavioral Sciences Ph.D.\u201962) [PAR] Nobel Prize in economic sciences, 2000 [PAR] McFadden was honored for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice.[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics [PAR] Awarded to 204 Nobel Laureates since 1901 [PAR] \"The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: /- - -/ one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics ...\" [PAR] (Excerpt from the will of Alfred Nobel) [PAR] Physics was the prize area which Alfred Nobel mentioned first in his will. At the end of the nineteenth century, many people considered physics as the foremost of the sciences, and perhaps Nobel saw it this way as well. His own research was also closely tied to physics. [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , Stockholm, Sweden. [PAR] Most Popular Physics Laureates [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901-2000 [PAR] The Nobel Prizes were created just in time to enable the awards to cover many of the outstanding contributions that opened new areas of physics in this period. [PAR] Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded between 1901-2016. [PAR] 47 [PAR] Physics Prizes have been given to one Laureate only. [PAR] 2 [PAR] women have been awarded the Physics Prize so far. [PAR] 1 [PAR] person, John Bardeen , has been awarded the Physics Prize twice. [PAR] 25 [PAR] years was the age of the youngest Physics Laureate ever, Lawrence Bragg , when he was awarded"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Electronics Timeline - Greatest Engineering Achievements ... Electronics Timeline - Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century [PAR] Electronics Timeline [PAR] [PAR] Brilliant inventors from the late 19th century to the present day have built on each other's work to launch a revolution in electronics. In recognizing the team of Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley for their invention of the transistor, the Nobel Prize also paid tribute to their predecessors, the discoverers of electrons, the vacuum tube, purified crystals, and diodes. The transistor spurred experimentation with new materials such as silicon and with a host of manufacturing techniques, leading to electronic devices that have altered every aspect of daily life. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Thermionic valve, or diode invented [PAR] Sir John Ambrose Fleming, a professor of electrical engineering and the first scientific adviser for the Marconi Company, invents the thermionic valve, or diode, a two-electrode rectifier. (A rectifier prevents the flow of current from reversing.) Building on the work of Thomas Edison, Fleming devises an \"oscillation valve\"\u2014a filament and a small metal plate in a vacuum bulb. He discovers that an electric current passing through the vacuum is always unidirectional. [PAR] 1907 Triode patented [PAR] Lee De Forest, an American inventor, files for a patent on a triode, a three-electrode device he calls an Audion. He improves on Fleming\u2019s diode by inserting a gridlike wire between the two elements in the vacuum tube, creating a sensitive receiver and amplifier of radio wave signals. The triode is used to improve sound in long-distance phone service, radios, televisions, sound on film, and eventually in modern applications such as computers and satellite transmitters. [PAR] 1940 Ohl discovers that impurities in semiconductor crystals create photoelectric properties [PAR] Russell Ohl, a researcher at Bell Labs, discovers that small amounts of impurities in semiconductor crystals create photoelectric and other potentially useful properties. When he shines a light on a silicon crystal with a crack running through it, a voltmeter attached to the crystal registers a half-volt jump. The crack, it turns out, is a natural P-N junction, with impurities on one side that create an excess of negative electrons (N) and impurities on the other side that create a deficit (P). Ohl\u2019s crystal is the precursor of modern-day solar cells, which convert sunlight into electricity. It also heralds the coming of transistors. [PAR] 1947 First pointcontact transistor [PAR] John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William B. Shockley of Bell Labs discover the transistor. Brattain and Bardeen build the first pointcontact transistor, made of two gold foil contacts sitting on a germanium crystal. When electric current is applied to one contact, the germanium boosts the strength of the current flowing through the other contact. Shockley improves on the idea by building the junction transistor\u2014\"sandwiches\" of N- and P-type germanium. A weak voltage applied to the middle layer modifies a current traveling across the entire \"sandwich.\" In November 1956 the three men are awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. [PAR] 1952 First commercial device to apply Shockley\u2019s junction transistor [PAR] Sonotone markets a $229.50 hearing aid that uses two vacuum tubes and one transistor\u2014the first commercial device to apply Shockley\u2019s junction transistor. Replacement batteries for transistorized hearing aids cost only $10, not the nearly $100 of batteries for earlier vacuum tube models. [PAR] 1954 First truly consistent mass-produced transistor is demonstrated [PAR] Gordon Teal, a physical chemist formerly with Bell Labs, shows colleagues at Texas Instruments that transistors can be made from pure silicon\u2014demonstrating the first truly consistent mass-produced transistor. By the late 1950s silicon begins to replace germanium as the semiconductor material out of which almost"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SynCardia Systems, Inc. - Artificial Heart Timeline Artificial Heart Timeline [PAR] Artificial Heart Timeline [PAR] [PAR] 1911 [PAR] On February 14, Willem Johan \"Pim\" Kolff is born in Leiden, the Netherlands. Kolff would later become the world's most prolific inventor of artificial organs, including the Total Artificial Heart. [PAR] Dr. Willem Kolff* [PAR] Dr. Kolff enters Leiden University to study medicine, earns his M.D. in 1937. [PAR] [PAR] 1938 [PAR] [PAR] At Groningen University Hospital, Dr. Kolff begins to collaborate with biochemist Robert Brinkman on a prototype for an artificial kidney after witnessing a farmer's son die of total kidney (renal) failure. [PAR] [PAR] 1942 [PAR] [PAR] While working as a physician at the City Hospital \"Engelenbergstichting\" in Kampen, Dr. Kolff produces a rotating drum kidney built out of aluminum from a shot down German fighter plane, a 1937 Ford Model T water pump, an enamel tank and 40 meters of cellophane normally used as artificial sausage skin. [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Kolff begins research on designing a heart-lung machine and an artificial heart. [PAR] [PAR] 1950 [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Kolff emigrates from the Netherlands with his wife Janke and their five children and begins work at Cleveland Clinic as a research assistant. [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Kolff develops one of the first heart-lung machines. [PAR] [PAR] 1957 [PAR] [PAR] At Cleveland Clinic, Dr. Kolff and Dr. Tetsuzo Akutsu bring the concept of an artificial heart to reality through a series of animal implants; a dog survives for approximately 90 minutes. [PAR] [PAR] 1963 [PAR] [PAR] Ventriloquist Paul Winchell is granted the first patent for an artificial heart. Winchell's work is aided by Dr. Henry Heimlich, who later develops the Heimlich maneuver to save choking victims. Years later, Winchell signs over his patent rights to Dr. Kolff at the University of Utah. [PAR] [PAR] 1967 [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Kolff leaves Cleveland Clinic to start the Division of Artificial Organs at the University of Utah and to continue his work on the artificial heart. Dr. Kolff brings with him surgeon Dr. Clifford Kwan-Gett and engineer Thomas Kessler, who work to improve the artificial heart design begun in Cleveland. [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first heart transplant in Cape Town, South Africa; the patient lives 18 days. [PAR] [PAR] 1969 [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Denton Cooley at the Texas Heart Institute becomes the first heart surgeon to implant an artificial heart in a human subject. The patient lives on the artificial heart, designed by Dr. Domingo Liotta, for 64 hours, but dies 32 hours after transplantation of a donor heart. [PAR] [PAR] 1971-1979 [PAR] [PAR] Three important figures join Dr. Kolff's team: veterinarian Don Olsen (leads the implantation experiments on animals), medical engineer Robert Jarvik (designs various artificial heart types) and surgeon Dr. William DeVries (leads the process of shifting from animal to human implantation). [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Calf \"Alfred Lord Tennyson\" lives for 268 days on the Jarvik 5. [PAR] Dr. Kolff submits a request to the FDA to implant a Total Artificial Heart into a human being. [PAR] [PAR] Don Olsen with \"Alfred Lord Tennyson\"* [PAR] 1982 [PAR] [PAR] On December 2, Dr. Kolff''s Jarvik 7 Total Artificial Heart is implanted into 61-year-old dentist Dr. Barney Clark, who lives for 112 days. The surgery is led by Dr. DeVries and Dr. Lyle Joyce. [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Barney Clark lived for 112 days on the Jarvik 7*. [PAR] 1983 [PAR] [PAR] Dr. Kolff steps down from the board of Kolff Medical, manufacturer of artificial hearts in Utah, including the Jarvik 7. Kolff Medical is renamed Symbion, Inc. on the initiative"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Humphrey Bogart - Biography - IMDb Humphrey Bogart - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Humphrey Bogart [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 144 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (76) | Personal Quotes (41) | Salary (12) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Humphrey DeForest Bogart was born in New York City, New York, to Maud Humphrey, a famed magazine illustrator and suffragette, and Belmont DeForest Bogart, a moderately wealthy surgeon (who was secretly addicted to opium). Bogart was educated at Trinity School, NYC, and was sent to Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, in preparation for medical studies at Yale. He was expelled from Phillips and joined the U.S. Naval Reserve. From 1920 to 1922, he managed a stage company owned by family friend William A. Brady (the father of actress Alice Brady ), performing a variety of tasks at Brady's film studio in New York. He then began regular stage performances. Alexander Woollcott described his acting in a 1922 play as inadequate. In 1930, he gained a contract with Fox, his feature film debut in a ten-minute short, Broadway's Like That (1930), co-starring Ruth Etting and Joan Blondell . Fox released him after two years. After five years of stage and minor film roles, he had his breakthrough role in The Petrified Forest (1936) from Warner Bros. He won the part over Edward G. Robinson only after the star, Leslie Howard , threatened Warner Bros. that he would quit unless Bogart was given the key role of Duke Mantee, which he had played in the Broadway production with Howard. The film was a major success and led to a long-term contract with Warner Bros. From 1936 to 1940, Bogart appeared in 28 films, usually as a gangster, twice in Westerns and even a horror film. His landmark year was 1941 (often capitalizing on parts George Raft had stupidly rejected) with roles in classics such as High Sierra (1941) and as Sam Spade in one of his most fondly remembered films, The Maltese Falcon (1941). These were followed by Casablanca (1942), The Big Sleep (1946), and Key Largo (1948). Bogart, despite his erratic education, was incredibly well-read and he favored writers and intellectuals within his small circle of friends. In 1947, he joined wife Lauren Bacall and other actors protesting the House Un-American Activities Committee witch hunts. He also formed his own production company, and the next year made The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948). Bogie won the best actor Academy Award for The African Queen (1951) and was nominated for Casablanca (1942) and as Captain Queeg in The Caine Mutiny (1954), a film made when he was already seriously ill. He died in his sleep at his Hollywood home following surgeries and a battle with throat cancer. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan stephan@cc.wwu.edu [PAR] Spouse (4) [PAR] ( 20 May 1926 - 18 November 1927) (divorced) [PAR] Trade Mark (5) [PAR] Typically played smart, playful, courageous, tough, occasionally reckless characters who lived in a corrupt world, anchored by a hidden moral code. [PAR] Almost always played a hard-boiled cynic who ultimately shows his noble side. [PAR] Low-key, distinctive nasal voice [PAR] Roles in film noirs [PAR] Trivia (76) [PAR] The older of two children with Lauren Bacall , Stephen H. Bogart , discussed his relationship with Bogie in 1996 book, \"Bogart: In Search of My Father\". [PAR] New York Times reported on 12/25/2000 that \"Humphrey Bogart was born on 23 January 1899, but Warner Brothers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pather Panchali (1955) - IMDb Pather Panchali (1955) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Impoverished priest Harihar Ray, dreaming of a better life for himself and his family, leaves his rural Bengal village in search of work. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 26 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 08 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 29 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 07 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 18 Oct 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Pather Panchali \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 8 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Following his father's death, a boy leaves home to study in Calcutta, while his mother must face a life alone. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] This final installment in Satyajit Ray's Apu Trilogy follows Apu's life as an orphaned adult aspiring to be a writer. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] The lonely wife of a newspaper editor falls in love with her visiting cousin-in-law, who shares her love for literature. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] Depicts the end days of a decadent zamindar (landlord) in Bengal, and his efforts to uphold his family prestige even when faced with economic adversity. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] Life at home changes when a house-wife from a middle-class, conservative family in Calcutta gets a job as a saleswoman. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] En route to Delhi to receive an award, a Bengali film star reevaluates his success through his fellow passengers, dreams and past experiences. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] A well-off family is paid an unexpected, and rather unwanted, visit by a man claiming to be the woman's long-lost uncle. The initial suspicion with which they greet the man slowly dissolves... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] An underpaid middle-aged clerk finds a 'parash pathar', a stone that changes iron to gold on touch. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] A young woman is deemed a goddess when her father-in-law, a rich feudal land-lord, has a dream envisioning her as an avatar of Kali. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] The musical duo of Goopi and Bagha make a comeback when they are invited to play for a king. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] A group of Calcutta city slickers, including the well-off Asim (Soumitra Chatterjee), the meek Sanjoy (Subhendu Chatterjee) and the brutish Hari (Samit Bhanja), head out for a weekend in the wilderness. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] Based on popular Indian stories of great writer Rabindra Nath Tagore, these short films reveal definitive moments in the lives of three young girls. [PAR] Director: Satyajit Ray [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The story of a young boy, Apu, and life in his small Indian village. His parents are quite poor - his father Harihar, a writer and poet, gave away the family's fruit orchard to settle his brother's debts."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Booze, broads & Bond: Roger Moore\u2019s memoir | New York Post Booze, broads & Bond: Roger Moore\u2019s memoir | New York Post [PAR] Booze, broads & Bond: Roger Moore\u2019s memoir [PAR] Moore brought a suave air of unflappability to the role of 007, here in 1983\u2019s \u201cOctopussy.\u201d Courtesy Everett Collection [PAR] MORE FROM: [PAR] Broadway gathers to honor Edward Albee [PAR] Whenever Roger Moore, who will be 87 on Tuesday, gets depressed thinking about all his movie friends who have gone to \u201cthat great cutting room in the sky,\u201d he recalls a story another friend up in the cutting room, actor Geoffrey Keen, once told him. [PAR] Keen, as James Bond fans know, played Sir Frederick Gray, Minister of Defence, in five 007 movies that made Moore an international superstar in the \u201970s and \u201980s \u2014 \u201cThe Spy Who Loved Me,\u201d \u201cMoonraker,\u201d \u201cFor Your Eyes Only,\u201d \u201cOctopussy\u201d and \u201cA View To a Kill.\u201d [PAR] Keen was home, sitting at his writing desk, when his plumber popped into the study. A bunch of English actors from the 1920s and \u201930s, including Laurence Olivier, had just died, one right after the other. [PAR] The plumber eyed Keen and said, \u201cYou\u2019re an actor, aren\u2019t you, sir?\u201d [PAR] \u201cIndeed I am,\u201d Keen replied. [PAR] \u201cWell, you lot are dropping like f - - kin\u2019 flies!\u201d [PAR] \u201cI feel a bit like that,\u201d Moore told me over the phone the other day. \u201cSomeone\u2019s always asking me to do a eulogy. As Albert Finney, a very funny man, once said to me after he\u2019d done two or three actor memorials, \u2018You\u2019d better get your name down. I\u2019m getting booked up.\u2019 \u201d [PAR] In a new memoir, Moore dishes on dinner with Jack Daniel\u2019s, Easter Sundays with Sinatra and giving up martinis for good. [PAR] Moore has a new memoir, \u201cOne Lucky Bastard: Tales From Tinseltown,\u201d out Oct. 21 \u2014 a follow-up to his popular 2008 book, \u201cMy Word Is My Bond.\u201d [PAR] As you would expect from an actor who\u2019s never taken himself too seriously, \u201cOne Lucky Bastard\u201d is charming and breezy, full of anecdotes, self-deprecating observations and salutes to many great actors who are no longer with us. [PAR] I caught up with him over the phone from his hotel in London, where he was on a book tour. He divides his time, with his fourth wife, Kristina, between Switzerland and Monaco. [PAR] I\u2019ve been a Roger Moore fan since 1979, when, as a kid, I went to my local movie theater in upstate New York and saw \u201cMoonraker.\u201d It was Bond going into outer space, attempting to capitalize on the \u201cStar Wars\u201d craze. There were plenty of special effects. But not a single one of them upstaged Sir Roger, as Queen Elizabeth II calls him. Sir Rog just carried on, raising the occasional eyebrow at all the intergalactic explosions going off around him. [PAR] I loved every minute of it. [PAR] Years later, I was asked to speak at a tribute to Moore at the Players Club. Just before my little speech, Moore introduced himself to me and said, \u201cSay whatever you want to about my acting. It won\u2019t bother me.\u201d [PAR] What I said was this: \u201cI grew up watching Roger Moore as James Bond. In college, I took a film class and we watched Cary Grant in \u2018Notorious!\u2019: He was suave, cool, elegant and so well-tailored. He was a Hollywood legend. But I must say, the first time I saw Cary Grant he reminded me of Roger Moore.\u201d [PAR] I think Sir Roger enjoyed my little speech because the next"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buckminster Fuller's Geodesic Dome Being Constructed for ... Buckminster Fuller's Geodesic Dome Being Constructed for the United States Pavilion at Expo 67, 1966-1967 - The Henry Ford [PAR] Buckminster Fuller's Geodesic Dome Being Constructed for the United States Pavilion at Expo 67, 1966-1967 [PAR] ; [PAR] THF113726 [PAR] Buckminster Fuller's Geodesic Dome Being Constructed for the United States Pavilion at Expo 67, 1966-1967 / back [PAR] back [PAR] Share [PAR] Summary [PAR] Expo 67, held in Montreal, Canada, was the most attended world's fair of the 20th century. The United States pavilion, a 250-foot-diameter geodesic dome designed by visionary Buckminster Fuller and architect Shoji Sadao, was an interactive environmental exhibit. It remains the most iconic and fondly remembered of Fuller's built designs. This pavilion survives today as an attraction called the Biosphere. [PAR] Expo 67, held in Montreal, Canada, was the most attended world's fair of the 20th century. The United States pavilion, a 250-foot-diameter geodesic dome designed by visionary Buckminster Fuller and architect Shoji Sadao, was an interactive environmental exhibit. It remains the most iconic and fondly remembered of Fuller's built designs. This pavilion survives today as an attraction called the Biosphere. [PAR] Artifact"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greatest Films of 1935 - The Best Movies in Cinematic History Greatest Films of 1935 [PAR] Alice Adams (1935) , 99 minutes, D: George Stevens [PAR] An RKO social drama adapted from Booth Tarkington's 1921 novel. A silent version was released in 1923. A likeable, small-town teenager Alice Adams (Katharine Hepburn) was from a middle-class background in a midwestern town, but frustrated because she desperately wished to be accepted by her upper-class peers. She was embarrassed by her family's social status and her father's lack of ambition, so she convinced her friends that she was from a wealthy family. At a high-society party, she met a wealthy, handsome young man Arthur Russell (Fred MacMurray) and told him fanciful tales of her family's fortunes. She invited him into her home and in the memorable scene at the disastrous dinner table, everything went wrong as it was painfully obvious what her social circumstances really were. [PAR] Bride of Frankenstein (1935) , 73/90 minutes, D: James Whale [PAR] A frightening, but campy, classic horror film, a sequel that bettered the original, and preceded the next film with an all-star horror cast, The House of Frankenstein (1944). A masterpiece from Universal horror director James Whale. Remade as The Bride (1985), starring Sting and Jennifer Beals. The delightfully evil but weird scientist Dr. Septimus Pretorius (Ernest Thesiger) compelled and convinced Dr. Henry Frankenstein (Colin Clive) to artificially make a female companion/mate (Elsa Lanchester) to placate the lonely Monster (Boris Karloff), who had been terrorizing the countryside. In this version, the monster was more human-like, and could even speak a few words. (The monster had escaped death from the fiery castle at the end of Frankenstein (1931), the previous film). The humorous creation/\"birth\" scene of the Bride was an unforgettable classic. [PAR] Captain Blood (1935), 119 minutes, D: Michael Curtiz [PAR] A classic adventure film swashbuckler, Errol Flynn's first starring role, and the first of eight romantic pairings with co-star de Havilland. A young 17th century Irish physician/surgeon Dr. Peter Blood (Errol Flynn) was wrongly condemned by a judge for participating in the Monmouth uprising and aiding the rebels by treating their wounds. He was sold into plantation slavery in the Caribbean (Jamaica). He was purchased by the beautiful niece Arabella Bishop (Olivia de Havilland) of a brutal plantation owner, but escaped his unfair sentence and became a leader of a band of fearsome Caribbean pirates. He launched his own battle against Col. Bishop, the colonial governor of Jamaica (Lionel Atwill) in a number of stirring action sequences including sea battles and bombardments and a fencing duel with rival villainous pirate Capt. Levasseur (Basil Rathbone). He also charmingly romanced Arabella. [PAR] Dangerous (1935), 78 minutes, D: Alfred E. Green [PAR] Considered the ultimate soap-opera. An idealistic, aspiring, handsome architect Don Bellows (Franchot Tone) attempted to rehabilitate and save an alcoholic former great Broadway star Joyce Heath (Bette Davis) from despair. He sponsored the tempestuous star's comeback in a stage play by bankrolling her efforts. In the process, he lost his heart to her romantically (while breaking off his engagement to his adoring wealthy socialite Gail Armitage (Margaret Lindsay), despite the presence of Joyce's husband Gordon Heath (John Eldredge). When Gordon refused to give his wife Joyce a divorce, she intentionally ran the car into a tree and paralyzed him for life. Joyce was guilt-ridden after the deliberate accident, vowed to take care of Gordon, and sent Don back to Gail. Notable for Bette Davis winning her first Best Actress Academy Award, possibly as a consolation prize because she didn't win for Of Human Bondage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Reubens - TV.com Paul Reubens - TV.com [PAR] Paul Reubens [PAR] 8/27/1952, Peekskill, New York, USA [PAR] Birth Name [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Paul Reubens is a Jewish-American comedian, actor and writer. Reubens is more widely known by his persona Pee-wee Herman, a character he created while performing with the improvisational group, The Groundings. Later Reubens created the Pee-wee Herman Show which ran for five months at the Roxy Theater. He\u2026 more [PAR] Credits [PAR] S 1: Ep 15 State of Mind [PAR] 12/30/12 [PAR] S 1: Ep 14 Tagged [PAR] 12/23/12 [PAR] S 1: Ep 10 Scars Part 2 [PAR] 11/2/12 [PAR] S 1: Ep 9 Scars Part 1 [PAR] 10/26/12 [PAR] S 1: Ep 8 The Reward [PAR] 10/19/12 [PAR] S 1: Ep 1 The Groovenians [PAR] 11/10/02 [PAR] S 1: Ep 6 Show #106 [PAR] 7/18/01 [PAR] S 1: Ep 5 Show #105 [PAR] 7/11/01 [PAR] S 1: Ep 4 Show #104 [PAR] 7/4/01 [PAR] S 1: Ep 3 Show #103 [PAR] 6/27/01 [PAR] S 1: Ep 2 Show #102 [PAR] 6/20/01 [PAR] S 5: Ep 10 Playhouse for Sale [PAR] 11/10/90 [PAR] S 5: Ep 9 Something to Do [PAR] 11/3/90 [PAR] S 5: Ep 8 Camping Out [PAR] 10/27/90 [PAR] S 5: Ep 7 Fun, Fun, Fun [PAR] 10/20/90 [PAR] S 5: Ep 6 Accidental Playhouse [PAR] 10/13/90 [PAR] S 6: Ep 3 The Dancing Princesses [PAR] 11/14/87 [PAR] S 6: Ep 2 The Little Mermaid [PAR] 4/6/87 [PAR] S 6: Ep 1 Rip Van Winkle [PAR] 3/23/87 [PAR] S 5: Ep 1 Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp [PAR] 7/14/86 [PAR] Max (voice) (as Paul Mall) [PAR] 1986 [PAR] S 3: Ep 5 Arioch Cain [PAR] 10/29/15 [PAR] S 3: Ep 4 The Djinn [PAR] 10/22/15 [PAR] S 3: Ep 3 Eli Matchett [PAR] 10/15/15 [PAR] S 2: Ep 4 Dr. Linus Creel [PAR] 10/13/14 [PAR] S 2: Ep 3 Dr. James Covington [PAR] 10/6/14 [PAR] S 9: Ep 1 Executive Decision [PAR] 9/16/96 [PAR] S 8: Ep 8 Bad Company [PAR] 11/6/95 [PAR] S 8: Ep 2 The Awful Truth [PAR] 9/25/95 [PAR] S 7: Ep 21 The Good Nephew [PAR] 3/13/95 [PAR] S 3: Ep 122 Show #0465 [PAR] 10/31/84 [PAR] S 2: Ep 159 Show #0334 [PAR] 1/3/84 [PAR] S 1: Ep 148 Show #0148 [PAR] 11/18/82 [PAR] S 1: Ep 6 Pal Joey [PAR] 10/20/79 [PAR] S 3: Ep 12 Mad City: Ghosts [PAR] 1/16/17 [PAR] S 2: Ep 16 Wrath of the Villains: Prisoners [PAR] 3/28/16 [PAR] S 1: Ep 15 Cereal Criminals [PAR] 3/23/15 [PAR] S 2014: Ep 20141030 2014/10/30 [PAR] 10/30/14 [PAR] S 1: Ep 2 Droids in Distress [PAR] 10/13/14 [PAR] S 9: Ep 13 Bike, Borrow & Steal [PAR] 2/1/12 [PAR] S 3: Ep 15 Mitefall! [PAR] 11/18/11 [PAR] S 3: Ep 2 Bat-Mite Presents: Batman's Strangest Cases! [PAR] 4/1/11 [PAR] S 2: Ep 18 Emperor Joker! [PAR] 10/22/10 [PAR] S 1: Ep 19 Legends of the Dark Mite! [PAR] 5/29/09 [PAR] S 2: Ep 64 March 10, 2011 [PAR] 3/10/11 [PAR] S 36: Ep 12 Gwyneth Paltrow/Cee-Lo Green [PAR] 1/15/11 [PAR] S 2: Ep 7 Power Animal [PAR] 11/22/10 [PAR] S 18: Ep 44 Earning His Stripes [PAR] 11/1/10 [PAR] S 23: Ep 31 October 19, 2010 [PAR] 10/19/10 [PAR] S 1: Ep 7 7 [PAR] 9/22/09 [PAR] S 1: Ep 4 Certifrycation Class / Sing Beans [PAR] 11/16/07 [PAR] S 1: Ep 9 Corpsicle [PAR] 12/12/07 [PAR] S 1: Ep 7 Smell of Success [PAR] 11/21/07 [PAR] S 2: Ep 8 Extreme Lamebrains/Still Got It [PAR] 10/5/07 [PAR] S 1: Ep 3"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Stieglitz and Camera Work | Cleveland Museum of Art Alfred Stieglitz and Camera Work | Cleveland Museum of Art [PAR] Photograph of Portrait - Gertrude Stein by Pablo Picasso, Camera Work, June 1913, Special Number. [PAR] Winter, Fifth Avenue (1892) by Alfred Stieglitz, Camera Work October 1905, 12:7. [PAR] The Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession by Alfred Stieglitz, Camera Work, April 1906, 14:42. [PAR] A [PAR] Alfred Stieglitz and Camera Work [PAR] Alfred Stieglitz, photographer, editor, writer, and gallery owner, was an integral figure in the development of 20th century photography and modern art in America at the turn-of-the-century. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1864, Stieglitz became fascinated with photography at an early age. His father Edward, a prosperous wool merchant, was able to educate his children abroad. In 1882, Alfred enrolled in the Technische Hochschule in Berlin where he studied photochemistry. He was influenced by the work of the noted British photographer Peter Henry Emerson (1856-1936) who pioneered the use of the platinum paper and the photogravure. [PAR] Stieglitz returned to New York in 1892 after ten years abroad and quickly gained notoriety for his work. In 1902 he organized the Photo Secession in reaction to the conservatism prevalent in the Camera Club of New York. He worked with prominent photographers of the day, among them Edward Steichen, Gerturde Kasebier, Clarence H. White, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Annie Brigman, and Frank Eugene, to promote the photograph as art. The 1903 inception of the magazine, Camera Work, grew out of this experience.1 [PAR] Stieglitz's influence on both photography and art is best seen in microcosm through the magazine, Camera Work, in which he championed the medium as a means of artistic self expression on par with the fine arts. Camera Work served as a forum for criticism as well, publishing early writing on photography. By 1910, Stieglitz began to use the pages of Camera Work to reproduce works of modern art by C\u00e9zanne, Matisse, Picasso, Rodin, and van Gogh. Additionally, he brought forth the first American publication of Gertrude Stein in 1912, who wrote about Matisse and Picasso. In this way Camera Work served as the starting point for modern art in America three years prior to the Armory Show. The Armory Show was, in itself, a pivotal moment in the history of American art. Held at New York's 69th Regiment Armory, this exhibition included more than 1,200 works by contemporary American and European artists. Steiglitz was both a lender to, and patron of, the exhibition. [PAR] From the start, Stieglitz stressed the importance of reproducing images of the highest quality in Camera Work. As he wrote in a column entitled \"An Apology\" from the premier issue of the magazine in 1903, \"Photography being in the main a process in monochrome, it is on subtle gradations in tone and value that its artistic beauty so frequently depends. It is, therefore, highly necessary that reproductions of photographic work must be made with exceptional care and discretion if the spirit of the originals is to be retained, though no reproductions can do full justice to the subtleties of some photographs.\"2 [PAR] Throughout the pages of Camera Work, Stieglitz promoted his gallery of the Photo-Secession, 291, by publishing reviews of exhibitions, work by artists featured there, as well as photographs of exhibitions. [PAR] Founded in 1905 with Edward Steichen, the gallery, located on the top floor of 291 Fifth Avenue, was initially intended to promote photography as an independent art form. The Gallery went on to exhibit works by notable contemporary European and American artists including Matisse, C\u00e9zanne, Picasso, Dove,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indianapolis Motor Speedway Indianapolis Motor Speedway [PAR] In what year did the first Indianapolis 500 take place? [PAR] 1911. Ray Harroun won in the Marmon \"Wasp.\" [PAR] Why was the distance of 500 miles selected? [PAR] Having decided to dispense with multi-race programs and concentrate on one major race for 1911, Speedway leader Carl Fisher and his partners envisioned an event that would appeal to the public by lasting approximately seven hours between mid-morning and late afternoon. A distance of 500 miles was settled upon, and Ray Harroun won the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911 in six hours, 42 minutes and eight seconds. [PAR] What is the distance of one lap around the oval? [PAR] 2.5 miles. The track has four distinct turns and straightaways, a layout unchanged since the facility opened in 1909. The front and back straightaways are 5/8th of a mile each, with the \"short chute\" straightaways between Turns 1 and 2 and Turns 3 and 4 at 1/8th of a mile each. Each of the four turns is 1/4th of a mile long. [PAR] What is the degree of banking in the turns? [PAR] Each of the four turns on the oval is banked at exactly 9 degrees, 12 minutes, the same dimensions as when the track opened in 1909. [PAR] Which driver has won the Indianapolis 500 the most times? [PAR] Three drivers have won the Indianapolis 500 four times each: [PAR] A.J. Foyt (1961, 1964, 1967, 1977) [PAR] Al Unser (1970, 1971, 1978, 1987) [PAR] Rick Mears (1979, 1984, 1988, 1991) [PAR] Who is the youngest winner of the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] Troy Ruttman was 22 years, 80 days old when he won the 36th Indianapolis 500 on May 30, 1952. Q. Who is the oldest winner of the Indianapolis 500? A. Al Unser was 47 years, 360 days old when he won the 71st Indianapolis 500 on May 24, 1987. [PAR] What is the name of the trophy presented to the winner of the race each year? [PAR] The Borg-Warner Trophy, which was commissioned in 1935 by the Borg-Warner Automotive Company. In 1936, Indianapolis 500 winner Louis Meyer was the first driver to receive the trophy. [PAR] Why does the winner of the Indianapolis 500 drink milk in Victory Lane? [PAR] Three-time Indianapolis 500 winner Louis Meyer regularly drank buttermilk to refresh himself on a hot day and happened to drink some in Victory Lane as a matter of habit after winning the 1936 race. An executive with what was then the Milk Foundation was so elated when he saw the moment captured in a photograph in the sports section of his newspaper the following morning that he vowed to make sure it would be repeated in coming years. There was a period between 1947-55 when milk was apparently no longer offered, but the practice was revived in 1956 and has been a tradition ever since. [PAR] Have women competed in the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] Nine women have raced in the Indianapolis 500: [PAR] Janet Guthrie (1977-79) [PAR] Lyn St. James (1992-97, 2000) [PAR] Sarah Fisher (2000-04, 2007-10) [PAR] Helio Castroneves (2001) [PAR] Have there always been 33 cars in the starting field of the Indianapolis 500? [PAR] No. After 40 cars started in the inaugural race in 1911, the Contest Board of the American Automobile Association (AAA), the sanctioning body at the time, mandated a formula for limiting the size of a starting field according to the size of the track. It was determined that the safe distance between each car spread equally around a course would be 400 feet,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donna Summer - Biography - IMDb Donna Summer - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Donna Summer [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (33) | Personal Quotes (7) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Donna Summer rocketed to international super-stardom in the mid-1970s when her groundbreaking merger of R&B, soul, pop, funk, rock, disco and avant-garde electronica catapulted underground dance music out of the clubs of Europe to the pinnacles of sales and radio charts around the world. Maintaining an unbroken string of hits throughout the 70s and 80s, most of which she wrote, Donna holds the record for most consecutive double albums to hit #1 on the Billboard charts (3) and first female to have four #1 singles in a 12 month period; 3 as a solo artist and one as a duo with Barbra Streisand. A five-time Grammy winner, Donna Summer was the first artist to win the Grammy for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Female (1979, \"Hot Stuff\") as well as the first-ever recipient of the Grammy for Best Dance Recording (1997, \"Carry On\"). In 2004, she became one of the first inductees, as both an Artist Inductee and a Record Inductee (for 1977's \"I Feel Love\") into the Dance Music Hall of Fame in New York City. Born Donna Gaines on New Year's Eve to a large family in Boston, she developed an early interest in music. From the age of eight, Summer sang in church choirs and city-wide choruses, and by her early twenties, was performing in musical theatre in Germany, winning parts in such highly-acclaimed shows as \"Hair,\" \"Showboat,\" \"Godspell,\" and \"Porgy and Bess\" as well as performing with the Viennese Folk Opera. She released her first single, a cover of the Jaynett's girl group classic, \"Sally Go Round The Roses,\" in 1971. While singing backup, she met producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte who produced her first single, \"Hostage,\" which became a hit in the Netherlands, France and Belgium. In 1975, Moroder and Bellotte produced the international hit, \"Love to Love You Baby,\" which rose to #2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and triggered Summer's triumphant return to the United States as a key figure of the then-emerging disco genre. \"Love To Love You Baby\" paved the way for such international hits as \"MacArthur Park,\" \"Bad Girls,\" \"Hot Stuff,\" \"Dim All The Lights,\" \"On The Radio,\" and \"Enough Is Enough,\" as well as the Grammy and Academy award winning theme song \"Last Dance,\" from the film \"Thank God It's Friday,\" which remains a milestone in Donna's career. In 1980, Summer became the first artist to sign with David Geffen's new label, Geffen Records, leaving her disco days behind and moving into the next phase of her career .\" In the years that followed, Summer collaborated with writers and producers such as Quincy Jones, Michael Omartian and England's dance-pop production compound Stock Aitken Waterman and produced a steady stream of hits from \"State of Independence,\" featuring Michael Jackson on backing vocals, to the abiding feminist anthem \"She Works Hard For The Money,\" one of the most-played songs of all-time, and the infectious \"This Time I Know It's For Real.\" In 1994, she released \"Endless Summer,\" a greatest hits retrospective containing a new song, \"Melody of Love,\" which became Billboard's #1 Dance Record of the Year. She also released the critically acclaimed gem \"Christmas Spirit,\" a collection of Summer's original songs and holiday standards recorded with the Nashville Symphony Orchestra. Summer spent the '90s continuing to tour, performing to sold-out audiences"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Vitus Dance - Miami Vice Wiki - Wikia St. Vitus Dance | Miami Vice Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Living on a yacht in a Miami marina helped Crockett to keep his lives as an undercover detective and drug dealing middleman Sonny Burnett separate. The lack of a fixed address also helped him to stay \"off the radar\" and made him harder to find, even when the St. Vitus was docked at its usual berth, and Crockett's watch-gator Elvis helped ensure anyone who did find his home was given a hostile welcome. The yacht provided Crockett with an unorthodox residence for entertaining his (usually female) guests, as seen frequently in the series; both Gina and Theresa Lyons regularly stayed on the yacht, and associates from his undercover work, such as Jake Pierson , would often visit him there to discuss business. [PAR] Occasionally, Crockett's yacht played a more active role in his assignments, such as when he used it to \"vanish\" witnesses Al Lombard in \" Lombard \" or Keith Mollis in \" Line of Fire \", taking them out to sea on the St. Vitus where it would be more difficult for potential hitmen to find and get close to them. In the latter operation, the sailboat was badly shot up by gunmen from the Cantero organisation when they discovered its location due to a departmental leak, firing on the yacht from a helicopter. The vessel was apparently repaired soon after, as Crockett continued to use it as his residence for the remainder of the series, finally saying goodbye when he quit the Metro-Dade police force at the end of \" Freefall \". [PAR] Real Boats [PAR] Edit [PAR] The St. Vitus was portrayed by three different yachts during the course of the show's five seasons. In the pilot episode , Crockett lived on a Cabo Rico 38 sailboat, which changed to an Endeavour 40 once the show was picked up as a series. At the start of season 2 , the boat changed to a larger Endeavour 42, although some footage of the Endeavour 40 was still used in some episodes (likely stock footage filmed during season 1 ). By season 3 , the Endeavour 42 was the only boat seen, and would remain so for the rest of the series. It was never stated on the show if these boats were supposed to be the same yacht, or whether they were supposed to be three different vessels each christened the St. Vitus Dance -- however, the use of both the 40 and the 42 during season 2 implies the former. [PAR] Notes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand Coulee Dam: History and Purpose Grand Coulee Dam: History and purpose [PAR] Grand Coulee Dam: History and purpose [PAR] Oct 31, 2008 [PAR] John Harrison [PAR] Grand Coulee ( map ) is the largest dam in the Columbia River Basin and one of the largest in the world. Everything about the dam is large: it is 550 feet (167.6 meters) tall, measured from its foundation in solid granite, or approximately 350 feet (106.7 meters) from the downstream river surface to the top of the dam. It is 5,223 feet (1,592 meters) long, or 57 feet short of a mile. [PAR] (Read the March 2016 Smithsonian article on the 75th anniversary of the dam's completion.) [PAR] Grand Coulee Dam is the largest concrete structure ever built. Several other dams in the world are larger, but they include earthen berms (when completed 2009, the Three Gorges Dam in China will be roughly three times the size of Grand Coulee). Grand Coulee is 450-500 feet thick at its base and 30 feet thick at the top, and it contains 11,975,521 cubic yards (9,155,944 cubic meters) of concrete, three times as much as Hoover Dam. [PAR] The dam has four power plants. The two original power plants, the first of which began producing power in 1941, are called the Left Power Plant and the Right Power Plant. The two power plants, each of which houses nine large generators, are split by the spillway, which is 1,300 feet wide and covers an area of 13.26 acres. According to the federal Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the dam, the Left Powerhouse has three generators with a total capacity of 3 megawatts to provide power at the dam site, plus nine generators rated at 125 megawatts each. The Right Powerhouse has nine generators rated at 125 megawatts apiece. The original 18 generators began operating between 1941 and 1950. The Third Power Plant contains three generators rated at 600 megawatts apiece and three rated at 805 megawatts. These first of these six generators began operating in 1975, and the sixth in 1980. The Pump-Generator Plant, which is located on the west bank of the river, contains 12 pumps that lift water up the hillside to a canal that flows into Banks Lake, the 27-mile-long reservoir for the Columbia Basin Project . Six of the pumps can be reserved to generate about 50 megawatts each. [PAR] Individual penstocks carry water to each generator at Grand Coulee. The largest of these, at the Third Power Plant, are 40 feet in diameter and carry up to 35,000 cubic feet per second of water, or more than twice the average annual flow of the Colorado River. The dam complex includes three switchyards to transmit electricity into the regional power grid. [PAR] The total generating capacity is 6,809 megawatts and its average annual energy output is about 2,300 megawatts, or enough power to continuously supply the needs of two cities the size of Seattle. [PAR] Grand Coulee is located at river mile 596.6 in central Washington about 90 miles northwest of Spokane near the place where an ice floe dammed the river during the last Ice Age. The ice forced the river to rise from its historic channel and flow to the south, where it carved a giant canyon \u2014 the Grand Coulee. Eventually the ice retreated, and the river returned to its old channel [PAR] Grand Coulee impounds a reservoir, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, named for the president who authorized construction of the dam, which began in 1933 (see construction photos ). Lake Roosevelt backs up the river almost"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The Criterion Collection) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The Criterion Collection) - ComingSoon.net [PAR] The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (The Criterion Collection) [PAR] Brad Pitt as Benjamin Button [PAR] Cate Blanchett as Daisy [PAR] Taraji P. Henson as Queenie [PAR] Jared Harris as Captain Mike [PAR] Tilda Swinton as Elizabeth Abbott [PAR] Jason Flemyng as Thomas Button [PAR] Mahershalalhashbaz Ali as Tizzy [PAR] Elias Koteas as Monsieur Gteau [PAR] Special Features: [PAR] \u2013 Interviews with Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett [PAR] \u2013 Audio Commentary Featuring Academy Award-nominated Director David Fincher [PAR] \u2013 Footage Revealing the Innovative Techniques Behind the Academy Award-winning visual effects and Makeup [PAR] \u2013 Step-by-Step examination of the Motion-capture process aging Brad Pitt [PAR] \u2013 In-depth Exploration of David Fincher\u2019s Creative Process on the Set [PAR] \u2013 Interview with Acclaimed Composer Alexandre Desplat about the Score [PAR] \u2013 Featurettes on the film\u2019s Storyboards, Costumes, and Academy Award-winning art direction [PAR] \u2013 Stills Galleries, Including Costume Designs and Candid behind-the-scenes Production Photos [PAR] \u2013 An Essay by Film Critic Kent Jones [PAR] Other Info: [PAR] Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound [PAR] French and Spanish Languages [PAR] The following is the official description of the film: [PAR] \u201c\u2018I was born under unusual circumstances\u2026\u2019 [PAR] Thus begins \u2018The Curious Case of Benjamin Button,\u2019 the Academy Award-winning film starring Brad Pitt as a man who is born in his eighties and ages backward, and Cate Blanchett as the woman he is destined to love forever. \u2018The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\u2019 is a monumental journey \u2013 as unusual as it is epic \u2013 that follows Benjamin\u2019s remarkable adventure of romance and redemption from the end of World War I through the twenty-first century. Directed by David Fincher, \u2018The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\u2019 is a powerful testament to life and death, love and loss.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThe Curious Case of Benjamin Button\u201d is rated PG-13 for brief war violence, sexual content, language and smoking. [PAR] The Movie: [PAR] Every decade deserves its \u201cForrest Gump\u201d I guess. David Fincher\u2019s adaptation of a little known (and monumentally depressing) F. Scott Fitzgerald story is this one\u2019s. Depending on your point of view, that\u2019s either a damning condemnation or just what the doctor ordered. [PAR] Benjamin Button (Brad Pitt) is born a prematurely old man, but rather than quickly expiring as everyone expects, he keeps getting bigger and stronger and it soon becomes apparent he\u2019s ageing backwards, at which point all connection to the original story ceases. In a piece of none to subtle commentary (and that about sums up the whole film), Benjamin\u2019s very freaked father abandons him on the doorstep of one of New Orlean\u2019s first retirement homes. [PAR] Fitzgerald\u2019s story, among other things, was about the oft-made connection between the nature of childhood and old age, and the film version passes no opportunity in doing the same. However, that\u2019s as far as Benjamin\u2019s condition ever gets insofar as it affects his personality. For the most part it passes unnoticed and only is occasionally commented on. And that\u2019s because Benjamin wasn\u2019t born an old man, he was just born looking like one, and that shamelessness is reflected in quite a lot of the rest of the film. Part of that is because Fincher and screenwriter Eric Roth are trying to depict Benjamin\u2019s circumstances in a realistic world. They\u2019re not interested in telling a fairy tale, they want to tell a travelogue. And that\u2019s essentially what \u201cThe Curious Case of Benjamin Button\u201d is. Benjamin is born at the close of World War I, and after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna - Like A Prayer - YouTube Madonna - Like A Prayer - YouTube [PAR] Madonna - Like A Prayer [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 26, 2009 [PAR] \u00a9 2006 WMG"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ewan McGregor - Biography - IMDb Ewan McGregor - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Ewan McGregor [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 140 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (66) | Personal Quotes (65) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 9\u00be\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Ewan Gordon McGregor was born on March 31, 1971 in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland, to Carol Diane (Lawson) and James Charles McGregor, both teachers. His uncle is actor Denis Lawson . He was raised in Crieff. At age 16, he left Morrison Academy to join the Perth Repertory Theatre. His parents encouraged him to leave school and pursue his acting goals rather than be unhappy. McGregor studied drama for a year at Kirkcaldly in Fife, then enrolled at London's Guildhall School of Music and Drama for a three-year course. He studied alongside Daniel Craig and Alistair McGowan , among others, and left right before graduating after snagging the role of Private Mick Hopper in Dennis Potter 's six-part Channel 4 series Lipstick on Your Collar (1993). His first notable role was that of Alex Law in Shallow Grave (1994), directed by Danny Boyle , written by John Hodge and produced by Andrew Macdonald . This was followed by The Pillow Book (1996) and Trainspotting (1996), the latter of which brought him to the public's attention. [PAR] He is now one of the most critically acclaimed actors of his generation, and portrays Obi-Wan Kenobi in the first three Star Wars episodes. McGregor is married to French production designer Eve Mavrakis , whom he met while working on the television series Kavanagh QC (1995). They married in France in the summer of 1995 and have two daughters, Clara Mathilde and Esther Rose. McGregor formed a production company, with friends Jonny Lee Miller , Sean Pertwee , Jude Law , Sadie Frost , Damon Bryant , Bradley Adams and Geoff Deehan , called \"Natural Nylon\", and hoped it would make innovative films that do not conform to Hollywood standards. McGregor and Bryant left the company in 2002. He was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2013 Queen's New Years Honours List for his services to drama and charity. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: anonymous [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 22 July 1995 - present) (4 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (4) [PAR] Red hair and blue eyes [PAR] Mole on his forehead, until he had it removed [PAR] Trivia (66) [PAR] Former roommate of Jude Law . They are still close friends. [PAR] Ranked #36 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. [October 1997] [PAR] He met his wife, Eve Mavrakis , while filming for Kavanagh QC (1995). [PAR] Was originally up for the lead role in The Beach (2000), which would have reunited him with director Danny Boyle and screenwriter John Hodge who collaborated with McGregor on Shallow Grave (1994), Trainspotting (1996) and A Life Less Ordinary (1997). The role ultimately went to Leonardo DiCaprio . While McGregor blamed studio influence for the casting decision, he did not speak to either Boyle nor Hodge for years afterwards, commenting in an interview that he felt betrayed and the friendship was over. However, McGregor and Boyle made amends in 2015, with McGregor stating he has changed his opinion about the whole matter, and has moved on. [PAR] Originally auditioned for the role of Mercutio in the film Romeo + Juliet (1996). He later got his chance to work with \"Romeo + Juliet\" director Baz"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1975: In comes the Combi | Air Canada's 75th Anniversary 1975: In comes the Combi | Air Canada's 75th Anniversary [PAR] Air Canada's 75th Anniversary [PAR] Story [PAR] In comes the Combi [PAR] On January 29, 1975, the newest addition to Air Canada\u2019s fleet, a Boeing 747-200 Combination passenger/cargo aircraft (affectionately known as \u201cCombi\u201d), lands in Montreal after setting a world record for long-distance flying. The aircraft established the record for jumbo jets on January 11, when it flew 8,360 miles from the Boeing plant in Seattle to Amman, Jordan. The non-stop flight took 14 hours, 24 minutes, beating a previous record set by a Douglas DC-10 in 1973. The interior of the special jumbo jet can be arranged in a whole variety of configurations and boasts an unprecedented amount of cargo capacity. [PAR] No results found. Please search again. [PAR] The First Five Years - TCA\u2019s takeoff [PAR] In the early 1930s no air service spans our vast nation and most Canadians can\u2019t imagine flying. With a few good men, $5 million, two Lockheed Electras and a Stearman fresh from crop-dusting duties, the company takes off flying. [PAR] The First Five Years - Lockheed 14 Super Electra [PAR] Years in operation: 1938-1948 [PAR] An improved version of the original Lockheed 10A (TCA\u2019s first plane), these silver birds are now vintage beauties. [PAR] 1940s - Growth spurt [PAR] Assisting in the war effort, TCA charts the hazardous Atlantic crossing. Thanks to improvements in airports and navigation technology \u2013 like radio \u2013 that help manage Canada\u2019s weather extremes, the staff\u2019s sense of pride and unity grows along with its fleet and route map. [PAR] 1940s - Canadair North Star [PAR] Years in operation: 1947-1961 [PAR] These Canadian-made planes became the first pressurized four-engine aircraft in the fleet. The first model, the C-54GM was loaned to TCA by the RCAF and was unpressurized. [PAR] 1950s - Passion and purpose [PAR] In anticipation of the jet age, the airline expands its route network and flies more Canadians (and increasingly exotic goods) farther than ever before, both throughout Canada and around the world. [PAR] 1950s - Vickers Viscount [PAR] Years in operation: 1955-1974 [PAR] TCA became the first North American carrier to bring turbine driven aircraft into service with the gallant Vickers Viscount. The 48-passenger aircraft cruised at a speed of 507 km per hour. [PAR] 1960s - The Jet Age [PAR] With the purchase of the exciting DC-8 aircraft, the first commercial jet, TCA \u2013 which becomes Air Canada in 1965 \u2013 revolutionizes the airline industry and cuts flying time in half. [PAR] 1960s - McDonnell Douglas DC-9 [PAR] Years in operation: 1966-2002 [PAR] The fleet\u2019s workhorse, this second-generation jet improved Canadian transcontinental routes. Retrofitted models served in the fleet for over 45 years. [PAR] 1970s - OK computer [PAR] Computers improve ticketing and reservation systems and make for more efficient flying. The company\u2019s ambitions are embodied in the Boeing 747, the biggest bird to ever take to the skies. [PAR] 1970s - Lockheed L-1011-100 TriStar [PAR] Years in operation: 1973-1996 [PAR] This smaller medium- to long-range aircraft had a galley located under the passenger floor, in the belly of the cabin, in which meals were prepared and brought up by elevator. [PAR] 1980s - Global reach [PAR] Now privatized, Air Canada celebrates world-class service and its new place on the global commercial stage by offering more and more flights within Europe. [PAR] 1980s - Boeing 747 [PAR] Years in operation: 1971-2006 [PAR] Air Canada became the first Canadian airline to introduce the 747 into service across Canada and in Europe."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deniece Williams - Let's Hear It For The Boy (HQ with ... Deniece Williams - Let's Hear It For The Boy (HQ with lyrics) - YouTube [PAR] Deniece Williams - Let's Hear It For The Boy (HQ with lyrics) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Apr 26, 2010 [PAR] Deniece Williams' 1984 hit \"Let's Hear It For The Boy\" from the movie Footloose with lyrics below. [PAR] I do not own this, for entertainment purposes only. [PAR] LYRICS: [PAR] My baby, he don't talk sweet [PAR] He ain't got much to say [PAR] But he loves me, loves me, loves me [PAR] I know that he loves me anyway [PAR] And maybe he don't dress fine [PAR] But I don't really mind [PAR] 'Cause every time he pulls me near [PAR] I just wanna cheer [PAR] Let's hear it for the boy [PAR] Let's give the boy a hand [PAR] Let's hear it for my baby [PAR] You know you gotta understand [PAR] Maybe he's no Romeo [PAR] But he's my loving one-man show [PAR] Whooa, whooa, whooa-oh [PAR] Let's hear it for the boy [PAR] My baby may not be rich [PAR] He's watching every dime [PAR] But he loves me, loves me, loves me [PAR] We always have a real good time [PAR] And maybe he sings off-key [PAR] But that's all right by me, yeah [PAR] 'Cause what he does, he does so well [PAR] Makes me wanna yell [PAR] Let's hear it for the boy [PAR] Aaaah, let's give the boy a hand [PAR] Let's hear it for my baby [PAR] You know you gotta understand [PAR] Oh-oh-oh, maybe he's no Romeo [PAR] But he's my loving one-man show [PAR] Whooa, whooa, whooa-oh [PAR] Let's hear it for the boy [PAR] [Instrumental Interlude] [PAR] 'Cause every time he pulls me near [PAR] I just wanna cheer [PAR] Let's hear it for the boy [PAR] Aaaah, let's give the boy a hand [PAR] Let's hear it for my baby [PAR] You know you gotta understand [PAR] Maybe he's no Romeo [PAR] But he's my loving one-man show [PAR] Whooa, whooa, whooa-oh [PAR] Let's hear it for the boy.... [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nelson A. Rockefeller . The Rockefellers . WGBH American ... Nelson A. Rockefeller . The Rockefellers . WGBH American Experience | PBS [PAR] Other Biographies [PAR] Nelson Rockefeller believed in fate. After all, he was born on the same day as his larger-than-life grandfather, John D. Rockefeller, Sr ., a coincidence he always took to be an omen of great things to come. With Senior, he shared an ambitious vision and the boundless energy to make it real. But in other respects, Nelson couldn't have been more different from the Rockefeller patriarch. Turning his back on the intense privacy that had shielded the family for generations, he took the Rockefellers in a bold new direction. He wanted to be popular and powerful. And he wanted to be President of the United States. But fate, it turned out, would not oblige. [PAR] Born on July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor, Maine, Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller soon showed signs of the irrepressible temperament that would be his trademark. He led his brothers in all kinds of projects, displaying the charm and vitality inherited from his mother, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller , who clearly favored him. Nelson had a more strained relationship with his father, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. , whose emphasis on discipline and modesty didn't quite suit his third child. [PAR] Unlike his father, in fact, Nelson always seemed to be in a hurry. He got married just a few days after graduating from Dartmouth, and was soon searching for ways to \"get very far in this world,\" as he put it. The newly started Rockefeller Center project provided a good launching pad. Building on his interest in modern art, which he had inherited from his mother, he handled relations with the artists hired to embellish the complex, including the controversial Diego Rivera . He also plunged into the task of finding tenants for the ambitious complex, showing leadership and managerial skills that would make him indispensable in the family venture. In 1938, at the age of 29, he was named president of Rockefeller Center. [PAR] But Rockefeller's restlessness and ambition would soon push him beyond the confines of New York City. Seeking a role in national politics, he joined President Roosevelt's administration in 1940 as the head of a new agency for Latin-American affairs. He stayed in Washington for the next five years, and again between 1953 and 1955, working on foreign affairs, government reorganization, and public policy under Presidents Truman and Eisenhower . [PAR] Rockefeller was determined to use the experience he had accumulated in the federal government to gain elective political office. In 1958, he decided to run for governor of New York State. His campaign revealed a confident and affable politician, at his best when pressing the flesh and striking up conversations with the people who came out to see him. \"Hi Ya, Fella\" became his signature greeting. \"Rocky,\" his nickname. After a massive campaign, bankrolled with his legendary fortune, Rockefeller won the election handily. The New York Times did not fail to notice the historical significance of the result: \"The election of Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller has given the final stamp of public approval to a name that once was among the most hated and feared in America.\" [PAR] Rockefeller wasted no time making the most of his new political prominence. As governor, he took it upon himself to change the physical face of New York State through an array of sweeping public works projects. He built low-income housing, schools, hospitals, roads, and monuments -- among them, the grandiose Albany Mall, a marble complex which is now"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arizona Cardinals Jokes - NFL Jokes - Jokes4us.com Arizona Cardinals Jokes - NFL Jokes [PAR] Arizona Cardinals Jokes [PAR] Q: What happened after Arizona Cardinals quarterback Kurt Warner announced his retirement from football? [PAR] A: Brett Favre called him a quitter! [PAR] Q: Want to hear a Cardinals joke? [PAR] A: Carson Palmer! [PAR] Q: Why is Carson Palmer like a grizzly bear? [PAR] A: Every fall he goes into hibernation. [PAR] Q: What did the Steelers say to the Cardinals? [PAR] A: Look at my Super bowl Ring [PAR] Q: Did you hear about the joke that Carson Palmer told his receivers? [PAR] A: It went over their heads. [PAR] Q: Why does President Obama want to send Cardinals QB Carson Palmer to Syria? [PAR] A: The CIA are convinced Carson is the only American who can overthrow Bashir Assad. [PAR] Q: Why can't Carson Palmer use the phone anymore? [PAR] A: Because he can't find the receiver. [PAR] Q. How are the Cardinals like my neighbors? [PAR] A. They can't pick up a single yard! [PAR] Q: How many Cardinals fans does it take to change a light bulb? [PAR] A: None they are happy living in San Francisco's shadow! [PAR] Q: What's the best part about dating a Cardinals fan? [PAR] A: She won't be asking for a ring! [PAR] Q: What do the Cardinals and the Post Office have in common? [PAR] A: Neither deliver on Sundays! [PAR] Q: What happened after the Arizona Cardinals lost in the playoffs? [PAR] A: Kurt Warner asked the team whether they wanted paper of plastic! [PAR] Q: What do the Arizona Cardinals and a Chick-Fil-A manager have in common? [PAR] A: Neither one shows up for work on Sunday. [PAR] Q: Why did hell freeze over January 2, 1999? [PAR] A: Because the Cardinals were playing a playoff game that day. [PAR] Q: Why should the Cardinals pay more attention to Anquan Boldin's trade demands? [PAR] A: He's been hanging out with Plaxico Burress! [PAR] Q: How many Arizona Cardinals does it take to win a Super Bowl? [PAR] A: Nobody knows and we may never find out! [PAR] Q: What's the difference between the Arizona Cardinals and a dollar bill? [PAR] A: You can still get four quarters out of a dollar bill. [PAR] Q: What do the Arizona Cardinals and possums have in common? [PAR] A: Both play dead at home and get killed on the road! [PAR] Q: Why doesn't Tucson have a professional football team? [PAR] A: Because then Phoenix would want one. [PAR] Q: Did you hear about the blonde burglar? [PAR] A: He broke into the Arizona Cardinals' trophy room. [PAR] Q: How do you know the Arizona State Police are seriously enforcing the Speed Limits into Glendale. [PAR] A: For the first offense, they give you two Arizona Cardinals tickets. If you get stopped a second time, they make you use them. [PAR] Q: What is the difference between a Cardinals fan and a baby? [PAR] A: The baby will stop whining after awhile. [PAR] Q: How many Arizona Cardinals does it take to change a tire? [PAR] A: One, unless it's a blowout, in which case they all show up [PAR] Q: What do you call 53 millionaires around a TV watching the Super Bowl? [PAR] A: The Arizona Cardinals. [PAR] Q: What do the Arizona Cardinals and Billy Graham have in common? [PAR] A: They both can make 70,000 people stand up and yell \"Jesus Christ\". [PAR] Q: How do you keep an Arizona Cardinal out of your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stan Getz - The sound - Official Homepage Stan Getz - The sound - Official Homepage [PAR] Stan Getz - \"The Sound\" [PAR] PIONEER OF COOL, BOSSA NOVA & MODERN JAZZ [PAR] \"My life is music, and in some vague, mysterious and subconscious way, I have always been driven by a taut inner spring which has propelled me to almost compulsively reach for perfection in music, often - in fact, mostly - at the expense of everything else in my life. - Stan Getz [PAR] ************ [PAR] ************ [PAR] \"The story goes that one day God announced he wished to play a musical instrument and so he choose the tenor saxophone because to him, it sounded closest to the sound of an angelic voice. [PAR] An angel nearby hearing God suggested he listen to a Stan Getz recording which God did. After listening to a tune or two God declared that he had decided to shoose another instrument. When the angel asked God why he had changed his mind God paused, smiled broadly, and answered...\"Because I have heard the voice of perfection\".\" [PAR] R.I.P. Stan"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Cherry Orchard: Context SparkNotes: The Cherry Orchard: Context [PAR] The Cherry Orchard [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Anton Pavlevich Chekhov was born on January 17th, 1860, in Taganrog, Russia. His father Pavel was a shopkeeper the town, which was small, provincial, and on the Sea of Azov in the south of Russia, and his grandfather was Egor Chekhov, a serf. Serfs were the legal property of the landowners who owned the property on which they resided; it was thus a form of slavery. In 1841, Egor bought freedom for himself and his family at the price of 875 rubles. [PAR] Russia had been changing ever since the early 18th century, when Tsar Peter the Great carried out a series of reforms with the intent of modernizing Russia in Western Europe's image. European styles in fashion and art were imported, the Western canon was widely read among the nobility, and French was adopted as the language of cultured discourse. A large government bureaucracy was created; the achievement of rank became an obsession of Russian life. During Chekhov's childhood, in the time of Tsar Alexander II, a second wave of reforms was underway, reforms that further liberalized the country and its economy. The most important of these was the Emancipation Declaration of 1861, which freed the serfs from bondage. These reforms caused great controversy, as they introduced what was, in effect, the beginning of a free-market economy, undermining the power of the nobility, and sometimes even impoverishing them. The situation displayed in The Cherry Orchard, of a wealthy landowning family forced to sell their estate in order to pay their debts, was thus a familiar one in the Russian society of Chekhov's day. [PAR] Chekhov himself had a relatively quiet childhood. He attended the local Russian grammar school, worked in his father's store and occasionally wrote small pieces for the amusement of his family. Taganrog was not a typical provincial town; it was a multicultural port, with Italians, Greeks, and Turks residing in the wealthier sections of town and Russians such as the Chekhovs living in comparatively poor suburbs. It had a theater, which the young Chekhov would often visit. When Chekhov was sixteen, Pavel's store failed, and the entire family had to move to Moscow\u2014the entire family, that is, except for Anton. A merchant (and friend of the family) had helped the Chekhovs with a loan, but insisted on keeping Anton with him in the house as a kind of collateral. As soon as he could, he left Taganrog in order to pursue medical studies in Moscow in 1879 at the age of 19. [PAR] That year, Chekhov began to write comic stories in order to pay his medical school tuition. By the time he was twenty, he was employed by The Spectator magazine as their regular humorist. Over ninety percent of Chekhov's published work appeared in magazines before he was twenty-eight, and, by this age, he had already established himself as a premier writer of short stories. As he developed as a writer, his stories began to take on deeper and more profound themes, as he moved away from his comic roots. [PAR] To this day, Chekhov's literary reputation primarily rests with his short stories, and Chekhov's early plays, written primarily in his early 20s, are not well-remembered. It was only in 1896 that he began to turn his attention back to drama; in the eight remaining years before his death, he managed to complete four plays: The Seagull, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, and The Cherry Orchard. [PAR] The first performance of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No. 89: John Cougar, \u2018Jack & Diane\u2019 \u2013 Top 100 Classic Rock ... No. 89: John Cougar, \u2018Jack & Diane\u2019 \u2013 Top 100 Classic Rock Songs [PAR] No. 89: John Cougar, \u2018Jack & Diane\u2019 \u2013 Top 100 Classic Rock Songs [PAR] By Annie Zaleski April 1, 2012 11:50 AM [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] WEA [PAR] When summertime hits, or when you\u2019d like to pretend it\u2019s here, there\u2019s no better song to revisit (and blast in the car at top volume) than \u2018Jack & Diane.\u2019 [PAR] Released when John Mellencamp was still recording under the name John Cougar, it remains his biggest hit single, one which spent four weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100. In fact, the song was a major reason why 1982\u2019s \u2018American Fool\u2019 finally made Cougar a household name. It\u2019s also earned him a spot on our Top 100 Classic Rock Songs list. [PAR] \u2018Jack & Diane\u2019 endures because of its longing for a simpler time. The titular lovestruck teenagers live in a small town where \u201csucking on chili dogs / outside the Tastee Freeze\u201d is an ideal date and enough to make the big city seem unappealing. These lyrics are tempered by the perspective of an outside observer\u2014ostensibly someone looking back many years later\u2013who gently notes: \u201cHold on to sixteen as long as you can / Changes come around real soon / Make us women and men.\u201d [PAR] The song\u2019s instrumentation and arrangement perpetuate this nostalgic vibe. Mellencamp\u2019s long-time backing band\u2014guitarists Mike Wanchic and Larry Crane, drummer Kenny Aronoff, bassist Robert Frank and keyboardist Eric Rosser\u2014exhibit deft restraint. Handclaps, splattering percussion, sparse acoustic strumming and faded piano dominate, save for a bridge with soul-infused gang vocals. (According to Mellencamp, guitarist/backing vocalist Mick Ronson gets credit for helping this interlude gel.) [PAR] \u2018American Fool\u2019 also helped cement another fruitful collaboration: It was the second album Cougar worked on with producer Don Gehman, and its success lead to a musical relationship which spanned from 1983\u2019s \u2018Uh-Huh\u2019 and 1985\u2019s \u2018Scarecrow\u2019 to 1987\u2019s \u2018The Lonesome Jubilee.\u2019 Because of his work with Mellencamp, Gehman earned a reputation for having a masterful touch with folk-tinged pop music, which led to work with such stars as R.E.M. [PAR] Above all, the universal themes of \u2018Jack & Diane\u2019 \u2014 the exuberance of puppy love and the sense that being young lasts forever \u2014 still resonate today.[DOC] [TLE] John Mellencamp - Jack & Diane - YouTube John Mellencamp - Jack & Diane - YouTube [PAR] John Mellencamp - Jack & Diane [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 5, 2009 [PAR] Music video by John Mellencamp performing Jack & Diane. (C) 1982 John Mellencamp under exclusive license to the Island Def Jam Music Group [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mansion where Truman Capote wrote Breakfast at Tiffany's ... Mansion where Truman Capote wrote Breakfast at Tiffany's sells for record $12million | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Mansion where Truman Capote wrote Breakfast at Tiffany's sells for record $12million [PAR] comments [PAR] The house in New York where Truman Capote wrote some of his most famous works has been sold for around $12million. [PAR] It is the most expensive house ever sold in Brooklyn - but the price is nonetheless disappointing for the realtors, who were hoping it would fetch closer to $18million. [PAR] The appeal of the 11-bedroom mansion is strengthened by its status as the place where Capote hammered out his novella Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1958. [PAR] Celebrity status: This house in Brooklyn Heights has been brought by the Rockstar Games co-founder for $12.5million [PAR] Colourful: The golden-yellow house has an extensive back garden, a rarity for New York [PAR] That work became world-famous when it was adapted into a film starring Audrey Hepburn as the mysterious Holly Golightly. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share [PAR] However, the house's attractions are not limited to its celebrity past. [PAR] It has been described as the best house in Brooklyn's best neighbourhood, Brooklyn Heights, and the agent handling the sale described it as 'like living in a country estate in the middle of New York City'. [PAR] Pricey: The house is believed to be the most expensive ever sold in Brooklyn [PAR] Celebrity: Author Truman Capote lived in part of the house for a decade, from 1955 to 1965 [PAR] Inspiration: While living in the house Capote wrote Breakfast at Tiffany's, later adapted into a film featuring Audrey Hepburn's iconic performance as the mysterious Holly Golightly [PAR] As well as the huge number of bedrooms, the house - built in 1839 - has 11 fireplaces, parking for four cars and an extensive garden, and is decorated with crystal chandeliers. [PAR] If it were located in a trendy Manhattan neighbourhood, it would be worth tens of millions of dollars. [PAR] But after being listed by Sotheby's at $18million in May 2010, the luxurious home took nearly two years to be sold, and lost a third of its estimated value during that time. [PAR] Now it has finally changed hands after being picked up for a relative bargain by an unidentified buyer. [PAR] Luxurious: This is just one of the 11 fireplaces installed in the house's 11 bedrooms [PAR] Kitchen: Another impressive feature of the Brooklyn Heights house, which was built in 1839 [PAR] Capote rented an apartment in the house from 1955 to 1965, after persuaded its owner, Broadway set designer Oliver Smith, to let him move in. [PAR] The author held decadent parties there when Smith was out of town. [PAR] 'You can imagine Capote running around with his slippers on,' Brooklynite screenwriter Peter Hedges told the Daily News. [PAR] Bargain: The house was eventually sold to Dan Houser for just two thirds of the $18million asking price [PAR] Haven: The garden will give Houser a refuge from the hustle and bustle of New York City[DOC] [TLE] Truman Capote House - The Huffington Post Truman Capote's Brooklyn Heights Home At 70 Willow Street Sells For $12M (PHOTOS) | The Huffington Post [PAR] Truman Capote's Brooklyn Heights Home At 70 Willow Street Sells For $12M (PHOTOS) [PAR] 03/03/2012 10:49 am ET | Updated Mar 04, 2012 [PAR] 350 [PAR] The Brooklyn Heights house where Truman Capote wrote \"Breakfast At Tiffany's\" has sold for $12M, the Daily New reports . [PAR] The 1839 house, which was originally listed at $18 million"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Picture of Windows Keyboard - Explanation of Keys Account Suspended [PAR] Account Suspended [PAR] This Account has been suspended. [PAR] Contact your hosting provider for more information.[DOC] [TLE] How To Use A Computer Keyboard | Step-By-Step Guide How To Use A Computer Keyboard | Step-By-Step Guide [PAR] How to use a computer keyboard [PAR] Whenever you use a computer, you'll probably use a keyboard [PAR] The most common kind of keyboard is referred to as a \u2018QWERTY\u2019 keyboard after the keys on the top row of letters. It was invented by C L Scholes in the 1860s when he was working out the best place to put the keys on a manual typewriter. [PAR] Follow these step-by-step instructions to help you get to know what your keyboard can do [PAR] [PAR] So that you can carry out the simple exercises below, you\u2019ll need a document open to type into. Read our guides What is WordPad? and How to open WordPad . Then create a WordPad document and go through the following steps. [PAR] [PAR] Step 1: Have a good look at your keyboard. The most important keys are labelled on the diagram below: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Click here for an enlarged version of the above diagram , which you can print out for easy reference. [PAR] [PAR] Some keyboards, especially those on laptops, will have a slightly different layout. For example, yours might not have a number pad or the delete key may be in a different place. But virtually all keyboards will have these important keys somewhere. [PAR] [PAR] Step 2: The main keys are the letter keys. When you type just using these, you get lower-case print. However, if you hold down a \u2018shift key\u2019 (there are two to choose from) at the same time as you type, you\u2019ll get UPPER-CASE letters. [PAR] [PAR] Try typing your name, including capitals (UPPER-CASE) and spaces. The \u2018space bar\u2019 (which you press briefly to make a space) is the wide key at the bottom of the keyboard. [PAR] [PAR] Step 3: If you make a mistake in your typing, there\u2019s always a remedy. [PAR] [PAR] To delete a letter, place your cursor (mouse pointer) just after the letter and click. Then press Backspace briefly. (Always press briefly \u2013 otherwise, you\u2019ll get repeated deletions, spaces, letters or whatever.) Or place your cursor just before the letter, click and press Delete. [PAR] [PAR] Step 4: Now try typing a sentence: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] This is a good sentence to practise because it contains most of the letters of the alphabet. [PAR] [PAR] Step 5: You can move the cursor along this sentence without deleting anything by using the arrow keys: [PAR] [PAR] Try moving the cursor backwards and forwards through your sentence. [PAR] [PAR] Step 6: Now try using the number pad, if you have one. [PAR] [PAR] To use this to type numbers, you have to press the Num Lock key. There may be an indicator light at the top of the keyboard or on the \u2018Num Lock\u2019 key itself to show that it\u2019s on. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Step 7: You can also type using the numbers on the main keyboard. You\u2019ll find them on the row of keys above the top line of letters. [PAR] [PAR] Above these numbers are various symbols, which include \u2018\u00a3\u2019, \u2018&\u2019, \u2018!\u2019. To use these, hold down the Shift key while you type. So if you press \u20197\u2032 on its own, you get \u20197\u2032, but if you press \u20197\u2032 while you hold down the \u2018Shift\u2019 key, you get \u2018&\u2019. [PAR] [PAR] You\u2019ll find similar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abyssinia (Ethiopia) - 1902 Encyclopedia Abyssinia (Ethiopia) [PAR] Abyssinia [PAR] (now known as: Ethiopia) [PAR] ABYSSINIA is an extensive country of Eastern Africa, the limits of which are not well defined, and authorities be regarded as lying between 7\u00b0 30' and 15\u00b0 40' N. lat., and 35\u00b0 and 40\u00b0 30' E. long., having, N. and N.W., Nubia; E., the territory of the Danakils; S; the country of the Gallas; and W., the regions of the Upper Nile [Footnote 61-1]. It has an area of about 200,000 square miles, and a population of from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000. [PAR] The name Abyssinia, or more properly Habessinia, is derived from the Arabic word Habesch, which signifies mixture or confusion, and was applied to this country by the Arabs on account of the mixed character of the people. This was subsequently Latinised by the Portuguese into Abassia and Abassinos, and hence the present name. The Abyssinians call themselves Itiopyavan, and their country Itiopia, or Manghesta Itiopia, the kingdom of Ethiopia. [PAR] Sketch Map of Abyssinia [PAR] (Date: c. 1875) [PAR] The country of Abyssinia rises rather abruptly from the low arid district on the borders of the Red Sea in lofty ranges of mountains, and slopes away more gradually to the westward, where the tributaries of the Nile have formed numerous deep valleys. It consists for the most part of extensive and elevated table-lands, with mountain ranges extending in different directions, and intersected by numerous valleys. The table-lands are generally from 6000 to 9000 feet above the level of the sea, but in the south there are some of considerable extent, which attain a height of more than 10,000 feet. The mountains in various parts of the country rise to 12,000 and 13,000 feet above the sea, and some of the peaks of Samen are said to reach to 15,000 feet, and to be always covered with snow. The average height of the range which divides the streams flowing to the east from those that flow westward is about 8000 feet, rising to 10,000 or 11,000 in the south, and sinking in the north. The whole country presents the appearance of having been broken up and tossed about in a remarkable manner, the mountains assuming wild and fantastic forms, with sides frequently abrupt and precipitous, and only accessible by very difficult passes. The Samen range of mountains are the highest in Abyssinia, and together with the Lamalmon and Lasta, mountains form a long but not continuous chain, running from north to south. [PAR] The principal rivers of Abyssinia are tributaries of the Nile. The western portion of the country may be divided into three regions, drained respectively by the Mareb, the Atbara, and the Abai. The most northern of these rivers is the Mareb, which rises in the mountains of Taranta, flows first south, then west, and afterwards turns to the north, where it is at length, after a course of upwards of 500 miles, lost in the sand, but in the rainy season it falls into the Atbara. The Atbara, or Takazza, rises in the mountains of Lasta, and flowing first north, then west, and again turning to the north, at length falls into the Nile, after a course of about 800 miles. The Abai, Bahr-el-Azrek or Blue River, the eastern branch of the Nile, an considered by Bruce ot be the main stream of that river, rises from two mountains near Geesh, in lat. 10\u00b0 59' 25\" N., long. 36\u00b0 55' 30\" E., about 10,000 feet above the level of the sea. It flows first north to the Lake of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20th Century History Timeline \u2013 Decade by Decade 20th Century History Timeline - Decade by Decade [PAR] 20th Century History [PAR] Decade by Decade [PAR] Every decade of the twentieth century had its own personality. This personality was formed by both the people and the events that dominated it. Learn more about the century by exploring its decades. [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Still from the 1903 film, The Great Train Robbery. Picture in the public domain. [PAR] 1900s [PAR] Photograph from the National Archives and Records Administration. [PAR] 1910s [PAR] The Coffinette for the Viscera of Tutankhamun on display during the press viewing of the 'Tutankhamun & The Golden Age of the Pharaohs' exhibition on November 13, 2007 in Greenwich, London, England. Picture by Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images. [PAR] 1920s [PAR] Picture courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration. [PAR] 1930s [PAR] Adolf Hitler poses with a group of SS members soon after his appointment as Chancellor. Picture courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives. [PAR] 1940s [PAR] While countries from around the world sent troops to Europe to fight World War II, the Nazis continued their blitzkrieg tactics to take over Europe, country by country, while also murdering millions of Jews and Gypsies."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cass Gilbert Buildings - John A. Weeks III Cass Gilbert Buildings [PAR] Photo Tours, Travelogues, And Random Topics [PAR] Cass Gilbert Buildings [PAR] A Photo Tour Of Twin Cities Area Buildings [PAR] Designed By Pioneering Architect Cass Gilbert [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Cass Gilbert was a famous twin cities architect. While much of his career was spent designing houses and apartment buildings, he caught a major career break in landing the project to design the Minnesota State Capitol building. This brought fame to Gilbert, which allowed him to take on other world famous building projects including a building that would be the tallest skyscraper in the world. But as Gilbert's star rose, the Minnesota natives turned their back on him, forcing him to ultimately leave his twin cities home. [PAR] Note\u2014click on each photo to see the full size image. [PAR] Cass Gilbert Park [PAR] Cass Gilbert lived from 1859 to 1934. Born in Ohio, he spent his youth and early career in Saint Paul. His work in the city is honored with a park and overlook located a block north and east of the Minnesota State Capitol Building, which was his break-through project. Most of Gilbert's twin cities area work was completed between 1880 and 1900. [PAR] Cass Gilbert's Mother's Home [PAR] 471 Ashland, Saint Paul [PAR] Gilbert's mother was well connected in Saint Paul society, which allowed Gilbert to obtain commissions for homes that would otherwise not have been offered to him. This house has since been restored to its original exterior appearance, and is an excellent example of Gilbert's early work. [PAR] William H. Lightner House [PAR] 318 Summit Ave, Saint Paul [PAR] Business was good in 1893 for Saint Paul attorney William Lightner. He had outgrown his first Cass Gilbert house at 322-324 Summit, so he commissioned Gilbert to build a bigger and better home at 318 Summit Avenue. This house is located on Summit Avenue, which is a row of houses built during the gilded age by lumber and railroad executives. It was once occupied by Louis Hill, son of railroad baron James J. Hill. The house was purchased in 2006 by the Nicholson family for 1.4-million. They did a total restoration of the home, resulting in an exterior that looks much like it did 100 years ago. [PAR] Lightner-Young House [PAR] 322-324 Summit Ave, Saint Paul [PAR] This side by side duplex was built in 1886. Attorney William H. Lightner occupied the 322 address, while 324 was occupied by his law partner George B. Young. Some consider the stonework and facade of this home to be the best looking of any building designed by Gilbert in Minnesota. [PAR] Edgar C. Long House [PAR] 332 Summit Ave, Saint Paul [PAR] Built for lumber and railroad tycoon Edgar Long, this house is one of the most expensive and opulent designed by Cass Gilbert. Unfortunately, the exterior has been extensively changed since it was built in 1899, with much of the lavish detail being lost. It remains a very impressive building. [PAR] Dr. David W. McCourt House [PAR] 161 S. Cambridge, Saint Paul [PAR] This 1887 home is built in a design called the urban shingle style. Gilbert worked many round, oval, and angle details in what is otherwise a very square house. The details are essential since this house sits on a triangular lot where all sides are highly visible from the street. The barn was designed in 1897 by Gilbert, which explains why it fits in so well. [PAR] 1044 Wilson Ave, Saint Paul [PAR] This is an early Cass Gilbert design. It was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna born - Aug 16, 1958 - HISTORY.com Madonna born - Aug 16, 1958 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Madonna born [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1958, Madonna Louise Ciccone, the entertainment icon later known around the world by her first name only, is born near Detroit, Michigan. After rising to stardom as a pop singer and dancer in the 1980s, Madonna added acting to her resume, with roles in such films as Desperately Seeking Susan, Dick Tracy, A League of Their Own and Evita. The provocative performer, who often tackled sexual and religious themes in her work, also became famous for her ever-changing hairstyles and fashion sense as well as her personal life, which remains an ongoing source of fascination to the tabloid media. [PAR] Madonna was raised in a Catholic family in the suburbs of Detroit. After dropping out of the University of Michigan in 1978, the future \u201cMaterial Girl\u201d moved to New York City to become a dancer. She burst onto the music scene in 1982 with her dance single \u201cEverybody,\u201d which was followed by her self-titled debut album in 1983. She performed the title track of her second album, Like a Virgin, at the first MTV Video Music Awards in 1984, wearing her trademark \u201cBoy Toy\u201d belt. Like a Virgin, Madonna\u2019s first album to reach the No. 1 spot on the music charts, was followed by True Blue (1986) and Like a Prayer (1989), both of which also reached the top of the charts and helped establish her as one of the best-selling artists of the 1980s. Other albums have included Bedtime Stories (1994), Ray of Light (1998), Music (2000), American Life (2003), Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005) and Hard Candy (2008). In March 2008, the chameleonic hitmaker was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [PAR] Madonna made her acting debut in Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), which was followed by Shanghai Surprise (1986), co-starring her first husband, Sean Penn, and Who\u2019s That Girl (1987). In Dick Tracy (1990), Madonna acted opposite Warren Beatty, with whom she became romantically involved during filming. In 1991, she starred in Madonna: Truth or Dare?, a behind-the-scenes documentary about her \u201cBlonde Ambition\u201d tour. In 1992, Madonna caused a scandal with her Erotica album as well as a controversial, adult-themed book of photos titled Sex. Also that year, she appeared on the big-screen in A League of Their Own, a well-received movie about an all-female baseball league, co-starring Tom Hanks, Geena Davis and Rosie O\u2019Donnell. [PAR] In 1996, Madonna took on her most ambitious role yet, playing Eva Peron, the celebrated former first lady of Argentina, in the film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber\u2019s musical Evita. She received a Golden Globe for Best Actress for the performance. In 2000, Madonna appeared in the critically derided The Next Best Thing, playing a woman who has a child with her gay best friend (Rupert Everett). In 2002, she starred in another bomb, Swept Away, directed by her second husband, Guy Ritchie (Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, Snatch). [PAR] In addition to her acting credits, Madonna\u2019s music has been included on numerous movie soundtracks, including Die Another Day (2002) and Get Smart (2008). She made her directorial debut in 2008 with a film titled Filth and Wisdom. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spike | Rare Comic Books Online Spike | Rare Comic Books Online [PAR] Rare Comic Books Online [PAR] Spike at the lowest prices anywhere online. [PAR] [PAR] SPIKE - A Dark Place TPB Comic [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] GOLDEN AGE 1944 #11 SCREAM COMICS 10 cent SPIKE / STUPIE cover rough bright col [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Sugar & Spike #94 1971 Sheldon Mayer DC Comics v [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Spike Omnibus Graphic Novel from IDW [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Sugar And Spike Archives HC Vol 1 DC Silver Age classics Sheldon Mayer humor [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] 1000 Ways To Die TPB ~ Zenescope / Spike TV [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] *1st ED* *UNREAD* Buffy the Vampire Slayer S8 1-40 \"A\" Covers + Willow/Spike NM [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] SPIKE -- A Dark Place TPB -- Victor Gischler -- Buffy the Vampire Slayer [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Vintage Spike Kelly of the Commandos Better Little Book WWII #1467 [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Spike After the Fall (2008) SET#1-4, New/NM [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] DC Comics SUGAR And SPIKE #73 VG/FN 5.0 [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] SUGAR AND SPIKE #74 COVER ART, original approval cover proof 1960'S, SLED, SNOW [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] THE BEST OF DC BLUE RIBBON DIGEST # 47 SUGAR AND SPIKE SHELDON MAYER COMICS [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] DC Archive Editions: Sugar and Spike vol. 1 [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Spike: A Dark Place #1-5 (2012, Dark Horse) Complete Set Buffy Season 9 Vampire [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] SUGAR AND SPIKE #80 COVER ART, original approval cover proof 1960'S, MONSTER [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] SUGAR & SPIKE 32 GD+ Jan.1961 [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Peanuts #11 1:20 Spike First Appearance Variant Charles Schultz Boom! Comic [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Sugar and Spike #88 F- 5.5 Off White Pages [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Sugar and Spike (1956) #94 VG+ 4.5 [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] DC Comic! Sugar and Spike! Issue 85! [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Signed Jenny Frison Covers 2 Comic Art Sketch Book Vampirella Buffy Willow Spike [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] Spike Asylum 5 Sketch Variant - Very Fine - IDW HTF [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] SUGAR AND SPIKE #78 (1968) DC Comics VG+ [PAR] BUY IT NOW! [PAR] DC Sugar and Spike 5 Jan 1957 1pg paper dolls SCARCE Beauty flat VG/VG+ 4.25 [PAR] BUY IT NOW!"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GLENN, John Herschel, Jr. - Biographical Information GLENN, John Herschel, Jr. - Biographical Information [PAR] Courtesy U.S. Senate Historical Office [PAR] GLENN, John Herschel, Jr., a Senator from Ohio; born in Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio, July 18, 1921; educated in the public schools of New Concord, Ohio; graduated, Muskingum College; served in the United States Marine Corps 1942-1965; test pilot; joined the United States space program in 1959, having been selected as one of the original seven Mercury astronauts; in February 1962, became the first American to orbit the Earth; unsuccessful candidate in 1964 to the United States Senate; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in November 1974, for the term commencing January 3, 1975; subsequently appointed by the Governor, December 24, 1974, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Howard M. Metzenbaum for the term ending January 3, 1975; reelected in 1980, 1986, and again in 1992 for the term ending January 3, 1999; not a candidate for reelection in 1998; chairman, Committee on Governmental Affairs (One Hundredth through One Hundred Third Congresses); returned to space as payload specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery, October 29 to November 7, 1998; awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on August 7, 2009, for service as first American to orbit the earth; awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on May 29, 2012; was a resident of Columbus, Ohio, until his death on December 8, 2016. [PAR] Bibliography"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny Horton: The Battle of New Orleans - YouTube Johnny Horton: The Battle of New Orleans - YouTube [PAR] Johnny Horton: The Battle of New Orleans [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 9, 2012 [PAR] I don't own the rights to this song. Johnny Horton: The Battle of New Orleans. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Popular Forms - New Mexico Motor Vehicle Division Most Popular Forms [PAR] Most Popular Forms [PAR] Driver License and Identification Card [PAR] Certificate of Facts Form | MVD10077 | Download PDF [PAR] Affidavit of New Mexico Residency (under 18) | MVD10021 | Download PDF [PAR] Certification of Employment, Self-employment or School Attendance Form | MVD10459 | Download PDF [PAR] Driver License Surrender Form | MVD10231 | Download PDF [PAR] Driver License Restoration Packet (Form & Instructions) | MVD10233 | Download PDF [PAR] Driver License Reinstatement Affidavit Form | MVD10236 | Download PDF [PAR] Driver Point System Regulations and Schedule | MVD11011 | Download PDF [PAR] Driving School Record of Completion (Form & Instructions) | MVD10273 | Download PDF [PAR] Medical Report Form | MVD10124 | Download PDF [PAR] Medical - Request for Ophthalmologic or Optometric Information Form | MVD10125 | Download PDF [PAR] Request for Hearing Form | MVD10792 | Download PDF [PAR] Gender Designation Change Request | MVD10237 | Download PDF [PAR] Access to Motor Vehicle Records [PAR] Confidential Records Release Form | MVD11260 | Download PDF | Request Record Online [PAR] Ignition Interlock [PAR] Ignition Interlock License Affidavit Form | MVD10456 | Download PDF [PAR] Review of 10-Year Revocation Interlock Compliance Form | MVD10454 | Download PDF [PAR] State of Indigency (Form & Instructions) | MVD10813 | Download PDF [PAR] VEHICLE FORMS [PAR] Primary Vehicle Title and Registration Forms [PAR] Vehicle Title and Registration Application (Form & Instructions) | MVD10002 | Download PDF [PAR] Duplicate Certificate of Title Application (Form & Instructions) | MVD10901 | Download PDF [PAR] Financial Responsibility Request for Hearing (for Mandatory Vehicle Insurance) | MVD11269 | Download PDF [PAR] N.C.I.C. Certificate of Clearance Form | MVD10468 | Download PDF [PAR] Non-Use of Vehicle/Out of State Vehicle Insurance Affidavit Form | MVD11268 | Download PDF [PAR] Special Title Procedures for Mechanic's, Landlord's, Storage or Abandoned [PAR] Vehicle Lien Process Form | MVD11070 | Download PDF [PAR] VIN - Request for Vehicle or Hull Identification Number Verification Form | MVD10705 | Download PDF [PAR] Other Vehicle Title and Registration Forms [PAR] Vehicle Equipment Affirmation | MVD10053 | Download PDF [PAR] Affirmation Certifying Ownership Form | MVD10010 | Download PDF [PAR] Certificate Of Eligibility for Parking Placard for Mobility Impaired Individuals Form | MVD10383 | Fill, Print, and Go! [PAR] Change of Address Request Form | MVD10284 | Fill, Print, and Go! [PAR] Change of Equity Certification Form | MVD10044 | Download PDF [PAR] Non-receipt Affidavit Form (for Title, Registration or Cab Card) | MVD10022 | Download PDF [PAR] Notice of Mechanic's or Landowner's Lien Form | MVD10058 | Download PDF [PAR] Odometer Disclosure Statement (Form & Instructions) | MVD10187 | Download PDF [PAR] Release of Lien Form | MVD10041 | Download PDF [PAR] Repossession Affidavit Form | MVD10012 | Download PDF [PAR] Request for Refund Form | MVD10208 | Download PDF [PAR] Specially Constructed or Reconstructed Vehicle Affirmation Form | MVD10015 | Download PDF [PAR] Affidavit of Correction Form | MVD10019 | Download PDF [PAR] Affidavit of One and the Same Name Form | MVD10008 | Download PDF [PAR] Limited Durable Power Of Attorney | MVD11020 | Download PDF [PAR] Access to Motor Vehicle Records Forms [PAR] Confidential Records Release Form | MVD11260 | Fill, Print, and Go! [PAR] Transfer, Sale or Gift of Vehicle Forms [PAR] Notice of Vehicle Sold Form | MVD10048 | Fill, Print, and Go! [PAR] Affidavit of Claiming Successor Form | MVD10013 | Download PDF [PAR] Affidavit of Resale Form | MVD10059 | Download PDF [PAR] Bill of Sale (Form & Instructions) | MVD10009 | Fill, Print, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phil Collins ('Phil the Shill,' Season Two) | Miami Sound ... Phil Collins ('Phil the Shill,' Season Two) | Miami Sound Machine: 16 Best Musical Guest Stars on 'Miami Vice' | Rolling Stone [PAR] Miami Sound Machine: 16 Best Musical Guest Stars on 'Miami Vice' [PAR] Why Hundreds of Thousands Are Joining the Women's March [PAR] Miami Sound Machine: 16 Best Musical Guest Stars on 'Miami Vice' [PAR] From the Godfather of Soul to the Nuge, here are the more memorable musical greats who graced the iconic Eighties cop show [PAR] All Stories [PAR] 1. Phil Collins ('Phil the Shill,' Season Two) [PAR] A year after his \"In The Air Tonight\" soundtracked the single most defining musical moment of Miami Vice's first season (and arguably the entire series), Phil Collins appeared on the show as Phil Mayhem, the con-artist host of a TV game show called Rat Race. \"Phil the Shill\" (which also featured a young Kyra Sedgwick) ranks among Vice's funniest episodes thanks to the comic chemistry between Collins and cast goofballs Martin Ferrero (\"Izzy Moreno\") and Michael Talbott (\"Stan Switek\"). Collins even recorded a parodic theme song for Rat Race, which brilliantly bookends the episode."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] You're not drunk if you can lie on the floor without ... You're not drunk if you can lie on the floor without holding on. - Dean Martin - BrainyQuote [PAR] You're not drunk if you can lie on the floor without holding on. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Dean Martin [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NASA - NASA Facilities NASA - NASA Facilities [PAR] NASA Facilities [PAR] By Frank Seitzen [PAR] \u201cHouston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.\u201d [PAR] Bold goals - President George W. Bush announced new space exploration goals for the agency at NASA Headquarters on Jan. 14, 2004. [PAR] Photo credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls [PAR] When a city\u2019s name is one of the first words spoken on the surface of another world, the link between that city and NASA through its Johnson Space Center is rather obvious. And as the site of the memorable vista of Mercury, Gemini, Apollo and shuttle launches, Florida\u2019s Space Coast has a clear connection to NASA and its Kennedy Space Center as well. [PAR] But when many people think about NASA, places like Moffett Field or Hancock County, Miss., may not immediately come to mind. Yet these locations are also home to vital parts of NASA. [PAR] Spread out from coast to coast, NASA\u2019s centers and facilities are as diverse as the many different elements of the agency\u2019s missions. That\u2019s no coincidence \u2013 each location is home to different areas of expertise, supporting different elements of those missions. [PAR] Today, for example, Stennis Space Center in Mississippi is conducting rocket engine testing in support of NASA\u2019s exploration mission. At the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, scientists are reviewing information being sent back to Earth from distant reaches of the solar system, supporting the space science mission. Expertise in supercomputing and the search for life beyond Earth is a hallmark of the Ames Research Center in California. Satellites managed by Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland provide atmospheric data vital to NASA\u2019s Earth science research. Ideas for advanced space propulsion are tested at the Glenn Research Center in Ohio. Langley Research Center in Virginia, America\u2019s first civilian aeronautics research laboratory, plays a key role in space transportation for small payloads and satellites. The Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama develops rockets, spacecraft and instruments for space exploration and scientific discovery. And new remotely piloted aircraft recently delivered to Dryden Flight Research Center in California will not only support the aeronautics research mission, but will also serve as scientific research platforms. [PAR] NASA\u2019s 10 major centers, plus its headquarters in Washington, D.C., are joined by eight smaller facilities -- Goddard Institute for Space Studies (New York City), Independent Verification & Validation Facility (West Virginia), Michoud Assembly Facility (New Orleans), NASA Shared Services Center (Mississippi), Plum Brook Station (Ohio), Wallops Flight Facility (Virginia), White Sands Test Facility (New Mexico) and Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility (California). [PAR] As NASA undertakes the monumental task of returning humans to the moon and then exploring farther into the solar system, the agency will draw from all of these diverse areas of expertise. Every one of NASA\u2019s centers has been assigned duties in the development of the new architecture that will return humans to the moon. Each center also has a vital task relating to establishing a productive ongoing presence there once that return is accomplished. [PAR] An exciting future awaits, and it will take all of NASA, working together, to make it happen. [PAR] NASA Headquarters (Washington, D.C.) [PAR] NASA Headquarters, located a few blocks from the U.S. Capitol building, is the leadership nerve center for the agency\u2019s activities. [PAR] Headquarters management has steered U.S. civil space and aeronautics policy throughout the agency\u2019s history, setting in motion some of the most far-reaching and history-making events in the Space Age. First located in the Dolly Madison House a stone\u2019s throw from the White House, NASA Headquarters has seen its share of history, including"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roberta Flack Looks Back At Flabbergasting Phone Call With ... Roberta Flack Looks Back At Flabbergasting Phone Call With Clint Eastwood \u00ab 94.7 The WAVE [PAR] Roberta Flack Looks Back At Flabbergasting Phone Call With Clint Eastwood [PAR] May 6, 2011 10:30 AM [PAR] Filed Under: 2011 Mercedes-Benz WAVEFEST , Clint Eastwood , Morning Show Interviews , Roberta Flack [PAR] Photo: Andy Kropa/Getty Images [PAR] Imagine being a new breakout artist on the scene and getting a life-changing phone call from one of Hollywood\u2019s biggest actors and directors to use your music in his next film. [PAR] That\u2019s exactly what happened to Roberta Flack when Clint Eastwood rung her up to seek permission to use her hit \u201cFirst Time Ever I Saw Your Face\u201d in his movie Play Misty For Me after being so \u2018hypnotized\u2019 by the song, he nearly drove off the freeway. [PAR] [pullquote quote=\u201dI almost drove off into a ditch on the freeway. The song is so hypnotic and so wonderful.\u201d credit=\u201dClint Eastwood to Roberta Flack\u201d] [PAR] Even though she recorded one of her most famous hits \u201cFirst Time Ever I Saw Your Face in 1969, it wasn\u2019t until getting the surprising phone call from Clint Eastwood in 1971 to use the song in his directorial debut that Roberta\u2019s life changed forever. [PAR] She recalls the funny story with Pat & Kim of getting the unforgettable phone call from Clint and having her mother answering before getting on the phone herself. [PAR] \u201cHe said to me something I will never forget in my life; \u2018I got to tell you, I was driving down the L.A. freeway and this song came on the radio,'\u201d Roberta recalls Clint saying. \u201cAnd he said, \u2018I almost drove off into a ditch on the freeway. The song is so hypnotic and so wonderful.'\u201d [PAR] And that\u2019s what rocketed Roberta\u2019s career and transformed her into a pivotal force in music. After the song was featured in the movie, she won her first of many Grammy awards soon to follow. Listen to the entire story below, and make sure you don\u2019t miss out on seeing this music legend this Saturday, May 7th at the 2011 Mercedes-Benz WAVEFEST ! [PAR] Watch her famous song below![DOC] [TLE] Roberta Flack - The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face (from ... Roberta Flack - The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face (from \"Play Misty for Me\") - YouTube [PAR] Roberta Flack - The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face (from \"Play Misty for Me\") [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 11, 2012 [PAR] The song was popularized by Roberta Flack in 1972 in a version that became a breakout hit for the singer. The song first appeared on Flack's 1969 album First Take. Flack's rendition was much slower than the original as an early solo recording by Seeger ran two and a half minutes long whereas Flack's is more than twice that length. [PAR] This slower, more sensual version was used by Clint Eastwood in his 1971 directorial debut Play Misty for Me during a lovemaking scene. With the new exposure, Atlantic Records cut the song down to four minutes and released it to radio. It became an extremely successful single in the United States where it reached #1 on the Billboard Hot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WATCH: New Trailer for 'The Founder' with Michael Keaton ... WATCH: New Trailer for 'The Founder' with Michael Keaton - AwardsCircuit.com - By Clayton Davis [PAR] Featured Post , General , Trailer/Clips April 23, 2016 Clayton Davis [PAR] We\u2019re already looking at the Oscar season with an anticipatory eye and one of the questions we yearning to have answered is will Michael Keaton get his makeup Oscar for \u201cThe Founder\u201d from John Lee Hancock? In the hands of Harvey Weinstein, he\u2019ll surely be in the hunt but will it live up to the hype? [PAR] In theaters everywhere August 5th, check out the new trailer below: [PAR] SYNOPSIS [PAR] Written by Robert Siegel (BIG FAN), THE FOUNDER is a drama that tells the true story of how Ray Kroc (Michael Keaton), a salesman from Illinois, met Mac and Dick McDonald, who were running a burger operation in 1950s Southern California. Kroc was impressed by the brothers\u2019 speedy system of making the food and saw franchise potential. He maneuvered himself into a position to be able to pull the company from the brothers and create a billion-dollar empire. [PAR] Check out our latest Oscar Predictions and see where \u201cThe Founder\u201d ranks! [PAR] Sharing [PAR] ICYMI \u2013 Circuit Madness Tournament for Supporting Actor Still Open! VOTE! [PAR] Tee [PAR] I\u2019m actually looking forward to this- I\u2019ve never seen Keaton in a \u201cvillainous\u201d role since Betelguise (if you count this- it\u2019s a lot more selfish and callous then his usual work). I didn\u2019t see anything impressive personally from the supporting cast, but Keaton looks fantastic. [PAR] Luke McGowan [PAR] Well this looks absolutely fantastic. Nuts to those screeners. Big Oscar player for sure. I get the feeling that Laura Dern\u2019s part is going to be more Amy Ryan in Bridge of Spies than Amy Adams in The Master, but Keaton looks amazing. [PAR] Really feeling those Social Network vibes, and the comparisons I\u2019ve heard made to There Will Be Blood aren\u2019t unfair either. [PAR] Luke McGowan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] He's a Tramp - Disney Wiki - Wikia He's a Tramp | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] \"He's a Tramp\" is a song featured in Disney Lady and the Tramp . It is sung by Peggy Lee . The song was nominated for AFI's 100 years...100 Songs, as one of 15 songs from Disney and one of 17 songs from an animated movie to be nominated. [PAR] In the 1980s and 1990s , the song was featured as a DTV music video, set almost entirely to clips of the Big Bad Wolf . [PAR] On the Disneymania 2 album, The Beu Sisters perform a pop/ska cover of this song. [PAR] Lyrics[DOC] [TLE] Lady and the Tramp (1955) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] One of the big steps we take in becoming adults is learning to accommodate our nostalgia for the things we loved as a child. We shouldn't deliberately disown the films, TV shows and other cultural icons of our youth; they played a crucial part in making us who are we, for better or worse, and in some way they continue to shape our cultural choices as adults. But we mustn't let ourselves be governed by a rose-tinted view of the past; it is a dangerous blinker on the critical mind, and most attempts to recapture said past result in failure. Of course, it's very easy for me to say all this when I'm referring to things which did not affect me personally. I brought up this line of argument in my review of the fourth Indiana Jones film, since that series did not really impact me until I was a teenager; by then I already liked adventure stories, and they merely helped to cement this love. Lady and the Tramp, on the other hand, is one of the first films I can remember seeing, both in my home and in the cinema. Part of me regrets that it doesn't hold up quite as well in 2013 as it did in the early-1990s, but the rest of me can take comfort in the moments that make it a nice little charmer. Like many Disney films released in the 1950s, Lady and the Tramp had a long gestation period, partly as a result of the delays caused by World War II. The original concept, involving Lady being replaced by the new-born baby, was first floated in 1937, but Disney dismissed it as being too sweet and not having enough action. The Tramp was added in the early-1940s, though he was originally known as Homer, Rags or Bozo. The animators worried that 'Tramp' would be too sexual for a children's story, pointing to the jazz standard 'The Lady Is A Tramp' which satirised New York polite society through the character of a socially wayward woman. Over the next few years characters' names changed and various scenes were added or removed as Disney searched for the perfect story arc. In this time the only aspects of the film that remained constant were the two main characters and the dog's-level perspective on the human world (more on that later). It wasn't until 1953, around the release of Peter Pan, that Disney had the story anywhere near its finished shape, and even then changes were made right up to the release. The now-iconic spaghetti scene was almost cut by Disney, who felt that it was too silly; fortunately his animator Frank Thomas convinced him otherwise. Lady and the Tramp is significant for being the first full-length Disney feature to be based on contemporary sources"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Metropolitan Opera 50th Anniversary [PAR] The New Met [PAR] When the Met opened its doors at Lincoln Center on September 16, 1966, the New York Times declared the event a \u201ccrescendo of splendor.\u201d Read the original Times article and explore our special anniversary section celebrating five decades of Met history. [PAR] Live in HD Jan 7 [PAR] Verdi\u2019s [PAR] Nabucco [PAR] The Met\u2019s acclaimed global movie-theater transmissions continue with Verdi\u2019s Nabucco, featuring the legendary Pl\u00e1cido Domingo in the title role and Music Director Emeritus James Levine on the podium. [PAR] Opens Saturday at 6:30 pm [PAR] Gounod\u2019s Rom\u00e9o et Juliette [PAR] Diana Damrau and Vittorio Grigolo take the stage as Shakespeare\u2019s classic star-crossed lovers in Gounod\u2019s Rom\u00e9o et Juliette, conducted by Gianandrea Noseda."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jersey Joe Walcott, Boxing Champion, Dies at 80 - NYTimes.com Jersey Joe Walcott, Boxing Champion, Dies at 80 - NYTimes.com [PAR] Jersey Joe Walcott, Boxing Champion, Dies at 80 [PAR] By RICHARD D. LYONS [PAR] Published: February 27, 1994 [PAR] Jersey Joe Walcott, the son of poor immigrants from Barbados who was to slug his way out of poverty and into the record books as the oldest fighter to win the heavyweight championship of the world, died Friday at Our Lady of Lourdes Medical Center in Camden, N.J., where he lived. He was 80. [PAR] The cause of death was complications from diabetes, said a nephew, Richard Cream. [PAR] Walcott, whose real name was Arnold Raymond Cream, was known as an athlete of grit and dignity, a man who turned professional at the age of 16 and who would not quit until he had won the heavyweight title after trying and failing four times. [PAR] \"I always felt in my heart that God would give it to me,\" Walcott recalled years later. [PAR] And on July 18, 1951, at age 37, he knocked out Ezzard Charles -- an opponent who had already beaten Walcott twice -- in the seventh round of a title match in Forbes Field in Pittsburgh to attain his goal. Knocked Down Joe Louis [PAR] Walcott was also known as the fighter who knocked down Joe Louis three times. Indeed, many fight fans thought Walcott beat Louis in a match on Dec. 5, 1947, at Madison Square Garden when he knocked down Louis twice, but Louis got up to hold on for a 15-round split decision. [PAR] Even Louis seemed surprised by the verdict, at first starting to leave the ring apparently thinking he had lost. [PAR] Then, after the decision was announced, Louis went over to Walcott's corner and said, \"Joe, I'm sorry.\" Walcott and his supporters sought to have the decision reversed a week later in an appeal to the New York State Athletic Commission, but it stood. [PAR] In the rematch at Yankee Stadium the next year, Walcott knocked Louis to the canvas again, but Louis knocked Walcott out in the 11th round. [PAR] In 1949, Charles outpointed Walcott for the title that Louis had vacated, and Charles outpointed him again in 1951. Four months later, Walcott took the title away with a left hook to Charles's chin. Walcott was to beat Charles again a year later. Lost Title at Age 38 [PAR] Walcott's title was to last only 13 more rounds. At the age of 38, ahead on points, and dominating the bout, Walcott was knocked out by Rocky Marciano on Sept. 23, 1952, in what Marciano regarded as the toughest bout of his career. [PAR] Marciano won the rematch in 1953 in the first round, in what was to be Walcott's last fight. The bout also put Walcott in the record books again: as having lost more heavyweight title bouts -- six -- than any other fighter. [PAR] Walcott fought 67 times, winning 18 bouts by decisions, 30 by knockouts and 1 by a foul. He lost 11 decisions, was knocked out 6 times and fought 1 draw. [PAR] He was one of 12 children born to Joseph Cream, who came to the United States from Barbados at the age of 11. The fight career of Walcott, who was born and raised in Merchantsville, N.J., started in 1930 when he named himself Joe Walcott for a welterweight from Barbados who was a friend of the family. Meager Purses in Early Days [PAR] In 1936, Jack Dempsey staged a heavyweight show"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World War 2 Timelines - War in the Desert 1941 - Worldwar ... World War 2 Timelines - War in the Desert 1941 - Worldwar-2.net [PAR] The Western Desert Force is renamed as the XIII Corps. [PAR] 02/01/1941 [PAR] Royal Navy bombards Bardia in North Africa day and night. [PAR] 03/01/1941 [PAR] Australian 6th Division breaks through the Italian defences around Bardia. [PAR] 05/01/1941 [PAR] General Bergonzoli surrenders the Italian XXIII Corps at Bardia to the Australians. 45,000 Italian prisoners and 130 tanks are captured by the Australians for just 500 casualties. [PAR] 06/01/1941 [PAR] Churchill demands that troops be released from Wavell's offensive and sent to Greece. [PAR] 07/01/1941 [PAR] Tobruk is surrounded, but the British are unable to assault it immediately as supplies and reinforcements need to be brought up. [PAR] 11/01/1941 [PAR] Hitler confirms in Directive No.22, his intentions to send military support to the Italians in Libya. The operation is to be named 'Sunflower'. [PAR] 17/01/1941 [PAR] During the night, the Italians evacuate Kassala and Gallalabat in the Sudan. [PAR] 19/01/1941 [PAR] British troops under General Platt, re-occupy Kassala in the Sudan and advance into Eritrea. [PAR] 20/01/1941 [PAR] Emperor Haile Selassie crosses the Abyssinian border at Um Idla. [PAR] 21/01/1941 [PAR] British and Australian forces breach the defenses at Tobruk. [PAR] 22/01/1941 [PAR] Tobruk surrenders to British and Australian troops who capture 25,000 Italians, along with 208 guns and 87 tanks. Combined British and Australian losses were about 450. The British government now orders Wavells XIII Corps to capture Benghazi. [PAR] 23/01/1941 [PAR] The British 4th Armoured Brigade reaches Mechili, but cannot attack as its garrison is stronger than first thought and so has to bring the rest of the 7th Armoured Division up. [PAR] 24/01/1941 [PAR] General Cunningham's 'Southern Force' invades Italian Somaliland from Garissa and Bura in Kenya. [PAR] 26/01/1941 [PAR] The Italians evacuate Mechili during the night. [PAR] 27/01/1941 [PAR] The 7th Armoured Division captures Mechili. Meanwhile the Australians have bumped into strong Italian defences at Derna and so Wavell decides to halt further offensive action until reinforcements and supply can be brought up. [PAR] 30/01/1941 [PAR] Australian troops capture Derna as the Italians begin to withdraw towards Benghazi. The 1st South African Division launches a feint attack against Mega in southern Abyssinia, in order to prevent the Italians from sending troops to reinforce their hard pressed forces in Somaliland. [PAR] 31/01/1941 [PAR] The Italian garrison at Metemma in northern Abyssinia, having been under increasing pressure for the past 3 weeks, begins to withdraw towards Gondar, allowing the 9th Indian Brigade to occupy the town. [PAR] [PAR] Agordat in Eritrea falls to the 5th Indian Division after 2 days of fighting. [PAR] 02/02/1941 [PAR] 5th Indian Division captures Barentu, forcing the Italians to withdraw towards the mountain fortress at Keren. [PAR] 03/02/1941 [PAR] The British 'Northern Force' bumps into the Italian defences at Keren, but fail to crack them open. General Platt decides he must build up his forces for a major assault. [PAR] 04/02/1941 [PAR] RAF reconnaissance planes report that the Italians are beginning to evacuate Benghazi in a withdrawal towards El Agheila. The 7th Armoured Division is given immediate instructions to advance from Mechili across the desert in order to cut off the Italians escape route. [PAR] 05/02/1941 [PAR] An advanced column of armoured cars from the 7th Armoured Division intercept the Italian retreat about 70 miles south of Benghazi. [PAR] 06/02/1941 [PAR] Australian forces capture Benghazi along with six senior Italian Generals. Italian forces make repeated attempts to break through the weak British blocking forces at Beda"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Everly Brothers' 20 Biggest Hot 100 Hits | Billboard The Everly Brothers' 20 Biggest Hot 100 Hits | Billboard [PAR] The Everly Brothers' 20 Biggest Hot 100 Hits [PAR] (Photo: Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images) [PAR] The Everly Brothers perform at the Ed Sullivan Theater, June 30, 1957 [PAR] In honor of the Everly Brothers, following the passing yesterday (Jan. 3) of Phil Everly , Billboard has ranked the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame duo's 20 biggest Billboard Hot 100 chart hits. [PAR] PHOTOS: The Everly Brothers [PAR] The Everly Brothers charted 31 singles on the Hot 100, including 12 top 10 hits, from the tally's 1958 inception through 1984. This past summer, Billboard ranked the pair as the No. 66 biggest act in the Hot 100's 55-year history. The Everly Brothers are the chart's third-biggest duo ever, following Daryl Hall & John Oates and the Carpenters. [PAR] [PAR] The Everlys' influence, meanwhile, has been incredibly wide-ranging. Just last month, Green Day's Billie Joe Armstrong and Norah Jones teamed up for an Everly Brothers tribute album, \"Foreverly,\" which bowed on the Billboard 200 chart at No. 40. \"The Everly Brothers go way back far as I can remember hearing music,\" Armstrong tweeted early this morning. \"Those harmonies live on forever. We're gonna miss you Phil. Gratitude.\" [PAR] [PAR] Here are the Everly Brothers' 20 biggest Billboard Hot 100 hits. (Note that because their career predates the Hot 100's 1958 launch, some of their best-known earlier hits aren't on the list, including 1957's \"Bye Bye Love\" and \"Wake Up Little Susie\" and 1958's \"All I Have to Do Is Dream.\") [PAR] Photos: Gone But Not Forgotten - Music Stars We Lost in 2013 [PAR] The Everly Brothers' 20 Biggest Hot 100 Hits chart is based on actual performance on the weekly Billboard Hot 100. Songs are ranked using an inverse point system, with weeks at No. 1 earning the greatest value and weeks at No. 100 earning the least. [PAR] 1 [PAR] \"Cathy's Clown\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 1 (five weeks), Year: 1960 [PAR] 2 [PAR] \"Bird Dog\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 2, Year: 1958 [PAR] 3 [PAR] \"('Til) I Kissed You\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 4, Year: 1959 [PAR] 4 [PAR] \"Problems\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 2, Year: 1958 [PAR] 5 [PAR] \"Crying in the Rain\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 6, Year: 1962 [PAR] 6 [PAR] \"So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad)\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 7, Year: 1960 [PAR] 7 [PAR] \"Let It Be Me\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 7, Year: 1960 [PAR] 8 [PAR] \"Walk Right Back\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 7, Year: 1961 [PAR] 9 [PAR] \"Ebony Eyes\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 8, Year: 1961 [PAR] 10 [PAR] \"When Will I Be Loved\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 8, Year: 1960 [PAR] 12 [PAR] \"That's Old Fashioned (That's the Way Love Should Be)\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 9, Year: 1962 [PAR] 13 [PAR] \"Take A Message To Mary\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 16, year: 1959 [PAR] 14 [PAR] \"Lucille\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 21, Year: 1960 [PAR] 15 [PAR] \"Poor Jenny\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 22, Year: 1959 [PAR] 16 [PAR] \"Don't Blame Me\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 20, Year: 1961 [PAR] 17 [PAR] \"Like Strangers\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 22, Year: 1960 [PAR] 18 [PAR] \"Gone, Gone, Gone\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 31, Year: 1964 [PAR] 19 [PAR] \"Temptation\" Hot 100 Peak: No. 27, Year: 1961 [PAR] 20[DOC] [TLE] Everly Brothers- \"All I Have To Do Is Dream/Cathy's Clown ... Everly Brothers- \"All I Have To Do Is Dream/Cathy's Clown\" 1960 (Reelin'"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Ridge Mountains - Peakbagger.com Blue Ridge Mountains - Peakbagger.com [PAR] Peakbagger.com [PAR] Mountain range with well-recognized name [PAR] Highest Point [PAR] United States [PAR] States/Provinces [PAR] Virginia (33%), North Carolina (25%), Tennessee (12%), Georgia (10%), Maryland (9%), Pennsylvania (6%), South Carolina (3%), West Virginia (1%) [PAR] (numbers are approximate percentage of range area) [PAR] Area [PAR] 34,563 sq mi / 89,517 sq km [PAR] Area may include lowland areas [PAR] Extent [PAR] 418 mi / 672 km North-South [PAR] 482 mi / 775 km East-West [PAR] Center Lat/Long [PAR] 37\u00b0 15' N; 79\u00b0 35' W [PAR] Map Link [PAR] Yahoo Search [PAR] The Blue Ridge is the extremely long mountain crest that runs from just north of the Potomac River on the Virginia-Maryland border south all the way to northern Georgia. The Blue Ridge Mountain Complex can be thought of as the Blue Ridge, with two main additions: its low continuations north of the Potomac into Maryland and Pennsylvania, and, more importantly, the whole series of high mountains centered on western North Carolina and extending west into Tennessee and south into Georgia. These high ranges include the Great Smokies and many others, and contain all of the 6000 foot peaks in the Appalachians except New Hampshire's Mt. Washington. [PAR] The entire huge complex of the Blue Ridge Mountains has clear natural boundaries. On the east, the mountains rise up distinctly from the flatter, rolling hills of the Piedmont. On the west, the Blue Ridge drops to the extraordinary Appalachian Valley, a continuous trough running from Alabama to Montreal. [PAR] The Blue Ridge and its associated ranges are almost entirely thickly forested, gentle, rounded mountains. Way too far south to even approach having a timberline, even the summits of Mt. Mitchell (6684') and Clingmans Dome (6636') are in the middle of deep forest and would have no views whatsoever if lookout towers hadn't been built. No other large mountain range in the country has as many good, paved roads meandering through the high country and up to important summits. And pointed, craggy summits as rare in the Blue Ridge as low, rounded ones are in the Tetons. [PAR] However, as with any huge area, generalizations are never totally true. There may not be any timberline, but the summits of many \"Balds\" in the Blue Ridge area are open meadows with often fine views. There are pockets of rugged, challenging terrain, and even a few peaks with rocky ledges at the summits that poke above the trees and provide spectacular mountain settings--Old Rag-3268 in Virginia and Grandfather Mountain-5984 in North Carolina come to mind. [PAR] The lack of challenging monster mountains isn't necessarily a drawback, either. The many high roads in this area, plus the gentle slopes and often short walks to summits from high trailheads, make the Blue Ridge an excellent place for mountain explorers who don't go for backpacking, rugged scrambling, or rock-climbing. A family or retired couple in their car doing easy dayhikes can spend huge amounts of time in the highest country in the east without ever getting a mile away from a car. Also, mountains need not present sheer, craggy faces to impress; the Blue Ridge charms with its endless waves of green hillsides, its incredibly diverse flora and fauna in its damp forests, its haunting blue morning mists (which gave the Blue Ridge and the Great Smokies their names), and the fascinating Appalachian culture of the long-time residents. Some of the mountain folk, isolated in their deep mountain hollows, speak English so similar to the Elizabethan dialect of the 1600s that it has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alan Alda - Biography - IMDb Alan Alda - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Alan Alda [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 87 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (63) | Personal Quotes (13) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Alan Alda was born on January 28, 1936 in The Bronx, New York City, New York, USA as Alphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo. He is known for his work on M*A*S*H (1972), The Aviator (2004) and What Women Want (2000). He has been married to Arlene Alda since March 15, 1957. They have three children. [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 15 March 1957 - present) (3 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (5) [PAR] Often plays ambitious authority figures that are corrupt and unethical [PAR] New York Accent [PAR] His films often reflect his liberal political views [PAR] The role of Captain Benjamin Franklin \"Hawkeye\" Pierce on M*A*S*H (1972). [PAR] Thick, nasally voice. [PAR] Trivia (63) [PAR] He did not sign on to play Hawkeye Pierce on M*A*S*H (1972) until 6 hours before filming began on the pilot episode. [PAR] He commuted from his home in New Jersey to LA every weekend for 11 years while starring in M*A*S*H (1972). His wife and daughters lived in NJ, and he did not want to uproot the family to LA, especially because he did not know how long the show would last. [PAR] Son of Robert Alda and Joan Brown, a former Miss New York pageant winner. [PAR] He, father Robert Alda and half-brother Antony Alda appeared together in an episode of M*A*S*H (1972), \"Lend a Hand\", during Season 8. Robert had previously appeared in \"The Consultant\" in Season 3. [PAR] Alda almost turned down the role of Hawkeye Pierce on M*A*S*H (1972) because he did not want war to be a \"backdrop for lighthearted hijinks... \"I wanted to show that the war was a bad place to be.\". [PAR] Suffered from a severe case of polio as a young child. At its worst point he was only able to move his left arm. He received treatment originally developed by Australian polio expert, nurse Sister Kenny , subject of the movie Sister Kenny (1946). [PAR] Alan and his wife Arlene Alda have three daughters: Eve (born on December 12, 1958), Elizabeth Alda (born on August 20, 1960) and Beatrice Alda (born on August 10, 1961). [PAR] 1975 People's Choice Award: Favourite Male TV-Performer [PAR] Studied at Fordham University in New York [PAR] Earned a reported $200,000 a week for M*A*S*H (1972) in 1980. [PAR] \"If you work very, very hard, this is the kind of actor, writer, and director you may turn out to be. And if you work extra hard, this is the kind of person you may turn out to be.\" - James Lipton , to students at New School University, where Alda gave an interview. [PAR] To show the horrors of war in a television sit-com, Alda had it written into his contract that one scene of every episode must take place in the operating room while surgery occured. [PAR] Is the first person ever to win Emmys for acting, writing, and directing. (He accomplished wins in all three categories for his work on M*A*S*H (1972) before the ending of the series). [PAR] Studied at the Sorbonne during his junior year of college. [PAR] Served in the U. S. Army, and he went AWOL every weekend because he was dating the woman that he ultimately married, Arlene Alda . [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Edison - Wikiquote Thomas Edison - Wikiquote [PAR] Thomas Edison [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Genius is one percent inspiration , ninety nine percent perspiration. [PAR] Thomas Alva Edison ( 11 February 1847 \u2013 18 October 1931 ) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life worldwide into the twenty-first century. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Quotes[ edit ] [PAR] Everything comes to him who hustles while he waits. [PAR] Many of life's failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up [PAR] I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power ! [PAR] Discontent is the first necessity of progress. Show me a thoroughly satisfied man and I'll show you a failure. [PAR] Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work. [PAR] I find out what the world needs. Then, I go ahead and invent it. [PAR] We don't know a millionth of one percent about anything. [PAR] Hell, there are no rules here \u2014 we're trying to accomplish something. [PAR] Just because something doesn't do what you planned it to do doesn't mean it's useless. [PAR] To Monsieur Eiffel the Engineer, the brave builder of so gigantic and original a specimen of modern Engineering from one who has the greatest respect and admiration for all Engineers including the Great Engineer the Bon Dieu. [PAR] When Thomas Edison visited The Eiffel Tower, he signed the guestbook with this message, as quoted in The Tallest Tower by Joseph Harris, p. 95. [PAR] Many of life's failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. [PAR] This is presented as a statement of 1877, as quoted in From Telegraph to Light Bulb with Thomas Edison (2007) by Deborah Headstrom-Page, p. 22. [PAR] During all those years of experimentation and research, I never once made a discovery. All my work was deductive, and the results I achieved were those of invention, pure and simple. I would construct a theory and work on its lines until I found it was untenable. Then it would be discarded at once and another theory evolved. This was the only possible way for me to work out the problem. \u2026 I speak without exaggeration when I say that I have constructed 3,000 different theories in connection with the electric light, each one of them reasonable and apparently likely to be true. Yet only in two cases did my experiments prove the truth of my theory. My chief difficulty was in constructing the carbon filament. . . . Every quarter of the globe was ransacked by my agents, and all sorts of the queerest materials used, until finally the shred of bamboo, now utilized by us, was settled upon. [PAR] On his years of research in developing the electric light bulb, as quoted in \"Talks with Edison\" by [[w:George Parsons Lathrop|George Parsons Lathrop] in Harper's magazine, Vol. 80 (February 1890), p. 425. [PAR] The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will instruct his patient in the care of the human frame, in diet and in the cause and prevention of disease. [PAR] This has been reprinted many times with slight variations on the wording; it is part of a much larger quote directly from Edison published in 1903: [PAR] Nineteen hundred and three will bring great advances in surgery, in the study of bacteria, in the knowledge of the cause and prevention of disease. Medicine is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chinook turns 50, looks toward future | Article | The ... Chinook turns 50, looks toward future | Article | The United States Army [PAR] Chinook turns 50, looks toward future [PAR] By Program Executive Office, AviationSeptember 21, 2011 [PAR] Share via Email [PAR] 1 / 4 Show Caption + Hide Caption \u2013 This stock photo shows the CH-47F model, the Chinook helicopter currently being manufactured for the U.S. Army. The newest Chinook model, incorporates key reliability and maintainability improvement modifications, such as a new machined airframe, vibration reduction, digital source collectors, T55-GA-714A engine, Common Avionics Architecture System, enhanced air transportability, Digital Automatic Flight Control System, and is compatible with joint digital connectivity requirements. (Photo Credit: Courtesy photo) VIEW ORIGINAL [PAR] 2 / 4 Show Caption + Hide Caption \u2013 This stock photo shows the CH-47A model, the first Chinook helicopter manufactured in 1961. The Chinook took flight for the first time on Sept. 21, 1961, and the U.S. Army took delivery of the aircraft in August 1962. The aircraft has been used heavily since the Vietnam War for military and humanitarian missions as a cargo and personnel transporter. (Photo Credit: Courtesy photo) VIEW ORIGINAL [PAR] 3 / 4 Show Caption + Hide Caption \u2013 The party cuts the ribbon on the new H-47 Chinook factory in Ridley Park, Pa., on the 50th anniversary of the first Chinook helicopter flight Sept. 21, 2011. From left to right: Col. Patrick Tierney, director of Army Aviation G3 , Maj. Gen. Anthony Crutchfield, commanding general, U.S. Army Aviation Center of Excellence, Jean Chamberlin, vice president and general manager, Mobility, Boeing Military Aircraft, Col. Bob Marion, project manager cargo helicopter, Maj. Gen. William \"Tim\" Crosby, program executive officer, aviation, Leanne Caret, vice president H-47 Programs, Systems, Boeing Military Aircraft, U.S. Navy Capt. Steven Labows, Defense Contract Management Agency Philadelphia, Col. Patrick Mason, Technology Applications Program, office project manager. (Photo Credit: Sarah M. Rivette) VIEW ORIGINAL [PAR] 4 / 4 Show Caption + Hide Caption \u2013 Inside the Boeing H-47 Factory in Ridley Park, Pa. The new factory is expected to delivery six new CH-47F Chinook helicopters per month by 2013. The CH-47 Chinook is the U.S. Army's only heavy lift helicopter and continues to be vital to Overseas Contingency Operations and our nation's Homeland Security needs. (Photo Credit: Sarah M. Rivette) VIEW ORIGINAL [PAR] PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Sept. 21, 2011 -- For most individuals, change can be harder with age. Not for the CH-47 Chinook Helicopter -- an aircraft originally designed and built to haul missiles that the U.S. Army no longer uses. [PAR] \"To see the improvements and what we've done with this aircraft through the years gives me a lot of pride,\" said Maj. Gen. William \"Tim\" Crosby, program executive officer for Aviation. \"That aircraft was designed to haul something we don't even have anymore, but it is still so valid. It is so versatile at all altitudes, with internal and external loads. It's an outstanding capability.\" [PAR] The cargo aircraft celebrated its 50th year of flight with the U.S. Army Sept. 21 during the opening ceremony of a renovated Boeing Company CH-47 Chinook factory in Ridley Park, Pa. Crosby has flown every model of the CH-47 Chinook and has experienced firsthand the advancements and improvements made to the aircraft. [PAR] But those improvements are far from over. The Army has been working with Boeing to modernize the floor for on-load and off-load capability and to add ballistic protection, said Col. Bob Marion, project manager for cargo helicopters. [PAR] \"We owe it to the people who went before us, the people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Us | Oceana Sign up today to get weekly updates and alerts from Oceana. [PAR] About Us [PAR] Oceana was established in 2001 by a group of leading foundations \u2014 The Pew Charitable Trusts, Oak Foundation, Marisla Foundation (formerly Homeland Foundation), and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. [PAR] In 1999, these foundations commissioned a study and discovered that less than 0.5 percent of all resources spent by environmental nonprofit groups in the United States went to ocean advocacy \u2014 an appalling statistic. No organization was working exclusively to protect and restore the oceans on a global scale. [PAR] To fill the gap, our founders created Oceana: an international organization focused solely on oceans, dedicated to achieving measurable change by conducting specific, science-based campaigns with fixed deadlines and articulated goals. [PAR] The Ocean Law Project \u2014 also initiated by The Pew Charitable Trusts \u2014 was absorbed into Oceana in 2001 as Oceana\u2019s legal arm. In 2002, Oceana merged with American Oceans Campaign, founded by actor and environmentalist Ted Danson, to more effectively address our common mission of protecting and restoring the world\u2019s oceans.[DOC] [TLE] Oceana: Celebrity Supporters - Look to the Stars Oceana: Celebrity Supporters - Look to the Stars [PAR] Look to the Stars [PAR] Share on Pinterest [PAR] Protecting the world\u2019s oceans. [PAR] Oceana campaigns to protect and restore the world\u2019s oceans. Its teams of marine scientists, economists, lawyers and advocates win specific and concrete policy changes to reduce pollution and to prevent the irreversible collapse of fish populations, marine mammals and other sea life. Global in scope and dedicated to conservation, Oceana\u2019s campaigners are based in North America (Washington, DC; New York, NY; Boston, MA; St. Petersburg, FL; Juneau and Anchorage, AK; Monterey, CA; and Portland, OR), Europe (Madrid, Spain; Brussels, Belgium) and South America (Santiago, Chile). Recently, the US Government \u2014 after campaigning by Oceana \u2014 adopted the Oceana approach and closed 1.8 million square kilometers of Pacific ocean to destructive trawling, an area more than four times the size of California. Oceana was prominently featured in the 2008 Green Issue of Vanity Fair, and was also named last year by Kiplinger\u2019s Personal Finance magazine as a \u201ccharity that deserves your dollars.\u201d [PAR] In 2001, Oceana merged with the American Ocean\u2019s Campaign (AOC), which was founded in 1987 by Ted Danson . [PAR] Causes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonnie and Clyde Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Bonnie and Clyde Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 49 out of 66 people found the following review useful: [PAR] A masterpiece that dares to be excessive! [PAR] from Mexico [PAR] 8 February 2009 [PAR] 'Bonnie and Clyde' is not a film about two real people famous for so many bank robberies and murders across the big country... It shows a new kind of fury in which people could be harm by weapons... The film, however, manages to carry the impression that these two youngsters took great pleasure in robbing banks and stores... It also suggests that it was very easy for them to fool the law\u0097as certainly occurred in real life... Though merited punishment caught up with them, audiences laughed at their remarkable deeds and wanted them to get away... [PAR] In 'Bonnie and Clyde,' Penn created an emotional state, an image of the 1930s filtered through his 1960s sensibility... The sense of this period reflects Penn's vision of how the 1930s Depression-era truly was, and for all the crazy style and banjo score, this vision is greatly private... [PAR] What is also personal about 'Bonnie and Clyde' and constitutes its incomparable quality, is its unusual mixture of humor and fear, its poetry of violation of the law as something that is gaiety and playfulness... [PAR] 'Bonnie and Clyde' is both true and abstract... It is a gangster movie and a comedy-romance... It is an amusing film that turns bloody, a love affair that ends with tragedy... [PAR] A modification between pleasure and catastrophic events is important to the essential aim of the film... In their second bank robbery, a daring and joyful action goes morosely embittered when Clyde is forced to kill an executive in the bank, and real blood pours out from his body... [PAR] Bonnie and Clyde take self-gratification posing for photographs with their prisoners But when surrounded by detectives in a motel, they turn into vindictive bandits struggling for their lives... C. W. Moss, specially, brings to mind Baby Face Nelson, when he murders policemen with a blazing machine gun... [PAR] One of the stimulating moments in the film happens when Clyde chases Bonnie through a yellow corn field, while a cloud transverses the sun and slowly shadows the landscape... Here the characteristic quality of the Texas countryside and the vague aspect of the story are beautifully communicated...... [PAR] Penn's masterpiece nominated for ten Academy Awards, including Best Picture, won two Oscars, one for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and another for Best Cinematography... [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 83 out of 134 people found the following review useful: [PAR] The movie that made it okay to sympathize with murderers... [PAR] from Houston, TX [PAR] 30 October 2001 [PAR] First of all, let me say that I'm appalled by the real life Bonnie and Clyde. They were two psychopathic thrill killers from Dallas who had a special hatred for law enforcement officers. I must admit that I do feel sorry for the way they were killed, but like the old axiom goes, \"If you live by the sword, you die by the sword.\" [PAR] That said, the movie \"Bonnie and Clyde\" was a groundbreaking film. It was the first time that we the audience were allowed inside the killers minds, and could see what made them tick. This is perhaps the first film that takes a somewhat objective look at crime; we the audience don't have \"FBI Seal of Approval\" morality shoved down our throats, but we still"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Review of C.S. Forester's The African Queen - BrothersJudd.com Review of C.S. Forester's The African Queen - BrothersJudd.com [PAR] [Cecil Scott] [PAR] 1899-1966 [PAR] C. S. Forester is well remembered for his Horatio Hornblower series (see Orrin's review ), which has won renewed popularity with the excellent A & E movie versions and a coattail effect from the cult status of Patrick O'Brien's best-selling Aubrey and Maturin books. However, few today recall that he wrote the original novel upon which John Huston based the great Bogart and Hepburn film, The African Queen. The film then spawned both Peter Viertel's excellent roman-a-clef novel, White Hunter, Black Heart (1953) and the Clint Eastwood movie of the same name, and a Katherine Hepburn memoir about the making of the original movie. Not a bad track record. [PAR] The plot of the book will be familiar to anyone who's seen Huston's classic film; his adaptation is quite faithful. The setting is German Central Africa in 1914. At the outbreak of hostilities in Europe, the local German commander has rounded up the local natives, effectively closing the Christian mission run by the Reverend Samuel Sayer. This proves to be a fatal blow to the Reverend and his spinster sister, Rose Sayer, is left on her own. She hitches a ride down the Ulanga River with a little cockney river rat, Charlie Allnutt, aboard his rickety launch, the African Queen. [PAR] Rose, who had spent her whole life deferring to her pious brother, finds her sudden freedom to be quite exhilarating. Despite Charlie's feeble protestations, she determines to revenge Samuel by crashing the explosives laden Queen into the German police steamer, Konigin Luise, which is the only ship of any size in the region and so completely dominates Lake Wittelsbach, making British invasion extremely difficult. Meanwhile, just getting the Queen downstream to the Lake requires them to face the guns of a local fort, treacherous currents, raging rapids, voracious insects, unfriendly hippopotami, leeches, malaria, near impenetrable vegetation, and a host of mechanical problems. [PAR] United in common cause, these two very different characters go from low level hostility to grudging mutual dependence to helpless love. Perhaps the best aspect of the book, the one that really differentiates it from the movie, is Forester's brutal honesty about the quality of their romance. Rose is quite inured to the service of deeply flawed men like her brother and father : [PAR] So Rose did not look for perfection in the man she loved. She took it for granted that she would [PAR] not respect him. He would not be so dear to her if she did. If, as to her certain knowledge he did, [PAR] he got drunk, and was not enamored of a prospect of personal danger, that was only on a par with [PAR] her father's dyspeptic malignity, or Uncle Albert's habit of betting, or Samuel's fits of cold [PAR] ill-temper. It was not a question of knowing all and forgiving all, but of knowing all except that [PAR] she was entitled to forgive. And these very frailties of his made an insidious appeal to the maternal [PAR] part of her, and so did his corporal frailty, and the hard luck he had always experienced. She [PAR] yearned for him in a way that differed from and reinforced the clamourings of her emancipated [PAR] body. [PAR] Nor does Charlie think he's stumbled into one of history's great romances : [PAR] Allnutt was very happy too. Whatever he might do in the heat of passion, his need was just as [PAR] much for a mother"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Everyday People | Stanford's only Hip-Hop, R&B, Motown and ... Everyday People | Stanford's only Hip-Hop, R&B, Motown and Soul A Cappella Group [PAR] Stanford's only Hip-Hop, R&B, Motown and Soul A Cappella Group [PAR] Search [PAR] ABOUT [PAR] We are everyday men and women. We do cool songs. We dress in black. We jam. [PAR] In October of 1987, Stanford University juniors Larry Shorter and Tony Stovall shared a love of fun and uplifting music and performance a cappella, but felt as if they didn\u2019t see their style represented in the Stanford music scene. As a tribute to Sly and the Family Stone\u2019s vision of inclusiveness and acceptance of all races, genders, and creeds, Shorter and Stovall formed Everyday People, based on the group\u2019s 1967 hit of the same title, and thus brought together what one journalist calls one of the only \u201ctruly integrated\u201d collegiate a cappella groups in the nation. In the spirit of Sly Stone\u2019s ambition to demolish racial lines and use music as a tool to bring people together, Everyday People (EP) continues this tradition today and aims to reach a broad audience with this message. [PAR] In addition to releasing seven studio albums that have received numerous awards, EP is passionate about sharing music with the greater community. We believe that by engaging the community through service our experience is enriched as group members, and we hope, through music, we can affect others in a positive way. We bring our music to local elementary schools, such as Ohlone Elementary School in Palo Alto and Easterbrook Discovery School in San Jose. During our 2011 Winter Tour, we performed for patients and staff at the Mattel Children\u2019s hospital in Los Angeles. [PAR] EP is an entirely student-run organization: the arrangements in our repertoire have all been arranged and transcribed by our own members, past and present. We take pride in our practice of relying on the group\u2019s remarkable talent to not only sustain the group, but also to make EP the nationally-recognized group it is today."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Perspectives on Innovation - Sikorsky Aircraft Sikorsky \u00b7 Lockheed Martin [PAR] [PAR] AAG [PAR] AAG delivers a broad range of aviation solutions to New York (NYC) and the Northeast, from private helicopter charter to fractional shares, aircraft management, and maintenance. [PAR] Visit AAG [PAR] [PAR] Composite Technology Inc. [PAR] CTI is the only worldwide certified Blade Repair Center of Excellence. They currently average delivery of more than 1,500 refurbished rotor blades per year. [PAR] Visit Composite Technology, Inc. [PAR] [PAR] Derco Aerospace [PAR] Derco Aerospace provides logistics and technical support for fixed-wing aircraft, offering a suite of fleet management solutions, spares distribution, logistics solutions, repair and overhaul services. [PAR] Visit Derco Aerospace [PAR] Helitech [PAR] Heitech offers support for Sikorsky and other manufacturers of rotary wing aircraft throughout the Pacific and South East Asian regions. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] LifePort/Enflite [PAR] LifePort, Inc.\u2122 (LifePort) supports military and commercial customers by designing, manufacturing and certifying customized interior solutions for fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. [PAR] Visit LifePort/Enflite [PAR] [PAR] PZL [PAR] The largest Polish manufacturer of aircraft, currently expanding its production profile to include aero structures and helicopters."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dallas TV series episode guide Dallas TV series episode guide [PAR] Past feuds are rekindled at the Ewing barbeque with tragic results. [PAR] Original airdate 30-Apr-1978 [PAR] Barbecue [PAR] Bobby returns from his morning exercise to see the caterers setting up for the annual Ewing Barbecue. He finds Jock talking with the head caterer, Sam. Bobby tells him that Digger Barnes is coming. Jock objects. Bob says that now is a good time to bury the hatchet, and then he runs off. [PAR] Meanwhile, Pam is dressing up Digger for the big day. Cliff and her cousin Jimmy are also there. She orders them to become hayseeds. Digger says to go on ahead, but Pam says no. Cliff asks his daddy why he is going. Digger agrees that he hates Jock Ewing. According to Digger, he was the nose and Jock the brains of their wildcatting group. However, Jock stole his fortune and his love, Miss Ellie. He says he is only going because Pam asked him to. He smiles at his daughter. Pam leaves, but before she does, she tells them to be at Southfork in two hours. [PAR] Pam returns home. Lucy asks about Jimmy. Pam says that she is too young. Lucy says that he is only 19. They greet J.R. on his way out. [PAR] Pam returns to her and Bobby's room. Bob is taking a shower. She takes the time to call her doctor. He tells her that the tests were positive. She is pregnant. She is ecstatic now. She tells Bobby to hurry up. She takes off her dress and primps in front of the mirror, looking for a bulge. Bobby appears. He asks about Digger. Pam says that he is fine, and that she has a riddle for him. [PAR] \"What do you get when you cross a Barnes and a Ewing?\" [PAR] \"You never cross a Ewing.\" [PAR] \"A boy or a girl.\" [PAR] Bobby looks in wonder for 15 seconds. After that time, they start celebrating. [PAR] The Ewing Barbecue begins. Sue Ellen walks around with a senator. Ray comes with Maureen. Bobby comes out with Pam. Bobby leaves and tells some people that Pam is pregnant. They congratulate her, and Lucy overhears. J.R. introduces her to Susan, a new secretary. When J.R. leaves, she laughs at the new office help. [PAR] Sam is surprised at the amount of alcohol being consumed. Ellie tells him to keep the booze flowing. Digger and Jimmy arrive. Ellie greets them, calling Digger by his real name, Willard. Ellie takes Digger around to talk, while Jimmy looks for something to do. Pam finds him and offers to introduce him to people. Sam asks for a word with Bobby; he suggests that Bobby tells the future grandparents the good news first before the Barbecue's worst kept secret gets to them. Lucy watches with envy while Ray dances with Maureen. Lucy asks him to come over, then tells him about Pam's baby. He is not happy. He asks Maureen to get a drink while he broods. [PAR] Sam and Kelly, the caterer second-in-command, gossip about Jock and Digger. They Spy Jock sitting alone, smoking and drinking. He gets up and tells Kelly that Digger's claim that he had swindled him is bullshit. Bob finds Jock and asks to see him. He and Pam have some very important news for Jock and Ellie. [PAR] Ellie talks about 1930. She says that she married Jock to save the ranch. She did what she had to do. He tells her to stop calling him Willard because no one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Power and the Glory: Plot Overview SparkNotes: The Power and the Glory: Plot Overview [PAR] The Power and the Glory [PAR] Graham Greene [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] At the beginning of the novel, the priest is waiting for a boat that will take him out of the capital city. He is on the run from the police because religion has been outlawed in his state and he is the last remaining clergyman. While talking to a man named Mr. Tench, he is summoned to a dying woman's house and misses his boat. He hides out in a barn on the estate of a plantation owner, befriending the owner's daughter. Forced to move on, he heads to a village in which he used to live and work as pastor. There he meets Maria, a woman with whom he has had a brief affair, and Brigida, his illegitimate daughter. He spends the night in the town and wakes before dawn to say mass for the villagers. The lieutenant\u2014a sworn enemy of all r eligion\u2014arrives at the end of mass, leading a group of policemen in search of the priest, and the priest goes out to the town square to face his enemy. No one in the village turns him in, however, and the lieutenant does not realize that he has foun d the man he is looking for. Instead, the lieutenant takes a hostage, whom he says he will execute if he finds that the villagers have been lying to him about the whereabouts of the wanted man. [PAR] The priest heads to the town of Carmen, and on the way he meets a man known simply as the mestizo. Uninvited, the mestizo accompanies the priest on his journey, and it very soon becomes clear that he is an untrustworthy figure, and most likely interes ted in following the priest so that he can turn him in and collect the reward money. The priest finally admits that he is, indeed, a priest. But the mestizo, who has become feverish by the second day of their journey together, does not have the strength t o follow the priest when he veers off course. The priest knows that if he enters Carmen he will surely be captured, and he lets the mestizo ride on towards the town by himself. [PAR] The priest then backtracks to the capital city. He is in disguise, wearing a drill suit, and he tries to procure a bottle of wine so he can say mass. He meets a beggar who takes him to a hotel and introduces him to a man who says he can supply him with th e wine. The man arrives and sells the priest a bottle of wine and a bottle of brandy. But, taking advantage of the priest's offer to share a drink with him, the man proceeds to drink the entire bottle of wine, thwarting the priest's plan. The priest then leaves the hotel but is caught with the bottle of brandy by a state official. After a lengthy chase through the streets of the town, during which the priest unsuccessfully attempts to take refuge at the house of Padre Jose, he is caught and taken to j ail. In jail he speaks with the prisoners, admitting to them that he is a priest. A pious woman, in jail for having religious articles in her home, argues with the priest. The next day, the priest is ordered to clean out the cells and, while doing so, meets the mestizo again. But the mestizo decides not to turn"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Europe | Who were the Baader-Meinhof gang? BBC NEWS | Europe | Who were the Baader-Meinhof gang? [PAR] Printable version [PAR] Who were the Baader-Meinhof gang? [PAR] As a German court orders the release of one of the last members of the Baader-Meinhof gang remaining behind bars, Clare Murphy recalls the long terror campaign waged by the country's most notorious urban guerrilla group. [PAR] Schleyer was held for more than a month before being killed [PAR] On 5 September, 1977, a woman with a pushchair stepped out in front of a car on a street in Cologne. [PAR] The driver, who was chauffeuring one of West Germany's most powerful industrialists, was forced to brake. [PAR] The woman pulled out two machine guns, and her accomplices, following behind, bundled Hanns Martin Schleyer out of the car. His bodyguards were killed at the scene and one month later, his body was found in the boot of a car. [PAR] Schleyer is one name on a list of more than 30 people killed by the Baader-Meinhof gang - or Red Army Faction as it later became known - during a campaign against members of the German elite and US military personnel which started in the late 1960s. [PAR] Born from the radical student movement of that period, the RAF comprised mainly middle-class youngsters who saw themselves as fighting a West German capitalist establishment which they apparently believed was little more than a reincarnation of the Third Reich. [PAR] At the height of its popularity, around a quarter of young West Germans expressed some sympathy for the group. Many condemned their tactics but understood their disgust with the new order, particularly one where former Nazis enjoyed prominent roles. [PAR] Their critics meanwhile denounced them as murderous nihilists - desperate for a cause but with no real political goals. [PAR] Library plot [PAR] It was the 1967 killing by police of a young activist during a demonstration in Berlin against a visit by the Shah of Iran that apparently persuaded Andreas Baader that the post-war authorities were little better than that which they had replaced. [PAR] Baader began his campaign with the bombing of a Frankfurt store [PAR] Vowing to mount a violent campaign, he started off in 1968 by detonating home-made bombs in two Frankfurt department stores. [PAR] Arrested and imprisoned, he escaped in 1970 during a library visit with the help of a left-wing campaigning journalist - Ulrike Meinhof - and the Baader-Meinhof gang was firmly established in the public mind. [PAR] Horst Mahler - a socialist lawyer who is now a key figure within the German neo-Nazi movement - was by this stage also heavily involved with the fledgling organisation. [PAR] In 1970, several members of the group headed off to Jordan where they were taught how to use a Kalashnikov at a camp run by the Palestinian Liberation Organisation. [PAR] They spent the next two years robbing banks and bombing buildings back in Germany. [PAR] Baader was then captured with accomplices Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins in a Frankfurt shootout on 1 June, 1972. [PAR] Baader's girlfriend Gudrun Ensslin was arrested a week later, and Meinhof was caught in mid-June. [PAR] Bloody spell [PAR] A second generation of militants then took up the fight, carrying out some of the bloodiest and most high-profile attacks in order to secure the release of their heroes, whose trial - the longest and most expensive in West German history - opened in 1975. [PAR] That same year the German Embassy in Sweden was seized; two of the hostages, both attach\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Barbershop? - Red Rose Chorus What is Barbershop? [PAR] \u00a9 Preston Barbershop Harmony Singers Red Rose Chorus 2016 [PAR] What is Barbershop? [PAR] There are several types of harmony singing. Barbershop is one of the more complex because it has four different voices, each with its own role. [PAR] Many people are familiar with the traditional Barbershop Quartets, who often dressed in striped blazers and straw hats. Four is the minimum number of members but a group can be much larger with varying numbers of singers for each of the voices. [PAR] The lead sings the melody [PAR] The tenor harmonises above the melody [PAR] The bass sings the lowest harmonising notes [PAR] The baritone completes the chord, usually below the lead [PAR] The melody is not usually sung by the tenor or bass. [PAR] The voice parts do not correspond closely to voice parts of the same name in classical music. Women\u2019s groups use the same terminology as men\u2019s. [PAR] The thing that makes Barbershop different from other harmony singing is the ringing chord. This is a special acoustical effect which is known by several different names including the overtone, expanded sound, angel's voice, fifth voice, and barbershop seventh. This is a way of combining the parts so that there appear to be more voices than there really are. [PAR] There are several Wikipedia entries with more detailed information about Barbershop Music, Barbershop Arranging, Vocal Harmony, Close Harmony, A cappella. [PAR] For the technically- [PAR] minded, these websites make much reference to the dominant seventh, which is another name for the barbershop seventh. Some arrangers believe that about half of each song should contain dominant seventh chords in order to give the Barbershop sound.[DOC] [TLE] Singers.com - Female Barbershop Groups Singers.com - Female Barbershop Groups [PAR] Home | Doo Wop | Barbershop | World | Contemporary | Christian | Vocal Jazz | Choral | Christmas | Instructional | Arrangements [PAR] Female Barbershop Groups [PAR] There's something special about the sound of ladies voices raised in harmony and the fun can be infectious. These ladies know how to have fun as witnessed at the annual Sweet Adeline conventions where the joy of singing, performing, and being with friends is everywhere. These choruses are often looking for new member so why don't you join the fun! [PAR] Displaying 1 - 46 of 46 items. [PAR] 4-Star Collection [PAR] 4-Star Collection has been thrilling audiences throughout the country since 1987 with their warm rich sound. This entertaining group not only exemplifies the finest classic interpretation of the barbershop style, but also treats their audiences to a wide variety of traditional popular and secular a cappella tunes. 4-Star reached the zenith of their barbershop quartet experience when they \"captured the gold\" in October, 1998 at the Sweet Adelines International Quartet Competition in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. 4-Star's extensive national travel schedule now includes international ports, as they performed during a 12-day tour in Ireland, in March of 1999. Plans are in the works for future trips abroad as well. [PAR] A Cappella Gold [PAR] Together we found so much in common, our love of music, singing and especially the barbershop sound. We all started singing as tiny tots and each have had a mother and/or grandmother as our musical mentor. Encouraged by our families to sing and play instruments, some of us, namely Kim and Tomi, were coerced into attending a Sweet Adelines event. It wasn't long before Kim found herself singing in a quartet, The Sugar Sounds, with her Mom and two close friends. It was only the beginning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diana Ross Milestones Diana Ross Milestones [PAR] Frontier Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada: Last performance of Diana Ross & The Supremes. [PAR] Apr. 6 [PAR] Reach Out And Touch (Somebody's Hand) - Diana's first solo single is released. [PAR] June 19 [PAR] Diana Ross - Diana's first solo album is released. [PAR] Sep. 19 [PAR] Ain't No Mountain High Enough (single) tops the US charts for three weeks. [PAR] 1971 [PAR] Diana marries Robert Ellis Silberstein [PAR] Apr. 18 [PAR] Diana! First solo TV Special premieres on ABC. [PAR] Aug. 14 [PAR] Rhonda Suzanne, Diana's first child, is born. [PAR] Aug. 21 [PAR] I'm Still Waiting becomes Diana's first (solo) UK Number One (for four weeks). [PAR] Dec. [PAR] Diana is voted Number One Female Vocalist by Billboard, Entertainer of the Year by the NAACP, and Honorary Chairman of the Image Awards Presentation, and Best TV Special of the Year is awarded for Diana! [PAR] 1972 [PAR] Lady Sings The Blues. World premiere of Diana's first motion picture. [PAR] Oct. 29 [PAR] Tracee Joy, Diana's second child, is born. [PAR] 1973 [PAR] Receives a Golden Globe Award as Best Newcomer. [PAR] Mar. 18 [PAR] Your Choice for the Oscars, a public-opinion-poll TV show, chooses Diana for Best Actress for Lady Sings The Blues. [PAR] Mar. 27 [PAR] Diana attends the Academy Awards ceremony. She is nominated for an Oscar for Best Actress for Lady Sings The Blues. Sadly, she loses the award to Liza Minnelli. [PAR] April 7 [PAR] Lady Sing The Blues is on top of the Billboard Album Chart for two weeks. [PAR] Aug. 18 [PAR] Touch Me In The Morning becomes Diana's second US No. 1 single. [PAR] Other awards 1973 includes Cue magazine's Entertainer of the Year Award. Lady Sings The Blues received three NAACP Image Awards. [PAR] The final performance by Diana Ross & The Supremes... [PAR] Diana Ross, Diana's first solo album [PAR] A scene from Diana!, her first own TV show [PAR] As Billie Holiday in Lady Sings The Blues [PAR] At the Academy Awards ceremony[DOC] [TLE] Spectacular 1970 Diana Ross Solo Debut Album, Including ... Spectacular 1970 Diana Ross Solo Debut Album, Including \u2019Ain\u2019t No Mountain High Enough,\u2019 Remastered [PAR] Spectacular 1970 Diana Ross Solo Debut Album, Including 'Ain't No Mountain High Enough,' Remastered and Reissued With Eight Bonus Tracks [PAR] Feb 15, 2002, 00:00 ET from Motown/UME [PAR] LOS ANGELES, Feb. 15 /PRNewswire/ -- Diana Ross' solo debut was one of the most anticipated musical events of 1970. Her departure from The Supremes had seemed inevitable from the day they were billed as Diana Ross & The Supremes and now her solo turn in the spotlight had arrived. With Diana Ross, an album many still consider her finest, the diva more than lived up to those lofty expectations. Now the original album is being reissued as part of the series, 'Motown Classic Albums - Remastered & Revisited.' Diana Ross (Motown/UME), released March 26, 2002, has also been expanded with eight bonus tracks -- four recorded for the album but shelved, one live selection never heard before anywhere and three alternate versions heard only on a premium LP and previously unreleased commercially. All of the selections have been digitally remastered. The package is also presented with the original provocative cover image by famed fashion photographer Harry Langdon and a rarely seen alternate shot, along with a new essay by David Nathan, author of the book The Soulful Divas. For her solo launch, Ross first worked with Johnny Bristol but \"Someday We'll Be Together\" instead turned out to be The Supremes' swan"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Honor Blackman - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Honor Blackman | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Last: [PAR] Goldfinger [PAR] Honor Blackman (born 22 August 1925) is an English actress who played Bond girl Pussy Galore in Goldfinger . Previously she played Cathy Gale on The Avengers [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Early life [PAR] Blackman was born in West Ham, London to a statistician father. She trained as an actress at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, after persuading her father that an appropriate birthday gift would be acting lessons. [PAR] Films [PAR] Blackman's films include: Quartet and So Long at the Fair with Dirk Bogarde, Life at the Top with Laurence Harvey, The Virgin and the Gypsy, Shalako with Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot and Something Big with Dean Martin. She played the role of Hera in Jason and the Argonauts (1963). She also did an overdub for an actress in the same film providing the voice for the character of Medea. More recently, she had small roles in the films Bridget Jones Diary and Hot Gold. [PAR] Theatre [PAR] She spent most of 1987 at the Fortune Theatre. From 2005 to 2006 she toured the country as Mrs Higgins in My Fair Lady. Her show Word Of Honor, premiered in October 2006. In April 2007 she took over the role of Fraulein Schneider from Olivier Award-winning actress Sheila Hancock, in Cabaret at the Lyric Theatre in London's West End. She left the show at the end of September 2007. [PAR] Television [PAR] In a 1965 episode of The Avengers, titled \"Too Many Christmas Trees\", John Steed received his Christmas cards, one of which was from Cathy. \"A card from Mrs Gale!\", Steed exclaims in delight. Then, reading the inscription, he says, in a puzzled voice, \"Whatever can she be doing at Fort Knox...?\". It was an inside joke, as Blackman was filming Goldfinger at the time. [PAR] In 1986, she played the role of Professor Lasky in the Doctor Who serial The Trial of a Time Lord. From 1990 to 1995 she appeared as Laura West on The Upper Hand. Blackman took a guest role on Midsomer Murders as ex-racing driver Isobel Hewitt in the episode A Talent for Life. She also, in September 2004, briefly joined the Coronation Street cast in a storyline about wife swapping. [PAR] In 2007, she participated in the BBC TV project The Verdict, as one of 12 well known figures forming a jury to hear a fictional rape case. The series was designed to explore the jury system. She was sworn in as a juror under the name 'Honor Kaufmann'. [PAR] Blackman was featured, alongside Chris Tarrant, in the show Lose A Million. [PAR] Singing [PAR] A song she recorded with Patrick Macnee during 1964, \"Kinky Boots\", was a surprise hit, peaking at #5, in 1990 after it was played incessantly by BBC Radio 1 breakfast show presenter Simon Mayo. After her appearance in Goldfinger, Blackman recorded a full album of songs entitled Everything I've Got. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] She married twice: Bill Sankey (1946 \u2013 1956) and the British actor Maurice Kaufmann (1963 \u2013 1975), with whom she appeared in the film Fright (1971); they adopted two children, Barnaby and Lottie. [PAR] She is a signed supporter of Republic, The Campaign for an Elected Head of State, the UK campaign to replace the monarchy with a republic. She declined a CBE honour in 2002. She has also been a prominent supporter of the Liberal Democrats.[DOC] [TLE] Honor Blackman"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American Ballet Theatre | Les Balletonautes American Ballet Theatre | Les Balletonautes [PAR] La Belle au bois dormant d\u2019ABT : l\u2019historique, le traditionnel ou l\u2019authentique ? [PAR] The Sleeping Beauty (Tcha\u00eekovsky, Ratmansky d\u2019apr\u00e8s Petipa dans la notation Stepanov, American Ballet Theatre. Op\u00e9ra Bastille les 4, 6, 7 et 10 septembre, matin\u00e9e. [PAR] Demandant \u00e0 ce dilettante de James son avis sur la \u00ab reconstitution \u00bb Ratmansky de la Belle au Bois dormant pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par ABT, j\u2019ai obtenu cette r\u00e9ponse : [PAR] \u00ab Je ne suis ni pour ni contre les reconstitutions chor\u00e9graphiques, pourvu que mon plaisir de spectateur soit content\u00e9 (chez les Balletonautes, les r\u00f4les sont strictement assign\u00e9s, et aucune f\u00e9e pench\u00e9e sur mon berceau ne m\u2019a donn\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9rudition en partage). L\u2019arch\u00e9ologie technique me laisse aussi assez froid : danser comme on faisait en 1890, sachant que la technique a \u00e9volu\u00e9, m\u2019int\u00e9resse aussi peu que d\u2019\u00e9couter sur de vieilles cires Lillian Nordica chanter Wagner au Met en 1903. \u00bb [PAR] Pour \u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019emporte-pi\u00e8ce, cette d\u00e9claration sur la reconstitution n\u2019est pourtant pas loin d\u2019\u00eatre la mienne. Mais comme il para\u00eet que j\u2019ai re\u00e7u \u00ab le don de l\u2019\u00e9rudition \u00bb, je vais m\u2019exprimer beaucoup plus longuement. [PAR] Pour les \u0153uvres musicales, mais particuli\u00e8rement les \u0153uvres chor\u00e9graphiques, qui n\u2019ont longtemps surv\u00e9cu que par la transmission orale de leurs interpr\u00e8tes sans m\u00eame le concours de vieilles cires, une subtile distinction doit \u00eatre faite entre ce qui est \u00ab historique \u00bb (ou arch\u00e9ologique) et ce qui est \u00ab traditionnel \u00bb (ce que, de mani\u00e8re consensuelle, on trouvera dans \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s toutes les productions d\u2019une \u0153uvre classique) avant m\u00eame de se poser la question de ce qui est authentique. [PAR] Une production? Bakst, 1921. [PAR] Rideau d\u2019interm\u00e8de d\u2019apr\u00e8s L\u00e9on Bakst [PAR] L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment qui semble le plus simple \u00e0 reconstituer dans un ballet lorsqu\u2019on veut se frotter \u00e0 l\u2019arch\u00e9o-chor\u00e9graphie est la production. Pour la Belle au Bois dormant, cette option a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 tent\u00e9e moult fois depuis la cr\u00e9ation du ballet en 1890. La premi\u00e8re fois, en 1921, le succ\u00e8s esth\u00e9tique avait \u00e9t\u00e9 complet. Il s\u2019agissait de la production \u00ab traditionnelle \u00bb des Ballets russes de Serge de Diaghilev. C\u2019est \u00e0 cette version, et non \u00e0 celle de 1890, que la production Ratmansky fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Le chor\u00e9graphe a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 son d\u00e9corateur d\u2019\u00e9voquer la splendeur des d\u00e9cors et des costumes de L\u00e9on Bakst. C\u2019\u00e9tait mettre la barre un peu haut et c\u2019est dommage. Car sans cette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e9crasante, la production am\u00e9ricaine, qui se laisse globalement regarder, aurait \u00e9vit\u00e9 certains \u00e9cueils. [PAR] Pour faire ressurgir la magie d\u2019une production, il faut n\u00e9cessairement l\u2019adapter voire la transposer. Reproduire des toiles peintes \u00e0 l\u2019identique et les inonder de lumi\u00e8re crue ne sert \u00e0 rien qu\u2019\u00e0 donner du ballet un aspect vieillot. Pour les costumes, c\u2019est encore pire. Les \u00e9toffes d\u2019autrefois, plus \u00e9paisses et pesantes, \u00e9taient brod\u00e9es \u00e0 la main. Elles \u00e9taient souvent superbes \u00e0 voir de pr\u00e8s mais pouvaient manquer de relief de loin. Pour leur en donner, L\u00e9on Bakst avait par exemple choisi des options chromatiques souvent os\u00e9es. Les mat\u00e9riaux modernes, requis par les exigences techniques de la danse actuelle, sont beaucoup plus l\u00e9gers. Remplacer deux lais de tissus de couleurs diff\u00e9rentes cousus ensemble par de la peinture ou surcharger un l\u00e9ger costume de motifs surimpos\u00e9s n\u2019est jamais d\u2019un bon effet. [PAR] Sans tomber dans certains exc\u00e8s \u00ab ac\u00e9tate \u00bb d\u2019une autre reconstruction de la Belle, celle du Marinsky, cette pr\u00e9sente mouture n\u2019\u00e9vite donc pas toujours le croquignolet ou le ridicule. Il y a par exemple un pauvre h\u00e8re, cavalier d\u2019une des f\u00e9es du prologue, qui est affubl\u00e9 d\u2019une grenouill\u00e8re rose \u00e0 volants dont il"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home - Motley Crue Home - Motley Crue [PAR] Motley Crue [PAR] Official Website for M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce [PAR] Home [PAR] No shows booked at the moment. [PAR] Latest News [PAR] Worldwide Release of 'Motley Crue: The End' Box Set Announced - Pre-Order Available Now! [PAR] September 27th, 2016 [PAR] DVD of Final Live Performance To Be Included NEW YORK, NY, September 27, 2016\u2014Just in time for th [...] [PAR] September 7th, 2016 [PAR] For one night only on Thursday 13th October, selected cinemas across the UK and Europe, South Americ [...] [PAR] July 13th, 2016 [PAR] Beginning July 16, music fans can experience the final performance from iconic rock band M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce [...]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cindy Birdsong - The Supremes Wiki - Wikia Cindy Birdsong | The Supremes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Birdsong was born in Mount Holly, New Jersey in December 1939 to parents Lloyd Birdsong, Sr. and Annie Birdsong. After living in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for a duration of her childhood, the family returned to New Jersey settling in Camden. Birdsong set on sights being a nurse attending college in Pennsylvania, returning to Philadelphia, where she was contacted by a longtime friend, Patsy Holt, to replace another member of her group, Sundray Tucker in the group, The Ordettes, in 1960. At twenty years of age, Birdsong was the oldest member of the group with the remainder of the group still in their mid-teens. [PAR] Patti LaBelle & The Bluebelles [PAR] Edit [PAR] Birdsong set on sights being a nurse attending college in Pennsylvania, returning to Philadelphia, where she was contacted by a longtime friend, Patsy Holt, to replace another member of her group, Sundray Tucker in the group, The Ordettes, in 1960. At twenty years of age, Birdsong was the oldest member of the group with the remainder of the group still in their mid-teens. [PAR] In 1961, after a year performing in jubilees, sock hops and school functions, the Ordettes, then managed by respected music manager Bernard Montague, who later managed several other Philadelphia-based groups such as The Stylistics and The Delfonics, got their first deal with Harold Robinson's Newtown Records. After almost rejecting the group due to him not being initially impressed with the looks of Patsy Holt before Holt and the group sang to him during an audition, which prompted Robinson to change his mind, signing the group and changing the name of both the group (into The Blue Belles, based from a Newtown subsidiary, Blue Belle Records) and Holt's own name, from Patsy Holt to Patti LaBelle. The group had their first hit with \"I Sold My Heart to the Junkman\" in 1962 though LaBelle wrote in her memoirs that the song was actually recorded by The Starlets. When the controversy over the song winded down, the group found a hit with the ballad, \"Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)\". Birdsong was noted for her high soprano vocals in the background.From 1963 until 1967, The Blue Belles, later Patti LaBelle and The Bluebelles, found relative success on the charts and were raved for their live performances. After first performing at the Apollo Theater in 1961, the group became regular headliners at the world-famous venue, earning the nickname, The Sweethearts of the Apollo. Following the success of \"Down the Aisle\", the group would have follow-up success with \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" and \"Danny Boy\" before leaving their second label, Cameo-Parkway, for a more lucrative deal with Atlantic Records. Birdsong first met The Supremes when the group opened for them in 1963. Patti LaBelle has noted that a rivalry between the two groups developed after the Supremes were seen in the same store LaBelle and her band members were, shopping for clothes for performances. Group members reportedly were angry when the Supremes were shown in the same outfit that they wore. The group would also befriend a fellow Motown alum and Philly native, Tammi Terrell during that same period. The Blue Belles had some success after joining Atlantic in 1965, recording two relatively successful albums, 1966's Over the Rainbow and 1967's Dreamer scoring modest charted singles such as \"All or Nothing\", \"Take Me a Little While\" and \"I'm Still Waiting\". Starting in 1967, Birdsong began to appear as a stand-in vocalist for Supremes founder Florence"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marlon Brando - Awards - IMDb Marlon Brando - Awards - IMDb [PAR] Marlon Brando [PAR] Showing all 30 wins and 32 nominations [PAR] Academy Awards, USA [PAR] The Godfather (1972) [PAR] Brando did not attend the ceremony, choosing instead to have himself represented by Sacheen ... More [PAR] Brando did not attend the ceremony, choosing instead to have himself represented by Sacheen Littlefeather (a.k.a. Maria Cruz), a Native American Californian actress. She clarified that Brando respectfully refused the award due to the poor treatment of American Indians in entertainment, as well as the recent Wounded Knee Incident. After several jeers were drowned out by applause, Littlefeather further stated that she hoped she had not intruded and that \"our hearts and understandings will meet with love and generosity\".[DOC] [TLE] Marlon Brando declines Best Actor Oscar - Mar 27, 1973 ... Marlon Brando declines Best Actor Oscar - Mar 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Marlon Brando declines Best Actor Oscar [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Marlon Brando declines Best Actor Oscar [PAR] Author [PAR] Marlon Brando declines Best Actor Oscar [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1973, the actor Marlon Brando declines the Academy Award for Best Actor for his career-reviving performance in The Godfather. The Native American actress Sacheen Littlefeather attended the ceremony in Brando\u2019s place, stating that the actor \u201cvery regretfully\u201d could not accept the award, as he was protesting Hollywood\u2019s portrayal of Native Americans in film. [PAR] Now revered by many as the greatest actor of his generation, Brando earned his first Oscar nomination for his portrayal of the brutish Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). The role was a reprisal of Brando\u2019s incendiary performance in the 1947 stage production of Tennessee Williams\u2019 play, which first brought him to the public\u2019s attention. Nominated again for roles in Viva Zapata! (1952) and Julius Caesar (1953), he won his first Academy Award for On the Waterfront (1954). [PAR] Brando\u2019s career went into decline in the 1960s, with expensive flops such as One-Eyed Jacks (1961), which he also directed, and Mutiny on the Bounty (1962). Aside from his preternatural talent, the actor had become notorious for his moodiness and demanding on-set behavior, as well as his tumultuous off-screen life. Francis Ford Coppola, the young director of The Godfather, had to fight to get him cast in the coveted role of Vito Corleone. Brando won the role only after undergoing a screen test and cutting his fee to $250,000\u2013far less than what he had commanded a decade earlier. With one of the most memorable screen performances of all time, Brando rejuvenated his career, and The Godfather became an almost-immediate classic. [PAR] On the eve of the 1972 Oscars, Brando announced that he would boycott the ceremony, and would send Littlefeather in his place. After Brando\u2019s name was announced as Best Actor, the presenter Roger Moore (star of several James Bond films) attempted to hand the Oscar to Littlefeather, but she brushed it aside, saying that Brando could not accept the award. Littlefeather read a portion of a lengthy statement Brando had written, the entirety of which was later published in the press, including The New York Times. \u201cThe motion picture community has been as responsible as any,\u201d Brando wrote, \u201cfor degrading the Indian and making a mockery of his character, describing his as savage, hostile and evil.\u201d [PAR] Brando had been involved in social causes for years, speaking publicly in support of the formation of a Jewish state in the 1940s, as well as for African-American civil rights and the Black Panther Party."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Railroads - Monopoly Wiki - Wikia Railroads | Monopoly Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] B. & O. Railroad (did not serve Atlantic City) [PAR] Short Line (shortened form of Shore Fast Line) [PAR] Rents [PAR] Rent starts at $25, then doubles for every other Railroad owned on the board: [PAR] 1 RR: $25 [PAR] 3 RR: $100 [PAR] 4 RR: $200 [PAR] Building a Train Station on a Railroad for $100 in Mega Edition doubles the rent stated above. If you draw a specific card in Chance , the rent price doubles so 1 RR is $50, 2 RR is $100, 3 RR is $200, and 4 RR is $400. [PAR] Prices [PAR] Mortgage Value: $100 each [PAR] Summary [PAR] The Railroads are extremely good to own. They are a steady source of cash and can temporarily stop an opponent from building with all 4 of them together. Due to their positioning (5th position on each side of the board), one is always at risk for landing on a railroad whether via dice roll or by a Chance/Community Chest card. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The Pennsylvania, B&O, and Reading railroads were actual railroads that operated on the East Coast. The PRR and Reading are now part of Norfolk Southern (Formerly the two were part of Conrail) and the B&O is now part of CSX. The Shore Fast Line ceased operations in 1948.[DOC] [TLE] What are the train stations in Monopoly? | Reference.com What are the train stations in Monopoly? | Reference.com [PAR] What are the train stations in Monopoly? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The train stations in Monopoly are named after four railroad lines: the Pennsylvania, the B&O, the Reading and the Short Line. The first three are named after real railroads, while the Short Line is fictitious. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Pennsylvania Railroad served the Northeast and parts of the Midwest. The B&O was a nickname for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which ran in much of the same area as the Pennsylvania. The Reading Co. primarily transported coal from mines to Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Parker Brothers patented Monopoly in 1935 after purchasing the rights from Charles Darrow, who sold 5,000 homemade editions of the game before working with the manufacturer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Choice - Anton Karas: Harry Lime Theme (Third Man ... My Choice - Anton Karas: Harry Lime Theme (Third Man) - YouTube [PAR] My Choice - Anton Karas: Harry Lime Theme (Third Man) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 9, 2011 [PAR] The Harry Lime Theme (Engl. The Third Man Theme ) is an instrumental composition by Anton Karas for the film The Third Man and was named after the character in the movie, Harry Lime. We're showing some post war photos of Vienna. [PAR] \"The Harry Lime Theme\" is an instrumental written and performed by Anton Karas for the soundtrack to the film The Third Man (1949). [PAR] Karas was working as a zither player when director Carol Reed, during location scouting for the film, heard him playing in a beer garden. Reed wanted music that wasn't a waltz but would be appropriate to the city of Vienna, in which the film was set, so he asked Karas if he would write and record the film's score. Karas agreed, and he wrote the theme based on a melody in a practice book. The zither had not previously been widely used in English or American music, but the theme became popular with audiences of the film soon after its premiere. [PAR] The tune was originally released in the U.K. in 1949, where it was known as 'The Harry Lime Theme.' Following its release in the U.S. in 1950, \"The Third Man Theme\" spent eleven weeks at number one on Billboard's U.S. Best Sellers in Stores chart. Its success led to a trend in releasing film theme music as singles. [PAR] According to Faber and Faber, the different versions of the theme have collectively sold an estimated forty million copies. [PAR] Anton Karas was born in Vienna of Hungarian and Czech origin, one of five children of a factory worker, Anton Karas was already keen on music as a child. He desired to become a band leader, which due to the family's financial situation was impossible. However, he was allowed to learn to play an instrument, as were his two brothers and two sisters. He later reported that his first zither was one he found in his grandmother's attic, at the age of 12. [PAR] Music is copyrighted by its corresponding owners. No infringement of copyright is meant and if it does infringe, please message me and I'll remove it. [PAR] -----------------------------------------------------------[DOC] [TLE] The Third Man Movie Review & Film Summary (1949 ... The Third Man Movie Review & Film Summary (1949) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Has there ever been a film where the music more perfectly suited the action than in Carol Reed 's \"The Third Man\"? The score was performed on a zither by Anton Karas , who was playing in a Vienna beerhouse one night when Reed heard him. The sound is jaunty but without joy, like whistling in the dark. It sets the tone; the action begins like an undergraduate lark and then reveals vicious undertones. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The story begins with a spoken prologue (\"I never knew the old Vienna, before the war. . .\"). The shattered postwar city has been divided into French, American, British and Russian zones, each with its own cadre of suspicious officials. Into this sinkhole"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Parker Jazz Festival - City Parks Foundation City Parks FoundationCharlie Parker Jazz Festival - City Parks Foundation [PAR] City Parks Foundation [PAR] Corporate Events [PAR] Charlie Parker Jazz Festival [PAR] Each year we assemble some of the finest musicians in the world who reflect Charlie Parker\u2019s musical individuality and genius, to promote appreciation for this highly influential and world-renowned artist. [PAR] In the world of modern music - not just jazz - few figures loom as large or cast as long a shadow as saxophonist Charlie Parker, best known as \"Bird\" (short for \"Yardbird\") to generations of musicians. He was born in1920 and almost sixty years since his death in 1955, he is universally celebrated for single-handedly inventing bebop and bringing jazz into the modern era. [PAR] Charlie Parker Jazz Festival is New York City's annual salute to the legendary saxophonist. City Parks Foundation is proud to celebrate this histories festival, featuring contemporaries of Charlie Parker as well as young jazz musicians that continue to shape and drive the art form. [PAR] The 2016 Charlie Parker Jazz Festival featured performances from Jason Lindner: Breeding Ground, Antoinette Montague, DJ Greg Caz, Randy Weston African Rhythms Sextet, Cory Henry & The Funk Apostles, The Artistry of Jazzmeia Horn, Charles Turner III, DeJohnette - Holland - Moran, Allan Harris, Donny McCaslin Group and Grace Kelly. [PAR] SIGN UP FOR EMAIL[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Parker Jazz Festival | The Official Guide to New ... Charlie Parker Jazz Festival | The Official Guide to New York City [PAR] Charlie Parker Jazz Festival [PAR] Ave. A between 7th and 10th Sts. [PAR] Manhattan, NY [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Charlie Parker Jazz Festival has already occurred [PAR] In the early '50s, Charlie Parker made his home in Alphabet City, and though Bird has been gone a long time now, the neighborhood hasn't forgotten him. The block he lived on was renamed Charlie Parker Place in 1992, and the next year the Charlie Parker Jazz Festival made its debut in Tompkins Square Park, right across the street. This year's festival also takes place at Marcus Garvey Park; performers include Jason Lindner and the Randy Weston African Rhythms Sextet. For the full schedule, visit cityparksfoundation.org . [PAR] Photo: Jack Vartoogian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Burt Reynolds Net Worth Money and More - Rich Glare Burt Reynolds Net Worth Money and More - Rich Glare [PAR] Burt Reynolds Net Worth Money and More [PAR] Profession: Actor, Director and Voice Artist [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The complete name of Burt Reynolds is Burton Leon \u201cBurt\u201d Reynolds. He was born on 11th February 1936. He is a multi-talented personality. He is not just a well known actor but is also a very talented director. He has worked in many movies and television shows like Riverboat, Angel Baby, The twilight Zone, Gunsmoke, Hooper as Hooper, Sam Whiskey, Dan August, Everything You always Wanted to Know about Sex, The man Who loved Cat Dancing, Silent Movie, Starting Over, Rough Cut, The Man Who Loved Women, City heat, The Golden Girls, Physical Evidence, Breaking In, Switching Channels, All dogs go to Heaven, Mad Dog Time and the Longest Yard [PAR] [PAR] Early life [PAR] Fern H Reynolds and Burton Milo Reynolds are the parents of Burt Reynolds. Waycross, Georgia is the birth place of Burt Reynolds. His father was a part of Unites States Army. After some time his father became the chief police of Riviera Beach. This beach is adjacent to West Palm Beach which is located in north. He has completed his schooling from Palm Beach high School. In his school he used to participate in all the competitions which were related to acting and theatre. In his childhood he was a very intelligent student. He received a large number of scholarships. He completed his graduation from Florida State University. He was a great football player in his college days. He even won a scholarship for playing football. When he was in college he met with an accident. The accident gave him an injury and his football career ended with that accident. He never played football after that accident. He never thought of acting to be his career. After he ended up with his football career he aimed to become a police officer. When he got a scholarship to Hype Park Playhouse, he dropped his plan for becoming a police officer and went to New York for Summer Stock Theater. He found this job more interesting than the job of police officer. [PAR] Quotes by Burt Reynolds [PAR] Marriage is about the most expensive way for average man to get laundry done [PAR] The moment you grab someone by the lapels, you\u2019re lost. [PAR] You can only hold your stomach in for so many years. [PAR] I have always gotten along well with Texas. You\u2019ve got to. [PAR] My movies were the kind they show in prisons and airplanes, because nobody can leave [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Acting career [PAR] Burt won Florida State Drama Award. Along with this award he even won a scholarship for Hyde Park playhouse. This playhouse is a summer stock theatre. Burt thought this scholarship to be a golden opportunity and so he accepted the scholarship. He started working at Hyde Park he met Joanne Woodward. After meeting Joanne he fell in love with her. The couple dated for many years. Carol Lawrence, Frank Gifford, Jan Murray and Red Buttons. [PAR] [PAR] Personal Life [PAR] Reynolds is said to be involved with many women like Tammy Wynette, Susan Clarks, Lorna Luft, Tawny Lift, Sally Field, Christ Evert and Pam Seals. After so many affairs he got married to Judy Carne. But his marriage with Judy didn\u2019t work well and they got divorced. After his divorce he got married to Loni Anderson. After his marriage with Loni he adopted a son. He named his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1988: Jumbo jet crashes onto Lockerbie - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 21 | 1988: Jumbo jet crashes onto Lockerbie [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1988: Jumbo jet crashes onto Lockerbie [PAR] A Pan Am jumbo jet with 258 passengers on board has crashed on to the town of Lockerbie near the Scottish borders. [PAR] Initial reports indicate it crashed into a petrol station in the centre of the town, between Carlisle and Dumfries, and burst into a 300-foot fireball. [PAR] Hundreds are feared dead as airline officials said flight 103 was about two-thirds full with 255 adults and three children on board. [PAR] Rescue teams have confirmed there are many casualties at the scene including townspeople who were on the ground. [PAR] The Boeing 747 left London Heathrow at 1800 GMT bound for New York's JFK airport. [PAR] Shortly after 1900 the flight disappeared from radar screens at Prestwick Air Traffic Control Centre. [PAR] There was just a terrible explosion, you just couldn't describe it [PAR] Eyewitness [PAR] At 1908 there were reports by the Civil Air Traffic Control Authorities of an explosion on the ground 15 miles north of the Scottish border. [PAR] Details of the accident are still unclear but there are unconfirmed reports the plane has ploughed into cars and houses. [PAR] An eyewitness said the aircraft has hit a central part of the town in a residential area. [PAR] \"There was just a terrible explosion, you just couldn't describe it,\" he told the BBC. [PAR] \"It is just impossible to approach the town but at the time it went up there was a terrible explosion and the whole sky lit up. [PAR] \"It was virtually raining fire - it was just liquid fire.\" [PAR] Parts of the town are being evacuated and a hall has been converted into a refuge centre. [PAR] Dumfries and Galloway Hospital, about 20 miles away, is on emergency alert. [PAR] Ambulances from southern Scotland and Cumbria have been sent to the scene. [PAR] The RAF has sent personnel and helicopters from Scotland and Northern England, along with mountain rescue teams to help police. [PAR] The A74 has been cordoned off after police reported several parked cars on fire. [PAR] It is thought the plane would have been flying at about 31,000 ft over Lockerbie when it exploded.[DOC] [TLE] Lockerbie, Scotland - Pan Am 103 bombing, 25 years later ... Lockerbie, Scotland - Pan Am 103 bombing, 25 years later - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Pan Am 103 bombing, 25 years later [PAR] Next [PAR] Lockerbie, Scotland [PAR] A policeman walks away from the cockpit of the 747 Pan Am airliner that exploded over and crashed into Lockerbie, Scotland, Dec. 22, 1988. [PAR] The flight was on route from London to New York with 259 passengers on board. All 243 passengers and 16 crew members were killed as well as 11 Lockerbie residents. [PAR] In 2003, Libya admitted some responsibility for the bombing that brought down the plane and paid compensation to the victims\u2019 families. [PAR] Credit: Roy Letkey/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Lockerbie, Scotland [PAR] The scene of devastation caused by the explosion of a 747 Pan Am jumbo jet over Lockerbie, Dec. 22, 1988. [PAR] Credit: Roy Letkey/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Lockerbie, Scotland [PAR] Local resident Robert Love stands by one of the four engines of the ill-fated Pan Am 747 jumbo jet, Dec. 22, 1988, that exploded and crashed the day before on the route to New-York, with 259 passengers on board. [PAR] Credit: Roy Letkey/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Lockerbie, Scotland [PAR] A view"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rise and Fall of Solidarity - The New York Times The Rise and Fall of Solidarity - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] The Opinion Pages |The Rise and Fall of Solidarity [PAR] Search [PAR] The Rise and Fall of Solidarity [PAR] By MARK KRAMER [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Thirty years ago Tuesday, the whole of Poland came under martial law. The sudden introduction of military rule after an 18-month-long crisis was a turning point in the history of both Poland and the Cold War. [PAR] The crisis stemmed from the formation of Solidarity, which started out as a free trade union but quickly became far more: a social movement, a symbol of hope and an embodiment of the struggle against communism and Soviet domination. Nothing analogous to Solidarity existed either before or after. [PAR] Solidarity had its roots in the worker unrest of December 1970 in Poland\u2019s northern cities, but the movement that emerged in the summer of 1980 was incomparably larger and drew from all segments of Polish society. Roughly 10 million people \u2014 nearly half of Poland\u2019s adult population \u2014 eventually joined. [PAR] The Polish Communist regime had tried, unsuccessfully, to prevent the formation of Solidarity. Faced with crippling strikes at major shipyards and factories in August 1980, the Polish authorities considered resorting to a full-scale crackdown. But after deliberating they ultimately decided against the use of force and \u2014 with great reluctance \u2014 to sign three landmark accords that formally recognized the establishment of Solidarity, which soon rivaled the Polish Communist Party in political power. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The founding of Solidarity is now the stuff of legend, but in the summer of 1980 the outcome of the workers\u2019 protests seemed uncertain at best. When mass strikes began in Gdansk in mid-August 1980, nearly all of the strike leaders feared that the protests would soon peter out or would not spread widely enough to compel the regime to negotiate. Many were worried that the authorities would instinctively rely on violent repression, as they had in December 1970. But the workers at the Gdansk shipyard pressed on, and the strikes spread rapidly to more than 750 sites around the country. [PAR] The feared crackdown did not come until a year and a half later, after extensive planning and preparations by the Polish security forces and army, under close Soviet supervision. The move to crush Solidarity proved remarkably swift and effective, a textbook case of how an authoritarian regime can bring a rebellious society to heel. [PAR] Photo [PAR] Credit Raquel Mar\u00edn [PAR] The long and elaborate planning resulted in a crackdown that killed surprisingly few. Many thousands were arrested, a curfew was enacted, and communications and transportation were severely restricted. [PAR] Poles, long known for their defiance of communism, put up surprisingly little resistance. Part of the reason is that by December 1981, Solidarity\u2019s popularity was waning. The strikes and economic upheavals in 1981 had eroded Poles\u2019 living standards, causing many to hope that stability might be restored. [PAR] As the anniversary of martial law has approached, some observers have been inclined to look back on the formation of Solidarity in 1980 as the death knell of communism or at least the first nail in communism\u2019s coffin. That view is far too glib and teleological. Solidarity certainly highlighted the enormous public discontent with Communist rule \u2014 discontent that had surfaced many times before in Poland and elsewhere in Eastern Europe \u2014 but the organization was crushed in December 1981. [PAR] Please"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Golf - Scottish Perspective History of Golf - Scottish Perspective [PAR] Palmer, Player, Nicklaus, Watson, Faldo and Woods. [PAR] PRE 1400: THE ORIGINS OF THE GAME [PAR] Throughout recorded history, every civilisation has played a game with a club and a ball. Pangea for example, as described by Roman scribes, would appear to be the father both of modern hockey and the Celtic games of Shinty and Hurling. [PAR] In one form or another, the variant games of present day golf were clearly enjoyed throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. The game persisted over the centuries and the form that it took and rules that were applied varied as widely as the terrain the game was played over. In short, the game consisted of knocking a ball from one pre-designated place to another where the ball was to be struck off a predetermined object in the least number of blows. Games often extended from village to village. [PAR] That this game was ousted from the towns and onto the commons land beyond is one possible solution to the question of how it all began. Whatever the exact origins, it is known that by the 15th century, \"kolf\" as it was known in the Netherlands and \"goff\" as it was referred to in England, was a pastime enjoyed by Kings and Commoners alike. It's kinship to the Great Game however, remains entirely questionable. [PAR] So widespread was the game of \"Gowf\", as it was known in Scotland, that an Act of Parliament was passed to prevent the playing of the game on Sundays and thus preserve the skills of Archery. The citizens of Aberdeen, St. Andrews and Leith on Scotland's East Coast were the principal \"gowfing\" miscreants and it was no coincidence that rolling sandy links land was commonplace here. On this very terrain, a game that started with a cleek and a ball took on a form that started an evolutionary process that continues to this day. [PAR] The question of how it all began may be of pressing concern to some but to the Scot, it is sufficient to know that the game was born on the links land of eastern Scotland. Here, the game has been nurtured for over five hundred years and from here, it has been raised to the great game played and loved by millions throughout the world. [PAR] 1750 - 1850 : THE ROBERTSONS OF ST ANDREWS [PAR] This was the period when golf as we know it today came to be. It was in this time that many of today's great golf clubs were founded and the leading players of the era started to gain renown. The great club-makers and ball-makers of the era began to emerge and the clubs produced by these skilled craftsmen were coveted to the extent that forgeries became commonplace. [PAR] Top players began to regularly gather for 'meetings' when medal and match-play rounds were organised, with distinctions made for the first time between amateur and professional players. Allan Robertson, of the famous ball-making family in St Andrews, is widely credited as being the first golf professional. But before Allan, his Grandfather Peter was described as a professional golfer and although history knows little of this man, his reputation survived him and his prowess was widely acknowledged. One epic contest in 1843 was between Allan Robertson and Willie Dunn, two of the best players of that time. The challenge was held over 20 rounds (2 rounds per day over 10 days) and it was Robertson who triumphed - two rounds up with one to play."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Tyson becomes the youngest heavyweight champ in ... Mike Tyson becomes the youngest heavyweight champ in history - Nov 22, 1986 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Mike Tyson becomes the youngest heavyweight champ in history [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Mike Tyson becomes the youngest heavyweight champ in history [PAR] Author [PAR] Mike Tyson becomes the youngest heavyweight champ in history [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On November 22, 1986, 20-year-old Mike Tyson knocks out 33-year-old Trevor Berbick in just five minutes and 35 seconds to become the youngest titleholder ever. \u201cI\u2019m the youngest heavyweight boxing champion in history,\u201d Tyson told his manager after the fight, \u201cand I\u2019m going to be the oldest.\u201d [PAR] Tyson\u2019s bravado wasn\u2019t misplaced: When he walked into the ring to face Berbick, he had won all 27 of the matches he\u2019d fought, knocking out 26 of his opponents. He threw unbelievably hard punches\u2013\u201cpineapples,\u201d trainer Angelo Dundee called them. Ref Mills Lane agreed: \u201cEverything he\u2019s got has \u2018good night\u2019 written all over it,\u201d he said. Berbick refused to be intimidated by the younger man\u2019s furious arm and decided\u2013unwisely, it turned out\u2013to stand up to Tyson instead of boxing him. He didn\u2019t bob or weave or even throw punches. He just stood there, wanting to show the world that he could take whatever Tyson was dishing out. \u201cI was trying to prove to myself that I could take his best shot,\u201d Berbick said, but \u201che punches pretty hard.\u201d [PAR] Tyson had a plan, too: \u201cI wanted to throw every punch with bad intentions,\u201d he said after the fight. \u201cI was throwing\u2013what can I say\u2013hydrogen bombs.\u201d During the first round, Berbick had fought in such slow motion that he looked like he was underwater; early in the second, Tyson walloped him to the mat with a powerful left hook. The older man bounced up, but Tyson thumped him again. Berbick froze; then his legs buckled and he fell. The ref began to count while the champ struggled to get up. He lifted himself off the mat twice, and twice his legs wobbled so much that he fell again. He finally made it up, but Lane stopped the fight anyway. \u201cBerbick was up,\u201d he said later, \u201cbut to allow somebody to get hit in that condition, that\u2019s criminal.\u201d [PAR] Tyson kept his title for nine more bouts, until Buster Douglas beat him in 1990. After that, his life unraveled. He was sent to prison for three years for rape. Then, five fights into his comeback in 1995, he bit off a part of Evander Holyfield\u2019s ear and was disqualified. He retired for good in 2005. Berbick didn\u2019t fare much better: He, too, spent time in prison for rape, and was found dead (of \u201cchop wounds\u201d to his head, according to the coroner\u2019s report) in a church courtyard in Jamaica in 2006. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Mike Tyson Becomes the Youngest Heavyweight Champion in ... Mike Tyson Becomes the Youngest Heavyweight Champion in History | World History Project [PAR] Nov 22 1986 [PAR] Mike Tyson Becomes the Youngest Heavyweight Champion in History [PAR] On November 22, 1986, Tyson was given his first title fight against Trevor Berbick for the World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight championship. [PAR] Tyson won the title by second round TKO, and at the age of 20 years and 4 months became the youngest heavyweight champion in history. Tyson's dominant performance brought many accolades. Donald Saunders wrote: \"The noble and manly art of boxing can at least cease worrying about its immediate future, now [that] it has discovered a heavyweight champion fit to stand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Space Shuttle, the world's first reusable spacecraft Space Shuttle, the world's first reusable spacecraft [PAR] email this page to a friend [PAR] Space Shuttle, the world's first reusable spacecraft [PAR] The US space shuttle, first launched in 1981, was the world's first reusable spacecraft. NASA ran the programme of 135 manned missions. Mission control was located at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, while the shuttles themselves launched from Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. [PAR] There were originally five orbiter space planes: Atlantis, Challenger, Columbia, Discovery and Endeavour. Two of these, Challenger and Columbia, were destroyed in tragic accidents. Atlantis flew the last mission of the shuttle programme in July 2011. [PAR] The space shuttle was initially used to deploy satellites in orbit; to carry scientific experiments such as Spacelab , a modular arrangement of experiments installed in the shuttle's cargo bay; and to carry out military missions. As the program matured, the space shuttle also has been used to service and repair the International Space Station , orbiting satellites and to retrieve and return to the earth previously deployed spacecraft. [PAR] Of its three components - the orbiter space plane, rocket boosters and external fuel tank - only the fuel tank was not recovered after a mission. Special heat-resistant tiles prevented the orbiter from burning up when it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. The remote manipulator arm in the orbiter's payload bay could put satellites into space, recapture them from space, and act as a stable platform for astronauts working in the bay. [PAR] The space shuttle carried a wide range of equipment, known as the payload, into space, ranging from communication, military, and astronomical satellites; space experiments for studying the apparent weightlessness (called 'microgravity') experienced aboard a shuttle flight; and human experimental facilities. Often NASA collaborated with other countries by allowing them to use shuttle cargo space for special projects. [PAR] The space shuttle was designed to leave the earth as a vertically launched rocket weighing up to 2.0 million kg (4.5 million lb.) with 3 million kg (7 million lb.) of thrust from its multiple propulsion systems. The orbiter segment returned from space-withstanding the intense heat when entering the earth's atmosphere. Flown by the shuttle crew much like an aircraft, the shuttle would lands horizontally on a conventional airport runway. [PAR] The crew of the shuttle was an integral part of the system and was critical to the success of each mission. The flight crew was led by the commander and backed up by the pilot - both were professional astronauts and proven pilots with extensive space systems and operations training. Their primary responsibility was to fly the shuttle as a launch vehicle, spacecraft, and aircraft. [PAR] The remaining crew members - up to five more people - were responsible for the unique aspects of a particular space mission. The mission specialist was the lead astronaut and ensured that the mission met all the objectives. Payload specialists were experts in that mission's objectives and cargo, which were usually space experiments or artificial satellites. Often the payload specialists were astronauts from other countries on board to help with a project in which their country had an interest. [PAR] Spacecraft and Supporting Systems [PAR] The space-shuttle system, called the Space Transportation System (STS), was one of the most technologically advanced and complex machines on earth. It consisted of the orbiter, propulsion systems - two solid rocket boosters (SRBs) and three main engines, and an external fuel tank. [PAR] Space-Shuttle Orbiter [PAR] The orbiter was both the brains and heart of the STS, and it contained the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Best Patricia Highsmith Books - Publishers Weekly 10 Best Patricia Highsmith Books [PAR] 10 Best Patricia Highsmith Books [PAR] By Joan Schenkar | [PAR] Aug 29, 2014 [PAR] Joan Schenkar is the author of the must-read biography The Talented Miss Highsmith: The Secret Life and Serious Art of Patricia Highsmith , a New York Times Notable Book. With the release of the new movie, The Two Faces of January, based on Highsmith's novel, we asked Schenkar to rank the best of the author's books. [PAR] \"It is impossible,\" wrote Patricia Highsmith (1921-1995), the Dark Lady of American Letters (and double trouble for a biographer) \"for me to live from day to day without putting myself to a judgement\u2026\" [PAR] And so, five to seven sheets of finished fiction rolled from the platen of her coffee-colored Olympia Deluxe portable typewriter every morning; the keys detonating like little pistol shots under her huge hands. [PAR] She typed each page twice--for neatness, she said (her inner chaos required a Head Librarian's habits)--channeling the news she brought back from the ends of her nerves into the booby-trapped plots, double-gated psychologies, and reflective \"realities\" of her nearly 30 published volumes of fiction. She produced an iconic character in The Talented Mr. Ripley, but the hundreds of raspingly acute portraits of quietly transgressive acts punctuating her other novels have added a new terror to \"mid-century modern.\" [PAR] Her great invention was Highsmith Country, the Alternate Earth where all her detail-saturated fictions are set. There, good intentions corrupt naturally; guilt afflicts the innocent; pursuit is everywhere; identities, genders, and genres are undermined; and life is a suffocating trap from which even her most accomplished escape artists cannot find a graceful exit. [PAR] Filmmakers have been strip-mining her novels for decades, unable except in three or four instances to crack her codes. Even the masterpiece Alfred Hitchcock made of her own masterpiece, Strangers On a Train, couldn't quite face the quintessential Highsmith Situation: two men bound together by a stalker-like fixation which always involves a murderous, implicitly homoerotic fantasy. [PAR] Hossein Amini's new film of The Two Faces of January is an exception: better than its eponymous novel because it fracks the work (which writhes uncomfortably in over-complicated coils) for a Noir plot, a damaging Highsmithian premise, and some stylish period smoking. But even Pat's excesses compel for their obsessions: murder is always on her mind and she always confuses it with love. [PAR] Here, in publication order, are some of Pat Highsmith's\u2013and the twentieth century's--most delinquently original novels. They've haunted me for years. [PAR] 1. Strangers on a Train (1950) - This remarkable debut novel takes Pat's double-indemnifying nugget\u2013strangers who agree to exchange murders and \"get away with it\"\u2013and settles it on Guy Haines, a brilliant architect whose moody purity invites corruption, and Charles Bruno, a psychopathic, subliterate mastermind who yearns to join him. In their tranced, mutual, psychological seduction, these Terrible Twins vacate their characters, mingle their identities, and misdirect their pursuers in as thorough an anatomy of guilt as can be found in modern literature. [PAR] 2. The Price of Salt (as Claire Morgan, 1952) - Pat, who died for love a thousand times in life, killed for it in every novel except this one. But murder is in the brilliant metaphors, and the richly-figured language borrows elements from Strangers and subdues them to requited lesbian love--the only \"crime\" she never wrote about. [PAR] Salt glows with a luminous halo of incest, a little light pedophilia, and sexual consummations that are spied upon, recorded, and prosecuted. But Carol and Therese, its steely,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck ... Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d - Oct 12, 1940 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d [PAR] Author [PAR] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1940, cowboy-movie star Tom Mix is killed when he loses control of his speeding Cord Phaeton convertible and rolls into a dry wash (now called the Tom Mix Wash) near Florence, Arizona. He was 60 years old. Today, visitors to the site of the accident can see a 2-foot\u2013tall iron statue of a riderless horse and a somewhat awkwardly written plaque that reads: \u201cIn memory of Tom Mix whose spirit left his body on this spot and whose characterization and portrayals in life served to better fix memories of the Old West in the minds of living men.\u201d [PAR] According to Mix\u2019s press agent, the star was a genuine cowboy and swaggering hero of the Wild West: He was born in Texas; fought in the Spanish-American War, the Boxer Rebellion and the Boer War; and served as a sheriff in Kansas, a U.S. marshal in Oklahoma and a Texas Ranger. In fact, Mix was born in Driftwood, Pennsylvania; deserted the Army in 1902; and was a drum major in the Oklahoma Territorial Cavalry band when he went off to Hollywood in 1909. [PAR] None of these inconvenient facts prevented Mix from becoming one of the greatest silent-film stars in history, however. Along with his famous horse Tony, Mix made 370 full-length Westerns. At the peak of his fame, he was the highest-paid actor in Hollywood, earning as much as $17,500 a week (about $218,000 today). Unfortunately, Mix and Tony had a hard time making the transition to talking pictures. Some people say that the actor\u2019s voice was so high-pitched that it undermined his macho cowboy image, but others argue that sound films simply had too much talking for Mix\u2019s taste: He preferred wild action sequences to heartfelt conversation. [PAR] On the day he died, Mix was driving north from Tucson in his beloved bright-yellow Cord Phaeton sports car. He was driving so fast that he didn\u2019t notice\u2013or failed to heed\u2013signs warning that one of the bridges was out on the road ahead. The Phaeton swung into a gully and Mix was smacked in the back of the head by one of the heavy aluminum suitcases he was carrying in the convertible\u2019s backseat. The impact broke the actor\u2019s neck and he died almost instantly. Today, the dented \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d is the featured attraction at the Tom Mix Museum in Dewey, Oklahoma. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Years Did the Holocaust Last | uk.QACollections.com How Many Years Did the Holocaust Last | uk.QACollections.com [PAR] How Many Years Did the Holocaust Last [PAR] How Many Years Did the Holocaust Last? [PAR] Holocaust refers to the state-sponsored murder of millions of Jews by Nazi Germany. The Holocaust lasted for 12 years; people were imprisoned in camps as early as 1933 and it lasted until the end o... Read More \u00bb [PAR] Related Videos [PAR] Top Q&A For: How Many Years Did the Holocaust Last [PAR] How Many Years Did World War 2 Last? [PAR] World War 2 was a war that involved most of the world's nations that were eventually divided into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. World war 2 lasted for six years; it star... Read More \u00bb [PAR] How Many Years Did Slavery Last? [PAR] Slavery in America started since 1619 and lasted until 1865. After 246 long years, President Abraham Lincoln put an end to it. [PAR] How Many Years Did the Vietnam War Last? [PAR] The Vietnam War was a battle fought by the pro and anti communist groups in the country. The war, which started on September 26, 1959 and ended on April 30, 1975, lasted for exactly fifteen years, ... Read More \u00bb [PAR] How Many Years Does Bankruptcy Last? [PAR] One way people deal with debts they can't pay is by announcing bankruptcy. Bankruptcy usually lasts for one year. You can find more information here:[DOC] [TLE] The Dreadful Days: How Long Did The Holocaust Last? The Dreadful Days: How Long Did The Holocaust Last? [PAR] The Dreadful Days: How Long Did The Holocaust Last? [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] \u201cHolocaust\u201d or the final solution is the word originated from two Greek words \u201cholos\u201d meaning whole and \u201ckaustos\u201d meaning burned. Historically, Holocaust signifies sacrifices offered on the altar. After 1945, the word modified to take horrible meaning of mass destruction and loss of life. Owing to the brutal murder of 6 million European Jews and few people of oppressed groups of homosexuals and Gypsies the word acquired an awful form. This phase was during the Second World War. The anti-semitic Nazi leader Adolf Hitler considered Jews to be an inferior race. After years of struggle of Jews under the rule of Nazis, Hitler comes up with a \u201cfinal solution\u201d the Holocaust behind the world war. The camps turned into mass killing centers. So, how long did the Holocaust last? And how Jews and other minor groups suffered and the aftermath? Read the article to know more about this. [PAR] How Long Did The Holocaust Last? [PAR] Before getting into the phase of the holocaust, it is crucial for you to know the prior developments that lead to this mass destruction. So, let us see the prior developments. [PAR] Before The Holocaust [PAR] The anti-Semitism though referred to Adolf Hitler\u2019s period but existed much before Hitler. Since, ancient time hostility toward Jews existed. The Jews were asked to leave Palestine forcefully after the Roman authorities destroyed their temple in Jerusalem. So, the term anti-Semitism dates back to 1870s. Later 17th and 18th century came in the Enlightenment with emphasis on religious toleration. In the 19th century, other European rulers along with the Napolean ordained legislation to remove the long-standing confinements on Jews. However, anti-semitic feelings began to take racial character rather than a religious one. [PAR] The origin of anti-Semitism especially the virulent brand of Hitler is vague. Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in the year 1889 and served the German army during the World"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dallas the official website dedicated to the hit tv series ... Dallas the official website dedicated to the hit tv series with Larry Hagman [PAR] Dynasty [PAR] Introduction to the TV series Dallas [PAR] It was a Sunday night, April 2nd 1978, that TV history changed forever when a new five part mini series made its debut on CBS. That show was Dallas, created by David Jacobs and went on to become the most sucessful show in the history of television. [PAR] Dallas was not. however. initially produced as a serial. It was conceived as a noncontinuing drama. \"I had hoped we\u2019d be able to serialize after we got a hold.\" says David jacobs. Dallas\u2019s creator. Indeed, the show changed to its present serialized form after about ten episodes of its first official season in the fall of 1978. As a result, the early episodes of Dallas presented story lines that had no relationship to each other - one week Bobby is kidnapped and shot, yet the next week he has no bandages. \"My favorite one of those,\u201d says executive producer Philip Capice. \"is the one where suddenly Pam has an ex- [PAR] husband who just shows up and says, 'Hi, we used to be married', and then by the end of the show he sort of disappears\". [PAR] Dallas producers assume that their viewer is a regular who has either seen all the episodes or has caught up on the news through a friend. There is no reviewing of the situation in a new episode (in syndication a narrator explains the previous episode [PAR] with one minute of flashbacks). [PAR] \"We move a lot faster than a daytime soap.\" says Capice. \u201cIn the course of twenty-five or twenty-six shows a season, we did the same amount of material that a daytime serial does in two hundred and fifty shows. Now we\u2019re doing thirty or thirty-one shows a season.\" [PAR] At the time the show was first broadcast- five episodes aired in spring 1978 to test the waters\u2014there were no big, splashy family dramas dealing with larger-than-life \u201creal people. \u201d One-hour dramas in prime time were primarily doctor shows, detective shows, or family shows in the Eight Is Enough mold. (Family, the one serious family drama of the time, was so serious it was canceled.) [PAR] Dallas was the first show to combine the scope of a mini-series with the big ideas of life\u2014themes such as good vs. evil and brother vs. brother. Set in the big state of Texas\u2014where life is lived in the fast lane, where everything is bigger and badder than anywhere else\u2014the breadth of the show made viewers realize that Romeo and Juliet had at long last come to Giant. Victoria Principal credits the 1956 movie Giant as the inspiration for Dallas. [PAR] \u201cIn its form, Dallas is a kind of soap opera\" says Larry Hagman, known the world over as \u201cBut let me tell you something. Soap opera is damn good. I worked almost three years on The Edge of Night. It was done live and provided marvelous training for actors. Soap operas provide fine acting performances, and they\u2019re damned hard too. I consider Dallas drama\u2014turgid drama, sometimes, but it's always interesting with the major characters bouncing around. The show\u2019s fine when it revolves around several themes. People say that it\u2019s sexy and trashy. If you call screwing your wife\u2019s sister sexy, then perhaps it is. To me, it\u2019s just all in the family\" [PAR] Creator David Jacobs originally created and came up with an idea for the series Knots Landing, but CBS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History - 1990s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ... History - 1990s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] READ MORE [PAR] 1990: A record for Navratilova [PAR] On a sunny Saturday afternoon, Martina Navratilova produced a near-flawless performance to win her ninth Wimbledon singles title, a record that will take some topping in today's day and age. Competing against fellow American Zina Garrison, Navratilova served and volleyed her way around Centre Court in emphatic fashion, dropping just five games as she took the title 6-1, 6-4. [PAR] The 33-year-old Navratilova won six consecutive championships from 1982 to 1987 but was made to wait before surpassing Helen Wills Moody's record of eight titles, losing the previous two years in the final to Steffi Graf. But, with Graf disposed of by Garrison in the semi-finals, Navratilova got there eventually, straddling the net to acknowledge her beaten opponent and then, her courtside courtesies complete, sinking down on her knees for an instant of silent communion with the tennis court she loves best. [PAR] \"There were no glitches this time; everything came up nines,\" she said. \"This tops it all, absolutely, because I've worked so hard.\" [PAR] 1990: Boris Becker v Stefan Edberg [PAR] The most defining aspect of the rivalry between Boris Becker and Stefan Edberg was the three successive Wimbledon finals they contested between 1988 and 1990. Having split the titles in '88 and '89, their 1990 encounter was undoubtedly the most riveting. [PAR] Edberg, who had been routed by Boris the year before, swept ahead, crunching through the first two sets 6-2, 6-2. But, as was his wont, Becker rallied in typical fashion to win the next two sets 6-3, 6-3, and send the match into a fifth. Becker broke Edberg early in the fifth set, on course for a fourth Wimbledon title, and setting up the possibility of being the first Wimbledon champion to win the last three sets in a five-set match since Henri Cochetin 1927. [PAR] But, it was not to be. Edberg regained the break and then broke Becker in the ninth game of the set with a topspin lob winner, eventually serving it out for his second Wimbledon title. The Swede went on to win the US Open in 1991 and 1992. [PAR] 1991: Steffi Graf v Gabriela Sabatini [PAR] One of SW19's greatest champions arrived at Wimbledon in 1991 having suffered rather a seesaw period, registering one of the worst defeats of her career against Arantxa Sanchez Vicario in the French Open semi-finals, losing her first 6-0 set since 1984. [PAR] But, as is so often the case, the green grass of the All England Club gave the formerly indomitable German a boost, powering her way to the final. Coming up against friend and rival Gabriela Sabatini, the odds on form were in the Argentine's favour, having beaten Graf in four tournaments in the spring. [PAR] But Graf was always capable of something special at Wimbledon, and so it proved, the German rallying back from dropping the second set, and holding her nerve to win an epic Centre Court final 6-4 3-6 8-6, the longest final for 15 years. [PAR] 1991: Middle Sunday [PAR] One of the wettest first weeks in the tournament's history - just 52 out of about 240 matches were completed by Thursday evening - prompted the decision to stage play on the traditional day off, the Middle Sunday. Gabriela Sabatini and Andrea Strnadova emerged from their dressing room on to Centre Court for their third-round noon showdown. They were greeted by a packed stadium,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manfred Gerlach: Last head of state of East Germany ... Manfred Gerlach: Last head of state of East Germany | The Independent [PAR] Manfred Gerlach: Last head of state of East Germany [PAR] [PAR] Tuesday 25 October 2011 17:08 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Served the GDR's communist leadership loyally: Gerlach in 1998 AP [PAR] Manfred Gerlach served from 6 December 1989 until March 1990 as the head of state of East Germany, the German Democratic Republic (GDR). He had replaced the last Communist to hold the post, Egon Krenz, who had only held it from 24 October. [PAR] In between, the Berlin Wall had been opened on 9 November and mass demonstrations were taking place all over the GDR. Gerlach was considered acceptable to the reformist wing of the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED). Influenced by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, and growing discontent in the GDR, Gerlach had caused a stir when, on 13 October 1989, he called into question the leading role of the ruling SED. Few had expected this, because for most of his career he had played a willing part in the pseudo-democracy of Communist-dominated East Germany. He led the so-called Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD) from 1954 to February 1990. [PAR] Gerlach was born in Leipzig on 8 May 1928, the son of a skilled engineering worker. After attending local schools he got work as a legal clerk. In 1943, he founded an illegal anti-Nazi youth group. He was subsequently arrested, in March 1944, and was lucky he escaped a death sentence. On his 17th birthday, the Germans signed the unconditional surrender. The Americans had occupied Leipzig in the previous month, remaining until July when the Soviets took over. He was reinstated in his post and became a founding member of the Free German Youth and the LDPD. [PAR] By 1948 it was clear that the LDPD and the other non-communist parties would be subject to the leading role of the SED. Some of the top members of the LDPD fled to West Germany, but Gerlach stayed on, gaining rapid promotion. When the East German state was established in 1949 he became, aged 21, a member of the Volkskammer, the parliament. From 1951 to 1954 he studied law at the German Academy of State Sciences and Law. In 1964 he was awarded a doctorate. [PAR] As general secretary of the LDPD, from 1954, Gerlach was de facto party leader. Between 1967 and 1990 he was its chairman. His party was one of four satellite parties \u2013 Christian Democrats, the Farmers Party and the National Democrats were the others \u2013 \u201celected\u201d to the GDR parliament in the non-competitive elections. Like the other leaders, he was a member of the Council of State, in theory the collective head of state. Their task internally was to reconcile the remnants of the middle and professional classes and Christians to the regime. Externally, the job was to cultivate relations with non-communist parties in Western countries, including NATO states. Among Gerlach\u2019s targets were the British Liberal Party and the West German Free Democrats. Contacts with Western peace groups and Christians were also sought. [PAR] Gerlach served the communist leaders Walter Ulbricht and then, from 1971, Erich Honecker loyally, whatever the twists and turns of policy. They in turn implemented the wishes of the men in Moscow \u2013 Stalin, Malenkov, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko \u2013 in the GDR. The trouble started when Mikhail Gorbachev took over as General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985 and introduced glasnost and perestroika. Increasingly,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Babe's Last Game | Philadelphia Athletics The Babe\u2019s Last Game | Philadelphia Athletics [PAR] Philadelphia Athletics [PAR] The Babe\u2019s Last Game [PAR] By Bob Warrington [PAR] Hollywood has twice portrayed the life of Babe Ruth in major motion pictures. The first, \u201cThe Babe Ruth Story,\u201d done in 1948, starred William Bendix as the Bambino. Generally regarded as a terrible film with Bendix horribly miscast in the lead role, the film sugar coated Ruth\u2019s life beyond recognition. Hollywood\u2019s second effort at telling the Babe\u2019s life was filmed in 1992. Called, \u201cThe Babe,\u201d it starred John Goodman as the Sultan of the Swat and received more favorable reviews, with Leonard Maltin calling it \u201cagreeably sentimental.\u201d Maltin also notes, however, that \u201cfacts are tampered with and often ignored\u201d in both films. That is certainly true in how they overlook reality in depicting Ruth\u2019s last game as a Major Leaguer. [PAR] A Last Hurrah [PAR] In 1935, Babe Ruth was forty years old, in poor physical shape, and playing out the string with the Boston Braves. On May 25, 1935, with the team on a road trip and playing at Forbes File in Pittsburgh, Ruth hammered three home runs and a single, driving in six runs. The last, off pitcher Guy Bush, was the 714th of Ruth\u2019s career and the first ball ever to be hit completely over Forbes Field\u2019s right-field roof (added to the ballpark in 1925). Thanks to Hollywood, many people believe that was Ruth\u2019s final Major League game\u2014circling the bases in triumph one last time before going into the dugout, entering the clubhouse, and calling it a career. The scene, undoubtedly, provides a storybook conclusion to a fabled tale. Wouldst that it was true; but regrettably, it is not. Maybe Ruth should have called it a career at that point, but perhaps sensing that the old magic was back, he hung around for one more game. [PAR] [PAR] Final Stop [PAR] After leaving Pittsburgh, the Braves next stop on their road trip was Philadelphia. There, they would play the Philadelphia Phillies at Baker Bowl. Like Babe Ruth, Baker Bowl\u2019s days of glory had receded to the past. The ballpark, widely ridiculed for its deteriorating condition, was near the end of its life as the home of a Major League baseball team. The Phillies would finally abandon it mid-way through the 1938 season, moving down Lehigh Avenue to become tenants of the Philadelphia Athletics at Shibe Park. But, there was one more moment of drama to be played out at the old place, mixing both acclamation and pathos. Babe Ruth would provide it on May 30, 1935. [PAR] [PAR] The Braves were scheduled to play the Phillies in a Memorial Day doubleheader. Ruth was inserted in the line-up, batting third and playing leftfield. Coming up to bat in the first inning, Ruth faced Phillies\u2019 pitcher Jim Bivin. 1935 was Bivin\u2019s only year in the Major Leagues, and he played the entire season with the Phillies. He compiled an unenviable 2-9 record for a woeful team that would finish the season in seventh place with a 56-93 record. Bivin, nevertheless, would have the singular distinction of being the last pitcher ever to face Babe Ruth in a Major League game. [PAR] [PAR] At the plate, Ruth grounded out softly to Phillies first baseman Dolph Camilli as the Braves went down without scoring any runs in the inning. Ruth took his customary place in the outfield for the bottom half of the inning. Phillies\u2019 second baseman Lou Chiozza hit a soft fly to leftfield. Ruth came in trying to make the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reagan's Star Wars | Cold War: A Brief History | History ... Reagan's Star Wars | Cold War: A Brief History | History of the Atomic Age | atomicarchive.com [PAR] Cold War: A Brief History [PAR] Cold War: A Brief History [PAR] Reagan's Star Wars [PAR] On March 23, 1983, President Reagan proposed the creation of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), an ambitious project that would construct a space-based anti-missile system. This program was immediately dubbed \"Star Wars.\" [PAR] An artist's rendering of an X-ray laser hit an incoming missile. [PAR] The SDI was intended to defend the United States from attack from Soviet ICBMs by intercepting the missiles at various phases of their flight. For the interception, the SDI would require extremely advanced technological systems, yet to be researched and developed. Among the potential components of the defense system were both space- and earth-based laser battle stations, which, by a combination of methods, would direct their killing beams toward moving Soviet targets. Air-based missile platforms and ground-based missiles using other non-nuclear killing mechanisms would constitute the rear echelon of defense and would be concentrated around such major targets as U.S. ICBM silos. The sensors to detect attacks would be based on the ground, in the air, and in space, and would use radar, optical, and infrared threat-detection systems. [PAR] This system would tip the nuclear balance toward the United States. The Soviets feared that SDI would enable the United States to launch a first-strike against them. Critics pointed to the vast technological uncertainties of the system, in addition to its enormous cost. [PAR] Although work was begun on the program, the technology proved to be too complex and much of the research was cancelled by later administrations. The idea of missile defense system would resurface later as the National Missile Defense. [PAR] Page 20 of 27[DOC] [TLE] Star Wars - The Cold War Museum Cold War Museum [PAR] Back to the 1980s [PAR] The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI): Star Wars [PAR] The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also known as Star Wars, was a program first initiated on March 23, 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union. With the tension of the Cold War looming overhead, the Strategic Defense Initiative was the United States\u2019 response to possible nuclear attacks from afar. Although the program seemed to have no negative consequences, there were concerns brought up about the program \u201ccontravening\u201d the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks years before. For this reason, in conjunction with budgetary constraints, the Strategic Defense Initiative was ultimately set aside. [PAR] The nickname \u201cStar Wars\u201d may have been attached to the program for some of its abstract and farfetched ideas, many of which included lasers. Furthermore, the previously released science fiction movie titled \u201cStar Wars,\u201d caused the public to easily associate this program with new and creative technologies. \u201cThe weapons required included space- and ground-based nuclear X-ray lasers, subatomic particle beams, and computer-guided projectiles fired by electromagnetic rail guns\u2014all under the central control of a supercomputer system.\u201d By using these systems, the United States planned to intercept intercontinental ballistic missiles while they still flew high above the Earth, minimizing their effects. However, there was a large power requirement for these types of weapons \u2014 power requirements so vast that nuclear power was the method of choice. Thus, as the reality of creating numerous nuclear plants diminished, so did the ambitious designs. By the end of SDI, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nuclear explosion at Chernobyl - Apr 26, 1986 - HISTORY.com Nuclear explosion at Chernobyl - Apr 26, 1986 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Nuclear explosion at Chernobyl [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1986, the world\u2019s worst nuclear accident to date occurs at the Chernobyl nuclear plant near Kiev in Ukraine. The full toll from this disaster is still being tallied, but experts believe that thousands of people died and as many as 70,000 suffered severe poisoning. In addition, a large area of land may not be livable for as much as 150 years. The 18-mile radius around Chernobyl was home to almost 150,000 people who had to be permanently relocated. [PAR] The Soviet Union built the Chernobyl plant, which had four 1,000-megawatt reactors, in the town of Pripyat. At the time of the explosion, it was one of the largest and oldest nuclear power plants in the world. The explosion and subsequent meltdown of one reactor was a catastrophic event that directly affected hundreds of thousands of people. Still, the Soviet government kept its own people and the rest of the world in the dark about the accident until days later. [PAR] At first, the Soviet government only asked for advice on how to fight graphite fires and acknowledged the death of two people. It soon became apparent, however, that the Soviets were covering up a major accident and had ignored their responsibility to warn both their own people and surrounding nations. Two days after the explosion, Swedish authorities began measuring dangerously high levels of radioactivity in their atmosphere. [PAR] Years later, the full story was finally released. Workers at the plant were performing tests on the system. They shut off the emergency safety systems and the cooling system, against established regulations, in preparation for the tests. Even when warning signs of dangerous overheating began to appear, the workers failed to stop the test. Xenon gases built up and at 1:23 a.m. the first explosion rocked the reactor. A total of three explosions eventually blew the 1,000-ton steel top right off of the reactor. [PAR] A huge fireball erupted into the sky. Flames shot 1,000 feet into the air for two days, as the entire reactor began to melt down. Radioactive material was thrown into the air like fireworks. Although firefighting was futile, Pripyat\u2019s 40,000 people were not evacuated until 36 hours after the explosion. Potentially lethal rain fell as the fires continued for eight days. Dikes were built at the Pripyat River to contain damage from contaminated water run-off and the people of Kiev were warned to stay indoors as a radioactive cloud headed their way. [PAR] On May 9, workers began encasing the reactor in concrete. Later, Hans Blix of the International Atomic Energy Agency confirmed that approximately 200 people were directly exposed and that 31 had died immediately at Chernobyl. The clean-up effort and the general radioactive exposure in the region, however, would prove to be even more deadly. Some reports estimate that as many as 4,000 clean-up workers died from radiation poisoning. Birth defects among people living in the area have increased dramatically. Thyroid cancer has increased tenfold in Ukraine since the accident. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anwar Sadat, president of Egypt, is assassinated in 1981 ... Anwar Sadat, president of Egypt, is assassinated in 1981 - NY Daily News [PAR] Mohammed Anwar Sadat, president of Egypt, is assassinated in 1981 [PAR] Anwar Sadat, president of Egypt, is assassinated in 1981 [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] In this Oct. 6, 1981 photo, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is seen on the reviewing stand during a military parade just before soldiers opened fire from a truck during the parade killing Sadat. [PAR] (BILL FOLEY/AP) [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] Tuesday, October 6, 2015, 1:43 PM [PAR] (Originally published by the Daily News on October 7, 1981. This story was written by Charles W. Bell.) [PAR] Mohammed Anwar Sadat did not come to power as a man of peace, but it was as a peacemaker of unprecedented boldness - and unprecedented courage - that the world will remember him. [PAR] It was in the cause of peace, and at a grave personal risk that he acknowledged and accepted, that Sadat undertook his breathtaking initiatives to pull Arabs and Jews back from the brink of war that always seems a single bullet away in the Middle East. [PAR] He managed it partly because, as ruler of Egypt, he also was the unelected but traditional chief spokesman for the world, and partly because of his own enigmatic, pragmatic and visionary policies. [PAR] In contrast to most Arab rulers, and his own early life, he took a long view of Middle East politics and sensed, better than most, the changes in the winds of international affairs. [PAR] His life was a drama that took him from a dusty village on the banks of his beloved River Nile to the great halls of international power. As a young man, he preached bloodshed and spent years in prison. By the time of his death, he was wily cosmopolitan who masked his ruthlessness behind an easy smile and puffs of smoke from a favorite briar pipe - and who veered wildly but sincerely between stern paternalism and experiments in democracy. [PAR] He veered politically, too, turning first West, then East, then West again in his quest for the economic and political help that Egypt needed so desperately. At the end, he was firmly committed to the West. [PAR] And running through his life was a thread of irony and luck that sometimes seemed the stuff of fiction. [PAR] The New York Daily News published this article on Oct. 7, 1981. [PAR] (New York Daily News) [PAR] The New York Daily News published this article on Oct. 7, 1981. [PAR] (New York Daily News) [PAR] The boldest, most risky venture of his life took him to Israel itself in 1977 for the first public, face-to-face meeting between an Israeli and Arab leader. It was a visit that raised peace hopes enormously - and stirred intense hatred toward Sadat by the militants and radicals of the Arab world. [PAR] At the end of the historic - and for once, the word seemed inadequate - visit, Sadat and Menachem Begin, whose nations had fought four wars in the previous 25 years, including one that had ended only four years earlier, pledged never to war again. It electrified the world and led, two years later, to a historic agreement at Camp David that formally put that pledge in writing. And it led to a Nobel Peace Prize, shared with Begin. [PAR] It was the ultimate irony of his life because, as a young man, Sadat was an avowed terrorist who fought to drive the British from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thriller (1982) - Steve Lukather Official Website Steve Lukather Official Website - Thriller [PAR] Thriller [PAR] Buy on iTunes [PAR] In 1982 Michael Jackson released the world's largest selling album of all time, Thriller. This album produced 7 hit singles, breaking yet again more records, and went on to sell over 50 million copies worldwide. Michael was keen to use music video or short films as he called them to promote his singles from the album. He worked with the best directors and producers, using the latest technology and special effects for the hit song Billie Jean. The short film Thriller used the latest make-up artists technolgy combined with fantastic dancing and choreography, to produce a 14 minute video, with a start, a middle and an ending. So successful was this video that The making of Michael Jackson's Thriller became the world's largest selling home video combined with soaring album sales. In 1983 Michael performed the now legendary moonwalk for the first time on the 'Motown 25 years' anniversary show. This performance alone set Michael undoubtable into the realm of a superstar. In 1984 Michael won a record breaking 8 Grammy awards in one night. The awards were for his work on the Thriller album and his work on the narrative for the ET Storybook. [PAR] Rock guitarist Eddie Van Halen was interviewed by Rolling Stone magazine in 1984. In the interview, he explained why he didn't ask for any royalties over the sales of Beat it, the song on which he plays a guitar solo. \"I did it as a favor. I didn't want anything. Maybe Michael will give me dance lessons someday. I was a complete fool, according to the rest of the band [Van Halen], our manager and everybody else. I was not used. I knew what I was doing. I don't do something unless I want to do it.\" [PAR] Steve Lukather: \"Quincy Jones and Michael took a skeleton version of Beat it up to Eddie Van Halen's place as they wanted him to solo over the verse section. However, he played over a section that had more chord changes. So to fit his solo to where it went in the song, they had to cut the tape which took a lot of time to synchronise together.\" [PAR] \"After they had managed this, Jeff Porcaro and me were called in to bind Eddie's solo and some haphazard percussion which was a major headache. Initially, we rocked it out as Eddie had played a good solo but Quincy thought it too tough. So I had to reduce the distorted guitar sound and this is what was released. It was a huge R&B/rock success for us all really and helped pave the way for the bands of today that fuse these styles.\" [PAR] Steve Lukather in 2004: \"I was doing all of Quincy Jones' records back then. I wanted to be a part of this one as Michael was way hot after Off the wall. I remember having a lot of fun and the music was good. Funny story: I was in the house band for the Grammy's \"Album of the year\" three years in a row. Quincy's The dude record, Toto IV, then Thriller. It was happening big time back then. The last great era of the 'session guy' scene. I had a blast at that time as we were doing almost every record that came out of LA. We took a lot of shit from the press for it; still do, but 28 years later I am still working!!!\" [PAR] Tracklist [PAR] Wanna be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mikhail Gorbachev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mikhail Gorbachev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Mikhail Gorbachev [PAR] none (Soviet Union abolished, Boris Yeltsin as President of Russia ) [PAR] Born [PAR] ( help \u00b7 info ) [PAR] , Mihail Sergeevi\u010d Gorba\u010d\u00ebv, IPA : [m\u02b2\u026ax\u028c\u02c8il s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8g\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026a\u02a8 g\u0259rb\u028c\u02c8\u02a8of], commonly written as Mikhail Gorbachev; born March 2 , 1931 ) was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. His attempts at reform helped to end the Cold War , and also ended the political supremacy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and dissolved the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ edit ] Early life [PAR] Mikhail Gorbachev was born on 2 March 1931 in the village of Privolnoye near Stavropol , the son of a Russian agricultural mechanic Sergey Gorbachyov and Maria Pantelyeva. [1] He faced a tough childhood under the totalitarian leadership of Josef Stalin ; his grandparents were deported for being wealthy farmers known as kulaks [ citation needed ]. He lived through World War II , during which, starting in August 1942, German troops occupied Stavropol . Although they would leave by February 1943, the occupation increased the hardship of the community and left a deep impression on the young Gorbachev. [1] From 1946 through 1950, he worked during the summers as an assistant combine harvester operator at the collective farms in his area. [1] He would take an increasing part in promoting peasant labour, which he describes as \"very hard\" because of enforced state quotas and taxes on private plots. Furthermore, as peasants were not issued passports, their only opportunity to leave their peasant existence was through enlisting in 'orgnabor' (organised recruitment) labour projects, which prompts Gorbachev to ask \"what difference was there between this life and serfdom?\". [2] [PAR] [ edit ] Political career [PAR] Despite the hardship of his background, Gorbachev excelled in the fields and in the classroom. He was considered the most intelligent in his class [ citation needed ], with a particular interest in history and math. After he left school he helped his father harvest a record crop on his collective farm . So, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour , aged just 16 (1947). It was rare for someone his age to be given such an honour. It was almost certainly this award, coupled with his intelligence that helped secure his place at Moscow University , where he studied law from September 1950. [1] Gorbachev may never have intended to practice law however, but simply have seen it as preparation for working in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). He became a candidate member of the Party that same year. [1] While living in Moscow, he met his future wife, Raisa Maksimovna Titarenko . [1] They married on the 25th September 1953 and moved to Gorbachev's home region of Stavropol in southern Russia when he graduated in June 1955, where he immersed himself in party work. [1] Upon graduating, he briefly worked in the Prokuratura (Soviet State Procuracy) before transferring to the Komsomol , or Communist Union of Youth. He served as First Secretary of the Stavropol City Komsomol Committee from September, 1956, later moving up to the Stavropol Krai (regional) Komsomol Committee, where he worked as Second Secretary from April 1958 and as First Secretary from March 1961. [1] Raisa would give birth to their first child, a daughter, Irina, on 6th January 1957. [2] [PAR] He attended the important"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iraq invaded Kuwait - PBS FRONTLINE/WORLD . Iraq - Saddam's Road to Hell - A journey into the killing fields . PBS [PAR] Al\u0096Sadr Killings [PAR] In the early hours of August 2, 1990, more than 100,000 Iraqi troops moved tanks, helicopters and trucks across the border into Kuwait. Iraq maintained the world\u0092s fourth\u0096largest military and had mobilized an overwhelming invading force. Within an hour, they reached Kuwait City, and by daybreak, Iraqi tanks were attacking Dasman Palace, the royal residence. The emir had already fled into the Saudi desert, but his private guard and his younger half\u0096brother, Sheik Faud al\u0096Ahmad al\u0096Sabah, had stayed behind to defend their home. The sheik was shot and killed, and according to an Iraqi soldier who deserted after the assault, his body was placed in front of a tank and run over. [PAR] It was Saddam\u0092s idea alone to invade Kuwait. He had gambled that he could get away with seizing the tiny oil\u0096rich nation to help pay off debts. But his gamble did not pay off \u0096\u0096 he had misread the interests of the international community and the United States in a stable Middle East. After the invasion, Saddam defied orders to retreat and the U.N. imposed sanctions. After months of deliberations and with U.N. support, the United States and international Coalition forces launched a full\u0096scale air and missile attack on Iraq on January 16, 1991. A ground assault followed a month later, and Saddam\u0092s troops were quickly forced out of Kuwait. The United Nations declared an end to the war on April 11, 1991. [PAR] Charges and evidence [PAR] The Iraqi military allegedly committed crimes while in Kuwait. Evidence suggests that it tortured and killed hundreds of Kuwaiti nationals and people from other nations. Foreign hostages were taken, Kuwaiti properties were looted, and Iraqi forces set fire to more than 700 Kuwaiti oil wells and opened pipelines to let oil pour into the Gulf. In addition to these crimes, Saddam may be tried for the crime of aggression. An Iraqi law dating back to the 1950s prohibits the act of aggressive war against other Arab countries."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Live Blog - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 - Official ... Live Blog - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] \u2014 Jon Wertheim (@jon_wertheim) July 11, 2015 [PAR] Trophy time [PAR] 21:26 [PAR] Hingis and Mirza's faces must be aching, their smiles are so wide. A very healthy crowd - no doubt giddy on a sensational day's tennis (and Pimm's) - stick around to cheer our new ladies' doubles champions, who collect their trophies from the Royal Box. [PAR] 21:24 [PAR] #Wimbledon champs today: Serena Williams, 33 Tecau, 30/Jean-Julien Roger 33 Hingis, 34/Mirza, 28 That's 158 years of epic #tennis , y'all! [PAR] \u2014 Nick McCarvel (@NickMcCarvel) July 11, 2015 [PAR] 21:22 [PAR] Winning a @Wimbledon title 17 years after winning your last is pretty incredible! Amazing from @mhingis ! #Wimbledon [PAR] \u2014 Siobhan Chamberlain (@Sio_Chamberlain) July 11, 2015 [PAR] HINGIS AND MIRZA WIN! [PAR] 21:19 [PAR] Vesnina wallops one over the baseline, Hingis is fist-pumping. It's TRIPLE MATCH POINT. Amid one of the best atmospheres we've witnessed this fortnight, Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza seal the title! They are Wimbledon champions: Mirza for the first time, Hingis for the first time in 17 years. Wow. [PAR] Stand by [PAR] 21:17 [PAR] Martina Hingis is serving for her first Wimbledon title since 1998 - which is literally ages ago. [PAR] Hingis/Mirza *5-7 7-6 6-5 Makarova/Vesnina [PAR] 21:13 [PAR] Yes, Sarah Holt has left The Bunker. Apparently, nine hours of live blogging is enough. I don't know, they don't make live bloggers like they used to... So, it's me, Caroline Cheese, to take you through the rest of this doubles dramarama on a lidded Centre Court. Maybe not for much longer though, a hugely pumped-up Mirza and Hingis - roared on by the crowd - have just broken in the first game after the delay. [PAR] 21:12 [PAR] And they're back... [PAR] 21:08 [PAR] As darkness falls outside, the roof wends its away across Centre Court and as promised, the players are back out and warming up. When we go again, Vesnina will serve with the scores locked at 5-5 in the third. [PAR] Play suspended while the roof is closed [PAR] 20:53 [PAR] And the voice of Wimbledon announces that play on Centre Court will be suspended while the roof is closed. When the lid is in place we will be able to turn on the lights for the late evening play. We will now have a break of about 10 minutes. Stand by. [PAR] Hingis/Mirza 5-7 7-6 5-5* Makarova/Vesnina [PAR] 20:51 [PAR] Another tense game on Centre Court with the momentum see-sawing both ways. Sania Mirza holds with a sensational cross-court fizzer to level the third set at 5-5. [PAR] 20:47 [PAR] Sania Mirza is serving to level the third set and to keep her title hopes alive. Ekaterina Makarova sends a volley across court at 15-15. Martina Hingis reaches for an intercept at 30-15 but Mirza pumps long at 40-30 and then nets for deuce. Hold on.... [PAR] Hingis and Mirza break back [PAR] 20:41 [PAR] What nerves from Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina - but what steel from Sania Mirza and Martina Hingis. From 0-40 the Russian pairing recover to deuce when Mirza goes long with the forehand and responds with a sigh of despair. The Indian whips over a fizzing return for another break chance and this time Martina Hingis pounces on a volley to break back. [PAR] Hingis holds but Makarova will serve for the title [PAR] 20:38 [PAR] Martina Hingis holds at 5-3 but the Russians will now serve"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Marley dies - May 11, 1981 - HISTORY.com Bob Marley dies - May 11, 1981 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Bob Marley dies [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In what would prove to be the next to the last concert of his tragically short life, Bob Marley shared the bill at Madison Square Garden with the hugely popular American funk band The Commodores. With no costumes, no choreography and no set design to speak of, \u201cThe reggae star had the majority of his listeners on their feet and in the palm of his hand,\u201d according to New York Times critic Robert Palmer. \u201cAfter this show of strength, and Mr. Marley\u2019s intense singing and electric stage presence, the Commodores were a letdown.\u201d Only days after his triumphant shows in New York City, Bob Marley collapsed while jogging in Central Park and later received a grim diagnosis: a cancerous growth on an old soccer injury on his big toe had metastasized and spread to Marley\u2019s brain, liver and lungs. Less than eight months later, on May 11, 1981, Bob Marley, the soul and international face of reggae music, died in a Miami, Florida, hospital. He was only 36 years old. [PAR] Nesta Robert Marley was born on February 6, 1945, in rural St. Ann Parish, Jamaica, the son of a middle-aged white Jamaican Marine officer and an 18-year-old black Jamaican girl. At the age of nine, Marley moved to Trench Town, a tough West Kingston ghetto where he would meet and befriend Neville \u201cBunny\u201d Livingston (later Bunny Wailer) and Peter McIntosh (later Peter Tosh) and drop out of school at age 14 to make music. Jamaica at the time was entering a period of incredible musical creativity. As transistor radios became available on an island then served only by a staid, BBC-style national radio station, the music of America suddenly became accessible via stateside radio stations. From a mix of New Orleans-style rhythm and blues and indigenous, African-influenced musical traditions arose first ska, then rock steady\u2014precursor styles to reggae, which did not take shape as a recognizable style of its own until the late 1960s. [PAR] Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer performed together as The Wailers throughout this period, coming into their own as a group just as reggae became the dominant sound in Jamaica. Thanks to the international reach of Island Records, the Wailers came to the world\u2019s attention in the early 1970s via their albums Catch a Fire (1972) and Burnin\u2019 (1973). Eric Clapton spread the group\u2019s name even wider by recording a pop-friendly version of \u201cI Shot The Sheriff\u201d from the latter album. With the departure of Tosh and Wailer in 1974, Marley took center stage in the group, and by the late 70s he had turned out a string of albums\u2014 Exodus (1977), featuring \u201cJamming,\u201d \u201cWaiting In Vain\u201d and \u201cOne Love/People Get Ready;\u201d Kaya (1978), featuring \u201cIs This Love\u201d and \u201cSun Is Shining\u201d; and Uprising (1980), featuring \u201cCould You Be Loved\u201d and \u201cRedemption Song.\u201d [PAR] While none of the aforementioned songs was anything approaching a hit in the United States during Bob Marley\u2019s lifetime, they constitute a legacy that has only increased his fame in the years since his death on this day in 1981. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Elephant Man (1980) - IMDb The Elephant Man (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A Victorian surgeon rescues a heavily disfigured man who is mistreated while scraping a living as a side-show freak. Behind his monstrous facade, there is revealed a person of intelligence and sensitivity. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 18 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 20 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 06 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 05 Dec 2015 [PAR] Title: The Elephant Man (1980) [PAR] 8.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 8 Oscars. Another 10 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The discovery of a severed human ear found in a field leads a young man on an investigation related to a beautiful, mysterious nightclub singer and a group of psychopathic criminals who have kidnapped her child. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] Henry Spencer tries to survive his industrial environment, his angry girlfriend, and the unbearable screams of his newly born mutant child. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] After a bizarre encounter at a party, a jazz saxophonist is framed for the murder of his wife and sent to prison, where he inexplicably morphs into a young mechanic and begins leading a new life. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] After a car wreck on the winding Mulholland Drive renders a woman amnesiac, she and a perky Hollywood-hopeful search for clues and answers across Los Angeles in a twisting venture beyond dreams and reality. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] As an actress starts to adopt the persona of her character in a film, her world starts to become nightmarish and surreal. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] Young lovers Sailor and Lula run from the variety of weirdos that Lula's mom has hired to kill Sailor. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] An old man makes a long journey by lawn-mover tractor to mend his relationship with an ill brother. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] A young FBI agent disappears while investigating a murder miles from Twin Peaks that may be related to the future murder of Laura Palmer; the last week of the life of Laura Palmer is chronicled. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] An emotionally self-destructive boxer's journey through life, as the violence and temper that leads him to the top in the ring destroys his life outside it. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small industrial town in Pennsylvania. [PAR] Director: Michael Cimino [PAR] A man seeks answers about life, death, and the existence of God as he plays chess against the Grim Reaper during the Black Plague. [PAR] Director: Ingmar Bergman [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mexico History - Culture, Religion and Lifestyle in Mexico Mexico City History | Culture | Religion | MexicoCity.com [PAR] Blog [PAR] Mexico History [PAR] The land of Mexico City has been inhabitated for over 7000 years with the first tribes travelling from Central Europe around 5000 to 300 B.C. Some of the tribes in Mexico City settled around the slopes of mount Benacantil on which today stands the castle of Santa Barbara. The highlight of this mountain was that it wos close to the sea, but yet offered securoty from invaders due to its height. According to some historians, the Iberians (native Spanish) secured the hilltop by fortifying it. [PAR] The Nahua Aztec or Mexica tribe established Mexico City on 18th March 1325 and it became the capital of a sophisticated growing empire. It was originally located on a small island but because of its rapid growth, the city was forced to build artificial islands and a series of canals to absorb the growth of the metropolis. Rulers like Izcoatl, Moctezuma I, Axayacatl, Tizoc, Ahyuizotl, and Moctezuma II and their groups of eagle-warriors and jaguar-warriors led the city successfully with a pre-Colombian civilization. [PAR] In 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes entered the area. He acquired the city on 13th August 1521 and in 1524, it was rebuilt as the capital of the viceroyalty of New Spain. It was the political and cultural centre of Mexico and the administration of Guatemala, Yucatan, Cuba, Florida and Philippines was carried out from the city. The baroque Metropolitan Cathedral and the Basilica of Guadalupe were built during this period. [PAR] The area was under the Spanish rule and when Napoleon acquired Spain in 1808, the people of Mexico started to act for the self-rule under a Catholic priest named Father Miguel de Hidalgo Y Costilla. He led an armed revolution in 1810. This war of independence ended as Mexico became the host of the first ruler of the Mexican Empire, Agustin de Iturbide and the nation became a republic in March 1823. Then in 1824, the new government was established, the Mexican Federal District by the signing of their new constitution. The two-year war with the United States ended in 1848, after losing half of the country to the United States. [PAR] Benito Juarez led the War of Reform which lasted from 1858 to 1861 and he captured the city in 1867. However, in 1871, Porfirio Diaz succeeded to overthrow the government and then the city was under the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz for three decades. During this period the French influence was forced out of Mexico City. The gold Angel of Independence was built under his administration to celebrate the first centenary of the beginning of the War of Independence. In February 1913, Mexico City suffered from the Decena Tragica, a battle between Francisco I. Madero's forces and Felix Diaz's, which destroyed many parts of the city. [PAR] The post-revolutionary government reinforced the importance of the city. In the late 20th century, Mexico City experienced most of its growth in population. In 1950, the city had a population of around 3 million. [PAR] Mexico City was the host for the Olympic Games in 1968 and FIFA World Cup in 1970. The city was hit by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale on 19th September 1985 at 07.19 am. It resulted in the deaths of around 5,000 people leaving around 90,000 people homeless. Mexico city again experienced an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 after 36 hours. However, it hosted the FIFA World Cup again in 1986 showing a rapid"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Periodic Table of Rejected Element Names - Compound Interest Compound Interest - A Periodic Table of Rejected Element Names [PAR] A Periodic Table of Rejected Element Names [PAR] Click to enlarge [PAR] Extremium, catium, cyclonium and pandemonium: elements that you won\u2019t find in the periodic table in classrooms and laboratories. However, they\u2019re all names that have been suggested but rejected for elements in years gone by. This table takes a look at some of the different names that have been suggested or used in the past for various elements; below, we examine their origins, and the reasons for their rejection. [PAR] The research for this post was primarily done using \u201cThe Lost Elements: The Periodic Table\u2019s Shadow Side\u201d , which details the history of erroneous element discoveries and naming controversies. It\u2019s well worth checking out for a lot more detail on the history of some of the names featured here, as well as that of many more. [PAR] Element 4: Glucinium (Beryllium) [PAR] The French chemist, Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, examined both emerald and beryl and correctly reported that they contained a new element in 1798. He named this element glucine, with the symbol Gl, but as this name was very similar to that of the amino acid glycine it was criticised. When the first samples of the element were later isolated in 1828, the acceptance of the name beryllium, suggested by another chemist, Martin Henrich Klaproth, became more widespread. However, it wasn\u2019t until 1949 that IUPAC ruled the element should be exclusively called beryllium. [PAR] Element 5: Boracium (Boron) [PAR] Boron was isolated at the same time by the French chemists Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Th\u00e9nard, as well as the English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy, in 1808. Davy proposed the name of boracium for the element, which was eventually modified to boron. [PAR] Element 7: Azote (Nitrogen) [PAR] Antoine Lavoisier discovered element 7 in 1776, and later proposed the name azote. Other chemists weren\u2019t enamoured with this name, however, and it eventually became nitrogen. [PAR] Element 9: Fluore (Fluorine) [PAR] Though chemists didn\u2019t isolate fluorine until 1886, in 1816 Andr\u00e9-Marie Amp\u00e8re proposed that hydrofluoric acid, like hydrochloric acid, was a binary compound consisting of hydrogen and another element. He proposed the name of fluor or phtore for this element, but left the choice to the English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy, with whom he had corresponded on the subject. This eventually became the element\u2019s current name, fluorine. [PAR] Element 10: Novum (Neon) [PAR] Neon was discovered by the Scottish scientist Sir William Ramsay, who also discovered all of the other elements in group 18 of the periodic table (bar the recently discovered element 118). He discovered neon in 1898, and decided to use as the element\u2019s name the suggestion of his 13 year old son, \u2018novum\u2019. However, Ramsay wanted the name to be derived from Greek, like the other noble gases he had discovered, so he made the slight modification to the element\u2019s current name, neon. [PAR] Element 12: Magnium (Magnesium) [PAR] Sir Humphrey Davy isolated magnesium in 1808, and called it magnium. He named it this, rather than magnesium after the oxide from which it had been obtained (magnesia alba), because he didn\u2019t want the name to be confused with that of another element, manganese. However, the name magnesium persisted, though magnium is still used in some countries. Talcinium was another suggested name, which came later in 1828, though this wasn\u2019t a suggestion that was given serious credence. [PAR] Element 21: Gadenium (Scandium) [PAR] In 1886, a Scotsman, Alexander Pringle, claimed to have discovered four new elements,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Twenty years after he was freed, Terry Waite makes his ... Twenty years after he was freed, Terry Waite makes his peace with Hezbollah | The Independent [PAR] Twenty years after he was freed, Terry Waite makes his peace with Hezbollah [PAR] Former hostage meets captors during return to Lebanon [PAR] Sunday 9 December 2012 21:15 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Terry Waite today was on captivity in Lebanon for years PA [PAR] For a man used to spending time in solitary confinement, Terry Waite could be forgiven for feeling very alone as he was shuttled to a secret location in Beirut for talks with the group thought to be responsible for his kidnapping 25 years ago. [PAR] When the author and humanitarian last visited the city's southern suburbs he was forced to spend 1,760 days locked in a cramped cell, being subjected to mock executions and beatings while chained to a radiator. [PAR] But under the cover of darkness on Monday last week, he returned to Lebanon offering forgiveness and reconciliation to his captors, a quarter of a century after he was kidnapped and tortured by associates of the militant group Hezbollah. [PAR] Mr Waite, now 73, held talks with Ammar Moussawi, Hezbollah's senior foreign affairs official. It was his first time in the area since 1991. [PAR] At about 10pm he was taken to a secret location in the city's suburbs, with the meeting held at about 11pm. He said the rendezvous had been confirmed only at the last moment, which was \"often how Hezbollah works\". [PAR] \"My first reason for the visit is to say the past is the past,\" Mr Waite told Mr Moussawi, surrounded by Hezbollah flags. He added: \"Let us leave it.\" [PAR] During the meeting Mr Moussawi denied Hezbollah was responsible for his kidnapping. [PAR] Mr Waite travelled to Lebanon in 1987 as the special envoy of the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, hoping to secure the release of the British journalist John McCarthy and other Western captives. [PAR] But he was accused of being an agent acting for the CIA and was himself kidnapped. In the first year of his captivity Mr Waite was kept in solitary confinement, chained to a radiator for 23 hours a day. [PAR] He communicated with other hostages in the cell next door by tapping on the wall using a rudimentary code. Mr Waite conceded that last week's meeting was not without \"a degree of risk\", but that he had to \"trust\" in Hezbollah. [PAR] The powerful political and military Shia Muslim part of Lebanon's government is regarded by some in the West as a terrorist group. The US has claimed its political wing is a terrorist organisation as well as its military arm. [PAR] Speaking about his latest visit, which was first reported by the Sunday Telegraph, Mr Waite said there would be accusations that he was consorting with terrorists. [PAR] \"I would remind such accusers that Hezbollah has grown into a fully-fledged political party with seats in Lebanon's parliament and is now in a unique position to work for peace in the region,\" he said. [PAR] \"I met with them quite prepared to put my own sufferings in the past. The only way forward is by the pathway of forgiveness, which is a difficult and dangerous road.\" [PAR] His reconciliation was an attempt to highlight the plight of Christians who have been forced to flee their homeland by the civil war in Syria. Hezbollah has forged an unlikely alliance with the Free Patriotic Movement, Lebanon's largest Christian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cordell Hull - People - Department History - Office of the ... Cordell Hull - People - Department History - Office of the Historian [PAR] Cordell Hull - People - Department History [PAR] Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Cordell Hull (1871\u20131955) [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Cordell Hull was appointed Secretary of State by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 4, 1933, and served until November 20, 1944. Hull holds the distinction of being the longest-serving U.S. Secretary of State. [PAR] Cordell Hull, 47th Secretary of State [PAR] Rise to Prominence [PAR] Hull was born on October 2, 1871, near Byrdstown, Tennessee. Although Hull gained admission to the Tennessee bar in 1892 and was appointed a circuit judge in 1903, his great passion was politics. [PAR] Following service on his county\u2019s Democratic Party Executive Committee and in the Tennessee State legislature, Hull was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1906. Hull\u2019s career was nearly derailed when he lost his congressional seat during the Republican Party landslide of 1920. Nevertheless, Hull remained at the center of national politics by becoming Chairman of the Democratic National Committee in 1921 and returned to Congress after a two-year absence. [PAR] In 1928, Hull sought the Democratic Party\u2019s Vice Presidential nomination. Although his bid was unsuccessful, he did secure the support of the Democratic nominee for the governorship of New York, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. [PAR] Four years later, as a U.S. Senator, Hull repaid the favor when Roosevelt sought the Presidential nomination. In return for his backing and in order to firm up his support amongst Southern Democrats, President Roosevelt appointed Hull as his Secretary of State. [PAR] Influence on American Diplomacy [PAR] As Secretary of State, Hull\u2019s role in U.S. foreign policymaking was greatly circumscribed by President Roosevelt. Hull nonetheless achieved prominence as an advocate of trade liberalization, closer relations with Latin America, and a postwar multinational institution to promote peace and security. [PAR] Although President Roosevelt typically represented the United States at the major conferences with Allied leaders during the Second World War, Hull took the lead in attempting to delay war with Japan following its invasion of China. He was also a strong supporter of President Roosevelt\u2019s \u201cGood Neighbor\u201d policy and became the first sitting Secretary of State to attend the International Conference of American States (precursor to the Organization of American States). At the December 1933 meeting in Montevideo, Uruguay, he announced that the U.S. Government would henceforth observe a policy of \u201cnon-intervention\u201d in the affairs of its neighbors in the Western Hemisphere. [PAR] His greatest contribution to the postwar world came within the realm of international trade. As a firm believer in Woodrow Wilson\u2019s vision of liberal internationalism, Hull believed that free trade promoted international peace and prosperity. He considered high tariff barriers a pressing issue that had contributed to the economic decline leading to the Great Depression and the rise of fascism. [PAR] In 1934, Hull helped secure the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA), which gave the President the authority to personally negotiate bilateral tariff reductions. [PAR] Hull also championed the creation of the United Nations. For his efforts in creating the United Nations, Hull was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945. [PAR] Cordell Hull resigned as Secretary for health reasons on November 30, 1944, but served as a delegate to the United Nations Conference in San Francisco in 1945. He died in Washington, D.C., on July 23, 1955. [PAR] Born 1871 [PAR] Entry on Duty: March 4, 1933 [PAR] Termination of Appointment: November 30, 1944"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Do you know...? - Anti-MyFoxDetroit Do you know...? [PAR] Do you know...? [PAR] 1. Over which country did Pan Am flight 103 crash in December 88? [PAR] 2. Who sang about his Prerogative in the 1980s? [PAR] 3. Which all-girl group had 80s No 1s with Walk Like An Egyptian and Eternal Flame? [PAR] 4. Which sitcom, premiered in 1988, featured Dr. Harry Weston? [PAR] 5. The 1980 Olympics were boycotted because of the USSR's invasion of which country? [PAR] 6. What kind of Boys had an 80s No 1 with West End Girls? [PAR] 7. Anwar Sadat was President of which country when he died in 1981? [PAR] 8. What kind of disaster claimed some 100,000 lives in Armenia in 1988? [PAR] 9. Where in the Ukraine was there a nuclear explosion in 1986? [PAR] 10. Which President of the Philippines was deposed in 1986? [PAR] 11. The increasing scarcity of elephants and rhinos led to a 1989 ban on which substance? [PAR] I'll post the answers on Friday..... [PAR] shockhazard [PAR] Over which country did Pan Am flight 103 crash in December 88? [PAR] A: Scotland. [PAR] Who sang about his Prerogative in the 1980s? [PAR] A: Bobby Brown. [PAR] Which all-girl group had 80s No 1s with Walk Like An Egyptian and Eternal Flame? [PAR] A: Bangles. [PAR] Which sitcom, premiered in 1988, featured Dr. Harry Weston? [PAR] A: Empty Nest. [PAR] The 1980 Olympics were boycotted because of the USSR's invasion of which country? [PAR] A: Afghanistan. [PAR] What kind of Boys had an 80s No 1 with West End Girls? [PAR] A: Pet Shop Boys. [PAR] Anwar Sadat was President of which country when he died in 1981? [PAR] A: Egypt. [PAR] What kind of disaster claimed some 100,000 lives in Armenia in 1988? [PAR] A: Earthquake. [PAR] Where in the Ukraine was there a nuclear explosion in 1986? [PAR] A: Chernobyl. [PAR] Which President of the Philippines was deposed in 1986? [PAR] A: Marcos. [PAR] The increasing scarcity of elephants and rhinos led to a 1989 ban on which substance? [PAR] A: Ivory. [PAR] Where ever you go, there you are.[DOC] [TLE] OPINION: Can Elephants Survive a Continued Ivory Trade Ban? OPINION: Can Elephants Survive a Continued Ivory Trade Ban? \u2013 National Geographic Society (blogs) [PAR] More \u00bb [PAR] By Daniel Stiles [PAR] PART ONE: Here I respond to Christina Russo \u2019s in-depth examination, published in National Geographic News, of one of the more incendiary questions discussed in wildlife conservation circles: Should there be a legal trade in elephant ivory? I discuss some inaccuracies and misconceptions commonly held by ivory trade ban proponents that were quoted in Russo\u2019s article. Following (PART TWO), I lay out for the first time elements that would be included in a legal trade. The outcome, I believe, will be a significant reduction of elephant killing for ivory. [PAR] I live much of the time in a grass-thatched cottage on a wildlife conservancy in Kenya. I have a view of Mount Kenya out front and the Abedares in back. Just off my large compound is a clearing in the bush that used to be a water reservoir, before the earth dam broke. Now dry, except for a small stream that runs through it, the grass, water, and minerals in the patches of bare soil attract almost daily visits from elephants, white and black rhinos, and all manner of other wildlife. [PAR] When I watch the elephant families frolic in the clearing, and see their tusks, I find it hard to imagine that anyone could be so cold-blooded as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sarah Ferguson - Duchess - Biography.com Sarah Ferguson - Duchess - Biography.com [PAR] Sarah Ferguson [PAR] Duchess of York Sarah Ferguson is the ex-wife of Britain's Prince Andrew and is also a children's book author and film producer. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Sarah Ferguson - Royal Wedding (TV-14; 0:27) An inside look at the royal wedding between Sarah Ferguson and Prince Andrew. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born on October 15, 1959 in London, England, Sarah Ferguson married Britain\u2019s Prince Andrew in 1986. The couple divorced ten years later amidst much media tumult. Ferguson has since written children\u2019s books, served as a Weight Watchers representative and done film production work. She has continued to be the object of media scrutiny, having been taped allegedly selling access to her ex-husband. [PAR] Early Years [PAR] Duchess Sarah Margaret Ferguson was born on October 15, 1959, in London, England. The second daughter of Major Ronald Ivor Ferguson, Sarah had a privileged English upbringing, attending private boarding school and becoming an accomplished horseback rider. Her father worked as manager of the Prince of Wales' polo team, so Sarah was acquainted with members of the Royal Family from a young age. Her parents divorced when she was 13 and after graduating from secretarial college, Sarah worked for a public relations firm, an art gallery and a publishing company. [PAR] Duchess of York [PAR] In 1985, Sarah met Prince Andrew, the Duke of York. The couple married the following year in Westminster Abbey and had two children, Beatrice and Eugenie. Dubbed \"Fergie\" by the press, Sarah was often criticized for her extravagant lifestyle and outspoken manner. Marriage trouble began to plague the couple, which is often attributed to Prince Andrew's long trips away while serving in the Royal Navy. In 1992, the couple separated, eventually divorcing in 1996 but continuing to live together in separate living quarters. [PAR] The Duchess of York hosted her own short-lived talk show and appeared in a string of commercials during the 1990s for Weight Watchers. She is the author of an autobiography, some dieting guides and several children's books. [PAR] Fact Check [PAR] We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! [PAR] Citation Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiananmen Square massacre takes place - Jun 04, 1989 ... Tiananmen Square massacre takes place - Jun 04, 1989 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Tiananmen Square massacre takes place [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Tiananmen Square massacre takes place [PAR] Author [PAR] Tiananmen Square massacre takes place [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Chinese troops storm through Tiananmen Square in the center of Beijing, killing and arresting thousands of pro-democracy protesters. The brutal Chinese government assault on the protesters shocked the West and brought denunciations and sanctions from the United States. [PAR] In May 1989, nearly a million Chinese, mostly young students, crowded into central Beijing to protest for greater democracy and call for the resignations of Chinese Communist Party leaders deemed too repressive. For nearly three weeks, the protesters kept up daily vigils, and marched and chanted. Western reporters captured much of the drama for television and newspaper audiences in the United States and Europe. On June 4, 1989, however, Chinese troops and security police stormed through Tiananmen Square, firing indiscriminately into the crowds of protesters. Turmoil ensued, as tens of thousands of the young students tried to escape the rampaging Chinese forces. Other protesters fought back, stoning the attacking troops and overturning and setting fire to military vehicles. Reporters and Western diplomats on the scene estimated that at least 300, and perhaps thousands, of the protesters had been killed and as many as 10,000 were arrested. [PAR] The savagery of the Chinese government\u2019s attack shocked both its allies and Cold War enemies. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev declared that he was saddened by the events in China. He said he hoped that the government would adopt his own domestic reform program and begin to democratize the Chinese political system. In the United States, editorialists and members of Congress denounced the Tiananmen Square massacre and pressed for President George Bush to punish the Chinese government. A little more than three weeks later, the U.S. Congress voted to impose economic sanctions against the People\u2019s Republic of China in response to the brutal violation of human rights. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CNN - Princess Diana dead after Paris car crash - August ... CNN - Princess Diana dead after Paris car crash - August 30, 1997 [PAR] Princess Diana dead after Paris car crash [PAR] Companion Dodi Fayed, chauffeur also killed [PAR] August 31, 1997 [PAR] Web posted at: 6:24 a.m. EDT (1024 GMT) [PAR] In this story: [PAR] Related stories and sites [PAR] PARIS (CNN) -- Britain's Princess Diana died early Sunday at a Paris hospital after suffering massive internal injuries in a high-speed car crash. She was 36. Her companion, Harrod's heir Dodi Fayed , and their chauffeur died at the crash scene. [PAR] Diana, Princess of Wales, died at 4 a.m. after going into cardiac arrest, doctors told a news conference at Paris' Hospital de la Pitie Salpetriere. [PAR] The death was announced at 6 a.m. by Dr. Alain Pavie, head of the cardiology department. [PAR] Prince Charles will fly from Scotland to Paris Sunday to accompany the body of his former wife on its return to Britain. [PAR] Diana and Charles' two sons, Princes William, 15, and Harry, 12, were vacationing with Charles at the royal family's Scottish home at Balmoral. Buckingham Palace said Charles had been notified of the accident and had told the children. [PAR] \"The death of the Princess of Wales fills us all with shock and deep grief,\" said British ambassador Michael Jay, who was at the hospital. [PAR] The princess' death came after she suffered massive internal injuries, including lung damage, Christopher Dickey, Newsweek's Paris bureau chief, told CNN. [PAR] Diana also suffered severe head injuries, hospital officials told CNN. [PAR] Ambulance workers managed to revive her at the crash scene, but her heart stopped beating on arrival at the hospital, said Dr. Bruno Riou, head of the hospital's intensive care unit. [PAR] Surgeons opened Diana's injured chest, closed a wound in her heart and massaged the heart for two hours in a vain battle to save her life, he said. [PAR] \"We could not revive her,\" Riou said. [PAR] Sir Michael Jay, Britain's ambassador to France, expresses his sympathy [PAR] 352 K/29 sec. AIFF or WAV sound [PAR] A fourth person in the car, one of the princess' bodyguards, was seriously injured in the wreck, police said. [PAR] The high-speed crash occurred shortly after midnight in a tunnel along the Seine River at the Pont de l'Alma bridge less than half a mile from the Eiffel Tower, while paparazzi -- the commercial photographers who constantly tailed Diana -- were following her car on motorcycles, police said. [PAR] Diana's car was traveling at 80 mph through the narrow tunnel, a French official said. The driver apparently lost control of the car, according to French radio, which quoted witnesses as saying the car slammed into a concrete support post, then bounced into a wall. [PAR] Eyewitnesses describe the crash scene [PAR] Tom Richardson [PAR] 192 K/15 sec. AIFF or WAV sound [PAR] Mike Walker [PAR] 256 K/18 sec. AIFF or WAV sound [PAR] Several motorcyclists were detained for questioning after the crash, police said. A badly damaged motorcycle was taken from the scene of the accident by police. [PAR] Seven photographers were in custody, police said. [PAR] At least some of the photographers took pictures before help arrived, French radio said, adding that one of the photographers was beaten at the scene by outraged witnesses. [PAR] Dickey said police were expected to press the investigation. [PAR] \"This kind of pursuit of celebrities here in Paris is something I think the French government has never been terribly happy about,\" Dickey said. \"I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Today in Mexican history: the shortest presidency ever (1913) Today in Mexican history: the shortest presidency ever (1913) | and that's the way it was [PAR] and that's the way it was [PAR] Today in Mexican history: the shortest presidency ever (1913) [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by DWD [PAR] I\u2019ve been doing this blog for a while now, so it should be pretty clear that Mexican history is not my area. But some stories are too absurd to pass up. To wit, everybody meet Pedro Lascur\u00e1in: [PAR] Hi, Pedro! [PAR] Pedro Lascur\u00e1in is, to my knowledge, not a household name in the US. He\u2019s probably not even a household name in Mexico, although I have no was of actually knowing that. But my point is that he should be. In this electoral season, when we\u2019re deciding who will spend at least the next four years\u2013ideally\u2013in the White House, when there are presidents in other parts of the world working the system to give themselves a third, fourth, or even fifth term in office, Pedro Lascur\u00e1in has the distinction of heading the shortest-lived presidential administration in history. Ever. Anywhere. [PAR] His entire term lasted somewhere between 15 and 55 minutes. [PAR] If you don\u2019t know anything about Lascur\u00e1in, your first instinct is probably that the guy died or something, but I wouldn\u2019t be making such light of his sub-one hour term if there were a death involved. Then you might be thinking, \u201cman, what did this guy do in those ~30 minutes in office to get himself tossed out so fast?\u201d But it\u2019s not like that either. Lascur\u00e1in\u2019s short term was arranged that way. [PAR] This all happened within the context of the 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution, which began as a rebellion against the never-ending presidency of Porfirio Diaz (d. 1915) in November 1910. Diaz was forced to abdicate in May 1911 (forgive me for going light on the details, but again, Mexican history is not my thing) and was replaced by revolutionary leader Francisco Madero (d. 1913) in an election that was held in October. Madero governed the country for a bit over 2 years, which was just long enough for him to alienate pretty much everybody. He tried to chart a moderate political course, which in that polarized environment meant that he was too revolutionary for the Mexican establishment and not revolutionary enough for his former fellow revolutionaries. [PAR] Madero increasingly turned to the conservative establishment, particularly the military, to help him fend off a series of local rebellions by various revolutionary leaders. He made the special mistake of turning to General Victoriano Huerta (d. 1916), who was happy to put down revolutionaries for Madero but really had no loyalty to Madero himself. On February 9, Madero ordered Huerta to put down a revolt in Mexico City itself, led by a couple of Huerta\u2019s fellow generals, and Huerta accepted his mission but eventually turned on Madero and joined the rebels. In a deal brokered by US Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson, who was deeply sympathetic (to say the least) to Huerta and the rebels, Madero agreed to resign the presidency in favor of Huerta and go into exile. In this case, it was a very distant exile, because after he stepped down Huerta had him murdered. [PAR] The presidency was now Huerta\u2019s, but for some reason at this point, after having led a successful coup d\u2019etat, he decided to stick to the rule of law under the terms of Mexico\u2019s constitution. The line of succession was supposed to run from the vice president to the attorney general (who had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SHAPE HC | 1967-1979: NATO's Readiness Increases SHAPE HC | 1967-1979: NATO's Readiness Increases [PAR] 1967-1979: NATO's Readiness Increases [PAR] Home / History of SHAPE / 1967-1979: NATO's Readiness Increases [PAR] 1967-1979: NATO's Readiness Increases [PAR] Although no longer part of the integrated command structure, France was still a member of the Alliance itself, so one of the first major tasks of SHAPE after the move to Belgium was to negotiate arrangements with the French authorities to co-ordinate France's military role and contribution to NATO in the event of a Warsaw Pact attack. After NATO adopted the new military strategy of \"Flexible Response\u201d in December 1967, SHAPE began a major review of its plans and forces to bring them into line with the new strategy. [PAR] [PAR] In 1968 the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia and overthrew the reformist government of Alexander Dubcek. SHAPE monitored this crisis closely and advised NATO Headquarters about the military implications of the Soviet invasion, which increased the number of combat ready Red Army units deployed very close to the Federal Republic of Germany. [PAR] During the tenure of the sixth SACEUR, General Andrew J. Goodpaster, SHAPE's activities were influenced by a number of important international developments: the shifting strategic balance in favour of the USSR, efforts to achieve East-West D\u00e9tente, the increasing involvement of the United States in the Vietnam war, the Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War, the subsequent oil crisis of 1973 and the 1974 Cyprus Crisis, which resulted in Greece's withdrawal of her forces from the NATO command structure. [PAR] SHAPE analysed the impact for NATO of the on-going negotiations over \"mutual and balanced force reductions\u201d between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and SHAPE also attempted to minimise the adverse effects of the desires of several allies (Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States) to reduce their forces stationed in continental Europe. [PAR] In 1970 SHAPE produced a major study of alliance's defence problems in the 1970's, which influenced the alliance's strategic planning during the next decade. The study addressed force reductions and recommended numerous improvements in ACE's conventional and nuclear forces and procedures. [PAR] The next SACEUR, U.S. Army General Alexander M. Haig, placed great emphasis on improving the \"Three Rs\u201d - Readiness, Rationalisation and Reinforcement - in order to counter-balance the growing military capabilities of the Warsaw Pact. One of SHAPE's major tasks during this period was to study how to improve the command and control and flexibility of NATO forces in Europe. [PAR] [PAR] SHAPE played a major role in planning and implementing the NATO Long Term Defence Improvement Programme, which profoundly changed NATO forces in the 1980s and beyond. One of the most important innovations was NATO's decision to establish the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force, which was strongly supported by SHAPE. Improvements were also made in the quality and integration of communications and Command and Control systems, in particular the NATO Air Defence Ground Environment for coordination of air defence. [PAR] In 1975 Gen. Haig also introduced a major new NATO exercise programme called Autumn Forge, whose best known element was the REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) series. These exercises brought together national and NATO exercises, improved their training value and annually tested the ability of the Alliance's North American members to reinforce Europe rapidly. [PAR] SACEUR Haig implemented a long overdue realignment of the command structure in South Eastern Europe and he also made a significant change in the senior leadership of SHAPE in order to reflect Germany's increasing contribution to Allied Command Europe. In 1978 Gen. Gerd Schmueckle became the first German Deputy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the Recording Industry History of the Recording Industry [PAR] LIBRARY [PAR] The Digital Era [PAR] The LP lives on, sort of, as the medium for disc jockeys, and a few rock groups insisted on releasing their music on LP records well into the 1990s. But both the LP and the cassette were pushed aside by the Compact Disc. The Phillips company, which had earlier introduced the cassette, had developed a laser disc for video recording in the late 1970s. Phillips teamed up with Sony, which had developed a digital tape recorder for making \"master\" recordings at about the same time. The new discs were created by re-recording ordinary studio tapes onto the digital tape, then using the digital tape to burn laser discs. A copy of the master laser disc was then used to press plastic duplicates, which were coated with shiny aluminum, encased in protective layers, and packaged for sale. Unlike the LP or the original Phillips video laser discs, which were quite large, the audio-only laser discs were \"compact,\" and hence the name Compact Disc. [PAR] The CD was introduced to the public in 1982. Partly because of the high initial cost (a player cost over $2000, and the discs themselves cost $12-16), sales were limited. By about 1985, however, it was possible to buy a player for $350 or less, and prices were around $150 a few years later. Many consumers resented being pressured to abandon the collections of LP records they had accumulated over the years. However, the CD eventually won over the hearts of most consumers. [PAR] Sony also became a record company in the 1980s through the purchase of CBS Records (formerly Columbia). Sony followed this up in 1989 with the purchase of Columbia Pictures Entertainment. [PAR] In the studio, digital technology was making an important impact. Where the role of digital recorders was initially quite limited, soon it became easy and relatively inexpensive to use digital devices to compose, perform, record, edit, and mix songs. Previously, musical instruments had been separate from recording machines, and both had been separate from computers, but new technologies combined all three. Where tape recorders had made it possible for individual musicians to play multiple instruments or record multiple vocal parts, or even become \"one man bands,\" digital technology accelerated the tendency to do so. Many \"bands\" were really just one or two people manipulating drum machines and synthesizers, or re-recording bits and pieces of existing music. [PAR] If digital recording was a success in the studio, it was initially a failure as a consumer technology. The first consumer digital recorders were introduced in the late 1970s. They were essentially modified Betamax VCRs, and the cost was quite high. Digital recording re-appeared in 1990 with the introduction of Digital Audio Tape, and later with the Digital Compact Cassette, and again with the Sony Minidisc. Opposed by a recording industry fearful of music piracy, these formats failed to appeal to consumers. [PAR] Through the end of the 1990s, it appeared that the next home recording medium would undoubtedly be a recordable form of CD. It took many years for these to be introduced, and many more years for them to come down in price. Only in the early years of the 21st century did the price of a CD burner and the blank discs compete with a cassette deck. [PAR] By that time, however, the whole idea of storing sound on physical \"records\" was being called into question. Home computer users began sharing digitized music in a number of different formats in the late 1990s."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Groucho Marx - Wikiquote Groucho Marx - Wikiquote [PAR] Groucho Marx [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] I think it's about time to announce that I was born at a very early age. [PAR] Julius Henry Marx ( 2 October 1890 \u2013 19 August 1977 ), primarily known as Groucho Marx, was an American comedian and actor , famous for his work in the Marx Brothers comedy team, and his solo film and television career. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Quotes[ edit ] [PAR] I DON'T WANT TO BELONG TO ANY CLUB THAT WILL ACCEPT PEOPLE LIKE ME AS A MEMBER [PAR] I get credit all the time for things I never said. [PAR] A likely story \u2014 and probably true. [PAR] The Al Jolson Show repartee following a trite, scripted Al Jolson joke. (1949)[ specific citation needed ] [PAR] Although it is generally known, I think it's about time to announce that I was born at a very early age. [PAR] From his autobiography Groucho and Me (1959) [PAR] I sent the club a wire stating, \"PLEASE ACCEPT MY RESIGNATION. I DON'T WANT TO BELONG TO ANY CLUB THAT WILL ACCEPT PEOPLE LIKE ME AS A MEMBER\". [PAR] Telegram to the Friar's Club of Beverly Hills to which he belonged, as recounted in Groucho and Me (1959), p. 321 [PAR] [Variant:] \"Please accept my resignation. I don\u2019t care to belong to any club that will have me as a member\". [PAR] As quoted in The Groucho Letters (1967) by Arthur Sheekman. The sentiment predates Marx by 61 years, however; it likely originated with John Galsworthy in The Forsyte Saga. In Part I, Chapter II, \"Old Jolyon Goes to the Opera\" , it's said of Old Jolyon that, \"He naturally despised the Club that did take him.\" after another refused him because he was in a trade. [PAR] No one is completely unhappy at the failure of his best friend. [PAR] From his book Groucho and Me. It is a variation of a maxim by 17th-century French nobleman Fran\u00e7ois de La Rochefoucauld : \"In the adversity of our best friends, we often find something that is not displeasing.\" (Maxim 99 from Reflections; or Sentences and Moral Maxims, 1665 edition.) [PAR] Here's to our wives and girlfriends... may they never meet![ citation needed ] (Variation on an old Royal Navy wardroom toast: \"Wives and Sweethearts! May they never meet!\"[ citation needed ]) [PAR] From the moment I picked your book up until I laid it down I was convulsed with laughter. Someday I intend on reading it. [PAR] To S J Perelman about his book Dawn Ginsbergh\u2019s Revenge (1929), as quoted in LIFE (9 February 1962) [PAR] I never forget a face, but in your case I'll be glad to make an exception. [PAR] Misattributed[ edit ] [PAR] I've been around so long, I knew Doris Day before she was a virgin. [PAR] Apparently said by Oscar Levant : \"I knew Doris Day before she was a virgin\" (as quoted in The Wit and Wisdom of Hollywood (1972) by Max Wilk). [PAR] Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. [PAR] No known citation to Marx. First appears unattributed in mid-1960s logic/computing texts as an example of the difficulty of machine parsing of ambiguous statements. Google Books . The Yale Book of Quotations dates the attribution to Marx to a 9 July 1982 net.jokes post on Usenet . [PAR] Outside of a dog, a book is man's best friend. Inside of a dog, it's too dark to read. [PAR] This may be original with Groucho, but the Quote"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nature | Discover Coyote Valley Nature | Discover Coyote Valley [PAR] Nature [PAR] Coyote Creek Parkway Trail [PAR] Santa Clara County Parks invites you to explore the Coyote Creek Parkway Trail. This scenic parkway meanders along Coyote Creek for 15 miles. The north portion features a paved multi-use trail popular with bicyclists, roller-bladers, and hikers. South of Metcalf Road, and through Coyote Valley, an equestrian trail parallels the paved trail. Public transit is available to Coyote Creek Parkway. [PAR] Tulare Hill Ecological Preserve [PAR] A preserve dedicated to the protection of the Bay checkerspot butterfly, the California Red-legged frog, and other threatened and endangered species. Owned and managed by the Silicon Valley Land Conservancy. [PAR] Coyote Valley Open Space Preserve [PAR] A beautiful 350-acre open space preserve in the foothills along the west of the valley. A recent acquisition of the Santa Clara Open Space Authority, which is currently developing miles of beautiful trails for the Fall 2014 opening. [PAR] Spreckles Hill"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fire breaks out in Chicago theater - Dec 30, 1903 ... Fire breaks out in Chicago theater - Dec 30, 1903 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Fire breaks out in Chicago theater [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Fire breaks out in Chicago theater [PAR] Author [PAR] Fire breaks out in Chicago theater [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] A fire in the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois, kills more than 600 people on this day in 1903. It was the deadliest theater fire in U.S. history. Blocked fire exits and the lack of a fire-safety plan caused most of the deaths. [PAR] The Iroquois Theater, designed by Benjamin Marshall in a Renaissance style, was highly luxurious and had been deemed fireproof upon its opening in 1903. In fact, George Williams, Chicago\u2019s building commissioner, and fire inspector Ed Laughlin looked over the theater in November 1903 and declared that it was \u201cfireproof beyond all doubt.\u201d They also noted its 30 exits, 27 of which were double doors. However, at the same time, William Clendenin, the editor of Fireproof magazine, also inspected the Iroquois and wrote a scathing editorial about its fire dangers, pointing out that there was a great deal of wood trim, no fire alarm and no sprinkler system over the stage. [PAR] During the matinee performance of December 30, while a full house was watching Eddie Foy star in Mr. Bluebeard, 27 of the theater\u2019s 30 exits were locked. In addition, stage manager Bill Carlton went out front to watch the show with the 2,000 patrons while the other stage hands left the theater and went out for a drink. It was a spotlight operator who first noticed that one of the calcium lights seemed to have sparked a fire backstage. The cluttered area was full of fire fuel\u2013wooden stage props and oily rags. [PAR] When the actors became aware of the fire, they scattered backstage; Foy later returned and tried to calm the audience, telling them to stay seated. An asbestos curtain was to be lowered that would confine the fire but when it wouldn\u2019t come fully down, a panic began. It later turned out to be made of paper so it wouldn\u2019t have helped in any case. Soon, all the lights inside the theater went out and there were stampedes near the open exits. When the back door was opened, the shift of air caused a fireball to roar through the backstage area. [PAR] The teenage ushers working the theater fled immediately, forgetting to open the locked emergency exit doors. The few doors that were able to be forced open were four feet above the sidewalk, which slowed down the exiting process. Most of the 591 people who died were seated in the balconies. There were no fire escapes or ladders to assist them and some took their chances and jumped. The bodies were piled six deep near the narrow balcony exits. In fact, some people were knocked down by the falling bodies and were eventually pulled out alive from under burned victims. [PAR] In the aftermath of the disaster, Williams was later charged and convicted of misfeasance. Chicago\u2019s mayor was also indicted, though the charges didn\u2019t stick. The theater owner was convicted of manslaughter due to the poor safety provisions; the conviction was later appealed and reversed. In fact, the only person to serve any jail time in relation to this disaster was a nearby saloon owner who had robbed the dead bodies while his establishment served as a makeshift morgue following the fire. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] In which Chicago theater did over 500"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a ... Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a Model T Ford in 1914?????? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a Model T Ford in 1914?????? [PAR] This question was answered on May 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a Model T Ford in 1914?????? [PAR] JohnnieFritzle posted a question \u00b7 May 08, 2016 at 3:11am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] It took 95 minutes... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29401026) ]} [PAR] Chrisjoel answered the question \u00b7 May 08, 2016 at 3:12am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29401030) ]} [PAR] ProfVictor answered the question \u00b7 May 08, 2016 at 3:13am [PAR] Ford's cars came off the line in three-minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, reducing production time by a... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29401043) ]} [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29401126) ]} [PAR] dr.sasha98 answered the question \u00b7 May 08, 2016 at 3:23am [PAR] The first production of Model T Ford was completed in the year 1908. Ford managed to produce 15 million... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29402446) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] Miss-white [PAR] 11 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 2 mins [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up [PAR] Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up [PAR] By David Maraniss and Susan Schmidt [PAR] Washington Post Staff Writers [PAR] Sunday, June 2, 1996; Page A01 [PAR] The First Lady and Whitewater: Who's Who [PAR] JAMES B. McDOUGAL [PAR] Friend of Bill Clinton and gubernatorial aide during Clinton's first term, he was a partner with the Clintons in the Whitewater real estate venture and owned the failed Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan. He was convicted last week on federal fraud and conspiracy charges. [PAR] SUSAN McDOUGAL [PAR] James McDougal's former wife and partner in the Whitewater real estate venture. She was also convicted last week in the Whitewater-related fraud trial. [PAR] RICHARD MASSEY [PAR] Young associate at the Rose Law Firm when Madison Guaranty became a client in 1985. Hillary Rodham Clinton has said Massey played a key role in bringing in Madison as a Rose client, but he does not remember the events in the same way. [PAR] RONALD CLARK [PAR] Current managing partner of the Rose Law Firm. While Hillary Clinton has said Massey asked for her help in getting McDougal to pay his outstanding legal bills in April 1985, Clark maintains that they were already paid by November 1984. [PAR] GARY BUNCH [PAR] Onetime president of Madison Bank & Trust, another McDougal-owned financial entity that owed money to the Rose Law Firm. [PAR] BEVERLY BASSETT SCHAFFER [PAR] A Gov. Bill Clinton appointee to the Arkansas Securities Commission, she took a telephone call from Hillary Clinton in April 1985, six days after McDougal put Rose Law Firm on retainer. [PAR] SETH WARD [PAR] Arkansas businessman hired by McDougal to assist in land acquisition for the Castle Grande project, and Webster Hubbell's father-in-law. Hillary Clinton worked with Ward on certain legal details of the project she knew as IDC. [PAR] WEBSTER L. HUBBELL [PAR] President Clinton's appointee as associate U.S. attorney general and former partner in the Rose firm, he pleaded guilty to defrauding the firm and its clients through false billings. [PAR] JIM GUY TUCKER [PAR] Arkansas governor convicted last week on mail fraud and conspiracy charges linked to the Castle Grande deal. He announced his intention to resign this summer. [PAR] DAVID HALE [PAR] Former Arkansas municipal judge and owner of a small business investment company, he pleaded guilty to defrauding the federal Small Business Administration and was the chief government witness in the trial of the McDougals and Gov. Tucker. [PAR] SAM BRATTON [PAR] An aide to Gov. Clinton who oversaw regulatory issues, he was alerted by Arkansas Securities Commissioner Schaffer that McDougal's S&L was in trouble with federal authorities. [PAR] VINCENT FOSTER [PAR] Former Rose Law Firm partner who went to the Clinton White House as deputy counsel. At Rose, Foster had been billing partner in work the firm did for Madison Bank & Trust. [PAR] CAROLYN HUBER [PAR] Former Rose Law Firm office manager who worked in the White House residence handling the Clintons' personal correspondence. She packed away Hillary Clinton's law firm records in a box of \"knickknacks\" and said she was unaware they were the long-sought Rose billing records. [PAR] DAVID R. GERGEN [PAR] As counselor to the president, Gergen advised the Clintons to share all Whitewater-related documents with The Washington Post in December 1993. In an interview in January, Hillary Clinton suggested that she and the president had done just that with the New York Times during the 1992 campaign, but five days later the White House issued a clarification"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) [PAR] Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) [PAR] At 6:05 P.M. on Thursday, 4 April 1968, Martin Luther King was shot dead while standing on a balcony outside his second-\ufb02oor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. News of King\u2019s assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property damage in over 100 American cities. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old escaped fugitive, later confessed to the crime and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term. During King\u2019s funeral a tape recording was played in which King spoke of how he wanted to be remembered after his death: \u2018\u2018I\u2019d like somebody to mention that day that Martin Luther King Jr. tried to give his life serving [PAR] others\u2019\u2019(King, \u2018\u2018Drum Major Instinct,\u2019\u2019 85). [PAR] King had arrived in Tennessee on Wednesday, 3 April to prepare for a march the following Monday on behalf of striking Memphis sanitation workers . As he prepared to leave the Lorraine Motel for a dinner at the home of Memphis minister Samuel \u2018\u2018Billy\u2019\u2019 Kyles, King stepped out onto the balcony of room 306 to speak with Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) colleagues standing in the parking area below. An assassin \ufb01red a single shot that caused severe wounds to the lower right side of his face. SCLC aides rushed to him, and Ralph Abernathy cradled King\u2019s head. Others on the balcony pointed across the street toward the rear of a boarding house on South Main Street where the shot seemed to have originated. An ambulance rushed King to St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital, where doctors pronounced him dead at 7:05 P.M. [PAR] President Lyndon B. Johnson called for a national day of mourning to be observed on 7 April. In the following days, public libraries, museums, schools, and businesses were closed, and the Academy Awards ceremony and numerous sporting events were postponed. On 8 April King\u2019s widow, Coretta Scott King , and other family members joined thousands of participants in a march in Memphis honoring King and supporting the sanitation workers. King\u2019s funeral service was held the following day in Atlanta at Ebenezer Baptist Church . It was attended by many of the nation\u2019s political and civil rights leaders, including Jacqueline Kennedy, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, and Ralph Bunche . Morehouse College President Benjamin Mays delivered the eulogy, predicting that King \u2018\u2018would probably say that, if death had to come, I am sure there was no greater cause to die for than \ufb01ghting to get a just wage for garbage collectors\u2019\u2019 (Mays, 9 April 1968). Over 100,000 mourners followed two mules pulling King\u2019s cof\ufb01n through the streets of Atlanta. After another ceremony on the Morehouse campus, King\u2019s body was initially interred at South-View Cemetery. Eventually, it was moved to a crypt next to the Ebenezer Church at the King Center , an institution founded by King\u2019s widow. [PAR] Shortly after the assassination, a policeman discovered a bundle containing a 30.06 Remington ri\ufb02e next door to the boarding house. The largest investigation in Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) history led its agents to an apartment in Atlanta. Fingerprints uncovered in the apartment matched those of James Earl Ray, a fugitive who had escaped from a Missouri prison in April 1967. FBI agents and police in Memphis produced further evidence that Ray had registered on 4 April at the South Main Street roominghouse and that he had taken a second-\ufb02oor room near a common bathroom with a view of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Nobel Prize Winners [List] | News One Black Nobel Prize Winners [List] | News One [PAR] Leave a comment [PAR] 1.06K reads [PAR] The 2011 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded today to three women from African and Arab countries, for their roles as activists. [PAR] In total, there have been 16 Black Nobel Prize winners; 12 of them being Peace prize recipients. Martin Luther King Jr., Barack Obama , and Nelson Mandela are all among the list of prestigious recipients. [PAR] Here\u2019s a list of all the Black Nobel prize winners. [PAR] 1. Ralph Bunche [PAR] Ralph Johnson Bunche was an American political scientist and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Palestine. He was the first person of color to be so honored in the history of the Prize.[6] He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations and in 1963, received the Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy. [WIKIPEDIA] [PAR] 2. Albert John Luthuli [PAR] Albert Luthuli was a South African teacher and politician. Lutuli was elected president of the African National Congress (ANC), at the time an umbrella organisation that led opposition to the white minority government in South Africa. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid. He was the first African, and the first person from outside Europe and the Americas, to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [WIKIPEDIA] [PAR] 3. Martin Luther King, Jr [PAR] Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.[1] He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.[2] King is often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. [WIKIPEDIA] [PAR] 4. Anwar El Sadat [PAR] Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. In his eleven years as president he changed Egypt\u2019s direction, departing from some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by re-instituting the multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. [WIKIPEDIA] [PAR] 5. Sir William Arthur Lewis [PAR] Sir (William) Arthur Lewis was a Saint Lucian economist well known for his contributions in the field of economic development. In 1979 he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, becoming the first black person to win a Nobel Prize in a category other than peace. [WIKIPEDIA] [PAR] 6. Desmond Tutu [PAR] Desmond Mpilo Tutu is a South African activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. He was the first black South African Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa and primate of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa). [WIKIPEDIA] [PAR] 7. Wole Soyinka [PAR] Akinwande Oluwole \u201cWole\u201d Soyinka is a Nigerian writer, poet and playwright. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, where he was recognised as a man \u201cwho in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\u201d,[1][2] and became the first African in Africa and in Diaspora to be so honoured. In 1994, he was designated UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Goodwill Ambassador for the promotion of African culture, human rights, freedom of expression, media and communication. [WIKIPEDIA] [PAR] 8. Derek Walcott [PAR] Derek Alton Walcott"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ... Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne National Laboratory [PAR] Early Exploration [PAR] Tweet [PAR] BOOKSHELF [PAR] \u201cPlentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor\u201d by Charles E. Till and Yoon Chang gives the history of the IFR at Argonne. The book is available on Amazon.com\u2026 [PAR] More about the IFR \u00bb [PAR] Early Exploration [PAR] Early exploration nuclear reactors designed by the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory, the direct predecessor to Argonne National Laboratory, began the development of nuclear technology. [PAR] CP-3 [PAR] CP-1 (Chicago Pile 1 Reactor) [PAR] This drawing depicts the historic Dec. 2, 1942, event -- the first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. It took place under the abandoned football stands at the University of Chicago. Click on photo to view a larger image. [PAR] Chicago Pile 1 was the world's first nuclear reactor, built in 1942 by Nobel Prize winner Enrico Fermi. The reactor was built underneath the University of Chicago's Stagg Field football stadium. On Dec. 2, 1942, Enrico Fermi and 48 of his colleagues succeed in achieving in this reactor the world\u2019s first man-made controlled nuclear chain reaction, thereby establishing the ability of mankind to control the release of nuclear energy. He and other scientists from that group later founded Argonne National Laboratory. [PAR] Scale model of CP-1 reactor. Courtesy Archival Photographic Files, [apf2-00504], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library. [PAR] Click on photo to view a larger image. [PAR] Download image from Flickr [PAR] The photograph at right shows a scale model depicting Fermi\u2019s reactor setup on that day in 1942. The model shows a segment of the football stadium and gives a perspective on where the reactor was located under the stands. Fermi and his colleagues were assembled on the balcony to the right to observe the instruments recording the neutron intensity in the pile. After the reactor had sustained the chain reaction for 28 minutes the operators to the right of the reactor (in the left foreground of the photo) pushed in a cadmium control rod called zip, which absorbed neutrons and ended the chain reaction. The reactor fuel was lumps of uranium metal and uranium oxide; these were spaced on a cubic lattice within layers of graphite, with some graphite layers containing only uranium metal pseudospheres, some only uranium oxide pseudospheres, and some containing both. The pile was built by alternating graphite layers seeded with uranium metal and/or uranium oxide with layers of solid graphite blocks. The completed reactor contained 57 layers, which was about one layer beyond the critical stage needed to sustain the chain reaction. [PAR] Early in 1943, CP-1 was dismantled and moved to a less-populated site in the \"Argonne Forest\" section of the Cook County Forest Preserve in Palos Park. That part of the forest has since been renamed, but its appellation survives today in the name of Argonne National Laboratory. [PAR] For more information on CP-1 : [PAR] Watch the video on YouTube (posted on May 15, 2014) [PAR] CP-2 (Chicago Pile 2 Reactor) [PAR] In early 1943, Chicago Pile 1 was dismantled at the University of Chicago, moved to the Argonne Forest section of the Palos Hills Forest Preserve, and renamed Chicago Pile 2. Click on photo to view a larger image. [PAR] In early 1943 Manhattan Engineer District disassembled Chicago Pile 1 and rebuilt it at Palos Park, IL, as Chicago Pile 2. CP-2 had a thermal- power level of 10 kW. The fuel for CP-2 was natural uranium (uranium in which the natural abundance of the isotopes uranium-234, uranium-235,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Geography of the Gulf of Mexico - Border States Geography of the Gulf of Mexico - Border States [PAR] Geography of the Gulf of Mexico [PAR] Geography of the Gulf of Mexico States [PAR] Learn about the States Surrounding the Gulf of Mexico [PAR] Geography Expert [PAR] By Amanda Briney [PAR] The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin located close to the southeastern United States . It is one of the largest bodies of water in the world and it is a part of the Atlantic Ocean . The basin has an area of 600,000 square miles (1.5 million sq km) and most of it consists of shallow intertidal areas but there are some very deep portions. [PAR] The Gulf of Mexico is bounded by five U.S. states. The following is a list of the five Gulf states and some information about each. [PAR] 1. Alabama [PAR] Alabama is a state located in the southeastern United States. It has an area of 52,419 square miles (135,765 sq km) and a 2008 population of 4,4661,900. Its largest cities are Birmingham, Montgomery and Mobile. Alabama is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida to the south and Mississippi to the west. Only a small portion of its coastline is on the Gulf of Mexico ( map ) but it has a busy port located on the Gulf in Mobile. More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] 2. Florida [PAR] Florida is a state in the southeastern United States that is bordered by Alabama and Georgia to the north and the Gulf of Mexico the the south and east. It is a peninsula that is surrounded by water on three sides ( map ) and it has a 2009 population of 18,537,969. The area of Florida is 53,927 square miles (139,671 sq km). Florida is known as the \"sunshine state\" because of its warm subtropical climate and many beaches, including those on the Gulf of Mexico. More \u00bb [PAR] 3. Louisiana [PAR] Louisiana ( map ) is located between the Gulf of Mexico states of Texas and Mississippi and is south of Arkansas . It has an area of 43,562 square miles (112,826 sq km) and a 2005 population estimate (prior to Hurricane Katrina ) of 4,523,628. Louisiana is known for its multicultural population, its culture and events such as Mardi Gras in New Orleans . It is also known for its well established fishing economy and ports on the Gulf of Mexico. More \u00bb [PAR] 4. Mississippi [PAR] Mississippi ( map ) is a state located in the southeastern United States with an area of 48,430 square miles (125,443 sq km) and a 2008 population of 2,938,618. Its largest cities are Jackson, Gulfport and Biloxi. Mississippi is bordered by Louisiana and Arkansas to the west, Tennesse to the north and Alabama to the east. Most of the state is forested and undeveloped aside from the Mississippi River delta and the Gulf coast area. Like Alabama, only a small portion of its coastline is on the Gulf of Mexico but the area is popular for tourism. More \u00bb [PAR] 5. Texas [PAR] Texas ( map ) is a state located on the Gulf of Mexico and it is the second largest of the contiguous states based on both area and population. The area of Texas is 268,820 square miles (696,241 sq km) and the state's 2009 population was 24,782,302. Texas is bordered by the U.S. states of New Mexico , Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 in which American City? The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 in which American City? [PAR] The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 in which American City? [PAR] Tagged With :- [PAR] It looks like that was Chicago, Dixie. [PAR] Here's a pic and some info regarding the founding members. [PAR] \"The first four Rotarians: (from left) Gustavus Loehr, Silvester Schiele, Hiram Shorey, and Paul P. Harris Courtesy of Rotary Images\" [PAR] Posted 1334 day(s) ago [PAR] DixieRock [PAR] 1333 day(s) ago [PAR] Yup, Chicago correct. Thanks for the info, very interesting, I learn many new things when you post information like this, Thanks Kraven, [PAR] Kravenhead [PAR] 1332 day(s) ago [PAR] Looks like there was one rebel in the group.... Hanky in his top pocket, and his hand in his lower pocket. [PAR] Must be a trouble maker."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ [PAR] General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ [PAR] General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ [PAR] 300 Renaissance Center [PAR] Customer Service Phone Number: 1-313-556-5000 [PAR] SHARE: [PAR] Next Post Newer Post Previous Post Older Post Home [PAR] 11 comments: [PAR] Please explain this video to me. I do not understand anything about this???? [PAR] Brenda Reeves [PAR] October 13, 2012 at 5:35 PM [PAR] As a longtime supporter of the Parent's Television Council, I was very disturbed to read in their latest newsletter that GM is the #2 worst sponsor of anti-family programming. [PAR] In addition to being personally offended by the choice of sponsored programs, I would suggest that this might not be a good move to be attacking American traditional family values by supporting those that promote moral decay. [PAR] November 22, 2012 at 8:47 AM [PAR] I have been a GM owner/buyer for 40 years. CRANBERRY MOTORS in Machias, Maine take the cake. Not only do they run the dealership the way they want to, but, GM for years have let it happen.. I will not buy GM again until the stop customer go through a FORD show room to buy a GM product again. GM take notice!!!!! [PAR] January 10, 2013 at 8:18 PM [PAR] I just purchased a used 1994 Buick Le Saber an was impressed how on the car looked inside and outside. I took the car for a test drive and it ran really well. The engine was very clean and the transmission worked just perfectly. I admit there are a few miles on this car however I was very impressed. I bought it. However, the only thing I didn't check was the frame and undercarriage. I drove the car for about 3 months until the problems started showing up. First the gas line started leaking, brake line leaking which caused the brakes to fail and my wife was almost in a car accident. I took the car in for an oil change and they said that the undercarriage is totally shot. Their was only one motor mount holding the engine in place and if by chance I would have had to slam on the brakes the engine would have fell out of the car. I latter found out that on this particular model there was a recall on these cars however, not in Minnesota. I don't understand how a big company can limit a recall and make a product that could actually kill someone. Please explain. Sincerely, Totally Confused and very disappointed. I would appreciate an answer and recommendations. [PAR] November 17, 2015 at 11:45 PM [PAR] Purchased an 2012 Buick Verano for my son paid cash used had only 71,000 miles at time of purchase. My son was diving the car going to the gas station got stopped at a light the car began to shake and the check engine light came on the car burst into flames. The car was a total loss but GM says their was no recall on the vehicle. We only had the vehicle only 2 1/2 months after purchase. With only 78,000 miles. GM needs to look into this matter. I'm pursuing a lawyer to help me look further into this matter. I think I have an law suit against GM. GM had a recall on their 2013-14 Buick Verano for electrical problems the 2012 should have been thrown into that recall. November 17, 2015 11:41 p.m. [PAR] August 29, 2016 at 3:22 PM [PAR] My husband and I have been loyal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Video: Jtube: All in the Family: Archie\u2019s Jewish Friend Video: Jtube: All in the Family: Archie\u2019s Jewish Friend [PAR] Be proud of your Jewish identity and Jewish name [PAR] [PAR] (175) Phillip Barton (Segall), January 28, 2013 9:21 AM [PAR] Why I use(d) my middle name as my last name. [PAR] When I began my career in radio 65 years ago in the Sourthern \"Bible Belt,\" I'd have never made it with my Jewish name. Even so, some anti-Semites guessed I was a Jew -- though I didn't \"look\" it -- and didn't want me in their house. By the time I got to the West Coast where Jews were \"accepted,\" my middle name was hung on me, including in both my military and police employments. Now, because of Medicare, my wife and children use the family name even as I still use my middle name; it would simply be an explanatory mishmash should I change at this late date! [PAR] [PAR] (174) Anonymous, January 28, 2013 4:08 AM [PAR] redemption from Egypt [PAR] It is said that one of the reasons that the Israelites merited redemption from the slavery in Egypt was that they retained their Jewish names while in slavery. [PAR] [PAR] (173) Jerry strug, January 12, 2013 2:48 AM [PAR] I was an engineer with a non Jewish sounding name. I always let it be know I was Jewish. the inevitable reaponse was \" You are different\" from the Other Jews. I was nmot different. [PAR] [PAR] When did Stretch Cunningham die? [PAR] [PAR] (171) Mort aurence, January 11, 2013 4:58 AM [PAR] Perfect combination: humor and pathos [PAR] Loved this one. Love for a friend surmounts all barriers. This should be repeated at leSt once a year. [PAR] [PAR] (170) dave bier, January 7, 2013 2:29 PM [PAR] Jewish names [PAR] \"A Jewish name ain't got no 'ham' in it.\" That's so funny I nearly wet myself laughing. Great writing, wonderful delivery. [PAR] [PAR] (169) Morris Kaplan, January 7, 2013 5:35 AM [PAR] A good line was taken out of this clip [PAR] I saw this when it originally aired, and one line in Archie's eulogy, not included in this clip, went something like this, \"I couldn't tell he was Jewish by looking at his face, and I didn't see anything else.\" Then there's a closeup of Edith, and after a few seconds a look on her face as though realizing what he accidentally implied. [PAR] [PAR] (168) stew feigel, January 5, 2013 12:37 AM [PAR] we should be able to joke with our friends, and not be so sensitive as to not be able to enjoy them. [PAR] [PAR] (167) Dr. Ronald Shultz, January 4, 2013 12:04 AM [PAR] Never Hide or Surrender! [PAR] Always be proud of your heritage! Never hide who you are or you surrender your soul to tyrants and fools! [PAR] [PAR] Jewish folks are the smartest, best business people on the planet . Tough to beatn [PAR] [PAR] (164) cathy, December 31, 2012 5:04 PM [PAR] thinking from the past [PAR] With the internet and instant coverage in what's happening in the world, we are becoming more concerned with human rights. We will never go back to the Archie Bunker thinking. [PAR] [PAR] Anonymous, January 2, 2013 4:30 PM [PAR] WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN THE ARCHIE BANKERS ARE AS STRONG AS EVER [PAR] [PAR] (163) Lonna Kahn, December 29, 2012 5:33 PM [PAR] It's important to keep your Jewish name. [PAR] It is your connection to your ancestors and your heritage. Never be ashamed to own your heritage;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New York Architecture Images- Radio City Music Hall Images- with special thanks to Rick Stasel [PAR] A vestige of the large entertainment component found in the earlier plan for Rockefeller Center, this theater was a larger version of the music halls and theaters around Times Square. Originally intended for use as a vaudeville music hall which would be \"the showplace of the nation,\" this theater features a stunning Art Deco interior decorated with golden rays and plaster arches. At the time it was built, the theater had many innovative technical features including a revolving stage, three moveable sections of stage flooring, and sophisticated scenery equipment. When the success of this theater was threatened by the newly popular genre of sound film, it was taken over by Rockefeller Center and RCA. After being adapted as a movie theater for a brief period of time, the facility was resurrected as a music hall and immortalized by the famous chorus line dancers known as the Rockettes. [PAR] Radio City Music Hall is an entertainment venue located in New York City's Rockefeller Center. Its nickname is the Showplace of the Nation, and it was for a time the leading tourist destination in the city. Its interior was declared a city landmark in 1978. [PAR] Early history [PAR] The 12 acre (49,000 m\u00b2) complex in midtown Manhattan known as Rockefeller Center was developed between 1929 and 1940 by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., on land leased from Columbia University. Rockefeller initially planned a new home for the Metropolitan Opera on the site, but after the Stock Market Crash of 1929, the plans changed and the opera company withdrew from the project. [PAR] The names \"Radio City\" and \"Radio City Music Hall\" derive from one of the complex's first tenants, the Radio Corporation of America. Radio City Music Hall was a project of Rockefeller, Samuel Roxy Rothafel who previously opened the Roxy Theater in 1927, and RCA chairman David Sarnoff. RCA had developed numerous studios for NBC at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, just to the south of the Music Hall, and the radio-TV complex that lent the Music Hall its name is still known as the NBC Radio City Studios. [PAR] The Music Hall opened to the public on December 27, 1932 with a spectacular stage show, featuring Ray Bolger and Martha Graham. The opening was meant to be a return to high class variety entertainment. Unfortunately, it was not a success and on January 11, 1933, the first film was shown on the giant screen: Frank Capra's The Bitter Tea of General Yen starring Barbara Stanwyck. [PAR] Radio City has 5,933 seats for spectators; it became the largest movie theater in the world at the time of its opening. Designed by Edward Durell Stone, the interior of the theater, by Donald Deskey, incorporates glass, aluminum, chrome, and geometric ornamentation. Deskey rejected the Rococo embellishment generally used for theaters at that time in favor of a contemporary Art Deco style, borrowed heavily from a European Modern aesthetic style, of which he was the foremost exponent at the time. [PAR] For much of the theater's history, it presented both a movie and a stage show as part of the same program. By the 1970s, changes in film distribution made it difficult for Radio City to secure exclusive bookings of many films; furthermore, the theater preferred to show only G-rated movies, which became less common as the decade wore on. Regular film showings at Radio City ended in 1979, when Radio City was saved from a possible closure due to lack of funds. Movies and Movie premieres have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shirley MacLaine - Biography - IMDb Shirley MacLaine - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Shirley MacLaine [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 91 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (52) | Personal Quotes (25) | Salary (6) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Shirley MacLaine was born Shirley MacLean Beaty in Richmond, Virginia. Her mother, Kathlyn Corinne (MacLean), was a drama teacher from Nova Scotia, Canada, and her father, Ira Owens Beaty, a professor of psychology and real estate agent, was from Virginia. Her brother, Warren Beatty , was born on March 30, 1937. Her ancestry includes English and Scottish. [PAR] Shirley was the tallest in her ballet classes at the Washington School of Ballet. Just after she graduated from Washington-Lee High School, she packed her bags and headed for New York. While auditioning for Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II 's \"Me and Juliet\", the producer kept mispronouncing her name. She then changed her name from Shirley MacLean Beaty to Shirley MacLaine. She later had a role in \"The Pajama Game\", as a member of the chorus and understudy to Carol Haney . A few months into the run, Shirley was going to leave the show for the lead role in \"Can-Can\" but ended up filling in for Haney, who had broken her ankle and could not perform. She would fill in for Carol, again, three months later, following another injury, the very night that movie producer Hal B. Wallis was in the audience. Wallis signed MacLaine to a five-year contract to Paramount Pictures. Three months later, she was off to shoot The Trouble with Harry (1955). She then took roles in Hot Spell (1958) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1956), completed not too long before her daughter, Sachi Parker (born Stephanie), was born. With Shirley's career on track, she played one of her most challenging roles: \"Ginny Moorhead\" in Some Came Running (1958), for which she received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. She went on to do The Sheepman (1958) and The Matchmaker (1958). In 1960, she got her second Academy Award nomination for The Apartment (1960). Three years later, she received a third nomination for Irma la Douce (1963). In 1969, she brought her friend Bob Fosse from Broadway to direct her in Sweet Charity (1969), from which she got her \"signature\" song, \"If My Friends Could See Me Now\". After a five-year hiatus, Shirley made a documentary on China called The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir (1975), for which she received an Oscar nomination for best documentary. [PAR] In 1977, she got her fourth Best Actress Oscar nomination for The Turning Point (1977). In 1979, she worked with Peter Sellers in Being There (1979), made shortly before his death. After 20 years in the film industry, she finally took home the Best Actress Oscar for Terms of Endearment (1983). After a five-year hiatus, Shirley made Madame Sousatzka (1988), a critical and financial hit that took top prize at the Venice Film Festival. In 1989, she starred with Dolly Parton , Sally Field and Julia Roberts in Steel Magnolias (1989). She received rave reviews playing Meryl Streep 's mother in Postcards from the Edge (1990) and for Guarding Tess (1994). In 1996, she reprised her role from \"Terms of Endearment\" as \"Aurora Greenway\" in The Evening Star (1996), which didn't repeat its predecessor's success at the box office. In mid-1998, she directed Bruno (2000), which starred Alex D. Linz"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 12 highest Dams in the World - Wonders-World.com 12 highest Dams in the World - Wonders-World.com [PAR] 12 highest Dams in the World [PAR] Posted by admin 4/13/2013 0 [PAR] A dam is a man-made structure built across a river. Most dams are built to control river flow, improve navigation, and regulate flooding. However, some dams are built to produce hydroelectric power. The sight of a dam one of the largest and most complex structures that humanity has ever created can be quite breath taking. Here is a top 12 highest dams list. [PAR] 12.Mica Dam \u00b7 243 m (797 ft) \u00b7 Canada \u00b7 Columbia [PAR] image by dar56 [PAR] The Mica Dam (243 m height) is a hydroelectric dam spanning the Columbia River 135 kilometres north of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada. [PAR] 11.Alberto Lleras (Guavio) Dam \u00b7 243 m (797 ft) \u00b7 Colombia \u00b7 Guavio River [PAR] image by philipp [PAR] The Alberto Lleras Dam, also known as the Guavio Dam, is a rock-fill embankment dam on the Guavio River near Guavio, Colombia. [PAR] 10.Deriner Dam \u00b7 249 m (817 ft) \u00b7 Turkey \u00b7 \u00c7oruh River [PAR] image by babsack [PAR] Deriner Dam is a concrete double-curved arch dam under construction on the \u00c7oruh River 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Artvin in Artvin Province, Turkey. Construction on the dam began in 1998, the reservoir began to fill in February 2012 and the power station is expected to be operational by the end of the year. It will have a 670 MW power house and is the tallest dam in Turkey. [PAR] 9.Laxiwa Dam \u00b7 250 m (820 ft) \u00b7 China \u00b7 Huang He [PAR] image by dam [PAR] The Laxiwa Dam is an arch dam on the Yellow River in Qinghai Province, northwest China. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports the largest station in the Yellow River basin. The facility generates power by utilizing six turbines, each with a generating capacity of 700 MW, totaling to a capacity of 4,200 MW. [PAR] 8.Mauvoisin Dam \u00b7 250 m (820 ft) \u00b7 Switzerland \u00b7 Bagnes [PAR] image by 4000er [PAR] Lac de Mauvoisin is a lake in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The reservoir is formed by the Mauvoisin Dam, which is 250 m high. The dam is currently the 8th highest in the world, and the third highest arch dam. It was built in 1951\u20131957, and raised by 13.5 m in 1991. [PAR] 7.Tehri Dam \u00b7 261 m (856 ft) \u00b7 India \u00b7 Bhagirathi [PAR] image by arvind [PAR] The Tehri Dam is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India. It is the primary dam of the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd. and the Tehri hydroelectric complex. The dam is a 260 metres (850 ft) high rock and earth-fill embankment dam. Its length is 575 metres (1,886 ft), crest width 20 metres (66 ft), and base width 1,128 metres (3,701 ft). [PAR] 6.Manuel Moreno Torres (Chicoas\u00e9n) Dam \u00b7 261 m (856 ft) \u00b7 Mexico \u00b7 Grijalva [PAR] image by mexico [PAR] It is located about 40 km from Tuxtle, capital of the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is also known as Sumidero Canyon and canyon is regarded as an important tourist attraction in the state of Chiapas. The chicoasen is the home to a great variety of wildlife including corocodiles. It is the 6th largest dam in the world with a height of 261 meters. [PAR] 5.Vajont Dam (disused) \u00b7 261.6 m (858 ft)\u00b7 Italy \u00b7 Vajont [PAR] image by emanuele"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Big is Lake Superior? - Lake Superior Magazine How Big is Lake Superior? - Lake Superior Magazine [PAR] Expand [PAR] Lake Superior vs. East Coast [PAR] Steve Colman, now retired from the University of Minnesota Duluth's Large Lakes Observatory, uses this comparison with the U.S. East Coast to explain the size of the Big Lake. [PAR] Raising Lake Superior's level by a single inch requires 551 billion gallons of water, but even that enormous sum is a mere drop in the Big Lake bucket. [PAR] It's the world's largest freshwater lake by surface area \u2013 31,700 square miles (82,100 square kilometres), or roughly the size of Maine \u2013 and holds 10 percent of the world's surface fresh water. (By volume, it's the third largest, behind Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa.) Lake Superior's 3 quadrillion gallons are enough to cover both North and South America under a foot of water. [PAR] Here's another (preposterous) way to think about it: Downing half a gallon of water daily, it would take you 16.4 trillion years to drink Lake Superior. Or the entire world population of 7 billion people, each person drinking half a gallon per day, could together polish off Lake Superior in 2,348 years. [PAR] The Big Lake holds as much water as all of the other Great Lakes combined plus three more Lake Eries. To reach its deepest point, you'd need to descend 1,276 feet \u2013 about the distance of a ride down from the top floor of Chicago's 108-story Willis Tower. [PAR] Lake Superior is so large and so deep that its retention time \u2013 about how long an average drop of water remains in the Lake \u2013 is 191 years. For Lake Michigan it's 99 years, Huron 22, Ontario 6 and Erie just 2.6 years. No wonder ours is called Superior. [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Expand [PAR] Superior Volume [PAR] Lake Superior has as much water as the rest of the Great Lakes combined \u2013 plus three more Lake Eries. [PAR] More facts[DOC] [TLE] Lake Superior Facts and Figures - Great Lakes Facts Lake Superior Facts and Figures [PAR] Overview [PAR] Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes in surface area and volume. Lake Superior could contain all the other Great Lakes plus three more lakes the size of Lake Erie. Water flows into the lake from many small rivers and streams. The Long Lac and Ogoki diversions in Canada channel water into Lake Superior that would otherwise flow into Hudson Bay. By order of the International Joint Commission, the lake's level, controlled by gates on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, may not exceed 602 ft (183 m) above sea level. Each year a small percentage of the lake's water flows out through the St. Marys River, and it takes almost two centuries for the water to be completely replaced (retention time). The Lake Superior drainage basin is rich in natural resources and scenic beauty. It is sparsely populated and economically dependent on its natural resources, which include metals, minerals, forests and recreation/tourism opportunities such as national lakeshores and national/state/provincial parks. It is particularly known for its clear, cold water and agate beaches. A circle tour guides highway travelers around the lakeshore. Many shipwrecks in Lake Superior are now protected in bottomland preserves and accessible to recreational divers. In 1985, scientists using a submersible vessel descended for the first time to the deepest part (-1,333 ft./-405 m) of Lake Superior near the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore in Michigan waters. [PAR] [PAR] LENGTH: 350 miles / 563 km."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th ... Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th - Crystalinks [PAR] The Roswell UFO Incident [PAR] The Roswell UFO incident took place in the U.S. in June or July 1947, when an airborne object crashed on a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico. Explanations of what took place are based on both official and unofficial communications. Although the crash is attributed to a secret U.S. military Air Force surveillance balloon by the U.S. government, the most famous explanation of what occurred is that the object was a spacecraft containing extraterrestrial life. Since the late 1970s, the Roswell incident has been the subject of much controversy, and conspiracy theories have arisen about the event. [PAR] The United States Armed Forces maintains that what was recovered near Roswell was debris from the crash of an experimental high-altitude surveillance balloon belonging to what was then a classified (top secret) program named Mogul. In contrast, many UFO proponents maintain that an alien craft was found, its occupants were captured, and that the military engaged in a massive cover-up. The Roswell incident has turned into a widely known pop culture phenomenon, making the name \"Roswell\" synonymous with UFOs. Roswell has become the most publicized of all alleged UFO incidents. [PAR] On July 8, 1947, the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF) public information officer Walter Haut, issued a press release stating that personnel from the field's 509th Operations Group had recovered a \"flying disk\", which had crashed on a ranch near Roswell. Later that day, the press reported that Commanding General of the Eighth Air Force Roger Ramey had stated that a weather balloon was recovered by the RAAF personnel. A press conference was held, featuring debris (foil, rubber and wood) said to be from the crashed object, which seemed to confirm its description as a weather balloon. [PAR] Subsequently the incident faded from the attention of UFO researchers for over 30 years. In 1978, physicist and ufologist Stanton T. Friedman interviewed Major Jesse Marcel who was involved with the original recovery of the debris in 1947. Marcel expressed his belief that the military covered up the recovery of an alien spacecraft. His story spread through UFO circles, being featured in some UFO documentaries at the time. In February 1980, the National Enquirer ran its own interview with Marcel, garnering national and worldwide attention for the Roswell incident. Additional witnesses added significant new details, including claims of a large-scale military operation dedicated to recovering alien craft and aliens themselves, at as many as 11 crash sites, and alleged witness intimidation. In 1989, former mortician Glenn Dennis put forth a detailed personal account, wherein he claimed alien autopsies were carried out at the Roswell base. [PAR] In response to these reports, and after United States congressional inquiries, the General Accounting Office launched an inquiry and directed the Office of the United States Secretary of the Air Force to conduct an internal investigation. The result was summarized in two reports. The first, released in 1995, concluded that the reported recovered material in 1947 was likely debris from Project Mogul. The second report, released in 1997, concluded reports of recovered alien bodies were likely a combination of innocently transformed memories of military accidents involving injured or killed personnel, innocently transformed memories of the recovery of anthropomorphic dummies in military programs like Operation High Dive conducted in the 1950s, and hoaxes perpetrated by various witnesses and UFO proponents. The psychological effects of time compression and confusion about when events occurred explained the discrepancy with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical ... St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room (Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress) [PAR] Jump to: Sample Articles [PAR] Important Dates: [PAR] 1901. Planning and construction for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition begins. President McKinley issues a proclamation inviting the international community to participate. [PAR] 1902. Although Exposition organizers had planned for a 1903 opening, it is delayed to 1904 to complete the preparations for what would be the largest ever World\u2019s Fair. [PAR] April 30, 1903. The Dedication ceremonies commemorating the centennial of the signing of the Louisiana Purchase Treaty are held, though the Exposition will not officially open for another year. [PAR] April 30, 1904. The official opening day of the Fair \u2013 both President Roosevelt and Secretary of War William Howard Taft participated in the opening ceremonies. [PAR] December 1, 1904. Closing night of the Fair. [PAR] Suggested Search Strategies: [PAR] [Try the following terms in combination, proximity, or as phrases using Search Pages in Chronicling America.] St. Louis World\u2019s Fair, 1904 World\u2019s Fair, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the \u201cPike\u201d [PAR] To narrow your results, search between 1899 and 1905. [PAR] To find articles relating to specific events related to the Fair include additional terms in search. Ex. When searching for articles about the opening of the Fair, including opening or opening day in search terms. [PAR] Sample Articles from Chronicling America: [PAR] \" National Comission Goes Over Fair Site ,\" St. Louis Republic (St. Louis, MO), June 27, 1901, Page 1, Image 1, col. 3. [PAR] \" President McKinley Issues World's Fair Proclamation ,\" St. Louis Republic (St. Louis, MO), August 22, 1901, Page 1, Image 1, col. 4. [PAR] \" Postponed at St. Louis ,\" Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, MN), January 17, 1902, Page 1, Image 1, col. 4.[DOC] [TLE] world's fair spoons - Spoon Planet World Fairs, Columbian, Columbus, Lewis and Clark, Louisiana Purchase, AYPE, souvenir spoons [PAR] Souvenir Spoons from [PAR] THE WORLD FAIRS [PAR] World fairs were designed to show the best in human achievements. Major exhibitions of arts, business, agriculture, humanities, cultures and customs were highlighted in large cities. The study of these intriguing events is a topic onto itself. Many beautiful souvenir spoons were designed for some of these magnificent events. [PAR] Chicago 1893 [PAR] Columbian World Fair [PAR] The Chicago world fair was precedent setting. It established a pattern for all future world fairs and contributed immeasurably to the future direction of this country and the world. You will be surprised by the number of things which we take for granted today that were first highlighted by this world fair. [PAR] The 1893 Columbian World Fair in Chicago was one of the major impetuses for the collecting of silver souvenir spoons. In 1892, the fantastic \"great white city\" opened amid economic devastation in an economy that was described as a \"monetary panic\". Yet it is estimated that more varieties of souvenir spoons were created for this fair than for any other single event in history. [PAR] Because so many spoons were created for this world fair, I have created a separate series of exhibition spoons. [PAR] [PAR] Other Expositions [PAR] A number of other major expositions and more localized fairs were held and souvenir spoons were created for each of these events. The pieces shown here are not meant to be exhaustive, but merely to show some of the tremendous variety of spoons that are available to spoon and exposition collectors. [PAR] The California Mid-Winter Fair was held in San Francisco in 1894 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb Bing Crosby - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bing Crosby [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 121 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (88) | Personal Quotes (20) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Bing Crosby was born Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. in Tacoma, Washington, the fourth of seven children of Catherine Helen \"Kate\" (Harrigan) and Harry Lowe Crosby, a brewery bookkeeper. He was of English and Irish descent. Crosby studied law at Gonzaga University in Spokane but was more interested in playing the drums and singing with a local band. Bing and the band's piano player, Al Rinker , left Spokane for Los Angeles in 1925. In the early 1930s Bing's brother Everett sent a record of Bing singing \"I Surrender, Dear\" to the president of CBS. His live performances from New York were carried over the national radio network for 20 consecutive weeks in 1932. His radio success led Paramount Pictures to include him in The Big Broadcast (1932), a film featuring radio favorites. His songs about not needing a bundle of money to make life happy was the right message for the decade of the Great Depression. His relaxed, low-key style carried over into the series of \"Road\" comedies he made with pal Bob Hope . He won the best actor Oscar for playing an easygoing priest in Going My Way (1944). He showed that he was indeed an actor as well as a performer when he played an alcoholic actor down on his luck opposite Grace Kelly in The Country Girl (1954). Playing golf was what he liked to do best. He died at age 74 playing golf at a course outside Madrid, Spain, after completing a tour of England that had included a sold-out engagement at the London Palladium. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Dale O'Connor < daleoc@worldnet.att.net> [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] ( 29 September 1930 - 1 November 1952) (her death) (4 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (5) [PAR] Often played what he referred to as \"happy go-lucky fellas\" in his movies [PAR] Signature Song: \"White Christmas\" [PAR] Often worked with Bob Hope [PAR] \"Crooned\" most of the songs he sang. [PAR] Baritone voice [PAR] Trivia (88) [PAR] His eldest son Gary Crosby was vocal in criticizing Bing's violent ways as a father. He wrote a sensationalist tell-all biography titled \"Going My Own Way\" in 1983 which was touted as a \"Daddy Dearest\" about Bing. Though Lindsay Crosby and Dennis Crosby fluctuated between agreeing and disagreeing with Gary's criticisms of their father, Phillip Crosby defended Bing after the book was published. Two of the sons suffered bouts of depression, much as their mother Dixie Lee had, throughout their lives and committed suicide(Lindsay and Dennis, in 1989 and 1991, respectively). Gary died of lung cancer in 1995. Phillip died of a heart attack in 2004, having defended his father to the end. Bing's children from his second marriage, including daughter and actress Mary Crosby , praised him as a kind and loving father in later life. [PAR] Older brother of bandleader Bob Crosby . [PAR] His large ears were pinned back during his early films, until partway through She Loves Me Not (1934). [PAR] From the 1940s to the 1960s he owned 15% of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team. His cameo in Angels in the Outfield (1951) was as part-owner of the team. [PAR] Three things about Bing were frequent sources of jokes in Hollywood: his inability"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called? What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called? [PAR] What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called? [PAR] 1331 day(s) ago [PAR] Best Answer [PAR] I was totally clueless,Dixie, but here's what I found. [PAR] \"San Francisco Ballet, the oldest professional ballet company in America, has emerged as a world-class arts organization since it was founded as the San Francisco Opera Ballet in 1933. Initially, its primary purpose was to train dancers to appear in lavish, full-length opera productions.\" [PAR] I've never been to an Opera or a Ballet. [PAR] Posted 1330 day(s) ago"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] Who Were Bonnie and Clyde? [PAR] It was during the Great Depression that Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow went on their two-year crime spree (1932-1934). The general attitude in the United States was against government and Bonnie and Clyde used that to their advantage. With an image closer to Robin Hood rather than mass murderers, Bonnie and Clyde captured the imagination of the nation. [PAR] Dates: Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910 -- May 23, 1934); Clyde Barrow (March 24, 1909 -- May 23, 1934) [PAR] Also Known As: Bonnie Elizabeth Parker, Clyde Chestnut Barrow, The Barrow Gang [PAR] Overview of Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] In some ways it was easy to romanticize Bonnie and Clyde. They were a young couple in love who were out on the open road, running from the \"big, bad law\" who were \"out to get them.\" Clyde's impressive driving skill got the gang out of many close calls, while Bonnie's poetry won the hearts of many. (Clyde loved Fords so much, he even wrote a letter to Henry Ford himself!) [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] Although Bonnie and Clyde had killed people, they were equally known for kidnapping policemen who had caught up to them and then driving them around for hours only to release them, unharmed, hundreds of miles away. The two seemed like they were on an adventure, having fun while easily side-stepping the law. [PAR] As with any image, the truth behind Bonnie and Clyde was far from their portrayal in the newspapers. Bonnie and Clyde were responsible for 13 murders, some of whom were innocent people, killed during one of Clyde's many bungled robberies. Bonnie and Clyde lived out of their car, stealing new cars as often as possible, and lived off the money they stole from small grocery stores and gas stations. [PAR] While Bonnie and Clyde sometimes robbed banks, they never managed to walk away with very much money. Bonnie and Clyde were desperate criminals, constantly fearing what they were sure was to come -- dying in a hail of bullets from a police ambush. [PAR] Background of Bonnie [PAR] Bonnie Parker was born on October 1, 1910 in Rowena, Texas as the second of three children to Henry and Emma Parker. The family lived somewhat comfortably off Henry Parker's job as a bricklayer, but when he died unexpectedly in 1914, Emma Parker moved the family in with her mother in the small town of Cement City, Texas (now part of Dallas). [PAR] From all accounts, Bonnie Parker was beautiful. She stood 4' 11\" and weighed a mere 90 pounds. She did well in school and loved to write poetry. ( Two poems that she wrote while on the run helped make her famous.) [PAR] Bored with her average life, Bonnie dropped out of school at age 16 and married Roy Thornton. The marriage wasn't a happy one and Roy began to spend a lot of time away from home by 1927. Two years later, Roy was caught for robbery and sentenced to five years in prison. They never divorced. [PAR] While Roy was away, Bonnie worked as a waitress; however, she was out of a job just as the Great Depression was really getting started at the end of 1929. [PAR] Background of Clyde [PAR] Clyde Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 in Telico, Texas as the sixth of eight children to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Capone\u2019s Early Years in New York [PAR] Alphonse Capone (1899\u20131947) was born in Brooklyn, New York , the son of recent Italian immigrants Gabriele and Teresina Capone. A poor family that came to America seeking a better life, the Capones and their eight children lived a typical immigrant lifestyle in a New York tenement. Capone\u2019s father was as a barber, and his mother was a seamstress. There was nothing in Capone\u2019s childhood or family life that could have predicted his rise to infamy as America\u2019s most notorious gangster. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Capone earned $60 million annually selling illegal liquor. [PAR] Capone was a good student in his Brooklyn elementary school, but began falling behind and had to repeat the sixth grade. It was around that time that he started playing hooky and hanging out at the Brooklyn docks. One day, Capone\u2019s teacher hit him for insolence and he struck back. The principal gave him a beating, and Capone never again returned to school. By this time, the Capones had moved out of the tenement to a better home in the outskirts of the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn. It was here that Capone would meet both his future wife, Mary (Mae) Coughlin, and his mob mentor, numbers racketeer Johnny Torrio. [PAR] Capone Meets Johnny Torrio [PAR] Torrio was running a numbers and gambling operation near Capone\u2019s home when Capone began running small errands for him. Although Torrio left Brooklyn for Chicago in 1909, the two remained close. Early on, Capone stuck to legitimate employment, working in a munitions factory and as a paper cutter. He did spend some time among the street gangs in Brooklyn, but aside from occasional scrapes, his gang activities were mostly uneventful. [PAR] In 1917, Torrio introduced Capone to the gangster Frankie Yale, who employed Capone as bartender and bouncer at the Harvard Inn in Coney Island. It was there that Capone earned his nickname \u201cScarface.\u201d One night, he made an indecent remark to a woman at the bar. Her brother punched Capone, then slashed him across the face, leaving three indelible scars that inspired his enduring nickname. [PAR] Capone in Chicago [PAR] When Capone was 19, he married Mae Coughlin just weeks after the birth of their child, Albert Francis. His former boss and friend Johnny Torrio was the boy\u2019s godfather. Now a husband and a father, Capone wanted to do right by his family, so he moved to Baltimore where he took an honest job as a bookkeeper for a construction company. But when Capone\u2019s father died of a heart attack in 1920, Torrio invited him to come to Chicago. Capone jumped at the opportunity. [PAR] In Chicago, Torrio was presiding over a booming business in gambling and prostitution, but with the enactment in 1920 of the 18th Amendment prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol, Torrio focused on a new, more lucrative field: bootlegging. As a former petty thug and bookkeeper, Capone brought both his street smarts and his expertise with numbers to Torrio\u2019s Chicago operations. Torrio recognized Capone\u2019s skills and quickly promoted him to partner. But unlike the low-profile Torrio, Capone began to develop a reputation as a drinker and rabble-rouser. After hitting a parked taxicab while driving drunk, he was arrested for the first time. Torrio quickly used his city government connections to get him off. [PAR] Capone cleaned up his act when his family arrived from Brooklyn. His wife and son, along with his mother, younger brothers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alkatraz Island San Francisco Bay - SF To Do Alkatraz Island San Francisco Bay [PAR] San Francisco Hotels [PAR] The history of the island includes military use as a fort, an army prison camp, a Native American peace community, and the location of America's most dangerous criminals. The prison held Al Scarface Capone and Robert \"The Birdman\" Stroud. The island was featured in movies including Escape from Alcatraz with Clint Eastwood and The Rock with Sean Connery. For prisoners, the worst torture was how close, but unattainable, was life in San Francisco. At night, prisoners could even hear parties and laughter across the bay. [PAR] The island is also a wildlife sanctuary with birds, and tide pools filled with crabs and sea-stars. Western gull and black-crowned heron colonies are prevalent. Roses still grow by the old Warden's house. Here is what you will see on your visit to Alcatraz . [PAR] Sarah writes, \"Went to Alcatraz...kind of spiritual place not in a religious sense but felt like people from the past were watching me....you listen to a walkman with recordings from inmates and wardens as you walk round and I nearly had a complete anxiety attack in the solitary confinement cell ...what a bastard of a place to spend a decade or too.....too many good views of the city..so close yet so far away...went on a guided walk and heard about the \"great escapes\" which was kind of cool....\"[DOC] [TLE] Alcatraz Tickets - Visit San Francisco's Famous Prison Alcatraz Tickets & Tours - Visit San Francisco's Famous Prison [PAR] Duration: [PAR] Approximately 2 1/2 hours plus 1 hour Bay Cruise [PAR] Cruise on San Francisco Bay to Alcatraz Island and the infamous and notorious former federal prison - home to the likes of Al Capone, George \"Machine Gun\" Kelley, and Robert \"The Birdman\" Stroud. Tour the Island and the prison. Includes audio Cell Block Tour. And take a 1 hour cruise on San Francisco Bay from the Golden Gate Bridge to the Bay Bridge. Please note that the ferry to Alcatraz and the cruise of the San Francisco Bay are on two separate vessels. These vessels depart from two different piers in San Francisco. [PAR] From: $75.45 US Dollars"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education The Life and Crimes of Al Capone [PAR] Updated February 29, 2016. [PAR] Who Was Al Capone? [PAR] Al Capone was a notorious gangster who ran an organized crime syndicate in Chicago during the 1920s, taking advantage of the era of Prohibition . Capone, who was both charming and charitable as well as powerful and vicious, became an iconic figure of the successful American gangster. [PAR] Dates: January 17, 1899 -- January 25, 1947 [PAR] Also Known As: Alphonse Capone, Scarface [PAR] Al Capone's Childhood [PAR] Al Capone was the fourth of nine children born to Gabriele and Teresina (Teresa) Capone. Although Capone's parents had emigrated from Italy, Al Capone grew up in Brooklyn, New York . [PAR] From all known accounts, Capone's childhood was a normal one. His father was a barber and his mother stayed home with the children. They were a tight-knit Italian family who were trying to succeed in their new country. [PAR] Like many immigrant families at the time, the Capone children often dropped out of school early to help earn money for the family. Al Capone stayed in school until he was 14 and then left to take a number of odd jobs. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The St. Valentine's Day Massacre [PAR] Around the same time, Capone joined a street gang called the South Brooklyn Rippers and then later the Five Points Juniors. These were groups of teenagers who roamed the streets, protected their turf from rival gangs, and sometimes carried out petty crimes like stealing cigarettes. [PAR] Scarface [PAR] It was through the Five Points gang that Al Capone came to the attention of brutal New York mobster Frankie Yale. In 1917, 18-year-old Al Capone went to work for Yale at the Harvard Inn as a bartender and as a waiter and bouncer when needed. Capone watched and learned as Yale used violence to maintain control over his empire. [PAR] One day while working at the Harvard Inn, Capone saw a man and woman sitting at a table. After his initial advances were ignored, Capone went up to the good-looking woman and whispered in her ear, \"Honey, you have a nice ass and I mean that as a compliment.\" The man with her was her brother, Frank Gallucio. [PAR] Defending his sister's honor, Gallucio punched Capone. However, Capone didn't let it end there; he decided to fight back. Gallucio then took out a knife and slashed at Capone's face, managing to cut Capone's left cheek three times (one of which cut Capone from ear to mouth). The scars left from this attack led to Capone's nickname of \"Scarface,\" a name he personally hated. [PAR] Family Life [PAR] Not long after this attack, Al Capone met Mary (\"Mae\") Coughlin, who was pretty, blonde, middle-class, and came from a respectable Irish family. A few months after they started dating, Mae became pregnant. Al Capone and Mae got married on December 30, 1918, three weeks after their son (Albert Francis Capone, a.k.a. \"Sonny\") was born. Sonny was to remain Capone's only child. [PAR] Throughout the rest of his life, Al Capone kept his family and his business interests completely separate. Capone was a doting father and husband, taking great care in keeping his family safe, cared for, and out of the spotlight. [PAR] However, despite his love for his family, Capone did have a number of mistresses over the years. Plus, unknown to him at the time, Capone contracted syphilis from a prostitute before he met Mae. Since the symptoms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com 70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] World |70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] At least 70 people, including 60 foreign tourists, were killed outside a 3,400-year-old temple here this morning, in what Government officials called the deadliest attack by Islamic militants in their five-year campaign to overthrow the Egyptian Government. [PAR] While the militants had attacked foreigners in the past, today's strike brought the violence for the first time to the tombs and temples here that have attracted so many visitors in recent years that Luxor had come to resemble a Pharaonic theme park. [PAR] At 8:45 this morning, as tourists left their buses and walked toward a staircase leading to the Temple of Hatshepsut, they ran into what was apparently a carefully planned ambush by six gunmen who concealed themselves in the structure. [PAR] The battle between militants and the police that followed sent gunfire crackling for three hours among the sites on the west bank of the Nile, which is home to the famed Valley of the Kings and the tomb of Tutankhamen. Egyptian authorities said all six attackers were killed. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Egypt's Interior Ministry said the dead among the tourists included Swiss, Germans and Japanese. The British Foreign Office said six Britons were among the victims. United States officials said they had not been told that any Americans were among the dead. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The massacre seemed bound to exact a heavy toll on an economy that depends heavily on foreign tourism. Only last month, the temple was the scene of a gala moonlight performance of Verdi's opera ''Aida'' sponsored by the Egyptian Government, which has been trying to draw even more tourists to Luxor. The total is now two million a year. [PAR] Tonight, a very different mood was cast by the flashing red light of a solitary police vehicle that stood watch outside the massive structure, which is partly carved into a limestone cliff. Armed policemen barred reporters from the scene and from a nearby hospital that had been turned into a mortuary for the victims. [PAR] Hours after the early-morning attack, the details of what happened remained imprecise. The Government gave no breakdown by nationality of those who were killed, and it did not say whether any group had taken responsibility for the attack. [PAR] But an Egyptian taxi driver wounded in the shooting said in a hospital here tonight that the attackers had worn red headbands identifying them as members of the Islamic Group, the largest of the militant organizations fighting to topple the Government of President Hosni Mubarak and replace it with an Islamic state. [PAR] Reuters and Agence France- Presse quoted reports that pamphlets left at the scene of the attack appeared to link it to the Islamic Group. And Egypt's official television referred to the attackers as ''terrorist elements.'' President Hosni Mubarak convened an emergency meeting of his Cabinet tonight. [PAR] Mr. Mubarak made no public statement, but the Tourism Minister, Mamdou el-Beltagi, told reporters at a travel fair in London that he felt ''shock and sorrow'' at ''this cowards' crime committed against our guests and Egyptians as well.'' The minister was quoted as saying that the Government was doing all it could to protect tourists, but added that it was too early to predict the impact of the massacre on Egypt's $3 billion-a-year"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Butch Cassidy | HistoryNet Read More in Wild West Magazine [PAR] Subscribe online and save nearly 40%!!! [PAR] In May 1913, a Missouri carpenter named Francis M. Lowe was arrested in La Paz on suspicion of being George Parker (Butch\u2019s real name, according to the Pinkertons\u2019 wanted posters). With the aid of the American Legation, Lowe established that his was a case of mistaken identity. In filing a report on the matter, an official at the legation advised U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan that \u2018certain Englishmen and others here assert that a man known as George Parker [whom the La Paz police were seeking] had been killed in one of the provinces two or three years ago while resisting\u2019 arrest. [PAR] Shortly before Lowe was detained, William A. Pinkerton had heard about the San Vicente shootout, but had dismissed \u2018the whole story as a fake.\u2019 The agency never officially called off the search for Butch and Sundance. Indeed, in 1921, Mr. Pinkerton told an agent that \u2018the last we heard of [the Sundance Kid]\u2026he was in jail in Peru for an attempted bank robbery. Butch Cassidy had been with him but got away and is supposed to have returned to the Argentine.\u2019 Needless to say, the Pinkertons never caught up with the pair. [PAR] This article was written by Anne Meadows and Daniel Buck and originally appeared in the February 1997 issue of Wild West. For more great articles, order your subscription of Wild West magazine today! [PAR] Featured Article [PAR] Cassidy: I\u2019m Butch Cassidy. [PAR] Powers: Well, what can I do for you? [PAR] Cassidy: I\u2019ll tell you. There\u2019s a heap of charges out against me and considerable money offered for me in rewards. I\u2019m getting sick of hiding out; always on the run and never able to stay long in one place. Now, when it comes to facts, I\u2019ve kept close track of things and I know there ain\u2019t a man left in the country who can go on the stand and identify me for any crime. All of them have either died or gone away. I\u2019ve been thinking. Why can\u2019t I go and just give myself up and stand trial on one of those old charges? [PAR] Powers: No use. You\u2019ve robbed too many big corporations in your time. I do not doubt what you say, but if you were ever to go on trial you can depend on it, some one of those companies would bring someone to the stand who\u2019d swear against you. No, you\u2019ll have to keep on the run, I\u2019m afraid. [PAR] In substance, the two versions vary little, and had either author paraphrased the conversation, the slight differences would have likely gone unnoticed. However, both Kelly and Greene chose to report the conversation verbatim. Even then, the most notable difference concerns how Butch Cassidy was dressed. Kelly says \u2018well-dressed,\u2019 which suggests city clothes, while Greene says \u2018overalls and a blue denim jumper,\u2019 as if Cassidy had recently come off the trail. Granted, this is a minor inconsistency, but it does raise one\u2019s curiosity. [PAR] Something else in Kelly\u2019s version is bothersome. He says Butch introduced himself to Powers as \u2018George\u2019 LeRoy Parker. Cassidy\u2019s real name was Robert LeRoy Parker, a fact later verified by his family and by church records. It\u2019s true that during his outlaw career Butch did use the name George Cassidy, and throughout his book Charles Kelly mistakenly refers to him as George. However, if Butch chose to bare his soul to Powers and seek his help, would he not have used his real name?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records ... Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records - Swimming World News [PAR] Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin\u2019s Records [PAR] By Craig Lord [PAR] THE names Michelle Smith and Michelle Smith de Bruin are to be locked in a trunk and left to gather dust in the dungeons of Irish swimming history in a carefully worded new constitution that bars suspended swimmers from holding records and will confine the triple Olympic champion to a century past. [PAR] Smith de Bruin, serving a four-year suspension for tampering with a drug test sample, will effectively become a non-person when Swim Ireland launches its own Year Zero on January 1, 2000. The new governing body for the sport has called on current record holders to apply for their records to be included in a new book of records from that date. [PAR] Ireland\u2019s greatest Olympian can apply. However, the 26 Irish records that the shamed swimmer set since 1994 \u2013 including the three she set to win three Olympic titles in Atlanta in 1996 after she married suspended Dutch athlete Erik de Bruin \u2013 will not be eligible for inclusion, the constitution clearly stating that those swimmers who were or are suspended by FINA, the international governing body, will not be considered. [PAR] A FINA source said that the new records established by Swim Ireland, as the affiliated member, would become official. If that were the case, the times set by Smith to win her three Olympic titles would no longer be registered in the official world rankings book as Irish records but would still be included on the list of the all-time fastest 25 performances. [PAR] Those would remain the only references to Smith\u2019s career from January 1, the only international record she ever set, the European short-course record in the 200m butterfly, having been broken by Denmark\u2019s Mette Jacobsen at the world short-course championships in April. [PAR] Swim Ireland\u2019s break with the past represents a final humiliation for Smith de Bruin in Ireland, coming as it does on the coat-tails of the scandal over Derry O\u2019Rourke, a former coach to Smith and the national team, who was jailed for sex crimes and whose case prompted a Government inquiry into Irish swimming that led to the disbanding of the federation. Swim Ireland is the replacement body. Smith was not involved in the O\u2019Rourke court case. [PAR] Sean Gordon, the Irish recorder, has long called for Smith de Bruin\u2019s records to be annulled on the basis that no Irish woman would \u201cbe able to break a swimming record for the next 30 years\u201d. When Irish freestyler Nick O\u2019Hare said on Irish radio recently that Irish girls would come along and break Smith de Bruin\u2019s records, it was Gordon, tongue firmly in cheek, who invited O\u2019Hare to attempt to break the Olympian\u2019s 400m freestyle time himself. Only two men in Ireland have ever swum faster that Smith de Bruin over distance freestyle events. [PAR] One Irish woman, Chantal Gibney, has in fact, broken one of Smith\u2019s records, the rarely raced 50m freestyle short-course. Smith de Bruin never raced the event in serious competition, prompting Gordon to say: \u201cShe could have broken Chantal\u2019s record with her overcoat on.\u201d [PAR] Previous attempts to strip Smith de Bruin of her records since she was suspended from the sport last year for placing alcohol in a urine sample that subsequently proved to contain the banned steroid Androstenedione, seemed futile, there being no legal argument against the fact that the swimmer set her records before she was suspended. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ... Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo Escobar and the Failed War on Drugs | The Daily Bell [PAR] Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo Escobar and the Failed War on Drugs [PAR] By Anthony Wile - July 13, 2014 [PAR] Introduction: Roberto Escobar Gaviria, an entrepreneur in Colombia, is the brother of the late Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, and former chief accountant, \"right-hand man and administrative brains\" of the Escobar operation (Whitewash: Pablo Escobar and the Cocaine Wars, p 23). Roberto spent more than 11 years in a maximum-security prison in Itag\u00fci, south of Medellin, Colombia. Escobar is author of The Accountant's Sto ry: Inside the Violent World of the Medellin Cartel: The True Story of Pablo Escobar (2009), Escobar: The Inside Story of Pablo Escobar, the World's Most Powerful Criminal (2009) and Mi Hermano Pablo (2008). [PAR] While Roberto was becoming a world-class cyclist as a young man, eventually winning numerous national and international medals, coach of the Colombian national cycling team and opening his own bicycle factory, Pablo was embarking on a life of crime. From stealing tombstones in his youth and smuggling contraband, he eventually began smuggling cocaine paste from Peru into Colombia where it was processed. After taking over the existing operations of murdered drug lord Fabio Restrepo, the Medellin cartel's operations eventually expanded into exporting cocaine internationally, including into the US. Roberto reluctantly joined Pablo in the drug smuggling business \u2013 out of necessity, says Roberto \u2013 when the government began pursuing extended family members who were not involved in Pablo's business, even imprisoning Roberto's wife at one time. Roberto Escobar told the Irish Times in 2009, \"I managed the telephones, the books. I never got involved in terrorism, or killings, and I criticised [Pablo] many times for that.\" [PAR] In 1989, Pablo Escobar was listed by Forbes as the 7th richest man in the world, his fortune of an estimated $25 billion amassed through control of as much as 80% of the world's cocaine traffic. Forbes wrote: [PAR] [Pablo] Escobar's biography from the 1987 inaugural Forbes Billionaires issue reads like a how-to guide for ambitious, P.R.-savvy entrepreneurs: from a lowly position as smuggler, enforcer and bodyguard, Escobar worked his way to the top, first by saving enough money to invest in his own cocaine business. By 1978, Escobar was moving about 35 kilos of coke a month out of Medellin. He took over a Medellin newspaper, became influential in politics, and successfully ran for public office. He built houses for the poor, soccer fields, and a zoo for the public. Eventually, he was indicted on charges of cocaine marketing, money laundering, and contract killing. In 1987, Escobar controlled an estimated 40% of the Medellin drug cartel's business, and had accumulated at least $3 billion over the years, Forbes reported. Escobar remained on the Forbes Billionaires List for seven years, appearing for the final time in the July 1993 Billionaires issue. Five months later he was killed. [PAR] When the Escobars ran out of banks in which to store their fortune they resorted to hiding cash in homes, ranches and warehouses and burying it in the ground. Roberto has written the organization spent as much as $2,500 each month just on rubber bands to hold together the endless stacks of money and that much of the fortune \u2013 they wrote off 10% each year to spoilage \u2013 was lost to rot and rats. Much of the cash, according to Roberto, has never been retrieved since Pablo's December 2, 1993 death on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ... Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Actress Sharon Tate found murdered [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Actress Sharon Tate found murdered [PAR] Author [PAR] Actress Sharon Tate found murdered [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1969, the 26-year-old actress Sharon Tate, the pregnant wife of acclaimed movie director Roman Polanski (Rosemary\u2019s Baby, Chinatown), is found murdered along with four other people at her Los Angeles home. The gruesome crime, in which the killers scrawled messages on the walls with the victims\u2019 blood, sent Hollywood into a state of panic. The career criminal and cult leader Charles Manson and his followers, who lived together on the outskirts of L.A. in a commune where drug use and orgies were common, were later convicted for the murders. [PAR] Sharon Marie Tate was born January 24, 1943, in Dallas, Texas. She moved to Los Angeles in the early 1960s to pursue acting, eventually appearing in such films as Eye of the Devil (1966); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967), which was directed by Polanski; Valley of the Dolls (1967), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination; The Wrecking Crew (1969) and The Thirteen Chairs (1969). [PAR] Tate and Polanski were married in January 1968. The director was out of the country on the night of August 8, 1969, when Tate, who was due to give birth in a matter of weeks, and her friends, including the coffee heiress Abigail Folger and the celebrity hairstylist Jay Sebring, were shot or stabbed to death at Tate and Polanski\u2019s rented home on Cielo Drive in Benedict Canyon. The Tate-Polanski home reportedly was chosen as a target because Manson had unsuccessfully attempted to get a recording deal from a producer who used to live there. Manson\u2019s subsequent trial became a national spectacle, during which he exhibited bizarre, violent behavior. He was convicted and given the death penalty, a sentence that was commuted to life behind bars when the California Supreme Court overturned the death penalty law in 1972. Since his trial, Manson has become a criminal icon and the subject of numerous books and films, notably the bestselling 1974 true crime book Helter Skelter, co-authored by Vincent Bugliosi, the Los Angeles County assistant district attorney who successfully prosecuted Manson and his followers. [PAR] In 1977, Polanski became embroiled in controversy after he pled guilty to engaging in unlawful sex with a 13-year-old girl and later fled the United States to avoid a possible prison sentence. The director continued to make movies, but has not returned to America, where he could be arrested. At the 2002 Academy Awards, Polanski was awarded the Best Director Oscar in absentia for his wrenching Holocaust-era film The Pianist. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ... Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a killing spree 45 years ago in California - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Next [PAR] Charles Manson [PAR] More than four decades ago, the 1969 murder of pregnant actress Sharon Tate and four others in Los Angeles by Charles Manson and \"the family,\" as his followers were called, shocked the nation. The killings were part of a series of nine murders that took place over five weeks in California. [PAR] In 1971, Manson was found guilty of conspiracy to commit the murders of seven people, including Tate. He was sentenced to be executed, but his sentence was changed to life in prison when the death"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Columbine High School shootings | massacre, Littleton ... Columbine High School shootings | massacre, Littleton, Colorado, United States [1999] | Britannica.com [PAR] Columbine High School shootings [PAR] massacre, Littleton, Colorado, United States [1999] [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Rosewood riot of 1923 [PAR] Columbine High School shootings, massacre that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, leaving 15 dead, including the two students responsible for the attack. It was one of the deadliest school shooting incidents in American history. [PAR] Three teenagers consoling each other at a vigil service in Denver to honour the victims of the \u2026 [PAR] Laura Rauch/AP [PAR] The shootings were carried out by Eric Harris, age 18, and Dylan Klebold, age 17. On April 20, 1999, they entered Columbine High School in Jefferson county with semiautomatic rifles, pistols, and several explosives. In less than 20 minutes they killed 12 fellow students and a teacher and wounded 21 others. The violence came to an end when Harris and Klebold took their own lives. Officials later found two propane tank bombs in the cafeteria; had they detonated, the death toll would have been much higher. [PAR] News of the Columbine tragedy stunned the country. There was strong criticism of the slow police response. Despite the fact that the shooting ended by noon, police and sheriff\u2019s deputies, believing there was continuing danger, did not move into the shooting area until several more hours had passed, during which time some victims bled to death. In the larger view, the Columbine massacre set off a national debate on how to end gun violence in schools, and a growing number of schools throughout the country invested in private security forces and metal detectors. [PAR] The official Jefferson County Sheriff\u2019s Office account of the events included this moving coda: [PAR] While this report establishes a record of the events of April 20, it cannot answer the most fundamental question\u2014WHY? That is, why would two young men, in the spring of their lives, choose to murder faculty members and classmates? The evidence provides no definitive explanation, and the question continues to haunt us all. [PAR] While our community struggles with that question and grieves those who were lost, we remain united in one hope\u2014that our nation shall never see anything resembling the tragedy at Columbine High School again. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Columbine High School shooting - HISTORY.com Columbine High School shootings - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Columbine High School shootings [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] On April 20, 1999, two teens went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide. The crime was the worst high school shooting in U.S. history and prompted a national debate on gun control and school safety, as well as a major investigation to determine what motivated the gunmen, Eric Harris, 18, and Dylan Klebold, 17. There was speculation that the two committed the killings because they had been bullied, were members of a group of social outcasts that was fascinated by Goth culture, or had been influenced by violent video games and music; however none of these theories was ever proven. [PAR] Google [PAR] Columbine Shootings: April 20, 1999 [PAR] At approximately 11:19 a.m., Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, dressed in trench coats, began shooting fellow students outside Columbine High School, located in a suburb south of Denver. The pair then moved inside the school, where they gunned down many of their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre [PAR] Author [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Fourmen dressed as police officers enter gangster Bugs Moran\u2019s headquarters on North Clark Street in Chicago, line seven of Moran\u2019s henchmen against a wall, and shoot them to death. The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre, as it is now called, was the culmination of a gang war between arch rivals Al Capone and Bugs Moran. [PAR] George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran was a career criminal who ran the North Side gang in Chicago during the bootlegging era of the 1920s. He fought bitterly with \u201cScarface\u201d Al Capone for control of smuggling and trafficking operations in the Windy City. Throughout the 1920s, both survived several attempted murders. On one notorious occasion, Moran and his associates drovesix cars past a hotel in Cicero, Illionis, where Capone and his associates were having lunch and showered the building with more than 1,000 bullets. [PAR] A $50,000 bounty on Capone\u2019s head was the final straw for the gangster. He ordered that Moran\u2019s gang be destroyed. On February 14, a delivery of bootleg whiskey was expected at Moran\u2019s headquarters. But Moran was late and happened to see police officers entering his establishment. Moran waited outside, thinking that his gunmen inside were being arrested in a raid. However, the disguised assassins were actually killing the seven men inside. [PAR] The murdered men included Moran\u2019s best killers, Frank and Pete Gusenberg. Reportedly Frank was still alive when real officers appeared on the scene. When asked who had shot him, the mortally wounded Gusenberg kept his code of silence, responding, \u201cNo one, nobody shot me.\u201d [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre actually proved to be the last confrontation for both Capone and Moran. Capone was jailed in 1931 and Moran lost so many important men that he could no longer control his territory. On the seventh anniversary of the massacre, Jack McGurn, one of the Valentine\u2019s Day hit men,was killed him in a crowded bowling alley with a burst of machine-gun fire. [PAR] McGurn\u2019s killer remains unidentified, but was likely Moran, though hewas never charged with the murder. Moran was relegated to small-time robberies until he was sent to jail in 1946. He died in Leavenworth Federal Prison in 1957 of lung cancer. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune [PAR] St. Valentine's Day Massacre [PAR] Feb. 13, 2016 [PAR] On Feb. 14, 1929, seven men were lined up against the wall in a North Side garage and gunned down execution-style. The infamous mob hit became known as the St. Valentine's Day massacre. Five known members of George 'Bugs' Moran's gang, one associate and a garage worker were killed. The hit was allegedly orchestrated by rival mob boss Al Capone, who was conveniently at his Florida home at the time. [PAR] Next \u25b6 [PAR] Link to this photo [PAR] The bodies of six of the seven men slain on Feb. 14, 1929, in the S. M. C. Cartage Company garage at 2122 N. Clark St. on Chicago's North Side in what became known as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, sprawl on a floor and a chair. Several of the dead were members of a North Side gang run by George \"Bugs\" Moran, who had a rivalry with Al Capone and his gang. \u2014 Chicago Tribune historical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sweeney Todd - Time Out London The History of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street - Time Out London - Time Out London [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter as Mrs Lovett the pie-maker [PAR] The story begins in the 1830s with one Edward Lloyd, an enterprising publisher of \u2018penny dreadfuls\u2019 who aimed his cheap weekly serials squarely at the working poor. Titles like \u2018The Calendar of Horrors\u2019 and \u2018Varney the Vampire\u2019 (a famous blood-sucking fiend, 50 years before Dracula) give some idea of his subject matter. He also specialised in pirated versions of Dickens' works at a time when copyright law counted for little. Thus poorer readers could buy a budget copy of his \u2018Oliver Twiss\u2019 or \u2018Nikelas Nickelbery\u2019. Lloyd would later found a radical/liberal newspaper and become quite respectable. [PAR] Nonetheless, his main legacy to modern culture was a story called \u2018The String of Pearls\u2019 published in a weekly magazine during the winter of 1846/47, written by an anonymous penny-a-word hack. Set in 1785, it features as principal villain a certain Sweeney Todd (\u2018a long, low-jointed, ill-put-together sort of fellow\u2019), and includes all the plot elements that have been used by Sondheim and others ever since. There is the barber\u2019s shop, from which a remarkable number of customers never return (courtesy of a chair that flips them upside down, plunging them to their deaths in the stone-floored cellar), an ill-used apprentice boy (who is consigned to a lunatic asylum, a pair of deeply uninteresting star-crossed lovers (obligatory in any Victorian popular fiction) and the enterprising Mrs Lovett, whose pies are finally discovered to contain something rather more exotic than mince. [PAR] \u2018The String of Pearls\u2019 isn\u2019t great literature, but Lloyd was on to something. The psychopathic barber\u2019s story proved instantly popular: it was turned into a play before the ending had even been revealed in print. An expanded edition appeared in 1850, an American version in 1852, a new play in 1865. By the 1870s, Sweeney Todd was a familiar character to most Victorians. Nothing so strange in that, perhaps; except that, according to contemporary accounts, most of them seem to have believed that Todd was real. [PAR] Alan Rickman as Judge Turpin\" width=\"210\" height=\"139\" /> [PAR] A very close shave for Alan Rickman 's Judge Turpin [PAR] Lloyd himself is largely to blame for a confusion that\u2019s lasted for more than 150 years. He was a genius at marketing and knew the value of a so-called true story, not least one conveniently just beyond living memory. In a preface to an expanded edition, he stated that \u2018there certainly was such a man; and the record of his crimes is still to be found in the chronicles of criminality of this country\u2019. And it was this assertion, now easily disproved by records from the period, that stuck. So much so, in fact, that the recently deceased connoisseur of pulp fiction, Peter Haining, once published a book claiming to have found \u2018proof\u2019 of Todd\u2019s existence. Unfortunately, all of Haining\u2019s proof is \u2013 let\u2019s be generous \u2013 rather difficult to verify; indeed, the book is a carefully planned hoax. [PAR] It seems much more likely that the story originated in urban myth. Dickens himself in \u2018Martin Chuzzlewit\u2019 (1843/44) mentions facetiously \u2018preparers of cannibalic pastry, who are represented in many standard country legends as doing a lively retail business in the Metropolis\u2019. Even today, most of us have heard scare stories of various bits of anatomy appearing in fast food. Imagine, then, how it must have been in mid-Victorian London, when food was frequently coloured and doctored to make"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In the year 1990, Idaho and which other state celebrated the In the year 1990, Idaho and which other state celebrated the centenary of joining the Union? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] In the year 1990, Idaho and which other state celebrated the centenary of joining the Union? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 14, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] In the year 1990, Idaho and which other state celebrated the centenary of joining the Union? [PAR] JackieFuller posted a question \u00b7 Jun 14, 2016 at 6:18am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Attached is a detailed explanation... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30123547) ]} [PAR] nicholasphil24 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 14, 2016 at 6:19am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] 1 comment [PAR] Wyoming is a western state defined by vast plains and the Rocky Mountains. Its famed Yellowstone National Park, a nearly 3,500-sq.-mile wilderness recreation area, is home to hundreds of animal species, dramatic canyons and alpine rivers. The park's gushing geysers include the iconic Old Faithful. To the south is Grand Teton National Park, known for backcountry skiing, forested hikes and Snake River fishing. Capital: Cheyenne Population: 584,153 (2014) State flower: Castilleja linariifolia State bird: Western meadowlark Nicknames: Cowboy State, Equality State, Big Wyoming [PAR] peterkivuva61 [PAR] Jun 14, 2016 at 6:20am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30123553) ]}[DOC] [TLE] Basqueheritage Basqueheritage [PAR] 19.- Wyoming and Montana [PAR] 19.1 ETCHEPARE AND WYOMING [PAR] In Wyoming, Paul/John Etchepare's Warren Livestock Co. was the biggest sheep operation in the state for years. There are two concentrations of Basques, namely in Buffalo, to the north, and in Rock Springs, to the southwest. Like Idaho, Wyoming also celebrated the first centenary of its admission to the Union in 1990. [PAR] 19.2 IN BUFFALO SINCE 1902 [PAR] Buffalo, the capital of Johnson County, is a small town of somewhat fewer than three thousand five hundred inhabitants, among them several hundred Basques. There were Basques there as early as 1902, with the arrival of Jean Esponda, from Baigorri, already weather-beaten from his life in the sheep business, in which he had worked in California since 1888. It would appear that in 1919 Esponda, a man with initiative, already had one of the biggest sheep operations in Wyoming, at one time with as many as 25,000 head. [PAR] [PAR] 19.3 HOTELS AND KBBS BASQUE PROGRAM [PAR] In Buffalo there were a few Basque hotels. The building of one of them, the Idlewild, wich was run by Simon \"Barbon\" and Madeline Harriet, is still found on Main Street today. Next to the Idlewild is a building that in its day housed another Basque establishment, the 21 Club. The Big Horn Basque Club, today comprised of seventy-two families, was formed in 1983. From 1956 to 2000, the local radio station KBBS broadcasted a weekly program of news and information in the Basque language. [PAR] 19.4 NO CLUB IN MONTANA [PAR] At the other end of the state, Rock Springs is the site of the Alkartasuna South Western Basque Club, formed in 1990 with members from all over southwestern Wyoming. It boasts dance classes, a choir, classes in Euskara, and a bertsolari. In the early decades of the 20th century there were at least three Basque hotels there. In Montana, Basque presence is associated, as in the entire Great Basin, with shepherding. Miles City is one of the towns that in its day had an ostatua. Major ranches were operated in Montana by Basques, among them that of John Etchart in Glasgow. Although Montana does not have an official Basque club, Basques there have organized an annual"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of the Eight Main Islands of Hawaii - About.com Education List of the Eight Main Islands of Hawaii [PAR] 1. Hawaii (the Big Island) [PAR] The island of Hawaii, also known as the Big Island, is the largest of Hawaii's main islands with a total area of 4,028 square miles (10,432 sq km). It is also the largest island in the United States and it, like the other islands of Hawaii was formed by a hotspot in the Earth's crust. It is the most recently formed of Hawaii's islands and as such it is the only one that is still volcanically active. The Big Island is home to three active volcanoes and Kilauea is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The highest point on the Big Island is the dormant volcano, Mauna Kea at 13,796 feet (4,205 m). [PAR] The Big Island as a total population of 148,677 (as of 2000) and its largest cities are Hilo and Kailua-Kona (normally called Kona). More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] 2. Maui [PAR] Maui is the second largest of Hawaii's main islands with a total area of 727 square miles (1,883.5 sq km). It has a population of 117,644 people (as of 2000) and its largest town is Wailuku. Maui's nickname is the Valley Isle and its topography reflects its name. There are lowlands along its coasts with several different mountain ranges that are separated by valleys. The highest point on Maui is Haleakala at 10,023 feet (3,055 m). Maui is known for its beaches and natural environment. [PAR] Maui's economy is based mainly on agriculture and tourism and its main agricultural products are coffee, macadamia nuts, flowers, sugar, papaya and pineapple. Wailuku is the largest city on Maui but other towns include Kihei, Lahaina, Paia Kula and Hana. More \u00bb [PAR] 3. Oahu [PAR] Oahu is the third largest island of Hawaii and with a total area of 597 square miles (1,545 sq km). It is called the Gathering Place because it is the largest of the islands by population and it is the center of Hawaii's government and economy. Oahu's population 953,307 people (2010 estimate). The largest city on Oahu is Honolulu which is also the capital of the state of Hawaii. Oahu is also the home of the largest U.S. Navy fleet in the Pacific at Pearl Harbor . [PAR] Oahu's topography consists of two main mountain ranges that are separated by a valley as wella as coastal plains that ring the island. Oahu's beaches and shops make it one of Hawaii's most visited islands. Some of Oahu's top attractions are Pearl Harbor, the North Shore and Waikiki. More \u00bb [PAR] 4. Kauai [PAR] Kauai is the fourth largest of Hawaii's main islands and it has a total area of 562 square miles (1,430 sq km). It is the oldest of the main islands as it is located the farthest away from the hotspot that formed the islands. As such its mountains are more highly eroded and its highest point is Kawaikini at 5,243 feet (1,598 m). Kauai's mountain ranges are rugged however and the island is known for its steep cliffs and rugged coastline. [PAR] Kauai is known as the Garden Isle for its undeveloped land and forests. It is also home to the Waimea Canyon and Na Pali Coast state parks. Tourism is the main industry on Kauai and it is located 105 miles (170 km) northwest of Oahu. Kauai's population is 65,689 (as of 2008). More \u00bb [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] (Example: Apollo , 1928.) He founded the New York City ... Example Apollo 1928 He founded the New York City Ballet in - DAN - 2307 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Modern choreographers. (Example: Apollo , 1928.) He founded the New York City Ballet in 1948. \uf0b7 Postmodern dance in the 1970s and \u201980s saw the emergence of conscious synthesis between ballet and Modern styles. Collaborations between ballet dancer and choreographer Mikhail Baryshnikov and Modern choreographer Twyla Tharp , such as Push Comes to Shove (1976), are particularly notable. 20th Century With time, Petipa's choreographic method settled into a formula. Fokine called for greater expressiveness and more authenticity in choreography, scenery, and costume. He was able to realize his ideas through the Ballets Russes, a new company organized by the Russian impresario Sergei Diaghilev. The Ballets Russes opened in Paris in 1909 and won immediate success. The male dancers, among them the Russian dancer Vaslav Nijinsky, were particularly admired because good male dancers had almost disappeared in Paris. The company presented a broad range of works, including Fokine's compactly knit one-act ballets with colorful themes from Russian or Asian folklore: The Firebird (1910), Sh\u201ah\u201arazade (1910), and Petrushka (1911). The Ballets Russes became synonymous with novelty and excitement, a reputation it maintained throughout its 20 years of existence. Although the most famous members of the company were Russian (among them the designers Leon Bakst and Alexandre Benois, and the composer [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Igor Stravinsky), Diaghilev commissioned many Western European artists and composers, such as Pablo Picasso and Maurice Ravel, to collaborate on the ballets. Diaghilev's choreographers, Fokine, Polish choreographer Branislava Nijinska, Nijinsky, Russian-born L\u201aonide Massine, Russian-born American George Balanchine, and the Russian-born French dancer and choreographer Serge Lifar, experimented with new themes and styles of movement. The offshoots of the Ballets Russes revitalized ballet all over the world. The Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova, who danced in its early seasons, formed her own company and toured internationally. Fokine worked with many companies, including the future American Ballet Theatre. Massine [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] TERM [PAR] LATIN AMERICAN DANCES: These are essentially divided into two categories: The authent [PAR] Notes - Intro to Dance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters [PAR] Friday, January 28, 2011 [PAR] Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters [PAR] Jack LaLanne , The Godfather of Fitness, died Sunday. He was 96. LaLanne died of respiratory failure from pneumonia. (He's 93 in the photo at the right.) [PAR] Jim Fixx , author of The Complete Book Of Running and credited with igniting America's zeal for jogging in the 70s died in 1984. He was 52. Fixx died of a heart attack during his daily run. [PAR] Both athletic men. Both exercised daily. Both were public figures with large followings whose wealth and fame depended on their continued performance. [PAR] Both started off in sickly shape. By age 35, Fixx weighed 220-240 pounds and smoked two packs a day. LaLanne described himself as an emotional and physical wreck before age 15 - pimply, nearsighted, and addicted to sugar and junk food. [PAR] Why did LaLanne live to 96 and Fixx to only 52? You could say their genes encoded their long, or short, lives. I don't think that fully explains it. Genes predispose but they don't predict; they aren't the only determinants of health, they may not even be the most important. In fact, having a genetic predisposition is all the more reason to attend to those things you can control - like diet and exercise. (It's often said that Fixx had a genetic predisposition for short life since his father died at 43. LaLanne's father died at age 50.) [PAR] In my mind, there are two things at play here. One is the long-term damage wrought by poor handling of our body in early life. The other is the importance of the triple play: diet, exercise, attitude. [PAR] Fixx had several more years of unhealthy living to undo when he started running and presumably stopped smoking at age 35. Seventeen years of frequent intense workouts were not enough to assuage the damage he did to his body in his youth, or for that matter, while he was running. Indeed, his autopsy revealed considerable plaque build-up: \"atherosclerosis had blocked one coronary artery 95%, a second 85%, and a third 70%.\" (The photo is about 4 years before he died.) [PAR] Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition, taking years to develop to the point of symptoms. That doesn't mean children aren't susceptible.1 I would bet LaLanne also had plaque by age 15. [PAR] Atherosclerosis is also a systemic condition; however, some arteries are more vulnerable depending on the assault. Smoking appears to target the coronary arteries while high blood pressure affects all arteries. The combination can be deadly since most heart attacks (and strokes) are caused by plaque formed peripherally, elsewhere in the body, that brakes off and clogs a cardiac artery. [PAR] Smoking is a major cause of atherosclerosis. A report this month by the National Research Council says that effects of past smoking linger for several decades. Poor diet also contributes to plaque. I haven't read much about Fixx's diet (what he ate, not what he promoted) although this doesn't look good: [PAR] \"Ultra-marathoner Stan Cottrell said he and Fixx appeared together at a conference,\u201d [authors Murphey and Kuzma] write. \u201cJust before Fixx went in to speak, he \u2018stuffed himself with four donuts and said, \u201cI didn\u2019t have time for breakfast.\" ' \"2 [PAR] There are reports that Fixx continued to eat a poor-quality diet, including fast food. John Robbins in his book Healthy At 100 writes: [PAR] \"Exercise is tremendously important, but sometimes people try to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wizard of Oz - TheatreHistory.com The Wizard of Oz [PAR] THE WIZARD OF OZ [PAR] A. BALDWIN SLOANE & PAUL TIEJENS [PAR] Originally Staged by [PAR] JULIAN MITCHELL [PAR] Based on Baum's novel [PAR] First produced at the Majestic Theatre on January 21, 1903, with Fred Stone as \"Scarecrow\" and David Montgomery as \"Tin Woodman\". [PAR] THE WIZARD OF OZ, one of the most successful American stage extravaganzas of the early twentieth century, has about it the magic and wonder of a child's world of fantasy. As the play begins, a cyclone lifts Dorothy Dale and her pet cow, Imogene, from their farm in Kansas to Oz, a fairy garden. When the Kansas farmhouse crashes from the sky it kills the cruel witch who for so many years has ruled so despotically over the Munchkins--inhabitants of Oz. The Munchkins are now free. In gratitude the good witch of Oz presents Dorothy with a ring which has the power to grant two wishes. To test the ring, Dorothy wastes her first wish on a trifle. But she has saved her second wish to bring Scarecrow back to life. The latter complains that he has lost his brains, that the only person able to restore them to him is the Wizard of Oz. And so, Dorothy and the Scarecrow go off in search of the Wizard. On the way they meet and are joined by the Tin Woodsman who is on the hunt for his heart, which was lost when he fell in love with Cynthia. The three go through various episodes and adventures, but in the end they do manage to find the Wizard. Thus Scarecrow gets back his brains, and the Tin Man his heart--much to the delight of little Dorothy. [PAR] The musical score was shared by Sloane and Tiejens. Among the best songs contributed by Sloane were \"Niccolo's Piccolo\" and \"The Medley of Nations\", while the best of Tiejens included \"When You Love, Love, Love\" and \"I've Waited for you in Loveland\". During the long initial Broadway run, and on its subsequent nation-wide tour, various songs by other composers were interpolated from time to time. Two of these became major successes--indeed, they are the leading song hits of the entire show: \"Sammy\" by James O'Dea and Edward Hutchinson, and \"Hurrah for Baffin's Bay\" by Vincent Bryan and Charles Zimmerman. [PAR] Mention should be made that when the excellent motion picture adaptation was filmed, starring Judy Garland, and released in 1939, none of the songs from the original stage score were used. Harold Arlen wrote a completely new score that included \"Over the Rainbow\", which won the Academy Award as the best song to come from the screen that season, and which from then on served as Judy Garland's theme song."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News [PAR] The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News [PAR] By Noel Sheppard | September 8, 2009 | 10:59 AM EDT [PAR] shares [PAR] See? It really does pay to be a Bush-hating conspiracy theorist. [PAR] Just ask The View's Joy Behar who just landed herself a job as the host of her own program on HLN, the network formerly known as CNN Headline News. [PAR] Even though this is clearly a joke, I kid you not. [PAR] Just try to keep a straight face as you read the following Associated Press report (h/t Big Hollywood ): [PAR] Joy Behar of \"The View\" should feel comfortable when her prime-time HLN talk show debuts on Sept. 29. The network formerly known as CNN Headline News is making headway with women, even if that wasn't necessarily the game plan. [PAR] Behar, at 9 p.m. ET on weeknights, will follow hour-long shows by Jane Velez-Mitchell and Nancy Grace (a Grace rerun airs at 10). [PAR] The estrogen-heavy lineup, big on issues like abduction and addiction, airs to an audience that is nearly two-thirds women, according to Nielsen Media Research. It's not like men are unwelcome, but when a rerun of Lou Dobbs' CNN show fell flat in Behar's soon-to-be time slot, HLN yanked him this summer for Velez-Mitchell. [PAR] Here's the truly delicious punch line: [PAR] HLN sought a lineup of opinionated but non partisan personalities that could distinguish itself from other news networks, primarily corporate cousin CNN, said Ken Jautz, executive vice president of CNN Worldwide and chief of the network. [PAR] Yeah, that's Behar: opinionated but non-partisan. [PAR] And I'm Napolean Bonaparte.[DOC] [TLE] Watch Katherine Freund on HLN (formerly known as CNN ... Watch Katherine Freund on HLN (formerly known as CNN Headline News) in Breakthrough Women ITNAmerica Press Room [PAR] subscribe to the RSS feed for updates on this topic. [PAR] Watch Katherine Freund on HLN (formerly known as CNN Headline News) in Breakthrough Women [PAR] September 25, 2011 [PAR] Subscibe for email updates of new posts [PAR] Your email:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Calvin Coolidge - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Calvin Coolidge - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Calvin Coolidge [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), the 30th U.S. president, led the nation through most of the Roaring Twenties, a decade of dynamic social and cultural change, materialism and excess. He took office on August 3, 1923, following the sudden death of President Warren G. Harding (1865-1923), whose administration was riddled with scandal. Nicknamed \u201cSilent Cal\u201d for his quiet, steadfast and frugal nature, Coolidge, a former Republican governor of Massachusetts, cleaned up the rampant corruption of the Harding administration and provided a model of stability and respectability for the American people in an era of fast-paced modernization. He was a pro-business conservative who favored tax cuts and limited government spending. Yet some of his laissez-faire policies also contributed to the economic problems that erupted into the Great Depression. [PAR] Google [PAR] A Quiet and Serious Young Man [PAR] John Calvin Coolidge was born on July 4, 1872, in the small village of Plymouth Notch, Vermont . His father, also named John Calvin Coolidge (1845-1926), was a hardworking and frugal businessman who ran a general store and post office. His mother, Victoria Josephine Moor Coolidge (1846-85), died when her son was just 12 years old. He was raised to be honest, industrious and conservative, with a deep respect for business. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Calvin Coolidge was the only U.S. president to be sworn in by his own father. In 1923, while visiting his childhood home in Vermont, Coolidge learned of President Warren Harding's death. As it was the middle of the night, Coolidge's father--a notary public--administered the oath by lamp light. [PAR] Coolidge graduated from Black River Academy in Ludlow, Vermont, in 1890, and went on to attend Amherst College in Massachusetts , graduating with honors in 1895. He studied law and passed the Massachusetts bar exam in 1898. After opening a law office in Northampton, he spent the next 20 years handling real estate deals, wills and bankruptcies. On October 4, 1905, Coolidge married Grace Anna Goodhue (1879-1957), a teacher at a local school for the deaf. They had two sons, John (1906-2000) and Calvin Jr. (1908-24), who died from blood poisoning as a teenager. [PAR] Political Career [PAR] Coolidge launched his career in politics in 1898, when he was elected to the Northampton, Massachusetts, city council. He then began a quiet but methodical climb up the political ladder, serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, as mayor of Northampton, as a state congressman, as a state senator and as lieutenant governor. During this period, Coolidge studied public policy questions, made speeches and steadily gained influence with Republican Party leaders. He developed a reputation as a pro-business conservative who strove to make government lean and efficient. [PAR] In 1918, Coolidge was elected governor of Massachusetts. He was catapulted into the national spotlight the following year, when the Boston police force went on strike and riots broke out across the city. Coolidge sent in the state guard to restore order and then took a strong stand against rehiring the striking police officers. In a telegram to labor leader Samuel Gompers (1850-1924), he famously declared that \u201cthere is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime.\u201d Coolidge\u2019s handling of the situation captured the imagination of the American public. As the 1920 U.S. presidential election approached, rank-and-file delegates to the Republican National Convention chose him as the vice presidential candidate on a ticket headed by U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio . [PAR] Coolidge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine Check out a Magnum Photos gallery of parking and parking meters . [PAR] Seventy-five years ago, the world's first parking meter cast its thin, ominous shadow on the streets of Oklahoma City. The meter was the brainchild of Carlton C. Magee, a local publisher and Chamber of Commerce Traffic Committee chief, and he hoped it would solve the city's chronic parking problems. In the pre-meter days, police would drive around with stopwatches and chalk, enforcing the city's parking time limits by marking the tires of cars seen squatting for too long, but the system was ill-equipped to handle the \"endemic overparking\" problem. Even worse, a survey found that at any given time, 80 percent of the city's spots were occupied by employees of downtown businesses\u2014the very same businesses complaining that lack of parking was driving away shoppers. Calling for an \"efficient, impartial, and thoroughly practical aid to parking regulation,\" Magee held a student-design contest and launched his instrument. [PAR] Magee's meter was crude\u2014only later models had the red \"expired\" warning flag\u2014and its mechanism was hardly Swiss in its movements. (In an Einsteinian turn, early meters were often said to \"shorten time.\") But McGee's device was effective\u2014a spark cast upon the vast, dry tinder of congested downtowns. \"The parking meter's rapid and eventually universal spread can be understood on at least two grounds,\" write John Jakle and Keith Sculle in their illuminating book Lots of Parking . First, meters did the job, ensuring a steadier supply of parking by increasing turnover. Second, they took what had been a \"free\" good\u2014free only in the sense it was not charged for on the spot\u2014and turned it into a viable revenue stream for cities. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] And a perpetual irritant for motorists. Parking meters are hacked (check youtube), stolen (watch Cool Hand Luke ), and otherwise subjected to a variety of abuse ( physical and even sexual assaults)\u2014as are those charged with their enforcement . Is it that we simply don't like to pay for what we think should be free? Or is it something deeper\u2014does their ruthless ticking not serve as some stark reminder of our mortality? (\" Time Expired .\") Whatever the reason, parking meters are loved only when they are broken. [PAR] Three-quarters of a century on, several things are clear. The first is that parking meters, a seemingly mundane fact of the urban landscape, remain as fraught and controversial as when they were first installed. And secondly, the time has finally come for a sweeping rethink of the parking meter\u2014in part because of changes in technology, and in part because of an emerging change in the way we think about parking in cities. [PAR] Early on, parking meters weren't usually installed wholesale, notes parking scholar Donald Shoup. In his book, The High Cost of Free Parking , he writes that Oklahoma City began with a trial on only one side of the street. \"On the unmetered side is confusion,\" noted the city's manager. \"On the metered side is order, sufficient room for every car to be parked and driven out quickly and easily, and there are usually parking spaces open.\" Two years later, Shoup writes, there were more than 20,000 meters in 35 cities. [PAR] There were objections. When the Merchants Association suggested meters for New York City in 1936, it was greeted by a legal challenge from the local Automobile Club, which declared, as reported in the New York Times, that neither the state nor city had the \"power to charge the owners of automobiles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hoover Dam Or Boulder Dam - Last Minute Bookings Hoover Dam Or Boulder Dam [PAR] Hoover Dam or Boulder Dam? [PAR] [PAR] Home > Nevada > Las Vegas > Hoover Dam > Hoover Dam or Boulder Dam? [PAR] Is it Hoover Dam or Boulder Dam ...? [PAR] ... or what's in name when politicians get involved? [PAR] How the Hoover Dam got to be officially named after Herbert Hoover is a convoluted story that involves politics and events not specifically related to the project other than the impact it has had on the southwest. [PAR] Apparently many people and politicians were resentful of how Herbert Hoover handled the economy when he was president and did not want Hoover's name associated with a project that was so beneficial to the southwest. While Hoover was the most critical player in getting the project underway naming the project after him was seen as a political statement and seemed to take advantage of the fact that the original site for the project was moved. [PAR] When the project began the location of the dam was to be at Boulder Canyon about 10 miles upstream from the current location. Thus the name 'Boulder Canyon Project'. It was noticed later that if the dam were built at Black Canyon instead of Boulder Canyon, it would be able to impound more water. Also, geologically, Black Canyon had a more dense rock in its canyon walls. When the dam site was moved to Black Canyon, it was still called the Boulder Canyon Project. The dam got its name from the project which originated it, 'Boulder Dam'. [PAR] On September 17, 1930, Herbert Hoover's Secretary of the Interior Ray L. Wilbur, went to the site to dedicate the official start of the project. In his dedication speech, he announced that the dam would from that point on be officially known as Hoover Dam. All things considered this was a pretty unpopular idea at the time. The idea behind this move was to bolster Hoover's image. [PAR] In 1930, the Great Depression was getting worse and Hoover was either blamed for it or castigated for not doing anything about it. Herbert Hoover wanting to be re-elected in 1932, felt that he needed to show that he was sensitive to the situation. By naming the dam after himself, he thought that he could draw attention to the fact that he was instrumental in starting the project. With over 5000 people to be employed on the project, Hoover thought that he could claim credit for trying to do something about the unemployment situation which was extreme at that time. Unfortunately for Hoover, it did not work out that way. [PAR] On May 8, 1933, Harold Ickes, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of the Interior, decided that the name of the dam should be \"Boulder Dam\", its original name. The reason for this was no doubt political. [PAR] On April 30, 1947, the resolution renaming the dam back to Hoover Dam was passed by congress and signed by President Harry S. Truman. Today Hoover Dam is still the name of this structure. [PAR] More Hoover Dam Information[DOC] [TLE] WGBH American Experience . Hoover Dam | PBS The Controversial Naming of the Dam . Hoover Dam . WGBH American Experience | PBS [PAR] Other General Articles [PAR] By the time it was officially dedicated on September 30, 1935, the colossal dam project on the Southern Nevada portion of the Colorado river had been called by several different names. In the exploratory stage, the project was referred to as the Boulder Canyon Project."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women in Congress | US House of Representatives: History ... Women in Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives [PAR] Women in Congress: An Introduction [PAR] Like all history, the story of women in Congress is defined by change over time: From a complete lack of representation in Congress before 1917, women have advanced to party leadership at the start of the 21st century. At times during the near century that women have served in Congress, change has been almost imperceptible and at other times, change has been bold and dramatic. [PAR] \"I'm No Lady; I'm a Member of Congress,\" 1917\u20131934 [PAR] Great triumphs and historic firsts highlight women\u2019s initial foray into national political office. Four years after Jeannette Rankin of Montana was elected to the House of Representatives in 1916, women won the right to vote nationally, with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Rebecca Felton of Georgia became the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate in 1922. [PAR] Onto the National Stage, 1935\u20131954 [PAR] Thirty-six women entered Congress between 1935 and 1954, a tumultuous two decades that encompassed the Great Depression, World War II, and the start of the Cold War. Women participated in America\u2019s survival, recovery, and ascent to world power in important and unprecedented ways; they became shapers of the welfare state, workers during wartime, and members of the military. [PAR] A Changing of the Guard, 1955\u20131976 [PAR] The third generation of women in Congress, the 39 individuals who entered the House and the Senate between 1955 and 1976, legislated during an era of upheaval in America, including the civil rights movement, protest against the Vietnam War, the women\u2019s liberation movement and the sexual revolution, and the Watergate Scandal and efforts to reform Congress in the 1970s."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 31st October 1941: USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic 31st October 1941: USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic [PAR] October 1941 [PAR] USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic [PAR] The United States destroyer was the first Naval ship lost to a U-Boat, even though America was not at war with Germany. [PAR] The USS Reuben James was one of 24 US Navy destroyers assisting with the escort of convoys in the western North Atlantic, between America and Iceland. There had been a growing number of incidents between US ships and U-Boats. Now the USS Reuben James became the first United States warship to be sunk as a result of hostile action in World War II. As dawn broke on the 31st she was torpedoed by U-552 commanded by Erich Topp, who was to become the third most successful U Boat captain of the war. [PAR] One of only 44 survivors out of the 159 man crew, Chief Petty Officer William Burgstresser, was later to tell the St Petersburg Times : [PAR] I was on watch in the engine room at 5:30 a.m. when we felt the impact. There were two explosions \u2014 one sounded like the magazine. Altogether there were eight men in both sections of the engine room. [PAR] The lights went out and the steam flow was interrupted. There was a sinking motion of the ship as if she were going down by the bow. [PAR] I went topside and found the whole forward part of the ship, including the bridge, completely demolished and carried away. [PAR] It was yet another provocation, but the United States was still not ready to go to war with Germany. [PAR] Erich Topp, commander of U-552 pictured at the U boat base of St Nazaire in France, October 1941. He survived the war and later served with NATO. [PAR] { 3 comments\u2026 read them below or add one } [PAR] Martin Sovik September 6, 2013 at 1:20 am [PAR] Interestingly, as I remember, polls showed at this time that Americans didn\u2019t want to get involved in a European war, but were willing to go to war with Japan because of its war in China. So these continued provocations were not enough for Congress."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Sammy Davis Jr. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 66 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (44) | Personal Quotes (9) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Sammy Davis Jr. was often billed as the \"greatest living entertainer in the world\". [PAR] He was born in Harlem, Manhattan, the son of dancer Elvera Davis (n\u00e9e Sanchez) and vaudeville star Sammy Davis Sr. . His father was African-American and his mother was of Puerto Rican ancestry. Davis Jr. was known as someone who could do it all--sing, dance, play instruments, act, do stand-up--and he was known for his self-deprecating humor; he once heard someone complaining about discrimination, and he said, \"You got it easy. I'm a short, ugly, one-eyed, black Jew. What do you think it's like for me?\" (he had converted to Judaism). [PAR] A short stint in the army opened his eyes to the evils of racism--a slight man, he was often beaten up by bigger white soldiers and given the dirtiest and most dangerous assignments by white officers simply because he was black--and he helped break down racial barriers in show business in the 1950s and 1960s, especially in Las Vegas, where he often performed; when he started there in the early 1950s, he was not allowed to stay in the hotels he played in, as they refused to take blacks as customers. He also stirred up a large amount of controversy in the 1960s by openly dating, and ultimately marrying, blonde, blue-eyed, Swedish-born actress May Britt . [PAR] He starred in the Broadway musical \"Golden Boy\" in the 1960s. Initially a success, internal tensions, production problems and bad reviews--many of them directed at Davis for playing a role originally written for a white man--resulted in its closing fairly quickly. His film and nightclub career were in full swing, however, and he became even more famous as one of the \"Rat Pack\", a group of free-wheeling entertainers that included Dean Martin , Frank Sinatra , Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford . [PAR] A chain smoker, Davis died from throat cancer at the age of 64. When he died, he was in debt. To pay for Davis' funeral, most of his memorabilia was sold off. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: rocknrollunderdawg [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Trade Mark (2) [PAR] His glass eye (the left eye) [PAR] Frequently worked with fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra., Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford [PAR] Trivia (44) [PAR] TV composer Morton Stevens ( Hawaii Five-O (1968), Police Woman (1974)) was Davis' musical director between 1950 and 1960 before moving into television music composing. He then returned as music director for Sammy, Frank Sinatra , Dean Martin and Liza Minnelli in the late 1980s. [PAR] Singer/dancer/actor. [PAR] Member of the \"Rat Pack\" with Dean Martin , Frank Sinatra , Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop . All appear in Ocean's 11 (1960). [PAR] Interred at Forest Lawn, Glendale, California, USA, Garden of Honor, next to his father Sammy Davis Sr. . [PAR] Son of Sammy Davis Sr. and Elvera Davis . [PAR] Starred in the 1964 Broadway Musical \"Golden Boy\" for which he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor (Musical) in 1965; he lost to Zero Mostel for \"Fiddler on the Roof.\" \"Golden Boy\" also featured many then unknown or relatively unknown talents such as Roy Glenn who later portrayed the father of John Prentice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ... How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the 'Unofficial Theme' of New Jersey's Youth [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Shore Fire Media [PAR] Bruce Springsteen has always worn his love of his home state on his sleeve, starting with the title of his debut album, Greetings From Asbury Park, N.J. On April 17, 1980, the New Jersey State Assembly decided to repay him by introducing a resolution officially naming him the \u201cNew Jersey Pop Music Ambassador to America\u201d with \u201c Born to Run \u201d as the \u201cunofficial \u2018rock\u2019 theme of our state\u2019s youth.\u201d [PAR] The project was the brainchild of Carol Miller, a DJ at 95.5 WPLJ-FM, which was New York\u2019s key rock station until its transition to Top 40 in 1983. The previous December, a newspaper article noted that New Jersey was looking for an official anthem. Miller then went to work. [PAR] \u201cOver half of our listeners live in New Jersey,\u201d she told United Press International. \u201cWe got so many requests for it that I started referring to it as the state song of New Jersey. It was kind of a joke.\u201d [PAR] But the notion started to pick up steam, and by early March, Miller began a petition drive to make it happen. One of the radio station\u2019s account executives, Robert Visotcky, told his father, assemblyman Richard Visotcky, about the proposal. \u201cBruce is a New Jersey native,\u201d Robert said. \u201cHe often talks about how much he loves the state and, most importantly, it would make young people in the state believe in politics again. It would shed a better light on the political situation in New Jersey.\u201d [PAR] The elder Visotcky agreed, and he, along with colleagues Francis J. McManimon and Joseph V. Doria Jr., drafted Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 121, which reads : [PAR] WHEREAS, Bruce Springsteen, who was born in 1949 in Freehold, Monmouth county and grew up amid the friendly, tranquil, small-town atmosphere that exists in that historic county seat, and who came to know well in his youth the sights, sounds and styles of summer life on the beach and boardwalk of that nearby ocean resort town of Asbury Park, today is recognized as one of pop music\u2019s most talented and outstanding performers, as well as one of its most influential and innovative artists; and [PAR] WHEREAS, Bruce Springsteen, through his special ability to trans-form his experiences and environments, many of them framed and shaped by his youthful years as a resident of the State of New Jersey, into vivid musical compositions, and in his unique fusion of the diverse traditions of rock music, percussion productions and urban rhythm and blues, has touched a universal chord of music, experience and life-force among today\u2019s youth; and [PAR] WHEREAS, Bruce Springsteen\u2019s talents as a singer-songwriter, from his debut album, Greetings From Asbury Park, N. J., through his dramatically detailed soul and Latin-tinged album, The Wild, The Innocent and the E Street Shuffle, and in his galvanic album, Born to Run, whose title song has achieved anthem-like status throughout the world and has been adopted as their song by the teenagers of New Jersey; and [PAR] WHEREAS, Bruce Springsteen\u2019s live performances, particularly with his E Street Band, have been hailed as the most exciting shows on the world concert circuit, in which this young musician\u2019s seemingly unlimited energies and enthusiasm, plus his genuine modesty and honest concern for providing his faithful audiences with a performance they deserve, all serve to enhance his well earned reputation as New Jersey\u2019s Pop Music Ambassador to America; now, therefore,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which show made critic Robert Helpmann say, \"The trouble with Which show made critic Robert Helpmann say, &quot;The trouble with nude dancing is that not everything stops when the music does? [PAR] Sign up [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which show made critic Robert Helpmann say, &quot;The trouble with nude dancing is that not everything stops when the music does? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 14, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which show made critic Robert Helpmann say, \"The trouble with nude dancing is that not everything stops when the music does?\" [PAR] GayleWong posted a question \u00b7 Jun 14, 2016 at 4:59am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] The answer to this question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30122096) ]} [PAR] nicholasphil24 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 14, 2016 at 4:59am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Let me explain the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30147028) ]} [PAR] bukachisamuel answered the question \u00b7 Jun 15, 2016 at 4:47am [PAR] Oh Calcutta is the answer to the show which made critic... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30147152) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need help ASAP pls. Imagine you are a citizen of a country that has just entered into the Great War (later known as World War I). You have read the headlines [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] brightkesenwa [PAR] 5 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 7 mins [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ... The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income Taxes | Quote Investigator [PAR] The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income Taxes [PAR] Albert Einstein? Leo Mattersdorf? Fictional? [PAR] Dear Quote Investigator: I have been struggling trying to figure out how much I owe to the Internal Revenue Service this year. The quote I would like you to explore does not sound very extraordinary. What makes it funny and outrageous is the identity of the person who supposedly said it: [PAR] The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax. [PAR] Did Albert Einstein really say this? I have seen this statement in many places, and the quote is even listed on the official IRS.gov website with an attribution to Einstein [EIS]. However, I am skeptical because no one seems to have a good reference, and the humor is too perfect. [PAR] Quote Investigator: This is a timely and entertaining query, and QI may have found the origin of this quotation. In 1963 a letter written by Leo Mattersdorf appeared in Time magazine with the following assertion: \u201cFrom the time Professor Einstein came to this country until his death, I prepared his income tax returns and advised him on his tax problems.\u201d Mattersdorf told the following anecdote about Einstein [TLM]: [PAR] One year while I was at his Princeton home preparing his return, Mrs. Einstein, who was then still living, asked me to stay for lunch. During the course of the meal, the professor turned to me and with his inimitable chuckle said: \u201cThe hardest thing in the world to understand is income taxes.\u201d I replied: \u201cThere is one thing more difficult, and that is your theory of relativity.\u201d \u201cOh, no,\u201d he replied, \u201dthat is easy.\u201d To which Mrs. Einstein commented, \u201cYes, for you.\u201d [PAR] LEO MATTERSDORF New York City [PAR] Einstein died in 1955, so this story appeared after his death. Nevertheless, there is solid evidence that Mattersdorf was a friend of Einstein\u2019s, and he performed tax accounting work for him. Here are additional selected citations in chronological order. [PAR] In 1937 black-and-white film footage was taken of Albert Einstein walking in a garden with another man. The other man was his friend Leo Mattersdorf according to the title of the video which is available at the Google videos website [EGM]. [PAR] In 1952 Mattersdorf published a book titled \u201cInsight into Astronomy\u201d, and he included an acknowledgement to Einstein for the help he provided with the manuscript [IAM]. [PAR] No book can be written without the very helpful assistance and criticism of others. I owe a deep debt of gratitude to Professor Albert Einstein for his kindness in reading the manuscript and, then, sitting down with me and offering many helpful suggestions. [PAR] In 1963 the letter to Time magazine with the quotation attributed to Einstein was published as shown above. [PAR] In March of 1968 a version of the quote appeared in an article titled \u201cTax Developments of 1967\u201d in a magazine aimed at aircraft owners and pilots. The wording of the quote was slightly different. The phrase \u201cthe Income Tax\u201d was used instead of \u201cincome taxes\u201d, and this variant is the most common modern version of the saying [AOP]: [PAR] \u201cThe hardest thing in the world to understand is the Income Tax.\u201d If these are your sentiments, you are in good company \u2014 the words are those of the late Albert Einstein. [PAR] In 1971 the quote appeared in the Chicago Tribune as a freestanding item next"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In the first ever Bugs Bunny cartoon, which character tried to In the first ever Bugs Bunny cartoon, which character tried to kill him? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] In the first ever Bugs Bunny cartoon, which character tried to kill him? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 14, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] In the first ever Bugs Bunny cartoon, which character tried to kill him? [PAR] TaraCros posted a question \u00b7 Jun 14, 2016 at 4:52am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] The way to approach this... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30121992) ]} [PAR] nicholasphil24 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 14, 2016 at 4:53am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30121995) ]} [PAR] Drchir answered the question \u00b7 Jun 14, 2016 at 4:53am [PAR] Elmer Fudd Elmer J. Fudd is a fictional cartoon character and one of the most... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30122055) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] what was the main cause of the first world war. before the 1940 ? [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] brightkesenwa [PAR] 5 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 7 mins [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lea Thompson - IMDb Lea Thompson - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Official Photos \u00bb [PAR] Lea Katherine Thompson was born on May 31, 1961, in Rochester, Minnesota. She is the youngest of five children. Her parents are Barbara Anne (Barry) and Clifford Elwin \"Cliff\" Thompson. Since all her siblings were much older than she, Lea says it seemed like she had more than two parents. The family lived in the Starlight Motel, all the kids ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 08 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 39 people [PAR] created 08 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 31 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Lea Thompson's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 5 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2016 American Dad! (TV Series) [PAR] Caroline Duffy [PAR] 2015 The Muppets. (TV Series) [PAR] Lea Thompson [PAR] Teenaged Girl in Diner / Lorraine McFly [PAR] - JOLO (2015) ... Teenaged Girl in Diner (voice) [PAR] 2014 A to Z (TV Series) [PAR] Lea Thompson [PAR] 2011 The Cabin (TV Movie) [PAR] Lily MacDougal [PAR] 2010 Uncle Nigel (TV Movie) [PAR] Abby Wells [PAR] 2008 The Christmas Clause (TV Movie) [PAR] Sophie [PAR] 2007 A Life Interrupted (TV Movie) [PAR] Debbie Smith [PAR] 2003 Stealing Christmas (TV Movie) [PAR] Sarah Gibson [PAR] 1994 The Substitute Wife (TV Movie) [PAR] Amy Hightower [PAR] 1993 Stolen Babies (TV Movie) [PAR] Annie Beales [PAR] 1982 MysteryDisc: Murder, Anyone? (Video Game) [PAR] Cecily 'Sissy' Loper [PAR] 1998 The Unknown Cyclist (performer: \"I'll Remember You\") [PAR] 1986 Howard the Duck (performer: \"Hunger City\", \"Don't Turn Away (Reprise)\", \"It Don't Come Cheap\", \"Howard the Duck\") [PAR] Hide [PAR] - El Finks (2008) ... (additional material) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2016 Cupcake Wars (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Contestant [PAR] 2016 Hollywood Game Night (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Celebrity Player [PAR] 2015 Rachael Ray (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2015 Inside Edition (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2014-2015 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Herself / Herself - Dancing with the Stars [PAR] 2014 The View (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2013-2014 Teens Wanna Know (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2014 The Queen Latifah Show (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2014 Good Morning America (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2014 HuffPost Live Conversations (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2014 The O'Reilly Factor (TV Series) [PAR] Herself (segment \"Watter's World\") [PAR] 2013 Life After (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2012 The Chew (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2012 Hollywood Saturday Night (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest Host [PAR] 2011 The Talk (TV Series) [PAR] Herself - Guest [PAR] 2011 Ace of Cakes (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2010 Tales from the Future (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2009 Releasing the Duck (Video documentary short) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2008 Head Case (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2007 TV Land Confidential (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself - Interviewee [PAR] 2006 Celebrity Duets (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2006 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2005 I Love the 80's 3-D (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 1999-2003 Hollywood Squares (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2002 I Love the '80s (TV Series documentary) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mackenzie River In Canada - WorldAtlas.com Mackenzie River In Canada - WorldAtlas.com [PAR] Geography [PAR] Mackenzie River In Canada [PAR] Though the longest river in Canada, all of the Mackenize's 1,080 miles are enclosed within the Northwest Territories alone. [PAR] The Mackenzie River Delta with its twists, turns, channels, and outlying frozen pools of water. [PAR] 5. Description [PAR] The Mackenzie River system is the second largest river system in the North American continent, after only the Mississippi-Missouri River system. It is also Canada\u2019s largest and longest river basin. The Mackenzie River system flows along a course of 4,241 kilometers from its headwaters in the Finlay River to its drainage into the Beaufort Sea in the Arctic Ocean. The Mackenzie and its tributaries together drain an area of about 1,805,200 square kilometers, which represents about 20% of Canada\u2019s total land area. Though the Mackenzie River itself flows entirely within the boundaries of the Northwest Territories of Canada, many of its tributaries spread out into adjacent Canadian provinces, such as British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Yukon. The Peace, Athabasca, and Liard Rivers are some of the most important tributaries of the Mackenzie. A number of lakes, like the Lake Athabasca, Great Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake, also form notable parts of the Mackenzie River system. [PAR] 4. Historical Role [PAR] The Mackenzie River basin was used as an important trade route by European fur traders since the late 18th Century. The river was named after the Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie, who explored the river and traveled along its course to reach the Arctic Ocean in 1789. Soon thereafter, a large number of trade posts cropped up along the river and its tributaries, and York boats began to ply on the river in the early 19th Century. These boats were gradually replaced by steamboats, and the fur trade soon flourished along the river. In the early parts of the 20th Century, mining became another economically significant activity around the Mackenzie River Basin, though in the later half of the 20th Century, profits garnered from mining activities there became marginal at best. [PAR] 3. Modern Significance [PAR] The Mackenzie River basin is still one of the most sparsely populated, and pristine, habitats of North America. Through the trapping of animals such as beavers, lynxes, foxes, and martens for fur is still practiced by the indigenous Indians settled along the river, fur trading is no longer a dominant source of economic revenue for this region. Agriculture is not extensively practiced in this region, and is mainly limited to the warmer, southern reaches of the river and its tributaries, where grains and cereals are cultivated and animal ranching is practiced. Commercial fishing is carried out in the lakes of the Mackenzie system like Lake Athabasca and the Great Slave Lake. Oil and petroleum mining is the major profitable activity along the Mackenzie River, with the first oil field being discovered in 1921 at Norman Wells. Uranium, gold, diamond, lead, and zinc have also been mined in and along the Mackenzie River system. Besides its economic significance, the Mackenzie River is also ecologically significant, hosting some of the most pristine habitats of North America, and accounting for 11% of the freshwater entering into the Arctic, thereby influencing the circulation patterns of this northern ocean to a significant degree. [PAR] 2. Habitat [PAR] The Mackenzie River flows through a Boreal forest zone in the south, then into an extensive taiga vegetation zone in its middle reaches, and finally drains into the Arctic Ocean via the Arctic tundra zone in its northernmost reaches. Alders, Trembling"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From the Halls of Montezuma - Just One Opinion From the Halls of Montezuma [PAR] January 25, 2011 By John Hoyle [PAR] In the Marine Hymn, the phrase \u201cFrom the Halls of Montezuma\u2026\u201d refers to the Battle of Chapultepec, a fierce engagement between Mexican and American armies during the Mexican-American War in 1847. When that battle ended, the United States had won a decisive military victory over General Santa Anna\u2019s Mexican army that was holding Chapultepec Castle, located just west of Mexico City. [PAR] After 1845, when the United States annexed Texas, Santa Anna continued to claim that Texas was still a province of Mexico. He refused to recognize the secession and ignored the decisive victories by the predominantly American Texicans in 1836. His attitude eventually led to war. [PAR] Early on September 12, 1847 the Americans began an artillery barrage against the Castle that continued throughout the day and resumed at dawn the next day. After the artillery bombardment ceased, General Winfield Scott ordered his troops to charge the Castle. [PAR] A storming party led by forty Marines was followed by a brigade of volunteers. For a time the detachment stalled while they waited for ladders to arrive and for reinforcements held up by heavy Mexican artillery. When the ladders finally arrived, the first wave of Americans ascended the walls led by the Marines. George Pickett (later famous for \u201cPickett\u2019s Charge\u201d at Gettysburg) was the first over the wall. Several American Generals and other officers were wounded as they led their men over the walls before the Marines were finally able to raise the U.S. Flag over the castle. [PAR] During the battle a Mexican army cadet wrapped himself in the Mexican flag and jumped from the extremely high wall to prevent the seizure of the Mexican flag by the Americans. From a very safe distance, General Santa Anna (yes, the same Santa Anna who captured the Alamo in 1836) watched his army troops melt away in defeat. [PAR] The Battle for Chapultepec Castle was marked with extreme bravery and sacrifice by soldiers on both sides, many who were just cadets and volunteers. This was just one of several great battles fought during The Mexican\u2013American War, now an almost obscure conflict between the United States and Mexico (1846-48). [PAR] At the end of the Mexican-American War, the United States forced the Mexican government, under the terms of the \u201cTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,\u201d to give up the Mexican territories of Alta California (now the state of California) and Santa Fe de Nuevo M\u00e9xico (parts of west Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Nevada). The Rio Grande became the official boundary between Texas and Mexico. Mexico was forced to forever drop all claims to Texas and California and all of the land between them. [PAR] Thus the southern boundaries of the United States of America were set and secured, guaranteeing peace between the the two North American nations for generations to come. [PAR] Of course, that was not the case then \u2013 nor is it now. [PAR] In 1914, the United States occupied the Mexican port of Veracruz for six months due to a misunderstanding between Mexican guard troops and some U.S. soldiers who had been sent to protect American citizens living there. [PAR] This incident was one of several diplomatic problems between the two countries related to the Mexican Revolution that was going on at the time. [PAR] In response to that misunderstanding, known as the \u201cTampico Affair,\u201d President Woodrow Wilson ordered the U.S. Navy to occupy both the city and port of Veracruz. When Wilson received an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Woodrow Wilson\u2019s Early Years [PAR] Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia . (Because his mother said he arrived around midnight, some sources list Wilson\u2019s birthday as December 29.) His father, Joseph Ruggles Wilson (1822-1903), was a Presbyterian minister, and his mother, Janet Woodrow Wilson (1826-1888), was a minister\u2019s daughter and originally from England. Tommy Wilson, as he was called growing up, spent his childhood and teen years in Augusta, Georgia , and Columbia, South Carolina . During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Wilson\u2019s father served as a chaplain in the Confederate army and used his church as a hospital for injured Confederate troops. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Woodrow Wilson, who had an esteemed career as an academic and university president before entering politics, did not learn to read until he was 10, likely due to dyslexia. [PAR] Wilson graduated from Princeton University (then called the College of New Jersey ) in 1879 and went on to attend law school at the University of Virginia. After briefly practicing law in Atlanta, Georgia, he received a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University in 1886. (Wilson remains the only U.S. president to earn a doctorate degree.) He taught at Bryn Mawr College and Wesleyan College before being hired by Princeton in 1890 as a professor of jurisprudence and politics. From 1902 to 1910, Wilson was president of Princeton, where he developed a national reputation for his educational reform policies. [PAR] In 1885, Wilson married Ellen Axson (1860-1914), a minister\u2019s daughter and Georgia native. The couple had three daughters before Ellen died of kidney disease in 1914, during her husband\u2019s first presidential term. The following year, Wilson married Edith Bolling Galt (1872-1961), a widow whose husband had owned a Washington , D.C., jewelry business. [PAR] Woodrow Wilson\u2019s Rise in Politics [PAR] In 1910, Woodrow Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey, where he fought machine politics and garnered national attention as a progressive reformer. In 1912, the Democrats nominated Wilson for president, selecting Thomas Marshall (1854-1925), the governor of Indiana , as his vice presidential running mate. The Republican Party split over their choice for a presidential candidate: Conservative Republicans re-nominated President William Taft (1857-1930), while the progressive wing broke off to form the Progressive (or Bull Moose) Party and nominated Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), who had served as president from 1901 to 1909. [PAR] With the Republicans divided, Wilson, who campaigned on a platform of liberal reform, won 435 electoral votes, compared to 88 for Roosevelt and eight for Taft. He garnered nearly 42 percent of the popular vote; Roosevelt came in second place with more than 27 percent of the popular vote. [PAR] Woodrow Wilson\u2019s First Administration [PAR] At the age of 56, Woodrow Wilson was sworn into office in March 1913. He was the last American president to travel to his inauguration ceremony in a horse-drawn carriage. Once in the White House , Wilson achieved significant progressive reform. Congress passed the Underwood-Simmons Act, which reduced the tariff on imports and imposed a new federal income tax. It also passed legislation establishing the Federal Reserve (which provides a system for regulating the nation\u2019s banks, credit and money supply) and the Federal Trade Commission (which investigates and prohibits unfair business practices). Other accomplishments included child labor laws, an eight-hour day for railroad workers and government loans to farmers. Additionally, Wilson nominated the first Jewish person to the U.S. Supreme Court, Louis Brandeis (1856-1941), who was confirmed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Singing Nun | EW.com The Singing Nun\u2019s Story \u2013 EW.com [PAR] Email [PAR] A more unlikely pop star is hard to imagine: a shy, bespectacled Belgian nun in full Dominican habit wearing cloddy but practical shoes. Yet Jeanine Deckers, known to the world as the Singing Nun, was the sensation of late 1963. Twenty-nine years ago this week, she held No. 1 on the pop charts, outselling Motown, Elvis, and surf music with \u201dDominique,\u201d her folksy tribute to the founder of her order, St. Dominic. With its lilting, repetitive chorus (\u201dDominique-a-nique-a-nique \u201d), her French-language song provided an upbeat antidote to a world rocked by the recent assassination of John F. Kennedy. Teens and adults around the globe bought more than a million copies of the single and of her Singing Nun album, which also held a top spot on the U.S. charts that December. [PAR] Born circa 1934 (the exact date is unknown), Deckers took the name Sister Luc-Gabrielle in 1959 when she entered Belgium\u2019s Fichermont Convent, where she composed a dozen of her own songs, including \u201dDominique.\u201d While recording them for the convent\u2019s private use, Philips Records executives, who dubbed Deckers \u201dSoeur Sourire\u201d (Sister Smile), heard a hit in the making and convinced the nuns to release the songs commercially. Within two years, \u201dDominique\u201d made at least $100,000 in royalties for the convent. [PAR] The composer\u2019s own life, however, did not fare as well as her first songs. In 1966, as Debbie Reynolds portrayed her in The Singing Nun (a dud Sister Smile reportedly dismissed as \u201dfiction\u201d), Deckers hung up her habit to pursue a full-time singing career under her given name. But when two singles \u2014 the controversial birth control anthem \u201dGlory Be to God for the Golden Pill\u201d and the prophetically titled \u201dSister Smile Is Dead\u201d \u2014 went nowhere, Deckers quietly turned to teaching handicapped youngsters in Wavre, Belgium, eventually opening her own school for autistic children. [PAR] Sadly, she seemed ill-prepared for life outside the convent. By 1985, then in her 50s, Deckers was overwhelmed by debt, with the Belgian government claiming she owed $63,000 in back taxes. Pushed to desperation when she thought she would lose her school, she swallowed a lethal amount of barbiturates with alcohol, and was joined by her companion of 10 years, Annie Pecher, a physiotherapist and a fellow former nun. Found near their bodies was a poignant note from both, asking for forgiveness and understanding: \u201dWe hope God will welcome us. He saw us suffer, so He should show clemency.\u201d [PAR] Time Capsule: December 20, 1963 [PAR] The wacky Clampetts owned TV in the second season of The Beverly Hillbillies, and Mary McCarthy\u2019s The Group was a must-read, while Cary Grant, Audrey Hepburn, and romantic Paris charmed moviegoers in Charade. [PAR] Show Full Article"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark [PAR] Court and Spark [PAR] Release date: January 17, 1974 [PAR] Buy Music [PAR] Album Notes [PAR] Drums and percussion - John Guerin [PAR] Bass - Max Bennett (on Trouble Child), Jim Hughart (on People's Parties and Free Man In Paris), Wilton Felder [PAR] Chimes (on Court and Spark) - Milt Holland [PAR] Woodwinds & reeds - Tom Scott [PAR] Trumpet (on Twisted and Trouble Child) - Chuck Findley [PAR] Piano - Joni Mitchell [PAR] Electric Piano - Joe Sample [PAR] Clavinet (on Down To You) - Joni Mitchell [PAR] Background voices - Joni Mitchell, David Crosby and Graham Nash (on Free Man In Paris), Susan Webb and David Crosby (on Down To You), Cheech and Chong (on Twisted) [PAR] Electric Guitar - Wayne Perkins (on Car On A Hill), Dennis Budimir (on Trouble Child); Robbie Robertson (on Raised on Robbery), Jose Feliciano and Larry Carlton (on Free Man in Paris), Larry Carlton on all others [PAR] Joe Sample appears courtesy of The Crusaders and Chisa/Blue Thumb Records Inc. [PAR] Larry Carlton appears courtesy of Chisa/Blue Thumb Records Inc. [PAR] Jose Feliciano appears courtesy of RCA Records [PAR] Cheech & Chong appear courtesy of Ode Records [PAR] Robbie Robertson appears courtesy of Capitol Records. [PAR] The strings on the 'Same Situation' were arranged by Tom Scott; 'Down To You\" arranged by Joni Mitchell and Tom Scott; 'Car On A Hill' arranged by Joni Mitchell [PAR] Sound Engineer - Henry Lewy [PAR] Mastering Engineer - Bernie Grundman [PAR] All songs composed by Joni Mitchell, \u00a9 1973 Crazy Crow Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Except 'Twisted,' written by Ross and Grey, \u00a9 1965 Prestige Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission [PAR] Art Direction / Design - Anthony Hudson [PAR] Photography - Norman Seeff [PAR] Cover Painting - Joni Mitchell [PAR] \u00a9 1974 Asylum Records. Mfg. by Elektra / Asylum / Nonesuch Records, a division of Warner Communications Inc., 15 Columbus Circle, New York, N.Y. 10023. Printed USA[DOC] [TLE] Court and Spark by Joni Mitchell on Apple Music Court and Spark by Joni Mitchell on Apple Music [PAR] 11 Songs [PAR] iTunes Review [PAR] Court and Spark sits halfway between Joni Mitchell\u2019s folkie past and her jazz-rock future. Yet the album is no mere transitional affair\u2014not by a long shot. On \u201cHelp Me\u201d and \u201cJust Like This Train,\u201d she displays a master\u2019s touch, weaving romantic insecurities into arrangements that, decades later, haven\u2019t surrendered their sophistication. The versatile singer/songwriter also finds the time to cut loose, which she does in typically elegant fashion on the wah-wah rocker \u201cRaised on Robbery.\u201d Try not listening to this album a dozen times in a row. [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] Brilliant. And it gets better EVERY time. Buy this record. Trust me. [PAR] [PAR] by BrentHolcomb [PAR] Court and Spark is a classic. It's beautifully written, devastating, romantic, funny and, most of all, groovy. Every track is a 10, but if you must download one, try Car On A Hill. Also, watch for Cheech & Chong's guest appearance on Twisted. Personally, Trouble Child gets me every time... Poetic, amazing, truly original. BUY THIS RECORD NOW. [PAR] One of The Best Albums Ever Recorded [PAR] [PAR] by Sweetheart of the Rodeo [PAR] I first heard this record in 1975 in a record store in Dallas, TX. The store manager played Free Man in Paris, and at the age of 16, I was blown away. Despite a couple of hits (Help Me and Free Man in Paris), this is an album"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Largest optical telescopes of the world - stjarnhimlen.se Largest optical telescopes of the world [PAR] Largest optical telescopes of the world [PAR] By Paul Schlyter, Stockholm, Sweden [PAR] 2004-01-06 Additional info about Herchel's 1.22 m reflector [PAR] 2005-07-14 Info about future large telescopes updated [PAR] 2005-11-03 LBT is now operational and I've put it as the world's largest scope here, although it becomes somewhat ambiguous with binocular scopes. SALT is delayed by about half a year. [PAR] 2006-04-20 TMT added, details added in historical list, Rascine's reference added. Thanks Alan Tokunaga for this info! [PAR] 2006-07-11 Great Melbourne Telescope added, replacing some other \"largest scopes\" from that time. Thanks Barry Clark for pointing this out. [PAR] 2006-10-10 Added Hans Lippershey at the beginning of the list. Thanks Peter Kremer for pointing this out [PAR] 2008-09-05 Added some more interesting telescopes, and also a short overview of non-optical telescopes. [PAR] 2009-10-18 Added a pre-Lippershey \"telescopic device\" with a mirror eyepiece! [PAR] 2009-10-31 Added some additional info about Herschel's telescopes. [PAR] 2009-11-02 Added Berlin's big refractor - thanks astronomiguiden.se [PAR] 2011-12-09 Added info about E-ELT, updated info about telescopes not yet operational. [PAR] 2011-12-10 Added links to telescope lists at Wikipedia. [PAR] Below is a list of the largest optical astronomical telescopes of the world at various times, from the invention of the telescope in 1609 up to the present day. The list is believed to be fairly complete, but for earlier years there may still be some errors. If anyone has any additions or corrections to this list, please email me! [PAR] World's largest Aperture Scope scope in meters 1580 ? William Bourne's telescopic device with a lens as objective and a concave mirror as eyepiece! Didn't understand how it worked, believed magnification depends on the diameter of the lens. 1608 ? Hans Lippershey, inventor of the telescope. 1609 0.016 Galileo - first person to properly observe the skies with a telescope. 1612 0.026 Galileo. 1620 0.038 Galileo. 1638 0.06 Hevelius - Scheiner's helioscope - the first equatorially mounted scope. 1645 0.12 Hevelius, Danzig. 1655 0.057 Christian Huygens 12 foot f.l. refractor; discovered Titan. 1656 0.07 Christian Huygens 23 foot f.l. refractor, x100. 1672 0.10 Newton (reflector). 1675 0.13 Hooke (reflector). 1680? 0.18 Robert Hooke's Gregorian reflector. 1686 0.19 Constantin Huygens 7.5\" 123 foot f.l. air telescope. 1686 0.20 Constantin Huygens 8\" 170 foot f.l. air telescope. 1686 0.22 Constantin Huygens 8.5\" 210 foot f.l. air telescope. 1690 0.20 Cassini. 1721 0.15 Halley (reflector). 1734 0.38 Gregorian reflector by James Short. 1750 0.50 Gregorian reflector by James Short. 1752 0.46 Gregorian reflector by James Short, made for the king of Spain. 1761 0.60 Father Noel (reflector). 1780-1789 0.75 Rev J. Mitchell's Gregorian reflector, bought, although broken, by Willian Herschel after Mitchell's death. 1789-1815 1.22 William Herschel's 40 foot f.l. reflector, Bath, England. Last used in 1815, destroyed in a gale 1839. Frame dismantled by John Herschel 1840 due to rot, then the tube lay in the garden and was crushed by a falling tree in 1870. Today the original mirror and a quarter of the tube remains. 1815-1826 0.47 William Herschel's 20 foot f.l. reflector, Bath, England, built in 1783. Restored by William and John Herschel in 1820, then used by John Herschel in South Africa 1834-1838. 1826-1845 0.91 Lord Rosse's first reflector with 3 foot aperture. 1845-1878 1.83 Lord Rosse's Leviathan, 6 foot aperture, Birr Castle, Ireland. Last used in 1878, deteriorated rapidly from 1908, dismantled in 1914, mirror moved to Science Museum. Restored in 1998 with a mirror of aluminium. One of the original mirror remains at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] newly-renovated Madison Square Garden. - NYMag Here\u2019s What the Renovated Madison Square Garden Looks Like [PAR] October 24, 2013 10/24/2013 4:33 p.m. [PAR] Here\u2019s What the Renovated Madison Square Garden Looks Like [PAR] Print [PAR] One of the two bridges spanning the length of Madison Square Garden. [PAR] Madison Square Garden has undergone major renovations \u2014 or a \u201ctransformation,\u201d to use their preferred word \u2014 over each of the past three summers. The finished product will be unveiled to the public tomorrow night, when the Knicks take on the Bobcats in a preseason game, but officials showed off the building\u2019s new look earlier today. [PAR] The Seventh Avenue entrance was totally redone this summer. The arena doors are now located at the top of these steps, in front of the entrance to the theater. (Previously, the doors were located closer to the box office.) [PAR] Beyond those doors is an area called Chase Square, which is more open than this space was pre-renovation. On the right of this photo \u2014 taken from the south side of the lobby area \u2014 is a Madison Square Garden store. To orient yourself: In the back of this photo is the box office, and the ramp that leads to the turnstiles is to the left of the ticket windows. [PAR] On both the north and south sides of Chase Square, just beyond the arena doors, there\u2019s a video board built into the ceiling. This photo was taken during a video presentation shown during today\u2019s press conference. It\u2019s just like looking up at the real skyline, in a horrifying version of the city where all the buildings are covered with ads for Eagles concerts! [PAR] The new, larger center-hung scoreboard. During the press tour, that Knicks logo was the only image shown, but at first glance it appears to be a big improvement over the old scoreboard. [PAR] Photo: Joe DeLessio [PAR] Smaller screens are built into the bottom of the scoreboard for fans with seats near the ice or court \u2014 and for the players themselves to look at, if necessary. [PAR] All the Rangers banners are grouped together on the Seventh Avenue side of the arena. (At least some of these banners appear to be updated versions of the ones that had been hanging in the Garden. Curiously, there\u2019s no banner for the Rangers\u2019$2 1994 Eastern Conference title.) There\u2019s also a second LED ribbon board on both the Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue ends of the arena. (Update: We reached out to the Garden and learned that they decided not to include conference title banners for either the Knicks or Rangers if the team also won the championship that year.) [PAR] There are new versions of the Knicks\u2019 banners, as well. Note the era-specific logos. (The use of the old Father Knickerbocker logo is particularly awesome.) [PAR] Photo: Joe DeLessio [PAR] The Garden added ten more \u201cDefining Moments\u201d displays in the concourses this year. This one commemorates the Rangers\u2019$2 1994 Stanley Cup title. (That\u2019s the jersey Craig MacTavish was wearing when he took the final face-off in game seven of the finals.) Other new displays include Larry Johnson\u2019s four-point play in 1999, and Syracuse\u2019s six-overtime win over UConn in the 2009 Big East Tournament. [PAR] This is a photo of Rangers goalie Henrik Lundqvist and Justin Bieber. (It\u2019s part of a series of photos, on the eighth floor concourse, of players away from the ice or court.) [PAR] The good news is the Garden has added a bunch of cool displays, like this one with Wayne Gretzky\u2019s locker. The bad news"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] San Diego Balboa Park Hotels - San Diego Concierge San Diego Balboa Park Hotels [PAR] (San Diego Inland - North) [PAR] Visiting Balboa Park San Diego [PAR] Sumptuous Balboa Park contains one of the largest groups of museums in the US, scattered either side and to the south of El Prado, the road that bisects the park. Yet its greatest charms are its trees, gardens, statues, traffic-free promenades and Spanish Colonial-style buildings. Within easy reach of downtown by buses #7, #16 or #25, the park is large but fairly easy to get around on foot - if you tire, there's a free tram. The $30 Balboa Park Passport , which allows one-time admission to all twelve of the park's museums and its Japanese garden (though not the zoo), is available from the visitors information center (daily 9am-4pm; tel 619/239-0512), inside the beautifully reconstructed House of Hospitality. Most of the museums are closed on Mondays, and most are free on varying Tuesdays. [PAR] Minor works by Rembrandt and El Greco and a stirring collection of Russian icons make the stifling formality of the Timkin Museum of Art (Tues-Sat 10am-4.30pm, Sun 1.30-4.30pm; closed Sept; free; gort.ucsd.edu /sj/timken) worth enduring. The San Diego Museum of Art (Tues-Sun 10am-4.30pm; $8; ) has few individually striking items in its permanent collection, save for a small selection of 17th-century Dutch works by Hals and Rembrandt, but it's the main venue for touring shows and offers some exquisitely crafted pieces from China and Japan. Outside, don't miss the free Sculpture Court and Garden , with formidable works by Henry Moore and Alexander Calder. The Museum of Man (daily 10am-4.30pm; $6; ), which straddles El Prado, veers from banal crafts demonstrations to excellent Native American displays, artifacts, folklore and physical remains. [PAR] The child-oriented Reuben H. Fleet Science Center (Mon & Tues 9.30am-6.30pm, Wed-Sun 9.30am-9pm; science center $6.50, with theater or simulator $9, all three $11; ), close to the Park Boulevard end of El Prado, is notable mainly for its Space Theater's huge IMAX screen and virtual reality simulator, which take you on stomach-churning trips into outer and inner space. Across the plaza, the Natural History Museum (daily 9.30am-4.30pm; $6; ) has a great collection of fossils and pulls no punches in its coverage of threatened species. Just behind, in the Spanish Village Art Center (daily 11am-4pm; free), craftspeople in 37 studios and galleries practice skills such as painting, sculpture, pottery and glassworking. [PAR] The enormous San Diego Zoo (daily: mid June-early Sept 7am-10pm; early Sept-mid June 9am-dusk; last entry an hour before closing; ), immediately north of the main museums, is one of the world's best. Its wide selection of animals, many of them rare, are restrained in \"psychological cages,\" without bars. (Don't depend on the much-hyped but usually sleeping Chinese pandas for entertainment, however.) Basic admission , including the children's zoo, is $18.50 (kids 3-11 $9.50); a Deluxe Tour ticket ($28.50, kids $16.50) includes a bus tour and a round-trip ride on the Skyfari overhead tramway. [PAR] Hotels near Balboa Park"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History Of Pinball Machines | Worldwide Pinball ... The History Of Pinball Machines | Worldwide Pinball Machine Delivery From BMI Gaming [PAR] \"Virtual Pinball\", TAB Austria, 2002 \"UltraPin\" Digital Pinball, Global VR, 2006 [PAR] [PAR] Pinball has now become a \"in\" item with high-profile celebrities, baby boomers, business exec's [PAR] & families, and has become a fixture on many TV shows and commercials, movie sets and many [PAR] magazine shoots, perhaps due to the \"nostalgia factor\" and the advent of personal home game [PAR] rooms, or realization that a individual can now easily purchase a pinball machine, or the fact that [PAR] playing a few good games of pinball after a hard day's work can be a tremendous stress-reliever! [PAR] [PAR] Coke commercial with David Arquette shown [PAR] playing one of three classic pinballs in his [PAR] actual home collection in the foreground. [PAR] Iy 2002, the industry was left with just one major designer and manufacturer, Stern Pinball, based [PAR] in the Chicagoland area and run by Gary Stern, the son of Stern Electronics' founder Sam Stern. [PAR] Stern has released quite a few interesting and collectable titles over the past few years, and [PAR] hopefully will continue on in the tradition of great firms like Williams and Bally on future releases. [PAR] [PAR] \"Iron Man\", Stern Pinball, 2010 [PAR] [PAR] Stern Pinball's ratio of \"home sales\" to commercial sales has risen from practically zero to an estimated 35% - 60% of their total sales in just the last 3 years, which is an encouraging new market for them to [PAR] sell into in the coming years as operator and commercial account orders continue to dwindle. There [PAR] have been some rumblings of other firms within the coin-op industry having aspirations of jumping into [PAR] the pinball machine game, but nothing seriously has been reported or announced to date. It will be very interesting to see what the future holds for pinball over the course of the next century... However, in late 2008, Stern announced, for the first time in its history, a major layoff of many in-house pinball designers, engineers and technical staff, due to declining sales because of the current economic climate, which questions the future of Stern Pinball, and new pinball machines in doubt - So it you want to purchase [PAR] a new pinball machine, buy one as soon as possible, because we predict that if Stern actually goes [PAR] out of business, the price of all remaining pinball machines will skyrocket after the economy improves. [PAR] As for the state of used or \"pre-owned\" machines, supplies are very tight and getting tighter, with ASP (average selling price) of good quality of pre-owned pinball machine of popular titles from the late 80's [PAR] to 90's now appreciating at a rate of 10% - 25 % or more per year, even in this economic climate, as [PAR] more and more individuals discover (or re-discover) the pleasures of pinball ownership and supplies [PAR] dry up. Just a few years ago, America had all the machines it ever needed to meet domestic supply; [PAR] but now it is estimated that over 70% of all preowned pinball machines now sold in the US come [PAR] from overseas sources in countries such as Western Europe and Latin America, due to the [PAR] increasingly high demand from Americans, even now in this depression-like economic climate. [PAR] But in 2013-2015, new pinball developers are now starting to enter into the pinball machine [PAR] \"arena\" and challenge the \"old guard\" maker Stern Pinball. with new and very exciting innovations, [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film History Milestones - 1910 - The Best Movies in ... Film History Milestones - 1910 [PAR] Event and Significance [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Carl Laemmle set up his own Independent Motion Picture Company (IMP) to counteract the Edison Trust (the MPPC). [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Laemmle introduced the star system, causing the rise of the American movie star phenomenon, by hiring now-forgotten Florence Lawrence (\"The Biograph Girl\"), one of Biograph's anonymous stars, and beginning a massive publicity campaign. By most accounts, Lawrence was the first US motion picture \"movie star.\" Carl Laemmle orchestrated a shameless but spectacular, high-profile 'publicity stunt' in March of 1910, with rumors of her death in a street-car accident in St. Louis, and her subsequent resurrection at the IMP Company's St. Louis premiere of her first IMP film (The Broken Oath, aka The Broken Bath), in April of 1910. She was the first film star to make a 'personal appearance' (as a publicity stunt). [PAR] 1910 [PAR] The first screen credit was given to Florence Lawrence, in IMP's short crime romance The Broken Oath (aka The Broken Bath), directed by her husband Harry Solter. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Dialogue titles began to appear with regularity. Studios began distributing publicity stills of actors and actresses. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] The first US multi-reel \"feature\" film was Vitagraph's five-reel Life of Moses (1910). It was shown at a single sitting in New Orleans. Such multi-reel films weakened exhibitors' control of their programs (i.e., prior to this development, exhibitors effectively \"edited\" the program by arranging their selections of short films without directorial intervention.) [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Film companies began to move to the area later known as Hollywood. Los Angeles annexed Hollywood. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] The first film made in the new municipality of Hollywood, by Biograph and director D.W. Griffith, In Old California (1910), was released. It launched the film industry in the city. Griffith was the first to negotiate and start film producing in Hollywood, where the weather was considered more favorable for film-making. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] For the first time, Hollywood purchased the rights to adapt a novel from a publisher (Little, Brown & Company who published Helen Hunt Jackson's novel Ramona), for a D.W. Griffith film to be made in 1910. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] The first western silent film super-star Tom Mix made his first major screen appearance as Bronco Buster in Selig Polyscope's Ranch Life in the Great Southwest (1910), filmed at their studio in the Los Angeles area. The one time bartender, cow hand and Texas Ranger would go on to make hundreds of silent westerns for both Selig and Fox Studios, some of which he also produced, wrote or directed. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Brooklyn Eagle newspaper cartoonist John Randolph Bray patented the 'cel' process ultimately used by animators. He pioneered true animated (motion-picture) cartoons with structured story lines. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] The first movie stunt -- a man jumped into the Hudson River from a burning balloon. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Filmdom's first major comedy star of the early silent film era, the happy and rotund John Bunny (almost 300 pounds), originally a successful stage comic, made his film debut in Brooklyn-based Vitagraph's Jack Fat and Jim Slim at Coney Island (1910), and was paid $40/week. By 1911 he was Vitagraph's biggest moneymaker. He died in 1915 at the height of his fame. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] The first Frankenstein monster film in the US was Edison's Frankenstein, a 16-minute (one-reel) version made by the Edison Motion Picture Studios and starring stage veteran Charles Ogle (uncredited) as the monster, and Mary Fuller as Frankenstein's fianc\u00e9e"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech Charlie Chaplin : The Final Speech from The Great Dictator [PAR] The Final Speech from The Great Dictator [PAR] Transcript of Charlie Chaplin\u2019s Final Speech in The Great Dictator [PAR] I\u2019m sorry, but I don\u2019t want to be an emperor. That\u2019s not my business. I don\u2019t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone - if possible - Jew, Gentile - black man - white. We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other\u2019s happiness - not by each other\u2019s misery. We don\u2019t want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone. And the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way. [PAR] Greed has poisoned men\u2019s souls, has barricaded the world with hate, has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical. Our cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery we need humanity. More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost\u2026. [PAR] The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men - cries out for universal brotherhood - for the unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world - millions of despairing men, women, and little children - victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. [PAR] To those who can hear me, I say - do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed - the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish. \u2026.. [PAR] Soldiers! don\u2019t give yourselves to brutes - men who despise you - enslave you - who regiment your lives - tell you what to do - what to think and what to feel! Who drill you - diet you - treat you like cattle, use you as cannon fodder. Don\u2019t give yourselves to these unnatural men - machine men with machine minds and machine hearts! You are not machines! You are not cattle! You are men! You have the love of humanity in your hearts! You don\u2019t hate! Only the unloved hate - the unloved and the unnatural! Soldiers! Don\u2019t fight for slavery! Fight for liberty! [PAR] In the 17th Chapter of St Luke it is written: \u201cthe Kingdom of God is within man\u201d - not one man nor a group of men, but in all men! In you! You, the people have the power - the power to create machines. The power to create happiness! You, the people, have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. [PAR] Then - in the name of democracy - let us use that power - let us all unite. Let us fight for a new world - a decent world that will give men a chance to work - that will give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ... Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD, DVD & download (MP3 & FLAC) - Buy online from Presto Classical [PAR] London Philharmonic Orchestra [PAR] Recorded live at Southbank Centre\u2019s Royal Festival Hall, London, on 24 September 2008 (Symphony No. 8) and 1 May 2013 (Symphony No. 4). [PAR] Vaughan Williams was one of the 20th century\u2019s most important symphonic voices. He composed in almost every genre, and even within his nine symphonies he encompassed a wide range of styles, sound-worlds and formal approaches. [PAR] At its 1935 premiere the Fourth Symphony surprised many who were more used to the \u2018pastoral\u2019 sound of his earlier symphonies. Yet fellow British composer William Walton admired the work greatly, speaking of it as \u2018the greatest symphony since Beethoven\u2019. The Eighth is the shortest of the composer\u2019s symphonies, and much more light-hearted and joyous in mood. At the same time, it too is full of remarkable invention, especially the composer\u2019s experiments in orchestral colour. [PAR] Vladimir Jurowski has a strong affinity with British music, having embraced (both in concert and on the LPO Label) Britten, Holst and increasingly Vaughan Williams, as well as contemporary British composers such as Mark-Anthony Turnage and Julian Anderson. [PAR] Ryan Wigglesworth is the leading composer/conductor of his generation. He works with leading orchestras internationally and is currently English National Opera\u2019s Composer in Residence. He has a formidable pedigree with British repertoire including Birtwistle\u2019s The Minotaur at Covent Garden and Knussen\u2019s Higglety Pigglety Pop! at Aldeburgh, and has already introduced a host of British music, including the Sky Arts Award-winning world premiere of Julian Anderson\u2019s The Discovery of Heaven with the LPO. This performance was released on the LPO label in 2013 with The Crazed Moon and the world premiere recording of Fantasias, conducted by Vladimir Jurowski. The disc was a Gramophone Editor\u2019s Choice and a finalist in their 2014 Awards. [PAR] Both these Vaughan Williams symphonies were recorded live in concert at Royal Festival Hall. The Symphony No. 4 concert in May 2013 was part of Southbank Centre\u2019s The Rest Is Noise year-long festival of 20th-century music, inspired by Alex Ross\u2019s bestselling book of the same name. [PAR] \u201cboth symphonies are well played and recorded.\u201d Financial Times, 7th February 2015 [PAR] \u201cJurowski\u2019s account of the Eighth is well judged and paced, without ever really revealing why he should have chosen to conduct that particular symphony, but it\u2019s Ryan Wigglesworth\u2019s performance of the Fourth that really makes the disc worthwhile. The precision of the London Philharmonic\u2019s playing is the starting point for a reading of tremendous power and authority.\u201d The Guardian, 20th March 2015 *** [PAR] \u201c[Jurowski] keeps sonority and expression taut, yet in a way that gives the orchestra time to play. They respond superbly, alighting on the music's idiom - the 80-year-old Vaughan Williams's wryly imaginative take on his own earlier style - with unerring touch and precision.\u201d BBC Music Magazine, Awards Issue 2015 ***/***** [PAR] \u201cBoth conductors\u2026make a strong case for these symphonies\u2026Wigglesworth's Fourth arrives with a roar but the outrage is in the remorseless drive; Jurowski suggests parallels with Rachmaninov's The Bells in the tintinnabulations of the Eighth.\u201d Gramophone Magazine, May 2015 [PAR] Hall\u00e9 Orchestra , Sir John Barbirolli [PAR] Sir John Barbirolli\u2019s affinity with the music of Ralph Vaughan Williams was formed in his teens when he heard Gervase Elwes sing On Wenlock Edge. But it was from 1943, when he became conductor of the Hall\u00e9 Orchestra in Manchester, that he developed into one of the composer\u2019s favourite"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator [PAR] Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes [PAR] Frank Lloyd Wright? John Mason Brown? Henri Peyre? Fred Allen? Dick Cavett? Anonymous? [PAR] Dear Quote Investigator: The most acerbic criticism I have heard directed at TV was attributed to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright: [PAR] Television is just chewing gum for the eyes. [PAR] However, I recently saw the remark credited to a drama critic named John Mason Brown. Could you explore this saying? [PAR] Quote Investigator: The earliest evidence of this vivid metaphor located by QI appeared in a 1944 book by Henri Peyre who was a Professor of French at Yale University. In 1944 television sets were still very expensive, and the industry was immature in the U.S. The metaphor was applied to movies and radio broadcasts instead. Boldface has been added to excerpts: 1 [PAR] Yet there is no sorrier sight to watch then the vacant faces of those former high school and college students when, at thirty-five or fifty, all their mental alertness having vanished, the spark gone from their eyes, they dutifully chew their gum to keep from yawning, while absorbing the chewing gum for the eyes of the movies or the chewing gum for the ears of the radio. [PAR] The same men who once read Shakespeare, Moli\u00e8re, Byron glance at the headlines of their tabloid papers, turn straight to the page of the funnies, to devour them with the same dutiful sense of boredom as they swallow their hamburger at lunchtime and their highball after dinner. [PAR] More than a decade later this figurative language was applied to another communication medium. In January 1955 Steven H. Scheur who was a well-known film critic visited the \u201cbook-lined New York apartment\u201d of John Mason Brown who was a prominent theater critic. They discussed the quality of the programs broadcast on television. Brown applied the chewing-gum metaphor to TV: 2 [PAR] Although Brown is generally recognized as our most eminent theater essayist\u2014Saturday Review of Literature\u2014he confesses to a special partiality for TV news shows. [PAR] \u201cSo much of TV seems to be chewing gum for the eyes. \u2026 TV desperately needs more self-reliance and pride in the medium.\u201d [PAR] By 1958 the remark was being credited to the architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Details are given further below. [PAR] Here are additional selected citations in chronological order. [PAR] In June 1955 \u201cTime\u201d magazine wrote about a radio program called \u201cInvitation to Learning\u201d featuring three participants: critic John Mason Brown, essayist Clifton Fadiman and moderator Lyman Bryson. During the show Brown repeated his harsh characterization of TV: 3 [PAR] Talk is cheap, the three decided, but conversation has a different price tag on it. \u201cThere must be mind in talk to make it conversation,\u201d said Moderator Bryson. \u201cTelevision programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes,\u201d said Critic Brown. \u201cA conversation has to be more than just chewing gum or wastage.\u201d Essayist Fadiman urged intellectual exercise. [PAR] Brown\u2019s remark was memorable, and it was included in a collection titled \u201cBest Quotes of \u201954 \u201955 \u201956\u201d compiled by James Beasley Simpson. Brown used the saying when he was interviewed by the compiler in July 1955, but this time he credited another unnamed person: 4 [PAR] \u201cSome television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes.\u201d [PAR] John Mason Brown, quoting a friend of his small son, interview with James Simpson, July 28, 1955. [PAR] In October 1955 the popular columnist Walter Winchell printed a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Whistle Down the Wind Tickets | Broadway | Broadway.com Whistle Down the Wind | Tickets | Broadway | Broadway.com [PAR] Whistle Down the Wind [PAR] Browse more shows you may also be interested in. [PAR] Duration [PAR] A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England ... [PAR] Story [PAR] Read More [PAR] A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England to rural Louisiana in 1959. Kids discover a man in their barn. He's ill and before he passes out, they ask his name: Jesus Christ, he says, and they believe him and so determine to hide him. In fact, he is a murderer. A mob gathers to find the man. Swallow wants him to be the Christ in the hope he can bring her dead mother back to life.[DOC] [TLE] Whistle Down the Wind | Story | Broadway.com Whistle Down the Wind | Story | Broadway.com [PAR] Whistle Down the Wind [PAR] Browse more shows you may also be interested in. [PAR] Duration [PAR] Overview Story [PAR] Story [PAR] A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England to rural Louisiana in 1959. Kids discover a man in their barn. He's ill and before he passes out, they ask his name: Jesus Christ, he says, and they believe him and so determine to hide him. In fact, he is a murderer. A mob gathers to find the man. Swallow wants him to be the Christ in the hope he can bring her dead mother back to life."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Frederick Ashton | British choreographer | Britannica.com Sir Frederick Ashton | British choreographer | Britannica.com [PAR] British choreographer [PAR] Alternative Title: Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton [PAR] Sir Frederick Ashton [PAR] Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton [PAR] born [PAR] Christopher Wheeldon [PAR] Sir Frederick Ashton, in full Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton (born September 17, 1904, Guayaquil , Ecuador \u2014died August 18, 1988, Sussex , England ), principal choreographer and director of England\u2019s Royal Ballet , the repertoire of which includes about 30 of his ballets. [PAR] Frederick Ashton (left) and Robert Helpmann rehearsing their roles as the Ugly Sisters in \u2026 [PAR] Central Press/Pictorial Parade [PAR] Ashton studied dancing in London under L\u00e9onide Massine , Nicholas Legat, and Marie Rambert, who encouraged his first choreographic efforts, The Tragedy of Fashion (1926) and Capriol Suite (1930). [PAR] Ashton joined the Vic-Wells (later the Sadler\u2019s Wells and then the Royal) Ballet in 1933 and distinguished himself as a mime and character dancer in such roles as Carabosse in The Sleeping Beauty and the gigolo in Fa\u00e7ade and as the versatile choreographer of ballets that include Cinderella, Sylvia, and Daphnis and Chlo\u00eb and the film Tales of Hoffmann (1951). He was the Royal Ballet\u2019s principal choreographer from 1933 to 1970, during which time he also served as its associate director (1952 to 1963) and its director (1963 to 1970). In 1970 he retired from his administrative position in order to devote his time exclusively to choreography . [PAR] In 1963 Ashton created Marguerite and Armand especially for the new partnership of Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev . Others included The Dream (1964), a one-act ballet based on Shakespeare\u2019s A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream; Monotones (Part I, 1965; Part II, 1966), to music of Erik Satie; Jazz Calendar (1968); Enigma Variations (1968); A Month in the Country (1976); and Rhapsody (1981), based on music by Sergey Rachmaninoff . In 1970 Ashton choreographed and danced in the motion picture Tales of Beatrix Potter. His major works include such enduring favourites as Fa\u00e7ade (1931), Les Rendezvous (1933), Les Patineurs (1937), Symphonic Variations (1946), Illuminations (for the New York City Ballet , 1950), Homage to the Queen (1953), Romeo and Juliet (for the Royal Danish Ballet , 1955), Birthday Offering (1956), Ondine (1958), and La Fille mal gard\u00e9e (1960). Ashton was knighted in 1962. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] One Step Closer - The Ballet Bag One Step Closer - The Ballet Bag [PAR] By Linda Ballet History , Choreographers March 29, 2010 [PAR] One Step Closer [PAR] As the Royal Ballet\u2019s founder choreographer, Sir Frederick Ashton is to that company what Bournonville is to the Royal Danish Ballet . He nurtured Ninette de Valois \u2018s young troupe and gave it an identity through pieces created to help develop its dancers. Ashton\u2019s creations for the Royal Ballet shaped the English style of ballet, combining classical purity with expressive qualities. [PAR] Marianela Nu\u00f1ez as Sylvia and Rupert Pennefather as Aminta in Ashton\u2019s Sylvia. Photo: Bill Cooper / ROH \u00a9 [PAR] The current Royal Ballet season features such Ashton gems as La Fille Mal Gard\u00e9e , Les Patineurs/Beatrix Potter and Cinderella, while the next 18 months will bring revivals of Sylvia, Rhapsody and Sc\u00e8nes de Ballet along withanother taster of Cinderella, Les Patineurs and Tales of Beatrix Potter. There\u2019s also a Royal Ballet DVD of his masterpiece Ondine due this week, so it\u2019s high time for us to look at Ashton and his incredible talent for turning different concepts, narrative and abstract, into pure classical dance. [PAR] Frederick Ashton in a Nutshell [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Name Above The Title: An Autobiography: Amazon.co.uk ... The Name Above The Title: An Autobiography: Amazon.co.uk: Frank Capra: 9780306807718: Books [PAR] Product Description [PAR] From the Back Cover [PAR] Although Frank Capra (1897-1991) is best known as the director of It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, You Can't Take It with You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Arsenic and Old Lace, and It's a Wonderful Life, he was also an award-winning documentary filmmaker as well as a behind-the-scenes force in the Director's Guild, the Motion Picture Academy, and the Producer's Guild. He worked with or knew socially everyone in the movie business from Mack Sennett, Chaplin, and Keaton in the silent era, through the illustrious names of the golden age. He directed Clark Gable, Jimmy Stewart, Cary Grant, Gary Cooper, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jean Harlow, Claudette Colbert, Bette Davis, and others. Reading his autobiography is like having Capra sitting in your living room, regaling you with his anecdotes. In The Name Above the Title he reveals the deeply personal story of how, despite winning six Academy Awards, he struggled throughout his life against the glamors, vagaries, and frustrations of Hollywood for the creative freedom to make some of the most memorable films of all time. [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Frank Capra (1897--1991) directed many films in Hollywood, including It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, You Can't Take It with You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Arsenic and Old Lace, and It's a Wonderful Life. [PAR] What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly \u201e Goodnight Irene\" - YouTube Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly \u201e Goodnight Irene\" - YouTube [PAR] Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly \u201e Goodnight Irene\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 18, 2008 [PAR] \u201eGoodnight Irene\" [PAR] Austin -- University of Texas, June 15, 1949 [PAR] Lead Belly (vcl) (g) [PAR] Huddie William Ledbetter, (January, 1888 -- December 6, 1949) was an American folk and blues musician, notable for his clear and forceful singing, his virtuosity on the twelve string guitar, and the rich songbook of folk standards he introduced. [PAR] He is best known as Leadbelly or Lead Belly. Though many releases list him as \"Leadbelly,\" he himself spelled it \"Lead Belly.\" This is also the usage on his tombstone, as well as the Lead Belly Foundation. [PAR] Although he most commonly played the twelve string, he could also play the piano, mandolin, harmonica, violin, concertina, and accordion. In some of his recordings, such as in one of his versions of the folk ballad \"John Hardy\", he performs on the accordion instead of the guitar. In other recordings he just sings while clapping his hands or stomping his foot. The topics of Lead Belly's music covered a wide range of subjects, including gospel songs; blues songs about women, liquor and racism; and folk songs about cowboys, prison, work, sailors, cattle herding and dancing. He also wrote songs concerning the newsmakers of the day, such as President Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, Jean Harlow, the Scottsboro Boys and multi-millionaire Howard Hughes. Fame in 1986. [PAR] The day of his birth has also been debated. The most common date given is January 20, but other sources suggest he was born on January 21 or 29. The only document we have that Ledbetter, himself, helped fill out is his World War II draft registration from 1942 where he gives his birth date as January 23, 1889 [PAR] Lead Belly's boastful spirit and penchant for the occasional skirmish sometimes led him into trouble with the law, and in January 1918 he was thrown into prison for the second time, this time after killing one of his relatives, Will Stafford, in a fight. He was incarcerated in Sugar Land, Texas and it is there that he got the inspiration for the song Midnight Special. It is said that he was released two years into his 35-year sentence after writing a song appealing to Governor Pat Morris Neff for his freedom. Lead Belly had swayed Governor Neff by appealing to his strong religious values. That, in combination with good behavior (including entertaining by playing for the guards and fellow prisoners), was Lead Belly's ticket out of jail. [PAR] In 1930, Lead Belly was back in prison, this time in Louisiana for attempted homicide. It was there, three years later, that he was \"discovered\" by musicologists John and Alan Lomax, who were enchanted by his talent, passion and singularity as a performer, and recorded hundreds of his songs on portable recording equipment for the Library of Congress. The following year Lead Belly was once again pardoned, this time after a petition for his early release was taken to Louisiana Governor O.K. Allen by the Lomaxes. The petition was on the other side of a recording of one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Three Tenors - Pavarotti, Domingo, and Carreras The Three Tenors - Pavarotti, Domingo, and Carreras [PAR] The Three Tenors [PAR] The Three Tenors [PAR] Jose Carreras, Placido Domingo, and Luciano Pavarotti [PAR] The Three Tenors - Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, and Jose Carreras. Photo By: Yoshikatsu Tsuno / Getty Images [PAR] By Aaron Green [PAR] Who Are the Three Tenors? [PAR] The Three Tenors are made up of three of the world's most famous and beloved operatic tenors which include Jose Carreras, Placido Domingo, and Luciano Pavarotti. [PAR] Jose Carreras (1946-) Born in Barcelona, Spain, Jose Carreras has been performing since he was 11 years old. Professionally, Carreras began his operatic career on December 19, 1970, when he sang the principal role of Gennaro alongside Montserrat Caballe in Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia . Aside from performing, Carreras serves as president for the Jos\u00e9 Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation, which he founded after successfully overcoming his own battle with cancer. [PAR] Placido Domingo (1941-) With over 100 operas and 147 roles under his belt, Placido Domingo is a seasoned operatic star. Born in Madrid, Spain, the celebrated tenor made his operatic debut as \u201cAlfredo\u201d in La Triviata at Monterrey, Mexico in 1961. Just as Carreras and Pavarotti, Domingo has performed in opera houses around the world. Now in his mid-70s and understanding the changes in his voice, Domingo sings baritone roles instead. In 1993, Domingo founded a young singer competition called Operalia. The competition is open to 18-32 year olds, and is hosted in a different city every year. Out of nearly 1,000 entrants, only the top 40 are selected for the competition. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Great Singers Gone too Soon [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti (1935-2007) Born in Modena, Italy, Pavarotti had dreams of becoming a soccer goalkeeper, and it turned out he was quite good. However, his interest in music edged its way ahead after he won first place in the Llangollen International Singing Competition in Wales. Pavarotti went on to become one of the first opera stars to have nearly his entire performing career recorded musically and visually. He easily sold out shows and performed for millions of people in single performances. [PAR] The Origin of the Three Tenors [PAR] The idea for the Three Tenors came from Mario Dradi, an Italian manager and producer. Dradi's idea was to create a group of tenors for a concert and donate a portion of the proceeds to Jose Carreras's foundation after his successful treatment of leukemia. Jose Carreras, along with his two friends, Placido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti , agreed to perform as the Three Tenors . Dradi's idea came to fruition on July 7, 1990, the day before the FIFA World Cup in Rome. The concert was watched by over 800 million viewers, and was so well received that when a recording of the concert was released, it became the biggest selling classical album in history. The album, Carreras - Domingo - Pavarotti: the Three Tenors in Concert , set a Guinness World Record. Because of the trio's instant success, they performed at the following three FIFA World Cups: Los Angeles in 1994, Paris in 1998, and Yokohama in 2002. The tremendous reception of the Three Tenors was due largely in part to their incredible voices, down-to-earth, likable personalities, and song selections. The trio would regularly perform classic and well-known operatic arias, as well as popular Broadway show tunes that even the most novice classical music listener could love and appreciate. Given the trio's enormous popularity, imitations of the Three Tenors quickly arose all over the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celebrity Speech Impediments, Accents, Dialects, etc. Celebrity Speech Impediments, Accents, Dialects, etc. [PAR] Follow DL on [PAR] Celebrity Speech Impediments, Accents, Dialects, etc. [PAR] Liza's \"sh\" - when did it start? Why has it worsened? Carol's \"sh\" sibilant lateral lisp - is it just exaggerated, or does she do it in private too? Holly Hunter - uses the same regionalism for every role, regardless of where the play/tv show/movie is set. Hepburn uses her New England dialect in DRAGON SEED when she's supposed to be a Chinese! Discuss the celebrity speech impediments that you find endearing or irritating in the extreme [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 174 [PAR] 07/27/2016 [PAR] Holly Hunter owns this thread. There's a reason her only accolades have come from a movie in which she didn't say a word. It's not the ridiculous accent as much as it sounds like she constantly has marbles and snuff in her mouth. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Drew Barrymore's baby-doll lisp is totally distracting. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Oliver Hudson has a lisp he cannot conceal. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 11 [PAR] 05/30/2010 [PAR] Adam Scott-- who grew up in Santa Cruz, CA-- has a bit of the universal rich kid stoner's drawl. The soft o's, etc. I love it. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 13 [PAR] 05/30/2010 [PAR] Whitney's. Her speech is so slurred. I don't know what it's about. Her tongue is weird, too, when she sings. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 14 [PAR] 05/30/2010 [PAR] Peter Sarsgaard has something going on with his speech, but I can't quite put my finger on it. It's a general ooziness. So sleazy, of course I love it. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 18 [PAR] 05/30/2010 [PAR] Bernadette Peters's Queens accent -- I can't believe she hasn't been asked to blend when singing. In the cast recording for \"Gypsy,\" the actors playing Louise and Herbie sing \"togetherrrrr\" and Bernadette sings \"togetha.\" Sticks out in a big way. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 22 [PAR] 05/30/2010 [PAR] I thought part of acting school was to take speech and enunciation classes and learn how to hide or fake an accent. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] most don't go to acting school [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 24 [PAR] 05/30/2010 [PAR] Annie Lennox rules with her soft Scottish burr. I don't hear it in her songs, though, even live ones. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 25 [PAR] 05/30/2010 [PAR] Holly Hunter is hearing impaired and has that southern accent. It is amazing that she can speak as well as she does. [PAR] Carol Kane is another one who is hearing impaired as well. [PAR] I cannot snark on either one of those two at all. [PAR] Drew Barrymore is horrible. I think she was told to keep the lisp as a child (for a cuteness factor) and just could never get rid of it. Some child stars are told such things. [PAR] Barbara Walters spent part of her girlhood in Boston. I think that made her speech issue worse or something. There is an interview she did somewhere on the net where her Boston accent shone through like the dickens, but she also had that total inability to pronounce her \"R's\" as well. It is really weird and I wish I could remember where I saw it, but I cannot. [PAR] Troy Garity has a horrible way of speaking. He is Jane Fonda's son and I have no idea what is wrong with him, but he can barely speak clearly at all and he oftentimes speaks really slowly like a stroke victim"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ryan O'Neal - Biography - IMDb Ryan O'Neal - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Ryan O'Neal [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 68 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (49) | Personal Quotes (8) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] Charles Samuel Eldridge Patrick Ryan O'Neal III [PAR] Height [PAR] 6' 1\" (1.85 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Ryan O'Neal was born on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California, USA as Charles Samuel Eldridge Patrick Ryan O'Neal III. He is an actor, known for Peyton Place (1964), Barry Lyndon (1975) and Paper Moon (1973). He was previously married to Leigh Taylor-Young and Joanna Moore . [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] ( 3 April 1963 - 1967) (divorced) (2 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (4) [PAR] Often plays inept characters in comedies [PAR] Trivia (49) [PAR] Father of actor Patrick O'Neal from his marriage to Leigh Taylor-Young . [PAR] He was considered for the role of Michael Corleone in The Godfather (1972) [PAR] In remission in his battle with leukemia. [PAR] Was originally considered for the role of Rocky Balboa in Rocky (1976). However, \"Rocky\" scriptwriter Sylvester Stallone had sold the film rights on the condition that he got to play the title role, so he and not O'Neal wound up starring in the picture. [PAR] Began his career as a stand-in and stunt man. [PAR] Former brother-in-law of Dey Young and Lance Young . [PAR] He was a close friend of Lee Majors until a relationship blossomed between him and Majors' wife Farrah Fawcett . [PAR] He attended and graduated from Munich American High School in Munich, Germany, in 1959. His father was a Hollywood writer who was doing a stint working for the American government radio network \"Radio Free Europe\", which beamed programing and propaganda into Communist-controlled Eastern Europe. [PAR] As a teenager, he was a Golden Gloves boxer who compiled an amateur boxing record of 18-4 with 13 knockouts. [PAR] His manager is Neil Hassman . [PAR] One of his best friends is Charlie Mattera . [PAR] 5/07: Prosecutors decided not to file charges against him following a brawl with his son and allegations of assault on 2/3/07. [PAR] Son of actress Patricia O'Neal and author/screenwriter Charles O'Neal . [PAR] Was a Golden Gloves boxer in 1956-1957 with an 18-4 record including 13 knockouts. [PAR] His first acting job was on the German series Tales of the Vikings (1959) in 1959. [PAR] Ryan's paternal grandfather, Charles Samuel O'Neal, was born in South Carolina, and had Irish and English ancestry. Ryan's paternal grandmother, Elizabeth Maude Duffey, was born in Ireland, as was Ryan's maternal grandfather, Richard Edward O'Callaghan. Ryan's maternal grandmother, Mathilde Pius, was born in New York, to a Jewish family; Mathilde's father, Gustave Pius, was from Germany, and Mathilde's mother, Rebecca/Regina Iglick, was from Schrimm (now Srem, Poland). [PAR] Was arrested on charges of assault with a deadly weapon and negligent discharge of a firearm after a fight with his son Griffin O'Neal . Griffin apparently tied his intoxicated younger brother Redmond O'Neal to a staircase in order to keep him from leaving the house to use more drugs. When Ryan returned home and saw his son tied to the staircase he became so enraged that he fired a warning shot in order to scare Griffin. [February 2007] [PAR] He and his son Redmond O'Neal were arrested on suspicion of narcotics possession. [September 2008] [PAR] Was sentenced to undergo 18 months of rehabilitation treatment after pleading guilty to drug possession in relation to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lyrics for Mad Dogs And Englishmen - Noel Coward ... - ESL ... Lyrics for Mad Dogs And Englishmen - Noel Coward. | ESL Lounge [PAR] Mad Dogs And Englishmen Noel Coward [PAR] In tropical climes there are certain times of day [PAR] When all the citizens retire to tear their clothes off and perspire. [PAR] It's one of the rules that the greatest fools obey, [PAR] Because the sun is much too sultry [PAR] And one must avoid its ultry-violet ray. [PAR] The natives grieve when the white men leave their huts, [PAR] Because they're obviously, definitely nuts! [PAR] Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun, [PAR] The Japanese don\u00b4t care to, the Chinese wouldn\u00b4t dare to, [PAR] Hindus and Argentines sleep firmly from twelve to one [PAR] But Englishmen detest-a siesta. [PAR] In the Philippines they have lovely screens to protect you from the glare. [PAR] In the Malay States, there are hats like plates which the Britishers won't wear. [PAR] At twelve noon the natives swoon and no further work is done, [PAR] But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. [PAR] It's such a surprise for the Eastern eyes to see, [PAR] that though the English are effete, they're quite impervious to heat, [PAR] When the white man rides every native hides in glee, [PAR] Because the simple creatures hope he will impale his solar topee on a tree. [PAR] It seems such a shame when the English claim the earth, [PAR] They give rise to such hilarity and mirth. [PAR] Ha ha ha ha hoo hoo hoo hoo hee hee hee hee ...... [PAR] Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. [PAR] The toughest Burmese bandit can never understand it. [PAR] In Rangoon the heat of noon is just what the natives shun, [PAR] They put their Scotch or Rye down, and lie down. [PAR] In a jungle town where the sun beats down to the rage of man and beast [PAR] The English garb of the English sahib merely gets a bit more creased. [PAR] In Bangkok at twelve o'clock they foam at the mouth and run, [PAR] But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. [PAR] Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. [PAR] The smallest Malay rabbit deplores this foolish habit. [PAR] In Hong Kong they strike a gong and fire off a noonday gun, [PAR] To reprimand each inmate who's in late. [PAR] In the mangrove swamps where the python romps [PAR] there is peace from twelve till two. [PAR] Even caribous lie around and snooze, for there's nothing else to do. [PAR] In Bengal to move at all is seldom ever done, [PAR] But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | Books about Town The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | Books about Town [PAR] The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe [PAR] BookBench [PAR] The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is C.S. Lewis\u2019 most famous and widely read novel. It tells the story of four children who are evacuated from London to a big house in the English countryside during World War II. The youngest of the siblings, Lucy, finds a magical world called Narnia through a wardrobe in a spare room, encountering talking animals and mythical creatures. But Narnia is more dangerous than they imagine, and the children must defeat the cruel White Witch to save Narnia from eternal winter. [PAR] C.S. Lewis is one of the UK\u2019s most celebrated authors. He wrote more than 30 books, and the Narnia books have sold over 100 million copies. [PAR] This classic favourite is kindly supported by Quad Digital. Mandii Pope's inspiration for the BookBench included original illustrations by Pauline Baynes. [PAR] You could own this bench [PAR] This amazing bench could be yours. Bid in advance of our auction on 7 October. Find out more... [PAR] This BookBench is on the Bloomsbury Trail [PAR] Sponsor[DOC] [TLE] 16 Facts About 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe ... 16 Facts About 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe' | Mental Floss [PAR] 16 Facts About 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe' [PAR] darchwonders [PAR] In the 1940s, Oxford University professor C.S. Lewis struggled and fought to complete The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Little did he know that his novel would become a best seller, lead to six sequels, and still be widely read decades later. Here are some things you may not know about this long-lived children\u2019s classic. [PAR] 1. The story was inspired by an image of a faun. [PAR] From age 16 onward, Lewis often found himself imagining \u201ca Faun carrying an umbrella and parcels in a snowy wood.\u201d According to his short essay It All Began With A Picture [ PDF ], the image continued to come to him until, at age 40, he said to himself, \u201cLet's try to make a story about it.\u201d [PAR] 2. The book was also inspired by three girls who lived with Lewis during World War II. [PAR] In 1939, three girls, Margaret, Mary, and Katherine, were evacuated from London because of anticipated bombings and sent to live with Lewis in the countryside for a short time. This situation seems to be the inspiration for the four children\u2014Susan, Peter, Edmund, and Lucy\u2014being sent to live with the old Professor in the book. [PAR] 3. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe took 10 years to write. [PAR] Lewis started in 1939 and finished in 1949. The novel was published in 1950. [PAR] 4. The story was floundering until Lewis invented Aslan the lion. [PAR] Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Lewis wasn\u2019t sure what to do with the book until \u201cAslan came bounding into it.\u201d He\u2019d been having dreams of lions, and found that putting Aslan in \u201cpulled the whole story together, and soon He pulled the six other Narnian stories in after Him.\u201d [PAR] Incidentally, Aslan means \"lion\" in Turkish. [PAR] 5. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien were in a writing group called The Inklings. [PAR] While both writers were working on fantasy novels\u2014Lewis on Narnia and Tolkien on The Lord of the Rings\u2014they met every Monday morning to talk about writing. Others started to join them, and soon the group swelled to 19 men, so they started meeting on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Miss World Contest | History Today The First Miss World Contest | History Today [PAR] The First Miss World Contest [PAR] Cultural [PAR] Richard Cavendish provides a brief history of the Miss World contest, first won by Miss Sweden, Kiki Haakinson, on April 19th, 1951. [PAR] Miss Sweden, Kiki Haakonson, carried off the first Miss World title in the Lyceum Ballroom in London, in what was originally intended to be a one-off event connected with the Festival of Britain. It was the brainchild of Eric Morley, once a London orphan, an Army captain during the war and a self-made entertainment entrepreneur of great shrewdness and drive. He had already started the Come Dancing programme, which would turn into BBC television's longest-running series, and he would set commercial bingo going in Britain, in 1961. He was in his early thirties and working for a dancehall and catering company called Mecca when it was approached by an RAF officer named Phipps, who had been put in charge of Festival of Britain publicity. Phipps was looking for some pizzazz to spice up the more sedate attractions and Morley suggested an international bathing beauty competition. [PAR] That was supposed to be that, but the following year, when a Miss Universe contest was announced in the United States, Morley was piqued and persuaded his bosses at Mecca to keep Miss World going. It has kept going ever since. By 1970, when Morley's wife Julia, an ex-beauty queen herself, joined him in organising the contest and keeping the contestants' morals and modesty suitably protected (not invariably with success), Miss World was attracting television audiences in almost every country in the world and making huge amounts of money for charity. [PAR] To counter accusations that the show was equivalent to a female cattle market, the Morleys introduced questions and answers of a high-souled if stilted nature about each girl's ambitions and intellectual achievements. Morley himself loved appearing every year to announce the results, \u2018in reverse order\u2019. [PAR] Morley was a lively, vigorous character, who became chairman of Mecca. He left in 1978, but he and his wife continued to run Miss World and he was an assiduous raiser of money for charity. British television dropped Miss World in 1988, but by 1997 it was attracting 2.5 billion viewers in 155 countries and Channel Five started covering it again in Britain in 1999. Morley died in 2000, aged eighty-two."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First | ETonline.com Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First | ETonline.com [PAR] Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First [PAR] By ROBERT PACE [PAR] December 04, 2012 [PAR] Hailed filmmaker Steven Spielberg has one of the most beloved bodies of work in film history, but it took him some time to witness his hard work become cast in shiny medal at a major awards ceremony. However, the deep resonation of Schindler's List amongst audiences and critics helped him win his first Oscars in 1994. [PAR] A professional filmmaker since the late '60s, Spielberg had been in the business for a while and had been putting out hit films from The Blues Brothers to E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to Back to the Future, but he had yet to receive an Oscar for his work despite five nominations and an honorary Oscar as a producer. [PAR] VIDEO: E.T. Gets the ET Treatment [PAR] Spielberg not only won his first Oscar in 1994 for the Holocaust-based Schindler's List but won his first two Oscars that night, adding Best Picture to his Best Director Award. Although he was joyful to have won the award, he was reminded in the pressroom of his initial hesitation in making the film after buying the rights to the story. [PAR] \"I was very intimidated by the subject matter when I first read the book... I was just intimidated by the responsibility,\" he reflects in the flashback. \"I just wasn't ready. Sometimes you're just not ready for these things...I woke up one morning and I said to Kate (wife), 'I've got to make 'Schindler's List,' and she said, 'Where did that come from?' and I said, 'I don't know, but I just have to make it.'\" [PAR] VIDEO: Oscars Flashback '90: Day-Lewis's Right Foot [PAR] While the influence of Spielberg waiting to take on the final product of Schindler's List will never be known, it never seemed a more brilliant decision for him as he stood there with fistfuls of polished trophies. After waiting years for that very moment, Spielberg reflected on the win. [PAR] \"I could have dealt with never winning an Academy Award because I had practiced dealing with it for the last twelve years,\" he says. \"So, this was a wonderful honor tonight. If I hadn't have gotten it, I probably would have been shattered...It's just great to win. It's just wonderful to win. I think all of us feel that way.\"[DOC] [TLE] Schindler\u2019s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar ... Schindler\u2019s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar - Dec 15, 1993 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Schindler\u2019s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Schindler\u2019s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar [PAR] Author [PAR] Schindler\u2019s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1993, Schindler\u2019s List, starring Liam Neeson in the true story of a German businessman who saves the lives of more than a thousand Polish Jews during the Holocaust, opens in theaters. The film was nominated for 12 Academy Awards and took home seven Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director. It was the first Best Director win for Spielberg, who had been nominated in the category for three of his earlier films: 1977\u2019s Close Encounters of the Third Kind, 1981\u2019s Raiders of the Lost Ark and 1982\u2019s E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. Schindler\u2019s List was adapted from Thomas Keneally\u2019s 1982 book Schindler\u2019s Ark, about the Catholic businessman Oskar Schindler, who saved a large number of Jews during the Holocaust by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wiz (1978) - IMDb The Wiz (1978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An adaptation of 'The Wizard of Oz' that tries to capture the essence of the African-American experience. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \"No Small Parts\" IMDb Exclusive: 'Edge of Seventeen' Star Hailee Steinfeld [PAR] Hailee Steinfeld has received critical acclaim for her role in the coming-of-age comedy The Edge of Seventeen . What other roles has she played over the years? Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 27 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 14 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Wiz \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 4 Oscars. Another 1 win & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Dorothy, a twenty-four-year-old kindergarten teacher, born; raised; and still working in Harlem, is celebrating Thanksgiving with her extended family, but she doesn't seem to be thankful for much in life. She lives a self-imposed sheltered life; she is shy and unfulfilled. Things change for her when she is caught in a snowstorm while chasing after her dog, Toto. They are transported to the mysterious Land of Oz, where she is informed that the only possible way to find her way back home is through the assistance of the powerful wizard in Emerald City. As she goes searching for him, she befriends some creatures who are facing problems in life just as she is. In their quest to find and get help from the wizard, they also face Evillene, the equally evil sister of Evermean, the wicked witch, whom Dorothy inadvertently killed when she arrived in Oz, and who may be their biggest obstacle in achieving their goals. Written by Huggo [PAR] The Wiz! The Stars! The Music! Wow! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 24 October 1978 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Dolby (35 mm prints)| 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Simultaneously with the release of the film, Congoleum, the flooring company that designed the look of the Yellow Brick Road for the film, also marketed the same design (also called Yellow Brick Road) for home use. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The scarecrow is still learning how to walk after he got down from the pole. When Dorothy runs to the taxis, the scarecrow walks perfectly to another place behind Dorothy. When they sing \"Ease on down the road,\" the scarecrow is sill trying to walk to the Yellow Brick Road. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Scarecrow : Now I'll never get my brain! [PAR] Tinman : Nor my heart. [PAR] Lion : Or my courage [PAR] Dorothy : But you don't need them now"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shepperton Studios [gb] - IMDb Shepperton Studios [gb] [PAR] Sign in with Facebook Other Sign in options [PAR] Shepperton Studios [gb] [PAR] IMDbPro.com offers expanded company and employee contact details for over 62,600 companies in the entertainment industry as well as representation listings for over 140,000 individuals, including actors, directors, and producers. [PAR] More information for this company is available on IMDbPro . [PAR] Contact: [PAR] The Book Thief (2013) ... Foley Recorded At [PAR] Belle (2013) ... Foley Recorded At, Sound Re-recorded At [PAR] The Numbers Station (2013) ... Foley Recording [PAR] Frankenweenie (2012) ... Foley Recording [PAR] My Week with Marilyn (2011) ... Sound Re-recording Facilities [PAR] Hysteria (2011) ... Foley Recorded At [PAR] Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010) ... Foley Recording Facility [PAR] Nine (2009) ... Re-recording Facility (as Pinewood & Shepperton Studios) [PAR] Pirate Radio (2009) ... Filmed On Location At (as Shepperton Studios, London, England) [PAR] Keeping Mum (2005) ... Sound Re-recorded At [PAR] Doom (2005) ... Sound Re-recorded At (as Shepperton Studios, England, UK) [PAR] Color Me Kubrick (2005) ... Adr And Foley Recording, Sound Re-recorded At [PAR] Mrs Henderson Presents (2005) ... Movie Studio [PAR] Proof (2005) ... Thanks (as Shepperton Studios, London England) [PAR] Sahara (2005) ... Movie Studio (uncredited) [PAR] Valiant (2005) ... Sound Re-recording [PAR] The Phantom of the Opera (2004) ... Foley Recorded At [PAR] Closer (2004/I) ... Filmed At [PAR] Alexander (2004) ... Movie Studio [PAR] Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004) ... Movie Studio, Sound Re-recorded At (as Pinewood Shepperton Studios) [PAR] Millions (2004) ... Re-recorded At [PAR] Birth (2004) ... Foley Recorded At [PAR] Finding Neverland (2004) ... Foley Recording (as Shepperton Studios) [PAR] Yes (2004/I) ... Sound Re-recorded At[DOC] [TLE] Shepperton Studios | Britmovie | Home of British Films Britmovie | Home of British Films [PAR] Home of British Films [PAR] Studios [PAR] Shepperton Studios [PAR] Excellent films continued to be made at Shepperton during the 1980s such as The Elephant Man (1980) , The Missionary (1982), The Company Of Wolves (1984), Passage To India (1984) and Kenneth Branagh \u2018s first film production, Henry V (1989) . Also among the 1980s productions at the studios were Privates On Parade (1982) and Michael Radford\u2019s film of the George Orwell novel 1984 (1984). The 1990s saw Neil Jordan\u2019s Oscar winner, The Crying Game (1992) ; Louis Matte\u2019s Damage (1992); Kenneth Branagh \u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Mary Shelley\u2019s Frankenstein (1994) and Nicholas Hytner\u2019s award winning The Madness of King George (1994) , Lord Attenborough\u2019s Chaplin (1992) and Shadowlands (1993) . [PAR] The Scott brothers, Ridley and Tony, acquired Shepperton in January 1995. In 2001, Pinewood Studios, famed for its James Bond movies, bought Shepperton studios to enable the joint company to attract big-budget film-makers. The two studios continue to retain their individual trading identities despite the merger but will be under common ownership and management. [PAR] Selected Bibliography Sources: British Film Studios: An Illustrated History, Patricia Warren. [PAR] Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) [PAR] Stagknight (2007) [PAR] The Christmas Miracle of Jonathan Toomey (2007) [PAR] 28 Weeks Later (2007) [PAR] The Da Vinci Code (2006) [PAR] As You Like It (2006) [PAR] Land of the Blind (2006) [PAR] The Magic Flute (2006) [PAR] My House in Umbria (2004) [PAR] If Only (2004) [PAR] Too Kill a King (2003) [PAR] Sylvia (2003) [PAR] Jason And The Argonauts (2000) [PAR] Love\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Labour\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Lost (2000) [PAR] Not I (2000) [PAR] In Love and War (1996) [PAR] Muppet Treasure Island (1996) [PAR] Wind in the Willows (1996) [PAR] Evita (1996) [PAR] Intimate with a Stranger (1995) [PAR] Carrington (1995) [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Brief History of The Rank Organisation A Brief History of The Rank Organisation | [PAR] VCI Homepage [PAR] A Brief History of The Rank Organisation [PAR] Classic film buffs will fondly remember the thrilling sight of the famous \u201cGong Man\u201d which preceded the opening credits of every movie produced by The Rank Organisation, England\u2019s biggest and finest film production, distribution and exhibition company. The mere presence of this studio icon at the beginning of the film had the effect, much like the proverbial Pavlov\u2019s dog, of wetting the theatre audience\u2019s appetite, while assuring that they were about to share another brilliant movie experience. The Gong Man simply epitomized the best in filmmaking. [PAR] J. Arthur Rank was born in 1888 in a decidedly Victorian England. He was the son of Joseph Rank, who owned a successful flour milling business. Young Rank eventually inherited his father\u2019s business; however, it was never seriously his cup of tea. Rank was also a devout member of the Methodist Church and even became a Sunday school teacher, to which he often showed religious films. Disparaged by the lack of quality religious films, he began to produce his own, which he also then distributed to other churches and schools and eventually led to the formation of the Religious Film Society. [PAR] In a momentous turn of events, the Methodist Times newspaper began to editorialize about the negative impact that British and American movies have on Britain\u2019s families. The London Evening News countered with an editorial which suggested that instead of complaining, the Methodist Church should provide a solution for the problem. It was at that moment; J. Arthur Rank committed himself to take up the challenge. Rank, together with a young film producer named John Corfield and Lady Henrietta Yule of Bricket Wood, soon formed the British National Films Company and within short order, produced their first commercial film, Turn of the Tide. [PAR] Though only modestly successful, their first production did at least provide the novicefilmmakers with an introduction to some of the challenges of working in the movie business. Far from discouraging Rank, the experience provided new motivation and launched the young company on a campaign of partnerships and acquisitions which would eventually create a worldwide conglomerate. [PAR] Rank and his partners made their next move in 1935, becoming owner-operators of Pinewood Film Studios, which had only recently been created as a potential rival to the Hollywood studios. Then in 1936, Rank made a bold move to improve his distribution, by removing the middlemen who controlled 80% of the British film industry, and clogged the theatrical pipeline with American movies. He began by forming a partnership with filmmaker C.M. Woolf, for the purpose of creating the General Cinema Finance Corporation (GCFC). They then used that company to buy out General Film Distributors, the UK distributors for Universal Pictures. Distribution problems solved. [PAR] By 1937, Rank\u2019s movie assets were still accumulating, and besides Pinewood, now included Denham Film Studios, as well as several other interests, and it was at this time he consolidated these holdings in a new company called the Rank Organisation. In 1938, the Rank Organisation bought the Odeon cinema chain. In 1938, it also bought Amalgamated Studios in Elstree, and in 1941, it absorbed the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation, which owned 251 cinemas, and the Lime Grove Studios, (which Rank later sold to BBC Television.) It also acquired the Paramount cinema chain, so that by 1942, the Rank Organisation owned a total of 619 cinemas. By the late 1940s, Rank owned a total of five studios adding Ealing Studios and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Dylan's Renaldo and Clara To Be Finally Released ... Bob Dylan's Renaldo and Clara To Be Finally Released | Literary Kicks [PAR] Bob Dylan's Renaldo and Clara To Be Finally Released [PAR] Levi Asher \u2022 January 17th, 2011 [PAR] Summer Of Love [PAR] Dylanologists rejoice! I've heard from a semi-reliable source that Renaldo and Clara, a much-discussed and little-seen 1978 epic film by Bob Dylan, will soon be finally released on DVD. [PAR] This astounding, rich and often frustrating movie represented one of the most dramatic episodes in Bob Dylan's long career. An ambitious, intentionally difficult postmodern art film, Renaldo and Clara was panned by critics for being pretentious, incomprehensible and painfully long (all of these things are true). Released in the early years of the punk-rock/new-wave era, the film's windy self-indulgence revealed Dylan as completely out of step with his times. Stung by the criticism, Dylan has refused to release the film ever since. It has not shown in theatres since the 1970s, and has never been officially released on VHS or DVD. [PAR] But this movie is a masterpiece in spite of its faults, or perhaps because of them. Conceived by Dylan as an early experiment in cinema verite (a genre now typically known as \"reality tv\"), Renaldo and Clara tells a single story but deliberately confuses the identities of all the characters, several of which are played by Dylan, his former lover Joan Baez or his then-wife Sara Dylan. Bob Neuwirth, T. Bone Burnette, Ronee Blakely, Mick Ronson, Scarlet Rivera, Ronnie Hawkins, Rob Stoner and countless other friends come along for the ride. Various improvised or real-life scenes introduce themes of love, politics and the meaning of America, and by the end none of the themes are easily resolved. The film quality is erratic, the direction is often unclear, and the acting is often clumsy (guitarist Mick Ronson is particularly wooden, and Dylan is no Brando himself) [PAR] However, stirring scenes and images emerge. Most importantly, the narrative scenes are intercut with stunning complete performances of great songs like Tangled Up In Blue, It Ain't Me Babe, Never Let Me Go, When I Paint My Masterpiece and One More Cup Of Coffee. The film features Dylan in a peak moment of live performance with the Rolling Thunder Revue (the largest and, in my opinion, most exciting band he ever played with). [PAR] The film's literary credentials are through the roof. It's co-written by Sam Shepard, includes a powerful poetry performance by Anne Waldman, and features many beguiling scenes with Allen Ginsberg and Peter Orlovsky, who light up the screen whenever they appear. This movie is also the only close glimpse curious Dylan fans will ever get of Sara Dylan, the songwriter's greatest muse (Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowlands) and the mother of his older children. [PAR] I've seen Renaldo and Clara several times, but always on either a fuzzy bootleg VHS recording or, more recently, in broken segments on YouTube. In either case, the viewing experience is not great (it pretty much looks like the image at the top of this page, which show Sara and Bob as Clara and Renaldo). I'm looking forward to seeing it in high quality video for the first time, and hearing the killer live music in high quality audio. Maybe this time I'll even be able to understand more of the story. [PAR] It's not clear whether Dylan has refused to release this film since the 1970s only to spite the critics or for other reasons. The crash-landing of Renaldo and Clara coincided with Dylan and Sara's divorce,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ... Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details - SoundtrackCollector.com [PAR] Murder On The Orient Express [PAR] Murder On The Orient Express (1974) [PAR] Composer(s): [PAR] Total number of members who have this title in their: [PAR] Collection: 373 [PAR] There are 7 compilation albums for this title. [PAR] Things you can do: [PAR] Members who have this label in their: [PAR] Collection: 29 [PAR] (a) The Body; (b) Remembering Daisy (03:03) [PAR] 5. [PAR] Track listing contributed by Robert DiMucci [PAR] Capitol Records TOCP 6588 [PAR] Members who have this label in their: [PAR] Collection: 11 [PAR] Members who have this label in their: [PAR] Collection: 60 [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 2. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 3. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 4. [PAR] The Ori\ufffdnt Express (11:25) [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 5. [PAR] The Body & Remembering Daisy (03:11) [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 6. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 7. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 8. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 9. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 10. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 11. [PAR] from \"Murder on the Ori\ufffdnt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 12. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 13. [PAR] Arrival At Wode Hall (01:30) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 14. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 15. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 16. [PAR] Duet And Love Theme (03:07) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 17. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 18. [PAR] I Love My Baby (02:29) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 19. [PAR] The Statues Of Rameses (02:00) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 20. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 21. [PAR] Journey On The Nile (02:53) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 22. [PAR] The Temple Of Karnak (02:13) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 23. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 24. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 25. [PAR] Fox Trot - Don't Say No To... (01:38) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 26. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 27. [PAR] Waltz - The White Nile (01:21) [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 28. [PAR] from \"Death on the Nile\" by Nino Rota [PAR] 29. [PAR] Composed by Sir William Walton [PAR] 5. [PAR] ODD MAN OUT: Prelude (03:53) [PAR] Composed by Willian Alwyn [PAR] LADY CAROLINE LAMB: Elegy for Viola and Orchestra (2nd Movement) (02:58) [PAR] Composed by Sir Richard Rodney Bennett [PAR] 7. [PAR] BRIEF ENCOUNTER: Piano Concerto No.2 (09:16) [PAR] Composed by Serge Rachmaninoff [PAR] THE INN OF THE SIXTH HAPPINESS: London Prelude (03:40) [PAR] Composed by Malcolm Arnold [PAR] HENRY V: Touch Her Soft Lips and Part (01:28) [PAR] Composed by Sir William Walton [PAR] 10. [PAR] FOUR WEDDINGS AND"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great White Hope | Civic Issues- Race The Great White Hope | Civic Issues- Race [PAR] The Great White Hope [PAR] 3 Replies [PAR] As an avid fan of sports and hip-hop it\u2019s easy to recognize the similarities that both possess. For example their both very popular and a part of the mainstream consciousness. Another similarity they share, at least in America, is that they are both realms of society that are dominated by African Americans. While that domination of two of the largest American entertainment realms by one race is interesting what\u2019s even more interesting is the effect it has on the race that is the majority in the other American realms. This domination of African Americans in hip hop and sports has led to one of the most unique Phenomenon in the world, the phenomenon of \u201cThe Great White Hope\u201d. [PAR] I\u2019m sure we have all heard the term before. It\u2019s usually used in some form of jest. But I think it has deeper racial implications that we often don\u2019t realize or choose to ignore. Why do we even have this term? Well origin wise it comes form the early 1900s, courtesy of the great American write Jack London. At the time Jack Johnson was the best boxer in the world. Unfortunately he was black so he didn\u2019t get a chance at the championship. After chasing the champion for two years, jack Johnson finally got a chance at the title and won handily in fifteen rounds. Not able to stomach the sight of a black boxing champion Jack London called on James Jeffries, who retired to avoid fighting Johnson, to come out of retirement, christening him the \u201cGreat White Hope\u201d. Needless to say Jack Johnson demolished James Jeffries. Ever since then whenever there\u2019s a white person as the minority in sports or music they\u2019ve been christened with the unique moniker. [PAR] But why? Its understandable that the term was used on the past but surely in this day and age we would value people as individuals for their skills rather than their skin color. Sadly, we still use the term. I mean you can ever argue that part of Eminem\u2019s early success came from the fact that he represented a white face in a sea of black rappers. But back to the reasoning behind the term. In my opinion, the moniker is a sign of fear. It shows that white people are afraid of being reduced to the minority. There\u2019s a moment in Django Unchained where Calvin Candie, the southern plantation owner played by Leonardo DiCaprio asks \u201cWhy didn\u2019t the blacks rise up and kill all the whites?\u201d. Well that has come true albeit in a much different way through the freeing of slaves and the subsequent years of civil rights reform. The use of Great White Hope seems to be a defense mechanism to give the white race a champion to defend them from being overwhelmed. [PAR] Its one thing when the phrase is used in the entertainment world. Athletes and musicians are entertainers and they need to drum up business so you can partly chalk up the use of the phrase to marketing. Using the term evokes images of conflict, which is useful in sports because it forces people to pick sides. What\u2019s alarming though is the use of the phrase outside of the entertainment world. In the Huffington Post article by Bob Burnett it goes in length about Mitt Romney\u2019s attempts to win the white vote by casting himself as the great white hope. While he never uses the phrase, little things"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Birthdays on 3rd January | OnThisDay.com January 3 - Famous Birthdays - On This Day [PAR] On This Day [PAR] Famous Birthdays on January 3 [PAR] Full Calendar [PAR] Birthdays 1 - 200 of 237 [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] 106 BC Cicero , Roman statesman and philosopher, born in Arpinum (d. 43 BC) [PAR] Roman Statesman & Philosopher [PAR] 1196 Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (d. 1231) [PAR] 1624 William Tucker, 1st African American child born in America [PAR] 1680 Johann Baptist Zimmermann, German stucco worker [PAR] 1698 Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet (d. 1782) [PAR] 1710 Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. 1796) [PAR] 1719 Francisco Jos\u00e9 Freire, Portuguese historian (d. 1773) [PAR] 1722 Fredric Hasselquist, Swedish naturalist (d. 1752) [PAR] 1730 Charles Palissot de Montenoy, French writer/politician [PAR] 1757 Johann Abraham Sixt, composer [PAR] 1760 John Storm, American Revolutionary soldier (d. 1835) [PAR] 1763 Joseph Fesch, French cardinal/war commission/earl/senator [PAR] 1777 Louis Poinsot, French instrument worker [PAR] 1777 M A Elisa Bonaparte, Corsican monarch of Lucca/Piombino [PAR] 1778 Antoni Melchior Fija\u0142kowski, Polish bishop (d. 1861) [PAR] 1786 [Johann Christian] Friedrich Schneider, German composer and conductor (d. 1853) [PAR] 1789 Carl G Carus, German physician/psychologist/philosopher [PAR] 1793 Lucretia Coffin Mott, US, teacher/minister/abolitionist/feminist [PAR] 1802 Feliks Ostrowski, composer [PAR] 1802 Charles Pelham Villiers, British House of Commons member (d. 1898) [PAR] 1803 Douglas William Jerrold, author/playwright/wit (Punch Mag), born in London, England [PAR] 1806 Henriette Sontag, German soprano (d. 1854) [PAR] 1810 Antoine T d'Abbadie, French explorer (Ethiopia) [or Jul 24] [PAR] 1810 Eliza Von Bretton di Zerega, Danish West Indies, baroness [PAR] 1819 Thomas Hill Watts, Atty Gen (Confederacy), (d. 1892) [PAR] 1819 Charles Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland (d. 1900) [PAR] 1823 Jaak-Nikolaas Lemmens, Flemish composer [PAR] 1828 Karl Collan, Finnish composer [PAR] 1829 John G R Acquoy, theologist/church historian [PAR] 1829 Konrad Duden, German linguist (Der grosse Duden) [PAR] 1830 Alexander Ewing, composer [PAR] 1835 Larkin Goldsmith Mead, sculptor [PAR] 1836 Sakamoto Ryoma, Japanese revolutionary (d. 1867) [PAR] 1840 Father Joseph Damien de Veuster, Belgium, helped lepers in Hawaii [PAR] 1853 Iwan Knorr, German composer, born in Mewe (d. 1916) [PAR] 1855 Hubert Bland, English socialist (d. 1914) [PAR] 1861 William Renshaw, British champion tennis player (d. 1904) [PAR] 1862 Sir Matthew Nathan, British Governor of Queensland and other places (d. 1939) [PAR] 1865 Henry Lytton, British actor and opera singer (d. 1936) [PAR] 1868 Franz V M Cumont, Belgian religious historian [PAR] 1869 Paul Charles Rene Landormy, composer [PAR] 1870 Henry Eichheim, composer [PAR] 1870 Henry Handel Richardson, Australia, novelist (Richard Mahoney) [PAR] 1873 Ichizo Kobayashi, Japanese businessman (d. 1957) [PAR] 1876 Wilhelm Pieck, co-founder German Communist Party/pres (1949-60) [PAR] 1879 Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge, US First Lady (1923-29) [PAR] 1882 Willem Benoy, Flemish actor/director (Pygmalion) [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] 1884 Eli S Jones, US, evangelist (Christ of Indian road) [PAR] 1884 Raoul Armand Georg Koczalski, composer [PAR] 1886 Arthur Mailey, cricketer (great Aussie leg-spinner & cartoonist) [PAR] 1886 John G Fletcher, US, poet (Epic of Arkansas) [PAR] 1886 Josephine Hull, Newtonville MA, Academy award actress (Harvey) [PAR] 1887 Helen Parkhurst, US educator (Education on the Dalton plan) [PAR] 1887 August Macke, German painter (d. 1914) [PAR] 1891 Osip E Mandelstam, Polish/Russian poet/author (Kamenj) [NS=Jan 15] [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] 1892 J. R. R. Tolkien , British author (The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings), born in Bloemfontein, South Africa (d. 1973) [PAR] Writer and Academic [PAR] 1893 Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, French novelist/essayist (Gilles) [PAR] 1894 ZaSu Pitts, American actress (Life With Father, Dames, Wedding March), born in Parsons, Kansas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In (Series) - TV Tropes Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Series / Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] WMG [PAR] The cast during the second season (1968-69) note From top to bottom, starting from the left \u2014 First column: Dave Madden. Second column: Larry Hovis, Chelsea Brown, Judy Carne. Third column: Goldie Hawn, Henry Gibson, Dan Rowan. Fourth column: Arte Johnson, Ruth Buzzi, Dick Martin. Fifth column: Alan Sues, Jo Anne Worley. Not pictured: Gary Owens. [PAR] Announcer: This show has been prerecorded to give the cast a chance to get away. [PAR] German Soldier: Veeeeery eenteresting, but they'll never make it across the border. [PAR] (laughs maniacally) [PAR] An iconic, anarchic hour-long Sketch Comedy series broadcast on NBC from 1968 to 1973. Created by George Schlatter, it broke new ground in television comedy with its rapid-fire jokes, outrageous characters and \u2014 for the time \u2014 utterly insane and over-the-top humor. The show's ostensible hosts were the urbane Dan Rowan and the somewhat dim Dick Martin, but this tuxedo-clad pair were frequently outshone by the platoon of seeming lunatics who made up the rest of the cast. [PAR] The show is best known today for the future stars whose careers it launched \u2014 Goldie Hawn, Lily Tomlin , Tiny Tim , Henry Gibson, Ruth Buzzi, Arte Johnson, Pat Paulson, and Jo Anne Worley among others \u2014 and the incredible comic moments it managed to pull off (such as then-presidential-candidate Richard Nixon asking America to \"sock it to him\"). But until the birth of Saturday Night Live several years later, Laugh-In was the touchstone of modern American humor. (SNL emulated it, in some ways \u2014 unsurprisingly, because many Laugh-In writers later worked on SNL, including the later show's creator and executive producer, Lorne Michaels .) It was possibly the single largest source of Running Gags , Catch Phrases and other pop culture contributions during the middle of the 20th century, and developed during its surprisingly brief run an utterly unique and frenetically subversive style that carried them directly into the subconscious of the viewer. Because of its wild and unpredictable yet intelligent style, it was also often very successful at getting surprisingly risque material (for the era) on the air \u2014 usually by setting up apparently-innocent situations where the viewer's mind would fill in the blanks with suitably dirty punchlines and speculations of their own. [PAR] Regular features of the show included Rowan and Martin's opening \"monologue\", Gladys and Tyrone the Dirty Old Man on the park bench, the \"cocktail party\", the not-quite adventures of the Farkle family, \"Laugh-In News\" and the end-of-episode \"joke wall\". In addition to the videotaped studio sketches, there were also a large number of filmed bits, most of them running gags, including most famously Judy Carne and Goldie Hawn go-go dancing, and the raincoated man on his tricycle. Every episode had a celebrity Special Guest who participated \u2014 usually with gleeful good humor \u2014 in the anarchic goings-on. Certain stars \u2014 like Tiny Tim \u2014 were particular favorites and were brought back episode after episode until they were almost members of the main cast themselves. Video clips of previous guest stars would also frequently show up on later shows as punchlines, setups or simple Reaction Shots . [PAR] Part of the show's charm was due to Schlatter's tendency not to do retakes, leaving bungles, bloopers and cast crack-ups in place for broadcast. (In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ... Revisiting Bob Seger's Only No. 1 Hit, 'Shakedown' [PAR] Subscribe to Ultimate Classic Rock on [PAR] It took two decades, Eddie Murphy and a five-year break from the Top 10 for Bob Seger to score his first, and only, No. 1 hit. On top of all that, after recording for the same company for 20 years, that hit single was on a different label \u2013 a one-off song cut for a soundtrack album. [PAR] But the Beverly Hills Cop franchise was no ordinary \u201980s product. It was product, no mistake, but the movies featured Murphy, the hottest comedy star of the decade. The first film in the series, 1984\u2019s Beverly Hills Cop, was a smash, and its soundtrack album reached No. 1. The 1987 follow-up promised more of the same \u2013 but bigger. [PAR] Glenn Frey had a No. 2 hit with \u201cThe Heat Is On\u201d from the first movie. But Bob Seger, who hadn\u2019t had a Top 10 song since \u201cShame on the Moon\u201d climbed to No. 2 in 1982, did him one better with \u201cShakedown.\u201d (Reportedly, Frey was supposed to sing the follow-up too, but in a turn of events, Seger ended up with the song.) Remarkably, it was Seger\u2019s only chart-topper after nearly three dozen charting singles. [PAR] \u201cShakedown\u201d was written by Bob Seger, Harold Faltermeyer (who hit No. 3 with the instrumental \u201cAxel F\u201d from the first movie) and Keith Forsey, who produced the song (as well as other tracks on the Beverly Hills Cop II soundtrack). And it sounded nothing like the meat-and-potatoes heartland rock that Seger\u2019s fans were used to. In fact, with its heavy use of synthesizers and dance beat that aims for both the Top 40 and club floors, the song is one of the worst of Seger\u2019s long career. [PAR] But he needed the boost. After breaking out with Night Moves in 1976, Seger was on a roll, logging six Top 10 songs in six years, plus a No. 1 album. In the mid \u201980s, with MTV dominating the charts, Bob Seger\u2019s brand of gutsy rock \u2018n\u2019 roll \u2013 splashed with some old-school R&B and even a bit of Detroit-style garage rock \u2013 was falling out of favor with mainstream fans. Seger\u2019s two singles preceding \u201cShakedown\u201d didn\u2019t even reach the Top 50. [PAR] So, \u201cShakedown\u201d was the temporary shot in the arm that Seger needed. But it was temporary. After staying at the top of the chart for one week in August 1987, the song slowly slipped from the upper reaches of the Top 40 \u2013 and so did Bob Seger. In the 26 years since it reached No. 1, Seger has had only one other charting single, 1991\u2019s \u201cThe Real Love,\u201d which stalled at No. 24. [PAR] For one week in 1987, though, he was on top of the world, thanks to a summer blockbuster, Eddie Murphy and a song the MTV generation could identify with. [PAR] See Bob Seger and Other Rockers in the Top 100 Albums of the \u201970s [PAR] Image of[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Least Worthy No. 1 Hits of the '80s - '80s Music Ten Least Worthy Number One Hits of the '80s [PAR] Buy from Amazon [PAR] This 1981 chart-topper is an appropriate place to start this list because it's a song that belongs on this dubious countdown in several ways. First, almost any song from a film soundtrack, especially one as saccharine and easy-listening-infested as this one, raises some major red flags as it climbs the charts. This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie Review - 'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom' : NPR Movie Review - 'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom' : NPR [PAR] With: Idris Elba , Naomie Harris , Terry Pheto [PAR] In English, Xhosa and Afrikaans. [PAR] Some movies try to underscore their authenticity by flashing dates, names and locations on the screen. Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom offers some dates and locations, but not much in the way of names. The result is a history of national transformation in which only two people really seem to matter. [PAR] One of them, of course, is Nelson Mandela, whose memoir is a major source for William Nicholson's script. As embodied by Idris Elba, Mandela is a powerful physical presence. The movie shows its protagonist walking, running and doing pushups to freedom. Even during 27 years in prison, his vigor rarely flags. [PAR] The other dynamo is Winnie Mandela, Nelson's second wife and eventual adversary, and Naomie Harris fiercely conveys the rage and certainty that make her the film's most interesting character. The scenes in which she refuses to join her husband's campaign for racial reconciliation are the strongest and most complex. [PAR] Elsewhere, however, complexity doesn't seem to be a priority for director Justin Chadwick, whose previous historical pictures include the soapy, baldly fictionalized The Other Boleyn Girl. There's a lot of Mandela's 95 years to get on screen, plus a few corny dream sequences, and a mere 139 minutes to do it. [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] Chadwick begins, after a glimpse at the great man's modest rustic childhood, with Mandela's work as a lawyer in Johannesburg in the 1940s. The young attorney displays an erotic bravado that's especially pungent \u2014 and risky \u2014 in piously racist South Africa. Mandela doesn't just flirt with, fondle and cheat with black women; he embarrasses a white woman into dropping a theft case by displaying a contested pair of underpants to the court. [PAR] Naomie Harris plays the role of Mandela's second wife, Winnie Mandela, and the two of them spark some of the film's best and most complex moments. Keith Bernstein/The Weinstein Company hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Keith Bernstein/The Weinstein Company [PAR] The story then leaps, and jarringly, to the 1960 massacre in Sharpeville, where police opened fire on unarmed demonstrators. That famous outrage is used here as narrative shorthand for Mandela's radicalization, which in fact happened long before that. No matter: He begins to work with the African National Congress and its military wing, Spear of the Nation. [PAR] Arrested in 1962, Mandela is brought to trial with seven other men. One small detail is all that distinguishes them: The black \"boys\" are issued shorts, while the one prisoner of Indian descent is given trousers. Most of these men will still be Mandela's cohorts 27 years later, yet they're never introduced. [PAR] That's typical of the movie, which focuses all too tightly on its namesake. Occasionally, the filmmakers crack open a window and context floods in, usually in the form of vintage TV news footage. Mostly, though, the movie is designed for people who already know some history of South Africa from 1942 to 1994, or who don't much care. [PAR] The black-on-black carnage of the early '90s is invoked but not explained; in fact this period is depicted almost grudgingly, as an annoying bump on the road to Mandela's electoral triumph. Finally, South Africa's first black president goes to greet his people, heralded by the tintinnabulating guitar of ... U2's \"The Edge.\" [PAR] Enlisting the Irish pompsters for that final musical flourish is a strange"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] G&S101: The Gilbert & Sullivan Story I - Musicals G&S101: The Gilbert & Sullivan Story I [PAR] (All the photos below are thumbnails \u0096 click on them to see larger versions.) [PAR] William Gilbert \u0096 Arthur Sullivan \u0096 Richard D'Oyly Carte [PAR] Beginning in the 1870s, three Englishmen -- playwright William S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan --revolutionized the musical theatre, creating a series of witty, melodic operettas that set a new standard for stage professionalism. Sullivan's music sparkled with fresh melody, and Gilbert's librettos blended silliness and satire in settings that ranged from pure fantasy to the utterly realistic. Innovative producer Richard D'Oyly Carte publicized these shows as \"light operas\", but by any name, they were musicals \u0096 some of the finest the world would ever see in any language. [PAR] Beginnings [PAR] Gilbert was an unsuccessful attorney before a series of his illustrated comic poems were published in several popular British magazines. This opened the way to a successful career as a London playwright and director. At the same time, Sullivan was winning acclaim as Britain's most promising serious composer, but he was quite willing to compose lighter pieces to cover the expenses of the high-society lifestyle he craved. Both men had written minor musical shows with other collaborators, but neither expected that musical theatre would be their key to lasting fame. [PAR] In the 1860s, the British musical theatre consisted of variety shows, French operettas, and the slapdash comic light operas presented by John Hollingshead at his Gaiety Theatre. Hollingshead hired Gilbert and Sullivan to create Thespis (1871 - 63), a mythological spoof involving a theatrical troupe that stumbles onto Mount Olympus and trades places with the aging Greek gods. Written and staged in a frantic five weeks, Gilbert himself later dismissed this show as \"crude and ineffective,\" but it impressed at least one audience member \u0096 aspiring producer Richard D'Oyly Carte. Four years later, when Carte needed a one-act \"curtain raiser\" to share the bill with his production of Offenbach's La Perichole at London's Opera Comique, he convinced G&S to adapt one of Gilbert's satirical poems. [PAR] Trial By Jury: The Curtain Raiser [PAR] The opening night of Trial By Jury as recreated for The Gilbert and Sullivan Story. [PAR] The resulting thirty five minute musical eclipsed La Perichole and became the talk of London. Trial By Jury (1875 - 131) was a delicious spoof of a breach of promise trial, a now-forgotten procedure where a man could be sued by a woman for withdrawing a proposal of marriage. In the show, the defendant is a roguish playboy, the pretty plaintiff (wearing her wedding dress) flirts shamelessly with the all-male jury, and an amoral judge shamelessly resolves the case by marrying the girl himself. Trial By Jury established several comic themes that would run through most of Gilbert and Sullivan's shows \u0096 [PAR] unqualified men who have oiled their way into high public office [PAR] the course of true love flows in surprising directions [PAR] a flagrant disdain for women over 40 years of age [PAR] Example: Trial's \"Learned Judge\" (originally portrayed by Sullivan's brother Frederic) sings of the questionable tactics that brought him to his exalted position -- [PAR] At Westminster Hall [PAR] In the dusk, [PAR] With a light behind her!\" [PAR] Although both Gilbert and Sullivan looked on operetta as a sideline, they realized it could prove very profitable. So D'Oyly Carte had little if any trouble persuading them to attempt a full-length work. [PAR] The Sorcerer [PAR] George Grossmith, who originated most of the G&S comic \"patter\" roles \u0096 seen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Middle age is when your age starts to show around your ... Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. - Bob Hope - BrainyQuote [PAR] Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Bob Hope [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation[DOC] [TLE] Middle Age Quotes, Quotes about Middle Age, Sayings Middle Age Quotes, Quotes about Middle Age, Sayings [PAR] Topic: Middle Age Quotes - Quotes about Middle Age, Sayings [PAR] Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. [PAR] Bob Hope [PAR] Middle age is when a man keeps turning off the lights for economical rather than romantic reasons. [PAR] Eli Cass [PAR] Middle age is the time when a man is always thinking that in a week or two he will feel as good as ever. [PAR] Don Marquis [PAR] Middle age is when work is a lot less fun, and fun is a lot more work. [PAR] Milton Berle [PAR] Middle age is when you're met so many people that every new person you meet reminds you of someone else. [PAR] Ogden Nash [PAR] Youth is when you're allowed to stay up late on New Year's Eve. Middle age is when you're forced to. [PAR] Harry Hershfield [PAR] Middle age is having a choice between two temptations and choosing the one that'll get you home earlier. [PAR] Dan Bennett [PAR] Middle age is when you still believe you'll feel better in the morning. [PAR] Bob Hope [PAR] Middle age: When you begin to exchange your emotions for symptoms. [PAR] Georges Clemenceau [PAR] The really frightening thing about middle age is that you know you'll grow out of it. [PAR] Doris Day [PAR] One of the many things nobody ever tells you about middle age is that it's such a nice change from being young. [PAR] Dorothy Canfield Fisher [PAR] Middle age is youth without its levity, and age without decay. [PAR] Daniel Defoe [PAR] At middle age the soul should be opening up like a rose, not closing like a cabbage. [PAR] Author Unknown [PAR] Setting a good example to your children takes all the fun out of middle age. [PAR] William Feather [PAR] You can't hide your true colors as you approach the autumn of your life. [PAR] Author Unknown [PAR] Middle age is that awkward period when Father Time starts catching up with Mother Nature. [PAR] Harold Coffin [PAR] Middle age is when, whenever you go on holiday, you pack a sweater. [PAR] Denis Norden [PAR] You know you've reached middle age when a doctor, not a policeman, tells you to slow down, all you exercise are your prerogatives and it takes you longer to rest than to get tired. [PAR] Author Unknown [PAR] Middle age is when your classmates are so grey and wrinkled and bald they don't recognize you. [PAR] Bennett Cerf [PAR] In a man's middle years there is scarcely a part of the body he would hesitate to turn over to the proper authorities. [PAR] E. B. White [PAR] I'm 59 and people call me middle aged. How many 118-year-old men do you know? [PAR] Barry Cryer [PAR] Middle age is when a narrow waist and a broad mind begin to change places. [PAR] E. Joseph Crossman [PAR] Middle age is when you're old enough to know better but still young enough to do it. [PAR] Ogden Nash [PAR] Middle age is when you choose your cereal for the fibre, not the toy. [PAR] Author Unknown [PAR] Middle age is when it takes you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kenneth Tynan - Wikiquote Kenneth Tynan - Wikiquote [PAR] Kenneth Tynan [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] No theater could sanely flourish until there was an umbilical connection between what was happening on the stage and what was happening in the world . [PAR] Kenneth Tynan ( 2 April 1927 \u2013 26 July 1980 ) was a British author most famous for his theatre criticism. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Quotes[ edit ] [PAR] We shall be judged by what we do, not by how we felt while we were doing it. [PAR] How far should one accept the rules of the society in which one lives? To put it another way: at what point does conformity become corruption ? Only by answering such questions does the conscience truly define itself. [PAR] A good many inconveniences attend playgoing in any large city, but the greatest of them is usually the play itself. [PAR] Article in the New York Herald Tribune (17 February 1957) [PAR] I believe in neither a director\u2019s nor a writer\u2019s theatre, but a theatre of intelligent audiences. I count myself as a member of an intelligent audience, and I wrote to you as such. That you should disagree with me I can understand, but that you should resent my expressing my opinions is something that frankly amazes me. I thought we had outgrown the idea of theatre as a mystic rite born of secret communion between author, director, actors and an empty auditorium. [PAR] Letter to George Devine (10 March 1964), printed in Kenneth Tynan : A Life by Dominic Shellard [Yale University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-300-09919-3 ], p. 292 [PAR] I doubt if there are very many rational people in this world to whom the word \"fuck\" is particularly diabolical or revolting or totally forbidden. [PAR] Spoken during a discussion on censorship, broadcast live on the BBC program BBC-3, (13 November 1965) Tynan was the first to say this word on British television, leading to an apology from the BBC and several motions in the House of Commons. [PAR] Any country that has sexual censorship will eventually have political censorship. [PAR] As quoted in \"Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly\" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) [PAR] I hope I never need to believe in God . It would be an awful confession of failure . [PAR] As quoted in \"Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly\" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) [PAR] A critic is a man who knows the way but can't drive the car. [PAR] As quoted in \"Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly\" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) [PAR] No theater could sanely flourish until there was an umbilical connection between what was happening on the stage and what was happening in the world. [PAR] As quoted in \"Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly\" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) [PAR] Not content to have the audience in the palm of his hand, he goes one further and clinches his fist. [PAR] As quoted in \"Kenneth Tynan \u2014 The Critic As Elegant Conversationalist\" by by Robert Cushman in The New York Times (17 August 1980) [PAR] A neurosis is a secret that you don't know you're keeping. [PAR] Quoted in Kathleen Tynan , The Life of Kenneth Tynan (1987), p. 188 [PAR] Tynan Right and Left (1967)[ edit ] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) - YouTube WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) - YouTube [PAR] WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 5, 2007 [PAR] HOT SONG , HOT MOVIE[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson - IMDb Michael Jackson - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Soundtrack | Actor | Producer [PAR] Michael Joseph Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana on August 29, 1958, and entertained audiences nearly his entire life. His father, Joe Jackson , had been a guitarist, but was forced to give up his musical ambitions following his marriage to Katherine Jackson (n\u00e9e Katherine Esther Scruse). Together, they prodded their growing family's musical ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 14 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 40 people [PAR] created 14 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 people [PAR] created 02 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 people [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 37 people [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Michael Jackson's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 2 Primetime Emmys. Another 17 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2016-2017 Goji ni muchu! (TV Series) (performer - 31 episodes) [PAR] - Hirotada Ototake (2017) ... (performer: \"I Want You Back\") [PAR] - Peter & Mieko Hirota (2017) ... (performer: \"I Want You Back\") [PAR] - Peter (2016) ... (performer: \"I Want You Back\") [PAR] - Takafumi Horie (2016) ... (performer: \"I Want You Back\") [PAR] - Tsutomu Iwamoto (2016) ... (performer: \"I Want You Back\") [PAR] - Episode dated 1 July 2013 (2013) ... (music: \"Eat It\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Superstar Duets (TV Series) (writer - 2 episodes) [PAR] - Finale (2016) ... (writer: \"Smooth Criminal\") [PAR] - Do or Die (2016) ... (writer: \"Beat It\") [PAR] Who's Doing the Dishes? (TV Series) (performer - 5 episodes, 2016) (writer - 4 episodes, 2016) [PAR] - Jodie Prenger (2016) ... (performer: \"Bad\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"Bad\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Jay Aston (2016) ... (performer: \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\") / (writer: \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\") [PAR] - Diana Moran (2016) ... (performer: \"Dirty Diana\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"Dirty Diana\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Mark Lester (2016) ... (performer: \"The Way You Make Me Feel\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"The Way You Make Me Feel\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Charlotte Hawkins (2016) ... (performer: \"Ben\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Michael Jackson: Black or White (Video short) (performer: \"Black or White' - uncredited) / (writer: \"Black or White' - uncredited) [PAR] Sounds of the 80s (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) (writer - 1 episode, 2016) [PAR] - Idris Elba/Heidi Klum/Lukas Graham (2016) ... (writer: \"Smooth Criminal\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Justin Timberlake (2014) ... (writer: \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\") [PAR] 2016 Lucha Mexico (Documentary) (performer: \"THRILLER\") [PAR] 2016 Rizzoli & Isles (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Cops vs. Zombies (2016) ... (performer: \"Thriller\") [PAR] 2016 The Voice (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] - The Superbattles (2016) ... (writer: \"Billie Jean\", \"They Don't Care About"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy ... BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy Faith - YouTube [PAR] BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy Faith [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 12, 2014 [PAR] \"Theme from A Summer Place\" is a song with lyrics by Mack Discant and music by Max Steiner, written for the 1959 film A Summer Place, which starred Sandra Dee and Troy Donahue. It was recorded for the film by Hugo Winterhalter. Originally known as the \"Molly and Johnny Theme\", the piece is not the main title theme of the film, but a love theme for the characters played by Dee and Donahue. [PAR] Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the tune in the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City, which spent an at-the-time record of nine consecutive weeks at #1 on the still-young Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in early 1960. It remains the longest-running #1 instrumental in the history of the chart. Billboard ranked Faith's version as the No. 1 song for 1960.[3] It reached #2 in the UK. It hit #1 in Italy under the title \"Scandalo Al Sole\". [PAR] Faith won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1961 for his recording. This was the first movie theme and the first instrumental to win a Record of the Year Grammy. [PAR] Faith re-recorded the song twice \u2013 first, in 1969, as a female choral version, then, in 1976, as a disco version titled \"Summer Place '76\". [PAR] In 2008, Faith's original version was ranked at #18 on Billboard's top 100 songs during the first 50 years of the Hot 100 chart. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version) - YouTube Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version) - YouTube [PAR] Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Apr 22, 2010 [PAR] Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the tune, which spent an at-the-time record of nine consecutive weeks at number one on the still-young Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in early 1960[ [PAR] It remains the longest-running number-one instrumental in the history of the chart. It reached number two in the UK. It hit number one in Italy under the title \"Scandalo Al Sole\". [PAR] Faith won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1961 for his recording. This was the first movie theme and the first instrumental to win a Record of the Year Grammy. [PAR] Faith re-recorded the song twice first, in 1969, as a female choral version, then, in 1976, as a disco version titled \"Summer Place 76\". [PAR] In 2008, Faith's original version was ranked at number eighteen on Billboard's top 100 songs during the first fifty years of the Hot 100 chart. [PAR] NOTE: I do not own this material, all songs belong to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Platoon - Awards - IMDb Platoon - Awards - IMDb [PAR] Oliver Stone [PAR] Stone was nominated twice in the category and won an equal number of votes for both films. Tied ... More [PAR] Stone was nominated twice in the category and won an equal number of votes for both films. Tied with Oliver Stone for Salvador (1986). [PAR] National Society of Film Critics Awards, USA 1987 [PAR] 3rd place[DOC] [TLE] 1986 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1986 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] A Room With a View (1985, UK) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] PAUL NEWMAN in \"The Color of Money\", Dexter Gordon in \"'Round Midnight\", Bob Hoskins in \"Mona Lisa\", William Hurt in \"Children of a Lesser God\", James Woods in \"Salvador\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] MARLEE MATLIN in \"Children of a Lesser God\", Jane Fonda in \"The Morning After\", Sissy Spacek in \"Crimes of the Heart\", Kathleen Turner in \"Peggy Sue Got Married\", Sigourney Weaver in \"Aliens\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] MICHAEL CAINE in \"Hannah and Her Sisters\", Tom Berenger in \"Platoon\", Willem Dafoe in \"Platoon\", Denholm Elliott in \"A Room with a View\", Dennis Hopper in \"Hoosiers\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] DIANNE WIEST in \"Hannah and Her Sisters\", Tess Harper in \"Crimes of the Heart\", Piper Laurie in \"Children of a Lesser God\", Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio in \"The Color of Money\", Maggie Smith in \"A Room with a View\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] OLIVER STONE for \"Platoon\", Woody Allen for \"Hannah and Her Sisters\", James Ivory for \"A Room with a View\", Roland Joffe for \"The Mission\", David Lynch for \"Blue Velvet\" [PAR] All five of the Best Picture nominees were made outside of the established Hollywood system - and all five of the nominees shared in the top prizes (12) this year. [PAR] The Best Picture winner in 1986 was controversial writer/director Oliver Stone's brutally-candid ant-war epic Platoon (with eight nominations and four wins - Best Picture, Best Director, Best Sound, and Best Film Editing), an authentic re-creation of the infantry foot-soldier Vietnam experience, and one of the best but grittiest films made on the subject. The film was backed by the independent Hemdale Film Corporation. [It was Stone's second career Oscar - he won earlier for his screenplay for Midnight Express (1978).] [PAR] The harrowing film, from a grunt's point-of-view, was based on director Stone's own tour of duty in Vietnam, and focused on the conflict and struggle between two major father figures: an 'evil' Sergeant (Berenger) and a 'good' Sergeant (Dafoe), over the soul of an innocent, young recruit (Sheen). [PAR] The other four Best Picture nominees provided strong competition: [PAR] director James Ivory's Merchant-Ivory production of the British film A Room with a View (with eight nominations and three wins - Best Screenplay, Best Art/Set Direction, and Best Costume Design), a romance set in 1908 Edwardian England that explores the consequences of a trip to Florence, Italy by a curious upper middle-class young British woman and her aunt - a spinster chaperone [PAR] writer/director Woody Allen's complex film of a two-year examination of a multi-charactered family told through three interlaced stories of three sisters in Hannah and Her Sisters (with seven nominations and three wins, including Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Original Screenplay) - it was the highest-grossing Allen film to date [PAR] female director Randa Raines' Children of a Lesser God (with five nominations and one win - Best Actress) - the poignant film adaptation of Mark Medoff's Tony Award-winning play about a growing romance between a speech teacher (for the hearing impaired) and a young"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helen Hayes - Biography - IMDb Helen Hayes - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Helen Hayes [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (27) | Personal Quotes (11) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] First Lady of the American Theater [PAR] Height [PAR] 5' (1.52 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Known as \"The First lady of the American Theater\", Helen Hayes had a legendary career on stage and in films and television that spanned over eighty years. Hayes was born in Washington, D.C., to Catherine Estelle \"Essie\" Hayes, an actress who worked in touring companies, and Francis van Arnum Brown, a clerk and salesman. Her maternal grandparents were Irish. A child actress in the first decade of the 20th century, by the time she turned twenty in 1920 she was well on her way to a landmark career on the American stage, becoming perhaps the greatest female star of the theatre during the 1930s and 1940s. She made a handful of scattered films during the silent era and in 1931 was signed to MGM with great fanfare to begin a career starring in films. Her first three films, 'Arrowsmith', 'The Sin of Madelon Claudet', and 'A Farewell to Arms (1932)', were great hits and she would win the 1932 Oscar for Best Actress for her work in Madelon Claudet. Alas, her lack of screen glamour worked against her becoming a box office star during the golden era of Hollywood, and her subsequent films were often not well received by critics. Within four years she had abandoned the screen and returned to the stage for the greatest success of her career, \"Victoria Regina\", which ran for three years starting in 1935. Helen Hayes returned to motion pictures with a few featured roles in 1950s films and frequently appeared on television. In 1970, she made a screen comeback in 'Airport' (1970), a role originally offered to Claudette Colbert , who declined it, earning Hayes her second Oscar, this time for Best Supporting Actress. Helen Hayes retired from the stage in 1971 but enjoyed enormous fame and popularity over the next fifteen years with many roles in motion pictures and television productions, retiring in 1985 after starring in the TV film 'Murder With Mirrors'. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: HarlowMGM [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 17 August 1928 - 21 April 1956) (his death) (2 children) [PAR] Trivia (27) [PAR] Lived for many years in an historic house in Nyack, New York called \"Pretty Penny.\" Located at 235 North Broadway, she regularly offered tours of her well maintained gardens to the local garden clubs. The house was purchased by television personality and actress Rosie O'Donnell , a few years after her death, from her surviving son, actor James MacArthur . [PAR] Received the Women's International Center (WIC) Living Legacy Award in 1985. [PAR] Pre-eminent US stage actress. She was regarded as the First Lady of the American Theater. [PAR] Interred at Oak Hill Cemetery, Nyack, New York, USA. [PAR] Mother of stage actress Mary MacArthur, who died in 1949 at the age of nineteen, and adoptive mother of actor James MacArthur . [PAR] Charter member of the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1973. [PAR] She had a career than spanned over 80 years beginning as a child actress at age 5. [PAR] The lights of Broadway were dimmed for one minute at 8:00 p.m. on the day she died. [PAR] She made frequent trips to hospitals because of asthma attacks aggravated by backstage dust. When asthma ended her theatrical career, Hayes wrote books and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PoundPosters.com: The Lady from Shanghai 35.5cm x 28cm ... PoundPosters.com: The Lady from Shanghai 35.5cm x 28cm Mini Print for Only \u00a31 - Buy now! [PAR] Trustpilot [PAR] Film Print: Directed by the iconic Orson Wells, 'The Lady from Shanghai' starred Rita Hayworth as Elsa 'Rosalie' Bannister and was a classic film from the 1940's and 50's film era. This stunning mini print shows an illustrated depiction of Heyworth as she stands seductively in a black dress with her back on show. With the quote \"I told you...you know nothing about wickedness\", this gorgeous mini print is sure to make an eye catching addition to your home. [PAR] Related Categories[DOC] [TLE] The Lady from Shanghai (1947) - IMDb The Lady from Shanghai (1947) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Lady from Shanghai ( 1947 ) [PAR] Not Rated | [PAR] Fascinated by gorgeous Mrs. Bannister, seaman Michael O'Hara joins a bizarre yachting cruise, and ends up mired in a complex murder plot. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Sherwood King (story based on a novel by), Orson Welles (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 02 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 07 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 19 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: The Lady from Shanghai (1947) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A small-time gambler hired to work in a Buenos Aires casino learns that his ex-lover is married to his employer. [PAR] Director: Charles Vidor [PAR] An investigator from the War Crimes Commission travels to Connecticut to find an infamous Nazi. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] Directors: Orson Welles, Fred Fleck, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Tim Holt, Joseph Cotten, Dolores Costello [PAR] Tough cop Dave Bannion takes on a politically powerful crime syndicate. [PAR] Director: Fritz Lang [PAR] An American adventurer investigates the past of mysterious tycoon Arkadin...placing himself in grave danger. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] Hit men kill an unresisting victim, and investigator Reardon uncovers his past involvement with beautiful, deadly Kitty Collins. [PAR] Director: Robert Siodmak [PAR] A private eye escapes his past to run a gas station in a small town, but his past catches up with him. Now he must return to the big city world of danger, corruption, double crosses and duplicitous dames. [PAR] Director: Jacques Tourneur [PAR] A stark, perverse story of murder, kidnapping, and police corruption in a Mexican border town. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] A major heist goes off as planned, until bad luck and double crosses cause everything to unravel. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A potentially violent screenwriter is a murder suspect until his lovely neighbor clears him. But she begins to have doubts... [PAR] Director: Nicholas Ray [PAR] The Moorish general Othello is manipulated into thinking that his new wife Desdemona has been carrying on an affair with his lieutenant Michael Cassio when in reality it is all part of the scheme of a bitter ensign named Iago."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia Seinfeld | WikiSein | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Overview [PAR] The show has been famously described as \"the show about nothing\" (a self-referential phrase from an episode describing Jerry and George's attempt to create a sitcom idea), as most of the comedy was based around the largely inconsequential minutiae of every-day life, and often involved petty rivalries and elaborate schemes to gain the smallest advantage over other individuals. Seinfeld himself notes that his original premise \u2014 and the purpose for the standup excerpts that bookended each show \u2014 was that the show would be about how a comedian gathers material for his act. The characters have also been described as utterly selfish and amoral; the show stood out by depicting these traits in a comedic fashion. However, it should be noted that a common motif concerns characters' attempts to do nice things for people, only to have them backfire exponentially. In contrast to many other sitcoms, the allowing of scenes to lapse into sentimentality was generally avoided, and Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David's dictum of \"no hugging, no learning\" gave the show its distinctively cold and cynical tone. However, themes of illogical social graces and customs, neurotic and obsessive behavior, and the mysterious workings of relationships ran in numerous episodes, making it possible to categorize the show as a comedy of manners. The show's creators made a conscious effort to reflect the activities of real people, rather than the idealized escapist characters often seen on television, although many of the show's plots involve intricate, and often cyclical strings of events that converge in the end to form a grand irony. [PAR] Previous shows on television were almost always family or co-worker driven, but Seinfeld holds itself up as being a then-rare example of a sitcom wherein none of the characters were related by blood or employed in the same building or business. In fact, many characters were not employed at all. According to Bruce Fretts' 1993 The \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"Seinfeld\" Companion, Seinfeld\u2019s audience was, \"TV-literate, demographically desirable urbanites, for the most part-who look forward to each weekly episode in the Life of Jerry with a baby-boomer generation's self-involved eagerness.\" Likewise, in episodes adhering to the original concept, the show featured clips of Seinfeld himself delivering a standup routine at the beginning and end of each episode, the theme of which relates to the events depicted in the plot. By this device the distinction between the actor Jerry Seinfeld and the character who is portrayed by him is deliberately blurred. In later seasons, these standup clips became less frequent. All of the main characters were modeled after Seinfeld's or Larry David's real-life acquaintances. In fact, many of the plot devices are based on real-life counterparts - such as the Soup Nazi (based on Al Yeganeh) and J. Peterman of the J. Peterman Catalog . [PAR] Another violation of the fiction convention of isolating characters from the actors playing them, and separating the characters' world from the actors' and audience's world, was a story arc that concerned the characters' roles in promoting a television sitcom series named Jerry. Jerry was much like Seinfeld in that Seinfeld played himself, and that the show was \"about nothing\". Jerry was launched in the 1993 season finale of Seinfeld, in an episode titled \"The Pilot\". This story arc, along with other examples of self-reference, have led many critics to point out the postmodern nature of the show. According to Katherine Gantz, this entanglement of character and actor relationships \"seems to be a part of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ... British Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its imperial origins | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] The \u2018world\u2019s favourite airline,\u2019 which once caused a storm by dropping the Union Flag from its tailfins, has harked back to its Imperial past in a re-launch that is part of a \u00a35billion investment programme. [PAR] After a crippling 18 months of cabin crew strikes and the fall-out from terror attacks in 2001, British Airways says it is now ready to put a turbulent decade behind it and look to the future by starting \u2018a new chapter\u2019 . [PAR] But it has also unashamedly gone back 90 years to its origins and early days as Imperial Airways \u2013 covering the four corners of the British Empire - to celebrate its \u2018Britishness\u2019 across the globe. [PAR] Out with the old: BA's new slogan To Fly. To Serve will replace it's former motto 'The World's Favourite Airline' [PAR] BA will launch a new 90-second TV \u2018brand\u2019 campaign on Wednesday \u2013 its first in ten years \u2013 with a cinematic TV and internet advert that celebrates its origins from 1919 through to the present day. [PAR] Ten serving cabin crew members appear in the advert, though neither they nor BA would say whether they worked or walked out during the recent dispute. [PAR] The mini-film begins amidst flimsy-looking bi-planes and shades of \u2018Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines,' before moving on to the pre-WWII days, when passengers could fly from Croydon with Imperial Airways to far flung parts of an Empire on which the sun never set. [PAR] Nostalgic: BA's re-launch mini film will delight with its potted history of air travel that celebrates the firm's origins from 1919 to the present day. Here a De Haviland 51 bi-plane gets checked over [PAR] History: A still from the advert sees the pilot of a silver De Haviland Dragon DH89 as used by Imperial Airways from Croydon to the four corners of the British Empire [PAR] Moving on: The ad also features a Douglas DC-3 Dakota from 1949-50 flown by British European Airways (BEA) from Northolt [PAR] It then winds through the decades of jet travel to Concorde and the present day. [PAR] The campaign coincides with a five-year plan to invest \u00a35billion on new aircraft, including the giant Airbus A380 superjumbo, new interiors and new services. [PAR] BA's former motto of \u2018the world\u2019s favourite airline\u2019 will be replaced with the company's coat of arms and the words: \u2018To fly, to serve.\u2019 [PAR] Also appearing: A Vickers VC10 Flying for forerunner British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in the 1960s from Heathrow [PAR] On the tarmac: 1960s pilots make their way to the Vickers VC10s during the 'Aviators' advert [PAR] Retired giant: The ad will also feature Concorde, which made its last flight in 2003 before being retired [PAR] Modern: A British Airways 747 Jumbo Jet will also feature [PAR] From bi-planes to whipped cream, Maggie's hankerchief and a merger: BA's 92-year history explained [PAR] August 25, 1919: BA\u2019s forerunner company, Aircraft Transport and Travel Limited (AT&T) launches first daily international air service between London and Paris, operating a single-engined de Havilland DH4A bi-plane from Hounslow Heath near current Heathrow. [PAR] It carried a single passenger and cargo including newspapers, Devonshire cream and grouse on two-and-a half-hour cross-Channel journey to Le Bourget. [PAR] 1924: Four fledgling airlines, including Daimler Airways (a successor to AT&T) merge to form Imperial Airways Limited operating from the new London airport at Croydon to all corners"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anne Frank - World War II - HISTORY.com Anne Frank - World War II - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Anne Frank\u2019s Childhood [PAR] Anne Frank was born Anneliese Marie Frank in Frankfurt, Germany, on June 12, 1929, to Edith Hollander Frank (1900-45) and Otto Frank (1889-1980), a prosperous businessman. Less than four years later, in January 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany and he and his Nazi government instituted a series of measures aimed at persecuting Germany\u2019s Jewish citizens. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1960, the building at Prinsengracht 263, home to the Secret Annex, opened to the public as a museum devoted to the life of Anne Frank. Her original diary is on display there. [PAR] By the fall of 1933, Otto Frank moved to Amsterdam, where he established a small but successful company that produced a gelling substance used to make jam. After staying behind in Germany with her grandmother in the city of Aachen, Anne joined her parents and sister Margot (1926-45) in the Dutch capital in February 1934. In 1935, Anne started school in Amsterdam and earned a reputation as an energetic, popular girl. [PAR] In May 1940, the Germans, who had entered World War II in September of the previous year, invaded the Netherlands and quickly made life increasingly restrictive and dangerous for Jewish people there. Between the summer of 1942 and September 1944, the Nazis and their Dutch collaborators deported more than 100,000 Jews in Holland to extermination camps. [PAR] Anne Frank\u2019s Family Goes into Hiding [PAR] In early July 1942, after Margot Frank received a letter ordering her to report to a work camp in Germany, Anne Frank\u2019s family went into hiding in an attic apartment behind Otto Frank\u2019s business, located at Prinsengracht 263 in Amsterdam. In an effort to avoid detection, the family left a false trail suggesting they\u2019d fled to Switzerland. [PAR] A week after they had gone into hiding, the Franks were joined by Otto\u2019s business associate Hermann van Pels (1898-1944), along with his wife Auguste (1900-45) and their son Peter (1926-45), who were also Jewish. A small group of Otto Frank\u2019s employees, including his Austrian-born secretary, Miep Gies (1909-2010), risked their own lives to smuggle food, supplies and news of the outside world into the secret apartment, whose entrance was situated behind a movable bookcase. In November 1942, the Franks and Van Pels were joined by Fritz Pfeffer (1889-1944), Miep Gies\u2019 Jewish dentist. [PAR] Life for the eight people in the small apartment, which Anne Frank referred to as the Secret Annex, was tense. The group lived in constant fear of being discovered and could never go outside. They had to remain quiet during daytime in order to avoid detection by the people working in the warehouse below. Anne passed the time, in part, by chronicling her observations and feelings in a diary she had received for her 13th birthday, a month before her family went into hiding. [PAR] Addressing her diary entries to an imaginary friend she called Kitty, Anne Frank wrote about life in hiding, including her impressions of the other inhabitants of the Secret Annex, her feelings of loneliness and her frustration over the lack of privacy. While she detailed typical teenage issues such as crushes on boys, arguments with her mother and resentments toward her sister, Frank also displayed keen insight and maturity when she wrote about the war, humanity and her own identity. She also penned short stories and essays during her time in hiding. [PAR] The Franks are Captured by the Nazis [PAR] On August 4, 1944, after 25"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jokes Noop \u00bb Doctors Jokes Noop \u00bb Doctors [PAR] Jokes Noop [PAR] Hippocrates (B.C. 460-370) Greek Physician and \u201cFather of Medicine\u201d [PAR] AphorismsNatural forces within us are the true healers of disease. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Galen (129-199? A.D) Greek Physician [PAR] The physician is Nature\u2019s assistant. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Aristotle Aristotle (B.C. 384-322) Greek Philosopher [PAR] The physician heals, Nature makes well. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Voltaire (1694-1778) (Francois Marie Arouet) French Historian & Writer [PAR] The art of medicine consists of amusing the patient whilenature cures the disease. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) American Statesman, Scientist and Philosopher [PAR] God heals, and the doctor takes the fee. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] William Broome (1689-1745)English Scholar and Poet [PAR] A doctor is a man who writes prescriptions till the patienteither dies or is cured by nature. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Petronius Arbiter (d. 66 A.D.)Roman Writer [PAR] Satyricon XLIIA doctor is nothing more than a mental consolation. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Gilles Menage (1613-1692) age (1613-1692) French Scholar, Lawyer and Cleric Menagiana [PAR] Medicine may be defined as the art or the science of keeping a patient quiet with frivolous reasons for his illness and amusing him with remedies good or bad until nature kills him or cures him. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Paracelsus (1493-1541) (T. Bombastus Von Hohenheim) Swiss Philosopher [PAR] Die grosse WundarzneiMedicine is not only a science; it is also an art.It does not consist of compounding pills and plasters; it deals with the very processes of life, which must be understood beforethey may be guided. [PAR] OPPOSITES [PAR] Walt Whitman (1819-1892)American Poet and Writer [PAR] I love doctors and hate their medicine. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] SPublilius Syrus (fl. B.C. 42) Syrian Born \u2013 Roman Writer of Aphorisms [PAR] There are some remedies worse than the disease. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Francis Quarles (1592-1644) English Poet [PAR] Hieroglyphics of the Life of ManPhysicians, of all men, are most happy:whatever good success they have, the world proclaimeth and what faults they commit, the earth covereth. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Hippocrates (B.C. 460-370) Greek Physician and \u201cFather of Medicine\u201d [PAR] Physicians are many in title but very few in reality. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Nicholas de Belleville (1753-1831) [PAR] If you have a lawsuit, and you get one bad lawyer, you lose your suit, but you can appeal;but if you have one bad doctor, and he kills you,then there can be no appeal. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Jerome Tarshis Quoted in:Barnes & Noble Book of Quotations [PAR] The history of medicine is a story of amazing foolishnessand amazing intelligence. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Ernest L. Wynder Quoted in:The Wit and Wisdom of the 20th Century [PAR] It should be the function of medicine to have people die young as late as possible. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Anonymous [PAR] A doctor is the only man who can suffer from good health. OPPOSITES Finley Peter Dunne (1867-1936)American Humorist and Journalist [PAR] Mister Dooley SaysI wondher why ye can always read a doctor\u2019s bill an\u2019 yeniver can read his purscription. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Sir Humphrey D. Rolleston: The Wit of Medicine [PAR] Medicine is a noble profession but a damn bad business. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Medicine is a science, acquiring a practice an art. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Samuel N. Behrman (1893-1973) American Playwright [PAR] Psychoanalysis makes quite simple people feel they\u2019re complex. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Karl Kraus (1874-1936)Austrian Satirist, Critic and Poet [PAR] Psychoanalysis is that mental illness for which it regards itself a therapy. [PAR] \u2014- [PAR] Shannon Fife Quoted ineter\u2019s Quotations, Ideas for Our Time [PAR] Psychiatry is the art of teaching people how to stand on their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paris Peace Accords signed - Jan 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com Paris Peace Accords signed - Jan 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Paris Peace Accords signed [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The United States, South Vietnam, Viet Cong, and North Vietnam formally sign \u201cAn Agreement Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam\u201d in Paris. Due to South Vietnam\u2019s unwillingness to recognize the Viet Cong\u2019s Provisional Revolutionary Government, all references to it were confined to a two-party version of the document signed by North Vietnam and the United States\u2014the South Vietnamese were presented with a separate document that did not make reference to the Viet Cong government. This was part of Saigon\u2019s long-time refusal to recognize the Viet Cong as a legitimate participant in the discussions to end the war. [PAR] The settlement included a cease-fire throughout Vietnam. It addition, the United States agreed to the withdrawal of all U.S. troops and advisors (totalling about 23,700) and the dismantling of all U.S. bases within 60 days. In return, the North Vietnamese agreed to release all U.S. and other prisoners of war. [PAR] Both sides agreed to the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Laos and Cambodia and the prohibition of bases in and troop movements through these countries. It was agreed that the DMZ at the 17th Parallel would remain a provisional dividing line, with eventual reunification of the country \u201cthrough peaceful means.\u201d An international control commission would be established made up of Canadians, Hungarians, Poles, and Indonesians, with 1,160 inspectors to supervise the agreement. According to the agreement, South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu would continue in office pending elections. Agreeing to \u201cthe South Vietnamese People\u2019s right to self-determination,\u201d the North Vietnamese said they would not initiate military movement across the DMZ and that there would be no use of force to reunify the country. [PAR] Footnote: The last U.S. serviceman to die in combat in Vietnam, Lt. Col. William B. Nolde, was killed by an artillery shell at An Loc, 60 miles northwest of Saigon, only 11 hours before the truce went into effect. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ... Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, signed in Paris and entered into force January 17, 1973. [PAR] Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, signed in Paris and entered into force January 17, 1973. [PAR] (Text from TIAS 7542 (24 UST 4-23) [PAR] AGREEMENT ON ENDING THE WAR AND RESTORING PEACE IN VIET-NAM [PAR] The Parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam, [PAR] With a view to ending the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam on the basis of respect for the Vietnamese people's fundamental national rights and the South Vietnamese people's right to self-determination, and to contributing to the consolidation of peace in Asia and the world, [PAR] Have agreed on the following provisions and undertake to respect and to implement them: [PAR] Chapter I [PAR] THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE'S FUNDAMENTAL NATIONAL RIGHTS [PAR] Article 1 [PAR] The United States and all other countries respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of Viet-Nam as recognized by the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Viet-Nam. [PAR] Chapter II [PAR] CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES - WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS, [PAR] Article 2 [PAR] A cease-fire shall be observed throughout South Viet-Nam as of 2400 hours G.M.T. [Greenwich Mean Time], on January 27, 1973. [PAR] At the same hour, the United States will stop all its military activities against the territory of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam by ground, air and naval forces, wherever they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silicon Valley History & Future Silicon Valley History & Future [PAR] Source: \"Education and Tech Entrepreneurship\" by Vivek Wadhwa, Richard Freeman, Ben Rissing. [PAR] Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2008 [PAR] About 60 years ago, Stanford University had some financial problems. The authorities of university tried to resolve these problems by leasing part of the university land to high-tech companies for 99 years. [PAR] Carolyn Tajnai clarified this point of Stanford's history in more detail: [PAR] ' In the 1950's, the idea of building an industrial park arose. The university had plenty of land over 8,000 acres....but money was needed to finance the University's rapid postwar growth. The original bequest of his farm by Leland Stanford prohibited the sale of this land, but there was nothing to prevent its being leased. It turned out that long-term leases were just as attractive to industry as out right ownership; thus, the Stanford Industrial Park was founded. The goal was to create a center of high technology close to a cooperative university. It was a stroke of genius , and Terman, calling it ``our secret weapon,'' quickly suggested that leases be limited to high technology companies that might be benspanananficial to Stanford. In 1951 Varian Associates signed a lease, and in 1953 the company moved into the first building in the park. Eastman Kodak, General Electric, Preformed Line Products, Admiral Corporation, Shockley Transistor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Lockheed, Hewlett-Packard, and others followed soon after.' Fred Terman, The father of Silicon Valley by Carolyn Tajnai, 1995 [PAR] According to Varian Associates it was a simple decision: [PAR] 'Gradually, facilities were moved from leased quarters in San Carlos to a quiet corner of Stanford land, thus creating what is today the Company's headquarters site, and incidentally bringingi nto being the Stanford Industrial Park - the most successful complex of its kind in the world.' Source: Varian Associates: An Early History [PAR] [PAR] The First building of Silicon Valley [PAR] First Varian Associates building, Stanford Industrial Park, Palo Alto, California, 1953. Source: 'Russell and Sigurd Varian - The Inventor and The Pilot', by Dorothy Varian. Palo Alto, 1983, p.258. [PAR] The picture is reproduced here with Varian Associates permission since 1995. [PAR] Is it a reasonable doubt or ... just invitation to the further discussion? [PAR] Among the different organizations that were instrumental in the process of creating Silicon Valley the significant role was the Stanford Research Institute (SRI): [PAR] After World War II, a great industrial push was under way to reinvigorate the economy. Founded by a small group of business executives in conjunction with Stanford University, Stanford Research Institute (our founding name) was created in 1946 as a West Coast center of innovation to support economic development in the region. The world's first digital computer (ENIAC, weighing in at 30 tons) was introduced, and in what is now known as Silicon Valley a three-bedroom home sold for $10,000. Source: SRI Timeline [PAR] . [PAR] Perhaps it was just one of the reasons why at least some of SRI people appeared to be very skeptical about the above photo of Silicon Valley's building #1. Alice Resnick Senior Director, Corporate and Marketing Communications SRI International wrote to us concerning this subject [PAR] 31 Jan 2002 14:41:03 -0800: [PAR] For example, SRI had a building in Menlo Park (one that we still occupy) in 1947, several years before what you call the 'The First building of Silicon Valley: First Varian Associates building, Stanford Industrial Park, Palo Alto, California, 1953' on your web page at http://netvalley.com/. [PAR] In 1995 William Hewlett decided to described in more details"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online St-Petersburg: 20th Century [PAR] St-Petersburg: 20th Century [PAR] June 24th, 2010 | Author: admin [PAR] Emperor Alexander III, the \u201cPacifier\u201d, a mighty man of enviable health, died on 20 October 1894 from a kidney disease at the age of 49. The heir, Tsesarvich Nicholas, a man of average abilities, was not ready to take control of the huge country. Infantile, timid and shy at 26, when he had to inherit the throne, Nicholas was completely lost, and moreover, the political situation was rather difficult indeed when he succeeded the crown. On 14 November 1894 he urgently married Princess Alice of Hesse-Darmstadt, who took the name of Alexandra Fiodorovna after accepting the Orthodox faith. The luxurious and majestic wedding in the church of the Winter Palace was not accompanied by any especial merry-making and their honeymoon passed against the background of funeral visits. The reign of the last Russian Emperor began in a tragic atmosphere \u2013 during the coronation of Nicholas II many people were crushed by the jostling crowd. But except for the Khodynka tragedy, the course of life in Russia was still rather steady and quiet in the first years of his reign. [PAR] Ilya Repin. The Marriage of Nicolas II and Grend Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna in the Winter Palase. 1894 [PAR] Meanwhile serious changes were ripening. From the second half of the nineteenth century Russia was rapidly catching up with Europe \u0432 its industry had an accelerated development. At the turn of the centuries St Petersburg turned into an immense industrial centre. Changes in everyday life were unusually swift: many aristocrats replaced horse-drawn vehicles by cars; telephones, electricity, water supply lines and other modern conveniences were introduced. Modern trends in the design of clothes, hair-styles and a mode of conduct were changing as short-lived fancies. A new type of businessmen \u2013 bankers and entrepreneurs who owned large fortunes \u2013 have emerged. It was in this period that the last grand style, Art Nouveau, rapidly broke into the city\u2019s architectural silhouette. New buildings at the Petrograd Side and Vasilyevsky Island were so unusual in design that they seemed to implement the early Romanticists\u2019 dream of changing the world by means of beauty. Not only dwelling houses were then designed in the \u201cNorthern Art Nouveau\u201d style \u2013 sometimes combined with Neo-Classicism \u2013 many banks and shops reminiscent of palaces by their richly decorated facades were also erected. The 1910s saw a rise, within this new stylistic movement, of a more experimental trend, Constructivism, that became especially widespread in industrial architecture. [PAR] A short period dominated by the Art Nouveau style \u2013 merely some three decades \u2013 was a crucial era in the history of St Petersburg and entire Russia. That was a contradictory time marked by an upsurge of creative activities of the Russian intelligentsia and a presentiment of an imminent catastrophe. The turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century coincided with a decline of old thinking and it was the northern capital that became the focus of intense spiritual quests and the main arena of the so-called Silver Age of Russian culture. The creative destinies of artists, actors, poets and musicians were interwoven no less whimsically than the lines of Art Nouveau itself. The atmosphere of the capital was permeated with mysticism and poetry. Disputes, lectures and editorial tea-drinking parties where writers and poets could meet with their readers were then popular; various ideas connected with the most profound and vital problems of the age were put forward. [PAR] Nathan Altman. Portrait of Anna Akhmatova, 1914. Russian Museum [PAR] The uncrowned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London travel guide - Wikitravel London travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] The Tower of London [PAR] \"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford\" [PAR] \u2014 Samuel Johnson [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] London has existed in various incarnations for two millennia. The city has been the principal seat of British royal dynasties and of English (later British) governments throughout its history and has survived through fire, invasion and plague. [PAR] Evidence has been unearthed of Bronze and Iron Age settlement on the present day site of London, though it is unlikely a city existed here before the Roman conquest of Britannia in 43 AD. Londinium, the precursor to the modern city of London, was established in 50 AD. Ten years later it was conquered and destroyed by the Celtic Iceni tribe, led by their queen, Boudica. Soon rebuilt, by the 2nd century AD Londinium was the capital of Roman Britain and its largest city. Around 200 AD, the London Wall was erected to defend the city. The wall stretched for two miles around the ancient City, from Tower Hill in the East to Blackfriars Station in the West. Isolated Roman period remains and traces of the wall are still to be seen within the City of London (now known as the Square Mile). [PAR] After the end of Roman rule in 410, London experienced a gradual revival under the Anglo-Saxons. A coalition of Angles, Saxons and Jutes from Northern Europe , the Anglo-Saxons ruled in Britain for 500 years until the Norman invasion of 1066. The early Anglo-Saxon trading settlement of Lundenwic was established a mile away from Londinium. London\u2019s British Museum houses the largest collection of Anglo-Saxon artifacts in the world. [PAR] From the late 8th century, Viking raids were common in Britain. In 871 London was seized by the Danish Norsemen, until it was reclaimed for Britain by King Alfred the Great of Wessex in 886. In 1016 the Danish king Cnut gained control of London and all of England. Westminster Abbey was completed in 1065 during the reign of his stepson Edward the Confessor. Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, the paramount political status of London was confirmed when William the Conqueror was crowned King of England in Westminster. The Normans built fortifications throughout Britain and the Tower of London in particular confirmed their dominance over the existing population. [PAR] After the Norman Conquest London emerged as a great trading city and with the rise of England to first European then global prominence, London became a great centre of culture, government and industry. During the 12th and 13th centuries it gradually replaced Winchester as the royal capital of England . [PAR] There have been several plagues in London, notably The Black Death (1348 \u2013 1350) and the Great Plague (1664 \u2013 1666). The plague was followed by the Great Fire of London in 1666 after which the city was largely rebuilt. Georgian London (1714 \u2013 1830) saw the erection of fine Georgian architecture, particularly housing (for example, 10 Downing Street) as the population greatly increased. [PAR] London's long association with the theatre flourished during the English Renaissance (late 15th to early 17th C). From 1576 indoor and outdoor theatres began to appear in London. The Rose Theatre was built in 1587 in the reign of Elizabeth 1st and was the first purpose-built theatre to stage the plays of Shakespeare. The most famous outdoor theatre was the Globe, built in 1599 by The Lord Chamberlain\u2019s Men. William"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Germany - European Union website, the official EU website ... EUROPA - Germany | European Union website, the official EU website [PAR] European Union website, the official EU website [PAR] Germany [PAR] Overview: [PAR] With a landmass that stretches from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea in the north to the Alps in the south, Germany has the largest population of any EU country. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France and Luxembourg to the southwest, and Belgium and the Netherlands to the northwest. [PAR] The most important sectors of Germany\u2019s economy in 2015 were industry (25.9 %), public administration, defence, education, human health and social work activities (18.2 %) and wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation and food service activities (15.8 %). [PAR] Germany\u2019s main export partners are France, the US and the UK while its main import partners are the Netherlands, France and China. [PAR] Capital: [PAR] Population as % of total EU: [PAR] 16 % (2015) [PAR] Seats in the European Parliament: [PAR] 96 [PAR] Euro. Member of the eurozone since 1 January 1999 [PAR] Schengen area member?: [PAR] Yes, Schengen Area member since 26 March 1995. [PAR] Presidency of the Council: [PAR] Germany has held the revolving presidency of the Council of the EU 11 times between 1958 and 2007. The next time will be in 2020. [PAR] Read more: [PAR] Germany in the EU [PAR] European Parliament [PAR] European Parliament office in Germany [PAR] Council of the EU [PAR] In the Council of the EU , national ministers meet regularly to adopt EU laws and coordinate policies. Council meetings are regularly attended by representatives from the German government, depending on the policy area being addressed. [PAR] Presidency of the Council of the EU [PAR] The Council of the EU doesn't have a permanent, single-person president (like e.g. the Commission or Parliament). Instead, its work is led by the country holding the Council presidency, which rotates every 6 months. [PAR] During these 6 months, ministers from that country's government chair and help determine the agenda of Council meetings in each policy area, and facilitate dialogue with the other EU institutions. [PAR] Dates of German presidencies: [PAR] Jul-Dec 1958 | Jul-Dec 1961 | Jul-Dec 1964 | Jul-Dec 1967 | Jul-Dec 1970 | Jan-Jun 1974 | Jul-Dec 1978 | Jan-Jun 1983 | Jan-Jun 1988 | Jul-Dec 1994 | Jan-Jun 2007 | July-Dec 2020 [PAR] More on the current presidency of the Council of the EU . [PAR] European Commission [PAR] The Commissioner nominated by Germany to the European Commission is G\u00fcnther Oettinger , who is responsible for Budget and Human Resources. [PAR] The Commission is represented in each EU country by a local office, called a \"representation\". [PAR] Commission representation in Germany [PAR] European Economic & Social Committee [PAR] Germany has 24 representatives on the European Economic and Social Committee . This advisory body \u2013 representing employers, workers and other interest groups \u2013 is consulted on proposed laws, to get a better idea of the possible changes to work and social situations in member countries. [PAR] Committee of the Regions [PAR] Germany has 23 representatives on the Committee of the Regions , the EU's assembly of regional and local representatives. This advisory body is consulted on proposed laws, to ensure these laws take account of the perspective from each region of the EU. [PAR] Permanent representation to the EU [PAR] Germany also communicates with the EU institutions through its permanent representation in Brussels. As Germany's \"embassy to the EU\", its main"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie Curie - Biographical - Nobel Prize Marie Curie - Biographical [PAR] Marie Curie [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 [PAR] Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Marie Curie - Biographical [PAR] Marie Curie, n\u00e9e Maria Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867, the daughter of a secondary-school teacher. She received a general education in local schools and some scientific training from her father. She became involved in a students' revolutionary organization and found it prudent to leave Warsaw, then in the part of Poland dominated by Russia, for Cracow, which at that time was under Austrian rule. In 1891, she went to Paris to continue her studies at the Sorbonne where she obtained Licenciateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences. She met Pierre Curie, Professor in the School of Physics in 1894 and in the following year they were married. She succeeded her husband as Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne, gained her Doctor of Science degree in 1903, and following the tragic death of Pierre Curie in 1906, she took his place as Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences, the first time a woman had held this position. She was also appointed Director of the Curie Laboratory in the Radium Institute of the University of Paris, founded in 1914. [PAR] See Also [PAR] Article about the Curies [PAR] Her early researches, together with her husband, were often performed under difficult conditions, laboratory arrangements were poor and both had to undertake much teaching to earn a livelihood. The discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896 inspired the Curies in their brilliant researches and analyses which led to the isolation of polonium, named after the country of Marie's birth, and radium. Mme. Curie developed methods for the separation of radium from radioactive residues in sufficient quantities to allow for its characterization and the careful study of its properties, therapeutic properties in particular. [PAR] Mme. Curie throughout her life actively promoted the use of radium to alleviate suffering and during World War I, assisted by her daughter, Irene, she personally devoted herself to this remedial work. She retained her enthusiasm for science throughout her life and did much to establish a radioactivity laboratory in her native city - in 1929 President Hoover of the United States presented her with a gift of $ 50,000, donated by American friends of science, to purchase radium for use in the laboratory in Warsaw. [PAR] Mme. Curie, quiet, dignified and unassuming, was held in high esteem and admiration by scientists throughout the world. She was a member of the Conseil du Physique Solvay from 1911 until her death and since 1922 she had been a member of the Committee of Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations. Her work is recorded in numerous papers in scientific journals and she is the author of Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives (1904), L'Isotopie et les \u00c9l\u00e9ments Isotopes and the classic Trait\u00e9' de Radioactivit\u00e9 (1910). [PAR] The importance of Mme. Curie's work is reflected in the numerous awards bestowed on her. She received many honorary science, medicine and law degrees and honorary memberships of learned societies throughout the world. Together with her husband, she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, for their study into the spontaneous radiation discovered by Becquerel, who was awarded the other half of the Prize. In 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry , in recognition of her work in radioactivity. She also received, jointly with her husband, the Davy Medal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Port Cities - About.com Education International Port Cities [PAR] International Port Cities [PAR] International Port Cities [PAR] The Word's Busiest Ports [PAR] Cranes and containers are seen at the Port of Shanghai, the world's busiest port based on container weight. Kim Steele/Getty Images [PAR] By Jordan R. Fisher, Geography Intern [PAR] Ports Linking International Cities [PAR] Our international trade system is composed of a multitude of developments and processes that work harmoniously to create and support a global economy. The international trade system functions in many ways like the human body, where organs operate in their unique ways to support the growth of a healthy human individual. In many ways, globalization represents a long period of growth and development in the human body. [PAR] Thus, each country represents one of our body's vital organs and specializes in producing or manufacturing useful goods to be exported and imported abroad. Exports and imports travel down navigable shipping routes that act as the veins that connect our world's countries. These \"shipping veins\" are connected by large port cities that act like the human heart to pump goods, capital, and services throughout each country. We will focus below on how port cities operate throughout the world as a main function to their geographies of place. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] The United States' Ports and Port Cities [PAR] The United States is one particular country whose large landmass, or size, makes it difficult to transport goods far and wide in an efficient manner. For comparison, the United Kingdom is approximately the size of the state of Oregon and Japan is approximately the size of the state of California. The size of the United States, combined with its amount of production and demand of imported goods, creates the need for multiple, large ports. [PAR] According to the American Association of Port Authorities, or AAPA, the largest port in the United States, by cargo weight, is the Port of South Louisiana. Also the largest port in the western hemisphere, the Port of South Louisiana sits on the mouth of the Mississippi River and incorporates both port cities of New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The significance of the port city of New Orleans made it the third largest United States city in 1840, behind New York and Baltimore, during the early growth of international and domestic shipping trade. [PAR] The current size of the port of South Louisiana is unique because it covers two port cities on the Mississippi River , which travels over 2500 miles before ending just before the border of the country of Canada. Today, the port cities of New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, are oddly nowhere near the United State's most populated cities, unlike other countries whose port cities generally serve as their larger metropolises. The port of Houston and the port of New York City rank as the United States second and third largest ports, respectively. Houston and New York City also rank high relative to their population size, such that the port city of Houston is the fourth largest city in the United States and New York City is the most populated city in the U.S. [PAR] We can see that the amount of trade throughout ports does not necessarily relate to the size of the port cities. This is because port cities are often sprawling industrialized areas where manufacturing and transportation takes place. However, most port cities such as Houston, Texas, usually extend far way from their actual port's piers and into the hinterlands that they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2013 Diesel Buying Guide : Top Recommended Diesel Cars View Other Buying Guides [PAR] Top Recommended Diesels [PAR] Modern diesel vehicles are cleaner, quieter and more fuel-efficient than ever, so clear your mind of whatever prejudice you might have. Diesel power is all about great fuel economy, and unlike hybrid power it delivers on the highway as well as city streets. Super low-speed torque also makes the diesel very drivable around town. Today's turbocharged diesel engines also burn cleanly, with many models employing a urea injection system that purifies the exhaust stream. What's more, diesel clatter and vibration are largely a thing of the past. The combination of clean-burning low-sulfur fuel, improved control of particulate emissions and refined performance has made the diesel engine popular again in a wide range of vehicles, although our recommended choices pertain only to cars and SUVs. [PAR] While the Volkswagen Golf TDI is one of the best-selling cars in Europe, it hasn't yet taken U.S. buyers by storm. Part of the reason is its price, since the TDI is the top trim for the Golf. Still, we feel that the car is worth it because it offers a well-rounded package that few cars in its class can match. The Golf has the premium interior of a more upscale vehicle, is easy to load cargo in thanks to its hatchback, has a sporty suspension and is still capable of up to 42 mpg on the highway. [PAR] The Volkswagen Passat TDI offers the same engine/transmission combination as the Golf TDI, but in a roomier midsize sedan body. The Passat earned top honors in our last 40 MPG Challenge , when it surpassed its own EPA numbers in real-world driving conditions. It is an excellent alternative to the Toyota Camry Hybrid or the Ford Fusion Hybrid . [PAR] The BMW X5 xDrive35d proves that if you need to drive an SUV, the smarter engine choice is the diesel. This engine puts out more torque and gets better fuel economy than its gasoline counterpart. And while the Mercedes-Benz ML350 Bluetec is a bit more fuel-efficient, we feel that the X5 diesel has sharper handling and is more fun to drive. Diesel engines were once thought to be exclusively for trucks, yet there's nothing trucklike about the X5 and its turbodiesel inline-6. [PAR] Top Recommended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma - TV Tropes A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma - TV Tropes [PAR] A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] \u2014 The Riddler, The Long Halloween [PAR] A Stock Phrase typically used to describe something that is immensely puzzling to figure out or extraordinarily complex to fully understand, often relying on hyperbole and, occasionally, sarcasm. [PAR] The phrase is often open to great interpretation and variation. Its three distinct-yet-related nouns allow for a variety of setups and gags related to The Triple and dependent on the Rule of Three . Frequently, the last item of the phrase is changed to something completely different and irrelevant to mystery for Rule of Funny , and the exact order of what's wrapped and inside what varies with almost every separate occasion the phrase is evoked. Sometimes, one of the three parts may be dropped for gags and line deliveries that require a faster pacing; conversely, additional clauses can be added for greater exaggeration . [PAR] The trope name originates from a statement made by Sir Winston Churchill in 1939 about what role The Soviet Union might play in World War II : [PAR] \"I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma, but perhaps there is a key. That key is Russian national interest.\" [PAR] Not to be confused with Riddle for the Ages . [PAR] Examples [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] American Newspapers [PAR] An article from January 2008 in The New York Times that explains why fortune cookies are absent from Chinese restaurants in China was titled \"Solving a Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside a Cookie.\" [PAR] Fanfic [PAR] At one point in the Homestuck fanfic Moirallegiance Is Science, Vriska is described in this manner. [PAR] You're complicated. You're like a puzzle, wrapped in a mystery, sealed with obscurity, and shipped through the WTF postal service. That's just the package you come in .'' [PAR] Films \u2014 Animated [PAR] In Monsters vs. Aliens , General Monger refers to the top-secret prison Susan is taken to as \"an X-File, wrapped in a cover-up, and deep-fried in paranoid conspiracy.\" [PAR] Films \u2014 Live-Action [PAR] In Oliver Stone's film JFK , David Ferrie refers to the Kennedy Assassination as \"a mystery wrapped in a riddle inside an enigma\" when trying to convince Jim Garrison to drop his investigation during a paranoia-fueled rant. [PAR] In Holy Flying Circus , the character Alan Dick uses the phrase \"he's a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside a shit\" to describe Malcolm Muggeridge's unpredictability. [PAR] Literature [PAR] From Tiassa , two guardsmen conversing, as rendered by Paarfi of Roundwood: [PAR] \"An Easterner with an Imperial Title!\" [PAR] \"Well,\" said Nill, \"this is an enigma wrapped in, ah...\" [PAR] \"Another enigma?\" [PAR] \"Precisely.\" [PAR] In Heat Rises, Jameson Rook claims \"What can I say? I'm an enigma inside a conundrum inside a condom.\" [PAR] Used by Verin Sedai in The Wheel of Time (namely, in The Dragon Reborn): \"Name hidden within name shrouded by name. Secret buried within secret cloaked by secret.\" [PAR] Live-Action TV [PAR] In one episode of Seinfeld , Elaine and Jerry get into a discussion about the nature of Newman. [PAR] Elaine: Maybe he's an enigma\u2014a mystery wrapped in a riddle. [PAR] Jerry: He's a mystery"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia? - coursehero.com Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia? [PAR] This question was answered on May 24, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia? [PAR] ....................................................................... [PAR] broadmind720 posted a question \u00b7 May 24, 2016 at 12:12am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 24, 2016 at 12:13am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Attached is a detailed explanation... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29703067) ]} [PAR] The best way to approach your question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29703071) ]} [PAR] The best way to approach your question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29703087) ]} [PAR] The way to approach this... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29703096) ]} [PAR] MrSolution answered the question \u00b7 May 24, 2016 at 12:15am [PAR] Hermann Wilhelm G\u00f6ring ( 12 January 1893 \u2013 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and leading member... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29703183) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need an US History tutor? [PAR] mathtutor1983 [PAR] 2 US History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vehicle documents required for international road haulage ... Vehicle documents required for international road haulage - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Vehicle documents required for international road haulage [PAR] From: [PAR] Vehicle documents drivers need to legally cross international borders in a UK-registered vehicle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Further Information [PAR] When you drive a goods vehicle from one country to another, you must make sure that you have certain documents on board. [PAR] This guide provides information about the documents you will need as a driver to make sure that your vehicle is legally able to cross international borders. [PAR] Vehicle registration documents [PAR] If you take a UK-registered vehicle out of the country for less than 12 months, you must take documentation to show that you are authorised to possess the vehicle. This means you must carry the original Vehicle Registration Certificate (V5C) with you. [PAR] If you have not received the V5C certificate, or the original has been lost, stolen or defaced, you can download the application for a vehicle registration certificate (V62) . [PAR] If you take your vehicle out of the UK for more than 12 months (permanent export), you must notify the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency ( DVLA ) by completing the purple section, part 11 (V5C/4) of the VC5. It\u2019s important that you take your registration certificate with you as you may have to hand it to the relevant authority when the vehicle is registered abroad. [PAR] Read about taking a vehicle out of the UK permanently or temporarily . [PAR] If your vehicle is hired or leased, the supplier company is unlikely to let you have the original VC5. Instead you can apply for a Vehicle on Hire Certificate (VE103). This certificate is authenticated proof of permission from the owner to take the vehicle abroad. A Vehicle on Hire Certificate is valid for one year and you can buy one from motoring organisations such as: [PAR] Automobile Association (AA) [PAR] Road Haulage Association [PAR] Vehicle insurance documents [PAR] The basic EU legal requirement is third party vehicle insurance. This covers injury to other people, including your passengers, damage to or loss of other peoples\u2019 property resulting from an accident caused by you. It doesn\u2019t cover any costs incurred by you as a result of an accident. [PAR] Third party, fire and theft provides the same cover as third party but also includes fire damage and theft of the vehicle. [PAR] Fully comprehensive provides the same cover as third party, fire and theft and additionally covers any damage to your vehicle. [PAR] Every motor insurance policy issued in the EU must provide the minimum insurance cover required by law in any other EU country. [PAR] Green Card [PAR] In many countries, even those within the EU where a UK insurance certificate is acceptable, you may be asked to produce a Green Card. The Green Card is not an insurance cover. It simply provides proof, in those countries where the Green Card is valid, that the minimum third party liability cover required by law in the visited country is in force. [PAR] If your insurers aren\u2019t able to issue a Green Card, you can find alternative suppliers on the MIB website . The MIB operates the Green Card system in the UK. [PAR] Insurance for goods in transit [PAR] In some countries, you may need to produce a certificate of insurance for the goods carried to avoid paying a premium. See the guide on moving goods by road . [PAR] It\u2019s also important to ensure that the risk of goods being damaged, delayed,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fest300 - Glastonbury - Photos, Videos, and Festival ... Glastonbury Festival 2017 in Pilton, United Kingdom | Everfest [PAR] Location [PAR] Worthy Farm [PAR] Summer\u2019s arrival is celebrated in small ways around the world, but at the Glastonbury festival , the solstice gets a grand welcome. This music festival has a lineup of some of the world\u2019s most talented artists, from up-and-comers to mega stars, and the crowd is composed of everyone from hippies to hipsters. Pack your rain boots, pitch a tent, and get ready for one of the muddiest, most musical weekends of your life. [PAR] Glastonbury Festival - A Star is Born [PAR] What happens when you take a farmer, 14 of his closest friends, the magic of Led Zeppelin and throw them all together? You get the Pilton Festival , the original Glastonbury. Organized by Michael Eavis after he saw the aforementioned band at the Bath Music Festival, the Pilton couldn\u2019t have kicked off on a more auspicious day\u2014September 19, 1970, 2 days after the death of Jimi Hendrix. Modeled after the hippie idealism of festivals like Woodstock and Isle of Wight, the Pilton drew 1,500 attendees and a diverse array of acts including glam rock legend T. Rex. You could say the festival started organically; Eavis paid the bands in installments from his dairy farm\u2019s milk sales. [PAR] Glastonbury festival has grown since then, and every year on the weekend closest to the summer solstice, as many as 150,000 people create something akin to a small town amidst undeveloped land and dairy farms. Think Coachella , only with more feel-good camaraderie. The festival might be volunteer-run, but it\u2019s organized as strictly as any other major festival and raises millions of dollars for charity. [PAR] Caught in the Acts [PAR] At its core, Glastonbury is a music festival, and there\u2019s quite a bit to check out. You\u2019ll catch lineups with big-banner acts like Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Stevie Wonder, and Beyonc\u00e9, but don\u2019t miss the chance to discover the next big thing (this is where The Smiths wowed the audience in 1984, catapulting them to fame). The Dance, Other, and Pyramid stages are the most popular; the festival says they\u2019re \u201clike London\u2019s party-going West End on a Saturday night.\u201d [PAR] Music might be the focus, but there\u2019s a lot more going on in these 900 idyllic countryside acres than just concerts. Revelers can pray at sunrise around a stone circle in a verdant meadow at the Sacred Space, which might be something you\u2019d never do back home, but here it can be a gloriously powerful experience. In Lost Vagueness, you can participate in a mass marriage inside the Chapel of Loathe, or don period clothing before setting off to the Slip Roller Disco or Lost Luck Casino. On the mellower side, check out Jazzworld and the Acoustic stage. [PAR] The level of production is also worth mentioning. Besides the huge stages with their immense sound and lighting, there are also areas such as Block 9 - specially built by talented teams of creatives to make the whole experience even more immersive and unforgettable. For instance, one of the stages is located inside the facade of a British tower block, which has a London tube train smashed into its front. Insane. [PAR] Pitch a Tent at Glastonbury [PAR] Glastonbury is a camping trip for most, and with England\u2019s wet summers, things can get a little muddy. Look at the weather forecast and bring rain gear just in case. If you\u2019re pitching a tent, arrive early so you have options. The best spots are on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Channel Islands National Park (U.S. National Park Service) Channel Islands National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Close to the California Mainland...Yet Worlds Apart [PAR] Channel Islands National Park encompasses five remarkable islands and their ocean environment, preserving and protecting a wealth of natural and cultural resources. Isolation over thousands of years has created unique animals, plants, and archeological resources found nowhere else on Earth and helped preserve a place where visitors can experience coastal southern California as it once was. Read More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grasse France travel and tourism, attractions and ... Grasse France travel and tourism, attractions and sightseeing and Grasse reviews [PAR] PHOTO GALLERY MAP & PLACES TO VISIT [PAR] Grasse is situated 16 km north of Cannes in southern Provence. The town was originally best known as a centre for leather tanners, but this gave way to perfume production, for which the town is still famous today. [PAR] There is an International Museum of Perfume here and four important perfume producers are still based in the town and can be visited. But there is much more to Grasse than perfume... [PAR] Explore Grasse [PAR] Grasse is a pleasant and quite a sizable town, with the old town and the region around Place aux Aires a good place to start your visit. [PAR] The old town is the highlight in Grasse and has numerous ancient buildings and a great deal of character - it is very much a traditional Provencal town despite being such a popular tourist destination,and the old town is one of the most extensive in Provence, not unlike the old town in Nice . [PAR] Many of the tall narrow houses are painted in pastel orange colours to brighten the narrow streets, and there are numerous shops, cafes and restaurants in the open squares that you will discover as you explore. [PAR] One slightly curious feature to Grasse - while the town centre is impeccable, if you wander 100 metres off the well-trodden tourist path you find yourself in a different environment, much more 'down to earth' with original 'unpainted' houses along alleys with washing hanging out to dry - a different experience altogether to the 'tourist centre'. [PAR] It is true that you will also come across rather more run-down areas in the old town and some of the streets are, if not intimidating then at least sufficient to make you think you are in a genuine old town rather than a tourist destination! [PAR] Among the places of particular historical importance in Grasse are: [PAR] - the 12th century Cathedral Notre-Dame-de-Puy is worth a visit. It is the most important historical monument in Grasse and dominated by a tall square belltower added in the 18th century. The cathedral also contains three paintings by Rubens. [PAR] - adjacent to the cathedral is the town hall - don't miss the interior courtyard, with its decorative fountain, and the view across the town centre, while behind the cathedral there are open views north across the surrounding hills [PAR] - the stone square tower close to here is the Sarrasin tower and was originally the watchtower for Grasse [PAR] A daily market is held in the main arcaded square in the center of Grasse. [PAR] There are two Grasse tourist offices but neither is in the old town - both are on the broad boulevard that runs along the north-west side of the historical centre, one near the Palais de Congress and the other a few hundred metres along the same road (remember I told you, otherwise they are hard to find - without the map from the tourist office...!) [PAR] Unfortunately the map the tourist office provide is also missing many street and place names and largely incomprehensible because the writing is too small to read...but it does include information about where to find some of the more interesting little highlights so still worth getting hold of. [PAR] Museums [PAR] As well as the popular Museum of Perfume there is also a museum celebrating Art in Provence, and others dedicated to Marine activities and the Fragonard perfume company."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Could the UK drive on the right? - BBC News Magazine BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | Could the UK drive on the right? [PAR] Could the UK drive on the right? [PAR] By Tom Geoghegan [PAR] BBC News Magazine [PAR] Motorists in Samoa have switched the side of the road they drive on, overnight. It's a move that Britain has considered - but how would it work? [PAR] It's the kind of interview question that has reduced confident job seekers to quivering wrecks. [PAR] Imagine you are the minister in charge of the UK's roads and you have to switch the country to driving on the right-hand side. How would you do it? [PAR] A study of Samoa, in the South Pacific, this week might offer some clues. The country is experiencing its first day of driving on the left on Monday, the start of a special two-day bank holiday to ease Samoans into the new regime. [PAR] WHY THE RIGHT/LEFT SPLIT? [PAR] In the pre-industrial era, horses kept to the left so riders could draw their sword [PAR] Napoleon changed Europe to the right [PAR] The US followed France [PAR] See which countries drive where [PAR] What if the UK were to follow? Driving on the right would make trips to the European mainland easier, when taking or hiring a car. And cars with steering wheels on the left could be cheaper. [PAR] The idea is not as fanciful as it sounds. Although the Department for Transport says it has no plans to change, it did examine such a plan in the late 1960s, two years after Sweden successfully switched to driving on the right. [PAR] Its report rejected the idea on grounds of safety and costs. But that was before Britain's entry into the European Union and the opening of the Channel Tunnel, which for the first time established a land link between Britain and the Continent. So, if the UK was to think again about a switch, what would be the key issues? [PAR] SIGNS & JUNCTIONS [PAR] Road markings and roadside signs would have to be switched to the other side of the road, but ready in advance of the day of change, in a huge logistical exercise. [PAR] One-way streets would have to be reconfigured and traffic lights with filters changed, says Paul Watters of the AA. To get an idea of the cost, changing signs from miles to kilometres alone was estimated at \u00a3750m, he adds. [PAR] Japan is also left-hand side [PAR] The biggest engineering issue would be highway building, says Benjamin Heydecker of the Centre for Transport Studies at University College London. About one in 10 motorway junctions is asymmetric or incomplete, so would need to be dug up and rebuilt. [PAR] \"Motorway signs would have to be turned round and repositioned, so approaches to junctions would not be in the same place.\" [PAR] Accident blackspots would all need looking at too, because the signs there are site-specific and so would need to change. [PAR] ADJUSTING SLIP ROADS [PAR] \"Entrance and exits to motorways are not symmetrical either, so there would be consequences there too,\" says Mr Heydecker. [PAR] Slip roads that were deceleration lanes would suddenly be used for accelerating, so their lengths would need to be extended; and vice versa. [PAR] EDUCATING DRIVERS [PAR] Although many motorists would be used to driving on the right - thanks to trips abroad - a comprehensive retraining programme would be needed, according to Mr Heydecker. Particular emphasis would be put on negotiating roundabouts (which would run anti-clockwise) and left-hand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Life in the 20th Century - A World History Encyclopedia Life in the 20th Century [PAR] DAILY LIFE IN BRITAIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY [PAR] By Tim Lambert [PAR] There were two sides to the 20th century. On the one hand there were severe recessions in the early 1930s and in the 1980s and 1990s. There were also two terrible world wars. On the other hand there was a vast improvement in the standard of living of ordinary people. Life expectancy also rose. In 1900 in Britain it was about 47 for a man and 50 for a woman. By the end of the century it was about 75 and 80. Life was also greatly improved by new inventions. [PAR] Even during the depression of the 1930s things improved for most of the people who had a job. Real incomes rose significantly during the decade. The same was true of the 1980s. [PAR] Society in 20th Century Britain [PAR] British society changed greatly during the 20th century. In 1914 only about 20% of the population was middle class. By 1939 the figure was about 30%. In the late 20th century the number of 'blue collar' or manual workers declined rapidly but the number of 'white collar' workers in offices and service industries increased rapidly. [PAR] In the 1950s large numbers of West Indians arrived in Britain. Also from the 1950s many Asians came. In the late 20th century Britain became a multi-cultural society. [PAR] There was another change in British society. In the late 20th century divorce and single parent families became much more common. [PAR] Also, in the 1950s young people had significant disposable income for the first time. A distinct 'youth culture' emerged, first with teddy boys, then in the 1960s with mods and rockers and in the late 1970s with punks and also with rock music. A revolution in music was led by Elvis Presley and Bill Hayley. [PAR] The history of English society [PAR] Women in the 20th Century [PAR] In 1918 in Britain women over 30 were allowed to vote. More occupations were opened to women during the 20th century. The first policewomen in Britain went on duty in 1914. The 1919 Sex Disqualification Removal Act allowed women to become lawyers, vets and civil servants. (The first female solicitor was Carrie Morrison in 1922). Also in 1922 Irene Barclay became the first female chartered surveyor. [PAR] Nevertheless in the early 20th century it was unusual for married women to work (except in wartime). However in the 1950s and 1960s it became common for them to do so - at least part-time. New technology in the home made it easier for women to do paid work. Before the 20th century housework was so time consuming married women did not have time to work. Manufacturing became less important and service industries grew creating more opportunities for women. [PAR] In 1970 the law was changed so women had to be paid the same wages as men. In 1973 women were admitted to the stock exchange. From 1975 it was made illegal to sack women for becoming pregnant. Also in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act made it illegal to discriminate against women in employment, education and training. In 1984 a new law stated that equal pay must be given for work of equal value. [PAR] Work and Industry in 20th Century Britain [PAR] In the years 1900-1914 the British economy was stable and unemployment was quite low. However during the 1920s there was mass unemployment. For most of the decade it hovered between 10% and 12%. Then,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially ... In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially expire? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially expire? [PAR] This question was answered on May 23, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially expire? [PAR] masfatjr265 posted a question \u00b7 May 23, 2016 at 11:34pm [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Attached is a detailed explanation... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702539) ]} [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 23, 2016 at 11:34pm [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702534) ]} [PAR] Here is the solution... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702597) ]} [PAR] brainetom answered the question \u00b7 May 23, 2016 at 11:38pm [PAR] August 1997. Hong Kong consists of Hong Kong Island (ceded by China to Britain in 1842), the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702692) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] which year did the united states of america gain its independence? [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an US History tutor? [PAR] Ntidai5 [PAR] 8 US History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 1 min [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? [PAR] Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? [PAR] China [PAR] Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? [PAR] Hong Kong Harbor, taken sometime between 1900 and 1923, during British control of the island. Library of Congress Prints and Photos [PAR] By Kallie Szczepanski [PAR] Updated March 16, 2016. [PAR] The short answer to that question is that China lost Hong Kong to Great Britain in the Opium Wars , and later leased adjacent territories to the British under duress. Britain's reign over Hong Kong dates back to the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, which ended the First Opium War . But what is the longer answer? [PAR] Nineteenth-century Britain had an insatiable appetite for Chinese tea. However, the Qing Dynasty and its subjects did not want to buy anything that the British produced. The government of Queen Victoria did not want to use up any more of the country's reserves of gold or silver in buying tea, so it decided to forcibly export opium from the Indian Subcontinent to China. The opium would then be exchanged for tea. [PAR] China's government, not too surprisingly, objected to the large-scale importation of narcotics into their country by a foreign power. When just banning opium imports did not work, because British merchants simply smuggled the drug into China, the Qing government took more direct action. [PAR] continue"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the ... Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the North Pole? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the North Pole? [PAR] This question was answered on May 23, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the North Pole? [PAR] yemen67 posted a question \u00b7 May 23, 2016 at 11:31pm [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702502) ]} [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 23, 2016 at 11:32pm [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here is a detailed explanation... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702499) ]} [PAR] Here is a detailed explanation... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702515) ]} [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702519) ]} [PAR] brainetom answered the question \u00b7 May 23, 2016 at 11:33pm [PAR] Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen ( 16 July 1872 \u2013 c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29702733) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need an Ancient History tutor? [PAR] brightkesenwa [PAR] 50 Ancient History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 1 min [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] Race to the South Pole | TIME For Kids Race to the South Pole | TIME For Kids [PAR] Race to the South Pole [PAR] Today marks the 100th anniversary of the first successful expedition to the globe's southernmost point [PAR] December 14, 2011 [PAR] Print [PAR] GETTY IMAGES [PAR] After arriving at the South Pole on December 14, 1911, explorer Roald Amundsen (left) spent three days there with his companions: Oscar Wisting, Sverre Hassel, Helmer Hanssen and Olav Bjaaland (the photographer, not pictured). [PAR] On December 14, 1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his four-man team became the first people to reach the South Pole, where they raised the Norwegian flag in victory. On Wednesday, exactly 100 years later, Norway\u2019s prime minister gathered with scientists and polar adventurers at the bottom of the world to remember the famous explorer\u2019s achievements. \"We are here to celebrate one of the greatest feats in human history,\" Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said, as he unveiled an ice sculpture of Amundsen. [PAR] A Great Expedition [PAR] TIME & LIFE PICTURES/GETTY IMAGES [PAR] Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen became the first man to reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911. [PAR] In the early 1900s, there was a race to see who could get to the South Pole first. Amundsen beat his rival, British explorer Robert Flacon Scott, by five weeks. On March 8, 1912, after learning of Amundsen's successful expedition, The New York Times wrote: \"The whole world has now been discovered.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A bridge too far | History Extra A bridge too far | History Extra [PAR] Directory [PAR] A bridge too far [PAR] On the 65th anniversary of Operation Market Garden Rob Attar looks back at this daring attempt to bring the Second World War to an early end in the Netherlands [PAR] Sunday 25th October 2009 [PAR] BBC History Magazine - 5 issues for \u00a35 [PAR] A young Dutch girl looked up at the sky on the afternoon of Sunday 17 September 1944 and exclaimed in surprise, \u201cJesus is throwing people out of heaven!\u201d What she was in fact witnessing was one of the parachute drops that kicked off Operation Market Garden, an audacious and ultimately disastrous Allied plan to smash through the German defences in the Netherlands and win the war by Christmas. [PAR] Having exceeded their expectations for the campaigns in Normandy and liberated Paris, the Allies were keen to finish off Nazi Germany as quickly as possible. Supreme Allied Commander Dwight Eisenhower favoured a broad assault but Field Marshal Montgomery proposed a more nimble thrust through the Netherlands that would enable Allied forces to bypass much of the defensive Siegfried Line and swing into Germany from the north. [PAR] To achieve success in such an operation, the Allies would require not only to defeat any Germans in the area but also get across the Rhine and other waterways that criss-crossed the Dutch landscape. Montgomery\u2019s ambitious solution was to drop thousands of Allied paratroopers dozens of miles behind enemy lines where they would secure the necessary bridges to allow a simultaneous ground attack to make progress. [PAR] For the typically cautious Montgomery, it was an uncharacteristically bold idea and one that stunned US General Omar Bradley, who remarked after seeing the proposals: \u201cIf the teetotal Montgomery had wobbled into my headquarters reeking of whisky, I couldn\u2019t have been more surprised.\u201d For Montgomery however it offered an opportunity to get himself back into the forefront of the action and for this he was prepared to embark on a risky operation. [PAR] Eisenhower was sufficiently convinced to allow Market Garden to take priority of supplies. The operation was hastily conceived, ready for execution in mid-September 1944, just over two months after D-Day. It was to be the biggest airborne assault of all time. [PAR] For the Market half of the operation the American 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions would secure crossings close to the towns of Nijmegen and Eindhoven respectively. Meanwhile the 1st British Airborne Division would be dropped close to Arnhem where they would need to seize the town\u2019s bridge at the furthest extent of the Allied push. [PAR] The Garden half would involve a surge by the British XXX Corps along the road into the Netherlands to link up first with the American paratroopers and then finally with the British who should be holding the Arnhem bridge. [PAR] After defeating the Germans in Normandy the Allies were in confident mood prior to the start of the operation. Corporal Bob Allen later recalled: \u201cA little German armour was reputed to be refitting in the Arnhem area. But morale was sky high. Most of us were straining at the leash to get into battle.\u201d [PAR] Despite Allen\u2019s bullishness, Operation Market Garden was by no means guaranteed to succeed. For such a daring plan to work virtually everything would have to go as planned. [PAR] Dropping in on the Germans [PAR] The American 101st Airborne under General Maxwell Taylor were responsible for the Eindhoven area. After landing they secured virtually all their objectives except for the bridge at Son,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cubism Movement, Artists and Major Works | The Art Story Cubism Movement, Artists and Major Works | The Art Story [PAR] Resources [PAR] Quotes [PAR] \"Cubism is not a reality you can take in your hand. It's more like a perfume, in front of you, behind you, to the sides, the scent is everywhere but you don't quite know where it comes from.\" [PAR] Pablo Picasso [PAR] \"The goal I proposed myself in making cubism? To paint and nothing more... with a method linked only to my thought.. Neither the good nor the true; neither the useful nor the useless.\" [PAR] Pablo Picasso [PAR] \"What greatly attracted me - and it was the main line of advance of Cubism - was how to give material expression to this new space of which I had an inkling. So I began to paint chiefly still lifes, because in nature there is a tactile, I would almost say a manual space... that was the earliest Cubist painting - the quest for space.\" [PAR] Georges Braque [PAR] \"If I have called Cubism a new order, it is without any revolutionary ideas or any reactionary ideas... One cannot escape from one's own epoch, however revolutionary one may be.\" [PAR] Georges Braque [PAR] \"Cubism is moving around an object to seize several successive appearances, which fused in a single image, reconstitute it in time.\" [PAR] Juan Gris [PAR] \"It was a tradition to represent a dancer frozen in a chosen position, like a snapshot. I broke away from this tradition by superimposing postures, blending light and motion and scrambling the planes.\" [PAR] Sonia Delaunay [PAR] \"Enormous enlargements of an object or a fragment give it a personality it never had before, and in this way, it can become a vehicle of entirely new lyric and plastic power.\" [PAR] Fernand L\u00e9ger [PAR] \"Let the picture imitate nothing; let it nakedly present its raison d'etre.\" [PAR] Jean Metzinger [PAR] \"Whether it is Juan Gris taking objects apart, Picasso replacing them with objects of his own invention, or another who replaces conical perspective by a system based on the relations between perpendiculars, all that only goes to show that Cubism was not at all born out of an authoritative theory [mot d'ordre]; that it only marked among a few painters the will to be finished with an art that never ought to have survived the condemnation pronounced upon it by Pascal.\" [PAR] Jean Metzinger [PAR] \"Cubism was an attack on the perspective that had been known and used for 500 years. It was the first big, big change. It confused people: they said, 'Things don't look like that!'\" [PAR] David Hockney [PAR] \"He commenced the long struggle not to express what he could see but not to express the things he did not see, that is to say the things everybody is certain of seeing but which they do not really see.\" [PAR] Gertrude Stein, on Picasso's early art [PAR] \"I have transformed myself in the zero of form and fished myself out of the rubbishy slough of Academic Art. I have destroyed the circle of the horizon and escaped from the circle of objects, the horizon-ring that has imprisoned the artist and the forms from nature. The square is not a subconscious form. It is the creation of intuitive reason. The face of the new art. The square is the living, royal infant. It is the first step of pure creation in art.\" [PAR] Kazimir Malevich [PAR] Like The Art Story on Facebook [PAR] Beginnings [PAR] A watershed moment for the development of Cubism was the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TND - Tunisian Dinar rates, news, and tools - XE.com TND - Tunisian Dinar rates, news, and tools [PAR] TND - Tunisian Dinar [PAR] Tunisia, Dinar [PAR] The Tunisian Dinar is the currency of Tunisia. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Tunisia Dinar exchange rate is the TND to EUR rate . The currency code for Dinars is TND. Below, you'll find Tunisian Dinar rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take TND rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trekking in Morocco - Mount Toubkal High Atlas Mountains Trekking in Morocco [PAR] Mt Toubkal 4167m is calling you! [PAR] We will offer all you need to spend a perfect and a lifetime experience that you have never imagined. We are passionate about trekking in Morocco , and there is no better way to discover Atlas Mountains, its culture, and meet its people, than on foot! Whether you\u2019re travelling in our small guided groups, alone or with friends, our hand picked programs ensure you\u2019ll have an amazing trek! Come & Trekking in Morocco with us! [PAR] One of the best trekking areas in Morocco is Toubkal region. As you know, Mt Toubkal is the highest peak in North Africa and in Morocco. It is not that far away from Marrakech city. It takes around 1h30 drive to Imlil valley which is the closer starting point of trekking tours towards this highest peak in Morocco. You would need at least 2 days so as to climb up Mt Toubkal, but this is possible if you are fit enough; otherwise it would be better to opt for the 3 days trek which will give enough time to acclimitize and relax after the climb! [PAR] In addition to trekking in toubkal, you can do other outdoor activities such as mountain biking which can be done from 1 day trip up to 6 days mountain biking around the high atlas mountains and berber villages & valleys. Moreover, you can do ski touring in the high atlas mountains in winter time from end of December till March; we have off piste skiing tours from 2 days up to 6 days skiing in toubkal area. [PAR] We have other outdoor activities such as horse riding & camel riding in high atlas mountains; we have days trips or long trips too! [PAR] Another thing, Toubkal area is not the only region where we run our tours, but there are other nice places too such as Mt Mgoun, Mt Siroua, Mt Saghro, Sahara, and Imperial cities! [PAR] [PAR] HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS Morocco Trekking [PAR] Trekking through Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The High Atlas is one of three components of the chain of the Moroccan's Atlas. This marks a massive climatic border between the lands of the ocean and those of Moroccan desert , because beyond the High Atlas, the arid expanses of the Sahara begins. Highlight and emblematic site in the region, Jebel Toubkal peaks at over 4000 meters altitude, a visible peak from Marrakech! The High Atlas divides itself into various more or less ancient geological areas and landscapes of this region are as rich and varied between spectacular formation born of chaos reliefs to plateaus and valleys cultivated by the Berber population, who inhabited these places for thousands of years. [PAR] The Moroccan Sahara is mainly made up of a big rocky plain, which runs from the feet of the Atlantis on the North/East almost to the Atlantic coast, south of Agadir. In Morocco, the desert moves smoothly, the Draa Valley or Wadi Ziz strung a string of villages and lush palm groves, before losing in the dunes of the erg (Chebbi or labidia), which lie at the foot highland last relief before Algeria.Even within the desert you can enjoy different landscapes: the dry, thorny plain where jackals and camels live, the Sahara desert: reign of scorpions and snakes or the northern oasis full of bustle and life. The choice is yours. Trekking in Morocco's sahara is a lifetime experience! [PAR] A trip to the Sahara desert is definitely an experience everyone should do"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 - Presentation Speech The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 - Presentation Speech [PAR] Presentation Speech [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 [PAR] Albert Lutuli [PAR] Award Ceremony Speech [PAR] Presentation Speech by Gunnar Jahn * , Chairman of the Nobel Committee [PAR] This year the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament has awarded two Peace Prizes. The prize for 1960 goes to Albert John Lutuli, and the prize for 1961 is awarded posthumously to Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld. [PAR] In many respects these two recipients differ widely. Albert John Lutuli's life and work have been molded by the pattern of the African tribal community and by the influence of Christianity, while Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld's were a product of Western culture. Lutuli's activities have been, and are, confined to his own country, while Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld worked in the international sphere. Yet despite these differences, they had one thing in common: both fought to implant the idea of justice in the individual, in the nation, and among the nations; or we might put it like this: they fought for the ideals expressed in the declaration of human rights embodied in the Charter of the United Nations. [PAR] Albert John Lutuli was born in 1898. He comes from a long line of Zulu chiefs, but he was influenced by Christianity in his school days and in his later education, first in the American mission school he attended and afterwards during his training as a teacher. After passing his examination at Adams College in Natal, he became a faculty member of the college, where he taught, among other subjects, the history of the Zulu people. During his seventeen years as a teacher, he took no part in the political life of South Africa. [PAR] In 1935 a great change took place in Lutuli's life when he was called to assume the functions of tribal chief. The choice of a chief must be approved by the state, which pays his salary. It was on the basis of this authority that the government was able to remove him in 1952. His seventeen years as a chief brought him daily contact with the individual members of the tribal community, as well as an active part in the work of the Christian church in South Africa, in India, and in the United States. [PAR] Both as a teacher and later as a chief, Lutuli did outstanding work. He took his duties as chief very seriously and in doing so won the affection of his tribe. He endeavored to blend its ancient culture with the precepts of Christianity and to promote its economic welfare in various ways - for example, by introducing new methods of sugar production. [PAR] Describing this period of his life, he tells us: \"Previous to being a chief I was a school teacher for about seventeen years. In these past thirty years or so, I have striven with tremendous zeal and patience to work for the progress and welfare of my people and for their harmonious relations with other sections of our multiracial society in the Union of South Africa. In this effort I always pursued the path of moderation. Over this great length of time I have, year after year, gladly spent hours of my time with such organizations as the church and its various agencies, such as the Christian Council of South Africa, the Joint Council of Europeans and Africans, and the now defunct Native Representative Council.\" 1 [PAR] But it was neither as a teacher, nor as a chief, nor as an active member of various Christian organizations that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre The 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre [PAR] The 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre [PAR] The 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre [PAR] The Origin of South Africa's Human Rights Day [PAR] (Original Caption) 3/21/60-Vereeniging, South Africa: The bodies of dead and wounded lie in the street March 21st, after police opened fire on a crowd of stone-throwing South Africans. They were protesting a law that requires them to carry identification passes at all times. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images [PAR] By Alistair Boddy-Evans [PAR] Updated August 21, 2016. [PAR] On 21 March 1960 at least 180 black Africans were injured (there are claims of as many as 300) and 69 killed when South African police opened fire on approximately 300 demonstrators, who were protesting against the pass laws, at the township of Sharpeville , near Vereeniging in the Transvaal. In similar demonstrations at the police station in Vanderbijlpark , another person was shot. Later that day at Langa, a township outside Cape Town , police baton charged and fired tear gas at the gathered protesters, shooting three and injuring several others. The Sharpeville Massacre , as the event has become known, signaled the start of armed resistance in South Africa, and prompted worldwide condemnation of South Africa's Apartheid policies . [PAR] Build-up to the Massacre [PAR] On 13 May 1902 the treaty which ended the Anglo-Boer War was signed at Vereeniging; it signified a new era of cooperation between English and Afrikaner living in Southern Africa. By 1910, the two Afrikaner states of Orange River Colony (Oranje Vrij Staat) and Transvaal (Zuid Afrikaansche Republick) were joined with Cape Colony and Natal as the Union of South Africa. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] The repression of black Africans became entrenched in the constitution of the new union (although perhaps not intentionally) and the foundations of Grand Apartheid were laid. [PAR] After the Second World War the Herstigte ('Reformed' or 'Pure') National Party (HNP) came into power (by a slender majority, created through a coalition with the otherwise insignificant Afrikaner Party ) in 1948. Its members had been disaffected from the previous government, the United Party, in 1933, and had smarted at the government's accord with Britain during the war. Within a year the Mixed Marriages Act was instituted \u2013 the first of many segregationist laws devised to separate privileged white South Africans from the black African masses. By 1958, with the election of Hendrik Verwoerd , (white) South Africa was completely entrenched in the philosophy of Apartheid. [PAR] There was opposition to the government's policies. The African National Congress (ANC) was working within the law against all forms of racial discrimination in South Africa. In 1956 had committed itself to a South Africa which \"belongs to all.\" A peaceful demonstration in June that same year, at which the ANC (and other anti-Apartheid groups) approved the Freedom Charter , led to the arrest of 156 anti-Apartheid leaders and the 'Treason Trial' which lasted until 1961. [PAR] By the late 1950s, some of ANCs members had become disillusioned with the 'peaceful' response. Known as 'Africanists' this select group was opposed to a multi-racial future for South Africa. The Africanists followed a philosophy that a racially assertive sense of nationalism was needed to mobilize the masses, and they advocated a strategy of mass action (boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and non-cooperation). The Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) was formed in April 1959, with Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe as president. [PAR] The PAC and ANC did not agree on policy, and it seemed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benin - Republic of Benin - Country Profile - West Africa Benin - Republic of Benin - Country Profile - West Africa [PAR] Location map of Benin [PAR] [PAR] A virtual guide to Benin. The Republic of Benin is a from north to south long stretched country in West Africa , situated east of Togo and west of Nigeria , it is bordered to the north by Burkina Faso and Niger , in south by the the Bight of Benin, in the Gulf of Guinea, that part of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean which is roughly south of West Africa. Benin's coastline is just 121 km (75 mi) long. [PAR] With an area of 112,622 km\u00b2 the country is slightly larger than Bulgaria , or slightly smaller than the U.S. state Pennsylvania . Benin's former name, until 1975, was Dahomey. [PAR] Porto-Novo , a port on an inlet of the Gulf of Guinea is the nations capital city, largest city and economic capital is Cotonou . Spoken languages are French (official), Fon and Yoruba. [PAR] [PAR] Ethnic groups: 42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, and Bariba. [PAR] Religions: Indigenous beliefs (animist) 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%. [PAR] Languages : French (official), Fon and Yoruba in the south; Nagot, Bariba and Dendi in the north. [PAR] Literacy: Total population 39%; men 53%, women 25%. [PAR] Natural resources: Small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber. [PAR] Agriculture products: Cotton, corn, cassava (tapioca), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts, livestock (2001) [PAR] Industries: Textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement (2001) [PAR] Exports - commodities: cotton, cashews, shea butter, textiles, palm products, seafood [PAR] Exports partners: India 24.2%, Gabon 14.6%, China 7.2%, Niger 6%, Bangladesh 5%, Nigeria 4.9%, Vietnam 4.2% (2015) [PAR] Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products [PAR] Imports partners: China 42.1%, US 8.9%, India 5.7%, Malaysia 4.8%, Thailand 4.3%, France 4% (2015) [PAR] Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF) [PAR] Note: External links will open in a new browser window. [PAR] Official Sites of Benin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] African Tribes: The Ashanti People - africaguide.com Ashanti People [PAR] Ashanti People [PAR] select code [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Ashanti live in central Ghana in western Africa [map of Ghana ] approximately 300km. away from the coast. The Ashanti are a major ethnic group of the Akans in Ghana, a fairly new nation, barely more than 50 years old. Ghana, previously the Gold Coast, was a British colony until 1957. It is now politically separated into four main parts. Ashanti is in the center and Kumasi is the capital. [PAR] To the Ashanti, the family and the mother\u2019s clan are most important. A child is said to inherit the father\u2019s soul or spirit (ntoro) and from the mother a child receives flesh and blood (mogya). This relates them more closely to the mother\u2019s clan. The Ashanti live in an extended family. The family lives in various homes or huts that are set up around a courtyard. The head of the household is usually the oldest brother that lives there. He is chosen by the elders. He is called either Father or Housefather and is obeyed by everyone. [PAR] Boys are trained by their fathers at the age of eight and nine. They are taught a skill of the fathers' choice. The father is also responsible for paying for school. Boys are taught to use the talking drums by their mothers' brother. Talking drums are used for learning the Ashanti language and spreading news and are also used in ceremonies. The talking drums are important to the Ashanti and there are very important rituals involved in them. Girls are taught cooking and housekeeping skills by their mothers. They also work the fields and bring in necessary items, such as water, for the group. [PAR] Marriage is very important to Ashanti communal life and it can be polygamous. Men may want more than one wife to express their willingness to be generous and support a large family. Women in the Ashanti culture will not marry without the consent of their parents. Many women do not meet their husbands until they are married. Even so, divorce is very rare in the Ashanti culture and it is a duty of parents on both sides to keep a marriage going. [PAR] The government of Ashanti is shaped like a pyramid. There is one king and he heads the Ashanti Confederacy Council, a group made of paramount chiefs. A paramount chief presides over district chiefs. A district chief presides over a District Council of Elders, which is made up of subchiefs. Villages are brought together by a subchief. Within every village there is a village head council made up of all the heads of households [PAR] The Ashanti religion is a mixture of spiritual and supernatural powers. They believe that plants, animals, and trees have souls. They also believe in fairies, witches, and forest monsters. There are a variety of religious beliefs involving ancestors, higher gods, or abosom, and \u2018Nyame\u2019, the Supreme Being of Ashanti. The Ashanti also practice many rites for marriage, death, puberty, and birth. The golden stool is sacred to the Ashanti. There is an elaborate legend surrounding it that is told by the old men of Ashanti. The golden stool is very carefully protected. No one has ever sat on it and since its arrival, it has not touched the ground. As an Ashanti symbol, the golden stool represents the worship of ancestors, well-being, and the nation of Ashanti. [PAR] The Ashanti have a wide variety of arts. Bark cloth was used for clothing before weaving was introduced. With weaving,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How did Idi Amin Dada lead a successful coup in 1971 ... How did Idi Amin Dada lead a successful coup in 1971? (Part 1, by William Miles) | PublisHistory Blog [PAR] How did Idi Amin Dada lead a successful coup in 1971? (Part 1, by William Miles) [PAR] 0 [PAR] Obote\u2019s actions on the 24th January 1971 set in motion the coup d\u2019etat which was to bring Amin to power. On this evening, Obote, realising that he must contain Amin, called up the officer\u2019s mess at Jinja barracks to order the General\u2019s arrest. However, the switchboard was unmanned and, instead, the message was picked up by Sergeant-Major Mussa who subsequently seized the armoury to prevent the Acholi and Lang\u2019o tribes access to the weapons they needed. Upon hearing this, Amin was forced to act and on the 25th January at 2am, open fire began to be heard in Kampala. Civilians were chased off the streets, government buildings were seized and the airport was closed. By breakfast, the coup had been successful and General Idi Amin Dada had assumed control. But how did Amin gain the popularity and support to achieve such a feat? In this essay I attempt to tackle this question by looking at certain threads of the same tapestry. To begin with I shall focus on the man himself, Amin, for without a powerful figurehead at its forefront, it is unlikely that there would have been any taste for or belief in a successful coup. Next I will look at the situation in Uganda during the run up to the coup as this highlights the development of an environment ripe for change. Finally, I will analyse Obote\u2019s own actions in alienating the Buganda tribe and adding further resentment against himself and his government. [PAR] So; what of Amin himself? From the outset, he portrayed himself as one of the people. Although the President, he was willing to listen and talk to the people, and all his actions were aimed at helping them. \u201cI am not completely communism and I am not capitalism\u2026I am only leader who is alone completely and following only Uganda\u2026we want just to be free\u2026but we are not going to adopt anything but we only choose what is best for Uganda\u2026\u201d This quote is from the French Documentary \u2018General Idi Amin Dada \u2013 Autoportrait\u2019. Although one must take this documentary with a pinch of salt (it had Amin\u2019s backing and will have been edited and portrayed in the way that Amin desired) it gives an insight into the man\u2019s character and, by using material to back up what is portrayed, one can see how that gained him the support necessary to lead the 1971 coup d\u2019etat. [PAR] The quote portrays Amin as a man of the people who is following a policy he believes to be the best for Uganda and all Ugandan people. In the same film Amin says \u201cI lead my country on my best way how I want them to be lead according to my democracy, according to my knowledge and according to my thinking what is the best way of leading them and then I lead them according to that way\u2026direct contact between me and the people, no middle man \u201d. These quotes clearly highlight a message being put across by Amin that he has the people\u2019s interests at the forefront of all policies he undertakes. [PAR] Although the documentary was filmed after Amin came to power, this message was prominent during his rise to power as well. In Listowel\u2019s book; \u2018Amin\u2019, she first meets General Amin in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carthage: Ancient Phoenician City-State - Live Science Carthage: Ancient Phoenician City-State [PAR] Carthage: Ancient Phoenician City-State [PAR] By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] October 24, 2012 12:41pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Founded by a seafaring people known as the Phoenicians, the ancient city of Carthage, located in modern-day Tunis in Tunisia, was a major center of trade and influence in the western Mediterranean. The city fought a series of wars against Rome that would ultimately lead to its destruction. [PAR] The Phoenicians were originally based in a series of city-states that extended from southeast Turkey to modern-day Israel. They were great seafarers with a taste for exploration. Accounts survive of its navigators reaching places as far afield as Northern Europe and West Africa. They founded settlements throughout the Mediterranean during the first millennium B.C. [PAR] Ruins at Carthage in Tunisia. [PAR] Credit: Asta Plechaviciute shutterstock [PAR] Carthage, whose Phoenician name was Qart Hadasht (new city), was one of those new settlements. It sat astride trade routes going east to west, across the Mediterranean, and north to south, between Europe and Africa. The people spoke Punic, a form of the Phoenician language. [PAR] The two main deities at Carthage were Baal Hammon and his consort, Tanit. Richard Miles writes in his book Carthage Must Be Destroyed (Penguin Group, 2010) that the word Baal means \u201cLord\u201d or \u201cMaster,\u201d and Hammon may come from a Phoenician word meaning \u201chot\u201d or \u201cburning being.\u201d Miles notes that Baal Hammon is often depicted with a crescent moon, while Tanit, his consort, is shown with outstretched arms. [PAR] The city [PAR] The earliest archaeological evidence of occupation at Carthage dates to about 760 B.C. The settlement quickly grew to encompass a 25-30 hectare (61-74 acres) residential area surrounded by a necropolis (graveyard), notes Roald Docter, of Ghent University. [PAR] Within a century the settlement would have city walls, harbor installations and a \u201cTophet,\u201d a controversial installation in the southeast of the city that may have been used for child sacrifice (it could simply have been a special burial ground). [PAR] A great marketplace (which the Greeks called an \u201cagora\u201d) also developed and, in later centuries, was located by the sea, writes University of Sydney professor Dexter Hoyos in his book, The Carthaginians (Routledge, 2010). \u201cBesides its role as a market, it would be the obvious place for magistrates to assemble the citizens for elections and lawmaking,\u201d he writes. [PAR] By 500 B.C., the city\u2019s system of government, as suggested by the large marketplace, was a republic of sorts. Hoyos notes that the Carthaginians had two elected sufetes (the Greeks called them kings) that served along with a senate, citizen assembly and pentarchies (five-person commissions). There was also an enigmatic body called the \u201ccourt of 104\u201d that occasionally crucified defeated Carthaginian generals. [PAR] As with other ancient (and to some degree modern) republics, wealthy individuals from powerful families had the advantage in getting into office. Nevertheless, the combination of trade opportunities and republican structure appears to have had some success at Carthage. In the second century B.C., just before it was destroyed by Rome, the city boasted a population estimated at more than half a million people. [PAR] As the city grew, so did its external influence, with evidence of involvement in places such as Sardinia, Spain and Sicily, entanglements that would ultimately lead to conflict with Rome. [PAR] Legendary foundation [PAR] It wasn\u2019t unusual for large cities in the ancient world to have elaborate foundation myths, and Greek and Roman writers had a tale for Carthage, one set more than 2,800 years ago."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Victoria Map and Map of Lake Victoria Depth Size ... Lake Victoria Map and Map of Lake Victoria Depth Size History Information Page [PAR] Lake Victoria Map and Map of Lake Victoria Depth Size History Information Page [PAR] Lake Victoria [PAR] With a surface area of 68,800 sq km (26,600 sq mi), Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake. In addition, it's the largest tropical lake in the world, and the planet's second largest freshwater lake. Only North America's Lake Superior is larger. [PAR] The lake receives most of its water from direct precipitation. Its largest influent is the Kagera River, the mouth of which lies on the lake's western shore. The only river to leave the lake (flowing north) the White Nile (known as the \"Victoria Nile\"), leaves at Jinja, Uganda, on the lake's north shore [PAR] Lake Victoria is relatively shallow. It has a maximum depth of 84 metres (276 ft) and an average depth of 20 meters (66 ft). [PAR] Lake Victoria as it sits on the edge of Tanzania...[DOC] [TLE] The First Fishing Kayaks Come to the White Nile and Lake ... The First Fishing Kayaks Come to the White Nile and Lake Victoria | Kayak Fish [PAR] The First Fishing Kayaks Come to the White Nile and Lake Victoria [PAR] Trolling Africa for Nile perch is a humbling, life-changing experience [PAR] Wednesday, December 18, 2013 // 0 Comments [PAR] Tough mother scratcher Jamie Simpson stalks the White Nile for big perch [PAR] Words by Jeff D. Herman and Photos by Will Richardson and Jeff D. Herman [PAR] I am officially a criminal. I am forging international import documents. We leave for Uganda in three weeks, and our kayaks have been collecting mold in a South African customs warehouse for more than 45 days. Just in case you aren\u2019t a geography buff, that is more than half a big-ass continent away from where they need to be. To further up the ante, we are sitting on three nonrefundable plane tickets. [PAR] We\u2019ve spent more than a year planning this mission to fish for Nile Perch in waters that have never seen a kayak fisherman. Today, that adventure is on the verge of being scuppered, thanks to the woes of international shipping. The best part? I am rewriting the \u201coriginal invoice\u201d for the kayaks even though the actual invoice is affixed to the shipping crate in Port Durban South Africa. Apparently the attached invoice is not adequate\u2026 and so begins my career in international customs fraud. [PAR] Uganda began to pull at my psyche more than a year ago. That\u2019s when pro angler Jim Sammons, filmmaker Will Richardson and I first Googled Nile perch, and watched slack-jawed as picture after picture of trophy perch scrolled past. Nile perch were introduced to Uganda and Lake Victoria in the 1950s. Today these fast-growing fish provide sustenance to local fishing villages, and if you are crazy enough to try, they offer a unique recreational opportunity. The average fish is a 5- to 10-pound juvenile. If you get lucky you might pull in a 25-pounder, a 40-pounder, or even a 200-pounder. [PAR] \u201cOurs was this big!\u201d [PAR] Jan 23rd 2013 [PAR] Wheels down in Entebbe, Uganda. When we left home 36 hours ago, we still didn\u2019t have a clue whether our Ocean Kayaks would be there when we landed. Now, I\u2019ve got to know. I fire up the cell phone, risking roaming charges that could rival the national debt of a small country. My wife had been working the phones since we boarded the plane, and I nervously watch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Burton - Scholar, Explorer, Linguist - Biography.com Richard Burton - Scholar, Explorer, Linguist - Biography.com [PAR] Richard Burton [PAR] Sir Richard Burton was a British explorer and linguist. He translated The Arabian Nights, and wrote extensively about his travels in Asia, Africa and America. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous British People [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Sir Richard Burton was a British explorer and linguist. He demonstrated his talent for learning languages at an early age. By his death, he was able to speak more than 20 European, Asian and African languages. He traveled extensively, supposedly traveling in disguise to Mecca. Although much of his writing was considered too sexual to publish, he translated The Arabian Nights and the Kama Sutra. [PAR] Fact Check [PAR] We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! [PAR] Citation Information[DOC] [TLE] Arabian Nights, In - Google Books Arabian Nights, in 16 volumes: Volume XII - Google Books [PAR] Limited preview - 2008 [PAR] Common terms and phrases [PAR] abode Al-Mas'udi Al'Abbas al'Din Al'Rashid Allah Almighty Amir answered Arab arose asked bade Baghdad beauty behold betided Brahman brought Bucciolo Caliph circumcision Commander cried damsel daughter dinars dirhams door drink Dunyazad entered Eunuch eyes Faithful fared father favour fear fell fetch gave gold Hammam hand Harun al-Rashid hath head hear heard heart honour husband Iblis Ibycus Ifrit Ishak Jann jewels Jinn Kamariyah kazi king king's knew lady looked lord lover Mamelukes Mariyah matrass Maymun merchant naught night palace Persian present Prince of True Queen Quoth rejoiced replied returned sang these couplets saying Shafikah Shahba Shahrazad Shaykh sing Sir Isumbras sister slave slave-girls sleep story tale tell thee therein thine thou art thou hast thousand dinars Tohfah told took the lute unto Verily wept whereupon whilst wife wilt wine woman youth Zuhayr [PAR] About the author (2008) [PAR] Richard Francis Burton 1821-1890 Sir Richard Burton, the explorer, adventurer, translator, and student of Eastern sexual customs, was born in Torquay, England. He received an irregular education, which included an expulsion from Oxford University. In 1842 Burton enlisted in army of the East India Company and went to India, where he learned the Persian, Hindustani, Afghan, and Arabic languages. Burton was the first European to reach Harar, the religious capital of Somaliland. He was the discoverer of Lake Tanganyika and explored in the Congo, the Cameroons, Dahomey, and Brazil. He was a pioneer ethnologist and anthropologist. Burton was a linguist of dazzling ability, speaking 29 languages and 11 dialects. He wrote 43 books on his travels and two volumes of poetry. In addition to translating The Arabian Nights, he translated six volumes of Portuguese literature, two volumes of Latin poetry, and four volumes of Neapolitan, African, and Hindu folklore. Burton, together with Forster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot, created The Kama Shastra Society to print and circulate books that would be illegal to publish in public. This society fulfilled his ability to write about his deep interest in sexuality. Best known in this vein is his translation of The Kama Sutra, printed by the society in 1883. He was working on an English translation from the French edition of the arabic erotic guide called The Perfumed Garden. His manuscript entitled The Scented Garden was burned after his death by his wife, Isabel Arundel. It is rumored that Burton wanted this book to be published after his death to provide an income for Isabel, but she destroyed it in an effort to preserve his reputation. Burton died of a heart attack on October 20, 1890. Both Burton and his wife are buried"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Capital Named After a U.S. President - Infoplease World Capital Named After a U.S. President [PAR] [PAR] The Question: [PAR] There are two world capitals named for American presidents. One is Washington D.C., but what is the other? [PAR] The Answer: [PAR] The other capital city named after a U.S. president is Monrovia , the capital city of the African country Liberia . [PAR] Monrovia was founded in 1822 during the term of President James Monroe . A port city located at the mouth of the St. Paul River, Monrovia was established by the American Colonization Society as a haven for freed black slaves from America. The ACS thought that the deportation of blacks would be the answer to America's slavery problem. [PAR] The country was originally called Monrovia, but switched to the Free and Independent Republic of Liberia in 1847. [PAR] Incidentally there are four U.S. capitals named after presidents: Jackson, Miss., Lincoln, Neb., Jefferson City, Mo. and Madison, Wis. [PAR] \u2014The Editors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British brutality in Mau Mau conflict | UK news | The Guardian British brutality in Mau Mau conflict | UK news | The Guardian [PAR] UK news [PAR] British brutality in Mau Mau conflict [PAR] As Kenyan veterans prepare for legal action, secret memos reveal colonial policy of violence to break resistance of suspected guerrillas [PAR] John McGhie [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Dramatic evidence has been unearthed of such systematic British brutality in the former colony of Kenya that it may require the rewriting of imperial history. Hitherto secret files show that the then colonial secretary, Alan Lennox Boyd, sanctioned a policy of violence towards interned guerrilla suspects. [PAR] A former colonial official, Terence Gavaghan, now living in London, was, according to a memo written by the governor, Sir Evelyn Baring, authorised to use force. Some detainees allegedly had their mouths stuffed with mud and were beaten unconscious by his men. [PAR] The evidence is to be detailed on BBC's Correspondent this month to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the declaration of the state of emergency in Kenya. The revelations appear to bear out the suspicions at the time of campaigners, like the late Labour MP Barbara Castle, that massive abuses were taking place. She and others unearthed individual scandals involving security forces during the 1950s, but the Tory government, headed by Harold Macmillan, denied there was a policy of assaulting prisoners. [PAR] Mau Mau veterans are preparing to visit London next year to discuss a potentially huge legal action for compensation. A dossier of evidence was handed in to the British high commission in Nairobi a fortnight ago. Campaigners' demands include the investigation for alleged war crimes and human rights abuses of surviving former British officials. [PAR] In 1957 Mr Gavaghan was ordered to assume the position of officer in charge of rehabilitation at the Mwea camps. Virtually all members of the Kikuyu tribe had taken a secret Mau Mau \"oath\" and it was considered impossible to release these men until they had \"confessed\" taking it. A long \"secret and personal\" memo from Baring to Lennox Boyd describes how their resistance was broken. It was discovered at the public record office in Kew, west London, by Harvard history professor Caroline Elkins. [PAR] The colonial attorney general, Eric Griffiths-Jones, visited the camp. In an attached memorandum he described the treatment he witnessed of a group of 80 prisoners transferred from a holding camp. As each lorry arrived a group were \"hustled off\" and made to squat in two rows. They were met by five or six Europeans including Mr Gavaghan. Each group of detainees was ordered to strip and have their heads shorn. [PAR] \"Any who showed any reluctance or hesitation to do so were hit with fists and/or slapped with the open hand,\" he wrote. \"This was usually enough to dispel any disposition to disobey the order to change. In some cases, however, defiance was more obstinate and on the first indication of such obstinacy, three or four of the European officers immediately converged on the man and 'rough housed' him, stripping his clothes off him, hitting him, on occasion kicking him and, if necessary, putting him on the ground. Blows struck were solid, hard ones, mostly with closed fists and about the head, stomach, sides and back. There was no attempt to strike at the testicles or any other manifestations of sadistic brutality.\" [PAR] Griffiths-Jones, who had been a PoW of the Japanese during the second world war, continued: \"In each of these cases which the visiting party witnessed on this occasion..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Museums of Kenya - Karen Blixen National Museums of Kenya - Karen Blixen [PAR] Karen Blixen [PAR] Location and Historical Background [PAR] Karen Blixen Museum [PAR] Karen Blixen Museum was once the centre piece of a farm at the foot of the Ngong Hills owned by Danish Author Karen and her Swedish Husband, Baron Bror von Blixen Fincke. Located 10km from the city centre, the Museum belongs to a different time period in the history of Kenya. The farm house gained international fame with the release of the movie \u2018Out of Africa\u2019 an Oscar winning film based on Karen\u2019s an autobiography by the same title. [PAR] The Museum is open to the Public every day (9.30 am to 6pm) including weekends and public holidays. Visitors are encouraged to be at the Museum by 5.30. Guided tours are offered continuously. A museum shop offers handicrafts, posters and postcards, the Movie \u2018Out of Africa\u2019, books and other Kenyan souvenirs. The grounds may be rented for wedding receptions, corporate functions and other events. [PAR] [PAR] Baroness Karen Blixen [PAR] The Museum was built in 1912 by Swedish Engineer Ake Sjogren. Karen and her husband bought the Museum house in 1917 and it become the farm house for their 4500 acre farm, of which 600 acres was used for coffee farming. Their marriage failed after eight years and in 1921 the Baron moved on and left the running of the farm to Karen. Karen lived at the house until her return to Denmark in 1931. The house farm was bought by Remy Marin, who broke the land into 20 acre parcels for development. Subsequent development created the present suburb of Karen. Records indicate that a Lt. Col.G. Lloyd, an officer of the British Army bought the house in 1935 and lived there until his death in 1954, when it passed to his daughters, Mrs. G. Robersts and Lavender Llyod. A transfer of title to Mrs. J.P Robson and Mrs L.B. Hyde is in City Hall records in 1956. The house was sporadically occupied until purchased in 1964 by the Danish government and given to the Kenyan government as an independence gift. [PAR] The government set up a college of nutrition and the Museum was initially used as the principal\u2019s house. In 1985 the shooting of a movie based on Karen\u2019s autobiography began and the National Museums of Kenya expressed acquired the house for the purpose of establishing a Museum. The Museum was opened in 1986. [PAR] Distant View of Karen Blixen [PAR] Karen also known by her pen name Isak Dinesen was born at Rungstedlund in Denmark on 17th of April 1885 as the second child of Wilhelm and Ingeborg Dinesen\u2019s five children. She came to Africa in 1914 to marry her half cousin and carry out dairy farming in the then British Colony of Kenya. Her husband had however changed his mind and wanted to farm coffee. Her uncle Aage Westenholz financed the farm and members of both families were share holders. The coffee farm did not do well, suffering various tragedies including factory fire and continuous bad harvest. After her divorce, Karen was left to run the financially troubled farm on her own, a daunting task for a woman of that generation. She fell in love with an English man, Denis Finch Hatton, and his death in Tsavo in 1930 coupled with the failed farming left Karen little choice but to return to Denmark. She turned to writing as a career following her departure from Africa and published to increasing acclaim such works as Seven Gothic Tales(1934) Out of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Profile - Nigeria - INADEV Profile - Nigeria [PAR] [PAR] I INTRODUCTION [PAR] Nigeria, republic in western Africa, bounded by Cameroon to the east, Chad to the northeast, Niger to the north, Benin to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Until 1991, the capital was the largest city, Lagos, on the southwestern coast; at that time, the new city of Abuja, in the country\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds interior, became capital. Nigeria has a federal form of government and is divided into 36 states and a federal capital territory. The country's official name is the Federal Republic of Nigeria. [PAR] Nigeria is by far the most populated of Africa\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds countries. Its many ethnic groups give the country a rich culture but also pose major challenges to nation building. The economy is dominated by the production of petroleum, which lies in large reserves below the Niger Delta. While oil wealth has financed major investments in the country\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds infrastructure, Nigeria remains among the world\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds 20 poorest countries in terms of per capita income. In precolonial times, the area was home to several kingdoms and tribal communities; in spite of European contact that began in the 16th century, they maintained their autonomy until the 19th century. The colonial era began in earnest in the late 19th century, when Britain consolidated its rule over Nigeria. In 1914 the British merged their northern and southern protectorates into a single state called the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria became independent of British rule in 1960. Since then, the country has endured decades of on-and-off military rule. [PAR] II LAND AND RESOURCES [PAR] Nigeria covers an area of 923,768 sq km (356,669 sq mi). At its widest, it measures about 1,200 km (about 750 mi) from east to west and about 1,050 km (about 650 mi) from north to south. The country\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds topography ranges from lowlands along the coast and in the lower Niger Valley to high plateaus in the north and mountains along the eastern border. Much of the country is laced with productive rivers. The Nigerian ecology varies from tropical forest in the south to dry savanna in the far north, yielding a diverse mix of plant and animal life. Human population and development pose serious threats to both the ecological and the human environment. [PAR] A Topographic Regions [PAR] The broad, mostly level valleys of the Niger and Benue rivers form Nigeria\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds largest physical region. The Niger enters the country from the northwest, the Benue from the northeast; they join at the city of Lokoja in the south central region and continue south, where they empty into the Atlantic at the Niger Delta. Together, they form the shape of a Y. Population densities and agricultural development are generally lower in the Niger and Benue valleys than in other areas. North of the Niger Valley are the high plains of Hausaland, an area of relatively level topography averaging about 800 m (about 2,500 ft) above sea level, with isolated granite outcroppings. The Jos Plateau, located close to Nigeria\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds geographic center, rises steeply above the surrounding plains to an average elevation of about 1,300 m (about 4,200 ft). To the northeast, the plains of Hausaland grade into the basin of Lake Chad; the area is characterized by somewhat lower elevations, level terrain, and sandy soils. To the northwest, the high plains descend into the Sokoto lowland. [PAR] Southwest of the Niger Valley (on the left side of the Y) lies the comparatively rugged terrain of the Yoruba highlands. Between the highlands and the ocean runs a coastal plain averaging 80 km (50 mi) in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Please help here. Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or ... Please help here. Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or 2,050 miles long? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Please help here. Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or 2,050 miles long? [PAR] This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Please help here. [PAR] Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or 2,050 miles long? [PAR] georgetutor posted a question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:24am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:25am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] May 20, 2016 at 2:26am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627399) ]} [PAR] May 20, 2016 at 2:27am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627412) ]} [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627414) ]} [PAR] After working on your question, I... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627421) ]} [PAR] The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627422) ]} [PAR] The answer to this question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627456) ]} [PAR] Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627484) ]} [PAR] The best way to approach your question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29628303) ]} [PAR] Here is the solution... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29635093) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need an US History tutor? [PAR] profjanee [PAR] 2 US History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 1 min [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] THE GREAT WALL - UALR \ufffd\ufffd\u0011\u0871\u001a\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000\ufffd\ufffd 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\u0000\u0000\u0000` \ufffdv\u0013}\ufffd\u0001 \u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000h\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0004\u0002\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000THE GREAT WALL The Great Wall is one of China=s famous landmarks. In this lesson you are going to prepare a graphic organizer using information about the Great Wall and do an activity comparing the length of the Great Wall to some world features. I. Graphic Organizer The Great Wall (Wanli Chang Cheng or The Wall That is Ten Thousand Li in Length) Physical Properties History Present Day Uses stretches 4500 miles first wall was completed in Today the wall is 214 BC and was rammed a tourist attraction. series of walls built & rebuilt earth construction Wall has evolved into a boon to averages 6-8m (20-26 ft) in height Wall that exists until present prosperity & a rising to 16m (52 ft) in some places day was built during the Ming symbol of Chinese Dynasty (1368-1644) ingenuity and will 6-7m (20-23 ft) wide at the top Built as a protection against battlements and watch towers the Mongols, a people who had tourist sites are at been expelled from China after Badaling, Mutianyu, watch towers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gang of Four Trial - University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City Gang of Four Trial [PAR] For additional information about the trial and a Chinese language version of this account, see: http://zhenghaiping.fyfz.cn/ [PAR] [PAR] The Gang of Four (GoF) was the name given to a leftist political group composed of four Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members. They wielded significant power during China\u2019s Cultural Revolution (1966-76) and were subsequently charged of various crimes. Their trial in late 1980 represented a significant change in China\u2019s history since the founding of P.R.C. in 1949. [PAR] [PAR] The Gang of Four at trial. From left to right: Zhang Chunqiao,Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan, Jiangqing. (1980/11/20) [PAR] [PAR] I. Background [PAR] In 1966, Mao Zendong, the Chairman of the CCP, launched the Cultural Revolution, the proclaimed aim of which was to \u201croot out and right-wing capitalist who infiltrated the party.\u201d In the following ten years or so, millions of \u201cRed Guards\u201d (mostly young people) across the country were mobilized to destroy the \u201cright-wing capitalists\u201d --- mostly the intelligentsia and bureaucrats. While Mao was worshiped like a \u201cliving God,\u201d almost all the high-level officials who disagreed with Mao were persecuted. [PAR] During the Cultural Revolution, the GoF, representing the leftist political faction within the CCP, essentially became the central mobilizing force at the National level. The leading figure of the GoF was Jiangqing, Mao\u2019s third and last wife, who became a member of the Politburo in 1969. Her three other associates were all high-level officials by 1976 ---- Zhang Chuanqiao was a vice-Primer Minister of the State Council, Wang Hongwen was vice-chairman of CCP, Yao Wenyuan was a Sectary of CCP in Shanghai. They also held many other positions in the Party, government and even military. [PAR] Immediately after Mao\u2019s Death on December 9, 1976, a power struggle occurred between the \u201cleftists\u201d GoF and the \u201crightists\u201d--- an alliance led by Deng Xiaoping and Marshall Ye Jianying. At that time, the nominal \u201chead\u201d of the country was Hua Guofeng, who was Mao\u2019s designated successor. Although Hua was clearly faithful to Mao, it was unclear whether he would support the \u201cleftist\u201d or the \u201crightist.\u201d Indeed, Mao chose Hua as his successor largely because Hua was a compromise candidate between the \u201cleftists\u201d and \u201crightists.\u201d Upon Mao\u2019s death, both sides attempted to convince or even coerce Hua to surrender power to them. The GoF were particularly aggressive. With effective control over the State\u2019s media, the GoF continued to denounce Deng and his \u201crightist\u201d ally. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The top leaders of China standing before Mao's remains after Mao's death on Sep. 9, 1976. From left to right: Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Jiang Qing, Hua Guofeng, Mao Yuanxin, Yao Wenyuan, Chen Xillian, Wang Dongxing. (1976/9/12) [PAR] [PAR] After almost three weeks\u2019 struggle, Hua finally leaned toward the \u201crightist\u201d side. He consented to Marshall Ye\u2019s suggestion to arrest the GoF. However, they knew it was not an easy task. The GoF had certain control in military. Being aware the risk, Hua and Ye secretly worked out a detailed \u201ckidnap\u201d plan. [PAR] [PAR] II. Arrest [PAR] In the evening of October 6, 1976, each member of the GoF was informed to attend an emergency session of the Politburo. The session was to take place in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. As several important issues were to be discussed, all Politburo members were required to attend the session. [PAR] Some time between 7:55 PM and 8:30 PM on that day, the members of GoF came to the Great Hall of People. One by one, they were apprehended by military personnel as soon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which was the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games? Which was the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games? [PAR] Which was the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games? [PAR] 1 Answer [PAR] 0 [PAR] The first Olympic Games were held in 1896, in Athens, in which a total of 245 athletes participated, all men. Since then, London and Los Angeles along with Athens have hosted these games two times each. The first opening ceremonies were held during the 1908 Olympic Games in London. In 2008, Beijing will host the Summer Olympic Games. 2- In 2012, London will be the only city to host Olympic Games three times (1908, 1948 and 2012). 3- The first Asian city to host the Olympic Games was Tokyo in 1964. After that, Seoul hosted these games in 1988. In 2008, Beijing will be the third Asian city to host these games. 4- To date, 16 European cities, six cities from the Americas, two Australian cities, and three Asian cities have hosted the Olympic Games. 5- The first Olympic Games were held in 776 BC, and the last of that era in 393 AD, when the Christian Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I abolished them. The Ancient Greek Olympics were held every 4 years at Olympia, a district of Elis, in ... more [PAR] answers.yahoo.com[DOC] [TLE] North Korea and the 1988 Seoul Olympics - Wilson Center Sport and Politics on the Korean Peninsula - North Korea and the 1988 Seoul Olympics | Wilson Center [PAR] Sport and Politics on the Korean Peninsula - North Korea and the 1988 Seoul Olympics [PAR] Sport and Politics on the Korean Peninsula - North Korea and the 1988 Seoul Olympics [PAR] Dec 12, 2011 [PAR] [Click to Skip to Document List Below] [PAR] On September 30, 1981, members of the International Olympic Committee, meeting in Baden-Baden, Germany, to select the host city of the 1988 Summer Olympics, unexpectedly voted (52 to 27) to award the Games to Seoul, upsetting the only other candidate, Nagoya. Plagued for some years by various problems, ranging from insolvency (Montreal, 1976) to boycott (Montreal, 1976 and Moscow, 1980), the Games were at the low ebb of their international popularity, which was one reason why the Baden-Baden decision drew only cursory attention of the international media. While socialist countries protested, few others, with the exception of South Korea, where the vote set off jubilant celebrations took notice\u2014except perhaps for those who read as far as the H-section (World News) of The Washington Post, which cautiously commented on October 4: \u201cSouth Korea's successful bid to host the 1988 summer Olympics in Seoul appears to have moved the country's leadership a step closer to goals of enhancing its image internationally and consolidating political power at home.\u201d [2] [PAR] In retrospect, the Washington Post piece was mildly put. But who could have made a better prediction? In 1981 South Korea suffered from economic woes and political instability. Less than two years earlier, General Chun Doo-hwan had seized power in a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, and soon presided over a massacre of student demonstrators in Gwangju and the imprisonment of the opposition activist Kim Dae-jung. South Korea, by then far more prosperous than its Communist nemesis in the north, was not a member of the United Nations, and had no diplomatic relations with the socialist bloc. It existed in a state of a permanent war-scare: armed yet insecure, menaced by the militant North and by restive domestic opponents of the undemocratic regime. Under these circumstances, it was anyone\u2019s guess how the Games would turn out; after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hirohito - World War II - HISTORY.com Hirohito - World War II - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Hirohito: The Early Years [PAR] Hirohito, the eldest son of Crown Prince Yoshihito, was born on April 29, 1901, within the confines of the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo. According to custom, imperial family members were not raised by their parents. Instead, Hirohito spent his early years in the care of first a retired vice-admiral and then an imperial attendant. From age 7 to 19, Hirohito attended schools set up for the children of nobility. He received rigorous instruction in military and religious matters, along with other subjects such as math and physics. In 1921, Hirohito and a 34-man entourage traveled to Western Europe for a six-month tour; it was the first time a Japanese crown prince had ever gone abroad. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Hirohito\u2019s son Akihito, the current emperor of Japan, broke with 1,500 years of tradition by marrying a commoner in 1959. [PAR] Upon his return to Japan, Hirohito became regent for his chronically ill father and assumed the duties of emperor. In September 1923, an earthquake struck the Tokyo area, killing about 100,000 people and destroying 63 percent of the city\u2019s houses. Rampaging Japanese mobs subsequently murdered several thousand ethnic Koreans and leftists, who were accused of setting fires and looting in the quake\u2019s aftermath. That December, Hirohito survived an assassination attempt, and the following month he married Princess Nagako, with whom he would have seven children. At around the same time, he ended the practice of imperial concubinage. Hirohito officially became emperor when his father died in December 1926. He chose Showa, which roughly translates to \u201cenlightened harmony,\u201d as his reign name. [PAR] Hirohito as Emperor and the Rise of Japanese Militarism [PAR] When Hirohito assumed the throne, a universal male suffrage law had just passed, and political parties were near the height of their prewar powers. However, a plunging economy, rising militarism and a series of political assassinations soon caused a crisis for the pro-democracy movement. Hirohito, who as emperor was the nation\u2019s highest spiritual authority and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, essentially fired the prime minister in 1929. The next prime minister was shot and mortally wounded, and in 1932 yet another prime minister was assassinated by naval officers upset about a treaty limiting the number of Japanese warships. From then on, almost all prime ministers came from the military rather than from the political parties, which were disbanded altogether in 1940. More political violence occurred in 1935, when a lieutenant colonel slashed a general to death with a samurai sword. And in 1936, over 1,400 soldiers mutinied in Tokyo, seizing the army ministry and murdering several high-ranking politicians. [PAR] Meanwhile, Japan\u2019s conflict with China was growing. In 1931, Japanese army officers initiated the so-called Manchurian Incident by detonating a railway explosion and blaming it on Chinese bandits. They then used the event as an excuse to take over Manchuria in northeastern China and set up a puppet state there. Excursions into other areas of the country soon followed, and by 1937 war had broken out. That winter, the Japanese army massacred an estimated 200,000 civilians and prisoners of war in and around the city of Nanking. Rape is thought to have been commonplace, and women throughout Japanese-controlled regions of Asia were brought in to serve as prostitutes. Hirohito did not condone the invasion\u2019s more repugnant aspects, but\u2014perhaps because he worried the military would make him abdicate\u2014he failed to punish those responsible. He also sanctioned the use of chemical warfare and the uprooting of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Riyadh, capital city of Saudi Arabia Riyadh, capital city of Saudi Arabia [PAR] All... [PAR] Riyadh, capital city of Saudi Arabia [PAR] Once nothing more than a dusty, desert outpost, Riyadh has blossomed into one of the most influential and intriguing cities in the Middle East. The Saudi Arabian capital is home to soaring modern towers, high-rise hotels, fabulous fine dining and considerable culture. Although luxury cars speed down the boulevards and sparkling office buildings are added to the cityscape seemingly every day, Riyadh still maintains a conservative, slightly somber atmosphere. This juxtaposition only makes the capital even more interesting. [PAR] The National Museum is hands-down one of the Middle East's best museums. The state-of-the-art space contains eight floors of galleries dedicated to Arabia's art, history and culture. Highlights include original rock carvings, a full-scale replica of a Nabataean tomb and the 180-degree screens that show films complementing the exhibits. Visitors leave the museum with a better understanding of Saudi Arabia and a context for appreciating Riyadh even more. [PAR] Remnants of Riyadh's simple past still survive, although oil money has launched massive building projects in the last three decades. The most significant historic sight in the city is the imposing Masmak Fortress, once the heart of the old town. Built in the late 19th-century and stormed by King Abdul Aziz just years later, the fort was renovated in 2008 and today contains a museum filled with fascinating photos of old Riyadh. The museum's second half is dedicated to extolling all the virtues of Saudi education, architecture, art and agriculture. [PAR] Permits were once required to explore the Murabba Palace, but visitors are now free to roam the mud-brick palace constructed by King Abdul Aziz following his conquest of the Masmak Fortress. The intimidating exterior gives way to two stories of marvelous objects, including the first royal Rolls-Royce. [PAR] After getting a taste of the city's past, fast-forward to the present day by visiting the Al-Faisaliah Tower, built in 2000 by architect Norman Foster and the Bin Laden construction company. Marked by an enormous shining glass globe made of more than 650 panels, the stunning structure was one of the first to tower above the city's skyline. The 34 floors are filled with some of Saudi Arabia's most luxurious restaurants, apartments, shops and a five-star deluxe hotel. From the viewing platform, visitors can see nearly the entire city. [PAR] The capital's newest landmark is the Kingdom Tower, rising 302 meters above the ground. The incredible example of modern architecture is especially breathtaking at night, when constantly-changing colored lights illuminate its steel and glass design. High-speed elevators fly visitors to the 99th-floor Sky Bridge at 180 kilometers per hour, offering unbelievable views of the city. [PAR] Riyadh is a shopper's paradise, and the main roads are lined with one mall after another. Women can shop on the third floor Ladies Kingdom at Al Mamlaka without being disturbed by men, designer stores are abundant and most malls contain at least one Western-style department store. For a more traditional shopping experience, head to the Souq al-Thumairi. The maze of shops selling Arabic coffees, spices, carpets, jewelry and more is positively enthralling. [PAR] Riyadh Geographical Location [PAR] Riyadh is located to the east of the center of Saudi Arabia on a plateau. It is its largest city and has a population of approximately 6,800,000 within the metropolitan area. [PAR] Riyadh Language [PAR] Arabic is the official language of Saudi Arabia. [PAR] Riyadh Predominant Religion [PAR] 100% Muslim [PAR] Islam is the official religion of Saudi Arabia. Muslims who convert to another religion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vientiane is the Capital of What Country? Where is Laos ... Vientiane is the Capital of What Country? Where is Laos Anyway? - Peanuts or Pretzels [PAR] Share This Tweet This Free Gift! [PAR] Get updates via email (we don't spam) & get a FREE Gift! [PAR] We\u2019ve been in Asia for almost a couple years now. And when we recently told our friends and family that we were planning to travel from Bangkok to Vientiane, there was a noticeable silence. \u201cVientiane \u2013 what is that?\u201d they asked us. \u201cIt\u2019s a capital city in southeast Asia\u201d we told them. \u201cVientiane is the capital of what country?\u201d they uttered. \u201cLaos,\u201d we replied. \u201cWhere is Laos?\u201d [PAR] *sigh* We knew this was going to be a long conversation. [PAR] They were genuinely confused, as I\u2019m sure many people might be. Most people know about Vietnam, Thailand and even Cambodia \u2013 but few have any idea about Laos. So we decided to put a little something together to sum up some of the things to do in Vientiane and why we were heading to Laos. [PAR] Strolling the riverside promenade and restaurants of Vientiane, Laos [PAR] Most Travelers Skip by Vientiane \u2014 but It\u2019s Definitely Worth a few Days [PAR] For those people who know about Laos and the natural beauty it offers visitors, they can understand why we have Laos on our travel list. But Vientiane? [PAR] While Vientiane is the capital of a truly beautiful country, the city is often skipped by travelers who are heading off to more scenic and adventurous areas, such as Vang Vieng or Luang Prabang. [PAR] However after spending a few days in Vientiane, we are convinced that travelers who have the time, should at least spend a couple days in this charming capital city. Especially if it is your first stop in Laos (as it was for us). [PAR] Where is Vientiane, Laos? [PAR] Vientiane, Laos is practically in the center of southeast Asia. The city is just over the border from Thailand and sits along the famous Mekong river. From Bangkok, you would need to travel east, then north \u2013 past Udon Thani toward the Mekong. [PAR] While you can fly into Vientiane, many travelers who are roaming around southeast Asia prefer to arrive by bus or train. We were coming from Bangkok , so we opted to take the overnight train from Bangkok to Vientiane. It actually goes to Nong Kai, at the border of Thailand just before the river. Then you hop on another train that goes just over the border. [PAR] However, the city of Vientiane is actually another 20 km away from the train station. So you need to get on a minibus or tuk-tuk into the heart of the city. [PAR] Vientiane Surprised Us \u2013 In a Good Way! [PAR] Having never been in Laos before, we weren\u2019t sure what to expect. We\u2019ve been to Thailand numerous times, and even lived there for some time. So we are familiar with Thailand, but we knew that Laos was much more rural and less developed. To be honest, we were looking forward to this change \u2014 experiencing Laos is almost like experiencing what Thailand was like many years ago\u2026before all the mass tourism and development took over so many areas. [PAR] We knew little about Laos, only that it had some French influence and a bit of a tumultuous past. But upon our morning of arrival, we were already in love with this capital city that actually feels like a small town. [PAR] In Vientiane we spotted some monks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia,and Georgia in the 14th Century? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia,and Georgia in the 14th Century? [PAR] This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia,and Georgia in the 14th Century? [PAR] danieldambuki posted a question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:31am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:32am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here is the solution... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627493) ]} [PAR] Here is the explanation for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627498) ]} [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627505) ]} [PAR] hamniwezi answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:33am [PAR] Mongol conquests of Kingdom of Georgia, which at that time consisted of Georgia proper, Armenia, and much of the Caucasus,... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627511) ]} [PAR] egerton536 answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:34am [PAR] Mongol conquests of Kingdom of Georgia, which at that time consisted of Georgia proper, Armenia, and much of the Caucasus,... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627516) ]} [PAR] Timur historically known as Tamerlane was the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627547) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need an US History tutor? [PAR] Miss-white [PAR] 2 US History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The United States and Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 Iran Chamber Society: History of Iran: The United States and Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 [PAR] The United States and Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 [PAR] By: Stephen R. Shalom [PAR] Page: 1 2 Page 1 [PAR] The war between Iran and Iraq was one of the great human tragedies of recent Middle Eastern history. Perhaps as many as a million people died, many more were wounded, and millions were made refugees. The resources wasted on the war exceeded what the entire Third World spent on public health in a decade.[1] [PAR] The war began on September 22, 1980, when Iraqi troops launched a full-scale invasion of Iran. Prior to this date there had been subversion by each country inside the other and also major border clashes. Iraq hoped for a lightning victory against an internationally isolated neighbor in the throes of revolutionary upheaval. But despite Iraq's initial successes, the Iranians rallied and, using their much larger population, were able by mid-1982 to push the invaders out. In June 1982, the Iranians went over to the offensive, but Iraq, with a significant advantage in heavy weaponry, was able to prevent a decisive Iranian breakthrough. The guns finally fell silent on August 20, 1988. [PAR] Primary responsibility for the eight long years of bloodletting must rest with the governments of the two countries -- the ruthless military regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq and the ruthless clerical regime of the Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran. Khomeini was said by some to have a \"martyr complex,\" though, as U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance wryly observed, people with martyr complexes rarely live to be as old as Khomeini. Whatever his complexes, Khomeini had no qualms about sending his followers, including young boys, off to their deaths for his greater glory. This callous disregard for human life was no less characteristic of Saddam Hussein. And, for that matter, it was also no less characteristic of much of the world community, which not only couldn't be bothered by a few hundred thousand Third World corpses, but tried to profit from the conflict. [PAR] France became the major source of Iraq's high-tech weaponry, in no small part to protect its financial stake in that country.[2] The Soviet Union was Iraq's largest weapon's supplier, while jockeying for influence in both capitals. Israel provided arms to Iran, hoping to bleed the combatants by prolonging the war. And at least ten nations sold arms to both of the warring sides.[3] [PAR] The list of countries engaging in despicable behavior, however, would be incomplete without the United States. The U.S. objective was not profits from the arms trade, but the much more significant aim of controlling to the greatest extent possible the region's oil resources. Before turning to U.S. policy during the Iran-Iraq war, it will be useful to recall some of the history of the U.S. and oil. [PAR] Some Crude History [PAR] Much of the world's proven oil reserves are located in the limited area of the Persian Gulf (in recent years Arab states trying to change this historic name to the \"Arabian Gulf\"). [PAR] Less than four percent of U.S. oil consumption comes from the Persian Gulf, but, according to the official argument, Western Europe and Japan are extremely dependent on Persian Gulf oil and hence if the region fell into the hands of a hostile power, U.S. allies could be brought to their knees, and U.S. security would be fundamentally and irreparably compromised. If one examines the history of U.S. policy in the Persian Gulf, however, protecting the oil interests of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] which body of water lies between China and Japan? A ... which body of water lies between China and Japan? A) yellow sea B) sea of Japan C) east china sea D) korea strait [PAR] You have new items in your feed. Click to view. [PAR] Question and answer [PAR] which body of water lies between China and Japan? A) yellow sea B) sea of Japan C) east china sea D) korea strait [PAR] The answer is Sea of Japan. Letter B [PAR] Expert answered| ahbynaz |Points 110| [PAR] which body of water lies between China and Japan? A) yellow sea B) sea of Japan C) east china sea D) korea strait [PAR] New answers [PAR] There are no new answers. [PAR] Comments [PAR] Weegy: Muslims may have made their great es advanced in medicine. the combined Greek and India knowledge with discoveries of their own. Muslims doctors stared the first pharmacy school to teacher people how to make medicine's. (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] what is the name of the common feature of Muslim architecture? [PAR] Weegy: what is the name of the common feature of Muslim architecture? It is called minaret. A minaret is a slim tower rising from a mosque. They vary in height, style, and number. [ Minarets may be square, round, or octagonal and are usually covered with a pointed roof. Originally used as a high point from which to make the call to prayer (adhan), minarets remain a traditionally decorative feature of most mosques. ] (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] describe what would most likely be found on most Muslim works of art [PAR] Weegy: Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations.[1] It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers [ many lands and various peoples over some 1400 years; it is not art specifically of a religion, or of a time, or of a place, or of a single medium like painting.[2] The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article, leaving fields as varied as calligraphy, painting, glass, ceramics, and textiles, among others. Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art, but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well. It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon, if not forbidden, by some Islamic theologians.[3] Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions, specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art, with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains. Figurative painting may cover religious scenes, but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry. The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qu'rans is an important aspect, but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles (e.g. Girih tiles), woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art, although with religious inscriptions even more prominent. Read more; ] (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] what would most likely be found on most Muslim works of art? [PAR] Weegy: As indicated in Background Notes 4, the decorative arts in Islam are marked by a remarkable degree of stylistic consistency which has been applied to a broad range of materials, each of which had a craft-base of its own, [ the history of which often traces back to pre-Islamic times."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Biblical Cities Of Tyre And Sidon The Biblical Cities Of Tyre And Sidon [PAR] The Biblical Cities Of Tyre And Sidon [PAR] Non-Technical - Jan 26, 2010 - by Gary Byers MA [PAR] Share/recommend this article: [PAR] Excerpt The names Tyre and Sidon were famous in the ancient Near East. They are also important cities in the Old and New Testaments. Both are now located in Lebanon, with Tyre 20 mi south of Sidon and only 12 mi north of the Israel-Lebanon border. Today each is just a shadow of their former selves... Continue reading [PAR] Explore [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Gemstone depicting Alexander the Great found at Tel Dor Excavations in Tel Dor have turned up a rare and unexpected work of Hellenistic art: a precious ston... Ezekiel 26:1-14: A Proof Text For Inerrancy or Fallibility of The Old Testament? This article seeks to give Ezekiel 26:1\u201314 a close reading. Special emphasis will be given to its li... The Tyrian Shekel and the Temple of Jerusalem Every year, a Jewish man, 20 years old and older, paid a voluntary half shekel Temple tax to the Jer... [PAR] Tags [PAR] Support [PAR] Like this artice? [PAR] Our Ministry relies on the generosity of people like you. Every small donation helps us develop and publish great articles. [PAR] Please support ABR! [PAR] This article was first published in the Fall 2002 issue of Bible and Spade. [PAR] The names Tyre and Sidon were famous in the ancient Near East. They are also important cities in the Old and New Testaments. Both are now located in Lebanon, with Tyre 20 mi south of Sidon and only 12 mi north of the Israel-Lebanon border. Today each is just a shadow of their former selves. [PAR] Sidon, called Saida today (Arabic for \u201cfishing\u201d), was named after the firstborn son of Canaan (Gn 10:15) and probably settled by his descendants. The northern border of ancient Canaan extended to Sidon (Gn 10:19). Later, Jacob spoke of it as the boundary of Zebulun (Gn 49:13) and Joshua included it as part of the land promised to Israel (Jos 13:6). Sidon was included in the inheritance of Asher, on its northern boundary (Jos 19:28), but it was not taken by that tribe in conquest (Jgs 1:31, 3:3). Settled from the beginning as a port city, Sidon was built on a promontory with a nearby offshore island that sheltered the harbor from storms. [PAR] Twenty mi south of Sidon, in the middle of a coastal plain, Tyre (called Sour in Arabic today) was constructed on a rock island a few hundred yards out into the Mediterranean (Ward 1997:247). In fact, the city took its name from this rock island. Tyre comes from the Semetic sr (Hebrew Sor, Arabic Sur, Babylonian Surru, Egyptian Dr,) meaning rock. [PAR] The port of ancient Sidon is believed to have been located in this area. The Sea Castle in the harbor today was originally built as a Crusader fort to protect the harbor. It is believed the Castle sits over the site of the Phoenician temple to Melkart. Michael Luddeni [PAR] Located at the foot of some of the Lebanese mountain\u2019s southwestern ridges and near the gorge of the ancient Leontes River (the modern Litani), the rich and well-watered plain became the fortified island\u2019s primary source or food, water, wood and other living essentials. Apparently the island was fortified first and called Tyre, while the coastal city directly opposite was settled later. It was originally called Ushu in cuneiform texts (Ward 1997:247) and later Palaetyrus (\u201cold Tyre\u201d) in Greek texts (Jidejian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] West Bank | Define West Bank at Dictionary.com West Bank | Define West Bank at Dictionary.com [PAR] West Bank [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] an area in the Middle East, between the W bank of the Jordan River and the E frontier of Israel: occupied in 1967 and subsequently claimed by Israel; formerly held by Jordan. [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for West Bank [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] But Serry said events had reached a critical point in the West Bank and cautioned that a collapse would leave Israel accountable. [PAR] Serbia and Croatia\u2019s Competing Genocide Claims Adam LeBor March 10, 2014 [PAR] Some courses of action are clear: Israel should halt all construction in the West Bank. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for West Bank [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] the West Bank, a semi-autonomous Palestinian region in the Middle East on the W bank of the River Jordan, comprising the hills of Judaea and Samaria and part of Jerusalem: formerly part of Palestine (the entity created by the League of Nations in 1922 and operating until 1948): became part of Jordan after the ceasefire of 1949: occupied by Israel since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. In 1993 a peace treaty between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization provided for the West Bank to become a self-governing Palestinian area; a new Palestinian National Authority assumed control of parts of the territory in 1994\u201395, but subsequent talks broke down and Israel reoccupied much of this in 2001\u201302 and continues to maintain most existing Israeli settlements. Pop: 2 676 740 (2013 est). Area: 5879 sq km (2270 sq miles) [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for West Bank [PAR] Expand [PAR] in reference to the former Jordanian territory west of the River Jordan, 1967. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper [PAR] Expand [PAR] West Bank definition [PAR] Land on the west bank of the Jordan River , formerly in the hands of Jordan , but captured by Israel in the Six-Day War of 1967. Israel has agreed to hand over part of the West Bank to the Palestinian Authority , but the Israeli government has been widely criticized for continuing to move civilian settlers as well as soldiers into the area. In 2001, in response to terrorist suicide bombings (see terrorism ), Israel staged heavy military strikes against Palestinian cities in the West Bank. [PAR] The American Heritage\u00ae New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. [PAR] Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Jordan river west bank | Article about Jordan river west ... Jordan river west bank | Article about Jordan river west bank by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Jordan river west bank | Article about Jordan river west bank by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Jordan+river+west+bank [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] West Bank, [PAR] territory, formerly part of Palestine Palestine [PAR] , historic region on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, at various times comprising parts of modern Israel, the West Bank and Gaza (recognized internationally by nations as independent Palestine), Jordan, and Egypt; also known as the Holy Land. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , after 1949 administered by Jordan, since 1967 largely occupied by Israel (2005 est. pop. 2,386,000), 2,165 sq mi (5,607 sq km), west of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Intro (English) to the Resolutions of Cape of Good Hope ... Intro (English) to the Resolutions of Cape of Good Hope / History of the Cape of Good Hope [PAR] of the Council of Policy of Cape of Good Hope [PAR] History of the Cape of Good Hope [PAR] A Portuguese discovers the sea route from Europe to India [PAR] In August 1486 the Portuguese navigator, Bartholomeu Dias, set sail from the Tagus River at Lisbon with his fleet of two small vessels and a cargo ship. The objective of his journey was to sail round the southern point of Africa in order find a seaway and a trade route to India . At Angra Pequena (now L\u00fcderitzbucht , Namibia ) he erected a cross. Then a tremendous storm forced his ships off course and he and his crew did not reach land until they entered the bay, which is known today as Mossel Bay . It was then that Dias realised that they had already passed the tip of Africa and had actually discovered the sea route to the East. The indigenous Khoi pastoralists fled when they saw the ships entering the bay. On the island of St. Croix near Algoa Bay he also erected a cross and probably kept on sailing until they reached the Fish River in the present Eastern Cape . There the small fleet had to turn back because of insufficient supplies on board. On his return voyage Dias, elated by the realisation of having discovered the sea route to India , changed the name Cabo Tormentoso \u2018cape of storms\u2019 to Cabo da boa Esperanza \u2018cape of good hope\u2019. [PAR] Portugal continued the expansion of its Indian empire and Portuguese fleets to the East regularly passed the Cape . In 1498 Vasco da Gama named the above-mentioned bay where Dias landed Aguada de S\u00e2o Bras \u2018fountain-head of St. Blaize\u2019. On his voyage to India (1501-1502) Jo\u00e2o de Nova and his fleet also visited the bay and in his turn he named it Golfo dos Vaqueiros \u2018bay of herdsmen\u2019. He also built a small chapel, the first Christian structure erected in South Africa . De Nova continued his journey and reached Rio de la Goa \u2018river of the lake\u2019, the place that was named in 1544 by Louren\u00e7o Marques after himself. In 1503 one of the three squadrons belonging to this fleet was under the command of Antonio de Saldanha who made a navigational error and eventually reached the bay now known as Table Bay . In March 1510 the Portuguese viceroy Francisco d\u2019 Almeida who had just established Portuguese authority in the Indian Ocean, and a number of his high-ranking officers were killed in Table Bay during a skirmish with a group of Khoi. The inhospitable coastline of Southern Africa was the most important reason why the Portuguese rulers were not interested in occupying this country."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Should it be Burma or Myanmar? BBC News - Should it be Burma or Myanmar? [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Should it be Burma or Myanmar? [PAR] WHO, WHAT, WHY? [PAR] The Magazine answers... [PAR] 'Burma' to the pro-democracy camp [PAR] Protest marches in Burma have entered a ninth day. But why is the country not known in the UK by its official name, Myanmar? [PAR] The eyes of the world's media are focused on Rangoon, where tensions are rising in the streets, yet news organisations and nations differ in what they call the country. [PAR] The ruling military junta changed its name from Burma to Myanmar in 1989, a year after thousands were killed in the suppression of a popular uprising. Rangoon also became Yangon. [PAR] THE ANSWER [PAR] It's known as Myanmar in many countries and at the UN [PAR] But the UK doesn't recognise the legitimacy of the regime that changed the name [PAR] The Adaptation of Expression Law also introduced English language names for other towns, some of which were not ethnically Burmese. [PAR] The change was recognised by the United Nations, and by countries such as France and Japan, but not by the United States and the UK. [PAR] A statement by the Foreign Office says: \"Burma's democracy movement prefers the form 'Burma' because they do not accept the legitimacy of the unelected military regime to change the official name of the country. Internationally, both names are recognised.\" [PAR] It's general practice at the BBC to refer to the country as Burma, and the BBC News website says this is because most of its audience is familiar with that name rather than Myanmar. The same goes for Rangoon, people in general are more familiar with this name than Yangon. [PAR] But look in a Lonely Planet guidebook to Asia and the country can be found listed after Mongolia, not Brunei. The Rough Guide does not cover Burma at all, because the pro-democracy movement has called for a tourism boycott. [PAR] HOW IS MYANMAR PRONOUNCED? [PAR] How to say 'Myanmar' [PAR] So does the choice of Burma or Myanmar indicate a particular political position? [PAR] Mark Farmener, of Burma Campaign UK, says: \"Often you can tell where someone's sympathies lie if they use Burma or Myanmar. Myanmar is a kind of indicator of countries that are soft on the regime. [PAR] \"But really it's not important. Who cares what people call the country? It's the human rights abuses that matter. [PAR] \"There's not a really strong call from the democracy movement saying you should not call it Myanmar, they just challenge the legitimacy of the regime. It's probable it will carry on being called Myanmar after the regime is gone.\" [PAR] Colloquial name [PAR] The two words mean the same thing and one is derived from the other. Burmah, as it was spelt in the 19th Century, is a local corruption of the word Myanmar. [PAR] They have both been used within Burma for a long time, says anthropologist Gustaaf Houtman, who has written extensively about Burmese politics. [PAR] WHO, WHAT, WHY? [PAR] A regular part of the BBC News Magazine, Who, What, Why? aims to answer some of the questions behind the headlines [PAR] \"There's a formal term which is Myanmar and the informal, everyday term which is Burma. Myanmar is the literary form, which is ceremonial and official and reeks of government. [The name change] is a form of censorship.\" [PAR] If Burmese people are writing for publication, they use 'Myanmar', but speaking they use 'Burma', he says. [PAR] This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia withwhich other country? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia withwhich other country? [PAR] This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia withwhich other country? [PAR] solemichael posted a question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:55am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:57am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The way to approach this... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627784) ]} [PAR] connecting Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. [PAR] hamniwezi [PAR] May 20, 2016 at 2:57am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627792) ]} [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627799) ]} [PAR] princessjane answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 2:58am [PAR] The King Fahd Causeway is a series of bridges and causeways connecting Saudi Arabia and... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627815) ]} [PAR] The King Fahd Cause way is a series... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29627842) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] What was a popular nickname for American infantrymen during World War I? [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an US History tutor? [PAR] Lernon [PAR] 3 US History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Agra, India - Wikitravel - The Free Travel Guide Agra travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Taj Mahal[ edit ] [PAR] Rules and Regulations at the Taj Mahal [PAR] Security is tight and rules and regulations are very important and must be followed at the Taj Mahal. There are many rules to be followed at the premises of the monument to maintain the holiness of the monument and other rules are mostly for the maintenance and protection of the monument. Remaining rules and regulations are to be followed for the protection of all the tourists visiting the Taj Mahal. [PAR] \u2022Arms, ammunition, fire, smoking items, tobacco products, liquor, food, chewing gum, knives, wire, mobile charger, electric goods (except video cameras, photography cameras and similar consumer electronic products like MP3 players, iPhones, Smartphones etc. and music players) are prohibited inside the Taj Mahal complex. Leave these in the hotel or in your driver's car. Avoid carrying a bag altogether if you can as the bag scanning process is cumbersome. [PAR] \u2022Playing cards, games, dice, etc. may be prohibited depending on the guard. [PAR] \u2022Mobile phones are allowed. They don't really seem to enforce this with camera phones. [PAR] \u2022Eating and smoking is strictly prohibited inside the Taj Mahal complex. [PAR] \u2022Lockers are available at the gates to keep your belongings (of course, at your own risk). [PAR] \u2022Avoid carrying big bags and books inside the monument as this may increase your security check time. [PAR] \u2022Video camera (handicam) is allowed up to the red sand stone platform at the main entrance gate of the Taj Mahal complex. There is a charge of 25 Rupees per video camera. [PAR] \u2022Photography is prohibited inside the main mausoleum, and visitors are requested not to make noise inside the mausoleum. [PAR] \u2022Tourists must co-operate in keeping the monument neat and clean by making use of dustbins. [PAR] \u2022Avoid touching and scratching the walls and surfaces of the monument as these are old heritage sites that need special care. [PAR] \u2022Tourists are advised to hire official audio guides available at the ASI ticket counter or to use only pre-arranged approved guides. Pre-arranged approved guides charge Rs. 900 and the audio guide costs Rs. 100 + taxes Warning - touts regularly exhibit fake identity cards. Some will try to convince you that a guide is included in the ticket price (it's not) - ignore them and walk away. [PAR] \u2022Tourists are allowed to carry a water bottle inside the monument. Shoe covers, 1/2 litre water bottle and Tourist Guide Map of Agra are provided free of cost with the foreigner's entry ticket for the Taj Mahal. After getting your ticket, proceed to the side of the ticket window to collect your water and shoe covers. [PAR] \u2022Wheelchairs for disabled persons and First Aid Boxes are available at A.S.I. Office inside the Taj Mahal complex. A refundable charge of \u20b91000 is to be deposited as security before wheelchairs are made available for the disabled. [PAR] \u2022All the above mentioned items along with the mobile phones are banned for the night viewing of the Taj Mahal. [PAR] \u2022Video cameras are permitted after the security check during night viewing of the Taj Mahal, though extra batteries are prohibited. [PAR] \u2022Remember that the Taj Mahal is a religious site and it is best to dress conservatively when visiting the Taj Mahal complex, not only because the Taj Mahal itself is a mausoleum, but also because there are mosques inside the Taj Mahal complex, if you wish to visit them as well. [PAR] Grand Entrance Building to the Taj Mahal Complex"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caspian Ocean | Article about Caspian Ocean by The Free ... Caspian Ocean | Article about Caspian Ocean by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Caspian Ocean | Article about Caspian Ocean by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Caspian+Ocean [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Caspian Sea [PAR] (k\u0103s`p\u0113\u0259n), Lat. Mare Caspium or Mare Hyrcanium, salt lake, c.144,000 sq mi (373,000 sq km), between Europe and Asia; the largest lake in the world. It is bordered on the northeast by Kazakhstan, on the southeast by Turkmenistan, on the south by Iran, on the southwest by Azerbaijan, and on the northwest by Russia. The Caspian's surface lies 92 ft (28 m) below sea level. It reaches its maximum depth, c.3,200 ft (980 m), in the south; the shallow northern half averages only about 17 ft (5 m). The Caucasus Mts. rise from the southwestern shore, and the Elburz Mts. parallel the southern coast. The Caspian receives the Volga (which supplies more than 75% of its inflow), Ural, Emba, Kura, and Terek rivers, but has no outlet. The rate of evaporation is particularly high in the eastern inlet called Garabogazkol Garabogazkol [PAR] or Kara-Bogaz-Gol [PAR] , shallow bay,, in Turkmenistan. An arm of the Caspian Sea, it acts as a natural evaporation basin, drawing off the water of the Caspian and depositing salts along its shores. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , which is exploited for salt. Variations in evaporation account for great changes in the size of the sea during the course of history. The damming and diversion of the Volga's water for industrial and residential use have been the leading reasons for the lowering of the Caspian's water level, a problem of serious proportions. The chief ports on the Caspian are Bak\u0131 a major oil center, and Astrakhan Astrakhan [PAR] , city (1990 pop. 521,000), capital of Astrakhan region, SE European Russia. A Caspian Sea port on the Volga River's southern delta, it is a center for river transport thanks to a canal built for barge traffic. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , at the mouth of the Volga. Underlying the Caspian are some of the world's largest oil reserves, and the five surrounding countries, all with major stakes in oil-field development, have disputed zones of control, although Russia has signed territorial agreements with Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. The Caspian also has important fisheries. The northern part of the sea is the chief source of beluga caviar, but the destruction of spawning areas and illegal fishing has greatly reduced the number of sturgeon, and fishing quotas have been imposed. In 2003 a framework treaty for the protection of the sea's environment was signed by four of the surrounding nations; Turkmenistan did not sign. [PAR] Caspian Sea [PAR] [PAR] (from the Greek Kaspion pelagos, the Latin Caspium Mare), the world\u2019s largest inland body of water, located on the territory of the USSR (RSFSR, Kazakh SSR, Turkmen SSR, and Azerbaijan SSR) and Iran. The Caspian is frequently considered the largest lake in the world; this is inaccurate, however, since by its size, the nature of its processes, and its developmental history the Caspian is a sea. It received its name from the ancient Caspi tribes who inhabited the eastern part of the Caucasus. Among its other historical names are the Hyrcanian, Khvalyn (Khvaliss), and Khazar seas\u2014also derived from the names of ancient peoples who inhabited its shores. [PAR] Physical geographic survey. GENERAL INFORMATION. The Caspian Sea extends almost 1, 200 km from north to south, and it has an average width of 320"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Arab League - Council on Foreign Relations The Arab League - Council on Foreign Relations [PAR] Council on Foreign Relations [PAR] Authors: Jonathan Masters , Deputy Editor, and Mohammed Aly Sergie [PAR] Updated: October 21, 2014 [PAR] See More of the Most Viewed [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Founded in March 1945, the League of Arab States (or Arab League) is a loose confederation of twenty-two Arab nations, including Palestine, whose broad mission is to improve coordination among its members on matters of common interest. The League was chartered in response to concerns about postwar colonial divisions of territory as well as strong opposition to the emergence of a Jewish state in Palestine, but it has long been criticized for disunity and poor governance. Critics also say it has traditionally been more representative of its various autocratic regimes than of Arab citizens. [PAR] The organization had the opportunity to advance social interests with the push for Palestinian statehood at the UN and the unrest in many Arab countries in 2011. Some critics see positive developments in the League's actions in Libya, where it supported a no-fly zone and the ouster of Muammar al-Qaddafi, and in Syria, where it orchestrated a fact-finding mission to observe the conflict and called on President Bashar al-Assad to step down after months of deadly clashes with protesters. [PAR] A League of Their Own [PAR] According to its charter , the founding members of the Arab League (Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Yemen) agreed to seek \"close cooperation\" on matters of economics, communication, culture, nationality, social welfare, and health. They renounced violence for the settlement of conflicts between members and empowered League offices to mediate in such disputes, as well as in those with non-members. Signatories agreed to collaborate in military affairs ; this accord was strengthened with a 1950 pact committing members to treat acts of aggression on any member state as an act against all. [PAR] The charter established the Arab League headquarters in Cairo, created a permanent General Secretariat, and scheduled sessions to meet biannually, or at the request of two members in extraordinary circumstances. A formal commitment to international human rights law entered League conventions in 2004 (it was ratified in 2008) when some members adopted the Arab Charter on Human Rights . [PAR] The charter has an annex on the issue of Palestine. It affirms Palestinian independence and states that \"even though the outward signs of this independence have remained veiled as a result of force majeure,\" an Arab delegate from Palestine should \"participate in [the League's] work until this country enjoys actual independence.\" [PAR] The Arab League has no mechanism to compel members' compliance with its resolutions, a void that has led critics like NYU Associate Professor Mohamad Bazzi to describe the organization as a \"glorified debating society.\" The charter states that decisions reached by a majority \"shall bind only those [states] that accept them,\" which places a premium on national sovereignty and limits the League's ability to take collective action. While some actions are taken under the aegis of the Arab League, they are executed only by a small faction. Bazzi says, \"During the Lebanese civil war, the Arab League had limited success trying to help negotiate a peace, but in the end it was the individual powers, in this case Syria and Saudi Arabia, that helped end the conflict by convening the Taif Agreement . Technically it was under League auspices, but it was really Saudi Arabia and Syria as the driving force.\" [PAR] A Pan-Arab Pedigree [PAR] The concept of an integrated Arab"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Art of Bonsai Project - Penjing: A Chinese Renaissance The Art of Bonsai Project - Penjing: A Chinese Renaissance [PAR] The Art of Bonsai Project [PAR] Discuss this article >> [PAR] Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia) created by Wang Huaishun from Ningde, Fujian Province. The height of the tallest tree is 44\". [PAR] In the West, penjing has come a long way. For decades, the art of dwarfing trees in containers had been attributed exclusively to the Japanese. Bonsai, we were told, was a Japanese invention. The first teachers were Japanese, and the first books were translated from the Japanese or written in English by Japanese immigrants. [PAR] But then there was Wu Yee-sun, a wealthy Hong Kong banker. He not only possessed a sizeable collection of miniature trees and landscapes but the wherewithal to speak for a country that had become impoverished and isolated from the rest of the world although for over a millennium, it had been the leading cultural influence in Far East Asia. Mr. Wu's title \"Man Lung Artistic Pot Plants\", first published in 1969 and re-issued in a second and enlarged edition in 1974, caused a stir in the monolithic bonsai universe because he maintained that in China, the art of miniaturizing trees had roots extending back well over a thousand years! And the claims of this \"cultured farmer\" (\"man lung\") were just the beginning. In the mid 1980's, two books by Hu Yunhua, a mainland Chinese author, became available in English. \"Penjing: The Chinese Art of Miniature Gardens\" (Timber Press, 1982) and \"Chinese Penjing: Miniature Trees and Landscapes\" (Timber Press, 1987) both showcased penjing from various geographic regions of the People's Republic. While many of the trees appeared crude and imperfect to the eyes of bonsai artists trained in the Japanese tradition, they also exuded a spirit of bold personality and brave artistic expression that some Western artists did not fail to notice. Then came the first exhibits and the first visits by Chinese artists on U.S. soil. A few Americans revealed that their initial exposure to penjing resembled a coming-out-of-the-closet type of experience. A genuine liberation. They rejoiced over the fact that the straightjacket of rigid rules and regulations had been cracked and permission granted to pursue a greater level of artistic experimentation. Since the early days, this chorus has grown steadily. Meanwhile, bonsai enthusiasts in warm climates discovered that the more intuitive and free-flowing styling methods of Chinese artists suited their natural environment better than many classical Japanese methods. They found that the vivacity and profuse grace innate to tropical species such as Ficus or Bougainvillea call for a less formal approach to tree art. [PAR] Fig (Ficus retusa) created by Ye Mingxuan from Guangdong Province. This tree, 42-1/4\" tall, has been defoliated for an exhibit to show its fine ramification. It is planted in a 41\" container. [PAR] These advances in the West became possible because by the late 1970's, after many decades of wars and imperial domination, destruction, famines, revolution, international isolation and Communist experiments, the giant formerly known as the Middle Kingdom was stirring and realigning itself. Unknown to the rest of the world, some men had bravely begun to re-evaluate penjing in the hope of revitalizing this ancient art. There were formidable obstacles. Many fine collections had perished in 100 + years of man-made disasters. And much of the former art had degenerated into regional \"schools\" consisting of craftsmen and folk artists determined to coerce trees into weird, pre-conceived shapes such as dragons, cloud layers, and so on. Undaunted, these visionaries resolved to connect with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thailand was known as Siam until 1939 - Free \ufffd\ufffd\u0011\u0871\u001a\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000\ufffd\ufffd \u0000\u0006\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0001\u0000\u0000\u00004\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0010\u0000\u00006\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000\u00003\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\u00005@ 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ailand was known as Siam until 1939. The name \"Thailand\" means \"Land of the Free\". The Mekong River, the longest river in South-East Asia, forms a border between Thailand and Laos. Phunket is Thailand's largest island. White (albino) elephants were highly prized by the kings of Thailand. The \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.meezer.com/\" \u0014Siamese cat\u0015 was brought to Britain from Thailand in 1884 by the British Consul General of Bangkok. Thailand's largest reclining Buddha image can be found in the temple, Wat Po. The world's tallest Buddhist monument in the world stands 127 meters (387 feet) in the town of Nakhon Pathom. Most young men are Buddhist monks for a short time and shaven-head monks go out and ask for alms each morning. In Bangkok, and elsewhere in Thailand, goods can be bought from floating markets where produce is sold from boats. Silk production has a long tradition in Thailand. \"The Golden Triangle\" where Thailand, Laos and Myanmar meet on the Mekong River was a centre for growing opium poppies. \"The Beach\", written by Alex Garland, is about a young backpacker who found a legendary beach in Thailand. The story was later made into a film. On 26 December 2004, a \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.worldinfozone.com/features.php?section=PartnersDiscussion3\" \u0014quake\u0015 occurred under the sea near Aceh in north Indonesia (8.9 on the Richter scale); this produced tsunamis causing flooding and destruction in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka and the east coast of Africa (Kenya and Somalia). Geography The Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is in South East \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.worldinfozone.com/newslink.php?section=Asia\" \u0014Asia\u0015. Its land borders are with \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Myanmar\" \u0014Myanmar\u0015 (Burma), Laos, \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Cambodia\" \u0014Cambodia\u0015 (Kampuchea) and \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Malaysia\" \u0014Malaysia\u0015. Bangkok, a major port, is also the capital city. Chiang Mai is the second largest city. The climate is tropical with rains brought with the southwest monsoon in mid May. Environment Forests cover over a quarter of the country and trees include teak, mangrove, rattan and palm. Elephants are a symbol of Thailand; the white elephant being highly prized. Architecture Thailand has thousands of monasteries, temples and shrines. Bangkok, alone, has over four hundred Buddhist buildings. Population Thailand's population was estimated at 64,865,523 in July 2004. Seventy-five per cent of the population is Thai with fourteen per cent Chinese. Thai hill-tribes include the Karen, Hmong and Lisu. Languages Thai is the official language. English is also used in business. Religion Ninety five per cent of the population is Buddhist with almost four per cent Muslim. There is still a following in the animist religion that believes there is a spirit in everything. Food Thai cuisine is spicy using ingredients such as coriander, tumeric, mint, ginger, chilli pepper, garlic and coconut milk. Seafood and shredded meat (often chicken) is eaten with rice or noodles. Thailand has a variety of tropical fruit including the durian, jack fruit, bananas and mangoes which are served for dessert. Fruit carving is an art form and is practised for special occasions. The Thai population drink iced water, coffee and tea. 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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yakking | Article about yakking by The Free Dictionary Yakking | Article about yakking by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Yakking | Article about yakking by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/yakking [PAR] Related to yakking: yacks [PAR] yak, [PAR] bovine mammal, Bos grunniens, of the Tibet region of China and adjacent areas. It is oxlike in build, with short, thick legs, humped shoulders, large upcurved horns, and a thick coat that hangs down to the ankles. Wild yaks were formerly found from Kashmir to W China, but were so extensively hunted for meat and hides that they now survive only in isolated highlands at elevations above 14,000 ft (4,300 m). They live in herds numbering from 10 to 100 animals, mostly females and young led by a few old bulls; males are mostly solitary. Yaks have been domesticated in Tibet for centuries, and the domestic form has been introduced into other parts of central Asia. The wild yak may attain a shoulder height of 65 in. (165 cm) and have horns 3 ft (90 cm) long; its coat is dark brown. The domesticated yak is smaller, with short horns; its coat, which may be long enough to reach the ground, may be black, brown, reddish, piebald, or albino. Yaks can live on vegetation so sparse that it cannot support other domesticated animals. The domestic yak is a source of milk, butter, meat, hair (for cloth), and leather and is also much used as a beast of burden. Yaks are classified in the phylum Chordata Chordata [PAR] , phylum of animals having a notochord, or dorsal stiffening rod, as the chief internal skeletal support at some stage of their development. Most chordates are vertebrates (animals with backbones), but the phylum also includes some small marine invertebrate animals. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Artiodactyla, family Bovidae. [PAR] Yak [PAR] [PAR] (Poephagus grunniens), a ruminant of the subfamily Bovinae. The yak occurs in the wild only in Tibet. [PAR] A large animal, the wild yak sometimes reaches a height of 2 m and a weight of 1 ton. The body is massive. The legs are relatively short, and there is a hump at the shoulders. The long, rather slender horns of the males spread outward, forward, and then upward. The horns of the females are shorter than those of the males. The black-brown coat is thick, and there is a warm undercoat. The hair is especially long on the abdomen, chest, and legs, forming a \u201cskirt\u201d that keeps the animal warm when it lies on the snow. The tail is covered with long, coarse hair. [PAR] The wild yak inhabits forest-less high-desert plateaus. It is solitary or lives in groups of two or three. It feeds on herbaceous vegetation, which it can obtain even from under the snow. Mating occurs in September or October, with a single young born in June and July. The wild yak avoids contact with human habitation; hence, crowded out by domestic herds, it is decreasing alarmingly in number. [PAR] Domesticated yaks are raised in high-mountain regions of China and Mongolia. In the USSR they are raised in the Gomo-Altai AO, the southwestern Tuva ASSR, the Kirghiz SSR, and the Buriat ASSR. They are smaller than wild yaks. Adult males weigh 400\u2013450 kg, and adult females 270\u2013300 kg. The annual milk productivity is 300\u2013350 kg of marketable milk per year; the fat content of the milk is 6\u20137 percent. The lactation period is 170 to 180 days; the calves are suckled. Yaks pasture under the open sky year-round. They"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mongols. A history of the Mongols (Monguls) Mongols. A history of the Mongols (Monguls) [PAR] [PAR] From the first explosion of Mongol military might from the steppes of [PAR] central Asia in the early decades of the 13th century to the death of Timur in [PAR] 1405, the nomads of central Asia made a last, stunning return to center stage [PAR] in world history. Mongol invasions ended or interrupted many of the great [PAR] empires of the postclassical period, while also extending the world network [PAR] that had increasingly defined the period. Under Chinggis Khan - who united his [PAR] own Mongol tribesmen and numerous nomadic neighbors into the mightiest war [PAR] machine the world had seen to that time - central Asia, northern China, and [PAR] eastern Persia were brought under Mongol rule. Under Chinggis Khan's sons and [PAR] grandsons, the rest of China, Tibet, Persia, Iraq, much of Asia Minor, and all [PAR] of southern Russia were added to the vast Mongol imperium. Though the empire [PAR] was divided between Chinggis Khan's sons after his death in 1227, the four [PAR] khanates or kingdoms -which emerged in the struggles for succession -dominated [PAR] most of Asia for the next one and one-half centuries. The Mongol conquests and [PAR] the empires they produced represented the most formidable nomadic challenge to [PAR] the growing global dominance of the sedentary peoples of the civilized cores [PAR] since the great nomadic migrations in the first centuries A.D. Except for [PAR] Timur's devastating but short-lived grab for power at the end of the 14th [PAR] century, nomadic peoples would never again mount a challenge as massive and [PAR] sweeping as that of the Mongols. [PAR] [PAR] In most histories, the Mongol conquests have been depicted as a savage [PAR] assault by backward and barbaric peoples on many of the most ancient and [PAR] developed centers of human civilization. Much is made of the ferocity of [PAR] Mongol warriors in battle, their destruction of great cities, such as Baghdad, [PAR] in reprisal for resistance to Mongol armies, and their mass slaughters of [PAR] defeated enemies. Depending on the civilization from whose city walls a [PAR] historian recorded the coming of the Mongol \"hordes,\" they were depicted as [PAR] the scourge of Islam, devils bent on the destruction of Christianity, [PAR] persecutors of the Buddhists, or defilers of the Confucian traditions of [PAR] China. Though they were indeed fierce fighters and capable of terrible acts of [PAR] retribution against those who dared to defy them, the Mongols' conquests [PAR] brought much more than death and devastation. [PAR] [PAR] At the peak of their power, the domains of the Mongol khans, or rulers, [PAR] made up a vast realm in which once-hostile peoples lived together in peace and [PAR] virtually all religions were tolerated. From the Khanate of Persia in the west [PAR] to the empire of the fabled Kubilai Khan in the east, the law code first [PAR] promulgated by Chinggis Khan ordered human interaction. The result was an [PAR] important new stage in international contact. From eastern Europe to southern [PAR] China, merchants and travelers could move across the well-policed Mongol [PAR] domains without fear for their lives or property. The great swath of Mongol [PAR] territory that covered or connected most of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East [PAR] served as a bridge between the civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere. The [PAR] caravans and embassies that crossed the Mongol lands transmitted new foods, [PAR] inventions, and ideas from one civilized pool to the others and from civilized [PAR] pools to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Largest Cities in India in terms of population Top 10 Largest Cities in India in terms of population [PAR] Top 10 Largest Cities in India in terms of Population [PAR] Posted on [PAR] May 27, 2015 [PAR] India is 2nd largest country in the World in terms of population after China. As per 2012 figure, India\u2019s population is 1.237 billion which is the second largest after China (1.351). As per the latest analysis and prediction, India will become world\u2019s largest country in population by 2020. It is the most alarming figure for India to control population. If India failed to do so, it will be difficult to provide basic facilities to all and result in failure state. We have mentioned here list as per figure of 2011 census. [PAR] Top 10 Largest Cities in India [PAR] 1. Mumbai, Maharashtra [PAR] Mumbai is the most populous city of India. It is the financial capital of India as well as political capital of Maharashtra. Mumbai\u2019s total population is 12,478,447 as per the 2011 census. Mumbai is also world\u2019s 5th largest city by population. Due to business opportunities in the city, most of people in the country wants to settle down in the city. [PAR] Mumbai Traffic Jam [PAR] 2. Delhi [PAR] Delhi is the national capital of India. Delhi is also known as the National Capital Territory (NCT) of India. Delhi is the most important city and centre of power in the country. As per the history, Delhi was inhabited before the second millennium BC. Its total population is 11,007,835 as per the census of 2011. Delhi is tenth largest city in the World. [PAR] Qutb Minar Delhi [PAR] 3. Bangalore, Karnataka [PAR] Bangalore is the Information Technology (IT) hub of India. People came here from across the country for their career growth. Bangalore is also known as Bengaluru and its total population is 8,425,970 as per 2011 census. Bangalore was expanded in 2007 and this figure represent new city limits. Bengaluru is 22th largest city in the World in population. [PAR] Read Also: Tourist Places in Bangalore [PAR] 4. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh [PAR] Hyderabad is the capital of Andhra Pradesh and another growing IT hub of India. Its now capital of both states Andhra Pradesha and newly created state Telangana. Due to high growth and business opportunities, rush towards Hyderabad has been increased and it makes fourth largest city in India with total population of 6,809,970. Hyderabad is also 34th largest city in the World. [PAR] Charminar, Hyderabad [PAR] 5. Ahmedabad, Gujarat [PAR] Ahmedabad is the financial capital of Gujarat and one of the fastest growing city in India. Earlier, it was known as the \u2018Manchester of India\u2019. Ahmedabad\u2019s total population is 5,570,585 which makes it fifth largest city in India. Ahmedabad is world\u2019s 39th most populous city in the World. [PAR] Sidi Sayeed Masjid, Ahmedabad [PAR] 6. Chennai, Tamil Nadu [PAR] Chennai is the capital of Tamil nadu and one of the most important port in the country. Chennai\u2019s total population is 4,681,087 which makes it 6th largest city in India and 16th most populous city in the world. Chennai is major business hub of the country. It is also one of the largest city in the Southern India. [PAR] Anna International Airport Chennai [PAR] 7. Kolkata, West Bengal [PAR] Kolkata is the capital of West Bengal and largest city of eastern India. Kolkata\u2019s total population is 4,486,679 which makes it 7th largest city in India and world\u2019s 51th largest city in the World. Its metropolis area is 185 square km. In earlier times, Kolkata was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the four main islands of Japan? - About.com Geography What Are the Four Main Islands of Japan? [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 06, 2016. [PAR] Japan's \"mainland\" consists of four primary islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. In total, the country of Japan includes 6,852 islands, many of which are very small and uninhabited. [PAR] When trying to remember where the major islands are located, you can think of the archipelago of Japan as a letter \"j.\" [PAR] Hokkaido is the j's dot. [PAR] Honshu is the long body of the j. [PAR] Shikoku and Kyushu make up the j's sweeping curve. [PAR] The Island of Honshu [PAR] Honshu is the largest island and the core of Japan. It is also the seventh largest island in the world. [PAR] On the island of Honshu, you will find the majority of the Japanese population and most of its major cities including the capital of Tokyo. Because it is the center of Japan, Honshu is connected to the other primary islands via undersea tunnels and bridges. [PAR] Roughly the size of the state of Minnesota, Honshu is a mountainous island and home to many of the country's active volcanoes. Its most famous peak is Mt. [PAR] Fuji. [PAR] Major Cities: Tokyo, Hiroshima, Osaka-Kyoto, Nagoya, Sendai, Yokohama, Niigata [PAR] Key Mountains: Mount Fuji (Japan's highest point at 12,388 feet/3776 meters), Mount Kita, Mount Hotaka, Hilda Mountains, Ou Mountains, Chugoku Range [PAR] Other Key Geographic Features: Lake Biwa (Japan's largest lake), Mutsu Bay, Inawashiro Lake, Tokyo Bay [PAR] The Island of Hokkaido [PAR] Hokkaido is in the northernmost and second largest of the main Japanese islands. It is separated from Honshu by the Tsugaru Strait. Sapporo is the largest city on Hokkaido and also serves as the island's capital. [PAR] The climate of Hokkaido is distinctly northern. It is known for its mountainous landscape, a number of volcanoes, and natural beauty. It is a popular destination for skiers and outdoor adventure enthusiasts and Hokkaido is home to many national parks, including Shiretoko National Park. [PAR] During the winter, drift ice from the Ohotsk Sea creeps toward the northern coast and this is a popular site starting in January. The island is also known for its many festivals, including the popular Winter Festival. [PAR] Major Cities: Sapporo, Hakodate, Obihiro, Asahikawa, Obihiro, Kitami, Shari, Abashiri, Wakkanai [PAR] Key Mountains: Mount Asahi (highest point on the island at 7516 feet/2291 meters), Mount Hakuun, Mount Akadake, Mount Tokachi (active volcano), Daisetsu- zan Mountains [PAR] Other Key Geographic Features: Sounkyo Gorge, Lake Kussharo, Lake Shikotsu [PAR] The Island of Kyushu [PAR] The third largest of Japan's big islands, Kyushu is to the southwest of Honchu. The largest city is Fukuoka and this island is known for its semi-tropical climate, hot springs, and volcanoes. [PAR] Kyushu is known as the \"Land of Fire\" because of its chain of active volcanoes, which include Mount Kuju and Mount Aso. [PAR] Major Cities: Fukuoka, Nagasaki, Kagoshima [PAR] Key Mountains: Mount Aso (active volcano), Mount Kuju, Mount Tsurumi, Mount Kirishima, Sakura-jima, Ibusuki [PAR] Other Key Geographic Features: Kumagawa River (largest on Kyushu), Ebino Plateau, multiple small islands [PAR] The Island of Shikoku [PAR] Shikoku is the smallest of the four islands and is located to the east of Kyushu and southeast of Honshu. It is a picturesque and cultural island, boasting many Buddhist temples and the home of famous haiku poets. [PAR] Also a mountainous island, Shikoku's mountains are small in comparison to others in Japan as none of the island's peaks is higher than 6000 feet (1828"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ancient India and the Indian Subcontinent Ancient India and the Indian Subcontinent [PAR] Ancient India and the Indian Subcontinent [PAR] Ancient/Classical History Expert [PAR] By N.S. Gill [PAR] The Indian subcontinent is a diverse and fertile region with monsoons, droughts, plains, mountains, deserts, and especially rivers, along which early cities developed in the third millennium B.C. Along with Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica, the ancient Indian subcontinent was one of the few places in the world to develop its own system of writing. Its early literature was written in Sanskrit. [PAR] Here are some definitions for terms related to the ancient Indian Subcontinent listed in alpabetical order. [PAR] Mauryan Empire at Its Greatest Extent Under Ashoka. Released into the public domain by its author, Vastu. [PAR] Ashoka [PAR] Ashoka was the third king of the Mauryan Dynasty, ruling from c. 270 B.C. until his death in 232. He was known for his cruelty early on, but also his great acts following his conversion to Buddhism after he waged a bloody war in c. 265. More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] Ancient Historians on Ancient India [PAR] Besides the occasional literary and archaeological record, there are historians from antiquity that wrote about ancient India from around the time of Alexander the Great. More \u00bb [PAR] Holy Ganges: the junction of the rivers Alokananda (left) and Bhagirathi (right) at Deva-Prayag. CC subarno at Flickr.com [PAR] Ganges [PAR] The Ganges (or Ganga in Hindi) is a holy river for Hindus located in the plains of northern India and Bangladesh, running from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. Its length is 1,560 miles (2,510 km). [PAR] Chandra-Gupta I (r. A.D. 320 - c.330) was the founder of the imperial Gupta Dynasty. The dynasty lasted until the late 6th century (although starting in the 5th century, the Huns started breaking it apart), and produced scientific/mathematical advances. [PAR] Indus Valley Seal - Rhinoceros on an Indus Valley Seal. Clipart.com [PAR] Indus Valley Civilization [PAR] When 19th century explorers and 20th century archaeologists rediscovered the ancient Indus Valley civilization, the history of the Indian sub-continent had to be rewritten. Many questions remain unanswered. The Indus Valley civilization flourished in the third millennium B.C. and suddenly disappeared, after a millennium. More \u00bb [PAR] Rig Veda in Sanskrit. Public Domain. Courtesy of Wikipedia. [PAR] Kama Sutra [PAR] The Kama Sutra was written in Sanskrit during the Gupta Dynasty (A.D. 280 - 550), attributed to a sage named Vatsyayana, although it was a revision of earlier writing. The Kama Sutra is a manual on the art of love. [PAR] Languages of the Indus Valley [PAR] The people of the Indian subcontinent used at least four different languages, some with limited purposes. Sanskrit is probably the best known of these and it was used to help show a connection among the Indo-European languages , which also include Latin and English. [PAR] The Punjab is a region of India and Pakistan that lies around tributaries of the Indus River: the Beas, Ravi, Sutlej, Chenab, and Jhelum (Greek, Hydaspes) rivers. More \u00bb [PAR] Jain Tirthankara on the HazaraRama Temple. CC soham_pablo Flickr.com [PAR] Religions [PAR] There are 3 main religions that came from ancient India: Buddhism , Hinduism , and Jainism . Hinduism was the first, although Brahmanism was an early form of Hinduism.. Many believe Hinduism is the oldest extant religion, although it has only been called Hinduism since the 19th century. The other two were originally developed by practitioners of Hinduism. [PAR] Saraswati/Saravati is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French defeated at Dien Bien Phu - May 07, 1954 - HISTORY.com French defeated at Dien Bien Phu - May 07, 1954 - HISTORY.com [PAR] French defeated at Dien Bien Phu [PAR] Share this: [PAR] French defeated at Dien Bien Phu [PAR] Author [PAR] French defeated at Dien Bien Phu [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In northwest Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh\u2019s Viet Minh forces decisively defeat the French at Dien Bien Phu, a French stronghold besieged by the Vietnamese communists for 57 days. The Viet Minh victory at Dien Bien Phu signaled the end of French colonial influence in Indochina and cleared the way for the division of Vietnam along the 17th parallel at the conference of Geneva. [PAR] On September 2, 1945, hours after the Japanese signed their unconditional surrender in World War II, communist leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam, hoping to prevent the French from reclaiming their former colonial possession. In 1946, he hesitantly accepted a French proposal that allowed Vietnam to exist as an autonomous state within the French Union, but fighting broke out when the French tried to reestablish colonial rule. Beginning in 1949, the Viet Minh fought an increasingly effective guerrilla war against France with military and economic assistance from newly Communist China. France received military aid from the United States. [PAR] In November 1953, the French, weary of jungle warfare, occupied Dien Bien Phu, a small mountain outpost on the Vietnamese border near Laos. Although the Vietnamese rapidly cut off all roads to the fort, the French were confident that they could be supplied by air. The fort was also out in the open, and the French believed that their superior artillery would keep the position safe. In 1954, the Viet Minh army, under General Vo Nguyen Giap, moved against Dien Bien Phu and in March encircled it with 40,000 Communist troops and heavy artillery. [PAR] The first Viet Minh assault against the 13,000 entrenched French troops came on March 12, and despite massive air support, the French held only two square miles by late April. On May 7, after 57 days of siege, the French positions collapsed. Although the defeat brought an end to French colonial efforts in Indochina, the United States soon stepped up to fill the vacuum, increasing military aid to South Vietnam and sending the first U.S. military advisers to the country in 1959. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] French Indochina War 1946-1954 - OnWar.com (Vietnam) France Indochina War 1946-1954 [PAR] French Indochina War 1946-1954 [PAR] [ 1946 - 1954 ] [PAR] The French were not in a strong position to immediately reassert their authority in their former colony, French Indochina, after the Japanese invaders withdrew at the end of World War II. In the north, the Vietminh, a political party led by Ho Chi Minh (1890?-1969), proclaimed the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam. France agreed to recognize Vietnam as a free state within the French Union, but negotiations dragged on. In December 1946, Vietminh forces attacked French garrisons, and during the ensuing years guerrilla activity increased in the countryside. In 1949, a Vietnamese provisional government, headed by Emperor Bao Dai (1913-97), was established, which was recognized by France and, in 1950, by the United States. The communist-dominated Vietminh rejected any remnant of French authority and consequently attacked French outposts along Vietnam's border with China, from whom they received substantial military aid. In 1951, the Vietminh created a common front with communist groups in Laos and Cambodia (Kampuchea) and became more and more aggressive. They were led by General Vo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who are the Gurkhas? - BBC News Who are the Gurkhas? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Gurkhas are part of the British Army [PAR] Gurkhas have been part of the British Army for almost 200 years, but who are these fearsome Nepalese fighters? [PAR] \"Better to die than be a coward\" is the motto of the world-famous Nepalese Gurkha soldiers who are an integral part of the British Army. [PAR] They still carry into battle their traditional weapon - an 18-inch long curved knife known as the kukri. [PAR] In times past, it was said that once a kukri was drawn in battle, it had to \"taste blood\" - if not, its owner had to cut himself before returning it to its sheath. [PAR] Now, the Gurkhas say, it is used mainly for cooking. [PAR] The potential of these warriors was first realised by the British at the height of their empire-building in the last century. [PAR] The Victorians identified them as a \"martial race\", perceiving in them particularly masculine qualities of toughness. [PAR] Bravest of the brave, most generous of the generous, never had a country more faithful friends than you [PAR] Sir Ralph Turner MC, 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles, 1931 [PAR] After suffering heavy casualties in the invasion of Nepal, the British East India Company signed a hasty peace deal in 1815, which also allowed it to recruit from the ranks of the former enemy. [PAR] Following the partition of India in 1947, an agreement between Nepal, India and Britain meant four Gurkha regiments from the Indian army were transferred to the British Army, eventually becoming the Gurkha Brigade. [PAR] Since then, the Gurkhas have loyally fought for the British all over the world, receiving 13 Victoria Crosses between them. [PAR] More than 200,000 fought in the two world wars, and in the past 50 years they have served in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Borneo, Cyprus, the Falklands, Kosovo and now in Iraq and Afghanistan. [PAR] They serve in a variety of roles, mainly in the infantry but with significant numbers of engineers, logisticians and signals specialists. [PAR] The name \"Gurkha\" comes from the hill town of Gorkha from which the Nepalese kingdom had expanded. [PAR] The ranks have always been dominated by four ethnic groups, the Gurungs and Magars from central Nepal, the Rais and Limbus from the east, who live in villages of impoverished hill farmers. [PAR] They keep to their Nepalese customs and beliefs, and the brigade follows religious festivals such as Dashain, in which - in Nepal, not the UK - goats and buffaloes are sacrificed. [PAR] Image caption Actress Joanna Lumley has been the public face of the campaign on behalf of the Gurkhas [PAR] But their numbers have been sharply reduced from a World War II peak of 112,000 men, and now stand at about 3,500. [PAR] During the two world wars 43,000 men lost their lives. [PAR] The Gurkhas are now based at Shorncliffe near Folkestone, Kent - but they do not become British citizens. [PAR] The soldiers are still selected from young men living in the hills of Nepal - with about 28,000 youths tackling the selection procedure for just over 200 places each year. [PAR] The selection process has been described as one of the toughest in the world and is fiercely contested. [PAR] Young hopefuls have to run uphill for 40 minutes carrying a wicker basket on their back filled with rocks weighing 70lbs. [PAR] They are tough, they are brave, they are durable, they are amenable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Exports and Imports - Bangladesh | By Bangladesh Channel Exports and Imports - Bangladesh | By Bangladesh Channel [PAR] City finder [PAR] Quality Exports of Bangladesh [PAR] Like many other third-world countries, Bangladesh relies quite heavily on exports to provide for the needs of its densely populated nation. The same products sold locally will generally fetch a much lower price than they would on the international market. This means that it is far more profitable for the country to engage in exportation than it is to engage in local trade. While this may mean that a large percentage of the countries GDP is sent off abroad as Bangladesh exports instead of being enjoyed by the country\u2019s own people, it also allows for a steady influx of foreign currency . [PAR] Currently Bangladesh\u2019s main export items are garments, jute and jute-related goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood. Just three years ago the country made over $2,000 billion from export trade. The majority of the country\u2019s trade is conducted with the USA but a small portion of exports also sees its way to Germany, the UK, France and Italy. However these figures should not mislead you into thinking that the country is well-off. As one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world, the majority of these profits will generally make their way into the pockets of a few wealthy while the rest will be thinly spread out amongst those involved in the production of these goods. To add to this, the country\u2019s economy depends on an erratic monsoon cycle as well as drought and flooding which makes regular harvesting difficult. [PAR] Besides these Bangladesh exports , the country is also engaged in the production of rice, tea, sugar wheat, ship scrap metal, textiles , fertilizer, pharmaceuticals, ceramic tableware and newsprint. Though yields can at times be quite high, the country still faces widespread poverty and it is struggling to free itself from this. Some progress has been made, but there are still many people living below the breadline in Bangladesh."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What was the former name of Iraq? - Quora What was the former name of Iraq? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] The former name of Iraq? [PAR] Iraq. [PAR] It\u2019s astounding how people will immediately jump to saying it was called \u201cMesopotamia\u201d, the Hellenistic Roman word for it, when in fact it is \u201cMesopotamia\u201d which is the 19th c. colonial neologism. One would have thought this would have been obvious: the British didn\u2019t invent an Arabic word on the fly. [PAR] Iraq was the land\u2019s name for over a millenium before the events of 1918, generally split between the \u2018Two Iraqs\u2019 - Arabic Iraq occupying the Arabic-speaking regions of Iraq and \u201cPersian Iraq\u201d in what is now the heartlands of Iran around Tehran (this latter was used as a propaganda piece by Saddam Hussein, but it long preceded him.) [PAR] For the duration of the 18th and much of the 19th centuries, Arabic Iraq (the pink and orange provinces in the map above, Baghdad and Basra) were autonomous under a Turkish royal family (this, however, excluded the Kurdish regions of modern Iraq). Iraq has fine precedent as a country on its own right. [PAR] The British actually did pretty much divide the region into its natural components. That these have gone through hell in recent years doesn\u2019t make them \u2018artificial\u2019. [PAR] Written Nov 7 [PAR] The names used in the Bible are Babylon, Land of Shinar, and Mesopotamia. The word Mesopotamia means between the two rivers, more exactly between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. [PAR] The Arabic name al-Ir\u0101q has been in use since before the 6th century. There are several suggested origins for the name. One dates to the Sumerian city of Uruk (Biblical Hebrew Erech) and is thus ultimately of Sumerian origin, as Uruk was the Akkadian name for the Sumerian city of Urug, containing the Sumerian word for \"city\", UR.An Arabic folk etymology for the name is \"deeply rooted, well-watered; fertile\". [PAR] During the medieval period, there was a region called Ir\u0101q Arab\u012b (\"Arabian Iraq\") for Lower Mesopotamia and Ir\u0101q ajam\u012b (\"Foreign Iraq\") for the region now situated in Central and Western Iran. The term historically included the plain south of the Hamrin Mountains and did not include the northernmost and westernmost parts of the modern territory of Iraq. [PAR] The term Sawad was also used in early Islamic times for the region of the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, contrasting it with the arid Arabian desert. As an Arabic word, it means \"hem\", \"shore\", \"bank\", or \"edge\", so that the name by folk etymology came to be interpreted as \"the escarpment\", at the south and east of the Jazira Plateau, which forms the northern and western edge of the \"al-Iraq arabi\" area. [PAR] 646 Views \u00b7 View Upvotes \u00b7 Answer requested by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ganges River | river, Asia | Britannica.com Ganges River | river, Asia | Britannica.com [PAR] Ganges River [PAR] Allahabad [PAR] Ganges River, Hindi Ganga, great river of the plains of the northern Indian subcontinent. Although officially as well as popularly called the Ganga in Hindi and in other Indian languages, internationally it is known by its conventional name, the Ganges. From time immemorial it has been the holy river of Hinduism . For most of its course it is a wide and sluggish stream, flowing through one of the most fertile and densely populated regions in the world. Despite its importance, its length of 1,560 miles (2,510 km) is relatively short compared with the other great rivers of Asia or of the world. [PAR] The Brahmaputra and Ganges river basins and their drainage network. [PAR] Rising in the Himalayas and emptying into the Bay of Bengal , it drains one-fourth of the territory of India , and its basin supports hundreds of millions of people. The greater part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain , across which it flows, is the heartland of the region known as Hindustan and has been the cradle of successive civilizations from the Mauryan empire of Ashoka in the 3rd century bce to the Mughal Empire , founded in the 16th century. [PAR] Morning prayers along the Ganges River, Varanasi, India. [PAR] Gavin Hellier\u2014Photographer\u2019s Choice/Getty Images [PAR] For most of its course the Ganges flows through Indian territory, although its large delta in the Bengal area, which it shares with the Brahmaputra River , lies mostly in Bangladesh . The general direction of the river\u2019s flow is from northwest to southeast. At its delta the flow is generally southward. [PAR] Physical features [PAR] Physiography [PAR] The Ganges rises in the southern Great Himalayas on the Indian side of the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China . Its five headstreams\u2014the Bhagirathi , the Alaknanda, the Mandakini, the Dhauliganga, and the Pindar\u2014all rise in the mountainous region of northern Uttarakhand state. Of those, the two main headstreams are the Alaknanda (the longer of the two), which rises about 30 miles (50 km) north of the Himalayan peak of Nanda Devi, and the Bhagirathi, which originates at about 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) above sea level in a subglacial meltwater cave at the base of the Himalayan glacier known as Gangotri . Gangotri itself is a sacred place for Hindu pilgrimage . The true source of the Ganges, however, is considered to be at Gaumukh, about 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Gangotri. [PAR] Gangotri, glacier in the Himalayas of Uttarakhand state, northern India, and one of the sources of \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 afateev/Fotolia [PAR] Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcano [PAR] The Ganges-Yamuna area was once densely forested. Historical writings indicate that in the 16th and 17th centuries wild elephants, buffalo, bison, rhinoceroses, lions, and tigers were hunted there. Most of the original natural vegetation has disappeared from the Ganges basin, and the land is now intensely cultivated to meet the needs of an ever-growing population. Large wild animals are few, except for deer, boars, and wildcats and some wolves, jackals, and foxes. Only in the Sundarbans area of the delta are some Bengal tigers, crocodiles, and marsh deer still found. [PAR] Ganges river dolphin, or susu (\u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Fish abound in all the rivers, especially in the delta area, where they form an important part of the inhabitants\u2019 diet. In the Bengal area common fish include featherbacks (Notopteridae family), barbs (Cyprinidae), walking catfish , gouramis (Anabantidae), and milkfish (Chanidae). The Ganges river dolphin \u2014or susu"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Arab Emirates's capital - Dictionary Definition ... United Arab Emirates's capital - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] United Arab Emirates's capital [PAR] Definitions of United Arab Emirates's capital [PAR] 1 [PAR] n a sheikhdom of eastern Arabia and capital of the United Arab Emirates [PAR] Synonyms: [PAR] the capital city of a nation [PAR] Word Family [PAR] Usage Examples [PAR] Sign up, it's free! [PAR] Whether you're a student, an educator, or a life-long learner, Vocabulary.com can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the capital city of Hong Kong? | Reference.com What is the capital city of Hong Kong? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the capital city of Hong Kong? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The capital of Hong Kong is Hong Kong. An area of the city known as Victoria used to house the capital. It has since moved to a more central location within the city. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Hong Kong is an independent city-state of China. This means that it ultimately falls under Chinese rule, but for economic and trade purposes, and as part of the agreement that transferred rule of Hong Kong from the U.K. to China, it is somewhat self-governing. Ultimately, China is responsible for Hong Kong's defense and foreign affairs. Hong Kong maintains independence in all other areas of government. It also continues to maintain its own currency.[DOC] [TLE] Hong Kong, About Hong Kong - Maps of World Hong Kong, About Hong Kong [PAR] crafted cages, liquor and perfume [PAR] About Hong Kong [PAR] Travel to the land of Hong Kong that attracts you to its edifying attractions initializing from the urban sophistication to the beautiful landscapes, from inexplicable temples to commercial ardor that surely grasp your glance. [PAR] British opium merchants founded the region while being expelled from Guangzhou. [PAR] Location of Hong Kong [PAR] Hong Kong is nestled on the eastern region of the Pearl River Delta area, engulfed by the People's Republic of China towards the southeastern coastal side, where the South China Sea faces the province from the southern side, and the Guangdong area from the northern side. [PAR] Physical Hong Kong Map [PAR] Hong Kong is constituted with three major provinces namely Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories. From the north end the province of the Kowloon Peninsula is well connected to the New Territories, which thereby is linked to the Mainland China through the streams of Sham Chun River (Shenzhen River). The place is comprised of 262 islands near the South China Sea where Ap Lei Chau province is compactly inhabited. Lantau is the largest province where the local natives reside while the region of Hong Kong Island falls in the second position as far as concentration of population is concerned. [PAR] Hong Kong originated from the literary word, which meant as fragrant harbor, where innumerable aromatic trees were widely found in the area of Aberdeen and Wong Chuk Hang along the Hong Kong Island. Steep slopes with slightly rugged mountains cover the landscape area of Hong Kong.The Tai Mo Shan that stands at a height of 958 meters is known as the highest point within the region. The northwestern region of the New Territory is enclosed with lowlands where Victoria Harbour, the deepest natural maritime port that passes through the Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Peninsula reside. [PAR] Climate of Hong Kong [PAR] Get a typical sub-tropical, kind of weather condition in Hong Kong, where the climate is generally temperate in nature. [PAR] The best time to tour to this fabulous place is during the month of November and December, when climate tends to be breezy and cozy along with bright and sunny. [PAR] The months of January and February are comparatively cloudy, where the dry northerly winds bring along the cool windy weather. [PAR] One can feel the high humid conditions in the month of March and April. The southeastern regions are affected with fog and drizzle that could be severe at times. [PAR] The month of May to August are hot and humid accompanied with occasional showers and thunderstorms that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mustafa Kemal ATATURK - Turkish Republic - Turkey Travel Mustafa Kemal ATATURK - Turkish Republic [PAR] [PAR] Ataturk and the Modernization of Turkey [PAR] Ataturk is the national hero of Turkey. He founded the modern Turkish Republic out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire; an empire that was seen as the sick man of Europe at the turn of the century. His modern perspective created a new nation and a country, and a secular state understanding different from most other Islamic countries was introduced by him. Once you step in Turkey, you will see his statues and the busts all over. One of the best books written about Ataturk from a foreigner's point of view is the book titled \" The Rebirth of a Nation\" by Lord Kinross. [PAR] He was born in the year 1881 in Thessaloniki, at that time, within the Ottoman Empire's borders at that time, in Greece at present . His full name was Mustafa Kemal and the Ataturk surname, meaning the father of Turks, was given to him by the Turkish people (1934 November 24th.) in accordance with the reforms he introduced to create a modern Turkish country. [PAR] His background was military, and he served in various posts in the Ottoman army. During the First World War , he was the colonel in charge of Infantry at Gallipoli in 1915 and it was his genious defense tactics that prevented the allied forces ( British, French, Anzacs - Australians and New Zealenders and Senegalese) from capturing the Dardanelles and eventually Bosphorus. [PAR] His success and fast growing reputation disturbed the capital and to keep him under control he was promoted to Pasha ( General ). When the War ended the armies of the allied forces occupied nearly all corners of the country including Istanbul . Sultan and many of the people saw a hopeful future in the acceptance of either the British or American mandate. Ataturk, however, had a very different vision. He left Istanbul in a small boat, namely Bandirma ( a nice model of the boat may be seen at the Ataturk Museum in Ataturk's Mausoleum, Ankara), going ashore at Samsun, a coastal town in the Black Sea, on the 19th. of May 1919 ( a date later to be presented by Ataturk to the Turkish Youth as the Turkish Youth Day), the day the War of Independence began. He wanted Independence. [PAR] First with skirmishes , in time with proper army troops, Ataturk and his army friends' armies started fighting the enemy. Ankara was chosen to be Ataturk's headquarter for its central location and the seeds of a new country were planted there. He and his friends wanted to replace the Monarchy with a Republic. The War of Independence took some three years and by the end of the year 1922, all of the invaders had left the country. The Ottoman Sultan fled in a British boat. The birth of a new nation had begun. [PAR] Ataturk's Revolutions [PAR] The Sultanete was abolished in 1922, November 1st. [PAR] The Republic was declared in 1923, October 29th. [PAR] The Caliphship was abolished in 1924, March 3rd. [PAR] Social Reformations [PAR] The hat as opposed to fez was introduced. (1925) [PAR] The activities of religious sects were banned by law. ( 1925) [PAR] Western calender was introduced. ( 1925) [PAR] International numeric system was introduced. ( 1928) [PAR] The Metric system was introduced. ( 1931) [PAR] The nicknames and personal titles were abolished. ( 1934) [PAR] Religious attire was prohibited in public ( 1934). According to this law, religious personalities, irrespective"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Japanese info - chinaminer.canadutch.ca Japanese info [PAR] [PAR] Nippon (1891 - 1921) [PAR] The McKinley Tariff, which took effect October 1,1890, required that all imported goods be stamped in English with their country of origin. [PAR] Click here for information on the McKinley Tariff [PAR] At the time, \"NIPPON\" was considered to be an acceptable name for Japan, so most Japanese ceramics of this period were backstamped \"NIPPON\" or \"HAND PAINTED NIPPON.\" often with artist or maker marks as well. However, not all were stamped that way. There were still unmarked pieces, and pieces stamped \"JAPAN\" as well. [PAR] . If your piece does not have a country listed, it is possible it dates before the early 1890s. Of course, there are exceptions, so be careful making assumptions! [PAR] These are the so-called \" [PAR] Nippon wares\". (Some of the finest examples of Japanese ceramics were made during this period). However, the rule doesn't apply for items exported other countries nor always in [PAR] America because sometimes paper labels and the like were used. So while finding a back stamp saying \" [PAR] Nippon \" is a useful dating aid its absence is not determinative. [PAR] There is also the possibility of pieces having both\"Hand Painted Nippon\" and \"Made in Japan\" in the same mark.Some people might place a higher value on these but not everyone. [PAR] There are also 'Transitional' marks which are identical to the 'Nippon' marks used previously but now state \"Made in Japan\". Companies later changed their marks. [PAR] [PAR] Fake Nippon [PAR] Fake Nippon first appeared on the market in the early 1980's. The early reproductions were poorly decorated and had fake back stamps which could easily be differentiated from the authentic back stamps by knowledgeable collectors. However, many novice Nippon collectors were fooled by these pieces and unknowingly added these \"fakes\" to their collections. [PAR] Over time the companies making these fake pieces have perfected the M-in-wreath back stamp. It is impossible to tell the authentic back stamp from this new fake! Additionally, other authentic back stamps such as the Maple Leaf and Rising Sun were also being used on fake pieces. While these fake back stamps were slightly different from the authentic back stamps and definitely not as perfect as the M-in-wreath fake back stamp, they could fool collectors. [PAR] Recently, thanks to the efforts of the Noritake Company, U.S. Customs has ruled that the fake M-in-wreath mark is counterfeit and not allowed for importation into the United States. Because of this ruling, wholesalers, for the time being, have stopped marking their fake Nippon with the Noritake Company back stamps (including the Maple Leaf, Rising Sun, and RC marks). Fake Nippon is now being sold 'unsigned'; that is, with no back stamp. The items come into the United States with a paper label identifying the country it was made in. Of course, the paper label is easily removed leaving the item 'unsigned.' [PAR] In addition to changes in the back stamps, the actual mold style and decoration of the fake Nippon has been improving. In fact some of the newer fakes are being copied from original patterns used during the Nippon era, making them reproductions not fakes. The quality of these reproductions, while much improved over past fakes, is still not quite right and the feel of the porcelain is wrong. However, the overall quality of these reproductions is getting better all of the time and it's imperative for collectors to be aware of this [PAR] [PAR] Site of Nippon Collector's club; http://www.nipponcollectorsclub.com/ [PAR] . [PAR] Noritake (1921 - 1941) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mekong River - Infoplease Mekong [PAR] Encyclopedia > Places > Asia > Southeast Asia Physical Geography [PAR] Mekong [PAR] Mekong (m\u0101\u02c8k\u014fng, m\u0113\u02c8\u2013) [ key ], Chinese Lancang, one of the great rivers of SE Asia, c.2,600 mi (4,180 km) long. From its marshy source (definitively identified in 1994) on the Rup-sa Pass in the highlands of Tibet, it rises as the Za Qu (Dza Chu) and flows generally S through Yunnan prov. in deep gorges and over rapids. Leaving Yunnan, the Mekong forms the Myanmar-Laos border, then curves E and S through NW Laos before marking part of the Laos-Thailand border. [PAR] From SW Laos the river descends onto the Cambodian plain, where it receives water from T\u00f4nl\u00e9 Sap during the dry season by way of the T\u00f4nl\u00e9 Sap River; during the rainy season, however, the floodwaters of the Mekong reverse the direction of the T\u00f4nl\u00e9 Sap River and flow into T\u00f4nl\u00e9 Sap, a lake that is a natural reservoir. The Mekong River finally flows into the South China Sea through many distributaries in the vast Mekong delta (c.75,000 sq mi/194,250 sq km), which occupies SE Cambodia and S Vietnam. The delta, crisscrossed by many channels and canals, is one of the greatest rice-growing areas of Asia. It is a densely populated region; Vinh Long, Can Tho, and Long Xuyen are the chief towns there. Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) is located just east of the delta. The Mekong delta was the scene of heavy fighting in the Vietnam War . [PAR] The Mekong River is navigable for large vessels c.340 mi (550 km) upstream; Phnom Penh is a major port. North of the Cambodian border, the Mekong was navigable in short sections, but dams and other developments have increased the reach of river traffic in the 21st cent. At Khone Falls, a series of rapids (6 mi/9.7 km long) in S Laos, the Mekong drops 72 ft (22 m). The falls are the site of a hydroelectric power station, part of the Mekong Scheme, a project undertaken by the United Nations in the early 1960s to develop the potentials of the lower Mekong basin. The project sought to improve navigation, provide irrigation facilities, and produce hydroelectricity. [PAR] The Mekong River Commission, whose members consist of Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, have agreed to pursue sustainable hydropower and irrigation projects and to explore the establishment of fisheries and the construction of a trans-Indochinese roadway system. Laos in particular is undertaking an extensive hydroelectric development of the river and its tributaries. China is developing the upper Mekong, constructing a series of dams to provide hydroelectric power and a navigable waterway; the first, at Manwan, was completed in 1993. In 2010 a report to the commission recommended that no dams that span the full breadth of the river channel be built on the lower Mekong for 10 years because of projected losses to fisheries and other environmental damage that could worsen poverty despite the revenues from producing hydroelectricity. [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Mekong Valley | Article about Mekong Valley by The Free ... Mekong Valley | Article about Mekong Valley by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Mekong Valley | Article about Mekong Valley by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Mekong+Valley [PAR] Related to Mekong Valley: Mekong River [PAR] Mekong [PAR] (m\u0101`k\u014fng, m\u0113`\u2013), Chinese Lancang, one of the great rivers of SE Asia, c.2,600 mi (4,180 km) long. From its marshy source (definitively identified in 1994) on the Rup-sa Pass in the highlands of Tibet, it rises as the Za"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Travel to Isfahan now - Panoramic Photography and Map ... Travel to Isfahan now - Panoramic Photography and Map - 360Cities [PAR] Isfahan [PAR] History and Overview [PAR] Isfahan is located in central Iran, equidistant from the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. It sits on both the east-west and north-south trade routes which traverse the country. [PAR] Isfahan has artifacts dating back to the Paleolithic period, and written history going back to ancient Aspandana. At one time Isfahan was among the largest cities in the world. [PAR] It has twice been the capital city of Persia -- during the Parthian Empire and again in the sixteenth century Safavid dynasty. It was here that the Safavids declared Shi'a Islam to be the empire's official religion, one of the most important markers in Islamic history. [PAR] Modern day Isfahan has one of the largest steel mills in the region, an air force base and a major oil refinery. The art and architecture in Isfahan rival anything else in the world in terms of beauty and intricacy. [PAR] Getting There [PAR] The airport is found 20km to the north-east of the city; you can reach it by taxi or bus. The airport shuttle bus goes to and from Enghelab-e Eslami Square. [PAR] Transportation [PAR] It costs about 4500 rials to hire a taxi for an hour, and it's a good idea to grab one if you plan on visiting some of the more distant sights. [PAR] The main bus station is about 2km north of Shohoda Square. Here you can get buses to other cities in Iran, like Yazd or Tehran. Once a week a bus goes up to Istanbul. [PAR] People and Culture [PAR] Iranians are extremely hospitable and a growing number of them speak English, so it is possible to get by on a visit without needing to speak Farsi. [PAR] As always, it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the local customs before visiting a new place. In Iran, for example, it's not polite to blow your nose in company and it is not customary for men and women to shake hands. It is better to err on the side of caution if you are not sure how to avoid offending someone. [PAR] The local currency is the rial, however locals speak about prices in tomans (one toman = ten rials). The rial is about 12,000IRR to the Euro as of February 2009 so you can see why they have a term for reducing the number by a factor of ten. US dollars and British pounds are the best currencies to bring with you, and be sure to declare all your currency at customs when you enter the country. [PAR] The food in Iran favors fresh vegetables and fruits along with long grain rice, bread and grilled meats. Kebab is the the most common preparation of meat, did you know that came from Iran? [PAR] Keep an eye out for Abgoosht, it's a thick lamb stew with lentils and potatos, served with bread in a special container. [PAR] Things to do, Recommendations [PAR] The Zayande Roud River is a nice place to go for a walk in some open space. [PAR] Visit Naghshe Jahan square for the craftsmen's shops displaying amazing handiwork. Make sure you get some Gaz, it's the special candy of Isfahan, delicious! [PAR] Before it's too hot in the mid-day, go for a walk at Najvan Park, it offers amazing views and a deep silent atmosphere. [PAR] When you're ready to do some shopping there are several malls to pick from. Mojtame Park,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was supposed to have told the Arabian Nights tales Who was supposed to have told the Arabian Nights tales [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Who was supposed to have told the Arabian Nights tales [PAR] This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Who was supposed to have told the Arabian Nights tales [PAR] danmwazo posted a question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 4:29am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 4:31am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29628974) ]} [PAR] The best way to approach your question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29628975) ]} [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29628993) ]} [PAR] muriladon answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 4:32am [PAR] authors, translators, and scholars across West, Central, and South Asia and North Africa. The tales themselves... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29629008) ]} [PAR] larrose. answered the question \u00b7 May 20, 2016 at 4:33am [PAR] One Nights\u2019 told by Scheherazade , the woman who effectively invented the cliffhanger: the story goes that she was one of... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29629014) ]} [PAR] Unit VI Essay The list below includes provocative discussions related to the events in the unit's reading. You will choose one and write a 500 word minimum [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an US History tutor? [PAR] Prof-Alejandro [PAR] 2 US History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] The Arabian Nights | Candlelight Stories: Unusual Films ... The Arabian Nights | Candlelight Stories [PAR] Candlelight Stories [PAR] UNUSUAL FILMS, GAMES, AUDIO, STORIES, and TAROT READINGS [PAR] Menu \u2630 [PAR] The Arabian Nights [PAR] \u201cIs it possible, that by telling these tales, one might indeed save one\u2019s self?\u201d [PAR] The character, Scheherezade thought so. In fact, she tells each of the Arabian Nights tales in order to survive a little longer at the mercy of her listener, the Sultan. [PAR] The Arabian Nights stories are some of the world\u2019s great treasures. They have existed for thousands of years, consisting of tales told in Persia, Arabia, India and Asia. The Arabian Nights (also known as The 1001 Arabian Nights) have inspired writers the world over with the ancient power of story. [PAR] There are versions of these stories in many languages and they all convey the great sense of adventure, truth, fantastic imagination, justice, and faith embodied by the great civilizations that contributed stories and ideas to the collection. [PAR] The Arabian Nights include fairy tales, fables, romances, farces, legends, and parables. The tales use a sweeping variety of settings, including Baghdad, Basrah, Cairo and Damascus, as well as China, Greece, India, North"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Alps - Highest Mountain Range in Europe - English Online The Alps - Highest Mountain Range in Europe [PAR] The Alps [PAR] [PAR] The Alps are the youngest and highest mountain system in Europe. They stretch across the western and southern part of the continent in a broad arc. The mountain range starts near the Mediterranean Sea on the border between France and Italy. Then it curves north- and eastward through northern Italy, Switzerland Liechtenstein, southern Germany, Austria and Slovenia. [PAR] The Alps are about 1,000 km long, the broadest section over 260 km wide. The highest peak, Mont Blanc, situated on the border between France, Italy and Switzerland, rises 4807 meters above sea level . Other famous peaks are the Monte Rosa, the Matterhorn, the Gro\u00dfglockner and the Zugspitze. [PAR] [PAR] The whole mountain range is divided into three sections: [PAR] The western Alps lie west of the Great St. Bernard Pass and include the highest mountains. [PAR] The central Alps lie between the Great St. Bernard and Lake Constance. [PAR] The eastern Alps stretch east of Lake Constance into Austria, northern Italy, southern Germany and Slovenia. They are the lowest section of the mountain range . [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] How the Alps were formed [PAR] Millions of years ago the area of today\u2019s Alps was covered by a large sea that separated Europe and Africa. The southern land mass started moving northwards. This movement folded rock layers at the bottom of the sea. Heat and pressure transformed the rock and pushed the material upwards . Today these regions are the highest parts of the Alps. Most of the newly formed rock is granite and gneiss, but many ranges consist of limestone which also formed on the seabed. [PAR] During the Ice Age, which started about a million years ago, the Alps were covered with a thick blanket of snow. Glaciers moved down valleys and made them wider and deeper. As they moved they took rock and other material with them, creating moraines. When glaciers started to melt water filled up behind these natural dams and created the alpine lakes we know today. [PAR] The largest of these glaciers is the Aletsch in Switzerland which reaches a length of about 25 km. The longest glacier of the eastern Alps is the 8 km long Pasterze, at the foot of the Gro\u00dfglockner. [PAR] The ice and snow of the alpine regions helped create the large rivers of today : the Rhine, Rhone, Danube and the Po. [PAR] The Aletsch Glacier in Switzerland - Jo Simon on Flickr [PAR] [PAR] Climate [PAR] In general, the Alps have a highlands climate . Higher areas are colder than the valleys and they get more rainfall and snow because cold air cannot hold as much moisture as warm air. [PAR] Sometimes warm dry foehn winds, blow downward along the mountain sides. The air originates in the Mediterranean area, climbs over the southern Alps where it loses almost all of its moisture and on the back side becomes so dry and warm that its melts the snow and ice . This often leads to a rise in temperature of up to 20 \u00b0C in the colder valleys . [PAR] [PAR] Plants and vegetation [PAR] Many kinds of plants grow in the various areas of the Alps. The valleys have rich, green pastures with beech and oak trees growing in the lower regions. These trees are deciduous, which means they lose their leaves each year. [PAR] The higher areas are dominated by evergreens mainly spruce, pine and fir trees. Above the tree line,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] To Salvage Its Democracy, Israel Must Be Divided Into Cantons To Salvage Its Democracy, Israel Must Be Divided Into Cantons | The Huffington Post [PAR] To Salvage Its Democracy, Israel Must Be Divided Into Cantons [PAR] 05/27/2015 09:00 am ET | Updated May 27, 2016 [PAR] Carlo Strenger Professor of Psychology and Philosophy, Tel Aviv University [PAR] ASSOCIATED PRESS [PAR] It turns out that liberal democracy has its limits; it can't bridge yawning gaps -- even within Israel's Jewish community, for example. [PAR] For a number of years I have argued that Israel's internal differences -- not only between Jews and Arabs, but among Jews -- are so large that the country should be divided into cantons linked in a federative structure. Last year, with Haaretz's Judd Yadid, I presented a detailed proposal on how such a cantonal structure could look. [PAR] The first weeks of Benjamin Netanyahu's new government show that such a proposal is timelier than ever. Barely sworn in, its statements, policy proposals and steps show that it might use its tenure, brief as it may be, to irreparably damage Israel's democracy. [PAR] I'd like to present an unorthodox explanation for why Netanyahu's team is doing this, and why a federative structure might salvage Israel's democracy. [PAR] Deputy Defense Minister Eli Ben-Dahan has taken the Knesset podium to defend his ministry's decision to provide separate buses for Jews and Palestinians in the West Bank. But the government halted this plan because it realized the catastrophic international repercussions of a step reeking of apartheid -- even when rationalized by security measures -- not because it considers the move grievously wrong. (Incidentally, the army was strictly against the separate bus policy.) [PAR] Likud's Tzipi Hotovely is deputy foreign minister, which, given that there is no foreign minister, means she is acting foreign minister. Hotovely has told the Foreign Ministry staff that Israeli ambassadors should tell foreign governments the truth -- that God gave all of Israel to the Jewish people and therefore it is simply ours by right. [PAR] The new culture minister, Miri Regev, has said she does not intend to allow art that harms Israel's image. \"If I need to censor something, I will,\" she said. [PAR] And the new justice, minister, Ayelet Shaked, has declared that governance must return to the people's control by working toward the abolition of the Supreme Court's ability to block legislation. [PAR] Add to this that Netanyahu, who has kept the Communications Ministry under his personal command, has already taken steps to interfere with the press. For example, he is putting pressure on Channel 10, which he has tried to close down for a while now. [PAR] Let me add the cherry from outside the coalition on the icing of this lovely cake: Yisrael Beiteinu leader Avigdor Lieberman, who single-handedly forced Netanyahu to form a coalition based on 61 MKs by not joining. [PAR] He now attacks his former boss for having scheduled a meeting with Ayman Odeh, the leader of the United Arab List -- a meeting required by democratic etiquette. Lieberman called on Netanyahu to cancel the meeting because it \"legitimizes the fifth column operating in the Knesset.\" [PAR] Nothing in this potpourri of events should be surprising. The lamentations by Israeli liberals that the right has become racist and is trying to undermine democracy have been voiced for a long time -- and for good reason. [PAR] But lamentations won't help; we need to look at the facts without blinking. Hotovely genuinely believes that God gave all of Israel to the Jews. Regev deeply believes that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leonardo's Last Supper - Visit the masterpiece of Leonardo ... Leonardo's Last Supper - Visit the masterpiece of Leonardo da Vinci [PAR] Leonardo's Last Supper [PAR] Book online the ticket to visit Leonardo's Last Supper [PAR] The Last Supper is one of Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s most popular works and the most famous of Last Supper\u2019s representations ever created. [PAR] Such a masterpiece dating back to the Renaissance is preserved at Santa Maria delle Grazie - a church and Dominican convent in Milan \u2013 and represents an important piece for all those who love Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s Renaissance painting. [PAR] Leonardo\u2019s Last Supper shows the dramatic moment of Jesus Christ\u2019s final meal with his twelve Apostles, as mentioned in the Gospel according to John (13:21). During the meal, Jesus predicts that one of his disciples will betray him. [PAR] The twelve apostles are placed around him and we can see they\u2019re noticeably upset by the Prophet\u2019s words. It is just in the representation of emotions on the faces of the 13 personages that stands the magnificence of Leonardo\u2019s masterpiece: he makes visible the \u201csoul motions\u201d, an essential element for an artist, as mentioned by the same Leonardo in his A Treatise on Painting. [PAR] Jesus with the Apostles - detail of the Last Supper [PAR] Book online the ticket to visit Leonardo's Last Supper [PAR] The Last Supper was oil-painted on plaster, with a particular technique: a panel painting on dry walls never used before for frescoes. [PAR] Probably this is the distinctive feature that makes Leonardo\u2019s works unique in the world: the experimentation of new techniques, which unfortunately were unsuitable for a good conservation with the passing of time. [PAR] As a matter of fact, also The Last Supper had a series of serious problems for conservation and so it underwent several restorations, which gradually lessened the peculiar features of Leonardo\u2019s painting. [PAR] During 2nd World War, Santa Maria delle Grazie was seriously bombed but the painting remained intact and in 1977 it underwent its last great restoration that lasted over 20 years. [PAR] The intervention of the world\u2019s greatest experts was able not just to restore the work, but also, through careful studies, to totally recreate Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s stroke, bringing to light again the uniqueness of The Last Supper. [PAR] Apostles - detail of Leonardo's Last Supper [PAR] Book online the ticket to visit Leonardo's Last Supper [PAR] Nowadays, Leonardo\u2019s masterpiece was made even more famous by the book written by Dan Brown The Da Vinci Code - and later by the movie \u2013 which fascinated millions people from all over the world, who today come to Milan to visit the famous painting and try to discover the mysteries the writer talked about. [PAR] The painting and the Church Santa Maria delle Grazie are part of UNESCO World Heritage [PAR] The Museum is open from Tuesday to Sunday from 8.15 a.m. to 7 p.m. (admission allowed until 6.45 p.m.). Close on Mondays, on 1st January, 1st May, 25th December. [PAR] [PAR] Booking is required and it\u2019s also possible to book online . [PAR] [PAR] Below, you\u2019ll find our suggestions for guided tours to see The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci:[DOC] [TLE] The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci - tickitaly.com, Italy The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci - information & booking [PAR] The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci - information & booking [PAR] Milan attraction map and transport information [PAR] The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy - visitor information [PAR] Henry James called it \u2018an illustrious invalid\u2019 while Aldous Huxley called it \u2018the saddest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Rivers of Italy | Italy - Life In Italy Top 10 Rivers of Italy | Italy [PAR] Top 10 Rivers of Italy [PAR] Map [PAR] Submitted by ancos on Thu, 09/10/2015 - 00:00 [PAR] There are plenty of splendid and beautiful rivers across Italy where one can get a glimpse of the natural scenic beauty located amidst calm surroundings. [PAR] [PAR] They are famous for their history, for the scenery, the lovely little towns along their banks or the sports and activities, like rafting , you can do on their waters. [PAR] The longest rivers are located in the North, because the peninsular part of Italy is cut in half by the Apennines. Nevertheless, there are important rivers in the South and in the islands of Italy, too. Here is a look at Italy's top ten most important rivers: [PAR] [PAR] 1) Po [PAR] Po is the longest river in Italy and it flows through some of the most vital cities in the country, such as Turin, Ferrara and Piacenza. This river measures 405 miles in length and 1,650 feet at its width. It is definitely small when compared to the Nile or the Yangtze, yet it remains the longest in the Bel Paese. Around 141 tributaries feed this vast river along with a catchment basin of around 27,000 sq miles that leads to the plains of Val Padana. [PAR] [PAR] River Po in Turin, in Parco Valentino. [PAR] Ph. \u00a9Depositphoto.com/poissonenciel [PAR] 2) Adige [PAR] [PAR] The Adige is the second largest river of Italy after the Po. It originates on the Alps, in the area marking the border between Italy, Austria and Switzerland. Little trivia: the Adige forms the artificial lake Reschen, situated at the Reschen Pass just over the Inn valley. This lake is known for hiding within an abandoned, underwater village , whose church belfry still rises from the waters. [PAR] [PAR] Verona and the River Adige. [PAR] Ph. \u00a9Depositphoto.com/ActiActi [PAR] [PAR] 3) Piave [PAR] This river flows through the Northern part of Italy, springing in the Alps and clearing its water into the Gulf of Venice. It's called the \"Fiume Sacro alla Patria\" (River Sacred to the Country) in memory of the hard battles fought on its banks during World War I, and remembered in many popular songs, chief among them \" La Leggenda del Piave \" (The Legend of Piave). Today it is one of the principal water sources for the agricultural farms and hydroelectric power station in the plains of Veneto. [PAR] [PAR] 4) Savio [PAR] The river Savio is located across northern Italy and has its source close to Montecoronaro located on Mount Castelvecchio. The source of this river is situated at a height of 1,126 meters. It has a well-preserved natural environment across Romagna and comprises of The River Savio National Park. [PAR] [PAR] 5) Tiber [PAR] The Tiber is regarded as the third largest rivers of Italy. It springs from the Apennines and flows for about 406 kms along Umbria and Lazio, until he reaches the Tyrrhenian Sea. This river is especially known for being the main water basin touching the eternal city, Rome. The source of Tiber comprises of two springs located around 10 meters apart from each other, towards Mount Fumaiolo. The name \"Le Vene\" is given to these springs. It seems that the city of Rome was founded on the banks of the Tiber in the year 753 B.C. This river was vital for trade and commerce during ancient times, as ships were able to reach up to 100 kms upwards. [PAR] [PAR] Tiber"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Verona, Italy: City of Romance and Beauty - OffbeatTravel.com Verona, Italy: City of Romance and Beauty [PAR] RSS Feed [PAR] Verona, Italy: City of Romance and Beauty [PAR] Venice is the incomparable city of canals. Rome, the seat of the Empire stretching back into antiquity. Florence is known for its art. Yet there is another city that should be added to this list of Italian stars -- Verona, a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) designated world heritage site. The riches of Verona -- its colorful history, elegant shops, vibrant markets and lively atmosphere make it one of the under-discovered gems of Italy. [PAR] Our New Book [PAR] Verona History [PAR] Nestled along the banks of the Adige River, Verona has long been a desirable city. The Romans favored its location, colonizing it in 89 B.C. Even today the Roman heart of the city is easy to find. The Arena is still at its center, and there are bronze maps literally embedded in the side-walks that show that old city within modern Verona. [PAR] Later on, Verona became the site of the free-for-all turf wars that characterized much of Italian (and European) history. These tug-of-war power struggles led to a series of rivalries culminating in the late 1200s with the ascendancy of the della Scalas (also known as the Scaligeri) who added a love of art to their pursuit of power. Their names, after the founding father's Bartolomeo della Scala, had a canine theme. Cangrande I (Big Dog) was the patron of Dante (of Dante's Inferno fame). [PAR] Not a family to sit idly, under Cangrande's watch Verona captured several smaller cities. The dynasty was continued by the heirs, Mastino II (the Mastiff) and Cansignorio (Lord Dog). Eventually, fearing the end of their reign, the Castelvecchio was built, perhaps a monument to the family's might and power. The buildings today are among Verona's priceless architectural heritage. [PAR] Eventually Verona decided to join the tiny empire of Venice, although that relationship was not without strife. From that point, rulers came and rulers went, including both Napoleon and Austria, until finally Verona become one of the Kingdom of Italy in the mid 1800s. [PAR] Verona Sightseeing [PAR] Start with the Roman Arena in the Piazza Bra. The Arena was built in the 1st Century AD and is one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters in Italy. Seating 25,000 people, it is actually used today as a theater for the July and August opera season. The setting couldn't be more perfect, although you may want to bring a cushion and make reservations in advance. Although the Roman Gavi Arch and several town gates still exist, the other important piece of Roman Verona is the Teatro Romano which is still used as a summer theater. It's located in another section of the city, across the river via the Ponte Pietra (Stone Bridge). [PAR] The Piazza Bra is an stylish area lined with cafes, government buildings and shops but this elegance belies its history as a local livestock marketplace. There is a tourist information office at the southern end of the Piazza near the town hall which may be a good place to start your touring. [PAR] From the Bra, enjoy a stroll up the Via Mazzini past the fashionable shops. It's for pedestrians only so take your time and savor the stores, and the people. [PAR] The Via Mazzini ends at Via Cappello, the street where Juliet lived and loved Romeo. The house at No. 23 Via Cappello is, as expected, a major tourist stop. There's the famous balcony (which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Greece:The Revolution to the 20th Century History of Greece:The Revolution to the 20th Century [PAR] History of Greece [PAR] The Greek Revolution of 1821 [PAR] Contrary to popular opinion there never was a country called Greece or Hellas until the Revolution of 1821. When rebellion against the Ottoman Empire gave birth to Hellas, Hellenic-speaking people had a national homeland for the first time in history. [PAR] In 1821 the land that was known as Greece is controlled by the Turks, except for the Ionian islands which has been occupied by the Venetians, then the French and in 1815 by the British. The rebellion of the Greeks actually begins in Moldavia when an army of 4500 Hellenes led by General Alexander Ypsilantis, a Phanariot from the so-named district of Istanbul, a member of the Philike Hetairia (Friendly Society), invades hoping to encourage the local Romanian peasants to throw off the yoke of the Turks. Instead they attack their wealthy countrymen and the Greeks have to escape. When the revolution breaks out in the Peloponessos, the Sultan in Istanbul hangs the Patriarch Grigorios V for failing to keep the Greek Christians in line which they considered his duty for the vast privileges they allowed him. The Phanariot Greeks fall in line behind the new patriarch and condemn the revolution. But in the Peloponessos the rebellion is making progress and combined with Ali Pasha's rebellion in Ipirus the Turks have their hands full. On March 25th 1821 Bishop Germanos of Patras raises the flag of revolution at the monastery of Agia Lavra near Kalavrita and the battle cry of \"Freedom or Death\" becomes the motto of the revolution. But historian David Brewer in his Greece, The Hidden Centuries: Turkish Rule from the Fall of Constantinople to Greek Independence disagrees, stating that the story of the flag raising at Agia Lavra was apparently an invention by Francois Pouqueville, a prominent architect of the Philhellenism movement throughout Europe, who contributed to the liberation of the Greeks, and to the rebirth of the Greek Nation. [PAR] Nevertheless, fighting begins to break out all over with massacres committed by both the Greeks and the Turks. On the island of Chios 25,000 Greeks are killed while in the Peloponessos the Greeks kill 15,000 of the 40,000 Turks living there. It would be unfair to over-look Ali Pasha and the fact that the insurrection of 1821 was actually something of an Albanian affair and that the Chios massacre was a consequence of this. The Chiotes had enormous privileges under the Ottomans even to the point of dominating the Ottoman admiralty. It was the role of the Chios 'navy' in the revolt that was seen as an act of treason by the Turks, though in Brewer's book the Chios navy was less than eager to join the fray and the cause of the Turkish invasion was the fact that the Samos navy has landed on the island and occupied the citadel. [PAR] On March 13th 1821, twelve days before the official beginning of the War of Independence, the first 'revolutionary flag' was actually raised on the island of Spetses by Laskarina Bouboulina (though there were several revolutionary flags which could lay claim to being the first, including Hydra). Twice widowed with 7 children but extremely rich she owned several ships. On April 3rd Spetses revolted, followed by the islands of Hydra and Psara with a total of over 300 ships between them. Bouboulina and her fleet of 8 ships sailed to Nafplion and took part in the siege of the impregnable fortress there. Her later attack"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iceland country profile - BBC News Iceland country profile - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] A sparsely-populated North Atlantic island, Iceland is famous for its hot springs, geysers and active volcanoes. Lava fields cover much of the land and hot water is pumped from under the ground to supply much of the country's heating. [PAR] Iceland became an independent republic in 1944 and went on to become one of the world's most prosperous economies. However, the collapse of the banking system in 2008 exposed that prosperity as having been built on a dangerously vulnerable economic model. [PAR] The affluence enjoyed by Icelanders before 2008 initially rested on the fishing industry, but with the gradual contraction of this sector the Icelandic economy developed into new areas. [PAR] Area 103,000 sq km (39,769 sq miles) [PAR] Major language Icelandic [PAR] Life expectancy 80 years (men), 84 years (women) [PAR] Currency krona [PAR] President: Gudni Johannesson [PAR] Image copyright AFP [PAR] Image caption President-elect Gudni Johannesson, with his wife Eliza Reid, at an election party in Reykjavik in June 2016. [PAR] University historian Gudni Johannesson won Iceland's presidential election in June 2016 on his 48th birthday. [PAR] He secured 39.1% of the vote, ahead of Halla Tomasdottir, a private equity executive, on 27.9%. [PAR] A political outsider, he campaigned for the largely ceremonial post by pledging to restore Icelanders' faith in their system of government after years of public dissatisfaction with politicians first sparked by the country's banking collapse in 2010. [PAR] Mr Johanesson succeeded Olafur Ragnar Grimsson, who stepped down in August 2016 after 20 years. [PAR] Prime minister: Sigurdur Ingi Johannsson (resigned) [PAR] Image copyright EPA [PAR] Image caption Mr Johannsson resigned in October 2016 after a snap parliamentary election [PAR] Sigurdur Ingi Johannsson resigned as prime minister in October 2016 after a snap election saw his Progressive Party lose more than half of its seats. [PAR] The parliamentary election was triggered by the resignation of Mr Johannsson's predecessor, Sigmundur Gunnlaugsson, during public protests in April 2016 after leaked legal documents from the Panama law firm Mossack Fonseca revealed his offshore holdings. [PAR] No party gained a parliamentary majority in an election dominated by public anger at Iceland's traditional elites and a strong desire for political change. [PAR] While the anti-establishment Pirate Party made significant gains, the conservative Independence Party, a governing coalition partner since 2013, emerged as the biggest party but will need the support of at least two other parties to form a coalition government. [PAR] MEDIA [PAR] National radio and TV is provided by the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV), a public-service broadcaster owned by the state. [PAR] The RUV is obliged to promote the Icelandic language and the nation's history and cultural heritage. Its services are funded by a licence fee, and by advertising revenues. [PAR] Press titles include privately-owned and party-affiliated newspapers. The constitution guarantees press freedom. [PAR] Some key dates in Iceland's history: [PAR] 1918 - Iceland achieves full self-government under the Danish crown. [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption A view of Iceland's capital Reykjavik [PAR] 1940 - German forces occupy Denmark. British forces occupy Iceland. [PAR] 1941 - The United States takes over the defence of Iceland and stations tens of thousands of troops there. [PAR] 1943 - The Treaty of Union with Denmark runs out, with Denmark still occupied by Nazi Germany. [PAR] 1944 - Icelanders vote in a referendum overwhelmingly to cut all ties with Denmark and become a republic. The Republic of Iceland is proclaimed. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Copenhagen: Tivoli, Danish Royalty And The Little Mermaid ... Copenhagen: Tivoli, Danish Royalty And The Little Mermaid \u2013 amyairlines [PAR] Copenhagen: Tivoli, Danish Royalty And The Little Mermaid [PAR] Tivoli Amusement Park [PAR] After spending New Years in Hamburg, my family and I headed up to Denmark by bus to visit the spectacular capital city of Copenhagen (K\u00f8benhavn). [PAR] Copenhagen City Hall [PAR] The first thing I noticed about the city as we drove through were the neat and tidy geometric brick buildings and the prevalent use of bicycles on the road. Copenhagen is proud to be known as one of the world\u2019s most bike-friendly cities. [PAR] Our hotel was right by the central station, so we went to explore the surrounding area with the help of my mum\u2019s Danish friend who showed us around. There was an eclectic mix of modern and old going on in the centre, like these fancy new buildings under construction near the station. [PAR] Copenhagen Cathedral [PAR] The Copenhagen Cathedral or The Church of Our Lady is the national cathedral of Denmark. It looked more like a palace inside than a church and for good reason \u2013 there has been many Danish royal weddings and events held here. [PAR] The Little Pharmacy [PAR] We had lunch at Det lille Apotek or The Little Pharmacy, which claimed to be the oldest restaurant and coffee house in Copenhagen. In 1720, a pharmacist converted his pharmacy into a restaurant after his unique home distilled spirits became popular with the locals. [PAR] The Round Tower spiral walk [PAR] The Round Tower or Rundetaarn is one of the most famous landmarks of the city since 1642. University astronomers used the tower as an observatory and the old Library Hall is used for gallery exhibitions and concerts. [PAR] View from the Round Tower [PAR] To get to the lookout at the top, you have to walk up the long spiral ramp which winds seven and a half times around the tower core \u2013 so no stairs until the very few at the end! [PAR] Frederik\u2019s Church [PAR] Frederik\u2019s Church or the Marble Church is located west of the winter home of the Danish royal family, Amalienborg Palace. The royal mansions surround an octagonal plaza manned by guards \u2013 we saw a lot of tourists taking candid photos with them! [PAR] The Little Mermaid [PAR] Denmark is also home to famous fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen, who penned stories like The Little Mermaid, The Ugly Duckling and The Snow Queen. On Copenhagen\u2019s harbour promenade is a small statue of Andersen\u2019s The Little Mermaid, which is a famous tourist spot and also notorious for being painted over and beheaded twice by artists. [PAR] Tivoli Gardens [PAR] On our last night in Copenhagen, we went to Tivoli which is one of the oldest amusement parks in the world. Usually theme parks are far away from the cities, but this one was located smack bang in the city centre next to the station! [PAR] The night was bitterly cold but we thoroughly enjoyed ourselves. My brother went on The Demon roller coaster ride in the Chinatown quarter, which looked terrifying but only lasted for under two minutes (the price tag was also terrifying at 75 DKK). [PAR] My dad and I went on the somewhat tamer but more famous wooden roller coaster called Rutschebanen, which is one of the world\u2019s oldest wooden roller coasters still operating today. [PAR] The Rutschebanen wooden roller coaster [PAR] Although we only had a few days in Copenhagen, we all enjoyed ourselves a lot \u2013 much"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vltava River | river, Czech Republic | Britannica.com Vltava River | river, Czech Republic | Britannica.com [PAR] river, Czech Republic [PAR] Volga River [PAR] Vltava River, German Moldau, river , the longest in the Czech Republic , flowing 270 miles (435 km). Its drainage basin is 10,847 square miles (28,093 square km). The river rises in southwestern Bohemia from two headstreams in the Bohemian Forest , the Tepl\u00e1 Vltava and the Studen\u00e1 Vltava. It flows first southeast, then north across Bohemia, and empties into the Elbe (Czech: Labe) River at M\u011bln\u00edk, 18 miles (29 km) north of Prague . Prague and \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice are on the Vltava. At \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, in the river\u2019s middle basin, is an extensive lake region. The middle and lower course of the Vltava is gorgelike, with rapids and incised meanders. Large hydropower dams with associated lakes provide recreational facilities. The Vltava\u2019s principal tributaries are the Lu\u017enice and S\u00e1zava (east) and the Otava and Berounka (west). The river is celebrated as the second subject in a cycle of six symphonic poems under the general title of M\u00e1 vlast (\u201cMy Country\u201d) by the Czech composer Bed\u0159ich Smetana . [PAR] Prague on the banks of the Vltava River. [PAR] Havaska [PAR] in Prague (national capital, Czech Republic) [PAR] The physical attractions and landmarks of Prague are many. Among the finest is the Charles Bridge (Karl\u016fv most), which stands astride the Vltava River. The winding course of the Vltava, with its succession of bridges and changing vistas, contrasts with the ever-present backdrop of the great castle of Hrad\u010dany (Prague Castle), which dominates the left-bank region of the city from... [PAR] in Bohemian Forest [PAR] ...Arber (Javor; 4,777 feet [1,456 m]) on the Bavarian (western) side and Plech\u00fd (Pl\u00f6ckenstein; 4,521 feet [1,378 m]) on the Czech (eastern) side. The \u0160umava is the source for the Vltava (German: Moldau) River, which cuts a broad trough through part of the region and is a source of hydroelectric power. Forests, both coniferous and deciduous, cover more than a third of the... [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] monarchy - Have there been any efforts by the countries of ... monarchy - Have there been any efforts by the countries of Europe to restore their monarchies? - History Stack Exchange [PAR] Have there been any efforts by the countries of Europe to restore their monarchies? [PAR] up vote 11 down vote favorite [PAR] 1 [PAR] Have there been any effort, polls, referendum in Europe (especially Eastern ex-communist countries) to restore deposed monarchies, like in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, etc.? Most Monarchies were deposed of because of communist regimes, Nazi occupation or military dictatorships rather than the will of the people (correct me if I am wrong). [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] On a partly related note, it was once thought that Karel Schwarzenberg current Minister of Foreign Affairs and head of the House of Schwarzenberg could become elected president of the Czech Republic. It did not happen, and in any case Schwarzenberg is committed to democracy with solid credentials. \u2013 Drux Dec 25 '12 at 8:12 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] A surprising related development in the first round of Czech presidential elections is reported here ... \u2013 Drux Jan 12 '13 at 21:43 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In most most Eastern-European countries the historical monarch houses died out anyway long time ago. Also, in most of these places there were strong revolutionary movements against feudal institutions long before socialism, and monarchy itself is often more of the symbol for these institutions than some kind of national unity. \u2013 Greg Jun 8 '16 at 13:01 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Check out Spain. Though it's not simple. Franco more or less assumed the job and they gave it back to the royal family when he died. \u2013 RedSonja Jun 8 '16 at 13:04 [PAR] up vote 6 down vote accepted [PAR] Well, in 1946 the Italians voted to abolish the kingdom and create the republic, basically because the monarchy was tainted by association with Mussolini. Italy's monarchy was a stronger one (in my estimation) than the East European ones but still it couldn't weather the storm. [PAR] I have the impression that in Eastern Europe the real prestige of the monarchies was not very high, the people did not resent them so badly as to oppose them as long as they were in power but on the other hand few cared deeply enough for them to work for their restoration. This might have had a lot to do with the monarchies being mostly young and created by foreign powers. You seem to assume otherwise in the question - do you have sources for this assumption? [PAR] 2 [PAR] [PAR] My impression is that many countries tried to restore back in many ways of life before the communist rule (language, religion, arts, national identity). The monarchies were of that past and they were deposed by the communists so that they would have served as an icon of restoration. After all, they all assume ceremonial parts. \u2013 The Byzantine Dec 23 '12 at 22:03 [PAR] up vote 7 down vote [PAR] Are you restricting your question to a certain time period? If not, then there are a number of examples, besides those already given in the other answers, which could qualify: [PAR] France has vacillated between a republic and a monarchy several times; the First Republic was succeeded by the First Empire under Napoleon, after which the Bourbon kingdom was restored. The Second Republic was succeeded by a restoration of the Empire. [PAR] In the 17th century, the three monarchies of England, Scotland, and Ireland (in a personal union) were deposed, and replaced with a unitary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andaluc\u00eda | Article about Andaluc\u00eda by The Free Dictionary Andaluc\u00eda | Article about Andaluc\u00eda by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Andaluc\u00eda | Article about Andaluc\u00eda by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Andaluc%c3%ada [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to Andaluc\u00eda: Andalusian [PAR] Andalusia [PAR] (\u0103nd\u0259lo\u035eo`zh\u0259, \u2013sh\u0259), Span. Andaluc\u00eda (\u00e4n'd\u00e4lo\u035eoth\u0113`\u00e4), autonomous region (1990 pop. 7,100,060), 33,675 sq mi (87,218 sq km), S Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's largest and most populous region, it covers most of S Spain, comprising the provinces of Almer\u00eda, C\u00e1diz, C\u00f3rdoba, Granada, Huelva, Ja\u00e9n, M\u00e1laga, and Seville (Sevilla), all named for their chief cities. Andalusia is crossed in the north by the Sierra Morena and in the south by mountain ranges that rise in the snowcapped Sierra Nevada to the highest peak in mainland Spain, Mulhac\u00e9n (11,417 ft/3,480 m); between the ranges lies the fertile basin of the Guadalquivir River. [PAR] Economy and People [PAR] Despite the natural wealth of the region, poverty is widespread; Andalusian farm laborers are among the poorest in Europe, and many unemployed Andalusians have migrated to more industrialized regions of Spain. With its subtropical climate, Andalusia has many affinities with Africa, which it faces. Barren lands contrast with richly fertile regions where cereals, grapes, olives, sugarcane, and citrus and other fruits are produced. Industries, based generally on local agricultural produce, include wine making, flour milling, and olive-oil extracting. Much farming has become mechanized. Cattle, bulls for the ring, and fine horses are bred. The rich mineral resources, exploited since Phoenician and Roman times, include copper, iron, zinc, and lead. [PAR] Moorish influence is still strong in the character, language, and customs of the people. One of Europe's most strikingly colorful regions, Andalusia, with its tradition of bull fights, flamenco flamenco, [PAR] Spanish music and dance typical of the Romani (Gypsy), or gitano. Flamenco dancing is characterized by colorful costumes, intense and erotic movements, stamping of the feet (zapateado), and clapping of the hands (palmada [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. music and dance, and Moorish architecture, provides the strongest external image of Spain, especially to North Americans. Increasing tourism has made the service industry the fastest growing economic sector. [PAR] History [PAR] In the 11th cent. B.C., the Phoenicians settled there and founded several coastal colonies, notably Gadir (now C\u00e1diz C\u00e1diz [PAR] , city (1990 pop. 156,903), capital of C\u00e1diz prov., SW Spain, in Andalusia, on the Bay of C\u00e1diz. Picturesquely situated on a promontory (joined to the Isla de Le\u00f3n, just off the mainland), it is today chiefly a port exporting wines and other [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. and, supposedly, the inland town of Tartessus, which became the capital of a flourishing kingdom (sometimes identified with the biblical Tarshish Tarshish [PAR] , in the Bible. 1 Eponym of a country distant from Palestine which cannot be accurately identified; Cyprus, Spain, and Tarsus (S Asia Minor) have been suggested. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ). Greeks and Carthaginians came in the 6th cent. B.C.; the Carthaginians were expelled (3d cent. B.C.) by the Romans, who included S Spain in the province of Baetica. The emperors Trajan, Hadrian, and Theodosius were born in the region. [PAR] Visigoths ended Roman rule in the 5th cent. A.D., and in 711 the Moors Moors, [PAR] nomadic people of the northern shores of Africa, originally the inhabitants of Mauretania. They were chiefly of Berber and Arab stock. In the 8th cent. the Moors were converted to Islam and became fanatic Muslims. [PAR] ....."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which European country colonized Brazil? | Reference.com Which European country colonized Brazil? | Reference.com [PAR] Which European country colonized Brazil? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Portugal colonized Brazil in 1500. The Brazilian Indians were not as advanced as the civilizations of Peru and Mexico, such as the Aztecs and Mayans. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Brazilian Indians were hunter-gatherers who used the slash-and-burn technique in agriculture. They did not wear clothing, domesticate animals or live in towns. When the Portuguese settled in Brazil, the Brazilian Indians were forced to move away from the colonial settlement. The Portuguese did not make much revenue from Brazil at first, although the sugar industry flourished. They also discovered gold and diamonds in Brazil in the 1690s and 1720s. In the 1820s, the main exports from Brazil were sugar, cotton and coffee. Brazil became independent in 1822."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World War II -- Finland Winter War - histclo.com World War II -- Finland Winter War [PAR] World War II Finland: The Winter War (November 1939-March 1940) [PAR] Figure 1.--This Finnish mother and child are evacuees from the massive Soviet Army invading their small country. Here they have just arrived at a govrnment evacuee camp and have been given name tags. The prss caption read, \"Somewnere in Finland: The distress of the Russ-Finish war and the hardship it is working on the people is registered on the face of this peasant mother from Lapland shown on arrival at a Finnish evacuee camp with her child. Note the picturesque attire of the woman and child and the name tag each is wearing. Most homesteads in the far northenr regions hav been evcuated away from the Russian invaders. This picture arrived by clipper today. The photograph was dated January 19, 1940. [PAR] It was the Soviet Union not Germany that first struck after the invasion of Poland. Finland is located on the far northern perifery of Europe. Rarely has Finland played a significant role in European history. For a few months, however, it was the Finns who galantly resisted totalitarian resistance. The first effective resistance after a decade of totalitarian successes. Only 2 months after seizing eastern Poland, the Soviet Union invaded Finland (November 30, 1939). This was the beginning of what became known as the Winter War. Stalin's goals are unclear. The Soviets claomed they wanted a security belt to the west. This may have been the first step in regaining old Tsarist borders using the samectactics persued against the Baltic Republics. Finland after Poland was the next step in that process. Soviet planes and naval vessels bombarded Finish cities. The international community was apauled. Roosevelt called it the \"rape of Finland\". [Freidel, p. 324.] Former Ameican President Herbert Hoover, who had organized American relief efforts for Belgium during World War I, headed voluntary war relief for the Finns. (The President hoped that Hoover would work with Mrs. Roosevelt to assist with Government sponsored civilian war relief for the Allies. Such was Hoover animosity toward Roosevelt, however, that he refused. If he had agreed, he suely would have eventually headed American World War II relief efforts. [Freidel, p.325.] The outnummered and out-gunned Finns inflicted enormous losses on the Red Army, but the weight iof Soviet power eventually forced the Finns back. The Finns and Soviets eventually reached a peace agreement (March 1940). Given the scale of the Soviet victory, historians have decribed the terms of the peace settlement as 'moderate', but Stalin's calculations are still debated. The Soviets got the security belt they wanted around Lenningrad. The Soviet invasion of Finland had significant repercussions. The Allies for a time considered actively aiding Finland, but the Germans offensives in the West soon made that impossible. The Red Army energed victorious from the Winter War (1939-40), but at considerable cost. The poor performance of the Red Army in Finland was a factor in Hitler's decission to attack the Soviet Union before Britain had been defeated. [PAR] Karelia [PAR] The border area between southern Finland and the Soviet Union is Karelia. It is the area between the White Sea and the Gulf of Finland. It is an extensive area which includes the two largest lakes in Europe, Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega. What is often referred to as the Karelian Isthmus is located between the Baltic Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga. To the south is Ingria, the land of the closely related Ingrian people. The traditional western boundary was the Neva"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spain - Encyclopedia of the Nations Spain [PAR] Spain [PAR] Official name: Kingdom of Spain [PAR] Area: 504,782 square kilometers (194,897 square miles) [PAR] Highest point on mainland: Mulhac\u00e9n Peak (3,478 meters/11,411 feet) [PAR] Highest point in territory: Teide Peak (3,718 meters/12,198 feet), located on Tenerife Island [PAR] Lowest point on land: Sea level [PAR] Hemispheres: Northern and Western [PAR] P.M. [PAR] = noon GMT [PAR] Longest distances: 1,085 kilometers (764 miles) from east to west; 950 kilometers (590 miles) from north to south [PAR] Land boundaries: 1,918 kilometers (1,192 miles) total boundary length; Andorra 64 kilometers (40 miles); France 623 kilometers (387 miles); Gibraltar 1.2 kilometers (0.7 miles); Morocco 16 kilometers (10 miles), Portugal 1,214 kilometers (754 miles) [PAR] Coastline: Total: 4,964 kilometers (3,084 miles); Mediterranean Sea 1,670 kilometers (1,038 miles); Atlantic and Bay of Biscay 2,234 kilometers (1,388 miles) [PAR] Territorial sea limits: 22 kilometers (12 nautical miles) [PAR] 1 LOCATION AND SIZE [PAR] The mainland of Spain covers most of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe and shares borders with France, Andorra, and Portugal. The country has northern and western coasts along the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of Biscay and an eastern coast along the Mediterranean Sea. With a total area of about 504,782 square kilometers (194,897 square miles), the country is slightly more than twice the size of the state of Oregon. Spain is administratively divided into seventeen autonomous communities. [PAR] 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES [PAR] Spain controls \"places of sovereignty\" ( plazas de soberania ) on and off the coast of Morocco: the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, although Morocco contests these territorial claims; and the Alhucemas and Chafarinas Islands. Spain also administers the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean and Canary Islands in the Atlantic. Finally, Spain continues to have a centuries-old dispute with the United Kingdom over Gibraltar, a small enclave to the south of Spain. [PAR] 3 CLIMATE [PAR] Daytime summer temperatures in Spain can reach 35\u00b0C to 39\u00b0C (95\u00b0F to 102\u00b0F) in the northern Meseta and are even hotter in the south. Temperatures of 43\u00b0C (109\u00b0F) have been recorded in the Ebro basin. Nights are significantly cooler. The climate is more moderate in the northern Atlantic maritime region. In the Mediterranean region, winter temperatures average between 10\u00b0C and 13\u00b0C (50\u00b0F and 55\u00b0F) and summer temperatures average between 22\u00b0C and 27\u00b0C (72\u00b0F and 81\u00b0F). [PAR] Rainfall is highly irregular, but annual averages usually fall between 30 and 50 centimeters (12 and 20 inches). The northern Meseta enjoys two rainy seasons: from April to June and from October to November. In the southern Meseta, the spring rainy season begins in March and is wetter than the fall. The maritime northwest receives abundant rainfall throughout the year, with the wettest season from October through December. The Mediterranean region receives the least rainfall, with most of its precipitation occurring in the fall and winter. [PAR] 4 TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS [PAR] Overall, Spain's terrain is mountainous, with major ranges running throughout the country. The Pyrenees system is particularly noteworthy. One of Europe's most effective natural boundaries, the highest terrain of the main portion of this range marks Spain's border with France. The tiny nation of Andorra is also located there. Most of the level land in Spain is situated in river valleys, along the coast, or on the Meseta Central (Central Mesa), the large plateau at the center of the country. [PAR] Topographically, Spain is divided into four parts: the temperate region in the north and northwest, the marginal mountain ranges, the Meseta Central and the surrounding interior region, and the coastal areas. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Netherlands | history - geography | Britannica.com Netherlands | history - geography | Britannica.com [PAR] Netherlands [PAR] Alternative Titles: Holland, Kingdom of The Netherlands, Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, Nederland [PAR] Netherlands [PAR] National anthem of the Netherlands [PAR] Official name [PAR] Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Kingdom of the Netherlands) [PAR] Form of government [PAR] constitutional monarchy with a parliament (States General) comprising two houses (Senate [75]; House of Representatives [150]) [PAR] Head of state [PAR] Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate [PAR] Male: (2009) 100% [PAR] list of cities and towns in the Netherlands [PAR] Netherlands, country located in northwestern Europe , also known as Holland. \u201cNetherlands\u201d means low-lying country; the name Holland (from Houtland, or \u201cWooded Land\u201d) was originally given to one of the medieval cores of what later became the modern state and is still used for 2 of its 12 provinces (Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland). A parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, the kingdom includes its former colonies in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba , Bonaire , Cura\u00e7ao , Saba , Sint Eustatius , and Sint Maarten . The capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government The Hague . [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Windmills at Kinderdijk, The Netherlands. [PAR] \u00a9 Travelpix\u2014FPG International [PAR] The country is indeed low-lying and remarkably flat, with large expanses of lakes, rivers, and canals. Some 2,500 square miles (6,500 square km) of the Netherlands consist of reclaimed land , the result of a process of careful water management dating back to medieval times. Along the coasts, land was reclaimed from the sea, and, in the interior, lakes and marshes were drained, especially alongside the many rivers. All this new land was turned into polders, usually surrounded by dikes. Initially, man power and horsepower were used to drain the land, but they were later replaced by windmills, such as the mill network at Kinderdijk-Elshout, now a UNESCO World Heritage site . The largest water-control schemes were carried out in the second half of the 19th century and in the 20th century, when steam pumps and, later, electric or diesel pumps came into use. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Rembrandt van Rijn [PAR] Despite government-encouraged emigration after World War II, which prompted some 500,000 persons to leave the country, the Netherlands is today one of the world\u2019s most densely populated countries. Although the population as a whole is \u201cgraying\u201d rapidly, with a high percentage over age 65, Amsterdam has remained one of the liveliest centres of international youth culture . There, perhaps more than anywhere else in the country, the Dutch tradition of social tolerance is readily encountered. Prostitution, \u201csoft-drug\u201d (marijuana and hashish) use, and euthanasia are all legal but carefully regulated in the Netherlands, which was also the first country to legalize same-sex marriage. [PAR] Overview of Amsterdam. [PAR] Contunico \u00a9 ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz [PAR] This relative independence of outlook was evident as early as the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Dutch rejected monarchical controls and took a relatively enlightened view of other cultures , especially when they brought wealth and capital to the country\u2019s trading centres. In that period Dutch merchant ships sailed the world and helped lay the foundations of a great trading country characterized by a vigorous spirit of enterprise. In later centuries, the Netherlands continued to have one of the most advanced economies in the world, despite the country\u2019s modest size. The Dutch economy is open and generally internationalist in outlook. With Belgium and Luxembourg , the Netherlands is a member of the Benelux economic union , which in the 1950s and 1960s served"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea ... What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea is Sicily, which is located off the southern tip of the boot-shaped Italian cape. The island encompasses a total area of approximately 9,920 square miles. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Mediterranean Sea is the world's largest inland body of water and is bordered by three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe. Covering an area of around 965,000 square miles, the sea is interspersed with numerous islands, including several island nations. [PAR] Sicily is an autonomous administrative region of Italy. The island overlooks the Tyrrhenian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea. Due to its geographical location, the Mediterranean has long been established as the crossroads between African and European cultures. Aside from Sicily, other major islands in the Mediterranean Sea include Sardinia, Crete, Corsica, Cyprus, Rhodes and Malta.[DOC] [TLE] Biggest Islands In The Mediterranean Sea - WorldAtlas.com Biggest Islands In The Mediterranean Sea - WorldAtlas.com [PAR] Biggest Islands In The Mediterranean Sea [PAR] The two largest Mediterranean islands, Sicily and Sardinia, are both controlled by Italy. [PAR] A Map Of Sicily (And Its Provinces), The Largest Mediterranean Island [PAR] Thinking of the Mediterranean Sea brings to mind images of deep blue waters and rocky shoreline cliffs. This sea is home to a large number of beautiful islands that embody various cultures and countries. For some, these islands are home; for others, they are glorious vacation spots. The Mediterranean is surrounded by Europe, Asia, and Africa and is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar . This sea has over 150 islands varying in size and below are descriptions of the biggest of these islands. [PAR] The Biggest Mediterranean Islands [PAR] Sicily [PAR] Without a doubt, Sicily is the largest island located in the Mediterranean Sea. The 9,927 square miles belong to Italy. The geography of Sicily is full of rolling land with tall volcanoes overlooking the agricultural landscape below. This island experiences mild, wet winter and hot, dry summers which are typical of the Mediterranean. Inhabitants come from Roman, Spanish, Greek, French, Albanian, Norman, and Swabian descent (to name a few). The most heavily populated city is Palermo with 1,044,169 people. [PAR] Sardinia [PAR] Another Italian island makes the list at number 2. Sardinia is 9,300 square miles and has long coastlines of high, rocky cliffs. The interior of the island is covered in lakes and mountains. Like Sicily, the climate is typical to the Mediterranean region. The people of Sardinia are considered an aging population and exhibit a low fertility rate (less than 2 births per woman). The largest city, Cagliari, has a population of 154,460. [PAR] Cyprus [PAR] Still large, but significantly smaller than its Italian counterparts, is 3,572 square-mile Cyprus . After a decades-long battle over land ownership between Turkey and Greece, Cyprus gained independence in 1960. This island nation and has a population of approximately 1.1 million and residents here enjoy the varying landscape and excellent weather. This country is home to 2 mountain ranges and the plains area between them; the climate is subtropical in nature. The two biggest communities are individuals of Greek and Turkish descent. While they share many things, like food and drink, their differing religions, Greek Orthodox and Sunni Muslim, has kept them from more closely uniting. [PAR] Corsica [PAR] Continuing down in size, Corsica comes in at number 4. This French island"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital of West Germany - The Free Dictionary Capital of West Germany - definition of Capital of West Germany by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Capital of West Germany - definition of Capital of West Germany by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Capital+of+West+Germany [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Bonn [PAR] (b\u014fn, b\u00f4n) [PAR] A city of west-central Germany on the Rhine River. Founded as a Roman garrison in the first century ad, it is noted as the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven (1770) and was the capital of West Germany (1949-1990). [PAR] Bonn [PAR] (b\u0252n; German b\u0254n) [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a city in W Germany, in North Rhine-Westphalia on the Rhine: the former capital (1949\u201390) of West Germany; university (1786). Pop: 311 052 (2003 est) [PAR] Bonn [PAR] (b\u0252n, b\u0254n) [PAR] n. [PAR] a city in W Germany, on the Rhine: the capital of West Germany 1949\u201390; capital of Germany 1990\u201399. 293,072. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Bonn - a city in western Germany on the Rhine River; was the capital of West Germany between 1949 and 1989 [PAR] Deutschland , FRG , Germany , Federal Republic of Germany - a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990 [PAR] Translations[DOC] [TLE] Capital of Germany | Article about Capital of Germany by ... Capital of Germany | Article about Capital of Germany by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Capital of Germany | Article about Capital of Germany by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Capital+of+Germany [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] Berlin [PAR] (b\u00fbr'l\u012dn`, Ger. b\u0115rl\u0113n`), city (1994 pop. 3,475,400), capital of Germany, coextensive with Berlin state (341 sq mi/883 sq km), NE Germany, on the Spree and Havel rivers. Formerly divided into East Berlin (156 sq mi/404 sq km) and West Berlin (185 sq mi/479 sq km), the city was reunified along with East and West Germany on Oct. 3, 1990. [PAR] Economy [PAR] Due in part to aid from the United States and other Allied powers, West Berlin's recovery after World War II was rapid and substantial. East Berlin, however, saw a period of relative economic decline, though it became the undisputed focal point of development within the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and an important city in Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. Berlin's economy has been primarily industrial, but is becoming increasingly focused on service-sector activities. Electronics and garments are major industries; other manufactures includes textiles, metals, porcelain and china, bicycles, and machinery. The move of the national government to Berlin prompted a building boom during the 1990s, including more than 30 major construction projects in the eastern part of the city and a large aircraft factory on its outskirts. A new central railroad station opened in 2006. [PAR] Institutions and Attractions [PAR] Berlin is a major cultural center, home to orchestras, opera companies, repertory theaters, and museums. It has an excellent public transportation system and is served by two airports. In the Kurf\u00fcrstendamm, the main thoroughfare in the western section of the city, stands the gutted tower of the original Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, left unrestored as a reminder of World War II. A similar memorial, the unrestored remains of the St. Nicholas Church, were formerly preserved in E Berlin, but beginning in the 1980s it was reconstructed and is now part of the Berlin City Museum. The Berlin Cathedral (1894\u20131905), located on Museum Island (N Spree Island), also was damaged but was reconstructed (1975\u20132002). [PAR] The large Tiergarten park in central Berlin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tombs of the Kings - Cyprus.com Tombs of the Kings - Cyprus.com [PAR] [PAR] Description [PAR] About 2 miles northwards of the Old Harbour you will find the Tombs of the Kings. The tombs are impressive enough to be worthy of kings. They are burial caves carved into the bedrock of the hill and decorated with Doric columns and capitals. You can freely walk about the place once inside, searching through the rooms of the tombs, with parts underground carved into the rock. [PAR] This Necropolis of Pafos is situated on the North East section of the town, right outside the ancient town fortific...[DOC] [TLE] Cyprus Holidays 2016 / 2017 | Thomas Cook Cyprus Holidays 2017/2018 | Holidays to Cyprus | Thomas Cook [PAR] Food And Drink [PAR] For a real taste of Cyprus, visit a taverna and try a collection of small dishes known as meze. Tuck into freshly grilled halloumi cheese, crispy fried calamari drizzled with lemon juice and juicy Cypriot sausages known as sheftalia. Another classic Cypriot dish is afelia, succulent chunks of pork, slow-cooked in red wine with spicy coriander seeds. Traditional coffee shops are a great place to stop and watch the world go by. Try a cup of strong Cypriot coffee and delicate fruit sweets known as glyko. The most famous sweets are the soft and sugary Cyprus Delights, known locally as loukoumi. [PAR] CYPRUS IS BEST FOR... [PAR] Families: Cyprus' waterparks are some of the largest in Europe. [PAR] Nature lovers: Discover the scenic Troodos Mountains and visit the home of the island's loggerhead turtles on a Cyprus Jeep Safari. [PAR] History fans: The ancient ruins of Paphos and the Kourion amphitheatre. [PAR] FAST FACTS [PAR] Language: The languages spoken in Cyprus are Greek, Turkish and English. [PAR] Currency: The currency used in Cyprus is the Euro (\u20ac). [PAR] Local time: Cyprus is 2 hours ahead of UK time. [PAR] Fly to: Paphos International Airport (PFO) is in western Cyprus and Larnaca International Airport (LCA) is in the south east of Cyprus [PAR] Flight time from UK: 4-5 hours [PAR] Tourist Information: Further Cyprus tourist information can be found here . [PAR] Visa & Health: Before you travel, click here for recommendations and advice on visas and health for your holiday to Cyprus. [PAR] WEATHER AND CLIMATE [PAR] Temperature: 13-26 (\u00b0C) [PAR] Boasting glorious highs of 30 (\u00b0C) and up to 14 hours of sunshine a day, summer is the best time to hit the beach in Cyprus. The weather is a little more comfortable in the spring and autumn, with average temperatures in the mid-teens to high 20s offering the perfect conditions for exploring the historic attractions. Winter is the wettest time of the year, but the average temperature rarely drops below 13 throughout the season. [PAR] GETTING AROUND [PAR] By bus: Buses in Cyprus don\u2019t run to a set schedule, but they are cheap and comfortable. They make a great option if you\u2019re on a budget and just want to visit the island\u2019s main attractions. [PAR] By hire car: If you fancy exploring rural Cyprus then it\u2019s worth hiring a car. Take a leisurely drive to the Troodos Mountains, stopping off at the picturesque villages of Omodos and Lania along the way. Driving is also the best way to explore some of Cyprus\u2019 wine villages and popular archaeological sites, such as the Kourion in Limassol and Mosaics in Paphos. [PAR] EVENTS [PAR] European Capital of Culture: As the European Capital of Culture for 2017, Paphos will be hosting a range of cultural events throughout the year. Find out how"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] country - infoplease.com Luxembourg: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities [PAR] Prime Minister Resigns after Being Implicated in Spying Probe [PAR] Geography [PAR] Luxembourg is about half the size of Delaware. The Ardennes Mountains extend from Belgium into the northern section of Luxembourg. The rolling plateau of the fertile Bon Pays is in the south. [PAR] Government [PAR] Constitutional monarchy. [PAR] History [PAR] Luxembourg, once part of Charlemagne's empire, became an independent state in 963, when Siegfried, count of Ardennes, became sovereign of Lucilinburhuc (\u201cLittle Fortress\u201d). In 1060, Conrad, a descendant of Siegfried, took the title count of Luxembourg. From the 15th to the 18th century, Spain, France, and Austria held the duchy in turn. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 made it a grand duchy and gave it to William I, king of the Netherlands. In 1839, the Treaty of London ceded the western part of Luxembourg to Belgium. The eastern part, continuing in personal union with the Netherlands and a member of the German Confederation, became autonomous in 1848 and a neutral territory by decision of the London Conference of 1867, governed by its grand duke. Germany occupied the duchy in World Wars I and II. Allied troops liberated the enclave in 1944. [PAR] Luxembourg joined NATO in 1949, the Benelux Economic Union (with Belgium and the Netherlands) in 1948, and the European Economic Community (later the EU) in 1957. In 1961, Prince Jean, son and heir of Grand Duchess Charlotte, was made head of state, acting for his mother. She abdicated in 1964, and Prince Jean became grand duke. Luxembourg's parliament approved the Maastricht Accord, paving the way for the economic unity of the EU in July 1992. Crown Prince Henri was sworn in as grand duke in Oct. 2000, replacing his father, Jean, who had been head of state for 26 years."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Election of John Paul II | History Today Election of John Paul II | History Today [PAR] Election of John Paul II [PAR] Religion [PAR] John Paul II was elected on October 16th, 1978. He was the first non-Italian pope to be elected in four centuries. [PAR] The first non-Italian pope to be elected in four centuries, and widely regarded as one of the most memorable, was born Karol Jozef Wojtyla in 1920 in a small town in Poland, near Krakow. His mother died in 1929, when he was a schoolboy of eight. His studies at university in Poland were interrupted by the German invasion in 1939, but he was ordained priest after the war, in 1946, and went on to hold a university professorship at Lublin. Rising in the Church hierarchy, he was Archbishop of Krakow from the end of 1963 and was created a cardinal in 1967 by Pope Paul VI. [PAR] Paul VI died in 1978 and was succeeded in August that year by John Paul I, the former patriarch of Venice, who died on September 28th after the shortest pontificate in modern times, lasting only thirty-three days. The cardinals gathered again on October 14th, a Saturday, behind the sealed doors of the Sistine Chapel to choose his successor. There were 111 electors present (cardinals over eighty were not allowed a vote). The figures vary, but according to one tally there were twenty-five from Italy and thirty from the rest of Europe, nineteen from Latin America, twelve from North America, twelve from Africa, nine from Asia and four from Oceania. Lots were cast for the nasty little rooms in the Apostolic Palace in which the cardinals slept on borrowed hospital or seminary beds, with a bedside light too dim to read by, a wash-basin, a slops bucket, a writing table and a kneeler for prayers. Each was issued with one roll of toilet paper, two ballpoint pens, two very small towels, one bar of soap and an ashtray. The point was to encourage the cardinals not to dally over their choice; one of them said it was like being buried alive. [PAR] The conclave lasted through three days and eight ballots. Voting was strictly secret and reports of the proceedings have to be taken with some salt. The leading candidates were both Italian: Cardinal Giuseppe Siri, archbishop of Genoa, who has been described as \u2018the archconservative\u2019s archconservative\u2019, and Cardinal Giovanni Benelli, the more liberal archbishop of Florence. According to his secretary, Siri came within a handful of votes of election at one stage, but support for him and Benelli was so equally divided that it grew clear that neither was likely to gain the necessary majority of two-thirds of the votes plus one, which meant 75. Late on the second day of the conclave, the archbishop of Vienna, Cardinal Franz K\u00f6nig, suggested Cardinal Wojtyla as a compromise candidate. Some of Siri\u2019s supporters joined with some of Benelli\u2019s and most of the American cardinals in voting for Wojtyla. The tide swung Wojtyla\u2019s way and he was elected on the eighth ballot with more than 90 of the 111 votes. He said in response, \u2018With obedience in faith to Christ, my Lord, and with trust in the Mother of Christ and the Church, in spite of great difficulties, I accept\u2019. [PAR] Observers saw the white smoke curling up from the Sistine Chapel soon after 6pm and the result of the conclave was announced according to custom in Latin from the balcony of St Peter\u2019s Basilica. Some of the waiting crowd thought from the new pope\u2019s surname that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Liechtenstein travel guide - Wikitravel Liechtenstein travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Time Zone [PAR] UTC +1 [PAR] The Principality of Liechtenstein (German: F\u00fcrstentum Liechtenstein) is a small, alpine German-speaking country doubly landlocked by Switzerland and Austria . It is the last remnant of the Holy Roman Empire and an independent nation with very close ties to Switzerland. It enjoys a very high standard of living and is home to some incredibly beautiful mountain scenery. The principality's capital, Vaduz , is mainly a modern city and a major centre of commerce and international banking. [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719 and became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria , but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. [PAR] Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering and tax evasion. However, the days of bringing suitcases of money into banks for deposit without questions asked is over. Liechtensteiners are also very proud of the fact that their nation has never been physically involved in a battle or military confrontation with an \"enemy state\" and see their flag as a banner of peace. [PAR] Economy[ edit ] [PAR] Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes--the maximum tax rate is 20%--and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. [PAR] The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been, since May 1995, a member of the European Economic Area, an organization serving as a bridge between the EFTA and the EU. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Liechtenstein has one of the highest personal income rates (GDP Per Capita) in the world, with the base rate of income tax currently standing at just 1.2%. [PAR] Liechtenstein was the home of the Curta calculator. [PAR] Geography[ edit ] [PAR] Liechtenstein is very mountainous and one of the world's two doubly-landlocked countries (Meaning that the countries that border it are themselves landlocked too) along with Uzbekistan . Most of Liechtenstein's population lives in the long and wide Rhine Valley in the western third. Roads are mainly laid out in a north-south pattern following the valley as well. To the north the main roads lead to the border with Austria, to the south they enter Switzerland, and to the west across the river the bridges also cross into Switzerland. Most of the eastern border with Austria is not passable and is only accessible by foot as it is very mountainous, though the north of the country is well connected by road to Feldkirch in Austria . The country's highest point is the Grauspitz, which stretches to 2,599m. Liechtenstein is 2.5 time bigger than San Marino and it is 81 times bigger than Monaco . [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History Place - Rise of Hitler: Adolf Hitler is Born The History Place - Rise of Hitler: Adolf Hitler is Born [PAR] Adolf Hitler is Born [PAR] At 6:30 p.m. on the evening of April 20, 1889, he was born in the small Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn just across the border from German Bavaria. [PAR] Adolf Hitler would one day lead a movement that placed supreme importance on a person's family tree even making it a matter of life and death. However, his own family tree was quite mixed up and would be a lifelong source of embarrassment and concern to him. [PAR] His father, Alois, was born in 1837. He was the illegitimate son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber and her unknown mate, which may have been someone from the neighborhood or a poor millworker named Johann Georg Hiedler. It is also remotely possible Adolf Hitler's grandfather was Jewish. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Maria Schicklgruber was said to have been employed as a cook in the household of a wealthy Jewish family named Frankenberger. There is some speculation their 19-year-old son got her pregnant and regularly sent her money after the birth of Alois. [PAR] Adolf Hitler would never know for sure just who his grandfather was. [PAR] He did know that when his father Alois was about five years old, Maria Schicklgruber married Johann Georg Hiedler. The marriage lasted five years until her death of natural causes, at which time Alois went to live on a small farm with his uncle. [PAR] At age thirteen, young Alois had enough of farm life and set out for the city of Vienna to make something of himself. He worked as a shoemaker's apprentice then later enlisted in the Austrian civil service, becoming a junior customs official. He worked hard as a civil servant and eventually became a supervisor. By 1875 he achieved the rank of Senior Assistant Inspector, a big accomplishment for the former poor farm boy with little formal education. [PAR] At this time an event occurred that would have big implications for the future. [PAR] Alois had always used the last name of his mother, Schicklgruber, and thus was always called Alois Schicklgruber. He made no attempt to hide the fact that he was illegitimate since it was common in rural Austria. [PAR] But after his success in the civil service, his proud uncle from the small farm convinced him to change his last name to match his own, Hiedler, and continue the family name. However, when it came time to write the name down in the record book it was spelled as Hitler. [PAR] And so in 1876 at age 39, Alois Schicklgruber became Alois Hitler. This is important because it is hard to imagine tens of thousands of Germans shouting \"Heil Schicklgruber!\" instead of \"Heil Hitler!\" [PAR] In 1885, after numerous affairs and two other marriages ended, the widowed Alois Hitler, 48, married the pregnant Klara P\u00f6lzl, 24, the granddaughter of uncle Hiedler. Technically, because of the name change, she was his own niece and so he had to get special permission from the Catholic Church. [PAR] The children from his previous marriage, Alois Hitler, Jr., and Angela, attended the wedding and lived with them afterwards. Klara P\u00f6lzl eventually gave birth to two boys and a girl, all of whom died. On April 20, 1889, her fourth child, Adolf, was born healthy and was baptized a Roman Catholic. Hitler's father was now 52 years old. [PAR] Throughout his early days, young Adolf's mother feared losing him as well and lavished much care and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greek Flag - Alexandros The Greek Flag [PAR] The Greek Flag [PAR] The pattern and colors of the Greek Flag have changed somewhat since the Revolution of the Hellenic Nation in 1821. Many people wonder why the founders of Democracy have chosen the symbols, pattern and colors that appear on the National Flag of Greece. It is difficult to reveal the true intentions of the people responsible for the selection of the flag. [PAR] The design, symbols and pattern of the Flag [PAR] The stripes represent the number of the syllables in the phrase: Eleftheria i Thanatos (Liberty or Death). Liberty or Death was the motto during the years of the Hellenic Revolution against the Ottoman Empire in the 19nth century [Others claim that the stripes reflect the number of letters in the Greek word for Freedom Eleftheria]. This word stirred the heart of the oppressed Greeks, it created intense emotions and inspired them to fight and gain their freedom after 400 years of slavery. The striped pattern was chosen because of its similarity with the wavy sea that surrounds the shores of Greece. The interchange of blue and white colors makes the Greek Flag on a windy day to look like the Aegean Pelagos (sea). Only the quaint islands are missing! The Hellenic Square Cross that rests on the upper left-side of the flag and occupies one fourth of the total area demonstrates the respect and the devotion the Hellenic people have for the Greek Orthodox Church and signifies the important role of Christianity in the formation of the modern Hellenic Nation. During the dark years of the Ottoman rule, the Greek Orthodox Church helped the enslaved Greeks to retain their cultural characteristics: the Hellenic language, the Byzantine religion and generally the Hellenic ethnic identity, by the institution of the Crypha Scholia (secret schools). The Crypha Scholia were a web of schools that operated secretly throughout Greece and were committed in transmitting to Greeks the wonders of their ancestors and the rest of their cultural heritage. Today, Christianity is still the dominant religion among Greeks. Therefore, the significance of the Cross is justified. [PAR] The colors of the Flag [PAR] Blue and White. These two colors symbolize the blue of the Hellenic Sea and the Whiteness of its restless waves! According to the mythic legends, the Goddess of Beauty and Love, Aphrodite (Venus) emerged from these waves. In addition, it reflects the blue of the Hellenic Sky and the White of the few clouds in it. There are some who speculate that the blue and white symbolize the similar color of the clothing (vrakes) of the Greek sailors during the War of Independence. [PAR] Copyright Alexandros \u00a9 1996"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corsica vs Sardinia | CNN Travel Corsica vs Sardinia | CNN Travel [PAR] Foodies should make Sardinia their first stop. [PAR] The island\u2019s cuisine incorporates meat, fish and pasta with equal variety. [PAR] Traditional dishes include tiny, shell-like maloreddu pasta, wild piglet cooked in honey and spaghetti with sea urchins. [PAR] Fresh fish is grilled, fried, roasted or poached and often topped with elaborate sauces and dressings or a specialty called \"bottarga,\" delicious Sardinian mullet roe. [PAR] Tuna is served raw and rare in the town of Carloforte ( Al Tonno di Corsa , Via Marconi 47; +33 495 781 855 106), which is known for its annual tuna fishing festival. [PAR] Sardinia has a busy wine list, too, especially if you like whites -- dry Vermentino di Gallura is one of the island\u2019s best-known; Funtanaliras is an aromatic contrast. [PAR] Corsica's contented pigs [PAR] Corsica's pigs end up as saucisson ... they seem unfazed about it.Corsica also has traditional menus, but with less variety. [PAR] Clams filled with cream or melted Roquefort are a striking specialty, from the town of Bonifacio ( L\u2019Escale , Quai J\u00e9r\u00f4me Comparetti 4; +33 495 731 979). [PAR] Generally, though, for an island, fish menus are limited on Corsica. [PAR] This is a meaty place. Charcuterie plateaux features all types of ham, salami and local cheese. [PAR] An island specialty is Corsica's saucissons -- dense, cured sausages that look like mini-truncheons, available everywhere. [PAR] They contain enough flavor to keep a Corsican bandit happy when hiding out in the inland wilderness (the maquis of legend) and appropriately keep for weeks without refrigeration. [PAR] You\u2019re struck by how contended the half-wild pigs appear, lazing in the undergrowth all over the island. [PAR] Corsica: Happy campers [PAR] Corsica has more than 150 camp sites, with more than 25,000 places to pitch. [PAR] Some are like little towns, with full-service laundries, pizzerias and restaurants, bars and Wi-Fi. [PAR] With so many campers, you\u2019d think you\u2019d be constantly tripping over Gore-Tex, but sites tend to be clustered in areas with easy access to beaches -- again, the inland is unbesmirched. [PAR] More about Corsican camping is available at Campingcorse.com . [PAR] The island's strict planning laws prohibit much development on the coast. [PAR] Accordingly, many hotels and resorts are clustered a few hundred meters inland, as if afraid of the sea. [PAR] Others are a kilometer or more from the coast and tend to be more upscale, such as Residence Pietra di Sole (+33 495 70 36 74), which rises on a hillside with views over Palombaggia beach. [PAR] Inland, accommodation is often in converted ancient inns open only in the warmer seasons or, for walkers, gites with basic, shared accommodation and hearty, rustic meals. [PAR] Corsica is also one of the most pet-friendly destinations in Europe: dogs and cats are welcome at campsites and most hotels. [PAR] More about accommodation on Corsica is available at Visit-Corsica.com . [PAR] Sardinia: Resort winner [PAR] Unlike Corsica, Sardinia has resorts right on the coastline.If you want to walk from your hotel room to the beach, a Sardinian resort -- crowded but comfy -- is the obvious choice. [PAR] Many have private beaches and all the usual resort accouterments of multiple restaurants and swim up -- or the more conventional lean-on -- bars. [PAR] Costa Smeralda has the island\u2019s most elite accommodations. [PAR] More mid-range fare is clustered in the south of the island. [PAR] Hotel Dune (Via Bau 1; +39 070 977 130), near some of Europe's tallest sand dunes, has a private beach in a natural setting."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Today in history; April 18th 1949 - Ireland becomes a republic Today in history; April 18th 1949 - Ireland becomes a republic [PAR] Today in history; April 18th 1949 - Ireland becomes a republic [PAR] Results 1 to 10 of 21 [PAR] 6Likes [PAR] 18th April 2012, 11:19 AM #1 [PAR] Keith-M [PAR] Ireland Act 1949 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] For a country that seem (over) obsessed by irts history, I can't get over how this anniversary goes by generally unnoticed. IIt was a pivotal moment in the history of the country. We lost any remaining connections with the British monarch and lost our place in the Commonwealth without a vote of the people. [PAR] DeValera (then leader of the opposition) was outraged because he saw it as effectibly copperfastening partition. [PAR] 18th April 2012, 11:26 AM #2 [PAR] Cruimh [PAR] Posts [PAR] 91,553 [PAR] 18th April 2012, 11:36 AM #3 [PAR] LamportsEdge [PAR] Posts [PAR] 22,858 [PAR] A very interesting area this- it is doubtful legally whether in fact Ireland was declared a Republic in pure legal terms. The 1949 was ostensibly to clear up that messy legal area but like misprision of felony bits of the legal apparatus of a Republic were missing and even now today Constitutional legal experts point out that Ireland is not in fact legally a Republic (chapter one of the any law student's book on Irish constitutional law available in any decent bookshop). [PAR] What happened legally was that the 'Republic of Ireland' was legally agreed to be a translation of 'Eire'. 'Eire' itself has never legally been declared a Republic. [PAR] This was all part of the debate that the 1949 Act was supposed to have cleared up- but as the law student's books will tell you on constitutional law oddly enough the Republic of Ireland's status as a title is only as a translation and not established as a fact of law. [PAR] Quite obscure area this but once you look into it it does rather add to the notion that someone somewhere was being a bit iffy about the legal status of 'Eire' and then its agreed translation into English as the Republic of Ireland for some reason. And classically in terms of Irish politics that legal pothole remains unfilled DESPITE the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949. [PAR] Lots there for the conspiracy theorists and the curious legal historian... [PAR] Posts [PAR] 192 [PAR] I think we had a discussion about Roaring Meg on the Commonwealth thread a while back. What was interesting was the passage of the Ireland Act by Britain in response to Ireland leaving the Commonwealth - under which Irish citizens became the only non-Commonwealth nationals with an automatic right to live, work and vote in the UK with the same rights and priveleges as UK citizens. Again, we had that discussion elsewhere if you want to look for it. [PAR] I agree, though, that it is rather puzzling that it's so often overlooked - especially since one the provisions of the Ireland Act was to effectively enshrine the Unionist veto on constitutional change in law. I suspect more would be made of it if the Act had been passed by a Conservative government. [PAR] 458 [PAR] Originally Posted by Born Again Scouser [PAR] I think we had a discussion about Roaring Meg on the Commonwealth thread a while back. What was interesting was the passage of the Ireland Act by Britain in response to Ireland leaving the Commonwealth - under which Irish citizens became the only non-Commonwealth nationals with an automatic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Shamrock - Eir The Shamrock [PAR] The Shamrock [PAR] [PAR] The shamrock and Saint Patrick. [PAR] Although the shamrock is closely associated with Saint Patrick, it is more likely that the shamrock was worn it as a symbol of the cross - the old Tua Cross, presumably and not the modern one - rather than of the Trinity. Shamrock itself is simply immature trefoil, or young clover, and the name is an anglicisation of seamair \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdg or \"young clover\". The myths themselves, though, are much more interesting. The shamrock, it is said, symbolises the Trinity, that is, the Christian idea that there is one God but three Persons in the one God, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Before the Christian era it was a sacred plant of the druids of Ireland because it's leaves formed a triad. Famous stories tell of how St. Patrick used the shamrock in his teachings. Preaching in the open air about God and the Trinity, he illustrated the meaning of the Three in One by plucking a shamrock from the grass growing at his feet and showing it to his congregation. Just as the shamrock is one leaf with three parts, so God is one entity with three Persons. The legend of the shamrock is also associated with the banishment of the serpents from Ireland by a tradition that snakes are never seen on shamrock and that it is a remedy against the bites of snakes and scorpions. Because the shamrock was a sacred plant to the druids, and three was a mythical number in Drudic religious practice, Patrick was probably well aware of the significance of the shamrock as a teaching tool. [PAR] On the subject of green plants, it should be said that the colour of St. Patrick was not actually green, but blue. In the 19th century, however, green came to be used as a symbol of Ireland. Thanks to plentiful rain and mists, the \"Emerald Isle\" is indeed green all the year 'round, which is probably the inspiration for the national colour. Although many people would presume that the shamrock is also the national emblem of Ireland, this is not so. The national symbol of Ireland is the harp. [PAR] Three is Ireland's magic number. Numbers played an important part in Celtic symbolism Three was the most sacred and magical number. It multiplies to nine, which is sacred to St. Brigid. Three may have signified totality: past, present and future, sky, earth and underground. Everything good in Ireland comes in threes - the rhythm of Irish storytelling is based on three-fold repetition. This achieves both intensification and exaggeration. \" Three accomplishments well regarded in Ireland - a clever verse, music on the harp, the art of shaving faces.\" [PAR] On St. Patrick's day, a member of the British Royal Family presents Shamrock to the Irish Guards regiment of the British Army, so integral is the shamrock in the history of the Irish people. [PAR] The shamrock is a fragile little plant, and doesn't keep long out of its habitat. A fresh sprig in the morning will have dried and withered by noon, and can look a bit limp. Recently a few bright sparks have invented a little lapel sachet in which the shamrock is both grown and worn, and will bloom until the last of Patrick's pot is drunk. The Irish have a few difficulties translating ingenuity into gold over a last few thousand years, but being Green wasn't one of them. [PAR] HISTORY OF THE SHAMROCK [PAR] In written English, the first reference to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EUR-Lex - xy0023 - EN - EUR-Lex EUR-Lex - xy0023 - EN - EUR-Lex [PAR] Text [PAR] Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, EEC Treaty - original text (non-consolidated version) [PAR] The EEC Treaty, signed in Rome in 1957, brings together France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries in a community whose aim is to achieve integration via trade with a view to economic expansion. After the Treaty of Maastricht the EEC became the European Community, reflecting the determination of the Member States to expand the Community's powers to non-economic domains. [PAR] CREATION [PAR] The establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in July 1952 was the first step towards a supranational Europe. For the first time the six Member States of this organisation relinquished part of their sovereignty, albeit in a limited domain, in favour of the Community. [PAR] This first drive towards integration soon came to a halt with the failure of the European Defence Community (EDC) in 1954. [PAR] Although there was reason to fear that the effort undertaken by the ECSC was doomed to fail, the Messina Conference of June 1955 endeavoured to add a new impetus to European construction. It was followed by a series of meetings of ministers or experts. A preparatory committee responsible for drafting a report on the creation of a European common market was created at the beginning of 1956. It met in Brussels under the Presidency of P.H. Spaak, the Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs at the time. In April 1956 this Committee submitted two drafts, which corresponded to the two options selected by the Member States: [PAR] the creation of a general common market; [PAR] the creation of an atomic energy community. [PAR] It was in Rome that the famous \"Treaties of Rome\" were signed in March 1957. [PAR] The first Treaty established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the second the European Atomic Energy Community , better known as Euratom. [PAR] Since ratification at national level did not pose any problems, these two Treaties entered into force on 1 January 1958. [PAR] This summary fact sheet is uniquely devoted to the EEC Treaty. [PAR] OBJECTIVES [PAR] After the failure of the EDC, the economy, which was less subject to national resistance than other areas, became the focus of consensus in the field of supranational cooperation. The establishment of the EEC and the creation of the Common Market had two objectives. The first was to transform the conditions of trade and manufacture on the territory of the Community. The second, more political, saw the EEC as a contribution towards the functional construction of a political Europe and constituted a step towards the closer unification of Europe. [PAR] In the preamble, the signatories of the Treaty declare that: [PAR] \"- determined to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, [PAR] resolved to ensure the economic and social progress of their countries by common action to eliminate the barriers which divide Europe, [PAR] affirming as the essential objective of their efforts the constant improvements of the living and working conditions of their peoples, [PAR] - recognising that the removal of existing obstacles calls for concerted action in order to guarantee steady expansion, balanced trade and fair competition; [PAR] - anxious to strengthen the unity of their economies and to ensure their harmonious development by reducing the differences existing between the various regions and the backwardness of the less-favoured regions; [PAR] - desiring to contribute, by means of a common commercial policy, to the progressive abolition of restrictions on international trade; [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Portugal is longing for dictatorship - PravdaReport Portugal is longing for dictatorship - PravdaReport [PAR] Portugal is longing for dictatorship [PAR] 07.08.2012 [PAR] [PAR] The Portuguese, like the Spaniards and Greeks, are dissatisfied with their government unable to overcome the current crisis. On these grounds many are nostalgic for the days of the dictators: Greece elected far-right nationalist and even fascist parties into parliament, and Portugal announced the dictator Antonio de Olivera Salazar \"the greatest Portuguese\" of all time. [PAR] July 27 marked 42 years since the death of Antonio de Olivera Salazar. He ruled the country for 40 years. Under him Portugal's economy prospered: GDP in the early 1970's was 7% per year. Why is the Portuguese economy not in the best condition now? Perhaps, the secret lies in the personal qualities of the politicians working for the benefit of the people. [PAR] The ability to bring together a decent team not working for the Americans or Germans is also important. This is true about Salazar, although no one denies the horrors of a totalitarian regime. However, the style of Salazar's government had nothing in common with Stalin's repressions and Nazi genocide; rather, he stuck to authoritarian policies and nationalist attitudes in order to preserve the colonial empire. [PAR] Print version [PAR] Font Size [PAR] For the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, all in politics was relative. He engaged in politics as he saw fit and always objected when he was called a \"brutal dictator.\" [PAR] He believed that he was not accepted because his position was contrary to the \"Western intellectual tradition.\" Salazar borrowed his methods of governing from ancient Greek politicians and believed that active members with the public interests should participate in the country's management. He found these people, formed a team and established something that Portugal now calls \"corporate\" management. [PAR] Antonio Salazar was born on April 28, 1889 in the town of Vimieyru 70 kilometers north of Lisbon. After graduating from the seminary, he entered the law faculty of University of Coimbra (Universidade de Coimbra). There he made friends with the future Cardinal Manuel Serezheyry. After graduation, Salazar was involved in the anti-republican Catholic movement (Centro Acad\u00e9mico da Democracia Crist\u00e3), wrote on religious topics, participated in parliamentary elections and even won them, but after spending three days in the chair of deputy returned to Coimbra. [PAR] Salazar re-appeared in power in 1926. It was a time of an economic crisis, political instability, and the First Republic that led to a military coup. Professor of Coimbra and very well-known economist, Salazar obtained the portfolio of Minister of Finance. This time he spent 13 days at the state office and then resigned, citing lack of working conditions. [PAR] Less than two years after the military once again asked him for help. The person who has never considered himself a politician began his spectacular career. Thanks to him, the budget of Portugal in one year has moved from deficit to surplus. The country paid a huge public debt, reorganizing tax and financial systems. Salazar began to support Catholicism, peasants and middle class. Feeling confident, in 1930 he created the party \"National Alliance\" that had the unquestioned authority and power. Gradually, he squeezed out all competitors, and in 1932 became chairman of the Council of Ministers. [PAR] The following year, he ratified the new constitution (despite 40% of abstention, whose votes were counted as votes \"pro\") and established a totalitarian government, banning the opposition and introducing the only party in power and giving unlimited powers to Salazar. But personal power must rest on a solid"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Luis de Camoes | Portuguese poet | Britannica.com Luis de Camoes | Portuguese poet | Britannica.com [PAR] Portuguese poet [PAR] Alternative Titles: Luis Vaz de Camoens, Luis Vaz de Camo\u00ebns, Lu\u00eds Vaz de Cam\u00f5es [PAR] Luis de Camoes [PAR] Ant\u00f3nio Ferreira [PAR] Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es, in full Lu\u00eds Vaz de Cam\u00f5es, English Luis Vaz de Camo\u00ebns or Camoens (born c. 1524/25, Lisbon , Port.\u2014died June 10, 1580, Lisbon), Portugal\u2019s great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lus\u00edadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gama\u2019s discovery of the sea route to India. Cam\u00f5es had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due not only to his epic but also to his posthumously published lyric poetry . [PAR] Camoes, portrait miniature painted in Goa, 1581; in a private collection [PAR] Courtesy of the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon [PAR] Life [PAR] What little information there is about Cam\u00f5es in a strict biographical sense falls into three categories: statements by his first biographers in the 17th century, a few documents unearthed in the 19th century and scant subsequent research, and very abstract allusions (some chronologically uncertain) to his own life in his works. Successive biographers have woven the few concrete facts known about Cam\u00f5es\u2019 life into a bewildering complexity of fantasy and theory that is unsupported by concrete documentary evidence. [PAR] It is supposed that Cam\u00f5es was born in Lisbon around 1524 or 1525, when Portuguese expansion in the East was at its peak. Research has shown him to be a member of the impoverished old aristocracy but well-related to the grandees of Portugal and Spain. A tradition that Cam\u00f5es studied at the University of Coimbra or that he followed any regular studies, for that matter, remains unproved, though few other European poets of that time achieved such a vast knowledge of both classical and contemporary culture and philosophy. He is supposed to have been, in his youth, in territories held by the Portuguese in Morocco, but it is uncertain whether he had been exiled or was there because it was simply the place for a young Portuguese aristocrat to start a military career and to qualify for royal favours. It is also assumed that his youth in Lisbon was less than subdued. King John III pardoned him in 1553, when he was under arrest for taking part in a street brawl in which a royal officer was assaulted. The pardon hints that Cam\u00f5es would go to India in the king\u2019s service, but none of his wanderings for nearly 17 years there has been documented. He was certainly there, judging from references in his works that reveal an intimate knowledge of the area\u2019s social conditions. He surely did not make his fortune there, since he complains often in his poetry about his bad luck and the injustices he met with. While in the East, he took part in one or two military naval expeditions and, as he alludes to it in his epic, underwent shipwreck in the Mekong Delta. His years in the East can be assumed to have been like those of thousands of Portuguese scattered at the time from Africa to Japan, whose survival and fortunes were, as he says, always hanging from divine providence\u2019s very thin thread. Diogo do Couto , a 16th-century historian of the Portuguese East, who never included Cam\u00f5es among the nobles he carefully listed for every skirmish, did note, however, that he found \u201cthat great poet and old friend of mine\u201d stranded penniless in Mozambique and helped to pay his trip back to Lisbon. [PAR] Britannica"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurosceptic 'earthquake' rocks EU elections - BBC News Eurosceptic 'earthquake' rocks EU elections - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Eurosceptic 'earthquake' rocks EU elections [PAR] 26 May 2014 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionAnti-immigration parties hostile to the EU have done well [PAR] Eurosceptic and far-right parties have seized ground in elections to the European parliament, in what France's PM called a \"political earthquake\". [PAR] UK Independence Party and French National Front both performed strongly. The three big centrist blocs all lost seats, though still hold the majority. [PAR] The outcome means a greater say for those who want to cut back the EU's powers, or abolish it completely. [PAR] UK PM David Cameron said the public was \"disillusioned\" with the EU. [PAR] Mr Cameron said their message was \"received and understood\". [PAR] Vote 2014 [PAR] LIVE: Full coverage of results [PAR] French President Francois Hollande has called an urgent meeting of his cabinet, as Prime Minister Manuel Valls promised tax cuts a day after the results which he described as \"a shock, an earthquake\". [PAR] Chancellor Angela Merkel - whose party topped the poll in Germany - described the far right victories as \"remarkable and regrettable\" and said the best response was to boost economic growth and jobs. [PAR] Jose Manuel Barroso, outgoing president of the European Commission, stressed that the pro-EU blocs still had \"a very solid and workable majority\". [PAR] He said a \"truly democratic debate\" was needed to address the concerns of those who did not vote, or \"voted in protest\". [PAR] Image copyright AFP [PAR] Highlights [PAR] Italy In final results, centre-left PM Matteo Renzi (above) scores strong 40%, fending off ex-comic Beppe Grillo's anti-establishment Five Star with 21%, and ex-PM Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia with 17% [PAR] (Based on exit polls/provisional results) [PAR] France National Front storm to victory - 25%, 24 seats; Centre-right UMP 21%; President Hollande's Socialists a poor third with 14% - lowest ever EP score [PAR] Britain Eurosceptic UKIP in first place, with 27%, Conservatives on 24% and Labour about 25%, Greens beating Lib Dems [PAR] Germany Angela Merkel wins another election - 35% for her Christian Union, 27% for the centre-left SPD. Eurosceptic AfD score strong 7% [PAR] Greece Partial results show far-left Syriza on 26%, PM Antonis Samaras' New Democracy on 23%. Far-right Golden Dawn set to get three MEPs, with 9%. Syriza leader Alexis Tsipras has asked the Greek president to call early national elections. [PAR] EU supporters will be pleased that election turnout was slightly higher, at 43.1%, according to provisional European Parliament figures. [PAR] The revolt had been a long time brewing and the battle lines are drawn [PAR] By Gavin HewittEurope editor [PAR] That would be the first time turnout had not fallen since the previous election - but would only be an improvement of 0.1%. [PAR] \"The people have spoken loud and clear,\" a triumphant Marine Le Pen told cheering supporters at National Front (FN) party headquarters in Paris. [PAR] \"They no longer want to be led by those outside our borders, by EU commissioners and technocrats who are unelected. They want to be protected from globalisation and take back the reins of their destiny.\" [PAR] Provisional results suggested the FN could win 25 European Parliament seats - a stunning increase on its three in 2009. [PAR] Matthew Price, BBC News, Brussels [PAR] Despite the huge gains for anti-EU parties and those that wish to reduce the power of the EU, it is unlikely that the European Parliament will adopt a fundamentally different approach. [PAR] The main centre-right and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Valletta - The Definitive Guide to Malta's Capital City Valletta - The Complete Guide to Malta's Capital City [PAR] Quick facts \u2013 Valletta in a nutshell [PAR] Population: 6,444 (2014 census) [PAR] Malta\u2019s capital (since 1571), and the smallest capital city in the EU (at just 0.55 sq km) [PAR] Flanked by two natural harbours: Marsamxett and Grand Harbour [PAR] Also called il-Belt (\u2018The City\u2019) by the locals [PAR] Commercial centre and place of work for thousands of Maltese working in government, finance and tourism. [PAR] Parliament and a number of ministries reside within the city. [PAR] Valletta was strategically built like a fort with bastion walls surrounding its perimeters by the Knights of Malta (Knights of the Order of St. John) [PAR] Named after Grandmaster Jean Parisot de Valette, who founded the city in 1566. [PAR] Rich in Baroque architecture, some buildings date back to the 16th century [PAR] High concentration of historical sites [PAR] More info [PAR] NEW: Valletta travel guide! [PAR] Get the most out of your visit to Malta's capital city with this 159-page Valletta travel guide packed with my best tips on: [PAR] Detailed information on the top points of interest [PAR] Walking routes and itineraries for up to three days of exploration [PAR] 1-Day itinerary with \"must sees\" for short visits (perfect for cruise passengers!) [PAR] Best places to eat and drink (including vegetarian and vegan options) [PAR] Where and when best to stay in Valletta [PAR] ...and more! [PAR] Get your copy and get ready to explore! [PAR] \u20ac9.99 [PAR] Buy now [PAR] History [PAR] Besides being one of the smallest capitals in Europe, it\u2019s also one of the youngest, having been founded a little over 450 years ago. The city was built by the Knights of the Order of St. John (also known as the Knights of Malta or the Knights Hospitaller), on a peninsula with large natural harbours on both of its flanks. [PAR] Having survived The Great Siege by successfully warding off an attempt by the Ottoman Empire to invade the Maltese islands, the Knights strategically chose Valletta\u2019s location for its highly defensible position. [PAR] With funding from the Vatican, amongst other benefactors, the Knights built Valletta to fortify Malta as a stronghold for Roman Catholicism. Despite its small size, Malta had a significant military advantage due to its location and was the perfect location for the Knights to accommodate the sick and injured, which was (and still is!) their core mission (as opposed to being a military order as such). [PAR] Even if you\u2019re not into history much, if you really want to understand Valletta at its core, it pays to read up on the city\u2019s history. Why and how was Valletta built? Who were the people that built Valletta? How is it that there\u2019s so much to see in terms of history and culture? [PAR] How to get to Malta\u2019s capital city [PAR] In a nutshell: [PAR] All roads lead to Valletta, which means major road signs can be found all across Malta and finding your way there by car is easy. It also means that most bus routes start and terminate at the capital\u2019s bus terminus that sits right outside the city\u2019s walls. [PAR] You can get pretty much anywhere on foot, considering the city\u2019s small size and relatively little traffic (and pedestrianised centre). Alternatives are electric city cabs and (although not very practical) a few bus routes pass through a few of the main streets of the city. [PAR] When it comes to accommodation in Valletta, these are the basic options: [PAR] Traditional hotels"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Norwegian Fjords - Hardanger, Sogne and Geiranger Fjords ... Norwegian Fjords - Hardanger, Sogne and Geiranger Fjords in Landmark Visitor Guide: Amazon.es: Lindsey Porter, Don Philpott: Libros en idiomas extranjeros [PAR] Descripci\u00c3\u00b3n del producto [PAR] Rese\u00f1a del editor [PAR] This is the fully revised second edition. The book guides you around with motoring itineraries, whether your gateway is Oslo or Bergen. It takes you to the most spectacular places to ensure your visit is as memorable as possible; this revised edition provides details of guided day tours and adventure trips. In an expensive country to visit, this guide offers tips on keeping costs down. Naeroyfjord and Geirangerfjord are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Sognefjord is the world's longest fjord. In 2004, National Geographic listed the Norwegian Fjords as one of the worlds top tourist destinations; in 2008 National Geographic crowned Norway's Geirangerfjord and Naeroyfjord as the world's best managed world heritage site. \"FactFile\" offers practical travel advice, including local customs, accommodation and places to visit. [PAR] No es necesario ning\u00c3\u00ban dispositivo Kindle. Desc\u00c3\u00a1rgate una de las apps de Kindle gratuitas para comenzar a leer libros Kindle en tu smartphone, tablet u ordenador. [PAR] Apple"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Year 1989 \u2013 The End of Communism in Poland - ENRS The Year 1989 \u2013 The End of Communism in Poland [PAR] The Year 1989 \u2013 The End of Communism in Poland [PAR] Created on Tuesday, 23 August 2011 08:03 [PAR] Written by: Dudek Antoni [PAR] Tags: European Network Remembrance and Soldiarity, 1989, End of Communism, Poland, Solidarity Movement [PAR] The wave of strikes in the summer of 1980 and its consequence, the birth of NSZZ Solidarity started the deepest phase of the crisis of the communist state in Poland. The economic crisis, growing since 1976, had led to a destabilisation of the political system based on hegemonic position of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1980. The creation of NSZZ Solidarity and its over year long period of legal functioning significantly altered the social awareness, a change which could no longer be reversed by the so-called politics of normalisation, which began after the introducing of martial law in Poland in December 1981. The banning of Solidarity and the pacification of civil protests, which peaked on the 31st of August 1982 when demonstrations of supporters of the union took place in 66 cities, had not stopped the economic, social and political changes which put the People's Republic of Poland (PRL) in a state of chronic crisis and, after a change of the international situation, led to its downfall. Below I will try to enumerate the most important factors which, in my opinion, made the crisis grow and, in consequence, led to the breakdown of the system in 1989. [PAR] 1. Changes in the USSR. This factor appeared last, only after the proclamation of the politics of perestroika by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986 but has to be mentioned first as it played a crucial role in inclining the team of general Wojciech Jaruzelski to begin changes in the political system, which, eventually, led to its complete breakdown. In July 1986, during a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev said, that the countries of Middle and Eastern Europe \u201ccan no longer be carried on our back. The main reason \u2013 the economy\u201d. This meant that in the Kremlin opinion was prevalent, that the model of cooperation within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which was based on the transferable ruble, needed to be changed. The supply of petroleum and natural gas \u2013 the main export articles of the USSR \u2013 to the Comecon countries at set prices had no longer been profitable for the Soviet economy. It also was not a coincidence that one of Moscow's most important postulates after the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki had been formed was the transition to USD as currency in mutual trade. [PAR] Although the knowledge remains limited regarding the plans of the Soviet leadership in the second half of the 1980s, Andrzej Paczkowski was probably right to say that \u201cGorbachev did something like an amputation on the Brezhnev >Doctrine<, which lost its ideological sense and became more of a geopolitical rule. The former pressure Moscow put on Warsaw subsided no later than 1987-1988 and was replaced by extensive conformity of intentions and actions\u201d. General Wojciech Jaruzelski's team's hands were bound at that time as far as system reforms go, but that did not prevent it from using the Soviet deterrent in contacts with the West, the opposition and the Church until the end of its regime. French researcher Jacques Levesque even claims, that Jaruzelski for a long time was not using the freedom which Gorbachev had given him. [PAR] 2."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rivers of France. About-France.com The Rivers of France. About-France.com [PAR] Rhone (812 km) Rises in Switzerland; enters France next to Geneva. Flows through Lyon. [PAR] Durance [PAR] Ard\u00e8che [PAR] Is\u00e8re [PAR] Saone - (473 km) the longest tributary of the Rhone. Connected by \"Freycinet\" gauge canals to the Rhine (via the Saone, the Doubs), to the Loire, to the Seine, to the Marne, and to the Meuse [PAR] Doubs (453 km) - passes in and out of Switzerland; Ognon [PAR] Ain [PAR] NORTH SEA [PAR] Rhin (Rhine) (1325 km) Rises in Switzerland; Marks the eastern border of Alsace. Flows through Germany and Holland. [PAR] German: Rhein; English Rhine. [PAR] Moselle : Rises in France, flows through Luxembourg and Germany [PAR] Ill (the ill) [PAR] Meuse (950 km) Rises in France, flows through Belgium and Holland. [PAR] (Dutch & German: Maas) [PAR] Canal du Midi [PAR] 240 km [PAR] From the Mediteranean to Toulouse - the world's oldest long-distance commercial canal - opened in 1681; southern part of the Canal des Deux Mers [PAR] Canal de Garonne [PAR] From Toulouse to the Gironde . Northern part of the Canal des Deux Mers [PAR] Canal du Rhin au Rhone [PAR] 324 km [PAR] From near Strasbourg to St Symphorien (on the Sa\u00f4ne). The total length includes over 100 km of the River Doubs. [PAR] Canal de la Marne au Rhin [PAR] 312 km [PAR] From Vitry le Fran\u00e7ois (on the Marne) to Strasbourg. Includes the remarkable inclined plane of St. Louis Artzwiller, lifting boats up a height of 44 metres (replacing 17 locks). [PAR] Canal de la Marne \u00e0 la Sa\u00f4ne [PAR] 224 Km [PAR] From Vitry le Fran\u00e7ois (on the Marne) to Maxilly sur Sa\u00f4ne [PAR] Canal des Ardennes [PAR] From the river Aisne to the river Meuse [PAR] Canal de la Loire [PAR] 196 km [PAR] From Digoin (on the Loire) to Briare (on the Loire), along the valley of the Loire [PAR] Canal du Centre [PAR] From Digoin (on the Loire) to Chalon sur Sa\u00f4ne [PAR] Canal de Bourgogne [PAR] From Migennes (on the Yonne) to St. Jean de Losne, (on the Sa\u00f4ne) [PAR] Canal de Briare"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Composition of the ECHR - Judges, Sections, Grand Chamber Composition of the ECHR - Judges, Sections, Grand Chamber [PAR] Born on 5 July 1973 in Kyiv, Ukraine [PAR] Human Rights Expert in Kyiv, 1994-2005 [PAR] Master\u2019s degree in law, Faculty of Law of Kyiv National University, 2003 [PAR] Member of the Ukrainian Bar, 2003 [PAR] Legal adviser, lawyer in Kyiv, 2000-2005 [PAR] Lawyer in the Registry of the European Court of Human Rights, 2005-2009 [PAR] Master 2 in Law and European Studies, specialised in human Rights in Europe, Faculty of Law of Strasbourg, 2007 [PAR] Doctor of Philosophy in law, Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine, 2008 [PAR] Lecturer in human rights law, Centre for International Protection, Strasbourg, 2008-2010 [PAR] Adviser to the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, 2009-2010 [PAR] Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 15 June 2010 [PAR] Vice-President of Section from 3 November 2015 to 31 October 2016. [PAR] Helen [PAR] Born on 1 June 1964 in Zurich, Switzerland [PAR] Doctorate in environmental law, University of Zurich, 1993 [PAR] Master of European Law (LL.M.), College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, 1994 [PAR] Research Fellow at Harvard University Law School, United States of America, 1995 [PAR] Research Fellow at the European University Institute of Florence, Italy, 1996 [PAR] Member of the American Society of International Law since 1996 [PAR] Legal Counsel in a law firm in Switzerland, 1996-2011 [PAR] Visiting researcher at the Max-Planck Institute for International Law of Heidelberg, Germany, 2000 [PAR] Professor of International Law, Constitutional Law and European Law at the University of Lucerne, 2001-2004 [PAR] Professor of International Law, Constitutional Law and European Law at the University of Zurich, 2004-2011 [PAR] Board Member of the International Law Commission, Swiss Section, 2008-2011 [PAR] Member of the United Nations Human Rights Committee (HRC), 2008-2011 [PAR] Visiting Scholar at the Centre for Advanced Studies in Oslo, Norway, 2010 [PAR] Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 4 October 2011. [PAR] Luis [PAR] Born on 15 November 1947 in Leon, Spain [PAR] B.A. in Law, University of Madrid, 1969 [PAR] Master in Political Science, Michigan State University, 1975 [PAR] Doctor of Law, University of Madrid, 1975 [PAR] Assistant Professor of Constitutional Law, University of Madrid, 1975-1978 [PAR] Professor of Constitutional Law, University of Extremadura (C\u00e1ceres), 1978-1995 [PAR] Clerk at the Constitutional Court of Spain, 1982-1986 [PAR] Judge of the Constitutional Court of Spain, 1986-1995 [PAR] Alternative Representative and Legal Expert for the Venice Commission, 1995-2003 [PAR] Professor of Constitutional Law, Universidad Carlos III (Madrid), 1995-2008 [PAR] Vice-President of the General Council of the Judiciary, 1996-2001 [PAR] Director of the Institute of Comparative Public Law, Universidad Carlos III, 2001-2003 [PAR] Secretary of State for Justice, Ministry of Justice of Spain, 2004-2007 [PAR] Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 1 February 2008 [PAR] Vice-President of Section from 1 November 2014 to 31 August 2015 [PAR] President of Section since 1 Septembre 2015. [PAR] Andr\u00e1s [PAR] Born on 25 March 1949 in Budapest, Hungary [PAR] Law degree at the ELTE Law School of Budapest, 1972 [PAR] Various research fellow positions at the Institute for State and Law, Hungarian Academy of Sciences since 1972 [PAR] PhD and Habilitation at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1977 and 1982 [PAR] Founder and spokesperson of the Hungarian League for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, Budapest, 1988-1994 [PAR] Legal Counsellor to the President of Hungary, 1991-1992 [PAR] Chair of Comparative Constitutional Law, University Professor, Central European University (Budapest), 1993-2007 [PAR] Member, American Law Institute, 1996 [PAR] Member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1997"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] East & West Germany Struggle To Become A Unified Nation East & West Germany Struggle To Become A Unified Nation [PAR] FIGURATIVELY SPEAKING, THE BERLIN WALL\u0092S STILL THERE : [PAR] East & West Germany Struggle To Become A Unified Nation [PAR] by Volker Kluepfel [PAR] WHEN EAST and West Germany were unified in October 1990, Chancellor Helmut Kohl promised the people that the situation would improve for everyone. [PAR] Now, eight years later, it seems his promise has not been kept: although billions of Marks (a German Mark is currently worth about 50 cents) have been invested in East Germany every year, its economic growth has not developed as fast as many experts claimed it would, and people are getting impatient. [PAR] Worse, the solidarity among East and West Germans is declining. The images of people dancing together on the Berlin Wall seem to be forgotten. More than a few East Germans long for their old communist system, when practically everyone had a safe job. They feel like they are the losers in the unification process. [PAR] On the other hand, many West Germans are tired of carrying the financial burden of the unification. [PAR] As a consequence, the Berlin Wall has been rebuilt--not in reality, but in the minds of the people. [PAR] To help the East get on its feet, a special tax was created called the \u0093additional solidarity charge.\u0094 The plan was to abolish this tax after only a few years, but it still exists, amounting to 7.5% of total salary. Both East and West Germans have to pay this tax, but without unification it wouldn\u0092t exist. East Germany\u0092s economy was shattered after more than 40 years of communist mismanagement. [PAR] To understand why there were once two separate economic and political systems in Germany, a brief look at history is required. [PAR] After World War II, Germany was split in two parts. One was controlled by the western Allies: France, Great Britain and the United States. The other one was governed by the former Soviet Union. The beginning of the \u0093cold war\u0094 led to the foundation of two different countries, the west-oriented Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, known as West Germany) and the east-oriented German Democratic Republic (GDR, known as East Germany). [PAR] While West Germany became part of the United Nations and the European Community and quickly developed economic wealth, East Germany was forced to adopt the planned economy of the USSR, and their production was dictated by political preferences, not by the demands of the people. [PAR] Infrastructure and industry did not reach the same level in the East as it did in the West. Large parts of East German housing were either neglected over the years or built with contaminated materials, or both. [PAR] After unification, East Germany had to be brought into alignment with West German standards. Though this expensive process is not yet completed, many significant things have already been accomplished. All East German state-run companies have been transformed into private firms, the railroad system has been renewed, and new highways have been built. [PAR] The West German social security system--including health care, day care, and retirement, among other benefits--has been extended to East Germany. Previously, benefits had been quite different. East Germans were dissatisfied seeing the amount of their pensions decline, but the levels have gradually been raised. The West Germans were likewise dissatisfied, because they had to help pay for those pensions. They had to take over this responsibility as part of the unification costs, because the defunct East German state used to pay for pensions. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ariadne - about the name Ariadne Ariadne - about the name Ariadne [PAR] About Ariadne Designs [PAR] Who was Ariadne? [PAR] Many clients ask us about our name so this page tells you something about Ariadne and why we chose the name [PAR] We chose the name Ariadne because she is synonymous with webs and weaving. [PAR] Ariadne herself was a Greek princess from mythology. [PAR] Ariadne (Greek \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bd\u03b7), in Greek mythology (Latin Arianna), was daughter of King Minos of Crete and his queen, Pasipha\u00eb, daughter of Helios, the Sun-titan. She aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and escaping from the labyrinth using a ball of red fleece thread to guide him. According to legend Theseus abandoned Ariadne on the Island of Naxos. There is a famous painting by Titian in which the Greek god Bacchus falls in love with Ariadne (he raises her into heaven and turns her into a constellation). [PAR] The figure of Ariadne originates from the Greek Island of Crete. The story of Ariadne and Theseus may symbolically represent the overthrow of the Minoan empire by Greece. The Minoans had a Goddess based culture and it could be that Ariadne is a representation of a Minoan Goddess. In Minoan culture acrobats leapt over bulls during major festivities, it is possible that the Minotaur is derived from the Minoan bulls. Sir Arthur Evans suggested that the labyrinth was in fact the royal palace of Knosos in Crete which he excavated. Knosos had over 1300 rooms and so was indeed like a labyrinth. [PAR] The name Ariadne means \"most holy\", composed of the Cretan Greek \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9 (ari) \"most\" and \u03b1\u03b4\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (adnos) \"holy\" or \"pure\". The name certainly suggests a possible link between Ariadne and the Minoan Goddess. Some have suggested that Ariadne was the Minoan snake Goddess . [PAR] Other uses of the name Ariadne [PAR] In mythology Ariadne was the bride of the god Dionysus. [PAR] There is a \" Saint Ariadne \" and Ariadne is a female first name more common in Europe. [PAR] These days you find the name Ariadne all over the web - but Ariadne Designs Ltd was one of the first companies to use the name in the context of the world wide web. We were formed originally in 1996 and have been developing innovative websites and spreading the word ever since. [PAR] We are a company dedicated to improving the web through well designed websites. Just as Ariadne helped Thesius escape the labyrinth so we can help you to get through the maze of the World Wide Web. [PAR] You can find out more about Ariadne from the following sources:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Name of Parliament of Countries | Name of Parliament of ... Name of Parliament of Countries | Name of Parliament of World | Name of Parliament of India | List of Parliament Names | Latest Parliament News | [PAR] General Knowledge : Miscellaneous : Name of Parliament of Countries [PAR] Name of Parliament of Countries [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Names of Parliaments of Some Important Countries [PAR] S.No. [PAR] Federal Parliament ( House of Representatives and Senate ) [PAR] 4. [PAR] Parliament ( House of Commons and Senate ) [PAR] 7. [PAR] Bundestag ( Lower House ) and Bundesrat ( Upper House ) [PAR] 13. [PAR] Parliament ( Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha ) [PAR] 16. [PAR] Parliament ( Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara ) [PAR] 26. [PAR] Federal Assembly ( Nationairat and Standerat ) [PAR] 44. [PAR] Congress ( House of Representatives and [PAR] Senate ) [PAR] Zambia [PAR] National Assembly [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Name of Parliament of India \u2013 Name of Parliament of all Countries \u2013 Name of Parliament of World \u2013 India \u2013 Names of Parliaments \u2013 Countries and Parliaments Name \u2013 List of Countries and Parliament \u2013 Name of Parliament of Different Countries. [PAR] Miscellaneous Related : Name of Parliament of India , Name of Parliament of all Countries, Name of Parliament of World , Name of Parliament of Countries, Names of Parliaments , Countries and Parliaments Name, List of Countries and Parliament , Name of Parliament of Different Countries, Names of Parliaments of Various Countries , Indian Parliament Name, Latest Parliament News of India , Current Affairs of Parliament, Parliament Current Events , Name of Parliament of China, Name of Parliament of Pakistan , Country and Parliament Name, Best Parliament in the World , List of Parliament Names of Countries, Parliament Name of USA , Parliament Name of China, Parliament of India , Parliament Names of Countries, Name of Parliament of Afghanistan , Name of Parliament of Japan, Name of Parliament of Nepal , Names for Parliament, Names of Houses of Parliament , Parliament Names of Different Countries, Parliament Names of Famous Countries , Parliament Names of the World, Name of World Parliaments , Japan Parliament Name, Parliament Names of all Countries , Parliament Names in the World, List of Parliament Names , Parliament Names of Various Countries, Parliament Names World , Norway Parliament Name, US Parliament Name , Name of Parliament of Russia, Name of Parliament of Malaysia , Name of German Parliament, List of Parliaments of the World , [PAR] Posted In general knowledge : miscellaneous : Leave a response for name of parliament of countries by priya [PAR] Leave a Comment for Name of Parliament of Countries[DOC] [TLE] The Storting is the Norwegian Parliament. It is ... - Forsiden Report error [PAR] About the Storting [PAR] The Storting is the Norwegian Parliament. It is the supreme arena for political debate and decision-making in the Kingdom of Norway. [PAR] The Storting represents the ultimate expression of the sovereignty of the Norwegian people. Through the Storting, it is the people who govern the country, introduce legislation, authorize public spending, impose taxes and control the work of the Government. [PAR] There are 169 elected Members of the Storting. Parliamentary elections take place every four years. There are no by-elections, nor is there any constitutional provision to dissolve the Storting between elections. [PAR] The system of parliamentary rule means that it is the Storting that determines the composition of the Norwegian Government. It is also the decision of the Storting to decide whether or not to initiate a referendum on a particular issue. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aachen - NEW ADVENT CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aachen [PAR] Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > A > Aachen [PAR] Aachen [PAR] Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download . Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more \u0097 all for only $19.99... [PAR] (In French , Aix-la-Chapelle, the name by which the city is generally known; in Latin Aquae Grani, later Aquisgranum). [PAR] The city of Aachen lies in a Prussian valley, surrounded by wooded heights, on the Wurm, a tributary of the Roer, on its way to the Meuse. Population, 1 December, 1905, 151,922 (including the Parish of Forst); Catholics , 139,485; Protestants , 10,552; Israelites , 1,658; other denominations, 227. 1990 Population: about 250,000 \u2014 Ed. [PAR] The city owes its origin to its salubrious springs which were already known in the time of the Romans. There appears to have been a royal court in Aachen under the Merovingians, but it rose to greater importance under Charlemagne who chose it as his favourite place of residence, adorned it with a noble-imperial palace and chapel , and gave orders that he should be buried there. [PAR] The precious relics obtained by Charlemagne and Otho III for the imperial chapel were the objects of great pilgrimages in the Middle Ages (the so-called \"Shrine Pilgrimages\") which drew countless swarms of pilgrims from Germany, Austria , Hungary , England, Sweden , and other countries. From the middle of the fourteenth century onwards, however it became customary to expose the four great relics only once in every seven years, a custom which still holds. These pilgrimages , the coronations of the German emperors (thirty-seven of whom were crowned there between 813 and 1531), the flourishing industries and the privileges conferred by the various emperors combined to make Aachen one of the first cities of the Empire. [PAR] The decay of Aachen dates from the religious strife of the German Reformation . Albrecht von Muenster first preached Protestantism there in the year 1524 but was afterwards forbidden to preach the new views and executed on account of two murders committed during his stay in the cities of Maastricht and Wesel. A new Protestant community was soon, however, formed in Aachen, which gradually attained such strength as to provoke a rising in 1581, force the election of a Protestant burgomaster, and defy the Emperor for several years. The Ban of the empire was, therefore, pronounced against the city in 1597 and put in force by the Duke of Julich, the Catholic overlord of the city. The Catholics were restored to their rights , and the Jesuits invited to Aachen, in 1600. In 1611, however, the Protestants rose afresh, plundered the Jesuit college , drove out the Catholic officials in 1612, and opened their gates to troops from Brandenburg . The Ban of the Empire was again laid on the city, and executed by the Spanish general, Spinola. The Protestant ringleaders were tried or exiled, and many other Protestants banished. These troubles, together with a great fire which destroyed 4,000 houses, put an end to the prosperity of the city. [PAR] Two treaties of peace were concluded at Aachen during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. By the first, dated 2 May 1668, Louis XIV was compelled, by the Triple Alliance between England, the Netherlands , and Sweden , to abandon the war against the Spanish Netherlands, to restore the Franche Comte, which he had conquered, and to content himself with twelve Flemish fortresses. The second treaty, dated 18 October, 1748, put an end"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albania - Flags of the World Albania [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Albania [PAR] Flag of Albania - Image by Clay Moss, 24 August 2014 [PAR] Flag adopted 7 April 1992, coat of arms adopted 22 May 1993. [PAR] Proportions: 5:7. [PAR] Description: A red flag with a black double-headed eagle. [PAR] Use: on land, as the civil, state and war flag, at sea, as the state ensign. [PAR] Colour approximate specifications (Album des Pavillons [pay00] ) [PAR] Pantone CMYK (%) Red 186c 0 90 80 5 [PAR] On this page: [PAR] Albania: Index of all pages [PAR] Description of the flag [PAR] The flag of Albania ( image , website of the Presidency), nicknamed flamur e Sk\u00ebnderbeut ( the flag of Skanderbeg ), is red with a black double-headed eagle. [PAR] Stephen Schwartz, 5 April 2001 [PAR] The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [loc12] ) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. [PAR] For Albania, PMS 485 red and black. The vertical flag has the eagle upright, i.e. not turned through 90 degrees. As depicted, the eagle occupies more of the flag than is shown above. On my monitor the eagle is approx. 29 mm high from a total width of 55 mm, and with a wingspan of 25 mm; in the protocol book, the eagle is 32 mm high out of 43 mm, with a wingspan of 28 mm. There is nothing in the book to indicate whether or not the images are exact scale drawings; presumably, having been passed by each NOC, they must at least closely resemble the real thing and its correct proportions. [PAR] Ian Sumner, 10 October 2012 [PAR] History of the flag [PAR] Historical outline [PAR] During its recent history, Albania used several flags which are variations of the basic design, a black double-headed eagle on a red background. Karl-Heinz Hesmer [hes92] describes these flags as follows: [PAR] - 1914: Principality of Albania . The eagle has golden beak and claws and is holding golden arrows. Its heads is surmounted by a white five-pointed star. [PAR] - 1920: First Republic . The flag was changed to a plain black eagle on red. [PAR] - 1928: Kingdom of Albania . President (and Dictator) Ahmet Zogu proclaimed himself King Zog I. Now the eagle is surmounted by the helmet of Skanderbeg , which served as the Royal crown, in gold. [PAR] - 1939: Italian occupation . Officially, Albania continued to be an \"independent\" Kingdom ruled by King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. The flag was changed to plain red with the new arms of the \"Kingdom\", a red shield charged with the black eagle surmounted by the helmet of Skanderbeg in black, the whole surrounded by two black fasces . Beneath the shield a black scroll is charged with the motto FERT in red letters. [PAR] - 1944: Provisional government formed by the Partisans. The pre-war flag was reintroduced, with a golden star added in the upper corner near the hoist, subsequantly replaced by a hammer and sickle. [PAR] - 1946: People's Republic of Albania . The symbol in the canton was removed while a red"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1945: Black Sea talks plan defeat of Germany - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1945: Black Sea talks plan defeat of Germany [PAR] Search ON THIS DAY by date [PAR] [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1945: Black Sea talks plan defeat of Germany [PAR] Plans are being drawn up by London, Washington and Moscow for the final phase of the war against Germany. [PAR] Leaders of the three countries, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, US President Franklin D Roosevelt and Marshal Joseph Stalin, have been meeting at a secret location in the Black Sea area. [PAR] A statement issued this evening is the first official confirmation of the talks which are said to have begun three days ago. [PAR] They were there to discuss the future of Europe now that the end of the war was assured [PAR] People's War memories \u00bb [PAR] According to the statement issued by the Ministry of Information in London the purpose of the meeting is to complete plans for the defeat of the \"common enemy\" and to build firm foundations for a lasting peace. [PAR] The three leaders, who are also accompanied by their chiefs of staff, foreign secretaries and other advisers, are said to have reviewed the latest information from all the battle fronts in Europe. [PAR] The statement continued: \"There is complete agreement for joint military operations in the final phase of the war against Nazi Germany. The military staffs of the three governments are now engaged in working out jointly the detailed plans.\" [PAR] Discussions on how to secure a lasting peace have also been held. Topics likely to be considered are the occupation and control of Germany, the political and economic problems of a liberated Europe and proposals for an international organisation to maintain peace. [PAR] A further communiqu\ufffd is to be issued at the conclusion of the talks. [PAR] The statement gave no further details of the exact location of the meeting. But the Black Sea was considered an ideal choice as it gave Marshal Stalin easy access to Moscow and news from the eastern front. [PAR] There has been some speculation the three leaders might appeal over the heads of the German leadership to the people themselves to get out of a \"lost war\". The German media has already issued warnings that any such appeal should be ignored as an attempt to undermine the fighting will of its forces. [PAR] It seems likely much of the conference will be spent on working out the details of the administration of an occupied Germany. Already General Charles de Gaulle of France has declared his country would like to be involved. [PAR] There is also the thorny issue of a Russo-Polish settlement as well as a need to get urgently needed food and other supplies distributed as quickly as possible. [PAR] Presidential aide remembers the Yalta conference [PAR] In Context [PAR] What became known as the Yalta or Crimea Conference ended on 11 February. Its location was revealed to be the former imperial palace at Livadia in Yalta. [PAR] An official agreement was published in which the three leaders declared their intention to combine their military plans and work in close partnership to defeat Germany. [PAR] They also drew up plans for the occupation of Germany and agreed France should be a fourth occupying power. [PAR] The leaders announced their determination to stamp out Nazism and to disarm and disband all German armed forces and bring all war criminals to justice. [PAR] All liberated territories in Europe were to have democratic government. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? [PAR] This question was answered on May 30, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? [PAR] rotten3 posted a question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 5:25pm [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] rapidd answered the question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 5:41pm [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The answer to this question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29828240) ]} [PAR] bestWriter8 answered the question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 5:28pm [PAR] FRANCE The French attempt to construct a waterway across the Isthmus was foredoomed to failure because the project fell into... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29828373) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need help with paper. For history. The first paper will focus on two of the major themes from the first half of our class: nationalism and imperialism. For [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] 3 History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal - History in ... 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal - History in the Headlines [PAR] 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal [PAR] August 15, 2014 By Elizabeth Nix [PAR] Share [PAR] Hailed as one of the great achievements of the 20th Century, the Panama Canal connects 160 countries and 1,700 ports around the world. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal [PAR] Author [PAR] 7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] August 15, 1914, marks the 100th anniversary of the official opening of the Panama Canal, the American-built waterway across the Isthmus of Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The 50-mile-long passage created an important shortcut for ships; after the canal was constructed, a vessel sailing between New York and California was able to bypass the long journey around the tip of South America and trim nearly 8,000 miles from its voyage. The canal, which uses a system of locks to lift ships 85 feet above sea level, was the largest engineering project of its time. Find out more fascinating facts about this iconic waterway, including why thousands of workers died during its construction and how it\u2019s now being modernized. [PAR] The idea for a canal across Panama dates back to the 16th century. [PAR] In 1513, Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa became the first European to discover that the Isthmus of Panama was just a slim land bridge separating the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Balboa\u2019s discovery sparked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which family ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? Which family ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which family ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? [PAR] This question was answered on May 30, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which family ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? [PAR] listone3 posted a question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 3:58pm [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] It is called Medici... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29827118) ]} [PAR] rapidd answered the question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 4:07pm [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here is the solution... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29827013) ]} [PAR] Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29827020) ]} [PAR] The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29827022) ]} [PAR] opiyopinto answered the question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 4:00pm [PAR] The family Medici' The House of Medici was an Italian banking family, political dynasty and laterroyal house that... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29827120) ]} [PAR] Feloo answered the question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 4:07pm [PAR] The Medici family, Explanation The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, first attained wealth and political... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29827152) ]}[DOC] [TLE] What was the name of the family that ruled Florence for three What was the name of the family that ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] What was the name of the family that ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 16, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] What was the name of the family that ruled Florence for three centuries from 1434? [PAR] coleyangel posted a question \u00b7 Jun 16, 2016 at 5:32am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Attached is a detailed explanation... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30173227) ]} [PAR] prof-Thiga answered the question \u00b7 Jun 16, 2016 at 5:33am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30173228) ]} [PAR] The family was House of Medici.The family was... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30186911) ]} [PAR] the name of one article on Bernie Sanders and Socialism? Using this article, answer he following questions: Do you believe Bernie Sanders is a socialist? Is [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] 6 History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gaul - Ancient History Encyclopedia Gaul - Ancient History Encyclopedia [PAR] Gaul [PAR] by bisdent [PAR] published on 28 April 2011 [PAR] Gaul (Latin Gallia , French Gaule) is the name given by the Romans to the territories where the Celtic Gauls (Latin Galli, French Gaulois) lived, including present France, Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany on the west bank of the Rhine, and the Po Valley, in present Italy . The ancient limits of Gaul were the Rhine River and the Alps on the east, the Mare Nostrum (Mediterranean Sea), the Po Valley and the Pyrenees on the south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west and North. Before the Roman conquest by Julius Caesar (58-51 BC), the name \u201cGaul\u201d corresponded to a cultural and military area founded on a common religion and federations of peoples who though that they had a common origin. This common origin probably dates back to 8th century, when migrants groups of the Bronze Age Urnfield culture spread slowly across the area of the future territory of Gaul. About 390 BC, the Gauls invaded and sacked Rome . In 222 BC, Cisalpine Gaul (the region between the Alps and the Po Valley) was conquered by the Romans. The best description we know about the pre-Roman Gaul is in the first chapter of the Commentarii de Bello Gallico, of Caius Julius Caesar . It is clearly a Roman point of view of the Gallic realities: [PAR] All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts , in ours Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae. Of all these, the Belgae are the bravest, because they are farthest from the civilisation and refinement of [our] Province, and merchants least frequently resort to them and import those things which tend to effeminate the mind; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who dwell beyond the Rhine, with whom they are continually waging war ; for which reason the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valour, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers. One part of these, which it has been said that the Gauls occupy, takes its beginning at the river Rhone: it is bounded by the river Garonne, the ocean, and the territories of the Belgae: it borders, too, on the side of the Sequani and the Helvetii, upon the river Rhine, and stretches towards the north. The Belgae rise from the extreme frontier of Gaul, extend to the lower part of the river Rhine; and look towards the north and the rising sun. Aquitania extends from the river Garonne to the Pyrenaean mountains and to that part of the ocean which is near Spain: it looks between the setting of the sun and the north star. [PAR] After Julius Caesar had conquered Gaul, the territorial organization of Gaul as part of the Roman Empire was concluded by Emperor Augustus from 27 to 12 BC: Respecting the ancient organization described by Julius Caesar, Augustus created three Roman Provinces: Gallia Belgica, Gallia Lugdunensis and Aquitania. In the south, the old Roman Provincia, to which Massilia was added, was renamed Gallia Narbonensis. The territories bordering the Rhine River were combined into two military areas, which under Domitian became"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which king of England had a mother and a son who were both Which king of England had a mother and a son who were both beheaded? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which king of England had a mother and a son who were both beheaded? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which king of England had a mother and a son who were both beheaded? [PAR] EvaPierce posted a question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 5:29am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] lewismrk557 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 5:29am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The way to approach this... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29993848) ]} [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29993853) ]} [PAR] kandagorJacque answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 5:30am [PAR] James I of England also called James VI of Scots.His mother, Mary... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30015731) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Most of our answers should be coming from the short stories we read in class. things such as The Illiad, Apology, and Funeral Orientation of Pericles. I need [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an European History tutor? [PAR] mathtutor1983 [PAR] 3 European History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jacobite Revolts: Chronology - Historic UK The Jacobite Revolts - a chronology of the events leading up to the battle of Culloden [PAR] 1701 [PAR] 12 June [PAR] Act of Settlement passed by Parliament, ensured that if William III and Princess Anne (later Queen Anne) should die without heirs, the succession to the throne should pass to Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James I, and to her heirs, if they were Protestants. The house of Hanover, which ruled Great Britain from 1714, owes its claim to this act. [PAR] [PAR] 6 Sept [PAR] Death of the deposed James II. Louis XIV of France recognises his son as James III, later known as the 'Old Pretender' . [PAR] 1708 [PAR] 23 March [PAR] A French naval squadron attempted unsuccessfully to land the Old Pretender on the Firth of Forth near Edinburgh . [PAR] 1715 [PAR] 6 Sept [PAR] Start of 'the Fifteen'. Following the accession of King George I, a Jacobite rebellion started in Braemar in Scotland. [PAR] [PAR] The Scottish Jacobites were defeated at the Battle of Sheriffmuir . [PAR] [PAR] A Scottish and English Jacobite force was defeated near Preston in northwest England. [PAR] [PAR] 22 Dec [PAR] The Old Pretender lands at Peterhead in northeast Scotland, joining Jacobites at Perth before returning to France on 4 Feb 1716. [PAR] 1722 [PAR] 24 Sept [PAR] The Atterbury Plot. The Bishop of Rochester, Francis Atterbury, a Jacobite leader was arrested and later exiled. [PAR] 1745 [PAR] 23 July [PAR] Start of the 'Forty-Five'. Prince Charles Edward, son of James and also known as the 'Young Pretender' (pictured below), landed on Eriskay Island off the west coast of Scotland. [PAR] [PAR] 19 Aug [PAR] With support from some of the Catholic MacDonalds, Charles 'Bonnie Prince Charlie' was able to gather his men at Glenfinnan. There the standard was raised and his father was proclaimed King James III and VIII. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] 4 Dec [PAR] Jacobites reach Derby, just 150 miles from London. Due to lack of support Lord George Murray and the other chiefs advise Charles to return to Scotland and wait for French help. [PAR] [PAR] 18 Dec [PAR] Arguably the last 'battle' to take place on English soil, the Clifton Moor Skirmish saw the retreating Jacobites meet the Duke of Cumberland's forces at Clifton in Penrith. Twelve Jacobites and fourteen of the Duke's men were killed, with the English being buried in the Clifton churchyard and the Scots under an oak tree (known locally as the Rebel Tree), where a plaque still remains. [PAR] 1746 [PAR] 17 Jan [PAR] Back in Scotland the Jacobites fail to capture Stirling Castle, but then defeat General Henry Hawley's army at the Battle of Falkirk Muir . [PAR] [PAR] 18 Feb [PAR] Withdrawing ever further north, the Jacobites capture Inverness. They stay there for 2 months. Meanwhile a government army, led by the king's younger son, Prince William Duke of Cumberland, was catching them up. [PAR] [PAR] 16 April [PAR] Against the advice of his chiefs, Charles lined up the Jacobite army - hungry and tired - on the flat moor of Culloden . It was to be the last major battle fought on British soil. In less than an hour Cumberland's cannon destroyed the military threat of Jacobitism. [PAR] [PAR] 20 Sept [PAR] Charles fled Culloden Moor with a reward of \u00a330,000 on his head and after many adventures, he eventually escaped on a ship to France. [PAR] 1766 [PAR] Death of the Old Pretender. [PAR] 1788[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Culloden (1746) | Jacobite Rebllions (1689-1746 ... Battle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph Stalin - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Joseph Stalin - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Joseph Stalin\u2019s Early Years and Family [PAR] Joseph Stalin was born Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili on December 18, 1878, or December 6, 1878, according to the Old Style Julian calendar (although he later invented a new birth date for himself: December 21, 1879), in the small town of Gori, Georgia , then part of the Russian empire. When he was in his 30s, he took the name Stalin, from the Russian for \u201cman of steel.\u201d [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1925, the Russian city of Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad. In 1961, as part of the de-Stalinization process, the city, located along Europe's longest river, the Volga, became known as Volgograd. Today, it is one of Russia's largest cities and a key industrial center. [PAR] Stalin grew up poor and an only child. His father was a shoemaker and alcoholic who beat his son, and his mother was a laundress. As a boy, Stalin contracted smallpox, which left him with lifelong facial scars. As a teen, he earned a scholarship to attend a seminary in the nearby city of Tblisi and study for the priesthood in the Georgian Orthodox Church. While there he began secretly reading the work of German social philosopher and \u201cCommunist Manifesto\u201d author Karl Marx , becoming interested in the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy. In 1899, Stalin was expelled from the seminary for missing exams, although he claimed it was for Marxist propaganda. [PAR] After leaving school, Stalin became an underground political agitator, taking part in labor demonstrations and strikes. He adopted the name Koba, after a fictional Georgian outlaw-hero, and joined the more militant wing of the Marxist Social Democratic movement, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin . Stalin also became involved in various criminal activities, including bank heists, the proceeds from which were used to help fund the Bolshevik Party. He was arrested multiple times between 1902 and 1913, and subjected to imprisonment and exile in Siberia. [PAR] In 1906, Stalin married Ekaterina \u201cKato\u201d Svanidze (1885-1907), a seamstress. The couple had one son, Yakov (1907-1943), who died as a prisoner in Germany during World War II . Ekaterina perished from typhus when her son was an infant. In 1918 (some sources cite 1919), Stalin married his second wife, Nadezhda \u201cNadya\u201d Alliluyeva (1901-1932), the daughter of a Russian revolutionary. They had two children, a boy and a girl. Nadezhda committed suicide in her early 30s. Stalin also fathered several children out of wedlock. [PAR] Joseph Stalin\u2019s Rise to Power [PAR] In 1912, Lenin, then in exile in Switzerland, appointed Joseph Stalin to serve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. Three years later, in November 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia. The Soviet Union was founded in 1922, with Lenin as its first leader. During these years, Stalin had continued to move up the party ladder, and in 1922 he became secretary general of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, a role that enabled him to appoint his allies to government jobs and grow a base of political support. [PAR] After Lenin died in 1924, Stalin eventually outmaneuvered his rivals and won the power struggle for control of the Communist Party. By the late 1920s, he had become dictator of the Soviet Union. [PAR] The Soviet Union Under Joseph Stalin [PAR] Starting in the late 1920s, Joseph Stalin launched a series of five-year plans intended to transform the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrial superpower. His development"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What country sold land including the present-day states of What country sold land including the present-day states of Louisiana,Arkansas, and Oklahoma to the USA in 1803? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] What country sold land including the present-day states of Louisiana,Arkansas, and Oklahoma to the USA in 1803? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] What country sold land including the present-day states of Louisiana,Arkansas, and Oklahoma to the USA in 1803? [PAR] TomRamirez posted a question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 5:14am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] lewismrk557 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 5:14am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The best way to approach your question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29993647) ]} [PAR] Let me explain the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29993652) ]} [PAR] steveaustine answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 5:16am [PAR] France Explanation On April 30, 1803, representatives of the United States and Napoleonic France conclude negotiations for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29993667) ]} [PAR] Let me explain the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29993684) ]} [PAR] During this second great era of empire-building (the first taking place in the Western Hemisphere between 1500 and 1700), how were the Europeans able to [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] anthonymbugua100 [PAR] 3 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anne of Denmark (1574 - 1619) - Find A Grave Memorial Anne of Denmark (1574 - 1619) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] London Borough of Richmond upon Thames [PAR] Greater London, England [PAR] British, Scottish Monarch. The daughter of Frederick II of Denmark and Sophia of Mecklenburg, she married King James VI of Scotland by proxy in August of 1589 and in person on November 23 of that year. She was unpopular with the people of Scotland, and when James ascended the throne of England as James I in 1603, she caused great embarrassment when she refused to take Anglican communion during their coronation. She had 8 children, only 3 survived infancy. As her husband had definite homosexual preferences, they lived largely separate lives. Anne occupied herself with entertainments at court, having a penchant for staging and acting in elaborate masques. This coupled with her Catholic faith, taste for expensive clothes and costly building projects made her as unpopular with her English subjects as she had been with the Scottish, and added to the great financial difficulties of James' reign. (bio by: Kristen Conrad)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abraham Lincoln's Assassination - American & World History Abraham Lincoln\u2019s Assassination - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Abraham Lincoln\u2019s Assassination [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer, fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln at a play at Ford\u2019s Theatre in Washington, D.C. The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his massive army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War. [PAR] Google [PAR] Abraham Lincoln\u2019s killer, John Wilkes Booth , was a Maryland native born in 1838 who remained in the North during the Civil War despite his Confederate sympathies. As the conflict entered its final stages, he and several associates hatched a plot to kidnap the president and take him to Richmond, the Confederate capital. However, on March 20, 1865, the day of the planned kidnapping, Lincoln failed to appear at the spot where Booth and his six fellow conspirators lay in wait. Two weeks later, Richmond fell to Union forces. In April, with Confederate armies near collapse across the South, Booth came up with a desperate plan to save the Confederacy. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The search for John Wilkes Booth was one of the largest manhunts in history, with 10,000 federal troops, detectives and police tracking down the assassin. [PAR] Learning that Lincoln was to attend Laura Keene\u2019s acclaimed performance of \u201cOur American Cousin\u201d at Ford\u2019s Theatre in Washington , D.C., on April 14, Booth\u2014himself a well-known actor at the time\u2014masterminded the simultaneous assassination of Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward. By murdering the president and two of his possible successors, Booth and his co-conspirators hoped to throw the U.S. government into disarray. [PAR] Lincoln occupied a private box above the stage with his wife Mary, a young army officer named Henry Rathbone and Rathbone\u2019s fianc\u00e9, Clara Harris, the daughter of New York Senator Ira Harris. The Lincolns arrived late for the comedy, but the president was reportedly in a fine mood and laughed heartily during the production. [PAR] History Channel Online Course \u2013 Lincoln Assassination [PAR] At 10:15, Booth slipped into the box and fired his .44-caliber single-shot derringer into the back of Lincoln\u2019s head. After stabbing Rathbone, who immediately rushed at him, in the shoulder, Booth leapt onto the stage and shouted, \u201cSic semper tyrannis!\u201d (\u201cThus ever to tyrants!\u201d\u2013the Virginia state motto). At first, the crowd interpreted the unfolding drama as part of the production, but a scream from the first lady told them otherwise. Although Booth broke his leg in the fall, he managed to leave the theater and escape from Washington on horseback. [PAR] A 23-year-old doctor named Charles Leale was in the audience and hastened to the presidential box immediately upon hearing the shot and Mary Lincoln\u2019s scream. He found the president slumped in his chair, paralyzed and struggling to breathe. Several soldiers carried Lincoln to a house across the street and placed him on a bed. When the surgeon general arrived at the house, he concluded that Lincoln could not be saved and would die during the night. [PAR] Vice President Andrew Johnson, members of Lincoln\u2019s cabinet and several of the president\u2019s closest friends stood vigil by Lincoln\u2019s bedside until he was officially pronounced dead at 7:22 a.m. The first lady lay on a bed in an adjoining room with her eldest son Robert at her side, overwhelmed with shock and grief. [PAR] The president\u2019s body was placed in a temporary coffin, draped with a flag and escorted by armed cavalry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Hitler Consolidated Power in Germany How Hitler Consolidated Power in Germany [PAR] How Hitler Consolidated Power in Germany [PAR] and Launched A Social Revolution [PAR] The First Years of the Third Reich [PAR] By Leon Degrelle [PAR] I. Who Would End the Bankruptcy? [PAR] \"We have the power. Now our gigantic work begins.\" [PAR] Those were Hitler's words on the night of January 30, 1933, as cheering crowds surged past him, for five long hours, beneath the windows of the Chancellery in Berlin. [PAR] His political struggle had lasted 14 years. He himself was 43, that is, physically and intellectually at the peak of his powers. He had won over millions of Germans and organized them into Germany's largest and most dynamic political party, a party girded by a human rampart of hundreds of thousands of storm troopers, three fourths of them members of the working class. He had been extremely shrewd. All but toying with his adversaries, Hitler had, one after another, vanquished them all. [PAR] Standing there at the window, his arm raised to the delirious throng, he must have known a feeling of triumph. But he seemed almost torpid, absorbed, as if lost in another world. [PAR] It was a world far removed from the delirium in the street, a world of 65 million citizens who loved him or hated him, but all of whom, from that night on, had become his responsibility. And as he knew -- as almost all Germans knew at the end of January 1933 -- that this was a crushing, an almost desperate responsibility. [PAR] Half a century later, few people understand the crisis Germany faced at that time. Today, it's easy to assume that Germans have always been well-fed and even plump. But the Germans Hitler inherited were virtual skeletons. [PAR] During the preceding years, a score of \"democratic\" governments had come and gone, often in utter confusion. Instead of alleviating the people's misery, they had increased it, due to their own instability: it was impossible for them to pursue any given plan for more than a year or two. Germany had arrived at a dead end. In just a few years there had been 224,000 suicides - a horrifying figure, bespeaking a state of misery even more horrifying. [PAR] By the beginning of 1933, the misery of the German people was virtually universal. At least six million unemployed and hungry workers roamed aimlessly through the streets, receiving a pitiful unemployment benefit of less than 42 marks per month. Many of those out of work had families to feed, so that altogether some 20 million Germans, a third of the country's population, were reduced to trying to survive on about 40 pfennigs per person per day. [PAR] Unemployment benefits, moreover, were limited to a period of six months. After that came only the meager misery allowance dispensed by the welfare offices. [PAR] Notwithstanding the gross inadequacy of this assistance, by trying to save the six million unemployed from total destruction, even for just six months, both the state and local branches of the German government saw themselves brought to ruin: in 1932 alone such aid had swallowed up four billion marks, 57 percent of the total tax revenues of the federal government and the regional states. A good many German municipalities were bankrupt. [PAR] Those still lucky enough to have some kind of job were not much better off. Workers and employees had taken a cut of 25 percent in their wages and salaries. Twenty-one percent of them were earning between 100 and 250 marks per month; 69.2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was the black educationist who was born a slave but ... Who was the black educationist who was born a slave but became a leader in the search for civil rights in the early 1900s? [PAR] Sign up [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Who was the black educationist who was born a slave but became a leader in the search for civil rights in the early 1900s? [PAR] This question was answered on May 30, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Who was the black educationist who was born a slave but became a leader in the search for civil rights in the early 1900s? [PAR] morrison1 posted a question \u00b7 May 30, 2016 at 7:15pm [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Booker Washington Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29829748) ]}"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution . Famous Faces ... Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution . Famous Faces . Mad Max: Maximilien Robespierre | PBS [PAR] Extended Interviews > Resources > For Educators > [PAR] Mad Max: Maximilien Robespierre [PAR] Maximilien Robespierre was born May 6, 1758 in Arras, France. Educated at the Lyc\u00e9e Louis-le-Grand in Paris as a lawyer, Robespierre became a disciple of philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau and a passionate advocate for the poor. [PAR] Called \"the Incorruptible\" because of his unwavering dedication to the Revolution, Robespierre joined the Jacobin Club and earned a loyal following. In contrast to the more republican Girondins and Marie Antoinette, Robespierre fiercely opposed declaring war on Austria, feeling it would distract from revolutionary progress in France. [PAR] Robespierre's exemplary oratory skills influenced the National Convention in 1792 to avoid seeking public opinion about the Convention\u2019s decision to execute King Louis XVI. In 1793, the Convention elected Robespierre to the Committee of Public Defense. [PAR] He was a highly controversial member, developing radical policies, warning of conspiracies, and suggesting restructuring the Convention. This behavior eventually led to his downfall, and he was guillotined without trial on 10th Thermidor An II (July 28, 1794), marking the end of the Reign of Terror. [PAR] Famous Faces"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Florence Nightingale > Statistics and the Crimean War Florence Nightingale > Statistics and the Crimean War [PAR] Florence Nightingale, statistics and the Crimean War [PAR] in [PAR] Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A [PAR] (2014) 177, Part 3, pp. 569\u2013586 [PAR] by Lynn McDonald, University of Guelph, Canada [PAR] Summary: [PAR] The paper presents Florence Nightingale\u2019s statistical work on the Crimean War, beginning with her iconic polar area charts. These are then adapted to give a more accurate portrayal of the relative causes of war hospital deaths. French statistical reports comparing British and French Army deaths are reported. The contention in the secondary literature that Nightingale was responsible for the high death rates in the war hospitals is rebutted, with comparative death rate data from the different hospitals. [PAR] Keywords: British Army; Crimean War; Florence Nightingale; French Army; Hospital deaths; Statistics [PAR] 1. Introduction [PAR] The Crimean War (1854\u20131856) was a terrible war by any reasonable criteria. Florence Nightingale\u2019s work in it is reported in detail in McDonald (2010). The death rates were appalling: for the British Army 22.7% of troops sent, an even higher 30.9% for the French Army and an unknown (high) number for the Russians, compared with 2.3% of American troops during the Vietnam War. The vast majority of Crimean War deaths were due to preventable diseases. The gains made by the war were negligible, such as free access to trade on the Danube. Moreover, Russia soon began to make belligerent moves in the Balkans. The UK stayed out of the next \u2018Balkan wars\u2019. [PAR] The Crimean War was formative for Nightingale, both for the lessons that she learned from it and the status that she acquired from her work. She never glorified war but came to understand that good could come out of evil: in the case of Crimea the end of serfdom in Russia, the creation of a new profession of nursing in Britain and major reforms in healthcare and nutrition for ordinary soldiers in the British Army, The methodology that she acquired post war in analysing what went wrong would ground her decades-long campaigns for social and healthcare reform. On her statistical work see McDonald (2003) and Stone (1997). [PAR] Nightingale started to work on ascertaining the causes of the high death rates immediately on her return to London. Her major collaborator was William Farr, Superintendent of Statistics at the General Register Office, and the most noted medical statistician of the time. He had already published charts on cholera, but the polar area charts he did with Nightingale went far beyond his earlier work. These charts were not included in the official Royal Commission report (UK, 1858a) or the shorter version based on it (UK, 1858b). They appeared first in Nightingale\u2019s privately circulated Notes on Matters affecting the Health, Efficiency and Hospital Administration of the British Army (Nightingale, 1858a). That report includes an enormous number of tables, with detailed discussion. The landmark charts, however, appear with scarcely a comment. [PAR] In January of 1859 Nightingale published a short paper which focused on those charts, \u2018A contribution to the sanitary history of the British Army during the late war with Russia\u2019 (Nightingale,1859a). She gave them next to Harriet Martineau for inclusion in her popular book, [PAR] England and Her Soldiers [PAR] (Martineau, 1859), where again they were not discussed. [PAR] Since the (one) coloured chart is well known and readily available online, it is not reproduced here. Instead several adaptations are presented and the two less known, but most useful, black-and-white charts are. Next, material is reported comparing British Army death"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - British History in depth: The Jacobite Cause BBC - History - British History in depth: The Jacobite Cause [PAR] Print this page [PAR] The Glorious Revolution [PAR] To modern eyes the complex web of religious and political loyalties which underpinned Jacobitism can seem alien and unsympathetic. The whole movement might be said to span the century from the deposition of James II in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the lonely alcohol-sodden death of Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1788. [PAR] A Catholic himself, James decided that by promoting edicts of religious tolerance, he would be able to surreptitiously re-establish Catholicism as the official faith of the British Isles. This notion produced near-hysteria in James's Protestant subjects - who had been taught to abhor this faith. When a son was born to the King and Queen, British Protestants were faced with the prospect of never waking up from their worst nightmare: a Catholic dynasty. [PAR] They turned to James's Protestant son-in-law William of Orange. In 1688 he led a successful invasion of England. James panicked and fled. As Scotland wavered, James wrote an utterly tactless letter to the Scottish National Convention in Edinburgh. They declared for William. James's most zealous Scottish supporter, Viscount Dundee, turned to a military solution. The first Jacobite rising broke out. But it was not very popular at all. Most Scottish nobles took the attitude of wait and see. [PAR] Dundee's forces destroyed William's with a devastating highland charge at the battle of Killiecrankie in 1689, but their leader died in his hour of glory. This left the movement headless. The wait and see-ers kept waiting, and the rising petered out. [PAR] So how did Jacobitism come back from the political grave in Scotland? In a few words: William and The Union. [PAR] So how did Jacobitism come back from the political grave in Scotland? In a few words: William and The Union. The new King's Scottish reign was characterised by government tactlessness and economic disasters. The most important of the latter was the Darien Scheme. William refused all English assistance to this Scottish venture to found a colony in Panama. When the scheme failed, leaving most of the would-be colonists dead, the King was widely blamed. [PAR] Thus to the die-hard believers in the hereditary right of James were added the dissatisfied. Jacobitism became a magnet for almost anyone with a grudge against the government. The Union of 1707 then produced what was for many Scots the grudge to end all grudges. [PAR] The ink was hardly dry on the treaty before it was being widely denounced, and Scotland was ripe for sedition. The French, who were at war with Britain, suddenly saw an advantage to be gained here. They would land the new Jacobite heir, James III 'The Old Pretender' in his ancestral kingdom and start a rebellion. It was an excellent opportunity to unite much of the nation, even many Presbyterians, on the Jacobite side against the Union. [PAR] The abortive 1708 rising was dogged with bad luck, however, and possible sabotage. The invasion fleet arrived tardily in the Firth of Forth to find the Royal Navy waiting for them. The French commander refused to put the furious James ashore. The invasion that might have united Scotland against the Union was a damp squib. [PAR] Top [PAR] The '15 Rebellion [PAR] Contemporary newspaper account of the Battle of Glen Sheil in 1719 \u00a9 However Jacobitism was still very dangerous. The promised benefits of the Union had failed to arrive for many people. Instead, heavy excise duty and increased"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jamestown, Virginia - First Permanent English Settlement ... Jamestown, Virginia - First Permanent English Settlement in America [PAR] Jamestown, Virginia - Historic Sites & Points of Interest [PAR] Jamestown, Virginia [PAR] The first permanent English settlement in the New [PAR] World was established here on the banks of [PAR] Virginia's James River in 1607. [PAR] Jamestown, Virginia [PAR] One of the most historic sites [PAR] in North America, this point on [PAR] the James River was the site [PAR] of the first English settlement. [PAR] Jamestown Memorial [PAR] ChurchThe brick tower at the [PAR] front of the church was built in [PAR] 1690 and is the only standing [PAR] 17th century structure at the [PAR] site. [PAR] visitors see the fort as it [PAR] appeared in 1607. [PAR] Site of Old Jamestowne, Virginia [PAR] Ruins on the James River [PAR] Ruins from Jamestown's later [PAR] years can be seen on the [PAR] banks of the James. [PAR] Copyright 2010 & 2014 by Dale Cox [PAR] All rights reserved. [PAR] On May 14, 1607, a small company of [PAR] settlers landed at a point on the James River [PAR] in Virginia and established the settlement of [PAR] Jamestown. It was the first permanent [PAR] English settlement in the New World. [PAR] The Spanish were already well-established [PAR] in Florida by this time, having founded the city [PAR] of St. Augustine in 1565. While that city holds [PAR] the true title of \"first permanent settlement\" in [PAR] the United States, the planting of Jamestown [PAR] by the English established King James' [PAR] claim to North America and set the stage for [PAR] years of war and dispute between the [PAR] powers of Europe for control of the new lands [PAR] across the ocean. [PAR] The first settlers of Jamestown, led by the [PAR] famed Captain John Smith, built a fort, [PAR] church, storehouse and other structures in [PAR] their first three months at the settlement, [PAR] even as sickness and starvation stalked the [PAR] new colony. By 1609, ships had brought 214 [PAR] English settlers to Jamestown. By the [PAR] summer of that year, only 60 remained alive. [PAR] These survivors decided to give up and go [PAR] home, but after burying their cannon and [PAR] preparing to leave, they were stunned by the [PAR] site of sailing ships entering the James [PAR] River. The vessels turned out to be the relief [PAR] flotilla of Lord De La Ware, who brought food, [PAR] supplies and new colonists. The crisis [PAR] passed and Jamestown survived. [PAR] During these first months of the English [PAR] presence in Virginia, an incident took place [PAR] that captured the imagination of writers and [PAR] romantics for generations to come. While on [PAR] an expedition from the new fort into the [PAR] interior, Captain John Smith was captured by [PAR] the warriors of Powhatan, the powerful chief [PAR] of the Algonquin Indians who lived in this [PAR] area of coastal Virginia. [PAR] Carried to Powhatan's village, Smith said that [PAR] he was first welcomed with a feast, but [PAR] suddenly was grabbed and stretched out on [PAR] rocks to be executed with clubs. At this point, [PAR] according to his account, a young daughter of [PAR] the chief suddenly covered his body with her [PAR] own and saved his life. Her name, of course, [PAR] was Pocahontas. [PAR] Anthropologists believe the incident may [PAR] have been part of a traditional ceremony and [PAR] that Powhatan meant Smith no harm. The [PAR] legend has survived, however, as has the [PAR] name of Pocahontas, who eventually married [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jomo Kenyatta: First President of Independent Kenya ... Jomo Kenyatta: First President of Independent Kenya - General Knowledge Facts [PAR] General Knowledge Facts [PAR] Select a Page [PAR] Searching... [PAR] Home \u00bb facts \u00bb Famous Personalities \u00bb featured \u00bb first president of Kenya \u00bb general knowledge facts \u00bb History \u00bb internet \u00bb Jomo Kenyatta \u00bb Kenya \u00bb Who is Who \u00bb world \u00bb World history \u00bb Jomo Kenyatta: First President of Independent Kenya [PAR] Sunday, 8 September 2013 [PAR] 02:17 [PAR] Jomo Kenyatta was the first president of independent Kenya.He is considered as the founding [PAR] father of Kenyan nation.He was the leader of the Kenyan independence movement.He has also authored many books.His is the father of the current president of Kenya ,Uhuru Kenyatta. [PAR] He was born in 18th August 1893.After completing his education he joinded the movement for Independence.At that time Kenya was under British Colonial Rule.He was elected as the president of Kenyan African Union (KAU) in 1947.He was arrested and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment in 1953.He was released in 1961 following public demand,after that he was admitted to the legislative council. [PAR] He became the prime minister of Kenya after Independence was declared on 12 December 1963.When the constitution was amended to make Kenya a republic he was elected the first president of Kenya on June 1964.He was the president of Kenya till his death on 1978. [PAR] He died on 22nd August 1978 in Mombasa .[DOC] [TLE] Which of the following individuals was a Kenyan ... Which of the following individuals was a Kenyan nationalist politician and was the first president of independent Kenya? a. Mustafa Kemal c. Leopold Senghor b. Nnamdi Azikiwe d. Jomo Kenyatta [PAR] You have new items in your feed. Click to view. [PAR] Question and answer [PAR] Which of the following individuals was a Kenyan nationalist politician and was the first president of independent Kenya? a. Mustafa Kemal c. Leopold Senghor b. Nnamdi Azikiwe d. Jomo Kenyatta [PAR] d. Jomo Kenyatta [PAR] Which of the following individuals was a Kenyan nationalist politician and was the first president of independent Kenya? a. Mustafa Kemal c. Leopold Senghor b. Nnamdi Azikiwe d. Jomo Kenyatta [PAR] Original conversation [PAR] User: Which of the following individuals was a Kenyan nationalist politician and was the first president of independent Kenya? a. Mustafa Kemal c. Leopold Senghor b. Nnamdi Azikiwe d. Jomo Kenyatta [PAR] Weegy: d. Jomo Kenyatta [PAR] latefisher |Points 3420| [PAR] User: After Spain\u2019s split, Germany and Italy quickly sent aid to the conservative a. Nationalists. c. Traditionalists. b. Communists. d. Loyalists. [PAR] Weegy: The answer is a. Nationalist [PAR] sunny4691 |Points 1012| [PAR] User: After Spain\u2019s split, the Soviets sent aid to the a. Nationalists. c. Loyalists. b. Communists. d. Traditionalists. [PAR] Weegy: The answer is a. Nationalist [PAR] sunny4691 |Points 1012| [PAR] User: Which of the following played an important role in the shaping of modern art? a. new science b. psychology c. World War I d. all of the above [PAR] Weegy: Which of the following played an important role in the shaping of modern art? d. all of the above [PAR] Expert answered| lieengar |Points 20|"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which country was ruled by the Romanov dynasty from 1613 ... Which country was ruled by the Romanov dynasty from 1613 to 1917? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which country was ruled by the Romanov dynasty from 1613 to 1917? [PAR] This question was answered on May 10, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which country was ruled by the Romanov dynasty from 1613 to 1917? [PAR] KareenMccarty posted a question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 8:04am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] ProfWasylyna answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 8:04am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here is the solution... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29451125) ]} [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29451126) ]} [PAR] RUSSIA Romanov dynasty, rulers of... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29451150) ]} [PAR] Kevincole answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 8:06am [PAR] The country that was ruled by the Romanov dynasty from... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29456622) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] What valid reasons exist to oppose the continuation of the European Union both within and without Europe? [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an European History tutor? [PAR] jood.amc [PAR] 3 European History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] Romanov Dynasty - Spartacus Educational Romanov Dynasty [PAR] Romanov Dynasty [PAR] Romanov Dynasty [PAR] The Romanov Dynasty had ruled Russia since 1613. Michael Romanov took the title 'Emperor and Autocrat of all Russia'. The Emperor of Russia became known as the Tsar (Czar) and imposed autocratic rule - government by one man. Unlike in other European countries, the Tsars of Russia did not take advice from an elected parliament. The country was run by a ten man ministerial council. Each minister was both appointed and dismissed by the Tsar. [PAR] The Tsar also appointed the Chief Procurator of the Russian Orthodox Church . In fact, since 1721, the Orthodox Church had been run as a government department. [PAR] The Tsar also had the power to grant hereditary titles. These usually went to men who had achieved high rank in the armed forces and the civil service. It 1900 it was estimated that there were about 1.8 million members of the nobility in Russia. [PAR] Alexander II became the sixteenth Romanov tsar in 1855. He attempted to bring in some political reforms. This included permitting each district to set up a Zemstvo . These were local councils with powers to provide roads, schools and medical services. However, the right to elect members was restricted to the wealthy. [PAR] Reformers in Russia wanted the same democratic rights as those enjoyed in other European countries. In 1876 a group of reformers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United States Relations with Russia: The Cold War United States Relations with Russia: The Cold War [PAR] United States Relations with Russia: The Cold War [PAR] 1945-1949 [PAR] 1945-1946: Creation of Eastern European People's Republics [PAR] Between November 1945 and December 1946, a number of the coalition governments established in the Eastern European countries occupied by Soviet troops during the war transformed into Communist \"People's Republics\" with strong ties to the Soviet Union. These included Yugoslavia (November 1945); Albania (January 1946); and Bulgaria (December 1946). The United States and Britain considered this an abrogation of agreements made at the Yalta Conference. [PAR] February 1946: George Kennan's Long Telegram and the Policy of Containment [PAR] On February 22, 1946, George F. Kennan, the Charg\ufffd d'Affaires at the Moscow Embassy, sent a long telegram to the Department of State detailing his concerns about Soviet expansionism. Kennan argued that the United States would never be able to cooperate successfully with the Soviets, because they saw the West as an enemy and would engage in a protracted battle to limit Western power and increase Soviet domination. Kennan argued that the United States should lead the West in \"containing\" the Soviets by exerting counterforce at various geographical and political points of conflict. Kennan published a public version of this argument in the July 1947 issue of the journal Foreign Affairs. Kennan's articulations of the policy of containment had a major influence on American foreign policy toward the Soviet Union. [PAR] March 1946: Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech [PAR] During a speech at Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946, visiting British Prime Minister Winston Churchill proclaimed that Europe was divided by an \"Iron Curtain\" as the nations of Eastern Europe fell increasingly under Soviet control. Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia all fell under Communist control by early 1948. [PAR] Spring 1946: Soviet Troops in Iran [PAR] Responding to Iranian requests to the United Nations, on March 5, 1946, the United States sent a note to Moscow protesting the retention of Soviet troops in Iran, where Stalin wanted to establish Soviet influence. On April 3, the Soviet Union announced that its troops would leave by May 6. [PAR] March 1947: Truman Doctrine [PAR] The Soviets aimed also to establish influence over Turkey and Greece in an effort to seek access to the Mediterranean. President Truman delivered a speech before Congress on March 12, 1947, asking for $400 million to provide assistance for Greece and Turkey in the hopes of bolstering pro-Western governments there. In this speech, he enunciated the Truman Doctrine that would serve to justify the U.S. Cold War policy of containment. This doctrine described the U.S. policy of supporting free peoples who resisted subjugation from armed minorities or outside pressures. [PAR] June 1947: U.S. Efforts to Control Atomic Energy [PAR] In June 1947, the United States submitted proposals, know as the Baruch Plan, for the creation of an International Atomic Energy Development Authority to control all phases of the development and use of atomic energy. The United States offered to destroy its atomic weapons after international control and inspection became effective. The Soviet Union rejected the proposal. [PAR] June 5, 1947: Marshall's Offer of Economic Assistance [PAR] In a speech given at Harvard University on June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall offered U.S. assistance for the postwar economic rehabilitation of all European nations, including those that had adopted Communist governments. The Soviet Union denounced the Marshall Plan, saying it would infringe upon European sovereignty. Western European nations accepted Marshall's offer, while the Eastern European states followed Moscow's lead. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which Axis Power changed sides during World War II ... Which Axis Power changed sides during World War II, declaring war on Germany in October 1943? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which Axis Power changed sides during World War II, declaring war on Germany in October 1943? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which Axis Power changed sides during World War II, declaring war on Germany in October 1943? [PAR] SheliaBaldwin posted a question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 4:07am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] francisgakunyi answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 4:07am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The best way to approach your question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29992735) ]} [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29996326) ]} [PAR] Dr.Mutuma321 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 8:19am [PAR] In 1936, Italy was led into war by fascist Prime minister Benito Mussolini who... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30014422) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] mathtutor1983 [PAR] 7 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] World War II History: WW2 Axis Powers for Kids World War II History: WW2 Axis Powers for Kids [PAR] World War II [PAR] The Axis Powers [PAR] World War II was fought between two major groups of nations. They became known as the Axis Powers and the Allied Powers. The major Axis Powers were Germany , Italy, and Japan. [PAR] The Forming of the Axis Powers [PAR] The alliance began to form in 1936. First, on October 15, 1936 Germany and Italy signed a friendship treaty that formed the Rome-German Axis. It was after this treaty that Italian dictator Benito Mussolini used the term Axis to refer to their alliance. Shortly after this, on November 25, 1936, Japan and Germany both signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, which was a treaty against communism. [PAR] An even stronger alliance was signed between Germany and Italy on May 22, 1939 called the Pact of Steel. This treaty would later be called the Tripartite Pact when Japan signed it on September 27, 1940. Now the three main Axis Powers were allies in the war. [PAR] Mussolini (left) and Adolf Hitler [PAR] Source: National Archives [PAR] Leaders of the Axis Powers [PAR] The three main member countries of the Axis Powers were ruled by dictators. They were: [PAR] Germany: Adolf Hitler - Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and Fuhrer in 1934. He was a ruthless dictator who hated Jewish people. He wanted to purge Germany of all weak people. He also wanted to take control of all of Europe. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 11 | 1973: President overthrown in Chile ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 11 | 1973: President overthrown in Chile coup [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1973: President overthrown in Chile coup [PAR] President Salvador Allende of Chile, the world's first democratically-elected Marxist head of state, has died in a revolt led by army leaders. [PAR] One report says the 64-year-old leader committed suicide rather than surrender to the commanders of the armed forces and the paramilitary police. [PAR] Air Force planes attacked the presidential palace with rockets and bombs and tanks opened fire after President Allende rejected an initial demand for his resignation. [PAR] According to military sources, Dr Allende asked for a five-minute ceasefire in order to resign. But the armed forces said that was impossible because snipers loyal to the president were operating from buildings near the presidential palace. [PAR] Economic crisis [PAR] At least 17 bombs were dropped in an attack on the palace, one of which scored a direct hit. [PAR] Martial law has been declared throughout the country, a curfew has been imposed and the carrying of guns has been banned. [PAR] Although Dr Allende called on his followers to support him, there appeared to be little organised resistance. [PAR] Troops blasted buildings in the city centre around the presidential palace in an attempt to dislodge pro-Allende snipers. Helicopters repeatedly machine-gunned the top floors of buildings near the British Embassy. [PAR] Bullets ripped through the windows of the embassy - but no-one was reported hurt. [PAR] Thousands of workers are said to be marching on Santiago from the north, despite a warning any resistance would be met with air and ground fire. [PAR] Opposition to President Allende has been growing for months. He was elected to power in 1970 with only 36% of the vote. He has not held a majority in Congress and gradually his authority has been eroded. [PAR] His attempts to re-structure the nation's economy have led to soaring inflation and food shortages. A prolonged strike by lorry drivers who opposed his plans for nationalisation has recently been joined by shopkeepers angry they have nothing to sell. [PAR] President Allende brought senior army officers into his government last month in an attempt to head off a revolt. [PAR] But the final crunch came three days ago when the two major opposition parties called for the President's resignation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rosetta Stone - Deciphering Hieroglyphs of Ancient ... The Rosetta Stone - Deciphering Hieroglyphs of Ancient Egypt (Bible History Online) [PAR] The Rosetta Stone [PAR] [PAR] Deciphering Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics [PAR] The key to deciphering the ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs was found in the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1798. [PAR] What were the Hieroglyphs? [PAR] For centuries scholars have wondered about the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs that would hopefully reveal answers about the first major civilization and world power on Earth. For about 3000 years the Egyptians used these peculiar pictures inscribed on their temples, statues, and monuments. Yet the knowledge of their meaning had died out long before Christ. [PAR] What scholars had to do to discover their meaning was to hunt out ancient writings of the Greeks and Romans to learn what their theories were and if anyone actually had the key. Yet no no Greek or Roman understood the nature of the hieroglyphs. The Greek tradition taught that hieroglyphs were symbolic signs or allegories and not phonetic signs. [PAR] Click Example1 and Example2 to see some hieroglyphs [PAR] The Middle Ages had no knowledge of hieroglyphic writing nor did they take any interest in it. But a manuscript of Horapollon brought to Florence in 1422 stirred great interest but they were still interpreted as hidden symbols for centuries to come. [PAR] How Scholars Decipher a (dead) Language [PAR] If no ancient documents were available to provide a key, typically the thing to do was to look for a bilingual example, where the unknown language is written alongside the exact same text that is already known and interpreted and begin various deciphering methods. Another way to narrow down the method was to look for the name of a person such as a king or a certain god that was believed in during that time period. But there were no helps for deciphering the hieroglyphs. [PAR] The Discovery of the Rosetta Stone [PAR] Then one day in 1798, while General Napoleon Bonaparte was leading his French Republican army into Egypt to occupy it, on accident a lieutenant named Bouchard was supervising fortifications at Rashid (Rosetta), on the west bank of the Nile Delta, about 35 N.E. of Alexandria, and noticed a black basalt stone that had been built right into the wall. He reported the stone to the archaeologists that had accompanied Napoleon's army and low and behold, it became one of the greatest discoveries in the 18th century. [PAR] The stone was 3 ft 9 in. (114 cm) long and 2 ft 4 1/2 in. (72 cm) wide, and partly broken. It had three horizontal bands with inscriptions carved in 2 languages, Egyptian and Greek, with 3 different scripts on each band: hieroglyphics, demotic script, and koine Greek. The Greek section, which was already known, indicated that all 3 texts contained the same message. The inscriptions, apparently written by the priests of Memphis, summarize benefactions given to Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205-180 BC) and were written in the ninth year of his reign in commemoration of his accession to the throne. When the French surrendered to Britain in 1801 the stone was brought to Britain and it now remains at the British Museum in London. [PAR] This was definitely a monumental discovery and scholars in Europe were very excited. They began by working on the demotic section and locating certain names alongside the Greek text. But they made little headway until in 1816 when an English physicist named Thomas Young realized that the hieroglyphs had a sound value rather than being just symbols. [PAR] note: I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlemagne - About.com Education Charlemagne - King of the Franks and Lombards [PAR] Charlemagne [PAR] Charlemagne [PAR] King of the Franks and Lombards [PAR] Depiction of Charlemagne in Stained Glass at the cathedral in Moulins, France. Photo by Wikimedia user Vassil, who has kindly released it into the Public Domain [PAR] This profile of Charlemagne is part of [PAR] Who's Who in Medieval History [PAR] [PAR] Charlemagne was also known as: [PAR] Charles I, Charles the Great (in French, Charlemagne; in German, Karl der Grosse; in Latin, Carolus Magnus) [PAR] Charlemagne's titles included: [PAR] King of the Franks, King of the Lombards; also generally considered the first Holy Roman Emperor [PAR] Charlemagne was noted for: [PAR] Consolidating a large portion of Europe under his rule, promoting learning, and instituting innovative administrative concepts. [PAR] Occupations: [PAR] More quotes attributed to Charlemagne [PAR] About Charlemagne: [PAR] Charlemagne was the grandson of Charles Martel and the son of Pippin III . When Pippin died, the kingdom was divided between Charlemagne and his brother Carloman. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] King Charlemagne proved himself a capable leader from early on, but his brother was less so, and there was some friction between them until Carloman's death in 771. [PAR] Once King, Charlemagne had sole rule of the government of Francia, he expanded his territory through conquest. He conquered the Lombards in northern Italy, acquired Bavaria, and campaigned in Spain and Hungary. [PAR] Charlemagne used harsh measures in subduing the Saxons and virtually exterminating the Avars. Though he had essentially amassed an empire, he did not style himself \"emperor,\" but called himself the King of the Franks and Lombards. [PAR] King Charlemagne was an able administrator, and he delegated authority over his conquered provinces to Frankish nobles. At the same time, he recognized the diverse ethnic groups he had brought together under his dominion, and allowed each to retain its own local laws. [PAR] To ensure justice, Charlemagne had these laws set down in writing and strictly enforced. He also issued capitularies that applied to all citizens. Charlemagne kept an eye on events in his empire through the use of missi dominici, representatives who acted with his authority. [PAR] Though never able to master reading and writing himself, Charlemagne was an enthusiastic patron of learning. He attracted noted scholars to his court, including Alcuin , who became his private tutor, and Einhard , who would be his biographer. [PAR] Charlemagne reformed the palace school and set up monastic schools throughout the empire. The monasteries he sponsored preserved and copied ancient books. The flowering of learning under Charlemagne's patronage has come to be known as the \"Carolingian Renaissance.\" [PAR] In 800, Charlemagne came to the aid of Pope Leo III , who had been attacked in the streets of Rome. He went to Rome to restore order and, after Leo purged himself of the charges against him, he was unexpectedly crowned emperor. Charlemagne wasn't pleased with this development, because it established the precedent of papal ascendancy over secular leadership, but though he still often referred to himself as a king he now also styled himself \"Emperor,\" as well. [PAR] There is some disagreement as to whether or not Charlemagne was really the first Holy Roman Emperor. Although he did not use any title that directly translates as such, he did use the title imperator Romanum (\"emperor of Rome\") and in some correspondence styled himself deo coronatus (\"Crowned by God\"), as per his coronation by the pope. This appears to be enough for most scholars to allow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name of the British political regime of 1649-60 What is the name of the British political regime of 1649-60 established by Cromwell? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] What is the name of the British political regime of 1649-60 established by Cromwell? [PAR] This question was answered on May 10, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] What is the name of the British political regime of 1649-60 established by Cromwell? [PAR] JulieannSutter posted a question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 8:01am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] ProfWasylyna answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 8:02am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The Commonwealth The next eleven years saw the rule of the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29451112) ]} [PAR] Kevincole answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 8:03am [PAR] Commonwealth- After meticulous preparations, Cromwell then took the army to Ireland (1649-50) where Royalist... View the full answer [PAR] May 10, 2016 at 8:14am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29451218) ]} [PAR] Prof-Magudha answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 8:13am [PAR] Hello, Cromwell held power throughout the 1650's by retaining the loyalty of the army. He also granted important positions... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29455408) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] answer to number 38, which of the following was not a difficulty facing postwar middle east? [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] mathtutor1983 [PAR] 2 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Archive - Apartheid in South Africa - 24 Hours ... BBC - Archive - Apartheid in South Africa - 24 Hours Special | Verwoerd Assassination [PAR] Apartheid in South Africa | Living under racial segregation and discrimination [PAR] 24 Hours Special | Verwoerd Assassination [PAR] Special programme on the assassination of the prime minister of South Africa. [PAR] FIRST BROADCAST | 06 September 1966 [PAR] DURATION | 53 minutes 3 seconds [PAR] FIRSTBROADCAST [PAR] 1966 [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] The shock assassination of Hendrik Verwoerd in the Cape Town Parliament causes questions to be raised about the future of South Africa. Verwoerd was killed by a white man who thought that poor white people needed more help. Individuals from all sides of the political spectrum give their views on his assassination and the future of South Africa. [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] Hendrik Verwoerd was the architect behind apartheid, which built upon earlier colonial legislation to keep the different racial groups apart. Verwoerd believed in the 'separate development' of the different racial groups as an ideology as much as a political system. He was born in the Netherlands but moved to South Africa due to his sympathy with the Afrikaner people after the Boer War. He was native affairs minister before becoming prime minister in 1958 [PAR] Contributors[DOC] [TLE] DEATH IN PARLIAMENT - Crimes & Mysteries of South Africa Crimes & Mysteries of South Africa [PAR] DEATH IN PARLIAMENT [PAR] Hendrik Verwoerd, 1966 [PAR] Hendrik Fredresch Verwoerd, psychologist, sociologist, journalist, statesman and the architect of apartheid, was born in Amsterdam on 8 September 1901. He was, as he bluntly admitted in 1947, 'an extreme Afrikaner'. [PAR] In 1925, he obtained a doctorate at Stellenbosch University and then went to America and Europe, where he did post-graduate studies at a number of universities, including Hamburg and Berlin. In 1928, he returned to South Africa and was appointed Professor of Applied Psychology and Sociology at Stellenbosch University. [PAR] In 1936, he joined a deputation of six professors in protesting against the admission to South Africa of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. From that year on, Dr Verwoerd was destined to be surrounded by controversy. [PAR] In 1937, he became the first editor of Die Transvaler, the National Party newspaper in Johannesburg. Under his editorship, Die Transvaler became an extremist organ, strenuously voicing its opposition to the Hertzog-Smuts alliance and to South Africa's involvement in World War II. A Supreme Court judgment against Verwoerd would later hold that Die Transvaler made a tool of the Nazis in South Africa; and he knew it. [PAR] In 1948, the National Party swept to power in the general election. Dr Verwoerd's contribution to the party's success was clearly recognized and he was elected to the Senate, where he became the leader of the ruling party. Two years later, he entered the Cabinet and was appointed Minister of Native Affairs. It was shortly after this appointment that Dr Verwoerd declared that the National Party had developed a policy '... which grants to others what it claims for itself and which is calculated to provide the same opportunities to everyone within his own race group. That is the policy of apartheid.\u2019 [PAR] On 2 September 1958, after the death of J.G. Striidom, Dr Verwoerd become Prime Minister. The year 1960 was a dramatic one for South African politics and for Verwoerd personally. In January, he announced that a referendum would be called to determine the Republican Issue; the object would be a republic within the British Commonwealth. Two weeks later, Harold Macmillan, the then British"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which 17th-century king of Sweden was known as the \"Lion of Which 17th-century king of Sweden was known as the &quot;Lion of theNorth&quot;? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which 17th-century king of Sweden was known as the &quot;Lion of theNorth&quot;? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which 17th-century king of Sweden was known as the \"Lion of theNorth\"? [PAR] KimberlyPerry posted a question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 3:43am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] francisgakunyi answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 3:44am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] 1 comment [PAR] Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 \u2013 6 November 1632, O.S.); widely known in English by his Latinised name Gustavus Adolphus or as Gustav II Adolph, or as Gustavus Adolphus the Great (Swedish: Gustav Adolf den store, Latin: Gustavus Adolphus Magnus, a formal posthumous distinction passed by the Riksdag of the Estates in ... [PAR] ryati1984 [PAR] Jun 08, 2016 at 3:45am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29992444) ]} [PAR] Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29992460) ]} [PAR] ivydmwangi answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 3:46am [PAR] Gustav II Adolf was the King of Sweden who was known as 'Lion of the North'. His leadership took place between... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30014262) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Answer these art history questions via. the Word Document attached. This is based on the Mid - to Late Nineteenth Century Art in Europe and the United States. [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] brightkesenwa [PAR] 3 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 7 mins [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] Military History Online - The genius of Sweden\u2019s \u2018Lion of ... Military History Online - The genius of Sweden\u2019s \u2018Lion of the North\u2019 [PAR] The genius of Sweden\u2019s \u2018Lion of the North\u2019 [PAR] The genius of Sweden\u2019s \u2018Lion of the North\u2019 [PAR] by Steve Wilson [PAR] In the skies over a modern battlefield a joint tactical air control team is often credited for carrying their platoon\u2019s \u201cbig gun,\u201d or radio, as devastating airstrikes are vectored in from aircraft loitering in the battle space where friendly forces are taking fire. [PAR] Laser guided munitions, global positioning systems, joint direct attack munition technology and real-time communications make it possible for military units to shape the battlefield to their advantage. [PAR] However, coordinated efforts on an ever changing fluid battle space aren\u2019t new concepts. In fact, credit for this military innovation, and several others, belongs to Gustavus II Adolphus, King of Sweden, whose reign lasted from October 12, 1617 until his death in battle, Nov. 6, 1632. [PAR] The Innovations [PAR] The period of warfare before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why not... nationalise the railways? - BBC News Why not... nationalise the railways? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Why not... nationalise the railways? [PAR] 11 July 2013 [PAR] From the section UK Politics [PAR] comments [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] A look at eye-catching policy ideas that are often talked about but never seem to feature in UK general election campaigns. [PAR] The background [PAR] Britain's railways were nationalised by Labour in 1948 and returned to private hands by John Major's Conservative government in 1993. [PAR] Labour was initially committed to renationalisation but the policy was dropped when Tony Blair came to power in 1997. Track, signalling and stations were taken out of private hands, and put into a not-for-profit company, Network Rail, after the collapse of Railtrack in 2002. [PAR] Labour has yet to reveal its transport policies for the next general election, but they are not thought likely to feature rail nationalisation. [PAR] Green Party MP Caroline Lucas has launched a private members' bill to allow the train companies to \"fall back\" into public ownership, which is supported by a number of Labour backbenchers and Plaid Cymru MPs. [PAR] The train companies insist the debate about nationalisation is solely driven by the unions. [PAR] Ian Taylor: The case for nationalisation [PAR] In 1993, Britain's railway was broken into pieces and handed, mostly as local monopolies, to profit-taking companies. [PAR] The cost of the railway to the taxpayer has subsequently more than doubled in real terms, a rise out of all proportion to the 33% increase in train services over the same period. [PAR] The cost rises stem from wastage as shareholder dividend pay-outs, other inefficient private sector financing and inefficiencies created by fragmentation of the railway. [PAR] Ian Taylor, co-founder of Transport for Quality of Life think tank [PAR] Formerly manager of environmental consultancy services for the Centre for Alternative Technology [PAR] Has also worked for Greenpeace and Oxfam [PAR] Transport for Quality of Life's clients include the Department of Transport, local authorities and the rail unions [PAR] The wastage amounts to over \u00a31bn per year, enough to cut fares by 20% if the railway were reunified as a public company. [PAR] Instead, fare increases on the privatised railway threaten to turn it into a \"rich-man's toy\", as this government's first Secretary of State for Transport put it. [PAR] Unbeknown to most passengers, one portion of our railway, the East Coast mainline, is still run by a publicly-owned company, Directly Operated Railways, which picked up the pieces after its two private sector predecessors walked off the job. [PAR] Recent calculations by the Office of Rail Regulation revealed how the public money that helps maintain the rail tracks or directly supports rail services splits between the train companies and showed that DOR receives less subsidy than any other rail franchise operator. DOR's success is a glaring embarrassment for the Government, who now intend to privatise it post-haste, even though that will increase costs to the taxpayer. [PAR] Most other rail franchises in the UK are, ironically, also run by companies that are wholly or partly publicly owned, but by other countries. Deutsche Bahn is foremost - they even run the Royal Train - and the German Government have said \"We're skimming profit from the entire Deutsche Bahn...it is invested in the rail network here in Germany\". So, if you are reading this on an overcrowded train with a ticket that made a painful hole in your wallet, take heart from your generous contribution to improvement of Germany's fine publicly-owned railway."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Royal Family Genealogy - Page 5 - The Royal Forums British Royal Family Genealogy - Page 5 - The Royal Forums [PAR] British Royal Family Genealogy [PAR] Quote: [PAR] Originally Posted by Wisteria [PAR] The Queen IS descended from Charlemagne. Also for your information so was the Queen mother, the former Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. [PAR] That is interesting as all my research has indicated that Philip brought that line into the BRF as it wasn't there before. [PAR] Could you provide the lineage please as I have never seen one with Elizabeth coming from Charlemagne, only Philip. [PAR] __________________ [PAR] Posts: 4,071 [PAR] Oh! Oh! I can! I can! [PAR] Of course I asked Wisteria for her link and she gave it to me. It's this one. However! One has to register to get the full geneology and as Russo hasn't registered, Russo doesn't have it. Although! The Legend says those dots at the top are all those that the person is decended from and there are 5 Kings up there along with Charlemagne. [PAR] Of course Wisteria will set things right once she comes one, however! I was SO excited about this new toy I had to jump in. Wisteria, I hope you forgive me! [PAR] Quote: [PAR] Originally Posted by Iluvbertie [PAR] That is interesting as all my research has indicated that Philip brought that line into the BRF as it wasn't there before. [PAR] Could you provide the lineage please as I have never seen one with Elizabeth coming from Charlemagne, only Philip. [PAR] Of course, I have much better sources than this, but on the spur of the moment I found this as I am not that keen on publishing my family tree on the forum but for starters you can look at this. Google has many references to the royal descendants (and others who are descended from Charlemagne). Not long ago there was a site asking for all persons who could prove (prove is the key word) that they were descended from Charlemagne to add their names to it. [PAR] Descendants of Charlemagne - Familypedia [PAR] To make it easier for you to search even though there are more links to Charlemagne, both Prince Albert and Queen Victoria were descended from Charlemagne. [PAR] As far as the Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (the Queen Mother) the connection (among others) is through Joan Stuart, Princess of Scotland who married John Lyon, Master of Glamis. [PAR] These are the most simple to find but HM is not descended just through one line but many leading to Charlemagne and many other great Kings. [PAR] Quote: [PAR] Originally Posted by Lumutqueen [PAR] There are two George Bushs' on the list, one at the bottom, and one just above Barack Obama at the top of what I presume is the next list. [PAR] You are right Lumut, when I posted they were in another column. [PAR] Kotroman, as to why Charlemagne was introduced to the thread, I was asked by Iluvbertie to give a link to prove that the Queen was descended from Charlemagne. I think that HM\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds family tree has been sufficiently recorded to give her the benefit of the doubt, but as to Mr Jones of the local bakery, well if he has proof! [PAR] Now let\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds forget Charlemagne, I did ask for the link to the Presidents to be moved if thought necessary,but I thought it wass rather interesting for our US members and some of the names are quite surprising. [PAR] The Monarchist League of Canada: Our Multicultural Monarchy - OUR MULTI-CULTURAL MONARCHY [PAR] www.monarchist.ca/redbox/ourmulticulturalmonarchy.doc"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trajan - Military Wiki - Wikia Trajan | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Selinus , Cilicia [PAR] Trajan (English pronunciation: / \u02c8 t r e\u026a d\u0292 \u0259n / ; Latin language: Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nervae filius Augustus [PAR] [1] 18 September 53 \u2013 9 August 117 AD) was Roman Emperor from 98 AD until his death. Officially declared by the senate as optimus princeps (\"the best ruler\"), Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the greatest military expansion in Roman history , leading the empire to attain its maximum territorial extent by the time of his death. He is also known for his philanthropic rule, overseeing extensive public building programs and implementing social welfare policies , which earned him his enduring reputation as the second of the Five Good Emperors who presided over an era of peace and prosperity in the Mediterranean world . [PAR] Born into a non-patrician family of Italian origin in the city of Italica in the province of Hispania Baetica , [2] Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian . Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis , in 89 Trajan supported Domitian against a revolt on the Rhine led by Antonius Saturninus . [3] In September 96, Domitian was succeeded by Marcus Cocceius Nerva , an old and childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army. After a brief and tumultuous year in power, a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard compelled him to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. Nerva died on 27 January 98, and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident. [PAR] As a civilian administrator, Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program which reshaped the city of Rome and left multiple enduring landmarks such as Trajan's Forum , Trajan's Market and Trajan's Column . Early in his reign, he annexed the Nabataean kingdom , creating the province of Arabia Petraea . His conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly \u2014 the new province possessed many valuable gold mines. However, the new province's exposed position to the north of the Danube made it susceptible to attack on three sides, and it was later abandoned by Emperor Aurelian . [PAR] His war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of the capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia . His campaigns expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent. In late 117, while sailing back to Rome, Trajan fell ill and died of a stroke in the city of Selinus . He was deified by the Senate and his ashes were laid to rest under Trajan's Column . He was succeeded by his adopted son Hadrian. [PAR] As an emperor, Trajan's reputation has endured \u2014 he is one of the few rulers whose reputation has survived nineteen centuries. Every new emperor after him was honored by the Senate with the wish felicior Augusto, melior Traiano (\"[be] luckier than Augustus and better than Trajan\"). Among medieval Christian theologians, Trajan was considered a virtuous pagan , while the 18th-century historian Edward Gibbon popularized the notion of the Five Good Emperors , of which Trajan was the second. [4] [PAR] Contents [PAR] File:027 Traianus.jpg [PAR] Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53 in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica [5] (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), a province that was thoroughly Romanized and called southern Hispania, in the city of Italica (now in municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville), where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trafalgar : Battle of Trafalgar : Horatio Nelson : Royal ... Trafalgar : Battle of Trafalgar : Horatio Nelson : Royal Navy : French : Villeneuve : Spain [PAR] Trafalgar 200 website [PAR] By Richard Moore [PAR] This great deciding naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars took place between 27 British ships under Admiral Nelson and 33 French and Spanish vessels under Admiral Villeneuve . [PAR] Needing to clear the British from the English Channel to allow an invasion of his implaccable national enemy, Napoleon Bonaparte wanted his navy to escape the British blockade, draw it away from Europe to the West Indies and then, after joining up with the Spanish, returning to hold the narrow stretch of water long enough to allow the crossing of his army. [PAR] Surprisingly, Villeneuve did manage to slip through the blockade and a rare error by Nelson gave the French more than a week's head start. By the time he reached the West Indies the combined enemy fleet had begun returning towards Europe and safe harbour in Cadiz. [PAR] Determined to bottle up and destroy his foe, Nelson and his fleet prowled waiting for an opportunity and that came faster than expected. [PAR] Bonaparte, believing there was only a small blockading force outside Cadiz, ordered Villeneuve from port and into the Mediterranean. [PAR] To his horror, the French admiral found himself caught between Nelson's fleet and cut off from safety by the blockading squadron. [PAR] On 21 October, Nelson sighted his prey and gave the order \" England expects that every man will do his duty .\" [PAR] After outlining a radical plan of attack to his captains, Nelson ordered the British fleet to head in two lines towards the in-line French and Spanish. [PAR] This would open up his vessels to enemy broadsides, but would split their formidable line, reduce the odds and then allow the better-trained British sailors to use their superior gunnery and sailing skills to destroy at close range. [PAR] The plan worked brilliantly and with the French vanguard cut out of the battle by the British slicing through the fleet, Nelson's men proceeded to take the enemy fleet apart. [PAR] Britain did not lose a ship, while 18 enemy vessels were destroyed. Some 14,000 French and Spanish sailors were lost, ten times the British casualties. [PAR] However, the most notable death at Trafalgar was Nelson who was shot by a sharpshooter as the Victory passed by the Redoubtable. [PAR] Mortally wounded , he died several hours later, but was safe in the knowledge he had won a massive victory. [PAR] Some thought must be given to his captured opponent Villeneuve who had been driven into Nelson's sights by Bonaparte's orders. [PAR] On his return to France, the humiliated Villeneuve killed himself with a dagger, unable to put up with the shame of defeat. [PAR] Trafalgar ended any chance France had of invading Britain and, from 1805 onwards, Bonaparte largely kept his military operations to terra firma.[DOC] [TLE] The Battle of Trafalgar - Britishbattles The Battle of Trafalgar [PAR] The Battle of Trafalgar [PAR] Nelson's crushing defeat of the French and Spanish Navies, [PAR] establishing Britain as the dominant world naval power for a century. [PAR] The French ship Redoubtable during her magnificent resistance at the Battle of Trafalgar. [PAR] It was a musket shot from Redoubtable that mortally wounded Nelson. [PAR] Place: At Cape Trafalgar off the South Western coast of Spain, south of Cadiz. [PAR] Combatants: The British Royal Navy against the Fleets of France and Spain. [PAR] Admirals: Admiral Viscount Lord Nelson and Vice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Blenheim in the War of Spanish Succession Battle of Blenheim in the War of Spanish Succession [PAR] 56,000 men, 90 guns [PAR] Battle of Blenheim - Background: [PAR] In 1704, King Louis XIV of France sought to knock the Holy Roman Empire out of the War of Spanish Succession by capturing its capital, Vienna . Eager to keep the Empire in the Grand Alliance (England, Habsburg Empire, Dutch Republic, Portugal, Spain, & the Duchy of Savoy), the Duke of Marlborough made plans to intercept the French and Bavarian forces before they could reach Vienna. Executing a brilliant campaign of disinformation and movement, Marlborough was able to shift his army from the Low Countries to the Danube in only five weeks, placing himself between the enemy and the Imperial capital. [PAR] Reinforced by Prince Eug\u00e8ne of Savoy, Marlborough encountered the combined French and Bavarian army of Marshall Tallard along the banks of the Danube near the village of Blenheim. Separated from the Allies by a small stream and marsh known as the Nebel, Tallard arrayed his forces in a four mile-long line from the Danube north towards the hills and woods of the Swabian Jura. Anchoring the line were the villages of Lutzingen (left), Oberglau (center), and Blenheim (right). On the Allied side, Marlborough and Eug\u00e8ne had decided to attack Tallard on August 13. [PAR] Battle of Blenheim - Marlborough Attacks: [PAR] Assigning Prince Eug\u00e8ne to take Lutzingen, Marlborough ordered Lord John Cutts to attack Blenheim at 1:00 PM. Cutts repeatedly assaulted the village, but was unable to secure it. Though the attacks were not successful, they caused the French commander, Cl\u00e9rambault, to panic and order the reserves into the village. This mistake robbed Tallard of his reserve force and negated the slight numerical advantage he possessed over Marlborough. Seeing this error, Marlborough altered his orders to Cutts, instructing him to simply contain the French in the village. [PAR] At the opposite end of the line, Prince Eug\u00e8ne was having little success against the Bavarian forces defending Lutzingen, despite having launched multiple assaults. With Tallard's forces pinned down on the flanks, Marlborough pushed forward an attack on the French center. After heavy initial fighting, Marlborough was able to defeat Tallard's cavalry and routed the remaining French infantry. With no reserves, Tallard's line broke and his troops began fleeing towards H\u00f6chst\u00e4dt. They were joined in their flight by the Bavarians from Lutzingen. [PAR] Trapped in Blenheim, Cl\u00e9rambault's men continued the fight until 9:00 PM when over 10,000 of them surrendered. As the French fled southwest, a group of Hessian troops managed to capture Marshall Tallard, who was to spend the next seven years in captivity in England. [PAR] Battle of Blenheim - Aftermath & Impact: [PAR] In the fighting at Blenheim, the Allies lost 4,542 killed and 7,942 wounded, while the French and Bavarians suffered approximately 20,000 killed and wounded as well as 14,190 captured. The Duke of Marlborough's victory at Blenheim ended the French threat to Vienna and removed the aura of invincibility that surrounded the armies of Louis XIV. The battle was a turning point in the War of Spanish Succession, ultimately leading to the Grand Alliance's victory and an end of French hegemony over Europe.[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Blenheim - britishbattles.com Battle of Blenheim [PAR] Battle of Blenheim [PAR] The Duke of Marlborough\u2019s spectacular defeat of the hitherto invincible French army of Louis XIV [PAR] The Duke of Marlborough leads the attack at the Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Harry Payne [PAR] The previous battle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lancaster - definition of Lancaster by The Free Dictionary Lancaster - definition of Lancaster by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Lancaster - definition of Lancaster by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Lancaster [PAR] Lan\u00b7cas\u00b7ter 1 [PAR] (l\u0103ng\u2032k\u0259-st\u0259r, l\u0103n\u2032-) [PAR] English royal house that from 1399 to 1461 produced three kings of England\u2014Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. During the Wars of the Roses its symbol was a red rose. [PAR] Lan\u00b7cas\u2032tri\u00b7an (l\u0103ng-k\u0103s\u2032tr\u0113-\u0259n) adj. & n. [PAR] Lan\u00b7cas\u00b7ter 2 [PAR] (l\u0103ng\u2032k\u0259-st\u0259r, -k\u0103s\u2032t\u0259r, l\u0103n\u2032-) [PAR] 1. A city of northwest England north of Liverpool. Chartered in 1193, it was built on the site of a Roman frontier station. [PAR] 2. A city of southeast Pennsylvania west of Philadelphia. A trade center in a rich farming region, it was settled by German Mennonites c. 1709 and was the meeting place of the Continental Congress in 1777. [PAR] Lancaster [PAR] (\u02c8l\u00e6\u014bk\u0259st\u0259) [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a city in NW England, former county town of Lancashire, on the River Lune: castle (built on the site of a Roman camp); university (1964). Pop: 45 952 (2001) [PAR] Lancaster [PAR] royal family , royal house , royal line , royalty - royal persons collectively; \"the wedding was attended by royalty\" [PAR] Lancastrian - a member (or supporter) of the house of Lancaster [PAR] Bolingbroke , Henry Bolingbroke , Henry IV - the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413) [PAR] Henry V - son of Henry IV and King of England from 1413 to 1422; reopened the Hundred Years' War and defeated the French at Agincourt (1387-1422) [PAR] Henry VI - son of Henry V who as an infant succeeded his father and was King of England from 1422 to 1461; he was taken prisoner in 1460 and Edward IV was proclaimed king; he was rescued and regained the throne in 1470 but was recaptured and murdered in the Tower of London (1421-1471) [PAR] Translations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Massacre of Amritsar | India [1919] | Britannica.com Massacre of Amritsar | India [1919] | Britannica.com [PAR] Massacre of Amritsar [PAR] Alternative Titles: Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Jallianwalla Bagh massacre [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] list of cities and towns in India [PAR] Massacre of Amritsar, also called Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre, Jallianwalla also spelled Jallianwala, incident on April 13, 1919, in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar in the Punjab region (now in Punjab state) of India , killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. It marked a turning point in India\u2019s modern history, in that it left a permanent scar on Indo-British relations and was the prelude to Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi \u2019s full commitment to the cause of Indian nationalism and independence from Britain. [PAR] Massacre of Amritsar memorial, Amritsar, Punjab, India. [PAR] Joanjoc [PAR] During World War I (1914\u201318) the British government of India enacted a series of repressive emergency powers that were intended to combat subversive activities. By the war\u2019s end, expectations were high among the Indian populace that those measures would be eased and that India would be given more political autonomy . The Montagu-Chelmsford Report , presented to the British Parliament in 1918, did in fact recommend limited local self-government. Instead, however, the government of India passed what became known as the Rowlatt Acts in early 1919, which essentially extended the repressive wartime measures. [PAR] The acts were met by widespread anger and discontent among Indians, notably in the Punjab region. Gandhi in early April called for a one-day general strike throughout the country. In Amritsar the news that prominent Indian leaders had been arrested and banished from that city sparked violent protests on April 10, in which soldiers fired upon civilians, buildings were looted and burned, and angry mobs killed several foreign nationals and severely beat a Christian missionary. A force of several dozen troops commanded by Brigadier General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer was given the task of restoring order. Among the measures taken was a ban on public gatherings. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Srebrenica massacre [PAR] On the afternoon of April 13, a crowd of at least 10,000 men, women, and children gathered in an open space known as the Jallianwalla Bagh , which was nearly completely enclosed by walls and had only one exit. It is not clear how many people there were protesters who were defying the ban on public meetings and how many had come to the city from the surrounding region to celebrate Baisakhi, a spring festival. Dyer and his soldiers arrived and sealed off the exit. Without warning, the troops opened fire on the crowd, reportedly shooting hundreds of rounds until they ran out of ammunition. It is not certain how many died in the bloodbath, but, according to one official report, an estimated 379 people were killed, and about 1,200 more were wounded. After they ceased firing, the troops immediately withdrew from the place, leaving behind the dead and wounded. [PAR] Portion of a wall in Jallianwalla Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, India, with bullet marks from the \u2026 [PAR] Vinoo202 [PAR] The shooting was followed by the proclamation of martial law in the Punjab that included public floggings and other humiliations. Indian outrage grew as news of the shooting and subsequent British actions spread throughout the subcontinent. The Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore renounced the knighthood that he had received in 1915. Gandhi was initially hesitant to act, but he soon began organizing his first large-scale and sustained nonviolent protest ( satyagraha ) campaign, the noncooperation movement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Ramillies - Military Wiki - Wikia Battle of Ramillies | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 3rd Barcelona [PAR] The Battle of Ramillies / \u02c8 r \u00e6 m \u026a l i\u02d0 z / , fought on 23 May 1706, was a major engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession . For the Grand Alliance \u2013 Austria, England, and the Dutch Republic \u2013 the battle had followed an indecisive campaign against the Bourbon armies of King Louis XIV of France in 1705. Although the Allies had captured Barcelona that year, they had been forced to abandon their campaign on the Moselle, had stalled in the Spanish Netherlands , and suffered defeat in northern Italy. Yet despite his opponents' setbacks Louis XIV was desirous of peace \u2013 but he wanted it on reasonable terms. For this end, and in order to maintain their momentum, the French and their allies would swing over to the offensive in 1706. [PAR] The campaign began well for Louis XIV's generals: in Italy Marshal Vend\u00f4me had defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Calcinato in April, while in Alsace Marshal Villars had forced the Margrave of Baden back across the Rhine. Encouraged by these early gains Louis XIV urged Marshal Villeroi to go over to the offensive in the Spanish Netherlands and, with victory, gain a 'fair' peace. Accordingly, the French Marshal set off from Leuven (Louvain) at the head of 60,000 men and marched towards Tirlemont , as if to threaten Zoutleeuw (L\u00e9au). Also determined to fight a major engagement, the Duke of Marlborough , commander-in-chief of Anglo-Dutch forces, assembled his army \u2013 some 62,000 men \u2013 near Maastricht, and marched past Zoutleeuw. With both sides seeking battle, they soon stumbled upon one other on the dry ground between the Mehaigne and Petite Gheete rivers, close to the small village of Ramillies . [PAR] In less than four hours Marlborough's Dutch , English, and Danish forces [4] overwhelmed Villeroi's and Max Emanuel 's Franco-Spanish-Bavarian army. The Duke's subtle moves and changes in emphasis during the battle \u2013 something his opponents failed to realise until it was too late \u2013 caught the French in a tactical vice. The battle proved decisive. With their foe broken and routed, the Allies were able to fully exploit their victory. Town after town subsequently fell, including Brussels, Bruges, Antwerp; by the end of the campaign Villeroi's army had been driven from most of the Spanish Netherlands. With Prince Eugene 's subsequent success at the Battle of Turin in northern Italy, the Allies had imposed the greatest loss of territory and resources that Louis XIV would suffer during the war. The year 1706 had indeed proved to be the Allies' annus mirabilis . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] After their disastrous defeat at Blenheim in 1704, the next year brought France some respite. The Duke of Marlborough had intended the 1705 campaign \u2013 an invasion of France through the Moselle valley \u2013 to complete the work of Blenheim and persuade King Louis XIV to make peace, but the plan had been thwarted by both friend and foe alike. [5] The reluctance of his Dutch allies to see their frontiers denuded of troops for another gamble in Germany had denied Marlborough the initiative, [5] but of far greater importance was the Margrave of Baden \u2019s pronouncement that he could not join the Duke in strength for the coming offensive. This was in part due to the sudden switching of troops from the Rhine to reinforce Prince Eugene in Italy, and part due to the deterioration of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Third Crusade - Military Wiki - Wikia Third Crusade | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color: #B0C4DE; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\">Strength</th> </tr><tr> <td style=\"width:50%; border-right:1px dotted #aaa;\">English: 8,000 men [1] [PAR] French: 2,000 men [2] [PAR] Germans: 100,000 men [2] </td><td style=\"width:50%; padding-left:0.25em\">Unknown </td> </tr></table> [PAR] The Third Crusade (1189\u20131192), also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin (\u1e62al\u0101\u1e25 ad-D\u012bn Y\u016bsuf ibn Ayy\u016bb). It was largely successful, capturing Acre, Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but failed to capture Jerusalem, which was the emotional and spiritual fixation of the Crusade. [PAR] After the failure of the Second Crusade , the Zengid dynasty controlled a unified Syria and engaged in a conflict with the Fatimid rulers of Egypt , which ultimately resulted in the unification of Egyptian and Syrian forces under the command of Saladin, who employed them to reduce the Christian states and to recapture Jerusalem in 1187. Spurred by religious zeal, Henry II of England and Philip II of France ended their conflict with each other to lead a new crusade. Henry's death in 1189, however, meant that the English contingent came under the command of his successor Richard I of England (known as Richard the Lionheart, in French C\u0153ur de Lion). The elderly Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa responded to the call to arms, and led a massive army across Anatolia, but drowned in a river in Asia Minor on 10 June 1190, before reaching the Holy Land. His death caused the greatest grief among the German Crusaders. Most of his discouraged troops left to go home. [PAR] After driving the Muslims from Acre, Frederick's successor Leopold V of Austria and Philip left the Holy Land in August 1191. Saladin failed to defeat Richard in any military engagements, and Richard secured several more key coastal cities. Nevertheless, on 2 September 1192, Richard finalized a treaty with Saladin by which Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, but which also allowed unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city. Richard departed the Holy Land on 2 October. The successes of the Third Crusade would allow the Crusaders to maintain a considerable kingdom based in Cyprus and the Syrian coast. However, its failure to recapture Jerusalem would lead to the call for a Fourth Crusade six years later. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] After the failure of the Second Crusade , Nur ad-Din Zangi had control of Damascus and a unified Syria. [PAR] Eager to expand his power, Nur ad-Din set his sights on the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt . In 1163, Nur ad-Din's most trusted general, Shirkuh set out on a military expedition to the Nile. Accompanying the general was his young nephew, Saladin . [PAR] With Shirkuh's troops camped outside of Cairo, Egypt's sultan, Shawar called on King Amalric I of Jerusalem for assistance. In response, Amalric sent an army into Egypt and attacked Shirkuh's troops at Bilbeis in 1164. [PAR] In an attempt to divert Crusader attention from Egypt, Nur ad-Din attacked Antioch , resulting in a massacre of Christian soldiers and the capture of several Crusader leaders, including Bohemond III , Prince of Antioch. Nur ad-Din sent the scalps of the Christian defenders to Egypt for Shirkuh to proudly display at Bilbeis for Amalric's soldiers to see. This action prompted both Amalric and Shirkuh to lead their armies out of Egypt. [PAR] In 1167, Nur ad-Din once again sent Shirkuh to conquer the Fatimids in Egypt. Shawar also opted to once again call upon Amalric"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - World Wars: Pearl Harbor: A Rude Awakening BBC - History - World Wars: Pearl Harbor: A Rude Awakening [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Introduction [PAR] It all happened so quickly. At 7.55am on Sunday 7 December 1941, the first of two waves of Japanese aircraft began their deadly attack on the US Pacific Fleet, moored at Pearl Harbor on the Pacific island of Oahu. Within two hours, five battleships had been sunk, another 16 damaged, and 188 aircraft destroyed. Only chance saved three US aircraft carriers, usually stationed at Pearl Harbor but assigned elsewhere on the day. The attacks killed under 100 Japanese but over 2,400 Americans, with another 1,178 injured. [PAR] ... the attacks had been slowly brewing for years. [PAR] Although swift in execution, the attacks had been slowly brewing for years. The US had once looked upon Japanese ambitions with a level of sympathy, even indulgence. Hit hard by the Great Depression of the early 1930s, however, Japanese disillusion with party government grew and moderates gave way to militants. In 1931 Japan occupied Manchuria in northern China. Over the decade conflict intensified and in July 1937 war was declared. As Japanese aggression increased, its relations with the US deteriorated. [PAR] Occupied Manchuria was rapidly exploited with the establishment of heavy and light industries. This was a practical necessity for Japan. Lacking in natural resources itself, the search for alternative supplies underpinned foreign and military policy throughout the decade and led to the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War. [PAR] On top of practical economic considerations, early military success and an inherent sense of racial superiority led Japan to believe that it deserved to dominate Asian politics. As with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, this combination bred an aggressive and neo-colonial foreign policy, the 'Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere'. Higher birth-rates and economic considerations required more land; the gene-pool justified it. [PAR] Top [PAR] Relations with the US [PAR] A briefing of Japanese pilots before the attack \u00a9 The policy increased in urgency as relations with the US sank further. Historically, Japan had relied on America to supply many natural and industrial resources. Increasingly alarmed by Japanese aggression, however, America allowed a commercial treaty dating from 1911 to lapse in January 1940. In July it followed up by embargoing scrap iron and aviation fuel. Things got worse in September when Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. It was now a formal member of the Axis alliance fighting the European War. [PAR] ... Japan knew that a full-scale invasion of South-east Asia would prompt war with America. [PAR] This posed real problems. Although officially neutral, there was no doubt where American sympathies lay. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had already strained the sinews of neutrality by supplying Britain with money and arms under the 'lend-lease' agreement. The Tripartite Pact meant that supplies to Japan would indirectly be helping Italy and Germany; further embargoes followed. [PAR] For Japan, embroiled in a long war with China, these were disastrous. Considering its very survival under threat, Japan intensified the search for a permanent alternative. The most obvious target was South-east Asia, rich in minerals and oil. German success in Europe in 1940 had orphaned French and Dutch colonies in the region and they became the focus of Japanese attention. [PAR] While occupying French Indochina in July 1941, Japan knew that a full-scale invasion of South-east Asia would prompt war with America. It needed a mechanism to buy itself sufficient time and space to conquer successfully crucial targets like the Philippines, Burma and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Battle of Actium - Sep 02, 31 B.C. - HISTORY.com The Battle of Actium - Sep 02, 31 B.C. - HISTORY.com [PAR] The Battle of Actium [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] At the Battle of Actium, off the western coast of Greece, Roman leader Octavian wins a decisive victory against the forces of Roman Mark Antony and Cleopatra, queen of Egypt. Before their forces suffered final defeat, Antony and Cleopatra broke though the enemy lines and fled to Egypt, where they would commit suicide the following year. [PAR] With the assassination of Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., Rome fell into civil war. To end the fighting, a coalition\u2013the Second Triumvirate\u2013was formed by three of the strongest belligerents. The triumvirate was made up of Octavian, Caesar\u2019s great-nephew and chosen heir; Mark Antony, a powerful general; and Lepidus, a Roman statesman. The empire was divided among the three, and Antony took up the administration of the eastern provinces. Upon arriving in Asia Minor, he summoned Queen Cleopatra to answer charges that she had aided his enemies. Cleopatra, ruler of Egypt since 51 B.C., had once been Julius Caesar\u2019s lover and had borne him a child, who she named Caesarion, meaning \u201clittle Caesar.\u201d [PAR] Cleopatra sought to seduce Antony as she had Caesar before him, and in 41 B.C. arrived at Tarsus on a magnificent river barge, dressed as Venus, the Roman goddess of love. Successful in her efforts, Antony returned with her to Alexandria, where they spent the winter in debauchery. In 40 B.C., Antony returned to Rome and married Octavian\u2019s sister Octavia in an effort to mend his increasingly strained relationship with Octavian. The triumvirate, however, continued to deteriorate. In 37 B.C. Antony separated from Octavia and traveled to the East, arranging for Cleopatra to join him in Syria. In their time apart, Cleopatra had borne him twins, a son and a daughter. According to Octavian\u2019s propagandists, the lovers were then married, which violated the Roman law restricting Romans from marrying foreigners. [PAR] Antony\u2019s disastrous military campaign against Parthia in 36 B.C. further reduced his prestige, but in 34 B.C. he was more successful against Armenia. To celebrate the victory, he staged a triumphal procession through the streets of Alexandria, in which Antony and Cleopatra sat on golden thrones, and their children were given imposing royal titles. Many in Rome, spurred on by Octavian, interpreted the spectacle as a sign that Antony intended to deliver the Roman Empire into alien hands. [PAR] After several more years of tension and propaganda attacks, Octavian declared war against Cleopatra, and therefore Antony, in 31 B.C. Enemies of Octavian rallied to Antony\u2019s side, but Octavian\u2019s brilliant military commanders gained early successes against his forces. On September 2, 31 B.C., their fleets clashed at Actium in Greece. After heavy fighting, Cleopatra broke from the engagement and set course for Egypt with 60 of her ships. Antony then broke through the enemy line and followed her. The disheartened fleet that remained surrendered to Octavian. One week later, Antony\u2019s land forces surrendered. [PAR] Although they had suffered a decisive defeat, it was nearly a year before Octavian reached Alexandria and again defeated Antony. In the aftermath of the battle, Cleopatra took refuge in the mausoleum she had had built for herself. Antony, informed that Cleopatra was dead, stabbed himself with his sword. Before he died, another messenger arrived, saying Cleopatra still lived. Antony was carried to Cleopatra\u2019s retreat, where he died after bidding her to make her peace with Octavian. When the triumphant Roman arrived, she attempted to seduce him, but he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great Leap Forward - History Learning Site The Great Leap Forward - History Learning Site [PAR] The Great Leap Forward [PAR] Citation: C N Trueman \"The Great Leap Forward\" [PAR] historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 26 May 2015. 16 Aug 2016. [PAR] The Great Leap Forward took place in 1958. The Great Leap Forward was Mao\u2019s attempt to modernise China\u2019s economy so that by 1988, China would have an economy that rivalled America. [PAR] Card issued to celebrate the Great Leap Forward [PAR] Mao had toured China and concluded that the Chinese people were capable of anything and the two primary tasks that he felt they should target was industry and agriculture. Mao announced a second Five Year Plan to last from 1958 to 1963. This plan was called the Great Leap Forward. [PAR] The Great Leap Forward planned to develop agriculture and industry. Mao believed that both had to grow to allow the other to grow. Industry could only prosper if the work force was well fed, while the agricultural workers needed industry to produce the modern tools needed for modernisation. To allow for this, China was reformed into a series of communes. [PAR] The geographical size of a commune varied but most contained about 5000 families. People in a commune gave up their ownership of tools, animals etc so that everything was owned by the commune. People now worked for the commune and not for themselves. The life of an individual was controlled by the commune. Schools and nurseries were provided by the communes so that all adults could work. Health care was provided and the elderly were moved into \u201chouses of happiness\u201d so that they could be looked after and also so that families could work and not have to worry about leaving their elderly relatives at home. [PAR] The commune provided all that was needed \u2013 including entertainment. Soldiers worked alongside people. The population in a commune was sub-divided. Twelve families formed a work team. Twelve work terms formed a brigade. Each sub-division was given specific work to do. Party members oversaw the work of a commune to ensure that decisions followed the correct party line. [PAR] By the end of 1958, 700 million people had been placed into 26,578 communes. The speed with which this was achieved was astounding. However, the government did all that it could to whip up enthusiasm for the communes. Propaganda was everywhere \u2013 including in the fields where the workers could listen to political speeches as they worked as the communes provided public address systems. Everybody involved in communes was urged not only to meet set targets but to beat them. If the communes lacked machinery, the workers used their bare hands. Major constructions were built in record time \u2013 though the quality of some was dubious. [PAR] The Great Leap Forward also encouraged communes to set up \u201cback-yard\u201d production plants. The most famous were 600,000backyard furnaces which produced steel for the communes. When all of these furnaces were working, they added a considerable amount of steel to China\u2019s annual total \u2013 11 million tonnes. [PAR] The figures for steel, coal, chemicals, timber, cement etc all showed huge rises though the figures started at in 1958 were low. Grain and cotton production also showed major increases in production. [PAR] Mao had introduced the Great Leap Forward with the phrase \u201cit is possible to accomplish any task whatsoever.\u201d By the end of 1958, it seemed as if his claim was true. [PAR] The consequences of the Great Leap Forward [PAR] However, in 1959, things started to go wrong."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nazi Regime in Germany | Jewish Virtual Library The Nazi Regime in Germany | Jewish Virtual Library [PAR] The Nazi Regime in Germany [PAR] Tweet [PAR] On January 5, 1919, two months after the conclusion of World War I and six months before the signing of the Peace Treaties at Versailles, the German Labour Party was brought into existence. In September 1919, Adolf Hitler joined the political party and less than two years later the party's name was officially changed to National Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei (NSDAP), thus beginning the infamous history of the Nazi regime in Germany. [PAR] The Origins & Aims of the Nazi Party [PAR] On 5th January, 1919, not two months after the conclusion of the Armistice which ended the first World War, and six months before the signing of the Peace Treaties at Versailles, there came into being in Germany a small political party called the German Labour Party. On the 12th September, 1919, Adolf Hitler became a member of this party, and at the first public meeting held in Munich, on 24th February, 1920, he announced the party's programme . That programme, which remained unaltered until the party was dissolved in 1945, consisted of twenty-five points, of which the following five are of particular interest on account of the light they throw on the matters with which the Tribunal is concerned: [PAR] \" Point 1. We demand the unification of all Germans in the Greater Germany, on the basis of the right of a self-determination of peoples. [PAR] Point 2. We demand equality of rights for the German people in respect to the other nations; abrogation of the peace treaties of Versailles and Saint Germain. [PAR] Point 3. We demand land and territory for the sustenance of our people, and the colonisation of our surplus population. [PAR] Point 4. Only a member of the race can be a citizen. A member of the race can only be one who is of German blood, without consideration of creed. Consequently no Jew can be a member of the race.... [PAR] Point 22. We demand abolition of the mercenary troops and formation of a national army.\" [PAR] Of these aims, the one which seems to have been regarded as the most important, and which figured in almost every public speech, was the removal of the \" disgrace \" of the Armistice, and the restrictions of the peace treaties of Versailles and Saint Germain. In a typical speech at Munich on the 13th April, 1923, for example, Hitler said with regard to the Treaty of Versailles: [PAR] \" The treaty was made in order to bring twenty million Germans to their deaths, and to ruin the German nation.... At its foundation our movement formulated three demands. [PAR] \"1. Setting aside of the Peace Treaty. [PAR] 2. Unification of all Germans. [PAR] 3. Land and soil to feed our nation.\" [PAR] The demand for the unification of all Germans in the Greater Germany was to play a large part in the events preceding the seizure of Austria and Czechoslovakia; the abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles was to become a decisive motive in attempting to justify the policy of the German Government; the demand for land was to be the justification for the acquisition of \" living space \" at the expense of other nations; the expulsion of the Jews from membership of the race of German blood was to lead to the atrocities against the Jewish people; and the demand for a national army was to result in measures of rearmament on the largest possible"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Utrecht, Peace of - Infoplease Utrecht, Peace of [PAR] Encyclopedia > History > Modern Europe > Treaties and Alliances [PAR] Utrecht, Peace of [PAR] Utrecht, Peace of, series of treaties that concluded the War of the Spanish Succession . It put an end to French expansion and signaled the rise of the British Empire. By the treaty between England and France (Apr. 11, 1713), Louis XIV recognized the English succession as established in the house of Hanover and confirmed the renunciation of the claims to the French throne of Louis's grandson, Philip V of Spain. The French fortifications of Dunkirk were to be razed and the harbor filled up, and the Hudson Bay territory, Acadia, St. Kitts, and Newfoundland were ceded to England. By a commercial treaty England and France granted each other most-favored-nation treatment. By a treaty with the Netherlands (Apr. 11, 1713) France agreed to surrender to Austria the Spanish Netherlands still in French hands; these were to be held in trust by the Netherlands until the conclusion of a treaty between the Netherlands and the Holy Roman emperor. A commercial treaty between France and the Netherlands was also signed. France furthermore restored Savoy and Nice to Victor Amadeus II , recognizing him as king of Savoy. France also signed a treaty with Portugal and one with Prussia confirming the kingship of the Prussian rulers. The Anglo-Spanish treaty (July 13, 1713) confirmed the clauses of the Anglo-French treaties relating to the English and French successions. Spain ceded Gibraltar and Minorca to Great Britain and ceded Sicily (exchanged in 1720 for Sardinia ) to Savoy. Britain and Spain signed the Asiento, an agreement giving Britain the sole right to the slave trade with Spanish America. The Treaty of Rastatt (Mar. 7, 1714) between Louis XIV and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and the Treaty of Baden (Sept. 7, 1714), which completed the settlement, restored the right bank of the Rhine to the empire and confirmed Austria in possession of the formerly Spanish Netherlands, of Naples, and of Milan. The Third Barrier Treaty (Nov. 15, 1715) regulated trade relations between the Dutch and Austrian Netherlands. [PAR] See J. W. Gerard, The Peace of Utrecht (1885). [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] War of the Spanish Succession | Article about War of the ... War of the Spanish Succession | Article about War of the Spanish Succession by The Free Dictionary [PAR] War of the Spanish Succession | Article about War of the Spanish Succession by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/War+of+the+Spanish+Succession [PAR] Related to War of the Spanish Succession: War of the Austrian Succession , Thirty Years War [PAR] Spanish Succession, War of the, [PAR] 1701\u201314, last of the general European wars caused by the efforts of King Louis XIV Louis XIV, [PAR] 1638\u20131715, king of France (1643\u20131715), son and successor of King Louis XIII. Early Reign [PAR] After his father's death his mother, Anne of Austria, was regent for Louis, but the real power was wielded by Anne's adviser, Cardinal Mazarin. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. to extend French power. The conflict in America corresponding to the period of the War of the Spanish Succession was known as Queen Anne's War (see French and Indian Wars French and Indian Wars, [PAR] 1689\u20131763, the name given by American historians to the North American colonial wars between Great Britain and France in the late 17th and the 18th cent. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ). [PAR] Causes [PAR] The precarious health of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography of King Charles the First - BCW Project Biography of King Charles the First [PAR] \u00bb Biographies \u00bb King Charles I [PAR] King Charles the First, 1600-1649 [PAR] King of England, Scotland and Ireland whose refusal to compromise over complex religious and political situations led to civil war, his own execution and the abolition of the Monarchy. [PAR] The second son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Charles Stuart was born at Fife in Scotland on 19 November 1600. His father succeeded Queen Elizabeth I and came to the throne of England as King James I in 1603. [PAR] Charles was created Duke of Albany at his baptism (December 1600) and Duke of York in 1605. He was placed in the care of Lord and Lady Fyvie until the age of four, then moved to England where he was brought up in the household of Sir Robert and Lady Carey. [PAR] As a child, Charles suffered from weak ankle joints that slowed his physical development. Attempts were made to strengthen his physique by making him wear heavy boots reinforced with iron. Charles was also slow in learning to speak and never completely overcame a slight stammer. His education was overseen by Thomas Murray, a Scottish Presbyterian who later became Provost of Eton. Despite his physical disabilities, Charles was a serious-minded student who excelled at languages, rhetoric and theology. [PAR] Vivat Rex [PAR] Charles was overshadowed by his brilliant elder brother Prince Henry, to whom he was devoted, but Henry died of typhoid when Charles was eleven years old. With Henry's death, Charles became heir to the throne of the Three Kingdoms: England, Scotland and Ireland. [PAR] The death of Prince Henry prompted a succession crisis. King James and Queen Anne were too old to have more children and the sickly Charles was not expected to survive to adulthood. A proposal was made that in the event of Charles' death, the succession would pass to James' daughter Princess Elizabeth and her husband the Elector Palatine Frederick V, which would mean the Wittelsbach dynasty acceding to the throne of the Three Kingdoms. However, by strength of will, Charles worked to overcome his physical weaknesses. He followed a self-imposed regimen of hard physical exercises that led to rapid improvements in his health and physique. Charles became a good horseman, excelling at tournament sports and hunting. He developed sophisticated tastes in the arts and earnestly applied himself to his religious devotions. [PAR] Created Prince of Wales in 1616, Charles was instructed by King James in every aspect of ruling a kingdom. With a profound belief that kings are appointed by God to rule by divine right, Charles succeeded as the second king of the Stuart dynasty in 1625. [PAR] Charles came to the throne amid pressure from English Protestants for intervention against Spain and the Catholic powers in the religious wars raging in Europe (the Thirty Years War, 1618-48). He allowed England's foreign policy to be directed by the unpopular Duke of Buckingham , who masterminded a series of disastrous military expeditions against Spain and France intended indirectly to assist the Palatinate . Charles dissolved his first two parliaments when they tried to impeach Buckingham but he was forced to call a third because he needed funds to pursue his warlike policies. In 1628, Charles' opponents formulated the Petition of Right as a defence against the King's arbitrary use of his powers. Charles grudgingly accepted the Petition in the hope that Parliament would grant him subsidies, but in practice he ignored its provisions. [PAR] Personal Rule [PAR] Emblem"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Washington's Winter of Discontent - US History Washington at Valley Forge [ushistory.org] [PAR] Valley Forge [PAR] Washington's army had spent the summer of 1777 fighting a string of losing battles. The Americans harassed the British army in skirmishes and minor battles for much of the fighting season. In the fall, the Americans showed pluck at the Battle of Brandywine in September and the Battle of Germantown in October. Yet the Americans were unable to keep the British out of Philadelphia. [PAR] In December, Washington marched his tired, beaten, hungry and sick army to Valley Forge, a location about 20 miles northwest of British-occupied Philadelphia. From Valley Forge, Washington could keep an eye on General Howe's British army ensconced in Philadelphia. [PAR] At Valley Forge, there were shortages of everything from food to clothing to medicine. Washington's men were sick from disease, hunger, and exposure. The Continental Army camped in crude log cabins and endured cold conditions while the Redcoats warmed themselves in colonial homes. The patriots went hungry while the British soldiers ate well. [PAR] Terms of enlistment were ending for many soldiers in Washington's army. The General wondered if he would even have an army left when the spring thaw finally arrived. [PAR] Washington under Siege [PAR] Great events generate great legends. Did an Oneida woman named Polly Cooper, really ease the suffering of Washington and his troops at Valley Forge? Historians may never know for sure, but the legend lives on. [PAR] General Washington was upset that local farmers were hoarding much-needed food waiting to earn higher profits in the spring. Some farmers even sneaked grain into Philadelphia to feed the British army, who paid in gold or silver. With each passing night came more desertions. Washington grew privately disgusted at the lack of commitment of his so-called patriot fighters. [PAR] Then there was the grumbling of some in Congress and among some of Washington's own officers. Washington's leadership skills were openly questioned. Many said General Horatio Gates was better-suited to leading the army. After all, hadn't he scored a major victory in October at the battle of Saratoga.? Within the environment of cold, deprivation, and rebellion, how long could Washington and his army endure? [PAR] Conditions at Valley Forge [PAR] Head Quarters, Valley Forge, February 16, 1778 [PAR] Dear Sir: It is with great reluctance, I trouble you on a subject, which does not fall within your province; but it is a subject that occasions me more distress, than I have felt, since the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the most zealous exertions of every person of weight and authority, who is interested in the success of our affairs. I mean the present dreadful situation of the army for want of provisions, and the miserable prospects before us, with respect to futurity. It is more alarming than you will probably conceive, for, to form a just idea, it were necessary to be on the spot. For some days past, there has been little less, than a famine in camp. A part of the army has been a week, without any kind of flesh, and the rest for three or four days. Naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they have not been ere this excited by their sufferings, to a general mutiny or dispersion. Strong symptoms, however, discontent have appeared in particular instances; and nothing but the most acitive efforts every where can long avert so shocking a catastrophe. [PAR] Our present sufferings are not all. There is no"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martin Luther's Hearings Before the Diet at Worms (1521 ... Martin Luther's Hearings Before the Diet at Worms (1521): An Account [PAR] The Trial of Martin Luther: An Account [PAR] (Luther's Hearings Before the Diet at Worms on Charges of Heresy) [PAR] by Douglas O. Linder (2010) [PAR] Historians have described it as the trial that led to the birth of the modern world. Before the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the Diet of Worms in the spring of 1521, as Luther biographer Roland H. Bainton noted, \"the past and the future were met.\" Martin Luther bravely defended his written attacks on orthodox Catholic beliefs and denied the power of Rome to determine what is right and wrong in matters of faith. By holding steadfast to his interpretation of Scripture, Luther provided the impetus for the Reformation, a reform movement that would divide Europe into two regions, one Protestant and one Catholic, and that would set the scene for religious wars that would continue for more than a century, not ending until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. [PAR] Martin Luther's long journey to Worms might be said to have begun in 1505 on a road near his home town of Erfurt in Saxony (now part of Germany), when a bolt of lightening knocked Luther to the ground . Luther took the lightening to be a call from God, and--to the disappointment of his father, who hoped he would become a lawyer--, took vows at an Augustinian monastery to begin a profoundly Christian life. Luther impressed his superiors at the Erfurt monastery. By 1507, he was an ordained priest and had offered his first mass. By 1508, he had earned a degree in Biblical studies from the University of Wittenberg and become an instructor at that Augustinian institution. [PAR] Questioning the Sale of Indulgences [PAR] A trip to Rome in 1510 caused Luther to begin to seriously question certain Catholic practices. The opportunity for the trip arose when Luther was selected as one of two Augustinian brothers to travel to the Eternal City to help resolve a dispute within the order that called for resolution by the pope. What Luther saw in Rome disillusioned him. As he watched incompetent, flippant, and cynical clergy performing their holy duties he began to experience doubts about the Catholic Church. He wrote after his journey that he had \"gone with onions and returned with garlic.\" [PAR] Those early doubts concerning Rome and its ways would blossom over the next several years after Luther earned the prestigious post as Doctor of the Bible at Wittenberg University and undertook a thorough review of the source book of his religion. Luther's study led him to the theology of Paul and his belief in the possibility of forgiveness through faith made possible by the crucifixion of Christ. In Paul's theology, which Luther would largely adopt as his own, there was no need to look to priests for forgiveness because, to those who believed and were contrite, forgiveness was a gift of God. [PAR] Luther's understanding of Paul's theology led him to view skeptically the Catholic Church's reliance on the practice of selling indulgences as its major source of revenue. (An indulgence was a remission of temporal punishment after a confessor revealed sin, expressed contrition, and made the required contribution to the Church.) In sermons in Wittenberg beginning in 1516, Luther argued that forgiveness came from within, and that no one--whether a priest or a pope--was in position to grant forgiveness because no one can look into the soul of another. He also questioned whether"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1969: Bloodless coup in Libya BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1969: Bloodless coup in Libya [PAR] 1969: Bloodless coup in Libya [PAR] King Idris of Libya has been deposed in what appears to have been a bloodless coup. [PAR] A group of military officers have seized power and declared the country a republic. But the king, who is in Turkey, has dismissed the coup as \"unimportant\". [PAR] According to reports from the capital, Tripoli, troops and tanks converged on the city in the early hours of the morning. [PAR] Within two hours they had taken key positions and the royal palace, military and security headquarters were surrounded by 0500. [PAR] All communications with the outside world were cut and a curfew was imposed. [PAR] Britain's good relations [PAR] In Libya the king's heir, Crown Prince Hassan, has announced his support for the new regime, which the military junta has renamed the Libyan Arab Republic. [PAR] News of the coup came as a surprise to the British Government but officials said it would not harm Britain's good relations with Libya. [PAR] Egypt and Iraq have announced recognition of the new regime. [PAR] The Revolutionary Command Council which has now taken over running the country, has issued a statement declaring the aim of the revolution is \"unity, freedom and socialism\". [PAR] However, it also gave a warning that any attempt to overthrow the revolutionaries would be \"crushed ruthlessly and decisively\". [PAR] The coup appears to have been led by an Army officer called Colonel Saad ed-din Bushweir. [PAR] But it is not clear whether he has any political backing. King Idris has conducted recent purges against Palestinians, Jordanians, Lebanese and Syrians. He has also tried to purge the country of Baathists for conspiring against the state. [PAR] Britain is involved in extensive engineering projects in Libya and is also the country's biggest supplier of arms. The United States also has a large airbase in Libya."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which US president ended his country's participation in the Which US president ended his country's participation in the Vietnam War? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which US president ended his country's participation in the Vietnam War? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 08, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which US president ended his country's participation in the Vietnam War? [PAR] WmLittle posted a question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 6:58am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29995166) ]} [PAR] lewismrk557 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 08, 2016 at 6:59am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] president Gerald Ford .... The end of the Vietnam War on April 30, 1975, was a much-anticipated and emotionally fraught event... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(30005967) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] The late 1960s and 1970s were turbulent years both at home and abroad for the United States. Evaluate the failures and successes of the Nixon presidency during [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] mathtutor1983 [PAR] 3 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chapter 3: The American Revolution - First Phase Chapter 3: The American Revolution: The First Phase [PAR] The American Revolution: First Phase [PAR] [PAR] The American Revolution came about, fundamentally, because by 1763 the English-speaking communities on the far side of the Atlantic had matured to an extent that their interests and goals were distinct from those of the ruling classes in the mother country. British statesmen failed to understand or adjust to the situation. Ironically enough, British victory in the Seven Years' War set the stage for the revolt, for it freed the colonists from the need for British protection against a French threat on their frontiers and gave free play to the forces working for separation. [PAR] [PAR] In 1763 the British Government, reasonably from its point of view, moved to tighten the system of imperial control and to force the colonists to contribute to imperial defense, proposing to station 10,000 soldiers along the American frontiers and to have the Americans pay part of the bill. This imperial defense plan touched off the long controversy about Parliament's right to tax that started with the Stamp and Sugar Acts and ended in December 1773, when a group of Bostonians unceremoniously dumped a cargo of British tea into the city harbor in protest against the latest reminder of the British effort to tax. In this 10-year controversy the several British ministries failed to act either firmly enough to enforce British regulations or wisely enough to develop a more viable form of imperial union, which the colonial leaders, at least until 1776, insisted that they sought. In response to the Boston Tea Party, the king and his ministers blindly pushed through Parliament a series of measures collectively known in America as the Intolerable Acts, closing the port of Boston, placing Massachusetts under the military rule of Maj. Gen. Sir Thomas Gage, and otherwise infringing on what the colonists deemed to be their rights and interests. [PAR] [PAR] Since 1763 the colonial leaders, in holding that only their own popular assemblies, not the British Parliament, had a right to levy taxes on Americans, had raised the specter of an arbitrary British Government collecting taxes in America to support red-coated Regulars who might be used not to protect the frontiers but to suppress American liberties. Placing Massachusetts under military rule gave that specter some substance and led directly to armed revolt. [PAR] [PAR] The Outbreak [PAR] [PAR] The First Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia on September 5, 1774, addressed respectful petitions to Parliament and king but also adopted nonimportation and nonexportation agreements in an effort to coerce the British Government into repealing the offending measures. To enforce these agreements, committees were formed in almost every county, town, and city throughout the colonies, and in each colony these committees soon became the effective local authorities, the base of a pyramid of revolutionary organizations with revolutionary assemblies, congresses, or conventions, and committees of safety at the top. This loosely knit combination of de facto governments superseded the constituted authorities and established firm control over the whole country before the British were in any position to oppose them. The de facto governments took over control of the militia, and out of it began to shape forces that, if the necessity arose, might oppose the British in the field. [PAR] [PAR] In Massachusetts, the seat of the crisis, the Provincial Congress, eyeing Gage's force in Boston, directed the officers in each town to enlist a third of their militia in minutemen organizations to be ready to act at a moment's warning, and began to collect"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry I \"Beauclerc\", King of England - geni family tree Henry (1068 - 1135) - Genealogy [PAR] Genealogy [PAR] Join the world's largest family tree [PAR] Gender [PAR] Henry I \"Beauclerc\", King of England [PAR] London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom [PAR] Henry I \"Beauclerc\", King of England's Geni Profile [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] French: Henri, Danish: Henrik, Latin: Henricus, German: Heinrich, Spanish: Enrique, Portuguese: Henrique, Dutch: Hendrik [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Selby, North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom [PAR] Death: [PAR] in Saint-Denis-le-Ferment, Department de Eure, Haute Normandie, France [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] Brother of Robert II \"Curthose\", duke of Normandy ; Adelizia de Normandie, Princess of England ; Cecilia, Abbess of Holy Trinity ; Richard ; Agatha de Normandie, Princess of England and 5 others ; Anna de Normandie, Princess of England ; Constance, Duchess Consort of Brittany ; Adela, countess of Blois ; Matilda and William II \"Rufus\", King of England \u00ab less [PAR] Occupation: [PAR] King of England, Roi d'Angleterre de 1100 \u00e0 1135-Duc de Normandie, King of the English Duke of Normandy, Duke of the Normans, Kung av England och Hertig av Normandie, Duke of Normandy King of England, King, kung, KING OF ENGLAND, 1100-1135, King Henry I [PAR] Managed by: [PAR] http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00000238&tree=LEO [PAR] Called \"Beauclerc because of his study habits (Beauclerc meaning well-learnt, scholarly, erudite) [PAR] Il est aussi connu sous le nom de Henri Ier de Normandie, roi d'Angleterre et Henri Ier, roi d' Angleterre dit le Beau Clerc. En 1106, il est connu sous le nom de Henri Ier, duc de Normandie dit Beauclerc. [PAR] Henry I 'Beauclerc', King of England gained the title of [PAR] Lord of Domfront in 1092 [PAR] Comte de Coutances in 1096 [PAR] Comte de Bayeux in 1096 [PAR] King Henry I of England on 2 August 1100. [PAR] He was crowned King of England on 5 August 1100 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, [PAR] Married First: Eadgyth renamed on marriage Mathilda of Scotland [PAR] He had 2 wives, Eadgyth of Scotland who changed her name to Matilda mother of Euphemia (unconfirmed), Matilda & William and Adelisa de Louvain who married William d'Aubigny on Henry's death [PAR] He also had many mistresses (or concubines) as follows: [PAR] 1 Unknown woman from Caen mother of Robert de Caen aka Robert FitzRoy, Earl of Gloucester [PAR] 2 Edith Unknown mother of Mathilde w/o Routrou de Perche [PAR] 3 Ansfride widow of Anskill mother of Richard, Juliane & Foulques [PAR] 4 Unknown mother of Sybil Queen of Scotland & William [PAR] 5 Sibyl Corbet married Herbert FitzHerbert mother of Renaud de Dunstanville, William, & Gundred, Rohese [PAR] 6 Edith FitzForne d/o Forn Sigurdson Lord of Greystoke, Cumberland married Robert De Oilly of Hook Norton mother of Robert FitzEdith [PAR] 7 - 12 All Unknown. Mothers to: [PAR] * Maud (m. Conan III Duke of Brittany), *Alix (m. MATHIEU [I] de Montmorency) [PAR] *Constance (Mathilde) (m ROSCELIN Vicomte de Beaumont) *Mathilde abbess of Montvilliers *Gilbert *William de Tracy [PAR] 13 Nest of South Wales wife of Gerald FitzWalter of Windsor d/o Rhys apTewdwr Prince of South Wales and Gwladus mother of Henry [PAR] 14 Unknown mother of unknown daughter (m GUILLAUME [III] Go\u00c3\u00abt de Montmirail) [PAR] 15 Isabelle de Beaumont d/o Robert de Beaumont Comte de Meulan, Earl of Leicester and Isabelle de Vermandois and wife of Gilbert FitzGilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke mother of Isabel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Shiloh Video - American Civil War History ... Battle of Shiloh Video - American Civil War History - HISTORY.com [PAR] American Civil War History [PAR] American Civil War History Videos [PAR] Battle of Shiloh [PAR] At Shiloh, Tennessee in April of 1862, a Confederate surprise attack backfires when the Union holds firm at the \"Hornet's Nest.\" [PAR] Battle of Shiloh [PAR] (3 min) [PAR] tv-pg [PAR] At Shiloh, Tennessee in April of 1862, a Confederate surprise attack backfires when the Union holds firm at the \"Hornet's Nest.\" [PAR] Videos [PAR] \u00a9 2017, A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved. [PAR] We know you love history. Sign up for more! [PAR] Get the Inside HISTORY newsletter for in-depth historical articles and videos. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address [PAR] By submitting your information, you agree to receive emails from HISTORY and A+E Networks. You can opt out at any time. [PAR] More details: [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] You're almost done! [PAR] You will soon receive an activation email. Once you click on the link, you will be added to our list. If you do not receive this email, please contact us . To ensure delivery to your inbox, add us to your address book . [PAR] Oops, there's a problem. [PAR] This email address has previously opted out from receiving any emails from HISTORY and/or A+E Networks. If you changed your mind, please contact us . [PAR] You have already subscribed to this list. [PAR] If you completed your subscription and still have not received an email, please contact us . [PAR] Oops, there's a problem."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The League of Nations, 1920 - history.state.gov Milestones: 1914\u20131920 - Office of the Historian [PAR] Milestones: 1914\u20131920 [PAR] The League of Nations, 1920 [PAR] The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. Though first proposed by President Woodrow Wilson as part of his Fourteen Points plan for an equitable peace in Europe, the United States never became a member. [PAR] Cartoon critizing U.S. lack of participation in the League of Nations [PAR] Speaking before the U.S. Congress on January 8, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson enumerated the last of his Fourteen Points , which called for a \u201cgeneral association of nations\u2026formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.\u201d Many of Wilson\u2019s previous points would require regulation or enforcement. In calling for the formation of a \"general association of nations,\" Wilson voiced the wartime opinions of many diplomats and intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic who believed there was a need for a new type of standing international organization dedicated to fostering international cooperation, providing security for its members, and ensuring a lasting peace. With Europe\u2019s population exhausted by four years of total war, and with many in the United States optimistic that a new organization would be able to solve the international disputes that had led to war in 1914, Wilson\u2019s articulation of a League of Nations was wildly popular. However, it proved exceptionally difficult to create, and Wilson left office never having convinced the United States to join it. [PAR] David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom [PAR] The idea of the League was grounded in the broad, international revulsion against the unprecedented destruction of the First World War and the contemporary understanding of its origins. This was reflected in all of Wilson\u2019s Fourteen Points, which were themselves based on theories of collective security and international organization debated amongst academics, jurists, socialists and utopians before and during the war. After adopting many of these ideas, Wilson took up the cause with evangelical fervor, whipping up mass enthusiasm for the organization as he traveled to the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919, the first President to travel abroad in an official capacity. [PAR] Wilson used his tremendous influence to attach the Covenant of the League, its charter, to the Treaty of Versailles . An effective League, he believed, would mitigate any inequities in the peace terms. He and the other members of the \u201cBig Three,\u201d Georges Clemenceau of France and David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, drafted the Covenant as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles. The League\u2019s main organs were an Assembly of all members, a Council made up of five permanent members and four rotating members, and an International Court of Justice. Most important for Wilson, the League would guarantee the territorial integrity and political independence of member states, authorize the League to take \u201cany action\u2026to safeguard the peace,\u201d establish procedures for arbitration, and create the mechanisms for economic and military sanctions. [PAR] Georges Clemenceau of France [PAR] The struggle to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant in the U.S. Congress helped define the most important political division over the role of the United States in the world for a generation. A triumphant Wilson returned to the United States in February 1919 to submit the Treaty and Covenant to Congress for its consent and ratification. Unfortunately for the President, while popular support for the League was still strong, opposition"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why did the Korean War break out in 1950? Why did the Korean War break out in 1950 [PAR] Why did the Korean War break out in 1950? [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Summary [PAR] The Korean War was an episode in the Cold War. It seemed to be a war between South and North Korea, but America and Russia were using it to fight without having a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdhot war\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] The USA went to war in Korea for three reasons. The first reason was the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDomino theory\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd China turned Communist in 1949 and Truman feared that the next \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddomino\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd would be Japan. The second was to undermine Communism and protect the American way of life \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in 1950 the American National Security Council recommended that America start 'rolling back' Communism. Thirdly, Truman realised the USA was in a competition for world domination with the USSR. [PAR] Russia went to war because Stalin wanted Communism to grow. In 1949, Kim Il Sung persuaded Stalin and Mao Tse Tung to support an invasion of South Korea. [PAR] In 1950, Syngman Rhee threatened to attack North Korea. It was an excuse \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd the trigger for war: the NKPA invaded South Korea [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The underlying reason that the Korean War broke out was because it was just another episode in the ongoing Cold War between the USA and the USSR. On the surface, the Korean War seemed to be a war between South Korea and North Korea, but really the superpowers were just using it as a front to combat each other without actually going into a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdhot war\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd which \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd as both had the atomic bomb \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd would have been MAD (mutually assured destruction). [PAR] [PAR] The USA went to war in Korea for three reasons. [PAR] The first reason was the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDomino theory\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Salami tactics in eastern Europe was not the only place where Communists were coming to power. In the Far East, too, they were getting powerful \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd China turned Communist in 1949. Truman believed that, if one country fell to Communism, then others would follow, like a line of dominoes. He was worried that, if Korea fell, the next \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddomino\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd would be Japan, which was very important for American trade. This was probably the most important reason for America\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds involvement in the war. [PAR] The second reason was just to try to undermine Communism. President Truman believed that capitalism, freedom and the American way of life were in danger of being overrun by Communism. The Truman Doctrine had been one of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcontainment\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd stopping the Communists gaining any more territory. In April 1950 the American National Security Council issued a report (NSC 68) recommending that America abandon 'containment' and start 'rolling back' Communism. This led Truman to consider driving the Communists out of North Korea. [PAR] Finally, Truman realised the USA was in a competition for world domination with the USSR. By supporting South Korea, America was able to fight Communism without directly attacking Russia. [PAR] [PAR] The USSR, also, went to war because of the Cold War. Stalin wanted to see Communism expand as long as he did not get involved in a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdhot war\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd with America. In 1949, Kim II Sung visited Stalin. He persuaded Stalin that he could conquer South Korea. Stalin did not think that America would get involved, so he gave his agreement. Kim II Sung also went to see Mao Tse Tung, the leader of China, to get his support. [PAR] [PAR] The trigger for the war was when, in 1950, Syngman Rhee boasted that he was going to attack"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Palais de l\u2019Elysee Presidential Elysee Palace In Paris France Palais de l\u2019Elysee Presidential Elysee Palace In Paris France [PAR] Contact us [PAR] This wealthy banker wanted the Hotel d\u2019Evreux to house his collection of paintings and he hired the architect Etienne-Louis Boullee to make many different alterations to the building and transform the gardens, but it was then purchased by the Duchess of Bourbon in 1787 who then named it the Elysee. [PAR] The next stage of the Palais de l\u2019Elysee Palace [PAR] During the French Revolution, the Elysee Palace was confiscated and then leased out, but in 1803 was sold to Joachim Murat who was Marshal of France and future King of Naples, then in 1808 it was purchased by Napoleon Bonaparte I . [PAR] However, a few years later it was then returned back to the Duchess of Bourbon, who then subsequently sold the Palais Elysee to King Louis XVIII in 1816 and from then was starting to be used a guest residence for important foreign visitors. [PAR] Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, who was the ruler of the Second Empire and of the French Republic resided at this palace in Paris and made some renovations, and then Marshal Macmahon, who was the President of the Third Republic of France then made the Palais de l\u2019Elysee the official residence of the president in the 1870s. [PAR] The Palais Elysee Official Residence of the French Presidents [PAR] From this era of the Third Republic, the Palais Elysees became the official residence of the Presidents of France, such as President Raymond Poincare, President Paul Deschanel, etc, but was completely deserted during World War II. [PAR] It was then reoccupied by the President of the provisional government, Vincent Auriol of the fourth French Republic in 1946 and then by Rene Coty who resigned to General Charles de Gaulle , who became the first President of the Fifth Republic. [PAR] However, according to many reports, Charles de Gaulle did not like the idea that foreign state officials used to stay at the Palais Elysees because it was a bit too personal, and therefore the state purchased the Hotel de Marigny as the guest residence for kings and other state officials that were visiting Paris . [PAR] And yet again, according to many sources, the President Francois Mitterrand preferred to stay at his own private residence rather than the official Palais de l\u2019Elysee, but President Jacques Chirac did reside here with his wife throughout his term in office and there was always an official Bastille Day party held within the grounds of this palace in Paris. [PAR] But when the President Nicolas Sarkozy took over, he put a stop to these festivities as a symbol of the economic crisis that France was going through, in order to reduce the financial burden, yet the palace would still the official home of the president of France. [PAR] About The Palais de l\u2019Elysee Palace in Paris Today [PAR] As you can no doubt imagine, this is a heavily guarded mansion house and palace in Paris that has the same role since the 1800s, as the official residence of the President of France and therefore is a place not normally open to the public. [PAR] However, if you are lucky enough to step inside and experience this wonderful mansion, you will find that there is a vast amount of different styles, where former residents have left their mark on designs, decor and their own personal tastes. [PAR] To give you an idea, there is a very exquisite and lavish ballroom that is used for official ceremonies, which dates"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hitler's political ideas - The Holocaust Explained Website Hitler's political ideas - The Holocaust Explained Website [PAR] Think! [PAR] Now you have read the section on antisemitism, reflect: [PAR] Why do you think Hitler and others might have thought that the Jews were conspiring to rule the world for themselves? [PAR] Why might Hitler have linked communism and Jews? [PAR] Why did the Nazis want to rid Germany of mentally and physically disabled people? [PAR] Want to know more? [PAR] If you would like to know more about this subject you can find out more on the KS3 version of the site. [PAR] Click here to visit the KS3 antisemitism pages. [PAR] Mein Kampf [PAR] While in prison, Hitler wrote his book Mein Kampf, in which he set out his political ideas and developed his antisemitic ideas. [PAR] Mein Kampf did not contain any new ideas. Many people in the 19th and 20th centuries had believed that races were not equal, and that some people were stronger or better than others. [PAR] Hitler took on these ideas, and stated that Germans were part of a race called \u2018Aryans\u2019 who were superior to all others and would one day rule the world. Aryans were said to have blonde hair and blue eyes and be of North European descent. [PAR] In Hitler\u2019s view, Jews were a separate race and could not be German. He believed the Jews conspired against Aryans to rule the world for themselves. [PAR] Hitler also believed that communism was a huge threat to Germany and should be destroyed. He thought that communism was a Jewish invention and that was another reason why he hated the Jews. [PAR] Hitler also wanted to rid Germany of the mentally and physically disabled, because they were seen as imperfect and also a drain on the resources of the \u2018master race\u2019. [PAR] This month in history[DOC] [TLE] Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1926 - History Department Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1926 [PAR] Mein Kampf [PAR] (1926) [PAR] In 1923 Adolf Hitler was arrested for attempting to overthrow the government in Munich. His National Socialist German Workers' Party (the Nazi party) was still relatively small, and he used his trial to attract national attention. In due course he was convicted and sentenced to prison; while there he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle), outlining his political ideas. Mein Kampf was not taken seriously at first, but it includes many of the ideas the Nazis put in practice in the 1930s and 1940s. -smv [PAR] Volume One, Chapter Six: [PAR] \"War Propaganda\" [PAR] {1}The function of propaganda does not lie in the scientific training of the individual, but in calling the masses' attention to certain facts, processes, necessities, etc., whose significance is thus for the first time placed within their field of vision. [PAR] {2}The whole art consists in doing this so skillfully that everyone will be convinced that the fact is real, the process necessary, the necessity correct, etc. But since propaganda is not and cannot be the necessity in itself, since its function. . . consists in attracting the attention of the crowd, and not in educating those who are already educated or who are striving after education and knowledge, its effect for the most part must be aimed at the emotions and only to a very limited degree at the so-called intellect. . . . [PAR] {3}The art of propaganda lies in understanding the emotional ideas of the great masses and finding, through a psychologically correct form, the way to the attention and thence to the heart of the broad masses. The fact that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Reagan | whitehouse.gov Ronald Reagan | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Ronald Reagan, originally an American actor and politician, became the 40th President of the United States serving from 1981 to 1989. His term saw a restoration of prosperity at home, with the goal of achieving \"peace through strength\" abroad. [PAR] At the end of his two terms in office, Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution, which aimed to reinvigorate the American people and reduce their reliance upon Government. He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore \"the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism.\" [PAR] On February 6, 1911, Ronald Wilson Reagan was born to Nelle and John Reagan in Tampico, Illinois. He attended high school in nearby Dixon and then worked his way through Eureka College. There, he studied economics and sociology, played on the football team, and acted in school plays. Upon graduation, he became a radio sports announcer. A screen test in 1937 won him a contract in Hollywood. During the next two decades he appeared in 53 films. [PAR] From his first marriage to actress Jane Wyman, he had two children, Maureen and Michael. Maureen passed away in 2001. In 1952 he married Nancy Davis, who was also an actress, and they had two children, Patricia Ann and Ronald Prescott. [PAR] As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan became embroiled in disputes over the issue of Communism in the film industry; his political views shifted from liberal to conservative. He toured the country as a television host, becoming a spokesman for conservatism. In 1966 he was elected Governor of California by a margin of a million votes; he was re-elected in 1970. [PAR] Ronald Reagan won the Republican Presidential nomination in 1980 and chose as his running mate former Texas Congressman and United Nations Ambassador George Bush. Voters troubled by inflation and by the year-long confinement of Americans in Iran swept the Republican ticket into office. Reagan won 489 electoral votes to 49 for President Jimmy Carter. [PAR] On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be assassin, but quickly recovered and returned to duty. His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar. [PAR] Dealing skillfully with Congress, Reagan obtained legislation to stimulate economic growth, curb inflation, increase employment, and strengthen national defense. He embarked upon a course of cutting taxes and Government expenditures, refusing to deviate from it when the strengthening of defense forces led to a large deficit. [PAR] A renewal of national self-confidence by 1984 helped Reagan and Bush win a second term with an unprecedented number of electoral votes. Their victory turned away Democratic challengers Walter F. Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro. [PAR] In 1986 Reagan obtained an overhaul of the income tax code, which eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. At the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without recession or depression. [PAR] In foreign policy, Reagan sought to achieve \"peace through strength.\" During his two terms he increased defense spending 35 percent, but sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union. In dramatic meetings with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, he negotiated a treaty that would eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles. Reagan declared war against international terrorism, sending American bombers against Libya after evidence came out that Libya was involved in an attack on American soldiers in a West Berlin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - British History in depth: Irish Home Rule ... BBC - History - British History in depth: Irish Home Rule: An imagined future [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Self-government [PAR] The casual observer could be forgiven for thinking that the picture entitled \u2018King George and Queen Mary Opening the New Irish Parliament\u2019 was a faithful representation of actual events. [PAR] But, in fact, the occasion never happened. The image was instead one of a number of propaganda postcards produced in the years before World War One in which various artists tried to imagine what Ireland would be like under Home Rule. [PAR] Yet even though Home Rule was never achieved, this image is much more than just a historical curiosity. [PAR] Pictures like this help us to make the imaginative leap back to a time in Ireland\u2019s history when the establishment of a Home Rule parliament in Dublin was to the majority of Irish people a real and immediate prospect. [PAR] As one English journalist visiting Ireland in 1893 (the year of the second Home Rule Bill) recorded: 'self-government was the only topic of conversation in hotels, railway carriages, tramcars, and on the steps of the temples, at the corners of the streets, in the music halls.' [PAR] Charles Stewart Parnell \u00a9 Between 1801 and 1922 Ireland formed a constituent part of the United Kingdom. [PAR] At various intervals during this time, attempts were made to destabilise Anglo-Irish relations. [PAR] Rebellions were launched in 1803, 1848, 1867, and 1916 to try and end British rule over Ireland. [PAR] Daniel O\u2019Connell in the 1830-1840s campaigned to repeal the Act of Union. But from the 1870s onwards Irish Nationalists (under Isaac Butt) favoured Home Rule. [PAR] It was not until 1886, however, that the first attempt to legislate Home Rule was made. [PAR] Nineteen years were to pass before another Home Rule Bill was introduced. [PAR] The Liberal government, led by WE Gladstone and supported by the Irish Parliamentary Party under Charles Stewart Parnell, introduced a Home Rule bill in the House of Commons. British and Irish Unionists (so-called because they defended the union of 1801) defeated it. [PAR] By the time another bill was introduced in 1893, Parnell was dead (having earlier been deposed following a messy divorce scandal) and his followers were acrimoniously divided. [PAR] Gladstone\u2019s second attempt was passed by the House of Commons, but was rejected by the House of Lords. [PAR] Nineteen years were to pass before another Home Rule Bill was introduced in 1912. [PAR] The Home Rule Bill [PAR] This bill proposed the creation of a bi-cameral legislative assembly subordinate to the imperial parliament in London. [PAR] It had carefully circumscribed powers over domestic issues and numerous constitutional safeguards to protect Protestants. [PAR] But while the debate at Westminster focused on Home Rule finance and the protection of minorities, the discussion on the streets of Dublin, Belfast, Cork and elsewhere reflected more personal hopes, fears, and aspirations for the future. [PAR] Nationalist politicians described Home Rule as the 'promised land'. The cause of Irish self-government was certainly interwoven with centuries-old memories of Catholic dispossession and Protestant ascendancy on the one hand and popish plots and moonlit intimidation on the other. [PAR] Sectarian riots raged after a Catholic allegedly told a Protestant that none of \"his sort\" would find a job under Home Rule. [PAR] Accordingly, expectations that a Dublin parliament would right old wrongs or settle old scores flourished. [PAR] In 1886, for instance, sectarian riots in Belfast raged for several months after a Catholic docker allegedly told a Protestant"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Office and Role of Speaker - UK Parliament Office and Role of Speaker - UK Parliament [PAR] Office and Role of Speaker [PAR] History of the Speakership [PAR] Office and Role of Speaker [PAR] The Speaker of the House of Commons chairs debates in the Commons chamber. The holder of this office is an MP who has been elected to be Speaker by other Members of Parliament. During debates they keep order and call MPs to speak. [PAR] The Speaker is the chief officer and highest authority of the House of Commons and must remain politically impartial at all times. [PAR] The Speaker also represents the Commons to the monarch, the Lords and other authorities and chairs the House of Commons Commission. The current Speaker is John Bercow, MP for Buckingham. [PAR] Chairing debates in the House of Commons [PAR] The Speaker is perhaps best known as the person who keeps order and calls MPs to speak during Commons debates. The Speaker calls MPs in turn to give their opinion on an issue. MPs signal that they want to speak by standing up from their seat (a custom known as 'catching the Speaker's eye') or they can notify the Speaker in advance by writing. [PAR] The Speaker has full authority to make sure MPs follow the rules of the House during debates. This can include: [PAR] directing an MP to withdraw remarks if, for example, they use abusive language [PAR] suspending the sitting of the House due to serious disorder [PAR] suspending MPs who are deliberately disobedient - known as naming [PAR] asking MPs to be quiet so Members can be heard [PAR] Election of the Speaker [PAR] John Bercow was elected House of Commons Speaker on 22 June 2009 . [PAR] The Speaker was elected using an exhaustive secret ballot system, the first time this procedure had been used for the election of a Speaker. [PAR] Election process [PAR] MPs are given a list of candidates and place an x next to the candidate of their choice [PAR] if a candidate receives more than 50 per cent of the votes, the question is put to the House that he or she takes the chair as Speaker [PAR] if no candidate does so, the candidate with the fewest votes, and those with less than five per cent of the vote, are eliminated [PAR] in addition, any candidate may withdraw within 10 minutes of the announcement of the result of a ballot [PAR] MPs then vote again on the reduced slate of candidates and continue doing so until one candidate receives more than half the votes [PAR] Politically impartial [PAR] Speakers must be politically impartial. Therefore, on election the new Speaker must resign from their political party and remain separate from political issues even in retirement. However, the Speaker will deal with their constituents' problems like a normal MP. [PAR] Speakers and general elections [PAR] Speakers still stand in general elections. They are generally unopposed by the major political parties, who will not field a candidate in the Speaker's constituency - this includes the original party they were a member of. During a general election, Speakers do not campaign on any political issues but simply stand as 'the Speaker seeking re-election'."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] House of Commons | British government | Britannica.com House of Commons | British government | Britannica.com [PAR] British government [PAR] Diane Abbott [PAR] House of Commons, also called Commons, popularly elected legislative body of the bicameral British Parliament . Although it is technically the lower house, the House of Commons is predominant over the House of Lords , and the name \u201cParliament\u201d is often used to refer to the House of Commons alone. [PAR] Learn about the evolution of the House of Commons, the role of its members, and how those members \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 UK Parliament Education Service (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Chamber of the House of Commons in the Houses of Parliament, London. [PAR] Rolf Richardson\u2014Spectrum Colour Library/Heritage-Images [PAR] History [PAR] The origins of the House of Commons date from the second half of the 13th century, when landholders and other property owners in the counties and towns began sending representatives to Parliament to present grievances and petitions to the king and to accept commitments to the payment of taxes. In the 14th century the knights and burgesses chosen as representatives (i.e., the commons) began sitting in a separate chamber, or \u201chouse,\u201d from that used by the nobles and high clergy (i.e., the lords). [PAR] Night view of the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, London. [PAR] \u00a9 Thinkstock Images/Jupiterimages [PAR] The House of Lords was initially the more powerful of the two houses, but over the centuries its powers gradually diminished. By the late 17th century, the House of Commons had gained the sole right to initiate taxation measures. The House of Lords retained its veto power over bills passed by the Commons, however, and in 1832 the only recourse of the Liberal Party government was to threaten to flood the House of Lords with new Liberal peers in order to prevent it from rejecting that government\u2019s Reform Bill . Eighty years later the same threat was used, again by a Liberal government, to compel the Lords to approve the Parliament Act of 1911 , which enabled a majority of the House of Commons to override the Lords\u2019 rejection of a bill. Under this act, the House of Lords lost the power to delay legislation passed by the Commons for the raising and spending of revenue; it also lost the power to delay other legislation for a period beyond two years (reduced in 1949 to one year). The act also reduced the maximum duration of a parliamentary session to five years. [PAR] Historical consideration of London\u2019s Houses of Parliament. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] National Convention [PAR] The membership of the House of Commons stood at 658 from 1801\u2014when Great Britain and Ireland were united by the Act of Union to form the United Kingdom\u2014until 1885, when it was increased to 670. In 1918 it was increased to 707. It was also changed under subsequent acts. At the general election in May 2010, 650 members were returned\u2014533 from England, 59 from Scotland, 40 from Wales, and 18 from Northern Ireland . Each constituency returns a single member. [PAR] William Pitt the Younger addressing the House of Commons, 1793. [PAR] \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages [PAR] Despite its large membership, the chamber of the House of Commons seats only 427 persons. After it was destroyed by a German bomb during World War II , there was considerable discussion about enlarging the chamber and replacing its traditional rectangular structure with a semicircular design. Among those who argued against this proposal was Winston Churchill , who maintained that a semicircular chamber [PAR] appeals to political theorists, enables every individual or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION VOTING SYSTEMS Proportional Representation Systems [PAR] [PAR] Party List Voting [PAR] Party list voting systems are by far the most common form of proportional representation. Over 80% of the PR systems used worldwide are some form of party list voting. It remains the system used in most European democracies and in many newly democratized countries, including South Africa. [PAR] How It Works. [PAR] Legislators are elected in large, multi-member districts. Each party puts up a list or slate of candidates equal to the number of seats in the district. Independent candidates may also run, and they are listed separately on the ballot as if they were their own party (see below). On the ballot, voters indicate their preference for a particular party and the parties then receive seats in proportion to their share of the vote. So in a five-member district, if the Democrats win 40% of the vote, they would win two of the five seats. The two winning Democratic candidates would be chosen according to their position on the list. [PAR] There are two broad types of list systems: closed list and open list. In a closed list system--the original form of party list voting--the party fixes the order in which the candidates are listed and elected, and the voter simply casts a vote for the party as a whole. This is shown in the first ballot below, which illustrates an election for the House of Representatives in a five-seat district. Voters are not able to indicate their preference for any candidates on the list, but must accept the list in the order presented by the party. Winning candidates are selected in the exact order they appear on the original list. So in the example here, if the Democrats won two seats, the first two candidates on the pre-ordered list--Foster and Rosen-Amy--would be elected. [PAR] Closed Party List Ballot [PAR] Most European democracies now use the open list form of party list voting. This approach allows voters to express a preference for particular candidates, not just parties. It is designed to give voters some say over the order of the list and thus which candidates get elected. One version of this is illustrated in the ballot below. Voters are presented with unordered or random lists of candidates chosen in party primaries. Voters cannot vote for a party directly, but must cast a vote for an individual candidate. This vote counts for the specific candidate as well as for the party. So the order of the final list completely depends on the number of votes won by each candidate on the list. The most popular candidates rise to the top of the list and have a better chance of being elected. In our example, if the Democrats won 2 seats, and Volz and Gentzler received the highest and next highest number of individual votes, they would rise to the top of the list and be elected. This example is similar to the system used in Finland and widely considered to be the most open version of list voting. [PAR] Open Party List Ballot [PAR] A variety of different formulas exist for accomplishing the actual allocation of seats to the parties. One of the simplest seat allocation formulas is the called the \"largest remainder formula.\" In this approach, the first step is to calculate a quota, which is determined by taking the total number of valid votes in the district and dividing this by the number of seats. In the example in the table below, 100,000 votes were cast and ten seats are to be filled."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Bush - President of the United States (POTUS) George Bush - President of the United States (POTUS) [PAR] George Bush [PAR] Vice President: J. Danforth Quayle (1989-93) [PAR] Cabinet: [PAR] Secretary of Housing and Urban Development [PAR] Jack Kemp (1989-93) [PAR] George Bush -- from Table of Presidents and Vice Presidents of the United States - MSN Encarta [PAR] Grolier Online has created this resource from its collection of print articles in Encyclopedia Americana. Contains a full biography, written by Donald Young, author of American Roulette: The History and Dilemma of the Vice Presidency, along with suggestions for further reading. [PAR] George Bush -- from The American President [PAR] From the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, in addition to information on the Presidents themselves, they have first lady and cabinet member biographies, listings of presidential staff and advisers, and timelines detailing significant events in the lives of each administration."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1973: Britain joins the EEC BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1973: Britain joins the EEC [PAR] 1973: Britain joins the EEC [PAR] The United Kingdom has become a fully-fledged member of the European Economic Community. [PAR] Ireland and Denmark also joined Britain in becoming the newest members of the community, bringing the total number of member states to nine. [PAR] At midnight last night a Union Jack flag was raised at the EEC's headquarters in Brussels to mark the occasion. [PAR] Celebrations were held in the city and one of Britain's new European Commissioners, George Thomson, joined revellers in a torch lit procession. [PAR] Prime Minister Edward Heath is optimistic that Britain's membership of the community will bring prosperity to the country. [PAR] He said: \"It is going to be a gradual development and obviously things are not going to happen overnight. [PAR] \"But from the point of view of our everyday lives we will find there is a great cross-fertilisation of knowledge and information, not only in business but in every other sphere. [PAR] \"And this will enable us to be more efficient and more competitive in gaining more markets not only in Europe but in the rest of the world.\" [PAR] More than 1,000 Britons will relocate to Brussels over the coming months to take up their places as civil servants of the community. [PAR] Britain will be given four votes within the council, which proposes policies on issues ranging from the environment to public health. [PAR] Membership applications by the UK to join the EEC were refused in 1963 and 1967 because the French President of the time Charles de Gaulle doubted the UK's political will. [PAR] It is understood, however, his real fear was that English would suddenly become the common language of the community.[DOC] [TLE] A History of the European Union and Great Britain ... A History of the European Union and Great Britain - History Learning Site [PAR] Home \u00bb British Politics \u00bb A History of the European Union and Great Britain [PAR] A History of the European Union and Great Britain [PAR] Citation: C N Trueman \"A History of the European Union and Great Britain\" [PAR] historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 27 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. [PAR] [PAR] The Treaty of Rome was signed by 6 European states [PAR] 1967 [PAR] The European Community was established [PAR] 1973 [PAR] Britain joined the European Community. Tory Prime Minister Edward Heath took Britain in. [PAR] 1975 [PAR] Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson had a referendum on Britain\u2019s membership \u2013 the last national referendum this country has had. 66% voted yes \u2013 to stay in the European Community [PAR] 1987 [PAR] The Single European Act was signed. This was to create an internal market; \u201can area without frontiers in which the free movement of goods and persons, services and capital is ensured.\u201d [PAR] 1991 [PAR] The Maastrict Treaty was signed. The heart of this was to create a single European currency so that Europe as an entity had a currency to challenge the international supremacy of the dollar. Britain, lead by Tory Prime Minister John Major, pushed for and got an \u201copt out\u201d clause for Britain. This meant that we were part of the European Community and wanted to be a part of it, but not to participate in a single currency, therefore, maintaining the pound should we decide to do so. [PAR] 1993 [PAR] The European Union was formed [PAR] 2002 [PAR] The Euro was introduced on January 1st. Britain has it Five"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yeoman Revolt - BBC site on the consequences ... - bbc.co.uk BBC - History - British History in depth: Black Death: Political and Social Changes [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Social change [PAR] Life in Britain in the fourteenth century was 'nasty, brutish and short', and it had been that way for the peasantry since long before the Black Death. Britain in the early fourteenth century was horrendously overpopulated. This was very good for the land-owning classes, since it meant that they had a vast reserve of inexpensive manpower upon which they could draw. In fact, there was such a surplus on manpower, that most landlords found it convenient to relax the old feudal labour dues owed to them on the grounds that men could always be found to perform them. [PAR] Life in Britain in the Fourteenth Century was 'nasty, brutish and short.' [PAR] This changed after 1348. [PAR] We can see in the example of Farnham the immediate consequence of the plague: a slash in the cost of livestock and inflation in the cost of labour. This pattern was repeated up and down the country. The immediate reaction of the elite was to legislate against this. The Ordinance of Labourers was published on 18th June 1349, limiting the freedom of peasants to move around in search of the most lucrative work. This was promulgated through Parliament as the Statute of Labourers in 1351: [PAR] It was lately ordained by our lord king, with the assent of the prelates, nobles and others of his council against the malice of employees, who were idle and were not willing to take employment after the pestilence unless for outrageous wages, that such employees, both men and women, should be obliged to take employment for the salary and wages accustomed to be paid in the place where they were working in the 20th year of the king's reign [1346], or five or six years earlier; and that if the same employees refused to accept employment in such a manner they should be punished by imprisonment, as is more clearly contained in the said ordinance. [PAR] Statute of Labourers, 1351. [PAR] Top [PAR] Age of the yeomen? [PAR] Up and coming yeomen \u00a9 It failed. Skilled manpower was so short that no landlord could afford to ignore the strictures of the market. In Farnham, a carpenter who had been paid 3d. in 1346 was being paid 5d. by 1367, his mate had shot up from 1\u00bdd. to 4d., and most other workmen had added at least a penny to their wages. [PAR] In fact, to those with the opportunity and ability to seize it, the Black Death presented a golden opportunity for advancement. John Ronewyk might have had to force several of his tenants to take over neighbouring land, but others like Robert Heningt were only too willing to step into dead men's shoes. Ronewyk himself took over the 5 acres of his neighbour, Richard atte fforde of Runwick, for the knock-down bargain price of 18d. Other peasants, like Walter Dolle and his fellow survivor at archbishop Edendon's manor of Upton, were able to renegotiate favourable labour dues. [PAR] The yeomen and the gentry were the movers and shakers of their locality. [PAR] With the de facto (if not de jure) freedom to move around and sell their labour, and the horrendously deflated prices of goods and land, those with the enterprise to do so were able to lift themselves out of the bonds of villeinage and make something of themselves. It is at this point that we see the emergence of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pol Pot - Leader of the Khmer Rouge - About.com Education Pol Pot - Leader of the Khmer Rouge [PAR] Pol Pot [PAR] Pol Pot [PAR] Leader of the Khmer Rouge [PAR] An interview with former Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot in the rebels' Cambodian stronghold of Anlgong Veng. Asked about his role in the killing of as many as two million Cambodians, Pol Pot said he did not wish to discuss the matter. (Jan. 8, 1998). (Photo By Getty Images) [PAR] By Michael Richards, Contributing Writer [PAR] Updated March 28, 2016. [PAR] Who Was Pol Pot? [PAR] As head of the Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot oversaw an unprecedented and extremely brutal attempt to remove Cambodia from the modern world and establish an agrarian utopia. While attempting to create this utopia, Pol Pot created the Cambodian Genocide, which lasted from 1975 to 1979 and caused the deaths of at least 1.5 million Cambodians out of a population of approximately 8 million. [PAR] Dates: May 19, 1928 (1925?) \u2013 April 15, 1998 [PAR] Also known as: Saloth Sar (born as); \u201cbrother number one\u201d [PAR] Childhood and Youth of Pol Pot [PAR] The man who would later be known as Pol Pot was born as Saloth Sar on May 19, 1928, in the fishing village of Prek Sbauk, Kampong Thom province, in what was then French Indochina (now Cambodia ). His family, of Chinese-Khmer descent, was considered moderately well-to-do. They also had connections to the royal family: a sister was a concubine of the king, Sisovath Monivong, and a brother was a court official. [PAR] In 1934, Pol Pot went to live with the brother in Phnom Penh, where he spent a year in a royal Buddhist monastery and then attended a Catholic school. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Pol Pot [PAR] At age 14, he began high school in Kompong Cham. Pol Pot was, however, not a very successful student and switched to a technical school to study carpentry. [PAR] In 1949, Pol Pot obtained a scholarship to study radio electronics in Paris. He enjoyed himself in Paris, gaining a reputation as something of a bon vivant, fond of dancing and drinking red wine. However, by his second year in Paris, Pol Pot had become friends with other students who were impassioned by politics. [PAR] From these friends, Pol Pot encountered Marxism, joining the Cercle Marxiste (Marxist Circle of Khmer Students in Paris) and the French Communist Party. (Many of the other students whom he befriended during this period later became central figures in the Khmer Rouge.) [PAR] After Pol Pot failed his examinations for the third year in a row, however, he had to return in January 1953 to what would shortly become Cambodia. [PAR] Pol Pot Joins the Viet Minh [PAR] As the first of the Cercle Marxiste to return to Cambodia, Pol Pot helped assess the different groups rebelling against the Cambodian government and recommended that returning members of the Cercle join the Khmer Viet Minh (or Moutakeaha). Although Pol Pot and other members of the Cercle disliked that the Khmer Viet Minh had heavy ties with Vietnam, the group felt that this Communist revolutionary organization was the one most likely to take action. [PAR] In August 1953, Pol Pot left his home secretly and, without even telling his friends, headed to the Viet Minh\u2019s Eastern Zone Headquarters, located near the village of Krabao. The camp was located in the forest and consisted of canvas tents that could be easily moved in case of an attack. [PAR] Pol Pot (and eventually more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidential Elections - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Presidential Elections - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Presidential Elections [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Departing from the monarchical tradition of Britain, the founding fathers of the United States created a system in which the American people had the power and responsibility to select their leader. Under this new order, George Washington, the first U.S. president, was elected in 1789. At the time, only white men who owned property could vote, but the 15th, 19th and 26th Amendments to the Constitution have since expanded the right of suffrage to all citizens over 18. Taking place every four years, presidential campaigns and elections have evolved into a series of fiercely fought, and sometimes controversial, contests, now played out in the 24-hour news cycle.The stories behind each election\u2014some ending in landslide victories, others decided by the narrowest of margins\u2014provide a roadmap to the events of U.S. history. [PAR] Google [PAR] 1789: George Washington \u2013 unopposed [PAR] The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. No one contested the election of George Washington , but he remained reluctant to run until the last minute, in part because he believed seeking the office would be dishonorable. Only when Alexander Hamilton and others convinced him that it would be dishonorable to refuse did he agree to run. [PAR] The Constitution allowed each state to decide how to choose its presidential electors. In 1789, only Pennsylvania and Maryland held elections for this purpose; elsewhere, the state legislatures chose the electors. This method caused some problems in New York , which was so divided between Federalists who supported the new Constitution and Antifederalists who opposed it that the legislature failed to choose either presidential electors or U.S. senators. [PAR] Before the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment, each elector cast two votes for president. The candidate with a majority won the presidency, and the runner-up became vice president. [PAR] Most Federalists agreed that John Adams should be vice president. But Hamilton feared that if Adams was the unanimous choice, he would end in a tie with Washington and might even become president, an outcome that would be highly embarrassing for both Washington and the new electoral system. Hamilton therefore arranged that a number of votes be deflected, so that Adams was elected by less than half the number of Washington\u2019s expected unanimous vote. The final results were Washington, 69 electoral votes; Adams, 34; John Jay , 9; John Hancock , 4; and others, 22. [PAR] 1792: George Washington \u2013 unopposed [PAR] As in 1789, persuading George Washington to run was the major difficulty in selecting a president in 1792. Washington complained of old age, sickness, and the increasing hostility of the Republican press toward his administration. The press attacks were symptomatic of the increasing split within the government between Federalists, who were coalescing around Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, and Republicans, forming around Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson . James Madison , among others, convinced Washington to continue as president by arguing that only he could hold the government together. [PAR] Speculation then shifted to the vice presidency. Hamilton and the Federalists supported the reelection of John Adams. Republicans favored New York governor George Clinton, but Federalists feared him partly because of a widespread belief that his recent election to the governorship was fraudulent. In addition, the Federalists feared that Clinton would belittle the importance of the federal government by retaining his governorship while serving as vice president. [PAR] Adams won relatively easily with support from New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, except"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel The Declaration of the State of Israel [PAR] The Declaration of the State of Israel [PAR] May 14, 1948 [PAR] donations [PAR] Introduction [PAR] As the British forces pulled out of Palestine and the mandate came to an end, the Executive Committee of the Jewish \"Yishuv\" (community) in Palestine met to decide whether or not to declare a state, as has been envisioned under UN Resolution 181. The Arab states had declared that if such a state was declared, they would invade it. Nonetheless, the committee decided to declare a state, armed with the promise of US President Harry S. Truman that he would recognize such a state if it was declared. The Israeli Declaration of Independence was read out on Friday, the 14th of May 1948 by David Ben Gurion, who then became the first Prime Minister of the new state. The State was quickly recognized by the United States and the USSR. [PAR] The Palestinians did not declare a state immediately, and though several attempts were made to do so, they were blocked by the Jordanians and then by the Egyptians. The Egyptians later allowed the declaration of such a state in Gaza in September 1948, but it was recognized by no-one and had no resources and no real existence. Arab states had no interest in the formation of a separate state in Palestine, both because each state had territorial ambitions in Palestine, and because they feared the radical influence of Palestinian leadership under Haj Amin El-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. [PAR] The declaration stated that Israel \"will uphold the full social and political equality of all its citizens, without distinction of race, creed or sex; will guarantee full freedom of conscience, worship, education and culture; will safeguard the sanctity and inviolability of the shrines and Holy Places of all religions; and will dedicate itself to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. \" [PAR] The last sentence of the declaration refers to \"the rock of Israel\" (tsur Yisrael). This is one of the synonyms for God used in Hebrew. According to Tom Segev, in The First Israelis, the wording represents a compromise between the demand of Moshe Shapira representing the religious party that the declaration incorporate a reference to the Lord of Israel, and the demand of the leftist Mapam party representative that the declaration must not incorporate such a reference. The compromise formula made it possible to approve the declaration and publish it before the Sabbath and before the British left the country. May 15, 1948 was a Sabbath. David Ben Gurion, the first Prime Minister, who was a deist or possibly a polite atheist, was agreeable to this compromise. He said on other occasion that for him \"the rock of Israel\" was the Old Testament with its history and traditions. [PAR] Ami Isseroff [PAR] Notice - Copyright [PAR] This introduction is Copyright 2001-2003 by MidEastWeb http://www.mideastweb.org and the author. Please tell your friends about MidEastWeb and link to this page. Please do not copy this page to your Web site. You may print this page out for classroom use provided that this notice is appended, and you may cite this material in the usual way. Other uses by permission only. The source material below is placed in the public domain and is free of copy restrictions. [PAR] MidEastWeb is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting peace and coexistence in the Middle East. We provide balanced and complete information, news and views to promote understanding and dialog. We cannot continue without your help!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1975: Tories choose first woman leader - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 11 | 1975: Tories choose first woman leader [PAR] 1975: Tories choose first woman leader [PAR] The British Conservative Party has chosen Margaret Thatcher as its new leader. [PAR] She will be the first woman to head a British political party after a landslide victory over the other four - male - candidates. [PAR] Mrs Thatcher - who served as Secretary of State for Science and Education in Ted Heath's Government - exclaimed \"It's like a dream.\" [PAR] The MP for Finchley, north London, since 1959 rejected suggestions of great celebrations. [PAR] It's like a dream [PAR] Margaret Thatcher [PAR] She said: \"Good heavens, no. There's far too much work to be done.\" [PAR] Mrs Thatcher, 50, forced Ted Heath to resign as leader last week when she trounced him in the first round of the leadership race with 130 votes to his 119. [PAR] Conservative Party confidence in Mr Heath - prime minister from 1970 to 1974 - was rattled by his failure to win general elections in both February and October last year. [PAR] Chairman of the influential 1922 Backbench Committee - whose 276 members are largely responsible for deciding party leaders - Edward du Cann, told BBC Television: \"We have a new and rather exciting leader. Mrs Thatcher will make the Tory Party distinctive.\" [PAR] At a press conference at the House of Commons the new leader thanked her campaign team and looked forward to retaining Ted Heath and other members of the current Shadow Cabinet, though probably not in the same jobs. [PAR] Mrs Thatcher - a mother of twins married to Denis, an oil executive - put in a brief appearance at a party in Pimlico before having a working dinner with Conservative Chief Whip Humphrey Atkins in Westminster. [PAR] Former Northern Ireland Minister Willie Whitelaw was her closest challenger, but still only gained 79 votes in comparison to the 146 she polled in the second ballot of the contest. [PAR] The other candidates were Sir Geoffrey Howe, QC, and Mr Prior who each received 19 votes and John Peyton trailed in last with just 11 votes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold Wilson - Wikiquote Harold Wilson - Wikiquote [PAR] Harold Wilson [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] This Party needs to protect itself against the activities of small groups of inflexible political persuasion, extreme so-called left and in a few cases extreme so-called moderates, having in common only their arrogant dogmatism. [PAR] James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx , KG, OBE, FRS, PC ( 11 March 1916 \u2013 24 May 1995 ) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970, and again from 1974 to 1976. He had an impressive educational background, becoming an Oxford don at 21 and working as a war time civil servant; he was made a government minister immediately after he was elected to Parliament. As Leader of the Labour Party he moved the party towards a technocratic approach and appeared more in tune with the 'swinging sixties'; however his government was beset by economic difficulties and he was unexpectedly defeated in 1970. His return to office with a tiny majority in the mid-1970s saw a referendum which endorsed British membership of the European Communities. He resigned suddenly in 1976, and in his retirement suffered from Alzheimers' disease. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Sourced[ edit ] [PAR] On 5 September, when the TUC unanimously rejected wage restraint, it was the end of an era, and all the financiers, all the little gnomes in Z\u00fcrich and other finance centres about whom we keep on hearing, had started to make their dispositions in regard to sterling. [PAR] Hansard, House of Commons, 5th series, vol. 560, col. 579. [PAR] Speech in the House of Commons (12 November 1956); often quoted as \"gnomes of Z\u00fcrich\". [PAR] In all our plans for the future, we are re-defining and we are re-stating our Socialism in terms of the scientific revolution. But that revolution cannot become a reality unless we are prepared to make far-reaching changes in economic and social attitudes which permeate our whole system of society. The Britain that is going to be forged in the white heat of this revolution will be no place for restrictive practices or for outdated methods on either side of industry. [PAR] Usually quoted as \"the white heat of the technological revolution\". Speech at Labour Party conference, October 1, 1963. Labour Party Annual Conference Report, 1963, pages 139-140. [PAR] Hughie, get your tanks off my lawn. [PAR] Statement to trade union leader Hugh Scanlon (c.1969), as quoted in \"Lord Scanlon\" in The Telegraph (28 January 2004) [PAR] The government have only a small majority in the House of Commons. I want to make it quite clear that this will not affect our ability to govern. Having been charged with the duties of Government we intend to carry out those duties. [PAR] David Butler, Coalitions in British Politics (Macmillan, London, 1978), p. 99. [PAR] Television broadcast, October 1964, after winning the general election . [PAR] Smethwick Conservatives can have the satisfaction of having topped the poll, of having sent a Member who, until another election returns him to oblivion, will serve his time here as a Parliamentary leper. [PAR] Hansard, House of Commons, 5th series, vol. 701, col. 71. [PAR] Speech in the House of Commons, 3 November, 1964. The 1964 general election had seen the defeat of Wilson's Shadow Foreign Secretary Patrick Gordon Walker by Conservative Peter Griffiths after an allegedly racist campaign. Griffiths was indeed defeated at the next election but returned to Parliament in 1979 and served until 1997. [PAR] I know I speak for everyone in these islands, all parties, all our people, when I say to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bacon, Francis | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Bacon, Francis | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [PAR] Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [PAR] Z [PAR] Francis Bacon (1561\u20141626) [PAR] Sir Francis Bacon (later Lord Verulam and the Viscount St. Albans) was an English lawyer, statesman, essayist, historian, intellectual reformer, philosopher, and champion of modern science. Early in his career he claimed \u201call knowledge as his province\u201d and afterwards dedicated himself to a wholesale revaluation and re-structuring of traditional learning. To take the place of the established tradition (a miscellany of Scholasticism, humanism, and natural magic), he proposed an entirely new system based on empirical and inductive principles and the active development of new arts and inventions, a system whose ultimate goal would be the production of practical knowledge for \u201cthe use and benefit of men\u201d and the relief of the human condition. [PAR] At the same time that he was founding and promoting this new project for the advancement of learning, Bacon was also moving up the ladder of state service. His career aspirations had been largely disappointed under Elizabeth I, but with the ascension of James his political fortunes rose. Knighted in 1603, he was then steadily promoted to a series of offices, including Solicitor General (1607), Attorney General (1613), and eventually Lord Chancellor (1618). While serving as Chancellor, he was indicted on charges of bribery and forced to leave public office. He then retired to his estate where he devoted himself full time to his continuing literary, scientific, and philosophical work. He died in 1626, leaving behind a cultural legacy that, for better or worse, includes most of the foundation for the triumph of technology and for the modern world as we currently know it. [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] References and Further Reading [PAR] 1. Life and Political Career [PAR] Sir Francis Bacon (later Lord Verulam, the Viscount St. Albans, and Lord Chancellor of England) was born in London in 1561 to a prominent and well-connected family. His parents were Sir Nicholas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Seal, and Lady Anne Cooke, daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, a knight and one-time tutor to the royal family. Lady Anne was a learned woman in her own right, having acquired Greek and Latin as well as Italian and French. She was a sister-in-law both to Sir Thomas Hoby, the esteemed English translator of Castiglione, and to Sir William Cecil (later Lord Burghley), Lord Treasurer, chief counselor to Elizabeth I, and from 1572-1598 the most powerful man in England. [PAR] Bacon was educated at home at the family estate at Gorhambury in Herfordshire. In 1573, at the age of just twelve, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where the stodgy Scholastic curriculum triggered his lifelong opposition to Aristotelianism (though not to the works of Aristotle himself). [PAR] In 1576 Bacon began reading law at Gray\u2019s Inn. Yet only a year later he interrupted his studies in order to take a position in the diplomatic service in France as an assistant to the ambassador. In 1579, while he was still in France, his father died, leaving him (as the second son of a second marriage and the youngest of six heirs) virtually without support. With no position, no land, no income, and no immediate prospects, he returned to England and resumed the study of law. [PAR] Bacon completed his law degree in 1582, and in 1588 he was named lecturer in legal studies at Gray\u2019s Inn. In the meantime, he was elected to Parliament in 1584 as a member for Melcombe in Dorsetshire. He would remain in Parliament as a representative for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1955: Attlee steps down as Labour leader - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1955: Attlee steps down as Labour leader [PAR] 1955: Attlee steps down as Labour leader [PAR] Clement Attlee has resigned as leader of the opposition Labour Party, following months of speculation. [PAR] Tonight the Prime Minister, Sir Anthony Eden, announced in Downing Street that the Queen is to make Mr Attlee an earl. [PAR] He is the first Labour leader to accept a hereditary peerage. This will allow him to continue his work for the parliamentary Labour Party from the House of Lords, where the Opposition has little representation. [PAR] He made his announcement this morning at the start of a special meeting of the shadow cabinet in the Commons convened to discuss the Middle East. [PAR] 'Regrettable' [PAR] He said: \"After the [1951] general election I intimated that I would continue as chairman of the party meantime. [PAR] \"It is regrettable, however, that since that date there has scarcely been a week passed without one prominent member of the party or another talking about my impending resignation. That certainly does not help the party.\" [PAR] He then announced his immediate resignation and was thanked for his long service to the party and the country. [PAR] Herbert Morrison, deputy chairman of the party, will stand in as leader while a successor is found. There are expected to be three candidates - Mr Morrison himself, Hugh Gaitskell and Aneurin Bevan. [PAR] Most Labour MPs believe Mr Gaitskell, at 49 the youngest of the contenders, will be elected leader. [PAR] Lasting legacy [PAR] Mr Attlee, who is 72 and has recently suffered a stroke, has led his party for 20 years and has had a seat in the House of Commons for 33 years. [PAR] In 1942 he became deputy prime minister in the war cabinet under Sir Winston Churchill. [PAR] During his six years as prime minister from 1945 to 1951 he oversaw sweeping changes to the welfare state with the introduction of the National Health Service and the nationalisation of key industries - the Bank of England, civil aviation, coal telecommunications, transport, electricity, iron and steel. [PAR] He also pushed through the independence of India and Burma."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Faces of Feminism - The New York Times Faces of Feminism [PAR] Read the Review [PAR] Gender and Politics Redefined [PAR] The women's movement has changed the way we think about both gender and politics in this country. In feminist theory, gender, unlike sex, is defined as a socially constructed role, which means that it is the result of political arrangements and is amenable to social and political analysis. To understand this idea, we have to think about roles the way social scientists do--not as God or nature determined, but as how and with what rationale a particular culture distributes certain tasks, certain privileges, and certain responsibilities. [PAR] We owe the original formulation of this radical idea to anthropologist Margaret Mead, who in a study of three primitive societies in New Guinea noticed that, even though in every culture certain tasks, responsibilities, and privileges were assigned by gender, those assignments were not identical. In one, the military task of protecting the village was assigned to males, but in another both sexes had to go to war if the village was threatened. In still another tribe, food production by agriculture was assigned to women, and the men who had to do hunting and gathering had much more free time. Hence, when the males were not away, they were home unemployed and able--indeed, expected--to sit around and indulge in what we Americans would call gossip. In that society, gossiping was considered a male privilege, whereas in our society such conversation is thought to be a frivolous female pleasure.(1) [PAR] Mead's analysis demonstrated that, although every society defined certain activities as either male or female, the gender designation of those activities varied from culture to culture. No universal role was either male or female. The societies Mead studied were interesting and important to her analysis because there was little contact among them; each had invented its own gender arrangements independently. Nevertheless, there was always gender definition, and one pattern everywhere held true: Whatever men did was more highly valued by the village than whatever women did. In modern terminology, males were assigned tasks that, by themselves, conferred higher status.(2) Thus, as we move into a discussion of sexual politics in America, we have to face the challenge of the universality of gender differences and the fact that, despite myths about matriarchies, almost everywhere males enjoy a socially constructed superiority over women.(3) [PAR] Why? That is the question ethnologists, anthropologists, sociologists, and political scientists have been asking for the past several decades. Some analysts believe it is because males are physically stronger. Can we infer that in all societies males have threatened women physically to maintain a superior status? Or is there something about the childbearing and childrearing functions that so debilitates women that they are unwilling or unable to compete with men for positions of leadership and power? Remember that in a world without contraception, a healthy female will be pregnant constantly during her adult life. The only natural contraceptive is mother's malnutrition. [PAR] Despite the difficulty of answering these questions definitively, the reason for women's inferior status has to be addressed. If biology is not women's destiny, then some other explanation of how women's destiny came to be defined this way, in culture after culture, must be provided by feminists. [PAR] Just as gender has been reconceptualized, \"politics,\" too, has been expanded by feminists. In its narrowest definition, politics has to do with participation in government, party politics, and elective or appointed office. More broadly, however, politics has to do with power: getting people to do what you want them"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Milton Friedman: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics ... Milton Friedman: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics | Library of Economics and Liberty [PAR] | Biographies [PAR] | Milton Friedman [PAR] Milton Friedman was the twentieth century\u2019s most prominent advocate of free markets. Born in 1912 to Jewish immigrants in New York City, he attended Rutgers University, where he earned his B.A. at the age of twenty. He went on to earn his M.A. from the University of Chicago in 1933 and his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1946. In 1951 Friedman received the John Bates Clark Medal honoring economists under age forty for outstanding achievement. In 1976 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for \u201chis achievements in the field of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.\u201d Before that time he had served as an adviser to President Richard Nixon and was president of the American Economic Association in 1967. After retiring from the University of Chicago in 1977, Friedman became a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. [PAR] Friedman established himself in 1945 with Income from Independent Professional Practice, coauthored with Simon Kuznets. In it he argued that state licensing procedures limited entry into the medical profession, thereby allowing doctors to charge higher fees than they would be able to do if competition were more open. [PAR] His landmark 1957 work, A Theory of the Consumption Function, took on the Keynesian view that individuals and households adjust their expenditures on consumption to reflect their current income. Friedman showed that, instead, people\u2019s annual consumption is a function of their \u201cpermanent income,\u201d a term he introduced as a measure of the average income people expect over a few years. [PAR] In Capitalism and Freedom, Friedman wrote arguably the most important economics book of the 1960s, making a case for relatively free markets to a general audience. He argued for, among other things, a volunteer army, freely floating exchange rates, abolition of licensing of doctors, a negative income tax, and education vouchers. (Friedman was a passionate foe of the military draft: he once stated that the abolition of the draft was almost the only issue on which he had personally lobbied Congress.) Many of the young people who read it were encouraged to study economics themselves. His ideas spread worldwide with Free to Choose (coauthored with his wife, Rose Friedman), the best-selling nonfiction book of 1980, written to accompany a TV series on the Public Broadcasting System. This book made Milton Friedman a household name. [PAR] Although much of his trailblazing work was done on price theory\u2014the theory that explains how prices are determined in individual markets\u2014Friedman is popularly recognized for monetarism . Defying Keynes and most of the academic establishment of the time, Friedman presented evidence to resurrect the quantity theory of money\u2014the idea that the price level depends on the money supply . In Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money, published in 1956, Friedman stated that in the long run, increased monetary growth increases prices but has little or no effect on output. In the short run, he argued, increases in money supply growth cause employment and output to increase, and decreases in money supply growth have the opposite effect. [PAR] Friedman\u2019s solution to the problems of inflation and short-run fluctuations in employment and real GNP was a so-called money-supply rule. If the Federal Reserve Board were required to increase the money supply at the same rate as real GNP increased, he argued, inflation would disappear. Friedman\u2019s monetarism came to the forefront when,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women get the vote - UK Parliament Women get the vote - UK Parliament [PAR] Women get the vote [PAR] Women and the Lords [PAR] Women get the vote [PAR] During 1916-1917, the House of Commons Speaker, James William Lowther, chaired a conference on electoral reform which recommended limited women's suffrage. [PAR] Influential consideration [PAR] Only 58% of the adult male population was eligible to vote before 1918. An influential consideration, in addition to the suffrage movement and the growth of the Labour Party, was the fact that only men who had been resident in the country for 12 months prior to a general election were entitled to vote. [PAR] This effectively disenfranchised a large number of troops who had been serving overseas in the war. With a general election imminent, politicians were persuaded to extend the vote to all men and some women at long last. [PAR] Representation of the People Act 1918 [PAR] In 1918 the Representation of the People Act was passed which allowed women over the age of 30 who met a property qualification to vote. Although 8.5 million women met this criteria, it only represented 40 per cent of the total population of women in the UK. [PAR] The same act abolished property and other restrictions for men, and extended the vote to all men over the age of 21. Additionally, men in the armed forces could vote from the age of 19. The electorate increased from eight to 21 million, but there was still huge inequality between women and men. [PAR] Equal Franchise Act 1928 [PAR] It was not until the Equal Franchise Act of 1928 that women over 21 were able to vote and women finally achieved the same voting rights as men. This act increased the number of women eligible to vote to 15 million.[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Higher Bitesize History - Major changes : Revision ... BBC - Higher Bitesize History - Major changes : Revision, Page2 [PAR] Next [PAR] Reforms after 1867 [PAR] In 1867 the electoral system put in place by the 1832 Reform Act remained intact, but it had come under increasing pressure throughout the 1840s and 1850s from the reformist movements. [PAR] In 1866, all voters had to be male adults over 21 years of age and the right to vote was still based upon a property qualification. By the early 1860s around 1.43 million could vote out of a total population of 30 million. Furthermore, the lack of secret ballots resulted in open voting. This meant that voters could be offered bribes or be subject to intimidation in order to vote a certain way. [PAR] The system still did not give equal representation to the various parts of the United Kingdom. Areas such as Scotland still found themselves with fewer MPs and less of a say in Parliament that many other smaller areas of the UK. Obviously, the parliamentary system was not that of a democracy. [PAR] Between the 1867 Reform Act and the 1928 Representation of the People Act, democratic reform grew at a faster pace than at any other time. [PAR] 1867 Parliamentary Reform Act [PAR] In 1867 the Conservative government introduced the Parliamentary Reform Act which increased the electorate to almost 2.5 million. The Conservative leader, Benjamin Disraeli, persuaded his supporters that the English working man would make limited demands on politicians - keep him housed, fed and clothed and he would vote Conservative for ever. This gamble (\"The Leap in the Dark\") gave most skilled working class men in the towns the vote. However, the Act did not alter the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fascist State: 1925-43 - Revision Cards in A Level and ... The Fascist State: 1925-43 - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History [PAR] The Fascist State: 1925-43 [PAR] Fascism and the economy [PAR] Mussolini's economic policy, 1922-29 [PAR] in his first years as prime minister, Mussolini pursued liberal economic policies which pleased amny industrialists [PAR] he appointed Alberto De Stefani - an economics professor and former First World War soldier - as his finance minister and introduced various pro-business measures [PAR] taxes on war profits were reduced or abolished, private companised took over the telephone system and Ansaldo (the large shipping and steel firm) received a cash injection from the state [PAR] these early years coincided with a general European economic recovery and the decline of the Italian Left, both of which strenghtened business confidence [PAR] consequently, from 1921-25, manufacturing output in ITaly increased by almost 54% and a budget surplus was produced in 1924 [PAR] 1 of 36 [PAR] Fascism and the economy [PAR] Mussolini's economic policy, 1922-29 [PAR] the boom years ended in 1925-26 due to rising inflation, a trade deficit crisis and the falling value of the lira [PAR] these problems, and the creation of the fascist dictatorship, led to a shift in economic policy [PAR] Mussolini replaced De Stefani with a new finance minister, the banker and industrialist Count Giuseppe Volpi, in 1925 [PAR] unlike De Stefani, Volpi backed government loands to industry, state intervention, high tarifs and a balanced budget [PAR] his appointment was a clear sign that Mussolini wanted good relations with big business [PAR] Volpi pursued deflationary and protectionist policies, which set the tone for the rest of the fascist era [PAR] 2 of 36 [PAR] Fascism and the economy [PAR] Mussolini's economic policy, 1922-29 [PAR] 1926 - for reasons of national and personal presige, the Duce insisted that the lira was undervalued and should be rest at 90 lire to the British pound - done so the following year [PAR] foreign financiers and the Italin republic applauded Mussolini's decision but it had a damaging impact on the economy [PAR] the high cost of the lire meant that Italian goods almost doubled in price abroad and Italian export industries, notably textiles, light engineering and car manufacturing, suffered [PAR] between 1922-26 Italy's economic boom had been largley export-led [PAR] moreover, imported foods and products did not become more affordbale through revaluation because the regime imposed reductions were part of the regime's deflationary policy [PAR] only industries which required large supplies of cheap tariff-free raw materials from abroad and which relied mainly on domestic orders, really benefitted from 'Quota 90' and a protected home market [PAR] by 1929, 'the Fascist economic pattern was becoming set. Italy was turning away from her export markets, and boosting instead the industries which stood to gain most from empire and rearmament' - Martin Clark, 2008 [PAR] 3 of 36 [PAR] Fascism and the economy [PAR] The corporate state [PAR] in the mid-1920s, production was officially reoganised under the Corporate State, the much-heralded Fascist 'third way' between capitalism and communism [PAR] Fascist propaganda claimed this new mechanism would end class conflict and promote social harmony by incorporating both bosses and workers inside the state [PAR] Mussolini also believed that corportate conomics would support an expansionist foreign policy [PAR] under the Vidoni PAct of 1925, Confindustria (the Italian Industrialists' Confederation) and the Fascist syndiates (trade unions) recognised each other as the exclusive representatives respecitvely of capital and labour, but the regime was not even-handed [PAR] 1926 Rocco Law & 1927 Labour Charter placed the Fascist unions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myanmar\u2019s Release of Political Prisoners a Step in Right ... Myanmar\u2019s Release of Political Prisoners a Step in Right Direction for Human Rights | Amnesty International USA [PAR] Myanmar\u2019s Release of Political Prisoners a Step in Right Direction for Human Rights [PAR] Press Release [PAR] Myanmar\u2019s Release of Political Prisoners a Step in Right Direction for Human Rights [PAR] Calls for Independent Monitoring of Detention Facilities and Investigation into Torture Reports [PAR] Contact: Carol Gregory, cgregory@aiusa.org , 202-675-8759 [PAR] (Washington, D.C.) \u2013 Amnesty International USA welcomed news today that Myanmar released 50 political prisoners, including Amnesty International prisoners of conscience, U Myint Aye and Saw Kyaw Kywa Min, but said the authorities have \"miles to go\" to fulfill the promise of human rights protections in the country. In addition to the release of all political prisoners, the human rights organization is calling for independent monitoring of all detention facilities in Myanmar and an independent investigation into reports of torture and other ill treatment. [PAR] The prisoners were released today following President Obama's trip to Rangoon, Myanmar -- the first time a sitting U.S. President has visited the country. [PAR] \"The Myanmar government cannot release a few political prisoners while the world is watching, and call it human rights reform,\" said Suzanne Nossel, executive director of Amnesty International USA. \"When President Obama returns on Washington, D.C. he must exert more pressure on Burma to release all prisoners of conscience immediately and without condition.\" [PAR] The prisoners released today include co-founder of the Human Rights Defender and Promoters Network, U Myint Aye, who was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2008 for his peaceful political activities, and Saw Kyaw Kyaw Min, a lawyer and human rights offender who was sentenced to six months imprisonment in August 2012. [PAR] \"The release of these prisoners of conscience is a baby step in the right direction, but Burma has miles to go to right the wrongs of a repressive regime that has attempted to silence peaceful defenders of human rights,\" said Suzanne Nossel. [PAR] The Myanmar government announced on November 18 that it will hold inter-governmental consultations by December of this year to reconsider charges and punishment of prisoners still in jail. Amnesty has called on authorities for a comprehensive review mechanism to determine who remains in prison and why. Additionally, the human rights organization wants the United Nations and civil society representatives to be involved in the process to guarantee impartiality and credibility. [PAR] Amnesty International is a Nobel Peace Prize-winning grassroots activist organization with more than 3 million supporters, activists and volunteers in more than 150 countries campaigning for human rights worldwide. The organization investigates and exposes abuses, educates and mobilizes the public, and works to protect people wherever justice, freedom, truth and dignity are denied. [PAR] Sign Up [PAR] Get updates on Amnesty's work to protect human rights worldwide. [PAR] Act Now [PAR] Urgent Action: LGBTI Activist Held In Pre-Trial Detention (Turkey: UA 2/17) [PAR] Fashion designer and LGBTI activist Barbaros \u015eansal is being held in pre-trial detention, accused of \u2018inciting the public to hatred or hostility\u2019 for a video message and tweet he shared on social media on New Year\u2019s Eve. He was detained on the territory of northern Cyprus and extradited to Turkey the next day. He was assaulted on arrival in Istanbul on the airport apron."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British East India Company - The Victorian Web The British East India Company \u2014 the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two) [PAR] The British East India Company \u2014 the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two) [PAR] George P. Landow , Professor of English and the History of Art, Brown University [PAR] [ Victorian Web Home \u2014> Victorian Political History \u2014> Victorian Social History \u2014> The Empire > \u2014> The British India ] [PAR] The East India Company is, or rather was, an anomaly without a parallel in the history of the world. It originated from sub-scriptions, trifling in amount, of a few private individuals. It gradually became a commercial body with gigantic resources, and by the force of unforeseen circumstances assumed the form of a sovereign power, while those by whom its affairs were directed continued, in their individual capacities, to be without power or political influence. \u2014 Bentley's Miscellany 43 (1858) [PAR] One of the strangest parts of the history of the British Empire involves that commercial venture generally known as the East India Company, though its original name when founded by royal charter on the very last day of 1600 was the Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies. As its name suggests, the company was the enterprise of London businessmen who banded together to make money importing spices from South Asia. For centuries the valuable spice trade with the East Indies (as they were long known) relied on land routes across Asia and the Middle East, but by the sixteenth century, the superior navigational technology and skills of the Portuguese for the first time permitted Europeans to cut out intermediaries and hence make themselves far greater profits. The Spanish and Portuguese had a monopoly of the East Indies spice trade until destruction of the Spanish Aramada in 1588, which permitted the British and Dutch to seek their share of this wealthy import business. [PAR] The company with the long name first entered the spice trade in the form of an old-fashioned or early capitalist venture, essentially conducting each voyage as a separate business venture with its own subsribers or stock-holders. This approach lasted for a dozen years, and then in 1612 the company switched to temporary joint stocks and finally to permanent joint stocks in 1657. Supposedly a monopoly, the company evenentually faced competition from another group of English investors and merchants, and the two merged in 1708 as the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies. [PAR] According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, [PAR] The company met with opposition from the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and the Portuguese. The Dutch virtually excluded company members from the East Indies after the Amboina Massacre in 1623 (an incident in which English, Japanese, and Portuguese traders were executed by Dutch authorities), but the company's defeat of the Portuguese in India (1612) won them trading concessions from the Mughal Empire. The company settled down to a trade in cotton and silk piece goods, indigo, and saltpetre, with spices from South India. It extended its activities to the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. [PAR] The company's encounters with foreign competitors eventually required it to assemble its own military and administrative departments, thereby becoming an imperial power in its own right, though the British government began to reign it in by the late eighteenth century. Before Parliament created a government-controlled policy-making body with the Regulating Act of 1773 and the India Act eleven years later, shareholders' meetings made decisions about Britain's de facto colonies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Panama 's ex-ruler Noriega returns home after 22 years - CNN Panama's ex-ruler Noriega returns home after 22 years - CNN.com [PAR] Panama's ex-ruler Noriega returns home after 22 years [PAR] By the CNN Wire Staff [PAR] Updated 5:16 AM ET, Mon December 12, 2011 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] Manuel Noriega returns to Panama 02:04 [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] Manuel Noriega arrives at El Renacer prison in Gamboa [PAR] His attorney says the former dictator deserves fair representation [PAR] Noriega was convicted in absentia for crimes committed during his rule [PAR] Because of his age, he may ask to serve time under house arrest [PAR] Former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega arrived Sunday evening in his home country, nearly 22 years after U.S. forces forcibly removed him from office. [PAR] The 77-year-old was taken straight to El Renacer prison to serve time for crimes committed during his rule. Reporters flooded the medium-security facility in Gamboa, but the former leader was shielded from public view. Officials later confirmed that he was there. [PAR] Earlier, Noriega arrived at the Tocumen International Airport in Panama City, where security was tight. [PAR] \"I think it has historic and symbolic significance,\" said Michael Shifter, president of the Washington D.C.-based Inter-American Dialogue, about Noriega's return. [PAR] \"It's a sense of closure for the Panamanian people. He clearly was a dictator for six years and presided over assassinations, disappearances and killing of opposition leaders. And so I think that it's something that was unfinished business and I think it's important for Panama to have a sense of closure,\" he said. [PAR] Noriega's extradition process began Sunday morning with a flight from Paris to Madrid. He was in Spanish police custody during a four-hour layover before leaving Madrid Sunday afternoon on a flight to Panama City, a spokesman for Spain's airport authority said. [PAR] Last month, a French court authorized his extradition to Panama, where officials want Noriega to face justice in the killings of Hugo Spadafora, his political opponent, and at least one other person. He was convicted in absentia. [PAR] Speaking outside of the prison complex in Gamboa, Noriega's attorney said his client deserves fair representation. [PAR] \"He (Noriega) wanted to return to the country and face in this land the charges for which he was tried in absentia,\" attorney Julio Berrios told reporters. [PAR] \"General Noriega is accused of having participated in three homicides. U.S. President George H.W. Bush invaded us and that cost 4,000 deaths. Has anybody said anything against Bush?\" he said. [PAR] Noriega has been in France since 2010, after two decades in an American prison. [PAR] Authorities have strengthened security to guarantee his safety in Panama, according to Panamanian Foreign Minister Roberto Henriquez. [PAR] \"We have to be ready for all the possibilities in all aspects. Noriega inspires very big emotions, and Noriega's life could very well be at risk in Panama,\" Henriquez said. [PAR] Interior Minister Roxana Mendez said Noriega will receive the same treatment as other inmates in the Panamanian prison. [PAR] \"The Panamanian state has no special consideration when it comes to him serving his sentence inside the prison complex,\" Mendez said. \"However, based on our laws, and if there's a valid request from his attorneys, they can ask that he be transferred from the prison to house arrest if the inmate's health is in jeopardy or if the inmate, being over 70 years old, may face risks inside the prison complex.\" [PAR] Last year, a French court sentenced Noriega"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Politics1 - Director of U.S. Political Parties Politics1 - Director of U.S. Political Parties [PAR] DIRECTORY OF U.S. POLITICAL PARTIES [PAR] THE TWO MAJOR PARTIES: [PAR] DEMOCRATIC PARTY (DNC) - The Democrats won the White House in 2008 and 2012, won some key governorships (PA, NY, MO, MN, and CA) -- but lost control [PAR] of the US House in 2010, lost the US Senate in 2014, and lost the White House in 2016 (while still carrying a plurality of the national popular vote by a margin of over 2.5 million votes). Democrats run the wide gamut from the near Euro-style democratic-socialist left ( Barbara Lee and Bernie Sanders , an independent who caucuses with the Dems) and traditional liberals ( Elizabeth Warren , Sherrod Brown , Nancy Pelosi ) to the pragmatic \"centrist\" moderate-to-liberal style ( Andrew Cuomo , Martin O'Malley , Mark Warner ) to the Dem center-right ( John Hickenlooper and the New Democratic Coalition ) to the dwindling GOP-style center-conservative right ( Joe Manchin , Blue Dog Coalition ). The 2016 presidential nomination contest saw a competitive race between the traditional Democratic establishment (Clinton) and the progressive wing (Sanders), in which the establishment prevailed. Official affiliated national Democratic sites include: [PAR] College Democrats of America (\"College Dems\") . [PAR] REPUBLICAN PARTY (RNC) - Republicans recaptured the Presidency in 2016, following strong off-year elections in 2010 (recapturing majority status in the US House) and 2014 (recapturing US Senate control). The GOP also holds several key Governorships (including TX, OH, FL, GA, MI, IL, WI, MO, MA and MD). Pre-Trump, the Republicans could generally be classified into several different sub-sets: traditional establishment conservatives ( Paul Ryan , John Kasich , Jeb Bush , and the Club for Growth ), the [PAR] \"Religious Right\" ( Mike Huckabee , Mike Pence , and the Family Research Council ), libertarians ( Rand Paul and the Campaign for Liberty ), the \"paleo-conservative\" wing that backs strict anti-immigration controls ( Steve King ), the rapidly dwindling \"centrist\" or \"moderate\" wing ( Mark Kirk , Larry Hogan and Charlie Baker ), and the powerful firebrand \"Tea Party\" movement ( Ted Cruz , Jim Jordan , Mike Lee ). President Donald Trump , however, is a political nationalist and economic populist who does not fit neatly into any of these traditional GOP factions, and in fact handily vanquished 2016 nomination rivals from each of the various other wings of the party. Official, affiliated national GOP sites include: [PAR] THE \"BIG THREE\" THIRD PARTIES: [PAR] (Based upon vote performance over past two election cycles and ballot access) [PAR] CONSTITUTION PARTY - The Constitution Party is strongly pro-life, anti-gun control, anti-tax, anti-immigration, trade protectionist, \"anti-New World Order,\" anti-United Nations, anti-gay rights, anti-welfare, and pro-school prayer. Former Nixon Administration official and one-time Conservative Coalition chair Howard Phillips founded the party, originally named the US Taxpayers Party (USTP), in 1992. The USTP renamed itself the Constitution [PAR] Party in 1999. The party has fielded presidential tickets since 1992 and congressional and state candidates since 1994 (but only in a small number of states). The party received a brief boost in the media when conservative US Senator Bob Smith of New Hampshire -- an announced GOP Presidential hopeful -- bolted from the Republican Party to seek the Constitution Party nomination in 2000 (but the erratic Smith quit the Constitution Party race a few weeks later and rejoined the GOP). At the 1999 national convention, the party narrowly adopted a controversial change to the platform's preamble which declared \"that the foundation of our political position and moving principle of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEM - Roger Darlington British political system [PAR] Back to home page click here [PAR] A SHORT GUIDE TO THE [PAR] BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEM [PAR] Constitutional And Political Reform [PAR] A VERY, VERY SHORT HISTORY [PAR] To understand fully any country's political system, one needs to understand something of its history. This is especially true of the United Kingdom because its history has been very different from most other nations and, as a result, its political system is very different from most other nations too. [PAR] Like its (unwritten) constitution, the British state evolved over time. We probably need to start in 1066 when William the Conqueror from Normandy invaded what we now call England, defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold and established a Norman dynasty. The Normans were not satisfied with conquering England and, over the next few centuries, tried to conquer Ireland, Wales and Scotland. They succeeded with the first two and failed with the last despite several wars over the centuries. [PAR] By one of those ironical twists of history, when Queen Elizabeth of England died in 1603, she was succeeded by her cousin James VI, King of Scots who promptly decamped from Edinburgh and settled in London as King James I of England while keeping his Scots title and running Scotland by remote control. Regal pickings were more lucrative in his southern capital. [PAR] A century later the Scottish economic and political elite bankrupted themselves on the Darien Scheme and agreed to a scheme of Union between England and Scotland to make themselves solvent again and so Great Britain with one Parliament based in London came into being. The Irish parliament was abolished in 1801 with Ireland returning members to Westminster and the new political entity was the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The southern (Catholic) Irish never reconciled themselves to being ruled by the English and rebelled in 1916 and gained independence in 1922. The northern (Protestant) Irish did not want independence and so the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland arrived. Not a snappy name. [PAR] Meanwhile, although the Normans were the last to mount a successful invasion of the country, there were plenty of other plans to conquer the nation, notably the Spanish under King Philip II in 1588, the French under Napoleon in 1803-1805, and the Germans under Hitler in 1940. None succeeeded. [PAR] Furthermore, in recent centuries, Britain has not had a revolution of the kind experienced by so many other countries. Some might argue that the English Civil War (1642-1651) was the nation's revolution and - athough it was three and a half centuries ago - it did bring about a major shift in power, but the main constitutional consequence - the abolition of the monarchy - only lasted 11 years and the Restoration of the Monarchy has so far lasted 350 years (although it is now, of course, a very different monarchy). There was a time in British history which we call the Glorious Revolution (1688) but it was a very English revolution, in the sense that nobody died, if a rather Dutch revolution in that it saw William of Orange take the throne. [PAR] So the British have never had anything equivalent to the American Revolution or the French Revolution, they have not been colonised in a millennium but rather been the greatest colonisers in history, and in neither of the two world wars were they invaded or occupied. [PAR] HOW HISTORY HAS SHAPED THE POLITICAL SYSTEM [PAR] The single most important fact in understanding the nature of the British political"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Robert Peel - BBC History BBC - History - Sir Robert Peel [PAR] z [PAR] Sir Robert Peel \u00a9 Peel was twice British prime minister and his period in government saw landmark social reforms and the repeal of the Corn Laws. [PAR] Robert Peel was born on 5 February 1788 in Bury, Lancashire. His father was a wealthy cotton mill owner, and Peel was educated at Harrow and Oxford, entering parliament as a Tory in 1809. His early political career included appointments as under-secretary for war and colonies (1809) and chief secretary for Ireland (1812). In 1822, he become home secretary, and introduced far-ranging criminal law and prison reform as well as creating the Metropolitan Police - the terms 'bobbies' and 'peelers' come from his name. [PAR] The Wellington government in which Peel had been home secretary fell in 1830, and Peel was now in opposition to a new administration, headed by Earl Grey. Peel argued passionately against Grey's proposals for parliamentary reform. Nonetheless, in 1832 the Reform Act was passed. [PAR] The Whig Government of Earl Grey was dismissed in 1834 by William IV, who appointed Peel as the new prime minister. In his Tamworth Manifesto, Peel outlined his support for the Reform Act, a shift which highlighted his adoption of a more enlightened Conservatism. Although in power, Peel's Tories remained a minority in the House of Commons, a situation which Peel found increasingly intolerable, and he resigned in 1835. [PAR] In 1841, Peel again formed a Conservative administration, and it was during this government that he oversaw the introduction of significant legislation such as the Mines Act of 1842, which forbade the employment of women and children underground and the Factory Act of 1844, which limited working hours for children and women in factories. In 1845, Peel faced the defining challenge of his career, when he attempted to repeal the Corn Laws which had been introduced to protect British agriculture. This was triggered by the need to free up more food for Ireland, where a potato famine was raging. Landowners resisted in the House of Commons what they perceived as an attack on their interests. Peel's Conservative Party would not support him, and the debate lasted for months. Eventually, in June 1846, with support from the Whigs and the Radicals, the Corn Laws were repealed. On the same day, Peel was defeated on another bill, and resigned. He never held office again. [PAR] Four years later, Peel was badly injured after falling from his horse and died on 2 July 1850 in London."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heroes of the Games: A-E (From Evening Times) Heroes of the Games: A-E (From Evening Times) [PAR] Here's A-E in our guide to the Heroes of the Commonwealth Games. [PAR] John Akii-Bua [PAR] John Akii-Bua, Uganda's first Olympic champion, was supposedly born in a family of 43 children, and his father had 8 different wives. Several of his siblings were also good athletes, including his brother Lawrence Ogwang. [PAR] Akii-Bua himself started out as a high hurdler, but failed to make the 1968 Olympics. He then tried out the longer hurdles race as well, qualifying for both events at the 1970 Commonwealth Games. [PAR] In Edinburgh, he fared much better in the 400m, and placed 4th. He switched focus to this discipline, and soon became a top runner, winning his event at a 1971 USSR-USA country match as a guest runner. [PAR] At the Munich Olympics, he was unlucky to draw lane one in the final, yet managed to break the world record and win the gold in 47.82 seconds. [PAR] Akii-Bua was unable to defend his title, as Uganda boycotted the 1976 Olympics like most African nations, and he was past his prime at the 1980 Games, when he was eliminated in the semi-finals. By then, he was living in West Germany, having fled Uganda following the overthrow of dictator Idi Amin. He returned to his native country in 1983, and eventually started working for the police, where he had also worked after his Olympic title. [PAR] Personal Bests: 400 - 45.82 (1976); 400H - 47.82 (1972) [PAR] Jim Alder [PAR] Jim Alder is one of the most successful Scottish endurance runners ever. In the Commonwealth Games in Jamaica Alder was third in the 10,000m and then followed this up with marathon gold after one of the most dramatic finishes imaginable. [PAR] Leading to the Stadium Alder found that the stewards outside the arena had gone inside to have a look at the Duke of Edinburgh and, as a result, he over ran the entrance. Bill Adcocks, who was following, went in the right entrance and was ahead of Jim. Dunky Wright shouted to Jim and got him into the stadium while Bill was on the track and Jim managed to catch him and win. [PAR] 1966: Commonwealth Games Jamaica Marathon Gold [PAR] 1966: Commonwealth Games Jamaica 6 Miles Bronze [PAR] 1970: Commonwealth Games Edinburgh Marathon Silver [PAR] 1969: European Championships Athens Marathon Bronze [PAR] 1964: World Record Holder 30,000 metres [PAR] 1970: World Record Holder 30,000 metres [PAR] 1964: World Best Performance for 2 Hours [PAR] 1970: British Record Holder 20,000metres [PAR] Note: Not all distances are recognised as World Records [PAR] Jim also narrowly missed World Best for 25,000 metres by 2 seconds. However, he broke the World Best for 20,000 metres en-route to 30,000 metres World Best and narrowly missed British Record for 10,000 metres by 6/10 of a second in a race won by over half a lap. [PAR] In summary Jim has held every distance record from 10,000 metres to marathon. [PAR] Filbert Bayi [PAR] Filbert Bayi (born June 23, 1953) is a former Tanzanian middle-distance runner of the 1970s who set the world records for 1,500 metres in 1974 and the mile in 1975. He is still the 1,500m Commonwealth Games record holder. [PAR] The men's 1,500m final was run on the last day of the 1974 Christchurch Commonwealth Games. Bayi, the runaway leader, set a new world record of 3 minutes 32.16 seconds. New Zealander John Walker came close to catching Bayi and also broke Jim Ryun's world record. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apartheid - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Apartheid - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] After the National Party gained power in South Africa in 1948, its all-white government immediately began enforcing existing policies of racial segregation under a system of legislation that it called apartheid. Under apartheid, nonwhite South Africans (a majority of the population) would be forced to live in separate areas from whites and use separate public facilities, and contact between the two groups would be limited. Despite strong and consistent opposition to apartheid within and outside of South Africa, its laws remained in effect for the better part of 50 years. In 1991, the government of President F.W. de Klerk began to repeal most of the legislation that provided the basis for apartheid. [PAR] \u2039 \u203a [PAR] Google [PAR] Birth of Apartheid [PAR] Racial segregation and white supremacy had become central aspects of South African policy long before apartheid began. The controversial 1913 Land Act, passed three years after South Africa gained its independence, marked the beginning of territorial segregation by forcing black Africans to live in reserves and making it illegal for them to work as sharecroppers. Opponents of the Land Act formed the South African National Native Congress, which would become the African National Congress (ANC). [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] ANC leader Nelson Mandela, released from prison in February 1990, worked closely with President F.W. de Klerk's government to draw up a new constitution for South Africa. After both sides made concessions, they reached agreement in 1993, and would share the Nobel Peace Prize that year for their efforts. [PAR] The Great Depression and World War II brought increasing economic woes to South Africa, and convinced the government to strengthen its policies of racial segregation. In 1948, the Afrikaner National Party won the general election under the slogan \u201capartheid\u201d (literally \u201cseparateness\u201d). Their goal was not only to separate South Africa\u2019s white minority from its non-white majority, but also to separate non-whites from each other, and to divide black South Africans along tribal lines in order to decrease their political power. [PAR] Apartheid Becomes Law [PAR] By 1950, the government had banned marriages between whites and people of other races, and prohibited sexual relations between black and white South Africans. The Population Registration Act of 1950 provided the basic framework for apartheid by classifying all South Africans by race, including Bantu (black Africans), Coloured (mixed race) and white. A fourth category, Asian (meaning Indian and Pakistani) was later added. In some cases, the legislation split families; parents could be classified as white, while their children were classified as colored. [PAR] A series of Land Acts set aside more than 80 percent of the country\u2019s land for the white minority, and \u201cpass laws\u201d required non-whites to carry documents authorizing their presence in restricted areas. In order to limit contact between the races, the government established separate public facilities for whites and non-whites, limited the activity of nonwhite labor unions and denied non-white participation in national government. [PAR] Apartheid and Separate Development [PAR] Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, who became prime minister in 1958, would refine apartheid policy further into a system he referred to as \u201cseparate development.\u201d The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959 created 10 Bantu homelands known as Bantustans. Separating black South Africans from each other enabled the government to claim there was no black majority, and reduced the possibility that blacks would unify into one nationalist organization. Every black South African was designated as a citizen as one of the Bantustans, a system that supposedly gave"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nazis - A Short History of the Nazi Party Nazis - A Short History of the Nazi Party [PAR] The Nazis [PAR] A Short History of the Nazi Party [PAR] Adolf Hitler poses with a group of Nazis soon after his appointment as Chancellor. (Picture courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.) [PAR] By Jennifer L. Goss, Contributing Writer [PAR] Updated March 29, 2016. [PAR] The Nazi Party was a political party in Germany, led by Adolf Hitler from 1921 to 1945, whose central tenets included the supremacy of the Aryan people and blaming Jews and others for the problems within Germany. These extreme beliefs eventually led to World War II and the Holocaust . At the end of World War II, the Nazi Party was declared illegal by the occupying Allied Powers and officially ceased to exist in May 1945. [PAR] (The name \u201cNazi\u201d is actually a shortened version of the party\u2019s full name: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP, which translates to \u201cNational Socialist German Workers\u2019 Party.\u201d) [PAR] Party Beginnings [PAR] In the immediate post-World-War-I period, Germany was the scene of widespread political infighting between groups representing the far left and far right. The Weimar Republic (the name of the German government from the end of WWI to 1933) was struggling as a result of its tarnished birth accompanied by the Treaty of Versailles and the fringe groups sought to take advantage of this political unrest. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Adolf Hitler [PAR] It was in this environment that a locksmith, Anton Drexler , joined together with his journalist friend, Karl Harrer, and two other individuals (journalist Dietrich Eckhart and German economist Gottfried Feder ) to create a right-wing political party, the German Workers\u2019 Party, on January 5, 1919. The party\u2019s founders had strong anti-Semitic and nationalist underpinnings and sought to promote a paramilitary Friekorps culture that would target the scourge of communism. [PAR] Adolf Hitler Joins the Party [PAR] After his service in the German Army (Reichswehr) during World War I , Adolf Hitler had difficulty re-integrating into civilian society. He eagerly accepted a job serving the Army as a civilian spy and informant, a task that required him to attend meetings of German political parties identified as subversive by the newly formed Weimar government. [PAR] This job appealed to Hitler, particularly because it allowed him to feel that was still serving a purpose to the military for which he would have eagerly given his life. On September 12, 1919, this position took him to a meeting of the German Worker\u2019s Party (DAP). [PAR] Hitler\u2019s superiors had previously instructed him to remain quiet and simply attend these meetings as a non-descript observer, a role he was able to accomplish with success until this meeting. Following a discussion on Feder\u2019s views against capitalism, an audience member questioned Feder and Hitler quickly rose to his defense. [PAR] No longer anonymous, Hitler was approached after the meeting by Drexler who asked Hitler to join the party. Hitler accepted, resigned from his position with the Reichswehr and became member #555 of the German Worker\u2019s Party. (In reality, Hitler was the 55th member, Drexler added the 5 prefix to the early membership cards to make the party appear larger than it was in those years.) [PAR] Hitler Becomes Party Leader [PAR] Hitler quickly became a force to be reckoned with in the party. He was appointed to be a member of the party\u2019s central committee and in January 1920, he was appointed by Drexler to be the party\u2019s Chief of Propaganda. [PAR] A month later, Hitler organized a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How do I register to vote? - UK Parliament How do I register to vote? - UK Parliament [PAR] How do I register to vote? [PAR] Referendums in the UK [PAR] How do I register to vote? [PAR] You need to register before you can vote in UK elections. The different ways you can register to vote are listed below. [PAR] Registering in England, Scotland and Wales [PAR] Register online [PAR] You will need your National Insurance number (if you have one). [PAR] Register by post [PAR] Who can register to vote? [PAR] You can register to vote if you are: [PAR] 16 years old or over (but you cannot vote until you are 18 years old) [PAR] A British citizen [PAR] An Irish, Commonwealth or European Union citizen who is resident in the UK [PAR] Citizens of the European Union who are not Commonwealth citizens can vote in European and local elections in the UK, but are not able to vote in UK general elections. [PAR] Overseas and service voters [PAR] About My Vote: Armed Forces (external site) [PAR] When can I register to vote? [PAR] You can register to vote , or change your address on the electoral register, at any time throughout the year. [PAR] However, if you are seeking to vote in a specific election there will be a deadline by which you must have registered that will be determined by when that election is to be held. [PAR] Am I already registered to vote? [PAR] To find out whether or not you are registered to vote, you need to contact your Electoral Registration Officer. You can find their details by entering your postcode on the About My Vote website . [PAR] Further information [PAR] More information on how to register to vote can be found on the Electoral Commission website or the About My Vote website . [PAR] Image: iStock [PAR] Electoral Commission [PAR] The Electoral Commission is an independent body, accountable directly to the UK Parliament, that regulates elections in the UK, promotes voter awareness and works to build confidence in the electoral process. [PAR] Parliament is not responsible for the content of external websites. [PAR] Video: how the General Election works in nearly 60 seconds [PAR] Watch video on YouTube [PAR] Living Heritage [PAR] Before 1918 no women were allowed to vote in parliamentary elections. Discover how the right to vote was extended to different sectors of society over the years.[DOC] [TLE] Electoral Commission | Who is eligible to vote at a UK ... Electoral Commission | Who is eligible to vote at a UK general election? [PAR] Who is eligible to vote at a UK general election? [PAR] Who is eligible to vote at a UK general election? [PAR] In England, Scotland or Wales, you can register to vote online at gov.uk/register-to-vote . [PAR] In Northern Ireland, visit our Register to vote in Northern Ireland page to download a registration form .To vote in a UK general election a person must be registered to vote and also [PAR] 18 or over [PAR] be a British citizen, a qualifying Commonwealth citizen or a citizen of the Republic of Ireland [PAR] not be subject to any legal incapacity to vote [PAR] Additionally, the following cannot vote in a UK general election: [PAR] members of the House of Lords (although they can vote at elections to local authorities, devolved legislatures and the European Parliament) [PAR] EU citizens resident in the UK (although they can vote at elections to local authorities, devolved legislatures and the European Parliament) [PAR] anyone other than British, Irish and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many readings does an act of Parliament have in the House How many readings does an act of Parliament have in the House ofCommons before being given royal assent? [PAR] Sign up [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] How many readings does an act of Parliament have in the House ofCommons before being given royal assent? [PAR] This question was answered on May 22, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] How many readings does an act of Parliament have in the House ofCommons before being given royal assent? [PAR] torestutor200 posted a question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 1:38am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] This relief fragment depicts one of the many wives of ________________, and is one of the only surviving pieces from his funerary complex at Deir el-Bahri. [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an Ancient History tutor? [PAR] brightkesenwa [PAR] 44 Ancient History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 1 min [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Karl Marx - Harley Karl Marx [PAR] FAQ | Site Map [PAR] Karl Marx [PAR] The German philosopher Karl Marx (1818-1883) was one of the most influential political writers in history. Indeed, in the last half of the twentieth century, almost half the people in the world lived in countries governed by principles based on Marx's work. [PAR] To understand the scope and importance of Marx, we must look to his childhood and to the political situation of his time. Marx grew up in a learned family that prized education. In fact, he came from a long line of rabbis on both sides of the family. In 1835, at the age of 17, Marx went to the University of Bonn to study law. However, Marx's father felt his son should go to a more serious school so, a year later, Marx was sent to the University of Berlin where he studied for four years. [PAR] Even as a young man, Marx had a thoughtful, philosophical bent. When he was 17 years old, he wrote a letter to his father, in which he pondered the choices that a young person must make when choosing a profession: [PAR] \"...But the chief guide which must direct us in the choice of a profession is the welfare of mankind and our own perfection. It should not be thought that these two interests could be in conflict, that one would have to destroy the other; on the contrary, Man's nature is so constituted that he can attain his own perfection only by working for the perfection, for the good, of his fellow men. If he works only for himself, he may perhaps become a famous man of learning, a great sage, an excellent poet, but he can never be a perfect, truly great man.\" [PAR] I have quoted from this letter at such length to show you that Marx was much more than a political philosopher. As he grew older, he developed into a highly educated economist, a historian, a social scientist and, eventually, a revolutionary. [PAR] In October 1842, not long after finishing his formal education, Marx began to edit a 4-month old liberal newspaper, \"Rheinische Zeitung\", in the Prussian city of Cologne. (At the time, Prussia was an independent kingdom, the largest and most important of the Germanic states.) [PAR] Up to now, Marx had looked at the study of the law only as an academic pursuit. However, \"Rheinische Zeitung\" was an outlet for the region's middle class and intellectuals, people who were strongly opposed to Prussian authoritarianism. As editor, Marx was obliged -- for the first time in his life -- to confront legal and political issues from a practical viewpoint. This led him to turn his attention to economics and, within a short time, he began to develop a progressive, anti- authoritarian philosophy. [PAR] In November of 1842, Marx met Friedrich Engels, a German writer who was visiting the newspaper on his way to England. Marx and Engels began to collaborate, the start of a fruitful and stimulating partnership that was to last the rest of their lives. Under Marx's guidance and Engels' influence, the newspaper became more and more radical. In March 1843, Marx was forced to resign and, two weeks later, the Prussian government closed down the paper. [PAR] Marx then traveled to Paris, where he became involved with working-class, socialist groups. At the end of 1844, he was expelled from Paris, and he and Engels went to Brussels, where they stayed for three years. During this interval, Marx devoted himself to an intensive study of history,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] F. W. De Klerk - South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid [PAR] South African President and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate with Nelson Mandela. [PAR] Early life [PAR] F. W. de Klerk was born in Johannesburg on 18 March 1936. F.W. de Klerk grew up in a political family, with both his father and grandfather serving high office. His father, Jan de Klerk, was a Cabinet Minister and the President of the South African Senate. In this political environment he learned the essential importance of timing. His brother is Dr Willem (Wimpie) de Klerk, a political analyst and one of the founders of the Democratic Party. [PAR] After finishing school in Krugersdorp, F.W. de Klerk graduated in 1958 from Potchefstroom University with BA and Ll.B degrees (the latter cum laude). At the same time he was awarded the Abe Bailey scholarship (an all-expenses paid educational tour to the United Kingdom). In 1969 he married Marike Willemse, with whom he had two sons and a daughter. [PAR] Political career [PAR] From 1961-1972 de Klerk practiced as an attorney in Vereeniging. During this time, he played an active part in Nationalist Party politics and in local educational affairs. He was offered the chair of Administrative Law at Potchefstroom University, but declined the position when he was elected Member of Parliament for Vereeniging in November 1972. [PAR] In 1975 he became information officer of the Transvaal National Party. He held several ministerial positions in the Cabinet of President P.W. Botha, including Minister of Post and Telecommunications and Sport and Recreation (1978-1979); Mines, Energy and Environmental Planning (1979-1980); Mineral and Energy Affairs (1980-1982); Internal Affairs (1982-1985); and National Education and Planning (1984-1989). In 1982 he became the Transvaal leader of the National Party after Dr Andries Treurnicht quit the party. In 1985 he was appointed chairman of the Ministers\u2019 Council in the House of Assembly and in 1986 he became the House\u2019s leader. When P.W. Botha resigned as leader of the National Party in February 1989, he was succeeded by de Klerk. In September he was elected the new State President. He soon announced his policy of reform: he hoped to create a suitable climate for negotiations which would end apartheid and bring about a new Constitutional dispensation for South Africa, based on the principle of one person, one vote. [PAR] The 1990 reforms [PAR] In December 1989, de Klerk met with the imprisoned leader of the African National Congress (ANC), Nelson Mandela. On 2 February 1990, de Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC, the South African Communist Party (SACP) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). On 11 February Mandela was released. Negotiations with Mandela and other party leaders were held for the peaceful end of apartheid and transition to democratic rule. In 1993, De Klerk and Mandela were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts at reform in South Africa. [PAR] After 1994. After the 1994 elections, De Klerk was appointed the Second Vice President in President Mandela\u2019s cabinet. In 1996 and other National Party members withdrew from their cabinet posts in order to establish the National Party as an effective opposition to the ANC. In 1997 De Klerk retired from politics.[DOC] [TLE] Frederik Willem de Klerk | South African History Online Frederik Willem de Klerk | South African History Online [PAR] South African History Online [PAR] Home \u00bb Biographies \u00bb Frederik Willem de Klerk [PAR] Frederik Willem de Klerk [PAR] Posted by Anonymous (not verified) on [PAR] People category: [PAR] Biographical information [PAR] Synopsis: [PAR] State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994. In 1990 he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Labour MP Nigel Griffiths to quit at election BBC News - Labour MP Nigel Griffiths to quit at election [PAR] Labour MP Nigel Griffiths to quit at election [PAR] Nigel Griffiths has been the Edinburgh South MP for 23 years [PAR] Former Labour minister Nigel Griffiths has announced he will quit as MP for Edinburgh South at the next election. [PAR] Mr Griffiths, who has held the marginal seat for 23 years, said he was leaving the Commons to take up a \"once in a lifetime job offer\". [PAR] The politician was recently hit with allegations concerning his private life and the Westminster expenses scandal. [PAR] The announcement brings the number of Scottish Labour MPs stepping down so far to nine. [PAR] Meanwhile, former West Lothian Council leader Graeme Morrice has been selected as the Labour candidate in Livingston, after sitting MP Jim Devine was deselected by the party's special endorsement panel following a probe of his expenses claims. [PAR] Brian Taylor [PAR] Political editor [PAR] There is always churn at election time, but it does look as if the turnover will be substantial this time around. [PAR] Thus far, nine Scottish Labour MPs are retiring/departing before a vote is cast. [PAR] One Lib Dem, John Barrett, has announced that he is to go. [PAR] The SNP's cohort - with the exception of Alex Salmond - are all seeking re-election as is the solitary Tory. [PAR] Read Brian Taylor's blog [PAR] Labour MSP Cathy Jamieson, the former Scottish justice minister, will fight Kilmarnock and Loudoun after former defence and Scottish secretary Des Browne announced he was quitting the seat. [PAR] And former civil servant and trade union official Michael McCann has been unveiled as the Labour candidate in East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow, after former defence minister Adam Ingram also decided to quit as the sitting MP. [PAR] Labour paid tribute to Mr Griffiths as one of Scotland's most experienced parliamentarians. [PAR] And the party moved quickly to declare Labour support in Edinburgh South - which is being targeted by the other main parties in the forthcoming election - was \"strong and growing\". [PAR] Mr Griffiths, whose new post as director of an international education institution based in London, the United States and India, starts in June, said he firmly believed Labour would hold the seat. [PAR] The former councillor said: \"After 30 years of continuously elected service in Edinburgh, this is a once in a lifetime opportunity. [PAR] \"It would not be right to delay accepting this position, since I want to give the party time to select a new candidate to fight the forthcoming election.\" [PAR] Trident protest [PAR] Mr Griffiths, a long-time friend of Gordon Brown, last year escaped a standards investigation after the News of the World reported he cheated on his wife inside the House of Commons. [PAR] In a statement following the newspaper's account of events on Remembrance Day in 2008 he said at the time: \"I am, of course, ashamed that my conduct did fall below acceptable standards. I have little recollection of the evening but that does not make it right.\" [PAR] Last summer it was reported Mr Griffiths tried to defend a \u00a33,600 claim for a television, DVD player and digital radio in his London home by saying he had to listen to \"Scottish radio\" and watch \"Scottish TV\". [PAR] He was said to have told the Commons fees office a flat-screen television was the \"sensible option\" in a cramped flat, but did not pursue the claim after being told that, while the explanation was understandable,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who played the part of Piers Fletcher Dervish, personal ... Who played the part of Piers Fletcher Dervish, personal assistant to MP Alan B'stard, in the television comedy series The New Statesman? [PAR] Sign up [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Who played the part of Piers Fletcher Dervish, personal assistant to MP Alan B'stard, in the television comedy series The New Statesman? [PAR] This question was answered on May 22, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Who played the part of Piers Fletcher Dervish, personal assistant to MP Alan B'stard, in the television comedy series The New Statesman? [PAR] veterantutor62 posted a question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:19am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:20am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Michael Troughton (born 2 March 1955) is an English actor, writer, and teacher. He is the son of actor Patrick Troughton (known as the Second Doctor in Doctor Who in the 1960s) and the younger brother of David Troughton. [PAR] Yati1987 [PAR] May 22, 2016 at 10:21am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666349) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Go back a bit and explore part of the 1890s. What was the significance of the Spanish-American War in the debate over imperialism? What impression did you get [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an US History tutor? [PAR] mathtutor1983 [PAR] 2 US History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Ewart Gladstone | prime minister of United Kingdom ... William Ewart Gladstone | prime minister of United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of United Kingdom [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Prime minister of United Kingdom [PAR] born [PAR] William Ewart Gladstone, (born December 29, 1809, Liverpool , England \u2014died May 19, 1898, Hawarden , Flintshire, Wales ), statesman and four-time prime minister of Great Britain (1868\u201374, 1880\u201385, 1886, 1892\u201394). [PAR] William E. Gladstone. [PAR] Culver Pictures [PAR] Early life [PAR] Gladstone was of purely Scottish descent. His father, John, made himself a merchant prince and was a member of Parliament (1818\u201327). Gladstone was sent to Eton, where he did not particularly distinguish himself. At Christ Church, Oxford, in 1831 he secured first classes in classics and mathematics. [PAR] He originally intended to take orders in the Church of England , but his father dissuaded him. He mistrusted parliamentary reform; his speech against it in May 1831 at the Oxford Union, of which he had been president, made a strong impression. One of his Christ Church friends, the son of the Duke of Newcastle, persuaded the Duke to support Gladstone as candidate for Parliament for Newark in the general election of December 1832; and the \u201cGrand Old Man\u201d of Liberalism thus began his parliamentary career as a Tory member. [PAR] His maiden speech on June 3, 1833, made a decided mark. He held minor office in Sir Robert Peel\u2019s short government of 1834\u201335, first at the treasury, then as undersecretary for the colonies. [PAR] United Kingdom: Gladstone and Disraeli [PAR] In July 1839 he married Catherine, the daughter of Sir Stephen Glynne of Hawarden, near Chester. A woman of lively wit, complete discretion, and exceptional charm, she was utterly devoted to her husband, to whom she bore eight children. This marriage gave him a secure base of personal happiness for the rest of his life. It also established him in the aristocratic governing class of the time. [PAR] The influence of Peel [PAR] Gladstone\u2019s early parliamentary performances were strongly Tory; but time after time contact with the effects of Tory policy forced him to take a more liberal view. His conversion from conservatism to liberalism took place in prolonged stages, over a generation. Peel made Gladstone vice president of the Board of Trade , and Gladstone\u2019s application astonished even hardworking colleagues. [PAR] He embarked on a major simplification of the tariff and became a more thoroughgoing free trader than Peel. In 1843 he entered the Cabinet as president of the Board of Trade. His Railway Act of 1844 set up minimum requirements for railroad companies and provided for eventual state purchase of railway lines. Gladstone also much improved working conditions for London dock workers. Early in 1845, when the Cabinet proposed to increase a state grant to the Irish Roman Catholic college at Maynooth, Gladstone resigned\u2014not because he did not approve of the increase but because it went against views he had published seven years before. Later in 1845 he rejoined the Cabinet as secretary of state for the colonies, until the government fell in 1846. While at the Colonial Office, he was led nearer to Liberalism by being forced to consider the claims of English-speaking colonists to govern themselves. [PAR] Private preoccupations [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] The Glynne family estates were deeply involved in the financial panic of 1847. For several years Gladstone was concerned with extricating them. He began charitable work, which was open to a great deal of misinterpretation; he often tried to persuade prostitutes to enter a \u201crescue\u201d home that he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher obituary: The most divisive political ... Margaret Thatcher obituary: The most divisive political leader of modern times | The Independent [PAR] Margaret Thatcher obituary: The most divisive political leader of modern times [PAR] Her outsider\u2019s mentality made her admired \u2013 worshipped, almost \u2013 by members of the Conservative Party [PAR] Monday 8 April 2013 17:06 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Baroness Margaret Thatcher arriving for the Passing of the World War One Generation Memorial Service on Armistice Day EPA [PAR] There has been no other leader quite like Margaret Thatcher in post-war Britain. No other post-war Prime Minister has been so admired, or so reviled. She was the first woman to lead a major political party in Britain, the longest-serving Prime Minister of the 20th century, and almost the only Prime Minister whose name is synonymous with an ideology. \"Thatcherism\" remained in political diction when the holder of that name was an elderly frail, lonely widow. [PAR] She was never much loved, though she would have liked to have been. She believed that she had a direct line to the British people, or at least the section of it from which she sprang: the hardworking, law-abiding, self-denying lower middle class. Although she dominated her party and the government machine, her self-image was of an outsider battling with an inert establishment. Evening visitors to the flat above Downing Street would sometimes find her and her husband, Denis, watching the news, and grumbling about the state of the nation, wanting something done. [PAR] This outsider's mentality made her admired - worshipped, almost - by members of the Conservative Party and its core supporters. Others felt grudging respect for her immense willpower. Even the satirists who thrived during the Thatcher years unwittingly enhanced the very reputation that they were mocking. One famous Spitting Image sketch showed Thatcher settling down to dinner with a collection of half-witted Cabinet ministers. Approached by the waiter, she ordered raw steak. \"And what about the vegetables?\" she is asked, to which she replied: \"They'll have the same.\" Jokes such as this only reinforced her image as a strong leader. She was also lucky in the choice of enemies that fate threw in her path - the Kremlin, Argentina's General Galtieri, and the miners' leader, Arthur Scargill, all unwittingly helped her from success to success. [PAR] But to a very large minority of Britons - if not the majority - she was an increasingly unappealing embodiment of unfeeling middle-class self-righteousness. While it was her hostility to her fellow Europeans that most damaged her relations with senior Cabinet colleagues, what turned the public against her was the apparent glee with which she rode roughshod over sections of society, such as the miners and the unemployed. [PAR] Margaret Roberts was born in 1925, the second daughter of Alfred and Beatrice Roberts, in Grantham, Lincolnshire. Her father, a local grocer, was a member of the local council and became Mayor of Grantham in 1945. The family was Methodist, austere, and teetotal. They usually attended church three times on a Sunday. Though Alfred Roberts owned two shops and employed five assistants, there was no hot running water or inside lavatory in the family flat. [PAR] Later, it would be much commented on that Thatcher's Who's Who entry identified her as her father's daughter, but did not mention her mother. Similarly, neither her mother nor her sister, Muriel, featured in her lengthy memoirs, in which she pays tribute to her father, a shoemaker's son, as the person from whom she learnt \"the basis for my"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Publications & records - UK Parliament Publications & records - UK Parliament [PAR] Publications & records [PAR] Produced by Commons Library, Lords Library and Parliamentary Office Science and Technology [PAR] The UK\u2019s EU referendum 2016 explained [PAR] Four staff networks for people to discuss and consider issues. [PAR] Working in Parliament [PAR] Find and register for Parliament's free events and training sessions [PAR] Have your say [PAR] See some of the sights you\u2019ll encounter on a tour of Parliament [PAR] Planning an event? [PAR] Publications & records [PAR] Publications & records [PAR] See what is happening today in both Houses, read previous debates in Hansard and get the latest select committee reports. Explore research from the parliamentary libraries and find out how to access the archives."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which British minister of health inaugurated the National ... Which British minister of health inaugurated the National Health Service? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which British minister of health inaugurated the National Health Service? [PAR] This question was answered on May 22, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which British minister of health inaugurated the National Health Service? [PAR] .__________________________________________ [PAR] jebiiwriter43 posted a question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:25am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Please see the attached... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666450) ]} [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:27am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Aneurin Bevan; 15 November 1897 \u2013 6 July 1960), often known as Nye Bevan, was a Welsh Labour Party politician who was the... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666484) ]} [PAR] The answer to this question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666496) ]} [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29674566) ]} [PAR] Need an Ancient History tutor? [PAR] brightkesenwa [PAR] 41 Ancient History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 1 min [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] BBC - Archive - Birth of the National Health Service ... BBC - Archive - Birth of the National Health Service - Bevan, Rt Hon Minister of Health [PAR] Birth of the National Health Service | The early history of the NHS [PAR] Bevan, Rt Hon Minister of Health [PAR] One year after its introduction, the founder speaks on the Health Service. [PAR] FIRST BROADCAST | 06 October 1949 [PAR] DURATION | 2 minutes 11 seconds [PAR] FIRSTBROADCAST [PAR] 1949 [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Speaking at a press conference, Aneurin Bevan (pictured) acknowledges the problems encountered since the implementation of a National Health Service, including increasing demands on medical staff and facilities. But, in spite of the doubts and controversies, the popularity of the service reflected the fact that there was an overwhelming need for it. [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] Bevan was born into a mining family in November 1897 in South Wales. At the age of 13 he worked in a colliery, but due to a health problem he was forced to leave. Eventually he entered politics, becoming Minister of Health in Attlee's Labour government in 1945. He resigned in 1951 over the government's defence and foreign policies, which required a decrease in social expenditure. He overcame a speech impediment to become a public figure who was described as one of the greatest orators of the time. [PAR] Contributors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name for the group of opposition spokesmen who What is the name for the group of opposition spokesmen who comment on the policies of government ministers? [PAR] Sign up [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] What is the name for the group of opposition spokesmen who comment on the policies of government ministers? [PAR] This question was answered on May 22, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] What is the name for the group of opposition spokesmen who comment on the policies of government ministers? [PAR] oldprincetutor51 posted a question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:32am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:33am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] 1 comment [PAR] The Shadow Cabinet is a feature of the Westminster system of government. It consists of a senior group of opposition spokespeople who, under the leadership of the Leader of the Opposition, form an alternative cabinet to that of the government, and whose members shadow or mark each individual member of the Cabinet.[1] Members of a shadow cabinet are often but not always appointed to a Cabinet post if and when their party gets into government. It is the Shadow Cabinet's responsibility to criticise the policies and actions of the government, as well as offering an alternative program. [PAR] Yati1987 [PAR] May 22, 2016 at 10:33am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666534) ]}"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was \"Britain's first ever Labour prime minister in 1924? Who was &quot;Britain's first ever Labour prime minister in 1924? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Who was &quot;Britain's first ever Labour prime minister in 1924? [PAR] This question was answered on May 22, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Who was \"Britain's first ever Labour prime minister in 1924? [PAR] longman86 posted a question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:35am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666574) ]} [PAR] josewriter23 answered the question \u00b7 May 22, 2016 at 10:35am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] Here is the explanation for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666570) ]} [PAR] 1 comment [PAR] James Ramsay MacDonald, FRS[1] (12 October 1866 \u2013 9 November 1937) was a British statesman who was the first Labour Party Prime Minister, leading a Labour Government in 1924, a Labour Government from 1929 to 1931, and a National Government from 1931 to 1935. [PAR] Yati1987 [PAR] May 22, 2016 at 10:36am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666575) ]} [PAR] Here is a detailed explanation... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666579) ]} [PAR] Ramsay MacDonald In office... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29666603) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Who is the first US president? How old was he when he became a president? [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need an Ancient History tutor? [PAR] rahulbansal [PAR] 29 Ancient History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 1 min [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] What\u2019s the Context? 22 January 1924: Britain\u2019s First ... What\u2019s the context? 22 January 1924: Britain\u2019s first Labour government takes office | History of government [PAR] What\u2019s the context? 22 January 1924: Britain\u2019s first Labour government takes office [PAR] \u2014 Foreign affairs and diplomacy , Foreign Office Historians , What's the context? series [PAR] Ninety years ago today, the British political mould was shattered by the election of the first Labour government. [PAR] After an inconclusive election on 6 December 1923 that the ruling Conservatives lost but nobody won, Ramsay MacDonald took office as both Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary of a minority government on 22 January 1924. [PAR] Ramsay MacDonald [PAR] The Annual Register called it \u2018A revolution in British politics as profound as that associated with the Reform Act of 1832\u2019. Churchill called it \u2018a national misfortune such as has usually befallen a great state only on the morrow of defeat in war\u2019. [PAR] The right-wing press professed disbelief that a group of socialist \u2018wild men\u2019, whose party had been in existence for less than twenty years, could take charge of Britain and her Empire. [PAR] The Daily Mail begged Liberal leader Asquith to save society by forming a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] European Council, Maastricht (Hansard, 25 November 1991) European Council, Maastricht (Hansard, 25 November 1991) [PAR] Lord Cledwyn of Penrhos [PAR] My Lords, we are grateful to the noble Lord the Leader of the House for setting the scene for the debate and for his comprehensive speech in which he explained some aspects of the Government's policy. [PAR] A two-day debate on the importance and implications of the Maastricht Summit was held in another place last week. We all followed that discussion with great interest. Today we have the opportunity to express our views on what is without doubt a historic milestone in the history of the Community. [PAR] There are differences of view on a number of issues between the parties, and within the parties, in this country, as was made very plain in last week's debate in the House of Commons. However, there is overwhelming agreement on one central point; namely, that as a member of the European Community it is our duty in this country to work for solutions which are in the best interests of our people and of the Community as a whole. We must be clear about how we want to see the Community develop and we must work to ensure that Britain is in a position to influence the objectives which we support. [PAR] There is little doubt that the Community will expand still further. Sweden and Austria are seeking membership and the other EFTA countries will follow, as may two or three Eastern European countries in due course. It is an exciting prospect but it will be an attractive one only if we can ensure that the new association will be democratic and that there will be accountability as between the various levels of administration within the Community\u2014a point upon which the noble Lord expanded. [PAR] Economic, monetary and political union for Europe is an ambitious concept and a complex and intricate one. The noble Lord said that we cannot set the final shape of Europe now, and I agree with him. It is for that reason that we should tackle each stage of the development with realism and common sense. We know that there have been arguments on a range of issues and we do not know, even at this late stage, whether they will be resolved before the Maastricht Summit takes place. [PAR] The noble Lord also said that Maastricht will not settle the fate of Europe now. Here again I agree with him. I suggested in the debate on the Address that we should seek to negotiate a package upon which we could all agree at Maastricht while other matters on 1154 which agreement is clearly impossible should be reserved for further consideration. That must be preferable to a pointless and acrimonious haggle there. The impression has been created that Maastricht is a make or break summit. That is a great mistake for it has been plain from the start that there are issues on which total agreement may well be impossible, at least at this stage. [PAR] As the noble Lord has said, every country in the Community has its own history, ethos, culture and national memory and its policies inevitably reflect that. That has its dangers, as we know all too well. Yugoslavia demonstrates that in an extreme way at this moment. We can thank heaven that the Community came into existence primarily to ensure that the wars which had devastated Europe would never happen again. [PAR] It is very much to the credit of this House that over the past two years or so it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hampstead & Kilburn - UK Polling Report UK Polling Report [PAR] Geography: Greater London. Parts of Camden and Brent council areas. [PAR] Main population centres: Hampstead, Kilburn, Kendal Rise. [PAR] Profile: Hampstead itself is stereotypically, but not entirely inaccurately, portrayed as the home of the chattering classes and the liberal intelligensia, although the extreme house prices mean it is increasingly the home to city financiers, celebrities and business entrepreneurs. The desirable location, Hampstead Heath and direct transport links into central London and to Canary Wharf mean the rest of the seat is rapidly gentrifying and house prices rocketing as young professionals move into the area. Kilburn is a more socially deprived area with a large proportion of social housing and large Irish and Caribbean communities. Gentrification is having its effect even here though and the large South Kilburn council estate is in the process of being redeveloped. [PAR] Politics: Hampstead and Kilburn was created for the 2010 election, a cross borough seat based on the old Hampstead and Highgate seat of Glenda Jackson and the Brent East seat of Sarah Teather, who opted to fight the Brent Central seat instead. In 2010 the result was an extremely tight three-way finish between Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat with Labour only winning by 42 votes. In 2015 the Liberal Democrat vote collapsed, but the battle between Labour and Conservative remained tight, with Tulip Siddiq winning by only two percent. [PAR] Current MP [PAR] TULIP SIDDIQ (Labour) Born 1982, Mitcham, granddaughter of Sheikj Mujibur Rahman, first President of Bangledesh. Educated at University College London. Former corporate communications executive. First elected as MP for Hampstead & Kilburn in 2015. [PAR] Past Results [PAR] *There were boundary changes after 2005, name changed from Hampstead & Highgate [PAR] Demographics [PAR] 2015 Candidates [PAR] SIMON MARCUS (Conservative) Born Hampstead. Educated at City of London School and Kings College London. Camden councillor since 2012. Contested Barking 2010. [PAR] TULIP SIDDIQ (Labour) Born 1982, Mitcham, granddaughter of Sheikj Mujibur Rahman, first President of Bangledesh. Educated at University College London. Corporate communications executive. [PAR] MAAJID NAWAZ (Liberal Democrat) Born 1978, Westcliff on Sea. Educated at Westcliff High School for Boys and SOAS. Executive director of Quilliam Foundation. Former member of extremist group Hizb-ut-Tahrir, he left HUT in 2007 to become a campaigner against extremism. Received death threats in 2013 for tweeting a Jesus and Mo cartoon. [PAR] MAGNUS NIELSEN (UKIP) Educated at George Dixons Grammar School and University of London. Contested Holborn and St Pancras 2001, Hampstead and Highgate 2005, Hampstead and Kilburn 2010. [PAR] REBECCA JOHNSON (Green) Educated at Bristol University. Academic and nuclear disarmament expert. [PAR] ROBIN ELLISON (U Party) Educated at Manchester Grammar School and Cambridge University. Pensions lawyer. Chairman of the National Association of Pension Funds. [PAR] THE EUROVISIONARY CARROLL (Independent) Born 1934, Belfast. Singer and entertainer. British entrant to the Eurovision Song Contest in 1962 and 1963.. Contested Hampstead and Highgate 1997, Uxbridge by-election 1997, Hartlepool by-election 2004, Haltemprice 2008 by-election. Died on 13th April 2015, after the close of nominations. [PAR] Links[DOC] [TLE] Former Labour MP Glenda Jackson returning to acting after ... Former Labour MP Glenda Jackson returning to acting after 20 years - BT [PAR] [PAR] Former Labour MP Glenda Jackson returning to acting after 20 years [PAR] Double Oscar-winner Jackson\u2019s last acting role was in 1992, before she won a seat in Parliament as the Labour MP for Hampstead and Highgate. [PAR] [PAR] Print this story [PAR] Former screen star Glenda Jackson is returning to acting after 20 years, in a \u201cmash-up\u201d adaptation of novels by French writer Emile"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The truth about Harold Wilson - after 30 years of ... The truth about Harold Wilson - after 30 years of scandalous rumours | Daily Mail Online [PAR] The truth about Harold Wilson - after 30 years of scandalous rumours [PAR] By ROY HATTERSLEY [PAR] Last updated at 10:12 24 June 2007 [PAR] The real Mary Wilson is dramatically different from the dull suburban housewife who was caricatured so ruthlessly during her husband Harold's years of power. [PAR] Her reputation for doing little more than \"standing by her man\" was acquired in an era before Prime Ministers' wives became personalities in their own right. [PAR] It was exacerbated by Mrs Wilson's Diary - a long-running spoof in the satirical magazine Private Eye that mocked her apparent meekness and fondness for composing verse. [PAR] Mary never complained, and finally faded from public view during the many years she devotedly nursed her husband as he was gradually consumed by Alzheimer's. [PAR] Scroll down for more...Today, the \"little woman\" calumny is regurgitated whenever so-called new \"revelations\" about Wilson's premiership - which ended prematurely in 1976 after he resigned under rather mysterious circumstances - are spewed out by one of his \"loyal\" lieutenants. [PAR] But his widow must also take some responsibility for all the nonsense that is so often written, because she adamantly refuses to take on her husband's detractors. An intensely private woman, she despises the cult of personality that has infested modern politics. And she emphatically does not believe in letting her emotions show. [PAR] Now aged 90, she lives alone in a Westminster flat and observes the world through eyes that have lost none of their sharpness. [PAR] Despite all her years as a political wife (Harold became an MP in 1945), she has rarely talked to the media and has never given a full-blown newspaper interview. That she is giving one at all now - coincidentally, as yet another Prime Minister prepares to step down before the end of his term - is because we have known each other for more than 40 years. [PAR] Time after time, she prefaces her words by saying: \"I have never told this to anyone before.\" But equally, time after time, she stops me from delving any further. It is a matter of principle that she will never retaliate against those who tell lies about her husband by telling the discreditable truth about them. [PAR] Of course, the story that has resurfaced the most persistently pivots on the role of Marcia Williams - now Lady Falkender - who served as Harold Wilson's political secretary for nearly 30 years, including his eight years as Prime Minister. [PAR] In 2003, Joe Haines, Wilson's former Press secretary, published a book which claimed that Marcia had had an affair with the Prime Minister and that she had treated him with derision. [PAR] One of his tallest tales - repeated in a BBC drama last year - had Marcia once telling Mary: \"I've slept with your husband six times and it wasn't very satisfactory.\" (Subsequently, the BBC was forced to issue an apology.) [PAR] Mary Wilson, who combines moral certainty with the no-nonsense approach of a Northerner, says such allegations are beneath contempt and unworthy of comment. [PAR] When I ask if her disdain for scandal-mongering is built on her knowledge that none of the stories are true, she allows herself a contented smile. [PAR] To understand Mary Wilson's character, it is necessary to know something of her upbringing as \"a daughter of the manse\". Her father, a Congregationalist minister, encouraged plain living and high thinking."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Swedish system of government - sweden.se The Swedish system of government [PAR] Home / Society / The Swedish system of government [PAR] The Swedish system of government [PAR] All public power proceeds from the people. This is the foundation of parliamentary democracy in Sweden. Everyone has the same rights and is free to scrutinise how politicians and public agencies exercise their power. [PAR] Photo: John\u00e9r/Plattform [PAR] The Swedish system of government [PAR] All public power proceeds from the people. This is the foundation of parliamentary democracy in Sweden. Everyone has the same rights and is free to scrutinise how politicians and public agencies exercise their power. [PAR] A parliamentary democracy [PAR] In Sweden, general elections are held every four years, with the last one held in September 2014. Around 7 million people are entitled to vote and thereby influence which political party will represent them in the Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament), county councils and municipalities. People can also influence Swedish politics in other ways \u2013 by taking part in referendums, joining a political party or commenting on reports presented by the Government. [PAR] The Swedish Constitution [PAR] The Swedish Constitution defines how Sweden is governed. It regulates the relationships between decision-making and executive power, and the basic rights and freedoms of citizens. Four fundamental laws make up the Constitution: the Instrument of Governmen t, the Act of Succession , the Freedom of the Press Act and the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression . [PAR] Among other things, the Instrument of Government guarantees citizens the right to obtain information freely, hold demonstrations, form political parties and practise their religion. [PAR] The Act of Succession regulates the right of members of the House of Bernadotte to accede to the Swedish throne. [PAR] The Freedom of the Press Act sets out the principle of public access to official documents in order to guarantee an open society with access to information about the work of the Riksdag, the Government and public agencies. This law allows people to study official documents whenever they wish. Another principle in the Freedom of the Press Act is the freedom to communicate information. Under this principle, everyone in Sweden is entitled to give information to the media that they consider important and that they feel should be made public. The publisher of the material is not entitled to reveal the source if the individual in question wishes to remain anonymous. [PAR] The Law on Freedom of Expression, which came into force in 1992, largely mirrors the Freedom of the Press Act, in regards to the prohibition of censorship, the freedom to communicate information and the right to anonymity. [PAR] Fundamental rights [PAR] To amend a fundamental law, the Riksdag must pass the amendment on two separate occasions, separated by a parliamentary election. The fundamental laws take precedence over all other statutes and no law may contravene the Constitution. [PAR] DID YOU KNOW\u2026 [PAR] National referendums [PAR] A total of six national referendums have been held in Sweden. These polls are consultative in character and the Riksdag may reach decisions that run counter to their outcome. [PAR] This has only happened on one occasion, in 1955, when a referendum was held on the introduction of right-hand traffic. The Swedish people voted against it but the Government chose to introduce it nonetheless. [PAR] Sweden\u2019s last two referendums: [PAR] 1994: Membership of the EU Result: Yes [PAR] 2003: Introduction of the euro Result: No [PAR] The Riksdag has 349 members who are chosen by Sweden\u2019s citizens every four years in general elections. [PAR] Photo: Frank Chmura/Nordic Photos [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great Depression and the New Deal - Stanford University The Great Depression and the New Deal [PAR] The Great Depression and the New Deal [PAR] John Hardman [PAR] Poverty & Prejudice: Social Security at the Crossroads [PAR] In his first inaugural address, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, made some attempt to assess the enormous damage: \"The withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return.\" He was speaking of the Great Depression of 1929 to 1940, which began and centered in the United States but spread quickly throughout the industrial world. Despite describing the Great Depression with grim words, this economic catastrophe and its impact defied description. The United States had never felt such a severe blow to its economy. President Roosevelt's New Deal reshaped the economy and structure of the United States, however, in order to end the poverty during the crisis. The New Deal programs would employ and give financial security to millions of Americans. These programs would prove to be effective and extremely beneficial to the American society as some still provide the economic security and benefits today. [PAR] The Great Depression [PAR] The Great Depression began by the complete collapse of the stock market on October 24th, 1929 when about 13 million shares of stock were sold. The damage was extended on Tuesday, October 29 when more than 16 million shares were sold making the day forever known as Black Tuesday. The value of most shares fell sharply, leaving financial ruin and panic in its wake. There has never been a collapse in the market that has had such a devastating and long-term effect on the economy. Businesses closed and banks failed by the hundreds due to the collapse, putting millions out of work. Wages for those still fortunate enough to have work fell sharply. The value of money decreased as the demand for goods declined. In Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal by William E. Leuchtenburg, the economic plight of the Depression is seen. \"In the three years of Herbert Hoover's Presidency, the bottom had dropped out of the stock market and industrial production had been cut more than half.. By 1932, the unemployed numbered upward of thirteen million. Many lived in the primitive conditions of a preindustrial society stricken by famine.\"1 [PAR] 1 Leuchtenburg, pg. 1 [PAR] Most of the agricultural segment of the economy had been in serious trouble for years. The arrival of the depression nearly eliminated it altogether, and the drought that created the 1930s Great Plains Dust Bowl greatened the damage. The government itself was sorely pressed for income at all levels as tax revenues fell; and the government during this period was more limited in its ability to respond to economic crises than it is today. The international structure of world trade also collapsed, and each nation sought to protect its own industrial base by imposing high tariffs on imported goods. This only made matters worse. [PAR] Social Impact of the Great Depression [PAR] By 1932 United States industrial output had been cut in half. One fourth of the labor force--about 15 million people--was out of work, and there was no such thing as unemployment insurance. Hourly wages had dropped by about 50 percent. Hundreds of banks had failed. Prices for agricultural products dropped to their lowest level since the Civil War. There were more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mario Soares | president of Portugal | Britannica.com Mario Soares | president of Portugal | Britannica.com [PAR] president of Portugal [PAR] Alternative Title: M\u00e1rio Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares [PAR] Mario Soares [PAR] M\u00e1rio Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares [PAR] born [PAR] Manuel I [PAR] M\u00e1rio Soares, in full M\u00e1rio Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (born December 7, 1924, Lisbon , Portugal\u2014died January 7, 2017, Lisbon), Socialist politician and lawyer, who became president of Portugal in 1986 as the country\u2019s first elected civilian head of state in 60 years, holding the post until 1996. [PAR] His father, Jo\u00e3o Lopes Soares (d. 1970), had been a liberal republican, often jailed or exiled during the dictatorship of Ant\u00f3nio Oliveira Salazar. The young Soares studied at the University of Lisbon and at the Faculty of Law, Sorbonne, Paris, becoming a student activist and thereafter taking up a law practice defending political dissidents. By the time that the army-imposed right-wing dictatorship fell in 1974, Soares had been jailed 12 times and twice experienced exile, in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 (1968) and Paris (1970\u201374). In 1964 he and others founded a clandestine society, the Portuguese Socialist Action, which by 1974 had transformed into the Portuguese Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Portuguesa). [PAR] From 1974 to 1975 Soares was foreign minister in the new but still military-controlled government and oversaw the negotiations for freeing Portugal\u2019s overseas colonies. In 1976 he became the first constitutionally elected prime minister since the 1974 revolution (serving 1976, 1976\u201378, and 1983\u201385) and in 1986 became the first civilian head of state (president) since 1926, ending 60 years of army overlordship. Reelected in 1991, Soares was constitutionally barred from seeking a third consecutive term, and he left office in 1996. He ran again for president in 2006 but finished third. [PAR] Soares wrote a number of books on philosophy and politics, including a partly autobiographical work, first published in Paris, Le Portugal baillonn\u00e9: un t\u00e9moignage (1972; \u201cPortugal Muzzled: A Testament\u201d). He also authored Portugal\u2019s Struggle for Liberty (1975). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in Portugal"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fifth Republic | French history | Britannica.com Fifth Republic | French history | Britannica.com [PAR] Fifth Republic [PAR] See Article History [PAR] Fifth Republic, system of government in France from 1958. Under the constitution crafted by Charles de Gaulle with the help of Michel Debr\u00e9 , executive power was increased at the expense of the National Assembly . In 1959 de Gaulle was inaugurated as the first president of the Fifth Republic, with Debr\u00e9 as his prime minister. In 1962 de Gaulle pushed through a constitutional amendment that provided for direct popular election of the president, and in 1965 he became the first French president elected by popular vote since 1848. He was succeeded by Georges Pompidou (1969\u201374), Val\u00e9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing (1974\u201381), Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand (1981\u201395), Jacques Chirac (1995\u20132007), Nicolas Sarkozy (2007\u201312), and Fran\u00e7ois Hollande (2012\u2013 ). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] France: The Fifth Republic [PAR] country of northwestern Europe. Historically and culturally among the most important nations in the Western world, France has also played a highly significant role in international affairs, with former colonies in every corner of the globe. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea,... [PAR] Michel Debr\u00e9 [PAR] Jan. 15, 1912 Paris, France Aug. 2, 1996 Montlouis-sur-Loire French political leader, a close aide of President Charles de Gaulle; after playing a prominent part in the writing of the constitution of the Fifth Republic, he served as its first premier. [PAR] 10 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] creation of French Community (in French Community ) [PAR] role of [PAR] Socialist Party (in Socialist Party (PS) ) [PAR] External Links [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: June 21, 2012 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fifth-Republic-French-history [PAR] Access Date: December 17, 2016 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] France: Fifth Republic (1959-) - flagspot.net France: Fifth Republic (1959-) [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] France: Fifth Republic (1959-) [PAR] France: Fifth Republic (1959-) - Presidential standards [PAR] The birth of the Fifth Republic [PAR] The new Constitution was elaborated by the 39 members (16 from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] November 11th, 1975 - The Dismissal of the Whitlam Government The Dismissal of the Whitlam Government - November 11th, 1975 [PAR] November 11th, 1975 [PAR] LinkedIn1 [PAR] The Dismissal of the Whitlam Government on November 11, 1975 was the most dramatic political event in the history of Australia\u2019s Federation. [PAR] Edward Gough Whitlam\u2019s government was elected on December 2, 1972 and was the first Labor administration in 23 years. Elected in a national mood of hope and anticipation, the government was steeped in controversy from the outset. Re-elected eighteen months later, it was gone in just under three years. It was a government that initiated unparalleled reform but was frustrated by the Senate, dismissed by the Governor-General, and then massively repudiated by the electorate. [PAR] The story of the Whitlam years is the story of a political system tested to its limits. It remains a story of relevance to contemporary politics. [PAR] CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS: OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 1975 [PAR] The years 1972-1975 were a whirlwind of activity, controversy and change, culminating in the dramatic events of October 1975 when the coalition parties in the Senate used their numbers to delay passage of the government\u2019s Supply Bills. A three-week constitutional impasse followed, culminating in Whitlam\u2019s dismissal by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, on November 11. [PAR] BACKGROUND TO 1972 [PAR] The Whitlam Government was the first Labor government for 23 years, since the defeat of Ben Chifley in 1949. It was elected at a time of growing disillusionment with the Vietnam War, a concern about Australia\u2019s place in the world and great social change. [PAR] GOUGH WHITLAM [PAR] Whitlam was born in Melbourne in 1916. He grew up in Canberra and entered Parliament in 1952, becoming deputy leader of the ALP in 1961 and leader in 1967. He won a 7% swing to his party in the 1969 election, rescuing it from the electoral disaster of 1966. Whitlam won office in 1972, was re-elected in 1974, dismissed and defeated in 1975, and rejected by the electorate again in 1977. He resigned the ALP leadership after the 1977 election and left parliament in 1978. In retirement, his energy and commitment to causes continued unabated. [PAR] SIR JOHN KERR [PAR] The man appointed by Whitlam to the position of Governor-General in 1974 is variously portrayed as a man of principle, a deceiver, an insecure man desperate to make his mark on history, the person who resolved a difficult situation not of his making by remitting it to the people, and a drunk. [PAR] SIR GARFIELD BARWICK [PAR] Barwick was Chief Justice of the High Court during the Whitlam years. He provided formal advice to the Governor-General on November 10, supporting Kerr\u2019s decision to dismiss Whitlam. Forty years later, it was revealed that High Court Justice Sir Anthony Mason played an even more significant role than Barwick did. [PAR] CONSTITUTIONAL & POLITICAL ISSUES: THE KEY QUESTIONS [PAR] The Dismissal raised a number of important constitutional, parliamentary and political issues, most of which remain unresolved to this day. Should the Senate have the right to block money bills? How should a government respond when this happens? Should the Governor-General intervene in conflicts between the houses? When should the Governor-General intervene? [PAR] THE WHITLAM GOVERNMENTS [PAR] Whitlam\u2019s 1972 election was the result of a program of party reform, policy development and political salesmanship. The \u2018Program\u2019 he presented to the people in 1972 still stands as the most definitive statement of policies ever proposed at an election. This section also contains information on the Whitlam ministers. [PAR] THE LOANS AFFAIR [PAR] The Loans Affair saga caused"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Ten Amendments - constitution | Laws.com First Ten Amendments - constitution | Laws.com [PAR] Share Share 0 Tweet 0 +1 0 Share 0 [PAR] The first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution are more commonly referred to as the Bill of Rights. These ten Amendments were introduced to the American Congress in 1789. The purpose of these 10 Amendments is to protect the individuals of the United States\u2013protect their rights to property, their natural rights as individuals, and limit the Government\u2019s power over the citizens. [PAR] The ten Amendments that were originally placed into the Constitution were ratified in 1791 through the process of state voting and ratifying them one by one using a three-fourths majority vote of all the states. This was an important movement because it illustrated the way in which the founders had structured the Constitution, making them amendable while still requiring that sufficient time be given to the process in order to make the right choices regarding citizenship. [PAR] The first ten Amendments of the U.S. Constitution are ones many individuals are taught when they are kids, but forget as they grow older. Simply stated, these 10 Amendments are: [PAR] 1. Freedom of speech, religion, press, etc. [PAR] 2. Right to keep and bear arms. [PAR] 3. The conditions for quartering soldiers. [PAR] 4. Right of search and seizure. [PAR] 5. Provisions regarding the prosecution of an individual. [PAR] 6. Right to a speedy trial. [PAR] 7. Right to trial by jury. [PAR] 8. Provision against excessive bail and cruel punishment before trial. [PAR] 9. Rule of construction regarding the constitution; and [PAR] 10. The rights of the states under the Constitution."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSR - Dec 25, 1991 ... Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSR - Dec 25, 1991 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSR [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSR [PAR] Author [PAR] Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSR [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Mikhail Gorbachev announces that he is resigning as president of the Soviet Union. In truth, there was not much of a Soviet Union from which to resign\u2014just four days earlier, 11 of the former Soviet republics had established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), effectively dismembering the USSR. The Soviet Union, for all intents and purposes, had already ceased to exist. [PAR] In his farewell speech to the nation, Gorbachev indicated that the recent establishment of the CIS was the primary motive for his resignation, claiming he was \u201cconcerned about the fact that the people in this country are ceasing to become citizens of a great power and the consequences may be very difficult for all of us to deal with.\u201d In words that were sometimes prideful, sometimes resentful, Gorbachev stated that he stood on his record of achievement. He had, he claimed, overseen the Soviet Union\u2019s trip down the \u201croad of democracy.\u201d His reforms \u201csteered\u201d the communist economy \u201ctoward the market economy.\u201d He declared that the Russian people were \u201cliving in a new world\u201d in which an \u201cend has been put to the Cold War and to the arms race.\u201d Admitting \u201cthere were mistakes made,\u201d Gorbachev remained adamant that he \u201cnever had any regrets\u201d about the policies he pursued. [PAR] In reality, Gorbachev had lost much of his power and prestige in the Soviet Union even before the establishment of the CIS. The economy was unstable. No one seemed pleased by Gorbachev-some opponents demanded even more political freedom while hard-liners in his government opposed any movement toward reform. In August 1991, he survived a coup attempt only through the assistance of Russian Federation president Boris Yeltsin. Following the failed attempt, Yeltsin became a vocal critic of the slow pace of economic and political reforms in the country. As Gorbachev\u2019s power slipped away, Yeltsin took over the Kremlin and other Soviet government facilities and replaced the Soviet flag with the flag of Russia. After over 70 years of existence, the Soviet Union-America\u2019s archenemy in the Cold War-was gone. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1991: Gorbachev resigns as Soviet ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1991: Gorbachev resigns as Soviet Union breaks up [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1991: Gorbachev resigns as Soviet Union breaks up [PAR] Mikhail Gorbachev, leader of the Soviet Union for almost seven years and executive president for nearly two, has stepped down from office. [PAR] He announced his resignation in a 10 minute speech, broadcast live on television, as the Soviet Union passed into history. [PAR] It has been replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). [PAR] The 60-year-old appeared solemn but composed. [PAR] \"Due to the situation which has evolved as a result of the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent states I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,\" he said. [PAR] He said he was resigning on a matter of principle, adding the decision to dismantle the state should have been made \"on the basis of popular will\". [PAR] Mr Gorbachev, highly regarded abroad but not at home, listed his achievements. [PAR] \"Free elections have become a reality."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Member countries | The Commonwealth Member countries | The Commonwealth [PAR] Member countries [PAR] Home >Member countries [PAR] Member countries [PAR] Fifty two countries are members of the Commonwealth. Our countries span Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific and are diverse \u2013 they are amongst the world\u2019s largest, smallest, richest and poorest countries. Thirty-one of our members are classified as small states \u2013 countries with a population size of 1.5 million people or less and larger member states that share similar characteristics with them. [PAR] All members subscribe to the Commonwealth\u2019s values and principles outlined in The Commonwealth Charter . [PAR] Leaders of member countries shape Commonwealth policies and priorities. Every two years, they meet to discuss issues affecting the Commonwealth and the wider world at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) . [PAR] All members have an equal say \u2013 regardless of size or economic stature. This ensures even the smallest member countries have a voice in shaping the Commonwealth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parliamentary Elections in Ireland - Elections to D\u00e1il ... Election Resources on the Internet: Parliamentary Elections in Ireland - Elections to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann (House of Representatives) [PAR] The Electoral System [PAR] The Parliament of Ireland, the Oireachtas consists of a lower chamber, D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann (the House of Representatives), whose members are directly elected by universal adult suffrage, and an upper chamber, Seanad \u00c9ireann (the Senate), whose members are appointed by the prime minister, or indirectly elected by panels representing vocational interests or by graduates of the National University of Ireland and the University of Dublin (Trinity College). D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann has greater legislative power than Seanad \u00c9ireann, which can neither initiate financial legislation nor delay indefinitely legislation already passed by D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann. [PAR] D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann is composed of 158 members (previously 166) elected for a five-year term of office. D\u00e1il elections are carried out in three- to five-member constituencies by the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system, which combines proportional representation (PR) with preferential voting. Under this system, voters indicate a first preference for one candidate, and may rank the remaining candidates in successive order of preferences on the ballot paper. [PAR] In each constituency, D\u00e1il seats are awarded to candidates who attain the constituency quota, calculated by dividing the number of valid first preference votes cast in the constituency by one more than the number of seats to be filled, and then adding one to the result. A candidate whose first preference vote total equals or exceeds the quota is immediately elected; if the candidate obtained more first preference votes than the quota, the surplus is distributed among the remaining candidates, in proportion to the second preferences of all votes cast for the successful candidate. The surplus transfer may result in the election of one or more candidates, in whose case the described procedure is repeated. However, if there are unallocated seats after transferring surplus votes from elected candidates, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated, and the preferences of the eliminated candidate are transferred to the remaining candidates. These two processes are repeated until all seats are filled. [PAR] In referendums held in 1959 and 1968, the Irish electorate rejected proposed constitutional amendments to replace STV with plurality or first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting in single-member constituencies, the first time by a narrow margin and subsequently by a large majority. [PAR] The Political Parties [PAR] Ireland's present-day party system traces its origins to the civil war of 1922-23 between supporters and opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. The treaty brought an end to the armed uprising against British rule in the island - which had been an integral part of the United Kingdom since 1800 - and granted dominion status to twenty-six of Ireland's thirty-two counties, which in 1922 became the Irish Free State. [PAR] Northern Ireland, comprised by six of the nine counties forming the historic province of Ulster, was allowed to opt out of the treaty, and the province, ruled by a majority Protestant population that wished to remain part of the U.K., promptly exercised that option, retaining its own devolved government as provided by the Government of Ireland Act 1920; a similar arrangement established by the act over the rest of Ireland - \"Southern Ireland\" - was never fully implemented because of the armed conflict, and ultimately it was superseded by the Anglo-Irish Treaty. [PAR] Interestingly, the partition of Ireland was barely touched upon during the debates leading to approval of the treaty, which provided for the establishment of a Boundary Commission that would review the border between Northern Ireland and the Irish"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Pope Was Poisoned After 33 Days\" | Christian Assemblies ... \"Pope Was Poisoned After 33 Days\" | Christian Assemblies International [PAR] \"Pope Was Poisoned After 33 Days\" [PAR] Printable PDF Version [PAR] Book reveals background to death of John Paul I [PAR] London (ap/dpa) Pope John Paul I, who was head of the Catholic Church for only 33 days in 1978, was murdered, claims the British author David Yallop in his book \"In God's Name\", which was published in 1984. After 3 years of investigation he has come to this conclusion, having found out that members of the forbidden Italian secret lodge \"P2\" allowed the pope to be poisoned. [PAR] Mysterious death 33 days after election: John Paul I John Paul I was found dead in his bed by his private secretary on the morning of 29th September 1978. The official cause of death: heart attack. [PAR] Yallop, however, says it was murder. He is relying on interviews with \"highly positioned sources within the Vatican\" and states as evidence a series of inexplicable occurrences which accompanied the pope's death. [PAR] There was no post-mortem, according to Yallop, although the 65-year-old church leader had never had any heart problems before his death. All his personal belongings, including his last will, were removed from his room and were never seen again. There are conflicting opinions about the exact time of his death, and it was officially stated that the deceased was holding a book in his hand, although it was actually documents, said Yallop. [PAR] He sees the motive of the murder as being due to the intention of John Paul I to bring an end to the ecclesiastical prohibition of artificial birth control. But most of all he wanted to relieve a few high dignitaries of their offices and to substantiate the finances of the Vatican. [PAR] Yallop also names suspicious members of the secret union \"P2\". For instance, the founder of the fascist-orientated Free Mason Lodge, Licio Gelli; or Jean Villot (at that time cardinal-state secretary); or bishop Paul Marcinkus who, as governing head of the Vatican Bank, did fraudulent business with the \"Ambrosia\" (private bank); or their director Roberto Calvi, who himself lost his life in mysterious circumstances. [PAR] Translated from the German: \"Papst wurde nach 33 Tagen vergiftet\" [PAR] Source: Newspaper article - Munich TZ (12.06.84)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Freddie Mercury, 45, Lead Singer Of the Rock Band Queen ... Freddie Mercury, 45, Lead Singer Of the Rock Band Queen, Is Dead - NYTimes.com [PAR] Freddie Mercury, 45, Lead Singer Of the Rock Band Queen, Is Dead [PAR] Published: November 25, 1991 [PAR] LONDON, Nov. 24\u2014 Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of the hard-rock group Queen, died today at his home in Kensington here. He was 45 years old. [PAR] He died of bronchopneumonia resulting from AIDS, his publicity agent said. [PAR] Mr. Mercury announced on Saturday that he had AIDS. [PAR] As the lead singer and lyricist for Queen, Mr. Mercury helped to forge a hugely popular hybrid of hard-rock, pop, heavy-metal, cabaret and a hint of opera. In its mid-1970's heyday, the group created an image of playful decadence while fabricating elaborate studio productions on its albums, overdubbing multiple guitar and vocal lines. Mr. Mercury strutted and preened, by turns campy and almost militaristic, at the center of Queen's stage shows. A Group's Glory Days [PAR] In one of Queen's definitive hits, \"Bohemian Rhapsody,\" Mr. Mercury overdubbed his voice until it became a choir, with words like \"Mama mia,\" \"Galileo\" and \"Figaro\" bouncing up and down the octaves. But he also sang dramatic solo vocals in hits like the ballad \"We Are the Champions\" and the mock-rockabilly song \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love.\" [PAR] Queen thrived commercially from 1975, when \"Killer Queen\" appeared, to 1980, when the disco-style \"Another One Bites the Dust\" reached No. 1 on the pop-singles chart. Although Queen's commercial success waned in the 1980's, it was partly vindicated when the hook from \"Under Pressure,\" its collaboration with David Bowie in 1982, was borrowed by the rapper Vanilla Ice for his hit single \"Ice, Ice Baby.\" From Zanzibar to the World Stage [PAR] He was one of a number of celebrities who had announced that they suffered from AIDS to try to increase the public's awareness of the disease. In a statement on the eve of his death, Mr. Mercury called on his fans around the world to join the fight against AIDS. [PAR] Mr. Mercury, whose name was originally Frederick Bulsara, was born in Zanzibar, the son of a Government accountant. He rose to fame as the bravura singer for Queen, whose elaborate and occasionally bombastic songs made the group one of the most popular in the 1970's. [PAR] In addition to recording with Queen, Mr. Mercury later released solo albums, including \"The Great Pretender.\" [PAR] In recent years, he lived a secluded life and resisted responding to persistent rumors that he had AIDS. [PAR] \"I felt it correct to keep this information private to date in order to protect the privacy of those around me,\" Mr. Mercury said in a statement on Saturday. \"However, the time has now come for my friends and fans around the world to know the truth, and I hope that everyone will join with me, my doctors and all those worldwide in the fight against this terrible disease.\" [PAR] A private cremation is to be held this week. [PAR] Photo: Freddie Mercury (Agence France-Presse)[DOC] [TLE] Adam Lambert is the new lead singer of Queen \u00b7 Newswire ... Adam Lambert is the new lead singer of Queen \u00b7 Newswire \u00b7 The A.V. Club [PAR] Share Tweet [PAR] After futzing around with intimations that Lady Gaga could become the new singer for Queen, the band has decided to get serious, drafting American Idol runner-up and anthropomorphic bottle of Manic Panic nail polish Adam Lambert to replace the late Freddie Mercury. \u201cThat\u2019s impossible,\u201d Lambert said regarding his replacing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lewis Carroll - Alice-in-Wonderland.net Lewis Carroll - Alice-in-Wonderland.net [PAR] Alice-in-wonderland.net [PAR] About Lewis Carroll [PAR] Pseudonym [PAR] The author of \u201cAlice\u2019s Adventures in Wonderland\u201d and \u201cThrough the Looking Glass\u201d is Lewis Carroll. This is an pseudonym; his real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. (His last name is pronounced with a silent \u2018g\u2019.) [PAR] Dodgson first used \u2018B.B.\u2019 to sign his non-professional writings, but in March 1856, when he wanted to publish his poem \u2018Solitude\u2019 in the magazine \u201cThe Train\u201d, Edmund Yates, a magazine editor, thought that this one was not appropriate. Then Dodgson came up with \u2018Dares\u2019 (from Daresbury in Cheshire, his birthplace), but that one was also rejected. Finally he invented Edgar Cuthwellis (composed from the letters of his name), Edgar U.C. Westhill (idem), Louis Carroll (he translated his name to Latin, and back: Lutwidge = Ludovic = Louis, Charles = Carolus) and Lewis Carroll (idem). Yates chose the last one. [PAR] For his learned mathematic books Dodgson used his own name. [PAR] Throughout this website I will use both names; when I\u2019m talking about Carroll I am referring to his Alice books and when I call him Dodgson I\u2019m talking about his private life. [PAR] The life of Dodgson [PAR] Dodgson was born on 27 January 1832 in the old parsonage at Daresbury, Cheshire. He was the 3rd child and eldest son of Reverend Charles Dodgson and Frances Jane Lutwidge (who were first cousins) and had 3 brothers and 7 sisters. He was very close and protective of them, especially the girls. Even as a child his talent was evident as he clearly enjoyed entertaining his brothers and sisters with stories and games. [PAR] At the time of his birth, his father, Dr. Dodgson, was the vicar of Daresbury, Cheshire (he later was presented with the Crown living of Croft, Yorkshire, and subsequently became Archdeacon of Richmond and one of the Canons of Ripon Cathedral), and was a distinguished scholar whose favorite study was mathematics. [PAR] In 1843 they moved to Croft, Yorkshire. At first, Charles was educated by his father. When he was twelve, he was sent to Mr. Tate\u2019s School at Richmond. In 1846 Dodgson was enrolled at a boarding-school in Rugby where he had a miserable time because of his shyness and several illnesses. [PAR] In May 1850 he matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied mathematics and took up residence as an undergraduate in January 1851. In 1854 Dodgson gained a 1st class degree in mathematics and one year later he was appointed lecturer in mathematics and Sub-Librarian at Christ Church. Dodgson was not a very inspiring teacher; it is said that his mathematical lessons were quite boring. He taught until 1881. [PAR] Dodgson was ordained a deacon in the Church of England on December 22, 1861. In 1898 he went to his sisters in Guildford, where he died of pneumonia on 14 January. [PAR] Religion [PAR] It is often said that Dodgson was a sincere Christian, although there is reason to believe that he had religious doubts. He was ordained a deacon in 1861. It was the rule on Christ Church that deacons should enter the priesthood (or else they\u2019d loose their job), but Dodgson never did. It might have been because of his stammer, but we do not know for certain why the Dean let him get away with it. Dodgson never got married. [PAR] Physique [PAR] Dodgson stuttered and was asymmetric; his blue eyes were not at the same level and one shoulder was higher than the other. His smile was also slightly askew. He was deaf on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Henry VIII (1509 - 1547) - Britroyals.com King Henry VIII | Britroyals [PAR] Children: Three legitimate who survived infancy; Mary, Elizabeth and Edward, and at least one illegitimate child Henry Fitzroy. [PAR] Died: January 28, 1547 at Whitehall Palace, London, aged 55 years, 7 months, [PAR] Buried at: Windsor [PAR] Reigned for: 37 years, 9 months, and 7 days [PAR] Succeeded by: his son Edward VI [PAR] King of England from 1509, when he succeeded his father Henry VII and married Catherine of Aragon, the widow of his elder brother Arthur. During the period 1513\ufffd29 Henry pursued an active foreign policy, largely under the guidance of his Lord Chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, who shared Henry's desire to make England stronger. Wolsey was replaced by Thomas More in 1529 for failing to persuade the Pope to grant Henry a divorce. [PAR] By this time Henry's policy had become dominated by his desire to divorce Catherine because she was too old to give him an heir and he was determined to marry Anne Boleyn. At first there seemed a possibility that the divorce might be granted. The papal legate journeyed to England to hear the case, but Catherine appealed direct to the pope and the court was adjourned. The position was complicated by the fact that Charles V, Catherine's nephew, controlled Rome. Henry then proceeded to act through Parliament, and had the entire body of the clergy in England declared guilty of treason in 1531. The clergy were suitably cowed and agreed to repudiate papal supremacy and recognize Henry as supreme head of the church in England. The English ecclesiastical courts then pronounced his marriage to Catherine null and void and he married Anne Boleyn in 1533 [PAR] Henry through Thomas Cromwell continued his attack on the church with the suppression of the monasteries (1536\ufffd39); their lands were confiscated and granted to his supporters. However, although he laid the ground for the English Reformation by the separation from Rome, he had little sympathy with Protestant dogmas. As early as 1521 a pamphlet which he had written against Lutheranism had won him the title of Fidei Defensor from the Pope, and Henry's own religious views are quite clearly expressed in the Statute of Six Articles in 1539 which instituted the orthodox Catholic tenets as necessary conditions for Christian belief. As a result Protestants were being burnt for heresy even while Catholics were being executed for refusing to take the oath of supremacy. [PAR] Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536, ostensibly for adultery. Henry's third wife, Jane Seymour, died in 1537. He married Anne of Cleves in 1540 in pursuance of Thomas Cromwell's policy of allying with the German Protestants, but rapidly abandoned this policy, divorced Anne, and beheaded Cromwell. His fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was beheaded in 1542, and the following year he married Catherine Parr, who survived him. Henry ended his reign with the reputation of a tyrant, despite the promise of his earlier years \ufffd in 1536 the rebellion known as the Pilgrimage of Grace was viciously suppressed, and advisers of the calibre of More and Bishop John Fisher had died rather than sacrifice their own principles to Henry's will. But the power of the crown had been considerably strengthened by Henry's ecclesiastical policy, and the monastic confiscations gave impetus to the rise of a new nobility which was to become influential in succeeding reigns. [PAR] King Henry VIII's Signature [PAR] Quotes: [PAR] \ufffdWe are, by the sufferance of God, King of England; and the Kings of England in times past never had any superior but God\ufffd \ufffd Henry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] France during World War II - bonjourlafrance France during World War II [PAR] France History - France during World War II [PAR] [PAR] France surrendered to Nazi Germany early in World War II (June 24, 1940). Nazi Germany occupied three fifths of France's territory (Northern France and the entire French Atlantic Coast) and on July 10, 1940 established a new French government based at the town of Vichy. [PAR] This government, was commonly referred to as Vichy France and was headed by Henri Philippe P\u00c3\u00a9tain, a General during World War One. Its senior leaders acquiesced in the plunder of French resources, as well as the sending of French forced labor to Nazi Germany; in doing so, they claimed they hoped to preserve at least some small amount of French sovereignty. [PAR] In the meantime, civilian anti-semites and Vichy officials aided in the concentration and persecution of Jews, in particular those of foreign citizenship. The Nazi German occupation proved costly, however, as Nazi Germany appropriated a full one-half of France's public sector revenue. [PAR] On the other hand, those who refused defeat and collaboration with Nazi Germany, the Free French, organised resistance movements in occupied and Vichy France and the Free French Forces. The Free French Forces started in exile in and with the support of the UK. [PAR] They were led by Charles de Gaulle, under-secretary of state for war and national defence, whose role in the resistance was to pave the way for his immense impact on the future of France, as leader of its provisional government and first President of the French Fifth Republic. [PAR] After the Allied landings in North Africa (Operation Torch) the German Army occupied southern France as well, leading to the scuttling of the French Fleet at Toulon. [PAR] After four years of occupation and strife, Allied forces, including Free French Forces, liberated France in 1944.[DOC] [TLE] Military history of France during World War II - \u5fc5\u5e94 Military history of France during World War II - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] Military history of France during World War II [PAR] The military history of France during World War II covers two periods. From 1939 until 1940, which witnessed a losing war against Germany by the French Third Republic. The period from 1940 until 1945, which saw competition between Vichy France and the Free French Forces under General Charles de Gaulle for control of the overseas empire. In 1944 the Allies (United States, Britain and others) invaded and took control of France, expelling the Germans (except for a few ports the Germans kept). In August 1943, the de Gaulle and Giraud forces merg ... (\u5c55\u5f00) ed in a single chain of command subordinated to Anglo-American leadership, meanwhile opposing French forces on the Eastern Front were subordinated to Soviet or German leaderships. This in-exile French force together with the French Forces of the Interior (FFI) played a variable-scale role in the eventual liberation of France by the Western Allies and the defeat of Vichy France, Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and the Japanese empire. Vichy France fought for control over the French overseas empire with the Free French forces, which were aided by Britain and the U.S. By 1943, all of the colonies, except for Indochina, had joined the Free French cause. France and Britain declared war on Germany when it invaded Poland in September 1939. After the Phoney War from 1939 to 1940, with very little fighting, the Germans invaded and defeated France and forced the British off the continent. France formally surrendered to people they had lost the battle but not the war."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1876 Custer\u2019s Last Stand - America's Library Custer's Last Stand [PAR] Custer's Last Stand [PAR] June 25, 1876 [PAR] What do you know about the Battle of Little Big Horn? You might know the story better as Custer's Last Stand. [PAR] On the morning of June 25, 1876, Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry charged into battle against Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne Indians. Custer's orders were to wait for reinforcements at the mouth of the Little Big Horn River before attacking the Indians, but Chief Sitting Bull had been spotted nearby, and Custer was impatient to attack. [PAR] A treaty had given the Sioux exclusive rights to the Black Hills, but when gold was later discovered in the area, white miners flocked to the territory. Despite the treaty, the U.S. government ordered the Indians away from the invading settlers and back to their reservations. [PAR] page 1 of 3"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Danny Kaye - Film Actor, Theater Actor ... - Biography.com Danny Kaye - Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor, Comedian, Dancer, Singer, Philanthropist, Television Personality - Biography.com [PAR] \u201cLife is a big canvas; throw all the paint you want at it.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI became an entertainer not because I wanted to but because I was meant to.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Danny Kaye [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Danny Kaye was born on January 18, 1911 in Brooklyn, New York. He made his Broadway debut in The Straw Hat Review in 1939. In the 1940s and '50s, he appeared in musicals and other films. During the 1960s, he had his own TV show. Throughout the 1970s, Kaye focused mainly on charity work. He took a few TV roles in the 1980s, before dying of a heart attack on March 3, 1987 in Los Angeles, California. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Entertainer Danny Kaye was born as David Daniel Kaminsky in Brooklyn, New York on January 18, 1911. According to his web site , Kaye's \"actual year of birth was 1911, but the birthday he celebrated was 1913.\" Kaye was his parents' youngest child; he had two older brothers. His father, Jacob Kaminski, and his mother, Clara Nemerovky, were Ukrainian Jewish immigrants. Jacob, a former horse trainer, worked as a tailor while Kaye and his brothers were growing up. [PAR] When Kaye was 13 years old, he dropped out of high school to take a stab at show biz stardom. Partnered up with a guitarist friend, Kaye hit the road, but before long he abandoned the unsuccessful tour and went home to Brooklyn. There he worked a string of odd jobs\u2013ranging from soda jerk to office clerk, failing miserably in most positions. After he made a costly error as an insurance appraiser and was fired on the spot, Kaye reconsidered forging a career in show business. \"I became an entertainer not because I wanted to but because I was meant to,\" Kaye would later say of his seemingly inevitable career path. [PAR] Career in Entertainment [PAR] While still a teen, Kaye found employment as a comedian and general entertainer in the Catskill Mountains. Working his way through the \"Borscht Belt\" of Jewish resort venues, Kaye left his audiences roaring with laughter. In 1933, Kaye was invited to join a vaudeville act called the \"Three Terpsichoreans.\" He switched from his given name, David Daniel Kaminsky, to his stage name, Danny Kaye, around the time that the group toured Asia. [PAR] Throughout the 1930s, Kaye persistently worked to make a name for himself in show business, while collaborating with song writer-composer Sylvia Fine. In 1939, he got his big break with a Broadway debut in The Straw Hat Review. Later that year, he achieved his goal of stardom with a crowd-pleasing performance of the silly, nonsensical song \"Tchaikovsky\" in Lady in the Dark. It was a time of great milestones for Kaye; in 1940, he married Sylvia Fine and she became his manager. [PAR] During WWII, Kaye supported the troops by performing overseas, in New York nightclubs and on Broadway. In 1944, he accepted a movie contract with Samuel Goldwyn and subsequently appeared in a string of popular Technicolor musicals, including the hit film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. He is also starred on his own wildly popular variety show on CBS Radio from 1945 to 1946. [PAR] Kaye made more movies in the 1950s, including the seasonal classic White Christmas (1954) with Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney, but his popularity as a film star gradually began to taper off as the decade wound down. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mata Hari - Biography of the Exotic World War I Spy Mata Hari - Biography of the Exotic World War I Spy [PAR] Mata Hari [PAR] Mata Hari [PAR] Biography of the Exotic World War I Spy [PAR] The infamous Dutch spy Mata Hari, real name Margarete Geertruida Zelle, who was born in Leeuwarden and became a dancer in France is performing the Dance of the Seven Veils. (1906). (Photo by Walery/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] Updated June 28, 2016. [PAR] Who Was Mata Hari? [PAR] Mata Hari was an exotic dancer and courtesan who was arrested by the French and executed for espionage during World War I . After her death, her stage name, \"Mata Hari,\" became synonymous with spying and espionage. [PAR] Dates: August 7, 1876 -- October 15, 1917 [PAR] Also Known As: Margaretha Geertruida Zelle; Lady MacLeod [PAR] Mata Hari's Childhood [PAR] Mata Hari was born Margaretha Geertruida Zelle in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands as the first of four children. [PAR] Margaretha's father was a hat maker by trade, but having invested well in oil, he had enough money to spoil his only daughter. At only six years old, Margaretha became the talk of the town when she traveled in a goat-drawn carriage that her father had given her. [PAR] In school, Margaretha was known to be flamboyant, often appearing in new, flashy dresses. However, Margaretha's world changed drastically when her family went bankrupt in 1889 and her mother died two years later. [PAR] Her Family Broke Up [PAR] After her mother's death, the Zelle family was split up and Margaretha, now age 15, was sent to Sneek to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Visser decided to send Margaretha to a school that trained kindergarten teachers so that she'd have a career. [PAR] At the school, the headmaster, Wybrandus Haanstra, became enchanted by Margaretha and pursued her. When a scandal broke out, Margaretha was asked to leave the school, so she went to live with her uncle, Mr. Taconis, in The Hague . [PAR] She Gets Married [PAR] In March 1895, while still staying with her uncle, 18-year old Margaretha became engaged to Rudolph (\"John\") MacLeod, after answering a personal ad in the newspaper (the ad had been placed as a joke by MacLeod's friend). [PAR] MacLeod was a 38-year-old officer on home leave from the Dutch East Indies , where he had been stationed for 16 years. On July 11, 1895, the two were married. [PAR] They spent much of their married life living in the tropics of Indonesia where money was tight, isolation was difficult, and John's rudeness and Margaretha's youth caused serious friction in their marriage. [PAR] Margaretha and John had two children together, but their son died at age two and a half after being poisoned. In 1902, they moved back to Holland and were soon separated. [PAR] Off to Paris [PAR] Margaretha decided to go to Paris for a new start. Without a husband, not trained in any career, and without any money, Margaretha used her experiences in Indonesia to create a new persona, one that donned jewels, smelled of perfume, spoke occasionally in Malay , danced seductively, and often wore very little clothes. [PAR] She made her dancing debut in a salon and instantaneously became a success. [PAR] When reporters and others interviewed her, Margaretha continually added to the mystique that surrounded her by spinning fantastic, fictionalized stories about her background, including being a Javanese princess and daughter of a baron. [PAR] To sound"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The customer is always right - meaning and origin. 'The customer is always right' - the meaning and origin of this phrase [PAR] Search | Phrase Dictionary | The customer is always right [PAR] The customer is always right [PAR] Famous Last Words [PAR] Browse phrases beginning with: [PAR] The customer is always right [PAR] Meaning [PAR] The trading policy that states a company's keenness to be seen to put the customer first. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Several retail concern used this as a slogan from the early 20th century onward. In the USA it is particularly associated with Marshall Field's department store, Chicago (established in the late 19th century). The store is an icon of the city, although it is set to lose its name in 2006 when, following a takeover, it becomes renamed as Macy's. In the UK, Harry Gordon Selfridge (1857-1947) the founder of London's Selfridges store (opened in 1909), is credited with championing its use. The Wisconsin born Selfridge worked for Field from 1879 to 1901. Both men were dynamic and creative businessmen and it's highly likely that one of them coined the phrase, although we don't know which. [PAR] Of course, these entrepreneurs didn't intend to be taken literally. What they were attempting to do was to make the customer feel special by inculcating into their staff the disposition to behave as if the customer was right, even when they weren't. [PAR] The trading policy and the phrase were well-known by the early 20th century. From the Kansas City Star, January 1911 we have a piece about a local country store that was modelled on Field's/Selfridges: [PAR] [George E.] \"Scott has done in the country what Marshall Field did in Chicago, Wannamaker did in New York and Selfridge in London. In his store he follows the Field rule and assumes that the customer is always right.\" [PAR] Whether the phrase was coined by Field or Selfridge it is fair to call it American. What we can't do is credit them with the idea behind it. In 1908 C\u00e9sar Ritz (1850-1918), the celebrated French hotelier is credited with saying 'Le client n'a jamais tort' - 'The customer is never wrong'. That's not the phrase that people now remember, but it can hardly be said to be any different in meaning to 'the customer is always right'."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dolores Ib\u00e1rruri | Wiki | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ... Dolores Ib\u00e1rruri | Wiki & Bio | \ud83d\udc64 Everipedia [PAR] Everipedia [PAR] Isidora Dolores Ib\u00e1rruri G\u00f3mez (9 December 1895 \u2013 12 November 1989) \u2013 known as \"La Pasionaria\" ( Spanish , \"the Passionflower \") \u2013 was a Spanish Republican heroine of the Spanish Civil War and communist politician of Basque origin, known for her famous slogan \u00a1No Pasar\u00e1n! (\" They shall not pass \") during the Battle for Madrid in November 1936. [PAR] She joined the Spanish Communist Party (PCE) when it was founded in 1921. In the 1930s, she became a writer for the PCE publication Mundo Obrero and in February 1936 was elected to the Cortes Generales as a PCE deputy for Asturias . After her exile from Spain at the end of the Civil War, she was appointed General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Spain , a position she held from 1942 to 1960. She was then named honorary president of the PCE, a post she held for the rest of her life. Upon her return to Spain in 1977, she was re-elected as a deputy to the Cortes for the same region she had represented under the Second Republic . [PAR] Biography [PAR] Dolores Ib\u00e1rruri was born to a Basque miner and a Castillian mother. She grew up in Gallarta, but later moved to Somorrosto ( Biscay ). Gallarta was next to a large siderite mine which became the second-most important in Europe in the 1970s and which shut down permanently in 1993. [2] She attended the municipal school as soon as she could talk. The curriculum was basic and mainly religious; discipline was harsh. Outside she and the other children sang revolutionary ditties, played pranks and took part in rival gang fights. A willful child, she was taken at the age of ten by her mother to the Church of San Felicisimo in Deusto to be exorcized. [PAR] Sometimes my small brothers and I engaged my mother in enlightening dialogue. One of us would ask the mother: [PAR] \"Is it true that we are all sons of God?\" [PAR] \"It's true.\" [PAR] \"Are we all brothers?\" [PAR] \"All!\" [PAR] \"Then if we are the brothers of so and so\u2014mentioning the well-off people in town\u2014why does Dad have to go to work everyday, even when it rains, while the slickers do not work and are better off than we are?\" [PAR] Here the theological reach of my mother eluded her grasp and she would retort full of anger, [PAR] \"Keep quiet! Children musn't ask such things!\" [PAR] Ib\u00e1rruri left school at fifteen after spending two years preparing for teacher's college at the encouragement of the schoolmistress. Her parents could not afford further education, so she went to work as a seamstress and later as a housemaid. She became a waitress in the town of Arboleda, the most important urban nucleus in the region of Somorrostro. [3] There she met Juli\u00e1n Ruiz Gabi\u00f1a, union activist and founder of Socialist Youth of Somorrostro. They married in late 1915, two years after the birth of their first child. [4] The young couple participated in the general strike of 1917 and Ruiz returned to jail. During this time, Ib\u00e1rruri spent nights reading the works of Karl Marx and others found in the library of the Socialist Workers' Centre in Somorrostro. [5] [PAR] Ib\u00e1rruri wrote her first article in 1918 for the miners' newspaper, El Minero Vizca\u00edno. The article came out during Holy Week and focused on religious hypocrisy, at odds with the Passion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full text of \"Major classification systems : the Dewey ... Full text of \"Major classification systems : the Dewey Centennial\" [PAR] See other formats [PAR] 020.715 A434 no. 21 Major Classification Systems: The Dewey Centennial LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 020/715 A434 no. 21 Lib. Scl The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN SCfcHCEUBew A'JG 21 1978 OCU 978 w 3 WAR JUL ooD N5V JUN JUN V <8 JAJ^D82007 985 1986 1998 L161 O-1096 ALLERTON PARK INSTITUTE Number 21 Papers Presented at the Allerton Park Institute Sponsored by Forest Press, Inc. and University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science and University of Illinois Office of Continuing Education and Public Service held November 9-12, 1975 Allerton Park Monticello, Illinois Major Classification Systems: The Dewey Centennial edited by Kathryn Luther Henderson University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Copyright 1976 by The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois LC Card Number: 76-026331 ISBN: 0-87845-044-0 * r r CONTENTS Foreword vii RICHARD B. SEALOCK Introduction ix KATHRYN LUTHER HENDERSON Library Classification: One Hundred Years After Dewey 1 DAVID BATTY The Historical Development of The Dewey Decimal Classification System , 17 JOHN P. COMAROMI Dewey Today: An Analysis of Recent Editions 32 MARGARET E. COCKSHUTT Summary of a Survey of the Use of the Dewey Decimal Classification in the United States and Canada 47 MARY ELLEN MICHAEL Dewey Today: The British and European Scene 59 JOEL C. DOWNING The Library of Congress Classification Scheme and its Relationship to Dewey 78 GORDON STEVENSON Factors in the Selection of a Classification Scheme for a Large General Library 99 PETER LEWIS Dewey Decimal Classification, Universal Decimal Classification, and the Broad System of Ordering: The Evolution of Universal Ordering Systems 113 HANS H. WELLISCH The Role of Indexing in Subject Retrieval 124 DEREK AUSTIN The Role of Classification in Subject Retrieval in the Future. ... 157 PAULE ROLLAND-THOMAS Contributors 175 Index . .179 VI Foreword One hundred years ago, in 1876, Melvil Dewey anonymously published the first edition of his classification system. Forest Press, publisher of the Dewey Decimal Classification since 1931, could think of no more suitable way to honor the DDC and its author during this centennial year than to bring together librarians interested in classification. It was with great pleasure, therefore, that Forest Press welcomed the opportunity to cosponsor with the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science the twenty-first annual Allerton Park Institute. Held on November 9-12, 1975, the topic of the institute was, most appropriately, \"Major Classification Systems: the Dewey Centennial.\" The goal of the Allerton conference was to provide a forum for an in-depth discussion of classification systems in general and of the DDC in particular. Experts in the field from the United States, Canada, and England presented papers on a variety of topics ranging from a look at recent editions of the DDC and a comparison between Dewey and the Library of Congress Classification, to an examination of the role of classification in subject retrieval. The first report on the survey of DDC use in the United States and Canada was also given at the conference. These papers, all original contributions to the classification field, have been collected in the present volume. Forest Press wishes to thank in particular the two people whose"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis: Truly the King of Rock and Roll Elvis [PAR] Elvis: Truly the King of Rock and Roll [PAR] [PAR] Although other entertainers, such as Bill Haley, Chuck Berry, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins, all had important pioneering influences on early rock music, it was Elvis who had the ability, magnetism, popularity, and lasting power to ensure that rock & roll would always be an important part of the pop music landscape. As all true Elvis fans know, however, Elvis Presley was not just a rock singer. In fact, much of his appeal and impact was due to his amazing versatility. During his childhood, Elvis was greatly influenced by gospel music and by rhythm & blues. He combined aspects of gospel, R& B, and country to develop a style all his own. Few other artists, if any, can perform all these varieties of music: spunky rock songs like \"Heard Headed Woman\" and \"Jailhouse Rock,\" lighter pop songs like \"Return to Sender\" and \"Good Luck Charm,\" country classics like \"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry\" and \"Help Me Make It Through the Night,\" blues songs like \"Blue Christmas\" and \"A Mess of Blues,\" middle-of-the-road standards like \"My Way\" and \"What Now My Love,\" sensitive ballads like \"Can't Help Falling in Love\" and \"It's Now or Never,\" and religious songs like \"How Great Thou Art\" and \"Crying in the Chapel.\" [PAR] Actually, Elvis is more than the King of Rock & Roll; he is a cultural phenomenon who has affected our entire society. It has been more than twenty years since Elvis died; yet his popularity is still very much alive. Each year millions of dollars' of Elvis products continue to sell and hundreds of thousands of his fans visit his former home Graceland. Clearly, interest in his music and life is still strong. [PAR] [PAR] So, let's see how much you know about The King of Rock & Roll! [PAR] Name one of his four songs that was number one on the pop, country, and R&B charts. [PAR] What was Elvis' biggest selling single? [PAR] What was Elvis' biggest selling movie album? [PAR] Name the leading lady in three Elvis movies. [PAR] What was Elvis' last Top 10 pop hit? [PAR] What was Elvis' closing song for most of his '70s concerts? [PAR] What was the month and year of Elvis' comeback special? [PAR] What western city gave Elvis a lukewarm reception in 1956? [PAR] What Elvis Christmas single went gold? [PAR] What Elvis song was a Top 40 pop hit more than three years after his death? [PAR] For a great book on The King of Rock & Roll, take a look at: [PAR] The Ultimate Elvis Quiz Book: What Do You Know About the King of Rock & Roll? [PAR] By W. Kent Moore and David L. Scott [PAR] Order The Ultimate Elvis Quiz Book Today! [PAR] The Ultimate Elvis Quiz Book has crossword puzzles, matching, fill-in the blanks, picture puzzles, and some of the greatest and unusual Elvis photos you have ever seen! Test your skill against the knowlege of two college professors who have put together a challenging book for even the most devoted fans of Elvis. Published by Rutledge Hill Press, the 144-page paperback retails for $9.95. A perfect gift for a baby boomer friend or a great conversation piece for your living room table. What do you know about the King of Rock & Roll?[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Elvis Presley | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame [PAR] Sign up for E-news [PAR] Elvis Presley"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sherlock Holmes (2009) - IMDb Sherlock Holmes (2009) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Detective Sherlock Holmes and his stalwart partner Watson engage in a battle of wits and brawn with a nemesis whose plot is a threat to all of England. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 08 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 23 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 13 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 21 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2016 [PAR] Search for \" Sherlock Holmes \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 10 wins & 25 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Sherlock Holmes and his sidekick Dr. Watson join forces to outwit and bring down their fiercest adversary, Professor Moriarty. [PAR] Director: Guy Ritchie [PAR] King Leonidas of Sparta and a force of 300 men fight the Persians at Thermopylae in 480 B.C. [PAR] Director: Zack Snyder [PAR] An adaptation of Homer's great epic, the film follows the assault on Troy by the united Greek forces and chronicles the fates of the men involved. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] A bored married couple is surprised to learn that they are both assassins hired by competing agencies to kill each other. [PAR] Director: Doug Liman [PAR] Danny Ocean and his eleven accomplices plan to rob three Las Vegas casinos simultaneously. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] After being held captive in an Afghan cave, billionaire engineer Tony Stark creates a unique weaponized suit of armor to fight evil. [PAR] Director: Jon Favreau [PAR] Jack Sparrow races to recover the heart of Davy Jones to avoid enslaving his soul to Jones' service, as other friends and foes seek the heart for their own agenda as well. [PAR] Director: Gore Verbinski [PAR] A police officer joins a secret organization that polices and monitors extraterrestrial interactions on Earth. [PAR] Director: Barry Sonnenfeld [PAR] Hancock is a superhero whose ill considered behavior regularly causes damage in the millions. He changes when one person he saves helps him improve his public image. [PAR] Director: Peter Berg [PAR] Danny Ocean rounds up the boys for a third heist, after casino owner Willy Bank double-crosses one of the original eleven, Reuben Tishkoff. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] Daniel Ocean recruits one more team member so he can pull off three major European heists in this sequel to Ocean's 11. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] A paraplegic marine dispatched to the moon Pandora on a unique mission becomes torn between following his orders and protecting the world he feels is his home. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] After finally catching serial killer and occult \"sorcerer\" Lord Blackwood, legendary sleuth Sherlock Holmes and his assistant Dr. Watson can close yet another successful case. But when Blackwood mysteriously returns from the grave and resumes his killing spree, Holmes must take up the hunt once again. Contending with his partner's new fianc\u00e9e and the dimwitted head of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The indigenous people of New Zealand are called ... The indigenous people of New Zealand are called _____. Aborigines Malayans Maori Zeelanders [PAR] The indigenous people of New Zealand are called _____. Aborigines Malayans Maori Zeelanders [PAR] The indigenous people of New Zealand are called MAORI. [PAR] Get an answer [PAR] The indigenous people of New Zealand are called _____. Aborigines Malayans Maori Zeelanders [PAR] Original conversation [PAR] This answer has been added to the Weegy Knowledgebase [PAR] Comments [PAR] Log in or sign up first. [PAR] Questions asked by the same visitor [PAR] Alex works as a customer service representative at an insurance company. Before starting his shift, Alex reviews issues from his last shift to make sure they have been resolved. What workplace habit does Alex show by doing this? efficiency initiative interpersonal skills problem solving [PAR] Weegy: The answer is: initiative User: Jorja always arrives at work when she is scheduled. She doesn't call in at the last minute to say that she can't work. If she needs time off, she plans in advance and makes arrangements to have a coworker cover for her. Which workplace habit does Jorja demonstrate by these behaviors? dependability punctuality self-confidence honesty Weegy: The answer is punctuality. User: What of the following is not a benefit of active listening? Restating what you heard in your own words leads to fewer misunderstandings. The person you are listening to feels confident that you have understood the message. You have an opportunity to tell the other person how you feel about what they have said. Responding with active listening can calm someone down who is angry or upset Weegy: Restating what you heard in your own words leads to fewer misunderstandings. User: What component of effective feedback is demonstrated by giving examples of how someone can improve their performance instead of saying the person has done it all wrong? objective specific timely sincere Weegy: It's objective User: While reviewing a Web site that seems to have lots of great information about the topic you are researching, you decide to check on the author of the site. You cannot find any information about the author and you cannot find any information about her credentials. What characteristic of an effective Web site is a concern? reputable author relevant verified unbiased Weegy: relevant User: Which of the following is a goal of paraphrasing and summarizing? to quote the main idea of what you have read, giving credit to the original source to restate what you have read, using your own words to review the most important supporting points from the original information to change the words and order of the sentences of what you have read Weegy: Which of the following is a goal of paraphrasing and summarizing? using your own words to review the most ... (More) [PAR] Question"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grace Kelly & Prince Rainier III of Monaco are married by ... Grace Kelly & Prince Rainier III of Monaco are married by Monaco's Bishop Gilles Barthe | Grace Kelly: her amazing life in pictures - Photography [PAR] Photography [PAR] Previous slide Next slide 18 of 42 View All Skip Ad [PAR] Grace Kelly, the Fifties film star who became a princess, was born in 1929. After making her name in films such as High Noon, Rear Window and To Catch a Thief, she married Prince Rainier III of Monaco on April 19 1956 and retired from acting. She died in a car crash in 1982 after suffering a stroke while driving. [PAR] 1948: American actress Grace Kelly and her sister Elizabeth wish their brother, Olympic medal-winning rower John B Kelly Jnr, good luck at Henley Royal Regatta, Henley-on-Thames [PAR] Credit: Evening Standard/Getty Images [PAR] A 1950s portrait of US actress Grace Kelly. Between 1950 and 1953, the young actress appeared on stage and in live TV productions. [PAR] Credit: Rex [PAR] Grace Kelly (1929-1982), is shown in this portrait from the early 1950s. In 1951 she made her little-noticed film debut in the film 'Fourteen Hours', but stardom would have to wait another two years. [PAR] Credit: Getty Images [PAR] 1953: Ava Gardner, Clark Gable and Grace Kelly in 'Mogambo'. This film won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. [PAR] Credit: Everett Collection / Rex Features/Everett Collection / Rex Features [PAR] 1954: James Stewart and Grace Kelly in 'Rear Window' [PAR] Credit: Moviestore Collection / Rex Features [PAR] Grace Kelly on the set of 'To Catch A Thief', some of which was filmed on the riviera, where she met Prince Rainier of Monaco [PAR] Credit: Keystone/Getty Images [PAR] Grace Kelly on the set of To Catch A Thief [PAR] Credit: Rex [PAR] 30 March 1955: Presenter Bette Davis poses with Marlon Brando, winner of the Best Actor Academy Award for On the Waterfront, and Grace Kelly, who won Best Actress for The Country Girl [PAR] Credit: Everett Collection / Rex Features [PAR] 5 January 1956: Prince Rainier III of Monaco and his fiancee Grace Kelly show her mother her engagement ring at the Philadelphia county club where the Kellys announced the engagement of their daughter and the prince [PAR] Credit: AFP/Getty [PAR] 23 February 1956: US actor Gregory Peck is flanked by Grace Kelly (R), awarded Favourite Actress for \"Henrietta\" and Jean Simmons, named Best Actress in a Musical Comedy during the 10th Annual Golden Globe Awards in Hollywood [PAR] Credit: AFP/Getty [PAR] Grace Kelly in her final film High Society (1956) [PAR] 27 February 1956: A dummy of the stamp to be issued by Monaco Stamp Office for the wedding of Prince Rainier with US actress Grace Kelly, to be held 19 April 1956 [PAR] Credit: AFP/Getty/AFP/Getty [PAR] Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier III of Monaco, pictured in the 1950s [PAR] Credit: REx [PAR] 12 April 1956: Prince Rainier III of Monaco and his fiancee US actress Grace Kelly are all smiles aboard his yacht Deo Juvante II in Monte Carlo's harbour, as Grace Kelly arrives from the USA for their wedding ceremony [PAR] Credit: AFP/Getty/AFP/Getty [PAR] 19 April 1956: A close-up of Grace Kelly during her wedding ceremony with Prince Rainier of Monaco [PAR] Credit: AFP/Getty [PAR] 19 April 1956: Grace Kelly on her wedding day [PAR] Credit: Rex/Rex [PAR] 19 April 1956: Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier III of Monaco are married by Monaco's Bishop Gilles Barthe [PAR] Credit: AFP/Getty [PAR] 19"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Politicians, etc - Steam Index Politicians, etc [PAR] Politicians, etc [PAR] Ministers of Transport, Prime Ministers and major landowners sometimes have had a major effect on railway development. This page mainly reflects their malign interference (Dalhousie and Huskisson are honourable exceptions) and will be be mainly activated by publications in journals like Backtrack rather than by biographies official or otherwise. [PAR] Barnes, Alfred John [PAR] Born on 17 July 1887 in Plaistow, London, the youngest of seven children of William Barnes, a docker and coffee-house keeper, and his wife, Lucinda Margaret Smith. At the age of eight he lost a leg in a fairground accident. He was educated at the Star Road Boys' School, at the Northampton Institute from 1905, and at the London County Council School of Arts and Crafts. After serving his apprenticeship he became a skilled designer and worker in precious metals. He established his own silversmith's business, which he relinquished in 1922 on his election to parliament. [PAR] From an early age he sought to improve the living conditions of the people of east London through co-operation and political action. In 1908 he joined the Stratford Co-operative Society and the Independent Labour Party (ILP). Barnes was an industrious and reliable person who gained widespread respect for his integrity which ensured his quick promotion; by 1910 he was secretary of the East London Federation of the ILP. He was elected to the management committee of the Stratford Co-operative Society in 1914 and became its president in 1915. In 1920 he played a major part in the founding of the London Co-operative Society, and served as its first president from 1920 to 1923. On 5 March 1921 Barnes married Leila Phoebe Real (b. 1900/01): there were three daughters of the marriage. [PAR] World War I gave Barnes the opportunity to achieve one of his aims\u0097the establishment of a Co-operative [political] Party with representatives at Westminster and on local councils. By 1917 co-operators were in \u0091revolt from one end of the country to another\u0092 (A.J. Barnes, The Political Aspects of Co-Operation, 1922, 14) because of the unfair treatment received from the coalition government regarding taxation (of dividends); allocation of supplies; representation on wartime fuel and food committees; and unjust decisions from military tribunals which exempted many owners and managers of small businesses from military service but denied similar concessions to managers of co-operatives. At the 1918 general election the party fielded ten candidates, but only one was elected. He was elected to the Co-operative Party's national committee in 1920, and was its chairman from 1924 to 1945. [PAR] At the general election of November 1922 Barnes was elected as MP for East Ham South, one of four Co-operative Labour candidates to be returned to parliament. On the opposition benches at Westminster they were swamped by 138 MPs who were elected on the straight Labour Party ticket. Barnes, the realist, recognized that the situation had changed. Barnes won increasing recognition from his colleagues in the Parliamentary Labour Party because of his pleasant manner and transparent sincerity. Between his election to the Commons in 1922 and the loss of his seat at East Ham South in the general election of 27 October 1931, he was appointed parliamentary private secretary to William Graham at the exchequer (1922\u00964), Labour whip (1925\u009630), and junior lord of the Treasury from 11 June 1929 to 23 October 1930. In the general election of November 1935 Barnes regained his old seat and retained it until his voluntary retirement in 1955. Although he followed the Labour Party line in domestic politics, in the late 1930s co-operative"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David and Goliath - Bible Odyssey David and Goliath [PAR] David and Goliath [PAR] Add this: [PAR] David and Goliath (1 Sam 17) by Keith Bodner [PAR] Some of the most popular and enduring stories involve an underdog who overcomes great obstacles and secures victory against the odds. Arguably the most famous of such stories is the unlikely triumph of David\u2014the young Israelite shepherd\u2014against the battle-hardened Philistine war machine, the nine-foot-nine Goliath of Gath. Even though many people have heard about \u201cDavid versus Goliath\u201d in the media, the actual details of the story in 1Sam 17 are less widely known. According to the biblical story, the Philistines and Israelites were locked in a heated struggle over a limited amount of land. The Philistines enjoyed a technological advantage (see 1Sam 13:16-22 ) and usually held the upper hand, but in this case the tables were turned. [PAR] How is Goliath characterized in this episode? [PAR] Most English translations call Goliath a \u201cchampion\u201d in 1Sam 17:4 , a paraphrase of a Hebrew expression that can more literally be rendered \u201ca man of the place between.\u201d If a combatant remains standing in the space between two armies at the end of the battle, such a person is a champion, and the implication is that Goliath has been effective in many such conflicts. Goliath\u2019s immense stature must be a reason for such success, but he is also heavily armored as he approaches the Israelite troops. Such a long description of a warrior\u2019s accoutrements\u2014beginning with Goliath\u2019s helmet, then moving down to the coat of mail and bronze greaves on his legs\u2014is uncommon in the Hebrew Bible . In fact, this portrait is much closer to depictions of warrior-heroes in Greek literature and in this case points to the Hellenistic roots of the Philistines. [PAR] But Goliath is also from the city of Gath, and according to Josh 11:22 , Gath is home to the \u201cAnakites,\u201d an ancient race of fearsome giants. Consequently, Goliath is pictured as the ultimate hybrid figure: a Greek warrior not unlike Achilles and a member of an ancient race of giants who struck terror into the Israelites moving toward the land of their inheritance (see Deut 1:28 ). Whoever takes on Goliath faces a formidable foe indeed. As if the description of Goliath\u2019s ancestry and weaponry were not enough, he is also presented as an intimidating speaker who verbally assaults the army of Israel and David himself, before any actual fighting: \u201cCome to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the air and to the wild animals of the field\u201d ( 1Sam 17:44 ). [PAR] What happens to the head of Goliath? [PAR] Goliath challenges the Israelites to choose a fighter to face him one on one, with the losing nation to become slaves of the other. Even for an experienced fighter this represents a daunting task, and David has to first convince Saul that he is equal to the task. Testifying about his prowess against lions and bears, David\u2019s speech is impressive, and Saul agrees to allow him to enter the ring. Even more impressive are David\u2019s words to Goliath, asserting that the battle belongs to God and that he intends to use the giant\u2019s own sword to decapitate him ( 1Sam 17:45-47 ). It should be noted that David rejects the offer of Saul\u2019s armor, but he does have a slingshot in his hand, a weapon customarily identified with Benjamin, Saul\u2019s own tribe (see Judg 20:15-16 ). David also takes a shepherd\u2019s staff in his other hand, an implement that in 1Sam 17:43"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stonewall Jackson at Battle of Bull Run - sonofthesouth.net Stonewall Jackson at Battle of Bull Run [PAR] Stonewall Jackson at Battle of Bull Run [PAR] [PAR] Battle of Chancellorsville Conclusion [PAR] July 19 At the first streak of dawn, Jackson aroused his men and resumed the march. Before the column gained the plain, Stuart\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds cavalry clattered past, leaving Patterson at Charlestown, in ignorance of his adversary\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds escape, and congratulating himself on the success of his cautious strategy. At Piedmont, a station at the foot of the Blue Ridge, trains were waiting for the conveyance of the troops; and at four o\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdclock in the afternoon Jackson and his brigade had reached Manassas Junction. The cavalry, artillery, and waggons moved by road; and the remainder of Johnston\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds infantry was expected to follow the First Brigade without delay. But in war, unless there has been ample time for preparation, railways are not always an expeditious means of travel. The line was single; so short notice had been given that it was impossible to collect enough rolling-stock; the officials were inexperienced; there was much mismanagement; and on the morning of Sunday, July 21, only three brigades of the Army of the Shenandoah\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdJackson\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds, Bee\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds, and Bartow\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtogether with the cavalry and artillery, had joined Beauregard . Kirby Smith\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds brigade, about 1,900 strong, was still upon the railway. [PAR] The delay might easily have been disastrous. Happily, the Federal movements were even more tardy. Had the invading army been well organised, Beauregard would probably have been defeated before Johnston could have reached him. McDowell had advanced from Washington on the afternoon of the 16th with 35,000 men. On the morning of the 18th, the greater part of his force was concentrated [PAR] McDOWELL\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdS ARMY 136 [PAR] at Centreville , twenty-two miles from Washington, and five and a half north-east of Manassas Junction. Beauregard\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds outposts had already fallen back to the banks of Bull Run, a stream made difficult by wooded and precipitous banks, from two to three miles south, and of much the same width as the Thames at Oxford. [PAR] It would have been possible to have attacked on the morning of the 19th, but the Federal commander was confronted by many obstacles. He knew little of the country. Although it was almost within sight of the capital, the maps were indifferent. Guides who could describe roads and positions from a military point of view were not forthcoming. All information had to be procured by personal reconnaissance, and few of his officers had been trained to such work. Moreover, the army was most unwieldy. 35,000 men, together with ten batteries, and the requisite train of waggons, was a force far larger than any American officer had yet set eyes upon; and the movement of such a mass demanded precise arrangement on the part of the staff, and on the part of the troops most careful attention to order and punctuality; but of these both staff and troops were incapable. The invading force might have done well in a defensive position, which it would have had time to occupy, and where the supply of food and forage, carried on from stationary magazines, would have been comparatively easy; but directly it was put in motion, inexperience and indiscipline stood like giants in the path. The Federal troops were utterly unfitted for offensive movement, and both Scott and McDowell had protested against an immediate advance. The regiments had only been organised in brigades a week previously. They had never been exercised in mass. Deployment for battle had not yet been practised, and to deploy 10,000 or 20,000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Linus Lleyn \"The Martyr\" ap Caradoc, Pope, 1st Bishop of ... Linus Lleyn \"The Martyr\" ap Caradoc, Pope, 1st Bishop of Rome (45 - d.) - Genealogy [PAR] Linus Lleyn \"The Martyr\" ap Caradoc, Pope, 1st Bishop of Rome [PAR] Is your surname ap Caradoc? [PAR] Research the ap Caradoc family [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] Linus Lleyn \"The Martyr\" ap Caradoc, Pope, 1st Bishop of Rome [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Died in Alia, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] brother [PAR] About Linus Lleyn \"The Martyr\" ap Caradoc, Pope, 1st Bishop of Rome [PAR] Linus the Martyr, his sister Claudia and her husband Rufus Pudens aided the Apostle Paul in the Christian Church in Rome, as recorded in II Timothy 4:21 and Romans 16:13 (Rufus Pudens and St. Paul are shown to be half-brothers, with the same mother but different fathers. \"His mother and mine.\" She thus appears to have been the mother of an elder son, Paul, by a Hebrew husband, and a younger son, Rufus, by a second marriage with a Roman Christian.) [PAR] notes or source: ancestry.com & HBJ 2 Timothy 4:21 Paul is writing to Linus in Rome. Linus was active as a Bishop in Rome (on Pauls instructions) before Peter arrived at Rome, and was undoubtably one of the Christians in Rome both Peter and Paul desired to see. It is only Roman Catholic tradition that teaches otherwise. This is understandable of course, because who wants to belong to the Church Linus built. Unfortunately tradition is not factually correct. The Church made the switch in the order of Popes to ensure Peter was the first Bishop of Rome, and I've heard some Roman Catholics concede as much. [PAR] Further corroboration of Linus' appointment as the First Bishop of Rome can be found in the writings of St. Peter himself. His words, preserved in the \"Apostolic Constitutions\" (Bk. I, Chap. 46) read: ' 'Concerning those Bishops who have been ordained in our lifetime, we make known to you that they are these; of Antioch Eudius, ordained by me, Peter; of the Church of Rome, Linus, brother of Claudia, was first ordained by Paul, and after Linus' death, Clemens, the second ordained by me, Peter. In another statement Peter affirms that Linus was a Briton, son of a royal king. Irenaeus, a disciple of Polycarp (Born cir. A.D. 130) and later Bishop of Smyrna, also confirms Linus' appointment. He wrote: \"The apostles, having founded and built up the Church at Rome, committed the ministry of its supervision to Linus. This is the Linus mentioned by Paul in his Epistle to Timothy.\" (Irenaei Opera Lib. III. C.I.). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3APope_Linus [PAR] Pope Saint Linus (d. ca. 76) was, according to several early sources, Bishop of the diocese of Rome after Saint Peter. This makes Linus the second Pope (or the first, if Peter is not considered to have been Pope). According to other early sources Pope Clement I was the Pope after Peter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Linus [PAR] Linus Lleyn \"The Martyr\" ap Caradoc, Pope, 1st Bishop of Rome's Timeline [PAR] 45"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Samuel Johnson Really Did | Humanities What Samuel Johnson Really Did | Humanities [PAR] What Samuel Johnson Really Did [PAR] He Made Dictionaries Matter [PAR] + Click on image to enlarge. [PAR] Plagued by financial problems for much of his life, Johnson, who, in fact, had to drop our of Pembroke College in Cambridge, before earning his degree, would fully appreciate the irony that a first edition of his 1755 Dictionary, above, can now go for as much as $25,000, the equivalent of some college tuitions. [PAR] Courtesy Manhattan Rare Book Company [PAR] + Click on image to enlarge. [PAR] Chris Porter, Special Collections, Vassar College Libraries [PAR] Samuel Johnson, poet, satirist, critic, lexicographer, and dyed-in-the-wool conservative was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England, on September 18, 1709. We are quickly approaching the tercentenary of Johnson\u2019s birth; scholars worldwide have been celebrating throughout the year. If someone\u2019s birthday is worth celebrating three hundred years after the fact, inevitably partygoers will spread their praise pretty thick, as praise for Johnson has been spread since James Boswell\u2019s Life of Samuel Johnson was published in 1791. As a result, legend has sometimes obscured the truth. Among other aspects of his career, Johnson\u2019s contributions to English lexicography are often misunderstood. It serves both Johnson\u2019s legacy and the history of lexicography to revalue his influence on the modern dictionary. [PAR] Though he disparaged Johnson\u2019s style, as well as his literary and political judgment, Thomas Babington Macaulay, in the Edinburgh Review in 1831, admitted that, due to Boswell, Johnson would be \u201cmore intimately known to posterity than other men are known to their contemporaries.\u201d We tend to presume on that acquaintance. Johnson scholar Jack Lynch anticipated the tercentenary spirit by asserting (in the title of his recent selection) that Johnson\u2019s A Dictionary of the English Language is the \u201cwork that defined the English language.\u201d The English language was doing pretty well before Johnson got involved; nevertheless, he has been taken for the Jupiter of lexicography since before his dictionary appeared in print in 1755. For all the mythology, you\u2019d think English vocabulary had sprung fully formed and irreproachable from his prominent, Augustan forehead. [PAR] Johnson may well be the most celebrated lexicographer of English, yet many claims about his lexicography are exaggerated. Conventional wisdom holds that Johnson single-handedly conceived and produced A Dictionary of the English Language. Though he gave up several years of full-time work to the Dictionary, Johnson wasn\u2019t the first professional lexicographer: John Kersey, author of A New English Dictionary, published in 1702, probably owns that distinction. And Johnson did not write his dictionary alone: He had half a dozen assistants, and the history of lexicography tells us that assistants influence dictionary-making more than either eighteenth-century social hierarchies or the Great Author theory behind Johnson\u2019s reputation admits. [PAR] Nor was Johnson\u2019s the first dictionary to employ literary quotations to illustrate meaning or usage. Putting aside major early modern dictionaries produced in France, Italy, and Portugal, John Florio\u2019s Italian-English dictionary, A Worlde of Wordes was, in 1598, the first at least partially English dictionary to use quotations, and by no means the last preceding Johnson. Johnson is also often credited with introducing sense divisions into dictionary entries, but Benjamin Martin had used them in Lingua Britannica Reformata, published in 1749. Martin may have got the idea from Johnson\u2019s Plan of a Dictionary in 1747, for Johnson proposed to \u201csort the several senses of each word, and to exhibit first its natural and primitive significance,\u201d followed by \u201cits consequential meaning,\u201d and then \u201cthe remoter or metaphorical signification.\u201d Whoever came up with it, no"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Obituary: Richard Avedon | Art and design | The Guardian Obituary: Richard Avedon | Art and design | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The career of the photographer Richard Avedon, who has died aged 81, was called by Susan Sontag \"one of the exemplary photographic careers of this century\" - alongside Edward Steichen, Bill Brandt and Henri Cartier-Bresson. He himself had no dearth of famous names in the fields of both photography and literature to accompany his volumes of images: from Mark Haworth-Booth and Harold Rosenberg, James Baldwin and Truman Capote to Arthur Miller and George Wallace. [PAR] Avedon was born in New York; his father owned a shop on Fifth Avenue. At 12 years old, he joined the YMHA camera club - an early photograph shows him with his Kodak Box Brownie in Central Park in 1935. He attended DeWitt Clinton high school in the Bronx, where he was co-editor, with James Baldwin, of the Magpie, the school's literary magazine, and became poet laureate of New York high schools. [PAR] From the start - after war service in the photography section of the US merchant marines - Avedon was linked to fashion, fashion magazines and Irving Penn. Never more so than in Helmut Gernsheim's oft-reiterated comments of their \"creation of a contemporary style\", utilising \"the same strength\" of assigning \"monumentality\" to their subjects. [PAR] But whereas Penn might go for the oddest juxtapositions - like turning South Sea islanders in warrior armour into fashion plates - Avedon eschewed anything that might intervene in the arresting clarity and deceptive simplicity of the early portraits. [PAR] Attached, aged only 21, to Harper's Bazaar, he had established his own studio a year later. His studies at New York's New School for Social Research, under the legendary Alexei Brodovitch (where Diane Arbus and Eve Arnold, among others, also trained), led directly to his appointment as a staffer on Harper's, where Brodovitch and Carmel Snow were commissioning editors. He stayed from 1945 to 1965, before branching out into Vogue, working under Diana Vreeland and Alexander Liberman (from 1966), and at the New Yorker, where, in 1992, he became the magazine's first staff photographer. [PAR] It was the glossy, east-coast magazines which provided the skeleton on which all the other myriad Avedon projects were fleshed. Partly, perhaps, a question of being in the right place at the right time: one could not invent a more appropriate outlet for the stark, but often naturally lit, portraits of models, artists, the famous and the infamous. [PAR] Despite Avedon's protestations against daylight, he had an even greater resistance to shadows - including those backdrop rims thrown up by flash. Something of the extraordinary print quality of those large-format black-and-white investigations has to be due to Avedon's printers, especially Earl Steinbicken. [PAR] Avedon's own interest was always in the people, never in the fashions. In fact, the models tended to add a layer of complication to what he fundamentally believed was the relationship between photographer and sitter. As he said: \"A photographic portrait is a picture of someone who knows he (sic) is being photographed, and what he does with this knowledge is as much a part of the photograph as what he's wearing or how he looks.\" [PAR] In the case of the model, of course, she was performing as a clothes horse, wearing the outfits and makeup assigned, and not necessarily presenting herself as she might choose. Yet it was Avedon's conviction that \"We all perform\" - with its necessary corollary that \"I trust performances\" - that allowed both for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mormons settle Salt Lake Valley - Jul 24, 1847 - HISTORY.com Mormons settle Salt Lake Valley - Jul 24, 1847 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Mormons settle Salt Lake Valley [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Mormons settle Salt Lake Valley [PAR] Author [PAR] Mormons settle Salt Lake Valley [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] After 17 months and many miles of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Utah\u2019s Valley of the Great Salt Lake. Gazing over the parched earth of the remote location, Young declared, \u201cThis is the place,\u201d and the pioneers began preparations for the thousands of Mormon migrants who would follow. Seeking religious and political freedom, the Mormons began planning their great migration from the east after the murder of Joseph Smith, the Christian sect\u2019s founder and first leader. [PAR] Joseph Smith was born in Sharon, Vermont, in 1805. In 1827, he declared that he had been visited by a Christian angel named Moroni, who showed him an ancient Hebrew text that had been lost for 1,500 years. The holy text, supposedly engraved on gold plates by a Native American prophet named Mormon in the fifth century A.D., told the story of Israelite peoples who had lived in America in ancient times. During the next few years, Smith dictated an English translation of this text to his wife and other scribes, and in 1830 The Book of Mormon was published. In the same year, Smith founded the Church of Christ\u2013later known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\u2013in Fayette, New York. [PAR] The religion rapidly gained converts, and Smith set up Mormon communities in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois. However, the Christian sect was also heavily criticized for its unorthodox practices, which included polygamy. In 1844, the threat of mob violence prompted Smith to call out a militia in the Mormon town of Nauvoo, Illinois. He was charged with treason by Illinois authorities and imprisoned with his brother Hyrum in the Carthage city jail. On June 27, 1844, an anti-Mormon mob with blackened faces stormed in and murdered the brothers. [PAR] Two years later, Smith\u2019s successor, Brigham Young, led an exodus of persecuted Mormons from Nauvoo along the western wagon trails in search of a sanctuary in \u201ca place on this earth that nobody else wants.\u201d The expedition, more than 10,000 pioneers strong, set up camp in present-day western Iowa while Young led a vanguard company across the Rocky Mountains to investigate Utah\u2019s Great Salt Lake Valley, an arid and isolated spot devoid of human presence. On July 22, 1847, most of the party reached the Great Salt Lake, but Young, delayed by illness, did not arrive until July 24. Upon viewing the land, he immediately confirmed the valley to be the new homeland of the Latter-day Saints. Within days, Young and his companions began building the future Salt Lake City at the foot of the Wasatch Mountains. [PAR] Later that year, Young rejoined the main body of pioneers in Iowa, who named him president and prophet of the church. Having formally inherited the authority of Joseph Smith, he led thousands of more Mormons to the Great Salt Lake in 1848. Other large waves of Mormon pioneers followed. By 1852, 16,000 Mormons had come to the valley, some in wagons and some dragging handcarts. After early difficulties, Salt Lake City began to flourish. By 1869, 80,000 Mormons had made the trek to their promised land. [PAR] In 1850, President Millard Fillmore named Brigham Young the first governor of the U.S. territory of Utah, and the territory enjoyed relative autonomy for several years. Relations became"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Depatment Meeting Jeopardy Jeopardy Template Depatment Meeting Jeopardy Jeopardy Template [PAR] What is the number of days of summer? [PAR] 93 [PAR] What is the year the school was establishe? [PAR] 1926 [PAR] What is an alternate Acronym? [PAR] Shhh,Texas, Ain't, Assessing, Rigor [PAR] Which 18th century dictionary compiler defined himself as a \"harmless drudge\"? [PAR] Samuel Johnson [PAR] What is the number of days in a row we will be away from Lanier for Winter Break? [PAR] 16 [PAR] What is the hottest month of summer? [PAR] July [PAR] What are jobs held by Sidney Lanier? [PAR] Lawyer, Soldier, Poet, Musician [PAR] What are the 2 types of writing? [PAR] Personal and Expository [PAR] What pen name was used by the Spanish orator Dolores Ibarruri, who said \"It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees\"? [PAR] La Pasionaria [PAR] What is your favorite place you have been on Winter Break? [PAR] ? [PAR] What is the most popular vacation spot according to The Travel Channel? [PAR] Paris [PAR] What is the 3rd floor? [PAR] Common place for the ghost [PAR] What is the number of questions on the 6th grade reading test? [PAR] 48 [PAR] Which author had the real name Charles Dodgson? [PAR] Lewis Carroll [PAR] What is the duration between the Winter Olympics? [PAR] 4 years [PAR] What is the number of school days until summer? [PAR] 104 [PAR] What was the location of the cafeteria? [PAR] Previously located in the library [PAR] What is meeting the growth measure? [PAR] Number of questions a student must get correct [PAR] Elvis Presley, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mary Tyler Moore, Ernest Hemingway, Jackie Gleason and Jerry Garcia all suffered from this medical condition? [PAR] Diabetes [PAR] Who was the author of the quintessential winter song, Jingle Bells? [PAR] James Lord Pierpont"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gorbachev | Define Gorbachev at Dictionary.com Gorbachev | Define Gorbachev at Dictionary.com [PAR] Gorbachev [PAR] [gawr-buh-chawf, -chof; Russian guh r-buh-chawf] /\u02c8g\u0254r b\u0259\u02cct\u0283\u0254f, -\u02cct\u0283\u0252f; Russian g\u0259r b\u028c\u02c8t\u0283\u0254f/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Mikhail S(ergeyevich) [mi-kahyl sur-gey-uh-vich,, mi-keyl;; Russian myi-khuh-yeel syir-gye-yi-vyich] /m\u026a\u02c8ka\u026al s\u025cr\u02c8ge\u026a \u0259 v\u026at\u0283,, m\u026a\u02c8ke\u026al;; Russian my\u026a x\u028c\u02c8yil sy\u026ar\u02c8gy\u025b y\u026a vy\u026at\u0283/ (Show IPA), born 1931, Soviet political leader: general secretary of the Communist Party 1985\u201391; president of the Soviet Union 1988\u201391; Nobel Peace Prize 1990. [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for Gorbachev [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] Of course, in Russia at that time you had just the beginning of Gorbachev, and glasnost and perestroika. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Gorbachev [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Mikhail Sergeevich (mixa\u02c8il sir\u02c8\u0261jejivit\u0283). born 1931, Soviet statesman; general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party (1985\u201391): president (1988\u201391). Nobel peace prize 1990. His reforms ended the Communist monopoly of power and led to the break-up of the Soviet Union [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012[DOC] [TLE] Soviet history, Soviet Union history, history of the ... Soviet history, Soviet Union history, history of the Soviet Union, history of Soviet Union, history Soviet Union on RussiansAbroad.com [PAR] Russia [PAR] Historical Background [PAR] The Soviet Union formally came into being under the treaty of union in December 1922, which was signed by Russia and three other union republics--Belorussia (now Belarus), Ukraine, and what was then the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (an entity including Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia). Under the treaty, Russia became known officially as the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The treaty of union was incorporated into the first Soviet constitution, which was promulgated in 1924. Nominally, the borders of each subunit were drawn to incorporate the territory of a specific nationality. The constitution endowed the new republics with sovereignty, although they were said to have voluntarily delegated most of their sovereign powers to the Soviet center. Formal sovereignty was evidenced by the existence of flags, constitutions, and other state symbols, and by the republics' constitutionally guaranteed \"right\" to secede from the union. Russia was the largest of the union republics in terms of territory and population. Ethnic Russians dominated Soviet politics and government; they also controlled local administration. [PAR] Because of the Russians' dominance in the affairs of the union, the RSFSR failed to develop some of the institutions of governance and administration that were typical of public life in the other republics: a republic-level communist party, a Russian academy of sciences, and Russian branches of trade unions, for example. As the titular nationalities of the other fourteen union republics began to call for greater republic rights in the late 1980s, however, ethnic Russians also began to demand the creation or strengthening of various specifically Russian institutions in the RSFSR. Certain policies of Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev (in office 1985-91) also encouraged nationalities in the union republics, including the Russian Republic, to assert their rights. These policies included glasnost (literally, public voicing--see Glossary), which made possible open discussion of democratic reforms and long-ignored public problems such as pollution. Glasnost also brought constitutional reforms that led to the election of new republic legislatures with substantial blocs of pro-reform representatives. [PAR] In Russia a new legislature, called the Congress of People's Deputies, was elected in March 1990 in a largely free and competitive vote. Upon convening in May, the congress elected Boris N. Yeltsin, a onetime Gorbachev prot\ufffdg\ufffd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spartacus - definition of Spartacus by The Free Dictionary Spartacus - definition of Spartacus by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Spartacus - definition of Spartacus by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Spartacus [PAR] Also found in: Acronyms , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Spar\u00b7ta\u00b7cus [PAR] (sp\u00e4r\u2032t\u0259-k\u0259s) Died 71 bc. [PAR] Thracian gladiator who led a slave revolt in Italy (73-71). He defeated Roman armies in southern Italy, but his forces were crushed at Lucania (71), where Spartacus was killed and many of his troops were crucified. [PAR] Spartacus [PAR] (\u02c8sp\u0251\u02d0t\u0259k\u0259s) [PAR] n [PAR] (Biography) died 71 bc, Thracian slave, who led an ultimately unsuccessful revolt of gladiators against Rome (73\u201371 bc) [PAR] Spar\u2022ta\u2022cus [PAR] died 71 B.C., Thracian slave, gladiator, and insurrectionist against Rome. [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Spartacists [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] One day in the spotlight wasn't nearly enough for Spartacus John Summers, the tot with Scotland's most heroic handle. [PAR] dressed in thedark [PAR] Speaking of when he first discovered that he was suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma in March 2010, Whitfield said: \"I was very exhausted at the end of the first season of Spartacus, but I think anyone would have been. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Spartacus | Define Spartacus at Dictionary.com Spartacus | Define Spartacus at Dictionary.com [PAR] Spartacus [PAR] [spahr-tuh-kuh s] /\u02c8sp\u0251r t\u0259 k\u0259s/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] died 71 b.c, Thracian slave, gladiator, and insurrectionist. [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for Spartacus [PAR] Expand [PAR] Spartacus Hero Liam McIntyre\u2019s Unlikely Rise into the Role Adam Auriemma January 26, 2012 [PAR] XBIZ and AVN award-winning starlet Ariel Rebel is smitten with Spartacus. [PAR] The Best of Brit Lit Peter Stothard July 8, 2010 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] The slaves had not merely risen in great bodies: they had found a leader who proved a real military genius in Spartacus. [PAR] Ancient Rome Mary Agnes Hamilton [PAR] What Washington would have done with Spartacus can readily be divined. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Spartacus [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] died 71 bc, Thracian slave, who led an ultimately unsuccessful revolt of gladiators against Rome (73\u201371 bc) [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Expand [PAR] Spartacus [(spahr-tuh-kuhs)] [PAR] A Roman slave of the first century b.c. He led an insurrection of slaves that defeated several Roman armies before being crushed. [PAR] The American Heritage\u00ae New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. [PAR] Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Duke of Windsor Dies at 77 - The New York Times The Duke of Windsor Dies at 77 [PAR] The Duke of Windsor Dies at 77 [PAR] By Reuters [PAR] LONDON, Sunday, May 28--The Duke of Windsor, who gave up the British throne in 1936 to marry an American divorcee, died in his home near Paris early today, a Buckingham Palace spokesman announced here. The Duke was 77 years old. [PAR] A statement from Buckingham Place, the official residence of Queen Elizabeth, the Duke's niece said: [PAR] \"It is announced with deep regret that his Royal Highness, the Duke of Windsor, has died at his home in Paris at 2:25 A.M., Sunday, May 28, 1972. [PAR] \"A further announcement from the Palace will be made later about the funeral arrangements.\" [PAR] The death announcement reached New York shortly after 1:10 A.M. Eastern daylight time. [PAR] The Duke, who reigned for 10 months as King Edward VIII before abdicating, had been ill for some time. [PAR] The Duke defied the British Establishment to marry Mrs. Bessie Wallis Warfield Simpson, a twice-divorced American. [PAR] The couple lived in virtual self-exile from Britain since the abdication. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth visited her ailing uncle at his Paris home during her state visit to France earlier this month. The Duke, who would have been 78 on June 23, was too ill to leave the first-floor sitting room of the house overlooking the Bois de Boulogne. [PAR] The Duke underwent a hernia operation earlier this year. [PAR] One of his personal physicians, Dr. Arthur Antenucci, of the Roosevelt Hospital in New York City, flew to Paris to see him two days ago. [PAR] In Paris, a spokesman for the Duke said: \"He died peacefully.\" [PAR] Asked what had been the cause of death, the spokesman--the Duke's longtime secretary, John Utter--said: \"Just natural causes.\" [PAR] Two weeks before the Queen, Prince Phillip and the Prince of Wales made their teatime call on the Duke and Duchess at their home near Longchamp Racecourse during the royal visit to France this month, the Duke was reported to be \"in need of a long rest.\" [PAR] After the 40-minute royal visit, the Duke was said to be in good spirits. Later the Duke's secretary said he was being treated at home for an illness, but its nature and his treatment were not disclosed. [PAR] Abdicated in 1936 [PAR] \"But you must believe me when I tell you that I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as King, as I would wish to do, without the help and support of the woman I love.\" [PAR] With these words, delivered with sadness over the radio on Dec. 11, 1936, to his subjects in Britain, Edward VIII, later the Duke of Windsor, became the first monarch in British history to voluntarily abdicate his throne, which he did 11 months after assuming it. [PAR] A popular king, Edward VIII touched off a sensation at home and abroad with the announcement that he intended to leave the throne to marry Mrs. Bessie Wallis Warfield Simpson, an American who had been twice divorced. [PAR] 'I Lay Down My Burden' [PAR] Edward had been determined to marry Mrs. Simpson, although Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin had tried to dissuade him, on the ground that the King, as head of the Church of England, would be violating the church's doctrines against divorce. [PAR] In the absence of legislation that would permit the marriage, King Edward chose to abdicate. He was succeeded by his brother, the Duke"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First man in space - Apr 12, 1961 - HISTORY.com First man in space - Apr 12, 1961 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First man in space [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On April 12, 1961, aboard the spacecraft Vostok 1, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin becomes the first human being to travel into space. During the flight, the 27-year-old test pilot and industrial technician also became the first man to orbit the planet, a feat accomplished by his space capsule in 89 minutes. Vostok 1 orbited Earth at a maximum altitude of 187 miles and was guided entirely by an automatic control system. The only statement attributed to Gagarin during his one hour and 48 minutes in space was, \u201cFlight is proceeding normally; I am well.\u201d [PAR] After his historic feat was announced, the attractive and unassuming Gagarin became an instant worldwide celebrity. He was awarded the Order of Lenin and given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Monuments were raised to him across the Soviet Union and streets renamed in his honor. [PAR] The triumph of the Soviet space program in putting the first man into space was a great blow to the United States, which had scheduled its first space flight for May 1961. Moreover, Gagarin had orbited Earth, a feat that eluded the U.S. space program until February 1962, when astronaut John Glenn made three orbits in Friendship 7. By that time, the Soviet Union had already made another leap ahead in the \u201cspace race\u201d with the August 1961 flight of cosmonaut Gherman Titov in Vostok 2. Titov made 17 orbits and spent more than 25 hours in space. [PAR] To Soviet propagandists, the Soviet conquest of space was evidence of the supremacy of communism over capitalism. However, to those who worked on the Vostok program and earlier on Sputnik (which launched the first satellite into space in 1957), the successes were attributable chiefly to the brilliance of one man: Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Because of his controversial past, Chief Designer Korolev was unknown in the West and to all but insiders in the USSR until his death in 1966. [PAR] Born in the Ukraine in 1906, Korolev was part of a scientific team that launched the first Soviet liquid-fueled rocket in 1933. In 1938, his military sponsor fell prey to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin\u2019s purges, and Korolev and his colleagues were also put on trial. Convicted of treason and sabotage, Korolev was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp. The Soviet authorities came to fear German rocket advances, however, and after only a year Korolev was put in charge of a prison design bureau and ordered to continue his rocketry work. [PAR] In 1945, Korolev was sent to Germany to learn about the V-2 rocket, which had been used to devastating effect by the Nazis against the British. The Americans had captured the rocket\u2019s designer, Wernher von Braun, who later became head of the U.S. space program, but the Soviets acquired a fair amount of V-2 resources, including rockets, launch facilities, blueprints, and a few German V-2 technicians. By employing this technology and his own considerable engineering talents, by 1954 Korolev had built a rocket that could carry a five-ton nuclear warhead and in 1957 launched the first intercontinental ballistic missile. [PAR] That year, Korolev\u2019s plan to launch a satellite into space was approved, and on October 4, 1957, Sputnik 1 was fired into Earth\u2019s orbit. It was the first Soviet victory of the space race, and Korolev, still technically a prisoner, was officially rehabilitated. The Soviet space program under Korolev would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Nobel's Life and Work - for Grade schoolers Alfred Nobel's Life and Work - for Grade schoolers [PAR] Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates [PAR] Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates [PAR] Alfred Nobel's Life and Work [PAR] Born in Stockholm [PAR] On October 21, 1833 a baby boy was born to a family in Stockholm, Sweden who was to become a famous scientist, inventor , businessman and founder of the Nobel Prizes. His father was Immanuel Nobel and his mother was Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. They named their son Alfred. [PAR] Alfred's father was an engineer and inventor. He built bridges and buildings and experimented with different ways of blasting rocks. [PAR] The same year that Alfred was born, his father's business suffered losses and had to be closed. In 1837, Immanuel Nobel decided to try his business somewhere else and left for Finland and Russia. Alfred's mother was left in Stockholm to take care of the family. At this time, Alfred had two older brothers, Robert born in 1829, and Ludvig born in 1831. [PAR] The house where Alfred Nobel was born. [PAR] Andriette Nobel, who came from a wealthy family, started a grocery store. The store had a modest income that helped in supporting the family. [PAR] Immanuel Nobel [PAR] Andriette Nobel [PAR] The Family Moves to Russia [PAR] After a time, Immanuel Nobel's business in St. Petersburg, Russia started doing well. He had opened a mechanical workshop that provided equipment for the Russian army. He also made the Russian Tsar and his generals believe that sea mines could be used to stop enemy ships from entering and attacking St. Petersburg. The mines stopped the British Royal Navy from moving into firing range of St. Petersburg during the Crimean War in 1853-1856. [PAR] With his success in Russia, Immanuel was now able to move his family to St. Petersburg in 1842. By 1843, another boy was born into the family, Emil. The four Nobel brothers were given first class education with the help of private tutors. Their lessons included natural sciences, languages and literature. At the age of 17, Alfred could speak and write in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. [PAR] A painting of Immanuel Nobel demonstrating his naval or sea mines to the Tsar of Russia. [PAR] Alfred Travels Abroad [PAR] Alfred was most interested in literature, chemistry and physics. His father wanted his sons to follow in his footsteps and was not pleased with Alfred's interest in poetry. He decided to send the young man abroad to study and become a chemical engineer. [PAR] Young Alfred Nobel. [PAR] In Paris, Alfred worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pelouze, a famous chemist. There he met a young Italian chemist, Ascanio Sobrero. Three years earlier, Sobrero had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. It was considered too dangerous to be of practical use. [PAR] Alfred became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be used in construction work. When he returned back to Russia after his studies, he worked together with his father to develop nitroglycerine as a commercially and technically useful explosive. [PAR] Moving Back to Sweden [PAR] After the Crimean War ended, the business of Alfred's father went badly and he decided to move back to Sweden. Alfred's elder brothers Robert and Ludvig stayed in Russia to try and save what was left of the family business. They became successful and went on to develop the oil industry in the southern part of Russia. [PAR] After the Nobel family's return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred concentrated on developing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Tom Thumb - Victoria and Albert Museum Tom Thumb [PAR] Tom Thumb's wedding, 1863 [PAR] Tom Thumb\u2019s real name was Charles Stratton. He was born a dwarf, or person of short stature (defined medically as someone whose adult height will not exceed more than four feet ten inches tall). In fact Charles Stratton was under two feet tall when American impresario Phineas Taylor Barnum hired him to be an \u2018exhibit\u2019 at his American Museum on Broadway. [PAR] Barnum exaggerated Charles\u2019s age, saying that the four year old was eleven, and altered his identity to \u2018General Tom Thumb\u2019 from London. Despite Charles\u2019s mother expressing concerns about this fabrication, Barnum insisted that it was a necessary marketing device and would ensure that his \u2018exhibit\u2019 was successful. [PAR] Barnum moulded the young Stratton into the character of General Tom Thumb with excellent manners and a haughty air. He taught him various stage routines and dressed him in specially tailored character costumes as Napoleon Bonaparte and Cupid. His routine contained comic patter and songs, the most famous being the hornpipe dance and song \u2018Yankee Doodle Dandee\u2019. [PAR] Tom Thumb first toured America in 1843 at the age of five and was a huge success. In February 1844 Tom Thumb made his debut on the London stage at the Princess\u2019s Theatre. The Illustrated London News called him \u2018a little monster\u2019. However Barnum managed to secure Stratton an audience with Queen Victoria and his subsequent appearance at the Egyptian Hall later that year was a huge success with the public flooding to see \u2018the wonderful little man\u2019. [PAR] Queen Victoria saw Tom Thumb three times and he met with other European Royalty. These royal meetings increased Stratton\u2019s profile and he became a very wealthy man with a house in the fashionable part of New York, a steam yacht and a fine wardrobe. When Barnum got into financial difficulty it was Stratton who bailed him out and eventually Stratton became his business partner. [PAR] In 1862 P.T.Barnum engaged Mercy Lavinia Warren Bump as an attraction at his American Museum. She was 21 years old and 32 inches (81 cm) tall. She first appeared in January 1863, advertised as 'the smallest woman alive' and 'the little Queen of Beauty'. Tom Thumb paid her a visit and just a few weeks later they were married, on 10 February, with her sister Minnie as a bridesmaid, and another of Barnum's attractions, 'Commodore' Nutt, as the 'best man'. The bride arrived at the church in a miniature wedding carriage, wearing a white satin dress and shoes, and a long lace train with a diamond necklace, a present from her husband. The reception at the Metropolitan Hotel displayed wedding gifts from the Astors, Vanderbilts, and President and Mrs Lincoln. The crowds outside were so big that the police had to cordon off the street. Barnum's involvement in the wedding was substantial and whilst he refrained from charging admission to the event, he drew up an impressive guest list of 2,000 guests to ensure maximum publicity. [PAR] In August 1866 a star attraction from America appeared at the Corn Exchange in Peterborough, England, billed as 'General Tom Thumb and his celebrated little wife together with their infant daughter, the wonder of the age, and the equally renowned Commodore Nutt, and the infinitesimal Minnie Warren.' [PAR] This was part of a tour during which they gave three performances daily, at 11am, 3pm and 8pm, with different songs, recitations and dances in each show. The second act of each performance began with Lavinia introducing her baby daughter on stage, and each show"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eamon de Valera | president of Ireland | Britannica.com Eamon de Valera | president of Ireland | Britannica.com [PAR] president of Ireland [PAR] Alternative Title: Edward de Valera [PAR] Eamon de Valera [PAR] William Thomas Cosgrave [PAR] Eamon de Valera, original name Edward de Valera (born Oct. 14, 1882, New York , N.Y., U.S.\u2014died Aug. 29, 1975, Dublin , Ire.), Irish politician and patriot, who served as taoiseach (prime minister; 1932\u201348, 1951\u201354, 1957\u201359) and president (1959\u201373) of Ireland . An active revolutionary from 1913, he became president of Sinn F\u00e9in in 1917 and founded the Fianna F\u00e1il party in 1926. In 1937 he made his country a \u201csovereign\u201d state, renamed Ireland, or \u00c9ire. His academic attainments also inspired wide respect; he became chancellor of the National University of Ireland in 1921. [PAR] Eamon de Valera, the leader of the republicans during the Irish civil war. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Early life [PAR] De Valera\u2019s father, who was Spanish, died when the boy was two. De Valera was then sent to his mother\u2019s family in County Limerick, Ire., and studied at the local national school and at Blackrock College, Dublin; he graduated from the Royal University, Dublin, and became a teacher of mathematics and an ardent supporter of the Irish-language revival. In 1913 he joined the Irish Volunteers , which had been organized to resist opposition to Home Rule for Ireland. [PAR] In the anti-British Easter Rising in Dublin (1916), de Valera commanded an occupied building and was the last commander to surrender. Because of his American birth, he escaped execution by the British but was sentenced to penal servitude. Released in 1917 but arrested again and deported in May 1918 to England, where he was imprisoned, de Valera was acclaimed by the Irish as the chief survivor of the uprising and in October 1917 was elected president of the revolutionist Sinn F\u00e9in (\u201cWe Ourselves\u201d or \u201cOurselves Alone\u201d) party, which won three-fourths of all the Irish constituencies in December 1918. [PAR] After a dramatic escape from Lincoln Jail in February 1919, de Valera went in disguise to the United States , where he collected funds. He returned to Ireland before the Anglo-Irish War (Irish War of Independence) ended with the truce that took effect on July 11, 1921, and appointed plenipotentiaries to negotiate in London. He repudiated the treaty of Dec. 6, 1921, that they signed to form the Irish Free State, however, primarily because it imposed an oath of allegiance to the British crown. [PAR] Rise to power [PAR] After D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann (Irish Assembly) ratified the treaty by a small majority (1922), de Valera supported the republican resistance in the ensuing civil war. William Thomas Cosgrave\u2019s Irish Free State ministry imprisoned him, but he was released in 1924 and then organized a republican opposition party that would not sit in D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann (now the lower house of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament). In 1927, however, he persuaded his followers to sign the oath of allegiance as \u201can empty political formula,\u201d and his new Fianna F\u00e1il (\u201cSoldiers of Destiny\u201d) party then entered the D\u00e1il, demanding abolition of the oath of allegiance, of the governor-general, of the Seanad (senate) as then constituted , and of land-purchase annuities payable to Great Britain. The Cosgrave ministry was defeated by Fianna F\u00e1il in 1932, and de Valera, as head of the new ministry, embarked quickly on severing connections with Great Britain. He withheld payment of the land annuities, and an \u201ceconomic war\u201d resulted. Increasing retaliation by both sides enabled de Valera to develop his program of austere national self-sufficiency in an Irish-speaking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Blue Dahlia (1946) - IMDb The Blue Dahlia (1946) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An ex-bomber pilot is suspected of murdering his unfaithful wife. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 24 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 19 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 13 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 11 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: The Blue Dahlia (1946) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A crooked politician finds himself being accused of murder by a gangster from whom he refused help during a re-election campaign. [PAR] Director: Stuart Heisler [PAR] When assassin Philip Raven shoots a blackmailer and his beautiful female companion dead, he is paid off in marked bills by his treasonous employer who is working with foreign spies. [PAR] Director: Frank Tuttle [PAR] After being hired to find an ex-con's former girlfriend, Philip Marlowe is drawn into a deeply complex web of mystery and deceit. [PAR] Director: Edward Dmytryk [PAR] An armored truck driver and his lovely ex-wife conspire with a gang to have his own truck robbed on the route. [PAR] Director: Robert Siodmak [PAR] When powerful publishing tycoon Earl Janouth commits an act of murder at the height of passion, he cleverly begins to cover his tracks and frame an innocent man, whose identity he doesn't ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: John Farrow [PAR] A man is murdered, apparently by one of a group of soldiers just out of the army. But which one? And why? [PAR] Director: Edward Dmytryk [PAR] Hit men kill an unresisting victim, and investigator Reardon uncovers his past involvement with beautiful, deadly Kitty Collins. [PAR] Director: Robert Siodmak [PAR] A beautiful secretary risks her life to try to find the elusive woman who may prove her boss didn't murder his selfish wife. [PAR] Director: Robert Siodmak [PAR] Frank Bigelow, told he's been poisoned and has only a few days to live, tries to find out who killed him and why. [PAR] Director: Rudolph Mat\u00e9 [PAR] With his law-breaking lifestyle in the past, an ex-con, along with his family, attempt to start a new life, knowing a betrayed someone from the past is bound to see otherwise. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] A married woman and a drifter fall in love, then plot to murder her husband. Once the deed is done, they must live with the consequences of their actions. [PAR] Director: Tay Garnett [PAR] When Kirk Bennett is convicted of a singer's murder, his wife tries to prove him innocent...aided by the victim's ex-husband. [PAR] Director: Roy William Neill [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When Johnny comes home from the navy he finds his wife Helen kissing her substitute boyfriend Eddie, the owner of the Blue Dahlia nightclub. Helen admits her drunkenness caused their son's death. He pulls a gun on her but decides she's not worth it. Later, Helen is found dead and Johnny is the prime suspect. Written by Ed Stephan <stephan@cc.wwu.edu> [PAR] Tamed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Invented the Little Black Dress? | Mental Floss Who Invented the Little Black Dress? | Mental Floss [PAR] Who Invented the Little Black Dress? [PAR] ThinkStock [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] The \u201clittle black dress,\u201d quintessential staple of any woman\u2019s wardrobe, isn\u2019t as timeless as most people think. An LBD is a classic in that it\u2019s neither a trend nor is it ever out of fashion, but its history is a surprisingly short one, dating back only about a century to the early 1900s. While history tends to credit French designer Coco Chanel with popularizing the design, the question of who came up with the little black dress first is a little more complicated than that. [PAR] As hard as it is to believe today\u2014when black clothing is the neutral, flattering norm, and the latest fashion is credited as \u201cthe new black\u201d\u2014dark-colored garments were hardly a stylish society woman\u2019s first choice years ago. Through the 1800s, black clothing was associated with mourning dress; in previous centuries, it was a symbol of luxury, as only the wealthy could afford costly black dye for their garments. Public perception gradually changed as history\u2019s fashionistas realized that black was not only a practical choice that did not show stains or spills, but also a stylish one that offset their expensive accessories to good advantage. By the time Coco Chanel came into the equation in the 1920s, black dresses of all shapes and sizes were already quite popular all on their own. [PAR] The specific little black dress so famously associated with Chanel appeared in a 1926 issue of Vogue, a simple, calf-length design shown with a plain string of pearls that was distinct in its contrast to the heavily embellished flapper styles that were popular at the time. The magazine called it \u201cChanel\u2019s Ford\u201d\u2014referring to Henry Ford\u2019s Model T car, the standard for all automobiles to come\u2014and predicted its role as \u201ca sort of uniform for all women of taste.\u201d A 1930 issue of Vogue later featured another black Chanel dress, made of sheer black lace with a matching capelet, which served to double down on the public perception of Coco Chanel having invented the fashion. However, designers like Edward Molyneux were simultaneously promoting their own, similar fashions, just without Vogue\u2019s endorsement. [PAR] Perhaps the most iconic little black dress of all is a work of the 1960s: Audrey Hepburn famously wore a little black Givenchy dress as Holly Golightly in the opening scene of Breakfast at Tiffany\u2019s, the movie that spawned a million Halloween costumes. That level of exposure may have truly cemented the little black dress as a cultural touchstone, so much so that we\u2019ve turned it into an acronym: LBD, which has been included in the official Oxford Dictionary of English since 2010.[DOC] [TLE] The Colorful History of the Little Black Dress - The New ... The Colorful History of the Little Black Dress - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Fashion & Style |The Colorful History of the Little Black Dress [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Photo [PAR] From left, Valentino, beaded silk-satin slip dress; Carolina Herrera, silk faille and organza halter dress; Yves Saint Laurent, lace with mousseline de soie lining, ankle-length evening dress; Ulyana Sergeenko, long silk peplum dress; Chanel, silk, Chantilly lace and cotton organza robe de style; and Oscar de la Renta, silk shirt and silk taffeta flounced skirt. Credit Adam Kuehl/SCAD [PAR] PARIS \u2014 The little black dress is an iconic French invention, right? [PAR] Created nearly a century ago by Coco Chanel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Origin of WAX | WAX 's Story of Origin | WAX 's ... The Origin of WAX | WAX 's Story of Origin | WAX 's History | The origin of Daily Use Products | TheOriginOf.com [PAR] February 7, 2008 \u2013 9:11 pm [PAR] WAX [PAR] Bees busily buzz around making fantastic honeycombs with their own wax. Later on Man copied them. The term \u2018wax\u2019 is a substance whose properties are akin to beeswax \u2013 plastic and malleable, with a melting point of 45 \u00b0C, having low viscosity when melted. It is not soluble in water. [PAR] There are two types of waxes \u2013 natural and artificial. The natural group can be segmented into animal wax, vegetable wax and mineral wax. Humans too produce wax and that is the earwax which is a sticky substance found inside human ears. Artificial wax is a chemical substance which is a combination of ester and two acids (fatty) \u2013 a sort of lipid. Apart from these natural varieties there are many synthetic waxes \u2013 polythene waxes, chemically waxes etc. [PAR] Thus wax is a very general term used to point to a long list of polar lipids. The wax is a protective covering on leaves of plants, fruits or animals. Some have mineral origins and can be found in lignite. Lignite is a stage in the transformation of vegetable matter into hydrocarbons. Waxes however cannot be bracketed into one chemical group that is homogenous. [PAR] Beeswax is a secretion oozing from the abdomens of bees. The flowers from which it is gathered determine the vibrant range of subtle colour. It has been in use from ancient times as found in Egyptian historical remains. They used it in shipbuilding as an adhesive and coating agent. The Romans used its waterproof material to treat paint on walls. During the Middle Ages it was a valuable form of currency exchange. Today its use is multifarious and indispensable. About 7000 tons is produced in the world annually. 60% of this is gobbled up by the cosmetic and pharmaceutical world. [PAR] Chinese wax is secreted from insects on branches. It requires 1500 insects to give 1g of insect wax. It is used in candle making and polishes. [PAR] Shellac is also from another kind insect and used in varnish manufacturing. [PAR] Wax is collected from the tissues and head cavity of the sperm whale. 3 tons is got from a 15 meter animal. From the 15th century it is being used as medicine and in the manufacture of cosmetics. But strong conservation action has put a stop to this form of animal torture. It has been replaced by synthetic wax. [PAR] Lanolin or wool wax secretes from the glands of sheep. Crude wool is collected and diluted with alkali to obtain the wax. It has been in use since ancient times as a cure for skin diseases. Today it is in great demand in industries connected with fabrics, ink and lubricants. [PAR] The \u2018queen of waxes\u2019 is carnauba \u2013 a kind of vegetable wax. Leaves of a plant found in Brazil secrete it \u2013 100g coming from a single tree per year. It is the hardest in the wax family. Mixed with beeswax it is used for making polishes and cosmetics as well as in food production. It adds the glaze to candies, gums, fruits. It is also used for coating paper. [PAR] Ouricouri wax used to be exported from Brazil since 1937 but recently it has been discontinued. It was squeezed out from a particular Brazilian plant. [PAR] Jojoba oil made its entry as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Toxic Cookware, Teflon Cookware, Whats Cooking America Toxic Cookware, Whats Cooking America [PAR] Article by Dr. Linda Posch MS SLP ND [PAR] [PAR] Since its debut, Teflon coated cookware has increased in popularity in kitchens worldwide. With good reason \u2013 this handy non-stick coating is simply a dream. Easy to cook on and easy to clean! [PAR] Teflon has literally revolutionized the manufacture of cookware. Even the worst of kitchen disasters cleans up in a jiffy when cooking on Teflon. One would be hard pressed to find any kitchen that did not have at least one Teflon coated piece of cookware. Teflon has become the way of the world. [PAR] Like many scientific breakthroughs, Teflon was accidentally discovered over 70 years ago by a scientist employed by DuPont. [PAR] The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) asserts that DuPont has purposely withheld health hazardous information regarding Teflon since the early 1980\u2019s. Peflourooanoic acid (PFOA), a chemical used to produce Teflon, has been appearing in blood samples of people world wide. DuPont, slapped with approximately 300 million dollars in fines, has agreed to pay a 108 million dollar lawsuit brought about by residents near one of its company plants as elevated levels of PFOA\u2019s have been found in surrounding drinking water supplies. [PAR] According to risk assessments by the EPA, PFOA\u2019s present significant developmental and reproductive risks in humans with the use of Teflon: [PAR] An increased rate of birth defects has been found in mothers working at DuPont. The company\u2019s response was to move female employees to other sections of the plant in an effort to reduce their exposure to PFOA\u2019s. [PAR] The chemical coating that we have all come to benignly cook on is also used in fire fighting foam and phone cables. [PAR] Variants of FPOA\u2019s are used to make the coating on stain resistant carpets and flame retardants for clothing and computers. [PAR] Teflon can also be found in nail polish removers, eyeglasses, and as lining in pizza boxes. [PAR] PFOA\u2019s do not break down in the environment anytime soon, causing forever pollution. According to Tim Kropp, a toxicologist with the Environmental Working Group, if all future exposure is cut off, it would take the body at least 20 years to detoxify Teflon chemicals. Finally, the EPA has recommended that PFOA be classified as a human carcinogen. [PAR] Be advised that Teflon is the trade name for a line of cookware. Other lines of non stick cookware that use the Teflon coating includes Greblon, Silverstone, Supra, and Excaliber. This is not a comprehensive list. Check before you buy. [PAR] Careful as we try to be, it inevitable that our Teflon pots and pans will endure scratches at some point. In fact, many are certain to have an old, bruised, battered, and scratched Teflon pan that has been part of the kitchen arsenal for years and years. Hardly a utensil that should be used for cooking. A utensil that delivers a dangerous toxic load with each meal it helps prepare. Given the fact that Teflon is typically used to cover aluminum pots and pans, we are experiencing yet a double chemical assault as explained below. [PAR] The bottom line \u2013 Teflon and its associated by-products are dangerous and pose a significant health hazard to all. [PAR] Other Cookware: [PAR] Aluminum Cookware \u2013 Aluminum cookware is not desirable due to the Alzheimer\u2019s and aluminum toxicity connection. If you will notice, your aluminum foil has a dull side and a shiny side. The dull side is a protective coating that separates the aluminum foil from contact with your food. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses | Castle Metals Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses | Castle Metals [PAR] Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses [PAR] Castle Metals [PAR] Put in the simplest terms, ferrous metals are those which contain iron, whilst non ferrous metals don\u2019t have any iron content. There are, however, other differences between the two types of metal which have a strong bearing upon the tasks which they are usually called upon to perform. [PAR] Ferrous Metals [PAR] The following are ferrous metals and the kind of uses to which they are usually put: [PAR] Mild Steel \u2013 Carbon content of 0.1 to 0.3% and Iron content of 99.7 \u2013 99.9%. Used for engineering purposes and in general, none specialised metal products. [PAR] Carbon steel \u2013 Carbon content of 0.6 to 1.4% and Iron content of 98.6 to 99.4 %. Used to make cutting tools such as drill bits. [PAR] Stainless Steel \u2013 Made up of Iron, nickel and chromium. Resists staining and corrosion and is therefore used for the likes of cutlery and surgical instrumentation. See our infographic celebrating 100 years of stainless steel usage in buildings or the different types of stainless steel . [PAR] Cast Iron \u2013 carbon 2 \u2013 6% and Iron at 94 to 98%. Very strong but brittle. Used to manufacture items such as engine blocks and manhole covers. [PAR] Wrought Iron \u2013 Composed of almost 100% iron. Used to make items such as ornamental gates and fencing. Has fallen out of use somewhat. [PAR] Non Ferrous Metals [PAR] These are the non ferrous metals and their uses: [PAR] Aluminium \u2013 An alloy of aluminium, copper and manganese. Very lightweight and easily worked. Used in aircraft manufacture, window frames and some kitchen ware. [PAR] Copper \u2013 Copper is a natural occurring substance. The fact that it conducts heat and electricity means that it is used for wiring, tubing and pipe work. [PAR] Brass \u2013 A combination of copper and zinc, usually in the proportions of 65% to 35% respectively. Is used for ornamental purposes and within electrical fittings. [PAR] Silver \u2013 Mainly a natural substance, but mixing with copper creates sterling silver. Used for decorative impact in jewellery and ornaments, and also to solder different metals together. [PAR] Lead \u2013 Lead is a naturally occurring substance. It is heavy and very soft and is often used in roofing, in batteries and to make pipes.[DOC] [TLE] Difference Between Steel and Cast Iron | Difference Between Difference Between Steel and Cast Iron | Difference Between [PAR] Difference Between Steel and Cast Iron [PAR] \u2022 Categorized under Objects | Difference Between Steel and Cast Iron [PAR] Steel vs Cast Iron [PAR] Iron is a hard grey metal, and heavier than any of the other elements found on Earth. During a process, impurities or slag is removed from iron, and it is turned into a steel alloy. This confirms that steel is an alloy, whereas iron is an element. Iron exists in natural forms, and scientists have found it in meteorite rocks as well. The main difference between the two elements is that steel is produced from iron ore and scrap metals, and is called an alloy of iron, with controlled carbon . Whereas, around 4% of carbon in iron makes it cast iron, and less than 2% of carbon makes it steel. [PAR] Cast iron is cheaper than steel, and it has a low melting point with an ability to mold into any form or shape because it does not shrink when it gets cold. Steel is made with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Measurement and Loudness of Sound - BrainMass Measurement and Loudness of Sound [PAR] Measurement and Loudness of Sound [PAR] Add [PAR] Remove [PAR] Pick a specific sound , give the decibels of the sound, and explain what this measurement means? [PAR] Example of the sound: Loud car horn on [PAR] http://home.new.rr.com/trumpetb/audio/dBexamp.html [PAR] Can you explain this to me? [PAR] Solution Preview [PAR] Please note the following quote from [PAR] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/sound/db.html#c1 [PAR] \"Decibels provide a relative measure of sound intensity. The unit is based on powers of 10 to give a manageable range of numbers to encompass the wide range of the human hearing response, ... [PAR] Solution Summary [PAR] Measurement and Loudness of Sound are investigated. [PAR] $2.19 [PAR] ... the other person walked away from it until he the loudness dropped to zero. This [PAR] distance was measured using a tape measure. We found that the sound level was ... [PAR] ... 2)The loudness of sound is based on intensity level measured in ... sound, give me the [PAR] decibels of the sound, and please explain what this measurement means ... [PAR] ... Why are they used? 7. Most environmental noise measurements are made using [PAR] a Type II meter. ... 9. How is loudness related to sound energy? ... [PAR] ... One way to study the relationship between sound frequency and ... were asked to perform [PAR] such loudness judgments for ... The data give the sone measurements for each ... [PAR] ... listening level (c) very soft (d) slightly loud (e) none ... 6. Two sound waves of angular [PAR] frequencies 900.0 rad/s and ... the fall of each, will be a measure of speed ... [PAR] ... fines to the perpetrators) is what the experiment wants to measure. ... if an experiment [PAR] measures a reaction of subjects to the loudness of a sound, the levels ... [PAR] ... sound heard by the piano tuner fluctuates in loudness with a ... the piano and the frequency [PAR] of the sound heard by ... the same, up to the units of measurement, and as ... [PAR] ... 7. At the Indianapolis 500, you can measure the speed of ... Suppose the sound of a certain [PAR] car drops by a ... is tuned to the same note to provide extra loudness. ... [PAR] ... as loud as the conversation they were having. What did Jacob say in response to [PAR] Anderson's claim? The decibel measure of the intensity of the sound follows the ... [PAR] ... intensity as differences in volume, scientists use the decibel (dB) to measure the [PAR] intensity ... To your ears, it sounds twice as loud\" (National Institute ... [PAR] View More[DOC] [TLE] What unit is used to measure the loudness of sound ... What unit is used to measure the loudness of sound? | Reference.com [PAR] What unit is used to measure the loudness of sound? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] There are two units used to measure the loudness of sound, phon and sone. Loudness is considered a subjective measurement which is influenced not only by sound pressure, but the length of the sound. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Phon is based on sounds heard at a 1000 hertz level. The sound is then rated by the listeners of the sound. If a person says that the sound seems to be around 50 decibles, then it is expressed as 50 phon, which means a 50 decibel sound at 1000 hertz. Sone is based on orchestral sound, where the lowest sound is assigned 40 phons. Each sone doubles in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Behavior of Sound Waves - Sound - Science | HowStuffWorks Behavior of Sound Waves - Sound | HowStuffWorks [PAR] Behavior of Sound Waves [PAR] Like light waves and other waves, sound waves are reflected, refracted, and diffracted, and exhibit interference. [PAR] Reflection [PAR] Sound is constantly being reflected off many different surfaces. Most of the time the reflected sound is not noticed, because two identical sounds that reach the human ear less than 1/15 of a second apart cannot be distinguished as separate sounds. When the reflected sound is heard separately, it is called an echo. [PAR] Sound is reflected from a surface at the same angle at which it strikes the surface. This fact makes it possible to focus sound by means of curved reflecting surfaces in the same way that curved mirrors can be used to focus light. It also accounts for the effects of so-called whispering galleries, rooms in which a word whispered at one point can be heard distinctly at some other point fairly far away, though it cannot be heard anywhere else in the room. (Statuary Hall of the United States Capitol is an example.) Reflection is also used to focus sound in a megaphone and when calling through cupped hands. [PAR] The reflection of sound can pose a serious problem in concert halls and auditoriums. In a poorly designed hall, a speaker's first word may reverberate (echo repeatedly) for several seconds, so that the listeners may hear all the words of a sentence echoing at the same time. Music can be similarly distorted. Such problems can usually be corrected by covering reflecting surfaces with sound-absorbing materials such as draperies or acoustical tile. Clothing also absorbs sound; for this reason reverberation is greater in an empty hall than in one filled with people. All these sound-absorbing materials are porous; sound waves entering the tiny air-filled spaces bounce around in them until their energy is spent. They are, in effect, trapped. [PAR] The reflection of sound is used by some animals, notably bats and toothed whales, for echolocation\u2014locating, and in some cases identifying, objects through the sense of hearing rather than the sense of sight. Bats and toothed whales emit bursts of sound of frequencies far beyond the upper limits of human hearing, as high as 200,000 Hz in the case of whales. Sounds with short wavelengths are reflected even from very small objects. A bat can unerringly locate and catch even a mosquito in total darkness. Sonar is an artificial form of echolocation. [PAR] Refraction [PAR] When a wave passes from one material to another at an angle, it usually changes speed, causing the wave front to bend. The refraction of sound can be demonstrated in a physics laboratory by using a lens-shaped balloon filled with carbon dioxide to bring sound waves to a focus. [PAR] Diffraction [PAR] When sound waves pass around an obstacle or through an opening in an obstacle, the edge of the obstacle or the opening acts as a secondary sound source, sending out waves of the same frequency and wavelength (but of lower intensity) as the original source. The spreading out of sound waves from the secondary source is called diffraction. Because of this phenomenon, sound can be heard around corners despite the fact that sound waves generally travel in a straight line. [PAR] Interference [PAR] Whenever waves interact, interference occurs. For sound waves the phenomenon is perhaps best understood by thinking in terms of the compressions and rarefactions of the two waves as they arrive at some point. When the waves are in phase so that their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iguana (Iguana Iguana) - Animals - A-Z Animals - Animal ... Iguana (Iguana Iguana) - Animals - A-Z Animals [PAR] Five groups that classify all living things [PAR] Animalia [PAR] A group of animals within the animal kingdom [PAR] Chordata [PAR] A group of animals within a pylum [PAR] Reptilia [PAR] A group of animals within a class [PAR] Squamata [PAR] A group of animals within an order [PAR] Iguanidae [PAR] A group of animals within a family [PAR] Iguana [PAR] Comprised of the genus followed by the species [PAR] Iguana Iguana [PAR] The animal group that the species belongs to [PAR] Reptile [PAR] What kind of foods the animal eats [PAR] Omnivore [PAR] How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is [PAR] 0.91-1.83m (3-6ft) [PAR] The measurement of how heavy the animal is [PAR] 4-8kg (8.8-17.6lbs) [PAR] The fastest recorded speed of the animal [PAR] 35km/h (21mph) [PAR] How long the animal lives for [PAR] 15-20 years [PAR] Whether the animal is solitary or sociable [PAR] Solitary [PAR] The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct [PAR] Threatened [PAR] The colour of the animal's coat or markings [PAR] Green, Brown, Yellow [PAR] The protective layer of the animal [PAR] Scales [PAR] The specific area where the animal lives [PAR] Lowland tropical rainforest near water [PAR] The average number of babies born at once [PAR] 3 [PAR] Other animals that hunt and eat the animal [PAR] Hawk, Eagle, Snakes [PAR] Long tongue and change skin colour with mood [PAR] Iguana Location [PAR] Map of South America [PAR] Iguana [PAR] Iguanas are native to the jungles of central and south America, and the Caribbean. The iguana is a large docile species of lizard , meaning that iguanas are often a popular choice when keeping exotic pets. [PAR] Iguanas have excellent sight allowing the iguana to detect movement from incredibly long distances. The iguana can use this skill to seek out prey and be aware of approaching predators often before the predators has even noticed the iguana. [PAR] It is said that the iguana uses visual signals to communicate with other iguanas . The iguanas do this through a series a rapid eye movements that other iguanas are able to pick up on easily due to the excellent sight of the iguana. [PAR] Green Iguanas are forest dwelling lizards that live high in the tree canopy of the South American rainforest . Young iguanas get to grips with tree top living by staying in areas lower in the canopies while older mature adult iguanas reside higher up in the tree tops. This tree dwelling habit allows the iguana to bask in the sun, with little need to go down to the forest floor below. The only real exception to this is when the female iguanas must come down from their sky high home in order to dig burrows in which the female iguanas lay their eggs. [PAR] Although iguanas tend to prefer the forest environment , iguanas can adjust well to a more open areas. However, wherever the iguanas inhabit, iguanas prefer to have water around them as iguanas are excellent swimmers and will often dive beneath the water to avoid oncoming predators. [PAR] Although iguanas are classed as omnivores , most iguana individuals in the wild, tend to enjoy a very herbivorous diet , with ripened fruit being one of the iguanas favourite foods along with leafy green plants. Most mature adult iguanas weigh around 4 kg, but it is not uncommon for large, healthy iguanas where food is in good supply, to weigh up to 8 kg and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What name is given to the molten rock below the Earth's ... What name is given to the molten rock below the Earth's surface? | Reference.com [PAR] What name is given to the molten rock below the Earth's surface? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The molten rock below the Earth\u2019s surface is known as magma. Magma is a combination of a molten and semi-molten rock mixture that is extremely hot. Magma is between 1,292 and 2,372 degrees Fahrenheit, or 700 and 1,300 degrees Celsius. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Magma is a dynamic and fluid substance that is capable of creating new landforms. This molten rock starts in the upper part of the mantle and the lower portion of the crust. When magma erupts from a volcano or other vent, the molten rock is referred to as lava. When lava cools on the Earth\u2019s surface and forms a solid structure, it is called igneous rock.[DOC] [TLE] What is molten rock? | Reference.com What is molten rock? | Reference.com [PAR] What is molten rock? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Molten rock is rock heated to a temperature that is sufficient to turn it into a thick liquid. Molten rock often is associated with lava from a volcano. Additionally, molten rock exists below the surface of the Earth. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Magma spewed from a volcano includes molten and semi-molten rock. The temperature at which a rock melts and becomes molten depends on the mineral or minerals within the rock itself. Different minerals possess different melting points. Carbonatite minerals have lower melting points while komatite minerals melt at higher temperatures. Many rocks are comprised of different minerals, resulting in disparate melting points for an individual rock."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CDC \u2013 Control of Infectious Diseases Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Control of Infectious Diseases [PAR] mmwrq@cdc.gov . Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. [PAR] Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Control of Infectious Diseases [PAR] Deaths from infectious diseases have declined markedly in the United States during the 20th century ( Figure 1 ). This decline contributed to a sharp drop in infant and child mortality (1,2) and to the 29.2-year increase in life expectancy (2). In 1900, 30.4% of all deaths occurred among children aged less than 5 years; in 1997, that percentage was only 1.4%. In 1900, the three leading causes of death were pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and diarrhea and enteritis, which (together with diphtheria) caused one third of all deaths ( Figure 2 ). Of these deaths, 40% were among children aged less than 5 years (1). In 1997, heart disease and cancers accounted for 54.7% of all deaths, with 4.5% attributable to pneumonia, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (2). Despite this overall progress, one of the most devastating epidemics in human history occurred during the 20th century: the 1918 influenza pandemic that resulted in 20 million deaths, including 500,000 in the United States, in less than 1 year--more than have died in as short a time during any war or famine in the world (3). HIV infection, first recognized in 1981, has caused a pandemic that is still in progress, affecting 33 million people and causing an estimated 13.9 million deaths (4). These episodes illustrate the volatility of infectious disease death rates and the unpredictability of disease emergence. [PAR] Public health action to control infectious diseases in the 20th century is based on the 19th century discovery of microorganisms as the cause of many serious diseases (e.g., cholera and TB). Disease control resulted from improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery of antibiotics, and the implementation of universal childhood vaccination programs. Scientific and technologic advances played a major role in each of these areas and are the foundation for today's disease surveillance and control systems. Scientific findings also have contributed to a new understanding of the evolving relation between humans and microbes (5). [PAR] CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES [PAR] Sanitation and Hygiene [PAR] The 19th century shift in population from country to city that accompanied industrialization and immigration led to overcrowding in poor housing served by inadequate or nonexistent public water supplies and waste-disposal systems. These conditions resulted in repeated outbreaks of cholera, dysentery, TB, typhoid fever, influenza, yellow fever, and malaria. [PAR] By 1900, however, the incidence of many of these diseases had begun to decline because of public health improvements, implementation of which continued into the 20th century. Local, state, and federal efforts to improve sanitation and hygiene reinforced the concept of collective \"public health\" action (e.g., to prevent infection by providing clean drinking water). By 1900, 40 of the 45 states had established health departments. The first county health departments were established in 1908 (6). From the 1930s through the 1950s, state and local health departments made substantial progress in disease prevention activities, including sewage disposal, water treatment, food safety, organized solid waste disposal, and public education about hygienic practices (e.g., foodhandling and handwashing). Chlorination and other treatments of drinking water began in the early 1900s and became widespread public health practices, further decreasing the incidence of waterborne diseases. The incidence of TB also declined as improvements in housing reduced crowding and TB-control programs were initiated. In 1900, 194 of every 100,000 U.S. residents died from TB; most were residents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tendon | Article about tendon by The Free Dictionary Tendon | Article about tendon by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Tendon | Article about tendon by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/tendon [PAR] Related to tendon: Achilles tendon [PAR] tendon, [PAR] tough cord composed of closely packed white fibers of connective tissue that serves to attach muscles to internal structures such as bones or other muscles. Sometimes when the muscle involved is thin and wide, the tendon is not a cord but a thin sheet known as an aponeurosis. The purpose of the tendon in attaching muscle to bone is to enable the power of the muscle to transfer over a distance. For example, when one wants to move a finger, specific muscles in the forearm contract and pull on ligaments that in turn pull the finger bones to produce the desired action. [PAR] Tendon [PAR] A cord connecting a muscle to another structure, often a bone. A tendon is a passive material, lengthening when the tension increases and shortening when it decreases. This characteristic contrasts with the active behavior of muscle. Away from its muscle, a tendon is a compact cord. At the muscle, it spreads into thin sheets called aponeuroses, which lie over and sometimes within the muscle belly. The large surface area of the aponeuroses allows the attachment of muscle fibers with a total cross-sectional area that is typically 50 times that of the tendon. See Muscle [PAR] Tendons are living tissues that contain cells. In adult tendons, the cells occupy only a very small proportion of the volume and have a negligible effect on the mechanical properties. Like other connective tissues, tendon depends on the protein collagen for its strength and rigidity. The arrangement of the long, thin collagenous fibers is essentially longitudinal, but incorporates a characteristic waviness known as crimp. The fibers lie within a matrix of aqueous gel. Thus, tendon is a fiber-reinforced composite (like fiberglass), but its collagen is much less stiff than the glass and its matrix is very much less stiff than the resin. See Collagen [PAR] The function of tendons is to transmit force. They allow the force from the muscle to be applied in a restricted region. For example, the main muscles of the fingers are in the forearm, with tendons to the fingertips. If the hand had to accommodate these muscles, it would be too plump to be functional. Tendon extension can also be significant in the movement of a joint. For example, the tendon which flexes a human thumb joint is about 7 in. (170 mm) long. The maximum force from its muscle stretches this tendon about 0.1 in. (2.9 mm), which corresponds to rotation of the joint through an angle of about 21\u00b0. See Joint (anatomy) [PAR] Some tendons save energy by acting as springs. In humans, the Achilles tendon reduces the energy needed for running by about 35%. This tendon is stretched during the first half of each step, storing energy which is then returned during takeoff. This elastic energy transfer involves little energy loss, whereas the equivalent work done by muscles would require metabolic energy in both stages. See Connective tissue , Muscular system [PAR] Tendon [PAR] [PAR] a cord consisting of connective tissue; a tendon attaches a muscle to a bone and causes a contracting muscle to move. Tendons are composed of thick, strong, inelastic collagen fibers. The fibers are continuous with the muscle fibers at one end and are interwoven into the periosteum at the other end. Tendons vary in shape; those attached to long muscles are cylindrical, and those attached to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teeth - Anatomy Pictures and Information - InnerBody Teeth - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Home > Skeletal System > Bones of the Head and Neck > Teeth [PAR] Teeth [PAR] The teeth are a group of hard organs found in the oral cavity. We use teeth to masticate (or chew) food into tiny pieces. They also provide shape to the mouth and face and are important components in producing speech. [PAR] A tooth can be divided into two main parts: the crown and root. Found above the gum line, the crown is the enlarged region of the tooth involved in chewing. Like an actual crown, the crown of a tooth has many ridges on its top surface to aid in the chewing of food. Below the gum line is the region of the tooth called the root, which anchors the tooth into a bony socket known as an alveolus.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Teeth: Dental Plaque and Periodontal Disease [PAR] Full Teeth Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . Roots are tapered structures resembling the roots of plants, and each tooth may have between one to three roots. The exterior surface of the root is covered in a bone-like mixture of calcium and collagen fibers known as cementum. Cementum provides grip for the periodontal ligaments that anchor the root to the surrounding alveolus. [PAR] Each tooth is an organ consisting of three layers: the pulp, dentin, and enamel. [PAR] The pulp of the tooth is a vascular region of soft connective tissues in the middle of the tooth. Tiny blood vessels and nerve fibers enter the pulp through small holes in the tip of the roots to support the hard outer structures. Stem cells known as odontoblasts form the dentin of the tooth at the edge of the pulp. [PAR] Surrounding the pulp is the dentin, a tough, mineralized layer of tissue. Dentin is much harder than the pulp due to the presence of collagen fibers and hydroxylapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral that is one of the strongest materials found in nature. The structure of the dentin layer is very porous, allowing nutrients and materials produced in the pulp to spread through the tooth. [PAR] The enamel \u2013 the white, outer layer of the crown \u2013 forms an extremely hard, nonporous cap over the dentin. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and is made almost exclusively of hydroxylapatite. [PAR] Teeth are classified into four major groups: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. [PAR] Incisors are chisel-shaped teeth found in the front of the mouth and have a flat apical surface for cutting food into smaller bits. [PAR] Canine teeth, also known as cuspids, are sharply pointed, cone-shaped teeth that are used for ripping tough material like meat. They flank the incisors on both sides. [PAR] Premolars (bicuspids) and molars are large, flat-surfaced teeth found in the back of the mouth. Peaks and valleys on the flat apical surface of premolars and molars are used for chewing and grinding food into tiny pieces. [PAR] Babies are born without teeth, but grow a temporary set of twenty deciduous teeth (eight incisors, four canines, and eight molars) between the ages of six months and three years. Baby teeth fill the child\u2019s tiny jaws and allow the child to chew food while larger, stronger adult teeth develop inside the mandible and maxilla bones."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frequently Asked Questions about Snow Crystals Frequently Asked Questions about Snow Crystals [PAR] ... Things you always wanted to know about snow crystals ... [PAR] Why do snow crystals form in such complex and symmetrical shapes? [PAR] To see why snowflakes look like they do, consider the life history of a single snow crystal, as shown in the diagram at right. (Click on the picture for a larger view.) [PAR] The story begins up in a cloud, when a minute cloud droplet first freezes into a tiny particle of ice. As water vapor starts condensing on its surface, the ice particle quickly develops facets , thus becoming a small hexagonal prism . For a while it keeps this simple faceted shape as it grows. [PAR] As the crystal becomes larger, however, branches begin to sprout from the six corners of the hexagon (this is the third stage in the diagram at right). Since the atmospheric conditions (e. g. temperature and humidity) are nearly constant across the small crystal, the six budding arms all grow out at roughly the same rate. [PAR] While it grows, the crystal is blown to and fro inside the clouds, so the temperature it sees changes randomly with time. But the crystal growth depends strongly on temperature (as is seen in the morphology diagram ). Thus the six arms of the snow crystal each change their growth with time. And because all six arms see the same conditions at the same times, they all grow about the same way. The end result is a complex, branched structure that is also six-fold symmetric. And note also that since snow crystals all follow slightly different paths through the clouds, individual crystals all tend to look different. [PAR] The story is pretty simple, really, nicely encapsulated in the diagram above. And it's even a bit amazing, when you stop to ponder it -- the whole complex, beautiful, symmetrical structure of a snow crystal simply arises spontaneously, quite literally out of thin air, as it tumbles through the clouds. What synchronizes the growth of the six arms? [PAR] Nothing. The six arms of a snow crystal all grow independently, as described in the previous section. But since they grow under the same randomly changing conditions, all six end up with similar shapes. [PAR] If you think this is hard to swallow, let me assure you that the vast majority of snow crystals are not very symmetrical. Don't be fooled by the pictures -- irregular crystals (see the Guide to Snowflakes ) are by far the most common type. If you don't believe me, just take a look for yourself next time it snows. Near-perfect, symmetrical snow crystals are fun to look at, but they are not common. Why do snow crystals have six arms? The six-fold symmetry of a snow crystal ultimately derives from the hexagonal geometry of the ice crystal lattice . But the lattice has molecular dimensions, so it's not trivial how this nano-scale symmetry is transferred to the structure of a large snow crystal. [PAR] The way it works is through faceting . No long-range forces are necessary to form facets; they appear simply because of how the molecules hook up locally in the lattice (see Crystal Faceting for how this works). From faceting we get hexagonal prisms , which are large structures with six-fold symmetry. Eventually arms sprout from the corners of a prism, and six corners means six arms. [PAR] Faceting is how the geometry of the water molecule is transferred to the geometry of a large snow crystal. Why is snow white?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Discovery of the Electron: J . J. Thomson - Web.LeMoyne.Edu Discovery of the Electron: J. J. Thomson [PAR] Elements and Atoms: Chapter 16 [PAR] Discovery of the Electron: J. J. Thomson [PAR] Joseph John Thomson (J. J. Thomson, 1856-1940; see photo at the Science Museum, London) is widely recognized as the discoverer of the electron. Thomson was the Cavendish professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge University and director of its Cavendish Laboratory from 1884 until 1919. For much of his career, Thomson worked on various aspects of the conduction of electricity through gases. In 1897 he reported that \"cathode rays\" were actually negatively charged particles in motion; he argued that the charged particles weighed much less than the lightest atom and were in fact constituents of atoms [Thomson 1897a, 1897b ]. In 1899, he measured the charge of the particles, and speculated on how they were assembled into atoms [ Thomson 1899 ]. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1906 for this work, and in 1908 he was knighted. His Nobel lecture is reproduced below. [PAR] The case of the electron raises several interesting points about the discovery process. Clearly, the characterization of cathode rays was a process begun long before Thomson's work, and several scientists made important contributions. In what sense, then, can Thomson be said to have discovered the electron? After all, he did not invent the vacuum tube or discover cathode rays. Discovery is often a cumulative process. The credited discoverer makes crucial contributions to be sure, but often after fundamental observations have been made and tools invented by others. Thomson was not the only physicist to measure the charge-to-mass ratio of cathode rays in 1897, nor the first to announce his results. (See Pais 1986.) But Thomson did carry out this measurement and (later) the measurement of the particles's charge, and he recognized its importance as a constituent of ordinary matter. [PAR] Carriers of negative electricity [PAR] Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1906; in [PAR] Nobel Lectures: Physics, 1901-1921 [PAR] (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1967), pp. 145-153 [PAR] Introductory [PAR] In this lecture I wish to give an account of some investigations which have led to the conclusion that the carriers of negative electricity are bodies, which I have called corpuscles [1] , having a mass very much smaller than that of the atom of any known element, and are of the same character from whatever source the negative electricity may be derived. [2] [PAR] The first place in which corpuscles were detected was a highly exhausted tube [3] through which an electric discharge was passing. When an electric discharge is sent through a highly exhausted tube, the sides of the tube glow with a vivid green phosphorescence. That this is due to something proceeding in straight lines from the cathode--the electrode where the negative electricity enters the tube--can be shown in the following way (the experiment is one made many years ago by Sir William Crookes [4] ): A Maltese cross made of thin mica is placed between the cathode and the walls of the tube. [5] When the discharge is past, the green phosphorescence no longer extends all over the end of the tube, as it did when the cross was absent. There is now a well-defined cross in the phosphorescence at the end of the tube; the mica cross has thrown a shadow and the shape of the shadow proves that the phosphorescence is due to something travelling from the cathode in straight lines, which is stopped by a thin plate of mica. The green phosphorescence is caused by cathode rays"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is DNA Found? Learn About DNA in Human Cells as well ... Where is DNA Found? Learn About DNA in Human Cells as well as in Plants, Animals, Bacteria & Outer Space! [PAR] Human Cells [PAR] Nucleus [PAR] DNA can be found inside the nucleus of every cell, apart from red blood cells. It's tightly wound and spread throughout the 46 chromosomes. One set of 23 chromosomes is inherited from each parent. Inside the chromosomes the DNA exists as genes. A gene is a sequence of DNA, that by and large, though there are exceptions, codes for one protein. There is large volume of so-called 'junk DNA' that apparently serves no purpose, although there are bodies of work that are starting to show otherwise. [PAR] [PAR] Mitochondria [PAR] These are tiny organelles that are the energy factories of the cell. They contain a small amount of DNA that is distinct from nuclear DNA. For the most part mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother in sexually reproducing species. [PAR] slide 2 of 6 [PAR] Plants and Animals [PAR] In plants and animals DNA is also found in the cell nucleus . The DNA of all animals is very similar. The major differences are in the number of chromosomes and genes, and the arrangement of base pairs within these genes. [PAR] slide 3 of 6 [PAR] Viral DNA [PAR] A virus is essentially a very simple particle with nucleic acid at its core and a few essential proteins, such as its protein coat. The nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA, depending on the kind of virus it is. The DNA can also be either single stranded or double stranded. Examples of viruses with a double stranded DNA molecule are; Herpes simplex virus and the small pox virus. Examples of viruses with a single stranded DNA molecule are; Adeno-associated virus and the M13 bacteriophage - it infects bacteria. Viruses do not possess nuclei. [PAR] slide 4 of 6 [PAR] Bacterial DNA [PAR] The DNA is not enclosed inside a nucleus. It's free-floating as it is inside a virus. It's usually a single coil of DNA. In some bacteria there's additional DNA and this is located in structures known as plasmids. The DNA here is not essential to the survival of the bacterium. [PAR] slide 5 of 6 [PAR] DNA in Space [PAR] Well .... every time an astronauts blasts off. Digitized versions of personal DNA sequences will soon be sent up as part of a publicity drive to promote the Archon X $10 million genome sequencing prize. Among those whose DNA will be digitized are physicist and best-selling author Prof Stephen Hawking and the comedian Stephen Colbert. [PAR] slide 6 of 6[DOC] [TLE] Where is RNA Found? Find Out What RNA Does and Where it is ... Where is RNA Found? Find Out What RNA Does and Where it is Located [PAR] Where RNA is Found [PAR] Cell Nucleus [PAR] Here RNA comes into existence as the newly created messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules known as primary transcripts or pre-mRNA. It undergoes some modification before being transported out into the cytoplasm. Modifications include 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and RNA splicing. Messenger RNA sequences that are not modified are assigned to the rubbish bin; they are degraded. RNA splicing is where non-coding sequences of DNA known as introns are removed. For many years introns have been referred to as 'junk DNA' - this view is now changing, and they may have some use after all. Only the exons now remain after the spliceosome has gone to work. Each exon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Drug names and classes - National Library of Medicine ... Drug names and classes - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health [PAR] Home > Drug names and classes [PAR] Drug names and classes [PAR] A drug can have several names. There is usually a generic name for a drug substance plus one or more brand names. You can search for drugs by either their generic or brand names on PubMed Health. You can also search for drug classes. [PAR] Generic names for drugs are chosen by a variety of official bodies. That means that these names sometimes vary from country to country. For example, the generic name for one common pain medication is acetaminophen in the USA. However in many countries the same drug is called paracetamol. [PAR] Drug manufacturers choose the brand names of their products. There can be many brands of a particular drug. A brand name is also sometimes called a \u201cproprietary\u201d name. [PAR] The brand names are usually easier to say and easier to remember. They may be better known than the generic name. Acetaminophen is often called by one of its commonly used brands in the USA: Tylenol. [PAR] Drug classes [PAR] A drug also belongs to one or more drug classes. A drug class is a group of drugs that have something in common. They are similar in some way, but they are not identical. [PAR] Drugs can be in a class with other drugs because: [PAR] The drugs are related by their chemical structure. [PAR] Example: Aspirin is a salicylate. Its full chemical name is \u201cacetylsalicylic acid\u201d or ASA. A salicylate is a chemical found in plants, for example, in willow tree bark and the meadowsweet plant. [PAR] The drugs work in the same way. [PAR] Example: Aspirin can prevent the formation of blood clots by stopping molecules in the blood called platelets from clumping or aggregating. So it belongs to a drug class called anti-platelets or platelet aggregation inhibitors. [PAR] The drugs are used for the same purpose. [PAR] Example: Aspirin is used to reduce fever. Drugs that treat fever are called anti-pyretic drugs or anti-pyretics. [PAR] Sometimes, we will have a page on a drug class. The drugs listed on those pages are ones for which we have information (not necessarily all of the drugs included in that class). [PAR] You can find information about searching for drugs on PubMed Health here . [PAR] By PubMed Health, 20 August 2015. [PAR] Share on Facebook[DOC] [TLE] What is meant by acetylsalicylic acid? - Quora What is meant by acetylsalicylic acid? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Lake Kubilius [PAR] Thank you for the A2A. The drug aspirin's trivial chemical name is Acetylsalicylic acid, while the systematic one is 2-acetoxybenzoic acid. This actually has an interesting history if you ask me! [PAR] You derive Acetylsalicylic acid from Salicylic acid, found in willow trees. During olden days, people used to chew the bark or leaves of Willow trees (called salix in Latin) to cure headaches or pain ailments. So, Salicylic acid's name is derived from salix, better known as the Willow tree. [PAR] Later on, people found how to make acetylsalicylic from salicylic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid is just salicylic acid with an acetyl group attached where its hydroxyl group was. [PAR] Acetylsalicylic acid [PAR] But you asked, what is meant by acetylsalicylic acid...well you have to ask it to see what it really meant. [PAR] 137 Views \u00b7 View Upvotes \u00b7 Answer requested by [PAR] Written Jun 1, 2015 [PAR] Answer: aspirin is acetyl Page on salicylate.it is formed by heating salicylic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many legs does an insect have? | Reference.com How many legs does an insect have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many legs does an insect have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] An insect has six legs. Insects' legs are jointed, and the movement of these joints is controlled by a combination of partial musculature and passive biomechanical non-muscular structures. Some insects also have a clawlike structure on the last segments of their legs. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] All insects also have three major body regions, which typically consist of a head, a thorax and an abdomen. All insects also have bilateral symmetry. Insects begin their lives as eggs and undergo a metamorphosis before becoming adults. Winged insects have either one pair of wings (such as a housefly or a mosquito) or two pairs of wings (such as a bee or a dragonfly).[DOC] [TLE] How many legs do all insects have? | Reference.com How many legs do all insects have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many legs do all insects have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] All insects have three pairs of jointed legs. Six jointed legs are one of the defining characteristics of insects, in addition to a three-segmented body, a hard exoskeleton, one pair of antennae and compound eyes. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Insects belong to the class Insecta and are the largest group of arthropods on earth, with as many as 10 million living species estimated. The life cycle of an insect is divided in separate stages. Insects that experience complete metamorphosis begin as eggs, hatch as larvae and become pupae before emerging as adults. Those that undergo incomplete metamorphosis lack the pupal stage and instead emerge as nymphs from eggs, or miniature versions of their adult forms."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Comparing the Human Eye and a Camera Comparing the Human Eye and a Camera [PAR] The human eye is a wonderful instrument, relying on refraction and lenses to form images. There are many similarities between the human eye and a camera, including: [PAR] a diaphragm to control the amount of light that gets through to the lens. This is the shutter in a camera, and the pupil, at the center of the iris, in the human eye. [PAR] a lens to focus the light and create an image. The image is real and inverted. [PAR] a method of sensing the image. In a camera, film is used to record the image; in the eye, the image is focused on the retina, and a system of rods and cones is the front end of an image-processing system that converts the image to electrical impulses and sends the information along the optic nerve to the brain. [PAR] The way the eye focuses light is interesting, because most of the refraction that takes place is not done by the lens itself, but by the aqueous humor, a liquid on top of the lens. Light is refracted when it comes into the eye by this liquid, refracted a little more by the lens, and then a bit more by the vitreous humor, the jelly-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina. [PAR] The lens is critical in forming a sharp image, however; this is one of the most amazing features of the human eye, that it can adjust so quickly when focusing objects at different distances. This process of adjustment is known as accommodation. [PAR] Consider the lens equation: [PAR] 1/f = 1/di + 1/do [PAR] With a camera, the lens has a fixed focal length. If the object distance is changed, the image distance (the distance between the lens and the film) is adjusted by moving the lens. This can't be done with the human eye: the image distance, the distance between the lens and the retina, is fixed. If the object distance is changed (i.e., the eye is trying to focus objects that are at different distances), then the focal length of the eye is adjusted to create a sharp image. This is done by changing the shape of the lens; a muscle known as the ciliary muscle does this job. [PAR] Correcting Nearsightedness: [PAR] Correcting Farsightedness: [PAR] Correcting Nearsightedness [PAR] A person who is nearsighted can only create sharp images of close objects. Objects that are further away look fuzzy because the eye brings them in to focus at a point in front of the retina. [PAR] To correct for this a lens can be placed in front of the eye. What kind of lens is necessary? [PAR] A converging lens [PAR] A diverging lens [PAR] We need a diverging lens to diverge the light rays just enough so that when the rays are converged by the eye they converge on the retina, creating a focused image. [PAR] Correcting Farsightedness [PAR] A farsighted person can only create clear images of objects that are far away. Close objects are brought to a focus behind the retina, which is why they look fuzzy. [PAR] What kind of lens is needed to correct this? [PAR] A converging lens [PAR] A diverging lens"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All About Arthropods All About Arthropods [PAR] All About Arthropods [PAR] \u00a9 Contributed by Leanne Guenther [PAR] What is an arthropod? [PAR] You live with them almost everyday, even in the very cold winter months! They are everywhere and are the largest animal phylum -- about 85% of all known animals in the world are part of this class. [PAR] There are far more species of arthropods than there are species in all the other phylums(phyla) combined. [PAR] Mosquito [PAR] Photo Source: Corel Web Gallery [PAR] Grasshopper [PAR] Photo Source: Corel Web Gallery [PAR] They are spiders, insects, centipedes, mites, ticks, lobsters, crabs, shrimp, crayfish, krill, barnacles, scorpions and many, many others. [PAR] [PAR] Can you see two segments? [PAR] Photo Source: Corel Web Gallery [PAR] Can you see three segments? [PAR] Photo Source: Corel Web Gallery [PAR] The easiest way to tell an arthropod from any other animal is to see if they have: [PAR] 1) A segmented body. [PAR] This means that they will have a body made up of more than one part. Spiders have two segments and flies have three segments. [PAR] centipede [PAR] 2) Many jointed legs or limbs. [PAR] Spiders have 8 legs, millipedes can have... Hundreds! [PAR] [PAR] Photo Source: Corel Web Gallery [PAR] 3) An exoskeleton. [PAR] This is an external skeleton. Like armor, it protects the arthropods body. When arthropods are born the exoskeleton is soft but hardens quickly and it can be shed as the creature grows. Arthropods are invertebrates; which means that they do not have a backbone. [PAR] Photo Source: Corel Web Gallery [PAR] 4) Cold blooded [PAR] Arthropods are cold blooded -- which means, their body temperature depends on the temperature of the environment surrounding them. [PAR] Photo Source: Corel Web Gallery [PAR] Arthropods are some of the most interesting animals in the world! [PAR] They fly, they creep, and they crawl. They live on land, in ponds and in the ocean. From ants to bumblebees, crabs to crayfish, spiders to centipedes -- which are your favorites!? [PAR] [PAR] Scientific stuff: Arthropods include eleven animal classes [PAR] Subphylum Chelicerata [PAR] Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs, eurypterids) [PAR] Class Pycnogonida (sea spiders) [PAR] Class Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites) [PAR] Subphylum Crustacea [PAR] Class Branchiopoda (fairy shrimp, water fleas) [PAR] Class Maxillopoda (ostracods, copepods, barnacles) [PAR] Class Malacostraca (isopods, amphipods, krill, crabs, shrimp) [PAR] Subphylum Uniramia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Bitesize - KS3 Physics - Energy in the home - Revision 1 BBC Bitesize - KS3 Physics - Energy in the home - Revision 1 [PAR] Energy [PAR] Energy in the home [PAR] Energy is measured in J and kJ. Power is the rate of using energy, and is measured in W and kW. Fuel bills show energy used in kWh, and the cost of this can be calculated if the cost per kWh is known. [PAR] Revise [PAR] 1 of 3 [PAR] Energy in food [PAR] Energy stored in food can be released by combustion (burning) or by respiration in our cells. The labels on packets of food show how much energy is available from the food. [PAR] A food label on a packet of naan bread. 215 calories is the same as 900 kJ. [PAR] The amount of energy available may be shown in a unit called the calorie, as in the photograph. However, the scientific unit for energy is the joule , which has the symbol J. [PAR] A lot of energy is available from most foods, so food labels usually show kJ (kilojoules) instead of J: [PAR] 1 kJ = 1000 J [PAR] For example, 2000 J = 2000 \u00f7 1000 = 2 kJ. [PAR] To give you an idea of what 2 kJ can do, it is the energy needed to lift a 100 kg mass by 2 m, or to keep a 20 W electric lamp alight for 100 seconds. [PAR] The table shows the typical amount of energy available from 100 g of several different foods. The larger the number, the more energy is available. [PAR] Food[DOC] [TLE] Energy, heat, and work in Chemistry - Steve Lower stuff Energy, heat, and work in Chemistry [PAR] (9 min) [PAR] Whatever energy may be, there are basically two kinds. [PAR] Kinetic energy is associated with the motion of an object, and its direct consequences are part of everyone's daily experience; the faster the ball you catch in your hand, and the heavier it is, the more you feel it. Quantitatively, a body with a mass m and moving at a velocity v possesses the kinetic energy mv2/2. [PAR] Problem Example 1 [PAR] A rifle shoots a 4.25 g bullet at a velocity of 965 m s\u20131. What is its kinetic energy? [PAR] Solution: The only additional information you need here is that [PAR] 1 J = 1 kg m2 s\u20132: [PAR] KE = \u00bd \u00d7 (.00425 kg) (965 m s\u20131)2 = 1980 J [PAR] [PAR] Potential energy is energy a body has by virtue of its location. But there is more: the body must be subject to a \"restoring force\" of some kind that tends to move it to a location of lower potential energy. Think of an arrow that is subjected to the force from a stretched bowstring; the more tightly the arrow is pulled back against the string, the more potential energy it has. [PAR] More generally, the restoring force comes from what we call a force field\u0097 a gravitational, electrostaticl, or magnetic field. We observe the consequences of gravitational potential energy all the time, such as when we walk, but seldom give it any thought. [PAR] If an object of mass m is raised off the floor to a height h, its potential energy increases by mgh, where g is a proportionality constant known as the acceleration of gravity; its value at the earth's surface is 9.8 m s\u20132. [PAR] Problem Example 2 [PAR] Find the change in potential energy of a 2.6 kg textbook that falls from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bromine, Chemical Element - reaction, water, uses ... Bromine, Chemical Element - reaction, water, uses, elements, metal, gas, number, name [PAR] PRONUNCIATION [PAR] BRO-meen [PAR] Nearly 90 percent of all bromine produced comes from the United States, Israel, or the United Kingdom. In 1996, about 450,000,000 kilograms (one billion pounds) of the element were produced worldwide. The largest single use of the element is in the manufacture of flame retardants. Flame retardants are chemicals added to materials to prevent burning or to keep them from burning out of control. Other major uses are in the manufacture of drilling fluids, pesticides, chemicals for the purification of water, photographic chemicals, and as an additive to rubber. [PAR] Discovery and naming [PAR] Compounds of bromine had been known for hundreds of years before the element was discovered. One of the most famous of these compounds was Tyrian purple, also called royal purple. (Tyrian comes from the word Tyre, an ancient Phoenician city.) Only very rich people or royalty could afford to buy fabric dyed with Tyrian purple. It was obtained from a mollusk (shell fish) found on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (a large body of water bordered by Europe, Asia, and Africa). [PAR] In 1825, L\u00f6wig enrolled at the University of Heidelberg in Germany to study chemistry. He continued an experiment he had begun at home in which he added chlorine to spring water. The addition of ether to that mixture produced a beautiful red color. L\u00f6wig suspected he had discovered a new kind substance. A professor encouraged him by suggesting he study the substance in more detail. [PAR] As these studies progressed, Balard published a report in a chemical journal that announced the discovery of the new element bromine. The element had all the properties of L\u00f6wig's new substance. The two chemists had made the discovery at nearly the same time! Balard, however, is credited as the discoverer of bromine, because scientists acknowledge the first person to publish his or her findings. [PAR] In Greek, the word bromos means \"stench\" (strong, offensive odor). Bromine lives up to the description. The odor is intense and highly irritating to the eyes and lungs. [PAR] Chemists found that bromine belonged in the halogen family. They knew that it had properties similar to other halogens and placed it below fluorine and chlorine in the periodic table. [PAR] Physical properties [PAR] Only two liquid elements exist\u2014bromine and mercury. At room temperature, bromine is a deep reddish-brown liquid. It evaporates easily, giving off strong fumes that irritate the throat and lungs. Bromine boils at 58.8\u00b0C (137.8\u00b0F), and its density is 3.1023 grams per cubic centimeter. Bromine freezes at -7.3\u00b0C (18.9\u00b0F). [PAR] A laboratory vessel holds the solid, liquid, and gas states of bromine. [PAR] Bromine dissolves well in organic liquids\u2014such as ether, alcohol, and carbon tetrachloride\u2014but only slightly in water. Organic compounds contain the element carbon. [PAR] Chemical properties [PAR] Bromine is a very reactive element. While it is less reactive than fluorine or chlorine, it is more reactive than iodine. It reacts with many metals, sometimes very vigorously. For instance, with potassium, it reacts explosively. Bromine even combines with relatively unreactive metals, such as platinum and palladium. [PAR] Occurrence in nature [PAR] Bromine is too reactive to exist as a free element in nature. Instead, it occurs in compounds, the most common of which are sodium bromide (NaBr) and potassium bromide (KBr). These compounds are found in seawater and underground salt beds. These salt beds were formed in regions where oceans once covered the land. When the oceans evaporated (dried up), salts were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Telegraph: 'First new antibiotic in 30 years discovered in ... First new antibiotic in 30 years discovered in major breakthrough [PAR] Science [PAR] First new antibiotic in 30 years discovered in major breakthrough [PAR] The discovery of Teixobactin could pave the way for a new generation of antibiotics because of the way it was discovered. [PAR] Sarah Knapton , Science Editor [PAR] 7 January 2016 \u2022 5:44pm [PAR] The first new antibiotic to be discovered in nearly 30 years has been hailed as a \u2018paradigm shift\u2019 in the fight against the growing resistance to drugs. [PAR] Teixobactin has been found to treat many common bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, septicaemia and C. diff, and could be available within five years. [PAR] But more importantly it could pave the way for a new generation of antibiotics because of the way it was discovered. [PAR] Scientists have always believed that the soil was teeming with new and potent antibiotics because bacteria have developed novel ways to fight off other microbes. [PAR] But 99 per cent of microbes will not grow in laboratory conditions leaving researchers frustrated that they could not get to the life-saving natural drugs. [PAR] Now a team from Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, have discovered a way of using an electronic chip to grow the microbes in the soil and then isolate their antibiotic chemical compounds. [PAR] They discovered that one compound, Teixobactin, is highly effective against common bacterial infections Clostridium difficile, Mycobacterium tuberculous and Staphylococcus aureus. [PAR] Professor Kim Lewis, Director of the Antimicrobial Discovery Centre said: \u201cApart from the immediate implementation, there is also I think a paradigm shift in our minds because we have been operating on the basis that resistance development is inevitable and that we have to focus on introducing drugs faster than resistance [PAR] \u201cTeixobactin shows how we can adopt an alternative strategy and develop compounds to which bacteria are not resistant.\u201d [PAR] The first antibiotic Penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 and more than 100 compounds have been found since, but no new class has been found since 1987. [PAR] The lack of new drugs coupled with over-prescribing has led to bacteria becoming increasingly resistant to modern medicines. [PAR] Dame Sally Davies, the government\u2019s Chief Medical Officer, said antibiotic resistant was \u2018as big a risk of terrorism; and warned that Britain faced returning to a 19th century world where the smallest infection or operation could kill. [PAR] The World Health Oganisation has also classified antimicrobial resistance as a \"serious threat\u2019 to every region of the world which \u2018has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country\" [PAR] However the new discovery offers hope that many new antibiotics could be found to fight bacterial infections. [PAR] Crucially, the scientists believe that bacteria will not become resistant to Teixobactin for at least 30 years because of its multiple methods of attack. [PAR] Testing on mice has already shown that the antibiotic works well at clearing infections, without side-effects. The team is now concentrating on upscaling production so that it could be tested in humans. [PAR] \u201cRight now we can deliver a dose that cures mice and a variety of models of infection and we can deliver 10 mg per kg so it correlates well with human usage,\u201d added Professor Lewis. [PAR] The breakthrough was heralded by scientists who said it could prove a \u2018game-changer\u2019 in the struggle against antimicrobial resistance. [PAR] Prof Laura Piddock, Professor of Microbiology at the University of Birmingham, said: \u201cThe screening tool developed by these researchers could be a \u2018game changer\u2019 for discovering"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? - About.com Education What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] Boiling Point of Water [PAR] The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level). Jody Dole, Getty Images [PAR] Updated July 21, 2016. [PAR] Question: What Temperature Does Water Boil? [PAR] At what temperature does water boil? What determines the boiling point of water? Here's the answer to this common question. [PAR] Answer: The boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C or 212\u00b0 F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level). [PAR] However, the value is not a constant. The boiling point of water depends on the atmospheric pressure, which changes according to elevation. The boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C or 212\u00b0 F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level), but water boils at a lower temperature as you gain altitude (e.g., on a mountain) and boils at a higher temperature if you increase atmospheric pressure (lived below sea level ). [PAR] The boiling point of water also depends on the purity of the water. Water which contains impurities (such as salted water ) boils at a higher temperature than pure water. This phenomenon is called boiling point elevation , which is one of the colligative properties of matter. [PAR] Learn More[DOC] [TLE] Q & A: Boiling and Freezing points of pure and salty water ... Q & A: Boiling and Freezing points of pure and salty water | Department of Physics | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [PAR] University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [PAR] Q & A: Boiling and Freezing points of pure and salty water [PAR] Learn more physics! [PAR] What is the boiling and freezing point of both fresh and saltwater? [PAR] - maria (age 13) [PAR] congress middle, lake worth , F.L., Florida [PAR] A: [PAR] Hi Maria, [PAR] For pure water, the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit) at one atmosphere of pressure, and the melting point is 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) at one atmosphere of pressure. At lower pressures (at high altitudes, for example, in Denver, Colorado), the boiling point will be perhaps a couple of degrees lower. [PAR] For saltwater, the boiling point is raised, and the melting point is lowered. By how much depends on how much salt there is. I'll assume the salt is sodium chloride, NaCl (table salt). The melting point is lowered by 1.85 degrees Celsius if 29.2 grams of salt are dissolved in each Kg of water (called a \"0.5 molal solution\" of salt. The Na and Cl dissociate right away when dissolved, and so for a 0.5 molal solution of salt, there is a 1.0 molal concentration of ions). The boiling point is raised by 0.5 degrees Celsius for water with 29.2 grams of salt dissolved in each kg of water. [PAR] If your concentrations of salt are different, then you can scale the boiling point elevation and melting point depression predictions directly with the concentration. [PAR] These numbers come from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. [PAR] Tom [PAR] Naestved, denmark [PAR] A: [PAR] You're basically right. Either way you start out with plain water and salt at room temperature. The noodles go in when you have salty water at its boiling point. The energy difference between that and the starting point doesn't depend on when you add the salt. [PAR] A little energy is lost to evaporation on the way, however. If you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] VITAMIN C ASCORBIC ACID: Uses, Side Effects ... - WebMD Effective for: [PAR] Vitamin C deficiency. Taking vitamin C by mouth or injecting as a shot prevents and treats vitamin C deficiency, including scurvy. Also, taking vitamin C can reverse problems associated with scurvy. [PAR] Likely Effective for: [PAR] Iron absorption. Administering vitamin C along with iron can increase how much iron the body absorbs in adults and children. [PAR] A genetic disorder in newborns called tyrosinemia. Taking vitamin C by mouth or as a shot improves a genetic disorder in newborns in which blood levels of the amino acid tyrosine are too high. [PAR] Possibly Effective for: [PAR] Age-related vision loss (age-related macular degeneration; AMD). Taking vitamin C in combination with zinc, vitamin E, and beta-carotene daily seems to help prevent vision loss or slow the worsening of AMD in patients with advanced AMD. There is not enough evidence to know if this combination helps people with less advanced macular disease or if it prevents AMD. Using vitamin C with other antioxidants, but without zinc, does not seem to have any effect on AMD. [PAR] Decreasing protein in the urine (albuminuria). Taking vitamin C plus vitamin E can reduce protein in the urine in people with diabetes. [PAR] Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Taking vitamin C by mouth seems to decrease the risk of artery hardening. Vitamin C also appears to slow the rate at which artery hardening worsens. More research is needed to understand the effects of vitamin C intake from the diet or supplements on this condition once it has developed. [PAR] Cancer. Consuming vitamin C in the diet might decrease the risk of developing mouth cancers and other cancers. Some research suggests that increasing vitamin C intake through fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of cancer. However, taking vitamin C supplements does not appear to reduce cancer risk. [PAR] Common cold. There is some controversy about the effectiveness of vitamin C for treating the common cold. However, the majority of evidence shows that taking high doses of vitamin C might shorten the course of the cold by 1 to 1.5 days in some patients. Taking vitamin C is not effective for preventing the common cold. [PAR] Chronic pain condition (complex regional pain syndrome). Taking vitamin C after a wrist fracture seems to decrease the risk of developing a chronic pain condition called complex regional pain syndrome. [PAR] Kidney problems related to contrast media used during a diagnostic test called angiography. Taking vitamin C before and after an angiography seems to reduce the risk of developing kidney problems. [PAR] Redness (erythema) after cosmetic skin procedures. There is some evidence that using a particular vitamin C skin cream can decrease the amount and duration of skin redness following laser resurfacing for scar and wrinkle removal. [PAR] Lung infections caused by heavy exercise. Using vitamin C before heavy physical exercise, such as a marathon, might prevent upper respiratory infections that sometimes follow heavy exercise. [PAR] Gallbladder disease. There is some evidence that taking vitamin C might help to prevent gallbladder disease in women. However, vitamin C does not seem to have this effect in men. [PAR] Ulcers in the stomach caused by bacteria called H. pylori. Taking vitamin C seems to decrease some of the side effects caused by treatment for H. pylori infections. After H. pylori bacteria are killed, vitamin C appears to decrease the development of precancerous lesions in the stomach. However, other research suggests that vitamin C does not improve healing from H. pylori infection. [PAR] Abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Electro-mechanical Technicians : Occupational Outlook ... Electro-mechanical Technicians : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics [PAR] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics [PAR] Summary [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians verify dimensions of parts, by using precision measuring instruments, to ensure that specifications are met. [PAR] Quick Facts: Electro-mechanical Technicians [PAR] What Electro-mechanical Technicians Do About this section [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians install, repair, upgrade, and test electronic and computer-controlled mechanical systems. [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians combine knowledge of mechanical technology with knowledge of electrical and electronic circuits. They operate, test, and maintain unmanned, automated, robotic, or electromechanical equipment. [PAR] Duties [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians typically do the following: [PAR] Read blueprints, schematics, and diagrams to determine the method and sequence of assembly of a part, machine, or piece of equipment [PAR] Verify dimensions of parts, using precision measuring instruments, to ensure that specifications are met [PAR] Operate metalworking machines to make housings, fittings, and fixtures [PAR] Inspect parts for surface defects [PAR] Repair and calibrate hydraulic and pneumatic assemblies [PAR] Test the performance of electro-mechanical assemblies, using test instruments [PAR] Install electronic parts and hardware, using soldering equipment and hand tools [PAR] Operate, test, or maintain robotic equipment [PAR] Analyze and record test results, and prepare written documentation [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians test and operate machines in factories and other worksites. They also analyze and record test results, and prepare written documentation to describe the tests they did and what the test results were. [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians install, maintain, and repair automated machinery and equipment in industrial settings. This kind of work requires knowledge and training in the application of photonics, the science of light. The technological aspects of the work have to do with the generating, controlling, and detecting of the light waves so that the automated processes can proceed as designed by the engineers. [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians also test, operate, or maintain robotic equipment at worksites. This equipment may include unmanned submarines, aircraft, or similar types of equipment for uses including oil drilling, deep-ocean exploration, or hazardous-waste removal. [PAR] Work Environment About this section [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians test the performance of electro-mechanical assemblies, using test instruments. [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians held about 14,700 jobs in 2014. The industries that employed the most electro-mechanical technicians were as follows: [PAR] Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing [PAR] 13% [PAR] Machinery manufacturing [PAR] 7 [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians work closely with electrical and mechanical engineers . They work in many industrial environments, including energy, plastics, computer, and communications equipment manufacturing, and aerospace. They often work both at production sites and in offices. [PAR] Because their job involves manual work with many machines and types of equipment, electro-mechanical technicians are sometimes exposed to hazards from equipment or toxic materials. However, incidents are rare as long as they follow proper safety procedures. [PAR] Work Schedules [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians often work for larger companies in manufacturing or for engineering firms. Like others at these firms, these technicians tend to work regular shifts. However, sometimes they must work longer hours to make repairs so that manufacturing operations can continue. [PAR] How to Become an Electro-mechanical Technician About this section [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians typically need either an associate\u2019s degree or a postsecondary certificate. [PAR] Electro-mechanical technicians typically need either an associate\u2019s degree or a postsecondary certificate. [PAR] Education [PAR] Associate\u2019s degree programs and postsecondary certificates for electro-mechanical technicians are offered at vocational\u2013technical schools and community colleges. Vocational\u2013technical schools include postsecondary public institutions that serve local students and emphasize teaching the skills needed by local employers. Community colleges offer programs similar to those in technical institutes, but they may include"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA - PBS A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA [PAR] Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA [PAR] 1953 [PAR] Photo: Model of DNA molecule [PAR] In the late nineteenth century, a German biochemist found the nucleic acids, long-chain polymers of nucleotides, were made up of sugar, phosphoric acid, and several nitrogen-containing bases. Later it was found that the sugar in nucleic acid can be ribose or deoxyribose, giving two forms: RNA and DNA. In 1943, American Oswald Avery proved that DNA carries genetic information. He even suggested DNA might actually be the gene. Most people at the time thought the gene would be protein, not nucleic acid, but by the late 1940s, DNA was largely accepted as the genetic molecule. Scientists still needed to figure out this molecule's structure to be sure, and to understand how it worked. [PAR] In 1948, Linus Pauling discovered that many proteins take the shape of an alpha helix, spiraled like a spring coil. In 1950, biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that the arrangement of nitrogen bases in DNA varied widely, but the amount of certain bases always occurred in a one-to-one ratio. These discoveries were an important foundation for the later description of DNA. [PAR] In the early 1950s, the race to discover DNA was on. At Cambridge University, graduate student Francis Crick and research fellow James Watson (b. 1928) had become interested, impressed especially by Pauling's work. Meanwhile at King's College in London, Maurice Wilkins (b. 1916) and Rosalind Franklin were also studying DNA. The Cambridge team's approach was to make physical models to narrow down the possibilities and eventually create an accurate picture of the molecule. The King's team took an experimental approach, looking particularly at x-ray diffraction images of DNA. [PAR] In 1951, Watson attended a lecture by Franklin on her work to date. She had found that DNA can exist in two forms, depending on the relative humidity in the surrounding air. This had helped her deduce that the phosphate part of the molecule was on the outside. Watson returned to Cambridge with a rather muddy recollection of the facts Franklin had presented, though clearly critical of her lecture style and personal appearance. Based on this information, Watson and Crick made a failed model. It caused the head of their unit to tell them to stop DNA research. But the subject just kept coming up. [PAR] Franklin, working mostly alone, found that her x-ray diffractions showed that the \"wet\" form of DNA (in the higher humidity) had all the characteristics of a helix. She suspected that all DNA was helical but did not want to announce this finding until she had sufficient evidence on the other form as well. Wilkins was frustrated. In January, 1953, he showed Franklin's results to Watson, apparently without her knowledge or consent. Crick later admitted, \"I'm afraid we always used to adopt -- let's say, a patronizing attitude towards her.\" [PAR] Watson and Crick took a crucial conceptual step, suggesting the molecule was made of two chains of nucleotides, each in a helix as Franklin had found, but one going up and the other going down. Crick had just learned of Chargaff's findings about base pairs in the summer of 1952. He added that to the model, so that matching base pairs interlocked in the middle of the double helix to keep the distance between the chains constant. [PAR] Watson and Crick showed that each strand of the DNA molecule was a template for the other. During cell division the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Uncertainty Principle (Stanford Encyclopedia of ... The Uncertainty Principle (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [PAR] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [PAR] The Uncertainty Principle [PAR] First published Mon Oct 8, 2001; substantive revision Tue Jul 12, 2016 [PAR] Quantum mechanics is generally regarded as the physical theory that is our best candidate for a fundamental and universal description of the physical world. The conceptual framework employed by this theory differs drastically from that of classical physics. Indeed, the transition from classical to quantum physics marks a genuine revolution in our understanding of the physical world. [PAR] One striking aspect of the difference between classical and quantum physics is that whereas classical mechanics presupposes that exact simultaneous values can be assigned to all physical quantities, quantum mechanics denies this possibility, the prime example being the position and momentum of a particle. According to quantum mechanics, the more precisely the position (momentum) of a particle is given, the less precisely can one say what its momentum (position) is. This is (a simplistic and preliminary formulation of) the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle for position and momentum. The uncertainty principle played an important role in many discussions on the philosophical implications of quantum mechanics, in particular in discussions on the consistency of the so-called Copenhagen interpretation, the interpretation endorsed by the founding fathers Heisenberg and Bohr. [PAR] This should not suggest that the uncertainty principle is the only aspect of the conceptual difference between classical and quantum physics: the implications of quantum mechanics for notions as (non)-locality, entanglement and identity play no less havoc with classical intuitions. [PAR] Related Entries [PAR] 1. Introduction [PAR] The uncertainty principle is certainly one of the most famous aspects of quantum mechanics. It has often been regarded as the most distinctive feature in which quantum mechanics differs from classical theories of the physical world. Roughly speaking, the uncertainty principle (for position and momentum) states that one cannot assign exact simultaneous values to the position and momentum of a physical system. Rather, these quantities can only be determined with some characteristic \u201cuncertainties\u201d that cannot become arbitrarily small simultaneously. But what is the exact meaning of this principle, and indeed, is it really a principle of quantum mechanics? (In his original work, Heisenberg only speaks of uncertainty relations.) And, in particular, what does it mean to say that a quantity is determined only up to some uncertainty? These are the main questions we will explore in the following, focusing on the views of Heisenberg and Bohr. [PAR] The notion of \u201cuncertainty\u201d occurs in several different meanings in the physical literature. It may refer to a lack of knowledge of a quantity by an observer, or to the experimental inaccuracy with which a quantity is measured, or to some ambiguity in the definition of a quantity, or to a statistical spread in an ensemble of similarly prepared systems. Also, several different names are used for such uncertainties: inaccuracy, spread, imprecision, indefiniteness, indeterminateness, indeterminacy, latitude, etc. As we shall see, even Heisenberg and Bohr did not decide on a single terminology for quantum mechanical uncertainties. Forestalling a discussion about which name is the most appropriate one in quantum mechanics, we use the name \u201cuncertainty principle\u201d simply because it is the most common one in the literature. [PAR] 2. Heisenberg [PAR] 2.1 Heisenberg\u2019s road to the uncertainty relations [PAR] Heisenberg introduced his famous relations in an article of 1927, entitled Ueber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik. A (partial) translation of this title is: \u201cOn the anschaulich content of quantum theoretical kinematics and mechanics\u201d. Here, the term anschaulich is particularly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heike Kamerlingh Onnes - Biography, Facts and Pictures Heike Kamerlingh Onnes - Biography, Facts and Pictures [PAR] Blog [PAR] Heike Kamerlingh Onnes [PAR] A Dutch physicist, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was the pioneer of refrigeration techniques and the one who studied how materials behave when they are cooled to almost absolute zero temperature. He was also the first person to liquefy helium, and because of his experiments concerning cryogenics as well as extremely low temperature, he was able to discover superconductivity. He also noted how the rate of electrical resistance can vanish at much lower temperatures for certain materials. [PAR] Early Life and Educational Background [PAR] Heike was born on the 21st of September in 1853 and was a native of Groningen in the Netherlands. Harm Kamerlingh Onnes, his father, owned brickworks near his birth town. Anna Gerdina Coers, his mother, was an architect\u2019s daughter from Arnhem. His exposure to such fields may have piqued his interest when it came to making his very own discoveries later on in his life. [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] He was educated at the local Hoogere Burgerschool which was a native secondary school that did not have classical languages. After spending the required time for secondary school, he was able to get supplementary education on Latin and Greek from Leyden J.M. van Bemmelen who later became his Chemistry professor. After his supplementary education on classical languages, he went to the University of Groningen where he worked on obtaining the \u201ccandidaats\u201d degree. [PAR] A year after studying at the University of Groningen, he proceeded to Heidelberg where he furthered his education from 1871 up to 1873. After his time there, he made his way back to Groningen and this was where he was able to pass his \u201cdoctoraal\u201d exams in 1879. A year later, he was able to obtain his doctoral degree and he had his thesis called the New Proofs of the Rotation of the Earth which was originally entitled Nieuwebewijzenvoor de aswenteling der aarde. [PAR] In this doctoral work, he proved through theoretical and experimental means how the Foucault\u2019s pendulum experiment must be seen as a kind of special, large group phenomena which, when simplified, can prove how the earth moved in a rotational manner. In 1881, Heike published Algemeenetheorie der vloeistoffen or the general theory of liquids which discussed the kinetic theory of matter in liquid state. Here, he approached his work using the Van der Waal law while also having a mechanistic back up to it. [PAR] His work on the general theory of liquids sparked his lifelong dedication to investigate more on how matter behaves when subjected to very low temperatures. He had his inaugural address known as the importance of quantitative research in physics where he said his now famous motto: \u201cKnowledge through measurement\u201d or \u201cDoor metentotweten.\u201d Little did he realize this belief had materialized because of his appreciation of how important measurements were concerning his lifelong engagement in scientific experiments. [PAR] Scientific Career and Endeavors [PAR] It was in 1871 when his outstanding skills in solving scientific problems were made obvious at the young age of 18. That year he received a gold medal for winning a competition which was held by the University of Utrecht\u2019s Natural Sciences Faculty. The following year he received a silver medal from the University of Groningen. [PAR] While he was still working on his doctoral degree, he was an assistant at the Polytechnicum which was in Delft. He also became a lecturer in the area for a year from 1881. Because of this, he was appointed as the Professor of Experimental Physics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ballistics - Infoplease ballistics [PAR] Encyclopedia > Science and Technology > Physics > Physics [PAR] ballistics [PAR] ballistics (b\u0259l\u012ds\u02c8t\u012dks) [ key ], science of projectiles. Interior ballistics deals with the propulsion and the motion of a projectile within a gun or firing device. Its problems include the ignition and burning of the propellant powder, the pressure produced by the expanding gases, the movement of the projectile through the bore, and the designing of the barrel to resist resulting stresses and strains. Exterior ballistics is concerned with the motion of a projectile while in flight and includes the study not only of the flight path of bullets but also of bombs, rockets, and missiles. All projectiles traveling through the air are affected by wind, air resistance, and the force of gravity. These forces induce a curved path known as a trajectory. The trajectory varies with the weight and shape of the projectile, with its initial velocity, and with the angle at which it is fired. The general shape of a trajectory is that of a parabola. The total distance traveled by a projectile is known as its range. A ballistic missile in the first stage of its flight is powered and guided by rocket engines. After the engines burn out, the warhead travels in a fixed arc as does an artillery shell. In criminology the term ballistics is applied to the identification of the weapon from which a bullet was fired. Microscopic imperfections in a gun barrel make characteristic scratches and grooves on bullets fired through it, but use causes the marks a particular gun makes to change over time. [PAR] See E. D. Lowry, Interior Ballistics (1968); R. C. Labile, Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics (1980); A. J. Pejsa, Modern Practical Ballistics (1989); M. Denny, Their Arrows Will Darken the Sun: The Evolution and Science of Ballistics (2011). [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. [PAR] See more Encyclopedia articles on: Physics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elements and Compounds - Boundless - Textbook Innovation Elements and Compounds [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Elements and Compounds [PAR] An element is a material that consists of a single type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Differentiate between elements and compounds and explore separation techniques [PAR] Key Points [PAR] Elements are the simplest complete chemical substances . Each element corresponds to a single entry on the periodic table. An element is a material that consists of a single type of atom . Each atom type contains the same number of protons . [PAR] Chemical bonds link elements together to form more complex molecules called compounds . A compound consists of two or more types of elements held together by covalent or ionic bonds . [PAR] Elements cannot be divided into smaller units without large amounts of energy . Compounds, on the other hand, can have their bonds broken with practical amounts of energy, such as the heat from a fire. [PAR] Matter can be broken down into two categories: pure substances and mixtures . Pure substances are further broken down into elements and compounds. Mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated back into their original components. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Full Text [PAR] Elements [PAR] A chemical element is a pure substance that consists of one type of atom. Each atom has an atomic number , which represents the number of protons that are in the nucleus of a single atom of that element. The periodic table of elements is ordered by ascending atomic number. [PAR] The chemical elements are divided into the metals , the metalloids , and the non-metals. Metals, typically found on the left side of the periodic table, are: [PAR] often conductive to electricity [PAR] sometimes magnetic. [PAR] Aluminum , iron, copper , gold, mercury and lead are metals. [PAR] In contrast, non-metals, found on the right side of the periodic table (to the right of the staircase), are: [PAR] typically not conductive [PAR] not magnetic. [PAR] Examples of elemental non-metals include carbon and oxygen . [PAR] Metalloids have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metals. Silicon and arsenic are metalloids. [PAR] As of November, 2011, 118 elements have been identified (the most recently identified was ununseptium, in 2010). Of these 118 known elements, only the first 98 are known to occur naturally on Earth. The elements that do not occur naturally on Earth are the synthetic products of man-made nuclear reactions. 80 of the 98 naturally-occurring elements are stable; the rest are radioactive, which means they decay into lighter elements over timescales ranging from fractions of a second to billions of years. [PAR] The periodic table shows 118 elements, including metals (blue), nonmetals (red), and metalloids (green). [PAR] Hydrogen and helium are by far the most abundant elements in the universe. However, iron is the most abundant element (by mass) in the composition of the Earth, and oxygen is the most common element in the layer that is the Earth's crust. [PAR] Although all known chemical matter is composed of these elements, chemical matter itself constitutes only about 15% of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right [PAR] Angles [PAR] An angle measures the amount of turn [PAR] Names of Angles [PAR] As the Angle Increases, the Name Changes: [PAR] Type of Angle [PAR] an angle that is greater than 90\u00b0 but [PAR] less than 180\u00b0 [PAR] an angle that is greater than 180\u00b0 [PAR] Try It Yourself: [PAR] This diagram might make it easier to remember: [PAR] Also: Acute, Obtuse and Reflex are in alphabetical order. [PAR] Also: the letter \"A\" has an acute angle. [PAR] Be Careful What You Measure [PAR] This is an Obtuse Angle [PAR] And this is a Reflex Angle [PAR] [PAR] But the lines are the same ... so when naming the angles make sure [PAR] that you know which angle is being asked for! [PAR] Positive and Negative Angles [PAR] When measuring from a line: [PAR] a positive angle goes counterclockwise (opposite direction that clocks go) [PAR] a negative angle goes clockwise [PAR] Example: \u221267\u00b0 [PAR] The corner point of an angle is called the vertex [PAR] And the two straight sides are called arms [PAR] The angle is the amount of turn between each arm. [PAR] [PAR] How to Label Angles [PAR] There are two main ways to label angles: [PAR] 1. give the angle a name, usually a lower-case letter like a or b, or sometimes a Greek letter like \u03b1 (alpha) or \u03b8 (theta) [PAR] 2. or by the three letters on the shape that define the angle, with the middle letter being where the angle actually is (its vertex). [PAR] Example angle \"a\" is \"BAC\", and angle \"\u03b8\" is \"BCD\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Naming the Sides of a Right-Angled Triangle Naming the Sides of a Right-Angled Triangle [PAR] Year 10 Interactive Maths - Second Edition [PAR] Naming the Sides of a Right-Angled Triangle [PAR] The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse. It is the largest side of a right-angled triangle. [PAR] If you stand at A in the triangle ABC, the side BC is opposite to you and the side AB is next to you. We therefore say that BC is the opposite side to angle A and AB is the adjacent side to angle A. [PAR] Notation [PAR] If you have trouble remembering the definitions, just remember SOH CAH TOA. [PAR] Using a Graphics Calculator [PAR] If you have a TI-83 graphics calculator, select Degree from the MODE menu and set Float to 4 to obtain the answers correct to 4 decimal places. Press QUIT to return to the Home Screen and clear the screen if necessary. [PAR] If you are using another calculator, consult its instruction booklet or ask your teacher how you can set its Mode to 'Degree mode' and the decimal places display to 4 places. [PAR] Example 1 [PAR] Evaluate the following to 4 decimal places: [PAR] Solution: [PAR] This is abbreviated as follows: [PAR] Example 2 [PAR] Note: [PAR] Key Terms[DOC] [TLE] How is the hypotenuse the longest side of any right triangle? How is the hypotenuse the longest side of any right triangle? - Mathematics Stack Exchange [PAR] How is the hypotenuse the longest side of any right triangle? [PAR] up vote 3 down vote favorite [PAR] 1 [PAR] I see that the hypotenuse of a right triangle is opposite the right angle, but how is it always the longest side? I also know that it connects to endpoints of other sides. Please help me out with this! I'm really wanting to know this surprising thing. Here's an example of a right triangle: [PAR] This is an isosceles right triangle because sides a and b (the height and the base) are the same lengths with two of the angles being 45 degrees adding up to a total with the right angle of 180 degrees (all triangles have angles that add up to 180 degrees). I just want to know from this triangle or any other right triangles why the hypotenuse is the longest side. You'll really be helping me out. [PAR] Pythagorean Theorem. \u2013 Edward Jiang Oct 26 '14 at 2:18 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Wow. I know that $$a^2+b^2=c^2$$ and I'm hoping what you said is good. \u2013 Mathster Oct 26 '14 at 2:20 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] It's the result of a basic theorem in Euclidean Geometry: if in the triangle $\\;\\Delta ABC\\;$ we have that $\\;AB>AC\\;$ , then $\\;\\angle C>\\angle B\\;$ , and in words: given two sides of a triangle and their opposite angles, the biggest angle is opposite to the biggest side... and the other way around . The claim now follows from the easy fact that in euclidean geometry a triangle can have at most one straight angle, which automatically is then the biggest one. \u2013 Timbuc Oct 26 '14 at 4:15 [PAR] Alternatively, you have the law of sines: For any triangle with sides, $A,B,C$ and corresponding angles $a,b,c$ with angle $a$ opposite side $A$ et cetera, you have the following: [PAR] $$\\frac{\\sin a}{A} = \\frac{\\sin b}{B} = \\frac{\\sin c}{C}$$ [PAR] Let $a$ be $90$ degrees, making $A$ our hypotenuse. Since $a+b+c = 180$ and we don't want to consider negative angles or angles equal to zero in a triangle, we have that $b<90$ and $c<90$."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anders Celsius - Centigrade Scale and Thermometer Anders Celsius - Centigrade Scale and Thermometer [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] In 1742, Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius invented the Celsius temperature scale, which was named after the inventor. [PAR] Celsius Temperature Scale [PAR] The Celsius temperature scale is also referred to as the centigrade scale. Centigrade means \"consisting of or divided into 100 degrees\". The Celsius scale, invented by Swedish Astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744), has 100 degrees between the freezing point (0 C) and boiling point (100 C) of pure water at sea level air pressure. The term \"Celsius\" was adopted in 1948 by an international conference on weights and measures. [PAR] Anders Celsius [PAR] Anders Celsius was born in Uppsala, Sweden in 1701, where he succeeded his father as professor of astronomy in 1730. It was there that he built Sweden's first observatory in 1741, the Uppsala Observatory, where he was appointed director. He devised the centigrade scale or \"Celsius scale\" of temperature in 1742. He was also noted for his promotion of the Gregorian calendar, and his observations of the aurora borealis. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 5 Best Places to Retire [PAR] In 1733, his collection of 316 observations of the aurora borealis was published and in 1737 he took part in the French expedition sent to measure one degree of meridian in the polar regions. In 1741, he directed the building of Sweden's first observatory. [PAR] One of the major questions of that time was the shape of the Earth. Isaac Newton had proposed that the Earth was not completely spherical, but rather flattened at the poles. Cartographic measuring in France suggested that it was the other way around - the Earth was elongated at the poles. In 1735, one expedition sailed to Ecuador in South America, and another expedition traveled to Northern Sweden. Celsius was the only professional astronomer on that expedition. Their measurements seemed to indicate that the Earth actually was flattened at the poles. [PAR] Anders Celsius was not only an inventor and astronomer, but also a physicist. He and an assistant discovered that the aurora borealis had an influence on compass needles. However, the thing that made him famous is his temperature scale, which he based on the boiling and melting points of water. This scale, an inverted form of Celsius' original design, was adopted as the standard and is used in almost all scientific work. [PAR] Anders Celsius died in 1744, at the age of 42. He had started many other research projects, but finished few of them. Among his papers was a draft of a science fiction novel, situated partly on the star Sirius."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Visible Light - Earthly Issues Site Map Red .622-.780 [PAR] Like energy passing through the ocean, light energy travels in waves, too. Some light travels in short, \"choppy\" waves. Other light travels in long, lazy waves. Blue light waves are shorter than red light waves. [PAR] All light travels in a straight line unless something gets in the way to-- [PAR] reflect it (like a mirror) [PAR] bend it (like a prism) [PAR] or scatter it (like molecules of the gases in the atmosphere) [PAR] Sunlight reaches Earth's atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the gases and particles in the air. Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth's atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time. [PAR] Closer to the horizon, the sky fades to a lighter blue or white. The sunlight reaching us from low in the sky has passed through even more air than the sunlight reaching us from overhead. As the sunlight has passed through all this air, the air molecules have scattered and rescattered the blue light many times in many directions. Also, the surface of Earth has reflected and scattered the light. All this scattering mixes the colors together again so we see more white and less blue. [PAR] Why do we see rainbows in the sky? [PAR] A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the Sun shines onto droplets of moisture in the Earth's atmosphere. They take the form of a multi-colored arc, with red on the outer part of the arch and violet on the inner section of the arch. A rainbow spans a continuous spectrum of colors. Traditionally, however, the sequence is quantised. The most commonly cited and remembered sequence, in English, is Newton's sevenfold in order from longest to shortest wavelength: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. [PAR] \"Roy G. Biv\" and \"Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain\" are popular mnemonics. Rainbows can be caused by other forms of water than rain, including mist, spray, and dew. [PAR] Sunlight contains many different colors. Normally, we see all the colors mixed together as white light. We see a rainbow when sunlight separates into bands of different colors. These bands of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet light are also known as the visible spectrum. [PAR] A rainbow is created when sunlight passes through raindrops. Light travels through different substances at different speeds. When light travels through water, it slows down. The reduced speed causes light to bend or refract. [PAR] To understand how a rainbow is made, it is helpful to understand how a prism works. A prism is a triangular shaped piece of glass. The path of a light beam changes as it goes through a prism. Glass slows the speed of light. When light travels through a prism, it is refracted once while going in and again as it passes through. The refraction separates white light into its many colors. [PAR] A water drop acts like a prism. Light refracts as it enters and leaves a drop of water. The refracting light is separated into the colors of the spectrum. When the sky is filled with drops of water, a rainbow is created. Light that enters the drops is refracted. Refraction makes each color visible in its own band. Each color of the spectrum has a slightly different wavelength. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PHYSICS FOLIO |authorSTREAM PHYSICS FOLIO |authorSTREAM [PAR] PHYSICS FOLIO [PAR] Does not support media & animations [PAR] Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed [PAR] The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites . [PAR] Views: [PAR] This Presentation is Public Favorites: [PAR] 0 [PAR] ENTRY NO. 1: Physics A Natural Philosophy: [PAR] ENTRY NO. 1: Physics A Natural Philosophy ENTRY NO. 1: Physics A Natural Philosophy [PAR] Physics A Natural Philosophy: [PAR] Physics A Natural Philosophy Physics as natural philosophy. Physics is present in our environment at all times. The gravitational theory is the perfect explanation for this natural philosophy. Gravitation, or gravity, is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. In everyday life, gravitation is most familiar as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped. [PAR] ENTRY NO.2 PHYSICS REALLY WORKS: [PAR] ENTRY NO.2 PHYSICS REALLY WORKS [PAR] Physics Really Works: [PAR] Physics Really Works Physics really works. A branch of physics, which is electromagnetism, can be seen in modern inventions. Electromagnetism is the force that causes the interaction between electrically charged particles; the areas in which this happens are called electromagnetic fields. This is the set-up in a MICROPHONE. sound waves enter the microphone, which cause the microphone to vibrate back and forth. This subsequently causes the wire loops to oscillate, and the magnetic field through the plane of the loops subsequently changes, inducing a current in the wires. In this way sound or wave energy is converted into electrical energy. [PAR] ENTRY NO. 3: TESTING TIME : [PAR] ENTRY NO. 3: TESTING TIME [PAR] PHYSICS TRIVIAS:: [PAR] PHYSICS TRIVIAS: Q: What did scientists build in a squash court under a football stadium at the University of Chicago in 1942? A: A nuclear reactor. [PAR] Slide 8: [PAR] Q: Which Swedish scientist had a temperature scale named after him? A: Anders Celsius. [PAR] Slide 9: [PAR] Q :What is the term used to denote the tendency of an object to remain in a state of rest until acted upon by an external force? A: Inertia. [PAR] Slide 10: [PAR] Q: The discovery of which law provoked the surprised cry 'Eureka!'? A: Archimedes Principle. [PAR] Slide 11: [PAR] Q: Which electronic device magnifies the strength of a signal? A: Amplifier. [PAR] Slide 12: [PAR] Q :What is an unchanging position in which forces cancel each other out? A: Equilibrium. [PAR] Slide 13: [PAR] Q: What was the name of the unit of heat now replaced by the joule? A: Calorie. [PAR] Slide 14: [PAR] Q: What is described as an ionized gas with approximately equal numbers of positive and negative charges? A: Plasma. [PAR] ENTRY NO. 4: EUREKA EXPERIENCE: [PAR] ENTRY NO. 4: EUREKA EXPERIENCE [PAR] My Eureka Experience..: [PAR] My Eureka Experience.. I have learned a lot of things in my fourth year life now. One of those lessons I\u2019ve learned was the accuracy of measurement. Once we where able to measure using the Vernier caliper. First it was so hard because I\u2019m not familiar with it but Aldrin teach me and now I know how to read its measurement. Eureka! Eureka! [PAR] ENTRY NO. 5: MEDIA HYPE: [PAR] ENTRY NO. 5: MEDIA HYPE [PAR] Media Hype: [PAR] Media Hype The advertisement of the shampoos and conditioners are one of the best example of media hype. The commercial says that you will have a smoother and healthier hair just like when you go to the parlor. These models and endorsers have some hair treatment before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] There's Life Above 20 Kilohertz! A Survey of Musical ... There's life above 20 kilohertz! A survey of musical instrument spectra to 102.4 kHz [PAR] [PAR] Author's Notes, May 4, 2000 [PAR] At the request of people involved in standards-setting for audio, who wanted this information made available as soon as possible, I published this original paper here, rather than in a professional journal. [PAR] Because I use figures 1(a,b,c) not only as data but to explain my reasoning, I include them in the paper itself. To save download time, other figures are given as links. After you look at one of these figures, your browser's \"Back\" button may return you to exactly where you were in the paper. If it doesn't, please note what section of the paper you are in before you link to the figure, then return by using the section links supplied with each figure. [PAR] The footnotes have links to return you to where they were cited. [PAR] All of the figures are 900 pixels wide. Viewing will be easiest on a monitor screen of 1024 x 768 or higher resolution, and with 256 or more colors. [PAR] [PAR] III. More trumpet, horn, violin, and oboe [PAR] In the same way as just described for Figure 1, Figures 2 through 9 give information about other instruments whose sound has harmonics. [PAR] Skipping Figure 1(c) for the moment, in Figure 2 we see another sample of trumpet with Harmon mute, 20 dB lower in level than the sample in Figure 1, yet with harmonics extending higher, and with a higher percentage of its total energy in the harmonics. (See Table I.) Figure 3 shows trumpet with straight mute. Here the harmonics extend higher yet, to above 85 kHz. [PAR] Figures 4 , 5 , and 6 give three examples of French horn, played respectively \"bell up,\" with mute, and in normal fashion. One hundred or more harmonics are visible in each! [PAR] Figure 7 shows a violin \"double-stop\", that is, two notes played simultaneously. Since each note produces its own harmonic series, Figure 7(b) uses markers of two different shapes to show the two harmonic series. [PAR] Figure 8 shows a single violin note played sul ponticello, that is, with the bow very close to the bridge. This gives a distinctive squeaky-scratchy sound which composers sometimes specify, as for example Beethoven in the C-sharp Minor string quarter, Opus 131. Even in this mezzo-piano (medium-soft) note, harmonics are still visible past 40 kHz. (Due to absence of mind, I took no sample of normal violin sound playing a single note normally.) [PAR] Figure 9 shows an oboe note. It is striking how the harmonics suddenly drop in level after the 40th at 43 kHz. [PAR] Not shown are any clarinet or vibraphone samples, because, as mentioned above, I could find no harmonic activity above 20 kHz anywhere in several samples of each, despite the closest \"prospecting\" with spectrum analyzer. These were the only instruments of the group that did not show such activity. [PAR] [PAR] Figures 18(a) and (b) show the performance of the B&K preamp to signals (c) and (d) respectively. The preamp is clearly free of harmonics at both high and low levels. The small bump at 85 kHz in the low-level test is breakthrough from the switching power supply. [3] I don't know the source of the even smaller bump at 50 kHz. Both are so small that they may be ignored, however. [PAR] The behavior of the Aco 4012 preamp was indistinguishable from the B&K 2639 at the higher level, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Equilibria - definition of equilibria by The Free Dictionary Equilibria - definition of equilibria by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Equilibria - definition of equilibria by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/equilibria [PAR] Related to equilibria: Punctuated equilibria [PAR] e\u00b7qui\u00b7lib\u00b7ri\u00b7um [PAR] (\u0113\u2032kw\u0259-l\u012db\u2032r\u0113-\u0259m, \u0115k\u2032w\u0259-) [PAR] n. pl. e\u00b7qui\u00b7lib\u00b7ri\u00b7ums or e\u00b7qui\u00b7lib\u00b7ri\u00b7a (-r\u0113-\u0259) [PAR] 1. A condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system. [PAR] 2. Mental or emotional balance. [PAR] 3. Physics The state of a body or physical system at rest or in unaccelerated motion in which the resultant of all forces acting on it is zero and the sum of all torques about any axis is zero. [PAR] 4. Chemistry [PAR] a. The state of a chemical reaction in which its forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates so that the concentration of the reactants and products does not change with time. [PAR] b. The state of a system in which more than one phase exists and exchange between phases occurs at equal rates so that there is no net change in the composition of the system. [PAR] [Latin aequil\u012bbrium : aequi-, equi- + l\u012bbra, balance.] [PAR] equilibrium [PAR] n, pl -riums or -ria (-r\u026a\u0259) [PAR] 1. a stable condition in which forces cancel one another [PAR] 2. a state or feeling of mental balance; composure [PAR] 3. (General Physics) any unchanging condition or state of a body, system, etc, resulting from the balance or cancelling out of the influences or processes to which it is subjected. See thermodynamic equilibrium [PAR] 4. (General Physics) physics a state of rest or uniform motion in which there is no resultant force on a body [PAR] 5. (Chemistry) chem the condition existing when a chemical reaction and its reverse reaction take place at equal rates [PAR] 6. (General Physics) physics the condition of a system that has its total energy distributed among its component parts in the statistically most probable manner [PAR] 7. (Physiology) physiol a state of bodily balance, maintained primarily by special receptors in the inner ear [PAR] 8. (Economics) the economic condition in which there is neither excess demand nor excess supply in a market [PAR] [C17: from Latin aequil\u012bbrium, from aequi- equi- + l\u012bbra pound, balance] [PAR] e\u2022qui\u2022lib\u2022ri\u2022um [PAR] (\u02cci kw\u0259\u02c8l\u026ab ri \u0259m, \u02cc\u025bk w\u0259-) [PAR] n., pl. -ri\u2022ums, -ri\u2022a (-ri \u0259) [PAR] 1. a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces. [PAR] 2. equal balance between any powers, influences, etc.; equality of effect. [PAR] 3. mental or emotional balance; equanimity. [PAR] 4. a state or sense of steadiness and proper orientation of the body. [PAR] 5. the condition existing when a chemical reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at equal rates. [PAR] [1600\u201310; < Latin aequil\u012bbrium=aequi- equi - + l\u012bbr(a) balance] [PAR] e\u2022quil\u2032i\u2022bra\u2022to`ry (\u026a\u02c8kw\u026al \u0259 br\u0259\u02cct\u0254r i, -\u02ccto\u028ar i) adj. [PAR] e\u00b7qui\u00b7lib\u00b7ri\u00b7um [PAR] (\u0113\u2032kw\u0259-l\u012db\u2032r\u0113-\u0259m) [PAR] 1. Physics The state of a body or physical system that is at rest or in constant and unchanging motion. The sum of all forces acting on a body that is in equilibrium is zero (because opposing forces balance each other). A system that is in equilibrium shows no tendency to alter over time. [PAR] 2. Chemistry The state of a reversible chemical reaction in which its forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates so that the concentration of the reactants and products remains the same. [PAR] equilibrium [PAR] The state of a reversible chemical reaction at which the forward and backward reactions take place at the same rate [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:[DOC] [TLE] Equilibrium dictionary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Chemistry/Gases - Wikibooks, open books for an ... General Chemistry/Gases - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] General Chemistry/Gases [PAR] 3.2 Pressure and Collisions [PAR] Characteristics of Gases[ edit ] [PAR] Gases have a number of special characteristics that differentiate them from other states of matter. Here is a list of characteristics of gases: [PAR] Characteristics of Gases [PAR] Gases have neither definite shape nor definite volume. They expand to the size of their container. [PAR] Gases are fluid, and flow easily. [PAR] Gases have low density, unless compressed. Being made of tiny particles in a large, open space, gases are very compressible. [PAR] Gases diffuse (mix and spread out) and effuse (travel through small holes). [PAR] Standard Temperature and Pressure[ edit ] [PAR] Wikipedia has related information at Standard conditions for temperature and pressure [PAR] Standard Temperature and Pressure, or STP, is 0 \u00b0C and 1 atmosphere of pressure. Expressed in other units, STP is 273 K and 760 torr. The Kelvin and torr are useful units of temperature and pressure respectively that we will discuss later in the following sections. [PAR] Avogadro's Law[ edit ] [PAR] Amedeo Avogadro, the Italian chemist. Avogadro's Law is named after him and his discoveries about the behavior of gases [PAR] Wikipedia has related information at Avogadro's Law [PAR] Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. So both one mole of Xenon at STP (131.3 grams) and one mole of helium at STP (4.00 grams) take up 22.4 liters. Even 1 mole of air, which is a mixture of several gases, takes up 22.4 liters of volume. 22.4 L is the standard molar volume of a gas. [PAR] [Avogadro's Law] [PAR] s [PAR] t [PAR] {\\displaystyle {\\frac {p_{1}\\cdot V_{1}}{T_{1}\\cdot n_{1}}}={\\frac {p_{2}\\cdot V_{2}}{T_{2}\\cdot n_{2}}}=const} [PAR] where: [PAR] p is the pressure of the gas [PAR] T is the temperature of the gas [PAR] has the same value for all gases, independent of the size or mass of the gas molecules. [PAR] Pressure[ edit ] [PAR] Gases exert pressure on their containers and all other objects. Pressure is measured as force per unit area. A barometer is a device that measures pressure. There are a number of different units to measure pressure: [PAR] torr, equal to millimeters of mercury (mm Hg): if a glass cylinder with no gas in it is placed in a dish of liquid mercury, the mercury will rise in the cylinder to a certain number of millimeters. [PAR] atmosphere (atm), the pressure of air at sea level. [PAR] pascal (Pa), equal to one newton (N) per square meter. A newton is the force necessary to accelerate one kilogram by one meter per second squared. [PAR] You should know that 1 atm = 760 torr = 101.3 kPa. [PAR] Wikipedia has related information at Ideal gas [PAR] Gases are complicated things composed a large numbers of tiny particles zipping around at high speeds. There are a number of complex forces governing the interactions between molecules in the gas, which in turn affect the qualities of the gas as a whole. To get around these various complexities and to simplify our study, we will talk about ideal gases. [PAR] An ideal gas is a simplified model of a gas that follows several strict rules and satisfies several limiting assumptions. Ideal gases can be perfectly modeled and predicted with a handful of equations. [PAR] Ideal gases follow, among others, these important rules: [PAR] Rules of Ideal Gases [PAR] The molecules that make up a gas are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characteristics of Fluids - Princeton University Characteristics of Fluids [PAR] Characteristics of Fluids [PAR] The principal difference in the mechanical behavior of fluids compared to solids is that when a shear stress is applied to a fluid it experiences a continuing and permanent distortion. Fluids offer no permanent resistance to shearing, and they have elastic properties only under direct compression: in contrast to solids which have all three elastic moduli, fluids possess a bulk modulus only. [PAR] Thus, a fluid can be defined unambiguously as a material that deforms continuously and permanently under the application of a shearing stress, no matter how small. [PAR] This definition does not address the issue of how fast the deformation occurs and as we shall see later this rate is dependent on many factors including the properties of the fluid itself. The inability of fluids to resist shearing stress gives them their characteristic ability to change shape or to flow; their inability to support tension stress is an engineering assumption, but it is a well-justified assumption because such stresses, which depend on intermolecular cohesion, are usually extremely small..... Because fluids cannot support shearing stresses, it does not follow that such stresses are nonexistent in fluids. During the flow of real fluids, the shearing stresses assume an important role, and their prediction is a vital part of engineering work. Without flow, however, shearing stresses cannot exist, and compression stress or pressure is the only stress to be considered (Elementary Fluid Mechanics, 7th edition, by R.L. Street, G.Z. Watters and J.K. Vennard, John Wiley \\& Sons, 1996). [PAR] So we see that the most obvious property of fluids, their ability to flow and change their shape, is precisely a result of their inability to support shearing stresses. Flow is possible without a shear stress, since differences in pressure will cause a fluid lump to experience a resultant force and produce an acceleration, but when a fluid is deforming its shape, shearing stresses must be present. [PAR] With this definition of a fluid, we can recognize that certain materials that look like solids are actually fluids. Tar, for example, is sold in barrel-sized chunks which appear at first sight to be the solid phase of the liquid which forms when the tar is heated. However, cold tar is also a fluid. If a brick is placed on top of an open barrel of tar, we will see it very slowly settle into the tar. It will continue to settle as time goes by --- the tar continues to deform under the applied load --- and eventually the brick will be engulfed by the tar. Even then it will continue to move downwards until it reaches the bottom of the barrel. Glass is another substance that appears to be solid, but is actually a fluid. The glass flows under the action of its own weight. If you measure the thickness of a very old glass pane you would find it to be larger at the bottom than at the top of the pane. This deformation happens very slowly because the glass has a very high viscosity, and the results can take centuries to become obvious. Another example: silly putty behaves like an elastic body when subject to rapid stress (it bounces like a ball) but it has fluid behavior under a slowly acting stress (it flows like a fluid under its own weight)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Plasma | Article about plasma by The Free Dictionary Plasma | Article about plasma by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Plasma | Article about plasma by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/plasma [PAR] Related to plasma: Plasma tv , Plasma Chemistry , Plasma display [PAR] plasma, [PAR] in physics, fully ionized gas of low density, containing approximately equal numbers of positive and negative ions (see electron electron, [PAR] elementary particle carrying a unit charge of negative electricity. Ordinary electric current is the flow of electrons through a wire conductor (see electricity). The electron is one of the basic constituents of matter. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. and ion ion, [PAR] atom or group of atoms having a net electric charge. Positive and Negative Electric Charges [PAR] A neutral atom or group of atoms becomes an ion by gaining or losing one or more electrons or protons. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ). It is electrically conductive and is affected by magnetic fields. The study of plasma, called plasma physics, is especially important in research efforts to produce a controlled thermonuclear reaction (see nuclear energy nuclear energy, [PAR] the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and released through fission, fusion, or radioactivity. In these processes a small amount of mass is converted to energy according to the relationship E = mc2, where E is energy, m [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ). Such a reaction requires extremely high temperatures; it has been computed that a temperature of about 10 million degrees Celsius would be needed to initiate the reaction between deuterium and tritium. By passing a very high electric current through plasma great heat is produced and, simultaneously, an electromagnetic field is created, causing the plasma to withdraw from the walls of its container. The contraction of the plasma, called the pinch effect, prevents the container from being destroyed, but the effect may become unstable too quickly for the fusion reaction. The properties of plasma are distinct from those of the ordinary states of matter states of matter, [PAR] forms of matter differing in several properties because of differences in the motions and forces of the molecules (or atoms, ions, or elementary particles) of which they are composed. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , and for this reason many scientists consider plasma a fourth state of matter. Interstellar gases, as well as the matter inside stars, are thought to be in the form of plasma, thus making plasma a common form of matter in the universe. See also condensate condensate, [PAR] matter in the form of a gas of atoms, molecules, or elementary particles that have been so chilled that their motion is virtually halted and as a consequence they lose their separate identities and merge into a single entity. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . [PAR] Plasma (physics) [PAR] The field of physics that studies highly ionized gases. Plasma is a gas of charged and neutral particles which exhibits collective behavior. All gases become ionized at sufficiently high temperatures, creating what has been called a fourth state of matter, together with solids, liquids, and gases. It has been estimated that more than 99% of the universe is in the plasma state. On the Earth, plasmas are much less common. Lightning is a familiar natural manifestation, and fluorescent lights are a practical application. Plasma applications and studies make use of an enormous range of plasma temperatures, densities, and neutral pressures. They extend from plasma processing applications at relatively low temperatures (such as plasma etching"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE FEARSOME REACTOR MELTDOWN ACCIDENT THE FEARSOME REACTOR MELTDOWN ACCIDENT [PAR] next=> [PAR] THE FEARSOME REACTOR MELTDOWN ACCIDENT [PAR] Technologies are normally developed by entrepreneurs whose primary goal is making money. If the technology is successful, the entrepreneurs prosper as a new industry develops and thrives. In the process, the environmental impacts of this new technology are the least of their concerns. Only after the public revolts against the pollution inflicted upon it does the issue of the environment come into the picture. At that point an adversarial relationship may develop, with the government serving to protect the public at the expense of the industry. Coal-burning technologies have been an excellent example of this development process. [PAR] With nuclear energy, everything was to be entirely different. It was conceived and brought into being by the world's greatest scientists. They banded together to obtain government support; the highly publicized letter from Albert Einstein to President Roosevelt in 1941 was a key element in that process. Their motivation was entirely idealistic. None of them thought about making money, and there was no mechanism for them to do so. Their first objective was to save the world from the hideous Hitler, and after World War II it was to protect freedom and democracy through military strength. But from the beginning of the project in the early 1940s, the scientists always felt strongly that this new technology, developed at government expense, would provide great benefits to mankind. [PAR] Distinguished scientists like Henry Smythe and Glenn Seaborg held high positions of power all the way up until the early 1970s, and through them many of the greatest and most idealistic scientists, like Enrico Fermi, Eugene Wigner, and Hans Bethe, exerted great influence on the course of events. Directly or indirectly, hundreds of scientists were involved in guiding our national nuclear energy program. They set up national laboratories of unprecedented size in the New York (Brookhaven), Chicago (Argonne), and San Francisco (Berkeley, Livermore) areas and at the wartime development sites in Oak Ridge, Tennessee and Los Alamos, New Mexico. They arranged for an unprecedented level of financial support for research in universities where most of the scientists were based. Their objectives went far beyond development of nuclear technology, and included seeking a thorough understanding of the environmental effects. Their approach ran the gamut from the most basic research to the most practical applications. [PAR] The government's side of this enterprise was run by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). The AEC was set up at the behest of scientists to remove nuclear energy development from military control. Prominent scientists served as commissioners, often as chairmen. It's General Advisory Committee, made up of some of the nation's most distinguished scientists, exerted very strong influence. The AEC was monitored by the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, which included some of the most powerful senators and representatives. A spirit of close cooperation reigned throughout. The goal of all was to provide humankind with the blessings of nuclear energy as expeditiously as possible. [PAR] There was a general understanding among all concerned that the scientists had paid their dues \u0097 they had given the government's military nuclear weapons, nuclear submarines, and a host of other goodies \u0097 and that their new technology was to serve humanity under the guidance of this research enterprise. Government also recognized that this enterprise, in the long run, would serve the public interest, and continues to support it to this day. A recent well-publicized element of that program is the multibillion dollar superconducting supercollider accelerator to be constructed in Texas to study the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Audio and sound engineer's glossary of terms. | Testing1212 Audio and sound engineer's glossary of terms. | Testing1212 [PAR] [PAR] Absorption [PAR] Short for the term Acoustical Absorption (quality of a surface or substance to take in, not reflect, a sound wave). [PAR] AC [PAR] 1) Abbreviation for alternating current. [PAR] 2) An abbreviation of the term Alternating Current (electric current which flows back and forth in a circuit; all studio signals running through audio lines are AC). [PAR] Acoustic/Acoustical [PAR] Having to do with sound that can be heard by the ears. [PAR] AcousticsThe behaviour of sound and its study. The acoustics of a room depend on its size and shape and the amount and position of sound-absorbing and reflecting material. [PAR] Acoustic Amplifier [PAR] The portion of the instrument which makes the vibrating source move more air or move air more efficiently; this makes the sound of the instrument louder. Examples of acoustic amplifiers include: [PAR] 1) The body of an acoustic guitar, [PAR] 2) The sounding board of a piano, [PAR] 3) The bell of a horn and [PAR] 4) The shell of a drum. [PAR] Acoustic Echo Chamber [PAR] A room designed with very hard, non-parallel surfaces and equipped with a speaker and microphone; dry signals from the console are fed to the speaker and the microphone will have a reverberation of these signals that can be mixed in with the dry signals at the console. [PAR] Action [PAR] In guitar playing, action refers to how far the strings sit off of the guitar neck. When strings are close to the neck, it is referred to as \u201cLow Action\u201d. When the string sit far above the neck, it is called \u201cHigh Action\u201d. Guitars with low action are easier to play, but make sure they are not too close, or it could causing buzzing. [PAR] Active Crossover [PAR] Uses active devices (transistors, IC\u2019s, tubes) and some form of power supply to operate. [PAR] Active/Inactive Microphones [PAR] Scientific definitions aside, active microphones generally sound better than inactive ones, but they generally cost more. They also require the use of either a battery or phantom power while inactive mics need only be plugged into the mic cord in order to work. In most playing situations, the subtle improvement in sound quality from an active mic isn\u2019t worth the extra cost and hassle. One possible exception it the headset mic. Put simply, inactive headset mics just plain suck. Active headset mics put out a much stronger signal and feed back much less. [PAR] A/D [PAR] An abbreviation of Analog to Digital Conversion (the conversion of a quantity that has continuous changes into numbers that approximate those changes), or Analog to Digital Converter. [PAR] ADAT [PAR] A trademark of Alesis Corporation designating its modular digital multitrack recording system released in early 1993. [PAR] ADSR [PAR] The letters A, D, S &R are the first letters of: Attack, Decay, Sustain and Release. These are the various elements of volume changes in the sounding of a keyboard instrument. [PAR] AES [PAR] An abbreviation of Audio Engineering Society. [PAR] AES/EBU [PAR] Professional Interface A standard for sending and receiving digital audio adopted by the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcast Union. [PAR] Aliasing [PAR] A sampler mis-recognizing a signal sent to it that is at a frequency higher than the Nyquist Frequency. Upon playback, the system will provide a signal at an incorrect frequency (called an alias frequency). Aliasing is a kind of distortion. [PAR] Alternating Current [PAR] Electric current which flows back and forth in a circuit. [PAR] Ambience [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Units of Heat - BTU, Calorie and Joule - Engineering ToolBox Units of Heat - <i>BTU, Calorie and Joule</i> [PAR] The most common units for heat are [PAR] BTU (Btu) - British Thermal Unit - also known as a \"heat unit\" in United States [PAR] Calorie [PAR] BTU - British Thermal Unit [PAR] The unit of heat in the imperial system - the BTU - is [PAR] the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water through 1oF (58.5oF - 59.5oF) at sea level (30 inches of mercury). [PAR] 1 Btu (British thermal unit) = 1055.06 J = 107.6 kpm = 2.931 10-4 kWh = 0.252 kcal = 778.16 ft.lbf = 1.0551010 ergs = 252 cal = 0.293 watt-hours [PAR] An item using one kilowatt-hour of electricity generates 3412 Btu. [PAR] one hundred thousand (105) Btu are called a therm [PAR] Calorie [PAR] A calorie is commonly defined as [PAR] the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1oC [PAR] the kilogram calorie, large calorie, food calorie, Calorie (capital C) or just calorie (lowercase c) is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius [PAR] 1 calorie (cal) = 1/860 international watthour (Wh) [PAR] 1 kcal = 4186.8 J = 426.9 kp m = 1.163 10-3 kWh = 3.088 ft lbf = 3.9683 Btu = 1000 cal [PAR] Be aware that alternative definitions exists - in short: [PAR] Thermochemical calorie [PAR] International Steam Table calorie (1929) [PAR] International Steam Table calorie (1956) [PAR] IUNS calorie (Committee on Nomenclature of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences) [PAR] The calorie is outdated and commonly replaced by the SI-unit Joule. [PAR] Joule [PAR] The unit of heat in the SI-system the Joule is [PAR] a unit of energy equal to the work done when a force of one newton acts through a distance of one meter [PAR] 4.184 joule of heat energy (or one calorie) is required to raise the temperature of a unit weight (1 g) of water from 0oC to 1oC, or from 32oF to 33.8oF [PAR] 1 J (Joule) = 0.1020 kpm = 2.778 10-7 kWh = 2.389 10-4 kcal = 0.7376 ft.lbf = 1 kg.m2/s2 = 1 watt second = 1 Nm = 9.478 10-4 Btu [PAR] Heating - Heating systems - capacity and design of boilers, pipelines, heat exchangers, expansion systems and more [PAR] Thermodynamics - Effects of work, heat and energy on systems [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Heat Storage in Materials - Energy stored as sensible heat in materials [PAR] Specific Heat of common Substances - Specific heat of materials like wet mud, granite, sandy clay, quartz sand and more [PAR] Gases - Ratios of Specific Heat - Ratios of specific heat for gases in constant pressure and volume processes [PAR] Heat, Work and Energy - Heat, work and energy tutorial - essentials as specific heat [PAR] Specific Heat - Specific Heat is the amount of heat required to change a unit mass of a substance by one degree in temperature [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] en: heat units btu calorie joule [PAR] es: unidades de calor por efecto Joule calor\u00edas btu [PAR] de: W\u00e4rmeeinheiten btu Kalorien Joule [PAR] Search the Engineering ToolBox[DOC] [TLE] Calorie (unit) | definition of Calorie (unit) by Medical ... Calorie (unit) | definition of Calorie (unit) by Medical dictionary [PAR] Calorie (unit) | definition of Calorie (unit) by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Calorie+(unit) [PAR] calorie [PAR] [kal\u00b4o-re] [PAR] any of several units of heat defined as the amount of heat required"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the significance of E = mc 2 ? And what does it mean? What is the significance of E = mc2? And what does it mean? - Scientific American [PAR] Scientific American [PAR] Advertisement | [PAR] Report Ad [PAR] Ronald C. Lasky, director of the Cook Engineering Design Center at Dartmouth College, explains the significance behind this hallowed equation: [PAR] It is the most famous equation in the world. Many can recite it\u2014and attribute it to Albert Einstein\u2014but few know its significance. [PAR] It tells us that mass and energy are related, and, in those rare instances where mass is converted totally into energy, how much energy that will be. The elegance with which it ties together three disparate parts of nature\u2014energy, the speed of light and mass\u2014is profound. [PAR] Here is where the equation of all equations comes from: [PAR] It was known for some time before Einstein's insights that electromagnetic radiation (light, for example) possessed momentum. This quality of radiation is small in magnitude\u2014after all, you needn't worry about being knocked over by sunlight\u2014but easily measurable. Applying an understanding of light's momentum within a little thought experiment, it is possible to see how E = mc2 comes about. [PAR] Consider a cubic hollow box at rest in space with sides of length D and a mass of M. This box is also symmetrical in its mass distribution. One of the faces inside the box is coated with a fluorescing material, and, at a given moment, a photon (i.e., a particle of light) is emitted from that material, perpendicular to its surface. The momentum of this photon causes the box to move in the opposite direction as the photon, and it continues to move until the photon hits the opposite wall. During this time the box moves a very small distance, \u0394x. [PAR] Image: RONALD LASKY [PAR] Newton's laws of mechanics tell us that the center of mass cannot move, because the box has not been acted upon by an outside force. However, in order to keep the center of mass constant, since the box has moved, some mass must have been transferred from the fluorescing side of the box to the absorbing side in the process of generating the photon and its striking the opposite side. Therefore the photon must have a mass, m. [PAR] So the photon, which also possesses energy E, is emitted from the fluorescing side of the box. Its momentum, Pphoton, is equal to its energy divided by the speed of light: Pphoton = E / c. The photon will impart this momentum to the box, causing the box to move a small distance, \u0394x, during the time, t, in which the photon travels to the opposite side of the box. The momentum of the box, Pbox, is also equal to its mass, M, times the velocity, vbox, at which it moves before the photon strikes its target. (Note: The box loses the photon's mass, m, during this process, but this slight loss can be neglected here.) Hence: [PAR] Pphoton = Pbox = E / c = Mvbox [PAR] Then vbox = E / cM (1) [PAR] We can also determine the time it takes for the photon to travel across the box: it is equal to the length, between parallel faces, of the box (which is D), minus the amount the box moved in the opposite direction (\u0394x), divided by the speed of light, c. (The target will essentially have moved a slight distance closer, meaning the photon did not have to travel the full distance D.): [PAR] t"
    },
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why does electricity flowing through a copper coil ... electromagnetism - Why does electricity flowing through a copper coil generate a magnetic field? - Physics Stack Exchange [PAR] Why does electricity flowing through a copper coil generate a magnetic field? [PAR] up vote 4 down vote favorite [PAR] Can some one please explain to me why electricity flowing though a copper coil generates a magnetic field or where I could possibly find that information? Are there other materials that produce a magnetic field when a current is run through them in a different shape? Thanks! [PAR] up vote 4 down vote accepted [PAR] Can some one please explain to me why electricity flowing though a copper coil generates a magnetic field or where I could possibly find that information? [PAR] An electric current (a flow of electric charge) has an associated magnetic field regardless of the material (or space) the flow occurs in. This is a fundamental part of electromagnetism, rooted in observation, and quantified in Ampere's Law . [PAR] I which to emphasize that this phenomenon is considered to be fundamental in nature, which means, there cannot be a \"more\" fundamental explanation (for, if there were, electromagnetism would not be fundamental). [PAR] up vote 3 down vote [PAR] This is a very-basic question. There are lot more things to digest than just that in EM..! All because of Maxwell equations ... [PAR] Both Electric & Magnetic fields are inter-dependent (i.e.) One field requires another (or) one field produces another. The phenomenon is called Electromagnetism . For example, consider an electric charge at rest (static). It produces an electric field. But when the charge is in motion (current), a magnetic field is produced perpendicular to its direction of propagation. [PAR] Say, If you pass current through a straight wire, magnetic field is formed around the wire in the form of circular rings (could affect compass or metal fillings nearby). On the other hand, you're passing current through a circular spring-like thing (commonly, a coil) called solenoid, magnetic field is produced along its axis. Simply you could keep in mind that Magnetic field is produced by moving charges (current). This is an observed phenomena and it's explained by Maxwell. [PAR] Your last question is \"Ok to ask\"... Yes, there are a lot of materials (mostly metals) that produce magnetic field when current flows through them. But, Shape is not at all \"a matter\". It's whether there's a change in the fields that matters..."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
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\u0002\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd\u0005\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0002\u0000\u0001\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Unified Field Theory Unified Field Theory, in physics, a theory that proposes to unify the four known interactions, or forces\ufffdthe strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces\ufffdby a simple set of general laws. Four distinct forces are known to control all the observed interactions in matter: gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong force (a short-range force that holds atomic nuclei together), and the weak force (the force responsible for slow nuclear processes, such as beta decay). The attempts to develop a unified field theory are grounded in the belief that all physical phenomena should ultimately be explainable by some underlying unity. One of the first to attempt the development of such a theory was Albert Einstein, whose work in relativity had led him to the hypothesis that it should be possible to find a unifying theory for the electromagnetic and gravitational forces. Einstein tried unsuccessfully during the last 30 years of his life to develop a theory that would represent forces and material particles by fields only, in which particles would be regions of very high field intensity. The development of quantum theory, which Einstein rejected, and the discovery of many new particles, however, precluded Einstein's success in formulating a unifying theory based on relativity and classical physics alone. An important advance in this quest was made in 1967-68 by the American physicist Steven Weinberg and the Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam. They succeeded in unifying the weak interaction and the electromagnetic interaction by using a mathematical technique known as gauge symmetry (see Elementary Particles). According to this theory the electromagnetic interaction consists of the exchange of a photon, and the weak interaction of the exchange of W and Z intermediate bosons. These bosons are believed to belong to the same family of particles as the photons. Theoretical physicists are currently attempting to combine this so-called electroweak theory with the strong nuclear force, using symmetry theories; such attempts are known as grand unification theories, or GUTs. The effort also continues to combine all four fundamental interactions, including gravitation, in what are now known as supersymmetry theories. Thus far, however, such attempts have not succeeded, although they are proving useful in current work in cosmology (see Inflationary Theory). Microsoft \ufffd Encarta \ufffd Reference Library 2003. \ufffd 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. unified field theory in particle physics, an attempt to describe all fundamental forces and the relationships between elementary particles in terms of a single theoretical framework. In physics, forces can be described by fields that mediate interactions between separate objects. In the mid-19th century James Clerk Maxwell formulated the first field theory in his theory of electromagnetism. Then, in the early part of the 20th century, \u0013 HYPERLINK \"eb://gateway/g?gtype=article_view&doc_name=core/10/84/94_1.html&terms=unified%20field%20theory%20unified%20field%20theory\" \u0014Albert Einstein\u0015 developed general relativity, a field theory of gravitation. Later, Einstein and others attempted to construct a unified field theory in which electromagnetism and gravity would emerge as different aspects of a single fundamental field. They failed, and to this day gravity remains beyond attempts at a unified field theory. At subatomic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors - Physics Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors [PAR] Reflection and the Ray Model of Light - Lesson 3 - Concave Mirrors [PAR] Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors [PAR] Spherical Aberration [PAR] The theme of this unit has been that we see an object because light from the object travels to our eyes as we sight along a line at the object. Similarly, we see an image of an object because light from the object reflects off a mirror and travel to our eyes as we sight at the image location of the object. From these two basic premises, we have defined the image location as the location in space where light appears to diverge from. Ray diagrams have been a valuable tool for determining the path taken by light from the object to the mirror to our eyes. In this section of Lesson 3, we will investigate the method for drawing ray diagrams for objects placed at various locations in front of a concave mirror. [PAR] To draw these diagrams, we will have to recall the two rules of reflection for concave mirrors: [PAR] Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will pass through the focal point upon reflection. [PAR] Any incident ray passing through the focal point on the way to the mirror will travel parallel to the principal axis upon reflection. [PAR] Earlier in this lesson, the following diagram was shown to illustrate the path of light from an object to mirror to an eye. [PAR] In this diagram five incident rays are drawn along with their corresponding reflected rays. Each ray intersects at the image location and then diverges to the eye of an observer. Every observer would observe the same image location and every light ray would follow the law of reflection. Yet only two of these rays would be needed to determine the image location since it only requires two rays to find the intersection point. Of the five incident rays drawn, two of them correspond to the incident rays described by our two rules of reflection for concave mirrors. Because they are the easiest and most predictable pair of rays to draw, these will be the two rays used through the remainder of this lesson [PAR] [PAR] Step-by-Step Method for Drawing Ray Diagrams [PAR] The method for drawing ray diagrams for concave mirror is described below. The method is applied to the task of drawing a ray diagram for an object located beyond the center of curvature (C) of a concave mirror. Yet the same method works for drawing a ray diagram for any object location. [PAR] 1. Pick a point on the top of the object and draw two incident rays traveling towards the mirror. [PAR] Using a straight edge, accurately draw one ray so that it passes exactly through the focal point on the way to the mirror. Draw the second ray such that it travels exactly parallel to the principal axis. Place arrowheads upon the rays to indicate their direction of travel. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] 2. Once these incident rays strike the mirror, reflect them according to the two rules of reflection for concave mirrors. [PAR] The ray that passes through the focal point on the way to the mirror will reflect and travel parallel to the principal axis. Use a straight edge to accurately draw its path. The ray that traveled parallel to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will reflect and travel through the focal point. Place arrowheads upon the rays"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frequency - definition of frequency by The Free Dictionary Frequency - definition of frequency by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Frequency - definition of frequency by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/frequency [PAR] n. pl. fre\u00b7quen\u00b7cies [PAR] 1. The property or condition of occurring at frequent intervals. [PAR] 2. Mathematics & Physics The number of times a specified periodic phenomenon occurs within a specified interval, as: [PAR] a. The number of repetitions of a complete sequence of values of a periodic function per unit variation of an independent variable. [PAR] b. The number of complete cycles of a periodic process occurring per unit time. [PAR] c. The number of repetitions per unit time of a complete waveform, as of an electric current. [PAR] 3. Statistics [PAR] [Latin frequentia, multitude, from frequ\u0113ns, frequent-, crowded, numerous, frequent.] [PAR] frequency [PAR] n, pl -cies [PAR] 1. the state of being frequent; frequent occurrence [PAR] 2. the number of times that an event occurs within a given period; rate of recurrence [PAR] 3. (Mathematics) physics the number of times that a periodic function or vibration repeats itself in a specified time, often 1 second. It is usually measured in hertz. Symbol: \u03bd or f [PAR] 4. (Statistics) statistics [PAR] a. the number of individuals in a class (absolute frequency) [PAR] b. the ratio of this number to the total number of individuals under survey (relative frequency) [PAR] 5. (Biology) ecology [PAR] a. the number of individuals of a species within a given area [PAR] b. the percentage of quadrats that contains individuals of a species [PAR] Also called (for senses 1, 2): frequence [PAR] [C16: from Latin frequentia a large gathering, from frequ\u0113ns numerous, crowded] [PAR] fre\u2022quen\u2022cy [PAR] 1. Also, fre\u2032quence. the state or fact of being frequent; frequent occurrence. [PAR] 2. rate of occurrence. [PAR] 3. Physics. [PAR] a. the number of periods or regularly occurring events of any given kind in a unit of time, usu. one second. [PAR] b. the number of cycles or completed alternations per unit time of a wave or oscillation. Symbol: F; Abbr.: freq. [PAR] 4. Math. the number of times a value recurs in a unit change of the independent variable of a given function. [PAR] 5. Statistics. the number of items occurring in a given category. [PAR] [1545\u201355; < Latin] [PAR] fre\u00b7quen\u00b7cy [PAR] (fr\u0113\u2032kw\u0259n-s\u0113) [PAR] 1. Physics The number of complete cycles of a wave, such as a radio wave, that occur per second. See more at wave . [PAR] 2. Mathematics The ratio of the number of occurrences of some event to the number of opportunities for its occurrence. [PAR] Frequency [PAR] (See also DURATION , TIME .) [PAR] once in a blue moon Very rarely. A blue moon occurs when there is a full moon twice in the same month, an unusual event, but one that takes place from time to time. [PAR] rare as hen\u2019s teeth See scarce as hen\u2019s teeth, ABSENCE . [PAR] when two Fridays come together Never. Since two Fridays never come together, this expression is usually used as a sarcastic quip when one is asked when he intends to do something of an onerous nature such as complete a project, pay back a personal loan, or the like. [PAR] frequency [PAR] Number of cycles or waves per second. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] frequency - the number of occurrences within a given time period; \"the frequency of modulation was 40 cycles per second\"; \"the frequency of his seizures increased as he grew older\" [PAR] audio frequency , audio - an audible acoustic wave frequency [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the difference between force (F=MA) and momentum ... What is the difference between force (F=MA) and momentum (mass * velocity)? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written May 2, 2015 [PAR] Formula wise, you just said it. [PAR] By definition, momentum refers to the quantity of motion that an object has. And the rate of change of that momentum is defined as the force. [PAR] Written May 6, 2015 [PAR] Force and momentum are two concepts that are used in mechanics to describe statics or dynamics of bodies. Both force and momentum are vectors. Force is an external cause, while momentum is an internal property of matter. A force is required to change the momentum of any object. The force on an object can be defined as the change of momentum per unit time. [PAR] The definition of force is \u201cany influence that causes or attempts to cause a free body to undergo a change in the acceleration or the shape of the body.\u201d [PAR] There are two main types of forces - contact forces and field forces. Contact forces are forces that are used in everyday incidents such as pushing or pulling an object. Field forces include gravitational force, magnetic force, and electric force. Forces such as static friction, surface tension, and reactive forces are all responsible for keeping the objects in static conditions. Forces such as gravitational force, electrical force, and magnetic force are all responsible for keeping the world and everything in the universe together. [PAR] Momentum is a measurement of the inertia of an object. It is divided into two main types. One is the linear momentum, and the other is the angular momentum. [PAR] Linear momentum is defined as the product of the mass and velocity of the object. Angular momentum is defined as the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity of the object. Both these are measurements of the current inertia of the system. [PAR] Angular momentum is related to the rotation or revolution of matter. It is, in effect, a measure of the quantity of rotation of a system of matter, taking into account its mass, rotations, motions and shape. Linear momentum is also a conserved quantity, meaning that if a closed system is not affected by external forces, its total linear momentum cannot change. This fact, known as the law of conservation of momentum, is implied by Newton's Laws of Motion. [PAR] A change of momentum always requires a net force or torque acting upon the object. Momentum is a relativistic variant. [PAR] Written Feb 17, 2016 [PAR] Momentum measures the 'motion content' of an object, and is based on the product of an object's mass and velocity. Momentum doubles, for example, when velocity doubles. Similarly, if two objects are moving with the same velocity, one with twice the mass of the other also has twice the momentum. [PAR] Force, on the other hand, is the push or pull that is applied to an object to CHANGE its momentum. Newton's second law of motion defines force as the product of mass times ACCELERATION (vs. velocity). Since acceleration is the change in velocity divided by time, you can connect the two concepts with the following relationship: [PAR] force = mass x (velocity / time) = (mass x velocity) / time = momentum / time [PAR] Multiplying both sides of this equation by time: [PAR] force x time = momentum"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How does change of direction change the velocity? - Quora How does change of direction change the velocity? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written May 10, 2016 [PAR] Velocity is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude as well as direction. When we say that velicity changes, there can be three conditions: [PAR] Only the magnitude changes (what we call speed) and direction remains the same. Eg. A car moving on a straight road applies breaks. [PAR] Only the direction changes and the magnitude remains constant. Eg. A car moves on a circular path with constant speed. [PAR] Both the direction and the magnitude changes. Eg. A car moving along a curved path with some tangential acceleration. [PAR] 367 Views [PAR] Related Questions[DOC] [TLE] Scalars and Vectors - Glenn Research Center Scalars and Vectors [PAR] To better understand the science of propulsion it is necessary to use some mathematical ideas from vector analysis. Most people are introduced to vectors in high school or college, but for the elementary and middle school students, or the mathematically-challenged: [PAR] DON'T PANIC!. [PAR] There are many complex parts to vector analysis and we aren't going there. We are going to limit ourselves to the very basics. Vectors allow us to look at complex, multi-dimensional problems as a simpler group of one-dimensional problems. We will be concerned mostly with definitions The words are a bit strange, but the ideas are very powerful as you will see. If you want to find out a lot more about vectors you can download this report on vector analysis . [PAR] Math and science were invented by humans to describe and understand the world around us. We live in a (at least) four-dimensional world governed by the passing of time and three space dimensions; up and down, left and right, and back and forth. We observe that there are some quantities and processes in our world that depend on the direction in which they occur, and there are some quantities that do not depend on direction. For example, the volume of an object, the three-dimensional space that an object occupies, does not depend on direction. If we have a 5 cubic foot block of iron and we move it up and down and then left and right, we still have a 5 cubic foot block of iron. On the other hand, the location , of an object does depend on direction. If we move the 5 cubic foot block 5 miles to the north, the resulting location is very different than if we moved it 5 miles to the east. Mathematicians and scientists call a quantity which depends on direction a vector quantity. A quantity which does not depend on direction is called a scalar quantity. [PAR] Vector quantities have two characteristics, a magnitude and a direction. Scalar quantities have only a magnitude. When comparing two vector quantities of the same type, you have to compare both the magnitude and the direction. For scalars, you only have to compare the magnitude. When doing any mathematical operation on a vector quantity (like adding, subtracting, multiplying ..) you have to consider both the magnitude and the direction. This makes dealing with vector quantities a little more complicated than scalars. [PAR] On the slide we list some of the physical quantities discussed in the Beginner's Guide to Aeronautics and group them into either vector or scalar quantities. Of particular interest, the forces which operate on a flying aircraft, the weight , thrust , and aerodynmaic forces , are all vector quantities. The resulting motion of the aircraft in terms of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Units converter for magnetic flux density - Calculator Enter a value into either text box and select units using the drop-down boxes. [PAR] = [PAR] What is Magnetic Flux Density? [PAR] Magnetic flux density is the amount of magnetic flux per unit area of a section that is perpendicular to the direction of flux. It is also sometimes known as \"magnetic induction\" or simply \"magnetic field\". It can be thought of as the density of the magnetic field lines - the closer they are together, the higher the magnetic flux density. [PAR] Mathematically it is represented as B = \u03a6/A where B is magnetic flux density in teslas (T), \u03a6 is magnetic flux in webers (Wb), and A is area in square meters (m2). The SI unit for magnetic flux density is the tesla which is equivalent to webers per square meter. The unit was named in 1960 after the Serbian-American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla. [PAR] Bookmark this page in your browser using Ctrl\u00c2 and\u00c2 d or using one of these services: (opens in new window)[DOC] [TLE] magnetic flux - Electrical Engineering and Technology Magnetic Field and Magnetic Circuit | Magnetic Materials | Electrical4u [PAR] Next \u00bb [PAR] Magnetic Material [PAR] All the materials in this universe may be classified either magnetic or non-magnetic. Magnetic materials are those which are affected by magnetic field and non magnetic materials are those which are not affected or slightly affected by magnetic field. Maximum types of materials fall under category of non \u2013 magnetic material. Non-magnetic material can further be classified as diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials. Some of the non magnetic materials exhibit very slight magnetic effect but it is extremely difficult to detect. Practically, all these materials are referred as totally non-magnetic. On the other hand, all the materials which exhibit magnetic effect strongly are referred as magnetic materials or ferromagnetic materials. [PAR] The materials based on iron, cobalt and ferrites are normally ferromagnetic materials. [PAR] Magnetic Field [PAR] Magnetic fields can be created either by placing, a permanent magnet or by supplying current through a solenoid. Latter is electromagnet. A magnetic field is defined as the space surrounding a permanent magnet or electromagnet where the electric field is felt by other magnet or magnetic material. [PAR] Magnetic Flux or Magnetic Lines of Force [PAR] Magnetic field is also represented by lines of force as static electric field . These lines of force are referred as magnetic flux. When a unit magnetic pole is placed inside a magnetic field, it will experience both repulsive and attractive force, from similar and opposite poles of the magnet, respectively. The unit pole travels due to resultant of the repulsive and attractive force. The path through which the unit pole travels in the magnetic field is referred as magnetic lines of force. There are numbers of magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field, and these lines of force are collectively called magnetic flux. These flux lines have some specific properties that are described below. [PAR] Properties of Magnetic Flux or Magnetic Lines of Force [PAR] They always form complete closed loops. Unlike lines of electric flux , which radiate from and terminate at the charged surfaces, lines of magnetic flux exist all the way through the magnet. [PAR] They behave as if they are elastic. That is, when distorted they try to return to their natural shape and spacing. [PAR] The lines of force of magnetic field are radiated from the north (N) pole to the south (S) pole. [PAR] Flux lines do not cross or interact to each other. [PAR] Since, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cryogenics - Science Clarified Cryogenics - humans, body, used, process, Earth, form, energy, methods, gas [PAR] Cryogenics [PAR] Cryogenics [PAR] Photo by: deepspacedave [PAR] Cryogenics is the science of producing and studying low-temperature conditions. The word cryogenics comes from the Greek word cryos , meaning \"cold,\" combined with a shortened form of the English verb \"to generate.\" It has come to mean the generation of temperatures well below those of normal human experience. More specifically, a low-temperature environment is termed a cryogenic environment when the temperature range is below the point at which permanent gases begin to liquefy. Permanent gases are elements that normally exist in the gaseous state and were once believed impossible to liquefy. Among others, they include oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium. [PAR] The origin of cryogenics as a scientific discipline coincided with the discovery by nineteenth-century scientists that the permanent gases can be liquefied at exceedingly low temperatures. Consequently, the term \"cryogenic\" applies to temperatures from approximately \u2212100\u00b0C (\u2212148\u00b0F) down to absolute zero (the coldest point a material could reach). [PAR] The temperature of any material\u2014solid, liquid, or gas\u2014is a measure of the energy it contains. That energy is due to various forms of motion among the atoms or molecules of which the material is made. A gas that consists of very rapidly moving molecules, for example, has a higher temperature than one with molecules that are moving more slowly. [PAR] In 1848, English physicist William Thomson (later known as Lord Kelvin; 1824\u20131907) pointed out the possibility of having a material in which particles had ceased all forms of motion. The absence of all forms of motion would result in a complete absence of heat and temperature. Thomson defined that condition as absolute zero. [PAR] Words to Know [PAR] Absolute zero: The lowest temperature possible at which all molecular motion ceases. It is equal to \u2212273\u00b0C (\u2212459\u00b0F). [PAR] Kelvin temperature scale: A temperature scale based on absolute zero with a unit, called the kelvin, having the same size as a Celsius degree. [PAR] Superconductivity: The ability of a material to conduct electricity without resistance. An electrical current in a superconductive ring will flow indefinitely if a low temperature (about \u2212260\u00b0C) is maintained. [PAR] Thomson's discovery became the basis of a temperature scale based on absolute zero as the lowest possible point. That scale has units the same size as the Celsius temperature scale but called kelvin units (abbreviation K). Absolute zero is represented as 0 K, where the term degree is omitted and is read as zero kelvin. The Celsius equivalent of 0 K is \u2212273\u00b0C, and the Fahrenheit equivalent is \u2212459\u00b0F. One can convert between Celsius and Kelvin scales by one of the following equations: [PAR] \u00b0C = K \u2212 273 or K = \u00b0C + 273 [PAR] Cryogenics, then, deals with producing and maintaining environments at temperatures below about 173 K. [PAR] One aspect of cryogenics involves the development of methods for producing and maintaining very low temperatures. Another aspect includes the study of the properties of materials at cryogenic temperatures. The mechanical and electrical properties of many materials change very dramatically when cooled to 100 K or lower. For example, rubber, most plastics, and some metals become exceedingly brittle. Also many metals and ceramics lose all resistance to the flow of electricity, a phenomenon called superconductivity. In addition, helium that is cooled to very nearly absolute zero (2.2 K) changes to a state known as superfluidity. In this state, helium can flow through exceedingly narrow passages with no friction. [PAR] History [PAR] Cryogenics developed in the nineteenth century as a result"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bamboo, Favorite Food of Pandas - China Unique Bamboo and Panda Bears [PAR] Bamboo, Favorite Food of Pandas [PAR] [PAR] Bamboo is the favorite food of Giant Panda bears. It is grown all over the Panda's habitat. But it also can and is grown in many other parts of the world. In th U.S., many varieties have been imported and flourish in home gardens. They are popular in home gardens where Japanese or asian setting are desired. For others, they just like the challenge of growing something different. [PAR] Bamboo Trivia: An adult Giant Panda eats 45 pounds of bamboo per day. [PAR] Bamboo can be grown in most climates. It also requires little care and attention, thriving and spreading profusely through it's root system . It is strongly recommended that gardeners create a barrier two to three feet deep around the planting area to contain the spread of the roots to areas beyond where the plants are desired. [PAR] Not only is bamboo grown as an ornamental plant, but the shoots are edible. If you eat a variety of chinese food, chances are you have eaten bamboo. Like rice, it has little flavor of it's own and takes on the flavor of the food it is cooked with. While nutritional value is low, it is a good source of fiber. Low nutritional value is one reason Giant Pandas need to eat so much of it. Bamboo shoots command a fairly high market price so it can make a good cash crop. [PAR] Bamboo makes great gifts. It is a sign of luck. It is a sign of love. Put it all together on Valentine's Day and you are \"lucky in love\". For a nice selection for Valentine's Day, other events, or just for you. [PAR] Did You Know? Bamboo leaves are poisonous. So, think twice about planting if you have young children. [PAR] More Information:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Environmental Enrichment for Marmosets | Animal Welfare ... Environmental Enrichment for Marmosets | Animal Welfare Institute [PAR] Environmental Enrichment for Marmosets [PAR] Universities Federation for Animal Welfare [PAR] The Old School, Brewhouse Hill, [PAR] Wheathampstead, Herts AL4 8AN [PAR] INTRODUCTION [PAR] Marmosets and tamarins are small (250-500 g) South American monkeys of the family Callitrichidae. They are forest living species with squirrel-like locomotion and, unlike typical monkeys, most of the digits have claws instead of nails. They live in small troops, most members of which are closely related; there is one breeding female and usually several other adult non-breeding females. There is some controversy among field workers as to whether they are monogamous or polyandrous (several males mating one female). The single breeding female has been observed, in the wild, to mate with several males in the troop, but it is not known whether matings with males other than the dominant proved fertile. [PAR] The natural food of marmosets and tamarins consists of fruits, nectar, shoots and insects, young birds and bird's eggs. The animal protein intake is high. The short tusked marmosets (Callithrix and Cebuella) feed extensively on the gum produced by some species of forest tree which they access by gouging with a scoop formed by the lower incisors and shortened canine teeth. The tamarins (Saguinus and Leontopithecus) do not gouge but may feed opportunistically on gum oozing from wounds on trees. Field studies have shown that callitrichids spend up to 60 per cent of their time actively foraging. [PAR] Unlike other monkeys, marmosets give birth to two or more young in a litter. Parental care, which includes carrying, grooming and sharing food with infants, is undertaken by all adult and adolescent members of the troop. [PAR] The potentiality for using marmosets as breeding animals for biomedical research is well recognised and there are now numerous laboratory breeding colonies. Where the marmoset is a suitable model, its small size and high reproductive capacity have proved valuable assets, and the common marmoset is the only species of monkey used in the laboratory where supply is totally independent of wild caught stock. [PAR] There are of course some disadvantages to the marmoset, it is monogamous under captive conditions, so that equal numbers of males and females have to be kept in the breeding colony. Although marmosets are rarely capable of rearing more than two young, in over 60 per cent of captive births more than two young are born; in the case of triplets, supplementary feeding or hand rearing may be used to promote the survival of all three young. While triplets are commonest, females have been known to give birth to as many as five infants. Where there are four or five in a litter, however, they are usually undersized and fail to thrive. In indoor facilities the diet must be supplemented with vitamin D3 or an ultra-violet light source be provided. [PAR] These facts will probably be familiar but they form an essential background to any discussion of environmental enrichment in marmosets. [PAR] THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT [PAR] Many mammals, and probably some of the more intelligent birds, are known to suffer if their environment is too restricted. The evidence that their behavioural needs are not being met is based on the occurrence of abnormal behaviour in the form of inactivity, apathy or stereotyped behaviours such as pacing or running around in circles.6 These symptoms are most pronounced where primates are housed singly and the emotional state of the animal can best be described as boredom. [PAR] In nature, a marmoset leads a busy and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn How To Care for House Plants | Teleflora Learn How To Care for House Plants | Teleflora [PAR] AFRICAN VIOLET plant care [PAR] A healthy African violet will bloom for nine months and then rest for three. Despite their delicate appearance, they are not difficult to care for. Keep their soil moist to dry and allow it to dry out between waterings to encourage blooming. Because water can damage their leaves, always water them from the bottom by placing the container in a tray of water. Allow the plant to absorb the water for about 30 minutes. [PAR] Place your African violet in moderate to bright, indirect light, and avoid exposing them to sudden temperature changes. Pinch off wilted blossoms and leaves to encourage blooming, and fertilize monthly or when the plant is actively growing new leaves and buds. [PAR] Shop for Blooming Plants [PAR] AGLAONEMA \"Chinese Evergreen\" plant care [PAR] Aglaonema, also known as Chinese evergreen, are very tolerant plants that do well in a range of environments. They prefer medium to low light in a warm room with slightly higher humidity, but they'll adapt to a spot that's slightly dryer and brighter (they make nice plants for the bedroom or bathroom). Allow their soil to dry out a bit between waterings (though, avoid letting it become bone dry), and gently clean off their leaves on a regular basis. [PAR] Aglaonema, also known as Chinese evergreen, are very tolerant plants that do well in a range of environments. They prefer medium to low light in a warm room with slightly higher humidity, but they'll adapt to a spot that's slightly dryer and brighter (they make nice plants for the bedroom or bathroom). Allow their soil to dry out a bit between waterings (though, avoid letting it become bone dry), and gently clean off their leaves on a regular basis. [PAR] AMARYLLIS plant care [PAR] The amaryllis is native to warmer climates. The showy funnel-shaped blossoms stand atop a single stalk stem. Occasionally the flowers' weight will require some support for the stem. A simple bamboo stake and raffia tie can support the stem and be a decorative addition to the plant. [PAR] Some amaryllis are frequently given as a gift in bulb form. Place your amaryllis in a bright, warm room at first, but when buds appear and begin to color, move it to a cooler spot to prolong blooming time. Water it moderately, keeping the soil moist but not soggy, and avoid letting it sit in water. [PAR] Once it stops flowering, continue to give your amaryllis four hours of full sunlight so allow the leaves to collect solar energy to nourish the next year's blooms. Cut off the flowers once they fade, and cut down the stems to their base when they wither. Be sure to water and care for it as long as it has leaves, then let the leaves wilt naturally (but don't remove them). Keep the dormant bulb in its pot in a cool, dry place, and then replace the top inch or two of soil and start watering it when it begins to sprout again. [PAR] ARECA PALM plant care [PAR] Areca palms are generally hardy plants and prefer medium to bright light. Keep their soil moist but not soggy. If you allow the soil to become too dry, areca palms wilt dramatically, but it's easy to revive them with just a little water (though some of their fronds may turn yellow). Trim back palm fronds that become damaged or turn brown. [PAR] AZALEA plant care [PAR] Azaleas prefer cool,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are some animals that eat meat and plants ... What are some animals that eat meat and plants? | Reference.com [PAR] What are some animals that eat meat and plants? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Animals that eat meat and plants are called omnivores, of which humans are a prime example. Some other animals that are omnivores are bears, skunks, squirrels and red foxes. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Some reptiles, fish and insects also feed on plants and animals. For instance, the opaleye fish eat both seaweed and the small organisms that live in the seaweed. Box turtles feed on flowers and berries as well as fish and frogs. Ants are opportunistic eaters, feeding on nectar and seeds when possible and other insects if the opportunity arises. [PAR] Racoons, another example of an omnivore, display characteristics of both carnivores and herbivores. They have sharp teeth for ripping flesh and flat molars for grinding up plants. Omnivores are readily adaptable animals, allowing them to live in extreme conditions. If meat is not available, omnivores can live on plants and vice versa. This is because omnivores can digest both protein and fiber, while carnivores receive no nutritional value from plant material. [PAR] Omnivores, along with carnivores, are part of the third trophic level. The first trophic level, which includes most plants, are called autotrophs because they produce their own food. The second trophic level includes herbivores, which eat autotrophs. Species in the third trophic level rely on organisms in the second trophic level for food completely or partially.[DOC] [TLE] Herbivores, Omnivores, and Carnivores - Boundless Herbivores, Omnivores, and Carnivores [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Herbivores, Omnivores, and Carnivores [PAR] Animals can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores in their eating strategies. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Differentiate among herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores [PAR] Key Points [PAR] Herbivores are those animals, such as deer and koalas, that only eat plant material. [PAR] Omnivores are those animals, such as bears and humans, that can eat a variety of food sources , but tend to prefer one type to another. [PAR] While most carnivores , such as cats, eat only meat, facultative carnivores, such as dogs, behave more like omnivores as they can eat plant matter along with meat. [PAR] Facultative carnivores can eat meat as well as plant material while obligate carnivores eat meat all the time. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Full Text [PAR] Herbivores, Omnivores, and Carnivores [PAR] Herbivores are animals whose primary food source is plant-based. Examples of herbivores include vertebrates like deer, koalas, and some bird species , as well as invertebrates such as crickets and caterpillars . These animals have evolved digestive systems capable of digesting large amounts of plant material. The plants are high in fiber and starch, which provide the main energy source in their diet. Since some parts of plant materials, such as cellulose , are hard to digest, the digestive tract of herbivores is adapted so that food may be digested properly. Many large herbivores have symbiotic bacteria within their guts to assist with the breakdown of cellulose. They have long and complex digestive tracts to allow enough space and time for microbial fermentation to occur. Herbivores"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Penguin Facts: Species & Habitat - Live Science Penguin Facts: Species & Habitat [PAR] Penguin Facts: Species & Habitat [PAR] By Alina Bradford, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] September 22, 2014 04:30pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Credit: Dr. Robert Ricker, NOAA/NOS/ORR [PAR] Penguins are torpedo-shaped, flightless birds that live in the southern regions of the Earth. Though many people imagine a small, black-and-white animal when they think of penguins, these birds actually come in a variety of sizes, and some are very colorful. [PAR] For example, crested penguins sport a crown of yellow feathers. Blushes of orange and yellow mark the necks of emperor and king penguins. What look like bright yellow, bushy eyebrows adorn the heads of some species, such as the Fiordland, royal, Snares and rockhopper penguins. The macaroni penguin's name comes from the crest of yellow feathers on its head, which looks like the 18th-century hats of the same name. A light yellow mask covers the face of the yellow-eyed penguin around the eyes. [PAR] An Ad\u00e9lie penguin on Penguin Island, which forms part of the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. [PAR] Credit: Gemma Clucas [PAR] According to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), there are 19 species of penguin. (Some experts, however, say the eastern rockhopper is a subspecies of the southern rockhopper.) [ Gallery: Photos of 18 Penguin Species ] [PAR] The smallest penguin species is the little (also called little blue) penguin. These birds grow to 10 to 12 inches (25.4 to 30.48 centimeters) tall and weigh only 2 to 3 lbs. (0.90 to 1.36 kilograms). The largest penguin is the emperor penguin. It grows to 36 to 44 inches (91.44 to 111.76 cm) tall and weighs 60 to 90 lbs (27.21 to 40.82 kg). [PAR] Where do penguins live? [PAR] Considered marine birds, penguins live up to 80 percent of their lives in the ocean, according to the New England Aquarium . All penguins live in the Southern Hemisphere, though it is a common myth that they all live in Antarctica. In fact, penguins can be found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also a myth that penguins can only live in cold climates. The Galapagos penguin, for example, lives on tropical islands at the equator. [PAR] What do penguins eat? [PAR] Penguins are carnivores; they eat only meat. Their diet includes krill (tiny crustaceans), squid and fish. Some species of penguin can make a large dent in an area's food supply. For example, the breeding population of Ad\u00e9lie penguins (about 2,370,000 pairs) can consume up to 1.5 million metric tons (1.5 billion kg) of krill, 115,000 metric tons (115 million kg) of fish and 3,500 metric tons (3.5 million kg) of squid each year, according to Sea World . [PAR] The yellow-eyed penguin is very tenacious when foraging for food. It will dive as deep as 120 meters (393.70 feet) up to 200 times a day looking for fish, according to the Yellow-Eyed Penguin Trust . [PAR] Mating & baby penguins [PAR] A group of penguins is called a colony, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. During breeding season, penguins come ashore to form huge colonies called rookeries, according to Sea World. [PAR] Most penguins are monogamous. This means that male and female pairs will mate exclusively with each other for the duration of mating season. In many cases, the male and female will continue to mate with each other for most of their lives. For example, research has found that chinstrap penguins re-paired with the same partner 82 percent of the time and gentoo penguins re-paired"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] decapod | crustacean | Britannica.com decapod | crustacean | Britannica.com [PAR] crustacean [PAR] 3-22-2013 [PAR] Alternative Title: Decapoda [PAR] Decapod, (order Decapoda), any of more than 8,000 species of crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda) that include shrimp, lobsters, crayfish , hermit crabs, and crabs. [PAR] Masked crab (Corystes cassivelanus), Belgian coast. [PAR] Hans Hillewaert [PAR] The presence of five pairs of thoracic legs (pereiopods) is the basis for the name decapod (from the Greek meaning \u201c10 legs\u201d). Members of the order exhibit great diversity in size and structure. The macrurous (shrimplike) species, which can be as small as 1 cm (0.5 inch), have elongated bodies with long abdomens, well-developed fan tails, and often long, slender legs. The brachyurous (crablike) types, which in the case of spider crabs can have spans of almost 4 metres ... (100 of 840 words) [PAR] MEDIA FOR:[DOC] [TLE] Decapoda Investigation - Tree of Life Web Project Decapoda Investigation [PAR] and [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Shellfish, a word colloquially used to describe edible marine animals, has a controversial and conflicting English lexicographic definition that varies in various English speaking countries such as Canada, United States, New Zealand, Australia and United Kingdom. Professor Andrew Pawley, at the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National University noticed this inconsistency and conducted an informal survey based on 100 individuals from Australia, North America and New Zealand to put an end to this definition disparity (Pawley, 2004). At the end of the study, Professor Pawley redefined the word shellfish with consideration to the word variances and came up with the following definition (Pawley, 2004): [PAR] Shellfish n. [PAR] Applied to a variable range of small edible invertebrates that live in water and that are eaten. (For most speakers not a category of fish.) The most common variant meanings are: [PAR] Molluscs with shells, that live in water. (Usual in NZ, common in Australia and UK, rare in USA.) [PAR] Molluscs and crustaceans. (Usual in USA, common in UK and Australia, rare in NZ, except among professionals in the food trade.) [PAR] Edible bivalves only. (Occasional in Australia and USA.) [PAR] Crustaceans only. (Occasional in Australia.) [PAR] Food consisting of these animals. [PAR] Extended by some to all members of the zoological classes listed under 1, whether eaten or not. (UK, USA, Australia, NZ.) [PAR] Contrary to the common North American description of the term shellfish, for the purpose of this investigation, we consider the order Decapoda to be strictly a non-shellfish. [PAR] Although decapods are more commonly known for their commercial purpose as seafood, there is much more to decapods than meets the stomach. This treehouse will cover a variety of information about decapods and will ultimately answer why they are one of the most unique and non-\u201cshellfish\u201d orders of marine metazoans out there. [PAR] Classification [PAR] The word Decapoda, created by the combination of the Greek words deka meaning \u2018ten\u2019 and pous meaning \u2018foot\u2019 is used to classify a variety of familiar marine animals such as shrimp, lobster, crayfish, hermit crabs and crabs (AskOxford.com, 2004). [PAR] The classification of the order Decapoda and overall the class Crustacea have always been a difficult task due to their morphological diversity and the lack of a fossil record amongst its species (Martin and Davis, 2001). Classification of Crustacea is based on a variety of methods including the use of cladistics, molecular systematics, developmental genetics, sperm morphology, larval morphology and fossil record (Martin and Davis, 2001). [PAR] The groups contained in the order Decapoda are presented as follows : [PAR] Major Groups in Decapoda (Salmon, 1983) [PAR] Natantia (shrimps and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Gut and Digestion ... Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Gut and Digestion - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Gut and Digestion [PAR] From Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] original image by vnysia cc by [PAR] Contents [PAR] After completing this section, you should know: [PAR] what is meant by the terms: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion, peristalsis and chyme [PAR] the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of a herbivorous, carnivorous and omnivorous diet [PAR] the 4 main functions of the gut [PAR] the parts of the gut in the order in which the food passes down it [PAR] The Gut And Digestion[ edit ] [PAR] Plant cells are made of organic molecules using energy from the sun. This process is called photosynthesis. Animals rely on these ready-made organic molecules to supply them with their food. Some animals (herbivores) eat plants; some (carnivores) eat the herbivores. [PAR] Herbivores[ edit ] [PAR] Herbivores eat plant material. While no animal produces the digestive enzymes to break down the large cellulose molecules in the plant cell walls, micro-organisms' like bacteria, on the other hand, can break them down. Therefore herbivores employ micro-organisms to do the job for them. [PAR] There are three types of herbivore: [PAR] The first, ruminants like cattle, sheep and goats, house these bacteria in a special compartment in the enlarged stomach called the rumen. [PAR] The second group has an enlarged large intestine and caecum, called a functional caecum, occupied by cellulose digesting micro-organisms. These non-ruminant herbivores include the horse, rabbit and rat. [PAR] Humans also have a cecum and can be classified as the third type of herbivorous class, along with orangutans and gorillas. [PAR] Plants are a primary pure and good source of nutrients, however they are digested very easily and therefore herbivores have to eat large quantities of food to obtain all they require. Herbivores like cows, horses and rabbits typically spend much of their day feeding. To give the micro-organisms access to the cellulose molecules, the plant cell walls need to be broken down. This is why herbivores have teeth that are adapted to crush and grind. Their guts also tend to be lengthy and the food takes a long time to pass through it. [PAR] Eating plants have other advantages. Plants are immobile so herbivores normally have to spend little energy collecting them. This contrasts with another main group of animals - the carnivores that often have to chase their prey. [PAR] Carnivores[ edit ] [PAR] Carnivorous animals like those in the cat and dog families, polar bears, seals, crocodiles and birds of prey catch and eat other animals. They often have to use large amounts of energy finding, stalking, catching and killing their prey. However, they are rewarded by the fact that meat provides a very concentrated source of nutrients. Carnivores in the wild therefore tend to eat distinct meals often with long and irregular intervals between them. Time after feeding is spent digesting and absorbing the food. [PAR] The guts of carnivores are usually shorter and less complex than those of herbivores because meat is easier to digest than plant material. Carnivores usually have teeth that are specialised for dealing with flesh, gristle and bone. They have sleek bodies, strong, sharp claws and keen senses of smell, hearing and sight. They are also often cunning, alert and have an aggressive nature. [PAR] Omnivores[ edit ] [PAR] Many animals feed on both animal and vegetable material \u2013 they are omnivorous. Most primates are herbivorous but a few,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Bird Can Fly Backwards? - It May Suprise You What Bird Can Fly Backwards? - It May Suprise You [PAR] About The Weasel [PAR] What Bird Can Fly Backwards? [PAR] Most living things we see on a daily basis (including other people) have the ability to both move forward and backwards. Do our airborne bird counterparts get to experience the same luxury? [PAR] As it turns out, 99% of all birds lack the ability to fly backwards. This inability is mostly a function of a bird\u2019s wings. Most birds have a wing structure that includes extra strong muscles that pull their wings downward. These same birds usually have much weaker muscles designed to pull their wings back up as they rely on wind resistance to do most of the work. While some birds may give the visual perception of flying backwards, most still lack the ability to do so without assistance from wind. Ospreys, kestrels, kingfishers, and cuckoo are often mistaken for a bird species that are magically flying backwards in this manner. Some birds can move backward slightly using a fluttering method. This is common among herons , egrets , warblers , and flycatchers . [PAR] There exists only one species of bird that can reliably fly both forward and backward with precision without relying on the assistance of wind. In fact, this bird species can fly side to side, hover, and mostly move what can best be described as a \u201cflying ninja.\u201d We are referring to the Hummingbird: the most nimble and tactical species of all birds. [PAR] How Does the Hummingbird Fly Backwards [PAR] The hummingbird has a unique muscle and wing structure that gives them a level of flight control that other birds envy (or at least we do). You can think of a hummingbird as a miniature helicopter. Like a helicopter, the hummingbird can hover, fly right to left, left to right, diagonal, forwards, and yes, even backwards. The hummingbird has the ability to rotate its wings in circles making a figure eight. Based on the configuration of the figure eight as shown below, the hummingbird can change directions at will. So not only does the hummingbird fly backwards, it does so with great speed and grace. In fact, they fly at a speed of up to 30 mph! If you ever observe one, you will without a doubt notice their quickness. You may also notice that their wings move so quickly that they are just a blur. This blurred effect is a result of their wings flapping between 15 t0 100 times per second to maintain the kind of agility to allow them to fly backwards. [PAR] Birds that Fly Backwards: Interesting Facts [PAR] The heart rate of a hummingbird can reach over 1,000 beats a minute. [PAR] The fast-paced wing flapping creates a humming noise, which gives them their name. [PAR] 1/3rd of a hummingbirds total weight comes from the muscles it uses to fly. [PAR] Hummingbirds are constantly eating in order to fuel their flight agility; they have the highest metabolisms of all birds. [PAR] In one day, a hummingbird will eat twice its body weight to survive. [PAR] Luckily for the hummingbird, they expend the same amount of energy moving forward as they do moving backwards!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Cell, Respiration and Photosynthesis The Cell, Respiration and Photosynthesis [PAR] A Primer on Photosynthesis and the Functioning of Cells [PAR] [PAR] Photosynthesis [PAR] Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules (e.g., sugars). Photosynthesis powers almost all trophic chains and food webs on the Earth. [PAR] The net process of photosynthesis is described by the following equation: [PAR] 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 [PAR] This equation simply means that carbon dioxide from the air and water combine in the presence of sunlight to form sugars; oxygen is released as a by-product of this reaction. [PAR] [PAR] PGA is a phosphoglyceric acid, a three carbon (C-C-C) organic acid. [PAR] Grana are the stacked membranes that contain chlorophyll. [PAR] RuBP is the five carbon (C-C-C-C-C) sugar-phosphate. [PAR] Rubisco is the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. It is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 to the organic acid, PGA. It is the most abundant enzyme on Earth. [PAR] During the process of photosynthesis, light penetrates the cell and passes into the chloroplast. The light energy is intercepted by chlorophyll molecules on the granal stacks. Some of the light energy is converted to chemical energy. During this process, a phosphate is added to a molecule to cause the formation of ATP. The third phosphate chemical bond contains the new chemical energy. The ATP then provides energy to some of the other photosynthetic reactions that are causing the conversion of CO2 into sugars. [PAR] While the above reactions are proceeding CO2 is diffusing into the chloroplast. In the presence of the enzyme Rubisco, one molecule of CO2 is combined with one molecule of RuBP, and the first product of this reaction is two molecules of PGA. [PAR] The PGA then participates in a cycle of reactions that result in the production of the sugars and in the regeneration of RuBP. The RuBP is then available to accept another molecule of CO2 and to make more PGA. [PAR] Which wavelengths of the solar spectrum drive photosynthesis? [PAR] [PAR] The wavelengths of sunlight between 400nm and 700nm are the wavelengths that are absorbed by chlorophyll and that drive photosynthesis. [PAR] Energy Incident on a Leaf [PAR] Photosynthesis is not a very efficient process. Of the sunlight reaching the surface of a leaf, approximately: [PAR] [PAR] Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis, and is described by the equation: [PAR] C6H12O6+6O2 ----------> 6CO2+6H2O+36ATP [PAR] Simply stated, this equation means that oxygen combines with sugars to break molecular bonds, releasing the energy (in the form of ATP) contained in those bonds. In addition to the energy released, the products of the reaction are carbon dioxide and water. [PAR] In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration begins with the products of glycolysis being transported into the mitochondria. A series of metabolic pathways (the Krebs cycle and others) in the mitochondria result in the further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ATP. CO2 and H2O are end products of these reactions. The theoretical maximum yield of cellular respiration is 36 ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized. [PAR] ** Note that photosynthesis is a reduction-oxidation reaction, just like respiration (see the primer on redox reactions from the lecture on Microbes). In respiration energy is released from sugars when electrons associated with hydrogen are transported to oxygen (the electron acceptor), and water is formed as a byproduct. The mitochondria use the energy released in this oxidation in order to synthesize ATP. In photosynthesis, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Protective Layer | Peace and Healing The Protective Layer \u2013 Peace and Healing [PAR] A Perspective of Traditional and Non-Traditional Methods of Healing [PAR] The Protective Layer [PAR] November 12, 2011 by Dan Williams, Psy.D.,P.A.-C. | 0 comments [PAR] Our skin, the largest organ of our body. It protects us from the elements as well as helping with our body temperature. If one has ever cut down a tree you have noticed the protective layer of the bark. Also an insulator as well as a protector of nutrients that flow up the trunk. Damage the bark significantly and you see a scar for the rest of the tree\u2019s life. Even our brain has a protective outer layer called dura mater, \u201ctough mother.\u201d The protection of many animals, trees, plants and even insects have protective outer layers to escape predators as well as protection from the elements. What about our emotions, our soul, our spirit? What is the protective layer of our emotions? Is it any wonder that paramedics, police officers, and those in active combat become calloused or to the contrary do not, and suffer PTSD, post traumatic stress disorder. It IS our very perception of self, combined with experience and our success, as well as failure that protects our soul our living spirit. When met with repetitious life trauma, emotional devastation repeatedly we may weaken, however this is also the process that develops character. [PAR] The outer layer that protects our spirit, our soul, our emotional demeanor is our perception of life and how we chose to handle it. Nothing more, nothing less. Why the surge on self help books, the quest for the \u201cright\u201d religion, the need to question our belief versus listening to a loved one try and convince us to accept a certain religious paradigm. When pushed to the limit of stress. When we feel we are ready to break. When the emotion upheaval is so heavy upon our ability to cope, we may rely on others to converse. When we hang up the phone, leave the therapy session or begin to walk our walk of life\u2026.in the end it is always \u201cYOU\u201d that goes to bed at night when the covers are tucked up under your chin. Recognize the protective layer is your perception, your attitude, your belief. It is the make or break in terms of happiness and success when dealing with stress and life trauma. If one has a shattered or weak perception of self, it takes minimal understanding to see one shaken, one rattled and disoriented on which path to take. [PAR] We sometimes over compensate and build a very calloused layer to protect the wounded soul. The emotional bark becomes thicker and at times impenetrable. It is up to us to soften the outer layer with time, personal growth and trusting others. Yes, it takes time. Sometimes, like the tree hit by lightning, the scar remains and rears it\u2019s ugly head in the form of anger, tears, or condescending behavior. Sarcasm, the wonderful defense to softness. It is humorous, but when used frequently is a defense mechanism to avoid. The avoidance of closeness. I know few people that would want to hug a hawthorn tree with it\u2019s wooden barbs emitting out from the trunk as if it were a Medieval weapon. Humans can grow these thorns as well as remove them. We have the opportunity to become guarded and protective. We also have the ability to let the guard down and become soft and giving. The balance. Ah, the balance. Humans must learn and understand their own protective"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why do plants need water ? - UCSB Science Line ... UCSB Science Line [PAR] UCSB Science Line [PAR] Why do plants need water? [PAR] Answer 1: [PAR] All living things need water to stay alive, and plants are living things! Plants, however, need much more water than many living things because plants use much more water than most animals. Plants also contain more water than animals - plants are about 90% water. The amount of water a plant needs depends on the type of plant, how much light the plant gets, and how old the plant is. When plants are not watered properly they wilt. This is because of something called turgor, which is water pressure inside the cells that make up the plant's skeleton. Water enters a plant through its stem and travels up to its leaves. When a plant is properly hydrated, there is enough water pressure to make the leaves strong and sturdy; when a plant doesn't get enough water, the pressure inside the stems and leaves drops and they wilt. [PAR] Plants also need water for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is what plants do to create their food, and water is critical to this process. Water enters a plant's stem and travels up to its leaves, which is where photosynthesis actually takes place. Once in the leaves water evaporates, as the plant exchanges water for carbon dioxide. This process is called transpiration, and it happens through tiny openings in the plant's leaves, called stomata. The water from the leaves evaporates through the stomata, and carbon dioxide enters the stomata, taking the water's place. Plants need this carbon dioxide to make food. Transpiration - this exchange of water for carbon dioxide - only occurs during the day when there is sunlight. This is why you might find dew on plants in the morning. The plants contain a lot of water because all night long water has been entering through the stem and being pulled into the leaves where it can't evaporate. Since the water doesn't evaporate at night, the water has no where to go so it remains on the leaves as dew. [PAR] When water evaporates from a plant during transpiration it cools the plant, in the same way the humans sweat to cool off in the heat. A mature house plant can transpire its body weight daily. This means it gives off a lot of water! If people needed that much water, an adult would drink 20 gallons of water a day. [PAR] Answer 2: [PAR] Actually, all living things need water because life requires a LOT of chemical reactions. The chemicals are usually dissolved in water. Also, plants put the water together with carbon dioxide to make sugar. This takes energy, which plants get from light. Water also helps plants stand up tall, even when they aren\u2019t made of wood. They don\u2019t have bones, but they do have cell walls and water pressure. Water comes up from the roots, but carbon dioxide doesn\u2019t. How do you think plants get carbon dioxide? [PAR] Thanks for asking, [PAR] Answer 3: [PAR] The plants need water because the reactions that take place in the cell to make energy require a watery medium. [PAR] Answer 4: [PAR] Plants need water for the same reason that all living things do: to dissolve the chemicals they use to do their biology. Plants also use a water current up the plant for transport, which evaporates water out the leaves, so they need water for that reason, too. Lastly, water is used to make sugar, and plants store energy in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bats | Basic Facts About Bats | Defenders of Wildlife Bats | Basic Facts About Bats | Defenders of Wildlife [PAR] Bats [PAR] Basic Facts About Bats [PAR] Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight. With extremely elongated fingers and a wing membrane stretched between, the bat\u2019s wing anatomically resembles the human hand. Almost 1,000 bat species can be found worldwide. In fact, bats make up a quarter of all mammal species on earth! [PAR] Diet [PAR] 70% of bats consume insects, sharing a large part of natural pest control. There are also fruit-eating bats; nectar-eating bats; carnivorous bats that prey on small mammals, birds, lizards and frogs; fish-eating bats, and perhaps most famously, the blood-sucking vampire bats of South America. [PAR] Population [PAR] While some bat populations number in the millions, others are dangerously low or in decline. [PAR] Range [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] A single little brown bat can eat up to 1000 mosquitoes in a single hour, and is one of the world's longest-lived mammals for its size, with life spans of almost 40 years. [PAR] Bats can be found almost anywhere in the world except the polar regions and extreme deserts. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] Echolocation [PAR] Some bats have evolved a highly sophisticated sense of hearing. They emit sounds that bounce off of objects in their path, sending echoes back to the bats. From these echoes, the bats can determine the size of objects, how far away they are, how fast they are traveling and even their texture, all in a split second [PAR] Bats find shelter in caves, crevices, tree cavities and buildings. Some species are solitary while others form colonies of more than a million individuals. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Giant flying foxes that live in Indonesia have wingspans of nearly six feet! [PAR] Overwintering [PAR] To survive the winter some species of bat migrate, others hibernate, and yet others go into torpor (regulated hypothermia that can last from a few hours to a few months). [PAR] Reproduction [PAR] Gestation: 40 days - 6 months (bigger bats have longer gestation periods) [PAR] Litter Size: Mostly one pup [PAR] For their size, bats are the slowest reproducing mammals on Earth. At birth, a pup weighs up to 25 percent of its mother\u2019s body weight, which is like a human mother giving birth to a 31 pound baby! Offspring typically are cared for in maternity colonies, where females congregate to bear and raise the young. Male bats do not help to raise the pups[DOC] [TLE] Bat Babies - KidZone Bats KidZone Bats [PAR] [Animal Facts] [Bats Index] [Bat Facts] [Bat Photos] [Bat Worksheets] [Children's Books] [PAR] Bat Babies [PAR] During spring, bats return from migration or awaken from hibernation and the females begin having baby bats called \"pups\". [PAR] Bat pups are tiny when born, but grow up fast. Some species are flying and hunting on their own within a month of birth. [PAR] Bats, like people, usually only have one baby at a time although on occasion they'll have twins. [PAR] Pups are born without hair -- they look tiny, scrawny and pink. They drink milk from their mothers like all mammals do. They are born with strong legs and claws because they have to hang on to mom when she's roosting and to the cave when she's not there. If the baby looses its grip and falls, it will die."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Larval forms | Article about Larval forms by The Free ... Larval forms | Article about Larval forms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Larval forms | Article about Larval forms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Larval+forms [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] larva, [PAR] independent, immature animal that undergoes a profound change, or metamorphosis, to assume the typical adult form. Larvae occur in almost all of the animal phyla; because most are tiny or microscopic, they are rarely seen. They play diverse roles in the lives of animals. Motile larvae help to disseminate sessile, or sedentary, animals such as sponges sponge, [PAR] common name for members of the aquatic animal phylum Porifera, and for the dried, processed skeletons of certain species used to hold water. Over 4,500 living species are known; they are found throughout the world, especially in shallow temperate waters. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , oysters oyster, [PAR] bivalve mollusk found in beds in shallow, warm waters of all oceans. The shell is made up of two valves, the upper one flat and the lower convex, with variable outlines and a rough outer surface. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , barnacles barnacle, [PAR] common name of the sedentary crustacean animals constituting the infraclass Cirripedia. Barnacles are exclusively marine and are quite unlike any other crustacean because of the permanently attached, or sessile, mode of existence for which they are highly modified. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , or scale insects. Larvae of parasites may be dispersed by penetrating the skin of new hosts; other parasite larvae live in intermediate hosts that are normally eaten by the final host, in which the adult parasites develop. The larvae of other parasites live in and are dispersed by intermediate hosts such as mosquitoes mosquito [PAR] , small, long-legged insect of the order Diptera, the true flies. The females of most species have piercing and sucking mouth parts and apparently they must feed at least once upon mammalian blood before their eggs can develop properly. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , gnats gnat, [PAR] common name for any one of a number of small, fragile-looking two-winged flies of the suborder Nematocera, order Diptera, which includes the families Tipulidae (crane flies), Bibionidae (hairflies), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), Chironomidae (true midges), Cecidomyidae [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , or leeches leech, [PAR] predacious or parasitic annelid worm of the class Hirudinea, characterized by a cylindrical or slightly flattened body with suckers at either end for attaching to prey. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ; when the blood meals are taken from the final host, the parasite larvae are introduced into the blood or skin. Parasitic infections can often be reduced by eliminating the larval hosts. [PAR] Vertebrate Larvae [PAR] Among vertebrates vertebrate, [PAR] any animal having a backbone or spinal column. Verbrates can be traced back to the Silurian period. In the adults of nearly all forms the backbone consists of a series of vertebrae. All vertebrates belong to the subphylum Vertebrata of the phylum Chordata. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. a number of fishes fish, [PAR] limbless aquatic vertebrate animal with fins and internal gills. Traditionally the living fish have been divided into three class: the primitive jawless fishes, or Agnatha; the cartilaginous (sharklike) fishes, or Chondrichthyes; and the bony fishes, or Osteichthyes. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. pass through larval stages; the larva of the eel eel, [PAR] common"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tweet of the Day - BBC /programmes/b04t0vqb [PAR] Mauritius Kestrel [PAR] Michael Palin presents the Mauritius kestrel from the island of Mauritius. Today the calls of several hundred Mauritius kestrels ring out across the forests and farmland of the island, so it's hard to believe that as recently as the early 1970s, only four birds could be found in the wild. These smart chestnut falcons were almost wiped out by a cocktail of threats ...destruction of their evergreen forests, pesticides and the introduction of predators such as monkeys, mongooses, rats and cats. When a species is so critically endangered there aren't many options, and conservationists decided that their only choice was to take some of the wild Mauritius kestrels into captivity. By 1993, 300 Mauritius kestrels had been released and by November of that year there were as many as 65 breeding pairs in the wild. Now the kestrels are back, hovering above the landscapes that nearly lost them forever. [PAR] Michael Palin presents the Mauritius kestrel, from the island of Mauritius. [PAR] Michael Palin presents the Mauritius kestrel from the island of Mauritius. Today the calls of several hundred Mauritius kestrels ring out across the forests and farmland of the island, so it's hard to believe that as recently as the early 1970s, only four birds could be found in the wild. These smart chestnut falcons were almost wiped out by a cocktail of threats ...destruction of their evergreen forests, pesticides and the introduction of predators such as monkeys, mongooses, rats and cats. When a species is so critically endangered there aren't many options, and conservationists decided that their only choice was to take some of the wild Mauritius kestrels into captivity. By 1993, 300 Mauritius kestrels had been released and by November of that year there were as many as 65 breeding pairs in the wild. Now the kestrels are back, hovering above the landscapes that nearly lost them forever. [PAR] Thu, 12 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 [PAR] 102 [PAR] /programmes/b04t0vp4 [PAR] Ostrich [PAR] Michael Palin presents the avian record breaking ostrich in the Kalahari Desert. Ostriches are ornithological record-breakers. The black and white adult male ostrich is taller and heavier than any other living bird, reaching almost 3 metres in height and weighing a whopping 150 kilograms. Females are smaller but lay the largest eggs of any bird. The ostrich's eye measures 5cm in diameter and is the largest of any land vertebrate. Ostriches live in the wide open landscapes of central, eastern and South-West Africa. As well as being tall and observant, Ostriches also minimise their chances of being predated on, by living in groups and sharing lookout duties, or staying close to sharp-eyed antelope and zebra herds. They can also use their powerful legs to try and outrun a predator, reaching speeds of up to 70 kilometres per hour which makes them the fastest avian runner. [PAR] Michael Palin presents the ostrich, an avian record-breaker, in the Kalahari Desert. [PAR] Michael Palin presents the avian record breaking ostrich in the Kalahari Desert. Ostriches are ornithological record-breakers. The black and white adult male ostrich is taller and heavier than any other living bird, reaching almost 3 metres in height and weighing a whopping 150 kilograms. Females are smaller but lay the largest eggs of any bird. The ostrich's eye measures 5cm in diameter and is the largest of any land vertebrate. Ostriches live in the wide open landscapes of central, eastern and South-West Africa. As well as being tall and observant, Ostriches also minimise their chances of being predated on, by living in groups"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fungi kingdom - definition of Fungi kingdom by The Free ... Fungi kingdom - definition of Fungi kingdom by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Fungi kingdom - definition of Fungi kingdom by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Fungi+kingdom [PAR] Related to Fungi kingdom: Protista kingdom [PAR] fun\u00b7gus [PAR] (f\u016dng\u2032g\u0259s) [PAR] n. pl. fun\u00b7gi (f\u016dn\u2032j\u012b, f\u016dng\u2032g\u012b) or fun\u00b7gus\u00b7es [PAR] Any of numerous spore-producing eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which lack chlorophyll and vascular tissue and range in form from a single cell to a mass of branched filamentous hyphae that often produce specialized fruiting bodies. The kingdom includes the yeasts, smuts, rusts, mushrooms, and many molds, excluding the slime molds and the water molds. [PAR] [Latin; perhaps akin to Greek spongos, sphongos, sponge.] [PAR] fungus [PAR] (\u02c8f\u028c\u014b\u0261\u0259s) [PAR] n, pl fungi (\u02c8f\u028c\u014b\u0261a\u026a; \u02c8f\u028cnd\u0292a\u026a; \u02c8f\u028cnd\u0292\u026a) or funguses [PAR] 1. (Plants) any member of a kingdom of organisms (Fungi) that lack chlorophyll, leaves, true stems, and roots, reproduce by spores, and live as saprotrophs or parasites. The group includes moulds, mildews, rusts, yeasts, and mushrooms [PAR] 2. something resembling a fungus, esp in suddenly growing and spreading rapidly [PAR] 3. (Pathology) pathol any soft tumorous growth [PAR] [C16: from Latin: mushroom, fungus; probably related to Greek spongos sponge] [PAR] fungic adj [PAR] n., pl. fun\u2022gi (\u02c8f\u028cn d\u0292a\u026a, \u02c8f\u028c\u014b ga\u026a) [PAR] fun\u2022gus\u2022es. [PAR] any member of the kingdom Fungi (or division Thallophyta of the kingdom Plantae), comprising single-celled or multinucleate organisms that live by decomposing and absorbing the organic material in which they grow: includes the mushrooms, molds, mildews, smuts, rusts, and yeasts. [PAR] [1520\u201330; < Latin: fungus; sponge ] [PAR] fun\u2022gic (\u02c8f\u028cn d\u0292\u026ak) adj. [PAR] fun\u00b7gus [PAR] (f\u016dng\u2032g\u0259s) [PAR] Plural fungi (f\u016dn\u2032j\u012b, f\u016dng\u2032g\u012b) [PAR] Any of a wide variety of organisms that reproduce by spores, including the mushrooms, molds, yeasts, and mildews. The spores of most fungi grow a network of slender tubes called hyphae that spread into and feed off of living organisms or dead organic matter. The hyphae also produce reproductive structures, such as mushrooms and other growths. Fungi are grouped as a separate kingdom in taxonomy. See Table at taxonomy . [PAR] fungal adjective [PAR] Did You Know? There's a fungus among us, as they say. And it's true\u2014they are everywhere. You have no doubt eaten mushrooms, which are fungi. And you have eaten bread, made with yeast, another fungus. Old bread may grow mold, still another fungus. Athlete's foot and a variety of other infections are caused by fungi, but, on the good side, a fungus also produces the medicine penicillin. About 100,000 different species of fungi exist. When you see a light-colored splat on a tree or rock in the woods, it is probably a lichen, which is a fungus and an alga living in a symbiotic relationship, benefiting each other. Fungi are neither plants nor animals; they are different enough to be classified by scientists into their own unique kingdom. [PAR] fungus [PAR] (pl. fungi) A member of the kingdom Fungi, a group of nonmotile saprophytes and parasites. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] fungus - an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia [PAR] organism , being - a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently [PAR] immune reaction , immune response , immunologic response - a bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen [PAR] pileus , cap - a fruiting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Fish Gills Work - Today I Found Out How Fish Gills Work [PAR] How Fish Gills Work [PAR] Today I found out how fish gills work. [PAR] These fantastic little organs allow the fish to absorb oxygen from the water and use it for energy. Functionally, gills are not that dissimilar to the lungs in humans and other mammals. The main difference is how they are able to absorb much smaller concentrations of available oxygen, while allowing the fish to maintain an appropriate level of Sodium Chloride (salt) in their bloodstream. [PAR] Gills work on the same principle as lungs. In the lungs, there are small sacs called alveoli that are approximately 70% capillaries. These capillaries carry deoxygenated blood from the body. As oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveoli\u2019s membrane, the capillaries take the newly oxygenated blood back to the body. Similarly, gills have small rows and columns of specialized cells grouped together called the epithelium. Deoxygenated blood in the fish is supplied directly from the heart to the epithelium via arteries, and even yet smaller arterioles. As seawater is forced across the epithelium membranes, dissolved oxygen in the seawater is taken up by tiny blood vessels and veins, while the carbon dioxide is exchanged. [PAR] Gills themselves have a car radiator-like appearance. Most fish have 4 gills on each side, consisting of a main bar-like structure that has numerous branches as that of a tree, and those branches consisting of even smaller branch-like structures. This arrangement of cells allows for a very large surface area when the gills are immersed in water. [PAR] Functionally, the mechanism for pumping water over the radiator-like gills seems to vary depending on the species of fish. In general, this is achieved by the fish lowering the floor of the mouth and widening the outer skin flap that protects the gills, called the operculum. This increase in volume lowers the pressure within the mouth causing the water to rush in. As the fish raises the floor of their mouth, an inward fold of skin forms a valve of sorts which doesn\u2019t allow water to rush out. The pressure is then increased compared to the outside of the mouth and the water is forced through the operculum opening and across the gills. [PAR] Gills themselves need a very large surface area to provide the fish with the necessary oxygen demands. Air is approximately 21% oxygen or about 210,000 parts per million. Water, on the other hand, only has about 4-8 parts per million of dissolved oxygen that the gills can extract. Because of this, if the fish did not have a large gill surface area to absorb as much oxygen as it can for it\u2019s size, it would quickly suffocate. Cold blooded animals also tend to have a lower metabolism than their warm blooded counterparts. This aids them in their ability to handle environments of low available oxygen. Should the same size fish be warm blooded, the metabolism of the little swimmer would be increased to the point that the available oxygen would not be sufficient and little Nemo would perish. [PAR] While the large gill surface area allows for sufficient exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen, it at the same time exposes the same large blood volume to the hypertonic (that is, saltier than thou) sea water, creating a situation in which fish must have a backup mechanism for expelling excess sodium that has been incidentally absorbed. Conversely, freshwater fish need to have an opposite mechanism allowing them to excrete excess water to keep their sodium levels appropriately high."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a nautilus? - NOAA's National Ocean Service What is a nautilus? [PAR] Home Ocean Facts What is a nautilus? [PAR] What is a nautilus? [PAR] The nautilus is a mollusk that uses jet propulsion to roam the ocean deep. [PAR] Writers, artists, and engineers have long marveled at the nautilus\u2019s beauty and swimming abilities. [PAR] The chambered or pearly nautilus is a cephalopod (a type of mollusk)\u2014a distant cousin to squids, octopi, and cuttlefish. Unlike its color-changing cousins, though, the soft-bodied nautilus lives inside its hard external shell. The shell itself has many closed interior chambers or \u201ccompartments.\u201d [PAR] The animal resides in the shell\u2019s largest chamber, while the other chambers function like the ballast tanks of a submarine. This is the secret to how the nautilus swims. [PAR] The tissue in a canal called the siphuncle [sigh-funk-el] connects all of the interior chambers. As seawater pumps through the living chamber, the nautilus expels water by pulling its body into the chamber, thereby creating jet propulsion to thrust itself backwards and to make turns. While swimming up or down through the water column, the nautilus uses its siphuncle to suck fluid into, or draw it out of, the smaller sealed chambers, allowing the animal to adjust its overall buoyancy. [PAR] According to fossil records, animals similar to the chambered nautilus have existed for about 500 million years. Although no regulations currently exist to protect them, the six living species of chambered nautilus appear to be in decline. They are trapped mostly for their attractive shells and also for the shell\u2019s inner layer, called nacre, which is used as a pearl substitute in jewelry and trinkets. In 2013, NOAA Fisheries funded a University of Washington researcher to conduct population studies of the nautilus in Fiji and American Samoa. The research should provide a clearer picture of nautilus abundance in those areas. [PAR] Search Our Facts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aquatic Plants and Lakes - ECY WA DOE Aquatic Plants and Lakes [PAR] Ecology home > Water Quality > Aquatic Plants, Algae & Lakes > Native Freshwater Plants - Aquatic Plants and Lakes [PAR] Native Freshwater Plants [PAR] Aquatic Plants and Lakes [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Plants growing in our lakes, ponds, and streams are called macrophytes. These aquatic plants appear in many shapes and sizes. Some have leaves that float on the water surface,while others grow completely underwater. In moderation, aquatic plants are aesthetically pleasing and desirable environmentally. Their presence is natural and normal in lakes, and in fact they are an important link in a lake's life system. In large quantities, plants can interfere with some water uses and may be seen as a problem. [PAR] When lake users are confronted with too many plants in the wrong places, a common reaction is to remove the entire problem. Such hasty decisions are often made with little regard for the important role plants play in the water environment. Neglecting to see these interrelations often results in unintended impacts to wildlife, fish, and other forms of life. Unfortunately, the information required to make environmentally sound decisions is not always easily available. Without this information, how can anyone know what is best over the long term to do about aquatic plants? [PAR] The purpose of this information is to provide some general but pertinent information and insights regarding aquatic plants: (1) how they came to be where they are, (2) what beneficial contributions that they make to life in the lake, (3) how our activities can affect them, and (4) some things to consider if plant removal is planned. [PAR] Acknowledgments: [PAR] This information was taken from a brochure called About Aquatic Plants written by the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle's (METRO) Water Resource Section (now King County). [PAR] Life History of a Lake [PAR] A question frequently raised regarding aquatic plants is why some lakes have them in abundance and others do not. An answer to this question lies in the explanation of the lake's aging cycle. [PAR] Most of our local lakes came into being as a result of activity of glaciers in the most recent ice age, approximately 10,000 years ago. A lake bed is a natural depression or low spot in the terrain. In the Puget Sound lowlands they were often gouged out by movement of glacial ice. These depressions then became holding basins for water of the drainage area as it flowed toward sea level. As a lake detains water on its way downstream, it also becomes a settling pond for sediment. Part of the sediment that settles in lakes is carried in by the flow of streams or other runoff, and part comes from the accumulation of the remains of organisms in the water and near the shoreline. Aquatic life includes visible plants and animals and also multitudes of microscopic plants and animals that can, over time, add significantly to the accumulation of sediment in the lake by dying and settling to the bottom. The microscopic plants in the water are nourished by plant nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) that originate in the watershed and are washed into the lake. Within the lake, a portion of these nutrients can be recycled indefinitely, while more continue to be washed in from the lake basin. Over time sediment accumulates in the lake as productivity gradually increases. [PAR] When first formed, many of the lake beds were deep and clean (mostly free of sediment). Sediments that were first deposited were silty and had little organic material because there was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ANIMAL KINGDOM :: MARSUPIAL MAMMALS :: EXAMPLES OF ... ANIMAL KINGDOM :: MARSUPIAL MAMMALS :: EXAMPLES OF MARSUPIALS image - Visual Dictionary Online [PAR] Visual Dictionary Online [PAR] next [PAR] Tasmanian devil [PAR] Carnivorous scavenging nocturnal marsupial with powerful jaws that allow it to devour its prey whole (flesh, bones, fur, feathers). [PAR] opossum [PAR] Omnivorous nocturnal marsupial of the Americas and Australia without a pouch; its fur is highly prized. [PAR] wallaby [PAR] Marsupial closely related to the kangaroo and living in Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea; certain species are prized for their fur. [PAR] morphology of a kangaroo [PAR] koala [PAR] Tailless nocturnal marsupial of Australia; this solitary tree-dweller lives in eucalyptus forests and feeds on the tree&#8217s leaves. [PAR] kangaroo [PAR] Herbivorous marsupial with a highly developed tail; it lives in groups in Australia and Tasmania and moves rapidly by leaping.[DOC] [TLE] Mammals of Australia - Araucaria Ecotours Mammals of Australia [PAR] Australian Aboriginals had been accustomed to them for millennia, [PAR] but early white explorers were amazed by what they found in Australia, [PAR] and even today we are uncovering more and more remarkable facts about our mammals [PAR] What is so odd about Australian mammals? [PAR] Australia is the only continent (and one of the only two countries - the other being New [PAR] Guinea) in the world to still have all three of the major groups of mammals : monotremes, marsupials and placentals [PAR] Half of Australia's mammal species are marsupials (South America has a few dozen species - all in the opossum family - and a couple of species have found their way into North America, but Australia is the only continent to have such a diverse range or to have marsupials as their most common and conspicuous land mammals) [PAR] It is the only country in the world to have platypus, kangaroos (although New Guinea and some neighbouring islands do have wallabies), koalas, wombats, marsupial \"moles\" and numbats [PAR] It is the only continent other than Antarctica to not have native hoofed animals, or terrestrial native Carnivora (dogs, bears, cats, weasels etc., but we do have seals and sea lions) - the dingo appears to have arrived from Southeast Asia only about 4,000 years ago, probably with Indonesian traders. It is also the only continent to have rainforests but no monkeys [PAR] Not only do we have mobs of great, two-legged hopping herbivores taking the place of deer and cattle, but we have a strange little furry creature that swims, lays eggs, give milk to its young, has a venomous spur, and uses electricity to find its prey, also small predators that revel in mating encounters only to have all males die of stress-related conditions within three weeks, a spiny but furry animal that develops a pouch shortly before laying an egg .... and much more [PAR] The world's three great groups of mammals: monotremes, marsupials and placentals are all found in Australia [PAR] Monotremes - egg-laying mammals (nowadays found only in Australia and New Guinea) [PAR] Marsupials - babies born in embryonic condition and kept firmly attached to a teat in a pouch or nestled behind a protective skin-flap while developing further [PAR] Placentals - unborn young are nourished by a placenta (just to confuse things, some marsupials also have a placenta) and born at a more advanced stage, some still naked, blind and unable to walk for a week or two, others able to run on their day of birth [PAR] The short answer is a vertebrate that gives milk to its young. [PAR] A more detailed response"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jaw - definition of jaw by The Free Dictionary Jaw - definition of jaw by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Jaw - definition of jaw by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/jaw [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. [PAR] a. Either of two bony or cartilaginous structures that in most vertebrates form the framework of the mouth and hold the teeth. [PAR] b. The mandible or maxilla or the part of the face covering these bones. [PAR] c. Any of various structures of invertebrates that have an analogous function to vertebrate jaws. [PAR] 2. Either of two opposed hinged parts in a mechanical device. [PAR] 3. jaws The walls of a pass, canyon, or cavern. [PAR] 4. jaws A dangerous situation or confrontation: the jaws of death. [PAR] 5. Slang [PAR] a. Impudent argument or back talk: Don't give me any jaw. [PAR] b. A conversation or chat. [PAR] intr.v. jawed, jaw\u00b7ing, jaws Slang [PAR] 1. To talk vociferously; jabber. [PAR] 2. To talk; converse. [PAR] [Middle English jawe, jowe, perhaps from Old French joue, cheek.] [PAR] jaw\u2032less adj. [PAR] (d\u0292\u0254\u02d0) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Zoology) the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth. In higher vertebrates it consists of the upper jaw (maxilla) fused to the cranium and the lower jaw (mandible). [PAR] 2. (Zoology) the corresponding part of an invertebrate, esp an insect [PAR] 3. (Mechanical Engineering) a pair or either of a pair of hinged or sliding components of a machine or tool designed to grip an object [PAR] 4. slang [PAR] c. moralizing talk; a lecture [PAR] vb [PAR] a. to talk idly; chat; gossip [PAR] b. to lecture [PAR] [C14: probably from Old French joue cheek; related to Italian gota cheek] [PAR] \u02c8jaw\u02cclike adj [PAR] (d\u0292\u0254) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. either of two tooth-bearing bones or bony structures, the mandible or maxilla, forming the framework of the vertebrate mouth. [PAR] 2. the part of the face covering these bones. [PAR] 3. jaws, anything resembling a pair of jaws in shape or in power to grasp or hold. [PAR] 4. one of two or more parts, as of a machine, that grasp or hold something or that attach to or mesh with similar parts. [PAR] 5. Slang. an idle chat. [PAR] v.i. [PAR] 6. Slang. to chat; gossip. [PAR] [1325\u201375; Middle English jawe, jowe < Old French joue; orig. uncertain] [PAR] jaw\u2032less, adj. [PAR] jaw [PAR] (j\u00f4) [PAR] 1. Either of two bony or cartilaginous structures that in most vertebrate animals form the framework of the mouth, hold the teeth, and are used for biting and chewing food. The lower, movable part of the jaw is called the mandible. The upper, fixed part is called the maxilla. [PAR] 2. Any of various structures of invertebrate animals, such as the pincers of spiders or mites, that function similarly to the jaws of vertebrates. [PAR] jaw [PAR] I will have been jawing [PAR] you will have been jawing [PAR] he/she/it will have been jawing [PAR] we will have been jawing [PAR] you will have been jawing [PAR] they will have been jawing [PAR] Past Perfect Continuous [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] jaw - the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth [PAR] bone , os - rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates [PAR] maxilla , maxillary , upper jaw , upper jawbone - the jaw in vertebrates that is fused to the cranium [PAR] alveolar arch - the part of the upper or lower jawbones in which the teeth are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beavers, Beaver Pictures, Beaver Facts - National Geographic Beavers, Beaver Pictures, Beaver Facts - National Geographic [PAR] Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man [PAR] Please add a \"relative\" entry to your dictionary. [PAR] Beavers are famously busy, and they turn their talents to reengineering the landscape as few other animals can. When sites are available, beavers burrow in the banks of rivers and lakes. But they also transform less suitable habitats by building dams. Felling and gnawing trees with their strong teeth and powerful jaws, they create massive log, branch, and mud structures to block streams and turn fields and forests into the large ponds that beavers love. [PAR] Domelike beaver homes, called lodges, are also constructed of branches and mud. They are often strategically located in the middle of ponds and can only be reached by underwater entrances. These dwellings are home to extended families of monogamous parents, young kits, and the yearlings born the previous spring. [PAR] Beavers are among the largest of rodents. They are herbivores and prefer to eat leaves, bark, twigs, roots, and aquatic plants. [PAR] These large rodents move with an ungainly waddle on land but are graceful in the water, where they use their large, webbed rear feet like swimming fins, and their paddle-shaped tails like rudders. These attributes allow beavers to swim at speeds of up to five miles (eight kilometers) an hour. They can remain underwater for 15 minutes without surfacing, and have a set of transparent eyelids that function much like goggles. Their fur is naturally oily and waterproof. [PAR] There are two species of beavers, which are found in the forests of North America, Europe, and Asia. These animals are active all winter, swimming and foraging in their ponds even when a layer of ice covers the surface.[DOC] [TLE] Amazing facts about beavers | OneKind Amazing Facts about the Beaver - OneKind [PAR] OneKind [PAR] Animal A-Z [PAR] Beaver [PAR] Beavers are social animals, living in large family groups of monogamous parents, young kits, and the yearlings from the previous spring. [PAR] Find more animals like this [PAR] herbivore [PAR] Amazing Facts About the Beaver [PAR] Beavers use swimming goggles too! They possess a set of transparent eyelids which enable them to see under water. [PAR] Beavers are second only to humans in their ability to manipulate their environment \u2013 the largest dam in existence is located in Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta, Canada. It stretches for 850m, and is visible from space. [PAR] Beaver homes, called lodges, are dome-like constructions built from branches and mud. They are positioned in open water for protection from predators and have underwater entrance holes. [PAR] Beavers don\u2019t mind the cold, they can be seen active throughout winter and maintain use of their ponds even when they are covered with a layer of ice. [PAR] Beavers are one of the largest rodents on earth. Their large rodent teeth never stop growing. The beavers constantly gnawing on wood keeps their teeth from growing too long. [PAR] There are two species of beaver; the North American beaver and the European beaver. Although very similar in appearance and behaviour, the two species are not genetically compatible. [PAR] Share [PAR] The work of beavers makes them a keystone species in maintaining habitats that are relied on by many others. As well as wetland, beavers create standing dead wood (by drowning some trees) which is inhabited by insects, and in turn attracts bird life. [PAR] Beavers are good house guests. Their lodges typically contain two dens, one for drying off after entering the lodge under"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Transport in Plants - Cronodon Transport in Plants [PAR] Transport in Plants [PAR] Carbon Fixation by Roots [PAR] The main source of carbon for plants comes from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and fixation of this carbon dioxide by leaves and other [PAR] green parts of the shoot system in the presence of light as an energy source - the process of photosynthesis . Some of this fixed carbon is [PAR] converted into fuels for respiration, such as glucose, some is stored as compact materials like starch, and some is used in building blocks, [PAR] such as proteins, nucelotides and phospholipids, to build the plant body. [PAR] Fixation is an odd word, and one that stems all the way back to alchemy. It makes perfect sense, however, when you think of gases as [PAR] mobile, with their molecules constantly moving around by diffusion due to their thermal kinetic energy. Fixation means to render less [PAR] mobile, and was historically depicted by clipping the 'wings' of the gaseous or volatile substance (by converting it into a solid or [PAR] non-volatile liquid, for example). [PAR] However, it is a little known fact that roots can also fix carbon. Roots do not photosynthesise, however, and they fix carbon in the absence [PAR] of light with the use of enzymes. Ordinarily roots only fix enough carbon for their own secretory activities, with the bulk of carbon fixation [PAR] occurring in the shoot system. Root-fixed carbon is used, for example, to produce root secretions which leak into the soil around the roots [PAR] (the rhizosphere). These secretions probably have various functions, but appear to encourage plant-friendly microbes, signaling to [PAR] mycorhizal fungi, for example, advertising the root and encouraging the fungus to form a symbiosis with it. These secretions are also [PAR] thought to be important in helping to 'mobilise, plant nutrients - many nutrients are locked onto soil particles in an insoluble form and so [PAR] can not be absorbed by the roots until they have been dissolved or mobilised. In some herbaceous plants, it has been shown that roots [PAR] can fix enough surplus carbon to contribute to shoot carbon, that is the roots export carbon that they fix and which is in excess of their own [PAR] needs, into the shoot system. To what extent the roots contribute to the stem carbon of woody plants is not known. [PAR] The Role of Root Pressure [PAR] As well as contributing a small amount to the pressure gradient which drives xylem sap part-way up a tree, or perhaps to the top of some [PAR] short plants, or even small trees, in certain conditions, root pressure possibly has several important functions. In very humid climates [PAR] where evapotranspiration is too low to drive xylem flow, root pressure ensures that some xylem travels up the plant to deliver mineral [PAR] nutrients from the roots to the shoot system. This root pressure may cause droplets of water to exude from vessels at the edges and tips [PAR] of leaves (guttation) and some plants have special pores (hydathodes) at the ends of the veins to allow this water out (after the minerals [PAR] are extracted from it by the cells). This flow due to root pressure also occurs in many plants at night, contributing to early morning due. It is [PAR] also important in very early spring, supplying growing buds with minerals before the leaves have opened enough for evapotranspiration to [PAR] take over as the main driving force. Root pressure may also help unblock cavitated vessels. [PAR] Sugar in the Xylem [PAR] In maples and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leaf Structure, Function, and Adaptation - Boundless Leaf Structure, Function, and Adaptation [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Leaf Structure, Function, and Adaptation [PAR] Leaves have many structures that prevent water loss, transport compounds, aid in gas exchange, and protect the plant as a whole. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Describe the internal structure and function of a leaf [PAR] Key Points [PAR] The epidermis consists of the upper and lower epidermis; it aids in the regulation of gas exchange via stomata. [PAR] The epidermis is one layer thick, but may have more layers to prevent transpiration . [PAR] The cuticle is located outside the epidermis and protects against water loss; trichomes discourage predation. [PAR] The mesophyll is found between the upper and lower epidermis; it aids in gas exchange and photosynthesis via chloroplasts . [PAR] The xylem transports water and minerals to the leaves; the phloem transports the photosynthetic products to the other parts of the plant. [PAR] Plants in cold climates have needle-like leaves that are reduced in size; plants in hot climates have succulent leaves that help to conserve water. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Full Text [PAR] Leaf Structure and Function [PAR] The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis. It consists of the upper and lower epidermis, which are present on either side of the leaf. Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis). The epidermis aids in the regulation of gas exchange. It contains stomata, which are openings through which the exchange of gases takes place. Two guard cells surround each stoma , regulating its opening and closing. Guard cells are the only epidermal cells to contain chloroplasts. [PAR] The epidermis is usually one cell layer thick. However, in plants that grow in very hot or very cold conditions, the epidermis may be several layers thick to protect against excessive water loss from transpiration. A waxy layer known as the cuticle covers the leaves of all plant species . The cuticle reduces the rate of water loss from the leaf surface. Other leaves may have small hairs (trichomes) on the leaf surface. Trichomes help to avert herbivory by restricting insect movements or by storing toxic or bad-tasting compounds. They can also reduce the rate of transpiration by blocking air flow across the leaf surface . [PAR] Trichomes give leaves a fuzzy appearance as in this (a) sundew (Drosera sp.). Leaf trichomes include (b) branched trichomes on the leaf of Arabidopsis lyrata and (c) multibranched trichomes on a mature Quercus marilandica leaf. [PAR] Below the epidermis of dicot leaves are layers of cells known as the mesophyll, or \"middle leaf.\" The mesophyll of most leaves typically contains two arrangements of parenchyma cells: the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma . The palisade parenchyma (also called the palisade mesophyll) aids in photosynthesis and has column-shaped, tightly-packed cells. It may be present in one, two, or three layers. Below the palisade parenchyma are loosely-arranged cells of an irregular shape. These are the cells of the spongy parenchyma (or spongy mesophyll). The air space found between the spongy parenchyma cells allows gaseous exchange between the leaf and the outside atmosphere through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ANIMAL Teachers: Winged Ones: Kookaburra ANIMAL Teachers: Winged Ones: Kookaburra [PAR] ANIMAL Teachers [PAR] KOOKABURRA [PAR] Resolving Family Issues [PAR] The Kookaburra of Australia is the largest member of the Kingfisher Family. Unlike other members of the Kingfisher Family, Kookaburra lives in woodlands instead of near wetlands. Perched on a tree branch to spot prey, Kookaburra will swoop down and seize a tasty Insect in his long, dagger-like bill. Instead of Fish, Kookaburra eats Insects, Worms, and Reptiles. [PAR] Known for his distinctive call, Laughing Kookaburra will sing in a loud chorus, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKoo-koo-koo-koo-koo-koo-kaa-kaa-kaa\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Blue-winged Kookaburra sings a coarser call that ends abruptly. Some people have described Kookaburra\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds call as a rollicking laugh. What is strange about Kookaburra\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds call is how many people are familiar with it, without knowing. American filmmakers often feature Kookaburra\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds laugh as background noise for jungle scenes. [PAR] What makes Kookaburra unusual is his family life. When his Young are fledged, They remain with their Parents to help raise the next group of Siblings. Kookaburra Brothers and Sisters will raise the second brood, while Parent Kookaburras raise the third brood. If one of the Parents dies, the Children continue to help the other Parent raise the rest of the Family. [PAR] What people can learn from Kookaburra is how to be a good family member. Kookaburra can teach you how to resolve many family issues. Learn from Kookaburra what makes for a strong family. [PAR] Important Kookaburra Teaching: Laughter and Joy [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdHe has a distinctive laughing call that when heard makes one feel like laughing along with him. Stirring the joy that lives deep within your being. When you hear a Kookaburra remember to allow yourself to laugh, for laughter and joy are the very essence of our being.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Copyright: \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWisdom of Australian Animals\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, Ann Williams-Fitzgerald. [PAR] Kookaburra\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Teachings Also Include [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdA silent Kookaburra is a far more uplifting sign than the raucous laughter emanated by a chorus of mockery and taunt.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Copyright: \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAnimal Messengers\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, Scott Alexander King. [PAR] Kookaburra\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Wisdom Includes: [PAR] Strong Families"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Food Chains and Webs | Teaching Great Lakes Science Food Chains and Webs | Teaching Great Lakes Science [PAR] Teaching Great Lakes Science [PAR] Search [PAR] Food Chains and Webs [PAR] All living organisms depend on one another for food. By reviewing the relationships of organisms that feed on one another, this lesson explores how all organisms\u2014 including humans\u2014are linked. If students understand the relationships in a simple food chain, they will better understand the importance and sensitivity of these connections, and why changes to one part of the food chain almost always impact another. [PAR] Grade level: 4-8th grades [PAR] Performance Expectations: [PAR] MS-LS2-1 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy and Dynamics. Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem. [PAR] MS-LS2-2 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy and Dynamics. Construct an explanation about how the different parts of the food chain are dependent on each other. [PAR] MS-LS2-3 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy and Dynamics. Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living parts of the food chain. [PAR] MS-LS2-4 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy and Dynamics. Construct an argument, supported by evidence gathered through observation and experience, showing how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect populations. [PAR] MS-LS2-5 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy and Dynamics. Evaluate competing design solutions for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. [PAR] MS-ESS3-3 Earth and Human Activity. Answer questions about how pollution affects food chains by applying scientific principles to design a monitoring plan for minimizing the human impact on the environment. [PAR] For alignment, see: NGSS Summary [PAR] Lesson Objectives [PAR] Describe the difference between herbivores, carnivores and producers. [PAR] Answer questions about the interdependence of herbivores, carnivores and producers as members of a food chain. [PAR] Answer questions about how pollution affects food chains. [PAR] [PAR] Background [PAR] A food chain is a simplified way to show the relationship of organisms that feed on each other. It\u2019s helpful to classify animals in a simple food chain by what they eat, or where they get their energy. [PAR] Green plants, called producers, form the basis of the aquatic food chain. They get their energy from the sun and make their own food through photosynthesis. In the Great Lakes, producers can be microscopic phytoplankton (plant plankton), algae, aquatic plants like Elodea, or plants like cattails that emerge from the water\u2019s surface. [PAR] Herbivores, such as ducks, small fish and many species of zooplankton (animal plankton) eat plants. Carnivores (meat eaters) eat other animals and can be small (e.g., frog) or large (e.g., lake trout). Omnivores are animals (including humans) that eat both plants and animals. Each is an important part of the food chain. [PAR] In reality, food chains overlap at many points \u2014 because animals often feed on multiple species \u2014 forming complex food webs. Food web diagrams depict all feeding interactions among species in real communities. These complex diagrams often appear as intricate spider webs connecting the species. [PAR] This lesson demonstrates that changes in one part of a food chain or web may affect other parts, resulting in impacts on carnivores, herbivores, and eventually on producers. An example of this might be the harmful effects of pollution. The point that should be made is that when something disrupts a food web, humans should try to understand and minimize the disturbance. Students should also come to recognize that humans, too, are part of this complex web of life. [PAR] [PAR] Food Chains and Food Webs \u2013 Parts and Pieces [PAR] Food Chains [PAR] Producers [PAR] Plants"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nature: Tickled pink by flamingo's visit - Houston Chronicle Nature: Tickled pink by flamingo's visit - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Nature: Tickled pink by flamingo's visit [PAR] WONDERS OF NATURE [PAR] By Gary Clark [PAR] Published 5:30 am, Friday, May 28, 2004 [PAR] Few birds have attracted as much public attention as the flamingo in Galveston Bay next to the Texas City Dike . But the question on everybody's mind, from hard-core birders to casual observers, is where did it come from? [PAR] Decked out in pink plumes with a swanlike long neck and angular beak, the bird is called a greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) of the Caribbean variety. It normally congregates in large flocks at the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula and throughout the Caribbean and Bahamas down to northern South America. [PAR] So what is a lone flamingo doing in Texas City? What it's doing right now is feeding on little marine organisms and putting on quite a show for spectators. [PAR] Whether it's a wild bird is an unanswered question. Is it a captive flamingo that escaped from a zoo or water garden, or did it wander up to Texas from a wild Caribbean population? [PAR] An answer will come from the Texas Bird Records Committee , a standing committee of the Texas Ornithological Society that analyzes reports of birds considered rare in Texas. A greater flamingo is certainly rare in Texas and anywhere in the United States. [PAR] \"The TBRC will primarily use two criteria to decide about the potential origin of the flamingo,\" said Mark Lockwood , the committee's secretary. \"First is the condition of the bird, including its plumage, legs and beak. Captive birds often show signs of feather wear and can have damaged legs and beaks. Second is information from local aviculturists to make sure a captive bird didn't escape.\" [PAR] The committee may have a decision within three months, after poring over photographs and written documentation by birders. [PAR] To date, the committee has accepted into the record only four sightings of a wild flamingo. Those were from 1978 to 2001, south along the coast from Calhoun County to Kleberg County. The Texas City flamingo could become the first accepted record for the upper Texas Coast. [PAR] Local expert birders believe it probably originated from a wild population. [PAR] \"I think the bird is wild because it is full-winged and doesn't appear to have been pinioned as are birds in captivity,\" said Dr. Dan Books , curator of vertebrate zoology at the Houston Museum of Natural Science . \"Also, most captive birds in Houston are usually the Chilean or African flamingos, but this one is the Caribbean form of a greater flamingo.\" [PAR] Dwight Peake of NASA notes that there is a large breeding colony of Caribbean flamingos on the northern Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. \"Since flamingos often disperse after the nesting period, there's a good chance the flamingo came up on the recent strong southeasterly winds,\" he said. [PAR] The bird at the Texas City Dike offers one of the best chances to see a potential wild flamingo in North America. To find it, drive onto the dike about a half mile to a pull-out on the left where volunteers from Galveston Audubon will show you the bird in spotting scopes. [PAR] The greater flamingo strikes a handsome figure at nearly 5 feet tall, wading like a human angler but with less effort, in the shallows of the bay off the dike. It has characteristically thin pinkish legs, pinkish feathering, black flight feathers, and a beak grading from bone-color at the base to pale yellow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Okapi (Okapia johnstoni) - Animals - A-Z Animals - Animal ... Okapi (Okapia Johnstoni) - Animals - A-Z Animals [PAR] Five groups that classify all living things [PAR] Animalia [PAR] A group of animals within the animal kingdom [PAR] Chordata [PAR] A group of animals within a pylum [PAR] Mammalia [PAR] A group of animals within a class [PAR] Artiodactyla [PAR] A group of animals within an order [PAR] Giraffidae [PAR] A group of animals within a family [PAR] Okapia [PAR] Comprised of the genus followed by the species [PAR] Okapia johnstoni [PAR] Most widely used name for the species [PAR] Okapi [PAR] The domestic group such as cat or dog [PAR] Mammal [PAR] The specific area where the animal lives [PAR] Dense mountain rainforest [PAR] The colour of the animal's coat or markings [PAR] Red, Brown, Black, White [PAR] The protective layer of the animal [PAR] Fur [PAR] How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is [PAR] 1.5m - 2m (4.9ft - 6.5ft) [PAR] The measurement of how heavy the animal is [PAR] 200kg - 300kg (440lbs - 660lbs) [PAR] The fastest recorded speed of the animal [PAR] 60kph (37mph [PAR] What kind of foods the animal eats [PAR] Herbivore [PAR] The food that the animal gains energy from [PAR] Leaves, Shoots, Fruit [PAR] Other animals that hunt and eat the animal [PAR] Leopard, Serval, Human [PAR] Whether the animal is solitary or sociable [PAR] Diurnal [PAR] How long the animal lives for [PAR] 20 - 30 years [PAR] The average number of babies born at once [PAR] 1 [PAR] The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct [PAR] Near Threatened [PAR] Horizontal white stripes on rear and legs [PAR] Fun Fact: [PAR] Eats more than 100 different types of plant! [PAR] Okapi Location [PAR] Okapi [PAR] Okapi Classification and Evolution [PAR] The Okapi is an elusive herbivore that is found in a small pocket of tropical mountain forest in central Africa . Despite it's Deer-like appearance the Okapi is actually one of the last remaining ancestors of the Giraffe , which is the tallest animal on Earth. Along with having a relatively long neck compared to it's body size , the most striking feature of the Okapi is the horizontal stripes that are particularly visible on their behinds and give this animal an almost Zebra-like appearance. The Okapi is very shy and secretive, so much so in fact that they were not recognised as a distinct species by western science until the earth 20th century. Although they are seldom seen by people, the Okapi is not an endangered species as they are thought to be fairly common in their remote habitats. [PAR] Okapi Anatomy and Appearance [PAR] Like it's distant and much larger ancestor, the Okapi has a long neck which not only helps it to reach leaves that are higher up, but also provides the Okapi with a tool to both defend itself and it's territory . The Okapi has a red-brown coloured coat of fur with horizontal, white striped markings that are found on their hind quarters and at the tops of their legs, and provide the Okapi with excellent camouflage in the dense jungle. They have white ankles with a dark spot above each hoof and very thick skin to help protect them from injury. The Okapi has a long head and dark muzzle with large set-back ears which enable the Okapi to detect approaching predators easily. The Okapi also has an impressively long tongue, which is not only black in colour but it is also prehensile meaning that it is able to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SeaWorld - Diet and Eating Habits of Baleen Whales Diet & Eating Habits [PAR] Food Preferences And Resources [PAR] In general, baleen whales feed low on the food chain, primarily eating zooplankton and small fishes, which they encounter in large swarms or schools. [PAR] Right whales eat zooplankton (animal plankton). Their finely fringed baleen is able to strain from the water copepods (a type of small crustacean) and other small zooplankton. Krill (a family of small, shrimplike crustaceans) and copepods are major components of a right whale's diet. [PAR] Rorquals generally eat larger prey than do right whales. Depending on species, they eat a variety small crustaceans, squids, and small schooling fishes. [PAR] Blue whales eat mostly krill. [PAR] Fin whales eat krill, copepods, squids, and variety of small schooling fishes. [PAR] Humpback whales, Bryde's whales, and minke whales prey mostly on krill and small schooling fishes. Minke whales in the northern hemisphere prey mostly on small schooling fishes; those in the southern hemisphere prey mostly on krill. [PAR] Sei whales eat copepods, krill and amphipods (another type of small crustacean). In the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans they also eat squids and small schooling fishes. [PAR] Gray whales eat mainly invertebrates that live in bottom sediments, mostly amphipods and probably marine worms. [PAR] It's likely that some whales' diets depend on food availability. [PAR] Food Intake [PAR] Most baleen whales spend about four to six months in the summer feeding intensively in high-latitude, productive waters. They spend the next six to eight months traveling and breeding. [PAR] Scientists estimate that large baleen whales eat about 4% of their body weight each day during the feeding season. Food intake during the feeding season exceeds daily requirements, and excess energy is stored as fat, much of it in the blubber. [PAR] A blue whale eats up to 3,600 kg (8,000 lb.) of krill each day for about 120 days. It is estimated to take 1,000 kg (2,200 lb.) of food to fill a blue whale\u2019s stomach. [PAR] Gray whales eat about 150,000 kg (340,000 lb) of food during a 130 to 140 day feeding period - a daily average intake of about 1,089 kg (2,400 lb.). It is estimated to take 300 kg (660 lb.) of food to fill a gray whale's stomach. [PAR] Gray whales gain about 16% to 30% of their total body weight during a feeding season. [PAR] Throughout the traveling and breeding season, baleen whales eat much less or not at all. Blubber gained during the feeding season sustains the whale during the winter months. [PAR] A baleen whale's thick blubber layer stores fat; it is an energy reserve that is necessary during the traveling and breeding seasons. [PAR] Winter daily feeding rate is only about 0.4% of body weight. [PAR] Blubber makes up 27% of a blue whale's body weight, 23% of a fin whale, 21% of a sei whale, 29% of a gray whale, and 36% to 45% of a right whale. [PAR] Method Of Collecting And Eating Food [PAR] A right whale \"grazes\" by swimming slowly through swarms of small zooplankton (animal plankton) with its mouth open. At the surface this has been termed \"skim-feeding\", but right whales also feed under water. [PAR] Water - and zooplankton - enter a right whale's mouth through a gap in the front baleen plates. Zooplankton is caught in the finely fringed baleen mat; water flows through the baleen and out the sides of the mouth. [PAR] With long baleen plates and a huge mouth, right whales are adapted for straining immense amounts of food."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vulture | San Diego Zoo Animals Vulture | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants [PAR] San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants [PAR] FAMILIES: Cathartidae (New World) and Accipitridae (Old World) [PAR] GENERA: 14 [PAR] SPECIES: 23 [PAR] ABOUT [PAR] What makes a vulture? They may not be the prettiest birds of prey, but the world would be a smellier place without vultures! [PAR] All vultures have a wide wingspan, which allows them to soar for long periods of time without flapping so much as a feather while looking for carrion to eat. They all have a sharp, hooked beak for ripping apart meat. Vultures are large compared to other birds. Their bald head and neck serve a useful purpose, allowing vultures to steer clear of infection and tangled feathers when eating decaying meat. A strong immune system allows vultures to eat rotting and possibly infected meat without getting sick. [PAR] These unusual birds are divided into two groups: New World vultures, which are from North, Central, and South America; and Old World vultures, which live in Africa, Asia, and Europe. [PAR] New World vultures have a distinctive bald head, an adaptation that helps reduce the risks of disease, because bacteria could become lodged in feathers, while the bald head and neck may be disinfected by the sun\u2019s rays. New World vultures have nostrils that are long and horizontal, with a space between them. They do not have a voice box, so they cannot make any sound except hisses and grunts. New World vultures don\u2019t build nests; instead, they lay their eggs in holes on high rocky surfaces or in tree cavities. [PAR] Some examples of New World vultures are turkey vultures, black vultures, king vultures, California condors , and Andean condors . [PAR] Old World vultures look like their eagle and hawk relatives. They have large, grasping talons, a voice box to vocalize with, and build nests made of sticks on rocky platforms or in trees. Old World vultures have also been around longer than the New World vultures. They have stronger feet than the New World vultures, which have feet that are not designed for grasping, and large, broad wings that allow them to stay aloft for most of the day, and a large, powerful beak with a hooked tip. [PAR] Some other examples of Old World vultures are Himalayan, Egyptian, hooded, Indian black, and palm-nut vultures, and Egyptian or Eurasian griffons. [PAR] Although New World vultures are unable to make more than hissing and grunting sounds, Old World vultures can be quite vocal when feeding at a carcass, making lots of grunts, croaks, screeches, and chatter. White-backed vultures croak plaintively or squeal like pigs during a meal. Bearded vultures scream while rolling and twisting in flight during courtship. [PAR] Not many animals threaten vultures. Covered as they are with bacteria, they would make most predators sick if eaten. Other scavengers may threaten the vulture, mainly to get better access to a shared carcass. Vultures tend to gorge themselves, often to the point of being unable to fly. If they feel bothered as they stand about digesting their food, they simply regurgitate to lighten the load and fly off. [PAR] Many people look at the vulture as a sign of death, but some cultures admire the birds. Ancient Egyptians connected the Egyptian griffon to their goddess Nekhbet, guardian of mothers and children. Griffon images are found in early Egyptian paintings and drawings and even had a place on the crown of the pharaoh, alongside the cobra. In Native American culture, California condors are important in mythology and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parts of an Insect - My Schoolhouse Insect Parts - Elementary Science Lessons & Tests - My Schoolhouse - Online Learning [PAR] [PAR] There are many kinds of insects. They may all look different, but they are alike. They are alike in three ways. [PAR] six legs [PAR] three main body sections (head, thorax, and abdomen) [PAR] hard skeleton [PAR] One way all insects are alike is that they have six legs. Three legs on each side of the body. The legs are attached to the thorax. The thorax is the middle part of an insect's body. Many insects have wings that are attached to the thorax. [PAR] Behind the thorax is the abdomen. It is usually the largest part of an insect. [PAR] In front of the thorax is the head. Eyes and a mouth are located in the head. Antennae or feelers are also found on the head. These are used to smell, feel, and taste things. [PAR] Insects have a skeleton too! Their skeleton is on the outside of their bodies. It is called an exoskeleton. Your skeleton is found inside your body, and it is made of bones. An insect's skeleton is the hardest part of its body. It is made of a material called chitin. [PAR] Directions: Answer the questions about insects. [PAR] How many legs do all insects have? [PAR] two[DOC] [TLE] Parks Canada - Mountain Pine Beetle - Natural Heritage ... Parks Canada - Mountain Pine Beetle - Natural Heritage - Mountain Pine Beetle - Beetle Anatomy [PAR] Mountain Pine Beetle [PAR] Through Compound Eyes: A Closer Look at Mountain Pine Beetle [PAR] [PAR] The relationship between mountain pine beetle and their host pine trees has been evolving for hundreds of years. The anatomy of the beetle reflects this relationship with adaptations designed specifically for penetrating the bark and phloem of the host tree. [PAR] In general, bark beetles have a hard exoskeleton, a three-region body (head, thorax, and abdomen), two compound eyes, three pairs of jointed legs, and two antennae. The legs and wings are attached to the thorax. The front pair of hardened wings forms the \u201celytra\u201d which protect the hind wings. Mountain pine beetle are small, dull (not shiny), cylindrical, and have elbowed, club-like antennae. The following is a detailed description of mountain pine beetle anatomy. [PAR] What\u2019s in a name? [PAR] They are over 300 000 known beetle species on the planet. They make up over 40% of all known species of insects! To keep track of all the organisms on earth, scientists have developed a classification system where each is given a Latin name that tells us something about the species. The Latin name for mountain pine beetle is Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. \u201cDendroctonus\u201d means \u201ctree-killer, and \u201cponderosae\u201d refers to \u201cpine tree.\u201d When a non-italicized name appears after the Latin name (like Hopkins) it usually refers to the person who discovered and named the species. [PAR] Many Latin names in the classification system describe anatomical features that separate one group of animals from another. Mountain pine beetle is a part of these larger groups in the classification system, and their names provide information about their bodies: [PAR] Kingdom: Animalia, meaning all living or extinct animals [PAR] Phylum: Arthropoda, meaning \u201cjointed limbs\u201d [PAR] Class: Insecta \u2013 meaning \u201cincised.\u201d This refers to the fact that insects generally have a sharp division between the head and thorax and between the thorax and abdomen. [PAR] Order: Coleoptera \u2013 includes all beetles \u2013 and means \u201csheath wings\u201d \u2013 referring to the hardened forewings or \u201celytra\u201d that cover the membranous \u2013 see through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Open Door Web Site : Biology : How Plants Breathe ... The Open Door Web Site : Biology : How Plants Breathe : The Differences in the Exchange of Gases between Plant Respiration and Photosynthesis [PAR] Remember that a green plant respires all the time, day and night. [PAR] A green plant photosynthesizes only in the presence of sunlight. [PAR] [PAR] All parts of the plant respire, the leaves, the stem, the roots and even the flowers. The parts above the soil get their oxygen directly from the air through pores. The pores in the leaves are called stomata (singular: stoma). The pores in the branches of trees are called lenticels. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The drawing shows a leaf of a ficus plant. A small part of the underside of the leaf has been magnified to show the stomata. The average number of stomata per mm2 of leaf is around 300. The smallest number is found on Tradescantia leaves which have 14 per mm2 . The highest number of stomata is found on the leaves of the Spanish oak tree. Here there are around 1200 per mm2 . [PAR] The roots of a plant also need oxygen which they obtain from the air spaces in the soil. If you give too much water to a plant in a pot you could kill the roots by drowning them! Plants, such as rice, which normally grow in wet soil often have air spaces in their roots. This is so that they can carry air from the atmosphere down to the root tips to be able to respire under water. [PAR] [PAR] The Open Door Web Site is non-profit making. Your donations help towards the cost of maintaining this free service on-line. [PAR] Donate to the Open Door Web Site using PayPal [PAR] \u00a9 The Open Door Team 2017 [PAR] Any questions or problems regarding this site should be addressed to the webmaster [PAR] \u00a9 Paul Billiet and Shirley Burchill 2017"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PLANT REPRODUCTION - Biology Junction plant reproduction [PAR] Capsule at the top of the sporophyte forms haploid (1n) spores [PAR] Sexual reproduction in Moss: [PAR] Moss produce 2 kinds of jacketed gametes --- eggs & sperm [PAR] Egg producing organ is called the archegonium [PAR] Eggs are larger and nonmotile [PAR] Sperm producing organ is called the antheridium [PAR] Sperm are smaller, flagellated cells [PAR] Antheridia & archegonia are both part of the gametophyte plant [PAR] Fertilization can occur only during or soon after RAIN when the gametophyte is covered with Water [PAR] Sperm swim to the egg by following a trail of chemicals released by the egg in the water [PAR] Fertilization produces a zygote that becomes a sporophyte [PAR] Mature sporophytes produce homosporous spores (all the same type) [PAR] Mature capsules open & release spores spread by wind [PAR] Spores landing on moist places germinate into protonema that become new gametophytes [PAR] [PAR] Small pieces may break off from a gametophyte & become a new plant (fragmentation) [PAR] Small buds called gemmae may be washed off by rain and develop new moss plants [PAR] Fern Characteristics & Life Cycle: [PAR] Goes through alternation of generations [PAR] Sporophyte phase is the dominant stage [PAR] Fern gametophytes are small, flat plants anchored to the soil by root-like rhizoids [PAR] Antheridia & archegonia form on the underside of fern gametophytes [PAR] Sperm swim to egg through water droplets to form zygote (fertilized egg) [PAR] Zygotes form new sporophytes with roots, stems, & leaves [PAR] Spore cases called sori form on the underside of fern fronds (leaves) [PAR] Ferns are homosporous (single type of spore formed) [PAR] [PAR] New fronds form from an underground stem called the rhizome [PAR] Vascular tissue carries nutrients & water between the parts of the fern [PAR] Fronds are compound leaves attached by a short stalk called the stipe to the underground stem or rhizome [PAR] Immature fronds or fiddleheads are coiled [PAR] [PAR] Characteristics & Life Cycle of Conifers: [PAR] Called gymnosperms [PAR] Have naked seeds that develop on scales of the female cones [PAR] Sporophyte is the dominant stage [PAR] Adapted to cooler climates [PAR] Called evergreens (pine, cedar, spruce, fir...) [PAR] Giant Redwood is one of the Earth's largest organisms [PAR] Bristlecone Pines are the oldest living organisms (some more than 5000 years old) [PAR] Giant Redwood [PAR] The pine life cycle takes 2-3 years from the formation of cones until seeds are released [PAR] Female cones have spirally-arranged scales with ovules at their base [PAR] Female cones produce sticky resin [PAR] Ovules contain an egg that will develop into a seed [PAR] Male cones produce large amounts of pollen in the spring that is spread by wind to the female cones [PAR] Resin traps the pollen so pollination can occur [PAR] A tube from the pollen grain takes a year to grow to the ovule so a sperm can fertilize the egg and form seeds [PAR] Angiosperms or Flowering Plants: [PAR] Bright colors, attractive shapes, and fragrant aromas help flowering plants attract their pollinators (insects, birds, mammals...) [PAR] Flowers without bright colors and pleasing odors are usually wind or water pollinated (grasses) [PAR] Called angiosperms [PAR] Flowers, the reproductive part of a plant, have a swollen base or receptacle to attach to the stem [PAR] Flowers have 4 whorls (modified leaves) attached to the receptacle --- petals, sepals, pistils, and stamen [PAR] Pistils (innermost whorl) are the female part of the flower, while Stamens are the male part [PAR] Sepals (outermost whorl) are found below the petals and may look leaf-like"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hibernation | Article about hibernation by The Free Dictionary Hibernation | Article about hibernation by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Hibernation | Article about hibernation by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/hibernation [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] hibernation [PAR] (h\u012b'b\u0259rn\u0101`sh\u0259n) [Lat.,= wintering], practice, among certain animals, of spending part of the cold season in a more or less dormant state, apparently as protection from cold when normal body temperature cannot be maintained and food is scarce. Hibernating animals are able to store enough food in their bodies to carry them over until food is again obtainable. They do not grow during hibernation, and all body activities are reduced to a minimum: there may be as few as one or two heartbeats a minute. Cold-blooded animals (e.g., insects, reptiles, amphibians, and fish) must hibernate if they live in environments where the temperature\u2014and hence their own body temperature\u2014drops below freezing. Some insects pass their larval stage in a state of hibernation; in such cases hibernation is closely associated with the reproductive cycle (see larva larva, [PAR] independent, immature animal that undergoes a profound change, or metamorphosis, to assume the typical adult form. Larvae occur in almost all of the animal phyla; because most are tiny or microscopic, they are rarely seen. They play diverse roles in the lives of animals. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ; pupa pupa [PAR] , name for the third stage in the life of an insect that undergoes complete metamorphosis, i.e., develops from the egg through the larva and the pupa stages to the adult. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ). However, most warm-blooded animals, i.e., birds and mammals, can survive freezing environments because their metabolism controls their body temperatures. Many hibernating animals seek insulation from excessive cold; bears and bats retire to caves, and frogs and fish bury themselves in pond bottoms below the frost line. Analogous to hibernation is aestivation, a dormant period of escape from heat and drought. Other methods of avoiding excessively high or low temperatures and destructive increases or decreases in the water supply are encystment and ensuing dormancy, e.g., in plant seeds and bacteria, and migration. Some animals, such as rabbits, raccoons, and squirrels, store food against scarcity and spend cold periods asleep in their burrows, though they may emerge on warm days. [PAR] Hibernation [PAR] A term generally applied to a condition of dormancy and torpor found in cold-blooded (poikilotherm) vertebrates and invertebrates. (The term is also applied to relatively few species of mammals and birds, which are warm-blooded vertebrates.) This rather universal phenomenon can be readily seen when body temperatures of poikilotherm animals drop in a parallel relation to ambient environmental temperatures. [PAR] Poikilotherm animals [PAR] Hibernation occurs with exposure to low temperatures and, under normal conditions, occurs principally during winter seasons when there are lengthy periods of low environmental temperatures. A related form of dormancy is known as estivation. Many animals estivate when they are exposed to prolonged periods of drought or during hot, dry summers. For all practical purposes, hibernation and estivation in animals are indistinguishable, except for the nature of the stimulus, which is either cold or an arid environment. [PAR] There is no complete list of animals that hibernate; however, many examples can be found among the poikilotherms, both vertebrate and invertebrate. The poikilotherms are sometimes referred to as ectothermic, because their body temperatures are not internally regulated but follow the rise and fall of environmental temperatures. During hibernation and winter torpor, body temperatures reflect the environmental temperature, often to within"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scorpions, Scorpion Pictures, Scorpion Facts - National ... Scorpions, Scorpion Pictures, Scorpion Facts - National Geographic [PAR] Scientists aren't sure why, but scorpions are fluorescent under ultraviolet light. [PAR] Size relative to a teacup: [PAR] Scorpions are members of the class Arachnida and are closely related to spiders, mites, and ticks. They are commonly thought of as desert dwellers, but they also live in Brazilian forests, British Columbia, North Carolina, and even the Himalayas. These hardy, adaptable arthropods have been around for hundreds of millions of years, and they are nothing if not survivors. [PAR] Survival Adaptations [PAR] There are almost 2,000 scorpion species, but only 30 or 40 have strong enough poison to kill a person. The many types of venom are effectively tailored to their users' lifestyles, however, and are highly selected for effectiveness against that species' chosen prey. [PAR] Scorpions typically eat insects, but their diet can be extremely variable\u2014another key to their survival in so many harsh locales. When food is scarce, the scorpion has an amazing ability to slow its metabolism to as little as one-third the typical rate for arthropods. This technique enables some species to use little oxygen and live on as little as a single insect per year. Yet even with lowered metabolism, the scorpion has the ability to spring quickly to the hunt when the opportunity presents itself\u2014a gift that many hibernating species lack. [PAR] Such survival skills allow scorpions to live in some of the planet's toughest environments. Researchers have even frozen scorpions overnight, only to put them in the sun the next day and watch them thaw out and walk away. But there is one thing scorpions have a difficult time living without\u2014soil. They are burrowing animals, so in areas of permafrost or heavy grasses, where loose soil is not available, scorpions may not be able to survive.[DOC] [TLE] UF/IFAS Okeechobee Extension Service UF/IFAS Okeechobee Extension Service [PAR] Female Florida Bark Scorpion with nymphs - called scorplings. Photo: (C) Robert Lamb [PAR] [PAR] Yes, Virginia, Florida has scorpions. However, according to University of Florida Extension Entomologists, none of them are able to produce a fatal sting. Most folks would view these occasional invaders as a nuisance, and want to know how to control them. [PAR] In Florida, encounters with life-threatening non-native scorpions are possible only in the movies or as a result of stowaways or released exotic pets. Of 90 US scorpion species, only four occur east of the Mississippi River. And, only one of the 90 domestic scorpions, which usually live in the southwest, can kill people. There are about 1,300 species of scorpions worldwide. [PAR] Scorpions vary in size from one to four inches long. These crab-like animals are dark brown, have a broad flattened body. Like all arachnids, they have only eight legs. In front of these true legs are the appendages with the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdpinchers\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, the pedipalpi, or palps for short. These have the claw-like pincers which are used to hold their prey. [PAR] Their most noticeable feature is their curled fleshy tail. It is usually held over their body. It ends in an enlarged upturned tip that ends in a stinger. The sting is used for defense as well as for capturing prey. [PAR] Scorpion venom is a nerve poison, but the dose injected usually is not enough to kill adults. While no Florida scorpions are capable of inflicting a lethal sting, those that have had scorpion stings report that it is very painful, probably more so than a wasp sting. [PAR] Scorpions rarely sting humans except when pinned against the skin, such"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Valerian \u2014 Health Professional Fact Sheet Valerian \u2014 Health Professional Fact Sheet [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Key points [PAR] This fact sheet provides an overview of the use of valerian for insomnia and other sleep disorders and contains the following key information: [PAR] Valerian is an herb sold as a dietary supplement in the United States. [PAR] Valerian is a common ingredient in products promoted as mild sedatives and sleep aids for nervous tension and insomnia. [PAR] Evidence from clinical studies of the efficacy of valerian in treating sleep disorders such as insomnia is inconclusive. [PAR] Constituents of valerian have been shown to have sedative effects in animals, but there is no scientific agreement on valerian's mechanisms of action . [PAR] Although few adverse events have been reported, long-term safety data are not available. [PAR] What is valerian? [PAR] Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), a member of the Valerianaceae family, is a perennial plant native to Europe and Asia and naturalized in North America [ 1 ]. It has a distinctive odor that many find unpleasant [ 2 , 3 ]. Other names include setwall (English), Valerianae radix (Latin), Baldrianwurzel (German), and phu (Greek). The genus Valerian includes over 250 species , but V. officinalis is the species most often used in the United States and Europe and is the only species discussed in this fact sheet [ 3 , 4 ]. [PAR] What are common valerian preparations? [PAR] Preparations of valerian marketed as dietary supplements are made from its roots, rhizomes (underground stems), and stolons (horizontal stems). Dried roots are prepared as teas or tinctures , and dried plant materials and extracts are put into capsules or incorporated into tablets [ 5 ]. [PAR] There is no scientific agreement as to the active constituents of valerian, and its activity may result from interactions among multiple constituents rather than any one compound or class of compounds [ 6 ]. The content of volatile oils , including valerenic acids ; the less volatile sesquiterpenes ; or the valepotriates ( esters of short-chain fatty acids ) is sometimes used to standardize valerian extracts. As with most herbal preparations, many other compounds are also present. [PAR] Valerian is sometimes combined with other botanicals [ 5 ]. Because this fact sheet focuses on valerian as a single ingredient, only clinical studies evaluating valerian as a single agent are included. [PAR] What are the historical uses of valerian? [PAR] Valerian has been used as a medicinal herb since at least the time of ancient Greece and Rome. Its therapeutic uses were described by Hippocrates, and in the 2nd century, Galen prescribed valerian for insomnia [ 5 , 7 ]. In the 16th century, it was used to treat nervousness, trembling, headaches, and heart palpitations [ 8 ]. In the mid-19th century, valerian was considered a stimulant that caused some of the same complaints it is thought to treat and was generally held in low esteem as a medicinal herb [ 2 ]. During World War II, it was used in England to relieve the stress of air raids [ 9 ]. [PAR] In addition to sleep disorders, valerian has been used for gastrointestinal spasms and distress , epileptic seizures, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . However, scientific evidence is not sufficient to support the use of valerian for these conditions [ 10 ]. [PAR] What clinical studies have been done on valerian and sleep disorders? [PAR] In a systematic review of the scientific literature , nine randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind clinical trials of valerian and sleep disorders were identified and evaluated for evidence of efficacy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Open Door Web Site : Biology : How Plants Breathe ... The Open Door Web Site : Biology : How Plants Breathe : The Differences in the Exchange of Gases between Plant Respiration and Photosynthesis [PAR] Remember that a green plant respires all the time, day and night. [PAR] A green plant photosynthesizes only in the presence of sunlight. [PAR] [PAR] All parts of the plant respire, the leaves, the stem, the roots and even the flowers. The parts above the soil get their oxygen directly from the air through pores. The pores in the leaves are called stomata (singular: stoma). The pores in the branches of trees are called lenticels. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The drawing shows a leaf of a ficus plant. A small part of the underside of the leaf has been magnified to show the stomata. The average number of stomata per mm2 of leaf is around 300. The smallest number is found on Tradescantia leaves which have 14 per mm2 . The highest number of stomata is found on the leaves of the Spanish oak tree. Here there are around 1200 per mm2 . [PAR] The roots of a plant also need oxygen which they obtain from the air spaces in the soil. If you give too much water to a plant in a pot you could kill the roots by drowning them! Plants, such as rice, which normally grow in wet soil often have air spaces in their roots. This is so that they can carry air from the atmosphere down to the root tips to be able to respire under water. [PAR] [PAR] The Open Door Web Site is non-profit making. Your donations help towards the cost of maintaining this free service on-line. [PAR] Donate to the Open Door Web Site using PayPal [PAR] \u00a9 The Open Door Team 2017 [PAR] Any questions or problems regarding this site should be addressed to the webmaster [PAR] \u00a9 Paul Billiet and Shirley Burchill 2017"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Are Rhubarb Leaves Poisonous? Make a Natural Insecticide ... Are Rhubarb Leaves Poisonous? Make a Natural Insecticide with the Leaves. [PAR] Many visitors ask, \" Can rhubarb leaves be composted? \" [PAR] It would stand to reason that if the leaves are poisonous, then adding them to compost would be a concern. [PAR] However, since the oxalic acid is broken down, diluted and pH balanced quite quickly, this is not a concern. [PAR] Since humans and animals do not normally ingest matter from a compost, rhubarb leaves should be able to be added safely to the compost. [PAR] Go here for more information and tips for composting rhubarb leaves. [PAR] Interestingly, the leaves of rhubarb can be used to make a natural insecticide. [PAR] If you have a large rhubarb patch, you may be interested in making this natural insecticide using the leaves after picking your rhubarb. [PAR] A Recipe for Natural Insecticide Using Rhubarb Leaves [PAR] Boil 500 grams of rhubarb leaves in a few pints of water for about 20 minutes. [PAR] Allow leaf mixture to cool. [PAR] Strain the liquid into a CHILD PROOF/SAFE suitable container. [PAR] Add a tiny bit of dish detergent or soap flakes, (not laundry detergent). [PAR] Using a spray bottle, spray on leaves to kill off bugs such as aphids and spider mites, June bugs, and fungus diseases. [PAR] *NOTE - DO NOT spray this product on ANYTHING edible. Rhubarb leaves contain high amounts of oxalic acid, and are poisonous, and could cause death. [PAR] If you are interested in more recipes to make simple homemade Natural Pesticides and Insecticides, Go here [PAR] Here are additional pages within this website that provide helpful information about growing rhubarb in the home garden (or use the website's navigation bars):"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FUNGAL PARASITES OF PLANTS - New Brunswick Museum Fungal parasites of plants [PAR] Home >> Where fungi grow >> Parasites >> Fungal parasites of plants [PAR] FUNGAL PARASITES OF PLANTS [PAR] The study of plant disease, plant pathology, is a large and important one. Many universities have entire departments of plant pathology. The importance of the subject is obvious; since the beginning of agriculture humans have had to endure major crop losses because of disease. Even today, when crop health is under careful scrutiny, disease may suddenly strike and ruin an entire season's growth. It happens every year in some part of the globe, even in so-called developed nations. [PAR] Most plant diseases are caused by fungi; losses to bacteria and viruses are important, but less so than those caused by fungi. A great diversity of fungi cause plant disease, nearly all major groups are involved. In spite of these numbers there are just two types of parasite to consider: nectrotrophs and biotrophs. Necrotrophs are a little like predators; they kill the tissues they are about to consume before they eat them. Unlike predators, however, they don't normally kill the whole organism, just a part of it. They do this by means of toxins that diffuse out into the host tissues, killing the cells they encounter. The fungus then extends its hyphae into these killed areas and digests them. Biotrophs obtain their nutrition from living cells with which they may establish fairly long-lived associations. They usually penetrate the cell walls of their hosts and establish contact with the cell membrane by means of haustoria, cells specialized for the absorption of nutrients. [PAR] Plants do not just accept parasitic fungi. They have a large array of defense mechanisms that guard against fungal disease so that most fungi cannot get in. These defenses include physical barriers like the tough cuticle lining the surfaces of plants or the bark on trees. Chemical barriers including various toxins and strong oxidizers may be utilized. Fungi in their turn have developed ways of circumventing these defenses and seem to be able to develop new ones as soon as the plant confronts them. Some scientists have referred to this as a biological arms race. Plants differ greatly from one another in how they resist disease. [PAR] NECROTROPHS [PAR] The plants in the photo at left are mainly blueberries but if you look closely you will also see chokeberries, raspberries and perhaps some other species. All are common in New Brunswick and are frequently infected by fungi. In this example the leaves are riddled with dead spots brought about by necrotrophic plant parasites. These range from small dark spots to larger dead areas, often ringed by discoloured dying zones. The fungi are within the spots, releasing toxins that kill the leaf cells and then spreading out into the killed areas. [PAR] Necrotrophic parasites are not always easy to characterize. At times such infections may be caused by biotrophic parasites that make such large nutritional demands on their host that they kill parts of it and thus resemble a necrotroph. However, biotrophs do not produce lethal toxins and they do not feed on dead tissues. [PAR] BIOTROPHS [PAR] Because they do not produce toxins biotrophs may have longer and less damaging relationships with their hosts. In the figure at right the rust fungus Chrysomyxa ledi has formed several sites of sporulation on the underside of a leaf of Labrador tea. These areas of sporulation are confined within zones defined by veins. No yellowing or senescence of the host leaf due to this infection is visible although there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] moss & fern notes b1 - Biology Junction moss & fern notes b1 [PAR] The haploid gametophyte stage contains half the chromosome number & produces gametes (egg & sperm) [PAR] Gametophyte stage is dominant in the moss's life cycle [PAR] Gametophytes are photosynthetic & have root-like rhizoids [PAR] The diploid sporophyte has a complete set of chromosomes & produces spores by meiosis [PAR] Sporophyte of a moss is smaller than, & attached to the Gametophyte [PAR] Sporophytes lack chlorophyll & depend on the photosynthetic gametophyte for food [PAR] Sporophyte has a long, slender stalk topped with a capsule [PAR] Capsule forms haploid (n) spores [PAR] Moss Capsules [PAR] Sexual Reproduction in Moss: [PAR] Mosses produce 2 kinds of gametes (egg & sperm) [PAR] Gametes of Bryophytes are surrounded by a jacket of sterile cells that keep the cells from drying out [PAR] Female gametes or eggs are larger with more cytoplasm & are immobile [PAR] Flagellated sperm must swim to the egg through water droplets for fertilization [PAR] Moss gametes form in separate reproductive structures on the Gametophyte --- Archegonium & Antheridium [PAR] Archegonium [PAR] Each Archegonium forms one egg, but each Antheridium forms many sperm [PAR] Fertilization can occur only after rain when the Gametophyte is covered with water [PAR] Sperms swim to the egg by following a chemical trail released by the egg [PAR] A zygote (fertilized egg) forms that undergoes mitosis and becomes a Sporophyte [PAR] Cells inside mature Sporophyte capsule undergoes meiosis and form haploid spores [PAR] Haploid spores germinate into juvenile plants called protonema [PAR] Protonema begin the Gametophyte generation [PAR] Protonema [PAR] Spores are carried by wind & sprout on moist soil forming a new Gametophyte [PAR] Asexual reproduction in Mosses: [PAR] Asexual reproduction in moss may occur by fragmentation or gemmae [PAR] Pieces of a Gametophyte can break off & form new moss plants (fragmentation) [PAR] Gemmae are tiny, cup shaped structures on the Gametophytes [PAR] Raindrops separate gemmae from the parent plant so they can spread & form new Gametophytes [PAR] Gemmae cups [PAR] Serve as pioneer plants on bare rock or ground [PAR] Help prevent erosion [PAR] Alternates between dominant Sporophyte stage & Gametophyte stage [PAR] Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems, & leaves [PAR] Produce spores on the underside of leaves [PAR] Leaves are called fronds & are attached by a stem-like petiole [PAR] FERNS [PAR] Spores produced on underside of fronds in clusters of sporangia called sori [PAR] Spores undergo meiosis, are spread by wind, & germinate on moist soil to form prothallus [PAR] Prothallus begins the Gametophyte stage [PAR] Mature Gametophytes are small, heart-shaped structures that live only a short time [PAR] Male antheridia & female archegonia grow on the prothalli [PAR] Sperm must swim to the egg to fertilize it & developing embryo becomes the Sporophyte generation [PAR] Newly forming fronds are called fiddleheads & uncurl [PAR] Uses for Ferns:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mother of Pearl Bracelet | zen jewelz Mother of Pearl Bracelet | zen jewelz [PAR] zen jewelz \u2013 Mother of Pearl Bracelet [PAR] MOTHER OF PEARL BRACELET: [PAR] BLISS/ BEAUTY/ COMFORT & MORE! [PAR] Mother of Pearl bracelet: Mother of Pearl gets its name from the fact that it is the iridescent lining of shell, where pearls can grow. Shells are related significantly to the ocean, because they have been part of it for many years. The ocean brings feelings of well-being and relaxation, it arouses all of our senses. Wearing Mother of Pearl connects you to beauty, provides comfort, caring, delight, gentleness, love, peacefulness and solace. It is said to attract prosperity. It is used to heighten intuition, psychic sensitivity and imagination. It is said to protect from negative influence and transmute negative energy. Mother of Pearl tends to be highly protective and a particularly potent stone of protection for children. It also is known to purify environments. [PAR] Mother of Pearl can bring harmony in relationships [PAR] It can be especially useful for handling and calming emotional situations and be very soothing to the emotions. Wearing Mother of Pearl healing crystal when working through an emotional situation with someone is said to be beneficial and promotes cooperation. It can assist with the easy flow of feelings and sensitivities to others. It can bring harmony in relationships. It is connected with family, in particular motherhood, which gives it the name \u201cthe mothering stone.\u201d [PAR] zen jewelz \u2013 Mother of Pearl [PAR] Mother of Pearl Bracelet: Physical Healing Properties [PAR] Mother of Pearl Bracelet: Crystal healing and folklore say that Mother of Pearl is helpful for high blood pressure, dizziness, improving vision, cataracts and wound healing. It can strengthen the immune system, muscle tissues and the heart. It is known to help with arthritis and joint disorders. It can relieve allergies, rashes and skin complaints. [PAR] What is Mother of Pearl? [PAR] Mother of pearl, also called nacre , is an iridescent layer of material that forms the shell lining of many mollusks . Pearl oysters and abalone are both sources of this substance, which is widely used as an inlay in jewelry, furniture, and musical instruments. Mother of pearl comes in several natural colors as seen here in cream and white. [PAR] Mother of Pearl Shell [PAR] Formation [PAR] Two substances, one mineral and the other organic, combine to create mother of pearl. Tiny hexagonal plates of aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate , are arranged in layers alternating with conchiolin, a flexible protein similar to silk that is secreted by the mollusk. Aragonite on its own is very brittle, but combined with the protein it forms a strong, flexible material that can withstand hard use. [PAR] The mollusk first of all secretes a layer of conchiolin. Aragonite crystals then form on this surface at numerous points, growing until they meet each other to form tiny plates. A further layer of protein is then deposited and so on, so that over time, many layers build up. [PAR] The resilience of pearls comes from its layered structure and the contrast in properties between the mineral and organic layers. The aragonite consists if hard, brittle crystals, while the organic protein layers are a natural polymer that is flexible and resistant to fracture. The aragonite gives relative rigidity to the material and the protein counteracts the brittleness of the aragonite by preventing the spread of fractures. The result is a natural product that is tough and resilient. Mother of pearl has a hardness of about 3.5 on Moh\u2019s scale. This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Archaeopteryx - CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation ... Archaeopteryx - CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science [PAR] Archaeopteryx [PAR] Binomial Name [PAR] Archaeopteryx lithographica [PAR] Archaeopteryx is an extinct bird that evolutionists argue possesses some reptilian-like features causing it to be classified as a evolutionary transitional form , and is considered the first of the so called feathered dinosaurs . It has been associated, geologically with the late Jurassic and dated by radiometric dating methods at 150 million years. According to the U.S. National Park Service (Dinosaur National Monument): [PAR] \u201c [PAR] Fossils of Archaeopteryx, a little animal that lived in the middle of dinosaur times, do show traces of feathers, so it has often been called the first bird. But the skeleton of Archaeopteryx looks almost exactly like that of a small meat-eating dinosaur, right down to its tiny sharp teeth. So what was it- -a bird or a dinosaur? Some scientists think that Archaeopteryx was both: a warm-blooded, feathered dinosaur that became the ancestor of the birds. [1] [PAR] \u201d [PAR] 6 See Also [PAR] Morphology [PAR] Archaeopteryx was a fully flying and perching bird (though it has an unfused spine, no bill, a reptilian skull, adult teeth, no reptilian snout and bony tail, features seen in no modern bird). Jonathan Sarfati speaks to its bird morphology. [PAR] \u201c [PAR] Archaeopteryx had fully-formed flying feathers (including asymmetric vanes and ventral, reinforcing furrows as in modern flying birds), the classical elliptical wings of modern woodland birds, and a large wishbone for attachment of muscles responsible for the down stroke of the wings. Its brain was essentially that of a flying bird, with a large cerebellum and visual cortex. The fact that it had teeth is irrelevant to its alleged transitional status\u2014a number of extinct birds had teeth, while many reptiles do not. Furthermore, like other birds, both its maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) moved. In most vertebrates, including reptiles, only the mandible moves. Finally, Archaeopteryx skeletons had pneumatized vertebrae and pelvis. This indicates the presence of both a cervical and abdominal air sac, i.e., at least two of the five sacs present in modern birds. This in turn indicates that the unique avian lung design was already present in what most evolutionists claim is the earliest bird. [2] [PAR] \u201d [PAR] Avian features [PAR] Feathers are present. No other modern animals except birds have feathers. [PAR] Archaeopteryx had an opposable hallux (big toe). It is a character of birds and not dinosaurs. A reverse toe is however found in theropod dinosaurs and some other dinosaurs. [PAR] Furcula (wishbone) formed of two clavicles fused together in the midline. [PAR] Publis elongate and direct backwards. [PAR] Bones are pneumatic. [PAR] Premaxilla and maxilla are not horn-covered (or bills are not present). [PAR] Trunk region and vertebrae are fused. But in other birds they are always fused. [PAR] Necks are attached to skull from the rear as in dinosaurs, not from below as in modern birds. [PAR] Archaeopteryx had a long bony tail. [PAR] Archaeopteryx had teeth. [PAR] Nasal opening are far forward and are separated from the eye by a large preorbital fenestra (hole). This is typical of reptiles, but not of birds. Fenestra when present in birds when present is greatly reduced, and is involved in prokinesis (movement of the beak). [PAR] Recent discoveries seem to have shown that there are enough similarities between Archaeopteryx and Dromaeosaur that they can be considered varieties of the same created kind . This includes evidence from Dromaeosaur's feathers that it could fly. Archaeopteryx is dated as 20 million years"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tapping Trees for Natural Rubber - How Rubber Works ... Tapping Trees for Natural Rubber - How Rubber Works | HowStuffWorks [PAR] Tapping Trees for Natural Rubber [PAR] Bryn Campbell/ Getty Images [PAR] \u00adThe Mesoamerican peoples, such as the Mayans and the Aztecs , first tapped rubber from one of several trees found in Central and South America: [PAR] Hevea braziliensis: the most common commercial rubber tree from Brazil [PAR] Hevea guyanensis: originally found in French Guyana [PAR] Castilla elastica: sometimes called the Mexican rubber tree or the Panama rubber tree [PAR] Explorers and colonists brought samples of these trees when they headed back to Europe . Eventually, seeds from these trees were transported to rubber plantations in other tropical climates during the era of European colonialism. [PAR] Up Next [PAR] Currently, most natural rubber comes from Latin American-derived trees transplanted to Southeast Asia ( Thailand , Indonesia , Malaysia ), as w\u00adell as India , Sri Lanka and Africa . In these areas, you can find other rubber-producing trees including: [PAR] Ficus elastica: found in Java and Malaysia. This species is also a common tropical houseplant. [PAR] Funtumia elastica: grows in West Africa [PAR] Landolphia owariensis located in the Congo basin [PAR] Of all of these trees, the best rubber-producing tree is H. braziliensis. [PAR] It takes about six years for a rubber tree to grow to a point where it's economical to harvest the sap, which is called latex. Here's how you tap one: The collector makes a thin, diagonal cut to remove a sliver of bark. The milky-white latex fluid runs out of the bark, much as blood would run out of a small superficial wound on your skin. The fluid runs down the cut and is collected in a bucket. After about six hours, the fluid stops flowing. In that six-hour period, a tree can usually fill a gallon bucket. The tree can be tapped again with another fresh cut, usually the next day. [PAR] The Mesoamericans would dry the collected rubber latex and make balls and other things, like shoes. They would dip their feet in the latex and allow it to dry. After several dips and dryings, they could peel a shoe from their feet. Next, they smoked their new rubber shoes to harden them. The Mesoamericans also waterproofed fabrics by coating them with latex and allowing it to dry. This process was used to make rubber items until around the 1800s. [PAR] Columbus brought back rubber balls with him upon returning from his second voyage to the New World, and in the early 1700s, rubber samples and trees were brought back to Europe. At that time, rubber was still a novelty. Rubber made in the Mesoamerican way resembled a pencil eraser. It was soft and pliable. In 1770, the chemist Joseph Priestley was the first to use rubber to erase lead marks. He coined the word \"rubber\" because he could remove the lead marks by rubbing the material on them. [PAR] While it was useful for waterproofing fabrics and making homemade shoes, rubber had its problems. You can see these problems for yourself with a simple rubber pencil eraser. Take that eraser and place it under intense heat for several minutes. What do you see? The eraser should get very soft and sticky. Next, do the opposite -- place the eraser on ice or in a freezer for several minutes. What do you see? The eraser should get hard and brittle. The same thing happened to early rubber. Imagine what it would be like to walk around in your rubber shoes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bergamot oil (Citrus bergamia) - information on the origin ... Bergamot oil (Citrus bergamia) - information on the origin, source, extraction method, chemical composition, therapeutic properties and uses. [PAR] Go to shopping cart at bottom of page [PAR] This fresh smelling essential oil is a favorite in aromatherapy and is great for creating a more relaxed and happy feeling, relieving urinary tract infections, boosting the liver, spleen and stomach, while fighting oily skin, acne, psoriasis, eczema, as well as cold sores. [PAR] Oil properties [PAR] The scent of the oil is basically citrus, yet fruity and sweet, with a warm spicy floral quality and is reminiscent of neroli as well as lavender oil. The color ranges from green to greenish-yellow and the oil has a watery viscosity. [PAR] Origin of bergamot oil [PAR] This tree is native to South East Asia, but was introduced to Europe, and particularly Italy and is also found in the Ivory Coast, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. [PAR] Bergamot oil is made from a tree that can grow up to four meters high, with star-shaped flowers and smooth leaves, bearing citrus fruit resembling a cross between an orange and a grapefruit, but in a pear-shape. The fruit ripens from green to yellow. [PAR] The oil is one of the most widely used in the perfumery and toiletry industry and forms, together with neroli and lavender, the main ingredient for the classical 4711 Eau-de-cologne fragrance. It is used to flavor Earl Grey tea. [PAR] The name is derived from the city Bergamo in Lombardy, Italy, where the oil was first sold. [PAR] Summary [PAR] When you are looking for an oil to help with depression, SAD (Seasonal Affected Disorder) or generally feeling just a bit off, lacking in self-confidence or feeling shy, then consider bergamot oil. It also has superb antiseptic qualities that are useful for skin complaints, such as acne, oily skin conditions, eczema and psoriasis and can also be used on cold sores, chicken pox and wounds. [PAR] It has a powerful effect on stimulating the liver, stomach and spleen and has a superb antiseptic effect on urinary tract infections and inflammations such as cystitis. [PAR] Burners and vaporizers [PAR] In vapor therapy, bergamot oil can be used for depression, feeling fed-up, respiratory problems, colds and flu, PMS and SAD. [PAR] Blended massage oil or in the bath [PAR] It can be used in a blended massage oil, or diluted in a bath to assist with stress, tension, SAD, PMS, skin problems, compulsive eating, postnatal depression, colds and flu, anxiety, depression, feeling fed-up and anorexia nervosa. [PAR] Blended in base cream [PAR] As a constituent in a blended base cream bergamot oil can be used for wounds and cuts, psoriasis, oily skin, scabies, eczema, acne, cold sores as well as chicken pox. [PAR] Bergamot blends well with [PAR] Although essential oils blend well with one another, bergamot oil goes particularly well with other essential oils such as black pepper , clary sage , cypress , frankincense , geranium , jasmine , mandarin , nutmeg , orange , rosemary , sandalwood , vetiver and ylang-ylang . [PAR] [PAR] US$ 14.50 for 10 ml ( worldwide postage included ) [PAR] To shop, click on the \"Add to shopping cart\" button above, which will add the item to your cart, where we accept Visa, MasterCard, Amex and Diners credit cards. [PAR] After you have selected an item, other items can also be added to the cart. All products are accessible from the product catalogue , or from the list below. [PAR] When you are ready to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr Bach's system of 38 flower remedies Dr Bach's system of 38 flower remedies [PAR] Contact us if you have a specific question and can't find an answer on the site. [PAR] Guide to the remedies [PAR] Each of the 38 remedies discovered by Dr Bach is directed at a particular characteristic or emotional state. To select the remedies you need, think about the sort of person you are and the way you are feeling. [PAR] For more information on each remedy in this list click the relevant link. It might help to read some case studies first to see how they work. [PAR] Agrimony - mental torture behind a cheerful face [PAR] Aspen - fear of unknown things"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bow woods - Poor Folk Bows Bow woods [PAR] Bow building for poor people and apartment dwellers [PAR] Brought to you by: SAM HARPER [PAR] Home | Update Archives | Other bow building sites | Thanks to all who helped me | Gallery | Youtube Channel [PAR] Bow woods [PAR] There are bow woods I've tried and bow woods I haven't tried. This is a list of bow woods (and grass in the case of bamboo) I've tried or heard a lot about. I'm only considering limb wood material, not handle wood material. Don't limit yourself, though. People are trying new things all the time. [PAR] Red oak [PAR] The great thing about red oak is that it's easy to find and it's cheap. It's ideal for somebody who is just starting out. Just about every Home Depot or Lowes I've been to has it. They sell it in the perfect size, too. It comes in a 72\" long board they call a 1x2, which is actually 3/4 x 1-1/2. Red oak is very porous, and most of the pores are in the early growth rings, so it's important to find a piece with thick late growth rings or else it will seem brittle. Those boards will feel heavier. If you find a board with very straight grain, you don't necessarily need to back it, but it's a good idea to back any board bow. [PAR] Bamboo [PAR] The wonderful thing about bamboo is that you're guaranteed to have straight grain. Bamboo bows rarely fail if done right. Some people call bamboo nature's fiberglass. It's great bow material, and it's cheap. Bamboo comes in different forms\ufffdraw bamboo and bamboo flooring boards. [PAR] If you get the flooring boards, be sure to get vertical grain. The horizontal grain will come apart. Bamboo flooring makes a great bow if backed with raw bamboo. All bamboo bows are my personal favourite. They're quieter than any other bow I've made, and there's just something about the way they feel when you draw them and shoot them that's hard to describe. There's a smoothness about them. The only bad thing I have to say about bamboo bows is that they take a lot of set. It's a good idea to put a lot of reflex in the bow at glue-up if you want to have any left after tillering. [PAR] Vertical grain flooring boards can also be cut into laminations. People sometimes refer to it as \"action boo.\" It's ideal in the core of a fiberglass bow, because it's light and strong. [PAR] Raw bamboo is just a slice of a solid piece of bamboo with the nodes still intact. It makes a great backing to almost any kind of bow. Bamboo is very strong in tinsel strength, so it needs to be very thin to avoid overpowering the belly wood. Some woods that are good with raw bamboo backing include osage, yew, ipe, and bamboo, because they can withstand the compression forces. [PAR] Hickory [PAR] Hickory is popular for backing bows. Like bamboo, it's very strong in tinsel strength, so it needs to be thin. It's not quite as strong in compression strength. It makes a good self bow, too. I haven't made a self bow out of it, but from what I've read, it's almost impossible to break. Some people question its durability, though. Apparently, it takes a lot of set over time and becomes sluggish. I think this may be due to the fact that hickory sucks up a lot of moisture from the atmosphere. It needs to be a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Geographic - Domestic Dogs Domestic Dogs, Domestic Dog Pictures, Domestic Dog Facts - National Geographic [PAR] Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man [PAR] Please add a \"relative\" entry to your dictionary. [PAR] Dogs were probably the first tame animals. They have accompanied humans for some 10,000 years. Some scientists assert that all dogs, domestic and wild, share a common ancestor in the small South Asian wolf. [PAR] Today humans have bred hundreds of different domestic dog breeds\u2014some of which could never survive in the wild. Despite their many shapes and sizes all domestic dogs, from Newfoundlands to pugs, are members of the same species\u2014Canis familiaris. Although they have domestic temperaments, these dogs are related to wolves, foxes, and jackals. [PAR] Domestic dogs still share many behaviors with their wild relatives. Both defend their territories and mark them by urinating on trees, rocks, fence posts, and other suitable sites. These scent posts serve notice to other dogs that an animal is occupying its territory. [PAR] Many pet dogs also bury bones or favorite toys for future use, just as their wild relatives sometimes bury a kill to secure the meat for later feasts. [PAR] Dogs communicate in several ways. Scent is one method, another is physical appearance. Body position, movement, and facial expression often convey a strong message. Many of these signals are recognizable even to humans, such as the excited tail-wagging of a happy dog or the bared teeth of an angry or threatened animal. Vocally, dogs communicate with a cacophony of sounds including barks, growls, and whines. [PAR] Domestic dogs serve as more than companions; many earn their keep by working hard. Dogs herd livestock, aid hunters, guard homes, and perform police and rescue work. Some special animals even guide the blind\u2014a poignant symbol of the dog's longstanding role as man's best friend."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barnacle (Cirripedia) - Animals - A-Z Animals - Animal ... Barnacle (Cirripedia) - Animals - A-Z Animals [PAR] Characteristics unique to the animal [PAR] Latch on to hard surfaces and shell made up from plates [PAR] Barnacle Location [PAR] Barnacle [PAR] The barnacle is a hardy animal that is found in or very closely to sea water. Although it is frequently confused for a mollusc because of its hard outer shell, it is actually a crustacean, closely related to crabs and lobsters. [PAR] Barnacles are most often seen as roughly circular sessile invertebrates (which means that they cannot move on their own), and are permanently attached to the substrate they live on. In their juvenile form they are free-floating, but eventually they attach themselves to any nearby rock, shell, or other object and stay there for the rest of their lives. Their shells are composed of calcite. [PAR] Barnacles are often seen on crabs , whales, boats, rocks and on the shells of sea turtles . Although some species of barnacle are parasitic, most barnacle species are harmless, because they are filter feeders and do not interfere with an animal's normal diet and do not harm that animal that they live on in any way. Many species of barnacle are so harmless that in fact, an animal that is covered in them, may not even notice! [PAR] There are more than 1,000 known species of barnacle that inhabit shallow and tidal waters around the world. Although many species of barnacle are very small, some can grow to as large as 7cm and even bigger barnacles can often be seen. Barnacles typically live for between 5 and 10 years, but some of the larger species are known to be much older. [PAR] Barnacles attach themselves to animals when they are very young and in the larvae stage of their lives. Once the baby barnacle has effectively glued itself to something hard, a thin layer of flesh wraps around the barnacle and an outer shell is produced. Once the barnacle has an outer shell, it is protected from the elements and all kinds of predators . As soon as the baby barnacle has fixed itself onto something, it is generally there for the rest of it's life. [PAR] Barnacles are filter feeders (also known as suspension feeders) that feed on food particles that they strain out of the water. The shell of the barnacle is made up of a number of plates (usually 6), with feathery leg-like appendages that draw water into their shell so that they can feed. [PAR] Barnacles have numerous predators , particularly when they are babies and floating around in the water looking for something to attach themselves to. As the barnacle larvae are so tiny, they float around with the plankton in the water. Once the barnacle is older and has it's tough outer shell, few predators can actually eat it. Humans are known to eat goose barnacles (the only edible species of barnacle) in parts of Europe like Spain and Portugal. [PAR] Most species of barnacles are hermaphroditic which means that they have both male and female reproductive organs . Although it is possible for barnacles to self-fertilise their eggs, it seems to be very rare so the eggs produced by one barnacle are usually fertilised by another barnacle . It takes more than 6 months for the barnacle larvae to start developing into the hardier adult barnacles. [PAR] Barnacles are thought to be one of the oldest surviving creatures on the planet as they are believed to date back millions of years. Although"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Machiavelli, Comedian | The Public Domain Review Machiavelli, Comedian | The Public Domain Review [PAR] ..or BROWSE BY TAG [PAR] Machiavelli, Comedian [PAR] Most familiar today as the godfather of Realpolitik and as the eponym for all things cunning and devious, the Renaissance thinker Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli also had a lighter side, writing as he did a number of comedies. Christopher S. Celenza looks at perhaps the best known of these plays, Mandragola, and explores what it can teach us about the man and his world. [PAR] Illustration of Machiavelli featured in the title page to Historie di Nicolo Machiavegli cittadino & secretario fiorentino (1540) \u2013 Source . [PAR] \u201cComedian\u201d, admittedly, isn\u2019t the first word you associate with Machiavelli. And \u201cfunny\u201d is not a word normally applied to Lucretius. And yet, through some strange alchemy of time, circumstance, and the rhythms of Renaissance life, those seemingly discordant elements came together in a remarkable way. You could argue that Machiavelli\u2019s entire worldview was comic, but comic in a peculiar way: ironic, wry, a little melancholy, punctuated by an earthy vulgarity that, these days, would get him thrown off a university faculty in a minute. More than this, the central premises of what was funny have changed so significantly that it invites us to think about how comedy works and when it\u2019s time to say that a comedy, however venerable, just isn\u2019t funny anymore. [PAR] Take his play, Mandragola, or, in English, \u201cThe Mandrake Root.\u201d The odd title (and it would have been odd in Machiavelli\u2019s day, too) has to do with fertility. The plant appears in the Bible, in contexts where carnal knowledge is in question, like when Leah, one of Jacob\u2019s two wives, wants to convince him to lie with her (Gen. 30:14-16), or when, in the Song of Songs, a woman sings a song of her own seductiveness \u201cI am my beloved\u2019s, and his desire is toward me \u2026 The mandrakes give a smell, and at our gates are all manner of pleasant fruits \u2026.\u201d (Song of Songs, 7:10-13). If the lasting biblical associations of the plant had to do with love, the herb also had magical and spell-like connotations. It could be thought to induce a great and powerful sleep, and in some accounts was even thought to cry out when pulled from the earth. [PAR] Image from Ibn Butlan\u2019s 14th-century Tacuinum sanitatis in Medicina, portraying a favoured medieval method \u2013 using a dog and string \u2013 for safely extracting a mandrake without enduring its shrieks \u2013 Source . [PAR] Machiavelli\u2019s title enfolded many of these meanings. The play concerns a young man, Callimaco, who though Florentine in origin spent much of his youth in France. From clues in the play we learn he is about thirty years old and that the action is set in the year 1504. At a gathering of friends, all male of course, a debate breaks out over who has the more beautiful women, France or Italy. Though the debaters give the palm to French women, one of his Florentine friends says he has a relative, Lucrezia, whose beauty is unequalled anywhere. Callimaco becomes curious to the point of leaving France and going to Florence. There his curiosity escalates to passion, as he is all but driven mad by love after finally laying eyes on Lucrezia. [PAR] As it happens Lucrezia is married to a slow-witted lawyer named Messer Nicia. They have been trying unsuccessfully to have children. Ligurio \u2013 a matchmaker and, not coincidentally, a friend of Callimaco \u2013 suggests that the couple\u2019s troubles may allow Callimaco to get close to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Modern Theory of Evolution Modern Theory of Evolution [PAR] For those that love God's creation [PAR] Modern Theory of Evolution [PAR] There is a modern theory of evolution. There are some things we have learned over the last 150 years since Charles Darwin first proposed his theory of \"descent with modification.\" [PAR] Darwin's theory was amazingly accurate considering the state of scientific knowledge in 1859. [PAR] Darwin knew nothing of DNA or genes, backbones of the modern theory of evolution. He even leaned toward Lamarckism, the belief that traits developed during our lifetime would pass on to our children. [PAR] Nonetheless, The basics of Darwin's theory of evolution were exactly right and have passed every test with flying colors for 150 years: [PAR] My pages are prone to being a little long. I can't do you good service and make this page shorter. [PAR] A fast reader can read this page in under 3 minutes. If you want to skim it, I have highlighted portions that will allow you to get the gist of the page. [PAR] Nature's imperfect reproductive methods regularly produce mutations, so that there are always unique individuals. [PAR] Individuals which, as a result of those mutations, are better adapted to their environment will have more offspring, either because they survive more often or are better able to attract mates. [PAR] Those more suitable adaptations will be prone to spreading through an entire population. [PAR] Over time, as those adaptations accumulate, populations are modified into new species. [PAR] Given the immense amount of geologic time on this earth, this process, known as \"natural selection,\" has produced all life on the earth from one or a few parents. [PAR] This basic idea of descent with modification has been backed up on every front. Here, however, are some of the new things that we've learned over the last 150 years. [PAR] DNA: The Book of Life [PAR] The modern theory of evolution is able to speak much more clearly about how evolution happens due to the discovery of DNA, the genetic code that controls all natural life. [PAR] Charles Darwin was able to say: [PAR] Therefore I should infer from analogy that probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed. (On the Origin of Species, ch. 14) [PAR] Darwin had to base that on the following similarities between all living things: [PAR] Common chemical composition [PAR] Common germinal vesicle (this is a nucleus that is formed when a cell begins to split in two) [PAR] Common cellular structure [PAR] Common laws of growth and reproduction [PAR] As an example of these commonalities, he cited a common reaction to poisons, so that a gall-fly's secretions creates the same growth on a wild rose as it does on an oak tree (ibid.). [PAR] From the modern theory of evolution we know that the similarities are far more than he could have imagined. [PAR] Every living cell has a common code, the simple 4-letter code of DNA, that controls its growth and reproduction. Every human, every insect, every plant, and every bacteria consists of cells made of proteins that are coded for by DNA. [PAR] All DNA is transferable. Some viruses, which are not even cells but mere snippets of DNA, have even been assimilated into human DNA during our evolutionary history (see Wikipedia, \"Human Endogenous Retrovirus\" ). [PAR] Even more interestingly, today insulin for diabetics is produced by taking human DNA and putting it in bacteria or yeast cells so that they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemistry for Biologists: Photosynthesis Chemistry for Biologists: Photosynthesis [PAR] Leaves and leaf structure | The structure of the chloroplast and photosynthetic membranes | Stages of photosynthesis | Non-cyclic phosphorylation (the Z scheme) | Chemiosmosis and ATP synthesis | Cyclic phosphorylation | The light-independent reactions | Summary of stages of photosynthesis | Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis | Test your knowledge [PAR] Photosynthesis [PAR] Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular respiration. Oxygen is also formed. [PAR] Photosynthesis may be summarised by the word equation: [PAR] carbon dioxide + water [PAR] glucose + oxygen [PAR] The conversion of usable sunlight energy into chemical energy is associated with the action of the green pigment chlorophyll. [PAR] Chlorophyll is a complex molecule. Several modifications of chlorophyll occur among plants and other photosynthetic organisms. All photosynthetic organisms have chlorophyll a. Accessory pigments absorb energy that chlorophyll a does not absorb. Accessory pigments include chlorophyll b (also c, d, and e in algae and protistans), xanthophylls, and carotenoids (such as beta-carotene). Chlorophyll a absorbs its energy from the violet-blue and reddish orange-red wavelengths, and little from the intermediate (green-yellow-orange) wavelengths. [PAR] Chlorophyll - click on image to open [PAR] All chlorophylls have: [PAR] a lipid-soluble hydrocarbon tail (C20H39 -) [PAR] a flat hydrophilic head with a magnesium ion at its centre; different chlorophylls have different side-groups on the head [PAR] The tail and head are linked by an ester bond. [PAR] Leaves and leaf structure [PAR] Plants are the only photosynthetic organisms to have leaves (and not all plants have leaves). A leaf may be viewed as a solar collector crammed full of photosynthetic cells. [PAR] The raw materials of photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide, enter the cells of the leaf, and the products of photosynthesis, sugar and oxygen, leave the leaf. [PAR] Water enters the root and is transported up to the leaves through specialized plant cells known as xylem vessels. Land plants must guard against drying out and so have evolved specialized structures known as stomata to allow gas to enter and leave the leaf. Carbon dioxide cannot pass through the protective waxy layer covering the leaf (cuticle), but it can enter the leaf through the stoma (the singular of stomata), flanked by two guard cells. Likewise, oxygen produced during photosynthesis can only pass out of the leaf through the opened stomata. Unfortunately for the plant, while these gases are moving between the inside and outside of the leaf, a great deal of water is also lost. Cottonwood trees, for example, will lose 100 gallons (about 450 dm3) of water per hour during hot desert days. [PAR] The structure of the chloroplast and photosynthetic membranes [PAR] The thylakoid is the structural unit of photosynthesis. Both photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes have these flattened sacs/vesicles containing photosynthetic chemicals. Only eukaryotes have chloroplasts with a surrounding membrane. [PAR] Thylakoids are stacked like pancakes in stacks known collectively as grana. The areas between grana are referred to as stroma. While the mitochondrion has two membrane systems, the chloroplast has three, forming three compartments. [PAR] Structure of a chloroplast [PAR] Stages of photosynthesis [PAR] When chlorophyll a absorbs light energy, an electron gains energy and is 'excited'. The excited electron is transferred to another molecule (called a primary electron acceptor). The chlorophyll molecule is oxidized (loss of electron) and has a positive charge. Photoactivation of chlorophyll a results in the splitting of water"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wildlife Online - How We Classify Organisms HOW AND WHY WE CLASSIFY LIVING ORGANISMS [PAR] Content Updated: 20th July 2008 [PAR] Generally-speaking, we humans have a desire to label and categorize things \u2013 hands up those who keep their t-shirts in a separate drawer to their underwear and/or arrange them in order of most recently worn or colour. Coupled with our desire for order (some teenagers excluded!), is an equally strong desire to name things we\u2019ve sorted. The great Chinese thinker and philosopher K'ung Fu Tzu (better known by his Latin name: Confucius) is widely credited as being the source of the old Chinese proverb: \u201cThe beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right name.\u201d But, what\u2019s the point of naming things? Why go to the hassle of trying to give every novel object its own name? [PAR] We name objects because it makes our life easier. Let\u2019s say you\u2019re sitting on the sofa and you want your friend to pass the remote so you can see what else is on the TV \u2013 this process is rather difficult without names. A request like, \u201cPlease pass the thing on the thingy. I want to see what\u2019s on the whats-am-a-jig\u201d, is likely to meet with confusion. The request is easier for the other person to follow if things have names: \u201cPlease pass the remote on the coffee table. I want to see what\u2019s on the TV\u201d. Now, it\u2019s true that you might be able to gesticulate at your friend until he or she either gets the idea, or misinterprets and takes offence, but what if you can\u2019t see the person you need help from \u2013 charades doesn\u2019t help then. Imagine that you\u2019re sitting on the train going to work when you remember you forgot to get the pie out of the freezer to defrost in time for dinner; fortunately your partner has the day off and is at home. So, you phone up and ask \u201cCan you get the thing out of the thingy so it\u2019s thingy-ed in time for what\u2019s-its-name?\u201d Again, confusion reigns. Gesticulating won\u2019t help because the other person can\u2019t see you (although it might make a dull train ride more interesting for your fellow passengers!). The instructions can be followed when we insert the names: \u201cCan you get the pie out of the freezer so that it\u2019s defrosted in time for dinner?\u201d [PAR] So, the act of naming is a matter of convenience \u2013 whether the objects are pieces or furniture, bits of machinery, or animals we assign them names because it makes life a heck of a lot easier for us. We, for example, call a \u2018fish\u2019 with a cartilaginous skeleton and between five and seven pairs of gills a \u201cshark\u201d. This allows us to tell another person what animal we\u2019re looking at or talking about. The use of a name certainly helps, but not without problems. Telling someone that you went diving with sharks while on holiday is kinda like saying you went out for dinner with some primates; it\u2019s not quite as specific as we might want because there are lots of different \u2018types\u2019 of primates (and sharks). Consequently, to make our meaning as clear as possible, objects (be they animals, plants, bacteria, furniture, tools, etc.) are split into as narrow groups as possible and each group is given a name. [PAR] So, for example, the group of \u2018fish\u2019 we call sharks gets further split up into different types of sharks based largely on how they look (their \u201cmorphology\u201d), both internally (i.e. their skeleton, internal organs etc.) and externally (i.e. fins,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Human Physiology/Homeostasis - Wikibooks, open books for ... Human Physiology/Homeostasis - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Human Physiology/Homeostasis [PAR] This is the latest reviewed version , checked on 21 December 2016. (+) [PAR] Quality: minimal [PAR] Overview[ edit ] [PAR] The human organism consists of trillions of cells all working together for the maintenance of the entire organism. While cells may perform very different functions, all the cells are quite similar in their metabolic requirements. Maintaining a constant internal environment with all that the cells need to survive (oxygen, glucose, mineral ions, waste removal, and so forth) is necessary for the well-being of individual cells and the well-being of the entire body. The varied processes by which the body regulates its internal environment are collectively referred to as homeostasis. [PAR] What is Homeostasis?[ edit ] [PAR] Homeostasis in a general sense refers to stability or balance in a system. It is the body's attempt to maintain a constant internal environment. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring and adjustments as conditions change. This adjusting of physiological systems within the body is called homeostatic regulation. [PAR] Homeostatic regulation involves three parts or mechanisms: 1) the receptor, 2) the control center and 3) the effector. [PAR] The receptor receives information that something in the environment is changing. The control center or integration center receives and processes information from the receptor. And lastly, the effector responds to the commands of the control center by either opposing or enhancing the stimulus. This is an ongoing process that continually works to restore and maintain homeostasis. For example, in regulating body temperature there are temperature receptors in the skin, which communicate information to the brain, which is the control center, and the effector is our blood vessels and sweat glands in our skin. [PAR] Because the internal and external environments of the body are constantly changing and adjustments must be made continuously to stay at or near the set point, homeostasis can be thought of as a synthetic equilibrium. [PAR] Since homeostasis is an attempt to maintain the internal conditions of an environment by limiting fluctuations, it must involve a series of negative feedback loops. [PAR] Positive and Negative Feedback[ edit ] [PAR] When a change of variable occurs, there are two main types of feedback to which the system reacts: [PAR] Negative feedback: a reaction in which the system responds in such a way as to reverse the direction of change. Since this tends to keep things constant, it allows the maintenance of homeostasis. For instance, when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the human body increases, the lungs are signaled to increase their activity and expel more carbon dioxide. Thermoregulation is another example of negative feedback. When body temperature rises, receptors in the skin and the hypothalamus sense a change, triggering a command from the brain. This command, in turn, effects the correct response, in this case a decrease in body temperature. [PAR] Home Heating System Vs. Negative Feedback [PAR] When you are at home, you set your thermostat to a desired temperature. Let's say today you set it at 70 degrees. The thermometer in the thermostat waits to sense a temperature change either too high above or too far below the 70 degree set point. When this change happens the thermometer will send a message to to the \"Control Center\", or thermostat,which in turn will then send a message to the furnace to either shut off if the temperature is too high or kick back on if the temperature is too low. In the home-heating example the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Normal Regulation of Blood Glucose - EndocrineWeb Insulin Regulation of Blood Sugar and Diabetes - The Important Roles of Insulin and Glucagon: Diabetes and Hypoglycemia [PAR] Normal Regulation of Blood Glucose [PAR] The Important Roles of Insulin and Glucagon: Diabetes and Hypoglycemia [PAR] Written by James Norman MD, FACS, FACE [PAR] The human body wants blood glucose (blood sugar) maintained in a very narrow range. Insulin and glucagon are the hormones which make this happen. Both insulin and glucagon are secreted from the pancreas, and thus are referred to as pancreatic endocrine hormones. The picture on the left shows the intimate relationship both insulin and glucagon have to each other. Note that the pancreas serves as the central player in this scheme. It is the production of insulin and glucagon by the pancreas which ultimately determines if a patient has diabetes, hypoglycemia, or some other sugar problem. [PAR] In this Article [PAR] Insulin's Role in Blood Glucose Control [PAR] Insulin Basics: How Insulin Helps Control Blood Glucose Levels [PAR] Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by islet cells within the pancreas. They are both secreted in response to blood sugar levels, but in opposite fashion! [PAR] Insulin is normally secreted by the beta cells (a type of islet cell) of the pancreas. The stimulus for insulin secretion is a HIGH blood glucose...it's as simple as that! Although there is always a low level of insulin secreted by the pancreas, the amount secreted into the blood increases as the blood glucose rises. Similarly, as blood glucose falls, the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreatic islets goes down. [PAR] As can be seen in the picture, insulin has an effect on a number of cells, including muscle, red blood cells, and fat cells. In response to insulin, these cells absorb glucose out of the blood, having the net effect of lowering the high blood glucose levels into the normal range. [PAR] Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in much the same manner as insulin...except in the opposite direction. If blood glucose is high, then no glucagon is secreted. [PAR] When blood glucose goes LOW, however, (such as between meals, and during exercise) more and more glucagon is secreted. Like insulin, glucagon has an effect on many cells of the body, but most notably the liver. [PAR] The Role of Glucagon in Blood Glucose Control [PAR] The effect of glucagon is to make the liver release the glucose it has stored in its cells into the bloodstream, with the net effect of increasing blood glucose. Glucagon also induces the liver (and some other cells such as muscle) to make glucose out of building blocks obtained from other nutrients found in the body (eg, protein). [PAR] Our bodies desire blood glucose to be maintained between 70 mg/dl and 110 mg/dl (mg/dl means milligrams of glucose in 100 milliliters of blood). Below 70 is termed \"hypoglycemia.\" Above 110 can be normal if you have eaten within 2 to 3 hours. That is why your doctor wants to measure your blood glucose while you are fasting...it should be between 70 and 110. Even after you have eaten, however, your glucose should be below 180. Above 180 is termed \"hyperglycemia\" (which translates to mean \"too much glucose in the blood\"). If your 2 two blood sugar measurements above 200 after drinking a sugar-water drink (glucose tolerance test), then you are diagnosed with diabetes. [PAR] Updated on: 03/02/16[DOC] [TLE] Blood Sugar Regulation - Biology Encyclopedia - cells ... Blood Sugar Regulation - Biology Encyclopedia - cells, body, function, human, system,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Science of Human Tails - We come from the future. - io9 The science of human tails [PAR] The science of human tails [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Some hold with the theory that the development of an embryo shows the stages of evolution. In other words, what first develops is fishlike, and then like a small mammal, and then like a lemur or ape, and then something we would recognize as human. Very early embryos have what look like little gill slits in the beginning of their development. At about four weeks, embryos have a little tail. At around six to twelve weeks, the white blood cells dissolve the tail, and the fetus develops into an average, tail-less baby... most of the time, at least. Every now and again, we get a little extra bit of baby, in the form of a vestigial tail. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Not all things that look like tails - protrusions from the tailbone - actually are what doctors consider \"true\" tails. There are a number of growths or cysts that can form right on the tip of the tailbone. Some of the more unpleasant options are large tumors, elongation of the existing vertebrae, and even parasitic twin tissue. (A parasitic twin is not a fully-formed twin, but the product of another fertilized egg that somehow became fused with the embryo and never developed into a full human being.) True tails form when the white blood cells, for whatever reason, don't absorb all the tissue that formed during embryonic development. These babies carry the marks of humans earliest ancestors. [PAR] Because there are only between 20 and 30 cases of \"true\" vestigial tails since the late 1800s, there is some controversy about what such a tail contains. Some early accounts say that there are sometimes extra vertebrae in such tails. No modern tails have been found to have any bone tissue. They're mostly skin with fat, connective tissue, nerves, and muscle tissue. They can be just a stub, but some babies can be born with tails 13 centimeters long. The tails aren't strictly useless inert structures. Because they have muscle tissue inside, they can actually be twitched back and forth, or even contracted into curves. These days babies don't have their tails long enough to gain a lot of muscle control over them. Removing them is a simple operation, usually done not long after birth. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] What remains are questions of why these tails grow in the first place. They're rare enough that researchers aren't left with many clues. Researchers have, for the most part, ruled out family history - which throws the science of the X-Files episode I got the top image from right out the window. The tails are associated with spina bifida, a dangerous condition in which the canals of the spinal cord don't entire close before birth, but they are often present without the disorder. And for some reason they're twice in common in males as they are in females. In the end, no one knows why some babies just develop tails. (Besides, gills are much more practical.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Understanding Dreams and REM Sleep - Verywell Understanding Dreams and REM Sleep [PAR] Understanding Dreams and REM Sleep [PAR] Search the site [PAR] Updated August 02, 2016 [PAR] What are Dreams? [PAR] Dreams happen during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep . In a typical night, you dream for a total of 2 hours, broken up by the sleep cycle . Researchers do not know much about how we dream or why. They do know that newborns dream and that depriving rats of REM sleep greatly shortens their lives. Other mammals and birds also have REM sleep stages, but cold-blooded animals such as turtles, lizards and fish do not. [PAR] REM Sleep and Dreaming [PAR] REM sleep usually begins after a period of deep sleep known as stage 4 sleep. An area of the brain called the pons--where REM sleep signals originate--shuts off signals to the spinal cord . That causes the body to be immobile during REM sleep. When the pons doesn't shut down the spinal cord's signals, people will act out their dreams. This can be dangerous because acting out dreams without input from the senses can lead a person to run into walls, fall down stairs or worse. This condition is rare and different from more common sleepwalking and known as \u201cREM sleep behavior disorder.\u201d [PAR] The pons also sends signals to cerebral cortex by way of the thalamus (which is a filter and relay for sensory information and motor control functions deep in the brain). The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain involved with processing information (learning, thinking and organizing). The areas of the brain \u201cturned on\u201d during REM sleep seem to help learning and memory. [PAR] Infants spend almost 50 percent of their sleep time in REM sleep (compared to 20 percent for adults), which may be explained by the tremendous amount of learning in infancy. If people are taught various skills and then deprived of REM sleep, they often cannot remember what they were taught. [PAR] The Meaning of Dreams [PAR] Dreams may be one way that the brain consolidates memories. [PAR] The dream time could be a period when the brain can reorganize and review the day\u2019s events and connect new experiences to older ones. Because the body is shut down, the brain can do this without additional input coming in or risking the body \u201cacting out\u201d the day\u2019s memories. [PAR] Some researchers believe that dreams are more like a background \u201cnoise\u201d that is interpreted and organized. This theory states that dreams are merely the brain\u2019s attempt to make sense of random signals occurring during sleep. Some people have more control over their dreams than others. For these people, the last thoughts before going to bed may influence the content of a dream. [PAR] Of course, psychologists and most people look for greater meaning and insight in dreams. Here are some common dreams with interpretations: [PAR] Falling: Dreams of falling are said to indicate insecurity. Freud thought dreams of falling meant the contemplation of giving into a sexual urge. [PAR] Flying: Dreams of flying are said to indicate feeling in control or 'on top of' a situation. [PAR] The Naked Dream: Dreams of being naked are said to indicate that you are ashamed of something or have something to hide. [PAR] Personally, these interpretations feel a bit too pop psych to me. I think by engaging with your dreams and thinking about them you can determine what meaning might be conveyed for your life. (I keep having a dream about forgetting to wear socks, please leave comments"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which organ removes excess water, salts, uric acids, and ... Which organ removes excess water, salts, uric acids, and chemicals from the blood? the kidneys, the lungs, the sweat glands, or the pharynx ? [PAR] You have new items in your feed. Click to view. [PAR] Question and answer [PAR] Which organ removes excess water, salts, uric acids, and chemicals from the blood? the kidneys, the lungs, the sweat glands, or the pharynx ? [PAR] The organ that is responsible for all of these removals is the kidney [PAR] Expert answered| Ashnicole49 |Points 70| [PAR] Which organ removes excess water, salts, uric acids, and chemicals from the blood? the kidneys, the lungs, the sweat glands, or the pharynx ? [PAR] New answers [PAR] There are no new answers. [PAR] Comments [PAR] Log in or sign up first. [PAR] Questions asked by the same visitor [PAR] Weegy: The correct answer is decreases. (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] Asked 12/3/2012 8:20:08 PM [PAR] 0 Answers/Comments [PAR] Weegy: Distribution systems: allocate endless goods and services. (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] Asked 12/3/2012 8:22:56 PM [PAR] 0 Answers/Comments [PAR] Why is the majority of Earth's freshwater not readily available for our use? It is in the atmosphere. ? It is locked up in glaciers and ice caps. ? It is in rivers far from major human population centers. ? or It is in the ground. ? [PAR] Weegy: The answer to your questions , The majority of Earth's freshwater not readily available for our use because out of all the water on Earth, only 2.75 percent is freshwater, which includes 2.05 percent frozen in glaciers. [ This leaves a very small amount of non salt water. Most is locked up in glaciers and icecaps in Greenland and Antarctica, in saline inland seas or in the atmosphere, and is not readily available for consumptive use. ] (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] Asked 12/3/2012 8:29:42 PM [PAR] 0 Answers/Comments [PAR] Weegy: Surface processes that work to break down rock are called weathering. (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] Asked 12/3/2012 8:58:25 PM [PAR] 0 Answers/Comments [PAR] On a global basis, which of the following is the largest reservoir of carbon? ANS: atmosphere. [PAR] The important reservoirs are: [PAR] Atmosphere: contains at present 750 GtC. In pre-industrial times it contained only about 570 GtC, this change corresponds to the variation in the abundance from 280 ppmv in pre-industrial times to 370 ppmv at present. [PAR] Vegetation and soils in the land: these contain about 2200 GtC, in the form of all the mass of plants in the Earth and all the organic litter contained in the soil, which has a lot of carbon. [PAR] surface ocean: contains 1000 GtC. Carbon dioxide is dissolved in the water. Most of the live organisms that carry out photosynthesis in the ocean are near the surface, they can absorb the dissolved carbon dioxide and release it when they die. The surface ocean can rapidly exchange carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. [PAR] deep ocean: contains 39000 GtC. This contains much more carbon than all the reservoirs above, but it can only exchange carbon with the atmosphere very slowly. [PAR] lithosphere and mantle: contains about one hundred million GtC. This is by far the largest reservoir. The carbon dioxide is stored in the interior of the Earth in the form of carbonate rocks, such as limestone, dolomites, and chalk. However, carbon from this reservoir is exchanged extremely slowly with the carbon in the ocean and atmosphere. Among this large reservoir there are also about 4000 GtC in the form of fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Digestive System: Facts, Function & Diseases - Live Science Digestive System: Facts, Function & Diseases [PAR] Digestive System: Facts, Function & Diseases [PAR] By Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] March 11, 2016 05:15pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The human digestive system is a series of organs that converts food into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the body and eliminates unused waste material. It is essential to good health because if the digestive system shuts down, the body cannot be nourished or rid itself of waste. [PAR] Description of the digestive system [PAR] Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the digestive system begins at the mouth, includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (also known as the colon) and rectum, and ends at the anus. The entire system \u2014 from mouth to anus \u2014 is about 30 feet (9 meters) long, according to the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). [PAR] Digestion begins with the mouth. Even the smell of food can generate saliva, which is secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth, contains an enzyme, salivary amylase, which breaks down starch. Teeth, which are part of the skeletal system, play a key role in digestion. In carnivores, teeth are designed for killing and breaking down meat. Herbivores\u2019 teeth are made for grinding plants and other food to ease them through the digestion process. [PAR] [ Image Gallery: The BioDigital Human ] [PAR] Swallowing pushes chewed food into the esophagus, where it passes through the oropharynx and hypopharynx. At this point, food takes the form of a small round mass and digestion becomes involuntary. A series of muscular contractions, called peristalsis, transports food through the rest of the system. The esophagus empties into the stomach, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). [PAR] The stomach\u2019s gastric juice, which is primarily a mix of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, starts breaking down proteins and killing potentially harmful bacteria, according to ASGE. After an hour or two of this process, a thick semi-liquid paste, called chyme, forms. [PAR] At this point the pyloric sphincter valve opens and chyme enters the duodenum, where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and acidic bile from the gall bladder, according to the Cleveland Clinic . The next stop for the chyme is the small intestine, a 20-foot (6-meter) tube-shaped organ, where the majority of the absorption of nutrients occurs. The nutrients move into the bloodstream and are transported to the liver. [PAR] The liver creates glycogen from sugars and carbohydrates to give the body energy and converts dietary proteins into new proteins needed by the blood system. The liver also breaks down unwanted chemicals, such as alcohol, which is detoxified and passed from the body as waste, the Cleveland Clinic noted. [PAR] Whatever material is left goes into the large intestine. The function of the large intestine, which is about 5 feet long (1.5 meters), is primarily for storage and fermentation of indigestible matter. Also called the colon, it has four parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon and the sigmoid colon. This is where water from the chyme is absorbed back into the body and feces are formed primarily from water (75 percent), dietary fiber and other waste products, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Feces are stored here until they are eliminated from the body through defecation. [PAR] Diseases of the digestive system [PAR] Many symptoms can signal problems with the GI tract, including: abdominal pain, blood in the stool, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, incontinence, nausea and vomiting and difficulty swallowing, according"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scurvy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments - Medical News Today Scurvy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments - Medical News Today [PAR] Scurvy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments [PAR] Written by Peter Crosta M.A. [PAR] 4 36 [PAR] Scurvy is a disease caused by a diet that lacks vitamin C (ascorbic acid). [PAR] Patients develop anemia , debility, exhaustion, edema (swelling) in some parts of the body, and sometimes ulceration of the gums and loss of teeth. [PAR] The name scurvy comes from the Latin scorbutus. We have known about the disease in humans since ancient Greek and Egyptian times. [PAR] Scurvy commonly is associated with sailors in the 16th to 18th centuries who navigated long voyages without enough vitamin C and frequently perished from the condition. Modern cases of scurvy are extremely rare. [PAR] Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C, which is necessary for the production of collagen and iron absorption. We have to obtain it from external sources, i.e. from fruits and vegetables, or some foods which are fortified with vitamin C in order to prevent the vitamin C deficiency known as scurvy. [PAR] Vitamin C deficiency is especially dangerous for the fetus (developing baby in the womb). Researchers from the University of Copenhagen reported in the journal PLOS ONE that pregnant women with a vitamin C deficiency can have babies whose brain did not develop properly . [PAR] What causes scurvy? [PAR] The primary cause of scurvy is insufficient intake of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). This may be due to ignorance, famine, anorexia , restrictive diets (due to allergies, food fads, etc.), or difficulty orally ingesting foods. Historically, scurvy was the result of long sea voyages where sailors did not bring along enough foods with vitamin C. [PAR] Who gets scurvy? [PAR] Though scurvy is a very rare disease, it still occurs in some patients - usually elderly people, alcoholics, or those that live on a diet devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. Similarly, infants or children who are on special or poor diets for any number of economic or social reasons may be prone to scurvy. [PAR] Symptoms of scurvy [PAR] Scurvy symptoms may begin with appetite loss, poor weight gain, diarrhea , rapid breathing, fever , irritability, tenderness and discomfort in legs, swelling over long bones, bleeding (hemorrhaging), and feelings of paralysis. [PAR] As the disease progresses, a scurvy victim may present bleeding of the gums, loosened teeth, petechial hemorrhage of the skin and mucous membranes (a tiny pinpoint red mark), bleeding in the eye, proptopsis of the eyeball (protruding eye), constochondral beading (beading of the cartilage between joints), hyperkeratosis (a skin disorder), corkscrew hair, and sicca syndrome (an automimmune disease affecting connective tissue). [PAR] Infants with scurvy will become apprehensive, anxious, and progressively irritable. They often will assume the frog leg posture for comfort when struck with pseudoparalysis. It is common for infants with scurvy to present subperiosteal hemorrhage, a specific bleeding that occurs at the lower ends of the long bones. [PAR] Diagnosis of scurvy [PAR] Physicians initially will conduct a physical exam, looking for symptoms described above. Actual vitamin C levels can be obtained by using laboratory tests that analyze serum ascorbic acid levels (or white blood cell ascorbic acid concentration). Sometimes, radiological procedures are ordered for diagnostic purposes and to see what damage scurvy has already done. [PAR] Treatments for scurvy [PAR] Scurvy is treated by providing the patient with vitamin C, administered either orally or via injection. Orange juice usually functions as an effective dietary remedy, but specific vitamin supplements are also known to be effective. [PAR] How can scurvy be prevented? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck - InnerBody Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck [PAR] Home > Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck [PAR] Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck [PAR] The cardiovascular system of the head and neck includes the vital arteries that provide oxygenated blood to the brain and organs of the head, including the mouth and eyes. It also includes the veins that return deoxygenated blood from these organs to the heart. Among these blood vessels are several unique and important structures that have evolved to help maintain the continuous flow of blood to the brain. The human brain is so powerful and metabolically active that it uses about 20% of all of the oxygen and glucose taken in by the body each day.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Change View Angle [PAR] Full Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . Any interruption in the blood flow to the brain very quickly results in the decline of mental function, loss of consciousness, and eventually death if not corrected. [PAR] Oxygenated blood enters the neck from the trunk through four major arteries: the left and right vertebral arteries and the left and right common carotid arteries. The vertebral arteries travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the skull at the foramen magnum and joining at the base of the brain to form the basilar artery. From there the basilar artery provides blood to the posterior structures of the brain, including the brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebrum. [PAR] The left and right carotid arteries each divide in the neck to form the left and right internal carotid as well as the left and right external carotid arteries. The internal carotid arteries pass into the skull inferior to the brain through the left and right carotid foramina. At the base of the brain, the internal carotid arteries branch off into the left and right anterior cerebral arteries and the left and right middle cerebral arteries that supply blood to the middle and anterior regions of the brain. [PAR] At the base of the brain several communicating arteries form anastomoses, or passages, between the left and right posterior cerebral, left and right internal carotid, and left and right anterior cerebral arteries. These arteries collectively form a ring of blood vessels known as the Circle of Willis. The Circle of Willis provides insurance that the brain will continue to receive blood flow in the event that one of its major arteries is blocked by allowing blood flow between all of the major arteries to all of the regions of the brain. [PAR] In the neck and head exterior to the skull, the external carotid artery provides blood flow to the skin, muscles, and organs. Several major arteries - including the facial, superficial temporal, and occipital arteries - branch off from the external carotid to provide blood to the many superficial structures of the head. [PAR] Three pairs of major veins return deoxygenated blood from the tissues of the head and neck to the heart. The left and right vertebral veins descend through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae to drain blood from the spinal cord, cervical vertebrae, and muscles of the neck. In the head, superficial structures on the exterior of the skull are drained"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Round One Jeopardy Template - jeopardylabs.com Round One Jeopardy Template [PAR] The name of Dr. Sieuss's egg-hatching elephant [PAR] 100 [PAR] Well-known Tasmanian-born leading lady who launched her entertainment career under the name of Queenie O'Brien. [PAR] 100 [PAR] What is the kitchen? [PAR] Room in the average American home that is the scene of the greatest number of arguments. [PAR] 100 [PAR] The distance between bases on a little league baseball field. [PAR] 100 [PAR] The part of the brain that regulates physiological stability. [PAR] 200 [PAR] Clark Kent's high school sweetheart [PAR] 200 [PAR] Yves Montand was born in this country. [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is Truth or Consequences? [PAR] Current name of the town that was formerly Hot Springs, New Mexico, that was re-named in 1960 by its citizens in honor of a popular radio show. [PAR] 200 [PAR] First sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics. [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is Les Miserables, by Victor Hugo, with 823 words [PAR] Novel containing the longest sentence in literature [PAR] 300 [PAR] What are George and Michael? Brummel was George Geste was Michael [PAR] The real names of Beau Brummel and Beau Geste. [PAR] 300 [PAR] What are Patience and Fortitude? (Names were given by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia.) [PAR] Names of the two landmark stone lions sitting in front of the New York Public Libaray at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street in New York City. [PAR] 300 [PAR] What is bicycle moto x (cross)? [PAR] In cross-country bike racing, what the initials BMX stand for. [PAR] 300 [PAR] What are hiccups? [PAR] DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!! Term for a series of uncontrollable intakes of air caused by sudden spasms of the diaphragm. [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is The Little Engine That Could? [PAR] Famous book that begins: \"Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff.\" [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who is Peter Lorre? [PAR] Famous actor who prepared for a career in psychiatry - studying and working with pioneer psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler - before he turned to performing. [PAR] 400 [PAR] What are six months? [PAR] Time - in months - the average American motorist spends during his lifetime waiting for red lights to turn green. [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who is Jackie Robinson? (He later gained national fame playing professional baseball.) [PAR] In 1939, the famous American athlete who starred on UCLA's undefeated football team and was the top scorer in the Pacific Coast Conference for basketball. [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is the retina?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eye | Creation Facts Eye | Creation Facts [PAR] Creation Facts [PAR] Evidence From Anatomy [PAR] September 13th, 2009 [PAR] The eye is an incredibly complex organ that moves 100,000 times in an average day. Numerous muscles and tear ducts are in place to keep the eye constantly moist, protected, and functional. Our eyes process 1.5 million bits of information simultaneously and provide 80% of the sensory stimulation sent to the brain. They receive light images traveling at 186,000 miles per second through the iris, which opens or closes to let in just the right amount of light. These images travel through a lens, made of transparent cells, which focuses them on the retina at the back of the eyeball. The retina covers less than one square inch of surface, yet this square inch contains approximately 137 million light-sensitive receptor cells. Approximately 130 million are rod cells (designed specifically to see in black and white), and 7 million are cone cells (allowing color vision). Finally, the image is sent at a rate of 300 miles per hour to the brain for processing. How could all of this have come about by some step-by-step, random-chance evolutionary process? [PAR] Mankind has designed and patterned the camera after the eye. It is only reasonable to acknowledge that the eye, which is an infinitely more complex instrument, was also designed by intelligence."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the more common name for the tympanic membrane ... What is the more common name for the tympanic membrane ? - Euask.com [PAR] What is the more common name for the tympanic membrane ? 5 [PAR] Created by expert102, 459 days ago, 352 views [PAR] What is the more common name for the tympanic membrane ? [PAR] \u221a Best Answer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Red Blood Cell? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK What is a Red Blood Cell? (with pictures) [PAR] What is a Red Blood Cell? [PAR] Originally Written By: Michael Anissimov [PAR] Revised By: Jillian O Keeffe [PAR] Edited By: Bronwyn Harris [PAR] Last Modified Date: 08 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] Top 10 facts about the world [PAR] A red blood cell, or erythrocyte , is the most common type of cell in blood. It carries oxygen throughout the circulatory system, from the lungs to the rest of the body, and brings carbon dioxide waste back the other way. All of the body's tissues are dependent upon oxygen from these cells \u2014 if the flow is cut off, the tissue dies. There are several medical conditions associated with red blood cells specifically, including sickle-cell anemia, thalassemia, and spherocytosis, but changes in the amount of these cells can also be a sign of other disorders. [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] Red blood cells have a diameter of about 6 to 8 micrometers (millionths of a meter), which is similar in size to most cells in the body. They are round and red, with a depression in the center. Adult humans have 20 to 30 trillion of these cells in their bodies, with men having more on average than women, and each one lives for about 120 days before being broken down. They are very flexible, which is important for their functioning, since they often have to squeeze through small openings. [PAR] Ad [PAR] Function [PAR] The main purpose of red blood cells is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the circulatory system. The reason they can do this is that they contain an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen. When the oxygen and the hemoglobin combine, they cause the cells to become bright red. This is why blood looks red when it goes outside of the body as well \u2014 when exposed to the open through a cut, the cells become exposed to a lot of atmospheric oxygen. Once all the oxygen connected to the cells is used up, then they collect carbon dioxide and other waste gases from the body and bring it back to the lungs, where they swap it for oxygen and start the cycle again. [PAR] Related Disorders [PAR] There are a variety of medical disorders associated with red blood cells, with one of the most common being sickle-cell disease. This is a genetic disorder that causes the cells to become stiff and sickle-shaped. This makes them unable to move properly throughout the circulatory system, and can lead to a variety of problems, including strokes, blindness, and chronic pain. Spherocytosis is another genetic condition that changes the shape of cells and makes them brittle, but unlike sickle-cell disease, it makes them spherical. [PAR] Several other conditions cause red blood cell abnormalities by disrupting the proper production of hemoglobin. This includes thalassemia, a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin molecules, and pernicious anemia, in which the body doesn't absorb enough B12, which is needed for making hemoglobin. Additionally, conditions like G6PD deficiency, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, and aplastic anemia can cause problems with the creation and life of red blood cells. [PAR] Besides conditions that affect the cells themselves, having an increase or decrease in the number of red blood cells in the body can be a symptom of several conditions. A high red blood cell count, also called polycythemia, can be caused by poor circulation to the kidneys, genetic heart problems, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD ), and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Windpipe | Define Windpipe at Dictionary.com Windpipe | Define Windpipe at Dictionary.com [PAR] windpipe [PAR] the trachea of an air-breathing vertebrate. [PAR] Origin of windpipe [PAR] 1520-30; wind 1 + pipe 1 [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for windpipe [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] After using her hands to clear her windpipe, she freed her eyes from the embers that were blinding her vision. [PAR] Mailer's Final Gift Lawrence Schiller February 4, 2009 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] My brother felt that it must be the windpipe, because when you kicked someone there he lost his breath. [PAR] The soreness in the throat may extend down the windpipe, and membranes may form there. [PAR] Diphtheria Public Health Service [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for windpipe [PAR] Expand [PAR] a nontechnical name for trachea (sense 1) related adjective tracheal [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for windpipe [PAR] Expand [PAR] \"trachea,\" 1520s, from wind (n.1) in the \"breath\" sense + pipe (n.1). [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Graafian follicle | definition of graafian follicle by ... Graafian follicle | definition of graafian follicle by Medical dictionary [PAR] Graafian follicle | definition of graafian follicle by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/graafian+follicle [PAR] Related to graafian follicle: ovarian follicle , ovulation , corpus luteum [PAR] graafian follicle [PAR] [graf\u00b4e-an] [PAR] a small sac, embedded in the ovary , that encloses an ovum . At puberty each ovary has a large number of immature follicles ( primordial follicles ), each of which contains an undeveloped egg cell. [PAR] About every 28 days between puberty and the onset of menopause, one of the follicles develops to maturity, or ripens, into a graafian follicle (or vesicular ovarian follicle ). As it ripens, it increases in size. The ovum within becomes larger, the follicular wall becomes thicker, and fluid collects in the follicle and surrounds the ovum. The follicle also secretes estradiol, the hormone that prepares the endometrium to receive a fertilized egg. As the follicle matures, it moves to the surface of the ovary and forms a projection. When fully mature, the graafian follicle breaks open and releases the ovum, which passes into the fallopian tubes . This release of the ovum is called ovulation ; it occurs midway in the menstrual cycle, generally about 14 days after the commencement of the menstrual flow. [PAR] The released ovum travels down the tube to the uterus, a process that takes about 3 days. Meanwhile, the empty graafian follicle in the ovary becomes filled with cells containing a yellow substance, the corpus luteum . The corpus luteum secretes progesterone , a hormone that causes further change in the endometrium, allowing it to provide a good milieu in which a zygote (fertilized ovum) can grow through the stages of gestation to become a fetus . [PAR] ve\u00b7sic\u00b7u\u00b7lar o\u00b7var\u00b7i\u00b7an fol\u00b7li\u00b7cle [PAR] [TA] [PAR] a follicle in which the primary oocyte attains its full size and is surrounded by an extracellular glycoprotein layer (zona pellucida) that separates it from a peripheral layer of follicular cells permeated by one or more fluid-filled antra; the primary oocyte occupies the cumulus oophorus; the theca of the follicle develops into internal and external layers. [PAR] Any of the fluid-filled vesicles in the mammalian ovary containing a maturing ovum. [PAR] graafian follicle [PAR] [gr\u00e4\u2032f\u0113\u00b7\u0259n, -gr\u0101\u2032-] [PAR] Etymology: Reijnier de Graaf, Dutch physician, 1641-1673; L, folliculus, small bag [PAR] a mature ovarian vesicle, measuring about 10 to 12 mm in diameter, that ruptures during ovulation to release the ovum. Many primary ovarian follicles, each containing an immature ovum about 35 \u03bcm in diameter, are embedded near the surface of the ovary, just below the tunica albuginea. Under the influence of the follicle-stimulating hormone from the adenohypophysis, one ovarian follicle ripens into a graafian follicle during the proliferative phase of each menstrual cycle. The cells that form the graafian follicle are arranged in a layer three to four cells thick around a relatively large volume of follicular fluid. Within the follicle the ovum grows to about 100 \u03bcm in diameter, ruptures, and is swept into the fimbriated opening of the uterine tube. The cavity of the follicle collapses when the ovum is released, and the remaining follicular cells greatly enlarge to become the corpus luteum. If the ovum is fertilized, the corpus luteum grows and becomes the corpus luteum of pregnancy, which degenerates by the end of 9 months and has a diameter of about 30 mm. As the ovarian follicle ripens into the graafian follicle, it produces estrogen, which stimulates the proliferation of the endometrium and the enlargement of the uterine glands."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pisiform (bone) - RightDiagnosis.com Pisiform (bone) - RightDiagnosis.com [PAR] Pisiform (bone) [PAR] Pisiform (bone): a small wrist bone that articulates only with the triquetral. [PAR] Source: WordNet 2.1 [PAR] Pisiform (bone): A pea-shaped carpal bone that actually sits in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. [PAR] Source: MeSH 2007 [PAR] Terms associated with Pisiform (bone): [PAR] Terms Similar to Pisiform (bone): [PAR] Source - WordNet 2.1 [PAR] Hierarchical classifications of Pisiform (bone) [PAR] The following list attempts to classify Pisiform (bone) into categories where each line is subset of the next. [PAR] WordNet 2.1 [PAR] Search to find out more about Pisiform (bone): [PAR] [PAR] Search Specialists by State and City [PAR] [PAR] By using this site you agree to our Terms of Use . Information provided on this site is for informational purposes only; it is not intended as a substitute for advice from your own medical team. The information on this site is not to be used for diagnosing or treating any health concerns you may have - please contact your physician or health care professional for all your medical needs. Please see our Terms of Use .[DOC] [TLE] Pisiform Bone Definition , Anatomy & Function | Body Maps Pisiform Bone Definition, Anatomy & Function | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Pisiform [PAR] The pisiform is a sesamoid bone. It is located in the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) wrist tendon. It protects this tendon by supporting and bearing its forces as it moves across the triquetrum during wrist movement. The triquetrum is a proximal carpal bone located between the pisiform and lunate bones. The pisiform is located opposite the wrist's carpal base plate and communicates with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand. Specifically, it is located where the carpus joins the ulna, which is the inner forearm bone. Chronic or acute pain is common in the pisiform because it is where tendinopathy of the FCU occurs at insertion. Osteoarthritis, mechanical overuse, and bony fractures can also affect the pisiform. Pain in the pisiform is usually examined by a sonographic evaluation. Fluid collection and the thickening of soft tissue are common in the pisiform bone. The pisiform is sphere-shaped, like a pea. In fact, its name means \"pea-shaped.\" The pisiform has four types of surfaces: dorsal, palmar, lateral, and medial. The latter three surfaces are rough, allowing the pisiform to attach to the carpal ligament. However, the dorsal surface is smooth, allowing for the bone's articulation with the triquetrum."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the scientific name for the knee cap? - YouTube What is the scientific name for the knee cap? - YouTube [PAR] What is the scientific name for the knee cap? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 1, 2013 [PAR] This improves the knowledge of the children indirectly as they never know that they are learning. - [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Knee joint - MedicineNet Definition of Knee joint [PAR] Definition of Knee joint [PAR] Take the RA Quiz [PAR] Knee joint: The knee joint has three parts. The thigh bone (the femur) meets the large shin bone (the tibia) to form the main knee joint. This joint has an inner (medial) and an outer (lateral) compartment. The kneecap (the patella) joins the femur to form a third joint, called the patellofemoral joint. The patella protects the front of the knee joint. [PAR] The knee joint is surrounded by a joint capsule with ligaments strapping the inside and outside of the joint (collateral ligaments) as well as crossing within the joint (cruciate ligaments). The collateral ligaments run along the sides of the knee and limit the sideways motion of the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) connects the tibia to the femur at the center of the knee and functions to limit rotation and forward motion of the tibia. The posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) located just behind the ACL limits the backward motion of the tibia. All of these ligaments provide stability and strength to the knee joint. [PAR] The meniscus is a thickened cartilage pad between the two joints formed by the femur and tibia. The meniscus acts as a smooth surface for the joint to move on. The knee joint is surrounded by fluid- filled sacs called bursae, which serve as gliding surfaces that reduce friction of the tendons. Below the kneecap, there is a large tendon (patellar tendon) which attaches to the front of the tibia bone. There are large blood vessels passing through the area behind the knee (referred to as the popliteal space). [PAR] The large muscles of the thigh move the knee. In the front of the thigh the quadriceps muscles extend the knee joint. In the back of the thigh, the hamstring muscles flex the knee. The knee also rotates slightly under guidance of specific muscles of the thigh. [PAR] The knee functions to allow movement of the leg and is critical to normal walking . The knee flexes normally to a maximum of 135 degrees and extends to 0 degrees. The bursae, or fluid-filled sacs, serve as gliding surfaces for the tendons to reduce the force of friction as these tendons move. The knee is a weight-bearing joint. Each meniscus serves to evenly load the surface during weight- bearing and also adds in disbursing joint fluid for joint lubrication. [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neuroscience For Kids - The Skull Neuroscience For Kids - The Skull [PAR] you are here: home > explore > the skull [PAR] Neuroscience For Kids [PAR] the skull [PAR] Your 3 pound (1.4 kg) brain needs a home...your skull! [PAR] Your brain is protected by several bones. There are eight bones that surround your brain: one frontal bone; two parietal bones, two temporal bones, one occipital bone, one sphenoid bone and one ethmoid bone. These eight bones make up the cranium. [PAR] Another 14 bones in the face make up the entire skull. There are also three small bones in each ear . Also protecting your brain are three layers of tissue called the meninges . A few of the bones have been colored in the diagram below. [PAR] There is a large opening, called the foramen magnum, located in the back of the occipital bone. This is where the medulla ends and projects out of the skull. Smaller holes in the skull, called foramina, allow nerves and blood vessels to enter and leave the cranium. The picture on the left shows the base of the skull. [PAR] The places in the skull where the bones come together are called sutures. These sutures are flexible in young children, but become fixed as they age. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2011, Eric H. Chudler, All Rights Reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Your Lungs & Respiratory System - Kids Health - Lungs Your Lungs & Respiratory System [PAR] Your Lungs & Respiratory System [PAR] What's something that you do all day, every day, no matter where you are or who you're with? [PAR] (a) think about what's for lunch tomorrow [PAR] (b) put your finger in your nose [PAR] (c) hum your favorite song [PAR] (d) breathe [PAR] It's possible that some kids could say (a) or (c) or that others might even say \u2014 yikes! \u2014 (b). But every single person in the world has to say (d). Breathing air is necessary for keeping humans (and many animals) alive. And the two parts that are large and in charge when it comes to breathing? If you guessed your lungs, you're right! [PAR] Your lungs make up one of the largest organs in your body, and they work with your respiratory system to allow you to take in fresh air, get rid of stale air, and even talk. Let's take a tour of the lungs! [PAR] Locate Those Lungs [PAR] Your lungs are in your chest, and they are so large that they take up most of the space in there. You have two lungs, but they aren't the same size the way your eyes or nostrils are. Instead, the lung on the left side of your body is a bit smaller than the lung on the right. This extra space on the left leaves room for your heart. [PAR] Your lungs are protected by your rib cage, which is made up of 12 sets of ribs. These ribs are connected to your spine in your back and go around your lungs to keep them safe. Beneath the lungs is the diaphragm (say: DY-uh-fram), a dome-shaped muscle that works with your lungs to allow you to inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out) air. [PAR] You can't see your lungs, but it's easy to feel them in action: Put your hands on your chest and breathe in very deeply. You will feel your chest getting slightly bigger. Now breathe out the air, and feel your chest return to its regular size. You've just felt the power of your lungs! [PAR] continue [PAR] A Look Inside the Lungs [PAR] From the outside, lungs are pink and a bit squishy, like a sponge. But the inside contains the real lowdown on the lungs! At the bottom of the trachea (say: TRAY-kee-uh), or windpipe, there are two large tubes. These tubes are called the main stem bronchi (say: BRONG-kye), and one heads left into the left lung, while the other heads right into the right lung. [PAR] Each main stem bronchus (say: BRONG-kuss) \u2014 the name for just one of the bronchi \u2014 then branches off into tubes, or bronchi, that get smaller and even smaller still, like branches on a big tree. The tiniest tubes are called bronchioles (say: BRONG-kee-oles), and there are about 30,000 of them in each lung. Each bronchiole is about the same thickness as a hair. [PAR] At the end of each bronchiole is a special area that leads into clumps of teeny tiny air sacs called alveoli (say: al-VEE-oh-lie). There are about 600 million alveoli in your lungs and if you stretched them out, they would cover an entire tennis court. Now that's a load of alveoli! Each alveolus (say: al-VEE-oh-luss) \u2014 what we call just one of the alveoli \u2014 has a mesh-like covering of very small blood vessels called capillaries (say: CAP-ill-er-ees). These capillaries are so tiny that the cells in your blood need to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] thyroid gland - WebMD The Thyroid (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Definition, Location in the Body, and More [PAR] Next [PAR] The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that sits low on the front of the neck. Your thyroid lies below your Adam\u2019s apple, along the front of the windpipe. The thyroid has two side lobes, connected by a bridge (isthmus) in the middle. When the thyroid is its normal size, you can\u2019t feel it. [PAR] Brownish-red in color, the thyroid is rich with blood vessels. Nerves important for voice quality also pass through the thyroid. [PAR] The thyroid secretes several hormones, collectively called thyroid hormones. The main hormone is thyroxine, also called T4. Thyroid hormones act throughout the body, influencing metabolism, growth and development, and body temperature. During infancy and childhood, adequate thyroid hormone is crucial for brain development. [PAR] Thyroid Conditions [PAR] Goiter : A general term for thyroid swelling. Goiters can be harmless, or can represent iodine deficiency or a condition associated with thyroid inflammation called Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. [PAR] Thyroiditis : Inflammation of the thyroid, usually from a viral infection or autoimmune condition. Thyroiditis can be painful, or have no symptoms at all. [PAR] Hyperthyroidism : Excessive thyroid hormone production. Hyperthyroidism is most often caused by Graves disease or an overactive thyroid nodule. [PAR] Hypothyroidism : Low production of thyroid hormone. Thyroid damage caused by autoimmune disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism . [PAR] Graves disease : An autoimmune condition in which the thyroid is overstimulated, causing hyperthyroidism. [PAR] Thyroid cancer : An uncommon form of cancer, thyroid cancer is usually curable. Surgery, radiation, and hormone treatments may be used to treat thyroid cancer. [PAR] Thyroid nodule : A small abnormal mass or lump in the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are extremely common. Few are cancerous. They may secrete excess hormones, causing hyperthyroidism, or cause no problems. [PAR] Thyroid storm : A rare form of hyperthyroidism in which extremely high thyroid hormone levels cause severe illness. [PAR] Continued [PAR] Thyroid Tests [PAR] Anti-TPO antibodies : In autoimmune thyroid disease, proteins mistakenly attack the thyroid peroxidase enzyme, which is used by the thyroid to make thyroid hormones. [PAR] Thyroid ultrasound: A probe is placed on the skin of the neck, and reflected sound waves can detect abnormal areas of thyroid tissue. [PAR] Thyroid scan : A small amount of radioactive iodine is given by mouth to get images of the thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine is concentrated within the thyroid gland. [PAR] Thyroid biopsy : A small amount of thyroid tissue is removed, usually to look for thyroid cancer. Thyroid biopsy is typically done with a needle. [PAR] Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): Secreted by the brain, TSH regulates thyroid hormone release. A blood test with high TSH indicates low levels of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism), and low TSH suggests hyperthyroidism. [PAR] T3 and T4 (thyroxine) : The primary forms of thyroid hormone, checked with a blood test. [PAR] Thyroglobulins : A substance secreted by the thyroid that can be used as a marker of thyroid cancer. It is often measured during follow-up in patients with thyroid cancer. High levels indicate recurrence of the cancer. [PAR] Other imaging tests: If thyroid cancer has spread (metastasized), tests such as CT scans , MRI scans , or PET scans can help identify the extent of spread. [PAR] Thyroid Treatments [PAR] Thyroid surgery (thyroidectomy): A surgeon removes all or part of the thyroid in an operation. Thyroidectomy is performed for thyroid cancer, goiter, or hyperthyroidism. [PAR] Antithyroid medications : Drugs can slow down the overproduction of thyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism. Two common"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Liver & Blood Sugar :: Diabetes Education Online The Liver & Blood Sugar :: Diabetes Education Online [PAR] Diabetes Education Online [PAR] \u00ab Controlling Blood Sugar [PAR] During a meal, your liver stores sugar for later. [PAR] When you\u2019re not eating, the liver supplies sugar by turning glycogen into glucose in a process called glycogenolysis. [PAR] The liver both stores and produces sugar\u2026 [PAR] The liver acts as the body\u2019s glucose (or fuel) reservoir, and helps to keep your circulating blood sugar levels and other body fuels steady and constant. The liver both stores and manufactures glucose depending upon the body\u2019s need. The need to store or release glucose is primarily signaled by the hormones insulin and glucagon . [PAR] During a meal, your liver will store sugar, or glucose, as glycogen for a later time when your body needs it. The high levels of insulin and suppressed levels of glucagon during a meal promote the storage of glucose as glycogen. [PAR] The liver makes sugar when you need it\u2026. [PAR] When you\u2019re not eating \u2013 especially overnight or between meals, the body has to make its own sugar. The liver supplies sugar or glucose by turning glycogen into glucose in a process called glycogenolysis. The liver also can manufacture necessary sugar or glucose by harvesting amino acids, waste products and fat byproducts. This process is called gluconeogenesis. [PAR] The liver also makes another fuel, ketones, when sugar is in short supply\u2026. [PAR] When your body\u2019s glycogen storage is running low, the body starts to conserve the sugar supplies for the organs that always require sugar. These include: the brain, red blood cells and parts of the kidney. To supplement the limited sugar supply, the liver makes alternative fuels called ketones from fats. This process is called ketogenesis. The hormone signal for ketogenesis to begin is a low level of insulin. Ketones are burned as fuel by muscle and other body organs. And the sugar is saved for the organs that need it. [PAR] The terms \u201cgluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and ketogenesis\u201d may seem like complicated concepts or words on a biology test. Take a moment to review the definitions and illustrations above. When you have diabetes, these processes can be thrown off balance, and if you fully understand what is happening, you can take steps to fix the problem. [PAR] Gluconeogenesis? Glycogenolysis? Ketogenesis? What are they? You need to know. [PAR] Self-assessment Quiz [PAR] Self assessment quizzes are available for topics covered in this website. To find out how much you have learned about Facts about Diabetes, take our self assessment quiz when you have completed this section. The quiz is multiple choice. Please choose the single best answer to each question. At the end of the quiz, your score will display. If your score is over 70% correct, you are doing very well. If your score is less than 70%, you can return to this section and review the information.[DOC] [TLE] What Organs Store Carbohydrates in the Human Body ... What Organs Store Carbohydrates in the Human Body? | Chron.com [PAR] What Organs Store Carbohydrates in the Human Body? [PAR] What Organs Store Carbohydrates in the Human Body? [PAR] by Erica Kannall [PAR] Skeletal muscles store the majority of excess carbohydrates. [PAR] Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images [PAR] [Small Intestine] | The Importance of Villi and the Small Intestine to the Digestion of Nutrients [PAR] Carbohydrate stores in skeletal muscles and the liver provide quick energy when your blood sugar is low. After carbohydrates are ingested, they are broken down into simple sugars and absorbed into your bloodstream. This sugar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bones of the Spinal Column - Laser Spine Institute Bones of the Spinal Column [PAR] Home \u00bb Spine Articles \u00bb Spinal Column Articles \u00bb Bones of the Spinal Column [PAR] Bones of the spinal column [PAR] Sections [PAR] The spinal column is made up of small bones called vertebrae. Offering support and structure to the human body, these bones are some of the most complex bones in the human body. Each vertebra has a specific function, working together to protect the spinal cord. [PAR] Segments of the spine [PAR] The spinal column is composed of a number of different segments, including the cervical (neck), thoracic (middle back) and lumbar (lower back) segments. The sacrum and coccyx are bones that are found at the base of the spine. [PAR] Cervical \u2014 The cervical region usually consists of seven vertebrae (C1\u20137), which are the smallest bones of the spinal column. The atlas (C1) directly supports the head, while the axis (C2) provides the head with pivoting motion. The remaining bones (C3\u20137) allow the head to move from side to side, backward and forward. [PAR] Thoracic \u2014 In most cases, twelve vertebrae (T1\u201312) form the thoracic region, which is generally considered the sturdiest area of the spine. This region serves to protect the organs located in the chest, so spinal mobility is limited more in the thoracic region than in the cervical and lumbar regions. Thoracic vertebrae are further supported by the attached rib cage. [PAR] Lumbar \u2014 The final segment in the spine is the lumbar area. This segment usually consists of five (sometimes six) individual vertebrae (L1\u20135). These bones are the largest in the spinal column because they must bear the weight of the body. [PAR] Sacrum \u2014 This triangular bone sits between the pelvic bones and serves to protect the pelvic organs. Consisting of five fused vertebrae (S1\u20135), the sacrum attaches to the L5 vertebra above and the coccyx below. [PAR] Coccyx \u2014 A vestigial remnant of a tail, the coccyx is commonly known as the \u201ctailbone.\u201d Many essential ligaments and muscles attach to this bone. [PAR] The bones of the spinal column, as well as the spinal cord, nerve roots, muscles, tendons and ligaments, can be afflicted by trauma (accidents or injuries) as well as degenerative spine conditions. When this happens, it can lead to long-term chronic pain and limited mobility. [PAR] Treatment for painful spine conditions [PAR] At Laser Spine Institute, we understand the importance of a healthy spine. If you are experiencing chronic neck or back pain that is affecting your quality of life, consider treatment at our outpatient surgery center. Our surgeons specialize exclusively in treating neck and back pain with minimally invasive, outpatient spine surgery . These procedures are a safer and effective alternative to traditional open neck and back surgery, offering you a number of benefits. Having helped more than 60,000 patients since 2005, our surgeons are available in cities across the country. [PAR] Learn more about our advanced techniques [PAR] For more information about the benefits of minimally invasive spine surgery, please call a member of our Care Team today . With a 96 patient satisfaction rate, our goal is to always provide you with the ultimate in care and comfort, so that you can return to your normal daily activities. [PAR] Want to chat?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brain \u2013 Human Brain Diagrams and Detailed Information Brain \u2013 Human Brain Diagrams and Detailed Information [PAR] Brain Cortices [PAR] Full Brain Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . in the study of the body; doctors, psychologists, and scientists are continually endeavoring to learn exactly how the many structures of the brain work together intricately to create our powerful human mind. [PAR] Anatomy of the Brain [PAR] There are different ways of dividing the brain anatomically into regions. Let\u2019s use a common method and divide the brain into three main regions based on embryonic development: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Under these divisions: [PAR] The forebrain (or prosencephalon) is made up of our incredible cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland among other features. Neuroanatomists call the cerebral area the telencephalon and use the term diencephalon (or interbrain) to refer to the area where our thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland reside. [PAR] The midbrain (or mesencephalon), located near the very center of the brain between the interbrain and the hindbrain, is composed of a portion of the brainstem. [PAR] The hindbrain (or rhombencephalon) consists of the remaining brainstem as well as our cerebellum and pons. Neuroanatomists have a word to describe the brainstem sub-region of our hindbrain, calling it the myelencephalon, while they use the word metencephalon in reference to our cerebellum and pons collectively. [PAR] Before exploring these different regions of the brain, first let\u2019s define the important types of cells and tissues that are the building blocks of them all. [PAR] Histology [PAR] Brain cells can be broken into two groups: neurons and neuroglia. [PAR] Neurons, or nerve cells, are the cells that perform all of the communication and processing within the brain. Sensory neurons entering the brain from the peripheral nervous system deliver information about the condition of the body and its surroundings. Most of the neurons in the brain\u2019s gray matter are interneurons, which are responsible for integrating and processing information delivered to the brain by sensory neurons. Interneurons send signals to motor neurons, which carry signals to muscles and glands. [PAR] Neuroglia, or glial cells, act as the helper cells of the brain; they support and protect the neurons. In the brain there are four types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. [PAR] Astrocytes protect neurons by filtering nutrients out of the blood and preventing chemicals and pathogens from leaving the capillaries of the brain. [PAR] Oligodendrocytes wrap the axons of neurons in the brain to produce the insulation known as myelin. Myelinated axons transmit nerve signals much faster than unmyelinated axons, so oligodendrocytes accelerate the communication speed of the brain. [PAR] Microglia act much like white blood cells by attacking and destroying pathogens that invade the brain. [PAR] Ependymal cells line the capillaries of the choroid plexuses and filter blood plasma to produce cerebrospinal fluid. [PAR] The tissue of the brain can be broken down into two major classes: gray matter and white matter. [PAR] Gray matter is made of mostly unmyelinated neurons, most of which are interneurons. The gray matter regions are the areas of nerve connections and processing. [PAR] White matter is made of mostly myelinated neurons that connect the regions of gray matter to each other and to the rest of the body. Myelinated neurons transmit nerve signals much faster than unmyelinated axons do. The white matter acts as the information highway of the brain to speed the connections between distant parts of the brain and body. [PAR] Now let\u2019s begin exploring the main structures of our awesome human brain. [PAR] HINDBRAIN (RHOMBENCEPHALON) [PAR] Brainstem [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Water properties: The water in you (Water Science School) Water properties: The water in you (Water Science School) [PAR] Back to previous page [PAR] The water in you [PAR] Think of what you need to survive, really just survive. Food? Water? Air? Facebook? Naturally, I'm going to concentrate on water here. Water is of major importance to all living things; in some organisms, up to 90% of their body weight comes from water. Up to 60% of the human adult body is water. [PAR] According to H.H. Mitchell, Journal of Biological Chemistry 158, the brain and heart are composed of 73% water, and the lungs are about 83% water. The skin contains 64% water, muscles and kidneys are 79%, and even the bones are watery: 31%. [PAR] Each day humans must consume a certain amount of water to survive. Of course, this varies according to age and gender, and also by where someone lives. Generally, an adult male needs about 3 liters per day while an adult female needs about 2.2 liters per day. Some of this water is gotten in food. [PAR] Water serves a number of essential functions to keep us all going: [PAR] A vital nutrient to the life of every cell, acts first as a building material. [PAR] It regulates our internal body temperature by sweating and respiration [PAR] The carbohydrates and proteins that our bodies use as food are metabolized and transported by water in the bloodstream; [PAR] It assists in flushing waste mainly through urination [PAR] acts as a shock absorber for brain, spinal cord, and fetus [PAR] forms saliva [PAR] lubricates joints [PAR] According to Dr. Jeffrey Utz, Neuroscience, pediatrics, Allegheny University, different people have different percentages of their bodies made up of water. Babies have the most, being born at about 78%. By one year of age, that amount drops to about 65%. In adult men, about 60% of their bodies are water. However, fat tissue does not have as much water as lean tissue. In adult women, fat makes up more of the body than men, so they have about 55% of their bodies made of water. Thus: [PAR] Babies and kids have more water (as a percentage) than adults. [PAR] Women have less water than men (as a percentage). [PAR] People with more fatty tissue have less water than people with less fatty tissue (as a percentage). [PAR] There just wouldn't be any you, me, or Fido the dog without the existence of an ample liquid water supply on Earth. The unique qualities and properties of water are what make it so important and basic to life. The cells in our bodies are full of water. The excellent ability of water to dissolve so many substances allows our cells to use valuable nutrients, minerals, and chemicals in biological processes. [PAR] Water's \"stickiness\" (from surface tension ) plays a part in our body's ability to transport these materials all through ourselves. The carbohydrates and proteins that our bodies use as food are metabolized and transported by water in the bloodstream. No less important is the ability of water to transport waste material out of our bodies. [PAR] Sources and more information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blood vessels - Human Anatomy Organs - Medicalook Blood vessels - human anatomy organs [PAR] Blood vessels [PAR] Tweet [PAR] BLOOD VESSELS ANATOMY [PAR] Blood vessels are responsible for the transportation of blood , made up arteries and veins, they creates pathways for the oxygenated blood to travel to their destination and pathways for the used deoxygenated blood to travel back to the heart or lungs . Capillaries are designed to permit the transfer of gasses within the blood, such as the delivery of oxygen and the return of carbon dioxide. The molecules from the tissues use the oxygenated blood plasma for energy and return the molecules of wastes. Blood vessels form these pathways to reach every living cell within the human body for this gaseous exchange. The network formed by the blood vessels is tubular, extensive, and in many ways fragile to outside influences. [PAR] BLOOD VESSELS FUNCTIONS [PAR] As the blood leaves the heart, they are filled with molecules of necessary oxygen, and traverse a passageway of progressively smaller tubular networks known as (in order) arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The microscopic capillaries are responsible for the conjoining of arterial flow and venous flow. Capillaries create the environment for the actual gaseous exchange. [PAR] As blood returns to the heart for more oxygen it passes through a tubular network of progressively larger diameter known as (in order) venules and veins. Anastomosis is the convergence arteries. While there are several places throughout the body where this process of anastomosis occurs, this includes the necks of the humerus and femur . Anastomosis occurs in areas that require a constant supply of oxygenated blood. [PAR] BLOOD VESSELS DIAGRAM [PAR] Image: Blood Vessels [PAR] Blood vessels are comprised of three layers which form the tubular network. The outermost layer is comprised of connective tissue. This layer is known as either tunica externa or advetitia. The middle layer is known as tunica media and is comprised of thin muscular tissue. Throughout this stratum there are diverse amounts of elastic fibers. The inner most layer is a combination of simple squamous epithelium and elastin. The layer of squamous epithelium is termed as the endothelium. All blood vessels have this inner layer as their inner lining. [PAR] BLOOD VESSELS STRUCTURE [PAR] The structure of a capillary is a bit different. They have a basement membrane for support and have only a endothelium layer. Arteries and veins are nearly the same, with the exception of a few vital differences in their structure. The arteries are responsible for the transport of blood away from the heart while veins are responsible for the transport of blood back to the heart. An artery that is compared with the same sized vein is going to have more muscle in their structure. Cross section comparisons show that arteries are more circular than veins. Veins generally do not fill to capacity and therefore have a more relaxed shape. Veins have the capability to expand when filled with additional blood and make up the body\u2019s venous reservoirs. Arteries are also devoid of valves , which veins are equipped with in their structure. [PAR] ARTERIES [PAR] In order for the arteries to expand when the heart fills them with blood and retract when there is absence of blood, the arteries have layers of elastic fibers in between their layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media section. The action of expanding and contracting helps create a more even and less volatile rhythmic pattern of alternating systole and diastole action in the smaller arteries and arterioles. The smaller the artery the less elastic fiber"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hip bone Anatomy | Bone and Spine Hip bone Anatomy | Bone and Spine [PAR] You are here: Home / Anatomy / Hip bone Anatomy [PAR] Hip bone Anatomy [PAR] Published - By Dr Arun Pal Singh Last Edited Apr 1, 2015 @ 5:16 pm [PAR] Hip bone is also known as inominate bone or pelvic bone and is formed by fusion of three bones namely ilium, ischium and pubis bones. Hip bone forms part of pelvis and takes part in hip joint articulation. [PAR] The hip bone is made up of the three parts \u2013 the ilium, pubis and ischium. Prior to puberty, the triradiate cartilage separates these constituents. At the age of 15-17, the three parts begin to fuse. [PAR] Their fusion forms a cup-shaped socket known as the acetabulum, which becomes complete at 20-25 years of age. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint. [PAR] Thus the hip bone has three articulations \u2013 [PAR] Sacroiliac joint \u2013 articulation with sacrum [PAR] Pubic symphysis \u2013 articulation with the other hip bone . [PAR] Hip joint \u2013 articulation with the head of femur. [PAR] Side determination of Hip Bone [PAR] Acetabulum is on lateral side [PAR] Obturator formen lies below the acetabulum, pubis being anterior and ischium posterior [PAR] Flat expanded part, the ilium is above the acetabulum. [PAR] Anatomical Position of Hip Bone [PAR] Pubic tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine lie in same coronal plane . [PAR] Pelvic surface of pubis is directed backwards and upwards [PAR] Symphyseal surface of the body of pubis is in the median plane . [PAR] Ilium [PAR] Ilium is largest part of the hip bone and forms upper expanded plate in upper part and contributes to acetabulum formation in lower part. Roughly two fifth of acetabulum is contributed by ilium. [PAR] Upper end of ilium is called iliac crest. Iliac crest is broad, convex, topmost portion of ilium which can be palpated in the flank area. [PAR] Anterior end of iliac crest is called the anterior superior iliac spine which is a very important anatomical landmark. [PAR] Iliac crest ends posteriorly in the posterior superior iliac spine [Located about dimple of venus about by a dimple 4 cm lateral to the second sacral spine. ] [PAR] Iliac crest is divided in to a ventral segment and a dorsal segment which meet at the tubercle. The ventral segment forms more than the anterior two thirds of the crest. The dorsal segment forms less than the posterior one third of the crest. [PAR] Lower end is fused with ischium and pubis at the acetabulum. [PAR] Ilium has got three borders [anterior, posterior and medial ] and three surfaces [gluteal, iliac, and a sacropelvic surface]. [PAR] Borders of Ilium [PAR] Anterior border of ilium starts at the anterior superior iliac spine and runs downwards to the acetabulum. In upper part , the border has a notch and while its lower part has anterior inferior iliac spine. [PAR] Posterior border extends from the posterior superior iliac spine to the upper end of the posterior border of the ischium. It is marked by prominence called posterior inferior iliac spine and lower a large deep notch called the greater sciatic notch. [PAR] Medial Border is on the inner surface of the ilium from the iliac crest to the iliopubic eminence and separates the iliac fossa from the sacropelvic surface. Its lower rounder part form the iliac part inlet of pelvis or arcuate line . [PAR] Surfaces of Ilium [PAR] Gluteal surface is the outer surface of the ilium,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Urinary Tract System - UrologyStone.com KidneyStones.org [PAR] Ureter [PAR] Function [PAR] The ureter is a thick-walled tube leading from each kidney, which carries urine to the bladder. Urine flows down partly by gravity, but mainly by a wave of contractions, called peristalsis, which pass several times per minute through the muscle layers of the urethral walls. [PAR] Structure [PAR] Each ureter is a tubular organ measuring about 25 centimeters (ten to twelve inches) in length beginning at the funnel-shaped renal pelvis. Within the wall of the ureter are three layers. The inner layer, or mucous coat, is continuous with the linings of the renal tubules above and the urinary bladder below. The middle layer, or the muscular coat, is composed of largely smooth muscle fibers. The outer layer, or the fibrous coat, is primarily composed of connective tissue. Each ureter enters the bladder through a tunnel in the bladder wall, which is angled to prevent the urine from running back into the ureter, known as reflux, when the bladder contracts."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Connective Tissues: Loose, Fibrous, and Cartilage - Boundless Connective Tissues: Loose, Fibrous, and Cartilage [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Connective Tissues: Loose, Fibrous, and Cartilage [PAR] Connective tissue is found throughout the body, providing support and shock absorption for tissues and bones. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Distinguish between the different types of connective tissue [PAR] Key Points [PAR] Fibroblasts are cells that generate any connective tissue that the body needs, as they can move throughout the body and can undergo mitosis to create new tissues. [PAR] Protein fibers run throughout connective tissue, providing stability and support; they can be either collagen , elastic, or reticular fibers. [PAR] Loose connective tissue is not particularly tough, but surrounds blood vessels and provides support to internal organs. [PAR] Fibrous connective tissue, which is composed of parallel bundles of collagen fibers, is found in the dermis, tendons, and ligaments. [PAR] Hyaline cartilage forms the skeleton of the embryo before it is transformed into bone; it is found in the adult body at the tip of the nose and around the ends of the long bones, where it prevents friction at the joints. [PAR] Fibrocartilage is the strongest of the connective tissues; it is found in regions of the body that experience large amounts of stress and require a high degree of shock absorption, such as between the vertebrae. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Full Text [PAR] Connective Tissues [PAR] Connective tissues are composed of a matrix consisting of living cells and a non-living substance, called the ground substance. The ground substance is composed of an organic substance (usually a protein) and an inorganic substance (usually a mineral or water). The principal cell of connective tissues is the fibroblast, an immature connective tissue cell that has not yet differentiated. This cell makes the fibers found in nearly all of the connective tissues. Fibroblasts are motile , able to carry out mitosis, and can synthesize whichever connective tissue is needed. Macrophages , lymphocytes , and, occasionally, leukocytes can be found in some of the tissues, while others may have specialized cells. The matrix in connective tissues gives the tissue its density . When a connective tissue has a high concentration of cells or fibers, it has a proportionally-less-dense matrix. [PAR] The organic portion, or protein fibers, found in connective tissues are either collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers. Collagen fibers provide strength to the tissue, preventing it from being torn or separated from the surrounding tissues. Elastic fibers are made of the protein elastin; this fiber can stretch to one and one half of its length, returning to its original size and shape. Elastic fibers provide flexibility to the tissues. Reticular fibers, the third type of protein fiber found in connective tissues, consist of thin strands of collagen that form a network of fibers to support the tissue and other organs to which it is connected. [PAR] Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue [PAR] Loose connective tissue, also called areolar connective tissue, has a sampling of all of the components of a connective tissue. Loose connective tissue has some fibroblasts, although macrophages are present as well. Collagen fibers are relatively wide and stain a light pink, while elastic fibers are thin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blood Supply to the Kidneys - InnerBody Blood Supply to the Kidneys - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Home > Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular System of the Lower Torso > Blood Supply to the Kidneys [PAR] Blood Supply to the Kidneys [PAR] Providing a constant supply of oxygenated blood to the kidneys is one of the most vital functions of the circulatory system. Despite their relatively small size, the kidneys receive about 20% of the heart\u2019s blood output for filtration. The kidneys\u2019 function is dependent on a constant blood supply, so interruptions in the blood flow to the kidneys may result in tissue death and loss of kidney function. [PAR] Anatomy [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Kidney Blood Filtration [PAR] Full Blood Supply to the Kidneys Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . In the abdomen, the renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta inferior to the superior mesenteric artery and extend laterally toward the kidneys. Just before reaching the kidney, each renal artery divides into five segmental arteries, which provide blood to the various regions of the kidney. Each segmental artery enters the hilus of the kidney and divides into several interlobar arteries, which pass through the renal columns between the renal pyramids and carry blood toward the exterior of the kidney. At the junction between the renal cortex and renal medulla, the interlobar arteries form the arcuate arteries, which turn to follow the contours of the renal pyramids. From the arcuate arteries several branches, known as interlobular arteries, separate at right angles and extend through the renal cortex toward the exterior of the kidney. Each interlobular artery forms several afferent arterioles, which end in a bed of capillaries known as glomeruli where blood is filtered to form urine. [PAR] Physiology [PAR] Kidney function is highly dependent upon sufficient blood pressure in the glomeruli. The arteries and arterioles that provide blood flow to the kidneys must maintain sufficient blood flow to keep the tissues of the kidneys alive and also maintain sufficient blood pressure to allow wastes to be separated from the blood. Interruption of the blood flow through one of the segmental arteries or their branches results in kidney infarction, where kidney tissue dies and ceases to function. Interruption of the blood flow to the entire kidney results in kidney failure. While it is possible to survive with only one functional kidney, loss of both kidneys requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to filter wastes from the blood. [PAR] Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Your Heart & Circulatory System - Kids Health Your Heart & Circulatory System [PAR] Your Heart & Circulatory System [PAR] Tu coraz\u00f3n y sistema circulatorio [PAR] Did you give your friends valentines and little heart-shaped candies on Valentine's Day? Do you ever cross your heart when making a promise that you really, really mean? Or turn on the radio to hear a guy singing about his broken heart? [PAR] We see and hear about hearts everywhere. A long time ago, people even thought that their emotions came from their hearts, maybe because the heart beats faster when a person is scared or excited. Now we know that emotions come from the brain, and in this case, the brain tells the heart to speed up. So what's the heart up to, then? How does it keep busy? What does it look like? Let's find out. [PAR] Working That Muscle [PAR] Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over your body \u2014 in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. [PAR] But the heart muscle is special because of what it does. The heart sends blood around your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste. [PAR] Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. [PAR] [PAR] We Got the Beat [PAR] How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then its muscle contracts to squirt the blood along. When the heart contracts, it squeezes \u2014 try squeezing your hand into a fist. That's sort of like what your heart does so it can squirt out the blood. Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time. The heart is one hard worker! [PAR] continue [PAR] Heart Parts [PAR] The heart is made up of four different blood-filled areas, and each of these areas is called a chamber. There are two chambers on each side of the heart. One chamber is on the top and one chamber is on the bottom. The two chambers on top are called the atria (say: AY-tree-uh). If you're talking only about one, call it an atrium. The atria are the chambers that fill with the blood returning to the heart from the body and lungs. The heart has a left atrium and a right atrium. [PAR] The two chambers on the bottom are called the ventricles (say: VEN-trih-kulz). The heart has a left ventricle and a right ventricle. Their job is to squirt out the blood to the body and lungs. Running down the middle of the heart is a thick wall of muscle called the septum (say: SEP-tum). The septum's job is to separate the left side and the right side of the heart. [PAR] The atria and ventricles work as a team \u2014 the atria fill with blood, then dump it into the ventricles. The ventricles then squeeze, pumping blood out of the heart. While the ventricles are squeezing, the atria refill and get ready for the next contraction. So when the blood gets pumped, how does it know which way to go? [PAR] Well, your blood relies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What tube connects the mouth and the stomach? | Reference.com What tube connects the mouth and the stomach? | Reference.com [PAR] What tube connects the mouth and the stomach? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The tube that connects the mouth and the stomach is the esophagus, according to Dictionary.com. The esophagus is a muscular passage found in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. It's sometimes referred to as the \"gullet.\" [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] WebMD explains that the esophagus is about 8 inches long and is located behind the heart and trachea, or windpipe, and in front of the spine. WebMD notes that the esophagus passes through the diaphragm just prior to entering the stomach. [PAR] Muscles at the top of the esophagus are controlled consciously and are used during breathing, eating, vomiting, belching and in preventing food from entering the windpipe, according to WebMD. The muscles at the bottom of the esophagus are involuntary muscles, and they prevent acid and stomach contents from traveling back into the esophagus.[DOC] [TLE] Stomach tube | definition of stomach tube by Medical ... Stomach tube | definition of stomach tube by Medical dictionary [PAR] Stomach tube | definition of stomach tube by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stomach+tube [PAR] Related to stomach tube: G tube , feeding tube [PAR] stomach [PAR] [stum\u00b4ak] [PAR] the curved, muscular, saclike structure that is an enlargement of the alimentary canal (see digestive system ) and lies between the esophagus and the small intestine; called also gaster. (See also Plates.) adj., adj gas\u00b4tric. [PAR] The wall of the stomach consists of four coats: an outer serous coat; a muscular coat, made up of longitudinal, circular, and oblique muscle fibers; a submucous coat; and a mucous coat or membrane forming the inner lining. The muscles account for the stomach's ability to expand when food enters it. The muscle fibers slide over one another, reducing the thickness of the wall while increasing its area. When empty, the stomach has practically no cavity at all, since its walls are pressed tightly together; when full it holds about 1.4 liters. [PAR] The stomach muscles perform another function. When food enters the stomach, they contract in rhythm and their combined action sends a series of wavelike contractions from the upper end of the stomach to the lower end. These contractions, known as peristalsis , mix the partially digested food with the stomach secretions and ingested liquid until it has the consistency of a thick soup; the contractions then push it gradually by small aliquots into the small intestine. [PAR] The stomach is usually emptied of its digested contents in 1 to 4 hours; the time may be longer, however, depending on the amount and type of food eaten. Foods rich in carbohydrates leave it more rapidly than proteins, and proteins more rapidly than fats. The stomach may continue to contract after it is empty; such contractions stimulate nerves in its wall and may cause hunger pangs. [PAR] The mucous membrane lining the stomach contains innumerable gastric glands; their secretion, gastric juice , contains enzymes, mucin , and hydrochloric acid . Enzymes help to split the food molecules into smaller parts during digestion. The physiologic action of mucin is not fully understood. Hydrochloric acid aids in dissolving the food before the enzymes begin working on it. [PAR] The diagnosis and treatment of stomach disorders has changed markedly with the development of endoscopy . This benign procedure permits direct examination and biopsy of the stomach and has sharply increased the accuracy of diagnosis and, as a result, the effectiveness of medical therapy. In addition, the development"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bones of the Foot - Tarsals - Metatarsals - Phalanges ... Bones of the Foot - Tarsals - Metatarsals - Phalanges - TeachMeAnatomy [PAR] The human foot is a very complex and highly developed structure. The bones of the foot provide mechanical support for the soft tissues, helping the foot withstand the weight of the body. [PAR] The bones of the foot can be divided into three categories: [PAR] Tarsals \u2013 A set of seven irregularly shaped bones. They are situated proximally in the foot, in the ankle area. [PAR] Metatarsals \u2013 These bones connect the phalanges to the tarsals. There are five in number \u2013 one for each digit. [PAR] Phalanges \u2013 The bones of the toes. Each toe has three phalanges \u2013 a proximal, intermediate and distal (except the big toe, which only has two phalanges). [PAR] Fig 1.0 \u2013 Overview of the bones of the human foot. [PAR] Tarsals [PAR] The tarsal bones of the foot are organised into three rows; proximal, intermediate and distal. [PAR] Proximal Group [PAR] The proximal tarsal bones are the talus and the calcaneus. They form the bony framework around the proximal ankle and heel area. [PAR] The talus is the most superior of the tarsal bones. It has three articulations: [PAR] Superiorly: Ankle joint \u2013 between the talus and the bones of the leg (the tibia and fibula). [PAR] Inferiorly: Subtalar joint \u2013 between the talus and calcaneus. [PAR] Anteriorly: Talonavicular joint \u2013 between the talus and the navicular. [PAR] The main function of the talus is to transmit forces from the tibia to the heel bone (known as the calcaneus). Whilst numerous ligaments attach to the talus, it is not a site of muscle attachment or origin. [PAR] Fig 1.1 \u2013 The tarsal bones of the foot. [PAR] The calcaneus lies underneath the talus, and has two articulations: [PAR] Superiorly: Subtalar joint \u2013 between the calcaneus and the talus. [PAR] Anteriorly: Calcaneocuboid joint \u2013 between the calcaneus and the cuboid. [PAR] It is thick and sturdy, acting to transmit forces from the talus to the ground. The posterior aspect of the calcaneus is marked by calcaneal tuberosity, to which the Achilles tendon attaches. [PAR] Intermediate Group [PAR] The intermediate row of tarsal bones contains one bone, the navicular (given its name because it is shaped like a boat). It articulates with the talus posteriorly, the cuneiform bones anteriorly, and the cuboid bone laterally. [PAR] On the plantar surface of the navicular, there is a tuberosity for the attachment of the tibialis posterior tendon. [PAR] Distal Group [PAR] In the distal row, there are four tarsal bones \u2013 the cuboid and the three cuneiforms. These bones articulate with the metatarsals of the foot. [PAR] The cuboid is the most lateral bone in the distal row, articulating with the calcaneus posteriorly, and two metatarsals anteriorly. As the name suggests, it is shaped like a cube. The inferior surface of the cuboid is marked by a groove for the fibularis longus muscle. [PAR] The three cuneiforms (lateral, intermediate and medial) are wedge shaped bones. They articulate with the navicular posteriorly, and the metatarsals anteriorly. The shape of the bones helps form a transverse arch across the foot. [PAR] Clinical Relevance: Fractures of the Talus and Calcaneus [PAR] The talus and the calcaneus sit in the proximal part of the foot and ankle, and are involved in transmitting forces from the body to the ground. They are the most frequently fractured of all the tarsal bones. [PAR] Talus [PAR] Talar fractures occur in two places \u2013 the neck of the talus, or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] what is synovial fluid n wat is its rush? - Health2009.com what is synovial fluid n wat is its rush? [PAR] What is synovial fluid n wat is its stress? [PAR] Answers: [PAR] Synovial fluid is a thick, stringy fluid found contained by the cavities of synovial joint. With its egg-like consistency (synovial comes from Latin for \"egg\"), synovial fluid reduces friction between the articular cartilage and other tissues contained by joints to lubricate and cushion them during movement. [PAR] Overview [PAR] The inner membrane of synovial joint is called the synovial membrane, which secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity. This fluid forms a sunken layer (approximately 50 micrometres) at the surface of cartilage, but also seep into the articular cartilage filling any unfilled space . The fluid within articular cartilage effectively serves as a synovial fluid reserve. During majority movements, the synovial fluid held within the cartilage is squeezed out routinely (so-called weeping lubrication) to maintain a band of fluid on the cartilage surface. [PAR] more: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/synovial_fl... [PAR] It is the fluid around closed joints, approaching the knees. It is very momentous to cushion the joint and keep hold of it lubricated and healthy. Joints that aren't roofed, like the spine, don't hold it, but are cushioned differently. [PAR] Any of the sites below should have the answer you are looking for :-) [PAR] http://adam.nearly.com/encyclopedia/19698... [PAR] Synovial fluid is in adjectives of your freely movable joints. Elbow, Knee ,etc. It's rush is that it keeps your joint lubricated so that there is no friction. So not to mess up your bones. [PAR] Synovial fluid is a viscous colourless fluid that bathe movable joints between the bones of vertebrates. It nourish and lubricates the cartilage at the end of respectively bone. [PAR] The normal knees joint is surrounded by a membrane (the synovium) which produces a small amount of gooey fluid (synovial fluid). The synovial fluid helps to provide for the cartilage and keep it slippery. [PAR] Synovial fluid is secreted by a membrane, the synovium, that links movably jointed bones. The same thoughtful of fluid is found in bursae, the membranous sac that buffer some joints, such as surrounded by the shoulder and hip region. [PAR] Viscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joint and tendon sheaths etc [PAR] synovial common is a type of joint that allows free movements of bones..these joint r lined by a synovial membrane that secrete synovial fluid..Synovial fluid is normally a viscous (thick), straw colored substance that help in free movements of bones inwardly the joints..synovial fluid is tested surrounded by suspected joint pathologies..To gain the fluid for analysis, a sterile needle is inserted into the common space through skin that has be specially cleaned. Once in the pooled, fluid is aspirated through the needle into a sterile syringe.. It is consequently examined microscopically for cells (red and white cells), crystals (in the valise of gout), and bacteria. In assimilation, there may be a chemical analysis, and if infection is a concern, a example will be cultured to see if any bacteria grow. Abnormal cohesive fluid may look cloudy or abnormally gluey. [PAR] Synovial fluid is a thick, stringy fluid found surrounded by the cavities of synovial joint. With its egg-like consistency (synovial comes from Latin for \"egg\"), synovial fluid reduces friction between the articular cartilage and other tissues contained by joints to lubricate and cushion them during movement. [PAR] it is fluid present contained by joint contained by joint cavity.relief in lubrication of unified. [PAR] synovial fluid is the fluid between your joints it keep the bones from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] a. Hemoglobins i. Oxygen-carrying proteins found in the ... a Hemoglobins i Oxygen carrying proteins found in the red - FNH - 250 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] ii. 2/3rds of irons are found here b. Myoglobins i. Oxygen-carrying proteins found in muscle cells (similar to hemoglobins) 4. What are 3 major functions of iron? a. b. Coenzyme for energy production c. Part of an antioxidant enzyme system that stabilizes free radicals 5. What are the forms we store iron as? Where is iron mainly stored? a. Ferritin and Hemosiderin b. Stored in: Liver, bone marrow, intestinal mucosal, bone marrow 6. How do the following affect absorption of iron from our diet: (a) iron status, (b) stomach acid, and (c) amount and type of iron in foods a. Iron status i. Those with lower iron status will have higher absorption of iron (see below) b. Stomach Acid i. An adequate pH of stomach is necessary for iron absorption 1. Ie. Too low pH = decrease iron absorption c. Amount and type of irons in food i. Amount 1. The more iron consumed, the lower the absorption ii. Types 1. Heme iron is more easily absorbed than non-heme iron (See below) 7. What affects iron status? a. Those that are iron deficient: pregnant women, menstruation 8. What is heme iron and what is non-heme iron? a. Heme Iron i. b. Non-heme Iron i. 9. Compare heme iron and non-heme iron in terms of their digestion and food sources a. Heme iron is more absorbable b. Food sources i. Heme Iron: 1. Animal-based foods like fish, meat, poultry ii. Non-heme iron: 1. Animal-based foods like fish, meat, poultry 2. Plant-based foods 10. Animal-based foods are better sources of iron (ie. More readily absorbable) b/c they contain more [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] TERM [PAR] Chapter 10- Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism.docx [PAR] UBC [PAR] FNH 250 - Winter 2014 [PAR] 1. Vitamins and minerals do not provide us with energy. What do they do? a. Are coenz [PAR] Chapter 10- Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism.docx[DOC] [TLE] What Is The Oxygen Carrying Protein Of Muscle Cells ... What Is The Oxygen Carrying Protein Of Muscle Cells - Doctor answers on HealthTap [PAR] What is the oxygen carrying protein of muscle cells? [PAR] 1 doctor agreed: [PAR] Oxygen: The oxygen carrying protein in the whole body is hemoglobin, found in the blood. ...Read more [PAR] Muscle (Definition) [PAR] It is a body tissue that has the ability to contract. It shortens and generates force. It relaxes and returns to its original length. Muscles move joints, stabilize the body, move air and food through the organs, act as valves for bladder, bowel and other organs. They control movement of the eyes. They help us express ourselves by changing the shape of our faces (smile, frown, etc). ...Read more [PAR] 2 [PAR] 2 [PAR] 3 [PAR] 3 [PAR] 4 [PAR] 4 [PAR] Dr. Thomas Knecht Dr. Knecht [PAR] 2 doctors agreed: [PAR] Blood, proteins: Hi. The circulatory system (i.e., blood) carries hormones around the body. Some hormones are bound to specific or not-specific proteins in the circulation. ...Read more [PAR] Dr. Richard Bensinger Dr. Bensinger [PAR] Yes: All cells can take in oxygen ; a normal part of necessary cellular activity. Oxygen is carried by hemoglobin and myoglobin which are red in color. It's not the color that makes the difference but the fact that hemoglobin and myoglobin happen to be red in color. Oxygen carrying molecules in other species are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hormones: the body\u2019s chemical messengers | Visual Dictionary Hormones: the body\u2019s chemical messengers | Visual Dictionary [PAR] Subscribe [PAR] Hormones: the body\u2019s chemical messengers [PAR] The human body secretes and circulates some 50 different hormones. A wide variety of these chemical substances are produced by endocrine cells, most of which are in glands. The hormones then enter the blood system to circulate throughout the body and activate target cells. The endocrine system, tightly linked to the nervous system , controls a large number of the body\u2019s functions: metabolism, homeostasis, growth, sexual activity, and contraction of the smooth and cardiac muscles. [PAR] The endocrine glands [PAR] The endocrine system is composed of nine specialized glands (the pituitary, the thyroid, the four parathyroids, the two adrenals and the thymus) and a number of organs capable of producing hormones (including the pancreas , heart , kidneys , ovaries , testicles and intestines). The hypothalamus , which is not a gland but a nerve center, also plays a major role in the synthesis of hormonal factors. [PAR] The endocrine system [PAR] The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland: the control centers of the endocrine system [PAR] Located under the thalamus, the hypothalamus is composed of several nuclei that control the autonomic nervous system and regulate hunger, thirst, body temperature and sleep. The hypothalamus also influences sexual behavior and controls the emotions of anger and fear. Closely linked to the pituitary gland , it acts as a coordinator between the nervous and endocrine systems. [PAR] Generally considered the master endocrine gland, the pituitary secretes 10 different hormones. Some of these substances then act on the other endocrine glands. Unlike substances produced by the exocrine glands, which flow through ducts, the hormones are released directly into the space that surrounds them by secreting cells. The very high vascularization of endocrine glands enables hormones to spread throughout the blood system via the capillaries. Some of them circulate freely in the blood, while others must attach to carrier proteins to reach the target cells.[DOC] [TLE] Hormonal (endocrine) system - Better Health Channel Hormonal (endocrine) system - Better Health Channel [PAR] Hormonal (endocrine) system [PAR] Endocrine glands secrete hormones straight into the bloodstream. [PAR] Hormones help to control many body functions, such as growth, repair and reproduction. [PAR] The endocrine system involves many organ systems and hormones, many of which are still being investigated and understood. [PAR] Endocrine glands make chemicals called hormones and pass them straight into the bloodstream. Hormones can be thought of as chemical messages. [PAR] From the blood stream, the hormones communicate with the body by heading towards their target cell to bring about a particular change or effect to that cell. The hormone can also create changes in the cells of surrounding tissues (paracrine effect). The endocrine system works with the nervous system and the immune system to help the body cope with different events and stresses. [PAR] This branch of medicine \u2013 relating to the study of the endocrine system \u2013 is called endocrinology and is practiced by endocrinologists. The field is rapidly expanding due to understanding of the cellular pathways that hormones stimulate and the discovery of new hormones and their actions. [PAR] Exocrine glands [PAR] An exocrine gland, unlike an endocrine gland, is a gland that secretes substances (electrolytes, proteins or enzymes) straight to a target site via ducts or tube. Some examples include: [PAR] Salivary glands [PAR] Sebaceous glands [PAR] The pancreas. [PAR] The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ. It releases certain enzymes to aid in digestion delivered to the gut via the pancreatic duct. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The role of Alveoli in the respiratory system The role of Alveoli in the respiratory system [PAR] Home / Training Zone / The Human Body / Respiratory System / Alveoli [PAR] Alveoli [PAR] Part of the respiratory system, these tiny alveoli have a key role in the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide. [PAR] Role in the respiratory system. [PAR] The final branches of the respiratory tree, alveoli are where oxygen from the air enters your blood, and carbon dioxide from your body is expelled back into the air. [PAR] How they work. [PAR] Air enters the body through the nose or mouth, passes through the larynx, down the trachea, and into our lungs. Once it is in your lungs, air goes through a maze of smaller and smaller bronchial tubes until it reaches clusters of tiny sacs the alveoli. In appearance they are somewhat like bunches of grapes. [PAR] Size and where they live. [PAR] These alveoli are tiny, but your lungs are simply packed with them an estimated three hundred million per lung, all required to ensure that your body gets the oxygen it needs. [PAR] Once it is in your lungs, the blood has to get into your blood. The alveoli are the primary gas exchange units of the lung. Quite simply, they are the point where the gas-blood barrier is thin enough to permit rapid gas exchange. [PAR] To get into the blood, oxygen is diffused through the alveolar epithelium, a thin interstitial space, and the capillary endothelium. [PAR] Role also has to be reversed. [PAR] That is only half the process of course this process also has to work in reverse in order to allow CO2, a waste product carried by the blood, to be expelled back into the lungs, and thus out of the body when we exhale.[DOC] [TLE] Human Respiratory System and Lungs; How They Work - WebMD Human Respiratory System and Lungs; How They Work [PAR] Clearing the Air [PAR] You usually don't even notice it, but twelve to twenty times per minute, day after day, you breathe -- thanks to your body's respiratory system . Your lungs expand and contract, supplying life-sustaining oxygen to your body and removing from it, a waste product called carbon dioxide . [PAR] The Act of Breathing [PAR] Breathing starts at the nose and mouth . You inhale air into your nose or mouth , and it travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe, or trachea . Your trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes. [PAR] For your lungs to perform their best, these airways need to be open during inhalation and exhalation and free from inflammation or swelling and excess or abnormal amounts of mucus. [PAR] As the bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. Your body has over 300 million alveoli. [PAR] The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the blood . [PAR] After absorbing oxygen, the blood leaves the lungs and is carried to your heart . Your heart then pumps it through your body to provide oxygen to the cells of your tissues and organs. [PAR] As the cells use the oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood. Your blood then carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it is removed from the body when you exhale. [PAR] The Diaphragm's Role in Breathing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A genotype is the genetic make-up of an individual ... A genotype is the genetic make up of an individual Pearson - BIO - 1100 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Name ______Bennett_ ____ Page 2 of 7 Heredity 4. Explain Mendel\u2019s \u201claw\u201d of \u201cindependent assortment\u201d. When does it occur during cell division? Mendel\u2019s law of independent assortment states that each pair of factors assorts independently of the other pairs and that all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes. (Mader and Windelspecht) This means that the genes from one trait separate independently from the genes of another trait allowing for multiple different outcomes. Independent assortment occurs in meiosis I, specifically in prophase I. 5. Explain Mendel\u2019s \u201claw\u201d of \u201csegregation\u201d. Give an example. Mendel\u2019s law of segregation states that each individual has two factors for each trait and that these factors separate during the formation of gametes. Each gamete then contains only one gene from each pair of genes. Fertilization then gives each new individual two genes for each trait. (Mader and Windelspecht) An example of the law of segregation is shown in the lab when the genes from a tall pea plant are combined with the genes of a dwarf pea plant resulting in the separation of the gametes and allowing for either a tall pea plant or dwarf pea plant as offspring. Genetics Problem Involving a Monohybrid Cross Possible Points 4 Points Deducted Add a row or column to the tables if necessary. 6. A plant that is heterozygous (Pp) for purple flowers is crossed with a plant that is also heterozygous (Pp) for purple flowers. What will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the F 1 generation? Type the possible gene combinations in the Punnett square and then type the genotype and phenotype ratios in the table below the Punnett square. P = purple flowers (dominant) p = white flowers (recessive) P p P PP Pp p Pp pp Genotypes Phenotypes of Flower Colors # of Each Phenotype (data taken from Punnett square) Ratios of Phenotypes PP Homozygous dominant 1 1:4 Purple flowers Purple flowers [PAR] Name ______Bennett_ ____ Page 3 of 7 Heredity Pp Heterozygous 2 1:2 pp Homozygous recessive 1 1:4 Testcross Problem to Determine Unknown Genotypes Possible Points 4 Points Deducted Add a row or column to the tables if necessary. 7. [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muscular and Skeletal Systems Muscular and Skeletal Systems [PAR] MUSCULAR AND SKELETAL SYSTEMS [PAR] Interaction of the Two Systems | Links [PAR] The single-celled protozoan ancestors of animals had their weight supported by water and were able to move by cilia or other simple organelles. The evolution of large and more complex organisms (animals) necessitated the development of support and locomotion systems. Animals use their muscular and skeletal systems for support, locomotion, and maintaining their shape. [PAR] Types of Skeletal Systems | Back to Top [PAR] Movement is a major characteristic of animals. This movement is a result of contraction of muscles. The skeleton helps transmit that movement. Skeletons are either a fluid-filled body cavity, exoskeletons , or internal skeletons. [PAR] Hydrostatic skeletons consist of fluid-filled closed chambers. Internal pressures generated by muscle contractions cause movement as well as maintain the shape of the animals, such as the sea anemone and worms. The sea anemone has one set of longitudinal muscles in the outer layer of the body, and a layer of circular muscles in the inner layer of the body. The anemone can elongate or contract its body by contracting one or the other set of muscles. [PAR] Structure and function of a hydrostatic skeleton. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. [PAR] Exoskeletons are characteristic of the Phylum Arthropoda. Exoskeletons are hard segments that cover the muscles and visceral organs. Muscles for movement attach to the inner surface of the exoskeleton. Exoskeletons restrict the growth of the animal, thus it must shed its exoskeleton (or molt) to form a new one that has room for growth. The bulk and weight of the exoskeleton and associated mechanical problems limits the size animals can attain. Spiders use a combination of an exoskeleton for protection and fluid pressure for movement. [PAR] Exoskeleton of an insect and its relation to the muscular system. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. [PAR] Vertebrates have developed an internal mineralized (in most cases) endoskeleton composed of bone and/or cartilage. Muscles are on the outside of the endoskeleton. Cartilage and bone are types of connective tissue . Sharks, and rays have skeletons composed entirely of cartilage; other vertebrates have an embryonic cartilage skeleton progressively replaced by bone as they mature and develop. Some areas of the human body, however, retain cartilage in the adult: in joints and flexible structures such as the ribs, trachea, nose and ears. [PAR] The human endoskeleton. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. [PAR] Functions of Muscles and Bones | Back to Top [PAR] The skeleton and muscles function together as the musculoskeletal system. This system (often treated as two separate systems, the muscular , and skeletal ) plays an important homeostatic role: allowing the animal to move to more favorable external conditions. Certain cells in the bones produce immune cells as well as important cellular components of the blood. Bone also helps regulate blood calcium levels, serving as a calcium sink. Rapid muscular contraction is important in generating internal heat, another homeostatic function. [PAR] The Axial and Appendicular Skeletons | Back to Top [PAR] The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The appendicular skeleton contains the bones of the appendages (limbs, wings, or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Human Bones: Largest Bone in Body of Humans - einfopedia.com Human Bones: Largest Bone in Body of Humans Information of the world [PAR] Home \u00bb English \u00bb Pair of Words \u00bb Human Bones: Largest Bone in Body of Humans [PAR] Bones are very important to give shape to the body, which raises the question which is being the largest bone in the human body. The size and the diameter of the bone depend on the health, height and sex of a person. The size of the biggest bone in human body of a tall man would be different from a man of an average size. Similarly the size and the thickness of different bones in men and women, whether of same height, would also be different. Keeping a single global size as standard, the details of the biggest and the longest bones are: [PAR] Femur is the largest bone in body . It forms the upper part of human leg. Its average length in adult male is 50.50 centimeter. This bone is also found in mammals, reptiles and vertebrates i.e frog, lizards, amphibians etc. Femur is Latin word which means thigh hence it is also known as thigh bone. [PAR] Tibia is the second largest bone in the human body and no doubt the strongest bone of human body because it bears the body weight of person. It forms the inner-lower part of human leg. The average length of tibia is 43.03 CM. Tibia is Latin word which means an ancient type of musical instrument. Shin bone and shank bone are other names of Tibia. [PAR] Fibula (also known as Calf Bone) is located in the outer-lower part of human leg. Fibula is the third largest bone in the human body. Fibula along with Tibia forms the lower part of human leg as it is located on the lateral side of Tibia. It is relatively weak and thin as compared with Tibia. The average length of tibia is 40.50 CM. [PAR] Humerus bone connects shoulder with elbow in human arm. It is a long bone which consists of three parts i.e. upper extremity of Humerus, body of Humerus and lower extremity of Humerus. Humerus forms the upper part of human arm and many important muscles are attached with it. The average length of tibia is 36.46 CM. [PAR] Ulna forms the inner-lower part of human arm. This fore-arm bone along with radius completes the lower part of human arm. Its average length in 28.20 Cm. In simple words it connects elbow with hand. It is a long and narrow bone with many muscles attached with it. [PAR] Radius is a long bone which forms the outer-lower part of human arm. It is on the lateral side of Ulna and its length is 26.42 cm. Radius is also found in some four-leg animals as lower part of forelimb. Like Ulna it connects hand with elbow. [PAR] 7th rib is part of the 24 ribs found in a human body. The average length of 7th rib is 24.00 CM. Ribs are basically found in Vertebrates and they support the upper body of vertebrates. [PAR] 8th rib: These long and curved bones are considered as the basic structural part of human body. 8th rib is the part of 12 pairs of ribs in human body. The average length of 8th rib is 23.00 CM. [PAR] Innominate bone is also called hipbone or half pelvis. It is the 9th largest bone in human body. Its average length is 18.50 Cm. Innominate bone is either of the two bones that form the sides"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Physics of Light ... Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Physics of Light and Color - Human Vision and Color Perception [PAR] Movie Gallery [PAR] Human Vision and Color Perception [PAR] Human stereo color vision is a very complex process that is not completely understood, despite hundreds of years of intense study and modeling. Vision involves the nearly simultaneous interaction of the two eyes and the brain through a network of neurons, receptors, and other specialized cells. The first steps in this sensory process are the stimulation of light receptors in the eyes, conversion of the light stimuli or images into signals, and transmission of electrical signals containing the vision information from each eye to the brain through the optic nerves. This information is processed in several stages, ultimately reaching the visual cortices of the cerebrum. [PAR] The human eye is equipped with a variety of optical components including the cornea, iris, pupil, aqueous and vitreous humors, a variable-focus lens, and the retina (as illustrated in Figure 1). Together, these elements work to form images of the objects that fall into the field of view for each eye. When an object is observed, it is first focused through the convex cornea and lens elements, forming an inverted image on the surface of the retina, a multi-layered membrane that contains millions of light-sensitive cells. In order to reach the retina, light rays focused by the cornea must successively traverse the aqueous humor (in the anterior chamber), the crystalline lens, the gelatinous vitreous body, and the vascular and neuronal layers of the retina before they reach the photosensitive outer segments of the cone and rod cells. These photosensory cells detect the image and translate it into a series of electrical signals for transmission to the brain. [PAR] Despite some misconceptions due to the wide spectrum of terminology employed for describing eye anatomy, it is the cornea, not the lens, which is responsible for the major part of the total refractive power of the eye. Being smooth and clear as glass, yet as flexible and durable as plastic, the anterior, strongly curved, transparent part of the exterior wall of the eyeball allows the image-forming light rays to pass through to the interior. The cornea also protects the eye by providing a physical barrier that shields the inside of the eye from microorganisms, dust, fibers, chemical, and other harmful materials. Although much thinner in width than the crystalline lens, the cornea provides about 65 percent of the eye's refractive power. Most of the power to bend light resides near the center of the cornea, which is rounder and thinner than the peripheral portions of the tissue. [PAR] As the window that controls the entry of light into the eye, the cornea (Figure 2) is essential to good vision and also acts as an ultraviolet light filter. The cornea removes some of the most damaging ultraviolet wavelengths present in sunlight, thereby further protecting the highly susceptible retina and crystalline lens from damage. If the cornea is curved too much, as in the case of nearsightedness, distant objects will appear as blurry images, because of imperfect light refraction to the retina. In a condition known as astigmatism, imperfections or irregularities in the cornea result in unequal refraction, which creates distortion of images projected onto the retina. [PAR] Unlike most tissues of the body, the cornea does not contain blood vessels for nourishment or to protect it against infection. Even the smallest capillaries would interfere with the precise refraction process. The cornea receives its nourishment from tears and the aqueous humor, which fills"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Male Hormones - Boundless Male Hormones [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Male Hormones [PAR] The onset of puberty is controlled by two major hormones: FSH initiates spermatogenesis and LH signals the release of testosterone. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Explain the function of male hormones in reproduction [PAR] Key Points [PAR] The onset of puberty is signaled by high pulses of GnRH secreted by the hypothalamus ; this in turn signals the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland . [PAR] FSH causes the Sertoli cells of the testes (which help nurse developing sperm cells) to begin the process of spermatogenesis in the testes. [PAR] LH triggers the production of testosterone from the Leydig cells of the testis; testosterone causes the development of secondary sex characteristics in the male. [PAR] As spermatogenesis and testosterone production increase, the Sertoli cells produce inhibin , which, together with rising levels of testosterone, inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Male Hormones [PAR] Puberty is a period of several years in which rapid physical growth and psychological changes occur, culminating in sexual maturity. The average onset of puberty is age 11 or 12 for boys. Some of the most significant parts of pubertal development involve distinctive physiological changes in individuals' height, weight, body composition, and circulatory and respiratory systems. These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity. Hormones play an organizational role, priming the body to behave in a certain way once puberty begins, and an activational role, referring to changes in hormones during adolescence that trigger behavioral and physical changes. [PAR] At the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus begins secreting high pulses of GnRH, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone . In response, the pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) into the male system for the first time. FSH enters the testes, stimulating the Sertoli cells, which help to nourish the sperm cells that the testes produce, to begin facilitating spermatogenesis. LH also enters the testes, stimulating the interstitial cells, called Leydig cells, to make and release testosterone into the testes and the blood. [PAR] Testosterone, the hormone responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics that develop in the male during adolescence, stimulates spermatogenesis, or the process of sperm production in the testes. Secondary sex characteristics include a deepening of the voice, the growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and the beginnings of the sex drive. [PAR] A negative feedback system occurs in the male with rising levels of testosterone acting on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to inhibit the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH . The Sertoli cells produce the hormone inhibin, which is released into the blood when the sperm count is too high. This inhibits the release of GnRH and FSH, which will cause spermatogenesis to slow down. If the sperm count reaches 20 million/ml, the Sertoli cells cease the release of inhibin, allowing the sperm count to increase."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Parts of the Brain Control Respiration - Interactive ... What Parts of the Brain Control Respiration - Interactive Biology, with Leslie Samuel [PAR] What Parts of the Brain Control Respiration [PAR] Shares 22 [PAR] The different parts of the brain with emphasis on the Medulla Oblongata [PAR] First off, lets talk about what respiration is. In order for you to live, your body needs oxygen. Cell s use this oxygen in order for metabolism to take place and without it, you would have no energy. [PAR] When you eat, that food is broken down and the process of respiration allows for you to convert that food into an energy form that can be used by your body. [PAR] In addition to providing the body with Oxygen, it\u2019s also responsible for getting rid of Carbon Dioxide, which is a waste product that is made in the body. [PAR] Now that we have that covered, let\u2019s talk about the involvement of the brain in this process. Your brain starts where the spinal cord enters the skull, and the first section that you encounter is called the Brain Stem. The brain stem contains the following structures: [PAR] The medulla oblongata (I love that name) [PAR] The Pons [PAR] The Midbrain [PAR] The medulla oblongata is involved in regulating many of the bodily processes that are controlled automatically like blood pressure, heart rate and yes, you guessed it . . . RESPIRATION. [PAR] The way this works is relatively straightforward. The medulla oblongata basically detects carbon dioxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) levels in the bloodstream and determines what changes need to happen in the body. [PAR] It can then send nerve impulses to muscle s in the heart and diaphragm , letting them know that they need to either step up their game, or slow down a bit. [PAR] The reason I mentioned the heart is because the respiratory system is very much tied to the circulatory system. [PAR] What Happens During Exercise [PAR] Lifting Weights \ud83d\ude42 [PAR] When you are exercising, you are using your muscle s in a significant way, and your body demands that you take in more oxygen so that it can be delivered to your muscle s. [PAR] You circulatory and respiratory system needs to make sure that the oxygen is getting to the muscle s faster than when you are just chilling. Also, they need to make sure that the CO2 that is produced is taken away efficiently. [PAR] In order for that process to happen efficiently, the medulla oblongata , after sensing what is happening, sends signals to the heart and the respiratory muscle s ( diaphragm and intercostal muscle s). [PAR] You start breathing heavily (increased respiration) to get that O2 in and CO2 out. You heart starts beating faster because not only does the oxygen need to get into the body, but they need to be delivered to the muscle s. [PAR] That gives you a pretty good idea of how the medulla oblongata controls the process of respiration. The main concept here is that there needs to be a good balance of things happening in your system in terms of respiration. [PAR] If your cell s have what they need, your cell s are happy. If they are happy, your body is happy, and hopefully so are you. [PAR] Questions or Comments? [PAR] If you have any questions or comments about how this process works, or what I\u2019ve written here, please post them below in the comments section. [PAR] Infographic[DOC] [TLE] What part of the brain controls breathing and heartbeat ..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keloid Scar of Skin: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments Keloid Scar of Skin: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments [PAR] Keloid Scar of Skin [PAR] Email addresses will not be shared with 3rd parties. See privacy policy [PAR] Thank you. [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Key points [PAR] Keloids are smooth, hard, benign growths that form when scar tissue grows excessively. [PAR] Risk factors include being of African, Asian, or Latino heritage, being pregnant, and being younger than 30 years old. [PAR] Treatments for keloid scarring are not always effective. [PAR] When skin is injured, fibrous tissue, called scar tissue, forms over the wound to repair and protect the injury. In some cases, scar tissue grows excessively, forming smooth, hard growths called keloids. Keloids can be much larger than the original wound. They\u2019re most commonly found on the chest, shoulders, earlobes, and cheeks. However, keloids can affect any part of the body. [PAR] Although keloids aren\u2019t harmful to your health, they may create cosmetic concerns. [PAR] Picture [PAR] What symptoms are associated with keloids? [PAR] Keloids occur from the overgrowth of scar tissue. Symptoms occur at a site of previous skin injury. [PAR] The symptoms of keloids can include: [PAR] a localized area that is flesh-colored, pink, or red in color [PAR] a lumpy or ridged area of skin that\u2019s usually raised [PAR] an area that continues to grow larger with scar tissue over time [PAR] an itchy patch of skin [PAR] Keloid scars tend to be larger than the original wound itself. They may take weeks or months to develop fully. [PAR] While keloid scars may be itchy, they\u2019re usually not harmful to your health. You may experience discomfort, tenderness, or possible irritation from your clothing or other forms of friction. In rare instances, you may experience keloid scarring on a significant amount of your body. When this occurs, the hardened, tight scar tissue may restrict your movements. [PAR] Keloids are often more of a cosmetic concern than a health one. You may feel self-conscious if the keloid is very large or in a highly visible location, such as an earlobe or on the face. Sun exposure or tanning may discolor the scar tissue, making it slightly darker than your surrounding skin. This can make the keloid stand out even more than it already does. Keep the scar covered when you\u2019re in the sun to prevent discoloration. [PAR] What causes the condition? [PAR] being pregnant [PAR] being younger than 30 [PAR] Keloids tend to have a genetic component, which means you\u2019re more likely to have keloids if one or both of your parents has them. According to a study conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, a gene known as the AHNAK gene may play a role in determining who develops keloids and who doesn\u2019t. The researchers found that people who have the AHNAK gene may be more likely to develop keloid scars than those who don\u2019t. [PAR] If people have known risk factors for developing keloids, they may want to avoid getting body piercings, unnecessary surgeries, or tattoos. [PAR] When to seek medical attention [PAR] Keloids typically don\u2019t require medical attention, but you may want to contact your doctor if growth continues, you develop additional symptoms, or you want to have the keloids surgically removed. [PAR] Keloids are benign, but uncontrolled growth may be a sign of skin cancer. After diagnosing keloid scarring by visual"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why does the pulmonary vein carry oxygenated blood ... - Quora Why does the pulmonary vein carry oxygenated blood instead of de-oxygenated blood? - Quora [PAR] Why does the pulmonary vein carry oxygenated blood instead of de-oxygenated blood? [PAR] Written Sep 12, 2015 [PAR] The idea that veins only carry deoxygenated blood is an oversimplification and it's clearly not completely true. That's not what makes a vein a vein. Veins are less muscular than arteries, carry blood back toward the heart from the body, and contain valves. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood because it is carrying blood back from the lungs, where it picked up oxygen. [PAR] Written Sep 19, 2015 [PAR] The definition of a vein is that it brings blood back towards the heart, and it so happens that blood coming back to the heart from the lungs are filled with oxygen, which is exactly what lungs were meant to do. [PAR] The same goes for umbilical veins that actually carry oxygenated blood from the placenta back to the growing foetus. [PAR] And since the flow back to the heart is usually passive (i.e. not pumped), veins have other common characteristics such as having thinner walls (because of lower pressures), valves (preventing reflux), are compressible, etc."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of Human Organs + All Sizes, Functions, Facts, Weights \u2261 List of Human Organs + All Sizes, Functions, Tasks, Weights & Facts [PAR] 23.8 [PAR] Over the skeleton around the body [PAR] At up to 1.95 square meters (21 sq ft) The \u201cderma\u201d is the largest of all human organs and one of the heaviest weighing between 6-10% of body weight. Oil glands stop skin drying out. Skin cells are continuously shedded and replaced. Skin is a versatile organ with an ideal pH value of 5.5. [PAR] Responds to external stimuli (touch, heat) and uses sweat to cool the body and raised hairs (goosebumps) to trap heat and warm the body regulating the overall temperature. Protects us from UV radiation and injury by producing thick skin (calluses). [PAR] Liver [PAR] 3.1 [PAR] Upper right abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm [PAR] Largest gland in the body. The \u201cIecur\u201d or \u201chepar\u201d has a soft smooth surface, left and right lobes and weighs between 1.4-2 kg (3-4.4 lbs). The tissue consists of around 100,000 lobules. [PAR] Stores energy reserves ( vitamins and carbohydrates), detoxifies and breaks down nutrients, produces vital proteins (clotting factors). [PAR] Brain [PAR] 3.0 [PAR] Inside the skull [PAR] The female \u201ccerebrum\u201d weighs around 1.2 kg (2.8 lbs) compared to 1.4 kg (3 lbs) for males. The brain consumes between 20-25% of our total energy intake. The brain consists of 100 billion neurons (somata) and 100 trillion synapses. The neural pathways are 5.8 km (3.6 miles) long in total. We distinguish between: cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and trunk. [PAR] Processes sensory inputs, coordinates behavior and saves information; cerebrum (perception, thinking, acting), diencephalon (feelings like love, fear, anger etc.), cerebellum (balance while walking, running, dancing etc). [PAR] Lungs [PAR] 2.4 [PAR] Inside chest rib cage [PAR] The \u201cpulmo\u201d typically weighs just over 1kg (2.2 lbs) and has a volume between 5-6 liters (10.5-12.7 US pints) with 400 million alveoli. The (smaller) left lung consists of two lobes, the right one of three lobes. [PAR] Gas exchange between air and bloodstream. In other words absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide from the body. [PAR] Heart [PAR] 0.8 [PAR] Under ribcage between your left and right lungs [PAR] The \u201ccor\u201d or \u201ccardia\u201d is a fist-sized, hollow, muscular human organ weighing between 300-350g (10-12 oz), the right and left side of the heart each consist of a chamber and an atrium. [PAR] Of all the human organs the heart is most impressive. At rest it can pump 4.9 liters of blood per minute through our veins. Under duress this can rise to between 20-25 liters of blood per minute. [PAR] Kidney [PAR] 0.7 [PAR] Under ribcage in lower back [PAR] Both kidneys (\u201cren\u201d or \u201cnephros\u201d) weigh about 300 g (10\u00bd oz). Between them the 1.2 million renal corpuscles filter up to 1500 liters (400 US gallons) of blood daily. [PAR] Purifies the blood and filters out toxins from the body, controls the water balance of the body, excretion of waste products through urine production. [PAR] Spleen [PAR] 0.4 [PAR] Below rib cage on your left side [PAR] The spleen is about the size of a fist and weighs between 150 and 200 grams (5-7 oz). It\u2019s located on the abdomen on the left kidney and below the diaphragm. [PAR] Produces red and white blood cell pulp helping the immune system fight infections. [PAR] Pancreas [PAR] 0.22 [PAR] Behind stomach in abdomen [PAR] Wedge shaped organ between 16-20 cm long, 3-4 cm wide and up to 2 cm (3/4\u2033) thick. Weighs around 100 grams (3\u00bd oz). [PAR] The pancreas is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chambers of the Heart - WebMD Chambers of the Heart [PAR] Chambers of the heart [PAR] Chambers of the heart [PAR] The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. [PAR] The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle. [PAR] The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs . [PAR] The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. [PAR] The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body. [PAR] Credits [PAR] Primary Medical ReviewerWilliam H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine [PAR] Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine [PAR] Specialist Medical ReviewerDavid Messenger, MD [PAR] H. Michael O'Connor, MD - Emergency Medicine [PAR] Martin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine [PAR] Current as ofOctober 1, 2015 [PAR] WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise [PAR] This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.\u00a9 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. [PAR] Top Picks[DOC] [TLE] Structures of the Heart - Boundless Structures of the Heart [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Structures of the Heart [PAR] The heart pumps blood through the body with the help of structures such as ventricles, atria, and valves. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Diagram the anatomical structure of the heart [PAR] Key Points [PAR] The heart is divided into four chambers consisting of two atria and two ventricles ; the atria receive blood, while the ventricles pump blood. [PAR] The right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas and the coronary sinus; blood then moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs. [PAR] The lungs re-oxygenate the blood and send it to the left atrium. [PAR] Blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve; blood is pumped out of the left ventricle to the aorta , which sends blood to the organs and muscles of the body. [PAR] The heart is composed of three layers: the epicardium (outer layer), the myocardium (middle layer), and the endocardium (inner layer). [PAR] Terms [PAR] Full Text [PAR] Structure of the Heart [PAR] The heart is a complex muscle that pumps blood through the three divisions of the circulatory system: the coronary (vessels that serve the heart), pulmonary (heart and lungs), and systemic (systems of the body). Coronary circulation intrinsic to the heart takes blood directly from the main artery (aorta) coming from the heart. For pulmonary and systemic circulation , the heart has to pump blood to the lungs or the rest of the body, respectively . [PAR] The mammalian circulatory system is divided into three circuits: the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit, and the coronary circuit. Blood is pumped from veins of the systemic circuit into the right atrium of the heart, then into the right ventricle. Blood then enters the pulmonary circuit and is oxygenated by the lungs. From the pulmonary circuit, blood re-enters the heart through the left atrium. From the left ventricle, blood re-enters the systemic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hip Joint - Anatomy Pictures and Information Hip Joint - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Hip Joint [PAR] Home > Skeletal System > Bones of the Leg and Foot > Hip Joint [PAR] Hip Joint [PAR] The hip joint is one of the most important joints in the human body. It allows us to walk, run, and jump. It bears our body\u2019s weight and the force of the strong muscles of the hip and leg. Yet the hip joint is also one of our most flexible joints and allows a greater range of motion than all other joints in the body except for the shoulder. [PAR] The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint formed between the os coxa (hip bone) and the femur. A round, cup-shaped structure on the os coax, known as the acetabulum, forms the socket for the hip joint. The rounded head of the femur... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Full Hip Joint Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . forms the ball of the joint. [PAR] Hyaline cartilage lines both the acetabulum and the head of the femur, providing a smooth surface for the moving bones to glide past each other. Hyaline cartilage also acts as a flexible shock absorber to prevent the collision of the bones during movement. Between the layers of hyaline cartilage, synovial membranes secrete watery synovial fluid to lubricate the joint capsule. [PAR] Surrounding the hip joint are many tough ligaments that prevent the dislocation of the joint. The strong muscles of the hip region also help to hold the hip joint together and prevent dislocation. [PAR] Functionally, the hip joint enjoys a very high range of motion. The ball-and-socket structure of the joint allows the femur to circumduct freely through a 360-degree circle. The femur may also rotate around its axis about 90 degrees at the hip joint. Only the shoulder joint provides as high of a level of mobility as the hip joint. In addition to being flexible, each hip joint must be capable of supporting half of the body\u2019s weight along with any other forces acting upon the body. During running and jumping, for example, the force of the body\u2019s movements multiplies the force on the hip joint to many times the force exerted by the body\u2019s weight. The hip joint must be able to accommodate these extreme forces repeatedly during intense physical activities. [PAR] If a knee or hip joint breaks in an accident or wears out in old age, a surgeon can replace it with a ball-and-socket joint made from metal and plastic and engineered in such a way that it will duplicate the motions of a human joint. Hip replacement was once impossible because, although joints could easily be produced in a laboratory, the human body rejected the materials. Sometimes the pins that held the artificial joint to other bones worked loose and required further surgery. Some joints, especially the artificial knee, didn't work very well because they were designed like hinges that just opened one way. Later, when the designers realized the knee needed to rotate slightly, they produced a joint that would fulfill these movements as well. [PAR] Medical pioneers finally overcame bodily rejection by making the joints out of non-irritating, man-made materials. Surgeons have now perfected hip and knee replacement surgeries so that recipients are relieved of pain and can walk at a smoother"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sinoatrial Node | Pacemaker of the heart The Sinoatrial Node | Pacemaker of the heart [PAR] Sinoatrial Node [PAR] The SA node (sinoatrial node) is a collection of tissue located in the hearts right atrium. This tissue, like all of the cells in the heart, is capable of producing electrical impulses. The unique function of the SA node however, is that it acts as the pacemaker for the heart. [PAR] For a normal heart, the SA node initiates an electrical impulse causing the heart to beat. This is why a normal heart rhythm is known as a Sinus rhythm. In the event that the sinoatrial node does not work, the heart is very resilient, and will use the AV node as the primary pacemaker. If the AV node also fails, then the Purkinje cells will function as the hearts pacemaker. When the SA node is not functioning correctly, though the hearts rate may be controlled by either the AV node or the Purkinje cells, the heart rate will typically be abnormal. [PAR] There are a number of arrhythmias that can be attributed to a problem with the SA node. Commonly you may see sinus bradycardia or sinus tachycardia. There are also a number of heart block issues that may be attributed to issues with the sinus node. These heart block issues include; SA node Wenckebach, SA node Mobitz II, and SA node exit block. Issues associated with the SA node can usually be diagnosed with an electrocardiogram, which is looking at the hearts electrical function. [PAR] When the SA node can no longer effectively act as the pacemaker for the heart, an artificial pacemaker may be used to control the hearts electrical system. Advanced Cardiac Life Support ( ACLS ) looks at the various conditions that can affect the SA node, and deals with diagnosis, treatment paths, and pharmacology for these various conditions. Most medical professionals that deal with the cardiovascular system, or function as emergency response have ACLS certification , to ensure they can properly deal with SA node and other heart problems. [PAR] The SA node is both controlled and influenced by both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system. This control/influence can adjust both the heart rate, and force of contractions. So while the heart beat occurs without conscious effort, it can also be influenced by your surroundings. For example, your heart rate will increase with exercise, slow down while you're sleeping, or increase in preparation for a fight or flight situation. [PAR] The SA node is supplied blood from the SA node artery, but can still be affected during myocardial infarction which can cause death to the SA node cells. This may cause a deficiency in the SA node's ability to act as a pacemaker, and can also lead to sick sinus syndrome. [PAR] \u00a9 sinoatrialnode.net"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Exactly Is an Allergy? - Know More. Feel Better. What Exactly Is an Allergy? [PAR] Insect Allergies [PAR] What is Happening During an Allergic Reaction? [PAR] During an allergic process, the substance responsible for causing the allergy , or allergen, binds to allergic antibodies present on allergic cells in a person's body, including mast cells and basophils. These cells then release chemicals such as histamine and leukotrienes, resulting in allergic symptoms. [PAR] How do Allergies Start? [PAR] The allergic person can make allergic antibodies, or IgE, against a variety of allergens, including pollens , molds, animal danders, dust mites, foods, venoms and medications. [PAR] This occurs through a process called sensitization, where a person\u2019s immune system is exposed to enough of the allergen to make the body produce allergic antibodies to that substance. [PAR] With later exposures, that same allergen binds to its corresponding IgE on allergic cells, and the body reacts with symptoms of allergies. [PAR] Allergic symptoms can vary somewhat with the type of allergen and route of exposure (airborne pollen exposure may cause different symptoms than eating a food to which you are allergic). [PAR] When and Why do People Develop Allergies? [PAR] It is unknown why some people develop allergies and some don\u2019t. Allergies seem to run in families, and in some cases, family members can share allergies to specific foods or medications. It appears that the allergic response was once meant to protect the body against parasitic infections, although now seems to be an abnormal response to non-infectious triggers. [PAR] Allergies can occur at any time during our lives, but are more common to occur during childhood or young adulthood.[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Allergic reaction - MedicineNet Definition of Allergic reaction [PAR] Our Allergic Cascade Main Article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of Allergic Cascade [PAR] Definition of Allergic reaction [PAR] Nasal Allergy Relief Products Slideshow [PAR] Allergic reaction: The hypersensitive response of the immune system of an allergic individual to a substance. [PAR] When an allergen enters the body, it causes the body's immune system to develop an allergic reaction in a person with an allergy to it. This reaction can occur when the immune system attacks a normally harmless substance (the allergen). The immune system calls upon a protective antibody called immunoglobulin E or IgE to fight these invading substances. Even though everyone has some IgE, an allergic person has an unusually large army of these IgE defenders -in fact, too many for their own good. This army of IgE antibodies attacks and engages the invading army of allergic substances of allergens. As is often the case in war, innocent bystanders are affected by this battle. These innocent bystanders are special cells called mast cells. When a mast cell is injured or irritated, it releases a variety of strong chemicals, including histamine, into the tissues and blood that promote allergic reactions. These chemicals are very irritating and cause itching, swelling, and fluid leaking from nearby cells. These allergic chemicals can cause muscle spasm and can lead to lung airway and throat tightening as is found in asthma and loss of voice. They are also what leads to the familiar hay fever or allergic rhinitis and common pink eye . [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Insulin Works in the Body - Verywell How Insulin Works in the Body [PAR] How Insulin Works in the Body [PAR] Search the site [PAR] By Elizabeth Woolley - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. [PAR] Updated November 14, 2016 [PAR] Insulin has a hand in several processes in your body: Not only does it assist with metabolizing carbohydrates and storing glucose for energy in cells, but it also helps utilize the fat, protein, and certain minerals you eat. Because this hormone is so important in helping your body use the foods you ingest, a problem with insulin can have widespread effects on all of your body's systems, tissues, and organs\u2014either directly or indirectly. [PAR] If you have type 2 diabetes, learning how insulin works can help you understand why so many other medical conditions are associated with diabetes, why certain lifestyle practices are beneficial, and how your body reacts to food. [PAR] Where Insulin is Produced in the Body [PAR] Insulin is a hormone made up of a small polypeptide protein that is secreted by the pancreas, which acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. Endocrine glands are the system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions. Exocrine glands aid in digestion. [PAR] The pancreas sits behind the stomach, nestled in the curve of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), and contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans. Islets are made up of beta cells, which produce and release insulin into the bloodstream. [PAR] Insulin is Part of a Balancing Act [PAR] Insulin affects carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. Your body breaks these nutrients down into sugar molecules, amino acid molecules, and lipid molecules, respectively. [PAR] The body can also store and reassemble these molecules into more complex forms. Insulin causes the storage of these nutrients, while another pancreatic hormone called glucagon releases them from storage. [PAR] Insulin is involved in your body's careful balancing act to keep your blood sugar levels within a normal range. [PAR] In simple terms: [PAR] If your blood sugar is high: The pancreas releases insulin to help cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream to lower blood sugar levels. [PAR] If your blood sugar is low: The pancreas releases glucagon to help the liver release stored glucose into the bloodstream to raise blood sugar levels. [PAR] Blood sugar levels rise when most foods are consumed, but they rise more rapidly and drastically with carbohydrates. The digestive system releases glucose from foods and the glucose molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream. The rising glucose levels signal the pancreas to secrete insulin to clear out glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin binds with insulin receptors on cell surfaces and acts as a key to open up the cells to receive glucose. Insulin receptors are on almost all tissues, including muscle cells and fat cells. [PAR] Insulin receptors have two main components\u2014the exterior and interior portions. The exterior portion extends outside the cell and binds with insulin. When this happens, the interior part of the receptor sends out a signal inside the cell for glucose transporters to mobilize to the surface and receive glucose. [PAR] As blood sugar and insulin levels decrease, the receptors empty and the glucose transporters go back into the cell. [PAR] Insulin and Type 2 Diabetes [PAR] In a perfect situation, glucose from carbohydrates gets cleared rapidly. However, when there is insulin resistance , this does not happen, and sustained high glucose levels become a problem. Insulin resistance can be due to a problem with the shape of the insulin (preventing receptor binding), not having"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Absorption of Water and Electrolytes Absorption of Water and Electrolytes [PAR] Glossary [PAR] Absorption of Water and Electrolytes [PAR] The small intestine must absorb massive quantities of water. A normal person or animal of similar size takes in roughly 1 to 2 liters of dietary fluid every day. On top of that, another 6 to 7 liters of fluid is received by the small intestine daily as secretions from salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver and the small intestine itself. [PAR] By the time the ingesta enters the large intestine, approximately 80% of this fluid has been absorbed. Net movement of water across cell membranes always occurs by osmosis , and the fundamental concept needed to understand absorption in the small gut is that there is a tight coupling between water and solute absorption. Another way of saying this is that absorption of water is absolutely dependent on absorption of solutes, particularly sodium: [PAR] Sodium is absorbed into the cell by several mechanisms, but chief among them is by cotransport with glucose and amino acids - this means that efficient sodium absorption is dependent on absorption of these organic solutes. [PAR] Absorbed sodium is rapidly exported from the cell via sodium pumps - when a lot of sodium is entering the cell, a lot of sodium is pumped out of the cell, which establishes a high osmolarity in the small intercellular spaces between adjacent enterocytes. [PAR] Water diffuses in response to the osmotic gradient established by sodium - in this case into the intercellular space. It seems that the bulk of the water absorption is transcellular, but some also diffuses through the tight junctions. [PAR] Water, as well as sodium, then diffuses into capillary blood within the villus. [PAR] Examine the animation above and consider the osmotic gradient between the lumen and the intercellular space (inside the villus). As sodium (green balls) is rapidly pumped out of the cell, it achieves very high concentration in the narrow space between enterocytes. The osmotic gradient is thus formed across apical cell membranes and their connecting junctional complexes. The arrow that appears denotes movement of water across the epithelium. [PAR] Water is thus absorbed into the intercellular space by diffusion down an osmotic gradient. However, looking at the process as a whole, transport of water from lumen to blood is often against an osmotic gradient - this is important because it means that the intestine can absorb water into blood even when the osmolarity in the lumen is higher than osmolarity of blood. [PAR] This ability is best explained by the \" three compartment model \" for absorption of water and, like many aspects of gut permeability, varies along the length of the gut. The proximal small intestine functions as a highly permeable mixing segment, and absorption of water is basically isotonic. That is, water is not absorbed until the ingesta has been diluted out to just above the osmolarity of blood. The ileum and especially the colon are able to absorb water against an osmotic gradient of several hundred milliosmols."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Islets of Langerhans - MedicineNet Definition of Islets of Langerhans [PAR] Definition of Islets of Langerhans [PAR] Causes of a Heart Attack Slideshow [PAR] Islets of Langerhans: Known as the insulin -producing tissue, the islets of Langerhans do more than that. They are groups of specialized cells in the pancreas that make and secrete hormones. Named after the German pathologist Paul Langerhans (1847-1888), who discovered them in 1869, these cells sit in groups that Langerhans likened to little islands in the pancreas. There are five types of cells in an islet: alpha cells that make glucagon , which raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood; beta cells that make insulin; delta cells that make somatostatin which inhibits the release of numerous other hormones in the body; and PP cells and D1 cells, about which little is known. Degeneration of the insulin-producing beta cells is the main cause of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pupil: Light, Perception & Life Science Activity ... Pupil: Light, Perception & Life Science Activity | Exploratorium Teacher Institute Project [PAR] None needed. [PAR] To Do and Notice [PAR] Place the magnifying glass on the surface of the mirror. Look into the center of the magnifying glass with one eye. If you wear contact lenses or glasses, you may either leave them on or remove them. [PAR] Adjust your distance from the mirror until you see a sharply focused and enlarged image of your eye. You may need to adjust the position of the magnifier to get the clearest image of your eye. Notice the white of your eye, the colored disk of your iris, and your pupil, the black hole in the center of your iris. [PAR] Shine a light into the pupil of one eye. If you are using a small mirror, hold the flashlight behind the mirror and shine the light around the edge of the mirror into your eye. If you are using a large mirror, bounce the flashlight beam off the mirror into your eye. Observe how your pupil changes size. [PAR] Notice that it takes longer for your pupil to dilate than it does to contract. Notice also that the pupil sometimes overshoots its mark. You can see it shrink down too far, and then reopen slightly. [PAR] Observe changes in the size of one pupil while you, or a partner, shine a light into and away from the other eye. [PAR] In a dimly lit room, open and close one eye while observing the pupil of the other eye in the mirror. [PAR] What's Going On? [PAR] The pupil is an opening that lets light into your eye. Since most of the light entering your eye does not escape, your pupil appears black. In dim light, your pupil expands to allow more light to enter your eye. In bright light, it contracts. Your pupil can range in diameter from 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) to more than 1/3 inch (8 mm). [PAR] Light detected by the retina of your eye is converted to nerve impulses that travel down the optic nerve. Some of these nerve impulses go from the optic nerve to the muscles that control the size of the pupil. More light creates more impulses, causing the muscles to close the pupil. Part of the optic nerve from one eye crosses over and couples to the muscles that control the pupil size of the other eye. That\u2019s why the pupil of one eye can change when you shine the light into your other eye. [PAR] In this experiment, the light reflecting from your eye passes through the magnifying lens twice\u2014once on its way to the mirror and once on its way back. Therefore, the image of your eye is magnified twice by the magnifying glass. [PAR] Going Further [PAR] The size of your pupils actually reflects the state of your body and mind. Pupil size can change because you are fearful, angry, in pain, in love, or under the influence of drugs. Not only does the pupil react to emotional stimuli, it is itself an emotional stimulus. The size of a person\u2019s pupils can give another person a strong impression of sympathy or hostility. [PAR] The response of the pupil is an involuntary reflex. Like the knee-jerk reflex, the pupillary response is used to test the functions of people who might be ill or injured. You may have seen a doctor shine light into the eyes of a person with a suspected head injury\u2014they are looking at the pupillary response. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Names of the Enzymes in the Mouth & Esophagus - Synonym Names of the Enzymes in the Mouth & Esophagus | The Classroom | Synonym [PAR] Names of the Enzymes in the Mouth & Esophagus [PAR] by Andrea Becker [PAR] The enzymes in your saliva start the digestion process when you put food in your mouth. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] How Does Temperature Affect Metabolism? [PAR] You might think of the stomach or the intestines when you think of digestive enzymes, but the process of digestion starts the moment food enters your mouth. The mouth and esophagus themselves don\u2019t produce any enzymes, but saliva, produced in the salivary glands and excreted into the mouth, contains several important enzymes. Saliva is mixed with food as you chew, acting as a lubricant and starting the digestion process. The enzymes in saliva start to break down nutrients and protect you from bacteria. [PAR] Salivary Amylase [PAR] One of the primary enzymes in saliva is amylase. Amylase starts to break down starches in the food you eat. Starches are long chains of sugars attached to each other, and amylase breaks the bonds along the chain to release maltose sugar molecules. To experience amylase in action, chew on a cracker for a minute and you will find that it starts to taste sweet. Amylase functions in a neutral to slightly basic environment, which is definitely not to be found in the acid bath that is your stomach. [PAR] Lysozyme Secretion [PAR] Lysozyme is secreted in your tears, the mucus in your nose and your saliva. Lysozyme isn\u2019t there to digest your food, it is there to protect you from any harmful bacteria that came with it. Lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharides in the cell walls of many bacteria. Once the cell wall has been broken down, a bacterium dies, bursting like a water balloon. In scientific terms, cell death by popping is known as lysis, so the enzyme that accomplishes the task is called lysozyme. [PAR] Lingual Lipase [PAR] Lingual lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, specifically triacylglycerols. It is excreted as part of saliva, but it doesn\u2019t finish its job until it gets to the stomach. The amount of lingual lipase in your saliva decreases as you get older, and gastric and pancreatic lipase lower down in your digestive system take over the job of digesting fats. Lingual lipase is very important for infants because it helps them digest the fats in milk, making digestion much easier for their immature systems. [PAR] Salivary Kallikrein [PAR] Kallikrein is the name for a group of proteases, enzymes that break down proteins, which are found throughout the body, including trace amounts in the saliva. The function of salivary kallikrein is not to digest the proteins you consume, however. Salivary kallikrein breaks down very specific proteins with a high molecular weight to produce bradykinin, a protein that helps blood vessels dilate. Changes to kallikrein enzymes have also been linked to certain cancers. [PAR] References[DOC] [TLE] Digestive Enzymes - Biology Online Digestive Enzymes - Biology Online [PAR] Digestive Enzymes [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Have you ever thought what happens to the food after you have taken it into your mouth? [PAR] How those big steak pieces end up into small amino acids.....how those rice ends up giving you glucose? How those fatty food you eat end up into fatty acid and glycerol?...and where do all the extra things go? [PAR] So today I\u2019m going to tell you everything about digestion.... from the time you put your food into you mouth till the time you go defecate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] You & Your Hormones | Glands | Pituitary gland You & Your Hormones | Glands | Pituitary gland [PAR] You & Your Hormones [PAR] Email article to a friend | Last updated: January 21, 2015 [PAR] The pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing. It is referred to as the body\u2019s \u2018master gland\u2019 because it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands. [PAR] Computer artwork of a person's head showing the left hemisphere of the brain inside. The highlighted area (centre) shows the pituitary gland attached to the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. [PAR] Alternative names [PAR] Hypophysis. [PAR] Where is my pituitary gland? [PAR] The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland. It sits in the sella turcica (\u2018Turkish saddle\u2019), a bony hollow in the base of the skull, underneath the brain and behind the bridge of the nose. Although the pituitary gland looks like one gland, it actually has two distinct parts, the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland. The gland is attached to the hypothalamus , the part of the brain that controls its activity. The anterior part of the pituitary gland consists of gland cells, which are connected to the brain by very short blood vessels. The posterior pituitary gland is actually part of the brain and it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream under the command of the brain. [PAR] What does my pituitary gland do? [PAR] The pituitary gland is called the \u2018master gland\u2019 as the hormones it produces control so many different processes in the body. It senses the body\u2019s needs and sends signals to different organs and glands throughout the body to regulate their function and maintain an appropriate environment. It secretes a variety of hormones into the bloodstream which act as messengers to transmit information from the pituitary gland to distant cells, regulating their activity. For example, the pituitary gland produces prolactin , which acts on the breasts to induce milk production. The pituitary gland also secretes hormones that act on the adrenal glands , thyroid gland , ovaries and testes , which in turn produce other hormones. Through production of its hormones, the pituitary gland controls metabolism , growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, blood pressure and many other vital physical functions and processes. [PAR] What hormones does my pituitary gland produce? [PAR] The anterior pituitary gland produces the following hormones and releases them into the bloodstream: [PAR] Adrenocorticotropic hormone , which stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones, principally cortisol [PAR] [PAR] Thyroid stimulating hormone , which stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones. [PAR] There are also some hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus and then stored in the posterior pituitary gland prior to being released into the bloodstream. These are: [PAR] Anti-diuretic hormone , which controls water balance and blood pressure. It is made by the hypothalamus but is stored in the posterior pituitary gland prior to being released into the bloodstream. [PAR] [PAR] Oxytocin , which stimulates uterine contractions during labour and milk secretion during breastfeeding. It is made by the hypothalamus but is stored in the posterior pituitary gland prior to being released into the bloodstream. [PAR] Each of these hormones is made by a separate type of cell within the pituitary gland, except for follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone, which are made together by the same cell. [PAR] What could go wrong with my pituitary gland? [PAR] The pituitary gland is an important gland in the body and the hormones"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hyperpigmentation, Hypopigmentation, and Your Skin - WebMD Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation: Albinism, Vitiligo, and More [PAR] Pigmentation is the coloring of a person's skin . When a person is healthy, his or her skin color will appear normal. In the case of illness or injury, the person's skin may change color, becoming darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter (hypopigmentation). [PAR] Hyperpigmentation and Skin [PAR] Hyperpigmentation in skin is caused by an increase in melanin, the substance in the body that is responsible for color (pigment). Certain conditions, such as pregnancy or Addison's disease (decreased function of the adrenal gland), may cause a greater production of melanin and hyperpigmentation. Exposure to sunlight is a major cause of hyperpigmentaion, and will darken already hyperpigmented areas. [PAR] Hyperpigmentation can also be caused by various drugs, including some antibiotics , antiarrhythmics, and antimalarial drugs. [PAR] Melasma [PAR] An example of hyperpigmentation is melasma (also known as chloasma). This condition is characterized by tan or brown patches, most commonly on the face. Melasma can occur in pregnant women and is often called the \"mask of pregnancy;\" however, men can also develop this condition. Melasma sometimes goes away after pregnancy. It can also be treated with certain prescription creams (such as hydroquinone ). [PAR] If you have melasma, try to limit your exposure to daylight. Wear a broad-brimmed hat and use a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher at all times, because sunlight will worsen your condition. Sunscreens containing the physical blockers zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are also helpful in blocking daylight\u2019s UVA rays, which makes hyperpigmentation worse. [PAR] Consult with your doctor before treating the condition yourself. [PAR] Hypopigmentation and Skin [PAR] Hypopigmentation in skin is the result of a reduction in melanin production. Examples of hypopigmentation include: [PAR] Vitiligo : Vitiligo causes smooth, white patches on the skin. In some people, these patches can appear all over the body. It is an autoimmune disorder in which the pigment-producing cells are damaged. There is no cure for vitiligo, but there are several treatments, including cosmetic cover-ups, corticosteroid creams, or ultraviolet light treatments. [PAR] Albinism : Albinism is a rare inherited disorder caused by the absence of an enzyme that produces melanin. This results in a complete lack of pigmentation in skin, hair , and eyes . Albinos have an abnormal gene that restricts the body from producing melanin. There is no cure for albinism. People with albinism should use a sunscreen at all times because they are much more likely to get sun damage and skin cancer . This disorder can occur in any race, but is most common among whites. [PAR] Pigmentation loss as a result of skin damage: If you've had a skin infection, blisters , burns, or other trauma to your skin, you may have a loss of pigmentation in the affected area. The good news with this type of pigment loss is that it's frequently not permanent, but it may take a long time to re-pigment. Cosmetics can be used to cover the area, while the body regenerates the pigment. [PAR] Continued"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] You & Your Hormones | Hormones | Progesterone You & Your Hormones | Hormones | Progesterone [PAR] You & Your Hormones [PAR] Email article to a friend | Last updated: January 14, 2015 [PAR] Progesterone is a hormone released by the corpus luteum in the ovary. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. It may also be involved in the growth of certain cancers. [PAR] What is progesterone? [PAR] Progesterone belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens . It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. [PAR] During the menstrual cycle, when an egg is released from the ovary at ovulation (approximately day 14), the remnants of the ovarian follicle that enclosed the developing egg form a structure called the corpus luteum. This releases progesterone and, to a lesser extent, oestradiol . The progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy in the event that the released egg is fertilised. If the egg is not fertilised, the corpus luteum breaks down, the production of progesterone falls and a new menstrual cycle begins. [PAR] If the egg is fertilised, progesterone stimulates the growth of blood vessels that supply the lining of the womb (endometrium) and stimulates glands in the endometrium to secrete nutrients that nourish the early embryo. Progesterone then prepares the tissue lining of the uterus to allow the fertilised egg to implant and helps to maintain the endometrium throughout pregnancy. During the early stages of pregnancy, progesterone is still produced by the corpus luteum and is essential for supporting the pregnancy and establishing the placenta . Once the placenta is established, it then takes over progesterone production at around week 12 of pregnancy. During pregnancy, progesterone plays an important role in the development of the foetus; stimulates the growth of maternal breast tissue; prevents lactation; and strengthens the pelvic wall muscles in preparation for labour . The level of progesterone in the body steadily rises throughout pregnancy until labour occurs and the baby is born. [PAR] Although the corpus luteum in the ovaries is the major site of progesterone production in humans, progesterone is also produced in smaller quantities by the ovaries themselves, the adrenal glands and, during pregnancy, the placenta. [PAR] How is progesterone controlled? [PAR] The formation of the corpus luteum (which produces the majority of progesterone) is triggered by a surge in luteinising hormone production by the anterior pituitary gland . This normally occurs at approximately day 14 of the menstrual cycle and it stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary and the formation of the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum then releases progesterone which prepares the body for pregnancy. If the egg is not fertilised and no embryo is conceived, the corpus luteum breaks down and the production of progesterone decreases. As the lining of the womb is no longer maintained by progesterone from the corpus luteum, it breaks away and menstrual bleeding occurs, marking the start of a new menstrual cycle. [PAR] However, if the ovulated egg is fertilised and gives rise to an embryo, the cells that surround this early embryo (which are destined to form the placenta) will secrete human chorionic gonadotrophin . This hormone has a very similar chemical structure to luteinising hormone. This means it can bind to and activate the same receptors as luteinising hormone, meaning that the corpus luteum does not break down and instead keeps producing progesterone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Adrenal Glands | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library Adrenal Glands | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library [PAR] Adrenal Glands: What You Need to Know [PAR] Adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys. [PAR] Adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions. [PAR] Adrenal glands are composed of two parts \u2014 the cortex and the medulla \u2014 which are each responsible for producing different hormones. [PAR] When adrenal glands don\u2019t produce enough hormones, this can lead to adrenal insufficiency (Addison\u2019s disease). [PAR] Adrenal glands may develop nodules that can be benign or malignant. These nodules may produce excessive amounts of certain hormones leading to various health issues. [PAR] Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands [PAR] An adrenal gland is made of two main parts: [PAR] The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of an adrenal gland. It is divided into three separate zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Each zone is responsible for producing specific hormones. [PAR] The adrenal medulla is located inside the adrenal cortex in the center of an adrenal gland. It produces several \u201cstress hormones,\u201d including adrenaline. [PAR] The adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla are enveloped in an adipose capsule that forms a protective layer around an adrenal gland. [PAR] Hormones of the Adrenal Glands [PAR] The role of the adrenal glands in your body is to release certain hormones directly into the bloodstream. Many of these hormones have to do with how the body responds to stress, and some are vital to existence. Both parts of the adrenal glands \u2014 the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla \u2014 perform distinct and separate functions. [PAR] Each zone of the adrenal cortex secretes a specific hormone. The key hormones produced by the adrenal cortex include: [PAR] Cortisol [PAR] Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the zona fasciculata that plays several important roles in the body. It helps control the body\u2019s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates; suppresses inflammation; regulates blood pressure; increases blood sugar; and can also decrease bone formation. [PAR] This hormone also controls the sleep/wake cycle. It is released during times of stress to help your body get an energy boost and better handle an emergency situation. [PAR] How Adrenal Glands Work to Produce Cortisol [PAR] Adrenal glands produce hormones in response to signals from the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the brain. For example, for the adrenal gland to produce cortisol: [PAR] The hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). [PAR] The ACTH then stimulates the adrenal glands to make and release cortisol hormones into the blood. [PAR] Normally, both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland can sense whether the blood has the right amount of cortisol in it. If there is too much or too little cortisol, these glands respectively change the amount of CRH and ACTH that gets released. [PAR] Excess cortisol production can occur from nodules in the adrenal gland or excess production of ACTH from a tumor in the pituitary gland or other source. [PAR] Aldosterone [PAR] This mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa plays a central role in regulating blood pressure and certain electrolytes (sodium and potassium). Aldosterone sends signals to the kidneys, resulting in the kidneys absorbing more sodium into the bloodstream and releasing potassium into the urine. This means that aldosterone also helps regulate the blood pH by controlling the levels of electrolytes in the blood. [PAR] DHEA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Endorphins | definition of endorphins by Medical dictionary Endorphins | definition of endorphins by Medical dictionary [PAR] Endorphins | definition of endorphins by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endorphins [PAR] Related to endorphins: dopamine , serotonin [PAR] en\u00b7dor\u00b7phins [PAR] (en-d\u014dr'finz, en'd\u014dr-finz), [PAR] Opioid peptides originally isolated from the brain but now found in many parts of the body; in the nervous system, endorphins bind to the same receptors that bind exogenous opiates. A variety of endorphins (for example, \u03b1, \u03b2, and \u03b3) that vary not only in their physical and chemical properties but also in physiologic action have been isolated. [PAR] [fr. endogenous morphine] [PAR] endorphins [PAR] A number of morphine-like peptide substances naturally produced in the body and for which morphine receptors exist in the brain. Many of these active substances have been found, all with the same opioid core of five amino acids. They are neurotransmitters and have a wide range of functions. They help to regulate heart action, general hormone function, the mechanisms of shock from blood loss and the perception of pain, and are probably involved in controlling mood, emotion and motivation. They are thought to be produced under various circumstances in which acute relief of pain or mental distress is required. At least some of the endorphins are produced by the PITUITARY gland as part of the precursor of the ACTH molecule. Endorphins are fragments cleaved from the beta-lipotropin component of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ). The term derives from the phrase \u2018endogenous morphines\u2019. [PAR] Endorphins [PAR] Pain-killing substances produced in the human body and released by stress or trauma. Some researchers think that people who mutilate themselves are trying to trigger the release of endorphins. [PAR] Mentioned in: Methadone , Pet Therapy , Self-Mutilation , Stress Reduction [PAR] endorphins [PAR] group of opioid peptides made in nerve cells in the brain and released from their axons as neurotransmitters or neurohormones, which bind to and activate opioid receptors of other cells (where opioid drugs also act). The first to be identified in brain tissue (1970s) were named enkephalins; many more were later identified. They are released in strenuous exercise and in stressful or painful situations. Subgroups have varied and widespread actions, diminishing the sensation of pain, inducing euphoria (e.g. 'runner's high') and interacting with the immune system. [PAR] endorphins [PAR] naturally occurring opioids liberated within brain, spinal cord and peripheral tissues during exercise; interact with tissue opiate receptors, inducing pain reduction, euphoria and general well-being [PAR] endorphins, [PAR] n.pl polypeptides produced in the body that bind the neuroreceptors in brain and act on the central and peripheral nervous system to alleviate pain. [PAR] en\u00b7dor\u00b7phins [PAR] (en-d\u014dr'finz)[DOC] [TLE] Neurotransmitters - Anatomy & Physiology - WikiVet English Neurotransmitters - Anatomy & Physiology - WikiVet English [PAR] Neurotransmitters - Anatomy & Physiology [PAR] Created by the veterinary profession for you - find out more about WikiVet [PAR] Did you know you can edit or help WikiVet\u00ae in other ways? [PAR] Contents [PAR] Image from Aspinall, The Complete Textbook of Veterinary Nursing , Elsevier Health Sciences, All rights reserved [PAR] Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate signals between neurones and cells. They can be classified into two main groups; small-molecule transmitters (SMT) and neuropeptides. [PAR] SMTs are synthesised within nerve terminals via enzymes that are produced within the cell body. Within most nerve junctions, the terminal membrane of the nerve contains numerous specific transport proteins that facilitate the transport of the majority of the SMTs back into the nerve terminal, effectively recycling the neurotransmitter. [PAR] Neuropeptides are constructed of around 3 - 40 amino acid"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Epinephrine Molecule - World of Molecules Home Page The Sucrose Molecule [PAR] The Epinephrine Molecule using Jmol -- For 3D Structures [PAR] Epinephrine or adrenaline (European Pharmacopoeia and BAN) , sometimes spelled \"epinephrin\" or \"adrenalin\" respectively, is a hormone when carried in the blood and a neurotransmitter when it is released across a neuronal synapse. It is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. The Latin roots ad-+renes and the Greek roots epi-+nephros both literally mean \"on/to the kidney\" (referring to the adrenal gland, which sits atop the kidneys and secretes epinephrine). Epinephrine is sometimes shortened to epi or to EP in medical jargon. [PAR] History [PAR] In May 1886, William Bates reported the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland in the New York Medical Journal. Epinephrine was isolated and identified in 1895 by Napoleon Cybulski, a Polish physiologist. The discovery was repeated in 1897 by John Jacob Abel.[1]. Jokichi Takamine, a Japanese chemist, independently discovered the same hormone in 1900.[2][3]In 1901 he isolated and purified the hormone adrenaline from cow glands.It was first artificially synthesized in 1904 by Friedrich Stolz. [PAR] Triggers [PAR] Epinephrine is a \"fight or flight\" hormone, and plays a central role in the short-term stress reaction. It is released from the adrenal glands when danger threatens or in an emergency. Such triggers may be threatening, exciting, or environmental stressor conditions such as high noise levels or bright light (see Fight-or-flight response). [PAR] An example of noise-induced trigger of epinephrine release is tinnitus. The fight-or-flight response caused by tinnitus is a contributor to physical stress seen in tinnitus-patients,[4] exacerbating the case. [PAR] Actions in the body [PAR] When secreted into the bloodstream, it rapidly prepares the body for action in emergency situations. The hormone boosts the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, while suppressing other non-emergency bodily processes (digestion in particular). [PAR] It increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in skeletal muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing catalysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in fat cells. Like some other stress hormones, epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system.[5] [PAR] Although epinephrine does not have any psychoactive effects, stress or arousal also releases norepinephrine in the brain. Norepinephrine has similar actions in the body, but is also psychoactive. [PAR] The type of action in various cell types depends on their expression of adrenergic receptors. [PAR] Adrenergic receptors [PAR] Epinephrine's actions are mediated through adrenergic receptors: [PAR] It binds to \u00ce\u00b11 receptors of liver cells, which activate inositol-phospholipid signaling pathway, signaling the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase (inactivating and activating them, respectively), leading to breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) so as to release glucose to the bloodstream. [PAR] Epinephrine also activates \u00ce\u00b2-adrenergic receptors of the liver and muscle cells, thereby activating the adenylate cyclase signaling pathway, which will in turn increase glycogenolysis. [PAR] \u00ce\u00b22 receptors are found primarily in skeletal muscle blood vessels where they trigger vasodilation. However, \u00ce\u00b1-adrenergic receptors are found in most smooth muscles and splanchnic vessels, and epinephrine triggers vasoconstriction in those vessels. [PAR] Therapeutic use [PAR] Epinephrine is used as a drug to treat cardiac arrest and other cardiac dysrhythmias resulting in diminished or absent cardiac output; its action is to increase peripheral resistance via \u00ce\u00b11-adrenoceptor vasoconstriction, so that blood is shunted to the body's core, and the \u00ce\u00b21-adrenoceptor response which is increased cardiac rate and output"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oxygen Debt and the Recovery Process Explained Simply Oxygen Debt & Recovery | Energy Systems | Anatomy & Physiology [PAR] Oxygen Debt & Recovery [PAR] Oxygen Debt & Recovery [PAR] What is it all about then? When you have a short intense burst of exercise such as sprinting you generate energy for this anaerobically or without oxygen. When you stop exercising you are still breathing heavily. This is your body taking in extra oxygen to 'repay' the oxygen debt. Well, that is the simple solution but there is a little more to it if you want to look a bit deeper. [PAR] True, your body has worked anaerobically and will have produced energy without some of the oxygen it would normally have used performing low intensity exercise such as slow steady running. The difference between the oxygen the body required and what it actually managed to take in during the sudden sprint is called oxygen deficit. [PAR] When you stop sprinting and start to recover you will actually need more oxygen to recover than your body would have liked to use had enough been available. This is called Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption. [PAR] So why does it take more oxygen to recover then? [PAR] You needed to replace the oxygen the body needed but couldnt get (oxygen deficit). [PAR] Breathing rate and heart rate are elevated (to remove CO2) and this needs more oxygen. [PAR] Body temperature and metabolic rate is increased and this needs more oxygen. [PAR] Adrenaline and Noradrenaline are increased which increases oxygen consumption. [PAR] [PAR] So after exercise there are other factors causing an increase in oxygen needs as well as repaying the lack of oxygen during exercise. [PAR] The chart below is often seen and shows how the amount of oxygen used by the body changes over time. At the beginning the body works anaerobically leaving an oxygen deficit. Over time the oxygen consumption levels out to a steady state. After exercise the oxygen is pain back (oxygen debt). Notice the area of oxygen debt is greater than the area of oxygen deficit for the reasons stated above. [PAR] What has Lactic Acid got to do with it? [PAR] Lactic acid is a by product of exercising without using oxygen (anaerobially). It is essential this is removed but it is not necessarily a waste product. It is recycled into other useful chemicals: [PAR] During prolonged intensive exercise (e.g. 800m race) the heart may get half its energy from lactic acid. It is converted back to pyruvic acid and used as energy by the heart and other muscles. [PAR] It is thought that 70% of lactic acid produced is oxidised, 20% is converted to glucose (energy) in the liver. [PAR] 10% is converted to protein. [PAR] How long does it take to remove lactic acid? [PAR] About 1 hour if cooling down with gentle exercise. [PAR] It can take 2 hours or more if you dont warm down with gentle exercise. [PAR] More Anatomy & Physiology[DOC] [TLE] Oxygen Debt - BrianMac Oxygen Debt [PAR] [PAR] Oxygen Debt [PAR] During muscular exercise, blood vessels in muscles dilate and blood flow is increased in order to increase the available oxygen supply. Up to a point, the available oxygen is sufficient to meet the energy needs of the body. However, when muscular exertion is very great, oxygen cannot be supplied to muscle fibres fast enough, and the aerobic breakdown of pyruvic acid cannot produce all the ATP required for further muscle contraction. [PAR] Lactic Acid [PAR] During such periods, additional ATP is generated by anaerobic glycolysis."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An Overview of Carotid Artery Disease - WebMD An Overview of Carotid Artery Disease [PAR] Sedentary lifestyle [PAR] Family history of atherosclerosis, either coronary artery disease or carotid artery disease [PAR] Men younger than age 75 have a greater risk than women in the same age group. Women have a greater risk than men older than age 75. People who have coronary artery disease have an increased risk of developing carotid artery disease. Typically, the carotid arteries become diseased a few years later than the coronary arteries. [PAR] Continued [PAR] What Are the Symptoms of Carotid Artery Disease? [PAR] You may not have any symptoms of carotid artery disease. Plaque builds up in the carotid arteries over time with no warning signs until you have a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke. [PAR] Signs of a stroke may include: [PAR] Sudden loss of vision , blurred vision , or difficulty in seeing out of one or both eyes [PAR] Weakness , tingling, or numbness on one side of the face, one side of the body, or in one arm or leg [PAR] Sudden difficulty in walking, loss of balance, lack of coordination [PAR] Sudden dizziness and/or confusion [PAR] [PAR] How Is Carotid Artery Disease Diagnosed? [PAR] There are often no symptoms of carotid artery disease until you have a TIA or stroke. That\u2019s why it\u2019s important to see your doctor regularly for physical exams. Your doctor may listen to the arteries in your neck with a stethoscope. If an abnormal sound, called a bruit, is heard over an artery, it may reflect turbulent blood flow. That could indicate carotid artery disease. [PAR] Listening for a bruit in the neck is a simple, safe, and inexpensive way to screen for stenosis (narrowing) of the carotid artery, although it may not detect all blockages. Some experts believe that bruits may be better predictors of atherosclerotic disease rather than risk of stroke. Be sure to let your doctor know if you have had any symptoms, such as those listed above. [PAR] Continued [PAR] Your doctor may also use a test to diagnose carotid artery disease. Possible tests include the following: [PAR] Carotid ultrasound (standard or Doppler). This noninvasive, painless screening test uses high-frequency sound waves to view the carotid arteries. It looks for plaques and blood clots and determines whether the arteries are narrowed or blocked. A Doppler ultrasound shows the movement of blood through the blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging does not use X-rays. [PAR] Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). This imaging technique uses a powerful magnet to gather accurate information about the brain and arteries. Then a computer uses this information to generate high-resolution images. An MRA can often detect even small strokes in the brain. [PAR] Computerized tomography angiography (CTA). More detailed than an X-ray, a CT uses X-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images of the carotid arteries. Images of the brain can be collected as well. With this imaging test, the scan may reveal areas of damage on the brain. The CT scan uses a low level of radiation . [PAR] Cerebral angiography ( carotid angiogram ). This procedure is considered the gold standard for imaging the carotid arteries. It is an invasive procedure that lets a doctor see blood flow through the carotid arteries in real time. Cerebral angiography allows the doctor to see narrowing or blockages on a live X-ray screen as contrast dye is injected in the carotid arteries. This procedure provides the best information. It does carry a small risk of serious complications. [PAR] [PAR] Continued [PAR] Which Drugs Can Reduce the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Protein is important for beautiful skin, hair and nails ... Protein is important for beautiful skin, hair and nails - Nutrition Express Articles [PAR] Protein is important for beautiful skin, hair and nails [PAR] Learn why protein plays such a major role in your overall health [PAR] by Judy Lindberg McFarland [PAR] When you look in the mirror, what do you see? Do you see soft, supple, radiant, glowing, blemish-free skin? Or do you see age spots and new wrinkles? [PAR] The skin is the first \"aging\" sign we tend to see in ourselves. We all want to find ways to keep our skin beautiful, soft, and, we hope, wrinkle free. We will each get some wrinkles, but nobody wants them prematurely! [PAR] My mother, Gladys Lindberg, had the most beautiful skin for her age of any woman I have ever seen. She far surpassed the \"beauty experts\" and \"movie stars\" in her beauty and grace. At age 85 she had a clear, peachy complexion and was virtually wrinkle free! She had no patchy \"age\" spots or blemished skin. She never smoked and avoided the sun whenever possible. This was natural beauty. Mother started her quest for health when she was 43 years old. She said her skin was blotchy and never radiant, but her program drastically changed the quality of her skin. [PAR] Important advice for skin health [PAR] A woman recently came into our store looking for a \"magic formula\" for her deeply wrinkled skin. She was only in her mid-40s, but said her skin had changed drastically over the past months. Being quite disturbed about the situation, she came to me wanting \"that miracle cream.\" [PAR] I talked to her for a few minutes and discovered that she had been on a severe reducing diet for several months. She had followed a diet low in protein, and over the course of those months had lost her skin tone. It had started to sag and wrinkle way beyond what would be normal for her chronological age. Most women want to be slim, but if you saw her, I'm sure you would agree, \"not at that price!\" Here are some things I told her that are important for healthy skin regardless of whether you're trying to lose weight or not. [PAR] Collagen - the skin's \"cement\" [PAR] Elastic skin is a sign that a person has ample collagen, the strong cement-like material that binds together the cells of your body. Collagen is a structural tissue and it is replaced very slowly. It is made of fibrous protein. In fact, collagen comprises 30 percent of the total body protein. Its strong white fibers, stronger than steel wire of the same size, and yellow elastic networks, called elastin, form the connective tissue that holds our body together. Collagen strengthens the skin, blood vessels, bones, and teeth. It is the intracellular cement that holds together the cells in various organs and tissues. Collagen is one of the most valuable proteins in the human body. A person who has been sick, or who has been on an extremely low-protein diet, very often sees the muscles in his or her arms and legs begin to sag, which is a sign that they have probably lost collagen. [PAR] Start with protein [PAR] The building blocks of protein are amino acids. When protein is eaten, your digestive processes break it down into amino acids, which pass into the blood and are carried throughout the body. Your cells can then select the amino acids they need for the construction of new body tissue, antibodies, hormones,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What you need to know about carbon monoxide What you need to know about carbon monoxide [PAR] What you need to know about the leading cause [PAR] of poisoning deaths in America [PAR] Carbon Monoxide [PAR] The following text is from the booklet What you need to know about the leading cause of poisoning deaths in America: Carbon monoxide (1996), prepared as a public service by First Alert in cooperation with the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [PAR] If you have questions about carbon monoxide, contact your local gas utility, a qualified heating contractor, or the Extension Services office listed in the white pages of your phone book. [PAR] What is carbon monoxide and who is at risk? [PAR] Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless deadly gas. Because you can't see, taste, or smell it, carbon monoxide can kill you before you know it's there. [PAR] Everyone is at risk for carbon monoxide poisoning. Experts believe, however, that individuals with greater oxygen requirements such as unborn babies, infants, children, senior citizens, and people with coronary or respiratory problems are at greater risk. [PAR] [PAR] Why is carbon monoxide so dangerous? [PAR] The great danger of carbon monoxide is its attraction to hemoglobin in the bloodstream. When breathed in, carbon monoxide replaces the oxygen which cells need to function. When CO is present in the air, it rapidly accumulates in the blood, causing symptoms similar to the flu, such as headaches, fatigue, nausea, dizzy spells, confusion, and irritability. As levels increase, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and eventually brain damage or death can result. [PAR] [PAR] Where does carbon monoxide come from? [PAR] Carbon monoxide is a by-product of combustion, present whenever fuel is burned. It is produced by common home appliances, such as gas or oil furnaces, gas refrigerators, gas clothes dryers, gas ranges, gas water heaters or space heaters, fireplaces, charcoal grills, and wood burning stoves. Fumes from automobiles and gas-powered lawn mowers also contain carbon monoxide and can enter a home through walls or doorways if an engine is left running in an attached garage. [PAR] All of these sources can contribute to a CO problem in the home. If a home is vented properly and is free from appliance malfunctions, air pressure fluctuations or airway blockages, carbon monoxide will most likely be safely vented to the outside. But in today's \"energy efficient\" homes this is frequently not the case. Tightly constructed/sealed homes can trap CO-polluted air in a home year-round. Furnace heat exchangers can crack, vents can become blocked, inadequate air supply for combustion appliances can cause conditions known as backdrafting or reverse stacking, which force contaminated air back into the home. Exhaust fans on range hoods, clothes dryers and bathroom fans can also pull combustion products into the home. [PAR] [PAR] How can I protect myself and my family from carbon monoxide poisoning? [PAR] The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recommends installing at least one carbon monoxide detector per household, near the sleeping area. Additional detectors on every level of a home and in every bedroom provide extra protection. Choose an Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) listed detector that sounds an audible alarm. You can choose a model that is wired to your home's electrical system, a model which plugs into a standard electrical outlet, or a battery-operated model. Battery-operated carbon monoxide detectors continue to protect even in the event of a power outage. Hardwired AC models, although more costly and difficult to install, reduce the expense of battery replacement but do not offer protection during"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Car Exhaust - Toxins and Air Pollution - nutramed.com Fuel + Air => Hydrocarbons + Nitrogen Oxides + Carbon Dioxide + Carbon Monoxide + Sulphur Dioxide+ water [PAR] Hydrocarbon emissions are fragments of fuel molecules, only partially burned. See Toxicity Hydrocarbons in exhaust. [PAR] Hydrocarbons react in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight to form ground-level ozone, a major component of smog. Ozone irritates the eyes, nose, throat and damages the lungs. A number of exhaust hydrocarbons are also toxic, some with the potential to cause cancer. [PAR] Nitrogen Oxides Under high pressure and temperature conditions in an engine, nitrogen and oxygen atoms react to form nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a brownish toxic gas, an important air pollutant. The air of cities with high levels of car ownership has a distinctly brown tinge. NO2 combines with water in the air to form nitric acid - acid rain. A complex chemistry involves NO2 combining with hydrocarbons to form the photochemical smog that poisons city dwellers. Sunlight converts unburned hydrocarbons to more reactive molecules such as aldehydes and ketones which generate peroxyacyl radicals that react with NO2 forming peroxyacyl nitrates(PANs). Catalytic converters in car exhaust systems reduce air pollution in the best case by breaking down NO2 and N20 to nitrogen (N2) and oxygen(O2). [PAR] Nitrous oxide (N2O) also known as \"laughing gas\" has medical uses, but is a pollutant in the air. N2O, for example gives rise to nitric oxide (NO) which reacts with and depletes ozone. N2O is a combustion product but also originates from forest fires, lightning storms nitrogen-based fertilizers and manure from farm animals. According to the US EPA industrial sources make up only about 20% of all anthropogenic sources of N2O, including the burning of fossil fuel in internal combustion engines. Indoor gas burning appliances generate N2O. It is also a major greenhouse gas and air pollutant with about 300 times more global-warming potential than carbon dioxide. [PAR] Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas, a product of incomplete burning of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Carbon monoxide consists of a single carbon atom and a single oxygen atom linked together (CO), the product of incomplete combustion of fuel. Most CO is produced when air-to-fuel ratios are too low in the engine during vehicle starting, when cars are not tuned properly, and at higher altitudes, where thin air reduces the amount of oxygen available for combustion. Two-thirds of the carbon monoxide emissions come from transportation sources, with the largest contribution coming from cars. In urban areas, the passenger vehicle contribution to carbon monoxide pollution can exceed 90%.Read more about Carbon Monoxide [PAR] Carbon Dioxide U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) originally viewed carbon dioxide as a product of \"perfect\" combustion, but now views CO2 as a pollution concern. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps the earth's heat and contributes to Climate Change [PAR] Particle Pollution and Human Disease The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines fine-particle air pollution, PM10, particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter. Suspended particles in the air create aerosols that are important to the behavior of whole atmosphere and play a role in determining human disease. Natural sources of atmospheric particles are volcanoes, dust storms, spontaneous forest fires, tornadoes and hurricanes. Clouds are a product of aerosols that seed the formation of water droplets. Human air pollution now dominates aerosol production over cities with negative health effects. Thick aerosols are obvious as haze and contain a complex system of particles with adherent toxic gases such as sulphur dioxide. Air pollution is associated with increased hospital"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Odd Egg-Laying Mammals Still Exist - Live Science Why Odd Egg-Laying Mammals Still Exist [PAR] Why Odd Egg-Laying Mammals Still Exist [PAR] By Charles Q. Choi, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] September 21, 2009 11:06am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The platypus, found only in Australia is one of the five mammal species of that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The other egg-laying mammals are four species of echidna. [PAR] Credit: Gerry Pearce, australian-wildlife.com. [PAR] The reason that odd, egg-laying mammals still exist today may be because their ancestors took to the water, scientists now suggest. [PAR] The egg-laying mammals \u2014 the monotremes, including the platypus and spiny anteaters \u2014 are eccentric relatives to the rest of mammals, which bear live young. In addition to laying eggs, other quirks make them seem more like reptiles than our kin. They have a reptilian gait with legs on the sides rather than underneath the body, for instance, and a single duct for urine, feces and sex instead of multiple openings. [PAR] These oddballs are often considered primitive \"living fossils\" that shed light on what our distant ancestors might have looked like. [PAR] Australian invasion [PAR] Long ago, monotremes and their close relatives were the dominant mammals in the whole of Australia. Now only two kinds of monotremes are left on the planet \u2014 the duck-billed platypuses and the four species of echidnas, or spiny anteaters. Like all mammals, they possess hair, milk, sweat glands, three middle ear bones and a brain region known as the neocortex. [PAR] The monotremes were almost totally swept aside when their pouch-bearing marsupial cousins \u2014 modern examples of which include the kangaroos \u2014 invaded Australia 71 million to 54 million years ago. Marsupials appear to have a number of advantages over monotremes \u2014 their bodies seem more efficient at locomotion, and the fact that they give birth to live offspring could provide better care of young. [PAR] Moreover, before the marsupials reached Australia, they had migrated from Asia to the Americas to Antarctica. The struggle marsupials presumably had with all the animals on these continents during this journey might have primed them for competition, \"while the Australian mammals [including monotremes] that went extinct upon the arrival of marsupials had for the most part been isolated in Australia for a very long time,\" explained researcher Matthew Phillips, an evolutionary biologist at the Australian National University in Canberra. [PAR] All these strengths help explain why marsupials triumphed in Australia. The mystery then is why any monotremes survived. [PAR] Swim for it! [PAR] Now Phillips and his colleagues suggest that platypuses and echidnas lived on because their ancestors sought refuge where marsupials could not follow \u2014 the water. [PAR] Platypuses are amphibious creatures, while echidnas \u2014 the anteaters \u2014 are terrestrial. However, new genetic evidence and comparisons with fossil monotremes suggests that echidnas only diverged from platypuses 19 to 48 million years ago. This means echidnas recently had semi-aquatic predecessors and only later recolonized the land. A number of aspects of echidna biology are consistent with an amphibious platypus-like ancestor \u2014 a streamlined body, rearward-jutting hind limbs that could act as rudders, and the contours of a duck-like bill during embryonic development. [PAR] \"Platypus-like fossils are known from at least 61 million years ago. It was thought that the much shorter fossil record for echidnas, from about 13 million years ago, was just due to the patchy nature of the fossil record,\" Phillips said. Their new findings suggest \"the lack of early echidna fossils was in fact because they simply had not evolved yet.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biodegradable Definition - GreenGood Terms to Know [PAR] Biodegradable Definition [PAR] A \u201cbiodegradable\u201d product has the ability to break down, safely and relatively quickly, by biological means, into the raw materials of nature and disappear into the environment. These products can be solids biodegrading into the soil (which we also refer to as compostable), or liquids biodegrading into water. Biodegradable plastic is intended to break up when exposed to microorganisms (a natural ingredient such as cornstarch or vegetable oil is added to achieve this result). [PAR] Sustainable disposal of any product requires that its wastes return to the earth and are able to biodegrade. Nature biodegrades everything it makes back into basic building blocks, so that new living things can be made from the old. Every resource made by nature returns to nature - plants and animals biodegrade, even raw crude oil will degrade when exposed to water, air and the necessary salts. Nature has perfected this system - we just need to learn how to participate in it. [PAR] By the time many resources are turned into products, however, they have been altered by industry in such a way that they are unrecognizable to the microorganisms and enzymes that return natural materials to their basic building blocks. Crude oil, for example, will biodegrade in its natural state, but once it is turned into plastic, it becomes an unsustainable pollution problem. Instead of returning to the cycle of life, these products simply pollute and litter our land, air and water. [PAR] Of all the environmental buzzwords \u201cbiodegradable\u201d has perhaps been the most misused and the most difficult to understand. Because in the past there have been no guidelines or regulations, many products have called themselves biodegradable without any real justification. Unfortunately, the word biodegradable has frequently been applied to products that generally aren\u2019t (such as detergents or plastics) and almost never used for products that really are (such as soap or paper). [PAR] A leaf is a perfect example of a biodegradable product -- it is made in the spring, used by the plant for photosynthesis in the summer, drops to the ground in autumn and assimilated into the soil to nourish the plant for the next season. The basic concept seems straightforward enough, however, there are several factors to consider in determining the biodegradability of a product or material. [PAR] The first is the question of the inherent biodegradability of the material. Any material that comes from nature will return to nature as long as it is still in a relatively natural form. Therefore, any plant-based, animal-based or natural mineral-based product has the capability to biodegrade, but products made from man-made petrochemical compounds generally do not. When a manmade compound is formulated in a laboratory, combinations of elements are made that do not exist in nature and there are no corresponding microorganisms to break them down. [PAR] The next issue is how long it takes for the material to actually break down. In nature, different materials biodegrade at different rates. A leaf takes approximately a year to become part of the forest floor. An iron shovel, on the other hand, can take years to rust away to nothing and a large tree can take decades to completely break down. Common sense tells us that any material will ultimately biodegrade, even if it takes centuries. [PAR] So what is the proper rate for a material to be biodegradable? It really depends on the material itself. The leaf example suggests that the proper rate is that which is appropriate to the ecosystem. A liquid going into a waterway should"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Earth's Atmosphere | UCAR Center for Science Education Earth's Atmosphere | UCAR Center for Science Education [PAR] Earth's Atmosphere [PAR] The layered structure of Earth's atmosphere is visible in this sunset view from the International Space Station. [PAR] Credit: Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center [PAR] Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds our home planet. Besides providing us with something to breathe, the atmosphere helps make life on Earth possible in several ways. It shields us from most of the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, warms the surface of our planet by about 33\u00b0 C (59\u00b0 F) via the greenhouse effect, and largely prevents extreme differences between daytime and nighttime temperatures. [PAR] The atmosphere is a mixture of many different gases. Nitrogen and oxygen are by far the most common; dry air is composed of about 78% nitrogen (N2) and about 21% oxygen (O2). Argon, carbon dioxide (CO2) , and many other gases are also present in much lower amounts; each makes up less than 1% of the atmosphere's mixture of gases. The atmosphere also includes water vapor. The amount of water vapor present varies a lot, but on average is around 1%. There are also many small particles - solids and liquids - \"floating\" in the atmosphere. These particles, which scientists call \"aerosols\", include dust, spores and pollen, salt from sea spray, volcanic ash, smoke, and more. [PAR] The atmosphere grows thinner (less dense and lower in pressure) as one moves upward from Earth's surface. It gradually gives way to the vacuum of outer space. There is no precise \"top\" of the atmosphere. Air becomes so thin at altitudes between 100 and 120 km (62-75 miles) up that for many purposes that range of heights can be considered the boundary between the atmosphere and space. However, there are very thin but measurable traces of atmospheric gases hundreds of kilometers/miles above Earth's surface. [PAR] There are several different regions or layers in the atmosphere. Each has characteristic temperatures, pressures, and phenomena. We live in the troposphere , the lowest layer, where most clouds are found and almost all weather occurs. Some jet aircraft fly in the next higher layer, the stratosphere , which contains the jet streams and the ozone layer. Higher still are the mesosphere , thermosphere and exosphere . [PAR] \u00a9 2011 UCAR[DOC] [TLE] NASA - The Five Most Abundant Gases in the Martian Atmosphere NASA - The Five Most Abundant Gases in the Martian Atmosphere [PAR] \u203a Full Size \u203a 800 x 600 [PAR] The Five Most Abundant Gases in the Martian Atmosphere [PAR] This graph shows the percentage abundance of five gases in the atmosphere of Mars, as measured by the Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer instrument of the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on NASA's Mars rover in October 2012. The season was early spring in Mars' southern hemisphere, and the location was inside Mars' Gale Crater, at 4.49 degrees south latitude, 137.42 degrees east longitude. [PAR] The graph uses as logarithmic scale for volume percentage of the atmosphere so that these gases with very different concentrations can all be plotted. By far the predominant gas is carbon dioxide, making up 95.9 percent of the atmosphere's volume. The next four most abundant gases are argon, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Researchers will use SAM repeatedly throughout Curiosity's mission on Mars to check for seasonal changes in atmospheric composition. [PAR] Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech, SAM/GSFC"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DOE - Fossil Energy: How Fossil Fuels Were Formed DOE - Fossil Energy: How Fossil Fuels Were Formed [PAR] You are here: Educational Activities > Energy Lessons > Coal-Introduction > Fossil Fuel Formation [PAR] How Fossil Fuels were Formed [PAR] Contrary to what many people believe, fossil fuels are not the remains of dead dinosaurs. In fact, most of the fossil fuels we find today were formed millions of years before the first dinosaurs. [PAR] [PAR] Formation of Coal [PAR] [PAR] Fossil fuels were formed from plants and animals that lived 300 million years ago in primordial swamps and oceans (top). Over time the plants and animals died and decomposed under tons of rock and ancient seas (middle). [PAR] Eventually, many of the seas receded and left dry land with fossil fuels like coal buried underneath it (bottom). [PAR] Ten feet of prehistoric plant debris was needed to make one foot of coal. [PAR] [PAR] Fossil fuels, however, were once alive! [PAR] They were formed from prehistoric plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. [PAR] Think about what the Earth must have looked like 300 million years or so ago. The land masses we live on today were just forming. There were swamps and bogs everywhere. The climate was warmer. Ancient trees and plants grew everywhere. Strange looking animals walked on the land, and just as weird looking fish swam in the rivers and seas. Tiny one-celled organisms called protoplankton floated in the ocean. [PAR] When these ancient living things died, they decomposed and became buried under layers and layers of mud, rock, and sand. Eventually, hundreds and sometimes thousands of feet of earth covered them. In some areas, the decomposing materials were covered by ancient seas, then the seas dried up and receded. [PAR] During the millions of years that passed, the dead plants and animals slowly decomposed into organic materials and formed fossil fuels. Different types of fossil fuels were formed depending on what combination of animal and plant debris was present, how long the material was buried, and what conditions of temperature and pressure existed when they were decomposing. [PAR] For example, oil and natural gas were created from organisms that lived in the water and were buried under ocean or river sediments. Long after the great prehistoric seas and rivers vanished, heat, pressure and bacteria combined to compress and \"cook\" the organic material under layers of silt. In most areas, a thick liquid called oil formed first, but in deeper, hot regions underground, the cooking process continued until natural gas was formed. Over time, some of this oil and natural gas began working its way upward through the earth's crust until they ran into rock formations called \"caprocks\" that are dense enough to prevent them from seeping to the surface. It is from under these caprocks that most oil and natural gas is produced today. [PAR] The same types of forces also created coal, but there are a few differences. Coal formed from the dead remains of trees, ferns and other plants that lived 300 to 400 million years ago. In some areas, such as portions of what-is-now the eastern United States, coal was formed from swamps covered by sea water. The sea water contained a large amount of sulfur, and as the seas dried up, the sulfur was left behind in the coal. Today, scientists are working on ways to take the sulfur out of coal because when coal burns, the sulfur can become an air pollutant. (To find out about these methods, see the section \" Cleaning Up"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tides, and the pull of the moon and sun | Earth | EarthSky Tides, and the pull of the moon and sun | Earth | EarthSky [PAR] Tides, and the pull of the moon and sun [PAR] By Deborah Byrd in Earth | April 7, 2016 [PAR] The sun, the moon, the shape of a beach and larger coastline, the angle of a seabed leading up to land, and the prevailing ocean currents and winds all affect the height of the tides. [PAR] This beautiful image is from EarthSky Facebook friend John Lloyd Griffith [PAR] We all know the moon is primarily responsible for the rising and falling of ocean tides. In most places, but not everywhere, there are two high tides and two low tides a day. For any particular spot on Earth\u2019s surface, the height of the tides and their fluctuation in time depends not only on the moon, but also on the sun \u2013 and also on the shape of the specific beach, the larger coastline, the angle of the seabed leading up to land, and the prevailing ocean currents and winds. [PAR] The difference in height between high and low waters varies as the moon waxes and wanes from new to full and back to new again. The larger tides are called spring tides (nothing to do with season of spring). The smaller tides are called neap tides. Click the links below to learn more about the tides. [PAR] Why are there two high tides and two low tides each day? [PAR] Around each new moon and full moon \u2013 when the sun, Earth, and moon are located more or less on a line in space \u2013 the range between high and low tides is greatest. These are called spring tides. Image via physicalgeography.net [PAR] What are spring tides? Around each new moon and full moon, the sun, Earth, and moon arrange themselves more or less along a line in space. Then the pull on the tides increases, because the gravity of the sun reinforces the moon\u2019s gravity. In fact, the height of the average solar tide is about 50% the average lunar tide. Thus, at new moon or full moon, the tide\u2019s range is at its maximum. This is the spring tide: the highest (and lowest) tide. Spring tides are not named for the season. This is spring in the sense of jump, burst forth, rise. So spring tides bring the most extreme high and low tides every month, and they happen around full and new moon. [PAR] What are perigean spring tides? When the new moon or full moon closely aligns with perigee \u2013 closest point to Earth in the moon\u2019s orbit \u2013 then we have an extra-large perigean spring tides . For example, in the year 2016, the April 7 new moon will closely align with perigee and the November 14 full moon will closely coincide with perigee, to bring forth perigean spring tides. [PAR] When is the next supermoon? [PAR] It\u2019s when a spring tide coincides with a time of heavy winds and rain \u2013 flooding due to a weather extreme \u2013 that the most extreme flooding occurs. [PAR] Around each first quarter moon and last quarter moon \u2013 when the sun and moon are at a right angle to Earth \u2013 the range between high and low tides is least. These are called neap tides. Image via physicalgeography.net [PAR] What are neap tides? These sorts of tides occur halfway between each new and full moon \u2013 at the first quarter and last quarter moon phase \u2013 when the sun"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What do you call a person who studies weather ... What do you call a person who studies weather? | Reference.com [PAR] What do you call a person who studies weather? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A person who uses scientific methods to study, observe or forecast atmospheric patterns and weather events is known as a meteorologist. This field can be further divided into a number of differing job types, including broadcasting, teaching, researching and forensic meteorology. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The most common undergraduate degrees associated with this profession include physics, chemistry and mathematics prior to attaining an advanced degree in meteorology. Known as \"the science of the atmosphere,\" a meteorologist is tasked with predicting the shifts in weather and climate that can affect the lives of the public. Many meteorologists work closely with other Earth scientists, including oceanographers and hydrologists, while communicating vital weather information to governments, media outlets and industry leaders.[DOC] [TLE] Introduction to Climate: Background Material - UCAR Introduction to Climate: Background Material [PAR] Introduction to Climate [PAR] This section provides a brief overview of the earth's climate. The general concepts found in this section include the following: [PAR] The general distinctions between weather and climate. [PAR] Daily weather measurements are highly variable compared to long-term climate data making it difficult to detect long-term trends based on limited data. [PAR] Long-term climate averages are the result of significant annual climate variability. Random climate variability makes detecting climate change more difficult. [PAR] The earth's climate has changed over time and will continue to change. Paleoclimatologists study the earth's climate over millions of years using a variety of methods. Data for past climate changes can be gathered from sources beyond long-term weather observations. [PAR] Plant pollen is physically distinct in size and shape in different plant species and may survive for long periods of time in sediment deposits, depositing a record of plant species in the area. The study of plant pollen trapped in lake sediments and rocks is called palynology. [PAR] Dendrochronology is the study of past climate through tree rings and allows scientists to observe the direct impact of climate on annual tree growth patterns. [PAR] This section includes four classroom activities. [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The earth's climate is generally defined as the average weather over a long period of time. A place or region's climate is determined by both natural and anthropogenic (human-made) factors. The natural elements include the atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, while the human factors can include land and resource uses. Changes in any of these factors can cause local, regional, or even global changes in the climate. [PAR] How does climate differ from weather? [PAR] Weather is the current atmospheric conditions, including temperature, rainfall, wind, and humidity at a given place. If you stand outside, you can see that it's raining or windy, or sunny or cloudy. You can tell how hot it is by taking a temperature reading. Weather is what's happening right now or is likely to happen tomorrow or in the very near future. [PAR] Climate, on the other hand, is the general weather conditions over a long period of time. For example, on any given day in January, we expect it to be rainy in Portland, Oregon and sunny and mild in Phoenix, Arizona. And in Buffalo, New York, we're not surprised to see January newscasts about sub-zero temperatures and huge snow drifts. [PAR] Some meteorologists say that \"climate is what you expect and weather is what you get.\" According to one middle school student, \"climate tells you what clothes to buy, but weather"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the outer layer of the Earth called? | Reference.com What is the outer layer of the Earth called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the outer layer of the Earth called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Containing everything from the ocean basins to continents, the crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. Overall, the crust makes up very little of the Earth's mass, so the other layers, which are the mantle, outer core and inner core, are much thicker. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks appear on the Earth's crust. At most, the crust's thickness is about 45 miles, and beneath that is a section of semi-solid rock, known as the mantle. Beneath the mantle is the Earth's outer core, which is a liquid layer of iron, and the inner core, which is a solid layer of iron and nickel under extreme pressure.[DOC] [TLE] BBC - GCSE Bitesize: The structure of the Earth BBC - GCSE Bitesize: The structure of the Earth [PAR] Next [PAR] The Earth consists of four concentric [concentric: Describe shapes (usually circles) which share the same centre point. ] layers: inner core, outer core, mantle [mantle: A zone of hot rock in the interior of the Earth, located between the outer crust and the molten core. ] and crust [crust: The outer layer of the Earth, on top of the mantle. It is between 6 and 48 kilometres thick and includes the continents and the ocean floor. ]. The crust is made up of tectonic plates [tectonic plates: Large areas of the Earth's crust that move slowly on the upper part of the mantle, often colliding and moving away from each other. ], which are in constant motion. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur at plate boundaries. [PAR] The structure of the Earth [PAR] The Earth is made up of four distinct layers: [PAR] The inner core is in the centre and is the hottest part of the Earth. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500\u00b0C. With its immense heat energy, the inner core is like the engine room of the Earth. [PAR] The outer core is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is a liquid layer, also made up of iron and nickel. It is still extremely hot, with temperatures similar to the inner core. [PAR] The mantle is the widest section of the Earth. It has a thickness of approximately 2,900 km. The mantle is made up of semi-molten rock called magma. In the upper parts of the mantle the rock is hard, but lower down the rock is soft and beginning to melt. [PAR] The crust is the outer layer of the earth. It is a thin layer between 0-60 km thick. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. [PAR] There are two different types of crust: continental crust, which carries land, and oceanic crust, which carries water. [PAR] The diagram below shows the structure of the earth. In geography, taking a slice through a structure to see inside is called a cross section. [PAR] Cross section showing structure of the Earth [PAR] Page:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Global Municipal Solid Waste Continues to Grow ... Global Municipal Solid Waste Continues to Grow | Worldwatch Institute [PAR] Global Municipal Solid Waste Continues to Grow [PAR] OECD nations generate over two kilograms of municipal solid waste per person every day. (Photo credit: WRS Italia) [PAR] Growing prosperity and urbanization could double the volume of municipal solid waste annually by 2025, challenging environmental and public health management in the world\u2019s cities, according to new research conducted for our Vital Signs Online service. Although some of this waste is eventually recycled, the doubling of waste that current projections indicate would bring the volume of municipal solid waste\u2014or MSW\u2014from today\u2019s 1.3 billion tons per year to 2.6 billion tons. [PAR] As defined in the report, MSW consists of organic material, paper, plastic, glass, metals, and other refuse collected by municipal authorities, largely from homes, offices, institutions, and commercial establishments. MSW is a subset of the larger universe of waste and typically does not include waste collected outside of formal municipal programs. Nor does it include the sewage, industrial waste, or construction and demolition waste generated by cities. And of course MSW does not include rural wastes. MSW is measured before disposal, and data on it often include collected material that is later diverted for recycling. [PAR] MSW tends to be generated in much higher quantities in wealthier regions of the world. Members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a group of 34 industrialized nations, lead the world in MSW generation, at nearly 1.6 million tons per day. By contrast, sub-Saharan Africa produces less than one eighth as much, some 200,000 tons per day. [PAR] The list of top 10 MSW-generating countries includes four developing nations (Brazil, China, India, and Mexico) in part because of the size of their urban populations and in part because their city dwellers are prospering and adopting high-consumption lifestyles. Although the United States leads the world in MSW output at some 621,000 tons per day, China is a relatively close second, at some 521,000 tons. Even among the top 10, however, there is a wide range of output: the United States generates nearly seven times more urban refuse than France, in tenth position, does. [PAR] Urbanization and income levels also tend to determine the type of waste generated. The share of inorganic materials in the waste stream, including plastics, paper, and aluminum, tends to increase as people grow wealthier and move to cities. Waste flows in rural areas, in contrast, are characterized by a high share of organic matter, ranging from 40 to 85 percent.Similarly, organic waste accounts for more than 60 percent of MSW in low-income countries, but only a quarter of the waste stream in high-income countries. [PAR] Roughly a quarter of the world\u2019s garbage is diverted to recycling, composting, or digestion\u2014waste management options that are environmentally superior to landfills and incinerators. Recycling rates vary widely by country. In the United States, the recycled share of MSW grew from less than 10 percent in 1980 to 34 percentin 2010, and similar increases have been seen in other countries, especially industrial ones. [PAR] The growing interest in MSW recovery is driven by a maturation of regulations and of markets for post-consumer materials. The global market for scrap metal and paper is at least $30 billion per year, according to the World Bank . The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) estimates the market for waste management, from collection through recycling, to be some $400 billion worldwide. Yet UNEP also estimates that to \u201cgreen\u201d the waste sector would require, among other things, a 3.5-fold increase"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hotel Barcelona Princess, Spain - Booking.com Hotel Barcelona Princess, Spain - Booking.com [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] [PAR] One of our top picks in Barcelona. This property is 7 minutes walk from the beach. Barcelona Princess Hotel is a 10-minute walk from the beach in the city\u2019s Forum area. It offers wonderful views, a free sauna and a gym. Free WiFi is available throughout. [PAR] All guests have free access to the 2 heated outdoor pools. The one on the 23rd floor offers spectacular sea views. [PAR] Rooms at Princess Barcelona are elegant and bright. Each has contemporary d\u00e9cor. All rooms have satellite TV and offer free drinks from the minibar. [PAR] The hotel has a Mediterranean restaurant and 2 stylish bars, including a relaxed poolside bar with panoramic views. [PAR] Princess Hotel Barcelona is set on Avenida Diagonal, next to Diagonal Mar Shopping Centre. The tour bus stops in front of the hotel and Maresme Forum Metro Station is 100 yards away. Plaza de Catalunya and Las Ramblas can be reached in 15 minutes, by Metro. [PAR] Sant Mart\u00ed is a great choice for travellers interested in beaches, monuments and city trips. [PAR] This property is also rated for the best value in Barcelona! Guests are getting more for their money when compared to other properties in this city. [PAR] We speak your language! [PAR] Barcelona Princess has been welcoming Booking.com guests since 23 Jul 2004. [PAR] Hotel Rooms: 364, Hotel Chain: Princess [PAR] Most popular facilities [PAR] Read more [PAR] Booking.com guest review guidelines [PAR] To keep the rating score and review content relevant for your upcoming trip, we archive reviews older than 24 months. [PAR] Only a customer who has booked through Booking.com and stayed at the property in question can write a review. This lets us know that our reviews come from real guests, like you. Who better to tell others about the free breakfast, friendly staff, or quiet room than someone who\u2019s stayed at the property before? [PAR] We want you to share your story, both the good and the bad. All we ask is that you follow a few simple guidelines. [PAR] Reviews vision [PAR] We believe review contributions and property responses will highlight a wide range of opinion and experiences, which are critical in helping guests make well-informed decisions about where to stay. [PAR] Reviews principles [PAR] Contributions to Booking.com are a reflection of the dedication of our guests and properties, and are treated with the utmost respect. [PAR] Whether negative or positive, we will post every comment in full and as quickly as possible, provided the guidelines are met. We will also provide transparency over the status of submitted content. [PAR] We will use the same guidelines and standards for all user-generated content as well as the property replies to that content. [PAR] We will allow the contributions to speak for themselves, and we won\u2019t be the judge of reality. Booking.com\u2019s role is that of a distributor of feedback from both guest and property. [PAR] Guidelines and standards for Reviews [PAR] These guidelines and standards aim to keep the content on Booking.com relevant and family-friendly without limiting expression of strong opinions. They are also applicable regardless of the sentiment of the comment. [PAR] Contributions should be travel related. The most helpful contributions are detailed and help others make better decisions. Please don\u2019t include personal, political, ethical, or religious commentary. Promotional content will be removed and issues concerning Booking.com\u2019s services should be routed to our Customer Service or Accommodation Service teams. [PAR] Contributions should be appropriate for a global audience. Please avoid using"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bestcrystals.com . Mohs Hardness Scale Bestcrystals.com . Mohs Hardness Scale [PAR] Mohs Hardness Scale [PAR] Mohs Hardness Scale [PAR] The hardness of a stone is one of the properties that contribute to identification. Hardness is also an attribute which is important to be aware of, because it may determine what a stone may be used for (jewelry, carving, faceting, handling, storage, etc.) You may want to familiarize yourself with the Mohs Scale of Hardness. This will help you understand the relationships between stones according to their hardness. [PAR] The Mohs Scale of Hardness consists of 10 classifications, 1 being the softest, and 10 being the hardest. The only mineral that is an exception to this is mercury, which is liquid. To give you a few reference points, the diamond is of course the hardest, rated 10. Your fingernail is a 2, a pocket knife is about a 5-6, and a piece of glass is a 6-7. Each classification will scratch the one preceding it. As you know, a diamond (10) will scratch glass (6-7). This technique is commonly used in the field for initial identification, and it is good to have samples of some of these stones with you in order to perform the test. Some minerals have varying hardness according to the direction you may scratch them in, but typically this is either hardly detectable or an exception to the rule. [PAR] The following, is a partial listing of stones and their hardness classification: [PAR] 1[DOC] [TLE] Mohs Hardness Scale - Geology Mohs Hardness Scale: Testing the Resistance to Being Scratched [PAR] Diamond [PAR] 10 [PAR] One of the most important tests for identifying mineral specimens is the Mohs Hardness Test. This test compares the resistance of a mineral to being scratched by ten reference minerals known as the Mohs Hardness Scale (see table at left). The test is useful because most specimens of a given mineral are very close to the same hardness. This makes hardness a reliable diagnostic property for most minerals. [PAR] Friedrich Mohs, a German mineralogist, developed the scale in 1812. He selected ten minerals of distinctly different hardness that ranged from a very soft mineral (talc) to a very hard mineral (diamond). With the exception of diamond, the minerals are all relatively common and easy or inexpensive to obtain. [PAR] Making Hardness Comparisons [PAR] \"Hardness\" is the resistance of a material to being scratched. The test is conducted by placing a sharp point of one specimen on an unmarked surface of another specimen and attempting to produce a scratch. Here are the four situations that you might observe when comparing the hardness of two specimens: [PAR] If Specimen A can scratch Specimen B, then Specimen A is harder than Specimen B. [PAR] If Specimen A does not scratch Specimen B, then Specimen B is harder than Specimen A. [PAR] If the two specimens are equal in hardness then they will be relatively ineffective at scratching one another. Small scratches might be produced, or it might be difficult to determine if a scratch was produced. [PAR] If Specimen A can be scratched by Specimen B but it cannot be scratched by Specimen C, then the hardness of Specimen A is between the hardness of Specimen B and Specimen C. [PAR] Mohs hardness test: When conducting the test, place the unknown specimen on a table top and firmly hold it in place with one hand. Then place a point of the reference specimen against a flat, unmarked surface of the unknown specimen. Press the reference specimen firmly against the unknown, and deliberately drag it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which Continent Is the the World's Smallest? Which Continent Is the the World's Smallest? [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 10, 2016. [PAR] There are seven continents in the world and Asia is the largest , but which one is the smallest? The answer is Australia and it is almost a fifth of the size of Asia. Europe is not far behind, though, as it has just over a million more square miles than Australia. [PAR] If we are looking at population, Australia is also at the bottom of the list of continents with permanent residents. Of course, Antarctica is the least populated continent because only a few thousand researchers call it a temporary home. [PAR] Just How Small is Australia? [PAR] In terms of land area, the continent of Australia is the world's smallest continent. In total, it includes 2,967,909 square miles (7,686,884 square kilometers), which is slightly smaller than the country of Brazil as well as the contiguous United States. [PAR] Europe is the second smallest continent in area at 3,997,929 square miles (10,354,636 square kilometers). [PAR] Antarctica is the third smallest continent in area at approximately 5,500,000 square miles (14,245,000 square kilometers). [PAR] When it comes to population, technically Australia is the second smallest continent. If we exclude Antarctica, then Australia is the smallest. We might say that Australia is the smallest populated continent. [PAR] Antarctica - Has no permanent residents though up to 4000 researchers and personnel live there in the summer and 1000 stay through the winter. [PAR] Australia - 39,506,070 (all of Oceania) [PAR] South America - 413,869,568 [PAR] (Population count as of 2015 via the Population Reference Bureau (PRB) .) [PAR] But Australia is Also the Largest... [PAR] Australia is an island since it's surrounded by water but it is also large enough to be considered a continent. [PAR] Though technically a continent, Australia may be considered the largest island in the world. In most cases, Greenland is accepted as the largest in the world . [PAR] The country of Australia is the world's sixth-largest country on earth. [PAR] Australia is the largest country that is entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. [PAR] Australia is also the largest country without land borders. [PAR] Among the inhabited continents, Australia has the driest continent. [PAR] Australia's Relationship to Oceania [PAR] Is Australia part of Oceania? This is a question of much debate and it depends on your definition of Oceania. [PAR] Oceania refers to the Pacific island region of the world that includes all of the small islands near Australia. It can be divided many ways and quite often, Australia is included in a sub-group of Oceania known as Australasia (Australia and New Zealand). [PAR] Quite often, when referring to this southern Pacific region, people will use the term 'Australia and Oceania' rather than adding Australia into Oceania.[DOC] [TLE] What is the smallest continent in the world? | Reference.com What is the smallest continent in the world? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the smallest continent in the world? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The smallest continent in the world is Australia/Oceania, with an area of approximately 8,112,000 square kilometers. Australia/Oceania, also called Australasia/Oceania, consists of different islands, including Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Micronesia, Vanuatu and Samoa. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Australia is the largest of these different islands. There are six different climate types in Australia/Oceania, which range from deciduous forest to dry desert climates, as well as various types of plant life. In tropical regions, there are mangroves and palm trees. However, in dry desert regions, one finds"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Introduction to the Atmosphere: Background Material Introduction to the Atmosphere: Background Material [PAR] Introduction to the Atmosphere [PAR] This section provides a brief overview of the properties associated with the atmosphere. The general concepts found in this section are: [PAR] The earth's atmosphere is a very thin layer wrapped around a very large planet. [PAR] Two gases make up the bulk of the earth's atmosphere: nitrogen ( [PAR] ), which comprises 78% of the atmosphere, and oxygen ( [PAR] ), which accounts for 21%. Various trace gases make up the remainder. [PAR] Based on temperature, the atmosphere is divided into four layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. [PAR] Energy is transferred between the earth's surface and the atmosphere via conduction, convection, and radiation. [PAR] Ocean currents play a significant role in transferring this heat poleward. Major currents, such as the northward flowing Gulf Stream, transport tremendous amounts of heat poleward and contribute to the development of many types of weather phenomena. [PAR] This section includes seven classroom activities. [PAR] Atmospheric Properties [PAR] The thin envelope of air that surrounds our planet is a mixture of gases, each with its own physical properties. The mixture is far from evenly divided. Two elements, nitrogen and oxygen, make up 99% of the volume of air. The other 1% is composed of \"trace\" gases, the most prevalent of which is the inert gaseous element argon. The rest of the trace gases, although present in only minute amounts, are very important to life on earth. Two in particular, carbon dioxide and ozone, can have a large impact on atmospheric processes. [PAR] Another gas, water vapor, also exists in small amounts. It varies in concentration from being almost non-existent over desert regions to about 4% over the oceans. Water vapor is important to weather production since it exists in gaseous, liquid, and solid phases and absorbs radiant energy from the earth. [PAR] Structure of the Atmosphere [PAR] The atmosphere is divided vertically into four layers based on temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Throughout the Cycles unit, we'll focus primarily on the layer in which we live - the troposphere. [PAR] Troposphere [PAR] The word troposphere comes from tropein, meaning to turn or change. All of the earth's weather occurs in the troposphere. [PAR] The troposphere has the following characteristics. [PAR] It extends from the earth's surface to an average of 12 km (7 miles). [PAR] The pressure ranges from 1000 to 200 millibars (29.92 in. to 5.92 in.). [PAR] The temperature generally decreases with increasing height up to the tropopause (top of the troposphere); this is near 200 millibars or 36,000 ft. [PAR] The temperature averages 15\u00b0C (59\u00b0F) near the surface and -57\u00b0C (-71\u00b0F) at the tropopause. [PAR] The layer ends at the point where temperature no longer varies with height. This area, known as the tropopause, marks the transition to the stratosphere. [PAR] Winds increase with height up to the jet stream. [PAR] The moisture concentration decreases with height up to the tropopause. [PAR] The air is much drier above the tropopause, in the stratosphere. [PAR] The sun's heat that warms the earth's surface is transported upwards largely by convection and is mixed by updrafts and downdrafts. [PAR] The troposphere is 70% [PAR] Atmospheric Processes [PAR] Interactions - Atmosphere and Ocean [PAR] In the Cycles overview, we learned that water is an essential part of the earth's system. The oceans cover nearly three-quarters of the earth's surface and play an important role in exchanging and transporting heat and moisture in the atmosphere. [PAR] Most of the water vapor in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hot Rock Energy - What is Hot Rock Energy? Hot Rock Energy - What is Hot Rock Energy? [PAR] Hot Rock Energy [PAR] What is Hot Rock Energy? [PAR] Geothermal Energy | Hot Rock Energy | Hot Dry Rocks | Enhanced Geothermal Resources [PAR] Classical Geothermal energy is widely regarded as describing the process of using hot water or steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs in the earth's crust, created by upward convection and conduction of heat from the Earth\u2019s mantle and core, that can be used for geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity generation. [PAR] Hot Dry Rock (HDR) describes the process of extracting heat from deep crystalline rock heated by the decay of radioactive elements including uranium, thorium, and potassium isotopes in effect - nature's nuclear power plant. [PAR] In recognition of the recent discovery that these target rocks aren't dry the newer term Hot Rock Energy is beginning to gain dominance. [PAR] Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) describes Hot Rock Energy sytems with \"engineered\" heat exchangers where the hot rocks have been fractured to allow for enhanced fluid volumes and flow. [PAR] Images of Hot Rock Energy Systems [PAR] [PAR] Note the timelines for Geothermal Hot Rock that predict that Hot Rock Energy will be amongst, if not, [PAR] the first of the non-coal \"baseload\" Alternative Energy systems to be deployed [PAR] Hot Rock Energy will provide the cheapest green baseload electricity emission free production system [PAR] [PAR] The amount of money spent on Hot Rock Energy is rapidly increasing [PAR] http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/geothermal [PAR] Hot Rock Energy | EGS* - Enhanced Geothermal Resource [PAR] A type of geothermal power production system that utilizes the very high temperatures that can be found in rocks a few kilometers below ground. This is done by pumping high pressure water down a borehole into the heat zone. The water travels through fractures of the rock, capturing the heat of the rock until it is forced out of a second borehole as very hot water \u2013 the thermal energy of which is converted into electricity using either a steam turbine or a binary power plant system. All of the water, then cooled, is injected back into the ground to heat up again. [PAR] Since the 1970s, research projects aimed at developing techniques for the creation of geothermal reservoirs are being conducted around the world. These include the following: [PAR] \u2022 United States: Fenton Hill, Coso, Desert Peak, Glass Mountain, and The Geysers/Clear Lake [PAR] \u2022 United Kingdom: Rosemanowes [PAR] \u2022 France: Soultz, Le Mayet de Montagne [PAR] \u2022 Japan: Hijiori and Ogachi [PAR] \u2022 Australia: Cooper Basin, Hunter Valley, and others [PAR] \u2022 Sweden: Fjallbacka [PAR] \u2022 Germany: Falkenberg, Horstberg, and Bad Urach [PAR] \u2022 Switzerland: Basel and Geneva [PAR] More on Geothermal Historical Development Timelines [PAR] The potential rewards for Australia of having almost limitless, green, base load electricity have been well recognised by our current Labor Government and several parliament members are actively promoting funding for research and ongoing development. A lot of interest is also being generated overseas and a 2007 paper, excerpted below, encapsulates many of the benefits that apply to both the USA and Australia. [PAR] The Future of Geothermal Energy (USA 2007) -Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems on the United States in the 21st Century. An assessment by the MIT-led interdisciplinary panel. Read full paper [PAR] \"When examining the full life cycle of geothermal energy developments, their overall environmental impacts are markedly lower than conventional fossil-fired and nuclear power plants. In addition, they may have lower impacts in comparison to other renewables such as solar, biomass,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dinosaurs 118 Final - Science 118 with Oliver at Worcester ... Dinosaurs 118 Final - Science 118 with Oliver at Worcester State College - StudyBlue [PAR] Who was the last Ptolemaic Pharaoh? [PAR] Cleopatra [PAR] Which of the Greek elements was the lightest? [PAR] Fire [PAR] The fall of what city was the ultimate (albeit distant) justification given for the first crusade? [PAR] Jerusalem [PAR] When did the universe begin (roughly)? [PAR] 14 billion years ago [PAR] Who was the tutor of Alexander, Prince of Macedon? [PAR] Aristotle [PAR] Identify the scientist associated with: Astrology [PAR] Ptolemy [PAR] What Greek city is the home of the Pythian Oracle of Apollo? [PAR] Delphi [PAR] The statement \"We can't prove Aliens didn't build the pyramids, therefore they did\" is an example of the appeal to stupidity. True or False? [PAR] False [PAR] An appeal to authority is legitimate if 1) The authority is an expert in the area of knowledge under consideration; and 2) The statement of the authority concerns his or her area of mastery; and 3) You happen to like the experts point of view. True or False? [PAR] False [PAR] If we pass laws against fully-automatic weapons, then it won't be long before we pass laws on all weapons, and then we will begin to restrict other rights, and finally we will end up living in a communist state. Thus we should not ban fully automatic weapons. What kind of argument is this? [PAR] A slippery slope argument [PAR] The argument fallacy hat means attacking the person instead of the argument is: [PAR] Ad hominem [PAR] Anecdotes are valid evidence. True or False? [PAR] False [PAR] \"Science is built of facts the way a house if built of bricks; but an accumulation of facts is no more science than a pile of bricks is a house.\" - Who said this? [PAR] Henri Poincaire [PAR] Tautaology, circular reasoning, and 'avoiding the question' all mean the same thing. True or False? [PAR] False [PAR] Treating a complex issue as if there are only two, polar opposite choices is called: [PAR] False Dichotomy [PAR] 'Circular reasoning' is using a restatement of your conclusions as your premise. True or False? [PAR] True [PAR] What is the term for a faulty logical argument? [PAR] Fallacious [PAR] The fallacy occurs when we selectively focus on the evidence which tends to make our case while ignoring counter-examples is called: [PAR] Confirmation Bias [PAR] The fallacy of exclusion violates the total evidence principle. True or False? [PAR] True [PAR] Statement 1: All squares are rectangles. This is a square, therefore it is a rectangle. [PAR] Statement 2: This is a rectangle, therefore it is a square. [PAR] Statement 2 is an example of a: [PAR] Non-reciprocal syllogism [PAR] If, because we don't know something DIDN'T happen, we can conclude that it DID happen, then we have committed the appeal to: [PAR] Ignorance [PAR] Using 'expert' testimony to make your case is called; [PAR] Appeal to Authority [PAR] Dr. Oliver's observation that \"people don't usually answer the question they are being asked\" is known as 'avoiding the question.' True or False? [PAR] True [PAR] The latin term for a conclusion that \"doesn't follow' from a premise is; [PAR] Non sequitur [PAR] Using an unrelated argument to distract from the case being debated is called a; [PAR] Red Herring [PAR] What Family includes leopards and domestic cats? [PAR] Felidae [PAR] According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, [PAR] a new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence [PAR] Who is the creator"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 6 endangered animals poachers are hunting into extinction 6 endangered animals poachers are hunting into extinction [PAR] FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest [PAR] 6 endangered animals poachers are hunting into extinction [PAR] The killing of Cecil the lion, one of Zimbabwe\u2019s most loved wild animals, is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the thousands of animals taken by poachers each year. [PAR] Post to Facebook [PAR] 6 endangered animals poachers are hunting into extinction The killing of Cecil the lion, one of Zimbabwe\u2019s most loved wild animals, is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the thousands of animals taken by poachers each year. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1SocYFu [PAR] CancelSend [PAR] A link has been sent to your friend's email address. [PAR] Posted! [PAR] A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. [PAR] 4 [PAR] To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs [PAR] 6 endangered animals poachers are hunting into extinction [PAR] Jessica Phelan, GlobalPost Published 11:34 a.m. ET July 31, 2015 | Updated 2:55 p.m. ET July 31, 2015 [PAR] A staff member with the Kenya Wildlife Services does an inventory of illegal elephant ivory stockpiles at its headquarters in Nairobi on July 21, 2015. [PAR] (Photo: Tony Karumba, AFP/Getty Images) [PAR] The killing of Cecil the lion, one of Zimbabwe\u2019s most loved wild animals, is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the thousands of animals taken by poachers each year. [PAR] Some are killed by hunters, others by organized criminals who want to sell different parts. Sometimes, it's impoverished people looking for easy cash or even a meal. [PAR] Whatever poachers\u2019 motivations, they\u2019re threatening to wipe some of the most vulnerable species off the face of the earth. [PAR] Here are six animals that, like Cecil, poaching might rob us of forever. [PAR] ELEPHANTS [PAR] (Photo: Ben Curtis, AP) [PAR] Poachers are the single biggest threat to elephants\u2019 survival. After decades of decimation of elephant populations for their ivory, the international trade in \u201cwhite gold\u201d was banned in 1989. Yet people\u2019s persistent willingness to hand over bigger and bigger sums of money for dead elephant tusk \u2014 in China, $2,100 per 2.2 pounds on average as of last year \u2014 has made it more tempting than ever for profit seekers to kill elephants illegally. The most comprehensive survey to date stated that 100,000 African elephants were poached across the continent between 2010 and 2012. According to those figures, in 2011 alone poachers killed roughly one in every 12 African elephants. [PAR] Sometimes elephant poachers use bows and arrows as their weapon of choice. Sometimes they tip the arrows with poison, like the people who last year slaughtered one of Kenya\u2019s most famous elephants, Satao , and hacked off his magnificent 6.5-foot tusks. Other hunting expeditions have seen gangs turn grenades and AK-47s on entire herds , even within the supposed shelter of national parks. [PAR] Asian elephants , considered an even more vulnerable species, are also hunted for their tusks, body parts, meat and hide. Unlike their African cousins, only male Asian elephants have tusks \u2014 a fact that makes the consequences of poaching even more devastating, since the selective killings of bulls creates a gender imbalance and thereby reduces reproduction in the remaining population. [PAR] RHINOS [PAR] (Photo: Tony Karumba, AFP/Getty Images) [PAR] Rhinoceroses, like elephants, suffer the misfortune of having an external protrusion that humans arbitrarily place a high value upon. Rhino horn was reported to be selling for $65,000 per 2.2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Potential Carcinogens in Your Drinking Water and How to ... Potential Carcinogens in Your Drinking Water and How to Test for Contamination [PAR] Bringing Drinking Water & Insight To The World [PAR] Cancer Awareness: \u201cTop Ten\u201d Potential Risks in Your Drinking Water (Part 1 of 2) [PAR] by wfnblog on October 20, 2011 [PAR] Many of us are increasingly unsettled about the potential harm of a growing number of contaminants in tap water, especially those which adversely impact human health. Since the 1970s, sampling for water pollutants has markedly increased. Now hundreds of manufactured chemicals have been found in the groundwater and various other drinking water sources. Chemical contamination of drinking water can be traced to several different causes, including wrongful disposal of household cleaners, leaking underground storage tanks, seepage from landfills, discharge from factories and increased pesticide & fertilizer use over the past fifty years. [PAR] As troubling as the discovery of contaminated drinking water is, it\u2019s a more hopeful sign that in recent decades, laboratories have become much more finely skilled in detecting a long list of chemicals. More importantly, our scientific knowledge of the health risks linked to drinking water contaminants has also improved. As a result, various home water treatment options are now widely available for reducing exposure to chemicals in tap water. [PAR] Some contaminants are known to cause cancer in the human population. Others are suspected culprits. These contaminants are commonly referred to as carcinogens. When the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes primary drinking water standards for carcinogens, the EPA acknowledges that no concentration in drinking water is safe, but it also must decide what level of risk is tolerable for the purpose of regulation. For many carcinogens, the concentration in drinking water causing no more than one cancer per million is typically in the range of a few parts per billion. Although more research continues to be done on an ongoing basis, here are our current \u201ctop ten\u201d contaminants of possible concern: [PAR] Synthetic Organic Chemicals: Pesticides, Fertilizers, THMs, VOCs, Solvents [PAR] 1. Pesticides are manufactured by humans from carbon, chlorine, hydrogen, nitrogen and other elements for a variety of purposes. The health effects of pesticides depend on their chemical characteristics. The use of pesticides, which include insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, is widespread in commercial farming and residential landscaping. Pesticides enter the groundwater during accidental spills, improper application, illegal dumping, manufacturing discharge or excessive rainfall after normal application. These agricultural chemicals can contain substances that disrupt the endocrine system. Some of these chemicals break down very slowly, so they persist in the environment\u2014even in non-agricultural areas. [PAR] 2. Fertilizers are another group of chemicals commonly used in agriculture to increase crop yield. Fertilizer by-products, formed as a result of natural chemical processes, however, can be potentially carcinogenic. These agricultural chemicals are one of the major sources of water pollution. For instance, the nitrogen in fertilizers gets converted into nitrate that seeps into groundwater. When ingested, nitrates form nitrosamines which have been found to cause tumor growths in animal studies. [PAR] 3. Water Disinfection By-Products (THMs) are another issue. Although disinfection of the drinking water supply with chemicals like chlorine has dramatically reduced outbreaks of waterborne illnesses and deaths, research has suggested that long-term exposure to disinfection by-products may elevate cancer risk. Hundreds of disinfection by-products have been identified, but only a few are monitored. Even fewer have been tested for carcinogenicity. One common category of by-products are trihalomethanes, which form when chlorine and/or bromine combine with organic material in the water, such as decomposing leaves or animal waste. Some examples of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Recycle Metals: 6 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Recycle Metals: 6 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] How to Recycle Metals [PAR] Community Q&A [PAR] Recycling metal items from your household waste is an excellent way to save energy and help reduce the waste piles. This article provides an overview of which metals you can recycle and the forms that you're likely to find them in in your household; it will also provide some advice on what is likely not to be recyclable at most recycling depots! [PAR] Steps [PAR] 1 [PAR] Contact local recycling facilities to see what is available to you, what types of materials they accept, and other guidelines they may have. Once you have done this, you can look for good materials to bring in for recycling. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Recycle aluminum . Aluminum is very lucrative for the recycling companies and recycled aluminum requires only 5 percent of the energy required for making it from scratch. Here are some of the items to consider recycling: [PAR] Aluminum candy bar wrappers. Note that many wrappers might look like aluminum, but are actually tin foil and may not be recyclable. Ask your recycling facility. [PAR] Aluminum plates [PAR] Brass [PAR] 6 [PAR] Know which metals are not recyclable. There are a number of metallic items that won't be recyclable at most depots (although it never hurts to ask). The following items provide an idea of what is mostly likely not recyclable: [PAR] Containers used for paint or aerosols - dispose of properly [PAR] Toxic products - must be disposed of properly in accordance with relevant laws [PAR] Clothes hangers (but there is a range of amazing things you can reuse these for, like a panty hose sculpture and more !) Your local dry cleaners may take hangers. [PAR] Pieces of metal - make craft from scrap metal where possible [PAR] Pipes (unless they are copper) [PAR] Community Q&A [PAR] If this question (or a similar one) is answered twice in this section, please click here to let us know. [PAR] Video [PAR] This video provides a few tips on recycling frozen juice containers, which contain plastic and cardboard in addition to metal. [PAR] Tips [PAR] Check out metal prices online to see whether or not you should be recycling for profit or just for doing a good deed. [PAR] Note that what can and cannot be recycled depends on your local recycling capacities. Some of the items in this article may or may not be recyclable in your region, dependent on recycling capacity. This guide is general in nature; it pays to call and find out what is accepted. [PAR] Things You'll Need [PAR] Recycling depot [PAR] Information about what your local depot does and does not accept for recycling; this differs from region to region and country to country and is dependent on demand[DOC] [TLE] What Can I Recycle | Waste Management What Can I Recycle | Waste Management [PAR] What Can I Recycle? [PAR] Where Can I Recycle? [PAR] What Can I Recycle? [PAR] Through advances in recycling technology, you have more options than ever. And it's a good thing because we need to conserve as much of our resources as possible. [PAR] Metals [PAR] BATTERIES/BULBS [PAR] ELECTRONICS [PAR] Do you think of your empty soda cans and food cans as a natural resource? They are. Americans currently discard about 2.7 million tons of aluminum each year. Of that, about 50 percent is recycled. Apart from the economic impact, the environmental savings of recycling metal are enormous. Recycling steel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name of the liquid rock which pours from a ... What is the name of the liquid rock which pours from a volcano? - YouTube [PAR] What is the name of the liquid rock which pours from a volcano? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 1, 2013 [PAR] This improves the knowledge of the children indirectly as they never know that they are learning. - [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weather Forecasting facts, information, pictures ... Weather Forecasting facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Weather Forecasting [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group, Inc. [PAR] Weather forecasting [PAR] Weather forecasting is the attempt by meteorologists to predict the state of the atmosphere at some future time and the weather conditions that may be expected. Weather forecasting is the single most important practical reason for the existence of meteorology as a science. It is obvious that knowing the future of the weather can be important for individuals and organizations. Accurate weather forecasts can tell a farmer the best time to plant, an airport control tower what information to send to planes that are landing and taking off, and residents of a coastal region when a hurricane might strike. [PAR] Humans have been looking for ways to forecast the weather for centuries. The Greek natural philosopher Theophrastus wrote a Book of Signs, in about 300 b.c. listing more than 200 ways of knowing when to expect rain, wind , fair conditions, and other kinds of weather. [PAR] Scientifically-based weather forecasting was not possible until meteorologists were able to collect data about current weather conditions from a relatively widespread system of observing stations and organize that data in a timely fashion. By the 1930s, these conditions had been met. Vilhelm and Jacob Bjerknes developed a weather station network in the 1920s that allowed for the collection of regional weather data. The weather data collected by the network could be transmitted nearly instantaneously by use of the telegraph, invented in the 1830s by Samuel F. B. Morse. The age of scientific forecasting, also referred to as synoptic forecasting, was under way. [PAR] In the United States , weather forecasting is the responsibility of the National Weather Service (NWS), a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the Department of Commerce. NWS maintains more than 400 field offices and observatories in all 50 states and overseas. The future modernized structure of the NWS will include 116 weather forecast offices (WFO) and 13 river forecast centers, all collocated with WFOs. WFOs also collect data from ships at sea all over the world and from meteorological satellites circling Earth . Each year the Service collects nearly four million pieces of information about atmospheric conditions from these sources. [PAR] The information collected by WFOs is used in the weather forecasting work of NWS. The data is processed by nine National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Each center has a specific weather-related responsibility: seven of the centers focus on weather prediction\u2014the Aviation Weather Center, the Climate Prediction Center, the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, the Marine Prediction Center, the Space Environment Center, the Storm Prediction Center, and the Tropical Prediction Center\u2014while the other two centers develop and run complex computer models of the atmosphere and provide support to the other centers\u2014the Environmental Prediction Center and NCEP Central Operations. Severe weather systems such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes are monitored at the National Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma , and the National Hurricane Center in Miami , Florida . Hurricane watches and warnings are issued by the National Hurricane Center's Tropical Prediction Center in Miami, Florida, (serving the Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico , and eastern Pacific Ocean ) and by the Forecast Office in Honolulu , Hawaii , (serving the central Pacific). WFOs, other government agencies, and private meteorological services rely on NCEP's information, and many of the weather forecasts in the paper, and on radio and television, originate at NCEP. [PAR] Global weather data are collected at more than 1,000 observation points around the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 15 weird natural phenomena [PICS] - Matador Network 15 weird natural phenomena [PICS] - Matador Network [PAR] 15 weird natural phenomena [PICS] [PAR] by Sarah Park [PAR] August 27, 2010 [PAR] Sarah Park brings us some of the most dangerous, beautiful, and downright weird wonders of the natural world. [PAR] 1 [PAR] Bioluminescent red tide [PAR] When conditions are just right, ocean phytoplankton reproduce like bunnies, creating a thick, visible layer near the surface. These algae blooms (a.k.a \"red tide\") might look disgusting during the day, but in parts of California and other places where the bioluminescent variety of Noctiluca scintillans bloom, red tide nights look out of this world. This particular variety of phytoplankton glows blue when agitated, transforming the dark ocean into a giant lava lamp. Watch the waves light up as they crash, run across the sand to see the ground glow under your feet, or dive in to be surrounded by the bizarre Timex-y glow. N. scintillans is also the culprit behind the Bioluminescent Bays in Puerto Rico . Photo: catalano82 [PAR] 2 [PAR] Foxfire [PAR] During the late summer, a faint, eerie glow can be seen in forests around the world, where bioluminescent mushrooms grow on moist, rotting bark. The greatest diversity of foxfire occurs in the tropics, where moist forests encourage fungal growth. The newest varieties of glow-in-the-dark mushrooms were introduced to the world just last year, after being collected from Ribeira Valley Tourist State Park near Sao Paulo, Brazil. To up your chances of seeing this one, hunt in the forest during its wettest season and move as far as possible from any artificial light sources. And f you happen to see a patch of glowing shrooms, don't even think about it -- they're not that kind of mushroom . Photo: Ylem [PAR] 3 [PAR] Fire rainbow [PAR] Another summertime occurrence, fire rainbows appear when sunlight hits frozen ice crystals in high-altitude cirrus clouds. Because the fire rainbow actually involves no rain at all, scientists would rather we refer to this occurrence by its much less fun, but much more accurate title: the circumhorizonal arc. Since the arc requires both the presence of cirrus clouds and for the sun to be extremely high in the sky, it's much more likely to be seen at latitudes closer to the equator. Conditions might be right for a fire rainbow in Los Angeles six months out of the year, but in a more northern city like London, that window drops to a mere two months. The photo above was taken in West Virginia . Photo: Jeff Kubina [PAR] Intermission [PAR] 4 [PAR] Nacreous clouds [PAR] For those of you a bit farther away from the equator, there's still plenty to see in the sky. Nacreous clouds (also called mother-of-pearl clouds) are extremely rare, but unmistakeable in the dark hours before dawn or after sunset. Because of their extremely high altitudes, they reflect sunlight from below the horizon, shining it down brightly, in stark comparison to the regular ol' dark clouds in the troposphere. The lower stratosphere, where nacreous clouds live, is so dry that it often prevents cloud formation, but the extreme cold of polar winters makes this beautiful phenomenon possible. Captured best during winter at high latitudes, nacreous clouds have been spotted in Iceland , Alaska, Northern Canada, and very rarely, farther south in England. Photo: Thomas Larsen R\u00c3\u00b8ed [PAR] 5 [PAR] Snow rollers [PAR] Snow rollers are formed when a thick layer of snow falls on top of a layer of ice. If the temperature and wind speed are right, chunks of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hail or Sleet, How to Tell the Difference - AccuWeather.com Hail or Sleet, How to Tell the Difference [PAR] Hail or Sleet, How to Tell the Difference [PAR] By By: Kristen Connolly [PAR] February 21, 2013, 8:25:21 AM EST [PAR] There are two easy facts to differentiate between hail and sleet: time of year and size. Using these essentials, it is easy to identify what kind of frozen precipitation is falling. [PAR] Hail: [PAR] Hail occurs during severe weather. Hail is the formed when an object, including dust or particles in the air, collides with supercooled water. As the water freezes around the object, it begins to form an ice pellet. To understand this, you have to remember that warm air rises and cool air sinks (the same as heating or cooling in your house) this is because colder air is more dense than warmer air. Normally, warm air is very buoyant in the clouds that are associated with thunderstorms. This buoyancy causes these clouds to rise higher into the atmosphere past the freezing level. [PAR] The length of time the ice pellet stays in the cloud is a representation of how large it will be when it falls to the ground. How does it increase in size? Inside the cloud, there are a series of updrafts. The pellet will continue to be tossed up and down, adding layers of ice, until it becomes too heavy for the updraft. When the hail becomes too heavy, it then falls to the ground. Usually accompanying severe thunderstorms, hail can be a variety of sizes, many times correlating with the intensity of the thunderstorms. Certain hail can get as large as golf balls, softballs or even larger! The largest hailstone ever found was in Vivian, S.D., it weighed 1.9 pounds and measured 8 inches in diameter with an 18.5-inch circumference. [PAR] Sleet [PAR] Sleet occurs during winter weather and is a type of winter precipitation. All precipitation falls out of a cloud as snow. In certain instances, in the winter, the snowflake will go through a warmer layer and begin to melt. As it continues to fall, it will then proceed through a colder layer and freeze into an ice pellet or ball, very similar to hail. Unlike hail, the pellet only \"falls\" once and is generally very tiny in size."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the hardest natural substance known? | Flexiguru What is the hardest natural substance known? | Flexiguru [PAR] What is the hardest natural substance known? [PAR] Class 10th Chemistry [PAR] Mahesh Kumar [PAR] The hardest natural substance is diamond which is an allotrope of carbon. It has superlative physical qualities which originated from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms. The carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centred cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. [PAR] Kamal Sharma [PAR] Diamond. It's carbon packed extremely tightly together, which makes it pretty much unbreakable. This is also part of the reason why diamonds are so highly valued no one wants their diamond ring to fall to the ground and shatter into a million pieces. [PAR] Diamond is currently thought to be the hardest natural material on Earth, having a hardness of ten out of ten on the Mohs scale of mineral [PAR] hardness. Diamond is made up of carbon atoms which share strong covalent [PAR] bonds (where electrons are shared between atoms) and are equally spaced [PAR] in a lattice arrangement. These atoms cannot move, which is what makes [PAR] diamonds so hard."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] a murder of Crows - The Crow Society The Crow Society [PAR] What do you call a grouping of Crows? A murder [PAR] Many birds live alone, but crows live in a group called a murder. [PAR] Most people would call it a Flock of Crows. One could think of a murder of Crows to be the \"poetic term\" . The word for this grouping appears in the title of the short story \"Murders in the Rue Morgue\" is a well-known short story by Edgar Allan Poe. [PAR] This is all things to the \"collective noun\". In fact a murder is not the only collective noun for a grouping of crows. [PAR] A horde, hover, muster, parcel are also listed as collective nouns for Crows. The most famous of them all is \"a murder. [PAR] A collective noun is a noun that is singular in formal shape but denotes a group of referents. These are also called group nouns. Sometimes, usually in grammatical discussions, collective noun is also used to refer to plural-only words such as people or cattle. [PAR] It gets crazy when you start to look at all of the A collective nouns. Here are just a short list!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speed of a Snail - Hypertextbook Speed of a Snail - The Physics Factbook [PAR] Speed of a Snail [PAR] The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1999. New Jersey: Primedia, 1998: 572. [PAR] \"Garden snail, 0.03 mph\" [PAR] 0.013 m/s [PAR] Branson, Branley Allan. World & I. 11, 5 (May 1996): 166. [PAR] \"A large banana slug has been observed to cover 6.5 inches in 120 minutes. At that rate, a tortoise would seem fleet-footed.\" [PAR] 0.000023 m/s [PAR] The Guinness Book of World Records 1998. Stanford, CT: Guinness, 1997: 144. [PAR] \"A garden snail named Archie, owned by Carl Branhorn of Pott Row, England, covered a 13 inch course in 2 minutes at the 1995 World Snail Racing Championships, held in Longhan, England.\" [PAR] 0.0028 m/s [PAR] Snails and slugs are gastropods, which make up the largest class of mollusks with more than 60,000 species. Most of these species can be identified by their shells. Some dwell in ocean, others in the freshwater of rivers, ponds, and lakes. Land snails abound in tropical jungles and in damp temperate regions. All of them need calcium carbonate for building their shells, and so are not common in sandy soil. Slugs differ from snails in that they generally have only a small internal shell. [PAR] Snails move by sliding on their single foot. Specialized glands in the foot secrete mucus, which lubricates the path over which the snail crawls. Snails can only crawl. Even those that live in water can't swim. As they crawl they secrete a slime to help themselves move across surfaces. Snails and slugs travel at speeds that vary from slow (0.013 m/s) to very slow (0.0028 m/s). [PAR] The snail's head bears the mouth opening and one or two pairs of tentacles. The eyes are located at the base of the tentacles. Most snails live off plants and dead organic matter, although a few are carnivorous. Their radula is a tongue-like projection of their mouth which is lined with small sharp teeth. Some snails obtain food by using their radula to drill holes in the shells of other mollusks. [PAR] Freshwater snails and land snails have been eaten by people since prehistoric times. Today they are still regarded as a delicacy in many countries. The market supply comes largely from snails that are raised in captivity on special farms in southern France, Italy, and Spain. About 10,000 snails can be kept in a 9 square meter area, where they are fed meal, vegetables, and bran. [PAR] Angie Yee -- 1999[DOC] [TLE] Slowest moving land animal on Earth - YouTube Slowest moving land animal on Earth - YouTube [PAR] Slowest moving land animal on Earth [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 21, 2013 [PAR] If you are searching for a video of the record holder for the slowest moving animal on Earth, then you're in the right place. As all of you may know that there are 3 animals known to be the slowest animals in the world. Sloths move only when necessary and even then very slowly. On the ground the maximum speed of the three-toed sloth is 2 m or 6.5 feet per minute or 0.15 mile per hour. A giant tortoise's speed is 0.17 miles per hour. The common garden snail is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rocks, Minerals, and Fossils - Science World Rocks, Minerals, and Fossils [PAR] Rocks, Minerals, and Fossils [PAR] From Grolier's New Book of Popular Science [PAR] A geologist studies a rock outcrop. [PAR] Scott Orr/iStockphoto [PAR] Rocks are subjected to a variety of physical and chemical conditions such as heat, weather, and erosion, which can change rocks from one kind to another. [PAR] Grolier [PAR] Growing up during the 1950s, Jack Horner wandered the hills and gullies of Montana, head down and eyes open, looking at rocks. At age 8, he found his first dinosaur bone. Today Horner is the world's best-known \"dinosaur hunter.\" He searches for their fossil remains in rock beds from Mexico to Mongolia. [PAR] Although few people will pursue rock or fossil hunting as a career, most everyone has, from time to time, stooped down to pick up an unusual rock, a pretty crystal, or a fossilized shell. This is hands-on geology, because the history of Earth is contained in its rocks, minerals, and fossils. Learning about their formation and forms can enhance one's appreciation of Earth's geologic history, and perhaps inspire a lifelong hobby. [PAR] ROCKS [PAR] Although almost everyone knows what a rock looks like, far fewer people can name its defining characteristics. A rock can be defined as a naturally formed solid that consists of particles of one or more natural substances such as mineral grains, glass, and fragments of plant debris. By the term \"naturally formed,\" geologists exclude from this definition human-made solids such as concrete. [PAR] With the term \"solid,\" most geologists also exclude loose substances such as silt, clay, and sand from their definition of a rock. But sometimes it can be difficult to distinguish a loose material such as sand from a solid rock such as sandstone. To simplify matters, many geologists follow a simple rule: if you need a hammer to break it, it is a rock. This is not to say that rocks always remain in a solid state. Under great pressure, rocks can melt. Indeed, natural glass\u2014a common type of rock\u2014is formed by supercooling molten rock, or magma. [PAR] Most rocks consist of a mixture of more than one substance, usually a variety of minerals and organic substances. Coal, for example, typically contains fragments of ancient plant debris, called macerals, mixed with assorted mineral grains. Most volcanic rocks contain a mixture of mineral grains and glass. Sometimes particles of a single mineral form the bulk of a rock, as calcite does in limestone. [PAR] Rocks form the outer layer, or crust, of Earth. The rocks that can be seen on the surface or reached by digging through the soil are called bedrock. Over the centuries, geologists have mapped the bedrock of regions large and small. They have found that rocks of similar types underlie many large regions of the world. From these, geologists have developed three basic categories of rock, distinguished by the processes that form them. [PAR] Igneous rock forms when molten rock below Earth's surface cools enough to solidify. The crust of the primitive Earth is believed to have once consisted entirely of igneous rock. [PAR] Sedimentary rock, as its name implies, consists of sediment\u2014particles of dissolved and weathered rock, as well as the remains of decayed plants and animals. Typically, sedimentary rock forms when such particles collect in oceans, lake beds, and other places, where they become cemented together in layers over hundreds or thousands of years. [PAR] Metamorphic rock forms when preexisting rock sinks, without melting, deep into Earth, where it is twisted and deformed or chemically changed by heat, pressure,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ozone Layer - The Ozone Hole The Ozone Layer [PAR] The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth. Over 90% of ozone in earth's atmosphere is present here \"Relatively high\" means a few parts per million\u2014much higher than the concentrations in the lower atmosphere but still small compared to the main components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately 15 km to 35 km above Earth's surface, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. [PAR] A dobson unit is the most basic measure used in ozone research.One Dobson Unit (DU) is defined to be 0.01 mm thickness at STP (standard temperature and pressure). Ozone layer thickness is expressed in terms of Dobson units, which measure what its physical thickness would be if compressed in the Earth's atmosphere. In those terms, it's very thin indeed. A normal range is 300 to 500 Dobson units, which translates to an eighth of an inch-basically two stacked pennies. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In space, it's best not to envision the ozone layer as a distinct, measurable band. Instead, think of it in terms of parts per million concentrations in the stratosphere (the layer six to 30 miles above the Earth's surface). [PAR] The unit is named after G.M.B. Dobson, one of the first scientists to investigate atmospheric ozone . [PAR] A thinning ozone layer leads to a number of serious health risks for humans. It causes greater incidences of skin cancer and cataract of the eye, with children being particularly vulnerable. There are also serious impacts for biodiversity. Increased UV-B rays reduce levels of plankton in the oceans and subsequently diminish fish stocks. It can also have adverse effects on plant growth, thus reducing agricultural productivity. Another negative effect is the reduced lifespan of certain materials. [PAR] Severe depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer was first observed in the early 1980s. The international response embodied in the Montreal Protocol. Today 191 countries worldwide have signed the Montreal Protocol which is widely regarded as the most successful Multinational Environmental Agreement ever reached to date. [PAR] Furthermore the phasing out of ozone depleting substances (ODS) has helped to fight climate change since many ODS are also powerful greenhouse gases.[DOC] [TLE] The 5 Layers of the Atmosphere - About.com Education The Layers of Earth's Atmosphere [PAR] the thermosphere, and [PAR] the exosphere. [PAR] In-between each of these major five layers are transition zones called \"pauses\" where temperature changes, air composition, and air density occur. Pauses included, the atmosphere is a total of 9 layers thick! [PAR] The Troposphere: Where Weather Happens [PAR] Of all the atmosphere's layer's, the troposphere is the one we're most familiar with (whether you realize it or not) since we live at it's bottom -- the Earth's surface. It hugs the Earth's surface and extends upward to about high. Troposphere means, \u2018where the air turns over\u2019. A very appropriate name, since it is the layer where our day-to-day weather takes place. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] Starting at sea level, the troposphere goes up 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) high. The bottom one third, that which is closest to us, contains 50% of all atmospheric gases. This is the only part of the whole makeup of the atmosphere that is breathable. Thanks to its air being heated from below by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indian Himalayan States - ENVIS on Himalayan Ecology ... Indian Himalayan States - ENVIS on Himalayan Ecology, GBPIHED, Almora [PAR] Indian Himalayan States [PAR] % share of geographical area in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) [PAR] 1 [PAR] JAMMU & KASHMIR [PAR] Jammu & Kashmir, located in the extreme north of the country, is situated between 320 17' and 370 5' N latitudes and 720 40' and 800 30' E longitudes. It is bounded on north by China, on east by Tibet, on south by Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and on west by Pakistan. Geographically, this state is divided into four zones \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd the mountainous and semi-mountainous plain known as Kandi belt, hills including Siwalik ranges, mountains of Kashmir valley and Pir Panjal range, and Tibetan tract of Ladakh and Kargil. The state has a number of lakes, rivers, rivulets and glacial regions. The important rivers of this state are Indus, Chenab and Sutlej (Jhelum). There are extreme variations in climate in the state due to its location and topography. The climate of the state varies from tropical in Jammu plains to semi-arctic cold in Ladakh with Kashmir and Jammu mountainous tracts having temperate climatic conditions. The temperature of this state varies spatially. Leh is coldest and Jammu is the hottest region in the state. In the winter nights, temperature goes down below zero and very often heavy snowfall occurs during November to February. The annual rainfall varies from region to region with 92.6 mm in Leh, 650.5 mm in Srinagar and 1,115.9 mm in Jammu. Geologically, the state represents constituted rocks varying from the oldest period of the earth\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds history to the youngest present day river and lake deposits. [PAR] Jammu & Kashmir at a glance [PAR] Geographical area (km2) [PAR] Agriculture (80% of total occupation) [PAR] Major industries [PAR] Handicrafts & handlooms [PAR] *Included 78,114 and 37,555 km2 occupied by Pakistan and China, respectively, and 5,180 km2 handed over by Pakistan to China [PAR] #Provisional figure of 2002 from SRS, Office of the Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. [PAR] HIMACHAL PRADESH [PAR] Himachal Pradesh lies between the latitudes 30o 23' \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 33 o 13' N and longitudes 75 o 43' -79 o 4' E. The state is bounded by Uttarakhand on the southeast, Tibet on the east, Punjab on the west and southwest, Haryana on south and Jammu & Kashmir on the north. It is situated in the northwest corner of the India; right in the lap of Himalayan ranges. The altitudinal variation ranges between 460 meters to 6,600 meters above mean sea level. The state is divided into three zones \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd the Siwaliks or the outer Himalaya, the low mountains which have less altitude in comparison to great mountains in the middle, and the zone of the Zanskar (high peaks of Himalaya). Many parts of this state are snow bound from December to April. Numerous passes and glaciers are found in this state. Most important rivers of this state are \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Chenab (Chandrabhaga), Ravi (Iravati), Sutlej (Shatadru), Beas (Vipasa) and Yamuna (Jamuna). The Chenab flows 122 km inside Himachal Pradesh before it enters Jammu & Kashmir. Yamuna has a catchments area of 2,320 km2 in Himachal Pradesh. The climate of northern part or the glacial region of this state is almost cool throughout the year. In winter, snowfall continues until March and could be as high as three meters on the average. The southern part has similarity with the plains and varies from hot to sub-humid. The state experiences cold season from October to middle of March, hot seasons from April to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ultraviolet Radiation: How It Affects Life on Earth ... Ultraviolet Radiation: How It Affects Life on Earth : Feature Articles [PAR] [PAR] By Jeannie Allen \u00b7 September 6, 2001 [PAR] The sun radiates energy in a wide range of wavelengths, most of which are invisible to human eyes. The shorter the wavelength, the more energetic the radiation, and the greater the potential for harm. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the Earth\u0092s surface is in wavelengths between 290 and 400 nm (nanometers, or billionths of a meter). This is shorter than wavelengths of visible light, which are 400 to 700 nm. [PAR] People and plants live with both helpful and harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. (Photograph courtesy Jeannie Allen) [PAR] UV radiation from the sun has always played important roles in our environment, and affects nearly all living organisms. Biological actions of many kinds have evolved to deal with it. Yet UV radiation at different wavelengths differs in its effects, and we have to live with the harmful effects as well as the helpful ones. Radiation at the longer UV wavelengths of 320-400 nm, called UV-A, plays a helpful and essential role in formation of Vitamin D by the skin, and plays a harmful role in that it causes sunburn on human skin and cataracts in our eyes. The incoming radiation at shorter wavelengths, 290-320 nm, falls within the UV-B part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (UV-B includes light with wavelengths down to 280 nm, but little to no radiation below 290 nm reaches the Earth\u2019s surface). UV-B causes damage at the molecular level to the fundamental building block of life\u0097 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). [PAR] Electromagnetic radiation exists in a range of wavelengths, which are delineated into major divisions for our convenience. Ultraviolet B radiation, harmful to living organisms, represents a small portion of the spectrum, from 290 to 320 nanometer wavelengths. (Illustration by Robert Simmon) [PAR] DNA readily absorbs UV-B radiation, which commonly changes the shape of the molecule in one of several ways. The illustration below illustrates one such change in shape due to exposure to UV-B radiation. Changes in the DNA molecule often mean that protein-building enzymes cannot \u0093read\u0094 the DNA code at that point on the molecule. As a result, distorted proteins can be made, or cells can die. [PAR] Ultraviolet (UV) photons harm the DNA molecules of living organisms in different ways. In one common damage event, adjacent bases bond with each other, instead of across the \u0093ladder.\u0094 This makes a bulge, and the distorted DNA molecule does not function properly. (Illustration by David Herring) [PAR] But living cells are \u0093smart.\u0094 Over millions of years of evolving in the presence of UV-B radiation, cells have developed the ability to repair DNA. A special enzyme arrives at the damage site, removes the damaged section of DNA, and replaces it with the proper components (based on information elsewhere on the DNA molecule). This makes DNA somewhat resilient to damage by UV-B. [PAR] In addition to their own resiliency, living things and the cells they are made of are protected from excessive amounts of UV radiation by a chemical called ozone. A layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere absorbs UV radiation and prevents most of it from reaching the Earth. Yet since the mid-1970s, human activities have been changing the chemistry of the atmosphere in a way that reduces the amount of ozone in the stratosphere (the layer of atmosphere ranging from about 11 to 50 km in altitude). This means that more ultraviolet radiation can pass through the atmosphere to the Earth\u0092s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deepest Oceans and Seas of the World - Worldatlas.com Deepest Oceans and Seas of the World - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Pacific Ocean (35,837 ft) (10,924 meters) [PAR] Atlantic Ocean (30,246 ft) (9,219 meters) [PAR] Indian Ocean (24,460 ft) (7,455 meters) [PAR] Southern Ocean (23,737 ft) (7,236 meters) [PAR] Caribbean Sea (22,788 ft) (6,946 meters) [PAR] Arctic Ocean (18,456 ft) (5,625 meters) [PAR] South China Sea (16,456 ft) (5,016 meters) [PAR] Bering Sea (15,659 ft) (4,773 meters) [PAR] Mediterranean Sea (15,197 ft) (4,632 meters) [PAR] Gulf of Mexico (12,425 ft) (3,787 meters)[DOC] [TLE] Deepest Part of the Ocean - Deepest Ocean Trench Deepest Part of the Ocean - Deepest Ocean Trench [PAR] Home \u00bb Records \u00bb Deepest Point in the Oceans [PAR] Deepest Part of the Ocean [PAR] The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the deepest known location in Earth's oceans. [PAR] Mariana Trench map: Map showing the geographic location of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Image from the CIA Factbook. [PAR] Measuring the Greatest Ocean Depth [PAR] The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the deepest known point in Earth's oceans. In 2010 the United States Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping measured the depth of the Challenger Deep at 10,994 meters (36,070 feet) below sea level with an estimated vertical accuracy of \u00b1 40 meters. If Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth , were placed at this location it would be covered by over one mile of water. [PAR] The first depth measurements in the Mariana Trench were made by the British survey ship HMS Challenger, which was used by the Royal Navy in 1875 to conduct research in the trench. The greatest depth that they recorded at that time was 8,184 meters (26,850 feet). [PAR] In 1951, another Royal Navy vessel, also named the \"HMS Challenger,\" returned to the area for additional measurements. They discovered an even deeper location with a depth of 10,900 meters (35,760 feet) determined by echo sounding. The Challenger Deep was named after the Royal Navy vessel that made these measurements. [PAR] In 2009, sonar mapping done by researchers aboard the RV Kilo Moana, operated by the University of Hawaii, determined the depth to be 10,971 meters (35,994 feet) with a potential error of \u00b1 22 meters. The most recent measurement, done in 2010, is the 10,994 meter ( \u00b1 40 meter accuracy) depth reported at the top of this article, measured by the United States Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping. [PAR] Challenger Deep map: Map showing the location of the Challenger Deep on the southern end of the Mariana Trench, south of Guam. NOAA image modified by Kmusser and used here under a GNU Free Document License . [PAR] Exploring the Challenger Deep [PAR] The Challenger Deep was first explored by humans when Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descended in the Trieste bathyscaphe in 1960 . They reached a depth of 10,916 meters (35,814 feet). [PAR] In 2009 researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution completed the deepest dive by an unmanned robotic vehicle in the Challenger Deep. Their Nereus robotic vehicle reached a depth of 10,902 meters. [PAR] Why is the ocean so deep here? [PAR] The Mariana Trench is located at a convergent plate boundary. Here two converging plates of oceanic lithosphere collide with one another. At this collision point, one of the plates descends into the mantle. At the line of contact between the two plates, the downward flexure forms a trough known as an ocean trench. An example of an ocean trench is shown in the diagram. Ocean trenches form some of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the biggest animal ever to exist on Earth ... What is the biggest animal ever to exist on Earth? | HowStuffWorks [PAR] What is the biggest animal ever to exist on Earth? [PAR] Sebastien Burel/ Dreamstime.com [PAR] By considerable measure, the largest known animal on Earth is the blue whale . Mature blue whales can measure anywhere from 75 feet (23 m) to 100 feet (30.5 m) from head to tail, and can weigh as much as 150 tons (136 metric tons). That's as long as an 8- to 10-story building and as heavy as about 112 adult male giraffes! These days, most adult blue whales are only 75 to 80 feet long; whalers hunted down most of the super giants. Female blue whales generally weigh more than the males. The largest blue whale to date is a female that weighed 389,760 pounds (176,792 kg). [PAR] A blue whale's head is so wide that an entire professional football team -- about 50 people -- could stand on its tongue. Its heart is as big as a small car , and its arteries are wide enough that you could climb through them. Even baby blue whales dwarf most animals. At birth, a blue whale calf is about 25 feet (7.6 m) long and weighs more than an elephant. And they do grow up fast: During the first 7 months of its life, a blue whale drinks approximately 100 gallons (379 liters) of its mother's milk per day, putting on as much as 200 pounds (91 kg) every 24 hours. An adult blue whale can eat more than 4 tons (3.6 metric tons) of krill, a tiny shrimp-like creature, every day. [PAR] A Whale of a World [PAR] Marine Mammal Quiz [PAR] This puts blue whales well above any known land mammal in terms of size. Most people believe that the largest animals to ever exist on Earth were the dinosaurs . However, one of the largest land dinosaurs, the sauropod Argentinosaurus, weighed only about 180,000 pounds (81,647 kg). That's little more than half the size of an adult blue whale. It makes a lot of sense that the world's largest animal would be a sea creature. Land animals have to support their own weight, whereas sea creatures get some help from the water. [PAR] It is believed that at one time there were more than 200,000 blue whales. There are only about 10,000 blue whales now -- they've been on the endangered list since the mid-1960s -- and the population is not expected to recover. [PAR] \u00ad[DOC] [TLE] Whales or dinosaurs: What are the biggest, heaviest ... Mamenchisaurus and other sauropods are some of the largest dinosaurs known. [PAR] Photo by Junko Kimura/Getty Images [PAR] In 1841, in the early days of paleontology, the notoriously cantankerous anatomist Richard Owen, the man who would later coin the term \u201cdinosaur,\u201d stood before his colleagues at the Geological Society of London to announce the discovery of an enormous extinct reptile. The monster was represented by only a smattering of fossilized bone, but Owen nevertheless ascertained that the animal\u2019s tail bones \u201cequaled in dimensions a middle caudal vertebra of a full-sized whale.\u201d [PAR] Owen\u2019s name for the creature\u2014Cetiosaurus, the \u201cwhale lizard\u201d\u2014played up the creature\u2019s gargantuan size, and scientific showman that he sometimes was, Owen left the assembled scientists with the idea \u201cthat the surpassing bulk and strength of the Cetiosaurus were probably assigned to it with carnivorous habits, that it might keep in check the Crocodilians and Plesiosauri\u201d that swam the same Jurassic seas. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Owen was almost totally"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DEFORESTATION - ThinkGlobalGreen deforestation [PAR] CONTACT US [PAR] DEFORESTATION [PAR] Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6% and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. [PAR] Deforestation accounts for about 20% of global emissions of CO2 [PAR] December 2015: Three trillion trees on planet Earth \u2013 what it means. link [PAR] Full article below in first section. [PAR] Google has developed an interactive map to show forest change around the planet. link [PAR] [PAR] ______________________________________________________________ [PAR] Latest news: [PAR] Nov. 24 2016: Protected forests in Europe felled to meet EU renewable targets. Protected forests are being indiscriminately felled across Europe to meet the EU\u2019s renewable energy targets, according to an investigation by the conservation group Birdlife. Up to 65% of Europe\u2019s renewable output currently comes from bioenergy, involving fuels such as wood pellets and chips, rather than wind and solar power. [PAR] Bioenergy fuel is supposed to be harvested from residue such as forest waste but, under current legislation, European bioenergy plants do not have to produce evidence that their wood products have been sustainably sourced. In Slovakia, the drive to reach the EU\u2019s renewable energy targets has seen a 72% increase in the use of wood for bioenergy since 2007, according to Birdlife . link [PAR] [PAR] link [PAR] The scale of deforestation - link [PAR] Dec. 7 2015: Three trillion trees on planet Earth \u2013 what it means. A Yale University science team came to an estimate for the number of trees on Planet Earth - 3,041,000,000,000 - saying it is interesting to know the number of trees in the world but asking why is it useful? It is our duty as scientists to help environmental stewards and decision-makers by filling critical gaps in our knowledge. In the face of climate change - one of the most significant global threats to life as we know it \u2013 we are faced with one clear challenge: we must remove carbon from the atmosphere. Despite all of our best technological advances, it is nature that provides us with our single most effective weapons in this fight against rising CO2 concentrations. Trees absorb carbon directly from the atmosphere to be stored in their biomass and the soil. The United Nations Environment Programme ( Unep ) and Plant for the Planet designed the ambitious \"Billion Tree Campaign\". The problem was that no-one had any idea how many trees there were to start with. Without a baseline understanding of the Earth's forests, it was difficult to comprehend the impacts of these restoration efforts. By using strict criteria for the information that we include (e.g. using only trees with trunks equal to or larger than 10 cm diameter), and incorporating a huge amount of data into our predictive equations, the margin of error around this global estimate was exceptionally small (192 billion trees). By combining satellite technology with ground-sourced information collected by local forestry experts around the world, the most detailed map of the world's forests to date was generated. It revealed that the Earth's forests are home to approximately 3.041 trillion trees. Therefore one billion additional trees would only represent an increase of 0.03% on top of the current global number. In addition, the study revealed that we lose approximately 10 billion trees each year, so even if the billion tree campaign was repeated annually, it would not get us much closer to the goal of halting the net global forest loss. With new information, UNEP and Plant for the Planet\u2019s new target is to restore"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Effective Communication at Pepsi Co - Term Papers - Darwing Effective Communication at Pepsi Co - Term Paper [PAR] Effective Communication at Pepsi Co [PAR] Which Indian state is at the eastern end of the Himalayas? [PAR] A: Assam. [PAR] What is the name of the atmospheric gas which screens out the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation? [PAR] A: Ozone. [PAR] What is the world's deepest ocean? [PAR] A: Pacific. [PAR] Which is the largest animal ever to have inhabited the Earth? [PAR] A: Blue Whale. [PAR] What once covered 14% of the Earth's land area, but by 1991 over half had been destroyed? [PAR] A: Rainforest. [PAR] Which inland sea between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan is fast disappearing because the rivers that feed it have been diverted and dammed? [PAR] A: Aral Sea. [PAR] The damaged Chernobyl nuclear power station is situated in which country? [PAR] A: Ukraine. [PAR] What type of rock is granite? [PAR] A: Igneous. [PAR] What type of rock is basalt? [PAR] A: Igneous. [PAR] What is the main constituent of natural gas? [PAR] A: Methane. [PAR] What is the term for nutrient enrichment of lakes? [PAR] A: Eutrophication. [PAR] Which of the Earth's atmospheric layers reflects radio waves? [PAR] A: Ionosphere. [PAR] Which gas forms 80% of Earth's atmosphere? [PAR] A: Nitrogen. [PAR] In which mountain chain would you find Mount Everest? [PAR] A: Himalayas. [PAR] What is the collective term for substances such as coal, oil and natural gas, the burning of which produces carbon dioxide? [PAR] A: Fossil fuel. [PAR] What contributes to the greenhouse effect at lower atmospheric levels, but in the upper atmosphere protects life on Earth? [PAR] A: Ozone. [PAR] What is the name of the process by which substances are washed out of the soil? [PAR] A: Leaching. [PAR] Who was director of the environmental pressure group Friends of the Earth 1984 - 90? [PAR] A: Jonathon Porritt. [PAR] Which European country is committed to decommissioning all of its nuclear reactors? [PAR] A: Sweden. [PAR] Which Canadian city gave its name to the 1987world agreement on protection of the ozone layer? [PAR] A: Montreal. [PAR] Five-legged creatures have damaged which 1250 mile long wonder of the world? [PAR] A: Great Barrier Reef.[DOC] [TLE] World of Change: Shrinking Aral Sea : Feature Articles World of Change: Shrinking Aral Sea : Feature Articles [PAR] google earth [PAR] view large [PAR] In the 1960s, the Soviet Union undertook a major water diversion project on the arid plains of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. The region\u2019s two major rivers, fed by snowmelt and precipitation in faraway mountains, were used to transform the desert into farms for cotton and other crops. Before the project, the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya rivers flowed down from the mountains, cut northwest through the Kyzylkum Desert, and finally pooled together in the lowest part of the basin. The lake they made, the Aral Sea , was once the fourth largest in the world. [PAR] Although irrigation made the desert bloom, it devastated the Aral Sea. This series of images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA\u2019s Terra satellite documents the changes. At the start of the series in 2000, the lake was already a fraction of its 1960 extent (yellow line). The Northern Aral Sea (sometimes called the Small Aral Sea) had separated from the Southern (Large) Aral Sea. The Southern Aral Sea had split into eastern and western lobes that remained tenuously connected at both ends. [PAR] By 2001, the southern connection had been severed, and the shallower eastern part retreated rapidly over the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Chernobyl? | The Chernobyl Gallery What is Chernobyl? | The Chernobyl Gallery [PAR] Chernobyl in 2010 [PAR] What is the Chernobyl Disaster? [PAR] The Chernobyl nuclear disaster began early in the early hours of Saturday 26 April 1986 within the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive contamination into the atmosphere, which spread over much of Western USSR and Europe. It is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history and is one of only two classified as a level 7 event on the International Nuclear Event Scale (the other being the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011). [PAR] [PAR] Aerial view of Reactor Four [PAR] The disaster began during a systems test at reactor number four of the Chernobyl plant. There was a sudden surge of power output, and when an emergency shutdown was attempted a more extreme spike in power output occurred, which led a reactor vessel to rupture and a series of explosions. These events exposed the graphite moderator of the reactor to air, causing it to ignite. The resulting fire sent a plume of highly radioactive smoke into the atmosphere and over an extensive geographical area. The plume went on to drift over large parts of the western Soviet Union and Europe. According to official post-Soviet data about 60% of the radioactive fallout landed in Belarus. [PAR] [PAR] Increased radiation dose across Europe [PAR] The battle to contain the contamination and avert a greater catastrophe ultimately involved over 500,000 workers, known as liquidators , and cost an estimated 18 billion Rubles. [PAR] Only after the level of radiation set off alarms at the Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant in Sweden, over one thousand kilometers from the Chernobyl Plant, did the Soviet Union publicly admit that an accident had occurred. The true scale of the disaster was concealed. After evacuating the nearby city of Pripyat, the following warning message was read on state TV: [PAR] [PAR] \u201cThere has been an accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. One of the nuclear reactors was damaged. The effects of the accident are being remedied. Assistance has been provided to any affected people. An investigative commission has been set up.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 28 April 1986, 21:00 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] From 1986 to 2000, over 350,000 people were evacuated and resettled from the most severely contaminated areas of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. [PAR] Thirty one deaths are directly attributed to the accident, all among the reactor staff and emergency workers. [PAR] Estimates of the number of deaths potentially resulting from the accident vary enormously. A UNSCEAR report places the total confirmed deaths from radiation at 64 as of 2008. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests it could reach 4,000 civilian deaths, a figure which does not include military clean-up worker casualties. A 2006 report predicted 30,000 to 60,000 cancer deaths as a result of Chernobyl fallout. A Greenpeace report puts this figure at 200,000 or more. The Russian publication, Chernobyl, concludes that 985,000 premature cancer deaths occurred worldwide between 1986 and 2004 as a result of radioactive contamination from Chernobyl. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cNearly 400 million people resided in territories that were contaminated with radioactivity at a level higher than 4 kBq/m2 (0.11 Ci/km2) from April to July 1986. Nearly 5 million people (including, more than 1 million children) still live with dangerous levels of radioactive contamination in Belarus, Ukraine, and European Russia.\u201d [PAR] Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment (PDF; 4,3 MB) 2009 [PAR] [PAR] A massive concrete and metal structure, a sarcophagus , was hastily constructed to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Granite - Igneous Rock Types - Geology on About.com Granite - Igneous Rock Types [PAR] Igneous Rock Types [PAR] Pictures of Igneous Rock Types [PAR] Use [PAR] Deep Earth and Other Planets [PAR] Granite consists of quartz (gray), plagioclase feldspar (white) and alkali feldspar (beige) plus dark minerals, in this case biotite and hornblende . (more below) [PAR] \"Granite\" is used by the public as a catch-all name for any light-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock. The geologist examines these in the field and calls them granitoids pending laboratory tests. The key to true granite is that it contains sizable amounts of quartz and both kinds of feldspar. This article goes much deeper into granite . [PAR] This granite specimen comes from the Salinian block of central California, a chunk of ancient crust carried up from southern California along the San Andreas fault. [PAR] Pictures of other granite specimens appear in the granite picture gallery . Also see the granite landforms of Joshua Tree National Park . And big closeup pictures of granite are available in the closeup rock wallpaper photos . [PAR] Photo Credit: Photo (c) 2004 Andrew Alden, licensed to About.com ( fair use policy )[DOC] [TLE] Granite: Igneous Rock - Pictures, Definition & More Granite: Igneous Rock - Pictures, Definition & More [PAR] Granite [PAR] What is Granite? What is Granite Used For? [PAR] Granite: The specimen above is a typical granite. It is about two inches across. The grain size is coarse enough to allow recognition of the major minerals. The pink grains are orthoclase feldspar, and the clear to smoky grains are quartz or muscovite. The black grains can be biotite or hornblende. Numerous other minerals can be present in granite. [PAR] What is Granite? [PAR] Granite is a light-colored igneous rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided eye. It forms from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Granite is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica, amphiboles, and other minerals. This mineral composition usually gives granite a red, pink, gray, or white color with dark mineral grains visible throughout the rock. [PAR] Granite in Yosemite Valley: Photograph of Yosemite Valley, California, showing the steep granite cliffs that form the walls of the valley. \u00a9 iStockphoto / photo75. [PAR] The Best-Known Igneous Rock [PAR] Granite is the best-known igneous rock. Many people recognize granite because it is the most common igneous rock found at Earth's surface and because granite is used to make many objects that we encounter in daily life. These include counter tops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, stair treads, building veneer, and cemetery monuments. Granite is used all around us - especially if you live in a city. [PAR] Related: Explore the many uses of granite! [PAR] Granite is also well-known from its many world-famous natural exposures. These include: Stone Mountain, Georgia; Yosemite Valley , California; Mount Rushmore, South Dakota; Pike's Peak, Colorado; and White Mountains, New Hampshire. [PAR] Rock & Mineral Kits: Get a rock, mineral, or fossil kit to learn more about Earth materials. The best way to learn about rocks is to have specimens available for testing and examination. [PAR] Yosemite Nature Notes - Granite: This video examines some of the granites that create the scenery and climbing pleasures of Yosemite National Park. [PAR] Yosemite Nature Notes - Granite: This video examines some of the granites that create the scenery and climbing pleasures of Yosemite National Park. [PAR] Granite: Photograph of a white, fine-grained granite. This specimen is about two inches across. [PAR] Multiple Definitions of Granite [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basalt: Igneous Rock - Pictures, Definition, Uses & More Basalt: Igneous Rock - Pictures, Definition, Uses & More [PAR] Basalt [PAR] What Is Basalt, How Does It Form, and How Is It Used? [PAR] Basalt: A fine-grained igneous rock that is usually black in color. The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across. [PAR] What is Basalt? [PAR] Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. It most commonly forms as an extrusive rock, such as a lava flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies, such as an igneous dike or a thin sill. It has a composition similar to gabbro . The difference between basalt and gabbro is that basalt is a fine-grained rock while gabbro is a coarse-grained rock. [PAR] Olympus Mons Volcano: This shield volcano is composed of basalt and has enormous calderas at the summit. Olympus Mons is the highest topographic feature on Mars and is the largest known volcano in our solar system. It is about 375 miles (600 kilometers) in diameter and 15 miles (25 kilometers) high. NASA Mars Orbiter Camera image. [PAR] Earth's Most Abundant Bedrock [PAR] Basalt underlies more of Earth's surface than any other rock type. Most areas within Earth's ocean basins are underlain by basalt. Although basalt is much less common on continents, lava flows and flood basalts underlie several percent of Earth's land surface. Basalt is a very important rock. [PAR] Basalt on Moon and Mars [PAR] Basalt is also an abundant rock on the Moon. Much of the Moon's surface is underlain by basaltic lava flows and flood basalts. These areas of the Moon are known as \"lunar maria.\" Large areas of the Moon have been resurfaced by extensive basalt flows which may have been triggered by major impact events. The ages of lunar maria can be estimated by observing the density of impact craters on their surface. Younger basalt flows will have fewer craters. [PAR] Olympus Mons is a shield volcano on Mars. It, like most other volcanic features on Mars, was formed from basaltic lava flows. It is the highest mountain on Mars and is the largest known volcano in our solar system. [PAR] Basalt-Forming Environments: This map shows the location of oceanic divergent boundaries and hotspots. These are locations where large volumes of basalt have been formed. Map copyright by Geology.com and MapResources. Locations generalized after United States Geological Survey, Geologic Investigations Map I-2800: This Dynamic Planet. [PAR] Igneous rock composition chart: This chart shows that basalt is typically composed of pyroxenes, plagioclase, micas, and amphiboles. [PAR] Basalt-Forming Environments [PAR] Most of the basalt found on Earth was produced in just three rock-forming environments: 1) oceanic divergent boundaries , 2) oceanic hotspots , and 3) mantle plumes and hotspots beneath continents . The images on this page feature some of these basalt-forming environments. [PAR] Sea floor pillow basalts on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, a divergent plate boundary located about 150 miles (240 kilometers) west of the Washington-Oregon coast. This lava flow, produced by a fissure eruption, was about five years old when the photograph was taken. NOAA Ocean Explorer image. [PAR] Hawaii Basalt Flows: Lava flows dump into the Pacific Ocean on the coast of Hawaii. Multiple locations where hot lava streams into the ocean can be seen in this image along with a red-hot lava flow traversing the lava field. This photo shows the enormous extent of the flows. They extend from the shoreline up to the horizon. A volcanic plume from the Pu`u `O`o vent can be seen over the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Components of Natural Gas - Enbridge Gas Distribution Components of Natural Gas - Enbridge Gas Distribution [PAR] Components of Natural Gas [PAR] Components of Natural Gas [PAR] Properties of Natural Gas [PAR] Natural gas is a colourless, tasteless, odourless, and non-toxic gas. Because it is odourless, mercaptan is added to the natural gas, in very small amounts to give the gas a distinctive smell of rotten eggs. This strong smell can alert you of a potential gas leak . [PAR] Natural gas is about 40 per cent lighter than air, it has a high ignition temperature and a narrow flammability range, meaning natural gas will ignite at temperatures above 1,000 degrees and burn at a mix of approximately 4-15 per cent volume in air. [PAR] For more information on natural gas, visit the Canadian Gas Association . [PAR] To learn more about the physical properties of natural gas, download our Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): [PAR] Fiche technique pour le gaz naturel [PAR] Chemical Composition of Natural Gas [PAR] Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, but also contains ethane, propane and heavier hydrocarbons. It also contains small amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and trace amounts of water. [PAR] The monthly average chemical compositions of natural gas for Victoria Square, which supplies the Greater Toronto Area, are provided below:[DOC] [TLE] Methane | Define Methane at Dictionary.com Methane | Define Methane at Dictionary.com [PAR] methane [PAR] [meth-eyn; British mee-theyn] /\u02c8m\u025b\u03b8 e\u026an; British \u02c8mi \u03b8e\u026an/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun, Chemistry. [PAR] 1. [PAR] a colorless, odorless, flammable gas, CH 4 , the main constituent of marsh gas and the firedamp of coal mines, obtained commercially from natural gas: the first member of the methane, or alkane, series of hydrocarbons. [PAR] Origin of methane [PAR] Examples from the Web for methane [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] On the other hand, leaks of methane from natural gas wells could be pushing the U.S. over the Kyoto target for that gas. [PAR] Methane on Mars: Life or Just Gas? Matthew R. Francis December 16, 2014 [PAR] Between agriculture, landfills, and energy excavation, we now emit hundreds of millions more tons of methane into the atmosphere. [PAR] Dinosaurs Had a Lot of Flatulence, But Did Not Gas Themselves to Extinction Daniel Stone May 8, 2012 [PAR] Soot, methane, ozone, and HFCs are a lot less sexy than flying to Rio and making bold promises."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Atmosphere and Radio Waves - scribd.com The Atmosphere and Radio Waves | Ionosphere [PAR] The Atmosphere and Radio Waves [PAR] View More [PAR] The atmosphere plays a vital role in the way in which radio waves travel around the earth. Without its action it would not be possible for signals to travel around the globe on the short wave bands, or travel greater than only the line of sight distance at higher frequencies. with an interest in the topic. [PAR] Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) [PAR] [PAR] THE ATMOSPHERE AND RADIO WAVES [PAR] The atmosphere plays a vital role in the way in which radio waves travel around the earth.Without its action it would not be possible for signals to travel around the globe on the shortwave bands, or travel greater than only the line of sight distance at higher frequencies. Infact the way in which the atmosphere affects radio is of tremendous importance for anyonewith an interest in the topic.In view of the importance of the atmosphere an overview of its make-up is given here. [PAR] Layers of the Atmosphere [PAR] The atmosphere can be split up into a variety of different layers according to their properties. As different aspects of science look at different properties there is no singlenomenclature for the layers. The system that is most widely used is that associated with.Lowest is the troposphere that extends to a height of 10 km. Above this at altitudesbetween 10 and 50 km is found the stratosphere. This contains the ozone layer at a heightof around 20 km. Above the stratosphere, there is the mesosphere extending from analtitude of 50 km to 80 km, and above this is the thermosphere whereThere are two main layers that are of interest from a radio viewpoint. The first is thetroposphere that tends to affect frequencies above 30 MHz. The second is the ionosphere.This a region which crosses over the boundaries of the meteorological layers and extendsfrom around 60 km up to 700 km. Here the air becomes ionised, producing ions and freeelectrons. The free electrons affect radio waves at certain frequencies, often bending themback to earth so that they can be heard over vast distances around the world. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Troposphere [PAR] The lowest of the layers of the atmosphere is the troposphere. This extends from groundlevel to an altitude of 10 km. It is within this region that the effects that govern our weather occur. To give an idea of the altitudes involved it is found that low clouds occur at altitudesof up to 2 km whereas medium level clouds extend to about 4 km. The highest clouds arefound at altitudes up to 10 km whereas modern jet airliners fly above this at altitudes of upto 15 km.Within the troposphere there is generally a steady fall in temperature with height and thishas a distinct bearing on some propagation modes which occur in this region. The fall intemperature continues in the troposphere until the tropopause is reached. This is the areawhere the temperature gradient levels out and then the temperature starts to rise. At thispoint the temperature is around -50 \u00baC.The refractive index of the air in the troposphere plays a dominant role in radio signalpropagation. This depends on the temperature, pressure and humidity. When radio signalsare affected this often occurs at altitudes up to 2 km. [PAR] The ionosphere [PAR] The ionosphere is an area where there is a very high level of free electrons and ions. It isfound that the free electrons affect radio waves. Although there are low levels of ions andelectrons at all altitudes, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Introduction to the Atmosphere: Background Material Introduction to the Atmosphere: Background Material [PAR] Introduction to the Atmosphere [PAR] This section provides a brief overview of the properties associated with the atmosphere. The general concepts found in this section are: [PAR] The earth's atmosphere is a very thin layer wrapped around a very large planet. [PAR] Two gases make up the bulk of the earth's atmosphere: nitrogen ( [PAR] ), which comprises 78% of the atmosphere, and oxygen ( [PAR] ), which accounts for 21%. Various trace gases make up the remainder. [PAR] Based on temperature, the atmosphere is divided into four layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. [PAR] Energy is transferred between the earth's surface and the atmosphere via conduction, convection, and radiation. [PAR] Ocean currents play a significant role in transferring this heat poleward. Major currents, such as the northward flowing Gulf Stream, transport tremendous amounts of heat poleward and contribute to the development of many types of weather phenomena. [PAR] This section includes seven classroom activities. [PAR] Atmospheric Properties [PAR] The thin envelope of air that surrounds our planet is a mixture of gases, each with its own physical properties. The mixture is far from evenly divided. Two elements, nitrogen and oxygen, make up 99% of the volume of air. The other 1% is composed of \"trace\" gases, the most prevalent of which is the inert gaseous element argon. The rest of the trace gases, although present in only minute amounts, are very important to life on earth. Two in particular, carbon dioxide and ozone, can have a large impact on atmospheric processes. [PAR] Another gas, water vapor, also exists in small amounts. It varies in concentration from being almost non-existent over desert regions to about 4% over the oceans. Water vapor is important to weather production since it exists in gaseous, liquid, and solid phases and absorbs radiant energy from the earth. [PAR] Structure of the Atmosphere [PAR] The atmosphere is divided vertically into four layers based on temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Throughout the Cycles unit, we'll focus primarily on the layer in which we live - the troposphere. [PAR] Troposphere [PAR] The word troposphere comes from tropein, meaning to turn or change. All of the earth's weather occurs in the troposphere. [PAR] The troposphere has the following characteristics. [PAR] It extends from the earth's surface to an average of 12 km (7 miles). [PAR] The pressure ranges from 1000 to 200 millibars (29.92 in. to 5.92 in.). [PAR] The temperature generally decreases with increasing height up to the tropopause (top of the troposphere); this is near 200 millibars or 36,000 ft. [PAR] The temperature averages 15\u00b0C (59\u00b0F) near the surface and -57\u00b0C (-71\u00b0F) at the tropopause. [PAR] The layer ends at the point where temperature no longer varies with height. This area, known as the tropopause, marks the transition to the stratosphere. [PAR] Winds increase with height up to the jet stream. [PAR] The moisture concentration decreases with height up to the tropopause. [PAR] The air is much drier above the tropopause, in the stratosphere. [PAR] The sun's heat that warms the earth's surface is transported upwards largely by convection and is mixed by updrafts and downdrafts. [PAR] The troposphere is 70% [PAR] Atmospheric Processes [PAR] Interactions - Atmosphere and Ocean [PAR] In the Cycles overview, we learned that water is an essential part of the earth's system. The oceans cover nearly three-quarters of the earth's surface and play an important role in exchanging and transporting heat and moisture in the atmosphere. [PAR] Most of the water vapor in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mountains, Mountain Range ... - National Geographic Mountains, Mountain Range Information, Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic [PAR] Space [PAR] Photograph by George Mobley [PAR] Mountains are the wrinkles of age and pimples of youth on Earth's crusty outer skin. They rise up as the crust collides, cracks, crumbles, folds, and spews. By definition, they dominate their surroundings with towering height. [PAR] The mighty chunks rise all over the world, including the oceans. They usually have steep, sloping sides and sharp or rounded ridges. The highest point is called the peak or summit. Most geologists classify a mountain as a landform that rises at least 1,000 feet (300 meters) or more above its surrounding area. A mountain range is a series or chain of mountains that are close together. [PAR] The world's tallest mountain ranges form when pieces of Earth's crust\u2014called plates\u2014smash against each other, in a process called plate tectonics, and buckle up like the hood of a car in a head-on collision. The Himalaya in Asia formed from one such massive wreck that started about 55 million years ago. Thirty of the world\u2019s highest mountains are in the Himalaya. The summit of Mount Everest, at 29,035 feet (8,850 meters), is the highest point on Earth. [PAR] The tallest mountain measured from top to bottom is Mauna Kea, an inactive volcano on the island of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. Measured from the base, Mauna Kea stands 33,474 feet (10,203 meters) tall, though it only rises 13,796 feet (4,205 meters) above the sea. [PAR] Types of Mountains [PAR] Volcanic mountains form when molten rock from deep inside the Earth erupts through the crust and piles up on itself. The island chain of Hawaii is actually the tops of volcanoes. Well-known volcanoes on land include Mount St. Helens in Washington State and Mount Fuji in Japan. Sometimes volcanic eruptions break down mountains instead of building them up, like the 1980 eruption that blew the top off Mount St. Helens. [PAR] When magma pushes the crust up but hardens before erupting onto the surface, it forms so-called dome mountains. Wind and rain pummel the domes, sculpting peaks and valleys. Examples include the Black Hills of South Dakota and the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Plateau mountains are similar to dome mountains, but form as colliding tectonic plates push up the land without folding or faulting. They are then shaped by weathering and erosion. [PAR] Other types of mountains form when stresses within and between the tectonic plates lead to cracking and faulting of the Earth's surface, which forces blocks of rock up and down. Examples of fault-block mountains include the Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada, the Tetons in Wyoming, and the Harz Mountains in Germany. [PAR] Mountains often serve as geographic features that define natural borders of countries. Their height can influence weather patterns, stalling storms that roll off the oceans and squeezing water from the clouds. The other side is often much drier. The rugged landscapes even provide refuge\u2014and protection\u2014for fleeing and invading armies."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u00bb Natural Gas and the Environment NaturalGas.org \u00bb Natural Gas and the Environment NaturalGas.org [PAR] The Natural Gas Industry and the Environment [PAR] Emissions from the Combustion of Natural Gas [PAR] Natural gas is the cleanest of all the fossil fuels, as evidenced in the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s data comparisons in the chart below, which is still current as of 2010. Composed primarily of methane, the main products of the combustion of natural gas are carbon dioxide and water vapor, the same compounds we exhale when we breathe. Coal and oil are composed of much more complex molecules, with a higher carbon ratio and higher nitrogen and sulfur contents. This means that when combusted, coal and oil release higher levels of harmful emissions, including a higher ratio of carbon emissions, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Coal and fuel oil also release ash particles into the environment, substances that do not burn but instead are carried into the atmosphere and contribute to pollution. The combustion of natural gas, on the other hand, releases very small amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, virtually no ash or particulate matter, and lower levels of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and other reactive hydrocarbons. [PAR] Fossil Fuel Emission Levels [PAR] Source: EIA \u2013 Natural Gas Issues and Trends 1998 [PAR] [PAR] Natural gas, as the cleanest of the fossil fuels, can be used in many ways to help reduce the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Burning natural gas in the place of other fossil fuels emits fewer harmful pollutants, and an increased reliance on natural gas can potentially reduce the emission of many of these most harmful pollutants. [PAR] Pollutants emitted in the United States, particularly from the combustion of fossil fuels, have led to the development of many pressing environmental problems. Natural gas, emitting fewer harmful chemicals into the atmosphere than other fossil fuels, can help to mitigate some of these environmental issues. These issues include: [PAR] Greenhouse Gas Emissions [PAR] Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-2007 [PAR] Global warming, or the \u2018greenhouse effect\u2019 is an environmental issue that deals with the potential for global climate change due to increased levels of atmospheric \u2018greenhouse gases\u2019. There are certain gases in our atmosphere that serve to regulate the amount of heat that is kept close to the [PAR] earth\u2019s surface. Scientists theorize that an increase in these greenhouse gases will translate into increased temperatures around the globe, which would result in many disastrous environmental effects. In fact, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts in its \u2018Fourth Assessment Report\u2019 released in 2007 that during the 21st century, global average temperatures are expected to rise by between 2.0 and 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit. A Fifth Assessment Report is expected to be released by the IPCC between 2013 and 2015. [PAR] Power Plants Contribute to the [PAR] Emission of Greenhouse Gases [PAR] Source: API [PAR] The principle greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, and some engineered chemicals such as cholorofluorocarbons. While most of these gases occur in the atmosphere naturally, levels have been increasing due to the widespread burning of fossil fuels by growing human populations. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has become a primary focus of environmental programs in countries around the world. [PAR] One of the principle greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Although carbon dioxide does not trap heat as effectively as other greenhouse gases (making it a less potent greenhouse gas), the sheer volume of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is very high, particularly from the burning of fossil fuels. In fact, according"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet: Causes Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet: Causes [PAR] Vital Signs of the Planet [PAR] Questions (FAQ) [PAR] A blanket around the Earth [PAR] A layer of greenhouse gases \u2013 primarily water vapor, and including much smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide \u2013 acts as a thermal blanket for the Earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface to a life-supporting average of 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius). [PAR] Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of the \"greenhouse effect\" 1 \u2014 warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space. [PAR] Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. Long-lived gases that remain semi-permanently in the atmosphere and do not respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are described as \"forcing\" climate change. Gases, such as water vapor, which respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are seen as \"feedbacks.\" [PAR] Gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include: [PAR] Water vapor. The most abundant greenhouse gas, but importantly, it acts as a feedback to the climate. Water vapor increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms, but so does the possibility of clouds and precipitation, making these some of the most important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse effect. [PAR] Carbon dioxide (CO2). A minor but very important component of the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is released through natural processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and through human activities such as deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels. Humans have increased atmospheric CO2 concentration by more than a third since the Industrial Revolution began. This is the most important long-lived \"forcing\" of climate change. [PAR] Methane. A hydrocarbon gas produced both through natural sources and human activities, including the decomposition of wastes in landfills, agriculture, and especially rice cultivation, as well as ruminant digestion and manure management associated with domestic livestock. On a molecule-for-molecule basis, methane is a far more active greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less abundant in the atmosphere. [PAR] Nitrous oxide. A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil cultivation practices, especially the use of commercial and organic fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion, nitric acid production, and biomass burning. [PAR] Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Synthetic compounds entirely of industrial origin used in a number of applications, but now largely regulated in production and release to the atmosphere by international agreement for their ability to contribute to destruction of the ozone layer. They are also greenhouse gases. [PAR] Not enough greenhouse effect: The planet Mars has a very thin atmosphere, nearly all carbon dioxide. Because of the low atmospheric pressure, and with little to no methane or water vapor to reinforce the weak greenhouse effect, Mars has a largely frozen surface that shows no evidence of life. [PAR] Too much greenhouse effect: The atmosphere of Venus, like Mars, is nearly all carbon dioxide. But Venus has about 300 times as much carbon dioxide in its atmosphere as Earth and Mars do, producing a runaway greenhouse effect and a surface temperature hot enough to melt lead. [PAR] On Earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse. Over the last century the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities has increased concentrations of greenhouse gases."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. How soil is destroyed - Food and Agriculture Organization Ch02 [PAR] Some countries poison soils [PAR] Why should the leaders of countries today commit their governments and their people to the hard work and expense of a national programme of soil conservation? [PAR] The answer is that soil takes many years to create, but it can be destroyed in almost no time at all. With the loss of soil goes man's ability to grow food crops and graze animals, to produce fibre and forests. It is not enough to describe the soil as a country's greatest source of wealth; it is more than that; it is a country's life. And in one country after another today, the soil is washing or blowing away. [PAR] [PAR] Soil is a complex mixture [PAR] Soil covers most of the land surface of the earth in a thin layer, ranging from a few centimetres to several metres deep. It is composed of rock and mineral particles of many sizes mixed with water, air, and living things, both plant and animal, and their remains. [PAR] As man measures time, soil formation is extremely slow. Where the climate is moist and warm, it takes thousands of years to form just a few centimetres of soil. In cold or dry climates, it takes even longer, or soil may not form at all. While soil is technically a renewable resource, its slow rate of formation makes it practically irreplaceable. [PAR] Soil is a dynamic mixture, forever changing as water comes and goes and plants and animals live and die. Wind, water, ice, and gravity move soil particles about, sometimes slowly, sometimes rapidly. But even though a soil changes, the layers of soil stay much the same during one human lifetime unless they are moved or scraped, or ploughed by man. [PAR] [PAR] Soil teems with life [PAR] All soil is full of life, and good soils are teeming with it. Plants and animals help keep the soil fertile. Plant roots tunnel through the soil and break it up, and decaying plants form humus. Burrowing animals mix the soil; the excrete of animals contribute nutrients and improve soil structure. [PAR] Besides the soil's more obvious inhabitants, which include rodents, insects, mites, slugs and snails, spiders, and earthworms, there are countless microscopic residents, some helpful to man and his crops, some harmful. [PAR] Good soils seem to hold the greatest populations of bacteria. Almost without exception, bacteria are involved in basic enzyme transformations that make possible the growth of higher plants, including our food crops. From man's point of view, bacteria may well be the most valuable of the life forms in soil. [PAR] Chemical reactions occur in the soil as a result of exchange of positive ions, or cations. More exchanges take place in clay soils than in any other type. These chemical reactions are also essential to plant growth and development and are a good index of soil fertility. [PAR] [PAR] Only a fraction of land is arable [PAR] Man's chief interest in soil is for agriculture, but not all soils are suitable for farming. The total land area of the world exceeds 13 billion hectares, but less than half can be used for agriculture, including grazing. A much smaller fraction - about 1.4 billion hectares - is presently suitable for growing crops. The rest of the land is either too wet or too dry, too shallow or too rocky. Some is toxic or deficient in the nutrients that plants require and some is permanently frozen . [PAR] Europe, Central America, and North America have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our Board of Trustees | Forum for the Future Our Board of Trustees | Forum for the Future [PAR] Our Board of Trustees [PAR] Keith Clarke CBE, Chair [PAR] \u200b [PAR] Keith joined the board of Forum for the Future in 2011 and became chair in July 2012. He was formerly the chief executive of the global engineering and design consultancy, Atkins. [PAR] Keith is a chartered architect with more than 40 years\u2019 experience in construction and engineering. He is a non-executive director for Sirius Minerals plc, Chair of Future Cities Catapult and Tidal Lagoon Power plc, vice president of the Institute of Civil Engineers, patron of the Environmental Industries Commission at Oxford; and has Honorary Fellowships from the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Institution of Structural Engineers and Cardiff University. He is also Visiting Professor for Sustainable Design at Aston University. [PAR] Keith served as chairman of the UK Construction Industry Council (CIC) from 2008-10 after previously chairing its Health and Safety Committee. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Volker Beckers [PAR] Volker has built up more than 20 years\u2019 senior experience within the utility industry and has a comprehensive knowledge of European energy markets. He was Group CEO, RWE Npower plc until the end of 2012 and prior to this, its Group CFO from 2003 to 2009. He has worked in a variety of trade and industry bodies, including the CBI President\u2019s Committee, on the Board of the German-British Chamber of Industry & Commerce, and since 1999 as Deputy Chair of the Executive Commercial Management Committee at the German Association of Energy and Water Industries (BDEW) and was also member of the Executive Committee of UKBCSE (now Energy UK). Since 2009 he chairs the Business Energy Forum. [PAR] Among various other non-Executive Directorships, Volker is currently non-executive Director, HM Revenue & Customs and Chair of its Scrutiny Committee. He also sits on the Advisory Board of the EU Centre for Energy and Resource Security (EUCERS) at King\u2019s College and is Chair of the Advisory Board of Erasmus Centre for Future Energy Business at Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University. [PAR] [PAR] \u200bKelvyn Derrick OBE [PAR] [PAR] Kelvyn has international business experience extending more than 40 years. Until 2007 he was the Chief Executive of Hamworthy plc , leading its transformation into an innovative technology company with international scope, and floating the company in 2004. Prior to that he was a founding partner of a private equity firm. [PAR] In the past 15 years he has held many Non-Executive Director roles including Deputy Chair of the SW Regional Development Agency, Chair of the Society of Maritime Industries , Chair of Regen SW and a board member of the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra . More recent roles include providing strategic advice to an innovative energy from waste group and trustee of Dorset Wildlife Trust . Kelvyn was awarded the OBE for services to engineering and international trade in the 2009 New Year\u2019s Honours List. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \u200bKate Levick [PAR] Kate is head of government relations at the environmental charity CDP, leading work on regulatory engagement, public affairs and government fundraising in an international context. She previously worked at the UK Government Office of Climate Change helping to formulate domestic and international climate change policy, and at BP in a variety of commercial and environmental roles which included group environmental policy and strategy for low-carbon business in emerging markets. Kate has an MProf in Leadership for Sustainable Development from Forum for the Future. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Sara Parkin OBE [PAR] Along with Jonathon Porritt and Paul Ekins, Sara is a founder of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nuclear Decommissioning: Decommission nuclear facilities ... Nuclear Decommissioning: Decommission nuclear facilities - World Nuclear Association [PAR] Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities [PAR] (Updated November 2016) [PAR] To date, about 110 commercial power reactors, 46 experimental or prototype reactors, over 250 research reactors and a number of fuel cycle facilities have been retired from operation. Some of these have been fully dismantled. [PAR] Most parts of a nuclear power plant do not become radioactive, or are contaminated at only very low levels. Most of the metal can be recycled. [PAR] Proven techniques and equipment are available to dismantle nuclear facilities safely and these have now been well demonstrated in several parts of the world. [PAR] Decommissioning costs for nuclear power plants, including disposal of associated wastes, are reducing and contribute only a small fraction of the total cost of electricity generation. [PAR] All power plants, coal, gas and nuclear, have a finite life beyond which it is not economically feasible to operate them. Generally speaking, early nuclear plants were designed for a life of about 30 years, though with refurbishment, some have proved capable of continuing well beyond this. Newer plants are designed for a 40 to 60 year operating life. At the end of the life of any power plant, it needs to be decommissioned, cleaned up and demolished so that the site is made available for other uses. [PAR] For nuclear plants, the term decommissioning includes all clean-up of radioactivity and progressive dismantling of the plant. This may start with the owner's decision to write it off or declare that it is permanently removed from operation. For practical purposes it includes defueling and removal of coolant, though NRC at least defines it as strictly beginning only after fuel and coolant are removed. It concludes with licence termination after decontamination is verified and wastes removed. [PAR] A Table showing about 150 shutdown reactors is at the end of this paper. About 17 of these have had the full decommissioning process completed as of 2016. [PAR] Decommissioning Options [PAR] The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has defined three options for decommissioning, the definitions of which have been internationally adopted: [PAR] Immediate Dismantling (or Early Site Release/'Decon' in the US): This option allows for the facility to be removed from regulatory control relatively soon after shutdown or termination of regulated activities. Final dismantling or decontamination activities can begin within a few months or years, depending on the facility. Following removal from regulatory control, the site is then available for re-use. [PAR] Safe Enclosure ('Safstor') or deferred dismantling: This option postpones the final removal of controls for a longer period, usually in the order of 40 to 60 years. The facility is placed into a safe storage configuration until the eventual dismantling and decontamination activities occur after resudual radioactivity has decayed. There is a risk in this case of regulatory change which could increase costs unpredictably. [PAR] Entombment (or 'Entomb'): This option entails placing the facility into a condition that will allow the remaining on-site radioactive material to remain on-site without ever removing it totally. This option usually involves reducing the size of the area where the radioactive material is located and then encasing the facility in a long-lived structure such as concrete, that will last for a period of time to ensure the remaining radioactivity is no longer of concern. [PAR] Each approach has its benefits and disadvantages. National policy determines which approach or combination of approaches is adopted or allowed. In the case of immediate dismantling (or early site release), responsibility for completion of decommissioning is not transferred to future generations."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Effective Communication at Pepsi Co - Term Papers - Darwing Effective Communication at Pepsi Co - Term Paper [PAR] Effective Communication at Pepsi Co [PAR] Which Indian state is at the eastern end of the Himalayas? [PAR] A: Assam. [PAR] What is the name of the atmospheric gas which screens out the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation? [PAR] A: Ozone. [PAR] What is the world's deepest ocean? [PAR] A: Pacific. [PAR] Which is the largest animal ever to have inhabited the Earth? [PAR] A: Blue Whale. [PAR] What once covered 14% of the Earth's land area, but by 1991 over half had been destroyed? [PAR] A: Rainforest. [PAR] Which inland sea between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan is fast disappearing because the rivers that feed it have been diverted and dammed? [PAR] A: Aral Sea. [PAR] The damaged Chernobyl nuclear power station is situated in which country? [PAR] A: Ukraine. [PAR] What type of rock is granite? [PAR] A: Igneous. [PAR] What type of rock is basalt? [PAR] A: Igneous. [PAR] What is the main constituent of natural gas? [PAR] A: Methane. [PAR] What is the term for nutrient enrichment of lakes? [PAR] A: Eutrophication. [PAR] Which of the Earth's atmospheric layers reflects radio waves? [PAR] A: Ionosphere. [PAR] Which gas forms 80% of Earth's atmosphere? [PAR] A: Nitrogen. [PAR] In which mountain chain would you find Mount Everest? [PAR] A: Himalayas. [PAR] What is the collective term for substances such as coal, oil and natural gas, the burning of which produces carbon dioxide? [PAR] A: Fossil fuel. [PAR] What contributes to the greenhouse effect at lower atmospheric levels, but in the upper atmosphere protects life on Earth? [PAR] A: Ozone. [PAR] What is the name of the process by which substances are washed out of the soil? [PAR] A: Leaching. [PAR] Who was director of the environmental pressure group Friends of the Earth 1984 - 90? [PAR] A: Jonathon Porritt. [PAR] Which European country is committed to decommissioning all of its nuclear reactors? [PAR] A: Sweden. [PAR] Which Canadian city gave its name to the 1987world agreement on protection of the ozone layer? [PAR] A: Montreal. [PAR] Five-legged creatures have damaged which 1250 mile long wonder of the world? [PAR] A: Great Barrier Reef."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dodo Bird | History, Story and Resources for Dodobirds The Dodo Bird | History, Story and Resources for Dodobirds [PAR] The Story of the Dodo Bird [PAR] A Reference Site for The Dodo Bird and it's History [PAR] The Dodo bird or Raphus Cucullatus was a flightless bird native to the island of Mauritius, near the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The closest relatives to the dodo bird are pigeons and doves, even though dodo birds were much larger in size. On average, dodo birds stood 3 feet tall and weighted about 40 lb. Unfortunately, due to aggressive human population, dodo birds became extinct in late 17th century. [PAR] The Dodo Bird Location [PAR] Dodo Birds, while now extinct, were found only on the small island of Mauritius, some 500 miles east of Madagascar, and 1200 miles east of Africa. [PAR] The complete isolation of this island let the Dodo Birds grow and evolve without natural predators, unfortunately to a fault that led to their extinction."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] earthquakes - Earth science earthquakes [PAR] earthquakes [PAR] adapted to HTML from lecture notes of Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Tulane University [PAR] Earthquakes [PAR] Earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the Earth. Earthquakes can be generated by bomb blasts, volcanic eruptions , and sudden slippage along faults. Earthquakes are definitely a geologic hazard for those living in earthquake prone areas, but the seismic waves generated by earthquakes are invaluable for studying the interior of the Earth. [PAR] Origin of Earthquakes [PAR] Most natural earthquakes are caused by sudden slippage along a fault zone . The elastic rebound theory suggests that if slippage along a fault is hindered such that elastic strain energy builds up in the deforming rocks on either side of the fault, when the slippage does occur, the energy released causes an earthquake. This theory was discovered by making measurements at a number of points across a fault. Prior to an earthquake it was noted that the rocks adjacent to the fault were bending. These bends disappeared after an earthquake suggesting that the energy stored in bending the rocks was suddenly released during the earthquake. [PAR] Seismology, The Study of Earthquakes [PAR] When an earthquake occurs, the elastic energy is released and sends out vibrations that travel throughout the Earth. These vibrations are called seismic waves. The study of how seismic waves behave in the Earth is called seismology. [PAR] Seismographs - Seismic waves travel through the Earth as vibrations. A seismometer is an instrument used to record these vibrations and the resulting graph that shows the vibrations is called a seismograph. The seismometer must be able to move with the vibrations, yet part of it must remain nearly stationary. [PAR] This is accomplished by isolating the recording device (like a pen) from the rest of the Earth using the principal of inertia. For example, if the pen is attached to a large mass suspended by a spring, the spring and the large mass move less than the paper which is attached to the Earth, and on which the record of the vibrations is made. [PAR] Seismic Waves (freeware simulation 3.39Megs) . The source of an earthquake is called the focus, which is an exact location within the Earth were seismic waves are generated by sudden release of stored elastic energy. The epicenter is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus. Sometimes the media get these two terms confused. Seismic waves emanating from the focus can travel in several ways, and thus there are several different kinds of seismic waves. [PAR] Types of Seismic Waves [PAR] Body Waves - emanate from the focus and travel in all directions through the body of the Earth. [PAR] There are two types of body waves: [PAR] P - waves - are Primary waves . They travel with a velocity that depends on the elastic properties of the rock through which they travel. [PAR] Vp = \u00d6 [(K + 4/3m )/r ] [PAR] Where, Vp is the velocity of the P-wave, K is the incompressibility of the material, m is the rigidity of the material, and r is the density of the material. [PAR] S-Waves - Secondary waves , also called shear waves. They travel with a velocity that depends only on the rigidity and density of the material through which they travel: [PAR] Vs = \u00d6 [( m )/r ] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marble: Metamorphic Rock: Pictures, Definition, Properties Marble: Metamorphic Rock: Pictures, Definition, Properties [PAR] Marble [PAR] A non-foliated metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure. [PAR] Pink Marble: A piece of pink marble about four inches (ten centimeters) across. The pink color is most likely derived from iron. Image by NASA. [PAR] What is Marble? [PAR] Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. It is composed primarily of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and usually contains other minerals, such as clay minerals, micas, quartz , pyrite , iron oxides, and graphite . Under the conditions of metamorphism, the calcite in the limestone recrystallizes to form a rock that is a mass of interlocking calcite crystals. A related rock, dolomitic marble, is produced when dolostone is subjected to heat and pressure. [PAR] Photo Gallery: The Many Uses of Marble [PAR] Ruby in Marble: Marble is often the host rock for corundum, spinel, and other gem minerals. This specimen is a piece of white marble with a large red ruby crystal from Afghanistan. Specimen is about 1 1/4 inches across (about 3 centimeters). Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com . [PAR] How Does Marble Form? [PAR] Most marble forms at convergent plate boundaries where large areas of Earth's crust are exposed to regional metamorphism. Some marble also forms by contact metamorphism when a hot magma body heats adjacent limestone or dolostone. [PAR] Before metamorphism, the calcite in the limestone is often in the form of lithified fossil material and biological debris. During metamorphism, this calcite recrystallizes and the texture of the rock changes. In the early stages of the limestone-to-marble transformation, the calcite crystals in the rock are very small. In a freshly-broken hand specimen, they might only be recognized as a sugary sparkle of light reflecting from their tiny cleavage faces when the rock is played in the light. [PAR] As metamorphism progresses, the crystals grow larger and become easily recognizable as interlocking crystals of calcite. Recrystallization obscures the original fossils and sedimentary structures of the limestone. It also occurs without forming foliation, which normally is found in rocks that are altered by the directed pressure of a convergent plate boundary. [PAR] Recrystallization is what marks the separation between limestone and marble. Marble that has been exposed to low levels of metamorphism will have very small calcite crystals. The crystals become larger as the level of metamorphism progresses. Clay minerals within the marble will alter to micas and more complex silicate structures as the level of metamorphism increases. [PAR] Marble Dimension Stone: Marble cut into blocks and slabs of specific size is known as \"dimension stone.\" Photo \u00a9 iStockphoto / Thomas Lehmann. [PAR] Physical Properties and Uses of Marble [PAR] Marble occurs in large deposits that can be hundreds of feet thick and geographically extensive. This allows it to be economically mined on a large scale, with some mines and quarries producing millions of tons per year. [PAR] Most marble is made into either crushed stone or dimension stone. Crushed stone is used as an aggregate in highways, railroad beds, building foundations, and other types of construction. Dimension stone is produced by sawing marble into pieces of specific dimensions. These are used in monuments, buildings, sculptures, paving and other projects. We have an article about \" the uses of marble \" that includes photos and descriptions of marble in many types of uses. [PAR] Gray Marble: This specimen has calcite cleavage faces up to several millimeters in size that are reflecting light. The specimen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Common Newborn Ailments - Parents.com Common Newborn Ailments [PAR] Common Newborn Ailments [PAR] Comments [PAR] Alexandra Grablewski [PAR] Bringing a new baby home from the hospital is a very exciting time. It can also be pretty nerve-racking, especially for first-time moms. Rest assured that your baby is probably perfectly healthy. But keep in mind that there are some common conditions that your baby may experience. Most are nothing to worry too much about, but knowing what to expect can help you determine whether your baby might need medical attention. Read on for eight common conditions to find out what causes them, what to look for, and what treatment might be required. Then relax and enjoy your little one! [PAR] Jaundice [PAR] \"Physiologic jaundice\" is an indicator that a baby's blood contains an excess amount of bilirubin, a chemical formed during the normal breakdown of old red blood cells. We all have some bilirubin in our blood, but newborns usually have higher levels because their young immune system takes longer to process the extra red blood cells present at birth. [PAR] Signs: A yellowish tint to the skin that usually appears first on the face and then on the chest, abdomen, and legs. To test, gently press on your baby's nose, forehead, or thigh to see if the skin beneath your finger appears yellow. [PAR] Treatment: Jaundice usually corrects itself within a few days (though it may worsen before it gets better). If it doesn't, you child's pediatrician may do a blood test to determine the bilirubin level. If the level is extremely high and goes untreated, there is a chance that damage to the nervous system can occur. Your doctor may recommend phototherapy -- a treatment in which your baby is placed under special fluorescent-type lights for a day or two. [PAR] Thrush [PAR] Thrush is a common yeast infection. [PAR] Signs: White patches in the mouth [PAR] Treatment: Your pediatrician will most likely prescribe an oral antifungal medication. [PAR] Heart Murmur [PAR] A heart murmur is a noise heard between the beats of the heart. By listening to the heartbeat, doctors can usually classify the murmur by location and timing. Heart murmurs are extremely common, and almost always turn out to be harmless. [PAR] Signs: A doctor will detect the heart murmur while listening to a baby's heart. [PAR] Treatment: Normal or \"innocent\" heart murmurs usually don't require any treatment. If your child's pediatrician is concerned, though, he may refer you to a pediatric cardiologist for special tests. [PAR] Cradle Cap [PAR] Redness, greasy scales, and heavy flaking on the scalp are signs of cradle cap -- a condition caused by the buildup of oil and the shedding of skin cells. It looks unattractive, but isn't harmful to your baby. [PAR] Signs: Scaly patches of skin cells and/or redness appear on the scalp. [PAR] Treatment: You can treat cradle cap yourself by washing your baby's head with a mild baby shampoo more frequently than normal. Soft brushing can also help remove the scales. If this doesn't work, consult your pediatrician. She may prescribe a stronger shampoo or an ointment. [PAR] Baby Acne [PAR] Baby acne or pimples that break out on the face, typically during the fourth or fifth week of life, are harmless. Doctors believe the acne is caused by pregnancy hormones stimulating the oil glands in the skin. [PAR] Signs: Baby acne looks similar to adult acne. [PAR] Treatment: Gently wash your baby's face with mild baby soap once a day. Avoid laundering the crib sheets in harsh detergents. [PAR] Umbilical Granuloma [PAR] The stump"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS Community and Ecosystem Dynamics [PAR] COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS [PAR] Definitions | Back to Top [PAR] A community is the set of all populations that inhabit a certain area. Communities can have different sizes and boundaries. These are often identified with some difficulty. [PAR] An ecosystem is a higher level of organization the community plus its physical environment. Ecosystems include both the biological and physical components affecting the community/ecosystem. We can study ecosystems from a structural view of population distribution or from a functional view of energy flow and other processes. [PAR] Community Structure | Back to Top [PAR] Ecologists find that within a community many populations are not randomly distributed. This recognition that there was a pattern and process of spatial distribution of species was a major accomplishment of ecology. Two of the most important patterns are open community structure and the relative rarity of species within a community. [PAR] Do species within a community have similar geographic range and density peaks? If they do, the community is said to be a closed community , a discrete unit with sharp boundaries known as ecotones . An open community, however, has its populations without ecotones and distributed more or less randomly. [PAR] In a forest, where we find an open community structure, there is a gradient of soil moisture. Plants have different tolerances to this gradient and occur at different places along the continuum. Where the physical environment has abrupt transitions, we find sharp boundaries developing between populations. For example, an ecotone develops at a beach separating water and land. [PAR] Open structure provides some protection for the community. Lacking boundaries, it is harder for a community to be destroyed in an all or nothing fashion. Species can come and go within communities over time, yet the community as a whole persists. In general, communities are less fragile and more flexible than some earlier concepts would suggest. [PAR] Most species in a community are far less abundant than the dominant species that provide a community its name: for example oak-hickory, pine, etc. Populations of just a few species are dominant within a community, no matter what community we examine. Resource partitioning is thought to be the main cause for this distribution. [PAR] Classification of Communities | Back to Top [PAR] There are two basic categories of communities: terrestrial (land) and aquatic (water). These two basic types of community contain eight smaller units known as biomes . A biome is a large-scale category containing many communities of a similar nature, whose distribution is largely controlled by climate [PAR] Terrestrial Biomes: tundra, grassland, desert, taiga, temperate forest, tropical forest. Terrestrial biome distribution is shown in Figure 1. [PAR] Aquatic Biomes: marine, freshwater. [PAR] Figure 1. Major terrestrial biomes. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. [PAR] Terrestrial Biomes [PAR] Tundra and Desert [PAR] The tundra and desert biomes occupy the most extreme environments, with little or no moisture and extremes of temperature acting as harsh selective agents on organisms that occupy these areas. These two biomes have the fewest numbers of species due to the stringent environmental conditions. In other words, not everyone can live there due to the specialized adaptations required by the environment. [PAR] Tropical Rain Forests [PAR] Tropical rain forests occur in regions near the equator. The climate is always warm (between 20\u00b0 and 25\u00b0 C) with plenty of rainfall (at least 190 cm/year). The rain forest is probably the richest biome, both"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trivia Questions for Environmental Science class. - ppt ... Trivia Questions for Environmental Science class. - ppt download [PAR] Presentation is loading. Please wait. [PAR] Trivia Questions for Environmental Science class. [PAR] Published by Alexandrina Nicholson Modified about 1 year ago [PAR] Embed [PAR] Presentation on theme: \"Trivia Questions for Environmental Science class.\"\u2014 Presentation transcript: [PAR] 1 Trivia Questions for Environmental Science class [PAR] 2 What is the name of the atmospheric gas which screens out the sun\u2019s harmful UV radiation? a.Oxygen b.Ozone c.Carbon d.Carbon dioxide [PAR] 3 What is the world\u2019s deepest ocean? a.Pacific b.Atlantic c.Indian d.Arctic [PAR] 4 Which is the largest animal ever to have inhabited the Earth? a.Blue whale b.Elephant c.Dinosaur d.Giraffe [PAR] 5 In the United States, how many animals were on the threatened or endangered list as of 2009? a.200 b.750 c.1,200 d.900 [PAR] 6 What percentage of the world\u2019s water is drinkable? a.20% b.60% c.1% d.100% [PAR] 7 There is a specific name for rain, which contains chemicals that are harmful to the environment. What is this type of rain called? a.Acid pollution b.Acid rain c.Chemical rain d.Precipitation [PAR] 8 If an item can decompose naturally, it is said to be this. a.Organic b.Biodegradable c.Renewable d.Environmentally friendly [PAR] 9 Currently, the United States as a nation uses the most energy per annum. Which country comes in second? a.China b.Great Britain c.Japan d.Germany [PAR] 10 The amount of energy that is saved for every 1,000 pounds of aluminum cans recycled is equivalent to how many gallons of gasoline? a.500 gallons b.1,250 gallons c.250 gallons d.100 gallons [PAR] 11 Which of the following gases contribute to the effects of global warming? a.Methane b.Carbon dioxide c.Nitrous oxide d.All of these [PAR] 12 DDT was once a common insecticide. However, it has been determined that it is incredibly harmful to the plant. Exactly, what does DDT affect? a.Water and air b.Soil and air c.Water and soil d.Air and crops [PAR] 13 Soil erosion can have devastating effects on the planet. Erosion can be reversed by doing what? a.Re-forestation b.Increasing the number of animals in the region c.Re-introducing certain animal species d.Fertilizing soil [PAR] 14 Littering and garbage removal is a major environmental concern. Which country was the first to implement a garbage removal system? a.United States b.Great Britain c.Germany d.Japan [PAR] 15 In Canada, where temperatures are often cold, the average person does what with their car to five to ten minutes every day? a.Washes it b.Drives it c.Idles it d.Parks it [PAR] 16 Fresh water is essential to life on the planet. Which country hosts the largest amount of fresh water? a.Russia b.Canada c.Brazil d.Kenya [PAR] 17 What kind of animal is essential to more than 100,000 different species of plants? a.Spiders b.Birds c.Bees d.Frogs [PAR] 18 Air pollution is on a rise. Scientists are able to monitor this increase using which kind of plant? a.Lichen b.Mushrooms c.Giant red woods d.Palm trees [PAR] 19 What once covered 14% of the Earth\u2019s land area, but by 1991 over half had been destroyed? a.Rainforest b.Oceans c.Mountains d.Sand [PAR] 20 The damaged Chernobyl nuclear power station is situated in which country? a.Russia b.Ukraine c.Belarus d.Slovakia [PAR] 21 What is the term for nutrient enrichment for lakes? a.Eutrophication b.Carrying capacity c.Nutrient deprivation d.Nitrification [PAR] 22 What is the collective term for substances such as coal, oil and natural gas, the burning that produces carbon dioxide? a.Renewable resources b.Natural resources c.Fossil fuels d.Energy [PAR] 23 Which gas forms 80% of Earths\u2019 atmosphere? a.Oxygen b.Carbon c.Nitrogen d.Carbon dioxide [PAR] 24 What name is given to the huge growths of algae"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Agent Orange - Vietnam War - HISTORY.com Agent Orange - Vietnam War - HISTORY.com [PAR] Agent Orange [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Agent Orange was a powerful mixture of chemical defoliants used by U.S. military forces during the Vietnam War to eliminate forest cover for North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops, as well as crops that might be used to feed them. The U.S. program of defoliation, codenamed Operation Ranch Hand, sprayed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over 4.5 million acres of land in Vietnam from 1961 to 1972. Agent Orange, which contained the chemical dioxin, was the most commonly used of the herbicide mixtures, and the most effective. It was later revealed to cause serious health issues\u2013including tumors, birth defects, rashes, psychological symptoms and cancer\u2013among returning U.S. servicemen and their families as well as among the Vietnamese population. [PAR] Google [PAR] Operation Ranch Hand and Agent Orange [PAR] From 1961 to 1972, the U.S. military conducted a large-scale defoliation program aimed at destroying the forest and jungle cover used by enemy North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops fighting against U.S. and South Vietnamese forces in the Vietnam War . U.S. aircraft were deployed to spray powerful mixtures of herbicides around roads, rivers, canals and military bases, as well as on crops that might be used to supply enemy troops. During this process, crops and water sources used by the non-combatant peasant population of South Vietnam could also be hit. In all, Operation Ranch Hand deployed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over 4.5 million acres of land. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The controversy over Agent Orange and its effects has persisted for more than four decades. As late as June 2011, debate continued over whether so-called \"Blue Water Navy\" veterans (those who served aboard deep-sea vessels during the Vietnam War) should receive the same Agent Orange-related benefits as other veterans who served on the ground or on inland waterways. [PAR] The most commonly used, and most effective, mixture of herbicides used was Agent Orange, named for the orange stripe painted on the 55-gallon drums in which the mixture was stored. It was one of several \u201cRainbow Herbicides\u201d used, along with Agents White, Purple, Pink, Green and Blue. U.S. planes sprayed some 11 million to 13 million gallons of Agent Orange in Vietnam between January 1965 and April 1970. According to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Agent Orange contained \u201cminute traces\u201d of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), more commonly known as dioxin. Through studies done on laboratory animals, dioxin has been shown to be highly toxic even in minute doses; human exposure to the chemical could be associated with serious health issues such as muscular dysfunction, inflammation, birth defects, nervous system disorders and even the development of various cancers. [PAR] Agent Orange: Veteran Health Issues and Legal Battle [PAR] Questions regarding Agent Orange arose in the United States after an increasing number of returning Vietnam veterans and their families began to report a range of afflictions, including rashes and other skin irritations, miscarriages, psychological symptoms, Type-2 diabetes, birth defects in children and cancers such as Hodgkin\u2019s disease, prostate cancer and leukemia. [PAR] In 1979, a class action lawsuit was filed on behalf of 2.4 million veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange during their service in Vietnam. Five years later, in an out-of-court-settlement, seven large chemical companies that manufactured the herbicide agreed to pay $180 million in compensation to the veterans or their next of kin. Various challenges to the settlement followed, including lawsuits filed by some 300 veterans, before the U.S. Supreme Court"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Verification of International Environmental Agreements - J ... Verification of International Environmental Agreements - J.H. Ausubel and D.G. Victor [PAR] Verification of International Environmental Agreements [PAR] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139 [PAR] KEY WORDS: monitoring, compliance, regime [PAR] Abbreviations used: BWU, blue whale unit; CEMS, continuous emissions monitoring systems; CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons; CFE, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe; CITES, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species; CTB, comprehensive test ban; EC, European Community; ECE, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; EEZ, Exclusive Economic Zone; EMEP, Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe; GAO, General Accounting Office (U.S. Congress); IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency; ICES, International Council for the, Exploration of the Seas; IMCO, Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO after 1981); IMO, International Maritime Organization (IMCO before 1981); INF, Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty; IOS, International Observer System; IUCN, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (recently renamed to World Conservation Union); IWC, International Whaling Commission; LRTAP, Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; LTB (T), Limited Test Ban (Treaty); MARPOL, Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships; MSY, maximum sustainable yield; NAAQS, National Ambient Air Quality Standards (U.S.); NGOs, nongovernmental organizations; NEAFC, Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission; NPT, Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty; NTM, national technical means; OECD, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.); OSL, on-site inspection; OSIA, On-site Inspection Agency (U.S.); SALT, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks; TAC, total allowable catch; UNEP, United Nations Environment Programme. [PAR] INTRODUCTION [PAR] Problems and opportunities frequently cross national borders. Informal and formal international arrangements-loosely termed \"regimes,\" defined here as systems of rule or government that have widespread influence--are for the collective management of such transboundary issues. Regimes are pervasive; their number and extent have grown markedly in the 20th century, especially since the Second World War. [PAR] Students of the international system study the conditions under which regimes are formed and the factors that contribute to their success. These include distribution of power among states, the nature of the issue, its linkages to other issues, the roles and functions of international organizations, the processes of bargaining and rule-maldng, and the influence of domestic politics (1-3). Scholars also theorize how regimes are maintained and changed (4-6). [PAR] In the past two decades students of international cooperation have increasingly applied their tools to issues of the environment and natural resources (7-9). A few studies have critically assessed international cooperation for transboundary environmental protection and drawn tentative conclusions on factors that lead to effective international regimes (8, 10-12). Studies of local management of common natural resources also yield relevant lessons for international environmental cooperation (13). [PAR] For several reasons, assessing the effectiveness of international environmental agreements requires study of how compliance is verified. International agreements that are verifiable are more likely to succeed in both negotiation and implementation. The process of verification builds confidence in existing formal and informal agreements, thus improving the prospects for future cooperation and compliance. Verification activities produce information that can provide the technical basis for future agreements and shared understanding. Such information also can provide the basis for sanctions, which depend upon timely, legitimate, and accurate information. Information from verification activities helps to assess how effectively a regime has met its goals and whether changes in the regime are needed to improve effectiveness. By increasing transparency--the extent to which behavior and violations are visible to others--verification ran help build norms that influence behavior and contribute to regime effectiveness. [PAR] These propositions have been examined extensively for arms control (e.g. Refs. 14-16), but less for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SciJinks: Why Does the Atmosphere Not Drift Off Into Space? NOAA/NASA SciJinks :: Why does the atmosphere not drift off into space? [PAR] Why does the atmosphere not drift off into space? [PAR] The answer in a word is... [PAR] Gravity [PAR] Fortunately for us, Earth\u2019s gravity is strong enough to hold onto its atmosphere. Mars, for example, is less than half Earth\u2019s size and around one-tenth Earth\u2019s mass. Less mass means less gravitational pull. Mars\u2019 atmosphere is only about 1/100th as dense as Earth\u2019s. And, by the way, it is mostly CO2. [PAR] The air at the bottom of the atmosphere is under a lot more weight than the air nearer the top. [PAR] Like the acrobat at the bottom of a stack of acrobats, the air at the bottom of the atmosphere is under a lot more weight than the air nearer the top. That means, the air nearer Earth\u2019s surface is squished by the air above it, and is thus denser. The higher you go in the atmosphere, the thinner the air becomes. Ninety-nine percent of the air is in the lowest 30 kilometers (19 miles) of the atmosphere. [PAR] Yes, Earth\u2019s atmosphere has weight. So we, here at the surface, at the bottom of the \u201cstack,\u201d have about 14.7 pounds of air pressing down on every square inch of our bodies! Fortunately, we\u2019re used to it. We evolved down here, so our bodies can handle it. Higher in the atmosphere we begin to have problems. Even at 3,000 \u2014 4,500 meters (around 10 \u2014 15,000 feet) altitude, the air becomes thin enough that most people have trouble getting enough oxygen. [PAR] If Earth were the size of a beach ball, the breathable atmosphere would be as thin as paper. Seeing our atmosphere from space shows us how thin and fragile it is. [PAR] \"Many astronauts have reported seeing that delicate, thin blue aura at the horizon of the daylit hemisphere - that represents the thickness of the entire atmosphere - and immediately, unbidden, contemplating its fragility and vulnerability. They worry about it. They have reason to worry.\u201d Carl Sagan, Billions & Billions [PAR] If each acrobat weighs 100 pounds, how much weight does each acrobat hold up? Is there any wonder the bottom acrobat is starting to look a little squashed?[DOC] [TLE] What keeps Earth's atmosphere on Earth? | Earth | EarthSky What keeps Earth's atmosphere on Earth? | Earth | EarthSky [PAR] What keeps Earth\u2019s atmosphere bound to Earth? [PAR] By Deborah Byrd in Earth | March 5, 2011 [PAR] Earth\u2019s atmosphere is an extremely thin skin surrounding our planet. What force keeps it from flying off into space? [PAR] Earth\u2019s atmosphere is only 1/1,200,000 the mass of Earth itself. So it is a very thin skin surrounding our planet. How does Earth hold on to this thin skin of atmosphere? [PAR] The answer is gravity \u2013 the same force that keeps us anchored to Earth. [PAR] And yet, although you might not realize it or think about it, Earth does continually lose some of its atmosphere to space. This loss occurs in the upper atmosphere, over billion-year time scales. [PAR] Molecules in our atmosphere are constantly moving, spurred on by energizing sunlight. Some move quickly enough to escape the grip of Earth\u2019s gravity. The escape velocity for planet Earth is a little over 11 kilometers per second \u2013 about 25 thousand miles an hour. If Earth were much less massive \u2013 say, as massive as Mars \u2013 gravity\u2019s grip would be weaker. That\u2019s one reason why Mars lost most of its original"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vehicle Emission Controls - Climate Change - Acid Rain Vehicle Emission Controls [PAR] Vehicle Emission Controls [PAR] Think Energy [PAR] Vehicle Emission Controls [PAR] Through emissions of nitrogen oxides , cars and other road vehicles are major contributors to acidic emissions which cause acid rain. In all countries of the industrialised world, the number of vehicles on the roads has been continually increasing since the 1970s. With a large rise in traffic numbers, it becomes increasingly important to keep pollutant emissions to a minimum. There are presently a number of ways in which road traffic pollution can be reduced, including the use of emission control technology solutions. [PAR] Since January 1993, all new cars sold in the European Union have been fitted with a catalytic converter. Most catalytic converters lead to a dramatic reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides , as well as other harmful pollutants. [PAR] Exhaust Gas Recirculation involves returning exhaust air to the fuel inlet, which results in a reduction in peak engine temperatures and emissions of nitrogen oxides from petrol vehicles. [PAR] Smaller, lighter cars use less fuel and hence produce less pollution. Technological development using lighter materials for construction may therefore reduce emissions. [PAR] The above technologies all provide a reduction in emissions from vehicles. Electric transport is an alternative development that could lead to a large reduction in acidic pollution at ground level, if it became more wide spread. Electric transport produces no emissions at the point of use, although pollution is emitted during the production of electricity from power stations . The main drawback for electric vehicles is the need to recharge batteries. In addition, although they have lower fuel and maintenance costs than petrol and diesel, at present they require a higher capital investment. [PAR] The technical fixes such as those outlined above need to be combined with management schemes to reduce traffic in city centres, education to encourage the public to use their cars less, and the further development of alternative fuels that are not harmful to the environment."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tuscany Travel Guide - Travel Clothing, Travel Accessories ... Tuscany Travel Guide [PAR] Share [PAR] The sunny Italian region of Tuscany provides infinite allure for travelers. Artists, winemakers, monks and merchants make their home in the rustic medieval hilltop hamlets, rolling hills of olives and wine, bucolic farmlands strewn with poppies and sunflowers, and marvelous cities such as Florence. Read on to discover our favorite Tuscan treasures. [PAR] Florence \u2013 The Streets Less Traveled [PAR] The large crowds that visit Florence in the summer can make it feel a bit like Disneyland. To find real Florentine flavor and space to breathe, cross one of the three bridges over the Arno River to the district. Less crowded than the other side, its medieval backstreets are a labyrinth of picturesque lanes, alleyways, nooks and crannies. While you should definitely try to see attractions like Pitti Palace , the lovely Boboli Garden and the lesser-known Bardini Gardens beyond it, when you get to Oltrarno, leave the map behind and just wander. Let yourself be surprised by narrow lanes that open onto a piazza, antique shops and artisan studios where contemporary craftsmen continue Florentine traditions such as sculpture, leathercraft, metalwork, woodwork, goldsmithing and bookbinding. Superb family-style trattorias feature fresh and simple ingredients\u2014and are mostly undiscovered by tourists. Practice your Italian in small markets, caf\u00e9s and gelaterias as you sample local specialties and explore piazzas like Santo Spirito and Piazza Pitti. [PAR] Florence \u2013 Medieval Church with a Breathtaking View [PAR] Signs lead the way to a medieval hilltop church beyond Oltrarno and the old city walls of Florence. The story of San Miniato al Monte goes back to 250 A.D., when St. Minias\u2014an Armenian prince turned Christian hermit\u2014was beheaded for his faith. Legend has it that St. Minias carried his own head over the Arno River and made his way up the hillside that overlooks Florence, where he laid himself to rest. The church was built in his honor in 1013, with an adjoining monastery erected around it. Michelangelo looked after the church during the Siege of Florence (1530), devising a plan of defense that included placing two cannons on top of the bell tower and hanging monks\u2019 mattresses from its walls to absorb the impact from incoming cannonballs. [PAR] Meticulously planned, the church is filled with fascinating symbolism , geometry and zodiacs (its fa\u00e7ade resembles an owl). Impressive frescoes can be found inside and out. The adjoining gift shop sells honey, soap and liqueurs made by the monks. On summer weekdays, the monks accompany mass with Gregorian chants in the crypt at 5:30 p.m. Day or night, regardless of the season, the view is outstanding. [PAR] Arezzo \u2013 A Medieval Pot of Gold [PAR] Southeast of Florence, Arezzo presides on a hill overlooking four valleys. A haven of goldsmiths and jewelers, it\u2019s also home to boutique shops and beautiful Renaissance and Romanesque architecture of red brick, stucco and stone. Monuments, churches and museums like the Casa di Giorgio Vasari provide historical and artistic interest, while small alleyways, piazzas, quiet streets and the Corso Italia\u2014a pedestrian-only avenue to the old city center\u00ad\u2014make it a great, uncrowded place to explore on foot. [PAR] The steeply graded Piazza Grande in the old town marks the center of this ancient commune and features a town hall that dates back to the 6th century. Take a seat at one of the surrounding caf\u00e9s for a cool drink, gelato or panini. Pop into the town\u2019s tavernas and trattorias to sample local specialties like acquacotta (peasant bread soup made with porcini mushrooms), ribollita (a bean and vegetable soup)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Geologic Time Scale - creativemethods.com Geologic Time Scale [PAR] Geologic time scale [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale [PAR] See notes at the ends of \"Major events\" about carbon dioxide concentrations. [PAR] The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized Model ) relating stratigraphy to time that is used by geologists and other earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of Earth . The table of geologic time spans presented here agrees with the dates and nomenclature proposed by the International Commission on Stratigraphy , and uses the standard color codes of the United States Geological Survey . Evidence from radiometric dating indicates that the Earth is about 4.570 billion years old. The geological or deep time of Earth's past has been organized into various units according to events which took place in each period. [PAR] Graphical timelines [PAR] The second and third timelines are each subsections of their preceding timeline as indicated by asterisks. [PAR] Millions of Years [PAR] The Holocene (the latest epoch ) is too small to be shown clearly on this timeline. [PAR] Terminology [PAR] Chron [PAR] Generic term for any identifiable time period; not necessarily part of a hierarchy [PAR] The largest defined unit of time is the supereon, composed of eons. Eons are divided into eras, which are in turn divided into periods, epochs and ages. The terms eonothem , erathem , system , series , and stage are used to refer to the layers of rock that correspond to these periods of geologic time. [PAR] Geologists tend to talk in terms of Upper/Late, Lower/Early and Middle parts of periods and other units , such as \"Upper Jurassic \", and \"Middle Cambrian \". Upper, Middle, and Lower are terms applied to the rocks themselves, as in \"Upper Jurassic sandstone ,\" while Late, Middle, and Early are applied to time, as in \"Early Jurassic deposition \" or \" fossils of Early Jurassic age.\" The adjectives are capitalized when the subdivision is formally recognized, and lower case when not; thus \"early Miocene\" but \"Early Jurassic.\" Because geologic units occurring at the same time but from different parts of the world can often look different and contain different fossils, there are many examples where the same period was historically given different names in different locales. For example, in North America the Lower Cambrian is referred to as the Waucoban series that is then subdivided into zones based on trilobites . The same timespan is split into Tommotian , Atdabanian and Botomian stages in East Asia and Siberia . A key aspect of the work of the International Commission on Stratigraphy is to reconcile this conflicting terminology and define universal horizons that can be used around the world.[ citations needed ] [PAR] History of the time scale [PAR] See the main articles: history of geology and history of paleontology . [PAR] Earth history mapped to 24 hours [PAR] The first geologic time scale was proposed in 1913 by the British geologist Arthur Holmes . [2] He greatly furthered the newly created discipline of geochronology and published the world renowned book The Age of the Earth in 1913 in which he estimated the Earth 's age to be at least 1.6 billion years. [3] [PAR] Aristotle realized that fossil seashells from rocks were similar to those found on the beach, indicating the fossils were once living animals. He deduced that the positions of land and sea had changed and these changes occurred over long periods of time. Leonardo da Vinci concurred with Aristotle's view that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn The Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 31, 2016. [PAR] Three of the most significant imaginary lines running across the surface of the Earth are the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn. While the equator is the longest line of latitude on the Earth (the line where the Earth is widest in an east-west direction), the tropics are based on the sun's position in relation to the Earth at two points of the year. All three lines of latitude are significant in their relationship between the Earth and the sun. [PAR] The Equator [PAR] The equator is located at zero degrees latitude . The equator runs through Indonesia, Ecuador, northern Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , and Kenya, among other countries . It is 24,901.55 miles (40,075.16 kilometers) long. On the equator, the sun is directly overhead at noon on the two equinoxes - near March and September 21. The equator divides the planet into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. On the equator, the length of day and night are equal every day of the year - day is always twelve hours long and night is always twelve hours long. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Overview of the Four Seasons [PAR] The Tropic of Cancer and The Tropic of Capricorn [PAR] The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn each lie at 23.5 degrees latitude. The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.5\u00b0 North of the equator and runs through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia , India, and southern China. The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5\u00b0 South of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil (Brazil is the only country that passes through both the equator and a tropic), and northern South Africa . [PAR] The tropics are the two lines where the sun is directly overhead at noon on the two solstices - near June and December 21. The sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Cancer on June 21 (the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of winter in the Southern Hemisphere) and the sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Capricorn on December 21 (the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of summer in the Southern Hemisphere). [PAR] The reason for the location of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5\u00b0 north and south respectively is due to the axial tilt of the Earth. The Earth is titled 23.5 degrees from the plane of the Earth's revolution around the sun each year. [PAR] The area bounded by the Tropic of Cancer on the north and Tropic of Capricorn on the south is known as the \"tropics.\" This area does not experience seasons because the sun is always high in the sky. Only higher latitudes, north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn, experience significant seasonal variation in climate. Realize, however, that areas in the tropics can be cold. The peak of Mauna Kea on the big island of Hawaii stands nearly 14,000 feet above sea level, and snow is not unusual. [PAR] If you live north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the sun will never be directly overhead. In the United States, for example, Hawaii is the only location in the country that is south of the Tropic of Cancer, and it is thus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Latitude and Longitude General Information - CSGNetwork Latitude and Longitude General Information [PAR] CALCULATORS and CONVERTERS | Back [PAR] Latitude and Longitude General Information [PAR] The earth is effectively a sphere, so how do we describe where a point is on its surface? The most common way to locate points on the surface of the Earth is by standard, geographic coordinates called latitude and longitude. These coordinates values are measured in degrees (of arc, not temperature), and represent angular distances calculated from the center of the Earth. However, there are several CORRECT ways to designate them and to use the different values. What is latitude? We can imagine the Earth as a sphere, with an axis around which it spins. The ends of the axis are the North and South Poles. The Equator is a line around the earth, an equal distance from both poles. The Equator is also the latitude line given the value of zero degrees. This means it is the starting point for measuring latitude, up and down, or North and South properly indicated. Latitude values indicate the angular distance between the Equator and points North or South of it on the surface of the Earth. A line connecting all the points with the same latitude value is called a line of latitude. This term is usually used to refer to the lines that represent values in whole degrees. All lines of latitude are parallel to the Equator (and to each other), and they are sometimes also referred to as parallels. Parallels are equally spaced but they do NOT have the same distance around them! There are 90 degrees of latitude going North from the Equator, and the North Pole is at 90 degrees N. There are 90 degrees to the South of the Equator, and the South Pole is at 90 degrees S. Both are obviously the most distant points from any point on the Equator. When the directional designators (N, S, E or W) are omitted, northern latitudes are given positive values and southern latitudes are given negative values. [PAR] The Prime Meridian is the alpha and omega of the lines of longitude, called meridians. They run perpendicular to lines of latitude, and all pass through both poles. Each longitude line is part of a great circle. There is no obvious zero degree point for longitude, as there is for latitude. Throughout history many different starting points have been used to measure longitude. By international agreement, the meridian line through Greenwich, England, is currently given the value of zero degrees of longitude; this meridian is referred to as the Prime Meridian. Longitude values are indicate the angular distance between the Prime Meridian and points east or west of it on the surface of the Earth. The Earth is divided equally into 360 degrees of longitude. There are 180 degrees of longitude to the east of the Prime Meridian; when the directional designator is omitted these longitudes are given positive values. There are also 180 degrees of longitude to the west of the Prime Meridian; when the directional designator is omitted these longitudes are given negative values. The 180 degree longitude line is opposite the Prime Meridian on the globe, and is the same going either east or west. [PAR] How precise can we be with latitude and longitude? Degrees of latitude and longitude can be further subdivided into minutes and seconds (units of arc, not time): There are 60 minutes (') per degree, and 60 seconds (\") per minute. For example, a coordinate might be written 65\u00b0 32' 15\". Degrees can also be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Asia Times Online :: Letters Asia Times Online :: Letters [PAR] Letters [PAR] [PAR] Please provide your name or a pen name, and your country of residence. Lengthy letters run the risk of being cut. [PAR] Please note: This Letters page is intended primarily for readers to comment on ATol articles or related issues. It should not be used as a forum for readers to debate with each other. The Edge is the place for that. The editors do not mind publishing one or two responses to a reader's letter, but will, at their discretion, direct debaters away from the Letters page. [PAR] Letters 2013 [PAR] [Re Jeju port rises to territorial challenge , Dec 19, 2013] Sung Chan Kim and Seok-ho Kang swiftly concludes the obvious as a response to China's initiative in the South Asia Sea. They are too quick to pat themselves on the back. [PAR] The construction of a military industrial port on Jeju was quickly understood from the very germ of the idea. In other words, South Korea had China very much in its cross hairs. [PAR] Now that Beijing is flexing crudely its geopolitical muscle, South Korea rushes into to proclaim to the world see how prescient we were to anticipate China's moves. [PAR] Stuff and nonsense, since Seoul and its US protector's project initially was a red flag to a resurgent China. [PAR] Nakamura Junzo [PAR] Guam (Dec 20, '13) [PAR] [Re China vs US 'sea-to-shining-sea' , Dec 18, '13] Let\u010f\u017c\u02dds see. US Vice President Joe Biden was in China a couple weeks ago; coincidentally, Apple Inc announced a tentative partnership with China Mobile, thereby greatly increasing the devices company\u010f\u017c\u02dds potential customer base. Seems both the Americans and the Chinese understand very well that (geo)politics largely serves economics. On the other hand, the countries that fail to fully grasp this relationship will likely be left holding an empty bag once the economic train has left the station. (But I suppose they all can feel good about themselves by patting one another on the back.) [PAR] John Chen [PAR] USA (Dec 20, '13) [PAR] [Re Uyghurs shot dead in Xinjiang violence , Dec 19, '13] I do not know what type of veil would be used by a Uyghur Chinese woman though there are Muslim fundamentalists who cover their whole face except for the pair of eyes. If this was the case, the police have the right to lift the veil to identify the person. The police chief, Memet Sidiq, must have known the tradition as he himself is a Uyghur Chinese. Besides, attacking police is never allowed in any country, not even in the US. This is the third article submitted by RFA's Uyghur Service on this issue. They have made Asia Times Online a forum to justify their violent acts. [PAR] Wendy Cai [PAR] United States (Dec 20, '13) [PAR] Some time next year the US will \"officially\" withdraw its armed forces from Afghanistan. I doubt that we'll see the last commanding Amerikan general cross a bridge behind a tank like the Soviets did in 1989, or see TV images of hapless Amerikans and luckless Afghans climbing desperately onto fleeing helicopters from the Kabul Embassy roof a la Saigon 1975. Of course, the Empire is not about to abandon a 13 year war without some kind of intelligence and military presence remaining behind, if for no other reason than to act as a figleaf to mask the debacle. But make no mistake about it; the Empire has been decisively defeated, if not humiliated, by the ragtag Afghan insurgency and its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Layers of the Atmosphere - About.com Education Layers of the Atmosphere [PAR] Layers of the Atmosphere [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated October 20, 2016. [PAR] The earth is surrounded by the atmosphere, which is the body of air or gasses that protects the planet and enables life. Most of our atmosphere is located close to the earth's surface where it is most dense. The air of our planet is 79% nitrogen and just under 21% oxygen; the small amount remaining is composed of carbon dioxide and other gasses. There are five distinct layers of the earth. Let's look at each, from closest to farthest from the earth. [PAR] Troposphere [PAR] The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth is the troposphere. This layer is where weather occurs. It begins at the surface of the earth and extends out to about 4-12 miles. The temperature of the troposphere decreases with height. This layer is known as the lower atmosphere. [PAR] Stratosphere [PAR] Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends to about 30-35 miles above the earth's surface. Temperature rises within the stratosphere but still remains well below freezing. [PAR] Mesosphere [PAR] From about 35 to 50 miles above the surface of the earth lies the mesosphere, where the air is especially thin and molecules are great distances apart. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] Temperatures in the mesosphere reach a low of -184\u00b0F (-120\u00b0C). The stratosphere and the mesosphere are the middle atmospheres. [PAR] Thermosphere [PAR] The thermosphere rises several hundred miles above the earth's surface, from 50 miles up to about 400 miles. Temperature increases with height and can rise to as high as 3,600\u00b0F (2000\u00b0C). Nonetheless, the air would feel cold because the hot molecules are so far apart. This layer is known as the upper atmosphere. [PAR] Exosphere [PAR] Extending from the top of the thermosphere to 6200 miles (10,000 km) above the earth is the exosphere. This layer has very few atmospheric molecules, which can escape into space. [PAR] Pauses [PAR] Between each layer of the atmosphere is a boundary. Above the troposphere is the tropopause; above the stratosphere is the stratopause; above the mesosphere is the mesopause; and above the thermosphere is the thermopause. At these \"pauses,\" maximum change between the \"spheres\" occur.[DOC] [TLE] Layers of the atmosphere - University of California, Berkeley Living With A Star: 3: Balloon/Rocket Mission: Layers of the Atmosphere [PAR] Main Menu > 3: Balloon/Rocket Mission > Layers of the Atmosphere [PAR] This drawing shows the different layers of the atmosphere. The ground is shown in brown at the bottom of the picture. The altitude in kilometers is given on the right hand scale and is approximate. ( Click for a larger image .) \u00a9 UC Regents [PAR] The Different Levels of the Atmosphere are: [PAR] Troposphere: This is the lowest atmospheric layer and is about seven miles (11 km) thick. Most clouds and weather are found in the troposphere. The troposphere is thinner at the poles (averaging about 8km thick) and thicker at the equator (averaging about 16km thick). The temperature decreases with altitude. [PAR] Stratosphere: The stratosphere is found from about 7 to 30 miles (11-48 kilometers) above the Earth\u0092s surface. In this region of the atmosphere is the ozone layer, which absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The temperature increases slightly with altitude in the stratosphere. The highest temperature in this region is about 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius. [PAR] Mesosphere: The mesosphere is above the stratosphere."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The name of Earth's single, huge continent from over 250 ... The name of Earth's single, huge continent from over 250 million years ago is (1 point) A.Megaland. B.Pangaea. C.Gondwanaland. D.Laurasia. [PAR] You have new items in your feed. Click to view. [PAR] Question and answer [PAR] The name of Earth's single, huge continent from over 250 million years ago is (1 point) A.Megaland. B.Pangaea. C.Gondwanaland. D.Laurasia. [PAR] The name of the Earth's single continent was B. Pangaea [PAR] Get an answer [PAR] The name of Earth's single, huge continent from over 250 million years ago is (1 point) A.Megaland. B.Pangaea. C.Gondwanaland. D.Laurasia. [PAR] Original conversation [PAR] User: The name of Earth's single, huge continent from over 250 million years ago is (1 point) A.Megaland. B.Pangaea. C.Gondwanaland. D.Laurasia. [PAR] Weegy: The name of the Earth's single continent was B. Pangaea [PAR] MrG |Points 1812| [PAR] User: Krystal [PAR] Weegy: The name of Earth's single, huge continent from over 250 million years ago is B.- Pangaea [PAR] Expert answered| hhaokok |Points 32|[DOC] [TLE] BBC Earth - Supercontinents join nearly all the Earth's ... BBC Earth - Supercontinents join nearly all the Earth's dry land [PAR] Over 200 million years ago, the continents were joined together. [PAR] Dr Iain Stewart explains how the Earth's moving tectonic plates resulted in a supercontinent called Pangaea. [PAR] Supercontinents [PAR] In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, the definition of a supercontinent can be ambiguous. Many earth scientists, such as P.F. Hoffman (1999), use the term \"supercontinent\" to mean \"a clustering of nearly all continents\". This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body and is easier to apply to Precambrian times. Using the first definition provided here, Gondwana (aka Gondwanaland) is not considered a supercontinent, because the landmasses of Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia also existed at the same time but physically separate from each other. The landmass of Pangaea is the collective name describing all of these continental masses when they were in proximity to one another. This would classify Pangaea as a supercontinent. According to the definition by Rogers and Santosh (2004), a supercontinent does not exist today. Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times in the geologic past (see table). The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early Jurassic. However, beyond 200 Ma, continental positions are much less certain."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ozone Hole - Ozone Destruction NASA Earth Observatory (Illustration courtesy Barbara Summey, SSAI) [PAR] [PAR] Understanding Stratospheric Ozone Depletion [PAR] [PAR] Our understanding of stratospheric ozone depletion has been obtained through a combination of laboratory studies, computer models, and atmospheric observations. The wide variety of chemical reactions that occur in the stratosphere have been discovered and studied in laboratory studies. Chemical reactions between two gases follow well-defined physical rules. Some of these reactions occur on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) formed in the winter stratosphere. Reactions have been studied that involve many different molecules containing chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine and other atmospheric constituents such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. These studies have shown that several reactions involving chlorine and bromine directly or indirectly destroy ozone in the stratosphere. [PAR] [PAR] Computer models have been used to examine the combined effect of the large group of known reactions that occur in the stratosphere. These models simulate the stratosphere by including representative chemical abundances, winds, air temperatures, and the daily and seasonal changes in sunlight. These analyses show that under certain conditions chlorine and bromine react in catalytic cycles in which one chlorine or bromine atom destroys many thousands of ozone molecules. Models are also used to simulate ozone amounts observed in previous years as a strong test of our understanding of atmospheric processes and to evaluate the importance of new reactions found in laboratory studies. The responses of ozone to possible future changes in the abundances of trace gases, temperatures, and other atmospheric parameters have been extensively explored with specialized computer models . [PAR] [PAR] Atmospheric observations have shown what gases are present in different regions of the stratosphere and how their abundances vary. Gas and particle abundances have been monitored over time periods spanning a daily cycle to decades. Observations show that halogen source gases and reactive halogen gases are present in the stratosphere at the amounts required to cause observed ozone depletion. Ozone and chlorine monoxide (ClO), for example, have been observed extensively with a variety of instruments. ClO is a highly reactive gas that is involved in catalytic ozone destruction cycles throughout the stratosphere . Instruments on the ground and on satellites, balloons, and aircraft now routinely detect ozone and ClO remotely using optical and microwave signals. High-altitude aircraft and balloon instruments are also used to detect both gases locally in the stratosphere . The observations of ozone and reactive gases made in past decades are used extensively in comparisons with computer models in order to increase confidence in our understanding of stratospheric ozone depletion. [PAR] [PAR] The stratospheric ozone layer shields life on Earth from the Sun\u2019s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Chemicals that destroy ozone are formed by industrial and natural processes. With the exception of volcanic injection and aircraft exhaust, these chemicals are carried up into the stratosphere by strong upward-moving air currents in the tropics. Methane (CH4), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrous oxide (N2O) and water are injected into the stratosphere through towering tropical cumulus clouds. These compounds are broken down by the ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Byproducts of the breakdown of these chemicals form \u201cradicals\u201d\u2014such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and chlorine monoxide (ClO)\u2014that play an active role in ozone destruction. Aerosols and clouds can accelerate ozone loss through reactions on cloud surfaces. Thus, volcanic clouds and polar stratospheric clouds can indirectly contribute to ozone loss. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Stratospheric air temperatures in both polar regions reach minimum values in the lower stratosphere in the winter season. Average minimum values over Antarctica are as low as \u201390\u00b0C in July and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Does a Barometer Measure? | Wonderopolis What Does a Barometer Measure? | Wonderopolis [PAR] Wonder of the Day #213 [PAR] What Does a Barometer Measure? [PAR] What does a barometer measure? [PAR] How much pressure does the atmosphere exert on you at all times? [PAR] How do changes in air pressure signal changes in the weather? [PAR] Tags: [PAR] Listen [PAR] Can you feel the pressure ? It's around you\u2026all the time\u2026everywhere you go. What is it? Atmospheric pressure \u2014 often referred to simply as air pressure \u2014 is the constant force exerted on you by the weight of little particles of air. [PAR] These tiny air particles, called air molecules, can't be seen, but they are all around you. They have weight, which means they constantly \u201cpush\" down on you. If you look straight up in the air, you can imagine a tall column of air above your head reaching all the way to the edge of the Earth's atmosphere . [PAR] The weight of that column of air is the amount of air pressure exerted on you. If you move to a higher elevation (climb a mountain, for example), the air pressure will be lower. Why? The length of that column of air above you has decreased by the amount of your increase in elevation . [PAR] As you move to a higher elevation , you may notice that your ears have to \u201cpop.\" This balances the pressure between the inside and outside of your ear. Since there are fewer air molecules the higher you go, you will also probably need to breathe faster to breathe in more molecules to make up for the deficit . [PAR] Air molecules also take up space. Because there tends to be a lot of empty space between air molecules, air can either fill a big area or it can be compressed to fit into a smaller area. When it's compressed, air is said to be under high pressure . [PAR] Earth's atmosphere presses down on you with a force of almost 15 pounds per square inch. You may be wondering why it doesn't feel that heavy or why you're not crushed under the weight. Remember that thing you do called breathing? [PAR] The air inside your body balances out the pressure from air in the atmosphere , which prevents you from being squished by the pressure of the atmosphere . You don't sense air pressure as a constant force , because the air inside you balances outside pressure and you're used to that feeling. [PAR] If you watch the weather report frequently, you're sure to hear the weatherman talk about barometric pressure . Weather forecasters use a special tool called a barometer to measure air pressure . [PAR] Barometers measure atmospheric pressure using mercury , water or air. You'll usually hear forecasters give measurements in either inches of mercury or in millibars (mb). Forecasters use changes in air pressure measured with barometers to predict short-term changes in the weather . [PAR] Changes in air pressure signal the movement of high- or low- pressure areas of air, called fronts. Air molecules in high pressure areas tend to flow toward low pressure areas. We call this flow of air molecules wind . The larger the difference in pressure between areas, the stronger the winds will be. [PAR] As weather forecasters monitor air pressure , falling barometer measurements can signal that bad weather is on the way. In general, if a low pressure system is on its way, be prepared for warmer weather with storms and rain. If a high pressure"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Malachite: Uses and properties of the mineral and gemstone Malachite: Uses and properties of the mineral and gemstone [PAR] Home \u00bb Minerals \u00bb Malachite [PAR] Malachite [PAR] Used as an ore of copper, a pigment, a gemstone, and a sculptural material for thousands of years. [PAR] Malachite Gemstones: A malachite cabochon (30x40 millimeter) and a malachite puffed heart, both cut from rough mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This oval cabochon shows the agate-like banding in various shades of green that is typical of malachite. The puffed heart shows concentric structures. [PAR] What is Malachite? [PAR] Malachite is a green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with a chemical composition of Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. It was one of the first ores used to produce copper metal. It is of minor importance today as an ore of copper because it is usually found in small quantities and can be sold for higher prices for other types of use. [PAR] Malachite has been used as a gemstone and sculptural material for thousands of years and is still popular today. Today it is most often cut into cabochons or beads for jewelry use. [PAR] Malachite has a green color that does not fade over time or when exposed to light. Those properties, along with its ability to be easily ground to a powder, made malachite a preferred pigment and coloring agent for thousands of years. [PAR] Botryoidal Malachite: Close-up of botryoidal malachite in a seafoam green color from Bisbee, Arizona. This view spans an area of the specimen about 5 millimeters wide and high. Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com . [PAR] Where Does Malachite Form? [PAR] Malachite is a mineral that forms at shallow depths within the Earth, in the oxidizing zone above copper deposits. It precipitates from descending solutions in fractures, caverns, cavities, and the intergranular spaces of porous rock. It often forms within limestone where a subsurface chemical environment favorable for the formation of carbonate minerals can occur. Associated minerals include azurite , bornite , calcite , chalcopyrite , copper , cuprite , and a variety of iron oxides. [PAR] Some of the first malachite deposits to be exploited were located in Egypt and Israel. Over 4000 years ago, they were mined and used to produce copper. Material from these deposits was also used to produce gemstones, sculptures, and pigments. Several large deposits in the Ural Mountains of Russia were aggressively mined, and they supplied abundant gem and sculptural material in the 1800s. Very little is produced from these deposits today. Much of the malachite entering the lapidary market today is from deposits in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Smaller amounts are produced in Australia, France, and Arizona. [PAR] Stalactitic malachite: A specimen of stalactitic malachite from the Kasompi Mine, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The specimen is approximately 21 x 16 x 12 centimeters in size. Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com . [PAR] Physical Properties of Malachite [PAR] A minor ore of copper. Gemstones, small sculptures, pigment. [PAR] Physical Properties of Malachite [PAR] Malachite's most striking physical property is its green color. All specimens of the mineral are green and range from a pastel green, to a bright green, to an extremely dark green that is almost black. It is typically found as stalactites and botryoidal coatings on the surfaces of underground cavities - similar to the deposits of calcite found in caves. When these materials are cut into slabs and pieces, the sawn surfaces often exhibit banding and eyes that are similar to agate . [PAR] Malachite is rarely found as a crystal, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10(l) Crustal Deformation Processes: Folding and Faulting 10(l) Crustal Deformation Processes: Folding and Faulting [PAR] CHAPTER 10: Introduction to the Lithosphere [PAR] [PAR] (l). Crustal Deformation Processes: Folding and Faulting [PAR] The topographic map illustrated in Figure 10l-1 suggests that the Earth's surface has been deformed. This deformation is the result of forces that are strong enough to move ocean sediments to an eleveation many thousands meters above sea level. In previous lectures, we have discovered that this displacement of rock can be caused by tectonic plate movement and subduction , volcanic activity , and intrusive igneous activity . [PAR] Figure 10l-1: Topographic relief of the Earth's terrestrial surface and ocean basins. Ocean trenches and the ocean floor have the lowest elevations on the image and are colored dark blue. Elevation is indicated by color. The legend below shows the relationship between color and elevation. (Source: National Geophysical Data Center , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). [PAR] [PAR] Deformation of rock involves changes in the shape and/or volume of these substances. Changes in shape and volume occur when stress and strain causes rock to buckle and fracture or crumple into folds. A fold can be defined as a bend in rock that is the response to compressional forces. Folds are most visible in rocks that contain layering. For plastic deformation of rock to occur a number of conditions must be met, including: [PAR] The rock material must have the ability to deform under pressure and heat. [PAR] The higher the temperature of the rock the more plastic it becomes. [PAR] Pressure must not exceed the internal strength of the rock. If it does, fracturing occurs. [PAR] Deformation must be applied slowly. [PAR] A number of different folds have been recognized and classified by geologists. The simplest type of fold is called a monocline (Figure 10i-2). This fold involves a slight bend in otherwise parallel layers of rock. [PAR] Figure 10l-2: Monocline fold. [PAR] [PAR] An anticline is a convex up fold in rock that resembles an arch like structure with the rock beds (or limbs) dipping way from the center of the structure (Figure 10l-3). [PAR] Figure 10l-3: Anticline fold. Note how the rock layers dip away from the center of the fold are roughly symmetrical. [PAR] [PAR] A syncline is a fold where the rock layers are warped downward (Figure 10l-4 and 10l-5). Both anticlines and synclines are the result of compressional stress. [PAR] Figure 10l-4: Syncline fold. Note how the rock layers dip toward the center of the fold and are roughly symmetrical. [PAR] [PAR] Figure 10l-5: Synclinal folds in bedrock, near Saint-Godard-de-Lejeune, Canada. (Source: Natural Resources Canada - Terrain Sciences Division - Canadian Landscapes ). [PAR] [PAR] More complex fold types can develop in situations where lateral pressures become greater. The greater pressure results in anticlines and synclines that are inclined and asymmetrical (Figure 10l-6). [PAR] Figure 10l-6: The following illustration shows two anticline folds which are inclined. Also note how the beds on either side of the fold center are asymmetrical. [PAR] [PAR] A recumbent fold develops if the center of the fold moves from being once vertical to a horizontal position (Figure 10l-7). Recumbent folds are commonly found in the core of mountain ranges and indicate that compression and/or shear forces were stronger in one direction. Extreme stress and pressure can sometimes cause the rocks to shear along a plane of weakness creating a fault . We call the combination of a fault and a fold in a rock an overthrust fault . [PAR] Figure 10l-7: Recumbent fold. [PAR] [PAR] Faults form in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clouds - Metlink Teaching Weather and Climate Clouds - Metlink Teaching Weather and Climate [PAR] Clouds [PAR] Cirriform clouds [PAR] The nature of clouds [PAR] A classification of clouds was introduced by Luke Howard (1772-1864) who used Latin words to describe their characteristics. [PAR] Cirrus \u2013 a tuft or filament (e.g. of hair) [PAR] Cumulus \u2013 a heap or pile [PAR] Stratus \u2013 a layer [PAR] Nimbus \u2013 rain bearing [PAR] There are now ten basic cloud types with names based on combinations of these words (the word \u2018alto\u2019, meaning high but now used to denote medium-level cloud, is also used). [PAR] C.S. Broomfield (\u00a9 Crown Copyright) [PAR] Clouds form when moist air is cooled to such an extent that it becomes saturated. The main mechanism for cooling air is to force it to rise. As air rises it expands \u2013 because the pressure decreases with height in the atmosphere \u2013 and this causes it to cool. Eventually it may become saturated and the water vapour then condenses into tiny water droplets, similar in size to those found in fog, and forms cloud. If the temperature falls below about minus 20 \u00b0C, many of the cloud droplets will have frozen so that the cloud is mainly composed of ice crystals. [PAR] The main ways in which air rises to form cloud [PAR] Rapid local ascent when heated air at the earth\u2019s surface rises in the form of thermal currents (convection). [PAR] Slow, widespread, mass ascent where warm moist air is forced to rise above cold air. The region between warm and cold air is called a \u2018front\u2019. [PAR] Upward motion associated with turbulent eddies resulting from the frictional effect of the earth\u2019s surface. [PAR] Air forced to rise over a barrier of mountains or hills. [PAR] The first of these tends to produce cumulus-type clouds, whereas the next two usually produce layered clouds. The last can produce either cumulus-type cloud or layered cloud depending upon the state of the atmosphere. The range of ways in which clouds can be formed and the variable nature of the atmosphere give rise to the enormous variety of shapes, sizes and textures of clouds. [PAR] Types of cloud [PAR] The ten main types of cloud can be separated into three broad categories according to the height of their base above the ground: high clouds, medium clouds and low clouds. [PAR] High clouds are usually composed solely of ice crystals and have a base between 18,000 and 45,000 feet (5,500 and 14,000 metres). [PAR] Cirrus \u2013 white filaments [PAR] Cirrocumulus \u2013 small rippled elements [PAR] Cirrostratus \u2013 transparent sheet, often with a halo [PAR] Medium clouds are usually composed of water droplets or a mixture of water droplets and ice crystals, and have a base between 6,500 and 18,000 feet (2,000 and 5,500 metres). [PAR] Altocumulus \u2013 layered, rippled elements, generally white with some shading [PAR] Altostratus \u2013 thin layer, grey, allows sun to appear as if through ground glass [PAR] Nimbostratus \u2013 thick layer, low base, dark. Rain or snow falling from it may sometimes be heavy [PAR] Low clouds are usually composed of water droplets \u2013 though cumulonimbus clouds include ice crystals \u2013 and have a base below 6,500 feet (2,000 metres). [PAR] Stratocumulus \u2013 layered, series of rounded rolls, generally white with some shading [PAR] Stratus \u2013 layered, uniform base, grey [PAR] Cumulus \u2013 individual cells, vertical rolls or towers, flat base [PAR] Cumulonimbus \u2013 large cauliflower-shaped towers, often \u2018anvil tops\u2019, sometimes giving thunderstorms or showers of rain or snow [PAR] Most of the main cloud types can be subdivided"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fertilizer use responsible for increase in nitrous oxide ... Fertilizer use responsible for increase in nitrous oxide in atmosphere | Berkeley News [PAR] Fertilizer use responsible for increase in nitrous oxide in atmosphere [PAR] By Robert Sanders , Media relations | [PAR] April 2, 2012 [PAR] Robert Sanders [PAR] University of California, Berkeley, chemists have found a smoking gun proving that increased fertilizer use over the past 50 years is responsible for a dramatic rise in atmospheric nitrous oxide, which is a major greenhouse gas contributing to global climate change. [PAR] The Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station in Tasmania, where air samples have been collected since 1978. These samples show a long-term trend in isotopic composition that confirms that nitrogen-based fertilizer is largely responsible for the 20 percent increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide since the Industrial Revolution. Photo courtesy of CSIRO. [PAR] Climate scientists have assumed that the cause of the increased nitrous oxide was nitrogen-based fertilizer, which stimulates microbes in the soil to convert nitrogen to nitrous oxide at a faster rate than normal. [PAR] The new study, reported in the April issue of the journal Nature Geoscience, uses nitrogen isotope data to identify the unmistakable fingerprint of fertilizer use in archived air samples from Antarctica and Tasmania. [PAR] \u201cOur study is the first to show empirically from the data at hand alone that the nitrogen isotope ratio in the atmosphere and how it has changed over time is a fingerprint of fertilizer use,\u201d said study leader Kristie Boering, a UC Berkeley professor of chemistry and of earth and planetary science. [PAR] \u201cWe are not vilifying fertilizer. We can\u2019t just stop using fertilizer,\u201d she added. \u201cBut we hope this study will contribute to changes in fertilizer use and agricultural practices that will help to mitigate the release of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere.\u201d [PAR] Since the year 1750, nitrous oxide levels have risen 20 percent \u2013 from below 270 parts per billion (ppb) to more than 320 ppb. After carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide (N2O) is the most potent greenhouse gas, trapping heat and contributing to global warming. It also destroys stratospheric ozone, which protects the planet from harmful ultraviolet rays. [PAR] Not surprisingly, a steep ramp-up in atmospheric nitrous oxide coincided with the green revolution that increased dramatically in the 1960s, when inexpensive, synthetic fertilizer and other developments boosted food production worldwide, feeding a burgeoning global population. [PAR] Tracking the origin of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere, however, is difficult because a molecule from a fertilized field looks identical to one from a natural forest or the ocean if you only measure total concentration. But a quirk of microbial metabolism affects the isotope ratio of the nitrogen the N2O microbes give off, producing a telltale fingerprint that can be detected with sensitive techniques. [PAR] Archived air from Cape Grim [PAR] Boering and her colleagues, including former UC Berkeley graduate students Sunyoung Park and Phillip Croteau, obtained air samples from Antarctic ice, called firn air, dating from 1940 to 2005, and from an atmospheric monitoring station at Cape Grim, Tasmania, which has archived air back to 1978. [PAR] Law Dome, Antarctica. Air trapped in the consolidated snow from this region provides historical air samples going back to 1940. [PAR] Analysis of N2O levels in the Cape Grim air samples revealed a seasonal cycle, which has been known before. But isotopic measurements by a very sensitive isotope ratio mass spectrometer also displayed a seasonal cycle, which had not been observed before. At Cape Grim, the isotopes show that the seasonal cycle is due both to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Layers of the Earth - staff.orecity.k12.or.us Layers of the Earth [PAR] Layers of the Earth [PAR] [PAR] The earth is made up of layers (crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core). Each one has a unique make-up to it. [PAR] Crust [PAR] This is the outer layer of the Earth about 10 miles or so thick. Mostly made up of rock and loose material. The crust found underneath continents is 3 times thicker than the crust underneath the oceans. [PAR] Mantle [PAR] The next layer beneath the crust is called the mantle. It extends to a depth of approximately 1,800 miles and is made of a thick solid rocky substance that represents about 85% of the total weight and mass of the Earth. [PAR] The first 50 miles of the mantle are believed to consist of very hard rigid rock. The next 150 miles or so is believed to be super-heated solid rock. Below that for the next several hundred miles, the Earth mantle is once again made up of very solid and sturdy rock materials. [PAR] Outer Core [PAR] Traveling deeper within the Earth, we next would encounter the Earth\u2019s outer core, which extends to a depth of around 3000 miles beneath the surface. It is believed that this outer core is made up of super-heated liquid molten lava. This lava is believed to be mostly iron, and nickel. [PAR] Inner Core [PAR] Finally, we would reach the Earth\u2019s inner core. The inner core extends another 900 miles inward towards the center of the Earth. It is believed that this inner core is a solid ball of mostly iron, and nickel. [PAR] The mantle is made of much denser, thicker material, because of this the plates \"float\" on it like oil floats on water. Many geologists believe that the mantle \"flows\" because of convection currents. [PAR] Convection Currents [PAR] These currents are caused by the very hot material rising, cooling, and sinking over and over again. The next time you heat anything like soup or pudding in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents. A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth. [PAR] Magma [PAR] The first question this raises is: what exactly is this \"material from the inside\"? On our planet, it's magma, fluid molten rock. This material is partially liquid, partially solid and partially gaseous. [PAR] Radiation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is a Group of Snakes Called? - wiseGEEK What Is a Group of Snakes Called? [PAR] What Is a Group of Snakes Called? [PAR] Tweet [PAR] A group of snakes is generally called a bed, den, pit or nest, but a group of rattlesnakes is referred to as a rhumba or rumba. It's not entirely clear why it is called a rhumba, but the word comes from a Cuban Spanish term, rumba, which originally meant \"party\" or \"carousel.\" Terms such as \"bed\" or \"rhumba\" are known as collective nouns when they refer to groups of animals. [PAR] More collective nouns for animal groups: [PAR] A group of monkeys is often called a tribe or troop, but it can also be called a shrewdness of monkeys. Groups of baboons specifically can be called a flange or congress of baboons, and groups of chimpanzees can be called a harem of chimpanzees. [PAR] Perhaps appropriately, a group of cockroaches is called an intrusion of cockroaches. A group of rats is often called a pack, but it also can be called a mischief. Crows also have particularly negative collective nouns, including an unkindness of crows, as well as a congress, a conspiracy, a parliament and a murder of crows. Doves have a more positive group of names, including a cote of doves and a piteousness of doves. [PAR] A group of ants can be called a bike of ants, and a group of bees can be called a grist of bees. [PAR] Groups of alligators or crocodiles are called congregations, and groups of Komodo dragons are called banks. Both a group of hippopotami and a group of rhinoceri can be called a crash. A group of hippopotami also can be called a bloat. [PAR] Follow wiseGEEK:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How is obsidian formed? | Reference.com How is obsidian formed? | Reference.com [PAR] How is obsidian formed? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Obsidian is formed by rapidly cooling molten rock or lava. Obsidian is also called volcanic glass, and it is considered a mineraloid. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Examples of the rapid cooling that forms obsidian are lava oozing into a body of water, or lava splashing against something and bouncing into the air. Most obsidian is black; however, it can also be found in other colors. Scientists believe the colors come from other elements mixing in with the molten rock just before the rapid cooling occurs. [PAR] Most obsidian found is from volcanic eruptions that occurred within the past few million years. That is because older obsidian has most likely shattered into dust over time, as stated by geology.com.[DOC] [TLE] igneous rock -- Kids Encyclopedia | Children's Homework ... igneous rock --\ufffd Kids Encyclopedia | Children's Homework Help | Kids Online Dictionary | Britannica [PAR] Basalt is a type of igneous rock formed from molten lava that has cooled and hardened. [PAR] Courtesy of the Mineral Information Institute [PAR] Rock that solidifies from molten earth material is called igneous rock. It is one of the three main types of rock, along with sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock . [PAR] Obsidian is a glassy igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of lava. [PAR] \u00a9 Tyler Boyes/Fotolia [PAR] Igneous rock is composed of crystals or is glassy. It is formed from magma \u0097molten or partially molten rock in the interior of Earth where temperatures are very hot. Magma exists at temperatures of 1,100\u00b0 to 2,400\u00b0 F (600\u00b0 to 1,300\u00b0 C). It is thought to be generated underneath Earth's crust, at a depth below about 40 miles (60 kilometers). Because magma is less dense than the surrounding solid rocks, it rises toward the surface. It may settle within the crust or erupt at the surface from a volcano , such as in a lava flow. When magma cools down, it returns to a solid state and become igneous rock. [PAR] Granite is a coarse- or medium-grained igneous rock that is rich in quartz and feldspar. It is [PAR] D.L. Weide [PAR] Igneous rocks that form deep within Earth's crust are different from those that form at the surface. Deep in the crust, the temperatures and pressures are much higher than at the surface. The hot magma thus cools slowly, which gives it enough time to crystallize completely; no trace of the liquid magma is left. Relatively large mineral crystals develop, which results in coarse- or medium-grained rocks such as granite . Rocks formed from magma within the crust are known as intrusive igneous rocks. [PAR] Basaltic lava erupts from Hawaii's Kilauea volcano. When the lava cools, it will solidify into [PAR] J.D. Griggs/U.S. Geological Survey [PAR] This hardened molten lava was converted by escaping gases into layers of pumice and obsidian. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Magma that erupts at the much cooler surface cools and solidifies very rapidly. The minerals thus have little or no chance to grow. The rocks that form may be fine-grained, with minerals so small that they cannot be seen without a microscope. Basalt is an example of this type of rock. If there are no minerals present, the rocks are glassy, such as in obsidian and pumice. Rocks that form from magma at the surface are known as extrusive, or volcanic, igneous rocks. They form from molten lava that spreads in sheets and hardens or from fragments of magma ejected from vents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Water Science Glossary of Terms ( USGS ) USGS Water Science Glossary of Terms [PAR] A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y [PAR] A [PAR] acequia--acequias are gravity-driven waterways, similar in concept to a flume. Most are simple ditches with dirt banks, but they can be lined with concrete. They were important forms of irrigation in the development of agriculture in the American Southwest. The proliferation of cotton, pecans and green chile as major agricultural staples owe their progress to the acequia system. [PAR] acid--a substance that has a pH of less than 7, which is neutral. Specifically, an acid has more free hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-). [PAR] acre-foot (acre-ft)--the volume of water required to cover 1 acre of land (43,560 square feet) to a depth of 1 foot. Equal to 325,851 gallons or 1,233 cubic meters. [PAR] alkaline--sometimes water or soils contain an amount of alkali (strongly basic) substances sufficient to raise the pH value above 7.0 and be harmful to the growth of crops. [PAR] alkalinity--the capacity of water for neutralizing an acid solution. [PAR] alluvium--deposits of clay, silt, sand, gravel, or other particulate material that has been deposited by a stream or other body of running water in a streambed, on a flood plain, on a delta, or at the base of a mountain. [PAR] appropriation doctrine--the system for allocating water to private individuals used in most Western states. The doctrine of Prior Appropriation was in common use throughout the arid west as early settlers and miners began to develop the land. The prior appropriation doctrine is based on the concept of \"First in Time, First in Right.\" The first person to take a quantity of water and put it to Beneficial Use has a higher priority of right than a subsequent user. Under drought conditions, higher priority users are satisfied before junior users receive water. Appropriative rights can be lost through nonuse; they can also be sold or transferred apart from the land. Contrasts with Riparian Water Rights. [PAR] aquaculture--farming of plants and animals that live in water, such as fish, shellfish, and algae. [PAR] aqueduct--a pipe, conduit, or channel designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. [PAR] aquifer--a geologic formation(s) that is water bearing. A geological formation or structure that stores and/or transmits water, such as to wells and springs. Use of the term is usually restricted to those water-bearing formations capable of yielding water in sufficient quantity to constitute a usable supply for people's uses. [PAR] aquifer (confined)--soil or rock below the land surface that is saturated with water. There are layers of impermeable material both above and below it and it is under pressure so that when the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer. [PAR] aquifer (unconfined)--an aquifer whose upper water surface (water table) is at atmospheric pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall. [PAR] artesian water--groundwater that is under pressure when tapped by a well and is able to rise above the level at which it is first encountered. It may or may not flow out at ground level. The pressure in such an aquifer commonly is called artesian pressure, and the formation containing artesian water is an artesian aquifer or confined aquifer. See flowing well [PAR] artificial recharge--an process where water is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Schools Science Clips - Earth, sun and moon Offline ... BBC - Schools Science Clips - Earth, sun and moon Offline lesson plan [PAR] Offline lesson plan [PAR] Objectives [PAR] Understand that it is the Earth that moves, not the Sun, and the Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours [PAR] Know that it is daytime in the part of the Earth facing the Sun and night-time in the part of the Earth away from the Sun [PAR] [PAR] England: Key Stage 2, Science, Sc4 4c [PAR] Wales: Key Stage 2, Physical processes 4.4 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Key Stage 3, Physical processes, Earth in space, b [PAR] Scotland: 5-14 Guidelines, Science, Earth in space, Level B [PAR] [PAR] Copies of the Earth, Sun and Moon worksheet printed from the Science Clips website [PAR] Globe, light source (e.g. overhead projector light) [PAR] [PAR] Teaching activities [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Ask a child to act as the Sun. Explain that the Sun is at the centre of the Solar System. Ask another child to act as the Earth and show how the Earth orbits around the Sun. Then ask the 'the Earth' to spin as it orbits the Sun. Does anyone know how long it takes for the Earth to spin once on its own axis? [PAR] Activitives [PAR] Set up the globe and the light so they are level and the light is shining on the globe. Explain to the children that the light represents the Sun, and the globe represents the Earth. How much of the Earth is in light and how much is in shadow? In which half would it be night-time and in which half would it be daytime? [PAR] Locate the UK on the globe. Turn the globe so the UK is directly opposite the light, in shadow. Is it daytime or night-time in the UK? Explain that it is precisely midnight. Rotate the globe anticlockwise and stop where the change from darkness to light occurs. What would we be experiencing in the UK now? What time would it be? Continue to rotate slowly. Stop when the UK faces the light beam directly. What time would it be now in the UK (midday)? Slowly continue to rotate. Stop where the change from light to darkness occurs. What we would be experiencing in the UK now? What time would it be? Continue to rotate slowly until the UK is facing directly away from the light again. What time is it now? How long does it take for the Earth to complete one spin? Ensure children understand that one complete turn takes 24 hours (one day). [PAR] Hand out copies of the worksheet. Let children complete it independently, shading in each diagram where it is night on Earth. [PAR] Plenary [PAR] Review the worksheet. Discuss how it doesn't appear to us on Earth that the Earth is moving, but it appears that the Sun moves and it appears to rise and set in the sky. [PAR] [PAR] Extension [PAR] Fasten a matchstick to the UK on the globe with a piece of blu-tack. Ask children to make observations of the shadow as they rotate the Earth through a day. [PAR] [PAR] Suggested homework [PAR] Ask children to calculate, using their age, the answers to the following questions. How many times have they rotated with the Earth?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ruby and Sapphire: Gems of the Mineral Corundum Ruby and Sapphire: Gems of the Mineral Corundum [PAR] Home \u00bb Gemstones \u00bb Ruby and Sapphire [PAR] Ruby and Sapphire [PAR] Ruby and sapphire have the same chemical composition and crystal structure - they are both varieties of the mineral corundum [PAR] Rubies: The most desired variety of corundum is the ruby. The red color is produced by trace amounts of chromium in the mineral. These two beautiful rubies were mined in Madagascar. The one on the left is a 7 x 5 millimeter octagon that weighs about 1.32 carats. The one on the right is an 8 x 6 millimeter oval that weighs about 1.34 carats. Although Asia has been the traditional source of gem corundum for over one thousand years, Africa is poised to become a new primary source. [PAR] Ruby, Sapphire, and Fancy Sapphire [PAR] Most people don't realize that ruby and sapphire are both gems of the mineral corundum . Both of these gems have the same chemical composition and the same mineral structure. Trace amounts of impurities determine if a gem corundum will be a brilliant red ruby or a beautiful blue sapphire. It is surprising that \"impurities\" can produce such wonderful results! [PAR] Red and blue are just two of the many colors found in gem corundums. Trace amounts of other elements can produce brilliant yellow, orange, green, and purple gems. Red corundums are known as \"rubies,\" blue corundums are known as \"sapphires,\" and corundums of any other color are known as \" fancy sapphires .\" Corundum produces gems in a spectrum of colors. [PAR] Related: Corundum: Mineral Summary [PAR] What Makes a Ruby? [PAR] Some gem-quality corundum contains trace amounts of chromium. A very small amount of chromium gives corundum a pink color. Larger amounts of chromium increase the color saturation of the stone and produce a gem with a deeper red color. To be considered a \"ruby,\" a corundum should have a color between orangey red and a slightly purplish red. The most desirable color is a pure vibrant red. [PAR] Very few specimens of corundum have a natural color within the range required for a ruby. Very few also have the clarity required to produce a nice faceted stone. Long ago, people who prepared gem materials for cutting discovered that heating rubies under controlled conditions can intensify their color. Heating can also cause inclusions to become less visible and improve the clarity of a gem. [PAR] Most rubies in the market today have been heated to improve their color and clarity. Many of them have had other treatments to improve their appearance. These treatments are normal and expected in the gem trade, but a seller should disclose them to a buyer in advance of a sale. [PAR] Montana sapphire: The most widely known sapphire locality in North America is Yogo Gulch, Montana, famous for producing deep blue sapphires of excellent quality. Creative Commons photo of a gem from Barnes Jewelry, Helena, Montana, by Montanabw. [PAR] Corundum as ruby, sapphire, and fancy sapphire: Gem-quality corundum is a highly prized and valuable material. When it is bright red in color, it is called \"ruby.\" When it is deep blue, it is called \"sapphire.\" Gem-quality corundum of any other color is called \"fancy sapphire.\" All of the stones in this photo were mined in Africa. [PAR] What Makes a Sapphire? [PAR] Trace amounts of iron and titanium can develop a blue color in corundum. Blue corundums are known as \"sapphires.\" The name \"sapphire\" is used for corundums that range from light blue to dark"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] oxide mineral | Britannica.com oxide mineral | Britannica.com [PAR] Oxide mineral [PAR] maghemite [PAR] Oxide mineral, any naturally occurring inorganic compound with a structure based on close-packed oxygen atoms in which smaller, positively charged metal or other ions occur in interstices. Oxides are distinguished from other oxygen-bearing compounds such as the silicates, borates, and carbonates, which have a readily definable group containing oxygen atoms covalently bonded to an atom of another element. [PAR] Oxide minerals [PAR] brown to indigo blue and black; also variable [PAR] adamantine to metallic adamantine [PAR] white to pale green, gray, or blue [PAR] waxy to vitreous [PAR] reddish or yellowish brown to brownish black [PAR] adamantine to metallic adamantine, usually splendent [PAR] 6\u20137 [PAR] iron black to brownish black; often with iridescent tarnish [PAR] 6\u20136\u00bd [PAR] 5.2 (columbite) to 8.0 (tantalite) [PAR] corundum [PAR] red (ruby); blue (sapphire); also variable [PAR] adamantine to vitreous [PAR] white, grayish white, colourless; variable [PAR] brilliant vitreous [PAR] brilliant submetallic to greasy or vitreous [PAR] 5\u00bd\u20136\u00bd [PAR] white; grayish, greenish, reddish white [PAR] vitreous [PAR] blackish brown (crystals); yellowish or reddish brown [PAR] adamantine-metallic [PAR] steel gray; dull to bright red [PAR] metallic or submetallic to dull [PAR] 5\u20136 [PAR] ruby red to reddish brown [PAR] submetallic [PAR] dark steel gray to iron black [PAR] submetallic [PAR] colourless to grayish; also green, yellow, or black [PAR] vitreous [PAR] perovskite (often containing rare earths) [PAR] black; grayish or brownish black; reddish brown to yellow [PAR] adamantine to metallic [PAR] iron black to dark steel gray [PAR] submetallic to dull [PAR] brown to black (pyro); pale yellow to brown (micro) [PAR] vitreous or resinous [PAR] light steel gray to iron black [PAR] metallic [PAR] reddish brown to red; variable [PAR] metallic adamantine [PAR] steel or iron gray to black [PAR] metallic [PAR] dark gray to brownish black and bluish [PAR] hornlike to submetallic [PAR] steel to velvet black; grayish, greenish [PAR] submetallic to greasy or dull [PAR] 5\u20136 [PAR] 6.5\u20138.5 (massive); 8.0\u201310.0 (crystals) [PAR] name [PAR] refractive indices or polished section data [PAR] crystal system [PAR] disseminated or in pisolitic aggregates [PAR] one very good cleavage [PAR] only as crystals, usually tabular [PAR] subconchoidal to uneven fracture [PAR] tabular crystals; platy aggregates; fibrous or foliated massive [PAR] one perfect cleavage [PAR] repeatedly twinned crystals; crusts and concretions [PAR] one imperfect cleavage [PAR] tabular or prismatic, commonly twinned, crystals [PAR] one distinct cleavage [PAR] prismatic crystals, often in large groups; massive [PAR] one distinct cleavage [PAR] pyramidal or barrel-shaped crystals; large blocks; rounded grains [PAR] no cleavage; uneven to conchoidal fracture [PAR] omega = 1.767\u20131.772 [PAR] octahedral, cubic, or capillary crystals; granular or earthy massive [PAR] conchoidal to uneven fracture [PAR] bluish white; anomalously anisotropic and plechroic [PAR] isometric [PAR] rosy brown-white; strongly anisotropic; distinctly pleochroic [PAR] hexagonal [PAR] thin, platy crystals; scaly massive; disseminated [PAR] one perfect cleavage, one less so [PAR] alpha = 1.682\u20131.706 [PAR] tabular crystals; crusts and coatings; compact earthy [PAR] one perfect cleavage [PAR] one perfect cleavage, one less so [PAR] alpha = 2.260\u20132.275 [PAR] tabular crystals; rosettes; columnar or fibrous massive; earthy massive; reniform masses [PAR] no cleavage [PAR] anisotropic; weakly pleochroic; often shows lamellar twinning [PAR] hexagonal [PAR] thick, tabular crystals; compact massive; grains [PAR] no cleavage; conchoidal fracture [PAR] n = about 2.7 grayish white; anisotropic [PAR] hexagonal [PAR] flattened scales; isolated rounded crystals; massive [PAR] one perfect cleavage, one less so [PAR] alpha = 1.94 [PAR] gray-white; strongly anisotropic and pleochroic [PAR] orthorhombic [PAR] crusts; alteration product on massicot [PAR] one cleavage [PAR] prismatic crystals, often in bundles; fibrous massive [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How do the planets stay in orbit around the sun? | Cool Cosmos How do the planets stay in orbit around the sun? | Cool Cosmos [PAR] [PAR] How do the planets stay in orbit around the sun? [PAR] The Solar System was formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust which spun around a newly forming star, our Sun, at its center. The planets all formed from this spinning disk-shaped cloud, and continued this rotating course around the Sun after they were formed. The gravity of the Sun keeps the planets in their orbits. They stay in their orbits because there is no other force in the Solar System which can stop them. [PAR] Continue the conversation on[DOC] [TLE] What Are the Forces That Keep All Planets in Orbit? | The ... What Are the Forces That Keep All Planets in Orbit? | The Classroom | Synonym [PAR] What Are the Forces That Keep All Planets in Orbit? [PAR] by J. Eric Loberg [PAR] What Are the Forces That Keep All Planets in Orbit? [PAR] What Are the Forces That Keep All Planets in Orbit? [PAR] An orbit is when one object circles around another object. Find out about the forces that keep all planets in orbit with help from the manager, lecturer and program planner at the Taylor Planetarium at the World renown Museum of the Rockies in this free video clip. [PAR] URL: [PAR] Embed: [PAR] Video Transcript [PAR] I'm Eric Loberg, director of the Taylor Planetarium at the Museum of the Rockies. I'm going to discuss which forces keep an object in orbit. An orbit is when one object circles around another object. And so that could be a moon going around a planet. Or that could be our planet earth going around the sun. It doesn't really matter, all the forces remain the same. There are two major forces that keep these in orbit. One of the forces is gravity. Gravity is always pulling on everything. If something has a bigger mass it pulls more. Gravity makes the smaller object fall into a bigger object. The bigger object has more mass the small object is trying to fall into it all the time. And so gravity is pulling the smaller object be it the earth falling into the sun. Or the moon falling into the earth. There's another force though and that's momentum. Momentum is always keeping these objects on their path. And so our moon is constantly on the path around the earth. Or the earth is constantly on the path around the sun. These two forces have to remain in perfect balance. If anything changes the other force has to change as well. This is Newton's first law. Any object that tends to go in motion has to stay in motion as well. And so we have two motions. We have the orbit that's going all the way around. And gravity that's pulling it in. If either of these changes the other would change as well. So lets say our big planet simply disappeared. Well that moon all of a sudden doesn't have a gravitational pull and it would just shoot off into space. Or lets say that the moon suddenly stops. All of a sudden it's momentum around the planet or the sun would stop and that moon would shift and fall into either the planet or the sun. It fall into the larger object of mass. And so the two forces together combined are what keeps that planet in orbit. My name is Eric Loberg with the Taylor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mars is Named After- Universe Today Mars is Named After... - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Jerry Coffey [PAR] Mars is named after the Roman god of war. Many believe that ancient peoples associated Mars with bloodshed and war because of its red color. The Romans were not the only society to associate the planet with bloodshed. The ancient Babylonians called it Nergal, after their god of fire, war, and destruction. In keeping with the planet\u2019s association with the god Mars, its symbol is a circle with an arrow pointing outwards from its right corner. This is meant to represent Mar\u2019s shield and spear. [PAR] That information is not nearly enough to satisfy anyone\u2019s interest in the Red Planet, so here are a few interesting facts about Mars and its environs. [PAR] The largest mountain in the Solar System is on Mars. Olympus Mons is 27 km tall. It is a shield volcano that was able to erupt for million of years because Mars does not have tectonic plate movement. This allowed the same volcanic hotspot to erupt undisturbed until the giant mountain was formed. [PAR] The chemical symbol for iron is the same as the astronomical symbol for Mars. This is fitting, since the planet gets its reddish appearance from the iron oxide in the dust on its surface. [PAR] A year on Mars lasts 686.98 Earth days or 1.88 Earth years. There are four seasons throughout the year like here on Earth, but each season is longer than a typical Earth season. [PAR] Mars is full of water. Not liquid water like we see here on Earth, but water ice under the surface and at the bottom of craters. There is even evidence that there may be ice inside of caves on the Martian surface. These deposits are safe from the solar radiation that bombards the surface, so they are able to stay in place. [PAR] Mars does not have a magnetic field at this time, but spacecraft have detected residual magnetism in rocks on the surface. That would suggest an active magnetic field millions, if not billions, of years ago. Scientist believe that the core of Mars has become too solid to rotate and is no longer capable of generating a dynamo effect. A dynamo effect is essential in producing a magnetic field. [PAR] These are just a few of the interesting facts beyond who Mars is named after. Pay special attention to information generated by the Mars Express spacecraft. It has turned up a great deal of interesting data on, and under, the Martian surface. [PAR] In case you\u2019re wondering, here\u2019s how Jupiter got its name . [PAR] Here\u2019s some historical information on Mars, the god of war, and more on Ares , the Greek version of Mars. [PAR] Finally, if you\u2019d like to learn more about Mars in general, we have done several podcast episodes about the Red Planet at Astronomy Cast. Episode 52: Mars , and Episode 91: The Search for Water on Mars . [PAR] Sources:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Solar System Planets: Order of the 8 (or 9) Planets Solar System Planets: Order of the 8 (or 9) Planets [PAR] Solar System Planets: Order of the 8 (or 9) Planets [PAR] By Robert Roy Britt | [PAR] January 22, 2016 12:35pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The planets of the solar system as depicted by a NASA computer illustration. Orbits and sizes are not shown to scale. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Ever since the discovery of Pluto in 1930, kids grew up learning about the nine planets of our solar system. That all changed starting in the late 1990s, when astronomers began to argue about whether Pluto was a planet. In a highly controversial decision , the International Astronomical Union ultimately decided in 2006 to call Pluto a \u201cdwarf planet,\u201d reducing the list of \u201creal planets\u201d in our solar system to eight. [PAR] However, astronomers are now hunting for another planet in our solar system, a true ninth planet , after evidence of its existence was unveiled on Jan. 20, 2016. The so-called \"Planet Nine,\" as scientists are calling it, is about 10 times the mass of Earth and 5,000 times the mass of Pluto. [PAR] [ Solar System Pictures: A Photo Tour ] [PAR] If you insist on including Pluto , then that world would come after Neptune on the list; Pluto is truly way out there, and on a wildly tilted, elliptical orbit (two of the several reasons it got demoted). Interestingly, Pluto used to be the eighth planet, actually. More on that below. [PAR] Terrestrial planets [PAR] The inner four worlds are called \u201c terrestrial planets ,\u201d because, like Earth, their surfaces are all rocky. Pluto, too, has a solid surface (and a very frozen one) but has never been grouped with the four terrestrials. [PAR] Jovian planets [PAR] The four large outer worlds \u2014 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune \u2014 are known as the \u201cJovian planets\u201d (meaning \u201cJupiter-like\u201d) because they are all huge compared to the terrestrial planets, and because they are gaseous in nature rather than having rocky surfaces (though some or all of them may have solid cores, astronomers say). According to NASA , \"two of the outer planets beyond the orbit of Mars \u2014 Jupiter and Saturn \u2014 are known as gas giants; the more distant Uranus and Neptune are called ice giants.\" This is because, while the first two are dominated by gas, while the last two have more ice. All four contain mostly hydrogen and helium. [PAR] Dwarf planets [PAR] The IAU definition of a full-fledged planet goes like this: A body that circles the sun without being some other object's satellite, is large enough to be rounded by its own gravity (but not so big that it begins to undergo nuclear fusion, like a star) and has \"cleared its neighborhood\" of most other orbiting bodies. Yeah, that\u2019s a mouthful. [PAR] The problem for Pluto, besides its small size and offbeat orbit, is that it shares its space with lots of other objects in the Kuiper Belt , beyond Neptune. Still, the demotion of Pluto remains controversial . [PAR] The IAU planet definition puts other small, round worlds in the dwarf planet category, including the Kuiper Belt objects Eris , Haumea , and Makemake . [PAR] Also now a dwarf planet is Ceres , a round object in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres was actually considered a planet when discovered in 1801 and then later deemed to be an asteroid. Some astronomers like to consider Ceres as a 10th planet (not to be confused with Nibiru"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planets | Scholastic.com Planets | Scholastic [PAR] Grades [PAR] 3\u20135, 6\u20138, 9\u201312 [PAR] The following questions were answered by astronomer Dr. Cathy Imhoff of the Space Telescope Science Institute. [PAR] Do all the planets have seasons? [PAR] What causes seasons? Earth is tilted with respect to its orbit around the sun. So when our North Pole is tilted toward the sun, we get summer in the Northern Hemisphere (winter in the south). When the South Pole is tilted toward the sun, we get winter. So if a planet is tilted with respect to its orbit around the sun, it should have seasons. Here are the numbers that I was able to find this morning (as of September 1994) Venus \u2014 23 degrees tilt, Earth \u2014 23.5, Mars \u2014 24, Jupiter \u2014 3, Saturn \u2014 27, Uranus \u2014 98, Neptune \u2014 29. [PAR] But you can see that most of the planets have tilts like Earth, so they must have seasons. As I noted above, we definitely see seasons on Mars. In winter its ice caps grow, in summer they shrink. Jupiter has very little tilt, so it doesn't experience noticeable seasons. But Neptune is turned all the way over on its side! It must have very strange seasons! [PAR] How did the planets get their names? [PAR] Five of the planets were known to people thousands of years ago. They are bright enough to be seen with the naked eye and they move with respect to the stars. The name planet comes from the Greek word for \"wanderer.\" I'm sure that people in different lands had various names for them, but the names we use come from the ancient Greeks and Romans. They named the planets for some of their gods. Mercury was the Roman god of commerce and cunning, and also messenger to the gods. Venus was the goddess of love. Mars was the god of war. Jupiter was the chief god. Saturn was the god of agriculture. When the next planet was found by Sir William Herschel in 1781, there was quite a debate about what to name it. Finally everyone decided to stay with the Roman names from mythology. So the new planet was finally named Uranus, for the father of the Titans. The next planet was named Neptune, for the god of the seas. And Pluto was named for the god of the underworld. Most of the moons and some asteroids are also named from Roman mythology. [PAR] What was the first planet discovered? Who discovered it? What kind of equipment did they use? [PAR] Five planets have been known since ancient times \u2014 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The first new planet discovered was Uranus. It was discovered by the English astronomer Sir William Herschel in 1781. Herschel was one of the first modern astronomers. His patron was King George III of England (the same King George from the time of the American Revolution!). Herschel wanted to name the planet after King George, but nobody else liked that so they gave it the name Uranus. [PAR] Herschel and his sister Charlotte (who was an astronomer in her own right) used several reflecting telescopes, some of the first based on a design invented by Sir Isaac Newton. The largest was over 40 feet long and had a mirror 48 inches across. It was held up with a framework of wood, and they had to have helpers move it around using ropes and pulleys. It was the largest telescope in the world until over 100 years later. [PAR] Which planet was formed first and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Here's how long a day lasts on other planets of the solar ... How Long Is A Day On The Other Planets Of The Solar System? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Long Is A Day On The Other Planets Of The Solar System? [PAR] Article Updated: 24 Jan , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Here on Earth, we tend to take time for granted, never suspected that the increments with which we measure it are actually quite relative. The ways in which we measure our days and years, for example, are actually the result of our planet\u2019s distance from the Sun, the time it takes to orbit, and the time it takes to rotate on its axis. The same is true for the other planets in our Solar System. [PAR] While we Earthlings count on a day being about 24 hours from sunup to sunup, the length of a single day on another planet is quite different. In some cases, they are very short, while in others, they can last longer than years \u2013 sometimes considerably! Let\u2019s go over how time works on other planets and see just how long their days can be, shall we? [PAR] A Day On Mercury: [PAR] Mercury is the closest planet to our Sun, ranging from 46,001,200 km at perihelion (closest to the Sun) to 69,816,900 km at aphelion (farthest). Since it takes 58.646 Earth days for Mercury to rotate once on its axis \u2013 aka. its sidereal rotation period \u2013 this means that it takes just over 58 Earth days for Mercury to experience a single day. [PAR] However, this is not to say that Mercury experiences two sunrises in just over 58 days. Due to its proximity to the Sun and rapid speed with which it circles it, it takes the equivalent of 175.97 Earth days for the Sun to reappear in the same place in the sky. Hence, while the planet rotates once every 58 Earth days, it is roughly 176 days from one sunrise to the next on Mercury. [PAR] Images of Mercury\u2019s northern polar region, provided by MESSENGER. Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] What\u2019s more, it only takes Mercury 87.969 Earth days to complete a single orbit of the Sun (aka. its orbital period). This means a year on Mercury is the equivalent of about 88 Earth days, which in turn means that a single Mercurian (or Hermian) year lasts just half as long as a Mercurian day. [PAR] What\u2019s more, Mercury\u2019s northern polar regions are constantly in the shade. This is due to it\u2019s axis being tilted at a mere 0.034\u00b0 (compared to Earth\u2019s 23.4\u00b0), which means that it does not experience extreme seasonal variations where days and nights can last for months depending on the season. On the poles of Mercury, it is always dark and shady. So you could say the poles are in a constant state of twilight. [PAR] A Day On Venus: [PAR] Also known as \u201cEarth\u2019s Twin\u201d, Venus is the second closest planet to our Sun \u2013 ranging from 107,477,000 km at perihelion to 108,939,000 km at aphelion. Unfortunately, Venus is also the slowest moving planet, a fact which is made evident by looking at its poles. Whereas every other planet in the Solar System has experienced flattening at their poles due to the speed of their spin, Venus has experienced no such flattening. [PAR] Venus has a rotational velocity of just 6.5 km/h (4.0 mph) \u2013 compared to Earth\u2019s rational velocity of 1,670 km/h (1,040 mph) \u2013 which leads to a sidereal rotation period of 243.025 days. Technically,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does Natural satellite mean? - Definitions.net What does Natural satellite mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word Natural satellite [PAR] Freebase(4.60 / 5 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Natural satellite [PAR] A natural satellite, or moon, is a celestial body that orbits another body, e.g. a planet, which is called its primary. There are 173 known natural satellites orbiting planets in the Solar System, as well as at least eight orbiting IAU-listed dwarf planets. As of January 2012, over 200 minor-planet moons have been discovered. There are 76 known objects in the asteroid belt with satellites, four Jupiter trojans, 39 near-Earth objects, and 14 Mars-crossers. There are also 84 known natural satellites of trans-Neptunian objects. Some 150 additional small bodies have been observed within rings of Saturn, but only a few were tracked long enough to establish orbits. Planets around other stars are likely to have satellites as well, though numerous candidates have been detected to date, none have yet been confirmed. Of the inner planets, Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites; Earth has one large natural satellite, known as the Moon; and Mars has two tiny natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos. The large gas giants have extensive systems of natural satellites, including half a dozen comparable in size to Earth's Moon: the four Galilean moons, Saturn's Titan, and Neptune's Triton. Saturn has an additional six mid-sized natural satellites massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, and Uranus has five. It has been suggested that some satellites may potentially harbour life, though there is currently no direct evidence of life. [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of Natural satellite in Chaldean Numerology is: 6 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First man in space - Apr 12, 1961 - HISTORY.com First man in space - Apr 12, 1961 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First man in space [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On April 12, 1961, aboard the spacecraft Vostok 1, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin becomes the first human being to travel into space. During the flight, the 27-year-old test pilot and industrial technician also became the first man to orbit the planet, a feat accomplished by his space capsule in 89 minutes. Vostok 1 orbited Earth at a maximum altitude of 187 miles and was guided entirely by an automatic control system. The only statement attributed to Gagarin during his one hour and 48 minutes in space was, \u201cFlight is proceeding normally; I am well.\u201d [PAR] After his historic feat was announced, the attractive and unassuming Gagarin became an instant worldwide celebrity. He was awarded the Order of Lenin and given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Monuments were raised to him across the Soviet Union and streets renamed in his honor. [PAR] The triumph of the Soviet space program in putting the first man into space was a great blow to the United States, which had scheduled its first space flight for May 1961. Moreover, Gagarin had orbited Earth, a feat that eluded the U.S. space program until February 1962, when astronaut John Glenn made three orbits in Friendship 7. By that time, the Soviet Union had already made another leap ahead in the \u201cspace race\u201d with the August 1961 flight of cosmonaut Gherman Titov in Vostok 2. Titov made 17 orbits and spent more than 25 hours in space. [PAR] To Soviet propagandists, the Soviet conquest of space was evidence of the supremacy of communism over capitalism. However, to those who worked on the Vostok program and earlier on Sputnik (which launched the first satellite into space in 1957), the successes were attributable chiefly to the brilliance of one man: Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Because of his controversial past, Chief Designer Korolev was unknown in the West and to all but insiders in the USSR until his death in 1966. [PAR] Born in the Ukraine in 1906, Korolev was part of a scientific team that launched the first Soviet liquid-fueled rocket in 1933. In 1938, his military sponsor fell prey to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin\u2019s purges, and Korolev and his colleagues were also put on trial. Convicted of treason and sabotage, Korolev was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp. The Soviet authorities came to fear German rocket advances, however, and after only a year Korolev was put in charge of a prison design bureau and ordered to continue his rocketry work. [PAR] In 1945, Korolev was sent to Germany to learn about the V-2 rocket, which had been used to devastating effect by the Nazis against the British. The Americans had captured the rocket\u2019s designer, Wernher von Braun, who later became head of the U.S. space program, but the Soviets acquired a fair amount of V-2 resources, including rockets, launch facilities, blueprints, and a few German V-2 technicians. By employing this technology and his own considerable engineering talents, by 1954 Korolev had built a rocket that could carry a five-ton nuclear warhead and in 1957 launched the first intercontinental ballistic missile. [PAR] That year, Korolev\u2019s plan to launch a satellite into space was approved, and on October 4, 1957, Sputnik 1 was fired into Earth\u2019s orbit. It was the first Soviet victory of the space race, and Korolev, still technically a prisoner, was officially rehabilitated. The Soviet space program under Korolev would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Voyagers are leaving the Solar System - Space Today Online Space Today Online - Voyager spacecraft are leaving the Solar System [PAR] NASA's Voyager probes carry messages for extraterrestrial civilizations: [PAR] greetings from humans and whales, some of Earth's greatest music, brainwaves of a woman in love. [PAR] Click to enlarge NASA artist concept of Voyager 1 and 2 [PAR] NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft is the most distant human-made object in the universe. [PAR] Its twin, Voyager 2, has traveled to more planets than any other in history. [PAR] The spacecraft twins, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, were launched by NASA during the summer of 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. [PAR] Barring any fatal equipment failures, the Voyager twins are likely to survive and relay data from beyond the outer planets for many decades into the 21st century. [PAR] Today, in a dark, cold, vacant neighborhood at the very edge of our Solar System, NASA's Voyager 1 deep space probe holds the record as the Earth explorer that has traveled farthest from home. [PAR] Voyager 1 [PAR] When Voyager I was launched in 1977 to study and photograph the giant outer planets of the Solar System, the robot ship was expected to survive just four years. However, like the battery advertising icon, the Energizer Bunny, the little spacecraft kept on going. [PAR] For 25 years, the Pioneer 10 spacecraft led the way outbound, pressing the frontiers of exploration, but in 1998 the baton was passed from Pioneer 10 to Voyager 1, according to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, California. [PAR] Voyagers Timeline [PAR] SOURCES: NASA JPL , STO [PAR] On Feb. 17, 1998, the Voyager 1 spacecraft cruised beyond the Pioneer 10 spacecraft and become the most distant human-created object in space. At that time, it was 6.5 billion miles from Earth. Pioneer 10 and Voyager 1 are headed in almost opposite directions away from the Sun. [PAR] The twins, Voyager 1 and 2, opened new vistas for the human race by expanding our knowledge of Jupiter and Saturn. Voyager 2 then extended our great planetary adventure when it flew by Uranus and Neptune, becoming the only spacecraft ever to visit these worlds. (None has ever visited Pluto.) [PAR] Voyager 1, now the most distant human-made object in the Universe, and Voyager 2, close on its heels, continue their ground-breaking journey with their current mission to study the region in space where the Sun's influence ends and the dark recesses of interstellar space begin. [PAR] Voyager 1 is almost 70 times farther from the Sun than the Earth. Out there, the Sun is only 1/5,000th as bright as here on Earth. It is extremely cold, and there is little solar energy to keep the probe warm and to provide electrical power. [PAR] The probe can continue to operate at such great distances from the Sun because it has radioisotope thermal electric generators (RTGs) that create electricity. The fact that the spacecraft is still returning data is a remarkable technical achievement. [PAR] Voyager flight path. Voyager 1 was launched from Cape Canaveral on Sept. 5, 1977. It flew by Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and then Saturn on Nov. 12, 1980. Because its trajectory was designed to fly close to Saturn's large moon Titan, Voyager 1's path was bent northward by Saturn's gravity. That sent the spacecraft out of the Solar System's ecliptic plane -- the plane in which all the planets, except Pluto, orbit the Sun. [PAR] On Feb. 17, 1998, Voyager 1 was departing the Solar System at a speed of 39,000 miles per hour. At"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Formation of Planetary Nebulae - Cosmotography Formation of Planetary Nebulae [PAR] Home [PAR] The Not-so-Ordinary Life of a Typical Star [PAR] Scattered like diamond chips across the Cosmos, stars look deceptively serene to earthbound observers. However, nothing could be farther from true because each one is a creature of unimaginable violence. Constant and unchanging, the nighttime stellar canopy appears essentially the same to us as it did to the ancient Greeks. But, this perception is misleading because, like people, even stars follow a cycle of birth and death. [PAR] A star, like our Sun, begins its life as a vast cloud of gas and dust drifting among the apparently empty spaces between the stars. These clouds of sparse material are truly immense and often span hundreds or thousands of light years in all directions. Even though they contain fewer atoms than the best vacuum on Earth, the total amount of material in an interstellar cloud, also known as its mass, is truly astronomical. Most of the stuff in one of these clouds is hydrogen, the simplest and most abundant element in the Universe, but they also contain other, more complex, elements, too. [PAR] For example, the cloud of dust and gas that formed our Sun must have included material from a previous generation star that blew itself apart. We suspect this because our Sun, and all of its planets including Earth, contain heavy elements that could only have been forged in the heart of a larger, long gone star that went supernova. Stars, like factories, create complex elements from hydrogen and release radiation as a by-product of their creation. [PAR] The life cycle of a typical star like our Sun. [PAR] Illustration credit: Wikipedia [PAR] For billions of years interstellar clouds wander more or less aimlessly between their starry relatives until they receive a gravitational nudge, possibly from a nearby exploding star or the close passing of another galaxy. Significantly, once the cloud is pushed, events take on a life of their own and the material begins to contract inward under its own massive weight. As the dust particles and gas molecules move toward the cloud's center, they inevitably begin bumping into each other. Like rubbing your hands together, this generates heat. [PAR] Stellar womb- am artist's impression of the central region inside an interstellar cloud where gravity is forging new stars. [PAR] Illustration credit: M. Kornmesser/ESO [PAR] Over time, these molecular collisions became more frequent. Eventually, the core of the cloud becomes so squeezed by gravity that pressures exceeded billions of atmospheres and temperatures reach over 50 million degrees. At this temperature, hydrogen nuclei collide with such speed, a thermonuclear reaction, known as fusion, is triggered. Fusion is the same process released when a hydrogen bomb is exploded. However, the amount of energy produced by a star is billions of times greater than any man-made nuclear weapon. [PAR] When fusion commences, hydrogen is converted into the next heaviest element (helium) and a tremendous amount of energy is released in the form of photons. As the photons rush from the core of the cloud, they push back on the inward pressure of gravity, which is still trying to compress the cloud, until an equilibrium is achieved and the cloud's collapse ceases. Eventually the photons escape into space as visible light and other forms of invisible radiation and the star is born. Thus, a star is a balance between the unrelenting inward pull of gravity and the ongoing thermonuclear explosion pushing back from its core. [PAR] Phase One- Nothing lasts forever [PAR] Although, most of a star's volume is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long it Takes for Each Planet to Orbit the Sun How Long it Takes for Each Planet to Orbit the Sun [PAR] How Long it Takes for Each Planet to Orbit the Sun [PAR] How Long it Takes for Each Planet to Orbit the Sun [PAR] If one was asked the questions, \u03bf\u038f\u00bdHow long is a day?\u03bf\u038f\u00bd and \u03bf\u038f\u00bdHow long is a year?\u03bf\u038f\u00bd they would probably be very offended by such a simple question. A day is 24 hours, while a year is 365 days long, 366 during a leap year. In the basic sense, this answer would be correct, but the answer really only applies to Earth. On different planets, there are very different times of what constitutes a \u03bf\u038f\u00bdday,\u03bf\u038f\u00bd which is the time it takes for a planet to complete one turn of its axis and a \u03bf\u038f\u00bdyear,\u03bf\u038f\u00bd which equivocates to the time it takes a planet to completely orbit around the sun. Planets that are closer to the sun do not take as long to complete their orbit and subsequently have shorter years than our planet. Alternatively, planets that are far away, such as Neptune or Saturn, take a very long time to completely orbit around the sun. Interestingly enough however, it seems to be the farther a planet is away from the sun, the faster they can complete a turn of their access. This means that although far reaching planets have longer years, their days are actually shorter than Earth\u03bf\u038f\u00bds. [PAR] In terms of the four closest planets to the sun, excluding Earth, it can be seen how distance from the planet effects the time it takes for each planet to orbit the sun. Mercury, the first planet in our solar system can completely orbit around the sun in a mere 88 Earth Days, but nearly takes 60 days to complete a turn of its axis. Venus, which is the closet planet to Earth, takes 224 days to orbit around the sun. Oddly enough Venus takes longer to complete a rotation of its axis, 243 days, than it does to completely orbit the sun. Mars, one of the closest planets to Earth in size takes around 686.97 days to orbit around the earth and has a nearly identical day of 24.3 hours. [PAR] The last four planets of the sun, demonstrate the immense effect of distance on the time it takes for a planet to rotate around the sun. Jupiter, the solar system\u03bf\u038f\u00bds largest planet, takes 4,331.572 days to orbit around the sun, but the fast turning planet only takes 9.8 hours to completely rotate on its axis. Saturn takes more than double the time of Jupiter to orbit the sun with a time of 10,832.33 days, but has nearly an identical time to rotate on its axis with 10.2 hours. Uranus and Neptune are the two farthest planets from the sun and the time it takes for them to orbit around the sun reflects this. Uranus takes 30,7999.09 days to orbit around the sun, which is impressive but cannot compare to the 60,190 days it takes Neptune to complete the same task. However, Uranus and Neptune have comparable rotation times of 17.14 and 16 hours respectively. [PAR] Next time you\u03bf\u038f\u00bdre asked about how long a year or a day is, make sure to not fall into the boring perspective of only thinking about your planet. Giving the answer that a year on Neptune is more than 60,000 days or a day on Jupiter is less than 10 hours is a lot more interesting."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jupiter's Moon Ganymede - Universe Today Jupiter's Moon Ganymede - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] In 1610, Galileo Galilei looked up at the night sky through a telescope of his own design . Spotting Jupiter, he noted the presence of several \u201cluminous objects\u201d surrounding it, which he initially took for stars. In time, he would notice that these \u201cstars\u201d were orbiting the planet, and realized that they were in fact Jupiter\u2019s moons \u2013 which would come to be named Io , Europa , Ganymede and Callisto . [PAR] Of these, Ganymede is the largest, and boasts many fascinating characteristics. In addition to being the largest moon in the Solar System, it is also larger than even the planet Mercury. It is the only satellite in the Solar System known to possess a magnetosphere, has a thin oxygen atmosphere, and (much like its fellow-moons, Europa and Callisto) is believed to have an interior ocean. [PAR] Discovery and Naming: [PAR] Though Chinese astronomical records claim that astronomer Gan De may have spotted a moon of Jupiter (probably Ganymede) with the naked eye as early as 365 BCE, Galileo Galilei is credited with making the first recorded observation of Ganymede on January 7th, 1610 using his telescope. Together with Io, Europa and Callisto, he named them the \u201cMedicean Stars\u201d at the time \u2013 after his patron, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo de\u2019 Medici. [PAR] Simon Marius, a German astronomer and contemporary of Galileo\u2019s who claimed to have independently discovered Ganymede, suggested alternative names at the behest of Johannes Kepler. However, the names of Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto \u2013 which were all taken from classical mythology \u2013 would not come to formally be adopted until the 20th century. [PAR] Illustration of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites. Credit: NASA [PAR] Prior to this, the Galilean Moons were named Jupiter I through IV based on their proximity to the planet (with Ganymede designated as Jupiter III). Following the discovery of the moons of Saturn, a naming system based on that of Kepler and Marius was used for Jupiter\u2019s moons. In Greek mythology, Ganymede was the son of King Tros (aka. Ilion), the namesake of the city of Troy (Ilium). [PAR] Size, Mass and Orbit: [PAR] With a mean radius of 2634.1 \u00b1 0.3 kilometers (the equivalent of 0.413 Earths), Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar System and is even larger than the planet Mercury. However, with a mass of 1.4819 x 10\u00b2\u00b3 kg (the equivalent of 0.025 Earths), it is only half as massive. This is due to Ganymede\u2019s composition, which consists of water ice and silicate rock (see below). [PAR] Ganymede\u2019s orbit has a minor eccentricity of 0.0013, with an average distance (semi-major axis) of 1,070,400 km \u2013 varying from 1,069,200 km at periapsis to at 1,071,600 km apoapsis. Ganymede takes seven days and three hours to completes a single revolution. Like most known moons, Ganymede is tidally locked, with one side always facing toward the planet. [PAR] Its orbit is inclined to the Jovian equator, with the eccentricity and inclination changing quasi-periodically due to solar and planetary gravitational perturbations on a timescale of centuries. These orbital variations cause the axial tilt to vary between 0 and 0.33\u00b0. Ganymede has a 4:1 orbital resonance with Io and a 2:1 resonance with Europa. [PAR] Ganymede is the largest satellite in our solar system, larger than Mercury and Pluto, and three-quarters the size of Mars. Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Essentially, this means that Io orbits Jupiter four times (and Europa twice) for every orbit made by Ganymede."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Non-Singular Black Holes - One Universe at a Time Non-Singular Black Holes - One Universe at a Time [PAR] One Universe at a Time [PAR] In Black Holes by Brian Koberlein [PAR] 13 May 2014 [PAR] 4 Comments [PAR] The basic model of a black hole can be summed up as follows: gravity wins. The root cause of all black holes\u2014be they tiny primordial black holes, solar mass black holes, or supermassive galactic black holes\u2014is gravity. Squeeze enough mass into a small enough volume and gravity does the rest. [PAR] The problem (at least according to general relativity) is that gravity does its job too well. Once matter enters a black hole, it simply cannot resist the pull of gravity. As a result all the matter within a black hole is squeezed down to a point of zero volume and infinite density, known as a singularity. [PAR] Black hole singularities have long been the bugaboo of gravitational physics. They cause several problems, not the least of which is that the laws of physics as we understand them break down near the singularity. As a result there has been a lot of research on trying to eliminate singularities from our theoretical models. [PAR] One way to get around singularities is by simply ignoring them. When black holes form, they become enclosed by an event horizon. A black hole\u2019s event horizon is a kind of cosmic roach motel. Matter and energy can fall into a black hole, but anything that crosses the event horizon is forever stuck inside. Since the singularity always resides within the event horizon, we can never observe it from the outside. The singularity remains safely hidden from view. Roger Penrose even went so far as to propose the cosmic censorship hypothesis, which argues that every singularity must be enclosed by an event horizon, which hides it from the universe. [PAR] But this hypothesis has never been proven in general, and several theoretical counter-examples (known as naked singularities) have been found. It would seem then that simply hiding singularities doesn\u2019t solve the problem. Another approach to the problem is to find a mechanism by which the singularity never forms in the first place. [PAR] Most of the effort in this area has been to find patchwork solutions to Einstein\u2019s equations for general relativity. That is, patch together a black hole solution outside the event horizon (the exterior solution) with a non-singular solution inside the event horizon (the interior solution). By mathematically sewing the two solutions together, one gets a non-singular black hole. These solutions demonstrate that non-singular black holes are theoretically possible, but they say nothing about how such a black hole might form. [PAR] Recently, however, Mbonye and Kazanas have found an exact solution to Einstein\u2019s equations which contains no central singularity . Mbonye and Kazanas arrived at their solution by assuming a black hole contains exotic matter. [PAR] Exotic matter is a theoretical material which has a negative energy density instead of the usual positive energy density. This negative energy density means that exotic matter can hold its own against gravity. When ordinary matter is squeezed by gravity, its energy density goes up. This higher energy density means gravity squeezes even more strongly, which means an even higher energy density, and so on. It is this feedback loop which means that gravity wins in the end. The harder gravity squeezes, the harder it can squeeze, until all that remains is the singularity. [PAR] But exotic matter works differently. When gravity squeezes on exotic matter, its energy density goes down. This means gravity can\u2019t win no"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Titan, Largest Moon of Saturn, Explained (Infographic) Titan, Largest Moon of Saturn, Explained (Infographic) [PAR] Find out the facts about Titan's heavy atmosphere, lakes of hydrocarbons and the possibility of life. [PAR] Credit: Karl Tate, SPACE.com contributor [PAR] [PAR] Discovered in the year 1655, Titan is the largest of Saturn\u2019s 62 charted moons. Titan is the only moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere and stable bodies of liquid on its surface. [PAR] The environment on Titan is deadly to human life, with a toxic atmosphere consisting mostly of nitrogen and methane. The surface temperature is minus 290 degrees F (minus 179 degrees C). [PAR] Titan, 3,200 miles (5,150 kilometers) in diameter, is the second-largest moon in the solar system, one-and-a-half times the size of Earth\u2019s moon . Titan is larger than the planet Mercury and is three-quarters the size of Mars. [ Amazing Photos of Titan ] [PAR] In 2005, the Huygens lander revealed the surface of Titan is a wasteland of water ice and frozen hydrocarbons. Despite its lack of liquid water, some scientists believe Titan may support life, now or in the distant future when the sun\u2019s heat increases. [PAR] A rain of liquid ethane and methane falls to form lakes, making Titan the only planet or moon apart from Earth known to have liquid on its surface. In addition, some scientists think Titan may have large sub-surface oceans of liquid ammonia. Radar images of Titan\u2019s north polar region show presumed lakes of liquid hydrocarbons."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Biggest Planet in the Solar System? - Universe ... What is the Biggest Planet in the Solar System? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] What is the Biggest Planet in the Solar System? [PAR] Article Updated: 23 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Ever since the invention of the telescope four hundred years ago, astronomers have been fascinated by the gas giant of Jupiter. Between it\u2019s constant, swirling clouds, its many, many moons, and its Giant Red Spot, there are many things about this planet that are both delightful and fascinating. [PAR] But perhaps the most impressive feature about Jupiter is its sheer size. In terms of mass, volume, and surface area, Jupiter is the biggest planet in our Solar System by a wide margin. But just what makes Jupiter so massive, and what else do we know about it? [PAR] Size and Mass: [PAR] Jupiter\u2019s mass, volume, surface area and mean circumference are 1.8981 x 1027 kg, 1.43128 x 1015 km3, 6.1419 x 1010 km2, and 4.39264 x 105 km respectively. To put that in perspective, Jupiter diameter is roughly 11 times that of Earth, and 2.5 the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. [PAR] But, being a gas giant, Jupiter has a relatively low density \u2013 1.326 g/cm3 \u2013 which is less than one quarter of Earth\u2019s. This means that while Jupiter\u2019s volume is equivalent to about 1,321 Earths, it is only 318 times as massive. The low density is one way scientists are able to determine that it is made mostly of gases, though the debate still rages on what exists at its core (see below). [PAR] Composition: [PAR] Jupiter is composed primarily of gaseous and liquid matter. It is the largest of the gas giants, and like them, is divided between a gaseous outer atmosphere and an interior that is made up of denser materials. It\u2019s upper atmosphere is composed of about 88\u201392% hydrogen and 8\u201312% helium by percent volume of gas molecules, and approx. 75% hydrogen and 24% helium by mass, with the remaining one percent consisting of other elements. [PAR] This cut-away illustrates a model of the interior of Jupiter, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of liquid metallic hydrogen. Credit: Kelvinsong/Wikimedia Commons [PAR] The atmosphere contains trace amounts of methane, water vapor, ammonia, and silicon-based compounds as well as trace amounts of benzene and other hydrocarbons. There are also traces of carbon, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, and sulfur. Crystals of frozen ammonia have also been observed in the outermost layer of the atmosphere. [PAR] The interior contains denser materials, such that the distribution is roughly 71% hydrogen, 24% helium and 5% other elements by mass. It is believed that Jupiter\u2019s core is a dense mix of elements \u2013 a surrounding layer of liquid metallic hydrogen with some helium, and an outer layer predominantly of molecular hydrogen. The core has also been described as rocky, but this remains unknown as well. [PAR] In 1997, the existence of the core was suggested by gravitational measurements, indicating a mass of from 12 to 45 times the Earth\u2019s mass, or roughly 4%\u201314% of the total mass of Jupiter. The presence of a core is also supported by models of planetary formation that indicate how a rocky or icy core would have been necessary at some point in the planet\u2019s history in order to collect its bulk of hydrogen and helium from the protosolar nebula. [PAR] However, it is possible that this core has since shrunk due to convection currents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Smallest Planet in the Solar System ... What is the Smallest Planet in the Solar System? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] What is the Smallest Planet in the Solar System? [PAR] Article Updated: 24 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Fraser Cain [PAR] The smallest planet in the Solar System is Mercury (the biggest planet is Jupiter). For the longest time, the smallest planet was considered to be Pluto, but now Pluto isn\u2019t a planet any more, so we\u2019re back to Mercury. [PAR] Mercury measures 4879 km along its equator. Just for comparison, Earth is 12,742 km across. So Mercury is only 38% the diameter of Earth. In terms of volume, it\u2019s even less. Mercury has only 0.05 the volume of the Earth. In other words, if the Earth was a hollow shell, you could fit 20 Mercurys inside with room to spare. [PAR] Even though it\u2019s very small, Mercury is extremely dense. It\u2019s composed mostly of iron and rock, and so it has a density of 5.4 grams per cubic centimeter. Only Earth has a higher density, and that\u2019s partly due to our larger size compressing down the interior. If Mercury were the same size as Earth, it would be much denser. [PAR] If you could stand on the surface of Mercury, you would experience 38% of Earth\u2019s gravity. Even thought Mars is a larger planet, you would experience more gravity on Mercury because it\u2019s so dense. [PAR] And here\u2019s another take on the smallest planet in the Solar System , and here\u2019s a link to NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide . [PAR] We have recorded a whole series of podcasts about the Solar System at Astronomy Cast . Check them out here."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Age of Comets Article, Orbit Information, Solar System ... Age of Comets Article, Orbit Information, Solar System Facts -- National Geographic [PAR] No telescope was needed to see comet Hyakutake above the Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California, as it came within 9.3 million miles (15 million kilometers) of Earth in 1996. [PAR] Photograph by Don Bartletti [PAR] Written by William Newcott [PAR] Republished from the pages of National Geographic magazine [PAR] Whistling and moaning, a 50-mile-an-hour (80-kilometer-an-hour) wind whipped among the telescope domes atop Kitt Peak. Just a few feet below, turning gray in the dusk, slid a river of clouds that had been rising and dropping all day. And high above, comet Hale-Bopp hung suspended like a feathery fishing lure, its tail curving off a bit, as if blown to the side by the punishing wind. [PAR] One by one, stars winked on in a darkening sky. In each of the telescope domes, teams of astronomers prayed that the wind would drop below 40 miles per hour (64 kilometers an hour), the point at which they'd be able to open the sliding doors and get back to work. [PAR] The sky turned indigo. Then black. Viewed from the summit, 6,873 feet (2,095 meters) above Arizona's Sonoran Desert, Hale-Bopp's bright dust tail, along with a dimmer, all but transparent blue one, seemed to grow by degrees. Among the brightest comets ever seen, Hale-Bopp had been visible for months from midtown Manhattan, of all places. But here, on a moonless night in the mountains in the desert, the length of Hale-Bopp's tail became visible\u2014a wispy, delicate veil. [PAR] Along with eclipses, comets have been the most feared and admired sky spectacles of all. But while astronomers have been able to predict eclipses for thousands of years, only in the 1700s was a comet's return correctly predicted, by Edmond Halley. [PAR] Some comets swing around the sun every few years. Others, like Hale-Bopp, may take thousands of years. Most can be seen only with a telescope. But every once in a while\u2014a few times a century, perhaps\u2014an impressive one is visible to the naked eye. And in the past two years the world has witnessed not one but two of them. [PAR] Hyakutake in 1996 had one of the longest tails on record, stretching more than halfway across the sky; Hale-Bopp in 1997 had one of the most brilliant heads, nearly as bright as the star Sirius. Add the Jupiter crash of comet Shoemaker-Levy in 1994, Halley's most recent visit in 1986, vivid comet West in 1976, and the scientifically signifiant\u2014if visually disappointing\u2014Kohoutek in 1973-74, and you could say that we are indeed living in the age of comets. [PAR] Hovering in the most fragile of gravitational balances, a fleet of dirty, lumpy snowballs numbering in the trillions is barely held in orbit by the pull of the sun. They are stored in the Oort cloud, a huge, diffuse sphere of cometary nuclei in the far reaches of the solar system. Close to the sun, yet still beyond Neptune, circle what may well be their brethren, in a great disk called the Kuiper belt. [PAR] Comets are leftovers, scraps of material that didn't make it to planethood in the events creating our solar system. Once, many astronomers believe, the solar system was full of comet nuclei, chunks of ice and dust left over from the formation of the sun. Most clumped together to form planets, leaving a relative handful\u2014averaging perhaps a few miles wide, with temperatures as low as minus 400 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 240 degrees Celsius)\u2014as time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NASA: If Jupiter and Saturn Are Gas Giants, Could You Fly ... If Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants, could you fly straight through them? [PAR] Audio recording of Dr. Marc reading this page. [PAR] Click play to hear me read this to you! [PAR] Our friends at the W.A. Gayle Planetarium in Montgomery, Alabama, are curious to know, if Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants, could you fly straight through them? [PAR] We think of a gas as something very . . . well, airy. After all, air is the gas we all know and love. We breathe it and fly planes right through it with no trouble. So it makes sense to think that a gas planet must be like a big, airy cloud floating out in space. [PAR] But take another look at Jupiter and Saturn\u2014or pictures of them. Notice how round they are. You will never see a cloud on Earth so nearly spherical. Why are Jupiter and Saturn so round if they are just gas? For that matter, why are any planets round? [PAR] Well, the short answer is\u2014gravity. Gravity causes all matter to be pulled toward all other matter. Let's think about this in more detail. When the planets were first forming, the solar system was a big, swirling disk of gas and dust, with the newborn Sun at the center. Bits of dust and clouds of gas were attracted to each other because of gravity. As these bits and clouds clumped, they attracted still more matter in their neighborhood and grew larger and larger until there was no longer any stray material nearby for them to attract. The growing planets were like big solar system vacuum cleaners, sweeping up all the debris in their paths. And they became round because gravity pulls equally toward the center of large masses such as planets, so anything sticking out gets pulled back to make a ball. [PAR] The bigger a planet becomes, the heavier is the material weighing down on its center. Think of how it feels to dive under water. If you are wearing a face mask, you notice that as you dive deeper, the mask presses harder and harder on your face. Also, your ears start feeling the pressure even at 2 or 3 meters (5 or 10 feet) below the surface. The pressure you feel on your body is due to the weight of the water above you. The deeper you go, the heavier the water above you and so the greater the pressure on your body. Even on Earth's surface, each square inch of your body experiences 14.7 pounds of pressure due to the weight of the atmosphere above you. If you could dive down to the center of Earth, the pressure on your body would be about 3.5 million times as great! The center of Jupiter is more than 11 times deeper than Earth's center and the pressure may be 50 million to 100 million times that on Earth's surface! [PAR] The tremendous pressure at the center of planets causes the temperatures there to be surprisingly high. At their cores, Jupiter and Saturn are much hotter than the surface of the Sun! [PAR] Strange things happen to matter under these extraordinary temperatures and pressures. Hydrogen, along with helium, is the main ingredient of Jupiter's and Saturn's atmospheres. Deep in their atmospheres, the hydrogen turns into a liquid. Deeper still, the liquid hydrogen turns into a metal! [PAR] But what's at the very center of these planets? The material becomes stranger and stranger the deeper you go. Scientists do not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Planets are in the Solar System? - Universe Today How Many Planets are in the Solar System? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Many Planets are in the Solar System? [PAR] Article Updated: 16 Oct , 2016 [PAR] I\u2019m just going to warn you, this is a controversial topic. Some people get pretty grumpy when you ask: how many planets are in the Solar System? Is it eight, ten, or more? [PAR] I promise you this, though, we\u2019re never going back to nine planets\u2026 ever. [PAR] When many of us grew up, there were nine planets in the Solar System. It was like a fixed point in our brains. [PAR] As kids, memorizing this list was an early right of passage of nerd pride: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. [PAR] But then in 2005, Mike Brown discovered Eris, an icy object thought to be about the same size as Pluto, out beyond its orbit. [PAR] That would bring the total number of planets to ten. Right? There\u2019s no turning back, textbooks would need to be changed. [PAR] In order to settle the dispute, the International Astronomical Union met in 2006, and argued for, and against Pluto\u2019s planethood. Some astronomers advocated widening the number of planets to twelve, including Pluto, its moon Charon, the Asteroid Ceres, and the newly discovered Eris. [PAR] In the end, they changed the definition of what makes a planet, and sadly, Pluto doesn\u2019t make the cut: [PAR] Here are the new requirements of planethood status: [PAR] A planet has to orbit the Sun. Okay fine, Pluto does that. [PAR] A planet needs enough gravity to pull itself into a sphere. Okay, spherical. Pluto\u2019s fine there too. [PAR] A planet needs to have cleared out its orbit of other objects. Uh oh, Pluto hasn\u2019t done that. [PAR] For example, planet Earth accounts for a million times the rest of the material in its orbit, while Pluto is just a fraction of the icy objects in its realm. [PAR] The final decision was to demote Pluto from planet to dwarf planet. [PAR] But don\u2019t despair, Pluto is in good company. [PAR] Ceres. Image credit: NASA [PAR] There\u2019s Ceres, the first asteroid ever discovered, and the smallest of the dwarf planets. The surface of Ceres is made of ice and rock, and it might even have a liquid ocean under its surface. NASA\u2019s Dawn mission is flying there right now to give us close up pictures for the first time. [PAR] Haumea, named after the Hawaiian goddess of fertility, is about a third the mass of Pluto, and has just enough gravity to pull itself into an ellipsoid, or egg shape. Even though it\u2019s smaller, it\u2019s got moons of its own. [PAR] Makemake. Credit: NASA [PAR] Makemake, a much larger Kuiper belt object, has a diameter about two-thirds the size of Pluto. It was discovered in 2005 by Mike Brown and his team. So far, Makemake doesn\u2019t seem to have any moons. [PAR] Eris is the most massive known dwarf planet, and the one that helped turn our definition of a planet upside-down. It\u2019s 27% more massive than Pluto and the ninth most massive body that orbits the Sun. It even has a moon: Dysnomia. [PAR] Pluto. Credit: ESO [PAR] And of course, Pluto. The founding member of the dwarf family. [PAR] Want an easy way to remember the eight planets, in order? Just remember this mnemonic: my very excellent mother just served us noodles. [PAR] For all you currently writing angry tweets to Mike Brown , hold"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planet Venus Facts: A Hot, Hellish & Volcanic ... - Space.com Planet Venus Facts: A Hot, Hellish & Volcanic Planet [PAR] Planet Venus Facts: A Hot, Hellish & Volcanic Planet [PAR] By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] November 4, 2014 09:01pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Venus, the second planet from the sun, is named for the Roman goddess of love and beauty. The planet \u2014 the only planet named after a female \u2014 may have been named for the most beautiful deity of her pantheon because it shone the brightest of the five planets known to ancient astronomers. [PAR] In ancient times, Venus was often thought to be two different stars, the evening star and the morning star \u2014 that is, the ones that first appeared at sunset and sunrise. In Latin, they were respectively known as Vesper and Lucifer. In Christian times, Lucifer, or \"light-bringer,\" became known as the name of Satan before his fall. [PAR] Physical characteristics [PAR] Venus and Earth are often called twins because they are similar in size , mass, density, composition and gravity. However, the similarities end there. [ Photos: Venus, the Mysterious Planet Next Door ] [PAR] Venus is the hottest world in the solar system. Although Venus is not the planet closest to the sun, its dense atmosphere traps heat in a runaway version of the greenhouse effect that warms Earth. As a result, temperatures on Venus reach 870 degrees Fahrenheit (465 degrees Celsius), more than hot enough to melt lead. Probes that scientists have landed there have survived only a few hours before being destroyed . [PAR] Venus has a hellish atmosphere as well, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide with clouds of sulfuric acid, and scientists have only detected trace amounts of water in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is heavier than that of any other planet, leading to a surface pressure 90 times that of Earth. [PAR] The surface of Venus is extremely dry. During its evolution, ultraviolet rays from the sun evaporated water quickly, keeping it in a prolonged molten state . There is no liquid water on its surface today because the scorching heat created by its ozone-filled atmosphere would cause any to boil away. Roughly two-thirds of the Venusian surface is covered by flat, smooth plains that are marred by thousands of volcanoes, some which are still active today , ranging from about 0.5 to 150 miles (0.8 to 240 kilometers) wide, with lava flows carving long, winding canals up to more than 3,000 miles (5,000 km) in length, longer than on any other planet. [PAR] Six mountainous regions make up about one-third of the Venusian surface. One mountain range, called Maxwell, is about 540 miles (870 km) long and reaches up to some 7 miles (11.3 km) high, making it the highest feature on the planet. [PAR] Venus also possesses a number of surface features unlike anything on Earth. For example, Venus has coronae, or crowns \u2014 ringlike structures that range from roughly 95 to 360 miles (155 to 580 km) wide. Scientists believe these formed when hot material beneath the crust rises up, warping the planet\u2019s surface. Venus also has tesserae, or tiles \u2014 raised areas in which many ridges and valleys have formed in different directions. [PAR] With conditions on Venus that could be described as infernal, the ancient name for Venus \u2014 Lucifer \u2014 seems to fit. However, this name did not carry any fiendish connotations; Lucifer means \"light-bringer,\" and when seen from Earth, Venus is brighter than any other planet or even any star in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astronomy - 2 | Britannica.com Astronomy - 2 | Britannica.com [PAR] Astronomy [PAR] science that encompasses the study of all extraterrestrial objects and phenomena. [PAR] Browse Subcategories: [PAR] (243) [PAR] Displaying 1 - 100 of 800 results [PAR] 51 Pegasi fifth-magnitude star located 48 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Pegasus, the first sunlike star confirmed to possess a planet. 51 Pegasi, which has physical properties (luminosity and temperature, for example) very similar to those of... [PAR] 61 Cygni first star whose distance from Earth was measured. German astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel obtained a value of 10.3 light-years in 1838; the European Space Agency satellite Hipparcos made much more accurate distance measurements than ground-based... [PAR] Ab\u016b\u02bel-Waf\u0101\u02be a distinguished Muslim astronomer and mathematician, who made important contributions to the development of trigonometry. Ab\u016b\u02bel-Waf\u0101\u02be worked in a private observatory in Baghdad, where he made observations to determine, among other astronomical parameters,... [PAR] accretion disk a disklike flow of gas, plasma, dust, or particles around any astronomical object in which the material orbiting in the gravitational field of the object loses energy and angular momentum as it slowly spirals inward. In astrophysics, the term accretion... [PAR] Achernar brightest star in the constellation Eridanus and the ninth brightest star in the sky. Achernar (Arabic for \u201cend of the river\u201d) is 144 light-years from Earth. It is a binary star with a B-type star, Achernar A, as its primary and a much fainter A-type... [PAR] Adams, John Couch British mathematician and astronomer, one of two people who independently discovered the planet Neptune. On July 3, 1841, Adams had entered in his journal: \u201cFormed a design in the beginning of this week of investigating, as soon as possible after taking... [PAR] Adams, Walter American astronomer who is best known for his spectroscopic studies. Using the spectroscope, he investigated sunspots and the rotation of the Sun, the velocities and distances of thousands of stars, and planetary atmospheres. Born of missionary parents... [PAR] Airy, Sir George Biddell English scientist who was astronomer royal from 1835 to 1881. Airy graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1823. He became Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge in 1826 and Plumian professor of astronomy and director of the Cambridge observatory... [PAR] Aitken, Robert Grant American astronomer who specialized in the study of double stars, of which he discovered more than 3,000. From 1891 to 1895 Aitken was professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif. In 1895 he joined the staff... [PAR] Akiyama Toyohiro Japanese journalist and television reporter, the first Japanese citizen and the first journalist to travel into space. Akiyama was also the first fare-paying civilian passenger (nonprofessional astronaut) to participate in a spaceflight. Akiyama earned... [PAR] Al Saud, Sultan ibn Salman the first Saudi Arabian citizen, the first Arab, the first Muslim, and the first member of a royal family to travel into space. Educated in the United States, Sultan received a degree in mass communications from the University of Denver (Colorado) and... [PAR] al-\u1e24anaf\u012b, \u02bfAlam al-D\u012bn Egyptian mathematician, astronomer, and engineer. He wrote a treatise on Euclid\u2019s postulates, built water mills and fortifications on the Orontes River, and constructed the second-oldest existing Arabic celestial globe. [PAR] Alcock, George Eric Deacon British schoolteacher and amateur astronomer who was ranked as one of the world\u2019s finest amateur astronomers; his 10 major discoveries exceeded the previous record of 8 discoveries made by 18th-century English astronomer Caroline Herschel. Despite the... [PAR] Alcor from Arabic \u201cFaint One\u201d star with apparent magnitude of 4.01. Alcor makes a visual double with the brighter star Mizar in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sputnik - NASA Sputnik [PAR] NASA Main Page Multimedia Interactive Feature on 50th Anniversary of the Space Age [PAR] Sputnik and The Dawn of the Space Age [PAR] History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball (58 cm.or 22.8 inches in diameter), weighed only 83.6 kg. or 183.9 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race. [PAR] The story begins in 1952, when the International Council of Scientific Unions decided to establish July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958, as the International Geophysical Year (IGY) because the scientists knew that the cycles of solar activity would be at a high point then. In October 1954, the council adopted a resolution calling for artificial satellites to be launched during the IGY to map the Earth's surface. [PAR] In July 1955, the White House announced plans to launch an Earth-orbiting satellite for the IGY and solicited proposals from various Government research agencies to undertake development. In September 1955, the Naval Research Laboratory's Vanguard proposal was chosen to represent the U.S. during the IGY. [PAR] The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world's attention and the American public off-guard. Its size was more impressive than Vanguard's intended 3.5-pound payload. In addition, the public feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets struck again; on November 3, Sputnik II was launched, carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika. [PAR] Immediately after the Sputnik I launch in October, the U.S. Defense Department responded to the political furor by approving funding for another U.S. satellite project. As a simultaneous alternative to Vanguard, Wernher von Braun and his Army Redstone Arsenal team began work on the Explorer project. [PAR] On January 31, 1958, the tide changed, when the United States successfully launched Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that eventually discovered the magnetic radiation belts around the Earth, named after principal investigator James Van Allen. The Explorer program continued as a successful ongoing series of lightweight, scientifically useful spacecraft. [PAR] The Sputnik launch also led directly to the creation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In July 1958, Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act (commonly called the \"Space Act\") , which created NASA as of October 1, 1958 from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and other government agencies. [PAR] Updated October 10, 2007"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Challenger Disaster Live on CNN - YouTube Challenger Disaster Live on CNN - YouTube [PAR] Challenger Disaster Live on CNN [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 24, 2007 [PAR] January 28th, 1986 at 11:39am EDT - The Space Shuttle Challenger Explodes on its 10th flight during mission STS-51-L. The explosion occurred 73 seconds after liftoff and was actually the result of rapid deceleration and not combustion of fuel. [PAR] CNN was the only national news station to broadcast the mission live, so thus what you are witnessing on this video is the only coverage of the disaster as it happened when it did. Approximately 17% of Americans witnessed the launch live, while 85% of Americans heard of the news within 1 hour of the event. According to a study, only 2 other times in history up to that point had news of an event disseminated so fast - the first being the announcement of JFK's assassination in 1963, the second being news spread among students at Kent State regarding the news of FDR's death in 1945. It has been estimated at the time that nearly 48% of 9-13 year olds witnessed the event in their classrooms, as McAuliffe was in the spotlight. [PAR] The 25th Space Shuttle mission altered the history of manned space exploration and represented the first loss of an American crew during a space mission (Apollo 1 was during a training exercise). [PAR] Christa McAuliffe was slated to be the first teacher in space for the Teacher in Space Program. As her maximum altitude was ~65,000ft (12.31 miles), she never made it to space. That title was given to Barbara Morgan of STS-118 aboard the shuttle Endeavour in August 2007, 22 and a half years after the Challenger Disaster. Morgan served as McAuliffe's backup during STS-51-L. As Morgan is now part of the Educator in Space Program, she will be credited as the first \"educator\" in space, to distinguish her from McAuliffe. [PAR] Aboard Challenger during STS-51-L: [PAR] Sharon Christa McAuliffe (Payload Specialist - Teacher in Space) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sun Will Eventually Engulf Earth--Maybe - Scientific ... The Sun Will Eventually Engulf Earth--Maybe - Scientific American [PAR] Space [PAR] The Sun Will Eventually Engulf Earth--Maybe [PAR] Researchers debate whether Earth will be swallowed by the sun as it expands into a red giant billions of years from now [PAR] By David Appell on September 1, 2008 [PAR] Credit: Lynette Cook Photo Researchers, Inc. [PAR] Advertisement | [PAR] Report Ad [PAR] The future looks bright\u2014maybe too bright. The sun is slowly expanding and brightening, and over the next few billion years it will eventually desiccate Earth, leaving it hot, brown and uninhabitable. About 7.6 billion years from now, the sun will reach its maximum size as a red giant: its surface will extend beyond Earth\u2019s orbit today by 20 percent and will shine 3,000 times brighter. In its final stage, the sun will collapse into a white dwarf. [PAR] Although scientists agree on the sun\u2019s future, they disagree about what will happen to Earth. Since 1924, when British mathematician James Jeans first considered Earth\u2019s fate during the sun\u2019s red giant phase, a bevy of scientists have reached oscillating conclusions. In some scenarios, our planet escapes vaporization; in the latest analyses, however, it does not. [PAR] The answer is not straightforward, because although the sun will expand beyond Earth\u2019s orbit, or one astronomical unit (AU), it will lose mass along the way. As a result, Earth should drift outward as the gravitational tug lessens over time. (At its maximum radius of 1.2 AU, the sun will have lost about one third of its mass, compared with its current heft.) In this way, Earth could escape solar envelopment. [PAR] But other factors complicate the analysis. Drag on the planet from the sun\u2019s outermost, tenuous layers will cause Earth to drift inward. Smaller forces from the other planets\u2014all in turn reacting to the same reducing, expanding sun\u2014are even more difficult to account for completely. [PAR] Earlier this year two teams reported different kinds of calculations indicating that Earth will be swallowed up by the sun. In a calculation that would thrill any college junior studying classical mechanics, Lorenzo Iorio of Italy\u2019s National Institute of Nuclear Physics used perturbation theory. It simplifies analyses by dropping relatively small factors, thereby making complex equations of motions that describe the interactions between the sun and Earth mathematically manageable. Assuming that the sun\u2019s yearly mass loss (currently about one part in 100 trillion) remains small for the duration of its evolution to the red giant phase, Iorio calculates that Earth will move outward at about three millimeters a year, or only 0.0002 AU by the sun\u2019s red giant phase. But at that point the sun will balloon up, in only a million years, to 1.2 AU in radius, thus vaporizing Earth. [PAR] Iorio\u2019s paper, submitted to Astrophysics and Space Science, has not yet been peer-reviewed. Several scientists question whether quantities that Iorio assumes are small will indeed remain small throughout the sun\u2019s evolution. [PAR] Even if Iorio got his number crunching wrong, he may have the right answer. In an analysis published in the May Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Klaus-Peter Schr\u00f6der of the University of Guanajuato in Mexico and Robert Smith of the University of Sussex in England also conclude that Earth is doomed, by using more exact solar models and by considering tidal interactions. As the sun loses mass and expands, its rotation rate must also slow down\u2014physics students learn this relation as the conservation of angular momentum. The slowed rotation causes a tidal bulge on the sun\u2019s surface. The gravity"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? [PAR] Article Updated: 29 Jan , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Here on Earth, we to end to not give our measurements of time much thought. Unless we\u2019re griping about Time Zones, enjoying the extra day of a Leap Year, or contemplating the rationality of Daylight Savings Time, we tend to take it all for granted. But when you consider the fact that increments like a year are entirely relative, dependent on a specific space and place, you begin to see how time really works. [PAR] Here on Earth, we consider a year to be 365 days. Unless of course it\u2019s a Leap Year, which takes place every four years (in which it is 366). But the actual definition of a year is the time it takes our planet to complete a single orbit around the Sun. So if you were to put yourself in another frame of reference \u2013 say, another planet \u2013 a year would work out to something else. Let\u2019s see just how long a year is on the other planets, shall we? [PAR] A Year On Mercury: [PAR] To put it simply, Mercury has an orbital period of 88 days (87.969 to be exact), which means a single year is 88 Earth days \u2013 or the equivalent of about 0.241 Earth years. But here\u2019s the thing. Because of Mercury\u2019s slow rotation (once every 58.646 days) and its rapid orbital speed (47.362 km/s), one day on Mercury actually works out to 175.96 Earth days. [PAR] MESSENGER maps of Mercury \u2013 a monochrome map at 250 m/pixel and an eight-color (left), 1-km/pixel color map. Small gaps will be filled in during the next solar day (right). Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University APL/Carnegie Institution of Washington [PAR] So basically, a single year on Mercury is half as long as a Mercurian (aka. Hermian) day. This is due to Mercury being the closest planet to the Sun, ranging from 46,001,200 km at perihelion to 69,816,900 km at aphelion. At that distance, the planet shoots around the Sun faster than any other in our Solar System and has the shortest year. [PAR] In the course of a year, Mercury experiences intense variations in surface temperature \u2013 ranging from 80 \u00b0K (-193.15 \u00b0C;-315.67 \u00b0F) to 700 \u00b0K (426.85 \u00b0C; 800.33 \u00b0F). However, this is due to the planet\u2019s varying distance from the Sun and its spin, which subjects one side to extended periods of extremely hot temperatures and one side to extended periods of night. Mercury\u2019s low axial tilt (0.034\u00b0) and its rapid orbital period means that there really is no seasonal variation on Mercury. Basically, one part of the year is as hellishly hot, or horribly cold, as any other. [PAR] A Year On Venus: [PAR] The second closest planet to our Sun, Venus completes a single orbit once ever 224.7 days. This means that a single year on Venus works out to about 0.6152 Earth years. But, once again, things are complicated by the fact that Venus has an unusual rotation period. In fact, Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis \u2013 the slowest rotation of any planet \u2013 and its rotation is retrograde to its orbital path. [PAR] The planet Venus, as imagined by the Magellan 10 mission. Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Combined with its orbital period, this means that a single solar day on Venus (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Farthest Naked Eye Object - Home page of uitti.net Farthest Naked Eye Object [PAR] Farthest Naked Eye Object [PAR] Loose Ends [PAR] Maintained by suitti@uitti.net , Stephen Uitti [PAR] One mostly hears that the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), at 2.25 million (2,250,000) light years is the most distant naked eye object. I've seen it, and it is the farthest naked eye object I've seen. Oh, alright, I was wearing contacts. But without them, or glasses, the most distant object I can see is the Sun. For that, I have to wait until morning. M31 is the largest galaxy in the local group. [PAR] The Triangulum Spiral (M33) is the third largest member of the Local Group, and some people claim to have seen it with the naked eye. It is a face on spiral galaxy. M33 is more like 2.78 million (2,780,000) light years. [PAR] Bode's Galaxy (M81), at 12 million (12,000,000) light years has been spotted by several people. This page at SEDS on M81 has a description of how to see it. [PAR] The trouble is, at Magnitude 6.9, M81 is dimmer than most consider naked eye. It depends on whose eye it is, and also where the feet are standing. It has to be an exceptionally dark sky site, probably at some altitude, at the right time of year, etc. Still, it's my answer to the question. I'm done. Finished. Except for the following speculation. [PAR] Apparently, SN1987A was a naked eye event. This was the big super nova in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), visible from the southern hemisphere in early 1987. It wasn't a distance record holder, as the LMC is considered a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. The LMC is only about 100,000 light years out. This is about the distance to the outer edge of the far side of the Milky Way. So one could consider the LMC to be part of the Milky Way. The LMC is already in the process of being torn apart, eaten really, by the Milky Way. The Milky Way is the second largest galaxy in the Local Group. [PAR] Since super novas can outshine their host galaxies, it seems possible that one could push the farthest object out a bit, if only for a few days. Say there is a galaxy, oh, about 15 million (15,000,000) light years away. It isn't a naked eye object now. But what if it hosts a bright super nova? That object would be the same distance, and could be naked eye visible for a few days. [PAR] There are other bright things too. I'm not aware of any naked eye visible quasars, for example. There is at least one quasar, 3C 273, visible in a 6 inch (150 mm) telescope. It's magnitude is 12.9. It sits about 2 billion (2,000,000,000) light years away. While no one would call this naked eye observing, it does come under the concept of eyeball astronomy - which is distinguished from astrophotography. [PAR] How far could one see with eyeball astronomy? [PAR] That, of course, depends on the telescope. It mostly depends on the light collecting area of the big end of the telescope. There is a story that several people have looked through one of the 10 meter (32.8 foot) Keck telescopes. Each of the twin Keck scopes were, at the time, the largest instruments on Earth. This pushes the concept of eyeball astronomy to interesting limits. Extrapolating from smaller scopes at good dark sky sites, one should be able to see objects as faint as 23rd magnitude with a Keck. Quasars that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Dense Are The Planets? - Universe Today How Dense Are The Planets? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Dense Are The Planets? [PAR] Article Updated: 18 Feb , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] The eight planets of our Solar System vary widely, not only in terms of size, but also in terms of mass and density (i.e. its mass per unit of volume). For instance, the 4 inner planets \u2013 those that are closest to the Sun \u2013 are all terrestrial planets , meaning they are composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals and have a solid surface. On these planets, density varies the farther one ventures from the surface towards the core, but not considerably. [PAR] By contrast, the 4 outer planets are designated as gas giants (and/or ice giants) which are composed primarily of of hydrogen, helium, and water existing in various physical states. While these planets are greater in size and mass, their overall density is much lower. In addition, their density varies considerably between the outer and inner layers, ranging from a liquid state to materials so dense that they become rock-solid. [PAR] Density also plays a vital role in determining a planet\u2019s surface gravity and is intrinsic to understanding how a planet formed. After the formation of the Sun at the center of our Solar System, the planets were formed from a protoplanetary disc . Whereas the terrestrial planets resulted from dust grains in the inner Solar System, planets in the outer Solar System accreted enough matter for their gravity to hold on to the nebula\u2019s leftover gas. [PAR] The Solar System. Image Credit: NASA [PAR] The more gas they held onto, the larger they became. And the larger they became, the more matter they would accumulate, until such tie that they reached a critical point. Whereas the gas giants of Jupiter and Saturn grew exponentially, the ice giants (Uranus and Neptune), with only a few Earth masses of nebular gas, never reached that critical point. In all cases, density is measured as the number of grams per cubic cm (or g/cm\u00b3). [PAR] Density of Mercury: [PAR] Ad a terrestrial planet, Mercury is composed of metals and silicate material. Mercury\u2019s mean density is the second-highest in the Solar System, which is estimated to be 5.427 g/cm3 \u2013 only slightly less than Earth\u2019s density of 5.515 g/cm3.However, if the effects of gravitational compression \u2013 in which the effects of gravity reduce the size of an object and increases its density \u2013 then Mercury is in fact more dense than Earth, with an uncompressed density of 5.3 g/cm\u00b3 compared to Earth\u2019s 4.4 g/cm\u00b3. [PAR] These estimates can be also used to infer details of its inner structure. Compared to Earth, Mercury is much smaller, which is why it inner regions are subject to less in the way of compression. Therefore, its high density is believed to be the result of a large, and iron-rich core. All told, metals like iron and nickel are believed to make up 70% of the planet\u2019s mass (higher than any other planet), while silicate rock accounts for just 30%. [PAR] Internal structure of Mercury: 1. Crust: 100\u2013300 km thick 2. Mantle: 600 km thick 3. Core: 1,800 km radius. Credit: MASA/JPL [PAR] Several theories for this have been suggested, but the predominant one claims that Mercury had a thicker silicate crust earlier in its history. This crust was then largely blown off when a large planetesimal collided with the planet. Combined with its size and mass, Mercury has a surface gravity of 3.7 m/s2, which is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Supernova \u2013 Definition & Facts of Star Explosion ... What is a Supernova \u2013 Definition & Facts of Star Explosion in Space \u2013 PlanetFacts.org [PAR] Supernova [PAR] What is a Supernova? [PAR] To say in three words, a supernova is an exploding star. Okay, that was more than three, but you get the point. A supernova is more significant than a nova, but less so than a hypernova. Supernovae are very bright and generate bursts of radiation that can briefly outshine a whole galaxy before declining in brightness over many weeks or months. In this period a supernova can emit as much energy as the Sun might over its entire lifetime. [PAR] How Supernovae are Studied [PAR] By using optical telescopes, astronomers can approximate the amount of light generated by a supernova. These measurements can be used to determine how the luminosity and color of a supernova vary with time. [PAR] Astronomers may examine the light through a prism, which breaks the light from a supernova into the spectrum of colors that composes it. From this, astronomers can gauge how the brightness of light depends on that light\u2019s wavelength. The luminosity could change at all wavelengths. The spectrum of a supernova can very with time as well, until it fades entirely of course. [PAR] The study of a supernova is more than just a study of any ordinary light show. Both the light and spectrum of color of a supernova can be used to make conclusions about the physics that occurs during and after supernova explosions. Understanding how a supernova explosion occurs and progresses is crucial to understanding why certain stars go boom. Supernovae are responsible for producing and dispersing elements into the interstellar medium. The elements that form stars, planets, and life on Earth are created and spread by supernovae. You could say that we are made of stardust. [PAR] Naming Convention [PAR] Supernovae are reported to the International Astronomical Union\u2019s Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, which assign them a name. The name begins with \u201cSN\u201d, the prefix for supernova, followed by the year, followed by a string of letter from A to Z. The first 26 supernovae are attached with a capital letter (A-Z). Following this are pairs of lower-case letters, such as aa, ab, ac, so on and so forth. For example the 367th supernova discovered in 2005 would be named SN 2005 nc. [PAR] This naming convention was utilized since 1885. However, up until 1947, rarely would more than one supernova was found per year. Two-letter designations were scarcely necessary until 1987, and since 1988, they have been necessary more and more every year. [PAR] Supernovae Types [PAR] Since 1941, Rudolf Minkowski discovered that some spectra contain hydrogen and some do not, and therefore supernovae are classified by Type I, ones lacking hydrogen in their spectra, and Type II, ones that strongly show strong hydrogen lines. [PAR] Since 1985, Type I supernovae have been classified further. Type Ia supernovae have a silicon spectral line at 615 nm, and Type Ib does not. Type Ib supernovae have strong helium lines, and Type Ic do not. [PAR] Type I supernovae are classified such because of the sharp maxima and smooth decay of light in their light curves. The initiation of a Type I supernova can be modeled as an explosion of a carbon white dwarf that is crushed under the pressure of electron degeneracy. [PAR] Supernovae Models [PAR] The assumption follows that a white dwarf accumulates enough mass that it exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses (for white dwarves, this is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What shape is the Milky Way? - How the Milky Way Works ... What shape is the Milky Way? - How the Milky Way Works | HowStuffWorks [PAR] What shape is the Milky Way? [PAR] Image courtesy NASA [PAR] Edwin Hubble studied galaxies and classified them into various types of elliptical and spiral galaxies. The spiral galaxies were characterized by disk shapes with spiral arms. It stood to reason that because the Milky Way was disk-shaped and because spiral galaxies were disk-shaped, the Milky Way was probably a spiral galaxy. [PAR] In the 1930s, astronomer R. J. Trumpler realized that the estimates of the size of the Milky Way galaxy by Kapetyn and others were off because the measurements had relied on observations in the visible wavelengths. Trumpler concluded that the vast amounts of dust in the plane of the Milky Way absorbed light in the visible wavelengths and caused faraway stars and clusters to appear dimmer than they actually were. Therefore, to accurately map stars and star clusters within the disk of the Milky Way, astronomers would need a way to peer through the dust. [PAR] Up Next [PAR] Could a planet exist without a host star? [PAR] In the 1950s, the first radio telescopes were invented. Astronomers discovered that hydrogen atoms emitted radiation in the radio wavelengths and that these radio waves could penetrate the dust in the Milky Way. So, it became possible to map the spiral arms of the Milky Way. The key was marker stars like those used in distance measurements. Astronomers found that class O and B stars would work. These stars had several features: [PAR] Brightness: They're highly visible and are often found in small groups or associations. [PAR] Heat: They emit multiple wavelengths (visible, infrared, radio). [PAR] Short life: They live for about 100 million years, so, considering the rate at which stars orbit the galaxy's center, they don't move far from where they were born. [PAR] Astronomers could use radio telescopes to accurately map the positions of these O and B stars and use the Doppler shifts of the radio spectrum to determine their rates of motion. When they did this with many stars, they were able to produce combined radio and optical maps of the Milky Way's spiral arms. Each arm is named for the constellations that exist within it. [PAR] Astronomers think that the motion of the material around the galactic center sets up density waves (areas of high and low density), much like you see when you stir cake batter with an electric mixer. These density waves are thought to cause the spiral nature of the galaxy. [PAR] So, by examining the sky in multiple wavelengths (radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray ) with various ground-based and space-based telescopes, we can get different views of the Milky Way. [PAR] On the next page we'll look into exactly what's inside the Milky Way. [PAR] The Doppler Effect [PAR] Much like the high-pitched sound from a fire-truck siren gets lower as the truck moves away, the movement of stars affects the wavelengths of light that we receive from them. This phenomenon is called the Doppler effect. We can measure the Doppler effect by measuring lines in a star's spectrum and comparing them to the spectrum of a standard lamp. The amount of the Doppler shift tells us how fast the star is moving relative to us. In addition, the direction of the Doppler shift can tell us the direction of the star's movement. If the spectrum of a star is shifted to the blue end, the star is moving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details [PAR] NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1958-007A [PAR] Description [PAR] Pioneer 1, the second and most successful of three project Able space probes and the first spacecraft launched by the newly formed NASA, was intended to study the ionizing radiation, cosmic rays, magnetic fields, and micrometeorites in the vicinity of the Earth and in lunar orbit. Due to a launch vehicle malfunction, the spacecraft attained only a ballistic trajectory and never reached the Moon. It did return data on the near-Earth space environment. [PAR] Spacecraft and Subsystems [PAR] Pioneer 1 consisted of a thin cylindrical midsection with a squat truncated cone frustrum on each side. The cylinder was 74 cm in diameter and the height from the top of one cone to the top of the opposite cone was 76 cm. Along the axis of the spacecraft and protruding from the end of the lower cone was an 11 kg solid propellant injection rocket and rocket case, which formed the main structural member of the spacecraft. Eight small low-thrust solid propellant velocity adjustment rockets were mounted on the end of the upper cone in a ring assembly which could be jettisoned after use. A magnetic dipole antenna also protruded from the top of the upper cone. The shell was composed of laminated plastic. The total mass of the spacecraft after vernier separation was 34.2 kg, after injection rocket firing it would have been 23.2 kg. [PAR] The scientific instrument package had a mass of 17.8 kg and consisted of an image scanning infrared television system to study the Moon's surface to a resolution of 1 milliradian, an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space, a diaphragm/microphone assembly to detect micrometeorites, a spin-coil magnetometer to measure magnetic fields to 5 microgauss, and temperature-variable resistors to record spacecraft internal conditions. The spacecraft was powered by nickel-cadmium batteries for ignition of the rockets, silver cell batteries for the television system, and mercury batteries for the remaining circuits. Radio transmission was at on 108.06 MHz through an electric dipole antenna for telemetry and doppler information at 300 mW and a magnetic dipole antenna for the television system at 50 W. Ground commands were received through the electric dipole antenna at 115 MHz. The spacecraft was spin stabilized at 1.8 rps, the spin direction was approximately perpendicular to the geomagnetic meridian planes of the trajectory. [PAR] Mission Profile [PAR] The spacecraft did not reach the Moon as planned due to an incorrectly set valve in the upper stage which caused an accelerometer to give faulty information leading to a slight error in burnout velocity (the Thor second stage shut down 10 seconds early) and angle (3.5 degrees). This resulted in a ballistic trajectory with a peak altitude of 113,800 km around 1300 local time. The real-time transmission was obtained for about 75% of the flight, but the percentage of data recorded for each experiment was variable. Except for the first hour of flight, the signal to noise ratio was good. The spacecraft ended transmission when it reentered the Earth's atmosphere after 43 hours of flight on October 13, 1958 at 03:46 UT over the South Pacific Ocean. A small quantity of useful scientific information was returned, showing the radiation surrounding Earth was in the form of bands and measuring the extent of the bands, mapping the total ionizing flux, making the first observations of hydromagnetic oscillations of the magnetic field, and taking the first measurements of the density of micrometeorites and the interplanetary magnetic field. [PAR] Alternate Names [PAR] Launch Site: Cape"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planetary Names: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers Planetary Names: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers [PAR] International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) [PAR] Planetary Names: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers [PAR] Home [PAR] Named Mercurius by the Romans because it appears to move so swiftly. [PAR] [PAR] Discoverer [PAR] Venus [PAR] Roman name for the goddess of love. This planet was considered to be the brightest and most beautiful planet or star in the heavens. Other civilizations have named it for their god or goddess of love/war. [PAR] [PAR] Discoverer [PAR] Earth [PAR] The name Earth comes from the Indo-European base 'er,'which produced the Germanic noun 'ertho,' and ultimately German 'erde,' Dutch 'aarde,' Scandinavian 'jord,' and English 'earth.' Related forms include Greek 'eraze,' meaning 'on the ground,' and Welsh 'erw,' meaning 'a piece of land.' [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Earth I (Moon) [PAR] Every civilization has had a name for the satellite of Earth that is known, in English, as the Moon. The Moon is known as Luna in Italian, Latin, and Spanish, as Lune in French, as Mond in German, and as Selene in Greek. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Martian System [PAR] The names of the moons of Mars and the English translations of the names were specifically proposed by their discoverer, Asaph Hall, and as such, they have been accepted and retained under the current IAU nomenclature. [PAR] Body [PAR] Discoverer [PAR] Mars [PAR] Named by the Romans for their god of war because of its red, bloodlike color. Other civilizations also named this planet from this attribute; for example, the Egyptians named it \"Her Desher,\" meaning \"the red one.\" [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Mars I (Phobos) [PAR] Inner satellite of Mars. Named for one of the horses that drew Mars' chariot; also called an \"attendant\" or \"son\" of Mars, according to chapter 15, line 119 of Homer's \"Iliad.\" This Greek word means \"flight.\" [PAR] August 17, 1877 [PAR] A. Hall [PAR] Mars II (Deimos) [PAR] This outer Martian satellite was named for one of the horses that drew Mars' chariot; also called an \"attendant\" or \"son\" of Mars, according to chapter 15, line 119 of Homer's \"Iliad.\" Deimos means \"fear\" in Greek. [PAR] August 11, 1877 [PAR] Selected Asteroids (of the Main Belt) and their Satellites [PAR] Body [PAR] Named for the Greek god of love. [PAR] August 13, 1898 [PAR] Named for a resort on the Crimean Peninsula. [PAR] July 30, 1916 [PAR] G. Neujmin [PAR] (243) Ida [PAR] Named for a nymph who raised the infant Zeus. Ida is also the name of a mountain on the island of Crete, the location of the cave where Zeus was reared. [PAR] September 29, 1884 [PAR] J. Palisa [PAR] (243) Ida I (Dactyl) [PAR] Named for a group of mythological beings who lived on Mount Ida, where the infant Zeus was hidden and raised (according to some accounts) by the nymph Ida. [PAR] August 28, 1993 [PAR] Galileo imaging and infrared science teams. [PAR] (253) Mathilde [PAR] The name was suggested by a staff member of the Paris Observatory who first computed an orbit for Mathilde. The name is thought to honor the wife of the vice director of the Paris Observatory at that time. [PAR] November 12, 1885 [PAR] J. Palisa [PAR] (22) Kalliope I (Linus) [PAR] Satellite of (22) Kalliope. In various accounts of Greek mythology, Linus is considered to be the son of the Muse Kalliope and the inventor of melody and rhythm. [PAR] August 29 and September 2, 2001 [PAR] Mauna Kea [PAR] J.-L. Margot, M.E. Brown,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sunspots: Modern Research 4 of 7 - Multiverse Sunspots: Modern Research 4 of 7 [PAR] The Sunspot Cycle [PAR] Cycles have been around [PAR] In the last few decades, we've started to understand the forces behind sunspots, but we've known for over a 150 years that sunspots appear in cycles. The average number of visible sunspots varies over time, increasing and decreasing on a regular cycle of between 9.5 to 11 years, on average about 10.8 years. An amateur astronomer named Heinrich Schwabe, was the first to note this cycle, in 1843. The part of the cycle with low sunspot activity is referred to as \" solar minimum \" while the portion of the cycle with high activity is known as \" solar maximum .\" [PAR] In fact they go around twice [PAR] By studying the sun's magnetic field, modern astronomers have discovered that the cycle covers twenty-two years, with each eleven-year cycle of sunspots followed by a reversal of the direction of the Sun's magnetic field. [PAR] According to Fisher, \"the overall magnetic field structure changes in a way that is very interesting. It turns out that if the magnetic fields primarily point from west to east in the Northern Hemisphere (of the sun), they point from east to west in the Southern Hemisphere. In the next eleven-year cycle, the fields are reversed. So the cycle is really twenty-two years.\" [PAR] Migration [PAR] Sunspots appear mostly in the low latitudes near the solar equator. In fact they almost never appear closer than 5 or further than 40 degrees latitude, north or south. As each sunspot cycle progresses, the sunspots gradually start to appear closer and closer to the equator. The sunspot locations for the most recent 11-year cycle are shown in this \"butterfly\" diagram.\" The locations \"migrated\" toward the equator (0 latitude) from both hemispheres throughout this half of the cycle. [PAR] Do sunspots affect earth's climate? [PAR] From 1645 to 1715, there was a drastically reduced number of sunspots. This period of reduced solar activity, which was first noticed by G. Sp\u00f6rer, was later investigated by E.W. Maunder, is now called the Maunder Minimum . [PAR] That the same period of time was also unusually cold on Earth. Similar periods of low solar activity seem to have occurred during the Sp\u00f6rer Minimum (1420-1530), the Wolf Minimum (1280-1340), and the Oort minimum (1010-1050). This succession of low-temperature periods is now called the \"Little Ice Age,\" and the corresponding pattern of extreme sunspot minima has led to speculation that sunspot activity may affect the earth's climate.[DOC] [TLE] sunspot cycle - NASA/Marshall Solar Physics NASA/Marshall Solar Physics [PAR] The Sunspot Cycle [PAR] (Updated 2016/10/06) [PAR] Please note: Dr. David Hathaway, a member of the MSFC solar physics group for 29 years, has transferred to NASA's Ames Research Center in California. Dr. Hathaway will continue to update his solar cycle pages. Dr. Hathaway's email address remains the same. [PAR] Click on image for larger version. [PAR] Sunspot Numbers [PAR] In 1610, shortly after viewing the sun with his new telescope, Galileo Galilei (or was it Thomas Harriot?) made the first European observations of Sunspots . Continuous daily observations were started at the Zurich Observatory in 1849 and earlier observations have been used to extend the records back to 1610. The sunspot number is calculated by first counting the number of sunspot groups and then the number of individual sunspots. The \"sunspot number\" is then given by the sum of the number of individual sunspots and ten times the number of groups. Since most sunspot groups have, on average, about ten"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ASP: Pluto: The Farthest Planet (Usually) ASP: Pluto: The Farthest Planet (Usually) [PAR] \u00a9 1988, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112 [PAR] Pluto: The Farthest Planet (Usually) [PAR] Pluto, the ninth planet in our solar system, was not discovered until 1930 and remains a very difficult world to observe because it's so far away. At an average distance of 2.7 billion miles from the Earth, Pluto is a dim speck of light in even the largest of our telescopes. It takes almost 249 years to make one swing around the Sun, in a long looping orbit that takes it above and below the path of the other planets. (See the accompanying box for more on its unusual path.) [PAR] What Would It Be Like on Pluto? [PAR] While astronomers don't yet know many details about the landscape on Pluto, we do know that it's cold and dark out there. On average, Pluto is nearly 40 times as far from the Sun as we are. From that great distance, the Sun would look like a single, brilliant point of light (it would be only about 1/40th as big as the full Moon is in our sky \u2014 too small to appear as a disk.) [PAR] During the day, that tiny point illuminates the ground on Pluto with only 1/1500th the intensity of sunlight we receive on Earth. (That's still far from being \"dark,'' though: the Sun's light output as seen from Pluto is about 250 times the light we receive from the Moon when it's full.) As you might expect, Pluto isn't warmed much by the Sun; astronomers estimate its surface temperature to be more than 200 degrees below zero, Celsius. This is a temperature so cold that skin would be as brittle as glass \u2014 and that some materials we're familiar with as gas or Earth (such as methane) would freeze solid. [PAR] New Discoveries in the Last Decade [PAR] Despite its great distance, Pluto has given up some of its secrets to careful study recently. Even though no spacecraft has investigated Pluto (and none is scheduled to), a happy circumstance is in part responsible for the accelerating pace of discoveries: Pluto is closer to us in the last two decades of the 20th century than it has been for the last 200 years (or will be for the next 200). Along with the great sensitivity and sophistication of today's astronomical instruments, this makes investigating Pluto from Earth less difficult now. [PAR] In 1978, for example, a relatively large satellite was discovered around Pluto and named Charon \u2014 and during the last half of the 1 980's, a rare alignment has made it possible to study Pluto and Charon much more effectively than ever before. For a brief period once every 124 years, observers on Earth are in a position to see Charon pass directly in front of and behind Pluto in its 6.4-day orbit around the planet. This \"eclipse season'' began in 1985 and will end in 1990; there won't be another one until the 22nd century \u2014 and not until the 23rd century will one happen when Pluto is this close. By making careful measurements of the eclipses, astronomers have made great progress in understanding the sometimes strange and puzzling properties of Pluto and its satellite. [PAR] Pluto is Not the Ninth Planet [PAR] Ever since 1930, school children have memorized the nine planets in order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and PIuto. But between January, 1979 and March, 1999 that order is not correct. Pluto's eccentric"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon - Space.com Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon [PAR] Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] July 25, 2012 03:39pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin Aldrin photographed this iconic photo, a view of his footprint in the lunar soil, as part of an experiment to study the nature of lunar dust and the effects of pressure on the surface during the historic first manned moon landing in July 1969. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] The historic launch of the Apollo 11 mission carried three astronauts toward the moon. Two of them would set foot on the lunar surface for the first time in human history as millions of people around the world followed their steps on television. [PAR] The astronauts [PAR] The crew of Apollo 11 were all experienced astronauts. All three had flown missions into space before. [PAR] Cmdr. Neil Armstrong , 38, had previously piloted Gemini 8, the first time two vehicles docked in space. Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Ohio, Armstrong was 38 when he became the first civilian to command two American space missions. [PAR] Apollo 11 crew: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Col. Edwin Eugene \"Buzz\" Aldrin , 39, was the first astronaut with a doctorate to fly in space. Born Jan. 20, 1930, in New Jersey, Aldrin piloted Gemini 12, taking a two-hour, twenty-minute walk in space to demonstrate that an astronaut could work efficiently outside of the vehicle. For Apollo 11, he served as the lunar module pilot. [PAR] The command module pilot, Lt. Col. Michael Collins, 38, was born in Italy on Oct. 31, 1930. The pilot of Gemini 10, Collins spent almost an hour and a half outside of the craft on a space-walk and became the first person to meet another spacecraft in orbit. [PAR] From Earth to the moon [PAR] Mission planners at NASA studied the lunar surface for two years, searching for the best place to make the historic landing. Using high-resolution photographs taken by the Lunar Orbiter satellite and close-up photographs taken by the Surveyor spacecraft, they narrowed the initial thirty sites down to three. Influencing factors included the number of craters and boulders, few high cliffs or hills, and a relatively flat surface. The amount of sunlight was also a factor in determining the best time to land on the lunar surface. [PAR] Apollo 11 launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 9:32 a.m. EDT on July 16, 1969. While in flight, the crew made two televised broadcasts from the interior of the ship, and a third transmission as they drew closer to the moon, revealing the lunar surface and the intended approach path. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin entered the lunar module, nicknamed the \"Eagle\" and separated from the Command Service Module \u2014 the \"Columbia\" \u2014 headed toward the lunar surface. [PAR] Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin poses with the American flag on the surface of the moon in July 1969. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] The lunar module touched down on the moon's Sea of Tranquility , a large basaltic region, at 4:17 p.m. EDT. Armstrong notified Houston with the historic words, \"Houston, this is Tranquility Base. The Eagle has landed.\" For the first two hours, Armstrong and Aldrin checked all of the systems, configured the lunar module for the stay on the moon, and ate. They decided to skip the scheduled four-hour rest to explore the surface. [PAR] A camera in the Eagle provided"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skylab : First U.S. Space Station Skylab: First U.S. Space Station [PAR] Skylab: First U.S. Space Station [PAR] By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] February 1, 2013 06:40pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The Skylab Orbital Workshop experienced a failure that led to a replacement shield to protect against solar heating. [PAR] Credit: NASA. [PAR] Skylab was the first space station operated by the United States. It spent six years orbiting Earth until its decaying orbit caused it to re-enter the atmosphere. It scattered debris over the Indian Ocean and sparsely settled areas of Western Australia. [PAR] Three crews successfully lived on board the station for several months each. The last crew spent 84 days in orbit \u2014 an American record that stood until the shuttle era. [ Photos: Skylab, the 1st U.S. Space Station ] [PAR] Rocky start [PAR] Various NASA centers had kicked around ideas for a space station for years before Skylab launched. However, the agency was very focused on the space race and moonshots that dominated public consciousness in the 1960s. Money for other endeavors was not as available. [PAR] As Apollo began to wind down in the early 1970s, NASA began an Apollo Applications Program to fly unused hardware from the moon program. One idea, proposed by famous Apollo rocket engineer Wernher von Braun , would be to build a space station out of an unused rocket stage. The design evolved over the years as NASA struggled with reduced funding. [PAR] Skylab finally aimed for space on May 14, 1973. However, a meteoroid shield that was supposed to shelter Skylab accidentally opened about 63 seconds into the launch. The still-thick atmosphere tore the shield off, plunging Skylab into a serious situation. The facility experienced communications problems with the antenna as a result of the incident, but that was the least of the agency's worries. [PAR] \"When the meteoroid shield ripped loose, it disturbed the mounting of workshop solar array wing No. 2 and caused it to partially deploy. The exhaust plume of the second stage retro-rockets impacted the partially deployed solar array and literally blew it into space,\" NASA wrote. [PAR] Workers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center scrambled to stabilize the station. Among other measures, they put the station in an attitude that would minimize overheating, and came up with ways to cope with the station's reduced power situation. [PAR] Meanwhile, the first crew \u2013 led by Apollo 12 commander Pete Conrad \u2013 would need to make the station habitable before they could get to work. The crew's first challenge during the spacewalk, just hours after launch, was deploying the solar array, but initial attempts met with no luck as a metal strip holding it down refused to give way. [PAR] Crew members emerged from an expected communications blackout in a foul mood, according to an official NASA account of the mission. \"The astronauts were venting their frustration with four-letter words, while Houston repeatedly tried to remind them that communication had resumed,\" NASA wrote. [PAR] Realizing the tools they had with them that day would not work, Conrad abandoned the exercise and focused on trying to dock his spacecraft with the station. Unfortunately, the docking mechanism failed and the crew had to depressurize the spacecraft and bypass electrical connections to achieve it. [PAR] In subsequent days, Conrad's crew erected a sun shade , successfully deployed the stuck array, and began operational work aboard the station. While the incident was frustrating for the teams involved, it also demonstrated that it was possible to fix a badly damaged space station while it is in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saturn V Launch Vehicle | National Air and Space Museum Saturn V Launch Vehicle | National Air and Space Museum [PAR] Saturn V Launch Vehicle [PAR] Saturn V Launch Vehicle [PAR] Saturn V Launch Vehicle [PAR] The manned Apollo missions were each launched aboard a Saturn V launch vehicle. The \"V\" designation originates from the five powerful F-1 engines that powered the first stage of the rocket. The Saturn V remains the largest and most powerful U.S. expendable launch vehicle ever built. [PAR] The Apollo spacecraft, including the Command Module (CM), Service Module (SM) and Lunar Module (LM) sat atop the launch vehicle. Above the CM was the emergency escape system. [PAR] The complete assembly including the Apollo spacecraft and the Saturn launch vehicle stood 363 feet tall (110.6 meters) and weighed over 6 million pounds (2.7 million kg). [PAR] The Saturn V launch vehicle itselft consisted of three stages: [PAR] First Stage (S-IC): The first stage includes the five F-1 engines producing nearly 7.7 million pounds of thrust. These powerful engines are required to lift the heavy rocket fast enough to escape Earth's gravity. The first stage engines are burned at liftoff and last for about 2.5 minutes taking the vehicle and payload to an altitude of 38 miles. The first stage then separates and burns up in the Earth's atmosphere. [PAR] Second Stage (S-II): The second stage conatins five J-2 engines. After the first stage is discarded, the second stage burns for approximately 6 minutes taking the vehicle and payload to 115 miles altitude. The second stage is then also discarded. [PAR] Third Stage (S-IVB): The third stage contains one J-2 engine. This engine burns for 2.75 minutes boosting the spacecraft to orbital velocity of about 17,500 mph. The third stage is shut down with fuel remaining and remains attached the spacecraft in Earth orbit. The J-2 engine is reignited to propel the spacecraft into translunar trajectory (speed of 24,500 mph) before finally being discarded. [PAR] Saturn V Rocket"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pulsars - Celestial Objects on Sea and Sky Pulsars - Celestial Objects on Sea and Sky [PAR] Pulsars [PAR] Pulsars [PAR] Cosmic Beacons [PAR] Pulsars are among the strangest objects in the universe. In 1967, at the Cambridge Observatory, Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish were studying the stars when they stumbled on something quite extraordinary. It was a star-like object that seemed to be emitting quick pulses of radio waves. Radio sources had been known to exist in space for quite some time. But this was the first time anything had been observed to give off such quick pulses. They were as regular as clockwork, pulsing once every second. The signal was originally thought to be coming from an orbiting satellite, but that idea was quickly disproved. After several more of these objects had been found, they were named pulsars because of their rapidly pulsing nature. Bright pulsars have been observed at almost every wavelength of light. Some can actually be seen in visible light. Many people tend to get pulsars confused with quasars. But the two objects are totally different. Quasars are objects that produce enormous amounts of energy and may be the result of a massive black hole at the center of a young galaxy. But a pulsar is a different animal entirely. [PAR] The Lighthouse Effect [PAR] A pulsar is basically a rapidly spinning neutron star. A neutron star is the highly compacted core of a dead star, left behind in a supernova explosion. This neutron star has a powerful magnetic field. In fact, this magnetic field is about one trillion times as powerful as the magnetic field of the Earth. The magnetic field causes the neutron star to emit strong radio waves and radioactive particles from its north and south poles. These particles can include a variety of radiation, including visible light. Pulsars that emit powerful gamma rays are known as gamma ray pulsars. If the neutron star happens to be aligned so that the poles face the Earth, we see the radio waves every time one of the poles rotates into our line of sight. It is a similar effect as that of a lighthouse. As the lighthouse rotates, its light appears to a stationary observer to blink on and off. In the same way, the pulsar appears to be blinking as its rotating poles sweep past the Earth. Different pulsars pulse at different rates, depending on the size and mass of the neutron star. Sometimes a pulsar may have a binary companion. In some cases, the pulsar may begin to draw in matter from this companion. this can cause the pulsar to rotate even faster. The fastest pulsars can pulse at well over a hundred times a second. [PAR] Pulsars & Neutron Stars [PAR] A pulsar is formed when a massive star collapses exhausts its supply of fuel. It blasts out in a giant explosion known as a supernova, the most powerful and violent event in the universe. Without the opposing force of nuclear fusion to balance it, gravity begins to pull the mass of the star inward until it implodes. In a pulsar, gravity compacts the mass of the star until it forms an object composed primarily of neutrons packed so tightly that they no longer exist as normal matter. A physicist named Chandrasekhar Subrahmanyan theorized that if the mass of the core of the collapsing star was 1.4 times the mass of the star itself, the protons and electrons would combine to form neutrons in a neutron star. This number is known today as the Chandrasekhar limit. If this limit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] At what speed does the Earth move around the Sun ... At what speed does the Earth move around the Sun? (Beginner) - Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer [PAR] At what speed does the Earth move around the Sun? (Beginner) [PAR] Short version: Earth's average orbital speed is about 30 kilometers per second. In other units, that's about 19 miles per second, or 67,000 miles per hour, or 110,000 kilometers per hour (110 million meters per hour). [PAR] In more detail: [PAR] Let's calculate that. First of all we know that in general, the distance you travel equals the speed at which you travel multiplied by the time (duration) of travel. If we reverse that, we get that the average speed is equal to the distance traveled over the time taken. [PAR] We also know that the time it takes for the Earth to go once around the Sun is one year. So, in order to know the speed, we just have to figure out the distance traveled by the Earth when it goes once around the Sun. To do that we will assume that the orbit of the Earth is circular (which is not exactly right, it is more like an ellipse , but for our purpose a circle is close enough). So the distance traveled in one year is just the circumference of the circle. (Remember, the circumference of a circle is equal to 2\u00d7\u03c0\u00d7radius.) [PAR] The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is about 149,600,000 km. (Astronomers call this an astronomical unit, or AU for short.) Therefore, in one year, the Earth travels a distance of 2\u00d7\u03c0\u00d7(149,600,000 km). This means that the speed is about: [PAR] speed = 2\u00d7\u03c0\u00d7(149,600,000 km)/(1 year) [PAR] and if we convert that to more meaningful units (knowing that there are, on average, about 365.25 days in a year, and 24 hours per day) we get: [PAR] speed = 107,000 km/h (or, if you prefer, 67,000 miles per hour) [PAR] So the Earth moves at about 110,000 km/h around the Sun (which is about one thousand times faster than the typical speed of a car on a highway!) [PAR] Thanks for your explanation, but I was hoping for an explanation a little more precise, since I already knew the one you gave. [PAR] In the case of your question about the speed of the Earth around the Sun, there isn't really a more 'precise' answer. The only approximation I did in the calculation I sent you is assuming that the orbit of the Earth is circular. This is in fact a very good approximation. One of Kepler's laws describing planetary motions states that all orbits are ellipses. This is the case for Earth's orbit. But not all ellipses come in the same shape. They are described by their 'eccentricity', which tells us how flattened they are. The eccentricity of an ellipse is a number that varies between 0 and 1, 0 being a perfect circle, and close to 1 being a very flattened ellipse. It turns out that the orbit of the Earth right now has an eccentricity of about 0.017. This means it is almost a circle, making our approximation valid. So under the one approximation that was made, the calculation couldn't really be more 'precise'. And as for the average Earth-Sun distance, the true value changes slightly over time due to gravitational perturbations from the other planets, so there really isn't much point in using a more precise value than the one given above. [PAR] Now if you want to calculate the speed of the Earth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is Helium Found - Universe Today Where is Helium Found - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Tega Jessa [PAR] [/caption] [PAR] Helium is the second lightest element in the known universe. It is also the second most abundant. According to some estimates helium accounts for as much as 24 percent of the Universe\u2019s mass. This element is also plentiful since it is a prime product of fusion nuclear reactions involving hydrogen. So if it is so plentiful where is Helium found? [PAR] The problem is that just because an element is common in the universe at large does not mean that it is common on Earth. Helium is an element that fits this scenario. Helium only accounts for 0.00052% of the Earth\u2019s atmosphere and the majority of the helium harvested comes from beneath the ground being extracted from minerals or tapped gas deposits. This makes it one of the rarest elements of any form on the planet. [PAR] Like mentioned before Helium is rare on Earth but there are places where it is readily found. If you look at space the majority of helium is in stars and the interstellar medium. This is due to the fusion reaction that powers most stars fusing single hydrogen atoms to create helium atoms. This process balanced with a star\u2019s gravity is what helps it to stay stable for billions of years. On Earth the majority of helium found comes from radioactive decay. This is the opposite nuclear reaction called fission that splits atoms. For this reason radioactive minerals in the lithosphere like uranium are prime sources for helium. [PAR] On Earth there are key locations where concentrated helium can be harvested. The United States produces the majority of the world\u2019s helium supply at 78%. The rest of the world\u2019s helium is harvested in North Africa, The Middle East, and Russia. The interesting thing is that thanks to these deposits the world\u2019s demand for helium is being met regularly. Also unlike petroleum which can decades to form from organic material, 3000 metric tons of Hydrogen is produced yearly. Until helium demand reaches at least the same level of demand as petroleum there it little chance of that demand outpacing supply. [PAR] Helium is looking to be a major player in the near future. Governments are looking into using the gas as source of hydrogen for fuel cells and other transportation technologies. At the moment the promise is still tentative but at least with better surveying and knowledge of gas deposits there will be a supply waiting if becomes the next major element to power human civilization. In the meanwhile ours is still a planet beholden to carbon. [PAR] We have written many articles about Helium for Universe Today. Here\u2019s an article about the discovery of Helium , and here\u2019s an article about composition of the Sun . [PAR] If you\u2019d like more info about helium on Earth, check out NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide on Earth . And here\u2019s a link to NASA\u2019s Earth Observatory . [PAR] We\u2019ve also recorded an episode of Astronomy Cast all about planet Earth. Listen here, Episode 51: Earth ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Small Solar-System Bodies l Small Bodies - The Nine Planets Small Solar-System Bodies l Small Bodies [PAR] News [PAR] Small Solar-System Bodies [PAR] The title The Nine Planets is somewhat misleading. In addition to the (eight) planets and their satellites the solar system contains a large number of smaller but interesting objects. [PAR] Small Bodies [PAR] There are thousands of known asteroids and comets and undoubtedly many more unknown ones. Most asteroids orbit between Mars and Jupiter . A few (e.g. 2060 Chiron) are farther out. There are also some asteroids whose orbits carry them closer to the Sun than the Earth (Aten, Icarus, Hephaistos). Most comets have highly elliptical orbits which spend most of their time in the outer reaches of the solar system with only brief passages close to the Sun. And there is a large and important class of Trans-Neptunian Objects or Kuiper Belt Objects (including Pluto) that orbit (mostly) beyond Neptune. [PAR] The distinction between comets and asteroids is somewhat controversial . The main distinction seems to be that comets have more volatiles and more elliptical orbits. But there are interesting ambiguous cases such as 2060 Chiron (aka 95 P/Chiron) and 3200 Phaethon which seem to share some aspects of both categories. [PAR] Asteroids are sometimes also referred to as minor planets or planetoids (not to be confused with \"lesser planets\" which refers to Mercury and Pluto ). Some of the largest asteroids and Kuiper Belt objects may be classified as dwarf planets. Very small rocks orbiting the Sun are sometimes called meteoroids to distinguish them from the larger asteroids. When such a body enters the Earth's atmosphere it is heated to incandescence and the visible streak in the sky is known as a meteor. If a piece of it survives to reach the Earth's surface it is known as a meteorite. [PAR] Millions of meteors bright enough to see strike the Earth every day (amounting to hundreds of tons of material). All but a tiny fraction burn up in the atmosphere before reaching the ground. The few that don't are our major source of physical information about the rest of the solar system. [PAR] Finally, the space between the planets is not empty at all. It contains a great deal of microscopic dust and gas as well as radiation and magnetic fields."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stars - NASA Science Stars | Science Mission Directorate [PAR] Science Mission Directorate [PAR] Exoplanets [PAR] Stars [PAR] Stars are the most widely recognized astronomical objects, and represent the most fundamental building blocks of galaxies. The age, distribution, and composition of the stars in a galaxy trace the history, dynamics, and evolution of that galaxy. Moreover, stars are responsible for the manufacture and distribution of heavy elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, and their characteristics are intimately tied to the characteristics of the planetary systems that may coalesce about them. Consequently, the study of the birth, life, and death of stars is central to the field of astronomy. [PAR] Star Formation [PAR] Stars are born within the clouds of dust and scattered throughout most galaxies. A familiar example of such as a dust cloud is the Orion Nebula. Turbulence deep within these clouds gives rise to knots with sufficient mass that the gas and dust can begin to collapse under its own gravitational attraction. As the cloud collapses, the material at the center begins to heat up. Known as a protostar, it is this hot core at the heart of the collapsing cloud that will one day become a star. Three-dimensional computer models of star formation predict that the spinning clouds of collapsing gas and dust may break up into two or three blobs; this would explain why the majority the stars in the Milky Way are paired or in groups of multiple stars. [PAR] The observations of Eta Carinae's light echo are providing new insight into the behavior of powerful massive stars on the brink of detonation. [PAR] Credit: NOAO, AURA, NSF, and N. Smith (University of Arizona) [PAR] As the cloud collapses, a dense, hot core forms and begins gathering dust and gas. Not all of this material ends up as part of a star \u2014 the remaining dust can become planets, asteroids, or comets or may remain as dust. [PAR] In some cases, the cloud may not collapse at a steady pace. In January 2004, an amateur astronomer, James McNeil, discovered a small nebula that appeared unexpectedly near the nebula Messier 78, in the constellation of Orion. When observers around the world pointed their instruments at McNeil's Nebula , they found something interesting \u2014 its brightness appears to vary. Observations with NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory provided a likely explanation: the interaction between the young star's magnetic field and the surrounding gas causes episodic increases in brightness. [PAR] Main Sequence Stars [PAR] A star the size of our Sun requires about 50 million years to mature from the beginning of the collapse to adulthood. Our Sun will stay in this mature phase (on the main sequence as shown in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram) for approximately 10 billion years. [PAR] Stars are fueled by the nuclear fusion of hydrogen to form helium deep in their interiors. The outflow of energy from the central regions of the star provides the pressure necessary to keep the star from collapsing under its own weight, and the energy by which it shines. [PAR] As shown in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, Main Sequence stars span a wide range of luminosities and colors, and can be classified according to those characteristics. The smallest stars, known as red dwarfs, may contain as little as 10% the mass of the Sun and emit only 0.01% as much energy, glowing feebly at temperatures between 3000-4000K. Despite their diminutive nature, red dwarfs are by far the most numerous stars in the Universe and have lifespans of tens of billions of years. [PAR] On the other hand, the most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cosmology: The Study of the Universe WMAP's Introduction to Cosmology [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Cosmology: The Study of the Universe [PAR] Cosmology is the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole. It endeavors to use the scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the entire Universe. Like any field of science, cosmology involves the formation of theories or hypotheses about the universe which make specific predictions for phenomena that can be tested with observations. Depending on the outcome of the observations, the theories will need to be abandoned, revised or extended to accommodate the data. The prevailing theory about the origin and evolution of our Universe is the so-called Big Bang theory. [PAR] Choose from the links in the left column for discussed at length. [PAR] This primer in cosmological concepts is organized as follows: [PAR] The main concepts of the Big Bang theory are introduced in the first section with scant regard to actual observations. [PAR] The second section discusses the classic tests of the Big Bang theory that make it so compelling as the most likely valid and accurate description of our universe. [PAR] The third section discusses observations that highlight limitations of the Big Bang theory and point to a more detailed model of cosmology than the Big Bang theory alone provides. As discussed in the first section, the Big Bang theory predicts a range of possibilities for the structure and evolution of the universe. [PAR] The final section discusses what constraints we can place on the nature of our universe based on current data, and indicates how WMAP furthers our understanding of cosmology. [PAR] In addition, a few related topics are discussed based on commmonly asked questions. [PAR] For purposed of citation of this portion of the site or the downloadable PDF you can use this information: [PAR] WMAP Science Team, \"Cosmology: The Study of the Universe,\" NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe,last modified June 6, 2011, http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/WMAP_Universe.pdf or http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/[DOC] [TLE] The History & Structure of the Universe (Infographic) The History & Structure of the Universe (Infographic) [PAR] The History & Structure of the Universe (Infographic) [PAR] By Karl Tate, SPACE.com Infographics Artist | [PAR] October 31, 2011 10:01pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The Illuminated Universe [PAR] Credit: Illustration: Karl Tate, based on a photo of Galaxy M74 (NASA, ESA, and Hubble Heritage Collaboration) and the engraving \"Awakening of the Pilgrim\" from \"The Atmosphere: Popular Meteorology\" by Camille Flammarion, 1888 [PAR] Our journey toward understanding the nature of our universe began thousands of years ago and had its roots in religion and philosophy. Around 2,300 years ago, careful observers in the Mediterranean deduced that the Earth must be round and must orbit the sun. [PAR] With no way for these early theories to be proved correct, however, they could not stand against the more flattering notion that the Earth was at the center of everything and that the cosmos existed to support human life and destiny. [PAR] When Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei invented the astronomical telescope some 1,900 years later, it was finally possible to make precise observations about the planets and stars. A science of the structure and history of the entire universe, called \"cosmology,\" emerged. FIRST UP: What We Know Now >> [PAR] It took quite a bit more than seven days to create the universe as we know it today. SPACE.com looks at the mysteries of the heavens in our eight-part series: The History & Future of the Cosmos . This is Part 4 in that series. [PAR] The Whole Enchilada [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Units for Distance and Size in the Universe Units for Distance and Size in the Universe | Las Cumbres Observatory [PAR] Space Book [PAR] Units for Distance and Size in the Universe [PAR] Astronomers use many of the same units of measurement as other scientists. They often use meters for length, kilograms for mass, and seconds for time. However, the distances and sizes in the universe can be so big, that astronomers have invented more units to describe distance. [PAR] Astronomical Units: [PAR] Distances in the solar system are often measured in astronomical units (abbreviated AU). An astronomical unit is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun: [PAR] 1 AU = 1.496 \u00d7 108 km = 93 million miles [PAR] Jupiter is about 5.2 AU from the Sun and Pluto is about 39.5 AU from the Sun. The distance from the Sun to the center of the Milky Way is approximately 1.7 \u00d7 109 AU. [PAR] Light-Years: [PAR] To measure the distances between stars, astronomers often use light-years (abbreviated ly). A light-year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year: [PAR] 1 ly = 9.5 \u00d7 1012 km = 63,240 AU [PAR] Proxima Centauri is the nearest star to Earth (other than the Sun) and is 4.2 light-years away. This means light from Proxima Centauri takes 4.2 years to travel to Earth. [PAR] Parsecs: [PAR] Many astronomers prefer to use parsecs (abbreviated pc) to measure distance to stars. This is because its definition is closely related to a method of measuring the distances between stars. A parsec is the distance at which 1 AU subtends and angle of 1 arcsec. [PAR] 1 pc = 3.09 \u00d7 1013 km = 3.26 ly [PAR] [PAR] For even greater distances, astronomers use kiloparsecs and megaparsecs (abbreviated kpc and Mpc). [PAR] 1 kiloparsec = 1 kpc = 1000 pc = 103 pc [PAR] 1 megaparsec = 1 Mpc = 1,000,000 pc = 106 pc [PAR] Powers of Ten: [PAR] The distances and sizes of of the objects astronomers study vary from very small, including atoms and atomic nuclei, to very large including galaxies, clusters of galaxies and the size of the universe. To describe such a huge range, astronomers need a way to avoid confusing terms like \"a billion trillion\" and \"a millionth\". Astronomers use a system called powers-of-ten notation, which consolidates all of the zeros that you would normally find attached to very large or small numbers such as 1,000,000,000,000 or 0.0000000001. All of the zeros are put in an exponent, which is written as a superscript, and indicates how many zeros you would need to write out the long form of the number. So for example: [PAR] 100 = 1 [PAR] 104 = 10,000 [PAR] and so on. [PAR] In powers-of-ten notation, numbers are written as a figure between one and ten multiplied by a power of ten. So for example, the distance to the Moon of 384,000 km can be re-written as 3.84 \u00d7 105 km. Notice that 3.84 is between one and ten. The same number could accurately be rewritten as 38.4 \u00d7 104 or 0.384 \u00d7 106, but the preferred form is to have the first number be between one and ten. [PAR] Very small numbers can also be written using powers-of-ten notation. The exponent is negative for numbers less than one and indicates dividing by that number of tens. So for example: [PAR] 100 = 1[DOC] [TLE] Measuring the Universe | IAU Measuring the Universe | IAU [PAR] Measuring the Universe [PAR] Measuring the Universe [PAR] The IAU and astronomical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Shooting Star? - Universe Today What is a Shooting Star? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] What is a Shooting Star? [PAR] Article Updated: 24 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Fraser Cain [PAR] A shooting star is another name for a meteoroid that burns up as it passes through the Earth\u2019s atmosphere. So, a shooting star isn\u2019t a star at all. [PAR] Most of the shooting stars that we can see are known as meteoroids. These are objects as small as a piece of sand, and as large as a boulder. Smaller than a piece of sand, and astronomers call them interplanetary dust. If they\u2019re larger than a boulder, astronomers call them asteroids. [PAR] A meteoroid becomes a meteor when it strikes the atmosphere and leaves a bright tail behind it. The bright line that we see in the sky is caused by the ram pressure of the meteoroid. It\u2019s not actually caused by friction, as most people think. [PAR] When a meteoroid is larger, the streak in the sky is called a fireball or bolide. These can be bright, and leave a streak in the sky that can last for more than a minute. Some are so large they even make crackling noises as they pass through the atmosphere. [PAR] If any portion of the meteoroid actually survives its passage through the atmosphere, astronomers call them meteorites. [PAR] Some of the brightest and most popular meteor showers are the Leonids, the Geminids, and the Perseids. With some of these showers, you can see more than one meteor (or shooting star) each minute."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] North Star - definition of North Star by The Free Dictionary North Star - definition of North Star by The Free Dictionary [PAR] North Star - definition of North Star by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/North+Star [PAR] (Celestial Objects) the North Star another name for Polaris 1 [PAR] Po\u2022lar\u2022is [PAR] (po\u028a\u02c8l\u025b\u0259r \u026as, -\u02c8l\u00e6r-, p\u0259-) [PAR] n. [PAR] the polestar or North Star, a star of the second magnitude situated close to the north pole of the heavens, in the constellation Ursa Minor: the outermost star in the handle of the Little Dipper. [PAR] [1955\u201360; short for Medieval Latin stella pol\u0101ris polar star] [PAR] North Star [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] North Star - the brightest star in Ursa Minor; at the end of the handle of the Little Dipper; the northern axis of the earth points toward it [PAR] polar star , Polaris , pole star , polestar [PAR] Little Bear , Ursa Minor - a constellation outside the zodiac that rotates around the North Star [PAR] Little Dipper , Dipper - a cluster of seven stars in Ursa Minor; at the end of the dipper's handle is Polaris [PAR] North Star [PAR] noun Pole Star , Polaris , lodestar I could see the Bear and had identified the North Star. [PAR] Translations [PAR] North Star [PAR] n the North Star \u2192 la stella polare [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] He pointed to where the North Star burned over the Khyber Pass. [PAR] Little Mildred answered nothing, but watched the North Star and hummed a selection from recent Simla burlesque that had much delighted the White Hussars. [PAR] View in context [PAR] said the scout, shaking his head doubtingly; \"When the sun is scorching the tree tops, and the water courses are full; when the moss on every beech he sees will tell him in what quarter the north star will shine at night. [PAR] View in context [PAR] And first, as soon as it began to be dark, we kindled a fire in our little camp, which we kept burning, and prepared so as to make it burn all night, that the Tartars might conclude we were still there; but as soon as it was dark, and we could see the stars (for our guide would not stir before), having all our horses and camels ready loaded, we followed our new guide, who I soon found steered himself by the north star, the country being level for a long way. [PAR] 'Living wage' is helping [PAR] The acquisition underscores [our] continued commitment to providing quality service and high quality block, brick, landscape, and contractor supply products to the southern Minnesota and northern Iowa markets,\" says North Star Regional Manager Chad Grande. [PAR] Already a key source of clay brick, concrete block and retaining wall units, natural stone veneers and landscaping materials, North Star Stone & Masonry has extended its southern Minnesota footprint by acquiring the Superior Concrete Block Co. plant in Mankato, southwest of the Twin Cities [PAR] North Star is gratified that the Board has made a change of the Chairman position, but this change falls far short of addressing the pro-shareholder corporate governance initiatives North Star has continuously sought, including elimination of the classified board and adding shareholder nominated directors to the Board."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An Introduction to Philosophy and Cosmology - Bright Hub An Introduction to Philosophy and Cosmology [PAR] What is Cosmology? [PAR] written by: Jason C. Chavis\u2022edited by: RC Davison \u2022updated: 7/30/2011 [PAR] Cosmology is the study of the Universe and man's place within it. Human existence is intertwined with the understanding and existence of the Universe. Cosmology attempts to analyze this connection between what we know to be true and what we believe in. Science, religion and philosophy play a role. [PAR] slide 1 of 7 [PAR] How Cosmology Fits with Science [PAR] Cosmology is the study of the Universe and humanity's place within it. The study has a long history, rooted in region, science, philosophy and esotericism. The first use of the definition was by Christian Wolff, a German philosopher who wrote Comologia Generalis in 1730. The term is derived from the Greek kosmos, meaning \u201cuniverse,\" and logia, meaning \u201cstudy.\" [PAR] Modern cosmology is an extension of physics and astrophysics. As the studies showed to play a central role in the fundamental understanding of the Universe, the two sciences became synonymous with cosmology . Mathematics and observational elements began to define the limits and expanses of the Universe as a whole. Scientist were able to understand the concept of the big bang and hypothesize about the expansion of space, determining that the Universe formed 13.7 billion years ago. [PAR] These discoveries led to the establishment of certain physical laws that exist today, and logically have always existed. Roger Bacon, persecuted by the Catholic Church, postulated during the 1200s the idea of a universe not centered around humans. This drew a stark contrast between religion and science. [PAR] Cosmology attempts to not only decipher the true nature of the Universe, but also man's place within its boundaries. This has led to the creation of a specific discipline within the cosmology field known as metaphysical cosmology. It attempts to answer the questions regarding natural boundaries and where the human being lies. It can also make determinations about God as a concept within the spacial construct of the Universe. [PAR] Ancient religions were tandem to the early studies of cosmology. Mythologizing and theorizing about the creation of the Universe, man's place and the ultimate destruction. [PAR] slide 2 of 7 [PAR] slide 3 of 7 [PAR] Above: Ancient woodcarving of where heaven and earth meet. (Image credit: Heikenwaelder Hugo at Wikimedia Commons, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Universum.jpg, Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5.) [PAR] slide 4 of 7 [PAR] Science [PAR] The establishment of the large scale nature of the Universe was one of the first successes of the early cosmologists. Ptolemy, an ancient Greek mathematician, proposed the theory that the Earth was the center of the Universe and all things flow around it. This model was called the geocentric system and stayed as the preferred truth about the Universe until the 16th century. Nicolaus Copernicus authored a book entitled On the Evolution of Celestial Spheres in which he claimed the Earth was not the center of the Universe and it orbited around the Sun. This made the Sun the center of the Universe and this was called the heliocentric system. Subsequent studies made by Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei also supported this theory. [PAR] However, critics of this idea questioned why the celestial bodies floated around the Sun. It wasn't until Isaac Newton established the law of universal gravitation that humans understood the principles that made the solar system function -- gravity was the cause of all motion. [PAR] During the 1900s, scientists like Albert Einstein pushed for greater understanding of the Universe. The Great"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Photos: The Galilean Moons of Jupiter - Space.com Photos: The Galilean Moons of Jupiter [PAR] Photos: The Galilean Moons of Jupiter [PAR] By SPACE.com | [PAR] June 14, 2013 06:49am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute [PAR] Introduction [PAR] 67 moons orbit the great gas giant Jupiter; of these, the four largest are known as the Galilean moons, having been discovered by Galileo Galilei using his telescope in 1610. The four moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, in order of distance from Jupiter. (Their names derive from lovers of Zeus.) These moons provided evidence that not all celestial bodies orbit the Earth, a powerful revelation as, up until that time, astronomers considered Earth the center of the universe. [See Jupiter\u2019s Moons reference page for more information.] [PAR] First: Io [PAR] Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona [PAR] Io [PAR] Io orbits closest to Jupiter, out of the four Galilean moons. Io has been studied by spacecraft from Pioneer 10 and 11 in 1973 and 1974, all the way up to New Horizons in 2007, augmented by Earth- and space-based telescopes. This satellite possesses volcanoes, the only celestial body in the solar system other than Earth known to harbor volcanic activity. In fact, Io represents the most geologically active object in the solar system. Io contains an iron or iron sulfide core and a brown silicate outer layer, producing colorful orange, yellow, black, red, and white patches on the surface. Io also possesses sulfur dioxide snowfields, covering much of its surface. [See more information about Io .] [PAR] Next: Europa [PAR] Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona [PAR] Europa [PAR] Europa, slightly smaller than Earth\u2019s moon, represents one of the largest bodies in the solar system, though smaller than the other Galilean satellites of Jupiter. Cracks and streaks mark the entirety of the icy surface, which contains few craters, as the shiny, smooth skin of the moon only dates back 20 to 180 million years, a youthful age. Researchers speculate that a liquid water ocean lies beneath the ice. [See more information about Europa .] [PAR] Next: Ganymede [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Ganymede [PAR] Ganymede, the third Gallilean moon, looms larger than the others. It compares in size to Mercury, but possesses about half the mass of that planet. Ganymede distinguishes itself from the other Galilean moons by possessing its own magnetic field. A thick crust of mostly ice wraps around the satellite\u2019s iron core. Highly cratered dark regions cover 40 percent of Ganymede\u2019s surface, while the remaining 60 percent hosts a light grooved terrain, forming intricate patterns on that moon. [See more information about Ganymede .] [PAR] Next: Callisto [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Callisto [PAR] Callisto, the fourth Galilean moon, farthest from Jupiter, represents the most heavily cratered object in the solar system. The moon\u2019s landscape remains largely unchanged since the time of its formation, attracting much interest from researchers. Callisto roughly approximates Mercury in size, but the moon possesses a lower density. It also experiences the least amount of effect from Jupiter\u2019s magnetic field, as it orbits farther away from the planet, beyond Jupiter\u2019s primary radiation belt. [See more information about Callisto .] [PAR] 6 of 6[DOC] [TLE] The Galilean Moons of Jupiter The Galilean Moons of Jupiter The Galilean Moons of Jupiter [PAR] The Galilean Moons of Jupiter [PAR] Summary: Jupiter has more than 60 known moons, but understanding the geology of its four largest will hopefully lead to some groundbreaking discoveries. [PAR] Sections: [PAR] [PAR] The Galilean Moons [PAR] Each of the Jovian planets has a number of moons, although Jupiter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brighter Than 200 Million Suns - Centauri Dreams Brighter Than 200 Million Suns [PAR] Imagining and Planning Interstellar Exploration [PAR] Brighter Than 200 Million Suns [PAR] by Paul Gilster on September 2, 2004 [PAR] It looks bright enough to be a foreground star, but this supernova, called SN 2004dj, is 11 million light years away in a galaxy known as NGC 2403. Not particularly germane to interstellar propulsion or finding candidates for robotic probes, but simply too remarkable a sight to ignore. You can read more about this Hubble photograph here . [PAR] From the press release issued by the Space Telescope Science Institute: [PAR] The heart of NGC 2403 is the glowing region at lower left. Sprinkled across the region are pink areas of star birth. The myriad of faint stars visible in the Hubble image belong to NGC 2403, but the handful of very bright stars in the image belong to our own Milky Way Galaxy and are only a few hundred to a few thousand light-years away. This image was taken on Aug. 17, two weeks after an amateur astronomer discovered the supernova. [PAR] What we\u2019re seeing here is the creation of heavy chemical elements like calcium, iron and gold, all of which, on Earth and elsewhere, came from explosions like this one. [PAR] Charter [PAR] In Centauri Dreams, Paul Gilster looks at peer-reviewed research on deep space exploration, with an eye toward interstellar possibilities. For the last nine years, this site has coordinated its efforts with the Tau Zero Foundation , and now serves as the Foundation's news forum. In the logo above, the leftmost star is Alpha Centauri, a triple system closer than any other star, and a primary target for early interstellar probes. To its right is Beta Centauri (not a part of the Alpha Centauri system), with Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon Crucis, stars in the Southern Cross, visible at the far right (image: Marco Lorenzi ). [PAR] Now Reading"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many rings does Saturn have? | Cool Cosmos How many rings does Saturn have? | Cool Cosmos [PAR] [PAR] How many rings does Saturn have? [PAR] Saturn has four main groups of rings and three fainter, narrower ring groups. These groups are separated by gaps called divisions. Close up views of Saturn's rings by the Voyager spacecrafts, which flew by them in 1980 and 1981, showed that these seven ring groups are made up of thousands of smaller rings. The exact number is not known. [PAR] Continue the conversation on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Voyager - Planetary Voyage Voyager - Planetary Voyage [PAR] [PAR] Planet montage (left to right), Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter [PAR] The twin spacecraft Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA in separate months in the summer of 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. As originally designed, the Voyagers were to conduct closeup studies of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings, and the larger moons of the two planets. [PAR] To accomplish their two-planet mission, the spacecraft were built to last five years. But as the mission went on, and with the successful achievement of all its objectives, the additional flybys of the two outermost giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, proved possible -- and irresistible to mission scientists and engineers at the Voyagers' home at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. [PAR] As the spacecraft flew across the solar system, remote-control reprogramming was used to endow the Voyagers with greater capabilities than they possessed when they left the Earth. Their two-planet mission became four. Their five-year lifetimes stretched to 12 and is now near thirty-seven years. [PAR] Eventually, between them, Voyager 1 and 2 would explore all the giant outer planets of our solar system, 48 of their moons, and the unique systems of rings and magnetic fields those planets possess. [PAR] Had the Voyager mission ended after the Jupiter and Saturn flybys alone, it still would have provided the material to rewrite astronomy textbooks. But having doubled their already ambitious itineraries, the Voyagers returned to Earth information over the years that has revolutionized the science of planetary astronomy, helping to resolve key questions while raising intriguing new ones about the origin and evolution of the planets in our solar system. [PAR] History Of The Voyager Mission [PAR] The Voyager mission was designed to take advantage of a rare geometric arrangement of the outer planets in the late 1970s and the 1980s which allowed for a four-planet tour for a minimum of propellant and trip time. This layout of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, which occurs about every 175 years, allows a spacecraft on a particular flight path to swing from one planet to the next without the need for large onboard propulsion systems. The flyby of each planet bends the spacecraft's flight path and increases its velocity enough to deliver it to the next destination. Using this \"gravity assist\" technique, first demonstrated with NASA's Mariner 10 Venus/Mercury mission in 1973-74, the flight time to Neptune was reduced from 30 years to 12. [PAR] While the four-planet mission was known to be possible, it was deemed to be too expensive to build a spacecraft that could go the distance, carry the instruments needed and last long enough to accomplish such a long mission. Thus, the Voyagers were funded to conduct intensive flyby studies of Jupiter and Saturn only. More than 10,000 trajectories were studied before choosing the two that would allow close flybys of Jupiter and its large moon Io, and Saturn and its large moon Titan; the chosen flight path for Voyager 2 also preserved the option to continue on to Uranus and Neptune. [PAR] From the NASA Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida, Voyager 2 was launched first, on August 20, 1977; Voyager 1 was launched on a faster, shorter trajectory on September 5, 1977. Both spacecraft were delivered to space aboard Titan-Centaur expendable rockets. [PAR] The prime Voyager mission to Jupiter and Saturn brought Voyager 1 to Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Saturn on November 12, 1980, followed by Voyager 2 to Jupiter on July 9, 1979, and Saturn on August 25, 1981."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many moons does each planet have? - eNotes.com How many moons does each planet have? name of the moons | eNotes [PAR] How many moons does each planet have? name of the moons [PAR] linda-allen | High School Teacher | (Level 3) Senior Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] January 10, 2010 at 10:19 PM [PAR] Seems like this would be an easy question for you to find the answer yourself. In fact, if you had typed your question into the search box on the eNotes home page, you would have been directed to a page on eNotes titled \"Space--How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have\"? I have typed some of that info for you here. If you want to know the names we have given to each of the many moons, then click on the link in the Sources section and check out that page. [PAR] Mercury--0 moons [PAR] triteamdan | Teacher | (Level 2) Adjunct Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] February 18, 2012 at 9:18 AM [PAR] No one knows. New moons are discovered around the outer planets with fair regularity, the most recent of which was a fourth moon of Pluto's Please note that there have also been new planets discovered recently (reclassified as dwarf planets) some of which also have moons. [PAR] like 3 dislike 1 [PAR] krishna-agrawala | College Teacher | (Level 3) Valedictorian [PAR] Posted on [PAR] Moons, also called satellites, are heavenly bodies that circle planets. IN our solar system seven of the planets have moon circling them. The names of these planets with number of moon that each of them have are listed below. [PAR] Earth ... 1. This is called Moon [PAR] Pluto ... 1. This satellite is named Charon. [PAR] Mars ... 2. These are named Phobos and Deimos. [PAR] Neptune ... 8. Only two of these can be seen by telescope on earth. These are named Titon and Nereid. [PAR] Uranus ... 15. Largest five of these are named Titania, Ariel, Miranda, Puck and Portia [PAR] Jupiter ... 16. Four of the largest of these are called Io, Europa, Ganymede ,and Callisto. [PAR] Saturn ... 18. Largest five of these are named Titan, Iapetus, Rhea, Dione and Tithys. [PAR] There are no known satellites or moons of Mercury and Venus. [PAR] like 5 dislike 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Interstellar Medium What is the interstellar medium? [PAR] Links [PAR] What is the Interstellar Medium? [PAR] Simply put, the interstellar medium is the material which fills the space between the stars. Many people imagine outer space to be a complete vacuum, devoid of any material. Although the interstellar regions are more devoid of matter than any vacuum artificially created on earth, there is matter in space. These regions have very low densities and consist mainly of gas (99%) and dust . In total, approximately 15% of the visible matter in the Milky Way is composed of interstellar gas and dust. [PAR] Interstellar Gas: [PAR] Approximately 99% of the interstellar medium is composed of interstellar gas, and of its mass, about 75% is in the form of hydrogen (either molecular or atomic), with the remaining 25% as helium. The interstellar gas consists partly of neutral atoms and molecules , as well as charged particles, such as ions and electrons . This gas is extremely dilute, with an average density of about 1 atom per cubic centimeter. (For comparison, the air we breathe has a density of approximately 30,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules per cubic centimeter.) Even though the interstellar gas is very dilute, the amount of matter adds up over the vast distances between the stars. The interstellar gas is typically found in two forms: [PAR] Cold clouds of neutral atomic or molecular hydrogen; and [PAR] Hot ionized hydrogen near hot young stars. [PAR] The cold clouds of neutral or molecular hydrogen are the birthplace of new stars if they become gravitationally unstable and collapse. The neutral and molecular forms emit radiation in the radio band of the electromagnetic spectrum . [PAR] The ionized hydrogen is produced when large amounts of ultraviolet radiation are released by hot newly-formed stars. This radiation ionizes the surrounding clouds of gas. Visible light is emitted when electrons recombine with the ionized hydrogen, which is seen as beautiful red colors of emission nebulae. Examples of emission nebulae are the Trifid Nebula or the Orion Nebula (seen in this photograph). [PAR] Interstellar Dust: [PAR] Interstellar dust is not like the dust that you might find under your bed; it is made of very different substances. These dust particles are extremely small, just a fraction of a micron across, which happens to be approximately the wavelength of blue light waves. The particles are irregularly shaped, and are composed of silicates, carbon, ice, and/or iron compounds. [PAR] When light from other stars passes through the dust, a few things can happen. If the dust is thick enough, the light will be completely blocked, leading to dark areas. These dark clouds are known as dark nebulae. The Horsehead Nebula, seen to the left, is an example of this. [PAR] Light passing through a dust cloud may not be completely blocked, although all wavelengths of light passing through will be dimmed somewhat. This phenomenon is known as extinction . The extinction is caused by the light being scattered off of the dust particles out of our line of sight, preventing the light from reaching us. The amount that the light is dimmed depends upon a few factors, including the thickness a nd density of the dust cloud, as well as the wavelength (color) of the light. [PAR] Because of the size of the dust particles, scattering of blue light is favored. Therefore, less of the blue light reaches us, which means that the light that reaches us is more red than it would have been without the interstellar dust. This effect is known as interstellar reddening . (Note that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astronomical Unit Conversion - Measurement conversion A-I Astronomical Unit Conversion - Measurement conversion A-I [PAR] Measurement conversion A-I [PAR] Most often used measurement conversion [PAR] parsecs to kilometers (pc to km) converter [PAR] 1 parsec is equal 30856776029497 kilometers (km) [PAR] kilometers to parsecs (km to pc) converter [PAR] 1 kilometer (km) is equal 3.2407792669074E-14 parsec [PAR] kilometers to miles (km to mi) converter [PAR] 1 kilometer (km) is equal 0.62118591342441 mile (mi) [PAR] miles to kilometers (mi to km) converter [PAR] 1 mile (mi) is equal 1.6098240130516 kilometers (km) [PAR] miles to light-years (traditional) converter [PAR] 1 mile (mi) is equal 1.7027507939076E-13 light-year (traditional) [PAR] light-years (traditional) to miles converter [PAR] 1 light-year (traditional) is equal 5872850000000 miles (mi) [PAR] use this converter [PAR] Definition [PAR] Astronomical unit - a unit of length that is roughly equal to 150 million kilometers, the average distance from the Earth to the Sun. Other units of length used in astronomy are based on the speed of light and the time it takes light to cover a specific distance. [PAR] Units of measurement [PAR] parsec, astronomical unit (AU), kilometer (km), meter (m), mile (mi), light-year (Julian), light-year (Gregorian), light-year (traditional), light-year (tropical / solar), light-week, light-day, light-hour, light-minut, light-second [PAR] About Astronomical Unit Conversion tool. [PAR] We use rounding at unit-conversion.info. This means that some results will be rounded to avoid the numbers getting too long. While often rounding works up to a specific decimal place, we\u2019ve decided that limiting the length of the result to 13 digits would be more favorable to keep the results consistent. The converters accept scientific notation and converts immediately.[DOC] [TLE] What is a light-year and how is it used?? - NASA What is a light-year and how is it used?? [PAR] What is a light-year and how is it used? [PAR] Answer: [PAR] A light-year is a unit of distance. It is the distance that light can travel in one year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000 kilometers (km) each second. So in one year, it can travel about 10 trillion km. More p recisely, one light-year is equal to 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers. [PAR] Why would you want such a big unit of distance? Well, on Earth, a kilometer may be just fine. It is a few hundred kilometers from New York City to Washington, DC; it is a few thousand kilometers from California to Maine. In the universe, the kilometer is just too small to be useful. For example, the distance to the next nearest big galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, is 21 quintillion km. That's 21,000,000,000,000,000,000 km. This is a number so large that it becomes hard to write and hard to interpret. So astronomers use other units of distance. [PAR] In our solar system, we tend to describe distances in terms of the Astronomical Unit (AU). The AU is defined as the average distance between the Earth and the Sun. It is approximately 150 million km (93 million miles). Mercury can be said to be about 1/3 of an AU from the Sun and Pluto averages about 40 AU from the Sun. The AU, however, is not big enough of a unit when we start talking about distances to objects outside our solar system. [PAR] For distances to other parts of the Milky Way Galaxy (or even further), astronomers use units of the light-year or the parsec . The light-year we have already defined. The parsec is equal to 3.3 light-years. Using the light-year, we can say that : [PAR] The Crab supernova remnant is about 4,000 light-years away. [PAR] The Milky"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Second Biggest Planet in the Solar System ... What is the Second Biggest Planet in the Solar System? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] What is the Second Biggest Planet in the Solar System? [PAR] Article Updated: 24 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Fraser Cain [PAR] The biggest planet in the Solar System is Jupiter. But the title for the second biggest planet in our Solar System goes to Saturn. [PAR] Just for a comparison, Jupiter measures 142,984 km across its equator. Saturn for comparison is only 120,536. So Jupiter is only 1.18 times as big of Saturn. Saturn is big, but it has a much lower mass. Once again, Jupiter is 3.34 times as massive as Saturn. [PAR] Since Saturn is so big, but has so little mass, it has a very low density. In fact, if you had a pool big enough, Saturn would float. The density of Saturn is less than water. And this means that you wouldn\u2019t experience a lot of gravity if you tried to walk on the \u201csurface of Saturn\u201d. If you were standing on the surface of Saturn (I know, that\u2019s impossible), you would experience only 91% the force of Earth\u2019s gravity. [PAR] If you wanted to compare Saturn to Earth, it\u2019s 9.4 times as big as the Earth, and 95 times as massive. It it was just a hollow shell, you could pack 763 Earths inside Saturn, with a little room to spare. [PAR] Wanna see Jupiter? Here are amazing telescopes from Amazon.com which you can buy at reasonable prices: [PAR] Here\u2019s the article about how Jupiter is the biggest planet . And here\u2019s another article about just how big planets can get . [PAR] If you\u2019d like more info on Saturn, check out Hubblesite\u2019s News Releases about Saturn , and another page on Saturn from NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide . [PAR] We have recorded a whole series of podcasts about the Solar System at Astronomy Cast . Check them out here."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Life on Other Planets - Universe Today Life on Other Planets - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Abby Cessna [PAR] [/caption] [PAR] For centuries, men have pondered the possibility of life on other planets and tried to prove its existence. Even before the first shuttle or probe was launched, stories of life on other planets and life invading our own planet, were published prolifically. Whether it\u2019s a desire to connect with others or a burning curiosity to know whether we are truly alone, the question of life on other planets fascinates people from every walk of life. [PAR] An article on extraterrestrial life would not be complete without discussing Mars. Mars has been the biggest focus of the ongoing search for life on other planets for decades. This is not just a wild assumption or fancy; there are several reasons why scientists consider Mars the best place to look for extraterrestrial life. One reason why many people, including scientists, look to Mars as a possible source of life is because they believe there may be water on the planet. Since the telescope was first invented, astronomers have been able to see the channels in the terrain that look like canals or canyons. Finding water on a planet is vitally important to proving that life exists there because it acts as a solvent in chemical reactions for carbon-based life. [PAR] Another reason astronomers consider Mars as a likely location for life is because there is a good possibility that Mars is in the habitable zone. The habitable zone is a theoretical band of space a certain distance from the Sun in which conditions are optimal for the existence of carbon-based life. Unsurprisingly, Earth is in the middle of the habitable zone. Although astronomers do not know how far this zone could extend, some think that Mars could be in it. [PAR] Most astronomers are looking for life that is carbon-based and similar to life on Earth. For instance, the habitable zone only applies to favorable conditions for supporting carbon-based life, and it is definitely possible for forms of life that do not need water to exist. [PAR] Astronomers do not limit themselves to our Solar System either, suggesting that we should look at different solar systems. Scientists are planning to use interferometry\u2013an investigative technique that implements lasers, which is used in astronomy as well as other fields\u2013 to find planets in the habitable zones of other solar systems. Astronomers believe that there are hundreds of solar systems and thousands of planets, which means that statistically the odds are favorable for finding another planet that supports life. While NASA develops better probes, the search for life continues. [PAR] There are a number of sites with more information including life on other planets from Groninger Kapteyn Institute astronomy students and NASA predicts non-green plants on other planets from NASA."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Universe - General relativity: Warped space-time and ... BBC Universe - General relativity: Warped space-time and black holes [PAR] Listen now 45 min [PAR] Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Vacuum of Space. [PAR] Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Vacuum of Space, from the innards of the atom to the outer reaches of space. [PAR] About General relativity [PAR] General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalizes special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime. In particular, the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and radiation are present. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of partial differential equations. [PAR] Some predictions of general relativity differ significantly from those of classical physics, especially concerning the passage of time, the geometry of space, the motion of bodies in free fall, and the propagation of light. Examples of such differences include gravitational time dilation, gravitational lensing, the gravitational redshift of light, and the gravitational time delay. The predictions of general relativity have been confirmed in all observations and experiments to date. Although general relativity is not the only relativistic theory of gravity, it is the simplest theory that is consistent with experimental data. However, unanswered questions remain, the most fundamental being how general relativity can be reconciled with the laws of quantum physics to produce a complete and self-consistent theory of quantum gravity. [PAR] Einstein's theory has important astrophysical implications. For example, it implies the existence of black holes\u2014regions of space in which space and time are distorted in such a way that nothing, not even light, can escape\u2014as an end-state for massive stars. There is ample evidence that the intense radiation emitted by certain kinds of astronomical objects is due to black holes; for example, microquasars and active galactic nuclei result from the presence of stellar black holes and supermassive black holes, respectively. The bending of light by gravity can lead to the phenomenon of gravitational lensing, in which multiple images of the same distant astronomical object are visible in the sky. General relativity also predicts the existence of gravitational waves, which have since been observed directly by physics collaboration LIGO. In addition, general relativity is the basis of current cosmological models of a consistently expanding universe.[DOC] [TLE] Einstein's Theory of General Relativity: A Simplified ... Einstein's Theory of General Relativity: A Simplified Explanation [PAR] Einstein's Theory of General Relativity [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] July 12, 2016 04:00pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted that the space-time around Earth would be not only warped but also twisted by the planet's rotation. Gravity Probe B showed this to be correct. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] In 1905, Albert Einstein determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and that the speed of light in a vacuum was independent of the motion of all observers. This was the theory of special relativity. It introduced a new framework for all of physics and proposed new concepts of space and time. [PAR] Einstein then spent 10 years trying to include acceleration in the theory and published his theory of general relativity in 1915. In it, he determined that massive objects cause a distortion in space-time, which is felt as gravity. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes [PAR] Historic Spacecraft [PAR] Historical Overview of Mars Exploration [PAR] Since the early 1960's, dozens of spacecraft have been sent to explore Mars. [PAR] The first spacecraft to successfully flyby Mars was the American Mariner 4 spacecraft. Orbit was first achieved with Mariner 9 in 1971. The mission returned thousands of images, giving us our first global look at the planet. [PAR] The Soviet Mars 3 mission was the first to land on the surface. Unfortunately, communication ceased shortly after touchdown. [PAR] The Viking program consisted of two orbiters and two landers. The landers studied many aspects of the surface and conducted sophisticated experiments to search for life. [PAR] Mars missions have seen frequent failures, but have also some spectacular successes. [PAR] 1996 saw the launch of Mars Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor . The Pathfinder lander tested an airbag landing technique and included the small Sojourner rover. Mars 96 , a Russian probe launched the same year, suffered a booster malfunction and fell back to Earth. [PAR] The success of both Mars Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor were to start off a period of frequent missions. NASA planed on launching Mars spacecraft every two years as the planets aligned properly. [PAR] Disaster struck in 1998. Both the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander spacecraft were destroyed upon reaching Mars. [PAR] The success rate increased in the coming years. Mars Odyssey , an orbiter launched in 2001, was successful. During the 2003 launch window, NASA sent the twin Mars Exploration Rovers to the red planet. The rovers, known as Opportunity and Spirit, utilized an airbag landing technique similar to that tested on the Mars Pathfinder mission. The rovers both operated for years beyond their 90 day design life. [PAR] Also launched in 2003 was the European Mars Express mission. A small lander, Beagle 2, was carried to Mars on the Mars Express spacecraft. The lander failed to contact Earth and might have crashed into the surface. [PAR] Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter , launched in 2005, has provided high resolution imagery of the Martian surface. The spacecraft's cameras have even captured photos of landers on the surface. [PAR] The Phoenix Mars Lander , launched in 2007, landed in the polar regions. Equipped with a robot arm, the probe was able to dig into a layer of water ice just centimeters below the surface. [PAR] Landing in 2012, the large Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover carried a more sophisticated array of scientific instruments than recent landers. With power supplied by a radioisotope thermal generator, rather than by solar panels, MSL will be able to travel farther and faster then previous rovers. [PAR] Still more missions are in the planning stages, including sophisticated rovers and sample return missions. [PAR] Cronological List of Selected Mars Missions [PAR] Mission [PAR] Failed to enter Mars orbit. [PAR] Mars 5 [PAR] Entered Mars orbit, but failed after a few days [PAR] Mars 6 [PAR] Returned atmospheric data during descent, but did not survive landing. [PAR] Mars 7 [PAR] Mariner 4 [PAR] Mission [PAR] Mariner 3 & 4 were intended to conduct flybys of the planet Mars. Each spacecraft was launched on an Atlas-Agena D rocket (right). [PAR] Mariner 3 [PAR] Mariner 3 was launched on 5 November 1964. A launch shroud failed to separate and the spacecraft was not placed on the correct trajectory. [PAR] Mariner 4 [PAR] Mariner 4 was launched on 28 November 1964. The spacecraft successfully flew by Mars on 14 July 1965. The mission returned the first close-up images of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astronomical Terms - Infoplease Astronomical Terms [PAR] Health and Science > Astronomy > Astronomical Measurement [PAR] Astronomical Terms [PAR] The Milky Way, the galaxy containing our solar system, is about 100,000 light-years in diameter and about 10,000 light-years thick. [PAR] Aphelion: see Orbit. [PAR] Apogee: see Orbit. [PAR] Black hole: the theoretical end-product of the total gravitational collapse of a massive star or group of stars. Crushed even smaller than the incredibly dense neutron star, the black hole may become so dense that not even light can escape its gravitational field. In 1996, astronomers found strong evidence for a massive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. Recent evidence suggests that black holes are so common that they probably exist at the core of nearly all galaxies. [PAR] Conjunction: the alignment of two celestial objects at the same celestial longitude. Conjunction of the Moon and planets is often determined with reference to the Sun. For example, Saturn is said to be in conjunction with the Sun when Saturn and Earth are aligned on opposite sides of the Sun. [PAR] Mercury and Venus, the two planets with orbits within Earth's orbit, have two positions of conjunction. Mercury, for example, is said to be in inferior conjunction when the Sun and Earth are aligned on opposite sides of Mercury. Mercury is in superior conjunction when Mercury and Earth are aligned on opposite sides of the Sun. [PAR] Dwarf planet: see Planet. [PAR] Elongation: the angular distance between two points in the sky as measured from a third point. The elongation of Mercury, for example, is the angular distance between Mercury and the Sun as measured from Earth. Planets whose orbits are outside Earth's can have elongations between 0\u00b0 and 180\u00b0. (When a planet's elongation is 0\u00b0, it is at conjunction; when it is 180\u00b0, it is at opposition.) Because Mercury and Venus are within Earth's orbit, their greatest elongations measured from Earth are 28\u00b0 and 47\u00b0, respectively. [PAR] Galaxy: gas and millions of stars held together by gravity. All that you can see in the sky (with a very few exceptions) belongs to our galaxy\u2014a system of roughly 200 billion stars. The exceptions you can see are other galaxies. Our own galaxy, the rim of which we see as the \u201c Milky Way ,\u201d is about 100,000 light-years in diameter and about 10,000 light-years in thickness. Its shape is roughly that of a thick lens; more precisely, it is a spiral nebula, a term first used for other galaxies when they were discovered and before it was realized that these were separate and distinct galaxies. Astronomers have estimated that the universe could contain 40 to 50 billion galaxies. In 2004, the Hubble Space Telescope and observers at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii discovered a new galaxy 13 billion light-years from Earth. [PAR] Neutron star: an extremely dense star with a powerful gravitational pull. Some neutron stars pulse radio waves into space as they spin; these are known as pulsars . [PAR] Occultation: the eclipse of one celestial object by another. For example, a star is occulted when the Moon passes between it and Earth. [PAR] Opposition: the alignment of two celestial objects when their longitude differs by 180\u00b0. Opposition of the Moon and planets is often determined with reference to the Sun. For example, Saturn is said to be at opposition when Saturn and the Sun are aligned on opposite sides of Earth. Only the planets whose orbits lie outside Earth's can be in opposition to the Sun. [PAR] Orbit: the path traveled by an object in space."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Klm Airlines (KL) : Find Klm Airlines Flights and Deals ... Klm Airlines (KL) : Find Klm Airlines Flights and Deals \u2013 CheapOair [PAR] Classes of Service [PAR] World Business Class, Europe Business Class and Economy Class are the three classes of service offered by KLM Airlines. [PAR] World Business Class: Pamper yourself with irresistible luxury in the World Business Class. Relax in bed-like seats that come with features like 180 degree recline, ample legroom and headrest. Enjoy a range of audio and video programs on your personal 17 in monitor, you can even request magazines on-board. Treat your taste buds to delicious three course meals prepared by quality Dutch chefs and don't forget to enjoy the exotic wines available on-board. [PAR] Europe Business Class: In the Europe Business Class all the middle seats are unoccupied so privacy is guaranteed. Seats are extremely comfortable and come with features like superior reclining and ample legroom. Whether you want to treat your taste buds to delicious breakfasts, three course menus or exotic wines, the dining choices offered are impressive to say the least. Those of you who love a good read can enjoy the selection of newspapers and magazines available on-board. [PAR] Economy Class: Seats are ergonomically designed and come equipped with features like ample legroom, headrest and superior reclining. Treat your taste buds to everything from delicious meals to alcoholic beverages, you can even request special meals (low salt, diabetic etc) in advance. On intercontinental flights passengers can enjoy a range of audio and video programs, while on flights within Europe passengers can choose from a selection of newspapers and magazines. [PAR] Book KLM Airlines Tickets with CheapOair [PAR] KLM Airlines is the national airline of Netherlands, with its main operating hub situated at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Netherlands. This airline is renowned for its network, and operates scheduled flights to more than 133 destinations across 69 countries. Some of the famous destinations that this airline covers are London, Orlando, Washington, Melbourne, Calgary, Vancouver, Beijing, Paris, Frankfurt, Mumbai, Tel Aviv and many more. KLM Airlines is one of the few airlines that rank high on all the fronts: comfort, dining and entertainment. [PAR] In-Flight Amenities [PAR] Enjoy more than 1000 hours of entertainment which includes about 80 movies, numerous television programs, music albums and much more. [PAR] Begin your meal with a delicious appetizer, then enjoy the main dish and end the experience with an exotic dessert, your taste buds will certainly have a great time. [PAR] Seats are designed for your comfort and come with features like 180 degree recline, ample legroom, headrest, footrest and much more. [PAR] Online Check-In [PAR] All you need is an internet connection and you can select your desired seat from the comfort of your home or office. After selecting your seat, print your boarding pass and you are good to go. This process is not only fast but also efficient. Web check-in is available from 30 hours up to an hour before the flight's scheduled departure time. [PAR] Rewards Programs and Perks [PAR] Enjoy special benefits and rewards with 'Flying Blue' which is KLM's frequent flyer program. Here's how it works, every time you fly with KLM or any of its code share partners, you earn a specific number of miles depending on your purchase. You can then redeem these miles for rewards like complimentary tickets, hotel stays, car rental offers and much more. [PAR] Get there on time, every time! Check your flight status here. [PAR] [PAR] Perfect services. Good food and drink. - Radoslav Jan 18, 2017 [PAR] V.C[DOC] [TLE]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Words That Will Win You Any Game of Scrabble | Mental Floss 10 Words That Will Win You Any Game of Scrabble | Mental Floss [PAR] 10 Words That Will Win You Any Game of Scrabble [PAR] Hasbro [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Whether you consider winning at Scrabble a case of extreme luck or supreme spelling ability, here are 10 words that\u2014if conditions are right\u2014will help you trump any opponent. [PAR] 1. Oxyphenbutazone [PAR] Definition: An anti-inflammatory medication used to treat arthritis and bursitis. [PAR] Conditions: The theoretically highest-possible scoring word under American Scrabble play\u2014as calculated by Dan Stock of Ohio\u2014has never actually been played \u2026 and probably never will (unless you\u2019re really, really lucky). That\u2019s because it has to be played across three triple word score squares and build on eight already-played (and perfectly positioned) tiles. [PAR] Points: 1,778 [PAR] 2. Quizzify [PAR] Definition: To quiz or question. [PAR] Conditions: Not only will you need to draw the game\u2019s only Q and Z tiles (there\u2019s only one of each), but a blank tile, too (in place of the second Z). Play this verb as your first word across two triple word squares with the Z on a double letter score square and you\u2019ve got the game\u2019s most valuable eight-letter bingo. [PAR] Points: 419 [PAR] 3. Oxazepam [PAR] Definition: An anti-anxiety drug. [PAR] Conditions: All that stress will melt away if you can build on one existing letter , play across two triple word score squares, place one of the most valuable tiles (i.e. X or Z) on a double letter score square and net a 50-point bingo. [PAR] Points: 392 [PAR] 4. Quetzals [PAR] Definition: The national bird of Guatemala as well as one of its monetary units. [PAR] Conditions: Placement is everything to score this whopper of a word: Building on one letter, use all seven letters on your rack for a 50-point bingo, with Q and S on triple word score square and Z on a double letter score space. [PAR] Points: 374 [PAR] 5. Quixotry [PAR] Definition: A romantic or quixotic idea or action. [PAR] Conditions: In 2007, Michael Cresta used an already-played R and all seven of his tiles across two triple word score squares to earn the most points ever on a single turn, which aided in a second record for the full-time carpenter: the highest-ever individual game score (830 points). [PAR] Points: 365 [PAR] 6. Gherkins [PAR] Definition: A small pickle, made from an immature cucumber. [PAR] Conditions: In 1985, Robert Kahn paid tribute to the pickle at the National Scrabble Championship in Boston\u2014using an E and R already on the board\u2014to set a record for a non-bingo word score. [PAR] Points: 180 [PAR] 7. Quartzy [PAR] Definition: Resembling quartz. [PAR] Conditions: \u201cQuartzy\u201d held the record for highest-ever single turn score until \u201cQuixotry\u201d nearly doubled its total in 2007. Play it across a triple word score square with Z as a double letter score, with a 50-point bingo for using all seven letters on your rack. [PAR] Points: 164 [PAR] 8. Muzjiks [PAR] Definition: A Russian peasant. [PAR] Conditions: On its own (with no bonuses or extra points), \u201cmuzjiks\u201d is worth an impressive 29 points. But exhaust all of your tiles on your first turn to spell it, and you\u2019ll earn more than four times that\u2014which is what player Jesse Inman did at the National Scrabble Championship in Orlando in 2008 to earn the record for highest opening score. [PAR] Points: 126 [PAR] 9. Syzygy [PAR] Definition: An alignment of three celestial bodies. [PAR] Conditions: Forget trying to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wedding Anniversary List: Names by Years Married ... Wedding Anniversary List: Names by Years Married - Disabled World [PAR] Wedding Anniversary List: Names by Years Married [PAR] Print [PAR] Published: 2011-06-27 (Rev. 2015-06-04) - Contact: Ian Langtree at Disabled World [PAR] Synopsis: A list of wedding anniversaries by year that includes the names of materials symbols and flowers associated with the anniversary. [PAR] About Wedding Anniversary [PAR] A wedding anniversary is defined as the anniversary of the date a wedding took place. Traditional names exist for some of them: for instance, 50 years of marriage is called a \"golden wedding anniversary\" or simply a \"golden anniversary\" or \"golden wedding\". [PAR] Main Document [PAR] \"In the United States, one can receive a greeting from the President for any wedding anniversary on or after the 50th.\" [PAR] What is a Wedding Anniversary? A wedding anniversary is the anniversary of the date a wedding took place. [PAR] On a wedding anniversary in many countries it is traditional to give a gift to your partner (or couples) that symbolize the number of years of marriage. [PAR] The names of some wedding anniversaries provide guidance for appropriate or traditional gifts for the spouses to give each other; if there is a party to celebrate the wedding anniversary these gifts can be brought by the guests and/or influence the theme or decoration of the venue. [PAR] Jump-To: [PAR] Ring Size Chart [PAR] Lists of wedding anniversary gifts vary by country. [PAR] Listed below is a list of wedding anniversaries by year that includes materials, symbols, and flowers associated with the occasion. [PAR] Wedding anniversary names common to most nations include: [PAR] Wooden (5th), Tin (10th), Crystal (15th), China (20th), Silver (25th), Pearl (30th), Ruby (40th), Golden (50th), and Diamond (60th). [PAR] Wedding Anniversary Gifts List [PAR] 77.4 [PAR] Facts: Wedding Anniversary [PAR] The celebration of wedding anniversaries dates back to Roman times when husbands gave their wives a silver wreath for 25 years of marriage, and a gold wreath for 50. [PAR] Today there are traditional and modern materials related to each wedding anniversary, usually progressing from the weakest to the strongest as the years go by, to symbolize the strengthening of the relationship. [PAR] In the United States, one can receive a greeting from the President for any wedding anniversary on or after the 50th. [PAR] In the British Commonwealth domains you may receive a message from the monarch for your 60th, 65th, and 70th wedding anniversaries, and any wedding anniversary after that by applying to Buckingham Palace in the U.K., or to the Governor-General's office in the other Commonwealth realms. An exception being Australia and Canada. The delivery of congratulatory messages marking 100th birthdays and 60th wedding anniversaries is arranged by the Anniversaries Office at Buckingham Palace. [PAR] In Canada you may also receive a message from the Governor General for the 50th anniversary, and every 5th anniversary after that. [PAR] In Australia may receive a letter of congratulations from the Governor General on the 50th and all subsequent wedding anniversaries; the Prime Minister, the federal Opposition leader, local members of parliament (both state and federal), and state Governors may also send salutations for the same anniversaries. [PAR] Roman Catholics may apply for a Papal blessing through their local diocese for wedding anniversaries of a special nature such as their 25th, 50th, 60th, etc. anniversaries."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Feature: Title Field in Questions - Etudes New Feature: Title Field in Questions - Etudes [PAR] New Feature: Title Field in Questions [PAR] June 11, 2015 by Etudes Admin [PAR] 0 [PAR] Instructors now have the ability to add a \u201cTitle\u201d when authoring objective questions or essays (assignments) in the assessment engine of Etudes. This optional field provides a way to categorize questions by keywords or phrases. For example, the title may be the chapter or unit that the question\u2019s content is derived from, or it could be used to identify questions in summative assessments to collect Student Learning Outcomes (SLO) data (see Using the Question Title Field for SLO Data Collection ). [PAR] Adding Titles to Questions [PAR] When adding a question, you may also provide a title. Use one word or very short phrase for this field. [PAR] If titles are included in questions during authoring, they will be listed in a separate column in the question list of your pools. The Title column is sortable. [PAR] If you like to author your questions offline in a text file and bulk upload / paste them into Etudes via the offline authoring functionality, you can include titles to your questions by adding \u201cQuestionTitle:\u201d (case insensitive) after the question, as in the following: [PAR] Where would a \u201ctroglodyte\u201d live? [PAR] *1. In a cave[DOC] [TLE] 7 Awesome Cave Hotels To Add To Your Bucket List 7 Awesome Cave Hotels To Add To Your Bucket List | The Huffington Post [PAR] 7 Awesome Cave Hotels To Add To Your Bucket List [PAR] 04/05/2014 08:00 am ET [PAR] 280 [PAR] Lisa_Miller Associate Editor, HuffPost Travel [PAR] Sleeping under the stars or in a super luxury hotel room or even underwater ... it's all be done before. How about sleeping in a cave? [PAR] These seven cave hotels let you get up close and personal with one of nature's most fascinating wonders in really beautiful places. Check them out below. [PAR] 1. The Caves, Jamaica [PAR] While you don't actually get to sleep in caves at The Caves in Negril, Jamaica, you do get to sleep in quaint cottages. The resort is perched atop limestone cliffs, which house the namesake caves. In the evenings, guests can dine in a cave while taking in views of the ocean. [PAR] 2. Les Hautes Roches, France [PAR] Les Hautes Roches is a really pretty old monastery that sits on the Loire river and has been turned into a luxury hotel. Twelve of the 15 rooms are tucked into troglodyte caves, so your chances of staying in one are good. The hotel bar is also in a cave, so you can have your drinks on the rocks while surrounded by rocks. [PAR] 3. The Museum Hotel, Turkey [PAR] Located in Cappadocia, the Museum Hotel is a luxury retreat that also considers itself a \"living museum.\" The hotel combines history, nature and luxury in a way few other hotels can. [PAR] 4. Desert Cave Hotel, Australia [PAR] South Australia's Desert Cave Hotel isn't simply a hotel -- it's an underground world. The \"dug-out style living\" hotel includes a subterranean shopping arcade and bar, in addition to rooms. [PAR] 6. Sextantio le Grotte della Civita, Italy [PAR] These restored caves are located in Matera , Italy, which also happens to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The cave suites are decked out with modern amenities, though they maintain their natural look to enhance the cave experience. [PAR] 7. Beckham Creek Cave Lodge, USA [PAR] You can rent this entire cave lodge in Arkansas and have a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a ... How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a Game of Backgammon | uk.QACollections.com [PAR] How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a Game of Backgammon [PAR] How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a Game of Backgammon? [PAR] Each Player as 15 counters in a Backgammon. The counters are also known as checkers, draughts, stones, men or chips. Backgammon is one of the oldest board games, with archaeological evidence up to ... Read More \u00bb [PAR] Related Videos [PAR] Top Q&A For: How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the ... [PAR] How Many Counters in Backgammon? [PAR] Backgammon has thirty pieces, or fifteen for each of the two players. The pieces in Backgammon are also known as checkers, draughts, pieces, men, stones or counters. [PAR] How Many Senators Does Each State Have? [PAR] Each state is represented by two senators. Each senator is given six years senate terms. According to the law, no person shall be a senator who have not attained the age of thirty. [PAR] Where to Buy Backgammon Game Sets? [PAR] Backgammon can be a fun and exciting game for the whole family to enjoy. When choosing a Backgammon set to buy, you will want to shop from a place that gives you a variety of options in style, desi... Read More \u00bb [PAR] http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_4557155_where-buy-backgammon-game-sets.html [PAR] How Many Calories Should a Man Have Each Day? [PAR] A man's daily calorie intake is influenced by his age and activity levels, as well as his weight and other health factors. If you are trying to lose weight, you'll obviously need to intake fewer ca... Read More \u00bb[DOC] [TLE] Backgammon FAQ: Basic Rules Backgammon FAQ: Basic Rules [PAR] Backgammon FAQ [PAR] Q: What is backgammon? [PAR] Backgammon is a game played by two players, each with fifteen checkers , on a board consisting of 24 narrow triangles called point . The players move their checkers around the board according to rolls of the dice and the first player to get all their checkers off is the winner. The fun comes from hitting and blocking your opponent's checkers to impede their progress. [PAR] Backgammon is a game of odds and calculation, but it's also a game of patterns and vision. Because it is played with dice, many people think of backgammon as a gambling game. Backgammon is often played for money, but it is certainly not a game of luck. There is a surprising amount of skill in the game. [PAR] Backgammon is an easy game to learn. It's fast-actioned, and fun to play either face-to-face on a real board or over the Internet. You will spend many enjoyable years learning and improving at this game. [PAR] \"Backgammon is an easy game to play, but not easy to play well.\" \u0097Daniel Murphy [PAR] \"People think the game consists primarily of math\u0097calculating odds and so forth. That's not true. It's essentially a game of patterns, a visual game, like chess.\" \u0097Paul Magriel [PAR] \"It's a game of skill and luck. When I win I can claim it's due to my good skill. When I lose I can claim it's due to my bad luck.\" \u0097David Forthoffer [PAR] A backgammon board . [PAR] Thirty counters or checkers in two colors, fifteen of the same color for each player. [PAR] A pair of dice numbered from 1 to 6. For convenience, two pairs of dice (one pair for each player) is best. [PAR] A dice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Measure the Height of Horses: 4 Steps - wikiHow How to Measure the Height of Horses: 4 Steps (with Pictures) [PAR] How to Measure the Height of Horses [PAR] Community Q&A [PAR] Egyptians created forms of measurement thousands of years ago. One of the measurements still widely used today is the hand. Each hand represents four inches and is the primary way to measure the height of a horse. By taking a linear measurement and converting the numbers to hands, the height of a horse can be determined. [PAR] Steps [PAR] 1 [PAR] Purchase a horse measuring stick marked with hand measures. If a horse measuring stick is not available, a standard measuring tape is acceptable. [PAR] Horse measuring sticks can be found at equestrian supply stores (tack shops), farm supply stores and from various online retailers. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Make sure the horse is standing on firm level ground with its front feet as even as possible. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Place the horse measuring stick or measuring tape at the base of one of the horse's front feet and pull the measuring device up to the withers. [PAR] The withers is located at the top of the shoulders between the neck and back and is considered the highest point on a horse. The highest point of a horse is actually the top of its head, (also known as the poll), but since a horse moves its head up and down frequently, it is difficult to record this measurement accurately. [PAR] Stretch the measuring device to the highest point of the withers. More precisely, extend the measuring device up to the spiny ridge between the horse's shoulder blades. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Record the measurement. [PAR] If the horse measuring stick is being used, then the measurement can be recorded in hands immediately. If a measuring tape is being used, conversion of the measurement from inches to hands is required. [PAR] One hand equals 4 inches (10.2 cm), so divide the measurement by 4. For example, if the horse measures 71 inches (180.3 cm), divide 71 by 4 inches. The result is 17 hands with 3 inches (7.6 cm) left over. The final height would be recorded as 17.75 hands. [PAR] Community Q&A [PAR] Can I increase the height of my horse? [PAR] wikiHow Contributor [PAR] Not really, though you can make sure to feed your horse the proper feed and nutrients when the horse is young, to prevent the horse from having stunted growth. [PAR] When you're using a measuring stick, do you take the measurement from the top side or the bottom side of the reading bar? [PAR] wikiHow Contributor [PAR] Unanswered Questions [PAR] Do you use the flat bottom of cross bar on stick or the curved top with level? [PAR] If this question (or a similar one) is answered twice in this section, please click here to let us know. [PAR] Video [PAR] Tips [PAR] The hand is the most common form of horse measurement in the United States, Canada, and England. However, throughout other locations around the world, the metric system is used to record the horse's height. [PAR] When a horse measures one half hands, indicate the measurement with .2 and not with .5. [PAR] A horse measuring stick is the easiest way to measure a horse quickly and accurately. [PAR] A horse measuring under 14.3 hands high is, by definition, a pony, regardless of breed. [PAR] The height of an average horse is roughly 16 hands.[DOC] [TLE] Ways to Measure Without a Ruler - About.com Home How to Estimate Measurements"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the National Weather Service History of the National Weather Service [PAR] History of the National Weather Service [PAR] Weather.gov > History of the National Weather Service [PAR] The National Weather Service has its beginning in the early history of the United States. Weather always has been important to the citizenry of this country, and this was especially true during the 17th and 18th centuries. Weather also was important to many of the Founding Fathers. Colonial leaders who formed the path to independence of our country also were avid weather observers. Thomas Jefferson purchased a thermometer from a local Philadelphia merchant while in town for the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. He also purchased a barometer \u2014 one of the only ones in America at the time \u2014 a few days later from the same merchant. Incidentally, he noted that the high temperature in Philadelphia, Pa., on July 4, 1776 was 76 degrees. Jefferson made regular observations at Monticello from 1772-78, and participated in taking the first known simultaneous weather observations in America. George Washington also took regular observations; the last weather entry in his diary was made the day before he died. [PAR] During the early and mid-1800's, weather observation networks began to grow and expand across the United States. Although most basic meteorological instruments had existed for over 100 years, it was the telegraph that was largely responsible for the advancement of operational meteorology during the 19th century. With the advent of the telegraph, weather observations from distant points could be \"rapidly\" collected, plotted and analyzed at one location. [PAR] 1800-1899 [PAR] 2006-2009 [PAR] 2010-Current [PAR] 1849: Smithsonian Institution supplies weather instruments to telegraph companies and establishes extensive observation network. Observations submitted by telegraph to the Smithsonian, where weather maps are created. [PAR] By the end of 1849, 150 volunteers throughout the United States were reporting weather observations to the Smithsonian regularly. By 1860, 500 stations were furnishing daily telegraphic weather reports to the Washington Evening Star, and as the network grew, other existing systems were gradually absorbed, including several state weather services. [PAR] 1860: 500 stations are making regular observations, but work is interrupted by the Civil War. [PAR] 1869: Telegraph service, instituted in Cincinnati, began collecting weather data and producing weather charts. [PAR] The ability to observe and display simultaneously observed weather data, through the use of the telegraph, quickly led to initial efforts toward the next logical advancement, the forecasting of weather. However, the ability to observe and forecast weather over much of the country, required considerable structure and organization, which could be provided through a government agency. [PAR] 1870: A Joint Congressional Resolution requiring the Secretary of War \"to provide for taking meteorological observations at the military stations in the interior of the continent, and at other points in the States and Territories...and for giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms\" was introduced. Congress passed the resolution and on February 9, 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant signed it into law. A new national weather service had been born within the U.S. Army Signal Service\u2019s Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of Commerce that would affect the daily lives of most of the citizens of the United States through its forecasts and warnings for years to come. [PAR] 1870-1880: Gen. Albert J. Myer serves as chief signal officer, directing the new weather service. [PAR] 1880: Upon the death of Gen. Myer, Gen. William Babcock Hazen takes over as chief signal officer. He serves"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] West Indies | Article about West Indies by The Free Dictionary West Indies | Article about West Indies by The Free Dictionary [PAR] West Indies | Article about West Indies by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/West+Indies [PAR] Related to West Indies: East Indies [PAR] West Indies, [PAR] archipelago, between North and South America, curving c.2,500 mi (4,020 km) from Florida to the coast of Venezuela and separating the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico from the Atlantic Ocean. The archipelago, sometimes called the Antilles, is divided into three groups: the Bahamas Bahamas, the [PAR] , officially Commonwealth of the Bahamas, independent nation (2005 est. pop. 301,800), 4,403 sq mi (11,404 sq km), in the Atlantic Ocean, consisting of some 700 islands and islets and about 2,400 cays, beginning c.50 mi (80 km) off SE Florida and extending c. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ; the Greater Antilles ( Cuba Cuba [PAR] , officially Republic of Cuba, republic (2005 est. pop. 11,347,000), 42,804 sq mi (110,860 sq km), consisting of the island of Cuba and numerous adjacent islands, in the Caribbean Sea. Havana is the capital and largest city. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Jamaica Jamaica [PAR] , independent state within the Commonwealth (2005 est. pop. 2,732,000), 4,232 sq mi (10,962 sq km), coextensive with the island of Jamaica, West Indies, S of Cuba and W of Haiti. Jamaica is the largest island in the Caribbean after Cuba and Hispaniola. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Haiti Haiti [PAR] , Fr. Ha\u00efti , officially Republic of Haiti, republic (2005 est. pop. 8,122,000), 10,700 sq mi (27,713 sq km), West Indies, on the western third of the island of Hispaniola. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic [PAR] , republic (2005 est. pop. 8,950,000), 18,700 sq mi (48,442 sq km), West Indies, on the eastern two thirds of the island of Hispaniola. The capital and largest city is Santo Domingo. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , and Puerto Rico Puerto Rico [PAR] , island (2005 est. pop. 3,917,000), 3,508 sq mi (9,086 sq km), West Indies, c.1,000 mi (1,610 km) SE of Miami, Fla. Officially known as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (a self-governing entity in association with the United States), it includes the offshore islands [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ); and the Lesser Antilles ( Leeward Islands Leeward Islands [PAR] , northern group of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, extending SE from Puerto Rico to the Windward Islands. The principal islands are the American Virgin Islands; the French island and overseas dept. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Windward Islands Windward Islands, [PAR] southern group of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, curving generally southward for c.300 mi (480 km) from the Leeward Islands toward NE Venezuela. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago [PAR] , officially Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, republic (2005 est. pop. 1,088,000), 1,980 sq mi (5,129 sq km), West Indies. The capital is Port of Spain. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Barbados Barbados [PAR] , island state (2005 est. pop. 279,300), 166 sq mi (430 sq km), in the West Indies. The capital and largest city is Bridgetown. Land, People, and Economy [PAR] The island, E of St. Vincent, in the Windward Islands, is the easternmost of the Caribbean islands. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ) and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] www.urbanmarket.com \ufffc [PAR] \u2022 Perth, Ontario - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Perth, Scotland [PAR] [44 miles (71km) N of Edinburgh, 22 miles (35km) SW of Dundee, 64 miles (103km) NE of Glasgow] [PAR] The Perth Scotland City Hall at right [photo by Adam Murray - Perth Scotland] [PAR] Known to the Romans as Bertha from the Celtic 'Aber The' meaning mouth of the Tay. The city has been a Royal Burgh since the 13thC and was a Royal residence throughout the middle ages. Perth is often referred to as the Ancient Capital of Scotland on this account until the mid-15th century. [PAR] Perth, Scotland retains close ties to its counterpart in Ontario. [PAR] Perth Ontario and Perth Scotland were \"twinned\" in 2000 . The Town of Perth Ontario invited a delegation from Perth Scotland to visit Canada to help celebrate the millennium in July of that year and at the same time form a twinning link. [PAR] Like Perth Ontario, Perth Scotland has an old golf course, the oldest golf course in Scotland and indeed the world. The North Inch golf course was in use back in the 15th century. Church records show punishments being handed out to members who played golf on the Sabbath rather than go to church (circa 1596). It started life as a six hole course and was steadily increased throughout the years. Today of course it is a full 18 holes. It is not a difficult course, but very enjoyable to play. The course is best described as parkland. The North Inch is one of the two large parks in the city which have been there for hundreds of years. The other - the South Inch - also had a course, but this was closed some 200 years ago. [submitted by Jack Paterson - Totnes in Devon, Sout West England - a very lovely Elizabethan Town, the second oldest bourough in England] [PAR] Perth & Kinross already had strong links with Perth, Ontario. Over the last few years the two communities, in particular the Pipe and Drum Bands had formed exchanges and maintained strong friendships. [PAR] Adam Murray of Perth in Scotland recently discovered this site and provided the following photos from Perth Scotland.[Thanks Adam!] [PAR] Adam Murray of Perth in Scotland recently discovered this site and provided the following photos from Perth Scotland.[Thanks Adam!] [PAR] The church in the distance is called St Christophers and is of the protestant faith (Church of Scotland). [PAR] [PAR] Tay Street from the Railroad Bridge [PAR] King's Road on an Early Summer Morning [PAR] looking down the Perth High Street towards the old high street at the end. [PAR] looking down at Perth in the Tay valley from up on Moncrieffe Hill [PAR] Dusk above Perth Scotland [PAR] You may visit Perth, Scotland online at Perthshire Scotland or Perth and Kinross Council homepage. [PAR] See Also: [PAR] Perth, Western Australia [PAR] [12 miles by rail from the sea at Freemantle, 1700 miles WNW of Melbourne] [PAR] Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, is home to 1.38 million people and enjoys more hours of sunshine than any other capital city in Australia. Arguably the largest state in the world, Western Australia covers one-third of the Australian continent. Spanning over 2.5 million square kilometres (1 million square miles), Western Australia extends into different climatic zones simultaneously. When it is warm and dry in the north of the State, it is cool and wet in the south - that's how big Western Australia is. [PAR] Named after the Scottish city, Perth was announced a city in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Switzerland Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols ... Switzerland Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Ethnicity: German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6% [PAR] GDP total: $362.4 billion (2012 est.) [PAR] GDP per capita: $54,600 (2012 est.) [PAR] Language: German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 2.8% [PAR] note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and official languages [PAR] Largest Cities: (by population) Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Bern, Lausanne [PAR] Name: Switzerland's name comes from the German derivative Suito and the Schwyz canton in the central part of the country [PAR] National Day: August 1 [PAR] Religion: Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Muslim 4.3%, Orthodox 1.8%, other Christian 0.4%, other 1%, unspecified 4.3%, none 11.1%[DOC] [TLE] Switzerland - the largest cities 2014 | Statistic \u2022 Switzerland - the largest cities 2015 | Statistic [PAR] Fear of unchecked influx of migrants threatens the European open border policy [PAR] Switzerland: The largest cities in 2015 [PAR] This statistic shows the ten biggest cities in Switzerland, as of 2015, by number of inhabitants. In 2015, Zurich was Switzerland's most-populous city with approximately 396,955 inhabitants. See Switzerland's population figures for comparison. [PAR] Download this statistic as XLS, PNG and PDF? [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Access to basic statistics (approx. 7%) [PAR] Common download functions [PAR] All the advantages of the Basic Account [PAR] Instant access to all statistics [PAR] Download as XLS, PNG and PDF"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europe Landforms and Land Statistics - WorldAtlas.com Europe Landforms and Land Statistics - Europe Landforms, Land Statistics [PAR] Print this map [PAR] Alps: [PAR] Located in south-central Europe, they extend for almost 700 miles from the coastline of southern France (near Monaco) into Switzerland , northern Italy and Austria, then southeast through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina as the (Dinaric Alps). Ending in Albania on the rugged coastline of the Adriatic Sea. [PAR] Known for stunning scenery, glaciers, lakes and valleys and the best skiing conditions on the planet, they're the source of many rivers and tributaries including the Danube, Po, Rhine and Rhone . [PAR] The highest point is Mont Blanc at 15,771 ft. (4,807 m) [PAR] Apennines: [PAR] The source of almost all rivers in Italy including the Arno, Tiber, and Volturno , the Apennines Mountains (Ital. Appennino) 830 miles (1,350 km) in length, form the backbone of the country, and run the entire length of the Italian Peninsula, ending on the island of Sicily. [PAR] The highest point is Mt. Corno at 9,560 ft. (2,914 m). [PAR] Atlantic Highlands: [PAR] Formed million of years ago during the Caledonian mountain-building periods as western lands were (forced) or pushed against the Scandinavian Shield. Significant mountain ranges here include the Kjolen in Norway and Sweden, and the Pennines that stretch through the central United Kingdom. [PAR] Balkan Mountains [PAR] These mountains extend from Yugoslavia across Bulgaria. Additional ranges run through Albania, Greece and Macedonia. [PAR] Its most famous mountain is Mt. Olympus, the highest and most awe-inspiring peak in all of Greece. In ancient times it was the mythical home of Zeus, and was declared the first national park in Greece in 1939. It stands at 9,568 ft. (2,918 m). [PAR] Carpathian Mountains [PAR] This mountain system located in eastern Europe is the source of the Dniester, Tisza and Vistula Rivers . They form the natural border between Slovakia and southern Poland, and then extend southward through Ukraine and into Romania. [PAR] There are major subdivisions, and the highest point is Mt. Gerlachovkain in northern Slovakia, standing at 8,711 ft. (2,655 m). [PAR] Caucasus Mountains [PAR] Stretching from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, these volcanic mountains have many peaks above 15,000 ft. (4,572 m). [PAR] The highest point (and the highest point in Europe) is located here; Mt. Elbrus at 18,506 ft. (5,642 m). [PAR] Great Hungarian Plain [PAR] Located in southeastern Europe, and surrounded by mountains, the land features several small forests and large patches of grassland. It averages only 100 meters above sea level and often suffers from dry conditions, thus relying on winter snow run-off from the Alps and Carpathian Mountains. [PAR] Kjolen Mountains [PAR] This jagged mountain system runs along the border of eastern Norway and western Sweden. The highest point is Mt. Kebnekaise, standing at 6,965 ft. (2,123 m). [PAR] Massif Central [PAR] This mountainous plateau of southeastern France is the source of the Allier, Creuse and Loire . It's about 32,189 sq. miles (85, 001 sq. km) in size, and the highest point is Puy de Sancy at 6,186 ft. (1,885 m). [PAR] Mesata [PAR] The central plateau, or Mesata, covers nearly half of the entire country of Spain. This high plateau averages about 2,300 ft. (700 m) in the north, and 2,000 ft. (600 m) in the south. [PAR] It's surrounded by a series of mountain ranges including the Cantabrian, Sierra De Gata and Sierra Guadarrama in the north and central, and the Sierra Morena and Sierra Nevada in the south. [PAR] These mountains separate the Meseta from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Iraq? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Iraq? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Iraq [PAR] The Capital City of Iraq (officially named Republic of Iraq) is the city of Baghdad. The population of Baghdad in the year 2007 was 29,267,000. [PAR] Iraq is an Arabic and Kurdish speaking country on the coasts of the Persian Gulf ( The Indian Ocean. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] Where is Iraq? - Worldatlas.com Where is Iraq? / Where is Iraq Located in The World? / Iraq Map - WorldAtlas.com [PAR] What is the capital of Iraq? [PAR] Located in the continent of Asia , Iraq covers 437,367 square kilometers of land and 950 square kilometers of water, making it the 59th largest nation in the world with a total area of 438,317 square kilometers. [PAR] Iraq became an independent state in 1932, after gaining its sovereignty from Turkey. The population of Iraq is 31,129,225 (2012) and the nation has a density of 71 people per square kilometer. [PAR] The currency of Iraq is the Iraqi Dinar (IQD). As well, the people of Iraq are refered to as Iraqi. [PAR] The dialing code for the country is 964 and the top level internet domain for Iraqi sites is .iq. [PAR] To learn more, visit our detailed Iraq section. [PAR] Quick facts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co ... What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com [PAR] In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? [PAR] A: Madagascar. [PAR] RAW Paste Data [PAR] What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of Maldives , Maldives Information, Indian Ocean Islands Maldives Map / Geography of Maldives / Map of Maldives - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Print this map [PAR] The Maldives, a group of about 1,200 islands, separated into a series of coral atolls, is just north of the Equator in the Indian Ocean . Only 200 of the islands are inhabited. It has a population of 393,988 and celebrates their National Day on July 26th. [PAR] Many of these tropical atolls and islands are simply gorgeous, with swaying palms, white sandy beaches and deep-blue lagoons; none of the islands rise higher than 7.8 ft. above sea level. [PAR] These low-lying specs of coral are subject to erosion, and stand at the mercy of any sea level rise. Some were severely damaged during the December 2004 Tsunami . [PAR] The culture of the Maldives as we know it today, developed and flourished sometime around the 3rd century BC, as a 1,400 year-long Buddhist period cemented a foundational importance in the island's history. [PAR] Due to its strategic location, the Maldives aroused the interest of Middle Easterners , and by the 10th century AD trade routes were established and Islam was introduced to the region. [PAR] Despite being ruled by an independent Islamic sultanate for centuries, the Maldives were taken over by the Dutch in the mid-17th century, and later, were driven out by British forces some years later. [PAR] As a British protectorate, the Maldives were given military protection, and non-interference in local administration. [PAR] At the emergence of a proposed constitutional monarchy, conflicts erupted, and the people of the Maldives pushed for independence. [PAR] The Maldives successfully gained their freedom from the United Kingdom in 1965, and three years later, declared itself an independent republic. [PAR] In 1978, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was elected president, and a period of political stability flourished along with an increase in tourism and increased foreign contact. [PAR] In spite of the booming economy, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's presidency was seen as controversial, and a series of coup attempts throughout the 1980s were attempted. [PAR] Additional riots in the capital city of Mal\u00e8 during August 2004 garnered worldwide attention, and prompted the president and his government to pledge much needed democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. [PAR] Prev Page 1/2 Next Page [PAR] See Also[DOC] [TLE] AYADA MALDIVES LUXURY RESORT AYADA MALDIVES LUXURY RESORT [PAR] BOOK NOW! [PAR] Included in Conde Nast Traveller\u2019s list of best hotels in the Maldives, voted the\u2018Indian Ocean's Leading Luxury Resort\u2019 and the \u2018Indian Ocean's Leading Villa Resort & Spa\u2019 at the 2014 World Travel Awards, Ayada Maldives is a private island resort offering a truly luxurious retreat with a genuine Maldivian style. Set in the relatively unexplored Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll in the south of the country \u2013 just a few kilometres above the equator \u2013 the luxury resort offers 122 spacious villas and suites, all with private pools, butler service and thoughtful five-star detailing. Traditional thatched-roof water-villas stand on stilts over the resort\u2019s peaceful lagoon, while beach villas offer absolute privacy amid tropical greenery alongside powder-soft palm-lined white beaches. Food lovers can explore the six restaurants, while those seeking complete relaxation will find their haven in the large spa which boasts a Turkish Hammam and eight private treatment villas. [PAR] The resort is noted for its gardens and tropical greenery and is ringed by a pristine coral reef where dolphins are frequent visitors. The active can explore the area on a host of excursions while at the resort they can play tennis or badminton, take"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rivers and Streams - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S ... Rivers and Streams - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Rivers and Streams [PAR] Rivers and Streams [PAR] Rivers and Streams [PAR] Water is a vital natural resource, particularly in the arid southwest. Most of the flow of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon originates in the Rocky Mountain region. From its origin to its mouth in the Gulf of California, many hands have claimed the Colorado waters for such purposes as irrigation and water supply. [PAR] The Colorado River within the boundaries of Grand Canyon National Park drains an area of approximately 41,070 square miles. The major perennial streams feeding into the Colorado (such as Kanab and Havasu creeks, the Little Colorado River and the Paria River) are related to large perennial spring systems on both the north and south sides of the Canyon. However, the majority of water sources are intermittent or ephemeral in nature. The availability of water in these individual systems is closely related to geologic structure, seasonality and annual precipitation. Knowledge of all water sources within Grand Canyon is incomplete. A partial inventory was done in 1979 over a 1,881 square mile area of the park which found 57 perennial water sources, 21 of which are streams and 36 which are seeps. Specific geologic layers, such as the Muav limestone, are the most common sources for these perennial waters.[DOC] [TLE] River Running: Part 1 - Arizona Handbook River Running: Part 1 [PAR] RIVER RUNNING THROUGH THE GRAND CANYON [PAR] Part 1: Introduction [PAR] Running the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon provides the excitement of roaring rapids and the tranquility of gliding in silent passages. It rates as one of the world's greatest adventures! A journey through the Canyon by river, with some side hikes, might be the single best way to see and appreciate the grandeur and beauty here. Many beautifully sculptured side canyons, some with lush vegetation, can be easily reached only from the river. Just being at the bottom of the Canyon is a delight, whether riding atop the waves, strolling past convoluted walls of an unnamed side canyon, or enjoying life at camp. [PAR] Although explorers of the 19th century feared this section of the river, rendering it in dark and gloomy drawings, boating the Canyon has become a safe and enjoyable experience. It opens up some of the most grand and remote corners of the Canyon. River parties make frequent stops to explore the twisting side canyons, old mining camps, and Indian ruins along the way. Within the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River flows 277 miles, drops 2,200 feet, and thunders through 70 major rapids. [PAR] A river trip through the Grand Canyon requires a large commitment in time, whitewater experience, equipment, expense, and permit procedures. About one-third of river runners do it themselves with a noncommercial river trip permit from the park. The easier option, taken by most people, simply involves setting aside the time for the trip and paying a river company to handle the many details. [PAR] Mark, Eric (at the oars), and Sherry enjoying a ride in the dory Virgin near Whitmore Wash. [PAR] This 19-day trip in April from Lees Ferry to Lake Mead allowed plenty of time to explore, including two layover days for hiking. [PAR] YOUR OPTIONS [PAR] Boats [PAR] Both oar-powered and motorized craft run the river. Motor-powered rafts can zip through the entire Canyon in six days, or zoom from Lees Ferry to Phantom Ranch in two days. The oar- or paddle-boat trips take half again"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ireland not the Hibernia of the Ancients - Electric Scotland Ireland not the Hibernia of the Ancients [PAR] Notes on the Early History of Scotland [PAR] Ireland not the Hibernia of the Ancients [PAR] It is a well-known fact that most of the writers who have dealt with the early history of Scotland state that Scotia, [PAR] the ancient name of this country, was a name applied to Ireland only till the eleventh century. A few writers have maintained that Scotland was the only Scotia; but the opinion seems to be gradually gaining ground, and is now almost universally adopted, that when Scotia is mentioned in the works of writers who lived before the eleventh century, the country they refer to is Ireland. [PAR] Incredible as it may seem to some persons, the foundation for this belief is very unsatisfactory. It almost entirely rests upon the assumption that Ireland was always called Hibernia; but this is not the case. It is doubtless asserted to have been always so called in a few works of questionable authenticity; but there is, fortunately, plenty of trustworthy testimony to establish the fact that before the eleventh century the island now known with the name of Ireland, and Hibernia were different countries. In addition to this we have the distinct statement of the only early English annalist whose work has apparently escaped the ravages of manipulatinq monks, Ethelwerd, that Ireland was first so called at the beginning of the tenth centnry, and that since the time of Julius Caesar till then it was known by the name of Bretannis. [PAR] It might be granted that Hibernia and Scotia were names ajplied to one country before the eleventh century without believing that Ireland was ever called Scotia, but there is no trustworthy evidence to show that even this was the case. The writings in which they are made to appear as synonymous names for Ireland, such as Adamnan\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds \"Life of St. Columba,\" and Bede\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds \"Ecclesiastical History,\" can be shown to have been manipulated for this purpose. [PAR] When Ireland first became known by the name of Hibernia it may now be impossible to ascertain but there are good reasons for believing that [PAR] it was not so called till the twelfth century, when the Roman Church first obtained supremacy there. [PAR] In the work ascribed to Richard of Cirencester entitled \"De Situ Britaunhe,\" it is certainly distinctly stated that Hibernia was an ancient nanic of Ireland, thus [PAR] :\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\" Having now finished our survey of Albion, we shall describe the neighbouring country, Hibernia or Ireland, with the same brevity. Hibernia is situated more westerly than any other country except England,\" &c. It was at first believed, on the authority of the compiler, that this was the work of a monk of the fourteenth century, compiled from materials left by a Roman general but it was not published till the year 1757, and it seems never to have been heard of during the 400 years since it was said to have been written. On account of the late date at which it was made known, Pinkerton in his \" Enquiry\" received it with distrust, but he sometimes quoted it as an authority. Many other writers accepted its information without the shadow of a doubt as to its authenticity. Burton, the author of the \"History of Scotland,\" seems to have been among the first to expose its real character; and it is now generally believed to be a fabrication of the eighteenth century. Dr. Skene considers it an impudent forgery; and he adds, that Horsley\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Britannia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Pennyworth - Batman Wiki - Wikia Alfred Pennyworth | Batman Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Pre-Crisis [PAR] Alfred in the Batcave [PAR] Alfred was a retired intelligence agent who followed the deathbed wish of his dying father, Jarvis, to carry on the tradition of serving the Wayne Family. To that end, Alfred introduced himself to Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson at Wayne Manor and insisted on becoming their butler. Although the pair did not want one, especially since they did not want to jeopardize their secret identities with a servant in the house, they did not have the heart to reject Alfred. That night, Alfred awoke to moaning and followed the sound to the secret door to the staircase to the Batcave and met his would-be employers in their superhero identities (Wayne had been injured while out in the field). As it turned out, the wounds were actually insignificant, but Alfred's care convinced the residents that their butler could be trusted. Since then, Alfred included the support staff duties of the Dynamic Duo on top of his regular tasks. [PAR] Later, Alfred was reunited with his long-lost daughter, Julia Remarque . This character has yet to appear in the Post-Crisis comics. [PAR] Post-Crisis [PAR] In the Post-Crisis comics' continuity, Alfred has been the Wayne Family butler all of Bruce's life and had helped his master establish his superhero career from the beginning. [PAR] Alfred in his youth, raising a young Bruce. [PAR] In addition, he was Bruce's legal guardian following the deaths of his parents. Alfred's history has been modified several times over the years, creating assorted versions. In one such version, Alfred was hired away from the British Royal Family by Bruce's parents, and he virtually raised Bruce after they were murdered. [PAR] Meanwhile, another version of Alfred's Post-Crisis life was slightly more closely linked to his pre-Crisis counterpart. In this version Alfred was an actor on the English Stage, who agreed to become the Waynes' butler, only so as to honor the dying wish of his father. At the time he begins working for the Waynes, Bruce is but a young child. After several months, Alfred voices the desire to quit and return home to continue his life as an actor. However, these plans are momentarily forgotten when young Bruce returns home, after getting into a fight with a school bully. Alfred teaches Bruce to handle the bully strategically, rather than using brute force. Following Alfred's advice, Bruce manages to take care of his bully problem. Upon returning home, Bruce requests that Alfred stays, and Alfred agrees without a second thought. [PAR] Following the Infinite Crisis however it appears that Alfred's history has been merged to combine both his pre and post-Crisis histories. He spent years as a member of the British Guard and later became a member of MI-5 before retiring and taking up his love of acting. Following his father's death, he then became the Wayne Family Butler. Whether or not the rest of his history has remained the same or has been yet again altered has not yet been revealed, although it has been occasionally hinted at. [PAR] Following the murders of the Wayne Family, Alfred was named Bruce's legal guardian in the will left by Thomas and Martha, however, social services combated the will feeling that Bruce should not be raised by a servant. However, Bruce managed to remain in Alfred's care by, despite his young age, bribing the social service agent into allowing Alfred to raise him. [PAR] Alfred mending the Batsuit [PAR] Alfred would later aid Bruce"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Phobia List The Phobia List [PAR] Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. [PAR] Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. [PAR] Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. [PAR] Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. [PAR] Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) [PAR] Androphobia- Fear of men. [PAR] Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) [PAR] Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. [PAR] Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. [PAR] Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. [PAR] Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. [PAR] Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. [PAR] Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. [PAR] Antlophobia- Fear of floods. [PAR] Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. [PAR] Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. [PAR] Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) [PAR] Apiphobia- Fear of bees. [PAR] Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. [PAR] Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. [PAR] Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. [PAR] Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. [PAR] Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty. [PAR] Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. [PAR] Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer. [PAR] Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart. [PAR] Carnophobia- Fear of meat. [PAR] Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed. [PAR] Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places. [PAR] Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting. [PAR] Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas. [PAR] Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) [PAR] Chaetophobia- Fear of hair. [PAR] Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia) [PAR] Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals. [PAR] Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety. [PAR] Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Chirophobia- Fear of hands. [PAR] Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera. [PAR] Chorophobia- Fear of dancing. [PAR] Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money. [PAR] Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors. [PAR] Chronophobia- Fear of time. [PAR] Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia) [PAR] Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces. [PAR] Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place. [PAR] Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing. [PAR] Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs. [PAR] Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed. [PAR] Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed. [PAR] Cnidophobia- Fear of stings. [PAR] Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions. [PAR] Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements. [PAR] Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations. [PAR] Dementophobia- Fear of insanity. [PAR] Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons. [PAR] Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia) [PAR] Dendrophobia- Fear of trees. [PAR] Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions. [PAR] Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease. [PAR] Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body. [PAR] Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes. [PAR] Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. [PAR] Dikephobia- Fear of justice. [PAR] Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools. [PAR] Diplophobia- Fear of double vision. [PAR] Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking. [PAR] Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone. [PAR] Disposophobia- Fear of throwing stuff out. Hoarding. [PAR] Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia) [PAR] Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals. [PAR] Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise. [PAR] Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets. [PAR] Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch. [PAR] Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity. [PAR] Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things. [PAR] Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. [PAR] Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed. [PAR] Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure. [PAR] Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. [PAR] Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology. [PAR] Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms. [PAR] Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiger Woods - Biography - IMDb Tiger Woods - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Tiger Woods [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 64 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (49) | Personal Quotes (8) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] At age 21, Tiger Woods became the youngest Masters champ and the first golfer since Jerry Pate in 1976 to win in the first major he played. In 1997, Woods took the lead at the Augusta golf classic and then put on a golf clinic never seen before. He fired a 3-under-par 69 and broke the tournament 72-hole record with an unbelievable 18-under 270. The 12-stroke margin of victory was the largest in Masters history. Woods was chosen as the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year and ESPY Male Athlete of the Year in 1997. He was also one of the most accomplished amateur golfers in history, winning six USGA national championships, an NCAA title during his two years at Stanford University, and an unprecedented three consecutive U.S. Amateur Championships. He finished first on the PGA Tour five times in 1999. More importantly, Woods opened wide a door of society in becoming the first African American, as well as the first Asian American, to win a major. Woods was granted dual citizenship by the Thai government (his mother, Kultida, is of half Thai and one quarter Chinese, descent) in 1997 prior to playing in the Asian Honda Classic. Woods has captured the hearts and imaginations of even non-golf fans around the world. Affable and good looking, he became an international star and a prime endorser of golfing equipment and apparel. Born Eldrick Woods on December 30, 1975, in Cypress, California, his distinctive nickname \"Tiger\" came from his father Earl's Green Beret army past. \"Tiger\" had been the moniker of a South Vietnamese officer who saved Earl's life on several occasions. As a child, Woods was one of junior golf's most accomplished players. He putted against Bob Hope on The Mike Douglas Show (1961) at the improbable age of 2, shot 48 for nine holes at age 3, and was featured in \"Golf Digest\" at age 5. Woods won several major youth titles in southern California. He won three straight U.S. Amateur titles in 1994, 1995 and 1996 after winning three consecutive U.S. Junior Amateur titles in 1991, 1992 and 1993. He turned professional in the summer of 1996, and the game of golf hasn't been the same since. Sense of humor intact, Woods once observed, \"Hockey is a sport for white men. Basketball is a sport for black men. Golf is a sport for white men dressed like black pimps\". [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Vicki McClure Davidson [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 5 October 2004 - 23 August 2010) (divorced) (2 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (1) [PAR] During the final round (which is usually on Sundays) he almost always wears a red Nike t-shirt and a black Nike baseball cap [PAR] Trivia (49) [PAR] Attended Stanford University but left before graduating in order to pursue his golfing career. [PAR] Nicknamed Tiger after a Vietnamese soldier and friend of his father, Vuong Dang Phong, to whom his father had also given that nickname. [PAR] His father, Earl Woods , was a retired lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army. His mother, Kultida Woods , is a native of Thailand. Tiger's father was born in Manhattan, Kansas, to African-American parents, Miles Woods and Maude Carter. Tiger's maternal grandfather was Thai, while"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fred Flintstone - The Flintstones - Wikia Fred Flintstone | The Flintstones | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Personality and occupation [PAR] Fred and Barney in Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas. [PAR] Fred's personality was based on that of Ralph Kramden of the 1950s television series The Honeymooners and Chester A. Riley from The Life of Riley. Thus, much like Ralph, Fred tends to be loud-mouthed, aggressive, and constantly scheming ways to improve his family's working class lot in life, often with unintended results. Archie Bunker of All in the Family & Archie Bunker's Place and George Jefferson of The Jeffersons also have similar personalities based on Fred Flintstone. [PAR] Fred is a typical blue-collar worker, who works as a \"bronto crane operator\" at Slate Rock and Gravel Company (also known as Rockhead and Quarry Cave Construction Company in the earliest episodes). However, when their children become teenagers, Fred and Barney join the Bedrock police force. Fred and Barney even coached two baseball teams as well. [PAR] The Flintstone family came from \"Arkenstone\" where they had been engaged in a feud with the \"Hatrock\" family which had been caused by an ancestor of Fred's making a wisecrack of a Hatrock family portrait (\"I don't know what the artist got for doing that painting but he should have gotten life\"). In \" The Bedrock Hillbillies \", the feud is ended when Fred helps save a Hatrock baby (and Pebbles) from going over a waterfall only to start up again when Fred makes the very same wisecrack. In \" The Hatrocks and the Gruesomes \", when the \"Hatrock\" family visited the Flintstone family and being friends, until when Bug Music was played & the Hatrocks can't stand the Bug Music. The last of the Arkenstone Flintstones was Fred's Great-uncle Zeke Flintstone. Other Flintstone relatives were Giggles Flintstone - a rich eccentric practical joker whose jokes drive Fred into a mad rage; an \"Uncle Tex\" and his sister \"Aunt Jamima\". [PAR] Fred in Flintstones the Movie. [PAR] Fred's interests include bowling, playing pool, poker and lounging around the house, and playing golf. At the first two of these, he is very skilled, as seen in one of the episodes where he plays against Wilma's unsuspecting mother. Fred has won championships with his incredible bowling skills. In \" Bowling Ballet \", he goes so far as to take ballet lessons in order to improve his game which led to his nickname \"Twinkletoes\". The nickname of \"Twinkletoes\" stuck with him when Fred attended a local college and became eligible to play on their football team, and it became his call sign. Fred is also an excellent golfer. In \" The Golf Champion \", he wins the championship only to have Barney repossess the winning trophy cup because Fred is behind in his dues. Fred, like Barney, was also a member of the Loyal Order of Water Buffalos Lodge (named \"the Loyal Order of Dinosaurs\" in an early episode). Fred also has a serious gambling problem; the mere mention of the word \"bet\" causes Fred to stammer \"bet\" over and over again and go on gambling binges. [PAR] The original series had several stories regarding TV with Fred as a dupe. In one, Fred makes a fool of himself trying to give Wilma acting lessons after she wins a TV appearance \u2013 only for the only part of her to appear on TV is her hands. In another, when Fred wins a TV appearance he tries to act like a \"Stage parent\" - until he comes down with stage fright. A third time Fred"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a group of monkeys called? - Research Maniacs What is a group of monkeys called? [PAR] What is a group of monkeys called? [PAR] Collective Noun for Monkeys [PAR] The collective noun for monkeys is the word you would use to describe a group of monkeys. [PAR] We have identified the following word(s) that you could call a group of monkeys: [PAR] barrel [PAR] troop [PAR] wilderness [PAR] Used in a sentence, you could say \"Look at the barrel of monkeys\", where \"barrel\" is the collective noun that means group. [PAR] As you can see, you simply substitute the word \"group\" with one of the collective nouns on our list above when describing a group of monkeys.[DOC] [TLE] Chain e-mail claims that when baboons congregate, it's ... Chain e-mail claims that when baboons congregate, it's called a 'congress.' | PolitiFact Rhode Island [PAR] \"What is the proper collective noun for a group of baboons? Believe it or not . . . a Congress!\" [PAR] \u2014 Chain email on Saturday, December 10th, 2011 in a message via the Internet [PAR] Chain e-mail claims that when baboons congregate, it's called a 'congress.' [PAR] By C. Eugene Emery Jr. on Monday, January 2nd, 2012 at 9:33 a.m. [PAR] \"We are all familiar with a herd of cows, a flock of chickens, a school of fish and a gaggle of geese,\" the e-mail begins. \"However, less widely known is a pride of lions, a murder of crows (as well as their cousins the rooks and ravens), an exaltation of doves and, presumably because they look so wise, a parliament of owls. [PAR] \"Now consider a group of baboons. They are the loudest, most dangerous, most obnoxious, most viciously aggressive and least intelligent of all primates. And what is the proper collective noun for a group of baboons? Believe it or not ... a Congress! I guess that pretty much explains the things that come out of Washington!\" [PAR] We at PolitiFact have learned from experience to be skeptical of anything we see in the contagion of e-mails we receive. But we wondered, since we're always skeptical of our own skepticism, could this just be a joke, or could this little tidbit be true? [PAR] First stop: Dictionary.com . None of the definitions for congress referred to baboons, apes, monkeys or primates. A \"congress\" can be a meeting or session of any group, but the e-mail makes it clear that this is a specific term for a gathering of baboons. [PAR] Merriam-Webster.com also produced negative results. So did the online version of the Oxford Dictionary and the 2,059-page Random House Unabridged Dictionary from 1973 in our newsroom. [PAR] Two places where we did find it were sources in which virtually anybody could insert a definition on a whim: Wikipedia and UrbanDictionary.com . (In the Urban Dictionary, someone added the definition on Sept. 3, 2011, in response to the e-mail.) [PAR] So we turned to Orin Hargraves, a freelance lexicographer and president of the Dictionary Society of North America . [PAR] The names for collections of animals are called \"terms of venery,\" and Hargraves said the best reference source for them is the 1968 book \"An Exaltation of Larks\" by James Lipton, host of \"Inside the Actors Studio.\" [PAR] The first part of the book, which examines real terms, has no reference to baboons. Only in the section that includes whimsical terms that Lipton coined or uncovered is there any reference to the primates. \"A rumpus of baboons\" is listed right next to \"a buffoonery of orangutans.\" (One of our favorites: \"a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1978 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1978 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] An Unmarried Woman (1978) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] JON VOIGHT in \"Coming Home\", Warren Beatty in \"Heaven Can Wait\", Gary Busey in \"The Buddy Holly Story\", Robert De Niro in \"The Deer Hunter\" , Laurence Olivier in \"The Boys From Brazil\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] JANE FONDA in \"Coming Home\", Ingrid Bergman in \"Autumn Sonata\", Ellen Burstyn in \"Same Time, Next Year\", Jill Clayburgh in \"An Unmarried Woman\", Geraldine Page in \"Interiors\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] CHRISTOPHER WALKEN in \"The Deer Hunter\" , Bruce Dern in \"Coming Home\", Richard Farnsworth in \"Comes a Horseman\", John Hurt in \"Midnight Express\", Jack Warden in \"Heaven Can Wait\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] MAGGIE SMITH in \"California Suite\", Dyan Cannon in \"Heaven Can Wait\", Penelope Milford in \"Coming Home\", Maureen Stapleton in \"Interiors\", Meryl Streep in \"The Deer Hunter\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] MICHAEL CIMINO for \"The Deer Hunter\" , Woody Allen for \"Interiors\", Hal Ashby for \"Coming Home\", Warren Beatty and Buck Henry for \"Heaven Can Wait\", Alan Parker for \"Midnight Express\" [PAR] Two of the three front-runners in the 1978 awards race were anti-war films that reflected the nation's divided attitudes toward the war. Both films were set in the year 1968, though they differed in their filmatic style and political stance. [Coppola's Vietnam treatise Apocalypse Now (1979) was delayed in its release, thereby leaving Cimino's war film to take top honors in 1978]: [PAR] younger generation producer/director Michael Cimino's second film - the grandiose The Deer Hunter (with nine nominations and five wins - Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor, Best Director, Best Sound, and Best Film Editing), the gripping drama about how the violence of war permanently altered the lives of three Pennsylvania steel-working and hunting friends who served in Vietnam and were forced to play Russian Roulette by the Vietcong; the meteoric rise of Cimino as a result of this film was soon dashed by the financial disaster of his next film, Heaven's Gate (1980) [PAR] Hal Ashby's more left-wing, anti-Vietnam war film Coming Home (with eight nominations and three wins - Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Original Screenplay). It told about the sorrowing effects of the Vietnam War on the homefront, and won the major acting awards. The film was produced by actress Jane Fonda's new film production company [PAR] The other three Best Picture nominees were: [PAR] Warren Beatty and Buck Henry's comedy remake of Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), with a film titled Heaven Can Wait (with nine nominations, tying the winner with the most nominations, and only one win - Best Art/Set Direction) [PAR] director Alan Parker's Midnight Express (with six nominations and two wins - Best Screenplay Adaptation by Oliver Stone (his first nomination and first win), and Best Score by Giorgio Moroder, with its hit tune \"Chase\"), the true, graphic story of Billy Hayes (played by an un-nominated Brad Davis) and his brutalized ordeal in a Turkish prison for a drug smuggling offense [PAR] Paul Mazursky's early feminist film An Unmarried Woman (with three nominations and no wins), the story of the consequences of a shattered marriage of seventeen years for a betrayed wife who must deal with the changes [PAR] Mazursky was the only director of a Best Picture nominee who was not included in the Best Director nominees. His place was taken by Woody Allen for his serious, cold tribute to Ingmar Bergman with a film about a fragmenting family of three neurotic adult sisters, Interiors (with five nominations and no wins). Co-directors Warren Beatty and Buck"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the World's Tallest Buildings | Statistics ... History of the World's Tallest Buildings | Statistics | EMPORIS [PAR] Add Building [PAR] History of the World's Tallest Buildings [PAR] Tall structures have always fascinated mankind. There were buildings stretching well over 100 meters into the sky even before industrialization. But how has the history of the tallest buildings in the world developed? Which structures have played a role in this history? The essential details can be found here. [PAR] There are a few very early examples of architecture reaching far up into the sky. The Pyramid of Khufu for instance, from the 4th Dynasty (2620 to 2500 B.C.), at 139 meters the world's tallest pyramid, or the Pharos of Alexandria, which according to its legend was, at around 140 meters' height, the tallest lighthouse ever built up until the 20th century. And not to forget the Tower of Babel, which according to the Old Testament reached all the way up to Heaven. Since the 19th century, however, it has not just been sacred buildings that have been touching the clouds. Increasing numbers of high-rises with apartments, offices and hotel rooms have been built. [PAR] Skyscraper construction received its first significant impulse with the invention of the elevator by Elisha Grave Otis in 1852. While it would, from a technical point of view, already have been possible to build tall structures with more than six stories, one would have been unable to find many tenants for them. The invention of steel frame construction was the next important step on the road toward skyscraper architecture. The first building constructed in this way was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, built in 1885. At a height of 55 meters and ten floors it was the world's first high-rise \u2013 and revolutionary for the development of skyscraper construction. [PAR] 1901 - 1908 [PAR] Philadelphia City Hall [PAR] From 1901 onward, Philadelphia City Hall in the American city of Philadelphia, already substantially taller at 167 meters, reached for the skies. In fact, the architecture of this skyscraper with a bell tower was not based on the recently-invented steel frame construction: to this day it is considered the tallest masonry structure in the world. [PAR] 1908 - 1909 [PAR] Singer Building [PAR] For seven years, Philadelphia City Hall was the world's tallest building until it was superseded in 1908 by the Singer Building in New York City, which was 20 meters taller. This particular skyscraper was only able to stay in pole position a short time, however. 1913, only four years later, saw the opening of the 213-meter-tall Metropolitan Life Tower, also located in New York City. [PAR] 1909 - 1913 [PAR] Metropolitan Life Tower [PAR] The skyscrapers that followed the Met Life Tower were also located in New York City. After just four years, the Woolworth Building, built in the borough of Manhattan and 241 meters tall, forced the Met Life Tower from the top spot. [PAR] 1913 - 1930 [PAR] Woolworth Building [PAR] Construction of the Woolworth Building was only possible thanks to the development of reinforced foundations, technology intended to prevent the skyscraper from leaning too heavily and toppling over in the case of earth movements. Until 1930, the Woolworth Building was the world's tallest skyscraper. [PAR] 1930 - 1930 [PAR] The Trump Building [PAR] The history of the skyscraper was increasingly concentrated in the decades that followed in the one city \u2013 New York City. 1930 saw the completion there, after less than a year's construction, of The Trump Building. At a height of 283 meters, it was briefly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Microwave Oven - SMECC Microwave Oven [PAR] Microwave Oven [PAR] [PAR] Greetings, The Southwest Museum of Engineering, Communication and Computation is seeking : [PAR] artifacts, books, papers, personal recollections, funny stories, newspaper clipping, magazines, catalogs, articles torn out of magazines, cartoons, prototype magnetrons, really early microwave ovens etc ANYTHING Is Fair Game! [PAR] The purpose is two-fold which consists of construction the display in the museum in Glendale Arizona and also as an addition to our web site. [PAR] thanks Ed Sharpe archivist for SMECC [PAR] Please check our web site at [PAR] to see other engineering fields, communications and computation stuff we [PAR] buy, and by all means when in Arizona drop in and see us. [PAR] address: [PAR] thanks Ed Sharpe archivist for SMECC [PAR] [PAR] The microwave oven was invented as an accidental by-product of war-time (World War 2) radar research using magnetrons (vacuum tubes that produce microwave radiation, a type of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength between 1 mm and 30 cm). [PAR] In 1946, the engineer Dr. Percy LeBaron Spencer, who worked for the Raytheon Corporation, was working on magnetrons. One day at work, he had a candy bar in his pocket, and found that it had melted. He realized that the microwaves he was working with had caused it to melt. After experimenting, he realized that microwaves would cook foods quickly - even faster than conventional ovens that cook with heat. [PAR] The Raytheon Corporation produced the first commercial microwave oven in 1954; it was called the 1161 Radarange. It was large, expensive, and had a power of 1600 watts. The first domestic microwave oven was produced in 1967 by Amana (a division of Raytheon). [PAR] In 1967, Amana, a division of Raytheon, introduced its domestic Radarange microwave oven, marking the beginning of the use of microwave ovens in home kitchens. Although sales were slow during the first few years, partially due to the oven\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds relatively expensive price tag, the concept of quick microwave cooking had arrived. In succeeding years, Litton and a number of other companies joined the countertop microwave oven market. By the end of 1971, the price of countertop units began to decrease and their capabilities were expanded. [PAR] Spencer, born in Howland, Maine, was orphaned at a young age. Although he never graduated from grammar school, he became Senior Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors at Raytheon, receiving 150 patents during his career. Because of his accomplishments, Spencer was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal by the U.S. Navy and has a building named after him at Raytheon. [PAR] Percy Spencer, while working for the Raytheon Company, discovered a more efficient way to manufacture magnetrons. In 1941, magnetrons were being produced at a rate of 17 per day. Spencer set out to create a simpler magnetron that could be mass produced. The result was a magnetron that replaced precision copper bars with lamina and replaced soldered internal wires with a simple solid ring. These improvements and others allowed for the faster production of 2,600 magnetrons per day. [PAR] In 1945, Spencer created a device to cook food using microwave radiation. Raytheon saw the possibilities of this, and after acquiring Amana Refrigeration in 1965, was able to sell microwave ovens on a large scale. The first microwave oven was called the Radarange, and today, there are over 200 million in use throughout the world. [PAR] A Brief History of the Microwave Oven [PAR] By J. Carlton Gallawa , author of THE COMPLETE MICROWAVE OVEN SERVICE HANDBOOK [PAR] Like many of today's great inventions, the microwave"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Bond - IMDb Michael Bond - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Writer | Actor | Miscellaneous Crew [PAR] Michael Bond was born on January 13, 1926 in Newbury, Berkshire, England as Thomas Michael Bond. He is a writer and actor, known for Paddington (2014), The Adventures of Paddington Bear (1997) and The Herbs (1968). He has been married to Susan Marfey Rogers since 1981. He was previously married to Brenda Mary Johnson. See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 940 people [PAR] created 22 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 740 people [PAR] created 10 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 5188 people [PAR] created 20 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 19 people [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Michael Bond's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] - Christmas ... (books) [PAR] Jackanory (TV Series) (book - 5 episodes, 1969) (book \"A Bear Called Paddington\" - 5 episodes, 1966) (book \"More About Paddington\" - 1 episode, 1970) [PAR] - Paddington's Christmas (1970) ... (book \"More About Paddington\") [PAR] 1955 Simon's Good Deed (TV Movie) (writer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1989 Paddington Bear (TV Series) (creative consultant - 1989) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2005 Top 50 Greatest Celebrity Animals (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2000 Collector's Lot (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Personal Quote: [PAR] The great advantage of having a bear as a central character is that he can combine the innocence of a child with the sophistication of an adult. Paddington is not the sort of bear who would ever go to the moon - he has his paws too firmly on the ground for that. He gets involved in everyday situations. He has a strong sense of right and wrong and doesn't take too kindly to the red-tape ... See more \u00bb [PAR] Trivia: [PAR] In July 2007, he was given an honorary DLitt (Doctor of Letters) degree from Reading University in recognition of his contribution to literature and the enjoyment he has given many readers. He has connections with Reading and Berkshire, having been born nearby in Newbury. See more \u00bb [PAR] Star Sign:[DOC] [TLE] The Top 100 Children's Books - Junior The Top 100 Children's Books [PAR] 2 The Gruffalo [PAR] by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler Macmillan, \u00a35.99 (first published 1999) [PAR] It\u2019s remarkable that this fun children\u2019s story is already 17 years old. In it, a wily woodland mouse manages to escape being eaten by predators by telling them that an imaginary monster is going to appear at any minute. Of course, the mouse doesn\u2019t really expect the monster to put in an appearance. When it does, he has to use his wits to make the Gruffalo believe that he is so scary himself that the warty beast would be making a really, really big mistake if he tried to eat him! [PAR] Donaldson\u2019s use of repeated narrative and smart rhymes soon has little readers chanting the story, while Axel Scheffler\u2019s distinctive, crazy-eyed creatures stylishly underline the humour. \u201cAll the Gruffalo\u2019s attributes were really just adjectives that sounded good in the flow of the rhyme,\u201d says Donaldson. It\u2019s a ploy that has been hugely successful. [PAR] 4 Winnie-The-Pooh [PAR] by AA Milne and EH Shepard Egmont, \u00a36.99 (first published 1926) [PAR] Although the language and turns of phrase are from a bygone era, the Winnie-The-Pooh books continue to be hugely popular (the later Disney creations have only helped to widen the honey-munching bear\u2019s appeal). [PAR] The tales"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Wuthering Heights: Context SparkNotes: Wuthering Heights: Context [PAR] Wuthering Heights [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Wuthering Heights, which has long been one of the most popular and highly regarded novels in English literature, seemed to hold little promise when it was published in 1847, selling very poorly and receiving only a few mixed reviews. Victorian readers found the book shocking and inappropriate in its depiction of passionate, ungoverned love and cruelty (despite the fact that the novel portrays no sex or bloodshed), and the work was virtually ignored. Even Emily Bront\u00eb\u2019s sister Charlotte\u2014an author whose works contained similar motifs of Gothic love and desolate landscapes\u2014remained ambivalent toward the unapologetic intensity of her sister\u2019s novel. In a preface to the book, which she wrote shortly after Emily Bront\u00eb\u2019s death, Charlotte Bront\u00eb stated, \u201cWhether it is right or advisable to create beings like Heathcliff, I do not know. I scarcely think it is.\u201d [PAR] Emily Bront\u00eb lived an eccentric, closely guarded life. She was born in 1818, two years after Charlotte and a year and a half before her sister Anne, who also became an author. Her father worked as a church rector, and her aunt, who raised the Bront\u00eb children after their mother died, was deeply religious. Emily Bront\u00eb did not take to her aunt\u2019s Christian fervor; the character of Joseph, a caricature of an evangelical, may have been inspired by her aunt\u2019s religiosity. The Bront\u00ebs lived in Haworth, a Yorkshire village in the midst of the moors. These wild, desolate expanses\u2014later the setting of Wuthering Heights\u2014made up the Bront\u00ebs\u2019 daily environment, and Emily lived among them her entire life. She died in 1848, at the age of thirty. [PAR] As witnessed by their extraordinary literary accomplishments, the Bront\u00eb children were a highly creative group, writing stories, plays, and poems for their own amusement. Largely left to their own devices, the children created imaginary worlds in which to play. Yet the sisters knew that the outside world would not respond favorably to their creative expression; female authors were often treated less seriously than their male counterparts in the nineteenth century. Thus the Bront\u00eb sisters thought it best to publish their adult works under assumed names. Charlotte wrote as Currer Bell, Emily as Ellis Bell, and Anne as Acton Bell. Their real identities remained secret until after Emily and Anne had died, when Charlotte at last revealed the truth of their novels\u2019 authorship. [PAR] Today, Wuthering Heights has a secure position in the canon of world literature, and Emily Bront\u00eb is revered as one of the finest writers\u2014male or female\u2014of the nineteenth century. Like Charlotte Bront\u00eb\u2019s Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights is based partly on the Gothic tradition of the late eighteenth century, a style of literature that featured supernatural encounters, crumbling ruins, moonless nights, and grotesque imagery, seeking to create effects of mystery and fear. But Wuthering Heights transcends its genre in its sophisticated observation and artistic subtlety. The novel has been studied, analyzed, dissected, and discussed from every imaginable critical perspective, yet it remains unexhausted. And while the novel\u2019s symbolism, themes, structure, and language may all spark fertile exploration, the bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable characters. As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jungle Drums September 2012 - Issuu The Jungle Drums September 2012 by The Courier Newspaper (page 8) - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] The Jungle Drums [PAR] Brain Training FAMOUS BOOKS [PAR] FAMOUS FIRSTS Each of these people is famous for being the first person to do something, but what was it? 1. Helen Sharman 2. Robin Knox Johnson 3. Nancy Witcher Astor 4. Alan Mullery 5. Ursula Andress 6. Charles Lindbergh 7. Ivan IV (the Terrible) 8. Count de Grisley 9. Charles Elwood Yeager 10. Annie Taylor [PAR] 1. Which famous character was created by Michael Bond in a series of books for children? [PAR] 6. What \"rock\" did Graham Greene write about? [PAR] 2. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote \"Wuthering Heights\"? [PAR] 7. What word taken from the abbreviation for a unit of weight measurement was used by L. Frank Baum in the title of a novel? [PAR] 3. What type of animals are portrayed in the book \"Watership Down\"? [PAR] 8. \"All children, except one, grow up\" is the opening line from which famous story? [PAR] 4. Becky Sharp is the name of a character in which famous novel, which is also the title of a famous magazine? [PAR] 9. Who wrote the novel \"The 39 Steps\"? 10. Which famous book, published in 1816, is sub-titled \"The Modern Prometheus\"? [PAR] 5. In George Orwell's \"Animal Farm\" what type of animal was \"Napoleon\"? [PAR] DINGBATS ANSWERS [PAR] 5. [PAR] Rose Daffodil Tulip Daisy [PAR] FAMOUS FIRSTS 1. First Briton to go into Space 2. First person to sail solo, non-stop around the world 3. First female British MP 4. First England player to be sent off in an international match 5. First Bond girl 6. First to fly across the Atlantic 7. First Tzar of Russia 8. First magician to perform the \"Sawing a woman in half\" trick 9. First person to break the sound barrier by flying faster than the speed of sound 10. First woman to go over Niagra Falls in a barrel [PAR] Dingbats 1. Flat Iron 2. High Seas 3. One foot in the grave 4. Nice to see you 5. A bunch of flowers 6. Round Robin FAMOUS BOOKS 1. Paddington Bear 2. Emily 3. Rabbits 4. Vanity Fair 5. A pig 6. Brighton Rock 7. Oz (used in \"The Wizard Of Oz\") 8. Peter Pan 9. John Buchan 10. Frankenstein [PAR] 8 PAGE [PAR] The Jungle Drums - Tel: 966 923 796 [PAR] 6.[DOC] [TLE] Becky Sharp - Internet Archive Becky Sharp : Kenneth Macgowan, Rouben Mamoulian : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive [PAR] Reviewer: Dark Moon - - May 9, 2011 [PAR] Subject: In every woman's heart... [PAR] ...there lives a Becky Sharp? I followed Karen Eliot's two film recommendations, and read the descriptions. Hmmm... [PAR] More than anything, civilization is about the restraint of humanity's animal nature. Feminists tell us that it is just the men who need to be so restrained. Really?? (Snort!) :D [PAR] Reviewer: robcat2075 - favorite - July 24, 2010 [PAR] Subject: Not a true copy [PAR] This is definitely a poor dupe of the original. [PAR] The Technicolor original looked great and has been recently restored. [PAR] This look like poor-mans copy onto some lesser two-color format or some unstable film stock. [PAR] Reviewer: kareneliot - favoritefavoritefavorite - July 22, 2010 [PAR] Subject: My review is based on the entertainment value only [PAR] For my own tastes only, I found it mediocre and felt Miriam Hopkins' performance was somehow forced and shallow. [PAR] I loved how she literally \"threw the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Animal Farm: Character List SparkNotes: Animal Farm: Character List [PAR] Character List [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Napoleon - The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Joseph Stalin, Napoleon uses military force (his nine loyal attack dogs) to intimidate the other animals and consolidate his power. In his supreme craftiness, Napoleon proves more treacherous than his counterpart, Snowball. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Napoleon. [PAR] Snowball - The pig who challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Leon Trotsky, Snowball is intelligent, passionate, eloquent, and less subtle and devious than his counterpart, Napoleon. Snowball seems to win the loyalty of the other animals and cement his power. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Snowball. [PAR] Boxer - The cart-horse whose incredible strength, dedication, and loyalty play a key role in the early prosperity of Animal Farm and the later completion of the windmill. Quick to help but rather slow-witted, Boxer shows much devotion to Animal Farm\u2019s ideals but little ability to think about them independently. He na\u00efvely trusts the pigs to make all his decisions for him. His two mottoes are \u201cI will work harder\u201d and \u201cNapoleon is always right.\u201d [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Boxer. [PAR] Squealer - The pig who spreads Napoleon\u2019s propaganda among the other animals. Squealer justifies the pigs\u2019 monopolization of resources and spreads false statistics pointing to the farm\u2019s success. Orwell uses Squealer to explore the ways in which those in power often use rhetoric and language to twist the truth and gain and maintain social and political control. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Squealer. [PAR] Old Major - The prize-winning boar whose vision of a socialist utopia serves as the inspiration for the Rebellion. Three days after describing the vision and teaching the animals the song \u201cBeasts of England,\u201d Major dies, leaving Snowball and Napoleon to struggle for control of his legacy. Orwell based Major on both the German political economist Karl Marx and the Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Ilych Lenin. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Old Major. [PAR] Clover - A good-hearted female cart-horse and Boxer\u2019s close friend. Clover often suspects the pigs of violating one or another of the Seven Commandments, but she repeatedly blames herself for misremembering the commandments. [PAR] Moses - The tame raven who spreads stories of Sugarcandy Mountain, the paradise to which animals supposedly go when they die. Moses plays only a small role in Animal Farm, but Orwell uses him to explore how communism exploits religion as something with which to pacify the oppressed. [PAR] Mollie - The vain, flighty mare who pulls Mr. Jones\u2019s carriage. Mollie craves the attention of human beings and loves being groomed and pampered. She has a difficult time with her new life on Animal Farm, as she misses wearing ribbons in her mane and eating sugar cubes. She represents the petit bourgeoisie that fled from Russia a few years after the Russian Revolution. [PAR] Benjamin - The long-lived donkey who refuses to feel inspired by the Rebellion. Benjamin firmly believes that life will remain unpleasant no matter who is in charge. Of all of the animals on the farm, he alone comprehends the changes that take place, but he seems either unwilling or unable to oppose the pigs. [PAR] Muriel - The white goat who reads the Seven Commandments to Clover whenever Clover suspects the pigs of violating their prohibitions. [PAR] Mr. Jones - The often drunk farmer who runs the Manor Farm before the animals stage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Graham Greene, 86, Dies; Novelist of the Soul Graham Greene, 86, Dies; Novelist of the Soul [PAR] Graham Greene, 86, Dies; Novelist of the Soul [PAR] By THE NEW YORK TIMES [PAR] raham Greene, the British author whose novels of suspense and moral ambiguity plumbed the sordid politics of the modern world and the inner torments of mankind, died yesterday at La Providence Hospital in Vevey, near Lake Geneva in Switzerland. He was 86 years old. [PAR] The official cause of death was not immediately known, but his daughter, Caroline Bourget, told Reuters that her father died of a blood disease. Mr. Greene lived in an apartment in Antibes, France, but had traveled all over the world in search of subject matter during his 60-year writing career. [PAR] Among Mr. Greene's 24 novels, many of which were adapted into films, were \"The Power and the Glory,\" \"The Heart of the Matter,\" \"The Third Man,\" \"The Quiet American,\" \"Our Man in Havana,\" \"The Comedians,\" \"The Honorary Consul\" and \"The Human Factor.\" 27 Languages, 20 Million Copies His plays included \"The Living Room,\" \"The Potting Shed\" and \"The Complaisant Lover,\" and he wrote dozens of short stories. His work was translated into 27 languages and sold more than 20 million copies in hard-cover and paperback editions. [PAR] He also wrote travel books, essays and children's stories, and two autobiographies, \"A Sort of Life\" and \"Ways of Escape.\" An occasional contributor to newspapers and magazines, he even found time to write strong letters to the editor on political and literary matters. [PAR] That Mr. Greene never received the Nobel Prize in Literature was a source of regret and astonishment to many readers and publishing professionals. [PAR] In his outspoken comments on world affairs in fiction and in fact -- including criticism of American military intervention in Vietnam and in Central America -- Mr. Greene felt an obligation to express his views first and foremost as a moralist. He was a convert to Catholicism but not, he asserted, a Catholic writer. [PAR] \"I think a writer ought to be a bit of grit in the state machine,\" he once said. \"That applies to a democratic state machine, a socialist state machine or a Communist state machine.\" [PAR] Mr. Greene was a superb storyteller with a gift for provoking controversy by writing topical novels in political settings. But many of his deepest concerns were spiritual: a soul working out its salvation or damnation amid the paradoxes and anomalies of 20th-century existence. [PAR] Spiritual problems, however, were frequently overshadowed, especially for readers in this country, by Mr. Greene's distaste for what he regarded as American hypocrisy and materialism. \"The Quiet American\" (1956) and \"The Comedians\" (1966), for example, offended some readers because of their criticism of United States policies in Vietnam and Haiti. [PAR] Besides serious fiction, Mr. Greene also wrote what he described as \"entertainments.\" These -- \"Orient Express,\" \"This Gun for Hire,\" \"Brighton Rock\" and \"Our Man in Havana,\" for instance -- were first-rate novels of crime and intrigue. But they, too, showed a profound interest in the interplay of morality and abnormal behavior. \"Brighton Rock,\" he wrote in his 1980 autobiography, \"Ways of Escape,\" was \"perhaps one of the best I ever wrote.\" [PAR] In addition, Mr. Greene was often labeled a Roman Catholic writer, a description that annoyed him but that nevertheless colored understanding of his work. He was indeed a convert to Catholicism and he did deal with doctrinal issues, but he insisted that he was not a church publicist. Roman Catholic Ideas But Church Objections [PAR] \"Only a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'All children, except one, grow up ... - Daily Mail Online Peter Pan is the book with the nation's favourite opening line | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Peter Pan's opening line of 'All children, except one, grow up', is the nation's most memorable [PAR] Peter Pan is the book with the nation's favourite opening line, according to a new poll. [PAR] 'All children, except one, grow up,' wrote JM Barrie in his children's classic which scooped 20per cent of the vote in a poll commissioned to mark World Book Day next month. [PAR] But it's not just childhood fairytales that adults have fond memories of, as the opening lines from classic 19th Century novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens came second place, while George Orwell's 1984 completed the top three. [PAR] However, the first words of 50 Shades of Grey did little to inspire as just one in 20 (five per cent) were wooed by EL James' opening line. [PAR] One in five of those polled admitted they will put a book down if the first line isn't engaging. [PAR] However, one in four (25per cent) said they will continue reading a novel to the end even if they don't enjoy it and, with complete disregard for the opening line, 15per cent admit jumping to the last chapter first to find out a book's ending. [PAR] When it comes to reading with their children, one in eight parents (12per cent) say youngsters will switch off if a book doesn't capture their imagination quickly, and one in 10 are forced to adopt the characters' voices to make reading more enjoyable. [PAR] Parents know when they deserve an Oscar, as one in seven children (14per cent) will enjoy a book so much that they will read it again and 21per cent of people admit they've used a line from a book as their own in order to impress a member of the opposite sex. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] The poll was commissioned by Asda. Laura Grooby, Asda's book buyer, said: 'First impressions are everything, and even though hundreds of new books are released every week, it is clear the nation never forgets a famous opening line. [PAR] 'This year, we hope by encouraging everyone to pick up and persevere with a book on World Book Day, children and adults alike will enjoy the pleasures reading can bring.' [PAR] THE NATION'S TOP 10 MOST MEMORABLE OPENING LINES [PAR] George Orwell's 1984 (left) and J.R.R. Tolkien's The Fellowship of the Ring both feature on the top ten list [PAR] 1. 'All children, except one, grow up.' - Peter Pan [PAR] 2. 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.' - A Tale of Two Cities [PAR] 3. 'It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.' - 1984 [PAR] 4. 'When Mr Bilbo Baggins of Bag End announced that he would shortly be celebrating his eleventy-first birthday with a party of special magnificence, there was much talk and excitement in Hobbiton.' - The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring [PAR] 5. 'Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 39 Steps to writing a perfect thriller by author John ... The 39 Steps to writing a perfect thriller by author John Buchan's grandson | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Even now, almost 100 years after it was first published, the story retains a modernity that is little short of astonishing [PAR] 'The 39 Steps, in its language, its settings, its nods to contemporary technology and its characterisation, belongs firmly to the 20th century,' said John Buchan's grandson, Toby [PAR] On a late-summer\u2019s day in 1914, a man walks with his small daughter down a rickety flight of wooden steps leading to a private beach from a house on the clifftop. The girl, just turned six, is improving her counting by determinedly calling out the number of each step. [PAR] \u2018Thirty-six, thirty-seven, thirty-eight, thirty-NINE!\u2019 she says in triumph as they step off onto the sand. [PAR] Thus Alice Buchan gave the title to her father\u2019s, my grandfather\u2019s, new novel, little knowing that it would prove to be one of the most enduring adventure stories ever to be published. [PAR] John Buchan wrote The 39 Steps in a few weeks towards the end of 1914, while staying with his wife and children at Broadstairs in Kent, in a house on the cliffs overlooking Stone Bay. (The house is still there; indeed, anyone wishing to re-enact the novel\u2019s finale may rent it as a holiday let.) [PAR] While there, he became ill with the duodenal problems that plagued him all his life, and which had prevented him from joining the Army, Britain having declared war against Germany on August 4 that year. Two major elements among these facts \u2013 the clifftop setting and the coming of war \u2013 infuse what has come to be widely regarded as the first modern spy thriller. [PAR] Buchan posted the manuscript to Blackwood & Sons in Edinburgh, publisher not only of books but of the famous literary magazine that bore its name. [PAR] \u2018It has amused me to write, but whether it will amuse you to read is another matter,\u2019 he wrote. [PAR] He need not have fretted. Blackwood\u2019s accepted it at once and published it in the magazine, in serial form and pseudonymously, between July and September 1915, and as a book under Buchan\u2019s name in October. It was an immediate success \u2013 and more than that, it has become a classic of its kind. [PAR] Today, the principal charges levelled against the novel are that it is dated, and that it relies too heavily upon improbable circumstances or coincidences. Yet I would argue that even now, almost 100 years after it was first published, the story retains a modernity that is little short of astonishing. [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps, released in 1935, is an extremely well-made comedy thriller that's widely and deservedly admired [PAR] I am reminded of its place in our collective narrative by a cartoon I clipped from a newspaper a few years ago and pinned to my office wall. It shows a boy of about eight, standing in front of his parents. [PAR] He is wearing a tweed Norfolk jacket, a tie, breeches, chequered shooting stockings and what are no doubt stout brogues. Eyes closed as in serious thought, he is drawing on a pipe clamped between his teeth, the bowl of which he\u2019s holding in his left hand. In his right, half wedged beneath his arm, he holds a copy of The 39 Steps. Anxiously, his mother is saying to her husband, \u2018Why doesn\u2019t he read Harry Potter, like other kids?\u2019 Why indeed? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Is Frankenstein Subtitled or, the Modern Prometheus ... Why Is Frankenstein Subtitled or, the Modern Prometheus? Essay - 486 Words [PAR] Frankenstein the Modern Prometheus Essay [PAR] ...Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus In Marry Shelly's book Frankenstein, she tells the story of a man named Victor Frankenstein. The character of Frankenstein contains traits that parallel Prometheus from Greek mythology. Through his actions and emotions Victor Frankenstein becomes the modern Prometheus by producing ill-fated actions that carry tragic... [PAR] 812 Words | 3 Pages [PAR] Is Frankenstein the Modern Day Prometheus? Essay [PAR] ...Running head: IS FRANKENSTEIN THE MODERN DAY PROMETHEUS? Is Frankenstein the modern day Prometheus? Irvin M. Beacham Jr. ENC 1101 Dr. Gaspar Is Frankenstein the modern day Prometheus? When Mary Shelly wrote her 1818 classic Frankenstein, she subtitled it \u201cThe Modern... [PAR] 1317 Words | 4 Pages [PAR] Frankenstein as the Modern Prometheus Essay [PAR] ...Victor Frankenstein as the Modern Prometheus I. Introduction Victor is referred to as the \u201cModern Prometheus\u201d because, like the titan, Victor disobeys natural law by creating life, brings knowledge through creation, and faces severe punishment for his actions. II. Disobedience A. Prometheus does as he is forbidden 1. Prometheus directly disobeys Zeus, the supreme power in Greek mythology, to... [PAR] 503 Words | 3 Pages [PAR] Frankenstein The Modern Prometheus Essay [PAR] ... The Modern Prometheus When Mary Shelley\u2019 \u201cFrankenstein\u201d rose to fame, literary critics sparked fierce debates concerning whether the main character, Victor Frankenstein, was influenced by the Greek myth of Prometheus. While Victor and Prometheus both created their own version of humans, their methods and overall affection for their creation is startling different. Some critics argue that Victor is in... [PAR] 983 Words | 3 Pages [PAR] Is Victor Frankenstein the Modern Prometheus? Essay [PAR] ...Is Victor Frankenstein the modern Prometheus? Mary Shelley\u2019s purpose in the subtitle of her book, Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus is to compare Victor Frankenstein and Prometheus, son of Zeus. By showing many similarities between the two, she has solid reasoning that Dr. Frankenstein is, in many ways, the \u201cmodern Prometheus.\u201d... [PAR] 1084 Words | 3 Pages [PAR] Frankenstein, the Modern Prometheus? Essay [PAR] ...FRANKENSTEIN, THE MODERN PROMETHEUS? In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel \"Frankenstein\", Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, \"the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek... [PAR] 1367 Words | 5 Pages [PAR] Frankenstein The Modern Prometheus Essay [PAR] ...2013 Period 1: Language Arts The Modern Day Prometheus A modern day Prometheus is somebody that defies the Gods and does something that only they can do. Victor Frankenstein, from \u2018Frankenstein\u2019 by Mary Shelley, is considered to be a modern day Prometheus at that time. Prometheus, a Titan, was the first person that started this modern day... [PAR] 538 Words | 2 Pages [PAR] Essay on Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus is [PAR] ...\ufeff Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about eccentric scientist Victor Frankenstein, who creates a grotesque creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. Shelley started writing the story when she was eighteen, and the novel was published when she was twenty. The first edition was published anonymously in London in 1818. Shelley's name appears on the second edition, published in... [PAR] 3577 Words | 10 Pages[DOC] [TLE] 10 Famous Books With Lesser-Known Subtitles | Mental Floss 10 Famous Books With Lesser-Known Subtitles | Mental Floss [PAR] 10 Famous Books With"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature [PAR] Awarded to 113 Nobel Laureates since 1901 [PAR] \"The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: /- - -/ one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ...\" [PAR] (Excerpt from the will of Alfred Nobel) [PAR] Alfred Nobel had broad cultural interests. During his early youth, he developed his literary interests which lasted throughout his life. His library consisted of a rich and broad selection of literature in different languages. During the last years of his life, he tried his hand as an author and began writing fiction. Literature was the fourth prize area Nobel mentioned in his will. [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded by the Swedish Academy , Stockholm, Sweden. [PAR] Most Popular Literature Laureates [PAR] Patrick Modiano writes in French. Most common languages for the 111 Literature Laureates: [PAR] 27 Laureates write in English [PAR] 14 Laureates write in French [PAR] 13 Laureates write in German [PAR] 11 Laureates write in Spanish [PAR] Have You Read William Golding's Lord of the Flies? [PAR] Lord of the Flies Game [PAR] The aim of this game is to introduce some basic analytical aspects of the book and to challenge the reader's memory through play. [PAR] Recommend a Book! [PAR] Have you read anything by William Golding or by another author awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature? [PAR] \"Still Relevant and Powerful Today - Simply Genius\" [PAR] Discover our visitors' thoughts about Lord of the Flies and many other books.[DOC] [TLE] Nobel Prize History - How the First Nobel Prizes Were Awarded Nobel Prize History - How the First Nobel Prizes Were Awarded [PAR] Share [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] A pacifist at heart and an inventor by nature, Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. However, the invention that he thought would end all wars was seen by many others as an extremely deadly product. In 1888, when Alfred's brother Ludvig died, a French newspaper mistakenly ran an obituary for Alfred which called him the \"merchant of death.\" [PAR] Not wanting to go down in history with such a horrible epitaph, Nobel created a will that soon shocked his relatives and established the now famous Nobel Prizes . [PAR] Who was Alfred Nobel? Why did Nobel's will make establishing the prizes so difficult? [PAR] Alfred Nobel [PAR] Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1842, when Alfred was nine years old, his mother (Andrietta Ahlsell) and brothers (Robert and Ludvig) moved to St. Petersburg, Russia to join Alfred's father (Immanuel), who had moved there five years earlier. The following year, Alfred's younger brother, Emil, was born. [PAR] Immanuel Nobel, an architect, builder, and inventor, opened a machineshop in St. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Alfred Nobel [PAR] Petersburg and was soon very successful with contracts from the Russian government to build defense weapons. [PAR] Because of his father's success, Alfred was tutored at home until the age of 16. Yet, many consider Alfred Nobel a mostly self-educated man. Besides being a trained chemist, Alfred was an avid reader of literature and was fluent in English, German, French, Swedish, and Russian. [PAR] Alfred also spent two years traveling. He spent much of this time working in a laboratory in Paris, but also traveled to the United States. Upon his return, Alfred worked in his father's factory. He worked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boer War begins in South Africa - Oct 11, 1899 - History.com Boer War begins in South Africa - Oct 11, 1899 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Boer War begins in South Africa [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Boer War begins in South Africa [PAR] Author [PAR] Boer War begins in South Africa [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The South African Boer War begins between the British Empire and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. [PAR] The Boers, also known as Afrikaners, were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers of southern Africa. Britain took possession of the Dutch Cape colony in 1806 during the Napoleonic wars, sparking resistance from the independence-minded Boers, who resented the Anglicization of South Africa and Britain\u2019s anti-slavery policies. In 1833, the Boers began an exodus into African tribal territory, where they founded the republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The two new republics lived peaceably with their British neighbors until 1867, when the discovery of diamonds and gold in the region made conflict between the Boer states and Britain inevitable. [PAR] Minor fighting with Britain began in the 1890s, and in October 1899 full-scale war ensued. By mid June 1900, British forces had captured most major Boer cities and formally annexed their territories, but the Boers launched a guerrilla war that frustrated the British occupiers. Beginning in 1901, the British began a strategy of systematically searching out and destroying these guerrilla units, while herding the families of the Boer soldiers into concentration camps. By 1902, the British had crushed the Boer resistance, and on May 31 of that year the Peace of Vereeniging was signed, ending hostilities. [PAR] The treaty recognized the British military administration over Transvaal and the Orange Free State and authorized a general amnesty for Boer forces. In 1910, the autonomous Union of South Africa was established by the British. It included Transvaal, the Orange Free State, the Cape of Good Hope, and Natal as provinces. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Czar | Define Czar at Dictionary.com Czar | Define Czar at Dictionary.com [PAR] czar [PAR] (often initial capital letter) the former emperor of Russia. [PAR] 3. [PAR] an autocratic ruler or leader. [PAR] 4. [PAR] any person exercising great authority or power in a particular field: [PAR] a czar of industry. [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1545-1555 [PAR] 1545-55; < Russian tsar', Old Russian ts\u012dsar\u012d emperor, king (akin to OCS ts\u011bsar\u012d) < Gothic kaisar emperor (< Greek or L); Greek ka\u00eesar < Latin Caesar caesar [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for czar [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] The Republican reaction is starting to shift from calls for a czar to calls for a different czar. [PAR] Obama's Dangerous Game in Egypt Andrew Roberts January 30, 2011 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] He said he would do what the czar bade him, but that his wife should suffer for it all her life. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for czar [PAR] Expand [PAR] a variant spelling (esp US) of tsar [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for czar [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] 1550s, from Russian tsar, from Old Slavic tsesari, from Gothic kaisar, from Greek kaisar, from Latin Caesar . First adopted by Russian emperor Ivan IV, 1547. [PAR] The spelling with cz- is against the usage of all Slavonic languages; the word was so spelt by Herberstein, Rerum Moscovit. Commentarii, 1549, the chief early source of knowledge as to Russia in Western Europe, whence it passed into the Western Languages generally; in some of these it is now old-fashioned; the usual Ger. form is now zar; French adopted tsar during the 19th c. This also became frequent in English towards the end of that century, having been adopted by the Times newspaper as the most suitable English spelling. [OED] [PAR] The Germanic form of the word also is the source of Finnish keisari, Estonian keisar. The transferred sense of \"person with dictatorial powers\" is first recorded 1866, American English, initially in reference to President Andrew Johnson. The fem. czarina is 1717, from Italian czarina, from Ger. Zarin, fem. of Zar \"czar.\" The Russian fem. form is tsaritsa. His son is tsarevitch, his daughter is tsarevna. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper [PAR] Expand [PAR] czar [(zahr, tsahr)] [PAR] The title of rulers or emperors of Russia from the sixteenth century until the Russian Revolution . The czars ruled as absolute monarchs (see absolute monarchy ) until the early twentieth century, when a parliament was established in Russia. Czar can also be spelled tsar. [PAR] Note: The term czar is sometimes applied generally to a powerful leader or to a government administrator with wide-ranging powers. [PAR] The American Heritage\u00ae New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. [PAR] Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. [PAR] Slang definitions & phrases for czar [PAR] Expand [PAR] czar [PAR] noun [PAR] A person appointed or elected to have great authority over a certain sport or other area; the commissioner of a sport or government department: baseball czar/ czar of boxing/ drug czar [PAR] [1890s+; fr the title of the Russian emperors; used as the nickname of T B Reed (d. 1902), authoritarian Speaker of the House of Representatives] [PAR] The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Monarchy in the 20th Century | The Classroom | Synonym British Monarchy in the 20th Century | The Classroom | Synonym [PAR] British Monarchy in the 20th Century [PAR] by Dell Markey [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II was the reigning monarch of Great Britain at the close of the 20th century. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] What Political Groups Had the Most Power in Britain in the 1800s? [PAR] Queen Victoria ascended to the throne of Great Britain in 1837 at the age of 18 and remained queen through the beginning of the 20th century. From a young age, she loved to draw, paint and write personal journals. Her reign is associated with the British industrial age and the expansion of the British Empire. During the Victorian Era, the role of the monarchy became increasingly symbolic as the power and roles of democratically elected officials increased. [PAR] King Edward VII [PAR] Edward was the eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Because of his mother's long reign, he was heir apparent to the British throne for 60 years -- longer than any prince in British history. Edward's social life and philandering were the source of much scandal before he became king in 1901. King Edward VII spoke German and French fluently and was actively involved in foreign affairs. His diplomatic work is credited with helping forge a lasting alliance with France. Edward VII was also influential in the modernization of the British military. [PAR] King George V [PAR] King George V succeeded to the British throne upon the death of his father, Edward VII, in 1910. In 1911, he visited India, the only British Emperor to do so. A veteran of the Royal Navy, he dedicated much of his time during the First World War -- 1914 to 1918 -- to visiting troops in the field and in hospitals. In 1917, owing to anti-German sentiment in Britain, the king changed his family name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor, named in honor of the royal residence Windsor Castle. In politics, George V often served as a conciliatory mediator. He began the lasting tradition of presenting a royal radio address to the British at Christmas. [PAR] King Edward VIII [PAR] Edward VIII became King of Great Britain in January, 1936 on the death of his father and abdicated the throne in December of the same year to marry American Wallis Simpson. He is the only British monarch to willingly abdicate. Although given the title Duke of Windsor in 1937, he lived abroad for most of the remainder of his life. [PAR] King George VI [PAR] George VI became King of Britain upon the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in December, 1936. He was known for his devout religious faith, for working closely with Prime Minister Winston Churchill through World War II and for his role in helping transform the British Empire into the more loosely associated Commonwealth of Nations in the post-war years. A veteran of the British Navy and Royal Air Force, he made regular visits to the troops on several battlefronts, including France and North Africa. Recognizing the heavy toll war took on civilians, George VI regularly visited bombed portions of London and established the George Cross and George Medal to honor civilians who had displayed bravery during war time. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II became Queen of England upon her father's death in February, 1952. Prior to becoming queen, she served as a truck driver in the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service during World War II. Her 1953 coronation ceremony was the first to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima - HISTORY.com Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima - Aug 06, 1945 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima [PAR] Author [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The United States becomes the first and only nation to use atomic weaponry during wartime when it drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Though the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan marked the end of World War II, many historians argue that it also ignited the Cold War. [PAR] Since 1940, the United States had been working on developing an atomic weapon, after having been warned by Albert Einstein that Nazi Germany was already conducting research into nuclear weapons. By the time the United States conducted the first successful test (an atomic bomb was exploded in the desert in New Mexico in July 1945), Germany had already been defeated. The war against Japan in the Pacific, however, continued to rage. President Harry S. Truman, warned by some of his advisers that any attempt to invade Japan would result in horrific American casualties, ordered that the new weapon be used to bring the war to a speedy end. On August 6, 1945, the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a five-ton bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A blast equivalent to the power of 15,000 tons of TNT reduced four square miles of the city to ruins and immediately killed 80,000 people. Tens of thousands more died in the following weeks from wounds and radiation poisoning. Three days later, another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, killing nearly 40,000 more people. A few days later, Japan announced its surrender. [PAR] In the years since the two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, a number of historians have suggested that the weapons had a two-pronged objective. First, of course, was to bring the war with Japan to a speedy end and spare American lives. It has been suggested that the second objective was to demonstrate the new weapon of mass destruction to the Soviet Union. By August 1945, relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had deteriorated badly. The Potsdam Conference between U.S. President Harry S. Truman, Russian leader Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill (before being replaced by Clement Attlee) ended just four days before the bombing of Hiroshima. The meeting was marked by recriminations and suspicion between the Americans and Soviets. Russian armies were occupying most of Eastern Europe. Truman and many of his advisers hoped that the U.S. atomic monopoly might offer diplomatic leverage with the Soviets. In this fashion, the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan can be seen as the first shot of the Cold War. If U.S. officials truly believed that they could use their atomic monopoly for diplomatic advantage, they had little time to put their plan into action. By 1949, the Soviets had developed their own atomic bomb and the nuclear arms race began. [PAR] More on This Topic[DOC] [TLE] The Decision to Drop the Bomb [ushistory.org] The Decision to Drop the Bomb [ushistory.org] [PAR] 51g. The Decision to Drop the Bomb [PAR] Winston Churchill, Harry Truman, and Josef Stalin meet at the Potsdam Conference. They discussed the post-war order and peace treaty issues. [PAR] America had the bomb. Now what? [PAR] When Harry Truman learned of the success of the Manhattan Project, he knew he was faced with a decision of unprecedented gravity. The capacity to end the war with Japan was in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Florence Nightingale - Women\u2019s History - HISTORY.com Florence Nightingale - Women\u2019s History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Florence Nightingale [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820. During the Crimean War, she and a team of nurses improved the unsanitary conditions at a British base hospital, reducing the death count by two-thirds. Her writings sparked worldwide health care reform. In 1860 she established St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital and the Nightingale Training School for Nurses. She died August 13, 1910, in London. [PAR] Google [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy. She was the younger of two children. Nightingale\u2019s affluent British family belonged to elite social circles. Her mother, Frances Nightingale, hailed from a family of merchants and took pride in socializing with people of prominent social standing. Despite her mother\u2019s interest in social climbing, Florence herself was reportedly awkward in social situations. She preferred to avoid being the center of attention whenever possible. Strong-willed, Florence often butted heads with her mother, whom she viewed as overly controlling. Still, like many daughters, she was eager to please her mother. \u201cI think I am got something more good-natured and complying,\u201d Florence wrote in her own defense, concerning the mother-daughter relationship. [PAR] Florence\u2019s father was William Shore Nightingale, a wealthy landowner who had inherited two estates\u2014one at Lea Hurst, Derbyshire, and the other in Hampshire, Embley Park\u2014when Florence was five years old. Florence was raised on the family estate at Lea Hurst, where her father provided her with a classical education, including studies in German, French and Italian. [PAR] From a very young age, Florence Nightingale was active in philanthropy, ministering to the ill and poor people in the village neighboring her family\u2019s estate. By the time she was 16 years old, it was clear to her that nursing was her calling. She believed it to be her divine purpose. [PAR] When Nightingale approached her parents and told them about her ambitions to become a nurse, they were not pleased. In fact, her parents forbade her to pursue nursing. During the Victorian Era, a young lady of Nightingale\u2019s social stature was expected to marry a man of means\u2014not take up a job that was viewed as lowly menial labor by the upper social classes. When Nightingale was 17 years old, she refused a marriage proposal from a \u201csuitable\u201d gentleman, Richard Monckton Milnes. Nightingale explained her reason for turning him down, saying that while he stimulated her intellectually and romantically, her \u201cmoral\u2026active nature\u2026requires satisfaction, and that would not find it in this life.\u201d Determined to pursue her true calling despite her parents\u2019 objections, in 1844, Nightingale enrolled as a nursing student at the Lutheran Hospital of Pastor Fliedner in Kaiserwerth, Germany. [PAR] Career [PAR] In the early 1850s, Nightingale returned to London, where she took a nursing job in a Middlesex hospital for ailing governesses. Her performance there so impressed her employer that Nightingale was promoted to superintendant within just a year of being hired. The position proved challenging as Nightingale grappled with a cholera outbreak and unsanitary conditions conducive to the rapid spread of the disease. Nightingale made it her mission to improve hygiene practices, significantly lowering the death rate at the hospital in the process. The hard work took a toll on her health. She had just barely recovered when the biggest challenge of her nursing career presented itself. [PAR] In October of 1853, the Crimean War broke out. The British Empire was at war against the Russian Empire for control of the Ottoman Empire. Thousands"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonnie Elizabeth Barrow (Parker) (1910 - 1934) - Genealogy Bonnie Elizabeth Barrow (Parker) (1910 - 1934) - Genealogy [PAR] Bonnie Elizabeth Barrow [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] Rowena, Runnels County, Texas, United States [PAR] Death: [PAR] in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Dallas, Dallas County, Texas, United States [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels, Texas, United States [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Charles Robert Parker, Emma Eugenia Parker (born Krause) [PAR] Spouses: [PAR] Clyde Chestnut Barrow, Roy Glen Thornton [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Gibsland, Bienville, Louisiana, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels County, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Gibsland, Bienville Parish, Louisiana, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...-day at the funeral of Clyde Barrow anil Bonnie Parker. Barrow is the notorious Texas bandit, and Bonnie Purker, Ids woman companion... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] May 25 1934 - Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Bienville, Dallas, Texas, USA [PAR] Husband: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... 1May 24. WJILD scenes occurred today at Sthe funeral of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. Barrow, the notorious Texas bandit, and Bonnie P... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] May 25 1934 - Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Gibsland, Bienville, Louisiana, USA [PAR] Husband: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Bienvielle Parish, Louisiana, USA [PAR] Husband: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - State Highway 154,Gibsland,Bienville Parish, Louisiana,USA [PAR] Husband: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Bienville Parrish, Dallas, Texas, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] <Private> Parker, Emma Parker (born Krouse) [PAR] Husband: [PAR] Oct 1 1910 - Rowena, Runnels, Texas, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 23 1934 - Bienvielle Parish, Louisiana, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Charley Jt Parker, Emma Parker (born Krause) [PAR] Husband: [PAR] sister [PAR] About Bonnie Elizabeth Barrow [PAR] Bonnie and Clyde, lovers and criminals who traveled the Central United States during the Great Depression were not considered as romantic back then as they are today. Their gang was responsible for at least nine police officer and several civilian deaths. It is unsure how the couple met but it is thought that it was love at a first sight. When Bonnie and Clyde met (probably in 1930), the latter already had a criminal record but that obviously did not bother Bonnie. She decided to join him in his criminal undertakings and stayed with him until the very end. They were ambushed by the police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana in 1934 and killed. The couple wanted to be buried together but Bonnie\u2019s family did not allow it. [PAR] Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910 \u2013 May 23, 1934) and Clyde Barrow (March 24, 1909 \u2013 May 23, 1934) were well-known outlaws, robbers and criminals who traveled the Central United States with their gang during the Great Depression. Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during the \"public enemy era\" between 1931 and 1934. Though"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the Airplane - Orville and Wilbur Wright History of the Airplane - Orville and Wilbur Wright [PAR] History of the Airplane - Orville and Wilbur Wright [PAR] The history of the airplane and flight [PAR] Studio 504/ Stone/ Getty Images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated October 24, 2016. [PAR] \"Flight is possible to man...[and] I feel that it will soon cost me an increased amount of money if not my life\". - Wilbur Wright Co-Inventor of the first engined airplane . [PAR] Orville and Wilbur Wright were the inventors of the first airplane. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers launched the era of human flight when they successfully tested a flying vehicle that took off by its own power, flew naturally at even speed and descended without damage. [PAR] Before we get into the history of human flight, let's first understand what an airplane is. While we've seen airplanes in the sky and many of us have even experienced air travel by flying to places that would have taken much longer by any other means of transportation , airplanes can take many forms. By definition, an airplane is simply any aircraft with a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets. [PAR] However, before that fateful takeoff, other inventors made numerous attempts to make like the birds and fly. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of the Wright Brothers [PAR] Among these earlier efforts were contraptions such as kites, hot air balloons, airships, gliders and other types of aircraft. And while some progress was made, everything changed when the Wright brothers decided to tackle the problem of manned flight. Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) had requested a patent application for a \" flying machine \" nine months before their first successful flight. They were that confidant. [PAR] As part of the Wright Brothers' systematic practice of photographing every prototype and test of their various flying machines, they had persuaded an attendant from a nearby lifesaving station to snap Orville Wright in full flight. The aircraft soared to an altitude of 10 feet, traveled 120 feet, and landed 12 seconds after takeoff. After making two longer flights that day, Orville and Wilbur Wright sent a telegram to their father, instructing him to inform the press that manned flight had taken place. This was birth of the first real airplane. [PAR] After the Wright Brothers, inventors continued to improve airplanes. This led to the invention of jets, which are used by both the military and commercial airlines. A jet is an airplane propelled by jet engines . Jets fly much faster than propeller-powered aircraft and at higher altitudes, some as high as 10,000 to 15,000 meters (about 33,000 to 49,000 feet). Two engineers, Frank Whittle of the United Kingdom and Hans von Ohain of Germany, are credited with the development of the jet engine during the late 1930s. [PAR] Since then, some firms have developed electric aircrafts that runs on electric motors rather than internal combustion engines. The electricity comes from alternative fuel sources such as fuel cells, solar cells, ultracapacitors, power beaming and batteries. While the technology is in its infancy, some production models are already on the market. [PAR] Another area of exploration is with rocket-powered aircraft. These airplanes use engines that run on rocket propellant for propulsion, allowing them to soar at higher speeds and achieve faster acceleration. An early rocket-powered aircraft called the Me 163 Komet was deployed by the Germans during World War II. The Bell X-1 rocket plane was the first plane to break the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Titanic's Funnels Titanic's Funnels [PAR] TITANIC-TITANIC.com | Titanic's Funnels [PAR] The Olympic-class liners Olympic , Titanic and Britannic were all equipped with 29 triple-furnace Scotch-type boilers to power the mighty engines , 25 of which were double-ended, which meant that when all of the ship's boilers were fired, there were 162 individual fires burning. These fires produced large quantities of smoke and fumes which had to be discharged high above the ship, in order to ensure that the ship was largely-free of smuts and fumes, which also meant that the passengers would be able to walk around the decks without fear of being covered in soot! [PAR] To provide this, each of the three vessels were equipped with four large funnels, although funnel No. 4 did not carry fumes, and was there almost purely for aesthetic reasons. Each funnel was elliptical in section, and measured 24.5 ft. from front to back, and 19 feet across. The distance from the boilers to the top of the funnels was 150 feet. Each funnel was raked-back at an angle of 1:6 to provide a sleek profile, and was painted buff with a black top, as was the White Star Line tradition. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] A system of boiler uptakes was employed to carry the fumes away from the boilers and up to the base of the funnels. These spread out finger-like below the funnels and connected to the boilers , and can be seen here in the picture here below."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dick Turpin - The Legendary Highwayman and his ... - JORVIK Dick Turpin - The Legendary Highwayman and his horse Black Bess [PAR] Dick Turpin [PAR] Dick Turpin, much-romanticised through legend, was in fact an infamous highwayman, murderer and convicted horse-thief. He was tried and executed in York, assuring his place in English history and being forever linked with the city. [PAR] The Only Way is Essex [PAR] Richard \u2018Dick\u2019 Turpin was born in 1705 in Hempstead, Essex. His father John was an innkeeper and a butcher; Turpin became an apprentice butcher. He married at twenty and five years later, then with his own butcher\u2019s shop, he aided the prolific deer-poaching Gregory Gang, disposing of carcasses. [PAR] Landlord in Gangland London [PAR] By 1734 Turpin had become landlord of a pub at Clay Hill. His association with the gang was such that he joined them in brutal attacks and robberies in the outer London area. In 1735 after three gang members were arrested the youngest betrayed his fellows, Turpin being named by The London Gazette. Foolishly Turpin and the gang immediately committed further shocking assaults in the Essex area with three more gang members arrested and executed at Tyburn on 10 March. Turpin was named on the indictments for burglary. [PAR] Dick Turpin\u2019s Grave lies in St. George\u2019s Graveyard in a mainly residential part of York [PAR] Wanted Man [PAR] Turning to highway robbery from April 1735, he plagued Epping Forest, Southwark and other London areas. On 10 July, identified and named as \u2018Turpin the butcher\u2019, along with Thomas Rowden with a bounty of \u00a3100 on their heads, the duo\u2019s crimes continued throughout 1735. [PAR] Next referred to in February 1737 Turpin reportedly spent the night at Puckeridge with his wife, her maid and another man. Turpin\u2019s letter arranging the meeting (for horse stealing) was intercepted by the authorities. Turpin escaped while the others were arrested and imprisoned. [PAR] Undeterred Highwayman [PAR] The following month Turpin took up with highwaymen Matthew King and Stephen Potter, committing a series of robberies, culminating in an incident at Whitechapel when either King or Turpin stole a horse near Waltham Forest. Joseph Major, along with Richard Bayes, identified his animal, found tethered at The Red Lion, Whitechapel, and waited, along with the local constable, for the \u2018owner\u2019. King\u2019s brother eventually arrived leading them to his brother Matthew who received serious, but possibly accidental, gunshot wounds, dying the following month. [PAR] Reports varied, stating Turpin or Bayes had shot King. Turpin fled into Epping Forest and on being spotted by Thomas Morris, who was armed, shot and killed him on 4 May with a carbine. \u2018The Gentleman\u2019s Magazine\u2019 named Turpin as the suspect \u2013 a \u00a3200 reward was offered. [PAR] Turpin a.k.a John Palmer comes to Yorkshire [PAR] In June 1737, Turpin, under the alias John Palmer, lodged in Brough , East Yorkshire, posing as a horse trader. He regularly crossed the Humber committing crimes, stealing a horse from Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire, and riding it to his father\u2019s at Hempstead. Leaving the horse behind, implicating his father who was subsequently committed to gaol, Turpin returned to Brough having stolen three more horses from a Thomas Creasy. Creasy finally tracked down and recovered his horses in autumn 1738, thefts for which Turpin was eventually tried. [PAR] His gravestone is the only one in the yard upstanding from the ground (top left) [PAR] Locked up in York Castle [PAR] After a minor incident in October 1738 Turpin threatened to shoot someone; three JPs attended and committed Turpin to the House of Correction at Beverley . The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maximus (Character) - IMDb Maximus (Character) [PAR] Maximus (Character) [PAR] from Gladiator (2000) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] \"What we do in life echoes in eternity\" \" Every... See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] ... aka \"Flix Mix Vol. 2 Ultimate Fights\" - Canada (English title) (DVD box title) [PAR] Additional Details [PAR] From Gladiator (2000) [PAR] Lucilla : I want to help you. [PAR] Maximus : Yes, you can help me... Forget you ever knew me, and never come back here again. [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Update [PAR] You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process. [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] Maximus Decimus Meridius - IGN Maximus Decimus Meridius - IGN [PAR] IGN [PAR] The main character from Ridley Scott's 2000 film The Gladiator. [PAR] Also Known As: General Maximus Decimus Meridius [PAR] First Appearance: Gladiator, 2000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guys and Dolls (1955) - IMDb Guys and Dolls (1955) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In New York, a gambler is challenged to take a cold female missionary to Havana, but they fall for each other, and the bet has a hidden motive to finance a crap game. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Joseph L. Mankiewicz [PAR] Writers: [PAR] Jo Swerling (based upon the play: \"Guys and Dolls\" book by), Abe Burrows (based upon the play: \"Guys and Dolls\" book by) | 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 19 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 28 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 25 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 14 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: Guys and Dolls (1955) [PAR] 7.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 4 Oscars. Another 2 wins & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Two rival motorcycle gangs terrorize a small town after one of their leaders is thrown in jail. [PAR] Director: Laslo Benedek [PAR] Three sailors on a day of shore leave in New York City look for fun and romance before their twenty-four hours are up. [PAR] Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly [PAR] Stars: Gene Kelly, Frank Sinatra, Betty Garrett [PAR] The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France. [PAR] Director: Henry Koster [PAR] The growing ambition of Julius Caesar is a source of major concern to his close friend Brutus. Cassius persuades him to participate in his plot to assassinate Caesar but they have both sorely underestimated Mark Antony. [PAR] Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz [PAR] Paralized war vet tries to adjust to the world without the use of his limbs. [PAR] Director: Fred Zinnemann [PAR] An intelligent, articulate scholar, Harrison MacWhite, survives a hostile Senate confirmation hearing at the hands of conservatives to become ambassador to Sarkan, a southeast Asian country... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: George Englund [PAR] A US air force major in Kobe confronts his own opposition to marriages between American servicemen and Japanese women when he falls for a beautiful performer. [PAR] Director: Joshua Logan [PAR] The destiny of three soldiers during World War II. The German officer Christian Diestl approves less and less of the war. Jewish-American Noah Ackerman deals with antisemitism at home and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Edward Dmytryk [PAR] In the Oklahoma territory at the turn of the twentieth century, two young cowboys vie with an evil ranch hand and a traveling peddler for the hearts of the women they love. [PAR] Director: Fred Zinnemann [PAR] C.K. Dexter-Haven, a successful popular jazz musician, lives in a mansion near his ex-wife's Tracy Lord's family estate. She is on the verge of marrying a man blander and safer than Dex, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Charles Walters [PAR] The story of Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata, who led a rebellion against the corrupt, oppressive dictatorship of president Porfirio Diaz in the early 20th century. [PAR] Director:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) - IMDb Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Home Alone 2: Lost in New York ( 1992 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] One year after Kevin was left home alone and had to defeat a pair of bumbling burglars, he accidentally finds himself in New York City, and the same criminals are not far behind. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 28 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 21 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 09 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) [PAR] 6.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] An 8-year old troublemaker must protect his home from a pair of burglars when he is accidentally left home alone by his family during Christmas vacation. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] Alex Pruitt, a young boy of nine living in Chicago, fend off thieves who seek a top-secret chip in his toy car to support a North Korean terrorist organization's next deed. [PAR] Director: Raja Gosnell [PAR] On the outskirts of Whoville, there lives a green, revenge-seeking Grinch who plans on ruining the Christmas holiday for all of the citizens of the town. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] After inadvertently wreaking havoc on the elf community due to his ungainly size, a man raised as an elf at the North Pole is sent to the U.S. in search of his true identity. [PAR] Director: Jon Favreau [PAR] A young boy embarks on a magical adventure to the North Pole on the Polar Express. During his adventure he learns about friendship, bravery, and the spirit of Christmas. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] When two kids find and play a magical board game, they release a man trapped for decades in it and a host of dangers that can only be stopped by finishing the game. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] Home Alone 4 (TV Movie 2002) [PAR] Comedy | Crime | Family [PAR] Kevin McCallister's parents have split up. Now living with his mom, he decides to spend Christmas with his dad at the mansion of his father's rich girlfriend, Natalie. Meanwhile robber Marv... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Rod Daniel [PAR] When a man inadvertantly kills Santa on Christmas Eve, he finds himself magically recruited to take his place. [PAR] Director: John Pasquin [PAR] A newly recruited night security guard at the Museum of Natural History discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc. [PAR] Director: Shawn Levy [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Harry finds himself mysteriously selected as an under-aged competitor in a dangerous tournament between three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scientology's Seduction of Tom Cruise, Role in Nicole ... How Scientology Seduced Tom Cruise (Exclusive Book Excerpt) | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] Gary Musgrave [PAR] THR's exclusive excerpt from Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Lawrence Wright 's new book reveals how the church came between Cruise and Kidman, leader David Miscavige's intense courtship of the star, Bill Clinton's advice to the actor on how to lobby Tony Blair, and how Cruise once told Miscavige, \"If f--ing Arnold can be governor, I could be President.\" [PAR] This story first appeared in the Jan. 18 issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. [PAR] The past year hasn\u2019t been kind to the Church of Scientology. Katie Holmes divorced Tom Cruise. A Vanity Fair cover story that revealed the Scientology-run \u201caudition\u201d process to be Cruise\u2019s wife included an interview with one of Cruise\u2019s original candidates who was forced, she claims, to scrub toilets with a toothbrush as punishment. Meanwhile, Scientologist John Travolta was hit with several lawsuits (albeit unrelated to the Church) that spawned endless Internet speculation. Behind those sensational headlines, details of an organization whose secrecy long has been guarded began to seep out with detractors using the Internet to expose the Church\u2019s sacred documents and allege wrongdoing. Now, Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Lawrence Wright, who profiled ex-Scientologist Paul Haggis for The New Yorker in 2011, delves fullon into the history and inner workings of the Church of Scientology in his book Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the Prison of Belief. [PAR] Despite bad publicity and questions about its size \u2014 one survey puts U.S. membership at 25,000 (the Church claims 8 million worldwide), with the largest concentration in L.A. \u2014 Scientology continues to survive, with ex-members claiming it has assets of about $1 billion. As many as 5,000 people belong to the Sea Org, its elite clergy. Adherents are drawn to Scientology\u2019s emphasis on self-improvement, though the Church\u2019s theology and practices remain unknown to the public. (Since 1993, the IRS has classified Scientology as a tax-exempt religion.) Wright\u2019s account, which is detailed through Church documents, court records and hundreds of interviews, including many with ex-members, is disputed by Scientology, which declined to give interviews for the book. [PAR] Karin Pouw, a representative for Scientology tells THR that, \u201cThe one thing \u2018clear\u2019 about Lawrence Wright\u2019s book is that he continues to carry water for a handful of angry, bitter individuals ... [who] regurgitate six decades of false, bizarre tabloid allegations about the religion\u2019s founder, its leadership and its prominent members.\u201d Far from being in decline, she says Scientology opened 30 new churches in 2012. (Read Pouw's complete response here .) [PAR] Wright argues that the Church\u2019s mystique rests mainly on its celebrity members. Early on, founder L. Ron Hubbard recruited Hollywood notables like Gloria Swanson. David Miscavige, who has headed the Church since Hubbard\u2019s death in 1986, followed this strategy by cultivating Cruise, who has become the public face of the Church and one of its largest donors. Cruise, now 50, became a Scientologist in 1986 and the biggest celebrity to join the Church since Travolta. Cruise admired Miscavige\u2019s confidence and bravado. Miscavige, in turn, was seduced by Cruise\u2019s celebrity and opulent lifestyle. But by the mid-\u201990s, Cruise and wife Nicole Kidman drifted away from the Church, which frantically scrambled to win him back. In this exclusive excerpt, Wright details the relationship between Cruise and Miscavige, the star\u2019s renewed commitment to Scientology following his divorce from Kidman and his emergence as possibly the second most- powerful figure in the Church. \u2014 Andy Lewis [PAR] For five days in October 1998, Tom Cruise, one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clark Kent - Superman Wiki - Wikia Clark Kent | Superman Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Clark Kent is Superman's secret identity. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Overview [PAR] Clark Kent's name is a combination of the names of actors, Clark Gable and Kent Taylor. His physical design is believed to be modeled after science fiction fan Walter Dennis, who sent Joe Shuster his photograph. Through the popularity of his Superman alter ego, the personality, concept, and name of Clark Kent have become ingrained in popular culture as well, becoming synonymous with secret identities and innocuous fronts for ulterior motives and activities. [PAR] First written in the earliest Superman comics, Clark Kent's primary purpose was to fulfill the perceived dramatic requirement that a costumed superhero cannot stay on-duty twenty-four hours a day, or throughout the entirety of a comic book series. As such, Kent acted as little more than a front for Superman's activities. Although his name and history were taken from his early life with his adoptive Earth parents, everything about Kent was staged for the benefit of his alternate identity he acquired a job as a reporter for the Daily Planet for the convenience of receiving late-breaking news before the general public, providing an excuse for being present at crime scenes and having an occupation where his whereabouts do not have to be strictly accounted for as long as he makes his story deadlines. However, in order to draw attention away from the correlation between Kent and Superman, Clark Kent adopted a largely passive and introverted personality, applying conservative mannerisms, a higher-pitched voice, and a slight slouch. This personality is typically described as \"mild-mannered,\" perhaps most famously by the opening narration of Max Fleischer's Superman animated theatrical shorts . These traits extended into Kent's wardrobe, which typically consists of a softly-colored business suit, a red necktie, black-rimmed glasses, combed-back hair and, occasionally, a fedora. [PAR] Kent wears his Superman costume underneath his street clothes, which lends itself to easy transference between the two personalities. However, the purpose of this convention outside of fiction is largely dramatic, allowing Kent to rip open his shirt and reveal the familiar \"S\" insignia when called into action. When in action, Superman usually stores his Clark Kent clothing shrunken down inside a secret pouch hidden inside of his cape, though some stories have shown him leaving his clothes in some covert location (usually places like phone booths) for later retrieval. In addition with the Pre-Crisis comic book title, Superman Family , Kent is featured in a series of stories called \"The Private Life of Clark Kent,\" where he solves problems subtly without changing into Superman. [PAR] In the wake of John Byrne 's The Man of Steel reboot of Superman continuity, many traditional aspects of Clark Kent were dropped in favor of giving him a more aggressive and extroverted personality, including such aspects as making Kent a top football player in high school, along with being a successful author. Recently, some aspects of this change have been dropped, in favor of bringing back elements of the earlier, \"mild-mannered\" version of Kent. Feeling that Clark is the real person and that Clark is not afraid to be himself in his civilian identity, John Byrne has stated in interviews that he took inspiration for this portrayal from the George Reeves version of Superman. [PAR] Adopted by Jonathan Kent and his wife Martha Kent of Smallville , USA, Clark (and thus Superman) was raised with the values of a typical small, rural American town. Most continuities state that the Kents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Much Gold is There? Physical and Chemical Properties ... How Much Gold is There? Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold [PAR] An overview of gold -- weights & measures; physical & chemical properties. [PAR] Weights & Measures [PAR] The basic unit of weight used in dealing with gold is the troy ounce. One troy ounce is equivalent to 20 troy pennyweights. In the jewelry industry, the common unit of measure is the pennyweight (dwt.) which is equivalent to 1.555 grams. [PAR] 1 troy ounce = 31.1034 grams [PAR] 1 troy ounce = 1.0971 ounce avoirdupois (U.S.) [PAR] 1 troy ounce = 480 grains [PAR] 1 kilogram = 32.15 troy ounces [PAR] 1 metric ton (1,000 kilos) = 32,151 troy ounces [PAR] 10 tolas (Indian Subcontinent) = 3.75 troy ounces [PAR] 5 taels (Chinese) = 6.02 troy ounces [PAR] Standard Bar Sizes [PAR] 400 troy ounces (12.5 kilos) [PAR] 32.15 troy ounces (1 kilo) [PAR] 100 troy ounces (3.11 kilos) [PAR] Also, a wide variety of smaller-sized bars by various manufacturers are not deliverable to any exchange, but trade among makers in smaller markets. [PAR] Karat Gold Conversions [PAR] 24-karat = .995 to .9999 pure (fine) gold [PAR] 22-karat = .916 pure (fine) gold [PAR] 18-karat = .750 pure (fine) gold [PAR] 14-karat = .583 pure (fine) gold [PAR] 10-karat = .4167 pure (fine) gold [PAR] The degree of purity of native gold, bullion (bars or ingots of unrefined gold), and refined gold is stated in terms of gold content. \"Fineness\" defines gold content in parts per thousand. For example, a gold nugget containing 885 parts of pure gold and 115 parts of other metals, such as silver and copper, would be considered 885-fine. \"Karat\" indicates the proportion of solid gold in an alloy based on a total of 24 parts. Thus, 14-karat (14K) gold indicates a composition of 14 parts of gold and 10 parts of other metals. Incidentally, 14K gold is commonly used in jewelry manufacture. \"Karat\" should not be confused with \"carat,\" a unit of weight used for precious stones. [PAR] Geological & Mining Background [PAR] Gold is relatively scarce in the earth, but it occurs in many different kinds of rocks and in many different geological environments. Though scarce, gold is concentrated by geologic processes to form commercial deposits of two principal types: lode (primary) deposits and placer (secondary) deposits. [PAR] Lode deposits are the targets for the \"hardrock\" prospector seeking gold at the site of its deposition from mineralizing solutions. Geologists have proposed various hypotheses to explain the source of solutions from which mineral constituents are precipitated in lode deposits. [PAR] One widely accepted hypothesis proposes that many gold deposits, especially those found in volcanic and sedimentary rocks, formed from circulating ground waters driven by heat from bodies of magma (molten rock) intruded into the Earth's crust within about 2 to 5 miles of the surface. Active geothermal systems, which are exploited in parts of the United States for natural hot water and steam, provide a modern analog for these gold-depositing systems. Most of the water in geothermal systems originates as rainfall, which moves downward through fractures and permeable beds in cooler parts of the crust and is drawn laterally into areas heated by magma, where it is driven upward through fractures. As the water is superheated, it dissolves metals from the surrounding rocks. When the heated waters reach cooler rocks at shallower depths, metallic minerals precipitate to form veins or blanket-like ore bodies. [PAR] Two thirds of the world's supply comes from South Africa, and 2/3 of USA production is from South"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? - About.com Education What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] Boiling Point of Water [PAR] The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level). Jody Dole, Getty Images [PAR] Updated July 21, 2016. [PAR] Question: What Temperature Does Water Boil? [PAR] At what temperature does water boil? What determines the boiling point of water? Here's the answer to this common question. [PAR] Answer: The boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C or 212\u00b0 F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level). [PAR] However, the value is not a constant. The boiling point of water depends on the atmospheric pressure, which changes according to elevation. The boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C or 212\u00b0 F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level), but water boils at a lower temperature as you gain altitude (e.g., on a mountain) and boils at a higher temperature if you increase atmospheric pressure (lived below sea level ). [PAR] The boiling point of water also depends on the purity of the water. Water which contains impurities (such as salted water ) boils at a higher temperature than pure water. This phenomenon is called boiling point elevation , which is one of the colligative properties of matter. [PAR] Learn More[DOC] [TLE] On the Fahrenheit scale, why is 32 freezing and 212 ... The Straight Dope: On the Fahrenheit scale, why is 32 freezing and 212 boiling? What do 0 and 100 mean? [PAR] Search The Straight Dope [PAR] A Straight Dope Classic from Cecil's Storehouse of Human Knowledge [PAR] On the Fahrenheit scale, why is 32 freezing and 212 boiling? What do 0 and 100 mean? [PAR] December 15, 1989 [PAR] Dear Cecil: [PAR] Everybody knows 0 degrees on the Celsius scale is the freezing point of water and 100 degrees is the boiling point. On the Fahrenheit scale, however, freezing is 32 degrees and boiling 212. How on earth were these numbers arrived at? Do 0 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit mean anything? [PAR] \u2014 Leslie, Montreal, Quebec [PAR] Cecil replies: [PAR] Researchers have gone to their graves trying to figure out what old man Fahrenheit was up to, Leslie. Here's the story as well as I can piece it together: [PAR] Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) was a German instrument maker who invented the first practical mercury thermometer. Casting about for a suitable scale for his device, he visited the Danish astronomer Ole Romer, who had devised a system of his own. As it turned out, it was a case of the blind leading the blind. [PAR] Romer had decided that the boiling point of water should be 60 degrees. This at least had the strength of numerological tradition behind it (60 minutes in an hour, right?). But zero was totally arbitrary, the main consideration apparently being that it should be colder than it ever got in Denmark. (Romer didn't like using negative numbers in his weather logbook.) In addition to the boiling point of water, the landmarks on Romer's scale were the freezing point of water, 7-1/2 degrees, and body temperature, 22-1/2 degrees. [PAR] D.G., simple soul that he was, thought this cockeyed system was the soul of elegance. He made one useful change: to get rid of the fractions, he multiplied Romer's degrees by 4, giving him 30 for the freezing point and 90 for body temperature. Then, for reasons nobody has ever been able to fathom, he multiplied"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Brief History of Time 10 Anv, Stephen Hawking - Amazon.com A Brief History of Time 10 Anv, Stephen Hawking - Amazon.com [PAR] on June 21, 2002 [PAR] Format: Hardcover [PAR] Stephen Hawking is an established scientific genius, but this book establishes him as a brilliant writer - an extremely rare, yet valuable combination. A point he brings to attention is that it had been possible for the philosophers of ancient times to master practically all the knowledge of academia. Today, however, only a handful of extremely specialized scientists understand the latest ideas in their fields. While men of ancient times could easily understand the latest scientific ideas, people today are lost. Enter \"A Brief History of Time.\" This book helps fill in that gap between an average person's understanding and the highly specialized scientists' knowledge. [PAR] This book covers ideas that are profound and affect everyone. It explains theories that concern the creation of the universe, time travel, light-speed travel, and many more topics. Imagine actually having some grasp of Einstein's general relativity. Ever heard of string theory? How might time travel actually be possible? What are these black holes of which I've heard? This book packs an incredible amount of information into its 248 pages, yet somehow is still easily read - this is the true marvel of this book. [PAR] The illustrated version is worth the extra money. It contains many updates and additions throughout the book by Hawking (including the time travel chapter!). Every (and I mean every) concept throughout the book is accompanied by at least one illustration - think about it: 240 color illustrations with only 248 pages! [PAR] Towards the middle of the book, some of the concepts get more complex (when he really gets into the details of sub-atomic particles). However, as a recent high school graduate, I can say with some level of certainty that the average person can understand 90% of this book - and those parts are the most interesting! It will change the way you look at the universe.[DOC] [TLE] A Brief History of Time - Stephen Hawking A Brief History of Time - Stephen Hawking [PAR] Stephen Hawking [PAR] A Brief History of Time [PAR] Stephen Hawking, one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists in history, wrote the modern classic A Brief History of Time to help non-scientists understand fundamental questions of physics and our existence: where did the universe come from? How and why did it begin? Will it come to an end, and if so, how? [PAR] Hawking attempts to deal with these questions (and where we might look for answers) using a minimum of technical jargon. Among the topics gracefully covered are gravity, black holes, the Big Bang, the nature of time and physicists' search for a grand unifying theory. [PAR] This is deep science; the concepts are so vast (or so tiny) that they cause mental vertigo while reading, and one can't help but marvel at Hawking's ability to synthesize this difficult subject for people not used to thinking about things like alternate dimensions. The journey is certainly worth taking for as Hawking says, the reward of understanding the universe may be a glimpse of \"the mind of God\". [PAR] Reviews of this book"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for ... 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? [PAR] 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? [PAR] 3. Will Young has been invited to take part in which panel show after saying he is a fan? [PAR] 4. Nasty Nick Cotton is to return to which TV soap? [PAR] 5. Which author earns \u00a33m a week in royalties, it was revealed this week? [PAR] 6. Which band release the album Dig Out Your Soul on Monday? [PAR] 7. In which year was a World Cup final first decided on penalties? [PAR] 8. What is the tallest and thickest kind of grass? [PAR] 9. Which TV cast had a hit with Hi-Fidelity? [PAR] 10. What nationality was the composer Handel? [PAR] 11. What is most expensive property in the board game Monopoly? [PAR] 12. Which Scandinavian group had a top 20 hit in 1993 called Dark Is The Night? [PAR] 13. In which century was King Henry IV of England born? [PAR] 14. Who directed the film Alien? [PAR] 15. Who was the only person to win a medal for Ireland at the Sydney Olympics in 2000? [PAR] 16. What did Nicholas Copernicus argue was at the centre of our universe, and what was the common belief before then? [PAR] 17. Which three American states begin with the letter O? [PAR] 18. In what year did Ruth Ellis become the last woman to be hanged in England? [PAR] 19. Who was the first British monarch to choose Buckingham Palace as their home? [PAR] 20. How many Jack\u2019s eyes are visible in a standard pack of playing cards? [PAR] 21. What is Britain\u2019s largest lake? [PAR] 22. Cameroon gained its independence from which European country in 1960? [PAR] 23. Who had a number one in 1960 called Only The Lonely? [PAR] 24. The 1964 film My Fair Lady was based on a play by whom? [PAR] 25. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote the novels Agnes Gray and The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall? [PAR] 26. Which American president once famously proclaimed: \u201cIch bin ein Berliner\u201d? [PAR] 27. Which element has the chemical symbol Pb? [PAR] 28. What was the name of the murder victim at the beginning of the TV series Twin Peaks? [PAR] 29. Who directed the 2001 film Mulholland Drive? [PAR] 30. In horse racing, which three racecourses stage the five English classics? [PAR] ANSWERS: 1. Rick Astley; 2. Othello; 3. Question Time; 4. Eastenders; 5. JK Rowling; 6. Oasis; 7. 1994; 8. Bamboo; 9. The Kids From Fame; 10. German; 11. Mayfair; 12. A-Ha; 13. 14th; 14. Ridley Scott; 15. Sonia O\u2019Sullivan; 16. The Sun. Before then people believed it was the Earth; 17. Ohio, Oklahoma and Oregon; 18. 1955; 19. Queen Victoria; 20. 12; 21. Loch Lomond; 22. France; 23. Roy Orbison; 24. George Bernard Shaw; 25. Anne; 26. John F. Kennedy; 27. Lead; 28. Laura Palmer; 29. David Lynch; 30. Doncaster, Epsom, Newmarket [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nitrous oxide: Laughing gas known as 'hippy crack' is 2nd ... Nitrous oxide: Laughing gas known as 'hippy crack' is 2nd most popular legal high drug among young people | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] The legal high known as \u2018hippy crack\u2019 was used by one in 16 young people, according to new figures. [PAR] The first data to be released on the use of nitrous oxide reveals more than six per cent, or 350,000 people aged 16-24 year used the drug last year. [PAR] Better known as laughing gas, it is a regular fixture as a legal party and festival drug and is the second most popular drug among young people. [PAR] Legal high: Discarded Nitrous Oxide canisters and balloons used for inhaling abandoned in campsites at the Glastonbury Festival [PAR] On a downer: Illegal drug use has fallen, particularly for cocaine and ecstasy, latest figures show [PAR] Nitrous oxide is inhaled to make people feel euphoric and relaxed - but drug experts warn it can cause death on first time use through suffocation. [PAR] For the first time the 2012-13 Crime Survey for England and Wales included questions about the use of the drug. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share [PAR] It is often sold to recreational users in balloons in nightclubs and at parties. [PAR] Cheap, seemingly harmless and guaranteeing a night of raucous laughter, so-called 'hippy crack' is increasingly popular with celebrities and their well-heeled young fans alike. [PAR] Home office minister Jeremy Browne said drug use in England and Wales was at a record low [PAR] Even Prince Harry was seen indulging two years ago. [PAR] The survey also asked participants about herbal high salvia, also known as Mexican magic mint. [PAR] It found that some 6.1 per cent of adults aged 16 to 24 had taken nitrous oxide, while 1.1 per cent had taken salvia in the last year. [PAR] However overall drug use in England and Wales is at the lowest level since records began. [PAR] The Home Office reported that around 8.2 per cent of 16 to 59-year-olds used an illicit drug in the last year, compared with 11.1 per cent in 1996. [PAR] And the proportion of adults who took a class A drug has dropped from 3 per cent in 2011-12 to 2.6 per cent. [PAR] Home Office Minister Jeremy Browne wrote to summer festival organisers earlier this year highlighting the Government's concerns about the availability of nitrous oxide and asking that they take steps to prevent its sale at events. [PAR] Today Mr Browne said: \u2018Today\u2019s report shows drug usage in England and Wales is at its lowest level since records began. [PAR] \u2018This, coupled with the record number of people leaving drug treatment programmes free from dependency, is really positive news.\u2019 [PAR] A survey on attitudes also revealed that almost four out of five - or 79 per cent- of respondents thought taking cannabis was unsafe. [PAR] Two-thirds thought it was never acceptable to take cannabis and the majority said it was unsafe to take heroin, cocaine or ecstasy. [PAR] A Home Office spokesman said: 'Nitrous oxide is a legal substance which has a number of legitimate medical and industrial uses but any suggestion of abuse, particularly by young people is of concern. [PAR] '\"Like all drugs there are health risks and nitrous oxide should not be experimented with.'"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Einstein born - Mar 14, 1879 - HISTORY.com Albert Einstein born - Mar 14, 1879 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Albert Einstein born [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein is born, the son of a Jewish electrical engineer in Ulm, Germany. Einstein\u2019s theories of special and general relativity drastically altered man\u2019s view of the universe, and his work in particle and energy theory helped make possible quantum mechanics and, ultimately, the atomic bomb. [PAR] After a childhood in Germany and Italy, Einstein studied physics and mathematics at the Federal Polytechnic Academy in Zurich, Switzerland. He became a Swiss citizen and in 1905 was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich while working at the Swiss patent office in Bern. That year, which historians of Einstein\u2019s career call the annus mirabilis\u2013the \u201cmiracle year\u201d\u2013he published five theoretical papers that were to have a profound effect on the development of modern physics. [PAR] In the first of these, titled \u201cOn a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light,\u201d Einstein theorized that light is made up of individual quanta (photons) that demonstrate particle-like properties while collectively behaving like a wave. The hypothesis, an important step in the development of quantum theory, was arrived at through Einstein\u2019s examination of the photoelectric effect, a phenomenon in which some solids emit electrically charged particles when struck by light. This work would later earn him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics. [PAR] In the second paper, he devised a new method of counting and determining the size of the atoms and molecules in a given space, and in the third he offered a mathematical explanation for the constant erratic movement of particles suspended in a fluid, known as Brownian motion. These two papers provided indisputable evidence of the existence of atoms, which at the time was still disputed by a few scientists. [PAR] Einstein\u2019s fourth groundbreaking scientific work of 1905 addressed what he termed his special theory of relativity. In special relativity, time and space are not absolute, but relative to the motion of the observer. Thus, two observers traveling at great speeds in regard to each other would not necessarily observe simultaneous events in time at the same moment, nor necessarily agree in their measurements of space. In Einstein\u2019s theory, the speed of light, which is the limiting speed of any body having mass, is constant in all frames of reference. In the fifth paper that year, an exploration of the mathematics of special relativity, Einstein announced that mass and energy were equivalent and could be calculated with an equation, E=mc2. [PAR] Although the public was not quick to embrace his revolutionary science, Einstein was welcomed into the circle of Europe\u2019s most eminent physicists and given professorships in Z\u00fdrich, Prague, and Berlin. In 1916, he published \u201cThe Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity,\u201d which proposed that gravity, as well as motion, can affect the intervals of time and of space. According to Einstein, gravitation is not a force, as Isaac Newton had argued, but a curved field in the space-time continuum, created by the presence of mass. An object of very large gravitational mass, such as the sun, would therefore appear to warp space and time around it, which could be demonstrated by observing starlight as it skirted the sun on its way to earth. In 1919, astronomers studying a solar eclipse verified predictions Einstein made in the general theory of relativity, and he became an overnight celebrity. Later, other predictions of general relativity, such as a shift in the orbit of the planet Mercury and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monopoly - Monopoly Wiki - Wikia Monopoly | Monopoly Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] History [PAR] The history of Monopoly can be traced back to the early 1900s. In 1904, a Quaker woman named Elizabeth (Lizzie) J. Magie Phillips created a game through which she hoped to be able to explain the single tax theory of Henry George (it was supposed to illustrate the negative aspects of concentrating land in private monopolies). Her game, The Landlord's Game, was commercially published a few years later. Other interested game players redeveloped the game and some made their own sets. Lizzie herself patented a revised edition of the game in 1904, and similar games were published commercially. By the early 1930s, a board game named Monopoly was created much like the version of Monopoly sold by Parker Brothers and its parent companies throughout the rest of the 20th century and into the 21st. The Parker Brothers' version was created by Charles Darrow . Several people, mostly in the U.S. Midwest and near the U.S. East Coast, contributed to the game's design and evolution. [PAR] In 1941 the British Secret Service had John Waddington Ltd., the licensed manufacturer of the game outside the U.S., create a special edition for World War II prisoners of war held by the Nazis. Hidden inside these games were maps, compasses, real money, and other objects useful for escaping. They were distributed to prisoners by the International Red Cross. [PAR] By the 1970s, the game's early history had been lost (and at least one historian has argued that it was purposely suppressed - see below), and the idea that it had been created solely by Charles Darrow had become popular folklore. This was stated in the 1974 book The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game, by Maxine Brady, and even in the instructions of the game itself. As Professor Ralph Anspach fought Parker Brothers and its then parent company, General Mills, over the trademarks of the Monopoly board game, much of the early history of the game was \"rediscovered.\" [PAR] Because of the lengthy court process, and appeals, the legal status of Parker Brothers' trademarks on the game was not settled until the mid-1980s. The game's name remains a registered trademark of Parker Brothers, as do its specific design elements. Parker Brothers' current corporate parent, Hasbro, again acknowledges only the role of Charles Darrow in the creation of the game. Anspach published a book about his research, called The Billion Dollar Monopoly Swindle (and republished as Monopolygate), in which he makes his case about the purposeful suppression of the game's early history and development. [PAR] Board [PAR] This is the original version produced by Charles Darrow, and later by Parker Brothers. The board consists of forty spaces containing twenty-eight properties, three Chance spaces, three Community Chest spaces, a Luxury Tax space, an Income Tax space, and the four corner squares: GO, Jail, Free Parking , and Go to Jail. In the U.S. versions shown below, the properties are named after locations in (or near) Atlantic City, New Jersey. However, as of September 2008, the layout of the board has been modified to more closely match the foreign-released versions, as shown in the two board layouts below. The notable changes are the colors of Mediterranean and Baltic Avenues changing from purple to brown, the colors of the GO square from red to black, and the adaptation of the flat $200 Income Tax (formerly the player's choice of 10% of their total holdings OR $200; players had to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United States of America Flag - World Flags 101 - American ... United States of America Flag - World Flags 101 - American Flags [PAR] [ what's this? ] [PAR] American Flag Meaning: [PAR] The 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies of the US: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Virginia. The 50 stars represent the individual states that make up the nation. Popular history states the red of the flag represents valor, white stands for liberty or purity and blue represents justice, loyalty and perseverance. These meanings are unofficial though. [PAR] American Flag History: [PAR] The current American flag was adopted on July 4, 1960. The American flag originated in the mid-18th century from flags used at the time of the American War of Independence with Britain. Congress officially set the design of the American flag in June 1777, stating that it should be 13 alternating red and white stripes, with 13 white stars on a blue field as there were 13 original member states in the newly formed Union. As new states joined the country a new star and stripe were added to the American flag. In 1818, the American flag's design was changed to the original one of 13 stripes. Any new states were now represented by a white star only and would be added to the American flag on July 4th of the year they joined. Up until 1818, there was no specific pattern for the stars to follow and this led to a few different designs until the president stated they should be placed in parallel rows. The last star, representing Hawaii was added was in 1960, and it became the 27th version of the American flag. Like many of the worlds other old flags, there are many legends and myths that surround the flag of the United States of America. [PAR] Interesting American Flag Facts: [PAR] The American flag is often called \"the stars and stripes\" or \"Old Glory.\" [PAR] The American flag has influenced the design of many other of the world's flags [PAR] Old and tattered flags are supposed to be burned in a simple ceremony once they become unacceptable for flying. However, may people have taken to public displays of burning the American flag to show their displeasure with the country. [PAR] World FlagsAlphabetical list of all world flags. [PAR] U[DOC] [TLE] National Symbol: The Flag National Symbol: The Flag [PAR] The Flag [PAR] The U.S. flag has undergone many changes since the first official flag of 1777. On June 14, 1777 , the Continental Congress passed the first Flag Act, which said that the flag would be made up of thirteen alternating red and white stripes and thirteen white stars on a blue field. Stars have been added to the flag as new states join the union. Currently, the flag contains 50 stars. [PAR] Ever wonder why the flag is red, white, and blue? While the flag's colors did not have a specific meaning at the time, the colors were significant for the Great Seal of 1782. [PAR] White: Signifies purity and innocence [PAR] Red: Signifies valor and bravery [PAR] Blue: Signifies Vigilance, perseverance, and justice [PAR] Why stars and stripes? Stars are considered a symbol of the heavens and the divine goal to which man has aspired from time immemorial; the stripe is symbolic of the rays of light emanating from the sun. [PAR] Facts About the U.S. Flag [PAR] How many stars and stripes are on the flag? [PAR] There are 50"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Animalia (Picture Puffins) Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Animalia (Picture Puffins) [PAR] Animalia (Picture Puffins) [PAR] 4.7 out of 5 stars [PAR] 311 [PAR] Price:$7.90+ Free shipping with Amazon Prime [PAR] Your rating( Clear )Rate this item [PAR] 67 people found this helpful [PAR] 5.0 out of 5 starsOne of the Most Amazing Sights in books [PAR] ByCallieon October 11, 2000 [PAR] \"Animalia\" is an illustrated book that brings you into a magical fantasy land full of animals. It features brilliant pictures of cats, birds, mice, unicorns and all sorts of animals. Each creature acts out interesting activities with gorgeous backgrounds. I am now sixteen, but I remember when the book recently came out, some six or seven years ago and I was amazed by the many sights of this book. Every page has \"tongue twisters\" for the letters of the alphebet, such as \"Crafty Crimson Cats Carefully Catchting Crusty Crayfish\" and \"Lazy Lions Lounging In The Local Library\". The pages also have pictures of many things that start with the letters. The lions look at books titled \"Lassie Come Home\", \"Let's Learn Latin\", and \"Life In Louxembourg\". The cats where charms and sit next to a pond, surrounded by a grand horizan where in the background you see castles and churches. Myself and my brother and sister loved looking for all of the things that started with C. We were also very amazed by the mesmorizing images. These illustrations look very lifelike, in fact, they look very much like the wonderful scenes children see in dreams. Reading this book with your kids is like walking through a great fantasy adventure in an animal world. It also serves as an excellent method to teach the alphebet to children. You will always enjoy reading this book with your kids and your kids will also enjoy reading and looking at the book by themselves. [PAR] 45 people found this helpful [PAR] 3.0 out of 5 starsGreat book with one disturbing page [PAR] ByA customeron April 27, 2004 [PAR] I agree with every word that previous reviewers used to glorify this book; however, my 4 year old has become obsessed with (and I think slightly disturbed by) the \"K\" page which shows a machine gun wielding kookaburra and kangaroo (both male) kidnapping a female koala. The kangaroo is pointing his machine gun at the koala and he is seemingly dragging her away. No matter how other reviewers try to rationalize the scene, the kidnapping is deliberate and violent. If the book wasn't marketed to kids, I wouldn't even think twice about this scene's inclusion, but I just don't think it was a wise scenario to put in the book. Perhaps this scenario wasn't the very best choice--couldn't Base have these critters knitting or flying kites? I try to make nothing of this scene, but my daughter always wants to turn back to that page and ask what the kangaroo is doing and why he is doing it. I try to tell her that they are playing cops and robbers, but that means nothing to her. The fact that she lingers over the scene seems to substantiate the \"disturb\" factor that I feel about it. My daughter detects the violence. Of course, it provides a teachable moment, and I don't want to sound moralizing because I do otherwise adore this book for the great fun it provides. However, you may want to preview that page before choosing this book for your child. I would like to just skip that page all together (and I may tape it together with the previous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Underground - tube trains - Project Britain London Underground - tube trains [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Finding your way through London using the Underground is not as difficult as it looks. To make it easier for you to get to know the Undergound system we are just focussing on the main part most tourists travel on. [PAR] Each line on the underground has a name and is colour coded to make it easier to plan your route. There is a total of 12 different colored lines in the London Underground system. [PAR] The Northern Line, which runs from High Barnet in the north to Morden in the south, is represented by a black line on the map. The Central line is red, and as its name suggests, it runs from east to west, taking in central London. The Circle line is yellow and is the only line which runs in a complete circle. [PAR] There are maps at each station as well as inside each train to ensure that you can see where you are going and that you are on the right train."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] c++ - On what days does the thirteenth occur? USACO ... c++ - On what days does the thirteenth occur? USACO - Stack Overflow [PAR] On what days does the thirteenth occur? USACO [PAR] up vote -5 down vote favorite [PAR] Is Friday the 13th really an unusual event? [PAR] That is, does the 13th of the month land on a Friday less often than on any other >day of the week? To answer this question, write a program that will compute the frequency that the 13th of each month lands on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, >Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday over a given period of N years. The >time period to test will be from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 1900+N-1 for a >given number of years, N. N is positive and will not exceed 400. [PAR] Here's what I have: [PAR] #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; int main(){ ifstream fin(\"fridayin.txt\"); ofstream fout(\"fridayout.txt\"); int N; fin >> N; int current_year, end_year = 1900 + N - 1, current_day = 1; //set current_year, end_year, and current_day to 1(Monday) int daycounter[7] = { 0 }; //this will record how many times a day occurs on the 13th int current_month = 1; int day; for (current_month = 1; current_month <= 12; current_month++){ for (current_year = 1900; current_year <= end_year; current_year++){ //jan 13=saturday int yp = current_year - 1900; if (current_year < 2000){ //2000 is a leap year day = (6 + yp + yp / 4 - yp / 100) % 7; daycounter[day]++; //increment the day counter } else if (current_year > 2000){ //check if it's after 2000, if it is add 1 to 6 to get 0 (mod 7) day = (yp + yp / 4 - yp / 100) % 7; daycounter[day]++; //increment the day counter } } } int i; for (i = 0; i < 7; i++){ fout << daycounter[i] << ' '; } return 0; } [PAR] I'm computing the January 13ths then the February 13ths,... December 13ths. [PAR] Here's input: [PAR] up vote 0 down vote [PAR] Here's a Java implementation: [PAR] package time; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * Superstition calculates how frequently the 13th falls on each day of the week * @author Michael * @link https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31231343/on-what-days-does-the-thirteenth-occur-usaco * @since 7/5/2015 10:31 AM */ public class Superstition { public static final DateFormat DEFAULT_FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat(\"yyyy-MMM-dd\"); public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_YEARS = 400; public static final String START_DATE = \"1900-Jan-13\"; public static final int MONTHS_PER_YEAR = 12; public static void main(String[] args) { Map<Integer, Integer> frequencies = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, Integer>() {{ put(Calendar.SUNDAY, 0); put(Calendar.MONDAY, 0); put(Calendar.TUESDAY, 0); put(Calendar.WEDNESDAY, 0); put(Calendar.THURSDAY, 0); put(Calendar.FRIDAY, 0); put(Calendar.SATURDAY, 0); }}; try { int maxYears = args.length > 0 ? Integer.parseInt(args[0]) : DEFAULT_MAX_YEARS; Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTime(DEFAULT_FORMAT.parse(START_DATE)); for (int i = 0; i < maxYears; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < MONTHS_PER_YEAR; ++j) { int dayOfWeek = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); frequencies.put(dayOfWeek, (frequencies.get(dayOfWeek) + 1)); calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1); } } } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(frequencies); } } } [PAR] Here's the output for the years from 1900 to 2300: [PAR] com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain time.Superstition {1=687, 2=685, 3=685, 4=687, 5=684, 6=688, 7=684} Process finished with exit code 0 [PAR] As expected, the frequencies with which the 13th falls on each day of the week are roughly the same. Sum of values equals (# years)*(12 months per year), as it should be.[DOC] [TLE] \"Friday the 13th Comes On a Wednesday This Month!\" FRIENDS of JUSTICE: \"Friday the 13th Comes On a Wednesday This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chinese Astrology 2016 Horoscopes: The Year of the Monkey Chinese Astrology 2016 Horoscopes: The Year of the Monkey | Cafe Astrology .com [PAR] Chinese Astrology 2016 Horoscopes: The Year of the Monkey [PAR] Chinese Astrology: 2016 Horoscopes Year of the Monkey [PAR] Eastern Astrology: The Chinese Lunar New Year and Calendar [PAR] 2016 is the Year of the Monkey (Fire Monkey) \u2013 from February 4th. [PAR] The Chinese Lunar New Year occurs every year on the New Moon of the first lunar month, which is the second New Moon after the Winter Solstice. The exact date can fall anywhere between late January and the middle of February. A complete cycle of the Chinese lunar calendar takes 60 years and comprises five cycles of 12 years\u201312 animal signs and 5 elements. [PAR] The Chinese Lunar New Year differs to that of the Roman New Year because the Chinese calendar is based on the phases of the moon, whereas the Gregorian calendar, on which the Roman New Year is based, is an arithmetic calendar. [PAR] Each of the 12 years of the Chinese lunar calendar is named after an animal. These are: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig. Legend has it that Buddha summoned all the animals to come to see him before he departed earth. Only 12 came so he rewarded those 12 by naming a year in the Chinese lunar calendar after them, in the order they arrived to see him. [PAR] As with western astrology where it\u2019s believed that the Sun\u2019s position at the time of an individual\u2019s birth determines certain personality traits that a person will possess, it\u2019s thought that each animal represented in the Chinese lunar calendar bestows certain characteristics on individuals who are born during the year that particular animal \u201crules.\u201d [PAR] In 2015, Chinese New Year fell on February 18/19, but the year of the Goat ran from February 4th, 2015 forward. [PAR] In 2016, Chinese New Year falls on February 8th, but the Year of the Monkey runs from February 4th, 2016 forward. [PAR] The Monkey is the ninth sign of the Chinese Zodiac. [PAR] The Monkey is clever, versatile, a trickster, and popular. The Monkey year favors making changes and adjustments, stepping up to the plate, building, creating, and innovating. Problem areas can be deceptiveness, fickleness, and difficulties controlling our passions. It\u2019s a fast-paced year that can be temperamental at times. [PAR] The Year of the Monkey 2016 is a Yang Fire year, and it\u2019s a year for pursuing our interests, grabbing opportunities, and taking calculated risks. The year favors those who are self-motivated and who quickly bounce back from setbacks. [PAR] {Note that the sequence of years runs as follows: Yang Wood, Yin Wood, Yang Fire, Yin Fire, Yang Earth, Yin Earth, Yang Metal, Yin Metal, Yang Water, Yin Water.} [PAR] Caution and moderation were advised in 2009, the Year of the Ox, flexibility and the ability to deal with change were considered essential qualities in 2010, the ability to make compromises and to negotiate were important in 2011, adventurousness and boldness were favored in 2012, 2013 favored inner development and renewal/recycling, 2014 favored quick decisions and a quick pace, and 2015 favored healing and supporting. [PAR] The Monkey is the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac, and 2016 is a 9 year in Numerology, so that the symbolism of this number is powerful. [PAR] The last Monkey year was 2004 (12 year cycle). The last Fire Monkey year was 1956 (60 year cycle). Events occurring this year can bear some similarities to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Precolumbian Tribal Dogs In The Americas - Native Languages Native American Indian Dogs: Indigenous Dog Breeds of North and South America [PAR] What's new on our site today! [PAR] Precolumbian Tribal Dogs In The Americas [PAR] by Stephanie Little Wolf [PAR] The dog who first entered North America with paleoindians was a well established inhabitant along with his human counterpart as early as fourteen thousand years ago. DNA studies on the genetic structure of paleoamerican dogs show that this was a fully domesticated animal at the time of entry into the North American continant, suggesting that the domestication of dogs occurred at an earlier time than has been previously suggested, (the archaeological record suggests canid domestication events around fourteen thousand years ago)- about the same time that humans walked over from Eurasia to the new world. This would indicate that the dog was actually domesticated at an earlier time than that. [PAR] The DNA Factor [PAR] Indeed, the Mtdna (mitochondrial) studies strongly support the hypothesis that paleoamerican and eurasian domestic dogs share a common origin, both evolving from the Eurasian gray Wolf. No evidence of a separate domestication of dogs from North American Grey Wolves was discovered. Although the haplotypes found in paleoamerican dogs were closely related to Eurasian dogs, some of them formed a unique clade within the main genetic group, (clad 1), which is found only in paleoamerican dogs. This indicates that dogs were present and isolated in the new world for a considerable amount of time. This long period of isolation led to the appearance of a group of genetic sequences (haplotypes) that are similar but very easily distinguishable from dogs from other parts of the world, or from any modern dog population in America today. Indeed, no surveyed modern population of dogs in the united states carries these unique genetic markers in their DNA. American Indian Dogs were extinct early on by the inbreeding and replacemnt by European dogs. Only the Eskimo dog has survived. Dna evidence links the Eskimo Dog with the Australian Dingo, the New Guinea Singing dog, and the Shiba Inu. The Mexican Hairless or Xoloitzcuintle was present in the Americas long before Europeans arrived, but the genetic lineage shows extreme mixing with European dogs and may not genetically resemble its precolumbian ancestors anymore, although reduced dentition and hairlessness are extremely dominant traits, so the dogs strongly resemble their forbears in appearance. [PAR] Dogs, Wolves, and Coyotes [PAR] At the time of European contact, American Indians were groups of diverse and widely dispersed nations. It is common yet inaccurate these days for them to be discussed as one single population, and their dogs do not escape this inaccuracy. In fact, there were many different types of Indian dogs and they were used for a variety of reasons that were as diverse and unique as the people they inhabited the land with. It is also common for modern researchers to site early explorers from the late 1600's to the late 1800's and their anecdotal interpretations of Indian dogs as being almost impossible to distinguish from the wolf. This is also a common mistake and misinterpretation today. Countless times I have heard children, and adults refer to my Alaskan Village dogs as wolves. In fact, Eskimo dogs, huskies and other sled dogs may have fur and vocalizations that resemble their wolf ancestors, but that is about it. Dogs have a shorter stockier build, wider chests and shorter faces and muzzles, with short steep \"stops\" or angle from forehead to the bridge of the nose. In all, many dogs filled rolls within Indian cultures."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fun facts about the Cheetah - Cheetah Facts and ... Fun facts about the Cheetah - Cheetah Facts and Information - The Jungle Store [PAR] See more Animal Facts [PAR] Cheetah [PAR] The Cheetah , sometimes mistaken for a leopard, is a leaner animal with longer legs. It has \u201ctear drop\u201d black markings below its eyes. A cheetah has 4 to 6 rings near the end of its tail, which ends in a white tuft. Adults weigh 80 to 140 pounds. Body length averages 4 feet and the tail is a few inches over half that or more. [PAR] Cheetahs dwell in grasslands, areas of dense vegetation, open plains, and mountainous terrain in Africa and Iran. They live alone or in small groups. Cheetahs are endangered due to inbreeding and to loss of habitat. [PAR] Females live alone, except when they have cubs. They usually bear 3 to 5 cubs, weighing between 9 to 15 ounces when born. Mother cheetahs move their cubs to new hiding places every few days. Cubs have a mantle, a think yellow-gray coat, which grows along their backs. It\u2019s thought that this helps conceal them from predators. Cheetah males, often brothers, form a coalition that live and hunt together for life. [PAR] Cheetahs prey on rabbits, guinea fowl, francolins, springhares, gazelles, wildebeest calves, impalas, ostrich, and antelope. Hiding in tall grasses, they stalk prey, then suddenly race out to attack. When prey runs, the cheetah trips it with a front paw, and bites the throat of the animal as it falls. The cheetah holds on until the animal suffocates. Cheetahs eat quickly before they are driven off by lions, leopards or hyenas. [PAR] Fun Cheetah Facts [PAR] - The cheetah is the fastest animal on land and can reach speeds up to 70 miles per hour, yet can run only 400 to 600 yards before it is exhausted. [PAR] - Cheetahs have a high cub mortality rate, up to 90% in the wild, since until cubs can follow their mother at about 6 weeks, she has to leave them alone to hunt. It is also difficult to breed cheetahs in captivity. [PAR] - Cheetahs are diurnal. [PAR] - The name cheetah comes from a Hindi word meaning \u201cspotted one\u201d or from the Sanskrit word \u201cchitraka.\u201d [PAR] - They are the only big cat that purrs! They do not roar. [PAR] - The rare King cheetah has stripes on its back. [PAR] References"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Kiwi Bird, NZ | Active Adventures The Kiwi Bird, NZ | Active Adventures [PAR] Kiwi [PAR] Kiwis - the National Bird of New Zealand [PAR] Ever wondered why people from New Zealand are sometimes called Kiwis? Have you ever seen a Kiwi, are you perhaps unsure of what a Kiwi even is? Is it a fruit? Is it a bird? Many visitors to New Zealand are unsure of the answers to these questions. [PAR] Hopefully this section of the Active New Zealand website will enlighten you a litte and maybe answer some of hose questions. [PAR] The Kiwi Bird [PAR] The most ancient of New Zealand\u2019s birds, the kiwi evolved 70 million years ago from a flightless ancestor from the great southern continent of Gondwana. It\u2019s a member of the ratite group, and related to the ostrich, emu and rhea as well as the now extinct New Zealand moa.This bird, even if it is not very often seen, is well known. It has given its name to New Zealanders, who are called \"Kiwis\" the world over. Yet all this time the bird has been a relatively secretive, nocturnal species seldom seen in the wild state. [PAR] Kiwis are relatively long - lived birds. Branding studies have not been going long enough to give a good indication of life expectancy, but 20 - 30 years is probable. Several brown and little spotted kiwis have lived in captivity for 20 years or more and one North Island brown is approaching 40. [PAR] There are two species of Kiwis in New Zealand. Brown Kiwis are found in forested areas in the North Island, Fiordland, South Westland and Stewart Island. Spotted Kiwis are found on offshore islands and forests in the North of the South Island. There are six varieties of the kiwi; the Great Spotted, the Little Spotted, the North Island Brown, the Okarito Brown, the Stewart Island Brown and the The Haast Brown. [PAR] The Maori hunted the birds at night with the aid of dogs and torches. The skins and feathers were made up in to cloaks which were highly prized. The Maori believed that the kiwi was under special protection of the god Tane, and they called it Te manu a Tane - the bird that Tane hid. Its voice is shrill and from the call comes its Maori name kiwi. The male utters a repeated prolonged whistling call. The female call is shorter and hoarser. During feeding they emit snuffling sounds. [PAR] The bird is nocturnal, tail-less and flightless. They are the only known bird to have external nostrils at the base of their long beaks and their sense of smell is very finely tuned. It locates the insects, grubs and spiders it eats by sniffing among the leaves, moss and rotting wood on the forest floor leaving characteristic bore marks. They tap the ground with their beaks and scrape away forest litter with their feet searching for food by pushing their beak about 15 cm into the ground and probing for insects, worms and snails. They also eat the berries from some native trees. Sometimes they make a snuffling sound, as they expel air through their nostrils while they feed. [PAR] Kiwi are burrowers and often move to a new burrow each day. The little spotted kiwi and the brown kiwi tend to use simple one-entrance burrows, but the great spotted kiwi puts time and effort into constructing a labyrinth of tunnels. Kiwi live in pairs, as couples, all their lives. Male kiwi fight vigorously for a mate and the female occasionally kicks her smaller"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sphinx | Define Sphinx at Dictionary.com Sphinx | Define Sphinx at Dictionary.com [PAR] sphinx [PAR] [sfin-jeez] /\u02c8sf\u026an d\u0292iz/ (Show IPA) [PAR] 1. [PAR] a figure of an imaginary creature having the head of a man or an animal and the body of a lion. [PAR] (usually initial capital letter) the colossal recumbent stone figure of this kind near the pyramids of Giza. [PAR] 2. [PAR] (initial capital letter) Classical Mythology. a monster, usually represented as having the head and breast of a woman, the body of a lion, and the wings of an eagle. Seated on a rock outside of Thebes, she proposed a riddle to travelers, killing them when they answered incorrectly, as all did before Oedipus. When he answered her riddle correctly the Sphinx killed herself. [PAR] 3. [PAR] a mysterious, inscrutable person or thing, especially one given to enigmatic questions or answers. [PAR] Origin of sphinx [PAR] Greek [PAR] 1375-1425 [PAR] 1375-1425; late Middle English < Latin < Greek sph\u00ednx, equivalent to sphing-, base of sph\u00edngein to hold tight (cf. sphincter ) + -s nominative singular ending [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for sphinx [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] Next out was Madeline, a one-and-a-half year old sphinx in a frilly pink ballerina outfit. [PAR] Kitty CATure Fashion Show, An Amazing Dog and Cat Fashion Show, Happened In New York This Weekend Lori-Lee Emshey September 29, 2013 [PAR] The first cat on the catwalk (sorry, we had to) was Vengeance, a 12-week-old sphinx in an argyle sweater. [PAR] The 1964 Miss. Freedom Summer Protests Won Progress At a Bloody Price Nicolaus Mills June 20, 2014 [PAR] sphinx cats (think Mr. Bigglesworth) are apparently more likely to tolerate clothing, as they are naturally fur-less. [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] Upon the significance of the sphinx and its different varieties, see Wilkinson, Manners and Customs, etc. vol. [PAR] The Rhodesian Gertrude Page [PAR] The remains of this road, formed of massive stone blocks, may now be seen near the sphinx. [PAR] The Conspirators Alexandre Dumas (Pere) [PAR] What is there, when one thinks,So wonderful about the sphinx? [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for sphinx [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun (pl) sphinxes, sphinges (\u02c8sf\u026and\u0292i\u02d0z) [PAR] 1. [PAR] any of a number of huge stone statues built by the ancient Egyptians, having the body of a lion and the head of a man [PAR] 2. [PAR] noun the Sphinx [PAR] 1. [PAR] (Greek myth) a monster with a woman's head and a lion's body. She lay outside Thebes, asking travellers a riddle and killing them when they failed to answer it. Oedipus answered the riddle and the Sphinx then killed herself [PAR] 2. [PAR] the huge statue of a sphinx near the pyramids at El G\u00eeza in Egypt, of which the head is a carved portrait of the fourth-dynasty Pharaoh, Chephr\u0113n [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C16: via Latin from Greek, apparently from sphingein to hold fast [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for sphinx [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] early 15c., \"monster of Greek mythology,\" from Latin Sphinx, from Greek Sphinx, literally\" the strangler,\" a back-formation from sphingein \"to squeeze, bind\" (see sphincter ). [PAR] Monster, having a lion's (winged) body and a woman's head, that waylaid travelers around Thebes and devoured those who could not answer its questions; Oedipus solved the riddle and the Sphinx killed herself. The proper plural would be sphinges. Transferred sense"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ladybirds - bugsandweeds.co. uk Ladybirds [PAR] Newly emerged adults released onto Silver Birch from whence the pupae came. [PAR] . [PAR] 2 spot, Kidney-spot ladybird [PAR] Chilocorus renipustulatus [PAR] At 5mm in length, I had originally assumed this to be the black form of the 2-spot ladybird but, expert opinion has pointed out that it is more representative of the Kidney-spot ladybird. [PAR] The distinctive features being that whereas the 2-spot is quite ovoid in shape, this one is more circular (a characteristic of the chilocorine group of ladybirds), and that the red spots are placed rather farther forward on the elytra than the 2-spot's centrally placed spots. [PAR] While the spots on this specimen do not appear particularly 'kidney shaped', they are 'within the normal variation' for the species. [PAR] Date [PAR] One found on Leylandii foliage brought down by wind. [PAR] 4 spot, Pine ladybird [PAR] Exochomus 4-pustulatus [PAR] The Pine ladybird is another small species, just a little over 4mm in overall length. So its dull red spots are not too easy to see against its black elytra. But the unique identifier for this species is the 'comma-like' shape of the two front spots. [PAR] Although called the Pine ladybird (because it was initially identified preying on scale insects on pine trees) it is now recognised to prey on scale insects found on other trees as well. So it is just as likely to be found on Ash, Horse Chestnut, Sycamore and Lime trees. [PAR] Date [PAR] Found on garage wall underneath Horse Chestnut tree. [PAR] . [PAR] Coccinella septempunctata [PAR] Not quite the largest of the ladybirds at 8mm, but probably the best known. [PAR] It is universally known as the gardener's friend on account of the prodigious number of aphids it consumes, both in larval and adult form. [PAR] The female can lay up to 200 eggs. From birth the larvae predate on aphids and in their three week larval state will account for hundreds - and grow to some 13mm, much larger than the adult. [PAR] The adults hibernate over winter and become active from April onwards, depending on weather conditions. The resident UK population is also supplemented by migrants from the continent. [PAR] Date [PAR] A few early larva found. [PAR] . [PAR] 7 spot, Adonis ladybird [PAR] Hippodamia variegata [PAR] The more one becomes aware of ladybirds, the more one realises that nothing should be taken for granted. As this one scuttled down the long grass stem, I assumed that it was a 2 Spot. Then I caught sight of another spot and, on close inspection, found that there were seven spots - all on a 5mm ladybird only about half the size of a 'normal' 7 Spot species. [PAR] The other thing of note was that whereas the 'normal' 7 Spotter has an almost circular body shape, this one was rather 'shield' shaped with 6 spots displaced towards the rear. [PAR] But, before I could congratulate myself that I had identified another species, I discovered the significance of the 'variegata' tag in the scientific name. It seems that the 7 Spot Adonis can sport variants with between three and fifteen spots, which may merge or be discrete! [PAR] It is not widely distributed and is classified as 'localised' rather than 'common'. Like most ladybirds, it predates on aphids - but only on certain species of aphid. If it has to follow transient aphid populations this could well account for its localised habitats. [PAR] Date [PAR] On Dog Rose growing in hawthorn hedge. [PAR] . [PAR] 10 Spot Ladybird [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chihuahua - Mexico - HISTORY.com Chihuahua - Mexico - HISTORY.com [PAR] Chihuahua [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The largest state in Mexico, Chihuahua is headquarters for the world\u2019s fifth largest oil company, Pertr\u00f3leos Mexicanos. It is also where one of the smallest canine breeds, the Chihuahua, originated. After railroad travel to the Copper Canyon area was upgraded following privatization of the railroad in 1998, tourism became an important and growing segment of the economy. Attractions include the beautiful Copper Canyon region and Pancho Villa\u2019s mansion. [PAR] History [PAR] Early History [PAR] When the Spanish first arrived in Chihuahua, more than 200 indigenous groups, including Native Americans, already inhabited the area. Although little of this period\u2019s history is recorded, archeologists have found evidence of inhabitants dating as far back as 3,000 years. Some of these tribes include the Tarahumara (Raramuri), Apache, Comanche and Guaroj\u00edo. For several thousand years, indigenous groups living in Chihuahua maintained trading relations with groups in other areas. Perhaps the most notable inhabitants were the Tarahumara (Raramuri), a people whose rich spiritual ideology, passive resistance and strong cultural identity enabled them to persevere despite foreign intrusions. Other tribes, like the warlike Apache, were overwhelmed and eventually assimilated after the arrival of the Spaniards. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] During the Mexican Revolution,Chihuahua was a central battleground. Peasant revolutionary leader Francisco \"Pancho\" Villa fought throughout Chihuahua, demanding that the peasants be apportioned land and be recognized as legitimate participants in Mexican politics. Villa\u2019s famous Northern Division was first assembled in Chihuahua. [PAR] Middle History [PAR] \u00c1lvar N\u00fa\u00f1ez Cabeza de Vaca was the first Spaniard to visit the area. His expedition spanned the territory between Florida in the United States and the Mexican state of Sinaloa . [PAR] As early as 1567, silver mines were established in Santa Barbara, a region occupied by the Conchos Indians. Many Spaniards poured into the region, forcing the indigenous population to work the mines. [PAR] Throughout the 16th century, the first Spanish settlements were established around haciendas (country estates) and mining operations. Some Franciscan missions and Carapoa villages were also founded in the mid-1500s. Although the military garrisons at El Paso and Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez were both built in 1598, the Spanish colonizers exerted fairly loose control over the region during most of the 16th century. [PAR] With the mining industry growing steadily into the 17th century, Chihuahua was named the capital of the province of Nueva Vizcaya. From 1640 to 1731, the area experienced increased economic activity and, concomitantly, frequent indigenous uprisings. Tensions developed between the miners and the hacienda owners who continued to force indigenous groups into slavery. [PAR] Recent History [PAR] In the Mexican War of Independence, Chihuahua hacienda owners and miners sided with the royalist forces against the independence movement. However, Mexico\u2019s independence in 1821 forced leaders in Chihuahua to join the new country. The 1821 Plan of Iguala established the framework that consolidated the new republic; later, the region of Durango separated from Chihuahua and became an autonomous province. Chihuahua officially became a Mexican state in 1824; the state constitution was ratified the following year. [PAR] In 1830, an ethnic war broke out in Chihuahua that nearly exterminated the indigenous Apache and Comanche tribes. [PAR] During the Mexican Revolution , which began in 1910, Chihuahua was again a central battleground. Peasant revolutionary leader Francisco \u201cPancho\u201d Villa fought throughout Chihuahua, demanding that the peasants be apportioned land and be recognized as legitimate participants in Mexican politics. Villa\u2019s famous Northern Division was first assembled in Chihuahua. [PAR] Following the revolution, Chihuahua remained a hub of Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chinese Zodiac, 12 Chinese Zodiac Animals, Find Your ... The Chinese Zodiac, 12 Zodiac Animals, Find Your Zodiac Sign [PAR] The Chinese animal zodiac, or shengxiao (/shnng-sshyaoww/ \u2018born resembling\u2019), is a repeating cycle of 12 years, with each year being represented by an animal and its reputed attributes. Traditionally these zodiac animals were used to date the years. [PAR] The 12 Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [PAR] In order, the 12 animals are: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig. [PAR] What Your Chinese Zodiac Animal Sign Is [PAR] Your Chinese Zodiac sign is derived from your birth year, according to the Chinese lunar calendar. See the years of each animal below or use the calculator on the right to determine your own sign. [PAR] Rat: 2008, 1996, 1984, 1972, 1960 [PAR] Ox: 2009, 1997, 1985, 1973, 1961 [PAR] Tiger: 2010, 1998, 1986, 1974, 1962 [PAR] Rabbit: 2011, 1999, 1987, 1975, 1963 [PAR] Dragon: 2012, 2000, 1988, 1976, 1964 [PAR] Snake: 2013, 2001, 1989, 1977, 1965 [PAR] Horse: 2014, 2002, 1990, 1978, 1966 [PAR] Goat: 2015, 2003, 1991, 1979, 1967 [PAR] Monkey: 2016, 2004, 1992, 1980, 1968 [PAR] Rooster: 2017 , 2005, 1993, 1981, 1969 [PAR] Dog: 2018, 2006, 1994, 1982, 1970 [PAR] Pig: 2019, 2007, 1995, 1983, 1971 [PAR] Find Your Chinese Zodiac Sign [PAR] Choose your date of birth and find out about your Chinese zodiac sign. [PAR] You are a: [PAR] Love: [PAR] Health: [PAR] Those born in January and February take care: Chinese (Lunar) New Year moves between 21 January and February 20. If you were born in January or February, check whether your birth date falls before or after Chinese New Year to know what your Chinese zodiac year is. [PAR] Chinese Zodiac Love Compatibility \u2014 Is He/She Right for You? [PAR] People born in a certain animal year are believed to have attributes of that animal, which could either help or hinder a relationship. [PAR] An important use of Chinese Zodiac is to determine if two people are compatible, in a romantic relationship or any kind of relationship. In ancient times people were faithful to Chinese Zodiac compatibility and often referred to it before a romantic relationship began. Even nowadays some people still refer to it. [PAR] Take our online test on the right and find how suitable you and your partner are. See our Chinese Zodiac Love Compatibility Charts [PAR] Chinese Zodiac Love Compatibility Test Is she/he compatible with you? Take the test and see... [PAR] Boy's Name: [PAR] Date of Birth: [PAR] It\u2019s BAD LUCK When Your Zodiac Year Comes Around! [PAR] As the Chinese zodiac recurs every 12 years, your animal year will come around when you are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, etc. [PAR] According to ancient Chinese superstition, in your birth sign year, he will offend the God of Age, and will have bad luck during that year. The best way to avoid bad luck during this year is by wearing something red given by an elder (relative), such as socks, a neck cord, underwear, a waistband, a bracelet, or an anklet. [PAR] Read more on How to be Lucky in Your Zodiac Year . [PAR] Chinese Zodiac Years Have Two Different Starts! [PAR] There are two dates a Chinese zodiac year could be said to start on, and neither is January 1! China traditionally uses two calendars: the solar calendar and the lunar calendar. [PAR] The traditional solar calendar has 24 fifteen-day solar terms, and the first, called \u2018Start of Spring\u2019, falls on February 4 (or 5). [PAR] The lunar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA World Cup countdown: Top 10 English footballers of ... FIFA World Cup countdown: Top 10 English footballers of all time - Sports Mole [PAR] Football [PAR] FIFA World Cup countdown: Top 10 English footballers of all time [PAR] As part of the countdown to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, Sports Mole looks at the top 10 players in the history of English football. [PAR] By Liam Apicella , Features Editor [PAR] Filed: Monday, May 5, 2014 at 12:10 UK [PAR] Last Updated: Saturday, May 17, 2014 at 21:32 UK [PAR] Try as they might, England have not been able to match their success of 1966, when they lifted the World Cup at the expense of rivals West Germany in front of a buoyant home crowd. [PAR] They came close at Italia 90 and Euro 96, but on both occasions the Germans exacted revenge at the semi-final stage by prospering from penalty shootouts. [PAR] This summer, strangely, Roy Hodgson will take his squad to Brazil with very little pressure on their shoulders from either the supporters or media - many of whom believe that simply progressing beyond the group phase would be a success. [PAR] Here, to continue our countdown to the World Cup, Sports Mole looks at the top 10 players in the history of England. [PAR] 10. David Beckham (1996-2009, 115 caps, 17 goals) [PAR] \u00a9 Getty Images [PAR] While there are more technically gifted players than Beckham that have been omitted from this selection, few have given as much to the Three Lions as the 39-year-old did. Having made his debut in September 1996, Beckham's international career had its fair share of highs and lows. [PAR] He made himself public enemy number one by getting sent off during the defeat on penalties to Argentina at the 1998 World Cup, but he atoned for that by scoring a stoppage-time goal against Greece that saw England qualify for the 2002 World Cup in dramatic fashion. During that tournament, he then laid the Argentina ghost to rest by scoring from the penalty spot in a 1-0 win during the group stages. [PAR] The 39-year-old made the last of his 115 appearances in an England shirt in 2009, while he retired from club football last year. Among his honours are league titles from England, Spain, the USA and France, as well as a Champions League medal from Manchester United's success in 1999. [PAR] 9. Gary Lineker (1984-1992, 80 caps, 48 goals) [PAR] \u00a9 Getty Images [PAR] England has arguably not produced a more natural converter of chances than Lineker, who retired from international football in 1992 just one goal shy of Sir Bobby Charlton 's England record. [PAR] The now-Match of the Day presenter had a habit of finding the net at the World Cup, so much so that he was the tournament's leading goalscorer in 1986 with six goals and is still the only Englishman to have won the Golden Boot. He followed that up by scoring four more times in 1990, taking his overall total in World Cups to 10 - a tally only six players can beat. [PAR] He was equally prolific at club level, scoring goals on a regular basis for Leicester City, Everton, Barcelona, Tottenham Hotspur and Nagoya Grampus Eight. [PAR] 8. Bryan Robson (1980-1991, 90 caps, 26 goals) [PAR] \u00a9 Getty Images [PAR] There are those who believe that England could have gone even further in 1986 and 1990 had Robson not suffered tournament-ending injuries, such was the impact that the midfielder had on the team. [PAR] Nicknamed 'Captain Marvel', Robson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In soccer, how many meters is the penalty spot from the ... In soccer, how many meters is the penalty spot from the goal line? | Reference.com [PAR] In soccer, how many meters is the penalty spot from the goal line? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] According to the official FIFA rules, the penalty spot in soccer is 11 meters or 12 yards away from the goal line. This fact is included in Law 1 of FIFA's 17 Laws of the Game. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Law 1, according to FIFA, lists the regulations concerning the field of play in soccer, including the penalty area and the penalty spot or mark. FIFA notes that the distance between the penalty spot and the goal line is measured from the midpoint between the two goalposts. The penalty area in soccer ends at around 16.5 meters or 18 yards into the field of play.[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Football | Laws & Equipment | Pitch dimensions BBC SPORT | Football | Laws & Equipment | Pitch dimensions [PAR] Laws & Equipment [PAR] Find out the size details of a football pitch. [PAR] Did you know that not all pitches are the same size? [PAR] The length of a pitch must be between 100 yards (90m) and 130 yards (120m) and the width not less than 50 yards (45m) and not more than 100 yards (90m). [PAR] And what about where most of the action happens - the penalty box? [PAR] It is also known as the 18-yard-box, with the smaller area - marked out inside it - called the six-yard-box. [PAR] This is where some of the world's best strikers earn their living. [PAR] And for all you penalty takers - or savers - out there, the most famous spot in football sits 12 yards (11m) from goal. [PAR] Last, but not least, that wooden thing at each end of the pitch they call the goal. [PAR] Think you know how big it is? It's eight feet high (2.44m) and eight yards wide (7.32m)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First World Cup - Jul 13, 1930 - HISTORY.com First World Cup - Jul 13, 1930 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First World Cup [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On July 13, 1930, France defeats Mexico 4-1 and the United States defeats Belgium 3-0 in the first-ever World Cup football matches, played simultaneously in host city Montevideo, Uruguay. The World Cup has since become the world\u2019s most watched sporting event. [PAR] After football (soccer, to Americans) was dropped from the program for the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, FIFA President Jules Rimet helped to organize an international tournament in 1930. Much to the dismay of European footballers, Uruguay, winner of back-to-back gold medals at the 1924 Paris Olympics and 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, was chosen to host the inaugural World Cup. [PAR] Due to depression in Europe, many European players, afraid their day jobs would not exist when they returned, were either unable or unwilling to attend the tournament. As a result, some of the most accomplished European teams, including three-time Olympic gold medalist England and football enthusiasts Italy, Spain, Germany and Holland did not make an appearance at the first World Cup. However, when Uruguay agreed to help pay traveling expenses, Rimet was able to convince Belgium, France, Romania and Yugoslavia to make the trip. In Romania, King Carol selected the team members himself, gave them a three-month vacation from their jobs and guaranteed the players would be employed when they returned. [PAR] Going into the tournament, Uruguay and Argentina were the overwhelming favorites, while France and the United States also fielded competitive sides. In the first round, France\u2019s Lucien Laurent scored the first-ever World Cup goal. In its second game, France lost to Argentina 1-0 amid controversy over the referees ending the game six minutes early. Once the problem was discovered, the referees had to bring the Argentine players back onto the field to play the final minutes. After beating Belgium, the United States beat Paraguay to set up a semi-final match with Argentina, which they lost 6-1. Still, the semi-final placement was the best U.S. World Cup finish to date. [PAR] In the first World Cup final, held on July 30, 1930, 93,000 spectators looked on as Uruguay defeated Argentina 4\u20132 in a rematch of the 1928 Olympic gold medal game. Uruguay went on to win its second World Cup in 1950 with a 2-1 win over Brazil in Rio de Janeiro. [PAR] More on This Topic[DOC] [TLE] History of FIFA - The first FIFA World Cup\u2122 - FIFA.com History of FIFA - The first FIFA World Cup\u2122 - FIFA.com [PAR] History of FIFA - The first FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] \u00a9 FIFA.com [PAR] The success of the Olympic Football Tournament intensified FlFA's wish for its own world championship. Questionnaires were sent to the affiliated associations, asking whether they agreed to the organisation of a tournament and under what conditions. A special committee examined the question, with President Jules Rimet the driving force. He was aided by the untiring Secretary of the French Football Federation, Henri Delaunay. [PAR] Following a remarkable proposal by the Executive Committee, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam on 28 May 1928 decided to stage a world championship organised by FIFA. Now, the organising country had to be chosen. Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden submitted their candidatures. Right from the start, Uruguay was the favourite and not simply for its Olympic gold medal wins in 1924 and 1928 - the country was celebrating its 100th anniversary of independence in 1930 at great expense. [PAR] Moreover, its national association was willing to cover"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Maradona and Pel\u00e9 are Wrong About Messi Why Maradona and Pel\u00e9 are Wrong About Messi [PAR] Why Maradona and Pel\u00e9 are Wrong About Messi [PAR] Email [PAR] During an appearance at a Euro 2016 event, Diego Maradona talked with Brazilian soccer legend Pel\u00e9. When Pel\u00e9 asked Maradona if he knew Lionel Messi -widely considered the best soccer player in the world- Maradona\u2019s response was nothing short of shocking, \u201cHe\u2019s a really good person but he has no personality. He lacks the character to be a leader,\u201d said Maradona about Messi. [PAR] Pel\u00e9 then continued, \u201cAh, I get it, he\u2019s not like we were back in the days. In the \u201870s, we [Brazil] had really good players like Rivellino, Gerson, Tostao.\u201d Pel\u00e9, who together with Maradona and Messi constitute soccer\u2019s Holy Trinity of the best three players in the history of the game, thus offered a candid assessment of the fact that most of the time he played he also had other excellent players in his team. This hasn\u2019t always been the case for both Maradona and Messi. [PAR] However, both Maradona and Pel\u00e9 are wrong in their assessment of Messi. Anybody who says that Messi has no personality hasn\u2019t seen the last game in which he participated, Argentina vs. Panam\u00e1, when Messi did a stupendous hat trick that showed, as if it were necessary, why he is the best player in the world today. And with a personality of its own: that of a humble, perfectionist player adored by fans from all over the world. [PAR] I cannot help but think that both Pel\u00e9 and Maradona comments about Messi are the result of sour grapes. After all, until Messi started playing, they were considered the two best players in the world, a place they now had to share with Messi. And while Messi isn\u2019t annoyed by the comparison with Maradona and Pel\u00e9, both of these players seem resentful of Messi. [PAR] The recent game between Argentina and Panama was vintage Messi. At the game in Chicago, 53,885 fans were there to watch Messi, many among them wearing Argentina\u2019s famed striped jersey with the same name and number 10 in the back: Messi, 10. No explanation was needed. [PAR] There was an air of expectation in the crowd, particularly because of a lower back injury during a friendly game between Argentina and against Honduras, there was no certainty that Messi would be able to play. However, to everybody\u2019s surprise and under a deafening roar from the crowd Messi came to play, exactly 61 minutes from the beginning of the game, and he didn\u2019t disappoint. Every time he touched the ball the crowd cheered. [PAR] He scored an easy goal in the 68th minute, followed by another goal from a free kick from the right side in the 78th minute to end with a hat trick in the 87th minute. By any measure, his free kick goal was as if he had a measuring tape in his eyes. The ball went up and descended with jewelers\u2019 precision in the right top part of the net, Panama\u2019s goalie all but defeated. Two minutes later, Argentina\u2019s Sergio Aguero scored the last goal of the game for Argentina. [PAR] What made this game unusual is that after each of Messi\u2019s goals even the Panamanian fans cheered him. As Argentina\u2019s coach said, \u201cWhen Messi came in, things were taken care of.\u201d This was an opinion shared by Panama\u2019s coach Hern\u00e1n Dar\u00edo Gomez who, talking about Messi, said with a mixture of sorrow and admiration, \u201cHe\u2019s a monster.\u201d [PAR] Any comparison among the three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup [PAR] Manchester United have become the first English club to win the European Cup beating Portuguese side Benfica by four goals to one. [PAR] Ten years after the Munich air crash, which killed eight of Matt Busby's young team, Manchester United have reached the pinnacle of European football. [PAR] Celtic became the first Scottish and British club to win the cup the previous year. [PAR] United's star player, George Best, was named European Footballer of the Year - just a fortnight after being named the football writers' Footballer of the Year. [PAR] Massive crowd [PAR] Tonight's match at Wembley was watched by a crowd of 100,000 and an estimated 250 million TV viewers. It was the biggest television audience since the World Cup final two years before. [PAR] As both teams wear red kit, United opted to play in their blue away strip for the game. [PAR] The first half passed in a flurry of fouls before Bobby Charlton headed the opening goal in the second half to make it 1-0. [PAR] With only 10 minutes left to go, Benfica scored the equaliser - and very nearly won the match when their feared striker Eusebio broke away from Nobby Stiles, the player tasked with marking him, and blasted the ball towards the net. [PAR] But it was saved by keeper Alex Stepney and the game went into extra time. [PAR] Winning goal [PAR] Two minutes into extra time Best put United ahead again, slipping round the keeper and gently tapping it over the line. [PAR] It was followed by two more United goals, from 19-year-old Brian Kidd and captain Bobby Charlton, taking the final score to 4-1. [PAR] Manager Matt Busby said: \"They've done us proud. They came back with all their hearts to show everyone what Manchester United are made of. This is the most wonderful thing that has happened in my life and I am the proudest man in England tonight.\" [PAR] Busby was seriously injured in the crash which claimed the lives of his so-called Busby Babes and there was speculation at the time that the club had been so badly damaged it would have to fold. [PAR] But they struggled on to complete the 1958/59 season and when Busby returned to the manager's role the following season he began the task of rebuilding the side. [PAR] The club won the league in 1965 and 1967, but today's win marks the pinnacle of the club's achievements. [PAR] Charlton and Bill Foulkes were the only survivors of the crash who played in today's final."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Official Website of the Hornets - Watford FC latest news ... Official Website of the Hornets | Watford Football Club [PAR] 09:00 AM - 20 Jan 2017 [PAR] \u26bd\ufe0f\ud83c\udf89 It's Friday & #watfordfc are back in @premierleague action tomorrow when they travel to @afcbournemouth \ud83c\udf52\u2026 https://t.co/S3Cf2bv8kd [PAR] 09:00 AM - 20 Jan 2017 [PAR] 01:08 AM - 20 Jan 2017 [PAR] Mauro Z\u00e1rate cerca de llegar al #WatfordFC \ud83d\udc1d. #Fichajes https://t.co/j2XmAk2Fy6 [PAR] 01:08 AM - 20 Jan 2017 [PAR] Watford FC Blog @WatfordFCBlog [PAR] 19:50 PM - 19 Jan 2017 [PAR] The Zarate deal seems to be getting closer. Heard some promising things about him, but will judge him when I see him play. #WatfordFC [PAR] 19:50 PM - 19 Jan 2017 [PAR] Watford FC Blog @WatfordFCBlog [PAR] 19:49 PM - 19 Jan 2017 [PAR] Hope Gomes is fit enough to play on Saturday. Not 100% sold on Pantilimon really if I'm being honest. #WatfordFC [PAR] 19:49 PM - 19 Jan 2017 [PAR] Watford Ladies FC @watfordladiesfc [PAR] 19:35 PM - 19 Jan 2017 [PAR] RT @donnybelles: NEWS: Our @WomensFACup tie with @Watfordladiesfc will be played at @RMFC1919 Full story \ud83d\udc49\ud83c\udffb\ud83d\udc49\ud83c\udffbhttps://t.co/EqTbohBziU http\u2026 [PAR] 19:35 PM - 19 Jan 2017"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Brief History of Every Official World Cup Ball Since 1930 A Brief History of Every Official World Cup Ball Since 1930 [PAR] A Brief History of Every Official World Cup Ball Since 1930 [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Every year, the World Cup is played with a new ball. That makes it unique\u2014after all, few other sports reinvent the wheel every four years. But this element of uncertainty is also exciting, and it means that soccer ball technology has come a long, long way since the 1930s\u2014when World Cup balls were still inflated through tie-up laces. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] After The New York Times published an awesome interactive on the history of soccer ball design this weekend, we decided to take a look at each ball in succession\u2014drawing from World Cup Balls , an incredible encyclopedic website that the NYT sourced from. There, Peter Pesti collects and describes how ball technology has evolved over the generations. [PAR] The difference between the leather bladders of the 1930s and the high-performance materials of today are pretty stunning. [PAR] 1930 World Cup in Uruguay [PAR] The very first World Cup used balls made in the country that was spreading the sport through the world: England. There were two types of laced balls used in the games, and the one you see below, the \"T-Model,\" got its name from the distinctive t-shaped panel on its sides. [PAR] Image: World Cup Balls . [PAR] The 1934 World Cup in Italy [PAR] By 1934, soccer was booming all over the world, and plenty of manufacturers in other countries were making balls, too. According to Pesti, the fevered nationalism of Mussolini-era Italy \"required\" that the balls used in their World Cup be made in Italy. Hence the Federale 102: a 13-panel lace-up ball made in Italy. [PAR] Image: World Cup Balls . [PAR] 1938 World Cup in France [PAR] French World Cup, French soccer ball: The Paris-manufactured Allen, a 13-panel ball with laces\u2014which were how these early balls were inflated, before the era of valves. It seems that other models were used in the matches, too, though there's no way to say how many. [PAR] Image: World Cup Balls . [PAR] 1950 World Cup in Brazil [PAR] In the 1930s, an Argentinean company called Tossolini had made a breakthrough: A ball with a hidden valve that could be pumped into shape, rather than manually blown up through laces. But it took two decades for FIFA to accept the new design, and it wasn't until the 1950 World Cup that it saw play. [PAR] Image: World Cup Balls . [PAR] 1954 World Cup in Switzerland [PAR] This Swiss-made ball was unique for its zig-zag edges, which were sewn together by hand, of course. The ball, like all official balls in those days, was completely free of printing and branding. [PAR] Image: World Cup Balls . [PAR] 1958 World Cup in Sweden [PAR] This was the first year that FIFA selected its ball based on a competition. The winner in the randomized trial of more than 100 balls was a Swedish company called Sydsvenska Laderoch Remfabriken, who supplied a ball called Top Star notable for its waterproof waxed surface. [PAR] Image: World Cup Balls . [PAR] 1962 World Cup in Chile [PAR] This ball was known as \"the Crack.\" It was unique in the sense that its surface was composed of 18 irregular polygonal shapes, which gave it a complicated look. Here's the iconic Pel\u00e9 kicking it around: [PAR] Image: World Cup Balls . [PAR] 1966 World Cup in England [PAR] This ball, made by a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 9780140139648: Macca Can! - AbeBooks - McMahon, Steve ... 9780140139648: Macca Can! - AbeBooks - McMahon, Steve; Harris, Harry: 0140139648 [PAR] McMahon, Steve; Harris, Harry [PAR] ISBN 10: 0140139648 ISBN 13: 9780140139648 [PAR] Publisher: Penguin Books Ltd, 1991 [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Steve McMahon's autobiography is an account of his football career and personal life. It offers an insider's view of the events on and off the field in England's 1990 World Cup campaign as well as a first hand account of life behind the scenes at Liverpool Football Club. [PAR] \"synopsis\" may belong to another edition of this title. [PAR] Other Popular Editions of the Same Title [PAR] Featured Edition [PAR] ISBN 10: 0720719909 ISBN 13: 9780720719901 [PAR] Publisher: Pelham Books, 1990 [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought: [PAR] Top Search Results from the AbeBooks Marketplace [PAR] Stock Image [PAR] Published by Penguin Books Ltd (1991) [PAR] ISBN 10: 0140139648 ISBN 13: 9780140139648 [PAR] Used Paperback Quantity Available: 1 [PAR] Seller [PAR] Rating [PAR] [?] [PAR] Book Description Penguin Books Ltd, 1991. Paperback. Book Condition: Very Good. Macca Can! This book is in very good condition and will be shipped within 24 hours of ordering. The cover may have some limited signs of wear but the pages are clean, intact and the spine remains undamaged. This book has clearly been well maintained and looked after thus far. Money back guarantee if you are not satisfied. See all our books here, order more than 1 book and get discounted shipping. . Bookseller Inventory # 7719-9780140139648"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Juventus Football Odds & Betting Tips Juventus Football Odds & Betting Tips [PAR] Home \u203a Football \u203a Juventus [PAR] Juventus [PAR] Formed in 1897 by a group of students, Juventus are the third oldest football club in Italy and the first professional club in the country's history. Based in Turin, Juventus have long been a symbol of Italian football, spending their entire history in Serie A, with the exception of the 2006/2007 season as financial irregularities resulted in them being demoted to Serie B. [PAR] After spending nearly 60 years playing at the Stadio Comunale Vittorio Pozzo, Juventus moved to the Stadio delle Alpi in 1990, spending the next 15 years at the stadium before moving again in 2005 to the Stadio Olimpico and then again in 2011 to the Juventus Stadium. The club have been owned by the Agnelli family since 1923, in what has been the longest ownership in Italian sports history, with Andrea Agnelli currently serving as Juventus's president. [PAR] Nicknamed La Vecchia Signora (The Old Lady), Juventus have long been integral to the Italian national team's success in terms of producing talent, playing a key role in Italy's World Cup triumphs of 1934, 1982 and 2006. [PAR] With 54 official titles on the national and international stage to their name, Juventus have won more titles than any other Italian club. With an unmatched record of 29 league, nine Coppa Italia, and six Super Coppa Italiana titles, Juventus have long been Italy's most successful side. [PAR] And it's not only domestically where Juventus have dominated. With two Intercontinental Cups, two European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions Leagues, one European Cup Winners' Cup, three UEFA Cups, one UEFA Intertoto Cup and two UEFA Super Cups, the club are European football's fourth most successful club and eighth in the world. [PAR] The club's most successful manager has been Giovanni Trapattoni, who led the club to six Serie A titles, two Italian Cups, one European Champions Clubs' Cup, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, two UEFA Cups, one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup during his two spells in charge of the club between 1976 and 1986 and then again from 1991 to 1995. The Italian coach is also the club's longest-serving manager with 13 seasons, ten of which were consecutive during his first stint as manager. [PAR] Former Juve captain Antonio Conte was named manager in 2011, leading the club to back-to-back Serie A and Supercoppa Italiana titles in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, and the former midfielder will be looking to continue building a new golden era for the club. [PAR] For all the latest Juventus Betting Tips place check out betting.betfair[DOC] [TLE] Champions League: Real Madrid stunned by Juventus - CNN.com Champions League: Real Madrid stunned by Juventus - CNN.com [PAR] 1 of 25 [PAR] Photos: Messi and Ronaldo: Goals, goals and more goals [PAR] Cristiano Ronaldo finished the season as La Liga's top goalscorer but it was Messi who had the last laugh, leading Barcelona to the Spanish league and cup double and a European Champions League triumph. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 25 [PAR] Photos: Messi and Ronaldo: Goals, goals and more goals [PAR] May 30, 2015 \u2013 Messi celebrates his stunning opening goal in the 3-1 Copa del Rey final victory over Athletic Bilbao. The Argentine grabbed a second later in the game. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 25 [PAR] Photos: Messi and Ronaldo: Goals, goals and more goals [PAR] May 23, 2015 \u2013 Ronaldo scores a first-half hat-trick in Real Madrid's 7-3 win against Getafe, meaning he wins the La Liga goal"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Graham McPherson Net Worth | Celebrity Net Worth Graham McPherson Net Worth | Celebrity Net Worth [PAR] Graham McPherson Net Worth [PAR] Graham McPherson net worth: [PAR] $10 Million [PAR] Graham McPherson net worth: Graham McPherson is an English singer, actor, television and radio personality who has a net worth of $10 million. Graham McPherson was born in Hastings, Sussex, England in January 1961. He is better known by the name Suggs. Graham McPherson is known for being the lead vocalist for the ska and pop band Madness. The band had 15 singles that reached the Top 10 charts in the United Kingdom including \"My Girl\", \"Baggy Trousers\", \"It Must Be Love\", \"Embarrassment\", \"House of Fun\", \"Out House\", \"Driving in My Car\", \"Wings of a Dove\", and \"Lovestruck\". Their debut studio album One Step Beyond\u2026 was released in 1979 and reached #2 in the UK. Their second album Absolutely was released in 1980 and also reached #2 in the UK. Madness has released a total of 10 studio albums. They won an Ivor Novello Award for Best Song for \"Our House\" and another for Outstanding Song Collection. In 2010 Madness was awarded the Idol Award at the Q Awards. In 1995 McPherson started a solo career and has released two studio albums. As an actor he has almost 50 acting credits to his name including the movies The Tall Guy and Don't Go Breaking My Heart. He has authored the books Suggs and the City: My Journeys Through Disappearing London and Suggs: That Close. [PAR] Graham McPherson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chris Isaak Wicked Game - YouTube Chris Isaak Wicked Game - YouTube [PAR] Chris Isaak Wicked Game [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 21, 2009 [PAR] \"Wicked Game\" [PAR] The world was on fire and no one could save me but you. [PAR] It's strange what desire will make foolish people do. [PAR] I never dreamed that I'd meet somebody like you. [PAR] And I never dreamed that I'd lose somebody like you. [PAR] No, I don't want to fall in love (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] No, I don't want to fall in love (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] With you (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] What a wicked game to play, to make me feel this way. [PAR] What a wicked thing to do, to let me dream of you. [PAR] What a wicked thing to say, you never felt this way. [PAR] What a wicked thing to do, to make me dream of you and, [PAR] I want to fall in love (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] No, I want to fall in love (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] With you. [PAR] The world was on fire and no one could save me but you. [PAR] It's strange what desire will make foolish people do. [PAR] I never dreamed that I'd love somebody like you. [PAR] And I never dreamed that I'd lose somebody like you, [PAR] No, I want to fall in love (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] No, I want to fall in love (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] With you (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] No, I... (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] (This world is only gonna break your heart) [PAR] Nobody loves no one."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Blondie Songs - TheTopTens Top Ten Blondie Songs - TheTopTens\u00ae [PAR] Top Ten Blondie Songs [PAR] The Top Ten [PAR] 1 Heart of Glass [PAR] This is the first time I agree with the position of a song! Heart of Glass is an epic tune. Whoever made it, was inspired! It really turns me on! [PAR] One of the first rock-dance crossover in pop music [PAR] The best song ever I know it may be thirty-seven years old but it's what I grew up listening 2! [PAR] Catchy and feel-good! [PAR] I LOVE the guitar and her voice in this song. Deserves number 1 [PAR] They are so great it make me glad to still dig stuff [PAR] Come on this song is dang powerful and those vocals! - Toucan [PAR] V 6 Comments [PAR] 3 Atomic [PAR] I agree thoroughly Blondie is amazing, she doesn't let me down ever her music is iconic as is she. Alias [PAR] I can't discribe the excitement that goes in my body when I hear this song. The rhythm, the groove and of course the melody. I am just going wild every time. Amazing creation. [PAR] I love this song because it is a classic and also is in Grand Theft Auto vice city! [PAR] Song gets better every time I hear it. It's my ringtone and I never answer until the intro ends [PAR] 4 One Way or Another [PAR] Love it not the best but the second best song ever great guitar and singing - mneilan [PAR] Picking the best BLONDIE song is like picking the best food out of your fridge - you like them all, and it changes depending on your mood. But \"One Way Or Another\" is the song I flick to in my ipod whenever I need that instant burst of energy - at the gym, in the car, or stalking my ex [PAR] One way or another is my favorite song of blondie. you see the song is all about a stalker of the singer it was she was telling the story of her boyfriend who is a nut job but for me it is the most popular song of blondie that is all thank you [PAR] All time #1 Blondie song [PAR] V 3 Comments [PAR] 6 Maria [PAR] Maria was what got me into Blondie in the first place, and I do not regret it! Within a month after hearing it, I bought, \"No Exit\", and I was hooked ever since! This song is perfect! [PAR] This is a very good song, and it is like a soundtrack; every instrument worked together and I think it turned out great! Actually, I can not believe why this song couldn't make it to the top ten! - esenaru0131kan [PAR] This should have certainly charted higher. One of their best in my opinion, it's full of life and energy with a good driving beat. [PAR] Best refrain ever made. Great energy and melody! [PAR] V 3 Comments [PAR] 7 The Tide Is High [PAR] A guy at my highschool played this song at a guitar concert laugh out loud, the song is really catchy and beautiful. [PAR] Great song! Makes me want to dance every time I hear it! [PAR] So catchy! Instantly makes you happy [PAR] It's a grate song [PAR] V 2 Comments [PAR] 8 Dreaming [PAR] Perfect Rock Song. The recording is awesome, but they played it live with the precision and drive of the recording. The lyrics evoke a lot of nostalgia and \"dreaming\" within the listener. Pure poetry!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WET WET WET - Love Is All Around - Live / Widescreen ... WET WET WET - Love Is All Around - Live / Widescreen / LyRiCs (english/deutsch) - YouTube [PAR] WET WET WET - Love Is All Around - Live / Widescreen / LyRiCs (english/deutsch) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 5, 2012 [PAR] Wet Wet Wet are a Scottish pop rock band that formed in the 1980s. They scored a number [PAR] of hits in the British charts and around the world. The band is composed of Marti Pellow [PAR] (vocals), Tommy Cunningham (drums, vocals), Graeme Clark (bass, vocals) and Neil Mitchell [PAR] (keyboards, vocals). A fifth, unofficial member, Graeme Duffin (lead guitar, vocals), has been [PAR] with them since 1983. [PAR] \"Love Is All Around\" is a song composed by Reg Presley and originally performed by Presley's [PAR] band, The Troggs, in D-major in 1967. Purportedly inspired by a television transmission of the [PAR] Joy Strings Salvation Army band's \"Love That's All Around\",the song was first released as a [PAR] single in the UK in October 1967. On the UK Singles Chart, the record debuted at No.50 on [PAR] 18 October 1967, peaked at No.5 on 22 November 1967, and spent 15 weeks on chart. On the [PAR] US Billboard Hot 100, the record entered at No.98 on 24 February 1968, peaking at No.7 [PAR] on 18 May 1968, and spending a total of 16 weeks on the chart. This version features a string [PAR] quartet and a 'tick tock' sound on percussion. [PAR] \"Love is All Around\" has been covered by numerous artists, including R.E.M., with whom the Troggs subsequently recorded their 1992 comeback album Athens Andover. R.E.M.'s cover was a B-side on their 1991 \"Radio Song\" single, and they also played it during their first appearance at MTV's Unplugged series that same year. Wet Wet Wet's cover, for the soundtrack to the 1994 film Four Weddings and a Funeral, was an international hit and spent 15 weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart. [PAR] (remastered to widescreen) [PAR] I feel it in my fingers, [PAR] I feel it in my toes [PAR] Love is all around me [PAR] And so the feeling grows [PAR] It's written on the wind [PAR] It's everywhere I go [PAR] So if you really love me [PAR] Come on and let it show [PAR] You know I love you, I always will [PAR] My mind's made up by the way that I feel [PAR] There's no beginning, there'll be no end [PAR] 'cause on my love you can depend [PAR] I see your face before me [PAR] As I lay on my bed [PAR] I cannot get to thinking [PAR] Of all the things you said [PAR] You gave your promise to me, [PAR] And I gave mine to you [PAR] I need someone beside me [PAR] In everything I do [PAR] You know I love you, I always will [PAR] My mind's made up by the way that I feel [PAR] There's no beginning, there'll be no end [PAR] 'cause on my love you can depend [PAR] It's written in the wind oh [PAR] And everywhere I go [PAR] So if you really love me, [PAR] love me, love me [PAR] Come on and let"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stonk - definition of stonk by The Free Dictionary Stonk - definition of stonk by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Stonk - definition of stonk by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stonk [PAR] (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) to bombard (soldiers, buildings, etc) with artillery [PAR] n [PAR] (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) a concentrated bombardment by artillery [PAR] [C20: from st(andard) (linear) (c)onc(entration)] [PAR] stonk [PAR] I will have been stonking [PAR] you will have been stonking [PAR] he/she/it will have been stonking [PAR] we will have been stonking [PAR] you will have been stonking [PAR] they will have been stonking [PAR] Past Perfect Continuous [PAR] you would have stonked [PAR] they would have stonked [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] stonking [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Some unlikely singing partnerships have been formed, from Sir Cliff Richard and The Young Ones singing Livin' Doll to comedians Hale and Pace with The Stonk. [PAR] PUB QUIZ [PAR] But this week they released their debut album Stonk, 13 tracks of irresistible party-starting music that could get a sleeping statue jitterbugging, and it should find them fans further afield. [PAR] Shiftgrams revisited [PAR] FINANCE TOTAL RETURN REFLECTS STOCK APPRECIATION AND INCLUDES STONK SPLITS AND DIVIDENDS AS OF ([dagger]) AUG. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 29 August 1966: The Beatles' final concert in Candlestick ... 29 August 1966: The Beatles' final concert in Candlestick Park, San Francisco | The Beatles Bible [PAR] Ringo Starr [PAR] Anthology [PAR] The Park's capacity was 42,500, but only 25,000 tickets were sold, leaving large sections of unsold seats. Fans paid between $4.50 and $6.50 for tickets, and The Beatles' fee was around $90,000. The show's promoter was local company Tempo Productions. [PAR] The Beatles took 65% of the gross, the city of San Francisco took 15% of paid admissions and were given 50 free tickets. This arrangement, coupled with low ticket sales and other unexpected expenses resulted in a financial loss for Tempo Productions. [PAR] Candlestick Park was the home of the baseball team the San Francisco Giants. The stage was located just behind second base on the field, and was five feet high and surrounded by a six-foot high wire fence. [PAR] The comp\u00e8re was 'Emperor' Gene Nelson of KYA 1260 AM, and the support acts were, in order of appearance, The Remains, Bobby Hebb, The Cyrkle and The Ronettes. The show began at 8pm. [PAR] I was the MC, and, as any Giants fans will know, Candlestick Park in August, at night, was cold, foggy and windy. The funniest thing this night was one of the warm-up acts, Bobby Hebb. He stood up on the stage at Candlestick Park, with the fog, and the wind blowing, and he was singing 'Sunny'! It was tough anyway to work a ballpark as an MC, especially as The Beatles were taking their time to get out. I was trying to entertain a crowd that was shouting, 'Beatles, Beatles, Beatles.' [PAR] The dressing room was chaos. There were loads of people there. The press tried to get passes for their kids and the singer Joan Baez was in there. Any local celebrity, who was in town, was in the dressing room. They were having a party in there. They were having a perfectly wonderful time, while I was freezing my buns off on second base! [PAR] 'Emperor' Gene Nelson [PAR] The Beatles Off The Record, Keith Badman [PAR] The Beatles took to the stage at 9.27pm, and performed 11 songs: Rock And Roll Music , She's A Woman , If I Needed Someone , Day Tripper , Baby's In Black , I Feel Fine , Yesterday , I Wanna Be Your Man , Nowhere Man , Paperback Writer and Long Tall Sally . [PAR] The group knew it was to be their final concert. Recognising its significance, John Lennon and Paul McCartney took a camera onto the stage, with which they took pictures of the crowd, the rest of the group, and themselves at arm's length. [PAR] Before one of the last numbers, we actually set up this camera, I think it had a fisheye, a wide-angle lens. We set it up on the amplifier and Ringo came off the drums, and we stood with our backs to the audience and posed for a photograph, because we knew that was the last show. [PAR] George Harrison [PAR] The Beatles Off The Record, Keith Badman [PAR] As The Beatles made their way to Candlestick Park, Paul McCartney asked their press officer Tony Barrow to make a recording of the concert on audio cassette, using a hand-held recorder. The cassette lasted 30 minutes on each side, and, as Barrow didn't flip it during the show, the recording cut off during final song Long Tall Sally . [PAR] There was a sort of end of term spirit thing going on, and there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com [PAR] Most Weeks at Number 1 by a Record [PAR] 18 - by Frankie Laine's \"I Believe\". It topped the chart on three separate occasions (all in 1953). [PAR] Most Consecutive Weeks at Number 1 by a Record [PAR] 16 - by Bryan Adams' \"(Everything I Do) I Do It For You\" (1991). [PAR] Longest Time For A Track To Get To Number 1 [PAR] 33 Years, 3 Months, and 27 Days. Tony Christie \"(Is This The Way To) Amarillo\" first made the Top 40 on w/e 27th Nov 1971 when it peaked at no. 18. Its use by comedian Peter Kaye in various TV performances resulted in a re-release in aid of Comic Relief. That catapulted the track back into the chart - at no. 1 - on w/e 26th Mar 2005. [PAR] This broke a record set over 18 years previously by Jackie Wilson's \"Reet Petite (The Sweetest Girl In Town)\". It topped the chart in Dec 1986, 29 Years, 1 Month, and 11 Days after it first entered the chart. [PAR] The slowest climb to the top in a single spell inside the Top 40 is 13 weeks for Celine Dion's \"Think Twice\" (Nov 1994 to Feb 1995). [PAR] Title With Most Weeks At Number One [PAR] \"I Believe\" has spent 22 weeks at the top of the chart (18 weeks for Frankie Lane, in three separate visits throughout 1953) and 4 weeks for Robson & Jerome (1995). [PAR] Runner up is \"Unchained Melody\" which has spent 18 weeks at the summit by four different artists. [PAR] Topping The Chart By Different Artists [PAR] Only one track has topped the chart by four different artists. It is \"Unchained Melody\". Artists to take it to number one in the UK are: [PAR] Jimmy Young (1955), Righteous Brothers (as a re-issue in 1990), Robson & Jerome (1995) and Gareth Gates (2002). [PAR] Four tracks have topped the chart by three different artists. They are: [PAR] \"You'll Never Walk Alone.\" It topped the chart for: [PAR] Gerry & Pacemakers (1963), The Crowd (1985) and Robson & Jerome (1996 as a 'triple A-Side' with \"What Becomes Of The Broken Hearted\" and \"Saturday Night At The Movies\".) [PAR] \"Spirit In The Sky\" - Norman Greenbaum (1970) / Doctor & The Medics (1986) / Gareth Gates featuring The Kumars (2003) [PAR] \"With A Little Help From My Friends\" - Joe Cocker (1968) / Wet Wet Wet (1988) / Sam & Mark (2004) [PAR] \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" - Band Aid (1984) / Band Aid II (1989) / Band Aid 20 (2004) [PAR] Twenty-eight titles have hit the top performed by two different artists: [PAR] \"Answer Me\" - David Whitfield / Frankie Laine (both 1953) [PAR] \"Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White\" - Perez Prado / Eddie Calvert (both 1955) [PAR] \"Singing The Blues\" - Guy Mitchell / Tommy Steele (both 1957) [PAR] \"Young Love\" - Tab Hunter (1957) / Donny Osmond (1973) [PAR] \"Mary's Boy Child\" - Harry Belafonte (1957) / Boney M (as a medley with \"Oh My Lord\" (1978) [PAR] \"This Ole House\" Rosemary Clooney (1954) / Shakin' Stevens (1981) [PAR] \"Can't Help Falling In Love\" - Elvis Presley (1962) / UB40 (1993) [PAR] \"I Got You Babe\" - Sonny & Cher (1965) / UB40 with Chrissie Hynde (1985) [PAR] \"Living Doll\" - Cliff Richard & The Drifters (1959) / Cliff Richard & The Young Ones (1986) [PAR] \"Everything I Own\" - Ken Boothe (1974) / Boy George (1987) [PAR] \"Dizzy\" - Tommy Roe (1969) / Vic Reeves"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] La Cosa Nostra - Reliable Security Information La Cosa Nostra [PAR] \"TRUMP, THE DEALS AND THE DOWNFALL\" by WAYNE BARRETT [PAR] La Cosa Nostra [PAR] La Cosa Nostra, translated into English means \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthis thing of ours.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd It is a nationwide alliance of criminals \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd linked by blood ties or through conspiracy \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd dedicated to pursuing crime and protecting its members. La Cosa Nostra, or the LCN as it is known by the FBI, consists of different \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdfamilies\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd or groups that are generally arranged geographically and engaged in significant and organized racketeering activity. It is also known as the Mafia, a term also used to describe other organized crime groups. [PAR] The LCN is most active in the New York metropolitan area, parts of New Jersey, Philadelphia, Detroit, Chicago, and New England. It has members in other major cities and is involved in international crimes. [PAR] Over the years, FBI investigations have revealed how organized criminal groups have proliferated and impacted much of the world. Partnerships with foreign law enforcement agencies are essential to combat global organized crime groups. Among the partnerships the FBI is involved with is the Italian American Working Group, which meets every year. The group addresses organized crime, cyber crime, money laundering, international terrorism, illegal immigration, cooperating witnesses, drug smuggling, art theft, extradition matters, and cigarette smuggling. The US and Italy take turns hosting the meetings. [PAR] Since their appearance in the 1800s, the Italian criminal societies known as the Mafia have infiltrated the social and economic fabric of Italy and now impact the world. They are some of the most notorious and widespread of all criminal societies. There are several groups currently active in the U.S.: the Sicilian Mafia; the Camorra or Neapolitan Mafia; the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNdrangheta or Calabrian Mafia; and the Sacra Corona Unita or United Sacred Crown. The FBI estimated the four groups had approximately 25,000 members total, with 250,000 affiliates worldwide. There were more than 3,000 members and affiliates in the US, scattered mostly throughout the major cities in the Northeast, the Midwest, California, and the South. Their largest presence centers around New York, southern New Jersey, and Philadelphia. [PAR] Their criminal activities are international with members and affiliates in Canada, South America, Australia, and parts of Europe. They are also known to collaborate with other international organized crime groups from all over the world, especially in drug trafficking. [PAR] The major threats to American society posed by these groups are drug trafficking and money laundering. They have been involved in heroin trafficking for decades. Two major investigations that targeted Italian organized crime drug trafficking in the 1980s are known as the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFrench Connection\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdPizza Connection.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd These groups don\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt limit themselves to drug running, though. They\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre also involved in illegal gambling, political corruption, extortion, kidnapping, fraud, counterfeiting, infiltration of legitimate businesses, murders, bombings, and weapons trafficking. [PAR] History of La Cosa Nostra [PAR] Although La Cosa Nostra has its roots in Italian organized crime, it has been a separate organization for many years. Today, La Cosa Nostra cooperates in various criminal activities with different criminal groups that are headquartered in Italy. [PAR] Giuseppe Esposito was the first known Sicilian Mafia member to emigrate to the U.S. He and six other Sicilians fled to New York after murdering the chancellor and a vice chancellor of a Sicilian province and 11 wealthy landowners. He was arrested in New Orleans in 1881 and extradited to Italy. [PAR] New Orleans was also the site of the first major Mafia incident in this country. On October 15, 1890, New Orleans Police Superintendent David Hennessey was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vietnam War : U.S. Withdrawal - Infoplease Vietnam War: U.S. Withdrawal [PAR] Vietnam War [PAR] U.S. Withdrawal [PAR] Serious negotiations to end the war began after U.S. President Lyndon Johnson's decision not to seek reelection in 1968. Contacts between North Vietnam and the United States in Paris in 1968 were expanded in 1969 to include South Vietnam and the NLF. The United States, under the leadership of President Richard M. Nixon , altered its tactics to combine U.S. troop withdrawals with intensified bombing and the invasion of Communist sanctuaries in Cambodia (1970). [PAR] The length of the war, the high number of U.S. casualties, and the exposure of U.S. involvement in war crimes such as the massacre at My Lai (see My Lai incident ) helped to turn many in the United States against the war. Politically, the movement was led by Senators James William Fulbright , Robert F. Kennedy , Eugene J. McCarthy , and George S. McGovern ; there were also huge public demonstrations in Washington, D.C., as well as in many other cities in the United States and on college campuses. [PAR] Even as the war continued, peace talks in Paris progressed, with Henry Kissinger as U.S. negotiator. A break in negotiations followed by U.S. saturation bombing of North Vietnam did not derail the talks, and a peace agreement was reached, signed on Jan. 27, 1973, by the United States, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and the NLF's provisional revolutionary government. The accord provided for the end of hostilities, the withdrawal of U.S. and allied troops (several Southeast Asia Treaty Organization countries had sent token forces), the return of prisoners of war, and the formation of a four-nation international control commission to ensure peace. [PAR] Sections in this article:[DOC] [TLE] U.S. withdraws from Vietnam - Mar 29, 1973 - HISTORY.com U.S. withdraws from Vietnam - Mar 29, 1973 - HISTORY.com [PAR] U.S. withdraws from Vietnam [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Two months after the signing of the Vietnam peace agreement, the last U.S. combat troops leave South Vietnam as Hanoi frees the remaining American prisoners of war held in North Vietnam. America\u2019s direct eight-year intervention in the Vietnam War was at an end. In Saigon, some 7,000 U.S. Department of Defense civilian employees remained behind to aid South Vietnam in conducting what looked to be a fierce and ongoing war with communist North Vietnam. [PAR] In 1961, after two decades of indirect military aid, U.S. President John F. Kennedy sent the first large force of U.S. military personnel to Vietnam to bolster the ineffectual autocratic regime of South Vietnam against the communist North. Three years later, with the South Vietnamese government crumbling, President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered limited bombing raids on North Vietnam, and Congress authorized the use of U.S. troops. By 1965, North Vietnamese offensives left President Johnson with two choices: escalate U.S. involvement or withdraw. Johnson ordered the former, and troop levels soon jumped to more than 300,000 as U.S. air forces commenced the largest bombing campaign in history. [PAR] During the next few years, the extended length of the war, the high number of U.S. casualties, and the exposure of U.S. involvement in war crimes, such as the massacre at My Lai, helped turn many in the United States against the Vietnam War. The communists\u2019 Tet Offensive of 1968 crushed U.S. hopes of an imminent end to the conflict and galvanized U.S. opposition to the war. In response, Johnson announced in March 1968 that he would not seek reelection, citing what he perceived to be his responsibility in creating a perilous national"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE OLD MAN OF LOCHNAGAR by The Prince of Wales | Kirkus ... THE OLD MAN OF LOCHNAGAR by The Prince of Wales | Kirkus Reviews [PAR] Tweet [PAR] KIRKUS REVIEW [PAR] The jacket flap tells us that Prince Charles wrote this story eleven years ago to amuse his younger brothers on a voyage. Like many similarly conceived projects, it consists largely of whimsical asides, strung together in a sequence of comings and goings that could not be called events. First, an old man who lives in a cave falls into Loch Lochnagar, and goes hunting underwater with \"\"the Scottish fresh water version of Neptune.\"\" (\"\"You see he could breathe underwater because he had amphibian nostrils and webbed eyebrows.\"\") Next the old man sneezes himself, rocket-style, to the top of Lochnagar mountain, where a grunting eagle (grunting because \"\"this particular eagle was a pig-eagle\"\") takes him for a ride. A frog takes him home. Later, he is carried by \"\"twelve huge cock capercaillie\"\" to Loch Muick, where two ospreys catch trout for him. He drinks a shrinking formula and visits the cairn home of the tiny neighboring people called Gorms. (\"\"That is why people living in Scotland who don't have Gorms on their hills are called 'gormless.' \"\") Then he boards a train for London but ends up back home in his cave, where he enjoys his ingenious bagpipe-powered 'loo. The deft line and watercolor illustrations rate a droller tale. This one should have been reserved for the family--though that 'loo is a cunning affair. [PAR] Pub Date: Nov. 26th, 1981 [PAR] Publisher: Farrar, Straus & Giroux[DOC] [TLE] 0241105277 - The Old Man of Lochnagar by Prince of Wales ... 0241105277 - The Old Man of Lochnagar by Prince of Wales Charles - AbeBooks [PAR] 0241105277 - The Old Man of Lochnagar by Prince of Wales Charles [PAR] You Searched For: [PAR] Results (1 - 30) of 63 [PAR] 1 [PAR] HRH Charles, the Prince of Wales [PAR] Published by Hamish Hamilton (1980) [PAR] ISBN 10: 0241105277 ISBN 13: 9780241105276 [PAR] Used Hardcover [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Hamish Hamilton, 1980. Hardcover. Book Condition: Used; Good. Dispatched, from the UK, within 48 hours of ordering. This book is in good condition but will show signs of previous ownership. Please expect some creasing to the spine and/or minor damage to the cover. Aged book. Please note this book is over 20 years old. It will therefore have tanned pages, age spots and plenty of shelf wear. However, for its age it is still very useable, and a great read. Bookseller Inventory # CHL1629440"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Easter Prize QUIZ ...ANSWERS in General Discussion Forum Easter Prize QUIZ ...ANSWERS in General Discussion Forum [PAR] 12.What was the first food consumed by the astronauts of Apollo 11, after the moon landing?............TURKEY [PAR] 13.In which decade was Insulin first used in the treatment of Diabetes?...............................................1920's [PAR] 14.The British cabinet has only once held a full cabinet meeting outside London, WHERE?.................INVERNESS [PAR] 15.At the end of which period did the dinosaurs become extinct?........................................................CRETACEOUS [PAR] 16.In the game of Chess, which piece always remains on the same coloured squares?..........................BISHOP [PAR] 17.What was advertised using the slogan \"Hello Boys!\"......................................................................THE WONDER BRA [PAR] 18.What Japanese word means \"empty orchestra?.............................................................................KAROAKE [PAR] 19.In the stock exchange, which animal is used as a nickname to describe someone who sells shares thinking that the price will fall?.........BEAR [PAR] 20.Which Alfred Hitchcock film features a wheelchair bound man convinced his neighbour has committed murder?..........THE REAR WINDOW [PAR] There you go. I'm not keen on doing general knowledge quizzes because I'm fully aware that if you go on the net, or google for answers different sites will give you different info. Question number 5, people gave loads of different answers, and to be honest I have no idea what is correct, but this was a quiz from the net, with the answers so I have to go by that. Most of you did pretty well but 2 ladies got 19/20, and they were [PAR] ROSYAPPLE and SANDRA CARMS, so Congratulations ladies, if you send me your names and addresses your prizes will be in the post.xx [PAR] Just a \"funny\" one of you ladies got numbers 11 and 12 in the wrong order, so that the Astronauts had a \"Chinese\" for their first meal on the moon!! made me giggle!! [PAR] Last Edited By: JACQUI Q Apr 7 10 6:32 PM. Edited 3 times."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 12 Zodiac Signs \u2013 Star Sign Dates, Facts and Compatibility 12 Zodiac Signs \u2013 Star Sign Dates, Facts and Compatibility [PAR] Zodiac Love Compatibility - How do you match up with other star signs? [PAR] Is your date of birth on a cusp? [PAR] If you were born on the first or last day of a Sun sign, in astrological terms you were born on a cusp. If that's the case, you will probably benefit from reading your own Sun sign and the Sun sign that ends or begins right before or after your date of birth. For example, if your birth date is 22 December, your Sun sign is Capricorn, but you probably have some Sagittarian traits as well. [PAR] NOTE: The above dates are a guideline only. Because of leap years, time zone differences and other factors, the exact day and time when the Sun changes signs varies from year to year. If you are born close to the changeover dates (close to the cusp) of the signs, you need to have your own personal horoscope drawn up in order to know exactly which astrology sign you were born under. [PAR] DO YOU NEED LOVE & RELATIONSHIP ADVICE? [PAR] Get the answers to your most pressing questions in the complete privacy & comfort of your own home. An Email Reading from a Psychic can provide the peace of mind you seek. [PAR] Live Psychic Phone Readings .: [PAR] How to speak with a live psychic: [PAR] 1. Please select the country you are calling from: [PAR] 2. Call (Please select your country) [PAR] 3. Key in the operator code when prompted ( search for an operator ) or wait for the next available reader. [PAR] [PAR] If your country is not included in our list of live psychic access numbers please try an email psychic reading which is available for all countries. [PAR] For your security all credit card transactions are secured by SecurePay. Security Policy . [PAR] Universal Psychic Guild accepts the following credit cards: [PAR] (MasterCard, Visa, American Express, Diners Club.) [PAR] Pay for your Phone Reading with PayPal and get 5 minutes free. More Info[DOC] [TLE] Astrology: Why Your Zodiac Sign and Horoscope Are Wrong Astrology: Why Your Zodiac Sign and Horoscope Are Wrong [PAR] Astrology: Why Your Zodiac Sign and Horoscope Are Wrong [PAR] By Pedro Braganca | [PAR] October 23, 2007 12:16pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] It's a great conversation starter: \"What's your sign?\" But before you ask or answer that question, consider this: Your zodiac sign corresponds to the position of the sun relative to constellations as they appeared more 2,200 years ago! The science behind astrology may have its roots in astronomy but don't confuse these two disciplines. Astronomy can explain the position of the stars in the sky but it\u2019s up to you to determine what, if anything, their alignment signifies. In short, as you'll see below, your zodiac sign is not what you think it is, and your corresponding horoscope can't be right. [Read: Wobbly Earth Means Your Horoscope Is Wrong ] [PAR] The Constellations of the Zodiac [PAR] The ecliptic, or the position of the Sun as it\u2019s perceived from the revolving Earth, passes through the constellations that formed the Zodiac - Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. Zodiac signs were originally determined by which constellation the Sun was \"in\" on the day you were born. [PAR] Early astronomers observed the Sun traveling through the signs of the Zodiac in the course of one year, spending about a month"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clothing: Where and Wear | History Today Clothing: Where and Wear | History Today [PAR] Clothing: Where and Wear [PAR] By Christopher Winn [PAR] Posted 8th October 2012, 9:46 [PAR] James Potter Brown attended the Autumn Ball of the Tuxedo Club in New York State 126 years ago this October. He was wearing a new kind of short, tail-less evening jacket tailored for him by Henry Poole & Co of Savile Row, on the recommendation of Edward, Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, with whom Potter had been staying at Sandringham that summer. [PAR] The jacket was admired by other members of the club, who had \u2018dinner\u2019 jackets made up for themselves for when they were dining at the club. One evening a group of members wore their new jackets to a dinner at Delmonico\u2019s in New York City and upon being asked about their attire replied: \u2018This is what we wear for dinner at the Tuxedo.\u2019 From then on the dinner jacket was known in America as the Tuxedo or \u2018Tux\u2019. Here are some more articles of clothing named after people and places. [PAR] Jersey: A knitted garment of wool or cotton with long sleeves, worn over the upper body as a pullover. Since the Channel Island of Jersey was famous for its knitting trade in medieval times, especially for its dark blue, water-resistant sweaters, the name jersey became associated with all such knitted items of clothing. [PAR] Cardigan: A type of sweater that opens down the front, as worn by the 7th Earl of Cardigan during the Crimean War. The earl, of course, took his name from Cardigan in Wales. [PAR] Balaclava: A type of woollen headgear that covers the whole head with just an opening for the eyes and mouth, as worn by British troops at the Battle of Balaclava on October 25th, 1854, during the Crimean War. [PAR] Balmoral: A type of hat as worn by Scottish Highland warriors. The name dates from the 19th century when the hat was traditionally worn as full dress head-gear at Balmoral Castle, the Deeside home of Queen Victoria. [PAR] Mackintosh: A type of waterproof raincoat made from rubberised material, often abbreviated as \u2018mac\u2019, and named after the inventor, Charles Macintosh of Glasgow. The invention is spelt with a \u2018k\u2019, the inventor is not. [PAR] Ulster: A heavy herringbone or tweed overcoat with a cape and sleeves made in Belfast by the Ulster Overcoat Company, particularly popular in Victorian times. Sherlock Holmes frequently wore an Ulster, as did Billy Connolly in his role as Queen Victoria\u2019s ghillie, John Brown, in the 1997 film Mrs Brown.[DOC] [TLE] What are the origins of the balaclava? - Skull Masks What are the origins of the balaclava? - Facemasks [PAR] What are the origins of the balaclava? [PAR] Home > Blogs > Maskers & Mutsen > What are the origins of the balaclava? [PAR] A balaclava is a very popular garment during winter, on winter sports vacations and as an attribute for a great number of sports. You can wear a balaclava in multiple ways, depending on the part of the face you want to be protected. [PAR] Perhaps you didn\u2019t realise that balaclavas have a very interesting history. As a matter of fact they were invented in the nineteenth century and used for the first time during the Crimean War! [PAR] Balaclavas [PAR] A balaclava covers all of your head (except for the eyes), but you can wear it also like a cap, a scarf or you can protect only part of your face with this practical item. Although balaclavas were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What nationality was Christopher Columbus???????????? What nationality was Christopher Columbus???????????? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] What nationality was Christopher Columbus???????????? [PAR] This question was answered on May 10, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] What nationality was Christopher Columbus???????????? [PAR] CallieZinn posted a question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 9:57am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] The answer to this question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29452816) ]} [PAR] ProfWasylyna answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 9:58am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] May 10, 2016 at 9:58am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29452814) ]} [PAR] May 10, 2016 at 9:58am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29452815) ]} [PAR] Here is the solution... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29452821) ]} [PAR] physicsexpert3 answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 9:58am [PAR] Christopher Columbus, Italian Cristoforo Colombo, Spanish Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n (born between August 26... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29452841) ]} [PAR] Here is the solution... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29452901) ]} [PAR] nickmom98 answered the question \u00b7 May 10, 2016 at 10:03am [PAR] Italian Christopher Columbus, Italian Cristoforo Colombo, Spanish Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n (born between... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29457364) ]} [PAR] View Full Answer or ask a new question [PAR] Related Questions [PAR] Name who became president after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] Miss-white [PAR] 11 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is 1 min [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] 890,990,898 [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Votes for women BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Votes for women [PAR] Votes for women [PAR] Why did women get the vote? [PAR] The Suffragettes [PAR] At the time, the Suffragettes caused a lot of anger and it has been argued that they lost support for the cause. Certainly, women had not been given the vote by 1914, even after a lot of Suffragette violence. However, some historians argue that, although they could not be seen to give in to Suffragette violence, politicians could not face a return to Suffragette violence after the war, and that is why they gave women the vote. [PAR] The War [PAR] During the war, women served the nation and did men's work in many ways. When they were given the vote in 1918, almost every person who supported the motion in Parliament said that they deserved it because of their conduct during the war - they had proved that they could go to war' with the men. The problem with this argument is that only women who were householders over the age of 30 (6 million women) got the vote in 1918; women over 21 did not get the vote until 1928. Yet the 1918 Representation of the People Act gave the vote to all men over the age of 21 so the war did not bring women equality. [PAR] Sylvia Pankhurst [PAR] In June 1914, she famously took a delegation of working class women to lobby Prime Minister Asquith who did not think that working class women were intelligent enough to have the vote. This proved to Asquith that working class women were intelligent enough to vote. [PAR] The Suffragists [PAR] Some historians argue that the long-term persuasion of the Suffragists won the vote. In 1916, Lloyd George, who supported women's suffrage, replaced Asquith as prime minister, and many pro-suffrage MPs who had been young men before 1914 now held influential places in the government. So the women won by patient persuasion, after all. [PAR] Page:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The first American in space - May 05, 1961 - HISTORY.com The first American in space - May 05, 1961 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 05/05/1961 - The first American in space [PAR] In This Day in History video clip - May 5, 1961: The first American in space - Cape Canaveral, Florida, Navy Commander Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. is launched into space aboard the Freedom 7 space capsule, becoming the first American astronaut to travel into space. The suborbital flight, which lasted 15 minutes and reached a height of 116 miles into the atmosphere, was a major triumph for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] The first American in space [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The first American in space [PAR] Author [PAR] The first American in space [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] From Cape Canaveral, Florida, Navy Commander Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. is launched into space aboard the Freedom 7 space capsule, becoming the first American astronaut to travel into space. The suborbital flight, which lasted 15 minutes and reached a height of 116 miles into the atmosphere, was a major triumph for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). [PAR] NASA was established in 1958 to keep U.S. space efforts abreast of recent Soviet achievements, such as the launching of the world\u2019s first artificial satellite\u2013Sputnik 1\u2013in 1957. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the two superpowers raced to become the first country to put a man in space and return him to Earth. On April 12, 1961, the Soviet space program won the race when cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was launched into space, put in orbit around the planet, and safely returned to Earth. One month later, Shepard\u2019s suborbital flight restored faith in the U.S. space program. [PAR] NASA continued to trail the Soviets closely until the late 1960s and the successes of the Apollo lunar program. In July 1969, the Americans took a giant leap forward with Apollo 11, a three-stage spacecraft that took U.S. astronauts to the surface of the moon and returned them to Earth. On February 5, 1971, Alan Shepard, the first American in space, became the fifth astronaut to walk on the moon as part of the Apollo 14 lunar landing mission. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Primary History - Romans - Romans in Scotland BBC - Primary History - Romans - Romans in Scotland [PAR] Romans in Scotland [PAR] Why didn't the Romans conquer Scotland? [PAR] How do we know about Romans in Scotland? [PAR] Mostly from finds made by archaeologists . For example, in 1905 archaeologists found a Roman fort at Newstead, near Melrose in the Borders. The Romans called this fort Trimontium ('three mountains'). The topmost remains of the fort date from the AD 140s when the Antonine Wall was built. Underneath were the remains of an older fort, probably built around AD 80. Forts protected Roman military roads. [PAR] Recent finds show that the Romans went as far north as Inverness. However, they did not stay and build towns like they did in Roman Britain (England and Wales). [PAR] Back to top [PAR] First outposts [PAR] Early evidence for the Romans in Scotland is the Gask Ridge. This earth-bank defence in Perthshire dates from around AD 70. It was made before Hadrian's Wall or the Antonine Wall and is further north. [PAR] The Gask Ridge is about 20 miles (32 km) long. The Romans set up forts and watch towers along it. [PAR] In AD 79 the Roman general Agricola sent ships to explore the Scottish coast. He was preparing to invade Scotland. To protect their army, the Romans built forts like Trimontium near Melrose. [PAR] Back to top [PAR] Scotland's biggest Roman fort [PAR] Inchtuthil (its Roman name was Victoria) is the biggest Roman fortress in Scotland. On the banks of the River Tay near Blairgowrie, it was built around AD 83 by soldiers of the 20th Legion. More than 5,000 legionaries were based here, to guard the way to the Highlands. [PAR] The fortress was huge! Its outer wall stretched 7 miles (10 km). Inside were 64 barrack rooms for soldiers, a hospital, and a headquarters building with a shrine to the gods. [PAR] Inchtuthil fortress was abandoned after only four years. The 20th Legion marched back south. [PAR] Back to top [PAR] Battle in the north [PAR] Roman soldiers fought the Caledonian tribes in Scotland. These tribes included the Picti or 'painted people' as the Romans called them. The biggest battle was in AD 84. The Roman historian Tacitus says it was at Mons Graupius. No one knows exactly where this was, but it was possibly in the Grampian Mountains in the north of Scotland. [PAR] Led by a chief named Calgacus, the Caledonians had about 30,000 warriors. The Roman army led by Agricola was probably smaller, but the Romans won. [PAR] Soon after, Agricola went back to Rome. [PAR] Back to top [PAR] Why didn't the Romans conquer Scotland? [PAR] Some experts think the Romans marched as far north as Cawdor, near Inverness. There are remains of a Roman fort here. But the Romans did not stay in the north. In the AD 160s, they abandoned the Antonine Wall, making Hadrian's Wall the northern frontier of Roman Britain. The last big Roman army campaign in Scotland was in 208-210. [PAR] There are Roman remains (such as bath-houses, roads and forts) in southern and central Scotland. But the Romans never settled the north. Their main concern was to protect Roman Britain from attacks by northern tribes. Such attacks increased in the AD 300s. The Roman army left Britain in AD 410.[DOC] [TLE] The Romans in Scotland - Historic UK The Romans in Scotland [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] There is little doubt that Caledonian tribes of Scotland would have been aware of the mighty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Just for Fun Facts - American Philatelic Society Fun Facts [PAR] Fun Facts [PAR] that are sure to bring a smile to your face! [PAR] There have been postage stamps that are records [PAR] Bhutan, an Asian nation in the Himalayan Mountains, issued a group of postage stamps that were actually phonograph records. These stamps, issued in 1973, had native folk songs recorded on one side and could be played on a record player. [PAR] Products were advertised on the back of stamps? [PAR] Sometime before 1883 advertising for various products was printed on the back of U.S. three-cent stamps. [PAR] Candles were once used to determine the postage rates? [PAR] In 1693, letters were held in front of a candle to determine the postage rate. The less the light shone through, the more costly the rate. This was known as candling. [PAR] An undersea post office actually did exist! [PAR] It was established in 1939 as part of a scientific facility on the sea bed off the Bahamas. They used a special oval postmark that was inscribed \"SEA FLOOR/BAHAMAS\". Here you can see the post office depicted on Bahamas 5 shilling stamp issued in 1965. [PAR] A stamp was created on the Moon! [PAR] In 1969 during the Apollo 11 moon flight, the astronauts took with them a die of a postage stamp which they pulled an impression of when they touched down on the moon. Thus, creating the moon's first postage stamp! Once the die was returned to earth it was used to produce the 10 cent airmail stamp issued in September of 1969. [PAR] The world's largest and smallest post offices are located in the US! [PAR] The world's largest post office is the head post office in Chicago, Illinois. The smallest post office in the world is located in Ochopee, Florida. [PAR] Can you believe Cats were used to deliver the mail! [PAR] I've heard of many different types of animals being used to deliver mail - camels, reindeer, horses, dogs, pigeons, but CATS? Well it's true. In 1879 Liege, Belgium employed 37 cats to carry bundles of letters to villages. This service didn't last long as cats proved to be thoroughly undisciplined. [PAR] Great Britain is the only country which issues stamps without its name printed on them. [PAR] Instead the profile of the monarch appears on British stamps. The Universal Postal Union allows this because Britain was the first country to issue stamps. [PAR] The first post offices in America were bags hung in taverns. [PAR] The mail was handled by captains of ships. [PAR] When stamps were first issued, they had no gum on the back. [PAR] And if paste was not available, mailers sometimes pinned or even sewed stamps to envelopes. [PAR] The first touch of humor did not appear on a U.S. stamp until 1963. [PAR] The 5-cent City Mail delivery stamp was issued for the 100th anniversary of free city mail delivery. The design, by Norman Rockwell, featured a letter carrier holding an umbrella, followed by a smiling boy and a little dog. [PAR] 100 Match Factory Place \u2022 Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA \u2022 814-933-3803 \u2022 Fax: 814-933-6128"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who built Buckingham Palace? - Royal Collection Trust Who built Buckingham Palace? [PAR] Who built Buckingham Palace? [PAR] Origins [PAR] The history of the site where Buckingham Palace now stands can be traced back to the reign of James I (r.1603-25), who established under royal patronage a plantation of mulberries for the rearing of silkworms in what is now the Buckingham Palace garden. It is clear that when Charles I (r.1625-49) granted the garden to Lord Aston in 1628, a substantial house already existed on the site. The house had a succession of owners and tenants until, in 1698, it was let to the man who was to give the house its name \u2013 John Sheffield, later the Duke of Buckingham. [PAR] Finding the house very dated in appearance, the Duke demolished the building to create the new \u2018Buckingham House\u2019. The house stood exactly on the site occupied by Buckingham Palace today. It was designed and built with the assistance of William Talman, Comptroller of the Works to William III, and Captain William Winde, a retired soldier. John Fitch built the main structure by contract for \u00a37,000. [PAR] At one stage Buckingham House was considered as a potential site for the British Museum, but was eventually turned down on account of \u2018the greatness of the sum demanded for it [30,000] [and] the inconvenience of the situation\u2019. [PAR] The Queen\u2019s House [PAR] Buckingham House remained the property of the Dukes of Buckingham until 1761, when George III (r.1760-1820) acquired the whole site as a private family residence for his wife, Queen Charlotte, and their children. It came to be known as \u2018The Queen\u2019s House\u2019. [PAR] Sir William Chambers was put in charge of remodelling and modernising the house between 1762 and 1776, at a cost of \u00a373,000. With ceilings designed by Robert Adam and painted by Giovanni Battista Cipriani, The Queen\u2019s rooms on the principal floor were among the most sophisticated of their time. [PAR] George IV [PAR] There was a great debate at the start of the 19th century about building an entirely new royal palace, but when George III\u2019s son, George IV (r.1820-30), acceded to the throne, the plan was abandoned. George IV was 60, overweight and in poor health. Having felt very much at home at The Queen\u2019s House during his childhood, the King wanted the existing house to be transformed into his palace. The King put John Nash, Official Architect to the Office of Woods and Forests, in charge of all the work. During the last five years of George IV\u2019s life, Nash enlarged Buckingham House into the imposing U-shaped building which was to become Buckingham Palace. [PAR] Nash\u2019s design was essentially an enlargement of the plan of Buckingham House. He extended the central block of the building westwards and to the north and south, and the two wings to the east were entirely rebuilt. The wings enclosed a grand forecourt which transformed the aspect of the Palace from St James\u2019s Park. Nash also created a triumphal arch in the centre of the forecourt. The arch formed part of a ceremonial processional approach to the Palace and celebrated Britain\u2019s recent naval and military victories. [PAR] The Buckingham Palace created by Nash was widely regarded as a masterpiece. It came, however, at a considerable cost. By 1828 Nash had spent \u00a3496,169 on the changes to the building. Soon after the death of George IV two years later, the Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington, dismissed Nash from his post for over-spending. Lord Duncannon, First Commissioner of Works, took over the task of overseeing the completion of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 37th US President - Richard Nixon - Sheppard Software The 37th US President - Richard Nixon [PAR] Richard Nixon [PAR] George W. Bush [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Richard Milhous Nixon, the thirty-seventh President of the United States (1969-74) became President in 1969 after defeating Lyndon Johnson's Vice-President, Hubert Humphrey, in one of the closest elections in US history. Nixon won that election by only one percent of the popular vote. Nixon was the second youngest Vice President and the first Californian to serve in the White House. He was also the first Vice President to be elected President, but not to succeed the President under whom he had served. He was also the first President to resign the presidency, which he did after the House Judiciary Committee voted articles of impeachment against him in 1974. Richard Nixon was a controversial President, nicknamed \"Tricky Dick\" and demonized by some, while admired by others for his accomplishments. [PAR] Born on January 9, l913 in Yorba Linda, California into a modest Quaker family, he spent his youth working hard and studying. A brilliant scholar, Dick Nixon graduated second in his class from Whittier College (1934), then third in his class from Duke University Law School (1937). Nixon practiced law in his hometown in Whittier, CA from 1937 to 1942. In l940, he married Thelma \"Pat\" Ryan. [PAR] In 1942, Nixon joined the United States Navy where he served as a supply officer in the South Pacific during World War II. He left the service as a Lieutenant Commander. Back in Whittier in 1946, Nixon entered the political arena. He challenged Democratic congressman Jerry Voorhis. Nixon campaigned vigorously, and won by 16,000 votes. [PAR] In 1948 and 1949, Nixon obtained national recognition while serving in the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Committee on Un-American Activities. He was dogged in his support for the investigation of Alger Hiss. Although Hiss was a former State Department official who had served as the President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, he was found guilty of helping to transmit confidential government documents - called the \"Pumpkin Papers\" because they were hidden in a pumpkin -- to the Soviets. Nixon again used anti-communism to his advantage when, in 1950, he ran for the United States Senate against Congresswoman Helen Gahagan Douglas, a popular liberal Democrat. By dubbing her the \"Pink Lady,\" he cast aspersions on her loyalty without actually accusing her of being a Communist. Although he won the election, his campaign tactics were widely criticized. Nevertheless, he became the bright young star in the Republican Party. [PAR] In 1952, when Nixon was nominated to be Dwight Eisenhower's running mate, he was only thirty-nine years old. It was soon exposed that Nixon had accepted $18,000 for political expenses and Eisenhower's advisors wanted Nixon to resign. He responded with a brilliant speech that (because of a sentimental reference to his dog) became known as the \"Checkers Speech.\" It saved his political career. [PAR] Eisenhower and Nixon won the election defeating the Democrat Adlai Stevenson by over 6,000,000 votes. Although during the Eisenhower years, the relationship between the President and Vice President was somewhat strained, years later Nixon's youngest daughter, Julie, married Eisenhower's grandson, David, for whom the Presidential retreat, Camp David, is named. [PAR] Eisenhower and Nixon won easily in the 1956 election. As Vice President, Nixon became a vigorous Republican spokesman. In non-election years, he traveled the country trying to raise money for the party. He also achieved foreign affairs credentials by visiting numerous other countries, including the Soviet Union, where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Louis XIV - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Louis XIV - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Early Life and Reign of Louis XIV [PAR] Born on September 5, 1638, to King Louis XIII of France (1601-1643) and his Habsburg queen, Anne of Austria (1601-1666), the future Louis XIV was his parents\u2019 first child after 23 years of marriage; in recognition of this apparent miracle, he was christened Louis-Dieudonn\u00e9, meaning \u201cgift of God.\u201d A younger brother, Philippe (1640-1701), followed two years later. When the king died on May 14, 1643, 4-year-old Louis inherited the crown of a fractured, unstable and nearly insolvent France. After orchestrating the annulment of Louis XIII\u2019s will, which had appointed a regency council to rule on the young king\u2019s behalf, Anne served as sole regent for her son, assisted by her chief minister and close confidant, the Italian-born Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661). [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] At the Palace of Versailles, aristocrats were expected to compete for the privilege of watching Louis XIV wake up, eat meals and prepare for bed. [PAR] During the early years of Louis XIV\u2019s reign, Anne and Mazarin introduced policies that further consolidated the monarchy\u2019s power, angering nobles and members of the legal aristocracy. Beginning in 1648, their discontent erupted into a civil war known as the Fronde, which forced the royal family to flee Paris and instilled a lifelong fear of rebellion in the young king. Mazarin suppressed the revolt in 1653 and by decade\u2019s end had restored internal order and negotiated a peace treaty with Hapsburg Spain, making France a leading European power. The following year, 22-year-old Louis married his first cousin Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se (1638-1683), daughter of King Philip IV of Spain. A diplomatic necessity more than anything else, the union produced six children, of whom only one, Louis (1661-1711), survived to adulthood. (A number of illegitimate offspring resulted from Louis XIV\u2019s affairs with a string of official and unofficial mistresses.) [PAR] Louis XIV Assumes Control of France [PAR] After Mazarin\u2019s death in 1661, Louis XIV broke with tradition and astonished his court by declaring that he would rule without a chief minister. He viewed himself as the direct representative of God, endowed with a divine right to wield the absolute power of the monarchy. To illustrate his status, he chose the sun as his emblem and cultivated the image of an omniscient and infallible \u201cRoi-Soleil\u201d (\u201cSun King\u201d) around whom the entire realm orbited. While some historians question the attribution, Louis is often remembered for the bold and infamous statement \u201cL\u2019\u00c9tat, c\u2019est moi\u201d (\u201cI am the State\u201d). [PAR] Immediately after assuming control of the government, Louis worked tirelessly to centralize and tighten control of France and its overseas colonies. His finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), implemented reforms that sharply reduced the deficit and fostered the growth of industry, while his war minister, the Marquis de Louvois (1641-1691), expanded and reorganized the French army. Louis also managed to pacify and disempower the historically rebellious nobles, who had fomented no less than 11 civil wars in four decades, by luring them to his court and habituating them to the opulent lifestyle there. [PAR] The Arts and the Royal Court Under Louis XIV [PAR] A hard-working and meticulous ruler who oversaw his programs down to the last detail, Louis XIV nevertheless appreciated art, literature, music, theater and sports. He surrounded himself with some of the greatest artistic and intellectual figures of his time, including the playwright Moli\u00e8re (1622-1673), the painter Charles Le Brun (1619-1690) and the composer Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687). He also appointed himself patron of the Acad\u00e9mie"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When Was Golf Invented? | Golfsmith When Was Golf Invented? | Golfsmith [PAR] When Was Golf Invented? [PAR] Golf's early history can be traced to Scotland. [PAR] David Cannon/Getty Images Sport/Getty Images [PAR] More Articles [PAR] How Did Ken Venturi Practice? [PAR] The game of golf most likely began when a few hardy Scottish souls used a stick to propel a round rock toward a predetermined target. The exact details have been lost in the mists of time. Between the 1500s and 1600s, the game became more formalized. Everyone played, from the peasants to the elite. However, not everyone favored the game. King James II of Scotland thought the youth of his era should be more focused on worthy pursuits, such as going to war, rather than honing their golf skills. In 1636, David Wedderburn included the Latin word for \"club\" in his Vocabula, a listing of terms related to golf. Also included was a term for \"golf hole,\" a critical element for defining the modern day game of golf. [PAR] Precursors to Golf [PAR] While Scotland is credited with being the birthplace of golf, similar games were played much earlier. According to GolfNow.com, feather-stuffed balls were hit with branches as early as the time of Julius Caesar. The Dutch played a golf game of sorts on their frozen canals, as documented by book illustrations as early as the 1400s. The game was more like ice hockey and was played with sticks and a ball . It was called kolven. Kolven became kolf, and then gawf in Britain. However, according to the Scottish Golf History website, there is not a \" universally accepted derivation for the word golf.\" The French and Belgians played a cross-country version of the game with a ball and a stick. [PAR] Early Play [PAR] By the 1500s, a game similar to modern-day golf was played on the coasts of Scotland. Both men and women participated. In fact, Mary Queen of Scots was chided for playing the day after her husband was murdered. Rules varied, but by 1744 a set of 13 rules had been established and accepted. That's a far cry from today's rule book, which is hundreds of pages. In 1764, The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews established that the game should consist of 18 holes. At the time, that course consisted of 12 holes. Ten of the holes were played once and an additional eight holes were played again for a total of 18. [PAR] Equipment [PAR] Early golf clubs are difficult to date accurately. By comparing the techniques used to make bows, Troon clubs are believed to date from the early 17th century or late 16th century. The golf ball, which was made of carved wood in the 1500s, segued into the featherie in 1618. The featherie was a leather pouch stuffed with wet feathers. When the feathers dried the ball became firmer and round. This innovation took the game of golf out of the common man's reach because featheries were expensive and didn\u2019t last long. When forged metal clubheads became available, many golfers stuck with wood clubs because they did less damage to the featheries. The gutta percha ball gave the game back to the masses 200 years later. Gutta percha balls were made of rubber, were much less expensive to produce because they could be poured into molds and lasted longer than featheries. [PAR] Clubs, Courses and Competition [PAR] The distinction of being the earliest golf course is credited to the old links of Musselburgh in Scotland. Scotland's Prestwick Golf Club played host to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Laws & Equipment | What is a ... BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Laws & Equipment | What is a line-out? [PAR] What is a line-out? [PAR] The line-out is another awesome sight in rugby union. [PAR] It is a way of restarting play after the ball has been knocked or kicked out of play past the touch line. [PAR] The line-out consists of three to eight players from each side, up to 16 in total, and is taken where the ball went out of play. [PAR] The aim of each player is simply to get their hands on the ball for their team. [PAR] So how does it work? The advantage is with the team throwing in. [PAR] They get the ball because they were not the team who last touched the ball before it went out. They also get to decide how many players will make up the line-out. [PAR] FORMING A LINE-OUT [PAR] The eight forwards and the scrum-half are the players who make up the line-out. [PAR] The most important players are the hooker, the two second rows and scrum-half. They are responsible for getting the ball out to the backs or for the rest of the forwards. [PAR] That does not mean the other players have nothing to do. Far from it. [PAR] The line-out must be formed past the five-metre line and no more than 15m in from the touchline, and both teams must have a one metre gap between them. [PAR] If the referee decides one team has purposely closed the gap, a penalty will be awarded to the other team. [PAR] LINE-OUT THROWS [PAR] The hooker is usually the player with the job throwing the ball into a line-out. Their aim is to find the \"jumpers\", usually the two second rowers. [PAR] But this is not easy. The other team also want the ball, so they'll be doing all they can to upset the hooker's throw. [PAR] The hooker gets a call from one of the jumpers or the scrum half, usually in a code no-one except your team understands, on who to aim the throw at. [PAR] They must stand behind the touch line when they make their throw. [PAR] And the throw must be deadly straight, otherwise the referee will have the line-out taken again, but this time the opposition get the throw in. [PAR] RETAKEN THROWS [PAR] The line-out may look very simple, but it has plenty of laws every player must follow: [PAR] The ball must be thrown straight [PAR] All players not in the line-out must be 10m behind the last man in the line [PAR] No player can use a one of the opposition to use as support when they are jumping [PAR] No player is allowed to push, charge or hold another player in the line-out [PAR] No player can be lifted before the ball is thrown [PAR] No jumper can use the outside of their arm to catch or deflect the ball [PAR] Depending on how serious the offence is, the referee will either award a penalty or free-kick to the team who did not make the offence.[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Tom Fordyce: Land of the rugby giants BBC - Tom Fordyce: Land of the rugby giants [PAR] Land of the rugby giants [PAR] Post categories: Rugby Union [PAR] Tom Fordyce | 11:43 UK time, Thursday, 8 March 2012 [PAR] There's been much talk this Six Nations about the giants of the rampaging Welsh back line - two inches and 11.8kg bigger on average than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many players are there on a netball team? | Reference.com How many players are there on a netball team? | Reference.com [PAR] How many players are there on a netball team? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The International Netball Federation stipulates a maximum of 12 players per team, but only a total of seven may be on the court at any given time. At least five players from each team must be present on court to proceed with a standard game. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Implemented in 2012, the international netball format Fast5 restricts the number of players on court to five from each team. It also allows for rolling substitutions, unlike the standard format, which limits substitutions to halftime and in cases of injury. A total of seven playing positions exist in a standard game, and a center must be designated to begin. Teams can bring in new players before each center pass to increase their count to seven.[DOC] [TLE] Netball Rules - Simple Netball Netball Rules [PAR] Netball Rules [PAR] Star Players... [PAR] Netball Rules [PAR] The following is an overview of the rules of the game of netball as outlined in the Official Netball Rules, published by the International Federation of Netball Associations (IFNA). [PAR] It's not possible to include all the rules of the game in this section. There are so many that every netball player learns a new rule every once in a while, no matter how long they've been playing! The aim is to provide you with a basic understanding of the rules to be able to play the game safely and enjoyably. Please use this section as a reference to answer any questions you may have about umpiring decisions. If you're still not sure, please ask! [PAR] Interested in running your own Play Simple Netball League? Click here for more details. [PAR] Copies of the rule book can be obtained from England Netball. [PAR] [PAR] The team [PAR] Teams shall consist of 7 players. There must be at least 5 players, one of whom must play centre, to enable the fixture to go ahead. [PAR] [PAR] Substitutions [PAR] Substitutions can only be made at half time or when a player is injured. There is no limit to the number of substitutions that a team can make. [PAR] If you start a match with 5 or 6 players but more members of your team arrive after the game has started, they must wait until the next centre pass before being allowed to join the game. [PAR] [PAR] Playing positions and their roles on the court [PAR] There are seven playing positions in a team. Each has an important role to play for their team: [PAR] Goal Shooter [PAR] To score goals and to work in and around the circle with the GA [PAR] Goal Attack [PAR] To feed and work with GS and to score goals [PAR] Wing Attack [PAR] To feed the circle players giving them shooting opportunities [PAR] Centre [PAR] To take the centre pass and to link the defence and the attack [PAR] Wing Defence [PAR] To look for interceptions and prevent the WA from feeding the circle [PAR] Goal Defence [PAR] To win the ball and reduce the effectiveness of the GA [PAR] Goal Keeper [PAR] To work with the GD and to prevent the GA/GS from scoring goals [PAR] [PAR] Starting the game \u2013 centre pass [PAR] The first centre pass is decided between the two captains by the toss of a coin. The centre passes then alternate between the teams, regardless of which team"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts and Figures / FAQ - The Championships, Wimbledon ... Facts and Figures / FAQ - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] Facts and Figures / FAQ [PAR] Facts and Figures about The Championships. READ MORE [PAR] Facts and Figures on frequently asked topics about The Championships. [PAR] [PAR] Men: 212 - Goran Ivanisevic (CRO) 2001 [PAR] Ladies: 80 - Serena Williams (USA) 2015 [PAR] [PAR] Men: 165 - Ivo Karlovic (from four matches). [PAR] Ladies: 80 - Serena Williams (from seven matches). [PAR] [PAR] Total attendance was 493,928 (for 14 days, includes Middle Sunday of 24,623) (484,391 in 2015) [PAR] [PAR] Ball Boys and Ball Girls [PAR] Around 250 from around 750 entries come through a rigorous training routine. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Balls [PAR] 54,250 used during The Championships period. Stored at 68 deg F. New balls after first seven games (to allow for warm-up), then after every 9 games. Subject to availability after use balls sold daily to LTA-affiliated clubs and to spectators in the grounds. \u00a32.50 per can of three. Proceeds go to LTA's Wimbledon Balls for Schools Scheme. Yellow balls used for first time in 1986. At start of day 48 tins taken onto Centre and No.1 Courts and 24 on all outside courts. [PAR] [PAR] BBC is the host broadcaster. Agreement extended in 2011 to 2017 inc. [PAR] Global news access audience estimated at over 1bn people in 200 territories. [PAR] [PAR] Broadcast figures 2016 (early headline audience figures) [PAR] [PAR] UK (BBC): [PAR] The Gentlemen\u2019s Singles Final peaked at 13.3 million with a 69% peak share. [PAR] The Ladies\u2019 Singles Final audience peak was 4.8m. On the website there were 10.2 million unique browsers and 1.9 million requests for the Wimbledon live stream. [PAR] The Mixed Doubles Final featuring Heather Watson peaked at 2.8m and the Gentlemen\u2019s Wheelchair Singles Final on BBC2 with Gordon Reid at peaked 1.1m [PAR] US (ESPN): [PAR] Most-watched Wimbledon to-date on WatchESPN \u2013 up 35% vs. 2015 [PAR] [PAR] TSN (Canada): The Gentlemen\u2019s Singles Final featuring Milos Raonic became the most watched tennis match in Canada peaking at 2.4 million [PAR] [PAR] Unique devices \u2013 20.9m (21.1m in 2015) [PAR] Visits \u2013 69.4m (72.0 in 2015) [PAR] Page views \u2013 395m (542m in 2015) [PAR] mobile .com uniques: 5.6m (2.1m in 2014) +125% [PAR] mobile .com visits: 9.6m (8.4m in 2015) +98% [PAR] mobile .com page views: 88.3m (73.7m in 2015) [PAR] App downloads: 1.5m [PAR] .com to apps uniques split: 93% to 7% [PAR] .com to apps page views split: 51% to 49% [PAR] Social media audience: 10.5m (8.5m in 2015) [PAR] Video views: 106m (85m in 2015) [PAR] Live @ Wimbledon TV: 1.5m (Global excl Spain, Austria, Italy, Germany) (1.6m in 2015) [PAR] Bespoke social media feeds in Chinese (Sina Weibo and WeChat \u2013 65k followers), WeChat prediction [PAR] game (55k users) and geo-targeted content posted in Japanese on Facebook and Line. [PAR] Platform-specific social media activations: Facebook frame and Wimbledon experience, Facebook 360s, [PAR] #Wimbledon emojis, Beat a Legend vine activation, #TheHill v #TheWorld v #TheQueue, Wimbleskills [PAR] Euros challenge, Giphy channel, Live @ Wimbledon on YouTube, Pinterest Wimbledon food, Custom [PAR] Snapchat filters and strawberry lens, Snapchat Wimbledon Live Stories, YouTube 3D of the finals. [PAR] [PAR] 39,000 spectators in the grounds at any one time. [PAR] [PAR] Catering 2016 [PAR] Wimbledon is the largest single annual sporting catering operation (1800 staff) carried out in Europe. Average quantities supplied by Championships' caterers FMC. [PAR] 177,135 glasses of Pimm's [PAR] 2772 kilos of bananas (for players) [PAR] [PAR] Champions' Dinner"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Snooker Championship - ArmchairGM Wiki - Wikia World Snooker Championship | ArmchairGM Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The World Snooker Championship, currently held at The Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, is the climax of snooker's annual calendar and the most important snooker event of the year in terms of prestige, prize money and world ranking points. [PAR] History [PAR] The first championship was held in 1927, and the legendary Joe Davis helped to organise the event. Matches were held at various venues, and the final took place at Camkin's Hall, Birmingham. Joe Davis won the event, beating Tom Dennis 20-11. His prize money was \u00a36.10s. The highest break of the tournament was 60 by Albert Cope . [PAR] In subsequent years, finals were held at various venues. Joe Davis won every year until 1940, when he just beat his younger brother Fred 37-36. No tournaments were organised during the war years, and it only resumed in 1946 when Joe Davis won again for the 15th time, a record that still stands. Joe Davis never contested the world championship again, though he continued to play professional snooker. Some have speculated that he did not want to risk losing his unbeaten record. [PAR] Walter Donaldson won in 1947, but it was Fred Davis who dominated the next few years, winning eight times between 1948 and 1956. [PAR] In 1952, as a result of a disagreement between the governing bodies (the Billiards Association and Control Council), and some of the players, two tournaments were held. The World Matchplay, organised by the players and widely viewed as the \"real\" world championship, continued until 1957. The BA&CC event only lasted one year. Meanwhile the 'official' world championship did attract two entrants in 1952, Horace Lindrum beating Clark McConachy \u2013 and it is Lindrum's name that is inscribed on the familiar trophy. [PAR] Snooker then went into a period of decline, and no tournament was held between 1958 and 1963. In 1964 it was revived on a challenge basis, a format which lasted until 1968. This meant that matches took place on an irregular basis, sometimes more than once a year. John Pulman , who had won in 1957, completely dominated during this period, overcoming all challengers in a total of seven matches. [PAR] The championship reverted back to a knockout tournament in 1969. That year it was won by John Spencer , but it was Ray Reardon who was to dominate over the coming years, winning six times between 1970 and 1978. [PAR] 1976 was the first year the championships were sponsored by the cigarette brand Embassy. The following year, the event moved to the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, UK, and the BBC started providing major television coverage. The Crucible provides a unique atmosphere to the tournament, both for spectators and live television viewers. The venue seats less than a thousand people with the front row of seats only a few feet from the players. This was about the time snooker started attracting very large television audiences, and for most fans The Crucible is synonymous with snooker. The most successful players at The Crucible are Steve Davis , who won six times in the 1980s, and Stephen Hendry, who won seven times in the 1990s. Recently, the tournament has been more open, with four different winners in the last four years. The most famous final occurred in 1985, when Dennis Taylor beat Steve Davis 18-17 in one of the most closely contested matches of all time),which finished at 00:19; it was superseded as the latest finish to a final by the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to the World of Total Immersion Welcome to the World of Total Immersion [PAR] Nuclear Power system/ Steam power system/Mechanical drive parts [PAR] Fresh water system/waste water systems/Bilge pumps Rudder/dive planes - controls and mechanical parts - and much more [PAR] Many interior and exterior photos of the 1954 movie Nautilus are included for use in creating the correct color finishes, textures, and details. [PAR] As a straight display, model construction is easy requiring only a few hand tools and glue. [PAR] For model builders interested in the challenge of building the ultimate interior model of the Nautilus, this kit offers all the basic information. [PAR] Includes Full sized plans. Kit offers the only complete detailed compartment interior drawings of the Nautilus ever produced for the modeler. [PAR] Note: The still set photos are NOT movie stills - they are actual set photos taken before the film was shot. [PAR] No submarine-boat over the years has been so famous as the first iron submarine boat NAUTILUS, built and captioned by Captain Nemo from his secret isolated island base Volcania. [PAR] This kit offers the only complete detailed compartment interior drawings of the Nautilus ever produced for the modeler. [PAR] Now Available. A fully assembled and primed Nautilus Victorian Age submarine designed by Harper Goff. The model offered, developed and built by Lee Seiler, with thanks to Tom Sherman, long time friend and contributor to the acrylic master model, includes exclusive hull Rusting kit. [PAR] Nautilus Models are built to order only. [PAR] The Nautilus with display stand is priced at $380.00 plus $40 shipping and insurance anywhere in the USA. Outside the US Postal system, please ask for a quote. [PAR] Add Fiber Optic lighting effects! Order directly from: [PAR] Now available: Expedition from the Nautilus [PAR] No scale model of Harper Goff s Disney Nautilus would be complete without a crew. [PAR] Now available in 1:72 scale as cast resin figures. [PAR] These figures are complete with \"The free diving suits\" (self contained) and shipboard uniforms. Originals carved and cast by hand. Figures are ready to paint and mount or can be further detailed to suite. Color painting key included. [PAR] NOW Available: [PAR] Captain Nemo leads Underwater expedition $25 + S/H [PAR] (1 ea. Nemo and 8 crew figures) [PAR] Available Soon [PAR] First mate and 8 crew $25 + S/H [PAR] (1 ea. First mate and 8 crew) [PAR] Adventurers [PAR] (Ned Land, Prof Aronnax and [PAR] Conseil) $18 + S/H [PAR] Also:\"Nautilus display stand\" [PAR] scaled to fit the submarine. [PAR] (1 of 2 model supports shown. The base consists of 2 of the above holders). These are supplied with the assembled version of the ship. [PAR] Price: $25 plus shipping and insurance [PAR] Read a collection of testimonials from Nautilus owners! [PAR] You may also purchase the Nautilus as a fully completed model. [PAR] The assembled Nautilus with display stand is priced at $500.00, which includes shipping and insurance anywhere in the USA. Outside the US Postal system, please ask for a quote.[DOC] [TLE] 20,000 Leagues under the Sea - Christian Schools 20,000 Leagues under the Sea [PAR] 20,000 Leagues under the Sea [PAR] 20,000 Leagues under the Sea [PAR] SKU# LR0909 [PAR] Product ID - LR0909 | Availability - Now Shipping [PAR] Want an exciting science fiction novel to enhance your students' love of reading? Then, explore the underwater world of Captain Nemo and the Nautilus in the pages of Jules Vernes' Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea. This 322-page paperback book for grades 7 and up is sure to captivate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Noddy Books | eBay Noddy Books | eBay [PAR] Noddy Books [PAR] or Best Offer [PAR] + \u00a33.00 P&P [PAR] Vintage Noddy books set of 12. Various ages and fair condition. All pages present, a few with owners names written in and one with two pages damaged. (See photos) [PAR] or Best Offer [PAR] + \u00a35.00 P&P [PAR] Collection of 6 Noddy books by Enid Blyton. The Big Noddy Book - annual style book, dated 1959. Has a name written in biro on the first page where it says 'This book belongs to.'. Pictures have been c... [PAR] 0 bids [PAR] + \u00a31.54 P&P [PAR] ENID BLYTON TWO NODDY BOOKS BE BRAVE LITTLE NODDY & MR PLOD AND LITTLE NODDY TWO GREAT NODDY BOOKS CONDITION AS FOLLOWS: MR PLOD AND LITTLE NODDY 1961 - STILL HAS DUSTCOVER WHICH HAS A TINY RIP AT T... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] + \u00a31.80 P&P [PAR] A hardback edition with dustjacket. The jacket is somewhat worn with ragged and creased edges, corners and spine and grubby marks to the front and back. A few titles on the inside flap have been ticke... [PAR] or Best Offer [PAR] + \u00a32.85 P&P [PAR] Book Condition: Near Very Good. No Jacket. Six hardback books in original format, each 64 pp, pictorial colour eps and illustrs, original characters, matt boards, except for one later issue (1999). [PAR] 0 bids [PAR] + \u00a32.85 P&P [PAR] Pictures by Beek. London, Sampson Low,1962 (originally published as The New Big Noddy Book, 1953). Good condition, with bright coloured boards, top and bottom of external spine slightly rubbed, colour... [PAR] or Best Offer [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] Wonderful book from the 1950's by Enid Blyton and published by Harper Collins as part of their 'Classic Stories' range. This edition published in 2009. The book is in good condition with pages that ar... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] Noddy Storybook Treasury (Enid Blyton Toyland). World of Books was founded in 2005, recycling books sold to us through charities either directly or indirectly. While we do our best to provide good qua... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] Vintage Noddy's New Big Book , beautifully illustrated by Enid Blyton in used condition, pages tight, wear to cover and spine, name (this book belongs to] in pencil in front cover, one page has been ... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] Noddy Classic Library (14) - Noddy and the Bumpy-Dog. World of Books was founded in 2005, recycling books sold to us through charities either directly or indirectly. While we do our best to provide go... [PAR] 0 bids [PAR] + \u00a32.80 P&P [PAR] Two delightful Noddy stories. Noddy and the Roller-skates & Noddy and the Ark. Beautiful illustrations and pop-ups. Please see my other items listed. [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] + \u00a31.47 P&P [PAR] New Books are added weekly. Lovely Children's Fiction Storybook by Enid Blyton, some slight wear to cover. Bright Colourful pictures throughout. Boos t your Children s learning potential by making boo... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] Noddy and the Tootles - Book 23. Noddy and the Aeroplane - Book 24. Both in good condition. Both have name panel filled in in pencil. Both have original dust jackets which are complete and not torn, a... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] Noddy Goes to Toyland. Noddy book 1. By Enid Blyton. In acceptable condition as a reading copy. Is missing spine and cover is well marked. [PAR] | [PAR] 2 sold [PAR] Noddy Goes to School"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'wee sleekit cowrin timrous beastie' print by eat haggis ... 'wee sleekit cowrin timrous beastie' print by eat haggis | notonthehighstreet.com [PAR] save for later [PAR] A deep green print with a classic Scottish phrase in white. [PAR] A line from the Scottish bard Robert Burns' famous poem \"To a Mouse\" print in crisp white on a rich green tartan background. [PAR] Through this poem Burn's explores ideas of natural disaster and the vulnerability of all Earth's creatures. Burns was an early advocate against cruelty to animals and those who derived pleasure from causign such pain received the wrath of his pen on many occasions. [PAR] The EAT HAGGIS AND CEILIDH ON slogan is a trademark of Allistair J Burt. All rights Reserved [PAR] Large print is a limited signed edition of 200 [PAR] Availiable in two sizes, standard and wee. [PAR] made from: [PAR] Unframed digital archival art print on Somerset Velvet 330gsm paper. This is an extremely high quality art print produced at the Glasgow Print Studio. [PAR] dimensions: [PAR] Standard size 40cm x 30cm, wee size 24cm x 18cm [PAR] product code:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edgar Degas Biography (Artist) - Fact Monster Edgar Degas Biography (Artist) [PAR] Best known as: 19th century French painter of ballet dancers [PAR] Name at birth: Hilaire Germain Edgar De Gas [PAR] Edgar Degas was a 19th century artist from France who is best known for paintings, pastels and drawings of dancers, women at the toilette and Parisian street scenes. The product of a wealthy Parisian banking family, Degas studied art extensively and became a master draftsman by the 1860s. Although his style was more realistic and naturalistic, he joined the Impressionist school ( Claude Monet , Henri Matisse , et al) for exhibitions -- and has historically been linked to them aesthetically. Degas was known to have done hundreds of drawings before committing to a painting, and he experimented with media throughout his career. Some of his most famous paintings include Woman with Chrysanthemums (1865), The Dance Class (1873-76), L'Absinthe (1876) and After the Bath (1898). His sculptures from later in his career -- lots of dancers -- are seen all over the world. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] He was friends with and helped the career of Mary Cassatt \u2026 His last name is pronounced \u201cdeh-GAH.\u201d [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Advertisement[DOC] [TLE] Edgar Degas on ArtStack - art online Edgar Degas on ArtStack - art online [PAR] /\u02c8de\u026a\u0261\u0251\u02d0/ ; born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, [PAR] French: [PAR] [il\u025b\u02d0\u0281 \u0292\u025b\u0281m\u025b\u0303 \u025bd\u0261a\u0281 d\u0259 \u0261\u0251] ; 19 July 1834 \u2013 27 September 1917) was a French artist famous for his paintings, sculptures, prints , and drawings. He is especially identified with the subject of dance; more than half of his works depict dancers. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism , although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist . [1] He was a superb draftsman , and particularly masterly in depicting movement, as can be seen in his rendition of dancers, racecourse subjects and female nudes . His portraits are notable for their psychological complexity and for their portrayal of human isolation. [2] [PAR] At the beginning of his career, Degas wanted to be a history painter , a calling for which he was well prepared by his rigorous academic training and close study of classic art. In his early thirties, he changed course, and by bringing the traditional methods of a history painter to bear on contemporary subject matter, he became a classical painter of modern life. [3] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Early life[ edit ] [PAR] Edgar Degas c. 1855\u201360 [4] [PAR] Degas was born in Paris, France, into a moderately wealthy family. He was the oldest of five children of C\u00e9lestine Musson De Gas, a Creole from New Orleans , Louisiana , and Augustin De Gas, a banker. His maternal grandfather Germain Musson, was born in Port-au-Prince , Haiti of French descent and had settled in New Orleans in 1810. [5] Degas (he adopted this less grandiose spelling of his family name when he became an adult) [6] began his schooling at age eleven, enrolling in the Lyc\u00e9e Louis-le-Grand . His mother died when he was thirteen, and his father and grandfather became the main influences on him for the remainder of his youth. [PAR] Degas began to paint early in life. By the time he graduated from the Lyc\u00e9e with a baccalaur\u00e9at in literature in 1853, at age 18, he had turned a room in his home into an artist's studio. Upon graduating, he registered as a copyist in The Louvre Museum, but his father expected him to go to law school"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ray Bradbury Death: Does paper really burn at 451 degrees ... Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 book cover from 1976. [PAR] Publisher: Grafton. Illustrator: Steve Crisp. [PAR] Author Ray Bradbury died on Tuesday. He named his most famous book, Fahrenheit 451 , after \u201cthe temperature at which book-paper catches fire , and burns.\u201d Does paper really burn at 451 degrees Fahrenheit? [PAR] Not quite. Bradbury\u2019s title refers to the auto-ignition point of paper \u2014the temperature at which it will catch fire without being exposed to an external flame. In truth, there\u2019s no authoritative value for this. Experimental protocols differ, and the auto-ignition temperature of any solid material is a function of its composition, volume, density, and shape, as well as its time of exposure to the high temperature. Older textbooks report a range of numbers for the auto-ignition point of paper, from the high 440s to the low 450s, but more recent experiments suggest it\u2019s about 30 degrees hotter than that. By comparison, the auto-ignition temperature of gasoline is 536 degrees, and the temperature for charcoal is 660 degrees. [PAR] It would take a few minutes for a sheet of paper to burst into flames upon being placed in a 480-degree oven, and much longer than that for a thick book. The dense material in the center of a book would shunt heat away from the outside edges, preventing them from reaching the auto-ignition temperature. This is also why it takes so long for a campfire to reduce a log to ashes. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Bradbury asserted that \u201cbook-paper\u201d burns at 451 degrees, and it's true that different kinds of paper have different auto-ignition temperatures. Experiments have found, for example, that the auto-ignition temperature for newspaper is about four degrees lower than that of the filter paper used in chemistry laboratories. Some of this difference is attributable to composition, but it also has to do with density. Materials that are full of air heat up quickly and reach the ambient air temperature faster than solids. Glossy magazines are likely the most resistant to auto-ignition, although there isn\u2019t a lot of experimental data on this. The paper is relatively dense and coated with a thin layer of plastic. Most plastics auto-ignite at higher temperatures than paper. [PAR] Although paper ignites at around 480 degrees Fahrenheit, it gets far hotter once it\u2019s burning. The temperature at the center of a paper fire is 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit, give or take a couple hundred. The tips of the flames themselves are usually between 600 and 800 degrees. [PAR] Several Internet contrarians claim that Bradbury confused Celsius and Fahrenheit , putting his estimate off by 391 Fahrenheit degrees. They cite as evidence the Handbook of Physical Testing of Paper , which lists paper\u2019s ignition temperature as 450 degrees Celsius. (Wikipedia cites the same source .) It\u2019s not entirely clear how this number was arrived at, but it is an extreme outlier. The author appears to have used paper made with rayon or cotton, which could have a different auto-ignition temperature from pure wood pulp paper, but 450 degrees Celsius still sounds wrong. It\u2019s also possible that the experimenters didn\u2019t wait long enough or that they (and not Bradbury) switched Celsius and Fahrenheit. [PAR] Got a question about today\u2019s news? Ask the Explainer . [PAR] Explainer thanks Vytenis Babrauskas of DoctorFire.com , David G. Lilley of Oklahoma State University and Alexander Morgan of the University of Dayton Research Institute. Thanks also to reader Linda Whitson for asking the question. [PAR] Brian Palmer covers science and medicine for Slate.[DOC] [TLE] Fahrenheit 451: The Temperature at Which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ugly Duckling eBook by H. C. Andersen - Kobo The Ugly Duckling eBook by H. C. Andersen - 9788771073089 | Kobo [PAR] Show more [PAR] Show less [PAR] Tale of the little swan, growing up in the yard with geese and suffers much cruelty, before being joined by a swan family. [PAR] The famous and much-loved Danish author Hans Christian Andersen celebrated his 200 anniversary the year 2005. [PAR] On this occasion we have published five of his best tales retold for children aged 3-9 years and with new illustrations: Tinderbox, The Little Match Girl, The Nightingale, The Emperor's New Clothes and The Ugly Duckling. [PAR] Hans Christian Andersen wrote The Ugly Duckling in 1844. [PAR] Buy the eBook"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 16 Facts About 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe ... 16 Facts About 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe' | Mental Floss [PAR] 16 Facts About 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe' [PAR] darchwonders [PAR] In the 1940s, Oxford University professor C.S. Lewis struggled and fought to complete The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Little did he know that his novel would become a best seller, lead to six sequels, and still be widely read decades later. Here are some things you may not know about this long-lived children\u2019s classic. [PAR] 1. The story was inspired by an image of a faun. [PAR] From age 16 onward, Lewis often found himself imagining \u201ca Faun carrying an umbrella and parcels in a snowy wood.\u201d According to his short essay It All Began With A Picture [ PDF ], the image continued to come to him until, at age 40, he said to himself, \u201cLet's try to make a story about it.\u201d [PAR] 2. The book was also inspired by three girls who lived with Lewis during World War II. [PAR] In 1939, three girls, Margaret, Mary, and Katherine, were evacuated from London because of anticipated bombings and sent to live with Lewis in the countryside for a short time. This situation seems to be the inspiration for the four children\u2014Susan, Peter, Edmund, and Lucy\u2014being sent to live with the old Professor in the book. [PAR] 3. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe took 10 years to write. [PAR] Lewis started in 1939 and finished in 1949. The novel was published in 1950. [PAR] 4. The story was floundering until Lewis invented Aslan the lion. [PAR] Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Lewis wasn\u2019t sure what to do with the book until \u201cAslan came bounding into it.\u201d He\u2019d been having dreams of lions, and found that putting Aslan in \u201cpulled the whole story together, and soon He pulled the six other Narnian stories in after Him.\u201d [PAR] Incidentally, Aslan means \"lion\" in Turkish. [PAR] 5. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien were in a writing group called The Inklings. [PAR] While both writers were working on fantasy novels\u2014Lewis on Narnia and Tolkien on The Lord of the Rings\u2014they met every Monday morning to talk about writing. Others started to join them, and soon the group swelled to 19 men, so they started meeting on Thursday evenings to share and discuss their work. [PAR] 6. Lewis destroyed the first version of the book because his friends didn\u2019t like it. [PAR] Before 1947, Lewis wrote a draft of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe with four children named Ann, Martin, Rose, and Peter. The reaction of his friends to the story was discouraging, to say the least. He said in a letter, \u201cIt was, by the unanimous verdict of my friends, so bad that I destroyed it.\u201d [PAR] 7. Lucy is a real person. [PAR] owenbarfield.org [PAR] Lucy is based on Lucy Barfield, Lewis\u2019s goddaughter, and the daughter of Owen Barfield. She was 4 years old when he started the book and 14 when he finished it. [PAR] In the dedication to Lucy, he said, \u201cSomeday you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again. You can then take it down from some upper shelf, dust it, and tell me what you think of it.\u201d [PAR] 8. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is a \u201cmagical doorway\u201d story. [PAR] As the term suggests, this is a story where a door or other opening allows a character to leave the real world and enter a magical world. Other magical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1976: Crime writer Agatha Christie dies - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 12 | 1976: Crime writer Agatha Christie dies [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1976: Crime writer Agatha Christie dies [PAR] The most popular novelist in the world, Dame Agatha Christie, has died leaving rumours of a multi-million pound fortune and a final book waiting to be published. [PAR] The British author, who sold an estimated 300 million books during her lifetime, had been in poor health for several years. She died at her home in Wallingford in Oxfordshire, aged 85. [PAR] Two London theatres dimmed their lights this evening - St Martin's where her record-breaking \"The Mousetrap\" is now in its 24th year and the Savoy, where \"Murder at the Vicarage\" will have its 200th performance next week. [PAR] Dame Agatha is believed to have left one last novel, as yet unpublished, featuring one of her most famous characters, the deceptively clever Miss Marple, as well as an autobiography. [PAR] Police search [PAR] During her lifetime, Dame Agatha published 83 books, including novels, romances written under the pseudonym of Mary Westmacott, short stories, poetry and the scripts for her plays. [PAR] She married Colonel Archibald Christie in 1914. While he was away during the war she worked as a nurse at her local hospital in Torquay, where she learned about the poisons that later featured in so many of her crime novels. [PAR] Dame Agatha established her name as a crime writer with her first detective book in 1920, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, in which she created her much-loved Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot. [PAR] In December 1926 she sparked a police search when her car was found abandoned in a chalk pit at Newlands Corner on the Surrey Downs. [PAR] It emerged she and her husband had had a row. Several days later she turned up in a hotel in Harrogate booked in under the name of a woman who was revealed to be her husband's mistress. [PAR] She divorced and married again, well-known archaeologist Sir Max Mallowan, and divided her life between several country and town homes, archaeological digs and the regular production of one thriller a year. [PAR] She was made a Dame of the British Empire in 1971. [PAR] Newspaper estimates of her fortune vary, but in the late 1950s she was reputed to be earning about \ufffd100,000 a year. [PAR] The hugely successful play Mousetrap - first written as a radio sketch called Three Blind Mice for the 80th birthday of Queen Mary - is said to have made more than \ufffd3m. She gave the proceeds to her only grandson, Matthew Prichard. [PAR] She was known to be a shrewd businesswoman, anxious to avoid leaving too much of her personal fortune to the taxman. [PAR] She once said: \"I only write one book a year now, which is sufficient to give me a good income. If I wrote more, I'd enlarge the finances of the Inland Revenue who would spent it mostly on idiotic things.\" [PAR] In 1955 she formed a company, Agatha Christie Ltd and to save its dividends from tax, she later sold 51% to Booker McConnell, a firm best known as sugar giants but also with other investments including authors' copyrights."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britain's only poisonous snake, the Adder, in danger of ... Britain's only poisonous snake, the Adder, in danger of dying out | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Adders are now an endangered species because their hibernation sites are being destroyed, snake experts have warned. [PAR] Scientists say Britain's only poisonous snake is in more urgent need of help than any other reptile or amphibian species in the UK. [PAR] A conference of conservationists met at the Greenwich University campus in Chatham, Kent, at the weekend to discuss ways of saving the once common snake. [PAR] Endangered: A black adder, Vipera berus, in Sussex. Snakes like this are now extinct in a number of British counties [PAR] It backed a plan to create a website for a survey project in which volunteers monitor snake numbers at their local sites. [PAR] Adders are rapidly declining in numbers and the species is already extinct in some counties, including Nottinghamshire and Warwickshire. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] One of the biggest threats is damage to hibernation sites, such as rabbit holes and tree roots. [PAR] Herpetologist Dr Chris Gleed-Owen told the Daily Telegraph: 'The adder is an enigmatic snake, steeped in history and folklore, from the druids to Shakespeare and Arthurian legend. [PAR] An adder being tested as government conservation agency Natural England, the Zoological Society of London and Oxford University carry out health checks on wild snakes earlier this year [PAR] TREAD CAREFULLY: ADDER FACTS [PAR] The adder can be recognised by the distinctive 'V' or 'X' marking on its head and zig-zag stripe across its back. [PAR] The snakes are often found in open heathland and dense woods. [PAR] They are not aggressive animals and will only resort to using venom as a last means of defence if captured - or trodden on. [PAR] Within hours of a bite, symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, vomiting and painful swelling. [PAR] The venom is rarely fatal but any bite should be taken seriously. [PAR] 'It would be tragic to see it disappear.' [PAR] Despite the drop in numbers, there is anecdotal evidence among vets of an increase in people and pets being bitten by adders this year. [PAR] In July, two dogs died in Essex after being bitten by poisonous adders that were out in unusually large numbers because of the hot weather. [PAR] There have been 14 known fatalities among humans in Britain since 1876. [PAR] The last was a five-year-old child who died in 1975. [PAR] Several anti-venoms are now available which limit the effects to nausea and drowsiness, followed by severe bruising and swelling around the bite. [PAR] Dogs and other pets are more susceptible to the venom because they are smaller than humans. [PAR] And treatment is often delayed because owners often don't realise what is wrong at first.[DOC] [TLE] BBC Nature - Adder videos, news and facts BBC Nature - Adder videos, news and facts [PAR] Adder [PAR] Adder [PAR] Adders are the only venomous snakes found in Britain, although they are absent from Ireland. They use their venom to immobilise prey such as lizards, amphibians, nestlings and small mammals. After striking their prey, they leave the venom to take effect before following the victim\u2019s scent to find the body. Although an adder\u2019s venom poses little danger to a healthy adult human, the bite is very painful and requires urgent medical attention. Adders are the most northerly distributed snake and the only species found inside the Arctic circle."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Great Britain - Hard Facts Puzzles - Great Britain [PAR] ... which you don't hear called 'Great' so often these days. [PAR] 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? [PAR] 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? [PAR] 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? [PAR] 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? [PAR] 5. The popular British pub name \"The Royal Oak\" is named after which King? [PAR] 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? [PAR] 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? [PAR] 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? [PAR] 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? [PAR] 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? [PAR] 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? Adder [PAR] 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? Frau Battenberg's coronation [PAR] 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? Edinburgh [PAR] 5. The popular British pub name \"The Royal Oak\" is named after which King? Charles II who hid in oak trees after losing battles [PAR] 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? Cymru [PAR] 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? [PAR] Ought to be Cutty Sark (\"short shift\" [PAR] ) [PAR] 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? [PAR] Oxford (unless you're talking to someone from Cambridge ... ) [PAR] 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? [PAR] The Dee? [PAR] 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? [PAR] Ah ha! I know this, having been a recent tourist to: [PAR] York [PAR] [and we definitely think very highly of Great Britain, which is, in fact, a great place!] [PAR] Frau Battenberg! [PAR] well done all [PAR] 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? [PAR] The rapids below Niagara Falls"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur's Seat (Edinburgh, Scotland): Top Tips Before You ... Arthur's Seat (Edinburgh, Scotland): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Neighbourhood Profile [PAR] Southside & Holyrood [PAR] Many of Edinburgh\u2019s student hangouts gather around university buildings in Southside, the sort of neighbourhood that supports a long string of second-hand shops and eateries serving ethnic food for just a few pounds. In August the student population is replaced by vast numbers of boisterous visitors here for the Fringe, Edinburgh\u2019s world-class comedy and arts festival which headquarters itself here. Flanking Southside are two great parks. The Meadows is a vast flat and sporty space where football, rugby, tennis, cricket, croquet, and golf often all take place side by side. Kids in its big playgrounds add to the joyful noise. Far bigger and much wilder, Holyrood Park extends to the east and provides a real hike up Arthur\u2019s Seat, but the district is best known as the site of Scotland\u2019s Parliament and its premier Royal Palace\u2014and their steady stream of sightseers.[DOC] [TLE] Arthur's Seat (Edinburgh, Scotland): Top Tips Before You ... Arthur's Seat (Edinburgh, Scotland): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Neighborhood Profile [PAR] Southside & Holyrood [PAR] Many of Edinburgh\u2019s student hangouts gather around university buildings in Southside, the sort of neighborhood that supports a long string of second-hand shops and eateries serving ethnic food for just a few pounds. In August the student population is replaced by vast numbers of boisterous visitors here for the Fringe, Edinburgh\u2019s world-class comedy and arts festival which headquarters itself here. Flanking Southside are two great parks. The Meadows is a vast flat and sporty space where football, rugby, tennis, cricket, croquet, and golf often all take place side by side. Kids in its big playgrounds add to the joyful noise. Far bigger and much wilder, Holyrood Park extends to the east and provides a real hike up Arthur\u2019s Seat, but the district is best known as the site of Scotland\u2019s Parliament and its premier Royal Palace\u2014and their steady stream of sightseers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Pub Signs - a history of pub names in Britain British Pub Signs - a history of pub names in Britain [PAR] History > English Culture > Pub Signs and Names [PAR] British Pub Signs - a short history [PAR] Signs From The Spirit World [PAR] By Elaine Saunders [PAR] Lord Nelson sign [PAR] Everyone loves an \u201cOlde Worlde\u201d pub with its oak beams, horse brasses and roaring log fires. Nevertheless, no matter how old the pub itself, the name on the sign outside is probably the most historic thing about the place. [PAR] The idea of the pub sign came to Britain at the time of the Roman invasion. Wine bars in ancient Rome hung bunches of vine leaves outside as trading signs but when the Romans came here, they found precious few vines in the inhospitable climate. Instead, they hung up bushes to mark out the inns and the names Bush or Bull & Bush still survive. [PAR] What\u2019s in a name? [PAR] It would be centuries before the first recognisable pubs opened. Religious houses ran the earliest true inns to cater for pilgrims and knights on their way to the Crusades in the Holy Land. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem, whose cellars are carved from the rocks beneath Nottingham Castle, is just such an example. Established in 1189, it claims the title of the oldest pub in England and was a stopover point for forces on their way to meet with Richard the Lionheart. Other signs on this theme are the Turk\u2019s Head, Saracen\u2019s Head and Lamb & Flag \u2013 the lamb representing Christ and the flag the sign of the crusaders. [PAR] Even after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th Century, some of the names denoting religious connections survived, such as the Mitre, the Ship (symbolising the Ark) and the Anchor (the Christian faith). However, many of the landlords thought it more politic to show allegiance to the monarch and hastily adopted titles like the King\u2019s Head or the Crown. Henry VIII who ordered the Dissolution is, unsurprisingly, the most popularly depicted monarch. [PAR] Heraldry has been a recurrent theme, the Black, White, Red and Golden Lions have formed part of the royal coat of arms since the time of the Norman Conquest. The Unicorn was in the Scottish arms, the Red Dragon in the Welsh and the White Horse in the Hanoverian. The Rising Sun was the badge of Edward III. Local gentry often had pubs on their land named after them or parts of their cognizance were taken. [PAR] Anyone who caught the public imagination was likely to be immortalised such as Lord Nelson or Wellington and even loveable rogues like Dick Turpin get a mention. [PAR] Marquis of Granby [PAR] One of the most affectionate tributes is reserved for the Marquis of Granby, Commander in Chief of the British army. After the Battle of Warburg, he bought pubs for all his non-commissioned officers. His generosity ruined him however and he died in 1770 leaving crushing debts of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd37,000. [PAR] Sporty Names [PAR] In the days of a largely illiterate population, pictorial signs were an essential way of advertising the inn or the type of entertainment on offer inside. Any pub called the Cock Inn or the Cock Pit would once have been a venue for cock fighting. Ye Old Fighting Cocks in St Albans (which also claims to be the oldest pub in Britain) was originally the dovecote for St Albans Abbey. After the Dissolution, it was realised that its circular shape made it a perfect venue for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the oldest university in Britain? | Reference.com What is the oldest university in Britain? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the oldest university in Britain? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The University of Oxford is the oldest university in Britain. While there is no precise date for its founding, the university has existed in some form since 1096. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The University of Oxford grew out of a tradition of famous teachers travelling to the area to give lectures. Students would travel to Oxford to hear the lectures and meet with other students. The University received a boost in 1167 after King Henry II banned his subjects from studying overseas in France. All students were required to return home and many ended up in Oxford. The first Chancellor, Robert Grosseteste, was appointed in 1214."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Great Britain - Hard Facts Puzzles - Great Britain [PAR] ... which you don't hear called 'Great' so often these days. [PAR] 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? [PAR] 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? [PAR] 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? [PAR] 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? [PAR] 5. The popular British pub name \"The Royal Oak\" is named after which King? [PAR] 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? [PAR] 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? [PAR] 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? [PAR] 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? [PAR] 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? [PAR] 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? Adder [PAR] 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? Frau Battenberg's coronation [PAR] 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? Edinburgh [PAR] 5. The popular British pub name \"The Royal Oak\" is named after which King? Charles II who hid in oak trees after losing battles [PAR] 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? Cymru [PAR] 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? [PAR] Ought to be Cutty Sark (\"short shift\" [PAR] ) [PAR] 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? [PAR] Oxford (unless you're talking to someone from Cambridge ... ) [PAR] 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? [PAR] The Dee? [PAR] 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? [PAR] Ah ha! I know this, having been a recent tourist to: [PAR] York [PAR] [and we definitely think very highly of Great Britain, which is, in fact, a great place!] [PAR] Frau Battenberg! [PAR] well done all [PAR] 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? [PAR] The rapids below Niagara Falls"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Assassination of the Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval ... The Assassination of the Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval | The Public Domain Review [PAR] ..or BROWSE BY TAG [PAR] The Assassination of the Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval [PAR] Only once has a British Prime Minister been assassinated. Two hundred years ago, on the 11th May 1812, John Bellingham shot dead the Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval as he entered the House of Commons. David C. Hanrahan tells the story. [PAR] Illustration of the shooting, artist unknown. (Source: Norris Museum) [PAR] On Monday 11 May, 1812, an unremarkable, anonymous man, just over forty years of age, made his way to the Houses of Parliament. The man had become a frequent visitor there over the previous few weeks, sitting in the gallery of the House of Commons and carefully examining the various members of the government through his opera glasses. At 5.00 p.m. on this particular day he walked into the lobby that led to the House of Commons and sat near the fireplace. No-one could have known that he was carrying, concealed on his person, two loaded pistols. [PAR] As it was a fine evening Mr. Spencer Perceval, the Tory First Lord of the Treasury, or Prime Minister, had decided to dispense with his carriage and walk from No. 10, Downing Street, to the Houses of Parliament. He arrived there around 5.15pm, entered the building and walked down the corridor towards the lobby entrance to the House of Commons. He handed his coat to the officer positioned outside the doors to the lobby. [PAR] As Mr. Perceval entered the lobby a number of people were gathered around in conversation as was the usual practice. Most turned to look at him as he came through the doorway. No-one noticed as the quiet man stood up from beside the fire place, removing a pistol from his inner pocket as he did so. Neither did anyone notice as the man walked calmly towards the Prime Minister. When he was close enough, without saying a word, the man fired his pistol directly at Mr. Perceval\u2019s chest. The Prime Minister staggered forward before falling to the ground, calling out as he did so words that witnesses later recalled in different ways as: \u201cI am murdered!\u201d or \u2018Murder, Murder\u2019 or \u2018Oh God!\u2019 or \u2018Oh my God!\u2019 [PAR] Amid the confusion, a number of people raised Mr. Perceval from the ground and carried him into the nearby Speaker\u2019s apartments. They placed him in a sitting position on a table, supporting him on either side. Most ominously, the Prime Minister had not uttered a single word since falling on the floor of the lobby, and the only noises to have emanated from him since had been a few pathetic sobs. After a short time Mr. Smith MP, on failing to find any perceptible sign of a pulse, announced his terrible conclusion to the group of stunned onlookers that the Prime Minister was dead. [PAR] The Assassination of Spencer Perceval, illustration by Walter Stanley Paget (1861-1908) from Cassell's Illustrated History of England. Vol.5 (1909) [PAR] Before long Mr. William Lynn, a surgeon situated at No. 15 Great George Street, arrived on the scene and confirmed that Mr. Smith was indeed correct. The surgeon noted the blood all over the deceased Prime Minister\u2019s coat and white waistcoat. His examination of the body revealed a wound on the left side of the chest over the fourth rib. It was obvious that a rather large pistol ball had entered there. Mr. Lynn probed an instrument into the wound and found that it went"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the tallest type of grass in the world ... What is the tallest type of grass in the world? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the tallest type of grass in the world? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Woody bamboo, or Bambuseae poaceae, falls within the family of grasses and represents the tallest variety, with some species typically reaching more than 100 feet in height. Bamboo is found largely in warmer or tropical climates and can grow an astonishing 100 feet tall in just three months. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Because of bamboo's remarkable rate of growth and also its high tensile strength, close to that of steel in some species, it is used in a variety of human applications. These include everything from food and drink to construction, as reinforcement for concrete. [PAR] The next tallest form of grass is miscanthus, also called elephant grass or Ugandan grass. It is native to the grasslands of East Africa. It typically grows up to 10 feet in height and can reach up to 22 feet. It resembles bamboo in many respects and is a perennial plant. Miscanthus is most often used for animal fodder, but is also being developed as an alternative to corn in biofuel production. [PAR] Both bamboo and miscanthus are native to tropical regions. In North America are only used in gardening, landscaping or agriculture in the southernmost regions. In many parts of the world; however, bamboo in particular is an integral part of the lifestyle and it is estimated that more than half the world's population uses bamboo in one form or another every day."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dendrologist - definition of dendrologist by The Free ... Dendrologist - definition of dendrologist by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Dendrologist - definition of dendrologist by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dendrologist [PAR] Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to dendrologist: dendrological [PAR] The botanical study of trees and other woody plants. [PAR] den\u2032dro\u00b7log\u2032ic (-dr\u0259-l\u014fj\u2032\u012dk), den\u2032dro\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal adj. [PAR] den\u00b7drol\u2032o\u00b7gist n. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Trees [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] A Africa B Asia C North America D South America QUESTION 12 - for 12 points: What does a dendrologist study? [PAR] Kids page [PAR] As regards biological experiences, architects must work with the biologist and the dendrologist and in cooperation with them, we can provide a rich experience of nature, where birds, plants and other organisms are flourishing together. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Dendrology | Article about dendrology by The Free Dictionary Dendrology | Article about dendrology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Dendrology | Article about dendrology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/dendrology [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Wikipedia . [PAR] dendrology [PAR] the branch of botany that is concerned with the natural history of trees and shrubs [PAR] Dendrology [PAR] [PAR] a branch of botany that studies tree species (trees, shrubs, and low shrubs), the main elements of forest biogeocenoses. Dendrology evolved as an independent discipline from other branches of botany (morphology, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, plant ecology, and so forth). [PAR] The first works on dendrology appeared in the middle of the 18th century and were limited to descriptions of the morphological and taxonomic features of the plants along with a reference to the geographic range of the species. In the late 19th and early 20th century botanist-taxonomists and foresters began to play an important part in the development of dendrology. Among them were the Russian investigators I. I . Lepekhin, S. P. Krasheninnikov, A. F. Middendorf, P. S. Pallas, K. I. Maksimovich, E. L. Regel\u2019, la. S. Medvedev, and G. F. Morozov; the German botanists L. Beissner and J. Fitschen; the American floristics expert and taxonomist A. Rehder; and the English botanist E. Sargeant. As more knowledge was gained in dendrology, it became necessary to describe the array of trees and shrubs\u2014those that are wild, cultivated, or promising for cultivation\u2014in terms of their biology and ecology, ranges, methods of cultivation, industrial properties of the wood, and resistance to diseases and pests and to indicate their suitability for landscaping. Thus, in the USSR the survey Trees and Shrubs of the USSR (vols. 1-7, 1949-65, Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) describes 2,883 species that grow in the USSR and 2,177 species of imported trees and shrubs. Surveys on a regional scale have also been published on the trees and shrubs of the Ukraine, Byelorussia, the Caucasus, Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Middle Asia, the Far East, Sakhalin, and so forth. Similar works appeared abroad in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Bulgaria, and other countries. Monographs were subsequently issued on genera and species; this was due to the development of general biology and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 15 of the Largest Animals in the World \u00abTwistedSifter 15 of the Largest Animals in the World \u00abTwistedSifter [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder of baleen whales. At 30 metres (98 ft) in length and 180 metric tons (200 short tons) or more in weight, it is the largest known animal to have ever existed. The Blue Whale\u2019s tongue weighs around 2.7 metric tons (5,952 pounds), about the size of an average Asian Elephant and its heart weighs about 600 kg (1,300 lb) and is the largest known in any animal. Not only is the heart similar size to a mini-cooper car but also comparable in weight. [PAR] [PAR] The Blue Whale is thought to feed almost exclusively on small, shrimp-like creatures called Krill. During the summer feeding season the Blue Whale gorges itself, consuming an astounding 3.6 metric tons (7,900 pounds) or more each day. This means it may eat up to 40 million krill a day with a daily calorie requirement of an adult Blue Whale in the region of 1.5 million. [ Source ] [PAR] [PAR] The Heaviest Land Animal in the World: The African Bush Elephant [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The African Bush Elephant is the largest living terrestrial (land) animal, with males reaching 6 to 7.5 metres (19.7 to 24.6 ft) in length, 3.3 metres (10.8 ft) in height at the shoulder, and weighing 6 t (13,000 lb). Females are much smaller, reaching 5.4 to 6.9 metres (17.7 to 22.6 ft) in length, 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) in height at the shoulder, and weighing 3 t (6,600 lb). The adult African bush elephant generally has no natural predators due to its great size, but the calves (especially the newborn) are vulnerable to lion and crocodile attacks, and (rarely) to leopard and hyena attacks. [ Source ] [PAR] [PAR] The Tallest Land Animal in the World: The Giraffe [PAR] [PAR] Photograph by Luca Galuzzi \u2013 www.galuzzi.it [PAR] [PAR] The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal and the tallest living terrestrial animal in the world. It stands 5\u20136 m (16\u201320 ft) tall and has an average weight of 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) for males and 830 kg (1,800 lb) for females. The giraffe has an extremely elongated neck, which can be over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in length, accounting for nearly half of the animal\u2019s vertical height. The long neck results from a disproportionate lengthening of the cervical vertebrae, not from the addition of more vertebrae. [ Source ] [PAR] [PAR] The Largest Carnivora in the World: The Southern Elephant Seal [PAR] [PAR] Photograph by DAVID SHACKELFORD [PAR] [PAR] The Southern elephant seal is the largest carnivore living today. This seals\u2019 size shows extreme sexual dimorphism, possibly the largest of any mammal, with the males typically five to six times heavier than the females. While the females average 400 to 900 kilograms (880 to 2,000 lb) and 2.6 to 3 meters (8.5 to 9.8 ft) long, the bulls average 2,200 to 4,000 kilograms (4,900 to 8,800 lb) and 4.5 to 5.8 meters (15 to 19 ft) long. The record-sized bull, shot in Possession Bay, South Georgia on February 28, 1913, measured 6.85 meters (22.5 ft) long and was estimated to weigh 5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb). [PAR] [PAR] Southern elephant seals dive repeatedly, each time for more than twenty minutes, to hunt their prey\u2014squid and fish\u2014 at depths of 400 to 1,000 meters (1,300 to 3,300 ft). The documented diving records for the seals are nearly two hours for the duration, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Water Cycle : Feature Articles - NASA Earth Observatory The Water Cycle : Feature Articles [PAR] The Water Cycle [PAR] By Steve Graham, Claire Parkinson, and Mous Chahine Design by Robert Simmon October 1, 2010 [PAR] Viewed from space, one of the most striking features of our home planet is the water, in both liquid and frozen forms, that covers approximately 75% of the Earth\u2019s surface. Geologic evidence suggests that large amounts of water have likely flowed on Earth for the past 3.8 billion years\u2014most of its existence. Believed to have initially arrived on the surface through the emissions of ancient volcanoes, water is a vital substance that sets the Earth apart from the rest of the planets in our solar system. In particular, water appears to be a necessary ingredient for the development and nourishment of life. [PAR] Earth is a water planet: three-quarters of the surface is covered by water, and water-rich clouds fill the sky. (NASA.) [PAR] Water, Water, Everywhere [PAR] Water is practically everywhere on Earth. Moreover, it is the only known substance that can naturally exist as a gas, a liquid, and solid within the relatively small range of air temperatures and pressures found at the Earth\u2019s surface. [PAR] Water is the only common substance that can exist naturally as a gas, liquid, or solid at the relatively small range of temperatures and pressures found on the Earth\u2019s surface. Sometimes, all three states are even present in the same time and place, such as this wintertime eruption of a geyser in Yellowstone National Park. (Photograph \u00a92008 haglundc. ) [PAR] In all, the Earth\u2019s water content is about 1.39 billion cubic kilometers (331 million cubic miles), with the bulk of it, about 96.5%, being in the global oceans. As for the rest, approximately 1.7% is stored in the polar icecaps, glaciers, and permanent snow, and another 1.7% is stored in groundwater, lakes, rivers, streams, and soil. Only a thousandth of 1% of the water on Earth exists as water vapor in the atmosphere. [PAR] Despite its small amount, this water vapor has a huge influence on the planet. Water vapor is a powerful greenhouse gas, and it is a major driver of the Earth\u2019s weather and climate as it travels around the globe, transporting latent heat with it. Latent heat is heat obtained by water molecules as they transition from liquid or solid to vapor; the heat is released when the molecules condense from vapor back to liquid or solid form, creating cloud droplets and various forms of precipitation. [PAR] Water vapor\u2014and with it energy\u2014is carried around the globe by weather systems. This satellite image shows the distribution of water vapor over Africa and the Atlantic Ocean. White areas have high concentrations of water vapor, while dark regions are relatively dry. The brightest white areas are towering thunderclouds. The image was acquired on the morning of September 2, 2010 by SEVIRI aboard METEOSAT-9. [Watch this animation (23 MB QuickTime) of similar data to see the movement of water vapor over time.] (Image \u00a92010 EUMETSAT. ) [PAR] Estimate of Global Water Distribution [PAR] Volume (1000 km3)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] elephants have four knees - QI : Quite Interesting QI : Quite Interesting [PAR] If your knees aren't green by the end of the day, you ought to seriously re-examine your life. [PAR] BILL WATTERSON [PAR] Knees [PAR] MAURICE CHEVALIER (1888-1972) [PAR] When you hit 70 you sleep sounder, you feel more alive than when you were 30. Obviously it's healthier to have women on your mind than on your knees. [PAR] Elephant Knees [PAR] What looks like the elephant's front knees are actually its wrists. There's a popular internet factoid which states that the elephant is the only animal which has four knees. But it doesn't; it has two knees at the back, and elbows and wrists at the front, exactly like other quadrupeds. Elephants, horses, dogs and all other quadruped mammals have two knees and two elbows. Almost all mammals have basically the same skeletal structure because we are descended from common ancestors. [PAR] What you can see in the middle of a horse's front leg gets called the knee but is actually its wrist \u2013 a knee joins the femur (thighbone) and the tibia (shinbone) whereas a wrist joins the radius (forearm) and the carpus (the bit the digits are joined to). The bit between its body and the middle of the leg is the forearm. What we think of as the 'lower leg' is analogous to our third metacarpal - the bone linking our wrist to our middle finger. Horses walk around on the equivalent of their middle fingers. [PAR] There's a misconception that birds' knees bend in the wrong direction but it's just the same as with any other animal. Birds' legs look like they're backwards because we're actually looking at their ankles. Birds' knees are right by their bodies and normally covered by feathers, and their ankles are well off the ground. Their knees bend exactly like ours do. [PAR] Bees' Knees [PAR] Bees do have knees. They definitely have joints in their legs, and they have femurs and tibia \u2013 the bones which the knee joins in humans. They don't have kneecaps, however \u2013 so while the joints in bees' legs aren't quite 'knees' as we know them, they are still knees by our reckoning. [PAR] In the 18th century, saying something was 'no bigger than a bee's knee' used to mean it was very small. The modern phrase 'the bee's knees' seems just to have been a nonsense phrase. The world's smallest ever advertisement (promoting the Guinness World Records website) was a knee band which was fitted to a bee's knee in November 2000. It was the width of a human hair. [PAR] CLEMENT FREUD (1924-2009) ON HIS ARTIFICIAL KNEES [PAR] When propositioned recently by a woman to 'come upstairs and make love', I had to explain that it was one or the other. [PAR] The hollow behind your knee is called a hough. [PAR] The adjective 'geniculate' means 'bent like a knee'. [PAR] Tutankhamun's Knee [PAR] In 2005, a CAT scan of Tutankhamun's mummy showed that rather than being murdered by his brother, he may have died from an infected knee. [PAR] Knee Jerk [PAR] The \u2018knee-jerk\u2019 reaction when you\u2019re tapped on the knee with a hammer tests an interaction between the thigh muscle and the spinal cord, and does not involve the brain. As it\u2019s a \u2018mono-synaptic response\u2019 (i.e. the impulse only has to jump from one nerve to another, once) there are very few variables in play, which is what makes it such a useful test. [PAR] [PAR] It\u2019s not just a matter of seeing if your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frederick G. Banting - Biographical - Nobel Memorial Prize ... Frederick G. Banting - Biographical [PAR] Frederick G. Banting [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923 [PAR] Frederick G. Banting, John Macleod [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Frederick G. Banting - Biographical [PAR] Frederick Grant Banting was born on November 14, 1891, at Alliston, Ont., Canada. He was the youngest of five children of William Thompson Banting and Margaret Grant. Educated at the Public and High Schools at Alliston, he later went to the University of Toronto to study divinity, but soon transferred to the study of medicine. In 1916 he took his M.B. degree and at once joined the Canadian Army Medical Corps, and served, during the First World War, in France. In 1918 he was wounded at the battle of Cambrai and in 1919 he was awarded the Military Cross for heroism under fire. [PAR] When the war ended in 1919, Banting returned to Canada and was for a short time a medical practitioner at London, Ontario. He studied orthopaedic medicine and was, during the year 1919-1920, Resident Surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. From 1920 until 1921 he did part-time teaching in orthopaedics at the University of Western Ontario at London, Canada, besides his general practice, and from 1921 until 1922 he was Lecturer in Pharmacology at the University of Toronto. In 1922 he was awarded his M.D. degree, together with a gold medal. [PAR] Earlier, however, Banting had become deeply interested in diabetes. The work of Naunyn, Minkowski, Opie, Schafer, and others had indicated that diabetes was caused by lack of a protein hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. To this hormone Schafer had given the name insulin, and it was supposed that insulin controls the metabolism of sugar, so that lack of it results in the accumulation of sugar in the blood and the excretion of the excess of sugar in the urine. Attempts to supply the missing insulin by feeding patients with fresh pancreas, or extracts of it, had failed, presumably because the protein insulin in these had been destroyed by the proteolytic enzyme of the pancreas. The problem, therefore, was how to extract insulin from the pancreas before it had been thus destroyed. [PAR] While he was considering this problem, Banting read in a medical journal an article by Moses Baron, which pointed out that, when the pancreatic duct was experimentally closed by ligatures, the cells of the pancreas which secrete trypsin degenerate, but that the islets of Langerhans remain intact. This suggested to Banting the idea that ligation of the pancreatic duct would, by destroying the cells which secrete trypsin, avoid the destruction of the insulin, so that, after sufficient time had been allowed for the degeneration of the trypsin-secreting cells, insulin might be extracted from the intact islets of Langerhans. [PAR] Determined to investigate this possibility, Banting discussed it with various people, among whom was J.J.R. Macleod , Professor of Physiology at the University of Toronto, and Macleod gave him facilities for experimental work upon it. Dr. Charles Best, then a medical student, was appointed as Banting's assistant, and together, Banting and Best started the work which was to lead to the discovery of insulin. [PAR] In 1922 Banting had been appointed Senior Demonstrator in Medicine at the University of Toronto, and in 1923 he was elected to the Banting and Best Chair of Medical Research, which had been endowed by the Legislature of the Province of Ontario. He was also appointed Honorary Consulting Physician to the Toronto General Hospital, the Hospital"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Driest, Lowest and Hottest Land in North America: the ... The Driest, Lowest and Hottest Land in North America: the Death Valley [PAR] The Driest, Lowest and Hottest Land in North America: the Death Valley [PAR] GO [PAR] Dec 1, 2007 12:31 GMT \u00b7 By Stefan Anitei \u00b7 [PAR] Share: [PAR] With a length of 225 km (140 mi) and a width of 8-24 km (5-15 mi), the Death Valley, located in eastern California and western Nevada, is the driest, lowest and hottest land in North America. At Furnace Creek, the air temperature reached 57?C and that of the soil 94?C, with just 6?C under the water boiling point. This value was overcome just in Libya (58oC), still, the average summer temperature is the highest in the Death Valley, turning it into the hottest point of the planet. [PAR] The average annual rainfall amount is under 50 mm but some years are totally devoid of rainfall. This is the lowest ground in the Western Hemisphere, 86 m (290 ft) under the sea level at the place of a salt-water lake, Badwater. Mount Whitney is just 140 km (88 mi) away, 4,418 m (14,730 ft) tall, the highest in North America, except for Alaska. [PAR] In 1850, small amounts of gold were found at Salt Spring. Silver, copper and lead too were found in the area. Mining towns grew sprouted everywhere: Bullfrog, Greenwater, Rhyolite, and Skidoo. But after the deposits were gone, these cities remained empty. [PAR] In 1880, borax, a white crystalline compound used for making soap and other products was found in the Valley of Death. This discovery triggered the highest economical boom of the valley. Till 1888, crews made of 18 mules and 2 horses made the 270 km (170 mi) till the Mojave Town driving each two waggons loaded with borax, each 5 m (17 ft) long. Because of the unsupportable heat, both for men and animals, the transport was stopped from June to September. [PAR] In 1933, the Death Valley was declared national monument and extended gradually, having now 1.3 million hectares. In 1994, The Death Valley National Park was created, one of the largest in US. [PAR] The name is misleading, as hundreds of species inhabit or visit the area. Still, many are nocturnal, avoiding the heat of the midday. The largest native mammal is the desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), inhabiting the surrounding mountains. Inside the valley live pumas, badgers, bats, bobcats, coyotes, swift foxes (Vulpes velox), skunks, porcupines, rabbits, poached mice, bewildered donkeys, lizards, snakes and tortoises. Birds to be found here are falcons, quails, ravens, vultures and others. [PAR] The most resistant animals of the valley are the poached mice: they can live all their life without drinking a droplet of water. They get the necessary water by burning the starch and fats extracted from the dry seeds they consume. Their urine is five times more concentrated than the humans'. During the day, these mice stay hidden inside their galleries, foraging during the night. [PAR] There are over 1,000 species of flowering plants living in the valley. There are even trees, like Yucca. Shoshone Indians inhabiting the valley used them both as food and for making tools. [PAR] From time to time, the valley blooms as the seeds waiting in the soil react to the right temperature and rainfall. But there can be several years without a flower. [PAR] During the winter between 2004 and 2005, the valley experienced the highest rainfall ever, thrice the average. Over 50 species bloomed, like larkspurs, lilacs, orchids, poppies, sunflowers, vervains and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which letters in the alphabet are used most often ... Which letters in the alphabet are use... | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Shire horse [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Haflinger [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Cayuse [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Fallabella [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Lhasa apso [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Criollo [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Fell pony [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Sorrel [PAR] Which of the following is a type of horse? [PAR] Tarpan [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FEATURES OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY - Light Omega Features of the Statue of Liberty [PAR] FEATURES OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY [PAR] [PAR] Why is it important that the Statue of Liberty hold a torch in her hand? It is to demonstrate the power of light over darkness, of hope over despair, of welcome over the forces of rejection. The torch of hope which the Statue holds points the way through the darkest night, through the fiercest storms, through the rages of war and the times of peace, through rain and snow, and through all that would attempt to extinguish her light. She is invincible because her strength comes from God. She is tireless, because her mission comes from God. She is fearless, because she holds God's light in her torch and knows its strength. [PAR] Why is it important that the Statue hold a tablet in her hand? Because she upholds justice as well as liberty, and the tablet she holds affirms the principles articulated in the Declaration of Independence - its date emblazoned on the tablet: July 4, 1776. This tablet honors the fundamental principles by which men must live and according to which they shall be judged, namely, that \"all men are created equal, endowed by their Creator with the inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.\" The Statue of Liberty upholds these principles symbolized by her tablet, while also upholding the victory of hope against all forces of oppression that shall attempt to undo them. [PAR] Why does she wear a crown of seven rays on her head? It is to signify the seven rays of God that manifest the physical Universe and the consciousness of souls. These seven rays are aspects of consciousness which Liberty has mastered or contains. They are the foundation for her thought, her awareness, and they link her in each of the seven ways with the consciousness of God. [PAR] Why does she wear a flowing gown? She is dressed in this garment of mythology and antiquity to show her majesty and authority as well as her relationship with goddesses of the past. The timelessness of her gown points to her own timelessness - her linking of past, present, and future. Her crown also symbolizes majesty, and along with the gown reveals her Divine origin and eternal mission - to be the source of light and hope for mankind.[DOC] [TLE] The Statue of Liberty - Infoplease The Statue of Liberty [PAR] History and Government > U.S. Historical Monuments [PAR] The Statue of Liberty [PAR] The Statue of Liberty (\u201cLiberty Enlightening the World\u201d) is a 225-ton, steel-reinforced copper female figure, 151 ft 1 in. (46.05 m) in height, facing the ocean from Liberty Island1 in New York Harbor. The right hand holds aloft a torch, and the left hand carries a tablet upon which is inscribed: \u201cJuly IV MDCCLXXVI.\u201d [PAR] The statue was designed by Fred\u00e9ric Auguste Bartholdi of Alsace as a gift to the United States from the people of France to memorialize the alliance of the two countries in the American Revolution and their abiding friendship. The French people contributed the $250,000 cost. [PAR] The 150-foot pedestal was designed by Richard M. Hunt and built by Gen. Charles P. Stone, both Americans. It contains steel underpinnings designed by Alexander Eiffel of France to support the statue. The $270,000 cost was borne by popular subscription in this country. President Grover Cleveland accepted the statue for the United States on Oct. 28, 1886. [PAR] The Statue of Liberty was designated a National Monument in 1924 and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Furlong to Yard Conversion (furlong to yd) Furlong to Yard Conversion (furlong to yd) [PAR] Furlong to Yard Conversion (furlong to yd) [PAR] Please enter furlong (furlong) value of length unit to convert furlong to yard. [PAR] Furlong (furlong) [PAR] How Many Yard in a Furlong? [PAR] There are 220 yard in a furlong. [PAR] 1 Furlong is equal to 220 Yard. [PAR] 1 furlong = 220 yd [PAR] Furlong Definition [PAR] A furlong is a unit of length or distance, commonly used in the US, the UK, Australia, and some other countries of the world. The origin of this unit name goes back in time to the epochs of Alngo-Saxon farming communities. A furlong is equal to 1/8th of a mile, as well as 220 yards or 660 feet. [PAR] Convert Furlong [PAR] Yard Definition [PAR] The Imperial system recognizes a yard as a linear measurement unit for measuring length or distance. Yard is commonly used in modern US system of measurement. A yard is equal to 36 inches or 3 feet. Both units of yard and inch have been used since the 13th century. [PAR] About furlong to yd Converter [PAR] This is a very easy to use [PAR] furlong to yard converter [PAR] . First of all just type the furlong (furlong) value in the text field of the conversion form to start converting furlong to yd, then select the decimals value and finally hit convert button if auto calculation didn't work. Yard value will be converted automatically as you type. [PAR] The decimals value is the number of digits to be calculated or rounded of the result of furlong to yard conversion."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diamond Birthstone | April Birthstone | Diamond Gemstone Diamond Birthstone | April Birthstone | Diamond Gemstone [PAR] Diamonds [PAR] Mohs scale hardness: 10 [PAR] Diamonds (means \"unbreakable\" in Greek) are crystallized carbon created under extreme heat and pressure, carbon in its most concentrated form. Diamonds are the hardest substance in nature and the only gemstone composed of a single element. Diamonds are not only hardest gemstone but also the farest light reflected among the gems. Even though diamond is only one level higher on the Moh's scale than corundum, diamond can be anywhere from ten to hundreds of times harder than this class of gems. It is the molecular structure that makes diamonds so hard (carbon atoms linked together in a lattice structure). These transparent crystals are also notable for its high dispersion index and high thermal conductivity. It has been associated with purity and fearlessness since ancient times and, more recently, with love. [PAR] Where Do Diamonds Come From [PAR] Diamonds formed deep within the earth\u2019s crust (90 miles or about 150 km down) and reach the surface via volcanoes, when magma from far below the surface begins coming up. Once this magma cools, a rock known as kimberlite is formed (the rock which mostly diamonds are found). By the time they reach to the surface of the earth, most of the diamonds are over a billion years old (a diamond could be the oldest material you might own because of this fact). The carbon in diamond may either come from exclusively organic source (called eclogitic diamonds), non-organic source (called harzburgitic diamonds) or a blend of the two. The diamond\u2019s atomic structure gives it the property of being the hardest gemstone, mineral or substance known to man, synthetic or natural. Diamond will preserve its sharp corners and edges even after many years of constant wear while most other gemstones will have become chipped and worn. [PAR] What Makes Diamonds So Hard [PAR] Diamond structures follow the cubic crystal system, which is very resistant to any further transformation. It is made up of carbon atoms rearanged into tetrahedron shapes, although sometimes hexagonal-shaped diamonds are also found but not as common. Theoretically, an impressive diamond crystal can be composed of only one giant moleculle of carbon. As the most lustrous of true gems, diamonds have a briliant luster and exhibit dazzling color flashes caused by dispersion (also known as \u201cfire\u201d). The dispersion happen when light passes through a diamond and splits into the colors of the spectrum. The \u2018brilliant cut\u2019 is the most valuable and preferred cut in diamonds, it is a special cut designed to brinng out the most \u201cfire\u201d in the stone. [PAR] Interesting Diamond Facts [PAR] Diamonds are probably the most desired gemstones in the world. The diamonds is also used to celebrate the 60th wedding anniversary. The oldest diamond ever found was from India. Diamonds are thought to have been first recognized and mined in India and began its colorful history there, where the gems have been mined and set into jewelry since at least 400 B.C. No other diamonds have generated the mystique and supernatural power equal to that associated with the great diamonds of India's past. When looking for diamonds, think of \"5Cs\" which is carat, cut, color, clarity and certificate. Although we often think of diamonds as being clear, there are also blue, red, black, pale green, pink and violet diamonds. These natural colored diamonds are the truly rare ones, and thereby can sometimes be the most costly. [PAR] However, diamonds are expected to be unbreakable by many people. This is not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Zealand Flag, Flags of New Zealand - Tourism New Zealand Flag, Flags of New Zealand [PAR] Home \u00bb New Zealand Travel \u00bb Key Facts \u00bb New Zealand Flag [PAR] The New Zealand Flag [PAR] The official New Zealand flag was first used in 1869. It is based on the British blue ensign with the Union Flag (also known as the Union Jack) in the upper left corner, and four red stars with white borders to the right. These stars represent the constellation of Crux, the Southern Cross, as it seen from New Zealand. [PAR] Initially used only on government ships, it wasn't until 1902 that it was made the official flag of New Zealand. [PAR] The need for an official New Zealand flag was first recognised when a New Zealand trading vessel was seized by customs officials in Sydney harbour. The ship had been sailing without a flag, which was a violation of British navigation laws. However New Zealand-built ships could not fly under a British flag as New Zealand was not yet a British colony. [PAR] This incensed Maori, as two important chiefs were on the ship that was seized, and the call for an official New Zealand flag gained impetus. [PAR] Flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand [PAR] The first New Zealand flag was adopted on 9 March 1834 after a vote made by the United Tribes of New Zealand. One of three flags that were initially proposed, this flag became known as the Flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand. [PAR] To Maori, the United Tribes flag signified that Britain had recognised New Zealand as an independent nation with its own flag, and had acknowledged the mana of the Maori chief. [PAR] The flag is still flown at Waitangi, site of the signing of New Zealand's founding document, The Treaty of Waitangi. [PAR] The Union Jack [PAR] Following the signing of the Treaty on 6 February 1840, which effectively made New Zealand a British colony, the Union Jack replaced the Flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand as the official flag. [PAR] However some Maori believed that they should have the right to fly the United Tribes flag alongside the Union Jack, and viewed the Union Jack as a symbol of British power over Maori. [PAR] The Union Jack remained New Zealand's flag until the passing of the New Zealand Ensign Act instituted the current flag in 1902, yet was still used regularly in New Zealand well into the 1950s. [PAR] Other New Zealand Flags [PAR] The Silver Fern [PAR] The silver fern flag is often seen at sporting fixtures involving New Zealand teams or individuals. There are many variations, but it is typically the image of a silver fern on a black background. Although it has no formal recognition, many regard it as the unofficial flag of New Zealand. [PAR] A symbol of national pride, the silver fern emblem is also incorporated into the logos of many New Zealand sporting teams, including the All Blacks rugby team. [PAR] For several years, some people in New Zealand have been calling for a change to the official New Zealand flag that signifies New Zealand's independence from Britain. [PAR] Several variations of the silver fern flag have appeared in support of this call for a new national flag. [PAR] Tino Rangatiratanga [PAR] Since 1990, the Tino rangatiratanga flag has been used by some Maori as an alternative to the official New Zealand flag, and a symbol of Maori independence. Tino rangatiratanga's closest English translation is self-determination, although some refer to it as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Military Alphabet - TV Tropes Military Alphabet - TV Tropes [PAR] Military Alphabet [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] YMMV [PAR] Also called a spelling alphabet or a phonetic alphabet, (not to be confused with the entirely different International Phonetic Alphabet, [PAR] ) this is a system of assigning to each letter of the alphabet a word that begins with that letter. This way, if something has to be spelled over a radio, telephone, etc. there is much less chance of the wrong information being transmitted. [PAR] The military, police departments and radio operators all make frequent use of this. Phone-based customer service and technical support also use it, but with more informal construction (any word will do), for the same reasons. (The formal ones specifically pick words themselves which all sound distinct from all the others with poor sound quality.) The most common alphabets are shown below, from A to Z. [PAR] NATO [PAR] Zebra [PAR] Zebra [PAR] The NATO version is near universal in the modern age, because it is also used for civil aviation throughout the whole world (for which English is the only official language). In addition, if the NATO system is being used, expect the digit 3 to be pronounced \"tree\"; 4 to be pronounced \"fo-wer\" to distinguish from \"for\", 5 to be pronounced \"fife\" so it won't be confused with \"fire\"; and 9 to be pronounced \"niner\", to keep it distinct from \"nein\", German for \"no\" (as well as from \"five,\" as the two are indistinguishable otherwise over a distorted signal). [PAR] This is used almost exclusively in modern military shows. Non-military shows which use it will usually stick to A-E, since they are more recognizable. Exclusively military shows tend to use more of the letters. [PAR] Military units will sometimes use one of the letters as their designation (for example, 'Bravo Company'). Individual personnel may refer to themselves or others in the military alphabet over radios; \"Echo-6-Charlie\" would be someone whose pay-grade is E-6, with a last name beginning with the letter C. (Alternately, the number is code for a position withing the unit. 6 usually is the commander.) [PAR] And that's without getting into the ones used in other languages... [PAR] For satirical purposes, an anti phonetic alphabet [PAR] can be used, for example Inspector Clouseau's \"J as in jalapeno\". Another set, named \"Fanatic Alphabet\", can be found here. [PAR] Examples [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Fox Item Love Mike (Film) [PAR] Flight of the Intruder uses this for a bit of a Genius Bonus : A character uses \"Alpha Mike Foxtrotnote \"Adios, Mother Fuckers\"\" to sign off after calling in an airstrike on himself because the North Vietnamese were using him as bait for rescue choppers. [PAR] Hot Shots! had a very funny parody of the phonetic alphabet. [PAR] Jim 'Wash Out' Pfaffenbach: Alpha Velveeta Knuckle Underwear, you are cleared for take-off. When you hit that nuclear weapons plant... drop a bomb for me! [PAR] Lt. Commander Block: Uh, Sphincter Mucus Niner Ringworm, roger! [PAR] The highway patrol in Super Troopers use a unique version when reading license plates over the radio. With inherently funny words like \"eunuch\". [PAR] George Clooney's character in The Men Who Stare at Goats . \"We're Oscar Mike. That's 'on the move' soldier.\" Approximately coincides with the popularity of Generation Kill and Modern Warfare 2. [PAR] Die Hard 2 uses military alphabet when referring to the plane that is bringing General Esperanza to the United States. It is designated FM (Foreign"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Flat Earth Theory - Skeptoid The Flat Earth Theory [PAR] [PAR] The Flat Earth Theory [PAR] http://skeptoid.com/audio/skeptoid-4338.mp3 [PAR] [PAR] Today we're going to point the skeptical eye at a series of beliefs that are said to be about the shape of the Earth. The Flat Earth Society is well known, and widely assumed to be a group of people who lobby the idea that the Earth is not actually a globe. While this is described as an ancient, pre-scientific belief, it's increasingly common today to point out that very few ancient societies who had any meaningful science actually believed the Earth was flat. We're going to try and sort all this out, to see who actually believes what today, and who actually believed what going back through history. Perhaps of the greatest interest is the question of why certain beliefs were adopted in cases where the observations conflicted with the dogma. [PAR] The Flat Earth Society does indeed exist, but its current incarnation is quite a bit different today than what was originally founded. It's had a spotty history, having never really been much more than a newsletter mailing list, and it's only been around since 1956. While that seems quite recent compared to how long the flat Earth theory must have been around, it's actually a large chunk of it. For it wasn't until the mid-1800s that any sort of an organized flat Earth lobby existed; in fact even the very idea that people ever thought the Earth was flat is only a few years older than that. [PAR] An entire mythology has arisen claiming that authorities used to believe the Earth was flat. It's not clear how or exactly when this myth was born, but examples are easy to find. A case in point was the 1919 Boys' and Girls' Reader, in which the very first sentence of the very first chapter on history was: [PAR] When Columbus lived, people thought the Earth was flat. [PAR] This author may have been inspired by Washington Irving, the author of such tales as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip van Winkle, who also wrote a book called The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1828. Irving's narrative included a scene where Columbus had to pitch a royal commission on his voyage; an event which Irving had to entirely invent, as the actual minutes of any such meeting were never recorded. Irving wrote: [PAR] To his simplest proposition, the spherical form of the earth, were opposed figurative texts of scripture. They observed, that in the Psalms, the heavens are said to be extended like a hide ... extended over the earth, which they thence inferred must be flat. [PAR] However, Irving knew that this did not, in fact, represent the state of knowledge in the day. For a few lines later, in the very same paragraph (which is never cited by promoters of the claim), Irving also spoke of the more learned members of the commission: [PAR] Others, more versed in science, admitted the globular form of the earth, [but] ... they observed, that the circumference of the earth must be so great as to require at least three years to the voyage... [PAR] Older examples exist as well. Even Thomas Jefferson was fooled by the myth, wrongly writing in 1784 that: [PAR] Galileo was sent to the inquisition for affirming that the earth was a sphere: the government had declared it to be as flat as a trencher. [PAR] Even the popular meme of \"Turtles all the way down\", in supposed reference to an ancient"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Most Conductive Element? - About.com Education What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] The Element That Is the Best Conductor of Electricity [PAR] Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of any element. Alchemist-hp, Creative Commons License [PAR] Updated March 09, 2016. [PAR] Question: What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to transmit energy. There are different types of conductivity, including electrical conductivity , thermal conductivity and acoustical conductivity. Here is a look at the three most electrically conductive elements. As you might expect, all three conductive elements are metals. [PAR] Answer: The most electrically conductive element is silver , followed by copper and gold. Silver also has the highest thermal conductivity of any element and the highest light reflectance. Although it is the best conductor , copper and gold are used more often in electrical applications because copper is less expensive and gold has a much higher corrosion resistance. Because silver tarnishes, it is less desirable for high frequencies because the exterior surface is less conductive. [PAR] As to why silver is the best conductor, the answer is that its electrons are more free to move than those of the other elements. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] This has to do with its valence and crystal structure. [PAR] Most metals conduct electricity. Other elements with high electrical conductivity, are aluminum, zinc, nickel, iron and platinum. Brass and bronze are electrically conductive alloys , rather than elements. [PAR] Table of the Conductive Order of Metals [PAR] This list of electric conductivity includes alloys as well as pure elements. Because the size and shape of a substance affects its conductivity, the list assumes all samples are the same size. [PAR] Rank [PAR] Factors That Affect Electrical Conductivity [PAR] Certain factors can affect how well a material conducts electricity. [PAR] Temperature - Changing temperature of silver or any other conductor alters its conductivity. In general, increasing the temperature causes thermal excitation of the atoms and decreases conductivity (increases resistivity). The relationship is linear, but it breaks down at low temperatures. [PAR] Impurities - Adding an impurity to a conductor decreases its conductivity. For example, sterling silver is not as good of a conductor as pure silver. Oxidized silver is not as good a conductor as untarnished silver. Impurities hinder electron flow. [PAR] Crystal Structure and Phases - If there are different phases within a material, conductivity will slow slightly at the interface and may be different from one structure than another. The way a material has been processed can affect how well it conducts electricity. [PAR] Electromagnetic Fields - Conductors generate their own electromagnetic fields when electricity runs through them, with the magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field. External electromagnetic fields can produce magnetoresistance, which can slow the flow of current. [PAR] Frequency - The number of oscillation cycles an alternating electrical current completes per second is its frequency in hertz. Above a certain level, a high frequency can cause current to flow around a conductor rather than through it (skin effect). Since there is no oscillation and hence no frequency, the skin effect does not occur with direct current. [PAR] Learn More[DOC] [TLE] Which metal is the best conductor of electricity ... Which metal is the best conductor of electricity? | Reference.com [PAR] Which metal is the best conductor of electricity? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Silver is the most electrically and thermally conductive metal."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Einstein, Albert - U.S. Immigration and Migration ... Einstein, Albert - Dictionary definition of Einstein, Albert | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary [PAR] Einstein, Albert [PAR] U.S. Immigration and Migration Reference Library [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group, Inc. [PAR] Albert Einstein [PAR] Physicist [PAR] \"The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.\" [PAR] A lbert Einstein was already a world-famous scientist when he immigrated to the United States in 1933. Over his lifetime, he had three nationalities: German, Swiss, and American. He also was Jewish, which led him to support the founding of the state of Israel. But as the top physicist in the twentieth century, Einstein in some ways rose above nationalities to become a citizen of the world. His story as a world citizen cast a different light on the larger subject of emigration and migration across national borders. [PAR] Not a promising young student [PAR] Albert Einstein was the son of a middle-class Jewish businessman. Einstein was born in Germany, a country that had been unified into a single state only eight years before his birth. Previously, a group of kingdoms, of which Prussia was the largest, had occupied the territory brought together into a single kingdom in 1870. When he was a boy, Einstein's father, Hermann, moved his family to Munich, where he and a brother opened a factory manufacturing electrical equipment. The family later moved to Milan, Italy, in 1894, before Einstein had graduated from high school. [PAR] Einstein did not have a reputation as a brilliant or even an excellent student. He was regarded as rebellious, a young man who preferred to study topics in math and science that interested him and to ignore assignments that did not. He paid a price for his independent streak in 1895, when the prestigious Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich rejected his application. Einstein spent a year studying subjects in which he was considered weak. He was finally admitted to the Swiss university in 1896 with the intention of becoming a teacher of physics and math. [PAR] Even then, Einstein did not impress all of his teachers. He graduated in 1901 and became a Swiss citizen, but he could not find a teaching job without the recommendation of all his teachers. Instead, Einstein got a job working for the Swiss government, examining applications for patents. (A patent is a claim by an inventor for the exclusive right, during a limited period of time, to use an invention to make money. Applications are examined to make sure the so-called invention really is new.) Einstein's job required technical knowledge, but it is often represented as a low-grade clerical job. It did not enjoy the prestige of a teaching post at a major university, but it did allow Einstein plenty of free time to work on his first love, which was physics, and to enjoy his marriage in 1903 to Mileva Maric of Hungary, a student Einstein had met at the Institute of Technology. The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1919. Einstein later married his widowed cousin, Elsa Einstein, whom he had known since he was a child. [PAR] 1905: The year of sudden acclaim [PAR] The story of Albert Einstein is not one of a scientist working for years to develop a new explanation for the world he sees around him. To the contrary, just a few years out of Zurich, Einstein published a series of scientific papers in a single year\u20141905\u2014that permanently established his reputation as one of the modern world's great scientists on a par with Galileo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cool math .com - Polygons - Hexagons - properties ... Cool math .com - Polygons - Hexagons - properties, interior angles [PAR] Properties of hexagons, interior angles of hexagons [PAR] Polygons: Properties of Hexagons [PAR] Sum of the Interior Angles of a Hexagon: [PAR] To find the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon, divide it up into triangles... There are four triangles... Because the sum of the angles of each triangle is 180 degrees... We get [PAR] So, the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon is 720 degrees. [PAR] Regular Hexagons:The properties of regular hexagons: [PAR] All sides are the same length (congruent) and all interior angles are the same size (congruent). [PAR] To find the measure of the interior angles, we know that the sum of all the angles is 720 degrees (from above)... And there are six angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the interior angle of a regular hexagon is 120 degrees. [PAR] The measure of the central angles of a regular hexagon: [PAR] To find the measure of the central angle of a regular hexagon, make a circle in the middle... A circle is 360 degrees around... Divide that by six angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the central angle of a regular hexagon is 60 degrees. [PAR] A regular hexagon is made up of 6 equilateral triangles! [PAR] Popular Topics[DOC] [TLE] Sum of interior angle of a hexagon. (6-side polygon) thx ... Sum of interior angle of a hexagon. (6-side polygon) thx | eNotes [PAR] Sum of interior angle of a hexagon. (6-side polygon) thx [PAR] neela | High School Teacher | (Level 3) Valedictorian [PAR] Posted on [PAR] December 10, 2009 at 12:17 AM [PAR] The sum of the interior angles of a hexagon is 720 dgrees. [PAR] You can have 6 triangles in a hexagon if you join vertices to the centre. So on account six triangles 6*180 degrees minus the angle at the centre which is 360. or 180*6-360 = 720 degrees is the sum of the interor angles of a six sided polygon or hexagon. [PAR] In a hexagon,ABCDEFA, join AD, now the sum of interior angles of ABCDEFA is equal to the sum of the interior angles of 2 quadrolaterals,ABCD and ADEF or 360+360 =720 degrees. [PAR] You can also think, if ABCDEFA is a hexagon, then the hexagon contains triangle ABC+triangleDEF +a qdrilateral ACDF whose sum of interior angles is equal to the interior angles of the hexagon.But the sum of the angles of two triangles and a quadrilateral is 2*180+360 dgrees = 720 degrees.Therefore, the sum of the interir angles of a hexagon is 720 degrees. [PAR] like 0 dislike 0 [PAR] Sum of interior angles of any polygon of having n sides sides equal to 2n-4 right angles. [PAR] A hexagon has 6 sides, or we can say for a hexagon n = 6. [PAR] Therefore sum of internal angles of a hexagon is: [PAR] = 2*6 - 4 = 12 - 4 = 8 right angles. [PAR] In degrees this can be represented as 8*90 = 720 degrees. [PAR] In this way we can calculate the sum of interior angles of different polygons as follows: [PAR] Triangle --> 2*3 - 4 = 6 - 4 = 2 Right Angles. [PAR] Rectangle --> 2*4 - 4 = 8 - 4 = 4 Right Angles. [PAR] Pentagon --> 2*5 - 4 = 10 - 4 = 6 Right Angles. [PAR] Octagon --> 2*8 - 4 = 16 - 4 = 12 Right Angles. [PAR] like 0 dislike 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] the most common blood type - American Red Cross Blood Types Chart | Blood Group Information | American Red Cross [PAR] Printable Version [PAR] Blood Types [PAR] Although all blood is made of the same basic elements, not all blood is alike. In fact, there are eight different common blood types, which are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens \u2013 substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient's immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching. [PAR] The ABO Blood Group System [PAR] There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens \u2013 A and B \u2013 on the surface of red blood cells: [PAR] Group A \u2013 has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) [PAR] Group B \u2013 has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma) [PAR] Group AB \u2013 has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) [PAR] Group O \u2013 has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma) [PAR] There are very specific ways in which blood types must be matched for a safe transfusion. See the chart below: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( \u2013 ). In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients. [PAR] The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood type. [PAR] The universal plasma donor has Type AB blood type. [PAR] Blood Types and the Population [PAR] O positive is the most common blood type. Not all ethnic groups have the same mix of these blood types. Hispanic people, for example, have a relatively high number of O\u2019s, while Asian people have a relatively high number of B\u2019s. The mix of the different blood types in the U.S. population is:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Californium - Element information, properties and uses ... Californium - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table [PAR] Chemistry in its element: californium [PAR] (Promo) [PAR] You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by Chemistry World, the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry. [PAR] (End promo) [PAR] This week, let's go surfing. [PAR] Brian Clegg [PAR] What comes to mind when you think of California? Surfing and the Beach Boys? Hollywood and Governor Schwarzenegger? The University of California at Berkeley has ensured that California also has its place in the periodic table with element 98, the tenth of the actinides, californium. [PAR] Although it seems perfectly sensible to celebrate the location where it was discovered, californium's name was, in fact, a failure for the team behind its production. Glen T. Seaborg and his co-workers had named americium to parallel the lanthanide above it in the periodic table, europium. They went on to name curium and berkelium in a way that was also derived from the equivalent lanthanide. So, for instance, the actinide berkelium was named after Berkeley because the lanthanide above it, terbium, was named after the Swedish village Ytterby where it was quarried. [PAR] When it came to californium, an artificial element first produced in 1950, the equivalent lanthanide would be dysprosium, which comes from the Greek for 'hard to get.' After some head-scratching, Seaborg and his team gave up on the search for an equivalent and just went for the location of the lab. They had already discarded a list of names including cyclotronium and cyclonium, after the device used in producing the first californium, along with the more than a little cheesy radlabium, reflecting the team's origins as part of the radiation laboratory or rad lab. [PAR] They did, though, manage a neat bit of rationalization, arguing that they paralleled dysprosium's 'hard to get' meaning because 'the searchers for another element a century ago found it difficult to get to California.' This referred to the state's inaccessibility during the nineteenth century gold rush. [PAR] The first isotope of californium produced was californium 245, with a half life of just 44 minutes. The team battered a target of curium with alpha particles using a cyclotron, an early type of particle accelerator still in use today, particularly in medical applications. The cyclotron accelerates charged particles using electrodes that switch rapidly between attracting and repelling as the particles spiral around a circular chamber until they collide with a target. In this case the collision produced californium and a spare neutron. [PAR] The most stable of californium's 20 or so produced isotopes is californium 251, which has a half life of 898 years, though many of the isotopes have half-lives measured in minutes. It's most often made now by starting with berkelium 249 and adding neutrons in a nuclear reactor. Although this is a purely artificial element here on earth, it may exist in space as one of the many by-products of supernovas. [PAR] When it comes to practical uses, this slivery substance is an excellent neutron emitter. This makes it handy for kick-starting nuclear reactors, where a high neutron flow is required to get the chain reaction going. It also means that, in principle, californium would make effective small scale nuclear weapons, requiring as little as five kilograms of californium 251 to achieve critical mass - about half the amount of plutonium required for a bomb - but in practice it is so fiddly to produce that even at this scale it is unlikely to be used. [PAR] As well as providing the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1974 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1974 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] ELLEN BURSTYN in \"Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore\", Diahann Carroll in \"Claudine\", Faye Dunaway in [PAR] \"Chinatown\" , Valerie Perrine in \"Lenny\", Gena Rowlands in \"A Woman Under the Influence\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] ROBERT DE NIRO in [PAR] \"The Godfather, Part II\" , Fred Astaire in \"The Towering Inferno\", Jeff Bridges in \"Thunderbolt and Lightfoot\", Michael V. Gazzo in [PAR] \"The Godfather, Part II\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] INGRID BERGMAN in \"Murder on the Orient Express\", Valentina Cortese in \"Day for Night\", Madeline Kahn in \"Blazing Saddles\" , Diane Ladd in \"Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore\", Talia Shire in [PAR] Director: [PAR] FRANCIS FORD COPPOLA for [PAR] \"The Godfather, Part II\" , John Cassavetes for \"A Woman Under the Influence\", Bob Fosse for \"Lenny\", Roman Polanski for [PAR] \"Chinatown\" , Francois Truffaut for \"Day for Night\" [PAR] The Best Picture victor, [PAR] The Godfather, Part II , shifted back and forth over six decades in time to retrace the story of the same Corleone family and how it was founded. Simultaneously, it documented the rise to power of young Vito Corleone (Robert De Niro) and the family's decline a generation later through the aging son (Michael Corleone). [PAR] It was the only sequel to win a Best Picture Oscar at the time of its win. [An earlier unsuccessful attempt at a sequel-Best Picture win was The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) - following the Best Picture winner of the previous year - Going My Way (1944). Later, its 'sequel' The Godfather, Part III (1990) was also nominated for Best Picture - and lost, and two sequel-installments of The Lord of the Rings (2002, 2003) were also nominated, with the latter winning the top honor. Some might consider the Best Picture-winning The Silence of the Lambs (1991) as a sequel to Manhunter (1986) , but that stretches the definition of a true sequel.] [PAR] It also accomplished a marvelous feat - it did exceptionally well with double the total number of Oscars than its predecessor - with eleven nominations and six wins (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor (Robert DeNiro), Best Screenplay Adaptation, Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, and Best Original Dramatic Score (by Nino Rota and the director's own father Carmine Coppola)). It duplicated its predecessor's feat of three nominations for Best Supporting Actor (for Lee Strasberg, Michael V. Gazzo, and winner DeNiro). [PAR] Five of its six un-rewarded nominations were for acting roles. [PAR] [Francis Ford Coppola had previously won two Oscars for himself - for the Best Story and Screenplay for Patton (1970) and the Best Adapted Screenplay (a shared award) for [PAR] The Godfather (1972) . With his new honors in 1974, he would add three more awards: Best Picture (as producer), Best Director, and Best Screenplay Adaptation (again shared with Mario Puzo). It was an unprecedented win for Coppola - three Oscars for writing, producing, and directing the same film.] [PAR] (Note: A triple win had also occurred for Leo McCarey in 1944, Billy Wilder in 1960, James L. Brooks in 1983, and would later occur for James Cameron in 1997.) [PAR] For the first time since 1951, when individual producers rather than companies were cited in the Best Picture nominations, both producers Francis Ford Coppola (and Fred Roos) were honored by receiving two Best Picture nominations in the same year, for Coppola's The Conversation (1974) and for their shared winner: [PAR] The Godfather (1972) . This occurred for the second time in 2010. [PAR] This was also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Be afraid, be very afraid - meaning and origin. 'Be afraid, be very afraid' - the meaning and origin of this phrase [PAR] Famous Last Words [PAR] Browse phrases beginning with: [PAR] Be afraid, be very afraid [PAR] Meaning [PAR] Ostensibly, a warning that something dangerous is imminent. In reality, this is usually said with comic intent. The thing being warned of is more likely to be mildly unwelcome than actually dangerous; for example, \"That fierce librarian was asking about your overdue books - be afraid, be very afraid.\" [PAR] Origin [PAR] This phrase originated in the 1986 horror film The Fly, written by the Canadian David Cronenberg and starring Jeff Goldblum (as Seth Brundle) and Geena Davis (as Veronica Quaife). The shortened expression 'be very afraid' was already in use in the USA prior to 1986; for example, it was used in the television series All My Children in 1970. [PAR] The plot of The Fly has Brundle as a scientist experimenting with teleportation. The scientist is brilliant but eccentric and, naturally, the casting director thought of Goldblum. Just as naturally, before we get far into the film, the experiments begin to go wrong. [PAR] Quaife is a reporter working on the teleportation story. When it becomes clear that Brundle is starting to turn into an insect, he pleads with one of the characters \"don't be afraid\" and Quaife's response is: [PAR] \"No. Be afraid. Be very afraid.\" [PAR] An example of one of the few phrases in English that contains punctuation. [PAR] This was used as a tag line in the film's publicity posters. They also used, \"Half man, half insect ... total terror!\" and \"Something went wrong in the lab today... something very wrong\". David Cronenberg, George Langelaan and Charles Edward Pogue were the writers on the film, with the storyline being provided by George Langelaan. [PAR] It is the imagery of portentous warnings from the Bible and literature that the film's screenwriters called on to give weight to the line; for example, Shelley's sonnet, Ozymandias: [PAR] \"My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings: [PAR] Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!\" [PAR] There are many similar examples from the Bible, including Isaiah 32:11-11 ( King James Version ): [PAR] \"Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones ...\" [PAR] Of course, 'be' and 'afraid' are common enough words to have appeared together many times before that, as in Macbeth, 1605: [PAR] I will not be afraid of death and bane, [PAR] Till Birnam forest come to Dunsinane. [PAR] For the use of 'be afraid' as a stand-alone warning, we go back to the Bible. In Romans 13:4-4, in the King James Version , we find: [PAR] \"For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil.\" [PAR] Twenty years has been long enough for the phrase to have been taken into the language, and it is now well enough established to have the shortened form of simply 'be afraid'.[DOC] [TLE] In which movie trailer does the phrase \"Be Afraid Be Very ... In which movie trailer does the phrase \"Be Afraid Be Very Afraid.\" appear in? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] In which movie trailer does the phrase \"Be Afraid Be Very Afraid.\" appear in? [PAR] Kevin Alders, Dallas USA [PAR] The film was The Fly, starring Jeff Goldblum. [PAR] Roger,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Voice Compare: Aladdin - Genie | Behind The Voice Actors Voice Compare: Aladdin - Genie | Behind The Voice Actors [PAR] Franchise: Aladdin [PAR] In 1992 Walt Disney released an animated film called Aladdin that would become the most successful film for that year. [PAR] One of the huge selling points was that Robin Williams would voice the Genie. Williams worked for SAG scale pay on condition that his name or image not be used for marketing, and the Genie wouldn't take more than 25% of space on any advertising artwork. Williams main reason for doing the role was gratitude for his success with the Disney/Touchstone film Good Morning, Vietnam. The studio however did not meet these requests and Williams and Disney had a falling-out. [PAR] For Aladdin: The Return of Jafar in 1994, Genie was voiced by well known voice actor Dan Castellaneta who is perhaps best known as the voice of Homer Simpson. Castellaneta also provides the voice of Genie for the Aladdin TV series and the Kingdom Hearts video game series. [PAR] When certain individuals were fired from Disney and new people were hired, it was a fresh start to fix the rift between Robin Williams and Disney. After a public apology Williams forgave Disney and agreed to reprise the role of Genie for the third film Aladdin and the King of Thieves. Dan Castellaneta who had previously recorded dialogue for the film had his work redone by Robin Williams. [PAR] Genie of Aladdin will forever be a significant role that changed the voice acting business. The success of Aladdin was one of many films that eventually started a trend of famous Hollywood celebrities as the stars of an animated film rather than using performers with more experience in voice acting. With better potential box office success and good tools for marketing, the use of well known stars working in animation has greatly increased in the 21rst century. [PAR] Whether you agree or not with this growing sensation where A-List celebrities are hired over more qualified voice actors for animated films probably originated from this character. [PAR] Created by Jackson_H on Dec 2 2009 [PAR] Special thanks to Music Meister for additional sound clips."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 18 January 2017 6:08 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ( 1968 ) [PAR] G | [PAR] A down-on-his-luck inventor turns a broken-down Grand Prix car into a fancy vehicle for his children, and then they go off on a magical fantasy adventure to save their grandfather in a far-off land. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 08 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A magical nanny helps bring the two children she's in charge of closer to their father through songs and magical adventures. [PAR] Director: Robert Stevenson [PAR] An apprentice witch, three kids and a cynical conman search for the missing component to a magic spell useful to the defense of Britain. [PAR] Director: Robert Stevenson [PAR] Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. [PAR] Director: Mel Stuart [PAR] A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. [PAR] Director: Robert Wise [PAR] Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. [PAR] Director: Carol Reed [PAR] Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, and 5 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc [PAR] Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] An eccentric professor invents wacky machinery but can't seem to make ends meet. When he invents a revolutionary car, a foreign government becomes interested in it and resorts to skulduggery to get their hands on it. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> [PAR] Get a \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" Out of Life! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 18 December 1968 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Tschitti Tschitti B\u00e4ng B\u00e4ng See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Seven different Chitties were built: a worn-out one, a restored one, one for the flying scenes, one for the water scenes and three partial models for various other scenes. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] In the candy factory scene, the colour and cut of Mr. Potts' haircut changes right before the Toot Sweet musical number. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Truly Scrumptious : [referring to helping the children] It's a beautiful dream Caractacus, but... I don't see how it's gonna help them. [PAR] [Truly looks at the children around them and Caractacus stands up] [PAR] Caracticus Potts : [confident]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscar Scandals: Hitchcock Never Won the Oscar | Emanuel Levy Oscar Scandals: Hitchcock Never Won the Oscar | Emanuel Levy [PAR] Oscar Scandals: Hitchcock Never Won the Oscar [PAR] March 30, 2010 by EmanuelLevy Leave a Comment [PAR] Judging by the scarcity of nominations, suspense films, like action?adventures, are more appreciated by filmgoers than the Academy voters. For some reason, well?made thrillers are perceived in the industry as a disreputable product of sheer craftsmanship rather than genuine film art. [PAR] In the Academy\u2019s entire history, only three thrillers, Alfred Hitchcock\u2019s \u201cRebecca\u201d (1940), Jonathan Demme\u2019s \u201cThe Silence of the Lambs\u201d (1991), and last year\u2019s Joel and Ethan Coen\u2019s \u201cNo Country for Old Men\u201d (2007) have won the Best Picture Oscar. [PAR] [PAR] Rebecca (1940) [PAR] Based on Daphne du Maurier\u2019s popular novel, Rebecca was Hitchcock\u2019s first American movie, in which he cast Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine in the starring roles. The film is distinguished by an exquisite cinematography (George Barnes won an Oscar), and great ensemble acting, headed by Judith Anderson, as the malevolent housekeeper, in one of her most memorable portrayals. [PAR] [PAR] In 1940, \u201cRebecca\u201d competed against another Hitchcock film, Foreign Correspondent, which deals with espionage in Europe. The film was interpreted by some as an endorsement of the American involvement in the war, because its producer, Walter Wanger, was known for his antifascist views. Both Rebecca and Foreign Correspondent were popular with the public; Rebecca grossed in rentals the then phenomenal 1.5 million dollars. [PAR] [PAR] Demme began his career directing exploitation films for Roger Corman, but, aware of the genre\u2019s dishonor, he gave The Silence of the Lambs the treatment of an A-Grade art film. Based on Thomas Harris\u2019s best?seller, the suspenseful and gruesome thriller centers on the battle of nerves between an FBI trainee named Clarice (Jodie Foster) and a diabolical psychiatrist turned cannibal, who becomes Clarice\u2019s sparring partner, in her efforts to hunt down a serial killer. The acting of the two stars is superb. Anthony Hopkins almost made a likable hero of out of Hannibal Lecter\u2019s sadistic, unruly demon. As Clarice, Foster embodies the gentleness of an initially naive county girl who becomes susceptible to Hannibal\u2019s advances. [PAR] [PAR] For some viewers, the movie was too creepy and disconcerting in its hints of romantic attraction between Hannibal and Clarice. Conservative moviegoers were outraged by the picture. First Lady Barbara Bush stormed out of the theater, protesting, \u201cI didn\u2019t come to a movie to see people\u2019s skin being taken off.\u201d Then gay activists threatened to disrupt the Oscar show as a protest against Hollywood\u2019s representations of homosexuals in The Silence of the Lambs, as well as in Oliver Stone\u2019s JFK (also Best Picture nominee that year) and the Sharon Stone psycho-thriller, Basic Instinct, which was released during the 1992 nomination period. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cThe Silence of the Lambs\u201d swept all five major Oscars: Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Adapted Screenplay. Only two other films in the Academy\u2019s history have been recognized in all top five categories: It Happened One Night in 1934, and One Flew Over the Cuckoo\u2019s Nest in 1975. [PAR] [PAR] With the exception of Demme and the Coen brothers, no filmmaker has ever won a directorial Oscar for a thriller, including Hitchcock, the genre\u2019s acknowledged master. [PAR] [PAR] Hitchcock was nominated five times: for \u201cRebecca,\u201d \u201cLifeboat\u201d (1944), \u201cSpellbound\u201d (1945), \u201cRear Window\u201d (1954), and \u201cPsycho\u201d (1960), one of his last undisputed successes. (See analysis below) [PAR] [PAR] Four Hitchcock films were nominated for Best Picture, the aforementioned \u201cRebecca\u201d and \u201cForeign Correspondent,\u201d \u201cSuspicion,\u201d and \u201cSpellbound.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Failing to give Hitchcock"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CHICKEN RUN (2000) - HomeVideos.com CHICKEN RUN with the voices of Phil Daniels, Lynn Ferguson, Mel Gibson, Tony Haygarth, Jane Horrocks - HomeVideos.com [PAR] Comedy Index * Action Movies * Great Dramas * Musicals * Romances * Sci-Fi Movies * Classic TV * TheWebNetwork.com [PAR] CHICKEN RUN (2000) [PAR] On a 1950's Yorkshire Tweedy Egg Chicken farm, run by the evil Mr. and Mrs. Tweedy, Ginger the chicken tries in vain to come up with an escape plan for the chickens before they all become chicken meat when they eventually stop laying eggs. Luckily, a flying rooster, Rocky, lands in their compound and a plan or two is hatched to help the chickens to fly out of their confinement, which faces lots of obsticles. [PAR] Voice talent include: Phil Daniels, Lynn Ferguson, Mel Gibson, Tony Haygarth, Jane Horrocks, Miranda Richardson, Julia Sawalha, Timothy Spall, Imelda Staunton, and Benjamin Whitrow. [PAR] Directed by Peter Lord and Nick Park. Screenplay by Karey Kirkpatrick. [PAR] Promotional Lines: \"Escape or Die Frying.\" [PAR] \"There's Nothing More Determined Than Poultry With A Plan.\" [PAR] \"A Few Good Hen\" --- \"It's Chicken Impossible.\" [PAR] CHOOSE A SITE TO SEARCH [PAR] HomeVideos.com [PAR] [PAR] Quotes from Ginger: [PAR] \"So, laying eggs all your life and then getting stuffed and roasted, that's good enough for you, is it?\" [PAR] Babs: [PAR] \"It's a Living.\" [PAR] THE REVIEW- [PAR] Peter Lord's and Nick Park's Chicken Run is a classic clever, family adventure comedy that has something for everyone, that grabs your attention and builds in suspense, ending in a most satisfying ending, which is all tied together by humor and truths about the importance of teamwork, friendship and determination. [PAR] The story begins in an oppressive prison-like chicken yard at Mrs. Tweedy's Egg farm in Yorkshire, England. Chicken huts and their yard is surrounded by high fences, lights, reminding one of the P.O.W. movies such as Stalag 17. The audience watches a chicken, called Ginger dodging the flashlight of Mr. Tweedy, as she sneaks across the yard to the fence. With a spoon, she stealthily digs a hole under the fence and escapes to the other side. However, when other chickens try to escape too, one gets stuck, and they all get caught. Ginger is thrown into the coal box for the night as punishment. We then see a variety of escape plans planned by Ginger which always are foiled by one of the other chickens. [PAR] At the end of the week, a bell rings one morning, and all the chickens nervously line up, under the direction of Fowler, a Rooster who was decorated in WW2 as a RAF mascot. The gate clangs open and the camera focuses on a pair a black yard boots, and we meet the evil Mrs. Tweedy, who is reviewing her records of the laying results of each hen on her clipboard, as she slowly moves down the inspection line. One hen, Edwina, who hasn't laid an egg all week, is snatched up by Mr. Tweedy, taken from the yard and never seen again. It is sinisterly implied that she lost her head and became the Tweedy's dinner. [PAR] There situation brightens when an American flying rooster, Rocky Rhodes (Mel Gibson), who escapes the circus, crash lands in their yard. While the hens are overjoyed, Fowler, an old rooster who had served in the RAF during the war as the mascot of a bomber unit, considers this Yank an untrustworthy, unwelcomed guest. \"Pushy Americans, always showing up late for every war. Overpaid, oversexed, and over here!\" [PAR] Ginger immediately tries to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seven Dwarfs Mine Train | Walt Disney World Resort Seven Dwarfs Mine Train | Walt Disney World Resort [PAR] We are unable to update your Wish List item at this time. [PAR] Seven Dwarfs Mine Train [PAR] Must Transfer from Wheelchair/ECV [PAR] Rider Switch [PAR] Rider switch offered. More Information Beginning of tooltip content This attraction offers rider switch, which allows 2 or more adults to take turns waiting with children who are too small to ride, without the need to wait in line twice. Please ask a Cast Member at the attraction entrance for assistance. End of tooltip content [PAR] Guest Policies [PAR] Expectant mothers should not ride. [PAR] Supervise children at all times. [PAR] Children under age 7 years must be accompanied by a person age 14 years or older. [PAR] Race through the diamond mine from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs on a swaying family coaster. [PAR] Rock Around Like Never Before [PAR] Whistle a cheery \u201cHeigh-Ho\u201d and relive some of the magic from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs aboard a speeding mine cart. [PAR] Follow a winding path through the Enchanted Forest and make your way inside the rocky tunnel of an age-old mountain. Hop into a rustic mine train\u2014hewn together with wood and metal bands\u2014and wind your way up a steep hill. [PAR] Fun, In Full Swing [PAR] At the summit, feel the wind race across your face as your cart navigates hairpin turns around the mountain, through a verdant countryside and deep into a mine shaft\u2014your cart teetering back and forth during the ride. Soon, the dark begins to sparkle as you happen upon a familiar site: the Seven Dwarfs hard at work, whistling and singing while collecting diamonds, rubies and other colorful jewels. [PAR] Careen into the cavern and climb skyward through an opening to the outside world. At the top, soak up an inspiring view of Fantasyland before racing back down to the foot of the mountain. Moments later, pass behind a waterfall and peek inside a cozy cottage where Snow White and her Dwarf friends dance in merriment, just as your rocking ride comes to an end. [PAR] Help Doc in the Interactive Queue [PAR] Before embarking on your mine train adventure, wash and sort newly discovered jewels while you wait in line. Hands-on experiences\u2014with notes prepared by Doc\u2014include: [PAR] Jewel Sorting [PAR] As jewels float by in a wooden \u201ctouch-screen\u201d trough, touch and drag them into a tray, based on size and shape. [PAR] Jewel Washing [PAR] After the jewels are sorted, grab ahold of a musical water spigot and start cleaning. Each spigot plays its own melody\u2014heed Doc\u2019s tips and you may hear a collection of familiar tunes! [PAR] The Vault [PAR] Beyond the door of the mountain, find a collection of wooden barrels overflowing with glowing stones. Turn each barrel to see the ceiling above you transformed! [PAR] Hours [PAR] 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM [PAR] Map"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In which year was the film studio Paramount opened ... In which year was the film studio Paramount opened? - thinkypedia.com [PAR] In which year was the film studio Paramount opened? [PAR] The Paramount Pictures film stodio is founded in 1912. [PAR] See: http://www.paramount.com/paramount.php then click on History of Paramount."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martin Luther King Assassination Conspiracy Exposed in ... Martin Luther King Assassination Conspiracy Exposed in Memphis by Jim Douglass [PAR] Judge Joe Brown , who had presided over two years of hearings on the rifle, testified that \u201c 67% of the bullets from my tests did not match the Ray rifle .\u201d He added that the unfired bullets found wrapped with it in a blanket were metallurgically different from the bullet taken from King\u2019s body , and therefore were from a different lot of ammunition. And because the rifle\u2019s scope had not been sited, Brown said, \u201c this weapon literally could not have hit the broadside of a barn .\u201d Holding up the 30.06 Remington 760 Gamemaster rifle, Judge Brown told the jury, \u201c It is my opinion that this is not the murder weapon .\u201d [PAR] Circuit Court Judge Arthur Hanes Jr . of Birmingham, Alabama, had been Ray\u2019s attorney in 1968. (On the eve of his trial, Ray replaced Hanes and his father, Arthur Hanes Sr., by Percy Foreman, a decision Ray told the Haneses one week later was the biggest mistake of his life .) Hanes testified that in the summer of 1968 he interviewed Guy Canipe, owner of the Canipe Amusement Company. Canipe was a witness to the dropping in his doorway of a bundle that held a trove of James Earl Ray memorabilia, including the rifle, unfired bullets, and a radio with Ray\u2019s prison identification number on it. This dropped bundle, heaven (or otherwise) sent for the State\u2019s case against Ray, can be accepted as credible evidence through a willing suspension of disbelief. As Judge Hanes summarized the State\u2019s lone-assassin theory (with reference to an exhibit depicting the scene), \u201cJames Earl Ray had fired the shot from the bathroom on that second floor, come down that hallway into his room and carefully packed that box, tied it up, then had proceeded across the walkway the length of the building to the back where that stair from that door came up, had come down the stairs out the door, placed the Browning box containing the rifle and the radio there in the Canipe entryway .\u201d Then Ray presumably got in his car seconds before the police\u2019s arrival, driving from downtown Memphis to Atlanta unchallenged in his white Mustang. [PAR] Concerning his interview with the witness who was the cornerstone of this theory, Judge Hanes told the jury that Guy Canipe (now deceased) provided \u201cterrific evidence\u201d: \u201cHe said that the package was dropped in his doorway by a man headed south down Main Street on foot, and that this happened at about ten minutes before the shot was fired [emphasis added].\u201d [PAR] Hanes thought Canipe\u2019s witnessing the bundle-dropping ten minutes before the shot was very credible for another reason. It so happened (as confirmed by Philip Melanson\u2019s research) that at 6:00 p.m. one of the MPD tactical units that had been withdrawn earlier by Inspector Evans, TACT 10, had returned briefly to the area with its 16 officers for a rest break at Fire Station 2. Thus, as Hanes testified, with the firehouse brimming with police, some already watching King across the street, \u201cwhen they saw Dr. King go down, the fire house erupted like a beehive . . . In addition to the time involved [in Ray\u2019s presumed odyssey from the bathroom to the car], it was circumstantially almost impossible to believe that somebody had been able to throw that [rifle] down and leaave right in the face of that erupting fire station.\u201d [PAR] When I spoke with Judge Hanes after the trial about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welles scares nation - Oct 30, 1938 - HISTORY.com Welles scares nation - Oct 30, 1938 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Welles scares nation [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Orson Welles causes a nationwide panic with his broadcast of \u201cWar of the Worlds\u201d\u2014a realistic radio dramatization of a Martian invasion of Earth. [PAR] Orson Welles was only 23 years old when his Mercury Theater company decided to update H.G. Wells\u2019 19th-century science fiction novel War of the Worlds for national radio. Despite his age, Welles had been in radio for several years, most notably as the voice of \u201cThe Shadow\u201d in the hit mystery program of the same name. \u201cWar of the Worlds\u201d was not planned as a radio hoax, and Welles had little idea of the havoc it would cause. [PAR] The show began on Sunday, October 30, at 8 p.m. A voice announced: \u201cThe Columbia Broadcasting System and its affiliated stations present Orson Welles and the Mercury Theater on the air in \u2018War of the Worlds\u2019 by H.G. Wells.\u201d [PAR] Sunday evening in 1938 was prime-time in the golden age of radio, and millions of Americans had their radios turned on. But most of these Americans were listening to ventriloquist Edgar Bergen and his dummy \u201cCharlie McCarthy\u201d on NBC and only turned to CBS at 8:12 p.m. after the comedy sketch ended and a little-known singer went on. By then, the story of the Martian invasion was well underway. [PAR] Welles introduced his radio play with a spoken introduction, followed by an announcer reading a weather report. Then, seemingly abandoning the storyline, the announcer took listeners to \u201cthe Meridian Room in the Hotel Park Plaza in downtown New York, where you will be entertained by the music of Ramon Raquello and his orchestra.\u201d Putrid dance music played for some time, and then the scare began. An announcer broke in to report that \u201cProfessor Farrell of the Mount Jenning Observatory\u201d had detected explosions on the planet Mars. Then the dance music came back on, followed by another interruption in which listeners were informed that a large meteor had crashed into a farmer\u2019s field in Grovers Mills, New Jersey. [PAR] Soon, an announcer was at the crash site describing a Martian emerging from a large metallic cylinder. \u201cGood heavens,\u201d he declared, \u201csomething\u2019s wriggling out of the shadow like a gray snake. Now here\u2019s another and another one and another one. They look like tentacles to me \u2026 I can see the thing\u2019s body now. It\u2019s large, large as a bear. It glistens like wet leather. But that face, it\u2026 it \u2026 ladies and gentlemen, it\u2019s indescribable. I can hardly force myself to keep looking at it, it\u2019s so awful. The eyes are black and gleam like a serpent. The mouth is kind of V-shaped with saliva dripping from its rimless lips that seem to quiver and pulsate.\u201d [PAR] The Martians mounted walking war machines and fired \u201cheat-ray\u201d weapons at the puny humans gathered around the crash site. They annihilated a force of 7,000 National Guardsman, and after being attacked by artillery and bombers the Martians released a poisonous gas into the air. Soon \u201cMartian cylinders\u201d landed in Chicago and St. Louis. The radio play was extremely realistic, with Welles employing sophisticated sound effects and his actors doing an excellent job portraying terrified announcers and other characters. An announcer reported that widespread panic had broken out in the vicinity of the landing sites, with thousands desperately trying to flee. In fact, that was not far from the truth. [PAR] Perhaps as many as a million radio listeners believed that a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of British Newspapers - NMA History of Newspapers by the NMA [PAR] William Caxton sets up the first English printing press in Westminster. [PAR] 1549 [PAR] First known English newsletter: Requests of the Devonshyre and Cornyshe Rebelles. [PAR] 1621 [PAR] First titled newspaper, Corante, published in London. [PAR] 1649 [PAR] Cromwell suppressed all newsbooks on the eve of Charles I's execution. [PAR] 1690 [PAR] Worcester Postman launched. (In 1709 it starts regular publication as Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered to be the oldest surviving English newspaper). [PAR] 1702 [PAR] Launch of the first regular daily newspaper: The Daily Courant. [PAR] 1709 [PAR] First Copyright Act; Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered the oldest surviving English newspaper, started regular publication. [PAR] 1712 [PAR] First Stamp Act; advertisement, paper and stamp duties condemned as taxes on knowledge. Stamford Mercury believed to have been launched. [PAR] 1717 [PAR] The Kentish Post and Canterbury Newsletter launched. It took on its current name, Kentish Gazette, in 1768. [PAR] 1718 [PAR] Leeds Mercury started (later merged into Yorkshire Post). [PAR] 1737 [PAR] Belfast News Letter founded (world's oldest surviving daily newspaper). [PAR] 1748 [PAR] Aberdeen Journal began (Scotland's oldest newspaper - now the Press & Journal). [PAR] 1772 [PAR] Hampshire Chronicle launched, Hampshire's oldest paper. [PAR] 1788 [PAR] Daily Universal Register (est. 1785) became The Times. [PAR] 1791 [PAR] Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought The Observer. [PAR] 1906 [PAR] Newspaper Proprietors Association founded for national dailies. [PAR] 1907 [PAR] National Union of Journalists founded as a wage-earners union. [PAR] 1915 [PAR] Rothermere launched Sunday Pictorial (later Sunday Mirror). [PAR] 1922 [PAR] Death of Northcliffe. Control of Associated Newspapers passed to Rothermere. [PAR] 1928 [PAR] Northcliffe Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of Associated Newspapers. Provincial Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of United Newspapers. [PAR] 1931 [PAR] Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. [PAR] 1936 [PAR] Britain's first colour advertisement appears (in Glasgow's Daily Record). [PAR] 1944 [PAR] Iliffe took over BPM Holdings (including Birmingham Post). [PAR] 1946 [PAR] Guild of British Newspaper Editors formed (now the Society of Editors). [PAR] 1953 [PAR] General Council of the Press established. [PAR] 1955 [PAR] Month-long national press strike. Daily Record acquired by Mirror Group. [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Manchester Guardian becomes The Guardian. Six-week regional press printing strike. [PAR] 1960 [PAR] Photocomposition and web-offset printing progressively introduced. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] The Sun launched, replacing Daily Herald. Death of Beaverbrook. General Council of the Press reformed as the Press Council. [PAR] 1969 [PAR] Murdoch's News International acquired The Sun and News of the World. [PAR] 1976 [PAR] Nottingham Evening Post is Britain's first newspaper to start direct input by journalists. [PAR] 1978 [PAR] The Times and The Sunday Times ceased publication for 11 months. [PAR] 1980 [PAR] Association of Free Newspaper founded (folded 1991). Regional Newspaper Advertising Bureau formed. [PAR] 1981 [PAR] News International acquired The Times and the Sunday Times. [PAR] 1983 [PAR] Industrial dispute at Eddie Shah's Messenger group plant at Warrington. [PAR] 1984 [PAR] Mirror Group sold by Reed to Maxwell (Pergamon). First free daily newspaper, the (Birmingham) Daily News, launched by husband & wife team Chris & Pat Bullivant. [PAR] 1986 [PAR] News International moved titles to a new plant at Wapping. Eddie Shah launchedToday, first colour national daily launched. The Independent launched. [PAR] 1987 [PAR] News International took over Today. [PAR] 1988 [PAR] RNAB folded. Newspaper Society launched PressAd as its commercial arm. Thomson launched Scotland on Sunday and Sunday Life. [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Last Fleet Streetpaper produced by Sunday Express. [PAR] 1990 [PAR] First Calcutt report on Privacy and Related Matters. Launch of The European (by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Best '90s Female Artists | Made Man 10 Best '90s Female Artists | Made Man [PAR] Facebook Twitter Stumble Google+ Save [PAR] Though there were many popular female artists in the 90's, only a select group could be considered the 10 best 90's female artists. The 90's saw an explosion of female artists on the music scene. This decade saw the rise of country crossover artists, growth of some of the biggest mainstream R&B stars and the start of the all-female musical festival, Lilith Fair. [PAR] Mariah Carey. Mariah Carey broke onto the scene with her debut, self-titled album Mariah Carey, which went on to be the best-selling album of 1991. She eventually went on to be the top recording artist of the 90's thanks to hits like \"Vision of Love,\" \"Hero\" and the remake of The Jackson Five's song \"I'll Be There.\" [PAR] Janet Jackson. Janet Jackson, sister of Michael Jackson, established her music career during the late 80's. However, she gained superstar status as a female artist in the 90's, thanks largely to her hit album Rhythm Nation 1814. Additional hit albums Janet and The Velvet Rope and a role in the movie Poetic Justice rounded out Janet's contribution to 90's pop culture. [PAR] Celine Dion. Canadian import and one of the best-selling artists of the 90's, Celine Dion is probably most remembered for the song \"My Heart Will Go On\" from 1997's Titanic soundtrack. Her albums The Colour of My Love and Falling Into You helped cement her international fame. [PAR] Shania Twain. Shania Twain released her debut, self-titled country album in 1993. Her wildly successful third album, Come on Over, in 1997 helped her become a huge crossover success, blurring the lines between pop and country music. [PAR] Alanis Morissette. Alanis Morissette had a small pop music career in Canada before moving to Los Angeles and releasing her biggest album, Jagged Little Pill, which is the third best selling album by a female artist. The rage-filled song \"You Oughta Know\" has been rumored to be about her breakup with Full House star David Coulier. [PAR] Faith Hill. Faith Hill, like Shania Twain, enjoyed crossover success as a country artist during the 90's. Faith Hill was already a country music star in the early 90s, but earned mainstream popularity in the late 90's with the songs \"This Kiss\" and \"Breathe.\" She is also married to country superstar Tim McGraw. [PAR] Sheryl Crow. Sheryl Crow, once a backup singer for Michael Jackson, broke through with her debut album Tuesday Night Music Club. Some of her 90's hits include \"All I Wanna Do,\" 'Everyday is a Winding Road\" and \"If it Makes You Happy.\" [PAR] Tori Amos. Tori Amos was one of the best Indie music artists of the 90's. Starting with her 1992 album Little Earthquakes, the classically trained pianist injected raw emotion into her music and gained a cult following. She also released Under The Pink, Boys For Pele and From the Choirgirl Hotel in the 90's. [PAR] Madonna. Though her big break came in the 1980's, Madonna had a streak of successful albums throughout the 90's. The early 90's albums Erotica and Bedtime Stories continued to play on her sexualized image. After the birth of her daughter and discovering Kabbalah in the late 90's, her spiritualism was reflected in the 1998 album Ray of Light. [PAR] Jewel. Famous for making it big after leaving Alaska and living in a van while performing in cafes, Jewel's career took off with her 1995 album Pieces of You, which included her biggest hits \"You Were Meant"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which American President saw active service in both the ... Which American President saw active service in both the first and second World Wars? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Which American President saw active service in both the first and second World Wars? [PAR] This question was answered on Jun 04, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Which American President saw active service in both the first and second World Wars? [PAR] AldenAgosto posted a question \u00b7 Jun 04, 2016 at 6:42am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29914844) ]} [PAR] Prof.Rancho answered the question \u00b7 Jun 04, 2016 at 6:43am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] The answer to this question... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29914848) ]} [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29914849) ]} [PAR] Kid_Flower_Stork15 answered the question \u00b7 Jun 04, 2016 at 6:44am [PAR] he would be Dwight Eisenhower . After graduating from West Point in 1915,... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29914888) ]} [PAR] What does this mean \" Chinese restaurants started as a service for the bachelor communities of Chinese immigrants in isolated ranches, logging camps, mining [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] Need a World History tutor? [PAR] jood.amc [PAR] 4 World History experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Salvador Dali Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements ... Salvador Dali Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [PAR] Miscellaneous [PAR] Salvador Dali Biography [PAR] Salvador Dali was a Spanish painter who was an advocate of surrealism. Read this biography to know more about his life. [PAR] Quick Facts [PAR] Felipa Domenech Ferr\u00c3\u00a9s [PAR] Image Credit http://www.timmerdraget.org/salvador-dali.html [PAR] Salvador Dali is popularly known as Dali. He is hugely popular around the world for creating a new genre in art \u00e2\u0080\u0093 surrealism. Dali is known for his strange, right in the eye bizarre images. Dali got strongly influenced by thoughts, ideas and artworks of the Renaissance period. Dali was eccentric by nature and he drew attention of his critics who remained mostly irritated by his weird antics and outrageous behaviour and public actions. Dali was passionate about style, statement making and luxury. There have been several films, sculptures and photography exhibitions carried pout by Dali in collaboration with other artists. Dali was an excellent draftsman who produced skilled technical drawings. Dali gave many art lectures around Europe. But his fame was greatly popular in the USA. Dali\u00e2\u0080\u0099s most famous paintings include \u00e2\u0080\u009cThe Metamorphosis of Narcissus\u00e2\u0080\u009d, \u00e2\u0080\u009cLandscape Near Figueras\u00e2\u0080\u009d, \u00e2\u0080\u009cDream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening\u00e2\u0080\u009d and \u00e2\u0080\u009cThe Great Masturbator\u00e2\u0080\u009d which are some of his greatest symbolic art representations. Besides painting Dali indulged in writing and produced some great literary works like \u00e2\u0080\u009cThe Secret Life of Salvador Dal\u00c3\u00ad\u00e2\u0080\u009d, \u00e2\u0080\u009cDiary of a Genius\u00e2\u0080\u009d and \u00e2\u0080\u009cOui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution\u00e2\u0080\u009d. Dali created great many lithographs, etchings and graphic arts. Dali was a self proclaimed genius who is referred for his paintings even in the modern times. [PAR] Salvador Dali Childhood [PAR] Dali was born as Salvador Dom\u00e9nec Felip Jacint Dal\u00ed i Dom\u00e8nech on 11 May 1904 in Figueres town which was located closely to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. Salavador Dali was born to father Salvador Dal\u00ed i Cus\u00ed, a middle-class lawyer and notary and mother Felipa Domenech Ferr\u00e9s who had encouraged Dali greatly in his artistic pursuits. At the age of 5, Dali was taken to his brother\u2019s grave and told by his parents that he was a reincarnated image of his brother\u2019s which Dali soon started believing. [PAR] [PAR] Dali went to a drawing school. In 1916 Dali made a summer trip to Cadaqu\u00e9s with the family of Ramon Pichot, a local artist who made regular trips to Paris, and was greatly inspired by modern painting. In 1917 Dali\u2019s father organized an exhibition that featured Dali\u2019s charcoal drawings and the show was held in their family home. It was not before 1919 that Dali held his very first public art exhibition at the Municipal Theater in Figueres. Dali was 16 years old when he lost his mother in February 1921 when she died after suffering from breast cancer. In his later years Dali had expressed his grief saying his mother\u2019s death, \u201cwas the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her... I could not resign myself to the loss of a being on whom I counted to make invisible the unavoidable blemishes of my soul\u201d. With Dali\u2019s mother dead his father married his deceased wife's sister. Dali was not against this marriage as he loved and respected his aunt very much. [PAR] [PAR] Life in Madrid and Paris [PAR] In 1922 Dali shifted into the Residencia de Estudiantes (Students' Residence) in Madrid to pursue his studies at the Academia de San Fernando (School of Fine Arts). Dali soon got much attention for his outrageously fashionable dressing sense and his eccentric"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Was the name Wendy invented for the book Peter Pan The Straight Dope: Was the name Wendy invented for the book \"Peter Pan\"? [PAR] A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board [PAR] Was the name Wendy invented for the book \"Peter Pan\"? [PAR] December 17, 2002 [PAR] Dear Straight Dope: [PAR] Here's a rumor (and by rumor I mean one of those E-mail-lore things): The name Wendy was made-up for the book Peter Pan. As I have a friend so named, is this true? [PAR] \u2014 Craig Cormier [PAR] One simple click here shows us that the name Wendy was invented in 1973 for the \"Superfriends\" cartoon on ABC, the name Marvin having been previously invented by Mel Blanc in the 50s for a series of Bugs Bunny cartoons. Next question? [PAR] All kidding aside, J. M. Barrie did not invent the name Wendy for his 1904 play Peter Pan, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (the book form of the story, Peter and Wendy, was published in 1911). He did popularize it, though. Barrie apparently was inspired to use the name by a young friend named Margaret Henley, the daughter of writer William Henley. Margaret, who died around 1895 at age 6, called Barrie her \"friendy.\" Since she couldn't pronounce her Rs at the time, the word came out \"fwendy,\" or \"fwendy-wendy,\" in some versions of the story. [PAR] But we have absolute proof that there were earlier Wendys, thanks to the just-released 1880 U.S. Census and the 1881 British Census (available here ). These documents show that the name Wendy, while not common, was indeed used in both the U.S. and Great Britain throughout the 1800s. I had no trouble finding twenty females with the first name Wendy in the United States, the earliest being Wendy Gram of Ohio (born in 1828). If you include such spelling variations as Windy, Wendi, Wenda, and Wandy the number triples. [PAR] As to the origins of said name, websites here and here make the claim that Wendy is a derivative of the name Gwendolen or maybe Gwendolyn. Looking further, I chanced upon World Wide Wendy , a site dedicated to, well, all things Wendy. On this site, Doctor of Folklore Leslie Ellen Jones discusses the possible Welsh origins of the name Gwendolyn and its derivative Wendy. In both the English and U.S. Census, however, the name Wendy is also used as a male first name, so I suspect further research may be required. [PAR] Of course, if you go back a few centuries and head east a mite, we have the Chinese emperor Wendi of the Sui dynasty (541-604), and before that the Great Emperor Wendi of the Han dynasty (179 BC-157 BC). But that's stretching it a bit far, don'tcha think? [PAR] Further reference:[DOC] [TLE] Wendy Darling (Character) - Quotes - IMDb Wendy Darling (Character) - Quotes [PAR] Wendy Darling (Character) [PAR] from Peter Pan (1953) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Peter : Forget them, Wendy. Forget them all. Come with me where you'll never, never have to worry about grown up things again. [PAR] Wendy : Never is an awfully long time. [PAR] Wendy : Why do you hate him so? [PAR] Wendy : We must leave at once... before we, in turn, are forgotten. [PAR] Wendy : Might I have time to consider your generous offer? [PAR] Captain Hook : Absolutely. You must! [PAR] Wendy : What would mother think of my becoming a pirate? [PAR] [Wendy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Did Orwell\u2019s 1984 Get Its Name? - World's Strongest ... How Did Orwell\u2019s 1984 Get Its Name? [PAR] Strength Training For Body And Mind [PAR] How Did Orwell\u2019s 1984 Get Its Name? [PAR] by Josh Hanagarne [PAR] on May 18, 2011 [PAR] The Manuscript for 1984 [PAR] Many of the posts I write result from questions library patrons ask while I am at work. A couple of months ago someone asked how George Orwell\u2019s greatest (and last) novel 1984, or Nineteen Eighty Four got it\u2019s name. [PAR] I assumed that it was because the date held some significance for the author, or was chosen because it was a specific point in the future. [PAR] The Modern Scholar lectures on The World of George Orwell give this explanation for the book that was originally going to be called The Last Man In Europe. [PAR] The majority of the work on the book was done in the year 1948. On behalf of a more concise, evocative title, Orwell and his publisher inverted the last two numbers of that year, changing the title to 1984. [PAR] The major consideration was that if the title were to be a date, the date be in the future. Apparently how far or near in the future wasn\u2019t of much concern. [PAR] If you are looking for an accessible introduction to George Orwell and his writing I recommend the Modern Scholar lectures. [PAR] If you are interested in reading his essays, correspondence, and journalism I recommend: [PAR] An Age Like This: 1920-1940 [PAR] My Country, Right Or Left: 1940-1943 [PAR] As I Please: 1943-1945 [PAR] In Front of Your Nose: 1945-1950 [PAR] Josh[DOC] [TLE] www.k-1.com [ George Orwell site | Message Archive ] [PAR] Posted by Claus B. Storgaard on April 10, 2002 at 06:11:40: [PAR] [An article swiped from the net] [PAR] Was 1984 inspired by Orwell's wife? [PAR] By PETER FOSTER in London [PAR] One of English literature's most enduring riddles has taken a fresh twist with the rediscovery of a poem written almost 65 years ago by George Orwell's first wife. [PAR] Ever since Orwell's bleak picture of a post-war totalitarian state was published in 1949, scholars and lay readers alike have argued over why he chose the year Nineteen Eighty-Four for its title. [PAR] Suggestions have ranged from the attractively simple, for example, the reversal of the last two digits of 1948, the year Orwell completed the book, to obscure literary references and inventive calculations by numerologists. [PAR] But the real reason may be contained in a poem entitled End of the Century 1984 written by Orwell's first wife, Eileen O'Shaughnessy, who died in 1944. It was composed in 1934, 15 years before the novel appeared, and was recently rediscovered by the Times Literary Supplement. [PAR] The poem was written to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Sunderland Church High School in north-eastern England where O'Shaughnessy had been a pupil in the 1920s. It looks back over the last 50 years and forward to school's centenary in 1984. [PAR] Although written before Orwell and O'Shaughnessy met, scholars have identified striking similarities between images in the poem and Orwell's own vision of the future in Nineteen Eighty-Four. [PAR] Peter Davison, the editor of the 20 volume complete works of Orwell, sees a possible forerunner of Orwell's Big Brother in the line describing scholars tuning thoughts to \"Telepathic Station 9/From which they know just what they ought\". [PAR] Similarly, O'Shaughnessy's vision of a world of \"mental cremation\" where \"Shakespeare's bones are quiet at last\" is echoed in Orwell's vision of personal freedom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trapped on a Pacific Island: Scientists Research the Real ... Trapped on a Pacific Island: Scientists Research the Real Robinson Crusoe - SPIEGEL ONLINE [PAR] Trapped on a Pacific Island: Scientists Research the Real Robinson Crusoe [PAR] Trapped on a Pacific Island Scientists Research the Real Robinson Crusoe [PAR] Generations of children have been spellbound by Robinson Crusoe's exploits, but few are aware of the real-life figure who inspired the classic. Now, 300 years after he left his island prison, scientists have pieced together how the real Crusoe managed to survive. [PAR] By Marco Evers [PAR] Feedback [PAR] What was it he had seen? A fire burning on an uninhabited island in the South Pacific? The next day, the captain of the Duke, an English buccaneer ship, sent an armed party to the island to investigate. When the men returned to the ship, they brought along two surprises: large numbers of spiny lobsters and a shaggy creature. [PAR] The figure that climbed on board the Duke on Feb. 2, 1709 was apparently human, but wild as an animal, barefoot and covered in goatskin. The creature, extremely agitated, was only able to stammer a few barely comprehensible words at first, but they were enough to become immortal. [PAR] In his novel, first published in 1719, Daniel Defoe named the islander \"Robinson Crusoe.\" But the real Robinson was a man named Alexander Selkirk. He was a Scotsman, the seventh son of a shoemaker from the village of Lower Largo, near Edinburgh. He had spent four years and four months on M\u00e1s a Tierra, a windswept island in the Juan Fernandez archipelago, 650 kilometers (404 miles) off the coast of Chile. He was as alone as a human being can be. For Selkirk, there was no \"Man Friday,\" a character Defoe created for his novel. [PAR] Unlike his literary equivalent, Selkirk was also not shipwrecked. Instead his captain had simply left him stranded after a longstanding quarrel. He must have looked on in disbelief as his ship sailed away over the horizon. Among the few items he had been left were some articles of clothing, a knife, an axe, a gun, navigation devices, a cooking pot, tobacco and a bible. [PAR] On the 300th anniversary of his return to human society, scientists can now paint a clear picture of Selkirk's island existence. They believe that they now know how and where he lived, partly through some of his personal effects that have now been discovered. His life after being rescued can also be reconstructed, providing a portrait of the real Robinson that is not always flattering -- and yet typical of the type of rogue who took to the seas in those days. [PAR] Selkirk the sailor was a pirate, a drinker and a short-tempered ruffian. Born into a troubled family, he fled to sea when he was barely 17. Working on privateer ships in the Mediterranean and Caribbean, he robbed Spaniards and Frenchmen. Although he was not unintelligent, even working his way up to the position of navigator, his temperament was precarious. Selkirk had apparently always had trouble getting along with other people, which was perhaps precisely why he endured his solitary confinement on the island so successfully. [PAR] From the Magazine [PAR] Find out how you can reprint this DER SPIEGEL article in your publication. [PAR] David Caldwell, 57, is an archeologist at the Scottish National Museum in Edinburgh. Ordinarily, his field is Scottish history, which he usually studies from the comfort of his office. But when Daisuke Takahashi, a Japanese Robinson Crusoe fanatic, asked Caldwell to travel with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shakespeare's Plays Shakespeare's Plays [PAR] [PAR] Shakespeare's Plays [PAR] Before the publication of the First Folio in 1623, nineteen of the thirty-seven plays in Shakespeare's canon had appeared in quarto format. With the exception of Othello (1622), all of the quartos were published prior to the date of Shakespeare's retirement from the theatre in about 1611. It is unlikely that Shakespeare was involved directly with the printing of any of his plays, although it should be noted that two of his poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece were almost certainly printed under his direct supervision. [PAR] Here you will find the complete text of Shakespeare's plays, based primarily on the First Folio, and a variety of helpful resources, including extensive explanatory notes, character analysis, source information, and articles and book excerpts on a wide range of topics unique to each drama. [PAR] Tragedies [PAR] The story of Mark Antony, Roman military leader and triumvir, who is madly in love with Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. [PAR] Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). [PAR] Coriolanus (1607-1608) [PAR] The last of Shakespeare's great political tragedies, chronicling the life of the mighty warrior Caius Marcius Coriolanus. [PAR] Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). [PAR] Hamlet (1600-1601) [PAR] Since its first recorded production, Hamlet has engrossed playgoers, thrilled readers, and challenged actors more so than any other play in the Western canon. No other single work of fiction has produced more commonly used expressions . [PAR] Earliest known text: Quarto (1603). [PAR] Although there were earlier Elizabethan plays on the subject of Julius Caesar and his turbulent rule, Shakespeare's penetrating study of political life in ancient Rome is the only version to recount the demise of Brutus and the other conspirators. [PAR] Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). [PAR] The story of King Lear, an aging monarch who decides to divide his kingdom amongst his three daughters, according to which one recites the best declaration of love. [PAR] Earliest known text: Quarto (1608). [PAR] Macbeth (1605-1606) [PAR] Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's most stimulating and popular dramas. Renaissance records of Shakespeare's plays in performance are scarce, but a detailed account of an original production of Macbeth has survived, thanks to Dr. Simon Forman . [PAR] Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). [PAR] Othello (1604-1605) [PAR] Othello, a valiant Moorish general in the service of Venice, falls prey to the devious schemes of his false friend, Iago. [PAR] Earliest known text: Quarto (1622). [PAR] Celebrated for the radiance of its lyric poetry, Romeo and Juliet was tremendously popular from its first performance. The sweet whispers shared by young Tudor lovers throughout the realm were often referred to as \"naught but pure Romeo and Juliet.\" [PAR] Earliest known text: Quarto (1597). [PAR] Written late in Shakespeare's career, Timon of Athens is criticized as an underdeveloped tragedy, likely co-written by George Wilkins or Cyril Tourneur. Read the play and see if you agree. [PAR] Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). [PAR] Titus Andronicus (1593-1594) [PAR] A sordid tale of revenge and political turmoil, overflowing with bloodshed and unthinkable brutality. The play was not printed with Shakespeare credited as author during his lifetime, and critics are divided between whether it is the product of another dramatist or simply Shakespeare's first attempt at the genre. [PAR] Earliest known text: Quarto (1594). [PAR] Histories [PAR] One of Shakespeare's most popular plays, featuring the opportunistic miscreant, Sir John Falstaff. [PAR] Earliest known text: Quarto (1598). [PAR] This is the third play in the second tetralogy of history plays, along with Richard II, Henry IV, Part 1, and"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'The Bront\u00eb Cabinet' sets the three fabled sisters in ... 'The Bront\u00eb Cabinet' sets the three fabled sisters in context - CSMonitor.com [PAR] 'The Bront\u00eb Cabinet' sets the three fabled sisters in context [PAR] Latest News [PAR] Three Lives in Nine Objects [PAR] By Deborah Lutz [PAR] View Caption [PAR] of [PAR] Gentle reader, beware: The Bront\u00eb Cabinet is no ordinary biography. Anyone wanting direct narration of the Bront\u00eb sisters\u2019 lives should look elsewhere. Those who do read this book will follow the Bront\u00ebs but will also be redirected into shadowy spaces where bodies have left stains, feet have passed, and locks of hair have been hoarded. [PAR] In these pursuits, Deborah Lutz is a bit like a 19th-century medium gathering the objects of the dead at a s\u00e9ance. She gathers and interprets the objects, actions, and landscapes that inflected a family of authors, of women, of nineteenth-century thinkers. Her auguries turn on things as varied as potato peelings, dog collars, albums, sewing boxes, and hiking trails. She investigates the places where objects provoke an almost physical sense of encounter. She reads things to see what they might tell her about life and about literature. This is to say, she leaps between objects and disciplines to craft an unusual cultural history \u2013 not just about a family of authors but about reading itself. [PAR] This is a rich pursuit, and not unsurprisingly, Lutz\u2019s first chapter is about books themselves: Lutz offers a close reading of how the Bront\u00ebs (and early Victorians generally) used and treasured them, how they valued, touched, wrote in, and stored leaves and letters in their volumes. Because the Bront\u00eb sisters were born in an era when all paper was extremely dear, Lutz explores what it meant for them to hoard paper and use books in play. [PAR] Recommended: How much do you know about women's literature? [PAR] During the 1820s the Bront\u00eb sisters (Anne, Charlotte, and Emily, possibly occasionally aided by their brother, Branwell), began producing literally hundreds of miniature books, some including watercolor illustrations, many with a private handwriting that was too small for adults to read. Lutz suggests what these objects might have meant to budding writers: \u201cMinuscule books initially fit well with their child bodies, as if the books were emanations of those undersized fingertips and palms. Or little worlds for small bodies to climb into, open sesame.\u201d [PAR] Photos of the Day Photos of the day 01/19 [PAR] Lutz reads this close-held bodily magic not only through its productions in an early-19th-century childhood but also off the cultural position of paper in the surrounding society. She writes that \u201cthe closeness of body and book was an ordinary feature of daily life in the nineteenth century, a relationship no longer obvious today.... Through a long chain of recycling, clothes that kept limbs covered became reading matter. Printed paper was then reused to line cupboards and pie plates ... and [as] toilet paper.\u201d [PAR] Lutz argues that the life stages of books intertwined them \u201cwith fleshly parts other than eyes.\u201d Being near paper was like being near bodies and their functions \u2013 ingestion, digestion \u2013 and paper and books could hold traces of each body\u2019s unique presence. This worldview makes it into written texts themselves: For instance, in Charlotte Bront\u00eb\u2019s \"Villette\", Paulina feels an almost dangerous physical intimacy with a man she hasn\u2019t seen for decades, simply by opening one of his books. [PAR] In her next chapter, Lutz enters another daily world, one of housework and embroidery, again asking what it might tell us about the makings of literature. Sewing was,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fun Lovin' Criminals | The List Fun Lovin' Criminals | The List [PAR] Fun Lovin' Criminals [PAR] Website: www.funlovincriminals.tv [PAR] Fun Lovin' Criminals may be past their creative peak but always find an eager crowd, keen to bellow along to the hits. [PAR] Jump to times or comments [PAR] The Fun Lovin' Criminals (often referred to by their acronym, FLC) is an American alternative hip-hop/alternative rock group from New York City. [PAR] Their musical style is primarily eclectic, covering styles such as hip-hop, rock, funk, blues and jazz. Their songs often deal with life in New York City, as well as urban life in general. As a band, they cover such issues as organised crime, recreational drug use, violence, poverty and politics. Their songs are often gritty or existentialist in nature, but are just as often humourous or satirical. They are best known for their hit Scooby Snacks, which features samples from films by Quentin Tarantino, as well as the song Love Unlimited, which serves as a comical tribute to Barry White (and shares its name with White's backing vocal group). [PAR] The band gained a large following internationally, notably in north-west Europe, around the release of their first two albums in the late Nineties. [PAR] Text supplied by third party. [PAR] Performance times[DOC] [TLE] Fun Lovin' Criminals - Latest festivals, news, tickets and ... Fun Lovin' Criminals [PAR] Fun Lovin' Criminals [PAR] Artists [PAR] Fun Lovin' Criminals [PAR] An alternative rock band from New York, United States. Their music is a blend of many styles, most notably hip-hop, rock and blues, and their songs deal with everyday life in New York: drugs, organized crime and politics. They are best known for their hit Scooby Snacks, which featured samples from films by Quentin Tarantino. [PAR] In their native US, they are regarded by some to be a one-hit wonder. However, the band gained a considerable following internationally, notably in northwest Europe, especially around the release of their first two albums in the late 90s. [PAR] Line-up [PAR] The band was formed in 1993 by Hugh Morgan (\"Huey\", vocals, guitar), Brian Leiser (\"Fast\", keyboards, bass, trumpet, harmonica) and Steve Borovini (\"O\", drums). [PAR] In 1999, Borgovini left the band (after he, in the words of Huey: \"went a little crazy and departed to Peru\") - finding later success with Needledrop (http://www.myspace.com/needledrop) and CC Jones(http://www.ccjonesandtheforgotten). He was replaced by Maxwell Jayson (\"Mackie\"). Mackie was then later replaced in 2003 by Mark (aka \"Frank\" or \"The Rhythm Master\") from Leicester, UK, who had previously worked with the band as Mackie's technician. [PAR] Fun Lovin' Criminals Online [PAR] Read more about the band, watch videos and listen to the music at the official FLC website (link above) [PAR] Albums and other projects [PAR] Come Find Yourself, the band's first album, was released in 1995, and contained the hit Scooby Snacks, which contained samples of movies by Quentin Tarantino. [PAR] 100% Colombian, released in 1998, contained slightly less rock influences. Singles included Love Unlimited (a tribute to Barry White) and Big Night Out. [PAR] The 1999 album, Mimosa, mostly contained covers and different versions of earlier released tracks; but the 2001 Loco contained all new songs, including the hit single Loco, and a more relaxed sound. [PAR] Their next album, Welcome To Poppy's, was released in 2003 and had a more upbeat, more rock-influenced sound. They are currently working on a sequel to their 2000 Maui Film Festival debut, Maui Homicide 2000. [PAR] The album Livin' In The City was released in 2005 and contained the single Mi Corazon. [PAR] Huey wrote a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Musicians: Do you know their Real Names? | PlayBuzz Birth Name, Birth Names, Celebrities, Celebrity, Famous, Hip-Hop, Music, Musician, Musicians, Original Name, Original Names, Pop, Rap, Rapper, Rappers, Real Name, Real Names, Retro, Rock, Singer, Singers, Stage Name, Stage Names, Star, Stars, Thelaststraw [PAR] Famous Musicians: Do you know their Real Names? [PAR] You know them by their stage names, but what are the real names of Iggy Azalea, Ringo Starr, and Skrillex? [PAR] Created by Translated by TheLastStraw on August 10, 2014 [PAR] Original Article by[DOC] [TLE] Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Ringo Starr [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 96 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (51) | Personal Quotes (32) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Ringo Starr is a British musician, actor, director, writer, and artist best known as the drummer of The Beatles who also coined the title 'A Hard day's Night' for The Beatles' first movie. [PAR] He was born Richard Starkey on July 7, 1940, in a small two-storey house in the working class area of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. His father, Richard Starkey, was a former dockworker turned baker; his mother, Elsie (Gleave) Starkey, was a bakery worker. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother, Elsie, moved to another home in Liverpool. While attending Silas Infants' Schools he suffered from many afflictions that basically ruined his education: he had constant abdominal pains, was once diagnosed with a ruptured appendix that led to an inflamed peritoneum, which also led to one of his first surgeries. Ringo was in a coma, and his recovery took a couple of months, during which more operations were performed, and he was known to be accident-prone. Shortly after he came out of the coma, he was trying to offer a toy bus to another boy in an adjoining bed, but fell and suffered from a concussion. When he finally was able to go back to school, he learned that he was far behind in his studies. At age 13 he caught a cold that turned into chronic pleurisy, causing him another stay at a hospital in Liverpool. A few lung complications followed, which resulted in a treatment in yet another children's hospital, this time until 1955. Meanwhile, Richard's mother Elsie had married Harry Graves, the man who her son referred to as a \"step-ladder\". [PAR] At the age of 15 he could barely read or write, although he had aptitude for practical subjects such as woodwork and mechanics. At that time he dropped out of school and got his first job was as a delivery boy for British Rail. His second job was a barman on a ferry to New Brighton, and his next was as a trainee joiner at Henry Hunt & Sons. Ringo injured his finger on the first day of his new job, and then he decided to become a drummer. His dream came true, when his stepfather bought him a new drum kit, and Richard promised to be the best drummer ever. [PAR] In 1957, together with Eddie Miles, he started his own band called 'Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group'. At that time he became known as Ritchie, and eventually became caught in the Liverpool's Skiffle craze. Although he was self-taught, he was a good time-keeper, and developed an original beat with his signature accentuations, due to his left-handed manner of playing on the right-handed drum set. He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iron Maiden Biography | Rolling Stone Iron Maiden | Rolling Stone [PAR] artists > I > Iron Maiden > Bio [PAR] Iron Maiden Bio [PAR] Taking its name from the medieval torture device, Iron Maiden was part of England's late-Seventies crop of heavy-metal bands that boasted simple guitar riffs, bone-crunching chords and shrieking vocals. [PAR] Formed in 1976 by bassist Steve Harris (b. March 12, 1957, London) and guitarist Dave Murray (b. Dec. 23, 1958, London), Iron Maiden has had a revolving-door lineup of musicians. The first incarnation of the band was inspired by the do-it-yourself punk ethos, and the group released an EP, The Soundhouse Tapes, on its own label, Rock Hard Records. Iron Maiden, the band's 1980 debut album for major label Capitol Records, was pure, unadulterated, screaming heavy metal. It reached the Top Five in Britain; the following year's Killers went to Number 12. America was slower to embrace the denim- and leather-clad group, which distinguished itself from its peers with unusually literate songs (written by Harris) full of hellish imagery (the melting faces in \"Children of the Damned\"), with themes borrowed from films (\"The Number of the Beast,\" inspired by The Omen II) and ancient mythology (\"Flight of Icarus\"). Iron Maiden was one of the few bands of any genre to employ a mascot, a ten-foot rotting corpse named Eddie. [PAR] The Number of the Beast, featuring new vocalist Bruce Dickinson (b. Paul Bruce Dickinson, Aug. 7, 1958, Worksop, Eng.), topped the album chart in Britain and initiated a streak of seven consecutive platinum or gold albums in the United States, despite virtually no radio or MTV exposure. The followup, 1983's Piece of Mind, reached Number 14 on Billboard's Pop Albums chart, and 1984's Powerslave went to Number 21 on the Billboard 200. By then, Iron Maiden were superstars of heavy metal and remained in the Top 25 of Billboard's dominant album chart for several subsequent releases: Live After Death (Number 22, 1985), Somewhere In Time (Number 23, 1987), Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (Number 12, 1988), No Prayer for the Dying (Number 17, 1990), Fear of the Dark (Number 12, 1992). No Prayer for the Dying was Maiden's last studio album to go gold in the U.S.; it contained \"Bring Your Daughter to the Slaughter,\" a song originally recorded by Dickinson alone for the Nightmare on Elm Street, Part 5 soundtrack. Dickinson's solo version went to Number One in the U.K. Guitarist Adrian Smith (b. Feb. 27, 1957, London), who had joined in 1980, left in 1990 to form A.S.A.P. with drummer Zak Starkey, son of Ringo Starr. Janick Gers replaced Smith. Dickinson left in 1993, replaced by Blaze Bayley. [PAR] Iron Maiden weathered its numerous personnel changes without a hitch, continuing to put out albums (three live discs as well as 1995's The X Factor and 1998's Virtual XI), although they weren't as successful as the band's earlier releases. Dickinson \u2013 who became a top-rated fencer and swordsman, a published novelist (The Adventures of Lord Iffy Boatrace) and solo singer \u2013 reunited with the band in 1999, as did Smith. The revived, Dickinson-fronted Maiden went on to have a second successful career, releasing another string of charting albums including Brave New World (Number 39, 2000), Dance of Death (Number 18, 2003) and A Matter of Life and Death (Number 9, 2006). The group's three-disc greatest-hits album of 1999, Ed Hunter, spawned a namesake Maiden video game. [PAR] This biography originally appeared in The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (Simon & Schuster, 2001).[DOC] [TLE] Iron Maiden - Biography - IMDb"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olivia Newton-John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Olivia Newton-John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Olivia Newton-John [PAR] [ edit ] Early life [PAR] Newton-John was born in Cambridge , England. She is the granddaughter of Max Born , a German Nobel prize -winning physicist who fled from Germany with his wife in the 1930s in order to avoid persecution due to Born's Jewish heritage and his wife's part Jewish descent (although Olivia herself is a Christian ). Olivia's father, Brin Newton-John, originally from Wales , was an MI5 officer attached to the Enigma machine project at Bletchley Park , and the officer who took Rudolf Hess into custody when he parachuted into Scotland in May 1941. After World War II , he became a professor of German at the UNSW annex at Tighes Hill in Newcastle, Australia . [PAR] In 1954, at the age of five, Newton-John, her parents Brin and Irene, and her older siblings Hugh and Rona, relocated to Melbourne, Australia , where her father had taken a job at Melbourne University as the Master of Ormond College . Her parents divorced when she was eleven years old. [PAR] [ edit ] Early career [PAR] Newton-John magazine pin-up, early 1970s [PAR] By the age of 16, Newton-John had formed an all-girl band, Sol Four, and soon was a regular on local television (such as The Tarax Happy Show as Lovely Livvy) and radio shows in Australia. She entered a talent contest on the television programme Sing, Sing, Sing , hosted by 1960s Australian icon Johnny O'Keefe , and performed the songs \"Anyone Who Had A Heart\" and \"Everything's Coming Up Roses.\" She won the contest and received a trip to England as the prize. Initially, she did not want to go, but her mother encouraged her to broaden her horizons. [PAR] By 1963 , Newton-John was appearing on the local daytime TV shows and weekly pop programs in Australia. It was on the Go Show , where she met her lifelong friends, Pat Carroll and John Farrar . (Carroll and Farrar eventually married.) [PAR] When she was 16 years old, Newton-John returned to England to live with her mother. Newton-John was homesick in England as she missed Australia and her then boyfriend, Ian Turpie (with whom she co-starred in an independently produced Australian telefilm Funny Things Happen Down Under ). This changed when friend Pat Carroll also moved to England. The two formed a duo and toured nightclubs in Europe. After Carroll's visa expired, and she had to return to Australia, Newton-John cut her first solo single, \"Till You Say You'll Be Mine,\" backed with \"For Ever,\" for Decca Records in England in 1966 . [PAR] Newton-John's first album was titled Toomorrow [sic], which was also the name of her musical group at the time. They were the brainchild of American producer Don Kirshner , creator of The Monkees . The group also starred in the movie Toomorrow. [PAR] Although the band and film were commercially unsuccessful, Newton-John's solo career started to take off with her first solo album titled Olivia Newton-John, which was released in the United Kingdom on Pye Records . Newton-John quickly became one of Britain's most popular singers. She was voted Best British Female Vocalist two years in a row by the magazine Record Mirror. In 1968 she met The Shadows ' guitarist Bruce Welch , to whom she became engaged until 1972 . They made appearances on Cliff Richard 's weekly show It's Cliff Richard and she starred with Cliff in the telefilm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Irish Rockers - History of Irish Rock Music Irish Rockers - History of Irish Rock Music [PAR] About [PAR] Irish Rock Music Throughout The Decades [PAR] For a small country Ireland has made and continues to make a huge impact on modern music. Homegrown rock music in Ireland really started developing in the 1960s. At that time the Irish music scene was dominated by the unique Irish phenomenon of the 'Showbands' which were groups of professional performers who played at dancehalls and clubs across the country putting on a professional 'show' and playing all the American and British hits of the era. In the 1960s this was pretty much the only way a professional musician in Ireland could make a living. Two famous Irish artists that started off working in showbands but went on to put Ireland on the map as far as rock music is concerned are Van Morrison and Rory Gallagher . Van Morrison achieved international success in the 1960s with the beat group Them before launching a very successfull solo career that is still going strong in it's fourth decade. Rory Gallagher fromed the blues rock trio Taste and went on to achieve critical acclaim in his solo career which lasted until his death in 1995. He is considered by many music critics to be among the greatest rock guitarists of all time. [PAR] The early 70s saw a huge growth of Irish rock music and one band that rose to international prominence was the hard rocking Thin Lizzy led by Phil Lynott Another Irish band, Horslips broke new ground by mixing hard rock with traditional Irish music to create a new genre - Celtic Rock. They also challenged the idea that for an Irish band to be successful they had to leave the country and were the first major rock band to stay based in Ireland instead moving abroad to chase success. They created very original music and were hugely successful in Ireland but never achieved the international success that they deserved but they paved the way for another band that would remain based in Ireland and go on to dominate the music world - U2 . [PAR] In the mid-70s, with a roots revival of traditional music burgeoning, folk rock fusion groups such as Planxty and Moving Hearts as well as singer-songwriters like Christy Moore and Paul Brady rose to prominence. [PAR] The late 70s saw the onslaught of the punk rock movement and Irish bands right in the middle of the action included Northern Ireland's Stiff Little Fingers and The Undertones as well as Dublin's The Radiators and The Boomtown Rats fronted by Bob Geldof as well as the avant-garde The Virgin Prunes led by Gavin Friday . [PAR] The 1980's saw the rise to stardom of the most successful Irish rock band, U2 Since the release of 1980's Boy, U2 has grown to become one of the biggest rock bands in the world. Now in the third decade of their career they continue to achieve enormous commercial and critical success. Throughout their career U2 have kept their base firmly planted in their home town, Dublin. The band, especially front-man Bono is also well known for their social conscience and their involvement in various international causes. [PAR] The 1980's also saw the rise of The Pogues with a radical new take on traditional Irish music. Another Irish artist to rise to success in the 1980's was Sin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdad O'Connor . On the heavy metal scene guitar hero and former Thin Lizzy guitarist Gary Moore achieved success in his solo career and was regarded"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - Filmsite.org Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) is the likeably entertaining, charming and amusing comedy/drama of the friendship and camaraderie shared between the two handsome and humorous buddy leads - legendary, turn-of-the-century Western outlaws and their \"Hole in the Wall\" gang. Historical antecedents for the two daring \"Robin Hood\" outlaws actually existed, two notorious figures who were sadly anachronistic for their turn-of-the-century times: [PAR] \"Butch Cassidy\" (outlaw Robert Leroy Parker) [PAR] \"The Sundance Kid\" (outlaw Harry Longbaugh) [PAR] In the early 1900s, they came toward the tail-end of a long stream of bank/train robbers and highwaymen in the 19th century. Their exploits were perfect for a film that was intended to portray outlaws who mock and defy authority and the Establishment. After relentless pursuit by authorities, the train-robbing outlaws fled to Bolivia (after a brief stopover in New York City) with the Kid's schoolteacher-lover - hoping to find better luck. [PAR] Instead of the ultra-violence typical of other outlaw films, the screenplay (William Goldman's first screenplay - he also authored The Great Waldo Pepper (1975) and Marathon Man (1976)) and the direction of George Roy Hill focused on the endearing mis-adventures of the bandits/heroes, using impudent slapstick comedy, conventional Western action, contemporary music, and humorous dialogue to characterize the past and irreverently poke fun at typical western film cliches. The whimsical revisionist Western film, with the new \"M\" rating (for mature), although varying considerably in tone and mood, did so by imitating the styles of other cultish outlaw films, including director Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde (1967) , and the balletic graceful shootouts of Sam Peckinpah's The Wild Bunch (1969) . [PAR] The good-natured film from director George Roy Hill, one of the most popular (and highest-grossing) westerns ever made, revived the careers of two 'golden-boy' Hollywood actors: [PAR] superstar Paul Newman (in most of his previous films, he had been a rebellious loner - The Hustler (1961) , Hud (1963) , and Cool Hand Luke (1967) ) [PAR] newcomer Robert Redford - who had previously appeared in stage plays and only a few films (i.e., Barefoot in the Park (1967)) [PAR] [Warren Beatty was originally slated for the Butch role, and Steve McQueen for the Sundance Kid role.] The two male leads would again co-star (only once more) as big-screen buddies in George Roy Hill's Best Picture winner The Sting (1973), with ten Oscar nominations and seven wins. The flip-side of this light-hearted buddy picture was its major competitor of the year, the X-rated, dark Midnight Cowboy (1969) with its anti-heroes Ratso Rizzo (Dustin Hoffman) and Joe Buck (Jon Voight). [PAR] Of the seven Academy Award nominations, there were four Oscars: Goldman was awarded an Oscar for Best Story and Screenplay and Conrad Hall was honored for his cinematography. Two other statues went to Burt Bacharach for Best Song (\"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head,\" lyrics by Hal David) and Best Original Score. The other three nominations were for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Sound. [PAR] The Story [PAR] The film opens with the credits next to a sepia-toned \"film within a film\" of \"The Hole In The Wall Gang.\" The silent flicker portrays the legendary outlaw gang holding up a train. The group's exploits in the newsreel-style film bear a resemblance to, and were said to have inspired one of the earliest classic films, The Great Train Robbery (1903) , by Edwin S. Porter. A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Piano FAQ - How many keys are there on a standard piano Piano FAQ - How many keys are there on a standard piano ? [PAR] How many keys are there on a standard piano ? [PAR] Answer: [PAR] There are 88 keys on a standard piano. Out of these 52 are coloured white, the naturals, and 36 are coloured black, the accidentals or sharps and flats. [PAR] The compass of the keyboard has changed over time as the piano has developed. [PAR] Notably, the Boesendorfer Imperial Grand has a compass of 8 octaves C to C, which is 97 Keys. [PAR] If you have any comments on this page in particular [PAR] Please enter the details below: [PAR] Name:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Doors, Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John ... The Doors, Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John Densmore - Band Members - The Doors Are Open [PAR] [PAR] History of The Doors [PAR] The Doors took their name from the title of Aldous Huxley's The Doors of Perception (a reference to the \"unlocking\" of \"doors of perception\" through LSD use), Huxley's own title was a quotation from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, in which Blake wrote that \"If the doors of perception were cleansed everything would appear to man as it is, infinite.\" [PAR] Originally with Columbia Records, but when things went sour they were dropped. After a few months of live gigs as the house band of the Whisky a Go Go on sunset strip, they were signed to Elektra Records in 1967. [PAR] In 1967, the single \"Light My Fire\" eventually reached number one on the Billboard Pop Singles chart. This saw the release of their first self titled album The Doors . [PAR] By the release of their second album, Strange Days , The Doors had become one of the most popular rock bands in the United States. The Doors released their third studio album, Waiting for the Sun . Their fourth album, The Soft Parade , was released in 1969. It was the first album where the individual band members were given credit on the inner sleeve for the songs they had written. [PAR] Following The Soft Parade, The Doors released the Morrison Hotel album. After a lengthy break the group reconvened in October 1970 to record their last album with Morrison, L.A. Woman . These six albums are considered the core albums produced by the doors. There are many other albums like \"the best of\" and the like but these all have been released after Jim Morrison's death in 1971. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Jim Morrison (vocals) [PAR] James Douglas \"Jim\" Morrison (December 8, 1943 \u2013 July 3, 1971) was born in Florida, he had one sister and his father was an admiral in the navy and moved around a lot. [PAR] In 1965, after graduating from UCLA and lived in Venice Beach. Morrison and fellow UCLA student Ray Manzarek were the first two members of The Doors followed after by John Densmore and Robby Krieger. [PAR] Thought out the history of the band, Jim Morrison became one of the best live performers in the 60\u2019s. With this came arrests in Miami and New Haven for public nudity and many bouts with drink and drug of all sorts. [PAR] After the finish of the band last album, Morrison flew to Paris in March 1971 and lived on the Right Bank. After months of drink and drug fueled nights, Morrison died on July 3, 1971. He was found in a Paris apartment bathtub dead. There was no autopsy done and because the medical examiner claimed to have found no evidence of foul play. As Jim said \u201cthe future is uncertain and the end is always near\u201d. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ray Manzarek (keyboards - usually organ, some vocals) [PAR] Ray Manzarek (born February 12, 1939) is the co-founder and keyboardist of The Doors. He is the oldest member of the Doors and one of the longest serving members. [PAR] Ray Manzarek was born in Chicago, Illinois. In 1962 he studied in the Department of Cinematography at UCLA, where he met a film student named Jim Morrison. When the college had ended they met by chance on Venice Beach in California. Morrison said he had written some songs, and Manzarek expressed an"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Raymond Briggs: The Snowman is not really about Christmas ... Raymond Briggs: The Snowman is not really about Christmas, it's about death | The Independent [PAR] Raymond Briggs: The Snowman is not really about Christmas, it's about death [PAR] The beloved children's book, and subsequent animation, has been hijacked by festive sentimentality according to its author [PAR] Tuesday 11 December 2012 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] Raymond Briggs: The Snowman is not really about Christmas, it's about death [PAR] 1/2 [PAR] Raymond Briggs, the man behind the Snowman [PAR] 2/2 [PAR] The Snowman is about death not Christmas says author Raymond Briggs [PAR] Christmas wouldn\u2019t be the same without another showing for the heart-melting fantasy about a boy whose snowman creation magically comes to life. [PAR] But The Snowman was actually about death and should never have become a festive favourite, Raymond Briggs has revealed, after complaining that the film adaptation of his story was hijacked by Christmas sentimentality. [PAR] The illustrator who wrote The Snowman in 1978, has finally consented to produce a sequel to the enchanting animated story, The Snowman and The Snowdog, which will be broadcast by Channel 4 on Christmas Eve. [PAR] The original Oscar-nominated Snowman, famed for the scene of the boy and his snowman taking flight to the swelling choral ballad \"Walking In The Air\", has been screened every Christmas by Channel 4 since 1982. [PAR] Yet Briggs, 78, a self-confessed \u201cmiserable git\u201d with a Grinch-style attitude to Christmas , said that his story, which depicts the snowman melting in the morning, was designed to introduce children to the concept of mortality and should never have become a heart-warming accompaniment to mince pies and gift-giving. [PAR] \u201cThe idea was clean, nice and silent. I don\u2019t have happy endings,\u201d Briggs told the Christmas edition of Radio Times. \u201cI create what seems natural and inevitable. The snowman melts, my parents died, animals die, flowers die. Everything does. There\u2019s nothing particularly gloomy about it. It\u2019s a fact of life.\u201d [PAR] The animated version of The Snowman, which appeared four years after the book\u2019s publication, inserted \"Walking in the Air\", a motorcycle ride and a visit to Santa at the North Pole. [PAR] Briggs said: \u201cI thought, \u2018It\u2019s a bit corny and twee, dragging in Christmas\u2019, as The Snowman had nothing to do with that, but it worked extremely well.\u201d [PAR] The writer, whose 1973 bestseller Father Christmas, presented Santa as an irritable old man, grumbling about delivering presents in the cold, remains indifferent to the festive spirit. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m not a fan of Christmas, although I support the principle of a day of feasting and presents, but the anxiety starts in October: how many are coming? Are they bringing grandchildren? How long will they stay?\u201d [PAR] Briggs is however content with the Snowman sequel, which resurrects little Billy\u2019s melted playmate and introduces a mischievous pup with odd socks for ears. [PAR] \u201cIt would have been cashing in to do it before,\u201d he said. \u201cNow it won\u2019t do any harm, and it\u2019s not vulgar and American. I\u2019ve never touched a computer, or anything like that. [PAR] \u201cCGI makes everything too perfect, but they\u2019re sticking to the old ways. I\u2019m a notorious grumbler, but I found nothing to grumble about.\u201d [PAR] The 24-minute Snowman and The Snowdog costs \u00a32 million, and is made up of 200,000 individual drawings. Many of the artists worked on the original film and have sought to maintain the look of Briggs\u2019 drawings. Digital snow and lighting effects have been added, although it\u2019s unclear if the producers dared to tell Briggs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Santa Belts - New Creation Leathercraft CUSTOM HANDMADE SANTA BELTS [PAR] BACK TO BELT LIST [PAR] Hi Greg, I got home late last night from our daughters wedding in Florida . I new from your e-mail the belt would be at our home before me . Even though I had a great time my mind was on seeing your creation . The wait was killing me but well worth it, absolutely stunning and great craftsmanship it's truly a Santa belt. Some of my ideas and your insight brought every thing to life. I really love the wide belt keep with the Praying hands and the Cross in the upper corner it says every thing about the reason for the season. My first gig is Thursday and I can't wait to see what people think, I will send you some pictures in full dress , thank you very much it was a pleasure talking to you and working with you on this again thanks and God bless . Santa Guy [PAR] Hey Greg, I had a great year as Santa and had a lot of complements on my belt that you made for me . I'm sending a couple of pics as promised for you to see and use if you want, thanks again for a GREAT job and a wonderful looking belt. [PAR] BACK TO BELT LIST [PAR] Santa Caliguri's new belt. Reindeer with their names separated by holly leaves and double stitch look with arches/grass border. Also to have a little more black to better match his boots, both the double stitch border was done all black. Snowflakes around the holes....nice! [PAR] Greg, I received the order the same day I received your e-mail. Oh my, what a wonderful surprise! The belt is so beautiful I wanted to sleep with it \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd but alas, Mrs. Claus said NO- ho, ho, ho! I now know what a Master Craftsman can do! [PAR] Greg, the Santa belt is the most beautiful leather crafting I have ever seen or thought possible. I am also very pleased with the Rudolph belt-bag and Santa wallet. I wore it for a Christmas in July event in Aiken SC, and received many compliments! Words can\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt sufficiently express my thanks! Santacerely, Santa Len [PAR] BACK TO BELT LIST [PAR] Santa Jon's new belt! A reddish brown \"reindeer\" belt with all the reindeer names on it with a Tim Allen border to it. Great looking matching bag as well...nice combo! Tapered design 4\" down to 3\", solid brass buckle. [PAR] Greg, Just received my belt, bell holders, and pouch! You are absolutely AWESOME!!!! I was almost in tears (I know - right - a grown man crying over some leather). You are a fantastic, gifted, craftsman and I will always be in debt to you for helping me and everyone else you serve - all of us Santa's bring the magic back into the world. [PAR] I am so thrilled.....thank you. Santa Jon [PAR] BACK TO BELT LIST [PAR] Santa Wirth's New Belt! All the reindeer names with Christmas Tree/Stockings/Candy Cane/Dog print/Stocking/etc separating them. Holly leaf border and Reindeer tracks around the holes and scattered snowflakes throughout. SC on the Keeper. Nice combination of stamps! [PAR] I wanted to take a moment and thank you for this exceptional belt. I have shown it to a number of people and it is a consensus this is a belt worthy of Santa himself. I have always been proud to say I am Mall quality or better but this type of add on pushes me past that. It is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Santa's Little Helper - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Santa's Little Helper | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Santa's Little Helper races at the Springfield Downs . [PAR] History [PAR] Homer was relying on a Christmas bonus to buy presents, but didn't get it. He was relying on this bonus because the jar of Christmas money that Marge accumulates for the family's Christmas treats was disposed of to pay for the removal of a tattoo that Bart got on his arm. Homer took the small amount of Christmas money he made working as Santa Claus at the Springfield Mall and bet it at the dog track. He had inside information on what dog was going to win, but instead bet on the \"long shot,\" Santa's Little Helper, believing his name to be a sign. Santa's Little Helper finished last (apparently, it was the latest in a long string of last-place finishes), and his frustrated owner abandoned him. Homer and Bart brought him home, and everyone was so happy with him that it was a merry Christmas after all. [1] [PAR] Snowball II , Maggie and Santa's Little Helper together for a picture [PAR] Sometimes, Santa's Little Helper can be seen chewing on the newspaper and other objects in the Simpson's household (sometimes ignored or tolerated by the family), tearing up the furniture, digging holes in the backyard and eating food from the living room table. It is stated that Homer and Santa's Little Helper's birthdays are on the same day. [2] [PAR] With a few exceptions, Santa's Little Helper doesn't make any sound that resembles a bark. However, he does have an ability to think just like a person. Once, he made a sound similar to \"chewy\", and Homer writes it down in his review, amazed that the dog spoke English. [3] He is also shown to have ridden a circus ball on his hind legs and speak the phrase 'We love... you!' in an attempt to be given some attention from the Simpson family. [4] In addition, he was mascot of Duff Beer , and was known as Suds McDuff (a reference to a similar, real life mascot Spuds MacKenzie). [5] [PAR] Santa's Little Helper licking Bart [PAR] Santa's Little Helper's life with the Simpsons is not always easy. Due to his disobedience and destructive behavior nearly caused the Simpson family to give him away, but he passed an obedience class, thus he could stay. [6] Santa's Little Helper almost passed away from gastric torsion (referred to in the show as a \"twisting of the stomach\") because Homer initially couldn't afford $750 for the required operation. [7] He also broke two legs when Bart's treehouse was demolished by Mr. Burns ' slanted oil well drill (The latter of which caused Bart Simpson to hate Mr. Burns immensely). [8] Santa's Little Helper is sometimes a bad dog. [PAR] At one time, Santa's Little Helper was shortly abandoned by Bart for Laddie , a purebred and very well-trained dog he bought from a mail-order catalog together with various other expensive gifts and gadgets. To do that, Bart used a credit card he applied for under the name of his dog, yet the credit card company misread the form and issued a card to Mr. \"Santos L. Halper\". Laddie learned many tricks that Santa's Little Helper was completely unable to perform (most notably a back flip, CPR and using a toilet). The Simpson family nearly forgot about their old pet, and Bart eventually gave him away instead of Laddie when repo men take back everything he fraudulently purchased."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrooge (1935) \"A Christmas Carol\" with Seymour Hicks ... Scrooge (1935) Charles Dickens' \"A Christmas Carol\" [PAR] Starring Seymour Hicks [Complete Film] [PAR] Scrooge is a 1935 British fantasy film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Sir Seymour Hicks, Donald Calthrop and Robert Cochran. Hicks appears as Ebenezer Scrooge, the miser who hates Christmas. It was the first sound version of the Charles Dickens classic A Christmas Carol, not counting a 1928 short subject that now appears to be lost. Hicks had previously played the role of Scrooge on the stage many times beginning in 1901, and again in a 1913 British silent film version. [PAR] The 1935 film differs from all other versions of the story in one significant way - most of the ghosts, including that of Jacob Marley, are not actually shown onscreen, although their voices are heard. Only the Ghost of Christmas Present (Oscar Asche) is actually seen in full figure - the Ghost of Christmas Past is a mere shape with no discernible facial features, Marley's Ghost is seen only briefly as a face on the door knocker, and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is just an outstretched pointing finger. [PAR] Why the film was made this way remains unclear; it is obviously not because British filmmakers could not achieve special effects, since we do see Marley's face superimposed on Scrooge's door knocker. [PAR] Another aspect making this film different from other versions of the story is that Seymour Hicks plays both the old and young Scrooge, rather straining the credulity of the audience, since by this time, the sixty-four year old actor was visibly too aged to convincingly play a young man. [PAR] The story is also severely truncated, even more than in the 1938 MGM film version, although the 1935 version is actually slightly longer. Much time is spent at the beginning of the film - before any of the ghosts appear - setting up the atmosphere of rich and poor London. Scrooge's sister Fan and Fezziwig are completely omitted from this version. [PAR] This is the first of only two sound versions in which Tiny Tim is actually seen lying dead. In the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come sequence Bob Cratchit grieves at Tim's bedside. The 1999 Patrick Stewart version also contains this scene. [PAR] Maurice Evans appears briefly as a man harassed by Scrooge to pay his debts. Donald Calthrop portrays a Bob Cratchit who bears an uncanny physical resemblance to John Leech's illustrations of the character in the original 1843 edition of the novel. [PAR] Two versions of this film exist; each has a differently designed opening credits sequence, and one of the two versions omits the very last scenes. Sir Seymour Hicks - Ebenezer Scrooge Donald Calthrop - Bob Cratchit Robert Cochran - Fred Mary Glynne - Belle Garry Marsh - Belle's husband Oscar Asche - Spirit of Christmas Present Marie Ney - Spirit of Christmas Past C.V. France - Spirit of Christmas Future Athene Seyler - Scrooge's charwoman Maurice Evans - Poor man Mary Lawson - Poor man's wife Barbara Everest - Mrs. Cratchit Eve Gray - Fred's wife Morris Harvey - Poulterer with Prize Turkey Philip Frost - Tiny Tim D.J. Williams - Undertaker Margaret Yarde - Scrooge's laundress Hugh E. Wright - Old Joe Charles Carson - Middlemark Hubert Harben - Worthington [PAR] A Christmas Carol is a novella by English author Charles Dickens, first published by Chapman & Hall on 19 December 1843. The story tells of sour and stingy Ebenezer Scrooge's ideological, ethical, and emotional transformation resulting from supernatural"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London's Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is traditionally ... London's Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is trad... - Brainly.com [PAR] This Is a Certified Answer [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Certified answers contain reliable, trustworthy information vouched for by a hand-picked team of experts. Brainly has millions of high quality answers, all of them carefully moderated by our most trusted community members, but certified answers are the finest of the finest. [PAR] London's Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is traditionally given by NORWAY. [PAR] The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is donated by the City of Oslo in Norway to the people of Britain. This practice began in 1947. It is displayed in the square from the beginning of December until 6th January of the next year. [PAR] The Christmas tree is a symbol of thanks from the people of Norway to the people of Britain when British support was given to Norway during the World War II. [PAR] A Christmas tree cutting ceremony happens every November in Norway and it is attended by the British Ambassador to Norway, Mayor of Oslo, and Lord Mayor of Westminster. The tree is then shipped to Great Britain and displayed in the Trafalgar Square with traditional Norwegian decor and 500 white lights.[DOC] [TLE] The Trafalgar Square Christmas Tree in London - The ... The Trafalgar Square Christmas Tree in London - The Florida StandardThe Florida Standard [PAR] Home / Blog /The Trafalgar Square Christmas Tree in London [PAR] The Trafalgar Square Christmas Tree in London [PAR] December 13, 2012 [PAR] Stewart Rushton No Comments on The Trafalgar Square Christmas Tree in London [PAR] This is the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree, in the center of London. The tree has been donated to the people of London by the city of Oslo each year since 1947. The tree is prominently displayed in London\u2019s Trafalgar Square during the Christmas season. The Christmas tree is typically a 50 to 60 year-old Norway spruce, generally over 20 metres tall (65 feet). The tree is cut sometime in November during a ceremony attended by the British Ambassador to Norway, the Mayor of Oslo, and the Lord Mayor of Westminster. After the tree is cut it is shipped to Great Britain by sea. The Trafalgar Square tree is decorated in a traditional Norwegian style, and adorned with 500 white lights. At the base of the tree stands a plaque, bearing the words: [PAR] This tree is given by the city of Oslo as a token of Norwegian gratitude to the people of London for their assistance during the years 1940-45. [PAR] When Norway was invaded in 1940, the King of Norway, Haakon VII, sought refuge in Britain and the Norwegian government was established in London. To most Norwegians, London represented the spirit of freedom during these difficult war years. From London, news broadcasts were made in Norwegian and this inspired the people of Norway and kept their hope of freedom alive. [PAR] This year the tree stands at 33 metres high (110 feet), and is 90 years old. The tree lighting ceremony in Trafalgar Square takes place on the first Thursday in December and is attended by thousands of people. The ceremony, led by the Lord Mayor of Westminster, and a Mayoral party from Oslo, includes a band and choir followed by the lighting of the tree, traditionally, the tree provides a focal point forChristmas Carol Singers. For many in London, the tree and the accompanying caroling, signals the countdown to Christmas. The tree will be lit from noon until midnight each day until Monday 5 January, after which the tree will be recycled."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three Kings Balthazar, Gaspar, Melchior. - CNN iReport Three Kings Balthazar, Gaspar, Melchior. - CNN iReport [PAR] Three Kings Balthazar, Gaspar, Melchior. [PAR] By alius911 | Posted January 6, 2013 | Kaunas, Lithuania [PAR] [PAR] CNN PRODUCER NOTE [PAR] alius911 photographed the Catholic celebration of the Three Kings in Kaunas, Lithuania, on January 6. He says the Three Kings was a procession that took place with more than 100 people accompanying them. He says it is a popular event in Lithuania, and it happens at the end of the Christmas festive period. [PAR] This iReport was featured on the January 2013 iReport for CNN program on CNN International. [PAR] - Jareen , CNN iReport producer [PAR] According to tradition dating back to medieval times, their names were Balthasar, Gaspar (or Casper), and Melchior. They are often depicted as representing the three races. The Bible says they came from the East, but exactly where is not known. Arabia, Babylon, and Persia are popular choices. According to one tradition, Balthasar was king of Arabia, Gaspar was king of India, and Melchior was king of Persia. [PAR] An 8th century saint, Bede the Venerable, described the kings this way: \"The first was called Melchior; he was an old man, with white hair and long beard; he offered gold to the Lord as to his king. The second, Gaspar by name, young, beardless, of ruddy hue, offered to Jesus his gift of incense, the homage due to Divinity. The third, of black complexion, with heavy beard, was called Baltasar; the myrrh he held in his hands prefigured the death of the Son of man.\" [PAR] The Bible, however, does not describe the kings or reveal their names. In fact, it does not call them kings at all, but simply Magi, or Wise Men. The Magi were a Median priestly caste who rose to power in ancient Persia (today's Iran). Their religion, Zoroastrianism, was founded around the 6th century BC by a Median man named Zoroaster. The Magi were held in awe as highly educated scientists and scholars who could interpret dreams and even control demons. [PAR] iReport 101"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GOOD KING WENCESLAS-Christmas Carol-Villancico - YouTube GOOD KING WENCESLAS-Christmas Carol-Villancico - YouTube [PAR] GOOD KING WENCESLAS-Christmas Carol-Villancico [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 30, 2007 [PAR] GOOD KING WENCESLAS with LYRICS below [PAR] IMAGES: SAINT WENCESLAUS I [PAR] DUKE OF BOHEMIA (907-935 A.D.) [PAR] Although V\u00e1clav (Wenceslas) was, during his lifetime, only a duke, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I posthumously CONFERRED ON WENCESLAS (VACLAV) THE REGAL DIGNITY AND TITLE, and that is why, in the history of his life and song, he is referred to as a KING, the Rightfully called King Wenceslas I. [PAR] The lyrics of the carol are by John Mason Neale, Warden of Sackville College, East Grinstead, Sussex (1818-1866). He may have written his carol some time earlier, since he carried on the history of St. Wenceslas on which it is based in his Deeds of Faith (1849). Neale was known for his devotion to High Church traditions. According to older Czech sources, Neale's lyrics are a translation of a poem by Czech poet V\u00e1clav Alois Svoboda, written in Czech, German and Latin. [PAR] MUSIC:THE SYMPHONETTE SOCIETY [PAR] Good King Wenceslas looked out [PAR] On the feast of Stephen, [PAR] When the snow lay round about, [PAR] Deep and crisp and even. [PAR] Brightly shown the moon that night, [PAR] Though the frost was cruel, [PAR] When a poor man came in sight, [PAR] Gathering winter fuel. [PAR] Hither, page, and stand by me. [PAR] If thou know it telling: [PAR] Yonder peasant, who is he? [PAR] Where and what his dwelling? [PAR] Sire, he lives a good league hence, [PAR] Underneath the mountain, [PAR] Right against the forest fence [PAR] By Saint Agnes fountain. [PAR] Bring me flesh, and bring me wine. [PAR] Bring me pine logs hither. [PAR] Thou and I will see him dine [PAR] When we bear the thither. [PAR] Page and monarch, forth they went, [PAR] Forth they went together [PAR] Through the rude wind's wild lament [PAR] And the bitter weather. [PAR] Sire, the night is darker now, [PAR] And the wind blows stronger. [PAR] Fails my heart, I know not how. [PAR] I can go no longer. [PAR] Ark my footsteps my good page, [PAR] Tread thou in them boldly: [PAR] Thou shalt find the winter's rage [PAR] Freeze thy blood less coldly. [PAR] In his master's step he trod, [PAR] Where the snow lay dented. [PAR] Heat was in the very sod [PAR] Which the Saint had printed. [PAR] Therefore, Christian men, be sure, [PAR] Wealth or rank possessing, [PAR] Ye who now will bless the poor [PAR] Shall yourselves find blessing."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Most Confusing Christmas Music Lyrics Explained (VIDEO The Most Confusing Christmas Music Lyrics Explained (VIDEO) - The Daily Beast [PAR] Who Is Parson Brown? [PAR] The Most Confusing Christmas Music Lyrics Explained (VIDEO) [PAR] Who is Parson Brown? What is figgy pudding? And how, exactly, do you don gay apparel? A glossary of what all those strange phrases in classic Christmas songs really mean. [PAR] Kevin Fallon [PAR] 12.24.14 10:45 AM ET [PAR] We happily hoist our egg nog in the air, embrace each other, and raise our out-of-tune voices in song. And we have no idea what in Santa\u2019s name we\u2019re singing. [PAR] Each holiday season, the masses carol about \u201cfiggy pudding\u201d and \u201cgay apparel\u201d and someone named Parson Brown, mostly ignorant to the meaning of these antiquated phrases and references to things long past. In the spirit of finding the true meaning of Christmas, we thought it best to find the true meaning of these befuddling Christmas song lyrics. Here, a glossary to the most confusing. [PAR] \u2018We Wish You a Merry Christmas\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Oh, bring us a figgy pudding\u2019 [PAR] Whether carolers would truly like for someone to bring them some figgy pudding, as they demand in \u201cWe Wish You a Merry Christmas,\u201d depends on their fondness for another classic holiday dessert. It\u2019s \u201ca little bit like fruitcake,\u201d baking expert Dorie Greenspan told NPR\u2019s Michele Norris on All Things Considered. \u201cI was afraid to say it because fruitcake has such a bad reputation, but [figgy pudding] is steamed; it\u2019s chockablock with dried fruits; it\u2019s so boozy\u2026it\u2019s delicious.\u201d It was popularized as a holiday dessert in 16th-century England and also is known as Christmas pudding or plum pudding. Over the years, its popularity has waned significantly. [PAR] \u2018A Holly Jolly Christmas\u2019 [PAR] \u2018I don\u2019t know if there\u2019ll be snow but have a cup of cheer\u2019 [PAR] There\u2019s a cute play on words going on here. It\u2019s Christmas, bucko, so look happy! But as some of us know all too well, \u201ccup of cheer\u201d refers more specifically to a brimming cup of holiday happy juice. Booze. Whether it\u2019s spiked egg nog, mulled cider, or some other libation, the narrator here is inviting listeners to raise a glass, drink, and be merry. [PAR] \u2018Sleigh Ride\u2019 [PAR] \u2018It\u2019ll nearly be like a picture print [PAR] by Currier and Ives\u2019 [PAR] Currier and Ives was a printmaking firm based out of New York City from 1834 to 1907. Founded by Nathaniel Currier, who later partnered with James Merritt Ives, the firm described itself as \u201cpublishers of cheap and popular prints,\u201d most of which were lithographs depicting the spectrum of American life. Extremely popular were the winter landscapes, which featured utopian winter scenes of couples riding horse-drawn carriages through the snow or families ice skating on picturesque ponds. In \u201cSleigh Ride,\u201d the narrator is painting a scene so perfect that it could be featured on an iconic Currier and Ives print. [PAR] \u2018Winter Wonderland\u2019 [PAR] \u2018In the meadow we can build a snowman then pretend that he is Parson Brown\u2019 [PAR] One line in \u201cWinter Wonderland\u201d has stopped countless people dead in their tracks. Who is Parson Brown, and why are these people making a snowman that looks like him? Given that in 1934, when the song was written, the most famous Parson Brown was a Florida orange grower , lyricist Richard B. Smith was likely referring to a fictional pastor. During that period, Protestant ministers were called \u201cparsons\u201d and would travel from town to town to performing weddings for couples who didn\u2019t have a local minister of their faith"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christmas Cards | First Christmas Card Christmas Cards | First Christmas Card [PAR] Christmas > Christmas Decorating > CHRISTMAS PARTY PLANNING [PAR] First Christmas Card [PAR] The sending of Christmas greeting cards began in the Victorian era. Although engravers produced prints with religious themes in the European Middle Ages, the first commercial Christmas and New Year's card is believed to have been designed and printed in London, England in 1843. John Callcott Horsley (1817-1903), a British narrative painter and a Royal Academician, designed the very first Christmas and New Year's card at the request of his friend Sir Henry Cole (first director of the Victoria and Albert Museum). Cole suggested the idea of a specially designed form of greeting to send to friends at Christmas . In 1843 an edition of 1,000 of these Christmas cards were printed and placed on sale in London . [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] They were printed in lithography by Jobbins of Warwick Court, Holborn, London, and hand-colored by a professional \"colourer\" named Mason. The cards were published under Sir Henry Cole's nom de guerre, \"Felix Summerly\"\u2014by his friend Joseph Cundall, of New Bond Street. [PAR] [PAR] This card, one of 18 cards produced 167 years ago and still known to exist, was auctioned by Sotheby's in 2010 and sold for $7000. This particular card was was sent to a \"Miss Rusby\" from an \"H. Vernon\", produced by Sir Henry Cole and published by Summerley\u2019s Home Treasury Office, 12, Old Bond Street, London. [Image from Daily Mail ] [PAR] [PAR] That was the beginning. But in spite of its ingenuity, the first Christmas card was not an instant success, even bringing about disapproval from the temperance league who feared the card would encourage drunkenness. The following year there were other picture-makers, and the Christmas card was launched on the tide of popular favor; but it was not until the idea had grown out of favor among artistic and literary circles that it was taken up by a business man, Goodall. Charles Goodall & Son, a British publisher of visiting cards was one of the first to mass produce Christmas cards and visiting cards. In 1866 Mr. Josiah Goodall commissioned Messrs. Marcus Ward & Co., of Belfast, to lithograph, for his firm, a set of four designs by C. H. Bennett, and in the following year another set by the same artist. These, together with Luke Limner's border design of holly, mistletoe, and robins, may be taken as the forerunners of today\u2019s Christmas card. [PAR] [PAR] Christmas Dinner Menu [PAR] [PAR] The Christmas card publishing industry created unheard of opportunities for artists, writers, printers, and engravers. In 1880 the Christmas card had a new birth, for it was then that a great London firm offered five hundred guineas in prizes for the most artistic designs. Many of the great artists of the day responded with their best ideas. Kate Greenaway, Walter Crane, and Thomas Crane were among the many 19th century artists famous for their greeting card designs. In addition, literary writers saw the opportunity; they gave to the beauty of the painting the music of their words. Many well-known writers were not above this profitable work of creating greeting cards. Thousands of pounds were spent in finding the right poems and suitable Christmas sentiments, until at last these Yuletide offerings reached the climax of their literary and artistic excellence. [PAR] An original copy of Horsley\u2019s Christmas card is considered very rare. The Christmas card publishers, Messrs De La Rue, reproduced the original design by chromolithography in 1881; and then copies of this reprint were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Railway Museum National Railway Museum [PAR] Welcome [PAR] National Railway Museum [PAR] Discover 300 years of history and 1,000,000 objects that changed the world in the UK's largest railway museum. [PAR] York open 10am-5pm [PAR] Find us on Facebook [PAR] Future Engineers [PAR] In October 2016 the National Railway Museum joined forces with three UK rolling stock companies to launch Future Engineers, an interactive exhibition which inspired young visitors to think about how they could shape the railways of tomorrow.[DOC] [TLE] York England: National Railway Museum - Burgess Broadcast York England: National Railway Museum [PAR] York's National Railway Museum [PAR] The National Railway Museum, along Leeman Road behind the train station, is the world's biggest railway museum, with 103 locomotives dating from the early years of rail travel to the present day, and 176 carriages and other rolling stock. It is particularly fitting that the museum should be in York, a major railway center since the entrepreneur George Hudson brought the railways to the city in 1839. [PAR] The first train steamed into York in 1839 to a wooden platform in Queen Street, but George Hudson, recognizing the potential of the railways, built a grander station, the fore runner of the present station. From here, he built up a railway empire that covered a quarter of the railway network and contributed greatly to York's commercial success in the 19th century. Hudson was Lord Mayor of York three times and a Member of Parliament before shady financial dealings came to light and he was disgraced. [PAR] Links of Interest:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elves - Myths and Legends Wiki - Wikia Elves | Myths and Legends Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Myths and Legends Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] An elf (plural elves) is a being of Germanic mythology . The elves were originally thought of as a race of divine beings ( wights , v\u00e6ttir ) endowed with magical powers , which they use both for the benefit and the injury of mankind. In medieval Norse mythology , they appear to have been divided into light elves and dark elves , difficult to delineate from the \u00c6sir ( gods ) on one hand and the dvergar ( dwarves ) on the other. [PAR] In early modern and modern folklore, they become associated with the fairies of Romance folklore and assume a diminutive size, often living mainly in forests but also underground in hills or rocks, or in wells and springs. 19th-century Romanticism attempted to restore them to full stature making them men and women of great beauty. They were often depicted as very young, probably adolescents as male elves lack facial hair. [PAR] From their depiction in Romanticism, elves entered the 20th-century high fantasy genre in the wake of the published work of J. R. R. Tolkien (especially the posthumous publication of his Silmarillion where Tolkien's treatment of the relation of light elves , dark elves and dwarves is made explicit). [PAR] The \" Christmas elves \" of contemporary pop culture were popularized during the 1870s in the United States , in publications such as Godey's Lady's Book . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The English word elf is from the Old English \u00e6lf or elf, in reference to a midget, themselves from the Proto-Germanic *albiz which also resulted in Old Norse \u00e1lfr, Middle High German elbe. *Albiz may be from the Proto-Indo-European root *albh- meaning \"white\", from which also stems the Latin albus \"white\". [1 ] Alternatively, a connection to the Rbhus , semi-divine craftsmen in Indian mythology, has also been suggested( OED ). [PAR] Originally \u00e6lf/elf and its plural \u00e6lfe were the masculine forms, while the corresponding feminine form (first found in eighth century glosses ) was \u00e6lfen or elfen (with a possible feminine plural -\u00e6lfa, found in dun\u00e6lfa) which became the Middle English elven, using the feminine suffix -en from the earlier -inn which derives from the Proto-Germanic *-innja). The fact that cognates exist (such as the German elbinne) could suggest a West Germanic *alb(i)innjo, but this is uncertain, as the examples may be simply a transference to the weak declension common in Southern and Western forms of Middle English. The Middle English forms with this weak declension were aluen(e) and eluen(e). By the earlier eleventh century \u00e6lf could denote a female. [PAR] The Modern German Elf (m), Elfe (f), Elfen is a loan from English. A masculine Elb is reconstructed from the plural by Jacob Grimm , Deutsches W\u00f6rterbuch , who rejects Elfe as a (then, in the 1830s) recent anglicism. Elb (m, plural Elbe or Elben) is a reconstructed term, while Elbe (f) is attested in Middle High German . Alb, Alp (m), plural Alpe has the meaning of \" incubus \" ( Old High German alp, plural *alp\u00ee or *elp\u00ee). Gothic has no direct testimony of *albs, plural *albeis, but Procopius has the personal name Albila. [PAR] Germanic mythology [PAR] Edit [PAR] Further information: Germanic mythology Jacob Grimm discusses \" Wights and Elves\" comparatively in chapter 17 of his Teutonic Mythology . He notes that the Elder Edda couples the \u00c6sir and the \u00e1lfar, a conjunction that recurs in Old English \u00eas and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colors of Flags Colors of Flags [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Colors of Flags [PAR] FOTW Topical Index [PAR] At the International Congress of Vexillology (ICV) held in Victoria, Canada, last year (1999) , I presented a paper (prepared by Theo Stylianides and myself) entitled VEXISTATS - A statistical overview of the colours, symbols and designs of national flags in the 20th Century. This paper dealt with the design, colours and symbols used on flags in 1917, 1939, 1958, 1970 and 1999 and has a number of tables showing use of colours, symbols/emblems etc. and highlighted the trends which emerged over the century. [PAR] The basic contents of the paper included [PAR] Colours - number and type of colours; colour by continent, flag area covered by colour; [PAR] Symbols - type of symbols, symbol by continent; [PAR] Proportion - proportion, proportion by continent; [PAR] Design - equal/unequal stripes, cantons, triangles, borders etc. [PAR] This paper won the International Association of Flagmakers Award at the ICV for being one of the most interesting and unusual papers presented at the Congress. [PAR] Bruce Berry, 29 May 2000 [PAR] Colours [PAR] The analysis of the number of colours used on flags between 1917 and 1999 reveals that the use of three colours is by far the most popular (Table 1), although this has declined between 1917 and 1999. The use of a single colour is negligible, the only examples being the plain red flag of Muscat and Oman in 1958 and 1970 and the green banner currently used by Libya. The use of bi-coloured flags increased between 1917 and 1939 but has since declined from the peak of 38% in 1939 to 25% currently. While having three colours is the most popular, this has also declined from a high of 61% in 1917 to 45% in 1999. There was a slight increase from between 1958 (51%) to 1970 (53%), possibly due to the large number of newly independent African countries whose flags use a three-colour combination. The use of more than three colours has increased with four- (23% in 1999), five- (6% in 1999) and even a six-colour flag currently being in use. The increase in the number of colours can be explained by the improvements in flag manufacturing technology together with the cultural preferences of the African, Asian and Caribbean countries which gained independence in the latter half of the century. [PAR] Table 1 - Percentage of flags with a given number of colours (1917-1999) [PAR] % of flags with [PAR] 100 [PAR] 100 [PAR] Tables 2 and 3 deal with the number of colours by continent in 1999. Table 2 gives the percentage of flags in each continent with a given number of colours and shows that over 70% of African flags contain three or four colours, while nearly 60% of the flags in America are three-coloured. Asia, by contrast, has almost an equal number of two-, three- and four-coloured flags. Table 3 shows where the numbers of colours on flags are located in the world in 1999. It is interesting to note that the only countries using a single-coloured flag (Libya) - the least number of colours currently used on a national flag - and a six-coloured flag (South Africa) - the most colours on a national flag - are both located in Africa. [PAR] Table 2 - Percentage of flags in each continent with a given number of colours (1999) [PAR] % of flags with [PAR] Table 3 - Percentage of 1, 2, ..., 6 colour flags by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Are the Stars in Orion's Belt? - Universe Today What Are the Stars in Orion's Belt? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] What Are the Stars in Orion\u2019s Belt? [PAR] Article Updated: 23 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Elizabeth Howell [PAR] Orion dominates the winter sky in the northern hemisphere. Its large size and collection of bright stars \u2014 such as Betelgeuse at the shoulder, Rigel below the belt, and the three stars in the belt \u2014 make it easy to spot, even for beginning stargazers. [PAR] So how about those stars in the belt? They\u2019re one of the most famous asterisms in Western culture, but beyond what we see with our eyes, what are their astronomical properties? [PAR] Introduction to Orion [PAR] First, a brief word about the constellation itself. In many mythologies, the shape is seen as a human figure \u2014 and in Greek mythology, it was named after a hunter, according to a web page from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory . [PAR] There are several \u201creasons\u201d in mythology for why Orion ended up in the sky. One was because he was too boastful about how many animals he could kill \u2014 so he was put there to teach humility, since he and his dogs (Canis Major and Canis Minor) chase after animals in the sky but can\u2019t catch them. Some say he died from a scorpion bite, and other legends say he was killed by his lover Artemis accidentally, when her brother Apollo tricked her to shooting an arrow at him. [PAR] Wide angle shot of Comet Lovejoy with the constellation Orion, showing rich fields of red nebula, star clouds and dark nebula with the bright green naked eye comet. Credit and copyright: Chris Schur. [PAR] Because Orion is on the celestial equator, Chandra adds, it is easy to see all over the world: \u201cAncient Indians saw the figure as a king who had been shot by an arrow (represented by the stars in Orion\u2019s belt). Ancient Egyptians thought the stars in the belt represented the resting place of the soul of the god Osiris. The Arabs saw the constellation as the figure of a giant.\u201d [PAR] The Orion\u2019s belt stars [PAR] The three stars in the belt are Mintaka, Alnilam and Alnitak. According to an astronomer with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Ronald Maddlaena , these are the meanings of the three stars: Mintaka (on the west) means \u201cbelt\u201d, Alnilam (in center) means \u201cbelt of pearls\u201d and Altnitak (right) means \u201cgirdle.\u201d The three range between 800 and 1,000 light-years from Earth. [PAR] The stars \u201cprobably formed at about the same time some ten million years ago from the molecular clouds astronomers have found in Orion,\u201d wrote Maddalena. [PAR] In this image, the submillimetre-wavelength glow of the dust clouds is overlaid on a view of the region in the more familiar visible light, from the Digitized Sky Survey 2. The large bright cloud in the upper right of the image is the well-known Orion Nebula, also called Messier 42. Credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2 [PAR] Here are their properties compared to the Sun: [PAR] Mintaka: 20 times more massive and 7,000 times brighter. (Surface temperature 60,000 Fahrenheit.) [PAR] Alnilam: 20 times more massive and 18,000 times brigher. (Surface temperature 50,000 Fahrenheit.) [PAR] Alnitak: 20 times more massive and 10,000 times brighter. (Surface temperature 60,000 Fahrenheit). [PAR] To further blow your mind \u2014 these stars also have companion stars orbiting with them, so what you see from Earth with the naked eye isn\u2019t necessarily what you always get. [PAR] We have written many articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pandora's Box - God of War Wiki - Wikia Pandora's Box | God of War Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The Box was created by Hephaestus , by the order of Zeus , to contain the Evils created by the Titanomachy . Knowing that no mere metal could contain the Evils of the world, Hephaestus forged the Box out of a Power greater than that of the Gods: the Flame of Olympus . The Flame, as lethal as it was beautiful, would kill all who dared touch it, therefore being the perfect safeguard for the Box. The key to pacifying the Flame was a child Hephaestus created from the flame itself - Pandora . Knowing that Zeus would take Pandora from him, Hephaestus tricked Zeus into believing that placing the Box on the back of Cronos would be the safest place, thus hereby saving Pandora, and condemning Cronos to a life of agony. [PAR] The brilliant architect, Pathos Verdes III , was tasked to build a temple to house the Box, ensuring that none would be able to reach it. Over time, he descended into madness, and the temple's puzzles grew more vicious and complex accordingly. He would eventually commit suicide, leaving the temple somewhat unfinished. [PAR] Although many would-be heroes and treasure seekers fell to the traps of Pandora's Temple seeking the Box, only Kratos would claim the powerful artifact in order to kill Ares. As he found it, however, it was immediately stolen by Harpies as Ares himself slew Kratos. The God of War then chained the Box to his wrist, threatening to unleash it on Olympus itself. [PAR] However, Kratos returned from the Underworld due to help of the mysterious gravedigger and reclaimed the Box from Ares using Zeus' Fury. At long last, he opened it and drew from its power, allowing him to meet Ares in battle and eventually kill him with the Blade of the Gods. That would seemingly bring the role of Pandora's Box to an end, but this would not be so, for the power of the Box would still rest in Kratos even after he became the new God of War. [PAR] God of War II [PAR] Edit [PAR] Unbeknownst to Kratos, the opening of the Box would have grave consequences on the world. After Pandora's Box was opened, the Evils of the Titanomachy escaped and infected the Gods, which caused them to become paranoid and power hungry. Zeus himself fell prey to his own Evil-Fear, causing him to begin his campaign to kill Kratos for fear of falling victim to the father-son cycle his own father started all those years ago. He grew obsessed with the prophecy that foretold the destruction of Olympus by mortal hands. Those fears seem to be accurate since Kratos was angry about the trick the Gods played on him, in which they forgive his crimes, yet didn't remove the nightmares. However, despite all these fears and reasonable thoughts, it would be Zeus's actions that would cause Kratos to want to act out of revenge. [PAR] In God of War III, it was revealed that this Fear also motivated Zeus to confront Hephaestus about how Kratos retrieved the Box from the seemingly-unassailable hiding place atop Cronos. Beating the Smith God horribly, he learned of Pandora's role as a key to the Flame of Olympus-the true safest place to hide the Box-and took Pandora away from Hephaestus while turning him into a crippled monster and leaving him in the torment of The Forge. Also in God of War III, it revealed that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frequently Asked Questions | How to Play Backgammon Frequently Asked Questions | How to Play Backgammon [PAR] How to Play Backgammon [PAR] What is the Aim of Backgammon? [PAR] The object of Backgammon is to remove (bear off) all your checkers from the board. [PAR] Who invented Backgammon? [PAR] No one knows who invented Backgammon. Currently evidence including early dice made of human bones indicates Backgammon originated around 5,000 years ago in what today is known as Iraq. [PAR] How many pieces does each player start with in a game of Backgammon? [PAR] Each player starts with 15 checkers of their own colour. [PAR] How many points are on a Backgammon Board? [PAR] There are 24 points on a backgammon board. [PAR] What is a Gammon? [PAR] This is when a game ends and the loser has not removed any checkers from the board. [PAR] What is a Backgammon? [PAR] This is when the game ends and loser has not only failed to remove any checkers from the board but also has a checker on the bar or in the winners home board. [PAR] About How to Play Backgammon [PAR] How to Play Backgammon is your starting point to find out everything about Backgammon. We show you how to play the game, where you can play the game, the equipment you need to play backgammon and once you have mastered the game we look at ways for it to make you money. [PAR] Useful Links[DOC] [TLE] The Rules of Backgammon - Masters Traditional Games The Rules of Backgammon [PAR] Game Categories [PAR] The Rules of Backgammon [PAR] Two variations of Backgammon are included after the main rules - Dutch Backgammon and Acey Deucey, a game popular within the American armed forces. [PAR] [PAR] Backgammon [PAR] Equipment [PAR] The game of Backgammon is played on a specially designed board consisting of four tables of six thin triangles or points on each table. The points start from the edges of the board nearest the players and are directed inwards so that they form two rows of 12 points opposite each other. A bar bisects the board and the two tables on one side are designated the \"inner tables\" or \"home tables\", the others being referred to as the \"outer tables\". Traditionally, the inner tables should be positioned facing the greatest light source. There are fifteen white disks, fifteen black disks, two dice, two dice shakers and a doubling cube. The doubling cube is a die having the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 inscribed upon its 6 faces. [PAR] Preparation and Objective [PAR] Each player attempts to move all his pieces into the inner table nearest to him (his home table) and once that is achieved, to move or \"bear\" the pieces off the board. The first player to do this wins. However, that is only half the story because backgammon is not being played properly unless it is being played for stakes. So the ultimate objective of a Backgammon match is to win more stakes than the opponent. [PAR] Starting [PAR] Pieces can only move in one direction - from the opponent's inner table through the opponent's outer table, back through the player's outer table and finishing in the player's inner table. White pieces move in a clockwise direction, Black moves in an anti-clockwise direction. Since the inner tables point towards the light, it should therefore be clear who sits where. [PAR] For the purposes of describing the starting position, the points will be numbered1 to 12 on either side of the board starting with the first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Russian Cocktail Black Russian Cocktail [PAR] Add to favourite recipes [PAR] Black Russian Cocktail [PAR] Shake the vodka and kahlua. Pour over the ice. Top up with cola. Serve in a tumbler. [PAR] Ingredients: [PAR] How do you rate it? [PAR] Rate Cocktail [PAR] Leave some comments about the Black Russian [PAR] black russian is now a triple vodka in a pint of guiness [PAR] by prolific [PAR] the ingredients are correct. 2 shots of vodka, 1 shot of kahlua or tia maria whatever, both are coffee liqueurs. put over ice and dash with. thats it. no secret. [PAR] by tony [PAR] This is my all time favourite drink & I think it taste the best with Tia Maria not Kohla! White Russian is alsoa favourite but because it is so easy to drink I tend to get very drunk on it :o) x [PAR] by Helen Birch [PAR] Ok Vodka, Tia Maria & Coke, They are the ingredients. And its not coffee its chocolate, because the drink is otherwise known as a Chocolate Orgasm. [PAR] by Kathryn Janeway [PAR] the ingredients here are wrong. it is vodka. tia maria,coke poured over ice and topped with a dash of guinness [PAR] by damien [PAR] Am i the only one who think this drink tastes like coffee?Great drink tho! [PAR] by Flesh [PAR] best drink ever ! if i remember rightly , the ingredients were . . . . . tia maria , pepsi , the head of guiness & vodka ? [PAR] by andy [PAR] Must have a dash of Lime try it you'll be convert. [PAR] by Angela [PAR] The only drink to enjoy. . . . . [PAR] by Cherri MacD [PAR] Great - only long island tea is better - coke diffuses the flavours without weakening it - so do it with a splash of coke! [PAR] by Fred Barff [PAR] u gotta have a head of guiness for the ultimate 'irish black russian'!! [PAR] by Ali [PAR] only wimps have coke in it!!! [PAR] by DS [PAR] The original Black Russian in the 1970's used Tia Maria not Kahlua because Kahlua did not exist then. [PAR] by C S [PAR] Sorry, but a Black Russian is Vodka and Kahlua, PERIOD. Proportions vary - with a stronger tasting voda (a la Stoly), 1-to-1 tend to be about right, but lighter vodkas, 2/1 vodka/Kahlua is btter. FORGET THE COLA, this drink is already sweet enough. [PAR] by Joe in the US [PAR] over here in ireland we top it off with guinness, anybody else do this around the world? [PAR] by ladyskyline [PAR] The Big Debate: Traditional Black Russian is Kahlua and Vodka. If served in a pub, they add coke to make it go further. Tia Maria is NOT the same as Kahlua, the flavour is different - Kahlua is a stronger coffee flavour(see Notabikeranymore)Also, see White Russian [PAR] by Tom Booze [PAR] Tia maria is basically the brand name for kahlua. Like smirnoff is for vodka [PAR] by Notabikeranymore [PAR] Leave the Vodka and Kahlua and remove the splash of coke. . . . . . . . no good with coke [PAR] by J [PAR] Thought it was Tia Maria! [PAR] by Deb [PAR] Gorgeous, tastes extra lovely with a Guiness top, as served in my local. *yum* [PAR] by CharChar [PAR] well what can i say but if u want to get smashed in a lovely sinking way this is the one for you! [PAR] by ian haley [PAR] This is one of my favorite drinks. [PAR] by Jeff Gibbons [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Choose Interior Colors that Match Your Style ... How to Choose Interior Colors that Match Your Style - Freshome.com [PAR] How to Choose Interior Colors that Match Your Style [PAR] By RoniqueGibson June 21, 2010 in Decorating Ideas [PAR] 14 [PAR] Decorating Ideas [PAR] How do you choose colors for the interiors of your home? Did you know the colors you like are mainly based on what emotion you feel when you\u2019re in the space? Your emotional connection to the space relates to your style. [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] BLUE: is calming and soothing, and is commonly used in bathrooms and bedrooms. If your style is for a more Zen-like d\u00e9cor, blue is for you. From robin\u2019s egg light blue to deep turquoise, use blues in the relaxing spaces of your home. Deep royal and navy blue spark creativity. Use this stylish color in your home office and art studio. [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] GREEN: is associated with nature and freshness. Your style is geared towards the outdoors and renewal of the spirit. Use greens also in bathrooms, bedrooms, living spaces, and kid\u2019s rooms. Grass green and sage green are perfect for a baby\u2019s nursery. Deeper hunter and army greens are good in more energizing entertaining spaces and home libraries. [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] RED: the boldest and vibrant of the color spectrum. Your style is exotic and energetic if you prefer a large amount of red in your interiors. Red evokes the senses of vitality, hunger, and energy. For a more subtle interior, use red in accent pillows, drapery, and decorative vases. Red can be used in kitchens, dining rooms, and in areas that energy is important. [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] YELLOW: Is your personality cheerful and bright? Those who choose yellow like a happy and cheerful style. Muted tones of yellow are welcoming in a foyer, while buttery yellows are appreciated in laundry rooms and basements. Use yellow in accents to blue and green, and mix fresh tones with cheery styling. [PAR] Neutrals: [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] BROWN: Depending on your style, brown can be deep like Espresso coffee or muted like camel tan. Browns give a feel of security, and strength. If your styling is for sophistication and subtlety, brown is for you. Use brown in combination with pastel colors for a modern compliment in your interiors. Popular in d\u00e9cor these days are brown paired with pink, light blue, sage green, and light yellow. [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] GRAY: Considered the more creative white, gray is a great pairing up color. This neutral color\u2019s styling is great for home offices and areas of the home rich in mental activity. The new color hit? Griege \u2013 A combination of gray and beige, very modern and when used in d\u00e9cor, can be warmer than a traditional gray. Your style is hip and modern with a sense of purpose if you choose gray interiors. [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] BLACK: When using black in d\u00e9cor, your styling could be sophisticated and dramatic, or it can be dark and gloomy. When using black, pair it with lighter colors to reduce a \u2018cave-like\u2019 feeling in your spaces. Consider how much light is in your space when using black, the darker the color, the more light you need in the space for it to feel inviting. [PAR] Collect this idea [PAR] WHITE: Your style is fresh, timeless and secure with white. White can be refreshing in sunrooms, bedrooms, bathrooms and living spaces. Consider the traffic and how often the space will be used"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Truth Behind St. Valentine\u2019s Day The Truth Behind St. Valentine\u2019s Day [PAR] Home Library Articles Man\u2019s Holidays [PAR] The Truth Behind St. Valentine\u2019s Day [PAR] St. Valentine\u2019s Day is the world\u2019s \u201choliday of love.\u201d Since the Bible states that God is love ( I John 4:8 , 16 ), does He approve of the celebration of this day? Does He want His people\u2014true Christians\u2014partaking of the candy and cards, or any customs associated with this day? [PAR] Save [PAR] Subscribe [PAR] When God says He wants you to live life abundantly ( John 10:10 ), does that include celebrating a festive, seemingly harmless holiday like Valentine\u2019s Day? The God who gives us everything\u2014life, food, drink, the ability to think for ourselves, etc.\u2014surely approves of St. Valentine\u2019s Day, the holiday for lovers to exchange gifts\u2014right? [PAR] Do not be so certain. Do not assume anything. Do not even take this article\u2019s word for it. Go to history books and encyclopedias. Go to the Bible. Then you will know the real truth behind St. Valentine\u2019s Day. And you will know what God expects you to do about it! [PAR] Valentine\u2019s Past [PAR] Like Christmas, Easter, Halloween, New Year\u2019s and other holidays of this world, St. Valentine\u2019s Day is another attempt to \u201cwhitewash\u201d perverted customs and observances of pagan gods and idols by \u201cChristianizing\u201d them. [PAR] As innocent and harmless as St. Valentine\u2019s Day may appear, its traditions and customs originate from two of the most sexually perverted pagan festivals of ancient history: Lupercalia and the feast day of Juno Februata. [PAR] Celebrated on February 15, Lupercalia (known as the \u201cfestival of sexual license\u201d) was held by the ancient Romans in honor of Lupercus, god of fertility and husbandry, protector of herds and crops, and a mighty hunter\u2014especially of wolves. The Romans believed that Lupercus would protect Rome from roving bands of wolves, which devoured livestock and people. [PAR] Assisted by Vestal Virgins, the Luperci (male priests) conducted purification rites by sacrificing goats and a dog in the Lupercal cave on Palatine Hill, where the Romans believed the twins Romulus and Remus had been sheltered and nursed by a she-wolf before they eventually founded Rome. Clothed in loincloths made from sacrificed goats and smeared in their blood, the Luperci would run about Rome, striking women with februa, thongs made from skins of the sacrificed goats. The Luperci believed that the floggings purified women and guaranteed their fertility and ease of childbirth. February derives from februa or \u201cmeans of purification.\u201d [PAR] To the Romans, February was also sacred to Juno Februata, the goddess of febris (\u201cfever\u201d) of love, and of women and marriage. On February 14, billets (small pieces of paper, each of which had the name of a teen-aged girl written on it) were put into a container. Teen-aged boys would then choose one billet at random. The boy and the girl whose name was drawn would become a \u201ccouple,\u201d joining in erotic games at feasts and parties celebrated throughout Rome. After the festival, they would remain sexual partners for the rest of the year. This custom was observed in the Roman Empire for centuries. [PAR] Whitewashing Perversion [PAR] In A.D. 494, Pope Gelasius renamed the festival of Juno Februata as the \u201cFeast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary.\u201d The date of its observance was later changed from February 14 to February 2, then changed back to the 14. It is also known as Candlemas, the Presentation of the Lord, the Purification of the Blessed Virgin and the Feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple. [PAR] After"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astrology: Why Your Zodiac Sign and Horoscope Are Wrong Astrology: Why Your Zodiac Sign and Horoscope Are Wrong [PAR] Astrology: Why Your Zodiac Sign and Horoscope Are Wrong [PAR] By Pedro Braganca | [PAR] October 23, 2007 12:16pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] It's a great conversation starter: \"What's your sign?\" But before you ask or answer that question, consider this: Your zodiac sign corresponds to the position of the sun relative to constellations as they appeared more 2,200 years ago! The science behind astrology may have its roots in astronomy but don't confuse these two disciplines. Astronomy can explain the position of the stars in the sky but it\u2019s up to you to determine what, if anything, their alignment signifies. In short, as you'll see below, your zodiac sign is not what you think it is, and your corresponding horoscope can't be right. [Read: Wobbly Earth Means Your Horoscope Is Wrong ] [PAR] The Constellations of the Zodiac [PAR] The ecliptic, or the position of the Sun as it\u2019s perceived from the revolving Earth, passes through the constellations that formed the Zodiac - Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. Zodiac signs were originally determined by which constellation the Sun was \"in\" on the day you were born. [PAR] Early astronomers observed the Sun traveling through the signs of the Zodiac in the course of one year, spending about a month in each. Thus, they calculated that each constellation extends 30 degrees across the ecliptic. [PAR] However, a phenomenon called precession has altered the position of the constellations we see today. [PAR] Precession and Astrology [PAR] The first day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere was once marked by the zero point of the Zodiac. Astronomers call this the vernal equinox and it occurs as the ecliptic and celestial equator intersect. [PAR] Around 600 BCE, the zero point was in Aries and was called the \"first point of Aries.\" (Figure 1) The constellation Aries encompassed the first 30 degrees of the ecliptic; from 30 to 60 degrees was Taurus; from 60 to 90 degrees was Gemini; and so on for all twelve constellations of the Zodiac. [PAR] Unbeknownst to the ancient astrologers, the Earth continually wobbles around its axis in a 25,800-year cycle. This wobble\u2014called precession\u2014is caused by the gravitational attraction of the Moon on Earth's equatorial bulge. [PAR] Over the past two-and-a-half millennia, this wobble has caused the intersection point between the celestial equator and the ecliptic to move west along the ecliptic by 36 degrees, or almost exactly one-tenth of the way around. This means that the signs have slipped one-tenth\u2014or almost one whole month\u2014of the way around the sky to the west, relative to the stars beyond. [PAR] For instance, those born between March 21 and April 19 consider themselves to be Aries. Today, the Sun is no longer within the constellation of Aries during much of that period. From March 11 to April 18, the Sun is actually in the constellation of Pisces! (Figure 2) See also Figure 3, which demonstrates the precession of the equinoxes from 600 BCE to 2600. [PAR] Your \"Real Sign\" [PAR] The table below lists the dates when the Sun is actually within the astronomical constellations of the Zodiac, according to modern constellation boundaries and corrected for precession (these dates can vary a day from year to year). [PAR] You will most likely find that once precession is taken into account, your zodiac sign is different. And if you were born between November 29 and December 17, your sign is actually one you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joe DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe - His Love Shown in Flowers Joe DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe - His Love Shown in Flowers [PAR] Joe DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe - His Love Shown in Flowers [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Joe DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe remain one of the most famous couples in history. Eventhough their marriage lasted only nine months, DiMaggio and Monroe's relationship is legend. Joe's affection for Marilyn was always visible in many gestures. Seven years after their marriage, we can see evidence of his affection by this New York florist's receipt for two dozen roses. Forty years later this same order would be $200. I did try and see if Goldfarb Flowers of New York was still in business, but had no luck. [PAR] DiMaggio who was known to be serious, private and reserved rarely let others know his many acts of kindness for Marilyn. Upon her tragic death, DiMaggio even tended to all the details of her funeral. At her funeral, Joe's affection was again shown with flowers, below is a picture of a funeral heart of roses for Marilyn. [PAR] One often hears that flowers say what words cannot. Joe DiMaggio was a man of few words, but his fans can see that he expressed himself with flowers. [PAR] After Marilyn's death, Joe also arranged for flowers to be put at her grave every week for more than twenty years. DiMaggio realized the importance of beautifying her grave with fresh flowers and the importance that flowers have in our lives. [PAR] August 4th, 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of Marilyn Monroe's death. Marilyn Monroe remains a cultural icon and her fans continue to show their affection with fresh flowers at her grave. [PAR] Fresh flowers at the cemetery remain the best way for us to keep in touch with our loved ones."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre [PAR] Author [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Fourmen dressed as police officers enter gangster Bugs Moran\u2019s headquarters on North Clark Street in Chicago, line seven of Moran\u2019s henchmen against a wall, and shoot them to death. The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre, as it is now called, was the culmination of a gang war between arch rivals Al Capone and Bugs Moran. [PAR] George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran was a career criminal who ran the North Side gang in Chicago during the bootlegging era of the 1920s. He fought bitterly with \u201cScarface\u201d Al Capone for control of smuggling and trafficking operations in the Windy City. Throughout the 1920s, both survived several attempted murders. On one notorious occasion, Moran and his associates drovesix cars past a hotel in Cicero, Illionis, where Capone and his associates were having lunch and showered the building with more than 1,000 bullets. [PAR] A $50,000 bounty on Capone\u2019s head was the final straw for the gangster. He ordered that Moran\u2019s gang be destroyed. On February 14, a delivery of bootleg whiskey was expected at Moran\u2019s headquarters. But Moran was late and happened to see police officers entering his establishment. Moran waited outside, thinking that his gunmen inside were being arrested in a raid. However, the disguised assassins were actually killing the seven men inside. [PAR] The murdered men included Moran\u2019s best killers, Frank and Pete Gusenberg. Reportedly Frank was still alive when real officers appeared on the scene. When asked who had shot him, the mortally wounded Gusenberg kept his code of silence, responding, \u201cNo one, nobody shot me.\u201d [PAR] The St. Valentine\u2019s Day Massacre actually proved to be the last confrontation for both Capone and Moran. Capone was jailed in 1931 and Moran lost so many important men that he could no longer control his territory. On the seventh anniversary of the massacre, Jack McGurn, one of the Valentine\u2019s Day hit men,was killed him in a crowded bowling alley with a burst of machine-gun fire. [PAR] McGurn\u2019s killer remains unidentified, but was likely Moran, though hewas never charged with the murder. Moran was relegated to small-time robberies until he was sent to jail in 1946. He died in Leavenworth Federal Prison in 1957 of lung cancer. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] St. Valentine's Day Massacre - hymieweiss hymieweiss [PAR] St. Valentine's Day Massacre [PAR] Part II: Top Ten Myths (plus one) [PAR] Sensational crimes breed reams of newspaper print, media coverage and (eventually) books. The St. Valentine's Day massacre may be the prototype hyped national crime-- primed by the 1921 Sacco and Vanzetti trial, a precursor to the outrageous 1935 Lindberg baby kidnapping trial, a distant cousin to John Kennedy's 1963 assassination and the 1995 O. J. Simpson murder trial. Today, there are no \"trials of the century\" or \"crimes of the century\"; many dozens of murder investigations and court trials now automatically qualify for gavel to gavel coverage by the networks, cable news outlets, and every major newspaper in the nation. [PAR] The sensational exception has become just another mass media clich\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] Intense media scrutiny can provide enhanced public oversight which, in theory, brings out the truth. O. J. Simpson may have been found \"not guilty\" at the close of his criminal trial, but blanketing media coverage and exposition allowed the thoughtful to understand that someone guilty of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] VALENTINE'S TRIVIA QUIZ - Inspiration Line Inspiration Line Fun Feature for February: Valentine's Trivia Quiz [PAR] \"ENTER HERE\" FOR LAST WEEK'S ISSUE OF INSPIRATION LINE [PAR] ~~ QUIZ ANSWERS ~~ [PAR] 1. \"Valentine's Day,\" has its origins in the Pagan rite of... D) The annual Roman fertility rite dates back to the 4th century BC Young men drew from a box the names of young women, who became their companions. [PAR] 2. Why is the name \"Asterius\" important to the Valentine's Day story? B) Asterius was Valentine's jailer, and legend has it that his daughter's blindness was cured by Valentine. In a farewell note to her, Valentine wrote the message \"From Your Valentine.\" [PAR] 3. Why does an \"X\" represent the kiss? C) In days of old, when many did not know how to write, and X or the sign of the cross was accepted as a sworn oath. Sincerity of the oath was often finalized with a kiss of the X, hence the connection. [PAR] 4. Who declared February 14th to be \"Saint Valentine's Day\" in 496 AD? C) Pope Gelasius named February 14 in honor of St. Valentine as the patron saint of lovers in 496 AD. to distance the church from pagan rituals. [PAR] 5. Who is the son of Venus, goddess of love and beauty, and is associated with Valentine's Day? C) Cupid, the cherub who totes love potion-dipped arrows, is the son of Venus. [PAR] 6. Which Shakespearean character said, \"Good morrow! 'Tis St. Valentine's Day\"? D) In Britain and Italy, some unmarried women got up before sunrise on Valentine's Day to stand by the window, believing that the first man they see, or someone who looks like him, will marry them within a year. In \"Hamlet\" the love within Ophelia's madness is shown when she speaks about Valentines Day, referring to the events of romance that she was denied. \"Good morrow! 'Tis St. Valentine's Day, All in the morning be time, And I a maid at your window, To be your valentine!\" [PAR] 7. Sending anonymous Valentine's Day cards in 18th Century England became fashionable after this happened... B) There was a great increase in anonymous Valentine's Day cards \u0097 particularly risqu\u00e9 ones \u0097 in 18th-century England, when a reduction in postal rates made it affordable and fashionable. [PAR] 8. Valentines known as \"penny dreadfuls\" were called \"dreadful\" because they contained... B) From the mid-1800's to the early 1900's, many people sent comic valentines called penny dreadfuls. These cards sold for a penny and featured insulting verses. [PAR] 9. Why did the Allied governments outlaw troops from the writing XXX in letters home during WWII? B) So concerned were the Allies that \"XXX\" could be used to transmit messages by spies, the practice of sending a kiss through the mail was banned during the war. [PAR] 10. Who sent the earliest surviving Valentine's Day card? A) Charles, the Duke of Orleans wrote a Valentine's Day card to his wife while imprisoned in the Tower of London. [PAR] HAVE YOU PUT YOURSELF ON THE MAP?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Archive - Valentine's Day - Trivia - Hard Facts Archive - Valentine's Day - Trivia [PAR] 1. Which archer is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? [PAR] 2. Which male singer had a top ten hit with \"Love Train\" in 1988? [PAR] 3. What sign of the zodiac would you be if you were born on St. Valentine's Day? [PAR] 4. When Marilyn Monroe died, who asked for a fresh rose to be placed on her grave, every week, forever? [PAR] 5. In the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, what were the hitmen dressed as? [PAR] 6. In the episode of Friends titled \"The One With Ross' Wedding\", which special guest star tells Joey that she thinks his hat is \"dashing\"? [PAR] 7. Which Shakespearian character said \"Good morrow. 'Tis St. Valentine's Day\"? [PAR] 8. Born in Italy in 1895, who was known as cinema's first \"great lover\"? [PAR] 9. Who played Juliet opposite Leonardo Di Caprio in the 1996 film \"Romeo and Juliet\"? [PAR] 10. Containing the lines \"You're asking me will my love grow, I don't know, I don't know\", which Beatles' song did Frank Sinatra describe as the greatest love song ever written? [PAR] 1. Which archer is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? [PAR] Cupid [PAR] 3. What sign of the zodiac would you be if you were born on St. Valentine's Day? [PAR] Aquarius [PAR] 8. Born in Italy in 1895, who was known as cinema's first \"great lover\"? [PAR] Casanova [PAR] 4. When Marilyn Monroe died, who asked for a fresh rose to be placed on her grave, every week, forever? [PAR] The local florist [PAR] 5. In the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, what were the hitmen dressed as? [PAR] Students [PAR] 7. Which Shakespearian character said \"Good morrow. 'Tis St. Valentine's Day\"? [PAR] Romeo [PAR] 10. Containing the lines \"You're asking me will my love grow, I don't know, I don't know\", which Beatles' song did Frank Sinatra describe as the greatest love song ever written? [PAR] Something [PAR] 1. Which archer is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? [PAR] Cupid [PAR] 2. Which male singer had a top ten hit with \"Love Train\" in 1988? [PAR] Holly Johnson [PAR] 3. What sign of the zodiac would you be if you were born on St. Valentine's Day? [PAR] Aquarius [PAR] 4. When Marilyn Monroe died, who asked for a fresh rose to be placed on her grave, every week, forever? [PAR] Joe DiMaggio [PAR] 5. In the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, what were the hitmen dressed as? [PAR] Chicago police officers [PAR] 6. In the episode of Friends titled \"The One With Ross' Wedding\", which special guest star tells Joey that she thinks his hat is \"dashing\"? [PAR] Sarah Ferguson [just guessing from Googling, since I've never seen this show....] [PAR] 7. Which Shakespearian character said \"Good morrow. 'Tis St. Valentine's Day\"? [PAR] Ophelia [PAR] 8. Born in Italy in 1895, who was known as cinema's first \"great lover\"? [PAR] Rudolph Valentino [PAR] 9. Who played Juliet opposite Leonardo Di Caprio in the 1996 film \"Romeo and Juliet\"? [PAR] Claire Danes [again thanks to Google] [PAR] 10. Containing the lines \"You're asking me will my love grow, I don't know, I don't know\", which Beatles' song did Frank Sinatra describe as the greatest love song ever written? [PAR] Something [in the way she moves, attracts me like no other lover...] by George Harrison [PAR] [and the first line by Sweet Baby James Taylor... ha!] [PAR] 1. Which archer is one of the symbols of St Valentine's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love - Wikiquote Love - Wikiquote [PAR] Love [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] There is, in the human Breast, a social Affection, which extends to our whole Species. ~ John Adams [PAR] Love is a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes that ranges from interpersonal affection (\"I love my mother\") to pleasure (\"I loved that meal\"). It can refer to an emotion of a strong attraction and personal attachment. It can also be a virtue representing human kindness, compassion, and affection\u2014\"the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another\". It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, one's self or animals. [PAR] A[ edit ] [PAR] Love is the expansion of two natures in such fashion that each include the other, each is enriched by the other. [PAR] Love is an echo in the feelings of a unity subsisting between two persons which is founded both on likeness and on complementary differences. ~ Felix Adler [PAR] The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to love and be loved in return. ~ Eden Ahbez [PAR] Love is the only thing that we can carry with us when we go, and it makes the end so easy. ~ Louisa May Alcott [PAR] Love costs all we are [PAR] and will ever be. [PAR] Yet it is only love [PAR] which sets us free. [PAR] A Brave and Startling Truth. ~ Maya Angelou [PAR] Love is the principal cause of pleasure. ~ Thomas Aquinas [PAR] Choose to love whomsoever thou wilt: all else will follow. ~ Augustine of Hippo [PAR] What love will make you do [PAR] All the things that we accept [PAR] Be the things that we regret ~ Ashanti [PAR] Once for all, then, a short precept is given thee: Love, and do what thou wilt... ~ Augustine of Hippo [PAR] Let the root of love be within, of this root can nothing spring but what is good. ~ Augustine of Hippo [PAR] Since love grows within you, so beauty grows. For love is the beauty of the soul. ~ Augustine of Hippo [PAR] Choose to love whomsoever thou wilt: all else will follow. ~ Augustine of Hippo [PAR] Love flowers best in openness and freedom. [PAR] Edward Abbey , Desert Solitaire (1968), \"Cliffrose and Bayonets\", p. 26 [PAR] Love can defeat that nameless terror. Loving one another, we take the sting from death. Loving our mysterious blue planet, we resolve riddles and dissolve all enigmas in contingent bliss. [PAR] The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), film based on the novel by Douglas Adams [PAR] Mysterious love, uncertain treasure, [PAR] Hast thou more of pain or pleasure! [PAR] Endless torments dwell about thee: [PAR] Yet who would live, and live without thee! [PAR] Joseph Addison , Rosamond (c. 1707), Act III, scene 2 [PAR] When love's well-timed 'tis not a fault to love; [PAR] The strong, the brave, the virtuous, and the wise, [PAR] Sink in the soft captivity together. [PAR] Joseph Addison , Cato, A Tragedy (1713), Act III, scene 1 [PAR] When love once pleads admission to our hearts, [PAR] (In spite of all the virtue we can boast), [PAR] The woman that deliberates is lost. [PAR] Joseph Addison , Cato, A Tragedy (1713), Act IV, scene 1 [PAR] Love is the expansion of two natures in such fashion that each include the other, each is enriched by the other. [PAR] Love is an echo in the feelings of a unity subsisting between two persons which is founded both on likeness and on complementary differences. Without"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Questions - Documents - DOCSLIDE.US My Questions - Documents [PAR] Documents [PAR] Share My Questions [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html\" width=\"750\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html\" title=\"My Questions\" target=\"_blank\">My Questions</a></div> [PAR] size(px) [PAR] Download My Questions [PAR] Transcript [PAR] Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line \"Stick a pony in me pocket\"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show \"A Question Of Sport\"? Which \"Generation Game\" presenter was famous for his catchphrase \"Shut That Door\"? \"No Mean City\" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as \"La Cosa Nostra\"? What was the Titanic\u2019s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series \"Just Good Friends\"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film \"The Karate Kid\"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means \"empty orchestra\"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Sport - Sports Personality of the Year - Sports ... BBC Sport - Sports Personality of the Year - Sports Personality facts and figures [PAR] Sports Personality facts and figures [PAR] Elton John presented the 1984 award to Torvill and Dean [PAR] Sports Personality of the Year [PAR] Venue: Birmingham LG Arena Date: Sunday, 19 December Time: 1900 GMT Coverage: Live on BBC One, BBC Radio 5 Live & BBC Sport website. [PAR] BBC Sports Personality of the Year celebrates its 57th anniversary this year and remains one of the most important fixtures on the sporting calendar. [PAR] The end-of-the-year television spectacle began in 1954, when it attracted a television audience of 12m, who watched athlete Chris Chataway pick up the main award in recognition of setting the 5,000m world record. [PAR] Chataway fought off tough competition, beating Roger Bannister to the award, despite Bannister becoming the first man to run a mile in under four minutes that same year - where Chataway was his pacemaker. [PAR] Votes were cast by postcard back in 1954, with 14,517 votes arriving at BBC HQ. [PAR] Since Chataway was honoured, there have been 54 sportsmen and sportswomen who have won the coveted title of BBC Sports Personality of the Year, while many others have been recipients of the other BBC Spoty awards. [PAR] BBC Sport has delved through the archives to look back on the history of Sports Personality of the Year. [PAR] SPORTS PERSONALITY OF THE YEAR [PAR] \u2022 BBC's Sports Personality of the Year was created in 1954 by Sir Paul Fox, then editor of the magazine show Sportsview, and was presented by Peter Dimmock. [PAR] \u2022 Dimmock was the first of 11 presenters. Frank Bough, Harry Carpenter, Des Lynam, Steve Rider, Sue Barker, Gary Lineker, Clare Balding, John Inverdale, Adrian Chiles and Jake Humphery have all played their part since. Bough was the longest running presenter, notching up a record 19 shows between 1964 and 1982. [PAR] \u2022 The first show was called Sportsview, before it was re-titled as Sports Review of the Year and then became, as we know it today, Sports Personality of the Year, in 1999. [PAR] \u2022 The event had been hosted at various venues around London before the decision was taken to move the show outside the capital four years ago and give the public the chance to attend the staging. The Birmingham NEC was its first port of call in 2006 and 2007 before the event moved on to Liverpool's Echo Arena in 2008 and the Sheffield Arena in 2009. Birmingham will host the show for a third time in 2010 when the LG Arena hosts the show. [PAR] \u2022 Other venues to have hosted the ceremony include the Savoy Hotel, Grosvenor House Hotel, Television Theatre, Shepherd's Bush Empire, New London Theatre, Queen Elizabeth II Centre and BBC Television Centre. [PAR] THE MAIN AWARD - IN NUMBERS [PAR] \u2022 Swimmer Ian Black became the youngest winner of the award in 1958, at the age of 17, and golfer Dai Rees is the oldest winner, having picked up the accolade at the age of 44 in 1957. [PAR] \u2022 Kelly Holmes win in 2004 was the 17th time a track and field athlete had received the accolade - the most of any sport. This is followed by motor racing, which has produced six winners. Boxing and football have both provided five winners, with four winners from the world of Cricket. Perhaps surprisingly there has only been one winner from Rugby Union - Jonny Wilkinson in 2003. [PAR] \u2022 Only three people have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walton Sextuplets: Family photos show sisters 27 years on ... Walton Sextuplets: Family photos show sisters 27 years on | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] As the world\u2019s only all-female sextuplets, they share the closest possible bond and have faced all of life\u2019s little hurdles together. [PAR] For many years the Walton sisters \u2013 first-born Hannah, who was followed by Luci, Ruth, Sarah, Kate and Jennie \u2013 celebrated their similarities and would pose together for photos in the same school uniforms. [PAR] But now, after spending much of the past decade out of the limelight to live more privately, the 27-year-olds are all keen to stress their individuality. [PAR] Happy family: Janet and Graham Walton's daughters (from left) Hannah, Ruth, Luci, Kate, Jennie and Sarah [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] Meet the family: The sextuplets as newborns cradled by their parents Graham and Janet. They were born on November 18th, 1983 [PAR] Two of the sisters, who were born within four minutes of each other on November 18, 1983, are now brunettes. And while the other four still have their blonde locks, there are three different shades between them. [PAR] The siblings have also struck out in different directions for their careers, with some working abroad and others taking jobs in the UK. [PAR] Yet four still live in the eight-bedroom family home in Wallasey, Wirral, with parents Graham and Janet, a fifth will be returning this summer and the sixth lives just down the road. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Mrs Walton, 58, said: \u2018Jennie was a bit of a leader because she climbed out of her cot first, Luci was shy as a toddler but has made up for that now, Sarah was the quietest, although not now, Ruth is quite bossy, Kate is academic and Hannah is very articulate and organised. [PAR] \u2018But they\u2019ve always been close and they talk to each other all the time. And we still have meeting around the kitchen table, which we had for any big decision, such as parties, birthdays or school.\u2019 [PAR] Hannah, who was the lightest baby at 2lb 1oz, is studying for her PGCE teaching qualification to work in a primary school. She is currently single and enjoys shopping, reading and meeting friends in her spare time. [PAR] The sextuplets' mother said: 'Jennie was a bit of a leader because she climbed out of her cot first, Luci was shy as a toddler but has made up for that now' [PAR] Mrs Walton continues: 'Sarah was the quietest, although not now, Ruth is quite bossy, Kate is academic and Hannah is very articulate and organised' [PAR] \u2018When we were younger people would get us confused but not so much now. You can tell we\u2019re sisters if we\u2019re all lined up. I don\u2019t think we look as alike now,\u2019 she told the Daily Mirror. [PAR] Luci, who was 2lbs 15oz at birth, worked as a holiday rep in Spain for two years before becoming an air stewardess. [PAR] She lives five minutes from home with her fianc\u00e9 of three years and likes going to the pub with friends. [PAR] \u2018I used to be really shy but I\u2019m not any more. I think the repping I did sorted that out,\u2019 she said. [PAR] \u2018Me and Ruth are very similar and probably most alike as we like to go and have a good drink. But I think me and Hannah look the most alike.\u2019 [PAR] Ruth, who was 2lb 11oz, is an admin worker who returned home 18 months ago after being made redundant. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blackadder: Where are they now? Edmund, Baldrick, 'Bob ... Blackadder: Where are they now? Edmund, Baldrick, 'Bob', Lord Melchett and many more - Mirror Online [PAR] TV [PAR] Blackadder: Where are they now? Edmund, Baldrick, 'Bob', Lord Melchett and many more [PAR] We would LOVE to see the comedy series back on the box but until then let's look at the stars then and now [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Blackadder returning to our screens would be amazing. [PAR] The multi award-winning series which ran from 15 June 1983 until 2 November 1989, was much loved by avid fans as Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson and the gang ran riot on terrestrial TV. [PAR] Robinson - who played Baldrick across all four series and three specials - has recent admitted he and his former castmates have chatted bout a return and it's \"on the cards\". [PAR] But until then, let's look at where the stars are now. [PAR] Video Loading [PAR] Click to play Tap to play [PAR] The video will start in 8Cancel [PAR] Play now [PAR] Rowan Atkinson [PAR] Rowan Atkinson as Captain Blackadder (Photo: BBC, PA) [PAR] Atkinson appeared in every episode of the series in one form or another as Edmund Blackadder. [PAR] He starred as Prince Edmund, in The Black Adder, series 1, Lord Blackadder (2), Mr. E. Blackadder (3) and Captain Blackadder (4). [PAR] In the spin-off\u2019s he played Ebenezer Blackadder (Blackadder Christmas Carol) and Lord Blackadder V (Back and Forth). [PAR] Rowan Atkinson was Blackadder (Photo: BBC, Rex) [PAR] Since the show, his most famous character has been Mr Bean who returned for Comic Relief in 2015. [PAR] The beloved character returned to Red Nose Day for the first time in eight years. [PAR] This time he was joined by actors Ben Miller and Rebecca Front for a sketch with \u201ctwists, turns and complications\u201d. [PAR] poll loading [PAR] Would you watch a new series of Blackadder? [PAR] 1000+ VOTES SO FAR [PAR] Leave it in the past [PAR] Tony Robinson [PAR] Tony Robinson as Baldrick in Blackadder (Photo: Rex) [PAR] Robinson starred as general dogsbody Baldrick. [PAR] The dim-but-lovable character served as a sidekick to Edmund and since that role Robinson has done so much. [PAR] Video Loading [PAR] Click to play Tap to play [PAR] The video will start in 8Cancel [PAR] Play now [PAR] Share this video [PAR] Watch Next [PAR] His latest series on Channel 4, Walking Through History, which sees the presenter stroll through some of Britain's beautiful and historic landscapes, has already proven to be a success. [PAR] The former Time Team host recently joked that Hugh Laurie's enormous success in the US has been the only stumbling block for a potential reunion. [PAR] He teased: \"The only problem is Hugh's fee. He's a huge star now - or so he'd like to think.\" [PAR] Video Loading [PAR] Click to play Tap to play [PAR] The video will start in 8Cancel [PAR] Play now [PAR] However, Tony admitted that any potential return for the comedy - whose final series debuted in 1989 - would run the risk of disappointing fans. [PAR] He added: \"Expectations for a new series will be high because people not only remember the original, they remember who they were when it was on. it's a big danger.\" [PAR] RIP Rik Mayall [PAR] RIP Rik Mayall who played Lord Flashheart in Blackadder (Photo: BBC, Rex) [PAR] Mayall played Lord Flashheart in the series. [PAR] Flashheart was boisterous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Mister \u2014 Broken Wings \u2014 Listen, watch, download and ... Mr. Mister \u2014 Broken Wings \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] rock [PAR] \"Broken Wings\" is a #1 hit song released as a 1985 single by the band Mr. Mister. [PAR] The band's first single from their 1985 Welcome to the Real World album, \"Broken Wings\" reached the number one position on the U.S. charts in December 1985, where it remained for two weeks. It was released as the band was just about to embark on a U.S. tour opening for Tina Turner. The song reached number four in the UK Singles\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Mister | New Music And Songs Mr. Mister | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Mr. Mister [PAR] About Mr. Mister [PAR] A product of the L.A. session-musician community (which also produced the harder-rocking Toto), Mr. Mister enjoyed a brief but massive burst of popularity during the mid-'80s, crafting an atmospheric, vaguely progressive variation on slick, radio-ready pop/rock. While they disappeared almost as quickly as they arrived on the scene, their two number one hits, \"Broken Wings\" and \"Kyrie,\" remain enduring classics of '80s mainstream pop. [PAR] Mr. Mister was formed in 1982 by bassist/lead vocalist Richard Page and keyboardist/vocalist Steve George, boyhood friends from Phoenix, AZ, and accomplished session men. The two had previously played together in a jazz fusion outfit called Pages, which recorded three major-label albums from 1979-1981 (the final one being more pop/rock-oriented). Plagued by a lack of sales, an abundance of personnel shifts, and an uncertainty over direction, the group disbanded by the end of 1981, and Page and George returned to their session careers (they'd previously done vocals on Village People records, among others). The two wrote songs and offered backup for artists including REO Speedwagon, John Parr, Chaka Khan, the Pointer Sisters, Donna Summer, Al Jarreau, and Kenny Loggins, and conceived the idea for their own band while on tour with Andy Gibb. The first to join was guitarist Steve Farris, who had been working with Eddie Money; next was drummer Pat Mastelotto, who had done numerous sessions for producer Mike Chapman. Page's cousin, lyricist John Lang, was invited to collaborate on material as he had done for Pages, and the group quickly landed a deal with RCA on the strength of several showcase concerts. [PAR] Mr. Mister's debut album, I Wear the Face, was released in 1984, producing one chart single, \"Hunters of the Night,\" which failed to reach the Top 40. It didn't sell very well, which made the band's breakthrough with their sophomore effort all the more surprising. Welcome to the Real World, issued in May 1985, perfected the band's blend of Genesis-style pop, swirling keyboard textures, slightly spiritual lyrics, and polished studio craft. Page had turned down offers to join Toto and Chicago, and his faith in Mr. Mister was justified with the release of the album's first single, \"Broken Wings.\" It took a few months to catch on, but helped by the band's prominent tour slots, it climbed all the way to the top of the pop charts before year's end, and was nominated for a Grammy for Best Pop Vocal Group. The follow-up, \"Kyrie,\" duplicated that feat in March 1986, and Welcome to the Real World topped the album charts the same week, on its way to platinum sales. Third single \"Is It Love\" reached the Top Ten, and the band consolidated their success with appearances at several awards shows and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Molly Ringwald Almost Played Julia Roberts' 'Pretty Woman ... Molly Ringwald Almost Played Julia Roberts' 'Pretty Woman' Role - Business Insider [PAR] WikiMedia Commons [PAR] Molly Ringwald starred in iconic '80s films like \"The Breakfast Club,\" \"Sixteen Candles,\" and \"Pretty In Pink\" before dropping off the radar. Today, she occasionally acts and is a mom to three kids. [PAR] Ringwald posted to Reddit's Ask Me Anything forum , using this picture as proof of her identity. She revealed that she was being considered for the lead in Pretty Woman and looked at an early script (at the time it was called \"$3,000\"). [PAR] But Ringwald has no regrets about not pursuing the part: [PAR] Julia Roberts is what makes that movie. It was her part. Every actor hopes for a part that lets them shine like that. [PAR] Ringwald also shared her favorite part of filming \"The Breakfast Club\": [PAR] When I did the smoking doobage scene \"I'm so popular, everyone loves me at this school,\" it was basically all improvised and John just let the camera roll for twenty minutes. He was so psyched with everything he got that he dragged my mother into the room where they were showing rushes so she could see how brilliant her daughter was. Of course, my mom was horrified. [PAR] Whether she would be involved in a Sixteen candles sequel: [PAR] At one point, six years ago, I was considering participating in a sequel to Sixteen Candles. But (director) John Hughes didn't want to have sequels to any of the movies I was in and I didn't feel comfortable doing it without his involvement. [PAR] Ringwald also revealed her next plan: She has a jazz album coming out next spring."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Kiel - Biography - IMDb Richard Kiel - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Richard Kiel [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 44 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (31) | Personal Quotes (5) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 7' 2\" (2.18 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Towering 7' 2\" tall actor who has cornered the market on playing giants, intimidating henchman, bayou swamp monsters and steel toothed villains! Kiel worked in numerous jobs including as a night club bouncer and a cemetery plot salesman, before breaking into film & TV in several minor roles in the late 1950s / early 1960s. Noted amongst these was the alien \"Kanamit\" in the classic The Twilight Zone (1959) episode \"To Serve Man\", and terrorizing Arch Hall Jr. while clad in a loincloth in the prehistoric caveman meets virile teenage drama Eegah (1962). [PAR] Kiel turned up in two episodes of the classic horror TV series Kolchak: The Night Stalker (1974). On one occasion playing a Native American evil spirit with the ability to transform into various animals. On his second appearance, Kiel was unrecognizable as a Spanish moss covered, Louisiana swamp monster brought to life by a patient involved in deep sleep therapy. [PAR] However, his biggest break came in 1977 when he was cast as the unstoppable, steel toothed henchman \"Jaws\" in the finest Roger Moore film of the Bond series The Spy Who Loved Me (1977). Such was Kiel's popularity with movie audiences, that his character was brought back for the next Bond outing Moonraker (1979). However, audiences were quite split on opinions when Kiel's \"Jaws\" character changes sides near the film's conclusion and assists 007, Roger Moore , in saving the Earth. [PAR] Over the next few years, Kiel appeared in relatively non-demanding comedy or fantasy type films taking advantage of his physical stature and presence. Kiel then decided to try his hand behind the camera and co-wrote and produced, plus took the lead role, in the well received family movie The Giant of Thunder Mountain (1991). Demand for Kiel's unique attributes dropped very sharply in the 1990's, leading to only a handful of roles including reprising his \"Jaws\" character in the Matthew Broderick film Inspector Gadget (1999). In 2002, Kiel penned his informative autobiography entitled \"Making it BIG in the movies\". [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: firehouse44@hotmail.com [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] (1974 - 10 September 2014) (his death) (4 children) [PAR] Faye Daniels [PAR] Towering height and menacing frame [PAR] Trivia (31) [PAR] He is best known for playing Jaws, a giant and seemingly unstoppable assassin with steel teeth who battled James Bond in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Moonraker (1979). [PAR] Original choice to play the title character in the television series The Incredible Hulk (1978). After 2 days of filming it was decided that he was not \"bulky\" enough for the role. He was paid for the two movies of the week and replaced by Lou Ferrigno . He was happy this happened because he only had sight in one eye and the full contact lenses were bothering him. [PAR] Once said that people are always confusing him with Andr\u00e9 the Giant , Fred Gwynne (\"Herman Munster\" from The Munsters (1964)), or Ted Cassidy (\"Lurch\" from The Addams Family (1964)), all of whom are deceased. [PAR] In 1992 he was in a serious automobile accident that affected his auto-balance, and he now walks using a walking stick or rides a battery-powered scooter around if he has to go very far."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Washington Irving - Biography of American Writer Washington Irving [PAR] Washington Irving [PAR] Washington Irving [PAR] Most Popular American Writer of the Early 1800s [PAR] Washington Irving first achieved fame as a young satirist in New York City. Stock Montage/Getty Images [PAR] By Robert McNamara [PAR] Updated June 30, 2016. [PAR] Washington Irving was the first American to make a living as an author and during his prolific career in the early 1800s he created celebrated characters such as Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane. [PAR] His youthful satirical writings popularized two terms still closely associated with New York City , Gotham and Knickerbocker. [PAR] Irving also contributed something to holiday traditions, as his conception of a saintly character with a flying sleigh delivering toys to children at Christmas evolved into our modern depictions of Santa Claus . [PAR] Early Life of Washington Irving [PAR] Washington Irving was born April 3, 1783 in lower Manhattan, during the week that New York City residents heard of the British ceasefire in Virginia that effectively ended the Revolutionary War. To pay tribute to the great hero of the time, General George Washington , Irving's parents named their eighth child in his honor. [PAR] When George Washington took the oath of office as the first American president at Federal Hall in New York City, six-year-old Washington Irving stood among the thousands of people celebrating in the streets. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] A few months later he was introduced to President Washington, who was shopping in lower Manhattan. For the rest of his life Irving told the story of how the president patted him on the head. [PAR] While attending school, young Washington was believed to be slow-witted, and one teacher labeled him \"a dunce.\" He did, however, learn to read and write, and became obsessed with telling stories. [PAR] Some of his brothers attended Columbia College, yet Washington's formal education ended at the age of 16. He became apprenticed to a law office, which was a typical route to becoming a lawyer in the era before law schools were common. Yet the aspiring writer was far more interested in wandering about Manhattan and studying the daily life of New Yorkers than he was in the classroom. [PAR] Early Political Satires [PAR] Irving's older brother Peter, a physician who was actually more interested in politics than medicine, was active in the New York political machine headed by Aaron Burr . Peter Irving edited a newspaper aligned with Burr, and in November 1802 Washington Irving published his first article, a political satire signed with the pseudonym \"Jonathan Oldstyle.\" [PAR] Irving wrote a series of articles as Oldstyle over the next few months. It was common knowledge in New York circles that he was the real author of the articles, and he enjoyed the recognition. He was 19 years old. [PAR] One of Washington's older brothers, William Irving, decided that a trip to Europe might give the aspiring writer some direction, so he financed the voyage. Washington Irving left New York, bound for France, in 1804, and didn't return to America for two years. His tour of Europe broadened his mind and gave him material for later writing. [PAR] Salmagundi, a Satirical Magazine [PAR] After returning to New York City, Irving resumed studying to become a lawyer, but his real interest was in writing. With a friend and one of his brothers he began collaborating on a magazine that lampooned Manhattan society. [PAR] The new publication was called Salmagundi, a familiar term at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (TV Series 1971\u20131976 ... - IMDb The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (TV Series 1971\u20131976) - IMDb [PAR] The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show [PAR] TV-G | [PAR] The misadventures of the children of the Flintstones and the Rubbles as teenagers. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 272 titles [PAR] created 17 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 20 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 19 titles [PAR] created 02 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 85 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 32 images [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (1971\u20131976) [PAR] 5.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] The adventures of a space superhero who can become invisible and his sidekicks. [PAR] Stars: Gary Owens, Johnny Carson, Tim Matheson [PAR] The futuristic undersea adventures of a goofy talking shark and his human musical band companions. [PAR] Stars: Tommy Cook, Barry Gordon, Julie McWhirter [PAR] In this widely syndicated cartoon, King Zandor and a group of bizarre creatures protect their futuristic kingdom from creatures from other galaxies. [PAR] Stars: Mike Road, Virginia Gregg, Ted Eccles [PAR] Universal war wages between two prehistoric alien races. One of the races is the heroic Kherubim while the other is the evil Daemonites. [PAR] Stars: Denis Akiyama, Paul Mota, Roscoe Handford [PAR] A pre-teen version of Scooby Doo, with a pint-sized version of the title character. [PAR] Stars: Mark L. Taylor, Casey Kasem, Don Messick [PAR] The greatest of the DC Comics superheroes work together to uphold the good with the help of some young proteges. [PAR] Stars: Sherry Alberoni, Norman Alden, Danny Dark [PAR] Shaggy and Scooby and friends must return 13 ghosts to a magic chest which they inadvertently released. [PAR] Stars: Casey Kasem, Heather North, Vincent Price [PAR] A dog, able to become temporarily invisible, and his human companions investigate mysteries involving the paranormal. [PAR] Stars: Paul Winchell, Jo Ann Harris, Ronnie Schell [PAR] The misadventures of the family staff of The Shady Rest Hotel and their neighbors of Hooterville. [PAR] Stars: Edgar Buchanan, Linda Henning, Bea Benaderet [PAR] The misadventures of a nun who can fly and her convent and neighbours. [PAR] Stars: Sally Field, Marge Redmond, Madeleine Sherwood [PAR] Dynomutt Dog Wonder (TV Series 1976) [PAR] Animation | Comedy [PAR] The adventures of a robotic dog superhero who proves as much a hindrance as asset to his master, the Blue Falcon. [PAR] Stars: Gary Owens, Frank Welker, Henry Corden [PAR] Scooby Doo and the gang solve mysteries; then Blue Falcon and Dynomutt fight crime in each two-part episode of this animated series. [PAR] Stars: John Stephenson, Frank Welker, Casey Kasem [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In the original Flintstones, Pebbles was the baby daughter of Fred and Wilma Flintstone, while Bamm-Bamm was the son of neighbors Barney and Betty rubble. Now they've grown up to be teenagers, and they get into various hijinks with their other teenaged friends. Written by Afterburner <aburner@erols.com> [PAR] 11 September 1971 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] El show de Pebbles y Bamm-Bamm See more \u00bb [PAR] Company Credits [PAR] (United States) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Pebbles and Bamm Bamm was just an awful cartoon. It ruins the original Flintstones show since it was a spin-off of the original. The pair get a lower rating in my book than the Great Gazoo. And we never found out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Formula 1 - Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill, Ayrton Senna etc | eBay Formula 1 - Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill, Ayrton Senna etc | eBay [PAR] Formula 1 [PAR] 10 January 2009 [PAR] Formula 1 [PAR] This is one of many illustrated classic F1 racing guides I've created for the community. I hope you enjoy it. If you wish to find out more about the classic F1 racing art featured in this guide please click here. [PAR] This guide features several legendary F1 drivers. [PAR] Satoru Nakajima [PAR] Satoru Nakajima was Honda's representative on the grid in the late eighties and was Japan's first regular Formula One Grand Prix driver. Ayrton Senna's team-mate at Lotus in 1987 and then teamed with Nelson Piquet in 1988 and 1989 (Lotus), Satoru was a worthy ambassador for the Honda company without posing a threat to his more highly regarded team-mates. His best finish was fourth at Adelaide in 1989 and his last two seasons were spent with the Tyrrell team before he quit at the end of 1991. His best finish in the championship was eleventh position overall in 1987 driving a Lotus. Total Grand Prix drives, 74. Since his retirement from Formula One, he has run a team in both Japanese Formula 3000 and Formula Three developing the next generation of Japanese racing drivers. [PAR] Andrea de Cesaris [PAR] World champion in karts and a strong contender in British Formula Three, Andrea made his Formula One debut with Alfa-Romeo in 1980. He soon became known for his somewhat unpredictable driving style racing for McLaren in 1981. 1982 and 1983 were spent with Alfa-Romeo, where he produced third place at Monaco (a race he could have won), before moving to Ligier for 1984. Two seasons with Ligier produced little so it was on to Minardi, then Brabham, then Rial, then Dallara, then Tyrrell, Jordan again and finally to Sauber before his Formula One career ended in 1994. The second most experienced Formula One driver behind Riccardo Patrese, although without a win. Best race result, a second place in the German Grand Prix of 1983 and finished eighth for the title overall in 1983. Total Grand Prix drives, 208. [PAR] Nigel Mansell [PAR] Nigel's Formula One debut was for Lotus in 1980 and his first Grand Prix victory was for williams in 1985. 1986 saw five Grand Prix victories yet through cruel luck, no title. An accident in qualifying ruined his title hopes again in 1987 after six wins and it was beginning to look as if Nigel Mansell was to be the \"nearly man\" of Formula 1. In a bold move to Ferrari in 1989 he won his first race and the instant adoration of the Italian fans, but only finished fourth. 1990 with Ferrari was a disaster finishing ninth overall so it was back to Williams and winning ways in 1991. Five wins however were not enough with Nigel still having to play second fiddle to Ayrton Senna's McLaren. Finally in 1992 it all came right, Mansell storming to nine victories in a Williams-Renault that was in a class of its own. He still drove magnificently. After moving to Indy Cars in 1993 and incredibly taking the title at his first attempt, Mansell returned to Williams mid-season in 1994 before joining McLaren in 1995. He retired after just two races. [PAR] Damon Hill [PAR] As a relatively late starter to car racing in 1984 with Formula Ford, Damon soon progressed into British Formula Three and then Formula 3000 before gaining his first F1 drive in 1992. Signed by Williams in 1993"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor - About.com Education Pearl Harbor [PAR] Pearl Harbor [PAR] Pearl Harbor [PAR] December 7, 1941 - A Date That Will Live in Infamy [PAR] The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. (December 7, 1941). (Picture courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration) [PAR] Share [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After just two hours of bombing, more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships* had either been sunk or damaged, and more than 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed. [PAR] The attack at Pearl Harbor so outraged Americans that the U.S. abandoned its policy of isolationism and declared war on Japan the following day -- officially bringing the United States into World War II . [PAR] Why Attack? [PAR] The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States. They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression. Negotiations to solve their differences had not been going well. [PAR] Rather than giving in to U.S. demands, the Japanese decided to launch a surprise attack against the United States in an attempt to destroy the United States' naval power even before an official announcement of war was given. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] The Japanese Prepare for Attack [PAR] The Japanese practiced and prepared carefully for their attack on Pearl Harbor. They knew their plan was extremely risky. The probability of success depended heavily on complete surprise. [PAR] On November 26, 1941, the Japanese attack force, led by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo , left Etorofu Island in the Kurils (located northeast of Japan) and began its 3,000-mile journey across the Pacific Ocean. Sneaking six aircraft carriers, nine destroyers, two battleships, two heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, and three submarines across the Pacific Ocean was not an easy task. [PAR] Worried that they might be spotted by another ship, the Japanese attack force continually zig-zagged and avoided major shipping lines. After a week and a half at sea, the attack force made it safely to its destination, about 230 miles north of the Hawaiian island of Oahu . [PAR] The Attack [PAR] On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began. At 6:00 a.m., the Japanese aircraft carriers began launching their planes amid rough sea. In total, 183 Japanese aircraft took to the air as part of the first wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor. [PAR] At 7:15 a.m., the Japanese aircraft carriers, plagued by even rougher seas, launched 167 additional planes to participate in the second wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor. [PAR] The first wave of Japanese planes reached the U.S. Naval Station at Pearl Harbor (located on the south side of the Hawaiian island of Oahu) at 7:55 a.m. on December 7, 1941. [PAR] Just before the first bombs dropped on Pearl Harbor, Commander Mitsuo Fuchida , leader of the air attack, called out, \"Tora! Tora! Tora!\" (\"Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!\"), a coded message which told the entire Japanese navy that they had caught the Americans totally by surprise. [PAR] Surprised at Pearl Harbor [PAR] Sunday mornings were a time of leisure for many U.S. military personnel at Pearl Harbor. Many were either still asleep, in mess halls eating breakfast, or getting ready for church on the morning of December"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patriot Games (1992) - IMDb Patriot Games (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Community [PAR] LATEST HEADLINES [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When CIA Analyst Jack Ryan interferes with an IRA assassination, a renegade faction targets him and his family for revenge. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Visit our Awards Central section [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 31 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 28 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Patriot Games \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] CIA Analyst Jack Ryan is drawn into an illegal war fought by the US government against a Colombian drug cartel. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] In November 1984, the Soviet Union's best submarine captain in their newest sub violates orders and heads for the USA. Is he trying to defect or to start a war? [PAR] Director: John McTiernan [PAR] Hijackers seize the plane carrying the President of the United States and his family, but he - an ex-soldier - works from hiding to defeat them. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] Dr. Richard Kimble, unjustly accused of murdering his wife, must find the real killer while being the target of a nationwide manhunt. [PAR] Director: Andrew Davis [PAR] CIA analyst Jack Ryan must thwart the plans of a terrorist faction that threatens to induce a catastrophic conflict between the United States and Russia's newly elected president by detonating a nuclear weapon at a football game in Baltimore. [PAR] Director: Phil Alden Robinson [PAR] US Marshal Samuel Gerard (Jones) and his team of Marshals are assigned to track down Sheridan (Snipes), who has been accused of a double-murder. [PAR] Director: Stuart Baird [PAR] A police officer uncovers the real identity of his house-guest, an I.R.A. terrorist in hiding. [PAR] Director: Alan J. Pakula [PAR] On a US nuclear missile sub, a young first officer stages a mutiny to prevent his trigger happy captain from launching his missiles before confirming his orders to do so. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] A young Amish boy is sole witness to a murder; policeman John Book goes into hiding in Amish country to protect him until the trial. [PAR] Director: Peter Weir [PAR] Carolyn Polhemus, an up-and-comer in the Kindle County D.A.'s Office, is found viciously murdered in her home. Immediately her boss, D.A. Raymond Horgan and his chief deputy, Rusty Sabich ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Alan J. Pakula [PAR] When Russia's first nuclear submarine malfunctions on its maiden voyage, the crew must race to save the ship and prevent a nuclear disaster. [PAR] Director: Kathryn Bigelow [PAR] Henry is a lawyer who survives a shooting only to find he cannot remember anything. If that weren't enough, Henry also has to recover his speech and mobility, in a life he no longer fits ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mike Nichols [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Former"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Holiday book features Indiana town Santa Claus | WANE Holiday book features Indiana town Santa Claus | WANE [PAR] Holiday book features Indiana town Santa Claus [PAR] December 25, 2015, 11:00 am [PAR] Updated: [PAR] Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) [PAR] SANTA CLAUS, Ind. (AP) \u2014 \u201cDear Santa\u201d letters run the gamut. [PAR] \u201cMy dad was a soldier in the World War,\u201d says one, written in 1939. \u201cHe got shot when he was a deputy sheriff by gangsters after he come home. I have a step dad but he is so mean he never buys me anything. Some day I will be a man and I want to be brave. I like books better than anything and I like boxing gloves & foot balls.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m not sure if I was a good girl this year,\u201d says one from 1966. \u201cBut if I get presents for Chrismas I promise to be a good girl next year.\u201d [PAR] \u201cDear Santa\u201d \u2014 this one from the 2010s \u2014 \u201cWe moved & we don\u2019t have a chimney any more. Please come through the dryer vent.\u201d [PAR] These are excerpts from among the million or so letters from all over the world addressed to Santa Claus that in the past 100 years have landed at the post office in a small southwestern Indiana town in Spencer County. The town? Santa Claus. It\u2019s a place that sounds like some Christmas tale. But the town is real, with a history that is long, genuine and a bit peculiar. [PAR] Some 250 of the letters are compiled into a new, 204-page coffee table book published by Indiana University Press. \u201cLetters to Santa Claus\u201d is selling briskly. In less than two months nearly half of the 15,000 press run has been snapped up, said IU Press\u2019 Mandy Hussey. [PAR] The book is a collaboration between IU and Santa Claus \u2014 the town, population 2,300, not the jolly gift-giver. Santa Claus has built itself into a Yule-themed tourist destination and has long been the repository for Santa letters. The letters not only get read, they get a response, too, from one of hundreds of townsfolk who volunteer as \u201celves.\u201d The elves choose from among four form letters, but they also add some personal touches, said Pat Koch, who has been answering Santa letters since the 1940s and at 84 still coordinates the broad effort. [PAR] Koch inherited the mantle from her father, Raymond Joseph Yellig, who for years responded to Santa letters in his spare time. His day job was playing Santa at the local amusement park, Santa Claus Land, year-round. [PAR] Yellig was painstaking in his bid for authenticity. He labored to keep his weight around 200 pounds. \u201cHe was not obese, but just very round, just the way Santa should be,\u201d his daughter recalled. And those times he didn\u2019t have a real beard (his wife never could get used to it) he made sure his fake one was of the highest quality and clean. [PAR] Yellig answered tens of thousands of letters, always with red ink, sometimes in cursive, mostly with the help of a copying machine. These days Koch and her hundreds of volunteers make it a group activity and have it down to a science. Various organizations, like the local garden club and the American Legion post, send members for one- or two-hour elf shifts. All the work is done in the back room of the town\u2019s museum, which has in its collection the digitized voice of the venerable Yellig himself. [PAR] Koch figures they answer more than 10,000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] True or False in space it is impossible to cry? the answer ... True or False in space it is impossible to cry? the answer is YES - YouTube [PAR] True or False in space it is impossible to cry? the answer is YES [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 11, 2013 [PAR] Is it impossible to cry in space? While your eyes can water, the lack of gravity in space means that it will never form into tears. Can astronauts cry in space? [PAR] No, it is not possible to cry in space. If you had your space suit on and everything, then yeah you could cry [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Mad Science Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Mad Science [PAR] Country: USA [PAR] Message: [PAR] I ran across the following unattributed statement in a list of \"weird but true\" facts... \"In space, astronauts cannot cry, because there is no gravity, so the tears can't flow!\" Is this true? [PAR] To make sure I answered your question correctly, I checked with Ron Parise, an actual Shuttle astronaut who works down the hall from me. He confirmed that astronauts can indeed cry in space. Tears run down your face because of gravity, but they don't need gravity to form. When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around. [PAR] So the real question is why would an astronaut cry in space in the first place? My guess is they accidentally look at the Sun, or stub their toes on some equipment. That might be easy to do when there is no \"down\"! [PAR] \u00a92008 Phil Plait. All Rights Reserved. [PAR] This page last modified"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - True or False? Puzzles - True or False? [PAR] CLICK FOR FULL PAGE [PAR] . In space it is impossible to cry? [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] 3. Slug's don't have any noses? [PAR] 4. Most Eskimoes have fridges? [PAR] 5. An Ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain? [PAR] 6. Thomas Edison, who invented the lightbulb, was afraid of the dark? [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] 8. Taphephobia is the fear of losing your teeth? [PAR] 9. Over 80,000 photographs are taken around the world every second? [PAR] 10. The letter \"t\" is the second most common letter used in the English language? [PAR] . In space it is impossible to cry? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 3. Slug's don't have any noses? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 4. Most Eskimoes have fridges? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 5. An Ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 6. Thomas Edison, who invented the lightbulb, was afraid of the dark? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 8. Taphephobia is the fear of losing your teeth? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 9. Over 80,000 photographs are taken around the world every second? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 10. The letter \"t\" is the second most common letter used in the English language [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] Antidotes (I cheated) [PAR] 8. taphephobia is the fear of being mistaken for dead when you're really still alive.... [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] uncopyrightable [PAR] A bold declaration by Furby there! [PAR] some right some wrong.. as you might expect [PAR] Particularly well done to Helio for coming up with uncopyrightable, to Eccles, for cheating, to slugs for having four noses, and to absolutely everyone for kindly NOT pointing out the rogue apostrophe (wince, shudder, I copied and pasted and didn't check.) [PAR] Here's the full list: [PAR] 1. In space it is impossible to cry? [PAR] True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] False (it's \"uncopyrightable\") [PAR] 3. Slugs don't have any noses? [PAR] False (they have four) [PAR] 4. Most Eskimoes have fridges? [PAR] True (to keep their food from freezing) [PAR] 5. An Ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain? [PAR] True [PAR] 6. Thomas Edison, who invented the lightbulb, was afraid of the dark? [PAR] True [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] False (\"antidotes\") [PAR] 8. Taphephobia is the fear of losing your teeth? [PAR] False (it's the fear of being buried alive) [PAR] 9. Over 80,000 photographs are taken around the world every second? [PAR] False (approximately 2,700 are) [PAR] 10. The letter \"t\" is the second most common letter used in the English language? [PAR] True [PAR] Being buried alive might be a bit common. \ufffd Creature read in a Book that they were having a funeral service for a Greek Bishop in his church and the Bishop was lying in state in the church. \ufffd And suddenly the Bishop sat up and said to the congregation Wot is you all staring at? [PAR] Another time the congregation was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - True or False? Puzzles - True or False? [PAR] CLICK FOR FULL PAGE [PAR] . In space it is impossible to cry? [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] 3. Slug's don't have any noses? [PAR] 4. Most Eskimoes have fridges? [PAR] 5. An Ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain? [PAR] 6. Thomas Edison, who invented the lightbulb, was afraid of the dark? [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] 8. Taphephobia is the fear of losing your teeth? [PAR] 9. Over 80,000 photographs are taken around the world every second? [PAR] 10. The letter \"t\" is the second most common letter used in the English language? [PAR] . In space it is impossible to cry? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 3. Slug's don't have any noses? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 4. Most Eskimoes have fridges? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 5. An Ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 6. Thomas Edison, who invented the lightbulb, was afraid of the dark? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 8. Taphephobia is the fear of losing your teeth? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 9. Over 80,000 photographs are taken around the world every second? [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 10. The letter \"t\" is the second most common letter used in the English language [PAR] TRUE [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] Antidotes (I cheated) [PAR] 8. taphephobia is the fear of being mistaken for dead when you're really still alive.... [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] uncopyrightable [PAR] A bold declaration by Furby there! [PAR] some right some wrong.. as you might expect [PAR] Particularly well done to Helio for coming up with uncopyrightable, to Eccles, for cheating, to slugs for having four noses, and to absolutely everyone for kindly NOT pointing out the rogue apostrophe (wince, shudder, I copied and pasted and didn't check.) [PAR] Here's the full list: [PAR] 1. In space it is impossible to cry? [PAR] True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) [PAR] 2. \"Copyrightable\" is the longest word in the English language that can be written without repeating a letter? [PAR] False (it's \"uncopyrightable\") [PAR] 3. Slugs don't have any noses? [PAR] False (they have four) [PAR] 4. Most Eskimoes have fridges? [PAR] True (to keep their food from freezing) [PAR] 5. An Ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain? [PAR] True [PAR] 6. Thomas Edison, who invented the lightbulb, was afraid of the dark? [PAR] True [PAR] 7. There are no anagrams of the word \"stationed\"? [PAR] False (\"antidotes\") [PAR] 8. Taphephobia is the fear of losing your teeth? [PAR] False (it's the fear of being buried alive) [PAR] 9. Over 80,000 photographs are taken around the world every second? [PAR] False (approximately 2,700 are) [PAR] 10. The letter \"t\" is the second most common letter used in the English language? [PAR] True [PAR] Being buried alive might be a bit common. \ufffd Creature read in a Book that they were having a funeral service for a Greek Bishop in his church and the Bishop was lying in state in the church. \ufffd And suddenly the Bishop sat up and said to the congregation Wot is you all staring at? [PAR] Another time the congregation was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Academy Awards Best Pictures - Facts & Trivia Academy Awards Best Pictures - Facts & Trivia [PAR] Stanley 'Stosh' in The Deer Hunter (1978) [PAR] Box Office: Lowest Grossing Best Picture [PAR] In recent times since the advent of modern box-office tabulations, Best Director-winning Kathryn Bigelow's The Hurt Locker (2009) was the lowest-grossing Best Picture winner of all time. Its domestic gross earnings were $12.6 million at the time of its nomination, and only $14.7 at the time of its award. [PAR] Color and Black and White Best Pictures: [PAR] Gone With the Wind (1939) was the first all-color film that won the Best Picture Oscar. [Note: Broadway Melody (1928/29) contained only a few sequences shot in two-color (red/green) Technicolor.] [PAR] The next four Best Picture color films were: [PAR] The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) [PAR] Schindler's List (1993) was the first black-and-white film (although it had a few short segments in color) to win the top award since the all B&W The Apartment (1960) . The Artist (2011) was the last entirely B/W film to win Best Picture. [PAR] Only one Best Picture-winning film was originally a TV comedy drama: the black and white Marty (1955) . [It was also the second Best Picture Oscar winner to also win the Cannes Film Festival's Palme d'Or - the first to win the top prize was The Lost Weekend (1945) .] [PAR] The first time all five Best Picture nominees were shot in color was 1956. [PAR] The first film to be released on home video before winning Best Picture was The Silence of the Lambs (1991) . [PAR] Foreign-Language Film Best Pictures Nominees: [PAR] It should be noted that 1956 was the first year that the regular competitive category of Best Foreign Language Film was introduced. Foreign-language films would no longer be recognized with only a Special Achievement Honorary Award or with a Best Picture nomination (as in 1938) - see below. [PAR] The first non-English (foreign language) film to be nominated for Best Picture was Grand Illusion (1938). To date, none of the nominated foreign-language films won the Best Picture Oscar. The only foreign-language films nominated for Best Picture include: [PAR] Grand Illusion (1938, France) [PAR] # Nominee for both Best Foreign Language Film and Best Picture [PAR] * Winner of Best Foreign Language Film [PAR] Five films have the double honor of both Best Picture and Best Foreign Language Film nominations: Z (1969), The Emigrants (1972), Life is Beautiful (1998), Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), and Amour (2012). The Emigrants (1972) was the only one of the five to receive the nominations in different years, and was the only one of the five to not receive the award for Best Foreign-Language Film. [PAR] Bertolucci's Chinese/Italian-produced Best Picture winner The Last Emperor (1987) was not a Foreign-Language Film nominee. [PAR] So far, three partly 'foreign-language' films have won Best Picture: [PAR] Slumdog Millionaire (2008) [PAR] The Best Foreign Language Film Category: [PAR] In 1956, the regular competitive Oscar category of Best Foreign Language Film was introduced (the first award was actually presented at the 29th Academy Awards ceremony held in the spring of 1957). [PAR] Currently, Italy has the most Best Foreign Language Film Oscars - a total of 11 Oscars and 3 Honorary or Special Awards. [Second place is France with 9 Oscars, and Spain with 4 Oscars.] Italy broke its own record for number of Best Foreign Language Film nominations with its 28th for The Great Beauty (2013), the year's winner. [PAR] The first winner in the new category of Best Foreign Language"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'English Patient' Dominates Oscars With Nine, Including ... 'English Patient' Dominates Oscars With Nine, Including Best Picture [PAR] 'English Patient' Dominates Oscars With Nine, Including Best Picture [PAR] By LAWRENCE VAN GELDER [PAR] he English Patient,'' a mesmerizing tale of love and betrayal set against the background of World War II in the deserts of North Africa and the devastation of Italy, dominated the 69th Academy Awards last night in Los Angeles. [PAR] The film, adapted by its director, Anthony Minghella, from Michael Ondaatje's 1992 Booker Prize-winning novel, won in 9 of the 12 categories in which it had received nominations, including best picture. [PAR] Its Academy Awards of Merit, the official name of the Oscars, included the prizes for Mr. Minghella as director and for Juliette Binoche as best supporting actress, as well as for cinematography, art direction, costume design, editing, sound and original dramatic score. The haul of the gold-plated statuettes, depicting a knight standing on a reel of film, hands gripping a sword, put ''The English Patient'' in a category of films that includes the 1958 musical ''Gigi'' and the 1987 epic ''The Last Emperor.'' Only the 1961 musical ''West Side Story,'' with 10 Oscars, and the 1959 biblical drama ''Ben-Hur,'' with 11, have won more. [PAR] Standing between ''The English Patient'' and a sweep in the major categories were Billy Bob Thornton, who won the Oscar for best screenplay adaptation for ''Sling Blade''; Geoffrey Rush for his portrayal of the troubled Australian pianist David Helfgott in ''Shine,'' and Frances McDormand, chosen best actress for her portrayal of a pregnant police chief in ''Fargo.'' That snowbound film noir also won the brothers Ethan and Joel Coen the prize for best original screenplay. [PAR] Even before last night's ceremonies, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences had announced that its Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, an honorary accolade for high level of producing was to go to Saul Zaentz, the producer of ''The English Patient.'' His previous Oscar winners were ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' and ''Amadeus.'' [PAR] Accepting his award, Mr. Zaentz spoke of the passion that separates one film from another, and as he held his award aloft, he said: ''This belongs to the many with whom I have shared dreams and journeys. My cup is full.'' Later, when ''The English Patient'' was named best film, Mr. Zaentz said, ''It runneth over.'' [PAR] The awards to ''The English Patient,'' ''Fargo'' and ''Shine'' capped a year in which the major Hollywood studios were pushed aside at awards ceremonies in favor of so-called independent productions. [PAR] If the night could be said to hold a surprise, it was the decision of the voters to award the prize for best supporting actress to Ms. Binoche rather than to Lauren Bacall for her portrayal of an overbearing mother in ''The Mirror Has Two Faces.'' Even Ms. Binoche said she was surprised. [PAR] After a three-year hiatus, Billy Crystal returned as host of the ceremonies for the fifth time since 1990, opening the show at the Shrine Auditorium with a series of film clips that injected him into scenes from some of the Oscar-nominated films as he pondered the wisdom of resuming the role of host. [PAR] With Yoda of ''Stars Wars'' as the adviser on his troubled decision to come back, he turned to his putative parents -- Brenda Blethyn in scenes from ''Secrets and Lies'' and Armin Mueller-Stahl in ''Shine.'' He confronted Tom Cruise of ''Jerry Maguire'' as his agent and left his thick book of jokes with a dying Kristin Scott Thomas of ''The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Academy Awards Best Director - Facts & Trivia Academy Awards Best Director - Facts & Trivia [PAR] Warren Beatty/Buck Henry for Heaven Can Wait (1978) (nominated) [PAR] John Singleton for Boys N the Hood (1991) (nominated) [PAR] Rob Marshall for Chicago (2002) (nominated) [PAR] Bennett Miller for Capote (2005) (nominated) [PAR] Paul Haggis for Crash (2005) (nominated) [PAR] Benh Zeitlin for Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012) (nominated) [PAR] Directors With Two Best Director Nominations in the Same Year: [PAR] Only three directors have received two Best Director nominations in the same year: [PAR] Michael Curtiz, for Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) and Four Daughters (1938) [PAR] Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich (2000) and Traffic (2000) (win) [PAR] Duo Directing Teams Nominated for Best Director: [PAR] Only four duo directing teams have been nominated for Best Director in Oscars history, and only twice have the duo-directors won: [PAR] Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise for West Side Story (1961) - (win) - two Best Director Oscars were awarded to co-directors Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise; it marked the first time that awards went to co-directors. The only Best Director Oscar winner to win for the only film he ever directed was also Jerome Robbins [PAR] Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men (2007) - (win) - the first time a sibling team had been nominated in the category, and the second directing duo to win Best Director [PAR] Warren Beatty and Buck Henry for Heaven Can Wait (1978) [PAR] Joel and Ethan Coen were again nominated as Best Director for True Grit (2010) [PAR] The Director with the Most Film Nominations in a Single Year: [PAR] Director W.S. (Woody) Van Dyke holds the single-year record for the most films to receive Oscar nominations (7): [PAR] Van Dyke directed The Thin Man (1934) that had four nominations (Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Director, and Best Adaptation) [PAR] Van Dyke directed Manhattan Melodrama (1934) that won Best Original Story [PAR] Van Dyke directed Hide-out (1934) that was nominated for Best Original Story [PAR] Van Dyke directed Eskimo (1934) that won Best Film Editing [PAR] The Director with the Most Oscar Wins For Films in the Same Year: [PAR] Director Steven Spielberg holds the record for the most Oscars wins for multiple films in the same year: [PAR] Schindler's List (1993) - with 12 nominations (and 7 wins) [PAR] African-American (Black) Best Director Nominees/Winners: [PAR] No African-American (or black) has ever won Best Picture. [PAR] African-Americans (or blacks) nominated as Best Director include: [PAR] John Singleton for Boyz N the Hood (1991) - the first [PAR] Lee Daniels for Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire (2009) - the second African-American nominated director; it was the first-ever Best Picture nominee to be directed by an African-American filmmaker [PAR] British director Steve McQueen for Best Picture-winning 12 Years a Slave (2013) [Note: If McQueen had won Best Director, he would have been the first black filmmaker to win the title.] [PAR] Spike Lee was never nominated for Best Director (only for screenwriting and documentary). [PAR] Female Directors: The Only Winner - and the Only Ones Nominated [PAR] There have only been four female Best Director nominees: [PAR] Italian film director Lina Wertmuller for Seven Beauties (1976, It.) - the first woman to be nominated for Best Director [PAR] New Zealander Jane Campion for Best Picture-nominated The Piano (1993) [PAR] Sofia Coppola for her Best Picture-nominated Lost in Translation (2003) - the first American woman nominated for Best Director and only the third woman ever to be nominated for Best"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jessica Tandy, a Patrician Star Of Theater and Film, Dies ... Jessica Tandy, a Patrician Star Of Theater and Film, Dies at 85 [PAR] Jessica Tandy, a Patrician Star Of Theater and Film, Dies at 85 [PAR] By MARILYN BERGER [PAR] Jessica Tandy, who enhanced the American theater and enriched the American screen as few actresses have, died yesterday at her home in Easton, Conn. She was 85. [PAR] The cause was ovarian cancer, said her husband, the actor Hume Cronyn. [PAR] Miss Tandy triumphed on Broadway in 1947 as Blanche Dubois in Tennessee Williams's \"Streetcar Named Desire,\" and was still a great star more than 40 years later when she played the title character in the 1989 film \"Driving Miss Daisy.\" In the years between, she and Mr. Cronyn, played opposite each other in success after success to become the most illustrious theater couple of their day. [PAR] With the role of Blanche Dubois, Miss Tandy emerged from a series of minor film roles as a maid for some of Hollywood's leading ladies, to establish herself as one of the leading ladies of the stage. The memory can still bring chills to those who saw her performance, which the New York Times drama critic Brooks Atkinson called \"incredibly true.\" Almost four decades later, another New York Times drama critic, Frank Rich, wrote of her, \"Everything this actress does is so pure and right that only poets, not theater critics, should be allowed to write about her.\" [PAR] When she was 80 years old, she brought that purity and rightness to her portrayal of an aging and fiercely independent Southern lady in \"Driving Miss Daisy.\" It was a performance that won her critical acclaim from Los Angeles to Berlin and, at last, an Academy Award. When she received the Oscar in March 1990 she was the oldest person ever to win one. She vowed to go on working, although she said she hoped she would know when to stop, \"before they have to get the hook.\" The Academy Award came one year after she won an Emmy for her performance in the television adaptation of \"Foxfire,\" of which her husband was was a co-writer. Even after she became seriously ill she continued to work, completing three films and two television dramas. [PAR] A Phenomenal Record Of Joint Triumphs [PAR] When Miss Tandy and Mr. Cronyn first appeared together, in \"The Fourposter\" in 1951, audiences found a husband-and-wife team that would come to succeed Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne as the foremost couple of the American theater. One triumph followed another, culminating in \"The Gin Game\" in 1977 and \"Foxfire\" in 1982. [PAR] By 1986, when they appeared in \"The Petition,\" Mr. Rich was writing of \"their legendary theatrical relationship\" and of a Cronyn-Tandy moment as \"an acting phenomenon now unique in the Broadway theater and possibly never to come its way again.\" Mel Gussow, another drama critic for The Times, called them \"two actors at their summit.\" He wrote that when the Cronyns acted together, it was \"a matter of hearts, minds and bodies in creative harmony.\" [PAR] One of their last projects together was \"To Dance With the White Dog,\" a television movie that had its premiere last year. At last night's Emmy Awards in Pasadena, Calif., Mr. Cronyn was named best actor in a mini-series or special for his performance as a recently widowed man mourning his wife. Miss Tandy was nominated for best actress but did not win. A clip from the movie was shown during the awards ceremony in a brief tribute to her."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Steven Spielberg [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 282 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (19) | Trivia (158) | Personal Quotes (94) | Salary (5) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 7\u00bd\" (1.71 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Undoubtedly one of the most influential film personalities in the history of film, Steven Spielberg is perhaps Hollywood's best known director and one of the wealthiest filmmakers in the world. Spielberg has countless big-grossing, critically acclaimed credits to his name, as producer, director and writer. [PAR] Steven Allan Spielberg was born in 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Leah Frances (Posner), a concert pianist and restaurateur, and Arnold Spielberg , an electrical engineer who worked in computer development. His parents were both born to Russian Jewish immigrant families. Steven spent his younger years in Haddon Township, New Jersey, Phoenix, Arizona, and later Saratoga, California. He went to California State University Long Beach, but dropped out to pursue his entertainment career. He gained notoriety as an uncredited assistant editor on the classic western Wagon Train (1957). Among his early directing efforts were Battle Squad (1961), which combined World War II footage with footage of an airplane on the ground that he makes you believe is moving. He also directed Escape to Nowhere (1961), which featured children as World War Two soldiers, including his sister Anne Spielberg , and The Last Gun (1959), a western. All of these were short films. The next couple of years, Spielberg directed a couple of movies that would portend his future career in movies. In 1964, he directed Firelight (1964), a movie about aliens invading a small town. In 1967, he directed Slipstream (1967), which was unfinished. However, in 1968, he directed Amblin' (1968), which featured the desert prominently, and not the first of his movies in which the desert would feature so prominently. Amblin' also became the name of his production company, which turned out such classics as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). Spielberg had a unique and classic early directing project, Duel (1971), with Dennis Weaver . In the early 1970s, Spielberg was working on TV, directing among others such series as Rod Serling 's Night Gallery (1969), Marcus Welby, M.D. (1969) and Columbo: Murder by the Book (1971). All of his work in television and short films, as well as his directing projects, were just a hint of the wellspring of talent that would dazzle audiences all over the world. [PAR] Spielberg's first major directorial effort was The Sugarland Express (1974), with Goldie Hawn , a film that marked him as a rising star. It was his next effort, however, that made him an international superstar among directors: Jaws (1975). This classic shark attack tale started the tradition of the summer blockbuster or, at least, he was credited with starting the tradition. His next film was the classic Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), a unique and original UFO story that remains a classic. In 1978, Spielberg produced his first film, the forgettable I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978), and followed that effort with Used Cars (1980), a critically acclaimed, but mostly forgotten, Kurt Russell \\\\ Jack Warden comedy about devious used-car dealers. Spielberg hit gold yet one more time with Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), with Harrison Ford taking the part of Indiana Jones. Spielberg produced and directed two films in 1982. The first was Poltergeist (1982), but the highest-grossing movie of all time up to that point was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The only sequels to win an Oscar for best picture | iknow.io The only sequels to win an Oscar for best picture | iknow.io [PAR] iknow.io helps you turn your data into awesome insights like these. Learn More Contact Us [PAR] The only sequels to win an Oscar for best picture [PAR] Box Office Total (Dom+Intl) ($): 1,141,408,667 [PAR] Country: [PAR] Creative Source: Based on Fiction Book/Short Story [PAR] Creative Type: Fantasy [PAR] Domestic Box Office Amnt ($): 377,845,905 [PAR] Editor is: Jamie Selkirk [PAR] Film cinematographer is: Andrew Lesnie [PAR] Film writer is: [PAR] Inflation Adjusted Dom Box Office ($): 490,835,622 [PAR] Intl Box Office Amnt ($): 763,562,762 [PAR] Maximum Number of Theaters: 3,703 [PAR] Minimum Unaccompanied Age: 13 [PAR] Opening Weekend Number of Theaters: 3,703 [PAR] Opening Weekend Revenue Amount ($): 72,629,713 [PAR] Producer is: [PAR] Rating System: Motion Picture Association of America film rating system [PAR] Release Date: Dec. 1, 2003 [PAR] Runtime (min.): 201 [PAR] Weeks Running * Number of Theaters: 35,419 [PAR] #2 The Godfather Part II [PAR] Box Office Total (Dom+Intl) ($): 57,300,000 [PAR] Country: United States of America [PAR] Creative Source: [PAR] Director is: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Domestic Box Office Amnt ($): 57,300,000 [PAR] Editor is: [PAR] Executive producer is: Robert Evans [PAR] Featured Locations: New York City [PAR] Film Genres: [PAR] Film cinematographer is: Gordon Willis [PAR] Film writer is: [PAR] Inflation Adjusted Dom Box Office ($): 241,763,100 [PAR] Intl Box Office Amnt ($): [PAR] Opening Weekend Number of Theaters: [PAR] Opening Weekend Revenue Amount ($): [PAR] Producer is: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Production Method: [PAR] Rating System: Motion Picture Association of America film rating system [PAR] Release Date: Dec. 12, 1974 [PAR] Runtime (min.): 200 [PAR] Filter Is Sequel [PAR] Equal to Yes [PAR] Want to create an insight similar to this one? Use this query as a starting point. [PAR] Express your opinion about this insight [PAR] Brilliant [PAR] Thanks for expressing your opinion! [PAR] Now leave a comment and explain why you think this is ! [PAR] 4 Comments [PAR] That's only because no one produced the sequel for Schindler's List: \"Schindler's Fist\" [PAR] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eExfV_xKaiM [PAR] by Yoav C. [PAR] I hope it's already in the making. Also this Puke Bus sounds promising :) [PAR] Back in the days Nicolas Cage knew how to say no. Not sure what happened to him since: http://iknow.io/insight/nicolas-cages-award-winning-films-37/[DOC] [TLE] Academy Awards Best Pictures - Milestones - Filmsite.org Academy Awards Best Pictures - Milestones [PAR] Nominations: 8 [PAR] The fact-based story of two determined New York detectives who pursue a major drug-smuggling operation. [PAR] the first R-rated film to win Best Picture since the institution of the MPAA rating system [PAR] following In the Heat of the Night (1967) , it was only the second Best Picture in Academy history to showcase a police officer as its central character [PAR] in the same year, the first science-fiction film to be nominated for Best Picture was Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange (1971) and it was the last X-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture [PAR] in the same year, Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), the most-recent PG-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture [PAR] Awards: 3 [PAR] Nominations: 10 [PAR] A Mafia family struggles to reconcile old-country traditions and the realities of doing business in America. [PAR] one of The Godfather's original eleven nominations was removed, Best Music (Original Dramatic Score), when it was determined that Nino Rota's score had been used for a previous 1958 film [PAR] all of its three nominees for Best Supporting Actor lost to Joel Grey in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1998 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1998 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] The Thin Red Line (1998) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] ROBERTO BENIGNI in \"Life is Beautiful\", Tom Hanks in \"Saving Private Ryan\", Ian McKellen in \"Gods and Monsters\", Nick Nolte in \"Affliction\", Edward Norton in \"American History X\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] GWYNETH PALTROW in \"Shakespeare in Love\", Cate Blanchett in \"Elizabeth\", Fernanda Montenegro in \"Central Station\", Meryl Streep in \"One True Thing\", Emily Watson in \"Hilary and Jackie\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] JAMES COBURN in \"Affliction\", Robert Duvall in \"A Civil Action\", Ed Harris in \"The Truman Show\", Geoffrey Rush in \"Shakespeare in Love\", Billy Bob Thornton in \"A Simple Plan\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] JUDI DENCH in \"Shakespeare in Love\", Kathy Bates in \"Primary Colors\", Brenda Blethyn in \"Little Voice\", Rachel Griffiths in \"Hilary and Jackie\", Lynn Redgrave in \"Gods and Monsters\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] STEVEN SPIELBERG for \"Saving Private Ryan\", Roberto Benigni for \"Life is Beautiful\", John Madden for \"Shakespeare in Love\", Terrence Malick for \"The Thin Red Line\", Peter Weir for \"The Truman Show\" [PAR] There were two notable firsts for this year's Oscars awards ceremony broadcast on ABC-TV. The 71st annual Academy Awards show was held on March 21, 1999 and hosted by Whoopi Goldberg to honor 1998's films. It marked the first time the ceremony was held on a Sunday, and it was the longest ceremony ever held up to this point, clocking in at 4 hours and 2 minutes. [PAR] The Best Picture nominees for 1998 included five films with only two major subjects areas or settings: World War II and Elizabethan England. [PAR] The Best Picture Oscar winner and over-all Oscar champ, in a major darkhorse upset, was the light-hearted, factual and fanciful romantic comedy/costume drama Shakespeare in Love about the struggling, writing-blocked, and romantically-afflicted bard in 16th century London. It told the fanciful background story of how the romantic love story, Romeo and Juliet, was composed, when the the bard was writing an earlier version titled \"Romeo and Ethel, the Sea Pirate's Daughter\". The film was a hybrid blend, but could be considered the first romantic comedy to win Best Picture since [PAR] Annie Hall (1977) . [It was the last comedy film, to date, to win Best Picture.] [PAR] The film had thirteen nominations and seven Oscars (Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Original Screenplay (co-written by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard), Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Musical or Comedy Score). [It has the most Oscar awards (7) for a film that didn't win Best Director.] Shakespeare in Love gave Britisher John Madden his first Best Director nomination - his previous work consisted of only three little-known feature films, one of which was Mrs. Brown (1997). [Only two other films in Oscar history have had more nominations: Titanic (1997) and All About Eve (1950) - each with 14.] Two of the film's three performance nominations were awarded Oscars - only Geoffrey Rush failed to win his bid. [PAR] The second runner-up in Oscar awards and nominations was Best Director-winning Steven Spielberg's realistic war epic Saving Private Ryan with eleven nominations and five awards - mostly in technical categories (Best Director, Best Cinematography (Janusz Kaminski), Best Film Editing (Michael Kahn), Best Sound, and Best Sound Effects). (Five-time Oscar winner John Williams received a nomination for Best Score - his 36th nomination. He had already won the Oscar for Best Score three times for previous Spielberg films - [PAR] Schindler's List (1993) .) [PAR] Saving Private Ryan was a harrowing tale of eight WWII"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Two Animated Films Nominated for Best Picture Oscar Two Animated Films Nominated for Best Picture Oscar [PAR] Two Animated Films Nominated for Best Picture Oscar [PAR] 69 [PAR] News media stories about the Oscars are cropping up all over and all of them are parroting the same factoid: Up is only the second time since the inception of the award that the Academy has nominated an animated film for Best Picture. (The first time was Beauty and the Beast in 1991.) What they should be writing is that today is a milestone day because two animated films were nominated for an Oscar: Up and Avatar. [PAR] There is little doubt in the minds of both Brewmasters, Jerry Beck and Amid Amidi, that Avatar will eventually be recognized as an animated feature as more and more films are created using the constantly evolving performance capture animation technique. Within the industry, most already recognize the film as heavily animated, from top feature film animators who wonder why Avatar\u2018s animators are receiving so little credit for their work on the film to animation union rep Steve Hulett who stated that if, \u201cAvatar isn\u2019t halfway to three-quarters animation, I will eat my computer.\u201d Most importantly, had this film been submitted to the Academy for consideration in the animated feature category, it would have qualified under the Academy\u2019s own rules . [PAR] While James Cameron\u2019s publicity machine may be unwilling to acknowledge the extent of animation used in creating Avatar, let us be the first to congratulate Mr. Cameron on his nomination for his groundbreaking piece of animation. [PAR] PARTNER MESSAGE [PAR] More Articles [PAR] squirrel [PAR] Wow. Up is only the SECOND animated film to get a Best Picture nomination?!?! :O Way to wake the Academy up! [PAR] Despite all the hard work animators did on Avatar, I have to side with Cameron on this one: it is not an animated film. Keep in mind that we are talking about the film in the broadest sense- a film can be called \u2018live-action\u2019 but have tons and tons of animation effects work. [PAR] Steve Segal [PAR] I normally agree with Jerry. But I don\u2019t agree that Avatar is an animated feature. It definitely benefits from animated effects, but the plot is carried by live actors, it\u2019s just that we see a synthetic representation of them. I realize that the performance is heavily manipulated by animators, but the base performance is from an actor, and I consider that different from watching an actor on video and using that as a reference. It may be a subtle difference, but when I watch an animated film like Up or The Princess and the Frog it\u2019s clear to me that I\u2019m watching an animation performance; watching the main characters in Avatar I see human motion. [PAR] It is true that under the Academy rules it would have qualified for inclusion in the animated feature category. But I believe that to be a technicality. [PAR] Bitter Animator [PAR] Isn\u2019t this the place that doesn\u2019t consider Linklater\u2019s movies to be \u2018animation\u2019? [PAR] Truth be told, I don\u2019t know how much actual animation is in Avatar but it\u2019s being sold as motion capture. Is it not motion capture? [PAR] Spike [PAR] Why are people so afraid to admit that Avatar is an animated film? [PAR] Isn\u2019t it just animators being elitist? [PAR] Randy V [PAR] Well what\u2019s it to be? I see Zemeckis movies lambasted on this site for not being animated, but the moment a mo-cap film gets nominations suddenly it IS an animated movie? [PAR] Ward [PAR] I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Memorable Moments from Oscar Hosts Past and Present ... 7 Memorable Moments from Oscar Hosts Past and Present | Mental Floss [PAR] 7 Memorable Moments from Oscar Hosts Past and Present [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] 1. Will Rogers [PAR] In 1934, host Will Rogers (left) caused one of the most embarrassing Oscar mix-ups ever when he announced the winner of the Best Director award by saying, \"C'mon get it, Frank!\" Leaping out of his chair came Frank Capra, nominated for Lady For A Day. Capra was almost to the rostrum when he realized that Rogers had meant a different Frank. As Frank Lloyd won the award for Cavalcade, Capra slunk back to his seat. He later described it as \"the longest crawl in history.\" [PAR] 2. Bob Hope [PAR] In the record-holding 18 times Bob Hope hosted the Oscars, he spouted many quotable one-liners. But his most memorable moment came in 1966, when he was caught off guard by Best Picture presenter Jack Lemmon and Academy President Arthur Freed, who gave Hope an Honorary Award for his unique service to the motion picture industry. A visibly moved Hope was for once without a zinger, saying, \"You've caught me with my idiot cards down.\" [PAR] In this summary clip of the 1966 Academy Awards, Hope receives his award at the 1:34 mark. [PAR] 3. Jerry Lewis [PAR] 1959 may have marked the only Academy Awards ceremony that ended early. With twenty minutes of air time left to fill, host Jerry Lewis stepped into the breach. \"I proceeded to do shtick and bits and talk to the musicians in the pit,\" said Lewis. One bit was an uncomfortably long audience sing-a-long of \"There's No Business Like Show Business.\" Undaunted, Lewis continued. \"I went on until I ran out, then I brought everyone onstage and had a dance contest. I had Clark Gable dancing with Ann Sheridan. I had Cagney dancing with Bogart, and we danced until we went off the air.\" Lewis never hosted again. [PAR] In this interview with the Archive of American Television, Lewis recalls the short awards ceremony. [PAR] 4. David Niven [PAR] In 1974, just as co-host David Niven was introducing the Best Picture presenter, a naked man streaked across the stage behind him. The debonair Niven took it in stride, quipping, \"Isn't it fascinating to think that the only laugh that that man will ever get in his life is by stripping off and showing his shortcomings.\" It brought the house down. (In an official Oscars video on YouTube, stars recall their favorite Oscars moment\u2014the streaker\u2014with a clip of the streaker's interruption and Niven's quip.) [PAR] 5. Johnny Carson [PAR] Johnny Carson brought his wit, charm, and perfect comic pitch to the hosting job five times. In 1979, he had one of the best opening one-liners ever when he scanned the star-studded audience and said, \"I see a lot of new faces here, especially on the old faces.\" In closing the same ceremony, Carson told an ailing, cancer-stricken John Wayne that a \"few friends want to say hello,\" then ushered on a galaxy of presenters and winners to fill the stage as a gesture of love and appreciation for the Duke. [PAR] 6. Chris Rock [PAR] \"Welcome to the 77th and last Academy Awards,\" cracked host Chris Rock as he opened the 2005 ceremony. (Watch the official Oscars video of Rock's opening monologue on YouTube.) Rock's fiery monologue didn't shy from politics, especially in a funny, barbed attack on President George W. Bush's mishandling of the country's economy. Rock said, \"Just imagine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Real Teddy Bear Story - Theodore Roosevelt Association Real Teddy Bear Story - Theodore Roosevelt Association [PAR] Real Teddy Bear Story [PAR] Home > Resources > Real Teddy Bear Story [PAR] How did toy bears come to be named after President Theodore Roosevelt? [PAR] It all started with a hunting trip President Roosevelt took in 1902 in Mississippi at the invitation of Mississippi Governor, Andrew H. Longino. After three days of hunting, other members of the party had spotted bears, but not Roosevelt. [PAR] Now what? The President's bear hunt would be a failure! The next day, the hunt guides tracked down an old black bear that the dogs had trailed quite a distance and attacked. The guides tied the bear to a willow tree and called for the President. Here was a bear for him to shoot! [PAR] But Roosevelt took one look at the old bear and refused to shoot it. He felt doing so would be unsportsmanlike. However, since it was injured and suffering, Roosevelt ordered that the bear be put down to end its pain. Word of this hit newspapers across the country, and political cartoonist Clifford Berryman picked up on the story, drawing a cartoon showing how President Roosevelt refused to shoot the bear while hunting in Mississippi. [PAR] The original cartoon, which ran in the Washington Post on November 16, 1902, shows Roosevelt standing in front. The guide and bear are in the background, and they\u2019re about the same size. Later, similar cartoons appeared, but the bear was smaller and shaking with fear. This bear cub then appeared in other cartoons Clifford Berryman drew throughout Roosevelt\u2019s career. That connected bears with President Roosevelt. [PAR] The Teddy Bear tie came when a Brooklyn, NY candy shop owner, Morris Michtom, saw Clifford Berryman\u2019s original cartoon of Roosevelt and the bear and had an idea. He put in his shop window two stuffed toy bears his wife had made. Michtom asked permission from President Roosevelt to call these toy bears \"Teddy's bears\". The rapid popularity of these bears led Michtom to mass-produce them, eventually forming the Ideal Novelty and Toy Company. [PAR] At about the same time, a Germany company, Steiff, started making stuffed bears. Margaret Steiff earned her living by sewing, first by making stuffed elephants, then other animals. In 1903, an American saw a stuffed bear she had made and ordered many of them. These bears, which also came to be called Teddy Bears, made the international connection. [PAR] More than a century later, teddy bears have never lost popularity, and all can be traced to that one hunting trip in Mississippi.[DOC] [TLE] Sawaal: After which famous person was the teddy bear named ... Sawaal: After which famous person was the teddy bear named?: BolegaIndia.com - Connect with Friends, Ask Sawaal, Share Knowledge, Share Offers, Polls Predict & Win [PAR] After which famous person was the teddy bear named? [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Here's What Candy Came Out The Year You Were Born Here's What Candy Came Out The Year You Were Born [PAR] Here's What Candy Came Out The Year You Were Born [PAR] Starburst Jelly Beans, for the win. [PAR] Seven decades of sweet, salty, and sour goodness. [PAR] More [PAR] 1941 [PAR] M&M's [PAR] These little candies have a very colorful origin story . During the Spanish Civil war, Forest Mars Sr., son of the inventor of the Milky Way, witnessed soldiers eating small chocolate beads covered in hard sugar shells and was inspired. Chocolate sales typically dropped during the summer when temperatures rose and Mars was excited at the idea of inventing a product that wouldn't melt. He and Bruce Murrie, son of Hershey executive William Murrie, joined together to create the original M&M's (Mars + Murrie = M&M). [PAR] In 1941, Mars received a patent for his product and began mass-producing the little chocolate in Newark, NJ. They were originally sold in tubes and shelled in brown, red, orange, yellow, green, and violet coatings and only available to soldiers in the war. The candies were first stamped with a black \"M\" in 1950, which later changed to the white \"M\" we know and love today in 1954. [PAR] M&Ms [PAR] 1945 [PAR] DOTS Gumdrops [PAR] Boasting itself as \" America's favorite, #1-selling gumdrop brand \" since its introduction in 1945, these chewy little guys have been beloved for over six decades. Tootsie makes over 4 billion DOTS each year and they still come in the same original flavors today as they did in the 1940s: cherry, strawberry, lemon, lime, and orange. [PAR] Getty [PAR] 1941 [PAR] M&M's [PAR] These little candies have a very colorful origin story . During the Spanish Civil war, Forest Mars Sr., son of the inventor of the Milky Way, witnessed soldiers eating small chocolate beads covered in hard sugar shells and was inspired. Chocolate sales typically dropped during the summer when temperatures rose and Mars was excited at the idea of inventing a product that wouldn't melt. He and Bruce Murrie, son of Hershey executive William Murrie, joined together to create the original M&M's (Mars + Murrie = M&M). [PAR] In 1941, Mars received a patent for his product and began mass-producing the little chocolate in Newark, NJ. They were originally sold in tubes and shelled in brown, red, orange, yellow, green, and violet coatings and only available to soldiers in the war. The candies were first stamped with a black \"M\" in 1950, which later changed to the white \"M\" we know and love today in 1954. [PAR] M&Ms [PAR] 1945 [PAR] DOTS Gumdrops [PAR] Boasting itself as \" America's favorite, #1-selling gumdrop brand \" since its introduction in 1945, these chewy little guys have been beloved for over six decades. Tootsie makes over 4 billion DOTS each year and they still come in the same original flavors today as they did in the 1940s: cherry, strawberry, lemon, lime, and orange. [PAR] Getty [PAR] 1947 [PAR] Bazooka Bubble Gum [PAR] Just looking at that picture brings the classic pink bubblegum taste to my mouth and has me humming, \"Bazooka-zooka bubblegum...\" Developed at the end of World War II in Brooklyn, New York, Bazooka Bubble Gum, with its Bazooka Joe comics inside, has been a classic chewing gum for decades. [PAR] Old Time Candy [PAR] 1948 [PAR] Almond Joy [PAR] While its partner candy bar Mounds has been around for almost a century, Almond Joy didn't join the game until a little later. While Mounds were already becoming a classic among"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Space Quotations: Apollo Moon Mission quotes Space Quotations: Apollo Moon Mission quotes [PAR] Watch the original TV broadcast (MPEG) [PAR] This, the most famous space line ever spoken, heard live by an estimated audience of 450 million people, was initially recorded without the 'a'. The next day's New York Times (21 July 1969) reported the line several times without it, including on the front page and as the 'Quotation of the Day' (on page 35). Armstrong didn't realize the 'a' was not heard until after he got back to Earth. The New York Times of 31 July 1969 had a short column about the 'a' back on page 20, saying that: [PAR] One small but important word was omitted in the official version of the historic utterance he made when he stepped on the moon 11 days ago\u2026 . The \"a\" apparently went unheard and unrecorded in the transmission because of static, a spokesman for the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston said in a telephone interview. What ever the reason, inserting the omitted article makes a slight but significant change in the meaning of Mr. Armstrong's words. [PAR] And so the debate started. [PAR] In the 1970 book First On The Moon , (the \"exclusive and official account \u2026 as seen by the men who experienced it\") Neil wrote his famous words with the 'a,' noting that Mission Control missed it. He writes \"tape recorders are fallible.\" Lunar surface communications were voice-activated and sometimes subject to interference. When presented with a plaque by the builders of the Lunar Module, he pointed out their mistake in failing to include the 'a,' and was told that the word was not in the tapes. He insisted \u2014 at that time \u2014 that he had said it. However, when listening to the tape, many people do not hear the 'a. [PAR] So maybe he did not say it. Armstong was an amazing test pilot and aerospace engineer, but he had been awake for 24 hours at the time of the moonwalk. He was making history for the ages on live TV in the ultimate dangerous uncertain environment. He was not an actor used to reciting lines. Thirty years later he said: [PAR] The 'a' was intended. I thought I said it. I can't hear it when I listen on the radio reception here on earth, so I'll be happy if you just put it in parenthesis. (16 July, 1999.) [PAR] Of course, then again, maybe he did say it. In his 2006 official biography, First Man , Armstrong states, [PAR] It doesn't sound like there was time for the word to be there. On the other hand, I didn't intentionally make an inane statement \u2026 certainly the a' was intended, because that \u2014 s the only way the statement makes any sense. [PAR] The Times of London reported on 2 October 2006 that by using high-tech sound analysis techniques an Australian computer expert has rediscovered the missing letter. Peter Shann Ford ran the NASA recording through sound-editing software and \"clearly picked up an acoustic wave from the word 'a,' finding that Mr. Armstrong spoke it at a rate of 35 milliseconds \u2014 ten times too fast for it to be audible.\" Neil Armstrong issued a statement saying: \u2014 I find the technology interesting and useful. I also find his conclusion persuasive. \u2014 However this analysis has been disputed by other audio experts and had not been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. In a June 2009 Popular Mechanics article, Armstrong \"confirmed\" that he did say the 'a.' [PAR] The most recent news"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crossing the channel: Pioneers who found new ways over the ... Crossing the channel: Pioneers who found new ways over the water - Telegraph [PAR] Travel News [PAR] Crossing the channel: Pioneers who found new ways over the water [PAR] Jonathan Trappe, who became the first man to cross the English channel using a cluster of helium balloons, is the latest in a long list of pioneers to find new ways of travelling between Britain and France. Here are a few of the more original. [PAR] Jonathan Trappe flies over the white cliffs of Dover as he crosses the English Channel flying a cluster balloon. The adventurer, aged 37, strapped 54 industrial strength helium balloons to his gondola and crossed the 22-mile waterway to the continent Photo: NICK OBANK / BARCROFT MEDIA [PAR] By Hunter Ruthven [PAR] 5:39PM BST 28 May 2010 [PAR] FIRST CROSSING BY BALLOON [PAR] On the 7th January 1785 Jean-Pierre Blanchard and Dr John Jeffries made the first flight across the channel in a time of 2hrs 30mins. Blanchard, a French inventor, was considered to be a pioneer in aviation and ballooning. [PAR] FIRST CROSSING BY SWIMMER: [PAR] On the 25th August 1875 Matthew Webb became the first person to swim across the channel without the use of artificial aids in a time of 21hrs 45mins. Covered in porpoise oil and enduring jellyfish stings, he actually swam just over 39 miles. [PAR] FIRST CROSSING BY PLANE: [PAR] Supersonic skydiver [PAR] 16 Mar 2012 [PAR] On the 25th July 1909 Louis Bleriot became the first man to fly across the channel in a heavier-than-air craft in a time of 37 minutes. The French inventor and self-trained pilot flew his Bleriot XI craft across the channel and received a \u00a31000 prize from a British newspaper. In his previous attempt, Bleriot had to abandon his attempt, and in doing so, made the first landing of an aircraft on the sea. [PAR] FIRST CROSSING BY HOVERCRAFT [PAR] On the 25th July 1959 Sir Sydney Christopher Cockerell became the first man to cross the channel on a hovercraft in a time of 2hrs 3mins. Sir Cokerall was the inventor of the hovercraft and developed the craft by experimenting with a hair-dryer and tin cans. His SR-N1 vessel was the \u2018first practical hovercraft\u2019 and was capable of carrying four men at a speed of 28mph. [PAR] FIRST CROSSING BY CAR [PAR] On the 16th September 1965 two Amphicars became the first cars to cross the channel in 7hrs 20mins. One car was crewed by two Army Officers, Captains Mike Bailey REME and Captain Peter Tappenden RAOC. The other car was crewed by Tim Dill-Russell and Sgt Joe Minto RASC. [PAR] FIRST CROSSING BY CORACLE [PAR] In 1974 Bernard Thomas became the first man to cross the channel in a coracle in a time of 13hrs 30mins. The coracle is a small light-weight boat, traditionally used in Wales, originally made using willow rods and bark. The crossing was part publicity stunt to highlight the possibility that Mandan Indians of North Dakota could have copied the coracles of Wales. [PAR] FIRST CROSSING BY HUMAN POWERED AIR-CRAFT [PAR] On the 12th June 1979 American Bryan Allen became the first man to cross the channel in a human-powered air-craft in a time of 2hrs 49mins. The pedal-powered craft had an average speed of 18mph and averaged an altitude of 1.5m [PAR] FIRST CROSSING ON FOOT [PAR] In May 1994 Daly Thompson became the first man to walk across the channel when he joined a group of around 50 charity fundraisers to make the crossing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ring-a-Ring o' Roses - Bikwil Ring-a-Ring o' Roses [PAR] Ring-a-Ring o' Roses [PAR] Tony Rogers here poses the following question: [PAR] \"Does the nursery rhyme Ring-a-Ring o' Roses really commemorate an outbreak of bubonic plague?\" [PAR] There I was, happy and secure in the conviction that the following nursery rhyme commemorates a specific historical event: [PAR] Ring-a-ring o\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd roses, [PAR] A pocket full of posies, [PAR] A-tishoo! A-tishoo! [PAR] We all fall down. [PAR] That event being, of course, either the Great Plague of London (1664-6) which killed 70,000 people in south-east England, or possibly the Black Death, which in five years in the middle of the 14th century wiped out a full third of Europe\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds population. [PAR] Well, I\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdm here to confess to you that I\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdve learned the error of my ways. It would seem that modern experts, including Iona and Peter Opie (editors of The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, 1951) and Gloria T. Delamar (Mother Goose: From Nursery to Literature, 1987), are very sceptical of the idea of any bubonic plague being the inspiration for Ring-a-Ring o\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Roses. [PAR] It is tempting, of course, to see a plague as the source of the rhyme. The \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdroses\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd could plausibly refer to the rash that always accompanies the disease, the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdposies\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd to herbs and spices used to sweeten the air, while \u00ef\u00bf\u00bda-tishoo\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd would represent the sneezing, and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwe all fall down\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd would imply inevitable death. A related conjecture would have it that the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdring\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd referred to the red spot that marked the onset of the disease. [PAR] No doubt, the belief arose because a handful of nursery rhymes do derive from historical events or personalities, like Little Jack Horner (Thomas Horner of Mells), The Brave Old Duke of York (probably George III\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds son, Frederick), Jack Sprat (Archdeacon Pratt), and Humpty-Dumpty (Richard III \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd maybe). Nevertheless, as a rule, [PAR] [a]lthough many ingenious theories have been advanced attributing hidden significance, especially political allusions, to nursery rhymes, there is no reason to suppose they are any more arcane than the popular songs of the day. (Encyclopaedia Britannica) [PAR] For Ring-a-Ring o\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Roses the case today seems clear. It is no more than a nursery chant, first recorded in print in 1881, one \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwhich instantly rises from the lips of small children whenever they join hands in a circle\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. (Opie) There are several variants of the song, and in none of them do the words imply any reference to the Great Plague. Furthermore, [PAR] . . . the time-lapse between the plague and the appearance of the game, diminishes . . . [the plague] theory. Satires are almost always written about then-current events . . . The [plague] interpretations continue to surface, however, probably because people in some perverse way would like to believe that the innocent rhyme has a grim history. (Delamar) [PAR] (The Black Death, of course was even more remote in time from the first appearance of Ring-a-Ring o\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Roses, and thus even less likely to be the idea behind the verse.) [PAR] In short, the whole far-fetched bubonic edifice can be seen \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd if I may be so bold to put it in this non-Shakespearian way \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd as no more than the speculative jerry-building of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bda house on both your plagues\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] Yet if you thought all that was too much, consider this. There\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds a fellow on the Internet, one Rich Stoney , who believes strongly that \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsome versions of Ring a-round a Rosy are based on the mythology of the Hindu god Shiva\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] In particular, he identifies the rhyme\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds source as Shiva\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Dance of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WWII Outbreak: Britain on the Brink of World War II - BBC BBC - Archive - WWII: Outbreak - Britain on the brink of World War II [PAR] WWII: Outbreak | Britain on the brink of World War II [PAR] About this collection [PAR] On 3 September 1939, Neville Chamberlain broadcast to the nation that Britain was at war with Germany. Only a year before, it seemed a peaceful solution had been achieved with the Munich Agreement. [PAR] Experience British life on the brink of war through original news broadcasts, eyewitness accounts and commentaries on some of the key events, including the evacuation of children and the distribution of gas masks. The beginning of the BBC's wartime role, which involved a massive change to programming, is also explored through documents and photographs dating back to 1935. [PAR] Features[DOC] [TLE] Outbreak of the Second World War: Who were the \u2018guilty men\u2019? Outbreak of the Second World War: Who were the \u2018guilty men\u2019? [PAR] Get in touch [PAR] Outbreak of the Second World War: Who were the \u2018guilty men\u2019? [PAR] On the 70th anniversary of the start of the Second World War, Chris Bambery examines the role of the British establishment in appeasing Hitler [PAR] Published Tue 1 Sep 2009 [PAR] Issue No. 2167 [PAR] Chamberlain (left) attempted to cut a deal with Hitler [PAR] Prime minister Neville Chamberlain broadcast that Britain was in a state of war with Germany at 11.12am on 3 September 1939. The Second World War had begun two days earlier when the German dictator, Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. [PAR] After the invasion, the House of Commons met. Chamberlain failed to say that Britain and its ally France would declare war. MPs rose in rebellion. [PAR] When the Labour deputy leader, Arthur Greenwood, stood to speak an arch-imperialist Tory, Leo Amery, shouted across the chamber \u201cspeak for England Arthur\u201d. [PAR] The government whips advised Chamberlain he could not survive another rebellion. [PAR] The prime minister tried to broker an agreement with Hitler that the \u201cPolish question\u201d be discussed at a summit between the two countries plus Italy and France. When Hitler refused, ministers demanded Chamberlain convene a late night cabinet which set a deadline of 11am the next day. [PAR] The government had championed appeasing Hitler by offering up territory in central and eastern Europe and urging him to attack Russia. Chamberlain was a hardline Tory who hated Labour and the trade unions and believed that the US represented a greater threat to Britain and its empire than Germany. [PAR] Today opponents of the Anglo-American wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are branded \u201cappeasers\u201d by the White House and Downing Street. Yet the appeasers of Hitler belonged firmly to the right and included not just Chamberlain but a firm majority of the Tory Party and the Royal family. [PAR] In November 1937 Chamberlain sent his close cabinet colleague, Lord Halifax, to meet Hitler. Halifax began their discussions by praising Hitler for \u201cperforming great services in Germany,\u201d adding that critics of the Nazis \u201cwere not fully informed about what was taking place in Germany\u201d. [PAR] Opinion [PAR] He continued by saying that public opinion was misinformed about the Nazi dictatorship which was \u201ca bulwark against Bolshevism\u201d. [PAR] Britain and France stood by as Hitler expanded the borders of his Third Reich incorporating the Rhineland and then Austria. [PAR] The next target of Nazi aggression was Czechoslovakia \u2013 a country which both Britain and France had helped create in the wake of First World War and which both Britain and France were treaty-bound to defend. [PAR] The Czech state,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alaska admitted into Union - Jan 03, 1959 - HISTORY.com Alaska admitted into Union - Jan 03, 1959 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Alaska admitted into Union [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On January 3, 1959, President Eisenhower signs a special proclamation admitting the territory of Alaska into the Union as the 49th and largest state. [PAR] The European discovery of Alaska came in 1741, when a Russian expedition led by Danish navigator Vitus Bering sighted the Alaskan mainland. Russian hunters were soon making incursions into Alaska, and the native Aleut population suffered greatly after being exposed to foreign diseases. In 1784, Grigory Shelikhov established the first permanent Russian colony in Alaska on Kodiak Island. In the early 19th century, Russian settlements spread down the west coast of North America, with the southernmost fort located near Bodega Bay in California. [PAR] Russian activity in the New World declined in the 1820s, and the British and Americans were granted trading rights in Alaska after a few minor diplomatic conflicts. In the 1860s, a nearly bankrupt Russia decided to offer Alaska for sale to the United States, which earlier had expressed interest in such a purchase. On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward signed a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million. Despite the bargain price of roughly two cents an acre, the Alaskan purchase was ridiculed in Congress and in the press as \u201cSeward\u2019s folly,\u201d \u201cSeward\u2019s icebox,\u201d and President Andrew Johnson\u2019s \u201cpolar bear garden.\u201d Nevertheless, the Senate ratified purchase of the tremendous landmass, one-fifth the size of the rest of the United States. [PAR] Despite a slow start in settlement by Americans from the continental United States, the discovery of gold in 1898 brought a rapid influx of people to the territory. Alaska, rich in natural resources, has been contributing to American prosperity ever since. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wycliffe Bible | The Wycliffe Bible: John Wycliffe's ... The Wycliffe Bible | The Wycliffe Bible: John Wycliffe's Translation of the Holy Scriptures [PAR] Where to Purchase [PAR] The Wycliffe Bible [PAR] Here is John Wycliffe\u2019s greatest accomplishment: the translation of the Holy Scriptures into English. Producing the first complete English bible, Wycliffe was the first to set aside Latin as the language of the Scriptures and to reach the English people in their own tongue. Working from contemporary manuscripts of the Latin Vulgate, he sought \u201cno strange English\u201d but only the easiest, most common\u2014 albeit the most Latin-like\u2014language possible. (Latin constructions and word order were preserved even where they conflicted with English idiom.) His work was used by the Lollards, a group of itinerant preachers (\u201cpoor priests\u201d) who went about preaching, reading, and teaching from the English Bible. [PAR] Wycliffite translations of the New Testament (1380) and Old Testament (1388), which was actually completed by Nicholas of Hereford, opened a new epoch in the history of the Bible. [PAR] In this new edition, LAMP POST has taken a 600 year-old ancient translation and made a modern, clean, readable version\u2014a simple yet fun dichotomy\u2014creating a project that all book- and bible-lovers are sure to appreciate and enjoy!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Record Breakers - Beautiful Britain Record Breakers [PAR] Record Breakers [PAR] It is with great trepidation that I list these various ' record breakers ' as someone is bound to claim that somewhere in Britain there is something that is smaller, shorter, higher, deeper etc. than my choice of record breakers! My research has been very intensive, and many are listed in the Guinness Book of Records, so ........ here goes! [PAR] All these pictures were taken by the webmaster whilst Out and About [PAR] Click any of the pictures below for an enlarged view [PAR] Britain's smallest house [PAR] Flash claims to be Britain's highest village [PAR] Wanlockhead - Britain's highest village [PAR] Picture 1 - Britain's smallest house is on the quayside at Conwy - North Wales. The house is approximately 6 feet wide and 10 feet high. Picture 2 - The village of Flash in Staffordshire (4 miles from Buxton in Derbyshire) claims to be Britain's highest village, at a height of 1518 feet above sea level. Picture 3 - Thanks to Brian Montgomery from Scotland's Museum of Lead Mining who wrote to say \"I work in a village in Scotland that is registered at 1531 feet above sea level ! The village is called Wanlockhead and is in Dumfries & Galloway.\" Brian's picture above (click it for a better view) shows the road sign exhibiting 1531 feet. So ..... which is higher? The Macclesfield Express, 15th August 2007 , should settle the matter once and for all, but, maybe not! [PAR] The world's narrowest hotel [PAR] freshwater lake [PAR] Britain's smallest city [PAR] Picture 1 - The Star Hotel in Moffat (Dumfries and Galloway) is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's narrowest hotel and is only 20 feet wide. Picture 2 - Britain's largest freshwater lake is Loch Lomond (Argyll and Bute). The loch is 24 miles long and up to 5 miles wide. Picture 3 - Britain's smallest city is St. David's in Pembrokeshire, South Wales. [PAR] Britain's largest group of Grade 1 listed buildings [PAR] Britain's Highest Inn [PAR] Britain's only rack and [PAR] pinion railway [PAR] Picture 1 - The Albert Dock in Liverpool has the largest group of Grade 1 listed buildings in Britain. Picture 2 - Tan Hill Inn is Britain's highest inn at a height of 1732 ft above sea level. It is on the Pennine Way in North Yorkshire Picture 3 - The Snowdon Mountain Railway is Britain\u2019s only rack and pinion railway. The 5 mile journey from Llanberis to the summit of Snowdon (Wales' highest mountain) has gradients of up to 1 in 5. [PAR] Britain's largest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Venice Marco Polo Airport - Europe for Visitors Venice Marco Polo Airport [PAR] Top 11 Free Sights [PAR] Venice Marco Polo Airport (VCE) [PAR] What you need to know before arriving or departing at Venice's international airport, including advice on reaching the city by boat, bus, or taxi. [PAR] By Durant Imboden [PAR] For many foreign visitors, flying to Italy means booking a ticket to Milan or Rome. And that's a shame, because Venice's Marco Polo International Airport is often a more convenient gateway. [PAR] Why? Distance to the city center is one reason. The Piazzale Roma is just 20 minutes away by land taxi or airport bus , and the Lido, the Piazza San Marco, and other locations in the historic center are easy to reach via the Alilaguna airport boat . [PAR] ABOVE: An aerial view of Venice's international airport, which is built on the edge of the Venetian Lagoon. INSET BELOW: An Emirates jet arrives in Venice, and a ticket counter for Venice's public bus and boat services. [PAR] Marco Polo Airport is also more manageable in size than its counterparts in Milan and Rome, although it can feel like a Third-World airport if you're departing on a weekend or on a day when thousands of passengers have been disgorged by cruise ships. [PAR] Consider yourself fortunate if you arrive or depart on a clear day, when views from the air can be breathtaking. You'll see the Dolomites, the Adriatic, and the Venetian Lagoon. You'll see land that's submerged at high tide, suggesting a Northern Italian version of Atlantis. And if you're on the right side of the plane, you'll see the city itself, with instantly recognizable landmarks like the Campanile di San Marco and the Grand Canal. [PAR] Arriving at VCE [PAR] If you're renting a car, you'll find rental counters in the arrivals lounge. Other services include free luggage carts, public telephones, baggage storage, toilets, tourist information, hotel bookings, currency exchange, and tickets for local and regional transportation. (See the links to the Marco Polo airport's Web site on the next page if you have questions about passenger services.) [PAR] For information on ground transportation, use the \"Also see\" navigation links below. You may also find our aerial photo map helpful, although some of Google's satellite details may not be up to date. [PAR] Warning: If you have a luggage problem, filing a claim can be a frustrating experience . Not long ago, one of our suitcases didn't arrive on an Air France from Paris, and we had to stand in line for more than three hours to make a report.[DOC] [TLE] Marco Polo Airport to Venice Transportation Options Marco Polo Airport to Venice Transportation Options [PAR] By James Martin [PAR] Updated January 26, 2016. [PAR] There are many ways to get from Venice's Marco Polo Airport to the city of Venice . [PAR] Public Transortation [PAR] ATVO Fly Bus - The Fly bus will take you to Venice (Piazzale Roma) and other Veneto destinations. A bus is also available to Mestre. Check below for an ACTV Travelcard [PAR] City Bus number 5 takes you to Venice, number 15 to Mestre. An inexpensive option, but you probably don't want to use it when you have a lot of luggage. Like most local buses in Italy, buy a ticket at a tabacchi (tobacco store) or newsstand. There is one at the airport. [PAR] Shared Airport Transfer Services [PAR] Alilaguna offers many connections via boat between Venice and the Airport. ( map of route ). [PAR] Shared transfer on a water taxi for a minimum"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many US States Have One Syllable? - wiseGEEK How Many US States Have One Syllable? [PAR] How Many US States Have One Syllable? [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Only one U.S. state has one syllable \u2014 Maine. It's also the only state to border only one other state \u2014 New Hampshire. No one is really sure where Maine's name came from. Some surmise that it was named after an ancient French province \u2014 the Province of Maine; others believe it was a derivation of the world \"mainland.\" The word \"Maine\" was first officially used in 1665 in a request by the King's Commissioners that \"The Province of Maine\" be used in official documents. [PAR] More Syllabic Facts: [PAR] Only five countries in the world have one syllable: Chad, France, Spain, Greece, Laos, though Wales might make six depending on how you pronounce it (Way-als). [PAR] The most syllables in a state's name is five. Three states share this trait: Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. [PAR] Three states have only four letters in their name: Ohio, Iowa and Utah. [PAR] Screeched and strengths are the longest one-syllable words in the English language. [PAR] Follow wiseGEEK:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] COUNTIES - Pictures of England - Exploring England with ... Counties of England [PAR] Counties in England [PAR] Exploring the counties of England with history and pictures. [PAR] The history of the counties of England dates back to early Anglo-Saxon times when \u00e2\u0080\u0098shires\u00e2\u0080\u0099 were first formed as a way of raising taxes and when the nation of England was first created. These Anglo-Saxon shires usually had a fortified town at the centre, known back then as the \u00e2\u0080\u0098shire town\u00e2\u0080\u0099. The word \u00e2\u0080\u0098County\u00e2\u0080\u0099 came later, being first introduced by the Normans when they conquered England back in 1066 and has its origins in French, simply meaning a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a \u00e2\u0080\u0098Count\u00e2\u0080\u0099. [PAR] The words \u00e2\u0080\u0098county\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and \u00e2\u0080\u0098counties\u00e2\u0080\u0099 therefore are derived from French (from the Normans) but most of the county names themselves still kept (and retain today) their original Anglo-Saxon names, such as \u00e2\u0080\u0098Worcestershire\u00e2\u0080\u0099 or \u00e2\u0080\u0098Bedfordshire\u00e2\u0080\u0099 which is simply the name of the shire or county town, with the suffix of shire. [PAR] There are other counties however that got their name differently, such as Cornwall, and Devon, both of which take their names from the Celtic tribes that inhabited the regions, such as the \u00e2\u0080\u0098Cornovii\u00e2\u0080\u0099 in Cornwall . Other exceptions include todays Kent, which derives from the Kingdom of Kent, and Sussex (both East and West) and Essex. These names derive from the East Saxons (Essex) and the South Saxons (Sussex). The county names of Norfolk and Suffolk, derive from the \u00e2\u0080\u0098North Folk\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and \u00e2\u0080\u0098South Folk\u00e2\u0080\u0099 of the ancient Kingdom of East Anglia. [PAR] Each county link below will take you to the main county page where we list all the wonderful historic towns, villages and attractions that each county has to offer. You will also find a Picture Tour for each county, offering a diverse selection of the wonderful towns, attractions and varying landscapes. We hope you enjoy viewing the beautiful counties of England..[DOC] [TLE] County with the longest coastline - General Discussion ... County with the longest coastline - General Discussion - Digital Spy Forums [PAR] County with the longest coastline [PAR] [PAR] Posts: 624 [PAR] County with the longest coastline [PAR] I had a stinking cold at the weekend and looked at a lot of A Place In The Sun type progs (thats my excuse and I'm sticking to it!). [PAR] One day Essex 'had the most coastline in England' and the next day on another programme it was Kent. Now, looking at a map I would say Cornwall. [PAR] Anyone know? [PAR] Please sign in or register to remove this advertisement. [PAR] 28-02-2011, 14:01 [PAR] Join Date: Jun 2010 [PAR] Posts: 600 [PAR] Kent's coastline is pretty big, but so it Cornwall's. Not sure who'd I put my money on, but it has to be one of them. Sure I've heard somewhere before that it is Kent though. [PAR] [PAR] Location: Cornwall (ex-London) [PAR] Posts: 65,312 [PAR] It says here it depends whether you count the Isles of Scilly and river estuaries or not (seems to be Kent, I'd say, from this): [PAR] http://www.visitcornwall.com/site/ex...st-and-country [PAR] Quote: [PAR] Cornwall is in the privileged position of having two coastlines: the Atlantic coast famous for its surfing beaches and huge expanses of golden sand, and the English Channel coast which is more gentle with hidden coves and tranquil creeks. [PAR] [PAR] Argyll and Bute has a longer coastline than France, apparently. [PAR] [PAR] Devon's are physically separated though, so I'd say that counts as two. Cornwall may have two coasts, but they are connected at the end. [PAR] [PAR] Posts: 38,495 [PAR] Off-hand, I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Largest Countries In Europe | 10 Most Today 10 Largest Countries In Europe - 10 Most Today [PAR] 10 Largest Countries In Europe [PAR] Lists Of Countries [PAR] There are 50 countries in Europe, and with one great exception (Russia \u2013 which resides on both Europe and Asia), Europe\u2019s 10 largest countries are far from the sizes of the world\u2019s largest countries . After listing Europe\u2019s 10 smallest countries , here\u2019s a list of Europe\u2019s largest countries, by area [PAR] 1. Russia \u2013 Russia resides on both Europe and Asia. It\u2019s area in Europe alone is 3,836,652 km\u00b2 (1,481,340 mi\u00b2) which makes it the largest country in Europe. It\u2019s total area including Asia is 17,098,242 km\u00b2 (6,601,668 mi\u00b2), which makes it by far the largest country in the world. Russia is the only European country in the list of the 10 largest countries in the world. Click here for Moscow attractions [PAR] The Moscow Kremlin, in Russia, the largest country in Europe and the world [PAR] [PAR] 2. Ukraine \u2013 The Second largest country in Europe is Ukraine, which has an area of 603,628 km\u00b2 (233,062 mi\u00b2) including Crimea, over which it is currently in dispute with Russia [PAR] The famous Potemkin Stairs in Odessa, Ukraine [PAR] [PAR] 3. France \u2013 The largest country in the European Union and third largest in the entire continent is France, with an area of 551,695 km\u00b2 (213,010 mi\u00b2). Like other Western European countries, France is among the world\u2019s most visited countries , and is often first in the list. Click here for Paris attractions [PAR] Mont Saint Michel in the western coast of France [PAR] 4. Spain \u2013 The largest country in the Iberian Peninsula has an area of 505,992 km\u00b2 (195,364 mi\u00b2) \u2013 about 10% smaller than France. Here are my lists for best attractions in: Barcelona , Madrid and Seville [PAR] The white houses of Granada, seen from the famous Alhambra palace, the most visited site in all of Spain [PAR] [PAR] 5. Sweden \u2013 In the north, Sweden has an area of 449,964 km\u00b2 (173,732 mi\u00b2) \u2013 the largest of the Scandinavian countries [PAR] The Royal palace in Stockholm, Sweden (source: Brorsson ) [PAR] [PAR] 6. Germany \u2013 Located at the heart of the continent, Germany has an area of 357,168 km\u00b2 (137,903 mi\u00b2). Click here for my list of best attractions in Berlin [PAR] The Spree River with the Berlin TV Tower in the background, Berlin, Germany [PAR] 7. Finland \u2013 Finland is Europe\u2019s 7th largest country, and the EU\u2019s 5th largest, with an area of 338,145 km\u00b2 (130,558 mi\u00b2) [PAR] Aleksanterinkatu street in Helsinki, Finland [PAR] 8. Norway \u2013 The second largest of the Scandinavian countries, Norway has an area 323,802 km\u00b2 (125,020 mi\u00b2) [PAR] Oslo, Norway (source: Jean-Pierre Dalb\u00e9ra ) [PAR] [PAR] 9. Poland \u2013 Poland has an area of 312,685 km\u00b2 (125,728 mi\u00b2), not much smaller than Germany, to which it borders to the west [PAR] Market Square in the Warsaw\u2019s old town, Poland (source: Adrian Grycuk ) [PAR] [PAR] 10. Italy \u2013 Closing the list of 10 largest countries in the old continent, the boot shaped country has an area of 301,318 km\u00b2 (116,339 mi\u00b2). Here are my lists for best attractions in: Rome , Florence , Milan and Venice [PAR] Vernazza, one of the villages in Cinque Terre, Italy. Cinque Terre is one of the world\u2019s most colorful places[DOC] [TLE] From cold war to hot war | The Economist From cold war to hot war | The Economist [PAR] What Russia wants [PAR] From cold war to hot war [PAR] Russia\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Balearic Islands Guide | Spain Travel | Rough Guides The Balearic Islands Guide | Spain Travel | Rough Guides [PAR] Europe \u00bb Spain \u00bb The Balearic Islands [PAR] East of the Spanish mainland, the four chief Balearic Islands \u2013 Ibiza, Formentera, Mallorca and Menorca \u2013 maintain a character distinct from the rest of Spain and from each other. Ibiza is wholly unique, its capital Ibiza Town is loaded with historic interest and a draw for thousands of clubbers and gay visitors, while the north of the island has a distinctly bohemian character. Tiny Formentera has even better beaches than its neighbour and makes up in rustic charm what it lacks in cultural interest. Mallorca , the largest and best-known Balearic, battles with its image as an island of little more than sun, booze and high-rise hotels. In reality, you\u2019ll find all the clich\u00e9s, most of them crammed into the mega-resorts of the Bay of Palma and the east coast, but there\u2019s lots more besides: mountains, lovely old towns, some beautiful coves, and the Balearics\u2019 one real city, Palma . Mallorca is, in fact, the one island in the group you might come to other than for beaches and nightlife, with scope for plenty of hiking. And finally, to the east, there\u2019s Menorca \u2013 more subdued in its clientele, and here, at least, the modern resorts are kept at a safe distance from the two main towns, the capital Ma\u00f3 , which boasts the deepest harbour in the Med, and the charming, pocket-sized port of Ciutadella . [PAR] Access to the islands is easy from Britain and mainland Spain, with plenty of bargain-priced flights in summer, though in winter only Mallorca is really well connected. In addition, ferries and catamarans link Barcelona, Valencia and Denia with the islands, and there are plenty of inter-island ferries, too, though these can be pricey and fully booked in summer. [PAR] The main fly in the ointment is cost: as prime \u201choliday islands\u201d, the Balearics charge considerably above mainland prices for rooms and eating out can be expensive. Rental cars can also be hard to come by at this time. Travelling around by bus, moped, scooter and bicycle are all perfectly feasible, but note that car-rental companies do not allow their vehicles to be taken from one island to another. [PAR] Catalan is spoken throughout the Balearics, and each of the three main islands has a different dialect, though locals all speak Castilian (Spanish). For the visitor, confusion arises from the difference between the islands\u2019 road signs and street names \u2013 which are almost exclusively in Catalan \u2013 and many of the maps on sale, which are in Castilian. In particular, note that Menorca now calls its capital Ma\u00f3 rather than Mah\u00f3n, while both the island and town of Ibiza are usually referred to as Eivissa. In this chapter we give the Catalan name for towns, beaches and streets, except for Ibiza and Ibiza Town which are not widely known by their Catalan names outside Spain. [PAR] The Balearic Islands[DOC] [TLE] Balearic Islands Spain - Valencia Tourist Travel Guide Balearic Islands Spain [PAR] Balearic Islands Spain [PAR] Valencia Carole [PAR] Visit the lovely Balearic Islands Spain! [PAR] Balearic Islands Spain ~ Majorca , Menorca and Ibiza \u2026 Just a ferry-ride away from the port of Valencia and easy to reach from the city of Valencia . The islands are also close to the ports of Alicante and Denia in the region of Valencia . [PAR] The beautiful city of Palma , capital of the island and also of the Balearic Islands, is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cape Canaveral Early Space Tour - kennedyspacecenter.com Cape Canaveral Early Space Tour | Kennedy Space Center [PAR] Cape Canaveral Early Space Tour [PAR] Behind the Gates [PAR] Cape Canaveral Early Space Tour [PAR] The Space Race Started Here NASA\u2019s space program was born at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, adjacent to Kennedy Space Center. Cape Canaveral Early Space tour stops include historic launch complexes where the Mercury 7 blasted into orbit, the Air Force Space & Missile Museum, and the Apollo 1 memorial. From the comfort of an air-conditioned motor coach, visitors can view the icons of Florida\u2019s Space Coast where the journey to space began in America. [PAR] This tour is currently unavailable. Future tour dates TBD. [PAR] Due to restricted access at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, each visitor on this tour must register with security officers by 12:00 noon on the day of the tour. Register at the Information center located at the main entrance. For American citizens, a U.S. government-issued driver\u2019s license, passport, military ID or U.S. state ID card is required for tour participants age 18 and over. International adult and child participants must present a valid passport to participate. [PAR] Attraction Details [PAR] Available as an add-on enhancement [PAR] Moon Rock Cafe available at Apollo/Saturn V Center [PAR] Allow 3 Hours [PAR] Shopping available at Apollo/Saturn V Center [PAR] Tour concludes at Apollo/Saturn V Center [PAR] Restrooms available at Apollo/Saturn V Center [PAR] Return buses leave every 15 minutes [PAR] Wheelchair Accessible [PAR] Alternative option to Kennedy Space Center Bus Tour [PAR] Advance reservations are recommended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of Top Ten Largest African Countries by Area Map of Top Ten Largest African Countries by Area [PAR] Largest Countries in the World by Area [PAR] Countries in Africa [PAR] Africa is made up of over fifty sovereign nations, and several more territories and dependencies. Of the countries in Africa, Algeria is the largest country by area, with an area of 2,381,740 square kilometers. [PAR] Algeria is situated in northwestern Africa, and its capital is in Algiers. Algeria has a population of over 33 million. [PAR] The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the second largest country in Africa, falling just behind Algeria, with an area of 2,344,858 square miles. The DRC is located in Central Africa, and its capital is in Kinshasa. The Democratic Republic of the Congo has a population of almost 72 million. [PAR] The Republic of the Sudan is the third largest nation, with 1,861,484 square kilometers in area. Sudan is located in northeastern Africa, and its capital is located in Khartoum. The population of Sudan is about 67 million. [PAR] The fourth largest country in Africa is Libya, with an area of 1,759,540. Libya is situated in the far north of Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, and its capital is Tripoli. The population of Libya is just over 6 million people. [PAR] Chad is in fifth place for largest African countries by area, with a total area of about 1,284,000 square kilometers. Chad is centrally located in Africa, and its capital is N'Djamena. The population of Chad is about 10.1 million. [PAR] Niger has the sixth largest area in Africa, with its area measuring about 1,267,000 square kilometers. Niger is a central African country, with its capital in Niamey. The population of Niger is almost 14 millions. [PAR] Angola has an area of 1,246,700 square kilometers, making it seventh largest in the African continent. Angola is a southwestern nation, with its capital in Lunda, and its population numbers under 16 million. [PAR] Mali takes eighth place in terms of largest countries in Africa, with an area of 1,240,192 square kilometers. Mali is located in West Africa, and its capital is in Bamako. The population of Mali is about 13.5 million. [PAR] South Africa is the ninth largest country in Africa. Located in the far south of the African continent, South Africa has an area of 1,221,037 square kilometers. The capital of South Africa is in three cities: Bloemfontein, Cape Town, and Pretoria, and the population of the country is about 47.5 million. [PAR] The tenth largest country in Africa by area is Ethiopia, which is located in eastern Africa. The area of Ethiopia is 1,104,300 square kilometers, and its population is about 85.2 million. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Adaba. [PAR] Top 10 Largest African Countries by Area [PAR] Country"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Largest States In The United States | 10 Most Today 10 Largest States In The United States - 10 Most Today [PAR] 10 Largest States In The United States [PAR] Lists Of Countries [PAR] The following list contains the 10 largest states in the USA, by area [PAR] 1. Alaska \u2013 1,723,337 km2 (665,384 mi2) \u2013 Alaska is by far the largest state in the USA. It\u2019s also the largest state by land area and by water area [PAR] Alaska \u2013 the largest state in the USA [PAR] 2. Texas \u2013 695,662 km2 (268,596 mi2) \u2013 The Lone Star State is the second largest state, but it\u2019s less than half the size of Alaska [PAR] Texas \u2013 second largest state in the USA [PAR] [PAR] 3. California \u2013 423,967 km2 (163,694 mi2) \u2013 The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States [PAR] The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States [PAR] [PAR] 4. Montana \u2013 380,831 km2 (147,039 mi2) \u2013 Montana, nicknamed The Treasure State, is the fourth largest state [PAR] Largest States In The United States: Montana is fourth largest [PAR] 5. New Mexico \u2013 314,917 km2 (121,590 mi2) [PAR] New Mexico: 5th largest state [PAR] [PAR] 6. Arizona \u2013 295,234 km2 (113,990 mi2) \u2013 The Copper State, home to the Grand Canyon, is the 6th largest state [PAR] Arizona: 6th largest state [PAR] [PAR] 7. Nevada \u2013 286,380 km2 (110,571 mi2) \u2013 The Silver State, home to Las Vegas, is the 7th largest state [PAR] Nevada: 7th largest state in the United States [PAR] [PAR] 8. Colorado \u2013 269,601 km2 (104,093 mi2) [PAR] Largest States In The United States: 8th place: Colorado [PAR] [PAR] 9. Oregon \u2013 254,799 km2 (98,378 mi2) \u2013 The Beaver State is less than 1/6 of Alaska [PAR] Largest States In The United States: 9th place: Oregon [PAR] 10. Wyoming \u2013 253,335 km2 (97,813 mi2) \u2013 The Equality State closes our list with almost the same area as Oregon [PAR] 10th largest state in the United States: Wyoming"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me ... \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] [PAR] Report Copyright Violation [PAR] \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] Well, what am I? Can you answer the riddle? I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. [PAR] I'll give you a hint, I'm not phosophorus or potassium. [PAR] Anonymous Coward [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] silence, duh [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] Silence? [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] silence, duh [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] i give [PAR] A Clear Choice Is Upon US. [PAR] Communists VS. Capitalists [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] air [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] What's your name, OP? [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] silence, duh [PAR] damn beat me to it [PAR] Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1089601 [PAR] Still, you are very fast! [PAR] Anonymous Coward [PAR] Report Copyright Violation [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] Well, what am I? Can you answer the riddle? I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. [PAR] I'll give you a hint, I'm not phosophorus or potassium. [PAR] Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1269080 [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] A FART! [PAR] The youngster said angrily \" If our founding Fathers could see what is going on, they would roll over in their graves!\" [PAR] The Ol'Timer shook his head and smiled. \" No, they would be grabbing their guns\". [PAR] WANT CHANGE???"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lyrics - The Revivalists Lyrics [PAR] LYRICS [PAR] Said, I\u2019m pulling down the shades for the long ride [PAR] I never knew that I could feel so black and blue [PAR] I\u2019ve been holding onto something now for sometime [PAR] All I know is it\u2019s a feeling fit for two [PAR] Cuz when the sunlight laid its head down on this dog night [PAR] And I was talking to myself in the rear view [PAR] Yeah I\u2019ve got questions but I know everything is alright [PAR] All I have to do is just remember you [PAR] Cuz I\u2019m never gonna lose you [PAR] I\u2019ve got you deep inside my chest [PAR] And I can feel you beating like the soul of a drummer boy [PAR] We\u2019ve gotta keep going [PAR] Keep going [PAR] Don\u2019t care what anybody say [PAR] Let the law take us away [PAR] We\u2019ve gotta keep going [PAR] Keep going [PAR] Don\u2019t care what anybody say [PAR] Nah nah nah nah [PAR] I\u2019ve been fake and I\u2019ve been free [PAR] I\u2019ve been you and I\u2019ve been me [PAR] But now I stand up tall for what I believe [PAR] Against all odds I walked that trail of fear [PAR] And tread on desperate leaves [PAR] But no one\u2019s leaving just yet [PAR] We all want that make believe [PAR] Tried and true tribulations [PAR] Of who I\u2019ve come to be [PAR] The less I know the more I learn [PAR] How much love means to me [PAR] Every day I\u2019m walking out the front door [PAR] Leaning on your ghost [PAR] The best feeling of the day is one that I lean toward most [PAR] We\u2019ve gotta keep going [PAR] Keep going [PAR] Don\u2019t care what anybody say [PAR] Let the law take us away [PAR] We\u2019ve gotta keep going [PAR] Keep going [PAR] Don\u2019t care what anybody say [PAR] Nah nah nah nah [PAR] I\u2019ve been fake and I\u2019ve been free [PAR] I\u2019ve been you and I\u2019ve been me [PAR] But now I stand up tall for what I believe [PAR] Against all odds I walked that trail of fear [PAR] And tread on desperate leaves [PAR] But no one\u2019s leaving just yet [PAR] We all want that make believe [PAR] Tried and true tribulations [PAR] Of who I\u2019ve come to be [PAR] The less I know the more I learn [PAR] How much love means to me [PAR] Every day I\u2019m walking out the front door [PAR] Leaning on your ghost [PAR] The best feeling of the day is one that I lean toward most [PAR] We\u2019ve gotta keep going [PAR] Keep going [PAR] Don\u2019t care what anybody say [PAR] Let the law take us away [PAR] We\u2019ve gotta keep going [PAR] Keep going [PAR] Don\u2019t care what anybody say [PAR] Nah nah nah nah [PAR] 2. Wish I Knew You [PAR] (Shaw/Gekas) [PAR] You shine like a star [PAR] You know who you are [PAR] You\u2019re everything beautiful [PAR] She\u2019s hot, hot like the sun [PAR] The loneliest one [PAR] Well I\u2019ll be god damned [PAR] You\u2019re standing at my door [PAR] We stayed up in the city [PAR] Until the stars lost the war [PAR] So Friday night, holy ghost [PAR] Take me to your level [PAR] Show me the one I need the most [PAR] I need the most [PAR] I wish I knew you when I was young [PAR] We could\u2019ve got so high [PAR] Now we\u2019re here it\u2019s been so long [PAR] Two strangers in the bright lights [PAR] Oh I hope you don\u2019t mind [PAR] We can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genealogy and History of the Carty Family - Bella Vista Ranch Genealogy and History of the Carty Family [PAR] Genealogy of the Carty Family [PAR] (version November 29, 2016) [PAR] Please email corrections to Mike Clark [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] James Carty (McCarty) , whose ancestors may have come from Cork County, Ireland, was born about 1782 somewhere in Ireland. His father's name is given in at least one vital record as John Carty. James married Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" Neal (b. c.1780), the daughter of Tudy (Thomas?) Neal, in Ireland and immigrated with her, and three sons, to North America. Other friends and family may have made the voyage with them, but if they did, we know nothing of them. [PAR] They arrived in the United States sometime in the 1820s, as they first appear in the 1830 U.S. Census, which shows James Carty as the head of a household in the town of Essex in Chittenden County, Vermont, which sits just east of the Great Lakes port of Burlington. James, an older woman, and three younger men are listed as members of his household. Most likely, the family immigrated first to Canada, as the Irish in those days were still subjects of the British Crown, and Canada was an easier point of entry for them than coming direct to the States. They then probably sailed down the Great Lakes to Lake Champlin, and thence to Burlington, which in the 1820s supported one of the largest Irish populations in the United States. [PAR] Many immigrants changed their surnames when they entered the United States, and there is some evidence that James' last name in Ireland was McCarty, which indicates that the family americanized their last name to Carty (Cartey, Carthy) when they arrived here. The fact that the name McCarty, as well as McCarthy, crops up more than once in official records of James and Lizzie's children and grandchildren supports this possibility. Likewise, Lizzie Neal Carty's maiden name in Ireland may have been O'Neil. [PAR] James Carty in 1836 became a U.S. Citizen, and his original naturalization papers from the Chittenden County courthouse are still in possession of the family. An 1857 map of Chittenden County shows his younger son Patrick owning a farm in Essex on the other side of the road from James. The oldest son Thomas is shown on an adjacent farm a few hundred feet to the west. The 1840 and 1850 census returns also show the Carty families on adjacent farms. Lizzie died in Essex on Oct. 30, 1857, probably on one of the Carty farms, and James died on Feb. 9, 1859 in Essex. Both are buried in Saint Joseph Cemetery , which in those days was the cemetery associated with the old St. Marys Catholic Church in Burlington. [PAR] The connection of the Cartys to St. Marys of Burlington is interesting. The church was founded by Father Jeremiah O'Callaghan (1780-1861) of Cork County, Ireland, who came to the United States in 1823 and was assigned in 1830 by the Bishop of Boston to Burlington. This made O'Callaghan the first resident Catholic priest in Vermont, and its first Catholic missionary. It also made St. Marys the first Catholic church in the state, and St. Marys ultimately became the cathedral for the new diocese of Burlington. O'Callaghans's congregation was overwhelimingly Irish, and his flock came from all corners of the state. Thus, even though Burlington was a long wagon ride of several miles, and on the other side of the Winooski River, from the Carty farms in Essex, James Carty's sons were married at St."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Worth a try, I s'pose - Page 2 - Princess of the WTA Worth a try, I s'pose - Page 2 - Jokes and Good Mood Forum - Princess of the WTA [PAR] Princess of the WTA [PAR] We've noticed that you've been inactive for over 10 minute(s). [PAR] We've stopped running the Shoutbox due to your inactivity. [PAR] If you are back again, please click the I'm Back button below. [PAR] @ bobo [PAR] Hey Piero. Better mobility and arm strength than Rogers? John Elway!! [PAR] @ Collective [PAR] Mike, c'mon, Matt Ryan is decent but no way he is the best [PAR] @ Collective [PAR] : [PAR] (16 January 2017 - 20:50) [PAR] What an absolute beast this Rodgers... no other QB has the mobility + strength to pull out that last play, maybe Luck, on his best day ever. [PAR] @ mik2713 [PAR] apparently emojis from my iphone dont translate. Lesson learned. [PAR] @ mik2713 [PAR] : [PAR] (16 January 2017 - 04:20) [PAR] Hope all is well in Hingis Land. Congrats to Jonny and the Cubbies. God help the USA beginning Friday\u00f0\u009f\u0098\u0089 [PAR] @ mik2713 [PAR] : [PAR] (16 January 2017 - 04:18) [PAR] R: the best QB in the league had already moved on to the next round the day previous.\u00f0\u009f\u0098\u0087 [PAR] @ Rutherford [PAR] : [PAR] (16 January 2017 - 03:10) [PAR] Piero: Congrats. GB 34-31 over DAL. Best QB in the League moves onto the next round. [PAR] @ Rutherford [PAR] : [PAR] (14 January 2017 - 16:20) [PAR] President has awarded Biden Presidential Medal of Freedom, think it's called. A high honor, well deserved. [PAR] @ bobo [PAR] : [PAR] (14 January 2017 - 01:27) [PAR] Serena usually starts tournaments slow and plays her way into form. So Belinda or anyone is fortunate to draw Serena in the first round. And Serena is old for a player and is a little bit past her peak. [PAR] @ John Straiton [PAR] GO BELINDA!! Can miracles still happen?? [PAR] @ bruce [PAR] : [PAR] (13 January 2017 - 16:24) [PAR] Seems like a tough opener for Belinda to me. Depends on how Williams health is on any given day. [PAR] @ Collective [PAR] First round AO: Belinda Bencis vs Serena Williams!!!! [PAR] @ John Straiton [PAR] Sydney doubles final. [PAR] [PAR] Well waddia know, Mirza and partner get sent to the diaper room 6/4,6/4. Looks like Martina may have to look a little farther for a really good partner replacement! [PAR] If it'll do any good! [PAR] @ tennispanther [PAR] : [PAR] (12 January 2017 - 22:22) [PAR] The hingis.org tennis fanatasy prediction game (HOFWPG for WTA and HOFMPG for ATP) is the best! Running since over 10 years! [PAR] @ vilandra [PAR] but booo and nobody doing the Fantasy Game [PAR] @ vilandra [PAR] i still lurk around here from time to time. Thanks for remembering me! [PAR] @ bruce [PAR] No, I don't either Vilandra. Nice to hear from you again on here. [PAR] Worth a try, I s'pose [PAR] Started By Pheasant Plucker , Aug 19 2007 13:33 [PAR] Please log in to reply [PAR] 33 replies to this topic [PAR] Firstname:Crystal [PAR] Posted 31 August 2007 - 03:33 [PAR] A joke for you: My wonderful girlfriend and I had been dating for over a year, and so we decided to get married. There was only one little thing bothering me. It was her beautiful younger sister.My prospective sister-in-law was twenty-two, wore very tight miniskirts, and generally was bra less. One day \"little\" sister called and asked me to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You ... I have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter but can\u2019t go outside. What am I? [PAR] You have new items in your feed. Click to view. [PAR] Question and answer [PAR] I have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter but can\u2019t go outside. What am I? [PAR] The answer is KEYBOARD. KEYBOARD have keys but no locks. It has space but no room. You can enter but can\u2019t go outside."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Club Together - May June 2008 by ClubTogether - issuu Club Together - May June 2008 by ClubTogether - issuu [PAR] members [PAR] MAY/JUNE 2008 [PAR] Latest Benefits Fantastic Prizes! Win a fabulous day at the races for your group! Also, Pontins Gold breaks, mug sets, holiday cottage vouchers, an HP laptop computer + a new Senses Kit-Kat for each of your members! [PAR] Great Offers! Exclusive crafts show ticket offer, 15% off at Richardson's Holiday See inside Villages, \u00a380 discount at Allen Carr's Stop Smoking Clinics + a half price Hudson's Historic Houses book for every reader! [PAR] Cheaper Insurance! Great savings on House & Car insurance + a free Parker pen with every new quote and a \u00a310 M&S voucher for each new customer. [PAR] See inside for details [PAR] Fun Quizzes! WI N! [PAR] \u00a325 [PAR] Take some time out with your group and enjoy our quiz section where you can test your general knowledge, solve some tricky brainteasters and win \u00a325 by completing our crosswords. [PAR] Welcome to Club Together, a brilliant collection of benefits created especially for members of the UK's clubs, societies, institutes and associations. The combined membership of your groups is huge and that's why we can offer you the best offers, discounts, prizes and quizzes all completely free of charge! It's really easy to make the most of all the good things that Club Together has to offer and any of your members - or even family and friends - can take advantage of the benefits we've got featured\u2026 1 complete the postage-paid reader reply card, ticking the competitions you'd like to enter and the advertisers you'd like more info from. 2 share around the Member Offers pages in the centre of this magazine, pin them up where you meet, or even make photocopies, so as many people can benefit as possible. This issue includes fantastic competitions to win a holiday or a day at the races for your entire group, exclusive member offers on car and home insurance, plus prize-crosswords and brainteasers to get your group really thinking! For a free subscription to Club Together just tick the box on the reader reply card at the back of this magazine and send it back to us. Alternatively, register free at www.clubtogether.org where you\u2019ll find even more offers, plus a digital version of the magazine and the chance to win \u00a3100 in our prize draw! Our next issue will be out in July - so see you then! [PAR] Stacey Wright Editor [PAR] House Insurance Hotline: 0800 519 2008 Quote CTGH0508 Car Insurance Hotline: 0800 519 2009 Quote CTGM0508 [PAR] 02_ClubTog_Apr08_ [PAR] Page 1 [PAR] 2 [PAR] Get a free meal for two at Kempton Park Racecourse! All you need to do is bring a group of 20 or more people to the races at Kempton Park and you\u2019ll get a free meal* to for two in the superb Panoramic Bar & Restaurant overlooking the racing. [PAR] FREE PARKING [PAR] 20% GROUP DISCOUNT [PAR] more info numbers [PAR] Kempton Park in Sunbury on Thames, just outside London stages flat racing all year round and jump racing from October to March. Highlights of the year include: June 11th \u2013 Camel Racing Come and watch floodlit horse racing followed by racing camels \u2013 a hit in 2007, returning in 2008 by popular demand. July 9th \u2013 Best of British Floodlit racing followed by classical singers Blake accompanied by the Band of the Irish Guards rounded off with a fabulous firework finale. [PAR] September 6th \u2013 Totesport September & Sirenia Stakes Day The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the fastest animal on two legs? | Reference.com What is the fastest animal on two legs? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the fastest animal on two legs? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The ostrich runs faster than any other two-legged animal. Its has a top speed of 40 mph, and it can run at 30 mph for up to 30 minutes. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Ostriches are able to achieve high speeds and levels of endurance due to their massive thigh muscles, long legs, stable joints and unique toe structure. The thigh muscles and long legs allow ostriches to take up to 16-foot strides when running. Their joints prevent sideways movement, freeing up muscle energy that could otherwise be wasted maintaining stability. The ostrich's soft, taloned, two-toed feet aid in balance, shock absorption and traction, while its tip-toe running posture gives the ostrich a spring-like launch with every step."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Italian Name for Mickey Mouse? | eHow What Is the Italian Name for Mickey Mouse? | eHow [PAR] What Is the Italian Name for Mickey Mouse? [PAR] http://i22.ebayimg.com/06/i/000/e1/29/cbf8_1.JPG [PAR] In the United States and other countries, the trademark Disney mouse is simply referred to as Mickey Mouse, but through translation, this name is very different in other countries, especially Italy. The Italian name for Mickey Mouse is actually Topolino, and this is very different than the actual name. [PAR] Identification [PAR] Topolino translates to English as \"Little Mouse\" and not directly as Mickey Mouse. To actually translate each word in Mickey Mouse to Italian would come out as the same thing because Mickey and Mouse both translate to the same word in the Italian language. [PAR] Features [PAR] Topolino is the commonly used term for all things related to Mickey Mouse in Italy. On the official Disney.it website, Italians can sign up for the \"Topolino Club,\" which is the Italian version of the Mickey Mouse club. In the club, you can read Italian Mickey Mouse comics, play games, and even purchase official \"Topolino\" merchandise from the store. [PAR] Considerations [PAR] Instead of traveling to Italy to use the Italian name of Mickey Mouse, you can visit Walt Disney World's Epcot instead. At Epcot's Italy Pavilion, you will feel like you have been pulled right into the heart of Italy and you can showoff by using the name Topolino at one of their many restaurants or shops. [PAR] Significance [PAR] Signature names and trademarks are usually kept the same after translation, so for Italy to use Topolino instead of Mickey Mouse is significant. Normally Mickey Mouse would remain and become a part of the language like companies such as Nike and eBay, and with characters like Hulk Hogan. [PAR] Size [PAR] The \"Little Mouse\" translation was also adapted to a popular car. Officially known as the Fiat Topolino, this car was created in 1937 and at the time it was the world's smallest car, deserving of the name and dedication to the famous mouse."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to the real Royston Vasey - You'll never leave ... Welcome to the real Royston Vasey - You'll never leave | The Independent [PAR] Media [PAR] Welcome to the real Royston Vasey - You'll never leave [PAR] Home of simpletons, sadists, fetishists, xenophobes, thugs, psychopaths, nudists, nosebleeders, kidnappers, toad worshippers, mass-murderers (and other well-adjusted residents of a typical small town in the north of England) by Brian Viner [PAR] Thursday 17 February 2000 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] The number 397 bus - destination Hyde - rattles along Station Road, Hadfield, followed, from a ramshackle Manchester Evening News hoarding, by the eyes of Harold Shipman. Here, it seems, is conclusive proof that fact is far grislier and more macabre than fiction. But in Hadfield, a north Derbyshire village sprawled across a Pennine valley, fact and fiction have collided with a terrible crash. For Hadfield doubles as Royston Vasey, put firmly on the map by BBC2's The League of Gentlemen, and populated by an extraordinary assortment of weirdos. The fictional locals are so weird that when a freak show came to town, it quickly scarpered, out-freaked by such characters as Hilary Briss, the apparently cannibalistic butcher. Yet according to some, Royston Vasey is but a pale shadow of Hadfield. [PAR] The number 397 bus - destination Hyde - rattles along Station Road, Hadfield, followed, from a ramshackle Manchester Evening News hoarding, by the eyes of Harold Shipman. Here, it seems, is conclusive proof that fact is far grislier and more macabre than fiction. But in Hadfield, a north Derbyshire village sprawled across a Pennine valley, fact and fiction have collided with a terrible crash. For Hadfield doubles as Royston Vasey, put firmly on the map by BBC2's The League of Gentlemen, and populated by an extraordinary assortment of weirdos. The fictional locals are so weird that when a freak show came to town, it quickly scarpered, out-freaked by such characters as Hilary Briss, the apparently cannibalistic butcher. Yet according to some, Royston Vasey is but a pale shadow of Hadfield. [PAR] \"If you put the cast in the street next to the locals, and I'm not ruling myself out, you wouldn't be able to tell them apart,\" says Barbara Hollingworth, plain-speaking, chain-smoking, twinkle-eyed owner of the village haberdashery. \"There was a man outside the post office the other day and his nose turned up all on its own. He didn't need Sellotape. And on the day the TV crew changed the sign above Mettrick the butcher's to H Briss, a woman popped her head round my door and said, 'Barbara, has Mettrick sold 'is shop?' I said, 'No, it's for the filming', and she said, 'Oh.' The next day they'd moved the sign, and the same woman came in and said, 'I see Mettrick's bought 'is shop back.' So, you see, they don't need to write scripts. They just need to sit in the back of my shop for a morning.\" [PAR] William Hall, a clothing salesman visiting Hadfield on business, overhears this, and recalls with a chuckle that he once stopped to ask directions to Hadfield and was advised to continue on the same road for a mile \"then 'turn right by the black and white cow', as if the cow was a permanent flipping fixture\". Mr Hall lives near Holmfirth, the location, 15 miles away, for the venerable BBC comedy Last of the Summer Wine, and now home to the likes of Summer Wine Taxis, Summer Wine Car Hire, Compo's Cafe, even the Wrinkled Stocking Cafe. The association has been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DIE HARD Sequels Are A Hard Nut To Crack | Birth.Movies.Death. DIE HARD Sequels Are A Hard Nut To Crack | Birth.Movies.Death. [PAR] DIE HARD Sequels Are A Hard Nut To Crack [PAR] The closest we ever came to a satisfying DIE HARD sequel. [PAR] By Brian Collins Apr. 30, 2015 [PAR] Apparently, the trick to coming up with a good Die Hard sequel is to grab something unrelated and refashion it to include John McClane. And if you think I'm exaggerating, consider the fact that only one of the sequels began life as one: the abysmal, universally loathed A Good Day To Die Hard. The three superior sequels were all originally written as non-McClane stories: Die Harder was based on a novel called 58 Minutes (a novel unrelated to the one that inspired the first film, and by a different author to boot), and both DH3 and 4 were based on existing spec scripts that were refashioned to fit into the series. But A Good Day? As awful as it is, and as completely out of character as John McClane may appear - somehow that was always meant to be a Die Hard. Go figure. [PAR] The best proof of this theory comes from Die Hard With A Vengeance, many fans' favorite sequel (it battles with Die Harder; I prefer 3 but I can't argue much with Harlin fans). First, a bit of fun history: Die Hard 3 was originally going to be set on a cruise ship, but Under Siege stole its thunder and the script was canned. LA based stories (one involving the subway system) were commissioned, but those were rejected by Bruce Willis. Finally, Fox/Willis found a solution: Jonathan Hensleigh's spec script that was titled Simon Says, which was also considered to be reworked into the next installment of the Lethal Weapon series, and even at one point Rapid Fire 2 (!), a film that never existed at all due to the death of Brandon Lee. Apparently the idea of just making his original script into an original movie was too insane for anyone to consider, and once the script was reworked, Willis approved, and the rest is history. [PAR] But here's the funny thing: many would agree that the first half of the film is superior to the 2nd, when exciting but not particularly inventive action scenes and a truly weak finale replace the first half's emphasis on suspense and tension, with McClane never even drawing his weapon until past the hour mark. That's not to say it lacked action - the frantic drive through Central Park and the terrific subway scene, where McClane boards the moving train by jumping onto it from the street above, are fine sequences. But in between them are the things people really remember about the film: McClane and Zeus (Sam Jackson) running around New York, solving Simon's riddles and bickering as the other cops got to do the more fun stuff like find a bomb that Simon has placed somewhere in one of the city's schools. There's also the matter of why McClane is involved, revealed about 15 minutes before the movie starts to falter: Simon is none other than Simon Gruber, older brother to Hans Gruber, last seen racing a Rolex watch to the asphalt around the Nakatomi building. Of course, it's not JUST a revenge movie, as Simon has bigger plans, but the connection makes up for the fact that the movie lacks other ingredients from the first two films - namely Holly, Christmas, Al Powell (and Twinkies), and a more contained environment. [PAR] What's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does the Bible say about Creation of the World? What does the Bible say about Creation of the World? [PAR] The biblical creation account [PAR] Gen. 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. [PAR] 2Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. [PAR] Day 1, Light [PAR] 3 [PAR] And God said, \"Let there be light,\" and there was light. 4God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5God called the light \"day,\" and the darkness he called \"night.\" And there was evening, and there was morning --the first day. [PAR] Commentary: [PAR] Since the beginning of time, a day was defined, considered or \"reckoned\" as extending from evening to evening. Only since the Gregorian calendar was instituted in 1582 and later adopted by the American Colonies in 1752 was the reckoning of a day changed. The day was then reckoned as extending from midnight to midnight. [PAR] Day 2, Separation of sky from sea [PAR] 6 [PAR] And God said, \"Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water.\" 7So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so. 8God called the expanse \"sky.\" And there was evening, and there was morning --the second day. [PAR] Day 3, Dry land & vegetation [PAR] 9 [PAR] And God said, \"Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.\" And it was so. 10God called the dry ground \"land,\" and the gathered waters he called \"seas.\" And God saw that it was good. 11Then God said, \"Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.\" And it was so. 12The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13And there was evening, and there was morning --the third day. [PAR] Day 4, Sun, moon & stars [PAR] 14 [PAR] And God said, \"Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, 15and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth.\" And it was so. 16God made two great lights --the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, 18to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19And there was evening, and there was morning --the fourth day. [PAR] Day 5, Birds & sea creatures [PAR] 20 [PAR] And God said, \"Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky.\" 21So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22God blessed them and said, \"Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The List (if it's an 80's cartoon, its listed here ... The List (if it's an 80's cartoon, its listed here!) | Retro Junk [PAR] The List (if it's an 80's cartoon, its listed here!) [PAR] Thread: The List (if it's an 80's cartoon, its listed here!) [PAR] Prev [PAR] 11 years 7 months ago [PAR] Posts: 2523 [PAR] Thought we needed this. A thread that has a master list of the cartoons many of us are here to remember. So, I'm making one. Names, and a brief description for them. I'll probably miss things, as I'm going based off of my intro collection, and the ones I'm looking for. If its not on that list, it probably won't be here, so feel free to add your own! [PAR] (and I'll say now that I'll try to keep my own opinions of the shows more or less to myself, so if I don't give your favorite show the workup you think it deserves, forgive me, but I'm trying to be brief and to the point) [PAR] ALF: The Animated Tales [PAR] Cashing in on the popularity of the live action sitcom, the ALF cartoon was all about his life on planet Melmac before he came to Earth. [PAR] Alvin and the Chipmunks [PAR] Three young boys, who happen to be anthro chipmunks, who also happen to be famous singers. [PAR] Attack of the Killer Tomatoes [PAR] Based on the movie of the same name, a teenage boy had to protect his town from the evil mutant tomatoes the evil scientist was always turning loose on it. Accompanied, of course, by the screw up experimental tomoato that turned into a pretty girl in skimpy clothes. Just like the movie! [PAR] Bananaman [PAR] The british boy who gains super powers whenever he eats a banana. [PAR] Battle of the Planets/G-Force [PAR] Group of 5 teenagers that put on bird-like costumes and fight space invaders in their vehicles that merge together to form a fighter ship that turns into a phoenix. [PAR] Bionic Six [PAR] A multi-racial family enhanced with cybornetic super powers who fight an evil genius named Scarab. [PAR] Bravestarr [PAR] A native american marshal in an outter space wild west setting, and his trusty robot horse/partner named 30-30. [PAR] Bucky O'Hare [PAR] A green anthro rabbit spaceship captain and his crew of furries that fight against toads, along with their human boy that keeps the ship running. [PAR] Camp Candy [PAR] A summer camp run by John Candy, and the normal missadventures one would expect from kids at camp. [PAR] Captain N: The Game Master [PAR] Made by Nintendo, featured a teenage boy that gets sucked into his video game and meets all the classic Nintendo characters like Megaman and Kid Icarus. [PAR] Captain Planet [PAR] 5 teenagers from around the globe are given magic rings and fight to stop pollution with the help of Captain Planet, who is summoned \"when their powers combine\" by holding up their rings and calling out the names of their elements. [PAR] Care Bears [PAR] Lovey little magic teddy bear people that lived in the sky and wanted nothing more than to bring good dreams to all the world's little boys and girls. Based on the toys of the same name. [PAR] Centurians [PAR] A group of specialists wearing mechanical body suits that get beamed to differant locations and \"fuse\" with elite weapon systems to fight Doc Terror, and his cyborg assistant Hacker. [PAR] COPS [PAR] A group of Chicago police, all of whom were built like quarterbacks, who did all of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SLADE - 1973 - \"Cum On Feel The Noize\" - YouTube SLADE - 1973 - \"Cum On Feel The Noize\" - YouTube [PAR] SLADE - 1973 - \"Cum On Feel The Noize\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Sep 29, 2013 [PAR] CHECK OUT THESE OTHER CHANNELS: [PAR] FunnyFilms: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8Jec... [PAR] Slade are a British rock band from Wolverhampton/Walsall. They rose to prominence during the glam rock era of the early 1970s with 17 consecutive top 20 hits and six number ones. The British Hit Singles & Albums names them as the most successful British group of the 1970s based on sales of singles. They were the first act to achieve three singles enter at number one; all six of the band's chart-toppers were penned by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea. Total UK sales stand at 6,520,171, and their best selling single, \"Merry Xmas Everybody\", has sold in excess of one million copies. [PAR] Following an unsuccessful move to the United States in 1975, Slade's popularity waned but was unexpectedly revived in 1980 when they were last minute replacements for Ozzy Osbourne at the Reading Rock Festival. The band later acknowledged this to have been one of the highlights of their career. The original line up split in 1992 but the band reformed the following year as Slade II. The band has continued, with a number of line-up changes, to the present day. They have now shortened the group name back to Slade. [PAR] A number of diverse artists have cited Slade as an influence, including grunge icons Nirvana and the Smashing Pumpkins, punk pioneers the Ramones, Sex Pistols, the Undertones, the Runaways and the Clash, glam metal bands Kiss, M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Twisted Sister, Quiet Riot, Poison and Def Leppard and pop-rock stalwarts the Replacements, Cheap Trick and Oasis. [PAR] The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Music tells of Holder's powerful vocals, guitarist Dave Hill's equally arresting dress sense and the deliberate misspelling of their song titles for which they became well known. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blondie - Maria (music video) - [259c66661] - The Fuzzy Tube Blondie - Maria (music video) - [259c66661] [PAR] Blondie - Maria [PAR] buy [PAR] \"Maria\" is a song by the American band Blondie, taken from their 1999 album No Exit. This song was Blondie's comeback single, their first since \"War Child\" in July 1982. In the UK, it was the band's sixth no.1 single, topping the charts exactly 20 years after their first UK no.1 \"Heart of Glass\" in 1979. The song was written by the band's keyboardist Jimmy Destri, who had also penned some of their earlier hits such as \"Atomic\". In the US, the single peaked at #82 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. [PAR] In the UK the single was released as a 2 CD set, the first containing remixes of \"Maria\", and the second containing live versions of \"Screaming Skin\" (a track from their \"No Exit\" album) and their very first hit single \"In the Flesh\". [PAR] The song's lyrics speak of a beautiful but stubborn Hispanic girl named Maria who is desired by many people who can't win her affection because of her self-guarded nature. [PAR] The line \"...like a millionaire/walking on imported air\" was used in a previous Blondie song, \"Walk Like Me\" (also written by Destri), from the album Autoamerican (1980). [PAR] Tags:[DOC] [TLE] Best and Worst Comeback Albums - Metacritic Best and Worst Comeback Albums - Metacritic [PAR] 35 [PAR] Just Another Diamond Day (1970) [PAR] It took nearly three decades for the English folk singer's debut Just Another Diamond Day to find an audience; it took even longer than that for her to record a follow-up. But record it she did, joined in the studio by many of the artists she influenced (including Devendra Banhart and Joanna Newsom). [PAR] Kate Bush [PAR] 12 [PAR] The Red Shoes (1993) [PAR] Bush's long-gestating double-album Aerial managed to live up to the heightened anticipation it generated, appearing on several publications' year-end top ten lists and earning two Brit Award nominations. The singer-songwriter has been back on hiatus since, though an album of reworked older tracks (Director's Cut) is due in May. [PAR] Dinosaur Jr. [PAR] 10 [PAR] Hand It Over (1997) [PAR] Not only was Beyond the alt-rock band's first album in a decade, it was also the first to feature Dinosaur Jr.'s original lineup -- J Mascis, Lou Barlow, and Murph -- since 1988's Bug, though it sounded closer to the group's more polished later work. Another album followed in 2009. [PAR] Roky Erickson [PAR] 15 [PAR] All That May Do My Rhyme (1995) [PAR] The troubled former leader of psych-rock legends 13th Floor Elevators made a return to performing in 2005 a decade after his last comeback ended. Last year, backed by Okkervil River, Erickson released an LP of new songs to some of the best reviews of his solo career. [PAR] Mission of Burma [PAR] 22 [PAR] Vs. (1982) [PAR] If the Boston post-punk band had never added to their brief resume of one EP and one LP, they would always have been remembered fondly for tracks like \"That's When I Reach for My Revolver.\" Fortunately, their unlikely 2004 comeback album did nothing to alter their legendary status. [PAR] Portishead [PAR] 11 [PAR] Portishead (1997) [PAR] The trip-hop scene was well past its peak by the time genre torchbearers Portishead got around to recording a third album; wisely, Third found them moving forward rather than rehashing old ground, and the result might be their best album yet. [PAR] Steely Dan [PAR] 20 [PAR] Gaucho (1980) [PAR] The Rock"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cher News: Cher's Best-Selling Solo Singles of All-Time! Cher News: Cher's Best-Selling Solo Singles of All-Time! [PAR] Saturday, July 28, 2012 [PAR] Cher's Best-Selling Solo Singles of All-Time! [PAR] Superstar Cher has sold tens of millions of singles during the last half-a-dozen decades. We take a look at the ten singles of Cher's back-catalogue that sold the most numbers. [PAR] 1. 'Believe' [PAR] Released in 1998, sold 7,886,272 copies [PAR] Clearly, Cher's number one selling single of all-time is this 1998 dance hit. It topped the charts in most of the the world's top music markets \u2013 US, UK, Germany, France \u2013 paving the way for its identically-titled parent album to become a huge-seller. Of course, the song with its famous electronically-enhanced vocals has became a staple part of Cher's live shows, being the encore to each concert she has performed since the song's worldwide success. [PAR] 2. 'Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves' [PAR] Released in 1971, sold 2,961,078 copies [PAR] The second of Cher's best-selling hits of all-time is this 1971 classic - which was her first solo number one hit in America. Lifted as the first single from Cher's self-titled album from that year, the song spent two weeks atop the American singles chart, a total of nine weeks in the top ten and went top five in at least half-a-dozen other countries, including the UK. [PAR] 3. 'Half Breed' [PAR] Released in 1973, sold 2,132,501 copies [PAR] Cher's second American chart-topper, which also spent two weeks at number 1, spent a total of twenty weeks on the charts, beating her first. The song was the first - and only - US single released from her 1973 hit album \"Half-Breed\". [PAR] 4. 'If I Could Turn Back Time' [PAR] Released in 1989, sold 1,988,655 copies [PAR] This sing-along rock anthem is one of Cher's signature tunes. Taken from her massive-selling 'Heart of Stone' album, this song has for it perhaps Cher's most famous music video ever. Looking a million dollars, the then-43-year-old Cher parades in front of a large group of sailors on a battleship - yes, a battleship! The much-applauded video, which almost-always lands a place on sexiest music video lists, was partially banned by MTV due to her skimpy outfit in it! [PAR] 5. 'The Shoop Shoop Song (It's In His Kiss)' [PAR] Released in 1990, sold 1,698,991 copies [PAR] Whilst this song is celebrated as a classic movie track in territories such as the UK \u2013 where it spent five weeks atop the singles chart \u2013 for its inclusion on the soundtrack of the film 'Mermaids', the single failed to climb any higher than a moderate number 33 in America, matching the film's moderate success there. Thankfully, other countries in Europe and Australia joined the UK public in making this song a big hit. [PAR] 6. 'Dark Lady' [PAR] Released in 1974, sold 1,674,394 copies [PAR] Recorded whilst \"Half Breed\" was climbing up the Billboard Hot 100 Chart, Cher hit the number 1 spot on that very chart for the third time in less than two-and-a-half years with this single, which was the title track to her 1974 album. [PAR] 7. 'Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)' [PAR] Released in 1966, sold 1,474,030 copies [PAR] Although Cher had a recording career on her own alongside her work as part of Sonny & Cher, it's common knowledge that Sonny still called most of the shots for her solo efforts. Of course, he wrote this number for it to be featured on her second solo hit album \"The Sonny Side of Ch\u00e9r\". The track climbed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 50 Greatest British Bands of All-Time \u2013 jimcofer.com The 50 Greatest British Bands of All-Time \u2013 jimcofer.com [PAR] jimcofer.com is licensed under a Creative Commons License . [PAR] The 50 Greatest British Bands of All-Time [PAR] So something really awful happened recently, and to take my mind off it I decided to make a list of the 50 greatest British bands of all time. The actual list only took an hour or so to make, but it\u2019s taken me a couple of weeks to write the necessary paragraph or two about each artist. [PAR] I did my best to keep my personal tastes out of this list, insofar as that\u2019s even possible. This isn\u2019t a list of my favorite British bands of all time. I\u2019ve tried to use record sales and chart performance to justify my positions as much as I could. But, at the end of the day, my musical tastes did dictate at least a little of the list. Not many of these lists would include the Cocteau Twins over, say, Squeeze, but hey \u2013 it\u2019s my list and I\u2019ll do it as I please. [PAR] Keep in mind that the list implicitly includes spin-off acts. If you\u2019re wondering how I could leave Peter Gabriel and Phil Collins off the list, note that they\u2019re included under \u201cGenesis\u201d. My reasoning is that if I gave Gabriel his own entry, I\u2019d have give Collins one, too. And if I did that, I\u2019d have to have separate entries for Joy Division and New Order, Bryan Ferry and Brian Eno, and maybe Marc Bolan. And if I did all that, my list of \u201c50 Greatest British Bands\u201d would become the \u201c15 Greatest English Bands, and their 35 Spin-Off Acts\u201d. [PAR] Of course, the list also includes artists who are primarily known for being solo acts, like David Bowie. You typically wouldn\u2019t call Bowie a \u201cband\u201d, but \u201c50 Greatest British Musical Artists of All-Time\u201d just doesn\u2019t have the same ring that \u201c50 Greatest British Bands of All-Time\u201d does. [PAR] * * * [PAR] 50) The Verve: They weren\u2019t my favorite band (\u201cNo shit? Your #50 band isn\u2019t your favorite?\u201d), but there\u2019s no denying that The Verve had a certain degree of magic when they weren\u2019t busy arguing with each other. These guys were tight, but seemed to have more personnel issues than Spinal Tap. And it\u2019s kind of ironic that their most popular song\u2026 is now a Rolling Stones song. The band worked out an agreement to sample an orchestral version of the Rolling Stones\u2019 song \u201cThe Last Time\u201d for their single \u201cBitter Sweet Symphony\u201d. Originally, the deal called for a 50-50 profit split between The Verve and the license holder. But when the song turned into a major hit, Allen Klein sued (he\u2019s the former Stones manager who managed to steal the rights to most of their pre-1970 catalog), saying that The Verve had sampled it \u201ctoo much\u201d. Unbelievably, a court agreed. All profits were given to Klein, and songwriting credit was given to Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. This led Verve frontman Richard Ashcroft to quip that \u201cSymphony\u201d was \u201cthe best song Jagger and Richards have written in 20 years\u201d (and it was true: \u201cSymphony\u201d was the highest-charting Jagger\\Richards single since 1971\u2019s \u201cBrown Sugar\u201d!) [PAR] 49) Japan \u2013 One wonders what British pop music might have been like had Yuka Fujii never existed. She was the girlfriend of Japan\u2019s bassist, Mick Karn. In the early 80s, she packed up her things and, without telling Karn, moved in with lead singer David Sylvian. Not surprisingly, the band broke up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 33 of the greatest bands of brothers (and sisters) | Gigwise 33 of the greatest bands of brothers (and sisters) | Gigwise [PAR] by Chloe Ravat | Photos by WENN.com, Press [PAR] 33 of the greatest bands of brothers (and sisters) [PAR] The history of family bands, from The Kinks to Kings Of Leon, The Jackson 5 to Oasis and more [PAR] [PAR] The Kinks: A legendary rock band formed by brothers Dave and Ray Davies. They stormed the English music scene with songs like 'You Really Got Me' and 'Waterloo Sunset'. The brothers were the only two steady members of the band, with an ever-changing line-up of bassists and keyboard players. [PAR] The Bee Gees: A disco trio of brothers consisting of Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. They experienced the height of their career around the late 1970s with songs like 'Stayin' Alive' and 'Night Fever'. Barry is sadly the only surviving brother after Maurice died in 2003 and Robin lost his battle to cancer in 2012. [PAR] Gladys Knight and the Pips: Famed as an R'n'B/soul family act, Gladys Knight & the Pips featured siblings Gladys and Merald 'Bubba' Knight, as well as their cousins Edward Patten and William Guest. They are known for songs such as 'Midnight Train to Georgia' and 'Heard it Through the Grapevine'. [PAR] Jackson 5: Arguably the most famous sibling musical act in musical history; the Jackson 5 was the vehicle that showcased a tiny Michael Jackson's talents as a solo artist. Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon reunited for a tour in 2012, which marked the first time they had toured together without Michael. [PAR] The Allman Brothers Band: The Floridian rock and blues band was formed in 1969 by brothers Duane and Gregg Allman. They achieved huge chart success with their song 'Ramblin' Man', and last year they were awarded with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. [PAR] Iggy and the Stooges: The Michigan-born band originally comprised Iggy Pop (real name James Newell Osterberg), Dave Alexander, and brothers Dave and Ron Asheton, until Ron died in 2009. They didn't sell many records in the beginning, but are nevertheless regarded as instrumental in the rise of punk rock. [PAR] The Carpenters: An American brother-sister pop duo consisting of Karen and Richard Carpenter; they exhibited a softer musical style than was prevalent during their era of popularity. Karen suffered from a well-documented battle with anorexia, which eventually caused her death in 1983. Conversely, after overcoming an addiction to quaalude, Richard now lives with his wife and children in California. [PAR] The Jets: The Jets were a British rockabilly band consisting of three brothers, Bob, Ray and Tony Cotton. Their most successful single was 'Love Makes the World Go Round', which reached number 21 in the UK charts in 1982. [PAR] Sister Sledge: Another one of the most famous family bands in music; Sister Sledge was comprised of four sisters; Kim, Debbie, Joni and Kathy. They hit the big time in 1979 with their album We are Family and the single of the same name. [PAR] AC/DC: The Aussie (but mostly UK-grown) rock band was formed in 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young, who played rhythm and lead guitar, repsectively, and continue to do so today. Interestingly, Malcolm wrote the guitar riff for 'Back in Black' but was unsure as to whether it was any good - so asked brother Angus for his opinion. [PAR] Van Halen: Named after the brothers that formed the band; Van Halen consisted of Eddie and Alex Van Halen, David Lee Roth (who was replaced for a while"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prince's 40 Biggest Billboard Hits | Billboard Prince's 40 Biggest Billboard Hits | Billboard [PAR] Prince's 40 Biggest Billboard Hits [PAR] Prince Dies at 57: Iconic Musical Genius Found Dead in Paisley Park [PAR] The man born Prince Rogers Nelson was an icon on Billboard's Hot 100 songs chart (and fittingly won Billboard's Icon Award at the 2013 Billboard Music Awards), where he racked up an impressive array of hits, including five No. 1s. They range from his unforgettable chart-toppers (\"Let's Go Crazy,\" \"Kiss\") to funk workouts (\"Hot Thing,\" \"Controversy\") to gorgeous love songs (\"The Most Beautiful Girl in the World,\" \"Take Me With U\"). [PAR] Billboard is looking back on Prince's long career with his 40 top Hot 100 hits. The list is led by his No. 1 smash from the Purple Rain soundtrack, \"When Doves Cry.\" [PAR] Here are Prince's 40 biggest Billboard Hot 100 hits: [PAR] Rank, Title, Hot 100 Peak Year, Position (Weeks Spent at No. 1) [PAR] 1, \"When Doves Cry,\" 1984, No. 1 (5)* [PAR] 2, \"Kiss,\" 1986, No. 1 (2)* [PAR] 3, \"Let's Go Crazy,\" 1984, No. 1 (2)* [PAR] 4, \"Cream,\" 1991, No. 1 (2)** [PAR] 5, \"Batdance,\" 1989, No. 1 (1) [PAR] 6, \"Raspberry Beret,\" 1985, No. 2* [PAR] 7, \"U Got the Look,\" 1987, No. 2 [PAR] 8, \"Purple Rain,\" 1984, No. 2* [PAR] 9, \"The Most Beautiful Girl in the World,\" 1994, No. 3 [PAR] 10, \"Sign 'O' the Times,\" 1987, No. 3 [PAR] 11, \"Little Red Corvette,\" 1983, No. 6 [PAR] 12, \"Diamonds and Pearls,\" 1992, No. 3** [PAR] 13, \"Thieves in the Temple,\" 1990, No. 6 [PAR] 14, \"Pop Life,\" 1985, No. 7* [PAR] 15, \"Delirious,\" 1983, No. 8 [PAR] 16, \"I Would Die 4 U,\" 1985, No. 8* [PAR] 17, \"7,\" 1993, No. 7** [PAR] 18, \"Alphabet St.,\" 1988, No. 8 [PAR] 19, \"I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man,\" 1988, No. 10 [PAR] 20, \"1999,\" 1983, No. 12 [PAR] 21, \"I Wanna Be Your Lover,\" 1980, No. 11 [PAR] 22, \"Partyman,\" 1989, No. 18 [PAR] 23, \"Gett Off,\" 1991, No. 21** [PAR] 24, \"Mountains,\" 1986, No. 23* [PAR] 25, \"Take Me With You,\" 1985, No. 25*** [PAR] 26, \"The Arms of Orion,\" 1989, No. 36**** [PAR] 27, \"Money Don't Matter 2 Night,\" 1992, No. 23** [PAR] 28, \"I Hate U,\" 1995, No. 12 [PAR] 29, \"LetItGo,\" 1994, No. 31 [PAR] 30, \"America,\" 1985, No. 46* [PAR] 31. \"The Morning Papers,\" 1993, No. 44** [PAR] 32. \"Anotherloverholenyohead,\" 1986, No. 63* [PAR] 33. \"Let's Pretend We're Married/Irresistible Bitch,\" 1984, No. 52* [PAR] 34. \"My Name Is Prince,\" 1992, No. 36** [PAR] 35. \"Hot Thing,\" 1988, No. 63 [PAR] 36. \"Pink Cashmere,\" 1993, No. 50 [PAR] 37. \"Controversy,\" 1981, No. 70 [PAR] 38. \"Call My Name,\" 2004, No. 75 [PAR] 39. \"The Greatest Romance Ever Sold,\" 2000, No. 63 [PAR] 40. \"New Power Generation,\" 1990, No. 64 [PAR] * Prince and the Revolution [PAR] ** Prince and the N.P.G./The New Power Generation [PAR] *** Prince and the Revolution With Apollonia [PAR] **** Prince With Sheena Easton [PAR] This ranking is based on actual performance on the weekly Billboard Hot 100 chart. Songs are ranked based on an inverse point system, with weeks at No. 1 earning the greatest value and weeks at No. 100 earning the least. To ensure equitable representation of the biggest hits from each era, certain time frames were weighted to account for the difference between turnover rates from those years."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Most Popular Sport Feature Films IMDb: Most Popular Sport Feature Films - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] View Mode: Compact | Detailed [PAR] 1 to 50 of 2,839 titles | Next \u00bb [PAR] 1. Cars 3 (2017) [PAR] Animation, Adventure, Comedy | Filming [PAR] Lightning McQueen sets out to prove to a new generation of racers that he's still the best race car in the world. [PAR] Unrated | 161 min | Biography, Drama, Sport [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] G | 117 min | Animation, Adventure, Comedy [PAR] 7.2 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2/10 X [PAR] 73 Metascore [PAR] A hot-shot race-car named Lightning McQueen gets waylaid in Radiator Springs, where he finds the true meaning of friendship and family. [PAR] PG-13 | 133 min | Drama, Sport [PAR] 7.7 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X [PAR] 82 Metascore [PAR] The former World Heavyweight Champion Rocky Balboa serves as a trainer and mentor to Adonis Johnson, the son of his late friend and former rival Apollo Creed. [PAR] R | 98 min | Comedy, Sport [PAR] 7.4 [PAR] PG-13 | 140 min | Action, Drama, Sport [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.2/10 X [PAR] 71 Metascore [PAR] The youngest son of an alcoholic former boxer returns home, where he's trained by his father for competition in a mixed martial arts tournament - a path that puts the fighter on a collision course with his estranged, older brother. [PAR] PG-13 | 106 min | Biography, Comedy, Drama [PAR] 7.4 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.4/10 X [PAR] 54 Metascore [PAR] The story of Eddie Edwards, the notoriously tenacious British underdog ski jumper who charmed the world at the 1988 Winter Olympics. [PAR] PG | 120 min | Drama, Sport [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] R | 124 min | Drama, Sport [PAR] 7.4 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.4/10 X [PAR] 57 Metascore [PAR] Boxer Billy Hope turns to trainer Tick Wills to help him get his life back on track after losing his wife in a tragic accident and his daughter to child protection services. [PAR] PG-13 | 121 min | Adventure, Biography, Drama [PAR] 7.1 [PAR] PG | 130 min | Biography, Family, Sport [PAR] 7.1 [PAR] PG-13 | 114 min | Action, Crime, Sport [PAR] 5.3 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.3/10 X [PAR] 34 Metascore [PAR] A young FBI agent infiltrates an extraordinary team of extreme sports athletes he suspects of masterminding a string of unprecedented, sophisticated corporate heists. [PAR] PG-13 | 137 min | Biography, Drama, Sport [PAR] 7.2 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2/10 X [PAR] 59 Metascore [PAR] After a near-fatal plane crash in WWII, Olympian Louis Zamperini spends a harrowing 47 days in a raft with two fellow crewmen before he's caught by the Japanese navy and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp. [PAR] PG | 113 min | Biography, Drama, Sport [PAR] 7.8 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.8/10 X [PAR] 48 Metascore [PAR] The true story of a newly appointed African-American coach and his high school team on their first season as a racially integrated unit. [PAR] R | 111 min | Action, Biography, Drama [PAR] 6.6 [PAR] PG-13 | 92 min | Comedy, Sport [PAR] 6.7 [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.7/10 X [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Mario Fun Facts! - Neatorama 10 Mario Fun Facts! - Neatorama [PAR] Neatorama [PAR] \u2022 1 [PAR] Here are 10 things you may not know about our favorite video game character Mario: [PAR] Mario was first seen in the video game Donkey Kong, but he was called \"Jumpman.\" He was also a carpenter then, not a plumber. [PAR] Mario was named after Mario Segale, the landlord of Nintendo of America's office, who barged in on a company meeting demanding an overdue rent. [PAR] Shigeru Miyamoto drew Mario as wearing a cap because he found drawing hair difficult. He also drew in the moustache, because it was easier to see than a mouth in the crude video game screen resolution back then. [PAR] Mario and his younger brother Luigi are known as the \"Mario Brothers.\" This means that Mario's last name is also Mario, so his full name is Mario Mario. [PAR] Mario is voice-acted by Charles Martinet, who crashed the audition for \"an Italian plumber from Brooklyn\" character. Here's an interview with the man: [PAR] YouTube Link [PAR] Mario's nemesis is Wario (a combination of \"warui\", the Japanese word for bad, and Mario). Similarly, Luigi's rival is Waluigi. Both are also voiced by Charles Martinet. [PAR] Mario has appeared in over 200 video games so far, has sold over 193 million units of games (all of the Mario series) and even has his own TV cartoon show. Super Mario Bros. 3 alone grossed over $500 million in USA. [PAR] TV Schmeve, you're nothing till there's an opera done on you. In 2003, Jonathan Mann of California Institute of Arts created The Mario Opera, a rock opera: [PAR] YouTube Link [PAR] Super Mario Bros. theme music, written by Koji Kondo, is known worldwide. It has inspired countless fan-renditions, including one played by Zack Kim on two guitars (viewed over 4 million times on YouTube!), played by Jean Baudin on 11 string bass , beatboxed by Greg Patillo on the flute , and played by the Oregon Pro Arte Chamber Orchestra on the trombones . [PAR] But my favorite is this one by Play! symphony orchestra: [PAR] Google Video Link [PAR] Mario is the most famous character in the history of video games, and perhaps is the most famous character ever. In a 1990 poll by Marketing Evaluations, Mario was found to be more popular (and recognizable) among children than Mickey Mouse."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Word Records - Fun With Words Word Records [PAR] Word Records [PAR] BORED? Play our free word games \u2013 INTERACTIVE HANGMAN [PAR] Word Records [PAR] Here is a selection of record-breaking words: typewriter words , subalphabetic words , symmetrical words , most looked-up words , and most misspelled words . See also these sections: longest word , vowel records , consecutive letter records , Scrabble game records , and Angry, Hungry, and GRY words . [PAR] Typewriter Words [PAR] TYPEWRITER (10 letters) can be typed using only the top row of keys on a standard keyboard. Other ten-letter words with this property are PEPPERROOT, PEPPERWORT, PERPETUITY, PEWTERWORT, PIROUETTER, PREREQUIRE, PRETORTURE, PROPRIETOR, REPERTOIRE, REPETITORY, TETTERWORT. If hyphens are allowed, then TEETER-TOTTER (12 letters) is possible, as is TEETER-TOTTERER (14 letters), although the latter is not found in dictionaries. Another possible 12-letter word, POWERTRIPPER, is also not in any major dictionary. [PAR] SHAKALSHAS (10 letters) is the longest word which can be typed using only the middle row of letters on the keyboard. Others include HAGGADAHS, FLAGFALLS, HADASSAHS, GALAGALA, GALAHADS, HASKALAH, and ALFALFAS. [PAR] The only dictionary word which can be typed using only the bottom row of letters is ZZZ (to indicate sleeping). (There are no vowels in the bottom row.) [PAR] AFTERCATARACTS, TESSERADECADES and TETRASTEARATES (each 14 letters) are the longest words which can be typed using only the fingers of the left hand, using the standard method of typing. [PAR] Using only the fingers of the right hand, one can type the 12-letter word JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (common name for a flower) including the hyphens, and also PHYLLOPHYLLIN (13 letters). [PAR] Subalphabetic Words [PAR] FICKLEHEADED and FIDDLEDEEDEE are the longest English words consisting only of letters in the first half of the alphabet, each being 12 letters long. The 13-letter CABBAGEHEADED and ILLEFFACEABLE are not in dictionaries. Unfortunately, neither is HIGGLEHAGGLED nor GIBBLEGABBLED, also 13 letters each. [PAR] It is harder to make long words from the second half of the alphabet, as there are only two vowels, and these vowels are less common than those found in the first half of the alphabet. The longest is NONSUPPORTS (11 letters), although if place names are allowed then the 13-letter words TUTTOQQORTOOQ (in Greenland) and ROSSOUWSPOORT (in South Africa) are valid. [PAR] ACCEDED, CABBAGE, BAGGAGE, DEFACED, EFFACED, and FEEDBAG are seven-letter words which can be played on a musical instrument, that is to say they contain only letters in the range A-G. CABBAGED, at eight letters, is the longest such word. [PAR] Symmetrical Words [PAR] Closely related to palindromes , symmetrical words are words that have an axis of symmetry, or point of rotational symmetry. Needless to say, it is relevant whether the word is written in upper or lower case. [PAR] Some long words with horizontal symmetry are: BEDECKED, BOOHOOED, CHECKBOOK, CODEBOOK, COOKBOOK, DECIDED, DIOXIDE, DOBCHICK, EXCEEDED, HOODOOED, and KEBOBBED. The longest such word, with ten letters, is OKEECHOBEE. [PAR] The longest words with vertical symmetry are OTTO, MAAM, and TOOT. Others include MOM, WOW, AHA, AHA, AIA, AMA, AVA, AWA, HAH, HOH, HUH, MAM, MIM, MUM, OHO, OXO, TAT, TIT, TOT, TUT, UTU, VAV, and WAW! [PAR] When written in upper case, the word BID has horizontal symmetry, but when written in lower case it has vertical symmetry \u2013 bid! [PAR] SWIMS is probably the longest word with 180-degree rotational symmetry. All of the letters in the words SOONISH (7 letters) and ONIONS (6 letters) independently have 180-degree rotational symmetry. [PAR] Most looked-up and most misspelled Words [PAR] PARADIGM was the word most frequently looked up in 1998"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does the traditional rhyme say about the meaning of ... What does the traditional rhyme say about the meaning of the day of your birth? | Reference.com [PAR] What does the traditional rhyme say about the meaning of the day of your birth? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The traditional rhyme about the meaning of the day of your birth is \"Monday's Child is Fair of Face\" by Mother Goose. The words of the poem are used to associate people, especially children, with a personality or pattern according to the day of the week on which they were born. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The poem states that Monday's child is fair of face and Tuesday's child is full of grace. It further states that Wednesday's child is full of woe and Thursday's child has far to go. The poem then goes on to state that Friday's child is loving and giving and Saturday's child works hard for a living. The poem finally concludes that the child that is born on the Sabbath day is bonny and blithe, and good and gay. [PAR] Mother Goose rhymes usually have a rich history behind them. Mother Goose is a mythical person whose name was probably derived from the title of Charles Perrault\u2019s collection of fairy tales, \u201cTales of Mother Goose,\" published in 1697. Mother Goose is a fictitious old woman who is reputedly the source of many traditional children\u2019s songs and verses known as nursery rhymes. She is often pictured as a beak-nosed, sharp-chinned elderly woman riding on the back of a flying gander. [PAR] The persistent legend that Mother Goose was an actual Boston woman, Elizabeth Goose, is false, states Encylopaedia Britannica. The first U.S. edition of Mother Goose rhymes was a reprint of the Newbery edition published by Isaiah Thomas in 1785."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of the Barber Pole | eHow The History of the Barber Pole | eHow [PAR] The History of the Barber Pole [PAR] Combustion Chamber's Photostream, http://www.flickr.com/photos/combustionchamber/ [PAR] Most people (of a certain age) have seen a barber pole with colorful spiral stripes outside of a barber shop, although most modern salons have discontinued the practice. The history of the barber pole dates back to the late Middle Ages when barbers performed some surgical procedures and used the pole as a means of advertising their services. [PAR] History [PAR] According to NortheastMarketplace.com, the barber pole was originally used to designate the practice of a barber-surgeon who would perform various bloodletting procedures. Beginning in the late Middle Ages, barbers were responsible not only for cutting hair and shaving whiskers but for leeching, tooth extraction and other minor procedures. [PAR] According to ThamesSalon.com, academic surgeons who were closer to contemporary doctors were differentiated from barber-surgeons by their robes: academic surgeons were the surgeons of the long robe, and barber surgeons were the surgeons of the short robe. Barber surgeons were not permitted to perform major surgery and academic surgeons were forbidden to shave or cut hair. The scope of the barber-surgeons' practice is what gave rise to the design of the barber pole. [PAR] Function [PAR] According to BarberPole.com, the pole outside of a barber's establishment indicated that bloodletting procedures were practiced there. Generally speaking, bloodletting required the use of two bandages; one which would be twisted around the arm before bleeding and one which would be used after the bloodletting to bind the wound. Bandages would be wound around the pole outside the shop when they weren't being used, and eventually the real bandages were replaced by painted stripes. [PAR] Identification [PAR] The traditional barber pole seen often outside of barber shops is an easily identifiable pole with swirling spirals of red, white and blue stripes. For convenience the pole was painted and placed outside of the shop to attract customers. The earliest poles had a leech basin affixed to the top, but this was later replaced by a round ball which sits atop most barber poles today. [PAR] Theories/Speculation [PAR] According to ThamesSalon.com the red stripe on the barber pole indicates the bloodstained bandage, the white stripe indicates a clean bandage. Blue stripes were added in the United States, possibly representing the third color of the American flag. Another interpretation is that the blue stripes represent the color of blood veins. [PAR] Considerations [PAR] Although in the United States red, white and blue are used on many barber poles, the traditional colors of the barber are simply red and white. In 1540 when the United Barber Surgeons Company was created, all barbers were required to use a blue and white pole while all surgeons were required to use a red pole.[DOC] [TLE] Wonders & Marvels \u2014 A History of the Barber\u2019s Pole A History of the Barber's Pole - Wonders & Marvels [PAR] Wonders & Marvels [PAR] A Community for Curious Minds who love History, its Odd Stories, and Good Reads [PAR] MENU [PAR] A History of the Barber\u2019s Pole [PAR] October 17, 2011 [PAR] By Lindsey Fitzharris (W&M Contributor) [PAR] The history of the barber\u2019s pole is as intertwined with the history of the barber-surgeons as the red and white stripes that adorn it. The history of the barber\u2019s pole is as intertwined with the history of the barber-surgeons as the red and white stripes that adorn it. [PAR] Barber-surgeons were medical practitioners who provided a wide-range of services during the medieval and early modern periods"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia Bugs Bunny | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character, best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of theatrical short films produced by Warner Bros. during the 1940s, 50s and 60s. His popularity during this era led to his becoming an American cultural icon, as well as a corporate mascot of the Warner Bros. company. He was created by the staff of Leon Schlesinger Productions (later Warner Bros. Cartoons ) and voiced originally by the \"Man of a Thousand Voices\", Mel Blanc . [PAR] Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray hare and is famous for his relaxed, passive personality, pronounced New York accent (Blanc described the voice as being a mixture of Brooklyn and Bronx accents [1] ), depiction as a mischievous trickster, and his catchphrase \"Eh, what's up, doc?\" (usually said while chewing a carrot). Bugs has appeared in more films (both short and feature-length) than any other cartoon character, has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and is the 9th most-portrayed film personality in the world. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Bugs' precursor [PAR] Bugs' evolution from Happy Rabbit to the present [PAR] Happy Rabbit , a hare with some of the personality of Bugs (though looking very different), made his first appearance in the cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt , released on April 30, 1938. Co-directed by Ben Hardaway and an uncredited Cal Dalton (who was responsible for the initial design of the rabbit), this short has an almost identical plot to Tex Avery 's Porky's Duck Hunt , which had introduced Daffy Duck . Hare Hunt replaced the little black duck with a small white rabbit. Porky Pig was again cast as a hunter tracking a silly prey who is more interested in driving his pursuer insane and less interested in escaping. Happy introduced himself with the odd expression \"Jiggers, fellers,\" and Mel Blanc gave the character a voice and laugh much like those he would later use for Woody Woodpecker. Hare Hunt also gave Happy the famous Groucho Marx line, \"Of course you realize, this means war!\" The rabbit character was popular enough with audiences that the Termite Terrace staff decided to use it again. [PAR] Happy returned in the short Prest-O Change-O , directed by Chuck Jones , where he is the pet rabbit of unseen character Sham-Fu The Magician. Two dogs, fleeing the local dogcatcher, enter his absent master's house. Happy harasses them, but is ultimately bested by the bigger of the two dogs. [PAR] Happy's third appearance came in Hare-um Scare-um , once again directed by Cal and Ben. This short (the first in which he is depicted as a gray bunny instead of a white one) is also notable as Happy's first singing role. Charlie Thorson, lead animator on the short, gave the character a different name. He had written \"Bugs' Bunny\" on the model sheet that he drew for Ben. In promotional material for the short, including a surviving 1939 press kit, the name on the model sheet was altered to become the rabbit's own name: \"Bugs\" Bunny (quotation marks only used, on and off, until 1944). [PAR] In Chuck Jones' Elmer's Candid Camera , Happy met Elmer Fudd for the first time. In this cartoon, Happy looked more like the present-day Bugs, taller and with a similar face\u2014-but retaining the more primitive voice. Candid Cameras Elmer character design was also different: fatter and taller than the modern model, although Arthur Q."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scarlett by Alexandra Ripley - Fantastic Fiction Scarlett by Alexandra Ripley [PAR] A novel by Alexandra Ripley [PAR] [PAR] The timeless tale continues...The most popular and beloved American historical novel ever written, Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind isunparalleled in its portrayal of men and women at oncelarger than life but as real as ourselves.Now bestsellingwriter Alexandra Ripley brings us back to Tara andreintroduces us to the characters we remember so well:Rhett, Ashley, Mammy, Suellen, Aunt Pittypat, and, ofcourse, Scarlett.As the classic story, first told over half a century ago, moves forward, the greatest love affair in all fiction isreignited; amidst heartbreak and joy, the endless,consuming passion between Scarlett O'Hara and RhettButler reaches its startling culmination. Rich withsurprises at every turn and new emotional, breathtakingadventures, Scarlett satisfies our longing to reenter theworld of Gone With the Wind, and like its predecessor, Scarlett will find an eternal place in our hearts.[DOC] [TLE] Scarlett: The Sequel to Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the ... Scarlett: The Sequel to Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind by Alexandra Ripley, Paperback | Barnes & Noble\u00ae [PAR] Meet the author [PAR] Overview [PAR] The timeless tale continues... The most popular and beloved American historical novel ever written, Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind is unparalleled in its portrayal of men and women at once larger than life but as real as ourselves. Now bestselling writer Alexandra Ripley brings us back to Tara and reintroduces us to the characters we remember so well: Rhett, Ashley, Mammy, Suellen, Aunt Pittypat, and, of course, Scarlett. As the classic story, first told over half a century ago, moves forward, the greatest love affair in all fiction is reignited; amidst heartbreak and joy, the endless, consuming passion between Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler reaches its startling culmination. Rich with surprises at every turn and new emotional, breathtaking adventures, Scarlett satisfies our longing to reenter the world of Gone With the Wind, and like its predecessor, Scarlett will find an eternal place in our hearts. [PAR] Advertising"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Moby-Dick (Unabridged) by Herman Melville on iTunes Moby-Dick (Unabridged) by Herman Melville on iTunes [PAR] Nathaniel Hawthorne didn't write Moby Dick - Herman Melville did. [PAR] Hast thou seen the White Whale? [PAR] [PAR] by elizabethwoolf [PAR] Moby-Dick is a magnificent book, but it can require a great deal of patience: it is an 'adventure' novel in which not very much happens. Its plot is very simple & very famous. Its beauty is in the slavish amount of detail put into it. [PAR] Melville uses nautical terms extensively, & he loves nothing better than to have Ishmael display his breadth of knowledge-- & because of this, I would recommend a printed copy with annotations IN ADDITION to this recording. The Norton Critical edition has ample notes, glossaries & diagrams which make it even more possible to become joyously immersed in the book. There are few novels that more strongly make me feel actually inside them. I've had the luxury of having both the explanatory materials & Frank Muller's narration (reading the notes after each chapter). His voice is rich & smooth. (There is one sentence beginning with the phrase 'His special lunacy...' that I listened to half a dozen times in a row, so alluring were Muller's inflections. [PAR] He voices Ishmael's erudition with genuine enthusiasm for the types, behaviour, appearance, historical significance, et cetera of whales (Melville does do the thing right); shows considerable comedic talent with Stubb's frenzied 'pep-talks' for pulling a whale in; & gives Queequeg's idiosyncratic take on the English language a sweet mixture of toughness & frankness. Queequeg & Ishmael's relationship is an interesting element of Moby-Dick. Ishmael refers to him as a 'savage' but evidently feels a strong sense of respect & comradeship toward him. Is it hypocrisy, or an obsolete, now politically incorrect, term, as people call Native Americans 'Indians' without meaning any malice? It makes me uneasy. [PAR] The most gorgeous parts of the book, though, are Ahab's mad soliloquies. It is almost frightening how well Muller \u2018gets into character\u2019. [PAR] \"Leap! leap up & lick the sky! I leap with thee; I burn with thee; would feign be welded with thee; defyingly I worship thee!\" [PAR] Listeners Also Bought[DOC] [TLE] Call Me Ishmael - BabyLit Call Me Ishmael - BabyLit [PAR] Home > News > Call Me Ishmael [PAR] Call Me Ishmael [PAR] Posted on October 18, 2015 by Gibbs Smith [PAR] [PAR] Moby-Dick was published on this day in 1851. The novel opens with \u201cCall me Ishmael,\u201d perhaps the most famous opening line in all literature. It\u2019s author, Herman Melville, himself worked as a whaler and Moby-Dick is likely based on two actual events at sea. One is the sinking of the Nantucket ship, Essex, in 1820 off the coast of South America after being rammed by a sperm whale. The second was the killing of an albino sperm whale named Mocha Dick in Chilean waters."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Gay Adventurer - Blakeney Manor The Gay Adventurer [PAR] The Gay Adventurer [PAR] by John Blakeney [PAR] There can't be too many literary creations who have been the subject of a biography in their own right - at best, most characters have to be content with having their adventures and personalities analysed and dissected by academics in the hope that they can shed some psychological light on their creator's life. Perhaps the best examples of this are Ian Fleming's James Bond and Conan Doyle's larger-than-life Sherlock Holmes. But there is one fictional character, at least, who can boast his own biography: Sir Percy Blakeney, better known as that scourge of the French revolutionaries, the Scarlet Pimpernel. [PAR] In The Gay Adventurer (Long, 1938), John Blakeney provides a very readable and intriguing account of Baroness Orczy's most famous creation. The entire book is carefully pulled together using incidents from Scarlet Pimpernel novels, with only the occasional added linkages to provide coherence, and it's well worth giving a brief account of the Pimpernel's life according to Blakeney here, bearing in mind that the whole book was meant as a tongue-in-cheek affair and that it is widely assumed that John Blakeney was the pseudonym of Baroness Orczy's son! [PAR] Although the Pimpernel's ancestors can be traced back to a John Blake who was born in the village of Blakeney, Suffolk, in 1559, and included a British Ambassador to Holland, the most famous Sir Percy Blakeney was born in England in 1760. He had an unhappy and unsettled childhood, due largely to the fact that his mother went insane at his birth, and this manifested itself in some childhood pranks which bordered on the level of serious misbehavior. On one occasion, for instance, he kidnapped a local girl, stripped her and tied her to a tree, just so that he could then bravely rescue her - many French aristocrats would later be very thankful for this early practice! [PAR] SWORDSMAN [PAR] To curb his son's natural excesses, his father arranged for Percy to be taught fencing and he eventually became an excellent swordsman, but not before he had caused the loss of a young rival's arm. [PAR] After school at Harrow (where he formed important friendships with the likes of William Pitt and Andrew Ffoulkes, both of whom would be useful in later years), Percy's father died leaving him a very rich young man. He eventually entered Parliament but resigned two years later having had enough of the rogues and scoundrels, and the hypocrisy of the members - they on their part were glad to be rid of such an effete dandy. [PAR] In 1787, almost in spite of himself, he became engaged to Lady Mary de Courcy, but because she was such a \"gas bag\" he broke off their relationship and fled to Paris. Here he was given a job by Pitt who needed reliable information as to what the French were up to, and it was here also that he met Marguerite St. Just who was to become his wife and great love throughout his adventures as the Scarlet Pimpernel. [PAR] After the fall of Robespierre and the end of his exploits as the Pimpernel as chronicled by Baroness Orczy, Percy fell back into his restless, easily bored ways until, in 1797, as Napoleon's expansionist forays were beginning, he re-equipped his yacht, the Daydream, as a ship of war and began to work as a raider against the Emperor's fleet. After several successful raids in which he named himself the Nightmare, his ship was sunk and he had to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Locate a Book in a Library: 6 Steps (with Pictures) How to Locate a Book in a Library: 6 Steps (with Pictures) [PAR] How to Locate a Book in a Library [PAR] Community Q&A [PAR] A library is a big place, filled with thousands or even hundreds of thousands of books. How do you find just the books you need? A librarian is always there to assist you, but you might want to find a book on your own by browsing the shelves or checking the catalog, which is usually in a computer on a table, easy to access and use. [PAR] Steps [PAR] 1 [PAR] Investigate. If this is your first time in a library that is new to you, take some time to look around and get to know the place. Notice the signs in the building and the overall system. If it's a larger building, look for maps or directories near the entrance. [PAR] Notice that shelves and areas are marked with the types of materials that are in them. Pay particular attention to sections that interest you. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Consult the catalog. Many libraries now have computerized catalogs available on computer terminals throughout the building. Some might still have an old card catalog on index cards in drawers. Either way, there are some standard ways to search a card catalog. [PAR] Title search. If you know the book's title, you can search for it. In a paper card catalog, you will search alphabetically. In general, though, ignore \"a\" or \"the\" if it is the first word. Thus, The Count of Monte Cristo will be filed alphabetically under \"Count\". Computerized catalogs vary, but you will usually select a title search and type in at least the first few words of the title. [PAR] Author search. If you know the author of the book, or if you are interested in other works by a favorite author, you can search for that. Authors are usually listed by their last names. [PAR] Subject search. If you know what you want to read about, or you're searching for particular information, but you don't know the title of a specific book, try a subject search. A subject that is too broad may turn up too many results, including other related subjects. A subject that is too narrow may not be cataloged. If you don't find quite what you want the first time, try searching on different words. [PAR] Keyword search. Most electronic catalogs will let you search on a keyword or words. For example, searching on the keyword \"French\" would find any book with that word in the title, be it about French cooking, French tourism, or French kissing . [PAR] 3 [PAR] Notice whether your book is checked out. Many computerized catalogs, especially, tie in to the circulation database to tell you whether a book is on the shelves or is unavailable. If it is checked out, seeing that now can save you a trip. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Make notes. When you find the book you want in the catalog, write down the call number and any other information about the location of the book. Most libraries offer scraps of paper near their catalogs. This information tells you where to find the book. [PAR] Remember that Non-fiction books will be shelved separately by some kind of classification system (the most popular are the Dewey Decimal System and the Library of Congress Classification system.) Each book is given a number according to its subject matter. The books are then arranged in order on the shelves by these"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mystery of Shakespeare's Identity - TIME The Mystery of Shakespeare's Identity - TIME [PAR] The Mystery of Shakespeare's Identity [PAR] By Jumana Farouky / London Thursday, Sept. 13, 2007 [PAR] An artist's rendering of William Shakespeare reading Hamlet to his family. [PAR] Related [PAR] Follow @TIME [PAR] Like alien autopsies and the second gunman, the belief that someone other than a glover's son from Stratford wrote William Shakespeare's plays is a conspiracy theory that refuses to die. Doubters started questioning the true identity of the writer in the late 19th century. Ever since then, the theory of an alternate author has flirted with the mainstream as some scholars and researchers have tried to get the broader academic community to treat the question as a legitimate debate, instead of the ramblings of crackpots. Now, almost 300 Shakespeare skeptics have made a very public plea to be taken seriously. [PAR] On Sept. 10, Shakespearian actor Derek Jacobi and Mark Rylance, former artistic director of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre (a working modern replica of the London theater Will co-owned and acted at), unveiled a \"Declaration of Reasonable Doubt.\" Created by the California-based Shakespeare Authorship Coalition, an educational charity dedicated to raising awareness of the Shakespeare identity question, the document asks the world of academia to accept that there is \"room for reasonable doubt about the identity of William Shakespeare\" and to start taking the research into who is really responsible for his works seriously. Along with Jacobi and Rylance, signatories include Charles Champlin, the former L.A. Times arts editor; Michael Delahoyde, an English professor at Washington State University; and Robin Fox, professor of social theory at Rutgers University in New Jersey. Some more famous names, like Mark Twain, Charles Dickens and Orson Welles, also lent their posthumous support in a list of people who expressed their own doubts about the Bard when they were alive. [PAR] (See TIME's photo-essay \"The Royal Shakespeare Company's Complete Histories.\") [PAR] At the heart of the problem is the fact that, for a man who was so prolific with his pen, Shakespeare didn't leave much evidence of his life behind. Most scholars accept that there is enough to prove that a William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, became an actor in London and retired back in Stratford until his death in 1616. But that's where the agreement ends. Stratfordians, as they are known, believe that this William Shakespeare is the same man who wrote what would become known as the greatest body of literary works in the history of the English language. The Anti-Stratfordians say that there is, in fact, nothing solid linking Shakespeare with the plays, poems and sonnets attributed to him. [PAR] And so begins the game of tit-for-tat. Stratfordians note that Shakespeare's name is printed on the title pages of many of the plays published during his lifetime. The Anti-Stratfordians point out that nobody even knows if that's how Shakespeare spelled his name: the only surviving examples of his handwriting are six scraggly signatures spelled several different ways. Those pro-Will say that some of Shakespeare's contemporaries mention him in their writings; the naysayers counter that they only refer to him as an actor, never explicitly as a playwright. [PAR] (Read \"Is This What Shakespeare Looked Like?\") [PAR] Then there's the apparent disconnect between the life that William Shakespeare lived and the ones he wrote about. Anti-Stratfordians claim that Shakespeare's plays show a keen grasp of literature, language, court life and foreign travel \u0097 not the kinds of things that a small-town actor without a university education would be familiar with. As the Declaration"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol 'will be biggest selling adult ... Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol 'will be biggest selling adult fiction novel of the decade' - Telegraph [PAR] Book news [PAR] Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol 'will be biggest selling adult fiction novel of the decade' [PAR] Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol will become the biggest selling adult fiction novel of the decade, and the fastest selling since the final Harry Potter book, Waterstone's have predicted. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] The Da Vinci Code was subsequently turned into a film starring Tom Hanks and Audrey Tautou [PAR] [PAR] Follow [PAR] The book, released this Tuesday, follows Brown's hugely successful The Da Vinci Code, and has a first print run of one million copies. [PAR] More than one in 10 British household bought a copy of the final Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, within the first 24 hours of its release, making it the fastest-selling book in the country's history. A total of 2,652,656 copies were sold in the opening 24 hours. [PAR] The Lost Symbol is a thriller set during a 12-hour period and features the hero from The Da Vinci Code and Angels & Demons, Robert Langdon. [PAR] An electronic version of the novel will also be released on Tuesday and could prove a turning point for machines such as the Sony Reader and the Kindle ebook. [PAR] The book is set largely in Washington and is set to examine freemasonry in the same way Brown featured the Illuminati and the Catholic Church in his other novels. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Dan Brown: A success story even more implausible than his plots [PAR] 25 Apr 2009 [PAR] The Da Vinci Code, which was subsequently turned into a film starring Tom Hanks and Audrey Tautou, has sold more than 81 million copies worldwide and is Britain's biggest selling paperback novel of all time. The film grossed $758 million. [PAR] Following the success of The Da Vinci Code, Brown's earlier novels Angels & Demons, Deception Point and Digital Fortress all went on to become multi-million copy international best sellers, and are Britain's second, third and fourth best selling adult paper back novels of all time. [PAR] Despite the Da Vinci Code's success, it angered scholars, critics and religious officials, with the plot including secret religious cults and speculation Jesus fathered a child with Mary Magdalene. [PAR] Janine Cook, from Waterstone's, whose London Piccadilly store is the only British shop selling signed copies, said: \"It's almost inevitable that this will be the fastest selling fiction hardback of the decade since records began. Outside of Harry Potter, and Harry Potter is a children's book, the last time there was an adult book that there was a Great Expectation was the last Hannibal book by Thomas Harris and that was phenomenally successful and that's going to knock this one into a cocked hat. [PAR] \"It's Transworld's biggest print run for a hardback novel ever in the UK, and that's on million copies which is a very bullish thing to do in the economic climate but I think they can be very confident they will be going to a second print run and more after that. [PAR] \"For us it's going to be the biggest the seller of the year and since Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.\" [PAR] The majority of Borders book stores will open at least an hour early on publication day. [PAR] Ruth Atkins, Borders fiction buyer, said: \"We're expecting it will be the biggest fiction hardback of the year and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mates: official site :: Home Mates, Signs of Sexy | Mates condoms [PAR] Mates, Signs of Sexy [PAR] Flavours inspired by famous cocktails [PAR] Buy now [PAR] Expertise [PAR] Mates history [PAR] We are the 2nd largest condom manufacturer in the UK with a range of premium condoms, a loyal customer base and very strong brand awareness. Our brand has undergone numerous re-launches with some pretty impressionable and memorable campaigns some of which have won awards. [PAR] Richard Branson launched Mates condoms in the UK in 1987 to promote condoms to young adults at a low price point as awareness of HIV and AIDS grew. A year later Ansell, who were initially manufacturing the condoms for the Virgin brand, bought Mates. [PAR] Mates has evolved and developed to keep up with market changes, consumer demand and new product developments whilst always standing for safety and reliability. It is this consistency which has kept Mates a key player in the condom market. Mates can now be purchased in a variety of stores on the High Street, within major supermarkets, chemists and pharmacies. [PAR] About The Ansell Group [PAR] Ansell Ltd, formerly Pacific Dunlop Ltd, first commenced business in Australia in1905. Eric Ansell was employed at Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company and was asked to dismantle the plants condom making machine. Ansell saw an opportunity and set the machine up in a small rented house. [PAR] Today, Ansell Ltd is a world leader in the design, supply, and marketing of barrier protection products and services. Ansell are an international manufacturer of condoms and own a variety of brands around the world \u2013 Mates in the UK, Lifestyles in the USA & Australia, and Manix in France to name but a few. [PAR] Our operations are organized into three business segments - Professional Healthcare (medical examination and surgical gloves), Occupational Healthcare (industrial and consumer protective gloves), and Consumer Healthcare (condoms). [PAR] We manufacture our products at eighteen factories in seven countries selling in more than 100 countries.The majority of our factories are located in Southeast Asia in order to be close to the rubber tree plantations - our source of natural latex. [PAR] History [PAR] Mates Quality Charter [PAR] Mates reputation for fault-free products is not the result of mere chance but of rigorous manufacturing processes and a strict programme of tests and quality checks. Such perfectionism has not gone unnoticed, and the company is proud of its CE and BSI Kitemark credentials together with its ISO certifications. [PAR] International Standard ISO 4074 : 2002 for male condoms manufactured in latex. [PAR] The ISO 4074 : 2002 standard involves strict conformity to rigorous procedures demanded by manufacturers. [PAR] Every product marketed in Europe has to satisfy the rigorous demands of ISO standards and to have been awarded the CE stamp of approval. [PAR] The tests demanded by ISO 4074 : 2002 are as follows : [PAR] Specifications relating to the size of the condoms [PAR] Volume and bursting pressure [PAR] Sex guide [PAR] Why use a condom? [PAR] Mates are the ideal condom to experiment with to spice up your sex life and discover new and delightful sensations. Not only that but Mates condoms give excellent protection from unintended pregnancy and STI\u2019s too - many people now associate condoms instinctively with sex. [PAR] Using a condom is also the only means of protecting yourself against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. It is highly advisable to wear one for all penetrative sexual contact, whether vaginal or anal. The use of condoms may have the added benefit of protecting women against cervical cancer."
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    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Decade in the Life of Thompson Twins - The Eighties Club A Decade in the Life of Thompson Twins [PAR] A Decade in the Life [PAR] of [PAR] Thompson Twins [PAR] Joe Leeway, Alannah Currie, Tom Bailey (1983) [PAR] In 1977, aspiring classical pianist Tom Bailey (b. 6.18.57, Halifax, Yorkshire), joined forces with guitarists Peter Dodd and John Roog and drummer Chris Bell to form a band called Thompson Twins (after a pair of identical detectives in the cartoon Tin Tin.) Moving to London in 1978, the quartet diligently played the club scene for two years. By the time the 1980s rolled around, they were ready to take their shot at the singles charts. In time, percussionists Joe Leeway (b. 11.15.57, London) and Alannah Currie (b. 9.20.59, Auckland, New Zealand) would join Bailey, while Dodd, Roog and Bell would leave the band. When, in the mid-Eighties, the Thompson Twins became an international success it consisted of the trio of Bailey, Currie and Leeway. The band, according to Currie, strove to \"make something completely different . . . using technology.\" At the time, many purists scoffed at the nation that \"good\" music could be made with machines. The Thompson Twins proved the skeptics wrong -- and became the leading purveyors of synth-pop. They were innovative, mixing dance, pop, reggae and dance elements with experimental sounds to produce a string of distinctive hit singles that were not only commercially successful but were also critically acclaimed. Daring to be different not only in their music but also in appearance, they became heroes to disaffected youth in the process. [PAR] May 1980 [PAR] Thompson Twin's first single, \"Squares And Triangles\" is released on its own independent label (Dirty Discs). [PAR] November 1980 [PAR] Independent label Latent releases \"She's In Love With Mystery,\" which tops UK independent chart. Tom Bailey begins dating Alannah Currie. [PAR] February 1981 [PAR] The band signs with Arista Records in the UK. [PAR] June 1981 [PAR] The band's debut album, A Product Of..., is recorded. [PAR] March 1982 [PAR] Set climbs to UK#48, while the single \"In The Name Of Love\" soars to #1 on the US dance chart. The album is released as In The Name Of Love in the US, and stalls at US#148. [PAR] April 1982 [PAR] Bell, Dodd, Roog and bassist Matthew Seligman are fired, leaving the Thompson Twins consisting of the trio of Bailey, Currie and former roadie Joe Leeway. [PAR] October 1982 [PAR] \"Lies\" peaks at UK#67, and will reach US#30 in March of the following year; supported by Tears for Fears, the band embarks on an extensive UK tour. [PAR] January 1983 [PAR] \"Love On Your Side\" makes it to UK#9. In a few months it will climb to #45 on the US singles chart. [PAR] March 1983 [PAR] Quick Step & Side Kick peaks at UK#2. Released as Side Kicks in the US, it will spend 25 weeks on the album chart, reaching the #34 spot. [PAR] April 1983 [PAR] Currie's vocals are featured for the first time on the single \"We Are Detective,\" which hits UK#7. [PAR] November 1983 [PAR] \"Hold Me Now\" climbs to UK#4. Six months later, it peaks at US #3. [PAR] February 1984 [PAR] \"Doctor Doctor\" soars to UK#3. Into The Gap hits the top spot on the UK album chart and stay there for three weeks; it will spend over a year on the US chart, peaking at #10. In October it will be certified platinum by the RIAA. [PAR] March 1984 [PAR] \"You Take Me Up\" makes it to UK#2. It will"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fierce Creatures: Amazon.ca: Video Fierce Creatures: Amazon.ca: Video [PAR] Fierce Creatures [PAR] 2 new from CDN$ 14.41 6 used from CDN$ 4.99 [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Amazon.ca [PAR] Never one to play by the rules, Monty Python alumnus John Cleese reunited the cast of A Fish Called Wanda for this farce about a multinational corporation's attempt to turn a public London zoo into a moneymaking concern. \"It's not a sequel, it's an equal,\" explained producer-screenwriter-star Cleese, for the actors play completely different characters. Cleese stars as a military veteran turned ruthless corporate hatchet man sent by Australian media baron Kevin Kline to drum up business in the zoo. His plan: the \"fierce creatures\" policy, in which the zoo keeps only the most dangerous specimens (much to the frustration of the zookeepers). But Cleese soon finds himself up against an ambitious manager (Jamie Lee Curtis) and the owner's overanxious but dim son (Kevin Kline again), all working at cross-purposes and generally creating havoc. Perhaps it's not the equal to the hilarious Fish Called Wanda, but the stars overcome the convoluted plot with terrific comic performances and the film lands its share of comic zingers. Anyway, who wants their comedy safe? --Sean Axmaker [PAR] Special Features [PAR] --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] By charlene chambers on Oct. 6 2014 [PAR] Format: DVD [PAR] One of my favourite comedies. Same cast as \"A Fish Called Wanda\" (also an excellent comedy) but completely different movie. You do NOT have to see one to see another. John Cleese, Kevin Kline & Jamie Lee Curtis are just 3 of MANY A List celebs that do an incredible job & play off one another so well I'm not surprised that they got them all back together to do this movie! If you're looking for a good laugh, this movie will not disappoint! VERY well written & side splitting comedy. [PAR] Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again. [PAR] By Oldprof on Sept. 5 2016 [PAR] Format: DVD Verified Purchase [PAR] This is a very sad (and unnecessary) \"repeat\" of the previous original, funny and very watchable Cleese comedy \"A Fish Called Wanda\". The new cast includes many of the UK's best comedians in small cameo roles, some not funny at all, although clearly intended to be droll. It just didn't work. [PAR] I can only assume that this was cashing in on the reputation of the earlier venture. [PAR] Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Sending feedback... [PAR] Thank you for your feedback. [PAR] Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again. [PAR] By impitbosshereonlevel2 on March 3 2002 [PAR] Format: DVD [PAR] I won't compare this movie to Wanda, I promise. But while Fierce creatures has many hilarious moments, that doesn't really help classify it as a 4 star movie - 3.5 at the most. [PAR] My main problem is that most of the jokes simply seem too weak - I find this hard to explain, other than trying to compare it with Oscar - both have funny moments, but most of the humor simply falls flat. [PAR] And while I promised to leave Wanda out of this, I must say that had I rented this movie first, and had it not been a \"sequel\" to one of the funniest comedies, I would not have bought it (even though I'm a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Horse Mythology: Types of Mythical Horses - Liza Phoenix Horse Mythology: Types of Mythical Horses [PAR] Creatures by Type : Horses (fabulous) [PAR] Overview - Legendary creatures related to horses. [PAR] Cartazonon - A beautiful orange creature that resembles a horse with a lionish mane and a single horn growing from it's forehead. [PAR] Ceffyl-Dwr - A flying water horse related to the fairy. (Welsh) [PAR] Centaur - A creature with the head and torso of a man and the lower body of a horse. (Greek) [PAR] Each Uisge - A supernatural water horse that feeds on human flesh. (Scottish, Irish) [PAR] Hippocampus - A creature with an upper body that resembles a horse and a dolphin-like lower body. (Greek) [PAR] Hippogriff - A beast with a head and front legs of an eagle while the rest of its body is that of a horse. (Greek) [PAR] Ichthyocentaur - A being that appears to have the upper body of a human, the forelegs of a horse or lion, and the tail of a dolphin. (Greek, Roman) [PAR] Ipotanes - A being that resembles a human with the ears, tail, and legs of a horse. (Greek) [PAR] Karkadann - A carnivorous unicorn found in the desert regions of North Africa and India. (African, Indian) [PAR] Kelpie - A supernatural water horse found near lakes and rivers in Scotland. (Scottish) [PAR] Kimpurushas - A servant spirt the resembles a horse with a human head. (Hindu) [PAR] Nix - A shapeshifter that can appear as a human, horse, snake, fish, or mermaid. (German) [PAR] Noggle - A small grey horse with supernatural powers. (Celtic) [PAR] Pegasus - A creature that resembles a horse with wings. (Greek) [PAR] Phooka - A pitch black being with glowing red eyes. Takes the shape of a horse, dog, or giant bird. (Irish) [PAR] Sileni - A bipedal being that appears human form the waist up and horse from the waist down. (Greek) [PAR] Unicorn - A horse-like creature with a single spiral horn growing from its forehead. (Prevalent) [PAR] Unipeg - A winged horse-like creature with a single spiral horn growing from its forehead. [PAR] Xanthus - The name of an immortal horse with the power of speech. (Greek)[DOC] [TLE] Mythical monsters - Greek Gods, Mythology of Ancient Greece Mythical monsters - Greek Gods, Mythology of Ancient Greece [PAR] Mythical monsters [PAR] Mythical monsters [PAR] Mythical monsters [PAR] Greek myths include many monstrous beings. Some resemble hybrids between different species, while others are of the same species but having un-natural extra heads or limbs. There are also some un-dead monsters, such as ghosts and demons. [PAR] Centaurs - a race of half-man, half-horse beings. They were usually depicted with the upper body of a man and lower body of a horse. Most famous was Chiron, the eldest and wisest of the Centaurs. He was also the ancient trainer of heroes. [PAR] Cerberus - a three-headed monstrous hound that guarded the gates of Hades. It was there to prevent anyone from escaping the underworld. Heracles captured it in his final labor and, with the consent of Hades , brought it back before Eurystheus. [PAR] Cercopes - monkey-like thieves who plagued the land of Lydia in western Anatolia. They were punished for their crime by Zeus who transformed them into pure monkeys. [PAR] Charybdis - a sea monster which swallowed large amounts of water, forming a deadly whirlpool. It was later rationalised just as whirlpool. It was encountered by Odysseus in the Odyssey and previously by Jason and the Argonauts, when they were returning back to Iolcos."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All About Spiders - Types of Spiders, Life Cycle, etc. All About Spiders - Types of Spiders, Life Cycle, etc. [PAR] All About Spiders [PAR] Spider Killer [PAR] What are Spiders? [PAR] Spiders are the invertebrate predator specialist of the animal kingdom. In comparison to their cousins the insects who make up over 89% if the arthropods, spiders rank second coming, in at around 6.6%. The lack of speciation in the Araneae order does not hinder these predators from inhabiting every known ecosystem inhabited by other arthropods. Spiders are masters of the hunt, camouflage, tricksters, and trappers. Hunting any invertebrate or small vertebrate prey they encounter, even other spiders. [PAR] The arachnids encompass respectively over 40,000 identified species worldwide, in which 3,400 species call North America their home. Spiders have eight legs, two body regions, and anywhere from two to as many as eight eyes. Sizes vary from family to family, as small as 1mm to 70mm or larger. [PAR] Spider Taxonomy [PAR] This is kingdom of all animals on the planet or the multicellular complex organism group [PAR] Phylum: Arthropoda [PAR] This is the phylum of the invertebrates, or no bones [PAR] They have exoskeletons, segments, and joints [PAR] Order: Araneae (Spiders) [PAR] In the order there are over 40,000 species of spider worldwide [PAR] 3,400 of them are found in North America [PAR] Order: Opiliones [PAR] The order of the Harvestmen, and also known as the daddy long legs [PAR] These are not spiders but close relatives [PAR] There are 5,000 worldwide and 235 are native to North America [PAR] Suborder Mygalomorphae [PAR] Tarantula, trapdoor, purseweb, and funnelweb spiders [PAR] Suborder Araneomorphae [PAR] Known as the true spider order [PAR] Class: Chelicerata [PAR] Spider History [PAR] Where Do Spiders Come From? [PAR] The spider has a worldwide reputation. Spiders are perceived with mixed emotions, from being unwelcome, feared, loved, or respected throughout many cultures. The first spider to walk the earth was believed to be in the Triassic period. The period dates back to over 200 million years ago. Spider mythology tales have been told in cultures throughout history on the arachnid class. The Greeks told a story of a young foolish girl who challenged the great goddess Athena to a weaving contest. The girls name was Arachne. Athena made a marvelous spun master piece but it still fell short in comparison to the sheer perfection and detail of the young Arachne\u2019s creation. In anger, the goddess punished the girl, turning her into a spider to live the remaining years of her life spinning. [PAR] The Native Americans also told stories involving the spider. The Navajo Indians spoke of a spider woman that taught the women of the tribe to weave. As for the Pueblo tribe, they spoke of a spider woman at creation. The Cherokee believed that the spider brought fire to their people. Spiders are also believed to have weaved dream catchers. The catcher caught the good dreams of life based on Sioux Indian tales. [PAR] Tales stretch the African cultures as well, speaking of the spider as the \u201cAnansi,\u201d meaning trickster. The spider was also seen as a source of inspirations by some cultures. The spider was a well-known and respected creature over the years. [PAR] Spiders are far less diverse in habits and morphology in comparison to the insects. Those facts aside, the order of spiders still inhabit all of the same terrestrial environments. Where there are other arthropods, spiders with be there to prey on them. The diversity of spiders can be noticed in the unique behaviors, mimicry, intricate webs, dwellings,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Raging Bull (1980) - IMDb Raging Bull (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] An emotionally self-destructive boxer's journey through life, as the violence and temper that leads him to the top in the ring destroys his life outside it. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Jake LaMotta (based on the book by) (as Jake La Motta), Joseph Carter (with) | 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 18 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 04 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 09 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 11 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 06 Sep 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Raging Bull \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 22 wins & 24 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small industrial town in Pennsylvania. [PAR] Director: Michael Cimino [PAR] A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] A former Prohibition-era Jewish gangster returns to the Lower East Side of Manhattan over thirty years later, where he once again must confront the ghosts and regrets of his old life. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] A small-time hood struggles with a moral crisis regarding his friends, family, business, and his conflicting religious beliefs. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his self-respect. [PAR] Director: John G."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Football | Gerrard named player of the year BBC SPORT | Football | Gerrard named player of the year [PAR] Gerrard named player of the year [PAR] It is the first time Gerrard has won the prestigous award [PAR] Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard has claimed the Professional Footballers' Association Player of the Year award. [PAR] It is the first time the 25-year-old has been named player of the year by his peers, although he was Young Player of the Year in 2001. [PAR] Gerrard, who a day earlier helped Liverpool win their FA Cup semi-final, said: \"I am still in shock. [PAR] \"To go through to another FA Cup final and win this special award in the same weekend is fantastic for me.\" [PAR] Wayne Rooney, the 20-year-old Manchester United striker, won the PFA Young Player of the Year award for the second successive season. [PAR] PFA PLAYER OF THE YEAR [PAR] 1996: Les Ferdinand (Newcastle) [PAR] 2000: Roy Keane (Man Utd) [PAR] 2001: Teddy Sheringham (Man Utd) [PAR] 2002: Ruud van Nistelrooy (Man Utd) [PAR] 2003: Thierry Henry (Arsenal) [PAR] 2005: John Terry (Chelsea) [PAR] 2006: Steven Gerrard (Liverpool) [PAR] Rooney had been a contender for the senior player of the year prize - along with Gerrard, Arsenal striker Thierry Henry and the Chelsea trio Joe Cole, Frank Lampard and John Terry, who won last year. [PAR] Gerrard was third in last season's vote but then went on to guide the Reds to Champions League victory against AC Milan in Istanbul. [PAR] Players receive two votes and Gerrard revealed that he had voted for Henry and England team-mate Rooney. [PAR] Manchester United star Rooney said he was pleased to again pick up the young player prize. [PAR] \"To win it twice on the run is a great honour and I am delighted with the award,\" Rooney said. [PAR] He beat off competition from Charlton striker Darren Bent, team-mate Cristiano Ronaldo, Tottenham's Aaron Lennon, Arsenal midfielder Cesc Fabregas and West Ham defender Anton Ferdinand. [PAR] Rooney added: \"I voted for Fabregas, but it was close between him and Darren Bent.\" [PAR] PFA YOUNG PLAYER OF THE YEAR [PAR] 1996: Robbie Fowler (Liverpool) [PAR] 2005: Wayne Rooney (Manchester Utd) [PAR] 2006: Wayne Rooney (Manchester Utd) [PAR] It was no surprise that champions Chelsea had the most players named in the Premiership Team of the Year in the shape of John Terry, William Gallas, Joe Cole and Frank Lampard. [PAR] Newcastle's Shay Given was picked in goal while Wigan full-back Pascal Chimbonda was also included after a solid season for Paul Jewell's side. [PAR] But Wigan star Chimbonda fears it has come too late to land him a place in France's World Cup squad. [PAR] He said: \"I have not given up hope. The window is still open, but the manager tends to look at the bigger players at the bigger clubs. [PAR] \"Maybe he did not think Wigan would do as well as they have, so in that respect it will hardly be a surprise if I don't make it. [PAR] \"But it's such a big honour. To make it into the PFA team means it has been a fantastic season, with a lot of pleasure derived from the fact the team have stayed up. [PAR] \"To do so well has been a massive surprise. I was expecting a battle against relegation, so the way the season has gone, it has been far beyond my expectations.\" [PAR] Player of the Year: [PAR] Young Player of the Year: [PAR] Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) [PAR] Premiership Team of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Game Winners: Brian Deane\u2019s Premiere Premier League Goal Game Winners: Brian Deane\u2019s Premiere Premier League Goal | Made Man [PAR] Mademan \u203a Entertainment \u203a Sports \u203a Pro Sports \u203a Soccer \u203a Game Winners: Brian Deane\u2019s Premiere Premier League Goal [PAR] Game Winners: Brian Deane\u2019s Premiere Premier League Goal [PAR] Back in 1992, Brian Deane scored the first goal in England\u2019s hallowed Premier League. We asked him about it, the team he now coaches and the World Cup. [PAR] Facebook Twitter Stumble Google+ Save [PAR] From 1985 to 2006, Brian Deane was a journeyman English striker who netted 195 goals for nine professional soccer teams in three countries. He played for storied clubs like Leeds United, West Ham and Benfica, and he even appeared for his country three times. [PAR] But without a doubt, his most famous day on a soccer field occurred on August 15, 1992. The top division in English soccer had broken away from its previous governing body and rebranded itself the FA Premier League in an attempt to make more money off TV rights, and nine games began that day at the same time to kick off the league. Deane, playing for Sheffield United, headed home a goal in the fifth minute against Manchester United, making him the first player to score in the Premier League\u2014what is now the most-watched soccer league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. [PAR] With the 2014 FIFA World Cup in full swing, we tracked down Deane in Norway, where he is now the coach of Sarpsborg 08 in the top Norwegian league, to ask about his finest hour. [PAR] \u201cIf you\u2019re going to score the first goal in the Premier League, I suppose you better have scored it against Man United.\u201d [PAR] Going into the first day of games of the FA Premier League, was everyone aware that the player who scored the first goal would be a big deal? [PAR] Ha ha, I think at the time, we knew that there was a structural change to the league. And obviously, you always want to get off on the right foot. And not only myself but people like Ian Wright, Alan Shearer, Les Ferdinand and Teddy Sheringham would have been thinking about being the first person to do that. I had a pretty decent record on the opening day of the season, so I was quite confident going in that I would score. I didn\u2019t know for sure that I would get the first goal, but it was a nice surprise when I found that out. [PAR] Can you describe the goal? [PAR] We were playing Manchester United at home. Whenever we played Manchester, we always decided to attack them rather than sit back, and that game was no different. We ended up with a throw-in on the right-hand side as we were attacking the Kop Stand. Carl Bradshaw lined up to take a long throw-in. Alan Cork flicked it on and I managed to get in between Gary Pallister and Peter Schmeichel. And the rest is history, I suppose, as they say. [PAR] Those are two pretty good guys to get in between. [PAR] Two big guys, a couple of legends. I ended up playing with Gary at Middlesbrough. And obviously at the time, Schmeichel was perhaps one of the best goalkeepers in the world. So from that point of view, it was very satisfying. [PAR] You also scored the second goal of the game, which turned out to be the game-winner. On a penalty kick. [PAR] Yeah,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Premier League Top Scorers | Most Premier League Goals Premier League Top Scorers | Most Premier League Goals [PAR] Barrie 25 May, 2012 Best of SL , English Premier League , Football Stats , Lists [PAR] Who are the the all time Premier League top scorers? Which Premier League players have scored 100 goals or more? Who has scored the most goals in each Premier League season? And who is the top Premier League scorer this season? [PAR] Below we\u2019ve answered all of the above questions \u2013 all players in the Premier League 100 club, the golden boot winners from previous Premier League seasons and the goalscoring charts from the most recent (2013/2014) Premier League season. [PAR] The top five Premier League goal scorers get their own little write up and a link to video of their goals. Everyone outside of that gets just their name, the clubs they played and scored for (or club, in the case of Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs and Matt LeTissier) and, of course, their total number of Premier League goals. [PAR] You can also jump directly to the Premier League Golden Boot winners and Most Premier League goals this season sections. [PAR] Premier League Top Scorers This Season [PAR] All Time Premier League Top Scorers [PAR] The top ten all time Premier League top scorers are: [PAR] 1. Alan Shearer: 260 goals in 434 appearances [PAR] 2. Andy Cole: 187 goals in 408 appearances [PAR] 2. Wayne Rooney: 187 goals in 374 appearances * [PAR] 4. Frank Lampard: 177 goals in 586 appearances [PAR] 5. Thierry Henry: 175 goals in 258 appearances [PAR] 6. Robbie Fowler: 163 goals in 375 appearances [PAR] 7. Michael Owen: 163 goals in 362 appearances [PAR] 8. Les Ferdinand: 150 goals in 347 appearances [PAR] 9. Teddy Sheringham: 147 goals in 407 appearances [PAR] 10. Robin van Persie: 144 goals in 314 appearances [PAR] *Still playing [PAR] \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014- [PAR] ALAN SHEARER: Blackburn (1992-1996), Newcastle (1996-2006) [PAR] Alan Shearer, OBE, was born on 13th August 1970. Having started his career at Southampton, he went on to become one of the most prolific scorers of all time with Blackburn and his beloved Newcastle. [PAR] Great in the air, predatory from close range and deadly from distance, Shearer was at one time the complete striker. A series of knee injuries robbed him of some pace, but Shearer adapted his game in his later years and continued to find the net. [PAR] After the first ten years of the Premier League, Shearer was named as the outstanding player of the decade. He is also listed in the FIFA 100 greatest living footballers. [PAR] Shearer played 63 times for England, scoring 30 goals. He captained the side on 34 occasions. [PAR] Now working as a pundit on BBC television\u2019s Match of the Day, Shearer had a brief spell as Newcastle United manager in 2008/9, when he took charge for the last eight games but was unable to save the club from relegation. [PAR] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqkfzH7A8Ow [PAR] [PAR] ANDY COLE: Newcastle (1993-95), Manchester Utd (1995-2001), Blackburn (2001-04), Fulham (2004-05), Man City (2005-06), Portsmouth (2006-07), Birmingham (2007), Sunderland (2007-08) [PAR] Andy Cole, or Andrew Cole, as he now prefers to be called was born on 15th October 1971. He began his career with Arsenal, but played just one game before moving to Bristol City. His goal scoring exploits for The Robins caught the attention of Kevin Keegan at Newcastle, who signed the striker in 1993. Cole partnered Peter Beardsley, won the First Division and continued scoring in the Premier League for he following two seasons."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1994 95 in english football : definition of 1994 95 in ... 1994 95 in english football : definition of 1994 95 in english football and synonyms of 1994 95 in english football (English) [PAR] Overview [PAR] Premiership [PAR] Blackburn Rovers ended their 81-year wait for the league title thanks to the strike partnership of Alan Shearer and Chris Sutton which scored a total of more than 50 league goals. Manchester United would have made it three league titles in a row if they had been able to turn a 1-1 draw with West Ham United into a win on the final day of the season. Newly promoted Nottingham Forest finished third and qualified for the UEFA Cup along with fourth placed Liverpool (also League Cup winners) and fifth placed Leeds United . [PAR] After this season the Premier League would be reduced to 20 clubs, so there would be four relegation places this time round. They were occupied by Crystal Palace , Norwich City (who had narrowly missed out on the league title two years earlier), Leicester City and Ipswich Town . [PAR] Division One [PAR] The streamlining of the Premier League meant that just two clubs would be promoted from Division One in 1995. Middlesbrough won the Division One title in their first season under Bryan Robson , while Reading were the club that were to fail to win promotion despite finishing second in the table. Instead, they competed in the playoffs , losing to Bolton Wanderers in the final, who achieved their second promotion in three years under Bruce Rioch - as well as being League Cup runners-up. [PAR] 1995 saw four clubs relegated from Division One - Swindon Town (relegated for the second straight season), Burnley , Bristol City and Notts County . Sunderland narrowly avoided the drop following the arrival of enthusiastic new manager Peter Reid , who over the next few years would bring dramatic improvements to the Wearsiders. [PAR] Division Two [PAR] There would only be two promotion places in Division Two for 1994-95. They were occupied by champions Birmingham City and playoff winners Huddersfield Town , both enjoying success after seasons of disappointment. [PAR] Going down were Cambridge United , Plymouth Argyle , Cardiff City , Chester City and Leyton Orient [PAR] Division Three [PAR] This season saw three clubs go up from Division Three instead of four clubs. They were champions Carlisle United , runners-up Walsall and playoff winners Chesterfield . [PAR] Exeter City , who almost went out of business in mid-season, finished bottom of Division Three but kept their league status because Conference champions Macclesfield Town were unable to meet the league's stadium capacity requirements. [PAR] Successful players [PAR] Alan Shearer was the English league's top scorer with 34 Premiership goals for champions Blackburn Rovers. [PAR] 20-year-old Robbie Fowler collected a League Cup winner's medal with Liverpool as well as the PFA Young Player of the Year award, following another season of strong goalscoring, and team mate Steve McManaman capped the cup final with a man of the match display in a season where he charted 20 assists in the league. [PAR] Peter Schmeichel established himself as a world-class goalkeeper by conceding just 4 goals in 18 home Premiership fixtures with Manchester United . [PAR] Stan Collymore scored 22 Premiership goals for Nottingham Forest and was soon on his way to Liverpool for an English record fee of \u00a38.4million. [PAR] Experienced Scottish striker John Hendrie was the driving force in Middlesbrough's return to the Premiership after a two-year absence. [PAR] 36-year-old Tranmere Rovers striker John Aldridge was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Football Facts & Stats | All-Time Premier League Statistics My Football Facts & Stats | All-Time Premier League Statistics [PAR] All-Time Top 100 Premier League goalscorers [PAR] from Season 1992-93 to 2016-17. [PAR] PREMIER LEAGUE [PAR] Despite significant European success during the 1970s, the 1980s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition following the events at Heysel in 1985. The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad. However, by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup , reaching the semi-finals. [PAR] UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990. The Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January of that year. [PAR] Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received \u00a36.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to \u00a344m over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a \"super league\", but were eventually persuaded to stay. As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the country's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport. At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal for the establishment of a new league was tabled that would bring more money into the game overall. [PAR] The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League. The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from the Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League license to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. This was considered necessary so that English clubs could once again compete with and beat the best of Europe, while attracting the best talent in the world, something which in 1991 seemed practically unthinkable. In 1992 the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. [PAR] This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three.There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained on the same terms as between the old First and Second Divisions. The number of clubs in the Premier League decreased from 22 in 1992-93 to just 20 three seasons later. It has remained at 20 clubs since season 1995-96. [PAR] Only five of those 40 clubs have won the Premier League title - Manchester United, Chelsea, Arsenal, Blackburn & manchester City. The 2009-10 Premier League title was won by Chelsea by one point from Manchester United. Chelsea's goals scored total"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HERE'S A FEW MORE FIRSTS - Mirror Online HERE'S A FEW MORE FIRSTS - Mirror Online [PAR] News [PAR] HERE'S A FEW MORE FIRSTS [PAR] ERIC CANTONA was the first player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League, when Leeds Utd beat Tottenham 5-0 on August 15 1992. [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] ERIC CANTONA was the first player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League, when Leeds Utd beat Tottenham 5-0 on August 15 1992. [PAR] EFAN EKOKU of Norwich City was the first player to score four goals in one Premier League match. [PAR] ANDYCOLE was the first player to score five goals in a Premiership match, for Manchester United v Ipswich in the 1994/95 season. The final score was 9-0, which is also a Premiership record for the biggest victory/defeat. [PAR] LES FERDINAND scored the Premiership's 10,000th goal in Tottenham's 4-0 win over Fulham in December 2001. [PAR] THE OLDEST PLAYER to play in the Premiership was Manchester City goalkeeper John Burridge who was 43 years, 4 months and 26 days when he came on as a half time substitute for Manchester City v Newcastle United on April 29, 1995. [PAR] TOTTENHAM goalkeeper Erik Thorstvedt became the first Premier League substitute when he replaced Ian Walker in the first Premiership season in 1992. [PAR] SWINDON TOWN were the first team to concede 100 Premiership goals iwhen they were relegated in 1993/94. [PAR] Like us on Facebook[DOC] [TLE] Football Day by Day - August Football Day by Day - August [PAR] August [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Football is a 365 day a year game. A day by day reminder of some of the famous, record-breaking or bizarre things that have happened in the month of August over the years. [PAR] Index [PAR] [PAR] Football On This Day \u2013 1st August 1996 [PAR] Women\u2019s football finally found its place in world football with the final of the first Olympic women\u2019s football tournament - hosts USA beat China 2-1 in front of 76,489 to take gold. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Football On This Day \u2013 2nd August 1999 [PAR] \u2018Le Sulk\u2019 was on his way from Highbury, Nicolas Anelka moving to Real Madrid in return for Davor \u0160uker and around \u00a320m. But Arsenal\u2019s big transfer news was to come the following day\u2026.. [PAR] Football On This Day \u2013 2nd August 2014 [PAR] Despite a poor 2013/14 Manchester United helped set a new record on a pre-season tour of the USA at the start of the 2014/15 season. The crowd of 109,318 for their match against Real Madrid at the Michigan Stadium (nicknamed the Big House) was the record for a football match \u2013 sorry, \u2018soccer\u2019 match \u2013 in the United States\u2026.and United won 3-1. The previous record was 101,799 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena when France beat Brazil to take gold in the 1984 Olympic final. [PAR] [PAR] Football On This Day \u2013 3rd August 1999 [PAR] Thierry Henry joins Arsenal from Juventus for \u00a311m \u2013 Ars\u00e8ne Wenger\u2019s best Arsenal signing? [PAR] 4th August [PAR] [PAR] Football On This Day \u2013 4th August 1938 [PAR] Welsh International Bryn Jones joined Arsenal from Wolves for a fee of a little over \u00a313,000. It was a British record fee at the time but only got a brief mention in the national papers - a far cry from the column inches given to the moves of Gareth Bale or Cristiano Ronaldo! [PAR] Football On This Day \u2013 4th"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the English Premier League - SuperSport - Football History of the English Premier League - SuperSport - Football [PAR] History of the English Premier League [PAR] William McGregor statue \u00a9 Action Images [PAR] What is now known as the English Premier League has its roots in an earlier league, called the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888. [PAR] The Football League, also known as the npower Football League for sponsorship reasons, is a league competition featuring professional association football clubs from England and Wales. [PAR] Founded in 1888, it is the oldest such competition in world football. It was the top level football league in England from its foundation until 1992. [PAR] Since 1995 it has had 72 clubs evenly divided into three divisions, which are currently known as The Championship, League One and League Two. Promotion and relegation between these divisions is a central feature of the League and is further extended to allow the top Championship clubs to exchange places with the lowest placed clubs in the Premier League. [PAR] A director of Aston Villa, William McGregor, was the first to set out to bring some order to a chaotic world where clubs arranged their own fixtures. On March 2, 1888, he wrote to the committee of his own club, Aston Villa, as well as to those of Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Preston North End and West Bromwich Albion, suggesting the creation of a league competition that would provide a number of guaranteed fixtures for its member clubs each season. [PAR] The first meeting was held at Anderson's Hotel in London on March 23, 1888, on the eve of the FA Cup Final. The Football League was formally created and named in Manchester at a further meeting on April 17 at the Royal Hotel. [PAR] In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League to take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal and on May 27, 1992, the Premier League as we know it today was formed. [PAR] This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. [PAR] There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained on the same terms as between the old First and Second Divisions. [PAR] The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. [PAR] A total of 43 clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992 until the end of the 2009/10 season. Two other clubs (Luton Town and Notts County) were signatories to the original agreement that created the Premier League, but were relegated prior to the inaugural Premier League season and have not subsequently returned to the top flight. [PAR] Seven clubs have been members of the Premier League for every season since its inception. This group is composed of Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. [PAR] Due to insistence by Fifa that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. [PAR] On"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All-Time Premier League Top Scorers - Soccerlens Premier League Top Scorers | Most Premier League Goals [PAR] Barrie 25 May, 2012 Best of SL , English Premier League , Football Stats , Lists [PAR] Who are the the all time Premier League top scorers? Which Premier League players have scored 100 goals or more? Who has scored the most goals in each Premier League season? And who is the top Premier League scorer this season? [PAR] Below we\u2019ve answered all of the above questions \u2013 all players in the Premier League 100 club, the golden boot winners from previous Premier League seasons and the goalscoring charts from the most recent (2013/2014) Premier League season. [PAR] The top five Premier League goal scorers get their own little write up and a link to video of their goals. Everyone outside of that gets just their name, the clubs they played and scored for (or club, in the case of Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs and Matt LeTissier) and, of course, their total number of Premier League goals. [PAR] You can also jump directly to the Premier League Golden Boot winners and Most Premier League goals this season sections. [PAR] Premier League Top Scorers This Season [PAR] All Time Premier League Top Scorers [PAR] The top ten all time Premier League top scorers are: [PAR] 1. Alan Shearer: 260 goals in 434 appearances [PAR] 2. Andy Cole: 187 goals in 408 appearances [PAR] 2. Wayne Rooney: 187 goals in 374 appearances * [PAR] 4. Frank Lampard: 177 goals in 586 appearances [PAR] 5. Thierry Henry: 175 goals in 258 appearances [PAR] 6. Robbie Fowler: 163 goals in 375 appearances [PAR] 7. Michael Owen: 163 goals in 362 appearances [PAR] 8. Les Ferdinand: 150 goals in 347 appearances [PAR] 9. Teddy Sheringham: 147 goals in 407 appearances [PAR] 10. Robin van Persie: 144 goals in 314 appearances [PAR] *Still playing [PAR] \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014- [PAR] ALAN SHEARER: Blackburn (1992-1996), Newcastle (1996-2006) [PAR] Alan Shearer, OBE, was born on 13th August 1970. Having started his career at Southampton, he went on to become one of the most prolific scorers of all time with Blackburn and his beloved Newcastle. [PAR] Great in the air, predatory from close range and deadly from distance, Shearer was at one time the complete striker. A series of knee injuries robbed him of some pace, but Shearer adapted his game in his later years and continued to find the net. [PAR] After the first ten years of the Premier League, Shearer was named as the outstanding player of the decade. He is also listed in the FIFA 100 greatest living footballers. [PAR] Shearer played 63 times for England, scoring 30 goals. He captained the side on 34 occasions. [PAR] Now working as a pundit on BBC television\u2019s Match of the Day, Shearer had a brief spell as Newcastle United manager in 2008/9, when he took charge for the last eight games but was unable to save the club from relegation. [PAR] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqkfzH7A8Ow [PAR] [PAR] ANDY COLE: Newcastle (1993-95), Manchester Utd (1995-2001), Blackburn (2001-04), Fulham (2004-05), Man City (2005-06), Portsmouth (2006-07), Birmingham (2007), Sunderland (2007-08) [PAR] Andy Cole, or Andrew Cole, as he now prefers to be called was born on 15th October 1971. He began his career with Arsenal, but played just one game before moving to Bristol City. His goal scoring exploits for The Robins caught the attention of Kevin Keegan at Newcastle, who signed the striker in 1993. Cole partnered Peter Beardsley, won the First Division and continued scoring in the Premier League for he following two seasons. [PAR] He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ranking the 24 Players Who Have Scored 100 Premier League ... Ranking the 24 Players Who Have Scored 100 Premier League Goals | Bleacher Report [PAR] Ranking the 24 Players Who Have Scored 100 Premier League Goals [PAR] By Mark Jones , Featured Columnist [PAR] Dec 5, 2015 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Clive Brunskill/Getty Images [PAR] 59 [PAR] Comments [PAR] If he manages to score four more Premier League goals, then Stoke City's Peter Crouch will join and expand an exclusive club. [PAR] Presuming that no-one else gets there before him (and Sergio Aguero is the next closest player currently in the division on 85), then Crouch will become the 25th player to have netted 100 goals in the Premier League since its move to its current form in 1992. [PAR] But what about the other 24? [PAR] We know how many goals they scored, but who were the best players amongst them? [PAR] You're bound to have your own opinions, but here's one take on it. [PAR] Jamie McDonald/Getty Images [PAR] Goals: 106 [PAR] Ask anyone to name the 24 players on this list, and it might be a while before they come to Darren Bent. [PAR] One of five players in our list to have scored his goals for six different clubs, the former Ipswich, Charlton, Tottenham, Sunderland, Aston Villa and Fulham forward was always a fairly reliable goalscorer who managed to pick up 13 England caps (scoring four goals), but concerns over his linkup play meant that he was never really considered a top-quality forward. [PAR] Now 31, Bent is challenging for promotion back to the Premier League with Derby County these days. [PAR] Ben Radford/Getty Images [PAR] Goals: 111 [PAR] Goals in the lower leagues at Cambridge United brought Dion Dublin to the attention of Alex Ferguson's Manchester United in 1992, and although it wouldn't quite work out for the big front man at Old Trafford, he would become one of the more recognisable Premier League forwards over the next decade with two different clubs. [PAR] He shared the Golden Boot with Liverpool's Michael Owen and Blackburn's Chris Sutton when in the colours of Coventry City in 1997/98 before moving on to Aston Villa and playing there for six years, helping them to the FA Cup final in 2000. [PAR] Mike Hewitt/Getty Images [PAR] Goals: 110 [PAR] Unfairly derided for much of his career for both club and country, Emile Heskey deserves his place on this list for his hard work and his occasional ability to turn in unstoppable performances. [PAR] After coming through the ranks at Leicester City, it was after an \u00a311 million move to Liverpool in 2000 that we really began to see the best of Heskey, who scored 22 goals in his first full season at Anfield as the Reds won the League Cup, FA Cup and UEFA Cup. [PAR] Being played out of position by Gerard Houllier didn't help his later Liverpool career, however, but he made up his Premier League century with later moves to Birmingham, Wigan and Aston Villa. [PAR] Tony O''Brien/Getty Images [PAR] Goals: 127 [PAR] In scoring for the Mackems, Defoe has relegated Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink to 12th place in the 100-plus list, but the Dutchman just pips the Englishman here thanks to his more exciting style of play. [PAR] One of the division's top forwards in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Hasselbaink possessed a hugely powerful shot and could score from virtually any distance. [PAR] Whilst in the colours of Leeds United, he shared the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Homer Simpson - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Homer Simpson | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Homer Jay Simpson, Sr., [14] also known as Homer Samson, [15] Homie, [16] Home-boy, [17] Colonel Homer , [18] Dancin' Homer , [19] Homer Thompson , [20] Max Power , [21] Cornelius Talmadge , [22] El Homo , and The Pie Man , is the main protagonist of the show and the spouse of Marge Simpson and the father of Bart Simpson , Lisa Simpson , and Maggie Simpson . Homer is overweight, lazy, and often ignorant to the world around him. Although Homer has many flaws he has shown great caring, love, and even bravery to those he cares about. He served as the main protagonist of the TV Series and the the 2007 film . [PAR] Homer works as a low level safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, in Sector 7G , although he is often incompetent and mostly sleeps on duty and eats the donuts that are provided. He spends a great deal of his time at Moe's Tavern with his lifelong friends Barney , Carl , Lenny , and bartender Moe . At his home , he can often be found sitting on the couch mindlessly watching TV while snacking on food and drinking Duff . Homer is the only son of Abe and Mona . [PAR] Homer may just be a normal man but he has had many great achievements and experiences in his life. He's won an academy award, been to space, and has saved Springfield more than once. He also may have some form of superhuman endurance as he's been seriously injured many times but survived. He is named after Matt Groening 's father Homer Groening. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Homer in 1974. [PAR] Homer was raised on the Simpson farm by his parents until they were forced to move out in 1964 due to Homer spooking the cows by jumping out of a bale of hay and scaring them into giving sour milk, causing the bank to foreclose it. At some point during his childhood, Abe (who was in his early forties at the time of Homer's birth) seemed to feed beer to Homer Simpson, but he quit drinking beer until he was older upon Barney 's suggestion after he caused a multi-car pileup in his playschool car. In the late 1960s, while Homer was between nine and twelve years of age, Mona went into hiding following a run-in with the law . However, before she started protesting, she took Homer and her husband to the Woodstock Music Festival, where Homer ended up briefly adopting the Hippie lifestyle (and Abe Simpson attempted to send him off to the Vietnam War as punishment for wanting to be a hippie, but obviously failed, given Homer's age at the time). [PAR] In 1966, Homer along with Lenny , Carl and Moe Szyslak went over to a deep gorge for a nice swim, but the water was drained. When investigating why the lake was reduced to a muddy pit, he stumbled upon a decomposing corpse inside the pipe, greatly traumatizing him and leading to his 'occasional' overeating. [PAR] Homer attended Springfield High School and fell in love with Marge Bouvier in 1974. [23] After high school, Homer and Marge bought an apartment at Springfield Place. During this time, Marge gets a letter accepting her into college. To pay for her tuition, Abe gives Homer a job at Simpson Lazer Tag as well as this, along with Lou , Lenny and Carl , Homer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maggie Simpson - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Maggie Simpson | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Personality [PAR] Despite being the only member of the Simpson Family who can't speak, Maggie is in no way one-dimensional and has many different layers of personality. She appears to be somewhat detached from the rest of the Simpson Family and is described as \"the forgotten Simpson\" by Homer . When she, Bart and Lisa were shipped to a foster home (the Flanders) Maggie was the quickest to adapt and almost joined them until she noticed Marge . Perhaps Maggie's most strained relationship was with her father, Homer but due to his incredible laziness he neglected Maggie and when they do try to bond, Maggie sees her father as a kind of monster and actually tries to run away, she also developed a father-daughter relationship with Moe the bartender but the two still love each other and Maggie has more than once saved Homer's life. Not to mention she said her first word, \"Daddy\" after Homer tucked her in and kissed her goodnight meaning it's clear that she loves him as much as he does her. [PAR] Maggie's strongest relationship was with Marge after being transported to a foster family. Maggie almost joined the Flanders until she saw Marge once again \"and became a Simpson again.\" At the beginning Maggie seemed to rely on Marge and the likewise but eventually she became fiercely independent as she was able to plan a Great Escape-style breakout from a daycare center to get her pacifier back, she was able to save her father from drowning and rescue Homer from a mad tow truck driver. [PAR] Despite being a baby, Maggie is likely to be the most mature member of the Simpson family . However, she keeps her intelligence a secret in order to be babied. This is first revealed when Marge gives her a new pacifier, and when Marge isn't looking she smokes it like a cigarette. [PAR] Even for a child her age, showed extremely violent mannerisms and a surprising amount of physical strength. She was able to lift up a mallet and bludgeon her father with it and accidentally shot Mr. Burns after he blocked out the sun. Maggie showed to be incredibly strong, able to drag a fully-grown man back to the shore and able lift up a shotgun. [PAR] Biography [PAR] When Marge became pregnant with Lisa, she and Homer bought their first home. Seven years later, Homer felt financially secure enough to quit his job at the power plant and take his dream job at Barney's Bowlarama . Soon after, Marge became pregnant with Maggie, and unable to support his new family member, Homer reapplied for his job at the power plant. Homer fell into a deep depression as a result, but when he held Maggie for the first time after she was born he loved her at first sight. He keeps all of Maggie's baby photos in his office to cheer him up at his work place. [PAR] Like average toddlers, Maggie is impressionable and easily influenced by what she sees around her. She once hit Homer on the head with a mallet, (Born 2010) shot a suction dart at his picture and brandished a pencil in imitation of Itchy and Scratchy . Despite her age, Maggie is a formidable sniper [10] and she shot the firearms off a group of mobsters in rapid succession with a rifle. [11] She was behind the attempted murder of Mr. Burns [12] and she fought Gerald"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jazz Articles: Simpsons' Bleeding Gums Murphy Action ... Simpsons' Bleeding Gums Murphy Action Figure - JazzTimes [PAR] By Christopher Porter [PAR] Simpsons\u2018 Bleeding Gums Murphy Action Figure [PAR] Bleeding Gums Murphy, Lisa\u2019s jazz saxophone mentor on The Simpsons, has been immortalized as an \u201caction\u201d figure-though we doubt the rotund Mr. Gums does anything resembling action, especially now that he plays with Bird in heaven\u2019s eternal jam sessions after he died in the \u201c\u2018Round Springfield\u201d episode. [PAR] In that same episode, Lisa Simpson asked Mr. Gums how he got his name: [PAR] \u201cWell, lemme put it this way. You ever been to the dentist?,\u201d he says. [PAR] \u201cYeah,\u201d replies Lisa. [PAR] \u201cNot me, I suppose I should go to one, but I got enough pain in my life as it is.\u201d [PAR] This 5-inch figure, courtesy of Playmates Toys, comes with an alto saxophone and a copy of Bleeding Gums\u2019 lone album, Sax on the Beach. Despite appearing on The Cosby Show a few times as the \u201cjazz-playing grandpa,\u201d Mr. Gums wasn\u2019t able to get very far in his hardscrabble career. He wasn\u2019t able to capitalize on his record release either, having been derailed by a serious addiction to Faberge eggs. In \u201c\u2018Round Springfield,\u201d Mr. Gums is shown begging for one more of the jeweled eggs: [PAR] \u201cSir, don\u2019t you think you\u2019ve had enough?,\u201d says the shopkeeper. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019ll tell you when I\u2019ve had enough,\u201d screams Mr. Gums, who is then shown lying destitute in an alley surrounded by Faberge eggs. [PAR] The jazz life is a difficult one. Be reminded of it daily with this beautiful toy. [PAR] Next News Article[DOC] [TLE] Bleeding Gums Murphy - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Bleeding Gums Murphy | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cThe Blues ain't about feeling better; it's about making other people feel worse.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Bleeding Gums Murphy to Lisa [src] [PAR] Murphy Kenneth \"Bleeding Gums\" Hibbert (January 7, 1936 - April 30, 1995) was the idol and role model of Lisa Simpson . He first appears in the sixth episode of Season 1 , Moaning Lisa . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] A young Bleeding Gums Murphy [PAR] Bleeding Gums learned his musical skills at the feet of Blind Willie Witherspoon. Willie wanted to give Bleeding Gums his saxophone, only to be finally told that it wasn't a saxophone and actually an umbrella, meaning that Willie had actually been playing an umbrella for some thirty years. Bleeding Gums explained to Willie that no one informed him of the mistake because \"we all thought it was funny\". [PAR] Murphy Kenneth \"Bleeding Gums Murphy\" Hibbert recorded only one album, titled Sax on the Beach , which was extremely lucrative for him. However, he soon went broke after spending too much of his money on several Faberg\u00e9 eggs a day. He revealed that he had once made a guest appearance on The Cosby Show in 1986 as the Huxtable children's grandfather, as well as appearing on Steve Allen's Tonight Show. [1] [PAR] Bleeding Gums on the Cosby Show. [PAR] Murphy makes his first appearance playing his saxophone on a bridge in the middle of the night. This is a reference to Sonny Rollins, the great saxophonist, who famously retired from public and was not seen for three years, until a journalist discovered him playing the saxophone alone on the Williamsburg Bridge. [PAR] Bleeding Gums was a mentor to Lisa Simpson until his early death. He played and vocalized a song written by Lisa. It pleased Lisa to see the performance of her own jazz song in the bar \""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leftorium - The Simpsons Leftorium - The Simpsons [PAR] The Simpsons [PAR] Leftorium [PAR] The Leftorium is a store in the Springfield Mall that specializes in products for left-handed people. [PAR] The store is owned by Ned Flanders who quit his job as a clerk for a pharmaceutical company and opened The Leftorium. At first, business at the store was going very poorly, Homer secretly wished that Flanders store would go out of business after receiving the larger half of a wishbone. Homer got his wish and the Flanders family were forced to sell their possessions (much of which Homer purchased at the very low price of $75), the bank repossessed the Flanders home, and the store was about to close. Homer then regrets making this wish and the fact he never told any of his friends, who were in need of left-handed items, about The Leftorium. To atone for his actions, Homer manages to get everyone he knows in town to shop at Ned's store, effectively saving it from bankruptcy. [PAR] The Leftorium has continued to trade profitably since this, however there have been episodes where Flanders has mentioned the store doesn't do that well. Ned once mentioned that he purchased most of his possessions cheaply to make up for his store's lack of business. Later, Ned mentions how a mega left hand store recently opened, called Left-Mart, is threatening his business.[DOC] [TLE] List of businesses on The Simpsons - Wikibin List of businesses on The Simpsons [PAR] Donate to Wikibin [PAR] List of businesses on The Simpsons [PAR] In the long running television animation The Simpsons, numerous fictional businesses have appeared, often recurring. These are sometimes spoofs or real life businesses. [PAR] The following is a list of businesses seen in the town of Springfield where The Simpsons live. [PAR] Recurring businesses [PAR] Aztec Theater [PAR] Aztec Theater is the downtown movie theater in Springfield. The first known appearance was in The Telltale Head where Bart and the school bullies Jimbo, Kearney and Dolph all sneak into the theater through the Fire Escape to watch Space Mutants IV. The theater was used to screen the premiere of the Itchy and Scratchy Movie in the episode titled as Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie. [PAR] Bowl-A-Rama [PAR] Bowl-A-Rama (also known as Barney's Bowl-A-Rama) is the bowling alley in Springfield. The Bowl-A-Rama has had several appearances in Simpsons episodes. The very first known appearance is the episode Life on the Fast Lane where Homer forgets Marge's birthday so after rushing out to purchase a gift he ends up buying a bowling ball. Marge is insulted at the fact her gift from Homer was something obviously intended for his own personal use given the fact the ball had Homer's name engraved on it. So Marge decides she will keep the gift for her own use and goes bowling for the first time. [PAR] In the episode And Maggie Makes Three Homer tells the family the story of Maggie's birth. In this story Homer tells how he quit his job at Springfield Nuclear Power Plant to work at the Bowl-A-Rama, which was Homer's dream job. This episode reveals where the bowling pins go after they are knocked over, the pins are shown ending up in a heap and new pins are manufactered instantly to replace those knocked over. [PAR] The Bowl-A-Rama is used in the episode Homer vs. The Eighteenth Amendment as a way of smuggling beer into Moe's Tavern. In this episode alcohol is banned in Springfield and as a result Homer begins bootlegging beer he uncovered from the city"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apu Nahasapeemapetilon - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Apu Nahasapeemapetilon | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Biography [PAR] Apu's wedding with Manjula [PAR] During the 1960s, while still living in India, Apu spent some time as a student of the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, in which capacity he became a friend of Paul McCartney and Linda McCartney. Apu's friendship with the McCartneys caused him to be referred to by some (mainly himself) as \"The Fifth Beatle\", They visited Apu in Springfield around the time he became naturalized, He says that he graduated from Calcutta Technical University, where he was the top of his class of 7 million and got a scholarship in the United States at the Springfield Heights Institute of Technology (S.H.I.T.). [5] In the United States he got a doctorate in computer science by designing the world's first tic-tac-toe program that only the top human players could beat (and which was broken by Bart years later), He then took a job at the Kwik-E-Mart to pay back his student loans. He has great remembrance. [PAR] During the mid-1980s, Apu was a member of the barbershop quartet called The Be Sharps , which also [PAR] Young Apu [PAR] Apu's Convenience Store the Kwik-E-Mart [PAR] consisted of Homer Simpson , Seymour Skinner , and Barney Gumble , who replaced original band member Chief Wiggum . [6] Upon the advice of Nigel, the band's manager, Apu took the stage name Apu du Beaumarche (a pun, as \"du beau march\u00e9\" means \"of the beautiful market\" in French) and denied \"by the many arms of Vishnu\" that he was actually a Hindu. [PAR] Apu and Manjula married after two years, Despite trying to wriggle out of the situation, Apu was won over soon after meeting Manjula and the two actually did fall in love. Later, Manjula gave birth to eight children after receiving a larger-than-recommended dose of fertility drugs. [7] Apu and Manjula have a mostly happy marriage, despite understandable marital problems caused by Apu's workaholic nature, the strain of caring for eight children, and two instances of infidelity by Apu. He and his family are devotees of the Hindu gods Shiva, Ganesha, and Vishnu. At Apu's wedding, Homer, in a misguided attempt to play on the bride and groom's families' fear of the gods, arrived dressed as the Hindu god Ganesh. The impersonation was seen through by one of Apu's relatives and failed miserably. Before his marriage, Apu became known as the leading ladies' man in Springfield, because he holds a Ph.D. and runs his own business. He also admitted, \"I'm not much of a talker, but I love to listen. I also like to design and build furniture and then to have a discussion about where it could be placed in a room,\" which made the single women of Springfield go crazy for him. Despite his hectic marriage and home life, however, his first love is still to work in the Kwik-E-Mart, sometimes taking shifts long enough to send him into sleep deprived hallucinations in which he thinks he is \"...a hummingbird of some kind.\" Also after Apu had an affair with the Annette , Manjula made him legally change his name to Slime Q Slimedog. He is revealed to have slept with Selma Bouvier after Homer and Marge's second wedding. [PAR] Apu in Yahtzee [PAR] He claims to know pi to 40000 decimal places, noting that the last place (40001 first digit of pi) is one. [PAR] Snake Holding a shot gun at Apu [PAR] When he becomes old, he looks like Sanjay . [PAR] Personality [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bart Simpson - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Bart Simpson | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Neil Patrick Harris (film-within-film Bart the Murderer ) [PAR] \u201cTake it to the bank boys, this one's just like Bart.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Bart's catchphrase Bartholomew [3] JoJo Reference \"Bart\" Simpson (born April 1 [4] /February 23 [5] ), also known as \" El Barto ,\" \"The boy\" ( Homer Simpson ), and \" Bartman ,\" is the tritagonist of The Simpsons . He is the mischievous, rebellious, misunderstood and \"potentially dangerous\" eldest child of Homer and Marge Simpson , and the older brother of Lisa and Maggie . He also has been nicknamed Cosmo, after discovering a comet in \" Bart's Comet \". Bart's also been on the cover on numerous comics, such as \"Critical Hit\", \"Simpsons Treasure Trove #11\" and \"Winter Wingding\". Bart also has a whole comic series known as the Simpson Comics Presents Bart Simpson. Bart is loosely based on Matt Groening and his older brother, Mark. [PAR] Even at a young age Bart has accomplished many feats. He has won an award for his Angry Dad web series. He has discovered a new comet which was named after himself and he also has perfomed in a successful band with Milhouse Van Houten , Nelson Muntz and Ralph Wiggum . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Young Bart [PAR] Bart is a self-proclaimed underachiever who is constantly in detention. He is easily distracted. His penchant for shocking people began before he was born: Bart \"mooned\" Dr. Hibbert while he performed a sonogram on Marge, and moments after being born he set fire to Homer's tie (Marge saying that he could not have done it on purpose because he was only ten minutes old). Bart's first words were \" Ay Caramba \". [PAR] Bart's interests include Krusty the Clown (he is \"Krusty Buddy\" number 16302), reading comic books (especially Radioactive Man ), watching TV (especially The Krusty the Clown Show ), terrorizing Lisa , playing video games, helping Lisa solve various problems (e.g. reuniting Krusty with his estranged Father ), and pulling off various pranks, (such as mooning unsuspecting people, prank calling Moe at his tavern , and his patented spitting off an overpass). Bart also sprays graffiti under the alias 'El Barto', and regularly frequents the Kwik-E-Mart (for bubble gum and Squishees ) and The Android's Dungeon . Yuma Hickman moved to Springfield when Marge was pregnant with Bart. [PAR] Bart hinted that his favorite movies are Jaws and the Star Wars trilogy. [6] His best friend is Milhouse Van Houten . [PAR] He is the most misunderstood of the family (After Maggie, who currently can only speak two words), constantly frustrated by the narrow-minded people of Springfield , who judge him merely by his thoughts and actions. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] Family [PAR] Homer strangling Bart [PAR] Due to Bart's mischievousness and Homer's often uncaring and incompetent behavior, the two have a turbulent relationship. Bart will often address Homer by his given name instead of \"Dad\" (when he was a baby, this was because other adults would refer to him as this), while Homer in turn often refers to him as \"the boy\". Usually when Homer finds out that Bart has said or done something stupid or bad, he yells \" Why you little! \" (often followed by throttling him) or simply \"BART!\" Bart once returned the favor when he learned that Homer, in order to buy back incriminating photos of his dropping Bart down as a baby, spent all the money that had been earned by starring in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lisa Simpson - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Lisa Simpson | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015Lisa Simpson [src] [PAR] Lisa Marie Simpson (born May 9th) is the tetartagonist of The Simpsons. She was named after a train called Lil' Lisa on her parents' 1st anniversary. She is a charismatic 8-year-old girl, who exceeds the standard achievement of intelligence level of children her age. Not to everyone's surprise, she is also the moral center of her family. In her upbringing, Lisa lacks parental involvement of Homer and Marge , which leads to hobbies such as playing saxophone and guitar, riding and caring for horses, and interest in advanced studies. In school, Lisa's popularity is affected by those who view her as a geeky overachiever, which leaves her with only a few friends. She focuses on her goals and strives to reach her potential, and at the age of eight she is already a member of MENSA with an IQ of 159. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Lisa has yellow skin, blue-grey eyes, and blonde sun-shaped hair. She is usually seen wearing a strapless red dress with a zigzag hem, matching red strapped Mary Jane shoes, frilly white underpants, and a white pearl necklace (given to her by Marge), though sometimes wears different outfits. She has had two different outfits for church and family outings: first a magenta long-sleeved dress with a ruffled collar and magenta pumps, then a baby pink short-sleeved tutu dress with a darker pink belt, a wide brimmed hat with the same color scheme, and strapped pumps much like her usual ones. At night, she dresses in a turquoise nightgown with a frilly white collar and matching cuffs, as well as turquoise slippers. Lisa brings in a new outfit at least once every season. When Marge insisted on sending her to ballet, she wore a leotard and tutu in the same shade as her new church outfit, and pink ballet shoes. At her tap dancing lessons, she dressed in a magenta vest, pale pink tights, a violet tutu and black tap shoes. When Lisa swims, she wears a magenta or red swimsuit. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Young Lisa [PAR] Lisa is quite eclectic in her knowledge and is notably more concerned with world affairs and problems than her cohorts, which has led her to alienate herself from her peers. Lisa also deeply values her integrity, sometimes at the expense of others' needs and happiness, as demonstrated when she cheats on a test in The Wind in the Willows to attain her highest grade of A plus, but later admits her dishonesty to an unreceptive Principal Skinner despite the fact that such a grade allowed the school to gain the extra income it 'desperately' needs. (She later regrades the test as an F. [3] ) Also Lisa was willing to tell everyone about Bart faking his kidnapping attempt to go to a concert, despite the fact that absolutely everybody involved in the case was better off just because she could. Despite her intellect, Lisa has received detention, like her brother Bart, quite a number of times, often because of her rebellious and sometimes bitter attitude and antisocial behavior that is capable of deeply embarrassing authority figures. Although her rebellion against social norms is usually constructive, Lisa can be crazy, cruel, and rebellious at times. When she believes herself to be right she won't admit that others could be as well, and will often force her beliefs onto people. Notably, her increasing sense of moral righteousness regarding her vegetarianism leads her to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rainier Wolfcastle - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Rainier Wolfcastle | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Harry Shearer [PAR] Rainier Luftwaffe Wolfcastle is an Austrian, musclebound action movie star and a parody of Arnold Schwarzenegger. Wolfcastle is a veteran of many action movies, most notably the McBain series. Wolfcastle began his acting career as early as childhood in Austria, appearing on long TV commercials advertising bratwurst. He owns a Ferrari F40 and a Hummer H1. He is married to Maria Wolfcastle and has one daughter, Greta . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Biography [PAR] Apart from the McBain series, Wolfcastle also played Radioactive Man in an ill-fated live-action film adaptation of the comic book series. Wolfcastle has also ventured into comedic roles; in one episode, he carries Homer in an oversized Snugli for babies, remarking, \"I used it to carry Rob Schneider in the movie My Baby is an Ugly Man.\" [PAR] Wolfcastle appears to have political ambitions, as noted by his candidacy for mayor in the recall election of Mayor Diamond Joe Quimby. He is a member of the inner circle of the Springfield Republican Party, along with Burns, Krusty the Clown, Dr. Hibbert, The Rich Texan, Count Dracula and Bob Dole. Wolfcastle has campaigned as Republican Mayoral candidate and as a supporter of Sideshow Bob for Mayor; However, he disagrees with his party on the issue of stem cell research (Schwarzenegger is noted as more socially liberal than a majority of Republican politicians on such issues). [PAR] He battles frequently with weight problems, though tries to pass it off as something he is doing for a role. His films are sometimes critical failures; Jay Sherman introduced Wolfcastle in an interview on his TV show as \"star of the reprehensible McBain movies\". [PAR] According to various episodes, Wolfcastle began his acting career as a child in Austria, appearing on long television commercials advertising Fritz Schnackenpfefferhausen bratwurst. [1] At roughly the same time, he began experimenting with bodybuilding, and his physique earned him a starring role in several gay pornography films, shelves of which were seen by Homer during one of Wolfcastle's debt-induced garage sales. [2] He was also the primary actor on advertisements for \"PowerSauce Bars\"; bars claiming to boost muscle growth, but which were in fact a mash of apple cores and Chinese newspapers. [3] He also was allegedly a \"key player in the Hollywood Prostitution scandal.\" [4] His daughter Greta dated Bart [5] . [PAR] Work [PAR] Rainier Wolfcastle has been a presenter at the Academy Awards, a spokesperson for the PowerSauce energy bar, a celebrity judge in radio station KBBL 's contest \" How Low Will You Go \" (along with Krusty the Clown and Madeleine Albright ), host of a short-lived talk show (\" Up Late with McBain \", which even Bart thought was horrible.), and a guest on Inside the Actors Studio with James Lipton (in which he kills Lipton after getting into character as McBain). He also was co-owner of Planet Springfield , along with \" Chuck Norris , Johnny Carson 's third wife, and the Russian mafia\". [PAR] Apart from the McBain series, Wolfcastle has also played Radioactive Man in an ill-fated live-action film adaptation of the comic book series. Wolfcastle has also ventured into comedic roles; in one episode, he carries Homer in an oversized Snugli for babies, remarking, \"I used it to carry Rob Schneider in the movie My Baby is an Ugly Man .\" [PAR] His other films include Help, My Son is a Nerd (don't laugh, it is not a comedy); Mrs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paddington Bear author Michael Bond writes new book - BBC Paddington Bear author Michael Bond writes new book - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Paddington Bear author Michael Bond writes new book [PAR] 8 April 2014 [PAR] Image copyright Felicity McCabe [PAR] Image caption Michael Bond first wrote about Paddington Bear in 1958 [PAR] Paddington Bear author Michael Bond has written a book which details letters from the wayward bear to his Aunt Lucy in darkest Peru. [PAR] Love From Paddington is to be published in November by Harper Collins. [PAR] In the original children's stories which first appeared in 1958, the bear was named after the London station where he was found by the Brown family. [PAR] Bond, 88, said of his latest work: \"It isn't generally known, but bears are very good at writing letters.\" [PAR] The letters recount Paddington's adventures in London and how he met the Brown family. [PAR] Bond's first book, A Bear Called Paddington, has continually been in print for more than 50 years. [PAR] The forthcoming computer-animated film about Paddington, due out later this year, stars Colin Firth as the marmalade-loving bear, Hugh Bonneville as Mr Brown, Sally Hawkins as Mrs Brown and Nicole Kidman as a villain. [PAR] The cast includes Jim Broadbent and Julie Walters. [PAR] Former BBC cameraman Bond began writing during World War Two when he was serving in the Royal Air Force and the Middlesex Regiment of the British Army. [PAR] He started with numerous short stories and radio plays and his work took off after his agent suggested he turn a radio play into a children's play. [PAR] Image caption Paddington Bear was made into a popular children's TV series in the 1970s [PAR] The hugely popular Paddington stories were first made into an animated TV series in 1975 and have been re-imagined a number of times. [PAR] The Paddington books have sold more than 35 million copies around the world and have been translated into more than 40 languages."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 5 Facts on 'Winnie-the-Pooh' Author A.A. Milne - Biography.com 5 Facts on 'Winnie-the-Pooh' Author A.A. Milne - Biography.com [PAR] History & Culture [PAR] 5 Facts on 'Winnie-the-Pooh' Author A.A. Milne [PAR] In honor of Winnie the Pooh Day, we looked at author A.A Milne's life and how his little children's book changed his life \u2014 for good and bad. [PAR] Avatar: [PAR] Social count: [PAR] 1636 [PAR] In honor of Winnie the Pooh Day, we looked at author A.A Milne's life and how his little children's book changed his life \u2014 for good and bad. [PAR] 1.6K [PAR] 0 [PAR] AA Milne, 1922. (Photo: Wikipedia ) [PAR] Winnie the Pooh, the \"Bear of Very Little Brain,\" continues to be a bear with lots of fame. In fact, Pooh is honored every January 18th, otherwise known as Winnie the Pooh Day. That particular date was chosen because it\u2019s the birthday of Alan Alexander Milne ( A.A. Milne ), author of Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928). [PAR] Without Milne, Pooh, Piglet, Tigger and the rest of the gang would never have seen the light of day. In honor of Pooh's creator, let's take a look at five fascinating facts about the man behind the honey-loving bear. [PAR] 1. Winnie the Pooh actually existed. [PAR] No, Milne didn't encounter a real bear, accompanied by a group of animal friends, wandering around the Hundred Acre Wood. But almost all of the characters in his books had real-life counterparts. Christopher Robin, Pooh's human companion, was named after Milne's own son, Christopher Robin Milne (who was less than thrilled about his inescapable association with the popular books as he got older). Winnie the Pooh was Christopher's teddy bear. [PAR] Christopher Milne also played with a stuffed piglet, a tiger, a pair of kangaroos and a downtrodden donkey (Owl and Rabbit were dreamt up solely for the books). And the Hundred Acre Wood closely resembles Ashdown Forest, where the Milnes had a nearby home. [PAR] Today the original toys that inspired Milne (and his son) can still be seen at the New York Public Library. (All except Roo, that is\u2014he was lost in the 1930s.) [PAR] 2. Milne wrote a lot more than Winnie-the-Pooh. [PAR] Though he went to Cambridge to study mathematics, Milne began to focus on writing while still a student. After getting his degree in 1903, he pursued a career as a writer, and was soon producing humorous pieces for the magazine Punch. Milne took on the duties of assistant editor at Punch in 1906. [PAR] AA Milne with his son, Christopher, and Pooh Bear in 1926. (Photo: Howard Coster/ Wikipedia.com ) [PAR] Following his service in World War I, Milne became a successful playwright (along with original plays, he penned adaptations, such as turning The Wind in the Willows into the successful Toad at Toad Hall). Milne also authored a popular detective novel, The Red House Mystery (1922). [PAR] However, once his Winnie the Pooh books arrived on the scene, Milne's name was forever associated with children\u2019s writing. Now his other works are largely forgotten. [PAR] 3. Milne worked for a secret propaganda unit. [PAR] During World War I, Milne saw action as a soldier, including at the Battle of the Somme. When illness rendered him unfit for the front, his writing talent led to his being tapped to join a secret propaganda unit, MI7b, in 1916. [PAR] At the time, the mounting toll of World War I had dimmed public support and an anti-war movement was growing. The goal of Milne's propaganda unit was to bolster"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Owls of Harry Potter | Laura Erickson's For the Birds The Owls of Harry Potter | Laura Erickson's For the Birds [PAR] Laura Erickson's For the Birds [PAR] By Laura Erickson (a.k.a. \u201cProfessor McGonagowl\u201d) [PAR] (SPOILER discussion of Hedwig in Book 7\u2014Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\u2014is here .) [PAR] No spoilers beyond this point: [PAR] Now that five Harry Potter movies and all seven books have been released, people have become very familiar with owls. This website will give you facts about owls both in the real world and in J.K. Rowling\u2019s magical world. I live in the United States, but Harry Potter lives in England. Some owls live in both places, and some are found on only one side of the pond. I\u2019ve studied owls for a long time and read all seven Harry Potter books and seen the movies, but I simply couldn\u2019t have written this and made it authoritative without a lot of help from a lot of people. If you have information I should add, corrections, or other comments, please email me . [PAR] In J.K. Rowling\u2019s wonderful universe, owls bridge the magical and muggle world, carrying messages, packages, and even Nimbus 2000s with ease as they make it clear to muggles that when a message needs to get through, it WILL get through. One Snowy Owl named Hedwig also provides warm companionship when a lonely wizard named Harry needs it. [PAR] If you have questions about owls, first look to see if you can find the answers here. If not, you can email Professor McGonagowl . As always, if you have questions, comments, or corrections, please let me know. To get more information, see: [PAR] American Humane Association\u2019s review of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Movie #5) (Thanks, Katty!) [PAR] Hedwig [PAR] Harry\u2019s owl Hedwig is a Snowy Owl . She\u2019s a female but, in the movie, the actors playing her are males. (One of the owls playing Hedwig was also the very first cast member to be chosen!!) You can tell that the owl playing Hedwig in the photo is really a male because his plumage is so white\u2014female Snowy Owls have dark markings. Females are also bigger and heavier, and so would be a little harder for human actors to handle. Healthy males average about 4 pounds, females almost 4 1/2 pounds. They have powerful talons. You can\u2019t see in the photo that Daniel Radcliffe is wearing thick leather protection on his arm. Claws that can kill a large duck through thick feathers can be pretty hard on human arms, too, even when the owl is just trying to balance itself. [PAR] Seven different owls played the role of Hedwig. Their names are Gizmo, Kasper, Oops, Swoops, Oh Oh, Elmo and Bandit. I found out some interesting things on The Pet Place site about Harry Potter . [PAR] Real Snowy Owls live in the arctic tundra, in North America, Europe, and Asia. A few breed in the northern British Isles. Long ago, when the Arctic climate extended farther south than now, Snowy Owls lived much farther south. Cave art by Paleolithic people of Europe includes an etched outline of two Snowy Owls and their chicks on a cave wall in Ariege, France. This particular prehistoric drawing happens to make the Snowy Owl the first recognizeable bird species to be depicted in art anywhere in the world. [PAR] Snowy Owls are predators, and eat only animals, never plants. Their main prey species is the lemming, a fierce little rodent smaller than a chipmunk. Lemmings have enormous population"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Hargreaves | British cartoonist | Britannica.com Roger Hargreaves | British cartoonist | Britannica.com [PAR] British cartoonist [PAR] Jack Kirby [PAR] Roger Hargreaves, (born 1935, Cleckheaton, Yorkshire, Eng.\u2014died Sept. 12, 1988, Kent county), British cartoonist who created whimsical characters best known in the popular \u201cMr. Men\u201d series of books for children. [PAR] Hargreaves was a creative director in an London advertising firm when he began to market his potato-shaped doodles in the early 1970s. The simple figures were given such names as Mr. Tickle, Mr. Happy, Mr. Nosey, Mr. Greedy, and Mr. Grumpy. These characters appeared in books, as BBC cartoons, and in a comic strip in the Daily Mirror. The \u201cMr. Men\u201d characters spawned more than 700 products, from T-shirts to food cartons, and paved the way for a \u201cLittle Miss\u201d series, including Little Miss Helpful and Little Miss Bossy. Together the two series reached worldwide sales of 85 million volumes and were published in 20 languages. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: July 20, 1998 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-Hargreaves [PAR] Access Date: January 13, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Charlie's surname in \"Charlie and the Chocolate ... What is Charlie's surname in \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"? | Reference.com [PAR] What is Charlie's surname in \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In Roald Dahl's children's novel, \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,\" Charlie's surname is Bucket. The novel tells the story of Charlie Bucket touring the inside of Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In the novel, Charlie Bucket is a young boy from a poor family. Willy Wonka announces a contest where five golden tickets are to be hidden in the wrappers of Wonka bars, and the winners receive a tour of the chocolate factory and a lifetime of chocolate. Charlie finds the final golden ticket and takes his Grandpa Joe on the tour with him. The other children who found the tickets turn out to be spoiled and undeserving. They are eliminated from the tour one by one. Charlie becomes the only child remaining, and Willy Wonka reveals that Charlie is to take over the chocolate factory as the heir to the company.[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Plot Overview SparkNotes: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Plot Overview [PAR] Charlie and the Chocolate Factory [PAR] Roald Dahl [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] Mr. Willy Wonka, the eccentric owner of the greatest chocolate factory in the world, has decided to open the doors of his factory to five lucky children and their parents. In order to choose who will enter the factory, Mr. Wonka devises a plan to hide five golden tickets beneath the wrappers of his famous chocolate bars. The search for the five golden tickets is fast and furious. Augustus Gloop, a corpulent child whose only hobby is eating, unwraps the first ticket, for which his town throws him a parade. Veruca Salt, an insufferable brat, receives the next ticket from her father, who had employed his entire factory of peanut shellers to unwrap chocolate bars until they found a ticket. Violet Beauregarde discovers the third ticket while taking a break from setting a world record in gum chewing. The fourth ticket goes to Mike Teavee, who, as his name implies, cares only about television. [PAR] Charlie Bucket, the unsuspecting hero of the book, defies all odds in claiming the fifth and final ticket. A poor but virtuous boy, Charlie lives in a tiny house with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Bucket, and all four of his grandparents. His grandparents share the only bed in the house, located in the only bedroom, and Charlie and his parents sleep on mattresses on the floor. Charlie gets three sparse meals a day, which is hardly enough to nourish a growing boy, As a result, he is almost sickly thin. Once a year, on his birthday, Charlie gets one bar of Wonka chocolate, which he savors over many months. The Bucket family\u2019s circumstances become all the more dire when Mr. Bucket loses his job. But a tremendous stroke of luck befalls Charlie when he spots a raggedy dollar bill buried in the snow. He decides to use a little of the money to buy himself some chocolate before turning the rest over to his mother. After inhaling the first bar of chocolate, Charlie decides to buy just one more and within the wrapping finds the fifth golden ticket. He is not a moment too soon: the next day is the date Mr. Wonka has set for his guests to enter the factory. [PAR] Neither Mr. nor Mrs. Bucket can accompany Charlie to the factory. Mr. Bucket"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum - Disney Wiki - Wikia Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum [PAR] 40,857pages on [PAR] Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum [PAR] Background information [PAR] Matty Finochio and Ben Cotton (in Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) [PAR] Animators [PAR] Obnoxious, silly, nonsensical, hyperactive, whimsical, cunning, childish [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Rotund, balding, red hair, pink noses, school boy uniforms, red propeller caps with tiny flagpoles and flags on them, black shoes [PAR] Alignment [PAR] Chase Alice back into waking reality and recede into her subconscious [PAR] Quote [PAR] \"Button! Button! Who's got the button?!\" [PAR] \"That's logic!\" [PAR] Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum are characters from Disney's 1951 animated feature film Alice in Wonderland , originally featured in the original book's sequel Alice Through the Looking Glass. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] The Tweedles are two fat brothers dressed in schoolboy uniforms and wearing propeller caps. They take particular delight in reciting poems and songs. They're playful and jolly which can seem a little annoying. They enjoy company and will always insist in a little game. They also have the ability to multiply. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Alice in Wonderland [PAR] In the movie when Alice tries to chase after the White Rabbit she comes across Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum. The twin brothers offer to play a game called Who's Got the Button? or fight each other to which Alice turns down as she explains that she's following the White Rabbit because she's curious to know where he's going. This makes the brothers think about the Little Oysters who were curious and that something sad happened to them when they were. Alice decides to stay to listen to the story which is actually a poem called The Walrus and the Carpenter. Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum tell Alice how one time in the middle of the night The Walrus and the Carpenter managed to lure the Little Oysters away from their mother in the sea and offered them to dinner. Then while the Carpenter went to get some stuff to go with the meal The Walrus ate up all the Oysters for himself. This made the Carpenter mad and the Carpenter chased the Walrus away. At the end, Alice tells Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum that the story was very sad to which the brothers reply \"Yes. And there's a moral to it.\" To which Alice replies \"Oh yes, a very good moral. If you happen to be an oyster\". She then tries to leave but Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum insist that she listen to another one called Father Williams but when the brothers aren't looking Alice manages to sneak off and continue her search for the White Rabbit. Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum are seen again during the reprise of the caucus race, and briefly during the scene when Alice is running away from the Queen of Hearts before she wakes up from her dream. [PAR] Cameos [PAR] Tweedle Dum can be spotted during the final scene of Who Framed Roger Rabbit . He is seen in a brief back view leaving toward Toontown while the song is finishing. [PAR] The Tweedles make numerous appearances as guests in House of Mouse , primarily in crowd shots aside other Wonderland characters. [PAR] Live-action appearances [PAR] Adventures in Wonderland [PAR] The Tweedles appeared in the series, played by Robert Barry Fleming and Harry Waters Jr. . The Tweedles wear bright, colorful clothing and sing and dance in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary Poppins - pcpa.org Mary Poppins [PAR] Mary Poppins [PAR] November 7 - December 22, 2013 [PAR] Marian Theatre [PAR] Mary Poppins is appropriate for all ages - a great show to see as a family. [PAR] Children as young as 3 years old may attend the 1:30 performances on November 10, November 30, December 7, and December 19. Children attending all other performances must be at least 5 years old. [PAR] Mary Poppins [PAR] A musical based on the stories of P.L. Travers and the Walt Disney film. [PAR] Original Music & Lyrics by Richard M. Sherman & Robert B. Sherman [PAR] Book by Julian Fellows [PAR] New Songs and Additional Music & Lyrics by George Stiles & Anthony Drewe [PAR] Generously sponsored by [PAR] Ng & Ng Dental & Eye Care [PAR] Dr. Dennis & Franziska Shepard [PAR] Joan G. Sargen [PAR] The whole family will delight in this high-flying musical, fresh from Broadway. It's the beloved story of practically perfect nanny Mary Poppins, who floats over London's chimneys into Cherry Tree Lane, stirring up the winds of change for the upstanding but unhappy Banks family. Anything can happen as Mary and the Chim-Chiminey-sweep Bert, step in time through a jolly holiday with the Banks children, Jane and Michael, in which Mary's magic transforms ordinary virtues into extraordinary values. She helps the children, their parents, and all of us, learn to take our medicine with a spoonful of sugar, find the silver lining in every situation, and realize that sometimes we should just use the winds of change to go fly a kite. [PAR] Director Choreographer [PAR] Sierra Wells [PAR] Ensemble [PAR] Benjamin McNamara, Lucas Blair, Casey Canino, Katie Wackowski, Alysa Perry, Sierra Wells, Amanda Farbstein, Steven Jasso, Zach Johnson, Edgar Lopez, William Hoshida [PAR] Pit Singers: Kenny Bordieri, Gian Console, Erik Groth, Kurt Haaker, Allyson Hankins, Claire Harlan, Danielle Levin, Shannon Peters, Melissa Ramirez, Cameron Rose, Noelle Sisneros, Dominic Williams [PAR] *Member, Actors' Equity Association [PAR] November 7 - December 22, 2013 [PAR] Sun [PAR] 7pm [PAR] 1:30 & 7pm [PAR] *Children as young as 3 years old may attend the 1:30 performances on November 10, November 30, December 7, and December 19. Children attending all other performances must be at least 5 years old. [PAR] Elizabeth Stuart* as Winifred Banks, Marisa Dinsmoor as Jane Banks & Sacha Carlson as Michael Banks [PAR] Karin Hendricks as Mary Poppins [PAR] Andrew Philpot* as George Banks & Peter S. Hadres* as Bank Chairman [PAR] \"Step In Time\" [PAR] Kitty Balay* as Miss Andrew & Karin Hendricks as Mary Poppins [PAR] \"Jolly Holiday\" [PAR] Marisa Dinsmoor as Jane Banks, Karin Hendricks as Mary Poppins, Sacha Carlson as Michael Banks [PAR] Julia Galloway as Jane Banks, [PAR] Devin Orr as Michael Banks, [PAR] George Walker as Bert, [PAR] Peter S. Hadres* as Park Keeper [PAR] Karin Hendricks as Mary Poppins [PAR] \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\" [PAR] Kitty Balay* as Mrs. Corry [PAR] Photos: Luis Escobar, Reflections Photography Studio [PAR] Thumbnails are linked to high resolution images intended for the media [PAR] About the Play [PAR] Mary Poppins is the title character of a series of children\u2019s books written by P.L. Travers. The first book, Mary Poppins, was published in 1934, and the last, Mary Poppins and the House Next Door, in 1988. The books focus on the magical English Nanny, Mary Poppins, who is blown by the wind into the lives of the Banks family. She arrives and gets right to work mending the family and bringing order to the chaotic home. Mary and the children have numerous adventures in which they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apple (Malus pumila) - Illinois Wildflowers: Apple Apple (Malus pumila) [PAR] Malus pumila [PAR] Rose family (Rosaceae) [PAR] Description: This small tree is typically 15-50' tall, forming a short crooked trunk about 1-2\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd' across and a globoid crown with spreading crooked branches. Trunk bark is reddish gray, thin, and irregularly fissured, while branch bark is more gray and smooth. Twigs are reddish brown to brown with scattered white lenticels; they are glabrous or pubescent. Young shoots are light gray-green to purple, terete, and densely pubescent. Alternate leaves about 2-3\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\" long and 1\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd-2\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\" across occur along the twigs and young shoots. The leaf blades are lanceolate-ovate to ovate in shape and finely serrated or crenulated along their margins. The upper surface of the leaf blades is yellowish green to dark green and hairless (or nearly so), while the lower surface is pale gray-green or whitish green and more or less downy from short fine hairs. The petioles are \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd-1\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\" long, whitish green to dull purple, and downy from short fine hairs. Bases of the leaf blades are rounded or slightly cordate, while their tips are blunt to pointed. Relatively large flowers about 1\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd-2\" across are produced in small clusters from short spur twigs. Individual flowers have 5 rounded petals that are pinkish white to white and contracted at their bases, 5 lanceolate sepals that are pale gray-green and downy from short fine hairs, numerous stamens (about 20) with yellow anthers, and an inferior ovary with 5 styles. The sepals are much smaller than the petals. The slender pedicels are pale gray-green and downy from short fine hairs. The blooming period occurs during late spring for about 2 weeks (after the vernal leaves have unfolded). The flowers are fragrant. Fertile flowers are replaced by small green pomes that develop during the summer. At maturity during late summer or fall, the pomes are 1\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd-4\" across and more or less globoid in shape; each pome has a depression at its top and bottom. The exterior of mature pomes is usually greenish red or red (rarely yellow) and glabrous or nearly so; sometimes short fine hairs occur within the depressions of each pome. The fleshy interior of mature pomes is greenish white to pale yellow, crisp, and somewhat juicy; the flavor can be sour, sweet-sour, or sweet. Within the central portion of each pome, there are up to 10 brown seeds. These small seeds are ovoid and flattened. The deciduous leaves usually turn yellow during the autumn. [PAR] Cultivation: The preference is full sun, moist to mesic well-drained conditions, and fertile loamy soil. The cultivated Apple is vulnerable to many insect pests and disease organisms, although some cultivars have greater resistance to them than others. Dwarf cultivars are available that produce full-sized fruit on trees less than 10' tall. [PAR] Range & Habitat: As a naturalized tree, the non-native Apple is occasional in NE Illinois and uncommon elsewhere (see Distribution Map ). It was introduced from Eurasia into North America. Habitats for naturalized trees include woodland borders, disturbed meadows, abandoned orchards and old homesteads, areas along roads, and fence rows. Apple is often cultivated for its large edible fruit and it is used as an ornamental landscape tree. When it escapes from cultivation, Apple is not aggressive and invasive. The fruits of escaped trees are usually smaller than those of cultivated trees. Apple is vulnerable to wildfires. [PAR] Faunal Associations: The flowers must be cross-pollinated by insects from other compatible trees, otherwise Apple does not set fruit. Bees are the most important visitors of the flowers, where they seek nectar or pollen. Typical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Girl drinks: For the Cosmoplitan\u2019s 25th anniversary, a ... A Cosmopolitan [PAR] Photo by Jupiterimages/Thinkstock. [PAR] Girl drinks, also known as chick drinks and girlie drinks, exist primarily to serve and to overserve persons eager to know the fun of catching a buzz while staying ignorant of the bliss of tasting liquor. This article represents an independent-study tool for readers seeking to refine this basic understanding along lines that are personally potationally meaningful. The key is to keep your definitions fluid but your taxonomy strict, remembering for instance that some so-called girl drinks are frat shooters in drag, and that others, if you listen closely to their accents, are androgynous tropical coolers transplanted to temperate latitudes. [PAR] The most worthy of singles-bar girl drinks is, to my tongue, the Lemon Drop. By convention, authorship of the drink is ascribed to Henry Africa, a San Francisco saloonist who, nuttier than a Herb Caen anecdote, changed his name to that of his bar . At the dawn of the Me Decade, with Bay Area nightlife entering its Tales of the City phase, Henry Africa\u2019s soothed the sensibilities with d\u00e9cor including authentic Tiffany lamps and an efflorescence of hanging plants, and hence it earns distinction as the first of the fern bars . Unlike other mixological icons of the fern-bar era \u2014 the Harvey Wallbanger and the Freddy Fudpucker , the Pineapple Francine and Rupert Holmes\u2019 pi\u00f1a colada , any of which you can readily imagine spilling into the lap of Jack Tripper at the Regal Beagle \u2014the Lemon Drop is timeless and modernist-clean. [PAR] I want to take care not to oversell this vodka-based beverage: Vodka has no character (an inescapable limitation of endlessly many girl drinks), and a bar that promotes its Lemon Drop is likely selling a crude synthetic slush. But if you are obliged to entertain and you have a bottle of vodka to kill, the Lemon Drop is where you want to be. Made properly, it is a good gateway for leading a potential apprentice cocktailian to the richer pleasures of the Sidecar and the White Lady . I vouch for this recipe, written by a food blogger who counts the drink as a high home-bar pleasure , \u201ceven though I would certainly never order one out because I keep my shame to myself.\u201d [PAR] The Very Early 1980s: Vodka Tonic [PAR] Whit Stillman\u2019s Last Days of Disco , presenting a dry carousel of a yuppie roundelay, opens with a long sequence set somewhere Studio 54ish. On behalf of a friend, nightclub flunkie Des McGrath (Chris Eigeman) delivers a drink to publishing assistant Alice Kinnon (Chlo\u00eb Sevigny). Des says, \u201cJimmy Steinway gave me this vodka tonic to give you \u2026 \u201d [PAR] Alice: That's odd he knew I drank vodka tonics. I never told him. [PAR] Des: It's uncanny. [PAR] Alice: You mean it's a complete clich\u00e9? All women recent college graduates drink vodka tonics, or something like that? [PAR] Des: Well, maybe. [PAR] 1987: The Sex on the Beach [PAR] The flavor scientists who arranged the sticky molecules of DeKuyper\u2019s Peachtree Schnapps produced a nuclear reaction\u2014a fad without precedent. It sold 1.3 million cases in its first year. The Fuzzy Navel , to which it syrupily contributes, became the most popular mixed drink in the country , and the Sex on the Beach \u2014which is a Fuzzy Navel deluxe\u2014installed its naughty name on the American menu and the spring-break canon. The flood of fruitish flavor receded by the end of the decade, and the peach schnapps bottle moved to the back of the national liquor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAO's Animal Production and Health Division: Meat & Meat ... FAO's Animal Production and Health Division: Meat & Meat Products [PAR] FAO Trade and Markets [PAR] Sources of Meat [PAR] The most common sources of meat are domesticated animal species such as cattle, pigs and poultry and to a lesser extent buffaloes, sheep and goats. In some regions other animal species such as camels, yaks, horses, ostriches and game animals are also eaten as meat. To a limited extent, meat is also derived from exotic animals such as crocodiles, snakes and lizards. [PAR] [PAR] For thousands of years, poultry supplied meat and eggs, cattle, sheep and goats provided meat and milk, and pigs provided a source of meat. These species are the main sources of animal protein for humans. The meat derived from cattle is known as beef, meat derived from pigs as pork and from chickens as poultry. Pork is the most widely eaten meat in the world accounting for over 36% of the world meat intake. It is followed by poultry and beef with about 35% and 22% respectively. [PAR] [PAR] Estimated world livestock numbers (million head)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] President Ronald Reagan President Ronald Reagan [PAR] Ronald Wilson Reagan was born in Tampic, Illinois on February 6, 1911. [PAR] His family was poor. His father was an alcoholic and was often unemployed. [PAR] When he was young he worked as a life guard for seven summers. In that time he made 77 rescues. He worked seven days a week and often twelve hours a day. [PAR] Reagan was 6' 1\" tall and weighed about 185. [PAR] He attended Eureka College in California. He just had average grades. [PAR] Ronald Reagan was a Democrat in his early years. He later switched parties and ran for Governor and President as a Republican. The first time he voted was for Eisenhower/Nixon election in 1952. [PAR] Reagan was afraid of flying. He would rather have taken a train. When he ran for president, he flew on planes but didn't like it. [PAR] Reagan was one of three presidents who majored in economics while is college. George H. Bush and Gerald Ford were the others. [PAR] Ronald Reagan announced Chicago Cubs games for WHO radio in Des Moines. Later he became a famous movie and television actor. Reagan appeared in 53 movies. He also hosted The General Electric Theater and Death Valley Days. Both of these were popular TV shows. [PAR] In 1954, his acting career was doing badly so he took a job in Las Vegas as a comic for a few weeks. [PAR] Reagan was in the military during WWII. [PAR] He married Nancy Davis on March 4, 1952. William Holden was the best man at their wedding. Nancy was his second wife. Ronald Reagan was the only divorced man to become president. [PAR] He was the president of the Actors Guild. A union for people in the movie business. [PAR] Reagan was governor of California for two terms. He was 55 years old when he ran for governor in 1966. He won the election by over a million votes. [PAR] Reagan was the only president that was president of a union. [PAR] He enjoyed reading the comics in the newspaper. [PAR] At 73, he was the oldest person ever elected president. (This was his election to his second term.) He was 69 when elected the first time. He turned 70 seventeen days after he took office. [PAR] His nickname was \"the Gipper.\" It came from a famous football movie. In the movie, Reagan said \"Save one for the Gipper.\" His wife called him \"Ronnie.\" [PAR] President Reagan always worked in a coat and tie when he worked in the White House. He did that in respect for the presidency. He cleaned off his desk at the end of each work day. [PAR] He loved watching movies. H went to Camp David on 183 weekends and usually watched to movies each weekend plus the ones he watched in the White House. [PAR] Ronald Reagan loved jelly beans. He was sometimes referred to as the \"Jelly Bean Man.\" Some say that the sale of jelly beans increased while he was president. For his presidential inauguration in 1981, he made sure his favorite sugary sweets made an appearance. Three and a half tons of Jelly Belly beans were shipped to the White House for the event. [PAR] Reagan's Vice President was George Bush (1981-1989). He temporary transferred the powers of the president to George Bush while he had surgery for cancer. [PAR] President Reagan was the oldest president in history; he was just shy of his 78th birthday on leaving office. [PAR] Reagan asked the American people to \"dream heroic dreams.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Couscous? (Overview & Recipe List) - About.com Food What Is Couscous? (Overview & Recipe List) [PAR] Updated December 04, 2016. [PAR] What is couscous? Despite popular belief, couscous is a pasta, not a grain. [PAR] It has a rice-like appearance but is actually made of semolina and wheat flour that is steamed. Couscous is a staple in North African cooking and several variations and recipes exist that infuse a host of ingredients. It is most popular in the Maghreb , a region of North Africa that includes Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Libya. Fruit, vegetables, and meats are all used in couscous, making it an excellent main or side dish that can please just about any palette! [PAR] Couscous isn't limited to being a side or main dish , however. It is also used in soups and salads. It can be prepared by pouring boiling water over it and allowing the water and steam to hydrate it. You can also boil it like rice, but this method is not the easiest or most recommended. I always end up letting it cook too long when I use this method and wind up with a mushy consistency -- something you definitely don't want. [PAR] Special couscous pots are on the market but can be expensive. They work by steaming the couscous , producing a perfect texture every time. While it is ideal, it's not necessary to have a special pot to prepare couscous. It is one of those kitchen luxuries, like a rice cooker . [PAR] In grocery stores , you can find couscous in the pasta section, rice section, or often the \"international foods\" area in grocery stores. Even though it is considered an international food, it is widely available and you shouldn't have difficulty in finding it, unlike other Middle Eastern food ingredients. Some box varieties already contain dried fruit and seasoning, but I have to recommend that you try to use basic couscous and add your own ingredients. The extra effort will be rewarded in taste! Not that the pre-packaged and seasoned varieties are not good, it's just that you are limited in flavors. [PAR] You may come across couscous of different sizes. Larger couscous is often labeled as \"Israeli couscous\" or \"pearl couscous\". It has more of a nutty flavor and a chewier texture than smaller varieties. Because of its size, Israel couscous does take longer to cook than the smaller varieties. [PAR] Smaller varieties of couscous are typical of what you find in the Maghreb. The texture is more grainy and less nutty than its cousin, Israeli couscous. This type of couscous can be prepared in a matter of minutes because of its small size. Smaller couscous is often referred to as Libyan or Lebanese couscous. In Middle Eastern countries, you can find the boxed couscous , however, it is often handmade -- a long process that does take some degree of skill to master. Homemade couscous is delicious, but I find that the couscous found in grocery stores is almost just as good and also foolproof. If you can make spaghetti, you can make couscous. It's really that simple. [PAR] Using this basic couscous recipe , I urge you to become creative and make the recipe your own. Add fruits and veggies like raisins and carrots or even apples and chicken stock for a creative twist on an old staple. Below you will a sampling of popular couscous recipes, but the list is just a mere fraction of the hundreds and hundreds of couscous recipes that are made. [PAR] Couscous Recipes [PAR] Below"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Ice Cream | The Old Farmer's Almanac The History of Ice Cream | The Old Farmer's Almanac [PAR] The History of Ice Cream [PAR] Who Invented Ice Cream? [PAR] Whether in a bowl, cone, or glass, ice cream is sure to please. [PAR] Photo by Thinkstock [PAR] Rate this Article: [PAR] Average: 3.8 (525 votes) [PAR] The history of ice cream is a messy one. Many nations claim to have invented it, just as various individuals take credit for it. Even if its origin remains murkey, it makes for a chilling drama! [PAR] NOTE: If you are searching for the answer to \u201cWho invented of ice cream?\u201d that\u2019s a trick question. There isn\u2019t just one single person! Read on \u2026 [PAR] A.D 54\u201368: For centuries, iced desserts were a luxury. Roman Emperor Nero is said to have sent his slaves into the mountains to fetch snow to mix with nectar, fruit pulp, and honey, although this widely told tale may be a myth. [PAR] A.D. 618\u2013907: The origins of ice cream date back to China\u2019s T\u2019ang period, probably as a dish for the country\u2019s rulers. The founder of the dynasty, King T\u2019ang of Shang, kept 94 \u201cice men\u201d on hand to lug ice to the palace to make a dish made of koumiss (heated, fermented milk), flour, and camphor. [PAR] 1744: American colonists brought along recipes from Europe. On May 19, 1744, a group of VIP\u2019s dined at the home of Maryland Governor Thomas Bladen. Present was a Scottish colonist who described \u201ca Dessert\u2026Among the Rarities of which is was Compos\u2019d, was some fine Ice Cream which, with the Strawberries and Milk, eat most deliciously.\u201d This is the first written account of ice cream consumption in the new colonies. [PAR] 1782: Ever hear how Martha Washington left a bowl of sweet cream on the back steps of Mount Vernon one night, and the next morning discovered ice cream? Nice story, but not true. George Washington did have, described in his ledger, \u201ca cream machine for ice.\u201d [PAR] 1843: Until September 9, 1843, ice cream was made by the \u201cpot freezer method,\u201d but on this day, Nancy M. Johnson of Philadelphia got her \u201cartificial freezer\u201d patented, containing a tub, cylinder, lid, dasher, and crank. This design is still widely used today. [PAR] 1851: Baltimore dairyman Jacob Fussell opened the first commercial ice cream factory. He had a surplus of cream\u2014so he built an ice cream factory in Seven Valleys, Pennsylvania, and shipped it to Baltimore by train. Business boomed, and Fussell became the father of the wholesale ice cream industry. [PAR] 1880: Buffalo, NY; Evanston, IL; Two Rivers, WI; and Ithaca, NY all claim to have invented the ice cream sundae. Wherever it happened, it first started appearing in soda fountains during the 1880\u2019s. It was invented because ice cream sodas weren\u2019t allowed to be sold on Sundays; the ice cream sundae was a way to circumvent that restriction. On September 22, 1903, there is a recorded application for a patent for the ice cream cone by Italo Marchiony. [PAR] 1939: Grocery stores didn\u2019t start selling ice cream until the 1930\u2019s, and by WWII, ice cream had become so popular that it turned into somewhat of an American symbol (Mussolini banned it in Italy for that same reason). Ice cream was great for troop morale, and in 1943, the U.S. Armed Forces were the world\u2019s largest ice cream manufacturers! [PAR] Whatever the history, ice cream is here to stay!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Brainteasers To Test Your Mental Sharpness - Forbes 10 Brainteasers To Test Your Mental Sharpness [PAR] 10 Brainteasers To Test Your Mental Sharpness [PAR] {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} [PAR] Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. [PAR] Full Bio [PAR] The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe [PAR] To test your mental acuity, answer the following questions (no peeking at the answers!): [PAR] 1. Johnny\u2019s mother had three children. The first child was named April. The second child was named May. What was the third child\u2019s name? [PAR] 2. A clerk at a butcher shop stands five feet ten inches tall and wears size 13 sneakers. What does he weigh? [PAR] 3. Before Mt. Everest was discovered, what was the highest mountain in the world? [PAR] 4. How much dirt is there in a hole that measures two feet by three feet by four feet? [PAR] 5. What word in the English language is always spelled incorrectly? [PAR] 6. Billie was born on December 28th, yet her birthday always falls in the summer. How is this possible? [PAR] 7. In British Columbia you cannot take a picture of a man with a wooden leg. Why not? [PAR] 8. If you were running a race and you passed the person in 2nd place, what place would you be in now? [PAR] 9. Which is correct to say, \u201cThe yolk of the egg is white\u201d or \u201cThe yolk of the egg are white?\u201d [PAR] 10. A farmer has five haystacks in one field and four haystacks in another. How many haystacks would he have if he combined them all in one field? [PAR] Answers [PAR] 3. Mt. Everest. It just wasn\u2019t discovered yet. [PAR] 4. There is no dirt in a hole. [PAR] 5. Incorrectly (except when it is spelled incorrecktly). [PAR] 6. Billie lives in the southern hemisphere. [PAR] 7. You can\u2019t take a picture with a wooden leg. You need a camera (or iPad or cell phone) to take a picture. [PAR] 8. You would be in 2nd place. You passed the person in second place, not first. [PAR] 9. Neither. Egg yolks are yellow. [PAR] 10. One. If he combines all his haystacks, they all become one big stack. [PAR] Okay, some of these are a bit corny. But they all illustrate several brain idiosyncrasies that affect how we make decisions in the world. [PAR] href=\"http://www.forbes.com/ebooks/the-forbes-quote-bible/?utm_source=articlelink&utm_medium=direct&utm_campaign=quotesebook\">Discover the timeless advice that the world\u2019s great thinkers, billionaires, writers and businesspeople have to offer. [PAR] Thanks to the way our brain works, we have a very strong tendency to see what we want to see and what we expect to see. This has huge implications when studying our customers, markets, competitors, and other data that influences key business decisions. [PAR] When we only see what we want or expect to see, we miss competitive threats because our brain tells us a threat couldn\u2019t possibly come from that direction. We miss opportunities because we only see what has worked in the past rather than what could be. And we miss major market shifts and changes in customer needs that seem obvious in hindsight but are easily overlooked when focusing on what we already know. [PAR] Our brain doesn\u2019t like information gaps, so we tend to jump at the first answer/solution that looks good rather than take the time to examine all the data. This is especially true in a world where we receive more information every day than we have time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rodgers & Hammerstein :: Our History Rodgers & Hammerstein :: Our History [PAR] Like this page on facebook. [PAR] 1944 - 1960 [PAR] This office has been around for a long time since 1944 to be precise. Rodgers & Hammerstein were the biggest force on Broadway when Broadway was the biggest force in popular entertainment. They produced plays, musicals, concerts and revivals. They presided over Broadway runs, London transfers, national tours and major motion pictures frequently all at once. They held onto everything they could, and controlled their own destinies. They were lionized and they were envied. And they kept their perspective. We may be big, Richard Rodgers once said. But were not U.S. Steel. [PAR] As artists, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II revolutionized the American musical. As businessmen, R&H revolutionized Broadway. Rodgers and Hammerstein fully understood that the show is just half of show business, wrote business historian John Steele Gordon in American Heritage (1990). They became the first men from the creative side of Broadway to establish a permanent organization to handle the business side of what they created. In doing so, they built a business empire that earned them the first great American fortune to be based on creative theatrical talent. [PAR] Like ASCAP, which had been established a generation before, R&H wanted to protect the writer; that they were writers themselves made the duo especially sensitive to the issues. They both detested Hollywood because there the writer was well paid but stuck at the bottom of the evolutionary scale; but on Broadway, on stage, they knew the writer could and should have control over his or her work. Producers held too many of the cards, they felt, and the best way to wrest some of that control was to become producers themselves. [PAR] As Gordon explains: In the 1920s and 30s, the authors of Broadway musicals usually got the short end of the stick, receiving a relatively small percentage of the gross receipts while the producers and the backers made off with the lions share of the profits if the show was a hit In addition to being financially marginalized, authors had little or no say over how their material was used. In his autobiography, Rodgers recounts his Broadway debut in 1920, when a score he wrote with Lorenz Hart for a show called POOR LITTLE RITZ GIRL had been brusquely jettisoned by the producer without their knowledge. Even now, he wrote in 1976, I can still feel the grinding pain of bitter disappointment and depression. [PAR] That incident transformed Rodgers. Protecting his own creations became a lifelong policy, and a credo he passed down to his children. The Bible in our house, his daughter Mary later recalled, was never sell your copyrights. Daddy used to say it was like selling your birthright. [PAR] Richard Rodgers & Oscar Hammerstein II backstage during rehersals for Oklahoma!, Spring 1943. [PAR] In 1942, Rodgers and Hammerstein began writing together under the auspices of the Theatre Guild; their assignment was to make a musical out of the Guilds play, GREEN GROW THE LIACS. With the bold artistic strides he and Hammerstein were making on the score for what would become OKLAHOMA!, Rodgers had a bold business notion too. Wed be suckers, he told Hammerstein, if we didnt publish it ourselves. Other songwriters had been their own music publishers before (Irving Berlin being a prime example and stellar success), but with OKLAHOMA!, R&H were seeking to set a system in place that would protect and nurture their works and those of others for decades to come. [PAR] Max"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which country's national symbol is a lotus flower ... Which country's national symbol is a lotus flower? | Reference.com [PAR] Which country's national symbol is a lotus flower? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The country whose national symbol is a lotus is India. Specifically, it's the Indian lotus, or Nelumbo nucifera. It is also called the sacred lotus. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In Indian or Hindu mythology, the lotus flower is revered because it produces a beautiful and fragrant flower even as its roots are in turbid waters. The lotus is also one of eight auspicious symbols that correspond to the Buddhist eight-fold path of enlightenment. As its petals unfold in the morning, Buddhists believe that the divine also unfolds within the soul. All of these attributes make the lotus a symbol of purity, enlightenment and resurrection. [PAR] The lotus is an aquatic plant that is surprisingly easy to grow and care for. It grows between 3 and 4 feet tall and has a 3 to 4 foot spread. In the United States, it blooms between July and September and needs full sun. The flower is deep pink or white and can be as large as 12 inches in diameter. The lotus opens in the morning and closes at night. Eventually, the flower gives way to a seed pod that's dried and used in flower arrangements. The plant also propagates through its rhizomes, which are a special kind of root. These rhizomes are edible, as are the leaves and the seeds.[DOC] [TLE] Lotus \u2013 the national flower of India - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu Lotus \u2013 the national flower of India - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu [PAR] Lotus \u2013 the national flower of India [PAR] Lotus \u2013 the national flower of India [PAR] August 15, 2012 00:00 IST [PAR] Updated: [PAR] August 15, 2012 05:15 IST [PAR] Share Article [PAR] August 15, 2012 00:00 IST [PAR] Updated: [PAR] August 15, 2012 05:15 IST [PAR] The Lotus, the national flower of India, is a symbol of supreme reality. Hindu religion and mythology portray goddess Saraswathi, the muse of learning, as being seated on a lotus flower. To the Indian psyche, the lotus is more than a flower \u2013 it represents both beauty and non-attachment. There is a saying that although it grows in mud, it smells of myrrh. Toru Dutt in her sonnet \u201cThe Lotus\u201d addresses the flower as the \u201cqueenliest flower that blows.\u201d [PAR] The lotus grows in fresh water ponds and lakes and in semitropical climates. It blossoms gradually and magnificently \u2013 one petal at a time and reaches full bloom when the rays of the sun kiss the flower. There are innumerable poems praising the love between the sun and the flower in literature in general and Indian literature in particular. The lotus is found in different colours, namely, white, red, blue, pink, and purple and is found in many Asian countries. [PAR] The lotus is edible and has many curative properties; its use in traditional Asian medicine is as old as history. The flower is used to brew lotus teas, which relieves cardiac complications and helps to stop bleeding. The roots of the plant help in getting rid of the body\u2019s toxic wastes and in strengthening the lives; it also helps in reducing body heat. The roots and rhizomes are useful in treating small pox, throat complications, pigmentation problems in skin, and diarrhoea. [PAR] The cooked lotus root is good for the stomach and the reproductive organs. It also helps to contract the blood vessels and prevents blood loss and complications such"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Andrew's Day - Fact Monster St. Andrew's Day [PAR] St. Andrew's Day [PAR] In 2008, St. Andrew's Day occurs on Monday 1 December [PAR] by Liz Olson [PAR] The National Flag of Scotland, inspired by the cross on which Saint Andrew was crucified [PAR] Related Links [PAR] 2012 [PAR] Friday 30 November [PAR] Scotland's newest holiday, St. Andrew's Day, was given royal assent in January 2007, making 30 November a bank holiday. If St. Andrew's Day falls on a weekend, the bank holiday is on the next Monday. In 2008, St. Andrew's Day occurs on Monday 1 December 2008. [PAR] Saint Andrew is the Patron Saint of Scotland as well as the patron of the Order of the Thistle, one of the highest ranks of chivalry in the world. James VII created the chivalric Order of Saint Andrew in 1687, which is an order of Knighthood restricted to the King or Queen and 16 others. [PAR] His Life [PAR] Andrew was born in Bethsaida in Galilee , the older brother of Saint Peter , and was a fisherman by trade. He was baptized by John the Baptist , and was the first apostle and disciple of Jesus . Saint Andrew and the other 11 apostles helped Jesus to spread the Christian faith. A Roman governor martyred Saint Andrew for his belief in Patras , Greece . A Roman governor martyred Saint Andrew in Patras, Greece for his religious beliefs. The cross on which he was crucified was x-shaped later the inspiration for the cross that forms the Saltire , Scotland's national flag. [PAR] Legend [PAR] Andrew's remains were entombed for 300 years before Constantine the Great ordered them to be moved to the new capital city of Constantinople , modern-day Istanbul . According to legend, a monk named St. Rule (also known as St. Regulus) was warned in a dream by an angel to move Andrew's bones far away for safe-keeping. The monk removed a tooth, an arm bone, a kneecap, and some fingers from Andrew's tomb and set off on a voyage by boat. He was shipwrecked on the east coast of Scotland near a Pictish village, which is called St. Andrew today. St Rule is said to have left the remains in the village. A tower named after St. Rule still stands around St. Andrews Cathedral. [PAR] Andrew's remains were placed in a chapel on the same site where the Cathedral of St. Andrews, built in the 11th century, still stands. During medieval times, the town of St Andrews was the religious capital of Scotland and a destination for pilgrims. The remains of Saint Andrew no longer reside in the cathedral, and although it is unknown what happened to them, many believe they were destroyed during the Scottish Reformation when many churches were plundered. [PAR] Remains Today [PAR] The rest of his remains, which were not taken by the monk, can be found in Almafi, Italy , where they have lain since 1210, when they were stolen from Constantinople. Pope Paul VI gave relics of Saint Andrew to Scotland in 1969. They are displayed in St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral in Edinburgh . [PAR] Celebrations [PAR] Saint Andrew's Day is celebrated all over Scotland with music, dancing, and traditional foods such as haggis , fish, Scotch broth, and whiskey. Glasgow hosts a Shindig in the Square; Edinburgh puts on a Jig in the Gardens; Aberdeen boasts a Doric Cabaret Evening; Dundee has music, dancing, and food; Stirling puts on a eilidh c; and Inverness has living history displays on the Culloden Battlefield . [PAR] Many"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] One Foot in the Grave (TV Series 1990\u20132001) - IMDb One Foot in the Grave (TV Series 1990\u20132001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] One Foot in the Grave [PAR] 1h 30min [PAR] Victor Meldrew is a retiree who attracts bad luck. If he's not driving his long suffering wife Margeret crazy with his constant moaning, he's fighting with neighbors. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Victor muses about life while in the bath. [PAR] 9.2 [PAR] The Meldrews, Mrs. Warboys, and Mr. Swainey take a trip into the countryside, where they end up stranded in a river and play Trivial Pursuit, Mrs. Warboys ends up concreted to Victor. [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] Margaret is visiting a relative in hospital. Victor is his usual self, complaining about everything; and Margaret is her usual self, pretending not to hear him...or is she? [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 22 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 02 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 08 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 03 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 05 Jul 2015 [PAR] Title: One Foot in the Grave (1990\u20132001) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 10 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Arkwright is a tight-fisted shop owner in Doncaster, who will stop at nothing to keep his profits high and his overheads low, even if this means harassing his nephew Granville. Arkwright's ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, David Jason, Lynda Baron [PAR] Long running BBC comedy show consisting of sketches and humourous musical routines involving the large Ronnie Barker and the small Ronnie Corbett. Most sketches involved both men, but ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, Ronnie Corbett, The Fred Tomlinson Singers [PAR] The prison life of Fletcher, a criminal serving a five-year sentence, as he strives to bide his time, keep his record clean, and refuses to be ground down by the prison system. [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, Brian Wilde, Fulton Mackay [PAR] Accident-prone Frank Spencer fails to navigate the simplest tasks of daily life, while also trying to look after his wife and baby. [PAR] Stars: Michael Crawford, Michele Dotrice, Jessica Forte [PAR] Classic 1960s British comedy series about a middle aged man and his elderly father who run an unsuccessful 'rag and bone' business (collecting and selling junk). Harold (the son) wants to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Wilfrid Brambell, Harry H. Corbett, Frank Thornton [PAR] This comedy series is all about two mates, Gary and Tony who share a two bedroom home. They are grown men who act like a couple of drunk two year olds, who spend their time either drinking ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Martin Clunes, Caroline Quentin, Leslie Ash [PAR] Popular sitcom set in a seedy bedsit lorded over by the mean, vain, boastful, cowardly landlord Rigsby. In each episode, his conceits are debunked by his long suffering tenants. [PAR] Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Don Warrington, Frances de la Tour [PAR] BBC sketch show that while continuing to show the misadventures of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bio of Golf Legend Harry Vardon - About.com Sports Bio of Golf Legend Harry Vardon [PAR] \u2022 British Open: 1896, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1911, 1914 [PAR] Awards and Honors: [PAR] Member, World Golf Hall of Fame [PAR] Quote, Unquote: [PAR] \u2022 Harry Vardon: \"Don't play too much golf. Two rounds a day is plenty.\" [PAR] \u2022 Golf writer Bernard Darwin on Harry Vardon: \"I do not think anyone who saw him play in his prime will disagree as to this, that a greater genius is inconceivable.\" [PAR] Trivia: [PAR] \u2022 Harry Vardon is one-third of Britain's famed \" Great Triumvirate \" of golfers. The other two members are J.H. Taylor and James Braid . [PAR] \u2022 Vardon is the only 6-time winner of the British Open . [PAR] \u2022 Scoring leaders on both the U.S. and European PGA Tours are awarded the Harry Vardon Trophy. [PAR] Harry Vardon Biography: [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Quick Tip: What Is the Vardon Overlap Golf Grip? [PAR] Harry Vardon was the first international golf celebrity, and easily one of the game's most influential players. [PAR] The grip he popularized is now known as the Vardon Grip (a k a, the overlapping grip); the \"Vardon Flyer\" golf ball may have represented the first equipment deal for a golfer; his instructional books continue, to this day, to influence golfers; he won majors with both the gutta-percha and Haskell golf balls. [PAR] Vardon was born in the Channel Islands, that group of islands in the English Channel between England and France. He took up golf in his teens and, inspired by his brother Tom's success as a professional, decided to dedicate himself, as well, to the game. He turned pro at age 20. [PAR] His first big win was the 1896 British Open , where he played in what would become his signature attire: knickers (reportedly the first golfer to play in knickers), dress shirt, tie and buttoned jacket. [PAR] Despite the cumbersome jacket, Vardon was known for a smooth, free-swinging motion. The World Golf Hall of Fame described his swing thusly: \"Vardon had a swing that repeated monotonously. His swing was more upright and his ball flight higher than his contemporaries, giving Vardon's approach shots the advantage of greater carry and softer landing. He took only the thinnest of divots .\" [PAR] His fame exploded in 1900 when he toured the United States, playing more than 80 exhibition matches - often against the better ball of two opponents - and winning more than 70 of them. [PAR] He won the U.S. Open that year, his only victory in the event, but as late as 20 years later - in 1920 at the age of 50 - he was runner-up in the tournament. At the 1913 U.S. Open , it was a Vardon loss that spurred growth in the game. Unheralded American amateur Francis Ouimet defeated Vardon and fellow Englishman Ted Ray in a playoff, an outcome credited with popularizing golf in the U.S. [PAR] Vardon was struck by tuberculosis late in 1903. His game was never as sound, but he recovered to win the British Open again in 1911 and 1914. He won the Open Championship six times total. [PAR] After leaving competitive golf, Vardon designed courses and wrote instructional books, one of which, The Gist of Golf, is still considered a classic:[DOC] [TLE] 1900 US Open Golf Tournament: Vardon's Victory 1900 US Open Golf Tournament: Vardon's Victory [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] Updated December 19, 2015. [PAR] Two-thirds of Britain's \" Great Triumvirate \" of golfers was entered in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Betting Directory | A-Z of betting terms Betting Directory | A-Z of betting terms [PAR] Betting Directory [PAR] [PAR] This handy alphabetical guide to betting terminology and betting terms will help you tell a Yankee from a Super Heinz and everything in between. If you have any questions about these terms or anything else betting-related, please just drop us a line at info@honestbettingreviews.com [PAR] [PAR] Accumulator: A multiple bet where the winnings from the first event or \u2018selection\u2019 are placed on the next and so on. All bets must be placed together in advance and all must be successful to win; an accumulator is \u2018all or nothing\u2019 and are generally thought to include four or more selections (3 being a treble, 2 a double). [PAR] Alphabet bet: A combination bet consisting of 26 separate bets over six selections: two patents (seven bets each), one Yankee (11 bets) and a six-fold accumulator. [PAR] Ante-post bet: A bet placed well in advance, in return for better odds. However, unless otherwise specified, you lose your money if your choice pulls out or is cancelled. [PAR] Banker: A horse or equivalent with extremely good chances of winning. [PAR] Bar/bar price: The shortest odds for a runner without a quoted price in an early betting summary. [PAR] Betfair SP: A bet placed on the Betfair exchange for a horse or equivalent at the starting price calculated by Betfair. The odds are calculated by matching SP backers with SP layers on the Betfair exchange. The odds are not known at the time the bet is placed. Betfair SP has been shown to consistently exceed industry SP. [PAR] Bank: The amount of money a gambler dedicates to his/her betting or a particular system, e.g. a person risking \u00a31,000 in total to a system may be said to have a (betting) bank of \u00a31,000. [PAR] Canadian/Super Yankee: A combination bet made up of five selections in different events, totalling 26 bets altogether: ten doubles, ten trebles, five four-fold accumulators and one five-fold accumulator. [PAR] Double: A multiple bet on two different selections, with the winnings from the first carried over onto the second. Both have to be successful in order to win anything (see \u2018accumulator\u2019). [PAR] Dutching: Backing more than one selection in the same event with the intention of making the same profit on each selection if they win. [PAR] Each way: A bet for a horse to win and place, with the same amount on each outcome. [PAR] Favourite: The horse thought most likely to be the winner, with the lowest odds as a result. [PAR] Fold: The number of selections in an accumulator. [PAR] Forecast: A bet on the top two or three finishers in a race. A straight forecast is the top two in the right order; a reverse forecast is the top two in either order, and a combination forecast names three choices, two of which must finish first and second. [PAR] Hedging: Placing a second bet in the same event so as to reduce your risk of losing money. [PAR] Heinz: A combination of 57 bets (the name comes from the 57 varieties in Heinz beans) over six selections in different events: 15 doubles, 20 trebles, 15 four-fold accumulators, six five-fold accumulators and one six-fold accumulator. [PAR] Goliath: A combination of 247 bets over eight selections: 28 doubles, 56 trebles, 70 four-folds, 56 five-folds, 28 six-folds, eight seven-folds and one eight-fold accumulator. [PAR] Jackpot: A bet where you have to name the winner of every race selected. [PAR] Joint favourite: When two horses are equally considered most likely to win;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lima, Capital of Peru - South America Travel Guide Everything you need to know about travel to Lima, Peru [PAR] By Bonnie Hamre [PAR] Updated February 23, 2016. [PAR] The capital of Peru lies on the Pacific Coast, and in the summer there is no doubt that it is a wonderful place to be with the golden sands being lapped by the blue waters of the sea. Just a few hundred yards away is the business center of the country, and the largest buildings in the city compete to get the best view out over the ocean. [PAR] For the visitor, Lima is a bustling and fascinating place to visit, with plenty of attractions to explore and a range of interesting neighborhoods that have their own personalities, and as one of the largest cities in South America, it is actually a fairly easy place to visit for the first time visitor. [PAR] Visiting the Seafront in Lima [PAR] If there is one area of Lima that will begin to capture the heart of a first time visitor, it is definitely the amazing surroundings of the Miraflores cliffs on a bright day that will catch the imagination. [PAR] This is very popular as a paragliding site, as the drop from the top of the cliffs down to the beach below offers a great launching point, and you will see tens of the fabric arches floating on the air currents above the beach on a good day. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] America's Best Foodie Cities [PAR] If you do want to get a thrill and a good view of the city, there are companies that offer tandem paragliding trips with an expert guide to control the flight for you. [PAR] The Architectural Heritage and Museums [PAR] There are some beautiful buildings and colonial architecture to be enjoyed in the city, and the district of Pueblo Libre is one of the most popular areas to visit, and it was here that the legendary liberator Simon Bolivar lived for a period. [PAR] The National Museum of Archeology, Anthropology and Peruvian History is a fascinating place to visit in the district, while La Cruz del Viajero is another monument in the district, and is a cross set there by Franciscan monks in the seventeenth century. [PAR] The Bridge of Sighs in the Barranco district is another popular place to visit in Lima, as it is a wooden bridge that is a destination for couples particularly to enjoy the romantic location, which is just a short distance from the beach. [PAR] What to Do While You're in Lima [PAR] The city of Lima was founded by the conquistadors, but there are a couple of Inca ruins in Pucllana and Pachacamac that are worth visiting, although they are not as grand as those found elsewhere in the country. [PAR] You should also look to visit the Chocolate Museum, which is a wonderful attraction for families, as you can learn about the history of Peruvian chocolate, and even get the chance to make your own chocolate. For those who enjoy the attractive architecture, exploring the Church of San Francisco is also a good experience. [PAR] The Best Places to Stay in the City [PAR] The two most popular districts where visitors can stay are those near the center, namely Barranco and Miraflores, and those near the waterfront will usually be the large luxury hotels. [PAR] For those on a budget, Barranco has some nice hostels, but bear in mind that it is the nightlife district of Lima so you may find that it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fastest Pitcher in Baseball by Baseball Almanac Fastest Pitcher in Baseball by Baseball Almanac [PAR] Miles / Min [PAR] Velocity of Light [PAR] So how fast was Feller ? The Meter to Record Feller's Speed article mentioned it was specifically going to examine his pitching speed. Satchel Paige , who could bring on the heat himself, believed Feller was the fastest and told teammates, \"If anybody threw that ball any harder than Rapid Robert , then the human eye couldn't follow it.\" Feller once mentioned that he was clocked at 104 mph at Lincoln Park in Chicago. He also claimed he was clocked at 107.9 mph in a demonstration in 1946 at Griffith Stadium. At the Aberdeen Proving Grounds he was measured using the ever-popular speeding motorcycle test, once used in 1914 with Walter Johnson who reached 99.7 mph, and Feller reached 98.6 mph. The results of the test from the \"new meter\" were reported the day after the initial article: [PAR] Humphreys' 'Hard' Un' Faster Than Feller's, Meter Shows [PAR] CLEVELAND (AP) - Three Boston Red Sox threw a baseball 122 feet a second into a new photo-electric pitching meter yesterday. Three Cleveland Indians could do only 119 feet. [PAR] Pitchers were not included in yesterday's test but \"unofficially,\" Bob Feller of Cleveland threw three balls into the meter from a distance of 20 feet. The best mark he recorded was 119 feet. His less-touted teammate, pitcher Johnny Humphreys , recorded 127 feet. There will be a contest for pitchers later. [PAR] Jimmy Foxx , Jim Tabor , and Roger Cramer made it a clean Boston sweep with a first-place tie in yesterday's fielders contest. [PAR] The best the Indians could do was a tie at 119 feet by Ben Chapman , Julius Solters and Jim Shilling . [PAR] Cleveland men who developed the speed meter said the only comparable scientific marks were made in 1917. Walter Johnson threw the ball 134 feet a second, Christy Mathewson 127 and \"Smoky Joe\" Wood 124. Their speeds were shown by a gravity drop interval recorder. [PAR] Source: Richmond (VA) Times Dispatch, June 7, 1939. [PAR] The results from the \"contest for pitchers\" have never been found. Since machine testing was rare and uncommon we are left with a scientific void about historical flamethrowers. Early comments about fastball pitchers can be found in many old newspapers and offer some interesting insight into who was considered fastest during this early era: [PAR] \"He ( Lefty Grove ) was the fastest pitcher who ever lived.\" - Ford Frick [PAR] \"Smokey Joe (Williams) could throw harder than all of them.\" - Satchel Paige in Blackball Stars (1988) [PAR] \"You can talk about the speed of Walter Johnson or Amos Rusie , but I doubt that either had any more speed than (Chief) Bender when he was at his best. He was not physically as strong as some others, but he had long, tapering fingers and a peculiar whip to his arm that certainly drove that baseball through the air.\" - Eddie Collins [PAR] \"You can't hit what you can't see.\" - Joe Tinker talking about Rube Marquard . [PAR] Another fascinating account of a fastball pitcher, who is often credited as one of the fastest ever, was described in great detail by baseball historian Jonathan Fraser Light. The \"twist\" here is this pitcher never appeared in a Major League game! [PAR] Steve Dalkowski. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTo understand how Dalkowski, a chunky little man with thick glasses and a perpetually dazed expression, became a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlegend in his own time\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd...\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Pat Jordan in The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Hurdle: 7 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Hurdle: 7 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] How to Hurdle [PAR] Two Parts: Before the Event During The Event Community Q&A [PAR] Hurdling is usually done in different events: 60 meter hurdles, 80 meter hurdles, 100 meter hurdles, 110 meter hurdles, 300 meter hurdles, and 400 meter hurdles. Hurdlers compete at almost any track-and-field meet, from middle school events, all the way to the Olympics. Hurdling is a great sport that requires good fitness, flexibility, upper body strength, and, most of all, perseverance. [PAR] Steps [PAR] Stretch. If you don't stretch, you can become seriously injured. (Pulling hamstrings are common) [PAR] 2 [PAR] Run a few practice hurdles. Make sure you have your lead and trail legs figured out before the race starts. The lead leg is the leg that goes over the hurdle extended before your body. [PAR] http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/c/cf/Hurdle-Step-2-Version-5.jpg/550px-Hurdle-Step-2-Version-5.jpg [PAR] http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/c/cf/Hurdle-Step-2-Version-5.jpg/300px-Hurdle-Step-2-Version-5.jpg [PAR] /a/a7/Hurdle Step 2 Version 4.360p.mp4 [PAR] The lead leg is usually the leg that people use to catch themselves while falling. People can trip forward or have someone push them to find which leg makes sense for them. Many people also switch back and forth between legs which is a possibility. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Count your steps. The number of steps you take will depend on long the course is, as well as on the person's height, weight, speed, the height of their jump, the length of the jump, and even their usual sprinting stride length. You might take 4-5 steps before the first hurdle on a 60m course and 6-8 on a 100m course. [PAR] http://pad1.whstatic.com/images/thumb/3/32/Hurdle-Step-3-Version-5.jpg/550px-Hurdle-Step-3-Version-5.jpg [PAR] http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/3/32/Hurdle-Step-3-Version-5.jpg/300px-Hurdle-Step-3-Version-5.jpg [PAR] /5/50/Hurdle Step 3 Version 4.360p.mp4 [PAR] Steps in between will be different for every person. One thing to note, however, is that if the hurdles are evenly spaced, you should have the same amount of steps in between every hurdle. You should not take three huge steps and then eight little steps... Instead maybe take 6 regular stride steps. [PAR] Picture yourself going barely an inch over the jump. You might find that when you try to get as low as possible, you end up clearing the jump by plenty, while increasing your speed. Practice really does make perfect! And leaning forward opens a whole new world of speed. [PAR] Part 2 [PAR] During The Event [PAR] 1 [PAR] Start the race in a sprint . You want to be going pretty fast before you reach the first hurdle, and you want to be able to make it to the first hurdle at the right speed to have your favored foot forward. [PAR] http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/2/2f/Hurdle-Step-4-Version-5.jpg/550px-Hurdle-Step-4-Version-5.jpg [PAR] /4/4b/Hurdle Step 4 Version 4.360p.mp4 [PAR] 2 [PAR] Do not slow down at the first hurdle: your momentum is what will carry you over. When you are about 1 to 2 feet away from the hurdle, bring the foot that isn't on the ground (lead leg) up to your butt and then quickly extend it up over the hurdle. [PAR] http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/7/7b/Hurdle-Step-5-Version-5.jpg/550px-Hurdle-Step-5-Version-5.jpg [PAR] /c/c5/Hurdle Step 5 Version 4.360p.mp4 [PAR] 3 [PAR] Drag the trail leg sideways over the side of the hurdle after the lead leg has passed over. The ankle and the knee are supposed to be the same distance from the ground. The straight line along the shin/calf in between the ankle and the knee must be parallel to the ground and must be parallel to the hurdle. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Continue the race, trying to pick up speed towards the end. Clearing the last hurdle can be difficult, but if you push yourself too much, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Netball playing positions - ActiveSG Netball playing positions - ActiveSG [PAR] Netball playing positions [PAR] File photo credit: Wikipedia [PAR] By Christabel Yang [PAR] If you\u2019ve seen a netball game, you\u2019ve probably wondered what the alphabets on those bibs represent and why the players seem to be restricted within certain areas of the court. Well, in this guide we'll help you break them down into layman terms. [PAR] There are 7 different playing positions in netball and each of them signify different areas of play. They are namely: [PAR] 1. Goal Shooter [PAR] 6. Goal Defence [PAR] 7. Goal Keeper [PAR] Each position is confined by certain lines of the court, and if the player moves beyond these lines, you\u2019ll hear the whistle blow followed by a call that says \u201cOffside!\u201d. And that is exactly what we would want to avoid. [PAR] 1. Goal Shooter (GS) [PAR] The main role of the Goal Shooter (GS) is to score, by shooting the ball into the hoop. This can only be done within the goal circle. The GS is not allowed to score a goal beyond the perimeters of the goal circle. The outcome of the game depends on the number of shots put in by the GS. [PAR] Area of play: The opposing team\u2019s goal third, including the goal circle. [PAR] Common traits: The GS is usually among the taller players of the team, has steady hands and accurate shooting skills. She must also have quick reflexes to catch rebounds. [PAR] 2. Goal Attack (GA) [PAR] The Goal Attack (GA) is responsible for setting up offensive plays and scoring goals. She also feeds the ball to the GS to shoot. She works very closely with the GS, and it is not uncommon to see exceptional camaraderie between the duo. [PAR] Area of play: The opposing team\u2019s goal third, including the goal circle, and the centre third. [PAR] Common traits: The GA is usually among the taller players on the team, has strong passing ability and accurate shooting skills. [PAR] 3. Wing Attack (WA) [PAR] The Wing Attack (WA) is chiefly responsible for moving the ball down from the centre third to the goal third and for feeding the ball into the shooters\u2019 hands, which includes both the GS and the GA. Their job is to create as many chances to score as possible. [PAR] Area of play: The opposing team\u2019s goal third, excluding the goal circle, and the centre third. [PAR] Common traits: The WA is usually the fastest player on court, has solid passing skills, and excellent footwork and ball handling skills. [PAR] 4. Centre (C) [PAR] The Centre starts and restarts the game from the centre circle each time a goal is scored. She dictates the pace of her team\u2019s play, creates space on court and is depended upon for both attacking and defending. She is required to take the offensive by shifting the ball from the defensive area to the attacking side, and also switches to take a defensive stance when required. She is also required to feed the ball to the shooters in the goal circle. [PAR] Area of play: Anywhere except the goal circles of both teams. [PAR] Common traits: She has an exceptional fitness level, strong passing skills, and the ability to analyse and change her team\u2019s play if necessary. [PAR] 5. Wing Defence (WD) [PAR] The Wing Defence (WD) is always on the defensive, unless there\u2019s a turnover and she has to bring the ball down to her attacking side. She is responsible for defending the opposing team\u2019s players, mainly the WA,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic opening ceremony: Muhammad Ali carries the flag in ... Olympic opening ceremony: Muhammad Ali carries the flag in London | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Muhammad Ali was already a part of Olympic history before last night's opening ceremony of the London Games. [PAR] Not only did he win a gold medal as a young boxer, but he also provided one of the most memorable moments of any opening ceremony when he lit the Olympic flame in Atlanta 16 years ago. [PAR] And the sporting legend cemented his place in the Olympic story on Friday night, when he helped to carry the official flag to its place in the centre of the arena alongside other humanitarian icons. [PAR] Hero: Muhammad Ali made an appearance at the Olympics opening ceremony in London last night [PAR] Famous: Mr Ali lit the Olympic flame at the start of the 1996 games in Atlanta to widespread acclaim [PAR] Champion: Mr Ali, then known as Cassius Clay, won a gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics [PAR] Mr Ali, widely considered one of the greatest American sportsmen of all time, took the gold medal in the light heavyweight boxing at the Rome Games in 1960. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] At Atlanta in 1996, he was given the honour of lighting the cord which set off a flaming arrow directed at the Olympic torch, marking the official start of the Games. [PAR] Although he was visibly suffering from Parkinson's Disease, his appearance as an icon of sporting genius and resilience was widely praised. [PAR] Carrying the flag: The boxer joined other iconic figures in the important ceremonial duty [PAR] Frail: But Mr Ali nonetheless was met with a raucous reception from the 80,000-strong crowd in the stadium [PAR] The organisers of the London Games were doubtless hoping to re-capture some of that magic when they invited Mr Ali to appear in last night's ceremony. [PAR] Dressed in a white suit and tie and wearing sunglasses, he joined the likes of UN secretary general Ban Ki-Moon and conductor Daniel Barenboim in carrying the Olympic flag to its pole. [PAR] Other flag-bearers included double gold-medal-winner Haile Gebrselassie and Doreen Lawrence, whose teenage son Stephen Lawrence was murdered in a case which later became iconic as a landmark in British history. [PAR] Sitting down: Mr Ali had his wife Lonnie by his side throughout his ceremonial role [PAR] Back in time: Mr Ali's appearance in London was reminiscent of his contribution to previous Olympics [PAR] Mr Ali appeared extremely frail, and was able to walk only the last few steps of the journey with the flag. [PAR] He was supported by his wife Lonnie, and sat down on a chair while the flag was being raised. [PAR] Nonetheless, the legendary figure received a raucous reception from the 80,000-strong crowd, delighted to see him on his feet and participating in a great sporting spectacle despite his debilitating illness. [PAR] Earlier in the week, Mr Ali took part in fundraising for the Muhammad Ali Center and promoted his social media site, generationali.org. [PAR] He also met with his successors on Team USA, who were doubtless keen to pick up tips for Olympic success."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women rowers embark on historic Thames race - CNN.com Women rowers embark on historic Thames race - CNN.com [PAR] 8 of 8 [PAR] (CNN) [PAR] For more than 150 years, men's rowing crews from Oxford and Cambridge have battled it out for supremacy in the annual University Boat Race on London's River Thames. [PAR] A lot of water has passed under the bridge since the race was first contested over the four-and-a-quarter mile course between Putney and Mortlake in 1845, but never have two women crews from the UK's oldest universities raced on that same famed waterway. Until now. [PAR] Follow @cnnsport [PAR] On Saturday, in a long overdue break with tradition, two female teams will compete in the Women's Boat Race on the route and on the same day as their male counterparts for the first time. [PAR] \"We are all really excited about it happening. It's a really major step for women's rowing bringing the Women's Boat Race to the Tideway (the part of the Thames subjected to tides),\" said David Searle, Executive Director of the Boat Race Company , who organize the annual event. [PAR] It's a really major step for women's rowing bringing the Women's Boat Race to the Tideway. [PAR] David Searle, Executive Director of the Boat Race Company [PAR] \"It's been on people's wish list to happen for a very long time. It's really very exciting and the fulfillment of loads of different people's ambitions and the efforts of a vast number of people from the organizers to women's clubs to the men's clubs as well who have been very accommodating.\" [PAR] Read More [PAR] The women's race started back in 1927 and during the early years the two crews of eight would race separately down a route with judges marking rowing style as well as speed. [PAR] Since the 1970s, the race has been run a week before the men's event over a course at Henley-on-Thames, 40 miles west of London. [PAR] Searle says moving the race to the UK capital this year is the result of several years of planning and a cash injection from boat race sponsors BNY Mellon and Newton . [PAR] \"They realized they couldn't just plonk them straight on the tideway. So they invested in them in total for four years, but really seriously invested for two years,\" said Searle, who made two Boat Race appearances for Cambridge during the 1970s. [PAR] Head coach of the Oxford woman's team, Christine Wilson says the cash injection has been invaluable. [PAR] \"What the sponsorship is allowing is for these women to become models of what's possible,\" Wilson told Bloomberg.com . [PAR] \"As much as this is about athletic performance and boat speed and a standard of athletic achievement, it is also about showing women in the world that this is possible.\" [PAR] Saturday's race will also break new ground in terms of distance with both crews having to row nearly 7,000 meters this year, compared to the 2,000 meters they have been used to at Henley. [PAR] The enormity of the task cannot be underestimated, but Searle says the atmosphere in the build up to the race has been electric. [PAR] The future is super positive. The race has been in existence since 1927, but this is a new tradition we are establishing here and it's going to be just like the men's race. [PAR] David Searle, Executive Director of the Boat Race Company [PAR] \"It's a massive deal. I've got to say that the smiles on the faces is actually really good to see because they are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of Sports - Every Sport List of Sports - every sport from around the world [PAR] basketball [PAR] Complete Sports List [PAR] 3D Archery \u2014 a form of archery in which the goal is to strike targets in the shape of animals at unknown distances. [PAR] 3x3 \u2014 a variation of basketball played on a half court with just three players in each team. [PAR] Abseiling \u2014 an adventure sport where the participants descend a steep formation using a rope. (not really a sport). [PAR] Acroski \u2014 athletes on snow skis perform various choreographed routines (once called Ski Ballet) [PAR] Adventure Racing \u2014 an event combining two or more endurance disciplines, such as Orienteering, Cross-Country Running, Mountain Biking, Paddling and Climbing. It is also called Expedition Racing. [PAR] Aerials \u2014 a freestyle skiing discipline in which athletes ski along a take-off ramp, then perform various in-air tricks. [PAR] Aerobatics \u2014 sport aerobatics involves aircraft maneuvers such as rolls, loops, stall turns (hammerheads), and tailslides. [PAR] Acrobatic Gymnastics \u2014 team of gymnasts work together to perform acrobatic moves in combination with dance moves. [PAR] Aerobic Gymnastics \u2014 another name for Sport Aerobics . [PAR] Aeromodeling \u2014 activity using remotely controlled flying model aircraft (not really a sport). [PAR] Aggressive Inline Skating \u2014 Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with the focus on grinding and spins. [PAR] Aikido \u2014 Shodokan Aikido (also called Sport Aikido) is a style of the martial art Aikido that is used for competitions. [PAR] Air Hockey \u2014 played on an air-hockey table, participants try to hit a puck elevated on a cushion of air into the opponents goal. [PAR] Air Racing \u2014 a sport involving flying airplanes over a fixed course low to the ground. [PAR] Airsoft \u2014 a skirmish sport in which participants eliminate opponents by hitting them with spherical non-metallic pellets from replica firearms. Similar sports are Laser Tag and Paintball . [PAR] All-Terrain Boarding \u2014 another name for Mountainboarding . [PAR] Alpine Skiing \u2014 commonly known as Downhill Skiing, involves racing down snow-covered hills on skis with fixed-heel bindings. There are alpine skiing competitions in disciplines such as slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and downhill. [PAR] Alpinism \u2014 the sport of mountain climbing. [PAR] American Football \u2014 a team sport played on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. Each team attempts to advance an oval ball down the field into the end zone by running or passing it. It is also known in some parts of the world (outside of the US) as Gridiron. In the US it is referred simply as football. Variations include Arena Football , 6-Man Football . [PAR] American Handball \u2014 players use their hands to hit a small rubber ball against a wall. There are three versions (four-wall handball, three-wall handball and one-wall handball) that can each be played by either two, three or four players. It can be compared to squash without rackets. It is very different from the Olympic sport of (Team) Handball . [PAR] Angling \u2014 often used to refer to fishing, it is the principal method of sport fishing [PAR] Aquabike \u2014 a variation of Triathlon , with no running leg. Athletes swim followed by cycling. [PAR] Aquajogging \u2014 water running competitions, athletes race in water while maintaining an upright position. [PAR] Aquathlon (1) \u2014 an underwater sport where two competitors wearing masks and fins wrestle underwater in an attempt to remove a ribbon from each other's ankle band. It is also known as Underwater Wrestling. [PAR] Aquathlon (2) \u2014"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London 2012 Olympics: athletics guide - Telegraph London 2012 Olympics: athletics guide - Telegraph [PAR] London 2012 Olympics: athletics guide [PAR] Read Telegraph Sport's guide to athletics events at the London 2012 Olympics. [PAR] RUNNING [PAR] The running and walking disciplines are staged over events ranging from 100m to 50km. [PAR] Besides the marathon and race walk events, held on the road, the running will take place on a 400m oval track inside London\u2019s Olympic stadium. [PAR] While the majority of races are on the flat, the hurdles and steeplechase competitions require athletes to jump over barriers en route to the finish line. [PAR] JUMPING [PAR] In long jump, athletes sprint down a runway before propelling themselves as far as possible into a sand pit. [PAR] Triple jump is similar in form, although competitors have to complete a hop and a step before completing the jump. Smooth transitions are essential. [PAR] For the high jump, the object is to leap over a bar that is then raised with each successful attempt. Three attempts are possible at every stage and the winner is the athlete who arches over the bar at the greatest height. Pole vault adheres to the same rules, but here competitors must use a long, flexible pole to launch themselves into the air. [PAR] THROWING [PAR] The throws are divided into javelin, shot put, discus and hammer. [PAR] Athletes are given six attempts to throw the object as far as possible into a field. A delicate balance of speed, technique and explosive power is needed. [PAR] Events/disciplines [PAR] Men\u2019s 200 metres, women\u2019s 200 metres, [PAR] Men\u2019s 400 metres, women\u2019s 400 metres [PAR] Men\u2019s 800 metres, women\u2019s 800 metres [PAR] Men\u2019s 1500 metres, women\u2019s 1500 metres [PAR] Men\u2019s 5,000 metres, women\u2019s 5,000 metres [PAR] Men\u2019s 10,000 metres, women\u2019s 10,000 metres [PAR] Men\u2019s 3,000 metre steeplechase, women\u2019s 3,000 metre steeplechase [PAR] Men\u2019s 110 metre hurdles, women\u2019s 100 metre hurdles [PAR] Men\u2019s 400 metre hurdles, women\u2019s 400 metre hurdles [PAR] Men\u2019s 20km race walk, women\u2019s 20k race walk [PAR] Men\u2019s 50 km race walk [PAR] Men\u2019s marathon, women\u2019s marathon [PAR] Men\u2019s 4 x 100 metre relay, wwomen\u2019s 4 x 100 metre relay [PAR] Men\u2019s 4 x 400 metre relay, women\u2019s 4 x 400 metre relay [PAR] Men\u2019s decathlon, women\u2019s heptathlon [PAR] JUMPING [PAR] Men\u2019s long jump, women\u2019s long jump [PAR] Men\u2019s triple jump, women\u2019s triple jump [PAR] Men\u2019s high jump, women\u2019s high jump [PAR] Men\u2019s decathlon, women\u2019s heptathlon [PAR] Men\u2019s pole vault, women\u2019s pole vault [PAR] THROWING [PAR] Men\u2019s hammer, women\u2019s hammer [PAR] Men\u2019s shot put, women\u2019s shot put [PAR] Men\u2019s javelin, women\u2019 javelin [PAR] Men\u2019s discus, women\u2019s discus [PAR] Men\u2019s decathlon, women\u2019s heptathlon [PAR] Gold medals available [PAR] Image 1 of 17 [PAR] RUNNING [PAR] In all running events a good start is imperative, but in sprinting it can be the difference between winning a medal and just missing out. [PAR] A smooth, relaxed sprinting style with powerful strides and driving arms attains maximum speed. Don't forget to lean forward at the finish line in case of a photo finish. [PAR] In the longer track events (800m and 1500m) athletes must conserve energy for a big sprint finish without falling too far behind the rest of the field. These events are a tactical minefield with everyone wondering what everyone else is planning. [PAR] The longest events require stamina and determination to keep going till the very end. [PAR] JUMPING [PAR] Strength and flawless technique are essential in jumping events, in order to generate as much speed as possible before take-off. [PAR] In the triple and high jump, an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Questions - Documents - DOCSLIDE.US My Questions - Documents [PAR] Documents [PAR] Share My Questions [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html\" width=\"750\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html\" title=\"My Questions\" target=\"_blank\">My Questions</a></div> [PAR] size(px) [PAR] Download My Questions [PAR] Transcript [PAR] Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line \"Stick a pony in me pocket\"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show \"A Question Of Sport\"? Which \"Generation Game\" presenter was famous for his catchphrase \"Shut That Door\"? \"No Mean City\" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as \"La Cosa Nostra\"? What was the Titanic\u2019s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series \"Just Good Friends\"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film \"The Karate Kid\"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means \"empty orchestra\"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Bradman Statistics \u2013 The Greatest Ever | Bradman ... Donald Bradman Statistics \u2013 The Greatest Ever | Bradman Foundation [PAR] 211 [PAR] How many Sixes did Don Bradman hit in his Test career? [PAR] Don hit just six sixes in his Test career, five v. England and one v. India. He also hit two fives and a staggering 618 fours in Test cricket. [PAR] How many Test wickets did he take? [PAR] Two. The first was taken in December 1930. A West Indies player, Ivan Barrow, LBW to Bradman for 27 runs, first Test in Adelaide, second innings. The second was when he bowled Walter Hammond for 85 runs in the spiteful third Test in Adelaide, January 1933, second innings. [PAR] When was Don\u2019s first century? [PAR] Don Bradman\u2019s first century (115 n.o.) was played when he was 12 ie. the 1920/21 season. The young Don was playing for Bowral School against Mittagong School. The exact date is unknown. [PAR] Was Don Bradman nervous in his first Test appearance? [PAR] Don Bradman has been recorded as feeling a great ease when playing cricket, and unlike many others, he has described himself as being fortunate not to suffer nerves like so many other batsman. [PAR] Fellow teammates have also described his confidence and ability to concentrate his performance particularly when rising to dangers and difficulties at the crease. [PAR] Walter Hammond, former England Test Captain: \u201cI was forced to admire the cool way Don batted. On one or two occasions, when he was well set, and when he saw me move a fieldsman, he would raise his gloved hand to me in mock salute, and then hit the next ball exactly over the place from which the man had just been moved. Reluctantly I had to admit once more that he was out of the ordinary run of batsmen \u2013 a genius!\u201d [PAR] Bill Brown, former Australian Test batsman: \u201cHe could analyse the game much more deeply and quickly than the average player. He controlled the game so much when he was at the wicket.\u201d [PAR] CB Fry, former England Test cricketer: \u201cThis young man owes half his perfection to an outright power of concentration\u201d. [PAR] Current test records still held by Don Bradman [PAR] Highest Individual Test Batting Average (minimum 15 innings) 99.94 [PAR] Highest Test Batting Average for a 5-Test Series 201.50 (v South Africa, Australia, 1931-32) [PAR] Equal top-scorer of triple centuries (with Lara) 2 [PAR] 5th wicket partnership (with Sid Barnes 1946-47) 405 [PAR] Only Test batsman to score more than 5,000 runs v an opponent (5,028 v England) [PAR] 7 times scored 500 or more runs in a Test series (Equal with Lara) [PAR] Six times scored centuries in an interval (once pre lunch, twice lunch-tea, three times tea-stumps) [PAR] Scored the most runs in a single day\u2019s play 309 v England, Leeds, 1930 [PAR] Awards & Honours [PAR] Knighted in 1949. The only Australian cricketer ever to receive a knighthood and the first Test cricketer so honoured. [PAR] Received a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1979. [PAR] Voted the greatest male athlete of the past 200 years by the Australian Confederation of Sport in 1988. [PAR] Selected as one of only two Australians by International Who\u2019s Who top 100 people who have done the most to shape the 20th century. The other (former) Australian selected was Rupert Murdoch [PAR] Nominated among the Top Ten sportspeople of the 20th century by the World Confederation of Sport. [PAR] Named Male Athlete of the Century in 1999 by the Sport Australia Hall of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 50: Best Selling Cars Of All Time - HubPages Top 50: Best Selling Cars Of All Time [PAR] Top 50: Best Selling Cars Of All Time [PAR] Updated on February 20, 2009 [PAR] Introduction [PAR] With all the millions of cars made and sold over the last 100 years, what are the best selling? This Top 50 has all the biggest sellers from around the world. The info on sales has been found all over the net to compile a current list of the big sellers. [PAR] Any car with only one date and a + after the number is currently in production. The Chevrolet Camaro is not as \"in production\" because it not due out till Spring 09. [PAR] 50. Peugeot 405 (1988-1997) - 3,461,800 [PAR] 50. Peugeot 405 (1988-1997) - 3,461,800 [PAR] 49. Peugeot 504: (1968-2005) - 3,713,400 [PAR] 49. Peugeot 504: (1968-2005) - 3,713,400 [PAR] 48. Fiat 127: (1971-1983) - 3,750,000 [PAR] 48. Fiat 127: (1971-1983) - 3,750,000 [PAR] 47. Citroen 2CV: (1948-1990) - 3,872,583 [PAR] 47. Citroen 2CV: (1948-1990) - 3,872,583 [PAR] 46. Fiat 500: (1957- ) - 3,900,000+ [PAR] 46. Fiat 500: (1957- ) - 3,900,000+ [PAR] 45. Pontiac Grand Am: (1973-2005) - 4,000,000 [PAR] 45. Pontiac Grand Am: (1973-2005) - 4,000,000 [PAR] 44. Ford Cortina: (1962-1982) - 4,279,079 [PAR] 44. Ford Cortina: (1962-1982) - 4,279,079 [PAR] 43. Ford Model A: (1927-31) - 4,320,446 [PAR] 43. Ford Model A: (1927-31) - 4,320,446 [PAR] 42. Opel Ascona: (1970-1988) - 4,400,000 [PAR] 42. Opel Ascona: (1970-1988) - 4,400,000 [PAR] 41. Fiat 126: (1973-2000) - 4,671,586 [PAR] 41. Fiat 126: (1973-2000) - 4,671,586 [PAR] 40. Chevrolet Camaro: (1967-2002) - 4,800,000 [PAR] 40. Chevrolet Camaro: (1967-2002) - 4,800,000 [PAR] 39. Ford Ranger: (1983- ) - 5,150,000+ [PAR] 39. Ford Ranger: (1983-) - 5,150,000+ [PAR] 38. Ford E-Series: (1961- ) - 5,200,000+ [PAR] 38. Ford E-Series: (1961- ) - 5,200,000+ [PAR] 37. Peugeot 205: (1983-1998) - 5,278,000 [PAR] 37. Peugeot 205: (1983-1998) - 5,278,000 [PAR] 36. Toyota Land Cruiser: (1953- ) - 5,300,000+ [PAR] 36. Toyota Land Cruiser: (1953- ) - 5,300,000+ [PAR] 35. Ford Crown Victoria: (1980- ) - 5,500,000+ [PAR] 35. Ford Crown Victoria: (1980- ) - 5,500,000+ [PAR] 34. Ford Focus: (1998- ) - 5,500,000+ [PAR] 34. Ford Focus: (1998- ) - 5,500,000+ [PAR] 33. Mitsubishi Galant: (1969- ) - 5,550,000+ [PAR] 33. Mitsubishi Galant: (1969- ) - 5,550,000+ [PAR] 32. Ford Explorer: (1991- ) - 5,700,00+ [PAR] 32. Ford Explorer: (1991- ) - 5,700,00+ [PAR] 31. Nissan Sunny: (1966- ) - 5,900,000+ [PAR] 31. Nissan Sunny: (1966- ) - 5,900,000+ [PAR] 30. Buick Le Sabre: (1959-2005) - 6,000,000 [PAR] 30. Buick Le Sabre: (1959-2005) - 6,000,000 [PAR] 29. Peugeot 206: (1998- 2007 ) - 6,100,000 [PAR] 29. Peugeot 206: (1998-2007) - 6,100,000 [PAR] 28. Chevrolet Cavalier: (1982-2005) - 6,200,000 [PAR] 28. Chevrolet Cavalier: (1982-2005) - 6,200,000 [PAR] 27. Vauxhall/Opel Vectra: (1988-2008) - 6,500,000 [PAR] 27. Vauxhall/Opel Vectra: (1988-2008) - 6,500,000 [PAR] 26. BMC/BL/BMW Mini: (1959- ) - 6,700,000+ [PAR] 26. BMC/BL/BMW Mini: (1959- ) - 6,700,000+ [PAR] 25. Ford Taurus: (1986- ) - 6,750,000+ [PAR] 25. Ford Taurus: (1986- ) - 6,750,000+ [PAR] 24. Fiat Punto: (1993- ) - 6,800,000+ [PAR] 24. Fiat Punto: (1993- ) - 6,800,000+ [PAR] 23. Renault 4: (1961-1992) - 8,150,000 [PAR] 23. Renault 4: (1961-1992) - 8,150,000 [PAR] 22. Ford Mustang: (1964- ) - 8,300,000+ [PAR] 22. Ford Mustang: (1964- ) - 8,300,000+ [PAR] 21. Renault 5: (1972-1996) - 8,800,000 [PAR] 21. Renault 5: (1972-1996) - 8,800,000 [PAR] 20. Renault Clio: (1991- ) - 8,900,000+ [PAR] 20. Renault Clio: (1991- ) - 8,900,000+ [PAR] 19. Fiat Uno: (1983-"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the Ferrari Prancing Horse Logo - Etiziano History of the Ferrari Prancing Horse Logo [PAR] History of the Ferrari Prancing Horse Logo [PAR] Logo Design Resources \u2192 [PAR] The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood, and, optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on the sides of both front wings, close to the door. [PAR] On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italian air force and national hero of World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would bring him good luck. The original \"prancing horse\" on Baracca's airplane was painted in red on a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow background as this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward. [PAR] Ferrari has used the cavallino rampante on official company stationery since 1929. Since the Spa 24 Hours of July 9, 1932, the cavallino rampante has been used on Alfa Romeos raced by Scuderia Ferrari. [PAR] The motif of a prancing horse is old, it can be found on ancient coins. A similar black horse on a yellow shield is the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart, home of Mercedes-Benz and the design bureau of Porsche, both being main competitors of Alfa and Ferrari in the 1930s. The city's name derives from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the German word Gest \u00fct, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia. Porsche also includes the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centred in the emblem of the state of W\u00fcrttemberg. Stuttgart's R\u00f6ssle has both rear legs firmly planted on the soil, like Baracca's horse, but unlike Ferrari's cavallino. [PAR] Fabio Taglioni used the cavallino rampante on his Ducati motorbikes, as Taglioni was born at Lugo di Romagna like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilot during WWI (although not part of Baracca's squadron, as is sometimes mistakenly reported). As Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps the result of a private agreement between the two companies. [PAR] The cavallino rampante is now a trademark of Ferrari. Cavallino Magazine uses the name, but not the logo. However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 filling stations, uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's, as does Iron Horse Bicycles. Many pay homage to the Ferrari logo, e.g. the Jamiroquai album Travelling Without Moving.[DOC] [TLE] The Story Behind The Prancing Horse Of Ferrari Logo ... The Story Behind The Prancing Horse Of Ferrari Logo | Brief Guide To [PAR] The Story Behind The Prancing Horse Of Ferrari Logo [PAR] ~ emma88au [PAR] Ferrari is among the world\u2019s most-recognized luxury car brands. Founded in 1939 by Enzo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Invented the Car? - History of the Automobile Who Invented the Car? - History of the Automobile [PAR] Who Invented the Car? [PAR] A Frenchmen made the first automobile, but its evolution was a worldwide effort. [PAR] History of Cars. Gaetty Images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated July 01, 2016. [PAR] The very first self-powered road vehicles were powered by steam engines and by that definition Nicolas Joseph Cugnot of France built the first automobile in 1769 - recognized by the British Royal Automobile Club and the Automobile Club de France as being the first. So why do so many history books say that the automobile was invented by either Gottlieb Daimler or Karl Benz? It is because both Daimler and Benz invented highly successful and practical gasoline-powered vehicles that ushered in the age of modern automobiles. Daimler and Benz invented cars that looked and worked like the cars we use today. However, it is unfair to say that either man invented \"the\" automobile. [PAR] History of the Internal Combustion Engine - The Heart of the Automobile [PAR] An internal combustion engine is any engine that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder - the piston's movement turns a crankshaft that then turns the car wheels via a chain or a drive shaft. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Should I Buy my House or Continue to Rent? [PAR] The different types of fuel commonly used for car combustion engines are gasoline (or petrol), diesel, and kerosene. [PAR] A brief outline of the history of the internal combustion engine includes the following highlights: [PAR] 1680 - Dutch physicist, Christian Huygens designed (but never built) an internal combustion engine that was to be fueled with gunpowder. [PAR] 1807 - Francois Isaac de Rivaz of Switzerland invented an internal combustion engine that used a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for fuel. Rivaz designed a car for his engine - the first internal combustion powered automobile. However, his was a very unsuccessful design. [PAR] 1824 - English engineer, Samuel Brown adapted an old Newcomen steam engine to burn gas, and he used it to briefly power a vehicle up Shooter's Hill in London. [PAR] 1858 - Belgian-born engineer, Jean Joseph\u00c9tienne Lenoir invented and patented (1860) a double-acting, electric spark-ignition internal combustion engine fueled by coal gas. In 1863, Lenoir attached an improved engine (using petroleum and a primitive carburetor) to a three-wheeled wagon that managed to complete an historic fifty-mile road trip. (See image at top) [PAR] 1862 - Alphonse Beau de Rochas, a French civil engineer, patented but did not build a four-stroke engine (French patent #52,593, January 16, 1862). [PAR] 1864 - Austrian engineer, Siegfried Marcus *, built a one-cylinder engine with a crude carburetor, and attached his engine to a cart for a rocky 500-foot drive. Several years later, Marcus designed a vehicle that briefly ran at 10 mph that a few historians have considered as the forerunner of the modern automobile by being the world's first gasoline-powered vehicle (however, read conflicting notes below). [PAR] 1873 - George Brayton, an American engineer, developed an unsuccessful two-stroke kerosene engine (it used two external pumping cylinders). However, it was considered the first safe and practical oil engine. [PAR] 1866 - German engineers, Eugen Langen and Nikolaus August Otto improved on Lenoir's and de Rochas' designs and invented a more efficient gas engine. [PAR] 1876 - Nikolaus August Otto invented and later patented a successful four-stroke engine, known as the \"Otto cycle\". [PAR] 1876 - The first successful two-stroke engine was invented"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Perfect Replica of BACK TO THE FUTURE Delorean ... - Collider Perfect Replica of BACK TO THE FUTURE Delorean For Sale. Minus Working Flux Capacitor | Collider | Collider [PAR] Perfect Replica of BACK TO THE FUTURE Delorean For Sale. Minus Working Flux Capacitor [PAR] SHARE TWEET [PAR] 0 [PAR] If you\u2019re a Back to the Future fan, an auction has just gone up on eBay that will make you wish you had an extra $70 grand lying around. That\u2019s because someone is selling \u201cthe most screen accurate Back to the Future Delorean Time Machine replica to ever appear on eBay\u201d. At least according to the seller. But after looking over the pictures, I have to say, he might be right. I am absolutely floored by how accurate the car looks to what was on screen, and I really suggest hitting the jump and looking at some of the pictures. Also, the key features of the car are incredible. [PAR] Here\u2019s some of the highlights: [PAR] \u2013 Built on a beautiful, super-clean, stock 1981 5-speed manual transmission DMC-12 with over $16,000 of mechanical work and upgrades performed at DMC California in September of 2008. \u2014 Approx. 78K miles on vehicle. [PAR] \u2014 Programmable time circuits which function just like those in the film. [PAR] \u2014 Functioning digital speedometer on the dashboard (reads actual vehicle speed). [PAR] \u2014 Main Time Circuit switch functions just like in the film, with all sound effects. [PAR] \u2014 All interior indicators and switches light up, just like in the film, [PAR] \u2014 Sound effects for door openings. [PAR] \u2014 Includes \u201cPlutonium rods,\u201d which can be loaded in to the \u201creactor\u201d on the rear of car, just like in the film. [PAR] \u2014 Exterior flux band lighting [PAR] \u2014 Custom \u201c95 MPH\u201d in-dash speedometer like the one mocked up for the film. The stock Delorean speedometer only goes up to 85MPH. [PAR] \u2014 Screen-accurate \u201cOUTATIME\u201d metal-stamped license plate with 1986 registration tag. [PAR] \u2014 Eagle Goodyear GT tires, as seen in the film (not pictured). [PAR] Here\u2019s what was written on the eBay page with some of the pictures from the auction. Check out the actual auction for even more pictures. [PAR] Well, if you\u2019ve been looking for a Delorean Time Machine, look no further. This is the most screen accurate Back to the Future Delorean Time Machine replica to ever appear on eBay. It is a real masterpiece. You might be asking yourself why it\u2019s so expensive? Well, try to build a super-accurate Delorean Time Machine yourself, and you\u2019ll quickly see how time consuming it is. That last 20% of accuracy takes 500% more time and effort. [PAR] You also might wonder if you could just try to buy one of the \u201creal\u201d cars from the movie. Well, sadly, the \u201cactual\u201d film cars have been rotting away on the Universal backlot for the last 25 years, being picked apart and neglected. You wouldn\u2019t want it. This car is what you want, a car that looks exactly like what you saw in the film, with all the cool lights, sounds and buttons you thought the car in the film had (but never really did). People are often really disappointed when they see a prop up close. Movie props are designed to be filmed from a distance, but this car truly looks and feels \u201creal\u201d even up close. It is in many ways \u201cbetter\u201d than the \u201creal\u201d car, as many replica props often are, because the people who build them spend so much more time and effort tending to every last detail. [PAR] Changes in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Audi History | Classic Audi Models | Audi USA Audi History | Classic Audi Models | Audi USA [PAR] Audi history [PAR] A symbol of progressive engineeringThe four rings [PAR] It's one of the most multi-faceted stories ever told in the history of the automobile. The Audi emblem with its four rings identifies one of Germany\u2019s oldest-established automobile manufacturers. It symbolizes the amalgamation in 1932 of four previously independent motor-vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. These companies form the roots of what is today AUDI AG. [PAR] Pioneering Audi visionaryAugust Horch [PAR] The story of Audi began in 1899 August Horch founded Horch & Cie. in Cologne. It was there that he helped build his first car. After differences of opinion with the board, August Horch left the company and formed a second car company. Because his surname was already in use and was protected by trademark, he chose its Latin translation for the new company. So \"horch!\" \u2013 or \"hark\" \u2013 became \"audi!\". It was a brilliant idea that came from the son of one of August Horch's business partners. [PAR] Thanks to his victorious involvement in the Austrian Alpine Runs, August Horch succeeded in making Audi internationally known in just a few years. After the First World War, August Horch withdrew from the company and moved to Berlin to work as an independent automotive expert. [PAR] A legend, condensedAudi highlights [PAR] Take a trip through the storied past of Audi and learn about everything from the production of the first left hand drive vehicle to the invention of legendary Audi quattro\u00ae all-wheel drive. Soon, you'll understand why Audi is one of the most hallowed names in any industry.[DOC] [TLE] The history of AUDI The history of AUDI [PAR] The Audi history concerning the quattro concept [PAR] [PAR] The Audi history begins with a man called August Horch, who founded the Company HORCH & CO in 1899.He invented his first car 1901 with the help of 15 fellow workers. The car had a max. speed of 32 km/h. In 1909 Mr. Horch had to leave his company due to major problems with the commercial management and founded another company called Audi. \" Audi\" is the Latin translation for \"Horch\" and he took that name because he wanted to build cars under his own name. So the brand \"AUDI Automobilwerke GmbH\" was registraded in 1910. Until the First World War some of the cars built under the Audi name won several rallies, which helped to establish the name worldwide. During the first war Audi was forced to produce vehicles for the war effort, and then after the war the recession was also a tremendous problem for the company. Therefore the founder August Horch left the management in 1920. The company managed to get through the hard times from 1927 to 1930, but in 1931 the management recognized that only a union with other vehicle manufacturer could keep Audi alive. At that time the AUTO UNION was founded, the members were DKW, HORCH, WANDERER and AUDI. The new companies insignia to show the union of the four companies was the now familiar 4 rings , which are still used by Audi today. [PAR] The new union had great success in motor sport in the ensuing years. The most powerful car that was build before the 2nd world war was a 6 litre V 16 engine with 382 KW( 582PS) in 1936. In the years during the 2nd world war the AUTO UNION once again were forced to build vehicles for German military. Many motorcycles, engines, different war vehicles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is The Longest Road in the United States? - Ask the ... What Is The Longest Road in the United States? - Ask the Rambler - General Highway History - Highway History - Federal Highway Administration [PAR] Home / Resources / Highway History / General Highway History / Ask the Rambler / What Is The Longest Road in the United States? [PAR] Ask the Rambler [PAR] What Is The Longest Road in the United States? [PAR] Welcome, once again, to the popular feature which allows the Rambler to make up a question he already knows the answer to, pretend he had to do a lot of eye-straining research, and submit a voucher for \"travel expenses.\" Well, he's done it again, and we're not falling for it. But here's his answer anyway. [PAR] Background [PAR] The longest road in the United States was once the second longest: U.S. 20 from Boston, Massachusetts, to Newport, Oregon. [PAR] This map of the Northwest shows the final routing of U.S. 20, U.S. 30, and other U.S. highways as approved by the American Association of State Highway Officials on November 11, 1926. Click for larger version 2 mb [PAR] When the State and Federal highway officials on the Joint Board on Interstate Highways conceived the U.S. numbered highway system in 1925, they decided that numbers ending in zero would be assigned to the transcontinental or major east-west routes, with the lowest number in the north (U.S. 2 was assigned to the northernmost route to avoid using U.S. 0). The transcontinental or major east-west routes were: [PAR] U.S. 2: Houlton, Maine, to Bonners Ferry, Idaho. [PAR] U.S. 10: Detroit, Michigan, to Seattle, Washington. [PAR] U.S. 20: Boston, Massachusetts, to Astoria, Oregon. [PAR] U.S. 30: Atlantic City, New Jersey, to Salt Lake City, Utah. [PAR] U.S. 40: Wilmington, Delaware, to San Francisco, California. [PAR] U.S. 50: Annapolis, Maryland, to Wadsworth, Nevada. [PAR] U.S. 60: Chicago, Illinois, to Los Angeles, California. [PAR] U.S. 70: Morehead City, North Carolina, to Holbrook, Arizona. [PAR] U.S. 80: Savannah, Georgia, to Laredo, Texas. [PAR] U.S. 90: Jacksonville, Florida, to Van Horn, Texas. [PAR] The description of U.S. 20 in the Joint Board's report of October 30, 1925, read (all spellings as in the original): [PAR] From Boston, Massachusetts, to Springfield, Pittsfield, Albany, New York, Auburn, Batavia, Buffalo, Erie, Pennsylvania, Cleveland, Ohio, Maumee, South Bend, Indiana, Chicago, Illinois, Rockford, Dubuque, Iowa, Waterloo, Webster City, Sioux City, O'Neill, Nebraska, Chadron, Lusk, Wyoming, Casper, Shoshoni, Greybull, Yellowstone National Park, Idaho Falls, Idaho, Pocatello, Twin Falls, Boise, Payette, Pendleton, Oregon, Umatilla, The Dalles, Portland, Astoria.[Emphasis added] [PAR] The Secretary of Agriculture forwarded the Joint Board's report to the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) for adoption. This transmittal reflected the fact that the States owned the roads. AASHO asked the States for their concurrence in the Joint Board's proposed plan and numbering. [PAR] A Numbering Switch [PAR] On December 30, 1925, Roy A. Klein, Secretary of the Oregon Highway Commission, wrote to William C. Markham, AASHO's Executive Secretary. Klein explained that the northwestern States supported the plan but had a number of concerns, including the routing of U.S. 20 and U.S. 30. On this matter, he said: [PAR] The Highway Commission of Oregon approves the numbering of the routes in Oregon with the exception of route #20. This route as at present shown on the map makes a long detour to the north through Yellowstone Park, thence south to Pocatello, Idaho and continues on to the Coast via the Columbia River Gateway. Many sections of this road are unimproved and the route"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rules for drivers and motorcyclists (89 to 102) - The ... Rules for drivers and motorcyclists (89 to 102) - The Highway Code - Guidance - GOV.UK [PAR] Rules for drivers and motorcyclists (89 to 102) [PAR] Rules for drivers and motorcyclists (89 to 102) [PAR] The Highway Code rules for drivers and motorcyclists, including vehicle condition, fitness to drive, alcohol and drugs, what to do before setting off, vehicle towing and loading and seat belts and child restraints. [PAR] Vehicle condition (rule 89) [PAR] Rule 89 [PAR] Vehicle condition. You MUST ensure your vehicle and trailer comply with the full requirements of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations and Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations (see \u2018 The road user and the law \u2019). [PAR] Fitness to drive (rules 90 to 94) [PAR] Rule 90 [PAR] Make sure that you are fit to drive. You MUST report to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) any health condition likely to affect your driving. [PAR] Rule 91 [PAR] Driving when you are tired greatly increases your risk of collision. To minimise this risk [PAR] make sure you are fit to drive. Do not begin a journey if you are tired. Get a good night\u2019s sleep before embarking on a long journey [PAR] avoid undertaking long journeys between midnight and 6 am, when natural alertness is at a minimum [PAR] plan your journey to take sufficient breaks. A minimum break of at least 15 minutes after every two hours of driving is recommended [PAR] if you feel at all sleepy, stop in a safe place. Do not stop on the hard shoulder of a motorway [PAR] the most effective ways to counter sleepiness are to drink, for example, two cups of caffeinated coffee and to take a short nap (at least 15 minutes) [PAR] Rule 92 [PAR] Vision. You MUST be able to read a vehicle number plate, in good daylight, from a distance of 20 metres (or 20.5 metres where the old style number plate is used). If you need to wear glasses (or contact lenses) to do this, you MUST wear them at all times while driving. The police have the power to require a driver to undertake an eyesight test. [PAR] Slow down, and if necessary stop, if you are dazzled by bright sunlight. [PAR] Rule 94 [PAR] At night or in poor visibility, do not use tinted glasses, lenses or visors if they restrict your vision. [PAR] Alcohol and drugs (rules 95 to 96) [PAR] Rule 95 [PAR] Do not drink and drive as it will seriously affect your judgement and abilities. [PAR] In England and Wales you MUST NOT drive with a breath alcohol level higher than 35 microgrammes/100 millilitres of breath or a blood alcohol level of more than 80 milligrammes/100 millilitres of blood. [PAR] In Scotland the legal limits are lower. You MUST NOT drive with a breath alcohol level higher than 22 microgrammes/100 millilitres of breath or a blood alcohol level of more than 50 milligrammes/100 millilitres of blood. [PAR] Alcohol will [PAR] give a false sense of confidence [PAR] reduce co-ordination and slow down reactions [PAR] affect judgement of speed, distance and risk [PAR] reduce your driving ability, even if you\u2019re below the legal limit [PAR] take time to leave your body; you may be unfit to drive in the evening after drinking at lunchtime, or in the morning after drinking the previous evening. [PAR] The best solution is not to drink at all when planning to drive because any amount of alcohol affects your ability to drive safely. If you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Culture - The VW Beetle: How Hitler\u2019s idea became a ... BBC - Culture - The VW Beetle: How Hitler\u2019s idea became a design icon [PAR] History [PAR] The VW Beetle: How Hitler\u2019s idea became a design icon [PAR] An idea that came from Hitler would become the best-selling car of all time. Jonathan Glancey explains our enduring love for the Volkswagen Beetle. [PAR] By Jonathan Glancey [PAR] 21 October 2014 [PAR] In 1945, a rare and curious Volkswagen car was shipped from its bomb-damaged German factory to England. Here, a commission of leading British motor manufacturers, chaired by Sir William Rootes, inspected the small, streamlined saloon. It would be \u201cquite unattractive to the average motorcar buyer\u201d, the commission reported. \u201cIt is too ugly and noisy\u201d, while \u201cto build the car commercially would be a completely uneconomic enterprise.\u201d [PAR] This damning judgement proved as ill founded as that of Decca record bosses who, in 1962, declared \u201cThe Beatles have no future in show business\u201d, and turned the mop-tops down. Since then, global sales of highly lucrative Beatles\u2019 albums have topped two billion. The Volkswagen Beetle, meanwhile, with its friendly styling by the Austrian designer Erwin Komenda, and innovative engineering by Ferdinand Porsche, became the best-selling car of all time. [PAR] Production of the Beetle outstripped that of Henry Ford\u2019s Model-T when the 15,007,034th car rolled off the line at Wolfsburg in 1972. The very last Beetles were made in Mexico in 2003 by when more than 21.5 million had been built worldwide. As its name made clear, the Volkswagen was truly a \u2018People\u2019s Car\u2019, and, although many modifications were made between 1945 and 2003, the first and last Beetles were clearly peas in the the same mechanical pod. [PAR] Star vehicle [PAR] The remarkable thing about the Beetle is not just the sheer number of sales, but the fact that a car developed from an idea of Adolf Hitler\u2019s was to become as loved by Californian surf dudes, college kids and free lovin\u2019 hippies as it was desired by fervent Nazis. Herbie \u2013 the anthropomorphic star of six Hollywood movies beginning with The Love Bug in 1968 \u2013 was the same car German families had saved up for before Hitler\u2019s invasion of Poland dashed their hopes. [PAR] Ultimately, the sheer quality, along with the affordability, reliability, economy and distinct look and feel of the Beetle, ensured its success. It had, though, been touch and go for Volkswagen in 1945. Although the car had been on the drawing board since 1934, following a meeting between Hitler and Porsche, the Volkswagen failed to get into production before the war. [PAR] The idea had been for a small saloon that could carry a German family of five flat-out at 100kph along the country\u2019s new autobahns. It was to have cost 990 Reich Marks, which represented 31 weeks\u2019 pay for the average German worker in 1936, making it cheaper than the \u00a3100 Fords being made in England (31 weeks pay for the average British worker in 1936 was about \u00a3100). To buy one, however, members of the Volk had to join a special savings scheme run by the organisation KdF (Kraft durch Freude, or Strength through Joy); from 1938, the Volkswagen was officially named the KdF Wagen. [PAR] There was little joy, though, in rival engineering camps. The Czech car company, Tatra, claimed that Porsche had infringed several design patents, notably those by Hans Ledwinka, an Austrian engineer much admired by Hitler. Tatra took legal action, but Hitler invaded Austria, seized its factory and banned Ledwinka\u2019s VW-like prototypes from public"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Brief History of the Czech Republic - Local Histories A Brief History of the Czech Republic [PAR] A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC [PAR] By Tim Lambert [PAR] THE FIRST CZECHS [PAR] From about 400 BC what is now the Czech Republic was inhabited by a Celtic race. The Romans called them the Boii and they gave their name to Bohemia. Then about 100 AD a Germanic people called the Marcomanni conquered the area. The Romans traded with the Marcomanni and sometimes fought with them but they never conquered this part of the world. [PAR] In the sixth century a Slavic people entered what is now the Czech Republic. According to legend a man called Cech led them. However for centuries they were only a collection of tribes not a single, united people. [PAR] However in the 9th century a people called the Moravians from the frontier of the Czech Republic and Slovakia created an empire in Central Europe. It was called the Great Moravian Empire and it included what is now the Czech Republic, Slovakia and parts of Germany and Poland. [PAR] German missionaries began to convert the people of the empire to Christianity. Then the ruler Ratislav (846-870) asked the Byzantine emperor to send missionaries. He sent St Methodius and St Cyril. [PAR] Wenceslas inherited the throne of Bohemia (Czech Republic) in 921 when he was 14. When he came of age he tried to convert his people to Christianity. However people led by his brother Boleslav opposed him. In 929 Wenceslas was murdered. Afterwards he was canonized (declared a saint). Moreover the march of Christianity could not be stopped and soon all of Bohemia was converted. [PAR] The Moravian Empire reached a peak under Svatopluk (871-894). However in 896 a fierce people from the east called Magyars invaded. They conquered Slovakia but the Czechs remained independent. [PAR] THE CZECHS IN THE MIDDLE AGES [PAR] Furthermore the different tribes in what is now the Czech Republic gradually became united under the Premyslid dynasty. However the Germans overshadowed them. In 950 Bohemia became part of the Holy Roman Empire. [PAR] What was this empire? The Christian writer Augustine claimed that God created the Roman Empire for the good of mankind. He said there should be one empire led by an emperor just as there was one church led by the pope. In the early 9th century a man named Charlemagne conquered most of western and central Europe. He claimed he was the successor of the old Roman emperors (even though his empire did not include Rome). [PAR] After his death his empire split into three parts. The eastern part eventually became Germany. However the ruler of the eastern past kept the title emperor. In time his realm became known as the Holy Roman Empire. However it soon became a patchwork quilt of states and the emperor had little power. The Czechs resisted any interference by the emperors in their domestic affairs. [PAR] In the 13th century Bohemia (Czech Republic) prospered. Silver and gold were discovered and mining became an important industry. German settlers, craftsmen, farmers and miners were encouraged to come and live in Bohemia. Towns and trade flourished. [PAR] The Premyslid dynasty ended in 1306 when Vaclav III was assassinated. Eventually the Czech nobles offered the throne to John of Luxembourg, husband of Vaclav's sister. [PAR] The 14th century was a golden age for the Czechs. John, who ruled until 1346 spent most of his time abroad but his son Charles or Karel IV was a great ruler. Under him Bohemia became rich and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Africa to Record Largest Population Growth Over Next 40 Years Africa to Record Largest Population Growth Over Next 40 Years [PAR] Africa to Record Largest Population Growth Over Next 40 Years [PAR] September 12, 2013 11:13 AM [PAR] Jennifer Lazuta [PAR] A woman poses for a photograph with her children in front of house in the slum of Makoko in Lagos, Nigeria, January 22, 2013 [PAR] Share [PAR] See comments [PAR] DAKAR \u2014 A new report predicts that sub-Saharan Africa will record the world's largest population growth between now and 2050. According to the Population Reference Bureau, the world's poorest region will more than double in population, from 1.1 billion to 2.4 billion. [PAR] By the year 2050, the report states Africa's population is likely to grow by a staggering 1.3 billion people -- the largest growth of any region in the world, including Asia, which currently has about 60 percent of people on the planet. [PAR] Sub-Saharan Africa, where fertility rates are among the highest in the world, will account for the majority of the increase. In sub-Saharan Africa, the population is expected to grow from 926 million people to nearly 2.2 billion people. [PAR] Africa's population explosion has the potential to zoom past current estimates, said Carl Haub, a senior demographer at the Population Reference Bureau, a Washington-based non-profit group. [PAR] \u201cSub-Saharan Africa has, without a doubt, the greatest population growth potential of any region,\" said Haub. \"The projection today is that it will increase by about two and a half times. But the important thing to remember is that even that projection assumes that the birth ate in sub-Saharan Africa will decrease. And in many of those countries today, it [has] not.\u201d [PAR] People crowd a street in a market in Lagos, which is expected to overtake Cairo soon as Africa's largest city. [PAR] The Population Reference Bureau report shows that women in sub-Saharan Africa currently average 5.2 children during their lifetime, compared to averages of 1.6 in Europe and 1.9 in North America. [PAR] In some African countries, such as Niger, the birth rate is as high as 7.6 children per woman. And even the assumption that this rate will decline steadily over the coming decades, the population of Niger is still expected to nearly quadruple by 2050, according to Haub. [PAR] In the past, population growth in many African countries was slowed by high rates of HIV/AIDS and infant mortality. But recent improvements in access to health care across the continent mean that people are living longer. [PAR] While this is a good thing, African countries must now actively work to reduce their fertility rates in order to keep future population growth in check, said Haub. [PAR] \u201cOne of the main things is to include family planning services with maternal health. And inform couples about the different methods and what they can do to either reduce the number of children or to space births out,\" he said. \"It\u2019s much healthier for a woman to have at least two years between the births. And that\u2019s had some success in a few countries. I think it\u2019s fair to say that in many of the other countries, the willingness to do that is really not there.\u201d [PAR] Haub added that if African populations do grow at projected rates - or even faster - it could lead to many problems, including higher rates of poverty and unemployment, and environmental degradation. That trend might also affect foreign aid from donors, many of whose budgets are already strained by growing numbers of people who need assistance."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Girl From Ipanema: Brazil's Most Famous Song The Girl From Ipanema: Brazil's Most Famous Song [PAR] Share [PAR] By Carlos Quintana [PAR] \" The Girl From Ipanema ,\" originally known in Portuguese as \"Garota De Ipanema,\" is the most famous Brazilian song ever recorded in history. This track, which was written in 1962 by Antonio Carlos Jobim (aka Tom Jobim) and Vinicius de Moraes, two of the greatest Brazilian artists of all time, was responsible for providing Brazilian music with an unprecedented worldwide exposure. In the following lines, I will share with you some facts regarding the story and memorable recordings of one of the most enduring tracks in Latin music. [PAR] The Birth of \"Garota De Ipanema\" [PAR] \"The Girl From Ipanema\" is a good example of the powerful appeal that simple things have in life. The story of this song starts in the 1960s. Back then, Tom Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes used to hang out in a small bar located in the beach of Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro. The two artists, who used to spend their afternoons with a nice glass of whisky, never missed the opportunity to admire the beautiful girls of the area. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Top 5 Grossing Movies of All Time [PAR] In the winter of 1962, a gorgeous girl who used to stop by the bar on a regular basis caught the attention of the two artists. Her name was Heloisa Eneida Menezes Paes Pinto, a young resident of the Ipanema district. Her good looks and elegance inspired the famous lyrics of this song. [PAR] From \"Garota De Ipanema\" to \"The Girl From Ipanema\" [PAR] On August 2, 1962, \"Garota De Ipanema\" was played for the first time in a small night club of Copacabana. For 40 nights, Tom Jobim, Vinicius de Moraes and a talented guitarist named Joao Gilberto played the song for the crowd. People loved it from the very beginning. Besides \"Garota De Ipanema,\" during that gig the legendary trio introduced other famous Bossa Nova songs including tracks like \"Samba Do Aviao\" and \"So Danco Samba\". [PAR] In spite of the fact that \"Garota De Ipanema\" was already popular among the crowd in Copacabana, the first recording of the song was not produced by Tom Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes. In 1963, the singer Pery Ribeiro became the first artist to record this song. [PAR] That same year, however, Tom Jobim was able to record the song too. He included an instrumental version of \"The Girl From Ipanema\" on his first American production entitled The Composer of \"Desafinado\" Plays. Although this version was well accepted, it did not enjoy the popularity of the next recording. [PAR] On March 1963, Tom Jobim joined American Jazz saxophonist Stan Getz, Joao Gilberto and Astrud Gilberto to record the first English version of \"Garota De Ipanema\" for the album Getz/Gilberto . Soon after the release of this production, the song became a worldwide hit. [PAR] After getting a Grammy award, the song was recorded by the top artists of the time including Frank Sinatra who worked with Tom Jobim in the making of a Bossa Nova album together. Since then, \"The Girl From Ipanema\" has beem recorded by the best artists in the world. [PAR] Thanks to \"The Girl From Ipanema,\" Bossa Nova took the world by storm. The popularity of Brazilian music can be divided in two parts: Before and after \"The Girl From Ipanema.\" This song has been recorded over a 500 times by some of the most famous singers in the world including"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Zealand - Cultural life | history - geography ... New Zealand - Cultural life | history - geography | Britannica.com [PAR] Cultural life [PAR] William Ferguson Massey [PAR] Cultural milieu [PAR] New Zealand\u2019s cultural influences are predominantly European and Maori . Immigrant groups have generally tended to assimilate into the European lifestyle, although traditional customs are still followed by many Tongans, Samoans, and other Pacific peoples. Maori culture suffered greatly in the years of colonization and into the 20th century, and many Maori were torn between the pressure to assimilate and the desire to preserve their own culture. However, since the 1950s there has been a cultural renaissance, with a determined effort to preserve and revive artistic and social traditions. The culture of the pakeha (the Maori term for those of European descent) has come to incorporate many aspects of Maori culture. The biennial Te Matatini festival, first held in 1972, celebrates Maori culture, especially the traditional dance and song performances known as kapa haka . The festival is held over several days, each time in a different region of New Zealand, and culminates in the national kapa haka championship. [PAR] Maori King Tuheitia Paki sitting on the throne at his coronation at Ngaruawahia, near Hamilton, New \u2026 [PAR] AP [PAR] The state has moved progressively to assist and encourage the arts. Creative New Zealand, the national agency for arts funding, gives annual grants in support of theatre , music, modern dance and ballet , opera , and literature . In addition, New Zealand was one of the first countries to establish a fund to compensate writers for the loss of royalties on books borrowed from libraries rather than purchased. The national orchestra is supported by the government through the Ministry for Culture and Heritage. The government also provides taxation and other incentives for the motion-picture industry, and New Zealand-made films have received growing international recognition. [PAR] Daily life and social customs [PAR] The Maori culture has seen a renaissance in wood carving and weaving and in the construction of carved and decorated meeting houses (whare whakairo). Maori waiata (songs) and dances have become increasingly popular, especially among the young. Maori meetings\u2014whether hui (assemblies) or tangi (funeral gatherings)\u2014are conducted in traditional fashion, with ancient greeting ceremonies strictly observed. Waves of migrants have also brought different cultures that are celebrated in a variety of ways\u2014for example, in annual festivals such as the Chinese Lantern Festival and Lunar New Year and the Indian festival Diwali . [PAR] Maori performing kapa haka near Wellington, New Zealand. [PAR] Photograph: Nick Servian Photography. www.nickservian.com [PAR] Carvings in front of a Maori meetinghouse in New Zealand. [PAR] \u00a9 Sam D. Cruz /Shutterstock.com [PAR] Rakaia River [PAR] New Zealand cuisine has also been influenced by the foods of immigrants and the expectations of international tourists. It was originally a combination of traditional British dishes with local delicacies. Fresh seafood was popular along the coasts; mutton , venison , and meat pies were common. Pavlova, a sweet meringue dish, was and remains a popular dessert . Food, however, has become more imaginative and cosmopolitan , and there are many restaurants , bistros, and caf\u00e9s in the major cities and towns that present a range of classic and ethnic menus. A traditional Maori meal is hangi, a feast of meat, seafood, and vegetables steamed for hours in an earthen oven (umu). [PAR] New Zealand celebrates a number of national public holidays . Waitangi Day \u2014February 6, the anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (1840)\u2014is considered the country\u2019s national day. Commemorations are centred on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Wonders of India: Taj Mahal - YouTube 7 Wonders of India: Taj Mahal - YouTube [PAR] 7 Wonders of India: Taj Mahal [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 4, 2009 [PAR] The Taj Mahal (also \"the Taj\"), located in Agra, is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Turkish, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. The focus of the Taj Mahal is the white marble tomb, which stands on a square plinth consisting of a symmetrical building with an iwan, an arch-shaped doorway, topped by a large dome. It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658), grandson of Akbar the great, in the memory of his queen Arjumand Bano Begum, entitled 'Mumtaz Mahal'. The plinth and tomb took roughly 12 years to complete. The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years and were completed in order of minarets, mosque and jawab and gateway. A labour force of 20,000 workers was recruited across northern India. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Taj Palace - The Luxury 5 Star Hotel of New Delhi Taj Palace - The Luxury 5 Star Hotel of New Delhi [PAR] close [PAR] [PAR] The luxurious Taj Palace, New Delhi, is spread out over six acres of lush gardens in the heart of India\u2019s capital city. It is an oasis of calm while still being right in the middle of the city\u2019s action. Not surprisingly, then that our 403 rooms and suites have played gracious host to princes, heads of state, corporate czars and high-powered conferences and the grandest of weddings for close to four decades. [PAR] At Taj Palace there\u2019s business and more.Located in close proximity to the protected greens of Delhi offering a breathtaking view, Taj Palace holds a prominent place in the city\u2019s prestigious Diplomatic Enclave. Close to the seat of the Government, Delhi\u2019s business district, the commercial hub of Gurgaon and the Domestic & International airport, the hotel offers modern business facilities seamlessly infused with epitomizing elements of exquisite Indian art. At Taj Palace there\u2019s business and more. [PAR] The hotel is a legendary food and wine connoisseur\u2019s heaven. It is home to a several multi-award-winning fine-dining restaurants specialising in Vietnamese, Continental-European and Indian cuisines. Alongside, we have a tea and coffee lounge serving the world's finest brews; a multi-cuisine coffee shop. [PAR] Taj Palace is also New Delhi\u2019s premier event and meeting location. The d\u00e9cor is inspired by Mughal architecture and is seamlessly infused with state-of-the-art and modern conferencing facilities. The facility offers two elegant ballrooms that can accommodate 500-1000 people. For close knit gathering and events, halls like Mumtaz, Jehangir, Roshanara, Sheesh Mahal & Jahanara will dazzle you with their intimate interiors. [PAR] If you are looking to unwind, signature treatments drawn from ancient Indian traditions are available at the soothing Jiva Spa. Other facilities include a state-of-the-art fitness centre, an outdoor swimming pool, yoga classes, and even a nine-hole chip & putt golf green. [PAR] While the hotel effortlessly blends the grace of Old Delhi with the pace of New Delhi, what sets the hotel apart is the desire to ensure that you get nothing but the best. If sightseeing is on your mind, we arrange trips to the world-famous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 5 Countries with Longest Coastlines | Which Country ... Top 5 Countries with Longest Coastlines | Which Country has the Longest Coastline in the World | WhichCountry.co [PAR] SHARES [PAR] [PAR] It is very difficult or may be impossible to measure the accurate length of a Coastline. There are several countries having longest coastlines in their boundaries, having differences in their lengths. The World Factbook prepared a ranking list of different countries on the basis of coastline\u2019s length. [PAR] According to different authentic sources it is clearly proved that Canada has the longest coastline in all over the world which is covering the total area of 202,080 km [PAR] Canada is a North American Country consisting on 10 provinces and 3 territories. It covers the total area of 9,984,670 square kilometers and 8.92% by water.Its capital is Ottawa, English and French are the official languages here. [PAR] List of Top 5 Longest Coastlines in the World"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Statehood Dates - States and Capitals Statehood Dates [PAR] Statehood Dates [PAR] Territory by Act of March 3, 1817, effective Aug. 15, 1817. [PAR] Alaska [PAR] A district from Oct. 18, 1867, until it became an organized territory Aug. 24, 1912. [PAR] Arizona [PAR] Feb. 14, 1912 [PAR] 48 th [PAR] This region was sometimes called Arizona before 1863, although it was still in the Territory of New Mexico. [PAR] Arkansas [PAR] June 15, 1836 [PAR] 25 th [PAR] The territory was larger than the state. After statehood the leftover area to the west had post offices that continued for some years to use an Arkansas abbreviation in the postmarks, although they were really in the \"Indian Country.\" [PAR] California [PAR] Sept. 9, 1850 [PAR] 31 st [PAR] Ceded by Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, concluded Feb. 2, 1848, and proclaimed July 4, 1848. From then until statehood, California had a military government until Dec. 20, 1849, and then a local civil government. It never had a territorial form of government. [PAR] Colorado[DOC] [TLE] California - U.S. States - HISTORY.com California - U.S. States - HISTORY.com [PAR] Date of Statehood: September 9, 1850 [PAR] Capital: Sacramento [PAR] Population: 37,253,956 (2010) [PAR] Size: 163,694 square miles [PAR] Nickname(s): The Golden State; The Land of Milk and Honey; The El Dorado State; The Grape State [PAR] Motto: Eureka (\u201cI have found it\u201d) [PAR] Tree: California Redwood [PAR] Bird: California Valley Quail [PAR] Interesting Facts [PAR] Following James Marshall\u2019s discovery of gold at Sutter\u2019s Mill in Coloma in 1848, California\u2019s population leaped from 14,000 to 250,000 in only four years. Between 1850 and 1859, miners extracted 28,280,711 fine ounces of gold. [PAR] California has the largest economy in the United States and, in 1997, was the first state to reach the trillion-dollar benchmark in gross state product. In 2012, California was ranked the ninth largest economy in the world. [PAR] California grows more than 3.3 million tons of winegrapes on over 540,000 acres each year and produces roughly 90 percent of all U.S. wine. [PAR] The highest and lowest points in the continental United States are located within 100 miles of one another in California: Mount Whitney measures 14,505 feet and Badwater Basin in Death Valley is 282 feet below sea level. [PAR] Considered to be the hottest, driest place in the United States, Death Valley often reaches temperatures greater than 120 degrees Fahrenheit during the summer and averages only around two inches of rain each year. [PAR] With a trunk slightly greater than 102 feet in circumference, the General Sherman in Sequoia National Park is the largest living tree (by volume) in the world. It is estimated to be somewhere between 1,800 to 2,700 years old. [PAR] Southern California has about 10,000 earthquakes each year, although only 15 to 20 of them have a magnitude greater than 4.0. [PAR] Despite its urbanization and the loss of land to industry, California still leads the country in agricultural production. About one-half of the state\u2019s land is federally owned. National parks located throughout the state are devoted to the preservation of nature and natural resources. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Literary Names: The Bronte Sisters \u2013 Baby Name Blog ... Literary Names: The Bronte Sisters \u2013 Baby Name Blog - Nameberry [PAR] Nameberry [PAR] Search for a name or phrase [PAR] using quick search [PAR] Find the right name for your baby using our advanced search tool [PAR] Gender [PAR] Change your email address and your password [PAR] Login [PAR] Literary Names: The Bronte Sisters [PAR] Posted July 14th, 2011 [PAR] Share on Pinterest [PAR] We\u2019ve talked a lot about Shakespearean literary names and characters in Dickens and Jane Austen , but we\u2019ve overlooked three of the best namers in literary history\u2014the sisters Bront\u00eb. We love their own names\u2014 Charlotte , Emily and Anne , and we love their initial-appropriate male pen names\u2014Currer, Ellis and Acton . We even love their surname, which a number of parents have chosen for their daughters. [PAR] But it is the particularly rich cast of character names in their novels that we love the most. One of them, in fact, had a considerable effect on baby naming of its era. Though it\u2019s long been said that it was Shirley Temple who promoted her given name in the 1930s, she wasn\u2019t the first. In Charlotte Bront\u00eb\u2019 second novel, following Jane Eyre, the protagonist of Shirley was given that name because her father had anticipated a boy, and Shirley was a distinctively male name at the time. The novel\u2019s Father Keeldar made a gender switch that has proven to be permanent. [PAR] Here is a selection of Bront\u00eb bests; the list isn\u2019t meant to be complete\u2014some of the more common names have not been included. (The initials AB , CB and EB represent Anne , Charlotte and Emily .) [PAR] GIRLS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 100 Ways to Say 'I Love You' in Italian - About.com Education 100 Ways to Say 'I Love You' in Italian [PAR] 100 Ways to Say 'I Love You' in Italian [PAR] Italian Terms of Love, Affection, and Endearment [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Ti voglio baciare!. Getty Images/Photodisc/Getty Images [PAR] Updated February 25, 2016. [PAR] Whether it's an operatic aria, a love poem, or whispered sweet nothings, many people think that the phrase \"I love you\" is best voiced in Italian (which is, after all, a romance language ). There are many ways to express the sentiment \"I love you\" in Italian , so how to choose? Partly it will depend on the relationship and the depth of feeling. Keep in mind, too, that there's a difference between \"ti amo\" and \"ti voglio\" \u2014many About.com Italian Language forum members who are native Italian speakers have explained in minute detail the nuances and appropriateness of those two expressions. [PAR] There are many instances in which expressions of love and commitment are used, such as getting engaged in Italy, marriage vows in Italian and Italian pop lyrics about love, lust, and romance, and, of course, tattoos that express love for Mom . Most important, context is all. In the end, like many linguistic terms, it's best to be less literal and more figurative when considering the most appropriate term [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Say \"I Love You\" in Italian [PAR] 100 Ways to Say I Love You in Italian [PAR] Here's how to express your love, lust, like, or feigned interest to that certain someone, or how to tell your parents, family members, or friends that you love them. One thing to keep in remember: the translations in English are not always literal, but correspond to the sense\u2014and vice versa. [PAR] Ti amo! (I love you!) [PAR] Ti voglio bene. (I love you a lot.) [PAR] Ti voglio molto bene. (I love you very much.) [PAR] Mi piaci molto. (I really like you.) [PAR] Ti adoro. (I adore you.) [PAR] Ti ammiro. (I admire you.) [PAR] Sei importante per me. (You are important to me.) [PAR] Sei tutto per me. (You are everything to me.) [PAR] Sono innamorato / innamorata di te. (I'm in love with you.) [PAR] Ho bisogno di te. (I need you.) [PAR] Ti voglio. (I love you.)) [PAR] Ti desidero. (I want you.) [PAR] Mi sento attratto / attratta da te. (I feel attracted attracted to you.) [PAR] Mi sono infatuato di te. (I'm infatuated with you.) [PAR] Ho un debole per te. (I'm weak for you.) [PAR] Significhi tutto per me. (You mean everything to me.) [PAR] Mi sono affezionato / affezionata a te. [PAR] (I am fond of you.) [PAR] Sposami! (Marry me!) [PAR] Voglio sempre essere con te. (I always want to be with you.) [PAR] Senza di te non posso pi\u00f9 vivere. (I can't live without you.) [PAR] Ti voglio baciare. (I want to kiss you.) [PAR] Io sono tuo / tua. (I am yours) [PAR] Senza di te non sono niente. (Without you I am nothing.) [PAR] Sei l'uomo / la donna dei miei sogni! (You're the man / woman of my dreams!) [PAR] Per te farei di tutto! (I would do anything for you!) [PAR] Sono pazzo / pazza di te."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Elvis Presley [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 302 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (10) | Trivia (225) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (24) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] The King of Rock 'n' Roll [PAR] Height [PAR] 5' 11\u00be\" (1.82 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (n\u00e9e Gladys Love Smith) and Vernon Presley (Vernon Elvis Presley). He had a twin brother who was stillborn. In September 1948, Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee where he attended Humes High School. In 1953, he attended the senior prom with the current girl he was courting, Regis Wilson. After graduating from high school in Memphis, Elvis took odd jobs working as a movie theater usher and a truck driver for Crown Electric Company. He began singing locally as \"The Hillbilly Cat\", then signed with a local recording company, and then with RCA in 1955. [PAR] Elvis did much to establish early rock and roll music. He began his career as a performer of rockabilly, an up-tempo fusion of country music and rhythm and blues, with a strong backbeat. His novel versions of existing songs, mixing 'black' and 'white' sounds, made him popular - and controversial - as did his uninhibited stage and television performances. He recorded songs in the rock and roll genre, with tracks like \"Jailhouse Rock\" and \"Hound Dog\" later embodying the style. Presley had a versatile voice and had unusually wide success encompassing other genres, including gospel, blues, ballads and pop music. Teenage girls became hysterical over his blatantly sexual gyrations, particularly the one that got him nicknamed \"Elvis the Pelvis\" (television cameras were not permitted to film below his waist). [PAR] In 1956, following his six television appearances on The Dorsey Brothers' \"Stage Show\", Elvis was cast in his first acting role, in a supporting part in Love Me Tender (1956), the first of 33 movies he starred in. [PAR] In 1958, Elvis was drafted into the military, and relocated to Bad Nauheim, Germany. There he met and fell in love with 14-year old army damsel Priscilla Ann Wagner ( Priscilla Presley ), whom he would eventually marry after an eight-year courtship, and with whom he had his only child, Lisa Marie Presley . Elvis' military service and the \"British Invasion\" of the 1960s reduced his concerts, though not his movie/recording income. [PAR] Through the 1960s, Elvis settled in Hollywood, where he starred in the majority of his thirty-three movies, mainly musicals, acting alongside some of the most well known actors in Hollywood. Critics panned most of his films, but they did very well at the box office, earning upwards of $150 million total. His last fiction film, Change of Habit (1969), deals with several social issues; romance within the clergy, an autistic child, almost unheard of in 1969, rape, and mob violence. It has recently received critical acclaim. [PAR] Elvis made a comeback in the 1970s with live concert appearances starting in early 1970 in Las Vegas with over 57 sold-out shows. He toured throughout the United States, appearing on-stage in over 500 live appearances, many of them sold out shows. His marriage ended in divorce, and the stress of constantly traveling as well as his increasing weight gain and dependence upon stimulants and depressants took their toll. [PAR] Elvis Presley died at age 42 on August 16, 1977 at his mansion in Graceland,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Penicillin discovered - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com Penicillin discovered - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Penicillin discovered [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Sir Alexander Fleming was a young bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine on this day in 1929. Having left a plate of staphylococcus bacteria uncovered, Fleming noticed that a mold that had fallen on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, similar to the kind found on bread. On February 14, 1929, Fleming introduced his mold by-product called penicillin to cure bacterial infections. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Love Bug | Disney Movies The Love Bug | Disney Movies [PAR] Cancel [PAR] The Love Bug [PAR] Herbie, the lovable car with a mind of his own. Dean Jones, Michele Lee, and Buddy Hackett join Herbie in this revved-up comedy classic. Jones plays down-on-his-luck race car driver Jim Douglas, who reluctantly teams up with the little machine. Douglas thinks his sudden winning streak is due to his skill, not Herbie's. He finally realizes the car's worth when a sneaky rival plots to steal Herbie for himself. [PAR] Herbie, the lovable car with a mind of his own. Dean Jones, Michele Lee, and Buddy Hackett join Herbie in this revved-up comedy classic. Jones plays down-on-his-luck race car driver Jim Douglas, who reluctantly teams up with the little machine. Douglas thinks his sudden winning streak is due to his skill, not Herbie's. He finally realizes the car's worth when a sneaky rival plots to steal Herbie for himself. [PAR] DVD Special Edition [PAR] Audio Commentary With Dean Jones, Michele Lee, And Buddy Hackett [PAR] Cartoon: \"Susie -- The Little Blue Coupe\" [PAR] That Lovable Bug [PAR] The Many Lives Of Herbie [PAR] Herbie Mania [PAR] Lost Treasures: Searching For Herbie [PAR] 1969 Disney Studio Album [PAR] Love Bug Day At Disneyland [PAR] The Man Who Gave Herbie His Voice [PAR] Deleted Scenes: \"Used Car Lot\" & \"Playground\" [PAR] Theatrical Trailer [PAR] Sound Studio 1: \"Herbie On The Rocks\" [PAR] Sound Studio 2: \"Thorndyke And The Bear\" [PAR] Production Stills: Production Photos, Concept Art, Storyboards [PAR] Comic Book [PAR] Biographies: Dean Jones, Michele Lee, Buddy Hackett, David Tomlinson, Robert Stevenson [PAR] Advertising: Publicity, Posters, Merchandise, Press Book [PAR] Documents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love Happy (1949) - IMDb Love Happy (1949) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Marx Brothers help young Broadway hopefuls while thwarting diamond thieves. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 27 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 29 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 05 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 06 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Love Happy \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] The Marx Brothers are employed at a hotel in postwar Casablanca, where a ring of Nazis is trying to recover a cache of stolen treasure. [PAR] Director: Archie Mayo [PAR] A detective is hired to protect the life of a singer, who has recently inherited a department store, from the store's crooked manager. [PAR] Director: Charles Reisner [PAR] The Marx Brothers come to the rescue in the Wild West when a young man, trying to settle an old family feud so he can marry the girl he loves, runs afoul of crooks. [PAR] Director: Edward Buzzell [PAR] The Marx Brothers try to help the owner of a circus recover some stolen funds before he finds himself out of a job. [PAR] Director: Edward Buzzell [PAR] A penniless theatrical producer must outwit the hotel efficiency expert trying to evict him from his room, while securing a backer for his new play. [PAR] Director: William A. Seiter [PAR] Agent has his only client pose as both a French chanteuse and Brazilian bombshell to fool nightclub owner. [PAR] Director: Alfred E. Green [PAR] Quincy Adams Wagstaff, the new president of Huxley University, hires bumblers Baravelli and Pinky to help his school win the big football game against rival Darwin University. [PAR] Director: Norman Z. McLeod [PAR] During the Florida land boom, the Marx brothers run a hotel, auction off some land, thwart a jewel robbery, and generally act like themselves. [PAR] Directors: Robert Florey, Joseph Santley [PAR] Stars: Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx, Chico Marx [PAR] On a transatlantic crossing, the Marx brothers get up to their usual antics and manage to annoy just about everyone on board the ship. [PAR] Director: Norman Z. McLeod [PAR] A veterinarian posing as a doctor, a race-horse owner and his friends struggle to help keep a sanitarium open with the help of a misfit race-horse. [PAR] Director: Sam Wood [PAR] Mayhem and zaniness ensue when a valuable painting goes missing during a party in honor of famed African explorer Captain Spaulding. [PAR] Director: Victor Heerman [PAR] A 65-year-old printer hatches an elaborate scheme to avoid forced retirement. [PAR] Director: Harmon Jones [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Young hopefuls trying to stage a Broadway show on a shoestring are sustained with food by expert shoplifter Harpo. They little suspect that his donations include the special sardine can hiding the Romanoff diamonds! Slinky Madame Egelichi and her henchmen will do anything to get them back, but the Marx Brothers lead them a merry chase. Written by Rod Crawford <puffinus@u.washington.edu> [PAR] 3"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Murray Biography - Rotten Tomatoes Birthplace: [PAR] Wilmette, Illinois [PAR] Of the many performers to leap into films from the springboard of the television sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, Bill Murray has been among the most successful and unpredictable, forging an idiosyncratic career allowing him to stretch from low-brow slapstick farce to intelligent adult drama. Born in Wilmette, IL, on September 21, 1950, Murray was an incorrigible child, kicked out of both the Boy Scouts and Little League. At the age of 20, he was also arrested for attempting to smuggle close to nine pounds of marijuana through nearby O'Hare Airport. In an attempt to find direction in his life, he joined his older brother, Brian Doyle-Murray, in the cast of Chicago's Second City improvisational comedy troupe. He later relocated to New York City, joining radio's National Lampoon Hour. Both Murray siblings were also in a 1975 off-Broadway spin-off, also dubbed The National Lampoon Hour; there Murray was spotted by sportscaster Howard Cosell, who recruited him for the cast of his ABC variety program, titled Saturday Night Live With Howard Cosell. [PAR] On the NBC network, a program also named Saturday Night Live was creating a much bigger sensation; when, after one season, the show's breakout star Chevy Chase exited to pursue a film career, producer Lorne Michaels tapped Murray as his replacement. Murray too became a celebrity, developing a fabulously insincere and sleazy comic persona which was put to good use in his first major film, the 1979 hit Meatballs. He next starred as the famed gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson in the film biography Where the Buffalo Roam, a major disaster. However, 1980's Caddyshack was a masterpiece of slob comedy, with Murray memorable as a maniacal rangeboy hunting the gopher that is slowly destroying his golf course. The film launched him to the ranks of major stardom; the follow-up, the armed services farce Stripes, was an even bigger blockbuster, earning over 40 million dollars at the box office. Murray next appeared, unbilled, in 1982's Tootsie before starring with Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis in 1984's Ghostbusters. The supernatural comedy was one of the decade's biggest hits, earning over 130 million dollars and spawning a cartoon series, action figures, and even a chart-topping theme song (performed by Ray Parker Jr.). [PAR] Murray now ranked among the world's most popular actors, and he next fulfilled a long-standing dream by starring in and co-writing an adaptation of the W. Somerset Maugham novel The Razor's Edge. Few fans knew what to make of his abrupt turn from broad farce to literary drama, however, and as a result the film flopped. Murray spent the next several years in self-imposed exile, making only a cameo appearance in the 1986 musical comedy Little Shop of Horrors. After much deliberation, he finally selected his comeback vehicle -- 1988's Scrooged, a black comic retelling of Dickens' A Christmas Carol. While it performed moderately well, it was not the smash many predicted. Nor was 1989's Ghostbusters II, which grossed less than half of the first picture. The 1990 crime comedy Quick Change, which Murray co-directed with Howard Franklin, was also a disappointment, but 1991's What About Bob? was an unqualified hit. In 1993, Murray earned his strongest notices to date for Groundhog Day, a sublime comedy directed by longtime conspirator Ramis. [PAR] Beginning with 1994's acclaimed Ed Wood, in which he appeared as a transsexual, Murray's career choices grew increasingly eccentric; in 1996 alone, he starred in the little-seen Larger Than Life as a motivational speaker, co-starred as a bowling champion in Kingpin, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saint Valentine's Day: History of the Card - novareinna.com Saint Valentine's Day: History of the Card [PAR] Valentine greetings have been popular since the Middle Ages, a time when prospective lovers said or sang their romantic verses. Written valentines began to appear after 1400. Paper valentines originated in the 1500s, being exchanged in Europe and being given in place of valentine gifts and oral or musical valentine greetings. They were particularly popular in England. The first written valentine (formerly known as \"poetical or amorous addresses\") is traditionally attributed to the imprisoned Charles, Duke of Orleans, in 1415. While confined in the Tower of London after the Battle of Agincourt, the young Duke reportedly passed his time by writing romantic verses for his wife in France. Approximately sixty of the Duke's poems remain and can be seen among the royal papers in the British Museum. They are credited with being the first modern day valentines. [PAR] By the Sixteenth Century, written valentines were commonplace and by the Seventeenth Century, it was a widespread tradition in England and other Western countries for friends and sweethearts to exchange gifts and notes on February 14. During the early 1700s, Charles II of Sweden brought the Persian poetical art known as the \"language of flowers\" to Europe and throughout the Eighteenth Century, floral dictionaries were published, permitting the exchange of romantic secrets via a lily or lilac, for example, culminating in entire conversations taking place within a bouquet of flowers. The more popular the flower, the more traditions and meaning were associated with it. The red rose, for instance, believed to be the favored flower of Venus, Roman Goddess of Love, became universally accepted to represent romantic love. Thus, the custom of giving red roses on Valentine's Day quickly gained popularity. [PAR] Some time after 1723, the popularity of valentine cards in America began to grow with the import from England of valentine \"writers.\" A \"writer\" was a booklet comprised of a vast array of verses and messages which could be copied onto gilt-edged paper or other type of decorative sheet. One popular \"writer\" contained not only \"be my valentine\" types of verses for the men to send to their sweethearts, but also acceptances or \"answers\" which the ladies could then return. Late Eighteenth Century and Early Nineteenth Century valentines were often religious in nature and it is possible that the \"Sacred Heart\" often depicted on these cards eventually became the \"Valentine Heart\" with the customarily accompanying Angel eventually becoming \"Cupid.\" It is believed that the earlier versions of these religious valentines may have been made by nuns who would cut-out the paper lace with scissors. It is thought the process probably took many days since the cards had every appearance of being machine-made. [PAR] One popular style of early American card from 1840 to approximately 1860 was the \"Daguerreotype,\" a photographic process using old-time tintype in the center of a card surrounded by an ornametal wreath. Another was the \"Mirror Valentine,\" which contained a small mirror placed in the center to reflect the face of the recipient. However, the sending of valentine greetings in America did not become a true tradition until around the time of the Civil War (1861-1865) when valentine cards often depicted sweethearts parting, or a tent with flaps that opened to reveal a soldier. These were known as \"windows.\" In peace time, the \"window\" would be a church door opening to reveal a bridge and groom. Another Civil War valentine novelty was for the card to have a place for the sender to include a lock of hair."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Hitchcock - Moviepedia - Wikia Alfred Hitchcock | Moviepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Hitchcock's films draw heavily on both fear and fantasy, and are known for their droll humour. They often portray innocent people caught up in circumstances beyond their control or understanding. This often involves a transference of guilt in which the \"innocent\" character's failings are transferred to another character and magnified. Another common theme is the exploration of the compatibility of men and women; Hitchcock's films often take a cynical view of traditional romantic relationships. [PAR] Original 1940 poster. [PAR] Although Hitchcock was an enormous star during his lifetime, he was not usually ranked highly by contemporaneous film critics. Rebecca was the only one of his films to win the Academy Award for Best Picture , although four others were nominated. Hitchcock never won the Academy Award for Best Director. He was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for lifetime achievement in 1967, but never personally received an Academy Award of Merit . The French New Wave critics, especially Eric Rohmer , Claude Chabrol , and Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut, were among the first to promote his films as having artistic merit beyond entertainment. Hitchcock was one of the first directors to whom they applied their auteur theory, which stresses the artistic authority of the director in the movie-making process. [PAR] Through his fame, public persona, and degree of creative control, Hitchcock transformed the role of the director, which had previously been eclipsed by that of the producer. He is seen today as the quintessential director who managed to combine art and entertainment in a way very few have ever matched. His innovations and vision have influenced a great number of, and . [PAR] Biography [PAR] Edit [PAR] As a major talent in a new industry with plenty of opportunity, he rose quickly. In 1925, Michael Balcon of Gainsborough Pictures gave him a chance to direct his first film, The Pleasure Garden , made at the Ufaz studios in Germany. However, the commercial failure of this film, and his second, The Mountain Eagle , threatened to derail his promising career, until he attached himself to the thriller genre. The resulting film, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog , was released in 1927 and was a major commercial and critical success. Like many of his earlier works it was influenced by Expressionist techniques he had witnessed first hand in Germany. In it, attractive blondes are strangled and the new lodger (Ivor Novello) in the Bunting family's upstairs apartment falls under heavy suspicion. This is the first truly \"Hitchcockian\" film, incorporating such themes as the \"wrong man\". [PAR] 39 Steps [PAR] Following the success of The Lodger, Hitchcock began his first efforts to promote himself in the media, and hired a publicist to cement his growing reputation as one of the British film industry's rising stars. In 1926, he was to marry his assistant director Alma Reville. They had a daughter, Patricia, in 1928. Alma was Hitchcock's closest collaborator. She wrote some of his screenplays and worked with him on every one of his films. [PAR] In 1929, he began work on Blackmail , his tenth film. While the film was in production, the studio decided to make it one of Britain's first sound pictures. With the climax of the film taking place on the dome of the British Museum, Blackmail also began the Hitchcock tradition of using famous landmarks as the backdrop to a story. [PAR] In 1933, Hitchcock was once again working for Michael Balcon at Gaumont-British Picture Corporation. His"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Switzerland Flag - All about Swiss Flag - colors, meaning ... Switzerland Flag - All about Swiss Flag - colors, meaning, information & history [PAR] WORLD FLAGS [PAR] Switzerland National Flag - Information [PAR] The national flag of Switzerland consists of a white cross on a red field. The four arms of the white cross should be of equal length and one and a sixth times as long as they are wide [PAR] Switzerland Flag - Colors - meaning and symbolism [PAR] Red represents blood spilled to uphold the faith [PAR] White cross symbolizes Christianity [PAR] Switzerland Flag - History, Facts & information for kids [PAR] In 1291, three cantons - Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden - joined together to form the Swiss confederacy. Schwyz used a flag that is based on the imperial war flag of the Holy Roman Empire, which bore a white cross on red. The Swiss Confederation began using Schwyz's flag during and after the Battle of Laupen (1339) Though the flag was being used as the Swiss national flag for over 500 years, it was officially established as the national flag on December 12, 1889 [PAR] War flag of the Holy Roman Empire [PAR] Switzerland Flag - History, Facts & information for kids [PAR] Following the heraldic tradition, Swiss flags on land are square in proportion. Switzerland Flag is one of only two square sovereign-state flags in the world (the other being the flag of Vatican City) When used on water (at sea or on the vessels plying in Swiss lakes), the ratio of the size of the cross to the height is 5:8, and to the length is 5:12 and the flag can be of rectangular proportion with 2:3 or 7:10 dimensions [PAR] Switzerland Flag - Red Cross Symbol [PAR] The Red Cross symbol used by the International Committee of the Red Cross, a red cross on white background, was the original protection symbol declared at the first Geneva Convention, the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field of 1864. According to the ICRC the design was based on the Swiss flag by reversing of the colours of that flag, in order to honor Switzerland, where the first Geneva Convention was held, and its inventor and co-founder, the Swiss Henry Dunant. [PAR] Switzerland Flag - Red Cross Symbol [PAR] Switzerland Flag pictures[DOC] [TLE] Switzerland - Flags of the World Switzerland [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Switzerland [PAR] Description of the flag [PAR] Gules, a cross couped argent. [PAR] On a red field, a white equilateral cross whose arms are one sixth longer than their width. The relationship between the span of the cross and the width of the flag has not been established, but in practice the ratio is about 2:3 or 7:10. [PAR] The relative dimensions of the cross are defined in Article 1 of Federal Order #111 on the arms of the Helvetic Confederation (12 December 1889). [PAR] Unlike most flags of the world, the Swiss flag is square. This was an issue when Switzerland joined the UN in 2002, as all the flags displayed on UN Plaza should have the same size. The UN first had a rectangular flag, but the Swiss mission protested. Eventually the UN accepted a Swiss square flag. But, in order to have a flag that is not too small, the flag displayed on UN Plaza has the same area of a rectangular flag. [PAR] Pascal Gross [PAR] Source: [ pay00 ] (left), [ neu39 ] (right) [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Children's favourite Windy Miller is drunk on ... - YouTube Children's favourite Windy Miller is drunk on Camberwick Green (no spoof) - YouTube [PAR] Children's favourite Windy Miller is drunk on Camberwick Green (no spoof) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 10, 2010 [PAR] Who would have thought it that classic children's TV character Windy Miller actually gets drunk on homemade cider on Camberwick Green. And causes real problems for Murphy the baker who is desperate for flour. Not only that, he gets Murphy and his children to WHISTLE FOR THE WIND. Don't do cider, children. Just don't do it. [PAR] This is the original footage with Brian Cant narrating. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nutty Professor (1996) - IMDb The Nutty Professor (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Grossly overweight yet good-hearted professor Sherman Klump takes a special chemical that turns him into the slim but obnoxious Buddy Love. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 16 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 10 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 28 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 20 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 17 Aug 2014 [PAR] Title: The Nutty Professor (1996) [PAR] 5.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 8 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Scientist Sherman Klump's inventions, his upcoming marriage to his pretty colleague Denise Gaines and his reputation are threatened by his evil clone Buddy Love. [PAR] Director: Peter Segal [PAR] An extremely pampered African prince travels to Queens, New York City, and goes undercover to find a wife whom he can respect for her intelligence and will. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] A mild-mannered guy, who is married to a monstrous woman, meets the woman of his dreams, and schemes to find a way to be with her. [PAR] Director: Brian Robbins [PAR] Axel Foley, while investigating a car theft ring, comes across something much bigger than that: the same men who shot his boss are running a counterfeit money ring out of a theme park in Los Angeles. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] A freewheeling Detroit cop pursuing a murder investigation finds himself dealing with the very different culture of Beverly Hills. [PAR] Director: Martin Brest [PAR] Axel Foley returns to Beverly Hills to help Taggart and Rosewood investigate Chief Bogomil's near-fatal shooting and the series of \"alphabet crimes\" associated with it. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] Jack Cates once again enlists the aid of ex-con Reggie Hammond--this time, to take down The Iceman, a ruthless drug lord operating in the San Francisco bay area. [PAR] Director: Walter Hill [PAR] The story of wrongfully convicted men (Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence) who discover the value of life after serving 65 years in prison. [PAR] Director: Ted Demme [PAR] In order to protect a beautiful woman and her son from a robber, a male FBI agent disguises himself as a large grandmother. [PAR] Director: Raja Gosnell [PAR] A hard-nosed cop reluctantly teams up with a wise-cracking criminal temporarily paroled to him, in order to track down a killer. [PAR] Director: Walter Hill [PAR] A private detective specializing in missing children is charged with the task of finding a special child who dark forces want to eliminate. [PAR] Director: Michael Ritchie [PAR] Roper, a hostage negotiator catches a murderous bank robber after a blown heist. The bank robber escapes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Poison Gases - Spartacus Educational Poison Gases [PAR] Poison Gases [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] Poison Gases [PAR] Poisonous gases were known about for a long time before the First World War but military officers were reluctant to use them as they considered it to be a uncivilized weapon. The French Army were the first to employ it as a weapon when in the first month of the war they fired tear-gas grenades at the Germans. [PAR] In October 1914 the German Army began firing shrapnel shells in which the steel balls had been treated with a chemical irritant. The Germans first used chlorine gas cylinders in April 1915 when it was employed against the French Army at Ypres . Chlorine gas destroyed the respiratory organs of its victims and this led to a slow death by asphyxiation. [PAR] General William Robertson recommended Brigadier General Charles Howard Foulkes to General John French as the best man to organise the retaliation. Foulkes accepted the post he eventually received the title of General Officer Commanding the Special Brigade responsible for Chemical Warfare and Director of Gas Services. He worked closely with scientists working at the governmental laboratories at Porton Down near Salisbury . His biographer, John Bourne , has argued: \"Despite Foulkes' energy, the ingenuity of his men and the consumption of expensive resources, gas was ultimately disappointing as a weapon, despite its terrifying reputation.\" [PAR] German soldiers after a gas attack in 1915. [PAR] It was important to have the right weather conditions before a gas attack could be made. When the British Army launched a gas attack on 25th September in 1915, the wind blew it back into the faces of the advancing troops. This problem was solved in 1916 when gas shells were produced for use with heavy artillery . This increased the army's range of attack and helped to protect their own troops when weather conditions were not completely ideal. [PAR] After the first German chlorine gas attacks, Allied troops were supplied with masks of cotton pads that had been soaked in urine. It was found that the ammonia in the pad neutralized the poison. Other soldiers preferred to use handkerchiefs, a sock, a flannel body-belt, dampened with a solution of bicarbonate of soda, and tied across the mouth and nose until the gas passed over. It was not until July 1915 that soldiers were given efficient gas masks and anti-asphyxiation respirators. [PAR] One disadvantage for the side that launched chlorine gas attacks was that it made the victim cough and therefore limited his intake of the poison. Both sides found that phosgene was more effective poison to use. Only a small amount was needed to make it impossible for the soldier to keep fighting. It also killed its victim within 48 hours of the attack. Advancing armies also used a mixture of chlorine and phosgene called 'white star'. [PAR] Mustard Gas (Yperite) was first used by the German Army in September 1917. The most lethal of all the poisonous chemicals used during the war, it was almost odourless and took twelve hours to take effect. Yperite was so powerful that only small amounts had to be added to high explosive shells to be effective. Once in the soil, mustard gas remained active for several weeks. The Germans also used bromine and chloropicrin. [PAR] In July 1917, David Lloyd George appointed Winston Churchill as Minister of Munitions and for the rest of the war, he was in charge of the production of tanks, aeroplanes, guns and shells. Clive Ponting , the author of Churchill (1994)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | SHOWBIZ | The Graduate's London term ends BBC News | SHOWBIZ | The Graduate's London term ends [PAR] Friday, 18 January, 2002, 17:45 GMT [PAR] The Graduate's London term ends [PAR] Kathleen Turner was the first Mrs Robinson in the show [PAR] The London run of The Graduate, the stage show that has seen a string of actresses bare all as a middle-aged seductress, comes to the end of its West End run this weekend. [PAR] The show, a stage version of the Oscar-winning 1967 film, will now transfer to Broadway after being seen by more than 400,000 people in the UK. [PAR] The Graduate has become infamous for its nude scenes, featuring high-profile stars including Kathleen Turner, Jerry Hall and Linda Gray. [PAR] They have all played Mrs Robinson, who woos a younger man, Benjamin Braddock. [PAR] Jerry Hall: Not a hit with critics [PAR] Its final performance at London's Gielgud Theatre will be on Saturday. [PAR] Producers have denied that the show became a casualty of falling visitor numbers after 11 September. [PAR] When the announcement of its closure was made in November, ticket sales were as high as when Kathleen Turner made headlines as the show's first Mrs Robinson from April 2000, they said. [PAR] Turner will reprise her role in Toronto, Baltimore and Boston before going to Broadway from 4 April. [PAR] She will be joined by Clueless star Alicia Silverstone and American Pie actor Jason Biggs, who will play Benjamin, the graduate who becomes the object of Mrs Robinson's affections. [PAR] The film won an Oscar in 1968 [PAR] Before the London run opened, ticket sales went through the roof when it was announced that Turner, then aged 45, would appear naked on stage. [PAR] Her debut was met with a standing ovation from theatregoers, but a mixed reaction from critics. [PAR] One reviewer said she gave the seduction scene \"a comic sexiness, as if Mae West were coming on to a panic-stricken Jerry Lewis\". [PAR] The show was originally scheduled for a short run, but was continually extended to meet demand. [PAR] After Turner came Jerry Hall, then 43, the former wife of Rolling Stones star Mick Jagger. [PAR] Linda Gray is London's last Mrs Robinson [PAR] She fared worse at the hand of the critics, with one saying: \"Jerry, I'm afraid, is no actress. But she's got great legs.\" [PAR] Hall was replaced by Amanda Donohoe, the youngest of the stars at 39, who was followed by Fatal Attraction star Anne Archer, 53. [PAR] Then came Linda Gray, 60, who played Sue Ellen in TV soap Dallas, and became London's last Mrs Robinson. [PAR] The show will have taken \ufffd10m by the end of its West End run. [PAR] The story was originally a novel by Charles Webb, which became the film starring Anne Bancroft and Dustin Hoffman. Terry Johnson adapted it for the stage. [PAR] Worldwide [PAR] When the announcement of the closure was made, producers John Reid and Sacha Brooks said: \"The Graduate has been a West End event every night for nearly two years. We have always hoped to go out on a high.\" [PAR] The Graduate has also played in Australia, South Africa and Poland. [PAR] Other high-profile West End shows to close in recent months include Starlight Express, Notre Dame De Paris and The Witches Of Eastwick. [PAR] The London staging of Cats, the longest-running musical in history, has just announced that it is to come to an end after 21 years. [PAR] See also:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Pub Names in the UK - Beer in the Evening Blog Top 10 Pub Names in the UK - Beer in the Evening Blog [PAR] Beer in the Evening Blog [PAR] Top 10 Pub Names in the UK [PAR] Posted on: April 7th, 2011 by chrish [PAR] Each week we get the odd email from various media outlets asking us some strange questions for whatever article they are currently writing. Time upon time, we get asked \u2018What is the most popular pub name in the UK?\u2019 We thought we\u2019d share with you what they are \u2013 is your local named the same? [PAR] (Some of them might be proceeded with \u2018The\u2019 \u2013 lots of pubs go by with and without it!) [PAR] Red Lion[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Best British Pub Names | Picture BritainPicture Britain Top 10 Best British Pub Names | Picture BritainPicture Britain [PAR] Top 10 Best British Pub Names [PAR] June 21, 2012 [PAR] 1 Comment [PAR] Every now and then I come across a really wonderful, clever, or funny name for a bar or restaurant, but that is a rarity. Most names are fairly predictable, the same on every corner, as if the owners were trying to give their patrons a comforting sense of the ordinary. British pubs, on the other hand, break all of the rules. Named for objects, people, puns, body parts, food, fantasies, and natural phenomena, these places force themselves onto the imagination, and have the added bonus of being extremely memorable\u2014even through a lager-induced haze. [PAR] The Crooked Billet, Morton, Lincolnshire , a photo by Lincolnian (Brian) on Flickr. [PAR] Combination names seem to be popular (though the trend is comparatively recent, beginning in the mid-1600s), even to the point of ridiculousness (The Slug and Lettuce is taking things too far). Thankfully, other names are certainly more original, and often have wonderful stories behind them. Let\u2019s go on a crawl through my list of the top 10 best British pub names, in no particular order: [PAR] 1. Dinneywicks \u2013 The Chipping, Kingswood, Wotton Under Edge, Gloucestershire. The address is about as fun as the name. This pub once straddled a highway and the enterprising landlord demanded tolls from passerby, forcing them to leap over the gate. [PAR] 2. The Jolly Taxpayer \u2013 Plymouth, Devon. Having a pint or two is probably a great recipe for cheering up around tax season. [PAR] 3. The Bucket of Blood \u2013 Phillack, Cornwall. Now doesn\u2019t that sound appetizing? Supposedly a pub owner of long ago went out to draw water from the well but instead brought up a bucket of gore, courtesy of a corpse. I hear they serve huge portions of very good food. [PAR] Rook and Gaskill Inn , a photo by Matthew Black on Flickr. [PAR] 4. The Old Thirteenth Cheshire Astley Volunteer Rifleman Corps Inn \u2013 Stalybridge, Greater Manchester. This establishment holds the Guinness World Record for the longest pub name in the UK. They actually lengthened the name to keep the title. The pub with the shortest name (if you don\u2019t count nameless pubs) is also located in Stalybridge, and is simply called Q. [PAR] 5. Spinner and Bergamot Inn \u2013 Comberbach, Northwich. This one is just charming! [PAR] 6. Moon Under Water \u2013 Deansgate, Manchester. This pub\u2019s name comes from an essay by the English novelist George Orwell, stipulating his requirements for the perfect London Pub. It must have Victorian architecture, dart games, \u201cdraught stout, open fires, cheap meals, a garden, motherly barmaids and no radio.\u201d [PAR] A Pub Sign , a photo by oatsy40 on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV ACRES: Blood & Blood Types > Spock (Star Trek) TV ACRES: Blood & Blood Types > Spock (Star Trek) [PAR] [PAR] Blood & Blood Types [PAR] Spock - On the sci-fi adventure STAR TREK/NBC/1966-69 Vulcan Science Officer Spock (Leonard Nimoy) had a different blood color that the rest of his human crew on the starship Enterprise. What color is Spock's blood? It is green because the oxidizing agent in Vulcan blood is copper, not iron, as it is in humans. Copper oxide (verdigris) gave Spock's blood its blue-green hue. [PAR] We discovered this on episode \"Journey to Babel\" when Spock's Vulcan father, Ambassador Sarek (Mark Lenard) suffers a heart attack that requires surgery and a life-giving transfusion of T- Negative blood from Spock. [PAR] Initially, Spock refuses to donate blood because a knife attack had put Captain Kirk (William Shatner) out of action and put Spock in command of the ship. Logic dictated his responsibility to command the Enterprise outweighed taking time out from a crisis to give his father blood. [PAR] In the end, he gave the blood because Kirk faked recovery and returned to the bridge, thus freeing Spock to go to the sickbay and assist in his father's surgery. [PAR] In the movie Star Trek III: Search for Spock (1984), Doctor McCoy (DeForest Kelley) mentions Spock blood after Spock surreptitiously performed a Vulcan mind-meld on the Doctor and deposited his \"Katra\" or life-force inside McCoy's brain. Upon hearing the facts of the matter McCoy exclaimed \"That green-blooded son of a bitch! It's his revenge for all the arguments he lost.\" [PAR] TRIVIA NOTE: In June 2007, the medical journal The Lancet reported a case from October 2005 of a 42-year-old man who needed surgery in both lower legs after falling asleep in a kneeling position. His condition necessitated \"urgent fasciotomies, limb-saving procedures which involve making surgical incisions to relieve pressure and swelling\". [PAR] While inserting an arterial catheter in the man's wrist artery, surgeons noticed a discharge of dark greenish-black blood oozing from their patient. Could he be Vulcan? Not really. The man had taken large doses of an anti-migraine drug named sumatriptan. This high in sulphur drug was responsible for changing the color from red to green. [PAR] According to Dr Alana Flexman of St Paul's Hospital in Vancouver \"The patient recovered uneventfully, and stopped taking sumatriptan after discharge. When seen five weeks after his last dose, he was found to have no sulfhaemoglobin in his blood.\" [PAR] Numerous news outlets covered the story and freely associated the man's green blood with Star Trek's Vulcan Mr. Spock. [PAR] Cited as \"Dark Green Blood in the Operating Theatre\" The Lancet Volume 369 Issue: 9577 (June 9 - 15 2007) p. 1972. Flexman, Alana M; Del Vicario, Giuseppe; Schwarz, Stephan KW. [PAR] External Links[DOC] [TLE] SOLUTION: What colour is Spock's blood - Social Science ... Live Discussion - Studypool [PAR] What colour is Spock's blood [PAR] Dec 4th, 2014 [PAR] According to the science fantasy television series Star Trek, Mr Spock had green blood because the oxygen-carrying agent in Vulcan blood includes copper, rather than iron, as is the case in humans. [PAR] Dec 4th, 2014"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frank Morgan's Math Chat - 293 Ways to Make Change for a ... Frank Morgan's Math Chat - 293 Ways to Make Change for a Dollar | Mathematical Association of America [PAR] Home \u00bb Frank Morgan's Math Chat - 293 Ways to Make Change for a Dollar [PAR] Frank Morgan's Math Chat - 293 Ways to Make Change for a Dollar [PAR] April 19, 2001 [PAR] Old Challenge (Joe Shipman). Larry King said in his USA Today column that there are 293 ways to make change for a dollar. Is this correct? (Assume only currently minted denominations.) [PAR] Answer. Yes, if you count a one-dollar coin in change. Raymond Hettinger listed all 293 possibilities, appended at end of column. Michael Caulfield counted up the 292 possibilities other than a one-dollar coin as follows: [PAR] Given that 1 half dollar will be used, there are 50 combinations: [PAR] another half dollar (1 way) [PAR] 2 quarters (1 way) [PAR] 1 quarter with: 2 dimes (2 ways), 1 dime (4), or 0 dimes (6). [PAR] 0 quarters with: 5 dimes (1), 4 (3), 3 (5), 2 (7), 1 (9), or 0 (11). [PAR] [PAR] Given that no half dollars will be used, there are 242 combinations: [PAR] 4 quarters (1 way) [PAR] 3 quarters with: 2 dimes (2 ways), 1 (4), or 0 (6). [PAR] 2 quarters with: 5 dimes (1), 4 (3), 3 (5), 2 (7), 1 (9), or 0 (11). [PAR] 1 quarter with: 7 dimes (2), 6 (4), 5 (6), 4 (8), 3 (10), 2 (12), 1 (14), 0 (16) [PAR] 0 quarters with: 10 dimes (1), 9 (3), 8 (5), 7 (7), 6 (9), 5 (11), 4 (13), 3 (15), 2 (17), 1 (19), 0 (21). [PAR] Torsten Sillke discussed how such computations can be accomplished with generating functions. See Herbert's Wilf's \"Lectures on Integer Partitions\" (page 10) at http://www.math.upenn.edu/~wilf The answer to our problem (293) is the coefficient of x^100 in the reciprocal of the following: [PAR] [PAR] (1-x)(1-x5)(1-x10)(1-x25)(1-x50)(1-x100) [PAR] Al Zimmermann provided the following table of the numbers of ways you can exchange various units of currency for smaller units of currency: [PAR] [PAR] $100 [PAR] 9,823,546,661,905 [PAR] Zimmermann added: I did allow $2 bills. I did not distinguish between $1 coins and $1 bills in change. I thought about that one and decided that if I did distinguish, then I should also distinguish among the 50 different quarters now being issued. And I really didn't want to do that. [PAR] Following Caulfield and Zimmermann and disputing Larry King, Walter Wright says that a dollar coin cannot be considered change for a dollar bill: Webster's New World Dictionary defines change as \"a number of coins or bills whose total value equals a single larger coin or bill.\" [PAR] Questionable Mathematics. Al Zimmermann reports that: \"About three years ago I went to a Citibank ATM in midtown Manhattan to withdraw some cash. The machine rejected my request with the following message: [PAR] [PAR] I cannot give you $130 because I only have bills in $50 and $20 denominations. Please choose another amount.\" [PAR] Of course $130 = $50 + 4 x $20. [PAR] Readers are invited to submit more examples of questionable mathematics. [PAR] New Challenge. What is the largest positive number that you can represent with three, distinct standard mathematical symbols, such as 8x9? The smallest? [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Send answers, comments, and new questions by email to Frank.Morgan@williams.edu, to be eligible for Flatland and other book awards. Winning answers will appear in the next Math Chat. Math Chat appears on the first and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV and Movies - Tripod.com TV and Movies [PAR] A Penny For Your Thoughts [PAR] TV and Movies [PAR] No one probably reads this page.....except for you and the last person.....lol [PAR] Frostbite Falls, Minnesota, was home to Rocky and Bullwinkle. [PAR] Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), the first film featuring the character Indiana Jones, was crawling with four-, eight-, and no-legged creatures: [PAR] - Number of boas, cobras and pythons used in the film: 7,500 [PAR] - Number of tarantulas: 50 [PAR] - Source of the name \"Indiana Jones\": it was the name of producer George Lucas' pet Malamute. [PAR] The first ever televised murder case appeared on TV in 1955, Dec. 5-9. The accused was Harry Washburn. [PAR] Twentieth Century-Fox studio cut all scenes showing physical contact between America's curly-haired darling Shirley Temple and Bill \"Bojangles\" Robinson in \"The Little Colonel\" in 1934 to avoid social offense and to assure wide U.S. distribution. Pre-release showings of the film, particularly in the southern U.S., shocked audiences when the two actors touched fingers during their famous staircase dance sequence. [PAR] Beaver Cleaver graduated in 1953. [PAR] On Beaver Cleaver's US tour, he visited Albuquerque on a Tuesday. [PAR] Muppets creator Jim Henson first created Kermit in 1955 - as a lizard. He was made from Henson's mother's coat and two halves of a Ping-Pong ball (no flipper feet or eleven-point collar). [PAR] The person who performs the Muppets - Miss Piggy, Fozzie, Animal, and Grover is Frank Oz. Oz is also the voice of Star Wars Yoda. By the way, his real name is Frank Oznowicz. [PAR] The 1997 Jack Nicholson film - \"As Good As It Gets\", is known in China as \"Mr. Cat Poop\". [PAR] Of the six men who made up the Three Stooges, three of them were real brothers (Moe, Curly and Shemp.) [PAR] The writers of The Simpsons have never revealed what state Springfield is in. [PAR] A theater manager in Seoul, Korea felt that The Sound of Music was too long, so he shortened it by cutting out all the songs. [PAR] Bruce was the nickname of the mechanical shark used in the \"Jaws\" movies. [PAR] The original title of the musical \"Hello Dolly!\" was \"Dolly: A Damned Exasperating Woman.\" Why did they change it? The original had such music, poetry, and pizzazz. [PAR] Donald Duck comics were banned from Finland because he doesn't wear pants. [PAR] A two hour motion picture uses 10,800 feet of film. Not including the previews and commercials. [PAR] For many years, the globe on the NBC Nightly News spun in the wrong direction. On January 2, 1984, NBC finally set the world spinning back in the proper direction. [PAR] In the Mario Brothers movie, the Princess' first name is Daisy, but in Mario 64, the game, her first name is Peach. Before that, it's Princess Toadstool. [PAR] \"60 Minutes\" is the only show on CBS that doesn\u2019t have a theme song. [PAR] Dooley Wilson appeared as Sam in the movie Casablanca. Dooley was a drummer - not a pianist in real life. The man who really played the piano in Casablanca was a Warner Brothers staff musician who was at a piano off camera during the filming. [PAR] The TV sitcom Seinfeld was originally named \"The Seinfeld Chronicles\". The pilot which was broadcast in 1989 also featured a kooky neighbor named Kessler. This character later became known as Kramer. [PAR] In the movie 'Now and Then', when the girls are talking to the hippie (Brenden Fraser), and they get up to leave, Teeny (Thora Birch)"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cups to Teaspoons - How many tsp in a cup? - Ask Numbers Cups to Teaspoons - How many tsp in a cup? [PAR] Cups to Teaspoons Conversion [PAR] How many teaspoons in a cup? [PAR] Cups to teaspoons (tsp) conversion factors are listed below. To find out how many teaspoons in cups, multiply by the right factor or use the converter below. [PAR] 1 Cup [US] = 48 Teaspoons [US] [PAR] 1 Cup [Metric] = 50 Teaspoons [Metric] [PAR] 1 Cup [US] = 39.97 Teaspoons [UK] [PAR] Cup is a volume unit and used mostly in cooking to measure liquid and bulk, dry foods. There is no international standard for cup sizes but mostly united states customary and metric cups are used. The abbreviation is \"c\". [PAR] Teaspoon is a commonly used volume unit in cooking recipes and prescriptions. 1 US teaspoon is about 5 milliliters or 1/6 of fluid ounces. The abbreviations are \"tsp\", \"ts\". [PAR] For tsp to cups converter, please go to tsp to cups [PAR] For other cooking unit conversions, please go to Cooking Units Conversion [PAR] Converter [PAR] Enter a US cup value that you want to convert into US teaspoons and click on the \"convert\" button.[DOC] [TLE] How Many Teaspoons in a Cup How Many Teaspoons in a Cup [PAR] Units of Measure / How Many Teaspoons in a Cup [PAR] How Many Teaspoons in a Cup [PAR] Aug 31, 2011 [PAR] When we are discussing how many teaspoons1 there are in one cup2, we should realize that we do not mean items of cutlery and containers for drinking from. Teaspoons and cups are non-metric units of volume, which are mostly used in the United States and other countries with the English measurement system. These units are typical for pharmaceutical prescriptions and cooking recipes. [PAR] In the countries, where the metric system has been introduced, teaspoons and cups are rarely used to measure volume. Liters and milliliters are much more convenient for this purpose. But if you live in a European country, do not think that you will never come across cups, tablespoons or teaspoons. You can find them in some cookbooks, especially if they are written by foreign writers. [PAR] Before we start talking about how many teaspoons there are in a cup, we will mention that many people can confuse the teaspoon with the tablespoon. For the most part, it happens because of the similar abbreviations of these units (T., Ts., Tbls., Tb. for the tablespoon, and t., ts., tsp., tspn.). As you see, even if the letters are the same, the abbreviation of the tablespoon is always written with the capital letter \u201cT\u201d. [PAR] How Many US Teaspoons in a US Cup [PAR] As it is stated above, teaspoons, tablespoons and cups are mostly used in the USA, so we will talk about US units of volume to give the right answer to the question, \u201cHow many teaspoons are there in a cup?\u201d And this answer is simple: [PAR] One US cup consists of 48 US teaspoons. [PAR] When you are going to calculate the number of teaspoons in some cups, just multiply the cups by 48. For converting teaspoons to cups, divide their number by 48. [PAR] The following table will give you a tip about how to convert US teaspoons, US tablespoons and US cups. [PAR] [PAR] 16 [PAR] 35 [PAR] The teaspoon (abbr. tspn, tsp, ts, t) is a non-metric unit which is used to measure volume. It is mostly used in the USA and is common for cookbooks and pharmaceutical prescriptions. One teaspoon equals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blood groups - NHS Choices Blood groups - NHS Choices [PAR] Blood groups [PAR] Blood groups [PAR] Introduction [PAR] There are four main blood groups (types of blood): A, B, AB and O. Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. [PAR] Each group can be either RhD positive or RhD negative, which means your blood group can be one of the eight types shown below (see the Rh system ). [PAR] What is blood? [PAR] Your body carries around four to six litres (7 to 10.5 pints) of blood. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a liquid called plasma. [PAR] Plasma is about 90% water, but also contains proteins, nutrients, hormones and waste products. Blood is made up of about 60% plasma and 40% blood cells. [PAR] Each type of blood cell has a specific role to play: [PAR] red blood cells carry oxygen around the body and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products; they give blood its red colour [PAR] white blood cells are part of the immune system (the body's natural defence mechanism) and help fight infection [PAR] platelets help the blood clot (thicken) to stop bleeding [PAR] Antigens and antibodies [PAR] Your blood group is identified by antigens and antibodies in the blood. Antibodies are part of your body's natural defences against invading substances such as germs. [PAR] Antigens are protein molecules found on the surface of red blood cells. Antibodies are proteins found in plasma. Antibodies recognise anything foreign in your body and alert your immune system to destroy it. [PAR] The ABO system [PAR] There are four main blood groups defined by the ABO system: [PAR] blood group A has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma [PAR] blood group B has B antigens with anti-A antibodies in the plasma [PAR] blood group O has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma [PAR] blood group AB has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies [PAR] Almost half (48%) of the UK population has blood group O, making this the most common blood group. [PAR] Receiving blood from the wrong ABO group can be life threatening. For example, the anti-A antibodies in a recipient with group B blood will attack the group A cells if transfused to them. This is why group A blood must never be given to a group B person. [PAR] As group O red blood cells don't have any A or B antigens, it can safely be given to any other group.[DOC] [TLE] The Blood | Home Health UK Female Health , General Health [PAR] Blood is the fluid of life, without blood the human body would stop working. As the heart pumps it forces blood through a network of tube-like blood vessels which branch out throughout every part of the body. There are three main types of blood vessels: [PAR] Arteries - the largest and thickest of the blood vessels. These vessels carry blood from the heart to all the cells in the body. The largest artery of the body is called the aorta, the aorta originates from the heart and then branches out into smaller arteries , the smallest arteries are called arterioles, which branch out until they become tiny capillaries. [PAR] Capillaries- the smallest blood vessels, it is in the capillaries that the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place. Capillaries are so small that red blood cells can only travel through them in single file. [PAR] Veins- similar to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is It Possible to Retain 12 inches of Hair Growth in 1 Year? Is It Possible to Retain 12 inches of Hair Growth in 1 Year? | Black Girl with Long Hair [PAR] Is It Possible to Retain 12 inches of Hair Growth in 1 Year? [PAR] Style Icon Fifi [PAR] Imagine retaining 12 inches of hair in one year. It\u2019s pretty exciting, isn\u2019t it? That\u2019s like going from a clean-shaven big chop to shoulder length or going from shoulder length to almost waist length in one year! I was pretty excited about that prospect years ago and considered \u201cchallenging\u201d myself to retain that much length in one year. However, the reality is the amount of hair you retain is both out of your control and determined by your practices. When it comes to hair growth and hair length retention it is common and encouraged to set length goals. Nevertheless some goals, no matter how well-intentioned, can be counterproductive. [PAR] Can you retain 12 inches of hair in 12 months? First, let\u2019s review a few facts common among most women. [PAR] \u2013 On average we grow \u00bd inch of hair each month. This translates to 6 inches a year. [PAR] \u2013 Even with healthy hair practices you will occasionally need to trim or dust your ends, leading to a regular loss of length [PAR] \u2013 Even if you choose not to trim your hair any untrimmed split ends may likely lead to breakage [PAR] \u2013 If you occasionally experience a spurt in growth (i.e. more than \u00bd inch in a month) it is unlikely that you will sustain that growth if your hair doesn\u2019t regularly grow at that rate [PAR] There\u2019s nothing wrong with setting hair goals that will help to keep you dedicated to a healthy hair regimen. However, unless you have always been a \u201csuper grower\u201d, averaging more than \u00be inch of hair growth a month, it\u2019s not likely that you will retain 12 inches of hair length in a year no matter how amazing your hair products or how delicately you manage your hair. [PAR] Okay, so now that I\u2019ve been somewhat of a Debbie Downer, here\u2019s some encouraging news: It may be quite rare to retain 12 inches in the course of one year BUT you can maximize your growth. Here are a few key reminders of practices you can incorporate into your hair regimen to reduce unnecessary breakage and retain healthier hair faster. [PAR] Treat the ends of your hair like fine lace. [PAR] That\u2019s right. Diligently moisturize your hair, paying particular attention to the last 3-4 inches of your hair. Moisturizing and sealing your ends will limit breakage and allow for maximum retention. [PAR] Stay Hydrated and Maintain a Healthy Diet [PAR] Be sure that you are drinking sufficient water and receiving necessary nutrients/vitamins. If not, your body will prioritize the health of your internal organs and will allow your hair, skin and nails to receive fewer nutrients so that your vital organs will receive what they need. [PAR] Wait for Color [PAR] You might want to consider waiting to dye your hair until you reach a length that is a few inches shorter than your ultimate length goal. If you do choose to color be committed to deep conditioning on a weekly basis. [PAR] Setting challenging length goals should be a source of motivation, rather than a way to determine if you can \u201ccut it\u201d as a natural. Basing your decision to remain natural on rapid hair growth is comparable to using your hair texture as a reason for choosing to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 37 Celsius \u2013 Body temperature chart | F to C 37 Celsius - Body temperature chart | F to C [PAR] 37 Celsius [PAR] Search for: [PAR] 37 Celsius: Body temperature measurement and unit conversions [PAR] 37 \u00b0C is a value that one encounters probably more often than any other temperature reading. If you are used to the Celsius scale, you recognize it immediately. Indeed, a normal body temperature of a healthy person is in the vicinity of 37 degrees Celsius, which makes this value so special and important. For the Fahrenheit folks, you may know it as 98.6 \u00b0F (as you can easily verify using our online converter ). [PAR] It is important to realize however that the 37 Celsius (or 98.6 Fahrenheit) value is essentially an averaged benchmark. What is \"normal\" depends on various factors, both objective and subjective. At least some of those factors should be taken into account when reaching conclusions about whether one's body temperature is normal. [PAR] Some objective factors affecting our body temperature include the time of day (with the lowest temperature in the morning and the highest typically around mid-afternoon), recent exercise (you get hot after a long run for instance), a recent meal, warm and/or alcoholic drinks, etc. All of these aspects can easily make one's temperature fluctuate within one or two degrees. [PAR] There are also subjective factors, such as the way body temperature is being measured, the instrument (thermometer) type being used, etc. For example, oral and under the arm readings commonly differ (oral being higher), and fast digital thermometer readings may not always be as accurate as longer liquid column thermometer measurements. [PAR] Digital thermometer [PAR] Liquid column thermometer [PAR] To summarize, the message we would like you to keep in mind is that the \"normal body temperature\" is more of a range rather than a well-defined number, and it should be relied on with reasonable flexibility. We wish you to stay healthy, and in cases when you do need to take a measurement and the only thermometer you have is not marked in the units you like, here is a chart that should help. [PAR] \u00b0C"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better ... The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name? - YouTube [PAR] The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 29, 2013 [PAR] This improves the knowledge of the children indirectly as they never know that they are learning. - [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] HAL Allergy Group: Clinical Conditions HAL Allergy Group: Clinical Conditions [PAR] Clinical Conditions [PAR] Allergic rhinitis is the most common symptom [PAR] Do you know how many types of allergy there really are? [PAR] Hay fever, pet and house dust mite allergies are very common. Other manifestations, such as allergic alveolitis, are far less common. This page briefly addresses the various forms. [PAR] Allergic rhinitis, the most common symptom, occurs in two forms, the seasonal type and the non-seasonal type. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known as hay fever. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis include sneezing, watery or irritated eyes, a blocked or runny nose and flu-like feeling. The symptoms occur during the flowering season of trees, grasses or shrubs, when they release pollen into the air, hence the term 'seasonal'. When the season is over, the symptoms disappear as well. Non-seasonal allergic rhinitis may occur all year round, its symptoms are comparable to the seasonal type but the allergens are different. Examples of this type of allergy are house dust mite and pet allergy. [PAR] Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva of both eyes. It is characterised by red, tearing and itching eyes. This type often goes hand in hand with allergic rhinitis. [PAR] Asthma occurs in many different forms. Allergic asthma is a fairly common type. It is a process of respiratory inflammation caused by inhaling substances to which one is allergic. Initial complaints include frequent coughing, respiratory infection and fatigue. Typical symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath occur at a later stage. [PAR] Allergic alveolitis is a collective name for a number of allergic pulmonary disorders caused by minuscule substances, often fungi and animal proteins. These substances are so small that they can enter the airways, where they cause an inflammatory reaction. Alveolitis is fairly rare. An example is pigeon fanciers lung, a disorder caused by extremely small dust particles in the droppings in a dovecote. [PAR] Urticaria is also known as hives or nettle rash. It is an allergic skin disorder characterised by severely itching lumps or rashes. Those rashes may occur anywhere on the body, occasionally causing a burning and chafing feeling. It has many causes, ranging from foodstuffs to detergents, from skin care products to even sunshine. Sun allergy is a form of urticaria, for example. [PAR] Angio-oedema is a special type of urticaria or nettle rash. The itching is considerably less severe, but the lumps accompanying angio-oedema are much bigger than those associated with urticaria. Angio-oedema often manifests itself on the eyelids, lips and mucous membranes. [PAR] Eczema is a skin disorder characterised by fluid-filled vesicles on the skin. The vesicles burst, which is followed by crustation. Eczema is a prevalent disorder, but may also have non-allergic causes. [PAR] Allergic eczema is divided into 'atopic eczema' and 'contact eczema'. A symptom of atopic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WebMD - Trachea The Trachea (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Conditions, and More [PAR] Human Anatomy [PAR] Picture of the Trachea [PAR] \u00a9 2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. [PAR] The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube about 4 inches long and less than an inch in diameter in most people. The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down behind the breastbone (sternum). The trachea then divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi: one bronchus for each lung. [PAR] The trachea is composed of about 20 rings of tough cartilage. The back part of each ring is made of muscle and connective tissue. Moist, smooth tissue called mucosa lines the inside of the trachea. The trachea widens and lengthens slightly with each breath in, returning to its resting size with each breath out. [PAR] Trachea Conditions [PAR] Tracheal stenosis: Inflammation in the trachea can lead to scarring and narrowing of the windpipe. Surgery or endoscopy may be needed to correct the narrowing (stenosis), if severe. [PAR] Tracheoesophageal fistula : An abnormal channel forms to connect the trachea and the esophagus. Passage of swallowed food from the esophagus into the trachea causes serious lung problems. [PAR] Tracheal foreign body: An object is inhaled (aspirated) and lodges in the trachea or one of its branches. A procedure called bronchoscopy is usually needed to remove a foreign body from the trachea. [PAR] Tracheal cancer: Cancer of the trachea is quite rare. Symptoms can include coughing or difficulty breathing. [PAR] Tracheomalacia: The trachea is soft and floppy rather than rigid, usually due to a birth defect. In adults, tracheomalacia is generally caused by injury or by smoking. [PAR] Tracheal obstruction: A tumor or other growth can compress and narrow the trachea, causing difficulty breathing. A stent or surgery is needed to open the trachea and improve breathing. [PAR] Trachea Tests [PAR] Flexible bronchoscopy : An endoscope (flexible tube with a lighted camera on its end) is passed through the nose or mouth into the trachea. Using bronchoscopy, a doctor can examine the trachea and its branches. [PAR] Rigid bronchoscopy : A rigid metal tube is introduced through the mouth into the trachea. Rigid bronchoscopy is often more effective than flexible bronchoscopy, but it requires deep anesthesia. [PAR] Computed tomography ( CT scan ): A CT scanner takes a series of X-rays, and a computer creates detailed images of the trachea and nearby structures. [PAR] Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI scan ): An MRI scanner uses radio waves in a magnetic field to create images of the trachea and nearby structures. [PAR] Chest X-ray : A plain X-ray can tell if the trachea is deviated to either side of the chest. An X-ray might also identify masses or foreign bodies.[DOC] [TLE] Chapter 21: The esophagus, trachea and main bronchi Chapter 21: The esophagus, trachea and main bronchi [PAR] Chapter 21: The esophagus, trachea and main bronchi [PAR] Thoracic part of esophagus [PAR] The esophagus (figs. 21-1 , 21-2 and 21-3 ) has cervical, thoracic, and abdominal parts, extending from the lower end of the pharynx (C6 vertebrae) to the cardiac opening of the stomach (T11 or 12 vertebral level). When a subject is in the erect position, it is about 25 to 30 cm long. The esophagus is a median structure that lies first behind the trachea and then behind the left atrium. It begins to deviate to the left below the left main bronchus. In the posterior mediastinum it is related to the vertebral column as a string is related to a bow. Hence there is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Folliculitis. Infected hair Follicles; symptoms and ... Folliculitis | Health | Patient [PAR] Folliculitis [PAR] 125 [PAR] Folliculitis is an infection of the hair follicles in the skin. It is a common problem that is not usually serious. Tiny pus-filled spots (pustules) develop at the base of a hair, often in crops. Mild cases often resolve without treatment. Sometimes, antibiotic creams or tablets are needed. In recurrent cases, antiseptic skin washes can be used. [PAR] What is folliculitis? [PAR] Folliculitis means an inflammation or infection of the hair follicles of the skin. Most of the skin is covered with tiny hairs which grow out of hair follicles. In folliculitis, many hair follicles in one area of the skin are affected. [PAR] The affected hair follicles swell into small pus-filled pimples. Each individual pimple looks like a small, rounded, yellow-red spot. [PAR] Why does folliculitis occur? [PAR] Most cases of folliculitis are due to an infection with a germ (bacterium) called Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This bacterium is carried harmlessly in the noses of many people, without causing any problems. Occasionally, other germs (bacteria) are the cause of folliculitis. [PAR] Folliculitis usually occurs at sites where hair follicles are damaged by friction or shaving, or where there is blockage of the follicle. Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) due to overactivity of the sweat glands can be another cause. Sometimes, using a steroid cream on the face can trigger a bout of folliculitis. The most common site affected is the beard area of men. Other common sites for folliculitis are the arms, legs, armpits and buttocks. [PAR] Types of folliculitis [PAR] Folliculitis can occur anywhere on hair-bearing skin. (It could not, for example, occur on the palms of the hands where there is no hair.) There are a few specific types of folliculitis that deserve a mention: [PAR] Sycosis barbae - this is the medical name for a long-term (chronic) folliculitis in the beard area of the face in men. It often affects the upper lip and it can be difficult to treat. The skin is painful and crusted, with burning and itching on shaving. Numerous pustules develop in the hair follicles. Some men grow a beard to solve the problem. [PAR] Hot tub folliculitis - as the name suggests, this tends to affect people who use hot tubs a lot. The hot water encourages germs (bacteria) called Pseudomonas spp. to grow (particularly if there is not enough chlorine in the water to keep it clean). Bathing in this 'soup' of bacteria can increase your risk of folliculitis. This type of folliculitis is generally harmless and is prevented by proper maintenance of hot tubs. Showering after using the hot tub does not seem to reduce the chance of folliculitis. [PAR] Gram-negative folliculitis - this is a type of folliculitis that may occur after acne has been treated with long-term antibiotics. Different bacteria are involved (not staphylococci). Gram-negative refers to a type of stain that is used in a laboratory to identify different types of bacteria. [PAR] Pseudo-folliculitis - this is not really a true folliculitis. It does look similar, as little lumps form at the bases of hairs. These lumps do not contain pus. They are actually due to ingrowing hairs. Sometimes this problem causes scarring. Pseudo-folliculitis is more common in people with curly or Afro-Caribbean hair. [PAR] Ingrowing/ingrown hairs [PAR] As mentioned above, these can cause a condition that looks like folliculitis. They are hairs that have curled around and grown back into the skin. Anyone can have ingrowing hairs (also called ingrown hairs), but they are more common in people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the function of the stirrup in the human body ... What is the function of the stirrup in the human body? | Socratic [PAR] What is the function of the stirrup in the human body? [PAR] Start with a one sentence answer [PAR] Then teach the underlying concepts [PAR] Don't copy without citing sources [PAR] Write a one sentence answer... [PAR] Answer: [PAR] I want someone to double check my answer [PAR] Describe your changes (optional) 200 [PAR] Cancel [PAR] Jun 22, 2016 [PAR] Answer: [PAR] The stirrup or Stapes is actually one of the ear bones or ossicles, along with the Incus (the anvil) and the Malleus (the hammer). [PAR] Explanation: [PAR] The stirrup or Stapes is actually one of the ear bones or ossicles, along with the Incus (the anvil) and the Malleus (the hammer). [PAR] These three bones vibrate to transfer sound waves from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the fluids in the cochlea or inner ear.[DOC] [TLE] Your Ears - Kids Health - Ears Your Ears [PAR] Your Ears [PAR] Tus o\u00eddos [PAR] Did you hear something? Maybe the sound you heard was as quiet as your cat licking her paws. Or maybe it was loud, like a siren going by. Sounds are everywhere, and you have two cool parts on your body that let you hear them all: your ears! [PAR] [PAR] Your ears are in charge of collecting sounds, processing them, and sending sound signals to your brain. And that's not all \u2014 your ears also help you keep your balance. So if you bend over to pick up your cat, you won't fall down \u2014 or even worse \u2014 fall on your cat. Meow! [PAR] The ear is made up of three different sections: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. These parts all work together so you can hear and process sounds. [PAR] The Outer Ear: Catch the Wave [PAR] The outer ear is called the pinna or auricle (say: OR-ih-kul). This is the part of the ear that people can see. It's what people pierce to wear earrings and what your friend whispers into when it's time for a secret. The main job of the outer ear is to collect sounds, whether they're your friend's whispers or a barking dog. [PAR] The outer ear also includes the ear canal, where wax is produced. Earwax is that gunky stuff that protects the canal. Earwax contains chemicals that fight off infections that could hurt the skin inside the ear canal. It also collects dirt to help keep the ear canal clean. So earwax isn't just gross. It's gross and useful. [PAR] continue [PAR] The Middle Ear: Good Vibrations [PAR] After sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and make their way to the middle ear. The middle ear's main job is to take those sound waves and turn them into vibrations that are delivered to the inner ear. To do this, it needs the eardrum, which is a thin piece of skin stretched tight like a drum. [PAR] The eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear and the ossicles (say: AH-sih-kulz). What are ossicles? They are the three tiniest, most delicate bones in your body. They include: [PAR] the malleus (say: MAH-lee-us), which is attached to the eardrum and means \"hammer\" in Latin [PAR] the incus (say: IN-kus), which is attached to the malleus and means \"anvil\" in Latin [PAR] the stapes (say: STAY-peez), the smallest bone in the body, which is attached to the incus and means \"stirrup\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hand and Wrist - Anatomy Pictures and Information Hand and Wrist - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Home > Skeletal System > Bones of the Arm and Hand > Hand and Wrist [PAR] Hand and Wrist [PAR] The bones of the hand and wrist provide the body with support and flexibility to manipulate objects in many different ways. Each hand contains 27 distinct bones that give the hand an incredible range and precision of motion. The forearm's ulna and radius support the many muscles that manipulate the bones of the hand and wrist. Rotation of the radius around the ulna results in the supination and pronation of the hand. These bones also form the flexible wrist joint with the proximal row of the carpals.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] Full Hand and Wrist Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . [PAR] There are eight small carpal bones in the wrist that are firmly bound in two rows of four bones each. The mass that results from these bones is called the carpus. The carpus is rounded on its proximal end, where it articulates with the ulna and radius at the wrist. The carpus is slightly concave on the palmar side, forming a canal known as the carpal tunnel through which tendons, ligaments, and nerves extend into the palm. Its distal surface articulates with the metacarpal bones, which are joined to the carpus by the palmar carpometacarpal ligaments. [PAR] The five long, thin metacarpal bones of the palm extend from the carpus to each of the digits of the hand. Each metacarpal is numbered I to V with metacarpal I connecting to the bones of the thumb, II connecting to the index finger, III connecting to the ring finger, and so on. Movement of the metacarpals by tiny muscles in the hand allows the palm to be stretched, compressed, and folded as needed. The distal head of the metacarpals is rounded to form a condyloid (oval) joint with the phalanges of the fingers. These condyloid joints allow 360-degree motion of the fingers at their bases. [PAR] Each of the digits of the hands contains 3 phalanges (singular: phalanx) except for the thumbs that contain only 2. The phalanges are long, slender bones that form hinge joints between each other. Phalanges that articulate with the metacarpals at the base of the digits are known as the proximal phalanges. The phalanges at the end of each digit are called the distal phalanges. In all of the digits except for the thumb the middle phalanges are found between the proximal and distal phalanges. Muscles in the forearms flex and extend the phalanges by pulling on long tendons that run through the wrist and hand. [PAR] Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1959 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1959 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Room at the Top (1959, UK) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] CHARLTON HESTON in [PAR] \"Ben-Hur\" , Laurence Harvey in \"Room at the Top\", Jack Lemmon in [PAR] \"Some Like It Hot\" , Paul Muni in \"The Last Angry Man\", James Stewart in \"Anatomy of a Murder\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] SIMONE SIGNORET in \"Room at the Top\", Doris Day in \"Pillow Talk\", Audrey Hepburn in \"The Nun's Story\", Katharine Hepburn in \"Suddenly, Last Summer\" , Elizabeth Taylor in \"Suddenly, Last Summer\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] HUGH GRIFFITH in [PAR] \"Ben-Hur\" , Arthur O'Connell in \"Anatomy of a Murder\", George C. Scott in \"Anatomy of a Murder\", Robert Vaughn in \"The Young Philadelphians\", Ed Wynn in \"The Diary of Anne Frank\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] SHELLEY WINTERS in \"The Diary of Anne Frank\", Hermione Baddeley in \"Room at the Top\", Susan Kohner in \"Imitation of Life\", Juanita Moore in \"Imitation of Life\", Thelma Ritter in \"Pillow Talk\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] WILLIAM WYLER for [PAR] \"Ben-Hur\" , Jack Clayton for \"Room at the Top\", George Stevens for \"The Diary of Anne Frank\", Billy Wilder for [PAR] \"Some Like It Hot\" , Fred Zinnemann for \"The Nun's Story\" [PAR] MGM's (producer Sam Zimbalist) and director William Wyler's three and a half-hour long epic drama [PAR] Ben-Hur (with a spectacular sea battle and eleven minute chariot race choreographed by Yakima Canutt) broke the previous year's all-time record of Gigi (1958). It was the most-honored motion picture in Academy Awards history up to that time and for many years - until 1997, with its record-breaking eleven Oscars from twelve nominations. And it was the most expensive film of its time, budgeted at $15 million. [PAR] Ben-Hur was a re-make of MGM's own 1926 silent film of the same name, and the first and only re-make to have won the Best Picture award. Both films were based on or inspired by General Lew Wallace's novel (first published in 1880) about the rise of Christianity. Ironically, the famed director Cecil B. DeMille, who had made 'Ben-Hur-like' films throughout his lifetime - without the same awards success as the 1959 winner, died the same year (on January 21, 1959). [PAR] The awards for the Best Picture film covered the following categories: Best Picture, Best Actor (Charlton Heston), Best Supporting Actor (Hugh Griffith), Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Sound, Best Musical Score, Best Film Editing, Best Special Effects, and Best Costume Design. It lost out on only a single nomination, for Best Screenplay credited to Karl Tunberg (although other writers included Maxwell Anderson, S.N. Behrman, Christopher Frye, and Gore Vidal). [The Best Screenplay Oscar was won by Neil Paterson for his intelligent script for Room at the Top.] [PAR] The Best Picture's competition came from less sweeping dramas: [PAR] director Otto Preminger's Anatomy of a Murder (with seven nominations and no wins), a sensational small-town trial and courtroom drama regarding the suspected rape of an Army lieutenant's wife [PAR] director George Stevens' The Diary of Anne Frank (with eight nominations and three wins - Best Supporting Actress, Best B/W Cinematography, and Best B/W Art Direction/Set Decoration), the overproduced story of the hiding of the Frank family in cramped conditions during the Nazi occupation [PAR] Fred Zinnemann's religious melodrama taken from Kathryn Hulme's novel, The Nun's Story (with eight nominations and no wins), about a free-spirited young nun who worked in the Congo and Belgium during WWII [PAR] director Jack Clayton's acclaimed and sensational British film Room at the Top (with six"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Academy Awards Best Actor - Filmsite.org Academy Awards Best Actor [PAR] The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) ); two were consecutive nominations (from 1930/31-1931/32) [PAR] Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins (Philadelphia (1993), Forrest Gump (1994)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1993-1994) [PAR] Sean Penn (5) - with two wins (Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008)); nominations were from 1995-2008 [PAR] The Most Best Actor Nominations: [PAR] Actors with the highest number of Best Actor acting nominations (in parentheses) include: [PAR] Spencer Tracy (9) - with two wins [PAR] Laurence Olivier (9) - with one win (Hamlet (1948)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1939-1940) [PAR] Jack Nicholson (8) - with two wins [PAR] Paul Newman (8) - with one win (The Color of Money (1986)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1981-1982) [PAR] Peter O'Toole (8) - with no wins; two were consecutive nominations (from 1968-1969); nominations from 1962-2006 [PAR] Marlon Brando (7) - with two wins [PAR] Dustin Hoffman (7) - with two wins [PAR] Jack Lemmon (7) - with one win (Save the Tiger (1973)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1959-1960, and from 1979-1980) [PAR] Paul Muni (6) - with one win (The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1935-1937) [PAR] Richard Burton (6) - with no wins; three were consecutive nominations (from 1964-1966) [PAR] Gary Cooper (5) - with two wins [PAR] Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins [PAR] Fredric March (5) - with two wins [PAR] Sean Penn (5) - with two wins [PAR] Daniel Day-Lewis (5) - with three wins [PAR] James Stewart (5) - with one win ( [PAR] Anthony Hopkins (3) - with one win ( The Silence of the Lambs (1991) ); nominations from 1991-1995 [PAR] Russell Crowe (3) - with one win (Gladiator (2000)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1999-2001) [PAR] Jeff Bridges (3) - with one win (Crazy Heart (2009)); nominations from 1984-2010 [PAR] George Clooney (3) - with no wins; nominations from 2007-2011 [PAR] Consecutive Best Actor-Winning Performers: [PAR] There are only two actresses (Luise Rainer and Katharine Hepburn) who have received two consecutive Best Actress awards, as there are only two actors who have received two consecutive Best Actor statuette wins: [PAR] Spencer Tracy (Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)) [PAR] Tom Hanks (Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994)) [PAR] [Note: Jason Robards won two consecutive Best Supporting Actor Oscars in 1976 and 1977.] [PAR] Winners of Both a Lead and Supporting Actor Oscar: [PAR] In 1997, Jack Nicholson tied Walter Brennan for the most wins (3) for a male performer (Brennan has three Best Supporting Actor trophies, Nicholson has two for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting Actor). The only stars to win both a Best Actor and a Best Supporting Actor (BSA) Oscar are the following: [PAR] Jack Nicholson (BA for [PAR] Gene Hackman (BA for The French Connection (1971) , BSA for Unforgiven (1992) ) [PAR] Kevin Spacey (BA for American Beauty (1999), BSA for The Usual Suspects (1995)) [PAR] Denzel Washington (BA for Training Day (2001), BSA for Glory (1989)) [PAR] The Only Best Actor Tie: [PAR] In the Best Actor category, an unusual tie (the only occurrence among male acting performances) occurred in 1931/32 between Wallace Beery and Fredric March, for their respective performances in The Champ (1931/32) and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931/32). [PAR] The Most Best Actor Oscar Nominations - Without Winning: [PAR] Peter O'Toole is the only star with eight Best Actor Oscar nominations without a single win. His record extends 44 years, from 1962 to 2006. [PAR] Richard"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars fast facts - Did you know? Oscars fast facts [PAR] Home \u00bb fastfacts \u00bb Oscars fast facts [PAR] Oscars fast facts [PAR] The shortest Oscar ceremony ever was the first, held in 1929; it lasted only about 15 minutes as all the winners had been announced three months earlier. [PAR] The longest Oscar awards ceremony was in 2000, running for 4 hours and 16 minutes \u2013 beating a previous record by 16 minutes. [PAR] Bob Hope has hosted the Oscars 18 times; Billy Crystal is in second place with 8 times. [PAR] Tom Hanks is the youngest recipient of the Academy\u2019s Lifetime Achievement Award, which he received in 2002 at age 45. [PAR] Kate Winslet received four Oscar nominations before reaching the age of 30. Elizabeth Taylor received four Oscar nominations before reaching the age of 28. [PAR] Gone with the Wind, at 3 hours and 56 minutes, was the longest film to have won a Best Picture Oscar; it was also the first film in color to win Best Picture. [PAR] The 1968 movie, War and Peace, was the longest film (431 minutes) to an Academy Award \u2013 for best Foreign picture. [PAR] Julia Phillips was the first female producer to win Best Picture award, for The Sting (1973). The first female to win the Best Director award was Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2008). [PAR] Henry Fonda was first nominated for a Best Actor Oscar in 1941 for his role in The Grapes of Wrath but had to wait 41 years before he finally achieved a win in 1982 for his role in On Golden Pond. At 76, he is the oldest actor yet to have received the Best Actor award. [PAR] The oldest actress to win an Oscar is Jessica Tandy \u2013 at 81 she won the Best Actress Oscar in 1990 for her performance in Driving Miss Daisy. [PAR] Anthony Quinn\u2019s performance as painter Paul Gaugin in Lust for Life (1956) is the shortest ever to win a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award, his second Oscar. He was on screen for only 8 minutes. (He won a similar award in 1952 playing opposite Marlon Brando in Elia Kazan\u2019s Viva Zapata!) [PAR] The shortest-ever winning performance for Best Supporting Actress belongs to Beatrice Straight, who won an Oscar in 1976 for her 5 minutes 40 seconds appearance as devastated wife Louise Schumacher in Network. Dame Judi Dench won an Oscar in 1998 for less than 8 minutes of screen time playing Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love. [PAR] The shortest-ever Best Actor Oscar-winning performance was awarded to David Niven in 1958, having appeared for only 15 minutes and 38 seconds in Separate Tables. The second-shortest winning appearance was made by Anthony Hopkins in 1992, for less than 16 minutes of screen time as Dr Hannibal \u201cThe Cannibal\u201d Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs. [PAR] In 1948, Jane Wyman won Best Actress award without uttering a word; she played the role of a deaf -mute person in the movie Johnny Belinda. The fewest lines actually spoken by an Oscar-winning actress won Patty Duke a Best Actress in a Supporting Role portraying the deaf and blind Helen Keller in the 1962 film The Miracle Worker. In the role she speaks only one word in the last scene: \u201cWah-wah\u201d (for \u201cwater\u201d). In 1993, Holly Hunter won a Best Actress Oscar for her role as a deaf person in the movie The Piano but she narrated a few scenes and does speak (although her face is covered) in the last scene of the film. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Will This Be A Breakthrough Year for Women Directors at ... Will This Be A Breakthrough Year for Women Directors at the Academy Awards? [PAR] Will This Be A Breakthrough Year for Women Directors at the Academy Awards? [PAR] {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} [PAR] Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. [PAR] Full Bio [PAR] The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe [PAR] In 86 years, only four women have been nominated for a best director Oscar. Only one, Kathryn Bigelow, has won. Lina Wertmuller was the first woman nominated for the 1976 film, Seven Beauties. Jane Campion was number two for the 1993 film, The Piano. Sofia Coppola is number three for the 2003 film, Lost in Translation, and number four is the only one to make it to the podium, Kathryn Bigelow for her film The Hurt Locker. [PAR] As you can tell from these very low numbers it is very difficult for a woman to garner a best director nomination. There are several reasons for this. [PAR] One reason is the low number of women in the directing branch. The way that you get an Oscar nomination is that the individual branch members nominate you. Of the over 6,000 members of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, only 377 are members of the directing branch. And, only 36 of those 371 people are women. That's under 10%. [PAR] The second reason is that many women -- though not all women as exemplified by Kathryn Bigelow -- make movies about women. These movies are never seen to have the gravitas as movies about men. In 2014, only two of the nine films nominated for best picture -- Gravity and Philomena -- told stories about women, and none of those nine were directed by a woman. In 2013, again there were nine best picture nominations, and two -- Beasts of a Southern Wild and Zero Dark Thirty -- had women (one has a girl) as the central character. And keep in mind that Kathryn Bigelow who won many critics awards as best director for that film was passed over by the Academy for her second nomination. When she makes a movie about men at war she gets the win, but when she makes a movie about war with a central female character she gets snubbed. [PAR] Ava DuVernay on the set of Selma [PAR] But this year could be a breakthrough year for women directors. I know it is overly optimistic and a tad delusional to think that women could get two nominations for best director, but there are two women -- Angelina Jolie for Unbroken and Ava DuVernay for Selma -- who should get HARD looks come awards time. The fact that both women have made movies about men will just enhance their chances of getting noticed. [PAR] Angelina Jolie, arguably, has had the best year of her career. As an actress she was able to propel Maleficent to great box office heights -- this past weekend it crossed $500 million worldwide at the box office. She just co-convened an international conference on sex crimes in war, and was made a dame by Queen Elizabeth. But it will be her film Unbroken based on the best selling book of the same name by Laura that will get Jolie into the Oscar conversation as a potential best director. [PAR] The movie just screams Oscar. It was written by Joel and Ethan Coen with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1956 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1956 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] The Ten Commandments (1956) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] YUL BRYNNER in \"The King and I\" , James Dean in \"Giant\", Kirk Douglas in \"Lust for Life\", Rock Hudson in \"Giant\", Laurence Olivier in \"Richard III\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] INGRID BERGMAN in \"Anastasia\", Carroll Baker in \"Baby Doll\" , Katharine Hepburn in \"The Rainmaker\", Nancy Kelly in \"The Bad Seed\", Deborah Kerr in \"The King and I\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] ANTHONY QUINN in \"Lust for Life\", Don Murray in \"Bus Stop\", Anthony Perkins in \"Friendly Persuasion\", Mickey Rooney in \"The Bold and the Brave\", Robert Stack in \"Written on the Wind\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] DOROTHY MALONE in \"Written on the Wind\" , Mildred Dunnock in \"Baby Doll\" , Eileen Heckart in \"The Bad Seed\", Mercedes McCambridge in \"Giant\", Patty McCormack in \"The Bad Seed\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] GEORGE STEVENS for \"Giant\", Michael Anderson for \"Around the World in 80 Days\", Walter Lang for \"The King and I\" , King Vidor for \"War and Peace\", William Wyler for \"Friendly Persuasion\" [PAR] This was the year that the regular competitive category of Best Foreign Language film was introduced, instead of only being recognized as a special achievement Honorary Award or as a Best Picture nominee (as in 1938). The nominees were from West Germany, France, Japan, Italy, and Denmark. The first winner in this new category was Federico Fellini's La Strada with Anthony Quinn and a second nomination for Original Screenplay. Its win would help to create an interest in foreign-language films - with subtitles. Another Fellini film, The Nights of Cabiria (1957) would win the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar in the following year. [PAR] This was also the first year that all of the five Best Picture nominees were in color. [PAR] Another possible trend, signaled by the victory of Marty (1955) , toward simpler, shorter, intimate dramas, did not occur again in 1956. Instead, there was the splashy emergence of wide-scale, expensive super-epics (colorful dramas, musicals, comedies, and costume pieces) all at least two hours long - mostly to compete with the resurgence of television. [PAR] All of the major awards winners were gigantic - Mike Todd's Around the World in 80 Days, The King and I , Anastasia, Giant, De Mille's The Ten Commandments - the highest grossing film of the year, King Vidor's War and Peace, and Wyler's Friendly Persuasion. [And the trend toward blockbusters and colorful spectaculars was established for years to come. The next three Best Picture winners proved the point: [PAR] Ben-Hur (1959) .] [PAR] This was only the second time in Oscar's long history that the top six prizes (Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, Supporting Actor, and Supporting Actress) went to six different films. It also occurred in 1952 and wouldn't occur again until another 49 years later - in 2005! [PAR] The Best Picture nominees for 1956 included: [PAR] the exciting globe-trotting travelogue Around the World in 80 Days (with eight nominations and five Oscars - Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Color Cinematography, Best Music Score (Victor Young - his first Oscar, won posthumously after 19 previous nominations), and Best Film Editing), the three hour epic and adaptation of the Jules Verne classic novel about a proper Victorian/English gentleman named Phileas Fogg who makes a financial wager about circumventing the globe (by balloon, train, stagecoach, rickshaw, boat, elephant, etc.) [PAR] the musical The King and I (with nine nominations and five wins - Best Score, Best Sound, Best Actor, Best Art Direction, Best Costume"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A.A. Milne - Writer - Biography.com A.A. Milne - Writer - Biography.com [PAR] A.A. Milne [PAR] English writer A.A. Milne is best known for his children's stories about the adventures of Winnie-the-Pooh. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u201cNo sensible author wants anything but praise.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWeeds are flowers too, once you get to know them.\u201d [PAR] \u0097A.A. Milne [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] British author A.A. Milne was born in London, England, on January 18, 1882. After attending the University of Cambridge's Trinity College and writing for the literary magazines Granta and Punch, Milne began a successful career as a novelist, poet and playwright in the 1920s. His best known works are his two collections of children's poetry, When We Were Young and Now We Are Six, and his two books of stories about the lovable bear Winnie-the-Pooh and his animal friends. Milne died on January 31, 1956. [PAR] Early Life and Education [PAR] A.A. Milne was born Alan Alexander Milne on January 18, 1882, in London, England. He and his two older brothers were raised in London by their parents, Sarah Marie (n\u00e9e Heginbotham) and John Vine Milne, the headmaster of a private school named Henley House. [PAR] Milne was educated at Westminster School in London and at the University of Cambridge's Trinity College. While at Cambridge, he studied mathematics and also edited and wrote for the student magazine Granta. Realizing that writing was his true vocation, he moved to London after his graduation in 1903. He began writing for the literary magazine Punch in 1906, and his essays and humorous poetry were published in the magazine through 1914. [PAR] Wartime Service and Literary Success [PAR] Despite being a pacifist, in 1915, Milne served in World War I, enlisting in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, and then working in the Royal Corps of Signals. He was discharged in 1919 and settled in London with his wife, Dorothy \"Daphne\" de S\u00e9lincourt (whom he had married in 1913). Their son, Christopher Robin, was born in 1920. [PAR] During his military service, Milne had written his first play, a one-act farce titled Wurzel-Flummery. After the war, he achieved success as a playwright. His comedies of the early 1920s, including Mr. Pim Passes By (1921) and The Dover Road (1921), were enthusiastically received by critics and audiences. He also penned a detective novel titled The Red House Mystery, published in 1922. In 1929 he wrote a stage adaptation of Kenneth Grahame's classic children's book The Wind in the Willows, titled Toad of Toad Hall. [PAR] 'Winnie-the-Pooh' and Other Children's Literature [PAR] In 1924, Milne applied his long-time talent for light verse to a collection of children's poems titled When We Were Very Young. This book included poems such as \"Buckingham Palace\" and \"Halfway Down,\" which were inspired by his 4-year-old son's pastimes. In 1927, Milne wrote a second volume of verse for young readers, titled Now We Are Six. [PAR] Milne's greatest and enduring successes, however, were his books Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928). These two volumes told the adventures of a young boy named Christopher Robin, after Milne's own son (Christopher Robin Milne), and his animal playmates, who were inspired by the real Christopher Robin's stuffed toys. A bear named Winnie-the-Pooh was the central character, accompanied by fussy Rabbit, gloomy donkey Eeyore, bouncy tiger Tigger, kind kangaroo Kanga and her baby Roo, wise Owl and shy Piglet. [PAR] The adventures of Pooh and his friends in the Hundred Acre Wood, illustrated by artist Ernest H. Shepard, were all best-sellers and made Milne a household name. [PAR] Later Years [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leprechauns: Facts About the Irish Trickster Fairy Leprechauns: Facts About the Irish Trickster Fairy [PAR] Leprechauns: Facts About the Irish Trickster Fairy [PAR] By Benjamin Radford, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] June 20, 2013 08:19pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] An unidentified man in a St. Patrick's Day parade waving at the crowd wearing a green leprechaun hat and laughing March 17, 2012, Cork, Ireland. [PAR] Credit: Peter O'Toole | Shutter [PAR] Leprechauns are a type of fairy, though it's important to note that the fairies of Irish folklore were not cute Disneyfied pixies; they could be lustful, nasty, capricious creatures whose magic might delight you one day and kill you the next if you displeased them. [PAR] Leprechauns are often described as wizened, bearded old men dressed in green (early versions were clad in red) and wearing buckled shoes, often with a leather apron. Sometimes they wear a pointed cap or hat and may be smoking a pipe. [PAR] Leprechaun lore [PAR] In their book \"The Element Encyclopedia of Magical Creatures,\" John and Caitlin Matthews trace leprechaun legends back to eighth-century legends of water spirits called \"luchorp\u00e1n,\" meaning small body. These sprites eventually merged with a mischievous household fairy said to haunt cellars and drink heavily. [PAR] Other researchers say that the word leprechaun may be derived from the Irish leath bhrogan, meaning shoemaker. Indeed, though leprechauns are often associated with riches and gold, in folklore their main vocation is anything but glamorous: they are humble cobblers, or shoemakers. Shoemaking is apparently a lucrative business in the fairy world, since each leprechaun is said to have his own pot of gold, which can often be found at the end of a rainbow. [PAR] According to Irish legends, people lucky enough to find a leprechaun and capture him (or, in some stories, steal his magical ring, coin or amulet) can barter his freedom for his treasure. Leprechauns are usually said to be able to grant the person three wishes. But dealing with leprechauns can be a tricky proposition. [PAR] A trickster [PAR] The leprechaun plays several roles in Irish folklore; he is principally a roguish trickster figure who cannot be trusted and will deceive whenever possible. In her encyclopedia \"Spirits, Fairies, Leprechauns, and Goblins,\" folklorist Carol Rose offers a typical tale of leprechaun trickery \"concerning a man who managed to get a leprechaun to show him the bush in the field where his treasure was located. Having no spade [shovel], the man marked the tree with one of his red garters, then kindly released the sprite and went for a spade. Returning almost instantly he found that every one of the numerous trees in the field sported a red garter!\" [PAR] In the magical world, most spirits, fairies and other creatures have a distinctive sound that is associated with them. Some entities \u2014 such as the Irish fairy banshee and the Hispanic spirit La Llorona \u2014 are said to emit a mournful wail signifying their presence. In the case of the leprechaun, it's the tap-tap-tapping of his tiny cobbler hammer, driving nails into shoes, that announces they are near. [PAR] In his collection of Irish fairy and folk tales, W.B. Yeats offered an 18th-century poem by William Allingham titled \"The Lepracaun; Or, Fairy Shoemaker\" which describes the sound: [PAR] \"Lay your ear close to the hill. [PAR] Do you not catch the tiny clamour, [PAR] Busy click of an elfin hammer, [PAR] Voice of the Lepracaun singing shrill [PAR] As he merrily plies his trade?\" [PAR] The 1825 publication of a book called \"Fairy Legends\" seemingly cemented the character"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cruising the Canaries: La Palma, Tenerife and Lanzarote ... Cruising the Canaries: La Palma, Tenerife and Lanzarote \u2013 On the Luce travel blog [PAR] Cruising the Canaries: La Palma, Tenerife and Lanzarote [PAR] Last updated on August 31, 2016 [PAR] Volcanoes, black sand beaches and winter sun holidays \u2013 that was pretty much the extent of my knowledge of the Canary Islands. But as part of my cruise on board P&O Cruises\u2019 ship Britannia , I got the chance to visit three of the islands and found out that there\u2019s a lot more to them. The Canaries are a unique group of islands. They\u2019re part of Spain but are actually far closer to Morocco (60 miles away versus 600 miles). They were formed by underwater volcanoes that erupted millions of years ago. They\u2019re subtropical with long warm summers and mild winters. But what I didn\u2019t realise was just how different they are. There are seven Canary Islands, with famous names Tenerife, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria as well the lesser-known La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro. They\u2019re surprisingly varied \u2013 the landscapes, architecture and even the climate can be totally different between islands only a few hours apart. So a cruise was a good way to island-hop and get a taste of the Canaries in La Palma, Tenerife and Lanzarote. [PAR] Arrecife\u2019s Museo Historica [PAR] La Palma [PAR] Our first port of call was the island of La Palma. It\u2019s the furthest north of the Canaries and the steepest and rockiest, with sharp peaks jutting up along the coastline. The \u2018Isla Bonita\u2019 hasn\u2019t had much major development over the years so still has a traditional feel and peaceful atmosphere. We took a walk around the capital Santa Cruz de la Palma, where you can catch a glimpse of what life was like in its glory days as one of the Spanish Empire\u2019s most important ports. The cobbled Calle Real is lined with old colonial merchants\u2019 houses, Renaissance churches and pretty squares. Along the waterside Avenida Maritima we found a row of colourful houses that looked like they\u2019d come from the Caribbean, with carved wooden balconies practically groaning with the weight of flowers. The town has a few museums, galleries and churches, but it\u2019s also perfect to just wander around or sit in a pavement caf\u00e9 and watch the world go by. [PAR] What else to do: Tour a replica of Columbus\u2019 ship the Santa Maria, visit the Iglesia De El Salvador, check out the Flemish art at the Museo Bellas Artes, walk around the crater of the Caldera de Taburiente. [PAR] Wooden balconies on the Avenida Maritima [PAR] La Palma harbour [PAR] Tenerife [PAR] Our second stop was in Tenerife, the biggest Canary Island. It\u2019s famous for its beach resorts, but we headed to the north of the island to explore its greener side. Tenerife gets plenty of sunshine so the south is as dry as you\u2019d expect from somewhere the same latitude as the Sahara Desert. But the trade winds condense humidity over the north so there\u2019s more rainfall and areas like the Ortavia Valle are surprisingly green. The island has over 1400 different plant species, 100 of which aren\u2019t found anywhere else in the world. Our garden tour started with some of them in the Botanic Gardens. It\u2019s a lush green oasis filled with shady palm trees, exotic flowers, ponds full of waterlilies and lizards basking on the rocks. Even more colourful was the nearby Orchid Garden Sitio Litre, Tenerife\u2019s oldest garden. A historic mansion is surrounded by fountains and a rainbow of beautiful orchids."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miles \"Tails\" Prower - Sonic News Network - Wikia Miles \"Tails\" Prower | Sonic News Network | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] I've changed a lot since I started hanging out with Sonic , but I can't depend on him forever. I know I can do this by myself! [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] Miles \"Tails\" Prower, Sonic Adventure [6] [PAR] Miles Prower (\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u30fb\u30d1\u30a6\u30a2\u30fc, Mairusu Pau\u0101 ? ), better known by his nickname, Tails (\u30c6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9, Teirusu ? ), is a fictional character from the Sonic the Hedgehog series . He is an anthropomorphic fox cub born exclusively with two twin-tails, hence his nickname. Because of his abnormality, Tails was the subject of bullying during his youth. One day, however, he met Sonic the Hedgehog and was inspired to become as cool as him after seeing him run like the wind. Tails soon after began following Sonic on his adventures and has since become his best friend and sidekick. He is able to use his twin-tails to fly by rotating them like helicopter rotors and is a mechanic genius and aerial pilot. [PAR] A gentle and sweet-natured soul, Tails was initially timid and lacked courage. After meeting Sonic, however, Tails has become more confident, eventually growing into a more outgoing, brave and independent individual, and a hero in his own right. Since encountering Sonic, Tails has looked up to him and stood by his side, helping him however he can during their adventures. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Concept and creation [PAR] The concept for Tails was founded during the development of Sonic the Hedgehog 2 . After some discussion about making a sequel to Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) , portions of Sonic Team went to work with Sega of America 's Sega Technical Institute . A new element they wanted to introduce was a new character that would both serve as a sidekick to Sonic the Hedgehog and draw attention and new players to the franchise. [PAR] An internal contest was held at STI which Yasushi Yamaguchi , originally the main artist and zone designer for Sega 's Sonic Team , won. Yamaguchi originally created Ray the Squirrel (who would only appear in SegaSonicArcade) [7] to be used as a sidekick, but designed Tails for the internal competition after Sega of Japan rejected the Flying Squirrel idea. The character was meant to hold a \"deep admiration for Sonic.\" [8] [PAR] The name 'Miles Prower' played on a speed pun (miles per hour) and was originally intended to be a tanuki, a raccoon-like canine native to east Asia, and extremely popular in Japanese folklore. The designers decided to change him to a fox, however, to avoid possible comparisons with Mario , who at the time had a power up called the Tanooki Suit, which allowed him to fly, and made him look like a tanuki. His entry won, but Sonic Team decided to change his character's name from \"Miles\" to \"Tails\" in which Yamaguchi was not too pleased at all about. Yamaguchi ended up with a compromise: he put the name \"Miles\" in as his legal name; \"Tails\" would be his nickname, ending up with the full name of Miles \"Tails\" Prower. [PAR] The character debuted as Sonic's tag-along partner in the franchise's second game, and has remained an important character. However Tails' uniqueness was not established until Sonic the Hedgehog 3 when players were allowed to control his flying. [9] [PAR] Tails was redesigned (along with all of the other Sonic characters) by Yuji Uekawa for Sonic Adventure. Tails' redesign saw him having his fur color changed to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of the Frisbee - About.com Inventors The History of the Frisbee - Who Invented the Frisbee? [PAR] The History of the Frisbee [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 13, 2016. [PAR] Every object has a history, and behind that history an inventor. Sometimes who was first can be a topic for hot debate. Often several people independent of each other will all think of the same good idea at around the same time and will later argue \"No it was me, I thought of it first.\" For example, many people have claimed to have invented the Frisbee. [PAR] The legend behind the \u201cFrisbee\u201d name [PAR] The Frisbie Baking Company (1871-1958) of Bridgeport, Connecticut, made pies that were sold to many New England colleges. Hungry college students soon discovered that the empty pie tins could be tossed and caught, providing endless hours of game and sport. Many colleges have claimed to be the home of 'he who was first to fling.' Yale College has even argued that in 1820 a Yale undergraduate named Elihu Frisbie grabbed a passing collection tray from the chapel and flung it out into the campus, thereby becoming the true inventor of the Frisbie and winning glory for Yale. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Should I Buy my House or Continue to Rent? [PAR] That tale is unlikely to be true since the words \u201cFrisbie's Pies\u201d was embossed in all the original pie tins and it was from the word \u201cFrisbie\u201d that the common name for the toy was coined. [PAR] Early inventors [PAR] In 1948, a Los Angeles building inspector named Walter Frederick Morrison and his partner Warren Franscioni invented a plastic version of the Frisbie that could fly further and with better accuracy than a tin pie plate. Morrison's father was also an inventor, who invented the automotive sealed-beam headlight. Another interesting tidbit was that Morrison had just returned to America after World War II, where he had been a prisoner in the infamous Stalag 13. His partnership with Warren Franscioni, who was also a war veteran, ended before their product had achieved any real success. [PAR] The word 'Frisbee' is pronounced the same as the word \u201cFrisbie.\u201d Rich Knerr (Wham-O) was in search of a catchy new name to help increase sales after hearing about the original use of the terms \u201cFrisbie\u201d and \u201cFrisbie-ing.\u201d He borrowed from the two words to create the registered trademark \u201cFrisbee.\u201d Soon after, sales soared for the toy, due to Wham-O's clever marketing of Frisbee playing as a new sport . In 1964, the first professional model went on sale. [PAR] Ed Headrick was the inventor at Wham-O who patented Wham-O's designs for the modern frisbee (U.S. patent 3,359,678). Ed Headrick's Frisbee, with its band of raised ridges called the Rings of Headrick, had stablized flight as opposed to the wobbly flight of its predecessor the Pluto Platter. [PAR] Headrick, who invented the Wham-O Superball that sold over twenty-million units, held the utility patent for the modern day Frisbee, which has sold over two hundred million units to date. Mr. Headrick led the advertising program, new products program, was vice president of research and development, executive vice president, general manager and also served as CEO for Wham-O Incorporated over a ten-year period. The patent drawing at the top of this article is from U.S. patent 3,359,678 and was issued to Headrick on December 26, 1967. [PAR] Today, the fifty-year-old Frisbee is owned by Mattel Toy Manufacturers, one of at least sixty manufacturers of flying discs. Wham-O sold over one hundred million units"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] pacmanmuseum.com - Pac-Man Creator Toru Iwatani Biography pacmanmuseum.com - Pac-Man Creator Toru Iwatani Biography [PAR] [PAR] Pac-Man Creator Toru Iwatani Biography [PAR] Toru Iwatani (born January 25, 1955) is a Japanese video game designer and created one of the most popular arcade games of all time, Pac-Man. Iwatani was born in the Meguro ward of Tokyo, Japan. In 1977, at the age of 22, Iwatani joined Namco Ltd, a computer software company in Tokyo that produces video games. Game designer Toru Iwatani is totally self-taught, without any formal training in computers, visual arts, or graphic design. [PAR] Namco Limited, whose main product lines at the time were projection-based amusement rides and light gun shooting galleries. Iwatani had expected that his job would involve working on pinball machines, and was initially disappointed that he would instead have to work on these strange, clinical 'video-games' instead. By way of compromise, Gee Bee (1978) was a heavily pinball-inspired paddle game, as were his next two designs (presumably developed by modifying Gee Bee), Bomb Bee and Cutie Q (both 1979). [PAR] Iwatani wished to create a game that would target women and couples; his goal was for game centers to shed their somewhat sinister image for a lighter atmosphere, and he believed that the key to doing that was to get girls to come in. [PAR] Toru Iwatani - around 1980 [PAR] Programmers at Work [PAR] The legend tells that Iwatani's eureka moment came when he removed a slice of pizza from a pie, creating the visual inspiration for his next big thing. It was in this moment that, according to Iwatani, Pac-Man was officially born. Now that he had the look, he needed that special something to attract his target audience. After listening to girls talk to one another, Iwatani determined that food and eating would be the way to get the girls in the arcade halls. [PAR] He came up with the idea for \"Puck-Man\" and around 1978, he, along with Shigeo Funaki (programmer), Toshio Kai (sound and music), a hardware engineer and a cabinet designer produced the game, taking it from concept to finished product. Within 18 months, Iwatani and his team created a game that would change the games world. After many experiments, he came up with Pac-Man chomping his way through food placed around a maze, and being chased by ghosts. The four ghosts - Blinky, Pinky, Inky and Clyde, as they were known outside Japan - were based on Obake no Q-Taro, a famous cartoon ghost. [PAR] But bat-and-ball games were already on the way out, and Taito's introduction of Space Invaders in 1979 began an industry-wide shift towards shoot-'em-up games (indeed, Namco were quick to stake their claim in this territory with the Galaxian/Galaga series). Observing that there was too little variety to prevent this schmup-craze from eventually going the same way as the paddle games, Iwatani wanted to try to take his next game in another direction. He wanted to make a game that did not focus on conflict, and would be appealing to male and female audiences. The underlying theme he chose for his new game was 'eating' and the result was Puckman, later to be renamed Pac-Man. [PAR] \"Puck-Man\" was released to the Japanese public on May 22, 1980 [PAR] where it became a huge success. It caught the attention of arcade-game manufacturer Midway, who bought the United States rights for the game and released the game in the U.S. as \"Pac-Man\", for fear that kids may deface a Puck-Man cabinet by changing the 'P' to an 'F'. Due to its innovative"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barbie is dating again, this time it's a hunky Australian ... Barbie is dating again, this time it's a hunky Australian - Jun. 29, 2004 [PAR] Aussie hunk wins Barbie's heart [PAR] Mattel says popular doll finds new love from Australia to replace the dumped Ken. [PAR] June 29, 2004: 11:41 AM EDT [PAR] By Joseph Lee, CNN/Money Staff Writer [PAR] NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - If Britney and J. Lo can replace love so easily, so can Barbie. [PAR] [PAR] Blaine doll, left, is Barbie's new love. [PAR] The popular doll from Mattel Inc. ( MAT : down $0.16 to $18.09, Research , Estimates ) has a new love in her life, an Australian surfer named Blaine, the world's largest toymaker said Tuesday. [PAR] Over the past few weeks, Mattel said more than 2 million people worldwide logged on to Barbie.com to help the world's most famous plastic-looking girl choose a new beau after Ken, her previous long-term boyfriend, was ditched earlier this year. [PAR] The Blaine doll was the undisputed winner, the company said. [PAR] After 43 years as one of the world's best-looking couples, Mattel announced the breakup of Barbie and Ken in February. But some experts saw the move by Mattel was purely \"a publicity stunt.\" [PAR] \"It's certainly getting grown-ups like you talking about Barbie, and the metaphor that they are using reflects the majority of people's fascination with celebrity,\" said Chris Byrne, an independent toy consultant. [PAR] Weak U.S. doll sales and a lackluster retail environment have hurt Mattel's profits recently. Adding some new romance to Barbie's closely watched personal life, Mattel not only raises Barbie's profile but also the awareness of Mattel's brand name, he said. [PAR] \"On one level, the Hollywood-like romance is tongue-in-cheek. But on the other level, it means serious business,\" Byrne added. [PAR] Mattel reported in April that first-quarter profit dropped 73 percent on lower sales of its Barbie doll brand and higher administrative and sales costs, despite an increase in overall worldwide sales. [PAR] YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS [PAR] Follow the news that matters to you. Create your own alert to be notified on topics you're interested in. [PAR] Manage alerts | What is this? [PAR] Mattel also gave a murky outlook, saying it wouldn't be clear until 2005 whether new merchandising strategies were effective. [PAR] Despite their highly publicized breakup, Mattel said Barbie and Ken remain friends and will make an appearance in an upcoming film. [PAR] The popular Mattel doll, created and named \"Barbie Millicent Roberts\" in 1959, has played every role from a nurse to pop music idol, and she's available for sale in more than 150 countries, according to the toy company. [PAR] Mattel said the Blaine doll will be available in August at a suggested retail price of $14.95."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corgi James Bond Aston Martin | eBay Corgi James Bond Aston Martin | eBay [PAR] Corgi James Bond Aston Martin [PAR] Corgi James Bond Aston Martin [PAR] Corgi James Bond Aston Martin [PAR] Browse Related [PAR] This is a Corgi James Bond Aston Martin D.B.5 Gold Chase car. [PAR] Condition: [PAR] $35.00 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] The plinth is in excellent condition but is missing one of the small inner side flaps with a small piece next to it which can be seen in photos #7 and #8. Plinth has all other end flaps present and fi... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] or Best Offer [PAR] Only removed from the box to photo. Unplayed with in near perfect condition. Deflector shield operators, but needs a little push to get up (would probably be fine with a drop of oil). Box is perfect. [PAR] $27.95 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Original Corgi diecast metal car, missing the roof and passenger, fair condition. Buying collections of old toys. [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] Corgi 261 James Bond Aston Martin. Insert background excellent-very good. I hold the exclusive rights to all my photographs, usage is not permitted. 1 end flap loose/included. Original box good-fair. [PAR] $9.99 [PAR] 0 bids [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] 11 watching [PAR] This is a great and classic Corgi Toy. Probably 1 of the most famous diecast models ever made! Would make a great addition to any Corgi Toys collection. Accessories: Does come with an envelope that wa... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] 6 watching [PAR] CORGI COLLECTIBLES: JAMES BOND 007 ASTON MARTIN DB10 DIE-CAST SPORTS (DIE CAST 1:36 SCALE). Just released by Corgi Toys Inc. Low profile rubber tires. [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] MODEL # 04202 GOLDFINGER. The collection includes almost every single James Bond Aston Martin DB5 produced sold by Corgi. ASTON MARTIN DB5 COLLECTION. MODEL NAME \u2013 ASTON MARTIN DB5. JAMES BOND CORGI T... [PAR] | [PAR] 2 sold [PAR] James Bond 007, is one the most recognized characters around the world and his Aston Martin DB5 is as synonymous as it is a memorable part of the series. In 1965, Corgi won the first Toy of the Year A... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] James Bond 007 Aston Martin Corgi 1979 Glidrose & Eon DB6 complete with ejectable man!!! None of the others have the extra man pointing his pistol at James Bond. This was my personal toy as a child an... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] MODEL # C1361, Gift Set. The collection includes almost every single James Bond Aston Martin DB5 produced sold by Corgi. ASTON MARTIN DB5 COLLECTION. MODEL NAME ? ASTON MARTIN DB5. This gift set inclu... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] MODEL # 96657. The collection includes almost every single James Bond Aston Martin DB5 produced sold by Corgi. GOLDENEYE EDITION. ASTON MARTIN DB5 COLLECTION. Produced to coincide with the release of ... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] One is missing a tire. The front mechanisms work on both too. The rear shields do snap down, but do not spring up by themselves when the exhaust is pressed in. VIEW ALL PHOTOS - PICTURES SPEAK LOUDER ... [PAR] $13.50 [PAR] 4 bids [PAR] As close to mint as you can get, includes bad guy! Payment is due on auctions within 3 days. Paypal only, NO E-CHECKS. Payment is due immediately on buy-it-now. Paypal only, NO E-CHECKS. I will combin...[DOC] [TLE] James Bond 'Spectre': Hornby to Sell 007 Toy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tamagotchi - Loveable Egg Page - Polson Enterprises Tamagotchi - Loveable Egg Page [PAR] Tamagotchi [PAR] Commemorative [PAR] Edition [PAR] Tamagotchi is BACK !! Bandai continues to release new versions of Tamagotchi Connection following the very successful U.S. launch of Version 1 on August 15, 2004. Follow all the news surrounding Tamagotchi Connection on our Tamagotchi Connection Information Center Page . [PAR] Read on below for coverage the Original Tamagotchi back in 1997. [PAR] Tamagotchi - This egg shaped loveable electronic bird creature that resembles a chicken virtual pet built by a Japanese toymaker, Bandai Company, took Japan by storm in late 1996. It was originally called Tamagocchi (Japanese word for loveable egg) in Japan, Bandai labeled it Tamagotchi in its early U.S. press releases. [PAR] If you came into our website from one of the search engines to this page, be sure to back up and read the vast information about the virtual pet industry available from our Vitual Pet Home Page . [PAR] Several Tamagotchi news reports are reproduced below. [PAR] Reuters. 22 January 1997. \"Virtual Pet\" Craze Sweeps Japan [PAR] Washington Post Jan. 27, 1997. Virtual pet-raising games - Cheep thrills: Virtual chickens need care and attention or they'll croak . Note, a very similar Tamagotchi article ran in the Washington Post on Jan 15 1997 credited to the Washington Post Foreign Service and the same writer. [PAR] Pathfinder - Netlynewsnetwork March 21 1997. Bandai's Golden Egg [PAR] \"PA\" News Centre. Gadgets & Gizmo's Section. 11 April 1997 Tamagocchi article [PAR] Mad Dog syndicated column. At last the perfect pet this undated article was added to the list 18 April 1997 [PAR] K-B Toys Announces U.S. Sales of Tamagotchi to Begin May 1 [PAR] \"The Toy That Ate Tokyo Is Heading West\" Business Week 5 May 1997 page 6 [PAR] Toy Life Form Invades the U.S. New York Times 3 May 1997. [PAR] New York Times Tamagotchi Diary writer Joe Hutsko multi-part article about his daily interaction with his tamagotchi. Began 3 May 1997. [PAR] 7th Level/Bandai CD ROM-2: Features Expanded Animation AP-Dow Jones News Service 19 June 1997. Tamagotchi is coming to CD-Rom. [PAR] Pet Shop Toys Entertainment Weekly 20 June 1997 article features our web site. It also describes the sales battle between Giga Pets and Tamagotchi. [PAR] Tamagotchi Versions Page 14 August 1997 we added a page showing several of the many versions of the Tamagotchi. [PAR] AP-Dow Jones News Service 19 June 1997 [PAR] 7th Level/Bandai CD ROM-2: Features Expanded Animation [PAR] DALLAS -- 7th Level Inc. and Bandai Co.'s Bandai Digital Entertainment unit will create a CD-ROM for the hand-held Tamagotchi toy. [PAR] In a press release Wednesday, 7th Level said the CD-ROM will feature animation, story line and game options expanded from the Tamagotchi toy, in which a player raises a pet animal. [PAR] 7th Level creates interactive multimedia products. [PAR] Bandai Digital Entertainment produces interactive entertainment and educational multimedia products. [PAR] 7th Level Inc. (SEVL) said the CD-ROM of the Tamagotchi virtual pet toy, which it is developing with Bandai Co.'s Bandai Digital Entertainment unit, will be on store shelves in the U.S. no later than mid-November. [PAR] A company spokeswoman said the product will sell for $24.95. [PAR] A CD-ROM version of the toy is now available in Japan but the spokeswoman said Bandai believes it is 'not a good quality product and wants a more advanced, high quality computer game for the U.S. market.' [PAR] DALLAS (AP-Dow Jones)--7th Level Inc. and Bandai Co.'s Bandai Digital Entertainment unit will create a CD-ROM for the hand-held Tamagotchi toy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eusebio, the 'Black Panther' who lit up 1966 football ... Eusebio, the 'Black Panther' who lit up 1966 football World Cup \u2013 NDTV Sports [PAR] \u00a9 [PAR] Lisbon: [PAR] Known as the \"Black Panther\" or simply \"The King\", football legend Eusebio, who has died aged 71, reigned over Portuguese football in the 1960s, bringing glory to both his club Benfica and his country. [PAR] The top scorer in the 1966 World Cup and considered one of the best footballers of all time, Eusebio da Silva Ferreira died of cardio-pulmonary arrest early on Sunday morning. [PAR] \"Eusebio will always be eternal. Rest in peace,\" wrote Cristiano Ronaldo, the star of the Portuguese national team, in a message posted on his Facebook account alongside a photo of himself and Eusebio. [PAR] The top Portuguese footballer of all time Eusebio rivalled all-time greats including Brazilian Pele, Argentina's Alfredo Di Stefano and England's Bobby Charlton. [PAR] \"I was the best player in the world, top scorer in the world and Europe. I did everything, except win a World Cup,\" Eusebio said in a interview in 2011, recalling his tears after Portugal's loss in the 1966 World Cup semi-final to England. [PAR] From humble origins in the former Portuguese colony of Mozambique, Eusebio da Silva Ferreira was to emerge as one of the World Cup's most feared strikers, combining panther-like pace with a ferocious shooting ability. [PAR] Known throughout his career simply as Eusebio, the poor boy from Maputo became a legend for his exploits with Portugal and Lisbon giants Benfica during the 1960s. [PAR] Born in 1942, he rose to prominence in Mozambique football circles as a teenager through his performances for Sporting Lourenco Marques, a team with links to Sporting Lisbon. [PAR] With his exceptional technique, strength and goal-scoring record, it was not long before word of Eusebio's prowess soon filtered back to Portugal. In December 1960 he was offered trials with Sporting. [PAR] Although keen, Eusebio was not willing to risk leaving his beloved mother unless there was the firm promise of a contract. Sporting baulked, creating an opening for Benfica, who snapped up the youngster's signature. [PAR] A wrangle with Sporting Lourenco Marques over Eusebio's registration was finally settled, and in 1961 he made his debut for the club, scoring a hat-trick in a friendly. [PAR] Over the next five years, Eusebio developed as one of world football's best players. [PAR] In an early game for Benfica, he had outshone Pele in a friendly with Santos, and in 1962 he scored the crucial goals in a 5-3 victory over Real Madrid in the European Cup final. [PAR] When Madrid's legendary Hungarian Ferenc Puskas symbolically handed his jersey to Eusebio after the match, the message was clear - the torch had passed, and in 1965 Eusebio was named European Player of the Year. [PAR] 1966 World Cup exploits [PAR] But while Eusebio excelled with Benfica in Europe, it was his exploits at the 1966 World Cup for which he will be best remembered. [PAR] Eusebio's nine goals in England propelled Portugal to a third-place finish, and a succession of opposing teams simply had no answer to the power and pace of his play. [PAR] He scored twice in the 3-1 victory which sent holders Brazil out of the competition, showing great technique to lash home a spectacular volley for his second goal. [PAR] In the quarter-finals Eusebio was unstoppable, pulling off a one-man rescue act after Portugal went 3-0 down against North Korea after just 20 minutes. [PAR] The Koreans were blown away by a four-goal display from Eusebio as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Most Clutch Players in Soccer History - Bleacher Report Soccer's Clutchest Players of All Time | Bleacher Report [PAR] Soccer's Clutchest Players of All Time [PAR] By Thomas Cooper , Featured Columnist [PAR] Apr 22, 2011 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Mike Hewitt/Getty Images [PAR] 35 [PAR] Comments [PAR] 'Clutch' is a sports term many soccer fans outside of the U.S may not be familiar with. It's definition however, of an athlete delivering the goods in those moments when the clock is ticking and the pressure is high, very much is. [PAR] Soccer history is made up of such players. Those who consistently have been there when their team needed them most, to others whose clutch moments may have been confined to a tournament or single game but proved so valuable nonetheless. [PAR] In no particular order, representing club and country, here are the 50 most clutch players in soccer history. [PAR] Do you agree with the players that made the list? Are some not worthy of their inclusion or is there someone inexcusably missing out? [PAR] Steven Gerrard [PAR] Stu Forster/Getty Images [PAR] Steven Gerrard's scores a last-minute equaliser to take West Ham to extra-time in the 2006 FA Cup Final [PAR] It is intriguing to wonder how Liverpool Football Club would have fared over the past decade without Steven Gerrard, such has been the value of the contributions made by their skipper. [PAR] Gerrard has cemented his legendary status on Merseyside with an ever reliable consistency. The more he progressed as a player the more unquestionable a prospect a Liverpool team without him in it seemed. [PAR] The finest demonstration of the England international's clutch credentials came in one of Liverpool's finest campaigns, the 2004/05 season that saw them win a fifth European Cup. [PAR] Their success in the Champions League that season may not have come at all if not for Gerrard's stunning late winner against Olympiakos in the group stage saw them qualify from Group A in second place. [PAR] Gerrard's finest hour came in the final itself against AC Milan. Having gone 3-0 down in the first half the Liverpool captain pulled a goal back on 54 minutes and helped inspire a ten-minute spell that saw Liverpool bring it back to 3-3. Extra-time and penalties were eventually needed to win, but Gerrard deserved his man of the match award that night as he played a key role in salvaging what looked a lost cause. [PAR] It would not be the last time Gerrard helped stop silverware from slipping from his team's grasp. A year later in the FA Cup final against West Ham he scored a perfectly struck long-range effort to equalise and take the game to extra-time before his side once more won on penalties. [PAR] Getty Images/Getty Images [PAR] Paolo Rossi in action against Brazil at the 1982 World Cup [PAR] If ever a player was defined by their rise from zero to hero it was Paolo Rossi. [PAR] The Italian striker was banned in 1980 for his alleged involvement in the Totonero betting scandal. After it was overturned and national team manager Enzo Bearzot included him in his squad for the 1982 World Cup, an out of form and seemingly uninspired Rossi struggled to repay his coach's faith in the tournament's opening games. [PAR] After defeating Argentina 2-1 the Azzurri needed to beat what some argue was the second best Brazil side of all time, including such talents as Zico and Socrates, to progress from their second round Group C into the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FA Cup: 17 years since Ryan Giggs' semi-final magic - BBC ... FA Cup: 17 years since Ryan Giggs' semi-final magic - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport - FA Cup: 17 years since Ryan Giggs' semi-final magic [PAR] FA Cup: 17 years since magical Giggs goal [PAR] 14 Apr 2016 [PAR] From the section Football [PAR] It is 17 years to the day since Ryan Giggs scored a magical solo goal in an FA Cup semi-final replay against Arsenal at Villa Park in 1999. [PAR] Arsenal and Manchester United could not be separated when they met in the 1999 semi-final at Villa Park on 11 April as the Premier League's then top two played out a goalless draw. [PAR] But three days later the last-ever FA Cup semi-final replay would go down in history as a night of high drama. [PAR] Goals from David Beckham and Dennis Bergkamp either side of half-time had left the tie poised at 1-1. [PAR] Enter Ryan Giggs with 11 minutes remaining in extra time."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup Trivia - Participating as Player and as Coach World Cup Trivia - Participating as Player and as Coach [PAR] World Cup Trivia - Participating as Player and as Coach [PAR] All men played and coached the same country unless noted otherwise. [PAR] Participations Name Country as player as coach ======================================================================= Javier AGUIRRE Mexico 1986 2002/2010 Milorad ARSENIJEVIC Yugoslavia 1930 1950 Franz BECKENBAUER West Germany 1966/1970/1974 1986/1990 Orvar BERGMARK Sweden 1958 1970 William \"Billy\" BINGHAM North. Ireland 1958 1982/1986 Oleg BLOKHIN Ukraine 1982/1986 [1] 2006 Robert \"BOBBY\" ROBSON England 1958 1986/1990 Hristo BONEV Bulgaria 1970/1974 1998 Juan Antonio CAMACHO Spain 1982/1986 2002 Vladislao CAP Argentina 1962 1974 Fabio CAPELLO Italy 1974 2010 [2] Ra\ufffdl C\ufffdRDENAS Mexico 1954/1958/1962 1970 Paulo C\ufffdsar CARPEGGIANI Brazil 1974 1998 [3] CHA BUM-KUN South Korea 1986 1998 Jackie CHARLTON England 1966/1970 1990/1994 [4] Valdir Pereira \"DIDI\" Brazil 1954/1958/1962 1970 [5] Carlos Verri \"DUNGA\" Brazil 1990/1994/1998 2010 Giovanni FERRARI Italy 1934/1938 1962 Alfredo FONI Italy 1938 1966 [6] Aurelio GONZ\ufffdLEZ Paraguay 1930 1958 Alexandre GUIMAR\ufffdES Costa Rica 1990 2002/2006 Ernst HAPPEL Austria 1954/1958 1978 [7] Ricki HERBERT New Zealand 1982 2010 Josef HICKERSBERGER Austria 1978 1990 Glenn HODDLE England 1982/1986 1998 Jos\ufffd Eduardo HOHBERG Uruguay 1954 1970 HUH JONG-MOO South Korea 1986 2010 Pavel JANAS Poland 1982 2006 Henryk KASPERCZAK Poland 1974/1978 1998 [8] Srecko KATANEC Slovenia 1990 [9] 2002 KIM PYUNG-SUK South Korea 1986 1998 J\ufffdrgen KLINSMANN (West) Germany 1990/1994/1998 2006 Jakob \"K\ufffdbi\" KUHN Switzerland 1966 2006 Kamaeis LAABIDI Tunisia 1978 2002 Ricardo LAVOLPE Argentina 1978 2006 [10] Cesare MALDINI Italy 1962 1998/2002 [11] Diego MARADONA Argentina 1982/1986/1990/1994 2010 Mick McCARTHY Rep. of Ireland 1990 2002 Kalman MESZOLY Hungary 1962/1966 1982 Henri MICHEL France 1978 1986/1994/1998/2006 [12] Olle NORDIN Sweden 1978 1990 Morten OLSEN Denmark 1986 2002/2010 William Esplin ORMOND Scotland 1954 1974 Daniel PASSARELLA Argentina 1978/1982/1986 1998 Dimitar PENEV Bulgaria 1966/1970/1974 1994 Ilija PETKOVIC Serbia & Mont. 1974 [9] 2006 Herbert PROHASKA Austria 1978/1982 1998 Alfred \"Alf\" RAMSEY England 1950 1966/1970 Cayetano RE Paraguay 1958 1986 Fernando RIERA Chile 1950 1962 Jos\ufffd Antonio ROCA Mexico 1950 1978 Maur\ufffdcio RODRIGUEZ El Salvador 1970 1982 Jos\ufffd Em\ufffdlio SANTAMAR\ufffdA Uruguay 1954/1962 [13] 1982 [14] Helmut SENEKOWITSCH Austria 1958 1978 Jorge SOLARI Argentina 1966 1994 [15] Guillermo ST\ufffdBILE Argentina 1930 1958 Luis \"Luisito\" SU\ufffdREZ Spain 1962/1966 1990 Tommy SVENSSON Sweden 1970 1994 Elba P\ufffddua Lima \"TIM\" Brazil 1938 1982 [5] Aleksandar TIRNANIC Yugoslavia 1930 1954/1958 Jos\ufffd TORRES Portugal 1966 1986 Giovanni TRAPATTONI Italy 1962 2002 Marco VAN BASTEN Netherlands 1990 2006 Paul VAN HIMST Belgium 1970 1994 Jean VINCENT France 1954/1958 1982 [16] Rudolf \"Rudi\" V\ufffdELLER (West) Germany 1986/1990/1994 2002 Hans-Hubert VOGTS (West) Germany 1970/1974/1978 1994/1998 Ivan VUTZOV Bulgaria 1966 1986 Vladimir WEISS Slovakia 1990 [17] 2010 M\ufffdrio Jorge ZAGALLO Brazil 1958/1962 1970/1974/1998 Arthur Coimbra \"ZICO\" Brazil 1978/1982/1986 2006 [18] [PAR] [1] played by USSR [2] coaching England [3] coaching Paraguay [4] coaching Rep. of Ireland in 1990 and 1994 [5] coaching Peru [6] coaching Switzerland [7] coaching Netherlands [8] coaching Tunisia [9] played by Yugoslavia [10] coaching Mexico [11] coaching Paraguay in 2002 [12] coaching Cameroon in 1994, Morocco in 1998 and Ivory Coast in 2006 [13] played by Spain in 1962 [14] coaching Spain [15] coaching Saudi Arabia [16] coaching Cameroon [17] played by Czechoslovakia [18] coaching Japan [PAR] The champions: [PAR] Jackie Charlton (1966), Didi (1958/1962), Giovanni Ferrari (1934/1938), Alfredo Foni (1938), J\ufffdrgen Klinsmann (1990), Ricardo Lavolpe (1978), Diego Maradona (1986), Daniel Passarella (1978/1986), Rudi V\ufffdeller (1990) and Berti Vogts (1974) won World Cups only as players. [PAR] Alf Ramsey (1966) won the World Cup as coach. [PAR] Franz Beckenbauer (1974 as player"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How English football came to love and curse the red card ... How English football came to love and curse the red card - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] How English football came to love and curse the red card [PAR] By Martin Winch BBC News [PAR] 10 August 2013 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Red cards were first introduced to the global game in 1970 [PAR] When Saturday comes, it brings with it goals, shock results and a sprinkling of the dreaded yellow and red cards. [PAR] But while the goals and upsets have been occurring in the Football League for 125 years , the same cannot be said for the handing out of cards. [PAR] They made their debut in the English game in 1976, and the first player to receive a red one was Blackburn Rovers winger Dave Wagstaffe. [PAR] The former Wolves midfielder, who died this week aged 70, was given his marching orders in a Division Two match at Leyton Orient on 2 October. Later that afternoon a certain George Best also saw red playing for Fulham at Southampton in the same division. [PAR] But where did the idea for the cards come from? [PAR] Traffic lights [PAR] The cards were shown after the Football League voluntarily adopted a system introduced to the game in the 1970 World Cup. [PAR] David Barber, from the Football Association, said the idea is credited to English referee Ken Aston from Ilford, London. [PAR] Image caption Winger Dave Wagstaffe left Wolves in 1976 for Blackburn Rovers [PAR] Mr Barber said: \"He refereed the 1963 FA Cup Final and was in charge of the referees at the '66 World Cup, during which there was confusion over [Argentina's] Antonio Rattin's dismissal against England. [PAR] \"Had he actually been sent off?\" [PAR] The player had indeed been given his marching orders, for reasons that were about as unclear as the indication of the dismissal itself. [PAR] Mr Aston had to help persuade Argentina's captain to leave the field of play. [PAR] It was while the referee was driving along Kensington High Street that he had the idea of introducing yellow and red cards in a bid to overcome language barriers and give a clear indication to players and supporters alike. [PAR] He was stopped at traffic lights when it dawned on him that yellow could be for a caution, a warning to a player to take it easy. And red would simply mean stop - your game is over. [PAR] The card system was trialled at the 1970 World Cup in Mexico and they were introduced into European club games at some point afterwards. [PAR] Football violence [PAR] Some six years later they made their way into the English game where they were used in the domestic game for less than five years initially. [PAR] Tony Brown, from SoccerData, explained why two red cards were shown on the day they were introduced. [PAR] \"Wagstaffe was the first to receive a red, for arguing with the ref [after 36 mins],\" Mr Brown said. [PAR] \"George Best received a red for foul language in the 67th minute.\" [PAR] Image caption The inspiration for the cards came from colours of the traffic light [PAR] He added: \"In 1980, there was concern over violence on and off the pitch. [PAR] \"The FA, not the League, thought that 'demonstrative referees' were part of the problem, and decided to do away with red cards.\" [PAR] The decision was ratified by the FA Council in January 1981 and two of the last red cards,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Horror Films - The Best Movies in Cinematic History Horror Films [PAR] HORROR FILMS [PAR] Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Examples [PAR] Horror Films are unsettling films designed to frighten and panic, cause dread and alarm, and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience. Horror films effectively center on the dark side of life, the forbidden, and strange and alarming events. They deal with our most primal nature and its fears: our nightmares, our vulnerability, our alienation, our revulsions, our terror of the unknown, our fear of death and dismemberment, loss of identity, or fear of sexuality. [PAR] Whatever dark, primitive, and revolting traits that simultaneously attract and repel us are featured in the horror genre. Horror films are often combined with science fiction when the menace or monster is related to a corruption of technology, or when Earth is threatened by aliens. The fantasy and supernatural film genres are not synonymous with the horror genre, although thriller films may have some relation when they focus on the revolting and horrible acts of the killer/madman. Horror films are also known as chillers, scary movies, spookfests, and the macabre. See also Scariest Film Moments and Scenes (illustrated) - from many of the Greatest Horror Films ever made, Best Film Death Scenes (illustrated), and Three Great Horror Film Franchises . [PAR] Introduction to Horror Films Genre: [PAR] Horror films go back as far as the onset of films themselves, over a 100 years ago. From our earliest days, we use our vivid imaginations to see ghosts in shadowy shapes, to be emotionally connected to the unknown and to fear things that are improbable. Watching a horror film gives an opening into that scary world, into an outlet for the essence of fear itself, without actually being in danger. Weird as it sounds, there's a very real thrill and fun factor in being scared or watching disturbing, horrific images. [PAR] Horror films, when done well and with less reliance on horrifying special effects, can be extremely potent film forms, tapping into our dream states and the horror of the irrational and unknown, and the horror within man himself. (The best horror films only imply or suggest the horror in subtle ways, rather than blatantly displaying it, i.e., Val Lewton's horror films.) In horror films, the irrational forces of chaos or horror invariably need to be defeated, and often these films end with a return to normalcy and victory over the monstrous. [PAR] Of necessity, the earliest horror films were Gothic in style - meaning that they were usually set in spooky old mansions, castles, or fog-shrouded, dark and shadowy locales. Their main characters have included \"unknown,\" human, supernatural or grotesque creatures, ranging from vampires, demented madmen, devils, unfriendly ghosts, monsters, mad scientists, \"Frankensteins,\" \"Jekyll/Hyde\" dualities (good against evil), demons, zombies, evil spirits, arch fiends, Satanic villains, the \"possessed,\" werewolves and freaks to even the unseen, diabolical presence of evil. [PAR] Horror films developed out of a number of sources: folktales with devil characters, witchcraft, fables, myths, ghost stories, Grand Guignol melodramas, and Gothic or Victorian novels from Europe by way of Mary Shelley, Victor Hugo or Irish writer Bram Stoker, and American writers Robert Louis Stevenson and Edgar Allan Poe. Oscar Wilde's 1890 Faustian tale The Picture of Dorian Gray and H.G. Wells' 1896 story of The Island of Dr. Moreau were adapted into early film versions. In many ways, the expressionistic German silent cinema led"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was the first person pictured on a British postage ... Who was the first person pictured on a British postage stamp? | Reference.com [PAR] Who was the first person pictured on a British postage stamp? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The first British postal stamp featured the image of Queen Victoria, and it was issued in 1840. The stamp was known as the Penny Black because of its cost and color. It is believed to be the first adhesive postal stamp released. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Following in the footsteps of the Penny Black, all postal stamps from 1840 in the United Kingdom featured an image of the sitting monarch at the time of release. In the 1960s, Royal Mail recognized the potential for generating additional revenue by releasing specialty stamps with other images. As of 2014, both stamp varieties are sold in postal offices across the country.[DOC] [TLE] The first postage stamp | History of postal stamps | Penny ... The first postage stamp | History of postal stamps | Penny Black stamp [PAR] The first postage stamp [PAR] The first postage stamp [PAR] The history of first adhesive postage stamp [PAR] Knowing the postal services history is the best weapon in collecting stamps. Stamps are elements used since writing evolved. Postage stamp is important to be able to transport mails from one place to other. [PAR] What are postal stamps? [PAR] Postal stamps are small gummed label issued by postal authorities. It is affixed to an envelope, postcard, or package as evidence that postal charges have been paid. It is the most popular way of paying retail mails and postal stationery. This small rectangular adhesive paper signifies that the person sending has fully paid or partly for delivery. [PAR] History of Adhesive postage stamp [PAR] On August 22 1839, the British Treasury planned to implement an affordable postal service as proposed by reformer Rowland Hill (1795- 1874). In order to have various stamp designs to choose from, they announced a competition for designs and suggestions as to how Penny postage might look like. [PAR] The champion received \u00a3200 while the runner up received \u00a3100. There were 2,700 entries that joined the competition. But none of the winning entries was actually used. [PAR] The Penny Black stamp design, depicting the bust of Queen Victoria, was submitted by Sir George Mackenzie of Coul, Ross-shire and finally approved in the Royal Collection at Buckingham Palace. [PAR] The first stamp was put on sale on May 1, 1840 and was valid from May 6, 1840. Two days later the Two Pence Blue came. Both show a portrait of young Queen Victoria. At that time, The United Kingdom's name was not inscribed on the stamp. United Kingdom remained the only country not to inscribe its name on the stamp because the monarch\u2019s head was used as identification. [PAR] On January 1854, stamps were officially perforated by Mr. Archer and issued at the House of Commons. Mr. Archer was paid \u00a34,000 for the patent. [PAR] On the other hand, Canton of Zurich in Switzerland made their stamps on March 1, 1843. They issued Zurich 4 and 6 rappen. Brazil issued the Bull's Eye stamps on August 1, 1843. [PAR] They used the same printer as of Penny Black but choose an abstract design instead for the portrait of Emperor Pedro ll so that his figure would not be disfigured as for the postmark. [PAR] Some postmasters in the United States of America issued their own stamps in 1845. But the first United States official postage stamp came in 1847, with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kate Bush Queen Of British Pop - YouTube Kate Bush Queen Of British Pop - YouTube [PAR] Kate Bush Queen Of British Pop [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 10, 2011 [PAR] Ten minute 2009 documentary that does just what it says on the tin! Kate Bush (born Catherine Bush 30 July 1958) is an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. Her eclectic musical style and idiosyncratic vocal style have made her one of the United Kingdom's most successful solo female performers of the past 30 years. Bush was signed by EMI at the age of 16 after being recommended by Pink Floyd's David Gilmour. In 1978, at age 19, she topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks with her debut single \"Wuthering Heights\", becoming the first woman to have a UK number-one with a self-written song. [PAR] After her 1979 tour \u2014 the only concert tour of her career \u2014 Kate released the 1980 album Never for Ever, which made her the first British solo female artist to top the UK album charts and the first female artist ever to enter the album chart at No. 1. In 1987, she won a BRIT Award for Best British Female Solo Artist. In 2002, Kate's songwriting ability was recognised with an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. In 2005, she released Aerial, her first album in 12 years. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The day Trevor Francis broke football's \u00a31m mark - Telegraph The day Trevor Francis broke football's \u00a31m mark - Telegraph [PAR] Nottingham Forest [PAR] The day Trevor Francis broke football's \u00a31m mark [PAR] A million-pound fee for a footballer is not much of a story these days. Premier League clubs made 26 such signings in the January transfer window alone. [PAR] Marked man: Trevor Francis with his wife, Helen, and Nottingham Forest manager Brian Clough at the City Ground after becoming Britain's most expensive player Photo: PA [PAR] By Simon Briggs [PAR] 7:30AM GMT 09 Feb 2009 [PAR] But when Trevor Francis became the first British player to break the seven-figure barrier, 30 years ago on Monday, it felt like the sporting equivalent of putting a man on the Moon. Nottingham Forest supplied the payment to Birmingham City. [PAR] Their initial outlay of \u00a3950,000 spiralled to \u00a31.18 million with the addition of VAT and other sundries, though Brian Clough always claimed that the real figure was \u00a3999,999, out of concern for his new signing's state of mind. [PAR] He was right to be worried: Francis is still remembered as the man who went for a million, yet never quite lived up to his billing. [PAR] Technically, the deal was not a world record. Two Italian strikers \u2013 Giuseppe Savoldi and Paolo Rossi \u2013 had already cleared the two billion lire mark, which equated to well in excess of \u00a31 million. [PAR] But Serie A was not then so well known in Britain as it is today, and the reporters who gathered around the signing ceremony on Feb 9, 1979, had a breathless sense of history in the making. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Delivering the goods [PAR] 08 Feb 2009 [PAR] Clough, typically, put his own spin on events. He turned up in a bright red sports jacket, and with a squash racket in his hand, as if to suggest that his social life was far more important than this minor business formality. [PAR] His comments were perfunctory, and not especially complimentary, in true 'Ol' Big 'Ead' fashion. Before Francis's debut, Clough instructed him to \"just give the ball to John Robertson \u2013 he's a better player than you\". [PAR] Francis, not surprisingly, felt bemused by his lukewarm welcome. \"When I signed for Forest, they said provocatively to the press that they thought I had great potential!\" he would recall. [PAR] \"And they had just paid a million for me. I thought to myself, well, what can they get out of me that no one else has got?\" [PAR] The question was never fully answered. Francis went some way towards repaying Forest's investment when he broke through Malmo's tenacious defence with a diving header to win the 1979 European Cup final. [PAR] But Clough and his assistant Peter Taylor could never quite agree where Francis should play: up front with his back to goal, or breaking forward from the right side of midfield. In the end, the million-pound misfit was shuffled on to Manchester City for another hefty sum. [PAR] Francis was not alone in labouring under the weight of his giant price-tag, as the accompanying list should make clear. Those whom the gods wish to destroy, they sell for a record transfer fee. [PAR] Take Ian Rush's \u00a33.2 million move to Juventus in 1987, which lasted just over a year, and spawned the deathless quote \"It was like living in a foreign country.\" [PAR] Rush was thrown off balance by the warm embraces of the Juventus fans, and the equally intimate attentions of the local defenders. He suffered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 478 out of 708 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Burton does it again ! [PAR] from Belgium [PAR] 5 July 2005 [PAR] I have seen Charlie & The Chocolate Factory last night and though I usually don't care very much in giving my opinion, the journey M. Burton and his team made me cross deserves an homage. Especially with all that criticism rising around the film before it has been released. [PAR] I have been a Tim Burton fan for more than a decade now; I grew up with his films. But what I have been through yesterday his really unique. I actually never thought he would offer us such a film one day. Fans of his first period, with all the lonely and desperate characters won't like it for sure. Since Mars Attacks !, and more specifically since Big Fish, Burton decided to tell things differently. His vision of the world slightly changed in every of his films : now, the rejected freak comes down to the world and stays. A world that remains frightening and weird even thought we call it \"reality\" but a world worth living in. And that's what Charlie & The Chocolate Factory is all about It all begins with a main title sequence that may be one of the main weaknesses of the film. The sequence is very entertaining and visually ambitious but they decided to go with CGI and it looks like it was a decision they made in last minute. Since the film was proudly made with \"real\" sets, \"real\" Oompas Loompas, \"real\" squirrels, the main title looks inappropriate. It's not that important but it's a Tim Burton film and we know how much he usually works on his main title. Hopefully, Danny Elfman is there with a crazy mix of the Edward Scissorhands and Spider-Man (the music when the title of the film appears gave me shivers), a true musical roller-coaster that gives a hint on what his score will sound like through the film. [PAR] After that, it's just emotions. All kinds of them: laughs (many \u0096 the audience laughed almost every thirty seconds), tears of joy (we all know Charlie's gonna find that ticket but when he does, you just can't refrain your heart to beat faster), mercy (the way Burton depicts the social misery of the Bucket's family is really touching), amazement (the Wonka Factory and its many rooms is true wonder, one the most achieved design Burton ever offered us) and many mores. Very much like the book, even though it seems simple and childish, you would like to stop for a second to collect those feelings and try to analyze them but you don't have the time. It just never stops (I realize it might be a flaw for some people in fact). Burton never has been so generous in terms of human warmness. [PAR] Johnny Depp proposes another inventive and completely wacky interpretation here. I won't compare with Gene Wilder since I don't know the first film very well (pretty unknown flick here in Europe) and those comparisons should stop anyway. Depp makes of Wonka a tormented and unadapted character who doesn't know much about common courtesy and doesn't really care anyway. He built up his own universe in response to his authoritarian father and he's pretty proud of it. He just doesn't want those \"weird\" (a word he likes \u0096 you've all seen the TV spots) and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the only bird that can swim but not fly ... What is the only bird that can swim but not fly? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the only bird that can swim but not fly? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The penguin is the only bird that can swim but not fly. These aquatic birds possess flipper-like wings and can spend as much as three-quarters of their lives in the sea. Penguins are almost exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere, ranging from northwestern South America to coastal Antarctica.[DOC] [TLE] 8 Birds That Can\u2019t Fly | Britannica.com 8 Birds That Can\u2019t Fly | Britannica.com [PAR] 8 Birds That Can\u2019t Fly [PAR] Editor Picks: Exploring 10 Types of Basketball Movies [PAR] \u00a9 Photodisc/Thinkstock [PAR] Have you ever wished you were an eagle, soaring high above the prairie? How about the mythical phoenix, rising from the ashes? For centuries people have wistfully watched birds take wing and felt a bit jealous. But what about birds that don\u2019t fly? You\u2019d think they\u2019d hold a grudge against their freewheeling cousins, but these guys are just as awesome in their own right. These eight birds can\u2019t fly, but you should probably envy them anyway. [PAR] 8Penguin [PAR] Daisy Gilardini\u2014The Image Bank/Getty Images [PAR] No list of flightless birds would be complete without the penguin. All 18 species of penguin are unable to fly, and are in fact better built for swimming and diving, which they spend the majority of their time doing. Their short legs and stocky build give them a distinctive waddling walk. While people tend to associate penguins with Antarctica, most species live in higher latitudes. A few even live in temperate climates, and the Galapagos penguin actually lives at the Equator. These birds are also remarkably romantic\u2014penguins are largely monogamous and seek out the same mates each season, even among the hundreds or even thousands of birds that might live in their colony. [PAR] 7Steamer duck [PAR] \u00a9 Leksele/Shutterstock.com [PAR] Three out of four species of steamer duck are flightless, but four out of four species should not be messed with. Even within the flighted species, some males are too heavy to actually achieve liftoff. These South American ducks earned their name by running across water and thrashing their wings like the wheels on a steamboat. They use them for other forms of thrashing, too. Famously aggressive, steamer ducks are known to engage in epic, bloody battles with each other over territory disputes. They have even been known to kill waterbirds several times their size. [PAR] 6Weka [PAR] The weka is another bird of New Zealand. This brown, chicken-sized bird was an important resource for native New Zealanders and European settlers, but is now decreasing in number. While they may look unremarkable, weka have a loud call that males and females sing as a duet. They\u2019re also known as clever thieves and will steal food and small objects to their liking and make off with them. Weka are skilled swimmers, too. [PAR] 5Ostrich [PAR] Manoj Shah\u2014Stone/Getty Images [PAR] The mighty ostrich is truly the king of birds. The largest living bird, ostriches can grow up to 9 feet tall and weigh more than 300 pounds. Their eggs, fittingly, are also the world\u2019s largest\u2014about 5 inches in diameter and 3 pounds in weight. Their powerful legs can kick in defense, and they can run at speeds up to 45 miles per hour across the open lands of Africa, where they live. And if that\u2019s not enough, they have long, luxurious eyelashes, to boot. [PAR] 4Kiwi [PAR] \u00a9 Oliver Strewe\u2014Lonely"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sean Connery - Biography - IMDb Sean Connery - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Sean Connery [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 227 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (7) | Trivia (133) | Personal Quotes (62) | Salary (18) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Sean Connery is best known for portraying the character James Bond, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983. In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Untouchables (1987). His film career also includes such films as Marnie (1964), The Name of the Rose (1986), The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), The Hunt for Red October (1990), Highlander (1986), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), DragonHeart (1996) and The Rock (1996). Connery has been polled as \"The Greatest Living Scot\" and \"Scotland's Greatest Living National Treasure\". In 1989, he was proclaimed \"Sexiest Man Alive\" by People magazine, and in 1999, at age 69, he was voted \"Sexiest Man of the Century\". [PAR] Thomas Sean Connery was born on August 25, 1930 in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland. His mother, Euphemia McBain (n\u00e9e McLean), was a cleaning lady, and his father, Joseph Connery, was a factory worker and truck driver. He has a brother, Neil Connery , who works as a plasterer in Edinburgh. He is of Irish and Scottish descent. Before going into acting, Sean had many different jobs, such as a milkman, lorry driver, a laborer, artist's model for the Edinburgh College of Art, coffin polisher and bodybuilder. He also joined the Royal Navy, but was later discharged because of medical problems. At the age of 23, he had a choice between becoming a professional footballer or an actor, and even though he showed much promise in the sport, he chose acting and said it was one of his more intelligent moves. [PAR] Powerful deep voice with Scottish accent [PAR] Best known for playing James Bond [PAR] Frequently plays tough, cunning heroes [PAR] Often plays mentors in the latter half of his career [PAR] Grey beard or moustache (in later years) [PAR] Thick, dark eyebrows [PAR] Pronounces 's' as \"shh\" [PAR] Trivia (133) [PAR] Was offered the role of Robert Elliott by Brian De Palma in Dressed to Kill (1980) and was enthusiastic about it, but declined on account of previously acquired commitments. [PAR] Ranked #14 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. [October 1997] [PAR] In 1953, he entered the Mr. Universe contest, finishing third in the tall man's division. [PAR] He was voted People magazine's \"Sexiest Man Alive\" in 1989. [PAR] Father of Jason Connery . [PAR] Wore a toupee in all the James Bond movies. He started losing his hair at the age of 17, and began wearing a hairpiece in films in 1958. Privately and in most of his post-Bond movies he did not wear a toupee. [PAR] He has two small tattoos on his right arm. One says \"Scotland forever\", the other \"Mum and Dad.\" He got them when he enlisted in the Royal Navy at the age of 16. [PAR] Took dancing lessons for 11 years. His teacher was the Swedish dancer Yat Malmgren. [PAR] Had radiation therapy for an undisclosed throat ailment in 1993. In a February 1995 interview with Entertainment Weekly, Connery said the treatment had been to remove benign tumors from his vocal chords after he found himself losing his voice while filming Rising Sun (1993). [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Hitchcock Geek: Alfred Hitchcock's Most Wanted ... Alfred Hitchcock Geek: Alfred Hitchcock's Most Wanted Actresses [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock's Most Wanted Actresses [PAR] It was probably no surprise to Patricia Hitchcock that she was one of her father's most favored actresses. [PAR] Like many good directors, Alfred Hitchcock tended to work with the same people \u2013 on screen and off. Among the male actors he preferred, such as Cary Grant and James Stewart (four films each) and Norman Lloyd (three films, several Alfred Hitchcock Presents episodes and associate producer and director credits on the TV show as well), there is one who appeared more frequently than any other: Leo G. Carroll (six films). Many Hitchcock geeks and scholars know that one. But which female actor appears in more Hitchcock films? [PAR] That answer is a bit dicier because it can change, depending on how you look at it. If you count TV appearances, his daughter Patricia Hitchcock takes the cake, with three movie credits and 10 roles in Alfred Hitchcock Presents. But let's stick to the movies. [PAR] My answer is Clare Greet, who had speaking roles in a total of eight Hitchcock films (Number 13 (1922), The Ring (1927), The Manxman (1929), Murder! (1930), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), Sabotage (1936) and Jamaica Inn (1939), plus Lord Camber's Ladies (produced by Hitch, 1932). [PAR] Clare Greet helped Hitch out and he never forgot it. [PAR] In Number Thirteen, her first film with Hitchcock, Greet had been awarded the starring role. His uncle, John Hitchcock, had invested in the movie and when that money ran out, Greet kicked in more funds. Unfortunately, it wasn't enough. Filming was brought to a halt and both of those individuals lost their investment. Humiliated, Hitch took that lesson to heart and he tried never to lose an investor's money again, earning a reputation for shooting his films on or under schedule and budget and aiming for commercial success \u2013 which he usually got. Hitch never forgot Greet's generosity and the belief in his talents that it implied and he repaid the favor by offering her more acting roles in his films than anyone else. [PAR] As an extra, Bess Flowers usually played what Sinatra would have a called a \u201cclassy broad.\u201d [PAR] That said, there's another woman who could also contend for that top spot. \u201cQueen of the Hollywood Extras,\u201d Bess Flowers, appeared in over 700 movies in her career as an uncredited, usually non-speaking, walk-on. She can be spotted in seven Hitchcock films: (Mr. and Mrs. Smith (1941) as nightclub extra, Notorious (1946) as a party guest, Dial M for Murder (1954) as a woman departing the ship, Rear Window (1954) as a guest with a poodle at the songwriter's party, To Catch a Thief (1955) as a guest at the costume ball, The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) as an attendee at the Royal Albert Hall concert, and Vertigo (1958) as a diner at Ernie's) and one episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents (\u201cThe Legacy\u201d (1956) as a diner at the hotel restaurant). [PAR] Finally, we shouldn't forget (though at this point it could be an uphill battle) Hannah Jones, who appeared in six of Hitchcock's early films: Downhill (1927), Champagne (1928), Blackmail (1929), Elstree Calling (1930), Murder! (1930) and Rich and Strange (1931). She missed the number one spot by one film, but in case the name comes up on Jeopardy, there you go."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Internet Anagram Server : Anagrams by Pinchas Aronas Internet Anagram Server : Anagrams by Pinchas Aronas [PAR] The cougar = or Huge cat [PAR] Alibi = I bail [PAR] Oscar statue = To ace US star [PAR] Spermicide = I crimp seed [PAR] The Titanic disaster = Death, it starts in ice [PAR] Egalitarian = Anti-regalia [PAR] Singer Maria Callas = All screaming arias [PAR] The Cuban cigars = Thus, a big cancer [PAR] Claustrophobia = Car, ship, loo - tabu [PAR] Painter Fernand Leger = Prefer 'Engine Land' art [PAR] Sir Stanley Matthews = Means star with style [PAR] Crime novelist = Trims violence [PAR] Diego Maradona = An arm? Good idea! [PAR] The pornographic websites = It's her boring peep show act [PAR] Last wish = This's law = With lass [PAR] Fashion designer = Fine rig and shoes = Oh, gain fine dress! [PAR] The astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus = Space motion: our Earth circles Sun, no? = Space's our home. I learn construction. [PAR] The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot = New chemists often active out there, in Zion = A home of true Zetetics & new inventions itch [PAR] [Zetetic - a seeker] [PAR] The famous American actor Charlie Chaplin = On air, the small chap of true archaic cinema [PAR] Olympiad = I do my lap [PAR] Actor Sylvester Stallone = Very cool talentless star [PAR] God is everywhere = WORD giver, he eyes! [PAR] Great city of London = Root city of England = No clarity, fog noted [PAR] 'Aerosmith' = More A hits [PAR] Certainly not = Can't rely on it [PAR] Chairman Gates = A magnate's rich [PAR] Charles Darwin's theory of evolution = Soul of vital, narrow, chosen heredity [PAR] Miss Serena Williams = Win slam, smile arises [PAR] The video camera = A home art device [PAR] Actor Sidney Poitier = One Oscar. 'Pity, I tried!' [PAR] The Costa Brava region of Spain = Anchoring of private sea-boats [PAR] Generalissimo = Legions, armies [PAR] Bermuda triangle = Mirage & brutal end [PAR] Parodist = I do parts [PAR] Sir Lancelot and Guinevere = Intrigues can end real love [PAR] Spanish senorita = She's not Parisian [PAR] The group 'Guns'n'Roses' = Ogre runs up the songs [PAR] Hebrew University of Jerusalem = Sure, our very able Jewish men fit [PAR] Great Leonardo da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa' = or Versed Italian man's 'La Gioconda' = 'La Gioconda'. As normal, rates -DIVINE = One arrant diva's smile - 'La Gioconda' [PAR] William Westmoreland = Well, solid wartime man = I will lead war moments [PAR] To cast pearls before swine = Can refer to possible waste [PAR] Singer Billy Ocean = Really sonic being [PAR] Painter Michelangelo Buonarroti = Heart into marble or upon a ceiling [PAR] Carte blanche = Cancel the bar [PAR] The aftermath of Katrina = Take that hat off, mariner [PAR] The Gambino family = Might be Mafia only [PAR] ...and they lived happily ever after = Delivered that very happy finale [PAR] Arctic expedition = An exotic iced trip [PAR] Michel Salgado = He'd claim goals [PAR] Actor Robin Williams = Clown or a bit similar [PAR] Motion picture 'A beautiful mind' = Delirium but a fine computation [PAR] Greenwich station = Whence I got trains [PAR] Confessional = On scale of sin [PAR] French composer Claude Achille Debussy = A bunch of classic cheery model preludes [PAR] Actress Maria Schneider = Dame is a rich screen star [PAR] The French riots = Torch, then fires [PAR] Riots in French capital = Conflict in Paris heart"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 69 Best British Drama Films Of All Time - Britflicks 69 Must-See British Films [PAR] 69 Must-See British Films [PAR] [PAR] 69 British Films you must see before you die! [PAR] Compiling any film related list is never an exact science and no doubt to some we\u2019ve left out some real stonkers! But as always it\u2019s all about opinions and we\u2019d love to hear yours. If you want to tell us your best British drama films email us at contacts@britflicks.com [PAR] Out of the 69 British drama films the top director with four entries is David Lean and if we had been able to include Dr Zhivago as a British film production he would have had five entries. Runners-up with 3 entries a piece are Ken Loach and the legendry Stanley Kubrick, followed by Steve McQueen, Shane Meadows, Neil Jordan, Mike Leigh, Michael Powell, Lynne Ramsay, Danny Boyle, Carol Reed, Anthony Minghella, John Boorman and Andrea Arnold all with two entries respectively. [PAR] All 69 British drama films add up to a total of 8148 minutes or 5 days, 15 Hours and 47 minutes of footage, giving an average film length of 118 minutes. The longest being Lawrence of Arabia at a whopping 216 minutes, leaving David Lean\u2019s 86 minute romance a real \u2018Brief Encounter\u2019. [PAR] 69) Red Road (2006) dr. Andrea Arnold 113mins Cert 18 [PAR] Jackie (Katie Dickie) works as a CCTV operator in Glasgow. Each day she watches over a small part of the world, protecting the people living their lives under her gaze. One day a man appears on her monitor, whom she thought she would never see again, whom she never wanted to see again. Now that she has no choice, she is compelled to confront him. [PAR] A deeply heartfelt British film that deservedly garnered Arnold the Prix du Jury prize at Cannes, Red Road is a raw but beautifully observed account of tragedy, grief and atonement. [PAR] [PAR] 68) The Flying Scotsman (2006) dr. Douglas Mackinnon 96mins Cert PG [PAR] Based on a remarkable true story, THE FLYING SCOTSMAN is an out-and-out inspirational, against-all-odds, crowd pleasing British film, which follows the turbulent life of cyclist Graeme Obree, who broke the World One Hour record on a bike of his own revolutionary design, constructed out of scrap metal... [PAR] [PAR] Determined to have a normal family life once his mother gets out of prison, a Scottish teenager from a tough background sets out to raise the money for a home. [PAR] [PAR] 66) Ratcatcher (1999) dr. Lynne Ramsay 94mins Cert 15 [PAR] Set in Glasgow during the mid 70s, Ratcatcher is seen through the eyes of twelve-year-old James Gillespie (William Eadie), a young boy haunted by a secret. Feeling increasingly distant from his family, his only escape comes with the discovery of a new housing development on the outskirts of town where he has the freedom to lose himself in his own world. [PAR] [PAR] 65) Tryannosaur (2011) dr. Paddy Considine 92mins Cert 18 [PAR] It follows the story of two lonely, damaged people brought together by circumstance. Joseph (Peter Mullan, WAR HORSE, NEDS) is an unemployed widower, drinker, and a man crippled by his own volatile temperament and furious anger. Hannah (Olivia Colman, HOT FUZZ, PEEP SHOW) is a Christian worker at a charity shop, a respectable woman who appears wholesome and happy. When the pair are brought together, Hannah appears as Joseph\u2019s potential saviour, someone who can temper his fury and offer him warmth, kindness and acceptance.As their story develops Hannah\u2019s own secrets are revealed \u2014 her relationship with husband"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scarface (1983) - IMDb Scarface (1983) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 16 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 17 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 16 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 31 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Scarface \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Golden Globes. Another 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] The aging patriarch of an organized crime dynasty transfers control of his clandestine empire to his reluctant son. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] The early life and career of Vito Corleone in 1920s New York is portrayed while his son, Michael, expands and tightens his grip on the family crime syndicate. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] Unscrupulous boxing promoters, violent bookmakers, a Russian gangster, incompetent amateur robbers, and supposedly Jewish jewelers fight to track down a priceless stolen diamond. [PAR] Director: Guy Ritchie [PAR] A former neo-nazi skinhead tries to prevent his younger brother from going down the same wrong path that he did. [PAR] Director: Tony Kaye [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. [PAR] Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth [PAR] Stars:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate ... 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate? - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate? [PAR] 2. Who had a number one hit in 1974 called Billy Don't Be A Hero? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Who had a number one hit in 1974 called Billy Don't Be A Hero? [PAR] 3. In 2003, the American Film Institute compiled a list of the top 50 movie villains \u2013 which character from a 1991 film was voted number one? [PAR] 4. Which fictional hero, created by Baroness Orczy, takes his name from the small red flower with which he signs his messages? [PAR] 5. Who played Hans Gruber in the film Die Hard? [PAR] 6. What is the minimum number of darts a person needs to throw to complete a leg from 501? [PAR] 7. Which was the first British football team to win the European Cup? [PAR] 8. How many players make up a netball team? [PAR] 9. In the Olympic Games, what five sports make up the modern pentathlon? [PAR] 10. What is the maximum no of match points that can be held at one time in a tennis match at Wimbledon? [PAR] 1. Chicago; 2. Paper Lace; 3. Hannibal Lecter; 4. The Scarlet Pimpernel; 5. Alan Rickman; 6. 9; 7. Celtic; 8. 7; 9. Running, fencing, swimming, horse riding and shooting; 10. 6 (when leading 6-0 in a tie-break) [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paper Lace - Billy don't be a Hero 1974 - YouTube Paper Lace - Billy don't be a Hero 1974 - YouTube [PAR] Paper Lace - Billy don't be a Hero 1974 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 21, 2009 [PAR] Paper Lace - Billy don't be a Hero 1974 [PAR] The marchin' band came down along Main Street [PAR] The soldier-blues fell in behind [PAR] I looked across and there I saw Billy [PAR] Waiting to go and join the line [PAR] And with her head upon his shoulder [PAR] His young and lovely fiancee [PAR] From where I stood, I saw she was cryin' [PAR] And through her tears I heard her say [PAR] \"Billy, don't be a hero, [PAR] don't be a fool with your life\" [PAR] \"Billy, don't be a hero, [PAR] come back and make me your wife\" [PAR] And as he started to go [PAR] she said \"Billy, keep your head lo-o-ow\" [PAR] \"Billy, don't be a hero, come back to me\" [PAR] The soldier-blues were trapped on a hillside [PAR] The battle raging all around [PAR] The sergeant cried \"We've got to hang on, boys\" [PAR] \"We got to hold this piece a'ground\" [PAR] \"I need a volunteer to ride up\" [PAR] \"And bring us back some extra men\" [PAR] And Billy's hand was up in a moment [PAR] Forgettin' all the words she said [PAR] She said"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate ... 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate? - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate? [PAR] 2. Who had a number one hit in 1974 called Billy Don't Be A Hero? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Who had a number one hit in 1974 called Billy Don't Be A Hero? [PAR] 3. In 2003, the American Film Institute compiled a list of the top 50 movie villains \u2013 which character from a 1991 film was voted number one? [PAR] 4. Which fictional hero, created by Baroness Orczy, takes his name from the small red flower with which he signs his messages? [PAR] 5. Who played Hans Gruber in the film Die Hard? [PAR] 6. What is the minimum number of darts a person needs to throw to complete a leg from 501? [PAR] 7. Which was the first British football team to win the European Cup? [PAR] 8. How many players make up a netball team? [PAR] 9. In the Olympic Games, what five sports make up the modern pentathlon? [PAR] 10. What is the maximum no of match points that can be held at one time in a tennis match at Wimbledon? [PAR] 1. Chicago; 2. Paper Lace; 3. Hannibal Lecter; 4. The Scarlet Pimpernel; 5. Alan Rickman; 6. 9; 7. Celtic; 8. 7; 9. Running, fencing, swimming, horse riding and shooting; 10. 6 (when leading 6-0 in a tie-break) [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Orczy - definition of Orczy by The Free Dictionary Orczy - definition of Orczy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Orczy - definition of Orczy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Orczy [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia . [PAR] Orczy [PAR] (\u02c8\u0254\u02d0ts\u026a) [PAR] n [PAR] (Biography) Baroness Emmuska (\u02c8\u025bm\u028a\u0283k\u0259). 1865\u20131947, British novelist, born in Hungary; author of The Scarlet Pimpernel (1905) [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] novelist [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Based on the classic adventure novel by Baroness Emma Orczy, the production is set against a background of the French Revolution. [PAR] The sensitivities of 'small, backward nations': Austria-Hungary, Serbia, and the regulation of the Danube 1870-71.) [PAR] Like the Scarlet Pimpernel, made famous in the classic play and book by Baroness Emmuska Orczy, you seek it here, you seek it there - in fact, all of us seek it everywhere but it will leave no trace of its whereabouts. [PAR] THEATRE The Scarlet Pimpernel/ Birkenhead Operatic Society Trust (BOST)/ Liverpool Empire; 08 Culture Diary [PAR] 16) Baroness Orczy has told her story of writing the book first and then the play, the former's rejection by 'a round dozen' publishers and her determination not to pay for publication or sell her copyright, and the play's eventual success after acceptance by Fred Terry and Julia Neilson.[DOC] [TLE] 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate ... 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate? - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. In which city did gangster Al Capone operate? [PAR] 2. Who had a number one hit in 1974 called Billy Don't Be A Hero? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Who had a number one hit in 1974 called Billy Don't Be A Hero? [PAR] 3. In 2003, the American Film Institute compiled a list of the top 50 movie villains \u2013 which character from a 1991 film was voted number one? [PAR] 4. Which fictional hero, created by Baroness Orczy, takes his name from the small red flower with which he signs his messages? [PAR] 5. Who played Hans Gruber in the film Die Hard? [PAR] 6. What is the minimum number of darts a person needs to throw to complete a leg from 501? [PAR] 7. Which was the first British football team to win the European Cup? [PAR] 8. How many players make up a netball team? [PAR] 9. In the Olympic Games, what five sports make up the modern pentathlon? [PAR] 10. What is the maximum no of match points that can be held at one time in a tennis match at Wimbledon? [PAR] 1. Chicago; 2. Paper Lace; 3. Hannibal Lecter; 4. The Scarlet Pimpernel; 5. Alan Rickman; 6. 9; 7. Celtic; 8. 7; 9. Running, fencing, swimming, horse riding and shooting; 10. 6 (when leading 6-0 in a tie-break) [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hans Gruber - Die Hard Wiki - Wikia Hans Gruber | Die Hard Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"...I'm telling you, you're just going to have to kill me.\" [PAR] \"OK.\" [PAR] \u2015Hans' response to Takagi as he casually blows his brains across the board room [src] [PAR] Still believing him to be a terrorist, Takagi continued to make assumptions about the purpose of the takeover to which Gruber impatiently told him to sit down. He then continued to question Takagi over the code. After repeatedly denying that he knew the code, Takagi bravely asserted that they were just going to have to kill him. Unfortunately, Hans agreed, and killed Takagi by a single shot to the head from his weapon of choice, a Heckler & Koch P7M13 semi-automatic pistol. After that Gruber ordered Theo, his technical expert, to break through the locks on the vault. Theo reminded Hans that the final lock is powered by circuits that cannot be cut locally. Gruber promised to handle the last lock. [PAR] Hans stares down the barrel of John's MP5. [PAR] Hans was unaware, however, that observing them through the glass door from the outside was John McClane, who had slipped through the hands of the terrorists. McClane had stopped over at the tower to pick up his wife, Holly. After killing Karl's brother, Tony, Karl screams in anger and toss the office desk down, causing Hans to pushes him into the wall and tells him not to alter their plan. McClane used Tony's walkie-talkie to radio for help. This resulted in a cop car being sent over. The officer, Al Powell, did a quick check over, and left. McClane saw this and after having dispatched two more of the terrorists threw the body onto Powell's car. These were the first omens of the trouble to come. [PAR] Master Plan [PAR] \"Mrs. McClane. How nice to make your acquaintance.\" [PAR] \u2015Hans discovers Holly's relation to John McClane. [src] [PAR] While acquiring a two-way radio, C4 explosives, and detonators from the body of one terrorist, McClane explained the situation via the two-way radio as the police, led by Deputy Police Chief Dwayne T. Robinson , arrived. The police sent in a SWAT team and an armored vehicle. McClane and Powell aware unable to prevent the SWAT team from being ambushed, but McClane managed to kill the terrorists attacking the SWAT team. One of Holly's coworkers, Harry Ellis , tried to negotiate with Hans and McClane for the return of the detonators. McClane helplessly tells Ellis that Hans would kill him to which Gruber proves when Ellis fails. The FBI arrived, and took control from the police. They ordered the power to the building shut down, which deactivates the vault's final lock as Gruber had intended. Theo ransacks the now-open vault, loading the bearer bonds into an ambulance to be used as their getaway vehicle. [PAR] Hans intimidates Holly. [PAR] McClane continued to sneak through the building to kill the terrorists. When he found Gruber working at the explosives planted on the roof, Gruber passed himself off as an escaped hostage. McClane appeared to let down his guard, and gave Gruber a gun; when Gruber attempted to fire the weapon, however, it is discovered that there were no bullets in the gun. As this happened, Gruber's men appeared from an elevator and fired at McClane, who was forced to flee, leaving behind the detonators. The roof was rigged to explode with the detonators, and Gruber lured the FBI into the trap by asking for helicopter transport for him and his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daily Bugle (Team) - Comic Vine Daily Bugle (Team) - Comic Vine [PAR] Daily Bugle [PAR] Team \u00bb Daily Bugle appears in 916 issues . [PAR] A New York City tabloid newspaper organization located in New York. J. Jonah Jameson, a superhero aggravant, served both as the editor and publisher. Under his leadership it was known for its smear campaigns against superheroes, particularly Spider-Man. It was sold to Dexter Bennett after Jameson suffered a heart attack. It was renamed to the DB and was destroyed after a battle between Electro and Spider-Man. [PAR] The Daily Bugle wiki last edited by Exile-616 on 12/08/15 09:02AM View full history [PAR] Origin [PAR] The Daily Bugle was first founded in 1897 as New York 's daily tabloid newspaper. [PAR] Creation [PAR] Daily Bugle was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1962 [PAR] Team Evolution [PAR] During the 30's its reporters started getting involved in super-heroes' adventures like those of the hero Night Raven . During World War Two, the reporters covered the Invaders ' and the Howling Commandos ' activities, even one photographer, Jameson, almost caught a picture of Captain America without his mask. In 1945, Jameson became an editor and then publisher at the Daily Bugle and ran headlines about the death of Captain America despite the Government's denial. [PAR] Later on, a young reporter named J. Jonah Jameson purchased the Bugle from the recently deceased Jameson (who was presumably his step-father), and financially helped the Bugle with his personal assets and inheritance as well as having it owned by his own company, Jameson Publications. Jameson became the paper's publisher and Chief-Editor and brought it many success, becoming one of the most dominating newspapers in New York, rivaled only by the Daily Globe . At the end of the 60's, Jameson's company purchased a building on 39th Street where the building became known as the Daily Bugle Building , a 46 stories tall complex with a 30-foot logo on the roof. [PAR] For many years in the comics, the Daily Bugle aimed to support civil rights and was against organised crimes. After the death of Jonah's wife in the story, he became more focused and obsessed with his work to point of becoming self-absorbed and led smear campaigns against costumed vigilantes. [PAR] Major Story Arcs [PAR] A Nemesis Born [PAR] When Spider-Man came to town, Jameson immediately launched editorial attacks against the young hero, ruining his career as an entertainer. Even during Spider-Man's heroic activities, Jameson still sees him as a criminal and uses his paper to ruin Spidey's reputation, even conspiring to form some of Spidey's notable threat including the Scorpion and the Spider-Slayers. Ironically, Spider-Man's alter ego, Peter Parker , works as a freelance photographer and sells pictures of himself as Spider-Man to the Bugle, even though they are used against him. However, Spider-Man has a supporter in the Daily Bugle in the form of Robbie Robertson , the city editor and Jameson's only employee whose not intimidated by him. [PAR] Blackmail by Hobgoblin [PAR] At one point in the story, the Hobgoblin attempts to blackmail Jameson by revealing his involvement in the formation of the Scorpion but Jameson publicly confesses about this conspiracy and resigns as Chief-Editor and named Robbie to take his place. However, he still remained active as publisher of the Bugle. [PAR] Green Goblin Takes Over [PAR] Later on, Norman Osborn blackmailed Jameson into selling him the Daily Bugle by threatening to hurt his family and hiring the supervillain Mad Jack to go after. But Jameson regained ownership of the Bugle after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Boston Strangler - Criminal Minds Wiki - Wikia The Boston Strangler | Criminal Minds Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The first murder attributed to the Boston Strangler was committed on June 14, 1962. The victim was Anna E. Slesers, a 55-year-old seamstress. It was initially attributed to a suicide, but was then believed to have been the result of a botched robbery, even though several pieces of jewelry were found at the scene. Between that day and August 30, five more women were killed; the second, an 85-year-old, died of a heart attack while her attacker was trying to strangle her. All of those victims were middle-aged or elderly, the youngest being 55. The Strangler then appears to have stopped killing for a few months, returning on December 5. During this second round of murders, the victims were usually in their late teens or early 20s. At the last crime scene, that of Mary Sullivan on January 4, 1964, the killer left a Happy New Year card propped up against her left foot. [PAR] During the investigation, two psychics got involved with the task force in charge of the case, the \"Strangler Bureau\". The first, Paul Gordon, was an ad copywriter said to have ESP powers. He made a description of the killer of Anna E. Slesers which fit Arnold Wallace, a mental patient held at Boston State Hospital who had escaped on several occasions, most of which coincided with the Strangler murders. When he was consulted about the seventh Strangler murder, that of Sophie Clark, he, surprisingly, displayed detailed knowledge of her apartment and made a description that fit Lewis Barnett, who was an initial suspect in the murder. Nothing concrete came out of Gordon's advice. The second psychic, Peter Hurkos , was a well-known career psychic. He claimed to have assisted in the investigation and is confirmed to have been in Boston at the time of the investigation and to have spent time with the police, but a few days later, he was arrested for impersonating a police officer in order to gather information and later convicted of it. James A. Brussel , who previously had made a spot-on profile of the Mad Bomber in New York, aided the authorities. Unlike many contemporary and later psychologists and psychoanalysts involved in the case, he asserted that the murders were the work of a single man, attributing the changes in his behavior to changes in his regular life. In November of 1964, a convicted burglar named Albert DeSalvo (see below ), was caught for an unrelated series of attacks and confessed to the Strangler murders. [PAR] Albert DeSalvo [PAR] Edit [PAR] DeSalvo at the time of his arrest. [PAR] Albert Henry DeSalvo was born on September 3, 1931 in Chelsea, Massachusetts. His father, Frank DeSalvo, was a sadistic, violent, alcoholic fisherman from Newfoundland who brutally abused his wife, Charlotte DeSalvo, Albert and his five siblings, one brother and four sisters, and would regularly take home prostitutes and have sex with them in front of his family. Albert once saw him beat all of the teeth out of Charlotte's mouth and then break her fingers one by one. Frank also once sold all his children to a farmer in Maine for $9, though they managed to break out and return home, at which point Frank began teaching him to steal and encouraged him to do so. In 1943, aged 12, Albert was arrested for battery and robbery and was sent to a reform school. The next year he was paroled and got a job"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 50 Greatest Heroes and Villains - Infoplease Top 50 Greatest Heroes and Villains [PAR] Arts and Entertainment > Movies and Videos [PAR] Top 50 Greatest Heroes and Villains [PAR] The following table lists the top 50 greatest heroes and villians in film history, according to the American Film Institute, including James Bond, Indiana Jones, Norman Bates, Hannibal Lecter, and more. [PAR] Rank [PAR] Atticus Finch, To Kill a Mockingbird [PAR] Dr. Hannibal Lecter, The Silence of the Lambs [PAR] 2. [PAR] Indiana Jones, Raiders of the Lost Ark [PAR] Norman Bates, Psycho [PAR] Darth Vader, The Empire Strikes Back [PAR] 4. [PAR] The Wicked Witch of the West, The Wizard of Oz [PAR] 5. [PAR] Nurse Ratched, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest [PAR] 6. [PAR] Clarice Starling, The Silence of the Lambs [PAR] Mr. Potter, It's a Wonderful Life [PAR] 7. [PAR] George Bailey, It's a Wonderful Life [PAR] Regan MacNeil, The Exorcist [PAR] T. E. Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia [PAR] The Queen, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] 11. [PAR] Jefferson Smith, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington [PAR] Michael Corleone, The Godfather: Part II [PAR] 12. [PAR] Tom Joad, The Grapes of Wrath [PAR] Alex De Large, A Clockwork Orange [PAR] 13. [PAR] HAL 9000, 2001: A Space Odyssey [PAR] 14."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Superman Publication History - DC Database - Wikia Superman Publication History | DC Database | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Golden Age [PAR] Origins [PAR] The first Superman character created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster was not a hero, but a villain. Their short story \"The Reign of the Superman\" concerned a bald-headed villain bent on dominating the world. The story did not sell, forcing the two to reposition their character on the right side of the law. In 1935, their Superman story was again rejected by newspaper syndicates wanting to avoid lawsuits, who recognized the character as being similar to a lead character from Philip Wylie's 1930 novel. DC decided to take a chance with Superman, figuring if any lawsuits were filed, they would just drop the feature. [PAR] Early sketch of Superman/Clark Kent [PAR] The revised Superman first appeared in Action Comics #1 , June 1938. Siegel and Shuster sold the rights to the company for $130 and a contract to supply the publisher with material. The Saturday Evening Post reported in 1941 that the pair was being paid still a fraction of DC's Superman profits. In 1946, when Siegel and Shuster sued for more money, DC fired them, prompting a legal battle that ended in 1948, when they signed away any further claim to Superman or any character created from him. DC soon took their names off the byline. Following the huge financial success of Superman: The Movie in 1978 and news reports of their pauper-like existences, Warner Communications gave Siegel and Shuster lifetime pensions of $35,000 per year and health care benefits. In addition, any media production which includes the Superman character must include the credit, \"Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster\". [PAR] Close-up of Action Comics #1, the character's first published appearance [PAR] World's Fair [PAR] Superman first appeared in the flesh at the 1940 New York World's Fair, portrayed by actor Ray Middleton. [PAR] Ray Middleton as Superman, 1940 [PAR] Silver Age [PAR] During a multimedia career spanning over seventy years, Superman has starred in nearly every imaginable situation, and his powers have increased to the point that he is nearly omnipotent. This poses a challenge for writers: \"How does one write about a character who is nearly as powerful as God?\" (Superman's Kryptonian name, Kal-El , resembles the Hebrew words for \"voice of God\") This problem contributed to a decline in Superman's popularity, especially during the 1960s and 1970s under the editorship of Mort Weisinger and then Julius Schwartz , when Marvel Comics brought a new level of character development to mainstream comic books. [PAR] The Silver Age Superman [PAR] Superman #149 - One of many \"Deaths of Superman\" [PAR] Bronze Age [PAR] Kal-L , the \"other\" real Superman [PAR] After the establishment of DC Comics' Multiverse in the 1960s, it was established retroactively that a second primary Superman lived on the parallel world of Earth-Two. This Superman was supposed to be the Superman of the \"Golden Age\" comics, while the Silver Age incarnation had his adventures in the then current Earth designated as Earth-One . It was this separation of the two primary versions of the character that was meant to explain away problems of the character, who never ceased publication from the end of the Golden Age, such as one ongoing incarnation since his debut being still in his late twenties while shown in several specific Golden Age stories and not aging during all that time and many other supportive element conflictions. The writers of DC at the time did not originally believe that having two"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] People - Brownhills near Walsall West Midlands People - Brownhills near Walsall West Midlands [PAR] Home [PAR] If you want to get under the skin of the people of our area, have a look at some of what has been said of the locality and its people. [PAR] These stories may come from a few miles outside Brownhills itself but they are close enough to give a flavour of what we are and where we came from. [PAR] The Case is Open By David M. Golden, Vanguard Press ( Pegasus Elliot Mackenzie Publishers Ltd. ) - 2011 [PAR] ISBN: 978 1 84386 911 5 [PAR] \"A barrister that is always getting into trouble with the law is totally unheard of... That is until you meet Izaak Gatehouse; constantly striving to do well, he finds himself having to dodge being on the wrong side of the stand on more than one occasion. [PAR] A loser in love but a good friend, Gatehouse watches from the sidelines as his colleague, friend and housemate, Ian Prospect seduces his way around Birmingham while he pines for the love of his life, Miss Janie soon to be nee Jetty...Bad luck follows Izaak as sure as night follows day; when he incinerates a cottage, is prohibited from practising law in California and wrecks a ceremony (not to mention a novel ice-cream business) amidst an ancient stone circle. Determination and desire see Gatehouse through his trials and tribulations in and out of the court room which surprises even him. Ultimately, when the going gets tough; Izaak pulls through (or so he thinks)... \" [PAR] [PAR] The Case is Busted By David M. Golden, Eloquent Books, New York, USA - 2009 [PAR] ISBN: 978-1-60860-036-6 ISBN / SKU: 1-60860-036-X [PAR] \"David M. Golden brings forth a fountain of high farce in this intelligently written novel that boasts his own brand of self-deprecation at its finest--and funniest. Written with a smidge of Victorian style, Golden amuses and bemuses his readers with a series of misadventures that resides somewhere between dark comedy and \"wholly inappropriate\". Izaak Gatehouse is a working class male from the industrial heartland of the UK. Optimistic, accident prone and suffering from slight OCD tendencies, Izaak is determined to rise above his station and become an English barrister-at-law. [PAR] But bad luck follows Izaak as sure as night follows day when he incinerates two motor cars, ruins a cocktail party, and destroys the windshield (not to mention a perfectly good bottle of wine) of a passing vaporetto. The pursuit of his love interest, an English Rose named Janie Jetty, creates a comical series of romantic disappointments that he is quick to recover from . [PAR] A riotous comedy that will amuse even the most serious of solicitors, The Case is Busted is a must for your library collection.\" [PAR] [PAR] Kiss Me Softly, Amy Turtle by Paul McDonald, Tindal Street Press, Birmingham - 2004 - ISBN 0 9541303 7 5 [PAR] \"The will-sapping tedium of life as a Walsall Reflector hack has given Dave \u0091Ichabod\u0092 McVane a serious thirst for the devil\u0092s juice. Now, after years of debauchery, the booze has bitten back. Cathetered, bed-bound and with what feels like a rhinoceros buffeting its way through his stomach Dave wakes among \u0091regulars\u0092 in a hospital notorious for its high mortality rate. And if his darkest hour wasn\u0092t dark enough, a sinister figure from his student days at the Walsall Academy of New Knowledge reappears...to leave Dave reeling with pain and paranoia as he faces a scalpel-happy surgeon. Join our hero as he embarks on a savage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Blood Brothers' to open at Charter Arts High School - The ... 'Blood Brothers' to open at Charter Arts High School - The Morning Call [PAR] 'Blood Brothers' to open at Charter Arts High School [PAR] Aria Sivick, Robert Stinner, Kristina D'Amico play the three narrators in Blood Brothers [PAR] A musical that explores what happens when fraternal twins are separated at birth and raised in different social classes will be presented at Lehigh Valley Charter High School for the Arts in Bethlehem. [PAR] \u201cBlood Brothers\u201d by British playwright Willy Russell, who also wrote \u201cEducating Rita\u201d and \u201cShirley Valentine,\u201d will be presented April 15-19 in the Charter Arts Black Box Theatre. [PAR] The musical is loosely based on the 1844 novella, \u201cThe Corsican Brothers.\u201d Twins Mickey and Eddie are raised by different families \u2014 one upper class and one lower class. Eddie goes to college and becomes a lawyer while Mickey loses his job and eventually goes to prison. Both fall in love with the same woman, which leads to tragic results. [PAR] The production is directed and choreographed by Ashley Tait Weller and stars Albert Nelthropp as Mickey Johnstone and Brayden Nace as Edward Lyons, the separated twin. As their repsective mothers, Lynsey Jeffery is Mrs. Johnstone and Kara Snyder is Mrs. Lyons. Robert Stinner, Aria Sivick and Kristina D\u2019Amico serve as narrator. [PAR] Musical Direction is by Lynn Flickinger and Neil Chaban, the 9-piece orchestra is conducted by Matt Wells, and technical direction and set design is by Peter Wrenn-Meleck. [PAR] The 1993 Broadway production received six Tony Award nominations, including for best musical, and has developed a cult following. [PAR] Popular songs from the show include \u201cTell Me It\u2019s Not True\u201d , \u201cEasy Terms\u201d, and \u201cMarilyn Monroe.\u201d [PAR] \u201cBlood Brothers,\u201d 7 p.m. April 15-18 and 2 p.m. April 19, Lehigh Valley Charter High School for the Arts, 675 E. Broad St., Bethlehem. Tickets: $15, adults; $10, students and seniors. www.charterarts.org.[DOC] [TLE] Willy Russell (Author of Educating Rita) Willy Russell (Author of Educating Rita) [PAR] edit data [PAR] William Russell is a British dramatist, lyricist, and composer. His best-known works are Educating Rita, Shirley Valentine, and Blood Brothers. [PAR] Willy Russell was born in Whiston, on the outskirts of Liverpool, where he grew up. His parents worked in a book publisher's and often encouraged him to read. After leaving school with one O-level in English, he first became a ladies' hairdresser and ran his own salon. Russell then undertook a variety of jobs, also the first play he wrote was Keep Your Eyes Down Low (1975). His first success was a play about The Beatles called John, Paul, George, Ringo \u2026 and Bert. Originally commissioned for the Everyman Theatre, Liverpool was transferring to the West End in 1974. Educating Rita (1980) concerned a fe William Russell is a British dramatist, lyricist, and composer. His best-known works are Educating Rita, Shirley Valentine, and Blood Brothers. [PAR] Willy Russell was born in Whiston, on the outskirts of Liverpool, where he grew up. His parents worked in a book publisher's and often encouraged him to read. After leaving school with one O-level in English, he first became a ladies' hairdresser and ran his own salon. Russell then undertook a variety of jobs, also the first play he wrote was Keep Your Eyes Down Low (1975). His first success was a play about The Beatles called John, Paul, George, Ringo \u2026 and Bert. Originally commissioned for the Everyman Theatre, Liverpool was transferring to the West End in 1974. Educating Rita (1980) concerned a female hairdresser and her Open University teacher."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Official Charts Flashback 1999: TLC \u2013 No Scrubs Official Charts Flashback 1999: TLC \u2013 No Scrubs [PAR] 28 March 2014 [PAR] Official Charts Flashback 1999: TLC \u2013 No Scrubs [PAR] TLC\u2019s biggest hit is 15 years old this week, but it was beaten to the top by a little yellow puppet \u2013 remember Flat Eric? [PAR] Google + [PAR] TLC\u2019s biggest hit is 15 years old this week, but it was beaten to the top by a little yellow puppet \u2013 remember Flat Eric? We look back at a pretty solid Top 5 from 1999. [PAR] Ever been in a bar and a club and had someone come up and pester you, even though you\u2019ve made it clear such attention is very unwelcome? It happens all the time to us at Official Charts HQ \u2013 we\u2019re all stunningly beautiful, you see \u2013 and when it does, our go-to song for sending these tryhards on their way is TLC\u2019s No Scrubs. \"Oh yes, son, I'm talking to you.\" [PAR] It\u2019s 15 years this week since TLC\u2019s anthem for anyone who\u2019s sick of dating losers entered the Official Singles Chart at Number 7. It was the band\u2019s third Top 10 hit, following 1995\u2019s Waterfalls and 1996\u2019s re-release of Creep and would go on to peak at Number 3, giving the band their highest chart position in the UK. [PAR] TLC took their name from the trio of Tionne \u2018T-Boz\u2019 Watkins, Lisa \u2018Left Eye\u2019 Lopes and Rozonda \u2018Chilli\u2019 Thomas, three ladies who certainly didn\u2019t take any nonsense. [PAR] The band\u2019s first Top 40 hit was 1992\u2019s Ain\u2019t 2 Proud 2 Beg, which peaked at Number 13. They would have to wait another two and a half years for Creep to bring them back to the Top 40. [PAR] They\u2019d have nine Top 40 hits in total, including four Top 10s, the last being 1999\u2019s Unpretty (6). No Scrubs is the band\u2019s biggest selling single, with a sales tally of over 618,000 copies. Waterfalls comes in second, shifting 333,000. [PAR] Left Eye died in a car accident in 2002, which brought a premature end to TLC\u2019s chart success. Although TLC never had a Number 1, Lisa Lopes topped the Official Singles Chart in 2000 with a featured rap on former Spice Girl Melanie C\u2019s Never Be The Same Again. [PAR] Arguably TLC\u2019s most iconic song, No Scrubs has been covered by many popstars who know a killer track when they hear one. [PAR] Check out Bastille doing the song acoustically before we have a look at the Top 5 this week back in 1999. [PAR] 1: Mr Oizo \u2013 Flat Beat [PAR] The tune that proved that puppets weren\u2019t just for novelty records. Kind of. Although Flat Beat was actually by French DJ and producer Mr Oizo, it was really Flat Eric who was the main attraction. [PAR] The star of a Levi\u2019s jeans commercial, the cute yellow puppet with a sideline in chair-dancing helped this fairly minimal house track storm straight to the top of the Official Singles Chart this week in 1999. [PAR] It was the tune that was absolutely everywhere, but Mr Oizo is a genuine one-hit wonder. Since his debut Number 1, he hasn\u2019t troubled the charts at all. He did, however, sell over 700,000 copies of Flat Beat, so it\u2019s not all bad news. [PAR] 2: Cartoons \u2013 Witch Doctor [PAR] From an \u00fcber-cool puppet to in-your-face wannabe animations. Cartoons hailed from Denmark and were like a more extreme version of fellow Scandinavians, the equally bonkers Aqua. Witch Doctor, based on an old novelty song from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greatest Hits - The 1974 UK Favorites - Severing The Greatest Hits - The 1974 UK Favorites [PAR] Paul Anka & Odia Coates - (You're) Having My Baby - 10-1974 [PAR] Charles Aznavour - She - 06-1974 [PAR] Bachman-Turner Overdrive - You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet -12-1974 [PAR] The Bay City Rollers - Remember (Sha-La-La) - 03-1974 [PAR] The Bay City Rollers - Shang-A-Lang 05-1974 [PAR] The Bay City Rollers - Summerlove Sensation - 08-1974 [PAR] The Bay City Rollers - All Of Me Loves All Of You - 10-1974 [PAR] Barry Blue - School Love - 03-1974 [PAR] Marc Bolan & T. Rex - Teenage Dream - 02-1974 [PAR] Ken Boothe - Everything I Own - 10-1974 [PAR] David Bowie - Rebel Rebel - 02-1974 [PAR] David Bowie - Knock On Wood - 10-1974 [PAR] Johnny Bristol - Hang On In There Baby - 09-1974 [PAR] The Carpenters - Jambalaya - 04-1974 [PAR] David Cassidy - If I Didn't Care- 06-1974 [PAR] The Chi-Lites - Homely Girl - 04-1974 [PAR] The Chi-Lites - Too Good To Be Forgotten - 12-1974 [PAR] Gigliola Cinquetti - Go (Beore You Break My Heart) - 06-1974 [PAR] Eric Clapton - I Shot The Sheriff - 08-1974 [PAR] Cockney Rebel - Judy Teen - 06-1974 [PAR] Cockney Rebel - Mr. Soft - 08-1974 [PAR] Alice Cooper - Teenage Lament '74 - 02-1974 [PAR] Lynsey De Paul - No Honestly - 11-1974 [PAR] Stephanie De Sykes - Born With A Smile On My Face - 07-1974 [PAR] John Denver - Annie's Song - 09-1974 [PAR] Disco Tex & The Sex-O-Lettes - Get Dancing - 12-1974 [PAR] Carl Douglas - Kung Fu Fighting - 09-1974 [PAR] The Drifters - Kissin' In The Back Row Of The Movies - 07-1974 [PAR] The Drifters - Down On The Beach Tonight - 11-1974 [PAR] Rupie Edwards - Ire Feelings (Skanga) - 12-1974 [PAR] David Essex - Gonna Make You A Star - 10-1974 [PAR] The Faces - Pool Hall Richard/I Wish It Would Rain - 01-1974 [PAR] Andy Fairweather-Low - Reggae Tune - 10-1974 [PAR] Bryan Ferry - The In Crowd - 06-1974 [PAR] First Class - Beach Baby - 07-1974 [PAR] Gary Glitter - Remember Me This Way - 04-1974 [PAR] Gary Glitter - Always Yours - 06-1974 [PAR] Gary Glitter - Oh Yes! You're Beautiful - 11-1974 [PAR] The Glitter Band - Angel Face - 04-1974 [PAR] The Glitter Band - Just For You - 08-1974 [PAR] The Glitter Band - Let's Get Together Again - 11-1974 [PAR] Golden Earring - Radar Love - 01-1974 [PAR] The Goodies - The In Betweenies/Father Christmas Do Not Touch Me - 12-1974 [PAR] Bill Haley & His Comets - Rock Around The Clock - 04-1974 [PAR] Hello - Tell Him - 12-1974 [PAR] The Hollies - The Air That I Breathe - 03-1974 [PAR] Eddie Holman - (Hey There) Lonely Girl - 11-1974 [PAR] Hot Chocolate - Emma - 03-1974 [PAR] The Hues Corporation - Rock The Boat - 08-1974 [PAR] Terry Jacks - Seasons In The Sun - 03-1974 [PAR] Terry Jacks - If You Go Away - 07-1974 [PAR] Elton John - Candle In The Wind - 03-1974 [PAR] Elton John - Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds - 12-1974 [PAR] KC & The Sunshine Band - Queen Of Clubs - 09-1974 [PAR] Andy Kim - Rock Me Gently - 09-1974 [PAR] Robert Knight - Love On A Mountain Top - 01-1974 [PAR] Ronnie Lane - How Come - 02-1974 [PAR] Limmie & The Family Cookin' - A Walkin' Miracle - 04-1974 [PAR] Lobo -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Ryan 3 Pack (The Hunt for Red October / Patriot Games ... Amazon.com: Jack Ryan 3 Pack (The Hunt for Red October / Patriot Games / Clear and Present Danger): Sean Connery, Alec Baldwin, Harrison Ford, Sean Bean, Willem Dafoe, Scott Glenn, Sam Neill, James Earl Jones, Joss Ackland, Richard Jordan, Peter Firth, Tim Curry, John McTiernan, Phillip Noyce, Donald Stewart, John Milius, Larry Ferguson, Steven Zaillian, Tom Clancy, W. Peter Iliff: Movies & TV [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Save Big On Open-Box & Pre-owned: Buy \"Jack Ryan 3 Pack (The Hunt for Red October / Patri...\u00e2\u0080\u009d from Amazon Warehouse Deals and save 64% off the $19.99 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all Open-Box & Pre-owned offers from Amazon Warehouse Deals. [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Product Description [PAR] THE HUNT FOR RED OCTOBER: Based on Tom Clancy's bestseller, directed by John McTiernan (Die Hard) and starring Sean Connery and Alec Baldwin, The Hunt For Red October seethes with high-tech excitement and sweats with the tension of men who hold Doomsday in their hands. A new technologically-superior Soviet nuclear sub, the Red October, is heading for the U.S. coast under the command of Captain Marko Ramius (Connery). The American government thinks Ramius is planning to attack. A lone CIA analyst (Baldwin) has a different idea: he thinks Ramius is planning to defect, but he has only a few hours to find him and prove it - because the entire Russion naval and air commands are trying to find him, too. The hunt is on! PATRIOT GAMES: Harrison Ford stars as Jack Ryan in this explosive thriller based on Tom Clancy's international best-seller. His days as an intelligence agent behind him, former CIA analyst Jack Ryan has traveled to London to vacation with his wife (Anne Archer, Fatal Attraction) and child (Thora Birch, All I Want For Christmas). Meeting his family outside of Buckingham Palace, Ryan is caught in the middle of a terrorist attack on Lord Holmes (James Fox, The Russian House), a member of the Royal Family. Ryan helps to thwart Holmes' assailants and becomes a local hero. But Ryan's courageous act marks him as a target in the sights of the terrorist (Sean Bean, Stormy Monday) whose brother he killed. Now Ryan must return to action for the most vital assignment of his life: to save his family. Costarring James Earl Jones (The Hunt For Red October). CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER: This is the third film based on Tom Clancy's high-tech espionage potboilers starring CIA deputy director Jack Ryan. Harrison Ford, returning to the Ryan role after his first go-round in 1992's Patriot Games, is assigned to a delicate anti-drug investigation after a close friend of the President (a Reaganesque Donald Moffat) is murdered by a Colombian drug cartel. When Ryan discovers that the President's wealthy friend was in league with the cartel, the President's devious national security adviser (Harris Yulin) and an ambitious CIA deputy director (Henry Czerny) send a secret paramilitary force into Colombia to wipe out the drug lords. The force is captured and then abandoned by the President's lackeys. It falls to Ryan to enter Colombia and rescue them, aided only by a renegade operative named Clark (Willem Dafoe), with both his life and career on the line. [PAR] Amazon.com [PAR] The Hunt for Red October [PAR] Before Harrison Ford assumed the mantle of playing Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan hero in Patriot Games, Alec Baldwin took a swing at the character in this John McTiernan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did You Write The Book Of Love? - blogspot.com Did You Write The Book Of Love? [PAR] Did You Write The Book Of Love? [PAR] Tuesday, June 1, 2010 [PAR] AS OF DEC. 20, 2009 [PAR] The Book Of Love [PAR] By Mikel K [PAR] \"It's always hard to break in, but talent will find a home.\"--The Ethan Ellenberg Literary Agency [PAR] In this book, the author comes across as a cross between David Sedaris, [PAR] Donald Miller, and Augusten Burroughs\u2026that's what the author thinks, anyway. [PAR] \u201cWe tend to forget that happiness doesn't come as a result of getting something we don't have, but rather of recognizing and appreciating what we do have.\u201d [PAR] \u2014Fredrick Koeing [PAR] I lay down to nap, just now, but couldn't sleep, so I set my cell phone for a fifteen minute meditation period. I had mixed luck with that, because my cat, Kobain, parked his body on my chest, and his head in my hand, demanding to be scratched, and rubbed. Then I did something new: I set the alarm for a seven minute pray. I prayed for everyone who I could think of, and about all the things that I could think of that might need praying for: this went better than the meditation. Kobain, I guess, doesn't mind me praying because he got off my chest and lay down next to me while I prayed. [PAR] There are certain songs that I can listen to over, and over, and not get tired of them. \"Green Grass and High Tides,\" by The Outlaws is one of those songs, and so is, \"American Girl,\" by Tom Petty. The lyrics in both songs make a great deal of sense to me, and the music drives me into a very enjoyable manic frenzy. A great song can make it seem as if life is treating you well, even if it isn't. A great song, for me, is better than taking a hit of anything, or a drink. [PAR] Nobody has heard of me, but you will soon come to love me, at least that is my hope: my name is Mikel K, and I hope that you enjoy my stories. [PAR] \"Though seeing, they do not see though hearing, they do not hear or understand.\" [PAR] --Matthew 13:30 [PAR] The fact that you don't have cable means you don't really care. [PAR] And frankly, I can't blame you. [PAR] --Mary Franklin [PAR] This is the beginning, but I will tell you, right now, that this book ends with, \"The End\u2026\" How very clever. [PAR] Senorita: I read your poetry in notes, last night; printed it, and I think I enjoy it so much I am going to add it into my journal. You've got a groupie! You love words, don't you? [PAR] Mikel K: I love where I have landed. I come from drunk tanks, and mental institutions, bar room brawls, and the back seat of police cars. [PAR] Senorita: And you are where you should be. [PAR] Mikel K: Yup, yup. [PAR] \"Lately it occurs to me what a long strange trip it's been.\" [PAR] --The Grateful Dead [PAR] This book is mostly the truth, as I remember it. There are a few places where I stretch the truth, or out right lie, to cover someone's buttocks, often mine, or because I simply can't remember what really happened. [PAR] Some of the characters [PAR] Morisson: [PAR] The runaway dog who ran to me, and, finally, stayed: part lab, part we have never been able to figure out what; all love. [PAR] I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belgium - UNFORKIDS.COM Belgium [PAR] Belgium [PAR] Join the UNFORKIDS.COM [PAR] Belgium [PAR] The Kingdom of Belgium is a country in northwest Europe bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France and for a short stretch by the North Sea. It is one of the founding and core members of the European Union, hosting its headquarters, as well as those of many other major international organizations, such as NATO. Belgium has a population of over ten-and-a-half million people, in an area of around 30,000 square kilometres (11,700 square miles). Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is linguistically divided. The Dutch-speaking northern region, Flanders, houses 58% of the population. Another 10% inhabits the officially bilingual Brussels-Capital Region, for approximately 85% using French. In this enclave within the Flemish Region however, neither language is the primary one for roughly half of the residents. French is the language in the southern region Wallonia apart from most of the 73,000 inhabitants of its German-speaking Community.This linguistic diversity often leads to political and cultural conflict and is reflected in Belgium's complex system of government and political history. Belgium derives its name from the Latin name of the northernmost part of Gaul, Gallia Belgica, named after a group of mostly Celtic tribes, Belgae. Historically, Belgium has been a part of the Low Countries, which included the Netherlands and Luxembourg and used to cover a somewhat larger region than the current Benelux group of states. From the end of the Middle Ages until the seventeenth century, it was a prosperous centre of commerce and culture. From the sixteenth century until the Belgian revolution in 1830, the area at that time called the Southern Netherlands, was the site of many battles between the European powers, and has been dubbed \"the battlefield of Europe\"and \"the cockpit of Europe\". [PAR] Country:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which South American countries does the Tropic of ... Which South American countries does the Tropic of Capricorn pass through? | Reference.com [PAR] Which South American countries does the Tropic of Capricorn pass through? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The South American countries that lie within the Tropic of Capricorn are Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay. Brazil is the only country in the world that crosses both the Equator and either tropic. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Tropic of Capricorn, also called the Southern Tropic, lies approximately 23.5 degrees south of the Equator. It is the southernmost point at which the sun can be seen directly overhead at the winter solstice when the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun. It drifts slowly north at the rate of about 16 yards a year. The Tropic of Capricorn marks the dividing line between the Southern Temperate Zone on the south and the tropics on the north. The climates of most of the countries along the Tropic of Capricorn are arid or semi-arid. Summer comes to the Tropic of Capricorn during December, when the region receives its highest amount of direct solar radiation. [PAR] The Tropic of Capricorn, named some 2,000 years ago, is so called because the sun reaches its highest point in the sky in the constellation Capricornus in December. The tropics are named for the Greek word \u201ctropos,\u201d meaning to turn, because the sun seems to turn and head in the opposite direction across the sky after the solstice.[DOC] [TLE] The Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn The Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 31, 2016. [PAR] Three of the most significant imaginary lines running across the surface of the Earth are the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn. While the equator is the longest line of latitude on the Earth (the line where the Earth is widest in an east-west direction), the tropics are based on the sun's position in relation to the Earth at two points of the year. All three lines of latitude are significant in their relationship between the Earth and the sun. [PAR] The Equator [PAR] The equator is located at zero degrees latitude . The equator runs through Indonesia, Ecuador, northern Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , and Kenya, among other countries . It is 24,901.55 miles (40,075.16 kilometers) long. On the equator, the sun is directly overhead at noon on the two equinoxes - near March and September 21. The equator divides the planet into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. On the equator, the length of day and night are equal every day of the year - day is always twelve hours long and night is always twelve hours long. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Overview of the Four Seasons [PAR] The Tropic of Cancer and The Tropic of Capricorn [PAR] The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn each lie at 23.5 degrees latitude. The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.5\u00b0 North of the equator and runs through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia , India, and southern China. The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5\u00b0 South of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil (Brazil is the only country that passes through both the equator and a tropic), and northern South Africa . [PAR] The tropics are the two lines where the sun is directly overhead at noon on the two solstices - near June and December 21. The sun is directly overhead at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glasgow Subway System (clockwork orange) - Kelvinbridge ... Glasgow Subway System (clockwork orange) - Kelvinbridge Station - YouTube [PAR] Glasgow Subway System (clockwork orange) - Kelvinbridge Station [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 1, 2013 [PAR] A brief look at Kelvinbridge station on the Glasgow subway system on the late morning of Wednesday 31st July 2013. [PAR] Unlike London, which has an entire network of tube lines, Glasgow has one route running in a circle connecting Queen Street station in the city centre with the southern and western suburbs of the city including Hillhead, Partick and Govan. For many years the line has been nicknamed the 'clockwork orange' as a result of the colour of the trains! The system is also narrow gauge. [PAR] Click on the following link for a full history and description of the Glasgow Subway:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Legolund in Billund, Denmark - The Original Legoland Legolund in Billund, Denmark - The Original Legoland [PAR] Share [PAR] By Terri Mapes [PAR] The original Legoland (which opened in 1968) is located on the western half of Denmark , called Jutland . Legoland Denmark is centrally located if you're driving. It's 150 miles west of Copenhagen . If you want to fly in, the airport of Billund is literally next door to the park. Legoland's opening times become longer as it gets warmer; the park itself is open from late March through early October. [PAR] Attention to Detail: [PAR] Everything - and I mean EVERYTHING - in Legoland consists of countless Lego blocks built with creativity and craftsmanship alike. You'll walk past entire countries built in small scale, entirely out of lego pieces! You're allowed to bring your own food into the park but there are countless (slightly pricy) food stands and cafes. [PAR] Exciting Rides: [PAR] In the past few years, Legoland has been adding family rides as well as more thrill rides for the adventurous. There are pirate-themed boat rides, a gentle mining-themed rollercoaster, flying carpet rides, and lots more fitting for all ages from toddler to seniors. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Tips for Taking Better Travel Photos [PAR] And while you're there, have your kids get a \"real\" Legoland driver\u2019s licence at the Lego driving school! [PAR] During Bad Weather: [PAR] Considering Denmark 's unpredictable weather (see Weather in Denmark , there are a number of indoor activities, like the adorable-but-authentic toy museum with interactive mechanical toys. Or, head to the Lego playroom and build your own ideas in Lego pieces to win daily prizes. [PAR] No Stress: [PAR] Parents are often stressed looking after their children at theme parks. Not here. Simply rent a \"KidSpotter\"! A new Wi-Fi tracking network and instant messaging ensures you won't lose your kids. If they're out of sight, just send them an SMS message and their location will be displayed on the parental unit. What an idea! [PAR] Special Services: [PAR] Legoland offers special services such as a Babycare Center, a bank with ATMs, and Drying Machines for wet clothing. Dogs are allowed on leashes. They also have a First Aid station, handicap facilities, an Information Center, luggage lockers, and wheelchairs.[DOC] [TLE] LEGOLAND California Theme Park | LEGOLAND California Resort LEGOLAND California Theme Park | LEGOLAND California Resort [PAR] CONTACT US [PAR] Come play your part at LEGOLAND\u00ae California Resort, located just 30 minutes north of San Diego and one hour south of Anaheim. With more than 60 rides, shows and attractions, it's an interactive, hands-on theme park experience for families with children 2 - 12. The Resort is also home to SEA LIFE\u00ae Aquarium and the world's first LEGOLAND\u00ae Water Park. And if you've ever dreamed of spending the night at LEGOLAND, LEGOLAND Hotel at the Resort is now open and less than 2 miles from the nearest beach! [PAR] This LEGO\u00ae themed hotel features 250 rooms based on the popular LEGO lines Pirate, Kingdom, Adventure and LEGO Friends. Add nightly children's entertainment, interactive LEGO features throughout and early access to LEGOLAND Park for Hotel guests and it's the LEGO experience you've always dreamed of! Book your San Diego vacation now at LEGOLANDHotel.com . [PAR] There are six other LEGOLAND Parks in the world \u2013 LEGOLAND Billund in Denmark, LEGOLAND Windsor outside of London, LEGOLAND Florida in the U.S., LEGOLAND Deutschland in Germany, LEGOLAND Malaysia and LEGOLAND Dubai. Coming soon - LEGOLAND Japan and LEGOLAND New York! [PAR] Prices, times and schedules subject to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of States in America That Start With - HubPages List of States in America That Start With [PAR] List of States in America That Start With [PAR] Updated on June 26, 2015 [PAR] The United States [PAR] In recent news, the United States' president Barack Obama said that he has visited most of the 57 states in the United States. The video of Obama's speech has been making its rounds on the Internet. It was obviously a mistake on the president's part, but in reality, not many people probably even know how many states there are. [PAR] Every single person knows what the United States are. Obama might have made a mistake, but surprisingly, not many people can name all of the states off the top of their head and quite a bit of people think that there are 52 states, 48 states or give or take a few more. There are 50 states in America and here is the list of them in alphabetical order. [PAR] Some of the capitals have been listed next to the states and other fun facts are also listed besides others. [PAR] List of States in America that Start with A [PAR] List of states in America that start with A. [PAR] Alabama- The capital is Montgomery and the largest city is Birmingham. [PAR] Alaska- The capital is Juneau and the largest city is Anchorage. [PAR] Arizona- The capital is Phoenix and the largest city is Phoenix. [PAR] Arkansas- The capital is Little Rock and the largest city is Little rock. [PAR] States that Start with the letter B [PAR] There are no states that begin with the letter B. [PAR] List of States in America that Start with C [PAR] List of states in America that start with C. [PAR] California- The capital is Sacramento and the largest city is Los Angeles [PAR] Colorado- The capital is Denver and the largest city is Denver [PAR] Connecticut- The capital is Hartford and the largest city is Bridgeport [PAR] List of States in America that Start with D [PAR] List of states in America that start with D. [PAR] Delaware- The capital is Dover and the largest city is Wilmington [PAR] States that Start with the Letter E [PAR] There are no states that start with the letter E. [PAR] States that Start with F [PAR] Here are the states that start with the letter F. [PAR] Florida- The capital is Tallahassee and the largest city is Jacksonville [PAR] States that Start with G [PAR] Here are the states that start with the letter G. [PAR] Georgia- The capital is Atlanta and the largest city is Atlanta [PAR] States that Start with H [PAR] Here are the states that start with the letter H. [PAR] Hawaii- The capital is Honolulu and the largest city is Honolulu [PAR] States that Start with I [PAR] Here are the states that start with the letter I. [PAR] Idaho- The capital is Boise and the largest city is Boise [PAR] Illinois- The capital is Springfield and the largest city is Chicago [PAR] Indiana- The capital is Indianapolis and the largest city is Indianapolis [PAR] Iowa- The capital is Des Moines and the largest city is Des Moines [PAR] States that Start with J [PAR] There are no states that start with the letter J. [PAR] States that Start with the Letter K [PAR] Here are the states that start with the letter K. [PAR] Kansas- The capital is Topeka and the largest city is Wichita [PAR] Kentucky- The capital is Frankfort and the largest city is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the English Premier League - SuperSport - Football History of the English Premier League - SuperSport - Football [PAR] History of the English Premier League [PAR] William McGregor statue \u00a9 Action Images [PAR] What is now known as the English Premier League has its roots in an earlier league, called the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888. [PAR] The Football League, also known as the npower Football League for sponsorship reasons, is a league competition featuring professional association football clubs from England and Wales. [PAR] Founded in 1888, it is the oldest such competition in world football. It was the top level football league in England from its foundation until 1992. [PAR] Since 1995 it has had 72 clubs evenly divided into three divisions, which are currently known as The Championship, League One and League Two. Promotion and relegation between these divisions is a central feature of the League and is further extended to allow the top Championship clubs to exchange places with the lowest placed clubs in the Premier League. [PAR] A director of Aston Villa, William McGregor, was the first to set out to bring some order to a chaotic world where clubs arranged their own fixtures. On March 2, 1888, he wrote to the committee of his own club, Aston Villa, as well as to those of Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Preston North End and West Bromwich Albion, suggesting the creation of a league competition that would provide a number of guaranteed fixtures for its member clubs each season. [PAR] The first meeting was held at Anderson's Hotel in London on March 23, 1888, on the eve of the FA Cup Final. The Football League was formally created and named in Manchester at a further meeting on April 17 at the Royal Hotel. [PAR] In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League to take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal and on May 27, 1992, the Premier League as we know it today was formed. [PAR] This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. [PAR] There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained on the same terms as between the old First and Second Divisions. [PAR] The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. [PAR] A total of 43 clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992 until the end of the 2009/10 season. Two other clubs (Luton Town and Notts County) were signatories to the original agreement that created the Premier League, but were relegated prior to the inaugural Premier League season and have not subsequently returned to the top flight. [PAR] Seven clubs have been members of the Premier League for every season since its inception. This group is composed of Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. [PAR] Due to insistence by Fifa that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. [PAR] On"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord's Cricket Ground in St John's Wood, England ... Lord's Cricket Ground in St John's Wood, England Statistics, Weather and records and schedule - vCricket.com [PAR] capacity [PAR] 28000 [PAR] Lord's Cricket Ground, generally known as Lord's, is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, London. Named after its founder, Thomas Lord, it is owned by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and is the home of Middlesex County Cricket Club, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), the European Cricket Council (ECC) and, until August 2005, the International Cricket Council (ICC). Lord's is widely referred to as the \"home of cricket\" and is home to the world's oldest sporting museum. [PAR] Lord's today is not on its original site, being the third of three grounds that Lord established between 1787 and 1814. His first ground, now referred to as Lord's Old Ground, was where Dorset Square now stands. His second ground, Lord's Middle Ground, was used from 1811 to 1813 before being abandoned to make way for the construction through its outfield of the Regent's Canal. The present Lord's ground is about 250 yards (230 m) north-west of the site of the Middle Ground. The ground can hold 28,000 spectators. Proposals are being developed to increase capacity and amenity.[3] As of December 2013, it was proposed to redevelop the ground at a cost of around \u00a3200? million over a 14-year period. [PAR] The current ground celebrated its two hundredth anniversary in 2014. To mark the occasion, on 5 July a Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) XI captained by Sachin Tendulkar played a Rest of the World XI led by Shane Warne in a 50 overs match[DOC] [TLE] Lord's Cricket Ground - Grounds - County Cricket News Lord's Cricket Ground - Grounds - County Cricket News [PAR] Lord's Cricket Ground [PAR] Teams: Middlesex | Marylebone Cricket Club [PAR] Established: 1814 [PAR] Ends names: Pavilion End, Nursery End [PAR] Description [PAR] Named after its founder Thomas Lord (1755\u20131832), a bowler with White Conduit Cricket Club in Islington, the original cricket ground was located on the site of today' Dorset Square. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was formed shortly after, and the laws of the game codified. In 1814 the MCC and Lord's moved to its current location in St John's Wood. [PAR] In the latter half of the nineteenth century the MCC decided to get involved in county cricket, which was growing in popularity, and in 1877 invited Middlesex County Cricket Club to adopt Lord's as its home ground, an arrangement which continues to this day. [PAR] County Cricket News October 2009"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the longest football team name in the world ... What is the longest football team name in the world? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] What is the longest football team name in the world? [PAR] Brad Powell, Liskeard England [PAR] The longest name in the English league is my team Brighton and Hove albion with 21 letters. However Borussia Monchengladbach, of the Bundesleage is 23 letters. I'm sure there are longer names in germany though. [PAR] Tony Greenfield, Brighton East Sussex [PAR] I don't know but LLANFAIRPWLLGWYNGYLLGOGERYCHWYRNDROBWLLLLANTYSILIOGOGOGOCH football club must be a contender. [PAR] Steffan John, Cardiff Wales [PAR] US Major League Soccer(!) side New York/New Jersey Metro All-Stars have got to be in with a shout. Yanks! What's wrong with 'Rovers'?!! [PAR] JJ, Newcastle UK [PAR] Ballvereinborussiadortmundneunzehnhundertundneun (BVB09 Dortmund Germany) or Borussia Munchengladbach and probably another dozen German teams. [PAR] Kevin Elliott, Berlin Germany [PAR] Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid (league of Wales) maybe? [PAR] Aled, Aberystwyth Wales [PAR] The former side Horwich Railway Mechanics Institute Football Club would have been a contender. However, with a move to a neigbouring town, it has been shortened to Leigh Railway Mechanics Institute Football Club [PAR] Aidan Corcoran, Bolton UK [PAR] Interesting question - some of the initials prefacing town names of French clubs might spell out into longer names than the British names I can think of (for example OGC Nice) - the longest British would presumably be Brighton and Hove Albion, Inverness Clachnacuddin, Kirkintilloch Rob Roy and Norton and Stockton Ancients. [PAR] Jim Kidd, Musselburgh, Scotland [PAR] In response to the seagulls fan, 'Wolverhampton Wanderers' has 22 ! [PAR] pd, Chesterfield uk [PAR] some contenders would be Amsterdamche Football Club Ajax (Holland, 28) Real Sociedad de San Sebastian (SPAIN, 26) Zalaegerszegi Torna Egylet (Hungary, 24) Football Club Rotor Volgograd (russia, 26) Internazionale de Milano (Italy, 21) and Genclerbiligi Ankara spor Kulubu (Turkey, 30) [PAR] IAN OGIER, Guernsey, C.I England [PAR] That would be New York/New Jersey Metrostars - not Metro Allstars. [PAR] GW, Durham UK [PAR] 'glasgow celtic football and athletic club' has 36. [PAR] richard hunter, ancrum scotland [PAR] We think that: Genclerbiligi Ankara spor Kulubu (30) Brighton and Hove Albion (21) Daggenham and Redbridge(21) Could be contenders? [PAR] Neale and Ben, Darwen England [PAR] Total Network Solutions LLantsantffraid. That's 36. I don't know if they have an additional FC (12) [PAR] phil, cardiff [PAR] IIIINNNGGG-UUUUURRRR-LAAAAAAANNNDDDDD has 35 ... and 38 in some versions of the chant [PAR] Dominic Rice, Brussels Belgium [PAR] There are probably longer ones in Aussie Rules but a close one here is Mangoplah-Cookardinia United (24). [PAR] Mick webster, Beechworth Australia [PAR] Bournemouth and Boscombe Athletic has 31. [PAR] Mark Power, Dublin [PAR] Tetaumatawhakatangihangakoauaotamateaurehaeaturipukapihimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuaakitanarahu is a place in New Zealand Wonder if they have a football team Tetaumatawhakatangihangakoauaotamateaurehaeaturipukapihimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuaakitanarahu City [PAR] Tom, Horsham, England [PAR] Garbarnia Szczakowianka Jaworzno. It's 30 letters long, not bad. [PAR] QBA, Szczecin, Poland [PAR] Well actually I used to play for Mangoplah, which has been a previous answer. However the full name of the club now stands at MCU-E, which in full is Mangoplah Cookardinia United Eastlakes Goannas. [PAR] Perhaps another football club we use to play against is a contender - Ganmain Grong Grong Matong Lions. [PAR] But MCU-E take the cake! [PAR] Courtney Bourne, Wagga Wagga, Australia [PAR] Sunderland Association Football Club has 33 letters which is quite good. [PAR] Ryan , Newton Aycliffe, UK [PAR] I think adding Football Club on to the name is cheating. Inverness Caledonian Thistle with 26 letters is longest in Scotland, possibly UK. Did Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 | australia.gov.au Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 | australia.gov.au [PAR] Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 [PAR] The exceptionally well-organised Sydney Games were a true celebration of Olympic values and sporting excellence. [PAR] Olympic Committee [PAR] The Sydney Olympic Games were held from 15 September to 1 October 2000. Sydney was awarded the right to host the 2000 Olympic Games in 1993. It was the second time that an Australian city had hosted the Olympic Games, the first being in Melbourne in 1956. The first Olympic Games of the modern era were held in Athens in 1896 following the founding of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. The Olympics began in Greece about 3,500 years ago but were discontinued in 393 AD. In 1887, Baron Pierre de Coubertin came up with the idea of reviving the Olympics. [PAR] At the Sydney 2000 Olympics there were 199 competing countries and four individual athletes from East Timor who marched in the parade of nations. There were 10,651 athletes (4,069 women, 6,582 men). There were 300 events. One of the extraordinary characteristics of the Sydney Olympics was the number of volunteers, 46,967, which had grown from an original group of 500, honoured in a parade through the city after the games. The extent of interest world-wide in the Olympics is reflected in the 16,033 accredited media people (5,298 written press, 10,735 broadcasters). [PAR] Highlights \u2013 100 years of women's participation [PAR] Cathy Freeman wins gold in the 400m. Image courtesy of the ABC. [PAR] Sydney 2000 celebrated 100 years of women's participation in the Olympic Games. The Triathlon made its Olympic debut with the women's race as the first event. Brigitte McMahon of Switzerland swam, cycled and ran to win gold and beat the favoured Australian athlete Michelie Jones who won silver. McMahon only passed Jones in sight of the finish line. [PAR] Taekwondo was another new addition to the Olympic programme. Australian Lauren Burns, won gold in taekwondo, women's -49kg. Roared on by home fans, Burns surged ahead to 4-2 in the second round after being tied at the end of first round. Susanthika Jayasinghe became the first Sri Lankan woman to win a medal, claiming bronze in the 200m, whilst Birgit Fischer of Germany earned two gold medals in kayaking to become the first woman in any sport to win medals 20 years apart, having won gold at the Moscow, Barcelona and Atlanta Olympic Games. [PAR] Women also took part in weightlifting and the modern pentathlon for the very first time. Australian Maria Pekli, won silver in judo for the women's 57kg. Other Australian women gold medal winners included Natalie Cook and Kerri Pottharst for beach volleyball, and Jenny Armstrong and Belinda Stowell for sailing, in the women's 470 class. The Australian women's hockey, softball and water polo teams also showed their excellence in winning gold. [PAR] Opening ceremony and Olympic Flame [PAR] Sydney 200 opening ceremony. Image courtesy of the ABC. [PAR] The opening ceremony began with a tribute to Australian culture, history and identity with over 120 Australian stock horses stepping out, paying tribute to Australian stockmen. Performances that followed included references to the arrival of the First Fleet, immigration and rural industry as well as a large display of lawnmowers and an Australian Hill's hoist clothes line representing domestic life and ingenuity. [PAR] Music and performance highlights of the opening were two hundred (200) Indigenous women from Central Australia dancing to cleanse and protect the Games and hundreds of tap-dancing teenagers. Olivia Newton-John and John Farnham sang the duet 'Dare to Dream' while walking among"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is opposite 16 on a dartbord? - Find Answers Here! What is opposite 16 on a dartbord? - Find Answers Here! [PAR] What is opposite 16 on a dartbord? [PAR] We found this answers [PAR] How many scoring zones are there on a dartboard? ... 16. 16. Which wood are ... On a darts board which number is directly opposite 1? Auf einer Dartscheibe, ... - Read more [PAR] How it is possible that two player using different numbers and opposite sides of the ... 19+17+15=51 ---- 19+16 ... The numbering system of modern day dartboards, ... - Read more [PAR] Discussion about this question[DOC] [TLE] WHY ARE THE NUMBERS ON A DARTBOARD IN THE ORDER THEY ARE? WHY ARE THE NUMBERS ON A DARTBOARD IN THE ORDER THEY ARE [PAR] Fully Featured Website Hosting!!! [PAR] WHY ARE THE NUMBERS ON A DARTBOARD IN THE ORDER THEY ARE? [PAR] This is probably the most asked question about the origins of the modern game. Who was the devious person who structured the segments of the dartboard in such a frustrating manner? [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The man who is credited with the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdinvention\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd of the numbering sequence of the modern standard dartboard is BRIAN GAMLIN. Gamlin was a carpenter from Bury in the County of Lancashire, England and came up with the infuriating sequence in 1896, at the age of 44. He died in 1903 before he could patent the idea. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In those days many working men \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and in particular those with carpentry skills \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd manufactured dartboards out of elm or poplar wood as a sideline. This cottage industry was later prevalent across the North of England, the Midlands and the South East as darts grew in popularity from the mid-1920s onwards. The reason for producing dartboards at home, or more properly in the garden shed, was to sell the boards to local pubs, thereby supplementing the family income. However, more often than not, this income never found its way home at all. Dartboards were exchanged for credit in the local pub or money earned would finds its way back over the bar. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The numbering of a standard dartboard is designed in such a way as to cut down the incidence of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlucky shots\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and reduce the element of chance. The numbers are placed in such a way as to encourage accuracy. That\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds it. Pure and simple. The placing of small numbers either side of large numbers e.g. 1 and 5 either side of 20, 3 and 2 either side of 17, 4 and 1 either side of 18, punishes inaccuracy. Thus, if you shoot for the 20 segment, the penalty for lack of accuracy or concentration is to land in either a 1 or a 5. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] There are 121,645,100,408,832,000 different possible arrangements of the 20 segments on a standard dartboard so it is perhaps a little surprising that Gamlin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds arrangement of the numbers is almost perfect. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Gamlin himself is an enigma. Like the lost court records in the case of William \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBigfoot\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Annakin, there is a vital piece of information in the Gamlin story that is missing. Despite the most thorough of searches no record can be found of Gamlin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds death in 1903. Looking three years either side, for both counties of Lancashire and Suffolk reveal no one of that name terminating at that time. However, the answer may be that this is because Gamlin was on the move. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Daily Mirror in 1992 was asked the question \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWho decided the numbers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. In cricket, how many runs make up a double Nelson ... 1. In cricket, how many runs make up a double Nelson? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] News Opinion [PAR] 1. In cricket, how many runs make up a double Nelson? [PAR] 2. What is Indiana Jones looking for in the film Indiana Jones And The Last Crusade? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. What is Indiana Jones looking for in the film Indiana Jones And The Last Crusade? [PAR] 3. In which English city is the world`s largest chocolate factory? [PAR] 4. What was the name of the British liner which exploded in 1962? [PAR] 5. In which two European cities are Nobel prizes presented? [PAR] 6. By what name is the domesticated albino variety of polecat better known? [PAR] 7. The abbreviation RSVP is taken from what language? [PAR] 8. Tresco is in which island group? [PAR] 9. What are the four different colours of Blue Peter badges? [PAR] 10. Peter Mayhew is best known for playing what Star Wars character? [PAR] 1. 222; 2. The Holy Grail ; 3. Birmingham; 4. Dara; 5. Oslo and Stockholm; 6. Ferret; 7. French; 8. Scilly Isles; 9. Blue, Green, Silver and Gold; 10. Chewbacca [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] El Greco (also known as Domenikos Theotokopoulos), Art ... El Greco (also known as Domenikos Theotokopoulos), Art History & Styles of Art - Art.com Wiki [PAR] 6 Some Examples of \u201cEl Greco\u2019s\u201d Artwork [PAR] Personal life [PAR] El Greco was born in 1641 on the island of Crete. After beginning his artistic training in Crete, he moved on to Venice and Rome before settling in the Spanish city of Toledo. In Rome, the painter espoused unpopular views on the artistic abilities of some of the most famous Renaissance painters. The artist had a single son, Jorge Manuel, in 1578. Jorge\u2019s mother has been named as Jeronima de las Cuevas. The couple are not thought to have married, although she was named in his short will. He died in Toledo in 1614, leaving his possessions to his son and Jeronima. [PAR] Career [PAR] He began his career as a Byzantine icon painter on the Venice-controlled island of Crete. He would later reject his early realism as his artistic expression entered imaginative periods. Few of his works prior to his move to Venice have survived. During his three-year stay in Venice, the artist completed a number of important works in the Renaissance style, including The Miracle of Christ Healing the Blind. Still searching for realism in his work, he began to use perspective in his large paintings of Biblical scenes. Once he moved to Rome, he received no large-scale commissions, but he did earn a reputation as one of the best portrait and small-scale painters of the Renaissance period. He painted several celebrated portraits between 1590 and 1600, including Saint Jerome as Cardinal. In 1576, the artist settled in Toledo, where he found a group of intellectuals willing to commission religious altarpieces and large landscapes . He painted The View of Toledo, one of the best-known landscapes in sixteenth-century European art, soon after his arrival. His large altarpieces included Christ Driving the Traders from the Temple and The Burial of Count Orgaz, arguably his most famous work. Outside the influences of his Renaissance peers, he began to reject realism in earnest. By the start of the seventeenth century, his style turned to the mannerism for which he is best remembered. [PAR] Fun Facts [PAR] El Greco translates into English as \u201cThe Greek\u201d and reflects his birthplace on the island of Crete. [PAR] During his time in Rome, he publicly questioned the artistic ability of Michelangelo . The resulting backlash hastened his move from Rome to Toledo. [PAR] His son Jorge Manuel appears in the famous paintingThe Burial of Count Orgaz. [PAR] Related Artists"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Looking back at Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses ... Looking back at Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Salman Rushdie [PAR] Looking back at Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses [PAR] Writers, broadcasters, friends and publishing insiders recall what it was like to be caught up in the most controversial story in recent literary history, The Satanic Verses and the ensuing fatwa against its author, as Salman Rushdie prepares to bring out his eagerly awaited memoir [PAR] A demonstration against The Satanic Verses, in Bradford, England, in 1989. Photograph: Sipa Press/Rex Features [PAR] Friday 14 September 2012 17.55 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 14 September 2012 17.55 EDT [PAR] Geoffrey Robertson QC [PAR] Defended Salman Rushdie in the blasphemy case brought against The Satanic Verses [PAR] On Valentine's Day 1989, the dying Ayatollah Khomeini launched the mother of all prosecutions against Salman Rushdie . As with the Red Queen from Alice in Wonderland, his fatwa was a case of sentence first and trial later. [PAR] Rushdie's difficulties brought many of his north London friends into a closer and warmer contact with officers of the Special Branch than they might ever have thought likely. [PAR] It was not long before a private prosecutor tried to issue a summons against the author of The Satanic Verses to attend, at the Old Bailey, his trial for blasphemous libel. The magistrate refused, so the prosecutor appealed to the High Court, where 13 Muslim barristers attempted to get the book banned, but their action forced them to draft an indictment against Rushdie and his publishers specifying with legal precision the way in which the novel had blasphemed. [PAR] Their efforts convinced me that The Satanic Verses is not blasphemous. The book is the fictional story of two men, infused with Islam but confused by the temptations of the west. The first survives by returning to his roots. The other, Gibreel, poleaxed by his spiritual need to believe in God and his intellectual inability to return to the faith, finally kills himself. The plot, in short, is not an advertisement for apostasy. [PAR] Our opponents could in the end only allege six blasphemies in the book, and each one was based either on a misreading or on theological error: [PAR] God is described in the book as \"The Destroyer of Man\". As He is similarly described in the Old Testament and the Book of Revelation, especially of men who are unbelievers or enemies of the Jews. [PAR] The book contains criticisms of the prophet Abraham for his conduct towards Hagar and Ismael, their son. Abraham deserves criticism and is not seen as without fault in Islamic, Christian or Jewish traditions. [PAR] Rushdie refers to Muhammad as \"Mahoud\". He called him variously \"a conjuror\", \"a magician\" and a \"false prophet\". Rushdie does nothing of the sort. These descriptions come from the mouth of a drunken apostate, a character with whom neither author nor reader has sympathy. [PAR] The book grossly insults the wives of the Prophet by having whores use their names. This is the point. The wives are expressly said to be chaste, and the adoption of their names by whores in a brothel symbolises the perversion and decadence into which the city had fallen before it surrendered to Islam. [PAR] The book vilifies the close companions of the Prophet, calling them \"bums from Persia\" and \"clowns\", whereas the Qur'an treats them as men of righteousness. These phrases are used by a depraved hack poet, hired to pen propaganda against the Prophet. They do not represent the author's beliefs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pablo Picasso: 20th Century Painter and Founder of Cubism Pablo Picasso: 20th Century Painter and Founder of Cubism [PAR] We are an online artist community sharing ways to create and sell art. Join us to save big on art supplies or try our easy websites for artists . [PAR] Pablo Picasso: 20th Century Painter and Founder of Cubism [PAR] \u2039 Previous article by date [PAR] Pablo Picasso\u2014born Pablo Diego Jos\u00e9 Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar\u00eda de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant\u00edsima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso\u2014is quite possibly the most famous artist that has ever lived, both during his own life and now decades after. [PAR] Not only was Picasso a tremendously prolific painter and a leading artist of the 20th century, he also co-created Cubism , an art movement that altered art history forever. [PAR] Born in 1881, Picasso was considered an artistic prodigy as a child. His father was an art professor, so he received instruction while very young\u2014the above drawing of a sculpture was done in 1893 when he was twelve. [PAR] His classical training was finished early on, and before the age of 20 Picasso had already begun to shift his style away from traditional realism. [PAR] But Picasso didn\u2019t immediately begin painting in that fragmented, Cubist style we all know him for; he had two distinct periods from 1901 to around 1906\u2014his Blue Period and his Rose Period. [PAR] During his blue period, Picasso painted with primarily cold blues tinged with green, often depicting prostitutes or beggars. [PAR] Picasso\u2019s blue period ended when he began to introduce warmer colors into his paintings, especially pinks and soft reds. [PAR] A common motif throughout his rose period was clowns and circus performers. Picasso would often place these strangely somber figures in empty landscapes, as seen in this painting. [PAR] His rose period was shorter than the blue period that preceded it, and Picasso soon began experimenting with other painting styles. [PAR] By about 1910, Picasso had come up with something very new to the art world\u2014Cubism. He wasn\u2019t the sole creator of the cubist style; Georges Braque had as much, if not more, to do with Cubism than Picasso did. Picasso just became more and more famous until finally the words Cubism and modern art began to make us think of him first and foremost. [PAR] Picasso made these fractured, disjointed paintings by \u201canalyzing\u201d an object or scene from every angle, and then painting a single composition that combines each viewpoint. This early style of Cubism is actually called Analytic Cubism. [PAR] Picasso went on to make collage-style works too, cutting out paper shapes and combining them on canvas. It was a natural extension of his Cubist painting style, eventually leading to many sculptural works as well. [PAR] And unlike many artists, Picasso lived long enough to reap the rewards of his fame. His place in history was already assured by the 1920\u2019s, and over the next fifty years as he continued to paint, sculpt, and create, his name truly became synonymous with modern art in the 20th century. [PAR] Pablo Picasso died at the age of 92 in 1973. [PAR] \u2605Help share this post[DOC] [TLE] Georges Braque Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works | The ... Georges Braque Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works | The Art Story [PAR] Web Services & Hosting by The Computer Studio | Designed by DesArtLab [PAR] Cubism [PAR] Cubism [PAR] Cubism was developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque between 1907-1911, and it continued to be highly influential long after its decline. This classic phase has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martin Amis | Books | The Guardian Martin Amis | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The Guardian [PAR] Close [PAR] 1949- [PAR] \"I have a god-like relationship with the world I've created. It is exactly analogous. There is creation and resolution, and it's all up to me.\" [PAR] Birthplace [PAR] Swansea, South Wales [PAR] Education [PAR] A swift series of crammers (he was described by one headmaster as \"unusually unpromising\") and Exeter College, Oxford. [PAR] Other jobs [PAR] Editorial assistant on the Times Literary Supplement; literary editor at the New Statesman [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] He worked on the script for Tim Burton's Mars Attacks! \"I rather liked the film,\" he commented, \"though it contained not a word I wrote.\" [PAR] Critical verdict [PAR] All his critics have noted what Kingsley Amis complained of as a \"terrible compulsive vividness in his style... that constant demonstrating of his command of English\"; and it's true that the Amis-ness of Amis will be recognisable in any piece before he reaches his first full stop. His standing has fallen a little recently; John Updike lamented Night Train's \"post-human\" quality, while Heavy Water contained, along with episodes of mature brilliance, some old pieces and recycled ideas. [PAR] Recommended works [PAR] The Rachel Papers is an exuberant piece of self-conscious juvenilia; Money is perhaps his best book, but London Fields the most compulsive. [PAR] Influences [PAR] Admits to the biggies: Saul Bellow, Vladimir Nabokov, James Joyce. [PAR] Now read on [PAR] He has spawned a host of down-and-dirty impersonators: \"People try to write like Martin,\" admits Julian Barnes. \"There's something very infectious and competitive about it.\" Perhaps the nearest thing to an Amis successor is Will Self, though Zadie Smith echoes his prose rhythms. [PAR] Adaptations [PAR] The Rachel Papers (1989, dir Damien Harris) was a solid, unflashy adaptation of Amis's first novel, with Dexter Fletcher, Ione Skye and James Spader. Amis also wrote Saturn 3 (1980, dir Stanley Donen), a critically slated sci-fi featuring the bizarre pairing of Farrah Fawcett and Harvey Keitel. [PAR] Recommended biography [PAR] He has written an acclaimed memoir, Experience, about his relationship with his father Kingsley Amis, his own writing career and his traumatic dentistry. It is also an intimate portrait of fractures and healing in his family life, including the discovery of a long-lost daughter and the disappearance and murder of his cousin. [PAR] Criticism [PAR] Novelist Adam Mars-Jones' Venus Envy has some perceptive things to say about Amis and his contemporaries. [PAR] Useful links and work online [PAR] Work online"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michelangelo - Name Meaning, What does Michelangelo mean? Michelangelo - Name Meaning, What does Michelangelo mean? [PAR] What does Michelangelo mean? [PAR] Michelangelo [PAR] [ mi chelan-ge-lo] as a boys' name. Combined form of Michael (Hebrew) \"who is like God?\" and Angelo (Greek) \"messenger\". Use, mostly Italian, probably refers to Michelangelo Buonarroti, the great Italian Renaissance sculptor-artist. [PAR] Associated with: greek , messenger (prophet), great , renaissance (medieval). [PAR] Variations [PAR] 1 different relation via Michael: Michaelangelo . [PAR] Creative forms: [PAR] Michelangelo Augustus (M.A.), .. [PAR] How popular is Michelangelo? [PAR] Michelangelo is an uncommon given name for men and an equally unique surname for both adults and children. (2000 U.S. Census) [PAR] Michelangelo entered the list in 2014 and reached its peak position of #1910 in the U.S. in 2015. (Top Baby Names, 2015) [PAR] Which version is better? [PAR] with similar and related boy names. Michael (#9 from current records), Angelo (#298) and Michaelangelo are the prominent alternative forms of Michelangelo (#1910 from current records). These forms of Michelangelo were at the apex of their popularity 65 years ago (usage of 4.2%) and have become significantly less popular since (usage 0.8%, down 80.3%), with the form Michael falling out of fashion. Angelo is the most contemporarily stylish name for newborns in this list."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Author Interview: Frank Cottrell Boyce talks about writing ... Author Interview: Frank Cottrell Boyce talks about writing a sequel to Ian Fleming's childrens story Chitty Chitty Bang Bang :: Interviews :: MI6 :: James Bond 007 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Author Frank Cottrell Boyce answers questions about penning a modern-day follow up to Ian Fleming's children's story Chitty Chitty Bang Bang... [PAR] Author Interview [PAR] 10th April 2012 [PAR] The original book, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang: The Magical Car, published in 1964 with illustrations by John Burningham, was based on bedtime stories Ian Fleming (James Bond's creator) told to his son, Caspar. Now the first-ever follow-up to Ian Fleming\u2019s only children\u2019s story has made a splash in the UK and USA. Fueled by wry humor, this much-anticipated sequel to Fleming\u2019s beloved classic \u2014 featuring a contemporary family and a camper van with a mind of its own \u2014 is driven by best-selling, award-winning author Frank Cottrell Boyce and revved up by Joe Berger\u2019s black-and-white illustrations. [PAR] What was it like to take on such a well-known and beloved story? Did you have any reservations about resurrecting a classic, or was it full-throttle enthusiasm to dive in? [PAR] If someone said that you could take their fabulous 23-liter vintage racing car out for a spin, wouldn\u2019t you be nervous? But wouldn\u2019t you also say, \u201cYes, please!\u201d [PAR] The members of the Tooting family are pretty eccentric, How did you come up with those characters? Are they modeled after anyone in your own family? [PAR] No! I'll never write about my own family. As far as I remember, the Tooting family was just there at the side of the road when I went out for that ride. They were thumbing a lift, and I always stop for hitchhikers. [PAR] Did you have to do any research on vintage automobiles or on cars in general to write this book? How did that help you to literally and figuratively bring Chitty Chitty Bang Bang back to life? [PAR] Discovering that Chitty Chitty Bang Bang was a real car \u2014 and that it was really called Chitty Chitty Bang Bang \u2014 was a great moment for me. I\u2019ve really been able to play with the fact that some of the people in the story \u2014 such as Count Zborowski \u2014 were real people. [PAR] Do you plan to turn Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Flies Again into a series? When can we expect more adventures with the Tooting family? [PAR] Yes, I\u2019m already writing the next book. If you think I\u2019m putting this car back in the garage yet, you\u2019re dreaming! It\u2019s still my turn! [PAR] When writing children\u2019s books, do you keep your own children in mind? Do you let them read some of your first drafts to get a review of how the book is going? [PAR] Not normally, but on this occasion, yes. It\u2019s because Chitty doesn\u2019t belong to me \u2014 she belongs to everyone. So I thought it was only right to get my children to kick the tires and listen for any strange knocking sounds from the engine. They\u2019ve been really helpful. [PAR] Did you have a movie version of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Flies Again in mind when you wrote the book? [PAR] I\u2019m really hoping we can make a movie out of this. It would be such a lark.[DOC] [TLE] Did You Know About These 10 Children\u2019s Books by Classic ... Did You Know About These 10 Children\u2019s Books by Classic Authors :: Bibliocrunch [PAR] Did You Know About These 10 Children\u2019s Books by Classic Authors [PAR] Published"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wuthering Heights - Wikisource, the free online library Wuthering Heights - Wikisource, the free online library [PAR] Wuthering Heights [PAR] sister projects : Wikipedia article , data item . [PAR] Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Bront\u00eb , written between October 1845 and June 1846, and published in 1847 under the pseudonym \"Ellis Bell.\" It was her first and only published novel: she died aged 30 the following year. The decision to publish came after the success of her sister Charlotte 's novel, Jane Eyre . After Emily's death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of Wuthering Heights, and arranged for the edited version to be published as a posthumous second edition in 1850. [PAR] Wuthering Heights is the eponymous farmhouse on the Yorkshire moors where the story unfolds. Its core theme is the enduring love between the heroine, Catherine Earnshaw, and her father's adopted son, Heathcliff, and how it eventually destroys their lives and the lives of those around them. Although Wuthering Heights is now widely regarded as a classic of English literature, it received mixed reviews when first published, and was considered controversial because its depiction of mental and physical cruelty was so unusually stark, and it challenged strict Victorian ideals of the day, including religious hypocrisy, morality, social classes and gender inequality."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscar Wilde in America :: I Have Nothing To Declare Except ... Oscar Wilde in America :: I Have Nothing To Declare Except My Genius [PAR] DUBIOUS QUOTATION: I have nothing to declare except my genius. [PAR] There is no primary source evidence that Wilde made this statement. [PAR] commentary [PAR] One of the most celebrated quotations by anyone is the remark attributed to Oscar Wilde at New York Customs at the start of his lecture tour of America in 1882. [PAR] But what exactly did he say, and what is the source of the quotation? [PAR] Until my research some years ago the earliest source typically cited (if a source was given at all) was Frank Harris' Oscar Wilde: His Life and Confessions (1916), Vol. 1, Chap. V. For example, this is the source given in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (1999) p. 819, and in Beckson . [PAR] However, in 2002 (in a review for the OWSOA now superseded by this article) I identified what is still the earliest known allusion to the remark in print or otherwise. It appeared in a book published by Arthur Ransome a year earlier than Harris; the source is: [PAR] The date of this book (1912) immediately provides us with a primary reason for doubt: [PAR] The first reference to the quotation appeared thirty years after it was allegedly made. [PAR] Not only is it suspicious that it took thirty years for the quotation to emerge, it is equally surprising that there is no contemporary evidence for it, as many of Wilde's remarks were seized upon by the press in 1882 and widely, often immediately, reported. [PAR] There is also no mention of it in interviews given by Wilde, including approximately a hundred given to American journalists in 1882, many soon after his arrival where he was widely quoted. Neither does Wilde make any reference to the remark in any of the over 1500 letters of his that survive, including those at the time from New York that are often detailed. Indeed, there is no other written or oral record of the remark by anyone else during Wilde's time. [PAR] When Wilde died in November, 1900, it did not take long for the first biography to be published. This was: Oscar Wilde; the story of an unhappy friendship, (1902) by his devoted friend Robert Sherard. The biography does not mention the incident, but does report the \" disappointed in the Atlantic \" comment that Wilde did make upon arrival. [PAR] Another biography In Memoriam, Oscar Wilde (1905) by Andr\u00e9 Gide, Franz Blei, and Ernest La Jeunesse, refers to Wilde's genius several times (pp. 49, 87, 91, 101) and even quotes Wilde on French customs officers (p. 55); but still there is no mention of the New York incident. The only biographical references to the remark are post-Ransome. So it is to him we must return. Below is what Ransome wrote and, unfortunately, he gave no source: [PAR] [PAR] Arthur Ransome (1884-1967) [PAR] Arthur Michell Ransome was an English author and journalist, best known for the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. [PAR] Ransome wasn't alive at the time of the alleged remark and, indeed, never met Wilde. In 1912, he wrote his Critical Study of Wilde with the assistance and support of Robert Ross, Wilde's literary executor. [PAR] Can we take Ransome at face value? [PAR] On balance I believe we can take Ransome at face value. There is no reason to suspect that the unassuming son of a history professor would have fabricated the incident. After all, his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did Neil Armstrong really say, 'That's one small step for ... Did Neil Armstrong really say, 'That's one small step for a man'? - LA Times [PAR] Did Neil Armstrong really say, 'That's one small step for a man'? [PAR] Karen Kaplan [PAR] Neil Armstrong \u2019s most famous line \u2013 \u201cThat\u2019s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind,\u201d uttered after becoming the first person to set foot on the moon \u2013 contained one small error that became one giant annoyance to the NASA astronaut. [PAR] As Armstrong himself pointed out many times, the sentence is meaningful only if he says, \u201cThat\u2019s one small step for a man.\u201d He insisted that\u2019s what he said on July 20, 1969 \u2013 otherwise, there\u2019s no distinction between a single individual and all of humanity. [PAR] \"I think that reasonable people will realize that I didn't intentionally make an inane statement and that certainly the 'a' was intended, because that's the only way the statement makes any sense,\" Armstrong told biographer James Hansen, according to \"Moonshot,\" a terrific book about Apollo 11 by Brian Floca. [PAR] PHOTOS: Amazing images from space [PAR] Experts have scrutinized the audio file of Armstrong\u2019s historic transmission, searching for evidence of the missing \u201ca.\u201d Those efforts \u201chave yielded mixed opinions,\u201d according to a research team that weighs in on the controversy this week. [PAR] A team led by Laura Dilley , an assistant professor in the department of communicative sciences and disorders at Michigan State University , has taken a new approach to analyzing this historic sentence. The team studied the way that folks in Ohio pronounce the word \u201cfor\u201d and the phrase \u201cfor a.\u201d [PAR] In central Ohio, where Armstrong was raised, speakers have a tendency to blend the two words together. And previous studies of Armstrong\u2019s own speech \u201chave established well that if the word 'a' was spoken, it was very short and was fully blended acoustically with the preceding word,\u201d Dilley said in this story by Michigan State University Today. Coming out of Armstrong\u2019s mouth, the phrase \u201cfor a\u201d would have sounded like \u201cfrrr(uh),\u201d according to the story. [PAR] So Dilley and her colleagues turned to recordings of 40 people raised in Columbus, Ohio, about 90 miles southeast of Armstrong\u2019s native Wapakoneta. The recordings, part of the Buckeye Speech Corpus , included 191 cases of the phrase \u201cfor a.\u201d [PAR] It turned out that the length of the \u201cr\u201d sound was much the same when Ohioans said \u201cfor\u201d and \u201cfor a\u201d \u2013 a finding that seems to confirm Armstrong\u2019s version of events. [PAR] \"We've bolstered Neil Armstrong's side of the story,\" Dilley told MSU Today. \"We feel we've partially vindicated him. But we'll most likely never know for sure exactly what he said based on the acoustic information.\" [PAR] However, Dilley also noted that regardless of what Armstrong actually said, people are still more likely to hear the sentence without the crucial \u201ca.\u201d [PAR] The research team will present the results Friday morning at the International Congress on Acoustics meeting in Montreal. The study was funded by the National Science Foundation.[DOC] [TLE] Neil Armstrong's First Words on the Moon : snopes.com Neil Armstrong's First Words on the Moon : snopes.com [PAR] Claim: [PAR] Apollo 11 [PAR] astronaut Neil Armstrong flubbed his historic 'one small step' remark as he became the first man to set foot on the surface of the moon. [PAR] TRUE [PAR] Origins: English has no handy term for what the French call it esprit de l'escalier, and the Germans know as treppenwitz: the \"wit of the staircase,\" those clever"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kenneth Branagh - Biography - IMDb Kenneth Branagh - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Kenneth Branagh [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 98 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (71) | Personal Quotes (15) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Kenneth Charles Branagh was born on December 10, 1960, in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, to parents William Branagh, a plumber and carpenter born in 1930, and Frances (Harper) Branagh, also born in 1930. His brother, William Branagh Jr., was born in 1955 and sister, Joyce Branagh , was born in 1970. At 23, Branagh joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he took on starring roles in \"Henry V\" and \"Romeo and Juliet\". He soon found the RSC too large and impersonal and formed his own, the Renaissance Theatre Company, which now counts Prince Charles as one of its royal patrons. At 29, he directed and starred in the film Henry V (1989), which costarred his then-wife, Emma Thompson . The film brought him Best Actor and Best Director Oscar nominations. In 1993, he brought Shakespeare to mainstream audiences again with his hit adaptation of Much Ado About Nothing (1993), which featured an all-star cast that included Denzel Washington and Keanu Reeves . At 30, he published his autobiography and, at 34, he directed and starred as \"Victor Frankenstein\" in the big-budget adaptation of Mary Shelley 's novel, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994), with Robert De Niro as the monster himself. The bad reviews may have had some effect on his marriage, though, because, in October 1995, he and Thompson announced their plans to divorce. In 1996, Branagh wrote, directed and starred in a lavish adaptation of Hamlet (1996). In recent years, he starred in a series of non-Bard-related roles in Celebrity (1998), Wild Wild West (1999), and as a voice in The Road to El Dorado (2000). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: TrendEkiD@aol.com [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Frequently casts his ex-wife Emma Thompson [PAR] Frequently gives small roles to Patrick Doyle , his composer [PAR] Frequently works with Director of Photography Roger Lanser , with whom he has made eight films. [PAR] Trivia (71) [PAR] Originally cast as the lead in Amadeus (1984) before the production company decided on casting American actors in the leading roles. [PAR] Educated at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), London [PAR] Grew up in poverty in the shadow of a tobacco factory in Belfast. [PAR] At age 23, he became the youngest actor in the Royal Shakespeare Company to ever play the lead in Shakespeare's \"Henry V\". [PAR] Co-founded the Renaissance Theatre Company with David Parfitt , with Prince Charles as a royal patron. [PAR] Youngest actor to receive the Golden Quill (Gielgud Award), 2000. [PAR] He allegedly declined the C.B.E. (Commander of the order of the British Empire) in 1994. [PAR] He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1983 (1982 season) for Most Promising Newcomer for his performance in \"Another Country\". [PAR] Was one of the directors considered for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004). He had appeared in the previous film, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002). [PAR] He was nominated for a 2004 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Actor of 2003 for his performance in \"Edmond\" at the Royal National Theatre: Olivier Stage. [PAR] He was awarded the 1988 London Critics Circle Theatre Award (Drama Theatre Award) for Special Award. [PAR] He was nominated for a 2004 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold Wilson - Wikiquote Harold Wilson - Wikiquote [PAR] Harold Wilson [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] This Party needs to protect itself against the activities of small groups of inflexible political persuasion, extreme so-called left and in a few cases extreme so-called moderates, having in common only their arrogant dogmatism. [PAR] James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx , KG, OBE, FRS, PC ( 11 March 1916 \u2013 24 May 1995 ) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970, and again from 1974 to 1976. He had an impressive educational background, becoming an Oxford don at 21 and working as a war time civil servant; he was made a government minister immediately after he was elected to Parliament. As Leader of the Labour Party he moved the party towards a technocratic approach and appeared more in tune with the 'swinging sixties'; however his government was beset by economic difficulties and he was unexpectedly defeated in 1970. His return to office with a tiny majority in the mid-1970s saw a referendum which endorsed British membership of the European Communities. He resigned suddenly in 1976, and in his retirement suffered from Alzheimers' disease. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Sourced[ edit ] [PAR] On 5 September, when the TUC unanimously rejected wage restraint, it was the end of an era, and all the financiers, all the little gnomes in Z\u00fcrich and other finance centres about whom we keep on hearing, had started to make their dispositions in regard to sterling. [PAR] Hansard, House of Commons, 5th series, vol. 560, col. 579. [PAR] Speech in the House of Commons (12 November 1956); often quoted as \"gnomes of Z\u00fcrich\". [PAR] In all our plans for the future, we are re-defining and we are re-stating our Socialism in terms of the scientific revolution. But that revolution cannot become a reality unless we are prepared to make far-reaching changes in economic and social attitudes which permeate our whole system of society. The Britain that is going to be forged in the white heat of this revolution will be no place for restrictive practices or for outdated methods on either side of industry. [PAR] Usually quoted as \"the white heat of the technological revolution\". Speech at Labour Party conference, October 1, 1963. Labour Party Annual Conference Report, 1963, pages 139-140. [PAR] Hughie, get your tanks off my lawn. [PAR] Statement to trade union leader Hugh Scanlon (c.1969), as quoted in \"Lord Scanlon\" in The Telegraph (28 January 2004) [PAR] The government have only a small majority in the House of Commons. I want to make it quite clear that this will not affect our ability to govern. Having been charged with the duties of Government we intend to carry out those duties. [PAR] David Butler, Coalitions in British Politics (Macmillan, London, 1978), p. 99. [PAR] Television broadcast, October 1964, after winning the general election . [PAR] Smethwick Conservatives can have the satisfaction of having topped the poll, of having sent a Member who, until another election returns him to oblivion, will serve his time here as a Parliamentary leper. [PAR] Hansard, House of Commons, 5th series, vol. 701, col. 71. [PAR] Speech in the House of Commons, 3 November, 1964. The 1964 general election had seen the defeat of Wilson's Shadow Foreign Secretary Patrick Gordon Walker by Conservative Peter Griffiths after an allegedly racist campaign. Griffiths was indeed defeated at the next election but returned to Parliament in 1979 and served until 1997. [PAR] I know I speak for everyone in these islands, all parties, all our people, when I say to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse ! - Shakespeare ... A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse! - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse! [PAR] King Richard: [PAR] A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse! [PAR] Catesby: [PAR] Withdraw, my lord; I'll help you to a horse. [PAR] King Richard: [PAR] Slave! I have set my life upon a cast, [PAR] And I will stand the hazard of the die. [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] Alternately pathetic and arrogant, the hunchbacked villain-king Richard III is about to meet his doom at the hands of the future Henry VII. Richard's most memorable line is actually supposed to sound halfway valiant\u2014he refuses to forsake the fray although his horse has bit the dust. But even in its day, the line became the stuff of irreverent quotation. Shakespeare's contemporary, the playwright, satirist, and cad John Marston, parodied Richard's outcry obsessively (\"A boat, a boat, a boat, a full hundred marks for a boat!\"; \"A fool, a fool, a fool, my coxcomb for a fool!\"\u2014a coxcomb is a fool's cap). Marston set the decidedly less than hilarious pace for generations of wits: the line is always good for a cheap laugh.[DOC] [TLE] Shakespeare and Horses - A horse! a horse! my kingdom for ... Shakespeare and Horses - A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse! [PAR] [PAR] Shakespeare and Horses [PAR] It is clear that the horse was one of Shakespeare's favorite animals. His appreciation of the grace, strength and loyalty of horses is evident in the care he took to name so many of the horses mentioned in the plays -- Barbary, Capilet, Dobbin, Surrey, Galathe, Curtal -- and in the intense feelings horses kindle in his characters. The following is a collection of Shakespearean quotations on horses, including the most famous of them all from Richard III: \"A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!\" [PAR] ___ [PAR] DAUPHIN. What a long night is this! I will not change my [PAR] horse with any that treads but on four pasterns. [PAR] Ca, ha! he bounds from the earth, as if his [PAR] entrails were hairs; le cheval volant, the Pegasus, [PAR] chez les narines de feu! When I bestride him, I [PAR] soar, I am a hawk: he trots the air; the earth [PAR] sings when he touches it; the basest horn of his [PAR] hoof is more musical than the pipe of Hermes. [PAR] ORLEANS. He's of the colour of the nutmeg. [PAR] DAUPHIN. And of the heat of the ginger. It is a beast for [PAR] Perseus: he is pure air and fire; and the dull [PAR] elements of earth and water never appear in him, but [PAR] only in Patient stillness while his rider mounts [PAR] him: he is indeed a horse; and all other jades you [PAR] may call beasts. [PAR] GROOM. I was a poor groom of thy stable, king, [PAR] When thou wert king; who, travelling towards York, [PAR] With much ado at length have gotten leave [PAR] To look upon my sometimes royal master's face. [PAR] O, how it yearn'd my heart when I beheld [PAR] In London streets, that coronation-day, [PAR] When Bolingbroke rode on roan Barbary, [PAR] That horse that thou so often hast bestrid, [PAR] That horse that I so carefully have dress'd! [PAR] KING RICHARD II. Rode he on Barbary? Tell me, gentle friend, [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mae West - Wikiquote Mae West - Wikiquote [PAR] Mae West [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Why don't you come up sometime and see me? [PAR] When I'm good, I'm very good. When I'm bad, I'm better. [PAR] When you got the personality, you don't need the nudity. [PAR] Goodness had nothing to do with it, dearie. [PAR] Response to an exclamation, \"Goodness! What lovely diamonds!\" in Night After Night (1932). She later used Goodness had nothing to do with it as the title of her autobiography (1953). [PAR] Why don't you come up sometime and see me? \u2026 Come on up, I'll tell your fortune. [PAR] She Done Him Wrong (1933) [PAR] Beulah, Peel me a grape. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] I only like two kinds of men, domestic and imported. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] When I'm good, I'm very good. When I'm bad, I'm better. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] Interview in Life magazine (18 April 1969) [PAR] It's not the men in your life that matters, it's the life in your men. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] Between two evils, I generally like to pick the one I never tried before. [PAR] Klondike Annie (1936) Sometimes quoted as: \"When choosing between two evils, I always like to try the one I've never tried before.\"' [PAR] A man in the house is worth two in the street. [PAR] Belle of the Nineties [PAR] When women go wrong, men go right after them. [PAR] She Done Him Wrong [PAR] One and one is two; two and two is four; and \"five will get you ten\" if you work it right! [PAR] My Little Chickadee [PAR] I feel like a million tonight. But one at a time. [PAR] Myra Breckinridge [PAR] To a young actor: How tall are you without your horse? Six foot, seven inches. Never mind the six feet. Let's talk about the seven inches! [PAR] Myra Breckinridge [PAR] I'm the kinda girl who works for Paramount by day, and Fox all night [PAR] Sextette [PAR] To her British lover about to climb in bed with 80-something Mae: She said that she hoped soon to be able to say what Paul Revere said \u2014 'The British are coming'. This was the last one-liner Mae ever uttered on film. [PAR] Sextette [PAR] When you got the personality, you don't need the nudity. [PAR] Quoted in \"For Women, Monologues They Haven't Heard\" by Susan Pomerance, Dramaline Publications (1985) [PAR] Marriage is a fine institution, but I'm not ready for an institution. [PAR] #149 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] Give a man a free hand and he'll run it all over you. [PAR] #684 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] I've been in more laps than a napkin. [PAR] #685 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] She's the kind of girl who climbed the ladder of success wrong by wrong. [PAR] #832 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] I've always had a weakness for foreign affairs.[DOC] [TLE] When I'm good, I'm very good. But when I'm bad I'm better ... When I'm good, I'm very good. But when I'm bad I'm better. - Mae West - BrainyQuote [PAR] When I'm good, I'm very good. But when I'm bad I'm better. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Mae West [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vatican paper says 'The Simpsons' are okely dokely ... Vatican paper says 'The Simpsons' are okely dokely - Boston.com [PAR] Vatican paper says 'The Simpsons' are okely dokely [PAR] December 22, 2009 [PAR] Add a personal message:(80 character limit) [PAR] Your E-mail: [PAR] | [PAR] Text size \u2013 + [PAR] VATICAN CITY\u2014To put it as the devout Ned Flanders would, the Vatican's newspaper thinks \"The Simpsons\" are an okely dokely bunch. [PAR] L'Osservatore Romano on Tuesday congratulated the show on its 20th anniversary, praising its philosophical leanings as well as its stinging and often irreverent take on religion. [PAR] Without Homer Simpson and the other yellow-skinned characters \"many today wouldn't know how to laugh,\" said the article titled \"Aristotle's Virtues and Homer's Doughnut.\" [PAR] The paper credited \"The Simpsons\" -- the longest-running American animated program -- with opening up cartoons to an adult audience. [PAR] The show is based on \"realistic and intelligent writing,\" it said, though it added there was some reason to criticize its \"excessively crude language, the violence of certain episodes or some extreme choices by the scriptwriters.\" [PAR] Religion, from the snore-evoking sermons of the Rev. Lovejoy to Homer's face-to-face talks with God, appears so frequently on the show that it could be possible to come up with a \"Simpsonian theology,\" it said. [PAR] Homer's religious confusion and ignorance are \"a mirror of the indifference and the need that modern man feels toward faith,\" the paper said. [PAR] It commented on several religion-themed episodes, including one in which Homer calls for divine intervention by crying: \"I'm not normally a religious man, but if you're up there, save me, Superman!\" [PAR] \"Homer finds in God his last refuge, even though he sometimes gets His name sensationally wrong,\" L'Osservatore said. \"But these are just minor mistakes, after all, the two know each other well.\" [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright 2009 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. [PAR] LOG IN TO COMMENT"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beryl the Peril : definition of Beryl the Peril and ... Beryl the Peril : definition of Beryl the Peril and synonyms of Beryl the Peril (English) [PAR] Publication history [PAR] Creation and concept [PAR] Beryl the Peril first appeared in the first issue of The Topper in 1953. She was created to be a female equivalent to The Beano 's Dennis the Menace . Davey Law , her artist and creator, drew inspiration from his daughter, whom would often pull faces during her tantrums. [1] The strips were similar in concept to the Dennis the Menace ones in that she would cause chaos through menacing her neighbours, parents and school teachers. In 1958, Beryl was chosen as one of the few of D.C. Thomson's characters to earn an annual all to herself, consisting solely from reprints in past years. [PAR] Retirement of Law and rise in popularity [PAR] When Law retired in 1970 her strip was taken over by John Dallas . Her costume changed at some point in the mid 1980s from her red top underneath a black dress to a blue and white striped jumper underneath a red dress. In 1986 she became The Topper's front page star, replacing Tricky Dicky . Her dog Pearl was also introduced shortly before that time, although before that she had a pet turkey called Gobbler. In 1987 Robert Nixon took over, a cartoonist who followed in the steps of noted cartoonist Ken Reid , and her overall look became smoother and fuller. She also appeared far less like Dennis the Menace and seemed far more individual as a character. She remained with the comic when The Topper merged with The Beezer in 1990. [PAR] Move to The Dandy [PAR] The Beezer and Topper was canceled in 1993, and Beryl joined The Dandy comic. To mark celebration with her joining the comic, Beryl shares the spotlight with Desperate Dan on the 1994 Dandy Annual. [PAR] In the 1999 Dandy Annual, Beryl's strip depicted her breaking the fourth wall in talking to her artist. In the strip, she requests to become invisible to which the artist somewhat resentfully obliges. She then gets up to 'Perils' but soon finds that being invisible is far more painful than she initially thought. [PAR] Karl Dixon's Revamp [PAR] In 1999, the strip was taken over by Ollie Fliptrik artist Karl Dixon as Nixon had to go into semi-retirement due to health problems. A year or two later, Beryl was revamped. She reverted back to her black and red clothes and her hairstyle became much more like that of Dennis the Menace - but her pigtails remained. She regained many of her Dennis influenced traits as well such as the famous \"behind the nose\" grin and constant scowl. Beryl also attended Dennis the Menace's 50th birthday party, although she was a latecomer so she didn't actually participate in any of the party games or fights prior. [PAR] Beryl disappeared for a while after the October 2004 Dandy relaunch. Bar one appearance in December that year, she returned from issue 3302, dated 12 March 2005. [PAR] As revealed in The Dandy dated 3 March 2006, Steve Bright had taken over Beryl as artist and she had now reverted back to how she was drawn by David Law , and had gone through another costume change - a baggy green and red t-shirt with baggy black jeans and trainers. However, she disappeared when The Dandy relaunched in August 2007. She later re-appeared for four issues, but as reprints from the Nixon era. [PAR] Pass the Peril [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts About Big Ben - BigBenFacts BigBenFacts [PAR] Which date is Big Ben's birthday? [PAR] Big Ben has several birthdays! [PAR] Big Ben was cast on 10th April 1858 (Birthday #1); the Great Clock started working on 31st May 1859 (Birthday #2); and Big Ben first chimed the hour on 11th July 1859 (Birthday #3). [PAR] Is there going to be a birthday party? [PAR] We hope so! We think Big Ben deserves a fireworks display and a big birthday cake (chocolate, of course). You can find out more about the official plans to celebrate Big Ben's anniversary on Parliament's website ( click here ). [PAR] Why not make your own birthday party for Big Ben! Tell your friends about this website and get them to join in the \"virtual\" birthday party. [PAR] How old is Big Ben? [PAR] He was cast on 10th April 1858, so he's 151 years old. [PAR] Is Big Ben one of Britain\u2019s famous landmarks? [PAR] Yesirree! Without a doubt, Big Ben is a very famous \u2013 and beloved \u2013 British landmark; he was voted #1 in a 2008 survey. [PAR] Where is Big Ben located? [PAR] Big Ben is the giant bell in the belfry of the Clock Tower at the Palace of Westminster [PAR] What is the name of the Bell? [PAR] Big Ben! [PAR] Who named Big Ben? [PAR] Londoners did. SUPPOSEDLY, the bell was going to be named Victoria after Queen Victoria, but Londoners started calling the bell \"Big Ben\" and the name stuck. (Giving nicknames is still a London custom -- just think about \"the Gherkin\"!) [PAR] Where was Big Ben made? When was Big Ben made? [PAR] Big Ben was cast at Whitechapel Bell Foundry, in East London, on 10th April 1858. It took him two weeks to cool, and once he was ready, they transported him to Westminster on a horse drawn carriage. Londoners lined the route and cheered as the bell went past. [PAR] How much does Big Ben weigh? [PAR] He weighs about 13 and a half tons, about the same as a small elephant. [PAR] How tall is Big Ben? How wide is Big Ben? [PAR] Big Ben is 2.28 metres tall (7 feet six inches) and 2.75 metres wide (9 feet). That's right -- he's wider than he is tall! [PAR] How loud is Big Ben? [PAR] If you're standing in the belfry when it rings, you can feel the vibration all the way from your head to your toes. [PAR] Can you hear Big Ben inside the Houses of Parliament? [PAR] Yes, if you listen. But it's not as loud as you'd think. It's actually easier to hear it OUTSIDE! [PAR] What materials is Big Ben made out of? [PAR] Tin and copper, plus pieces of the old Big Ben, which was broken up after it cracked. [PAR] What colour is Big Ben? [PAR] Kind of grey, with some green marks and a bit of old pigeon poo. [PAR] Does the clapper inside ever need to be replaced? [PAR] Big Ben doesn't have a clapper. He hangs very still from the belfry, and he is struck by a hammer from the outside. [PAR] Who owns Big Ben? [PAR] You do! [PAR] If you are a citizen of the UK, and if you pay taxes, you are one of the owners of Big Ben. In fact, you own the whole clock tower and the Houses of Parliament too! [PAR] How much is Big Ben worth? [PAR] We think he's priceless. [PAR] But we're checking with the Whitechapel Bell Foundry to find out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Courts on playing cards - Madore Courts on playing cards [PAR] Courts on playing cards [PAR] WebLog [PAR] Important note: I believe the images shown here are in the public domain (because playing cards have been around for so long, even in their present form\u2026), so you're free to copy them and use them to whatever purpose you see fit. At least as far as I'm concerned, you're welcome to. However, do not link to the images directly on this server: rather, make your own copy of the file and upload it where you will. I'm saying this because I'm really annoyed with all the people linking to these images on this server from their MySpace profile, avatars on various webforums, etc. [PAR] Kings [PAR] Spades [PAR] Called \u201cDavid\u201d on the French deck, probably after the biblical character. He holds a scepter in one hand, and a harp is visible below it (confirming the biblical attribution). He faces forward, a little to the left. On the English deck, he holds a sword. He faces forward, a little to the right. [PAR] Hearts [PAR] Called \u201cCharles\u201d on the French deck, probably after Charles the Great (Charlemagne) \u2014 or perhaps after French king Charles VII. He holds a sword. He faces forward, a little to the right. On the English deck, he also holds a sword (above his head), and both his hands are visible. Unlike the other kings, he does not have a mustache. He faces forward, a little to the left. [PAR] Diamonds [PAR] Called \u201cC\u00e9sar\u201d on the French deck, probably after Julius C\u00e6sar. He has no distinguishing attribute, and no visible hands. He faces right, and is seen in profile. On the English deck, he has an axe behind him, and one hand sticking in front of him. He faces left, and is seen in profile. [PAR] Clubs [PAR] Called \u201cAlexandre\u201d on the French deck, probably after Alexander the Great. He holds a scepter in one hand, with a shield (?) just below it. He faces forward, a little to the right. On the English deck, he holds a sword in his hand, with an imperial orb just beside it (seemingly floating in air). He faces forward, a little to the left. [PAR] Queens [PAR] Spades [PAR] Called \u201cPallas\u201d on the French deck, possibly after the Greek goddess Athena. She faces left, and is seen in profile. On the English deck, she is the only queen with a scepter. She faces forward, a little to the right. [PAR] Hearts [PAR] Called \u201cJudith\u201d on the French deck, probably after the biblical character (or perhaps after Judith of Bavaria). She faces forward, a little to the left. On the English deck, she also faces forward, a little to the left (she is not reversed with respect to the French deck). [PAR] Diamonds [PAR] Called \u201cRachel\u201d on the French deck, possibly after the biblical character. She faces forward, a little to the right. On the English deck, she faces forward, a little to the left. [PAR] Clubs [PAR] Called \u201cArgine\u201d on the French deck, an anagram of latin \u201cregina\u201d (\u201cqueen\u201d); some have suggested that the name may (also) be related to the Greek Argos. She is the only queen not holding a flower. She faces forward, a little to the right. On the English deck, she does hold a flower like the other queens. She faces forward, a little to the left. [PAR] Jacks (knaves) [PAR] Spades [PAR] Called \u201cHogier\u201d on the French deck: origin is uncertain, but perhaps after Ogier the Dane from the [PAR] Song of Rolland [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1964 \u2013 Cassius Clay changes his name to Muhammad Ali ... 1964 \u2013 Cassius Clay changes his name to Muhammad Ali | Action Speaks [PAR] 1964 \u2013 Cassius Clay changes his name to Muhammad Ali [PAR] Home \u00bb Radio Show \u00bb 2007 \u00bb 1964 \u2013 Cassius Clay changes his name to Muhammad Ali [PAR] http://actionspeaksradio.org/wp-content/uploads/2007_MuhammadAli.mp3 [PAR] After winning the heavyweight championship in 1964, Cassius Clay publicly changed his name to Muhammad Ali and revealed that he was a member of the Nation of Islam. Always outspoken but widely liked, the champion\u2019s name change turned Ali into one of the most recognizable and controversial figures of our time. Why was the name and religion change so threatening to a nation so supposedly supportive of religious freedom? What was the perception of the Nation of Islam before and after the announcement? What is the legacy of Ali for both black and white American athletes and society in general? [PAR] PANELISTS: [PAR] Ernest Allen Jr. is a professor in the W.E.B. Du Bois Department of Afro-American Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. An author and filmmaker, he has written about Clarence Thomas, Louis Farrakhan, the Nation of Islam and the message and culture of hip hop among others. [PAR] Elliot Gorn, Ph.D. is an American Civilization and History Professor at Brown University and has previously taught at Purdue University, Miami University, and the University of Alabama. His extensive writing and research focuses on the US from early nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. Mr. Gorn has written on cultural topics such as sports, crime, and labor organizing, paying particular attention to how class and gender shape cultural forms. His last publication titled Dillinger\u2019s Wild Ride: The Year That Made America\u2019s Public Enemy Number One, chronicles the last tumultuous year of Dillinger\u2019s life. [PAR] Craig Robinson is the head coach of Brown University\u2019s men\u2019s basketball team. A two time Ivy League Player of the Year at Princeton University, Robinson was also awarded Ivy League Men\u2019s Basketball Coach of the Year his first season at Brown. After graduating from Princeton University with a degree in sociology, Robinson was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers and played a few seasons in the European Basketball League before beginning his coaching career. He came to Brown after six years at Northwestern University and a decade in the financial industry. [PAR] Click to download associated curriculum.[DOC] [TLE] Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Muhammad Ali\u2019s Early Years and Amateur Career [PAR] Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr., the elder son of Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912-1990) and Odessa Grady Clay (1917-1994), was born on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky . It was a red-and-white Schwinn that steered the future heavyweight champion to the sport of boxing. When his beloved bicycle was stolen, a tearful 12-year-old Clay reported the theft to Louisville police officer Joe Martin (1916-1996) and vowed to pummel the culprit. Martin, who was also a boxing trainer, suggested that the upset youngster first learn how to fight, and he took Clay under his wing. Six weeks later, Clay won his first bout in a split decision. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Muhammad Ali has appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated 38 times, second only to basketball great Michael Jordan. [PAR] By age 18 Clay had captured two national Golden Gloves titles, two Amateur Athletic Union national titles and 100 victories against eight losses. After graduating high school, he traveled to Rome and won the light heavyweight gold medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 53 Years Ago: The Beatles Release Their First Single ... The Story of the Beatles' First Single, 'Love Me Do' [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Fox Photos, Getty Images [PAR] Not all cultural revolutions take place overnight. Some begin with little fanfare and take a while to gather steam. That\u2019s exactly what happened on Oct. 5, 1962, when the Beatles released their first single, \u201cLove Me Do,\u201d in the U.K. [PAR] Written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney a few years earlier, \u201cLove Me Do\u201d was one of four songs the Beatles performed during their successful audition for George Martin several months earlier and slated for their debut single. However, Martin was dissatisfied with drummer Pete Best, who was subsequently fired. [PAR] His replacement, Ringo Starr , had barely had time to rehearse with the band by the time of their first session on Sept. 4. Martin asked that they re-record the song a week later with studio musician Andy White on drums. Starr played the tambourine. Still, the version with Starr behind the kit was chosen by their label, EMI, as the single, with White\u2019s version used for the U.S. release in the spring of 1964. [PAR] Though it hardly ranks as one of their best songs, \u201cLove Me Do\u201d is noted for Lennon\u2019s harmonica part, inspired by Delbert McClinton\u2019s playing on Bruce Channel\u2019s \u201cHey Baby,\u201d a big hit that summer. It also resulted in an added bonus. With no overdubbing, Lennon\u2019s harmonica playing meant that McCartney had to sing the a capella title line at the end of the verse by himself. Nerves caused McCartney\u2019s voice to shake, which only made the girls scream even more. [PAR] \u201cLove Me Do\u201d reached No. 17 on the U.K. charts, an unspectacular but respectable spot for an unknown group from Liverpool. But it was their second single, \u201cPlease Please Me,\u201d released in January 1963, that rocketed up the charts and kicked off the phenomenon that became known as Beatlemania. [PAR] Beatles Albums Ranked Worst to Best [PAR] Image of[DOC] [TLE] Please Please Me | The Beatles Please Please Me | The Beatles [PAR] Please Please Me [PAR] Twist And Shout [PAR] The Beatles' Please Please Me album was rush-released by Parlophone on 22nd March, 1963 to capitalise on the enormous success of the title track which had been the group's second single and their first no. 1 in the majority of UK charts. [PAR] Ten of the album's fourteen tracks were recorded in just one day - 11th February, 1963. These included a mixture of stage favourites and \"Lennon-McCartney originals\". The four remaining songs had been committed to tape in 1962 having formed the B-side of their debut release and both sides of their second single. A slightly later recording of 'Love Me Do' to that previously released, was selected for the album. This version would also appear on a subsequent EP and later still on an American # 1 single in 1964. [PAR] The iconic front cover shot was taken at the then headquarters of EMI Limited at 20 Manchester Square in London's West End in early 1963 by Angus McBean. EMI remained in the building until 1995 before moving to West London taking the famous balcony railing with them. [PAR] Given that the UK album chart in those days tended to be dominated by more 'adult' tastes such as film soundtracks and easy listening vocalists, it was a surprise when Please Please Me hit the top of the chart in May 1963 and remained there for thirty weeks before being replaced by With The Beatles. [PAR] Please Please Me"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 14 May 1988: The first FA Cup final penalty save ... 14 May 1988: The first FA Cup final penalty save | Football | The Guardian [PAR] 14 May 1988: The first FA Cup final penalty save [PAR] Dave Beasant made history when he captained Wimbledon to FA Cup victory over Liverpool in 1988 [PAR] Dave Beasant dives to his left to save a penalty from John Aldridge during the 1988 FA Cup final. Photograph: David Cannon/Allsport [PAR] Dave Beasant [PAR] Friday 14 May 2010 19.38 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 14 May 2010 19.38 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] It wasn't so easy for a goalkeeper to do his homework on the opposition's penalty-taker back then, but Liverpool were on TV more often than anybody else. I'd probably seen four or five of John Aldridge's penalties that season. He had this jinking run-up and if the keeper dived early he'd send it the other way, but if the keeper didn't move I'd noticed that he'd normally stick it to his left. [PAR] After training the day before the game we practised a few penalties, and I asked John Fashanu, who also liked to pass the ball that side, to take a few. Then it was back to the hotel. We had our evening meal and then we were sitting around, twiddling our fingers and getting bored. I think Alan Cork spoke to Bobby Gould to ask if we could go to the pub for a change of scenery, and probably for the first time in his life Bobby dug in his pockets and gave us some money. We went to a place called the Fox & Grapes on Wimbledon Common. It was full of Wimbledon fans. You should have seen their faces when the entire team walked in, the night before the FA Cup final. [PAR] A lot has been made of the noise we made in the tunnel before kick-off. We came out and Liverpool were just standing about, waiting \u2013 they'd been there many times and were perhaps a bit more relaxed. We were always quite vocal in trying to get ourselves pumped up for games. People say we won it in the tunnel, but I don't think it was like that at all. [PAR] Don Howe, the assistant manager, came up with a plan to put two men on John Barnes, who was having the season of his life, and that worked pretty well. We scored towards the end of the first half and they were pretty quiet until they got the penalty on the hour-mark. [PAR] Even at the time no one thought it was a good decision. The players were running around, devastated, and as captain I'm running around after them, trying to calm them down. It was boiling hot, and that was probably the most energetic thing I had to do all day. I remember standing on the goalline before the penalty, panting. [PAR] Andy Thorn used to stand behind the penalty-taker saying \"miss, miss, miss\". I don't know if that helped. Aldridge did exactly as I'd expected, I flung myself to my left and pushed the ball away. That was the moment when I thought, they're not going to score today. And maybe that's when they thought they weren't going to win it as well. [PAR] We collected the trophy, ran around the pitch, all the stuff we'd seen everyone else do on TV in previous years. We were living that dream. But when we got into the dressing room, we were knackered. People always say:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Actor Don Estelle buried BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Actor Don Estelle buried [PAR] Actor Don Estelle buried [PAR] Estelle enjoyed both an acting and singing career [PAR] It Ain't Half Hot Mum actor Don Estelle has been buried at a ceremony attended by former co-stars, alongside the army helmet he wore in the comedy series. [PAR] The diminutive actor and singer died earlier this month after a long illness at the age of 70. [PAR] The funeral was held in Estelle's home town of Rochdale, near Manchester. [PAR] Mourners at the service included comic Jimmy Cricket, who gave a reading, and former MP Sir Cyril Smith, according to the Daily Mirror. [PAR] Estelle, who was just 4ft 9ins (145cm) tall, had asked to be buried with the pith helmet he wore to play the character of gunner Lofty Sugden in the 1970s series It Ain't Half Hot Mum. [PAR] The helmet was placed upon the coffin as it was carried into the service by the pall-bearers. [PAR] Sir Cyril said: \"I was proud to have known him.\" [PAR] Estelle starred in the comedy series, which was set in Burma during World War II, for eight years. [PAR] As well as acting, Estelle also had a number one hit song with Whispering Grass, dueting with co-star Windsor Davies, who played the bullying sergeant-major in the show. [PAR] Touring [PAR] Born in Manchester, Estelle's career started in the choir of Holy Trinity Church in the town of Darwen, Lancashire, where he had been evacuated to during World War II. [PAR] He developed his music and comedic talents, touring first in the north of England club circuit, then throughout the UK when he teamed up with Windsor Davies. [PAR] He toured New Zealand and Australia repeatedly in the 1990s and continued to appear on stage in the UK. [PAR] In late 1999, he started recording a reworking on CD of the classic Laurel and Hardy movie song Trail of the Lonesome Pine, featuring Sir Cyril Smith. [PAR] Estelle recently had a cameo appearance in the cult TV comedy The League of Gentlemen.[DOC] [TLE] Windsor Davies & Don Estelle \u2014 Free listening, videos ... Windsor Davies & Don Estelle \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] 70s [PAR] Windsor Davies (born 28. August 1930) and Don Estelle (born Ronald Edwards 22. May 1933, died 2. August 2003) are best known from the British sitcom It ain't half hot mum (broadcast 1974-1981) Don Estelle playing the part of Gunner 'Lofty' Sugden had a powerful tenor voice and as a spin-off from the series Estelle, and his co-star, playing Battery Sergeant Major Williams, had a number one hit in the UK in 1975 with a version of Whispering Grass by\u2026 read more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Two-Letter and Three-Letter Scrabble Words - Phrontistery Two-Letter and Three-Letter Scrabble Words [PAR] ZA [PAR] Three-Letter Words [PAR] AAH AAL AAS ABA ABO ABS ABY ACE ACT ADD ADO ADS ADZ AFF AFT AGA AGE AGO AGS AHA AHI AHS AID AIL AIM AIN AIR AIS AIT ALA ALB ALE ALL ALP ALS ALT AMA AMI AMP AMU ANA AND ANE ANI ANT ANY APE APO APP APT ARB ARC ARE ARF ARK ARM ARS ART ASH ASK ASP ASS ATE ATT AUK AVA AVE AVO AWA AWE AWL AWN AXE AYE AYS AZO [PAR] BAA BAD BAG BAH BAL BAM BAN BAP BAR BAS BAT BAY BED BEE BEG BEL BEN BES BET BEY BIB BID BIG BIN BIO BIS BIT BIZ BOA BOB BOD BOG BOO BOP BOS BOT BOW BOX BOY BRA BRO BRR BUB BUD BUG BUM BUN BUR BUS BUT BUY BYE BYS [PAR] CAB CAD CAM CAN CAP CAR CAT CAW CAY CEE CEL CEP CHI CIG CIS COB COD COG COL CON COO COP COR COS COT COW COX COY COZ CRU CRY CUB CUD CUE CUM CUP CUR CUT CWM [PAR] DAB DAD DAG DAH DAK DAL DAM DAN DAP DAW DAY DEB DEE DEF DEL DEN DEV DEW DEX DEY DIB DID DIE DIF DIG DIM DIN DIP DIS DIT DOC DOE DOG DOL DOM DON DOR DOS DOT DOW DRY DUB DUD DUE DUG DUH DUI DUN DUO DUP DYE [PAR] EAR EAT EAU EBB ECU EDH EDS EEK EEL EFF EFS EFT EGG EGO EKE ELD ELF ELK ELL ELM ELS EME EMS EMU END ENG ENS EON ERA ERE ERG ERN ERR ERS ESS ETA ETH EVE EWE EYE [PAR] FAB FAD FAG FAN FAR FAS FAT FAX FAY FED FEE FEH FEM FEN FER FES FET FEU FEW FEY FEZ FIB FID FIE FIG FIL FIN FIR FIT FIX FIZ FLU FLY FOB FOE FOG FOH FON FOP FOR FOU FOX FOY FRO FRY FUB FUD FUG FUN FUR [PAR] GAB GAD GAE GAG GAL GAM GAN GAP GAR GAS GAT GAY GED GEE GEL GEM GEN GET GEY GHI GIB GID GIE GIG GIN GIP GIT GNU GOA GOB GOD GOO GOR GOS GOT GOX GOY GUL GUM GUN GUT GUV GUY GYM GYP [PAR] HAD HAE HAG HAH HAJ HAM HAO HAP HAS HAT HAW HAY HEH HEM HEN HEP HER HES HET HEW HEX HEY HIC HID HIE HIM HIN HIP HIS HIT HMM HOB HOD HOE HOG HON HOP HOS HOT HOW HOY HUB HUE HUG HUH HUM HUN HUP HUT HYP [PAR] ICE ICH ICK ICY IDS IFF IFS IGG ILK ILL IMP INK INN INS ION IRE IRK ISM ITS IVY [PAR] JAB JAG JAM JAR JAW JAY JEE JET JEU JEW JIB JIG JIN JOB JOE JOG JOT JOW JOY JUG JUN JUS JUT [PAR] KAB KAE KAF KAS KAT KAY KEA KEF KEG KEN KEP KEX KEY KHI KID KIF KIN KIP KIR KIS KIT KOA KOB KOI KOP KOR KOS KUE KYE [PAR] LAB LAC LAD LAG LAM LAP LAR LAS LAT LAV LAW LAX LAY LEA LED LEE LEG LEI LEK LES LET LEU LEV LEX LEY LEZ LIB LID LIE LIN LIP LIS LIT LOB LOG LOO LOP LOT LOW LOX LUG LUM LUV LUX LYE [PAR] MAC MAD MAE MAG MAN MAP MAR MAS MAT MAW MAX MAY MED MEG MEL MEM MEN MET MEW MHO MIB MIC MID MIG MIL MIM MIR MIS MIX MOA MOB MOC MOD MOG MOL MOM MON MOO MOP MOR MOS MOT MOW MUD MUG MUM MUN"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Italian word for \"scratched drawings\" is used commonly ... The Italian word for \"scratched drawings\" is used commonly in English. What is it? - thinkypedia.com [PAR] The Italian word for \"scratched drawings\" is used commonly in English. What is it? [PAR] westsidecity answers: [PAR] Not sure but i know that the term graffiti originally referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, etc found on the walls of ancient ruins, as in the Catacombs of Rome or at Pompeii. So i would say graffiti is a pretty sure bet."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of FALL (Meaning of FALL), a 4 Letter Word Definition of FALL (Meaning of FALL), a 4 Letter Word [PAR] Definition: [PAR] [PAR] [n] the act of surrendering (under agreed conditions); \"they were protected until the capitulation of the fort\" [PAR] [n] a sudden drop from an upright position; \"he had a nasty spill on the ice\" [PAR] [n] a lapse into sin; a loss of innocence or of chastity; \"a fall from virtue\" [PAR] [n] a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity; \"a drop of 57 points on the Dow Jones index\"; \"there was a drop in pressure in the pulmonary artery\"; \"when that became known the price of their stock went into free fall\" [PAR] [n] a free and rapid descent by the force of gravity; \"it was a miracle that he survived the drop from that height\" [PAR] [n] a movement downward; \"the rise and fall of the tides\" [PAR] [n] a sudden decline in strength or number or importance; \"the fall of the House of Hapsburg\" [PAR] [n] when a wrestler's shoulders are forced to the mat [PAR] [n] the lapse of mankind into sinfulness because of the sin of Adam and Eve; \"women have been blamed ever since the Fall\" [PAR] [n] a downward slope or bend [PAR] [n] the time of day immediately following sunset; \"he loved the twilight\"; \"they finished before the fall of night\" [PAR] [n] the season when the leaves fall from the trees; \"in the fall of 1973\" [PAR] [v] pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind; \"fall into a trap\"; \"She fell ill\"; \"They fell out of favor\"; \"Fall in love\"; \"fall asleep\"; \"fall prey to an imposter\"; \"fall into a strange way of thinking\"; \"she fell to pieces after she lost her work\" [PAR] [v] decrease in size, extent, or range; \"The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester\"; \"The cabin pressure fell dramatically\"; \"her weight fall to under a hundred pounds\"; \"his voice fell to a whisper\" [PAR] [v] come as if by falling; \"Night fell\"; \"Silence fell\" [PAR] [v] go as if by falling; \"Grief fell from our hearts\" [PAR] [v] occur at a specified time or place; \"Christmas falls on a Monday this year\"; \"The accent falls on the first syllable\" [PAR] [v] begin vigorously; \"The prisoners fell to work right away\" [PAR] [v] be born, used chiefly of lambs; \"The lambs fell in the afternoon\" [PAR] [v] come out; issue; \"silly phrases fell from her mouth\" [PAR] [v] be cast down; \"his eyes fell\" [PAR] [v] assume a disappointed or sad expression; \"Her face fell when she heard that she would be laid off\"; \"his crest fell\" [PAR] [v] fall or flow in a certain way; \"This dress hangs well\"; \"Her long black hair flowed down her back\" [PAR] [v] move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way; \"The temperature is going down\"; \"The barometer is falling\"; \"The curtain fell on the diva\"; \"Her hand went up and then fell again\" [PAR] [v] descend in free fall under the influence of gravity; \"The branch fell from the tree\"; \"The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse\" [PAR] [v] drop oneself to a lower or less erect position; \"She fell back in her chair\"; \"He fell to his knees\" [PAR] [v] lose an upright position suddenly; \"The vase fell over and the water spilled onto the table\"; \"Her hair fell across her forehead\" [PAR] [v] slope downward; \"The hills around here fall towards the ocean\" [PAR] [v] move in a specified direction; \"The line"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Three Words of the Bible: christianity The First Three Words of the Bible: christianity [PAR] The First Three Words of the Bible [PAR] Bereishit bara Elohim et hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz. In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. [PAR] Bereishit (\u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea)in Hebrew means \"at the head of.\" Since the first letter bet (\u05d1) is closed on three sides, and since Hebrew is read right to left, the midrash Bereishit Rabbah 1:10 says that interpretation can only go in the open direction, ie. don't worry about what came before. The three middle letters are the same word as in Rosh Hahanah (\"the head the year\"), the beginning of the year. Bara (\u05d1\u05e8\u05d0) means \"filled\" or \"fattened.\" Elohim (\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd) is a name of God. [PAR] Some Christians see even more in these first three words of the Bible. The first letter of the sentence, bet \u05d1, is the first letter of ben (son). The second letter of the sentence, resh \u05e8, is the first letter of ruach (spirit, breath). The third letter of the sentence, alef \u05d0, is the first letter of abba (father) and of the third word, Elohim (\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd). Father, Son, and Spirit, with the third word of the sentence being \"God.\" Also, the name. Elohim \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd, is a plural form and the first letter, \u05d0, in its simplest form consists of three strokes.[DOC] [TLE] [GR] > The First Word - Bible Wheel [GR] > The First Word [PAR] [GR] > The First Word [PAR] The Head of the House [PAR] The first word of the Bible, Berashit, is the fountainhead of the biblical revelation and is linked to many pages throughout this site. Berashit is formed from the noun \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea (Rashith, Beginning) prefixed with the letter \u05d1 ( Beyt, House ), which signifies the preposition in, with, or by . This demonstrates the self-reflective holographic nature of the Hebrew language since a House serves as a natural symbol of a place to go in. [PAR] The triliteral root of Berashit, \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 (Rosh), is variously translated as first, head, or chief. God used this root when He declared (Isaiah 44.6): [PAR] I am the first \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df (Roshon) and I am the last; and beside me there is no God. [PAR] Most people have encountered Rosh in the phrase Rosh HaShanah, the First of the Year. A typical example of its use is found in the verse \"and each one was an head of the house \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea (Rosh Beyt) of their fathers among the thousands of Israel.\" Because this phrase is an anagram of Berashith, they both share the same numerical weight : [PAR] In the beginning [PAR] The Head of the House [PAR] Rosh Beyt [PAR] This means that the position of Berashith at the head of the biblical house is implicit within itself, it is self-descriptive. And as discussed at length on Spoke 2, Beyt symbolizes the Word , so Rosh Beyt connotes the First Word, which indeed it is. [PAR] God the Father [PAR] Perhaps the deepest significance of Berashit is found in the primary title of God used throughout the New Testament, God the Father . When the Lord Jesus spoke of God, the title He used most frequently was simply The Father which the Unity Holograph shows to be mathematically integrated with the the two primary Hebrew names of God, YHVH (The LORD, 26 ) and Elohim (God, 86 ). At other times, he used this title in apposition with Ho Theos (God, 354 ), as when He said: [PAR] Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Play Scrabble (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Play Scrabble (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] Preparing to Play [PAR] 1 [PAR] Make sure that you have everything you need to play Scrabble. Before you begin your game, make sure that you have everything that you need to play Scrabble. You will need a game board, 100 letter tiles, one letter rack for each player, and a cloth bag to hold the letter tiles. You will also need 1-3 other people to play with. [1] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Choose a dictionary to use for challenges. It is possible that during the course of your game, someone will play a word that another play believes is spelled wrong or that is not a word at all. In a situation like this, you will need to look up the word in a dictionary. Make sure that you have a dictionary on hand to deal with challenges. [2] [PAR] 3 [PAR] Put letter tiles in the bag and shake them up. To make sure that the letters are mixed up, put them into the bag, close it, and shake them around a bit. If you don\u2019t have a bag to use, you can put all of the letters face down on the table and shuffle them. [3] [PAR] 4 [PAR] Determine who goes first. Pass the bag around the table and allow each player to draw one letter tile. Then, place your letter tiles face up on the table. The player with the letter that is closest to the letter \u201cA\u201d gets to go first. Put these letters back into the bag and shuffle them again before drawing tiles. [4] [PAR] 5 [PAR] Draw your tiles. Beginning with the player who got the letter closest to \u201cA\u201d, pass the tile bag around and have each player draw seven tiles without looking into the bag. Do not show these tiles to your fellow players. Just put them onto your tile rack and pass the bag to the next player until everyone has drawn their letters. [5] [PAR] Part 2 [PAR] Playing the Game [PAR] 1 [PAR] Play the first word. The player who chose the letter closest to \u201cA\u201d gets to play the first word. The word must use at least two tiles and it must be placed across the star square in the center of the board. The word can be laid out in a vertical or horizontal fashion, but it cannot be diagonal. [PAR] When calculating the first word score, keep in mind that the player who places the first word gets to double his or her total score because the star counts as a Premium Square with a double word bonus. For example, if the total value of the first word played was 8, then the player would receive a score of 16. [6] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Count up your points. After you have put down a word, make sure that you count up your points. Add up the points on the upper right hand corner of each of the tiles you laid down. If you placed a tile on a Premium Square, adjust your score as indicated by the Premium Square. [7] [PAR] For example, if you place a word over a square that says \u201cDouble Word\u201d on it, then you should double the total value of your word. If you place a tile over a square that says \u201cDouble Letter\u201d, then you should double the value of that letter tile only when you calculate your score. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Draw new tiles. After each of your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE MOST COMMON WORDS IN ENGLISH THE MOST COMMON WORDS IN ENGLISH [PAR] The 500 Most Commonly Used Words in the English Language [PAR] [PAR] Based on the combined results of British English, American English and Australian English surveys of contemporary sources in English: newspapers, magazines, books, TV, radio and real life conversations - the language as it is written and spoken today.[DOC] [TLE] The 300 Most Common Words - Tooter4Kids The 300 Most Common Words [PAR] The 300 Most Common Words [PAR] These are the words that are the most common words students find in reading, and writing, and need to learn how to spell. The first 100 words make up 50% of all written material. All 300 common words make up 65% of all written material. These words are listed, going down, according to frequency of use. Children see them over and over again in their beginning stories and they learn them using \"beginning sounds\" and simple phonetic clues along with context. Students should be able to recognize these words instantly for reading fluency and be able to spell them rapidly and correctly for writing fluency by the third grade. [PAR] Keep in mind that there are common suffixes for many of the words. Such as: y, ed, ly, er, ing, est, es, and s."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trumpton - TV.com Trumpton - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Welcome to the Trumpton guide at TV.com. Here is the clock, the Trumpton clock. Telling the time steadily, sensibly. Never too quickly, never too slowly. Telling the time for Trumpton. Gordon Murray's 1967 series for the BBC, Camberwick Green, was an immediate success and an instant classic, and naturally he was asked to produce a second run of episodes. But, feeling that he had exhausted the possibilities for the village setting of that series, he instead came up with a sequel. Trumpton carried on the style of Camberwick Green, but this time the setting was a busy market town, complete with town hall and resident mayor. There was a whole new cast of characters, including Mrs Lovelace (and her yappy dogs), Chippy Minton the carpenter and, most famously of all, the town fire brigade, whose roll-call (\"Pugh, Pugh, Barney McGrew, Cuthbert, Dibble, Grubb!\") became the series' catchphrase. But the main theme remained: whether in a small village or a bustling market town, the residents always helped each other out and a problem shared was a problem solved. Unlike Camberwick Green, Gordon Murray didn't pen his own screenplays for Trumpton. Instead, children's author Alison Prince was drafted in to turn Murray's stories into scripts, and added a lot of ideas (and humour) of her own. Freddie Phillips wrote a brand new batch of songs to introduce the characters, and once again Brian Cant provided all the voices. The result was a sequel that more than lived up to its predecessor and, like Camberwick Green, would be repeated over and over for more than twenty years.moreless[DOC] [TLE] Trumpton (TV Series 1967\u2013 ) - IMDb Trumpton (TV Series 1967\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] 13 episodes [PAR] A sequel, of sorts, to Camberwick Green but set in the larger, nearby town of Trumpton. Each episode opens with the town hall clock and ends with the fire brigade band playing. Every show tells the story of one of the townsfolk. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] a list of 238 titles [PAR] created 08 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 20 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 981 titles [PAR] created 24 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 23 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Trumpton \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Camberwick Green (TV Series 1966) [PAR] Animation | Family [PAR] Iconic British children's animated series set in the fictional, picturesque village of the title. Each episode opens with a character emerging from a music box and they will be the central character of the forthcoming story. [PAR] Stars: Brian Cant [PAR] Popular British children's animation series, repeated almost constantly since 1971. Mr Benn is the ordinary, bowler-hatted office worker who lives in the ordinary suburban street of Festive... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ray Brooks [PAR] A melancholic children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Largest States In The United States | 10 Most Today 10 Largest States In The United States - 10 Most Today [PAR] 10 Largest States In The United States [PAR] Lists Of Countries [PAR] The following list contains the 10 largest states in the USA, by area [PAR] 1. Alaska \u2013 1,723,337 km2 (665,384 mi2) \u2013 Alaska is by far the largest state in the USA. It\u2019s also the largest state by land area and by water area [PAR] Alaska \u2013 the largest state in the USA [PAR] 2. Texas \u2013 695,662 km2 (268,596 mi2) \u2013 The Lone Star State is the second largest state, but it\u2019s less than half the size of Alaska [PAR] Texas \u2013 second largest state in the USA [PAR] [PAR] 3. California \u2013 423,967 km2 (163,694 mi2) \u2013 The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States [PAR] The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States [PAR] [PAR] 4. Montana \u2013 380,831 km2 (147,039 mi2) \u2013 Montana, nicknamed The Treasure State, is the fourth largest state [PAR] Largest States In The United States: Montana is fourth largest [PAR] 5. New Mexico \u2013 314,917 km2 (121,590 mi2) [PAR] New Mexico: 5th largest state [PAR] [PAR] 6. Arizona \u2013 295,234 km2 (113,990 mi2) \u2013 The Copper State, home to the Grand Canyon, is the 6th largest state [PAR] Arizona: 6th largest state [PAR] [PAR] 7. Nevada \u2013 286,380 km2 (110,571 mi2) \u2013 The Silver State, home to Las Vegas, is the 7th largest state [PAR] Nevada: 7th largest state in the United States [PAR] [PAR] 8. Colorado \u2013 269,601 km2 (104,093 mi2) [PAR] Largest States In The United States: 8th place: Colorado [PAR] [PAR] 9. Oregon \u2013 254,799 km2 (98,378 mi2) \u2013 The Beaver State is less than 1/6 of Alaska [PAR] Largest States In The United States: 9th place: Oregon [PAR] 10. Wyoming \u2013 253,335 km2 (97,813 mi2) \u2013 The Equality State closes our list with almost the same area as Oregon [PAR] 10th largest state in the United States: Wyoming[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Largest States in United States | Top 1 US Top 10 Largest States in United States | Top 1 US [PAR] Home \u00bb Largest \u00bb Top 10 Largest States in United States [PAR] Top 10 Largest States in United States [PAR] Sunday, August 7th 2011. | Largest [PAR] United States is one of the largest countries in the world. Has a total population into three largest in the world. United States has some of the state in some areas. These are the top 10 largest states in United States. [PAR] 1. Alaska 663,267.26 [PAR] Alaska [PAR] Alaska is the largest state in the United States, the United States bought the territory from Russia on March 30, 1867, at a price of $ 7.2 million. Alaska is close to Canada. [PAR] 2. Texas 268,580.82 [PAR] Texas [PAR] Texas is the second largest state in the United States. Name, based on the Caddo word \u201cTejas\u201d which means \u201cfriend\u201d or \u201callies\u201d, applied by Spain to the Caddo themselves and their residential areas in East Texas. Texas border with Mexico to the south, New Mexico to the west, to northern Oklahoma, Arkansas, to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2) and population growth of 25.1 million inhabitants. [PAR] 3. California 163,695.57 [PAR] California [PAR] California is located in the West Coast of the United States. This is a U.S. state\u2019s most populous, [6] and third largest by land area (after Alaska and Texas). [PAR] 4. Montana"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The names of punctuation marks | OxfordWords blog The names of punctuation marks | OxfordWords blog [PAR] Home > The names of punctuation marks [PAR] The names of punctuation marks [PAR] Chances are that you use them every day \u2013 from \u2018 to # and ? to . \u2013 but where did common punctuation marks get their names? [PAR] Ampersand [PAR] The ampersand is the sign &, used to mean \u2018and\u2019. The shape of the symbol originated as a ligature for the Latin et (\u2018and\u2019) \u2013 that is, it represents the merged \u2018e\u2019 and \u2018t\u2019. The name ampersand also represents a merge, although one that is perhaps more accidental. [PAR] When reciting the alphabet, letters that were also entire words in and of themselves (such as a and I) could once be read as \u2018a per se a\u2019, \u2018i per se I\u2019, to make it clear that a word was intended, rather than a single letter. Per se is the Latin for \u2018by itself\u2019, so the & symbol, which was traditionally included at the end of the alphabet, was originally chanted as \u2018and per se and\u2019 (that is, \u2018& by itself is and\u2019). Over time, this was altered into the single word ampersand, and the original phrase was largely forgotten. [PAR] Apostrophe [PAR] Use of the apostrophe (\u2018) can be a bit of a minefield (our handy hints will help you work them out), and you might experience an ironic wish to turn away from them. Why ironic? Because apostrophe actually comes from a word meaning \u2018turn away\u2019: the Greek apostrephein, from apo \u2018from\u2019 + strephein \u2018to turn\u2019. This is the root of the Greek apostrophos, meaning \u2018accent of elision\u2019, which is precisely one of the functions of the apostrophe \u2013 that is, it is used to indicate \u2018the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking\u2019. [PAR] Incidentally, an apostrophe is also \u2018an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified)\u2019. Again, the route is apostrephein, as the speaker is turning away from the audience or reader to address a third party. [PAR] Hyphen [PAR] The hyphen (-) is used to join words together, and so it is perhaps unsurprising that the word hyphen comes from the Greek for \u2018together\u2019 (hyphen). This, in turn, comes from hypo \u2018under\u2019 + hen \u2018one\u2019. The hyphen is not the only punctuation mark that signifies togetherness; the plus symbol (+) has also been referred to as a hyphen on rare occasions, as has a short pause between two syllables in speaking and, more broadly, any small connecting link. [PAR] Colon [PAR] Speaking of words with more than one meaning, you may be familiar with the colon as a symbol (:) and (less suitable for dinnertime conversation) the main part of the large intestine. These actually derive from slightly different Greek words. The anatomical feature is from \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd (i.e. k\u014flon), meaning \u2018food\u2019, \u2018meat\u2019, or (indeed) \u2018the colon\u2019. The word for the punctuation mark, on the other hand, comes from \u03ba\u1ff6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd (or k\u014dlon), which means \u2018limb\u2019 or \u2018clause\u2019 \u2013 and it is used because one of the main functions of the colon is to separate two clauses, where the second clause explains or follows from the first. [PAR] Parenthesis [PAR] Commonly known as brackets (particularly in British English), parentheses are those symbols used earlier in this sentence: the round brackets ( and ). Since the mid 16th century, parenthesis and parentheses have been used to mean \u2018a word, clause, or sentence inserted as an explanation, aside,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV History | Archive of American Television TV History | Archive of American Television [PAR] HAL KANTER , Comedy Writer [PAR] Television was never one person's vision -- as early as the 1820s, the idea began to germinate. Certainly by 1880, when a speculative article appeared in The Scientific American magazine, the concept of a working television system began to spread on an international scale. [PAR] At the dawn of the twentieth century, there were a few American laboratories leading the way: Bell, RCA, and GE. It wasn't until 1927, when 21-year-old Philo T. Farnsworth , beat everyone to the punch by producing the first electronic television picture. This historic breakthrough catapulted him into a decades-long patent battle against major corporations, including RCA and CBS. The battle took its toll on everyone and RCA\u2019s David Sarnoff brilliantly marketed this invention to the public and became known as the father of television -- while Philo T. Farnsworth died in relative obscurity. [PAR] Experimental broadcast television began in the early 1930s, transmitting fuzzy images of wrestling, music and dance to a handful of screen. It wasn't until the 1939 World's Fair in New York, where RCA unveiled their new NBC TV studios in Rockefeller Plaza, that network television was introduced. A few months later, William Paley\u2019s CBS began broadcasting from its new TV studios in Grand Central Station. [PAR] Now that television worked, how could these networks profit on their investment? Who would create the programming that would sell their TV sets? How would they dominate this new commercial medium, without destroying their hugely profitable radio divisions? [PAR] Ready! Sets! Go! (1940s) [PAR] \u201cWe had a rating of 80, a share of 83.9. Of course I used to say there were only 83 sets, but there weren't.\u201d [PAR] MILTON BERLE , host Texaco Star Theatre [PAR] Four months after NBC station W2XBS began regular programming in 1939, Red Barber announced the first televised major league baseball game between the Cincinnati Reds and the Brooklyn Dodgers. Even though television was still considered a fad, throughout the 1940s, the deep-pocketed television divisions of NBC and CBS -- and soon ABC \u2013 cashed in on the tastes of the American public. Networks expanded their reach as key cities built broadcast facilities. [PAR] Television showed signs of becoming a commercial success, at least until the US entered World War II . The war interrupted its growth significantly, as personnel shortages forced stations to shut down. Only the DuMont network remained on the air. [PAR] It wasn't until 1947 that television\u2019s growth truly exploded. Some of the biggest shows premiered including: The Ed Sullivan Show , Candid Camera, Howdy Doody , Philco Playhouse, and Kukla, Fran & Ollie . Meet the Press began broadcasting out of the nation's capitol to become the longest-running news program ever. [PAR] Perhaps the brightest star of the era was Milton Berle , \u201cAmerica\u2019s favorite uncle.\u201d Berle brought his vaudeville sensibilities to NBC\u2019s Texaco Star Theatre and made it an unprecedented success. City water levels dropped during commercials, stores closed early. Television set sales skyrocketed. [PAR] As networks raced to provide content for the popular new medium, many radio stars and shows attempted to make the transition to television -- Burns and Allen, The Jack Benny Program, The Shadow, Fred Allen, and Fibber McGee and Molly. [PAR] Television News Finds Its Way (1950s) [PAR] \u201cNone of us had any ax to grind, none of us had any political ambitions. Our only real purpose in life, and in work, was to tell people what we knew to be true.\u201d [PAR] DAVID"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jenner tests smallpox vaccine - May 14, 1796 - HISTORY.com Jenner tests smallpox vaccine - May 14, 1796 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Jenner tests smallpox vaccine [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Edward Jenner, an English country doctor from Gloucestershire, administers the world\u2019s first vaccination as a preventive treatment for smallpox, a disease that had killed millions of people over the centuries. [PAR] While still a medical student, Jenner noticed that milkmaids who had contracted a disease called cowpox, which caused blistering on cow\u2019s udders, did not catch smallpox. Unlike smallpox, which caused severe skin eruptions and dangerous fevers in humans, cowpox led to few ill symptoms in these women. On May 14, 1796, Jenner took fluid from a cowpox blister and scratched it into the skin of James Phipps, an eight-year-old boy. A single blister rose up on the spot, but James soon recovered. On July 1, Jenner inoculated the boy again, this time with smallpox matter, and no disease developed. The vaccine was a success. Doctors all over Europe soon adopted Jenner\u2019s innovative technique, leading to a drastic decline in new sufferers of the devastating disease. [PAR] In the 19th and 20th centuries, scientists following Jenner\u2019s model developed new vaccines to fight numerous deadly diseases, including polio, whooping cough, measles, tetanus, yellow fever, typhus, and hepatitis B, and many others. More sophisticated smallpox vaccines were also developed and by 1970 international vaccination programs, such as those undertaken by the World Health Organization, had eliminated smallpox worldwide. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Graphology | Define Graphology at Dictionary.com Graphology | Define Graphology at Dictionary.com [PAR] graphology [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] the study of handwriting, especially when regarded as an expression of the writer's character, personality, abilities, etc. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Linguistics. the study of systems of writing; grammatology. [PAR] Origin of graphology [PAR] [graf-uh-loj-ik] /\u02ccgr\u00e6f \u0259\u02c8l\u0252d\u0292 \u026ak/ (Show IPA), graphological, adjective [PAR] graphologist, noun [PAR] Examples from the Web for graphology [PAR] Expand [PAR] Criminal Psychology Hans Gross [PAR] graphology, for instance, is naturally related to the functional action and to the characteristics of the hand itself. [PAR] Pedagogical Anthropology Maria Montessori [PAR] In this study, as in that of graphology and chiromancy, a deductive power of mind is required. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for graphology [PAR] Expand [PAR] the study of handwriting, esp to analyse the writer's character [PAR] 2. [PAR] (linguistics) the study of writing systems [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for graphology [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] \"study of handwriting,\" 1882, from French graphologie, coined 1868 by Abb\u00e9 Jean-Hippolyte Michon (1806-1881) from comb. form of Greek graphein \"to write\" (see -graphy ) + logos \"a speaking, a dealing with\" (see logos ). Especially, \"character study based on handwriting\" (1886). [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Voicing Shrek - A Look at the Shrek Voice Talent Voicing Shrek - A Look at the Shrek Voice Talent [PAR] A Look at the Voices in DreamWorks' animated Shrek movie. [PAR] Voicing Shrek [PAR] by Joe Tracy, Publisher of Digital Media FX (digitalmediafx.com) [PAR] Large scale animated productions, like Shrek, depend on Hollywood celebrities to bring animated character voices to life. While having celebrities attached to an animated film is a major blow to voice actors, it provides major marketing potential for studios. [PAR] Celebrities starring in DreamWorks' Shrek include Mike Meyers as Shrek, Eddie Murphy as Donkey, Cameron Diaz as Princess Fiona, and John Lithgow as Lord Farquaad. [PAR] The main star, of course, is Shrek - a disgusting ogre who reacts to his swamp home being invaded by fairy tale characters. As the star, it was important for the voice artist to bring out the disgusting habits of Shrek while still making him lovable. [PAR] \"Shrek is no dreamboat, but Mike understood the heart and soul of the character and brought out his wonderful lovable qualities,\" says DreamWorks principle Jeffrey Katzenberg. In the way he brought Shrek's words to life, Mike gave him his heart and we were able to mold our physical character around [PAR] his voice.\" [PAR] Sometimes voicing a character creates opportunities to improvise, which brings more life to the character. [PAR] \"We spent a lot of time in the studio discovering who Mike Myers as Shrek was, and experimenting with different voices and different accents,\" says Andrew Adamson, one of the films two directors. \"The truth is, when you cast Mike Myers in a role, you don't just get Mike Myers; you get the plethora of characterizations he can create. He is the best at inventing a character and stepping into it. And once he's in it, he stays in it - even between takes - which gave him a great base from which to start improvising. The improv moments are gold; those are the moments that give the animators the most to go on, because at that point, it's not a written piece of dialogue - it's a character come to life.\" [PAR] Playing Shrek's \"sidekick\" is a donkey named Donkey. For the voice, the Shrek team selected Eddie Murphy. Murphy's last experience as a voice over artist came in Disney's Mulan where he played Mulan's sidekick, Mushu the Dragon. [PAR] Murphy freely admits that there are big differences between voice acting and live action acting. [PAR] \"Animation is a much more collaborative process than acting with my body and my face,\" says Murphy. \"It's a trip to have the director ask for a small inflection in your voice, and then, when the scene is drawn, you see how that slight change brings out the emotion. Another reason I like doing animated films is that, when they're done right, they're timeless, and my kids really get into them They love hearing their father's voice come out of a cartoon.\" [PAR] Playing the role of the princess - who is unlike any past animated fairy tale princess - is actress Cameron Diaz. She describes the princess as \"a little spark plug.\" What makes Shrek different for Diaz is that it is her first ever voicing of an animated character. She had no idea of what to expect. [PAR] \"They told me that Mike Myers and Eddie Murphy were in most of my scenes, so I expected to walk into the room and find them both there and do lines together,\" says Diaz. \"Instead, I got storyboards and a pointer stick running"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of the Mediterranean Sea and Mediterranean Sea Map ... Map of the Mediterranean Sea and Mediterranean Sea Map Size Depth History Information Page [PAR] other bodies of water [PAR] The Mediterranean Sea was an important route for merchants and travelers during ancient times as it allowed for trade and cultural exchange between emergent peoples of the region. [PAR] Several ancient civilizations were located around its shores; thus it has had a major influence on those cultures. It provided routes for trade, colonization and war, and provided food (by fishing and the gathering) for numerous communities throughout the ages. [PAR] This inland sea is bordered on the north by Europe, the east by Asia, and in the south by Africa. This 969,100 sq. mile body of water is approximately 2,300 miles in length, and has a maximum depth of 16,896 ft. [PAR] The typical Mediterranean climate is hot, with dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Major crops of the region include olives, grapes, oranges, tangerines, and cork. [PAR] Major subdivisions include the Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Balearic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea and Ligurian Sea."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Summary and Analysis of Das Kapital by Karl Marx Summary and Analysis of Das Kapital by Karl Marx [PAR] Home \u00bb Literature \u00bb Non-Fiction \u00bb Summary and Analysis of Das Kapital by Karl Marx [PAR] Summary and Analysis of Das Kapital by Karl Marx [PAR] Pages: 1 2 [PAR] Das Kapital by Karl Marx was the result of nearly thirty years of work on the part of Karl Marx and his influences and protracted study of the nature of not only the capitalist economy, but also the social and historical forces that shape interactions among people both within and outside of trade. The first volume ofDas Kapital was published in 1867 at a time when the working conditions for industrial laborers were terrible and the division between the classes was growing increasingly more pronounced. It must not be forgotten that Das Kapital was a work born out of the industrial revolution and although eventually conditions would change for the better, this is an important treatise and critique of the system that created such squalor for some many of the working poor in Europe. [PAR] For the most part, according to the editor\u2019s introduction essay to the translation of Das Kapital, much of Marx\u2019s observations of the thirty-year period were in England, which were at once the center of the industrial revolution (with all of its glory) as well as the epicenter of the urban degradation caused by rapid and massive industrialization . While these theories about the nature of the worker, the work day, the capitalist, and economies in general were influential after their first publication, the same ideas still persist in general conversations about our modern economy\u2014especially in terms of capitalism. In order to present the most succinct overview, analysis, and interpretation of Das Kapital ,it seems necessary to chronologically go through Das Kapital for this essay and examine some key points and themes, examine them within Marx\u2019s context, and finally present them as templates for looking at modern capitalism society, industry, and economy. [PAR] Without any fanfare, Marx begins the first chapter of Das Kapital with a statement concerning commodities. He defines a commodity as \u201can object outside us, a thing that by its properties satisfies human wants of sort or another\u201d (125). It is interesting that Marx begins the text with a discussion and definition of a commodity and after several successive chapters, it is clear to see that the commodity is one of the main driving forces behind capitalism. The commodity itself, however, is only valued according to demand or other more ethereal conditions and thus it is a perfect item for the capitalist as it presents no fixed \u201cprice\u201d in itself, but its value is rather determined by desire and the potential for profit. To backtrack for a moment, however, a more concise definition of commodity is contained within the idea of \u201cuse value.\u201d [PAR] This refers to a commodity\u2019s value in how it will be used and how it is desired but this value, according to Marx, has little to do with the actual labor that went into the production of the item. Again, while it is not immediately clear at this early point in the text, the use value versus the idea of labor are important issues because there is more distinction between the two than one might initially think. For instance, something might have a very high use-value and be greatly desired. This desire leads the capitalist to make it expensive and the laborer who made the desired commodity is not paid what the desired commodity is worth, but rather"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ursa Major - Constellations of Words Ursa Major [PAR] Ursa Major [PAR] Clues to the meaning of this celestial feature [PAR] Located at the top of the heavens the stars of the two bear-constellations, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor , never set, i.e., they never disappear below the horizon, they are always visible in the night sky, all night, every night, throughout the year. One of these stars, Polaris , the Pole Star in Ursa Minor, appears to stand still making it a good reference point for navigators at sea to identify, while the other stars in these two constellations, called circumpolar stars, revolve around it. [PAR] One myth explains why they were positioned so; Zeus (Jupiter) placed Callisto in the sky as the constellation Ursa Major, or 'Great Bear,' and her son, Arcas who was also Zeus' son, as Ursa Minor, as 'Little Bear': [PAR] \"Hera, Zeus' wife, was not pleased with this arrangement, especially since Callisto was another of her husband's infidelities. She went to her nurse, Tethys , the wife of Oceanus , and beseeched her to punish Callisto and Arcas. Tethys decided to deprive the pair of water, and so the Great Bear and the Little Bear are cursed to circle in the skies, never to dip below the horizon for a refreshing bath or a cool drink\" [ 1 ]. [PAR] The constellations never sink below the horizon, thus they never appear to be going into the water. [PAR] The Ursa of Ursa Major is from the Indo-European root * rtko , 'Bear'. Derivatives: arctic (meaning north from Latin arcticus, from Greek arktikos), ursine (bear-like), from Latin ursus, Greek arktos. [Pokorny rktho-s 875. Watkins ]. The names Ursula and Orson, are related. [PAR] In the northern branches of the Indo-European languages, the name of the bear was subject to a taboo and there was a proliferation of euphemisms; 'honey-licker', 'honey eater', 'shaggy', etc. The word for bear in Russian is 'medved', and the same in Czech. In Polish, bear is a similar word 'niedzwiedz', and in Old Church Slavonic, bear is 'medvedi'. All of these words mean something like 'honey-eater' and are derived from the common Slavic words 'medu' = 'honey' (PIE *medhu-, from which we also get the English word 'mead', an alcoholic beverage made from fermented honey and water) plus 'ed-' = 'eat' [ 2 ]. Our word bear2 appears to be another taboo term, from Dutch 'bruin', meaning 'the brown one', French 'brun' and 'brunette'. Related to the Norse name Bjorn, and place-names Berlin, Berne. [PAR] Our word bear, the animal, comes from the Indo-European root * bher2 , 'Bright, brown.' Derivatives: brown (one meaning of brown was 'shining', and it was often used to describe swords in Old English poetry), bruin (a bear), Bruno (name), brunet, burnet, burnish (meant to make something brown.), from Old French brun, shining, brown, beaver (a semiaquatic rodent noted for felling trees to build dams and partially submerged dens called lodges), Bernard (name, 'bold bear'), bear\u00b2 (the animal), from Old English bera, bear, from Germanic *ber, 'the brown animal'), berserker, from Old Norse bj\u00f6rn, bear, from Germanic *bernuz. [Pokorny 5. bher- 136.] [PAR] There might be a relationship between the roots bear1, to tolerate (from * bher1 ), and bear2 (from * bher2 ). Aristotle (according to Olcott, p.348 ) \"held that the name (Ursa) was derived from the fact that of all known animals the bear was thought to be the only one that dared to venture into the frozen regions of the north and tempt the solitude and cold\". According to Hesiod"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Southernmost World Capital - Infoplease Southernmost World Capital [PAR] What is the world's southernmost national capital? [PAR] The Answer: [PAR] That distinction belongs to Wellington, New Zealand . [PAR] The cultural capital and geographical center of the country, Wellington is the only world capital located in the roaring 40s latitudes . It was the first world capital to welcome the new millennium . [PAR] The capital of Iceland , Reykjavik, is the northernmost capital of the world. [PAR] Here is a link to the Infoplease Atlas if you want to see for yourself. [PAR] \u2014The Editors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux Married in Surprise ... Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux Married in Surprise Wedding! [PAR] Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux Married in Surprise Wedding! [PAR] by Meredith B. Kile 9:35 AM PDT, August 06, 2015 [PAR] Playing Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux Married in Surprise Wedding! [PAR] Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux are married! [PAR] ET can confirm the pair tied the knot on Wednesday night at their home in Bel Air, in a secret ceremony disguised as a birthday party for Theroux, who turns 44 on Aug. 10. [PAR] The intimate affair was held in front of 70 of their closest friends and family, including Howard Stern, Jason Bateman, Lisa Kudrow, Chelsea Handler, John Krasinski, Emily Blunt, Ellen DeGeneres and more. The couple's backyard was seen decked out for the elaborate party with a bar and beautiful tablescapes. Earlier in the day, a minister and a large cake topped with two Muppet-like characters were photographed entering the house by TMZ . [PAR] WATCH: Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux Were the Cutest Couple at the 2015 SAG Awards [PAR] Aniston met Theroux in 2011, while vacationing with Friends co-star and real-life pal Courteney Cox and the couple have been together for four years. They announced their engagement in August 2012. [PAR] \"He's the easiest guy to hang around,\" Aniston, 46, gushed to The Hollywood Reporter back in January. \"He was so completely in his skin. It was the first time I remember being so comfortable [with a romantic interest], like with all my gay friends.\" [PAR] Aniston and Theroux shared the big screen in 2012's Wanderlust, but according to the actress, her new husband is a true Renaissance man. [PAR] \"He's got a so many different talents, I have a lot to chime in on,\" Aniston told ET at a January 2015 press junket. \"Not only is he a writer, he's also an actor and a director and all of those wonderful things. I make it easy. I just have a one-shot job.\" [PAR] \"Not only is he a great actor but he's one of the best comedy writers out there,\" she marveled to Harper\u2019s Bazaar last November. \"And he directs and paints murals. And I just think it's so attractive to be that good at so many things and to have no ego. He's one of the most humble, decent human beings.\" [PAR] WATCH: 9 Celebrity Weddings We're Still Waiting For [PAR] The actress also couldn\u2019t help but gush about her man\u2019s physical attributes when Theroux covered Women\u2019s Wear Daily last July. [PAR] \"He's just so beautiful and handsome to me, and I love that his eyeballs are so beautifully captured because those eyes just knock me out every day,\" she said. \"He just gets better every year. He's just like a lost gem in the sand, and he's just always been there and been brilliant, and now this is just in a different light.\" [PAR] Theroux has also been outspoken about his love for Aniston and how the couple has handled their relationship in the spotlight. [PAR] \"We're just doing our own thing. We are completely happy, obviously, but we're not on anyone else's timeframe,\" he told Australia\u2019s TV Week last fall . \"I think love in anyone's life creates expansion. And needless to say, it feels really good. So it's only enriched by life.\" [PAR] NEWS: Jennifer Aniston Can't Get Enough of Justin Theroux [PAR] Since they first became engaged, publications have speculated constantly about when the pair were tying the knot. Aniston even admitted that the pair couldn\u2019t throw a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The highest spire in Britain: exploring Salisbury Cathedral The highest spire in Britain: exploring Salisbury Cathedral | VisitBritain [PAR] The highest spire in Britain: exploring Salisbury Cathedral [PAR] Friday 07 February 2014 [PAR] zoocha-admin [PAR] Among Britain's many cathedrals (all of which are magnificent) Salisbury probably has more claims to fame than most. [PAR] Its spire, at 123m tall, is the tallest in Britain. It has the largest cloister and the largest cathedral close in Britain, extending over an impressive 80 acres, and tying together central Salisbury and the surrounding countryside with a stunning sea of green. [PAR] Inside you'll find what is thought to be the oldest working medieval clock in the world - built in 1386. On top of all that, the cathedral is home to one of the four surviving copies of Magna Carta, a document which limited the powers of king and established the rule of law back in 1215. Remember King John from the Robin Hood stories? This was the document created to reign him in a little (along with all of his successors). [PAR] Looking up to see Salisbury's magnificent painted ceilings and fan-vaulting is of course part of the fun of visiting, but just in case you have a stiff-neck, you can actually see them in the glassy surface of the cathedral's beautiful font. A water sculpture crafted by artist William Pye, its waters flow out and are drawn back up in a constant cycle. [PAR] The fun in Salisbury Cathedral really begins when you embark on a tour of its upper reaches. A spiral staircase leads you up and up into the fabric of the building itself, from where you can take in the full spectacle of the nave from its middle level. Climb up another level and you're into the structure above the nave itself, where you can see the individual oak timbers that have held the roof in place for more than 700 years. [PAR] Further up again and you'll see the quarter and hour bells, and if you wait you can hear them rung - not by hand, but by a clock made for the church in the 19 century. Keep your eyes peeled for graffiti of an impressive vintage, much of it artfully carved by stonemasons, and some dating back to the 15th century and earlier. [PAR] One of the most spectacular sights inside the building is the view inside the spire itself. A remarkable scaffold of timber reaches up into Britain's tallest spire, and helps to secure it against any particularly difficult weather conditions. The very tip of the spire is another ten ladders up from here, and isn't part of the tour. Occasionally however, someone is required to make the climb to change the warning lights for passing aircraft. [PAR] Outside the cathedral tower, the view over Salisbury is magnificent. The impressive houses, originally built to house the clergy, are all visible in the large cathedral close. You'll also see more than a few pigeon feathers, one sign of the resident Peregrine falcons who make the exterior cathedral balcony their home. All in all, a magnificent building, a fascinating tour and a very rewarding visit. Thanks to VisitWiltshire , Salisbury Cathedral and tour guide Michael for showing us around - find out more about Salisbury Cathedral ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Viral Media [licensed for non-commercial use only] / Blair ... Viral Media [licensed for non-commercial use only] / Blair Witch Project [PAR] Description: [PAR] [PAR] The Blair Witch Project is categorized as a low-budget horror film. The film portrays the real time stories of three film students (Heather Donahue, Joshua Leonard, and Michael C. Williams) who venture off into the Black Hills of Maryland to capture footage of the towns legend, The Blair Witch. While in the Black Hills, the three students go missing and are never found. The video footage is then recovered a year later creating the \u201clost footage\u201d, which is the film\u2019s premise and theme. [PAR] [PAR] Peak Popularity: Prior to the films release and shortly after. [PAR] [PAR] Date Discovered: 1999 [PAR] [PAR] Original Site: The original site has since been removed however, a current similar site exists at www.blairwitch.com [PAR] [PAR] The original BWP sites relied on making the viewer feel that the content was real. Like the original Blair Witch site, the filmmakers also created myspace accounts for the cast of the film to gain credibility for the characters and for the audience appeal. [PAR] [PAR] Genesis: [PAR] [PAR] The development on The Blair Witch Project began in 1998 by two novice filmmakers, Eduardo Sanchez and Daniel Myrick. The film\u2019s script was based on a 68 page outline in hopes to complete the dialogue with improvisations from the cast. Auditions where held to specifically look for actors with exceptional improvisation skills. The completed cast included Heather Donahue, Joshua Leonard, and Michael C. Williams. The filmmakers focused on several mythological ideas during the developmental stages of the movie. Inspired by near-anagrams, some characters names served to create the mythology behind the film. Referencing the overall mythology of the film through characters, started with naming the Blair Witch, Elly Kedward, which is Edward Kelley, a 16th century mystic and naming the fictional 1940\u2018s child murder Rustin Parr, as Rasputin. The next step for the film focused on obtaining funding and directional production association, which was produced by Haxan Films. Originally titled, \u201cThe Blair Witch Project: The Story of the Black Hills Disappearances\u201d was presented to investors as a documentary based upon short amateur footage coupled with new papers and news footage. [PAR] [PAR] \"The media ecology's materiality, the connections and uses made, missed, and implied, form a grounding part of the work. Webcams, their aesthetics, distribution, and their use, by, amoung others, Wolfgang Staehle, are discussed strating from a simple account of their construction. Software and network systems such as those used by these cameras are usually understood to be value-free, simple utilities. Here, their compositional terms are taken up in order to test their affordances and limits\" (pg 10 Media Ecologies). [PAR] Matthew Fuller [PAR] History (Filming Process): [PAR] [PAR] On October 1997, filming began and continued for eight day in Seneca Creek State Park in Maryland and only a few scenes where shot in Burkittsville (6).Unbeknownst to the main cast, the filmmakers planted interviews of the townspeople and actors. Upon filming, the main character, Donhaue, had to go through a crash course of film, as she did not know how to operate or use a camera.The actors were casted because of their improvisational skills in which, the filmmakers pushed to the limits. The filmmakers gave the cast clues to switch locations and improvisational instructions for the day from messages in milk creates with global positioning satellite systems (7). The directors tried to achieve the realism of the myth by rationing the food of the cast, which caused Donahue to suffer excruciating eczema."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Friends of Eden and Visitor Feedback Page. - Eden Project Keith's Eden Projest Web Site, Visitors Feedback Page [PAR] [PAR] Dear Keith, [PAR] More praise and thanks! This time for the excellent link to the flowering Titanum. For those of us too far away to visit regularly your pages are an invaluable link to what's happening at Eden. [PAR] Keep up the good work, its my favourite site. [PAR] Helen Kirby-Hasler 11/11/07 [PAR] ________________________________________________________________________ [PAR] [PAR] Dear Keith - As someone who has been a fan of the Eden Project and an Eden Friend since the early days, I am delighted that I have found your marvellous site. Previously, I only checked the official Eden website, but your collection of photographs is not only superior but also beautifully up-to-date. I now look at your site on a daily basis to find out what has been happening ! Many congratulations on the standard of your website - I have already recommended it to several friends and family members around the world. [PAR] Best wishes, Carol (Chacewater, Cornwall) 23/06/07 [PAR] ________________________________________________________________________ [PAR] [PAR] Dear Keith, I wanted to let you know how interesting I've found your Eden Project website. I was delighted to find the latest about the Seed's arrival as well as photos of this year's Bulb Mania and the new Garden of Ideas. I was also very interested to see the earlier photo record of the project build - it [PAR] was fascinating to see the journey taken. [PAR] I'm particularly interested as I worked with Eden's Green Team on placement two years ago. This was part of my year training at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens that also included time at Cambridge University Botanic Gardens and RHS Garden Wisley. I fondly remember pruning coffee plants in the HTB with Dina Gallick and planting Chilean Nothofagus with Adrian Lovatt, and indeed [PAR] sowing crops with Kevin Austin who I stayed with. [PAR] My experience at Hilliers was part of my BSc Horticulture from the University of Reading (that included two fieldtrips to Eden!). I've since graduated with a specialism in garden management, design, and restoration, and now study MSc Management at the University of Bath in support of career [PAR] interests. [PAR] I look forward to regularly viewing your website and hope to visit Eden in person soon. [PAR] With many thanks and best wishes, Philip Turvil 11/06/07 [PAR] ________________________________________________________________________ [PAR] [PAR] Sad isn't it, live and work in South Devon and just visited the Eden Project for the first time! [PAR] Stop wandering and go, we were very impressed with the whole experience, down top the smallest detail you can tell the place is managed with heart and sole. All Planning authorities should learn from this shinning example and get out of the dark ages! [PAR] Thanks for the site it was a must before visiting, I was up this morning at 4 (Sad I know) preparing for a fantastic day out, your site provided numerous pieces of information which made our experience even better Thanks! [PAR] Regards from Kevin. Even the kids didn't ask once 'when are we going home, I'm bored' [PAR] Kevin Fancett 11/04/07 [PAR] ________________________________________________________________________ [PAR] [PAR] Greetings from Australia! I totally loved the Eden Project! Not only is it an amazing, breathtaking, educational & very beautiful experience but it is definitely in the Top Ten Places you should go & do in my 50 places you should see before you die list! I do recommend that you are there right on opening time to see everything! ( even then I think you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michigan Rock and Roll Legends - Legendary Michigan Songs Michigan Rock and Roll Legends - Legendary Michigan Songs [PAR] Legendary Michigan Songs [PAR] Category: Uncategorised [PAR] These 110 vinyl recordings have been voted Legendary Michigan Songs during the past ten years. Each listing contains a brief song history as well as a link to a youtube video that features a performance of the recording. Ten more songs will be added to the list in 2017. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] 01. \"Runaway\" (D. Shannon, M. Crook) - Del Shannon; Big Top label, # 1 Billboard Hot 100, # 3 Billboard R&B - 1961. Inducted in 2007. [PAR] [PAR] Del's biggest hit was the result of a jam with keyboard player Max Crook at the Hi-Lo nightclub in Battle Creek, Michigan. The chord changes were loosely based on a song called \"Kaw-Liga\", written by Hank Williams - one of Del's early influences when he was growing up in Coopersville, Michigan. [PAR] [PAR] The distinctive solo on \"Runaway\" is played on a musitron, an electronic keyboard invented by Max Crook. \"Runaway\" was on the charts for 17 weeks and was Billboard's Song of the Year for 1961. Shannon released a \"live\" version of \"Runaway\" in 1967 but it was only a minor hit. [PAR] [PAR] In 1986, Del re-recorded \"Runaway\" with new lyrics for use as the theme for the television drama Crime Story. Shannon's original recording of \"Runaway\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002. [PAR] [PAR] \"Runaway\" has been covered by numerous artists over the years including the Small Faces, Bonnie Raitt, the Shirelles, and Elvis Presley. [PAR] [PAR] Watch Del perform \"Runaway\" on David Letterman at http://youtu.be/nSkV9pdzLgo [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] 02. \"Rock Around The Clock\" (M. Freedman, J. Myers) - Bill Haley And His Comets; Decca label, # 1 Billboard Hot 100, # 3 Billboard R&B - 1955. Inducted in 2007. [PAR] [PAR] Bill Haley's biggest hit didn't sell when it was first issued in 1954 as the b-side of \"Thirteen Women (And Only One Man In Town)\". \"Rock Around The Clock\" was re-released as the a-side the following year, however, after it was used on the soundtrack of Blackboard Jungle, a movie about high school juvenile delinquents. It became the first rock and roll song ever to reach # 1 in the summer of 1955. \"Rock Around The Clock\" also had the distinction of becoming a Top 40 hit again in 1974 due to its use as the original opening theme of TV's Happy Days. [PAR] [PAR] Haley, who was born in Highland Park, Michigan, was a featured performer in two early rock and roll movies (Rock Around The Clock and Don't Knock The Rock). [PAR] [PAR] In 1957, Haley and the Comets became the first American rock and roll act to tour England. Bill Haley was even more popular in Great Britain than in the United States, and \"Rock Around The Clock\" re-entered the British charts seven times from 1955 through 1974. [PAR] [PAR] \"Rock Around The Clock\" was the first rock and roll recording to be honored with induction into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982. [PAR] [PAR] Watch slides from the hit film American Graffiti and hear Bill Haley And His Comets perform the original version of \"Rock Around The Clock\" at www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ud_JZcC0tHI&feature=related [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] 03. \"Respect\" (O. Redding) - Aretha Franklin; Atlantic label, # 1 Billboard Hot 100, # 1 Billboard R&B - 1967. Inducted in 2007. [PAR] [PAR] Both Otis Redding, who wrote the song, and Michigan's Rationals had charting hits with \"Respect\" prior to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History \u2013 Manchester United History \u2013 Manchester United [PAR] Register for our email alerts and receive latest news and events [PAR] Email address: [PAR] History [PAR] Founded in 1878 as Newton Heath L&YR Football Club, our club has operated for over 138 years. The team first entered the English First Division, then the highest league in English football, for the start of the 1892-93 season. Our club name changed to Manchester United Football Club in 1902, and we won the first of our 20 English League titles in 1908. In 1910, we moved to Old Trafford, our current stadium. [PAR] Late 1940s [PAR] In the late 1940s, we returned to on-field success, winning the FA Cup in 1948 and finishing within the top four league positions during each of the first five seasons immediately following the Second World War. During the 1950s, we continued our on-field success under the leadership of manager Sir Matt Busby, who built a popular and famous team based on youth players known as the \"Busby Babes.\" [PAR] 1958 [PAR] In February 1958, an airplane crash resulted in the death of eight of our first team players. Global support and tributes followed this disaster as Busby galvanized the team around such popular players as George Best, Bobby Charlton and Denis Law. Rebuilding of the club culminated with a victory in the 1968 European Cup final, becoming the first English club to win this title. [PAR] 1986 [PAR] In 1986, our club appointed Sir Alex Ferguson as manager. In 1990, we won the FA Cup and began a period of success that has continued until the present day. Since 1992, we have won the Premier League 13 times. In total, we have won a record 20 English League titles, a record 12 FA Cups, 4 League Cups, 3 European Champions Cups and 1 FIFA Club World Cup, making us one of the most successful clubs in England. [PAR] 2012/13 [PAR] At the end of the 2012/13 season, Sir Alex Ferguson retired as team manager. Sir Alex remains a key member of the club as he is a director of Manchester United FC. David Moyes was our manager during the 2013/14 season and departed the club in April 2014. Following this departure, Ryan Giggs assumed responsibility for the first team as interim manager. [PAR] 2014 [PAR] On 19 May 2014, we announced Louis van Gaal as the new team manager of Manchester United under a three-year contract. Louis van Gaal has managed at the top level of European football for over 20 years, and, in that time, he has won domestic titles and domestic cups in three countries, as well as the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Cup, an Intercontinental Cup, two UEFA Super Cups and domestic Super Cups in Holland and Germany. Louis van Gaal took his new post in July 2014 after the FIFA World Cup, where he managed the Dutch national team into third place position. [PAR] OLD TRAFFORD THEATRE OF DREAMS [PAR] Our Old Trafford stadium, commonly known as \"The Theatre of Dreams,\" was originally opened on February 19, 1910 with a capacity of approximately 80,000. During the Second World War, Old Trafford was used by the military as a depot, and on March 11, 1941 was heavily damaged by a German bombing raid. The stadium was rebuilt following the war and reopened on August 24, 1949. The addition of floodlighting, permitting evening matches, was completed in 1957 and a project to cover the stands with roofs was completed in 1959. After a series of additions during the 1960s, 1970s and early"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Kildare (TV Series 1961\u20131966) - IMDb Dr. Kildare (TV Series 1961\u20131966) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The dramatic relationship between a young medical intern and his surgeon mentor. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] A Japanese-American doctor discovers that his pregnant Japanese-born wife, who he thought was from Tokyo, was actually from Nagasaki and was in that city when the atomic bomb was dropped there at the... [PAR] 9.6 [PAR] Kildare puts two women together as roommates in Blair: a highly maternal elderly woman and a young commercial artist diagnosed with a debilitating illness. But the two do not get along well due to ... [PAR] 9.6 [PAR] A man suffers a heart attack after coming to see his blind daughter, whom he abandoned when she was a child in order to live a vagabond life. The daughter refuses to forgive him and will not accept ... [PAR] 9.4 [PAR] a list of 112 titles [PAR] created 10 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 78 titles [PAR] created 30 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 28 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Dr. Kildare \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Dr. Kildare (1961\u20131966) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 1 win & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Gritty realistic hospital drama featuring manly Dr. Casey against the medical establishment, at first under the watchful eye of Dr. Zorba and later under the thumb of Chief of Surgery Dr. Freeland. [PAR] Stars: Vince Edwards, Sam Jaffe, Jeanne Bates [PAR] The adventures of two young drifters across America. [PAR] Stars: Martin Milner, George Maharis, Glenn Corbett [PAR] The show is about doctors Marcus Welby, a general practitioner and Steven Kiley, Welby's young assistant. The two try to treat people as individuals in an age of specialized medicine and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Robert Young, James Brolin, Elena Verdugo [PAR] The Thorn Birds (TV Mini-Series 1983) [PAR] Drama [PAR] This mini series covers 60 years in the lives of the Cleary family, brought from New Zealand to Australia to run their aunt Mary Carson's ranch. The story centers on their daughter, Meggie,... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Richard Chamberlain, Rachel Ward, Christopher Plummer [PAR] The cases of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation. [PAR] Stars: Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Philip Abbott, William Reynolds [PAR] A doctor, wrongly convicted for a murder he didn't commit, escapes custody and must stay ahead of the police to find the real killer. [PAR] Stars: David Janssen, William Conrad, Barry Morse [PAR] The misadventures of the family staff of The Shady Rest Hotel and their neighbors of Hooterville. [PAR] Stars: Edgar Buchanan, Linda Henning, Bea Benaderet [PAR] Mannix worked originally for Wickersham at Intertect and then struck out on his own, assisted by Peggy Fair (whose cop-husband had been killed) and police department contact Tobias. [PAR] Stars: Mike Connors, Gail Fisher, Ward Wood [PAR] An English navigator becomes both pawn and player in the deadly political games in"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sentinella Malaga Feb 10 by Sentinella Malaga - issuu The Sentinella Malaga Feb 10 by Sentinella Malaga - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] Advertising Bar / Shop Supplies Printing / Graphic Design Web Design & Hosting [PAR] Pg 8,69 Pg 63 Pg 74,75 Pg 7 [PAR] Data Storage Internet Providers [PAR] Accountants / Finance / Legal Insurance [PAR] Dentists Doctors Hair & Nails Hypnotherapists Massage & Beauty Centres Nurse / Care Worker Mobility scooters Physiotherapy [PAR] Air conditioning & Heating Builders / Construction Electricians Furniture & Auctions Gardeners Garden Centres Glazing / Glass Curtains Mould Removal Plumbers Retaining Walls [PAR] Pg 5,14-19, 27 [PAR] Pg 51,56, Pg 3,45,65 [PAR] Pg 22,23 Pg 20,25 Pg 21,22,24 Pg 20,25 Pg 21 Pg 22 Pg 24 Pg 25 [PAR] Pg 9 Pg 11,32,40,78 Pg 34 Pg 10,43,44 Pg 38,69 Pg 39 Pg 41 Pg 9 Pg 31,32 Pg 31,39 [PAR] Security & surveilance TV / Satellite Water Softeners Welding Engineers [PAR] Horseriding Music Lessons Scuba Diving [PAR] Pg 6 Pg 35,61,67,79 Pg 42 Pg 35 [PAR] Pg 26 Pg 47 Pg 62 [PAR] Astrologists Nursery schools [PAR] Dog hotels Kennels & cattery Pet Transport [PAR] Pg 44,67 Pg 69 Pg 33 [PAR] Businesses for sale Estate Agents Holiday Apartments Private Sales / Rentals [PAR] Pg 54 Pg 55 Pg 54 Pg 54 [PAR] Greeting Cards / Gift Shops Jewellery Online Shopping Florist [PAR] Car Hire House Clearances Mechanics Removals Van Hire [PAR] Pg 10,12,43,65,71 Pg 42 Pg 69 Pg 10 [PAR] Pg 80 Pg 13,33 Pg 70 Pg 13,33,42,45 Pg 33 [PAR] that actually happened. They didn't seem to realise they could have caused a serious accident if they'd got anywhere near a real train,\" said one officer. DIY train buffs go loco Train buffs are facing jail after building their own ramshackle locomotive and taking it on the public rail network. The six-seater train, made out of garden furniture and salvaged train parts, was powered by an electric motor and even had its own refreshments car in the shape of a crate of beer. Police in Erfut, Germany, were alerted after residents of properties adjoining the railway spotted the unorthodox vehicle. Police had to call in a helicopter to find and follow the makeshift train as the police cars could not follow it along the tracks. Railway bosses had been asked to suspend all services to avoid a collision although the train buffs had chosen to have their drive when there had been no trains scheduled. \"It seems to be one of those mad pub ideas [PAR] Orangutan becomes hit snapper An orangutan is making a monkey out of professional photographers after becoming one of the world's most popular snappers. Nonja's handiwork has been viewed by tens of thousands of fans after keepers at Vienna's Schoenbrunn zoo in Austria gave her a digital camera and set up a Facebook page for her. Snaps from the digital camera, which issues fruit treats whenever a picture is taken, are uploaded instantly over a WiFi link. \"It's an attempt to see the world through her eyes and see what she thinks is important. She's very artistic,\" said one keeper. Nonja turned to photography after a spell as a painter where her works often reach up to \u00c2\u01412,000 at auction. Cops crash supercar Italian police officers wrote off a \u00c2\u0141200,000 supercar given to them by Lamborghini when it smashed into a row of parked cars. The 202mph Gallardo coupe was one of two donated to police by the luxury motor manufacturer to help with high speed pursuits. Witnesses say the police car had accelerated"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Valentine's Day Fun Fact,Valentines Day Superstitions ... Valentine's Day Fun Fact - Valentines Day Superstitions, Valentines Love Superstitions [PAR] Valentine's Day Fun Fact [PAR] Valentine's Day \u00bb Valentine's Day Fun \u00bb Valentine's Day Fun Fact [PAR] Valentine's Day Fun Fact [PAR] Here is the most enjoyable and unbelievable collection of Valentine's Day Fun Facts. Share these fun facts with your friends to amaze them this Valentine Day. [PAR] About 1 billion Valentine's Day cards are exchanged in US each year. That's the largest seasonal card-sending occasion of the year, next to Christmas. [PAR] Women purchase 85% of all valentines. [PAR] In order of popularity, Valentine's Day cards are given to teachers, children, mothers, wives, sweethearts and pets. [PAR] Parents receive 1 out of every 5 valentines. [PAR] About 3% of pet owners will give Valentine's Day gifts to their pets. [PAR] Valentine's Day and Mother's Day are the biggest holidays for giving flowers. [PAR] Worldwide, over 50 million roses are given for Valentine's Day each year. [PAR] California produces 60 percent of American roses, but the vast number sold on Valentine's Day in the United States are imported, mostly from South America. Approximately 110 million roses, the majority red, will be sold and delivered within a three-day time period. [PAR] 73% of people who buy flowers for Valentine's Day are men, while only 27 percent are women. [PAR] Men buy most of the millions of boxes of candy and bouquets of flowers given on Valentine's Day. [PAR] In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear these names on their sleeves for one week. To wear your heart on your sleeve now means that it is easy for other people to know how you are feeling. [PAR] The Italian city of Verona, where Shakespeare's lovers Romeo and Juliet lived, receives about 1,000 letters addressed to Juliet every Valentine's Day. [PAR] Richard Cadbury invented the first Valentines Day candy box in the late 1800s. [PAR] Alexander Graham Bell applied for his patent on the telephone, an \"Improvement in Telegraphy\", on Valentine's Day, 1876. [PAR] The oldest surviving love poem till date is written in a clay tablet from the times of the Sumerians, inventors of writing, around 3500 B.C [PAR] Amongst the earliest Valentine's Day gifts were candies. The most common were chocolates in heart shaped boxes. [PAR] In some countries, a young woman may receive a gift of clothing from a prospective suitor. If the gift is kept, then it means she has accepted his proposal of marriage [PAR] If an individual thinks of five or six names considered to be suitable marriage partners and twists the stem of an apple while the names are being recited, then it is believed the eventual spouse will be the one whose name was recited at the moment the stem broke. [PAR] In Medieval times, girls ate unusual foods on St Valentine's Day to make them dream of their future husband. [PAR] Valentine's Day Superstitions [PAR] It is said that the kind of bird a girl watches on Valentine's Day predicts her future husband. For instance: [PAR] Sparrow: a poor man [PAR] Blackbird: a priest or clergyman [PAR] Crossbill: an argumentative man [PAR] If an apple is cut in half, the number of seeds found inside the fruit will indicate the number of children that individual will have. [PAR] To be awoken by a kiss on Valentine's Day is considered lucky. [PAR] On Valentine's Day, the first guy's name you read in the paper or hear on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Hope Valentines Day Jeopardy Template New Hope Valentines Day Jeopardy Template [PAR] What is the fruit that is also known as the \"love apple?\" [PAR] 300 [PAR] 51-75% [PAR] What is the percentage of flowers bought on Valentine's Day are bought by men? 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% or 76-100% [PAR] 300 [PAR] What is the type of love eros symbolizes? [PAR] 300 [PAR] What is the exact number in which the word \"love\" appear in the Bible? 700,711,722,733,744,800,811,822,833,844 [PAR] 300 [PAR] Who is the person prince eric marrys? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Al Capone, Bugs Moran [PAR] Who is the one of the two mob bosses that believed to be involved in the St Valentine's Day massacre. Name both get double points [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is the color M&M is thought to be an aprhrodisiac? [PAR] 400 [PAR] .What is the type of love ludus symbolizes? [PAR] 400 [PAR] 85% [PAR] What is the Approx. percentage of Valentine's cards are bought by women? 50%, 70%, 75%, 85% or 90%? [PAR] 400 [PAR] The little red hair girl [PAR] Who is the person Charlie Brown hope to get a Valentine from? [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is Cupids name in Greek methology? [PAR] 500 [PAR] What is the most popular way to say \"Be Mine\" [PAR] 500 [PAR] What is the type of love agape symbolizes? [PAR] 500 [PAR] The Office [PAR] What is the name of the TV sitcom that one of the characters said to have proposed to another on Valentine's Day by putting the message \"Lee love Dawn, marriage?\" in their local paper[DOC] [TLE] 1. Who had a top 10 hit in the UK with Cupid in 1961 ... 1. Who had a top 10 hit in the UK with Cupid in 1961? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. Who had a top 10 hit in the UK with Cupid in 1961? [PAR] 2. Who wrote the poem A Red, Red Rose? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Who wrote the poem A Red, Red Rose? [PAR] 3. Which company manufactures Love Hearts \u2013 packets of small round sweets each of which had a short message on? [PAR] 4. Which 1999 Oscar-winning film has a title which refers to a breed of rose and features a red rose on its poster? [PAR] 5. Who played the title role in the film Shirley Valentine? [PAR] 6. Approximately what percentage of Valentine's cards are bought by women? 50%, 70% or 85%? [PAR] 7. In which TV sitcom is one of the characters said to have proposed to another on Valentine's Day by putting the message \u201cLee love Dawn, marriage?\u201d in their local paper? [PAR] 8. In which century were the Wars Of The Roses fought? [PAR] 9. The word love as used in the scoring of tennis is thought to have originated from the French word for what type of food? [PAR] 10. How many times does the word love appear in the Bible? 3, 73 or 733? [PAR] 11. Who was the first woman in space? [PAR] 12. Which multi-Oscar-winning movie has been described as \u2018Dangerously close to being a Shirley Valentine for middle aged men? [PAR] 13. Who abolished St Valentine's Day, Hogmanay and Hallowe\u2019en as being altogether too frivolous and irreligious? [PAR] 14. Who, in the title of a Shakespeare play, are Valentine and Proteus? [PAR] 15. Who was the Greek goddess of love? [PAR] 16. Plus or minus 100 years, on what date was the first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does \"love\" mean in tennis? | Dictionary.com Blog What does \"love\" mean in tennis? | Dictionary.com Blog [PAR] July 11, 2010 by: Dictionary.com 53 Comments [PAR] A novice tennis fan wouldn\u2019t be blamed for being confused about who\u2019s winning a match\u2014an understanding of the language of tennis scores is needed to appreciate the game! Unlike soccer, basketball, and baseball, which simply count points for every goal, basket, and run, tennis has a scoring system (and lexicon) all its own. [PAR] At the beginning of the game, when both sides have no score, the game is love-love because in tennis, love means having a score of zero or nil. One point brings a player to 15, two to 30; and three to 40. The next point wins the game, unless a complex series of tiebreakers comes into play, because in order to win a tennis match, a player must win by a margin of two. [PAR] Where did the game gets its affectionate score for zero? The Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the term might be rooted in the colloquial phrase \u201cfor love,\u201d meaning \u201cwithout stakes being wagered.\u201d This theory reflects the sport\u2019s long history of etiquette and sportsmanship. Others theorize that love arose from the French word for \u201cegg,\u201d l\u2019oeuf, because a zero on a scoreboard resembles an egg. This is a clever claim, but it remains unsubstantiated. [PAR] Tennis might have ended up with a different name altogether. Major Walter Wingfield, who laid down the rules for modern tennis, had another name for tennis. He called it sphairistike, based on the Greek phrase \u201cskill in playing at ball.\u201d The word tennis most likely comes from the French word tenetz \u2014 meaning \u201chold!\u201d \u2014 the imperative conjugation of the verb tenir. Etymologists hypothesize that this was an early command used in the game, but there is no firm evidence to support this. [PAR] Have you heard other theories about why love is used in tennis?[DOC] [TLE] Expressions & Sayings (O) - TalkTalk Expressions & Sayings (O) [PAR] Expressions & Sayings [PAR] Odour of sanctity - sanctimonious manner; simulated holiness [PAR] A medieval term for the sweet odour said to have been given off by the bodies of saintly people at their death or when exhumed for appropriate reburial after official translation into sainthood. It was felt to be evidence of saintship. From being a metaphor for a reputation for holiness it has degenerated into one for hypocrisy and given rise to in bad odour (in disfavour). [PAR] Oedipus complex - male mother-fixation [PAR] This popular definition is a rough-and-ready simplification of what the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud had in mind when choosing the term to describe certain features of infant sexuality. His theories had to do with the unconscious sexual desires in a way that aroused the jealousy of the other parent; this condition was held to be responsible for certain personality disorders in adults. In the Greek story, dramatised by Sophocles (496-406 BC), Oedipus was fated to kill his father, King of Thebes, and marry his mother Jocasta, both of which he unknowingly did. When he discovered his guilt, Jocasta hanged herself and Oedipus put out his eyes. [PAR] Of the first water - of the highest quality, without equal [PAR] Of the first water is heard today almost exclusively in a negative, sarcastic sense, as in 'a scoundrel of the first water'. The original use of first water was, however, one of straightforward admiration verging on awe. Jewellers and gem merchants have, for hundreds of years, rated the quality of diamonds and pearls in terms of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2.01 All About the Main Characters (Friends) - stason.org 2.01 All About the Main Characters (Friends) [PAR] 2.01 All About the Main Characters (Friends) [PAR] Description [PAR] This article is from the Friends FAQ , by Andy J. Williams AndyJW@dartmouth.edu with numerous contributions by others. [PAR] 2.01 All About the Main Characters (Friends) [PAR] David Schwimmer as Ross Geller [PAR] Courteney Cox as Monica Geller [PAR] Matthew Perry as Chandler Bing [PAR] Matt LeBlanc as Joey Tribbiani [PAR] Jennifer Aniston as Rachel Karen Green [PAR] Lisa Kudrow as Phoebe Buffay [PAR] The main characters are detailed here. Facts about them are followed by the [PAR] episode from which the information was gleaned. See the episode guide. [PAR] Ross Geller (David Schwimmer): Ross is Monica's brother. He has a Ph.D. as a [PAR] paleontologist and works for a museum. [102]. His wife divorced him after [PAR] she realised/decided that she was a lesbian [101]. Much of season one [PAR] involved her pregnancy (discovered in episode 102). She finally gave birth [PAR] to Ross' son Ben [123] and both she and her partner want Ross to be involved [PAR] with the child to some degree [211] Ross speaks very precisely [103] and is [PAR] somewhat shy. He has been madly in love with Rachel since the ninth grade. [PAR] At the end of the first season, he gave up on Rachel and began seeing Julie, [PAR] whom he knew in Grad School and re-met on a trip to China [208] But they got [PAR] over their differences and are dating now. [214] He had a pet monkey named [PAR] Marcel [110] who he had to send to zoo when he (the monkey) hit puberty. [PAR] Ross must be either 28 or 29 based on the following clues: We know he is [PAR] older than Monica and Rachel, and that he had a crush on Rachel in High [PAR] School. This would mean that he is between 0 and 3 school years older than [PAR] Rachel. Had he been born nine months before Monica, it is conceivable that [PAR] they would have been the same grade, but this possibility is ruled out by [PAR] \"George Stephanopoulos,\" [104] aired on 10/13/94, in which he states that [PAR] his birthday was \"seven months ago,\" in around March] On the other hand, [PAR] \"Candy Hearts\" [114] establishes that he hadn't dated in 9 years (since [PAR] early '86) and \"George Stephanopoulos\" [104] indicates that he was married [PAR] for 7 years (since late '87). Chandler states in \"Rachel Finds Out,\" [124] [PAR] that Ross fell for Carol in college, making Ross' high school graduation in [PAR] '85 at the latest. Combined, this tells us that Ross must be either 28 or 29 [PAR] (2 or 3 years older than Monica/Rachel). Note that this would seem to [PAR] indicate that Ross got married while still an undergraduate. [PAR] Monica Geller (Courteney Cox): Monica is Ross' sister. She was a cook at a [PAR] trendy restaurant, Iridium, on 65th and Broadway [101] until she was fired [PAR] for accepting a kickback against restaurant policy [205]. She rents the [PAR] apartment where much of the show's action takes place. Considering her [PAR] former job, it is quite an amazing apartment (JG suggests that it might be [PAR] an illegal sublet, see question 2.06). She cannot seem to get her mother to [PAR] approve of her at all [102], [101]. If she doesn't, for once her friends [PAR] love him [103]. And, just once, he turned out to be way too young [122]. [PAR] And, sometimes too old."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | UK | Helen Rollason: Presenter with fighting spirit BBC News | UK | Helen Rollason: Presenter with fighting spirit [PAR] Tuesday, August 10, 1999 Published at 07:15 GMT 08:15 UK [PAR] UK [PAR] Helen Rollason: Presenter with fighting spirit [PAR] Helen always maintained a positive attitude [PAR] The first first female presenter of the BBC sports programme Grandstand, Helen Rollason, has died after a long battle with cancer. [PAR] When Helen Rollason became the first woman to present BBC Television's flagship sports programme Grandstand, she was defying those who, even in 1990, believed the programme would not be taken seriously with a female host. [PAR] The BBC's Peter Sissons looks back at the life of Helen Rollason [PAR] It was an example of her determination, a quality that stayed with her right to the end. [PAR] A self-confessed \"sports nut\", Helen Rollason, an adopted child was born on 11 March 1956. She went to a physical education college and taught PE for three years before moving to Essex radio in 1980 where she became deputy sports editor. [PAR] Rollason became a familiar face as a presenter on Newsround [PAR] Later she worked as a freelance TV sports producer and presenter. At 24 she married John, a biology teacher and they had a daughter Nikki. But the marriage did not last. [PAR] She became well-known to young people in Britain when she presented the children's BBC news programme Newsround. With her great energy and enthusiasm she proved herself a natural communicator. [PAR] Regular slot on sport [PAR] Helen moved to BBC Sport in 1990 and her ability in the Grandstand studio was rewarded with a regular slot on Sport on Friday. Her presenting credits include the Wimbledon Tennis Championships the Summer Olympics in Barcelona in 1992 and Atlanta in 1996, as well as the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Canada. [PAR] In 1990, she became the first female presenter of Grandstand [PAR] She was also involved in ground-breaking projects with disabled athletes. In 1996 she was named as Sports Presenter of the Year. [PAR] But in August 1997, while she was presenting the sports slot on BBC Breakfast News, she complained of acute tiredness and discomfort. [PAR] She was diagnosed as having colon cancer, and the disease had spread to her liver. One of her doctors gave her four months to live. [PAR] Despite this shattering blow, Helen Rollason refused to accept her fate passively and immersed herself in work. [PAR] Although bouts of chemotherapy robbed her of her hair and energy, she rarely missed a day's work. [PAR] A BBC camera followed her around in 1998 and the resultant programme, Hope for Helen, showed her undergoing intensive medical treatment. She maintained a positive attitude in the face of increasingly bad news. \"I want to live so badly,\" she said. [PAR] Charity work [PAR] She accepted the challenge of presenting the sport on the BBC's Six O'clock News [PAR] By now she had become heavily involved in charity work. She helped raise more than \ufffd5 million to set up a cancer wing at the North Middlesex hospital. It will be named after her. [PAR] When, in May 1999, the BBC asked her to present the Friday sports section of the revamped Six O'Clock News, she accepted the challenge despite the cancer having now spread to her lungs. [PAR] There were bad days when the physical pain would become overwhelming. But there were good days too, none more so than when she was awarded an MBE in the Queen's birthday honours. [PAR] \"I cried when I received the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The C Programmes - Kids TV - Classic programmes from ... The C Programmes - Kids TV - Classic programmes from yesteryear. [PAR] B [PAR] From Bad Boyes to Button Moon [PAR] Bad Boyes : A story of a public school where one of the pupils was called Boyes who was bad (pranks, scrapes, the kind of things boys get up to in kids TV). [PAR] Fansite [PAR] Bagpuss : Voted as the best BBC Kids programme of all time. Pink cloth cat that scared the hell out of my mate Chris (his e-mail address can be supplied). Starred Gabriel the banjo wielding Toad (sorry Phill), Madeleine the rag-doll, a woodpecker called Professor Yaffle who was a talking book-end and lots of mice who lived in the marvellous, mechanical, mouse-organ. The mice were hell-bent on heaving everything. Strange how the bigger characters never moved anything! [PAR] Each episode started with Emily, the very young shop owner, bringing a new item for Bagpuss to look at. [PAR] BAGPUSS, DEAR BAGPUSS, [PAR] OLD FAT, FURRY, CAT PUSS. [PAR] WAKE UP AND LOOK AT THIS THING THAT I BRING, [PAR] WAKE UP, BE BRIGHT, BE GOLDEN AND LIGHT, [PAR] OH BAGPUSS, HEAR WHAT I SING. [PAR] The Banana Splits [DVD] [PAR] Banana Splits : Bingo, Fleegle, Drooper and Snorky. One of the most memorable theme tunes and a genuinly funny programme. I always enjoyed the car chase at the end with someone always falling for the \"My cars broken down\" joke. [PAR] Barnaby The Bear : An orange bear with a white face. Appeared at lunchtime in the early 70's. Quite a lot of marketing for the time as you could get hand puppets and place mats. [PAR] The Theme Tune [PAR] BARNABY THE BEAR'S MY NAME [PAR] NEVER CALL ME JACK OR JANE [PAR] I WILL SING MY WAY TO FAME [PAR] BARNABY THE BEAR'S MY NAME [PAR] BIRDS TAUGHT ME TO SING [PAR] WHEN THEY TOOK ME TOO THEIR KING [PAR] FIRST I HAD TO FLY [PAR] IN THE SKY SO HIGH SO HIGH SO HIGH.... [PAR] Battle Of The Planets : So early into the alphabet and possibly the greatest show ever, Stirring theme tune, great stories, loathsome enemies. Ah yesterday! [PAR] 7 Zark 7 - Looked after the undersea base [PAR] 1 Rover 1 - Gave 7 Zark 7 a hand. [PAR] Chief Anderson - Their boss [PAR] Jason - Drove a racing car. [PAR] Tiny - Flew the Phoenix and was fat (that's why his name was Tiny!) [PAR] Princess - Rode a motorbike. [PAR] Keyop - Drove a egg-shaped car thing and spoke funny. [PAR] The loathsome enemy was Zoltar (who reported to \"The Emperor\" which was a bird face on a computer screen) [PAR] A Bear Called Jeremy : This was an ultra cool show about a bear named Jeremy that was made in some sort of stop motion animation. Jeremy went through all sorts of adventures. [PAR] Beat The Teacher : Mark Curry, who went on to present Blue Peter, was the longest serving host of this pupils v. teachers game of Noughts and Crosses. You had to get a question right to get on the board though. The original presenter was Paul Jones, once of Manfred Man and later featured Howard Stapleton (before moving onto Tomorrow's World, where he'd fall off a swing). [PAR] Belle and Sabastian : This was a Japanese animation about a boy and his huge white dog (who all the villagers are afraid of because of her enormous size) who live and have adventures in the Pyrenean mountains."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Starsky & Hutch The Complete Series: Paul ... Amazon.com: Starsky & Hutch The Complete Series: Paul Michael Glaser, David Soul, Bernie Hamilton, Antonio Fargas, Various: Movies & TV [PAR] Starsky & Hutch The Complete Series [PAR] DVD | Box Set [PAR] Starsky & Hutch The Complete Series [PAR] $38.12 Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime Temporarily out of stock. Order now and we'll deliver when available. We'll e-mail you with an estimated delivery date as soon as we have more information. Your account will only be charged when we ship the item. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Gift-wrap available. [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] Add all three to Cart [PAR] Add all three to List [PAR] One of these items ships sooner than the other. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Starsky & Hutch The Complete Series by Paul Michael Glaser DVD $38.12 [PAR] Temporarily out of stock. [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Miami Vice - The Complete Series by Don Johnson DVD $38.12 [PAR] In Stock. [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Airwolf - The Complete Series by Jan-Michael Vincent DVD $22.73 [PAR] In Stock. [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] DVD [PAR] $5.98 Prime [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. [PAR] To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Save Big On Open-Box & Pre-owned: Buy \"Starsky & Hutch The Complete Series\u00e2\u0080\u009d from Amazon Warehouse Deals and save 60% off the $69.98 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all Open-Box & Pre-owned offers from Amazon Warehouse Deals. [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] First Time ALL 4 Seasons Are Available In One Package! [PAR] Since its debut season the popular detective series Starsky & Hutch, produced by Aaron Spelling and Leonard Goldberg and starring Paul Michael Glaser and David Soul was a breakout hit. By Season Two, their way-cool Gran Torino, jive-talking informant Huggy Bear (Antonio Fargas), the boss man Capt. Harold Dobey (Mention Bernie Hamilton) and even Starsky's cable knit, belted sweater were on their way to becoming icons of 70s cool. The show's outrageous style and tongue-in-cheek humor, played alongside Season Three s more serious story lines which made it one of the most popular and innovative cop shows ever. With colorful bad guys, explosive gunplay, big laughs and plenty of burning rubber, the Fourth Season of Starsky & Hutch was an action-packed farewell to this television classic. Known as the epitome of hip 70s action this 93 episode collection is a retro explosion of cops, cars & superstars! [PAR] Produced by Aaron Spelling [PAR] Format: Multiple Formats, Box set, Color, Full Screen, NTSC [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Region: Region 1 (U.S. and Canada only. Read more about DVD formats."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greek Flag: The meanings behind the flag of Greece, by ... The Meaning, Folklore, and History of the Greek Flag [PAR] By deTraci Regula [PAR] Updated April 11, 2016. [PAR] The Greek flag is one of the most recognizable of the world's flags. The simple blue and white design means \"Greece\" to almost everyone. [PAR] [PAR] Description of the Greek Flag [PAR] The Greek flag consists of an equal-armed white cross on a blue ground in the upper left corner of the flag, with the remaining area filled with nine alternating blue-and-white horizontal stripes. The top and bottom stripes of the flag are always blue. There are five blue stripes and four white ones on the Greek flag. [PAR] The flag is always made in a proportion of 2:3. [PAR] History of the Greek Flag [PAR] The current flag was only officially adopted by Greece on December 22, 1978. [PAR] An earlier version of the Greek flag had a diagonal cross in the corner instead of the square one now used. This version of the flag dates back to 1822, just after Greece declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1821. [PAR] [PAR] Meanings and Symbolism of the Greek Flag [PAR] The nine stripes are said to represent the number of syllables in the Greek phrase \"Eleutheria H Thanatos\", usually translated as \"Freedom or Death!\", a battle cry during the final revolt against the Ottoman Occupation. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] America's Best Foodie Cities [PAR] The equal-armed cross represents the Greek Orthodox church, the predominant religion of Greece and the only officially-recognized one. The Church played a crucial role in the fight for independence against the Ottomans, and rebellious monks fought vigorously against the Ottomans. [PAR] The color blue represents the sea which is so important to Greece and such a major portion of its economy. The white represents the waves on the Mediterranean Sea. Blue has also always been a color of protection, seen in the blue eye amulets used to ward off evil, and white is seen as the color of purity. [PAR] As in Greek mythology , there are always other versions and explanations. Some say the nine stripes on the Greek flag represent the Nine Muses of Greek myth, and that the colors of blue and white represent Aphrodite rising up from the sea foam. [PAR] [PAR] Unusual Facts about the Greek Flag [PAR] Unlike most national flags, there is no \"official\" shade of color required. Any blue may be used for the flag, so you will see them ranging from a relatively pale \"baby\" blue to a deep navy blue. Most flags tend to use a dark blue or royal blue but you'll see them in all shades around Greece. The nickname of the Greek flag is \"Galanolefci\", or the \"blue and white\", similar to the way that the American flag is sometimes just called the \"red, white and blue\". [PAR] What European country was forced to change its official flag because it was too close to that of Greece? Click here for the answer . [PAR] Other Flags Seen in Greece [PAR] You will often see the European Union flag displayed with the Greek flag at official spots in Greece. The European Union flag is a deep blue with a circle of gold stars on it, representing the EU nations. [PAR] Greece also proudly flies many \"Blue Flag Beach\" flags over its pristine beaches. This flag is awarded to beaches that meet special standards of cleanliness, both for the sand and the water as well as other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I'm A pEppEr yOuR a pEpPer on Pinterest | Dr Pepper ... 1000+ images about I'm A pEppEr yOuR a pEpPer on Pinterest | Advertising, Sodas and Museums [PAR] Forward [PAR] We all know that Dr Pepper is no longer being bottled in Dublin, Texas, but I just ran across this little tidbit....thought y'all would enjoy. ~ Linda \"Dr. Pepper was very much a real person, Dr. Kenneth Pepper of Rural Retreat, Virginia. The story goes that the founder and creator of the Dr. Pepper Company, Wade Morrison, got his first job at Pepper\u2019s pharmacy in the 1880s. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] The Top 10 Bestselling Soft Drinks - TheRichest stumbleupon [PAR] Email [PAR] Comment [PAR] Do you know that the first soft drink or carbonated beverage was marketed in the 17th century? It was made with water and lemon juice sweetened with honey until English chemist Joseph Priestly developed carbonated water in the 18th century. From then on, the production of soft drinks became a big industry. [PAR] Beverage Digest, a publication dedicated to report about the global non-alcoholic beverage industry, reported the top 10 soft drinks company in the world. In the report, The Coca Cola Company is the number one soft drinks company followed by PepsiCo, Nestle, Suntory, Dr Pepper/Snapple, Danone, Kirin, Red Bull, Master Kong and Asahi. [PAR] Since the late 1800\u2019s, soft drink giants The Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo have always been head to head for the top spot. It was only in 2005 when Pepsi surpassed The Coca Cola Company in market value. In the 1990\u2019s, PepsiCo delivered other products such as snack foods and non-carbonated beverages aside from the Pepsi Brand. [PAR] What are the top 10 bestselling soft drinks in the world? Below is the official list based on the 2013 data of the Beverage Digest. [PAR] 10. Diet Dr Pepper (Dr. Pepper/Snapple) [PAR] Diet Dr Pepper is just one of the brand\u2019s soft drink variants. Dubbed as \u201cthe world\u2019s oldest major soft drink brand in America\u201d, Dr Pepper was created by Charles Alderton in 1880\u2019s in Waco, Texas. Diet Dr Pepper came out into the market in 1962 and was named as \u201cSugar Free Dr. Pepper\u201d. In 2006, Dr Pepper was also ranked as the 10th bestselling soft drink. [PAR] 9. Fanta (Coca Cola) [PAR] Fanta is a fruit-flavored carbonated soft drink created by the Coca Cola Company. It was developed in Germany in 1941 when the Coca Cola syrup was difficult to import to the country due to a trade embargo. Fanta has over 100 different flavors around the world some of which are available only by region. In the United States, its main flavors are orange, pineapple, grape and strawberry. [PAR] 8. Diet Mountain Dew (PepsiCo) [PAR] Diet Mountain Dew is owned and manufactured by PepsiCo. The original Mountain Dew recipe was created by two Tennessee beverage bottlers, Barney and Ally Hartman in 1940. In 1988, the caffeinated citrus-flavored soft drink formerly known as \u201cSugar-free Mountain Dew\u201d was introduced in 1988. Other variants of Diet Mountain Dew are \u201cCode Red\u201d, \u201cVoltage\u201d, and \u201cUltra Violet\u201d. [PAR] 7. Diet Pepsi (PepsiCo) [PAR] [PAR] Diet Pepsi is the no-sugar variant of Pepsi-Cola produced by PepsiCo. It was introduced to the market in 1964 and became the first diet cola to be distributed throughout the United States. In Europe, Diet Pepsi is labelled \u201cPepsi Light\u201d or \u201cPepsi Diet\u201d. It has other flavor variants including vanilla, lemon, wild cherry, lime and caffeine-free Diet Pepsi. [PAR] 6. Sprite (Coca Cola) [PAR] [PAR] Manufactured and produced by the Coca Cola Company, Sprite is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The | Define The at Dictionary.com The | Define The at Dictionary.com [PAR] definite article [PAR] 1. [PAR] (used, especially before a noun, with a specifying or particularizing effect, as opposed to the indefinite or generalizing force of the indefinite article a or an): [PAR] the book you gave me; Come into the house. [PAR] 2. [PAR] (used to mark a proper noun, natural phenomenon, ship, building, time, point of the compass, branch of endeavor, or field of study as something well-known or unique): [PAR] the sun; the Alps; the Queen Elizabeth; the past; the West. [PAR] 3. [PAR] (used with or as part of a title): [PAR] the Duke of Wellington; the Reverend John Smith. [PAR] 4. [PAR] (used to mark a noun as indicating the best-known, most approved, most important, most satisfying, etc.): [PAR] the skiing center of the U.S.; If you're going to work hard, now is the time. [PAR] 5. [PAR] (used to mark a noun as being used generically): [PAR] The dog is a quadruped. [PAR] 6. [PAR] (used in place of a possessive pronoun, to note a part of the body or a personal belonging): [PAR] He won't be able to play football until the leg mends. [PAR] 7. [PAR] (used before adjectives that are used substantively, to note an individual, a class or number of individuals, or an abstract idea): [PAR] to visit the sick; from the sublime to the ridiculous. [PAR] 8. [PAR] (used before a modifying adjective to specify or limit its modifying effect): [PAR] He took the wrong road and drove miles out of his way. [PAR] 9. [PAR] (used to indicate one particular decade of a lifetime or of a century): [PAR] the sixties; the Gay Nineties. [PAR] 10. [PAR] (one of many of a class or type, as of a manufactured item, as opposed to an individual one): [PAR] Did you listen to the radio last night? [PAR] 11. [PAR] enough: [PAR] He saved until he had the money for a new car. She didn't have the courage to leave. [PAR] 12. [PAR] (used distributively, to note any one separately) for, to, or in each; a or an: [PAR] at one dollar the pound. [PAR] Origin of the1 [PAR] adverb [PAR] 1. [PAR] (used to modify an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree and to signify \u201cin or by that,\u201d \u201con that account,\u201d \u201cin or by so much,\u201d or \u201cin some or any degree\u201d): [PAR] He's been on vacation and looks the better for it. [PAR] 2. [PAR] (used in correlative constructions to modify an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree, in one instance with relative force and in the other with demonstrative force, and signifying \u201cby how much \u2026 by so much\u201d or \u201cin what degree \u2026 in that degree\u201d): [PAR] the more the merrier; The bigger they are, the harder they fall. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Expand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hunt for Red October (1990) - IMDb The Hunt for Red October (1990) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Hunt for Red October ( 1990 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] In November 1984, the Soviet Union's best submarine captain in their newest sub violates orders and heads for the USA. Is he trying to defect or to start a war? [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 16 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 07 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 23 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 09 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: The Hunt for Red October (1990) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When CIA Analyst Jack Ryan interferes with an IRA assassination, a renegade faction targets him and his family for revenge. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] CIA Analyst Jack Ryan is drawn into an illegal war fought by the US government against a Colombian drug cartel. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] On a US nuclear missile sub, a young first officer stages a mutiny to prevent his trigger happy captain from launching his missiles before confirming his orders to do so. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] Dr. Richard Kimble, unjustly accused of murdering his wife, must find the real killer while being the target of a nationwide manhunt. [PAR] Director: Andrew Davis [PAR] CIA analyst Jack Ryan must stop the plans of a Neo Nazis faction that threatens to induce a catastrophic conflict between the United States and Russia's newly elected president by detonating a nuclear weapon at a football game in Baltimore. [PAR] Director: Phil Alden Robinson [PAR] A mild-mannered chemist and an ex-con must lead the counterstrike when a rogue group of military men, led by a renegade general, threaten a nerve gas attack from Alcatraz against San Francisco. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] Hijackers seize the plane carrying the President of the United States and his family, but he - an ex-soldier - works from hiding to defeat them. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] A lawyer becomes a target by a corrupt politician and his NSA goons when he accidentally receives key evidence to a serious politically motivated crime. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] An insurance agent is sent by her employer to track down and help capture an art thief. [PAR] Director: Jon Amiel [PAR] US Marshal Samuel Gerard (Jones) and his team of Marshals are assigned to track down Sheridan (Snipes), who has been accused of a double-murder. [PAR] Director: Stuart Baird [PAR] Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Soviets create a new nuclear submarine that runs silent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clue Game - Cluedo - Clue Weapons, Board Game, Characters ... Clue Game - Cluedo - Clue Weapons, Board Game, Characters - Clue Instructions [PAR] Simpsons Clue [PAR] Playing the Board Game Clue [PAR] Clue is a murder mystery board game, also known as the Cluedo board game. The game is based on the crime fiction genre of pop literature. Players take the role of crime investigator searching for clues. [PAR] To solve the crime, players must guess the correct answer to three questions: who committed the crime, where was the crime committed and with what weapon did they commit the crime? This is the source of famous quotes from the board game Clue, such as \"Colonel Mustard did it in the Conservatory with the revolver.\" [PAR] There are six to nine possibilities for each answer, which each player can eliminate from suspicion as the game progresses. The game is over when one player guesses all three questions correctly. To guess any one of the three questions wrong is to immediately lose the game, and give the other players extra clues to help them win. [PAR] The History of Clue the Game [PAR] Clue (the game) was created in 1948 by Anthony E. Pratt, a bureaucrat from Birmingham, England. He termed the game Cluedo. Game players in England still use the name Cluedo for the game, in fact.. Mr. Pratt sold the distribution rights to Parker Brothers Limited, the famed American game manufacturer. Parker Brothers continues to distribute Clue to this day, though it is now a subsidiary of Hasbro. [PAR] Clue Game Pieces - Clue Characters and Weapons [PAR] Here's a summary of the Clue game pieces. Most of the Clue game pieces consist of the Clue characters and weapons. [PAR] The Suspects - Clue Board Game Characters [PAR] There are six suspects in Clue. The suspects in the classic version are Colonel Mustard, Miss Peacock, Professor Plum, Mrs. White, Mr. Green and Miss Scarlet. None of these Clue board game characters were fleshed out in the original; they were simply pictures on a card. [PAR] The characters are also represented by colored game pieces. Each color corresponds to a particular character. Therefore, Colonel Mustard is yellow, Miss Peacock is blue, Professor Plum is purple, Mr. White is white, Mr. Green is green and Miss Scarlet is red. [PAR] The Murder Weapons in Clue - Weapons List [PAR] There are also six possible murder weapons in Clue. The Clue weapons list includes the knife, the revolver, the wrench, the rope, the candlestick and the lead pipe. [PAR] There murder weapons are represented by game pieces, too. When a player suggests a possible combination for the murder, the corresponding game piece is moved to the room being suggested. Otherwise, these pieces have no role in the game. [PAR] The Rooms [PAR] There are nine rooms in which the crime might have taken place. These murder took place in a mansion and the nine rooms are ostensibly found in the mansion. It is these rooms that make up the layout of the game board. [PAR] The Game of Clue - The Game Board [PAR] The game of Clue has a game board with nine rooms in it. The rooms are found along the perimeter of the board, while two of the rooms are found on the interior. There is a secret passage which connects the Lounge with the Conservatory, and vice versa. There is also a secret passage which connects the Study to the Kitchen, and vice versa. [PAR] In the center is found what appears to be a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The unknown soldier's journey from trench to tomb - BBC News The unknown soldier's journey from trench to tomb - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] The unknown soldier's journey from trench to tomb [PAR] By Mario Cacciottolo BBC News [PAR] 11 November 2010 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption The tomb, in London's Westminster Abbey [PAR] The unknown warrior was carried from a French battlefield 90 years ago, to be laid to rest among kings and statesmen in Westminster Abbey. But how did this symbol of the sacrifice of war come to be chosen? [PAR] In 1916, a Church of England clergyman serving at the Western Front in World War I spotted an inscription on an anonymous war grave which gave him an idea. [PAR] That moment of inspiration would blossom into a worldwide ceremony that is still being replicated in the 21st Century - the grave of an unknown warrior, symbolising those who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country. [PAR] The Reverend David Railton caught sight of the grave in a back garden at Armentieres in France in 1916, with a rough cross upon which was pencilled the words \"An Unknown British Soldier\". [PAR] Image caption The coffin of the unknown warrior was carried from the citadel in Boulogne and left for England. [PAR] Soldiers salute as the coffin leaves France [PAR] Who came up with the idea? [PAR] In August 1920 Mr Railton wrote to the Dean of Westminster, Herbert Ryle, to suggest having a nationally recognised grave for an unknown soldier. The idea - which had also been mooted by the Daily Express newspaper the year before - was presented to the government and quickly taken up. [PAR] Memories of the war, in which a million British people had died, were still raw and the thousands of bodies that lay unidentified were a blight on Britain's conscience. [PAR] \"Those parents and wives who had lost men to war didn't have anything tangible to grieve at, so the unknown warrior represented their loss,\" says Terry Charman, a historian at the Imperial War Museum. [PAR] But there was a procedure in choosing a single corpse to represent the many unnamed dead. The unknown warrior's body was chosen from a number of British servicemen exhumed from four battle areas - the Aisne, the Somme, Arras and Ypres. These remains were brought to the chapel at St Pol on the night of 7 November 1920, where the officer in charge of troops in France and Flanders, Brig Gen L J Wyatt, went with a Col Gell. [PAR] Neither had any idea where the bodies, laid on stretchers and covered by union jacks, were from. [PAR] Clues to his identity [PAR] \"[He was] probably a regular army soldier of the original 'contemptible' British expeditionary force, and therefore a young unmarried man in his 20s or possibly an older married reservist recalled from civilian life to the colours. [PAR] \"He might have been a Territorial, since the London Scottish and other Territorial units were at the Western Front from September 1914. He was not navy or air force, a 'new army' volunteer, conscript, or dominion soldier.\" [PAR] By National Biography's Roger T Stearn [PAR] Unknown Warrior on Oxford Dictionary of National Biography [PAR] \"The point was that it literally could have been anybody,\" says Mr Charman. \"It could have been an earl or a duke's son, or a labourer from South Africa. [PAR] \"The idea really caught the public mood, as it was a very democratic thing that it could have been someone from any rank.\" [PAR] Gen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997) - IMDb Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery ( 1997 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] A 1960s hipster secret agent is brought out of cryofreeze to oppose his greatest enemy in the 1990s, where his social attitudes are glaringly out of place. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 23 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 05 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 04 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 18 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Title: Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997) [PAR] 7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Dr. Evil is back...and has invented a new time machine that allows him to go back to the 60's and steal Austin Powers's mojo, inadvertently leaving him \"shagless\". [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] Upon learning that his father has been kidnapped, Austin Powers must travel to 1975 and defeat the aptly named villain Goldmember - who is working with Dr. Evil. [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] Two slacker friends try to promote their public-access cable show. [PAR] Director: Penelope Spheeris [PAR] The inseparable duo try to organize a rock concert while Wayne must fend off a record producer who has an eye for his girlfriend. [PAR] Director: Stephen Surjik [PAR] Popular Broadway actor Gary Johnston is recruited by the elite counter-terrorism organization Team America: World Police. As the world begins to crumble around him, he must battle with terrorists, celebrities and falling in love. [PAR] Director: Trey Parker [PAR] After Homer accidentally pollutes the town's water supply, Springfield is encased in a gigantic dome by the EPA and the Simpson family are declared fugitives. [PAR] Director: David Silverman [PAR] A rejected hockey player puts his skills to the golf course to save his grandmother's house. [PAR] Director: Dennis Dugan [PAR] When the four boys see an R-rated movie featuring Canadians Terrance & Phillip, they are pronounced \"corrupted\", and their parents pressure the United States to wage war against Canada. [PAR] Director: Trey Parker [PAR] A goofy detective specializing in animals goes in search of a missing dolphin mascot of a football team. [PAR] Director: Tom Shadyac [PAR] Ron Burgundy is San Diego's top-rated newsman in the male-dominated broadcasting of the 1970s, but that's all about to change for Ron and his cronies when an ambitious woman is hired as a new anchor. [PAR] Director: Adam McKay [PAR] A group of misfits enter a Las Vegas dodgeball tournament in order to save their cherished local gym from the onslaught of a corporate health fitness chain. [PAR] Director: Rawson Marshall Thurber [PAR] Planet Spaceballs' President Skroob sends Lord Dark Helmet to steal planet Druidia's abundant supply of air to replenish their own, and only Lone Starr can stop them. [PAR] Director: Mel Brooks [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Austin Powers is a 60's spy who is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IBM100 - Deep Blue - IBM - United States IBM100 - Deep Blue [PAR] IBM100 [PAR] Choose your Country and Language: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] On May 11, 1997, an IBM computer called IBM \u00ae Deep Blue \u00ae beat the world chess champion after a six-game match: two wins for IBM, one for the champion and three draws. The match lasted several days and received massive media coverage around the world. It was the classic plot line of man vs. machine. Behind the contest, however, was important computer science, pushing forward the ability of computers to handle the kinds of complex calculations needed to help discover new medical drugs; do the broad financial modeling needed to identify trends and do risk analysis; handle large database searches; and perform massive calculations needed in many fields of science. [PAR] Since the emergence of artificial intelligence and the first computers in the late 1940s, computer scientists compared the performance of these \u201cgiant brains\u201d with human minds, and gravitated to chess as a way of testing the calculating abilities of computers. The game is a collection of challenging problems for minds and machines, but has simple rules, and so is perfect for such experiments. [PAR] Over the years, many computers took on many chess masters, and the computers lost. [PAR] IBM computer scientists had been interested in chess computing since the early 1950s. In 1985, a graduate student at Carnegie Mellon University, Feng-hsiung Hsu, began working on his dissertation project: a chess playing machine he called ChipTest. A classmate of his, Murray Campbell, worked on the project, too, and in 1989, both were hired to work at IBM Research. There, they continued their work with the help of other computer scientists, including Joe Hoane, Jerry Brody and C. J. Tan. The team named the project Deep Blue. The human chess champion won in 1996 against an earlier version of Deep Blue; the 1997 match was billed as a \u201crematch.\u201d [PAR] The champion and computer met at the Equitable Center in New York, with cameras running, press in attendance and millions watching the outcome. The odds of Deep Blue winning were not certain, but the science was solid. The IBMers knew their machine could explore up to 200 million possible chess positions per second. The chess grandmaster won the first game, Deep Blue took the next one, and the two players drew the three following games. Game 6 ended the match with a crushing defeat of the champion by Deep Blue. [PAR] The match\u2019s outcome made headlines worldwide, and helped a broad audience better understand high-powered computing. The 1997 match took place not on a standard stage, but rather in a small television studio. The audience watched the match on television screens in a basement theater in the building, several floors below where the match was actually held. The theater seated about 500 people, and was sold out for each of the six games. The media attention given to Deep Blue resulted in more than three billion impressions around the world. [PAR] Deep Blue had an impact on computing in many different industries. It was programmed to solve the complex, strategic game of chess, so it enabled researchers to explore and understand the limits of massively parallel processing. This research gave developers insight into ways they could design a computer to tackle complex problems in other fields, using deep knowledge to analyze a higher number of possible solutions. The architecture used in Deep Blue was applied to financial modeling, including marketplace trends and risk analysis; data mining\u2014uncovering hidden relationships and patterns in large"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britain's Magnificent 7 \"Major\" Winning Golfers | Bleacher ... Britain's Magnificent 7 \"Major\" Winning Golfers | Bleacher Report [PAR] Britain's Magnificent 7 \"Major\" Winning Golfers [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Stuart Franklin/Getty Images [PAR] 3 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Despite almost dominating the world rankings for the past 12 months, British golfers have only just resumed their assaults on the Major Championships, and it is those currently from Northern Ireland who are leading the charge. [PAR] However, it hasn't always been so prosperous for British golf as it is recently. Only seven British golfers have managed to win a Major in the past 30 years, three coming in the last 12 months, and of those seven, only Nick Faldo and Sandy Lyle managed to win more than one Major. [PAR] The future for British golf is bright, and there is plenty of time for the likes of Graeme McDowell and particularly Rory McIlroy to add more Majors to the ones they have already won. There also remains a number of current British golfers who have the potential to join the list of Major winners in 2012 and beyond. [PAR] Here we look at the last seven British Major winners. [PAR] Sir Nick Faldo, England [PAR] Stuart Franklin/Getty Images [PAR] Faldo is Britain\u2019s first golfing knight, awarded for his prodigious wins in six Major tournaments. The first of those came in 1987 when he scooped the Open Championship with a victory at Muirfield. [PAR] Two years later he emulated his long-standing rival, Sandy Lyle, to win the US Masters, which he won again 12 months later in 1990. That year also saw him win a second British Open, this time at St. Andrews with a then-record low score. He won a third Open Championship with a second victory at Muirfield in 1992. [PAR] His final Major victory came in 1996 in that infamous final round of the Masters title where he came from nowhere to grasp victory from the hands of Greg Norman. [PAR] Rory McIlroy, Northern Ireland [PAR] Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images [PAR] Rory McIlroy followed his great pal, Graeme McDowell, by claiming the 2011 US Open with a record-breaking performance that had to be seen to be believed. [PAR] His score of 268 (16 under par) was just one of several new records for the tournament. The win came just a few weeks after his heartbreaking last round in the Masters, which saw him finish in 15th place after going into the final round with a four-shot lead. [PAR] There's no doubting McIlroy is one of the most exciting players in the sport right now, and at the age of 22 it would be amazing if he did not go on to win multiple Majors over the coming years. [PAR] Other British Players Hoping to Join the List of Major Winners [PAR] Jamie Squire/Getty Images [PAR] British golf really has enjoyed a renaissance in the past couple of years, and it would be a surprise if one or more of these golfers didn't appear on the list of Major winners in 2012. [PAR] A number of players are considered such contenders, including world No. 1 and No. 2, Luke Donald and Lee Westwood respectively, who have come close on numerous occasions but to no avail. It would be astounding if either didn't end that dry spell in the next couple of years. [PAR] Ian Poulter, ranked 18th, and Paul Casey (19th) are also often in the hunt, as are Simon Dyson (28th) and Justin Rose (40th). Of course, with the element of"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Academy Awards Best Actor - Filmsite.org Academy Awards Best Actor [PAR] The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) ); two were consecutive nominations (from 1930/31-1931/32) [PAR] Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins (Philadelphia (1993), Forrest Gump (1994)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1993-1994) [PAR] Sean Penn (5) - with two wins (Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008)); nominations were from 1995-2008 [PAR] The Most Best Actor Nominations: [PAR] Actors with the highest number of Best Actor acting nominations (in parentheses) include: [PAR] Spencer Tracy (9) - with two wins [PAR] Laurence Olivier (9) - with one win (Hamlet (1948)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1939-1940) [PAR] Jack Nicholson (8) - with two wins [PAR] Paul Newman (8) - with one win (The Color of Money (1986)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1981-1982) [PAR] Peter O'Toole (8) - with no wins; two were consecutive nominations (from 1968-1969); nominations from 1962-2006 [PAR] Marlon Brando (7) - with two wins [PAR] Dustin Hoffman (7) - with two wins [PAR] Jack Lemmon (7) - with one win (Save the Tiger (1973)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1959-1960, and from 1979-1980) [PAR] Paul Muni (6) - with one win (The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1935-1937) [PAR] Richard Burton (6) - with no wins; three were consecutive nominations (from 1964-1966) [PAR] Gary Cooper (5) - with two wins [PAR] Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins [PAR] Fredric March (5) - with two wins [PAR] Sean Penn (5) - with two wins [PAR] Daniel Day-Lewis (5) - with three wins [PAR] James Stewart (5) - with one win ( [PAR] Anthony Hopkins (3) - with one win ( The Silence of the Lambs (1991) ); nominations from 1991-1995 [PAR] Russell Crowe (3) - with one win (Gladiator (2000)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1999-2001) [PAR] Jeff Bridges (3) - with one win (Crazy Heart (2009)); nominations from 1984-2010 [PAR] George Clooney (3) - with no wins; nominations from 2007-2011 [PAR] Consecutive Best Actor-Winning Performers: [PAR] There are only two actresses (Luise Rainer and Katharine Hepburn) who have received two consecutive Best Actress awards, as there are only two actors who have received two consecutive Best Actor statuette wins: [PAR] Spencer Tracy (Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)) [PAR] Tom Hanks (Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994)) [PAR] [Note: Jason Robards won two consecutive Best Supporting Actor Oscars in 1976 and 1977.] [PAR] Winners of Both a Lead and Supporting Actor Oscar: [PAR] In 1997, Jack Nicholson tied Walter Brennan for the most wins (3) for a male performer (Brennan has three Best Supporting Actor trophies, Nicholson has two for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting Actor). The only stars to win both a Best Actor and a Best Supporting Actor (BSA) Oscar are the following: [PAR] Jack Nicholson (BA for [PAR] Gene Hackman (BA for The French Connection (1971) , BSA for Unforgiven (1992) ) [PAR] Kevin Spacey (BA for American Beauty (1999), BSA for The Usual Suspects (1995)) [PAR] Denzel Washington (BA for Training Day (2001), BSA for Glory (1989)) [PAR] The Only Best Actor Tie: [PAR] In the Best Actor category, an unusual tie (the only occurrence among male acting performances) occurred in 1931/32 between Wallace Beery and Fredric March, for their respective performances in The Champ (1931/32) and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931/32). [PAR] The Most Best Actor Oscar Nominations - Without Winning: [PAR] Peter O'Toole is the only star with eight Best Actor Oscar nominations without a single win. His record extends 44 years, from 1962 to 2006. [PAR] Richard"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manchester United - 1999 Treble Archive Manchester United - 1999 Treble Archive [PAR] Free 1999 Treble Web Site Animations [PAR] The treble had been called 'the impossible dream'. It was considered that the demands of English football made it almost impossible for an English club to achieve 'the treble'. [PAR] Perhaps history will judge that Manchester United were destined to be the first club to achieve it. Certainly some of the events in the final matches of the season suggested a sense of destiny. And if any further evidence of destiny is needed, the record books also show that only once before had any team been within reach of the treble. Twenty two years previously, Liverpool needed to win the F.A.Cup Final to claim the second of the three trophies that comprise the treble. Liverpool lost, and in doing so confirmed the belief that the elusive treble was beyond realistic expectation. It was Manchester United who beat them that day. [PAR] When United finally clinched the treble, fate also decreed that their final match should be played on the day marking the 90th anniversary of Sir Matt Busby's birth, and against a club from Munich; both Sir Matt and Munich forever linked with the history of Manchester United. [PAR] The treble meant firstly winning the English Premier League - one of the most demanding football leagues in the world in which every team was capable, on their day, of beating any other team. The Premiership was a massive test of consistency and endurance. [PAR] Next was the F.A.Cup - the oldest, most famous, and most competitively contested domestic club competition in football. To win the F.A.Cup at Wembley is for many players the ultimate ambition. A domestic knockout competition, the F.A.Cup offers no second chances - one defeat and the team is out. [PAR] Finally, and hardest of all, the European Club Champions Cup. The most prestigious club competition in world football. The cream of Europe's teams, the best from their respective countries, contest the Cup that bestows the honour of European Champions. This was also a personal quest for both Alex Ferguson and Manchester United. It was United under the legendary Sir Matt Busby who had paved the way for English Clubs to enter the European Cup. In 1958, Sir Matt's young prodigies, the Busby Babes were all but wiped out in the Munich air crash while returning from a European game. It took Busby 10 more years to rebuild a team capable of winning the European Cup which he finally did with his team built around Best, Law, and Charlton. Alex Ferguson had made it his personal Holy Grail for United to be the champions of Europe again. [PAR] To win any one of these competitions would be a success. To win all three was unthinkable. [PAR] Then, in the 1998-1999 season, Alex Ferguson, later Sir Alex, assembled a squad and a team which swept all before them. As the season reached its climax in May 1999, with the team within reach of all three trophies, the dramatic events in those final matches will live in the memories of all football fans who saw them. [PAR] The Premier League was eventually won, by one point, on the last day of the season. If Arsenal won their last game of the season, then only by also winning their final match against Tottenham were United assured of winning the League. In what had become characteristic of United, they promptly went one-nil down before coming back to beat Tottenham 2-1. [PAR] United's place in the F.A.Cup Final had only"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 100 Songs of 1986 - Tripod.com Top 100 Songs of 1986 [PAR] Top 100 Songs of 1986 [PAR] Derived from Billboard's Hottest Hot 100 Hits [PAR] The Bangles; \"Greatest Love Of All,\" Whitney Houston; \"The Next Time I Fall,\" Peter Cetera [PAR] 1. \"That's What Friends Are For\".....Dionne & Friends [PAR] 2. \"Walk Like An Egyptian\".....Bangles [PAR] 3. \"On My Own\".....Patti Labelle & Michael McDonald [PAR] 4. \"The Way It Is\".....Bruce Hornsby & The Range [PAR] 5. \"You Give Love A Bad Name\".....Bon Jovi [PAR] 6. \"Greatest Love Of All\".....Whitney Houston [PAR] 7. \"There'll Be Sad Songs\".....Billy Ocean [PAR] 8. \"How Will I Know\".....Whitney Houston [PAR] 9. \"Kyrie\".....Mr. Mister [PAR] 11. \"The Next Time I Fall\".....Peter Cetera & Amy Grant [PAR] 12. \"Burning Heart\".....Survivor [PAR] 13. \"Stuck With You\".....Huey Lewis & The News [PAR] 14. \"When I Think Of You\".....Janet Jackson [PAR] 15. \"Rock Me Amadeus\".....Falco [PAR] 16. \"West End Girls\".....Pet Shop Boys [PAR] 17. \"Sledgehammer\".....Peter Gabriel [PAR] 21. \"Glory Of Love\".....Peter Cetera [PAR] 22. \"Everybody Have Fun Tonight\".....Wang Chung [PAR] 23. \"Friends And Lovers\".....Gloria Loring & Carl Anderson [PAR] 24. \"Conga\".....Miami Sound Machine [PAR] 27. \"Addicted To Love\".....Robert Palmer [PAR] 28. \"I Can't Wait\".....Nu Shooz [PAR] 29. \"What Have You Done For Me Lately\".....Janet Jackson [PAR] 30. \"Venus\".....Bananarama [PAR] 32. \"Take My Breath Away\".....Berlin [PAR] 33. \"These Dreams\".....Heart [PAR] 34. \"Holding Back The Years\".....Simply Red [PAR] 35. \"Walk Of Life\".....Dire Straits [PAR] 36. \"Dancing On The Ceiling\".....Lionel Richie [PAR] 37. \"Amanda\".....Boston [PAR] 40. \"Talk To Me\".....Stevie Nicks [PAR] 41. \"Mad About You\".....Belinda Carlisle [PAR] 42. \"Don't Forget Me (When I'm Gone)\".....Glass Tiger [PAR] 43. \"When The Going Gets Tough\".....Billy Ocean [PAR] 44. \"Why Can't This Be Love\".....Van Halen [PAR] 45. \"Danger Zone\".....Kenny Loggins [PAR] 46. \"Crush On You\".....The Jets [PAR] 47. \"Hip To Be Square\".....Huey Lewis & The News [PAR] 48. \"Manic Monday\".....Bangles [PAR] 50. \"If You Leave\".....Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark [PAR] \"Everybody Have Fun Tonight,\" Wang Chung; \"Danger Zone,\"Kenny Loggins; \"No One To Blame,\" Howard Jones [PAR] 51. \"Word Up\".....Cameo [PAR] 53. \"No One Is To Blame\".....Howard Jones [PAR] 54. \"To Be A Lover\".....Billy Idol [PAR] 55. \"Throwing It All Away\".....Genesis [PAR] 56. \"Your Love\".....The Outfield [PAR] 57. \"Something About You\".....Level 42 [PAR] 58. \"Let's Go All The Way\".....Sly Fox [PAR] 59. \"Tonight She Comes\".....The Cars [PAR] 60. \"Typical Male\".....Tina Turner [PAR] 62. \"R.O.C.K. In The USA\".....John Cougar Mellencamp [PAR] 63. \"I Didn't Mean To Turn You On\".....Robert Palmer [PAR] 64. \"Who's Johnny\".....El DeBarge [PAR] 65. \"Two Of Hearts\".....Stacey Q [PAR] 67. \"Stand By Me\".....Ben E. King [PAR] 68. \"We Don't Have To Take Our Clothes Off\".....Jermaine Stewart [PAR] 69. \"Take Me Home Tonight\".....Eddie Money [PAR] 70. \"Sweet Freedom\".....Michael McDonald [PAR] 72. \"Words Get In The Way\".....Miami Sound Machine [PAR] 73. \"Love Touch\".....Rod Stewart [PAR] 74. \"All I Need Is A Miracle\".....Mike + The Mechanics [PAR] 75. \"Rumors\".....Times Social Club [PAR] 76. \"Silent Running\".....Mike + The Mechanics [PAR] 77. \"All Cried Out\".....Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam w/ Full Force [PAR] 78. \"Don't Get Me Wrong\".....Pretenders [PAR] 79. \"Baby Love\".....Regina [PAR] 80. \"Spies Like Us\".....Paul McCartney [PAR] 81. \"True Blue\".....Madonna [PAR] 82. \"Living In America\".....James Brown [PAR] 83. \"Take Me Home\".....Phil Collins [PAR] 84. \"Dreamtime\".....Daryl Hall [PAR] 85. \"Bad Boy\".....Miami Sound Machine [PAR] 86. \"Heartbeat\".....Don Johnson [PAR] 88. \"King For A Day\".....Thompson Twins [PAR] 89. \"A Different Corner\".....George Michael [PAR] 90. \"Love Will Conquer All\".....Lionel Richie [PAR] 91. \"Life In A Northern Town\".....The Dream Academy [PAR] 92. \"Go Home\".....Stevie Wonder [PAR] 94. \"Your Wildest Dreams\".....The Moody Blues [PAR] 95. \"Is It Love\".....Mr. Mister [PAR] 96. \"You Should Be Mine\".....Jeffrey Osborne [PAR] 97. \"Harlem Shuffle\".....Rolling Stones"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] One year to go: How do the Rugby World Cup contenders rank? One year to go: How do the Rugby World Cup contenders rank? | The Rugby Blog [PAR] One year to go: How do the Rugby World Cup contenders rank? [PAR] September 18, 2014 [PAR] 21 [PAR] With exactly a year to go until the start of the 2015 Rugby World Cup in England, let\u2019s take a look at how the likely main contenders (taken from top eight in current IRB rankings) might fare in a year\u2019s time. [PAR] NEW ZEALAND [PAR] Form: WWDWWWWW [PAR] World Cup Record: Best \u2013 Winners (1987, 2011), Worst \u2013 Quarter-finalists (2007) [PAR] WC Bogey Team: France. Les Blues knocked the All Blacks out in 2007 and so nearly spoiled the party in the final in 2011. They\u2019re in the same side of the draw next year, too, so a quarter-final encounter is far from out of the equation. [PAR] Most likely tabloid fodder: Sonny Bill Williams. The code-hopping centre will find a way into the media spotlight, whether he\u2019s part of the All Blacks squad this time next year or not. Perhaps he\u2019ll announce a boxing match with Quade Cooper on the day New Zealand play Australia, or something similarly ridiculous. [PAR] Prediction: Winners. They\u2019ve lost one test match since 2011. How can you pick anyone else right now? [PAR] SOUTH AFRICA [PAR] Form: LLWWWWWW [PAR] World Cup Record: Best \u2013 Winners (1995, 2007), Worst \u2013 Quarter-finalists (2003, 2011) [PAR] WC Bogey Team: Australia. Knocked out in the quarter-finals by the Wallabies in 2011 and the semi-finals back in 1999. [PAR] Most likely tabloid fodder: Eben Etzebeth. Baby-faced, good looking and absolutely massive \u2013 you can almost hear Kelly Brook sharpening her man-eating claws already. You have been warned, Eben. [PAR] Prediction: Semi-finalists. They\u2019ll likely come up against Wales or Australia in the quarter finals \u2013 both of whom they can beat, but a semi-final against New Zealand will be their downfall. [PAR] AUSTRALIA [PAR] Form: WLDWWWWW [PAR] World Cup Record: Best \u2013 Winners (1991, 1999), Worst \u2013 Quarter-finalists (1995, 2007) [PAR] WC Bogey Team: England. How could it be anyone else after 2003? They were also knocked out by England in the quarter-finals in 2007, despite being ranked second in the world at the time. [PAR] Most likely tabloid fodder: James O\u2019Connor. O\u2019Connor will complete a remarkable comeback to the Wallaby squad in time for the World Cup, only to then be photographed in Clapham High Street McDonalds at 3am two nights before their first game. But he didn\u2019t go to Infernos, honest. [PAR] Prediction: Pool stages. Incredibly tough call, but there are three genuine trophy contenders in their group \u2013 and at the moment they look the weakest. [PAR] ENGLAND [PAR] Form: LLLWWWWL [PAR] World Cup Record: Best \u2013 Winner (2003), Worst \u2013 Quarter-finalists (1987, 1999, 2011) [PAR] WC Bogey Team: South Africa. Lost twice to the Boks in 2007 and were knocked out by them in 1999. [PAR] Most likely tabloid fodder: Manu Tuilagi/Danny Cipriani. Keep the former away from the Thames and the latter away from Mayfair nightclubs. Simples. [PAR] Prediction: Runners-up. If they can win their pool (a big if) they should have a reasonably comfortable run to the final. If they meet NZ there, however, it might just be a bridge too far. [PAR] IRELAND [PAR] Form: WWWWLWWL [PAR] World Cup Record: Best \u2013 Quarter-finalists (1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2011), Worst \u2013 Pool stage (2007) [PAR] WC Bogey Team: France. Ireland have been knocked out by Les Bleus twice and lost a total of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Velvet (1944) - IMDb National Velvet (1944) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A jaded former jockey helps a young girl prepare a wild but gifted horse for England's Grand National Sweepstakes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 28 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 09 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 07 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" National Velvet \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 1 win & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Velvet's orphaned niece, Sarah, follows her dream of Olympic glory with her horse Arizona Pie. [PAR] Director: Bryan Forbes [PAR] After her destitute family is forced to sell her, a collie named Lassie escapes from her new owner and begins the long trek from Scotland to her Yorkshire home. [PAR] Director: Fred M. Wilcox [PAR] Bill's separated from his litter, making friends with the wild creatures until he's found and adopted by young Kathie. An accident separates him from her, and he's drafted into K-9 duty in ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Fred M. Wilcox [PAR] Louisa May Alcott 's autobiographical account of her life with her three sisters in Concord, Massachusetts in the 1860s. With their father fighting in the American Civil War, sisters Jo, Meg... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mervyn LeRoy [PAR] While traveling with his father, young Alec becomes fascinated by a mysterious Arabian stallion who is brought on board and stabled in the ship he is sailing on. When it tragically sinks ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Carroll Ballard [PAR] A teenager loses his horse in Morocco and gets him back after various daredevil adventures. [PAR] Director: Robert Dalva [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Mi Taylor was a young wanderer and opportunist whose father had given him \"all the roads in the Kingdom\" to travel. One of the roads, and a notation in his father's journal, leads him to the quiet English country-side home of the Brown family. The youngest daughter, Velvet, has a passion for horses and when she wins the spirited steed Pie in a town lottery, Mi is encouraged to train the horse for the Grand National - England's greatest racing event. Written by A.L.Beneteau <albl@inforamp.net> [PAR] M-G-M's Great TECHNICOLOR Heart Drama See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 26 January 1945 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Fuego de juventud See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Mono (Western Electric Sound System) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] \"Lux Radio Theater\" broadcast a 60 minute radio adaptation of the movie on February 3, 1947 with Elizabeth Taylor , Mickey Rooney and Donald Crisp reprising their film roles. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Mr. Brown, a butcher who should know better, authoritatively announces that one small-to-medium-sized lobster will provide a family dinner for six: A claw apiece for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Athletics at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games | Olympics at ... Athletics at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Athletics at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games [PAR] Date Started: July 31, 1992 [PAR] Date Finished: August 8, 1992 [PAR] Events: 43 [PAR] Participants: 1,726 (1,104 men and 621 women) from 156 countries [PAR] Youngest Participant: [PAR] Lydia Cheromei (15 years, 83 days) [PAR] Oldest Participant: [PAR] Luis L\u00f3pez (43 years, 24 days) [PAR] Most Medals (Athlete): [PAR] United States (30 medals) [PAR] Overview [PAR] The Barcelona Olympic track & field was held in Estadi Ol\u00edmpic high above the city, on Montju\u00efc. The competitions were marked by upsets with several favorites failing to come thru. [Sergey Bubka] was a heavy favorite in the pole vault but he no-heighted and had no placement. Algeria\u2019s [Noureddine Morceli] was favored in the 1,500 but he ran poorly in the final and placed seventh, with Spanish favorite [Ferm\u00edn Cacho] winning gold. Americans [Danny Everett] (400) and [Michael Johnson] (200) failed to even make the finals in their events. One favorite who did win was [Jackie Joyner-Kersee], who won the heptathlon easily, defending her title from Seoul. JJK also competed in the long jump, winning a bronze medal. [PAR] There were two very poignant and meaningful moments on the track. In the men\u2019s 400 metres, Briton [Derek Redmond] started in the semi-finals, after winning his heat and quarter. But he pulled up on the backstretch and fell with a hamstring injury. He got up and started hobbling, trying to at least finish his Olympic appearance. Suddenly his father appeared from the stands, getting past security, and ran to his side. Redmond, in obvious pain, was supported by his father, placing his arm around his shoulder. He hobbled into the finish line. His father later commented that they had started this together and they would finish it together. [PAR] In the women\u2019s 10,000 metres, the gold medal was won by Ethiopian [Derartu Tulu]u. It was the first distance running gold for an African woman, after decades of dominance by the men. But on the 10th lap, Tulu and South African [Elana Meyer] broke open the race and ran together for the last 15 laps, winning gold and silver. South Africa had been banned from the Olympics since 1964 and only returned in Barcelona. The ban had been because South Africa had not allowed their blacks equal opportunity in sports. The irony could not be missed that a black African ran alongside a white South African on their return to the Olympic Stadium. At the end of the race, Tulu and Meyer embraced. [PAR] Medalists [PAR] A Sports Reference Site : About SR/Olympics | Privacy Statement | Conditions & Terms of Service | Use of Data [PAR] Data provided by OlyMADMen , led by Hilary Evans, Arild Gjerde, Jeroen Heijmans, and Bill Mallon. Members: David Foster, Martin Frank, J\u00f8rn Jensen, Carl-Johan Johansson, Taavi Kalju, Martin Kellner, George Masin, Stein Opdahl, Wolf Reinhardt, Ralf Regnitter, Paul Tchir, Magne Teigen, Christian Tugnoli, Morten Aarlia Torp, and Ralf Schl\u00fcter. [PAR] Sports Reference LLC and www.sports-reference.com are not sponsored by or affiliated with the Olympics, the United States Olympic Committee or the International Olympic Committee. Trademarks featured or referred to on this website are the property of their respective trademark holders and not Sports Reference LLC or www.sports-reference.com . [PAR] Part of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quotes by Bill Bryson @ Like Success Quotes by Bill Bryson @ Like Success [PAR] Quotes by Bill Bryson [PAR] A cough so robust that I tapped into two new seams of phlegm. more... [PAR] To my mind, the greatest reward and luxury of travel is to be able to experience everyday things as if for the first time, to be in a position in which almost nothing is so familiar it is taken for granted. more... [PAR] Think of a single problem confronting the world today. Disease, poverty, global warming... If the problem is going to be solved, it is science that is going to solve it. Scientists tend to be unappreciated in the world at large, but you can hardly overstate the importance of the work they do. If anyone ever cures cancer, it will be a guy with a science degree. Or a woman with a science degree. more... [PAR] Germans are flummoxed by humor, the Swiss have no concept of fun, the Spanish think there is nothing at all ridiculous about eating dinner at midnight, and the Italians should never, ever have been let in on the invention of the motor car. more... [PAR] For a long time it puzzled me how something so expensive, so leading edge, could be so useless. And then it occurred to me that a computer is a stupid machine with the ability to do incredibly smart things, while computer programmers are smart people with the ability to do incredibly stupid things. They are, in short, a perfect match. more... [PAR] Before, prior to. There is no difference between these two except length and a certain affectedness on the part of 'prior to.' To paraphrase Bernstein, if you would use 'posterior to' instead of 'after,' then by all means use 'prior to' instead of 'before. more... [PAR] I can't think of anything that excites a greater sense of childlike wonder than to be in a country where you are ignorant of almost everything. more... [PAR] 18th century scientists, the French in particular, seldom did things simply if an absurdly demanding alternative was available. more... [PAR] But that's the glory of foreign travel, as far as I am concerned. I don't want to know what people are talking about. I can't think of anything that excites a greater sense of childlike wonder than to be in a country where you are ignorant of almost everything. Suddenly you are five years old again. You can't read anything, you have only the most rudimentary sense of how things work, you can't even reliably cross a street without endangering your life. Your whole existence becomes a series of interesting guesses. more... [PAR] We used to build civilizations. Now we build shopping malls. more... [PAR] In France, a chemist named Pilatre de Rozier tested the flammability of hydrogen by gulping a mouthful and blowing across an open flame, proving at a stroke that hydrogen is indeed explosively combustible and that eyebrows are not necessarily a permanent feature of one's face. more... [PAR] Disassemble the cells of a sponge (by passing them through a sieve, for instance), then dump them into a solution, and they will find their way back together and build themselves into a sponge again. You can do this to them over and over, and they will doggedly reassemble because, like you and me and every other living thing, they have one overwhelming impulse: to continue to be. more... [PAR] As my father always used to tell me, 'You see, son, there's always someone in the world worse off than you.' And"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Billiard Terms Glossary of Billiard Terms [PAR] GLOSSARY OF BILLIARD TERMS [PAR] From the 'Billiard Congress of America Official Rules and Records Book.' [PAR] ANGLED. (Snooker, pocket games) When the corner of a pocket prevents a player shooting the cue ball directly at an object ball. (See corner-hooked) [PAR] ANGLE SHOT. (Pocket games) A shot that requires the cue ball to drive the object ball other than straight ahead. (See cut shot) [PAR] APEX OF TRIANGLE. (Pocket games) The position in the grouping of object balls that is on the foot spot; the front ball position of the pyramid or rack. [PAR] AROUND THE TABLE. (Carom games) Describes shots in which the cue ball contacts three or more cushions, usually including the two short cushions, in an effort to score. [PAR] BALANCE POINT. (General) The point on a cue at which it would remain level if held by a single support, usually about 18\" from the butt end of the cue. [PAR] BALL IN HAND. (Pocket games) See cue ball in hand. [PAR] BALL ON. (Snooker) A colored (non-red) ball a player intends to legally pocket; same as on ball. [PAR] BANK SHOT. (Pocket games) A shot in which the object ball is driven to one or more cushions before it is pocketed; incidental contact as a ball moves along and adjacent to a cushion does not qualify as a cushion or bank. It is not an obvious shot and must be called in games requiring called shots. (See kick shot) [PAR] BAULK. (Snooker) The intervening space between the bottom cushion and the Baulk-line. [PAR] BAULK-LINE. (Snooker) A straight line drawn 29\" from the face of the bottom cushion and parallel to it. [PAR] BED OF TABLE. (General) The flat, cloth-covered surface of the table within the cushions; the playing area exclusive of the cushions. [PAR] BILLIARD. (Carom games) A count or score; a successful shot. [PAR] BLIND DRAW. (General) A method used to determine pairings or bracketing of players in tournaments that assures totally random placement or pairing of contestants. [PAR] BOTTLE. (Pocket games) A specially shaped leather or plastic container used in various games. (Also called the shake bottle) [PAR] BOTTOM CUSHION. (Snooker) The cushion located at the head of a snooker table--closest to the D. [PAR] BREAK. (Pocket games) See open break and opening break shot. [PAR] BREAK. (Snooker) Total scored in one inning. [PAR] BREAKING VIOLATION. (Pocket games) A violation of special rules which apply only to the opening break shot of certain games. Unless specified in individual game rules, a breaking violation is not a foul. [PAR] BRIDGE. (General) The hand configuration that holds and guides the shaft-end of the cue during play. (See mechanical bridge) [PAR] BURST. (Forty-One Pocket Billiards) Scoring a total of more than 41 points. [PAR] BUTT OF CUE. (General) The larger end of a cue, opposite the tip. On a two-piece cue, the butt extends up to the joint. [PAR] CALL SHOT. (Pocket games) Requirement that a player designate, in advance of each shot, the ball to be made and the pocket into which it will be made. In calling the shot, it is NEVER necessary to indicate details such as the number of cushions, banks, kisses, caroms, etc. The rules of \"Bank Pool\" are an exception. [PAR] CALLED BALL. (Pocket games) The ball the player has designated to be pocketed on a shot. [PAR] CALLED POCKET. (Pocket games) The pocket which a player has designated a ball to be shot. [PAR] CAROM. (General) To bounce off or glance off an object ball or cushion; a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup 2002 in South Korea/Japan - World Cup Brazil ... World Cup 2002 in South Korea/Japan - World Cup Brazil 2014 Guide [PAR] World Cup Brazil 2014 Guide [PAR] Join the World Cup Experience [PAR] Primary menu [PAR] Date: 31 May \u2013 30 July [PAR] Final: Germany \u2013 Brazil 0-2 [PAR] 3rd place: South Korea \u2013 Turkey 2-3 [PAR] Teams: 32 [PAR] Top scorer: Ronaldo (Brazil) (8 goals) [PAR] World Cup 2002 Background [PAR] The 3rd millennium has started in 2001. This probably contributed to a decision that was made on May 31 1996 in Z\u00fcrich. On that day FIFA decided the 17th World Cup would be hosted in continent Asia. Never in World Cup history a World Cup was hosted in a continent outside Europe, South America or North/Central America. This was not the only unique aspect of the 17th World Cup. Also for the first time in World Cup history, 2 countries would host the 2002 World Cup together: South Korea and Japan. [PAR] Initially 3 countries showed interest in hosting the 2002 World Cup and placed a bid. The countries were South Korea, Japan and Mexico. Shortly before the announcement about who would host the World Cup, South Korea and Japan united their bids. As a result FIFA voted unanimously for this special bid. [PAR] Another interesting aspect, was the fact that back in 1996 when the announcement was made, Japan never qualified for a World Cup yet. They would however qualify for the 1998 World Cup. Only 2 other countries have been awarded a World Cup without ever having qualified for one. They are Italy which hosted the 1934 World Cup and Qatar which will ( probably ) host the 2022 World cup. [PAR] 10 host cities in South Korea [PAR] 10 host cities in Japan [PAR] World Cup 2002 Participants [PAR] For the 2002 World Cup 199 countries tried to qualify. Only 29 of the 32 places were available since both Japan and South Korea qualified automatically as host countries. France qualified automatically since they won the previous World Cup. This would be the last time however, that the previous World Cup winner would automatically qualify for a World Cup. [PAR] 13 places for Europe excluding France were allocated to the following countries: Denmark, Spain, Slovenia, Turkey, Portugal, Poland, Germany, Sweden, England, Italy, Croatia, Belgium and Russia. Slovenia qualified for the first time since the breakup of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992. Turkey qualified for the first time since 1954 and Portugal for the first time since 1986. [PAR] 5 places for Africa were allocated to the following countries: Senegal, South Africa, Cameroon, Nigeria and Tunisia. Senegal qualified for the first time. [PAR] 4 places for South America were allocated to the following countries: Paraguay, Ecuador, Brazil and Argentina. Ecuador qualified for the first time. [PAR] 3 places for North/Central America and Caribbean were allocated to the following countries: Costa Rica, Mexico and United States. [PAR] 2 places for Asia excluding South Korea and Japan were allocated to the following countries: China PR and Saudi Arabia. China PR qualified for the first time. South Korea became the first country outside Europe, South America and North/Central America and Caribbean to qualify for the 5th World Cup in a row. [PAR] 2 intercontinental play-offs had to be played by 4 countries which didn\u2019t qualify directly: UEFA country Republic of Ireland against AFC country Iran and CONMEBOL country Uruguay against OFC country Australia. [PAR] Both Republic of Ireland and Uruguay won these play-offs and therefore qualified last minute for the 2002 World Cup."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three Amigos! (1986) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] John Landis has had a very spotty career. And, as much as I wanted to really like this, it is unfortunately one of his misses. The concept is a mixture of a few things, namely The Seven Samurai/The Magnificent Seven with the whole shtick about actors who get confused for the characters they play, but end up becoming like their characters. The specific plot for this high concept involves three recently fired silent era actors known for playing singing, dancing, fighting mariachis who get hired by a naive Mexican woman to save their village from a band of marauders. Due to some mixups, the trip think they're being hired for a special public appearance, not (initially) realizing that the bullets being fired at them are real this time. The director is there, the cast (Chevy Chase, Steve Martin, Martin Short) are there, and the concept is definitely there, so I have no idea what happened here. This movie is shockingly flat, dull, not really all that funny, and just a real missed opportunity. Almost all of the jokes fall flat, everything just feels really stale, contrived, and dumb, and I kept being reminded of all the better movies that this film apes off of and fails to be a successful farcical send up of. Yeah, the music (the score primarily) is good, and there's a couple of moments that did make me genuine laugh, but I really can't remember what they are sadly. Everyone seems to be on autopilot, and I just can't stress enough how dull and disappointing this is. When I saw Roger Ebert's one star review, I was surprised at how he could have disliked this movie so much. Now that I've seen it myself, it's painfully obvious. I thought that Spies Like Us was a dull effort from Landis, but this makes that one look like a damn masterpiece. [PAR] Chris Weber [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] Now this is a classic...nay legendary 80's comedy, I guarantee you'll laugh your ass off, if you don't then your too young to remember these SNL allstars. The plot is daft and has now been rehashed many times but the comedy is gold. There are so many funny moments, the whole film is just non stop, really...all that's missing is John Candy. I can't stress enough how good this is, its one of the all time best feel good comedies you will ever see, up there with 'Planes, Trains and Automobiles' They don't make comedies like this anymore because no one can beat a cast like this, once in a lifetime and that's it. A treasure of a film. 'oh great..you just shot the invisible swordsman' [PAR] Phil Hubbs [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] I'll preface this by saying that this a movie I grew up with and watched quite a bit between the ages of 5 and 10. I had forgotten a lot of it until seeing it again recently. It's not one that I currently watch over and over, mainly due to its being missing in any decent DVD release. Recently, Three Amigos was almost reluctantly released on Blu-ray, and I'm sad to say that I have to now nitpick this movie a bit, despite my enjoyment of it. There are things that I hadn't noticed before. First of all, the film is uneven tonally. It starts out with the scene of Carmen entering the bar looking for help. It's a dramatic western sort of scene that doesn't have any comedy in it and doesn't jive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Archers (Radio) - TV Tropes The Archers (Radio) - TV Tropes [PAR] The Archers [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] \u2014Sandi Toksvig, The News Quiz [PAR] The Archers is a popular BBC radio Soap Opera , set in the fictional West Midlands county of Borsetshire. It follows the lives of the Archer family, and the other families living in the small, rural village of Ambridge (based on Hanbury in Worcestershire). [PAR] It has been broadcast nationally since 1951 after starting its regional run in 1950, making it the longest running current soap opera in radio format and, since the cancelling of Guiding Light , the longest running soap in any format. [PAR] This show provides examples of: [PAR] Barsetshire : Borsetshire [PAR] Crossover : With Gardener's Question Time, of all things. Eric Robson and some of the panel appeared in The Archers, and on Easter Sunday 2011 several Archers characters asked questions on GQT. The odd presenter from other BBC series has turned up As Himself or herself to open the village fete or something as well And the occassional Royal has visited. [PAR] Sort-of appeared on Hancock's Half-hour as \"The Bowmans\" [PAR] Edutainment Show : originated as an educational series about agriculture... [PAR] Genre Shift :... but long since outgrew that [PAR] Loads and Loads of Characters : Pretty much a given, considering how long the show has been going on. [PAR] Long-Runners : 60 years and counting [PAR] Love Triangle : Ed, Will and Emma [PAR] This particular subplot is so long and convoluted that the nice people at The BBC provided a cheat sheet. [PAR] It is still ongoing, and practically a Long Runner in its own right - when editor Vanessa Whitburn told an interviewer in 2001 that it would be a major long-term Story Arc she wasn't kidding. [PAR] She repeated this claim about the repercussions of the 2nd January 2011's double-length Wham Episode - only time will tell. [PAR] The Midlands : West Midlands [PAR] Ratings Stunt : one of the very first examples - the death of a major character was broadcast to coincide with the launch of ITV in 1955) [PAR] Nigel's death. [PAR] Real Life Writes the Plot : Julia's death was written in after her actress, Mary Wimbush, died at the age of 91. [PAR] Shown Their Work : even with the series' edutainment roots very much a thing of the past, great care is taken to ensure that it presents an accurate view of the intricacies of farming [PAR] There is an urban legend that farmers have been known to write in and complain if they used the wrong animal sound effect ... although the BBC did realise quite early on that they were dealing with a listenership that had expert knowledge, and took pains to ensure the animal sounds were appropriate to the scene. The BBC's library of animal sound effects is now unparelleled, and a large proportion of this is down to the longevitry of this show. [PAR] Spin-Off : Ambridge Extra , on Radio 4 Extra, explores storylines, characters and locations that don't get focused on in the main Archer's program. At the moment, it's only 2 episodes a week. [PAR] Graphically represented [PAR] for your consideration. [PAR] Variations on a Theme Song : The Archers always uses the same piece of music (\"Barwick Green\", a 1924 piece by Yorkshire composer Arthur Wood) as its theme tune, which passage is used depends on whether the episode is ordinary or dramatic."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CBBC Newsround | MUSIC | Soap stars turned pop stars CBBC Newsround | MUSIC | Soap stars turned pop stars [PAR] Soap stars turned pop stars [PAR] Updated 11 March 2003, 18.18 [PAR] As Neighbours star Delta Goodrem launches her bid to hit the UK pop charts, CBBC Newsround rounds up all the key soap stars who've decided to get musical.... [PAR] Neighbours [PAR] Biggest hit: Wanna Be Your Lover (No 65 in the charts in 1994) [PAR] Success rating: Other than a few websites offering wallpapers, the Blakeney twins have disappeared althogether. [PAR] Stefan Dennis [PAR] Played: Paul Robinson 1988-1993 [PAR] Biggest hit: Don't it make you feel good (No 16 in 1989) [PAR] Success rating: Stefan didn't do too well after Neighbours. He released two singles and then faded. He's apparently doing well in panto though. [PAR] Jason Donovan [PAR] Played: Scott Robinson 1986-1988 [PAR] Biggest hit: Too Many Broken Hearts (No 1 in 1989) [PAR] Success rating: Jason was a huge hit in the late 80s/early 90s. He had four albums and went on to star in London musicals. [PAR] Natalie Imbruglia [PAR] Played: Beth Brennan (1993) [PAR] Biggest hit: Torn (No 2 in 1997) [PAR] Success rating: Natalie has so succesfully made the move into music, we forgot that she was ever in Neighbours. [PAR] Craig McLachlan [PAR] Played: Henry Ramsay [PAR] Biggest hit: Mona with his band Check 1-2 (No 2 in 1990) [PAR] Success rating: Craig had a small amount of fame in a sci-fi show called BUGS, but Check 1-2 only released the one album. [PAR] Kylie Minogue [PAR] Played: Charlene Ramsay 1987- 1989 [PAR] Biggest hit: Can't Get You Out Of My Head (No 1 in the charts in 2001) [PAR] Success rating: Kylie almost melts our success-o-meter. She was massive at the start of the 90s, only to become a worldwide hit again in 2001. [PAR] Holly Valance [PAR] Played: Flick Scully 1999-2002 [PAR] Biggest hit: Kiss Kiss (No 1 in 2002) [PAR] Succes rating: Holly hasn't been able to match the success her debut single, but she's not out of the limelight yet. [PAR] EastEnders [PAR] Played: Simon Wicks 1985-1990 [PAR] Biggest hit: Every Loser Wins (No 1 in 1986) [PAR] Success rating: Nick left the heady music business to star in hit show HeartBeat, which made him a huge TV star. [PAR] Anita Dobson [PAR] Played: Angie Watts 1985-1988 [PAR] Biggest hit: Anyone can fall in love (No 4 in 1986) [PAR] Success rating: Despite showing true musical genius by singing a song to the EastEnders' theme tune, Anita never really saw a music career take off. [PAR] Aidan Brosnan [PAR] Played: Sean Maguire 1993 [PAR] Biggest hit: Good Day (No 12 in 1996) [PAR] Success rating: Sean did release three albums all told, although one was a Greatest Hits, so that does count. It's back to acting for him. [PAR] Paul Medford [PAR] Biggest hit: Something Outa Nothing with Letitia Dean (Sharron from EastEnders) (No 12 in 1986) [PAR] Success rating: Who? Even The BBC's EastEnders' site doesn't list him! [PAR] Martine McCutcheon [PAR] Biggest hit: Perfect Moment (No 1 in 1999) [PAR] Success rating: Martine's won awards for her performance in the London musical My Fair Lady. [PAR] Coronation Street [PAR] Biggest hit: Bulldog Nation (2000) [PAR] Success rating: Despite a number of singles over the years, Kevin's sensibly stuck to Corrie. [PAR] Bill Tarmey [PAR] Played: Jack Duckworth 1979-present [PAR] Biggest hit: One Voice (No 16 in 1993) [PAR] Success rating: Bill's released a number of singles over the years, but Corrie seems to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of original characters - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia List of original characters | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] List of original characters [PAR] Share [PAR] A list of all Coronation Street characters who were seen in the show on a regular basis when it began in 1960 . Sorted by departure date, with most recent first. William Roache was the only cast member to remain until the show's 50th Anniversary in 2010 as Ken Barlow . In May 2011 , Philip Lowrie returned in the role of Dennis Tanner , making Ken not the only surviving original character in the series. This was averted when Dennis had left Coronation Street in July 2014 , and Ken resumed as the only remaining original character 5 days later."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walford - EastEnders Wiki - Wikia Walford | EastEnders Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] History [PAR] Prior to 1985 [PAR] Walford was once on the site of an old Saxon village. Walford was once in the historic county of Middlesex but as London grew it became a suburb of London by the mid 1800s. This development was recognised by the creation of the County of London in 1889 (in which Walford would presumably have lied.) All over, squares and streets sprung up. Walford was given an East London postcode. By about 1900 Walford had a population of about 100'000. A market was established in Bridge Street, Walford , underneath a railway arch. Notable streets as well as Bridge Street was Albert Square , Turpin Road and George Street . The borough gained 2 tube stations, Walford East Tube Station and Walford West . Notable families was the Beales, Fowlers and Watts of Albert Square, one of the most prominent areas of the borough. The Queen Victoria public house opened in 1898 in Albert Square. This was one of many pubs in the area. Walford suffered a lot of bomb damage in WW2 and several Victorian streets were razed to the ground. After the war, blocks of flats were built and in the early 1970s, Walford Towers , a 16 storey towerblock. By this time, many people from all over the world moved to Britain and settled in London, including Walford. In 1965, the larger county Greater London replaced the County of London, and if Walford was not already in Co. London but had remained in Middlesex, it would at that point have become part of Greater London. [PAR] By the end of 1984, Walford was quite deprived but there was strong community spirit. Residents blamed the deprivation on the government, Lou Beale , of 45 Albert Square especially. [PAR] 1985-present [PAR] Amenities [PAR] Walford has many amenities to serve the residents from the Bridge Street and Turpin Road markets to Walford General Hospital . The high street has many shops. There is Walford Garage and Walford FC football club. [PAR] Postcodes[DOC] [TLE] Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground ... Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground | Londonist [PAR] Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground [PAR] By Dean Nicholas Last edited 64 months ago [PAR] Dean Nicholas Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground [PAR] Need to get from the East End to Merton? Here's a trip you're unlikely to find to find on Journey Planner: jump on the District line at Walford East, and change at Bank for the Northern Line. Take it southwards, passing through Union Street station, until you reach Hickory Road, and you're done. [PAR] Bank aside, the stations listed above, alongside other plausible-sounding destinations like Vauxhall Cross, Hammersmith Bridge, Hobbs End and Putney Green, are among the many to have sprung from literature, film, television and even the slip of a cartographer's pen. We've done our best to place them onto the map above; below, you'll find a gallery of screenshots, models, and associated ephemera. [PAR] Vauxhall Cross, from the Bond film Die Another Day. Assumed to be an extremely long branch station on the Piccadilly line. [PAR] Walford East station, on the District line (where it replaces Bromley-by-Bow on the map). Seen by millions of viewers each week in EastEnders. An episode in January 2011 featured scenes on the platform level, which were shot at East Finchley. [PAR] Hobbs End featured in the cult horror film Quartermass and the Pit. It was a new station on the Central"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Friel Deal: All About Anna Friel! The Friel Deal: All About Anna Friel! [PAR] The Friel Deal: All About Anna Friel! [PAR] \"I play a character every day of my life, and I don't want to play a character as myself. They can judge me as an actress, not as a person. I'm not a spokeswoman for Anna.\" [PAR] - Anna Louise Friel [PAR] This blog is dedicated to one hell of a lady. She is brilliant, beautiful, talented, charismatic, loving, funny, hard-working, determinded, inspirational and that doesn't even begin to scratch the surface. [PAR] RSS [PAR] Anna Friel as Dr. Eve Wright in Sky Living\u2019s new drama The Psychopath Next Door. It shows just what happens when true evil moves in next door. [PAR] Anna Friel as Molly Foster/Graham. [PAR] Umm\u2026 YEAH! [PAR] [ x ] [PAR] What do you call a lesbian dinosaur? A lickalotopus. [PAR] About the jokester: Anna Friel wants you to know that she told Esquire another, far dirtier joke. It involved a bottle of custard and two \u201ccompletely stark bollocks-naked\u201d men. We couldn\u2019t print it, but we were impressed by the Pakistani accent she employed. If you want to hear her American accent (which she says makes her sound \u201ca little bit wanky, like I\u2019m a bit up myself\u201d), tune in to Fox\u2019s strugglingThe Jury (still hanging on as of press time). Though this is her first U.S. series, Friel is a TV veteran on the other side of the Atlantic. At 17, she gave Britain its first-ever onscreen lesbian kiss as the star of the popular soap opera Brookside. (\u201cI still get lots of nice roses from pretty girls.\u201d) Up next for the 28-year-old: the CBS TV movie Perfect Strangers, in which she does some \u201csnogging\u201d [PAR] I saw both The Jury and Perfect Strangers, and both were excellent, in my opinion. [PAR] Anna Friel\u2019s Many Faces (1/?) : Beth Jordache - Brookside (1993 - 1995) [PAR] \u201cWhy don\u2019t you use the right word, Mom? Go on, say it. Say Lesbian.\u201d [PAR] The infamous channel-four soap opera lesbian who murdered her abusive father and buried him under the patio. Beth Jordache was the role that put Anna\u2019s name on the map, and it seems it was the role that put Brookside on the map as well. At the age of merely sixteen, Anna couldn\u2019t have understood the drastic impact taking on such a role would have. She was one half of the first on-screen lesbian kiss in British public television history. That\u2019s a pretty big deal. [PAR] When one thinks about the impact this role had on Anna\u2019s life, it doesn\u2019t seem like much. It seems like she played this troubled girl who was tortured and ridiculed because of her sexuality, and then she got to go back to being the beautiful, straight, and amazing actress she is once she left set. But this role follows her to this day. She started a lesbian rights movement, and she talks about how she was called names and ridiculed for the role she played. She was only sixteen, too. [PAR] Anna\u2019s acting in this role made Beth Jordache real. That\u2019s why when she was killed off there were rallies and petitions, because she brought Beth to life. She was strong and independent. She was sure of herself. That takes gits to pull off. I believe this is still one of her best roles to date.[DOC] [TLE] TV Shows We Used To Watch - Brookside C4 | How much do you ... TV Shows We Used To Watch - Brookside C4 | How"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Channel 5 - 625 : Andrew Wiseman's Television Room Channel 5 [PAR] Channel 5 [PAR] Main Content Last Revised Sa 27-Mar-99 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Channel 5 is Britain's last analogue, terrestrial network and has been on air since Easter 1997. It's available to nearly 80% of the population. And it was the first terrestrial station also available on satellite. For the rest of the facts on 5, read on... [PAR] The Spice Girls - When They Were 5 [PAR] Vidcap by Darren Meldrum [PAR] Acknowledgements Rev. 4.3 Items marked Rev. 4.3 have been updated since the previous edition. [PAR] [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The History of Channel 5 [PAR] The Broadcasting Act of 1990 required the ITC (Independent Television Commission) to establish a fifth terrestrial channel in the UK. The ITC were required to award the Channel 5 licence on the basis of a competitive tender. [PAR] Timetable [PAR] 14th April 1992 [PAR] The ITC issues the invitation to apply for the C5 licence. The new channel would be broadcasting on two unused UHF frequencies Ch35 and Ch37. Only one application was received for the licence and the ITC decided not to grant it. [PAR] 14th July 1994 [PAR] The Secretary of State for National Heritage, outlined the Government's decision that UHF Channel 35 would no longer be available for C5. [PAR] 1st November 1994 [PAR] After a period of consultation, the ITC had re-advertised the licence with the second invitation being issued on this date. [PAR] 2nd May 1995 [PAR] The ITC receives four applications for the Channel 5 licence, including two identical bids of \ufffd22 002 000 from C5 Broadcasting Ltd and Virgin UK Ltd. [PAR] 27th October 1995 [PAR] The ITC awards the C5 licence to Channel 5 Broadcasting Ltd for a 10-year period. [PAR] 16th September 1996 [PAR] The DTI announces that UHF Frequency Ch35 will once again be free for C5 to use, increasing maximum coverage of the new channel to 80% of the population. [PAR] 16th November 1996 [PAR] The ITC advertises the licence for additional services on C5 (e.g. teletext). [PAR] 1st January 1997 [PAR] This is the date by which the C5 service had to start, according to C5's licence. [PAR] 29th February 1997 [PAR] Closing date for applications for the C5 additional services licence (i.e. the licence for the main teletext service). [PAR] 30th March 1997 [PAR] Channel 5 launched on Easter Sunday at 18:00. The delay was to allow re-tuning of the extra viewers on UHF Ch35. (See below .) Overnight ratings show that during prime time on the opening night Channel 5 was watched by more viewers than Channel 4, surpassing its target of 5% audience share. (See ratings below.) [PAR] 23rd April 1997 [PAR] Channel 5 began broadcasting its programmes on Astra and became the first terrestrial station to broadcast on satellite. [PAR] 18th June 1997 [PAR] The ITC awarded the licence to run the main teletext service on Channel 5 to Sky Five Text who outbid Teletext UK, the only other applicant. [PAR] 29th September 1997 [PAR] The Bilsdale transmitter began broadcasting a full Channel 5 service, thus completing Phase II of the transmitter network, which added approximately 3 million more households to the number able to receive Channel 5 at its launch on 30th March. [PAR] 15th October 1997 [PAR] I thought it was supposed to start on 1st Jan 97 ? [PAR] Thanks to Ray Woodward for the following information: [PAR] One of the ITC requirements for Britain's fifth channel was that broadcasting must begin before the end of 1996. C5 Broadcasting set"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emmerdale - Events of 1989 Emmerdale - Events of 1989 [PAR] A conforntation with a stranger pushes Matt into taking the law into his own hands, while Dolly delivers a bombshell. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1405) [PAR] 21/11/1989 [PAR] Kim Tate makes herself comfortable at Home Farm as new lady of the manor. Chris Tate's first episode! [PAR] The new owner of Home Farm reveals himself, and Jack discovers that when Sarah says 'no', she really means 'yes'. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1406) [PAR] 23/11/1989 [PAR] A letter from Dolly's solicitor has Matt spoiling for a fight, and he's not the only one - David Hughes is no mood for explanations when he catches Peter Whiteley with Rachel. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1407) [PAR] 28/11/1989 [PAR] \"I can't believe it, Rachel. I can't believe I'm listening to my little girl.\" Kate's in for a shock when Rachel tells her the truth about her affair. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1408) [PAR] 30/11/1989 [PAR] While Jack gets involved in some fishy business, Alan Turner thinks he's got it made - until a surprise visitor throws a spanner in the works. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1409) [PAR] 05/12/1989 [PAR] Amos tries to interest Frank Tate in showbiz. Nick tries to blackmail Turner, and Kate is waylaid by her ex-husband. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1410) [PAR] 07/12/1989 [PAR] The battle between Joe and Jack for control of the farm reaches a climax, but it's Matt who saves the day with a surprise of his own. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1411) [PAR] Zoe Tate's first episode [PAR] Jack's got an offer for Sarah that she can't refuse. Amos bumps into two young ladies and discovers he's lost his touch. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1412) [PAR] 14/12/1989 [PAR] Amos sets off to curry favour with the Tates and ends up being interviewed for a job! Meanwhile bad news on the farm finds Kate and Joe on a collision course. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1413) [PAR] 19/12/1989 [PAR] Frank Tate sets out to get his own back over the stolen Christmas trees. Amos's cast are revolting and Nick Bates tries hard to impress. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1414) [PAR] 21/12/1989 [PAR] \"You can't tell me who I can or can't meet. I've got rights too.\" Joe's determined to lay the down the law over David Hughes, but Kate's got her own ideas. [PAR] EMMERDALE (EPISODE 1415)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Soap Awards: Sexiest Female winners - CelebsNow British Soap Awards: Sexiest Female winners - CelebsNow [PAR] CelebsNow [PAR] See the hottest women on TV from over the years... [PAR] At the British Soap Awards, Sexiest Female is one of the most sought-after gongs. [PAR] Ever since the first ceremony in 1999, the most gorgeous girls in soap have been battling it out each year to be named the hottest actress. [PAR] Some of the stunning ladies in our gallery have only had the prize bestowed upon them once. Others have been victorious multiple times. [PAR] A number of programmes have produced winners. Those who\u2019ve triumphed come from shows such as EastEnders, Coronation Street and Hollyoaks. [PAR] Our pictures show EastEnders\u2019 Tamzin Outhwaite setting the bar high as she becomes the first person to be voted Sexiest Female. [PAR] The pretty blonde wows in a strappy frock as she proudly clutches her award. She shows off her features by pinning her hair into a tousled up-do and emphasises her eyes with smoky make-up. [PAR] Tamzin \u2013 who plays barmaid Melanie Healy \u2013 is clearly very popular with viewers. [PAR] She\u2019s handed the gong again in 2000 and 2001. In 2000, she wows by donning a slinky low-cut green gown. She pairs the chic outfit with tight curls and blue eyeshadow. [PAR] A brown dress and a simple straight hairstyle in 2001 prove she\u2019s a natural beauty. [PAR] In 2002, the British Soap Awards\u2018 Sexiest Female baton passes onto Jessie Wallace, another EastEnders star. She sports black ensembles and funky buns for each of the three years she triumphs. [PAR] Hollyoaks babe Jodi Albert showcases her toned physique in a revealing LBD at the 2005 ceremony, while EastEnders\u2019 Louisa Lytton is a one-time champion in 2006. [PAR] When Hollyoaks\u2019 Roxanne McKee scoops the title in 2007 and 2008, she wows in statement plunging frocks. Her first is a Grecian-style white number and the second is a glittery gold creation. [PAR] Unfortunately for all other girls in soapland, Michelle Keegan joins Coronation Street in 2008. [PAR] She nabs the British Soap Awards\u2018 Sexiest Female prize in 2009 and doesn\u2019t stop until her character Tina McIntyre is killed off in 2014."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arwen - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Arwen | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Voice [PAR] Character [PAR] \"For I am the daughter of Elrond. I shall not go with him when he departs to the Havens: for mine is the choice of L\u00fathien, and as she so have I chosen, both the sweet and the bitter.\" [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] The Return of the King, \" Many Partings \" [PAR] Arwen was the Half-Elven daughter of Elrond and Celebr\u00edan . She was often called Arwen Und\u00f3miel or \"Evenstar\". [PAR] In marrying Aragorn II Elessar after the War of the Ring , she became Queen of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor , and like Beren and L\u00fathien before her, she united Elf and Man in peaceful love and harmony, and became mortal. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Aragorn and Arwen \"plight their troth.\" [PAR] During Aragorn's twentieth year he met Arwen for the first time in Rivendell , where he lived under Elrond's protection. Arwen, then over 2700 years old, had recently returned to her father's home after living for a while with her grandmother Galadriel in L\u00f3rien . Aragorn fell in love with Arwen at first sight, and at first mistook her for L\u00fathien, thinking he had fallen into a dream. [PAR] About thirty years later, the two were reunited in L\u00f3rien, where Arwen reciprocated Aragorn's love and they \"plighted their troth\" (promised themselves to each other) on the mound of Cerin Amroth , choosing to become mortal and to stay in Middle-earth with Aragorn, and giving up the chance to sail over the sea and live forever in the Blessed Realm. Arwen never broke faith with Aragorn, even when he went to war. While the War in the South raged on, Arwen wove a banner for Aragorn, which would become his standard after he became king. [PAR] Aragorn, having been given Arwen's Evenstar brooch [PAR] Before taking the Paths of the Dead , Aragorn was met by a group consisting of D\u00fanedain , and Arwen's brothers, Elladan and Elrohir . They brought to him a banner of black cloth: a gift made by Arwen, and a sign that encouraged him to take the difficult path. [4] When the banner was unfurled at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields to reveal the emblem of Elendil in Mithril , gems , and gold , it was the first triumphant announcement of the King's return. [PAR] After the War [PAR] Edit [PAR] Arwen arrived at Minas Tirith after Aragorn had become King of Gondor and Arnor , and they married on Midsummer's Day in the year TA 3019 , after the end of the War of the Ring . She became Queen of the Reunited Kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor. After marrying Aragorn , she bestowed upon Frodo Baggins a gift: Her place on the ships to Valinor. She bore Aragorn's son, Eldarion , and several unnamed daughters, some time during the Fourth Age . [PAR] Fourth Age [PAR] Edit [PAR] Queen Arwen and King Aragorn Elessar are wed in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King [PAR] In the year 121 of the Fourth Age , after Aragorn's death, Arwen died of a broken heart at Cerin Amroth in L\u00f3rien, [2] and was buried there one year after the death of Aragorn, to whom she had been wedded for 122 years. She was 2901 years old. [PAR] Lineage [PAR] Edit [PAR] Arwen was the youngest child of Elrond and Celebr\u00edan ; her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] J.R. R. Tolkien Biography - Biography \u2013 The Tolkien Society Biography \u2013 The Tolkien Society [PAR] J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biographical Sketch [PAR] By David Doughan MBE [PAR] Who was Tolkien? [PAR] Photo by Pamela Chandler. \u00a9 Diana Willson. Used with permission. [PAR] John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973) was a major scholar of the English language, specialising in Old and Middle English. Twice Professor of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) at the University of Oxford, he also wrote a number of stories, including most famously The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), which are set in a pre-historic era in an invented version of our world which he called by the Middle English name of Middle-earth. This was peopled by Men (and women), Elves, Dwarves, Trolls, Orcs (or Goblins) and of course Hobbits. He has regularly been condemned by the Eng. Lit. establishment, with honourable exceptions, but loved by literally millions of readers worldwide. [PAR] In the 1960s he was taken up by many members of the nascent \u201ccounter-culture\u201d largely because of his concern with environmental issues. In 1997 he came top of three British polls, organised respectively by Channel 4 / Waterstone\u2019s, the Folio Society, and SFX, the UK\u2019s leading science fiction media magazine, amongst discerning readers asked to vote for the greatest book of the 20th century. Please note also that his name is spelt Tolkien (there is no \u201cTolkein\u201d). [PAR] Childhood and Youth [PAR] The name \u201cTolkien\u201d (pron.: Tol-keen; equal stress on both syllables) is believed to be of German origin; Toll-k\u00fchn: foolishly brave, or stupidly clever \u2013 hence the pseudonym \u201cOxymore\u201d which he occasionally used. His father\u2019s side of the family appears to have migrated from Saxony in the 18th century, but over the century and a half before his birth had become thoroughly Anglicised. Certainly his father, Arthur Reuel Tolkien, considered himself nothing if not English. Arthur was a bank clerk, and went to South Africa in the 1890s for better prospects of promotion. There he was joined by his bride, Mabel Suffield, whose family were not only English through and through, but West Midlands since time immemorial. So John Ronald (\u201cRonald\u201d to family and early friends) was born in Bloemfontein, S.A., on 3 January 1892. His memories of Africa were slight but vivid, including a scary encounter with a large hairy spider, and influenced his later writing to some extent; slight, because on 15 February 1896 his father died, and he, his mother and his younger brother Hilary returned to England \u2013 or more particularly, the West Midlands. [PAR] The West Midlands in Tolkien\u2019s childhood were a complex mixture of the grimly industrial Birmingham conurbation, and the quintessentially rural stereotype of England, Worcestershire and surrounding areas: Severn country, the land of the composers Elgar, Vaughan Williams and Gurney, and more distantly the poet A. E. Housman (it is also just across the border from Wales). Tolkien\u2019s life was split between these two: the then very rural hamlet of Sarehole, with its mill, just south of Birmingham; and darkly urban Birmingham itself, where he was eventually sent to King Edward\u2019s School. By then the family had moved to King\u2019s Heath, where the house backed onto a railway line \u2013 young Ronald\u2019s developing linguistic imagination was engaged by the sight of coal trucks going to and from South Wales bearing destinations like\u201d Nantyglo\u201d,\u201d Penrhiwceiber\u201d and \u201cSenghenydd\u201d. [PAR] Then they moved to the somewhat more pleasant Birmingham suburb of Edgbaston. However, in the meantime, something of profound significance had occurred, which estranged Mabel and her children from both sides of the family: in 1900, together"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Revelation Road: The Black Rider (2014) - IMDb Revelation Road: The Black Rider (2014) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Revelation Road: The Black Rider ( 2014 ) [PAR] The Black Rider: Revelation Road (original title) [PAR] 1h 52min [PAR] Watch Now [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] The Rapture has come and gone. In it's wake, a wasteland filled with desperate bandits. Josh McManus, a drifter with a knack for fighting, must find the mysterious \"Shepherd\" - a dangerous mission that will put his faith to the test. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 16 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 13 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 30 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: Revelation Road: The Black Rider (2014) [PAR] 5.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] With the Rapture now history, traveling salesman Josh becomes a warrior on the road in his plan to return home, but God guides others to help make Josh part of His plan. [PAR] Director: Gabriel Sabloff [PAR] Amidst foreboding lighting and tremors, a traveling salesman with a dark past must fight demons, both his own and a murderous biker gang, in his quest to complete his last sale and go home. [PAR] Director: Gabriel Sabloff [PAR] Seven years after the world's most devastating tsunami in Thailand six strangers find themselves trapped in a beach side resort on the brink of an oncoming hurricane. Each of their hearts ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Bobby Smyth [PAR] Five strangers with nothing in common are forced to come together at a remote roadside eatery because of a road closure. They place their orders with the diner's omniscient owner, who seems... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: David A.R. White [PAR] When nuclear weapons are smuggled into America, FBI Agent Shane Daughtry (David A.R White) is faced with an impossible task -- find them before they are detonated. The clock is ticking and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Harold Cronk [PAR] After police detectives save a pop star, her manager invites them for a weekend in Mexico on his yacht. But the perfect vacation turns to terror when his wife and friends go missing. [PAR] Director: Michael Sinclair [PAR] This is a heartwarming fish out of water comedy about an associate pastor at a mega church in California who finds himself the pastor of a poor church in the worst neighborhood in Atlanta. [PAR] Director: Brian Herzlinger [PAR] When a group of best friends decide to go on a marriage retreat in the mountains for no deeper reasons to relax and have a little fun, they discover the true state of their marriages and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: David Christiaan [PAR] Things don't go as expected when a disenchanted pastor wishes for a different life. [PAR] Directors: David A.R. White, Jeffrey Peterson [PAR] Stars: David A.R. White, Bruce McGill, Della Reese [PAR] Paul Tyson is a loving husband, devoted father and well-respected businessman on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gollum - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Gollum | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] Gollum referring to the Ring [PAR] Gollum, originally known as Sm\u00e9agol (or Trahald), was at first a Stoor , one of the three early Hobbit-types. The name Gollum was derived from the sound of his disgusting gurgling, choking cough. His birth can be estimated to have happened in the year TA 2430 . His death date is given as March 25 , 3019 . His life was extended far beyond its natural limits by the effects of possessing the One Ring . At the time of his death, Sm\u00e9agol was about 589 years old, a remarkable age for a creature that was once a Hobbit , but he had been deformed and twisted in both body and mind by the corruption of the Ring. His chief desire was to possess the Ring that had enslaved him, and he pursued it for many years after Bilbo Baggins found it while walking in the Misty Mountains in the book The Hobbit. In the movies, he was a deuteragonist-turned-secondary antagonist. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Sm\u00e9agol wanting to take the Ring from D\u00e9agol before killing him [PAR] Sm\u00e9agol in his \"journey\" into becoming Gollum while beginning to possess the Ring [PAR] Once a predecessor of the Stoorish Hobbits , Sm\u00e9agol spent the early years of his life living with his extended family under a Matriarch , his grandmother. Around the year TA 2463 , Sm\u00e9agol became the fourth Bearer of the One Ring, after Sauron , Isildur , and D\u00e9agol . D\u00e9agol was his cousin, and on Sm\u00e9agol's birthday, they went fishing in the Gladden Fields north of the mountains. It was there that D\u00e9agol found a gold ring, after being pulled into the water by a large fish. Almost immediately, Sm\u00e9agol fell to the power of the ring and demanded it as a birthday present. When De\u00e1gol refused, Sm\u00e9agol promptly flew into a barbaric rage and fought with Deagol over the ring, choking him to death and taking the ring as his own. Sm\u00e9agol was quickly corrupted further by the ring and banished by his people; turned by his grandmother out of her hole, he was forced to find a home in a cave in the Misty Mountains in around TA 2470 . The Ring's malignant influence twisted his Hobbit body, as well as his mind, and prolonged his life far beyond its natural limits. He called it his \"Precious\" or his \"Birthday Present,\" the latter as a justification for killing D\u00e9agol. [PAR] Life under the Misty Mountains [PAR] Gollum in The Hobbit [PAR] He lived in the Misty Mountains for over four hundred years, living on raw blind fish (which he caught from his small row boat), bats and Goblins when he could get them. Indeed, he made a song about raw fish, that he uses as a riddle to Bilbo and much later sings to Frodo in a longer version. In later years, he found Hobbit and Elven food repulsive. [PAR] During his centuries under the Ring's influence, he developed a sort of dissociative identity disorder : Sm\u00e9agol, his \"good\" personality, still vaguely remembered things like friendship and love, while Gollum, his \"bad\" personality, was a slave to the Ring and would kill anyone who tried to take it. Years later, Samwise Gamgee would name the good personality \"Slinker\" (for his fawning, eager-to-please demeanor), and the bad personality \"Stinker\". The two personalities often quarreled when he talked to himself (as Tolkien put"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frodo Baggins - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Frodo Baggins | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Bilbo talking to Frodo before he goes off to meet with Gandalf the Grey [PAR] Much of Frodo's youth was spent at Brandy Hall in Buckland , the ancestral home of the Brandybuck family, including his mother ( Primula Brandybuck ). Frodo was known as something of a rascal, befriending Meriadoc (Merry) Brandybuck and Peregrin (Pippin) Took and causing trouble wherever they went. They would often steal mushrooms from Farmer Maggot 's farm Bamfurlong . [PAR] In TA 2980 , when Frodo was only 12 years old, his parents drowned in a boating accident on the Brandywine River . An only child, Frodo stayed in Brandy Hall until his 99-year-old \"uncle\" Bilbo Baggins adopted him in TA 2989 . Bilbo took Frodo to live with him in his home at Bag End and made him his heir. [PAR] Frodo with Bilbo during his 111th birthday [PAR] The two grew very close in the following years; Frodo learned much of the Elvish language during his time with Bilbo, as well as much of the lore of Middle-earth. The two shared the same birthday, September 22 by Shire Reckoning (around September 12\u201314 of our calendar), [1] and a party of special magnificence was held at the beginning of The Fellowship of the Ring when Frodo came of age of thirty-three and Bilbo hit the peculiar year of 111. [PAR] Bilbo gave a memorable Birthday Speech before playing a joke on his fellow hobbits by using the One Ring to disappear, at which Gandalf quickly reacted and used his staff to create a blinding flash where Bilbo had been standing. The hobbits at the Party were left confused and disgruntled, and Bilbo was never again seen in the Shire. [PAR] Before departing for his journey to Rivendell, Bilbo had a long conversation with Gandalf, who finally persuaded him to voluntarily surrender the One Ring. Bilbo left it on the fireplace mantel with a note for Frodo, who would now become the next Ring-bearer. [PAR] Coming of Age and Quest Beginning [PAR] Gandalf telling Frodo the story about the One Ring [PAR] After the party finished, Frodo returned home and discovered that he was now the master of Bag End and the recipient of Bilbo's magic ring. Gandalf , ever more curious about the ring's origin, power, and purpose (but not yet positive it was the One Ring), advised the young hobbit against the using the ring. For the next seventeen years, Frodo complied with the wizard 's request and hid the Ring in a safe place. However, on April 12 , 3018 , Gandalf returned to Bag End and warned Frodo that the Ring was actually the One Ring, which the evil lord Sauron needed to rule over Middle-earth. Realizing that Sauron would be looking for the Ring, Gandalf advised the Hobbit to secretly follow Bilbo's journey to Rivendell. [PAR] After Frodo's discussion with Gandalf, a rumor started that he was running out of money. This rumor, although not begun by Frodo, was encouraged by him. Merry helped Frodo to purchase a small house at Crickhollow . With the exception of his gardener Sam Gamgee , who had agreed to accompany him to Rivendell , Frodo told the other Hobbits of the Shire that he intended to move to Buckland . He sold his home to the Sackville-Baggins , and, on the September 23, 3018, the day after his fiftieth birthday,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Christopher Lee - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Sir Christopher Lee | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Christopher Lee as Dracula [PAR] Lee auditioned for the part of Gandalf , but according to an interview with Lawrence French called Sir Christopher Lee on The Lord of the Rings Trilogy, Lee stated \" Of course I would have loved to play Gandalf, but I don\u2019t think he (Peter Jackson) ever had me in mind for Gandalf, because by that time I was too old.\" [5] It is also further stated on Wikipedia, due to his physical limitations, the amount of fighting and horseback riding involved in the role was what prevented Lee from being considered. Playing Saruman was more ideal since it involved less fighting and horseback riding. [6] {Ian McKellen who played Gandalf was 17 years younger than Lee.} [PAR] Lee was the only actor of The Lord of the Rings who had ever met Tolkien . [PAR] He is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as one of the worlds tallest actors (6'5\"). [PAR] Lee is said to have had more recorded sword fights than any other actor in history. [PAR] After his first role as Dracula , Lee appeared as the vampire in six other Dracula films. He also played 'The Creature' in The Curse of Frankenstein. [PAR] Sir Christopher Lee also played Count Dooku in two of the Star Wars prequel trilogy movies, Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones and Star Wars Episode III: The Revenge of the Sith. [PAR] Lee was fluent in Italian (his grandfather was Italian) and German . He spoke moderate French . [PAR] According to a behind scenes footage found on YouTube, During the filming of his character Saruman's death scene for the The Return of the King , (later put in the Extended Edition) Peter Jackson began to coach him how he (Jackson) wanted Lee to react when Saruman was stabbed in the back by Grima ( Brad Dourif ). However, Lee interrupted him, reminding him that Lee actually had previously heard the sound a man makes when he is stabbed in the back. Jackson explains in the commentary \"He proceeded to talk about a very clandestine part of World War II. He seemed to have expert knowledge on exactly the kind of noise they make.\" Producer Barry Osborne mentions \"He (Lee) was part of the British Secret Service or OSS or whatever they were called.\" Jackson never pushed the subject and allowed Lee to proceed. Jackson even mentions what he said to Lee and his final thought on his performance \"I'm sure you'll do great and he did.\" [1] [PAR] Christopher Lee re-read Lord of the Rings (LOTR) every year. [PAR] Lee received the Award BAFTA Fellowship in 2011. [PAR] Christopher Lee [PAR] The Carandinis, Lee's maternal ancestors, were given the right to bear the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Cinemareview cites: \"Cardinal Consalvi was Papal Secretary of State at the time of Napoleon and is buried at the Rome Pantheon in Rome next to the painter Raphael. His painting, by Lawrence, hangs in Windsor Castle\". [PAR] Lee was a step-cousin of Ian Fleming, author of the James Bond spy novels. He played the villain Scaramanga in the Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun. [PAR] In the Film The House that Dripped Blood Lee, in one clip, is filmed reading a paperback edition of The Lord of the Rings"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] J.R.R. Tolkien Biography - Tolkien's life J.R.R. Tolkien Biography - Tolkien's life [PAR] Tolkien Biography [PAR] Philologist, author, mythmaker and creator of \"Middle Earth\" [PAR] Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University, a brilliant philologist, and a self-described \"hobbit,\" J.R.R. Tolkien created two of the best-loved stories of the 20th century, \" The Hobbit \" and \" The Lord of the Rings \", recently made into a multiple award-winning movie by the director Peter Jackson for New Line Cinema. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892, in Bloemfontein, South Africa, to English parents. At the age of three his mother brought him and his younger brother, Hilary, back to England. Tolkien's father died soon afterwards in South Africa, so the family stayed in England and by the summer of 1896 his mother found them a home in the hamlet of Sarehole, just outside the city Birmingham. [PAR] Tolkien's family lived in genteel poverty, eventually moving to Moseley a suburb of Birmingham, just north west of Sarehole. When he was 12, Tolkien's mother died, and he and his brother were made wards of a Catholic priest. They lived with aunts and in boarding homes thereafter. The dichotomy between Tolkien's happier days in the rural landscape of Sarehole and his adolescent years in the industrial centre of Birmingham would be felt strongly in his later works. [PAR] Education [PAR] The young Tolkien attended King Edward's School in Birmingham in the years 1910 and 1911, where he excelled in classical and modern languages. There are six known contributions he made in the King Edward's School Chronicle. In 1911 he went to Exeter College, Oxford, where he studied Classics, Old English, Germanic languages, Welsh, and Finnish. He quickly demonstrated an aptitude for philology and began to create his own languages. In 1913 Tolkien published his very first poem, called 'From the many-willow'd margin of the immemorial Thames', in the Stapeldon Magazine of Exeter college. [PAR] The Great War [PAR] By the time Tolkien had completed his degree at Oxford in 1915, World War I had erupted across Europe. Tolkien enlisted and was commissioned in the Lancashire Fusiliers, but he did not see active duty for months. In this period he wrote the poem 'Gobin Feet' which got published in ' Oxford Poetry 1915 '. When he learned that he would be shipped out in March 1916, he married his longtime friend Edith Bratt, the girl the poem was written for. [PAR] Tolkien was sent to the Western Front and fought in the Somme offensive. Almost all of his closest friends were killed. After four months in and out of the trenches, he contracted a typhus-like infection and was sent back to England, where he served for the rest of the war. [PAR] Academic Career [PAR] Tolkien's first job was as a lexicographer on the New English Dictionary (helping to draft the Oxford English Dictionary). Tolkien wrote 'A Middle English Vocabulary', but it was not published until 1922, but after it was published some copies were bound with 1st impressions of Sisam\u2019s book, 'Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose' which was published one year before. During this time he began serious work on creating languages that he imagined had been spoken by elves. The languages were based primarily on Finnish and Welsh. He also began his \"Lost Tales\" a mythic history of men, elves, and other creatures he created to provide context for his \"Elvish\" languages. He made the first public presentation of his tales when he read \"The Fall of Gondolin\" to an appreciative audience at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bleeding Gums Murphy - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Bleeding Gums Murphy | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cThe Blues ain't about feeling better; it's about making other people feel worse.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Bleeding Gums Murphy to Lisa [src] [PAR] Murphy Kenneth \"Bleeding Gums\" Hibbert (January 7, 1936 - April 30, 1995) was the idol and role model of Lisa Simpson . He first appears in the sixth episode of Season 1 , Moaning Lisa . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] A young Bleeding Gums Murphy [PAR] Bleeding Gums learned his musical skills at the feet of Blind Willie Witherspoon. Willie wanted to give Bleeding Gums his saxophone, only to be finally told that it wasn't a saxophone and actually an umbrella, meaning that Willie had actually been playing an umbrella for some thirty years. Bleeding Gums explained to Willie that no one informed him of the mistake because \"we all thought it was funny\". [PAR] Murphy Kenneth \"Bleeding Gums Murphy\" Hibbert recorded only one album, titled Sax on the Beach , which was extremely lucrative for him. However, he soon went broke after spending too much of his money on several Faberg\u00e9 eggs a day. He revealed that he had once made a guest appearance on The Cosby Show in 1986 as the Huxtable children's grandfather, as well as appearing on Steve Allen's Tonight Show. [1] [PAR] Bleeding Gums on the Cosby Show. [PAR] Murphy makes his first appearance playing his saxophone on a bridge in the middle of the night. This is a reference to Sonny Rollins, the great saxophonist, who famously retired from public and was not seen for three years, until a journalist discovered him playing the saxophone alone on the Williamsburg Bridge. [PAR] Bleeding Gums was a mentor to Lisa Simpson until his early death. He played and vocalized a song written by Lisa. It pleased Lisa to see the performance of her own jazz song in the bar \" The Jazz Hole \", but not everyone in the family was happy with lyrics, as they criticized several of them. [2] [PAR] Bleeding Gums once sang a twenty six minute version of the American National anthem \"The Star Spangled Banner\" at the Springfield Isotopes game. [3] [PAR] He serves as one of the three judges for a talent show once, giving Bart a 10 for his impersonation of Principal Skinner. [4] He also appears joining in with the song \"Sending Our Love Down the Well\" after Bart pretends that he fell into a well. [5] [PAR] Death [PAR] Bleeding Gums' Tombstone [PAR] He makes his final appearance in \" 'Round Springfield \". When Bart ends up in the hospital after eating a jagged metal Krusty-O's , Lisa finds Bleeding Gums in a hospital bed in a nearby ward. They play Carole King's \"Jazzman\" together, entertaining the hospital. He explains about his life, family and work to her as well as giving her advice for her upcoming school performance, lending her his saxophone. When Lisa returns she is devastated when she finds out that Bleeding Gums has died from circumstances that are never revealed, possibly cardiac arrest. [6] [PAR] No one, except for Lisa attends Murphy's funeral. Reverend Lovejoy gets his name wrong, calling him \"Blood and Guts Murphy\" and \"Bloody Gums Murphy\", as well as saying that he was \"quite the sousaphone player\". This prompts Lisa to buy his album, as the jazz station didn't have it, although she cannot afford it. Bart uses the $500 he got from his court case against \"Krusty O's\" to buy it for her. She gives"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celebrity Perfume, Women\u2019s Fragrances, Discount Perfume ... Celebrity Perfume, Women\u2019s Fragrances, Discount Perfume | Perfume.com [PAR] Cart [PAR] Celebrity Women\u2019s Perfumes and Fragrances [PAR] In the last couple of years the fragrances world has shifted and there has been more and more celebrity perfumes and celebrity colognes from your favorite music, television and movies stars. Now perfume houses are starting to associate their name with a celebrity signature scent which creates better marketing and exposure and thus more sales to the fragrance lines and now celebrity fragrances are more popular than ever. The recent launches by Katy Perry, Fergie, Rihanna and Kim Kardashian all support the claim that celebrity women\u2019s perfumes are here to stay. [PAR] The first real celebrity perfume was from Cher in 1987 but in recent years celebrity perfumes have exploded on the market place with many stars lending their name to a signature celebrity scent. Such stars have put out their fragrance line like Kim Kardashian perfumes , Jennifer Aniston perfume, Jennifer Lopez perfume series from TV and movie industry to hip hop and musical acts like Beyonce perfume , Rihanna and her Reb\u2019l Fleur , to the Britney Spears\u2019 popular perfume line. The lines of celebrity and marketing have converged as Sarah Jessica Parker has her celebrity fragrance which has also tied into the Sex and City TV show popularity. Hit or miss the celebrity fragrances are here to stay and Perfume.com has the best selling celebrity scents and the best discount celebrity perfumes and cologne for sale at our online perfume store . [PAR] \u201cWomen's Perfume: Celebrity Scents\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Lennon shot - History.com \u2014 American & World History John Lennon shot - Dec 08, 1980 - HISTORY.com [PAR] John Lennon shot [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] John Lennon, a former member of the Beatles, the rock group that transformed popular music in the 1960s, is shot and killed by an obsessed fan in New York City. The 40-year-old artist was entering his luxury Manhattan apartment building when Mark David Chapman shot him four times at close range with a .38-caliber revolver. Lennon, bleeding profusely, was rushed to the hospital but died en route. Chapman had received an autograph from Lennon earlier in the day and voluntarily remained at the scene of the shooting until he was arrested by police. For a week, hundreds of bereaved fans kept a vigil outside the Dakota\u2013Lennon\u2019s apartment building\u2013and demonstrations of mourning were held around the world. [PAR] John Lennon was one half of the singing-songwriting team that made the Beatles the most popular musical group of the 20th century. The other band leader was Paul McCartney, but the rest of the quartet\u2013George Harrison and Ringo Starr\u2013sometimes penned and sang their own songs as well. Hailing from Liverpool, England, and influenced by early American rock and roll, the Beatles took Britain by storm in 1963 with the single \u201cPlease Please Me.\u201d \u201cBeatlemania\u201d spread to the United States in 1964 with the release of \u201cI Want to Hold Your Hand,\u201d followed by a sensational U.S. tour. With youth poised to break away from the culturally rigid landscape of the 1950s, the \u201cFab Four,\u201d with their exuberant music and good-natured rebellion, were the perfect catalyst for the shift. [PAR] The Beatles sold millions of records and starred in hit movies such as A Hard Day\u2019s Night (1964). Their live performances were near riots, with teenage girls screaming and fainting as their boyfriends nodded along to the catchy pop songs. In 1966, the Beatles gave up touring to concentrate on their innovative studio recordings, such as 1967\u2019s Sgt. Pepper\u2019s Lonely Heart\u2019s Club Band, a psychedelic concept album that is regarded as a masterpiece of popular music. The Beatles\u2019 music remained relevant to youth throughout the great cultural shifts of the 1960s, and critics of all ages acknowledged the songwriting genius of the Lennon-McCartney team. [PAR] Lennon was considered the intellectual Beatle and certainly was the most outspoken of the four. He caused a major controversy in 1966 when he declared that the Beatles were \u201cmore popular than Jesus,\u201d prompting mass burnings of Beatles\u2019 records in the American Bible Belt. He later became an anti-war activist and flirted with communism in the lyrics of solo hits like \u201cImagine,\u201d recorded after the Beatles disbanded in 1970. In 1975, Lennon dropped out of the music business to spend more time with his Japanese-born wife, Yoko Ono, and their son, Sean. In 1980, he made a comeback with Double-Fantasy, a critically acclaimed album that celebrated his love for Yoko and featured songs written by her. [PAR] On December 8, 1980, their peaceful domestic life on New York\u2019s Upper West Side was shattered by 25-year-old Mark David Chapman. Psychiatrists deemed Chapman a borderline psychotic. He was instructed to plead insanity, but instead he pleaded guilty to murder. He was sentenced to 20 years to life. In 2000, New York State prison officials denied Chapman a parole hearing, telling him that his \u201cvicious and violent act was apparently fueled by your need to be acknowledged.\u201d He remains behind bars at Attica Prison in New York State. [PAR] John Lennon is memorialized in \u201cStrawberry Fields,\u201d a section of Central Park"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monica Lewinsky breaks silence on affair with Bill Clinton ... Monica Lewinsky breaks silence on affair with Bill Clinton | New York Post [PAR] Monica Lewinsky breaks silence on affair with Bill Clinton [PAR] Modal Trigger [PAR] Monica Lewinsky works in a White House office as President Bill Clinton looks on. Getty Images [PAR] Monica Lewinsky has penned a new tell-all about her affair with President Bill Clinton in which she describes how his powerful political machine ruthlessly made her a \u201cscapegoat\u201d to save his presidency. [PAR] Lewinsky, 40, says she decided to tell her story now because of the suicide of Tyler Clementi, the 18-year-old Rutgers freshman who jumped from the George Washington Bridge in September 2010 after he was secretly caught on a Webcam kissing another man in his dorm room. [PAR] Clementi\u2019s suicide, she wrote, made her mother, Marcia Lewis, frantic because it dredged up memories of her fears for her own daughter after the scandal broke. [PAR] Lewinsky during her 1999 deposition.AP [PAR] \u201cShe was reliving 1998, when she wouldn\u2019t let me out of her sight. She was replaying those weeks when she stayed by my bed, night after night, because I, too, was suicidal. The shame, the scorn, and the fear that had been thrown at her daughter left her afraid that I would take my own life \u2014 a fear that I would be literally humiliated to death,\u201d Lewinsky wrote. [PAR] The former White House intern \u2014 dubbed the \u201cportly pepperpot\u201d for her full figure and undisguised lust for the married president \u2014 said she never tried to kill herself but had suicidal thoughts as the seamy details of their tawdry tryst emerged. [PAR] \u201cMy own suffering took on a different meaning. Perhaps by sharing my story, I reasoned, I might be able to help others in their darkest moments of humiliation. The question became: How do I find and give a purpose to my past?\u201d she wrote. [PAR] An excerpt of the article appeared Tuesday on the Web site of Vanity Fair magazine , which will publish Lewinsky\u2019s full story May 13. Additional quotes came from a press release about her story. [PAR] Lewinsky admits the timing of her tell-all could prove awkward for the Clintons \u2014 with Hillary mulling a 2016 presidential run while facing renewed questions over her role in the Benghazi bloodbath. [PAR] Hillary Clinton looks at her husband, President Bill Clinton, immediately following an address in 1999.REUTERS/Win McNamee [PAR] But she said she\u2019d remained silent during previous Clinton campaigns and decided now was the time to speak out. [PAR] \u201cI remained virtually reclusive, despite being inundated with press requests. I put off announcing several media projects in 2012 until after the election. (They were subsequently canceled \u2014 and, no, I wasn\u2019t offered $12 million for a salacious tell-all book, contrary to press reports.) [PAR] \u201cAnd recently I\u2019ve found myself gun-shy yet again, fearful of \u2018becoming an issue\u2019 should she decide to ramp up her campaign. But should I put my life on hold for another 8 to 10 years?\u201d she wrote. [PAR] Lewinsky also brought up the files of Hillary Clinton\u2019s close pal, Diane Blair, in which the first lady called Lewinsky a \u201cnarcissistic loony toon\u201d and in part blamed herself for Bubba\u2019s philandering. [PAR] \u201cYes, I get it. Hillary Clinton wanted it on record that she was lashing out at her husband\u2019s mistress. She may have faulted her husband for being inappropriate, but I find her impulse to blame the Woman \u2014 not only me, but herself \u2014 troubling. Courageous or foolish, maybe, but narcissistic and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First modern Olympic Games - Apr 06, 1896 - HISTORY.com First modern Olympic Games - Apr 06, 1896 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First modern Olympic Games [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On April 6, 1896, the Olympic Games, a long-lost tradition of ancient Greece, are reborn in Athens 1,500 years after being banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I. At the opening of the Athens Games, King Georgios I of Greece and a crowd of 60,000 spectators welcomed athletes from 13 nations to the international competition. [PAR] The first recorded Olympic Games were held at Olympia in the Greek city-state of Elis in 776 B.C., but it is generally accepted that the Olympics were at least 500 years old at that time. The ancient Olympics, held every four years, occurred during a religious festival honoring the Greek god Zeus. In the eighth century B.C., contestants came from a dozen or more Greek cities, and by the fifth century B.C. from as many as 100 cities from throughout the Greek empire. Initially, Olympic competition was limited to foot races, but later a number of other events were added, including wrestling, boxing, horse and chariot racing, and military competitions. The pentathlon, introduced in 708 B.C., consisted of a foot race, the long jump, discus and javelin throws, and wrestling. With the rise of Rome, the Olympics declined, and in 393 A.D. the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, abolished the Games as part of his efforts to suppress paganism in the Roman Empire. [PAR] With the Renaissance, Europe began a long fascination with ancient Greek culture, and in the 18th and 19th centuries some nations staged informal sporting and folkloric festivals bearing the name \u201cOlympic Games.\u201d However, it was not until 1892 that a young French baron, Pierre de Coubertin, seriously proposed reviving the Olympics as a major international competition that would occur every four years. At a conference on international sport in Paris in June 1894, Coubertin again raised the idea, and the 79 delegates from nine countries unanimously approved his proposal. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was formed, and the first Games were planned for 1896 in Athens, the capital of Greece. [PAR] In Athens, 280 participants from 13 nations competed in 43 events, covering track-and-field, swimming, gymnastics, cycling, wrestling, weightlifting, fencing, shooting, and tennis. All the competitors were men, and a few of the entrants were tourists who stumbled upon the Games and were allowed to sign up. The track-and-field events were held at the Panathenaic Stadium, which was originally built in 330 B.C. and restored for the 1896 Games. Americans won nine out of 12 of these events. The 1896 Olympics also featured the first marathon competition, which followed the 25-mile route run by a Greek soldier who brought news of a victory over the Persians from Marathon to Athens in 490 B.C. In 1924, the marathon was standardized at 26 miles and 385 yards. Appropriately, a Greek, Spyridon Louis, won the first marathon at the 1896 Athens Games. [PAR] Pierre de Coubertin became IOC president in 1896 and guided the Olympic Games through its difficult early years, when it lacked much popular support and was overshadowed by world\u2019s fairs. In 1924, the first truly successful Olympic Games were held in Paris, involving more than 3,000 athletes, including more than 100 women, from 44 nations. The first Winter Olympic Games were also held that year. In 1925, Coubertin retired. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the foremost international sports competition. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, more than 10,000 athletes from 200 countries"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve Redgrave - Motion in Action - Great Olympic Heroes ... Steve Redgrave - Motion in Action - Great Olympic Heroes, Stories and Inspirational Sportsmen and Women [PAR] Steve Redgrave - Motion in Action [PAR] Sometimes it is not any one individual feat that defines someone\u2019s \u201cgreatness\u201d as much as it is the culmination of the many accomplishments they have made as a whole. Sir Stephen Geoffrey Redgrave is one such example that exemplifies this very scenario. [PAR] Stephen Redgrave (Now known as Sir Stephen Redgrave after receiving the prestigious Knighthood during the 2001 New Year\u2019s Honors List) was born on March 23rd of 1962 in Marlow, England. While he does not publicly speak much about his past, his incredible list of records speaks for itself. [PAR] Steve Redgrave was a British Rower in his earlier years. This at least, is what brought him international fame and recognition. His feats and capabilities as a coxswain manifested themselves early on, but he will likely always be best remembered for his Olympic accomplishments. Steve Redgrave first arrived on the Olympic scene during the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles , California . [PAR] He won his first Olympic Gold Medal during the Coxed fours events. He again appeared in the Olympic rowing competitions in during the 1988 Olympic Games held in Seoul , South Korea and won another Gold Medal, this time in the coxless-pairs event. He also managed a second medal. He won a Bronze medal in the coxed-pairs events as well. [PAR] Anybody who is an avid follower of the Olympics knows that scoring two gold medals in consecutive Olympic Games is an amazing accomplishment, but Sir Stephen was not finished, at this point he had barely even started his amazing list of Olympic deeds. [PAR] His third Olympic appearance was in the 1992 Olympics held in Barcelona, Spain. During the 1992 games he managed to win a Gold medal in the coxless pairs again. Three consecutive gold medals is an accomplishment which is almost unheard of, but still he was not done. [PAR] During the 1996 Olympic games in Atlanta, Georgia he scored yet again. Once again, his strongest competition was the coxless pairs and he won his fourth gold medal in four consecutive Olympic Games. He vowed never to compete again in the Olympics after he had won the gold in Atlanta, but shortly afterwards decided that he had chosen his words prematurely. [PAR] He did indeed participate in the 2000 Olympics held in Sydney, Australia. Could this (now) aging coxswain still compete with the world\u2019s best competitors though? [PAR] The Olympic Competition in Sydney, like all Olympic competitions, is between what are arguably the best athletes in the world from any given sport. Sir Stephen had seen his better days. Recent problems with his health led many people to doubt his ability to be truly competitive in such a gathering of exceptional athletes. [PAR] He still worked very hard in his chosen field though, and he always had the encouragement and found the motivation to excel in whatever endeavor he chose to undertake. During the Sydney Olympics he went on to win his fifth consecutive Gold medal, this time in the coxless fours event. [PAR] This made him the first Olympic rower in history to accomplish such an amazing record. Never before in Olympic history had any rower racked up Gold in five consecutive Olympic challenges. His receiving the Knighthood and his title was a direct result of the hard work and effort he put forth in his Olympic competition. [PAR] While this in itself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1996 Atlanta Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 1996 Atlanta Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] 1996 Atlanta Summer Games [PAR] Host City: Atlanta, United States (July 20, 1996 to August 4, 1996) [PAR] Opening Ceremony: July 19, 1996 (opened by President Bill Clinton) [PAR] Lighter of the Olympic Flame: Muhammad Ali [PAR] Taker of the Olympic Oath: Teresa Edwards (athlete) [PAR] Closing Ceremony: August 4, 1996 [PAR] Events: 271 in 31 sports [PAR] Participants: 10,342 (6,819 men and 3,520 women) from 197 countries [PAR] Youngest Participant: [PAR] Hem Reaksmey (12 years, 320 days) [PAR] Oldest Participant: [PAR] Jos\u00e9 Artecona (63 years, 350 days) [PAR] Most Medals (Athlete): [PAR] United States (101 medals) [PAR] Overview [PAR] In September 1994, the IOC celebrated the 100th anniversary of the reestablishment of the Olympic Games at the Centennial Olympic Congress in Paris. It was but a prelude to the 1996 Olympic Games, which were called the Centennial Olympic Games, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Ist Games of the Modern Olympiad. [PAR] \u00bb Click to show/hide rest of overview [PAR] The Games were held in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States, and that decision had been made in September 1990. It was a highly controversial decision, as the favorite seemed to be Athens, which had hosted the [1896 Olympics]. Athens had not been an Olympic host since [1906], or officially 1896, and the Greeks seemed to feel that the 1996 Olympics belonged to them as a birthright. When they lost the bid, the Greeks were irate, feeling that the Games had been stolen from them. They accused Atlanta and The Coca-Cola Company, a major international corporation based in Atlanta that has been a significant commercial sponsor of the Olympic Games, of buying the Olympics. The Greeks actually briefly considered boycotting the Centennial Olympic Games, and even refused to allow Atlanta to use the Olympic Flame, which is always lit at Olympia, Greece, for the torch relay. But IOC President [Juan Antonio Samaranch] and the IOC were able to assuage the Greeks and eventually neither of these events came to pass. [PAR] The Games were returning to the United States after only 12 years, with the [1984 Olympic Games] having been held in Los Angeles. But the 1996 Olympics were a chance for Atlanta to demonstrate itself as a major international city. Atlanta had problems however. The city became inundated with vendors and salespeople selling Olympic-related merchandise and attempting to make a fast buck off the Olympics. The atmosphere was somewhat unsavory and definitely commercialized and the Olympic Movement did not appreciate it, feeling that Atlanta had gone overboard in this regard. [PAR] The major problem that occurred at the 1996 Olympics came on Saturday, 27 July, shortly after midnight, when a bomb exploded in the Centennial Olympic Park, where many spectators and fans congregated and partied through the night. The bomb killed two people and injured several more. Through 2002, the perpetrator of the blast has not been found. [PAR] By now, the new world order was fully established with many of the former Soviet Republics competing independently for the first time. Germany again competed as a single nation, having absorbed the great German Democratic Republic athletic programs under the flag of the combined state. For the first time ever, all IOC member nations competed at the Olympics, with 197 nations competing. [PAR] The biggest medal winner at Atlanta was American swimmer [Amy Van Dyken], who won four gold medals. She was challenged in the pool by the Irish swimmer [Michelle Smith], who won three gold medals, but was dogged"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What changed the Olympics forever - CNN.com What changed the Olympics forever - CNN.com [PAR] What changed the Olympics forever [PAR] By Bob Greene, CNN Contributor [PAR] updated 11:43 AM EDT, Mon July 23, 2012 [PAR] Jim Thorpe was stripped of his gold medals, won in the 1912 Olympics, because he had once been in semi-pro baseball. [PAR] STORY HIGHLIGHTS [PAR] Bob Greene: For decades, the Olympic Games banned professional athletes [PAR] He says the decision to admit pros changed the nature of the games [PAR] Greene: Having pro athletes compete increases potential for games to make money [PAR] He says as long as the Olympics are televised, pros will be there to compete [PAR] Editor's note: CNN Contributor Bob Greene is a best-selling author whose 25 books include \"Chevrolet Summers, Dairy Queen Nights\" and \"Hang Time: Days and Dreams with Michael Jordan.\" He appears on \"CNN Newsroom\" Sundays during the 5 p.m. ET hour. [PAR] (CNN) -- For all the cheers, roars and ovations in all the Olympic stadiums and arenas over all the years, perhaps the most significant Olympic sound heard in the last quarter-century was a yawn. [PAR] Because a yawn, symbolically, was how the public greeted what might have been the most controversial change in rules that the International Olympic Committee ever instituted. [PAR] The one firm rule that always governed the Olympic Games was that amateur athletes were permitted to compete. Professional athletes were not. [PAR] That's what made the Olympics the Olympics. [PAR] Until it didn't. [PAR] And the fans, far from protesting in outrage at the change, didn't care. In fact, they seemed to like it a lot. [PAR] In the Olympic eras before television, athletes who accepted money for their performances might as well have been lepers, in the eyes of the IOC. If it was discovered that you got paid for playing, or that you accepted commercial endorsements, you were shunned, banished, cast to the cold winds. [PAR] 'An iconic test of strength and skill' [PAR] A look back: London Olympics in 1948 [PAR] Lady boxer breaks Olympic glass ceiling [PAR] Olympic athlete on pressures of competing [PAR] In the most famous example of the inflexibility of the Olympic organizers, Jim Thorpe, perhaps America's finest athlete of all time, had his gold medals in the decathlon and pentathlon in the 1912 Olympics stripped, and his achievements nullified, because he had once accepted small amounts of money for playing semi-pro baseball during his college summers. It broke his heart. The medals were reinstated in 1983 -- 30 years after his death, 30 years after the moment could have given him any comfort. [PAR] Torch starts final leg before London Olympics open [PAR] It may be hard for young viewers of this summer's London Olympics to imagine, but all the sponsorships, advertisements and marketing hoopla that are a standard part of big-dollar contemporary Olympic Games were thought to be an insult to the Olympic spirit not so long ago. The Olympics were supposed to be about love of sport, not love of money. [PAR] Then came TV. [PAR] The president of the IOC during the years of television's phenomenal growth was an American, Avery Brundage, and the guiding principle of his reign (1952-1972) was what was called the \"amateur code.\" He was unbendable on the subject. In a 1955 speech, Brundage said: [PAR] \"We can only rely on the support of those who believe in the principles of fair play and sportsmanship embodied in the amateur code in our efforts to prevent the Games from being used by individuals, organizations or"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] A selection of the weird and wonderful club nicknames in world soccer [PAR] Juventus' nickname reflects a long and successful history. Valerio Pennicino / Getty Images [PAR] By Stewart Coggin [PAR] Updated April 23, 2016. [PAR] The origins of some soccer club nicknames are fascinating, often unique to a certain area or moment in history. It is common for clubs to have a variety of nicknames, but here are 10 of the most interesting ones. [PAR] Arsenal (the Gunners) [PAR] The club was formed in 1886 by workers at Woolwich Arsenal Armament Factory. Initially called Dial Square, the club would be renamed as Woolwich Arsenal before dropping the prefix in 1913. The connection to the Armament Factory remained despite the club moving to north London, and they are still known as the Gunners. [PAR] River Plate (millionaires) [PAR] The Argentinean giants became known as Los Millionaros (millionaires) after they moved from Boca, a working class district of Buenos Aires to a wealthier area in 1938. [PAR] The Spanish club are known as Los Colchoneros (the mattress makers) because their shirts resemble a traditional pattern on Spanish mattresses. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Fastest Miles Ever Run [PAR] Everton (the Toffees or Toffeemen) [PAR] There are several explanations for the origin of this moniker. Some believe it hails from a toffee shop near the ground which sold the Everton Mint, while another explanation is that \u2018Toffees\u2019 was a nickname for the Irish, of whom there were many in Liverpool. [PAR] FC Koln (billy goats) [PAR] The club were founded in one of the working class districts of the Rhineland city, and goat is a derogatory name for the poor. Geissbock (billy goat) stuck and Koln still parade a mascot goat called Hennes \u2013 after former coach Hennes Weisweiler \u2013 before every home match. [PAR] Nimes (the Crocodiles) [PAR] The emblem of the French city is a crocodile tied to a palm tree. Nimes was once a favorite resting place of Roman soldiers who had conquered Egypt (the crocodile stands for Egypt and the palm symbolizes victory). The shirt has a crocodile graphic on the body. [PAR] Ipswich Town (the Tractor Boys) [PAR] The English club are widely known as the \u2018Blues\u2019 or \u2018Town\u2019, but acquired a new nickname during their first appearance in the Premier League. Ipswich are called The Tractor Boys because of the agricultural links to the area. When they played Birmingham City, the opposition fans sang \u201cno noise from the Tractor Boys\u201d during a routine win, and soon their own supporters began using the name to refer to themselves as they jovially highlighted the club\u2019s lack of glamor compared to their more illustrious opponents. [PAR] Galatasaray (Cim Bom Bom) [PAR] The Turkish club, set up by students of a French high school, went on tour to Switzerland in the early 1900s where they learnt a Swiss song called Jim Bom Bom. Once they returned home it got lost in translation. [PAR] Olympiakos (legend) [PAR] The Greek outfit became known as Thrylos (legend) after a successful run in the 1930s which garnered six league titles. For a spell, the side featured a forward line made up exclusively of the five Andrianopoulos brothers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The fans are to blame for the reduced capacity - Tripod.com The fans are to blame for the reduced capacity [PAR] The fans are to blame for the reduced capacity [PAR] Click on the pictures to see them in full size. [PAR] Juventus plan to rebuild the Delle Alpi stadium and many Juventus fans have complained about the fact that the capacity will be heavily reduced. The Juventus directors want the stadium sold out for every match, and they have the statistics on their side when they have decided for this heavily reduced capacity. The sad fact is that Juventus only have around 30 000 spectators for the majority of their Serie A home games each year. The average attendance has dropped every year in the last six seasons. From a good average attendance of 47 000 in the 1997-1998 season to a very poor average attendance of 35 000 in the 2003-2004 season. In the last three succesful seasons when Juventus were crowned Italian champions two times, the Delle Alpi Stadium was sold out only for three games. When you watch Juventus games in TV you always see thousands of empty seats. Therefore it is not difficult to understand that the Juventus board want to reduce the capacity from 69 000 to a more fitting capacity. [PAR] So how come doesn't the most popular club in Italy with over 11 million fans in the country manage to get more spectators to their home games? The Turin population are known to be cold, demanding and not easy to satisfy. In the 1994-95 season Juventus played two UEFA cup games against Borussia Dortmund and Parma in Milano, and the stadium was sold out both times, 85 000 spectators were present. Had those games been played in Turin not more than 40-50 000 spectators would have gone to the games. Juventus have also played two official games in Palermo in front of a sold out stadium, and one time in Bologna also in front of a sold out stadium. Another well known fact is that almost every away game Juventus play in the Serie A is sold out, and Juventus enjoy a huge support in their away games in Italy. [PAR] The San Siro stadium in Milano was sold out for both games Juventus played there in the 1994-95 season. [PAR] When I spoke to the owner of one of the shops in Turin who sell tickets for the Juventus games, he told me that he rarely sell tickets to people coming from Turin. Almost all the tickets he sell goes to people from other Italian cities and foreign fans. Another thing that has to be mentioned is that to each home game Juventus play, statistically almost 50% of the fans come from outside of Turin to watch the game. Switzerland and France are always well represented, and thousands of fans travel from Milano and the other Northern Italian cities every week to watch Juventus. Regions like Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia Romagna, Liguria, Marche and Sicilia always contribute with many fans. Juventus have huge support in Milano and the fans living there would like Juventus to move away from Turin. They mean that Juventus would fill up their stadium if they moved closer to Milano, for example to Novara. And they always argue with the Juventus fans from Turin about why they have to come to Turin to see the games, when instead the fans from Turin could come to Milano where Juventus enjoy a bigger support. [PAR] It is very strange that Juventus doesn't manage to fill up their stadium"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] England - List of FA Charity/Community Shield Matches England - List of FA Charity/Community Shield Matches [PAR] England - List of FA Charity/Community Shield Matches [PAR] The FA Charity Shield was introduced in 1908 to succeed the Sheriff of London (Dewar) Shield (see below). At first it was played at the end of the season, later around October and since 1959 it has been the curtain raiser to the English season. Prior to 1974 it was usually played on the ground of one of the competing teams but since 1975 it has been played at Wembley. The match has usually been contested between the League Champions and the FA Cup Winners (or League runners-up when one team wins the double) but previously it has also been played between Select XIs, winners of the Football League and Southern League or League Champions against Division Two Champions. [PAR] The FA Charity Shield was preceded by the Sheriff of London (Dewar) Charity Shield which was contested from 1898 to 1907 by the teams chosen to be the best professional team and best amateur team in the land. The George Dewar Shield lapsed in 1908 following a rift between the leading amateur clubs and the FA although it has been revived on a number of occasions since. [PAR] In 2002 the Charity Shield was renamed Community Shield after a government report in March 2002 said the FA had breached fund-raising regulations in the way it handled cash raised by the game. Since 2001 the match is played at the Cardiff Millennium Stadium. [PAR] Sheriff of London (Dewar) Charity Shield [PAR] 1898\ufffd Corinthians 0:1 Sheffield United 0:1 1899* Aston Villa 0 Queen's Park 0 1900 Corinthians 2 Aston Villa 1 1901 Aston Villa 1 Corinthians 0 1902 Tottenham Hotspur 5 Corinthians 2 1903 Sunderland 3 Corinthians 0 1904 Corinthians 10 Bury 3 1905 The Wednesday 2 Corinthians 1 1906 Liverpool 5 Corinthians 1 1907 Newcastle United 5 Corinthians 2 \ufffd Sheffield United declined to play extra-time as they disagreed with some of the referee's decisions * shared, each club retained the Shield for six months 1931 Arsenal 5 Corinthians 3 1933 Arsenal 9 Corinthians 2 1934 Tottenham Hotspur 7 Corinthians 4 1965 Arsenal 7 Corinthian-Casuals 0 1966 Arsenal 5 Corinthian-Casuals 2 [PAR] FA Charity Shield [PAR] 1908 Manchester United 1:4 Queen's Park Rangers 1:0 1909 Newcastle United 2 Northampton Town 0 1910 Brighton & Hove Albion 1 Aston Villa 0 1911 Manchester United 8 Swindon Town 4 1912 Blackburn Rovers 2 Queen's Park Rangers 1 1913 Professionals 7 Amateurs 2 1914-19 Not played 1920 West Bromwich Albion 2 Tottenham Hotspur 0 1921 Tottenham Hotspur 2 Burnley 0 1922 Huddersfield Town 1 Liverpool 0 1923 Professionals 2 Amateurs 0 1924 Professionals 3 Amateurs 1 1925 Amateurs 6 Professionals 1 1926 Amateurs 6 Professionals 3 1927 Cardiff City 2 Corinthians 1 1928 Everton 2 Blackburn Rovers 1 1929 Professionals 3 Amateurs 0 1930 Arsenal 2 Sheffield Wednesday 1 1931 Arsenal 1 West Bromwich Albion 0 1932 Everton 5 Newcastle United 3 1933 Arsenal 3 Everton 0 1934 Arsenal 4 Manchester City 0 1935 Sheffield Wednesday 1 Arsenal 0 1936 Sunderland 2 Arsenal 1 1937 Manchester City 2 Sunderland 0 1938 Arsenal 2 Preston North End 1 1939-47 Not played 1948 Arsenal 4 Manchester United 3 1949* Portsmouth 1 Wolverhampton Wanderers 1 1950 World Cup Team 4 Canadian Touring Team 2 1951 Tottenham Hotspur 2 Newcastle United 1 1952 Manchester United 4 Newcastle United 2 1953 Arsenal 3 Blackpool 1 1954* Wolverhampton Wanderers 4 West Bromwich Albion 4 1955 Chelsea 3 Newcastle United 0 1956 Manchester"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wedding Anniversary Meanings - Step-By-Step Wedding Anniversary Meanings - The Lore and Wisdom Behind the Symbols [PAR] Wedding Anniversary Meanings [PAR] [Below you will find the wedding anniversary meanings for the gifts traditionally associated with each year of marriage.] [PAR] No one knows precisely when wedding anniversaries were first celebrated. But the tradition is believed to go back at least to the Middle Ages. At that time in the Germanic regions of Europe, a husband crowned his wife with a silver wreath on the 25th anniversary of their wedding day. If the couple was fortunate to live long enough, the husband presented his wife a gold wreath on their 50th wedding anniversary. [PAR] By the beginning of the 20th century, an additional 6 anniversaries were celebrated - the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 75th year for a total of 8. [PAR] In 1922 Emily Post published Etiquette in which she identified symbolic gifts associated with each of these 8 milestone anniversaries: paper, wood, tin, crystal, china, silver, gold, and diamond. [PAR] [PAR] 15 years later, the Jewelers of America expanded her list to include materials for every one of the first 20 years of marriage and every 5 years thereafter. Thus was born the traditional list of gifts and wedding anniversary meanings we have today. [PAR] But why were the various materials chosen as gifts to symbolize specific anniversaries? [PAR] To a certain extent, the reasons are clouded in mystery. However, it is generally believed that increasingly durable gifts were chosen for successive years to represent the progressive strengthening of the marriage relationship. As the years go by, the gifts increase in strength and worth from paper to diamond. [PAR] Would you like to know the wedding anniversary meanings behind the gifts for each anniversary year? [PAR] Look no further. The meaning, symbolism, and lore for each are described below. [PAR] Paper [PAR] The first year of marriage is like a clean sheet of paper, a new beginning upon which to write your passage through the years together. Also like paper, it is fragile and can easily rip, not having yet been tried by the fires of adversity and the storms of life. [PAR] Cotton [PAR] Like the interwoven fibers of cotton, the second year of marriage brings a couple closer together as their lives become increasingly intertwined. And as cotton is at the same time both strong and soft, the couple is learning how to be flexible and adapt to each other's needs. [PAR] Leather [PAR] Leather has traditionally symbolized protection and covering; our ancestors covered and protected themselves from the elements with the leather hides of animals. The bonds of marriage offer security and shelter as each partner takes care of the other. Now in its third year, the growing relationship is becoming a source of stability for the married couple. [PAR] Fruit & Flowers [PAR] During the fourth year of marriage, the budding relationship is beginning to blossom like a flower and ripen like fruit. Just as fruit nourishes the body and flowers the soul, so the deepening commitment and nurturing love of the couple brings refreshment and renewal to the marriage. [PAR] Wood [PAR] In ancient times, trees symbolized strength and wisdom. By the fifth year of marriage, the married couple is developing strong, deep roots like a venerable oak tree and is gaining insight and understanding from the mistakes and stumblings of the first five years. The pair has learned the most important lesson of all and the secret to a successful marriage: forgiveness. [PAR] Candy [PAR] As candy is to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1980's TV Shows - Best of 80's TV - Popular Series 1980 ... 1980's TV Shows - Best of 80's TV - Popular Series 1980-1989 - Classic TV Database [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1983-1987 | NBC [PAR] The A-Team is an action adventure series about a fictional group of ex-United States Army Special Forces personnel who work as soldiers of fortune, while on the run from the Army after being branded as war criminals for a \"crime they didn't commit\". The show featured Mr. T and aired on NBC from 1983 to 1987. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1986-1990 | NBC [PAR] ALF is an American science fiction sitcom that originally aired on NBC from 1986 to 1990, created by Paul Fusco. The title character was Gordon Shumway, a friendly extraterrestrial nicknamed ALF (an acronym for Alien Life Form), who crash lands in the garage of the suburban middle-class Tanner family. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1980-1982 | ABC [PAR] Bosom Buddies was a sitcom that starred Tom Hanks and Peter Scolari and ran from 1980 to 1982 on ABC that followed the misadventures of two single men, working in creative advertising, struggling in their industry while disguising themselves as women in order to live in the one apartment they could afford. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1981-1988 | CBS [PAR] Cagney & Lacey is a sitcom that aired on the CBS for seven seasons from 1981 to 1988. A police procedural, the show stars Tyne Daly and Sharon Gless as New York City police detectives who led very different lives: Christine Cagney (Gless) was a single, career-minded woman, while Mary Beth Lacey (Daly) was a married working mother. The series was set in a fictionalized version of Manhattan's 14th Precinct. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1976-1981 | ABC [PAR] Charlie's Angels is a crime drama series about three women who work for a private investigation agency, and is one of the first shows to showcase women in roles traditionally reserved for men. The show aired on ABC from 1976 to 1981.The [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1982-1993 | NBC [PAR] Cheers is a sitom that ran for 11 seasons on NBC from 1982 to 1993. The show is set in the Cheers bar (named for the toast \"Cheers\") in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, chat and have fun. The show's theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy, and co-written with Judy Hart Angelo, lent its famous refrain, \"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\", as the show's tagline. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1977-1983 | NBC [PAR] CHiPs is a drama series that aired on NBC from 1977 to 1983 that followed the lives of two motorcycle police officers of the California Highway Patrol, Baker and Ponch. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1978-1991 | CBS [PAR] Dallas is a drama that revolves around the Ewings, a wealthy Texas family in the oil and cattle-ranching industries. The series won four Emmy Awards, including a 1980 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series win for Barbara Bel Geddes. Throughout the series, Larry Hagman stars as greedy, scheming oil baron J. R. Ewing. The show also starred stage/screen actress Barbara Bel Geddes as family matriarch Miss Ellie, and movie Western actor Jim Davis in his last role as Ewing patriarch Jock Ewing before his death in 1981. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1988-1992 | NBC [PAR] Dear John is a sitcom that aired on NBC from 1988 to 1992. The series was originally based on the British sitcom of the same name. Dear John starred Judd Hirsch as easy going high school teacher"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cable-stayed bridges | Structurae Cable-stayed bridges | Structurae [PAR] Cable-stayed bridges [PAR] In cable-stayed bridges the deck is supported by diagonal cables from a pylon. [PAR] Most Important Structures in this Category [PAR] entry with pictures [PAR] Note: the above table may include entries associated with subcategories while the full list does not include these subcategories. [PAR] Subcategories [PAR] AFPC Ponts suspendus et \u00e0 haubans. Cable-stayed and suspension bridges (Vol. 1) , Association fran\u00e7aise pour la construction, Bagneux (France) [PAR] Abbas, Sajid & Scordelis, Alex Nonlinear analysis of cable-stayed bridges presented at Ponts suspendus et \u00e0 haubans. Cable-stayed and suspension bridges, Deauville, 12.-15.10.1994. [PAR] Abdel-Ghaffar, Ahmed M. Seismic behavior of cable-stayed and suspension bridges presented at Ponts suspendus et \u00e0 haubans. Cable-stayed and suspension bridges, Deauville, 12.-15.10.1994. [PAR] Aschrafi, Mehdi Control of wind-induced vibrations of cable-stayed bridges presented at Ponts suspendus et \u00e0 haubans. Cable-stayed and suspension bridges, Deauville, 12.-15.10.1994. [PAR] Aschrafi, Mehdi Comparative investigations of suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges for spans exceeding 1000 m presented at Long-Span and High-Rise Structures, IABSE Symposium, Kobe, 1998. [PAR] Astiz, Miguel A. & Fern\u00e1ndez Troyano, Leonardo & Manterola Armis\u00e9n, Francisco Javier Evolution of design trends in cable-stayed bridges presented at IABSE Conference, Malm\u00f6 1999 - Cable-stayed bridges. Past, present and future. [PAR] Biliszczuk, Jan & W\u00f3jcicki, Zbigniew & Pakos, Wojciech Analytical and Experimental Dynamical Analysis of a Cable-Stayed Footbridge Model presented at 4th International Conference Footbridge 2011, 6-8 July 2011, Wroclaw, Poland. [PAR] Billington, David P. & Nazmy, Aly History and Aesthetics of Cable-Stayed Bridges in \"Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE)\", October 1991, n. 10 v. 117 [PAR] Biondini, Fabio & Frangopol, Dan M. Some Aspects of the Life-Cycle Reliability of the Twin Cable-Stayed Bridges presented at 17th IABSE Congress, Creating and Renewing Urban Structures \u2013 Tall Buildings, Bridges and Infrastructure, Chicago, September 17-19, 2008. [PAR] Bruer, Arne & Pircher, Heinz & Bokan, Heinz Computer based optimising of the tensioning of cable-stayed bridges presented at IABSE Conference, Malm\u00f6 1999 - Cable-stayed bridges. Past, present and future. [PAR] Bruno, Domenico & Grimaldi, Antonio & Leonardi, Angelo Deformability of long-span cable-stayed bridges for railways presented at IABSE Conference, Malm\u00f6 1999 - Cable-stayed bridges. Past, present and future. [PAR] Bruno, Domenico & Leonardi, Angelo Aerodynamic instability of long-span cable-stayed bridges presented at Long-Span and High-Rise Structures, IABSE Symposium, Kobe, 1998. [PAR] Carlucci, Alberto & Pahisa, Mariona An innovative methodology to determine the partial load factor for prestressing in cable supported bridges presented at Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment, 19th IABSE Congress Stockholm, 21-23 September 2016. [PAR] Chatterjee, P. K. & Datta, T. K. Vibration of Cable-Stayed Bridges under Moving Vehicles in \"Structural Engineering International\", May 1994, n. 2 v. 4 [PAR] Chen, Dewei A new method to assign initial forces for prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridges presented at IABSE Conference, Malm\u00f6 1999 - Cable-stayed bridges. Past, present and future. [PAR] Cheng, Jin & Liu, Xiao-Luan & Xiao, Ru-Cheng System Reliability Evaluation of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges presented at IABSE Symposium, Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas, Venice, 22-24 September 2010. [PAR] Cobo, D. & Burgue\u00f1o, R. & Seible, Frieder & Mari, A. Utilizaci\u00f3n de materiales compuestos avanzados en el proyecto de un puente atirantado in \"Hormig\u00f3n y acero\", 2nd Quarter 2000, n. 216 [PAR] Conversy, Fran\u00e7ois & Bougon, S\u00e9bastien & Boutillon, Laurent The pre-tensioned cable-stayed bridge presented at Ponts suspendus et \u00e0 haubans. Cable-stayed and suspension bridges, Deauville, 12.-15.10.1994. [PAR] Corven, John A. Durability in the design of American precast segmental cable-stayed bridges presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Soccer Super Soccer [PAR] Biography Alessandro Del Piero [PAR] written by Laura Amanda [PAR] Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI[2][3] (born November 9, 1974 in Conegliano Veneto) is an Italian World Cup-winning footballer. He is the captain of Juventus where he holds several club records and he is a member of the Italian national team. [PAR] His footballing ability is highly regarded and he has won critical recognition. Pel\u00e9 named Del Piero in the FIFA 100, a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pel\u00e9 as a part of FIFA's centenary celebrations. He was also voted in the list of best European players for the past 50 years in the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll. In the year 2000 Del Piero was the world's best-paid football player from salary, bonuses and advertising revenue.[4] Currently, Del Piero is still the highest earning Italian Player.[5] [PAR] As well as earning respect for his playing, Del Piero has won several accolades for his character. Along with three awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct[6][7] he has also won the Golden Foot award, which pertains to personality and playing ability.[8] [PAR] Usually, Del Piero plays as a supporting-striker and occasionally between the midfield and the strikers, known in Italy as the \"Trequartista\" position. Although he is not very tall, Del Piero's playing style is regarded by critics as creative in attacking, assisting many goals as well as scoring himself, as opposed to just \"goal poaching.\"[9] His free-kick and penalty taking is also highly regarded.[10] Del Piero has become famous over the years for scoring from a special \" Del Piero Zone\", approaching from the left flank and curling a precise lob into the far top corner of the goal.[11] [PAR] In terms of goalscoring, Del Piero holds the all-time record at Juventus.[12] On April 6th, 2008, Alessandro Del Piero became the all-time top capped Juventus player, ahead of Juve legend Gaetano Scirea. He is in sixth place in the UEFA Champions League all-time goalscorer records.[13] Within the Italian national team, he is currently joint fourth with Roberto Baggio in the all-time scoring records. [PAR] Childhood and early career [PAR] Del Piero is the son of Gino, an electrician, and Bruna, a housekeeper. He regularly played football in the backyard with three friends, Nelso, Pierpaolo, and Giovanni-Paolo as a child, all three dreamed of becoming a footballer but only Del Piero would eventually manage to do so.[14] Alessandro's older brother, Stefano, briefly played professional football for Sampdoria before injury struck him. The family lived in a rural home in San Vendemiano, while growing up Del Piero's family didn't have much money for travelling abroad, so he was considering being a lorry driver in order to see the world.[15] [PAR] While playing for the local youth team of AC San Vendemiano from the age of 7,[16] Del Piero used to play as a goalkeeper because he could play a lot more football that way. His mother thought it would be better for him if he played as a goalkeeper, since he wouldn't sweat and the possibility of him getting injured was less likely. His brother Stefano told their mother: \"Don't you see that Alex is good in the attack?\" and Del Piero switched position.[17] [PAR] It was while playing with his local side of AC San Vendemiano in 1988 that Del Piero was first spotted by scouts \u2014 he left home at the young age of 13 to play in the youth side of Padova Calcio. He got his first chance at professional football in 1991 where he played in the Italian Serie B league four"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Canary Islands travel guide - Wikitravel Canary Islands travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Demographics[ edit ] [PAR] The islands have a population of 2 million. Since the Canary Islands are a major European tourist destination, all the major islands have well-developed communication systems, airports, and ports. [PAR] Ethnically the population is mostly a mix of Spanish, European (German and British), South American, and especially Cuban and Venezuelan as well as Northern and Sub-Sahara African. There are also historical minorities such as Indians, Koreans and lately Russians. [PAR] Pico del Teide (on Tenerife) at 3718 metres above sea level is the highest point in both the Canary Islands and Spanish territory. [PAR] Each island speaks with a slightly different accent and there is a strong rivalry between the main islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Most of the accents in the Canary Islands are closer to Latin American Spanish than to Castililan Spanish spoken in continental Spain. For example, the use of the second person plural pronoun \"vosotros\" is used in most of the mainland but is almost nonexistent in the Canary Islands, and the \"th\" sound made by \"c\" and \"z\" in words like cenar and zapato heard in mainland Spain is pronounced as an \"s\" sound, just as it is in Latin America. [PAR] The Canary Islands are very modern, very European, and extremely liberal. [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] Ancient legend claims the Canary Islands are the \u2018lost islands\u2019 of Atlantis. They have also been referred to as the lands without sorrow, holding on to the edge of the world. The first settlers were from North Africans. Known as Phoenicians, they arrived in the 10th century B.C. The main economic system was built around agriculture and animal farming. During the 14th century, the Islands were continuously invaded by different European countries. [PAR] By plane[ edit ] [PAR] The Canaries is a popular destination with Europeans, and swarms of charter and discount flights descend on the island year round. The two airports (North/TFN & South/TFS) on Tenerife and the Gran Canaria Airport (LPA) are the busiest, but it's also possible to fly to many of the other islands, albeit it's often more expensive. [PAR] There are also regular flights from/to Marrakech, Casablanca, Agadir, Dakar, Laayoune, Banjul, Nuakchot, Cape Verde, Madeira and Azores operated by Binter Canarias [2] . [PAR] By train[ edit ] [PAR] A tram linking Santa Cruz bus station and La Laguna opened in in 2007 costing \u20ac2.35 return in about 40 minutes. [PAR] There are also tentative plans for a train linking Santa Cruz and Los Cristianos. [PAR] By bus[ edit ] [PAR] Buses are the most common method of public transportation around the islands. Mile per mile they are expensive while compared to mainland Spain but you are not going to travel really far away. We are, after all, islands. Most buses in touristic routes are adequate. Do not expect the drivers to know more than a couple of sentences in English or German, though they would try to be helpful. [PAR] By taxi[ edit ] [PAR] Taxis can be expensive, and inside a city they are not worth the money unless you are in a real hurry or cannot balance yourself after a shopping day. [PAR] By ship[ edit ] [PAR] If you want to travel between the islands a good option might be to take a ship if you are in any particular hurry, specially between close by islands. Most ferries are now quite modern and cheap. The most important companies are Fred Olsen, Transmediterr\u00e1nea and Armas. [PAR] SPAIN YACHTING GROUP"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: Second Coming: The Stone Roses: MP3 Downloads Amazon.com: Second Coming: The Stone Roses: MP3 Downloads [PAR] The Stone Roses [PAR] MP3 Music, October 20, 1998 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] Your Amazon Music account is currently associated with a different marketplace. To enjoy Prime Music, go to Your Music Library and transfer your account to Amazon.com (US). [PAR] Fix in Music Library [PAR] Sold by Amazon Digital Services LLC. Additional taxes may apply. By placing your order, you agree to our Terms of Use . [PAR] Customers Also Bought These Albums [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] Original Release Date: December 5, 1994 [PAR] Release Date: October 20, 1998 [PAR] Label: Geffen [PAR] Copyright: \u2117\u00c2\u00a9 1994 Geffen Records Inc. [PAR] Record Company Required Metadata: Music file metadata contains unique purchase identifier. Learn more . [PAR] Total Length: 1:12:37 [PAR] HALL OF FAME TOP 500 REVIEWER VINE VOICE on October 12, 2004 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] How do you follow up one of the most influential modern rock albums, a universally beloved debut? Well... you can't. Sadly, the Stone Roses couldn't either, several years after their legendary self-titled debut. But after several years, \"Second Coming\" has gotten over its initial bad rap, and proved itself a solid -- though not stellar -- piece of Brit-rock. [PAR] A rising chord seeps into a growling bassline... followed by water trickling and some distant bird songs. \"Breaking Into Heaven,\" is probably the most memorable part of the whole album, especially when it rises into some jungle drums, then a funky rock rhythm. The eleven-minute intro alone has more variety than most rock bands can manage in a whole album. [PAR] And after the intro? The fiery rock of \"Driving South,\" funkiness of \"Daybreak,\" or the acoustic-led sweetness of \"Your Star Will Shine\" and \"Tightrope.\" There are dips into pop, hard rock, and the occasional nod to Led Zeppelin's famous riffs. It ends on a robust note with \"Love Spreads,\" not the best Stone Roses song but a likable, grounded one. [PAR] If video killed the radio star, then success killed the Stone Roses. They disbanded shortly after \"Second Coming\" was given a disappointing reception, and after a nasty lawsuit from their record company. But time has been kind to the sophomore album. Sure, okay, it's not as good as the self-titled debut -- but it is a good rock album in its own right, inventive and sometimes a little insane. [PAR] John Squire's guitar contortions are what you really notice about the music -- he can do mellow acoustic strumming in one song, then Zeppelin-style riffs that tear your throat out. Read more \u203a[DOC] [TLE] STONE ROSES - Second Coming - Amazon.com Music STONE ROSES - Second Coming - Amazon.com Music [PAR] Second Coming [PAR] Vinyl, Import, August 21, 2012 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] Includes FREE MP3 version of this album. [PAR] Provided by Amazon Digital Services LLC. Terms and Conditions . Does not apply to gift orders. [PAR] Complete your purchase to save the MP3 version to your music library. [PAR] This item's packaging will indicate what is inside. To cover it, select Ship in Amazon box on the checkout page. [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] $32.88 Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime Only 4 left in stock. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com in easy-to-open packaging . Gift-wrap available. [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] Add all three to Cart [PAR] Add all three to List [PAR] These items are shipped from and sold by different sellers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Barrymore tells Chrissy Iley, he's back, he thinks ... Michael Barrymore tells Chrissy Iley, he's back, he thinks, from the brink | Stage | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] I read Michael Barrymore's book Awight Now all in one go. He describes his life as if watching himself in a car crash, and it's riveting. He's fearful about who he might really be, fearful that people will hate him for being gay and then when they don't, he carries on self-destructing anyway. As compelling a study as any of showbusiness Babylon. [PAR] The Nineties was his kind of decade and he was, without a doubt, the entertainment king of his era. Phenomenally successful. Strike It Lucky certainly did and My Kind of People was the X Factor of its day, with a Saturday night audience of 13m. His talent lay in making hapless members of the general public feel that they were indeed his kind of people, and they loved him for it. He made them feel good about themselves while not necessarily feeling great himself. In 1994 he dramatically checked himself into rehab in America, followed, in 1995, by an equally dramatic 'coming out' onstage at the White Swan pub in London's East End. In his version of 'New York, New York' he sang, 'Start spreading the news, I'm gay today.' Certainly this was news to his wife Cheryl, his manager, his protector who had made him and - following this revelation - promised to break him. [PAR] Then, in the early hours of 31 March 2001, the incident that changed everything. A young man drowned in his swimming pool, the 'death pool' as the tabloids called it. An impromptu party with a bunch of people he didn't really know carried on back at his place in Essex and Stuart Lubbock drowned in his pool. What followed was not just an inquest, it was a trial, a media frenzy. He was guilty until proven innocent and then guilty anyway. [PAR] If a woman had drowned in his swimming pool would he have attracted all that lewd attention? Would it have been so punishing? Barrymore wasn't even allowed to accept his own Personality of the Year Award. (TV bosses said it would distract viewers.) He ended up getting away from it all to New Zealand, returning only for a final attempt at public rehab on Big Brother, where he was in equal parts funny and disturbing, self-pitying and bruised. [PAR] I'm told we will meet in Dubai, which turns out to be Bahrain - to confuse the paps, apparently. Bahrain is very far, very hot and very clean. I check into my hotel room and soon enough it's his voice on the phone. His lazy, sprawling voice. It's as if his mouth wants to softly swallow all his words. A shy voice and an attention-seeking one all at the same time. He has someone collect me and drive me in a golf buggy to his villa, complete with infinity pool and a view of the turquoise ocean and pale, bleached-white sand. But it's a long way to go to escape the paps. 'Yeah, but it works, because if they know where you are they'll get you. I've seen them come up from the sea. I've seen them pretend to be taking pictures of their girlfriend. I remember being in Bora Bora with Shaun (Davis, his new partner, business manager, protector) and I was on a hammock asleep and they papped me just so that they could run the caption that I was \"washed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which animals' name literally means river horse? - YouTube Which animals' name literally means river horse? - YouTube [PAR] Which animals' name literally means river horse? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 29, 2013 [PAR] This improves the knowledge of the children indirectly as they never know that they are learning. - [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Santa's Little Helper - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Santa's Little Helper | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Santa's Little Helper races at the Springfield Downs . [PAR] History [PAR] Homer was relying on a Christmas bonus to buy presents, but didn't get it. He was relying on this bonus because the jar of Christmas money that Marge accumulates for the family's Christmas treats was disposed of to pay for the removal of a tattoo that Bart got on his arm. Homer took the small amount of Christmas money he made working as Santa Claus at the Springfield Mall and bet it at the dog track. He had inside information on what dog was going to win, but instead bet on the \"long shot,\" Santa's Little Helper, believing his name to be a sign. Santa's Little Helper finished last (apparently, it was the latest in a long string of last-place finishes), and his frustrated owner abandoned him. Homer and Bart brought him home, and everyone was so happy with him that it was a merry Christmas after all. [1] [PAR] Snowball II , Maggie and Santa's Little Helper together for a picture [PAR] Sometimes, Santa's Little Helper can be seen chewing on the newspaper and other objects in the Simpson's household (sometimes ignored or tolerated by the family), tearing up the furniture, digging holes in the backyard and eating food from the living room table. It is stated that Homer and Santa's Little Helper's birthdays are on the same day. [2] [PAR] With a few exceptions, Santa's Little Helper doesn't make any sound that resembles a bark. However, he does have an ability to think just like a person. Once, he made a sound similar to \"chewy\", and Homer writes it down in his review, amazed that the dog spoke English. [3] He is also shown to have ridden a circus ball on his hind legs and speak the phrase 'We love... you!' in an attempt to be given some attention from the Simpson family. [4] In addition, he was mascot of Duff Beer , and was known as Suds McDuff (a reference to a similar, real life mascot Spuds MacKenzie). [5] [PAR] Santa's Little Helper licking Bart [PAR] Santa's Little Helper's life with the Simpsons is not always easy. Due to his disobedience and destructive behavior nearly caused the Simpson family to give him away, but he passed an obedience class, thus he could stay. [6] Santa's Little Helper almost passed away from gastric torsion (referred to in the show as a \"twisting of the stomach\") because Homer initially couldn't afford $750 for the required operation. [7] He also broke two legs when Bart's treehouse was demolished by Mr. Burns ' slanted oil well drill (The latter of which caused Bart Simpson to hate Mr. Burns immensely). [8] Santa's Little Helper is sometimes a bad dog. [PAR] At one time, Santa's Little Helper was shortly abandoned by Bart for Laddie , a purebred and very well-trained dog he bought from a mail-order catalog together with various other expensive gifts and gadgets. To do that, Bart used a credit card he applied for under the name of his dog, yet the credit card company misread the form and issued a card to Mr. \"Santos L. Halper\". Laddie learned many tricks that Santa's Little Helper was completely unable to perform (most notably a back flip, CPR and using a toilet). The Simpson family nearly forgot about their old pet, and Bart eventually gave him away instead of Laddie when repo men take back everything he fraudulently purchased."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is Sex For Pleasure Uniquely Human? - The Huffington Post Is Sex For Pleasure Uniquely Human? | The Huffington Post [PAR] Is Sex For Pleasure Uniquely Human? [PAR] 11/13/2011 12:19 pm ET | Updated Jan 13, 2012 [PAR] 480 [PAR] Cara Santa Maria Science correspondent, Huffington Post; editor, Talk Nerdy to Me [PAR] We are apes. We are animals. We are made of the same organic molecules as all life. We metabolize. We procreate. We die. But we are also human beings. We have language and culture. We self-reflect and ponder the future. We have medicine. We use advanced tools, like televisions, smart phones, and computers. [PAR] We also have sex. [PAR] We have a lot of sex. In human culture, sex is so much more than a means of reproduction. Sex is emotional. Sex is communicative. Sex is fun. And when it comes down to it, for most of us, sex just feels good. We have sex for pleasure significantly more often than we have sex for reproductive purposes. Is this one of those things that makes us uniquely human? [PAR] Well, here's where things get complicated. How do we know what feels good to an animal? It's not like they can tell us. Perhaps all animals have sex for pleasure. Perhaps we are all hard-wired to experience pleasurable feelings during the act of sex for the very purpose of procreation. I sincerely doubt that most animals are aware of the fact that sex leads to offspring. They probably do it because it feels good . Science has done a pretty good job of exploring and explaining precisely how sex feels so good to us. But answering the question of why it feels so good is seems to be a matter of conjecture. Granted, if it didn't feel good, we might not do it. And if we didn't do it, there wouldn't be any of us here to have this discussion. [PAR] One indication that animals enjoy sexual activity is the act of masturbation. We've all seen our dogs do it. Male dogs will pretty much hump anything they can wrap their legs around. Masturbation in horses is also quite common. There's even a seminal (no pun intended) paper on squirrel masturbation . In fact, a lot of animals go solo. Birds, walruses, sheep, turtles, elephants, bears, and many more species have been observed engaging in autoeroticism. Porcupines have even been witnessed to fashion vibrators out of sticks. Interestingly, although all of these animals have been documented to play with themselves, it is exceedingly rare that they actually get off. That is, masturbation to the point of orgasm/ejaculation appears to be a fluke outside of the human species (except maybe in squirrels). [PAR] What makes us so different that our masturbatory experiences are \"goal-oriented\" when other animals' are not? And why is our masturbation frequency significantly higher than that of other species? Jesse Bering hypothesizes that it is because humans have the unique ability to form mental representations of erotic material. It may be the case that what sets us apart is our ability to write, produce, edit, and even star in our own mental porn. [PAR] I know that masturbation may not be considered sex, per se. You've probably heard the rumors that dolphins are the only other mammals that have sexual intercourse for pleasure. It appears as though this is almost true, depending again on how one defines sex for pleasure. Dolphins have been observed to have sex during all stages of the female menstrual cycle, not just ovulation. But, as they have been apt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Symbols of India - Animal, Bird, Emblem, Fruit ... National Symbols of India - Animal, Bird, Emblem, Fruit, Flower, Tree, Sport | My India [PAR] Home / India / National Symbols of India and Their Meaning [PAR] National Symbols of India and Their Meaning [PAR] April 23, 2013 [PAR] by Ramandeep Kaur [PAR] National symbols of India depict the country\u2019s image and have been chosen very carefully. The national animal, tiger symbolises power; the national flower, lotus symbolises purity;the national tree, banyan symbolises immortality, the national bird, peacock symbolises elegance and the national fruit, mango symbolises the tropical climate of India. Similarly, our national song and national anthem were a source of inspiration during the freedom struggle. The national emblem of India depicts four lions standing back to back, symbolising power, courage, pride and confidence. Hockey was at its peak when it was adopted as the national game of India. Here is some more information about the national symbols of India: [PAR] List of National Symbols of India [PAR] [PAR] National Bird of India: [PAR] The peacock, commomly known as Indian peafowl was declared the national bird of India in 1963, because it was entirely a part of Indian custom and culture. A peacock is a symbol of grace and beauty. Another reason why the peacock was chosen as the national bird was because of its presence across the country, so much so that even common people are familiar with the bird. Moreover, no other country had the peacocok as its national bird either. The peacock fulfilled all these and hence became the national bird of India. [PAR] National Animal of India: [PAR] The tiger is known as the Lord of the Jungle and displays India\u2019s wildlife wealth. Also strength, agility and power are the basic aspect of the tiger. The Bengal Tiger was declared as the national animal of India in April 1973, with the initiation of Project Tiger, to protect the tigers in India. Prior to this, the lion was the national animal of India. [PAR] National Anthem of India: [PAR] The national anthem of India is the Hindi version of an anthem which was originally composed in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore. It was adopted as the national anthem of India on 24 January 1950. Since the Bengali song \u2018Vande Mataram\u2019 faced opposition from non-Hindu segments of society, the Jana Gana Mana was adopted as the national anthem of India. [PAR] National Flower of India: [PAR] The lotus flower has a very significant position in Indian mythology. It is the flower of goddess Laxmi and symbolises wealth, prosperity, and fertility. Also, it grows very uniquely in dirty water with its long stalk far above the water, bearing the flower on the top. The lotus flower remains untouched from impurity. It symbolises purity, achievement, long life, and good fate. [PAR] The National Fruit of India: Mangoes are native to India and thus truly Indian. Since time immemorial, mangoes have been cultivated in India. In ancient times as well, deliciousness of mangoes have been defined by many renowned poets. The great Mughal emperor Akbar had planted about 1,00,000 mango trees in Lakhi Bagh in Darbhanga. [PAR] The National Song of India: [PAR] India\u2019s national song was composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterjee. It has inspired many freedom fighters during the freedom struggle. Initially \u2018Vande Mataram\u2019 was the national anthem of India, but after independence \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 was adopted as the national anthem. This was done because non-Hindu communities in India had considered Vande Mataram as biased. These communities felt that the nation was represented by \u2018Maa"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bactrian Camels, Bactrian Camel Pictures, Bactrian Camel ... Bactrian Camels, Bactrian Camel Pictures, Bactrian Camel Facts - National Geographic [PAR] Flock or Caravan [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] Bactrian camels give birth usually to just one calf after a gestation period of 12 to 14 months. [PAR] Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man: [PAR] Bactrian camels have two humps rather than the single hump of their Arabian relatives. The humps function the same way\u2014storing fat which can be converted to water and energy when sustenance is not available. These humps give camels their legendary ability to endure long periods of travel without water, even in harsh desert conditions. As their fat is depleted, the humps become floppy and flabby. [PAR] Bactrian camels live not in shifting Sahara sands but in Central and East Asia's rocky deserts. Temperatures in these locales can become searingly hot\u2014over 100\u00b0F (38\u00b0C) in summer. Yet they can also drop to \u201320\u00b0F (-29\u00b0C) in winter. Bactrian camels have developed special adaptations to allow them to survive in such a brutal environment. One is a thick, shaggy coat that protects them in winter and falls away as seasons change and temperatures rise. [PAR] Like Arabian camels, Bactrians rarely sweat, helping them conserve fluids for long periods of time. In winter, plants may yield enough moisture to sustain a camel without water for several weeks. [PAR] When camels do refill, however, they soak up water like a sponge. A very thirsty animal can drink 30 gallons (135 liters) of water in only 13 minutes. [PAR] Like Arabian camels, Bactrians' nostrils close to keep sand at bay, and their bushy eyebrows and two rows of long eyelashes protect their eyes. Big, flat footpads help them navigate the rough rocky terrain and shifting desert sands without sinking under their own massive bulk or the weight of heavy packs. [PAR] The only truly wild camels that still exist are Bactrian camels. These herds survive in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China but number less than 1,000.[DOC] [TLE] How many humps does a camel have? | Reference.com How many humps does a camel have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many humps does a camel have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Dromedary camels have one hump, while Bactrian camels have two humps. Dromedaries live in the deserts of the Middle East and north Africa. Bactrian camels live in northeastern Asia. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The camel's hump is a mound of fat that can weigh as much as 80 pounds. The camel can survive for up to 2 weeks when food is scarce as its body consumes the fat reserves in the hump for nourishment. As the body uses the fat, the hump shrinks and leans to one side. As the camel eats, it replenishes its supply of fat, and the hump grows again. [PAR] A camel normally uses 5 gallons of water a day. While it doesn't store water in the hump, a camel's body has the capacity to conserve water and can compensate for a loss of as much as 25 gallons of water."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Magic - 1962 - 1983 - British Classic Comedy Animal Magic - 1962 - 1983 - British Classic Comedy [PAR] Uncategorized [PAR] They should bring this back with Paul O Grady. Animal Magic had to be one of the most imaginative children\u2019s television programs ever. It combined education and a sense of fun in a way that gripped the viewer\u2019s imagination. A wonderful way to teach children about animals. [PAR] Set in Bristol Zoo and a BBC TV studio. The show\u2019s main presenter was Johnny Morris but over the years there were many co-presenters each with their own area of expertise. These included Terry Nutkins who joined in the early eighties, he would talk about water based animals ie otters, sea lions. Other famous co-presenters included: Gerald Durrell, Tony Soper, Keith Shackleton, Sheila Young and David Taylor. [PAR] The show first went out in 1962, every fortnight. It was an instant hit with children and adults alike and by 1964 the show was broadcast weekly. In 1967 Animal Magic reached it\u2019s 100th edition. [PAR] By 1983 the way the show gave animals human charaterisations (ie the voices used) fell out of favour and the show was subsequently dropped. [PAR] Surprisingly in the early 1990\u2019s the BBC deemed the show to be of no further use and subsequently junked many editions. [PAR] Summary [PAR] The show combined basic educational features in a studio with Johnny Morris the Zoo Keeper interacting with the animals at Bristol Zoo. Here Johnny Morris would apply jovial voiceovers to the various animals. [PAR] In the early 1980\u2019s technology had moved on and the show was updated using new video efects technology. This allowed them to do such things as \u201cshrink\u201d the presenters to allow them to see life from an ant\u2019s viewpoint, or to swim in a riverbed for example. [PAR] Clips[DOC] [TLE] TV ARK | Children's TV | BBC Programmes A-L TV ARK | Children's TV | BBC Programmes A-L [PAR] The Adventures of Spot [PAR] 1987 [PAR] David McKee's King Rollo Films adapted stories from Eric Hill's books for a 26-part cartoon series, produced in 1987 and 1993. The series narrator was Paul Nicholas. [PAR] The Amazing Adventures of Morph [PAR] 1980 [PAR] Morph and his friends Chas, Nailbrush, Gillespie, Folly and Delilah, got their own spin-off series from 'Take Hart'. Tony Hart introduced. 26 5-minute episodes were produced between 1980 and 1981. [PAR] Andy Pandy [PAR] 1952 [PAR] Created by Maria Bird and Freda Lingstorm, and produced by the BBC Film Unit, Andy Pandy was first shown in 1950. Only 26 episodes were made, but they were repeated endlessly until 1969. Andy Pandy was the Watch With Mother programme for Tuesdays. [PAR] Animal Magic [PAR] 1982 [PAR] The voice of the animals, Johnny Morris, presented this wildlife series from 1962 until 1983. The series is best remembered for the films Johnny made, mainly at Bristol Zoo, where he would give the animals in the films comical voices. [PAR] Bagpuss [PAR] 1973 [PAR] Created by Peter Firman and Oliver Postgate, Bagpuss was an old, saggy cloth cat who lived in magical Lost & Found shop. The shop owner was a young girl called Emily, who left things she'd found in there for repair. Alongside Bagpuss was Professor Yaffle, Madeleine the ragdoll, Gabrielle the toad and the Mice on the Mechanical Mouse Organ. [PAR] Bananaman [PAR] 1983 [PAR] With voices by The Goodies (Graeme Garden, Tim Brooke-Taylor and Bill Oddie), this popular cartoon followed the adventures of Eric Twinge, who would transform into the superhero after eating a banana. [PAR] The Basil"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shere Khan - Disney Wiki - Wikia Shere Khan | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cOh, please don't insult my intelligence. It makes me irritable.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Shere Khan to Kaa [PAR] Shere Khan acts as the physical embodiment of power and composure. With a dignified manner of carrying himself, and a strong sense of pride and elegance, the ruthless tiger is viewed as the uncorroborated ruler of the jungles of India; he is well aware of this reputation, as he takes advantage of it sadistically. Most, if not all residents of the jungle, are known to fear Shere Khan, and for reasons apparent: he is physically imposing, often seen with a stoic, menacing expression. The only moments where he's seen emoting otherwise is during his interrogations with potential victims, in which he speaks with a soft tone, coupled with a condescending and knowing smile, as he subtly taunts and emotionally torments his prey until he's ready to make the killing strike. [PAR] Shere Khan holds a burning hatred for mankind and vows to kill any human that steps foot within the jungle. It has been strongly implied that Shere Khan sees humans as unforgiving, soulless creatures who continuously cause havoc on nature, using narcissistic entitlement as justification for such acts. [2] According to Bagheera, Khan hates man \"with a vengeance\", with both man's gun and man's fire having been involved in the creation of such hatred. Khan's fear of fire is the most dominant of the two and acts as a crippling phobia capable of driving the tiger to immediate panic. With such anger and rage, Shere Khan's normally somber and collected demeanor can become murderous, bloodthirsty, and feral in a matter of moments, as seen during his first confrontation with Mowgli in the original film, as he was willing to kill both the man-cub, and any animal who dared to protect him, without hesitation. [PAR] In the sequel, Shere Khan's personality and overall aura take a somewhat darker turn. Unlike the first film, his polite mannerisms and calm monologues are a rarity, as his bitterness and hatred towards Mowgli drive him to deeper madness, resulting in action being taken much quicker and having no comedic quirks whatsoever. He's also far more feral in this film; constantly growling, roaring, and losing his control when pestered even slightly, even going as far as viciously mauling a vulture as punishment for mocking him. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] The Jungle Book [PAR] Shere Khan in the original film. [PAR] In the jungles of India, Bagheera the panther comes across an orphaned, human child lost in the jungle. The panther takes the child and delivers him to a pack of wolves\u2013all of whom graciously accept the boy as their own. Years later, Shere Khan gets word that a man-cub is in the jungle and sets out to kill him. The word of Shere Khan's oncoming arrival spreads quickly, and the wolves assemble to discuss Mowgli's fate. It is ultimately decided that the jungle is no longer safe for the boy and that he must be returned to the Man-Village for his own good. Bagheera volunteers to escort him, and the journey begins. [PAR] Shere Khan makes his first physical appearance while stalking a deer as prey. His hunt was ruined when Colonel Hathi came marching by with his herd and scared it away, much to Shere Khan's annoyance. After Bagheera stopped them, Shere Khan eavesdropped on their conversation and was delighted when he heard about Mowgli, who had managed to escape Bagheera in hopes of staying in the jungle; without"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sch\u00f6nbrunn Zoo - VIENNA \u2013 NOW OR NEVER Sch\u00f6nbrunn Zoo - VIENNA \u2013 Now. Forever [PAR] Sch\u00f6nbrunn Zoo [PAR] add to my travel plan [PAR] Sch\u00f6nbrunn Zoo in Vienna is the world\u2019s oldest zoo still in existence and has already been voted Europe\u2019s best zoo on four occasions. Each year more than two million visitors come to see the panda baby, newborn elephants and many other rare animals. [PAR] In the summer of 1752, Emperor Franz I. Stephan von Lothringen, Maria Theresia's husband, took his royal guests to the newly constructed menagerie in the park at Sch\u00f6nbrunn Palace for the first time. Ever since then, the world's oldest zoo has been operating in Vienna. [PAR] In 1906, Sch\u00f6nbrunn was the site of a sensational event: This zoo in Vienna was the first place worldwide to see the birth of an African elephant conceived in human care. The next world premiere followed in 2007: For the first time ever, a panda baby that was naturally conceived in a zoo by the name of Fu Long was born in Sch\u00f6nbrunn. In August 2010 the second bear cub was born, in August 2013 the third. And in 2016, twins were born. [PAR] Today the Zoo at Sch\u00f6nbrunn is considered one of the best and most modern zoos in the world. The animal compounds have a particularly generous and natural design. More than 500 animal species - from Siberian tigers and hippos to one-horned rhinoceroses - live here. Highlights include the giant Rainforest House, the large South American Area and the ORANG.erie, which is the new home of Vienna's orang-utans. The Nature Experience Trail was opened in spring 2010. May 2014 witnessed the return of polar bears to the zoo: The new enclosure, called \u201cFranz Josef Land\", covers 1,700 m\u00b2 and provides the white giants with enough space to romp around in. The bears can also be watched diving for the first time. New and extensive enclosures and animal houses are added each year. But the zoo's historic charm is always preserved. [PAR] Special tours and workshops provide information about the animal kingdom. And the zoo is directly adjacent to the Desert House , where the flora and fauna of the driest regions on earth can be explored. [PAR] Daily 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. [PAR] February [PAR] Daily 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. [PAR] March [PAR] Daily 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. [PAR] April to September [PAR] Daily 9 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. [PAR] October to the end of October [PAR] Daily 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. [PAR] November to December [PAR] Parking spaces for people with disabilities [PAR] at Elisabethallee, entrance Tirolerhof [PAR] Special offers for people with disabilities [PAR] Tours for visitors with disabilities and special needs on request.[DOC] [TLE] Great Blue Marble Zoos. Famous World Zoos, World Zoo Links ... Great Blue Marble Zoos. Famous World Zoos, World Zoo Links Map, Zoo Trivia, Zoo News, Facts & Information About Zoos. [PAR] Great BLUE MARBLE - Great World Zoos [PAR] Direct Links to Forty of the World's Great Zoos [PAR] Go to Over 40 World Zoos Directly From the Great Blue Marble Map Above. [PAR] ( When available the zoos of the world listed above are linked to the pages with language text in English.) [PAR] How many zoos are in the world? What is the largest zoo in the world? [PAR] What is the oldest zoo in the world? What is the oldest zoo in the USA? [PAR] Great Blue Marble Zoo Facts [PAR] It is estimated there are currently over 1,500 zoos worldwide. [PAR] Based on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Tom Collins Recipe - How to Make a Tom Collins Best Tom Collins Recipe - How to Make a Tom Collins [PAR] Directions [PAR] Combine the ingredients in a Collins glass 3/4 full of cracked ice. [PAR] Stir briefly, top with club soda or seltzer, garnish with lemon circle, and serve with stirring rod. [PAR] As for those cousins: To make a Gin Fizz, shake the gin, sugar, and lemon juice well with cracked ice, pour into a chilled Collins glass\u2014no ice\u2014and fizz to the top. To make a Gin Rickey, squeeze half a (well-washed) lime into a Collins glass full of ice, tip in 1 teaspoon superfine sugar, stir, pour in 2 ounces London dry gin, throw in the squeezed-out lime half, and top with bubbly water of choice. You may, if you wish, also add a dash of grenadine for color. [PAR] The Collins treatment works well with other liquors: common are the Whiskey Collins or John Collins, which is self-explanatory, and the Rum Collins (light rum) or Charlie Collins (Jamaican rum), which are usually made with lime juice instead of lemon and to which a couple dashes of Angostura bitters are often added. See also the Brandy Fizz. [PAR] The Wondrich Take: [PAR] Along with its kissin' cousins, the Gin Rickey and the Gin Fizz, this classic formula hasn't been getting much exercise of late. Maybe the nasty tang of bottled Collins/Sour mix has poisoned virgin taste buds, depriving it of the young addicts a cocktail needs to survive. Or maybe it's just a sign of the swath tonic water has cut through summer drinks since its introduction back in the '30s. [PAR] In any case, the Tom Collins has on its side tradition\u2014it turns up in the 1877 Bon Vivant's Companion, by Jerry Thomas, the George Washington of American mixology\u2014and simple elegance. Few drinks are as refreshing on a summer afternoon. [PAR] And the name? Step one: A certain John Collins, a waiter at Limmer's Old House on London's Hanover Square, gets his name hitched to a drink with lemon, sugar, soda, and Holland gin. Step two: Some bright spark makes same with Old Tom gin and changes the name accordingly. (Strict constructionists with access to an exceptionally good liquor store may have theirs this way, making sure to cut back on the sugar. Let us know how they turn out). [PAR] More recipes like this[DOC] [TLE] Gin Drinks Recipes - Allrecipes.com Gin Drinks Recipes - Allrecipes.com [PAR] Gin Drinks [PAR] Gin Drinks Recipes [PAR] Looking for gin recipes? Allrecipes has more than 80 trusted gin recipes complete with ratings, reviews and mixing tips. [PAR] \"Yum\u2014a foolproof Long Island iced tea!\" \u2013 SEOTTO [PAR] Get Allrecipes Magazine! [PAR] Top-rated recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips to inspire you year-round. Get a full year for just $7.99!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Paella article - The Kitchen Project , The ... The History of Paella [PAR] The History of Paella [PAR] Paella is a Spanish rice dish that includes different combinations of vegetables and meats, characteristically seasoned with saffron, but also has other spices depending on the recipe and area in Spain it comes from. [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The dish Paella is said to to be a perfect union between 2 cultures from Spain , the Romans, for the pan and the Arab, that brought rice. [PAR] There is an old story of how the Moorish kings' servants created rice dishes by mixing the left-overs from royal banquets in large pots to take home. It is said by some that that word paella originates from the Arab word \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbaqiyah\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd meaning left-overs.The term Paella actually refers to the pan that it is cooked in. All the way back to the ancient Sanskrit language the term Pa means \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdto drink, and the Roman culture from the latin made words like Patera, Patina , Patella which could mean a container to drink, or perform other culinary functions. [PAR] It would seem a natural dish, since rice is grown in Spain, and all meats, and seafood in some regions are plentiful, that this dish would be a natural. Since there are many workers in the fields, cooking it over an open fire also would be the most practical. Spain is not known for forests and lots of timber, so the small available twigs and branches from pruning that are green gave a quick hot fire instead of a slow burning one from logs. [PAR] So the size of the pan grew instead of the depth, so you could get a hot fire a maximum evaporation. [PAR] Most experts agree that the dish was developed in the Spanish city of Valencia. [PAR] Valencia is where the Romans introduced irrigation and then the Arab conquerors that brought rice, prefected it. Many folks say the best Paella and most authentic still comes from Valencia. [PAR] Also in Islamic Andalusia Spain symbolic dishes with rice and different meats and vegetables like a casserole were cooked for special occasions. Some of these dishes may be the roots of some of the Paella recipes. [PAR] The Special Pan [PAR] The Paella pan is characterized by being round with a flat bottom. [PAR] The pan can be anywhere from a LP record 12 inches in diameter to several feet. The one thing that doesn't change is the height. It is about first joint in the thumb deep as the Spanish would say, so that the rice has maximum contact with the bottom of the pan. [PAR] courtesy of the culture bite [PAR] It evolved this way, starting with a rounded bottom, designed to hang over a fire. My guess is that as soon as some sort of grill or flat top burner was invented that the pans started to become more flat bottomed. [PAR] I use to think when looking at Paella that it was just the Spanish version of Jambalaya, or the Italian Risotto. While there are similarities they really are quite different. [PAR] Traditionally Jambalaya is cooked in a round pot over a fire, and Paella is cooked in a flat pan over high heat. [PAR] Why the dimples in the pan ? [PAR] Good question. The dimples serve several functions. They trap small amounts of liquid and thus promote even cooking, they make the pan rigid, and they prevent warping. They're also a nostalgic reminder of the days when paella pans were hand hammered. Some people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parallels: Fizzers, Rockets, and Smarties: idsgn (a design ... Parallels: Fizzers, Rockets, and Smarties: idsgn (a design blog) [PAR] Parallels: Fizzers, Rockets, and Smarties [PAR] Comments: + [PAR] October 30 2009 [PAR] It\u2019s almost Halloween and no trick-or-treat bag is complete without a twisty, colorful roll of (depending where you call home) Smarties, Fizzers, or Rockets. [PAR] Admittedly not one of my most favorites, the chalky pastel-colored candy could usually be found near the bottom of my treat bag. Weeks after Halloween they would remain next to the yellow lollipops, little boxes of raisins , and\u2014the worst offender\u2014the rock-hard , black-and-orange wrapped molasses candies (an oddity of growing up in Canada). [PAR] Whatever name you know them by, they are essentially the same rolled-up tablets which originated as Fizzers. The candy was first created in the 1930\u2019s by British confectioners Swizzels Matlow (made famous for their Love Hearts ) and are still sold in the United Kingdom and Australia under that name. [PAR] L-R: Smarties (Photo: J. Smith, Wikipedia), Fizzers (Photo: Retro Tuck Shop), Rockets (Photo: Danielle Scott, Flickr) [PAR] The fizzy candy first arrived in the North America in 1949 when the brother of a Swizzles Matlow partner came to the United States and started the Ce De Candy company. Smarties, as they became known in the U.S., are also manufactured and sold in Canada by the same company. But not as Smarties\u2026 [PAR] Where Smarties are not Smarties [PAR] To the rest of the world Smarties means chocolate (and depending who you ask, a more favorable Halloween treat). Similar to plain M&M \u2019s, Nestl\u00e9 Smarties were first sold in England as \u201cChocolate Beans\u201d in the 1880\u2019s before adopting the \u201cSmarties\u201d name in 1937. The equally colorful candy is popular in the UK, Germany, Australia, South Africa and Canada\u2014where it\u2019s common to eat the red ones last . [PAR] Above: Canadian Smarties packaging (Photo: pollyalida, Flickr); Below: Comparing M&Ms (left) with British Smarties (Photo: fritish, Flickr) [PAR] So, to avoid confusion (and lawsuits) Canadians have the nearly identically packaged Rockets instead\u2014and Americans, unfortunately, miss out on the chocolate variety. [PAR] Timeless fizz [PAR] 60 years after its introduction in North America, Smarties and Rockets are still instantly recognizable. With its timeless packaging and Tuscan-style slab serif type, it has gone mostly unchanged for decades\u2026 except as designer Rob Giampietro points out: [PAR] Today\u2019s Smarties differ in one unfortunate respect: they depict the package on the package itself. Maybe it\u2019s a symptom of our meta-obsessed times, or maybe it\u2019s a fear of pure abstraction, but this minor graphic revision leaves the prospective Smarties consumer feeling a bit of the Dr\u00f6ste Effect \u2026 [PAR] In North America, Ce De Candy currently sells an astonishing 2.5 billion rolls of the candy per year\u2014proving that kids today are still addicted . [PAR] Also see:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Fruits | Most Popular Fruit List - Ranker Best Fruits | Most Popular Fruit List [PAR] The Most Delicious Fruits [PAR] Originally By analise.dubner 55k votes 3.7k voters 122k views 118 items tags f t p @ [PAR] List Criteria: No fruits that are commonly believed to be vegetables, like tomatoes, cucumbers and zucchini [PAR] The most delicious fruits are edible, popular and easily accessible fruits. Fruit contains fiber, stimulates memory, has zero cholesterol and is delicious! How can you go wrong? Browse this list of popular fruit and vote for your favorites or take it a step further and rank your own version. If you see a fruit missing, add it! [PAR] Fruits are not just good, they are also good for you containing a wide variety of vitamins and minerals to keep you healthy and happy. There's a reason why they say \"an apple a day keeps the doctor away\" or why someone might recommend drinking orange juice when sick. Apples contain Vitamin A and C, plus a good deal of fiber, great for reducing cholesterol and keeping that digestive tract healthy. Oranges, like other yummy citrus fruits like lemons, limes and grapefruits, contain a boatload of vitamin C, great for the immune system. [PAR] But going beyond the health benefits of these best fruits, they're all delicious. What's better than a nice hot day with great summer fruits like watermelon, pineapple and strawberries for an afternoon snack? Bananas are great alone or sliced up in a bowl of cereal. Peaches, raspberries, pears, cherries and blueberries are all awesome too with just enough sweetness to make you forget you're eating healthy foods and enjoying it. [PAR] Whichever fruit you think is the most delicious, they are all good choices for snacking, adding to a meal or using in other recipes. Choosing nutritious fruits over sugary processed snacks is always a wise decision and with the sweet deliciousness of these best fruits, the choice is easy. [PAR] Chances are, almost all of us have a favorite fruit. With so much variety, it's not hard to find a top choice on this list. Still, it's hard to deny that certain fruits win any popularity contest hands down. Many of the top choices are also some of the best summer fruits to keep around : watermelon, strawberries, pineapples and peaches. In season, these fruits are almost impossible to resist. Of course, some great fruits can be found year-round in many areas, so fruit lovers are never without a favorite snack. Apples, bananas, pomegranates and oranges are almost always available, for example. [PAR] And in terms of sheer health benefits, a lot of the fruits listed here are about way more than good taste. Some, like blueberries, grapes and apples, also double as some of the healthiest superfoods around , supplying essential nutrients that help our bodies run at optimum level. It also doesn't hurt that some of the best fruits are also among the best healthy snacks for kids . Don't believe it? Cut up a variety of some of these great fruits and see how fast they get consumed by the kiddos! [PAR] 2 See list ranked by [PAR] Z [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed 2rerank list [PAR] 1 [PAR] often listed & ranked high on reranks Why is this #39? [PAR] Navel Orange [PAR] ranked low on reranks Why is this #42? [PAR] Gala Apple [PAR] often listed & ranked high on reranks Why is this #47? [PAR] Wild Black Cherry [PAR] ranked low on reranks Why is this #50? [PAR] Pink Lady Apple"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Food Timeline: history notes--sandwiches The Food Timeline: history notes--sandwiches [PAR] Who invented the sandwich? When? Where? And Why? [PAR] Acknowledging the fact that combinations of bread/pastry filled with meat or cheese and dressed with condiments have been enjoyed since ancient times, Food historians generally attribute the creation of the sandwich, as we know it today, to John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich . This Englishman was said to have been fond of gambling. As the story goes, in 1762, during a 24 hour gambling streak he instructed a cook to prepare his food in such a way that it would not interfere with his game. The cook presented him with sliced meat between two pieces of toast. Perfect! This meal required no utensils and could be eaten with one hand, leaving the other free to continue the game. Sadly, the name of real inventor of the sandwich (be it inventive cook or the creative consumer) was not recorded for posterity. [PAR] Recipes for sandwiches were not immediately forthcoming in cookbooks. Why? In England they were (at first) considered restaurant fare. In America? Many colonial cooks in the last half of the 18th century were not especially fond of imitating British culinary trends. Did colonial American cooks make sandwiches? Probably...most likely, though you will be hard pressed to find solid evidence. When viewed in historical context, it is understandable why Americans didn't begin calling their bread and meat combinations \"sandwiches\" until [long after the Revolution & War of 1812] the late 1830s. The primary difference between early English and American sandwiches? In England beef was the meat of choice; in America it was ham. A simple matter of local protein supply. Or??! A tasty opportunity to promote government split. You decide. [PAR] This is what the food historians have to say: [PAR] \"The bread-enclosed convenience food known as the \"sandwich\" is attributed to John Montagu, fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792), a British statesman and notorious profligate and gambler, who is said to be the inventor of this type of food so that he would not have to leave his gaming table to take supper. In fact, Montague was not the inventor of the sandwich; rather, during his excursions in the Eastern Mediterranean, he saw grilled pita breads and small canapes and sandwiches served by the Greeks and Turks during their mezes, and copied the concept for its obvious convenience. There is no doubt, however, that the Earl of Sandwich made this type of light repast popular among England's gentry, and in this way, his title has been associated with the sandwich ever since. The concept is supremely simple: delicate finger food is served between two slices of bread in a culinary practice of ancient origins among the Greeks and other Mediterranean peoples. Literary references to sandwiches begin to appear in English during the 1760s, but also under the assumption that they are a food consumed primarily by the masculine sex during late night drinking parties. The connotation does not change until the sandwich moves into general society as a supper food for late night balls and similar events toward the end of the eighteenth century...Charlotte Mason was one of the first English cookbook authors to provide a recipe for sandwiches...During the nineteenth century, as midday dinner moved later and later into the day, the need for hot supper declined, only to be replaced with light dishes made of cold leftovers, ingredients for which the sandwich proved preeminently suitable. Thus the sandwich became a fixture of intimate evening suppers, teas, and picnics, and popular fare for taverns and inns."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | chemical compound | Britannica.com polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | chemical compound | Britannica.com [PAR] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [PAR] matter [PAR] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a synthetic resin made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride . Second only to polyethylene among the plastics in production and consumption , PVC is used in an enormous range of domestic and industrial products, from raincoats and shower curtains to window frames and indoor plumbing . A lightweight, rigid plastic in its pure form, it is also manufactured in a flexible \u201cplasticized\u201d form. [PAR] Vinyl chloride is an organohalogen compound that has important industrial applications. When \u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Vinyl chloride (CH2=CHCl), also known as chloroethylene, is most often obtained by reacting ethylene with oxygen and hydrogen chloride over a copper catalyst . It is a toxic and carcinogenic gas that is handled under special protective procedures. PVC is made by subjecting vinyl chloride to highly reactive compounds known as free-radical initiators. Under the action of the initiators, the double bond in the vinyl chloride monomers (single-unit molecules) is opened, and one of the resultant single bonds is used to link together thousands of vinyl chloride monomers to form the repeating units of polymers (large, multiple-unit molecules). The chemical structure of the vinyl chloride repeating units is: [PAR] PVC was first prepared by the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann in 1872, but it was not patented until 1912, when another German chemist, Friedrich Heinrich August Klatte, used sunlight to initiate the polymerization of vinyl chloride. Commercial application of the plastic was at first limited by its extreme rigidity; however, in 1926, while trying to dehydrohalogenate PVC in a high-boiling solvent in order to obtain an unsaturated polymer that might bond rubber to metal , Waldo Lunsbury Semon , working for the B.F. Goodrich Company in the United States , produced what is now called plasticized PVC. The discovery of this flexible, inert product was responsible for the commercial success of the polymer. Under the trademark Koroseal, Goodrich made the plastic into shock-absorber seals, electric-wire insulation, and coated cloth products. One of the best-known applications of the plastic was initiated in 1930, when the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation (later the Union Carbide Corporation ) introduced Vinylite, a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate that became the standard material of long-playing phonograph records. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) [PAR] Pure PVC finds application in the construction trades, where its rigidity, strength, and flame resistance are useful in pipes, conduits , siding , window frames, and door frames. It is also blow-molded into clear, transparent bottles. Because of its rigidity, it must be extruded or molded above 100 \u00b0C (212 \u00b0F)\u2014a temperature high enough to initiate chemical decomposition (in particular, the emission of hydrogen chloride [HCl]). Decomposition can be reduced by the addition of stabilizers, which are mainly compounds of metals such as cadmium , zinc , tin , or lead . [PAR] major industrial polymers: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [PAR] In order to arrive at a product that remains flexible, especially at low temperatures, most PVC is heated and mixed with plasticizers , which are sometimes added in concentrations as high as 50 percent. The most commonly used plasticizer is the compound di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), also known as dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Plasticized PVC is familiar to consumers as floor tile, garden hose, imitation leather upholstery, and shower curtains. [PAR] Learn how tinsel evolved from a source of lead poisoning to its present polyvinyl chloride (PVC) \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 American Chemical Society (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Three Elements Are in All Carbohydrates Including ... What Three Elements Are in All Carbohydrates Including Sugar? | Healthy Eating | SF Gate [PAR] What Three Elements Are in All Carbohydrates Including Sugar? [PAR] What Three Elements Are in All Carbohydrates Including Sugar? [PAR] All carbohydrates contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. [PAR] Carbohydrates often receive negative attention as the dieter's enemy. Yet the American Dietetic Association argues that they should be your main source of energy, accounting for 45 to 65 percent of your total daily calories. That's because carbs are your body's quickest fuel source, ultimately yielding the simple sugar glucose. Glucose fuels metabolic reactions throughout your body and is the only form of energy that your brain can use. [PAR] Carbohydrate Definition [PAR] The name \"carbohydrate\" reveals the chemical make up of this nutrient class. Indeed, \"carbo\" means carbon, while \"hydrate\" means water, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen molecules. All carbohydrates, including sugar, therefore contain the same three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Different arrangements of these elements form single units to make different types of carbohydrates. Glucose, for instance, is a single-unit carb with six carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms. [PAR] Simple vs. Complex [PAR] The term sugar usually refers to one- or two-unit carbs. These are simple carbs. In scientific language, they're known as monosaccharides or disaccharides. \"Mono\" means one, while \"di-\" means two and \"saccharide\" means sugar. Fruit sugar and table sugar are common examples of mono- and disaccharides, respectively. Carbs with three or more sugar units fall in the category of complex carbs, or polysaccharides. Starches are a typical example. [PAR] Oxygen [PAR] Oxygen is by far the most common element in your body, accounting for about 61 percent of human mass. Respiration depends on it, but it also helps form numerous compounds throughout your body. Oxygen's role as a component of water is especially critical to life, since water sustains living organisms. Each water molecule contains one hydrogen and two oxygen. [PAR] Carbon [PAR] Carbon alone makes up nearly 23 percent of the human body, ranking as the second most common element. Derived from the Latin word for charcoal, carbon is so critical to life that scientists have devoted a whole branch of chemistry to it, namely organic chemistry. As a building block, carbon attaches to other elements to form a myriad of compounds. Carbohydrates are only some of the 10 million or so compounds that carbon can help build, according to the Minerals Education Coalition. [PAR] Hydrogen [PAR] Hydrogen's Greek origin means \"water forming.\" To be faithful to the saying that \"water is life,\" hydrogen alone makes up almost 75 percent of all matter in the universe, according to the MEC. However, in the human body, it only accounts for 10 percent of all elements, ranking third behind oxygen and carbon. Pure hydrogen is highly flammable, so your body uses it as a component of water. It's in that form that it helps build most organic molecules and some minerals. [PAR] American dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide (3rd edition); Roberta Duyff Larson, M.S., R.D. [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Suzanne Fantar has been writing online since 2009 as an outlet for her passion for fitness, nutrition and health. She enjoys researching and writing about health, but also takes interest in family issues, poetry, music, Christ, nature and learning. She holds a bachelor's degree in biological sciences from Goucher College and a MBA in healthcare management from the University of Baltimore. [PAR] Photo Credits[DOC] [TLE] What elements make up carbohydrates? | Reference.com What"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Einstein Collectibles - JustCollecting.com Albert Einstein Collectibles [PAR] Albert Einstein collectibles [PAR] 0 [PAR] 0 [PAR] Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born Swiss-United States scientist, regarded as being the most famous scientist of the 20th century. [PAR] The most famous aspect of Einstein\u2019s legacy is his \"special theory of relativity,\" a groundbreaking notion which laid the foundation for much of modern physics theory (including his famous equation e=mc\u00b2). [PAR] According to market analysis, Einstein's autograph has risen in value by 252.9% (from an average price of \u00a31,750 to \u00a36,000) over the last 10 years. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Albert Einstein was born to a Jewish family in Germany, and grew up in Munich. In 1894, he moved to Aarau, Switzerland, and later attended a technical school in Z\u00fcrich. He graduated in 1900. Around this time, Einstein renounced his German citizenship, later becoming a Swiss citizen in 1901. [PAR] It was in 1905, while working as a clerk in a Swiss patent office, that Einstein published a paper proposing his \"special theory of relativity.\u201dThe paper won him worldwide fame, one of four articles he that year: on Brownian motion; the photoelectric effect; and two on his special theory of relativity (one including his famous e=mc\u00b2 equation). [PAR] Einstein\u2019s renown led to him holding various professorships before becoming director of Berlin's Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in 1913. His general theory of relativity was published in 1915, and he later received a Nobel Prize in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. (His work on relativity was still controversial at this time). [PAR] His theories of relativity and gravitation were a profound advancement on Newtonian physics. When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1934, Einstein resigned from his position at the Prussian Academy and moved to Princeton, New Jersey, United States. There he joined the Institute for Advanced Study. [PAR] In 1939, Einstein was instrumental in persuading President Franklin Roosevelt to begin the production of an atomic bomb, dubbed the Manhattan Project. His own theories furthered the development of the bomb \u2013 though Einstein didn\u2019t work on it himself \u2013 and was key in producing the bomb which destroyed Hiroshima in 1945. [PAR] He became a U.S. citizen in 1940 while retaining his Swiss citizenship, and later declined an offer to become the first prime minister of Israel. He died in April 18, 1955, in Princeton, United States. [PAR] Notable collectibles [PAR] Photograph (with inscription) [PAR] A famous photograph of Einstein and his tongue sticking out was sold by RR Auctions for $74,000 in 2009. Said the auction house\u2019s Head of PR, Bobby Livingstone: \"When we had the German inscription translated, it explained his intentions for the photo which was basically freedom of expression.\" [PAR] Signed manuscripts [PAR] Manuscripts containing a revealing account by Einstein\u2019s efforts to generalise his post-Newtonian General Theory of Relativity \u2013 considered to be among the most important Einstein documents to have appeared on the market \u2013 appeared at Christie\u2019s on 22nd June, 2010. It sold for $578,500. [PAR] Related to Einstein\u2019s involvement in the nuclear bomb, in 2010 Heritage Auction Galleries' sold a signed and typed letter from 1952, written by Einstein to scientist and author Kenneth Heuer. It included the following: [PAR] \"About the technical development in the field of atomic energy: I was not interested in that matter for years but rather disgusted by the course it has taken in the hands of short-sighted politicians\u2026 To me it is enough to know that the continuation of the existence of human beings is in serious doubt if no supra-national solution can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newton's Law of Gravity - Basic Principles Newton's Law of Gravity - Basic Principles [PAR] Newton's Law of Gravity [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] What I Learned About Today [PAR] You might also enjoy: [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Newton did think about gravity watching apples fall from trees, but he didn't have a \"eureka\" moment by having on fall on his head. That's just not true!. pinstock, Getty Images [PAR] Updated August 10, 2016. [PAR] Newton's law of gravity defines the attractive force between all objects that possess mass . Understanding the law of gravity, one of the fundamental forces of physics , offers profound insights into the way our universe functions. [PAR] The Proverbial Apple [PAR] The famous story that Isaac Newton came up with the idea for the law of gravity by having an apple fall on his head is not true, although he did begin thinking about the issue on his mother's farm when he saw an apple fall from a tree. [PAR] He wondered if the same force at work on the apple was also at work on the moon. If so, why did the apple fall to the Earth and not the moon? [PAR] Along with his Three Laws of Motion , Newton also outlined his law of gravity in the 1687 book Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) , which is generally referred to as the Principia. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What Are the Major Laws of Physics? [PAR] Johannes Kepler (German physicist, 1571-1630) had developed three laws governing the motion of the five then-known planets. He did not have a theoretical model for the principles governing this movement, but rather achieved them through trial and error over the course of his studies. Newton's work, nearly a century later, was to take the laws of motion he had developed and apply them to planetary motion to develop a rigorous mathematical framework for this planetary motion. [PAR] Gravitational Forces [PAR] Newton eventually came to the conclusion that, in fact, the apple and the moon were influenced by the same force. He named that force gravitation (or gravity) after the Latin word gravitas which literally translates into \"heaviness\" or \"weight.\" [PAR] In the Principia, Newton defined the force of gravity in the following way (translated from the Latin): [PAR] Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. [PAR] Mathematically, this translates into the force equation: [PAR] FG = Gm1m2/r2 [PAR] In this equation, the quantities are defined as: [PAR] Fg = The force of gravity (typically in newtons) [PAR] G = The gravitational constant, which adds the proper level of proportionality to the equation. The value of G is 6.67259 x 10-11 N * m2 / kg2, although the value will change if other units are being used. [PAR] m1 & m1 = The masses of the two particles (typically in kilograms) [PAR] r = The straight-line distance between the two particles (typically in meters) [PAR] Interpreting the Equation [PAR] This equation gives us the magnitude of the force, which is an attractive force and therefore always directed toward the other particle. As per Newton's Third Law of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What year was the microscope invented? | Reference.com What year was the microscope invented? | Reference.com [PAR] What year was the microscope invented? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Although there is no single inventor of the microscope, in 1595, Zacharias Janssen and his father, Hans, invented the first compound microscope. Both glasses makers, their invention proved that a series of lenses inside a tube creates an enlarged image. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Janssens' microscope was hand-held and consisted of bi-convex and plano-convex lenses that could magnify images up to 10 times their actual size. In the 1600s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek developed a simple microscope with a more powerful focus and magnification to view microorganisms and cells. Robert Hooke's compound microscope used illumination to observe plant and animal cells, minerals and fossils. In the 1800s, Carl Zeiss, Otto Schott and Ernst Abbe further studied magnification and improved the color accuracy and glass. Ernst Ruska invented the first electron lens in 1931.[DOC] [TLE] Who Invented the Microscope? - Live Science Who Invented the Microscope? [PAR] Who Invented the Microscope? [PAR] By Lauren Cox, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] September 13, 2013 08:20pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Zacharias Janssen, credited with inventing the microscope. [PAR] Credit: Public domain. [PAR] For millennia, the smallest thing humans could see was about as wide as a human hair. When the microscope was invented around 1590, suddenly we saw a new world of living things in our water, in our food and under our nose. [PAR] But it's unclear who invented the microscope. Some historians say it was Hans Lippershey , most famous for filing the first patent for a telescope. Other evidence points to Hans and Zacharias Janssen, a father-son team of spectacle makers living in the same town as Lippershey. [PAR] Janssen or Lippershey? [PAR] Hans Lippershey, also spelled Lipperhey, was born in Wesel, Germany in 1570, but moved to Holland, which was then enjoying a period of innovation in art and science called the Dutch Golden Age. Lippershey settled in Middelburg, where he made spectacles, binoculars and some of the earliest microscopes and telescopes. [PAR] Also living in Middelburg were Hans and Zacharias Janssen. Historians attribute the invention of the microscope to the Janssens, thanks to letters by the Dutch diplomat William Boreel. [PAR] In the 1650s, Boreel wrote a letter to the physician of the French king in which he described the microscope. In his letter, Boreel said Zacharias Janssen started writing to him about a microscope in the early 1590s, although Boreel only saw a microscope himself years later. Some historians argue Hans Janssen helped build the microscope, as Zacharias was a teenager in the 1590s. [PAR] Reproduction of first compound microscope made by Hans and Zacharias Janssen, circa 1590. From the National Museum of Health and Medicine, Washington, D.C. [PAR] Credit: Public domain. [PAR] Early microscopes [PAR] The early Janssen microscopes were compound microscopes, which use at least two lenses. The objective lens is positioned close to the object and produces an image that is picked up and magnified further by the second lens, called the eyepiece. [PAR] A Middelburg museum has one of the earliest Janssen microscopes, dated to 1595. It had three sliding tubes for different lenses, no tripod and was capable of magnifying three to nine times the true size. News about the microscopes spread quickly across Europe. [PAR] Galileo Galilei soon improved upon the compound microscope design in 1609. Galileo called his device an occhiolino, or \"little eye.\" [PAR] English scientist Robert Hooke improved the microscope, too, and explored the structure of snowflakes,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Number 5 in \"V For Vendetta\" | Hoopla! The Number 5 in \"V For Vendetta\" | Hoopla! [PAR] The Number 5 in \"V For Vendetta\" [PAR] Wrath, Groucho:30, 6006 YD [PAR] There are numerous references throughout V for Vendetta to the number 5 and letter V, which is itself \u201c5\u201d in Roman numerals: [PAR] -The character V is seen reading and quoting from Thomas Pynchon \u2018s novel, V., and listening to Beethoven\u2019s fifth symphony. [PAR] -The piece\u2019s famous leitmotif, occuring most prominently throughout the first movement \u2013 with three short notes and one long \u2013 can represent the morse code identifier for the letter V. This code was used as a call sign by the BBC during World War II. [PAR] -When V confronts Creedy in Creedy\u2019s greenhouse, he begins playing the fifth symphony as well. [PAR] -Beethoven himself used to refer to those opening notes as \u2018Fate knocking on the door\u2019. \u2018Fate\u2019 is the name of the supercomputer belonging to the Leader, Adam Susan in the novel. [PAR] -V introduces himself to Evey with a five-syllable phrase: \u201cYou may call me V.\u201d A large part of V\u2019s speech is in iambic pentameter, which is comprised of five iambs. [PAR] -The phrase \u201cRemember, remember, the fifth of November\u201d is referenced. This is the first line of a nursery rhyme detailing the exploits of Guy Fawkes. The full rhyme is, \u2018Remember, remember the fifth of November, the gunpowder, treason and plot. I know of no reason, why the gunpowder treason, should ever be forgot.\u2019 [PAR] -Evey\u2019s name\u2014\u201dEvey\u201d \u2014is actually composed of \u201cE\u201d (the fifth letter of the alphabet), \u201cV\u201d (5 in Roman numerals, and the fifth letter from the end of the alphabet), and \u201cY\u201d (25th letter of the alphabet, or 5 squared). [PAR] -V is eventually identified as the prisoner from Room 5 at Larkhill Internment Camp. The five doors are labeled with Roman numerals, so Room 5 is emblazoned with a \u201cV\u201d. [PAR] -In numerous apartment scenes, V is filmed stationary with his arms slightly apart from his body, forming an inverted V [PAR] \u201c5\u201d converted to binary numerals is \u201c101\u201d, so \u201cRoom 5\u201d is \u201cRoom 101\u201d. This is an allusion to the infamous torture chamber in George Orwell\u2019s Nineteen Eighty-Four. [PAR] -V\u2019s hideout is accessed from the closed Victoria tube station, the damaged sign of which resembles a sideways V when Finch locates it. [PAR] -V\u2019s personal motto consists of the Latin phrase Vi Veri Vniversum Vivus Vici (By the power of truth, I, while living, have conquered the universe), which in turn consists of five words that begin with the letter V (\u201cU\u201d is written as \u201cV\u201d in Latin). In the comic, and consequently in the movie, it was wrongly spelled \u201cVi Veri Veniversum Vivus Vici\u201d [PAR] -\u201cV for Vendetta\u201d has 5 syllables. [PAR] -November is the only month in the Gregorian calendar with the letter V in it. [PAR] -The woman who dies in the cell next to that of V at Larkhill is named Valerie Page. The name \u201cValerie\u201d begins with the letter V. [PAR] -As Evey appears to give her speech to the public after she has assumed the identity of V, the visual angle of the frame causes a V to be formed between the edges of the building she is standing on and the building behind her. [PAR] -In the comic, when he\u2019s about to send off the train filled with explosives, V asks Evey to give him a viking funeral. Viking starts with the letter V. Vikings believed they would be sent to Valhalla, by Valkyries. Furthermore, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u201cWe Didn\u2019t Start The Fire\u201d was an accidental hit that ... \u201cWe Didn\u2019t Start The Fire\u201d was an accidental hit that captured craziness \u00b7 We're No. 1 \u00b7 The A.V. Club [PAR] Share Tweet [PAR] In We\u2019re No. 1 , The A.V. Club examines a song or an album that went to No. 1 on the Billboard charts to get to the heart of what it means to be popular in pop music, and how that concept has changed over the years. In this installment, we cover Billy Joel\u2019s \u201cWe Didn\u2019t Start The Fire,\u201d which went to No. 1 on December 9, 1989, where it stayed for two weeks. [PAR] As the end of the \u201980s approached, Billy Joel was at a crossroads. Career-wise, he was branching out successfully, between his 1987 concerts in the U.S.S.R. and his leading-dog appearance as Dodger in Disney\u2019s 1988 cartoon Oliver & Company. His marriage to Christie Brinkley was also on seemingly solid ground. However, Joel\u2019s financial life was another story. The piano man was enmeshed in a massive multimillion-dollar lawsuit with his ex-manager (and, to complicate things, ex-brother-in-law) Frank Weber\u2014a lawsuit that, when filed in 1989, sought \u201cmore than $90 million in damages for fraud and breach of fiduciary duty,\u201d reported Rolling Stone . Plus, he had a painful kidney stones episode the day before the suit was filed, just one in a long line of high-profile brushes with the affliction. [PAR] In light of all this, it\u2019s no surprise that Joel\u2019s notoriously restless nature flared up as he geared up to write and release what would become his 11th studio LP, 1989\u2019s Storm Front. \u201cBilly\u2019s the kind of guy that likes to change things,\u201d says Liberty DeVitto, who drummed for Joel from the mid-\u201970s to the mid-\u201900s. \u201cHe doesn\u2019t like to do the same thing. It doesn\u2019t matter what it is\u2014musicians, studios, wives, whatever. He doesn\u2019t stick around with things too long. I think I was there the longest of anything he\u2019s ever done.\u201d In the case of Storm Front, Joel decided not to work with producer Phil Ramone\u2014who had worked with him on every album from 1977\u2019s The Stranger to 1986\u2019s The Bridge\u2014and instead chose Foreigner\u2019s Mick Jones as producer. (Eddie Van Halen was also in the running, but the timing didn\u2019t align.) \u201cBilly was a formidable songwriter to start with, so going in and critiquing him, I had to summon up a bit of strength there to face doing that,\u201d Jones recalled in 2013 . \u201cBut it worked very well.\u201d [PAR] Joel also shook up his touring band, replacing guitarist Russell Javors and bassist Doug Stegmeyer. \u201cI remember we were in Australia,\u201d DeVitto says, \u201cand Billy got me in his dressing room at the Sydney Entertainment Centre, and said, \u2018What do you think if I made an album with a whole new band and just you?\u2019\u201d The drummer was torn; Javors and Stegmeyer were long-time pals\u2014in fact, he had known the former since he was 14 years old. \u201cThat statement threw me back, like, \u2018Oh my God. These are my friends,\u201d DeVitto recalls. \u201cBut you have kids to support\u2014and his name\u2019s on the cover\u2014so what can I say, but, \u2018Uh, yeah, okay.\u2019 I thought hopefully he would tell them, but they found out on MTV, when MTV announced it.\u201d [PAR] Despite this turbulence, Storm Front emerged rather seamlessly, hitting the top of the Billboard charts two months after its release\u2014the same week the album\u2019s lead single, \u201cWe Didn\u2019t Start The Fire,\u201d was also at No. 1. \u201cWe Didn\u2019t Start The Fire\u201d was uncharacteristically aggressive for Joel, de-emphasizing piano"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gunpowder Plot - Sensagent.com Gunpowder Plot : definition of Gunpowder Plot and synonyms of Gunpowder Plot (English) [PAR] Result [PAR] Failure, plotters executed [PAR] The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby . [PAR] The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of England's Parliament on 5 November 1605, as the prelude to a popular revolt in the Midlands during which James's nine-year-old daughter, Princess Elizabeth , was to be installed as the Catholic head of state . Catesby may have embarked on the scheme after hopes of securing greater religious tolerance under King James had faded, leaving many English Catholics disappointed. His fellow plotters were John Wright , Thomas Wintour , Thomas Percy , Guy Fawkes , Robert Keyes , Thomas Bates , Robert Wintour , Christopher Wright , John Grant , Sir Ambrose Rookwood , Sir Everard Digby and Francis Tresham . Fawkes, who had 10 years of military experience fighting in the Spanish Netherlands in suppression of the Dutch Revolt , was given charge of the explosives. [PAR] The plot was revealed to the authorities in an anonymous letter sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle , on 26 October 1605. During a search of the House of Lords at about midnight on 4 November 1605, Fawkes was discovered guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder \u2014enough to reduce the House of Lords to rubble\u2014and arrested. Most of the conspirators fled from London as they learnt of the plot's discovery, trying to enlist support along the way. Several made a stand against the pursuing Sheriff of Worcester and his men at Holbeche House ; in the ensuing battle Catesby was one of those shot and killed. At their trial on 27 January 1606, eight of the survivors, including Fawkes, were convicted and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered . [PAR] Details of the assassination attempt were allegedly known by the principal Jesuit of England, Father Henry Garnet . Although Garnet was convicted and sentenced to death, doubt has been cast on how much he really knew of the plot. As its existence was revealed to him through confession , Garnet was prevented from informing the authorities by the absolute confidentiality of the confessional. Although anti-Catholic legislation was introduced soon after the plot's discovery, many important and loyal Catholics retained high office during King James I's reign. The thwarting of the Gunpowder Plot was commemorated for many years afterwards by special sermons and other public events such as the ringing of church bells, which have evolved into the Bonfire Night of today. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Elizabeth I , who persecuted English Catholics . [PAR] Between 1533 and 1540, the Tudor King Henry VIII took control of the English Church from Rome, the start of several decades of religious tension in England. English Catholics struggled in a society dominated by the newly separate and increasingly Protestant Church of England . Henry's daughter, Elizabeth I , responded to the growing religious divide by introducing the Elizabethan Religious Settlement , which required anyone appointed to a public or church office to swear allegiance to the monarch as head of the Church and state. The penalties for refusal were severe; fines were imposed for recusancy , and repeat offenders risked imprisonment and execution. Catholicism became marginalised, but despite the threat of torture or execution priests continued to practise their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grace Under Fire (TV Series 1993\u20131998) - IMDb Grace Under Fire (TV Series 1993\u20131998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Grace is a recovering alcoholic, now divorced from an abusive husband, struggling to bring up three children on her own. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 19 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 30 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Title: Grace Under Fire (1993\u20131998) [PAR] 6.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Golden Globes. Another 7 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A struggling, middle-aged actress attempts to make a career in Hollywood, all while surrounded by her hard-drinking best friend Maryann, her two ex-husbands, Ira and Jeff, and her two daughters, headstrong Zoey and agreeable Rachel. [PAR] Stars: Cybill Shepherd, Christine Baranski, Alicia Witt [PAR] Ellen Morgan is a neurotic bookstore owner who deals with life through comedy and extensive rambling. [PAR] Stars: Ellen DeGeneres, David Anthony Higgins, Joely Fisher [PAR] Jack owns a magazine and is the former brother-in-law of Susan. After she runs out on her fianc\u00e9 on their wedding day, Jack agrees to take her back at the magazine. [PAR] Stars: Brooke Shields, Judd Nelson, Kathy Griffin [PAR] Caroline Duffy is a successful cartoonist living in Manhattan whose comic strip \"Caroline in the City\" has become a huge hit. The strip is based on her own life, and the people in it - her ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Lea Thompson, Malcolm Gets, Amy Pietz [PAR] Drew is an assistant director of personnel in a Cleveland department store and he has been stuck there for ten years. Other than fighting with co-worker Mimi, his hobbies include drinking ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Drew Carey, Diedrich Bader, Ryan Stiles [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.3/10 X [PAR] A free spirited yoga instructor finds true love in a conservative lawyer and they got married on the first date. Though they are polar opposites; her need of stability is fulfilled with him, his need of optimism is fulfilled with her. [PAR] Stars: Jenna Elfman, Thomas Gibson, Joel Murray [PAR] Veronica is the best romance expert around. Unfortunately, her expertise only works on others. After dumping her womanizing husband, she must build back her life and image through her ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Kirstie Alley, Kathy Najimy, Dan Cortese [PAR] Hot-tempered journalist Maya Gallo got herself fired from yet another job when she made an anchorwoman cry on the air with some gag copy on the teleprompter. Unable to find a job anywhere ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Laura San Giacomo, Enrico Colantoni, George Segal [PAR] The misadventures of a tough female television journalist and her friends. [PAR] Stars: Candice Bergen, Grant Shaud, Robert Pastorelli [PAR] Yes, Dear is a comedy about two young couples and their outrageously contrasting views on parenting. First-time parents, Greg and Kim Warner struggle on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 - History Learning Site The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 - History Learning Site [PAR] Home \u00bb Stuart England \u00bb The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 [PAR] The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 [PAR] Citation: C N Trueman \"The Gunpowder Plot of 1605\" [PAR] historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. [PAR] In November 1605, the infamous Gunpowder Plot took place in which some Catholics, most famously Guy Fawkes, plotted to blow up James I, the first of the Stuart kings of England. The story is remembered each November 5th when \u2018Guys\u2019 are burned in a celebration known as \u201cBonfire Night\u201d. [PAR] The story appears to be very simple. [PAR] Catholics in England had expected James to be more tolerant of them. In fact, he had proved to be the opposite and had ordered all Catholic priests to leave England. This so angered some Catholics that they decided to kill James and put his daughter Elizabeth on the throne ensuring that she was a Catholic. This led to a plot to kill not only the king of England, James, but also everyone sitting in the Houses of Parliament at the same time as James was there when he opened Parliament on November 5th, 1605. [PAR] Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators, having rented out a house right by the Houses of Parliament, managed to get 36 barrels of gunpowder into a cellar of the House of Lords. [PAR] The other conspirators were: [PAR] John Grant and the man who is said to have organised the whole plot [PAR] Robert Catesby. [PAR] The most famous picture of some the conspirators [PAR] The explosive expert, Guy Fawkes, had been left in the cellars to set off the fuse. He was only caught when a group of guards decided to check the cellars at the last moment. [PAR] Fawkes was arrested and sent to the Tower of London where he was tortured and eventually gave away the names of the fellow conspirators. [PAR] Sir William Wade, Lieutenant of the Tower, had orders to use whatever means of torture was required to get information from Fawkes. The order came from James. [PAR] Of those involved, some were shot as they were chased by the law such as Percy and Catesby. Others were captured, sent to the Tower and, after a brief trial, eventually hung, drawn and quartered, with Fawkes, in January 1606. [PAR] [PAR] The signature of Guy Fawkes on his confession [PAR] In celebration of his survival, James ordered that the people of England should have a great bonfire in the night on November 5th. This fire was traditionally topped off with an effigy of the pope rather than Guy Fawkes. His place at the top of the fire came in later as did fireworks. The East Sussex county town of Lewes still has the pope alongside Guy Fawkes when it comes to the effigies being burned. [PAR] But is there more to this plot than just a small number of angry Catholics wanting to make a statement against the king, James? Some believe that the whole plot was a government conspiracy to convince James that Catholics could not be trusted. At the very least, some curious things happened when the story is looked at in detail. [PAR] What is odd? [PAR] We do know that James\u2019 chief minister, Robert Cecil, the Earl of Salisbury, hated Catholics and saw them as a constant source of trouble. Cecil also feared that there was a chance that James would be lenient with them during his reign and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guy Fawkes Day: A Brief History - History in the Headlines Guy Fawkes Day: A Brief History - History in the Headlines [PAR] Guy Fawkes Day: A Brief History [PAR] November 5, 2012 By Jesse Greenspan [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Guy Fawkes Day: A Brief History [PAR] Author [PAR] Guy Fawkes Day: A Brief History [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] Catholic dissident Guy Fawkes and 12 co-conspirators spent months planning to blow up King James I of England during the opening of Parliament on November 5, 1605. But their assassination attempt was foiled the night before when Fawkes was discovered lurking in a cellar below the House of Lords next to 36 barrels of gunpowder. Londoners immediately began lighting bonfires in celebration that the plot had failed, and a few months later Parliament declared November 5 a public day of thanksgiving. Guy Fawkes Day, also known as Bonfire Night, has been around in one form or another ever since. Though originally anti-Catholic in tone, in recent times it has served mainly as an excuse to watch fireworks, make bonfires, drink mulled wine and burn Guy Fawkes effigies (along with the effigies of current politicians and celebrities). [PAR] Catholicism in England was heavily repressed under Queen Elizabeth I, particularly after the pope excommunicated her in 1570. During her reign, dozens of priests were put to death, and Catholics could not even legally celebrate Mass or be married according to their own rites. As a result, many Catholics had high hopes when King James I took the throne upon Elizabeth\u2019s death in 1603. James\u2019 wife, Anne, is believed to have previously converted to Catholicism, and his mother, Mary Queen of Scots, was Elizabeth\u2019s Catholic archrival prior to being executed. There were even rumors, inspired by his diplomatic overtures to the pope, that James himself would become Catholic. [PAR] It soon became clear, however, that James did not support religious tolerance for Catholics. In 1604 he publicly condemned Catholicism as a superstition, ordered all Catholic priests to leave England and expressed concern that the number of Catholics was increasing. He also largely continued with the repressive policies of his predecessor, such as fines for those refusing to attend Protestant services. [PAR] Portrait of James I. [PAR] English Catholics had organized several failed conspiracies against Elizabeth, and these continued under James. In 1603 a few priests and laymen hatched the so-called Bye Plot to kidnap James, only to be turned in by fellow Catholics. Another related conspiracy that year, known as the Main Plot, sought to kill James and install his cousin on the throne. Then, in May 1604, a handful of Catholic dissidents\u2014Guy Fawkes, Robert Catesby, Tom Wintour, Jack Wright and Thomas Percy\u2014met at the Duck and Drake inn in London, where Catesby proposed a plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament with gunpowder. Afterwards, all five men purportedly swore an oath of secrecy upon a prayer book. [PAR] Eight other conspirators would later join what became known as the Gunpowder Plot. But although Catesby was the ringleader, Fawkes has garnered most of the publicity over the past 400-plus years. Born in 1570 in York, England, Fawkes spent about a decade fighting for Spain against Protestant rebels in the Spanish-controlled Netherlands. He also personally petitioned the king of Spain for help in starting an English rebellion against James. According to writings in the Spanish archives, Fawkes believed the English king was a heretic who would drive out his Catholic subjects. Fawkes also apparently expressed strong anti-Scottish prejudices. [PAR] By 1605 Fawkes was calling himself Guido rather than Guy. He also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wings Over Scotland | A nationalist hero Wings Over Scotland | A nationalist hero [PAR] Wings Over Scotland [PAR] Posted on April 07, 2013 by Dave McEwan Hill [PAR] On the 12th May 1916, a man born 48 years previously in Edinburgh\u2019s Cowgate was strapped to a chair in Kilmainham Jail, Dublin and \u2013 after receiving the last rites \u2013 was shot by a firing squad. He was too weak to stand. [PAR] In 2002 a BBC poll for its presentation of the \u201c100 Greatest Britons\u201d had him in 64th place. Yet he is hardly known in Scotland. Virtually the only time his name impinges on public consciousness is when those who wish to honour his name by public march in Edinburgh have to be given police protection from violent Unionist bigots . [PAR] At the age of 14 James Connolly (with his brother John) had enrolled in the British Army under the name of Reid. A seven-year posting to Ireland undoubtedly had a significant effect. On return to Edinburgh he became heavily involved in workers\u2019 causes and the Scottish Socialist Federation, becoming its secretary in place of John, who\u2019d been sacked by Edinburgh Corporation for agitating for an eight-hour day. [PAR] He abhorred the sectarian division fostered among Scotland\u2019s working classes by unscrupulous employers to weaken worker solidarity. Connolly became an early member of Keir Hardie\u2019s Independent Labour Party, and an acquaintance and inspiration to John McLean. (Connolly\u2019s part in the Dublin Easter Rising and the subsequent independence of Ireland was a significant influence in McLean\u2019s later formation of the independence-supporting Scottish Workers Republican Party.) [PAR] There was great communication and cooperation between Scottish and Irish socialist organisations in the 1890s, and when a position as secretary of the Dublin Socialist Club \u2013 paying a pound a week \u2013 came up, Connolly (now struggling in Edinburgh with three children) applied for and got the position. There he very quickly became a right hand man to Jim Larkin, the Liverpool-born founder of the Irish Labour party. [PAR] But it was in 1916 that Connolly stepped into history. On the 24th of April 1916 the two men at the head of a rebel Irish army declaring Irish independence were the son of an Englishman and an ex-British soldier born in Edinburgh. The commander-in-chief as the rebels seized the GPO in Dublin was Padraig Pearse and his second-in-command was James Connolly, leading the \u201cIrish Citizens Army\u201d \u2013 drawn from the Irish Trade Unions and Irish Labour Party. [PAR] The citizens of Dublin were puzzled, somewhat amused and largely dismissive of the rebels who had seized a number of buildings in central Dublin. A Proclamation of the Republic was read out and the rebels settled in for a siege. They held out under intense bombardment till the 30th of April. On surrender many of them, including a badly wounded Connolly, were bundled off to jail to await their individual desserts. Those who had signed the Proclamation had little doubt what fate awaited them. [PAR] In the interim, Ireland had not risen as the rebels had hoped. Metropolitan Dubliners had shown little enthusiasm for insurrection, though Irish Home Rule and Dominion status was by a large distance the most popular political position of the day. The rubble in the city centre was cleared. Life went on. But just when the cause of independence seemed to have faltered, London stupidity intervened to revive it. [PAR] Because in May, the executions started. [PAR] The prevailing view in Ireland until then had probably been that these rebels, many of whom had marched in from impoverished"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Net (1995) - IMDb The Net (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A computer programmer stumbles upon a conspiracy, putting her life and the lives of those around her in great danger. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 08 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 27 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 06 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Net \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Two gifted high school students execute a \"perfect\" murder - then become engaged in an intellectual contest with a seasoned homicide detective. [PAR] Director: Barbet Schroeder [PAR] A big-city newspaper columnist is forced to enter a drug and alcohol rehab center after ruining her sister's wedding and crashing a stolen limousine. [PAR] Director: Betty Thomas [PAR] A hopeless romantic Chicago Transit Authority token collector is mistaken for the fianc\u00e9e of a coma patient. [PAR] Director: Jon Turteltaub [PAR] A soon-to-be-married man encounters an exciting stranger after his plane suffers an accident on takeoff. [PAR] Director: Bronwen Hughes [PAR] An FBI agent must go undercover in the Miss United States beauty pageant to prevent a group from bombing the event. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] A young police officer must prevent a bomb exploding aboard a city bus by keeping its speed above 50 mph. [PAR] Director: Jan de Bont [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Angela Bennett's a software engineer type who works from home and has few friends outside of cyberspace. Taking her first vacation in years, she becomes embroiled in a web of computer espionage. Written by Rob Hartill [PAR] See All (174) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] Imagine a world where everything about you is on record. A world where every trace of your existence is on computer... A world which could easily be erased... See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG-13 for violence, some sexuality and brief strong language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 28 July 1995 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] At the beach scene, the book Angela has in hands and throws down shortly is 'Love in the Time of Cholera' by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez . See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Angela receives the disc that Dale sent her, they are talking on the phone and he is looking at his computer screen that says she signed for the disc 3 minutes ago. The tracking activity of the package is listed with only a time and no date. Tracking a dateless package would be rather useless for an international courier such as FedEx, which could take days for long trips. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [Angela, who already sent the incriminating info to the FBI at the last second, is approached and caught by Devlin and Marx] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Metacarpals Definition, Function & Anatomy | Body Maps Metacarpals Definition, Function & Anatomy | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Metacarpals [PAR] The metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the \"metacarpus.\" The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. You can feel and see the metacarpals on the back of your hand, through your skin. The five metacarpals are called thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal. Ten percent of all fractures that occur are those to the metacarpals and phalanges, the most common injuries being from car accidents, sports injuries, and work-related injuries. The goal in repairing these injuries is to do so while maintaining strength of hand grip and no residual pain upon using the hand. Boxers tend to have high incidence of fracture to metacarpals, hence the term \"Boxers Fracture.\"[DOC] [TLE] Your Muscles - KidsHealth Your Muscles [PAR] Your Muscles [PAR] Tus m\u00fasculos [PAR] Did you know you have more than 600 muscles in your body? They do everything from pumping blood throughout your body to helping you lift your heavy backpack. You control some of your muscles, while others \u2014 like your heart \u2014 do their jobs without you thinking about them at all. [PAR] Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue (sort of like the material in a rubber band). Thousands, or even tens of thousands, of small fibers make up each muscle. [PAR] You have three different types of muscles in your body: smooth muscle, cardiac (say: KAR-dee-ak) muscle, and skeletal (say: SKEL-uh-tul) muscle. [PAR] Smooth Muscles [PAR] Smooth muscles \u2014 sometimes also called involuntary muscles \u2014 are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other. You can't control this type of muscle. Your brain and body tell these muscles what to do without you even thinking about it. You can't use your smooth muscles to make a muscle in your arm or jump into the air. [PAR] [PAR] But smooth muscles are at work all over your body. In your stomach and digestive system, they contract (tighten up) and relax to allow food to make its journey through the body. Your smooth muscles come in handy if you're sick and you need to throw up. The muscles push the food back out of the stomach so it comes up through the esophagus (say: ih-SAH-fuh-gus) and out of the mouth. [PAR] Smooth muscles are also found in your bladder. When they're relaxed, they allow you to hold in urine (pee) until you can get to the bathroom. Then they contract so that you can push the urine out. These muscles are also in a woman's uterus, which is where a baby develops. There they help to push the baby out of the mother's body when it's time to be born. [PAR] You'll find smooth muscles at work behind the scenes in your eyes, too. These muscles keep the eyes focused. [PAR] continue [PAR] A Hearty Muscle [PAR] The muscle that makes up the heart is called cardiac muscle. It is also known as the myocardium (say: my-uh-KAR-dee-um). The thick muscles of the heart"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gary Lightbody (Singer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Gary Lightbody (Singer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Gary Lightbody [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Jun 15, 1976 [PAR] Dr Gary Lightbody is a Northern Irish musician and songwriter best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. [PAR] related links [PAR] Tired Pony Return On 'i Don't Want You As A Ghost' \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Song Premiere [PAR] Rolling Stone - Aug 26, 2013 [PAR] ' Click to listen to Tired Pony\\'s \\\"I Don\\'t Want You As a Ghost\\\" When <mark>Gary Lightbody</mark> of Snow Patrol Peter Buck of REM and Richard Colburn of Belle and Sebastian began working on their next album as Tired Pony they had something special from the start opening song \\\"I Don\\'t Want... ' [PAR] Coldplay Member Appears On 'game Of Thrones' [PAR] Huffington Post - Jun 03, 2013 [PAR] '\\n \\\"Game of Thrones\\\" fans are still reeling from Sunday night\\'s penultimate episode, \\\"The Rains of Castamere,\\\" a.k.a. the Red Wedding episode, a.k.a. you crazy for this one George RR Martin. Despite the blood and tears (and blood and blood), Episode 9 did feature one brief moment of levity for those viewers paying close attention: a cameo appearance from Coldplay drummer Will Champion. \\n\\n Champion played a drummer in the episode, casting that was first announced by EW.com back... [PAR] New Game Of Thrones Season 3 Poster As Unforgiving As Stone [PAR] Boom Tron - Nov 16, 2012 [PAR] ' \\n Boom! March 2013 is a little over four months away, but you don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t have to wait for today\u00e2\u0080\u0099s teaser poster reveal for the next addictive season of Game of Thrones on HBO. You can see it now.\u00c2 The art work is cold, dark and made of stone, but it gets its point across. Dragons, kings and wildlings return on 03.31.13. The repetition of the number three is also very fitting. It is, after all, season three that we\u00e2\u0080\u0099re waiting on pins and needles for. I like the swords worked into the image. If it... [PAR] Family And Friends Shocked By Death Of Massive Attack Vocalist [PAR] Huffington Post - Oct 29, 2012 [PAR] '\\n Fans and friends are paying tribute to Terry Callier, one of Massive Attack\\'s most celebrated collaborators. \\n\\n The jazz and soul singer has died, aged 67, reportedly found dead at his home on Sunday, with saxophonist Gene Barge confirming his death to the Chicago Sun-Times. \\n\\n Terry Callier was rediscovered later in his career through collaborations with Beth Orton and Massive Attack \\n\\n Callier started his career aged 17 after signing a deal with Chess Records and recorde... [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Gary Lightbody. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1976 Birth Born in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, to Jack and Lynne (n\u00c3\u00a9e Wray) Lightbody, on 15 June 1976, Jack Lightbody has been an independent business owner and has roots in Rosemount, Derry. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Gary Lightbody has one sister, Sarah, and attended Rockport School and Campbell College. Read Less [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] In 1994, Lightbody left home for Scotland to study English literature and English language at the University of Dundee. [PAR] Lightbody formed a band with Mark McClelland and drummer Michael Morrison in 1994, called Shrug. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Morrison left the band later, and the band were forced to change the name to Polarbear, as another band had claimed the name. In the band's first seven years of existence, they added drummer Jonny Quinn, released two albums (Songs for Polarbears, and When It's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Al Qaeda's' Arabic Translation is 'Toilet ... \u2018Al Qaeda\u2019s\u2019 Arabic Translation is \u2018Toilet\u2019 | Theupliftingcrane's Blog [PAR] \u2018Al Qaeda\u2019s\u2019 Arabic Translation is \u2018Toilet\u2019 [PAR] January 14, 2010 by theupliftingcrane [PAR] \u2018Al Qaeda\u2019s\u2019 Arabic Translation is \u2018Toilet\u2019 [PAR] (Highlights) [PAR] The widely known translation of \u2018Al Qaeda\u2019, sometimes spelled \u2018Al Qaida\u2019, is \u2018The Base\u2019. However, this is not the only translation of the ominous term. There is another. \u201cAna raicha Al Qaeda\u201d is colloquial for \u201cI\u2019m going to the toilet\u201d. A very common and widespread use of the word \u201cAl-Qaeda\u201d in different Arab countries in the public language is for the toilet bowl. This name comes from the Arabic verb \u201cQa\u2019ada\u201d which mean \u201cto sit\u201d, pertinently, on the \u201cToilet Bowl\u201d. In most Arabs homes there are two kinds of toilets: \u201cAl-Qaeda\u201d also called the \u201cHamam Franji\u201d or foreign toilet, and \u201cHamam Arabi\u201d or \u201cArab toilet\u201d which is a hole in the ground. Lest we forget it, the potty used by small children is called \u201cMa Qa\u2019adia\u201d or \u201cLittle Qaeda\u201d. Why would a terrorist group call itself \u2018The Toilet\u2019? Did Osama really choose to name his terror network after potty humor? (The CIA came up with the name and are still laughing about it to this day.) [PAR] \u201cThe truth is, there is no Islamic army or terrorist group called Al Qaida. And any informed intelligence officer knows this. But there is a propaganda campaign to make the public believe in the presence of an identified entity representing the \u2018devil\u2019 only in order to drive the TV watcher to accept a unified international leadership for a war against terrorism. The country behind this propaganda is the US.\u201d ~ Former British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook [PAR] Like this:[DOC] [TLE] Why would Al-Queda call themselves \"The Database\" in 1988? Why would Al-Queda call themselves \"The Database\" in 1988? | 911Blogger.com [PAR] Why would Al-Queda call themselves \"The Database\" in 1988? [PAR] TruthMakesPeace Thu, 12/02/2010 - 11:29pm [PAR] >Al Qaeda is a name that this group choose for themselves. [PAR] No, buddy. That is not true. [PAR] There is no reference to Bin Laden ever using the term \"Al Queda\" until after 9/11/2001, [PAR] when he learned that this was what the Americans were calling him and his followers. [PAR] Will those who benefit financially, and for job security, use the term \"Al Queda\"? Absolutely. [PAR] \"Oh yes\", they'll say. \"And they have high tech undeground bunkers in the caves of Afghanistan!\" [PAR] Will the Northern Alliance accept money to help you find these complexes in the hills? Absolutely. [PAR] Have we ever actually found more than just some natural caves? [PAR] First, let's do a simple experiment to find out what Al Queda actually means. [PAR] 1. Go to the Google Translator to translate from English to Arabic. [PAR] http://translate.google.com/#en|ar|the%20base [PAR] 2. Type in \"the base\", click \"Read phonetically\", then click Translate [PAR] 3. You will see it literally means \"al Q\u0101\u02bb-dh\" [PAR] Also, you could also use http://www.farsidic.com/Translate.aspx [PAR] Farsi is similar, but displays their strange alphabetic characters, which read right to left. [PAR] You'll recognize this symbol on American made documentation about Al Queda. [PAR] Wikipedia defines Al-Queda as being founded between 1988 and 1989. [PAR] Sadly, Wikipedia is domineered by full time propagandists, [PAR] info-warriors whose job it is to keep the OCT dominant. [PAR] If you put anything contrary, they gang up and revert to what they want. [PAR] Wikipedia is seen as the definitive encyclopedia for many people. [PAR] They even put an \"Al-Queda flag\" (designed by who?) there to make it seem like it is a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why did Labour lose in 1980s? - socialistworker.co.uk Why did Labour lose in 1980s? [PAR] Why did Labour lose in 1980s? [PAR] by Martin Smith [PAR] Published Sat 4 Dec 1999 [PAR] Issue No. 1675 [PAR] 'WHEN KEN Livingstone was in charge of the Labour Party in London we were a byword for extremism. We were unelectable as a political party. I never want to go back to those days again.' This is Tony Blair's central argument why people should not back Ken Livingstone as Labour's candidate for mayor of London. It is a complete reversal of the truth. [PAR] Labour's failure to beat the Tories does not lie with the left. It lies on the shoulders of Michael Foot, Neil Kinnock and other leading Labour Party figures. On three occasions the Tories were nearly brought to their knees by working class struggle. It was Labour's leaders who failed to take the advantage. The Labour government of 1974-9 had paved the way for the Tories in the first place. It delivered savage cuts in public spending. Unemployment rocketed. [PAR] By the time of the 1979 election workers felt demoralised after years of attacks from what was supposed to be 'their' government. The Tories came to office determined to take on the trade union movement so the bosses could increase their profits. In January 1980 Thatcher began her onslaught by attacking the steel workers. There was an all out strike in response. The militancy of the strike shocked the Tories. Mass pickets closed down the steel plants. Over 200,000 workers took part in a solidarity general strike across Wales. [PAR] The Tory government was on the rocks. Opinion polls showed that Labour would have a majority of 130 if there were a general election. Labour could have called for more industrial action and protests to increase the heat on the Tories. But Michael Foot, the leader of the Labour Party, argued that the only solution was to wait four years for the next election. Labour sat back and allowed the bosses to beat the steel workers. [PAR] The defeat of the strike cleared the way for a huge wave of job losses. Unemployment reached four million. The defeat and mass unemployment left many workers feeling despairing and powerless. But many hated Thatcher passionately. The left grew in the early 1980s. But it often did not relate to workers' struggles. Instead it channelled its energies into winning positions inside the Labour Party. [PAR] It was far from inevitable, however, that the Tories would win the 1983 election. It was the right wing of the Labour Party that wrecked Labour's chances of winning, not the left. In 1981 four leading right wing Labour MPs left the party and formed the SDP. The SDP then formed an electoral alliance with the Liberals. This split the anti-Tory vote. In both the 1983 and 1987 general elections the combined vote of the Labour Party and the SDP was bigger than that of the Tories. In fact Thatcher never won more than 44 percent of the vote throughout the 1980s. [PAR] The Falkands War is often given as an explanation of why the Tories won the 1983 election. But this is a myth. The Tories' popularity hardly rose at all during the Falklands War. Unemployment and a well supported strike by health workers made many people cynical of Thatcher's motives for going to war. But Labour did nothing to build opposition to the war. [PAR] In fact Labour leader Michael Foot accused the Tories of not being hard enough in their defence of the Falkland"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When Harry Met Sally, Remembered by Alice -- Vulture When Harry Met Sally, Remembered by Alice -- Vulture [PAR] Print [PAR] Share [PAR] Actress and writer Lisa Jane Persky played Alice, the married redhead who counsels Sally (Meg Ryan) and Marie (Carrie Fisher), in When Harry Met Sally. On the occasion of the film's 25th anniversary, she agreed to share some thoughts with Vulture. [PAR] I just watched When Harry Met Sally for the first time since the premiere. I\u2019m very excited about it, as much as I was when it opened. I tend not to watch things I\u2019m in again for a loooong time. It\u2019s always easier to be objective about and more forgiving of myself after at least a decade \u2014 but in this case, only a few months before shooting the film, my best friend (a man, no less) had shuffled off this mortal coil quite unexpectedly. It was my first time in New York without him, and it was a big adjustment; I assumed that revisiting the film might unearth a host of unwanted feelings. [PAR] Anyway, I watched it, and I\u2019m fine. In fact, I\u2019m delighted that I did, because: Hell yes, the film holds up. People have actually asked me that: \u201cDo you think it holds up?\u201d And I ask them: Does love hold up? It\u2019s timeless. Hope is where we live, most of us. And When Harry Met Sally is a very hopeful movie, in spite of all the dark questions and generalizations and brooding and Ira. [PAR] The \"Happily Married One\" [PAR] I played Alice, Sally\u2019s other best friend, the married one. I\u2019d worked with Rob Reiner on The Sure Thing , which is how I found myself with the role in \u201cHarry, This Is Sally.\u201d (That was its title at the time. Does that sound like a hit?) It was an honor to have been offered it without an audition, and an honor to work with Rob again. He has one of the best laughs in all of show business: almost completely silent, but with a touch of audible air coming from his nose. That\u2019s the face you most want to see beside the camera at the end of a scene. [PAR] Because I hadn\u2019t auditioned, I felt much more pressure to be absolutely Alice. Alice was described only as \u201cthe happily married one.\u201d (I wanted to be that character in real life, too, but I had no idea what \u201chappily married\u201d was. I had to work on it \u2014 and that never ends.) \u201cHappily married\u201d people always appear to have some secret they\u2019re not sharing with singles, and sometimes it\u2019s just hard for unmarried people to be around them. Alice knows that. She\u2019s an Upper West Side mom \u2014 reined in a bit, more cautious about what she says than Carrie Fisher\u2019s Marie. She\u2019s worried about Sally being lonely, and she doesn\u2019t want her to fall off the market, even if it means having a starter marriage: \u201cAt least you could say you were married.\u201d It\u2019s an odd assumption that we humans make, that everyone wants the same things in life, or that they should, or even that everyone wants to be happy. [PAR] Baby Fish-Mouth [PAR] My first day on set \u2014 and this may have been the first day of principal photography, I\u2019m not sure \u2014 we shot what has come to be known as the \"baby fish-mouth\" scene. The characters are all playing Pictionary, or something close; Sally is drawing a possibly puckered mouth for the clue \"baby talk.\" We improvised our way into the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to cook perfect chilli con carne | Life and style ... How to cook perfect chilli con carne | Life and style | The Guardian [PAR] How to cook the perfect ... [PAR] How to cook perfect chilli con carne [PAR] Does the British version of chilli con carne have its own merits, or is it an affront to one of the American southwest's proudest pieces of culinary heritages? [PAR] Felicity's perfect chilli con carne. Photograph: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Chilli is one of a select coterie of dishes we've really taken to our greedy hearts in this country, even going so far as to honour it with a full culinary makeover (see also spag bol , guacamole and green curry ). [PAR] In these islands, \"chilli con carney\" (which always makes me think of those ineffably cool, invariably grizzled men who operated the Waltzers of my youth) is traditionally served bursting out of microwaved baked potatoes, or in a neat pile atop a ring of basmati rice, like so much minced meat curry. Kidney beans and copious amounts of cayenne obligatory. [PAR] So far, so \u2013 well, delicious. It wasn't until I visited the States that I realised that we'd given this iconic south-western dish the full British lasagne and chips treatment \u2013 chilli has a proud heritage in that part of the world, and it doesn't often involve a jar endorsed by Loyd Grossman. [PAR] The International Chili Society , an organisation devoted to the \"promotion, development and improving of the preparation and appreciation of true chilli\", observes that ever since \"the second person on earth mixed some chile peppers with meat and cooked them, the great chilli debate was on \u2026 the desire to brew up the best bowl of chilli in the world is exactly that old\". [PAR] Although, as they generously allow, the combination of meat and peppers is almost as old as cooking itself, the ICS's official history of chilli credits the emergence of the modern bowl of \"red\" to southwestern cattle drivers, who subsisted on the raw ingredients they found along the trail. (Those ingredients, you may well observe, are unlikely to have included cardamom pods, or Marmite or any of the other strange things we do to chilli in this country.) [PAR] The original [PAR] Cowboy chilli. Photograph: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian [PAR] Although striving for \"authenticity\" with a chilli con carne strikes me as an outrageous betrayal of its rough and ready, mestizo roots, I decide my quest really ought to start with the most basic, stripped-back version of the dish, as might feasibly have been knocked up by generations of cowboys under the stars, and as told to the luminaries of the International Chili Society by a few \"old-timers\" at a \"Texican\" bar in Marfa, Texas. [PAR] The freshly-killed beef would have been tough, so I use chuck steak, cut up \"into pieces about the size of a pecan\". It goes into the pot along with suet, salt and \"the same amount of wild onions, garlic, oregano and chiles as meat\". (In the absence of any wild onions in north London, I use large salad onions.) [PAR] This is then cooked until the meat \"is as tender as you think it's going to get\". It's a recipe simpler than any to grace a jar of sauce, so I'm not expecting much from it, but, although the dish is utterly unlike anything I'd recognise as chili, after two hours, the combination of slightly caramelised beef, chilli, and blackened onions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NEXT: Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs - The Boot Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs [PAR] Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs [PAR] By Sterling Whitaker August 18, 2016 11:28 AM [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Paul Hawthorne, Getty Images [PAR] Kenny Rogers \u2018 songs are timeless. The country superstar has always had a knack for recording strong, well-written material that stands up well over time, which has helped him build a career as one of the most consistent hitmakers of his generation. [PAR] From his early successes fronting the country rock group the First Edition to his later smash success as a solo artist, Rogers has wandered around stylistically over the decades \u2014 but his best songs have always boiled down to telling a great story in a way that relates to people. Along with Rogers\u2019 signature vocal delivery, those are the hallmarks of all of the tracks in our list of the Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs. [PAR] 10 [PAR] From: \u2018They Don\u2019t Make Them Like They Used To\u2019 (1986) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Rogers was beginning to slip on the charts when he released They Don\u2019t Make Them Like They Used To. The album was an unabashed crossover into more pop territory, and coming as it did at the dawn of the New Traditionalist movement, it did not fare as well as some of Rogers\u2019 previous efforts. But its second single, the poignant \u201cTwenty Years Ago,\u201d rose to No. 2 on the charts on the strength of its universal refrain: \u201cLife was so much easier 20 years ago.\u201d [PAR] From: \u2018She Rides Wild Horses\u2019 (1999) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Rogers pulled off a later-in-life career resurrection with \u201cBuy Me a Rose.\u201d He drafted Billy Dean and Alison Krauss to perform backing vocals on the track, which tells the story of a man who\u2019s been trying to impress his wife with material possessions, only to find that it\u2019s simple, loving gestures from him that she really values. That timeless message took the song all the way to No. 1 in 1999, a dozen years after Rogers had last visited the top of the charts. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] After years of toiling in various groups, to varying degrees of success and failure, Rogers was fast becoming a huge solo star by the time he released his third solo album. Its title song and lead single was a classic cheating song about a clandestine couple who are \u201cdaytime friends and nighttime lovers,\u201d despite the fact that he is her husband\u2019s best friend. The song became Rogers\u2019 second No. 1 hit, earning a spot in the Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Rogers went from stardom to superstardom with his 1978 album The Gambler. The second consecutive No. 1 country single from the album, \u201cShe Believes in Me\u201d tells the plaintive story of a struggling musician whose love has stood by him through all his tribulations. The track\u2019s soaring melody and lush arrangement made it a perfect crossover vehicle, also reaching No. 5 in Billboard\u2018s Hot 100 and No. 1 in the adult contemporary charts. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \u201cSweet Music Man\u201d is a rarity among Rogers\u2019 hits in that he wrote it himself. The singer sat by singer Jessi Colter on a plane flight, and her laments about the trials she was going through with her husband, Waylon Jennings , inspired Rogers to write the story of a fading singer trying to hold onto glory. Ironically, Jennings himself was among the singers who later covered the song, but Rogers\u2019 is the definitive version, reaching No. 9 in Billboard\u2018s Hot Country Singles. [PAR] \u201cIslands"
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__________________________ The Twelfth Day of Christmas On the twelfth day of Christmas,\ufffd my True Love sent to me\ufffd Twelve drummers drumming,\ufffd Eleven pipers piping,\ufffd Ten lords a-leaping,\ufffd Nine ladies dancing,\ufffd Eight maids a-milking,\ufffd Seven swans a-swimming,\ufffd Six geese a-laying,\ufffd Five golden rings,\ufffd Four calling birds,\ufffd Three French hens,\ufffd Two turtle doves,\ufffd And a partridge in a pear tree! All of these questions are about just the twelfth day of Christmas and not the days before it! How many presents were given to me by my True Love altogether? (1 mark) \b How many birds were sent by my True Love? (1 mark) \b How many people did my True Love send to entertain me? (1 mark) \b How many wings are there in the song? (1 mark) \b How many legs are there in the song? (1 mark) \b If I shared all of my presents with you, how many would we have each? (1 mark) \b \bIf all the people who had to read music needed glasses, how many pairs of glasses would be needed? (1 mark) How many of the gifts are definitely female? (1 mark) \b How many letters are there in the verse? (1 mark) \b \bIf each maid managed to get 4 pints of milk a day, how many pints of milk would I have to drink in a leap year? (Up to 2 marks) Each Calling Bird can call non-stop for one hour and 27 minutes. If they take it in turns to call without a break between them and the first starts at 11:15am, what time will the fourth bird stop calling at? (Up to 2 marks) \b \bIf next year my True Love decided to be even more generous and changed it to the 16 Days of Christmas, how many presents would I receive on the last day? (Up to 2 marks) \bIf each of the people bought 6 presents each for their family and the birds bought 13 presents each for their family, who bought the most amount of presents \ufffd the people or the birds? (Up to 2 marks) \bIf the first swan swam 8km and then each of the swans after swam double the amount of the one before, how far would the swans have swum altogether in metres? (Up to 3 marks) The jeweller said that each of my gold rings was worth \ufffd1000 but each year they would be worth 10% less. How much would all 5 rings together be worth after 3 years? (Up to 3 marks) \b The average partridge weighs 1,200g. The average pear tree can hold up to 450kg in extra weight. What is the maximum amount of partridges that could sit in the pear tree before the tree breaks. (Up to 3 marks) \b \bOn average, a bird can release 137.5kg of droppings in a year. How much poo would the birds produce in 5 years? (Up to 3 marks) The French Hens had 2 chicks each. When they grew up each of these chicks had 4 chicks each and these chicks then had 3 chicks each. How many French Hens were there altogether? (Up to 3 marks) \b A goose will lay one egg a day for approximately 9 months of the year. Approximately how many eggs will I have each year? (Up to 3 marks) \b A piper\ufffds pipe costs \ufffd32.00. A drummer\ufffds drumsticks costs one tenth of the price of a dancing lady\ufffds shoes. The milking maid\ufffds milking machines cost double that of the piper\ufffds"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spitting Image \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats ... Spitting Image \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] genius [PAR] Spitting Image was a satirical puppet show that ran on the United Kingdom's ITV television network from 1984 to 1996. The programme was produced by Spitting Image Productions for Central. [PAR] In 1986, the Spitting Image puppets had a number one hit in the UK charts with The Chicken Song. Other songs released by Spitting Image were I've Never Met A Nice South African (which was on the B-Side of The Chicken Song and was a savage indictment of the apartheid-ridden\u2026 read more[DOC] [TLE] 1986 Christmas Top 40 | The Sound Of The Crowd 1986 Christmas Top 40 | The Sound Of The Crowd [PAR] The Sound of the Crowd [PAR] Steve Binnie 1986 \u2022 Xmas Top 40 [PAR] Something seemed to have shifted in 1986. Duran Duran, Spandau Ballet, Culture Club and Frankie Goes To Hollywood all returned from their mid-decade break to lesser acclaim, failing to score a top three hit between them. Wham! called it a day in the middle of the year with a farewell concert at Wembley Stadium and a final single while Madonna began to tighten her stranglehold on the chart with four top two hits. The first stirrings of house music had arrived on these shores in the latter part of the year and soon everything would change, but for now the charts were a confused mish-mash of newcomers (Pet Shop Boys, a-ha ), TV tie-ins (Nick Berry, Spitting Image), bubble permed rockers ( Bon Jovi , Europe), unexpected one-hit wonders (Doctor & The Medics, Boris Gardiner) and easy listening hell (Chris De Burgh). [PAR] The full top 100 for this week can be found on the Official Charts Company site. [PAR] Party Starters [PAR] The Hair Rock movement is in full swing with Europe\u2019s The Final Countdown at 3, having spent a fortnight at number 1, while Bon Jovi are at number 10 with Livin\u2019 On A Prayer . Status Quo\u2019s attempt to join in is somewhat hampered by the lack of hair to be bubble permed, but Dreamin\u2019 is up to number 17, ahead of the naturally hirsute Gary Moore at 31 with Over The Hills And Far Away . It\u2019s not all rock though, there\u2019s plenty of dance music around too. Perhaps Stock, Aitken & Waterman\u2019s finest moment, Showing Out by Mel & Kim is at 30; Kim Wilde\u2019s version of You Keep Me Hangin\u2019 On is at 28 and Erasure\u2019s d\u00e9but hit after 18 months of trying, Sometimes is at 5. Madonna\u2019s fourth hit from the True Blue album Open Your Heart is at 4, and the Gap Band\u2019s Big Fun at number 12 is already their biggest hit since Oops Upside Your Head six years earlier and will go on to overtake it in the new year. There\u2019s also peerless pop from a-ha ( Cry Wolf at 7), Alison Moyet ( Is This Love? at 8), the Bangles ( Walk Like An Egyptian still clinging on at 37) and Swing Out Sister ( Breakout at 23). With so much great party music around, what could possibly spoil the mood? [PAR] Related: a-ha: SSE Hydro Glasgow, 28 Mar 2016 [PAR] Party Poopers [PAR] Oh, it\u2019s Lionel Richie again with another gushing ballad Ballerina Girl at 34. Elkie Brooks\u2019 first top 40 hit in four years No More The Fool is at 18, while the gruesome twosome of Cliff Richard and Sarah Brightman are at 29 with All I Ask Of You from Andrew"
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    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] JUDY GARLAND: 'MEET ME IN ST LOUIS'. 'HAVE YOURSELF A ... JUDY GARLAND: 'MEET ME IN ST LOUIS'. 'HAVE YOURSELF A MERRY LITTLE CHRISTMAS' WITH SNOWMAN CLIP. - YouTube [PAR] JUDY GARLAND: 'MEET ME IN ST LOUIS'. 'HAVE YOURSELF A MERRY LITTLE CHRISTMAS' WITH SNOWMAN CLIP. [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 11, 2009 [PAR] Judy began work on 'Meet Me in St. Louis' when she was 21 years old. It was during the filming of this movie that she became romantically involved with Vincente Minnelli. [PAR] The movie was completed in April 1944, and released in St. Louis on November 22, 1944. It broke box-office records all over the country as not only Judy's greatest hit to date, but MGM's top money maker, second only to Gone with the Wind. Margaret O'Brien won an Oscar for her portrayal of Tootie, and 'The Trolley Song' was nominated for Best Song Academy Award. 'Meet Me in St. Louis' is one of the most beloved musicals ever made, and considered to be one of the best. [PAR] Judy initially wanted nothing to do with 'Meet Me in St. Louis' because she was finally being given some adult roles, and she was concerned about being cast as a seventeen-year-old. Mayer was insistent, and Minnelli eventually convinced her to play the part. After she began working on the project, she became enchanted with the story and came to love it. [PAR] Courtesy of: http://www.jgdb.com/stlouis.htm [PAR] The original lyrics for 'Have Yourself A Merry little Christmas' ,written by Hugh Martin, were considered by many, including Judy, to be too depressing. Although Martin resisted at first, he made the changes to the song ... & it is what we have today as a great American classic Christmas song. [PAR] Original lyrics: [PAR] Have yourself a merry little Christmas, it may be your last, [PAR] Next year we may all be living in the past [PAR] Have yourself a merry little Christmas, pop that champagne cork, [PAR] Next year we will all be living in New York. [PAR] No good times like the olden days, happy golden days of yore, [PAR] Faithful friends who were dear to us, will be near to us no more. [PAR] But at least we all will be together, if the Fates allow, [PAR] From now on we'll have to muddle through somehow. [PAR] So have yourself a merry little Christmas now. [PAR] I think we all understand why Judy wanted it changed: [PAR] Have yourself a merry little Christmas [PAR] Let your heart be light [PAR] Next year all our troubles will be [PAR] out of sight [PAR] Have yourself a merry little Christmas [PAR] Make the yule-tide gay [PAR] Next year all our troubles will be [PAR] miles away [PAR] Once again as in olden days [PAR] Happy golden days of yore [PAR] Faithful friends who are dear to us [PAR] Will be near to us once more [PAR] Someday soon, we all will be together [PAR] If the Fates allow [PAR] Until then, we'll have to muddle through somehow [PAR] So have yourself a merry little Christmas now. [PAR] *No copyright infringement intended*[DOC] [TLE] Meet Me in St. Louis Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Meet Me in St. Louis Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE POGUES LYRICS - Fairytale Of New York THE POGUES LYRICS - Fairytale Of New York [PAR] \"Fairytale Of New York\" lyrics [PAR] THE POGUES LYRICS [PAR] It was Christmas Eve babe [PAR] In the drunk tank [PAR] An old man said to me, [PAR] Won't see another one [PAR] And then he sang a song [PAR] The Rare Old Mountain Dew [PAR] I turned my face away [PAR] And dreamed about you [PAR] Got on a lucky one [PAR] Came in eighteen to one [PAR] I've got a feeling [PAR] This year's for me and you [PAR] So happy Christmas [PAR] I can see a better time [PAR] When all our dreams come true [PAR] They've got cars [PAR] They've got rivers of gold [PAR] But the wind goes right through you [PAR] It's no place for the old [PAR] When you first took my hand [PAR] On a cold Christmas Eve [PAR] You promised me [PAR] Broadway was waiting for me [PAR] You were handsome [PAR] Queen of New York City [PAR] When the band finished playing [PAR] They howled out for more [PAR] Sinatra was swinging [PAR] All the drunks they were singing [PAR] We kissed on the corner [PAR] Then danced through the night [PAR] The boys of the NYPD choir [PAR] Were singing 'Galway Bay' [PAR] And the bells are ringing [PAR] Out for Christmas day"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cover Pages: W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee Awarded ... Cover Pages: W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee Awarded Millennium Technology Prize. [PAR] News: Cover Stories [PAR] W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee Awarded Millennium Technology Prize. [PAR] An announcement from the Finnish Technology Award Foundation describes the selection of Tim Berners-Lee by unanimous vote of the International Award Selection Committee as recipient of the first Millennium Technology Prize. [PAR] A graduate of Oxford University, England, Tim Berners-Lee \"holds the 3Com Founders chair at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He directs the World Wide Web Consortium, an open forum of companies and organizations with the mission to lead the Web to its full potential.\" [PAR] The Finnish Millennium Technology Prize is awarded every other year for innovation based on scientific research in any of four disciplines: Health Care and Life Sciences, Communications and Information, New Materials and Processes, and Energy and the Environment. It is a technology award granted \"for outstanding technological achievements that directly promote people's quality of life, are based on humane values, and encourage sustainable economic development.\" [PAR] Berners-Lee was selected for the Millennium Technology Prize 2004 from a group of 78 nominees representing twenty-two countries and four continents. The Award Ceremony will be held on June 15, 2004 at Finlandia Hall in Helsinki, Finland. Ms Tarja Halonen, President of the Republic of Finland and Patron of the Millennium Technology Prize, has been invited to present the Prize, which carries a value of one million euros. [PAR] About The Millennium Technology Prize and Finnish Technology Award Foundation [PAR] The Finnish Millennium Technology Prize is the world's biggest technology award, given \"for outstanding technological achievements that directly promote people's quality of life, are based on humane values, and encourage sustainable economic development. [PAR] The Prize is intended to stimulate further achievements by the Award Winner(s) and other visionaries. For this reason it is normally awarded for specific innovations made during the preceding ten years. [PAR] The Prize will not be awarded for cumulative accomplishments over a lifetime career, or for achievements already rewarded in international forums. The Prize is awarded either to an individual or to a research team. It may be shared by a maximum of three individuals who were not members of the same team, if the Award Selection Committee judges that they have each made a critical scientific or technological contribution of essentially equal merit to the success of the innovation... [PAR] Rationale for the Millennium Technology Prize was given by Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen, speaker of the Finnish parliament, at the founding ceremony in November 2002: 'The Millennium Prize is needed because Finland today is ranked No. 1 in technology and we benefit so much from world markets in high technology so that we owe this to the world, to science, to those who make a contribution to creating prosperity through high technology, that we establish this Millennium Prize'... [PAR] The Finnish Technology Award Foundation is an independent fund established in 2002 by eight Finnish organisations that support technological development and innovation. Its mission is to promote scientific research that aims to enhance the quality of life through new technology. We also seek to encourage networking and international cooperation on this field. This vision enjoys wide support in Finland, including that of the President of the Republic, Tarja Halonen. The Board of the Foundation consists of the representatives of its eight founding members, the Academy of Finland and National Technology Agency of Finland. The funding is provided by the public and private sectors in partnership...\" [adapted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Controversial documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 wins Palme d\u2019Or ... Controversial documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 wins Palme d\u2019Or - May 22, 2004 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Controversial documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 wins Palme d\u2019Or [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Controversial documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 wins Palme d\u2019Or [PAR] Author [PAR] Controversial documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 wins Palme d\u2019Or [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 2004, Michael Moore\u2019s documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11 beats out 18 other films to win the coveted Palme d\u2019Or, the top prize at the Cannes Film Festival. It became the first documentary to triumph at Cannes since The Silent World, co-directed by Jacques Cousteau and Louis Malle, won the Palme d\u2019Or in 1956. [PAR] The director Quentin Tarantino, president of the Cannes jury, announced the winner in front of an appreciative crowd at the Grand Theatre Lumiere. The previous week, an audience in that same theater gave the film a standing ovation after its screening. It was a surprise win, not least because the Cannes festival had historically shunned documentaries. Fahrenheit 9/11 and The Silent World were two of only three nonfiction films to be allowed in competition in more than five decades. [PAR] Moore\u2019s film was a fierce critique of the foreign policy decisions made by the presidential administration of George W. Bush, principally its response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and its decision to invade Iraq in 2003. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld came under the harshest fire from Moore, who had caused a stir the previous year for his anti-war comments during his acceptance of the Oscar for Best Documentary Feature for Bowling for Columbine. [PAR] Miramax Films, the production company that financed Fahrenheit 9/11, was originally set to distribute the film, until its parent company, Walt Disney, blocked it from doing so. The ensuing controversy reportedly led to the 2005 split between Disney and Miramax founders Harvey and Bob Weinstein. When it was eventually distributed by Lion\u2019s Gate, Fahrenheit 9/11 earned some $119 million at the U.S. box office. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Piers Morgan - iSnare Free Encyclopedia Piers Morgan - iSnare Free Encyclopedia [PAR] Piers Morgan [PAR] Piers Morgan at the PaleyFest 2013 panel for The Newsroom [PAR] Born [PAR] (deceased) [PAR] Gabrielle Georgina Sybille (n\u00e9e Oliver) [PAR] Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (born Piers Stefan O'Meara, 30 March 1965), known professionally as Piers Morgan, is a British journalist and television personality currently working as the US editor-at-large for Mail Online [2] and as a presenter on British breakfast show Good Morning Britain . [3] [PAR] Morgan is the editorial director of First News , a national newspaper for children published in the UK. He began hosting Piers Morgan Live on CNN on 17 January 2011. The show replaced Larry King Live in the 9:00 pm timeslot following King 's retirement. [4] Piers Morgan Live was cancelled by CNN in February 2014 and aired its final broadcast on March 28, 2014. [5] Morgan is a former judge on America's Got Talent and Britain's Got Talent . [6] In 2008 in the United States, he won Celebrity Apprentice . [7] In the UK, he presents Piers Morgan's Life Stories (2009\u2013present) and Good Morning Britain (2015\u2013present). [PAR] Morgan began his career in Fleet Street as a writer and editor for several British tabloids , including The Sun , News of the World and the Daily Mirror . In 1994, aged 29, he was appointed editor of the News of the World by Rupert Murdoch , which made him the youngest editor of a national UK newspaper in more than half a century. [8] In November 2012, he was heavily criticised in the official findings of the Leveson Inquiry , when Lord Leveson stated that comments made in Morgan's testimony about phone hacking were \"utterly unpersuasive\" and \"clearly prove ... that he was aware that it was taking place in the press as a whole and that he was sufficiently unembarrassed by what was criminal behaviour that he was prepared to joke about it\". [9] Morgan has written eight books, including four volumes of memoirs. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 8 External links [PAR] Early life [PAR] Piers Morgan was born Piers Stefan O'Meara on 30 March 1965 in Newick , Sussex , England, to Vincent Eamonn O'Meara, an Irish-born dentist, originally from County Offaly , [1] [10] and Gabrielle Georgina Sybille (n\u00e9e Oliver). [11] [PAR] He took his stepfather's surname and became known as Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan. He attended the independent school Cumnor House [12] from the ages of seven to thirteen, and then Chailey School , a comprehensive secondary school in Chailey , near Lewes , East Sussex , followed by Priory School for sixth form. [13] Morgan studied journalism at Harlow College . After a brief career at Lloyd's of London , he joined the Surrey and South London Newspaper Group in 1985, [14] where he worked as a reporter on the South London News, and the Streatham and Tooting News. Morgan was recruited (he says headhunted by editor Kelvin MacKenzie ) to join The Sun, to work on the Bizarre column. [PAR] Career [PAR] At the Murdoch titles [PAR] Morgan's first high-profile post in the British media was as the main writer of \"Bizarre\", The Sun's show business column, while the newspaper was being edited by Kelvin MacKenzie . In 1994, aged 29, he was appointed editor of the News of the World by Rupert Murdoch , becoming the youngest national newspaper editor in more than half a century. [8] He quickly gained notice for his prying, forthright style and lack of sympathy for celebrities' privacy, claiming that they could not manipulate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paltrow delivers daughter - Film - www.smh.com.au Paltrow delivers daughter - Film - www.smh.com.au [PAR] Paltrow delivers daughter [PAR] Hollywood star Gwyneth Paltrow has given birth to her first child - a baby girl - at a London hospital. [PAR] The actress gave birth to her daughter after a \"long labour\". [PAR] She and her singer husband Chris Martin, of the band Coldplay, named their daughter Apple Blythe Alison Martin. [PAR] The baby weighed 4.5 kg and both mother and baby were said to be doing fine. [PAR] A spokesman for Martin, Murray Chalmers, said: \"Gwyneth Paltrow and Chris Martin are delighted to announce the birth of their first child, Apple Blythe Alison Martin, who was born in London, after a long labour, on May 14, and weighed 9lb 11oz. [PAR] \"Both mother and baby are very well.\" [PAR] The celebrity couple said they were ecstatic over the birth of their daughter. [PAR] Martin said: \"We are 900 miles over the moon, and we'd like to thank everyone at the hospital who have looked after us amazingly.\" [PAR] Motherhood will hopefully be the next step on the road to happiness for the 31-year-old American actress, after a self-confessed tough time. [PAR] The star, who won an Oscar for her role in Shakespeare in Love, has had her fair share of relationship upsets with high-profile failed romances with Brad Pitt and Ben Affleck. [PAR] Then last year her director father, Bruce, died from throat cancer in Rome during her 30th birthday celebrations. [PAR] His death, she said, sparked the worst year of her life. [PAR] But while dealing with the grief of losing her father, the actress finally found love with Coldplay frontman Martin. [PAR] Paltrow announced in December that she and Martin were expecting a baby. The couple, who have been scrupulous about maintaining their privacy, married in December in a private ceremony in Santa Barbara. [PAR] \"The Jewish part of me is superstitious about talking about it, so when people say, 'Are you going to find out about the sex? Do you have weird food cravings? Or 'How does your mom feel?,' I don't want to answer those questions,\" the 31-year-old actress recently said on NBC's The Tonight Show. [PAR] During an interview with W magazine earlier this year, Paltrow hinted she may put her acting career on hold to raise her child - as her mother, actress Blythe Danner, did. [PAR] \"My mother turned down every fantastic movie there was,\" said Paltrow, who starred opposite her mother in last year's film Sylvia. \"She turned down these amazing things that would have made her a huge movie star.\" [PAR] Paltrow won an Oscar for the film Shakespeare in Love. [PAR] Agencies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St George - Patron Saint of England - Historic UK St George - Patron Saint of England [PAR] St George - Patron Saint of England [PAR] Navigation [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] Every nation has its own \u2018Patron Saint\u2019 who in times of great peril is called upon to help save the country from its enemies. St David is the patron saint of Wales, St Andrew of Scotland and St Patrick of Ireland - St George being the patron saint of England. [PAR] But who was St. George, and what did he do to become England\u2019s Patron Saint? [PAR] Very little is known about St. George\u2019s life, but it is thought he was a high ranking officer in the Roman army who was killed in around AD 303. [PAR] It seems that the Emperor Diocletian had St. George tortured to make him deny his faith in Christ. However despite some of the most terrible torture even for that time, St George showed incredible courage and faith and was finally beheaded near Lydda in Palestine. His head was later taken to Rome where it was interred in the church dedicated to him. [PAR] Stories of his strength and courage soon spread throughout Europe. The best-known story about St. George is his fight with a dragon, but it is highly unlikely that he ever fought a dragon, and even more unlikely that he ever visited England, however his name was known there as early as the eighth-century. [PAR] In the Middle Ages the dragon was commonly used to represent the Devil. Unfortunately the many legends connected with St. George\u2019s name are fictitious, and the slaying of the \u2018Dragon\u2019 was first credited to him in the 12th century. [PAR] St. George, so the story goes, killed a dragon on the flat topped Dragon Hill in Uffington, Berkshire, and it is said that no grass grows where the dragon\u2019s blood trickled down! [PAR] It was probably the 12th century Crusaders however who first invoked his name as an aid in battle. [PAR] King Edward III made him the Patron Saint of England when he formed the Order of the Garter in St. George's name in 1350, and the cult of the Saint was further advanced by King Henry V , at the battle of Agincourt in northern France. [PAR] Shakespeare made sure that nobody would forget St. George, and has King Henry V finishing his pre-battle speech with the famous phrase, \u2018Cry God for Harry, England and St. George!\u2019 [PAR] King Henry himself, who was both warlike and devout, was thought by his followers to possess many of the saint\u2019s characteristics. [PAR] The Tomb of St George, Lod, Israel [PAR] In England St. George\u2019s Day is celebrated, and his flag flown, on his feast day, April 23rd. [PAR] An interesting piece of trivia - Shakespeare was born on St. George\u2019s Day 1564, and if the story is to be believed, died on St. George\u2019s Day 1616. [PAR] An appropriate end perhaps for the man who helped to immortalise the Saint in English tradition."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Official Chart Flashback 2003: Black Eyed Peas \u2013 Where Is ... Official Chart Flashback 2003: Black Eyed Peas \u2013 Where Is The Love? [PAR] 11 October 2013 [PAR] Official Chart Flashback 2003: Black Eyed Peas \u2013 Where Is The Love? [PAR] It\u2019s ten years since the world was first introduced to will.i.am, Fergie, apl.de.ap and Taboo, with a little help from Justin Timberlake. [PAR] Google + [PAR] It\u2019s ten years since the world was first introduced to will.i.am, Fergie, apl.de.ap and Taboo, with a little help from Justin Timberlake. [PAR] Back in 2003, you could almost be forgiven for blurting out an astonished \u201cWho?\u201d on learning an act called Black Eyed Peas had gone straight in at Number 1 with their single Where Is The Love? While they weren\u2019t a new act, the Peas\u2019 previous chart experiences had been a couple of showings in the lower reaches of the Top 40. It wasn\u2019t until the band recruited velvet-tonsilled Fergie into the throng that they started out on the road to an array of pop hits. [PAR] By the time Where Is The Love? was released, Black Eyed Peas were in big need of a hit, and who better to help them have one than Justin Timberlake , who was in the middle of a fantastic year enjoying hit after hit off his debut album Justified. He lent his vocals to the chorus of Where Is The Love? but didn\u2019t want any of the limelight \u2013 he wasn\u2019t officially credited and was absent from the track\u2019s video. Perhaps he had to wait in that day for a fridge to be delivered, we\u2019re not sure. The hype surrounding the song took it straight to Number 1, knocking the one and only Elton John off the top , no less (imagine the outrage at Elton-Furnish Towers). But this was no flash in the pan \u2013 the track sat pretty at Number 1 for an astonishing six weeks. [PAR] Where Is The Love? was just the beginning for the band. It sold over 625,000 copies in 2003 to finish as the biggest selling single of the year, and has gone on to shift 927,000 copies in total. In fact, over 35,000 of you have bought it this year alone, which just goes to cement its status as a classic. The hits would keep coming, but it would be almost another six years before they hit the top spot again, enjoying a consecutive run with Boom Boom Pow, I Gotta Feeling and Meet Me Halfway. A further Number 1, The Time (Dirty Bit), would follow in 2010. Fergie and will.i.am would also have considerable solo success. Fergie managed a Number 1 with David Guetta and will has so far had three Number 1s, his most notable being Scream & Shout, which showcased Britney Spears doing her very best Kate Middleton impression for the first time. [PAR] Watch the video for Where Is The Love? before we wander through the rest of the Top 5 from this week in 2003. [PAR] In runner-up position was Rachel Stevens , former S Club chanteuse striking out on her own with Sweet Dreams My LA Ex, a very much more than brilliant pop tune which was penned by '90s pop ledge Cathy Dennis with Britney Spears in mind. Justin's Cry Me A River had hinted pretty strongly that Britney was to blame for the sweethearts' break-up, but Miss Spears decided silence was the best response and turned the track down. Sweet Dreams was spending its third week in the Top 3, but would sadly never make it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australia's Cities, States and Territories - Tourism Australia Australian Cities, States and Territories - Tourism Australia [PAR] Add [PAR] Share [PAR] Mainland Australia is the world\u2019s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. [PAR] [PAR] What are Australia's cities, states and territories? [PAR] Mainland Australia is the world\u2019s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. [PAR] Australian Capital Territory [PAR] The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) bounds the national capital of Canberra and is the centre of government. The Australian Capital Territory is located approximately 290 kilometres (180 miles) south of Sydney, and is home to a number of important national institutions, including Parliament House, the Australian War Memorial and the National Gallery of Australia. [PAR] New South Wales [PAR] New South Wales (NSW) is Australia\u2019s oldest and most populous state. New South Wales was originally settled as a penal colony on the shores of Port Jackson where the bustling capital city of Sydney now stands. Sydney is the nation\u2019s largest city and is renowned for its idyllic beaches, great walks and world-class dining. New South Wales is also home to popular attractions including the Blue Mountains and the Hunter Valley wine region. [PAR] Northern Territory [PAR] At the top end of Australia lies the Northern Territory (NT). Darwin , on the northern coast, is the capital, and Alice Springs is the principal inland town. Alice Springs is the physical heart of Australia, almost exactly at the nation's geographical centre. The Northern Territory is home to the famous Uluru (Ayers Rock), Kata Tjuta (the Olgas) and Kakadu National Park . [PAR] Queensland [PAR] Queensland (QLD) is Australia\u2019s second-largest state (in size) and is home to the world famous Great Barrier Reef , the world\u2019s most extensive subtropical rainforest and the beautiful Queensland Islands \u2013 including the World Heritage-listed Fraser Island . Brisbane is the state\u2019s capital; it enjoys more winter sunshine and warmth than most Australian cities and is perfect for outdoor activities and water sports. [PAR] South Australia [PAR] South Australia (SA) sits in the southern central part of the country, and covers some of the most arid parts of the continent. The state\u2019s capital is Adelaide and is a great base for exploring the Barossa wineries, the Flinders Ranges and Kangaroo Island . South Australia has a thriving arts scene and is known as the \u2018Festival State\u2019, with more than 500 events and festivals taking place there each year. [PAR] Tasmania [PAR] Tasmania (TAS) is separated from mainland Australia by the Bass Strait and is the smallest state in Australia. The capital, Hobart , was founded in 1804 as a penal colony, and is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. One-fifth of Tasmania is covered by national parks and wilderness \u2013 abundant in driving routes and walking trails \u2013 and it is one of the world\u2019s most mountainous islands. [PAR] Victoria [PAR] Victoria (VIC) is the smallest of the mainland states in size but is home to the country\u2019s second most populated city, Melbourne . Often referred to as the nation\u2019s cultural capital, Melbourne is famed for its graffiti laneways, fashion-forward boutiques and booming caf\u00e9 scene. Victorians' enthusiasm for sport is also legendary and this is where Australian Rules football began. The only thing more sacred than the footy is Melbournians love of coffee, and here you\u2019ll find some of Australia\u2019s best flat whites, cappuccinos and piccolo lattes. [PAR] Western Australia [PAR] Western Australia (WA) is Australia\u2019s largest state and is a place of true contrasts:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three Kings (1999) - IMDb Three Kings (1999) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, 4 soldiers set out to steal gold that was stolen from Kuwait, but they discover people who desperately need their help. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Check out India Spotlight [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 10 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 23 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 30 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 19 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Three Kings \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 8 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A small group of adventurous American soldiers in Iraq at the end of the Gulf War are determined to steal a huge cache of gold reputed to be hidden somewhere near their desert base. Finding a map they believe will take them to the gold, they embark on a journey that leads to unexpected discoveries, enabling them to rise to a heroic challenge that drastically changes their lives. Written by imran [PAR] It's good to be kings See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for graphic war violence, language and some sexuality | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 1 October 1999 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Spoils of War See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] $15,847,636 (USA) (1 October 1999) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] During the editing stages, David O. Russell attended a fund raiser for George W. Bush at a Warner Bros. executive's house. Russell walked up to Bush and said, \"Hi, I'm editing a film that will question your father's legacy in Iraq.\" Bush shot back, \"Well I guess I'm going to have to go back there and finish the job.\" See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The way \"Chief\" (Elgin) and Conrad are holding hands changes from shot to shot. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Troy Barlow : Are we shooting? [PAR] Soldier: What? [PAR] Troy Barlow : Are we shootin' people or what? [PAR] Soldier: Are we shooting? [PAR] Troy Barlow : That's what I'm asking you! [PAR] Soldier: What's the answer? [PAR] For Sergeant Major Jim Parker, 1946 - 1998 See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] (Southampton, England) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] A film for anyone who ever relishes the triumphal note of western war films, who gets carried away by the moral high of being on the winning side. For those who saw the good in the Gulf War, saw how many people America helped and was proud to live in the Western world. [PAR] Three Kings is an anti-war film. Its opening scenes are not the declaration of war, but soldiers celebrating its end. Then coming to grips with its consequences. [PAR] Of course, Saddam Hussein is depicted in the customary role of the villain,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Stained Blue Dress of Monica Lewinsky that Almost Lost ... The Stained Blue Dress of Monica Lewinsky that Almost Lost a Presidency [PAR] FBI ANALYSIS OF SEMEN STAIN [PAR] The Story Behind the Dress [PAR] In November 1997, Monica Lewinsky told her confidant and supposed friend, Linda Tripp, that she had in her possession a blue Gap dress that still bore the semen stain that resulted from her administering oral sex to President Clinton in February of that year. [PAR] Tripp called her literary agent, and fellow Clinton-hater, Lucianne Goldberg to report the news that evidence existed in Lewinsky's closet that could prove a sexual relationship between Monica and the President. Goldberg and Tripp, according to published reports in both Time and Newsweek, discussed stealing the dress and turning it over to investigators. Goldberg admitted having such a discussion with Tripp, calling it a \"Nancy Drew fantasy.\" [PAR] In late November, Lewinsky mentioned to Tripp that she intended to have the dress, which she had been saving a souvenir, dry-cleaned for a family event. Tripp, anxious to preserve the dress to nail the President, discouraged her from doing so. \"I would tell my own daughter,\" Tripp told her, that she should save the dress \"for your own ultimate protection\" should she later be accused of lying about the affair with Clinton. When Lewinsky expressed skepticism that it would ever come to that, Tripp told her that the dress made her look \"really fat\" and she shouldn't wear it again in public. [PAR] In late July, 1998, Lewinsky turned the dress over to Kenneth Starr's investigators after signing an immunity agreement. A blood sample was taken from Clinton on August 3, and on August 17, the FBI reported its conclusion that Clinton was the source of the semen on the dress \"to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty.\" [PAR] When news of the the existence of the dress surfaced in published reports in early August, politicians and commentators alike agreed that the blue dress proved Clinton lied when he denied a sexual relationship with Lewinsky. Senator Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) called the evidence \"very critical.\" Senator Arlen Spector (R-Pa) agreed that it would be \"the most powerful kind of corroboration\" of an affair. A George Washington law professor, Jonathan Turley, appearing on \"Meet the Press\" said of the semen stain: \"No one will be able to spin him out of that.\" [PAR] FBI: August 3, 1998 Note on Taking of President's Blood [PAR] FBI Acknowledgement of Receipt of Dress and Blood Sample [PAR] August 17, 1998 FBI Report on Analysis of Stain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Valentines Day Declared Official Holiday - FreeServers Valentines Day Declared Official Holiday [PAR] valentines day declared official holiday [PAR] Why do we celebrate Valentine's Day ? [PAR] Valentines Day question: What year was valentines day declared an official holiday ? Can you answer this question? [PAR] Valentine's Day Trivia & Facts [PAR] In Finland Valentine's Day . What ever gave you the idea that Henry VII declared Valentine's Day an official holiday ? Sorry, that happened long after Henry [PAR] valentines day trivia, information about valentine day [PAR] Holiday ,St. Valentine's Day ,Christmas,Birthday,Independence Day . Holidays [PAR] Valentine's Day Trivia - Valentines Day Facts - Valentines Day [PAR] The Public Holiday Law of 1948 establishes which occasions are declared a legal holiday . It became an official holiday in 1948, although earlier it was celebrated as a Valentine's Day is celebrated in Japan on February 14th. [PAR] valentines day became official holiday - Bz.tc Free Webhosting [PAR] It wasn't until 1537 that St. Valentine's Day was declared an official holiday . England's King Henry VIII declared February 14th a holiday in 1537 for the [PAR] List of Philippine National Holidays in Year 2011 | I am Jammed [PAR] They built a fence around the graveyard with an entry arch and declared it a Union graveyard. and was not declared the official name by Federal law until 1967. It runs on the Sunday preceding the Memorial Day holiday . .... Susan B . Anthony Day \u2022 Thanksgiving \u2022 Truman Day \u2022 Valentine's Day \u2022 Veterans Day [PAR] Offical Holiday Valentines [PAR] It wasn't until 1537 that St. Valentine's day was declared an official holiday . England's King Henry VIII, known for his ways of disposing of wives, [PAR] How the Japanese Celebrate their Holidays Throughout their [PAR] 10 Nov 2010 November 16 Declared National Non-Working Holiday .... Ray on Best Valentine's Day 2011 Guide to Hearty Celebration \u00b7 Best Valentine's Day [PAR] gulfnews : Thursday declared official holiday for private sector [PAR] Official Holiday . St. Valentine's Day was declared an official holiday in 1537 when England's King Henry VIII declared it for the first time. [PAR] Valentines official holiday [PAR] 13 Jan 2011 King Henry VIII of England declared Valentine's Day an official holiday in 1537. Valentine's Day is celebrated in the United Kingdom, [PAR] Make Your Own Holiday [PAR] Thanksgiving, how it became a national holiday , and the first proclaimation by Presiden George declared November 26, 1789, as a national day of \" thanksgiving and prayer. Valentine's Day Click here \u00b7 Chinese New Year Click here [PAR] Valentines Day Official Holiday , 2011 Calendar Australia | Public [PAR] 30 Jan 2011 2 Feb 2010 What year did king henry declare valentines day a holiday ? you the idea that Henry VII declared Valentine's Day an official [PAR] Year Valentines Declared Holiday [PAR] 13 Nov 2010 February 25, Friday \u2013 People Power Day, a non-working holiday in commemoration of the however, it was not declared a holiday this year (2010). Authority (LRTA) Schedule these Holidays \u00b7 Valentines ' Day Concerts [PAR] Family Activites, Events, & Holidays | Frugal & Unique Valentine's [PAR] It wasn't until 1537 that St. Valentine's Day was declared an official holiday . England's King Henry VIII declared February 14th a holiday in 1537 for the [PAR] Valentines Day Declared Official Holiday [PAR] It wasn't until 1537 that St. Valentine's Day was declared an official holiday . England's King Henry VIII declared February 14th a holiday .[DOC] [TLE] Year Valentines Declared Holiday - The Hosting for Designers Year Valentines Declared Holiday [PAR] year valentines"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] `Shakespeare' Best Picture but Spielberg Best Director `Shakespeare' Best Picture but Spielberg Best Director [PAR] `Shakespeare' Best Picture but Spielberg Best Director [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Join a Discussion on The Oscars [PAR] By BERNARD WEINRAUB [PAR] OS ANGELES -- In an upset, \"Shakespeare in Love\" was selected best picture Sunday night at the 71st annual Academy Awards, defeating Steven Spielberg's \"Saving Private Ryan,\" the favorite. [PAR] The Associated Press [PAR] Slide Show (14 photos) [PAR] Spielberg received the Oscar for best director, one of five Academy Awards for \"Saving Private Ryan,\" but the winner of the evening was \"Shakespeare,\" which gained seven Academy Awards, including best actress for Gwyneth Paltrow. [PAR] It was a sharp disappointment to executives at Dreamworks and Paramount, who produced \"Saving Private Ryan\" and had expected, like many in Hollywood, that the acclaimed World War II drama would win the Oscar. [PAR] The unexpected triumph of \"Shakespeare\" was especially sweet to Harvey Weinstein, the co-owner of Miramax, who lavished millions of dollars on a campaign promoting the the film in Hollywood trade papers and newspapers and who was criticized by Dreamworks for doing so and forcing Spielberg's company to spend more on its academy campaign. As late as this morning, most studio executives, producers and talent agents were convinced that the Spielberg film would win. [PAR] The other nominated films were \"Elizabeth,\" \"Life Is Beautiful\" and \"The Thin Red Line.\" [PAR] The top acting awards went to Ms. Paltrow and to Dame Judi Dench in a supporting role for \"Shakespeare in Love,\" Roberto Benigni as leading actor for \"Life Is Beautiful\" and James Coburn in a supporting role for \"Affliction.\" [PAR] But the most controversial and dramatic moment of the event was the honorary Oscar to Elia Kazan, the 89-year-old director of \"On the Waterfront\" and other classics. Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro presented the Oscar for lifetime achievement to Kazan, who named names before a Congressional panel investigating Communists in the entertainment business in 1952. [PAR] Despite concerns by academy officials that some members of the audience would protest, Kazan received a standing ovation. Some members of the audience, such as the actors Nick Nolte and Ed Harris, sat silent. Spielberg applauded but did not stand. [PAR] Kazan thanked the academy for its \"courage and generosity.\" After hugging Scorsese and De Niro, Kazan slowly walked offstage with his wife, Frances Kazan. [PAR] Whoopi Goldberg, the host, dominated the show with a myriad of costume changes, faintly off-color jokes (some at her own expense) and one-liners about Linda Tripp and Kenneth Starr. At the opening, Ms. Goldberg drew prolonged applause and laughter as she appeared in an elaborate Elizabethan gown. She paid tribute to the number of films nominated involving Shakespeare and Elizabeth I. [PAR] \"Some of the best actors in the world were nominated this year,\" said Ms. Goldberg. \"One or two of them were even American.\" [PAR] The stars of the evening were Ms. Paltrow and Benigni. Ms. Paltrow received the Oscar for \"Shakespeare\" and wept as she thanked colleagues and family members. Almost instantly, the award turned the 26-year-old actress into one of Hollywood's bigger stars. [PAR] Benigni won awards for best actor for his performance in \"Life Is Beautiful\" and also collected the foreign-language Oscar. The comedy-drama from Italy is about a man who seeks to protect his son from the Holocaust. [PAR] Sophia Loren presented Benigni with the foreign-language award. Benigni, who created the film, climbed over several seats and waved enthusiastically as he skipped onstage to accept the award. [PAR] \"This is too much -- your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Finding the Day of the Week Finding the Day of the Week [PAR] About [PAR] Finding the Day of the Week [PAR] When I was growing up way back in the '90s, I used to watch a show called \"Figure It Out.\" It was a sort of game show that would feature a kid with a special talent, and the celebrity panelists would have to, well, figure out what it was. On one episode, there was a boy who could tell you the day of the week that a given date fell on. I remember being absolutely amazed. I had no idea how he did it. [PAR] It turns out that it's quite easy to determine the day of the week from a given date. In fact, you can do it in your head with a little mental math and a few simple memorizations. Read on for a quick background on the algorithm. And don't worry: we'll get to the formula soon enough. [PAR] Overview of the Doomsday Algorithm [PAR] The method outlined here is called the Doomsday Algorithm. It's not the only way to find the day of the week of a given date, but it lends itself easily to memorization. Invented by mathematician John Horton Conway (born 1937), the algorithm takes advantage of the fact that in any given year, there are certain easy-to-remember dates that all happen to fall on the same day of the week. Conway referred to this special day of the week as the Doomsday. There are other methods which, with some more difficult memorization and twisting of numbers, will lead you directly to your answer. However, by finding a year's Doomsday first, you can easily find the weekday of any date in that year. [PAR] Besides the formula itself, all you need to memorize is a single Doomsday date for each month. Luckily, they're quite easy, and that's why the algorithm was based around them. In any given year, 4/4, 6/6, 8/8, 10/10, and 12/12 fall on the same day of the week -- the Doomsday. Conveniently, the last day of February (the 28th in a regular year or the 29th if it's a leap year) also falls on this day. It happens that 5/9, 9/5, 7/11, and 11/7 fall on the Doomsday as well. For those familiar with the 7-Eleven convenience store chain, a handy mnemonic for these months is, \"I work from 9 to 5 at the 7-11.\" Or you could simply remember that these are the odd-numbered months after March. [PAR] What about the remaining months, January and March? Like February, their Doomsday dates hinge on the leap day as well. If it's a common year (a non-leap year), then January 3 is the Doomsday; if it is a leap year, then January 4 is the Doomsday. (You might remember that for three years, it's the January 3rd, and every fourth year, it's January 4th.) As for March, the last day of February is usually considered March's Doomsday date as \"March 0.\" (Keep in mind that a leap year is a year that is divisible by four: a year when we have the Summer Olympics and the US Presidential election. The exception to the rule is that years divisible by 100 but not 400 are common years: thus, 1700, 1800, and 1900 were not leap years, but 1600 and 2000 were.) [PAR] So, to review, these are the only Doomsday dates you need to remember: [PAR] Month [PAR] ...2000s, 2400s, 2800s... [PAR] Tuesday (remember: \"Y-Tue-K\") [PAR] The two you will probably need to know the most are those"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Could it be Darren Clarke v Davis Love III for the 2016 ... Could it be Darren Clarke v Davis Love III for the 2016 Ryder Cup? | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Could it be Darren Clarke v Davis Love III for the 2016 Ryder Cup? [PAR] Ewan Murray [PAR] Clarke looks nailed on to be Europe\u2019s captain at next year\u2019s Ryder Cup but the USA may yet choose a leader for Hazeltine from left field [PAR] Darren Clarke is favourite to become Europe's captain at Hazeltine in 2016 and has the backing of most players. Photograph: Ross Kinnaird/Getty Images [PAR] Contact author [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The Ryder Cup hiatus, which has stretched to almost five months, will end on Wednesday when Europe\u2019s captain for next year\u2019s meeting with the United States at Hazeltine will be named. [PAR] Darren Clarke is the overwhelming favourite to succeed Paul McGinley in seeking to continue a terrific European run in the event. In short, it would rank as a major shock if Clarke is not given the nod by the five-man selection panel but, because the gathering inside the Wentworth Club\u2019s Ryder Cup Room will make the first and last meeting of that committee and a vote must be taken, there cannot be certainty. History tells us that politics can play a part in these affairs, despite the streamlining of the selection process. [PAR] Miguel \u00c1ngel Jim\u00e9nez is apparently the only legitimate alternative to Clarke, with Thomas Bjorn a long-shot outsider. Colin Montgomerie, McGinley, David Howell, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Olaz\u00e1bal and the outgoing European Tour chief executive, George O\u2019Grady, are the men to make the call. An announcement is expected in the afternoon. [PAR] Unlike the USA team, recent glories mean Europe are not in need of anything revolutionary, rather someone who can take forward the template that has proved so fruitful in recent times. [PAR] Clarke\u2019s appeal is obvious. The 2011 Open champion has enjoyed a successful Ryder Cup spell as player and vice-captain. Crucially, he has commanded the public support of the people who should matter most in the event \u2013 the players. Rory McIlroy, Graeme McDowell, Justin Rose, Ian Poulter and Martin Kaymer are among those who have backed the Clarke cause. After his belated Open success, Ryder Cup captaincy was the next obvious step for Clarke, a matter which will not have been lost on the man himself. [PAR] The case for Jim\u00e9nez is tougher to make. For all he is depicted as something of a jolly inspiration to middle-aged men who enjoy wine and cigars, there is little to actually suggest he could command the necessary level of respect as a captain. Jim\u00e9nez rarely communicates publicly in English, especially to the media. When he does, a language barrier \u2013 deliberate or otherwise \u2013 is apparent. [PAR] In the context of the venue, Clarke commands more respect from US golf followers than Jim\u00e9nez. Partly that is because of the blunt reality that Clarke has enjoyed the more impressive playing career on the big stage, despite the admirable longevity of Jim\u00e9nez. [PAR] And yet, it is unquestionable that the Europe captaincy should not remain the want of golfers from Great Britain and Ireland, as has been the case for too long. It is that which makes the Jim\u00e9nez candidacy intriguing, a point which certainly will not be lost on Olaz\u00e1bal. [PAR] McGinley and Clarke, having once been close friends, have suffered a more recent breakdown in their relationship, but McGinley has always been adamant he will do what is best for team rather than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paper roses - YouTube Paper roses - YouTube [PAR] Paper roses [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 5, 2014 [PAR] Paper roses.\"Paper Roses\" is a popular song written by Fred Spielman and Janice Torre which was a hit in 1960 for Anita Bryant with Monty Kelly's Orchestra and Chorus and later for Marie Osmond in 1973. [PAR] Anita Bryant's version of \"Paper Roses\" was originally released in 1960 as a single b/w \"Mixed Emotions\" (Carlton 528) and was the opening track on her 1961 album Hear Anita Bryant In Your Home Tonight! (Carlton STLP 12/127), recorded in \"Provocative Stereo.\" \"Paper Roses\" was Bryant's biggest hit on the Billboard Pop chart, peaking at No. 5 in 1960. Bryant continued to release singles following \"Paper Roses\"' success. Although Bryant had hits that reached the Top 40 again, she never had another hit as big as \"Paper Roses.\" [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii - Feb 14, 1779 - HISTORY.com Captain Cook killed in Hawaii - Feb 14, 1779 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii [PAR] Author [PAR] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On February 14, 1779, Captain James Cook, the great English explorer and navigator, is murdered by natives of Hawaii during his third visit to the Pacific island group. [PAR] In 1768, Cook, a surveyor in the Royal Navy, was commissioned a lieutenant in command of the HMS Endeavor and led an expedition that took scientists to Tahiti to chart the course of the planet Venus. In 1771, he returned to England, having explored the coast of New Zealand and Australia and circumnavigated the globe. Beginning in 1772, he commanded a major mission to the South Pacific and during the next three years explored the Antarctic region, charted the New Hebrides, and discovered New Caledonia. In 1776, Cook sailed from England again as commander of the HMS Resolution and Discovery, and in January 1778 he made his first visit to the Hawaiian Islands. He may have been the first European to ever visit the island group, which he named the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his patrons, John Montague, the Earl of Sandwich. [PAR] Cook and his crew were welcomed by the Hawaiians, who were fascinated by the Europeans\u2019 ships and their use of iron. Cook provisioned his ships by trading the metal, and his sailors traded iron nails for sex. The ships then made a brief stop at Ni\u2019ihau and headed north to look for the western end of a northwest passage from the North Atlantic to the Pacific. Almost one year later, Cook\u2019s two ships returned to the Hawaiian Islands and found a safe harbor in Hawaii\u2019s Kealakekua Bay. [PAR] It is suspected that the Hawaiians attached religious significance to the first stay of the Europeans on their islands. In Cook\u2019s second visit, there was no question of this phenomenon. Kealakekua Bay was considered the sacred harbor of Lono, the fertility god of the Hawaiians, and at the time of Cook\u2019s arrival the locals were engaged in a festival dedicated to Lono. Cook and his compatriots were welcomed as gods and for the next month exploited the Hawaiians\u2019 good will. After one of the crewmen died, exposing the Europeans as mere mortals, relations became strained. On February 4, 1779, the British ships sailed from Kealakekua Bay, but rough seas damaged the foremast of the Resolution, and after only a week at sea the expedition was forced to return to Hawaii. [PAR] The Hawaiians greeted Cook and his men by hurling rocks; they then stole a small cutter vessel from the Discovery. Negotiations with King Kalaniopuu for the return of the cutter collapsed after a lesser Hawaiian chief was shot to death and a mob of Hawaiians descended on Cook\u2019s party. The captain and his men fired on the angry Hawaiians, but they were soon overwhelmed, and only a few managed to escape to the safety of the Resolution. Captain Cook himself was killed by the mob. A few days later, the Englishmen retaliated by firing their cannons and muskets at the shore, killing some 30 Hawaiians. The Resolution and Discovery eventually returned to England. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] A Deadly Valentines Day in Hawaii - Ukulele Mele On Maui A Deadly Valentines Day in Hawaii [PAR] Watch. Listen. Play. The Ukulele Mele Way [PAR] A Deadly Valentines Day in Hawaii [PAR] February"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kate Winslet - Biography - IMDb Kate Winslet - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Kate Winslet [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 147 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (108) | Personal Quotes (24) | Salary (6) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 6\u00bd\" (1.69 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Ask Kate Winslet what she likes about any of her characters, and the word \"ballsy\" is bound to pop up at least once. The British actress has made a point of eschewing straightforward pretty-girl parts in favor of more devilish damsels; as a result, she's built an eclectic resume that runs the gamut from Shakespearean tragedy to modern-day mysticism and erotica. [PAR] Kate Elizabeth Winslet was born in Reading, Berkshire, into a family of thespians -- parents Roger Winslet and Sally Anne Bridges-Winslet were both stage actors, maternal grandparents Oliver and Linda Bridges ran the Reading Repertory Theatre, and uncle Robert Bridges was a fixture in London's West End theatre district. Kate came into her talent at an early age. She scored her first professional gig at eleven, dancing opposite the Honey Monster in a commercial for a kids' cereal. She started acting lessons around the same time, which led to formal training at a performing arts high school. Over the next few years, she appeared on stage regularly and landed a few bit parts in sitcoms. Her first big break came at age 17, when she was cast as an obsessive adolescent in Heavenly Creatures (1994). The film, based on the true story of two fantasy-gripped girls who commit a brutal murder, received modest distribution but was roundly praised by critics. [PAR] Still a relative unknown, Winslet attended a cattle call audition the next year for Ang Lee 's Sense and Sensibility (1995). She made an immediate impression on the film's star, Emma Thompson , and beat out more than a hundred other hopefuls for the part of plucky Marianne Dashwood. Her efforts were rewarded with both a British Academy Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Winslet followed up with two more period pieces, playing the rebellious heroine in Jude (1996) and Ophelia in Kenneth Branagh 's Hamlet (1996). [PAR] The role that transformed Winslet from art house attraction to international star was Rose DeWitt Bukater, the passionate, rosy-cheeked aristocrat in James Cameron 's Titanic (1997). Young girls the world over both idolized and identified with Winslet, swooning over all that face time opposite heartthrob Leonardo DiCaprio and noting her refreshingly healthy, unemaciated physique. Winslet's performance also garnered a Best Actress nomination, making her the youngest actress to ever receive two Academy Award nominations. [PAR] After the swell of unexpected attention surrounding Titanic (1997), Winslet was eager to retreat into independent projects. Rumor has it that she turned down the lead roles in both Shakespeare in Love (1998) and Anna and the King (1999) in order to play adventurous soul searchers in Hideous Kinky (1998) and Holy Smoke (1999). The former cast her as a young single mother traveling through 1970s Morocco with her daughters in tow; the latter, as a zealous follower of a guru tricked into a \"deprogramming\" session in the Australian outback. The next year found her back in period dress as the Marquis de Sade's chambermaid and accomplice in Quills (2000). Kate holds the distinction of being the youngest actor ever honored with four Academy Award nominations (she received her fourth at age 29). As of 2016, she has been nominated for an Oscar seven times, winning one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of ... 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? - Liverpool Echo [PAR] News [PAR] 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? [PAR] 2. Which \u201cG\u201d is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Which \u201cG\u201d is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? [PAR] 3. For which series of films were the actors Kenneth Williams and Sid James best known? [PAR] 4. What is the name given to the largest bee in a hive? [PAR] 5. Which alternative word for the Devil is a Hebrew word with translates as \u201cLord Of The Flies\u201d? [PAR] 6. On which TV island might you have found actor Ricardo Montalban? [PAR] 7. Mozart\u2019s opera, which was a continuation of The Barber Of Seville, was called The Marriage Of . . . who? [PAR] 8. What is the nearest planet to the Sun? [PAR] 9. What was the name of the road sweeper played by Roger Lloyd-Pack in Only Fools And Horses? [PAR] 10. What connects the answers above? [PAR] 11. What was the nickname of the first Spice Girl to go solo? [PAR] 12. Which of the following events did Carl Lewis not win a gold medal for at the 1984 Olympics? Long Jump, 400m or 100m relay? [PAR] 13. Which two actors were nominated for best actor awards at the Oscars in 1991, both for playing wheelchair-bound characters? [PAR] 14. How is Eldrick Woods better known? [PAR] 15. Who did Iain Duncan Smith beat in September, 2001, to become the leader of the Conservative Party? [PAR] 16. Who was the main villain in the cartoon Wacky Races? [PAR] 17. When the band Hear\u2018say formed, who was the oldest member at 24? [PAR] 18. What is the name of the third book of the Bible? [PAR] 19. What was advertised with Eva Herzagovia using the slogan \u201chello boys\u201d? [PAR] 20. Which model gave birth to her daughter, Lola, in September, 2002? [PAR] 21. \u201cAll children, except one, grow up\u201d is the opening line from which famous story? [PAR] 22. How are Fizz, Milo, Jake and Bella better known collectively? [PAR] 23. What number on the Beaufort Scale represents a hurricane? [PAR] 24. In which film did Jodie Foster play a character called Tallulah? [PAR] 25. What is pathophobia the fear of? [PAR] 26. What was the title of the TV show Bonanza changed to? [PAR] 27. What mountain range is the natural habitat of the llama? [PAR] 28. What nationality was scientist Marie Curie? [PAR] 29. Who played the title role in the TV series Worzel Gummidge? [PAR] 30. Which toy was originally called the Pluto Platter when it was first introduced in 1957? [PAR] 1. Mama Mia; 2. Galileo; 3. Carry On; 4. Queen; 5. Beelzebub; 6. Fantasy; 7. Figaro; 8. Mercury; 9. Trigger; 10. The song Bohemian Rhapsody; 11. Ginger Spice; 12. 400m; 13. Tom Cruise (for Born On The Fourth Of July) and Daniel Day-Lewis (for My Left Foot); 14. Tiger Woods; 15. Ken Clarke; 16. Dick Dastardly; 17. Kym Marsh; 18. Leviticus; 19. The Wonderbra; 20. Kate Moss; 21. Peter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of ... 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? - Liverpool Echo [PAR] News [PAR] 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? [PAR] 2. Which \u201cG\u201d is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Which \u201cG\u201d is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? [PAR] 3. For which series of films were the actors Kenneth Williams and Sid James best known? [PAR] 4. What is the name given to the largest bee in a hive? [PAR] 5. Which alternative word for the Devil is a Hebrew word with translates as \u201cLord Of The Flies\u201d? [PAR] 6. On which TV island might you have found actor Ricardo Montalban? [PAR] 7. Mozart\u2019s opera, which was a continuation of The Barber Of Seville, was called The Marriage Of . . . who? [PAR] 8. What is the nearest planet to the Sun? [PAR] 9. What was the name of the road sweeper played by Roger Lloyd-Pack in Only Fools And Horses? [PAR] 10. What connects the answers above? [PAR] 11. What was the nickname of the first Spice Girl to go solo? [PAR] 12. Which of the following events did Carl Lewis not win a gold medal for at the 1984 Olympics? Long Jump, 400m or 100m relay? [PAR] 13. Which two actors were nominated for best actor awards at the Oscars in 1991, both for playing wheelchair-bound characters? [PAR] 14. How is Eldrick Woods better known? [PAR] 15. Who did Iain Duncan Smith beat in September, 2001, to become the leader of the Conservative Party? [PAR] 16. Who was the main villain in the cartoon Wacky Races? [PAR] 17. When the band Hear\u2018say formed, who was the oldest member at 24? [PAR] 18. What is the name of the third book of the Bible? [PAR] 19. What was advertised with Eva Herzagovia using the slogan \u201chello boys\u201d? [PAR] 20. Which model gave birth to her daughter, Lola, in September, 2002? [PAR] 21. \u201cAll children, except one, grow up\u201d is the opening line from which famous story? [PAR] 22. How are Fizz, Milo, Jake and Bella better known collectively? [PAR] 23. What number on the Beaufort Scale represents a hurricane? [PAR] 24. In which film did Jodie Foster play a character called Tallulah? [PAR] 25. What is pathophobia the fear of? [PAR] 26. What was the title of the TV show Bonanza changed to? [PAR] 27. What mountain range is the natural habitat of the llama? [PAR] 28. What nationality was scientist Marie Curie? [PAR] 29. Who played the title role in the TV series Worzel Gummidge? [PAR] 30. Which toy was originally called the Pluto Platter when it was first introduced in 1957? [PAR] 1. Mama Mia; 2. Galileo; 3. Carry On; 4. Queen; 5. Beelzebub; 6. Fantasy; 7. Figaro; 8. Mercury; 9. Trigger; 10. The song Bohemian Rhapsody; 11. Ginger Spice; 12. 400m; 13. Tom Cruise (for Born On The Fourth Of July) and Daniel Day-Lewis (for My Left Foot); 14. Tiger Woods; 15. Ken Clarke; 16. Dick Dastardly; 17. Kym Marsh; 18. Leviticus; 19. The Wonderbra; 20. Kate Moss; 21. Peter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sidney James - Biography - IMDb Sidney James - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Sidney James [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 54 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (24) | Salary (18) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The star of the Carry On series of films, Sid James originally came to prominence as sidekick to the ground breaking British comedy actor Tony Hancock, on both radio and then television. Born in Johannesburg, South Africa and named Solomon Joel Cohen, James arrived in England in 1946, second wife in tow, having served with the South African Army during World War 2. By now an aspiring actor, James claimed to have boxed in his youth, perhaps to explain his craggy features, but was certainly a well respected hairdresser in his native country. Known in the trade as \"one take James\", he became a very talented and professional actor, constantly in demand for small parts in British post-war cinema. In 1960 James debuted in the fourth of the Carry On films, taking the lead role in Carry on Constable (1960) and went on to appear in a further 18 Carry On films as well as various stage and television spin-offs. Reputed not to have got on with Carry On co-star Kenneth Williams , the two often played adversaries on-screen, notably in the historical parodies Carry On... Up the Khyber (1968) and Carry on Pimpernel (1967). James however was respected and revered by almost everyone he worked with and contrary to popular myth, a true gentleman. An addiction to gambling played a large part in James' workaholic schedule and subsequent heart attack in 1967. He was soon back in action however, playing a hospital patient in Carry on Doctor (1967), able to spend most of the film in bed. He suffered a second and fatal heart attack on stage in Sunderland, England on April 26 1976, leaving behind 3 children and his third wife Valerie who had stuck by him despite his affair with Carry On co-star Barbara Windsor , saying, \"He always came home to me\". [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: lyndseychris [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] ( 12 August 1936 - 1940) (divorced) (1 child) [PAR] Trade Mark (3) [PAR] The dirtiest laugh in film [PAR] Playing lecherous comedy characters [PAR] The adulterous characters he portrayed were inspired by events in his life. [PAR] Trivia (24) [PAR] Arrived in Britain on Dec 25th 1946, spending his army demob money on one-way tickets. Once described as \"The man with a face like an unmade bed!\". Voted (some time ago) to have the world's dirtiest laugh. [PAR] Career prior to acting was as a top ladies' hairdresser in South Africa. [PAR] Sid and Meg had a daughter Reine (named after Sid's mother) [PAR] Frequently remembered as a former boxer, but he never actually was! People got that impression that he had been a boxer from his craggy features and bulbous nose. [PAR] He is the father of Stephen James, a musician and sound technician who appeared on Fortran 5's debut album \"Blues\", in October 1991. The song \"Bike\" heavily sampled Sid's voice and distinctive laugh. Also, Sidney James' portrait appears on the album cover. [PAR] Collapsed and died on-stage of a heart attack while appearing in \"The Mating Game\" at the Empire Theatre, Sunderland. [PAR] Was the regular sidekick-cum-b\u00eate noir of Tony Hancock throughout the six series of the radio series \"Hancock's Half Hour\". Likewise, became Hancock's regular pal in the TV"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Devil looks like Obama in 'The Bible' - WND - A Free Press ... Devil looks like Obama in \u2018The Bible\u2019 [PAR] Print [PAR] Some are comparing Satan from \"The Bible\" TV miniseries with President Obama. [PAR] President Barack Obama, already famous for having flies attracted to his face, is now the subject of devilish talk after Sunday night\u2019s episode of \u201cThe Bible\u201d miniseries on the History Channel, with big names such as Glenn Beck and Rush Limbaugh providing their thoughts. [PAR] Twitter exploded with comments from viewers who noticed an eerie similarity between the face of Mr. Obama and that of the Satan character, played by actor Mehdi Ouzaani. [PAR] Media giant Glenn Beck was among the first to make the connection, tweeting, \u201cAnyone else think the Devil in #TheBible Sunday on History Channel looks exactly like That Guy?\u201d [PAR] Beck refers to Obama as \u201cthat guy,\u201d having vowed not to utter the name of the president in all of 2013. [PAR] Twitter user @Leah Christie, tweeted, \u201cOh my word\u2026watching The History Channel\u2019s The Bible\u2026does Satan look familiar to anyone else?\u201d [PAR] Other tweets include: [PAR] @Hunt4Photos: \u201cHistory channel/last night/show: The Bible. Why did Satan look just like President Obama? Pissed off man!\u201d [PAR] Slhappy Gilmore@KPOView: \u201cI was so excited about #TheBible as it\u2019s a way to bring it to life for all to see. But political statements like Satan=Obama, we lose.\u201d [PAR] Stephanie Jefferson@mittchick: \u201cI am so relieved to know that my eyes and mind were not playing tricks on me when I thought Satan resembled Obama in #TheBible\u201d [PAR] VictorJett Contreras@victorjett: WHA! Did the Bible miniseries on History Channel make the Devil look like Obama. Crazy. Ridiculous.\u201d [PAR] Rush Limbaugh held up a photo of the actor Monday afternoon on his famous \u201cDittocam\u201d to show viewers that the Satan character was \u201ca dead ringer\u201d for Obama. [PAR] \u201cFolks, it is uncanny,\u201d Limbaugh noted, before quipping, \u201cIn light of that picture \u2026 the question that sprang to everybody\u2019s mind is: if Satan had a son, would he look like the guy [in the White House]?\u201d [PAR] Find out everything you always wanted to know about the devil but were too afraid to ask in the autographed besteller, \u201cShocked by the Bible,\u201d or get \u201cShocked by the Bible\u201d bundled with Joe Kovacs\u2019 brand-new bestseller, \u201cThe Divine Secret.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThe Bible\u201d is a collaboration between Mark Burnett and his wife, actress Roma Downey. Burnett has contributed to Democrat candidates, including Obama in 2008 and the DNC in 2009, while he also produces Donald Trump\u2019s \u201cCelebrity Apprentice\u201d and was behind Sarah Palin\u2019s first reality effort. [PAR] \u201cThis is utter nonsense,\u201d Burnett and Downey said in a joint statement. \u201cThe actor who played Satan, Mehdi Ouzaani, is a highly acclaimed Moroccan actor. He has previously played parts in several biblical epics \u2013 including Satanic characters long before Barack Obama was elected as our president.\u201d [PAR] Downey added, \u201cBoth Mark and I have nothing but respect and love our president, who is a fellow Christian. False statements such as these are just designed as a foolish distraction to try and discredit the beauty of the story of \u2018The Bible.'\u201d [PAR] The History Channel adds in a statement: \u201cHistory Channel has the highest respect for President Obama. The series was produced with an international and diverse cast of respected actors. It\u2019s unfortunate that anyone made this false connection. History\u2019s \u2018The Bible\u2019 is meant to enlighten people on its rich stories and deep history.\u201d [PAR] Burnett told TMZ the devil has stirred the pot and created a false likeness between Obama and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ricardo Montalban dies at 88; 'Fantasy Island' actor - LA ... Ricardo Montalban dies at 88; 'Fantasy Island' actor - LA Times [PAR] Ricardo Montalban dies at 88; 'Fantasy Island' actor [PAR] Ricardo Montalban [PAR] Ricardo Montalban pictured in a 1950 MGM photo. [PAR] Ricardo Montalban pictured in a 1950 MGM photo. (MGM) [PAR] Lorenza Mu\u00f1oz [PAR] Ricardo Montalban, the suave leading man who was one of the first Mexican-born actors to make it big in Hollywood and who was best known for his role as Mr. Roarke on TV's \"Fantasy Island,\" has died. He was 88. [PAR] Montalban died Wednesday morning at his Los Angeles home of complications related to old age, said his son-in-law, Gilbert Smith. [PAR] Within the entertainment industry, Montalban was widely respected for his efforts to create opportunities for Latinos, although he and others believed that his activism hurt his career. In 1970, he founded the nonprofit Nosotros Foundation to improve the image and increase employment of Latinos in Hollywood. [PAR] \"He paved the way for being outspoken about the images and roles that Latinos were playing in movies,\" said Luis Reyes, co-author of \"Hispanics in Hollywood\" (2000). [PAR] On Wednesday, actor Edward James Olmos called Montalban \"one of the true giants of arts and culture.\" [PAR] \"He was a stellar artist and a consummate person and performer with a tremendous understanding of culture . . . and the ability to express it in his work,\" Olmos told The Times. [PAR] Montalban was already a star of Mexican movies in the 1940s when MGM cast him as a bullfighter opposite Esther Williams in \"Fiesta\" and put him under contract. He would go on to appear alongside such movie greats as Clark Gable and Lana Turner . [PAR] When major film roles dried up for him in the 1970s, he turned to stage and eventually TV, where he was familiar to millions as the mysterious host whose signature line, \u201cWelcome to Fantasy Island,\u201d opened the hit ABC show that aired from 1978 to 1984. [PAR] Mexican is not a nice-sounding word and Hollywood is at fault for this because we have been portrayed in this ungodly manner. \u2014 Ricardo Montalban [PAR] While \"Fantasy Island\" was renewing Montalban's career and giving him financial stability, he also won an Emmy for his performance as Chief Satangkai in the 1978 ABC miniseries \"How the West Was Won.\" [PAR] In the 1970s and '80s, Montalban was also familiar to TV viewers as a commercial spokesman for Chrysler. He was later widely spoofed for his silky allusion to the \u201csoft Corinthian leather\u201d of the Chrysler Cordoba, although no such leather existed. [PAR] While making \"Fantasy Island,\" Montalban also gave one of his best movie performances -- as Khan Noonien Singh in the \u201c Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan \u201d (1982), a follow-up to a beloved 1967 \u201cStar Trek\u201d television episode that also featured Montalban. [PAR] New Yorker magazine critic Pauline Kael said Montalban's performance as Khan \"was the only validation he has ever had of his power to command the big screen.\" [PAR] Born Nov. 25, 1920, in Mexico City, Montalban was the youngest of four children of Castilian Spaniards who had immigrated in 1906 to the city, where Montalban's father owned a dry goods store. [PAR] Montalban came to Los Angeles as a teenager with his oldest brother, Carlos, who had lived in the city and worked for the studios. [PAR] \"I felt as if I knew California already, because of the movies,\" Montalban said in \"Reflections: A Life in Two Worlds,\" the 1980 autobiography he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' with M\u00fcller-Brachmann ... Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' with M\ufffdller-Brachmann and Tatulescu from Budapest - Schedule // - www.worldconcerthall.com [PAR] Concert will begin at 18:00 hours GMT [PAR] Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' with M\ufffdller-Brachmann and Tatulescu from Budapest [PAR] Live stream [PAR] Live stream will be available right here at the beginning of the concert [PAR] Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' is an opera buffa with a libretto in Italian by Lorenzo Da Ponte, based on a stage comedy by Pierre Beaumarchais 'La folle journ\u00e9e, ou le Mariage de Figaro'. It is a continuation of the plot of The Barber of Seville several years later, and recounts a single 'day of madness' (la folle giornata) in the palace of the Count Almaviva near Seville, Spain. Performers: [PAR] Figaro: Hanno M\u00fcller-Brachmann. Susanna: Laura Tatulescu. Count Almaviva: Roman Trekel. Countess Almaviva: Miah Persson. Cherubino: Rachel Frenkel. Bartolo: Robert Lloyd. Marcellina: Ann Murray. Don Basilio and Don Curzio: Rodolphe Briand. Barbarina: Norma Nahoun. Antonio: Matteo Peirone. [PAR] Budapest Festival Orchestra. Conductor: Iv\u00e1n Fischer. [PAR] Your comment has been successfully submitted[DOC] [TLE] Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' from Montpellier ... Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' from Montpellier - Schedule // - www.worldconcerthall.com [PAR] Concert will begin at 18:30 hours GMT [PAR] Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' from Montpellier [PAR] Live stream [PAR] Live stream will be available right here at the beginning of the concert [PAR] Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' is an opera buffa (comic opera) composed in 1786, with a libretto in Italian by Lorenzo Da Ponte, based on a stage comedy by Pierre Beaumarchais, La folle journ\u00e9e, ou le Mariage de Figaro (1784). The Marriage of Figaro is a continuation of the plot of The Barber of Seville several years later, and recounts a single 'day of madness' (la folle giornata) in the palace of the Count Almaviva near Seville, Spain. Rosina is now the Countess; Dr. Bartolo is seeking revenge against Figaro for thwarting his plans to marry Rosina himself; and Count Almaviva has degenerated from the romantic youth of Barber into a scheming, bullying, skirt-chasing baritone. Performers: [PAR] Il Conte Almaviva: St\u00e9phane Degout. [PAR] La Contessa Almaviva: Erika Grimaldi. [PAR] Susanna: H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Guilmette."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planet Closest to the Sun - Universe Today Planet Closest to the Sun - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] Planet Closest to the Sun [PAR] Article Updated: 24 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Jerry Coffey [PAR] [/caption]Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, is a study in extremes and offers many surprises. The extremes of the planet have made it an understudied body in our Solar System, though the MESSENGER mission is trying to change that as you are reading this article. [PAR] In addition to being the planet closest to the Sun, Mercury is also the smallest by mass. If you ignore the former planet Pluto, it is also the smallest by surface area, as well. The planet has the most eccentric orbit: at perihelion it is 46,001,200 km from the Sun and at aphelion it is 69,816,900 km. The planet\u2019s short orbital period(87.969 Earth days) and slight axial tilt combine to make the day on Mercury(116 Earth days) longer than the year. [PAR] The average temperature on the planet is 442.5\u00b0K. Because of the planet\u2019s thin atmosphere there is a wide temperature range, 100\u00b0K to 700\u00b0K. The temperature at the equator can be as much as 300\u00b0K more than the temperature at the poles. Despite its proximity to our central star, the poles of the planet are thought to have water ice hidden within impact craters. Claims for water ice are substantiated by observations by the 70 m Goldstone telescope and the Very Large Array. There are areas of very high radar reflection at the pole areas so, since water is highly reflective of radar, astronomers believe that water ice is the most likely cause of this reflection. [PAR] Due to its size and average temperatures, the planet\u2019s gravity can not retain a significant atmosphere over a long period. It does have a negligible surface-bounded exosphere that is dominated by hydrogen, helium, oxygen, sodium, calcium, and potassium. Atoms are continuously being lost and replenished from this exosphere. Hydrogen and helium atoms are thought to derive from the solar wind that buffets the planet. These elements diffuse into Mercury\u2019s magnetosphere before escaping back into space. Radioactive decay within the crust is a source of helium, sodium, and potassium. [PAR] Mercury has been explored by two mission: Mariner 10 and MESSENGER. Mariner 10 was able to map 40-45% of Mercury\u2019s surface through more than 2,800 photos. It revealed a more or less moon-like surface, a slight atmosphere, a magnetic field, and a large iron rich core. MESSENGER was launched in August of 2004. After a 31/2 year flight, it made its first flyby in January 2008 and arrived in orbit on March 18, 2011. So far, the probe has discovered large amounts of water in the exosphere, evidence of past volcanic activity, and evidence of a liquid planetary core. [PAR] As the MESSENGER mission continues, the closest planet to the Sun should continue to reveal more surprises for the scientists at NASA. It appears a new age of discovery has begun for Mercury. [PAR] We have an extensive section just on Mercury on Universe Today. And did you know there\u2019s a spacecraft visiting Mercury called MESSENGER? You can read news about this mission here . [PAR] Here\u2019s a link to NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide on Mercury. [PAR] We have recorded an episode of Astronomy Cast just about the Sun called The Sun, Spots and All . [PAR] References:[DOC] [TLE] What is the closest planet to the sun? | Reference.com What is the closest planet to the sun? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the closest planet to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Lloyd-Pack, best known for loveable Trigger in Only ... Roger Lloyd-Pack, best known for loveable Trigger in Only Fools & Horses, has died (From The Bolton News) [PAR] Roger Lloyd-Pack, best known for loveable Trigger in Only Fools & Horses, has died [PAR] TRIGGER: Roger Lloyd-Pack [PAR] 3 comments [PAR] ONLY Fools and Horses star Roger Lloyd-Pack has died aged 69, his agent said. [PAR] The actor, best known for playing Trigger in the long-running comedy, died at home in London last night. [PAR] His agent, Maureen Vincent, said he had pancreatic cancer and had \"died at home surrounded by his family\". [PAR] Lloyd-Pack was born into an acting family in north London and his father Charles was a regular in Hammer horror films. [PAR] Although best-known for playing the dopey road-sweeper in Only Fools And Horses, Lloyd-Pack appeared in dozens of films and TV shows including a regular role as farmer Owen Newitt in The Vicar Of Dibley. [PAR] Father Ted creator Graham Linehan was among those paying tribute online. [PAR] He said: \"Very sad news about Roger Lloyd Pack. Trigger was an ancestor to Father Dougal and I'm glad I once had a chance to tell him so.\" [PAR] Lloyd-Pack was also a successful stage actor, appearing regularly at Shakespeare's Globe in central London, but knew he would always be best known as Trigger. [PAR] In a 2012 interview with the Guardian, he said: \"People will never stop shouting \"Trigger!\" at me in the street. The other day I jumped some lights on my bike because someone was hollering at me. A police van pulled me over, and when I stopped they also shouted: \"Trigger!\". It can be very annoying.\" [PAR] He was also politically active and a prominent campaigner for left-wing causes in the capital. [PAR] Lloyd-Pack's daughter Emily shot to fame in the 1987 film Wish You Were Here before stepping back from the celebrity limelight after struggling with health issues. [PAR] John Challis, best known as Boycie in Only Fools, said: \"I spoke to Roger two days ago. Roger said it was a bit awkward to talk at that particular moment. It is very sad and very distressing. [PAR] \"My thoughts are with his family. He was a remarkable man and he'll be missed. Roger is irreplaceable. It's a very sorry day.\" [PAR] Sir David Jason told of his \"fondness\" for his sitcom co-star and described him as a fine actor. [PAR] He said: \"I was very saddened to hear of Roger's passing. He was a very quiet, kind and unassuming actor who was a pleasure to work with. [PAR] \"Although he played the simple soul of Trigger in Only Fools And Horses, he was a very intelligent man and a very fine actor capable of many roles. I shall remember him with fondness and for all the good times we had together.\" [PAR] Shane Allen, the BBC's controller of comedy commissioning, said: \"The nation bids a fond and sad farewell to one of the most popular television sitcom actors of his generation. [PAR] \"Roger Lloyd-Pack enjoyed a long and successful career which spanned everything from the hugely iconic Trigger to roles in Shakespeare at The Globe. [PAR] \"He will be greatly missed and his work will live on for many years to come. Our thoughts are with his loved ones.\"[DOC] [TLE] Roger Lloyd-Pack, best known for loveable Trigger in Only ... Roger Lloyd-Pack, best known for loveable Trigger in Only Fools & Horses, has died (From York Press) [PAR] Roger Lloyd-Pack, best known for loveable Trigger in Only Fools & Horses,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: May 2008 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: May 2008 [PAR] Macclesfield Pub Quiz League [PAR] Wednesday, May 28, 2008 [PAR] THE FINAL FOR THE CUP [PAR] 1 Which American poet wrote the lines Candy/ Is dandy/ But liquor/ Is quicker and later added the lines Pot/ Is not? [PAR] Ogden Nash (Original from 1931, the last lines added by Nash in 1968) [PAR] 2 Which archipelagic nation consists of over 7,000 islands, the largest of which are Luzon and Mindanao? [PAR] The Philippines (7,107 islands to be precise) [PAR] 3 Which London theatre has the same name as a silvery white metal with atomic number 46? [PAR] Palladium [PAR] 4 Which murderer used the false name John Robinson whilst trying to escape to Quebec on the SS Montrose with his mistress? [PAR] Dr Crippen (After the murder of his wife Cora) [PAR] 5 What is the name of the MP for Crewe and Nantwich who died in April 2008? [PAR] Gwyneth Dunwoody [PAR] 6 Complete the Monopoly set \u2013 Piccadilly, Coventry Street and...? [PAR] Leicester Square [PAR] 7 Which major New York street intersects with Broadway at Times Square? [PAR] 42nd Street [PAR] 8 Which composer is buried adjacent to the organ in Westminster Abbey? [PAR] Henry Purcell [PAR] 9 If you were reading a book published by Fodor\u2019s, what would the subject be? [PAR] Travel (World\u2019s largest English language publisher of travel / tourism info) [PAR] 10 Two famous people met at Ujiji near the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania on the 10th of November 1871. Name either. [PAR] Sir Henry Morton Stanley or Dr David Livingstone (\"Dr. Livingstone, I presume..?\u201d) [PAR] 11 Which office, currently held by Martin Rees, has also been held by John Flamsteed and Edmond Halley? [PAR] Astronomer Royal (Flamsteed was the first in 1675 and was followed by Halley) [PAR] 12 What is the name of the ship\u2019s Captain who is the subject of Herman Wouk\u2019s novel (and later film) The Caine Mutiny? [PAR] Captain Queeg [PAR] 13 At the end of which famous race is the slowest finisher awarded the title Lanterne Rouge or Red Lantern? [PAR] The Tour de France (It refers to the red lights on the last carriage of a train which indicate that no wagon has been lost). [PAR] 14 In Norse mythology, who or what is Yggdrasil? [PAR] The Tree of the World, a great Ash tree that connects the Norse cosmos together. (Tree is what we are after\u2026) [PAR] 15 Which American singer, known as the \u201cCry Guy\u201d or the \u201cNabob of Sob\u201d, had a Number 1 UK hit with Just Walking in the Rain in 1956? [PAR] Johnnie Ray [PAR] 16 Which American artist, whose most famous works were numbered rather than named, died at the age of 44 when he crashed his car whilst drunk in New York in 1956? [PAR] Jackson Pollock [PAR] 17 What is the name of the strait between India and Sri Lanka? [PAR] The Palk Strait [PAR] 18 What word is used to describe a person who dies without having made a will? [PAR] Intestate (Do not accept \u201cDead\u201d!) [PAR] 19 What name is given to a series of pictures apparently made by random ink blots which is used as a means of psychological testing? [PAR] The Rorschach Test [PAR] 20 The novel Oil! by Upton Sinclair was the inspiration for a successful 2007 film featuring a leading character called Daniel Plainview. What is the film\u2019s title? [PAR] There Will Be Blood (Daniel Day-Lewis stars as Plainview) [PAR] 21 Which Pope died in 1978"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Split of Union and League - Rugby Football History Rugby Football History [PAR] All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies [PAR] Rules on amateurism [PAR] The earliest strictures against professionalism came from the Yorkshire committee in 1879, when, in response to the influx of working class players and their expectations of payment following the start of the Yorkshire Cup in 1877, they adopted the MCC\u2019s regulations on amateurism. These rules made it clear that a \"gentleman\u201d who found himself out of pocket could legitimately claim expenses [PAR] 1 [PAR] . It is also worth noting that Yorkshire and Lancashire representatives formed the majority of the committee which drew up the RFU\u2019s first amateurism rules in 1886. [PAR] Since many of the clubs in the North of England were either started by industrialists or well supported by them. Players were often allowed to leave work early on a Saturday to play without any deduction of pay. Inducements were made to players from other parts of the country to come and play for local teams. Furthermore, the huge match attendances and public support for the game in Lancashire and Yorkshire resulting in some local games getting audiences larger than Internationals held in London. All of this fueled what became know as \"Veiled Professionalism\". [PAR] In 1892/3 the leading gate taking clubs in the North formed leagues, they also operated a longer season, trained their players more thoroughly before key games by means of professional trainers and even introduced special diets for players. All of this was not viewed favorably by the more laid-back South and was seen as a pre-cursor to professionalism. [PAR] By 1893 reports of some players in the North of England receiving payments for playing were reaching the Rugby Union on a regular basis. One early incident of note was the professional of David and Evan James on March 29th, 1893. The brothers were both Welsh internationals and played for Broughton Rovers. Both were suspended from the union but the club went unpunished due to no evidence of its complicity. [PAR] The South were also not beyond reproach, also inducing players to come to clubs (Poaching) and the RFU itself turned a blind eye to evidence of professionalism when it suited it e.g. as stated by Collins [PAR] 1 [PAR] , \"it took no action whatsoever against the returning 1888 tourists, despite publicly available evidence that they were being paid, in order to protect Stoddart.\" [PAR] Although the North and South were often in dispute over other issues, they did appear to be united against professionalism in principle, so the idea of a North/South divide as the prime reason for the split appears to be inaccurate. The problem of how to define professionalism i.e. what was acceptable compensation and what not, indeed how to identify whether unacceptable practice had taken place at all. [PAR] Committee of enquiry [PAR] Following a complaint from the Cumberland County Union that another club had lured one of their players away with monetary incentives. The Union established a committee of enquiry consisting of F. I. Currey, W. Cail and A. M. Crook which attempted to obtain evidence. The rugby union was warned that if the club involved was punished, all the chief clubs in Lancashire and Yorkshire, from which a large proportion of international players were drawn, would secede from the Union. [PAR] The matter came to a head at a general meeting of the rugby union on September 20th, 1893 at the Westminster Palace Hotel. At that meeting a proposal was made by J."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hockey Pucks & Balls - Ice Hockey Helmets & Gloves Pucks & Balls - Accessories [PAR] Accessories [PAR] NHL Fan Packs [PAR] Hockey Pucks and Hockey Balls [PAR] HockeyMonkey.com gives you the edge with the best pucks and balls designed for optimal performance in the street and on the ice. Whether you buy an NHL Official Black Ice Hockey Puck , training puck , or practice pucks , you feel confident knowing you have the ultimate in accuracy, precision and control. HockeyMonkey has the largest supply of hockey gear for your game and the most durable puck bags by CCM , A & R, and Warrior . [PAR] For the hockey player who needs to challenge his skills all the time, the Turbo Puck is what you want. The materials used on the turbo inserts make the Turbo Puck move quickly and accurately from point to point in the street and on the ice, and allows the player to feel the puck better on their stick for more accurate passes. [PAR] If roller hockey is what you play, get the Sonic Inline Puck , it is perfectly balanced to help you reach the next level of stick handling, shooting and scoring. HockeyMonkey is also proud to stock the Mission Zero-G ! The ultimate inline hockey puck! [PAR] If what you need to play is Official League hockey balls, street hockey balls, or soft hockey balls, you find them here by top makers like Reebok, Encore, Warrior, Sonic, Mission, Viceroy, A & R and CCM. [PAR] Why go anywhere else when everything you need is right here on our easy to navigate website HockeyMonkey.com. Check often for new arrivals, blow out clearance specials, and awesome promotions! [PAR] Monkeysports has what you need to play!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mahjong. Play a free MahJongg solitaire tiles game online ... Mahjong. Play a free MahJongg solitaire tiles game online. Chinese towers board game. [PAR] Mahjong Solitaire [PAR] [09.1] (Size 81k - Flash games require Flash Plug in) [PAR] This Mahjong Solitaire will load in a new window that you can enlarged to full screen. [PAR] Play also the solitaire game Hexagon Mah Jongg . [PAR] The objective of the game Mahjong (also written or known as mah-jongg, mahjongg, mijang, Taipei, Morejongg, Mindjongg, etc.), is to eliminate all pieces from the board. Find matching pairs of images at the left and right ends of the lines at the various pyramid levels. [PAR] After playing few games you, the player, will start developing a technique to play better games and eliminate more pieces from the board. The elimination of some pieces will open more possibilities than others; it is part of the fun to develop the skill to \"clean\" the board game. [PAR] This MahJong game will tell you when no more moves are possible; this means not always is possible to eliminate all pieces from the board, I think (?). [PAR] Click on the Circle restart for a new game. [PAR] The original Mahjong is an ancient Chinese game played with similar pieces but under a different concept. The original game is played with 136, 144, 152 or more thick tiles of bone and bamboo, usually by four people. There are various sites in the Internet dedicated to the ancient game Mahjong. You will find clubs, competitions, history, etc.; for now, just enjoy this fine solitaire online. [PAR] Play more fun free online at games-games.com . [PAR] Author: Mizerov"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crayola Crayons - BLICK art materials Crayola Crayons - BLICK art materials [PAR] Crayola Crayons [PAR] Crayola Crayons are famous for their rich, vibrant color. That's why Crayola is the name kids recognize in crayons. Standard crayons measure [PAR] 3-5/8\" long \u00d7 5/16\" [PAR] Sets are packaged in a tuck box, unless otherwise noted. [PAR] 832-Piece, 64-Color Classpack \u2014 Celebrate the 50th anniversary of the [PAR] 64-color [PAR] crayon box with this Classpack featuring 13 reusable desktop bins. Each bin contains one set of 64 colors, including eight new 2008 Kids' Choice Colors chosen and named by kids. The Classpack also includes two classroom sharpeners. [PAR] Crayons in Bulk \u2014 Replenish the most popular colors in sets and classroom packages as your children use them, break them, and lose them. Keep sets and classroom packs complete. Purchase 12 crayons of one color in a tuck box. [PAR] Multicultural Crayons \u2014 These expressive crayon colors are specially designed for hands-on learning about self, family, and community. The Set of 8 includes the colors Apricot, Burnt Sienna, Mahogany, Peach, Sepia, Tan, and Black and White for blending. [PAR] Set of 12 \u2014 Created in response to teacher and student requests, the [PAR] 12-color [PAR] set contains Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Green, Violet, Brown, Black, White, Gray, Carnation Pink, and Indigo. [PAR] Set of 120 \u2014 Experience the colors that generations of children have grown up with \u2014 from Red, Yellow, and Blue, to Gold, Copper, and Silver, too! The set contains 120 crayons, each a different color. [PAR] Set of 16 \u2014 The 16-color set contains the eight colors listed above, plus Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, Carnation Pink, Red-Orange, Red-Violet, White, Yellow-Green, and Yellow-Orange. [PAR] Set of 24 \u2014 The 24-color set contains the 16 colors listed above, plus Gray, Green-Blue, Green-Yellow, Orange-Red, Orange-Yellow, Peach, Violet-Blue, and Violet-Red. [PAR] Set of 48 \u2014 The set of 48 colors contains 48 different colors, including Gold and Silver, in a hinged-top box. [PAR] Set of 64 \u2014 This hinge-top box contains 64 colors, plus a built-in pencil sharpener. [PAR] Set of 8 \u2014 The 8-color set contains Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Green, Violet, Brown, and Black. [PAR] Set of 96 \u2014 Students can explore a full spectrum of color possibilities, encouraging creativity and flexibility. Flip-top box and tiered sleeves allow for easy access. Has a built-in sharpener. [PAR] Ultimate Crayon Collection, Set of 152 \u2014 Please refer to the Item Specs tab for the full listing of included colors. [PAR] Ultimate Color Collections, Set of 152 colors [PAR] Glitter [PAR] Red with Shimmering Silver Glitter [PAR] Blue with Shimmering Silver Giltter [PAR] Carnation Pink with Lavender Glitter [PAR] Black with Glitzy Gold Glitter [PAR] Yellow with Shimmering Silver Glitter [PAR] Blue Green with Glitzy Gold Glitter [PAR] Sky Blue with Glitzy Gold Glitter [PAR] Red Violet with Glitzy Gold Glitter [PAR] Green with Twinkling Turquoise Glitter [PAR] Orchid with Twinkling Turquoise Glitter [PAR] Yellow with Rainbow Glitter [PAR] Orange with Twinkling Turquoise Glitter [PAR] Royal Purple with Ruby Red Glitter [PAR] Maroon with Glitzy Gold Glitter [PAR] White with Confetti Glitter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the Laws of the Game - From 1863 to the Present ... History of the Laws of the Game - From 1863 to the Present Day - FIFA.com [PAR] From 1863 to the Present Day [PAR] \u00a9 Getty Images [PAR] Football has come a long way since its first laws were drawn up in London in 1863. That historic meeting at the Freemasons' Tavern led not only to the foundation of the Football Association but, moreover, to the game's inaugural set of common rules. [PAR] Although undergraduates at Cambridge had made an earlier attempt to achieve a uniform standard in the late 1840s - albeit still allowing the ball to be caught - it was not until 1863 that football, a sport played down the centuries in often-violent village contests and then embraced in the early 1800s by the English public schools, had a fixed rulebook. [PAR] One club represented at the Freemasons' Tavern, Blackheath, refused to accept the non-inclusion of hacking (kicking below the knee) and subsequently became a founder of the Rugby Football Union. However, the 11 others reached an agreement and, under the charge of one Ebenezer Cobb Morley, 14 laws were soon penned for a game that would, in the following century, become the most played, watched and talked about activity on the planet. [PAR] Original offside rule [PAR] The offside rule formed part of the original rules in 1863 but it was a far remove from the law as we know it today. Any attacking player ahead of the ball was deemed to be offside - meaning early tactical systems featured as many as eight forwards, as the only means of advancing the ball was by dribbling or scrimmaging as in rugby. In the late 1860s, the FA made the momentous decision to adopt the three-player rule, where an attacker would be called offside if positioned in front of the third-last defender. Now the passing game could develop. [PAR] Despite the unification of the rules and the creation of the FA in 1863, disputes, largely involving Sheffield clubs who had announced their own set of ideas in 1857, persisted into the late 1870s. However, the creation of the International Football Association Board (IFAB) finally put an end to all arguments. Made up of two representatives from each of the four associations of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland), the IFAB met for the first time on 2 June 1886 to guard the Laws of the Game. Then, as today, a three-quarters majority was needed for a proposal to be passed. [PAR] Gradual changes [PAR] In those early years, the game gradually assumed the features we take for granted today. Goal-kicks were introduced in 1869 and corner-kicks in 1872. In 1878 a referee used a whistle for the first time. Yet there was no such thing as a penalty up until 1891. In the public schools where modern football originated, there was an assumption that a gentleman would never deliberately commit a foul. Amid the increased competitiveness, however, the penalty, or as it was originally called 'the kick of death', was introduced as one of a number of dramatic changes to the Laws of the Game in 1891. [PAR] Penalties, of course, had to be awarded by someone and following a proposal from the Irish Association, the referee was allowed on to the field of play. True to its gentlemanly beginnings, disputes were originally settled by the two team captains, but, as the stakes grew, so did the number of complaints. [PAR] By the time the first FA Cup and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Sport - Question of Sport - The history of the show BBC Sport - Question of Sport - The history of the show [PAR] The history of the show [PAR] Three with the answers: Vine, Coleman, Barker. [PAR] A Question of Sport will celebrate its 40th birthday in January 2010 making it the longest running TV quiz show in the UK and possibly the world. [PAR] Some of the biggest names in British and International sport have appeared on the programme since its early days. [PAR] In four decades the show has only had three presenters. [PAR] Here is a potted history of some of the captains, hosts, and stars that have helped to make the show a favourite. [PAR] The early days [PAR] The first A Question of Sport aired on 5th January 1970 and was hosted by David Vine. [PAR] The first team captains were boxer Henry Cooper and Wales rugby union star Cliff Morgan. [PAR] They were joined by George Best, Ray Illingworth, Lillian Board, and Tom Finney. [PAR] The Seventies [PAR] Clockwise from top left: Cliff Morgan and Henry Cooper, Henry Cooper and Brendan Foster. [PAR] The first change of captaincy occurred in 1977 when Olympic medallist Brendan Foster replaced Cliff Morgan. [PAR] David Vine hosted the show for five series before moving on to present late-night snooker and Ski Sunday. David Vine was replaced by the sports presenter and commentator, David Coleman. [PAR] Further changes were made to the team in 1979 as former Liverpool and England star Emlyn Hughes and Welsh rugby hero Gareth Edwards became the new captains. [PAR] The Eighties [PAR] Carson's cackles [PAR] Emlyn and Gareth were the captains for the next three years until 1982. [PAR] Then, former England rugby union captain Bill Beaumont teamed up with jockey Willie Carson whose distinctive laugh quickly became a trademark. [PAR] In 1984 Emlyn returned as captain and battled Bill for the next five series. [PAR] Emlyn's picture board gaffe [PAR] Princess Anne appeared on the show in 1987 only a week after Emlyn mistook her for a male jockey on the pictureboard! [PAR] Cricketing icon Ian Botham joined the show in 1989 taking over from Emlyn and the show had two of the most competitive captains in its history. [PAR] Bill saved by the bell [PAR] Bill and Beefy became a staple throughout the Nineties running in tandem for eight series. [PAR] Bill generally had the upper hand and was helped by a very controversial moment. [PAR] When the pair finally left Bill had clocked up a then record 319 appearances on the show. [PAR] The Nineties [PAR] Clockwise from top left: Bill Beaumont and Ian Botham, John Parrott and Ally McCoist. [PAR] In 1996 it was all change. [PAR] Scotland and Rangers striker Ally McCoist and former snooker world champion John Parrott became the new captains. [PAR] David Coleman was in charge for Ally and John's first series. [PAR] But he retired from the show in May 1997 to be replaced by current host Sue Barker. [PAR] Ally and John were soon up to no good, mainly at Sue's expense. [PAR] The Noughties [PAR] Clockwise from top left: Frankie Dettori, John Parrott, Ally McCoist and Matt Dawson. [PAR] In 2002 John vacated his seat and Ally and Sue were joined by jockey Frankie Dettori who was a bit better at racing horses than he was at quizzes! [PAR] With Frankie's continuing success in the saddle he decided to give up the captaincy in 2004 to be replaced by one of England's successful Rugby World Cup winners, Matt Dawson."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography - Tom Hanks Online Biography - Tom Hanks Online [PAR] Biography [PAR] - Colin (1977) & Elizabeth (1982) (with 1st wife Samantha Lewes) [PAR] - Chester (1990) & Truman (1995) (with 2nd wife Rita Wilson) [PAR] Education : [PAR] Skyline High School (Oakland, CA) - Graduated in 1974 [PAR] Chabot Junior College (Hayward, CA) [PAR] California State University (Sacramento, CA) [PAR] Great Lakes Shakespeare Festival (Lakewood, OH) [PAR] Biography [PAR] Thomas J. Hanks was born on July 9, 1956, in Concord, California. Tom was raised by Amos Mefford Hanks, a cook and restaurant manager, and Janet (Turner) Hanks, a hospital worker. His parents divorced when he was 5, and his father took him along with his three siblings, Sandra, Larry and Jim, to Reno, Nevada. Because his father was an itinerant cook, Tom had to move quite often in his childhood. The family eventually settled in Oakland, California, where Tom attended and graduated from Skyline High School in 1974. During his high school years, Tom liked to entertain his classmates with his comedic talents and acted in school plays. Tom then transferred to California State University in Sacramento as a theater major, but quit his studies to intern, in 1977, with the Great Lakes Shakespeare Festival in Lakewood, Ohio, where he earned acclaim for his performance in \"The Taming of the Shrew\" and earned, in 1978, a Cleveland Critics Circle for Best Actor for his brilliant performance of Proteus in \"The Two Gentlemen of Verona\". Over the next three years, he spent summers acting in numerous productions of Shakespeare\u2019s plays and his winters participating backstage in a community theater company in Sacramento. Three years later, he relocated to New York to pursue acting and later headed for Los Angeles in hopes of reading more roles in TV and film. [PAR] In 1980, Tom Hanks married Samantha Lewes (her birth name was Susan Jane Dillingham), an actress and producer he met in College and with whom he shared two children, a son named Colin (born on November 24, 1977), and a daughter named Elizabeth (born on May17, 1982). Still in 1980, he managed to break into features with a small role in the low-budget horror movie, \"He Knows You're Alone\" (1980) and then gained widespread exposure with a starring role in the short-lived cult sitcom, \"Bosom Buddies,\" playing an advertising executive who moves into a low-rent female-only hotel with his ad exec buddy (Peter Scolari) on the condition that they both dress like women. Though the show was cancelled after two seasons, it gave Tom some exposure and led to his guest performances in such popular series as \"The Love Boat\", \"Taxi\", \"Happy Days\" and \"Family Ties\". Tom's performance on \"Happy Days\" impressed one of the cast member who turned out to be Ron Howard. He cast Tom for the leading role in his next movie, \"Splash\" (1984), a comic fantasy named about a man who falls in love with an actual mermaid. Proving a likable and engaging screen presence, Tom Hanks seemed assured of becoming successful in romantic comedies. More performances in films quickly ensued, including a role in \"Bachelor Party\" (1984), \"The Man with One Red Shoe\" (1985), \"Volunteers\" (1985), \"The Money Pit\" (1986), \"Nothing in Common\" (1986) and \"Dragnet\" (1987). On a personal level, after a five-year marriage, the couple divorced in 1987 and in 1988, Tom married actress Rita Wilson, with whom he shares two sons, Chester (born on August 4, 1990) and Truman Theodore (born on December 26, 1995). [PAR] It was Tom Hanks\u2019 portrayal of a 13-year-old boy trapped in the body"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Who Classic Series Companions / Characters - TV Tropes Doctor Who Classic Series Companions / Characters - TV Tropes [PAR] Played by: Carole Ann Ford (1963\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd64, 1983, 1993) [PAR] \"Oh, grandfather!\" [PAR] The Doctor's granddaughter. When the series began, she attended Coal Hill School in London as a student for a few months in 1963, posing as a human with a fake human name. She's Constantly Curious and extremely sweet. Returns much later, as an adult, to help out the first five incarnations of her grandfather all at the same time. [PAR] Bound and Gagged : In \"The Keys of Marinus\", in Episode 6. [PAR] The Bus Came Back : While Susan has certainly been on a Long Bus Trip , she did return for one adventure in 1983. To this date, Carole Ann Ford is still playing Susan in the Big Finish Doctor Who audios, both in First Doctor stories and as a companion to the Eighth Doctor. [PAR] Bus Crash : The Doctor stated he was the Last of His Kind as early as \"The End of the World\". In the later episodes \"The Empty Child\", \"Fear Her\" and \"The Doctor's Daughter\", the Doctor reminisces about having had children once, and confirms that he considers every last Time Lord dead. [PAR] Possibly subverted if the reason the Doctor thought he was the Last of His Kind is because Susan was on Gallifrey at the end of the Time War. If that's the case, now that it's been revealed that the Doctor managed to save Gallifrey in a frozen moment in time rather than destroying it it's possible that Susan's still alive. [PAR] The Cameo : She's very briefly seen, from the back, in a flashback in \"The Name of the Doctor\". [PAR] Cheerful Child : She has a tendency to act younger than her apparent age, probably because she is extremely young by Time Lord standards, and can't resist a giggle even at the most inappropriate times. For example, she laughs at the way one of her Dalek captors says her name in \" The Daleks \". [PAR] Cuddle Bug : Loves to cling to people, especially Barbara and her grandfather. [PAR] Cute Clumsy Girl : One infamous moment has her accidentally dropping a bridge on top of the TARDIS and twisting her ankle in the process. [PAR] Depending on the Writer : Susan had originally been intended as a Creepy Good Action Girl with Psychic Powers but was ReTooled into a \"normal girl\" after the unaired pilot. The result of this is that her character fluctuates wildly between scripts: in \"An Unearthly Child\" she is a nice girl who wishes she was normal but shows a little Nightmare Fetishist behaviour (\"I like walking through the dark. It's mysterious.\") and physically attacks a massive, armed caveman to save her friends; in \"The Daleks\" she is a Kiddie Kid who displays exaggerated fear about walking through the dark and the few times she's allowed to speak it's to make stupid suggestions (\"First we all lie down and pretend to be dead...\"); in \"The Edge of Destruction\" she drifts around in a long dress, babbles about creatures inside her and threatens to shred Ian with a pair of surgical scissors; in \"Marco Polo\" she is a Totally Radical sixties teen who thinks everything is \"gear\"; in \"The Keys of Marinus\" she is a Distressed Damsel ; in \"The Aztecs\" she has nothing to do; in \"The Sensorites\" she has a fight with her grandfather and saves the day with her telepathic powers; and then in \"The Reign"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthea Turner set for TV presenter comeback after landing ... Anthea Turner set for TV presenter comeback after landing Health Lottery role - Mirror Online [PAR] Celebs [PAR] Anthea Turner set for TV presenter comeback after landing Health Lottery role [PAR] Anthea, who hosted the National Lottery in 1994, is taking over from Ann Diamond on the Channel 5 show [PAR] Share [PAR] Rolling in it: Anthea Turner [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Anthea Turner is crossing her fingers again, hoping her TV \u00adreturn as the new presenter of the Health Lottery is a hit. [PAR] The former kids\u2019 TV star , who hosted the first National Lottery draw in 1994, is to take over from Anne Diamond, 60, on the Channel 5 \u00adresults shows. [PAR] The 55-year-old, who was the face of the original Lotto for two years, will now helm the Saturday and Wednesday \u00adprogrammes for the rival money-spinner. [PAR] Wishful: Anthea Turner [PAR] Apart from appearances on Strictly Come Dancing and winter sports show The Jump, Anthea has been off mainstream TV in recent years after a marriage break-up and financial problems. [PAR] A source told the Sunday People: \u201cAnthea really wanted this gig as she has not been doing too much lately. This will get her face back on TV. [PAR] Anthea and Grant Bovey, 53, who finally split in 2013 after Grant was linked to \u00addesigner Zoe de Mallet Morgan, then [PAR] 25, have recently completed their divorce. [PAR] Comeback: Anthea Turner (Photo: Joe Alvarez) [PAR] The once golden couple sold their \u00a35million Surrey \u00admansion after Grant\u2019s \u00adproperty firm \u00adfolded. She is still a major investor in his Yummi Media Group, which lost \u00ad\u00a36million over two years. [PAR] The source added: \u201cThe cash from the new job will come in very handy as the separation has been tough.\u201d [PAR] The ex-Blue Peter host, who has also been starring in ads for the Health Lottery, is to take up her new role in the next few weeks. [PAR] But the draw, which raises cash for local health causes, has been criticised for donating only 20.3% of the ticket price to good causes. The National Lottery gives 28%. [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent[DOC] [TLE] Anthea Turner Nationality - %name% Net Worth Anthea Turner Nationality - Anthea Turner Net Worth [PAR] Anthea Turner Nationality [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Anthea Turner [PAR] Anthea Turner Net Worth is .. Anthea Millicent Turner (born 25 May 1960) is an English television presenter and media personality. [PAR] Turner was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire and educated there at the independent catholic St. Dominic's Priory School, (Stone). [PAR] T... [PAR] Anthea Turner Net Worth is . [PAR] Anthea Turner Net Worth is . Anthea Millicent Turner is an English television presenter and media personality. [PAR] Turner was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire and educated there at the independent catholic St. Dominic's Priory School, . [PAR] Turner joined BBC Radio Stoke as a runner, eventually joining breakfast show presenter Bruno Brookes as part of his rap crew. The couple became romantically involved and employed Peter Powell as an agent through his management company. [PAR] Turner moved into television through Sky Channel and Music Box presenting live music programmes from July 1986 to 1989. Her debut on national television was with the BBC on But First This, which led to her fronting two series for the BBC on the Saturday morning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Batman (1989) - IMDb Batman (1989) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Dark Knight of Gotham City begins his war on crime with his first major enemy being the clownishly homicidal Joker. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Batman \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 9 wins & 22 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When a corrupt businessman and the grotesque Penguin plot to take control of Gotham City, only Batman can stop them, while the Catwoman has her own agenda. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Batman must battle Two-Face and The Riddler with help from an amorous psychologist and a young circus acrobat who becomes his sidekick, Robin. [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] A couple of recently deceased ghosts contract the services of a \"bio-exorcist\" in order to remove the obnoxious new owners of their house. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] An alien orphan is sent from his dying planet to Earth, where he grows up to become his adoptive home's first and greatest superhero. [PAR] Director: Richard Donner [PAR] Earth is invaded by Martians with unbeatable weapons and a cruel sense of humor. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Three former parapsychology professors set up shop as a unique ghost removal service. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] Superman agrees to sacrifice his powers to start a relationship with Lois Lane, unaware that three Kryptonian criminals he inadvertently released are conquering Earth. [PAR] Directors: Richard Lester, Richard Donner [PAR] Stars: Gene Hackman, Christopher Reeve, Margot Kidder [PAR] Ichabod Crane is sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigate the decapitations of 3 people with the culprit being the legendary apparition, the Headless Horseman. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] The discovery of a massive river of ectoplasm and a resurgence of spectral activity allows the staff of Ghostbusters to revive the business. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Batman and Robin try to keep their relationship together even as they must stop Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from freezing Gotham City. [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] A boy inadvertently breaks three important rules concerning his new pet and unleashes a horde of malevolently mischievous monsters on a small town. [PAR] Director: Joe Dante [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Gotham City. Crime boss Carl Grissom (Jack Palance) effectively runs the town but there's a new crime fighter in town - Batman (Michael Keaton). Grissom's right-hand man is Jack Napier (Jack Nicholson), a brutal man who is not entirely sane... After falling out between the two Grissom has Napier set up with the Police and Napier falls to his apparent death in a vat of chemicals."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | TV AND RADIO | Big Breakfast bows out BBC News | TV AND RADIO | Big Breakfast bows out [PAR] Friday, 29 March, 2002, 13:08 GMT [PAR] Big Breakfast bows out [PAR] Richard Bacon and Lisa Rogers say goodbye [PAR] Channel 4's The Big Breakfast has finally come to an end, 10 years after breaking the mould of morning television. [PAR] There had been rumours the show's founder Bob Geldof would blow up the house which has been home to The Big Breakfast from the start but this did not happen. [PAR] Instead, the show's presenters signed off with a song and computer tricks were used to make the lock-keeper's cottage look like it had disappeared. [PAR] It has been very influential in the way people view breakfast television and weekend type shows. [PAR] Chris Longridge, Heat magazine [PAR] A host of celebrities were on hand to say farewell to the show including stars from EastEnders, Royle Family actor Ralf Little, comedian Johnny Vegas and garage collective So Solid Crew. [PAR] A letter purporting to be from the Prince of Wales was also read out live on the show by presenter Richard Bacon, which congratulated the show for entertaining the nation for so long and wishing everyone luck with the future. [PAR] \"For the last 10 years, The Big Breakfast has amused and entertained a great number of people,\" it said. [PAR] The Big Breakfast was a massive success when it first started however a slump in audience figures forced Channel 4 to axe the show. [PAR] BSkyB and Princess Productions have been commissioned to make a replacement programme, which is due to start in April. [PAR] Distinctive brand [PAR] The Big Breakfast started in 1992 with presenters Chris Evans and Gaby Roslin. [PAR] Its distinctive brand of interviews, gossip and celebrities became an instant hit, with audiences of more than two million. [PAR] Heat magazine's Chris Longridge said the Big Breakfast was the first of a kind. [PAR] He said: \"When The Big Breakfast was first launched there had been nothing like that kind of TV since Tiswas. [PAR] Gaby Roslin and Paula Yates were original presenters [PAR] \"It was the first of the breakfast shows to really go popular, to lose the stuffiness and cosiness of sofa chat and just have fun.\" [PAR] The show's problems started when the original presenters left and a succession of temporary hosts including Rick Adams, Sharron Davies and Zoe Ball failed to halt the slide in ratings. [PAR] But lightening struck twice when the partnership of Johnny Vaughan and Denise Van Outen brought the viewers back. [PAR] Longridge said: \"The chemistry between Gaby and Chris really worked, it was so watchable but unexpected. [PAR] 'Joke' [PAR] \"Johnny and Denise worked when they recaptured that spirit and added a certain sexiness.\" [PAR] \"Tom Cruise was interviewed in the garden shed with Johnny Vaughan, no other show could do that. [PAR] Denise Van Outen hosted the show twice [PAR] \"Absolute A-list celebrities were in on the joke, mucking about with presenters.\" [PAR] But again the ratings slid when the team of Vaughan and Van Outen was split up. [PAR] Vaughan carried on with two different hosts, Kelly Brook and Liza Tarbuck, and Van Outen also came back, but for an unsuccessful stint. [PAR] Another revamp brought new hosts, but no audience increase. [PAR] But its still struggled to attract 230,000 viewers, less than a quarter of the number who tune in to GMTV on ITV1. [PAR] Longridge said the show will be missed: \"It has been very influential in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary Goodnight (Britt Ekland) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Mary Goodnight (Britt Ekland) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Mary Goodnight (Britt Ekland) [PAR] Last [PAR] The Man with the Golden Gun (film) [PAR] Mary Goodnight first appeared as 00-Section secretary in the Ian Fleming novels On Her Majesty's Secret Service , You Only Live Twice and The Man with the Golden Gun . In 1974 the character appeared in the film adaptation of The Man with the Golden Gun as an inexperienced field operative. She was portrayed by Britt Ekland . [PAR] Film biography [PAR] Miss Goodnight is a Secret Service staffer, more ditzy than in the novels, who assists Bond when he is following Andrea Anders in Hong Kong . Very quickly it is established that she has as-yet unfulfilled desires toward Bond. [PAR] Bond: \"Now, Goodnight, would I do that to you? [Speaking of cheating on her.]\" [PAR] Goodnight: \"Yes, James, you bloody well would!\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dennis Quaid: Marriage up in flames, divorce gets ugly Dennis Quaid: Marriage up in flames, divorce gets ugly [PAR] Dennis Quaid: Marriage up in flames, divorce gets ugly [PAR] Mar 09, 2012 [PAR] She wants out but Quaid won't pay [PAR] Share [PAR] Tumble [PAR] Combined comments & shares on social media [PAR] Dennis Quaid is on the road to bachelorhood once again. His third wife, real estate agent Kimberly Buffington, filed for divorce on Friday morning. She wants half of their assets, but Quaid says no way. [PAR] Dennis Quaid and his third wife, Kimberly Buffington, are no longer a couple. Kimberly filed for divorce this morning in Texas and TMZ reports the divorce will likely get very ugly based on Dennis' response to her filing. [PAR] TMZ obtained Kimberly's petition which cites a very unhappy marriage as her reason for leaving Quaid. \"The marriage has become insupportable because of discord or conflict of personalities\u2026 that destroys the legitimate ends of the marriage relationship and prevents any reasonable expectation of reconciliation.\" Ouch. [PAR] In Kimberly's original filing for divorce, she asks Quaid for spousal support and attorney's fees. But Quaid seems to be on the offense and plans to prevent Kimberly from getting any joint assets. [PAR] While the temporary order gives Kimberly \"possession of their main residence and the Mercedes,\" TMZ says Quaid wants Kimberly to receive zero assets. No word yet on custody of their 4-year-old twins or child support. [PAR] Dennis Quaid: Cocaine was added to movie budgets >> [PAR] The couple made headlines back in 2007 when their twins, Thomas Boone and Zoe Grace, were given an accidental overdose of the drug heparin at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. The newborns received 10,000 units when only 10 units were prescribed. Confusion arose because the vials for the dramatically different doses were similarly labeled. The twins suffered severe internal injuries but thankfully recovered. [PAR] Dennis and Kimberly Quaid sued Baxter Healthcare Corporation \u2014 the manufacturer of the drug \u2014 as well as Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. The Quaids reached a settlement of $750,000 with Cedars in 2010. [PAR] Quaid's first wife was P.J. Soles, a popular actress in the 1970s and 1980s. Soles and Quaid married in 1978 but divorced in 1983. [PAR] Dennis then married fellow Hollywood star Meg Ryan in 1991 and the couple had a son, Jack, in 1992. Quaid and Ryan divorced in 2001 due to alleged allegations of infidelity on Quaid's part. In 2008, Ryan spoke to Insight magazine about the affairs. \"Dennis was not faithful to me for a very long time, and that was very painful. I found out more about that after I was divorced.\" [PAR] However, Ryan received considerable press when her affair with actor Russell Crowe became public. She told Oprah in 2006 her romance with Crowe was not a reason for her split with Quaid, \"Russell isn't a homewrecker.\" She went on, \"I did not leave my marriage for him. I left because it was not working.\" [PAR] Quaid's third wife, Kimberly, was a real-estate agent out of Austin, Texas when the pair met. They wed in 2004. [PAR] We will bring you more news about Dennis Quaid and Kimberly Buffington's divorce as the proceedings unfold. [PAR] Photo courtesy of: Adriana M. Barraza / WENN.com [PAR] Tagged in[DOC] [TLE] Meg Ryan and John Mellencamp have reportedly split up - LA ... Meg Ryan and John Mellencamp have reportedly split up - LA Times [PAR] Meg Ryan and John Mellencamp have reportedly split up [PAR] Meg Ryan Is a Single Lady [PAR] Meg Ryan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben Kingsley - IMDb Ben Kingsley - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Producer | Soundtrack [PAR] Ben Kingsley was born Krishna Bhanji in Scarborough, Yorkshire, England. His father, Rahimtulla Harji Bhanji, was a Kenyan-born medical doctor, of Gujarati Indian descent, and his mother, Anna Lyna Mary (Goodman), was an English actress. Ben began to act in stage plays during the 1960s. He soon became a successful stage actor, and also began to ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 37 people [PAR] created 23 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 16 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 people [PAR] created 15 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 people [PAR] created 18 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Ben Kingsley's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 44 wins & 65 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2010 Fable III (Video Game) [PAR] Sabine (voice, as Sir Ben Kingsley) [PAR] 1997 Ceremony of Innocence (Video Game) [PAR] Victor Frolatti (voice) [PAR] 1984 Oxbridge Blues (TV Series) [PAR] Geoff Craven [PAR] - Sleeps Six (1984) ... Geoff Craven [PAR] 1983 Kean (TV Movie) [PAR] 1977 The Velvet Glove (TV Series) [PAR] Chakravarti [PAR] 1976 Dickens of London (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Dr. John Elliotson [PAR] - Magic (1976) ... Dr. John Elliotson [PAR] - Dreams (1976) ... Dr. John Elliotson [PAR] 1973 Wessex Tales (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Lord Uplandtowers [PAR] 1973 Play for Today (TV Series) [PAR] Naseem [PAR] 1973 Full House (TV Series) [PAR] The Misfortune cast member [PAR] 1973 The Adventurer (TV Series) [PAR] Pierre [PAR] 1966 Pardon the Expression (TV Series) [PAR] Roy [PAR] 1996 Twelfth Night or What You Will (performer: \"O Mistress Mine\", \"Heigh-Ho, The Wind and the Rain\") [PAR] 1982 Gandhi (performer: \"God Save the King!\" (1744) - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2006 Twist by Polanski (Video documentary short) (special thanks) [PAR] 2004 My Karma (Short) (the producers wish to thank) [PAR] 2001 Ben Kingsley Talks About 'Gandhi' (Video documentary short) (special thanks) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2016 Lip Sync Battle (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009-2016 The One Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] - Sir Ben Kingsley/Henry Cavill/Reba McEntire (2015) ... Himself - Guest (as Sir Ben Kingsley) [PAR] 2015-2016 Today (TV Series) [PAR] 2016 The Talk (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2008-2016 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2016 Larry King Now (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2010-2015 Janela Indiscreta (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 Let's Go, DFW! (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2015 Celebrity Conversations (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010-2015 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 Hollywood Health Report (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 1995-2015 Charlie Rose (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2008-2015 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2015 Celebrity P.O.V. (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] - Episode #8.84 (2011) ... Himself - Guest [PAR] - Episode #6.158 (2010) ... Himself - Guest (as Sir Ben Kingsley) [PAR] 2014 The Queen Latifah Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2014 Garfunkel and Oates (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2013-2014 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2014 And the Oscar Goes To... (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself - Actor [PAR] 2013-2014 Good Day L.A. (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2008-2013 Cinema"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] True or false? | History Extra True or false? | History Extra [PAR] True or false? [PAR] How much do you know about the origins, celebrations and traditions of St Patrick's Day? [PAR] Thursday 17th March 2011 [PAR] BBC History Magazine - 5 issues for \u00a35 [PAR] BBC History Magazine, together with Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, has put together a list of facts about St Patrick's Day \u2013 some of which are true, and some of which are false. Can you tell the difference? Correct answers will be published online after 12pm on Monday 21 March. [PAR] [PAR] 1. The colour traditionally associated with St Patrick was green [PAR] [PAR] 2. St Patrick's Day has been an official public holiday for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland since 1950 [PAR] [PAR] 3. Every year the American city of Chicago colours its river green to mark the holiday [PAR] [PAR] 4. St Patrick was born in Ireland [PAR] [PAR] 5. Corned beef and cabbage are traditionally associated with the holiday [PAR] [PAR] 6. St Patrick spent six years as a herdsman [PAR] [PAR] 7. St Patrick's Day has always been celebrated by the church on 17 March [PAR] [PAR] 8. According to legend, St Patrick drove the snakes of Ireland into the sea [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Don't forget to check the historyextra.com website on Monday 21 March to find out how many you got right. [PAR] [PAR] Find out more about St Patrick and his feast day at www.britannica.com[DOC] [TLE] St. Patrick's Day :: Default - English grammar St. Patrick's Day :: Default [PAR] \u203a Read On \u203a Countries \u203a Holidays \u203a St. Patrick's Day [PAR] Saint Patrick\u2019s Day [PAR] Every 17 March, Irish people all over the world celebrate St. Patrick\u2019s Day in honour of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. Let\u2019s find out what was so special about that person. [PAR] When St. Patrick was born, his name actually was not Patrick but Maewyn. He grew up in Wales, but when he was 16, people kidnapped him and sold him into slavery in Ireland. [PAR] Maewyn spent six years as a slave in Ireland, but then he escaped and went to Gaul in France where he studied in a monastery for 12 years. Finally, Maewyn became a bishop and adopted the Christian name Patricius (in English: Patrick). [PAR] Later Patrick decided to go back to Ireland. Unlike many other missionaries before him, Patrick successfully converted Irish pagans to Christianity because he knew a lot about Irish life and their gods. So Patrick for example did not simply introduce the Christian cross \u2013 he put a sun behind it because he knew that the sun was an important symbol for the Irish. The so called Celtic Cross therefore is a cross with a circle symbolising the sun. [PAR] Furthermore, Patrick explained the holy Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) with the help of a shamrock, which grows everywhere in Ireland. The shamrock has three equally sized leaves and Patrick used this to show how the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit could exist as separate elements of the same entity. [PAR] There are several legends about St. Patrick, for example that he banned all snakes from Ireland (still now there are no snakes in Ireland). People also say that Patrick met some Irish legends such as the Children of Lir . [PAR] Patrick died on 17 March 461. That day now is a national holiday in Ireland and there are parades in the streets and music everywhere. Not only in Ireland \u2013 Irish emigrants took this tradition all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stories of the Emerald Isle: Irish Nobel Prize Winners Stories of the Emerald Isle: Irish Nobel Prize Winners [PAR] Stories of the Emerald Isle: Irish Nobel Prize Winners [PAR] Thomas Kendall [PAR] Ireland \u2019s literary history stretches back centuries and is founded upon the oral tradition for which the country is renowned. However, it was with the advent of modernism that Irish literature attained an exalted place in the literary canon. While those honored by the Nobel Prize for Literature represent only a fraction of the great artists and writers Ireland has produced, the thematic and stylistic differences of these artists are emblematic of a country that has produced such world renowned writers as Jonathan Swift , James Joyce and Brendan Behan . We look at the history of Irish literature through the story of its four Nobel Prize Winners. [PAR] [PAR] W.B. Yeats, 1911 | WikiCommons [PAR] W.B. Yeats (Awarded: 1923) [PAR] The mystical life is the centre of all that I do and all that I think and all that I write. [PAR] William Butler Yeats\u2019 fascination with the occult, automatic writing, folk tales and spiritualism was central to his practice as a poet. Through a complex, often personally divined system of symbols allied to a mastery of traditional poetic forms he created a remarkable body of work. His most famous poem The Second Coming , despite its ubiquity, retains a force rarely seen in poetry and its impact spans both the high minded literary world (Chinua Achebe\u2019s Things Fall Apart and Joan Didion\u2019s Slouching Towards Bethlehem are both named after lines in the poem) and the everyday. He received the Nobel Prize for literature shortly after Ireland had gained independence and regarded his own success as an extension of and contribution to this victory. Indeed his use of Celtic folk tales can be seen as an attempt to establish a national character free from the tyranny of oppressive English rule. [PAR] [PAR] George Bernard Shaw, 1936 | WikiCommons [PAR] George Bernhard Shaw (Awarded: 1925) [PAR] I, as a Socialist, have had to preach, as much as anyone, the enormous power of the environment. We can change it; we must change it\u2026what is the use of writing plays, what is the use of writing anything, if there is not a will which finally moulds chaos itself into a race of gods. [PAR] Author of over sixty plays, pureveyor of a sublime comic touch that at times obscured biting social critiques, and the only person to receive both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar; George Bernhard Shaw is a fascinating figure in Irish literary history. As a critic and a satirist who was profoundly politically engaged, he had initially wanted to refuse the Nobel Prize on moral grounds. He accepted it only after his wife protested (and once he had ascertained that the monetary component of the award could be put to finance the translation of Swedish texts into English). Shaw\u2019s most populist work Pygmalion was adapted into the musical My Fair Lady and it contains much of his sardonic wit and subtly camouflaged social commentary. Much like Oscar Wilde, George Bernhard Shaw\u2019s shrewdness made the challenging subject of his work palatable, lacing the contemporary issues of the day with a timeless acuity.[DOC] [TLE] Every Irish Winner At The Academy Awards \u2013 The Oscars ... Every Irish Winner At The Academy Awards \u2013 The Oscars! | beanmimo [PAR] Every Irish Winner At The Academy Awards \u2013 The Oscars! [PAR] Posted on March 1, 2013 | 16 Comments [PAR] (updated 2016) [PAR] In the wake of the 2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny Logan conquers once again Scandinavia ... Johnny Logan conquers once again Scandinavia - EuroVisionary - Eurovision news worth reading [PAR] Eurovision news worth reading [PAR] Charlotte Jensen / 13th October 2008 at 19:15 / Eurovision Song Contest , Releases / Denmark , Norway , Sweden [PAR] With his latest album \u201cIrishman in America\u201d Johnny Logan is back on the Scandinavian charts, which he more or less owned with the previous CD. With a calendar that doesn\u2019t leave space for much else than touring in Denmark, Sweden and Norway this Irishman has really conquered Scandinavia. [PAR] Johnny Logan has won the Eurovision Song Contest twice as a singer and once more as a songwriter for Linda Martin, but it seems like the 54-year-old singer is now more popular than ever, 28 years after his first Eurovision victory and 16 years after the latest! [PAR] His previous album, The Irish Connection, was meant as a present to his Danish fans but became a bestseller in all three Scandinavian countries with gold in Sweden, platinum in Denmark and double platinum in Norway. [PAR] It is too soon to predict if Irishman in America reaches that status, but he has now entered the charts in all three countries. When the album was released three weeks ago it immediately went into the Danish album top40. The album was #10 last week, but has dropped to this week\u2019s #19. [PAR] In both Sweden and Norway the album has this week reached their album charts being #33 on the top40 in Norway and #37 on the top60 in Sweden. [PAR] The first position in Sweden and Norway is currently taken by Metallica\u2019s latest album Death Magnetic, while the MGP compilation album holds that spot in Denmark. [PAR] MGP is the Danish final for the Nordic MGP, the format on which the Junior Eurovision Song Contest is based.[DOC] [TLE] Facts & Figures | Eurovision Song Contest Facts & Figures | Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] Every year an estimated amount of some 180 million viewers watch the Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] In 2008 and 2011, a record number of 43 countries participated [PAR] Ireland has won 7 times, Sweden 6 and Luxembourg, France, and the United Kingdom 5 times. [PAR] Poland made the most impressive debute in 1994, when Edyta Gorniak came 2nd with To Nie Ja, closely followed by Serbia's victory in 2007. Although Serbia & Montenegro was represented twice before, it was the first time that Serbia took part as an independent country [PAR] Norway could be found at the bottom of the list as many as eleven times! The unfortunates came last in 1963, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1981, 1990, 1997, 2001, 2004 and in the Grand Final of 2012. Nevertheless, they also won thrice (in 1985, 1995 and 2009) [PAR] In 2001, the largest audience ever attended the Eurovision Song Contest. Almost 38,000 people gathered at Copenhagen's Parken Stadium to witness the first ever Estonian victory. [PAR] Most winning songs were performed in English - songs (mostly) in English won 26 times. French is also popular, with 14 victories. Dutch and Hebrew songs won 3 times each [PAR] Six different systems were used over the past decades to pick the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] When Sweden hosted the contest in 2000 and 2013 - it was Denmark that took home the victory. [PAR] The legends [PAR] ABBA is the most successful Eurovision Song Contest winner. The Swedish pop band won the contest in 1974 and has enjoyed phenomenal success ever since [PAR] The most covered Eurovision Song Contest song"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Irish National Anthem - Amhr\u00e1n Na Bhfiann lyrics + English ... Irish National Anthem - Amhr\u00e1n Na Bhfiann lyrics + English translation [PAR] N\u00ed fh\u00e1gfar faoin t\u00edor\u00e1n n\u00e1 faoin tr\u00e1ill. [PAR] Anocht a th\u00e9am sa bhearna baoil, [PAR] Le gean ar Ghaeil, chun b\u00e1is n\u00f3 saoil, [PAR] Le gunna scr\u00e9ach faoi l\u00e1mhach na bpil\u00e9ar, [PAR] Seo libh canaig amhr\u00e1n na bhfiann [PAR] [PAR] SilentRebel83 on Mon, 12/11/2012 - 02:29 [PAR] Video:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON ANTARCTIC EXPLORER AND THE ENDURANCE ... SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON ANTARCTIC EXPLORER AND THE ENDURANCE | GREAT EXPLORERS AND ADVENTURERS OF THE WORLD [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, RNR (February 15, 1874 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1916 in the ship Endurance. [PAR] [PAR] After Captain Scott died during an attempt to reach the South Pole in 1912, Shackleton (1874\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1922) chose to tackle the challenge of Antarctica in a different way. He decided he would attempt to journey across the icy continent from one side to the other via the South Pole. [PAR] Shackleton was a romantic adventurer, who became interested in exploration and joined the Royal Geographical Society while still at sea. In 1901 he got a place on Captain Scott's first Antarctic expedition, in the Discovery, through his seafaring skills and contact with one of the expedition sponsors. [PAR] [PAR] In 1907, he led his own British Antarctic Expedition in the Nimrod. Other members of the expedition climbed Mount Erebus and reached the south magnetic pole. Using ponies and also dragging his own sledges Shackleton himself led a party which reached to only 97 miles from the Pole. Although there had not been much government support beforehand, Shackleton received a hero's welcome when he returned. He was knighted, becoming Sir Ernest Shackleton. [PAR] [PAR] Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] ABOUT ANTARCTICA [PAR] Antarctica is an enormous continent. More than 99% of it is covered by ice. In places, this ice is more than three miles thick. Antarctica is completely surrounded by the vast Southern Ocean, half of which freezes in winter. It is high, windy and extremely cold. There is no indigenous human population and no life forms at all except around the coast [PAR] [PAR] More than 2000 years ago, Greek writers described a large mass of land in the south of the world. Even though they had never seen it, they believed it must exist so that it could 'balance' the land they knew about in the northern half of the world. They named this imagined land 'Anti-Arkitos', meaning the 'opposite of the Arctic'. [PAR] Did explorers before Shackleton try to reach the Antarctic? [PAR] Yes. For instance, Captain Cook had tried to find the great southern continent on his second Pacific voyage of 1772\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd74. In 1912, an expedition led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott had been narrowly beaten in the race to be first to the South Pole by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. [PAR] [PAR] BIOGRAPHY [PAR] [PAR] Shackleton was born in Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland in 1874, and served as a merchant marine officer. He went to school at Dulwich College from 1887 to 1890. In 1904 he married Emily Dorman. They had three children - Raymond, Cecily and Edward (Eddie), born in 1911. Their marriage was marred by numerous affairs on Ernest's part, most notably his relationship with the American born actress Rosalind Chetwynd (Rosa Lynd) which was begun in 1910 and continued on and off until his death in 1922. [PAR] [PAR] 1901 National Antarctic Expedition [PAR] [PAR] Shackleton participated in the National Antarctic Expedition, which was organized by the Royal Geographical Society in 1901, and led by Robert Falcon Scott. This expedition is also called the \"Discovery Expedition\", as its ship was called Discovery. The expedition was the first to penetrate the Ross Sea and reach the Ross Ice Shelf. He may have placed what has become one of the world's most famous advertisements in the Times of London"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many calories are in a pint of Guinness? | Reference.com How many calories are in a pint of Guinness? | Reference.com [PAR] How many calories are in a pint of Guinness? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] There are approximately 198 calories in a pint of Guinness. A glass of Guinness has 99 calories. Guinness is considered one of the most popular beers in the world, and is sold in more than 120 countries. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The main flavor in Guinness is roasted, unmalted barley. That gives it a slightly burnt flavor that many people enjoy. Another characteristic of this brew is the tangy flavor that is said to come from mixing aged brew with fresh brew, which was a regular occurrence in the past, but the company refuses to say if that mixture still occurs in the modern age."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Residences - Prince of Wales Residences [PAR] Residences [PAR] The Prince of Wales and The Duchess [PAR] of Cornwall [PAR] The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge [PAR] Prince Harry [PAR] Residences [PAR] The Prince of Wales has homes in England, Scotland and Wales. [PAR] Clarence House is the official London residence of The Prince of Wales, The Duchess of Cornwall and Prince Harry. [PAR] Highgrove House near Tetbury, Gloucestershire, is the family home of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall. [PAR] Birkhall is the private residence of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall in Scotland. The former home of Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother on the Balmoral estate on Royal Deeside, Her Late Majesty described it as a \u2018little big house\u2019. [PAR] The Prince and The Duchess spend their summer break here each year and enjoy the pursuits of fishing and walking in the beautiful countryside. [PAR] Llwynywermod, near Llandovery in Carmarthenshire, is Their Royal Highnesses' Welsh home. [PAR] Bought in 2007 by the Duchy of Cornwall, the farmhouse was refurbished using local materials and the skills of Welsh craftsmen and women. [PAR] Their Royal Highnesses stay at the house when they are on their Annual Tour of Wales and during their many other visits."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] longest reigning monarch in British history - telegraph.co.uk Should we celebrate when the Queen becomes our longest reigning monarch? - Telegraph [PAR] Should we celebrate when the Queen becomes our longest reigning monarch? [PAR] September 9 marks a historical landmark for our nation yet no official celebrations are planned [PAR] Buckingham Palace says the Queen is 'politically neutral' Photo: Geoff Pugh/The Telegraph [PAR] 7:00AM GMT 22 Mar 2015 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Don\u2019t expect a commemorative stamp. Forget gilded carriages, rows of painted faces along the Mall, cardboard periscopes in red, white and blue. There will be no Red Arrows fly-past, nor any salute of guns in Hyde Park or at the Tower of London; no concert or picnic or fireworks display to disturb the peace of Buckingham Palace gardens. Instead, according to royal aides, Wednesday September 9 2015 will be 'business as usual\u2019. As far as the Palace is concerned, this is not a day for celebration. [PAR] Yet this is not a \u201cusual\u201d day. September 9 represents an extraordinary milestone in our island story. It is the day on which Elizabeth II becomes the longest-reigning monarch in British history , the day on which she breaks the record held for more than a century by her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria. September 9 is the day that casts in a new light the National Anthem\u2019s prayer about a Queen who is \u201clong to reign over us\u201d. [PAR] Victoria\u2019s reign of 23,226 days, 16 hours and 23 minutes \u2013 63 years and seven months \u2013 defined an era and a people. No one was more \u201cVictorian\u201d than the public Victoria, with her sincere do-goodery, lugubrious piety, conspicuous wifely devotion and imperial bombast. (Admittedly, the private woman could be quite different, altogether more kittenishly charming or scabrously Hanoverian, depending on her mood.) In the eyes of her contemporaries, Victoria was the symbol of the age, sturdy as a steam engine and as solidly built as any of Eugenius Birch\u2019s cast-iron seaside piers. Her longevity was interpreted as proof that theirs was, as she herself described it, \u201can epoch of progress\u201d. [PAR] Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years and seven months [PAR] Victoria set her record on September 23 1896. \u201cToday is the day I have reigned longer, by a day, than any English sovereign,\u201d she recorded in her journal. The sovereign she had in mind was her grandfather George III. By then, Victoria was regarded by the majority of her subjects with something close to idolatry. A newspaper announced that there was only \u201cOne Being more majestic than she\u201d: God himself. Victorians responded enthusiastically to Victoria\u2019s historic milestone. Everything from printed handkerchiefs to china plates bore the legend \u201cthe longest reign in history\u201d. No disrespect was implied towards George III. Rather his granddaughter\u2019s subjects revelled in a present they considered more glorious than the past. [PAR] Their reaction was not one Victoria herself desired or encouraged. In 1896 she insisted she wanted no sort of demonstration ahead of the festivities of her Diamond Jubilee. \u201cNotwithstanding that this was made public in the papers,\u201d she wrote, \u201cpeople of all kinds and ranks, from every part of the Kingdom, sent congratulatory telegrams and they kept coming in all day. They were all most loyally expressed and some very prettily.\u201d [PAR] 21 April 1965: The Queen with her family Prince Andrew, Princess Anne, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Edinburgh on the Queen's 39th birthday [PAR] Like her great-great-grandmother before her, Elizabeth II has requested there be no celebrations on September 9. Her attitude is shaped by respect for her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1982: Remember the day a prince was born? - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 21 | 1982: Remember the day a prince was born? [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1982: Remember the day a prince was born? [PAR] Princess Diana gave birth to her first son, Prince William, second in line to the throne back in 1982. [PAR] He was the first heir to the British throne to be born in a hospital. [PAR] Diana had a long labour - 16 hours - but the baby prince was safely delivered at 2103 BST, weighing 7lb 1oz (2.65 kg). [PAR] Crowds gathered outside St Mary's Hospital in London to get a glimpse of the royal newborn. And thousands more went to Buckingham Palace to hear the announcement that Prince William was born. [PAR] Your memories of Prince William's birth: [PAR] I was also born on 21st of June 1982. I was the only [baby in] Devon born within the hour. [PAR] My mother was presented with a christening gown from Boots Ltd to commemorate the birth of Prince William. [PAR] Samantha Place, UK [PAR] I remember being six months' pregnant and watching the football world cup with my husband when the news of Prince William's arrival was flashed on the bottom of the screen. [PAR] I was thrilled to hear the news. However, my husband was most upset as he could not see the action on the pitch - he said the news could have waited till the game was over. [PAR] Coral, USA expat [PAR] I was aged eight and we were all assembled in the school hall to be told the news and to celebrate the birth. Our headmaster stood proudly at his lectern and announced that \"a very special baby boy\" had been born in London. [PAR] He explained that this baby boy was different to other baby boys because he had been born to rule over us. He was a Prince and one day, when we were all grown up, he was going to be our King. [PAR] As children we were all sort of mystified and fascinated by the idea that we had a Prince. I remember wanting to know why there was a Prince and what it was that made him so different and better than other children. [PAR] I couldn't fully understand why all the grown-ups wanted us to celebrate his birth. To a boy of eight it was like being made to worship him! It seemed so irrational and illogical. Yet at the same time it somehow made sense and struck a chord. [PAR] At the end of the afternoon our headmaster said we were all going to sing \"God Save The Queen\". [PAR] As I sang I became aware of this quite magical feeling deep down inside. A profound feeling of duty, loyalty and protectiveness towards the baby Prince. This real sense that I loved him as if he were my own younger brother. [PAR] At that moment I slowly began to realise that I was a monarchist too. [PAR] Neil Welton, United Kingdom [PAR] 21 June 1982 was really special to us, especially to me, because that was the day I had a little brother. My brother Lionel was born exactly the same time as Prince William, even to the minute! Many in the family even wanted him to be named William. [PAR] Later, as he grew up, we used to tease him that God had send two boys to the earth on the same day, one to be the king and the other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 80 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About Queen Elizabeth 80 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About Queen Elizabeth [PAR] 80 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About Queen Elizabeth [PAR] Anagrammy Awards > Miscellaneous files [PAR] 80 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About Queen Elizabeth: [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II is the fortieth monarch since William the Conqueror obtained the crown of England. [PAR] In 2002, aged 76, she was the oldest monarch to celebrate a Golden Jubilee. The youngest was James I (James VI of Scotland) at 51 years. [PAR] Since 1952, she has conferred over 387,700 honours and awards. [PAR] Elizabeth has personally held over 540 Investitures. [PAR] She speaks fluent French and often uses the language for audiences and state visits. She does not require an interpreter. [PAR] The Queen has received over 3 million items of correspondence during her reign. [PAR] Over the course of the reign, around 1.1 million people have attended garden parties at Buckingham Palace or the Palace of Holyrood House (Elizabeth ended Presentation Parties in 1958). [PAR] Over the reign, she has given regular Tuesday evening audiences to 10 British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill 1951-55, Sir Anthony Eden 1955-57, Harold Macmillan 1957-63, Sir Alec Douglas-Home 1963-64, Harold Wilson 1964-70 and 1974-76, Edward Heath 1970-74, James Callaghan 1976-79, Margaret Thatcher 1979-90, John Major 1990-97, Tony Blair 1997-present. There have also been 10 US Presidents during her reign. [PAR] Tony Blair is the first Prime Minister to have been born during her reign. He was born in early May 1953 - a month before the Coronation. [PAR] The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh introduced small, informal luncheon parties at Buckingham Palace to meet distinguished people from all professions, trades and vocations. The first was held on 11th May 1956 and the tradition continues to this day. There are usually 6-8 guests and two members of the Household attending. [PAR] Elizabeth is patron of more than 620 charities and organisations. [PAR] During her reign, she has made more than 256 official overseas visits to 129 different countries. [PAR] Many of Elizabeth's official tours were undertaken on the Royal Yacht Britannia. It was launched by the Queen on April 16, 1953 and was commissioned for service on January 7,1954. It was de- commissioned in December 1997. During this time, Britannia travelled more than a million miles on Royal and official duties. [PAR] Britannia was first used by Elizabeth when she embarked with the Duke of Edinburgh on May 1,1954 at Tobruk for the final stage of their Commonwealth Tour returning to the Pool of London. The last time Elizabeth was on board for an official visit was on August 9, 1997 for a visit to Arran. [PAR] Elizabeth has visited Australia 15 times, Canada 23 times, Jamaica six times and New Zealand 10 times . Her Majesty most recently visited Australia in March 2006 to open the Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. [PAR] Since her accession to the throne in 1952, she has visited Edinburgh nearly every year, taking up residence in the Palace of Holyroodhouse during Holyrood Week. [PAR] During her reign, the Queen has received many unusual gifts including a variety of live animals. The more unusual of which have been placed in the care of the London Zoo - among them jaguars and sloths from Brazil, and two black beavers from Canada. There have also been gifts of pineapples, eggs, a box of snail shells, a grove of maple trees and 7kg of prawns. [PAR] Elizabeth has sent around 100,000 telegrams to centenarians in the UK and the Commonwealth. [PAR] She has sent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth Gives Camilla an Esteemed New Title - TIME Queen Elizabeth II Gives Camilla New Title for Anniversary | TIME.com [PAR] Follow @TIMENewsfeed [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II granted 64-year-old Camilla Parker Bowles, wife of her son Prince Charles, the highest female rank in the Royal Victorian Order to honor Camilla on her seventh wedding anniversary. She is now a Dame Grand Cross. The Queen has the sole right to bestow ranks to individuals who serve her or the monarchy. [PAR] (PHOTOS: An Album of British Royal Weddings ) [PAR] The thought of Camilla working her way so strongly into the hearts of either the English people or the monarch once seemed far-fetched. Camilla was, at times, at least partially blamed for breaking up Charles and Princess Diana and was less than admired when she married Charles. The second marriage for Charles put the monarchy in a conundrum of what title to give Camilla, still not referred to as Princess of Wales out of respect for Diana. [PAR] But as Camilla has proved a more-than-capable royal, the public has widely accepted her. The Duchess of Cornwall has represented the monarch and Prince Charles hundreds of times in the past seven years in public events both at home and abroad. [PAR] The newest Dame Grand Cross was recently seen at a London event with the Queen and the Duchess of Cambridge (we once knew her as Kate Middleton), surely a powerful royal trio. And they all have the titles to back it up."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King George V Biography (Royalty/World War I Figure) King George V Biography (Royalty/World War I Figure) [PAR] Best known as: The King of England during World War I [PAR] Name at birth: George Frederick Ernest Albert [PAR] England's George V was the king of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1910 until 1935, a span that included World War I (1914-18). A naval officer who had seen the reaches of the British empire firsthand, George became heir to the throne when his older brother Edward died in 1892. Upon the death of his father Edward VII , George assumed the throne on 6 May 1910. King George V's reign was marked by several important events, including the Union of South Africa (1910), Ireland's Sinn Fein Rebellion (1916), World War I and labor unrest that led to the General Strike of 1926. Not known for his intellect or education, George V was popular with the public for his ordinary lifestyle, and during the Great War the king earned a reputation for steadiness and a commitment to duty. He famously refused asylum to his Romanov cousin, Nicholas II , after the 1917 Russian Revolution (Nicholas and his family were executed in 1918). To distance himself from his German heritage, George changed the family name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor, and the House of Hanover became the House of Windsor. George and his wife May (known as Mary) had one daughter and five sons, including his successor, Edward VIII and Edward's successor, George VI . [PAR] Extra credit: King George V was seriously injured during a trip to France during World War I when his horse fell on him and broke his pelvis... George married May of Teck in 1893; she had been his brother's fiance\u00e9... King George V had a pet parrot named Charlotte... Czar Nicholas II and George V were first cousins (their mothers were sisters)... The 1986 publication of the papers of the king's personal physician, Lord Dawson of Penn, revealed that the king's death was hastened by injections of heroin and cocaine, a decision made by Dawson on his own. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] First World War.com - Who's Who - King George V First World War.com - Who's Who - King George V [PAR] Who's Who - King George V [PAR] George V (1865-1936) was born on 3 June 1865, the second son of Edward VII and Alexandra. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Following a cursory education at home George opted for a naval career in 1877, serving with his older brother Albert as naval cadets and until the latter left to study at Trinity College in 1882. George remained in the navy as a professional officer until Albert's death in 1892. From this point onwards George assumed the role of the heir-apparent. [PAR] In 1893 he married Princess Mary of Teck, a great-granddaughter of George III. The couple had six children - five sons and a daughter (of which one - John - suffered from epilepsy and (probably) autism, and was hidden from public view). [PAR] With Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901 and Edward VII's accession to the throne, George became direct heir to the throne. [PAR] George's tenure as monarch - 1910-36 - began in the midst of a constitutional crisis in Britain. The Liberal government, under Prime Minister Asquith and Chancellor of the Exchequer Lloyd George , were in dispute with the House of Lords, Parliament's upper chamber. [PAR] The Conservative-dominated upper chamber had rejected Lloyd George's annual finance bill of 1909, a controversial budget which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Queens official Residence in Scotland - Palace of ... The Queens official Residence in Scotland - Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor [PAR] Fee: Yes [PAR] Recommended length of visit: 2-3 hours [PAR] Owner description: The Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence in Scotland of Her Majesty The Queen. The palace stands at the end of Edinburgh's Royal Mile against the spectacular backdrop of Arthur's Seat. This fine palace is closely associated with Scotland's rich history and is used by The Queen when carrying out official engagements in Scotland. The State Apartments reflect the changing tastes of successive monarchs, and are renowned for their fine plasterwork ceilings and unrivalled collection of Brussels tapestries. They are furnished with numerous fine paintings and other works of art, many of which have long associations with Holyroodhouse. The visit to Holyroodhouse includes Mary, Queen of Scots' Chambers and the Darnley Rooms, the setting for many dramatic episodes in Mary's short and turbulent reign. In the Palace's west corner tower are Mary's Bedchamber, described as 'the most famous room in Scotland', and her Outer Chamber, the scene of the murder of her Italian secretary, David Rizzio'. During the summer months, you can join a guided tour of Holyrood Abbey, which lies adjacent to the Palace in the spectacular setting of Arthur's Seat. Escorted by Wardens dressed in their ancient hunting Stewart tartan, you will learn about the building's extraordinary history. [PAR] There are newer reviews for this attraction[DOC] [TLE] The Queens official residence in Edinburgh - Review of ... The Queens official residence in Edinburgh - Review of Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland - TripAdvisor [PAR] Fee: Yes [PAR] Recommended length of visit: 2-3 hours [PAR] Owner description: The Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence in Scotland of Her Majesty The Queen. The palace stands at the end of Edinburgh's Royal Mile against the spectacular backdrop of Arthur's Seat. This fine palace is closely associated with Scotland's rich history and is used by The Queen when carrying out official engagements in Scotland. The State Apartments reflect the changing tastes of successive monarchs, and are renowned for their fine plasterwork ceilings and unrivalled collection of Brussels tapestries. They are furnished with numerous fine paintings and other works of art, many of which have long associations with Holyroodhouse. The visit to Holyroodhouse includes Mary, Queen of Scots' Chambers and the Darnley Rooms, the setting for many dramatic episodes in Mary's short and turbulent reign. In the Palace's west corner tower are Mary's Bedchamber, described as 'the most famous room in Scotland', and her Outer Chamber, the scene of the murder of her Italian secretary, David Rizzio'. During the summer months, you can join a guided tour of Holyrood Abbey, which lies adjacent to the Palace in the spectacular setting of Arthur's Seat. Escorted by Wardens dressed in their ancient hunting Stewart tartan, you will learn about the building's extraordinary history. [PAR] There are newer reviews for this attraction"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full Coverage: Queen Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee - TIME.com 86 Surprising Facts About Queen Elizabeth II - Diamond Jubilee: Queen Elizabeth II of England - TIME [PAR] 86 Surprising Facts About Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] By Anoosh ChakelianWednesday, May 23, 2012 [PAR] Sean Dempsey / Reuters [PAR] 1. She speaks fluent French and often uses the language for audiences and state visits. She does not require an interpreter. [PAR] 2. The Queen has received over 3.5 million items of correspondence during her reign. [PAR] 3. Since 1952, she has conferred over 404,500 honors and awards. [PAR] 4. Elizabeth has personally held 610 investitures. An investiture is the ceremony in which an honor is bestowed on someone for their good services; the recognitions are published twice a year, in the Queen's Birthday Honors and New Year's Honors lists. [PAR] 5. Queen Elizabeth II is Britain's 40th monarch since William the Conqueror was crowned. [PAR] (Get TIME's new book The Royal Family: The House of Windsor, Past, Present and Future) [PAR] 6. In 2002, at 76, Elizabeth became the oldest monarch to celebrate a Golden Jubilee. The youngest was James I (James VI of Scotland), at age 51. [PAR] 7. About 1.5 million people have attended garden parties at Buckingham Palace or the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Scotland since Elizabeth has been on the throne. [PAR] 8. Over the course of her reign, she has given regular Tuesday-evening audiences to 12 British Prime Ministers: Winston Churchill, 1951\u009655; Sir Anthony Eden, 1955\u009657; Harold Macmillan, 1957\u009663; Sir Alec Douglas-Home, 1963\u009664; Harold Wilson, 1964\u009670 and 1974\u009676; Edward Heath, 1970\u009674; James Callaghan, 1976\u009679; Margaret Thatcher, 1979\u009690; John Major, 1990\u009697; Tony Blair, 1997\u00962007; Gordon Brown, 2007\u00962010; and David Cameron, 2010-present. [PAR] 9. There have been 12 U.S. Presidents during her reign. [PAR] 10. Tony Blair is the first Prime Minister to have been born during her reign. He was born in early May 1953, a month before her coronation. [PAR] 11. The Queen and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, introduced small, informal luncheon parties at Buckingham Palace to meet distinguished people from all professions, trades and vocations. The first was held on May 11, 1956, and the tradition continues to this day. There are usually six to eight guests and two members of the royal household in attendance. [PAR] 12. Elizabeth is patron of more than 600 charities and organizations. [PAR] 13. In the past 60 years, the Queen has undertaken 261 official overseas visits, including 96 state visits, to 116 different countries. [PAR] 14. In 2005, she claimed ownership of 88 cygnets (young swans) on the River Thames. They are looked after by a swan marker. The first royal swan keeper was appointed around the 12th century. [PAR] 15. Technically, the Queen still owns the sturgeons, whales and dolphins in the waters around the U.K. A statute from 1324, during the reign of King Edward II, states, \"Also the King shall have ... whales and sturgeons taken in the sea or elsewhere within the realm.\" This statute is still valid today, and sturgeons, porpoises, whales and dolphins are recognized as \"fishes royal\": when they are captured within 3 miles (about 5 km) of U.K. shores or wash ashore, they may be claimed on behalf of the Crown. Generally, when brought into port, a sturgeon is sold in the usual way, and the purchaser, as a gesture of loyalty, requests the honor of its being accepted by Elizabeth. [PAR] (PHOTOS: Extraordinary Images of the Queen from the National Portrait Gallery) [PAR] 16. In the summer of 2005, she opened the first children's trail in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. George's Day in United Kingdom - timeanddate.com St. George's Day in United Kingdom [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays United Kingdom St. George's Day [PAR] St. George's Day in United Kingdom [PAR] St George's Day in England remembers St George, England's patron saint. The anniversary of his death, which is on April 23, is seen as England's national day. According to legend, he was a soldier in the Roman army who killed a dragon and saved a princess. [PAR] According to legend, St George slayed a dragon. Many Christians observe St George's Day in the UK, although it is not a public holiday. [PAR] According to legend, St George slayed a dragon. Many Christians observe St George's Day in the UK, although it is not a public holiday. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/bogdb [PAR] Celebrate St George's Day [PAR] St George's Day used to be a national holiday in England. It is now an observance that is celebrated with parades, dancing and other activities. Flags with the image of St George's cross are flown on some buildings, especially pubs, and a few people wear a red rose on their lapel. Church services on the Sunday closest to April 23 often include the hymn 'Jerusalem', written by the poet William Blake. The words describe a supposed visit to Glastonbury, England, by Jesus Christ during his youth. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] April 23 is not a public holiday. Schools, stores, post offices, businesses and other organizations are open as usual. Public transport services run to their usual timetables. [PAR] About St George's Day [PAR] St George was born sometime around the year 280 in what is now Turkey. He was a soldier and rose up through the ranks of the Roman army, eventually becoming a personal guard to the Emperor Diocletian. He was executed for being a Christian on April 23, 303, and is buried in the town of Lod in Israel. [PAR] St George is most widely known for slaying a dragon. According to legend, the only well in the town of Silene was guarded by a dragon. In order to get water, the inhabitants of the town had to offer a human sacrifice every day to the dragon. The person to be sacrificed was chosen by lots. On the day that St George was visiting, a princess had been selected to be sacrificed. However, he killed the dragon, saved the princess and gave the people of Silene access to water. In gratitude, they converted to Christianity. It is thought that the dragon represents a certain type of pagan belief that included the sacrifice of human beings. [PAR] St George's Day was once celebrated as widely as Christmas. But the celebrations waned by the end of the 18th century after England had united with Scotland on May 1, 1707. In recent times, there has been a push, involving campaigns and petitions, to make the day a public holiday in England. [PAR] St George is the patron saint of a number of other places, such as Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Portugal and Russia. He is also remembered in some regional holidays, such as in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada and among the Gorani people who live in a mountainous area in the Balkans and were converted to Islam many centuries ago, but still observe St George's Day. Around the world, a number of days are devoted to St George, including April 23 and dates in November and December of the Gregorian calendar. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] The most widely recognized symbol of St George's Day is St George's cross. This is a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002) - News - IMDb Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002) - News [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 19 October 2016 9:01 AM, PDT | Blogomatic3000 | See recent Blogomatic3000 news \u00bb [PAR] In the golden age of movies, big name actors would often direct and produce their own movies. Spending 16 hour days on a film set is sure to teach you a thing or two about filmmaking and in some cases, this helps actors make the best directors. With the Cambridge Film Festival coming up, Cambridge storage solutions provider Storebox, wanted to celebrate a few of those actors who decided to branch out in the industry. They take a look at some of the \u2018actor to director\u2019 success stories and highlight just a few of the actors who took to directing and won. [PAR] Ron Howard [PAR] Some may know Ron Howard better as Happy Days Richie Cunningham , and best friend of The Fonz. However, after leaving the hit show in 1980, he changed course and directed his first, low-budget film Grand Theft Auto. Since his directorial debut, Ron Howard has gone on to direct \u00bb [PAR] - Phil Wheat [PAR] 26 July 2016 11:00 PM, PDT | Movies.com | See recent Movies.com news \u00bb [PAR] Here are a bunch of little bites to satisfy your hunger for movie culture: Redone Trailer of the Day: With only days left until Jason Bourne arrives in theaters, here's a version of its trailer redone in 8-bit video game style: Proof of Concept Trailer of the Day: With good timing for the 50th anniversary of Star Trek , below is a great proof of concept trailer for a Gene Roddenberry biopic that's in the works called The Pilot. It repurposes clips from Confessions of a Dangerous Mind , Argo and other movies (via Geek Tyrant): Cosplay of the Day: This little girl cosplaying as Chewbacca (at Comic-Con?) would be adorable enough to share, but the fact that Peter Mayhew loves it makes it all the more... [PAR] Read More [PAR] 26 July 2016 11:00 PM, PDT | Movies.com | See recent Movies.com news \u00bb [PAR] Here are a bunch of little bites to satisfy your hunger for movie culture: Redone Trailer of the Day: With only days left until Jason Bourne arrives in theaters, here's a version of its trailer redone in 8-bit video game style: Proof of Concept Trailer of the Day: With good timing for the 50th anniversary of Star Trek , below is a great proof of concept trailer for a Gene Roddenberry biopic that's in the works called The Pilot. It repurposes clips from Confessions of a Dangerous Mind , Argo and other movies (via Geek Tyrant): Cosplay of the Day: This little girl cosplaying as Chewbacca (at Comic-Con?) would be adorable enough to share, but the fact that Peter Mayhew loves it makes it all the more... [PAR] Read More [PAR] 18 May 2016 10:00 AM, PDT | PEOPLE.com | See recent PEOPLE.com news \u00bb [PAR] Everyone in Hollywood seems to be friends with everyone else, but for Julia Roberts and George Clooney , the affection is real. \"What a relief we're not Hollywood friends,\" said Roberts and she and her Money Monster costar sat down with People recently in Cannes. \"I just said to him an hour ago, 'Thank God we really do like each other, or we'd be in hell.' \" Where they are is at the glitzy film festival in the South of France talking about their fourth film together"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Talking Point | Who is the Greatest Briton? BBC NEWS | Talking Point | Who is the Greatest Briton? [PAR] Tuesday, 27 August, 2002, 16:37 GMT 17:37 UK [PAR] Who is the Greatest Briton? [PAR] David Beckham and DJ John Peel have beaten Constable and Wordsworth to make it into a poll of Britain's top 100 heroes. [PAR] More than 30,000 people across the country were asked to pick a person who epitomised greatness, for a survey conducted for the BBC's new Great Britons programme. [PAR] The list includes 20 scientists, engineers and inventors, 14 royals and just one television presenter - David Attenborough. [PAR] Most of the 22 still living come from the world of music - with soccer's David Beckham and five-time Olympic rower Sir Steve Redgrave the only sportsmen. [PAR] Who is your British hero - and why? What do you think of the people who made the top 100? [PAR] This debate is now closed. [PAR] Your reaction [PAR] Issac Newton discovered gravity, invented calculus, formulated the basic laws of mechanics and motion that are still the basis of most science and engineering. And he achieved most of it while he was an undergraduate. In any list of greatest Britons, he must be at or near the top. [PAR] Robert, USA [PAR] I would add Kenneth Williams [PAR] Jon Blanthorn, Toronto [PAR] For pure defining \"Britishness\" I would add Kenneth Williams because he defined a certain attitude and comedy that could only ever be British and will probably not exist again. Also, the truly British band Saint Etienne. French name but every song generates English imagery and sentiments. They've both influenced me and reminded me what it means to be British when in another country. [PAR] Jon Blanthorn, Toronto, Canada [PAR] My dad. [PAR] Elaine, UK [PAR] Notable by his absence is William Wilberforce, who probably did more than anyone else to abolish the slave trade - not just having the ideas but dedicating his life to bringing about change. [PAR] Of course, given the fairly loose definition, I can not see anyone being more deserving than Mohandas K. Gandhi (he was educated in England and certainly had a huge impact on Britain) - one of the greatest humans ever, never mind Britons. [PAR] Dave G, UK [PAR] Charles Darwin without a doubt. Philosophers have asked for centuries why we are here. The answer is evolution, and Darwin's contribution to our understanding of this phenomena is greater than that of anyone else. Once one has grasped the significance of evolution then superstition and religion can be put aside. Darwin is ahead of everybody, not just Britons. [PAR] Karl Hemsley, England [PAR] Alan Turing. The father of modern computing, plus his invaluable contribution to the war effort. As a codebreaker, his skills saved countless lives, and arguably, won the war for us. Sadly persecuted by the British Government. As a nation, we owe so much to him. [PAR] Pete Baker, ENGLAND [PAR] Who else would lecture the prime minister on his sex life? [PAR] Arran, Edinburgh [PAR] Rather than celebrating just Britons, why not extend the definition to include those who have made an outstanding contribution to national life. That way, Germaine Greer would get the recognition she deserves. Who else would lecture the prime minister on his sex life?? [PAR] Arran, Edinburgh [PAR] The list seems to be overwhelmed with inventors and royals. How about the greatest filmmaker in the world today: Ridley Scott? Or Roald Dahl, without whom my childhood would never have been the same. And why are there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Orwell | British author | Britannica.com George Orwell | British author | Britannica.com [PAR] British author [PAR] Alternative Title: Eric Arthur Blair [PAR] George Orwell [PAR] Virginia Woolf [PAR] George Orwell, pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair (born June 25, 1903, Motihari , Bengal, India \u2014died January 21, 1950, London , England ), English novelist, essayist, and critic famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), the latter a profound anti- utopian novel that examines the dangers of totalitarian rule. [PAR] George Orwell. [PAR] BBC Copyright [PAR] Born Eric Arthur Blair, Orwell never entirely abandoned his original name, but his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London , appeared in 1933 as the work of George Orwell (the surname he derived from the beautiful River Orwell in East Anglia). In time his nom de plume became so closely attached to him that few people but relatives knew his real name was Blair. The change in name corresponded to a profound shift in Orwell\u2019s lifestyle, in which he changed from a pillar of the British imperial establishment into a literary and political rebel. [PAR] Early life [PAR] He was born in Bengal, into the class of sahibs. His father was a minor British official in the Indian civil service; his mother, of French extraction, was the daughter of an unsuccessful teak merchant in Burma (Myanmar). Their attitudes were those of the \u201clandless gentry,\u201d as Orwell later called lower-middle-class people whose pretensions to social status had little relation to their income. Orwell was thus brought up in an atmosphere of impoverished snobbery. After returning with his parents to England, he was sent in 1911 to a preparatory boarding school on the Sussex coast, where he was distinguished among the other boys by his poverty and his intellectual brilliance. He grew up a morose, withdrawn, eccentric boy, and he was later to tell of the miseries of those years in his posthumously published autobiographical essay , Such, Such Were the Joys (1953). [PAR] Orwell won scholarships to two of England\u2019s leading schools, Winchester and Eton, and chose the latter. He stayed from 1917 to 1921. Aldous Huxley was one of his masters, and it was at Eton that he published his first writing in college periodicals. Instead of accepting a scholarship to a university, Orwell decided to follow family tradition and, in 1922, went to Burma as assistant district superintendent in the Indian Imperial Police. He served in a number of country stations and at first appeared to be a model imperial servant. Yet from boyhood he had wanted to become a writer, and when he realized how much against their will the Burmese were ruled by the British, he felt increasingly ashamed of his role as a colonial police officer. Later he was to recount his experiences and his reactions to imperial rule in his novel Burmese Days and in two brilliant autobiographical sketches, \u201c Shooting an Elephant\u201d and \u201c A Hanging,\u201d classics of expository prose. [PAR] Against imperialism [PAR] Scientists Ponder Menopause in Killer Whales [PAR] In 1927 Orwell, on leave to England, decided not to return to Burma, and on January 1, 1928, he took the decisive step of resigning from the imperial police. Already in the autumn of 1927 he had started on a course of action that was to shape his character as a writer. Having felt guilty that the barriers of race and caste had prevented his mingling with the Burmese, he thought he could expiate some of his guilt by immersing himself in the life of the poor and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George and Mildred (1980) - IMDb George and Mildred (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Mildred decides that she and George will celebrate their anniversary at a posh London hotel - whatever the cost. However, a shady businessman mistakes George for a hit man. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Peter Frazer-Jones (as Peter Frazer Jones) [PAR] Writers: [PAR] a list of 521 titles [PAR] created 11 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 07 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 179 titles [PAR] created 03 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 1753 titles [PAR] created 15 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Title: George and Mildred (1980) [PAR] 5.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] George and Mildred Roper are forced to leave their home in South Kensington (as the landlords in Man About the House (1973)) when they receive a compulsory purchase order from the council. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Yootha Joyce, Brian Murphy, Norman Eshley [PAR] Finally the house that Robin, Chris and Jo share a flat in is demolished an two spin offs are made - Robin's Nest and George & Minded (Mr & Mrs Roper). [PAR] Stars: Richard O'Sullivan, Paula Wilcox, Sally Thomsett [PAR] The sinister Dr Watt has an evil scheme going. He's kidnapping beautiful young women and turning them into mannequins to sell to local stores. Fortunately for Dr Watt, Detective-Sergeant ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Gerald Thomas [PAR] The staff of Grace Bros. take a trip to Costa Plonka while the department is being remodeled. [PAR] Director: Bob Kellett [PAR] Stingy English landlord Rigsby manages to scam his lodgers Cooper, an arts student, and Philip, an African jock, making both pay for a room they must share. However Rigsby's favorite lodger... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Joseph McGrath [PAR] 1970s English suburbia: middle-aged homeowner Sid Abbot just wants to get on with building his illegal whisky still, but is frustrated by his workshy son, and otherworldly daughter. Then ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Gerald Thomas [PAR] The time of the French revolution, and Citizen Robespierre is beheading the French aristocracy. When word gets to England, two noblemen, Sir Rodney Ffing and Lord Darcy take it upon ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Gerald Thomas [PAR] This is the tale of industrial strife at WC Boggs' Lavatory factory. Vic Spanner is the union representative who calls a strike at the drop of a hat; eventually everyone has to get fed up ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Gerald Thomas [PAR] Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. But Harold, who likes the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Cliff Owen [PAR] Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. Always on the lookout for ways... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Peter Sykes [PAR] Arthur loses all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rainbow's Bungle Paul Cullinan who wore bear costume ... Rainbow's Bungle Paul Cullinan who wore bear costume auditions on BBC's The Voice | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Paul Cullinan, the voice behind Bungle, will appear on The Voice on Saturday [PAR] One of the characters from cult children's show Rainbow has made an unexpected TV comeback on BBC talent show The Voice. [PAR] Child's entertainer Paul Cullinan played large furry bear Bungle in the classic ITV series, alongside much-loved puppets Zippy and George. [PAR] But on Saturday, Bungle's alter-ego will reappear on TV for the first time in almost 25 years - as a contestant on the singing show. [PAR] However, when he reveals to judges that he has previously starred on Rainbow, just one of the four knew what he was talking about. [PAR] It falls to Kaiser Chiefs frontman Ricky Wilson to explain to his fellow judges - will.i.am, Rita Ora and Sir Tom Jones - that he was 'a slightly camp bear called Bungle'. [PAR] During the audition, due to air on Saturday, Ricky adds: 'There was a guy called Geoffrey who lived in a house with a pink hippo, a thing, I don't know what he was, called Zippy, with a zip for a mouth.' [PAR] Neither Rita, 24, nor Sir Tom Jones, 74, know anything about the programme. [PAR] 'I haven't seen it, obviously I had a rubbish childhood,' said the former. [PAR] will.i.am then grabs his iPad and finds the Rainbow theme tune, encouraging the studio audience to sing along. [PAR] Cullinan, 48, was the last of three actors to play Bungle in the hit show, which ran from 1972 to 1992. [PAR] Geoffrey Hayes, now 74, struggled to find work after the show ended and took a job as a shelf stacker before becoming a taxi driver. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] This year, UKIP's deputy leader Paul Nuttall was also forced to deny that he starred as Bungle in Rainbow after an internet prank. The fourth series of The Voice starts on BBC1 on Saturday. [PAR] Bungle, Zippy, George and Geoffrey Hayes star in the vintage children's programme, Rainbow [PAR] Of the four new judges, only Ricky Wilson recognised the children's programme. American will.i.am (left) was understandably in the dark, while Rits Ora, 24, and Sir Tom Jones (right), said they didn't remember it [PAR] WHERE ARE THEY NOW: WHAT'S HAPPENED TO BUNGLE, ZIPPY & GEORGE? [PAR] David Cook (presenter) [PAR] Cook, 74, presented the first and second series of Rainbow. He went on to write two novels about a boy with learning disabilities called Walter. A radio play in 2009 saw Walter become a pensioner. [PAR] Geoffrey Hayes (presenter) [PAR] Hayes, 72, who joined Rainbow in the third series, found it difficult to find work after the show was dropped by ITV in 1992 - and even stacked supermarket shelves, before becoming a taxi driver. [PAR] John Leeson (Bungle) [PAR] Leeson is best known for voicing K-9 in Doctor Who in the 1970s and 1980s. He has since voiced the character again in various spin-offs, and has also served as a magistrate. He is now 71. [PAR] With Bungle: David Cook, who is now aged 74, presented the first and second series of Rainbow [PAR] Rainbow stars: Geoffrey Hayes (left, a presenter from series three) and John Leeson (right, Bungle) [PAR] Stanley Bates (Bungle) [PAR] Bates, who played Bungle from 1973 to 1988, was bound over to keep the peace by magistrates in 2001 after appearing on a charge of assaulting a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Benson - Give Me The Night - YouTube George Benson - Give Me The Night - YouTube [PAR] George Benson - Give Me The Night [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 1, 2010 [PAR] -1980- Full vinyl 12\" absolute classic. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George of the Jungle Theatrical Trailer (1997) - YouTube George of the Jungle Theatrical Trailer (1997) - YouTube [PAR] George of the Jungle Theatrical Trailer (1997) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 29, 2012 [PAR] Brendan Fraser (and his body of sin) takes on the title role inspired by the classic cartoon series. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1895-1952) King George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1895-1952) [PAR] King George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1895-1952) [PAR] King George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1895-1952) [PAR] View other collectors [PAR] The second son of King George V and Queen Mary [PAR] Served in the Royal Navy during the First World War [PAR] Duke of York from 1920 to 1936, living in London and also (from 1932) at Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park [PAR] In 1923 married Lady Elizabeth Bowes Lyon; their elder daughter, later HM Queen Elizabeth II, was born in 1926 [PAR] Succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his brother, King Edward VIII, in December 1936 [PAR] With Queen Elizabeth, paid state visits to France in 1938, and to Canada and the USA in 1939 [PAR] With his consort was a focal point for the nation throughout the Second World War [PAR] Instituted the George Cross and George Medal (1940), awarded for acts of bravery by citizens, and organised displays of Orders, Medals and Decorations at Windsor [PAR] Following the declarations of independence by Pakistan and India in 1947, ceased to be Emperor of India [PAR] In 1948 revived the annual ceremonial for the Order of the Garter at Windsor, where he is buried [PAR] Added paintings by Ricci, Kneller and Knyff to the Collection [PAR] Reigned: 1936\u201352[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - King George VI (pictures, video, facts & news) BBC - History - King George VI (pictures, video, facts & news) [PAR] King George VI [PAR] King George VI [PAR] George VI became king suddenly following the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII, in 1936. He worked hard to adapt to this unexpected role, particularly during the difficult years of World War Two. [PAR] Picture: King George VI making his radio broadcast to the nation after the outbreak of World War II, 3 September 1939. (Getty Images) [PAR] Features in: [PAR] The King's speech at the outbreak of World War II [PAR] H.M. King George VI's speech from Buckingham Palace at the outbreak of World War II. [PAR] His Majesty King George VI delivers a speech at the outbreak of World War II. Speaking from Buckingham Palace, he addresses his people at home and overseas. [PAR] The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Highlights from the Queen\u2019s coronation in Westminster Abbey and the subsequent procession through the streets of London. Narrated by Sir Laurence Olivier. (Footage: ITN Source/ITV Studios) [PAR] Highlights from the Queen\u2019s coronation in Westminster Abbey and the subsequent procession through the streets of London. Narrated by Sir Laurence Olivier. (Footage: ITN Source/ITV Studios) [PAR] The early life of the Queen [PAR] Andrew Marr tells the story of the Queen\u2019s happy childhood and her life as a young woman. He traces her life from her birth in 1926 until the death of her father King George VI in 1952. [PAR] Andrew Marr tells the story of the Queen\u2019s happy childhood and her life as a young woman. He traces her life from her birth in 1926 until the death of her father King George VI in 1952. [PAR] The King's speech at the outbreak of World War II [PAR] H.M. King George VI's speech from Buckingham Palace at the outbreak of World War II. [PAR] His Majesty King George VI delivers a speech at the outbreak of World War II. Speaking from Buckingham Palace, he addresses his people at home and overseas. [PAR] 03/09/2011 [PAR] Clive Anderson talks to Tony Blackburn, Geordie Greig, Terry O'Neill and Sharon Horgan."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis Explained Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis Explained [PAR] [PAR] What are Northern Lights? [PAR] The bright dancing lights of the aurora are actually collisions between electrically charged particles from the sun that enter the earth's atmosphere. The lights are seen above the magnetic poles of the northern and southern hemispheres. They are known as 'Aurora borealis' in the north and 'Aurora australis' in the south.. [PAR] Auroral displays appear in many colours although pale green and pink are the most common. Shades of red, yellow, green, blue, and violet have been reported. The lights appear in many forms from patches or scattered clouds of light to streamers, arcs, rippling curtains or shooting rays that light up the sky with an eerie glow. [PAR] What causes the Northern Lights? [PAR] The Northern Lights are actually the result of collisions between gaseous particles in the Earth's atmosphere with charged particles released from the sun's atmosphere. Variations in colour are due to the type of gas particles that are colliding. The most common auroral color, a pale yellowish-green, is produced by oxygen molecules located about 60 miles above the earth. Rare, all-red auroras are produced by high-altitude oxygen, at heights of up to 200 miles. Nitrogen produces blue or purplish-red aurora. [PAR] The connection between the Northern Lights and sunspot activity has been suspected since about 1880. Thanks to research conducted since the 1950's, we now know that electrons and protons from the sun are blown towards the earth on the 'solar wind'. (Note: 1957-58 was International Geophysical Year and the atmosphere was studied extensively with balloons, radar, rockets and satellites. Rocket research is still conducted by scientists at Poker Flats, a facility under the direction of the University of Alaska at Fairbanks - see web page http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ [PAR] The temperature above the surface of the sun is millions of degrees Celsius. At this temperature, collisions between gas molecules are frequent and explosive. Free electrons and protons are thrown from the sun's atmosphere by the rotation of the sun and escape through holes in the magnetic field. Blown towards the earth by the solar wind, the charged particles are largely deflected by the earth's magnetic field. However, the earth's magnetic field is weaker at either pole and therefore some particles enter the earth's atmosphere and collide with gas particles. These collisions emit light that we perceive as the dancing lights of the north (and the south). [PAR] The lights of the Aurora generally extend from 80 kilometres (50 miles) to as high as 640 kilometres (400 miles) above the earth's surface. [PAR] [PAR] Where is the best place to watch the Northern Lights? [PAR] Northern Lights can be seen in the northern or southern hemisphere, in an irregularly shaped oval centred over each magnetic pole. The lights are known as 'Aurora borealis' in the north and 'Aurora australis' in the south. Scientists have learned that in most instances northern and southern auroras are mirror-like images that occur at the same time, with similar shapes and colors. [PAR] Because the phenomena occurs near the magnetic poles, northern lights have been seen as far south as New Orleans in the western hemisphere, while similar locations in the east never experience the mysterious lights. However the best places to watch the lights (in North America) are in the northwestern parts of Canada, particularly the Yukon, Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Alaska. Auroral displays can also be seen over the southern tip of Greenland and Iceland, the northern coast of Norway and over the coastal waters north of Siberia. Southern auroras"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jason Hatch - Fathers 4 Justice Jason Hatch - Fathers 4 Justice [PAR] Jason Hatch - Fathers 4 Justice [PAR] Wednesday, 3 October 2007 [PAR] Two cleared in handcuffed MP case [PAR] Mr Hatch and Mr Stanseby were cleared of false imprisonment [PAR] A fathers' rights campaigner who handcuffed himself to former children's minister Margaret Hodge has been cleared of false imprisonment. [PAR] Mrs Hodge was ambushed at a Law Society conference at the Lowry Hotel in Salford, Greater Manchester, in 2004. [PAR] The MP was handcuffed for 20 minutes Manchester Crown Court heard. [PAR] Jonathan Stanesby, 41, from Ivybridge, Devon, was cleared along with Jason Hatch, 35, from Cheltenham, who tried but failed to reach the MP. [PAR] Mrs Hodge, who is now culture minister, had to be freed with bolt cutters. [PAR] The minister was at the Lowry Hotel on 19 November for a conference called \"Battle of the Sexes\". [PAR] Margaret Hodge MP was at a Law Society conference [PAR] She was handcuffed by Mr Stanesby as she took part in a question-and-answer session afterwards. [PAR] He cuffed her wrist to his, saying: \"Margaret Hodge, I'm arresting you for covering up child abuse.\" [PAR] This was a reference to Mrs Hodge's time as a councillor in Islington, north London. [PAR] Mr Hatch also attempted to handcuff the Cabinet minister and MP for Barking but was blocked from reaching her by Mrs Hodge's assistant private secretary. [PAR] At the trial Mrs Hodge described how she was \"distressed\" by the activists' actions. [PAR] 'Upset and disturbed' [PAR] \"I did have a pain on my wrist for about six months afterwards,\" she said. [PAR] \"I was upset and I was very disturbed by that incident.\" [PAR] But Kyri Argyropoulos, for Mr Stanesby, suggested that the minister was not prepared to meet members of Fathers 4 Justice because of their past behaviour. [PAR] He suggested she was \"far from accessible\" - a charge Mrs Hodge denied. [PAR] Alan Wolstenholme, prosecuting, said the men \"went much further than they were entitled to do\". [PAR] The verdicts were met with cheers and applause from Fathers 4 Justice supporters in the public gallery. [PAR] The court heard how both men had previously been involved in high-profile protests for the group. [PAR] Mr Hatch, who gained notoriety after scaling the walls of Buckingham Palace dressed as Batman, thanked the jury after the not guilty verdict was read out. [PAR] He said he was \"ecstatic\" at the verdict. [PAR] \"The jury are sending a clear message that the family law courts must be overhauled immediately. [PAR] \"The breakdown in our society can quite clearly be traced to the breakdown of families. The only way this can be rectified is by stopping the secrecy of family courts. [PAR] \"I carried out a citizen's arrest on Margaret Hodge and it looks like the jury thought I was justified to do so.\" [PAR] Posted by Glos Fathers at 14:37 [PAR] Saturday, 29 September 2007 [PAR] COURT TOLD PROTESTERS HANDCUFFED MP [PAR] Two fathers' rights protesters - one from Ivybridge - handcuffed former children's minister Margaret Hodge during a family law conference, a court heard today. [PAR] Jason Hatch, 35, and Jonathan 'Jolly' Stanesby, 41, walked up to the MP during a question-and-answer session in Salford, Greater Manchester and grabbed her by the arms, Manchester's Minshull Street Crown Court was told. [PAR] Stanesby, of Ivybridge, told the minister she was being \"arrested\" for child abuse before cuffing her left wrist to his, the court heard. [PAR] Mrs Hodge, who is MP for Barking, was trapped in the fixed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] River Nene - Major Rivers Of The British Isles - Google Sites River Nene - Major Rivers Of The British Isles [PAR] Major Rivers Of The British Isles [PAR] Image courtesy of Richard Dear, wikimedia commons [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The River Nene is an important drainage river situated in eastern England. The river is the country's tenth longest river at ninety one miles long with a catchment area of six hundred and thirty one square miles. The river is also unique for having three sources. [PAR] The river starts life at three locations in the county of Northamptonshire, at Arbury Hill to the west where this stream is known as the Daventry Nene and at Naseby and Yelvertoft to the north where these two streams are known as the Brampton Nene and the Yelvertoft Nene. [PAR] These three streams converge at Northampton Lock on the junction of the Grand Union Canal. [PAR] From Northampton the river meanders in an easterly direction through the flat, wide Nene Valley, passing the towns of Great Gidding, Earl's Barton, Wellingborough, Thrapston, Oundle, the City of Peterborough, March, Guyhirn, Wisbech, Sutton Bridge, Tydd Gote and Gedney Drove End, before eventually draining into England's largest bay, The Wash, situated on the coasts of Lincolnshire and Norfolk, which the Nene also shares with it's tributaries the Rivers Welland and Witham and the Rivet Great Ouse. [PAR] The river flows through miles of open, flat countryside where it passes under the Grand Union Canal, the West Coast Railway Line and part of the M1 Motorway as it makes it\u2019s way past the nineteenth century, Kislingbury Watermill just outside Northampton, the one hundred and ten mile long, Nene Way, long distance footpath, the seven point five mile long, Nene Valley Railway at Peterborough, the one hundred and eighty acre, Titchmarsh Nature Reserve at Thrapston, the thirty seven acre, Barnwell Country Park at Oundle, Oundle Marina, the Bronze Age Archeological Park at Flag Fen near Whittlesey and the River Nene Washes, a three thousand, seven hundred acre Ramsar Wetland and Special Protected Area (SPA) situated east of the City of Peterborough. [PAR] The river has several tributaries the largest of which are the sixty five mile long, River Welland and the eighty two mile long River Witham. [PAR] The river also links the Grand Union Canal with the River Great Ouse at Salter\u2019s Lode at Middle Level, a two hundred and seventy square mile, low lying fenland drainage system which is located at or slightly below sea level and is criss-crossed with a multitude of drains and dykes. [PAR] The river is navigable for eighty eight miles, from Northampton through to the Wash, where it is served by seven sluices and thirty seven locks. The river is also served by four railway viaducts located at Irthlingborough, Thrapston, Wansford and Wellingborough and several road and pedestrian bridges. There is an interesting old stone bridge located in the Northamptonshire town of Oundle, a brick built bridge in the Northamptonshire town of Yarwell, a nine arch, stone bridge located in the village of Islip in Northamptonshire, pictured above, a Grade II Listed, single span, iron bridge located in Wisbech in Norfolk which was opened in 1857 and the City of Peterborough\u2019s London Road Bridge, a three arch, concrete road bridge which was opened in 1934, located in the county of Cambridgeshire. [PAR] [PAR] There are two lighthouses on the river situated at Guy's Head, Long Sutton which were never built as functioning lighthouses. They are known as the East Lighthouse, located on the east bank of the River Nene and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Original Blues Brothers Band The Original Blues Brothers Band [PAR] The Original Blues Brothers Band [PAR] The Original Blues Brothers Band [PAR] It was always about the music. Jake and Elwood may have fronted the show, but to back them up they made sure to have the meanest, sickest line-up of badass blues cats ever assembled. These were the men behind Otis Redding, Booker T & the MGs, Muddy Waters, James Cotton, Wilson Pickett, Sam & Dave, and the SNL Band -- just to name a few. These players have since emerged as a powerful entity in their own right, and although scheduling makes it difficult, they have played together sporadically over the past three decades. Since regrouping in 1988, the 'Original' Blues Brothers Band has triumphantly performed in international venues large and small, headlining at most of the jazz and blues festivals throughout Europe, such as Nimes Fair, France; North Sea Jazz Festival, the Netherlands; Pistoia Blues Festival, Italy; and, most famously, at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland, playing to audiences estimated up to 60,000 in one performance. Book them for a night of masterful, magical, chest-thumpin' blues, gospel, and soul."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAQ - Archbishop of Canterbury FAQ [PAR] FAQ [PAR] Q: How can I contact the Archbishop of Canterbury? [PAR] A: Details of the correspondence address, email address, and telephone number for Lambeth Palace can be found on the ' Contact ' page of this site. [PAR] Q: Does the Archbishop read and reply to all the correspondence he receives? [PAR] A: The Archbishop values the letters and emails that people send to him and is grateful that so many take the trouble to write. He hopes correspondents will understand that because so many letters and emails are sent to him, he is unable to read or reply personally to many of them. In these circumstances he instructs his staff to reply on his behalf, in accordance with agreed policies, and is regularly informed about the nature and content of the incoming correspondence that he does not have the opportunity to see. [PAR] Sometimes a particular campaign, public debate or issue will generate a substantial amount of communication from the public, making it impossible for a reply to be issued to each individual correspondent. It is very much hoped that the absence of a reply in such cases will not be interpreted as a discourtesy, or a lack of interest in what they have to say. [PAR] Q: How can I visit / take a guided tour / hold an event at Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: Please see our visit Lambeth Palace page . [PAR] Q: Can I invite the Archbishop to an event, or to my local church? [PAR] A: If you wish to extend an invitation to the Archbishop, please do so in writing using the details on the ' Contact ' page. Do bear in mind that there are many demands on the Archbishop's time and as a result he is often unable to accept as many invitations as he would like. [PAR] Q: Can you tell me where my nearest church is? [PAR] A: If you are a UK resident the website 'A Church Near You' can give you details of where your nearest Anglican Church can be found. [PAR] Q: Where is Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: Lambeth Palace is situated south of the Thames on Lambeth Palace Road, London. Click here to see a map showing the location of Lambeth Palace. [PAR] Q: Does the Archbishop really live at Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: The Archbishop of Canterbury lives in a flat in part of the Palace. It is his official London residence. [PAR] He is also able to use accommodation at \u2018The Old Palace\u2019 in the precincts of Canterbury Cathedral when he is in Canterbury Diocese. [PAR] Q: How old is Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: The oldest parts of Lambeth Palace date back to 1197. Morton's Tower, the main entrance to the Palace was constructed in approximately 1490. The Great Hall, now part of Lambeth Palace Library was reconstructed by Archbishop Juxon after 1660. The main sections of the Palace that you will see today were designed by Architect William Blore in 1833. The newest section of the Palace, the Atrium, was opened by The Prince of Wales in the year 2000. [PAR] See the ' Lambeth Palace ' section for more information. [PAR] Q: Who does what at Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: The Archbishop is supported by a dedicated team of advisers, administrators and clerical, technical and maintenance staff at Lambeth Palace - see further details here .[DOC] [TLE] The Archbishop of Canterbury The Archbishop of Canterbury [PAR] In his first full-length book, Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby looks at the subject of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier [PAR] Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Frans Hals, along with Rembrandt van Rijn and Johannes Vermeer, were three famous painters who dominated the Golden Age of Dutch Art in the 17th century. [PAR] Frans Hals, born circa 1581, introduced a vitality and expressivenesss not previously seen in portraiture. Of the 300 or so paintings he created, nearly all are portraits, typically of Haarlem citizens as individuals or in groups. Among his most famous artwork is The Laughing Cavalier, also called The Merry Cavalier. [PAR] [PAR] Frans Hals, The Laughing Cavalier. Oil on canvas. 1624. 33 3/4\" x 27\". The Wallace Collection, London. [PAR] Here, the courtly soldier epitomizes Baroque gallantry and seemingly flaunts his amorous tendencies - his sleeves are ornately decorated with bees of Cupid and Mercury's winged staff and hat. The intricacy of the embroidery is juxtaposed by Frans Hals' broad, energetic brushwork in the cavalier's black sash. As in most portraits by Frans Hals, a fleeting moment is captured with immediacy. [PAR] Fast forward three centuries to the 1920s, a time during which the three masters of the Dutch Golden Age were frequently imitated and forged. Noted art historian Cornelis Hofstede de Groot had devoted himself to determining which 17th century Dutch paintings were authentic, and which were created by followers or forgers. In 1924, he published a brief article titled, \"Some Recently Discovered Works by Frans Hals\", announcing his discovery of The Merry Cavalier. De Groot proclaimed it an authentic Frans Hals painting, after which the work was sold to an auction house. Shortly thereafter, the auction house claimed it a forgery and demanded partial reimbursement of the purchase price. Profoundly offended, De Groot stated that if he was wrong, he'd donate his personal (and sizeable) art collection to Holland's museums, further vowing \"never to express another word, either in writing or verbally, about the genuineness of an unknown Frans Hals.\" [PAR] The subsequent trial provided incontrovertible proof that De Groot had erred -- although Frans Hals died in 1666, the blue paint in the cavalier's coat was first available in 1826; another blue in the background was made in 1820, while the white in the collar was zinc white, only made after 1781. Furthermore, the canvas was attached to its stretcher with modern, paint-splattered nails, meaning that they were positioned before the painter began. [PAR] In spite of this data, De Groot was steadfast in his conviction that he'd found an authentic Frans Hals work. Before the trial concluded and a verdict announced, De Groot - contending he was the victim of injustice - purchased Merry Cavalier for himself. The following year, he published a booklet entitled True or False? Eye or Chemistry?. Here he stated that a connoisseur's eye was the best determination of artistic authenticity, adding that scientific analyses were beside the point. \"A forger could scarcely imagine a more welcome message\", notes Edward Dolnick in The Forger's Spell. [PAR] If you are engaged by the complexities of art forgery -- in the work themselves and in the mind of the forger -- I strongly recommend Dolnick's work, \"a true story of Vermeer, Nazis and the greatest art hoax of the twentieth century\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Only Fools And Horses characters - British Comedy Guide Only Fools And Horses characters - British Comedy Guide [PAR] Del [PAR] AKA: Derek Trotter; Del Boy; Del Trotter. Trader. Played by: David Jason [PAR] Derek Trotter - Del Boy to his friends (and enemies) - is a loveable rogue and dodgy market trader. In the 1980s and early 1990s he and his brother worked their socks off trying to make some easy money with the help of their yellow 3 wheeled van and a suitcase, but none of their deals amounted to anything. [PAR] However, Del's luck changed in 1996 when an antique watch hidden in his garage made him an overnight millionaire. He lived the high life for 5 years before losing it all in 2001 due to a stock market crash. [PAR] Del thinks of himself as very cultured but doesn't realise that his pretentious cocktails and misunderstood French phrases don't quite make him a connoisseur. [PAR] Rodney [PAR] AKA: Rodney Trotter; Rodders. Played by: Nicholas Lyndhurst [PAR] Tall and thin Rodney (or \"Rodders\" as Del calls him) is Derek's brother. Rodney looks upon his brothers dodgy dealings with an air of pessimism, usually well-founded, yet he always somehow ends up getting involved. Academically, Rodney is much brighter than Del but he lacks his elder brother's street-smart, blinding confidence and self-assurance. [PAR] His romantic life has never been very stable, largely thanks to Del. He eventually married girlfriend Cassandra, but a trial separation, miscarriage and her high-stress job caused plenty of arguments between the pair. [PAR] Uncle Albert (Series 4-7) [PAR] AKA: Albert Gladstone Trotter. Played by: Buster Merryfield [PAR] Uncle Albert is taken in by Del and Rodney after Grandad's funeral, when it becomes apparent he has nowhere to live. Albert's an old sea dog, seemingly with a Navy tale to suit every occasion - much to Del and Rodney's annoyance. Some of his tales are a little suspect in the truth department too! [PAR] Uncle Albert is often more of a hindrance than help to Del, but his heart's in the right place. [PAR] Grandad (Series 1-3) [PAR] AKA: Edward Trotter. Played by: Lennard Pearce [PAR] Del and Rodney's paternal grandfather, Grandad is described in the first ever episode as an \"out of work lamplighter, hoping that gas'll make a comeback\". [PAR] The original third member of the TIT gang, he's an indolent, scruffy man constantly moaning about his lot in life. Despite giving off the aura of not being the smartest card in the deck, Grandad could be extremely crafty if required. [PAR] Having trained as a chef at one of London's largest venues (the Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital), Del and Rodders' stomachs were the main beneficiaries when Grandad passed away. [PAR] Trigger [PAR] AKA: Colin Ball. Roadsweeper. Played by: Roger Lloyd-Pack [PAR] Trigger is an old school friend of Del's, and is probably one of the simplest people ever. A roadsweeper by trade, he holds just one qualification: a Grade 3 Cycling Proficiency Diploma. [PAR] Trig is constantly providing the boys with laughs and causing them to sigh in despair because of the dopey things he says. For some unknown reason, Trig believes Rodney to be called 'Dave' - no amount of correction will get through to him! [PAR] Boycie [PAR] AKA: Aubrey Boyce. Car Dealer. Played by: John Challis [PAR] Wealthy Boycie is the local second hand car dealer. He's extremely arrogant, a scrooge and a complete snob; no surprise, therefore, that he's the but of many of the pub regulars' jokes. Despite this he is still regarded as \"one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Friars in Medieval Norwich - Pocket i The Friars in Medieval Norwich [PAR] The Friars in Medieval Norwich [PAR] Women and Lollardy in Norwich [PAR] The Friars in Medieval Norwich [PAR] The Benedictine cathedral priory of the Most Holy Trinity in Norwich was founded by Bishop Herbert de Losinga in 1096. Together with the Benedictine nunnery at Carrow, founded in 1146, the monks and nuns were the main figures in the religious life of the city and people of Norwich. Then, in the early years of the thirteenth century, the city became home to the first of the orders of mendicant friars that were to bring about great changes in both the landscape and the life of the city. These orders, whose members lived a life of poverty, chastity and obedience, were formed to combat the problems encountered by the church throughout Europe. Eventually Norwich had houses of all four major orders of friars, in common with all the major towns and cities throughout the country. [PAR] Franciscans and others [PAR] In 1226 the Franciscans, usually know as Greyfriars from the colour of their habits, founded by St Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) arrived in Norwich and set up a house in the area north of Conesford , in the area bounded by the present St Faith\u2018s Lane and Rose Lane. In the same year the Friars Preachers, known as the Dominicans or Blackfriars, arrived in Norwich and, at first, settled \u2018over the water\u2018, in the area of the present Golden Dog Lane. They subsequently moved to occupy the site of the present St Andrew\u2018s and Blackfriars\u2018 Halls. Founded by St Dominic, who was born about 1170 in Spain, their original mission was to combat the Cathar heresy, prevalent in the Languedoc region of France. The next order of friars to arrive in Norwich were the Carmelites, or Whitefriars, who settled in the parish of St James in 1256, close to the former Jarrold printing works, on land given by a rich merchant, Philip Cowgate. The last friars to come to Norwich were the Augustinian or Austin Friars. They arrived in 1288-89 and set up their priory in King Street, south of the Franciscans\u2018 house, on a riverside site at St Anne\u2018s Staithe, next to the present Dragon Hall. The Whitefriars and the Austin Friars did not trace their origins to a particular founder, but were amalgamations of small, earlier communities of hermits living, in the case of the Whitefriars, on Mount Carmel in the Holy Land and, in the case of the Austin Friars, groups of hermits living in northern Italy. [PAR] Mendicants [PAR] And so, by the end of the thirteenth century, the mendicant friars and their buildings had become an integral part of daily life in the city of Norwich. Unlike the monks of the cathedral priory, the friars were not confined to their cloister. They went about the streets of the city preaching and teaching the Christian faith, as well as begging for alms for their livelihood. As well as teaching the local people the friars also had schools for educating their own members, preparing them for ordination to the priesthood. Many of the friars attended the universities at Oxford and Cambridge, whilst some studied at universities on mainland Europe. Their schools in Norwich were of a very high standard and attracted scholars from other parts of the country and Europe. A future pope, Alexander V, himself a Franciscan, attended the Norwich Greyfriars\u2018 school before going on to Oxford. The friaries had extensive libraries, and many of the Norwich friars became authors of international"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Road King\u00ae - Harley-Davidson \u00ae of Bangkok Road King\u00ae - Harley-Davidson\u00ae of Bangkok [PAR] CONTROL [PAR] Project RUSHMORE - Control [PAR] Here are some of the innovations Project RUSHMORE led to: the Reflex\u2122 Linked Brakes with ABS, brighter turn signals, brighter brake lights, and a steering head with stiffer front forks. Locked-uptires are now history even when there\u2019s wet pavement. We\u2019ve made it feel even better to lean your way through a turn. Now you can see better. And we\u2019ve made you more conspicuous to the cage-driving public. Because one thing we all agree on is this: bikes that work better make riders who ride better. Take a ride. See how good you can be. [PAR] Dunlop\u00ae Multi-Tread\u2122 Tires [PAR] The 180mm back tire is engineered to do more than fill out the rear fender and put a bigger patch of rubber on the road. Dunlop\u00aeMulti-Tread\u2122 technology uses harder compounds at the center and softer on the sides for a tire that still knows how to knuckle down on corners. Perfect for making this bike agile on every curvy stretch of road. And the way it feels going through an abrupt off-camber turn will put a grin on your face that'll last to the next state line. [PAR] High Output Twin Cam 103\u2122 Engine [PAR] Asking riders if they\u2019d like more passing power is like asking them \u201cWould you like more beer in the pitcher?\u201d when they've reached their final destination at the end of a long, dusty ride. Everybody wants it, and the High Output Twin Cam 103\u2122 engine is 103 cubic inches of Harley-Davidson V-Twin you can rely on to deliver it. The airbox delivers increased intake airflow and the cam optimizes phase and duration. The result: better low-end torque and faster 60 to 80 mph 5th gear roll-on to get you around that 18-wheeler. In the tradition of the Flathead, Knucklehead, Panhead, Shovelhead, Evolution\u00ae Twin Cam 88\u00ae and Twin Cam 96\u2122 engines that came before it, the High Output Twin Cam 103\u2122engine is raising the bar for the feeling an engine delivers to the rider. There\u2019s a reason we\u2019re called the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. Once you send some fuel to this engine, you\u2019ll have no doubt whose it is. [PAR] Dual Halogen Headlight and Fog Lamps [PAR] When the sun goes low, the amount of road you have your eyes trained on stays high. Sitting inside that classic Hiawatha nacelle, you have a dual halogen headlamp and halogen fog lamps to match. Boasting a higher quality of light than previous models courtesy of a darkness-defying 986 lumens, they ensure you\u2019ll have no trouble seeing everything out there that needs to be seen. [PAR] Steering Head and Front Forks [PAR] Whether it\u2019s a big sweeping curve or a set of tight turns, a Project RUSHMORE motorcycle feels rock-solid in the corners. We stiffened up the front end, increased the fork diameter to 49mm (an increase of 18 percent) and retuned the damping for a smoother ride. The responsiveness is dialed in. [PAR] Ergonomically designed hand controls [PAR] It\u2019s hard to enjoy the ride or keep your eyes focused on what\u2019s coming down the road when you\u2019re fussing and bothering with the switches on your handlebar. So when we built the Project RUSHMORE motorcycles, we worked over the hand controls on our touring bikes with as much passion as we worked over our engine. We made the shape more ergonomic and located and angled them to fall right under your thumbs. We added left-hand cruise for easy activation, toggle switches to control infotainment functions, and an easily"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Italian Flag: What the Colors Mean & A Little History ... Italian Flag: What the Colors Mean & A Little History \u2013 Italy Travel Guide [PAR] in About Italy tagged About Italy / history / italian history by Jessica [PAR] As a schoolkid in the United States, I distinctly remember learning precisely what all the symbolism of the U.S. flag meant \u2013 the stripes, the stars, and the colors. But for some reason, it didn\u2019t occur to me until recently that there was probably similar meaning behind the design and the colors of the Italian flag. So, like a schoolkid once again, I did my homework \u2013 and here\u2019s my report. (Plus a shiny apple for the teacher, just cuz I\u2019m that kind of teacher\u2019s pet.) [PAR] Italian Flag of Today [PAR] The current Italian flag consists of three equal vertical bands of color \u2013 green, white, and red \u2013 with the green being the one on the hoist side. This kind of flag is known as a \u201ctricolor\u201d design, the same kind of design the French flag and Irish flag have. In Italian the flag is known as Il Tricolore (tree|koh|LOHR|eh) because of this, in much the same way that the American flag is commonly known as the \u201cstars and stripes.\u201d The modern flag of Italy wasn\u2019t made the country\u2019s official flag until 1948, but the three colors in the flag have been in use since the late 1700s representing the various city-states and kingdoms that made up the country we know as Italy today. [PAR] What do the colors on the Italian flag mean? [PAR] Unfortunately, the answer to this question isn\u2019t as simple as you\u2019d want it to be. There are poetic meanings assigned to the colors of Italy\u2019s flag, but they were only associated with the flag after the fact \u2013 the flag wasn\u2019t given its colors with those meanings in mind. You\u2019ll read that the colors represent hope (green), faith (white), and charity (red); or that the green is for the hills, the white is for the mountains, and the red for the bloody wars for independence. Rather than poetry, however, it\u2019s the historical merging of governments that we have to thank for the meanings behind the three colors of the Italy flag. [PAR] As you\u2019ll read below, the first tricolor flag used the colors green, white, and red in order to incorporate the flags and uniforms of regional governments. The flag of Milan, a white flag with a red cross on it, was the flag of the city\u2019s patron saint (St. Ambrose). The red and white colors were combined with the green color of a regional military uniform in a flag to represent a republic in northern Italy, and the rest \u2013 as they say \u2013 is history. [PAR] History of the Italian Flag [PAR] The first use of a green/white/red tricolor design for a flag in what is now Italy was in 1796 when it represented a republic in the north. The red and white came from the flag of Milan, and the green from the color of the region\u2019s military. Within a year, that republic had merged with another \u2013 and the tricolor design would be abandoned and re-adopted over the years \u2013 but the three colors used would remain. [PAR] Looking over all of the flags that have flown over Italy is a bit like looking at a quilt. From the early tricolor of the late 1790s to the square-and-diamond designs of the Napoleonic era, to the re-emergence of the tricolor bands (with ever-changing coats of arms of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Questions - Documents - DOCSLIDE.US My Questions - Documents [PAR] Documents [PAR] Share My Questions [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html\" width=\"750\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html\" title=\"My Questions\" target=\"_blank\">My Questions</a></div> [PAR] size(px) [PAR] Download My Questions [PAR] Transcript [PAR] Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line \"Stick a pony in me pocket\"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show \"A Question Of Sport\"? Which \"Generation Game\" presenter was famous for his catchphrase \"Shut That Door\"? \"No Mean City\" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as \"La Cosa Nostra\"? What was the Titanic\u2019s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series \"Just Good Friends\"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film \"The Karate Kid\"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means \"empty orchestra\"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Milton - John Milton Poems - Poem Hunter John Milton - John Milton Poems - Poem Hunter [PAR] John Milton - John Milton Poems - Poem Hunter [PAR] Do you like this poet? [PAR] John Milton Poems [PAR] Paradise Lost: Book 01 Of Man's first disobedience, and the ... [PAR] Lycidas In this Monody the author bewails a learned Friend, ... [PAR] Arcades Part of an entertainment presented to the Countess ... [PAR] All poems of John Milton \u00bb [PAR] Search in the poems of John Milton: [PAR] John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, a scholarly man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth (republic) of England under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost. [PAR] Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day. Writing in English, Latin, and Italian, he achieved international renown within his lifetime, and his celebrated Areopagitica, (written in condemnation of pre-publication censorship) is among history's most influential and impassioned defenses of free ... more \u00bb [PAR] Click here to add this poet to your My Favorite Poets. [PAR] Quotations [PAR] more quotations \u00bb [PAR] ''None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but licence.'' [PAR] John Milton (1608-1674), British poet. repr. In Complete Prose Works of Milton, ed. Ernest Sirluck (1959). The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649).... [PAR] ''No man who knows aught, can be so stupid to deny that all men naturally were born free.'' [PAR] John Milton (1608-1674), British poet. repr. In Complete Prose Works of Milton, ed. Ernest Sirluck (1959). The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649).... [PAR] A man may be a heretic in the truth; and if he believe things only because his pastor says so, or the assembly so determines, without knowing other reason, though his belief be true, yet the very trut... [PAR] John Milton (1608-1674), British poet. Areopagitica: a Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England (1644). [PAR] I cannot praise a fugitive and cloistered virtue, unexercised and unbreathed, that never sallies out and sees her adversary, but slinks out of the race where that immortal garland is to be run for, no... [PAR] John Milton (1608-1674), British poet. Areopagitica: a Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England (1644). [PAR] ''Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.'' [PAR] John Milton (1608-1674), British poet. Areopagitica: a Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England (1644)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Pendragon - Merlin Wiki - Wikia Arthur Pendragon | Merlin Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [src] [PAR] King Arthur Pendragon of Camelot was the only child of Uther Pendragon and Ygraine de Bois , the husband of Queen Guinevere , brother-in-law to Sir Elyan , son-in-law to Tom the blacksmith, the half brother of Morgana , the nephew of Tristan de Bois and Agravaine de Bois , and the best friend and master of the greatest warlock and sorcerer ever, Merlin . According to the prophesies of Kilgharrah , Arthur is destined to unite the land of Albion. As a young prince, Arthur was spoiled, narrow-minded, and arrogant, though good-hearted; as time passed, he eventually matured and became best friends with his manservant, Merlin. This was partially due to his dislike of the way his father ruled, and also because of the influence Merlin had on him. Arthur tended to have negative opinions about Uther\u2019s harsher policies, particularly his aversion to magic, but during his reign he kept his father\u2019s decree banning magical practice due to his war with Morgana. Arthur\u2019s great conviction is in peace and justice, and during his reign he revived the Round Table and managed to establish peace between the five kingdoms for the first time in centuries. Arthur died at the hands of Mordred by the shores of Avalon , but, as the Once and Future King, he is destined to one day rise again. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Arthur was born in Camelot to Uther and Ygraine Pendragon with help of magic by the sorceress and priestess, Nimueh . Ygraine was barren and incapable of giving birth, so Uther, who was desperate for her to conceive an heir, went to Nimueh and persuaded her to use her magic to help Ygraine . However, as Nimueh used the power over life and death for Arthur to be born, a sacrifice had to be made for a life to be created and Ygraine died in the process after Arthur was born. As a result of her death, Uther despised magic and had its practitioners executed but kept the true nature of her death secret from Arthur. Arthur also had a half-sister named Morgana , who was born from an affair Uther had with her mother Vivienne some time before Ygraine's death and probably before their marriage. Arthur grew up with Morgana but remained unaware of her true paternity. [PAR] Meeting Merlin [PAR] Arthur meets Merlin for the first time. ( The Dragon's Call ) [PAR] \u201cWho do you think you are? The King?\" [PAR] \"No. I'm his son, Arthur. \u201d [PAR] \u2014 Merlin to Arthur [PAR] Arthur first encounters Merlin while he is doing target practice with his friends and bullying the servant who is carrying the target. Merlin, unaware of Arthur's identity, stands up to him. Arthur has Merlin thrown in prison and subsequently into the stocks. They later fight again in town where Merlin uses his magic to try and get the better of Arthur. Later, at a feast celebrating twenty years since magic was banished from Camelot, Mary Collins takes the guise of Lady Helen with the intent of killing Arthur as revenge for Uther killing her own son. Using his magic, Merlin manages to save Arthur and, in return, Uther makes Merlin Arthur's manservant. ( The Dragon's Call ) At first the two of them want nothing to do with one another, but quickly become close friends. Arthur remains ignorant of Merlin's powers for a very long time due to consequences which could"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genesis 9:11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again ... Genesis 9:11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again will all life be destroyed by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth.\" [PAR] Matthew Henry Commentary [PAR] 9:8-17 As the old world was ruined, to be a monument of justice, so this world remains to this day a monument of mercy. But sin, that drowned the old world, will burn this. Articles of agreement among men are sealed, that what is promised may be the more solemn, and the doing of what is covenanted the more sure to mutual satisfaction. The seal of this covenant was the rainbow, which, it is likely, was seen in the clouds before, but was never a seal of the covenant till now it was made so. The rainbow appears when we have most reason to fear the rain prevailing; God then shows this seal of the promise, that it shall not prevail. The thicker the cloud, the brighter the bow in the cloud. Thus, as threatening afflictions abound, encouraging consolations much more abound. The rainbow is the reflection of the beams of the sun shining upon or through the drops of rain: all the glory of the seals of the covenant are derived from Christ, the Sun of righteousness. And he will shed a glory on the tears of his saints. A bow speaks terror, but this has neither string nor arrow; and a bow alone will do little hurt. It is a bow, but it is directed upward, not toward the earth; for the seals of the covenant were intended to comfort, not to terrify. As God looks upon the bow, that he may remember the covenant, so should we, that we may be mindful of the covenant with faith and thankfulness. Without revelation this gracious assurance could not be known; and without faith it can be of no use to us; and thus it is as to the still greater dangers to which all are exposed, and as to the new covenant with its blessings. [PAR] The Covenant of the Rainbow [PAR] \u202610and with every living creature that is with you, the birds, the cattle, and every beast of the earth with you; of all that comes out of the ark, even every beast of the earth. 11 \"I establish My covenant with you; and all flesh shall never again be cut off by the water of the flood, neither shall there again be a flood to destroy the earth.\" 12God said, \"This is the sign of the covenant which I am making between Me and you and every living creature that is with you, for all successive generations;\u2026"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Antony Gormley Antony Gormley [PAR] NEWS [PAR] ANGEL OF THE NORTH, 1998 [PAR] Is it possible to make a work with purpose in a time that demands doubt? I wanted to make an object that would be a focus of hope at a painful time of transition for the people of the north-east, abandoned in the gap between the industrial and the information ages. [PAR] The work is made of corten steel, weighs 200 tonnes and has 500 tonnes of concrete foundations. The mound near the A1 motorway which was the designated site of the sculpture was made after the closure of the Lower Tyne Colliery, out of the destroyed remains of the pithead baths. It is a tumulus marking the end of the era of coal mining in Britain. [PAR] The ANGEL resists our post-industrial amnesia and bears witness to the hundreds and thousands of colliery workers who had spent the last three hundred years mining coal beneath the surface. The scale of the sculpture was essential given its site in a valley that is a mile and a half a mile wide, and with an audience that was travelling past on the motorway at an average of 60 miles an hour. [PAR] The exo-skeleton seemed the best solution for transforming a self-supporting fibreglass and lead structure into an object 10 times life-size, or 20 m high. It uses the Tyneside engineering vernacular of ships and the Tyne Bridge, to produce a strong structure that would withstand the prevailing south-easterly winds. This has the added advantage of giving the form a strong surface articulation that deals equally well with volume and light. [PAR] We made a series of models to work out how this was going to work: the challenge was to transfer a rib structure that radiates from a central axis in the bodyform onto the wings, and the solution was to have an increasing distance between the ribs, suggesting a broadcasting of energy. The work stands, without a spolight or a plinth, day and night, in wind, rain and shine and has many friends. It is a huge inspiration to me that the Angel is rarely alone in daylight hours, and as with much of my work, it is given a great deal through the presence of those that visit it. [PAR] ANGEL OF THE NORTH, 1998 [PAR] Steel[DOC] [TLE] Angel of the North on Pinterest | Gateshead, The Angel and ... 1000+ images about Angel of the North on Pinterest | Sculpture, Home and Gateshead [PAR] Antony Mark David Gormley British scupltor. The amazing public art \"The Angel of The North\" is something you dont forget as you travel past... [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the ' Batman ' TV Series A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the 'Batman' TV Series | Mental Floss [PAR] A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the 'Batman' TV Series [PAR] Here they all are with a little extra Bam! Pow! Zap! for good measure. [PAR] 1. THE RIDDLER (FRANK GORSHIN) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 1, 2, 11, 12, 23, 24, 31, 32), SEASON 3 (EPISODE 2) [PAR] The quintessential (and first) Batman villain to star in the \u201966 series, Frank Gorshin would end up playing The Riddler in all of the character\u2019s appearances in the series except for a two episode span during season two when John Astin stepped into the green tights. [PAR] 2. THE RIDDLER (JOHN ASTIN) [PAR] SEASON 2 (EPISODES 45, 46) [PAR] Perhaps best known for playing Gomez Addams in ABC\u2019s 1964 TV series The Addams Family, John Astin donned The Riddler\u2019s costume for a short two-episode arc during Batman\u2019s second season. [PAR] 3. THE PENGUIN (BURGESS MEREDITH) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 3, 4, 21, 22, 33, 34), SEASON 2 (EPISODES 17, 18, 27, 28, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44), SEASON 3 (EPISODES 1, 4, 5, 20) [PAR] Burgess Meredith\u2019s portrayal of The Penguin may be the most iconic (at least in appearance) of the entire series. With his purple top hat, monocle, and long cigarette, Meredith\u2019s Penguin would appear in more Batman episodes (20) than any other villain. [PAR] 4. THE JOKER (CESAR ROMERO) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 5, 6, 15, 16, 25, 26), SEASON 2 (EPISODES 21, 22, 37, 38, 39, 47, 48, 57, 58), SEASON 3 (EPISODES 10, 16, 17, 24) [PAR] Second only to Burgess Meredith as The Penguin, Cesar Romero appears in Batman as The Joker in 19 episodes in total. Known for his bright green hair, stark white makeup, and wide smile, Romero\u2019s Joker would become one of the show\u2019s most memorable villains. The actor famously refused to shave his signature mustache and you can see it under the white face paint particularly well on the high-definition transfers included on this Blu-ray box set. [PAR] 5. MR. FREEZE (GEORGE SANDERS) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 7, 8) [PAR] Appearing as Mr. Freeze for only two episodes during the show\u2019s first season, George Sander\u2019s Mr. Freeze is quite low tech compared to the getups that Otto Preminger and Eli Wallach would wear during season two. When he does eventually don his signature suit, Sanders looks more like an astronaut than a villain with super freezy powers. [PAR] 6. MR. FREEZE (OTTO PREMINGER) [PAR] SEASON 2 (EPISODES 19, 20) [PAR] Legendary, groundbreaking director Otto Preminger (Laura) took over the role of Mr. Freeze for two episodes during Batman\u2019s second season and gives perhaps the most bizarre (and cool) performance of the three actors that would play the character. [PAR] 7. MR. FREEZE (ELI WALLACH) [PAR] SEASON 2 (EPISODES 59, 60) [PAR] Eli Wallach (who passed away in June 2014 at the age of 98) played the frigid villain for the final two episodes of season two. His Mr. Freeze, who discovers an instant ice formula, is easily the most mustache-twirlingly and villainous of the three versions. It is also likely to be the most memorable. [PAR] 8. ZELDA THE GREAT (ANNE BAXTER) [PAR] SEASON 1 (EPISODES 9, 10) [PAR] The great Anne Baxter (All About Eve, The Razor\u2019s Edge, The Ten Commandments) plays Zelda the Great in a two-episode arc that includes the kidnapping of poor Aunt Harriet. This isn\u2019t, however, the last time fans would see"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cat Stevens - Biography - IMDb Cat Stevens - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Cat Stevens [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 24 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (15) | Personal Quotes (3) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Cat Stevens was born on July 21, 1948 in London, England as Stephen Demetre Georgiou. He has been married to Fawzia Ali since September 9, 1979. They have five children. [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 9 September 1979 - present) (5 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (1) [PAR] More often than not sports a beard [PAR] Trivia (15) [PAR] Released his first album in 17 years - \"Life of the Last Prophet\" (1995); It contains 66 minutes of narration about the life of Mohammad plus three traditional Islamic songs. [PAR] Decided to pursue religion after nearly drowning off the coast of Malibu, California. He converted to Islam after his brother took a trip to Jerusalem. [PAR] Changed his name from Stephen Georgiou to Cat Stevens to Yusuf Islam. [PAR] Parents are Stavros Georgiou and Ingrid Wickman. [PAR] Re-recorded hit song \"Peace Train\" for the collective album \"Hope\" (April 2003) in support of peace for Iraq. [PAR] Family: Is of Greek Cypriot heritage - his father is Greek, mother is Swedish. Has four daughters and one son. [PAR] Universally derided in 1989 when he allegedly went on record supporting the Ayatollah Khomeini 's death sentence against The Satanic Verses author Salman Rushdie . Stevens's records were burned and taken out of stores, and many radio stations permanently boycotted his music. Nearly a decade later, Stevens claimed he was highly misquoted, that he did not support the Ayatollah's sentence. Rather, he merely reiterated the Koran's teachings about those who \"defame the prophet\". Stevens says he bears no ill will towards Rushdie, and did not wish for him to be killed. [PAR] Released in November 1968 after spending three months in hospital recovering from tuberculosis. [PAR] On a flight from London on September 21, 2004, he was refused entry to the United States on national security grounds. The flight had already taken off before his name was spotted as being on the American \"watch list\". The plane was diverted to Bangor, Maine, where he was taken off and returned to London. [PAR] Wrote \"Sweet Scarlet\" for love interest Carly Simon and she wrote \"Anticipation\" for him. [PAR] Refused to license his song \"Father and Son\" for use in Moulin Rouge! (2001). It was the first musical number in the original script. Because of his current religious beliefs, he objected to the sexual content in the film. The scene featuring \"Father and Son\" was to have been between Christian and his father in his father's office, with all his father's employees joining in for the chorus. This was to be the segue into his leaving home for Paris. The scene is included in the complete script on the Special Edition DVD. [PAR] Following the 9/11 attacks, he issued a statement \"expressing his horror at the attacks on the innocent people of the United States\". He also stated that \"no right thinking Muslim would ever condone such Acts\". [PAR] Is a vegetarian.[DOC] [TLE] Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam) \u2013 In Profile \u00ab 98.5 WNCX Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam) \u2013 In Profile \u00ab 98.5 WNCX [PAR] Latest Photos [PAR] Sponsored By [PAR] Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam) \u2013 In ProfileCat Stevens In Paris383532 01: British singer Cat Stevens smokes a cigarette April, 1974 in Paris, France. Cat Stevens, who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Virginia Wade: a Wimbledon champion written out of British ... Virginia Wade: a Wimbledon champion written out of British history | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Pass notes [PAR] Virginia Wade: a Wimbledon champion written out of British history [PAR] The Andy Murray headlines have ignored the fact that a Briton won a Wimbledon singles title in 1977. Ah, but she was a woman [PAR] Virginia Wade with her trophy after winning the Wimbledon women's singles championship in 1977. Photograph: Pa/PA Archive/Press Association Ima [PAR] Monday 8 July 2013 07.18 EDT [PAR] First published on Monday 8 July 2013 07.18 EDT [PAR] Age: 67. [PAR] Appearance: Airbrushed. Out of history. [PAR] Who or what is Virginia Wade ? Until last Sunday, the last British tennis player to win Wimbledon. [PAR] Huh? When? 36 years ago. Back in 1977. [PAR] Then how come I've never heard of her? Because journalists have forgotten she exists. [PAR] Ouch. And, on the front page of the Telegraph: \"After 77 years, the wait is over. \" [PAR] Oof. And, on the front page of the Daily Mail: \"Andy Murray ends 77 years of waiting for a British champion.\" [PAR] Jeez. Even the Daily Mail forgot about her win? Yep. Which is especially unforgivable, since they also published an interview with her, in which she told the paper: \"You never forget how it feels to win Wimbledon.\" [PAR] Incredible. So where does the 77-year figure come from? That's the figure for the men's championships. The last British man to win before Murray was Fred Perry in 1936. [PAR] Meaning the real wait was actually just 41 years? No, in reality, British tennis fans were never made to wait at all. Dorothy Round Little won the women's singles \u2013 for the second time in her career \u2013 one year later, in 1937. [PAR] So there have been two British winners since? No, actually there have been four. [PAR] Four British women have won Wimbledon since Fred Perry? Yep. Partially deaf player Angela Mortimer won the championship in 1961, and underdog Ann Haydon-Jones beat legend of the sport Billie Jean King to win again in 1969. [PAR] This is a dark day for sports journalism, isn't it? Afraid so. But a good day for feminist writer Chloe Angyal, whose tweet \"Murray is indeed the first Brit to win Wimbledon in 77 years unless you think women are people\" has been re-tweeted, at time of writing, 9,425 times. [PAR] That's a lot, right? It is. But it only really counts when men re-tweet it. [PAR] Do say: \"If Murray wins, he's British. If he loses, he's Scottish.\" [PAR] Don't say: \"If Wade wins, she's forgotten.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10: Wimbledon matches | Tennis News | Sky Sports Top 10: Wimbledon matches | Tennis News | Sky Sports [PAR] Get Sky Sports [PAR] Top 10: Wimbledon matches [PAR] We take a trip down memory lane and pick out some of the best clashes from the greatest tournament of them all [PAR] By Raz Mirza [PAR] Last Updated: 22/06/16 4:13pm [PAR] Rafa Nadal and Roger Federer contested arguably the greatest match ever in 2008 [PAR] The fourth-set tie-break between John McEnroe and Bjorn Borg in the 1980 final, Boris Becker's classic dive volley at the net, or a young Roger Federer upsetting Pete Sampras - we all remember classic matches or moments from yesteryear. [PAR] The greatest grass-court tournament of them all has a bit of history of producing the best matches of all time - usually helped by a partisan Centre Court crowd. [PAR] Here, Sky Sports recall 10 of the most memorable matches from the greatest tennis tournament of them all ... [PAR] Boris Becker v Kevin Curran - 1985 [PAR] A fresh-faced Boris Becker defeated Kevin Curran to win the title in 1985 [PAR] On July 7, 1985, a 17-year-old boy by the name of Boris Becker was crowned Wimbledon champion. What an achievement it was for this teenager, who became the first unseeded player to win the tournament, and the first German. But it might have been so different. In the third round, he came through 9-7 in the final set against Joakim Nystrom, and he then turned his ankle in the fourth round against Tim Mayotte but eventually came through in five sets. His opponent Kevin Curren had already knocked out legends John McEnroe and Jimmy Connors en route to the final. And in front a very heated and intense Centre Court, Becker showed all his athleticism to come through in four sets 3-6 7-6 6-7 4-6. When he went back to his home town Leimen, 50,000 people turned out to greet him. Becker successfully defended his title the following year, defeating world No 1 Ivan Lendl before claiming a hat-trick of titles in 1989 against Stefan Edberg. [PAR] Pat Cash v Ivan Lendl - 1987 [PAR] Australian ace Pat Cash was a big hit with the Wimbledon crowd [PAR] This was beyond doubt the crowning moment for everybody's favourite bandana wearing Australian. Having already beaten Mats Wilander in the quarter-finals and Jimmy Connors in the semi-finals, the 11th seed defeated Lendl in straight sets 7-6 6-2 7-5 to secure the title. Accomplished guitarist Cash had only lost one set during the entire tournament. But the match is best remembered for his unique celebration as he showed complete disregard for All England Club protocol by climbing up into the stands with the help of spectators and up to the player's box at Centre Court, where he was greeted by his family, girlfriend, and coach, Ian Barclay. [PAR] Jeremy Bates v Guy Forget - 1992 [PAR] Jeremy Bates lost to Guy Forget in the fourth round twice [PAR] Jeremy Bates was Britain's precurser to Tim Henman back in the early 90s. As a singles player, he reached the fourth round at Wimbledon twice - in 1992 and 1994 - but sadly for him, and for us, he came up against Frenchman Guy Forget on both occasions. The 1992 encounter will always be remembered when gallant Bates - inspired by the crowd, the cheers and fluttering Union flags, held a match point in the fourth set, but failed to convert it. He ended up losing in five 7-6 4-6 6-3 6-7 3-6. The following"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships History of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] The Championships, Wimbledon, or just Wimbledon as it is more commonly referred to, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and arguably the most famous. Since the first tournament 125 years ago in 1877, The Championships have been hosted by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London and take place over two weeks in late June \u2013 early July. [PAR] Of the four major annual tennis tournaments known as the \u2018Grand Slams\u2019, Wimbledon is the only one to still be played on grass, which is where the name lawn tennis originated. Grass is also the surface which provides the fastest game of tennis. Of the other three, the Australian Open and the US Open are both played on hard courts and the French Open is played on clay. [PAR] In stark contrast to today\u2019s sporting extravaganza, the first year of the Championships took place with very little fanfare. The All England Club had originally been called the All England Croquet Club when it opened in 1869, but as the new game of lawn tennis \u2013 an offshoot of the original indoor racquet sport known by traditionalists as \u2018real tennis\u2019 \u2013 began to grow in popularity at the end of the nineteenth century, the club decided to provide tennis courts for their visitors. On 14 April 1877 the Club introduced the first of a number of name changes to become the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club. [PAR] Unlike today\u2019s tournament, which involves four junior and four invitation competitions alongside the five main contests \u2013 the men\u2019s single and double matches, the women\u2019s single and double matches and the mixed doubles \u2013 the first Wimbledon championships had one event, the Gentleman\u2019s Singles. As it was not permissible for women to enter the tournament in 1877, the first Wimbledon champion from a group of twenty-two male competitors was twenty seven year old Spencer William Gore. In front of a crowd of 200, who had paid a shilling apiece to attend, Gore beat his opponent William Marshall in a decisive 6-1, 6-2, 6-4 defeat lasting only forty-eight minutes. As would also be the tradition for many Wimbledon tournaments to follow until a retractable roof was installed over centre court in 2009, the final was postponed due to rain. When it was eventually played three days later the weather conditions had not greatly improved. [PAR] Ladies at Wimbledon [PAR] The game of lawn tennis was still in its infancy at this stage, with players using basic handmade equipment and imprecise strokes, unlike the slick powerful serves and top of the range rackets we see today. However, modern day Wimbledon spectators would be sure to recognise many of the rules of the game which were first introduced by the All England Club\u2019s Committee in 1877 as an adaptation of those put in place by the Marylebone Cricket Club, perversely the then controlling body of \u2018real\u2019 tennis. [PAR] Whilst no tournaments were held at Wimbledon during 1915-1918 and 1940-1945 because of the First and Second World War s, the game continued to grow in popularity. In 1884 the men\u2019s doubles competition was introduced and the same year women were also invited to join the tournament. In the fifties the club moved from its original rented site on Worple Road to the larger, present day Church Road site and in 1967 the tournament made history when the event became the first broadcast to ever be televised in colour. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best never to win a Wimbledon singles title | NBC Sports Best never to win a Wimbledon singles title | NBC Sports [PAR] Best never to win a Wimbledon singles title [PAR] / [PAR] Andy Roddick [PAR] Without Roger Federer, who knows how many Grand Slam titles Andy Roddick would have won. The American came up against Federer in four Grand Slam finals, including three at Wimbledon in 2004, 2005 and 2009, and fell short each time. The 2009 contest went to 16-14 in the fifth set. Roddick's serve and power are well suited for grass courts, but he's been unfortunate enough to run up against one of the greatest grass players of all time. [PAR] Justine Henin [PAR] Unless she reconsiders her decision to retire, Justine Henin never will be able to remove her name from the list of the best players to never win a Wimbledon title. She came close twice, losing in three sets to Venus Williams in 2001 and to Amelie Mauresmo in three sets in 2006, and fell three times in the semifinals. Although Henin's career record at Wimbledon is far from shabby -- she won 27 of the 34 singles matches she played at the All England Club -- it is the major at which she had the worst winning percentage. [PAR] Jennifer Capriati [PAR] A former junior doubles champion at the All England Club, Jennifer Capriati also has the distinction of being Wimbledon's youngest-ever semifinalist. The 15-year-old beat defending champion Martina Navratilova in straight sets in the quarterfinals but fell to runner-up Gabriela Sabatini the next round. That was the farthest Capriati would go at Wimbledon, equaling that finish 10 years later in 2001. Capriati never won a title on grass. [PAR] Ivan Lendl [PAR] Although he played in 19 Grand Slam singles finals and won eight Grand Slam singles titles, Ivan Lendl was never able to add a Wimbledon championship to his career resume. Lendl fell five times in the semifinals at the All England Club, but he did reach the finals in 1986 and 1987. Both times he lost in straight sets, first to Boris Becker and then to Pat Cash. [PAR] Monica Seles [PAR] Of Monica Seles' 53 career singles titles, only one came on grass. Unfortunately for her, it wasn't on the grass courts of Wimbledon, and the nine-time Grand Slam champion never achieved a career Grand Slam. Seles made the finals at the All England Club just once, losing in straight sets to Steffi Graf in 1992. Her career record at Wimbledon was 30-9, a far cry from her 43-4 record at the Australian Open, 54-8 record at the French Open, and 53-10 record at the U.S. Open. [PAR] Mats Wilander [PAR] He did win a men's doubles title at Wimbledon in 1986, but Mats Wilander never earned the honor of hoisting the men's singles championship trophy at the All England Club. In fact, his best finish at the tournament was the quarterfinals. His struggles at Wimbledon, however, weren't related to the surface. Two of his three Australian Open titles were won when the championships were still played on grass. [PAR] Pancho Gonzales [PAR] The top-ranked professional in the world for an astounding eight years in the 1950s and 1960s and arguably the greatest men's tennis player prior to the Open era, Pancho Gonzales (also written as Gonzalez) never won a title at Wimbledon. He did, however, play in one of the most memorable matches ever at the All England Club. Competing against Charlie Pasarell in the third round in 1969, Gonzales and the amateur battled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Championships, Wimbledon - pediaview.com The Championships, Wimbledon [PAR] The Championships, Wimbledon [PAR] 128S (128Q) / 64D (16Q) [b] [PAR] Current champions [PAR] 2016 Wimbledon [PAR] The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely considered the most prestigious. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon , London since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts . [PAR] Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open , the French Open and the US Open. Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988, Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass . [PAR] The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, culminating with the Ladies\u2019 and Gentlemen\u2019s Singles Final, scheduled for the second Saturday and Sunday of July respectively. Five major, junior, and invitational events are held each year. Wimbledon traditions include a strict dress code for competitors and Royal patronage. The tournament is also notable for the absence of sponsor advertising around the courts. In 2009, Wimbledon\u2019s Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Spencer Gore , the winner of the inaugural Wimbledon Championship . [PAR] Beginning [PAR] The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is a private club founded on 23 July 1868, originally as \u201cThe All England Croquet Club\u201d. Its first ground was off Worple Road, Wimbledon. [7] [PAR] In 1876, lawn tennis , a game devised by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield a year or so earlier and originally given the name Sphairistik\u00e8, was added to the activities of the club. In spring 1877, the club was renamed \u201cThe All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club\u201d and signalled its change of name by instituting the first Lawn Tennis Championship. A new code of laws, replacing the code administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club , was drawn up for the event. Today\u2019s rules are similar except for details such as the height of the net and posts and the distance of the service line from the net. [PAR] The inaugural 1877 Wimbledon Championship started on 9 July 1877 and the Gentlemen\u2019s Singles was the only event held. It was won by Spencer Gore , an old Harrovian rackets player, from a field of 22. About 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final. [8] [PAR] The lawns at the ground were arranged so that the principal court was in the middle with the others arranged around it, hence the title \u201c Centre Court \u201c. [c] The name was retained when the Club moved in 1922 to the present site in Church Road, although no longer a true description of its location. [10] However, in 1980 four new courts were brought into commission on the north side of the ground, which meant the Centre Court was once more correctly defined. The opening of the new No. 1 Court in 1997 emphasised the description. [PAR] Ladies Championship, 1884 . First prize, awarded to Maud Watson , was a silver flower-basket worth 20 guineas . [PAR] By 1882, activity at the club was almost exclusively confined to lawn tennis and that year the word \u201ccroquet\u201d was dropped from the title. However, for sentimental reasons it was restored in 1899. [PAR] In 1884, the club added Ladies\u2019 Singles and Gentlemen\u2019s Doubles competitions. Ladies\u2019 Doubles and Mixed Doubles events were added in 1913. Until 1922, the reigning champion had to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1985: Boris Becker wins Wimbledon at 17 BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1985: Boris Becker wins Wimbledon at 17 [PAR] 1985: Boris Becker wins Wimbledon at 17 [PAR] A West German teenager has become the youngest ever player to win the Wimbledon tennis tournament. [PAR] Boris Becker, a 17-year-old unseeded outsider before the tournament began, raised the coveted silver trophy above his head to rapturous applause on centre court. [PAR] Becker is also the first German ever to win the title, and the first unseeded player. [PAR] He had dominated the match from the start, taking just three hours and 18 minutes to overpower eighth-seeded Kevin Curren, a South-African-born American. [PAR] Flamboyant [PAR] The match was a dramatic clash in the brilliant sunshine, made more spectacular by Becker's flamboyant style. [PAR] His massive serve sent balls scorching across the net. He scored 21 aces to Curren's 19. [PAR] Becker also has a habit of flinging himself around the court, diving headlong for volleys and baseline shots. [PAR] For half a set he played with his shirt caked in dirt after one particularly spectacular fall. [PAR] The final result was 6-3, 6-7, 7-6, 6-4. [PAR] 'Idol' for Germany [PAR] \"This is going to change tennis in Germany,\" he said after the match. \"I am the first Wimbledon winner and now they have an idol.\" [PAR] After his defeat, Kevin Curren said he thought the game would see an increase in the number of successful young players, and predicted they would have more intense, but shorter, careers. [PAR] There was some speculation that Curren had been unnerved by Becker's openly aggressive style. [PAR] The young player sent a hostile stare to his opponent before and after points, and in the final caught Curren's shoulder as they passed when changing ends. [PAR] But Becker defended his tactics, saying \"I'm going on court to win, to fight, to do what I can.\" [PAR] Child prodigy [PAR] Becker has had a brief but brilliant career. He began playing tennis aged eight, and by 12 years old was concentrating almost wholly on the game. [PAR] He won the West German junior championship aged 15 and was runner-up in the US junior championship. [PAR] Last January he took the Young Masters tournament in Birmingham, and won his first Grand Prix tournament at Queen's just three weeks ago. [PAR] He has won 28 of his 39 matches this year, and is expected to lead West Germany in the Davis Cup against the United States next month."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In what year was the Mixed Doubles first contested at ... In what year was the Mixed Doubles first contested at Wimbledon? - thinkypedia.com [PAR] In what year was the Mixed Doubles first contested at Wimbledon? [PAR] 1913, between H Crisp & Mrs C Tuckey versus J Parke & Mrs D Larcombe. [PAR] Parke and Larcombe won first set 6-3 but retired in second 5-3 down."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MYTHICAL HYBRIDS - Mythical-Creatures-and-Beasts.com Mythical Hybrids [PAR] MYTHICAL HYBRIDS [PAR] Go to A-Z List [PAR] Hybrids, in the mythical realm, are creatures that combine the features and body parts of more than one real species. [PAR] There are non-human versions that combine features of one or more animal species such as the basilisks , the Chimera and griffins . [PAR] Then, there are also part human combinations such as the very popular centaurs and mermaids . [PAR] Now, these mythical creatures seem as they have all the capabilities of being formidable beings especially when having, perhaps even mastering the command of all the strongest features of each of it's mixed species. [PAR] On the other hand, some of the combinations you will read about will make you wonder how such creatures could even sustain themselves, let alone survive. [PAR] This category is comprised of very well known, strong and mighty creatures. It also includes unsavoury beasts with all the necessary features and powers required to create the most horrifying and terrible nightmares possible. [PAR] I mean, think of just simply crossing paths with a skinless mouse (or a skinless anything) never mind a huge headed man-horse like the Nuckelavee stretching his long arms about trying to grab at you - very creepy. [PAR] THE A-Z LIST [PAR] Adaro - Evil mermen sea spirits [PAR] Adlet - Human and dog cross with red fur [PAR] Ahuizotl - Dog and monkey cross with five hands [PAR] Alkonost - A bird with the head of a beautiful woman [PAR] Ammit - Female demon that is part lion, hippopotamus & crocodile [PAR] Anubis - Tall human male with the head of a jackal [PAR] Basilisk - Head and claws of a rooster with a reptile's body and tail [PAR] Bastet - Female human with the head of a domesticated cat [PAR] Catoblepas - Large boar's head, small pig's body with wings [PAR] Centaur - Human horse hybrids, top half human with body of a horse [PAR] Cerberus - Three headed canine with a mane of serpents [PAR] Chimera - Head and body of a lioness, head of a goat, serpent's tail [PAR] Cockatrice - Head, claws and wings of a rooster, reptile's body and tail [PAR] Echidna - Upper half of a beautiful woman, lower body of a serpent [PAR] Formorians - Large, deformed bodies made up of animal parts [PAR] Gargoyles - Grotesque stone statues [PAR] Goatman - A half goat, half man creature [PAR] Gorgons - Woman's upper half, snakes for hair and a serpents body [PAR] Griffin - Head, claws and wings of an eagle, body and tail of a lion [PAR] Harpies - Top half of a witch, claws and wings of a vulture [PAR] Hippocampi - Horses with a serpentine lower half [PAR] Hippogriff - Head, wings and claws of an eagle - body of a horse [PAR] Khnum - Strong human male with the head of a ram [PAR] Lamia - Woman\u2019s head, scaly body, four legs and a tail [PAR] Leucrocuta - Horse's head and legs, neck and body of a lion [PAR] Lusca - Large octopus/shark hybrid [PAR] Manticore - Lion's body, human head, poisonous scorpion-like tail [PAR] Merlion - Head of a lion, body of a large fish [PAR] Mermaids - Beautiful women with a fish-like lower body [PAR] Minotaur - Body of a human male with the head and tail of a bull [PAR] Nuckelavee - Skinless monster, resembles popular hybrid - the Centaur [PAR] Onocentaur - Top half human & lower half donkey [PAR] Orthus - Two headed dog with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of cricket terms & sayings Glossary of cricket terms & sayings [PAR] GLOSSARY OF CRICKET TERMS & SAYINGS [PAR] A [PAR] Across the line -- (of batting shot) in which the bat swings across the path of the ball, rather than along it. Risky, since it requires expert timing to make good contact. [PAR] AGM -- See Annual General Meeting. [PAR] Agricultural shot -- See Cow shot. [PAR] All out -- The batting team is said to be all out when ten of its eleven batsmen are dismissed. The eleventh batsman cannot continue without a partner, and is recorded as 'not out' in the scorebook. [PAR] All-rounder -- A player who can both bat and bowl, or occasionally, both bat and keep wicket. (Bowler-wicketkeeper all-rounders are a rare breed.) Strictly speaking, a true all-rounder would be worth his place as a specialist in either role, although such players at Test level come along very infrequently. As a guide, an all-rounder's batting average ought to be at least equal to his bowling average. A true all-rounder can bat at number 6 (See Batting order), thus giving the side the 'ideal' balance of five bowlers, six batsmen and a specialist wicketkeeper. Wanderers' very own Andrew Symonds fills this role for the Australian ODI team. [PAR] Annual General Meeting -- A requirement under Australian law of any incorporated club, at which accounts are presented, officers elected and the club's policy decided for the year to come. [PAR] Appeal -- The fielding side's invitation to the umpire to give a batsman out, answered with an upraised finger or a call of 'not out'. Any member of the side may make an appeal, but if the fielding captain feels a batsman has been given out wrongly - for example, a catch not taken cleanly - he may withdraw the appeal and reinstate the batsman. [PAR] Arm ball -- A finger-spinner's delivery bowled without spin, in the hope of deceiving the batsman into allowing for turn that does not come. [PAR] Ashes -- Test series between England and Australia are played for The Ashes. In 1883, Australia beat England at The Oval for the first time in England. This led an English sporting paper, The Sporting Times, to publish a mock obituary of English cricket, which concluded with the words, \"The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia.\" Accounts vary, but the 'body' was in fact a bail (or two, or a stump) which had been burned by \"certain ladies.\" The ashes were placed in a tiny, goblet-shaped urn only four inches high and the urn was presented to the Honorable Ivo Bligh (later Lord Darnley). In his will, Lord Darnley bequeathed the urn to the M.C.C. Nowadays, the urn itself is kept permanently in the Long Room at Lord's, but the side that last won a Test series between the two countries is said to hold The Ashes. In the event of a tied series, the holding country retains The Ashes. After the present series, The Ashes will next be contested in the Australian summer of 1998-99. [PAR] Average, batting -- The total of a batsman's runs during the period for which the average is calculated, divided by the number of his completed innings, i.e. the number of times he was out in that period. An average of 40 is considered proficient, 50 outstanding. D.G.Bradman (Australia) averaged 99.6 in Tests. [PAR] Average, bowling -- The total of runs scored off a bowler in the period to which the average refers, divided by the number of wickets he took in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blake\u2019s \u201cJerusalem\u201d as a Hymn | Michael Ferber | Blake/An ... Blake\u2019s \u201cJerusalem\u201d as a Hymn | Michael Ferber | Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly | Volume 34, Issue 3 [PAR] Blake\u2019s \u201cJerusalem\u201d as a Hymn [PAR] By Michael Ferber [PAR] Blake\u2019s poem \u201cAnd did those feet,\u201d given the title \u201cJerusalem\u201d since its setting in 1916 by Hubert Parry, is Blake\u2019s best known work, except perhaps for \u201cThe Tyger.\u201d The \u201csecond national anthem\u201d of England and Wales, a staple of English hymnals and public schools, the last song of the Last Night of the Proms, it has been sung with equal fervor by suffragettes, Fabians, high-church Tories, Presbyterian missionaries, and American leftists. Having heard it and sung it many times myself and come to love it, I have grown interested in how it came to be written and what groups or causes adopted it\u2014its \u201creception history\u201d\u2014as well as how it works as a song. The two standard biographies of Parry give the main facts about its inception and early performances, though there is more one would like to know. 1 \u21a4 1 Charles L. Graves, Hubert Parry: His Life and Works, 2 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1926); Jeremy Dibble, C. Hubert H. Parry: His Life and Music (Oxford: Clarendon, 1992). I would like to thank Jeremy Brecher, Richard Flacks, David Fuller, Susan Reilly, Judith Sizer, and Phillip Zaeder for helpful tips. I have not found any extended discussion of it as a setting, and hence an interpretation, of Blake\u2019s text. 2 \u21a4 2 A recent article by Samuel J. Rogal, \u201cBlake\u2019s \u2018And did those feet\u2019 as Congregational Hymn,\u201d in The Hymn: A Journal of Congregational Song 44:3 (July 1993): 22-25, is disappointing, indeed maddening. It confidently asserts that the \u201cfeet\u201d of the first line belong to the Druids (per Stukeley), it thinks it important to track the chariot back to Gray and Milton, and is generally at a loss regarding the text. Worse is a peculiar suggestion that Parry\u2019s \u201chymn tune known today as Jerusalem\u201d existed independently of the text: \u201cBlake\u2019s \u2018And did those feet in ancient time,\u2019 set to the Parry tune Jerusalem . . .\u201d; \u201cParry\u2019s choral song, \u2018Jerusalem,\u2019 accompanying Blake\u2019s \u2018And did those feet in ancient time\u2019 . . .,\u201d as if Parry had the tune lying around in his notebook and then found that it suited Blake\u2019s verses. Rogal may have been misled by the existence of new lyrics to the Parry setting in certain unforgivable hymnals, such as A New Hymnal for Colleges and Schools, ed. Jeffrey Rowthorn and Russell Schulz-Widmar (New Haven: Yale UP, 1992), where the \u201cmusic\u201d to hymn 567 is \u201cJerusalem\u201d by Parry but the words begin: \u201cO day of peace that dimly shines / through all our hopes and prayers and dreams, / guide us to justice, truth, and love, / delivered from our selfish schemes.\u201d Nor have I found much concerning its later history in Britain or America. In this essay, then, I will present what is generally known about its origins and history and discuss it as a hymn. Some of what follows will be sketchy, but I hope it will at least provoke others, especially those with better access to British libraries, to fill in the gaps around this wonderful song. [PAR] \u201cJerusalem,\u201d of course, is not Blake\u2019s name for it, nor is it part of Jerusalem/The Emanation of The Giant Albion. The four-quatrain poem appears untitled at the end of the prose \u201cPreface\u201d to Milton (E 95-96). 3 \u21a4 3 The \u201cPreface\u201d (E pl. 1) is lacking in copies C and D, probably the last two of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Easter 2016 Dates - UK Bank Holidays. Easter 2016 Dates - UK Bank Holidays. [PAR] Blog [PAR] How is The Date of Easter Calculated? [PAR] In the northern hemisphere the date of Easter is defined as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the 21st March spring equinox. [PAR] The date of Easter Sunday therefore varies between 22nd March and 25th April. [PAR] In the southern hemisphere: Easter falls on the first Sunday on or after the first full moon after the Autumnal equinox, not after the first day of Autumn. [PAR] Schools generally are closed for 2 weeks during the UK Easter spring holidays. [PAR] As the date Easter falls on changes from year to year it is advisable to check with your local authority as to the exact times schools are closed. [PAR] Use our website to research the Easter school holidays in your area. Many local councils will publish school term dates up to 3 years in advance. [PAR] Easter and School Holidays: [PAR] Schools in some countries, like the UK, schedule a long Spring break to coincide with the religious holiday, so the length of school terms varies from year to year. There are plenty of problems caused by the moving date. [PAR] The Church of England and the UK government have made attempts over the years to fix a permanent date, and an Act of Parliament was actually passed in 1928 to pin Easter in the UK down to the Sunday after the 2nd Saturday in April. [PAR] That Act was never put into effect, partly because it would have been impractical to celebrate Easter on a different date in the UK from the rest of Europe, the Commonwealth and the United States. [PAR] Any change to the present system would be bound to provoke huge controversy, so the chances are that the quirky and inconvenient astronomical calculation we use now will go on well into the future. [PAR] When Does British Summer Time Begin and End? [PAR] Year [PAR] Sunday 26th March [PAR] Sun 29th October [PAR] In the UK the clocks go forward one hour at 1am on the last Sunday in March and go back one hour at 2am on the last Sunday in October. [PAR] The period when the clocks are one hour ahead is called British Summer Time (BST). [PAR] This means there is more daylight in the evenings and less in the mornings. Often this is also referred to as Daylight Saving Time. It can be written as GMT+1 [PAR] When the clocks are turned back one hour in October, the UK reverts back to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Again often written as GMT+0. [PAR] Ireland also follows the same time zone as the UK and the clocks are put forward and back on the same dates. [PAR] Author; by Malcolm Oakley [PAR] Breaks [PAR] Scheduled dates of bank holidays, Easter and public holidays in England, Wales and Scotland for the next three years. [PAR] There are different bank and public holidays in different parts of the UK. There are currently six permanent bank holidays in England and Wales. [PAR] Christmas Day and Good Friday are public holidays. St Georges Day is not yet a public holiday but is celebrated all over England. Easter school holiday dates for 2016 and 2017. [PAR] Halloween is not a public holiday in the UK but is increasingly a popular event celebrated by families. [PAR] UK Bank holidays, Easter Dates England and Wales 2016 and 2017. [PAR] England and Wales [PAR] Substitute days are marked with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Collective Nouns - TalkTalk Collective Nouns [PAR] Collective Nouns [PAR] One of the many oddities of the English language is the multitude of different names given to collections or groups, be they beasts, birds, people or things. Many of these collective nouns are beautiful and evocative, even poetic. [PAR] A colony of auks (flock, raft) [PAR] A colony of avocets [PAR] A flock of birds (dissimulation, fleet, flight, parcel, pod, volary, ) [PAR] A sedge of bitterns (siege) [PAR] A chain of bobolinks [PAR] A brood of chickens (cletch, clutch, peep) [PAR] A chattering of choughs (clattering) [PAR] A covert of coots ( commotion, cover, fleet, flock, pod, rasp, swarm) [PAR] A flight of cormorants (gulp) [PAR] A sedge of cranes (herd, sedge, siege) [PAR] A murder of crows ( hover, muster, parcel) [PAR] A head of curlews (herd) [PAR] A trip of dotterels [PAR] A dole of doves ( dule, flight, piteousness, pitying, prettying) [PAR] A flush of ducks (badelynge, brace, bunch, dopping, flock, paddling, plump, raft, safe, skein, sord, string, team) [PAR] A flight of dunbirds (rush) [PAR] A fling of dunlins [PAR] A convocation of eagles (aerie) [PAR] A cast of falcons [PAR] A charm of finches (chirm, trembling, trimming) [PAR] A stand of flamingos [PAR] A gaggle of geese (flock, plump, skein, team, wedge) [PAR] A charm of goldfinches (chattering, drum, troubling) [PAR] A dopping of goosanders [PAR] A covey of grouse (brace, brood, flight, pack) [PAR] A bazaar of guillemots [PAR] A mews of hawks (aerie, cast, kettle, mew, moulting, screw, stream) [PAR] A brood of hens [PAR] A sedge of herons (flight, hedge, rookery, siege) [PAR] A charm of hummingbirds (chattering, drum, troubling) [PAR] A colony of ibises [PAR] A band of jays (party, scold) [PAR] A desert of lapwings (deceit) [PAR] A parcel of linnets [PAR] An exaltation of larks (ascension, bevy, flight) [PAR] A congregation of magpies (charm, flock, gulp, murder, tiding, tittering, tribe, ) [PAR] A sord of mallards (flush, puddling, sute) [PAR] A plump of moorhens [PAR] A watch of nightingales (match, pray) [PAR] A pride of ostriches (flock) [PAR] A parliament of owls (stare) [PAR] A fling of oxbirds [PAR] A company of parrots (flock, pandemonium, psittacosis) [PAR] A covey of partridges (bevy, bew, clutch, warren) [PAR] A muster of peacocks (ostentation, pride) [PAR] A pod of pelicans (scoop) [PAR] A colony of penguins (parcel, rookery) [PAR] A cadge of peregrines [PAR] A nye of pheasants (bouquet, head, nide, warren, ) [PAR] A flight of pigeons (flock, kit, passel, ) [PAR] A knob of pintails [small number] [PAR] A congregation of plovers (band, flight, leash, stand, wing) [PAR] A rush of pochards (flight, knob[small number]) [PAR] A run of poultry [PAR] A bevy of quails (covey, drift) [PAR] An unkindness of ravens (aerie, conspiracy) [PAR] A crowd of redwings [PAR] A parliament of rooks (building, clamour, congregation, shoal, wing) [PAR] A hill of ruffs [PAR] A dopping of sheldrakes (doading) [PAR] A walk of snipes (wisp) [PAR] A host of sparrows (meinie, quarrel, tribe, ubiquity) [PAR] A murmuration of starlings (chattering, cloud, congregation, clutter) [PAR] A mustering of storks (flight, phalanx) [PAR] A flight of swallows (gulp) [PAR] A herd of swans (bank, bevy, drift, eyrar, game, herd, lamentation, sownder, squadron, team, wedge, whiteness, whiting) [PAR] A flock of swifts [PAR] A spring of teals (bunch, coil, knob, raft) [PAR] A mutation of thrushes [PAR] A flock of turkeys (dole, dule, raffle, raft, rafter, posse) [PAR] A pitying of turtledoves [PAR] A colony of vultures (committee, wake) [PAR] A plump of waterfowls (bunch, knob, raft) [PAR] A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Studios | Alexandra Palace BBC Studios | Alexandra Palace [PAR] Find us [PAR] Alexandra Palace [PAR] Situated between Muswell Hill & Wood Green, Alexandra Palace is well served by all forms of public transport and is easy to reach by underground, road, rail & air. [PAR] Alexandra Palace Way, London, N22 7AY [PAR] Tube: Wood Green [PAR] Bus: W3 or Shuttle Bus [PAR] Sat Nav: N22 7AY [PAR] Back to Hidden gems [PAR] BBC Studios [PAR] Alexandra Palace is known globally as the birthplace of television. In 1935 the British Broadcasting Corporation leased the eastern part of the Palace, from which the first public television transmissions were made. [PAR] Plan your journey [PAR] Alexandra Palace is known globally as the birthplace of television. In 1935 the British Broadcasting Corporation leased the eastern part of the Palace, from which the first public television transmissions were made. [PAR] These early transmissions were famously introduced by one of the first presenters, Elizabeth Cowell, with the words \u201cthis is direct television from the studios at Alexandra Palace\u2026\u201d [PAR] Alexandra Palace: Birthplace of Television [PAR] \u201cI found an old tyre, no roof, no doors and could see the sky. The smell of cat in the old banqueting rooms nearly made me sick and the whole thing looked the most dreadful mess.\u201d [PAR] Desmond Campbell, Lighting Engineer, BBC Television, 1935. [PAR] It was a rather inauspicious start to BBC television, but nevertheless the BBC did hire this \u201cdreadful mess\u201d, which encompassed the whole of the south-east corner of Alexandra Palace for conversion into television studios. [PAR] Over 73 years ago, on 2nd November 1936, the world\u2019s first regular high definition public television service was transmitted from Alexandra Palace. The BBC chose its new home because it was high up, already built and available. But with only 18 months to prepare for its television debut, the race was on to convert Alexandra Palace\u2019s banqueting and tea rooms in the south-east wing into two state of the art studios, make-up and dressing rooms with associated facilities. They were to remain in use for 45 years. [PAR] Originally in 1936 Studio A was equipped with the fully electronic system of the Marconi \u2013EMI Company. Across the centre of the studio was a special lighting bridge for spot and flood lights: a replica can be seen today. High up at the far end of the studio was the plate-glass window of the control room with a panel to control sound and vision, monitor screens and desk for the producer in charge. Next door were racks of equipment for controlling the cameras and the equipment for the transmission of films on television. [PAR] Further down the corridor was Studio B \u2013 equipped with the varying systems of the Baird\u2019s Company. This studio was exactly the same size as EMI\u2019s but laid out quite differently because the BBC was exploring different ways of using television technology. [PAR] Less well-known is the role played by the TV Studios during the Second World War. Though television broadcasts were stopped during the war, BBC transmitters at the palace were used in a secret operation to jam radio signals used by German bomber pilots to identify their positions and targets. A directional beam was transmitted from various points in occupied Europe across Britain. [PAR] Specially trained Luftwaffe crews few along these beams that ultimately led them to their target over Britain. These signals were received on the southern coast, fed to the transmitter at Alexandra Palace and re-radiated on the same frequency. [PAR] This caused the pilots to lose their bearings and miss"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 4 Presidents Carved On Mount Rushmore Mount Rushmore Audio Tour [PAR] Mount Rushmore National Memorial is one of the country's most recognizable landmarks, attracting more than two million people each year. This huge sculpture features the carved faces of four beloved U.S. presidents approximately sixty feet in height. The four presidents from left to right are George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. These four distinguished leaders were chosen by the lead sculptor of the project because of their role in preserving the country and expanding it. [PAR] George Washington [PAR] George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, and is most famous for being the first President of the United States. His role as commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War prior to his presidency was also key in obtaining independence from the British. With George Washington's incredible influence in the formation of the country, he is referred to with much affection as the \"Father\" of the country. One of his most notable quotes is, \"It is better to be alone than in bad company.\" [PAR] Thomas Jefferson [PAR] Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, and served as the third President of the United States. He is also well known as being the main author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. His visions of what America should be have made him one of the most influential of the Founding Fathers. Major accomplishments during his presidency include the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He is known for many philosophical statements, including, \"A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine.\" [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858, and is well known for his energetic persona and his cowboy image. He served as the twenty-sixth President of the United States, and was a key figure in the Republican Party during his political career. He is also known for inviting the press into the White House for daily briefings, which later became a tradition, and for adding on to the Monroe Doctrine, and passing the Pure Food and Drug Act. Theodore Roosevelt was known to have said, \"A man who is good enough to shed his blood for the country is good enough to be given a square deal afterwards.\" [PAR] Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, and served as the 16th President of the United States. Although his presidential term was cut short when he was assassinated in 1865, he led the country through the Civil War and was successful in ending slavery in the country. His Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 abolished slavery, and he also promoted passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. In speaking of the Civil War, Lincoln stated, \"A house divided against itself cannot stand.\" [PAR] Mount Rushmore Grand Legends Tour [PAR] You can learn more about Mount Rushmore and the many other attractions in the area with the nine hour Mount Rushmore Grand Legends Tour. This comprehensive guided tour begins with a visit to Mount Rushmore, and then moves on to Custer State Park , the Iron Mountain Road, Sylvan Lake , and the Crazy Horse Memorial . The final leg of this great experience takes you on the 1880 Train , a vintage train that travels across the Black Hills .[DOC] [TLE] 1. Which American presidents have their faces sculpted on ... 1. Which American presidents have their faces sculpted on Mount Rushmore? - Liverpool Echo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Four Color Process Printing Explained - PrintingForLess.com Four Color Process Printing Explained [PAR] Get a price for your project now. [PAR] Get free customized samples today. [PAR] It's Right. It's On Time. Or It's FREE! [PAR] Expert Help on all Your Projects [PAR] High Quality and Fast Turnaround [PAR] 100% Satisfaction Guarantee! [PAR] How 4 Color Process Printing (CMYK) Works [PAR] Four color process printing is a system where a color image is separated into 4 different color values (called a color separation) by the use of filters and screens. This used to be done with photographic film on a graphic arts camera, but is usually done digitally with software now. The result is a color separation of 4 images that when transferred to printing plates and sequentially printed on a printing press with the colored inks cyan (blue), magenta (red), yellow and black (the k in cmyk), reproduces the original color image. Most of the entire spectrum or gamut of colors are reproduced with just the four process ink colors. The four color printing process is universally used in the graphic arts and commercial printing industry for the reproduction of color images and text. [PAR] CMYK Process Printing Features [PAR] Uses same 4 standardized base colors all the time (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) [PAR] Small dots of these colors are printed at different angles to create the printed image [PAR] Most widely used and cost effective color system in commercial printing [PAR] Significantly cheaper than toner based printing for larger quantity runs [PAR] The use of color in print increases readership and information retention. [PAR] Studies in a major publication revealed that the use of color increased readership by 40% or more. A university study showed a 65% increase in the retention of material when full color was used instead of black and white. [PAR] Also see Color in the Printing Process for more information on four color process in commercial printing. [PAR] Video explaining four color process printing[DOC] [TLE] 4-Color Process vs. Spot Color Printing | Printwand\u2122 4-Color Process vs. Spot Color Printing | Printwand\u2122 [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] 4-Color Process vs. Spot Color Printing [PAR] When you create printed products such as promotional items, chances are that you\u2019ll use either 4-color process or spot color printing. Both processes are popular because they produce high quality items while keeping the price quite reasonable. [PAR] These two types of printing produce markedly different results, so it\u2019s typically very easy to tell which process was used simply by looking at the colors within a printed design. [PAR] Notice how the \"four-color process\" image makes use of a multitude of assorted hues, while the \"spot color\" logo only uses varying shades of blue. [PAR] Here\u2019s a brief description of each process that also explains how they differ from one another. [PAR] 4-Color Process Printing [PAR] Open up your Sunday newspaper and find the funny pages. If you look very closely at a full-color comic strip, you\u2019ll see that the images are made up of tiny colored dots. There are only four different colors of dots, but together they create a wide spectrum of hues. This is four-color process printing at work. It\u2019s the same principle upon which your home printer operates; commercial printers use an advanced form of the process that produces very high-quality images. [PAR] This process is also called CMYK color printing, after the four colors of ink it utilizes: cyan (C), yellow (Y), magenta (M), and black, also known as key (K). These four colors can produce nearly any color imaginable, including gradients and subtle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pentateuch -- the first five books of the Bible The Pentateuch -- the first five books of the Bible [PAR] The Hebrew Scriptures a.k.a. Old Testament [PAR] Who wrote the Pentateuch, [PAR] a.k.a. the Five Books of Moses? [PAR] Sponsored link. [PAR] The five books of Moses are a.k.a. The Pentateuch, [PAR] the Books of the Law, the Law, and the Torah [PAR] Conflicting quotations: [PAR] \"...despite all the arguments made against Mosaic authorship/editorship, the traditional view [that Moses wrote the Pentateuch] is still as critically tenable as any of the others.\" J.D. Douglas et al. 1 [PAR] \"..there is hardly a biblical scholar in the world actively working on the [authorship] problem who would claim that the Five Books of Moses were written by Moses.\" R.E. Friedman. 2 [PAR] \"...it has long been recognized that...[Moses] cannot have been the author, and that the Pentateuch is in fact anonymous.\" D.J.A. Clines. 3 [PAR] Biblical Terms: [PAR] Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy are sometimes referred to as: [PAR] the \"Five Books of Moses,\" because the writings themselves identify the author as Moses, or [PAR] the \"Pentateuch,\" a Greek term meaning \"pente (5) teuchos (volumes),\" or [PAR] the \"Books of the Law\", or [PAR] the \"Torah\" (a Hebrew word meaning \"instruction\") [PAR] These books were originally written as a single unbroken scroll. Sometime before the 2nd Century BCE , it was divided into the 5 books that we see today. [PAR] What does the Bible itself say about authorship of the Pentateuch? [PAR] There are about two dozen verses in the Hebrew Scriptures and one dozen in the Christian Scriptures which state or strongly imply that Moses was the author. Consider the following passages from the New Living Translation (NLT): [PAR] Passages in the Pentateuch itself: [PAR] Exodus 17:14 \"Then the Lord instructed Moses, 'Write this down as a permanent record...'\" [PAR] Exodus 24:4 \"Then Moses carefully wrote down all the Lord's instructions.\" [PAR] Exodus 34:27 \"And the Lord said to Moses, 'Write down all these instructions, for they represents the terms of my covenant with you and with Israel.'\" [PAR] Leviticus 1:1 \"The Lord called to Moses from the Tabernacle and said to him, 'Give the following instructions to the Israelites...'\" [PAR] Leviticus 6:8 \"Then the Lord said to Moses, 'Give Aaron and his sons the following instructions...'\" [PAR] Deuteronomy 31:9 \"So Moses wrote down this law and gave it to the priests.\" [PAR] Deuteronomy 31:24-26 \"When Moses had finished writing down this entire body of law in a book...\" [PAR] Passages elsewhere in the Hebrew Scriptures: [PAR] Joshua 1:7-8 \"...Obey all the laws Moses gave you.\" [PAR] Joshua 8:31-34 \"He followed the instructions that Moses the Lord's servant had written in the Book of the Law...\" [PAR] Joshua 22:5 \"...obey all the commands and the laws that Moses gave to you.\" [PAR] 2 Chronicles 34:14 \"...Hilkiah the high priest...found the book of the Law of the Lord as it had been given through Moses.\" [PAR] Passages in the Gospels which show that Jesus and John the Baptizer believed Moses to be the author: [PAR] Matthew 19:7-8 \"...why did Moses say a man could merely write an official letter of divorce and send her away?\", they asked. Jesus replied, 'Moses permitted divorce...'\" [PAR] Matthew 22:24 \"Moses said, 'If a man dies without children...'\" [PAR] Mark 7:10 \"For instance, Moses gave you this law from God...\" [PAR] Mark 12:24 \"...haven't you ever read about this in the writings of Moses, in the story of the burning bush...\" [PAR] Luke 24:44 \"...I told you that everything written about me"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many U.S. states begin with the letter \"I ... How many U.S. states begin with the letter \"I\"? | Reference.com [PAR] How many U.S. states begin with the letter \"I\"? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] According to About.com, there are four states in the United States that begin with the letter \"I.\" Idaho, Illinois, Indiana and Iowa all start with this vowel. The letters that start the most states, both with eight each, are \"M\" and \"N.\" [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The letters that rank second in starting the most states, all with four states each, are \"A,\" \"I\" and \"W.\" Seven letters do not begin the name of any states: \"B,\" \"E,\" \"J,\" \"Q,\" \"X,\" \"Y\" and \"Z.\" According to State Symbols USA, Idaho was simply a made up word with no real meaning. Illinois is \"the French version of an Algonquin Indian word for \"warriors.\" Indiana means \"Land of the Indians\" and Iowa was named after a tribe of Sioux Indians called the Ioway."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Dolittle - Buy, Rent, and Watch Movies & TV on Flixster Doctor Dolittle - Buy, Rent, and Watch Movies & TV on Flixster [PAR] More reviews for Doctor Dolittle [PAR] Flixster Audience Score: 57% Flixster User Reviews [PAR] Phil Hubbs [PAR] Yes that's right kids, that hideous Eddie Murphy movie is actually based on a very famous set of children's novels by Hugh Lofting and before the\u2026 More Yes that's right kids, that hideous Eddie Murphy movie is actually based on a very famous set of children's novels by Hugh Lofting and before the modern revamp came this far far superior children's movie. This film is actually based on three of the Dolittle novels, all fused together, but you'd never have guessed that. The film feels like its set in stages, first off we meet Matthew Mugg and Tommy Stubbins in the whimsical little English port town of Puddleby-on-the-marsh. Once we the audience are acquainted with this cute couple its off to see the doctor in his typically traditionally beautiful little English cottage on the hill. From there on we watch the trio get stuck in various ordeals involving various animals as they try to raise money to go on a voyage to find the Giant Great Pink Sea-Snail. Eventually the second leg of the movie kicks in as the trio and the obligatory beautiful female set sail into the unknown. The third part of movie would involve the crew getting shipwrecked but finding land, land that conveniently happens to harbour the Pink Sea-Snail. Where to begin?! I was virtually raised with this film (amongst other classics), as a kid I hated it truth be told, probably down to forced repeat viewings but as I have matured I can see what a fantastic picture it really is. The movie didn't perform too well upon release which really amazed me frankly as I personally think this is way better than say...'Mary bloody Poppins'. It didn't help that Disney's 'Jungle Book' came out around the same time of course. The village scenes filmed in Wiltshire, UK are absolutely gorgeous to look at they really are, if ever you wanted to see the perfect little olde worlde English hamlet then voila. Unfortunately they had to use sets eventually down to the locals not liking what was happening to their little home but I don't see the issue really. The fishing port mockup with farm animals, cats and period dressed locals is so quaint and lovely looking, probably lots of droppings everywhere but hey come on! different times they were. There really isn't a scene in the entire movie which isn't bright bold and colourful with excellent detailed props and costumes. The locations were magnificently chosen and really brought the picture to life. You can easily tell the sets of Sea-Star Island compared to the real locations shoots of St Lucia, had it all been sets it clearly would not have been half as spectacular visually. Personally (apart from Puddleby at the start) I think the circus sequences and sets were the most impressive and enjoyable. Being a simple circus tent scenario it wouldn't have been too hard to pull off but you gotta remember everything is period set within the Victorian era. This setting is what makes the movie so attractive to look at with the lavish Victorian decorations sets props costumes etc...Even more so within the circus scenes with classic clowns, strong men, bearded ladies, big butch bald guys...and many with thick waxed moustaches. Its the circus scenes where I think we see the best performance which is from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Phil Silvers Show (TV Series 1955\u20131959) - IMDb The Phil Silvers Show (TV Series 1955\u20131959) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Sgt. Ernie Bilko is the ultimate con man. He runs the motor pool at a small Kansas US Army Camp. Colonel Hall, nominally in charge of the base tries to keep Bilko's plans in check. Bilko ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Colonel Hall is attempting to set a new Army record for inducting new recruits. Unfortunately he also inducts a chimpanzee then has to convene a court martial to discharge Private Harry Speakup. [PAR] 9.2 [PAR] It's Fort Baxter Day at the camp. It's tradition for the platoon to date each other's sisters. Doberman's sister is without a date. Bilko can't find anyone to date Duane's sister, that is until he ... [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] Bilko hears a recording made by a mystery singer & sets out to find out who the voice belongs to. Doberman is the mystery singer & Bilko sets up an audition at a record company. Is Duane about to ... [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 03 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 18 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: The Phil Silvers Show (1955\u20131959) [PAR] 8.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 8 Primetime Emmys. Another 2 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Sensitive teenager Dobie Gillis (yes, Dobie being his real given name) exasperates his grocer father Herbert T. Gillis and is the apple of Winnie Gillis' eye, she being his mother. Dobie ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Dwayne Hickman, Bob Denver, Frank Faylen [PAR] Danny Williams, a successful nightclub singer, encounters a variety of difficult or amusing situations in trying to balance his career with his family: his outspoken wife Kathy, teenage ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Danny Thomas, Rusty Hamer, Marjorie Lord [PAR] The popular radio show comes to life in this hit sitcom about a wise family man, Jim Anderson, his common-sense wife Margaret and their children Betty, Bud and Kathy. Whenever the kids need... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Robert Young, Jane Wyatt, Billy Gray [PAR] Widower Steve Douglas raises three sons with the help of his father-in-law, and is later aided by the boys' great-uncle. An adopted son, a stepdaughter, wives, and another generation of sons join the loving family in later seasons. [PAR] Stars: Fred MacMurray, Stanley Livingston, Don Grady [PAR] Bill Davis is a highly paid and successful engineer living in a large apartment in New York with his valet, Mr. Giles French . His life is suddenly changed when his niece, Buffy shows up. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Brian Keith, Kathy Garver, Anissa Jones [PAR] The adventures in the Florida Everglades of a game warden, Tom Wedloe, his wife Ellen, their son Mark, and Mark's tame bear Ben. [PAR] Stars: Dennis Weaver, Clint Howard, Beth Brickell [PAR] Top Cat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack the Ripper claims first victim - HISTORY.com Jack the Ripper claims first victim - Aug 31, 1888 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Jack the Ripper claims first victim [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Jack the Ripper claims first victim [PAR] Author [PAR] Jack the Ripper claims first victim [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Prostitute Mary Ann Nichols, the first victim of London serial killer \u201cJack the Ripper,\u201d is found murdered and mutilated in Whitechapel\u2019s Buck\u2019s Row. The East End of London saw four more victims of the murderer during the next few months, but no suspect was ever found. [PAR] In Victorian England, London\u2019s East End was a teeming slum occupied by nearly a million of the city\u2019s poorest citizens. Many women were forced to resort to prostitution, and in 1888 there were estimated to be more than 1,000 prostitutes in Whitechapel. That summer, a serial killer began targeting these downtrodden women. On September 8, the killer claimed his second victim, Annie Chapman, and on September 30 two more prostitutes\u2013Liz Stride and Kate Eddowes\u2013were murdered and carved up on the same night. By then, London\u2019s police had determined the pattern of the killings. The murderer, offering to pay for sex, would lure his victims onto a secluded street or square and then slice their throats. As the women rapidly bled to death, he would then brutally mutilate them with the same six-inch knife. [PAR] The police, who lacked modern forensic techniques such as fingerprinting and blood typing, were at a complete loss for suspects. Dozens of letters allegedly written by the murderer were sent to the police, and the vast majority of these were immediately deemed fraudulent. However, two letters\u2013written by the same individual\u2013alluded to crime facts known only to the police and the killer. These letters, signed \u201cJack the Ripper,\u201d gave rise to the serial killer\u2019s popular nickname. [PAR] On November 7, after a month of silence, Jack took his fifth and last victim, Irish-born Mary Kelly, an occasional prostitute. Of all his victims\u2019 corpses, Kelly\u2019s was the most hideously mutilated. In 1892, with no leads found and no more murders recorded, the Jack the Ripper file was closed. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chef! (TV Series 1993\u20131996) - IMDb Chef! (TV Series 1993\u20131996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Famous chef Gareth Blackstock struggles with dividing time between wife Janice and the restaurant. It's a good thing he can let off steam with his remarks. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Gareth prepares a lunch for renowned chef Albert Roux, but has trouble finding unpasteurized Stilton. [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] Gareth Blackstock, chef of Le Ch\u00e2teau Anglais, has to cut the kitchen budget. He refuses, forcing his wife Janice to think of a plan. [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] Janice wants to cut down on expenses and open the restaurant at Christmas. She arranges a blind test to find a cheaper turkey. [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 07 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 15 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 21 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Chef! \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A comedy, conceived by Lenny Henry, playing the *finest* chef in England, possibly the world. Chef! is set in the kitchen of _Le Chateau Anglais_, the finest French restaurant in England. Gareth Blackstock, the aforementioned chef, embodies all the worst qualities of someone at the top of their profession... Written by Michael Masterson <mjm@wru.org> [PAR] 28 January 1993 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Janice Blackstock : And you're a man... [PAR] Gareth : Janice, I can hardly deny that with you holding the evidence. [PAR] A chef's quest for perfection leads to hilarity.... [PAR] 27 March 2005 | by macpro75 [PAR] (USA) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Chef Gareth Blackstock cares about nothing so much as preparing the finest meals for the guests at his restaurant, often to the frustration of his beautiful, intelligent wife and long-suffering staff. Chef understands how difficult he can be in his never-ending quest to be the best. He describes himself as knowing nothing else: he has no hobbies, doesn't help out friends, or go out at night. In fact, he (loudly) describes himself as \"a personality problem under a silly white hat.\" The humor is rapid-fire and intelligent, as Chef verbally eviscerates anyone who dares to come between him and a perfectly prepared plate of food. Lenny Henry is acerbic perfection as Chef Blackstock, exhibiting both broad humor and extremely dry, biting wit, and still remaining a sympathetic character. Highly recommended for Brit-com lovers and anyone who enjoys sly, rapier sharp, lightning fast wit! [PAR] 7 of 10 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Constable, 'Flatford Mill (\u2018Scene on a Navigable ... 'Flatford Mill (\u2018Scene on a Navigable River\u2019)', John Constable, 1816\u20137 | Tate [PAR] Catalogue entry [PAR] Summary [PAR] Constable began this picture, his largest exhibition canvas to be painted mainly outdoors, a few months before his marriage to Maria Bicknell (see Tate Gallery T03900 ). He wrote to Maria from Bergholt on 12 September 1816: 'I am now in the midst of a large picture here which I had contemplated for the next exhibition - it would have made my mind easy had it been forwarder - I cannot help it - we must not expect to have all our wishes complete' (in R.B. Beckett, ed., John Constable's Correspondence, II, Ipswich 1964, p.203). Prior to 1814, the artist produced his exhibition pictures in the studio, working from oil sketches and drawings , but in that year he declared his intention to make finished paintings from nature. The summers of 1816 and 1817 were the last occasions upon which Constable spent any length of time at East Bergholt, and the last in which the artist painted directly from the scenery of his Suffolk childhood. [PAR] Constable frequently depicted the scenes of his 'careless boyhood' which, he wrote to his friend Archdeacon Fisher, he associated with 'all that lies on the banks of the Stour. They made me a painter (& I am gratefull)' (letter of 23 October 1821; in Beckett, VI, 1968, p.78). The Constable family business was at Flatford, about a mile from East Bergholt. The family had a watermill on the Stour for grinding corn, and a dry dock for building the barges to transport grain to Mistley for shipment to London, as well as a watermill upstream at Dedham. The passage up and down the river required the use of horse-drawn barges; the ropes had to be disconnected in order to allow the barges to be poled under Flatford bridge. In this picture, a boy is disconnecting a rope and another sits astride a tow-horse. Constable painted the inscription to appear as if it had been scratched in the earth with a stick. [PAR] Although the painting was probably executed largely on the spot, various details were almost certainly added in the studio, such as the boy and the horse, the timberwork in the foreground and the mooring-post on the left. It is known from x-rays that the artist painted out a horse on the tow-path and substituted the figures of two boys. Constable evidently experienced difficulty painting outdoors on such a large canvas as this one, for after showing it at the Royal Academy in 1817, he repainted the tops of the trees and the entire sky, presumably in time for the picture's second showing at the British Institution in January 1818. [PAR] Constable made several drawings and oil sketches of the subject from various angles, but the only certain preparatory studies for the picture are an oil sketch in the collection of David Thomson and two drawings, one in the Tate (Tate Gallery T05493 ). This is a pencil tracing of an image made with a brush on a sheet of glass held on an easel in front of the subject itself. The tracing was made by placing a piece of paper over the image on the glass, and was squared for transfer to the canvas. It contains the two barges but none of the figures seen in the painting. [PAR] Further reading: [PAR] Leslie Parris and Ian Fleming-Williams, Constable, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1991, pp.17, 69, 120, 179-81, 229, 286, 413, 467, 469,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to the Classic Toy Museum - Pluto Platter ( Frisbee ) Welcome to the Classic Toy Museum - Pluto Platter ( Frisbee ) [PAR] Inventor Walter Frederick Morrison & Pluto Platter [PAR] FUN FACTS! [PAR] 1n 1937, inventor Walter F. Morrison flips a popcorn lid to friends at a Thanksgiving gathering. [PAR] In 1946, Walter F. Morrison sketches a design for the world's first flying disc and names it Whirlo-Way. [PAR] In 1955, Walter F. Morrison's company PIPCO manufactured and sold the PLUTO PLATTER flying disc. [PAR] In 1957, Walter F. Morrison signs all rights to the PLUTO PLATTER over to Wham-O. [PAR] Later in 1957, Wham-O changes the name to FRISBEE."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characters - Teletubbies Wiki - Wikia Characters | Teletubbies Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Characters [PAR] Tinky Winky (played by Dave Thompson , Mark Heenehan , and Simon Shelton ) is the first Teletubby. He is the largest of the Teletubbies, is covered in bright purple terrycloth, and has a triangular antenna on his head. He is notable for the red luggage (described by the show as a \"magic bag\", but often described by other media as a handbag) he always carries. His character has caused controversy due to allegations that his character's behavior, bag and body colour have homosexual qualities ( see below ). [PAR] Dipsy (played by John Simmit ) is the second Teletubby. He is lime green and is named \"Dipsy\" because his antenna resembles a dipstick . He likes his black and white furry top hat , which he once lost. Laa-Laa found it, but instead of simply returning Dipsy's hat to the stricken Dipsy, she ran around it for about ten minutes shouting \"Dipsy Hat! Dipsy Hat!\". He is the most stubborn of the Teletubbies, and will sometimes refuse to go along with the other Teletubbies' group opinion. His face is also notably darker than the rest of the Teletubbies, and the creators have stated that he is Black . [9 ] [PAR] Laa-Laa (played by Nikky Smedley ) is the third Teletubby. She is sunflower yellow, and has a curly antenna. She likes to sing and dance, and is often seen to look out for the other Teletubbies. Her favourite thing is a bouncy, orange ball, which is almost as big as she is. [PAR] Po (played by Pui Fan Lee , Pui Fan Lee ) is the fourth and last Teletubby. She is the smallest and youngest of the Teletubbies, is rosy red, and has an antenna shaped like a stick used for blowing soap bubbles . Her favourite object is her scooter , which she calls \"scoota\" (she also calls it \"coota\", or just \"cooter\"). Po can sometimes be mischievous and naughty, as when she disobeys the commands of the \"Voice Trumpets\". She has been stated by the show's creators to be Cantonese , [9 ] and as such, she is bilingual, speaking both English and Cantonese. Although many are unsure of Po's gender, or consider her to be male (possibly because of her scarlet colour and tomboyish antics), she is clearly referred to as female in several episodes, such as \"Dad's Portrait\" (Episode 216, first broadcast 1998) and \"Numbers: 2\" (Episode 30). Many refer to her as \"he\" even though it is \"she\" (the same happens with Laa-Laa). [PAR] Noo-Noo (played by Dean Mark Dean ) seems to be both the Teletubbies' guardian and housekeeper, due to its resemblance to a vacuum cleaner , which is its principal purpose in the house. Noo-Noo hardly ventures outside, instead remaining indoors and constantly cleaning with its sucker-like nose. It does not speak like the other characters, instead communicating through a series of slurping and sucking noises. At times, Noo-Noo gets annoyed with the Teletubbies' antics and can vacuum their food or toys. This usually prompts the Teletubbies to scold Noo-Noo through a cry of \"Naughty Noo-Noo!\". Usually after this, Noo-Noo flees and the Teletubbies pursue it comically around"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guidelines for Keyboard User Interface Design (Windows) Guidelines for Keyboard User Interface Design (Windows) [PAR] Guidelines for Keyboard User Interface Design [PAR] Collapse the table of content [PAR] Expand the table of content [PAR] This documentation is archived and is not being maintained. [PAR] This documentation is archived and is not being maintained. [PAR] Guidelines for Keyboard User Interface Design [PAR] Microsoft Corporation [PAR] April 2002 [PAR] Summary: This article describes the guidelines for designing a keyboard user interface for a Microsoft Windows application. (35 printed pages) [PAR] Windows Shortcut Keys [PAR] Overview [PAR] This article describes the guidelines for designing a keyboard user interface (UI) for a Microsoft Windows application. A keyboard UI allows users to navigate an application and manipulate UI elements by using a keyboard alone or in combination with a mouse (or another pointing device). Following these guidelines will help you design a keyboard UI that makes your application more accessible to people with disabilities. [PAR] Role of the Keyboard UI in Accessibility [PAR] A well-designed keyboard UI is an important aspect of software accessibility. It enables users who are blind or who have certain motor disabilities to navigate an application and interact with its features. Such users may be unable to operate a mouse, and may rely on assistive technologies \u2014 such as keyboard enhancement tools, on-screen keyboards, screen enlargers, screen readers, and voice input utilities \u2014 all of which depend on an application's keyboard UI. [PAR] Many assistive technologies use the keyboard UI programmatically,even if users are not using a standard keyboard input device. Although some assistive technologies may have custom keyboard shortcuts that can make an operation easier, consistency and standardization in keyboard UI design \u2014 for assistive technologies and for all aspects of accessibility \u2014 are critical to avoid confusing users. [PAR] The Windows UI design maximizes input flexibility. Accessibility Options in Control Panel offers tools that enhance keyboard functionality, such as StickyKeys, FilterKeys, ToggleKeys, and MouseKeys. These tools can help users to operate applications with the keyboard. However, they do not replace the accessibility provided by a well-designed keyboard UI. [PAR] Fundamentals of Keyboard UI Design [PAR] Well-designed applications include two basic requirements: [PAR] They must be usable even when the keyboard is the sole input device. [PAR] They must also be functional and user-friendly. [PAR] The following sections provide information that you should be familiar with before you begin to design a keyboard UI. [PAR] Keyboard UI Design Rules [PAR] To design an effective keyboard UI, use the following design rules: [PAR] Provide keyboard access to all features, and document the keyboard interface. [PAR] It is recommended that the keyboard be able to perform the same tasks as a mouse device. Document the keyboard UI in the product manual and through online Help. Be sure that the input focus location (the point at which input is being directed in the UI) is provided programmatically as well as visually. [PAR] For more information, see GetAsyncKeyState and Retrieving the State of a Key . [PAR] Common Keyboard UI Design Mistakes and Limitations [PAR] Ideally, all application features must be accessible through the keyboard. However, this may not always be feasible. Sometimes keyboard access to a feature forces users to follow awkward or complicated steps. Or it may be programmatically challenging to implement a feature through the keyboard UI. [PAR] The following list describes issues and challenges associated with creating keyboard UIs. [PAR] Inconsistent navigation order in dialog boxes. [PAR] The navigation order must be logical and follow the direction in which the language is read. Frequently, the order is corrupted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: November 2007 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: November 2007 [PAR] Macclesfield Pub Quiz League [PAR] FIRST ROUND OF THE CUP 27 NOVEMBER [PAR] 1. WHAT DID WAINWRIGHTS ORIGINALLY MAKE? [PAR] WAGONS [PAR] 2. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE TIRELESS WORKHORSE IN GEORGE ORWELL\u2019S ANIMAL FARM? [PAR] BOXER [PAR] 3. WHAT IS THE MOST EASTERN SATE OF THE U.S.A.? [PAR] MAINE [PAR] 4. TO WHICH PRIME MINISTER WAS MARGOT ASQUITH REFERRING WHEN SHE SAID, \"HE COULD NEVER SEE A BELT WITHOUT HITTING BELOW IT\"? [PAR] DAVID LLOYD GEORGE [PAR] 5. IN WHICH GILBERT AND SULLIVAN OPERETTA WOULD YOU HEAR \"HE IS AN ENGLISHMAN\"? [PAR] H.M.S. PINAFORE [PAR] 6. WHO HAS BEEN THE ONLY DIVORCED PRESIDENT OF THE U.S.A.? [PAR] RONALD REGAN [PAR] 7. NAME ONE OF THE OTHER COUNTRIES THAT JOINED THE COMMON MARKET AT THE SAME TIME AS THE U.K.? [PAR] EIRE OR DENMARK [PAR] 8. WHERE CAN THE WALLACE MONUMENT BE FOUND? [PAR] STIRLING [PAR] 9. HOW MANY PRE-DECIMAL PENNIES WAS A FLORIN WORTH? [PAR] 24 [PAR] 10. WHO RAN THE POST OFFICE IN POSTMAN PAT'S VILLAGE OF GREENDALE? [PAR] MRS. GOGGINS [PAR] 11. WHOSE 1950'S ECONOMIC PROGRAMME WAS CALLED THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD? [PAR] MAO TSE TUNG [PAR] 12. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SMALL LEATHER BOXES WORN BY JEWISH MEN DURING WORSHIP? [PAR] PHYLACTERIES [PAR] 13. WHERE WAS RICK'S CAFE? [PAR] CASABLANCA [PAR] 14. WHAT PET NAME FOR A DOG IS LATIN FOR I TRUST? [PAR] FIDO [PAR] 15. WHICH ENGLISH CITY IS HOME TO THE CRUCIBLE THEATRE? [PAR] SHEFFIELD [PAR] 16. WHO WROTE THE PLAY THE CRUCIBLE? [PAR] ARTHUR MILLER [PAR] 17. WHICH ACTOR STARRED AS IVANHOE, THE SAINT AND JAMES BOND? [PAR] ROGER MOORE [PAR] 18. PHOBOS AND DEMOS ARE MOONS OF WHICH PLANET? [PAR] MARS [PAR] 19. WHAT WAS OSCAR WILDE'S SECOND GIVEN NAME? [PAR] FINGAL [PAR] 20. IF CLINT EASTWOOD WAS THE GOOD, LEE VAN CLEEF WAS THE BAD, WHO WAS THE UGLY? [PAR] ELI WALLACH [PAR] 21. WHAT DOES THE LETTER F STAND FOR ON A PLIMSOLL LINE? [PAR] FRESH WATER [PAR] 22 UNDER WHAT NAME DID ERICH WEISS ACHIEVE FAME? [PAR] HARRY HOUDINI [PAR] 23. HOW MANY DEGREES ARE THERE IN AN OCTANT? [PAR] 45 [PAR] 24. WHICH SCIENCE FICTION T.V. SERIES TEATURED EVIL ROBOTS CALLED CYLONS? [PAR] BATTLESTAR GALLACTICA [PAR] 25. ON WHICH ISLAND IS THE VOLCANO MOUNT ETNA? [PAR] SICILY [PAR] 26. WHAT WAS THE TITLE OF GRAHAM GREENE'S FIRST NOVEL? [PAR] THE MAN WITHIN [PAR] 27. WHICH COUNTRY HAS A PARLIAMENT BUILDING KNOWN AS THE BEEHIVE? [PAR] NEW ZEALAND [PAR] 28. WHICH MUSICAL FEATURES THE SONG 'DAY BY DAY'? [PAR] GODSPELL [PAR] 29. WHICH TEAM WON THE FIRST SCOTTISH FA. CUP FINAL? [PAR] QUEENS PARK RANGERS [PAR] 30. ON WHAT WOULD YOU SEE A GNOMON? [PAR] SUNDIAL [PAR] 31. WHAT WAS THE NATIVE LANGUAGE OF JESUS CHRIST? [PAR] ARAMAIC [PAR] 32. IN WHICH CITY IS THE HERMITAGE MUSEUM? [PAR] ST. PETERSBURG [PAR] 33 WHO ASSASSINATED ROBERT KENNEDY IN 1968? [PAR] SIRHAN SIRHAN [PAR] 35. WHICH SONG IS SET TO MUSIC FROM ONE OF ELGAR'S POMP AND CIRCUMSTANCE MARCHES? [PAR] LAND OF HOPE AND GLORY [PAR] 36. WHAT IS THE SI UNIT OF ILLUMINATION? [PAR] LUX [PAR] 37. WHAT WAS THE NAME OF JACQUES COUSTEAU'S SHIP? [PAR] CALYPSO [PAR] 38. IN WHICH CHARLES DICKENS NOVEL DOES MRS. PARDIGGLE APPEAR? [PAR] BLEAK HOUSE [PAR] 39. IN THE CHINESE GAME OF MAHJONG, WHAT DOES THE WORD MAHJONG MEAN? [PAR] GOLDFISH [PAR] 40. IN WHICH ACTIVITY ARE JESSES USED? [PAR] FALCONRY [PAR] 41. WHAT WAS THE NAME OF RIGSBY'S CAT IN THE T.V. COMEDY SERIES"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did Star Trek really show TV\u2019s first interracial kiss ... Did Star Trek really show TV\u2019s first interracial kiss? \u2013 the agony booth [PAR] by Dr. Winston O'Boogie \u00b7 November 22, 2015 [PAR] [Note: This is an update to an article I posted one year ago today. Read on to learn about several scenes I\u2019ve come across in the past year that are even stronger contenders for TV\u2019s first interracial kiss. Also: GIFs of all the kisses being discussed!] [PAR] On November 22, 1968, exactly 46 years ago today, NBC aired the Star Trek episode \u201cPlato\u2019s Stepchildren\u201d , in which William Shatner\u2019s Captain Kirk kissed Nichelle Nichols\u2019 Lt. Uhura and they made TV history. Or did they? [PAR] Nowadays, it\u2019s generally accepted that this episode depicted TV\u2019s first interracial kiss, which was all the more historically significant considering the civil rights struggles of the time. Over the years, I\u2019ve seen various books and articles and blog posts assert that the episode was highly controversial in its original airing, with some NBC affiliates (usually only identified as being in \u201cthe south\u201d) refusing to air the episode, sponsors threatening to pull their ads, and viewers subsequently responding with an avalanche of hate mail. Given the times, it certainly sounds plausible enough, right? [PAR] Being the child of an interracial couple myself, I\u2019ve long wondered what actually went down back then. Figuring that an episode that provoked such strong reactions must have made news at the time, I decided to dig through online archives of newspapers, books, and various periodicals to see what the media was saying about it in November of 1968. [PAR] Alas, I found virtually no mention of the episode being any sort of milestone or noteworthy event at the time it aired, or even for many years afterwards. [PAR] The article continues after this advertisement... [PAR] Take Ebony magazine, for instance: it didn\u2019t mention Star Trek at all until the following February, when it published a lengthy feature profiling most of the black actors on TV during the 1968-1969 season, including Nichelle Nichols. But it never mentioned the kiss. Somehow, Ebony, of all magazines, didn\u2019t find the supposed first kiss between a white actor and black actress on primetime TV to be worthy of note. [PAR] As it turns out, the first references in the media to Star Trek having \u201cTV\u2019s first interracial kiss\u201d don\u2019t show up until over a decade later. And yet, the assertion was pretty much taken at face value, and by the early 1990s, the idea of this kiss being the \u201cfirst\u201d was ingrained enough into popular culture for both Shatner and Nichols to talk about it at length in both of their memoirs. [PAR] They each tell a slightly different tale: Shatner describes how NBC executives were afraid that some of their affiliates might refuse to air \u201cPlato\u2019s Stepchildren\u201d, and wanted to remove the kiss completely, so they compromised and filmed it in such a way that you never see Kirk and Uhura\u2019s lips touching. Shatner even writes that \u201cthe widely held assumption that Star Trek features the first interracial kiss in the history of television is absolutely untrue,\u201d due to the fact that their lips never touched, though Nichols insists in her memoir that they did kiss for real. [PAR] In her version, the network instead demanded the filming of alternate takes where the two actors never kissed at all, and so Shatner goofed off in every attempt at filming those takes, forcing them to use the shot of them kissing that we see in the finished episode. [PAR] While Shatner\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wizard of Oz (5/8) Movie CLIP - Finding The Tin Man ... The Wizard of Oz (5/8) Movie CLIP - Finding The Tin Man (1939) HD - YouTube [PAR] The Wizard of Oz (5/8) Movie CLIP - Finding The Tin Man (1939) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 26, 2011 [PAR] The Wizard of Oz movie clips: http://j.mp/1L5gtKP [PAR] BUY THE MOVIE: http://bit.ly/2cmiEyC [PAR] Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr [PAR] CLIP DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Dorothy (Judy Garland) meets The Tin Man (Jack Haley) and oils him up so he can move again, but she quickly learns that he's missing a heart. [PAR] FILM DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Not to be confused with the cinematic classic starring Judy Garland that would follow six years later, this animated short film is one of countless other celluloid adaptations of L. Frank Baum's best-loved story, The Wizard of Oz. Directed by Ted Eshbaugh, the Canadian film features no dialogue and tells the story of Dorothy, Toto, Scarecrow, and Tin Man's adventures in Oz with a mix of black & white and color animation. [PAR] CREDITS: [PAR] Cast: Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Judy Garland, Terry [PAR] Directors: George Cukor, Victor Fleming, Mervyn LeRoy, Norman Taurog, King Vidor [PAR] Producers: Mervyn LeRoy, Arthur Freed [PAR] Screenwriters: Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, Edgar Allan Woolf, L. Frank Baum, Irving Brecher, William H. Cannon, Herbert Fields, Arthur Freed, Jack Haley, E.Y. Harburg, Samuel Hoffenstein, Bert Lahr, John Lee Mahin, Herman J. Mankiewicz, Jack Mintz, Ogden Nash, Robert Pirosh, George Seaton, Sid Silvers [PAR] WHO ARE WE? [PAR] The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. Here you will find unforgettable moments, scenes and lines from all your favorite films. Made by movie fans, for movie fans. [PAR] SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MOVIE CHANNELS:[DOC] [TLE] The Tin Man (Character) - Quotes - IMDb The Tin Man (Character) - Quotes [PAR] The Tin Man (Character) [PAR] The Wizard of Oz (1939) [PAR] Cowardly Lion : All right, I'll go in there for Dorothy. Wicked Witch or no Wicked Witch, guards or no guards, I'll tear them apart. I may not come out alive, but I'm going in there. There's only one thing I want you fellows to do. [PAR] Tin Woodsman , Scarecrow : What's that? [PAR] Cowardly Lion : Talk me out of it! [PAR] Cowardly Lion : Courage! What makes a king out of a slave? Courage! What makes the flag on the mast to wave? Courage! What makes the elephant charge his tusk in the misty mist, or the dusky dusk? What makes the muskrat guard his musk? Courage! What makes the sphinx the seventh wonder? Courage! What makes the dawn come up like thunder? Courage! What makes the Hottentot so hot? What puts the \"ape\" in apricot? What have they got that I ain't got? [PAR] Cowardly Lion : You can say that again! Huh? [PAR] Dorothy : Do you suppose we'll meet any wild animals? [PAR] Tin Woodsman : Mm, we might. [PAR] Scarecrow : Animals that eat... s-traw? [PAR] Tin Woodsman : Some, but mostly lions, and tigers, and bears. [PAR] Dorothy : How about a hippopotamus? [PAR] Cowardly Lion : Why, I'd thrash him from top"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Top 5 Assassinations Of Black Leaders | News One The Top 5 Assassinations Of Black Leaders | News One [PAR] The Top 5 Assassinations Of Black Leaders [PAR] 4.93K reads [PAR] Today, political assassinations are rare inside the U.S. [PAR] During the civil rights movement, anybody who stood up for the rights of African Americans was a possible assassination target. [PAR] RELATED: The Top 5 Unsolved Hip-Hop Murders [PAR] Often times the assassinations were carried out by white supremacists, who were not convicted for their crimes due to racism in government, or even by police departments. These assassinated leaders have served as martyrs for the civil rights movement and the struggle for African people in America and abroad. [PAR] 5. Medgar Evers [PAR] Civil rights activist Medgar Evers was assassinated by Byron De La Beckwith, a member of the White Citizens Council. Evers was a World War II veteran who would become the Secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi helping to integrate the University of Mississippi. Beckwith would shoot Evers at his home in Jackson, Mississippi. It would take over 30 years after Evers\u2019 murder for Beckwith to be convicted in 1994. [PAR] 4. Fred Hampton [PAR] Fred Hampton, a leader for the Black Panther Party in Chicago, Illinois was killed in his apartment during a police raid while sleeping, unarmed in 1968. The police raid was in retaliation for a previous shoot out police had with members of the Black Panther Party that killed two policemen. The policeman who killed Hampton were acquitted in court, but members of the Black Panther Party would call it an assassination. [PAR] 3. Harry and Harriette Moore [PAR] Harry and Hariette Moore were a husband and wife team of civil rights activists and teachers who founded the NAACP in Brevard County, Florida. In 1951, the couple\u2019s house was bombed and both of them were murdered. 55 years after the bombing, the state of Florida concluded an investigation into the bombing and found that three, since deceased members of the Ku Klu Klan were responsible. [PAR] 2. Malcolm X [PAR] Malcolm X, one the the most prominent Black leaders of the 20th Century rose from prison inmate to spokesman for the Nation Of Islam. While Malcolm X would clash with the government and other Black leaders, it would be members of the Nation Of Islam who would be convicted of his killing.Years later, it would be revealed that the FBI used COINTLPRO agents to infiltrate the Nation Of Islam and cause tension between them and Malcolm; and created false letters between the Malcolm and the Nation. [PAR] 1. Martin Luther King [PAR] Martin Luther King was the face and voice of the civil rights movement. Martin would serve as a martyr for the movement after he was killed in Memphis in 1968, while supporting striking black sanitary public works employees. King would be shot while outside his hotel room in Memphis. Escaped convict, James Earl Ray would confess to killing King but would later recant his confession. While their have been allegations of a conspiracy, no charges were ever made."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Farm by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays Animal Farm by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays [PAR] Animal Farm by George Orwell [PAR] Length: 1022 words (2.9 double-spaced pages) [PAR] Rating: Excellent [PAR] Animal Farm by George Orwell [PAR] The novel Animal Farm is an allegorical novel which features Napoleon [PAR] who opens the novel as \u2018A young, rather fierce looking Berkshire Boar\u2019 [PAR] who is just and fair in his decisions. But after the revolution and [PAR] the expulsion of Mr.Jones, Napoleon becomes the leader of the farm [PAR] with a band of secret police; who has his nearest rival chased out [PAR] and, by the conclusion of the novel Napoleon\u2019s regime has become just [PAR] as bad as that of Mr.Jones\u2019. Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, the [PAR] communist leader of Russia and the novel is George Orwell\u2019s [PAR] representation of the Russian revolution with each character in the [PAR] novel representing someone from the real life Russian revolution. [PAR] A number of factors contribute to Napoleon becoming leader of Animal [PAR] Farm. After the \u2018Battle of the cowshed\u2019 Napoleon and Snowball are the [PAR] major leaders of the farm but they are unable to cooperate, this we [PAR] know because \u2018these two (Napoleon and Snowball) disagreed at every [PAR] point where disagreement was possible\u2019. This proves that they didn\u2019t [PAR] get along because they would argue whenever it was possible. Napoleon [PAR] didn\u2019t like this because he wanted to get things his own way even if [PAR] Snowball\u2019s plans were more beneficial for the farm than his. Napoleon [PAR] needed something that would get rid of his nearest rival for good; [PAR] this is where the dogs or \u2018Napoleon\u2019s secret police\u2019 come into the [PAR] novel. [PAR] Napoleon takes the \u2018nine sturdy puppies\u2019 as they are referred to, near [PAR] the end of chapter three. He tells their mother\u2019s, Jessie and Bluebell [PAR] that \u2018He will make himself responsible for their education, he took [PAR] them up into a loft room which could only be reached by a ladder from [PAR] the harness room and there he kept them in such seclusion, that the [PAR] rest of the farm soon forgot their existence\u2019. The chance to remove [PAR] Snowball arose when he began drawing up the plans for the windmill [PAR] \u2018Everyone including the chickens came to marvel at the plans\u2019, so with [PAR] no-one worrying about what he was planning, Napoleon was able to train [PAR] How to Cite this Page [PAR] MLA Citation: [PAR] the dogs to attack on his command and finally rids himself of his [PAR] nearest rival at the unveiling of Snowball\u2019s plans for the windmill [PAR] \u2018Nine enormous dogs dashed straight for Snowball\u2026\u2026he put on extra [PAR] spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole in the [PAR] hedge and was seen no more\u2019. This is the exact moment Napoleon seizes [PAR] power of Animal Farm. [PAR] After Napoleon has seized control he sets about feeding the other [PAR] animal\u2019s disinformation about Snowball being a traitor. He gets his [PAR] sickly, fat sidekick Squealer, who is extremely sycophantic towards [PAR] him, to do his dirty work. Squealer tells the other animals that \u2018The [PAR] plan which Snowball had drawn on the incubator shed floor had actually [PAR] been stolen from among Napoleon\u2019s papers\u2019. We are aware Snowball [PAR] wouldn\u2019t have done this but the animals are forced to believe that he [PAR] did steal the plans because; some of the animals are not the sharpest [PAR] Knives in the drawer and believe whatever they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Full Monty (1997) - IMDb The Full Monty (1997) [PAR] Author: mjw2305 [PAR] from England [PAR] Robert Carlyle and Mark Addy combine with a great support cast to bring one of the freshest comedies in years to the big screen. Set in Sheffield after the great 'City of Steel' Days, there are more people in the dole queue, than out at work. [PAR] Struggling for money the pair decide that if the Chippendale's can get the kit off and make a packet, then why can't they. They recruit some more strippers, all desperate for some cash, and promise the city the Full Monty. Now all they need is to learn how to dance, learn how to overcome there fear of the Full Monty and sell some tickets. [PAR] This film is a very funny view of a struggling community in what was once a thriving city. Great characters, slick and realistic dialogue and great direction, this is one of the finest British comedies ever. [PAR] 8/10[DOC] [TLE] BBC Birmingham - Stage - The Full Monty BBC Birmingham - Stage - The Full Monty [PAR] The Full Monty [PAR] Official website for the stage production. [PAR] The BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites. [PAR] FACTS [PAR] Two working titles for The Full Monty were: Eggs, Beans and Chippendales (arf arf!) and No Man's Land. Other title suggestions were Six Ugly Pigs (hmm) and Fish and Chippendales. [PAR] A Sheffield businessman made a successful compensation claim against 20th Century Fox. His business phone number was visible in a scene in the film and crank callers made his life a nightmare! [PAR] The '98 Oscars were dominated by the film The Titanic but The Full Monty earned an Oscar for Best Original Music. [PAR] PRINT THIS PAGE [PAR] View a printable version of this page. [PAR] I should have taken notice of the warning signs. The heavy traffic build-up around Hurst Street; the throng of excited crowds outside the Hippodrome; the rising crescendo of animated - and expectant - chatter in a packed auditorium and .... the largely female dominated audience. [PAR] The cast [PAR] And then the curtain went up and with it the opening announcement - \"Welcome to Ladies Night!\" The shrieking, screeching and howling began, and barely abated for the next two and half hours. I suddenly felt like an interloper at a Hen Night! [PAR] But then I should have known what to expect. After all I had seen the hugely triumphant British film version at least three or four times, so I knew what it was all about. But while the women were (largely) all eager to have their own particular curiosities satisfied, my desire was to see just how successfully the film could be transferred to the stage. I wasn't disappointed. Come to think of it, neither were the ladies! [PAR] Screen to stage [PAR] For years it's been the stage musicals that have come first with the film version following; The Full Monty is an exception - and what's more, an exceptional one! For make no mistake this is one excellent production. It sticks closely to the original storyline; it's hugely witty; combines pathos and drama and clearly has the audience on its side from the very start. In short - just like the film - it's a joyous winner. [PAR] Forget that the action is re-located from Sheffield, England to Buffalo, New York State, America - once you've quickly re-adjusted and aligned yourselves with the change of accent from Tyke to Yank, it could be anywhere in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Edward \"Screaming Lord Sutch\" Sutch (1940 - 1999 ... David Edward \"Screaming Lord Sutch\" Sutch (1940 - 1999) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] David Edward \"Screaming Lord Sutch\" Sutch [PAR] Death: [PAR] Jun. 16, 1999 [PAR] Comedian. He was born in Kilburn, North-West London. His father was a policeman who was killed in the War when the boy was ten months old. After leaving school, David worked as a plumber's mate before becoming a singer. His stage name came from his main influence, Screaming Jay Hawkins, and from the fur-lined crash helmet which he wore on stage, topped with bobbles so that it resembled a coronet. In 1968, he changed his name by deed poll to Lord David Sutch. Although he never had any hits, his antics on and off stage brought him great notoriety, and he was to record with, among others, Jimmy Page, John Bonham, Jeff Beck, Noel Redding, Ritchie Blackmore, Nicky Hopkins and Keith Moon. In 1963, he stood for Parliament as the National Teenager's Candidate in Stratford-on-Avon, following the resignation of John Profumo after the scandal with Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies. Although he gained only 209 votes, nearly all the policies he advocated - reducing the voting age to 18, commercial radio, calling for pubs to be open all day - were to become law long before his death. He was to contest 44 elections and is mentioned in the Guinness Book of Records as having stood for Parliament more times than anyone else. In the 1980's, he tried to change his name again, to Mrs. Thatcher, but was refused permission, allegedly on the grounds that it might cause confusion if he did make it to the House of Commons. He was to become Great Britain's longest serving party leader, having formed the Monster Raving Loony Party in 1983. He was never elected and, indeed, never retained his deposit. However, in May 1990 at Bootle, he received 418 votes to the Social Democratic Party's 156; following which Dr. David Owen, the leader of the S.D.P and a former Labour Foreign Secretary, retired from politics. What was not known to the general public was that Sutch suffered from depression and had been on medication for many years. This became more acute following the death of his mother in 1997. In the same year, he met a lady named Yvonne Elwood. (Sutch never married but, in 1975, had a son, Tristram, with an American model.) His last years were dogged with financial troubles, but he seemed to be more cheerful in his last weeks and was looking forward to concerts in Belgium and Las Vegas. However, in June 1999, he was found by Yvonne at his late mother's house, 10 Parkfield Road, near South Harrow Station, having hanged himself. The last entry in his diary read : \"Depression, depression, depression is all too much.\" The coroner at the inquest described Sutch as \"A comedian with tragedy in his heart. The public saw the public face, a cheery outgoing character, yet, in the privacy of his room, his true sadness emerged.\" (bio by: Iain MacFarlaine) [PAR] Cause of death: Suicide (hanging)[DOC] [TLE] Screaming Lord Sutch Page in Fuller Up, The Dead Musician ... Screaming Lord Sutch Page in Fuller Up, The Dead Musician Directory [PAR] Telegraph online (UK) [PAR] Screaming Lord Sutch [PAR] Monster Raving Loony Party candidate who offered leadership to Dr David Owen after helping him to see that the game was up for the Social Democrats [PAR] SCREAMING LORD SUTCH, [PAR] [PAR] who has died aged 58, began his career as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Popular Songs With Green In The Title at Tunecaster Popular Songs With Green In The Title at Tunecaster [PAR] Top Rock Songs With Color In The Title [PAR] Song Criteria For This Page [PAR] To be included on this popular songs list, a song with a color in the title must have received some measure of popularity since 1950, with a few very significant older songs. These are songs you know or may know, and not obscure album tracks. Of course, all the chart hits are here. If you think another song should be included, let us know. [PAR] Reduce this list of songs to include only pop and rock hits and the biggest rock classics before 1980. [PAR] Top Pop Green Songs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Question About Racetracks And The Jackets The Dogs Wear Question About Racetracks And The Jackets The Dogs Wear - Everything else Greyhound - Greytalk [PAR] Question About Racetracks And The Jackets The Dogs Wear [PAR] Started by jimsherriek , Aug 21 2012 02:13 AM [PAR] Please log in to reply [PAR] 8 replies to this topic [PAR] Posted 21 August 2012 - 02:13 AM [PAR] This question if for all the experts out there. [PAR] When it comes to the racing jackets the dogs wear in the race to identify their position in the race, does each track create their own individual jackets for the dogs to wear, or are they standard from track to track? [PAR] If they are unique to each track, can anyone identify what track this jacket came from? [PAR] Curiosity is running rampant. [PAR] [PAR] Dottie ( Rooftop Spottie); Betsy (Bee Better Now) [PAR] Missing our pups at the Bridge--Amandas Kelsey 03-15-1996 to 05-02-2008; Melissa May 07-17-1998 to 11-23-2009; Emily's Maggie 10-05-1995 to 05-20-2010; Flying Kendra 01-13-2003 to 02-28-2011; Izzy (Smile Please) 06-27-2002 to 03-28-2012: Senator (EF Rob Statesman) 04-30-2000 to 12-30-2013: Secret (Seperate Secrets) 04-10-2003 to 08-03-2014: Tugboat (Thugboat) 06-07-2007 to 07-27-2015 [PAR] Location:Keene NH [PAR] Posted 21 August 2012 - 02:19 AM [PAR] the type in your pic are snap type - Southland & Bluffs Runs use those, but so do other tracks [PAR] some tracks like Wheeling and SOKC use strectch vests [PAR] they are availible from Halemar fairly cheaply [PAR] Alarm Wilbon (Oshkosh Slammer x Valleri) , Grumpy Lumpy (Soprano Drive x Silver Faith), L Chrisblade (Flying Hydrogen x Slatex Alice) and Neka the Husky [PAR] bridge angels: [PAR] Blitzkrieg (Oshkosh Slammer x Greys Fly By) and Blaze & Ruger the St. Bernards [PAR] Gable Get Rhythm - you didnt make it home, but your still in my heart [PAR] Location:CSA Consulate, Rm. 101, Glos., UK [PAR] Posted 21 August 2012 - 07:16 AM [PAR] the colour/patterns for each number are fairly standard, some differences between the US and UK ones. the stretchy ones are fairly new, most tracks use the ones like the photo. [PAR] Greyhound racing in UK has a standard colour scheme. [PAR] Trap 1 = Red with White numeral [PAR] Trap 2 = Blue with White numeral [PAR] Trap 3 = White with Black numeral [PAR] Trap 4 = Black with White numeral [PAR] Trap 5 = Orange with Black numeral [PAR] Trap 6 = Black & White Stripes with Red numeral [PAR] A racing jacket worn by a reserve bears an additional letter 'R' prominently on each side. traps 7,8,9 no longer used. [PAR] AMERICAN GREYHOUND BLANKET COLORS[DOC] [TLE] Runner or Vacant - The Science of Greyhound Racing Prediction Runner or Vacant - The Science of Greyhound Racing Prediction [PAR] Runner or Vacant [PAR] Links [PAR] 4 - Runner or Vacant [PAR] In this section I discuss the maximum number of dogs in a race and explain the importance of the trap draw when predicting races around the world. Also mentioned are the trap colours used in the GP v2.0 Software Program. [PAR] Is this greyhound a runner? [PAR] Greyhound Predictor v2.0 lets you simulate races that include vacant traps! [PAR] This special feature allows you to take out non runners (n/r) and create your own greyhound trial sessions - raceform statistic class or grade T = trial, T2 = 2 dog trial, T3 = 3 dog trial etc, solo trial = 'solo' or 'st' in America or 'pt' or 'qt' in Australia. All combinations of a maximum 8 dogs are available! [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World War One trigger: Murder of Franz Ferdinand and the ... World War One trigger: Murder of Franz Ferdinand and the gunshots that change history | WWI | News | Daily Express [PAR] 01:52, Sat, Jun 28, 2014 [PAR] Archduke Franz Ferdinand was worried about what would happen in Sarajevo[REX] [PAR] Nineteen-year-old Gavrilo Princip wasn't expecting the royal convoy to pass his vantage point outside a delicatessen in Sarajevo's Franz Josef Strasse. After an unsuccessful bomb attack on the visiting Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie by one of Princip's nationalist comrades less than an hour earlier, the young Bosnian Serb assumed the route would have been changed. [PAR] He was right about that but nobody had thought to tell the driver. The man at the wheel only realised his mistake when a senior member of the party saw they were going the wrong way and told him to turn the open-topped car around. In doing so he stalled it, giving Princip the chance to shoot the 50-year-old heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne from just five feet away. The Archduke's wife also collapsed and at first it was assumed she had fainted. But she had been shot in the abdomen. [PAR] That double assassination, during a visit so obviously perilous that the Archduke had tried several times to cancel it, has gone down in history as the incident that triggered the First World War. [PAR] In as much as Ferdinand is remembered personally, it is as a stolid and unpopular figure with jug ears and an ornate moustache, disliked and distrusted by his uncle, the elderly emperor, and famed for his volcanic temper, meanness with money and immense appetite for hunting (he shot 274,889 animals in his lifetime). [PAR] The assassination took place three days before his 14th wedding anniversary and the treatment of the wife who died with him symbolised the stuffy out-datedness of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. [PAR] A new book by royal historians Greg King and Sue Woolmans focuses on the sacrifices Ferdinand made to marry Sophie, who was treated as a pariah by the snobbish and anachronistic Habsburg court simply because she wasn't deemed royal enough. [PAR] Born in Graz, Austria, in December 1863, Franz Ferdinand was the eldest son of Karl Ludwig, younger brother of the Emperor Franz Josef. At the age of 12 he inherited the estates and fortune of the Archduke of Austria-Este, making him hugely wealthy. [PAR] A greater change came in 1889 when his cousin, Crown Prince Rudolf, shot his mistress and himself in a suicide pact at the imperial hunting lodge at Mayerling in the Vienna woods. That made Ferdinand's father the heir to the throne. Seven years later Karl Ludwig drank polluted water from the River Jordan and died of typhoid, putting Ferdinand directly in line. [PAR] Distrusting his nephew, the Emperor declined to make him a crown prince. The fiercely traditional Franz Josef's view of his heir was not improved when the Archduke announced his intention to marry a Bohemian aristocrat called Countess Sophie Chotek. [PAR] Cosmopolitan, intelligent and vivacious, Sophie was related to the Habsburgs as well as to the Hohenzollern dynasty in Prussia and the princes of Liechtenstein. But her father had no inherited wealth and had to rely on his salary as an Austrian diplomat. [PAR] Sophie went to work as a lady-in-waiting to Princess Isabella, a Habsburg grandee who wanted Ferdinand to marry her own daughter. But when Sophie and Franz Ferdinand met at a ball in Prague in 1894 they fell in love. [PAR] When the romance was discovered Sophie was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nairobi, capital city of Kenya Nairobi, capital city of Kenya [PAR] All... [PAR] Nairobi, capital city of Kenya [PAR] Long a jumping-off point for safaris for adventurers like Ernest Hemingway and Teddy Roosevelt, Nairobi remains the first stop for travelers ready to explore East Africa's many wildlife parks. A little more than one hundred years ago, the capital was a glorified water depot for British railway workers, but it is now home to imposing public buildings, grand hotels and expats from around the world. It is the best evidence of modernity in East Africa, and many first-time visitors are surprised by the city's skyline. It is one of Africa's largest capitals, and although some early architecture remains, most of the city is marked by modern office towers. Even with the relatively new influx of Western culture and business, the city still retains much of its charm. Hotels recall the elegance of times gone by, brilliant bougainvillea line the streets and the horizon bursts with lavender colors as the jacaranda blossoms. [PAR] The Nairobi National Museum is a good introduction to the history of both the capital and Kenya overall. Exhibits include fascinating reproductions of rock art and Richard and Mary Leakey's important archaeological discoveries. In the 1960s, the couple discovered the remains of early human ancestors at Lake Turkana, and their findings pointed to the Rift Valley as the likely Cradle of Humankind. The museum also showcases beautiful paintings by Joy Adamson and an intriguing collection of the country's colorful butterflies and birds. Visitors can even take guided bird walks from the museum, led by the knowledgable experts of the Kenya Museum Society. [PAR] Karen Blixen, author of \u00ecOut of Africa,\u00ee made Nairobi her home from 1913 to 1931. Visitors today can visit the grand estate, where she once hosted lavish dinner parties for British royalty and carried on a passionate relationship with famous aviator Denys Finch Hatton. Exhibits include some of Blixen's treasured belongings and even some of the farm machinery that once cultivated the surrounding land for tea and coffee. More of her furniture and personal effects can be viewed at Nairobi's McMillan Library, and the estate offers magnificent views of the nearby hills, covered with euphorbia, also known as the candelabra cactus. [PAR] Another must-see sight in the capital is the Railway Museum, developed to preserve the records and relics of the area's harbors and railways. Children of all ages will especially enjoy the displays, and visitors can see Teddy Roosevelt's original rhino catcher from his 1908 safari and the carriage owned by Charles Ryall, an English railway man who was dragged out of the carriage window by a hungry lion. Other exhibits include rare posters and photos and silver service from the days of Nairobi's elegant overnight trains. Visit on the second Saturday of the month to take a ride on an authentic steam train. [PAR] Get in touch with Nairobi's wild side at the David Sheldrick Orphanage for Rhinos and Elephants. There, you can watch baby elephants bathe and play before they mature enough to be reintroduced to the wild. The experience is incredibly heartwarming and definitely a must-do while in the capital. [PAR] Immerse yourself in local life at the City Market, a vast jumble of activity, color and noise. Housed in a 1930s aircraft hangar, the market is loaded with stalls selling everything from traditional fabrics to exotic meats. Haggling is expected, so do not be shy about bargaining for the best price. [PAR] Nairobi Geographical Location [PAR] Nairobi is located in the southwest of Kenya adjacent to the east edge"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam - Cambodia - Mekong ... Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam - Cambodia - Mekong River Cruise [PAR] Most meals: 14 breakfasts, 7 lunches & 13 dinners [PAR] day-to-day itinerary [PAR] Day #1 [PAR] Hanoi [PAR] Fly to Hanoi, former capital of French Indochina, then transfer to your hotel.* Check in for a 2-night stay, then relax or take a walk to stretch your legs and begin getting acquainted with the city. [PAR] Day #2 [PAR] Hanoi [PAR] After breakfast, take a tour of this unique, thousand-year-old Asian capital where old and new combine in a lush setting of parks and lakes. Visit the Museum of Ethnology which includes a number of fascinating exhibits that bring Vietnam\u2019s history and astonishingly diverse culture to life. Then tour the notorious \u201cHanoi Hilton,\u201d a facility where American POWs were held captive during the Vietnam War. [PAR] In the afternoon, visit Hanoi\u2019s Temple of Literature. Founded in 1070 as Vietnam\u2019s first university, this mazelike compound features inviting courtyards, gateways, pavilions, walkways, lakes and a museum. Continue on to the One Pillar Pagoda, an 11th-century monument that was rebuilt after being destroyed by the French in 1954. En route, pass some colonial landmarks such as the magnificent Opera House and St. Joseph\u2019s Cathedral. Relax this afternoon before dinner at a local restaurant. (B, D) [PAR] Day #3 [PAR] Hanoi & Siem Reap [PAR] In the morning, take a leisurely ride through Hanoi\u2019s Old Quarter by \u201cgreen\u201d electric car. Enjoy some free time before your short afternoon flight to Siem Reap in Cambodia. Check in to your hotel for a 3-night stay; tonight\u2019s dinner is accompanied by a traditional Apsara dance show. (B, D) [PAR] Day #4 [PAR] Angkor Wat & Siem Reap [PAR] Siem Reap is the gateway to Angkor, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important archeological sites in the world. Begin your day with a visit to one of Angkor\u2019s largest Khmer temples, Angkor Wat, built for King Suryavarman II in the 12th century A.D. With its beautiful proportions and extensive, intricate bas-relief stone carvings, it is one of the most spectacular sights in Southeast Asia. Spend some time exploring the fortified city of Angkor Thom, which houses several of Angkor\u2019s most popular sights such as the Terrace of the Elephants and the Terrace of the Leper Kings with their dramatic bas reliefs. [PAR] Today you also visit the mysterious Bayon Temple, known for its giant, stone carved faces with their enigmatic smiles. Dine at a local restaurant and relax this evening. (B, D) [PAR] Day #5 [PAR] Angkor & Siem Reap [PAR] Today, ride to the spectacular 10th-century Hindu temple Banteay Srey (\u201cCitadel of Women\u201d) to see magnificent carvings of Shiva and Vishnu. Then, journey to Ta Prohm, one of the most popular of the temples of Angkor. Unlike many other buildings, it has been largely left intact as it was when discovered, with trees and large shrubs growing over the ruins. [PAR] Return to Siem Reap this afternoon and learn how local crafts are alive and well in the modern-day city. Visit a vocational center that trains 650 young apprentices every year in the traditional crafts of stone sculpture, wood carving and painting; then mingle with the locals at some of Siem Reap\u2019s open air markets or just relax before your final dinner in Siem Reap. (B, D) [PAR] Day #6 [PAR] Kampong Thom & Kampong Cham [PAR] After breakfast, visit a local village supported by Viking River Cruises and spend time with children at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital Cities of Canada - Canada News on About Capital Cities of Canada [PAR] Capital Cities of Canada [PAR] Toronto, Halifax and Yellowknife are among Canada's provincial capitals [PAR] Ottawa Parkway Heading Downtown. Dennis McColeman / Photographer's Choice / Getty Images [PAR] By Susan Munroe [PAR] Updated October 18, 2016. [PAR] Canada has 10 provinces and three territories, each of which has its own capital. From Charlottetown and Halifax in the east to Toronto and Winnipeg in the center, to Yellowknife in the north and Victoria in the west, each of Canada\u2019s capital cities has its own unique identity. [PAR] The nation's capital is Ottawa, which was incorporated in 1855 and gets its name from the Algonquin word for trade. Ottawa's archaeological sites point to an indigenous population that lived there for centuries before Europeans discovered the area. Between the 17th century and 19th century, the Ottawa River was the primary route for the Montreal fur trade. By 1830, Ottawa was a major supplier of timber to Britain, and the Grand Trunk Railway secured the city's status as the country's capital. [PAR] Ottawa is home to a number of post-secondary, research and cultural institutions, including the National Arts Centre and the National Gallery. [PAR] Read on for more about the capital cities of Canada's provinces and territories. [PAR] Edmonton, Alberta [PAR] Edmonton , on the North Saskatchewan River, is the northernmost of Canada\u2019s large cities and is frequently referred to as the Gateway to the North, due to its road, rail, and air transportation links. [PAR] Indigenous people inhabited Edmonton area for centuries before Europeans arrived. It\u2019s believed that one of the first Europeans to explore the area was Anthony Henday, who visited in 1754 on behalf of the Hudson\u2019s Bay Company. Henday sought to establish fur trading with Edmonton\u2019s indigenous people. Fort Edmonton, named for Edmonton, London in England, was established in 1795 along the river\u2019s northern banks. [PAR] The Canadian Pacific Railway, which arrived in Edmonton in 1885, was a boon for the local economy, bringing new arrivals from Canada, the United States, and Europe to the area. Edmonton was incorporated as a town in 1892, and later as a city in 1904. It became the capital of the newly-formed province of Alberta a year later. [PAR] Modern-day Edmonton has evolved into a city with a wide range of cultural, sporting and tourist attractions, and is the host of more than two dozen festivals each year. Most of Edmonton's population works in the service and trade industries as well as in the municipal, provincial and federal governments. [PAR] Victoria, British Columbia [PAR] Named after the English queen, Victoria is the capital city of the province of British Columbia. Victoria is a gateway to the Pacific Rim, is close to American markets, and has many sea and air links that make it a business hub. With the mildest climate in Canada, Victoria is known for its gardens and has a large retiree population. Its metropolitan area is the 15th largest in Canada. [PAR] Before Europeans arrived in western Canada in the 1700s, Victoria was inhabited by indigenous Coastal Salish people and the native Songhees, who still have a large presence in the area. Juan Perez of Spain visited in 1774, and James Cook of England arrived in 1778. [PAR] Fort Victoria was established by Hudson\u2019s Bay trader James Douglas in 1841, although it was known as Fort Albert until 1843. Douglas became the first governor of British Columbia in 1858. [PAR] Victoria became the capital of British Columbia when the province joined the Canadian Confederation in 1871."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bon Scott Biography - Famous People Bon Scott Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [PAR] Musicians [PAR] Bon Scott Biography [PAR] Bon Scott was a rock musician famous for serving as the lead singer and lyricist of the hard rock band AC/DC. This biography of Bon Scott provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline. [PAR] Quick Facts [PAR] John Curtin College of the Arts [PAR] Image Credit http://www.3news.co.nz/entertainment/acdc-fans-launch-kickstarter-campaign-for-bon-scott-statue-2013051513#axzz3aYcLZ4zM [PAR] Ronald Belford \u00e2\u0080\u009cBon\u00e2\u0080\u009d Scott was an Australian musician of Scottish origins who rose to fame as the leading singer and songwriter of the hugely popular hard rock band AC/DC during the 1970s. He loved music from a young age and was a highly creative and rebellious youngster. As is common with unruly teenagers, he often found himself in trouble with the authorities. He dropped out of school at 15 and had brushes with the law which had him sent to the Riverbank Juvenile Institution. Labeled as a social misfit, he was denied a position in the Australian army. He worked at several odd jobs to support himself after leaving school. He started playing drums during his adolescent years and formed his first band The Spektors, in 1964. He played for some other bands as well before joining AC/DC as their lead singer. The band\u00e2\u0080\u0099s popularity reached new heights after Scott joined them; the band\u00e2\u0080\u0099s debut album \u00e2\u0080\u0098High Voltage\u00e2\u0080\u0099 was a big hit. Within a year the band brought out the single, \u00e2\u0080\u0098It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)\u00e2\u0080\u0099 which soon became known as the quintessential rock anthem. However the promising young musician soon got caught up in the shackles of alcoholism which put an abrupt full stop on his career by snuffing out his life. [PAR] Childhood & Early Life [PAR] He was the son of Charles Belford Scott and his wife Isabelle Cunningham. He was born in Scotland though the family later migrated to Australia. [PAR] He attended North Fremantle Primary School and went to the John Curtin College of Arts. He was however never interested in studies much and dropped out when he was 15. He had learned to play the drums as a member of the Fremantle Scots Pipe Band. [PAR] He had a record as a troublemaker\u00e2\u0080\u0094he spent time in Fremantle Prison\u00e2\u0080\u0099s assessment centre and was committed to the Riverbank Juvenile Institution for nine months on charges of theft and sexual misconduct. [PAR] Career [PAR] He worked at a number of odd jobs such as a postman, bartender and truck packer for sometime. He formed his first band, The Spektors, in 1966 in which he played the drums and sang occasionally. [PAR] The Spektors merged with another band, the Winstons to form a new band The Valentines in 1967. The new band was doing well and recorded several songs before a drug scandal erupted that tarnished the reputation of the band causing it to break up in 1970. [PAR] He joined the rock band Fraternity in 1970. The band played at the Festival of Australian Progressive Music in 1971 and released the LPs \u00e2\u0080\u0098Livestock\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and \u00e2\u0080\u0098Flaming Galah\u00e2\u0080\u0099. [PAR] The band went on a tour of the U.K. in 1973 and played there under the name \u00e2\u0080\u0098Fang\u00e2\u0080\u0099. However the band went on a hiatus after returning to Australia. [PAR] He got involved in a serious motorbike accident in 1974 which left him in a coma for three days. His friend Vince Lovegrove helped him by giving him odd jobs during his recovery. He also introduced the struggling musician to the band AC/DC who were looking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Day John Lennon Married Yoko Ono - Ultimate Classic Rock The Day John Lennon Married Yoko Ono [PAR] The Day John Lennon Married Yoko Ono [PAR] By Dave Swanson March 20, 2015 8:54 AM [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Simpson / Hulton Archive, Getty Images [PAR] On March 20, 1969, John Lennon married Yoko Ono . The two met in November 1966 as she was preparing to open an art exhibit called Unfinished Paintings and Objects, which was held at the Indica Gallery, located in the basement of the Indica Bookshop in London. (Coincidentally, one of the shop\u2019s earliest supporters was Paul McCartney .) [PAR] At the time, Lennon was still married to his first wife, Cynthia. The two were wed in August 1962 and had one child together, Julian. After years of putting up with her husband\u2019s infidelity, Cynthia filed for divorce in August 1968. In the meantime, John and Yoko had already become a couple and, once the divorce was final that November, plans were made to be married. The two had originally hoped to to hold their nuptials in Paris, or more specifically, on the way to Paris. [PAR] \u201cWe wanted to get married on a cross-channel ferry \u2013 that was the romantic part,\u201d Lennon said in the Beatles \u2018 Anthology documentary. \u201cWe went to Southampton and then we couldn\u2019t get on because she wasn\u2019t English, and she couldn\u2019t get the day visa to go across. They said, \u2018Anyway, you can\u2019t get married. The Captain\u2019s not allowed to do it any more.'\u201d [PAR] Lennon later crafted an autobiographical Beatles song titled \u201cThe Ballad of John and Yoko\u201d that laid out the rest of their journey: \u201cFinally made the plane into Paris, honeymooning down by the Seine. [Apple assistant] Peter Brown called to say, you can make it okay; you can get married in Gibraltar near Spain.\u201d The couple arrived at the British Consulate Office there, and they were married in a 10-minute ceremony performed by registrar Cecil Wheeler. Since Gibraltar was a British colony, and Lennon a British citizen, there was no issue. [PAR] \u201cWe went there and it was beautiful,\u201d Lennon said. \u201cIt\u2019s the \u2018Pillar of Hercules,\u2019 and also symbolically they called it the \u2018End of the World\u2019 at one period. They thought the world outside was a mystery from there, so it was like the Gateway to the World. So, we liked it in the symbolic sense, and the rock foundation of our relationship.\u201d [PAR] Their wedding, which took place just one week after that of fellow Beatle McCartney to Linda Eastman, would be followed by a honeymoon which wasn\u2019t be anywhere near as low key. Instead, Lennon and Ono staged a raucous \u201cBed-In\u201d for peace for the week of March 25-31 at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel, surrounded by the press and various hangers on. [PAR] \u201cWe decided that if we were going to do anything like get married that we would dedicate it to peace,\u201d Lennon told Rolling Stone in 1971. \u201cAnd during that period, because we are what we are, it evolved that somehow we ended up being responsible to produce peace.\u201d [PAR] The Top 100 Rock Albums of the \u201970s [PAR] Image of[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles - Biography - IMDb The Beatles - Biography - IMDb [PAR] The Beatles [PAR] Jump to: Overview (1) | Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (40) [PAR] Overview (1) [PAR] The Fab Four [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The Beatles were an English rock band that became arguably the most successful act of the 20th century. They contributed to music, film, literature, art, and fashion, made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Police Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock Top 10 Police Songs [PAR] Top 10 Police Songs [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Martyn Goddard, Getty Images [PAR] Fans looking for a handy compendium of the Police \u2018s top songs could do worse than picking up a copy of their 1986 compilation, \u2018Every Breath You Take: The Singles\u2019 \u2014 in fact, a majority of the tracks on this Top 10 list appear on that album. But the British trio were more than just a collection of hits, of course, and to get a better overall picture of the Police, one must dig a little deeper than the five-times-platinum seller. With that in mind, we offer you our picks for the Top 10 Police Songs. [PAR] 10 [PAR] From: \u2018Outlandos d\u2019Amour\u2019 (1978) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The influence of reggae on the Police is pretty apparent to even casual fans, but few of the band\u2019s song are as overtly connected to the genre as \u2018So Lonely,\u2019 which singer-bassist Sting admits was based on a Bob Marley classic \u2014 with a little punk thrown in for good measure. \u201cLet\u2019s be honest here, \u2018So Lonely\u2019 was unabashedly culled from \u2018No Woman No Cry\u2019 by Bob Marley,\u201d he told Revolver . \u201cSame chorus. What we invented was this thing of going back and forth between thrash punk and reggae. That was the little niche we created for ourselves.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Police\u2019s 1983 swan song \u2018Synchronicity\u2019 is the disc that made the band global superstars \u2014 it was their only album to top the charts in the US, where it eventually went eight-times platinum \u2014 and \u2018Wrapped Around\u2019 was its second of no less than five hit singles. Supposedly about the dissolution of a doomed marriage, the tune meshes dark-edged New Wave and reggae flourishes to create a moody pop masterpiece. [PAR] \u2018Can\u2019t Stand Losing You\u2019 [PAR] From: \u2018Outlandos d\u2019Amour\u2019 (1978) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The second single off the Police\u2019s first album, this catchy number nearly topped the UK singles chart \u2014 despite the controversy that surrounded the cover art. The BBC \u201chad a problem with [the cover] because the photo on the cover of the single had Stewart standing on a block of ice with a noose around his neck, waiting for the ice to melt,\u201d explained Sting, although he failed to mention that the song is indeed about suicide. [PAR] From: \u2018Ghost in the Machine\u2019 (1981) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \u2018Invisible Sun\u2019 found the Police exploring another rather dark realm, both in sound (thanks to the haunting synthesizer loop that runs through the track) and in the content of the lyrics, which make a veiled reference to the Provisional Irish Republican Army. The accompanying video, which featured clips taken from the conflict in Northern Ireland, was also banned by the BBC. [PAR] From: \u2018Reggatta de Blanc\u2019 (1979) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] It may come across as rather lightweight in tone \u2014 its lyrics, about a lonely island castaway who one day is surprised with \u201ca hundred billion bottles washed up on the shore\u201d after a year of despair over his unanswered message in a bottle \u2014 but something about \u2018Message in a Bottle\u2019 certainly struck a chord with fans, who helped make the tune the Police\u2019s first No. 1 hit in the UK. It\u2019s also Sting\u2019s personal favorite, he told BBC presenter Jools Holland. [PAR] \u2018Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic\u2019 [PAR] From: \u2018Ghost in the Machine\u2019 (1981) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \u2018Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic\u2019 is a key step in the evolution of the Police. The choppy reggae guitars and ire-inflected"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna's Official Number One Singles' Sales Revealed! Madonna\u2019s Official Number One Singles' Sales Revealed! [PAR] 07 February 2014 [PAR] Madonna\u2019s Official Number One Singles' Sales Revealed! [PAR] It\u2019s an incredible 30 years since the undisputed Queen of Pop had her very first Top 10 hit with Holiday. To celebrate, we count down her 13 Number 1s and reveal the biggest selling of them all\u2026 [PAR] Google + [PAR] It\u2019s an incredible 30 years since the undisputed Queen of Pop had her very first Top 10 hit with Holiday. To celebrate Madonna\u2019s three decades of Official Charts supremacy, we count down her 13 Number 1s and reveal the biggest selling of them all\u2026 [PAR] 13. Sorry (2006) [PAR] To kick things off, it\u2019s one of Madonna\u2019s most recent chart-toppers. The second single to be released from Madge\u2019s big return to the disco album Confessions On A Dance Floor, Sorry was something of a surprise Number 1 for her. The video was Madonna in full kitsch mode \u2013 first driving around in her own version of the Vengabus (possibly) before rollerskating dressed like a kind of disco astronaut. It was catchy, it was energetic and it was a worthy chart-topper [PAR] WHO DID IT BEAT? Corinne Bailey Rae\u2019s Put Your Records On had to settle for Number 2. [PAR] CHART FACT: It was the first time she\u2019d had two consecutive Number 1s in five years. [PAR] SALES: 200,000 [PAR] 12. Who\u2019s That Girl (1987) [PAR] A product of Madonna\u2019s movie ambitions \u2013 with some success \u2013 Who\u2019s That Girl was the first of three tracks released from the soundtrack of the movie of the same name. After a whole campaign with blond hair, brunette Madonna was back and up to her usual tricks, dancing about and \u2018causing a commotion\u2019 in between clips from the movie. Critics had their knives out for the movie, in which Madonna played a kooky ex-con with sticky fingers but a heart of gold, but Madge just about pulls it off. As lead singles go, it may not be up there with Madonna\u2019s finest, but it has a certain charm. [PAR] WHO DID IT BEAT? Madonna knocked Pet Shop Boys\u2019 It\u2019s A Sin off the top. Almost 20 years later, they would remix Sorry for its single release. So no hard feelings, then. That's good. [PAR] CHART FACT: Who\u2019s That Girl was Madonna\u2019s second chart-topper to spend just one week at Number 1. [PAR] SALES: 350,000 [PAR] 11. American Pie (2000) [PAR] A long, long time ago\u2026 well, 1972 to be exact, Don McLean had a hit with the classic American Pie, which was so long it took up two sides of a 7\u201d single (ask your mum). Madonna, for reasons that are unclear, decided to cover the song, but to make it all fit nicely onto one CD (ask your older sister) she edited the track considerably. Then-collaborator William Orbit added his signature swooshes and even Rupert Everett, Madonna\u2019s co-star from movie The Next Best Thing, popped in to lay down some backing vocals and appear in the video. [PAR] WHO DID IT BEAT? American Pie knocked All Saints\u2019 Pure Shores \u2013 another William Orbit production \u2013 off the top spot and left N Sync settling for Number 3 with Bye Bye Bye. Madonna would later go on to team up with N Sync's Justin Timberlake on another Number 1\u2026 [PAR] CHART FACT: Don McLean\u2019s version only got to Number 2. [PAR] SALES: 390,000 [PAR] 10. La Isla Bonita (1987) [PAR] Just before Who\u2019s That Girl came La Isla Bonita, a song which, legend has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sledge, Sister \u2013 FREE Sledge, Sister information ... Sledge, Sister - Dictionary definition of Sledge, Sister | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary [PAR] Sledge, Sister [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale, a part of Cengage Learning [PAR] Sister Sledge [PAR] Sources [PAR] The disco era of American music, which hit its peak in the late 1970s, would not have been the same without the energetic grooves performed by Sister Sledge. Their 1979 hits \u201cHe\u2019s the Greatest Dancer\u201d and \u201cWe Are Family\u201d inspired dancers in the club scene around the world. The infectious chorus of \u201cWe Are Family\u201d was adopted by the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team in their 1979 World Series championship season. Over time, the song has become the anthem for several causes, including gay rights and as a call for tolerance after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States . [PAR] Four sisters make up the group Sister Sledge. Debbie, Joni, Kathy, and Kim Sledge were all born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . Their father and mother met in New York where both were pursuing careers in entertainment. Edwin Sledge, a renowned tap dancer, made entertainment history by being the first African American to perform on Broadway . Florez Williams acted and danced until she took on the full responsibility of raising her daughters. Their grandmother, Viola Williams, was a lyric opera performer who taught the girls basic vocal techniques. As young children, Debbie, Joni, Kathy, Kim, and their sister Carol performed as Mrs. Williams\u2019 Grandchildren. Appearing throughout Philadelphia, the girls sang for charities, churches, and other events under their grandmother\u2019s guidance. One of their primary performance venues was the church they attended, Williams Temple Christian Methodist Episcopal (CME). [PAR] In 1971, as the Sisters Sledge, they recorded their first single, \u201cTime Will Tell,\u201d on a local label named Money Back. They changed their name to Sister Sledge not long afterward and began recording for various Atlantic Records labels. Much of their early work with Atlantic involved singing background vocals. Then in 1974 they released their first album, Circle of Love. A single from that album, \u201cLove, Don\u2019t You Go through No Changes On Me,\u201d reached number 31 on the R&B charts. The album was wildly popular in Japan , and in 1975, Sister Sledge was invited to the International Tokyo Music Festival, where they won the Silver Prize. Their second album, Together, released in 1977, produced single that made it to number 61 on the R&B charts, called \u201cBlockbuster Boy.\u201d [PAR] By the end of the 1970s, the sisters had begun to question their devotion to the music industry. Despite years of experience, their future seemed uncertain. Carol had already decided to leave her singing career to pursue teaching. The four remaining sisters promised themselves that if they did not make it really big in the next year that they would disband and go their separate ways. As fate would have it, Sister Sledge became the pet project of producers Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards, the team that had worked with the group Chic to produce the popular dance hit \u201cLe Freak.\u201d [PAR] Rodgers and Edwards\u2019 production skills, combined with the vocal talents of Sister Sledge, led to the 1979 breakthrough album We Are Family. The first single from the album, \u201cHe\u2019s The Greatest Dancer,\u201d went to number one on the R&B charts. The second single, \u201cWe Are Family,\u201d not only hit number one on the R&B charts, but broke through to reach number two on the pop charts as well. Willie Stargel of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team chose the song as his team\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup Golden Boot Winners - Historical World Cup Top ... World Cup Golden Boot Winners - Historical World Cup Top Scorers [PAR] Argentina [PAR] 5 [PAR] One of the most active markets for any World Cup is the Golden Boot with a number of players vying for an award which is presented to the highest goal scorer in the tournament. Over the years, there have been some incredible goal scoring feats at World Cup finals but who are the individuals that have made their mark in previous tournaments and what indicators can they give those of us who are making predictions for 2014? [PAR] The Record Breaker [PAR] France\u2019s Just Fontaine holds the record for the most goals in a single World Cup tournament and it\u2019s one that may never be broken. In current World Cup competitions, the most successful teams could play as many as seven games but could any of the current players match the 13 strikes that Fontaine achieved in Sweden in 1958? [PAR] The striker was prolific in club football and averaged nearly a goal a game during his eight years with Stade Reims. His ratio at international level was even better and his performances at the 1958 finals would leave Fontaine with a record of 30 goals from 23 appearances. [PAR] It\u2019s claimed that he was playing in a pair of borrowed boots when he began his campaign with a hat trick in a 7-3 defeat of Uruguay. The Frenchman followed that achievement with a brace against Yugoslavia and a single, winning goal against the Scots which allowed his country to progress to the next phase. [PAR] Three goals followed over two matches against Northern Ireland and Brazil before Fontaine netted no less than four times in the third place play off against West Germany. [PAR] Behind this incredible achievement, Sandor Kocsis managed eleven strikes in the finals of 1954 but since Gerd Muller\u2019s 10 in 1970, no player has managed more than eight in a single tournament. [PAR] The Prolific Nations [PAR] Aside from Just Fontaine\u2019s magnificent 13 back in 1958, no Frenchman has taken the Golden Boot award. In fact, after the Stade Reims centre forward, there is a considerable gap in the country\u2019s all time list. The finals in Sweden were the only time that Fontaine appeared in a tournament so he finished seven clear of Thierry Henry who scored six goals \u2013 three in 1998 and three in 2002. [PAR] Other countries have been more prolific over a longer span and they tend to be the more successful nations in terms of World Cup victories. Brazil are well represented when it comes to the tournament\u2019s leading goal scorers and out of eighteen finals, five Brazilians have either shared the Golden Boot or won it outright. [PAR] The most successful of these was Ronaldo who currently holds the overall record for goals scored at the World Cup finals. The former Real Madrid target man has 15 strikes, spread over three tournaments, including a top scoring effort of eight as his country lifted the trophy in 2002. [PAR] Behind Ronaldo, the legendary Pele has 12 goals in four tournaments although the man who many believe was the greatest to ever play the game, never actually won a Golden Boot. [PAR] Germany also feature heavily in the list of all time leading scorers and Miroslav Klose has a chance of eclipsing Ronaldo\u2019s record at the 2014 tournament. Along with the great Gerd Muller , the Lazio centre forward has 14 goals in World Cup finals and is set to be Germany\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronnie O'Sullivan Best Snooker Shots NEW 2013 - YouTube Ronnie O'Sullivan Best Snooker Shots NEW 2013 - YouTube [PAR] Ronnie O'Sullivan Best Snooker Shots NEW 2013 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 16, 2013 [PAR] Download Now for Free from Google Play: [PAR] https://play.google.com/store/apps/de... . [PAR] Ronnie O'Sullivan Best Snooker Shots [PAR] Ronald Antonio \"Ronnie\" O'Sullivan (born 5 December 1975) is an English professional snooker player known for his rapid playing style, and is nicknamed \"The Rocket\". He is the reigning World Snooker Champion and has been World Champion on four occasions (2001, 2004, 2008 and 2012) and, with career earnings of over \u00a36 million is second, after Stephen Hendry, on snooker's all-time prize-money list. He has been the world's no. 1 player on five occasions, and has won a total of 24 ranking titles. [PAR] O'Sullivan's achievements also include four Masters and four UK Championship titles. He also won the Nations Cup with England in 2000. He is second, again behind Hendry, on the list of players making the most competitive century breaks, with a total of 678.O'Sullivan has compiled 11 maximum breaks in professional competition, a record which he shares with Hendry. He also holds the record for the fastest maximum break at 5 minutes 20 seconds, which he compiled at the 1997 World Championship. [PAR] He is considered by many to be the most naturally talented player in the history of the sport, with some labelling him a 'genius'. Several of his peers regard him as the greatest player ever, although a temperamental streak sometimes leads to a lack of confidence or interest, and he has performed inconsistently throughout his controversial career thus far, with observers noting the 'two Ronnies' aspect of his character. According to Stephen Hendry after his defeat at the 2008 World Championship, \"O'Sullivan is the best player in the world by a country mile\". [PAR] O'Sullivan is one of the most popular players on the circuit and is noted for being a 'showman'. He is perhaps the biggest draw in the game today, and has helped improve the image of snooker to the general public. O'Sullivan himself has stated his desire for entertaining the watching public, and has said that slow, gritty games put viewers off. He has often been compared to Alex Higgins and Jimmy White, because of both his natural talent and popularity. O'Sullivan has compiled 678 competitive centuries during his career, second only to Hendry. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gridiron - definition of gridiron by The Free Dictionary Gridiron - definition of gridiron by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Gridiron - definition of gridiron by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gridiron [PAR] a. The field of play. [PAR] b. The game itself. [PAR] 2. A metal structure high above the stage of a theater, from which ropes or cables are strung to scenery and lights. [PAR] 3. [PAR] a. A flat framework of parallel metal bars used for broiling meat or fish. [PAR] b. An object resembling such a framework. [PAR] [Middle English gridirne, lattice, grill, alteration (influenced by iren, irne, iron) of gridere, alteration of gridel; see griddle.] [PAR] gridiron [PAR] 1. (Cookery) a utensil of parallel metal bars, used to grill meat, fish, etc [PAR] 2. any framework resembling this utensil [PAR] 3. (Theatre) a framework above the stage in a theatre from which suspended scenery, lights, etc, are manipulated [PAR] 4. (American Football) [PAR] a. the field of play in American football [PAR] b. an informal name for American football [PAR] c. (as modifier): a gridiron hero. [PAR] Often shortened to: grid [PAR] [C13 gredire, perhaps variant (through influence of ire iron) of gredile griddle] [PAR] grid\u2022i\u2022ron [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. a football field. [PAR] 2. a utensil consisting of parallel metal bars on which to broil meat or other food. [PAR] 3. any framework or network resembling a gridiron. [PAR] 4. a structure above the stage of a theater, from which scenery and the like are manipulated. [PAR] 6. to mark off into squares. [PAR] [1250\u20131300; Middle English gridirne, gridir(e), gridere, alter. of gridel griddle ] [PAR] gridiron [PAR] The football field, marked with white lines. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] cooking utensil , cookware - a kitchen utensil made of material that does not melt easily; used for cooking [PAR] 2. [PAR] football field [PAR] football stadium - a stadium where football games are held [PAR] athletic field , playing area , playing field , field - a piece of land prepared for playing a game; \"the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field\" [PAR] Translations [PAR] 2. (US) (Sport) \u2192 campo m de f\u00fatbol (americano) [PAR] gridiron [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] View in context [PAR] She watched the fish with as much tender care and minuteness of attention as if,--we know not how to express it otherwise,--as if her own heart were on the gridiron, and her immortal happiness were involved in its being done precisely to a turn! [PAR] View in context [PAR] Only I thought you had struck out a new idea, and invented a scheme that was going to revolutionize the timeworn and ineffectual methods of the--\" He stopped, and turned to Blake, who was happy now that another had taken his place on the gridiron. [PAR] View in context [PAR] Or even,\" said he, \"if you was helped to knocking her up a new chain for the front door - or say a gross or two of shark-headed screws for general use - or some light fancy article, such as a toasting-fork when she took her muffins - or a gridiron when she took a sprat or such like--\"[DOC] [TLE] Football For Dummies (USA Edition) Cheat Sheet - For Dummies Football For Dummies (USA Edition) Cheat Sheet - dummies [PAR] Football For Dummies (USA Edition) Cheat Sheet [PAR] Football For Dummies (USA Edition) Cheat Sheet [PAR] Cheat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve Backley OBE | Coporate Speaking, Athletics Steve Backley OBE | Coporate Speaking, Athletics [PAR] Sydney 2000 [PAR] [PAR] Steve turned to the javelin after initially starting out in athletics as a cross-country and middle distance runner. 25 years later he's the four times European javelin champion and has won the Commonwealth Games three times. Steve is the first British athlete to have medalled at three consecutive Olympic Games. He has made the world top 10 every year since 1989 and on three occasions has been world number one. [PAR] Career History [PAR] [PAR] 1987: Steve started his championship career well by winning the European junior champs in front of a home crowd in Birmingham [PAR] 1988: Backley set a world junior record of 79.50, but was beaten by the capable Russian, Victor Ovchinikov in the World junior championships in Canada. [PAR] [PAR] 1989: Bursts onto the senior scene with wins at both the World and European Cup after winning the World Student Games. He also won the Grand prix final, finishing 2 nd overall to Said Ouita. [PAR] [PAR] 1990: A dream summer for Steve starts with a world record of 89.58m in Stockholm and then surpassed 90m for another world record with a throw of 90.98m at his home ground, Crystal Palace , beating his arch rival Jan Zelezny. He grabbed his first major championship golds with wins at both the European Championships and the Commonwealth Games. To round it off he was awarded the IAAF athlete of the year in Monaco. [PAR] [PAR] 1991: Injury interrupted the positive momentum of the past 4 years and despite a disappointing world championships in Tokyo, Steve managed to salvage the season with a new British and Commonwealth record (91.36m) in front of an appreciative crowd in Sheffield [PAR] [PAR] 1992: Following the ban of the Nemeth javelin Backley again sets the world standard with a huge 91.46m world record throw in New Zealand. Takes the bronze medal at the Barcelona Olympics. [PAR] [PAR] 1993: More injuries made it difficult for Steve to maintain the domination he had achieved over the past 4 years, a disappointing 4th place in the world championships and the upsurge of the already huge rival Jan Zelezny meant Steve had his work cut out. [PAR] [PAR] 1994: Steve began to build his form and against all odds beat the relatively unrivalled Zelezny, as well as Finland 's Seppo Raty, in the Olympic stadium in Helsinki- the home of javelin throwing. He backed this up with wins at the Commonwealth games and World cup to cap off one of his most successful summers. [PAR] [PAR] 1995: Despite Steve beating the best in the world at the London grand prix; Zelezny, with one of his most successful summers proved too much for Steve who was beaten into second place in the World championships in Sweden . [PAR] [PAR] 1996: Takes Olympic silver just three months after an operation on his Achilles. Steve was awarded the MBE for his services to sport [PAR] [PAR] 1997: Follows this up with another silver medal at the 1997 World Championships. Steve decided to join his arch rival Zelezny's training group at the end of the summer and train alongside him under the guidance of his coach Jan Pospisil. This proved to be a successful move. [PAR] [PAR] 1998: Having performed well at the 3 championships in the 3 previous years and 'only' to take silver medals at each games', it was time for Steve to return to winning ways. He successfully defended his European title but was surprisingly beaten into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Solheim Cup 2015: USA roar back to win after bitter row on ... Solheim Cup 2015: USA roar back to win after bitter row on 17th green | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Solheim Cup 2015: USA roar back to win after bitter row on 17th green [PAR] \u2022 Players in tears after argument over whether USA putt was conceded [PAR] \u2022 USA win 14-1/2 to 13-1/2 after argument centred on Suzann Pettersen [PAR] Team USA celebrates after winning the Solheim Cup back from their European rivals Photograph: Uwe Anspach/dpa/Corbis [PAR] Sunday 20 September 2015 06.10 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Monday 4 April 2016 08.12 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 1 year old [PAR] Sometimes there is no finer sporting motivation than a deep sense of injustice. So it proved once more in south-west Germany, where a United States team, earlier reduced to tears and fury, roared back to claim the Solheim Cup for the first time since 2009. They took the acclaim of the neutral golfing observer in doing so, by 14\u00bd points to 13\u00bd. [PAR] Two things will never be known. We can only guess as to the outcome of this event had Suzann Pettersen backed down in her Sunday morning row with Alison Lee, amid which the European player flatly refused to grant her opponent the tiny putt the American thought she heard as a concession. Despite inevitable claims to the contrary, it is pure speculation as to whether a member of the United States team would have acted the same as Pettersen in equivalent circumstances. [PAR] What is known is that the tawdry incident on the 17th green completely overshadowed this event and, sadly, a wonderful American comeback. An undercurrent of bad feeling, which was noticeable on Friday and Saturday, subsequently consumed all around it. Pettersen had the chance to remedy the situation and was unwilling to do so, in offering either an example of a ferocious will to win or unpalatable mean spirit. She and Hull would defeat Lee and Brittany Lincicome at the last. [PAR] Lee cried, Hull did likewise. Juli Inkster, the American captain, was scathing as to the conduct of the Norwegian. \u201cYou don\u2019t do that to your peers,\u201d Inkster insisted. \u201cIt is bullshit.\u201d [PAR] After the dust had settled, a grinning Pettersen cut a mixture of unrepentant and non-plussed. This was, truth be told, a highly dubious stance from one so experienced. Hull\u2019s lack of contrition can at least be partly attributed to teenage naivety. [PAR] \u201cIt was very clear from Charley and me that we wanted to see the putt [in],\u201d Pettersen said. \u201cWe are all trying to win, to play golf. I totally respect the Americans. We totally respect the game. At that point of time in the match and the putt she left \u2026 I would still like to see it.\u201d Pressed on whether her stance changed with benefit of hindsight, Pettersen added: \u201cI think I just said I would still like to see the putt.\u201d [PAR] Hull claimed her own tears were out of sympathy for Lee. \u201cAt the end of the day, rules are rules,\u201d said the Englishwoman. Pettersen and Hull were supported by their captain, Carin Koch. \u201cIt wasn\u2019t a short enough putt where they would have even given it,\u201d Koch said. \u201cWe have to follow the rules of golf.\u201d [PAR] Yet Laura Davies, a 12-times Solheim Cup participant, said she was \u201cdisgusted\u201d by the European conduct. By the time the trophy had been awarded, Inkster\u2019s diplomatic skills had kicked in. She admitted to being \u201cmad\u201d at the time of"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Record Rugby World Cup attendance at Wembley Stadium Record Rugby World Cup attendance at Wembley Stadium [PAR] Crowd pleaser [PAR] Record Rugby World Cup attendance at Wembley Stadium [PAR] The 89,019 fans who watched the New Zealand-Argentina clash beat the mark set at the RWC 2003 final in Sydney [PAR] 20/09/2015 17:23 [PAR] Issued on behalf of England Rugby 2015 [PAR] 89,019 fans attended Wembley Stadium and broke the record for the biggest ever crowd at a Rugby World Cup match [PAR] Previous record was 82,957 at the Rugby World Cup 2003 Final [PAR] Opening weekend has engaged the nation with full venues and great Rugby [PAR] Tickets for some great matches featuring England at Manchester City Stadium, New Zealand at the Olympic Stadium and Australia at the Millennium Stadium are still on sale via tickets.rugbyworldcup.com [PAR] Rugby World Cup 2015 entered the record books on Sunday when 89,019 fans attended Wembley Stadium for New Zealand v Argentina and broke the record for the biggest ever crowd at a Rugby World Cup match. [PAR] [PAR] The previous record of 82,957 at the Rugby World Cup 2003 Final was broken by Match 8 in one of England's most iconic sporting venues where the winners of Rugby World Cup 2011, New Zealand, took on Argentina in a thrilling match. [PAR] [PAR] England Rugby 2015 Managing Director, Stephen Brown, said: \"We are delighted to see such a fantastic crowd at Wembley Stadium this afternoon and secure a record Rugby World Cup match attendance with over 89,000 fans enjoying New Zealand v Argentina. The opening weekend has been a true celebration of Rugby with full venues, exciting Rugby and a real buzz in and around the Host Cities with over 100,00 people enjoying our official Fanzones and we're looking forward to more of the same over the coming weeks.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] World Rugby Chairman, Bernard Lapasset, added: \"This has been a weekend where Rugby has captivated and inspired a nation and a new generation of fans and players and what better way to cap it than with a Rugby World Cup record crowd. Great people make great events and the stars of this Tournament so far, alongside the players, have been the wonderful fans, the 21st Rugby World Cup team.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Rugby World Cup 2015 has already become the biggest Tournament to date selling over 2.35 million tickets, crossing the 2.25 million tickets sold in France 2007. Fans can still be part of the Tournament however with some great matches including England at Manchester City Stadium, New Zealand at the Olympic Stadium and Australia at the Millennium Stadium via tickets.rugbyworldcup.com.[DOC] [TLE] Rugby World Cup 2003: How the Guardian covered England's ... Rugby World Cup 2003: How the Guardian covered England's victory | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] From the Vault [PAR] Rugby World Cup 2003: How the Guardian covered England's victory [PAR] Remembering the moment a decade ago when Jonny Wilkinson's drop-goal in the Rugby World Cup final defeated Australia and made England champions of the world [PAR] Monday 28 October 2013 08.41 EDT [PAR] First published on Monday 28 October 2013 08.41 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Looking back on England's victory in the 2003 World Cup final, it's easy to forget that the game was in doubt until those last few seconds. We remember Jonny Wilkinson collecting the ball, dropping it on to his right boot and sending it between the posts with the assurance of a man who had made that kick a million times before in training. [PAR] But at that moment, in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UKCISA - International students in UK HE - International ... UKCISA - International students in UK HE - International student statistics: UK higher education [PAR] International students in UK HE - International student statistics: UK higher education [PAR] You need to be logged in as a member to view this page. [PAR] Email address [PAR] Student experience projects & research [PAR] International student statistics: UK higher education [PAR] These pages are updated from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). HESA gathers data for all publicly funded Higher Education Institutions and the University of Buckingham. The data also includes stats on Higher Education (HE) level courses which are delivered at Further Education (FE)Colleges. [PAR] The first data for 15/16 was released on 12 January 2017 and our pages have been updated. Some tables will be updated in the second release in February - check the date below each table to see what year the data relates to. [PAR] For information about the data for 15/16 see the links below: [PAR] Summary of data from HESA (see Charts 4, 7 and 8) [PAR] You can access data this year on the new HESA app . [PAR] For responses to the 15/16 data see: [PAR] PIE News 12/01/17 [PAR] Chief Executive, Dominic Scott commented: [PAR] \u2018These figures for 2015/16 (which always come out reliably but frustratingly late) appear largely to confirm what other sources (such as informal reports and Home Office visa figures) have been saying for some time. That compared with many other countries our non EU recruitment is virtually stagnant \u2013 with first year arrivals decreasing, countries like India nosediving but fortunately China keeping the totals as high as they are. [PAR] Whilst they accord with official Home Office statistics (as HESA note), ministers often attempt to give a far more positive figure by merely quoting the number of visa applicants to Russell Group universities which they say are on the increase. But all this shows \u2013 and without doubt as a direct result of visa restrictions \u2013 the picture for the whole of the UK HE sector is far from rosy and certainly not the time for the government to consider the sort of further measures suggested in October by the Home Secretary\u2019 [PAR] Last modified: 16 January 2017 [PAR] Sections [PAR] Please note - the data based on the first release from HESA on 12/01/17 has been updated. The remainder will be updated with the next release in February 2017. [PAR] Note: totals differ in the tables below due to rounding within the HESA data. [PAR] International (non-UK) students in UK HE in 2015-16 [PAR] 81% of students studying in HE in the UK are from the UK. 6% are from the rest of the EU and 14% are from the rest of the world [PAR] 46% of students studying at postgraduate level in the UK are from outside the EU. [PAR] The number of Chinese students far exceeds any other nationality at 91,215. This is the only country showing a significant increase in student numbers. [PAR] The number of Indian students coming to the UK to study continues to fall (44% decrease in the last five years). [PAR] Across the UK: [PAR] England has the highest number of students from outside the EU (14%) [PAR] Scotland has the highest number of students from the EU (not including UK) (9%) [PAR] Wales has had the largest decrease in numbers from students from outside the EU (11% drop since 2014-15) [PAR] Northern Ireland has seen a 7% decrease in students from outside the EU since 2014-15. [PAR] International"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] _Black_Acrylic: Fungus the Bogeyman _Black_Acrylic: Fungus the Bogeyman [PAR] Tuesday, 11 September 2012 [PAR] Fungus the Bogeyman [PAR] Fungus the Bogeyman (1977) is a children's graphic novel by British artist Raymond Briggs. It follows one day in the life of the titular character, a working class Bogeyman with the mundane job of scaring human beings. [PAR] The book follows a typical day for Fungus the Bogeyman, starting when he wakes up and ending just before he falls asleep. As his day progresses, he undergoes a mild existential crisis, pondering what his seemingly pointless job of scaring surface people is really for. He is a member of the Bogey society, which is very similar to British society, but Bogeymen enjoy things which humans (called Drycleaners because of their contrasting environmental preferences) would not be comfortable around; for example darkness, damp, cold and over-ripe food. The book depicts the mundane details of Bogey life in loving detail, with definitions of Bogey slang and numerous annotations concerning the myths, pets, hobbies, literature, clothing and food of the Bogeys. [PAR] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus_the_Bogeyman [PAR] Raymond Briggs's Fungus the Bogeyman is the current bedtime reading for my kids, and I'd forgotten what a rich, imaginative and complex philosophical work it is. Far from being a simple celebration of all things wet and slimy, Briggs' book creates an upside-down underworld where a gloomy nihilism is the order of the day, and with whose attitudes Briggs clearly has some sympathy. The book was first published in 1977 and has a definite punky, \"no future\", Sex Pistols quality. [PAR] The book masterfully combines a thorough anatomy of Bogeyworld with a meditation on the futility of existence. As Fungus moves slowly through his day (or, I should say, his night, since Bogeys are nocturnal), he is given to such reflections as \"Not to reason why... not ask questions... just keep bogling away\". [PAR] Tom Hodgkinson [PAR] http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2007/apr/24/whatimreadingfungusthebog [PAR] The book, as with all Raymond Briggs childrens books, is beautifully illustrated in that soft, rounded style which is all Briggs own. Throughout the story we are treated to some gory and gruesome sights, and learn a lot about Bogeyman culture, and how it mirrors our own. The tale is presented in the form of a comic strip, but most of the panels of the story are full of little jokes and gags beyond that required to tell us about Fungus\u2019 adventures. [PAR] Fungus is a great book for parents to read to their children as they will get just as much joy from it as their kids. Whilst the young \u2018uns will enjoy all the frights and horrible tricks that Fungus gets up to, adults will see another layer of wit on top of this in the way Fungus\u2019 job and world is perhaps not quite so different to our own as it first appears. [PAR] Big Boo [PAR] http://www.childofthe1980s.com/2009/02/23/fungus-the-bogeyman/ [PAR] It has been called \"the nastiest book ever published for children,\" and it stands in a pivotal position among the picture books of the British artist-writer Raymond Briggs. Fungus the Bogeyman (1977; first American edition 1979) offers both the most fully developed fantasy and the most outrageous affront to conventional mores of all Briggs's children's books to date. It also marks the midpoint of a philosophic curve Briggs has been tracing from the cheerful confidence of Jim and the Beanstalk (1970), to the black despair of When the Wind Blows (1982). A close look at Fungus reveals the common concerns that tie these two extremes together, and that make the last book a wholly logical development from the first."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Libya's Flag Change: World Loses the Only Single Colored ... Libya's Flag Change: World Loses the Only Single Colored National Flag [PAR] Libya's Flag Change: World Loses the Only Single Colored National Flag [PAR] Updated on January 24, 2012 [PAR] Libya's Old and New Flags [PAR] Libya's Old and New Flags [PAR] Death of the Living [PAR] Another endangered species has gone extinct. No we are not talking about the animal or plant kingdom but the national flag of the Libyan kingdom (agreed technically it was not a kingdom but it was no democracy either). [PAR] With the demise of their king (read Muammar Gaddafi) comes the demise of a symbol that became the reason why primary school kids know of the existence of a nation called Libya. [PAR] (If you have been on a sail-around-the-world-tour and are wondering what am I talking about, I suggest you take a tour of Wikipedia before returning to this land.) [PAR] Libya's plain green (ex) flag, which was the only national flag of its kind, has been replaced by the original flag of 1951 that was adopted when the Kingdom of Libya came into being. One will no longer be able to ask what may have been one of the favorite GK questions in the domain of flags. [PAR] Rebirth of the Dead [PAR] The new (or original) flag has a design typical of Islamic nations. It consists of a horizontal tricolor of red, black and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black center stripe. To give credit to the designer, the flag was designed by Omar al Fayek Shennib who was the Minister of Defense along with being Chief of the Royal Diwan and Vice-President of the Libyan National Assembly under the reign of King Idris al Senussi. [PAR] The flag which became a symbol of protest in the Libyan Revolution leading to the ousting of the military regime was officially notified to the United Nations by the National Transitional Council (NTC) of Libya on 3 August 2011. [PAR] Evolution History [PAR] The earlier plain green design with no symbol or insignia was adopted by Muammar Gaddafi in 1977. If you are wondering why did a colorful person like Gaddafi adopt such a simple design then this had to do with his Green Book on Third International Theory which was proposed as an alternative to capitalism and communism for third world countries. [PAR] Gaddafi adopted the flag after he had overthrown the king in a military coup in 1969. But history has a knacky way of repeating itself. The military ruler had come to power after a bloodless coup but his end of rule was not to be so peaceful. He was captured and brutally murdered by NTC revolutionaries. [PAR] Condolences [PAR] The revolutionaries have succeeded in their efforts. The new flag flies proudly all over Libya. Muammar Gaddafi is gone. And so is the flag he gave Libya for the world to admire. May both of them rest in peace.[DOC] [TLE] What's in a flag? - Libya - Al Jazeera English | Egypt , Italy , Libya [PAR] The red band on the flag refers to the blood of those killed during the Libyan fight for independence from Italy [AFP] [PAR] Anti-government protesters in cities across Libya have been hoisting national flags as a sign of their revolt against Muammar Gaddafi, the man who has led the country for 41 years. [PAR] Abroad, where diplomats in several embassies have also renounced Gaddafi's leadership, the flag is also being used as a sign to show where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Andrews Day is celebrated on November 30th | Feast of ... St. Andrews Day is celebrated on November 30th | Feast of Saint Andrew | St. Andrew's Feast Day [PAR] Feast of Saint Andrew [PAR] Biography of St. Andrew \u0095 St. Andrew Cathedrals \u0095 Patronage of St. Andrew \u0095 St. Andrew Medals \u0095 Feast Day of St. Andrew \u0095 St. Andrew's Cross \u0095 Prayers to St. Andrew \u0095 Pictures \u0095 About Me [PAR] St. Andrew day [PAR] St Andrew's Day, the 30th of November, is marked by celebrations around the globe. Many cities hold celebrations of St. Andrew's feast day, and his status as patron saint of fishermen is observed with a feast of St. Andrew in fishing villages as well. [PAR] Germany and Austria have their own traditions and folklore surrounding St Andrews Day, or Andreasnacht as it is known to locals. St. Andrews feast day is near to, and some years coincides with, the start of Advent (the first Sunday following the 26th of November) Among his many responsibilities, St Andrew is patron saint of unmarried women, so Andreasnacht is regarded as a particularly auspicious occasion for girls and young women to perform the various folkloric rituals designed to reveal the identity of future husbands. Austrian Girls would traditionally perform the ritual, which might be anything from divining by pouring molten lead into water, to kicking a straw bed in the nude, while reciting the Andreasgebet or St. Andrew's Prayer . All the while looking for a lucky sign of love at their feast of St. Andrew. [PAR] St Andrew's Day, however, is best known as a celebration of Scottish culture. Since 2006, it has been officially recognized as a national holiday in Scotland, with events such as celebratory St. Andrew Feast dinners happening around the nation, and is marked around the world by the many St Andrew's Societies from the Americas to the Far East composed of Scottish expatriates, descendents of the Scots diaspora, and others who simply have an interest in all things Scottish. The town of St. Andrews celebrates its patron in style with the weeklong St. Andrews Festival, incorporating music, arts, dance and drama. [PAR] You and your family can celebrate your own Saint Andrew feast. Let the main course be fish and perhaps include some Scottish traditions. Giving your guests St. Andrew's medals or jewelry is a special way to honor St. Andrew and your guests [PAR] on this day. Recite the prayers of St. Andrew, reflecting on how he lived his life, the first-called apostle of our Lord Jesus Christ. [PAR] Join us on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fleetwood Mac | Rolling Stone Fleetwood Mac | Rolling Stone [PAR] artists > F > Fleetwood Mac > Bio [PAR] Fleetwood Mac Bio [PAR] The only thing about Fleetwood Mac that hasn't changed since the band formed in 1967 is the rhythm section of Mick Fleetwood and John \"Mac\" McVie \u2014 fitting, since the band is named after those two. Through the Seventies, the band's personnel and style shifted with nearly every recording as Fleetwood Mac metamorphosed from a traditionalist British blues band to the maker of one of the best-selling pop albums ever, Rumours, then kept on for decades after that \u2014 to varying degrees of success. [PAR] Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac was formed by ex\u2013John Mayall's Bluesbreakers Green, McVie, and Fleetwood along with Elmore James enthusiast Jeremy Spencer. McVie had been a charter member of the Bluesbreakers in 1963, Fleetwood had joined in 1965, and Green had replaced Eric Clapton in 1966. With its repertoire of blues classics and Green's blues-style originals, the group's debut at the British Jazz and Blues Festival in August 1967 netted it a record contract. Fleetwood Mac was popular in Britain immediately, and its debut album stayed near the top of the British chart for 13 months. The quartet had hits in the U.K. through 1970, including \"Black Magic Woman\" and the instrumental \"Albatross\" (which was Number One in 1968 and reached Number Four when rereleased in 1973). America, however, largely ignored Fleetwood Mac: its first U.S. tour had the group third-billed behind Jethro Tull and Joe Cocker, neither of whom was as popular in Britain. [PAR] Green and Spencer recorded Fleetwood Mac in Chicago with Willie Dixon, Otis Spann, and other blues patriarchs in 1969 (the LP wasn't released until 1971), yet the group was already moving away from the all-blues format. In May 1970 Green abruptly left the group to follow his ascetic religious beliefs. He stayed out of the music business until the mid-Seventies, when he made two solo LPs. His departure put an end to Fleetwood Mac's blues leanings. Danny Kirwan and Christine Perfect moved the band toward leaner, more melodic rock. Perfect, who had sung with Spencer Davis in folk and jazz outfits before joining British blues-rockers Chicken Shack in 1968, had performed uncredited on parts of Then Play On, but contractual obligations to Chicken Shack kept her from joining Fleetwood Mac officially until 1971. By then she had married McVie. [PAR] Early in 1971, Spencer disappeared in L.A. and turned up as a member of a religious cult, the Children of God (later the title of a Spencer solo effort). Fleetwood Mac went through a confused period. Bob Welch joined, supplementing Kirwan's and Christine McVie's songwriting. Next Kirwan was fired and replaced by Bob Weston and Dave Walker, both of whom soon departed. Manager Clifford Davis then formed a group around Weston and Walker, called it Fleetwood Mac, and sent it on a U.S. tour. An injunction filed by the real Fleetwood Mac forced the bogus band to desist (they then formed the group Stretch), but protracted legal complications kept Fleetwood Mac from touring for most of 1974. From then until around the time of the Tusk tour in 1979-80, the band managed itself, with Mick Fleetwood taking most of the responsibility. [PAR] The group relocated to California in 1974. After Welch left to form the power trio Paris in 1975, Fleetwood Mac finally found its best-selling lineup. Producer Keith Olsen played an album he'd engineered, Buckingham-Nicks (Polydor), for Fleetwood and the McVies as a demo for his studio; Fleetwood Mac hired not only Olsen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical Elements.com - Iron (Fe) Chemical Elements.com - Iron (Fe) [PAR] The homepage of the Iron and Steel Society [PAR] If you know of any other links for Iron, please let me know [PAR] Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Iron. [PAR] <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/fe.html>. [PAR] For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . [PAR] This page was created by Yinon Bentor. [PAR] Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny Depp alters Amber Heard tattoo to read 'scum ... Johnny Depp alters Amber Heard tattoo to read 'scum' | Celebrities | Entertainme [PAR] Johnny Depp alters Amber Heard tattoo to read 'scum' [PAR] Saturday, July 02, 2016 11:37 AM EDT [PAR] | Updated: [PAR] Saturday, July 02, 2016 11:57 AM EDT [PAR] In this Jan. 2, 2016 file photo, Amber Heard, left, and Johnny Depp arrive at the 27th annual Palm Springs International Film Festival Awards Gala in Palm Springs, Calif. A Los Angeles Superior Court spokeswoman says the temporary restraining order Heard obtained against Depp will remain in effect until Aug. 15. (Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP, File) [PAR] Johnny Depp accused of stalling divorce [PAR] Johnny Depp has altered a tattoo on his hand that was dedicated to his estranged wife Amber Heard. [PAR] The Pirates of the Caribbean star inked the knuckles of his right hand with the word SLIM, which was his nickname for Heard, after the pair married last year. He also has another tattoo, a full length-portrait of the Texas-born actress, on his arm. [PAR] Now, photos have been released that reveal Depp has changed the letters of his knuckle tattoo to spell the word SCUM. According to TMZ.com , the alteration has happened over the course of the past week. [PAR] It could be a hint to the actor's feelings toward his spouse, who accused him of domestic abuse and obtained a restraining order against him after she filed for divorce in May. [PAR] Depp was spotted with the tattoo alteration while on a visit to Los Angeles on Wednesday, as he gathered with family and friends to pay tribute to his late mother Betty Sue, who died days before Heard filed for divorce. [PAR] This isn't the first time Depp has had to change a tattoo following a break-up. He famously was inked with \"Winona Forever\" during his relationship in the 1990s with Winona Ryder, but was forced to change it to \"Wino Forever\" after they broke up. [PAR] Ryder, who dated Depp for four years after they met at a film premiere in 1989, came out in defence of her former fiance earlier this week, and revealed she was baffled by Heard's allegations against the star. [PAR] \"I can only speak from my own experience, which was wildly different than what is being said,\" she told Time magazine . \"He was never, never that way towards me. Never abusive at all towards me. I only know him as a really good, loving, caring guy who is very, very protective of the people that he loves.\" [PAR] The actor was on a European tour with his band The Hollywood Vampires when the divorce drama began, and later retreated to his private island in the Bahamas. The band, also featuring Alice Cooper and Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry, played the first of their U.S. tour dates in Pennsylvania on Friday, and will continue their tour until the end of the month. [PAR] Meanwhile, Depp will face off with his wife for the first time since they split in a Los Angeles courtroom in mid-August, when her request for a permanent restraining order against Depp will be discussed. [PAR] The pair was scheduled to face off in court last month but the hearing was postponed amid reports the former couple was attempting to reach a private settlement. [PAR] The actress has accused the father-of-two of abuse throughout their relationship and showed up at court last month with a bruised face, accusing Depp of throwing an iPhone at her. In response to Heard's abuse allegations, Depp's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital Of China, Where Is China's Capital - China Travel Capital Of China, Where Is China's Capital [PAR] Capital of China [PAR] Last updated by fabiowzgogo at 2016/12/16 [PAR] Beijing, which means \"Northern Capital\" (from the Chinese characters \u5317 for north and \u4eac for capital), is the capital of the People\u2019s Republic of China and one of the most heavily populated cities in the world. [PAR] Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai -the 2010 census revealed that the official total population in Beijing was 19,612,368- and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational centre of China. The Beijing Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic. [PAR] The city's history dates back to three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political centre of the country for much of the past eight centuries. [PAR] The city is illustrious for its opulent palaces, temples, gardens, tombs, walls and gates and its art treasures and universities have made it the heart of culture and art in China. Few cities in the world have been the political and cultural core of an area as immense for so long. [PAR] Beijing is unique among most big cities of China since it shows at the same time the characteristics of old and new China. The first facet is seeable not only in the very numerous historic monuments of the city, but also in its typical old town districts \u201cHutong\u201d still very vast. [PAR] The fast moving modern metropolis come into sight during a walk in Guomao area in Chaoyang District, the central business district of Beijing and along Dongdaqiao Road or Jianguo Avenue. [PAR] Administrative division [PAR] Beijing Municipality currently comprises 16 administrative county-level subdivisions including 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties or xian. [PAR] Geography [PAR] The metropolis is located in northern China and the municipality of Beijing extends over a surface of 16 800 km2. Mountains to the north, northwest and west shield the city which is close to the Great Wall of China. [PAR] Beijing has a rather dry, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate characterized by hot, humid summers and usually cold, windy, dry winters. The monthly daily average temperature in January is \u22123.7 \u00b0C (25.3 \u00b0F), while in July it is 26.2 \u00b0C (79.2 \u00b0F). [PAR] The most pleasant months for tourism are: May, with an average temperature of 26,4 \u00b0C and September with 25,8\u00b0C. July and August are the months of the year when it is most raining with an average of 10 rainy days during the month. [PAR] History [PAR] The earliest traces of human habitation in the Beijing municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near Zhoukoudian village in Fangshan District, where Peking man lived. [PAR] It is in 1153 that the city became for the first time the capital of the country as the Jurchen Jin dynasty moved their capital to Nanjing (also known as Yanjing\u2014the city which is now Beijing) renaming it Zhongdu, the \"Central Capital\". However it loses of its notoriety as the city was besieged by Genghis Khan's invading Mongolian army in 1213. [PAR] Two generations later, Kublai Khan ordered the creation of Dadu, a new capital for his Yuan dynasty to be located adjacent to the Jin ruins. The construction took from 1264 to 1293. [PAR] In 1368, the rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang sent an army to Khanbaliq and burnt it to the ground and a new town was established to supply the military garrisons in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maid of the Mist | Niagara Falls Attraction Maid of the Mist | Niagara Falls Attraction [PAR] RESERVATIONS: 1-800-618-9059 [PAR] Maid of the Mist [PAR] The Maid of the Mist boat tours almost need no introduction. These ferries have been running along the Niagara River for a long time \u2013 since 1846 there has been a Maid of the Mist boat on the waters, originally as the only passage across the tumultuous Niagara River and quickly developing into a prestigious tourist attraction in its own right. As such it can boast as being one of the oldest attractions in North America, with frequent updates to its fleet to keep the experience safe, modern and enjoyable. The Maid has the privilege of allowing passengers to sidle up to the various waterfalls of Niagara, providing them with an opportunity to become intimately acquainted with the powerful landmark that defines the region. [PAR] The Maid of the Mist ferries currently embark from a docking station on the American side of the Niagara River, at the base of the Prospect Point observation tower. The tower is the main entry point to the ferry \u2013 approach from the New York township of Niagara Falls at the top of the gorge and take the elevator down to reach the Maid\u2019s loading point. [PAR] Currently two ferries are operational, with one departing at least every half hour for the trip to the falls. The ferry takes passengers, all supplied with a complimentary poncho for the trip, along all three waterfalls that make up the Niagara landmark, swimming through the misty spray created by the sheer force of the cascading water. [PAR] The Maid of the Mist ferries are an icon of Niagara Falls and one of the cornerstones of the region\u2019s tourism industry. They operate from April to October in standard weather conditions, and when it\u2019s operational the Maid always guarantees an amazing experience, regardless of the weather (after all, the ferry hands out ponchos for a reason \u2013 patrons on deck should expect to get wet!). [PAR] Any visitor to the Niagara region owes it to themselves to ride the Maid of the Mist and travel the same route as Princess Diana and Mick Jagger, and enjoy the most iconic view of the waterfalls from the most iconic ride in Canada. [PAR] While in Niagara Falls stay at the highly rated four star Marriott on the Falls Hotel. Combine our best rates with valuable add-ons with one of our:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which station has the most platforms? - SkyscraperCity Which station has the most platforms? - SkyscraperCity [PAR] Which station has the most platforms? [PAR] User Name [PAR] As a general reminder, please respect others and respect copyrights. Go here to familiarize yourself with our posting policy. [PAR] Page 1 of 5 [PAR] Likes (Received): 5382 [PAR] Which station has the most platforms? [PAR] I'm sure this has been covered before (probably ad nauseum) but I cant seem to get the search function to find anything. [PAR] Just wondering if anyone can help answer somewthing I was discussing with some friends last night. We were trying to work out: [PAR] Which train station has the most platforms in : [PAR] a) London [PAR] b) The UK [PAR] My guess was Birmingham New Street for the UK and Clapham Junction for London. [PAR] As an aside we all agreed that the station with the most platforms under a single roof would be Waterloo for London and Birmgingam New street for the UK. [PAR] Last edited by Octoman; February 26th, 2010 at 12:42 PM. [PAR] [PAR] These are a quick count of ones I use regularly: [PAR] Stoke 3 [PAR] Originally Posted by Zim Flyer [PAR] These are a quick count of ones I use regularly: [PAR] Stoke 3 [PAR] Thats quite unusual isnt it? To have an odd number of platforms I mean. [PAR] I always thought they came in pairs. [PAR] My local station in Epsom has 4 platforms. [PAR] Just down the line is Cheam station which has to be a candidate for the weirdest station in the UK. It has two platforms with a massive no mans land between them. It looks horrible. They should at least plant some flowers or something. [PAR] [PAR] Thats quite unusual isnt it? To have an odd number of platforms I mean. [PAR] I always thought they came in pairs. [PAR] Nope, there are quite a few with odd numbered platforms [PAR] Weybridge is a good example. 3 platforms, 2 for the mainline and 1 for the terminus coming from Addlestone. [PAR] [PAR] If you add Underground and the unused Eurostar platforms, Waterloo has 32. [PAR] [PAR] Thats quite unusual isnt it? To have an odd number of platforms I mean. [PAR] I always thought they came in pairs. [PAR] Yeh Stoke is a strange one, it's a busy station but doesn't have many platforms. Platform 3 is a buffer stop and is for the local train stations between Stoke and Manchester. [PAR] [PAR] Nice \"North Staffordshire Railway\" or \"Knotty\" architecture at Stoke. [PAR] [PAR] Thats quite unusual isnt it? To have an odd number of platforms I mean. [PAR] I always thought they came in pairs. [PAR] My local station in Epsom has 4 platforms. [PAR] Just down the line is Cheam station which has to be a candidate for the weirdest station in the UK. It has two platforms with a massive no mans land between them. It looks horrible. They should at least plant some flowers or something. [PAR] That's because Cheam used to have four platforms, with an island platform between the remaining pair, so fast services could overtake stoppers. (If you look closely, you can see where the subway linking the platforms was modified when the island was removed.) [PAR] Greenwich used to have a similar wide layout dating to its opening in 1836; it was a terminus for some decades and had additional tracks the purpose. The gap was removed with the arrival of the DLR, which involved resiting the \"up\" platform closer to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World's Ten Most Colorful Flags - All Star Flags World's Ten Most Colorful Flags [PAR] World's Ten Most Colorful Flags [PAR] World's 10 Most Colorful Flags [PAR] Here are ten of the most colorful flags from around the world. [PAR] While it is fairly common for flags to have just three colors, like the red, white, and blue of the United States or the black, red, and gold of Germany, some flags are much more colorful than that. What makes a flag colorful tends to be a subjective decision, however. There are many flags that use eight or more colors in them, but because the majority of the colors appear in small sections of a coat of arms, it just doesn't seem that colorful. Likewise, other flags may only have three or four colors, but a complex primary design or prominent display of the colors makes the flags appear to be extremely colorful. [PAR] Here are ten of the world's most colorful flags. For our purposes here, we have considered design as well as the number of colors in selecting the most colorful flags. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] As the only nation to use six colors in their flag's primary design, South Africa gets first place on our list of the world's most colorful flags. The flag's design is made up of a green horizontal Y, positioned so that the Y touches both the upper and lower left corners of the flag. The triangular shape along the leftmost end of the flag is black with a yellow border. On the right side of the flag, the area above the Y is red, and the area below is blue, both with a white border. The colors and the Y design are meant to represent the convergence of two separate paths: those of the South Africans, and those of the Europeans who colonized the country. [PAR] Turkmenistan [PAR] Although with four colors in its design, Turkmenistan's flag is far from having the most colors. It does have the honor of being the most intricate of all the national flags in the world. The flag is primarily green, but with a wide vertical stripe near the left end of the flag. This stripe is primarily red, with five tribal patterns that are used in designing the traditional rugs the country is known for. Orange, white, red, and green can be found in the tribal designs, with a white crescent moon encompassing five white five-pointed stars on the field of green to the right of the stripe, near the top of the flag. Obviously, the five tribal designs represent the country's traditional heritage, while the five stars stand for the five regions of the nation. [PAR] Saint-Pierre and Miquelon [PAR] The flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is a very interesting flag. Designed in 1982, this flag is actually a local flag, with the flag of France used as the islands' official flag. The design depicts a yellow ship on a light blue background with waves drawn in black and white, with three flags forming a narrow border along the leftmost side of the flag: a white, green, and red design in the top third, a black and white design in the middle third, and two yellow lions on a red background in the bottom third. The ship represents the colonization of the islands beginning in 1535, while the three individual designs stand for the origins of the islands' colonists: Basque Country (top), Brittany (middle), and Normandy (bottom). [PAR] Central Africa [PAR] The Central African Republic uses five colors in their flag: blue,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harrods (London, England): Top Tips Before You Go ... Harrods (London, England): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Seven floors and 330 departments [PAR] showcase the best of luxury [PAR] merchandise, from high-end fashion [PAR] and accessories to the finest [PAR] homewares and the latest technology. [PAR] There are 28 restaurants in-store; [PAR] we continue to enhance our portfolio [PAR] with Galvin Demoiselle, Bentley's [PAR] Sea Grill, and the institution that is [PAR] The Georgian. [PAR] Customers enjoy a wealth of exclusive [PAR] services, such as By Appointment [PAR] Personal Shopping and The [PAR] Penthouse, a private suite dedicated [PAR] to unsurpassed bespoke service in a [PAR] beautiful environment. [PAR] Urban Retreat at Harrods spa, a [PAR] theatre ticket bureau, and The Studio, [PAR] the store's interior-design service. [PAR] Qatar Holding acquired the business [PAR] in 2010, and it continues to guide [PAR] - and invest strongly in - the store [PAR] according to its philosophy: Anything [PAR] is possible. [PAR] surpass the desires and expectations [PAR] of its customers, staying true to its [PAR] original motto: Omnia omnibus ubique [PAR] (everything for everyone, everywhere). [PAR] Harrods is located on Brompton [PAR] Road, near the Knightsbridge London [PAR] Underground station. [PAR] Neighborhood Profile [PAR] Knightsbridge [PAR] When millions of tourists want to shop 'til they drop, they do it along Brompton Road and its boutique-lined tributaries, including the world-renowned Harrods. And when millionaires want to flaunt what they've already got, many of them find Knightsbridge and Belgravia the perfect place to do so, often behind stately mansion walls or down quiet private mews. Delve beyond the ultra-luxe exterior and you'll find some of this city's cosiest pubs, quiet gardens, and all sorts of indie retailers and enterprises worth a short exercise in spontaneous window shopping. For those looking to take a break from shopping, Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, and some of the city's most popular museums are nearby.[DOC] [TLE] Harrods , London - A View On Cities Harrods, London [PAR] Harrods [PAR] - harrods.com [PAR] Harrods is London's most famous department store. The luxurious store is on many tourists' itineraries, who come to admire the magnificent interior and enormous selection. They often leave the store with a signature green bag; foreign visitors account for a significant part of the store's sales. [PAR] History [PAR] Harrods [PAR] The history of this famous luxury store goes back to 1849 when Charles Henry Harrod opened a grocery at Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, at the time a small village just outside London. Just two years later, the Great Exhibition of 1851, which took place at Crystal Palace in nearby Hyde Park , brought many visitors to the area. Knightsbridge and Harrod's new store boomed. [PAR] Charles Harrod's son (also named Charles) took over and quickly expanded the store, at the time known as 'Harrods Stores'. The department store became well known for its high quality products and excellent personalized service. [PAR] In 1894 Harrods was taken over by Richard Burbridge who had the store completely rebuilt. He also installed London's first escalator, in 1898. The current building was also commissioned by Burbridge. The impressive domed structure was built between 1901 and 1905 after a design by local architects C. W. Stephens and E. J. Munt. [PAR] The Department Store [PAR] Omna, Omnibus, Ubique [PAR] Harrods is one of the world's most famous stores and one of London's tourist attractions thanks to the wide assortment of luxury goods that are on display in a magnificently decorated building. [PAR] The enormous array of products is particularly impressive. The company's motto - engraved"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? [PAR] \u00bb The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? [PAR] The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? [PAR] By Murray Bourne , 16 Dec 2008 [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree [PAR] Most people wrongly believe that the '12 Days of Christmas' refers to the days before Christmas. However, it's really the period starting on Christmas day and finishing with the Epiphany (January 6th, when the 3 kings from 'the East' brought gifts). [PAR] You may be familiar with the Christmas song, The 12 Days of Christmas. The first few lines go like this: [PAR] On the first day of Christmas, [PAR] my true love sent to me [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the second day of Christmas, [PAR] my true love sent to me [PAR] Two turtle doves, [PAR] And a partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the third day of Christmas, [PAR] my true love sent to me [PAR] Three French hens, [PAR] Two turtle doves, [PAR] And a partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] The song continues, adding 4 calling birds on the 4th day, 5 golden rings on the 5th, and so on up to the 12th day, when 12 drummers add to the cacophony of assorted birds, pipers and lords leaping all over the place. [PAR] Notice that on each day there is one partridge (so I will have 12 partridges by the 12th day), and each day from the second day onwards there are 2 doves (so I will have 22 doves), and from the 3rd there are 3 hens (total of 30 hens), and so on. [PAR] So, how many presents are there altogether? [PAR] Partridges: 1 \u00d7 12 = 12 [PAR] Calling birds: 4 \u00d7 9 = 36 [PAR] Golden rings: 5 \u00d7 8 = 40 [PAR] Geese: 6 \u00d7 7 = 42 [PAR] Drummers: 12 \u00d7 1 = 12 [PAR] Total = 364 [PAR] We observe that we have the same number of partridges as drummers (12 of each); doves and pipers (22 of each); hens and lords (30 of each) and so on. So the easiest way to count our presents is to add up to the middle of the list and then double the result: (12 + 22 + 30 + 36 + 40 + 42) \u00d7 2 = 364. [PAR] Efficiently counting the presents [PAR] What if we have more than 12 days? How many presents then? [PAR] Let's now generalize the above result just in case out true love decides to be extraordinarily generous and keeps on giving us gifts - up to 100 days, say. (Multiplying and adding could get quite tedious.) [PAR] Mathematically speaking, my true love is giving me 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n presents on the n-th day after Christmas. [PAR] The number of presents each day is 1 on the 1st, then 3 on the 2nd, then 6 on the 3rd, then 10 on the 4th. We call this set of numbers the triangular numbers, because they can be drawn in a dot pattern that forms triangles: [PAR] To get the total number of presents, we need to add those triangular numbers, like this: [PAR] 1 (on the first day) + 3 (on the 2nd day) + 6 + 10 + ... [PAR] Another way of writing this is: [PAR] On the first day, 1 present. [PAR] On the 2nd day, 1 + 3 = 4 presents [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The first Christmas speech | History of government The first Christmas speech | History of government [PAR] The first Christmas speech [PAR] \u2014 No 10 guest historian series , Prime Ministers and No. 10 , The Monarchy [PAR] Through one of the marvels of modern Science, I am enabled, this Christmas Day, to speak to all my peoples throughout the Empire. I take it as a good omen that Wireless should have reached its present perfection at a time when the Empire has been linked in closer union. For it offers us immense possibilities to make that union closer still. [PAR] King George V - Christmas Speech - 1932 [PAR] These were the opening lines of the first Christmas speech broadcast by King George V in 1932, an institution that has now continued uninterrupted for eighty years. Yet securing agreement for the first Christmas message broadcast by a monarch was not as smooth as the King\u2019s eventual delivery and, if it were not for efforts of the then Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, it might never have happened. [PAR] Reluctant speaker [PAR] By the 1920s radio was increasingly becoming the medium through which leaders could talk to their nations and, in some cases, their empires, with radio the norm in the US by this point. Inspired by this, John Reith, General Manager of the newly formed BBC, wrote to the King in 1923 to inquire whether he would be interested in \u2018delivering a message to his people\u2019 on a significant holiday such as Christmas, New Year or Easter. Unfortunately, the King was a reluctant speech-giver \u2013 due to a self-perceived lack of oral talent \u2013 and also an unashamed technophobe. He politely declined this request, much to the BBC\u2019s disappointment. [PAR] The next year the BBC gave the King a radio set, which was gratefully received and regularly used, the King being a particular fan of the news service; but the set did little to encourage him to make a personal address. At the opening of various functions throughout the 1920s, such as the British Empire Exhibition in 1924, the King\u2019s opening addresses were recorded by the BBC, with some attracting around 10 million listeners throughout the empire, a record for the period. However, despite his evident popularity with radio audiences, the King could not be persuaded to give a personal message to the population on Christmas Day. This was due largely to his belief that he lacked the sophistication and flair of other broadcasters, and as the message would be personal in nature he could not hide behind formality to combat his fears. Even his Private Secretary, Lord Stamfordham, who favoured the idea (and whose advice the King trusted and mostly accepted) felt that pursuing a Christmas speech by the monarch was a lost cause. [PAR] Simple and honest [PAR] All this changed with the appointment of Ramsay MacDonald as the first Labour Prime Minister in 1929, a man whose simplicity in approach the King admired and respected. MacDonald assuaged many of the King\u2019s fears about a personal broadcast, saying that a simple, honest approach would be more than adequate for the task. The Prime Minister suggested that Rudyard Kipling could write the speech, thus relieving the King of another anxiety. [PAR] However, it was the new Statute of Westminster, signed in 1931, that finally persuaded the King. This was the first step in transforming the Empire into the Commonwealth, as it effectively removed the dominion nations from Britain\u2019s direct imperial control, thereby creating a federation of equals under the Crown. At this time of change and financial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How and when did St. Nicholas day (December 6th) become ... How and when did St. Nicholas day (December 6th) become associated with Christmas day (December 25th)? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written Jan 8, 2016 [PAR] December 6 is the Feast Day for Saint Nicholas - meaning that Catholics (all Christians before the Reformation) remembered him and celebrated him on that day. Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of children, and so there would be many celebrations featuring children - some churches would have \"boy bishop\" celebrations where boys would perform the functions of the bishop. Because Saint Nicholas gave gifts to children, and his feast was during the time of Advent (the 4 weeks leading up to Christmas) he became linked with Christmas celebrations. Some countries and traditions use St. Nick and Santa Claus interchangeably, but they are 2 very distinct individuals. St. Nick doesn't have elves or live at the north pole :) [PAR] You can learn more about St. Nicholas at the St. Nicholas Center website: Discovering the Truth About Santa Claus[DOC] [TLE] St. Nicholas Day Archives - All Done Monkey St. Nicholas Day Archives - All Done Monkey [PAR] All Done Monkey [PAR] Christmas , multiculturalism , raising world citizens Comments Off on Christmas Around the World: When to Celebrate [PAR] Dec 032015 [PAR] [PAR] When is Christmas celebrated where you live? Do you know why many countries celebrate on December 25 (and why others do not)? Thanks to Carrie of Crafty Moms Share for teaching us more about this fascinating aspect of Christmas around the world. [PAR] Christmas Around the World: When to Celebrate [PAR] The Bible does not tell us when Jesus was born. No one actually knows the date of his birth. The first recorded Christmas on December 25th was in 336AD. It was during the time of Roman Emperor Constantine, the first Christian Roman Emperor. A few years later Pope Julius I declared Christmas Day to be December 25. There are many theories as to why this date was chosen. One theory is it is nine months after the date of Annunciation, when it is believed Mary became with child (March 25). Another is that it is around the pagan celebration of the Winter Solstice as well as other Roman pagan festivals. The Jewish Festival of Lights, Hanukkah, begins on the 25th of the Jewish month of Kislev (a month that often occurs at the same time as December) and since Jesus was Jewish, perhaps it was to honor his past. [PAR] In the early church Christmas was also celebrated on January 6th, also known as Epiphany (the revelation that Jesus is God\u2019s son and the Baptism of Jesus). Then there is the switch of the calendars from the Julian to the Gregorian, though some churches still use the Julian calendar. All of this affects the date of Christmas and various countries celebrate Christmas at different times. There is also the question of what is the Christmas celebration? Is it when Santa Claus or other gift bearer brings gifts to children? Is it when families gather for the celebration or when people go to church? Each of these things also occur at different times in different cultures. [PAR] In Venezuela some people begin their celebrations with St. Barbara\u2019s Day on December 4th. On December 16th families bring out their pesebre, elaborate nativity scenes, and the height of the celebrating begins on December 21st and lasts through the 25th. Epiphany or Three Kings Day is also celebrated in Venezuela. The main presents arrive Christmas Eve. [PAR] In the Netherlands December"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shakin' Stevens - Merry Christmas Everyone lyrics ... Shakin' Stevens - Merry Christmas Everyone lyrics | LyricsMode.com [PAR] Merry Christmas Everyone lyrics [PAR] To explain lyrics, select line or word and click \"Explain\". [PAR] Create lyrics explanation [PAR] Select some words and click \"Explain\" button. Then type your knowledge, add image or YouTube video till \"Good-o-meter\" shows \"Cool\" or \"Awesome!\". Publish your explanation with \"Explain\" button. Get karma points! [PAR] OK, got it! [PAR] New! Read & write lyrics explanations [PAR] Highlight lyrics and explain them to earn Karma points. [PAR] Shakin' Stevens \u2013 Merry Christmas Everyone lyrics [PAR] Snow is falling [PAR] Time for parties and celebration [PAR] People dancing all night long [PAR] Time for presents [PAR] Time for singing christmas songs [PAR] We're gonna have a party tonight [PAR] I'm gonna find that girl underneath the misteltoe, [PAR] We'll kissed by candlelight [PAR] Room is swaying, records playing [PAR] All the old songs, we love to hear [PAR] All I wish that everyday was christmas [PAR] What a nice way to spend the year [PAR] We're gonna have a party tonight [PAR] I'm gonna find that girl [PAR] Underneath the mistletoe, we'll kiss by candle light [PAR] Snow is fallin, all around me [PAR] Children playing, having fun [PAR] It's the season, love and understanding [PAR] Merry christmas everyone [PAR] Snow is falling, all around me [PAR] Children playing, having fun [PAR] It's the season, love and understanding [PAR] Merry christmas everyone [PAR] Snow is falling, all around me [PAR] Children playing, having fun [PAR] It's the season, love and understanding [PAR] Merry christmas everyone [PAR] Snow is falling, all around me [PAR] Children playing, having fun [PAR] It's the season, love and understanding [PAR] Merry christmas everyone [PAR] Correct [PAR] Add song structure elements [PAR] Click \"Correct\" to open the \"Correction form\". There you can add structure tags, correct typos or add missing words. Send your correction and get karma points! Result of your work will appear after moderating. [PAR] OK, got it! [PAR] 0 [PAR] UnregisteredNov 18, 2013 at 9:10 pm [PAR] This song is just so flippin nice - everyone jive to it this christmas. Go stevie basically sucha nice guy I reckon this song should be top hits stevie should be made like a serious popstar he is like one cooool dude funky toon loony toons basically lets all sing this song this christmas we could like make the worrrld spin! We could get mrs armitage burping her purple breath out! This is like one cool song! Who likes christmas songs? Me moi j'inclure [PAR] john fulcher do you like christmas songs? Of coss! Shaky stevie should make milkshakes then he could be called milkshakin stevens [PAR] weep. Still laffing now. Egbert managed to expire his last kindred eggpuff before spitting vehemently upon the unearthly grail which had a sincere but excruciating meaning which took espousals from all areas of the post war effort in which talktalk posted their extra beneficial animal testing campaign which lasted through the christmas of 2009 right up to the astronomical effort in which lassez faire economics played serious and unbelievable aspirational attributes to the aphological esitanes which grabedes upon all aexenes of the english acronyms. [PAR] Add your reply [PAR] Write about your feelings and thoughts [PAR] Know what this song is about? Does it mean anything special hidden between the lines to you? Share your meaning with community, make it interesting and valuable. Make sure you've read our simple tips [PAR] Hey! It's useful. [PAR] If this song really means something special to you,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer's ... What is the name of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer's mother? - Quora [PAR] Christmas [PAR] What is the name of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer's mother? [PAR] The Rankin and Bass special mentions that Donner is his father, but the name of his mother is never mentioned as far as I can tell. [PAR] Written Jun 1, 2016 [PAR] I was suffering from cysts on my ovaries in 2007. Very painful. One grew to the size of a cantaloupe by 2011. I knew something was wrong! My Obgyn simply said, \u201cJust a cyst\u2026.don't worry about it honey.\u201d [PAR] Fast forward from 07 to 11. I was sick. Vomiting everywhere, peeing nonstop, high fevers, pale, a bulge in my belly\u2026I could not stop urinating. I went to several doctors, including a top urologis... [PAR] Updated Nov 24 [PAR] My U.S. Government teacher gave me a B+ on my senior term paper. I was happy. Then he said, \"I would have given you an A but I know you wrote this yesterday and typed it today. It wouldn't be fair for me to give you an A when I'm failing another student who worked on it the full six weeks.\" [PAR] My answer to him was it's not my fault, nor should I be punished, because I can write an A paper in two da...[DOC] [TLE] Clarice's father - Christmas Specials Wiki - Wikia Clarice's father | Christmas Specials Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer [PAR] Clarice's father is a minor character in Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer . He is only seen twice, first catching his daughter with Rudolph and ordering her to return to her cave because he doesn't want her being seen with a red-nosed reindeer. Unfortunately, Clarice does not listen to him and later leaves with Mrs. Donner to find Rudolph. His second appearance is at Santa's workshop where he reunites with Clarice after she returns to Christmas Town along with Rudolph, Hermey , Donner and Mrs. Donner ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Polar Express (2004) - IMDb The Polar Express (2004) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In 1 theater near Seattle WA US [ change ] [PAR] WATCH NOW [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] A young boy embarks on a magical adventure to the North Pole on the Polar Express. During his adventure he learns about friendship, bravery, and the spirit of Christmas. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 10 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 24 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 07 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Title: The Polar Express (2004) [PAR] 6.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 5 wins & 22 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] An animated retelling of Charles Dickens' classic novel about a Victorian-era miser taken on a journey of self-redemption, courtesy of several mysterious Christmas apparitions. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] When a man inadvertantly kills Santa on Christmas Eve, he finds himself magically recruited to take his place. [PAR] Director: John Pasquin [PAR] After inadvertently wreaking havoc on the elf community due to his ungainly size, a man raised as an elf at the North Pole is sent to the U.S. in search of his true identity. [PAR] Director: Jon Favreau [PAR] On the outskirts of Whoville, there lives a green, revenge-seeking Grinch who plans on ruining the Christmas holiday for all of the citizens of the town. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] An 8-year old troublemaker must protect his home from a pair of burglars when he is accidentally left home alone by his family during Christmas vacation. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] A grumpy hermit hatches a plan to steal Christmas from the Whos of Whoville. [PAR] Directors: Chuck Jones, Ben Washam [PAR] Stars: Boris Karloff, Thurl Ravenscroft, June Foray [PAR] Scott Calvin has been a humble Santa Claus for nearly ten years, but it might come to an end if he doesn't find a Mrs. Claus. [PAR] Director: Michael Lembeck [PAR] One year after Kevin was left home alone and had to defeat a pair of bumbling burglars, he accidentally finds himself in New York City, and the same criminals are not far behind. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] In the 1940s, a young boy named Ralphie attempts to convince his parents, his teacher, and Santa that a Red Ryder B.B. gun really is the perfect Christmas gift. [PAR] Director: Bob Clark [PAR] Santa's clumsy son Arthur gets put on a mission with St. Nick's father to give out a present they misplaced to a young girl in less than 2 hours. [PAR] Directors: Sarah Smith, Barry Cook [PAR] Stars: James McAvoy, Jim Broadbent, Bill Nighy [PAR] Frosty the Snowman (TV Short 1969) [PAR] Animation | Short | Comedy [PAR] A living snowman and a little girl struggle to elude a greedy magician who is after the snowman's magic hat. [PAR] Directors: Jules Bass, Arthur Rankin Jr. [PAR] Stars: Jackie Vernon, Billy De Wolfe, Jimmy Durante [PAR] A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shut that door with Larry Grayson - BBC - Home BBC - Coventry and Warwickshire - History - Shut that door with Larry Grayson [PAR] You are in: Coventry and Warwickshire > History > Famous People > Shut that door with Larry Grayson [PAR] Larry Grayson [PAR] Shut that door with Larry Grayson [PAR] Nuneaton's Larry Grayson was one of the most popular performers of his generation, discover a little more about the fabulous comedian. [PAR] Pop-it-in-Pete, Apricot Lil and, best of all, Slack Alice and Everard became close friends of the British public during the 1970s and it was all thanks to one man. [PAR] It was the amazing Larry Grayson, star of the Generation Game and stages up and down the country - as well as a star of his beloved Nuneaton community, where he spent most of his life. [PAR] Larry was a true comic genius, who could make millions of people howl at their TVs on a Saturday night with just a raise of an eyebrow or a shout of \"shut that door!\". But it was from humble beginnings that one of the greatest ever light entertainers came. [PAR] Paying attention [PAR] Born William White in Banbury in 1923, he was put up for adoption by his unmarried mother Ethel. At the tender age of ten days, he arrived in Nuneaton to live with his new foster family, Alice and Jim Hammond and their daughters Flo and May. [PAR] Sadly, Alice died when young Billy was just six and eldest sister Flo took it upon herself to take special care of her baby brother. She adopted the role of Billy\u2019s mother and their special and very deep relationship led to him thinking of her, and referring to her, as Mum for the rest of his life. [PAR] Larry's agent and star maker, Michael Grade [PAR] Billy\u2019s early days in Nuneaton helped to form some of his comic creations for his later life. The closely-knit community was typical of its time, with plenty of gossip over back fences, on the bus and on the streets and he listened intently, storing up some of the seemingly mundane conversations for later life. [PAR] His showbusiness bent started early and he staged shows for friends and neighbours at his home - proving a huge success and paving the way for his future ambitions. [PAR] Becoming Larry [PAR] After leaving school, Billy started work in a shoe shop but he lasted only two days before a kindly neighbour offered him a slot at the local working men\u2019s club. His stage debut saw him sing the music hall ditty In the Bushes at the Bottom of the Garden - and he became a roaring success. [PAR] His act progressed as he began working in other clubs around the Midlands and he eventually extended his act to include drag - he dressed as a woman in the first half and came back on as a man. Not many people realised the acts both side of the break were one and the same person, a testament to his success! [PAR] Larry takes to the floor [PAR] His act continued - under his new stage name of Billy Breen - until he linked up with agent Eve Taylor. They decided on a name change, she chose Larry and he chose Grayson after one of his idols, the singer Kathryn Grayson, star of Kiss Me Kate. [PAR] Shut that door! [PAR] He continued his trek around the country\u2019s clubs for 30 years as Larry Grayson but though popular, wasn\u2019t receiving the recognition he craved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Become a Fan of the TV Game Show Called Supermarket ... How to Become a Fan of the TV Game Show Called Supermarket Sweep [PAR] How to Become a Fan of the TV Game Show Called Supermarket Sweep [PAR] Community Q&A [PAR] In the 1990s and early 2000s, there was once a TV game show that let contestants run wild through a supermarket in an attempt to claim a 5,000 (US) dollar prize if you passed all three levels. Although many people were and are fans of the show then and now, if you'd like to become a fan of this show, read on, as you too can become a fan of this show much like the rest of the current fans. [PAR] Steps [PAR] 1 [PAR] Recognize how the show's introductory credits began. Although their introductory credits differed from other shows, this show had a special segment before they called out the contestants. Although each season had it's own introductory statement, the same statement was used throughout each episode in the season. At first it asked questions like \"What show lets you run wild through a Supermarket? (To which the audience yelled Supermarket Sweep) or \"What show lets you grab everything you can get your hands on?(again, the audience yells Supermarket Sweep) and several other statement questions. However, following this, the announcer to the show asked for players from three teams of two in the audience (later in the series' run when this show went onto the PAX-TV channel, they filmed the three sets of 2 contestants running around the corner opposite the audience area from the supermarket) \"Who's got the (product name)?\" To which point, they told them \"OK, you're on!\" And following these, the announcer called \"And here's our host, David Ruprecht\". [PAR] 2 [PAR] Notice how the game was played. There were several parts to this game, with each part containing several pricing games that were related to pricing products you'd find on the average supermarket shelf and which related to time you'd obtain to run the Big Sweep at the end of the game, the winner of that game going onto the Bonus sweep all to earn your $5,000 prize [PAR] Pricing games: The game began with each team being awarded a free minute and thirty second time that they could use in the Big Sweep at the end of the game. [PAR] The show began with what Supermarket Sweep called the \"Mini sweep\" which was introduced a year into the show's run on Lifetime after the company realized that the players weren't being given enough Big Sweep time and could pick up some money in the end as a result. The host gave a clue to a product using a rhyming phrase/sentence. These were very easy, and sometimes you could even tell which item they were trying to find by listening to the intonation of the words that were boldly mentioned. The player who guessed the right answer, could pick up either a free $50 (if they brought back this product within 30 seconds) or $100 (if brought back within 20 seconds). [PAR] They asked the players to split up. One player of each team stayed onset and the other was asked to leave. Leading up to the Round Robin round, only one player was allowed out on the floor to play the remainder of the pricing game. However, halfway through (up until the first advertisement) these players switched and ended up playing more pricing games - all in an attempt to pick up time for the Big Sweep. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] January | 2015 | ADAM'S NOSTALGIC MEMORIES January | 2015 | ADAM'S NOSTALGIC MEMORIES [PAR] ADAM'S NOSTALGIC MEMORIES [PAR] Where I remember old things. [PAR] Menu [PAR] Game Show Memories \u2013 Part 4. [PAR] Going For Gold (BBC1, 1987-1996) [PAR] Another game show review, and even though it was only ever shown in daytime, this show became very popular. It was partly because people were coming, and everyone\u2019s trying. This review will mostly be based on the first series. [PAR] It was the show where people competed to become the quiz champion of Europe. Henry Kelly was the host and revealed to find that champion would take 23 weeks because of the rather compilated knockout system. But we were assured that after 92 episodes and nearly six months we would have our winner who received the star prize of a trip to the Olympics in Seoul, and there were a few other smaller prizes on offer for the runners-up. [PAR] The contestants came from 14 countries across Europe and in the rather overcrowded preliminary round they were asked \u201cwhat am I?\u201d-type questions as four were needed to progress to what was oddly called \u201cthe first round proper\u201d. [PAR] At this point Henry would talk to the contestants about their interests and a lot of viewers found it rather amusing as he tried to start a conversation with some guy from Holland or Austria. They then answered questions on categories, the first three to score six points go into the next round. [PAR] In the four in a row round, contestants simply had to pick a category and then get four questions right in a row in the time they had. The two highest scorers then went into the final. This round was memorable for the catchphrases such as \u201cthe big four zone\u201d and \u201cplaying catch-up\u201d. The winner was the first to nine points. Congratulations Hans, you\u2019re into the next round! This carried on for endless weekly finals, semi-finals and so on until they finally got their super champion many months later. [PAR] This format carried on for many years, until curiously, in the final series the show only featured contestants from the UK so they were all representing their various counties to keep it competitive. I do believe that the early series were shown across Europe though and it gained a following in various countries. [PAR] Going For Gold ran for nine years on the BBC, and a few years later, Channel 5 revived the show under the name One To Win (not to be confused with the other One To Win that I reviewed recently that was actually a revival of Bob\u2019s Full House). Then, about a decade later, Channel 5 revived it again, but this time back under the Going For Gold name. However, this time it was an hour long so there was a lot of padding with annoying phone-in competitions and it lasted just one series. [PAR] I did enjoy watching Going For Gold but it\u2019s not my favourite BBC daytime game show, I\u2019ll writing about that soon, it\u2019s a show that is less famous but I think is a lot better. The Going For Gold format does still linger though, the French version is still very popular to this day. [PAR] Obscure TV Memories \u2013 Part 5. [PAR] Caught In The Act (BBC1, 1992) [PAR] In 1990, ITV launched You\u2019ve Been Framed, a show which featured a lot of what were always called \u201chome video howlers\u201d. BBC1 decided that they wanted to do a show like this, so a couple of years later"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK Game Show Records - UKGameshows UK Game Show Records - UKGameshows [PAR] UK Game Show Records [PAR] This Good Game Guide lists various UK game show records. If you have a question that you think should be included, feel free to contact us . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 7.1 Highest rated game show [PAR] Firsts [PAR] First UK-produced radio game show: The oldest show for which we have a listing is the write-in quiz What's Wrong with This? from 1925. The earliest we know of with actual on-air contestants is Inter Regional Spelling Competition, broadcast on the BBC Regional Service on 25 November 1937. [PAR] First TV game show: Spelling Bee , shown by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) on 31st May 1938, transmitted live from Alexandra Palace. [PAR] First TV game show offering cash prizes: Take Your Pick , broadcast on 23rd September 1955 by Associated-Rediffusion. [PAR] Broadcasting records [PAR] Longest running [PAR] Longest-running game show (TV): This used to be an easy one to call, as Come Dancing enjoyed such a head start that even after it ended, it took a very long time for other long-runners to catch up. However, as that show didn't have a made-for-TV competition format for its first couple of years (it covered existing contests, but didn't stage its own), we can now declare it officially overtaken, by not one but two shows: A Question of Sport and University Challenge . [PAR] Which of those is the actual longest-running, depends on how you measure it. Counting only the periods when they ran as regular series, University Challenge (21/9/62 to 3/9/87 and 21/9/94 to present) beats A Question of Sport (5/1/70 to present), but if you count AQoS from its regional pilot (2/12/68) then it has the upper hand. Though if you consider the UC revival to have begun with the 1992 special, then University Challenge takes the lead again. It's a big can of worms, but two things we can say for certain are that AQoS has the longest continuous period in regular production, while UC has aired new episodes in the most different calendar years; 2016 was its fiftieth (while \"only\" the 48th for AQoS). [PAR] All-time longest-running game show (radio): Round Britain Quiz has run continuously since 1947. [PAR] Longest-running game show broadcast in UK (TV): Technically, it's A Song for Europe , which first aired in 1957, and annually between 1959 and 2010 (sometimes under different titles). The Eurovision Song Contest has been broadcast annually since 1956, but is not usually a UK production. [PAR] Most episodes produced: Countdown aired its 6000th episode on 5 September 2014, and is still going strong with around 250 new episodes each year. [PAR] Shortest running [PAR] All-time shortest-running game show (TV): Aside from intentional one-offs, ITV Play 's The Debbie King Show started and ended on Monday 5th March 2007. [PAR] Exports [PAR] Most successful UK format export: Who Wants to be a Millionaire? has been licensed to at least 107 territories including Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, the Caribbean, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Middle East, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam. The Weakest Link is not far behind with at least 98 territories licensed. [PAR] Hosts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Question of Sport - UKGameshows A Question of Sport - UKGameshows [PAR] A Question of Sport [PAR] Bill Beaumont (2 programmes, 1996) [PAR] Sue Barker (2 programmes in 1996, then 1997-) [PAR] Jimmy Carr (Sport Relief special 2008) [PAR] Jason Manford (A Question of Sport: Super Saturday) [PAR] Co-hosts [PAR] Phil Tufnell (2008-) [PAR] There have also been several stand-in captains over the years. They have included: Bobby Moore; Bobby Charlton; John Barnes; Roger Black; Jonathan Davies; Will Carling; Sam Torrance; Matthew Pinsent; David Ginola; David Seaman; Michael Owen; Shane Warne; Jamie Redknapp; Ricky Hatton; Dennis Taylor and Gary Speed. Ally McCoist, John Parrott and Phil Tufnell were all also stand-in captains before becoming regulars. [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] BBC1 North West (regional), 2 December 1968 (Pilot) [PAR] BBC North West for BBC1, 5 January 1970 to present [PAR] as A Question of Sport: Super Saturday BBC One, 21 June to 19 July 2014 (5 episodes in 1 series) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] The eternal question: What Happens Next? This show has been going for years and years and years. And maybe longer than that. Past captains (well, Bill Beaumont anyway - and of course David Coleman) have hosted the show and it has been regular prime-time viewing. And yes, it's about sport. Each team is made up of three people, two famous sporting guests and a captain who is usually more portly. [PAR] The traditional show invariably began with the Picture Round. 12 boxes each hide a picture of a famous sportsperson in an interesting pose (usually, Media Studies fans, a long shot but always an action shot). Each person would score two points if they got it correct, but if they don't know it's passed over to the opposition for a bonus. Every member of both teams gets a go. Generally there is two pictures for every sport represented by the team members that week. [PAR] A typical picture from the board. This, believe it or not, is Princess Anne - although Emlyn Hughes failed to recognise her (see 'Key Moments', below). [PAR] Then comes the Specialised Subject round. Each person would get a collage of clips based on their sport, and they would be asked to name two specific people in it. The captains, however, would get a completely random selection of sports, being the captains and everything. [PAR] Then comes the Home and Away round, a round devoted to everybody's third-favourite Australian soap. Ha, not really! Actually each guest in turn chooses to answer either a question on their own sport (\"home\") for one point or a general question (\"away\") for two. The team captains usually don't get the choice and have to take an \"away\" question. [PAR] Mystery Personality next, and a short piece of film of a famous personality filmed from odd positions and situations. They are carefully filmed so as never to completely give away who they are (or not, as was the case when they decided to show a full facial shot of Katharine Merry). Two points for a correct answer and one point if they don't know and the opposition gets it. [PAR] Then, it's What Happens Next? A piece of film starts and at an inopportune moment it stops and the contestants need to guess... well, you get the idea. Usually with some outrageous (i.e.wrong) guesses, you can be sure that hilarity will ensue when it turns out that a little cat runs onto the pitch or somesuch. Every week. [PAR] The One Minute Round, nine questions, nine points and sixty seconds. A nice mixture of trivia, picture questions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ask the Family (TV Series 1967\u20131984) - IMDb Ask the Family (TV Series 1967\u20131984) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] General knowledge contest between two families of four, each consisting of the two parents and two offspring. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] a list of 299 titles [PAR] created 11 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 1911 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: Ask the Family (1967\u20131984) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Storyline [PAR] General knowledge contest between two families of four, each consisting of the two parents and two offspring. [PAR] 12 June 1967 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Company Credits [PAR] Referenced in Serendipity (2001) See more \u00bb [PAR] Soundtracks [PAR] Performed by Joe Harriott John Mayer Double Quintet [PAR] Theme tune [PAR] (Isle Of Bute , Scotland) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] BBC 2 are currently doing a reinvention of this almost forgotten quiz show and when I say \" reinvention \" I do mean reinvention. Comparing the new version presented by Dick and Dom to this rather staid original is like comparing the new version of DOCTOR WHO with the old series , especially the worst moments featuring Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy [PAR] It's surely no coincidence that BBC 2 has intermittently been showing the original on weekday afternoons and are probably having a cheap laugh at it too . The quiz starts with a really snazzy theme tune that was reworked by Mint Royale as From Rusholme With Love , you'll know the tune even if you don't know the title , when Sly and Mickey had a punch up in GET CARTER that was the sound playing in the background , similiarly when Tom Cruise runs through deserted streets at the start of VANILLA SKY that was From Rusholme With Love on the soundtrack . [PAR] A really funky tune and funky is not in keeping with this show as the lights go up and presenter Robert Robinson presents the two families with father who looks either like a well dressed Friar Tuck or a young Anthony Eden , two children who could be either boys or girls it's so hard to tell ( well it was the 1970s ) and mother . This is what I don't understand , the parents look totally sexually frigid and it's impossible to believe they actually have an active sex life . I'm not being cheeky or nothing but the parents always without exception come across as repressed middle class church goers who only have sex to reproduce [PAR] The questions are asked and take the form of \" What symphony was this taken from ? \" or \" what is this an anagram of ? \" etc . It's done in a studio without an audience and this only adds to the sterile proceedings . In fact I would say there's more atmosphere on the moon . The winners go through to the next round and in the grand final both families are given a prize of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Crystal Maze : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Crystal Maze : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] The Crystal Maze [PAR] The Crystal Maze title card (series 3-6) [PAR] Format [PAR] 6 (inc. 5 Christmas Specials) [PAR] No. of episodes [PAR] Lee International Studios, Shepperton then later Aces High Studio, North Weald, UK [PAR] Running time [PAR] 15 February 1990 \u2013 10 August 1995 [PAR] Chronology [PAR] Fort Boyard [PAR] The Crystal Maze was a game show , produced by Chatsworth Television and shown on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom from 15 February 1990 to 10 August 1995. There was one series per year, with the first four series presented by Richard O'Brien and the final two by Ed Tudor-Pole , who made his debut in the 1993 Christmas special. Each show was one hour long, including commercial breaks. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 13 External links [PAR] Format [PAR] Originally, Chatsworth Television intended to make a British version of the French show Fort Boyard , but when it became clear that the fort would not be available at the time of the pilot show, Fort Boyard's creator Jacques Antoine was consulted about developing an alternative format that could be shot elsewhere. As a result, the show ended up using a similar concept to Fort Boyard, but was substantially different in presentation and style. It was filmed on a very large set, originally at H Stage in Shepperton Studios , but in later series at an adapted aircraft hangar named Aces High Studios, at North Weald Airfield in Essex . A UK version of Fort Boyard was eventually made by Five, long after Channel 4 ended The Crystal Maze. [PAR] The set was divided into four 'Zones' (originally Aztec, Futuristic, Medieval and Industrial; Industrial was replaced by Ocean from series four onwards), as well as the Crystal Dome, a giant geometric acrylic glass 'crystal' (see the title card at the right) at the centre of the maze, where the teams play their final challenge after playing games in each of the four Zones. [PAR] In each episode, a team consisting of three men and three women (including a team captain and vice-captain) would enter the 'maze,' starting from a pre-determined Zone, and play three or four games of various types in each Zone before entering the Crystal Dome. The teams were put together by Chatsworth from individual applicants, only meeting each other for the first time on the day before filming their episode, unlike the UK version of Fort Boyard which was eventually made some years later, in which teams applied and played as teams. [PAR] The objective of the show was to amass as many 'time crystals' as possible (these were golf ball-sized Swarovski glass crystals) by playing the games in each Zone; each game successfully played would win one 'time crystal.' When the team reached the Crystal Dome, they had to collect as many gold 'tokens' as possible in order to win a prize. Each crystal that the team won earlier would allow them five seconds of time in the Dome to collect tokens, so the more crystals the team won in the Zones, the more time and thus the better chance they had of getting a high gold token count. [PAR] Before each game in a Zone, the team captain(or vice captain should the team captain be locked in) would choose which contestant would play and which type of challenge the game would involve. Games were classed as Physical, Mental, Skill or Mystery. These were typically puzzle games, often involving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scottish Independence: Battle of Bannockburn Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn [PAR] approximately 20,000 men [PAR] Battle Summary: [PAR] In the spring of 1314, Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert the Bruce, laid siege to English-held Stirling Castle . Unable to make any significant progress, he struck a deal with the castle's commander, Sir Philip Moubray, that if the castle was not relieved by Midsummer Day (June 24) it would be surrendered to the Scots. By the terms of the deal a large English force was required to arrive within three miles of the castle by the specified date. This arrangement displeased both King Robert, who wished to avoid pitched battles, and King Edward II who viewed the potential loss of the castle as a blow to his prestige. [PAR] Seeing an opportunity to regain the Scottish lands lost since his father's death in 1307, Edward prepared to march north that summer. Assembling a force numbering around 20,000 men, the army included seasoned veterans of the Scottish campaigns such as the Earl of Pembroke, Henry de Beaumont, and Robert Clifford. Departing Berwick-upon-Tweed on June 17, it moved north through Edinburgh and arrived south of Stirling on the 23rd. Long aware of Edward's intentions, Bruce was able to assemble 6,000-7,000 skilled troops as well as 500 cavalry, under Sir Robert Keith, and approximately 2,000 \"small folk.\" [PAR] With the advantage of time, Bruce was able train his soldiers and better prepare them for the coming battle. The basic Scottish unit, the schiltron (shield-troop) consisted of around 500 spearmen fighting as a cohesive unit. As the immobility of schiltron had been fatal at the Battle of Falkirk , Bruce instructed his soldiers in fighting on the move. As the English marched north, Bruce shifted his army to the New Park, a wooded area overlooking the Falkirk-Stirling road, a low-lying plain known as the Carse, as well as a small stream, the Bannock Burn, and its nearby marshes. [PAR] As the road offered some of the only firm ground on which the English heavy cavalry could operate, it was Bruce's goal to force Edward to move right, over the Carse, in order to reach Stirling. To accomplish this, camouflaged pits, three feet deep and containing caltrops, were dug on both sides of the road. Once Edward's army was on the Carse, it would be constricted by the Bannock Burn and its wetlands and forced to fight on a narrow front, thus negating its superior numbers. Despite this commanding position, Bruce debated giving battle until the last minute but was swayed by reports that English morale was low. [PAR] On June 23, Moubray arrived in Edward's camp and told the king that battle was not necessary as the terms of the bargain had been met. This advice was ignored, as part of the English army, led by the Earls of Gloucester and Hereford, moved to attack Bruce's division at the south end of the New Park. As the English approached, Sir Henry de Bohun, nephew of the Earl of Hereford, spotted Bruce riding in front of his troops and charged. The Scottish king, unarmored and armed with only a battle axe, turned and met Bohun's charge. Evading the knight 's lance, Bruce cleaved Bohun's head in two with his axe. [PAR] Chastised by his commanders for taking such a risk, Bruce simply complained that he had broken his axe. The incident helped inspire the Scots and they, with aid of the pits, drove off Gloucester and Hereford's attack. To the north, a small English force led by Henry de Beaumont"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bluebells ~ Young at Heart (HQ) - YouTube The Bluebells ~ Young at Heart (HQ) - YouTube [PAR] The Bluebells ~ Young at Heart (HQ) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Sep 27, 2013 [PAR] Going back to the 80's now with this great song by \"The Bluebells\" which was released in 1984 and made number 8 in the UK charts, but was re-released as a single in 1993 when the song was used for a car TV advertisement, and on that occasion it made number 1 for four weeks... I can't believe it was 29 years ago when this one was released, am feeling old now lol... Try and watch this one to the very end as the last picture has a message for all of us who are not quite as mature as the ones in this video... [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The jump for the ages | NBC SportsWorld The jump for the ages | NBC SportsWorld [PAR] By Nick Zaccardi [PAR] The jump for the ages [PAR] Mike Powell broke an iconic record in 1991, supplanting its holder and a legendary long jumper in one bound. And it may never be broken. [PAR] Mike Powell/Allsport [PAR] Mike Powell knew the milestone was coming. [PAR] On July 11, Powell\u2019s world record in the men\u2019s long jump turned 8,351 days old, and his thoughts traveled back to its birth, Aug. 30, 1991. They often do. [PAR] The previous world record, etched indelibly by Bob Beamon at the 1968 Olympics, turned 8,351 days old on Aug. 30, 1991. Powell snapped it that night, in Tokyo during a World Championships epic event with Carl Lewis. [PAR] Powell has now held the world record longer than Beamon did, and nobody is currently jumping close to it. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s lasted 23 years,\u201d Powell, an avowed stat geek, said in a recent phone interview. \u201cI didn\u2019t think it would last 23 minutes.\u201d [PAR] Neither did Beamon on Oct. 18, 1968. [PAR] *** [PAR] As storm clouds gathered, Bob Beamon bowed, stepped back, leaned forward and accelerated down a runway for his first Olympic final jump at Mexico City\u2019s Olympic Stadium . [PAR] \u201cIt felt like a regular jump,\u201d he told Sports Illustrated 46 years ago. [PAR] Beamon loped 19 strides and launched off the takeoff board like nobody had ever seen. Jesse Owens, peering through binoculars inside the stadium, estimated Beamon leapt vertically five to six feet, according to SI. [PAR] Beamon fell to Earth. His white shoes dug into the landing pit, six seconds after his first step down the runway. Momentum carried Beamon to three mini jumps out of the pit. He jogged away, wiggling his arms and receiving one low-five before reaching a bench. [PAR] Then he waited. [PAR] Bob Beamon. Mexico City. 1968. (Credit: Tony Duffy /Allsport) [PAR] The jump was so long, so unexpected, that the measuring device couldn\u2019t extend far enough to record it. It took about a half-hour to locate and lay out tape to confirm what Beamon figured, that he\u2019d broken the world record of 27 feet, 4 3/4 inches. [PAR] Officials announced the mark in meters \u2013 8.90 \u2013 but Beamon, not fully versed in metrics, couldn\u2019t fathom it. He has said he thought it might have been a shot put mark. [PAR] Teammate Ralph Boston, the 1960 Olympic champion, broke the news to him: Beamon leaped clear past 28 feet, to 29 feet, 2 1/2 inches. [PAR] He shattered the record by nearly two feet. [PAR] Beamon collapsed to his knees and covered his eyes in disbelief. [PAR] Descriptions of the feat have since ranged from a \u201cmutation\u201d performance by a medical expert; to being in \u201cthe twilight zone\u201d by Beamon; to what \u201cmight be the clearest instance of adrenaline-driven overachievement that the sports world has ever seen\u201d by SI. [PAR] Perhaps the best came on Oct. 18, 1968, from one of Beamon\u2019s competitors to SI. [PAR] \u201cCompared to that jump, the rest of us are children,\u201d said Igor Ter-Ovanesyan of the Soviet Union, who ceded his share of the world record that day. [PAR] Mexico City marked Beamon\u2019s first and last Olympics, nine months before man landed on the moon. He never again jumped 27 feet, partially due to injury. [PAR] *** [PAR] Beamon has said he expected his world record to be broken \u201cin the next 30 minutes\u201d at the Olympics. The conditions were ripe, jumping at an altitude more than 7,000 feet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Nurses Day 12 May - QARANC International Nurses Day 12 May [PAR] \u00bb Tripoli [PAR] International Nurses Day [PAR] Information about International Nurses Day with this year's events and a history and the origin of nurses week: [PAR] Each year, on the 12th of May, nurses celebrate nursing and raise the profile of their work in a variety of ways and events. Few can say they are untouched by the hard work and dedication of nurses in the UK and throughout the world and International Nurses Day is an opportunity to learn about the work of nurses and their workplaces. Many hospitals, day centres, wards, etc hold open days, coffee mornings, fund raising events and use the day for health care promotions and to raise the profile of the profession. [PAR] It is also a day for nurses worldwide to celebrate their profession and unite to take pride in their jobs and show the world the importance of their work. [PAR] Nurses Day [PAR] The reason that Nurses Day is held on the 12th May each year is because this is the birth date of Florence Nightingale. She made many reforms to nursing and health care and drastically cut the death rate amongst soldiers in the Crimean War as a result of her hard work, dedication and training of fellow nurses. [PAR] Westminster Abbey Nurses Day Service [PAR] Each year, on the day that would have been her birthday, there is a service at Westminster Abbey, London to commemorate her life and celebrate the nursing profession. A lamp is taken from the Nurses' Chapel at the Abbey and handed from one nurse to the next nurse during the service. The last person the lamp is handed to is the Dean who then places the symbolic lamp onto the High Altar. This ceremony is done to signify the passing of knowledge from one nurse to another, much like Florence Nightingale did when she set up her Schools of Nursing. It also signifies her nickname The Lady of the Lamp. [PAR] St Margaret's Church Service [PAR] Florence Nightingale was buried at St Margaret's Church, East Wellow, Hampshire and there is a service of remembrance on her birthdate as well as the Sunday after the anniversary of her birthday. A nursing student carries a candle to the alter at the beginning of this service. The first QARANC student nurse to have been the candle bearer was Private Jeremy Done in 2012. [PAR] The Drummer Boy [PAR] continues the adventures of QARANC nurse, Scott Grey, who has the special gift of seeing military ghosts. In this novel he is haunted by the ghost of a Gordon Highlander Drummer Boy from the Battle of Waterloo. It is based on the legends of the Tidworth Military Hospital Drummer Boy. [PAR] Chapters take place in modern day Aberdeen, at the Noose & Monkey bar and restaurant as well as His Majesty\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Theatre and Garthdee. Other scenes take place at Tidworth and during the Napoleonic War where I describe battlefield medical care of this era. [PAR] Read the first three chapters for free [PAR] on most devices. [PAR] If you like this page and would like to easily share it with your friends and family please use the social networking buttons below: [PAR] [PAR] Tweet [PAR] History of Nurses Day [PAR] The International Council For Nurses (ICN) in America started the event in 1965, though it was not officially recognised by the US Government until 1974. [PAR] In 1999 nurses and public sector employees union UNISON mounted a campaign to change the date and remove"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paris, Texas - Encyclopedia.com Paris, Texas - Dictionary definition of Paris, Texas | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary [PAR] Paris, Texas [PAR] International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2001 The Gale Group Inc. [PAR] PARIS, TEXAS [PAR] West Germany-France, 1984 [PAR] Director: Wim Wenders [PAR] Production: Road Movies Filmproduktion (West Berlin)/Argos Films (Paris), in association with Westdeutscher Rundfunk, Channel 4, and Project Film; in color; running time: 148 minutes; length: 13,320 feet. Released 1984. [PAR] Executive producer: Chris Sievernich; producers: Don Guest, Anatole Dauman; screenplay: Sam Shepard; assistant director: Claire Denis; photography: Robby Muller; assistant photographers: Agnes Godard, Pim Tjujerman; editor: Peter Pryzgodda; assistant editor: Anne Schnee; sound editor: Dominique Auvray; sound recordist: Jean-Paul Mugel; sound re-recordist: Hartmut Eichgrun; art director: Kate Altman; music: Ry Cooder. [PAR] Cast: Harry Dean Stanton (Travis Anderson); Dean Stockwell (Walter R. Anderson); Aurore Clement (Anne Anderson); Hunter Carson (Hunter Anderson); Nastassja Kinski (Jane); Bernhard Wicki (Doctor Ulmer); Sam Berry (Gas Station Attendant); Claresie Mobley (Car Rental Clerk); Viva Auder (Woman on TV); Socorro Valdez (Carmelita); Edward Fayton (Hunter's Friend); Justin Hogg (Hunter, age 3); Tom Farrell (Screaming Man); John Lurie (\"Slater\"); Jeni Vici (\"Stretch\"); Sally Norwell (\"Nurse Bibs\"); Sharon Menzel (Comedienne); The Mydolls (Rehearsing Band). [PAR] Awards: BAFTA Award for Best Director, 1984. Palme d'Or at Cannes, 1984. [PAR] Publications [PAR] Shepard, Sam, Paris, Texas (in English, French and German), edited by Chris Sievernin, Berlin, 1984. [PAR] Books: [PAR] Devillers, Jean-Pierre, Berlin, L.A., Berlin: Wim Wenders, Paris, 1985. [PAR] Boujut, Michel, Wim Wenders, third edition, Paris, 1986. [PAR] Wenders, Wim, Written in the West: Photographien aus demAmerikanischen Western, Munich, 1987. [PAR] Geist, Kathe, The Cinema of Wim Wenders: From Paris, France, toParis, Texas, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1988. [PAR] Kolker, Robert P., and Peter Beicken, The Films of Wim Wenders, New York, 1993. [PAR] Cook, Roger F., and Gerd Gemunden, editors, The Cinema of WimWenders: Image, Narrative and the Postmodern Condition, Detroit, 1997. [PAR] Wenders, Wim, The Act of Seeing: Essays and Conversations, translated by Michael Hofmann, New York, 1999. [PAR] Articles: [PAR] Berthelius, M., \"Dr\u00f6mmen om Amerika: Historien om Wim Wenders,\" in Chaplin (Stockholm), vol. 26, no. 3, 1984. [PAR] Variety (New York), 23 May 1984. [PAR] Carson, Kit, in Film Comment (New York), May-June 1984. [PAR] Bergala, Alain, and others, in Cahiers du Cin\u00e9ma (Paris), Summer 1984. [PAR] Welsh, H., in Jeune Cin\u00e9ma (Paris), July-August 1984. [PAR] Johnston, Sheila, in Monthly Film Bulletin (London), August 1984. [PAR] \"Production Diary\" in Cinema (West Germany), August, September, and October 1984. [PAR] Bishop, R., and T. Ryan, \"Wim Wenders: An American Saga,\" in Cinema Papers (Melbourne), August 1984. [PAR] Pym, John, \"The Road from Wuppertal,\" in Sight and Sound (London), Autumn 1984. [PAR] Ranvaud, Don, \"Paris, Texas, to Sydney, Australia,\" in Sight andSound (London), Autumn 1984. [PAR] \"Special Issue\" of Positif (Paris), September 1984. [PAR] Simsolo, No\u00ebl, and others, in Revue du Cin\u00e9ma/Image et Son (Paris), September 1984. [PAR] Goldschmidt, D., in Cin\u00e9matographe (Paris), September-October 1984. [PAR] Baron, Saskia, in Stills (London), October 1984. [PAR] Proper, R. A. F., interview with Robby M\u00fcller, in Skoop (Amsterdam), November 1984. [PAR] Simons, J., \"Paris, Texas: Wim Wenders' Wedergeboorte,\" in Skrien (Amsterdam), November-December 1984. [PAR] Film (West Germany), December 1984. [PAR] Kornum Larsen, J., in Kosmorama (Copenhagen), December 1984. [PAR] Verstappen, W., in Skoop (Amsterdam), December 1984-January 1985. [PAR] Dieckmann, F., in Film Quarterly (Berkeley), Winter 1984\u201385. [PAR] Wooton, Adrian, in Film Directions (Belfast), Winter 1984\u201385. [PAR] Bromet, Frans, and M. J. A. Holland, in Skoop (Amsterdam), February 1985. [PAR] Scharres, B., \"Robby M\u00fcller and Paris, Texas,\" in American Cinematographer (Los Angeles), February 1985. [PAR] Freitag,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the English Premier League - SuperSport - Football History of the English Premier League - SuperSport - Football [PAR] History of the English Premier League [PAR] William McGregor statue \u00a9 Action Images [PAR] What is now known as the English Premier League has its roots in an earlier league, called the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888. [PAR] The Football League, also known as the npower Football League for sponsorship reasons, is a league competition featuring professional association football clubs from England and Wales. [PAR] Founded in 1888, it is the oldest such competition in world football. It was the top level football league in England from its foundation until 1992. [PAR] Since 1995 it has had 72 clubs evenly divided into three divisions, which are currently known as The Championship, League One and League Two. Promotion and relegation between these divisions is a central feature of the League and is further extended to allow the top Championship clubs to exchange places with the lowest placed clubs in the Premier League. [PAR] A director of Aston Villa, William McGregor, was the first to set out to bring some order to a chaotic world where clubs arranged their own fixtures. On March 2, 1888, he wrote to the committee of his own club, Aston Villa, as well as to those of Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Preston North End and West Bromwich Albion, suggesting the creation of a league competition that would provide a number of guaranteed fixtures for its member clubs each season. [PAR] The first meeting was held at Anderson's Hotel in London on March 23, 1888, on the eve of the FA Cup Final. The Football League was formally created and named in Manchester at a further meeting on April 17 at the Royal Hotel. [PAR] In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League to take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal and on May 27, 1992, the Premier League as we know it today was formed. [PAR] This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. [PAR] There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained on the same terms as between the old First and Second Divisions. [PAR] The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. [PAR] A total of 43 clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992 until the end of the 2009/10 season. Two other clubs (Luton Town and Notts County) were signatories to the original agreement that created the Premier League, but were relegated prior to the inaugural Premier League season and have not subsequently returned to the top flight. [PAR] Seven clubs have been members of the Premier League for every season since its inception. This group is composed of Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. [PAR] Due to insistence by Fifa that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. [PAR] On"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stella Artois - Beer Wiki - Wikia Stella Artois | Beer Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Stella Artois Logo 2015 [PAR] Stella Artois brewery in Leuven [PAR] Stella Artois is a 5.2% ABV global lager first brewed in Leuven, Belgium in 1926 as a Christmas brew, and named Stella after the Latin for \"star.\" [1] [PAR] Although Belgium is best known internationally for its ales, the so-called \"table beers,\" the bottom-fermented pilsner lagers such as Stella Artois head the list for domestic consumption, making up almost 75% of Belgian beer production. Stella is promoted as an international brand by its brewer, InBev . In its home market of Belgium, however, it is marketed, priced and sold as a regular lager. It is brewed in Belgium and the United Kingdom , as well as other countries, including Australia . Much of the Stella Artois exported from Europe is currently produced at the InBev Brewery in Belgium, and packaged in the Beck's brewery in Bremen, Germany . [PAR] The Anno 1366 on the Stella Artois logo refers to the origin of brewing in the city of Leuven. The city's tax records dated 1366 mention the existence of a local brewpub called Den Hoorn, ('Hoorn' in Flemish meaning 'Horn' in English, as is represented in the logo on the beer label). The name Artois was coupled to the brewery in 1708, when new owner Sebastian Artois achieved the title of Master Brewer . The frame that surrounds the name Stella Artois on the label refers to the traditional style of window frame found in Flemish architecture. [PAR] Stella Artois is available on draught and in several packaged sizes, including a 275 ml bottle, 284 ml bottle, a 330 ml bottle, a 440 ml can, a 50cl can, a pint size can known as \"La Grande Biere\" (568 ml), 66 cl bottle, 70 cl bottle and a 1-liter bottle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 1366 - Records of taxes exist on Leuven's Den Horen Brewery, a brewery that is still in existence today. [PAR] 1708 - Sebastian Artois becomes the master brewer at Den Horen. [PAR] 1717 - Sebastian Artois gives his name to the brewery. [PAR] 1926 - Stella Artois was launched initially as a seasonal beer especially for the Christmas holiday market. [PAR] 1930 - The first Stella Artois beer is exported to the European market. [PAR] 1960 - 1 million hectoliters of Stella Artois is produced annually for the first time. [PAR] 1993 - InBev open a new fully automated brewery in Leuven. [PAR] 2006 - Total production volume reaches over 10 million hectoliters annually. [PAR] Advertising [PAR] Edit [PAR] For some time, Stella Artois' advertising slogan in the United Kingdom was \"Reassuringly Expensive\". The UK television advertising campaigns became known for their distinctive style of imitating European cinema and their leitmotiv inspired by Giuseppe Verdi's La forza del destino. The campaigns began with a series of adverts based on Jean de Florette, moving on to other genres including war movies, silent comedy and even surrealism (for which the slogan was changed to \"Reassuringly Elephants\"). They have used notable movie directors such as Jonathan Glazer, and their aim was to portray the drink in a context of sophisticated European culture. [PAR] During 2007, the \"reassuringly expensive\" slogan was dropped, and the word \"Stella\" has been avoided in the advertisements. This has been seen as a reaction to the lager's perceived connection with aggression and binge-drinking in the United Kingdom, where it is nicknamed \"wife beater\". [2] [PAR] In Belgium, Stella Artois is promoted as Mijn thuis is waar mijn"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Storytelling Does to Our Brains - blog.bufferapp.com What Storytelling Does to Our Brains [PAR] Written by Leo Widrich [PAR] Nov 29, 2012 Last updated: Feb 1, 2016 5 minutes to read [PAR] In 1748, the British politician and aristocrat John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, used a lot of his free time for playing cards. One of the problems he had was that he greatly enjoyed eating a snack, whilst still keeping one hand free for the cards. [PAR] So he came up with the idea to eat beef between slices of toast, which would allow him to finally eat and play cards at the same time. Eating his newly invented \u201csandwich,\u201d the name for two slices of bread with meat in between, became one of the most popular meal inventions in the western world. [PAR] Now you are very likely to never forget the story of who invented the sandwich. Or at least, much less likely to do so than if it had been presented in bullet points or another purely information based form. [PAR] For over 27,000 years, since the first cave paintings were discovered, telling stories has been one of our most fundamental communication methods. [PAR] Here is the science around storytelling and how we can use it to make better decisions every day: [PAR] How our brains become more active when we tell stories [PAR] We all enjoy a good story, whether it\u2019s a novel, a movie or simply something one of our friends is explaining to us that they\u2019ve experienced. But why do we feel so much more engaged when we hear a narrative about events? [PAR] It\u2019s quite simple. If we listen to a Powerpoint presentation with boring bullet points, certain parts in the brain get activated. Scientists call these Broca\u2019s area and Wernicke\u2019s area. Overall, it hits our language processing parts in the brain, where we decode words into meaning. And that\u2019s it, nothing else happens. [PAR] When we are being told a story, though, things change dramatically, according to researchers in Spain . Not only are the language processing parts in our brain activated, but any other area in our brain that we would use when experiencing the events of the story are too. [PAR] If someone tells us about how delicious certain foods were, our sensory cortex lights up. If it\u2019s about motion, our motor cortex gets active: [PAR] \u201cMetaphors like \u201cThe singer had a velvet voice\u201d and \u201cHe had leathery hands\u201d roused the sensory cortex. [\u2026] Then, the brains of participants were scanned as they read sentences like \u201cJohn grasped the object\u201d and \u201cPablo kicked the ball.\u201d The scans revealed activity in the motor cortex, which coordinates the body\u2019s movements.\u201d [PAR] A story can put your whole brain to work. And yet, it gets better: [PAR] When we tell stories to others that have helped us shape our thinking and way of life, we can have the same effect on them too. The brains of the person telling a story and listening to it, can synchronize, says Uri Hasson from Princeton: [PAR] \u201cWhen the woman spoke English, the volunteers understood her story, and their brains synchronized. When she had activity in her insula, an emotional brain region, the listeners did too. When her frontal cortex lit up, so did theirs. By simply telling a story, the woman could plant ideas, thoughts and emotions into the listeners\u2019 brains.\u201d [PAR] Anything you\u2019ve experienced, you can get others to experience the same. Or at least, get their brain areas active, too: [PAR] [PAR] Evolution has wired our brains for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About - KFC.com About - KFC.com [PAR] YouTube [PAR] WHAT MADE US GREAT IS STILL WHAT MAKES US GREAT [PAR] KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky, is one of the few brands in America that can boast a rich, decades-long history of success and innovation. It all started with one cook who created a soon-to-be world-famous recipe more than 70 years ago, a list of secret herbs and spices scratched out on the back of the door to his kitchen. That cook was Colonel Harland Sanders , of course, and now KFC is the world\u2019s most popular chicken restaurant chain, specializing in that same Original Recipe\u00ae along with Extra Crispy\u2122 chicken , home-style sides and buttermilk biscuits . There are more than 20,000 KFC outlets in 125 countries and territories around the world. And you know what? There\u2019s still a cook in a kitchen in every last one of them, freshly preparing delicious, complete family meals at affordable prices."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is a tomato called a love apple? | HowStuffWorks Why is a tomato called a love apple? | HowStuffWorks [PAR] Why is a tomato called a love apple? [PAR] Andy Sotiriou/Photodisc/ Getty Images [PAR] The 1937 film \"Shall We Dance\" featured \"Let's Call the Whole Thing Off,\" a song penned by George and Ira Gershwin. The ditty is a rundown of all the words that two lovebirds pronounce differently, thanks to their accents -- words like bananas, either and oysters. Because the pair can't see eye-to-eye on these matters, the song goes, they should just nip this affair in the bud right now. [PAR] \"Let's Call the Whole Thing Off\" makes brief note of the fact that half of the couple prefers the pronunciation \" tomato ,\" while the other half prefers \"tomahto.\" But this disagreement merely scratches the surface of what to call a tomato, and if the Gershwins had decided to write the entire song about tomatoes, they would have had ample material. For example, when this couple refers to tomatoes, are they thinking of beefsteak, heirloom or cherry tomatoes? Do they prefer varietals like the Abraham Lincoln, the Fourth of July or the Black Russian? Would they rather we refer to the tomato's formal botanical classification, Lycopersicon esculentum, which translates as \"edible wolf peach\" [source: Ray ]? And does anyone in this relationship prefer calling tomatoes \"love apples,\" as they are sometimes known? [PAR] Tomato, Tomahto [PAR] Sliced, diced or whole tomatoes? [PAR] We can thank the Aztecs for the tomato, both the name in English (which is derived from the Aztec word \"tomatl\") and the food itself. One of the first references to tomatoes in historical documents mentions that Aztecs who practiced cannibalism used the red fruit as a side dish to the main course of human flesh [source: Epstein ]. When the tomato made its way to Europe, many were convinced that the fruit was poisonous, because it was classified alongside the deadly belladonna and nightshade. So how does a food associated with cannibalism and believed to be toxic become known as the love apple? [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] End of the dynasty that made Irn-Bru \u2013 from girders | News ... End of the dynasty that made Irn-Bru \u2013 from girders | The Independent [PAR] Tuesday 17 March 2009 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] Indy Lifestyle Online [PAR] For years, its slogan was \"Barr's Irn-Bru: made in Scotland from girders\". But now the beloved Scottish fizzy drink's catchphrase is wrong in two ways: first, the closest it gets to girders is 0.002 per cent of ammonium ferric citrate listed in its ingredients. And second, the last member of the Barr family, who have made Irn-Bru for more than 130 years, is to step down. [PAR] Robin Barr, whose great-grandfather set up the family business in 1875, said he was retiring as chairman of AG Barr in May, after 31 years of running the company. His decision all but ends the Barr family's involvement with the bright orange-coloured drink that has been synonymous with Scottish culture for more than 100 years. Until six years ago, Irn-Bru was one of a couple of brands in the world to outsell the behemoth Coca-Cola on home soil. The other is Inca Kola in Peru. [PAR] Under Mr Barr's chairmanship, Irn-Bru was launched in a host of other countries, including Russia (where it is much-loved), Ireland, Poland, Greece and the Middle East. A G Barr has other brands including Tizer, which it bought in 1975, and Strathmore Spring Water, but Irn-Bru which remains its most powerful and recognisable brand. [PAR] At the heart of Irn-Bru's success has been its powerful advertising campaigns, which have not only tapped into the Scottish sense of humour but also national pride. In fact its slogans, \"made in Scotland from girders\", and \"Scotland's other drink\", referring to whisky, gave it a resonance that extended way beyond Scotland's borders. [PAR] Other ads involved a man singing a song about his girlfriend who liked Irn-Bru and was therefore perceived to be more macho than he was. The lines went: \"They say that love hurts but that's an understatement, With you love makes me turn black and blue. Got a funny feeling you've been drinking Irn-Bru\". It is so revered that when McDonald's opened in Scotland people complained, and apparently picketed, the restaurants for not selling Irn-Bru. It is available in some branches. [PAR] The Barr family's ability to maximise the brand's value and capture the zeitgeist has been evident throughout Irn-Bru's history. For instance, Iron Brew was rebranded Irn-Bru in 1947 as fears grew that the Labour government under Clement Attlee was to change food-labelling laws to ensure product names had to be literally accurate. [PAR] Mr Barr's great-grandfather Robert founded the business in 1875 in Falkirk. Two years later, his son, Robert Fulton Barr, started a second soft-drinks business in Glasgow, taken over by his brother Andrew Greig Barr in 1892. He started selling Iron Brew in 1901, initially under the Strachan's brew name. [PAR] In the UK, Irn-Bru is the third-biggest selling soft drink, after Pepsi and Coca-Cola. Last year, AG Barr said that Irn-Bru's sales were bigger than those of Lilt, Sprite and Tango combined. [PAR] Mr Barr, 71, who still owns 6.5 per cent of the company, will stay as a non-executive director. Ronnie Hanna, who has been a non-executive director for five years, will become non-executive chairman. But another family member, Julie Barr, remains A G Barr's company secretary and legal affairs manager. [PAR] More about:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nestle Celebrates 150 Years Of Selling The World's Most ... Nestle Celebrates 150 Years Of Selling The World's Most Iconic Brands [PAR] Nestle Celebrates 150 Years Of Selling The World's Most Iconic Brands [PAR] Aug 2, 2016 [PAR] | Share [PAR] | Share [PAR] CHICAGO, IL--(Marketwired - August 01, 2016) - Happy Birthday Nestl\u00e9! The company widely known for its popular products like Butterfinger, Nescaf\u00e9, and Gerber, is celebrating its 150th anniversary this week. The world's largest food company was founded in Switzerland in 1866 by pharmacist Henri Nestl\u00e9. The next year, he partnered with chocolatier Daniel Peter and the two released the first milk chocolate bar in 1875. Today, the company manufacturers more than 2,000 brands, that are sold in 189 countries. [PAR] In 1937, researchers in Nestl\u00e9's Swiss laboratories created the first instant coffee. One year later, the innovative product made its way to the U.S. as Nescaf\u00e9, which was a hit among U.S. consumers. In fact, Nestl\u00e9 chocolate and Nescaf\u00e9 instant coffee fueled American soldiers during World War II and astronauts who traveled to the moon during the 1960s. [PAR] Other Nestl\u00e9 iconic brands include Nestl\u00e9 Toll House, Hot Pockets, SweeTarts, Lean Cuisine, Perrier, Nesquik, Nespresso and Fancy Feast, reaching 97% of US households. [PAR] For the past 10 years, the company has worked to reduce sugar, sodium and saturated fats from its products, helping millions of consumers striving for better health. [PAR] As part of its anniversary celebration, on August 4, Nestl\u00e9 in the U.S. will embark on its largest single day of organized community service. Honoring the 120 hometowns in 47 states in which Nestl\u00e9 businesses operate in the U.S., the company will bring its longstanding commitment to \"Good Food, Good Life\" to more than 150 different community events nationwide. #Nestl\u00e9150for150 unites more than 6,000 employees with dozens of nonprofit organizations for a day dedicated to service. [PAR] The celebration comes a week before the Aug. 10 birthday of founder Henri Nestl\u00e9 who was born Aug. 10, 1814 and died July 7, 1890. [PAR] Continue Reading"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Venetian gondoliers upset by tourists ice cream jingle O ... Venetian gondoliers upset by tourists ice cream jingle O Sole Mio request | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Anger: Gondoliers in Venice are fed up with tourists requesting O Sole Mio - the song made used in the Cornetto ice cream adverts [PAR] Venice's famous gondoliers are up in arms over requests from tourists to continually sing ice cream jingle 'O Sole Mio' instead of being serenaded with local melodies. [PAR] According to the Association of Venice Gondola Rowers, visitors to the famous lagoon city ask for the classic song - made famous by the 1980's classic Just one Cornetto ad - more than anything else. [PAR] A romantic ride along the picturesque canals of the northern Italian city can cost as much as \u00a3100 for half an hour - so for that price tourists would be expected to get whatever song they ask for. [PAR] However Venice city councillor Alberto Mazzonetto, who is also a member of the ultra nationalist anti immigration Northern League party, said: 'Most of the songs sung by gondoliers come from southern Italy. [PAR] 'This is detrimental to tourists as it presents a distorted image of the city of Venice as some kind of new Disneyland, which has little to do with the place. [PAR] 'I'm not blaming the gondoliers it's not their fault but the instead I blame the Gondola Authority - they get 600,000 Euro a year from the council and they do have the power to do something. [PAR] 'They can tell gondoliers what to wear and what not to wear - for instance they are not allowed to wear trainers and there is a disciplinary code so they could tell them to sing more Venetian songs. [PAR] 'It is an insult to our heritage and a real punch to the stomach to have Venetian gondoliers singing songs from southern Italy.' [PAR] Tradition: Lines of gondolas on the canals of Venice. A Venetian councillor has said gondoliers sing too many songs from southern Italy [PAR] The Northern League also has a dislike of southern Italy as well as immigrants. [PAR] Mr Mazzonetto added that he had heard reports that some gondoliers had been refusing to sing songs from southern Italy but pointed out that at the end of the day the customer was paying so if they insisted there was nothing that could be done. [PAR] However singer-songwriter Nino D'Angelo, who is from Naples, defended the southern Italian songs and said: 'O Sole Mio is a famous Neapolitan song that's known all over the world. [PAR] 'It's one of the most beautiful songs and I don't believe anyone has forced gondoliers to sing it. [PAR] 'On the contrary, I think tourists request it - it's not just a Neapolitan song but a world anthem.' [PAR] Aldo Reato, president of the Association of Venice Gondola Rowers , said: 'We try to open and close the gondola ride with a Venetian song but the problem is tourists only know O Sole Mio. They don't know any others.'"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daiquiri Cocktail Recipe - Liquor.com Daiquiri Cocktail Recipe [PAR] You must be logged in to post a comment. [PAR] Adding comment \u2026 [PAR] dannynannady2007.2b626c1 posted 10 months ago [PAR] I usually enjoy the videos with Dushan, but FREE POURING a daiquiri???? You gotta be out of your mind... [PAR] johndixon548gmailcom1017305228 posted 1 year ago [PAR] I made this tonight with Pusser's British Navy Rum and Rose's Lime Juice. Very citrusy until I added an additional .5 oz (ish) of rum. Refreshing! [PAR] cholo7 posted 2 years ago [PAR] I thought the classic is supposed to be with light rum?? [PAR] CocktailSeb posted 2 years ago [PAR] Dark Rum?!?!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Culinary Dictionary - B, Food Dictionary, Whats Cooking ... Culinary Dictionary - B, Food Dictionary, Whats Cooking America [PAR] Culinary Dictionary [PAR] Linda\u2019s Culinary Dictionary \u2013 B [PAR] A Dictionary of Cooking, Food, and Beverage Terms [PAR] [PAR] An outstanding and large culinary dictionary and glossary that includes the definitions and history of cooking, food, and beverage terms. [PAR] Please click on a letter below to alphabetically search the many food and cooking terms: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] baba (BAH-bah) \u2013 Baba is called babka in Poland and Babas Au Rhum in France. In French, the word baba meaning, \u201cfalling over or dizzy.\u201d These are small cakes made from yeast dough containing raisins or currants. They are baked in cylindrical molds and then soaked with sugar syrup usually flavored with rum (originally they were soaked in a sweet fortified wine). After these cakes were soaked in the wine sauce for a day, the dried fruits would fall out of them. [PAR] Baba Au Rhum \u2013 In the 18th century, French chef, Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1755-1826),created a cake that he served with a rum sauce that he called Baba Au Savarin. The dessert became very popular in France, but the people called it Baba Au Rhum and soon dropped the name Savarin. [PAR] History: For a history of Baba and Baba Au Rhum, check out Linda Stradley\u2019s History of Cakes . [PAR] [PAR] bacon \u2013 Bacon comes from the fatty parts of the pig, especially the sides. The most desirable bacon is cut from the breast of the hog. It is cured with either sugar or salt, which gives it a sweet or salty taste. [PAR] History: Bacon has played a prominent role in the history of superstition. It was considered a sacred food by the pagans and was regarded as a symbol of prosperity. It was frequently used as an offering to the Gods, and was believed to have curative properties. If a knife, which caused a wound, was stuck into bacon afterwards, it was supposed to prevent infection. [PAR] [PAR] bagel (BAY-guhl) \u2013 Bagel derives from the Yiddish word beygl, which comes from the German word beugel meaning a \u201cbracelet.\u201d Bagels are bread rolls in the shape of a doughnut or an old-fashioned curtain ring. The brown crust is obtained on the rolls by first boiling them in water and then baking them in an oven. [PAR] History: According to legend, the world\u2019s first bagel was produced in 1683 as a tribute to Jan Sobieski, King of Poland. The king, a renowned horseman, had just saved the people of Austria from an onslaught by Turkish invaders. In gratitude, a local baker shaped yeast dough into the shape of stirrup to honor him and called it the Austrian word for stirrup, \u201cbeugel.\u201d The roll soon became a hit throughout Eastern Europe. [PAR] Over time, its shape evolved into a circle with a hole in the center and its named was converted to its modern form, bagel. In the 1880s, hundreds of thousands of Eastern European Jews immigrated to America, bringing with them a love for bagels. In 1927, Polish baker Harry Lender opened the first bagel plant outside New York City in New Haven, Conn. The bagel\u2019s popularity began to spread in the United States. [PAR] [PAR] bagna cauda (BAHN-yah KOW-dah) \u2013 Bagna Cauda is an Italian term that means \u201chot Bath.\u201d It is like a Swiss fondue except that it has a much more boisterous flavor. The original recipe called for walnut oil, but olive oil is now used and is considered the key to a successful"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 1 April Questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 1 April Questions [PAR] Macclesfield Pub Quiz League [PAR] 1 April Questions [PAR] Specialist set by TheLamb [PAR] (please note that although these are all the questions, the subjects are not in the order in which they were asked) [PAR] SPORT [PAR] 01. Q. Which Irn-Bru Scottish League team recently became the first British football team [PAR] to be promoted in the current 2007/2008 season ? [PAR] A. EAST FIFE (Division 3 Champions) [PAR] 02. Q. On what date is the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games ? [PAR] A. 8th AUGUST (08.08.08) [PAR] 03. Q. At which course will the 2008 (British) Open Golf Championship take place ? [PAR] A. ROYAL BIRKDALE [PAR] 04. Q. Who trained the first, second and third placed horses in the 2008 Cheltenham Gold [PAR] Cup ? [PAR] 05. Q. At which weight is boxer Joe Calzaghe considered to be the undisputed World [PAR] Champion ? [PAR] 06. Q. In which park is the Melbourne Australian Formula 1 motor racing circuit situated ? [PAR] A. ALBERT PARK [PAR] 07. Q. Dwain Chambers was banned by UK Athletics in 2004 for the mis-use of which [PAR] anabolic steroid ? [PAR] 08. Q. England fly-half Johnny Wilkinson was replaced in the starting line-up for the final [PAR] 2008 Rugby 6 Nations test against Ireland by whom ? [PAR] A. DANNY CIPRIANI [PAR] (a) Q. What colour jacket is worn by the No. 1 dog in greyhound racing ? [PAR] A. RED [PAR] (b) Q. Which British girl gymnast became European and World Champion on Bars in 2006? [PAR] A. BETH TWEDDLE [PAR] (c) Q. In the recent Test Cricket series in New Zealand who was the first England batsman [PAR] to score a century ? [PAR] A. TIM AMBROSE [PAR] QUOTATIONS [PAR] 01. Q. Which author said \u201cIn the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king\u201d ? [PAR] A. H. G. WELLS [PAR] 02. Q. Who said of Lord Byron \u201cHe is mad, bad and dangerous to know\u201d ? [PAR] A. LADY CAROLINE LAMB [PAR] 03. Q. Which American poet, famous for her wisecracks, said \u201cMen seldom make [PAR] passes at girls who wear glasses\u201d ? [PAR] A. DOROTHY PARKER [PAR] 04. Q. Which former Prime Minister said, in 1921 \u201cLove your neighbour is not [PAR] merely sound Christianity, it\u2019s good business\u201d ? [PAR] A. DAVID LLOYD GEORGE [PAR] 05. Q. Which Conservative politician said, in 1974 \u201cHarold Wilson is going around [PAR] the country stirring up apathy\u201d ? [PAR] A. WILLIAM WHITELAW [PAR] 06. Q. Which inventor said \u201cGenius is one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per [PAR] cent perspiration\u201d ? [PAR] 07. Q. Which early American politician and author said \u201cIn this world nothing can [PAR] be said to be certain, except death and taxes\u201d ? [PAR] A. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN [PAR] 08. Q. Which former US President said \u201cI have left orders to be awakened at any [PAR] time in case of national emergency, even if I\u2019m in a cabinet meeting\u201d ? [PAR] A. RONALD REAGAN [PAR] (a) Q. Who or what did Oscar Wilde describe as \u201cThe unspeakable in full pursuit [PAR] of the uneatable\u201d ? [PAR] A. FOX HUNTERS [PAR] (b) Q. Who said \u201cI never forget a face, but in your case I\u2019ll make an exception\u201d ? [PAR] A. GROUCHO MARX [PAR] (c) Q. Who said \u201cThis case has had full analyzation and has been looked at a lot\u201d ? [PAR] A. GEORGE W. BUSH [PAR] THE MUSIC ROUND [PAR] For all you lovers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pennsylvania Center for the Book - Big Mac The Pennsylvania Center for the Book - Big Mac [PAR] A Meal Disguised as a Sandwich: The Big Mac [PAR] By Jamie Fox, Fall 2009 [PAR] Alan Jalowitz [PAR] Two all-beef patties special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun. [PAR] Click on any picture in this story to see its full version, as well as in the gallery at the bottom of the page. [PAR] A hamburger built of two 1.6oz beef patties, special \u201cMac\u201d sauce (akin to Thousand Island dressing), iceberg lettuce, American cheese, pickles, and onions, all served on a three-part sesame seed bun, sounds more like a day\u2019s worth of food than a single sandwich. From modest beginnings as an early McDonald\u2019s franchise owner in the 1960s, Jim Delligatti used persistence and innovation to develop the Big Mac, which first sold for 45 cents. The sandwich was originally test-run in a dozen Delligatti McDonald\u2019s stores around Pittsburgh before being added to the national McDonald\u2019s menu in 1968. The Big Mac is now sold internationally and is one of the company\u2019s signature products. [PAR] Michael James Delligatti was born in Uniontown, Fayette County in 1918. Delligatti\u2019s father\u2019s job forced the family to move frequently. He never went to college and started his career working for Isaly\u2019s Dairy, a chain of family-owned dairies and restaurants, in the 1950s. By the mid-50s, Delligatti wanted to open his own restaurant and decided to attend a restaurant show in Chicago in 1956. At the show, a McDonald\u2019s booth caught Delligatti\u2019s attention and led to an invitation to a McDonald\u2019s that had just opened in Illinois. Delligatti discovered if he went with McDonald\u2019s, the money he\u2019d save on paper goods purchased through the company would pay for his franchise fee. [PAR] Alan Jalowitz [PAR] Jim Delligatti with a Big Mac as seen in a picture at the Big Mac Museum. [PAR] In 1957, Jim Delligatti opened his first McDonald\u2019s on McKnight Road in the North Hills area of Pittsburgh. He was one of McDonald\u2019s earliest franchise owners; by the 1960s, he was operating a dozen stores in the Pittsburgh area. Delligatti had an exclusive territorial franchise for metropolitan Pittsburgh but was struggling with sub-par store volumes. He decided that the only way to broaden his customer base and increase sales was to add to the McDonald\u2019s menu. [PAR] For the next few years, Jim Delligatti spent time and energy to create a new product for the McDonald\u2019s menu. Delligatti used every opportunity to partner with other multi-store franchise owners and McDonald\u2019s top managers and discuss the need to improve the menu to gain sales through a new target market. Delligatti\u2019s eventual idea was to combine two-all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, and onions on a sesame seed bun. The special sauce recipe remains a secret, but it is recognized as a variant of Thousand Island dressing. Original names for the burger included \u201cAristocrat\u201d and \u201cBlue Ribbon Burger.\u201d The name \u201cBig Mac\u201d was created by Esther Glickstein Rose, a 21-year-old Advertising Secretary who worked at McDonald\u2019s Corporate office in Chicago. [PAR] Delligatti\u2019s sandwich idea was not wholly his own, however. Bob Wian, the founder of the Big Boy drive-in chain, virtually built his entire franchise around a double-decker sandwich. Delligatti was introduced to this type of sandwich when he managed a Big Boy drive-in in the early 1950s in southern California. When Delligatti started looking for new menu items Wian\u2019s Big Boy sandwich quickly came to mind. Delligatti said that inventing the Big Mac \u201cwasn\u2019t like discovering"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars Facts: 25 Things You (Probably) Don't Know About ... Oscars Facts: 25 Things You (Probably) Don't Know About the Academy Awards | Moviefone [PAR] Oscars Facts: 25 Things You (Probably) Don't Know About the Academy Awards [PAR] by Phil Pirrello [PAR] It's almost here -- the 88th Academy Awards finally airs this Sunday, and we're counting down the minutes. [PAR] We've already given you our Oscar predictions , and now we're bringing you some of the best (and, um, craziest) facts about Hollywood's biggest awards show. From the first Best Actor winner, to the \"one dollar\" Oscar rule, here are 25 things you (probably) don't know about the Oscars. [PAR] 1. The youngest Oscar winner was Tatum O'Neal (above), who won Best Supporting Actress for \" Paper Moon \" (1973) when she was only 10 years old. Shirley Temple won the short-lived Juvenile Award at 6 years old. [PAR] 2. After winning Best Actress for \" Cabaret \" (1972), Liza Minnelli became (and still is) the only Oscar winner whose parents both earned Oscars. Her mother, Judy Garland , received an honorary award in 1939 and her father, Vincente Minnelli , won Best Director for \" Gigi \" (1958). [PAR] 3. Nameplates for all potential winners are prepared ahead of time; in 2014, the Academy made 215 of them! [PAR] 4. The first Academy Awards were presented in 1929 at a private dinner of about 270 people. It was first televised in 1953, and now the Oscars ceremony can be seen in more than 200 countries. [PAR] 5. Only three women have received Best Director nominations, while Kathryn Bigelow is the lone winner for \" The Hurt Locker \" (2009). Interestingly, Bigelow beat out ex-husband James Cameron , who was nominated for the technological wonder \" Avatar .\" [PAR] 6. At 82, Christopher Plummer (above) became the oldest person to win an Academy Award. He received the Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his work in \" Beginners \" (2010) opposite Ewan McGregor . [PAR] 7. Peter Finch (\" Network \") and Heath Ledger (\" The Dark Knight \") are the only actors to be awarded an Academy Award posthumously. Ledger's Oscar -- and his entire fortune -- was gifted to his young daughter, Matilda. [PAR] 8. With her nomination last year for \" Into the Woods ,\" Meryl Streep has been nominated a record 19 times. She has won three Best Actress Oscars -- the last for \" The Iron Lady \" (2011). [PAR] 9. Katharine Hepburn won a record four Academy Awards -- all Best Actress Oscars -- the last for \" On Golden Pond \" (1981), which starred another Hollywood legend, Henry Fonda . [PAR] 10. The first Oscars were held at the famous Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. Today, the ceremony takes place at the Dolby Theatre (around the corner from the Roosevelt), its tenth venue over the decades. [PAR] 11. Jack Nicholson (above) is the most-nominated male actor, receiving 12 Oscar nominations beginning with 1969's \" Easy Rider .\" His three wins tie him with Walter Brennan and Daniel Day-Lewis . [PAR] 12. Oscar statuettes are technically property of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. As a result, before an Academy Award winner or his estate can sell his Oscar, he must first offer to sell it to the Academy first for one dollar (yes, one dollar). This, of course, is to discourage winners from selling the award for financial gain. Oscars awarded before 1950, however, are not bound by this agreement. In 2011, Orson Welles ' 1941 Oscar for \" Citizen Kane"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2006 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 2006 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Monster House (2006) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] FOREST WHITAKER in \"The Last King of Scotland,\" Leonardo DiCaprio in \"Blood Diamond,\" Ryan Gosling in \"Half Nelson,\" Peter O'Toole in \"Venus,\" Will Smith in \"The Pursuit of Happyness\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] HELEN MIRREN in \"The Queen,\" Penelope Cruz in \"Volver,\" Judi Dench in \"Notes on a Scandal,\" Meryl Streep in \"The Devil Wears Prada,\" Kate Winslet in \"Little Children\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] ALAN ARKIN in \"Little Miss Sunshine,\" Jackie Earle Haley in \"Little Children,\" Djimon Honsou in \"Blood Diamond,\" Eddie Murphy in \"Dreamgirls,\" Mark Wahlberg in \"The Departed\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] JENNIFER HUDSON in \"Dreamgirls,\" Adriana Barraza in \"Babel,\" Cate Blanchett in \"Notes on a Scandal,\" Abigail Breslin in \"Little Miss Sunshine,\" Rinko Kikuchi in \"Babel\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] MARTIN SCORSESE for \"The Departed,\" Clint Eastwood for \"Letters From Iwo Jima,\" Stephen Frears for \"The Queen,\" Paul Greengrass for \"United 93,\" Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu for \"Babel\" [PAR] The 2006 nominees continued Hollywood's trend of nominating relatively low-to-modestly budgeted films with ensemble casts and personal subjects, again eschewing big budgeted Hollywood studio epics, though in this year, three of the Best Picture-nominated films were at least partially bankrolled by a major studio. Three of the five films were released by specialty divisions, while director Clint Eastwood's Letters From Iwo Jima was able to be made by a studio, using his reputation to get financing for its narrowly-appealing content. [PAR] It was one of the most diverse and international rosters of nominees and winners in recent Academy history. The five films that were nominated for Best Picture had a total of only 26 nominations -- the fewest since 1932/1933 (when 10 films were nominated for the top prize but there were fewer awards categories). No single film received nominations in more than six categories. And the Oscar wins were spread out over numerous films - many received either one or two awards. [PAR] As with last year, there was a perceived backlash against flashy, \"popcorn\" Best Picture nominees and winners. Mega-budget, special effects-heavy box-office blockbusters that received minimal nominations included: [PAR] Gore Verbinski's Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (4 technical nominations, with a sole Oscar win for Best Visual Effects), one of the fastest grossing films in history, reaching $100M and $200M box office dollars in record time, and grossing over $1B worldwide, as the second part of a planned trilogy [PAR] Brett Ratner's X-Men: The Last Stand (no nominations), the third film in the series, grossing box-office of about $460 worldwide [PAR] Ron Howard's The Da Vinci Code (no nominations), which grossed over $750M worldwide despite savage reviews [PAR] Superman Returns (one nomination for Best Visual Effects), the fifth in the series, directed by former X-Men director Bryan Singer and a total worldwide box-office of almost $400M [PAR] Martin Campbell's Casino Royale (no nominations), the exciting 007 \"reboot\" starring Daniel Craig as the new James Bond, which grossed about $550M worldwide [PAR] J.J. Abrams' Mission Impossible III (no nominations), starring and produced by Tom Cruise, which earned nearly $400M worldwide despite negative reviews and bad word-of-mouth; Cruise would later be fired by Paramount due to diminishing box office returns and personal instability [PAR] Michael Mann's Miami Vice (no nominations), a resounding flop [PAR] Wolfgang Petersen's Poseidon (one nomination for Best Visual Effects), another major dud [PAR] The Best Picture category was an interesting mix of ethnically and linguistically diverse films -- in two of the films, English was a second language. [Note: The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1981 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1981 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Reds (1981) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] HENRY FONDA in \"On Golden Pond\", Warren Beatty in \"Reds\", Burt Lancaster in \"Atlantic City\", Dudley Moore in \"Arthur\", Paul Newman in \"Absence of Malice\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] KATHARINE HEPBURN in \"On Golden Pond\", Diane Keaton in \"Reds\", Marsha Mason in \"Only When I Laugh\", Susan Sarandon in \"Atlantic City\", Meryl Streep in \"The French Lieutenant's Woman\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] JOHN GIELGUD in \"Arthur\", James Coco in \"Only When I Laugh\", Ian Holm in \"Chariots of Fire\", Jack Nicholson in \"Reds\", Howard E. Rollins, Jr. in \"Ragtime\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] MAUREEN STAPLETON in \"Reds\", Melinda Dillon in \"Absence of Malice\", Jane Fonda in \"On Golden Pond\", Joan Hackett in \"Only When I Laugh\", Elizabeth McGovern in \"Ragtime\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] WARREN BEATTY for \"Reds\", Hugh Hudson for \"Chariots of Fire\", Louis Malle for \"Atlantic City\", Mark Rydell for \"On Golden Pond\", Steven Spielberg for \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" [PAR] The Best Picture winner this year was a surprise and major upset win for British producer David Puttnam's low-budget Chariots of Fire, directed by Hugh Hudson, with seven nominations and four wins. It also took top honors for Best Screenplay (Colin Welland), Best Original Score (Vangelis' rich electronic, throbbing score, especially during the iconic opening credits sequence) and Best Costume Design. [PAR] The win signaled the start of another mini-British renaissance of film awards for this year and the next - with Gandhi (1982) soon breaking all British film Oscar records. (It had been 13 years since another British-made film had won Best Picture, Oliver! (1968)) Chariots of Fire was also the second sports film to win Best Picture (the first was Rocky (1976) ). It also marked the first of four biopics to win the top award during the 80s, joining Gandhi (1982), Amadeus (1984), and The Last Emperor (1987). [PAR] Of the top five competitors for Best Picture, two were historical epics, two were about senior-citizens, and one was a throwback to the action/adventure films of the past: [PAR] Chariots of Fire was the inspirational story of the 1924 Olympics running event in Paris and the motivations of two of Britain's runners, Cambridge University students - English Jew Harold Abrahams (Ben Cross) and Scottish Christian missionary Eric Liddell (Ian Charleson). The film, which contained an anti-Semitism subplot, soon became the most-successful foreign film in US box-office history [PAR] Warren Beatty's $35 million, three-hour long American epic masterpiece and front-runner in the competition, Reds (with twelve nominations and three wins) including Best Director (Warren Beatty), Best Supporting Actress (Maureen Stapleton), and Best Cinematography (Vittorio Storaro, the winner of the same award for [PAR] Apocalypse Now (1979) .) Reds was the film biography of American communist and romantic figure John Reed, a left-wing radical journalist and author of Ten Days That Shook the World, who journeyed from Oregon to Greenwich Village and then to Russia to cover first-hand the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution on the streets of Petrograd [PAR] [Beatty received simultaneous nominations as producer, director, co-writer (with English dramatist Trevor Griffiths), and star actor for the film. Only one other director, Orson Welles, had accomplished such a feat (for [PAR] Citizen Kane (1941) ). Beatty was repeating his acquisition of quadruple nominations - his earlier film Heaven Can Wait (1978) had earned him the same distinction.] [PAR] director Mark Rydell's favored, all-star family drama On Golden Pond (with ten nominations and three wins), a screen adaptation of Ernest Thompson's play about the members of the Thayer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Actors with the most Academy Awards Nominations Of History ... Actors with the most Academy Awards Nominations Of History in the Oscars [PAR] Jack Nicholson in Easy Rider (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1969) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in Five Easy Pieces (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1970) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in The Last Detail (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1973) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in Chinatown (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1974) [PAR] JACK NICHOLSON in ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1975) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in Reds (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1981) [PAR] JACK NICHOLSON in TERMS OF ENDEARMENT (Best Actor in Supporting Role Academy Award Winner in 1983) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in Prizzi's Honor (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1985) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in Ironweed (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1987) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in A Few Good Men (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1992) [PAR] JACK NICHOLSON in AS GOOD AS IT GETS (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1997) [PAR] Jack Nicholson in About Schmidt (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 2002) [PAR] 10 [PAR] Laurence Olivier in Wuthering Heights (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1939) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in Rebecca (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1940) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in Henry V (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1946) [PAR] LAURENCE OLIVIER in HAMLET (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1948) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in Richard III (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1956) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in The Entertainer (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1960) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in Othello (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1965) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in Sleuth (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1972) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in Marathon Man (Best Actor in Supporting Role Oscar Nomination in 1976) [PAR] Laurence Olivier in The Boys From Brazil (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1978) [PAR] 9 [PAR] Spencer Tracy in San Francisco (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1936) [PAR] SPENCER TRACY in CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1937) [PAR] SPENCER TRACY in BOYS TOWN (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1938) [PAR] Spencer Tracy in Father of the Bride (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1950) [PAR] Spencer Tracy in Bad Day at Black Rock (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1955) [PAR] Spencer Tracy in The Old Man and the Sea (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1958) [PAR] Spencer Tracy in Inherit the Wind (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1960) [PAR] Spencer Tracy in Judgment at Nuremberg (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1961) [PAR] Spencer Tracy in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1967) [PAR] Paul Newman (1 Oscar) [PAR] Paul Newman in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1958) [PAR] Paul Newman in The Hustler (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1961) [PAR] Paul Newman in Hud (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1963) [PAR] Paul Newman in Cool Hand Luke (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1967) [PAR] Paul Newman in Absence of Malice (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1981) [PAR] Paul Newman in The Verdict (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1982) [PAR] PAUL NEWMAN in THE COLOR OF MONEY (Best Actor Academy Award Winner in 1986) [PAR] Paul Newman in Nobody's Fool (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1994) [PAR] Paul Newman in Road to Perdition (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 2002) [PAR] 8 [PAR] Marlon Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1951) [PAR] Marlon Brando in Viva Zapata! (Best Actor Oscar Nomination in 1952) [PAR] Marlon Brando in Julius Caesar (Best Actor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Common Street Names In The UK | The Fact Site Most Common Street Names In The UK | The Fact Site [PAR] Most Common Street Names In The UK [PAR] Home \u00bb Travel & Tourism \u00bbMost Common Street Names In The UK [PAR] Most Common Street Names In The UK [PAR] So, I was on a one hour bus journey today, it was rather boring, so I decided to look for funny street names. Whilst looking, I saw three roads called Church Road, which made me wonder what the most common road name is. [PAR] So here goes! Here\u2019s a list of the UK\u2019s 50 most popular street names. [PAR] High Street [PAR] Chester Road [PAR] Mill Road [PAR] One street name I\u2019d like to see would be one called \u2018The Road\u2019, I\u2019m pretty sure there is one, but I\u2019ve never seen one, if you live near \u2018The Road\u2019 please take a pic and let me know! [PAR] Luke Ward is the founder of The Fact Site. He's a professional blogger & researcher with over 6 years experience in fact finding, SEO, web design & other internet wizardry. He loves to write about celebs, gaming, film & TV. [PAR] Hernandez [PAR] I am really happy that i have been cured from (HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS) with the herbal medicine of Dr Ighodalo, i have been suffering from this disease for the past 2 years without solution until i came across the email of this doctor who have cure so many people with his herbal medicine, i also choose to give him a chance to help me, he told me what to do and i kindly did it, and he gave me his herbal medicine and direct me on how to use it, i also follow his instructions for use and he ask us to go for a check up after 1 week and 4days which i did, to my greatest surprise my result came out as negative, i am really happy that there is someone like doctor Ighodalo who is ready to help anytime any day. To all the readers and viewers that is doubting this testimony stop doubting it and contact this doctor if you really have one and see if he will not actually help you. i am not a stupid woman that i will come out to the public and start saying what someone have not done for me and i know that there are some people out there who are really suffering and hurting their family just because of these diseases here is his contact: [email protected] [PAR] he also told me that he has cure for these diseases listed below [PAR] . HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS [PAR] . GET YOUR EX BACK AND MAKE SHE/HIM LOVE YOU MORE [PAR] . CANCER [PAR] There are more funny/strange streets names in uk like Back Action Street in Manchester, Grope Lane, swan lane etc., [PAR] Anonymous [PAR] My fave street name is in York \u2013 Whip-Ma-Whop-Ma-Gate. You can\u2019t make that up!!!! [PAR] Rich [PAR] Here\u2019s one: Coldharbour Lane. [PAR] Anonymous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birmingham Canal Navigations | Canal & River Trust Birmingham Canal Navigations | Canal & River Trust [PAR] Find events and activities within [PAR] miles of [PAR] It is one of the most intricate canal networks in the world. The hub of the BCN is the bustling city centre junction at Gas Street Basin . Here, colourful boats and historic canal architecture sit side-by-side with vibrant modern restaurants, cafes and bars. The basin is in the heart of Birmingham\u2019s cosmopolitan nightlife and shopping districts. The mainlines and city centre canals are busy with boaters, walkers and cyclists. [PAR] However, elsewhere on the BCN, you can really get away from it all on winding suburban canals and some surprisingly rural branches. In the northern waters of the BCN, there are some rarely-explored waterways that are truly off the beaten track. [PAR] The canals were the life-blood of Victorian Birmingham and the Black Country. At their height, they were so busy that gas lighting was installed beside the locks to permit round-the-clock operation. Boats were built without cabins for maximum carrying capacity, and a near-tidal effect was produced as swarms of narrowboats converged on the Black Country collieries at the same time every day."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK Number One Songs of the 70s - Squidoo - HubPages UK Number One Songs of the 70s [PAR] UK Number One Songs of the 70s [PAR] Updated on November 15, 2015 [PAR] Source [PAR] The 1970s Number One Songs on Video [PAR] 1970s popular music in the UK proved that variety is the spice of life, and the Number One hit songs of the decade reflect this phenomenon. [PAR] From 1970 onwards, the music scene in Britain changed dramatically and a myriad of musical styles reinforced the varying tastes of the average record buyer. Some of the most popular styles that took the British charts by storm were Glam Rock at the beginning of the decade, progressing to Disco and Punk Rock towards the end. In between saw novelty records, the progression of the rock single and the continuing evolution of teen pop, represented by the likes of David Cassidy, Donny Osmond and the Bay City Rollers. [PAR] Most of these styles and artists were very popular for a time, and their records sold by the shed load. To see the musical changes across the decade is a fascinating exercise, and so this page brings together all the Number One hits from the UK in a video package, together with some short comments regarding each one. [PAR] The source for this compilation is the Record Retailer/Music Week chart, which was broadcast by the BBC each Sunday evening. [PAR] Source [PAR] Matthews' Southern Comfort [PAR] UK Number One Hits of 1970 [PAR] 31st Jan (5 weeks) Edison Lighthouse - Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes): Only ever UK Number One for this studio act. Lead singer Tony Burrows also sang on hits for many other groups. [PAR] 7th Mar (3 weeks) Lee Marvin - Wandrin' Star: Only UK Number One for this actor with a song from the film Paint Your Wagon. [PAR] 28th Mar (3 weeks) Simon & Garfunkel - Bridge Over Troubled Water: Surprisingly, the duo's only ever UK Number One. Only Art Garfunkel sings on this classic, but Paul Simon went on to greater solo success, even though he never had a UK Number One again, while Garfunkel did. [PAR] 18th Apr (2 weeks) Dana - All Kinds Of Everything: First Eurovision Song Contest winner for Ireland. Her chart career was short-lived and this was her only UK Number One. [PAR] 2nd May (2 weeks) Norman Greenbaum - Spirit In The Sky: Only ever UK Number One for Greenbaum with a self-penned song. Doctor & The Medics took the track to Number One again in 1986. [PAR] 16th May (3 weeks) England World Cup Squad - Back Home: Mexico World Cup Football sing-along by the 1970 England team. [PAR] 6th Jun (1 week) Christie - Yellow River: Only ever UK Number One for Jeff Christie with a song he wrote for the Tremeloes. They turned it down, so he recorded it himself. [PAR] 13th Jun (7 weeks) Mungo Jerry - In The Summertime: First UK Number One for this group led by Ray Dorset. [PAR] 1st Aug (6 weeks) Elvis Presley - The Wonder Of You: Elvis revived his career in Las Vegas and this was a live recording from his show. At this point, he was only one behind the Beatles as this was his 16th UK Number One. [PAR] 12th Sep (1 week) Smokey Robinson & The Miracles - Tears Of A Clown: First UK Number One for Motown singer Smokey Robinson who would have to wait another 11 years before hitting the top spot again. [PAR] 19th Sep (6 weeks) Freda Payne"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Loch Ness | lake, Scotland, United Kingdom | Britannica.com Loch Ness | lake, Scotland, United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] lake, Scotland, United Kingdom [PAR] Kings and Queens of Britain [PAR] Loch Ness, lake , lying in the Highland council area, Scotland . With a depth of 788 feet (240 metres) and a length of about 23 miles (36 km), Loch Ness has the largest volume of fresh water in Great Britain. It lies in the Glen Mor \u2014or Great Glen, which bisects the Highlands\u2014and forms part of the system of waterways across Scotland that civil engineer Thomas Telford linked by means of the Caledonian Canal (opened 1822). [PAR] Loch Ness, in the Highlands of Scotland. At the head of the loch is the monastery at Fort Augustus. [PAR] A.F. Kersting [PAR] The watershed of Loch Ness covers more than 700 square miles (1,800 square km) and comprises several rivers, including the Oich and the Enrick. Its outlet is the River Ness, which flows into the Moray Firth at Inverness . Seiches (surface oscillations), caused by differential heating, are common on the loch. The sharp rise and fall of the level of the loch is one reason for the scanty flora of the waters; another reason is the great depths of the loch near the shoreline. The abyssal fauna is also sparse. [PAR] Urquhart Castle overlooking Loch Ness, Scotland. [PAR] Bethune Carmichael\u2014Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images [PAR] Like some other very deep lochs in Scotland and Scandinavia, Loch Ness is said to be inhabited by an aquatic monster. Many sightings of the so-called Loch Ness monster have been reported, and the possibility of its existence\u2014perhaps in the form of a solitary survivor of the long-extinct plesiosaurs\u2014continues to intrigue many. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Little Britain I'm the only gay in the village part 1 ... Little Britain I'm the only gay in the village part 1 - YouTube [PAR] Little Britain I'm the only gay in the village part 1 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 27, 2008 [PAR] Little extraction from Little Britain, first series. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which is the world's biggest employer? - BBC News Which is the world's biggest employer? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Which is the world's biggest employer? [PAR] By Ruth Alexander BBC News [PAR] 20 March 2012 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] The National Health Service (NHS) in England is at the centre of a big political row about its reform. It's often said to be the third biggest employer in the world, after the Chinese army and Indian Railways. But is that really true? [PAR] It's an incredible claim, given how much smaller the UK is than China or India. [PAR] And indeed, it is not true. [PAR] Sizing up the world's biggest employers and compiling a list of the top 10, the NHS is revealed to be the fifth largest, with 1.7 million workers across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. [PAR] McDonald's makes it into fourth position, with 1.9 million employees. However, 80% of the restaurants are franchises so, strictly speaking, 1.5 million of these people are employed by other companies, although they all wear the uniform. [PAR] More or Less: Behind the stats [PAR] Listen to More or Less on BBC Radio 4 and the World Service, or download the free podcast [PAR] Third is the US supermarket chain Walmart, which employs 2.1 million staff - including almost 200,000 who work for the Asda supermarket chain in the UK. [PAR] Second place goes to the Chinese military - the People's Liberation Army (PLA) - with forces numbering 2.3 million. [PAR] And the top spot is taken by the US Department of Defense with a cool 3.2 million-strong workforce. [PAR] Why is it so big - and so much bigger than the second-placed Chinese military? [PAR] In truth, making these comparisons is fraught with difficulties. [PAR] The US Defense Department, with its headquarters at the vast Pentagon building in Virginia, is keen to boast that it's one of the world's largest employers and includes civilian support staff in its numbers. [PAR] Image caption The Pentagon is said to be the largest office building in the world [PAR] Getting a comparable figure for the Chinese military is near impossible. [PAR] The figure of 2.3 million which puts it at second place in our list includes active forces only - not civilian staff, like the US figure. [PAR] And that actually makes it the largest active military force in the world, according to Military Balance, an annual assessment of military capabilities around the world published by the International Institute for Strategic Studies in the UK. [PAR] If you were to count only active forces within the US Department of Defense, it would number 1.6 million people and slip to seventh place in our list. [PAR] If numbers for its civilian staff were known, it is possible the Chinese could come much closer to the US, and maybe even overtake them. [PAR] But it is not a straightforward exercise even to separate who is civilian and who is military personnel - the two forces are structured and organised completely differently. [PAR] \"There are a number of organisations within militaries - you have active forces, reserve forces, civilians, and also those that might be working as contractors - so it depends really what you're trying to count when you look at headline numbers,\" says James Hackett, the editor of Military Balance. [PAR] \"What we try and do is look at active service personnel, so those in uniform who are capable of operating on behalf of the state to fulfil the national security concerns"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Smallfilms Treasury The Smallfilms Treasury [PAR] The Smallfilms Treasury [PAR] Help - If you have any Smallfilms material, please mail me [PAR] [PAR] Once upon a time, not so long ago, there were two overgrown boys called Oliver and Peter. [PAR] And Peter lived on a farm. [PAR] It was a rather unusual farm because it didn't grow any crops and there were no sheep or cows, but it was the home of Ivor the Engine, Noggin the Nog, the Clangers and of course Bagpuss. [PAR] And there they made the most beautiful, the most brilliant, funny old Small Films in the whole wide world or so we like to think. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Dragons' Friendly Society [PAR] A new society has been formed to help maintain and promote the wealth of works produced Smallfilms. Named after the society of dragons in the saga of Noggin the Nog, their first act is to produce a new set of Noggin material - a video, a book and a set of postcards. [PAR] Visit them at the Dragons' Friendly Society site [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Noggin the Nog [PAR] In the Lands of the North, where the black rocks stand guard against the cold sea, in the dark night that is very long, the men of the Northlands sit by their great log fires and they tell a tale... [PAR] So began each of the Sagas of Noggin the Nog, in which the crown of Noggin, Prince of the Nogs is sought by his wicked uncle Nogbad the Bad who devises evil plots to threaten the safety of the kingdom, and sometimes the world, in order to force Noggin to give up his crown. In each saga Nogbad pursues his plot to the very brink of success, but at the last moment his purposes are foiled by some unexpected piece of luck, cleverness or lack of attention on the part of the Nogs. [PAR] [PAR] Ivor the Engine [PAR] Not very long ago, in the top left-hand corner of Wales, there was a railway. It wasn't a very long railway or a very important railway, but it was called The Merioneth and Llantisilly Rail Traction Company Limited, and it was all there was. [PAR] And in a shed, in a siding at the end of the railway, lives the Locomotive of the Merioneth and Llantisilly Rail Traction Company Limited, which was a long name for a little engine so his friends just called him Ivor. [PAR] So began, in 1959, the first episode of the first series of a set of television films which were to become part of the mainstream of Children's television for the next thirty years. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Once upon a time, Not so long ago, there was a little girl and her name was Emily. And she had a shop. [PAR] It was a rather unusual shop because it didn't sell anything. [PAR] You see, everything in that shop was a thing that somebody had once lost, and Emily had found, and brought home to Bagpuss. [PAR] Emily's cat Bagpuss. [PAR] If you want more in depth analysis/codswallop, you should head for Jill's Sociopolitical Analysis and the Bagpuss FAQ , and you can also pose questions to the world's best educated bookend when you Ask Yaffle . [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Everyone remembers the Clangers, the whistling knitted animals that lived on a small moon. [PAR] They lived a peaceful life, salvaging junk from space to build machines, and making friends with all the strange creatures that came to visit them. [PAR] If you're really"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Road Facts and Figures - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki Road Facts and Figures - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki [PAR] Road Facts and Figures [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] This page is an attempt to provide details of the longest, highest, etc. classified roads in the British Isles. References to 'Great Britain' below exclude Northern Ireland, which is treated separately. [PAR] This page is still a 'work in progress' and updates / corrections are more than welcome. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 8 Sources [PAR] 'Motorable Roads' [PAR] According to the Ordnance Survey , there are approximately 321,000 miles of 'motorable', roads in the UK. The precise definition of this is unclear, but probably relates to public highway suitable for/passable by motor vehicles. [PAR] Longest roads [PAR] Non-motorways [PAR] Great Britain [PAR] The A1 is the longest classified Road in GNB at 396 miles from London to Edinburgh. [PAR] The A38 is the longest 2-digit A-road in GB at over 309 miles from Bodmin to Mansfield. [PAR] The A361 is the longest 3-digit A-road in GB at 195 miles from Ilfracombe to Kilsby. [PAR] The A1101 is the longest 4-digit A-road in GB at 53 miles from Long Sutton to Bury St Edmunds. [PAR] The B6318 is the longest B-road in GB at 61 miles from Heddon-on-the-Wall to Langholm. [PAR] However, none of the A-roads are continuous as they either have a non-dominant multiplex, or motorway (eg A1(M) ) sections, or both. [PAR] The longest A-road wholly in England is the A38 . [PAR] The longest A-road wholly in Wales is the A470 at 185 miles, closely followed by the A487 at 174 miles. [PAR] The longest A-road wholly in Scotland is the A9 at 279 miles, with the A82 coming a distant second at 175 miles, and the A836 is the longest 3-digit route at 125 miles. [PAR] British A-roads over 100 miles long [PAR] Rank [PAR] 116 km : 72 miles [PAR] Motorways [PAR] The M6 is the longest Motorway in GB at 236 miles from Catthorpe, Leicestershire to the Scottish Border. [PAR] The M25 is the longest 2-digit Motorway in GB at over 117 miles from Dartford to Thurrock. [PAR] The M180 is the longest 3-digit Motorway in GB at 25 miles from Hatfield, Yorkshire to Barnetby-le-Wold. [PAR] The A1(M) is the longest Ax(M) road in GB at 122 miles from South Mimms to Washington in five sections while the A74(M) is the longest continuous Ax(M) Motorway, running from Abington to just south of Gretna Green. [PAR] The longest Motorway wholly in England is the M6 . Its 236 miles stop just short of the Scottish Border. [PAR] The longest, and only, Motorway wholly in Wales is the A48(M) at 2 miles. [PAR] The longest Motorway wholly in Scotland is the M8 at 61 miles, with the M9 coming second at 51 miles. [PAR] The longest motorway in Ireland is, for now, the M7 at a distance of 187 km (116 miles). [PAR] The longest motorway in Northern Ireland is the M1 at 38 miles. [PAR] Highest roads [PAR] The highest classified road in Scotland is the Cairnwell Pass on the A93 at 2199 feet (670 m). Other high routes in Scotland include the Lechd Summit on the A939 , at 2113 feet (644 m), the Bealach na Ba pass in Applecross, which reaches 2054 feet (626 m), and the Cairngorm Mountain road off the B970 , which reaches approximately 2100 feet (640 m). [PAR] The highest motorway in Great Britain is the M62 at a point inside Junction 22 , east of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir David Attenborough heads lists of most honoured by ... Sir David Attenborough heads lists of most honoured by Britain's universities - Telegraph [PAR] Education News [PAR] Sir David Attenborough heads lists of most honoured by Britain's universities [PAR] His wildlife documentaries have won him an audience of millions and a cabinet full of broadcasting awards. Now it can be revealed that Sir David Attenborough has another legion of fans \u2013 Britain's academics. [PAR] Sir David Attenborough has received at least 29 honorary degrees from Britain's universities. Photo: LIVEPIX [PAR] By Joshi Eichner Herrmann, Jack Rivlin and Michael Howie [PAR] 9:00AM BST 01 Aug 2010 [PAR] The naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough has been given more honorary degrees from Britain's universities than any other person. [PAR] Sir David tops a league table of academic honours, after receiving at least 29 honorary degrees from the country's universities, more than any other person, according to a table of Britain's most honoured compiled by The Sunday Telegraph. [PAR] The documentary-maker beat Nobel Prize winners, civil liberties campaigners, Olympic and Paralympic medallists and former world leaders to take the top spot. [PAR] Last night, Sir David said accumulating so many honorary degrees was, in itself, \"an honour\". And where does he keep all the doctorates? \"They're in a drawer,\" he said. He added: \"It's a compliment from the academic world. It's a real compliment \u2013 it would be churlish not to accept one.\" [PAR] In recent years, universities have been criticised for using their honours to gain publicity by giving awards to celebrities. This summer, Orlando Bloom, the actor, received an honorary degree from the University of Kent, while Paul O'Grady, the comedian, received an honorary doctorate from De Montfort University in Leicester. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Students eye UFO degree [PAR] 13 Apr 2010 [PAR] In the past, Sir Alex Ferguson, the football manager, Ryan Giggs, the footballer, and Robin and Barry Gibb from the Bee Gees have also been honoured. All have a long way to go if they aspire to be among the most honoured. However, our survey shows that at least 50 people have received eight or more honours in the last three decades. [PAR] To compile our list, The Sunday Telegraph contacted all of Britain's 116 universities about the honorary degrees they had awarded since 1980. Of those, 101 responded, giving details of 30,000 degrees. [PAR] Baroness Kennedy QC, the human rights barrister and civil liberties campaigner, came second in our table with 26 honorary degrees, and Lord Puttnam, the film producer and Labour peer, came third with 23. [PAR] Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson, the Paralympic gold medallist, is the highest sports personality on the list, with 12 honorary degrees \u2013 one more than Olympic gold medallist Sir Steve Redgrave. [PAR] Mary Robinson, the former Irish president, and Betty Boothroyd, the former Commons speaker, are among the most decorated politicians with 11 degrees each, ahead of Baroness Williams, the Liberal Democrat politician, who has nine. Gordon Brown has four. [PAR] Nelson Mandela, who has more than 50 honorary degrees from universities worldwide, has 10 from Britain \u2013 eight of which he received during his 1996 visit \u2013 while Bob Geldof, the musician and poverty campaigner, has nine. [PAR] Only five representatives from the arts made it into the top 50. Apart from Lord Puttnam, Dame Judi Dench and Ken Loach, the film director, both made it on to the list with 11 each. [PAR] In the battle of the bishops, Desmond Tutu, with 14, held off competition from the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Bring back Morph' campaign reaches target - BBC News 'Bring back Morph' campaign reaches target - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] 'Bring back Morph' campaign reaches target [PAR] 6 November 2013 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Morph previously appeared in children's art shows Take Hart and Hartbeat [PAR] A crowd-funding campaign to bring back clay character Morph for an online series has reached its target after eight days. [PAR] Aardman Animations set up the \u00a375,000 campaign on Kickstarter to help fund 12 new one-minute episodes. [PAR] Morph was one of the first characters created by the company that later brought us Wallace and Gromit. [PAR] Aardman co-founder Peter Lord said he was \"humbled\" and \"terribly grateful\" to all of their new backers. [PAR] The campaign reached its 22 days ahead of schedule after 1,690 fans pledged amounts ranging from \u00a31 to \u00a35,000 in support. [PAR] Lord said he was \"completely amazed\" by the reaction to the campaign to bring Morph back, which reached its target . [PAR] \"I had no sense that it might run this fast. There's a lot of affection out there, from a lot of people over a lot of years, because he's been going a long time,\" Lord said about the strength of feeling towards the character - named after his \"metamorphosing capabilities\". [PAR] \"There are people kind of my age, that watched it with their kids a long time ago and then there are the children and grandchildren of them. A lot of people have come to like him.\" [PAR] Aardman hope to start production on the new episodes, and \"get the Plasticine warmed up\" in January. [PAR] More episodes [PAR] Lord said he hoped the success of the campaign would mean they could extend the project. [PAR] \"I think we can afford to keep on funding our half, so I guess the obvious thing is to make more episodes,\" he said. [PAR] \"I have to work out all the maths, but if we can make 15, if we can make 20, that would suit me down to the ground because that's the fun part for me.\" [PAR] The Kickstarter project will remain open for the full 30-day funding period until 28 November for further pledges. [PAR] Those who contribute are eligible to receive various rewards, including a DVD of all the episodes made and a box of clay from Aardman's model making department. [PAR] They can also contribute story ideas for Morph episodes, although Lord admits he \"can't help\" thinking of his own. [PAR] \"I do think new technology will be fun, and a smartphone will be a great prop for Morph,\" he suggested. [PAR] \"In the past he's done surreal stuff where he had a picture frame and you raise the question, is that a portal to another world? I think you can do the same thing with the smartphone, getting stuck inside, I can imagine that.\" [PAR] Lord continued: \"Because him and his brother, or arch enemy or alter ego Chas are always squabbling, there might be some comedy to be got from the fact that one of them has a really rather old mobile. A phone duel, that sort of thing.\"[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Animation archive up in smoke BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Animation archive up in smoke [PAR] Printable version [PAR] Animation archive up in smoke [PAR] A fire at Aardman's Bristol warehouse has destroyed artwork, sets and archives relating to some of British animation's most iconic characters. [PAR] Aardman's Plasticine hero Morph first appeared on Take Hart in 1977 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Body Shop International Case Study Business Essay The Body Shop International Case Study Business Essay [PAR] The Body Shop International Case Study Business Essay [PAR] Published: [PAR] Last Edited: [PAR] 23rd March, 2015 [PAR] This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. [PAR] The Body Shop International (Body Shop) is a multinational company which is mainly producing ecological skin and hair products.The company offers over 1200 naturally produced healthy and beauty products generally target at woman. The products focus is shampoos, conditioners, bath products, soaps and skin creams but also includes fragrance, spa products, and beauty-related accessories. Their products are solely based on natural ingredients and manufactured according to an ethical code which is opposed to animal testing. The cosmetics franchise is considered to be one of the biggest around the globe with a well established reputation in 54 countries. L'Oreal, the dominant company in the beauty industry, acquired Body shop in 2006. Although Body Shop has become a subsidiary of L'Oreal S.A it still acts according to its own policy, values and ethical code. The acquisition has solved Body Shop's financial problems and has provided the means for expansion to a bigger market share.(1***************) [PAR] The updations since the case study was written can be summarised as: In 2002 Anita Ruddick launched her own website \"www.AnitaRoddick.com\" in 2001 and an activism portal \"www.TakeItPersonally.org\" in 2004. At that time number of shops were were1500 Body shop but nowit exceeded over 2500. During 2003 The Body Shop launched a global campaign to raise awareness and funds to help those affected by domestic violence. The Stop Violence in the Home campaign builds on almost a decade of campaigning on the issue in a number of markets, including Canada, the USA, and West Malaysia. The campaign aims to highlight the issue, raise money to support the work of groups. . In 2007 The Body Shop join forces with MTV in a new brand partnership to raise funds and awareness about HIV and AIDS amongst young people, through the Spray to Change campaign. The money raised goes to the Staying Alive Foundation, a charity who fund with grass roots organizations raising awareness and educating young and at-risk groups about HIV and AIDS .(1***************)(2) . [PAR] Task 2 [PAR] A brief review and discussion on company's key acheivements and significant changes over the last few years and how the company has adopted to emerging themes like corporate social responsibility ,ethical marketing, globalisation,etc. [PAR] 800 words [PAR] Significant Changes: The first The Body Shop store was opened by Anita Rodrick on 26th March 1976 in Brighton, on the south coast of England. It was declared a public company in 1985 and soon after that it created an Environmental Projects Department of its own. The first Community Trade product of The Body Shop was a Footsie Roller which was produced in 1986 by a supplier in southern India. In 2006, as part of the ongoing Stop Violence in the Home and for conducting the study on domestic violence against children, The Body Shop created a partnership with UNICEF and the United Nations Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children. The Body Shop becomes part of the L'Or\u00e9al Group and de-listed from the London Stock Exchange on July 12 2006. It operates independently within the L'Or\u00e9al Group and was led by the current management team of The Body Shop. [PAR] Key acheivements [PAR] The body shop was the first international cosmetics company to sign up to the Humane Cosmetics Standard, supported by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1984 - Mary Decker \"The Fall\" - Memorable Olympic moments ... 1984 - Mary Decker \"The Fall\" - Memorable Olympic moments throughout history - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Memorable Olympic moments throughout history [PAR] Next [PAR] 1936 - Jesse Owens [PAR] Every Olympics is filled with high drama and amazing sporting feats. Here\u2019s a look at memorable moments through the years. [PAR] American Jessie Owns stands on the podium after winning the gold medal for the long jump at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Owens won four Olympic gold medals in 1936 for the 100m, 200m, 4x100m and long jump. Grandson of a slave and the son of a sharecropper, the African-American\u2019s huge success upended Adolf Hitler\u2019s goal of using the Olympics to showcase the superiority of the white Aryan race. [PAR] Credit: AP [PAR] 1932 - \"Babe\" Didrikson [PAR] Mildred \"Babe\" Didrikson of Dallas at the Olympic Stadium Los Angeles on July 31, 1932, when she sent the javelin soaring 143 feet 4 inches to better by more than 11 feet the former mark held by E. Braumiller of Germany. [PAR] In Didrikson's era, women were only allowed to enter three Olympic events. She amazingly won the javelin and the 80-meter hurdles, while breaking four world records. She made a record-making high jump, which was disallowed and resulted in her receiving a silver medal. [PAR] Credit: AP [PAR] 1960 - Wilma Rudolph [PAR] American runner Wilma Rudolph, middle, stands on the awards podium with competitors Dorthy Hyman, left, and G. Leone after winning the gold in the 200 meter sprint at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. [PAR] Rudolf had worn a leg brace from the age of four to nine because of polio. At 16, she won four Olympic medal in Rome, including three golds, and set two world records. She was the epitome of someone who overcame incredible odds to accomplish great things. [PAR] Credit: Hulton Deutsch Archive/Getty Images [PAR] 1960 - Abebe Bikila [PAR] Ethiopian athlete Abebe Bikila became famous for winning the Rome 1960 Olympic Games marathon barefooted. He had been a last minute replacement for another runner on the team who fell ill. When the running shoes he was offered didn't fit well Bikila chose to run without them. [PAR] Bikila won in a record time of 2:15:16.2, the first athlete from Sub-Saharan Africa to win an Olympic gold. [PAR] Credit: AFP/Getty Images [PAR] 1968 - Black power salute [PAR] U.S. athletes Tommie Smith (center) and John Carlos (right) raise a single black gloved fist in a Black Power salute to express their opposition to racism in America during the playing of the American national anthem, after receiving their medals, Oct. 17, 1968 for first and third place in the men's 200m event at the Mexico Olympic Games. At left is Peter Norman of Australia who took second place. [PAR] The iconic moment, captured by Life magazine photographer John Dominis, outraged millions of Americans. Because of the act, Smith and Carlos were removed from the relay team and suspended from the U.S. team. They also received death treats. What few may not know is that the two men were shoeless on the podium in a symbol of empathy with the poor. Norman knew in advance what they would do and stood in solidarity wearing a badge of the Olympic Project for Human Rights. [PAR] Carlos has said of the moment, \"We knew that what we were going to do was far greater than any athletic feat.\" [PAR] Credit: John Dominis/OFF/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] 1968 - Bob Beamon' great leap [PAR] Bob Beamon of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stuart Sutcliffe | Biography & History | AllMusic Stuart Sutcliffe | Biography & History | AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] Artist Biography by Richie Unterberger [PAR] From about early 1960 to mid-1961, Stuart Sutcliffe was the bass player in the Beatles , leaving the group before they even made their first recordings as Tony Sheridan 's backing band. Sutcliffe never recorded in a studio with the Beatles (although he is probably on a lengthy bootleg tape of rehearsals from around 1960), and all of the evidence, from recollections of other Beatles and others who saw them in the early '60s, indicates that his musical talents were marginal at best. He was considered a brilliant and promising young artist, but died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 22, not even surviving to see the Beatles make the charts for the first time in late 1962. However, Sutcliffe did leave an imprint on the band in his sense of visual style and artistic sensibilities, particularly in his combed-down hairstyle, which he was the first member to adopt. [PAR] Sutcliffe became close friends with John Lennon when the pair were attending Liverpool Art College in the late '50s. It was an odd match, as Sutcliffe was considered one of the college's best students and Lennon one of its worst, but they had a lot of mutual intellectual and aesthetic adventurousness. Sutcliffe unexpectedly won a prize for 65 pounds when one of his paintings sold after being shown at an exhibition, and decided to buy an electric bass guitar with the money in January 1960. This was so he could join Lennon 's group, known as the Quarry Men , but soon to change their name to the Silver Beatles and, finally, the Beatles . [PAR] Sutcliffe was far behind the other Beatles musically, and never did come close to catching up. Such was his lack of proficiency on bass that he would play with his back to the audience (as seen in a frequently published photo of a May 1960 audition). Still, as he was John 's friend, his place in the band was guaranteed for the time being, and he accompanied them on their first (brief) tour, as a backing group for singer Johnny Gentle in Scotland in mid-1960. Joined by drummer Pete Best , the Beatles went to Hamburg in August 1960, and Sutcliffe was with them for the next few months as they gained experience in the German city's clubs. Accounts vary as to just how good (or bad) Stuart became on bass. There is a primitive rehearsal tape from (probably) around 1960 that has been bootlegged, but the recording is so technically lo-fi that it's even difficult to hear a bass, let alone determine the virtuosity of the player; a few songs from that tape were officially issued on the Beatles ' Anthology 1 . The consensus seems to be that he never became good, or even attained a basic professional standard, on the instrument. [PAR] He did very occasionally sing on-stage. But according to the thorough listing of songs the Beatles performed live in Mark Lewisohn's The Complete Beatles Chronicle, there are just two tunes -- the Elvis Presley ballads \"Love Me Tender\" and \"Loving You\" -- that Sutcliffe is known to have sung lead on. It came to light in the Sutcliffe biography Backbeat: Stuart Sutcliffe: The Lost Beatle that Stuart did actually write some songs, though none seem to have been seriously performed (let alone recorded) by the Beatles . It has sometimes been written that Sutcliffe and Paul McCartney did not get"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mariah Carey's 25 Top Billboard Hit Songs | Billboard Mariah Carey's 25 Top Billboard Hit Songs | Billboard [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] On this date 25 years ago, June 2, 1990, Mariah Carey began her incomparable Billboard chart career. [PAR] \"Retro-flavored pop/R&B ballad has all the elements necessary to propel newcomer to diva status: infectious melodies, lush instrumentation and a vocal performance brimming with unbridled power and confidence.\" [PAR] That's how Billboard praised Mariah Carey's debut single, \"Vision of Love,\" as a \"new and noteworthy\" pick in the magazine's May 26, 1990 review of the song. [PAR] Even despite such lofty early approval, few could've predicted just how legendary a career Carey would forge on Billboard charts. Highlights include the most Billboard Hot 100 No. 1s by a solo artist (18), the most weeks at No. 1 of any act (79) and the chart's longest-running No. 1 of all-time, \"One Sweet Day,\" with Boyz II Men (16 weeks). [PAR] Twenty-five years ago today, as predicted, Carey began her ascent to diva status: in the Billboard issue dated June 2, 1990, \"Vision\" entered three charts: the Hot 100, at No. 73, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (No. 85) and Adult Contemporary (No. 38). Her smoky introductory single, unlike any at a time when pop radio was powered by dance-oriented pop, new jack swing and big-hair ballads, would top all three tallies. [PAR] Mariah Carey Shares Video for 'Infinity': Watch [PAR] On the 25th anniversary of Carey's maiden Billboard chart voyages \u2013 and, as she continues to add to her chart legacy, with her new single, \"Infinity\" (which she performed in a medley with \"Vision\" at the Billboard Music Awards May 17), crowning the Billboard + Twitter Trending 140 upon the arrival of its new video \u2013 Billboard looks back at her 25 biggest Hot 100 hits, counted down from No. 25 to a place she's known more than any other solo act on the ranking: No. 1. [PAR] Mariah Carey's 25 Biggest Billboard Hits is based on actual performance on the weekly Billboard Hot 100 chart. The ranking is based on an inverse point system, with weeks at No. 1 having the greatest value and weeks at No. 100 proportionately less. Due to various changes in chart rules and methodology through the years, songs have had reigns at No. 1 and on the chart of varying average lengths. To ensure equitable representation of the biggest hits from all years, time frames were weighted to account for the differences in song turnover rates. [PAR] 25, Obsessed [PAR] No. 7 peak, 2009 [PAR] The song became Carey's 27th, and most recent, Hot 100 top 10, tied for the fifth-best sum in the chart's history. [PAR] 24, Make It Happen [PAR] No. 5, 1992 [PAR] Its disco beat and upbeat title contrast with a vulnerable reflection of Carey's life prior to her chart breakthrough: \"Not more than three short years ago / I was abandoned and alone / Without a penny to my name / So very young and so afraid.\" [PAR] 23, I Still Believe [PAR] No. 4, 1999 [PAR] Carey sang backup on Brenda K. Starr's original version, which hit No. 13 in 1988. Eleven years, and Carey's superstardom, later, Carey's cover rose nine notches higher. [PAR] 22, Endless Love (with Luther Vandross) [PAR] No. 2, 1994 [PAR] Among Carey's legendary duet partners over the years: in addition to Vandross, Brian McKnight, Whitney Houston and Boyz II Men (coming up later in the countdown \u2026) [PAR] 21, Touch My Body [PAR] No. 1 (two weeks), 2008 [PAR] Carey's 18th, and most recent, No."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hugo Weaving - Biography - IMDb Hugo Weaving - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Hugo Weaving [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (17) | Personal Quotes (7) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Hugo Wallace Weaving was born on April 4, 1960 in Nigeria, to English parents Anne (Lennard), a tour guide and teacher, and Wallace Weaving, a seismologist. Hugo has an older brother, Simon, and a younger sister, Anna, who both also live and work in Australia. During his early childhood, the Weaving family spent most of their time traveling between Nigeria, Great Britain, and Australia. This was due to the cross-country demands of his father's job in the computer industry. Later, during his teens, Hugo spent three years in England in the seventies attending Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School in Bristol. There, he showed early promise in theater productions and also excelled at history, achieving an A in his O-level examination. He arrived permanently in Australia in 1976 and finished his education at Knox Grammar School, Sydney. He graduated from NIDA (National Institute of Dramatic Art), a college well-known for other alumni such as Mel Gibson and Geoffrey Rush , in 1981. Since then, Hugo has had a steadily successful career in the film, television, and theater industries. However, he has illustrated that, as renowned as he is known for his film work, he feels most at home on stage and continually performs in Australian theater productions, usually with the Sydney Theater Company. With his success has also come extensive recognition. He has won numerous awards, including two Australian Film Institute Awards (AFI) for Best Actor in a Leading Role and three total nominations. The AFI is the Australian equivalent of an Academy Award, and Hugo won for his performances in Proof (1991) and The Interview (1998). He was also nominated for his performance in The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994). He garnered the Best Acting prize for The Interview (1998) at the Montreal Film Festival in 1998 in addition to his AFI Award and, that same year, won the Australian Star of the Year. More recently, roles in films such as The Matrix trilogy as Agent Smith and The Lord of the Rings trilogy as Lord Elrond have considerably raised his international profile. His famous and irreplaceable role in The Matrix movies have made him one of the greatest sci-fi villains of the Twenty-first Century. With each new film, television, or theatrical role, Hugo continues to surpass his audience's expectations and remains one of the most versatile performers working today. He resides in Australia and has two children with partner Katrina Greenwood. Though Hugo and Katrina have never married, they've been a committed couple for over 25 years; while Hugo was quoted as saying marriage \"petrified\" him in the 1990s, by middle of the following decade he said he no longer felt that way, and that he and Katrina have toyed with the idea of marrying \"when we're really old\". [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Lady Nephthys [PAR] Trade Mark (6) [PAR] Often plays sinister villains or anti-heroes [PAR] Roles in science fiction and fantasy films [PAR] Calm, reserved delivery of his lines. [PAR] High eyebrows, often arched to dramatic effect [PAR] Trivia (17) [PAR] Graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA). [PAR] His parents and baby Hugo left Nigeria before he was one year old. [PAR] Children with Katrina Greenwood : Harry Weaving (b. 1989) and Holly Weaving (b. 1993). [PAR] His father worked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Radionomy | Listen to Tony Christie radio stations for free Radionomy | Listen to Tony Christie radio stations for free [PAR] Please sign in to use this functionality [PAR] Tony Christie [PAR] CareerTony Christie has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide. He had two Top Twenty hits in the UK Singles Chart in 1971 with \"I Did What I Did for Maria\", which reached number two and \"Is This the Way to Amarillo\", which peaked at number 18. He also had a minor hit with \"Avenues and Alleyways\" which reached number 37, the theme to the television series The Protectors. \"Is This the Way to Amarillo\" sold more than one million copies by September 1972, and was awarded a gold disc. His early songs were dramatic big-voiced numbers, many of which were written by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander.He recorded albums regularly throughout the 1970s and made infrequent appearances on the charts. His album With Loving Feeling sold well boosted by the hit single \"Is This The Way to Amarillo\". He recorded an album in the United States in 1973 with the record producer Snuff Garrett, which did little to stop his commercial slide. A live album followed which sold relatively better. But by the mid-1970s recorded work became rarer and stage work took preference.In June 1972, he was invited on the music festival, The Golden Orpheus, then in communist Bulgaria. The concert was recorded and published on vinyl by the government musical company Balkanton. He played the role of Magaldi on the original 1976 album recording of the musical Evita, and sought to represent the UK in the 1976 Eurovision Song Contest, with the song \"The Queen of the Mardi Gras\" but came third in the contest to select an entrant, behind eventual contest winners Brotherhood of Man.Although his popularity waned in his native England through most of the 1980s and 1990s, he maintained a successful singing career in continental Europe during this period. This was especially so in Germany, with four albums recorded with German producer Jack White, especially their first album collaboration Welcome To My Music, reaching number 7 in the German charts and going platinum. From 1991 to 2002, Christie recorded nine albums especially for the German market.In 1999, he was the vocalist on the Jarvis Cocker-penned UK Top Ten hit, \"Walk Like a Panther\", recorded by the Sheffield band, All Seeing I. His influence on a new generation of singers was further demonstrated when indie pop band Rinaldi Sings released a cover version of \"Avenues & Alleyways\" in March 2004.In 2002, \"Is This the Way to Amarillo\" was used in the TV comedy series Peter Kay's Phoenix Nights, leading to a resurgence in his popularity. The song was re-released on 14 March 2005 to raise money for the Comic Relief charity, and reached Number 1 in the UK Singles Chart (outselling all the first release's chart run put together). This led to the biggest sales for a Number 1 single for the whole year, with seven weeks at the chart pinnacle. It also became the longest running chart-topper since Cher's \"Believe\", almost seven years earlier. The single was credited as \"featuring Peter Kay\", though Kay only appeared in the video; the audio track was the original 1971 issue. His album, The Definitive Collection also climbed to the Number 1 spot the following week in the UK Albums Chart, breaking records when it also came in at Number 1 on the downloads chart.In 2005, the Dutch singer Albert West covered the same song. This release reached Number 25 in the Dutch record chart."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the most common gas in the air we breathe ... What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The most common gas people breathe from clean air is nitrogen. Air is a mixture of gases, and the air on Earth contains about 78 percent nitrogen and about 21 percent oxygen. Argon, carbon dioxide neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen and xenon are in much smaller amounts.[DOC] [TLE] What gases are in the air we breathe? | Reference.com What gases are in the air we breathe? | Reference.com [PAR] What gases are in the air we breathe? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In dry air that does not contain pollution, the predominant gas is nitrogen, which makes up 78 percent of the atmosphere. The next two most voluminous gases are oxygen (21 percent) and argon (1 percent). Other gases appearing in trace amounts include carbon dioxide. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The air naturally contains water vapor as well. The proportion of water vapor in the area varies widely between different areas, depending on the climate. [PAR] Human activity has had a significant impact on the gases in the atmosphere, particularly through the burning of fuels and the production of pollutant gases. Burning fossil fuels sends a great deal of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. [PAR] Other gases that enter the atmosphere as pollution include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxides. When fuels do not burn completely, they send solid particles, as with carbon, directly into the air, causing a dirty film to form on buildings and on the inside of lungs. [PAR] Carbon monoxide is one of the most toxic by-products among these pollutants. Inhaling carbon monoxide can lead to death. However, the other pollutants also are caustic to the environment; sulfur dioxide leads to acid rain, which can maim or even kill crops, trees and other plants."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Father of computing - ComputerWeekly.com Father of computing [PAR] Father of computing [PAR] James Essinger [PAR] James Essinger looks at a new book on Charles Babbage - considered to be the father of computing - which claims his lack of... [PAR] This Article Covers [PAR] Share this item with your network: [PAR] Related Content [PAR] The cyber threats lurking within every company [PAR] Budget busters: Three ways for CIOs to fund digital initiatives [PAR] Boots SAP centre of expertise helps take back control [PAR] Download Current Issue [PAR] James Essinger looks at a new book on Charles Babbage - considered to be the father of computing - which claims his lack of diplomacy prevented his brilliant inventions seeing the light of day [PAR] There is an important lesson to be learned from the father of computing - that technical know-how alone is not enough to succeed. This is one of the conclusions of The Cogwheel Brain, a study of Charles Babbage, by Doron Swade, to be published on 13 April. [PAR] Download this free guide [PAR] All-Flash: The Essential Guide [PAR] Access this guide to learn about all-flash storage, how it stacks up against hybrid and PCIe, and how to measure the benefits. [PAR] Start Download [PAR] You forgot to provide an Email Address. [PAR] This email address doesn\u2019t appear to be valid. [PAR] This email address is already registered. Please login . [PAR] You have exceeded the maximum character limit. [PAR] Please provide a Corporate E-mail Address. [PAR] By submitting my Email address I confirm that I have read and accepted the Terms of Use and Declaration of Consent. [PAR] By submitting your personal information, you agree that TechTarget and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers. [PAR] You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy . [PAR] Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an extraordinarily talented scientist, mathematician, economist and engineer. He is best known today - as he was in his lifetime - for inventing two types of cogwheel calculating machines. [PAR] The first, known as the Difference Engine, was designed to print reliable, accurate mathematical tables and so solve a serious problem of his day - these tables, compiled manually, were riddled with mistakes. [PAR] The second cogwheel brain, which Babbage called the Analytical Engine, was nothing less than a mechanical digital computer. It contained many of the features found in modern computers, including a memory and a processor. It even had a punched-card control system, which Babbage borrowed from the Jacquard loom. [PAR] Babbage was never able to get a fully complete working version of any of his machines built during his lifetime. [PAR] Doron Swade, assistant director and head of collections at the Science Museum in London, is well qualified to write Babbage's story. In addition to having studied Babbage's life and work for many years, and having read everything Babbage ever wrote (a feat which took him eight months) he headed the team that built a working Babbage machine in 1991. [PAR] This device, Babbage's Difference Engine No. 2, is on display at the London Science Museum and is one of the wonders of the collection. Swade has also been heading a project to build a printer for the machine. The completed printer will be unveiled at the Science Museum on 14 April, the day after the publication of The Cogwheel Brain. [PAR] The significance of the successful completion of Difference Engine No. 2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Bunsen - Biography, Facts and Pictures Robert Bunsen - Biography, Facts and Pictures [PAR] Robert Bunsen [PAR] Robert Bunsen\u2019s Early Life and Education [PAR] Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen was born on March 30, 1811, in G\u00f6ttingen, Germany. He was the youngest of four sons. [PAR] His father was Christian Bunsen, professor of modern languages and head librarian at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. His mother came from a military family. [PAR] After he had become a famous professor, Bunsen once recalled that he had been a wayward child at times, but his mother kept him in line. [PAR] He attended elementary school and high school in G\u00f6ttingen. When he reached the age of 15 he moved to the grammar school in Holzminden, about 40 miles (60 km) from G\u00f6ttingen. [PAR] In 1828, aged 17, he started work for his degree at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. He took courses in chemistry, physics and mathematics, with some geology and botany. He won an award for his work on a humidity meter. When he wrote this work up in 1830, he was awarded a Ph.D. in chemistry \u2013 he was just 19 years old. [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Bunsen stayed at G\u00f6ttingen until he won a government scholarship to travel around Europe studying chemistry. He spend most of 1832 and 1833 learning chemical techniques in laboratories in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and France. In France he spent time in Paris working with the famous chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac. [PAR] Recalling differences between his own time as a university student and many years later, Bunsen said: [PAR] \u201cIn my day, we studied science and not, as now so often happens, only one of them.\u201d [PAR] Robert Bunsen\u2019s Discoveries and Contributions to Science [PAR] Arsenic \u2013 A Triumph and a Disaster [PAR] In 1833, aged 22, Bunsen started working as a chemistry lecturer at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. He had obtained his license to teach, but received no salary from the university. He tutored students and carried out research in the chemistry laboratories. [PAR] In the early years of his career, Bunsen researched arsenic compounds \u2013 hazardous work. [PAR] In 1834 he published his first important work \u2013 a triumph. Working with the physician Arnold Berthold he discovered an antidote to arsenic poisoning. [PAR] He found that adding iron oxide hydrate to a solution in which arsenic compounds are dissolved causes the arsenic compounds to fall out of the solution as ferrous arsenate, which is an insoluble, harmless solid. [PAR] Bunsen developed an ongoing passion for studying the compounds of arsenic. Like the good chemist he was, he tried to take precautions against the toxic effects of these compounds, He devised a face mask with a breathing tube which ran outside to feed him clean air while he worked. [PAR] Some arsenic compounds, however, are explosive. Without warning, they can explode in dry air. [PAR] In 1843, nine years after finding the antidote to arsenic poisoning, Bunsen became a victim of such an explosion when a sample of an arsenic compound called cacodyl cyanide exploded, shattering his face mask and permanently blinding his right eye. [PAR] The explosion also resulted in Bunsen suffering severe arsenic poisoning. [PAR] He was saved from death by the iron oxide hydrate antidote he had discovered nine years earlier. [PAR] Invention of the Zinc-Carbon Battery [PAR] In 1841 Bunsen invented the zinc-carbon cell \u2013 often called the Bunsen battery. He saw this as an improvement on the expensive Grove cell, which was used, for example, to power telegraph lines. The Grove cell was a zinc-platinum cell. The platinum in it made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the scientific name for the hip bone? | Reference.com What is the scientific name for the hip bone? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the scientific name for the hip bone? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The medical term for the hip bone is \"os coxa,\" or the innominate bone. The plural form is \"os coxae.\" These large, flattened bones form the sides of the pelvis, one on each side of the sacrum. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The large innominate bones form the sides and the front of the pelvic cavity. They are made up of three fused bones: the ilium, the ischium and the pubis. In young children, these three bones are distinct from each other, but in adults, they fuse together to form one continuous bone. The fusing occurs around a cup-shaped articular cavity called the acetabulum. The innominate bones also connect with the femur bones in the legs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peace Award - LEGACY PROJECT - www.legacyproject.org Peace Award - www.legacyproject.org [PAR] PEACE AWARD [PAR] Give out [PAR] an award certificate recognizing peaceful, constructive actions [PAR] Each year, Nobel Prizes are awarded for outstanding achievement in five original areas \u2013 Peace, Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature \u2013 and a sixth area of Economics (the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science was added in 1968). The Nobel Prizes were established in the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and inventor. He was involved, with his family, in the manufacture of explosives. He also invented dynamite. A man who believed in peace, he was concerned about the potential destructive uses of the explosives he had invented. So, he established a fund to provide the annual awards. [PAR] Under the terms [PAR] of Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is judged by a committee of the Norwegian parliament. Each recipient is presented with a gold medal and a monetary award (close to $1 million). The awards were first given in 1901. They are not given every year, and from 1940 to 1942 no awards were made. [PAR] Sometimes winners are people who work behind the scenes, sometimes they are people who are very well known. For example, former US President Jimmy Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. The prize was awarded for Carter's \"decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development.\" During his presidency (1977-1981), Carter's mediation was a vital contribution to the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt. Through his Carter Center (visit www.cartercenter.org ), which celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2002, Carter has since his presidency undertaken very extensive and persevering conflict resolution on several continents. The Nobel Committee concluded its announcement of the award by stating, \"In a situation currently marked by threats of the use of power, Carter has stood by the principles that conflicts must as far as possible be resolved through mediation and international co-operation based on international law, respect for human rights, and economic development.\" [PAR] Why not give your own award for peace? A Peace Award is a great way to praise and recognize any age, especially children and teens, for their efforts to act in peaceful ways and build a cooperative, caring, safe community. Families might choose a different family member each month. Schools might choose a new recipient every week. You can even give out Peace Awards as holiday gifts. [PAR] Who's in the running to receive the award? A teacher or parent who takes a stand against bullying. A grandparent who takes the time to listen to a troubled teen. Depending on the age of children, someone who has remembered to consistently say \"please\" and \"thank you,\" who didn't lose control and instead remembered to count to ten, who shared a toy or book, or who helped another person with a problem or mediated a dispute. [PAR] Recipients can be chosen in a number of ways. You can give out a Peace Award anytime you see worthy behavior. Or give out the award every holiday season. A parent or teacher can choose an individual. Everyone in a group can vote. Or, everyone can drop nominations into a box when they see someone else do something that contributes to a spirit of peace, and then a winner can be pulled from the box. [PAR] Give and celebrate the gift of peace. We can start building a legacy of peace in the world by building peace within ourselves and in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Kilobytes in a Megabyte How Many Kilobytes in a Megabyte [PAR] Computers & Internet / How Many Kilobytes in a Megabyte [PAR] How Many Kilobytes in a Megabyte [PAR] Aug 31, 2011 [PAR] As you may know, the binary number system is used to measure computer data, and the bit1 is the basic unit of information in it. The bit has one of the two values, denoted by 1 or 0. Eight bits make up one byte2, which is the main element in most computer system architectures. When an average man hears the terms \u201ckilobytes\u201d and \u201cmegabytes\u201d for the first time, he will probably think that they mean the following: [PAR] 1 kilobyte equals to 1000 bytes [PAR] 1 megabyte equals to 1 000 000 bytes [PAR] So, the answer to the question, \u201cHow many kilobytes are there in a Megabyte?\u201d seems to be obvious: [PAR] 1 megabyte equals to 1000 kilobytes. [PAR] But don\u2019t jump to conclusions. For example, manufacturers of computer memory use another system. It states: [PAR] 1 megabyte equals to 1024 kilobytes. [PAR] More than that, this definition is more popular nowadays. It means that 1 kilobyte is 210 bytes, which is 1024 bytes. But it uses the prefix \u201ckilo\u201d from the metric system, and sometimes this fact causes confusion. [PAR] The IEC Definitions [PAR] In 1998, the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)3 accepted a new international standard. It suggests replacing metric prefixes in the terms by specific ones. New variants are made up of the first syllable of the corresponding metric prefix and the syllable \u201cbi\u201d (contraction from \u201cbinary\u201d). [PAR] The following table presents all the IEC definitions. [PAR] Term[DOC] [TLE] MB to KB Conversion Megabytes to Kilobytes Calculator MB to KB Conversion Megabytes to Kilobytes Calculator [PAR] 8,000 bits [PAR] Megabytes [PAR] Megabyte (MB) is a unit of transferred or stored digital information, which is extensively used in information and computer technology. In SI, one megabyte is equal to 1,000,000 bytes. At the same time, practically 1 megabyte is used as 220 B, which means 1,048,576 bytes. Nowadays, the amount of information measured by megabytes is used for representing the size of a typical MP3 file, the size of a JPEG image, and so on. [PAR] Megabyte in SI and base 10 (decimal) 1 Megabyte = 10002 bytes 1 Megabyte = 1,000,000 bytes Megabyte in base 2 (binary) 1 Megabyte = 220 bytes 1 Megabyte = 10242 bytes 1 Megabyte = 1,048,576 bytes [PAR] Kilobytes [PAR] Kilobyte (KB) is a common measurement unit of digital information (including text, sound, graphic, video, and other sorts of information) that equals to 1000 bytes. In practical information technology, KB is actually equal to 210 bytes, which makes it equal to 1024 bytes. Decades ago, this unit used to be one of the most popular ones, but recently, since the volumes of information increased drastically, such unit as gigabyte has become more commonly used. [PAR] Kilobyte in SI and base 10 (decimal) 1 Kilobyte = 10001 bytes 1 Kilobyte = 1000 bytes Kilobyte in base 2 (binary) 1 Kilobyte = 210 bytes 1 Kilobyte = 10241 bytes 1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes [PAR] How to Calculate Megabytes to Kilobytes [PAR] Megabyte in SI 1 Megabyte = 10002 bytes We know that 1KB = 1000 bytes, so 1 byte = 1000-1 kilobytes putting 1 byte in megabyte equation; 1 Megabyte = 10002 * 1000-1 KB 1 Megabyte = 10001 Kilobytes 1 Megabyte = 1000 Kilobytes [PAR] MB to KB in Base 2 [PAR] Megabyte in base 2 1 Megabyte = 220 bytes 1 Megabyte = 10242"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parsec - definition of parsec by The Free Dictionary Parsec - definition of parsec by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Parsec - definition of parsec by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/parsec [PAR] (p\u00e4r\u2032s\u0115k\u2032) [PAR] n. [PAR] A unit of astronomical length based on the distance from Earth at which stellar parallax is one second of arc and equal to 3.258 light-years, 3.086 \u00d7 1013 kilometers, or 1.918 \u00d7 1013 miles. [PAR] (\u02c8p\u0251\u02d0\u02ccs\u025bk) [PAR] n [PAR] (Units) a unit of astronomical distance equal to the distance from earth at which stellar parallax would be 1 second of arc; equivalent to 3.0857 \u00d7 1016 m or 3.262 light years [PAR] [C20: from parallax + second2] [PAR] (\u02c8p\u0251r\u02ccs\u025bk) [PAR] n. [PAR] a unit of distance equal to 206,265 times the distance from the earth to the sun, or 3.26 light years. [PAR] [1910\u201315; par (allax) + sec (ond)2] [PAR] par\u00b7sec [PAR] (p\u00e4r\u2032s\u0115k\u2032) [PAR] A unit of astronomical length equal to 3.26 light-years. It is based on the distance from Earth at which a star would have a parallax of one second of arc. [PAR] parsec [PAR] 1. (pc) The distance at which 1 au would measure 1 sec of arc, equal to 19.16 trillion mi (30.857 trillion km) or 206,265 au or 3.26 ly (1). [PAR] 2. (pc) A unit of length used for measuring astronomical distances. 1 parsec = 3.26 light years. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:[DOC] [TLE] distance units - Cool Cosmos Cool Cosmos [PAR] Distance Measure [PAR] In astronomy, the most commonly used measures of distance are the light year, parsec and astronomical unit. [PAR] Astronomical Unit (A.U.) [PAR] An astronomical unit (A.U.) is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, which is about 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers. Astronomical units are usually used to measure distances within our solar system. For example, the planet Mercury is about 1/3 of an A.U. from the Sun, while the farthest planet, Pluto, is about 40 A.U. from the Sun (thats 40 times as far away from the Sun as the Earth is). [PAR] Light-Year (ly) [PAR] Most objects in space are so far away, that using a relatively small unit of distance, such as an astronomical unit, is not practical. Instead, astronomers measure distances to objects which are outside our solar system in light-years. A light-year (ly) is the distance that light can travel in one year in a vacuum (empty space). The speed of light is about 186,000 miles or 300,000 kilometers per second. So, in one year light travels a distance of about 5,880,000,000,000 miles or 9,460,000,000,000 kilometers or 63,240 A.U.. This distance is 1 light-year. For example, the nearest star to us is about 4.3 light-years away. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is about 150,000 light-years across, and the nearest large galaxy, Andromeda, is 2.3 million light-years away. [PAR] Parsec (pc) [PAR] Astronomers use another unit of distance called a parsec (pc), which is equal to 3.26 light-years. The definition of the parsec is based on a triangle. A parsec is the length of the long leg of a right triangle, whose short leg is one astronomical unit when the angle between the Sun and the Earth, as seen from an object in space (a star for example), is one arcsecond The word parsec stands for \"parallax of one arc second\" One kiloparsec (kpc), is one thousand parsecs. One megaparsec (Mpc) is one million parsecs. [PAR] SUMMARY"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HubbleSite - Hubble's Orbit, long HubbleSite - Hubble's Orbit, long [PAR] Webb Telescope [PAR] Hubble orbits the Earth at an altitude of about 353 miles (569 kilometers). It takes about 97 minutes to complete one orbit around the Earth. Hubble passes into the shadow of the Earth for 28 to 36 minutes in each orbit. The orbit inclines at a 28.5-degree angle. [PAR] This orbit is high enough that Hubble is above the Earth's atmosphere and can conduct its science operations without the negative effects of the atmosphere. [PAR] Seeing through Earth's atmosphere is similar to looking at objects through a pool of water. Remember how little you can see when you open your eyes under water and how much better you can see when you are out of the water. It is very similar as far as science is concerned with the telescope. The Earth's atmosphere acts similarly to water and greatly reduces what we can see in space from the ground. Hubble is in orbit above the atmosphere because it has unrestricted visibility into space and can \"see\" much better than anyone or anything on the ground.[DOC] [TLE] Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History [PAR] Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] April 24, 2013 07:13am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Since its launch in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has provided a dazzling array of images that have awed and inspired the public. More than just pretty pictures, the more than 45 terabytes of data collected has provided insight into the universe, from objects as close as the moon to the most remote galaxies, with incredible photos of supernovas and nebulas in between. Below we explore the history of the telescope and its discoveries, plus Hubble facts and links to some of the orbiting observatory\u2019s best pictures. First, we take a look at an iconic photo. No Hubble picture is more widely recognized than the view of the so-called Pillars of Creation within the Eagle Nebula. [See a gallery of recent Hubble pictures .] [PAR] This 1995 Hubble Space Telescope image of the 'Pillars of Creation' is probably the most famous astronomical image of the 20th Century. Taken in visible light using a combination of SII/H-alpha and OIII filters, it shows a part of the Eagle Nebula where new stars are forming. The tallest pillar is around 4 light-years high. [PAR] Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI, Hester & Scowen (Arizona State University) [PAR] [PAR] Hubble history: From major flaw to perfection [PAR] When Galileo first turned a spyglass to the heavens in 1610, he had trouble making out the rings of Saturn that are visible in inexpensive telescopes today. Advances in optics improved scientists' views of the planets, stars, and distant galaxies, but Earth's atmosphere still blocked much of the light for observers on the ground. Larger telescopes were (and still are) placed on high mountains, where thinner atmospheres allow clearer pictures. [PAR] In 1923, German scientist Hermann Oberth first suggested that a telescope could be launched into orbit to help overcome the distortions caused by the atmosphere. As rocket launchings became more commonplace, the idea became feasible, and in 1969, approval was given for the launch of a Large Space Telescope. But its development took longer than preparing for a trip to the moon. [PAR] In 1975, the European Space Agency began to work with NASA on the plan that would eventually become Hubble. Congress approved funding for the telescope in 1977. The birth of the reusable Space Shuttle provided"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] See the Cast of 'The Flintstones' Then and Now See the Cast of 'The Flintstones' Then and Now [PAR] See the Cast of 'The Flintstones' Then and Now [PAR] November 16, 2013 @ 10:37 AM [PAR] Universal [PAR] In 1994, Steven Spielberg 's Amblin Entertainment produced a live-action version of the classic animated series 'The Flintstones,' bringing the cartoon family to life on the big screen for the very first time with stars like John Goodman and Rick Moranis. The film was a massive hit at the box office, even though critics absolutely loathed it. Nineteen years later, we take a look back at the cast of this prehistoric family film and see what they're up to now. [PAR] John Goodman, Fred Flintstone [PAR] Universal/Getty Images [PAR] Then: John Goodman played Fred, the patriarch of the Flintstone family. Various iterations of a live-action 'Flintstones' film were in the works for years, with John Belushi offered the role of Fred at one point. If Goodman had turned the role down, this version would not have been made. [PAR] Now: Goodman, who has appeared in several of the Coen Brothers' films, including 'The Big Lebowski' and 'O Brother, Where Art Thou,' can be seen next in their new film, 'Inside Llewyn Davis.' He also recently reprised the voice of Sully for Pixar's 'Monsters University,' and stars in George Clooney's upcoming 'The Monuments Men.' [PAR] Elizabeth Perkins, Wilma Flintstone [PAR] Universal/Getty Images [PAR] Then: Elizabeth Perkins played Fred's wife, Wilma. Perkins was known previously for her roles in 'Big' and 'He Said, She Said.' [PAR] Now: Perkins portrayed Celia Hodes on the Showtime series 'Weeds' from 2005 until 2009. Since then, she's appeared in 'Hop' and 'The Lorax,' and starred on the short-lived sitcom 'How to Live with Your Parents (for the Rest of Your Life).' [PAR] Rick Moranis, Barney Rubble [PAR] Universal/Getty Images [PAR] Then: The character of Fred's best friend and co-worker Barney Rubble was short, so no actors over 5 feet, 6 inches were considered for the part. Danny DeVito was the first choice, but the actor felt he was too gruff, so he suggested 'Ghostbusters' and 'Spaceballs' star Rick Moranis. [PAR] Now: Moranis left acting in 1997 following the death of his wife. His film credits include 'Little Giants,' 'Honey, I Shrunk the Kids,' and 'Big Bully.' Since then, his only acting has been voice work on animated films like 'Brother Bear.' Moranis still releases folk comedy albums, like his 2013 release, 'My Mother's Brisket & Other Love Songs.' [PAR] Rosie O'Donnell, Betty Rubble [PAR] Universal/Getty Images [PAR] Then: Though many thought she did not totally look the part of Barney's wife, Betty, Rosie O'Donnell won the role by perfecting the character's signature giggle. Janine Turner, who appeared in the big-screen version of 'Leave it to Beaver,' was also considered for the part. [PAR] Now: O'Donnell hosted her own daytime talk show until 2002, and made guest appearances on 'Will & Grace,' 'Nip/Tuck' and 'Drop Dead Diva.' She has a recurring role on the ABC Family series 'The Fosters.' [PAR] Kyle MacLachlan, Cliff Vandercave [PAR] Universal/Getty Images [PAR] Then: 'Twin Peaks' star Kyle MacLachlan played the villainous Cliff Vandercave the vice president of the company where Fred and Barney work. Cliff tries to get Fred to unwittingly help him swindle money from the company. [PAR] Now: MacLachlan has appeared on 'Sex and the City,' 'Desperate Housewives' and 'How I Met Your Mother,' and portrays the fictional version of Portland's mayor on the IFC series 'Portlandia.' [PAR] Halle Berry, Sharon Stone [PAR] Universal/Getty Images [PAR] Then: The role"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Simba/Relationships - Disney Wiki - Wikia Simba/Relationships | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Mufasa [PAR] Simba with his father Mufasa. [PAR] Simba and his father had a strong father-son relationship. Simba looked up to Mufasa in every way, and after being chased by the hyenas, he said he was just trying to be brave like him. Mufasa then teaches Simba the proper conduct in times of danger and as a king, and discourages him from taking foolish risks. Simba spent all the time he wasn't with Nala with his father, and Mufasa showed him how to be a good ruler. When his father was killed in the wildebeest stampede caused by the hyenas under Scar 's signal, he was grief-stricken, believing it to be his own fault. It was Mufasa's spiritual guidance that eventually convinced Simba years later to reclaim the throne stolen from him by his diabolical brother. [PAR] In the second film, it is shown that Simba desires to live up to his father's legacy. Several of Simba's actions are based on what he thinks his father would've approved of and done. [PAR] Sarabi [PAR] Adult Simba with his mother Sarabi. [PAR] Simba's mother, as well as the queen of Pride Rock and the mate of Mufasa, Sarabi and Simba have a loving mother-son relationship. She was proud of her son, and like Mufasa, tried to teach him proper conduct and groomed him for his future as the king. She was also protective of him, ensuring that Simba didn't run off to where he could get himself into trouble. When Scar claimed that Simba died alongside Mufasa in the wildebeest stampede, she was heartbroken. Years later, when Simba arrived to save his home, he watched in horror as Scar berated his mother. When Scar struck her down in a fit of rage, Simba immediately came to her defense and comforted her. After assuming him to be Mufasa at first, she was in disbelief to see her son alive, but very elated. After Scar was forced to confess that he killed Mufasa, Sarabi fought by Simba's side and they managed to save their home and avenge her murdered mate. She watched proudly as Simba assumed his throne as intended. [PAR] Scar [PAR] Simba with Scar. [PAR] As a cub, Simba loved his uncle, and would always tell him of his adventures, but Scar never seemed to be even the least bit interested, due to his jealousy of his nephew's royalty status as next in line for the throne. After Simba tells Scar about his father showing him the whole kingdom, Scar deliberately told his nephew about the Elephant Graveyard, hoping that Simba would go there and get himself killed (even though he covered his mouth and pretended he told him by accident). [PAR] Scar sent the hyenas, Shenzi, Banzai and Ed , after Simba to kill him, but this first attempt failed. Later on, Scar led Simba into a deep gorge, and Scar, along with help from the hyenas, caused a stampede of wildebeests in the gorge, intending to kill Simba and his father. He only succeeded in killing Mufasa, his older brother, by throwing him off a high ledge he was clinging on to and into the stampede. He lied to Simba into believing that it was his fault, and that he should run away and never return. Scar then again ordered the hyenas to kill Simba, but they failed once again, unbeknownst to Scar. [PAR] Years later, Simba is now a young adult, and he went to challenge Scar for the throne."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pretty Woman\u2019s 25th Anniversary: Celebs Who Dressed Like ... Pretty Woman's 25th Anniversary: Celebs Who Dressed Like Pretty Woman [PAR] Email [PAR] Sure, Pretty Woman may appear to be a romantic comedy about a hooker with a heart of gold, but let\u2019s be real: it\u2019s really all about the clothes. It would be a whole different film if Vivian Ward (played by Julia Roberts ) didn\u2019t wear those thigh-high leather boots to Rodeo Drive boutiques, or the diamond necklace to the opera (okay, fine, maybe not a whole different movie, but it definitely would have eliminated our favorite lines). So to celebrate the 25th anniversary of a film with so many fashion gems, we\u2019re rounding up our favorite celebrities who have sartorially channeled the film (both literally and figuratively) in real life. [PAR] AKM-GSI; Evan Agostini/AP [PAR] First up: the iconic two-piece \u201cdress\u201d that Vivian wears when she first meets Edward Lewis (Richard Gere\u2019s character). If you can believe it, more than one star has worn this look in recent years. For her 2012 Halloween costume , Emma Roberts went the authentic route (wonder if Roberts just stopped by Aunt Julia\u2019s closet?). Complete with all the accessories (leather boots, red sweatshirt tied around the waist and even the blonde bobbed wig), Roberts had to have had the best costume at the party. Next up, Jennifer Lawrence had the most wearable take on the risqu\u00e9 look (if couture can be considered wearable) in a Dior Haute Couture striped sequin tank and skirt number connected by a ring at her waist. [PAR] GQ British [PAR] [PAR] Another Emma took the cut-out mini for a spin, but Emma Watson went for the \u201cLA law-breaker\u201d theme on the May 2013 cover of GQ U.K. , channeling both Vivian and her character in The Bling Ring (a teen who committed celebrity burglaries). [PAR] A photo posted by StyleWatch (@stylewatchmag) on [PAR] Mar 27, 2014 at 8:48am PDT [PAR] And of course, there are stars who have channeled the film\u2019s less, shall we say, provocative looks in real life. Eva Mendes knew from freshman year of high school that she would recreate Roberts\u2019s iconic red dress for her senior prom. \u201cI held on to the image of her in that red dress \u2026 in the four years I didn\u2019t deviate from my love of that dress,\u201d she told PEOPLE . \u201cI just made a short \u2014 and what I thought was a cooler \u2014 version of that. Looking back, I could have done a lot worse!\u201d [PAR] Jon Kopaloff/FilmMagic; Splash News Online [PAR] Earlier this year, Miley Cyrus compared her shopping trips on Rodeo Drive to the infamous scene in the film when the snooty sales lady wouldn\u2019t wait on Vivian. \u201cIf you walk in, they give you the worst look you\u2019ve ever seen,\u201d she told The Daily Telegraph . Why do we have a feeling that Miley has reenacted this exact moment at some point in her life? [PAR] Mendes was spotted in another look that is so similar to Vivian\u2019s polo match A-line polka dot dress, we have to assume the movie played inspiration for Mendes\u2019s nearly identical frock. While Vivian matched the print to her hat, Mendes took a different approach and went with matching patterned tights. [PAR] What\u2019s your favorite look from the movie? Which celeb\u2019s take do you want to try out? Share your thoughts below! [PAR] \u2013Colleen Kratofil [PAR] Why Pretty Woman Makes Julia Roberts Cry [PAR] [brightcoveplayer 604532915001][DOC] [TLE] Pretty Woman (1990) - Caroline Young \u2013 Classic Hollywood ... Pretty Woman (1990) \u2013 Caroline Young [PAR] January"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Treasure Island (1950) - Watch Turner Classic Movies on TCM Treasure Island (1950) [PAR] Remind Me [PAR] Treasure Island (1950) [PAR] Treasure Island (1950) is probably the movie that most inspires people to do the stereotypical \"aaaargh!\" pirate imitation. The character of Long John Silver has been around since the 1883 publication of Robert Louis Stevenson's adventure novel on which the film is based. There have also been many film and television adaptations before and since, the best known being Victor Fleming's 1934 version that reunited the stars of The Champ (1931), Wallace Beery and child actor Jackie Cooper, as Silver and the young Jim Hawkins. Yet it's Robert Newton's performance as the pirate in this Disney adaptation that has remained the most iconic and the most widely seen. [PAR] Stevenson's story, in fact, has been the most influential on our perception of pirates, particularly Long John Silver: one-legged with a parrot on the shoulder, a gnarled face, constantly in search of buried treasure with the aid of a cryptic map marked with an X. Young Jim Hawkins's adventures with Long John Silver in search of such treasure formed the bones of Stevenson's plot, which along with rousing action also offered an atmospheric coming-of-age story and an astute comment on the nature of morality. These essential elements made it more or less intact into Disney's 1950 film version, the studio's first non-animated feature. [PAR] Originally, Walt Disney planned to make the movie as a full-length cartoon, but thanks to rising production expenses (not least the costly loss of a bitter labor dispute with his animators), the money men at the studio strongly encouraged Disney to make live-action movies as a way of climbing out of the red. So he chose this project as his first venture into that territory, and it paid off handsomely. [PAR] The decision to film in England, rather than the West Indian setting of the story, was also financially motivated. Sales of Disney product had stockpiled quite a bit of money in the UK, whose laws prevented their pounds sterling from being exchanged totally into American dollars, so the studio decided to use the frozen funds to make the picture there, using a director less well known and less expensive. Byron Haskin had been a successful special effects specialist since the late silent period, primarily at Warner Brothers, with such films to his credit as A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), The Sea Hawk (1940), and Passage to Marseille (1944). His directorial career prior to this consisted of only four silents and four post-war B movies including the Burt Lancaster film noir, I Walk Alone [1948]. Haskin's work on Treasure Island led to a few bigger projects, among them The War of the Worlds (1953), The Naked Jungle (1954), and a non-Disney, Australian-based sequel, Long John Silver (1954), again starring Newton as the pirate. [PAR] In an interview conducted by Joe Adamson, Haskin recalled his reason for accepting the Treasure Island assignment: \"I needed a film at the time I talked with Walt, and sure, I'd do Treasure Island in England. Who wouldn't? Of course, the deal was for peanuts. Total fee was $25,000. As it turned out we were nine months on the stage with this thing. Me and the gateman were getting about the same wages. And I was there several additional months after.\" [PAR] Despite fairly smooth financial sailing abroad, the Treasure Island production did encounter a problem with Britain's child labor laws. Child star Bobby Driscoll was not quite 13 at the time of the production and only allowed to stay"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] greatest movie quotes - American Film Institute American Film Institute [PAR] President Emerita, American Film Institute [PAR] \"I'm going to let you in on a little secret...and tell you that six of tonight's greatest movie quotes come from one film. CASABLANCA. [PAR] In the eight years we've aired these specials, CASABLANCA has been honored in seven of them. And when we counted down the greatest love stories of all time...it was #1. [PAR] This kind of movie trivia is fun, but the movies are never trivial. Consider MRS. MINIVER ...a film released the same year as CASABLANCA. Its closing lines were so powerful to President Franklin Roosevelt, that he ordered them printed on millions of leaflets and dropped over Nazi-occupied Europe.\" [PAR] Jean Picker Firstenberg [PAR] AFI'S 100 YEARS...100 MOVIE QUOTES [PAR] 06.21.05 [PAR] VICAR [PAR] This is the people's war! It is our war! We are the fighters! Fight it, then! Fight it with all that is in us, and may God defend the right. [PAR] MRS. MINIVER MGM, 1942 [PAR] SCREENWRITERS Arthur Wimperis, George Froeschel, James Hilton, Claudine West [PAR] DIRECTOR William Wyler [PAR] PRODUCERS William Wyler, Sidney Franklin [PAR] MRS. MINIVER [PAR] Click here to view the quote! [PAR] SELECTION CRITERIA [PAR] AFI distributed a ballot with 400 nominated movie quotes to a jury of over 1,500 leaders from the creative community, including film artists (directors, screenwriters, actors, editors, cinematographers), critics and historians. [PAR] Jury members were asked to choose up to 100 movie quotes from a comprehensive list, including entries such as \"Here's lookin' at you, kid\" (CASABLANCA), \"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn\" (GONE WITH THE WIND), \"Why don't you come up sometime and see me?\" (SHE DONE HIM WRONG), \"May the Force be with you\" (STAR WARS), \"Houston, we have a problem\" (APOLLO 13), \"Snap out of it!\" (MOONSTRUCK), \"You can't handle the truth!\" (A FEW GOOD MEN), \"I'll be back\" (THE TERMINATOR) and \"Show me the money!\" (JERRY MAGUIRE). [PAR] Due to the extensive number of memorable movie lines in American film, jurors could also write in votes for up to five quotes that may not already appear on the ballot. [PAR] Jurors were asked to consider the following criteria in making their selections: [PAR] MOVIE QUOTE [PAR] A statement, phrase or brief exchange of dialogue spoken in an American film.* (Lyrics from songs are not eligible.) [PAR] CULTURAL IMPACT [PAR] Movie Quotes that viewers use in their own lives and situations; circulating through popular culture, they become part of the national lexicon. [PAR] LEGACY [PAR] Movie Quotes that viewers use to evoke the memory of a treasured film, thus ensuring and enlivening its historical legacy. [PAR] *AFI defines an American film as an English language motion picture with significant creative and/or financial production elements from the United States. Additionally, only Movie Quotes from feature-length American films released before January 1, 2004, will be considered. AFI defines a feature-length film as a motion picture of narrative format that is typically over 60 minutes in length. [PAR] INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE BALLOT [PAR] Chronologically, the ballot spans from 1927, with the first full-length sound film, THE JAZZ SINGER: \"Wait a minute, wait a minute. You ain't heard nothin' yet!\" to 2002 and \"My precious\" from THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE TWO TOWERS. [PAR] CASABLANCA has seven quotes in AFI's ballot, making it the most represented film. [PAR] THE WIZARD OF OZ is the second most represented film with six quotes. [PAR] Humphrey Bogart has 10 quotes on the ballot, the most represented male actor. Al Pacino and the Marx"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clarice Starling - Hannibal Wiki - Wikia Clarice Starling | Hannibal Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] In The Silence of the Lambs, Starling is a student at the FBI Academy. She hopes to work at the Behavioral Science Unit, tracking down serial killers and ultimately apprehending them. Her mentor, FBI director Jack Crawford, sends her to interview Dr. Hannibal Lecter , a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer. He is housed in a Baltimore mental institution. Upon arriving at the asylum for her first interview with Lecter, the asylum manager Frederick Chilton makes a crude pass at her, which she rebuffs; this helps her bond with Lecter, who also despises Chilton. As time passes, Lecter gives Starling information about Buffalo Bill, a currently active serial killer being hunted by the FBI, but only in exchange for personal information, which Crawford has specifically warned her to keep secret from Lecter. [PAR] She tells Lecter that she was raised in a small town in West Virginia with her father, a police officer. When she was about 10 years old, her father was shot when responding to a robbery; he died a month after the incident. Starling was sent to live with her uncle on a Montana sheep and horse farm, from which she briefly ran away in horror when she witnessed the lambs being slaughtered (the title of the book refers to her being haunted by the screaming she heard from the lambs). [PAR] She spent the rest of her childhood in a Lutheran orphanage. According to the novel, Starling attended the University of Virginia as a double major in psychology and criminology. During that time, she spent two summers working as a counselor in a mental health center. Starling first met Jack Crawford when he was a guest lecturer at UVA. His criminology seminars were a factor in her decision to join the FBI. [PAR] During the investigation, Starling is assigned to coax Lecter into revealing Buffalo Bill's identity; Lecter gives her clues in the form of cryptic, riddling information designed to help Starling figure it out for herself. The two grow to respect each other, so when Lecter escapes during a transfer engineered by Chilton to a state prison in Tennessee, Starling feels that he \"would consider it rude\" to attack her by surprise and kill her without talking to her first. [PAR] Starling deduces from Lecter's hints that Buffalo Bill's first victim had a personal relationship with him, and so goes to the victim's home in Belvedere, Ohio, to interview people who knew her. She unknowingly stumbles onto the killer himself, Jame Gumb (he is living under the alias \"Jack Gordon\" when they meet). When she sees a Death's Head moth, the same rare kind that Bill stuffs in the throats of each of his victims, flutter through the house, she knows that she has found her man and tries to arrest him. Gumb flees, and Starling follows him into his basement, where his latest victim is alive and screaming for help. Gumb turns off the electricity in the basement, and stalks Starling through the rooms wearing night vision goggles. He is about to shoot her when she hears him behind her and opens fire into the darkness, killing him. The victim is rescued. [PAR] Weeks later, Lecter writes Starling a letter from a hotel room somewhere in Detroit asking her if the lambs have stopped screaming. [PAR] The final scene of the novel has Starling sleeping peacefully at a friend's vacation house at the Maryland seashore. [PAR] Hannibal [PAR] Edit [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 18 January 2017 6:08 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ( 1968 ) [PAR] G | [PAR] A down-on-his-luck inventor turns a broken-down Grand Prix car into a fancy vehicle for his children, and then they go off on a magical fantasy adventure to save their grandfather in a far-off land. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 08 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A magical nanny helps bring the two children she's in charge of closer to their father through songs and magical adventures. [PAR] Director: Robert Stevenson [PAR] An apprentice witch, three kids and a cynical conman search for the missing component to a magic spell useful to the defense of Britain. [PAR] Director: Robert Stevenson [PAR] Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. [PAR] Director: Mel Stuart [PAR] A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. [PAR] Director: Robert Wise [PAR] Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. [PAR] Director: Carol Reed [PAR] Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, and 5 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc [PAR] Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] An eccentric professor invents wacky machinery but can't seem to make ends meet. When he invents a revolutionary car, a foreign government becomes interested in it and resorts to skulduggery to get their hands on it. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> [PAR] Get a \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" Out of Life! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 18 December 1968 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Tschitti Tschitti B\u00e4ng B\u00e4ng See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Seven different Chitties were built: a worn-out one, a restored one, one for the flying scenes, one for the water scenes and three partial models for various other scenes. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] In the candy factory scene, the colour and cut of Mr. Potts' haircut changes right before the Toot Sweet musical number. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Truly Scrumptious : [referring to helping the children] It's a beautiful dream Caractacus, but... I don't see how it's gonna help them. [PAR] [Truly looks at the children around them and Caractacus stands up] [PAR] Caracticus Potts : [confident]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What was the truth about the madness of George III ... - BBC What was the truth about the madness of George III? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] What was the truth about the madness of George III? [PAR] 15 April 2013 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Nigel Hawthorne in the National Theatre production of The Madness of George III [PAR] Modern medicine may help us to discover the real reasons behind King George III's erratic behaviour, writes historian Lucy Worsley. [PAR] George III is well known in children's history books for being the \"mad king who lost America\". [PAR] In recent years, though, it has become fashionable among historians to put his \"madness\" down to the physical, genetic blood disorder called porphyria. Its symptoms include aches and pains, as well as blue urine. [PAR] The theory formed the basis of a long-running play by Alan Bennett, The Madness of George III, which was later adapted for film starring Nigel Hawthorne in the title role. [PAR] However, a new research project based at St George's, University of London, has concluded that George III did actually suffer from mental illness after all. [PAR] A royal biography [PAR] George William Frederick born in London 1738, died Windsor Castle 1820 [PAR] King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 and King of Hanover from 1814 until his death [PAR] Became heir to the throne at 12 when his father, Frederick Louis, died in 1751 [PAR] Wed Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1761 - the marriage lasted for 50 years [PAR] Intermittently mad for the last 11 years of his reign, during which his son - the future George IV - acted as regent [PAR] And the four Georges [PAR] Using the evidence of thousands of George III's own handwritten letters, Dr Peter Garrard and Dr Vassiliki Rentoumi have been analysing his use of language. They have discovered that during his episodes of illness, his sentences were much longer than when he was well. [PAR] A sentence containing 400 words and eight verbs was not unusual. George III, when ill, often repeated himself, and at the same time his vocabulary became much more complex, creative and colourful. [PAR] These are features that can be seen today in the writing and speech of patients experiencing the manic phase of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder. [PAR] Mania, or harmful euphoria, is at one end of a spectrum of mood disorders, with sadness, or depression, at the other. George's being in a manic state would also match contemporary descriptions of his illness by witnesses. [PAR] They spoke of his \"incessant loquacity\" and his habit of talking until the foam ran out of his mouth. Sometimes he suffered from convulsions, and his pages had to sit on him to keep him safe on the floor. [PAR] The researchers have even thrown doubt on one of the key planks in the case for porphyria, the blue urine. George III's medical records show that the king was given medicine based on gentian. This plant, with its deep blue flowers, is still used today as a mild tonic, but may turn the urine blue. [PAR] So maybe it wasn't the king's \"madness\" that caused his most famous symptom. It could have simply been his medicine. [PAR] I interviewed the researchers at St George's for a new documentary series, Fit To Rule: How Royal Illness Changed History. [PAR] In this series, I re-examine our kings and queens as individual members of the human race, rather than just as impregnable icons of splendour and power. They"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Video: Watch: Highlights of the Eurovision Song Contest ... Video: Watch: Highlights of the Eurovision Song Contest final 2015 in Vienna - Telegraph [PAR] Sweden's Mans Zelmerlow won the final of the Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna on Sunday, beating Russia and Italy in the world's biggest international music show. [PAR] The 28-year-old singer and TV presenter, who had been a bookmakers' favourite, performed the winning electro-pop ballad \"Heroes,\" dancing in front of a black screen with animated gnomes. [PAR] Mans Zelmerloew representing Sweden celebrates winning the final of the 60th annual Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna (Reuters) [PAR] Sweden has won the 60-year-old competition six times, more than any other nation apart from Ireland. Sweden won most recently in 2012 with \"Euphoria\" by Loreen and now gets to host the contest again next year. [PAR] This year's theme was Building Bridges, which many artists interpreted as an appeal for tolerance in performances that included a gay kiss scene by Lithuania. [PAR] \"We are all heroes no matter who we love, who we are or what we believe in,\" Zelmerlow told the crowd in Vienna after getting a hug from last year's victor, bearded drag queen Conchita Wurst of Austria. [PAR] He beat Russia's Polina Gagarina, whose song \"A Million Voices\" reaped top scores from most former Soviet satellite states that earned angry jeers from the crowd in Austria. [PAR] Mans Zelmerlow representing Sweden performs the song 'Heroes' (AP) [PAR] \"Please remember that our motto is building bridges and that music should stand over politics tonight,\" presenter Alice Tumler told the audience. [PAR] The annual kitsch-fest was watched last year by more than 195 million people in 45 countries, or more viewers than the Super Bowl. [PAR] This year China broadcast the world's longest running music competition, a fixture in the gay calendar, live for the first time. [PAR] While viewers are often puzzled by the inclusion of countries outside Europe such as Israel, which qualifies thanks to membership of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), this year the net was cast even wider. [PAR] To mark 60 years since the first Eurovision in 1955, Australia was given a wild card entry and singer Guy Sebastian and his up-tempo song \"Tonight Again,\" a big hit with the crowds in Austria, finished fifth. [PAR] Singer Guy Sebastian (R) representing Australia performs the song \"Tonight Again\" (Reuters) [PAR] Eurovision is hugely popular in Australia, where about 3 million people watched it last year, and broadcaster SBS is an associate member of the EBU. [PAR] Recent hosts have spent an average of 25 million euros on staging the event. But EBU media director Jean Philip de Tender said it was possible to host it for 11 million euros, allowing the host nation to breakeven, meaning even small or cash-strapped countries have a chance.[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision: Sweden's Mans Zelmerlow Wins Song Contest ... Eurovision: Sweden's Mans Zelmerlow Wins Song Contest - NBC News [PAR] advertisement [PAR] VIENNA \u2014 Sweden's Mans Zelmerlow won the final of the Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna on Sunday, beating Russia and Italy in the world's biggest international music show. [PAR] The 28-year-old singer and TV presenter, who had been a bookmakers' favorite, performed the winning electro-pop ballad \"Heroes,\" dancing in front of a black screen with animated gnomes. [PAR] Sweden has won the 60-year-old competition six times, more than any other nation apart from Ireland. Sweden won most recently in 2012 with \"Euphoria\" by Loreen and now gets to host the contest again next year. [PAR] This year's theme was Building Bridges, which many artists interpreted as an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nul Points - Eurovision Song Contest Wiki - Wikia Nul Points | Eurovision Song Contest Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Jahn Teigen at the 1978 contest, said to be the most famous \"nul pointer\" of all [PAR] \"Nul Points\" is considered to be the most famous phenomenon of the Eurovision Song Contest . The term refers to an entry (or entries) that fails to earn a single point. It is often preceded by the words \"the dreaded\", as it is the one score that every country is determined to avoid getting. [PAR] To date, there have been 36 victims of \"nul points\" in the finals, with 2 entries even failing to get a single point in the semifinals and even 3 entries not getting a point on one half of the split vote system. [PAR] The most unfortunate victims are Norway and Austria, having each scored \"nul points\" 4 times. [PAR] As of 2016, it is deemed almost impossible to attain nul points due to the new voting system . [PAR] Contents[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision Song Contest: The nul points hall of shame ... Eurovision Song Contest: The nul points hall of shame! - CelebsNow [PAR] CelebsNow [PAR] Eurovision Song Contest: The nul points hall of shame! [PAR] 10:02 am - 23/05/15 [PAR] TAGS: Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] It\u2019s the Eurovision Song Contest \u2018honour\u2019 that nobody wants \u2013 a place in the nul points hall of shame! [PAR] Over the years several unlucky contestants have failed to score a single point in the music competition, guaranteeing them entry to this, erm, \u2018illustrious\u2019 list. [PAR] In the early days of the kitsch contest \u2013 which was first held in 1956 \u2013 it was actually quite easy to score nothing at all. During the 1960s it was a regular occurrence to have several countries go home empty-handed due to a different voting system. [PAR] But when the scoring was changed in 1975 it became harder to get nul points, ultimately making it all the more embarrassing. We\u2019ve been taking a look at some of the infamous few to enter the nul points record books\u2026 [PAR] Jahn Teigen \u2013 Norway, 1978 [PAR] Poor Jahn Teigen became the first entrant to score nothing under the new scoring system in 1978. His song Mil Etter Mil failed to impress but was actually a big success in his home country of Norway. Brave Jahn wasn\u2019t deterred by his Eurovision failure and returned as Norway\u2019s entry for the competition in 1982 and 1983, where he thankfully managed to score points. [PAR] Finn Kalvik \u2013 Norway, 1981 [PAR] The Norwegians clearly didn\u2019t have much luck back in the day. Some might consider it a bit shocking that their 1981 entrant Finn Kalvik didn\u2019t get a single point for the song Aldri I Livet, as the track was produced by ABBA\u2018s Benny Andersson and featured backing vocals from his bandmates Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad. It was all to no avail though \u2013 sorry, Finn. [PAR] Thomas Forstner \u2013 Austria, 1991 [PAR] It was second time unlucky for Austria\u2019s entry Thomas Forstner in 1991. He might have reached the top five when he previously entered the contest in 1989 but two years later his tune Venedig Im Regen left him in last place with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision Song Contest 1988 - Winner - Switzerland ... Eurovision Song Contest 1988 - Winner - Switzerland - C\u00e9line Dion - Ne Partez Pas Sans Moi - YouTube [PAR] Eurovision Song Contest 1988 - Winner - Switzerland - C\u00e9line Dion - Ne Partez Pas Sans Moi [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 30, 2011 [PAR] Eurovision Song Contest 1988 - Winner - Switzerland - C\u00e9line Dion - Ne Partez Pas Sans Moi [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision Winners Videos - 2000s - Eurovision Song Contest Eurovision Winners Videos - 2000s [PAR] 2000s [PAR] 2009 - Norway [PAR] Alexander Rybak, \"Fairytale\" [PAR] Fairytale was elected through the Norwegian festival Melodi Grand Prix 2009. Rybak's song won in the biggest landslide of the contest's history, and competed against eighteen other Eurovision entries in the second semi-final on 14 May 2009, where it qualified for the final. The final took place on May 16, and the song won with 387 points \u2013 a new ESC record. It was Norway's third Eurovision Song Contest win. The backing dancers for the Eurovision performance, Sigbj\u00f8rn Rua, Torkjell Lunde B\u00f8rsheim and Hallgrim Hanseg\u00e5rd, are from the Norwegian dance company Frikar, performing the folk dance halling. The backing singers, Jorunn Hauge and Karianne Kj\u00e6rnes, wore long pink dresses designed by Norwegian designer Leila Hafzi. [PAR] 2008 - Russia [PAR] Dima Bilan, \"Believe\" [PAR] \"Believe\" is the winning Russian entry for the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest sung by Dima Bilan. The song was composed and written by Jim Beanz (aka. James Washington) & Dima Bilan. On 20 May 2008 Bilan sang in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest, and the song was voted into the final by public vote. It was performed 24th out of 25 songs in the final on 24 May 2008. [PAR] The Russian figure skater, Olympic gold medalist and three-time world champion Evgeni Plushenko, skated on artificial ice on stage as part of the song performance, while the Hungarian composer and violinist Edvin Marton played his Stradivarius. This song won the Eurovision Song Contest 2008, finishing with a total of 272 points, becoming the fourth ex-Soviet Union country to win the annual contest. [PAR] Traditionally the country that takes first place in Eurovision hosts the next contest. With the victory of Dima Bilan with his song Believe the following Eurovision was held in Moscow although many people wanted to see it in St. Petersburg. The performance of Dima Bilan cost the country \u20ac10,000,000 but the show brought victory to Russia which was priceless. With so much money and efforts put into the preparation of the show Russia finally won it\u2019s right to host Eurovision for the first time in the history of the contest. [PAR] Not only fans were happy for Dima Bilan. Dmitriy Medvedev, the president of Russia, admitted that he himself watched the contest and called right away to congratulate Dima and all the team. He mentioned that it\u2019s not only Dima\u2019s personal victory, but triumph of the whole country. [PAR] Dima Bilan also represented Russia at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2006, with the dark pop song \"Never Let You Go\", where he took second place. [PAR] 2007 - Serbia [PAR] Marija Serifovic, \"Molitva\" [PAR] \"Molitva\" (Cyrillic: \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430; English: \"Prayer\") is a song by Serbian singer Marija \u0160erifovi\u0107. It was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 2007. It was Serbia's Eurovision debut as an independent nation; the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro having dissolved in June 2006. The song was released as a CD single in nine different versions on June 27, 2007 by Connective Records. [PAR] Molitva was the first song containing no English language lyrics to win since 1998; the 2004 winner \"Wild Dances\" by Ruslana had been sung mostly in Ukrainian but contained some English phrases. It was also the first time a ballad has won since televoting became the standard. The song is also notable for its stage presentation because it lacked dance routines, revealing or showy costumes, pyrotechnics and other gimmicks. The Eurovision Song Contest is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EUROVISION SONG CONTEST - SPEEDACE.INFO EUROVISION SONG CONTEST [PAR] Overview [PAR] [PAR] The Contest's name comes from the EBU's Eurovision TV distribution network. Because it is the highest-profile event distributed by the network, the Song Contest itself is often simply called \"Eurovision\" (especially in the United Kingdom , which transmits fewer Eurovision Network broadcasts than most continental countries). ESC is an abbreviation used when referring to the Contest on websites and in forums. [PAR] [PAR] The structure of the Contest is as follows: [PAR] [PAR] Each country, through a variety of means, chooses an artist and song to represent them. [PAR] Each song from every country is then performed once on the night, vocally live. [PAR] After all songs have been performed, viewers have ten minutes to vote for their favourite song. Viewers can not vote for their own country e.g. voters in Ireland can not vote for the Irish entry. [PAR] All the votes are added up per country (e.g. all of the votes from Irish televoters, from French voters etc.) [PAR] Each country, via satellite link, reveals its votes. The top ten songs voted for in each country receive points, from 1-8, then 10 and 12 points. Points are announced per country in reverse order. [PAR] In the end, the winner is the country with the most points. In a tie, it is the country with (any number of) points awarded from most countries that wins. [PAR] The winning country receives the honour of hosting the next year's Contest. [PAR] [PAR] The programme can reach a potential television audience of more than one billion. Any member of the EBU (even those outside Europe) may participate in the Contest. Of these non-European members, only Israel and Morocco have participated in the Contest. Lebanon had planned to enter the 2005 Contest, but they were forced to withdraw because they admitted that they could not be sure the broadcast wouldn't be cut whilst Israel were performing. [PAR] [PAR] The theme music played before and after the broadcasts of the Eurovision Song Contest (and other Eurovision broadcasts) is the prelude to Marc-Antoine Charpentier's setting of Te Deum. [PAR] [PAR] History [PAR] [PAR] In the event of a tie it used to be the song with the most twelve points which won (as was the case in 1991) however it is now the song which received any points from the most countries which wins the tiebreak [PAR] [PAR] Rules [PAR] [PAR] The official rules of the Contest are long, technical, and ever-changing. Many of the rules cover technical aspects of the television broadcast itself. However, a few of the more important rules affecting the conduct and outcome of the Contest follow. (Link to the full rules for the 2005 Contest) [PAR] [PAR] Number of Songs [PAR] [PAR] Each country is entitled to enter just one song. The Contest final is limited to 24 songs. For the 2006 Contest in Greece , the countries that will take those places fall into three categories. [PAR] [PAR] The countries with the ten highest scores in the final of the 2005 Contest. (Greece, Malta, Romania, Israel , Latvia, Moldova, Switzerland , Norway , and Denmark ) (After Serbia & Montenegro's withdrawal on 20 March, 2006, Croatia (11th in the 2005 final) goes through to the 2006 final) [PAR] The four largest contributors to the EBU general budget. ( France , Germany , Spain , and the United Kingdom) [PAR] The countries with the ten highest scores in the semi-final of the 2006 Contest. (To be chosen from among Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium , Bosnia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stock Auditor 2006 Annual by KPS Media - issuu Stock Auditor 2006 Annual by KPS Media - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] All six issues from 2006 [PAR] Stock Auditor www.iltsa.co.uk [PAR] THE MAGAZINE FOR THE INSTITUTE OF LICENSED TRADE STOCK AUDITORS [PAR] ISSUE 63 [PAR] Page 6 The first Fifty Years [PAR] Page 8 The New Generation of Brewers [PAR] 53rd A.G.M. Mildenhall, Suffolk 19th - 21st May 2006 See pages 10 & 11 [PAR] New Licensing Hours Page 13 www.iltsa.co.uk [PAR] Page 16 [PAR] I have tried to monitor how the extended hours have affected my clients and find that there has been no major improvement in trade, in fact Christmas appears to have been rather flat in the majority of cases. Yes, there was the usual increase in trade but it seemed shorter and not as marked as in previous years. Perhaps this should have been expected as there has been no significant increase in drinkers, they have only so much money to spend, just slightly more time in which to [PAR] spend it. As I write January figures are coming in and I see a drop in takings compared with last year. The Licensed Trade faces an estimated bill of some 120 million pounds to implement the Act \u2013 and that figure can only rise as other costs become apparent. I would welcome your appraisal of the new hours \u2013 are your clients finding that they cost more than they are worth \u2013 indeed do they take advantage of the extra hours ? [PAR] ILTSA TRAINING COURSE - Craiglands Hotel - 16th to 20th March 2006 [PAR] From The Editor [PAR] Chris Swift Tel:- 01422 316641 chrisswift@iltsa.co.uk [PAR] 01968 670600 President & Chair Exam & Training [PAR] Happy New Year to you all ! After a very relaxing Christmas, January has been an extremely busy month. There is much uncertainty within the Licensed Trade at the moment, the extended hours have not produced the expected\u2019fix all\u2019 for all the trade problems. In fact there are many more pitfalls for the unwary licensee. One of my clients was ordered to close at eight on a busy Friday night by the Police \u2013 the reason there was a fight outside the pub which had nothing at all to do with the premises. When the licensee emptied his pub he was then criticised for telling his customers it was an order from the Police. In another case locally a long standing licensee was the victim of a \u2018sting\u2019 operation organised by the Police along with Trading Standards Officers. On \u2018Mad Friday\u2019 when customers were six deep at the bar they sent in an underage person to see if they would be served. The Licensee was fined on the spot. He was also Vice Chairman of the local Pub watch scheme and has resigned in disgust. Whilst in no way exonerating underage sales I feel there must be far more worthwhile areas for the Police to concentrate on. In another bizarre situation a Barnsley Licensee had gone on holiday to replenish his batteries only to be informed that his pub had been shut down by the Police \u2013 The reason, his relief manager did not hold the requisite personal license ! The threat of ADZ\u2019s ( Alcohol Disorder Zones ) still hangs over the trade and the [PAR] Steve Berry F.I.L.S.A. [PAR] steveberry@iltsa.co.uk Favourite food :\u2018 Real Spanish Paella\u2018 [PAR] Trevor Perrott F.I.L.S.A.. 01483 829437 Treasurer trevorperrott@iltsa.co.uk Favourite food :\u2018 A hot curry \u2019 [PAR] Smoking ban may well put a further nail in the coffin. Is it any"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Eurovision facts and figures - Media Centre BBC - Eurovision facts and figures - Media Centre [PAR] The Eurovision Song Contest 2012 [PAR] Engelbert Humperdinck to sing Love Will Set You Free [PAR] Eurovision facts and figures [PAR] The first ever Eurovision Song Contest took place on the 24th of May, 1956, in Lugano, Switzerland [PAR] In 54 years, over 1,200 songs have competed in the Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] Dutch conductor Dolf van der Linde conducted for seven different countries (Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland) [PAR] Johnny Logan won the Eurovision Song Contest three times. In 1980 and 1987 he represented Ireland as performer and won both times, in 1992 he wrote Linda Martin's winning entry Why Me [PAR] Poland made the most impressive debute in 1994, when Edyta Gorniak came 2nd with To Nie Ja, closely followed by Serbia's victory in 2007. Although Serbia & Montenegro was represented twice before, it was the first time that Serbia took part as an independent country [PAR] Norway can be found at the bottom of the list as many as ten times. They came last in 1963, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1981, 1990, 1997, 2001 and 2004. They also won three times (in 1985, 1995 and 2009) [PAR] Ireland won a record 7 times, Luxembourg, France and the United Kingdom 5 times. Sweden and the Netherlands won 4 times. [PAR] ABBA is the most successful Eurovision Song Contest winner. The Swedish pop band won the contest in 1974. [PAR] In 2001, the largest audience ever attended the Eurovision Song Contest. Almost 38,000 people gathered at Copenhagen's Parken Stadium. [PAR] The most covered Eurovision Song Contest song is Domenico Modugno's Nel Blu Di Pinto Di Blu, also known as Volare. The song has been covered by stars Frank Sinatra, Cliff Richard and David Bowie. [PAR] Televoting was introduced in 1997 [PAR] In 2004, the first televised Eurovision Song Contest semi-final took place. In 2008, a second semi-final was introduced. [PAR] Recently, the contest was won by Greece (2005), Finland (2006), Serbia (2007), Russia (2008) Norway (2009), Germany (2010) and Azerbaijan (2011). [PAR] In 2007, 90 million people saw the Eurovision Song Contest, in 2008 105 million people tuned in. In 2009, 125 million people watched the competition and over 10 million phone and SMS votes were cast for the Eurovision Song Contest. [PAR] Most winning songs were performed in English - songs (mostly) in English won 22 times. French is also popular with 14 victories, Dutch and Hebrew songs won 3 times each. [PAR] Baku [PAR] After Ell and Nikki took the title for Azerbaijan last year, the contest travels to the city of Baku. Baku, also known as Baky or Bak\u0131, is the largest city in the Caucasus and is the capital of Azerbaijan. It is situated on the western coast of the Caspian Sea and the population of the city is now around 3.7 million. [PAR] The Eurovision Song contest will take place in Baku\u2019s Crystal Arena, which for this event has a seating capacity of over 16,000. [PAR] Participating countries [PAR] United Kingdom [PAR] Contest highlights [PAR] 1955 - The concept of the Eurovision Song Contest was the brainchild of EBU Director Marcel Bezen\u00e7on [PAR] 1956 - The first Eurovision Song Contest took place in Lugano, Switzerland, on the 24th of May [PAR] 1958 - Italy\u2019s Domenico Modugno finishes 3rd with Nel Blu Di Pinto Di Blu, better known as Volare. It would become the most covered song in the history of Eurovision [PAR] 1964 - A demonstrator manages to reach"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The American January 2009 by Blue Edge Publishing Ltd. - issuu The American January 2009 by Blue Edge Publishing Ltd. - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] THE ESSENTIAL MONTHLY FOR ALL AMERICANS [PAR] Est. 1976 [PAR] THE AMERICAN \u2022 JANUARY 2009 \u2022 Issue 669 [PAR] \u00ae [PAR] HAPPY NEW YEAR ...and enjoy Burns Night RESTAURANT REVIEWS MUSIC \u2022 ARTS SPORTS \u2022 POLITICS [PAR] www.theamerican.co.uk [PAR] MANDY PATINKIN Theater reviews including [PAR] TREASURE ISLAND [PAR] @l\u00c0k\u00dc~~\u0087\u00b6\u00dcaf\u00dcC8\u009e [PAR] :Ydd\u00dc^ja]f\\k\u00dcYf\\\u00dc^Yeadq\u00dcaf\u00dcl`]\u00dcLJ8\u00dco`]f]n]j\u00dcqgm\u00c0j]\u00dcgf\u00dcl`]\u00dcegn]\u00dcaf\u00dcl`]\u00dcLB K\u00a5DgZad]\u00dchYq\u00dcegfl`dq\u00dc[mklge]jk\u00dc_]l\u00dc~\u007f\u0082\u00dceafml]k\u00dc^gj\u00dc\u0088\u0082\u00dcY\u00dcegfl`\u00dcoal`\u00dcK\u00a5DgZad]\u00c0k\u00dcLJ8\u00dc\u00ad\u00dc:YfY\\Y\u00dcGYkk\u0091\u00dc K]pl\u00dc:~\u00dclg\u00dc \u0084\u0086\u00dclg\u00dcY\\\\\u00dcqgmj\u00dchYkk\u00dclg\\Yq\u0091 [PAR] K`]\u00dcd]_Yd\u00dcklm^^\u0092\u00dcNal`\u00dcgmj\u00dcLJ8\u00dc\u00ad\u00dc:YfY\\Y\u00dcGYkk\u0096\u00dcK\u00a5DgZad]\u00dchYq\u00dcegfl`dq\u00dc[mklge]jk\u00dcoadd\u00dc_]l\u00dc~\u007f\u0082\u00dcaf[dmkan]\u00dceafml]k\u00dclg\u00dcmk]\u00dcYfq\u00dclae]\u0096\u00dc^gj\u00dc\u0088\u0082\u00dcY\u00dcegfl`\u0091\u00dcK`Yl\u00dcogjck\u00dcgml\u00dcYl\u00dcYf\u00dc]imanYd]fl\u00dchja[]\u00dcg^\u00dc\u0081h\u00dch]j\u00dceafml]\u0091\u00dcPgmj\u00dchYkk\u00dc eafml]k\u00dcYj]\u00dc^gj\u00dc[Yddk\u00dceY\\]\u00dc^jge\u00dcl`]\u00dcLB\u00dclg\u00dcegZad]k\u00dcYf\\\u00dcdYf\\daf]k\u0091\u00dc:Yddk\u00dclg\u00dchj]eame\u00dcjYl]\u00dcfmeZ]jk\u00dcYf\\\u00dcgl`]j\u00dcfgf\u00a5_]g_jYh`a[\u00dcfmeZ]jk\u00dc\u00a9o`a[`\u00dc[Yf\u00dcnYjq\u00dcgn]j\u00dclae]\u00aa\u00dcYj]f\u00c0l\u00dcaf[dm\\]\\\u00dcYf\\\u00dco]\u00dc`Yn]\u00dcY\u00dceafaeme\u00dc[Ydd\u00dc[`Yj_]\u00dc g^\u00dc\u0082\u0087h\u0091\u00dcPgmj\u00dchYkk\u00dcoadd\u00dcdYkl\u00dc^gj\u00dc\u0081\u007f\u00dc\\Yqk\u0091\u00dcN]\u00c0j]\u00dcY^jYa\\\u00dcl`Yl\u00dcl`ak\u00dchdYf\u00dcakf\u00c0l\u00dc^gj\u00dcZmkaf]kk\u00dcj]_akl]j]\\\u00dc[mklge]jk\u00dcYf\\\u00dcqgm\u00dceYq\u00dc`Yn]\u00dclg\u00dchYq\u00dcY\u00dc\\]hgkal\u0091 [PAR] The American \u00ae [PAR] Issue 669 \u2013 January 2009 Published by Blue Edge Publishing Ltd. Old Byre House, East Knoyle, Salisbury SP3 6AW, UK Publisher: Michael Burland +44 (0)1747 830328 theamerican@blueedge.co.uk Please contact us with your news or article ideas Advertising & Promotions: Sabrina Sully, Commercial Director Nadia Abd Rabbo, Ad Manager +44 (0)1747 830520 sabrina.theamerican@blueedge.co.uk nadia.theamerican@blueedge.co.uk Subscriptions enquiries: Phone +44 (0)1747 830328, email theamerican@blueedge.co.uk Correspondents: Virginia Schultz, Wining & Dining virginias@blueedge.co.uk Mary Bailey, Social maryb@blueedge.co.uk Cece Mills, Arts cecem@blueedge.co.uk Jarlath O\u2019Connell, Theater jarlatho@blueedge.co.uk Bob Pickens, Columnist bobp@blueedge.co.uk Richard Gale, Sports Editor richardg@blueedge.co.uk Sean Chaplin, Sports seanc@blueedge.co.uk Dom Mills, Motorsports domm@blueedge.co.uk Jeremy Lanaway, Hockey jeremyl@blueedge.co.uk Riki Evans Johnson, European rikie@blueedge.co.uk Nadia Abd Rabbo, Music nadiaa@blueedge.co.uk \u00a92009 Blue Edge Publishing Ltd. [PAR] Welcome T [PAR] his issue of The American comes out just before Christmas and lasts until the end of January, so it\u2019s a good time to wish all our subscribers and readers a Happy New Year. Or, if you\u2019re reading this toward the end of the month, I hope you\u2019ve had a good start to 2009. We are all, of course, living in a time of great uncertainty in the world, uncertainty that may feel all the stronger for expatriates, living far from the familiarity of home and family. In this issue our regular columnist Bob Pickens reflects on whether living abroad brings its own kind of wisdom. The wisdom, or at least the professional accuracy, of political pundits during the recent presidential campaign is explored by Sir Robert Worcester \u2013 fascinating to read during this Inaugural month. Our music section has its own kind of familiarity, with reviews of albums by two new artists who are reinvigorating old musical genres. And to make all of us feel at home in Britain, January is bracketed by two Scottish festivals that will bring a glow to the heart \u2013 Hogmanay and Burns Night. Enjoy your magazine. [PAR] Michael Burland, Editor [PAR] SOME OF THIS MONTH\u2019S CONTRIBUTORS [PAR] Sir Robert Worcester, a Kansas City native, is the founder of the MORI polling and research organisation and the best known pollster in the UK. [PAR] Estelle Lovatt is an artist, arts correspondent, author, radio producer and presenter, Chair of the Women\u2019s Radio Group and a tutor on arts courses. [PAR] Dan Eales and Alan Ferrett are the brains behind The Johnsons, our regular cartoon,. And Dan and Alan\u2019s brains are a lot sharper than their creations\u2019! [PAR] Printed by The Westdale Press Ltd 70 Portmanmoor Road, Industrial Estate, East Moors, Cardiff CF24 5HB [PAR] Don\u2019t forget to check out The American online at www.theamerican.co.uk [PAR] Cover: Burn\u2019s Night (courtesy britainonview.com). Inset: Treasure Island (\u00a9 Clive Barda). [PAR] The entire contents of The American and www.theamerican.co.uk are protected by copyright and no part of it may be reproduced without written permission of the publishers. Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the information in The American is accurate, the editor and publishers cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions. The views and comments of contributors are not necessarily those of the publishers. [PAR] 1 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble Rules - How to Play Scrabble - Official SCRABBLE ... Scrabble Rules - How to Play Scrabble - Official SCRABBLE Rules [PAR] Scrabble Rules [PAR] Links to Scrabble rules and Scrabble official game instructions. [PAR] Two to four players play in any game of Scrabble. The object of Scrabble is to score more points than one's opponent. A player collects points by placing words on the game board. Each letter has a different point value, so the strategy becomes to play words with high scoring letter combinations. [PAR] The Scrabble Board [PAR] A Scrabble game board is made of up cells in a square grid. The Scrabble board is 15 cells wide by 15 cells high. The Scrabble tiles fit within these cells one to a cell. [PAR] Scrabble Tiles [PAR] Scrabble is played with exactly 100 tiles. 98 of these tiles contain letters on them, while there are 2 blank tiles. These blank tiles add a wildcard aspect to Scrabble. The blanks substitute for any letter in the alphabet. Once played, a blank tile remains for the remainder of the game the letter for which it was substituted when first played. [PAR] Various letters have different point values, depending on the rarity of the letter and the difficulty in playing it. Blank tiles have no point value. [PAR] Tile Values [PAR] Here are the point values for each letter in Scrabble. [PAR] 0 Points - Blank tile. [PAR] 1 Point - A, E, I, L, N, O, R, S, T and U. [PAR] 2 Points - D and G. [PAR] 3 Points - B, C, M and P. [PAR] 4 Points - F, H, V, W and Y. [PAR] 5 Points - K. [PAR] 8 Points - J and X. [PAR] 10 Points - Q and Z. [PAR] Extra Point Values [PAR] Some squares on the Scrabble board represent multipliers. If a tile is placed on this square, then the tile's value is multiplied by a factor or either 2x or 3x. Certain tiles multiply the point value of an entire word and not simply the tile on that space. [PAR] Double Letter Scores - Light blue cells are found isolated on the board. When a tile is placed on this space, that tile's point value is multiplied by two. [PAR] Triple Letter Score - This is a dark blue cell on the Scrabble. The tile placed on this square has its points multiplied by three. [PAR] Double Word Score - Light red cells are found running diagonally towards the four corners of the board. When a player plays a word on one of these squares, the point value of the entire word is multiplied by two. [PAR] Triple Word Score - This is a dark red square on the Scrabble board. These are found on the four sides of the board equidistant from the four corners of the board. When a word is played using this square, then the points for the word are multiplied by three. [PAR] One Single Use - Note that extra point squares are only usable once. If one player plays a word using this cells, then the next time that space is used to make a word, the point value is not multiplied. [PAR] Starting the Game [PAR] Without looking into the tile bag, each of the Scrabble players takes one tile out of the tile bag. Whichever player has the letter closest to the beginning of the alphabet goes first. A blank tile is considered better than an \"A\". These tiles are placed into the bag once more. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis ... The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis - review | Children's books | The Guardian [PAR] Children's books [PAR] The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis - review [PAR] 'I now understand why The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is a children's classic. It is a must read for us all!' [PAR] Children's books [PAR] The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis - review [PAR] 'I now understand why The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is a children's classic. It is a must read for us all!' [PAR] PicklesZA [PAR] Close [PAR] , The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe [PAR] Four children \u2013 Lucy, Peter, Susan and Edmund all enter Narnia \u2013 a magical world where animals talk and the White Witch who reigns as Queen makes it always winter and never Christmas. They enter at different times, but from the same place \u2013 the old Wardrobe. Lucy enters first and encounters the Faun who is in the pay of the White Witch and tries to kidnap her. Edmund, who enters second, finds the White Witch and thinks she's kind and caring, only to later discover that she is a cruel, evil and untrustworthy woman. Susan and Peter enter together and find Lucy and Edmund. They all meet Mr. and Mrs. Beaver who invites them to lunch at their cottage. During lunch they realize that Edmund (who had fought and was angry with the other three) had left to join forces with the White Witch whom he believed would make him Prince. The Beavers along with the three children set off on a long and perilous journey to find Aslan \u2013 the King and Lord of Narnia \u2013 and rescue Edmund. Together, the children join forces with Aslan's army against the heartless and wicked White Witch. [PAR] I loved how Lewis created Narnia, a land of magical creatures and adventure. Lewis describes his characters, writing about them in the form that children aged nine and above, and even some adults would enjoy. I liked Lucy best because she is a curious, truthful and kindhearted girl whom I could relate to. This book taught me two important lessons; that looks can be deceiving and that two wrongs don't make a right. Lewis has a clear and vivid writing style, which makes it easy for the reader to follow and remain engrossed. My favourite part in the book was when Aslan was un-stoning the statues and everything came to life. It made me feel as if all the un-stoned animals were right there in front of me, beckoning me to join them. I now understand why The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is a children's classic. It is a must read for us all! [PAR] \u2022 Buy this book at the Guardian Bookshop . [PAR] Want to tell the world about a book you've read? Join the site and send us your review!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Questions - Documents - DOCSLIDE.US My Questions - Documents [PAR] Documents [PAR] Share My Questions [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html\" width=\"750\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html\" title=\"My Questions\" target=\"_blank\">My Questions</a></div> [PAR] size(px) [PAR] Download My Questions [PAR] Transcript [PAR] Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line \"Stick a pony in me pocket\"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show \"A Question Of Sport\"? Which \"Generation Game\" presenter was famous for his catchphrase \"Shut That Door\"? \"No Mean City\" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as \"La Cosa Nostra\"? What was the Titanic\u2019s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series \"Just Good Friends\"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film \"The Karate Kid\"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means \"empty orchestra\"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FInd the connection - thinkypedia.com FInd the connection - thinkypedia.com [PAR] FInd the connection [PAR] Answer the questions and find the link [PAR] 1. Which England international footballer started his footballing career at Canadian club Calgary Foothills FC? [PAR] 2. How are twin sisters Monica and Gabriela Irimia better known in the music world? [PAR] 3. Which famous song includes the line \"my shavin' razor's cold and it stings\"? [PAR] 4. Who is the chubbiest out of all of Snow White's seven dwarfs? [PAR] 5. Which Liverpool player is currently the record FA Cup final goalscorer, with 5 goals to his name? [PAR] 6. Which two word rhyming name is the common name for the plant called the Impatiens Walleriana? [PAR] 7. Which former Big Brother contestant who was famous for quotes such as \"what is the opposite of opposite?\" and \"do fish get thirsty?\" and later went on to present \"Braniac: Science Abuse\" on Sky television? [PAR] 8. Which song gave Vic Reeves and The Wonder Stuff a number one hit in 1991? [PAR] 9. Which 1999 Oscar winning film was directed by Mike Leigh and starred Jim Broadbent as Gilbert of Gilbert and Sullivan fame? [PAR] 10. What is the connection?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] References To Other Songs Or Musicians - TMBW: The They ... References To Other Songs Or Musicians - TMBW: The They Might Be Giants Knowledge Base [PAR] References To Other Songs Or Musicians [PAR] From This Might Be A Wiki [PAR] TMBG often make obvious or subtle references to other songs and musicians, bands, or performers. This list includes many of those references. However, without the Johns' stamp of validation, it must be admitted that some of them may just be guesses. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Lyrical references[ edit | edit source ] [PAR] Ana Ng - \"All alone at the '64 World's Fair / Eighty dolls yelling 'Small girl after all'\" - Disney's It's a Small World song and ride repeats the line \"It's a small world after all\" in . The ride was unveiled at the fair and eventually moved to Disneyland. [PAR] Ana Ng - \"It's like a whirlpool and it never ends\" is a reference to the Tommy Roe song \"Dizzy\": \"My head is spinning, like a whirlpool it never ends.\" [PAR] The Biggest One - Lyrics play on Gloria Gaynor 's \"I Will Survive\" (\"Change the lock, throw away the key, I will survive\") [PAR] Birdhouse In Your Soul (Demo) - \"Give me something to write on\" and \"I don't feel thirty\" both play on extemporaneous lines from Van Halen 's \"Hot For Teacher\", in which David Lee Roth exhorts, \"I don't feel tardy.\" [PAR] Birds Fly - The line about \"a good luck charm hanging off my arm\" refers to the Elvis Presley song \"Good Luck Charm.\" [PAR] Brain Problem Situation - The line \"Wake up / Put on my makeup / And pick the rake up / And rake my hair\" could be a reference to \" Chop Suey! \" by System of a Down (\"Wake up / Grab a brush and put a little makeup\"), or \" I Say A Little Prayer \" by Bacharach and David (\"The moment I wake up / Before I put on my makeup\"). [PAR] Cage & Aquarium - Contains the line \"This is the spawning of the Cage and Aquarium\" in the chorus; a skewed match to the song \" Age of Aquarius \" which contains the line \"This is the dawning of the Age of Aquarius\" in its chorus. Age of Aquarius is originally from the 60's musical \" Hair \", but is a well-known oldies song in its own right. [PAR] Circular Karate Chop - The lyric \" short sharp shock \" originally appeared in Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1885 comic opera The Mikado . The same phrase has also been used in other musical and literary works. [PAR] Damn Good Times - \"She acts like David Lee Roth when he turned 21\", song itself a reference to David Lee Roth's \"Damn Good\" from the 1987 DLR album Skyscraper. [PAR] Damn Good Times - \"I know a girl who's got a record machine\" is almost exactly the same as a line from \"20 Flight Rock\" by Eddie Cochran . [PAR] Free Bird's Rebirth - Reference to the Lynyrd Skynyrd song. [PAR] Hey, Mr. DJ, I Thought You Said We Had A Deal - last verse in which TMBG makes references to several of their own songs \"Well, I told you about the world - its address\", \"Chess Piece Face's patience must be wearing thin\", etc., mimics the Beatles' \"Glass Onion\" (\"I told you about Strawberry Fields\", etc, in which the Beatles reference themselves) [PAR] I Hope That I Get Old Before I Die - Twist on \"Hope I die before I get old\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] It's Behind You - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs It's Behind You - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] THE ORIGINS: [PAR] [PAR] The Origin of the Fairy Tale \ufffdSnow White and the Seven Dwarfs\ufffd comes from a collection of Folk tales published between 1812-1815.. Written and collected by the Brothers Grimm- Jacob and Wilhelm, it was first published in English in 1823, and illustrated by George Cruikshank (who also illustrated the novels of Charles Dickens). [PAR] In their book \ufffdThe Classic Fairy Tales\ufffd Iona and Peter Opie describe how \ufffdthe story of Snow White was one of the tales Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm collected in Cassel from two sisters, Jeannette and Amalie Hassenpflug, whose brother Ludwig was to marry their sister Lotte [PAR] The story, a morality, perhaps, on the spitefulness of which beauty queens are capable, was in fact well known in Hesse at the beginning of the nineteenth century; and it has subsequently been found with little variation over a wide area from Ireland to Asia Minor, and in several parts of North and West Africa.\ufffd [PAR] The story of Dwarfs feature in many Northern European folk tales, often as miners working with precious metals and stones. In ancient Norse legend Odin, the Norse god had a sword made by these little men. [PAR] Lucky Seven [PAR] The number of dwarfs in \ufffdSnow White\ufffd holds a mystical significance. The number seven being regarded as a magical number: \ufffdThe Seventh Son of a Seventh Son\ufffd dating back to ancient Arabian legend. According to the Bible it took seven days to create the world, and ancient astronomers believed that there were seven planets. Shakespeare quotes the \ufffdSeven ages of Man\ufffd- infant, student, lover, soldier, justice, maturity and senility\ufffd [PAR] All the great Jewish feasts lasted for seven days, and there are legends of seven hills, seven cities and seven sacred trees. The Sky holds the stars known as \ufffdThe Seven Sisters\ufffd and, of course the [PAR] bingo callers cry of \ufffdNumber Seven- lucky for some!\ufffd continues the magical significance. [PAR] The Opies continue: [PAR] \ufffdThe tale of Snow White contains elements that lie deep in European folk tradition; but it is not necessarily an old story, and has probably come under literary .influence. Thus the theme of the glass coffin, in which lay Snow White's body, remaining ever as beautiful as the day it was laid to rest, was a feature of the story of Lisa in the Pentamerone published 1634. [PAR] Lisa, like Snow White, was a lovely seven-year-old child, and she died, or appeared to have died, through having a comb stuck in her head. For years her body was kept secretly in a casket of crystal; and it remained lovely, so lovely that when her uncle's wife discovered it in a locked room, it aroused her most intense jealousy [PAR] In addition the aunt's extreme enmity is shown to have been due to her supposing that her husband was having an affair with the beautiful girl. The aunt did not know Lisa was her husband's niece, and does not seem to have been aware that the girl had for years lain in a coma. When the aunt opens the casket she thinks the maiden merely asleep, takes hold of her by the hair and drags her out, fortuitously dislodging the comb in her head and restoring her to life. [PAR] Hi Ho, Hi Ho! [PAR] Other than the Brothers Grimm publishing their version, the popularity of the tale of \ufffdSnow White\ufffd must lie with Walt Disney. Before the film of \ufffdSnow White\ufffd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 50 Greatest Goal Scorers in World Football History ... 50 Greatest Goal Scorers in World Football History | Bleacher Report [PAR] 50 Greatest Goal Scorers in World Football History [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Shaun Botterill/Getty Images [PAR] 18 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Herein lies who I consider to be the greatest 50 goal scorers in World Football History. [PAR] They aren't all strikers, they aren't all retired and some of them have certainly fallen from grace. [PAR] Nevertheless they all could find the back of the net at some point in their careers and that value should never be overlooked. [PAR] Enjoy. [PAR] Ronaldo [PAR] Stuart Franklin/Getty Images [PAR] Brazilian striker Ronaldo played for some of Europe's elite clubs including Inter Milan, Real Madrid, AC Milan, Barcelona and PSV Eindhoven. [PAR] Ronaldo still holds the record for most World Cup goals with 15 and is considered by some to be the best striker of all time. [PAR] Alan Shearer made his name in England playing for Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United. [PAR] The striker is still the top goalscorer in Premier League history with 260 goals. [PAR] Lionel Messi [PAR] Denis Doyle/Getty Images [PAR] Barcelona striker Lionel Messi is now within five strikes of becoming the Catalan club's all time leading goalscorer. [PAR] Currently on 230, Messi recently broke the record for goals in a Champions League match by scoring five in one game against Bayer Leverkusen. [PAR] Messi is only 24 years of age and is being touted as the best player of all time. [PAR] Period. [PAR] Cristiano Ronaldo [PAR] Denis Doyle/Getty Images [PAR] Portuguese winger-cum-forward Cristiano Ronaldo is the current rival to Lionel Messi's title as the best player in modern football. [PAR] Ronaldo has scored 98 goals in 89 league matches for current club Real Madrid. [PAR] A quite incredible statistic. [PAR] Thierry Henry [PAR] Brandon Wade/Getty Images [PAR] New York Red Bull's striker Thierry Henry recently had an honorary statue unveiled at Arsenal's Emirates Stadium in honour of his services to the London club. [PAR] Ian Rush [PAR] Clive Brunskill/Getty Images [PAR] Former Liverpool legend Ian Rush is the record FA Cup final goalscorer, joint record League Cup goalscorer, record Welsh international goalscorer, record Liverpool goalscorer and record Merseyside Derby goalscorer. [PAR] Rush was clinical in his heyday. [PAR] Andy Cole [PAR] Gary M. Prior/Getty Images [PAR] Andy Cole sits only behind Alan Shearer in the Premier League list of all time goalscorers with an impressive 187 strikes to his name. [PAR] Cole is most famous for playing for Newcastle and Manchester United. [PAR] Jurgen Klinsmann [PAR] Valerio Pennicino/Getty Images [PAR] Jurgen Klinsmann may have has a reputation as a bit of a diver, but he was also an excellent goalscorer in his day. [PAR] Klinsmann scored 47 times for the German national team. [PAR] Robin Van Persie [PAR] Mike Hewitt/Getty Images [PAR] Arsenal striker Robin Van Persie is one of the most prolific strikers in Europe right now. [PAR] The Dutchman has struck 26 times in 28 league games this season so far. [PAR] Pele [PAR] Chris Brunskill/Getty Images [PAR] Brazil legend Pele is considered by most to be the best player of all time, but Lionel Messi is slowly beginning to turn hardened followers. [PAR] Pele had a league goalscoring record of 1152 in 1220 games for Santos and New York Cosmos combined, as well as notching 77 goals in 92 appearances for Brazil. [PAR] He has won three World Cups. [PAR] Gary Lineker [PAR] Stu Forster/Getty Images [PAR] Tottenham Hotspur striker Gary Lineker"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FInd the connection - thinkypedia.com FInd the connection - thinkypedia.com [PAR] FInd the connection [PAR] Answer the questions and find the link [PAR] 1. Which England international footballer started his footballing career at Canadian club Calgary Foothills FC? [PAR] 2. How are twin sisters Monica and Gabriela Irimia better known in the music world? [PAR] 3. Which famous song includes the line \"my shavin' razor's cold and it stings\"? [PAR] 4. Who is the chubbiest out of all of Snow White's seven dwarfs? [PAR] 5. Which Liverpool player is currently the record FA Cup final goalscorer, with 5 goals to his name? [PAR] 6. Which two word rhyming name is the common name for the plant called the Impatiens Walleriana? [PAR] 7. Which former Big Brother contestant who was famous for quotes such as \"what is the opposite of opposite?\" and \"do fish get thirsty?\" and later went on to present \"Braniac: Science Abuse\" on Sky television? [PAR] 8. Which song gave Vic Reeves and The Wonder Stuff a number one hit in 1991? [PAR] 9. Which 1999 Oscar winning film was directed by Mike Leigh and starred Jim Broadbent as Gilbert of Gilbert and Sullivan fame? [PAR] 10. What is the connection?"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wonder Stuff \u2014 Listen for free on Spotify The Wonder Stuff \u2014 Listen for free on Spotify [PAR] The Wonder Stuff [PAR] Play on Spotify [PAR] Somewhere between the mid-'80s and mid-'90s, the Wonder Stuff were one of the biggest bands in the U.K. [PAR] Starting as a revved-up guitar pop band, later adding offbeat folk influences while occasionally nodding to the excess of the Madchester scene, cleverness and eclecticism were the Wonder Stuff's calling cards. The group was also blessed/cursed with a frontman, Miles Hunt , who had a gift of arrogant gab, delivering bitingly witty lyrics and lively interviews that won plenty of space in the U.K. music press. [PAR] The Wonder Stuff were formed in Stourbridge, West Midlands, England in 1986. The original lineup featured Miles Hunt on vocals and guitar, Malcolm Treece on guitar and vocals, Rob Jones aka The Bass Thing on bass, and Martin Gilks on drums. The group began rehearsing in March, and in September they went into the studio to cut their debut EP, A Wonderful Day. Positive press from the EP and early gigs helped the Wonder Stuff land a record deal with Polydor in 1987. After hitting the U.K. singles chart with the song \"It's Yer Money I'm After, Baby,\" the group released its first album, The Eight Legged Groove Machine, in August 1988. The album's modest success led to the Wonder Stuff's first headlining tour of the U.K., as well as appearances at the Reading and Glastonbury Festivals. [PAR] In September 1989, the single \"Don't Let Me Down Gently\" broke into the U.K. Top 20, and one month later, the Wonder Stuff dropped their second album, Hup! A more eclectic effort that debuted new banjo and fiddle man Martin Bell, Hup! rose to number five on the U.K. albums chart. Near the end of 1989, Rob Jones quit the Wonder Stuff and relocated to the United States; Paul Clifford signed on as their new bassist a few months later. (Jones died in July 1993; he was only 29.) After a stretch of U.K. touring, the Wonder Stuff began work on their third album. Never Loved Elvis appeared in June 1991, and became the band's highest-charting album, peaking at number three in the U.K. It featured the single \"The Size of a Cow,\" which became a number five hit in England and a college radio favorite in America. The Wonder Stuff also cut a cover of Tommy Roe 's \"Dizzy\" with comedian Vic Reeves that became a number one British hit. [PAR] In October 1993, the Wonder Stuff's fourth album appeared in shops, Construction for the Modern Idiot. While the album went to number four on the U.K. charts, it didn't enjoy the same success as Never Loved Elvis, and reviews were lukewarm. A massive tour followed, and the band, worn out and at loose ends, opted to cancel upcoming jaunts to Australia and the Far East. In June 1994, the Wonder Stuff announced in their fan club newsletter that they were calling it a day. For their final show, they headlined the Phoenix Festival in Stratford-on-Avon, a gig booked far in advance. Miles Hunt toured as a solo act and formed the band Vent 414, while Malcolm Treece, Martin Gilks, and Paul Clifford worked together in the group Weknowwhereyoulive. [PAR] In 2000, the Wonder Stuff reunited for a one-off show in London, with Hunt , Treece, Gilks, and Bell joined by new bassist Stuart Quinell and keyboardist Pete Whittaker, who had toured with the group in the '90s. Demand for tickets led to the single show"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jim Broadbent | Biography and Filmography | 1949 Jim Broadbent | Biography and Filmography | 1949 [PAR] Voiced the character of Santa in the animated feature \"Arthur Christmas\" [PAR] 2010 [PAR] Re-teamed with director Mike Leigh for \"Another Year\" [PAR] 2009 [PAR] Played King William IV, opposite Emily Blunt as Queen Victoria, in \"The Young Victoria\" [PAR] 2009 [PAR] Joined the cast of \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" as Horace Slughorn, the newly appointed Hogwarts Potions master [PAR] 2008 [PAR] Cast in the fourth film in the Indiana Jones series, \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\" [PAR] 2007 [PAR] Cast as chief Inspector Butterman in the U.K. comedy \"Hot Fuzz\" [PAR] 2007 [PAR] Portrayed the Earl of Longford in the HBO original movie \"Longford\"; earned an Emmy nomination for Best Actor [PAR] 2006 [PAR] Cast in Terry Zwigoff's adaptation of Daniel Clowes' comic story \"Art School Confidential\" [PAR] 2005 [PAR] Voiced Madame Gasket in the animated feature \"Robots\" [PAR] 2005 [PAR] Cast in Andrew Adamson's adaption of C.S. Lewis' children's novel \"The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe [PAR] 2004 [PAR] Cast as Lord Kelvin in Disney's live action feature \"Around the World in 80 Days\" based on the classical novel by Jules Verne [PAR] 2004 [PAR] Reprised his role as Bridget's dad in \"Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason\" [PAR] 2003 [PAR] Received a Grammy nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for his work on Winnie-The-Pooh [PAR] 2002 [PAR] Cast as Desmond Morton in the HBO miniseries \"The Gathering Storm\"; earned a Golden Globe nomination [PAR] 2002 [PAR] Cast as Boss Tweed in Martin Scorsese's \"Gangs of New York\" [PAR] 2001 [PAR] Won an Oscar playing John Bayley, the husband of writer Iris Murdoch, in the biopic \"Iris\" [PAR] 2001 [PAR] Portrayed Zidler, the owner of the titular establishment, in \"Moulin Rouge!\" [PAR] 2001 [PAR] Played the title character's father in \"Bridget Jones's Diary\" [PAR] 2000 [PAR] Co-starred as William Gilbert in Mike Leigh's biopic of Gilbert & Sullivan \"Topsy-Turvy\" [PAR] 1998 [PAR] Offered a fine supporting turn as a sleazy nightclub owner in \"Little Voice\" [PAR] 1996 [PAR] Landed featured role in \"The Secret Agent\" [PAR] 1995 [PAR] Reunited with Loncraine for \"Richard III\"; played the Duke of Buckingham [PAR] 1994 [PAR] Featured in Woody Allen's \"Bullets Over Broadway\" [PAR] 1994 [PAR] Directed by Richard Loncraine in BBC's \"Wide-Eyed and Legless\" (released theatrically in the U.S. as \"The Wedding Gift\") [PAR] 1992 [PAR] Penned (also acted) the comedy short \"A Sense of History\" (aka \"Two Mikes Don't Make a Wright\"), again directed by Mike Leigh [PAR] 1991 [PAR] Played first leading role in a feature \"Life is Sweet,\" directed by Mike Leigh [PAR] 1991 [PAR] Acted in the British six-part comedy-drama series \"Gone to Dogs\" [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Acted in London at the Old Vic in a revival of the Georges Feydeau comedy, \"A Flea in Her Ear\" [PAR] 1988 [PAR] Cast as Prince Albert in the BBC comedy \"Blackadder's Christmas Carol\" [PAR] 1987 [PAR] First American film, \"Superman IV: The Quest for Peace\" [PAR] 1986 [PAR] Most prominent feature role up to that time, \"The Good Father\"; also first feature film for director Mike Newell [PAR] 1985 [PAR] Had featured role in the BBC adaptation of \"Silas Marner\" [PAR] 1983 [PAR] Acted in Leigh's TV production \"Birth of a Nation: Tales Out of School\" [PAR] 1979 [PAR] Earliest collaboration with Mike Leigh was a stage production of Leigh's \"Ecstasy\" [PAR] 1978 [PAR] Earliest feature film appearances included small roles in the British films, \"The Life Story of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Transcript | This American Life Transcript | This American Life [PAR] @bargainsnfinds : This American Life #286 : MindGames https://t.co/ASlo1fkhgU [PAR] @ItsJustNotThere : RT @sethmoulton : Thanks @iraglass @thisamerlife for having me on to talk about the SIV program and my friend, Mohammed. Tune in: https://t. [PAR] @richmon78 : Very compelling and interesting story. This American Life: #577 : Something Only I Can See https://t.co/EMnDjD5VYu [PAR] @Jodi_Weinberger : Listening to @TigNotaro \"something only I can see,\" - cheeks hurt, can't breathe @ThisAmerLife [PAR] @basbleucrb : Seriously - This American Life, Sara Bareilles, and Leslie Odom, Jr. https://t.co/hy9v1ebRCL [PAR] @HassanPRG : RT @BlackManPodcast : Nikole Hannah-Jones looks at a district that accidentally launched a desegregation program. @ThisAmerLife .' https://t [PAR] @writeousness : See this! https://t.co/0cnqwNzxZp with @leslieodomjr from @ThisAmerLife Seriously. [PAR] @sarigoodfriend : \"No I'm not calling [Trump] 'like' a draft dodger. I'm calling him a draft dodger.\" @ThisAmerLife episode 607: https://t.co/OVS91p7OuV [PAR] @elainecorden : @brawluk THIS AMERICAN LIFE? That makes sense. [PAR] @cmcatalinaz : I also found This American Life!!! I think I'm giving up on music for the next 150 hrs lol [PAR] @BlackManPodcast : Nikole Hannah-Jones looks at a district that accidentally launched a desegregation program. @ThisAmerLife .' https://t.co/C5jggevB64. [3/3]. [PAR] @IamFeliciaRenae : I added a video to a @YouTube playlist https://t.co/trt5ncG86D Seriously - This American Life, Sara Bareilles, and Leslie Odom, Jr. [PAR] @posaune76 : RT @kev_mcg : Thinking about this story from a 2001 @ThisAmerLife episode about a 4-year-old learning about MLK https://t.co/uPuVRtqxgD http [PAR] @Tse_38 : A Better Way - This American Life, Neil Patrick Harris, Robert Lopez and... https://t.co/x006mOw117 via @YouTube [PAR] Sign up for Our Newsletter [PAR] I'm ready. [PAR] Iggy Pop [PAR] Now I've met William Burroughs once, and have been inspired by him, but I am not an expert on Burroughs, unlike this guy. [PAR] Oliver Harris [PAR] I'm Oliver Harris. I'm a professor of American literature. I'm the author and editor of 10 books on or about William Burroughs. The strange thing is that a million people who never heard of William Burroughs can sing lines from The Ticket That Exploded, and that's because Burroughs' book is where Iggy Pop found the raw materials of Lust for Life. [PAR] It's where Johnny Ann comes from, along with those hypnotizing chickens and the flesh gimmick and the strip tease and the torture film. Pop responded to the way Burroughs was working back in the 1960s in a kind of montage way that we now take for granted in a digital era, but Burroughs was pioneering it. [PAR] Iggy Pop [PAR] This is coming out of some Lust for Life, all right. He's not just in my music. Burroughs is everywhere. He's in Dylan's Tombstone Blues. He's on the cover of Sergeant Pepper's two rows behind Paul, right next to Marilyn Monroe. [PAR] He inspired band names like the Soft Machine, a great band, and Steely Dan, which is named after a strap-on dildo in Naked Lunch. I didn't know that. The world was introduced to the phrase \"heavy metal\" in the book Nova Express. [PAR] He worked with Kurt Cobain on a spoken word track, The Priest, They Called Him. Fight tuberculosis, folks. As Lou Reed said, without William, there is nothing. [PAR] William Burroughs [PAR] I am writing for people who are interested in exploring unexplored psychic areas. [PAR] Iggy Pop [PAR] This month, it has been 100 years since the birth of William Seward Burroughs II. By the time he died, the man left behind a humongous body of work. Bear with us. It's going to get"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Words Shakespeare Invented Words Shakespeare Invented [PAR] [PAR] Words Shakespeare Invented [PAR] The English language owes a great debt to Shakespeare. He invented over 1700 of our common words by changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs into adjectives, connecting words never before used together, adding prefixes and suffixes, and devising words wholly original. Below is a list of a few of the words Shakespeare coined, hyperlinked to the play and scene from which it comes. When the word appears in multiple plays, the link will take you to the play in which it first appears. For a more in-depth look at Shakespeare's coined words, please click here ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cockney Rhyming Slang - Rice University Cockney Rhyming Slang [PAR] Cockney Rhyming Slang [PAR] Close this window [PAR] Cockney rhyming slang is a form of English slang which originated in the East End of London . Many of its expressions have passed into common language, and the creation of new ones is no longer restricted to Cockneys. Up until the late 20th Century, rhyming slang was also common in Australian slang, probably due to the formative influence of cockney on Australian English. [PAR] It developed as a way of obscuring the meaning of sentences to those who did not understand the slang , though it remains a matter of speculation whether this was a linguistic accident, or whether it was developed intentionally to assist criminals or to maintain a particular community. [PAR] Rhyming slang works by replacing the word to be obscured with the first word of a phrase that rhymes with that word. For instance, \"face\" would be replaced by \"boat,\" because face rhymes with \"boat race.\" Similarly \"feet\" becomes \"plates\" (\"plates of meat\"), and \"money\" is \"bread\" (a very common usage, from \"bread and honey\"). Sometimes the full phrase is used, for example \"Currant Bun\" to mean \"The Sun\" (often referring to the British tabloid newspaper of that name). There is no hard and fast rule for this, and you just have to know whether a particular expression is always shortened, never shortened, or can be used either way. [PAR] Other examples of Cockney Rhyming Slang, or phrases inspired by it, are: [PAR] Adam and Eve = believe = as in \"would you Adam and Eve it?\" [PAR] Almond Rocks = socks [PAR] Aris = Aristotle = bottle & glass = arse (a two-stage rhyme) [see Plaster below] [PAR] Artful Dodger = lodger [PAR] Berk or Burk = Berkshire Hunt = cunt (used as an insult, never as an anatomical reference) [PAR] Boat = boat race = face [PAR] Bob Hope = soap [PAR] Boracic (freq. contracted to brassic) = boracic lint = skint (i.e. penniless) [PAR] Bottle = bottle and glass = arse (i. e. courage; Courage also happens to be the name of a brewery) [PAR] Brahms = Brahms and Liszt (classical composers) = pissed (i.e. drunk) [PAR] Brass Tacks = facts [PAR] Bristol = Bristol City = titty (i.e. breast) [PAR] Brown bread = dead [PAR] Chalfonts = Chalfont St Giles = piles (i.e. haemorrhoids) [PAR] Chalk Farm = arm [PAR] China = china plate = mate [PAR] Cobblers = cobblers' awls = balls or 'bollocks' (i.e. testicles , but usually meant in the sense of 'rubbish' as in \"You're talking a load of cobblers\") [PAR] Cock and Hen = ten [PAR] Creamed = cream crackered = knackered (i.e. exhausted or beaten) [PAR] Currant bun = sun or The Sun newspaper [PAR] Daisies = daisy roots = boots [PAR] Darby and Joan = moan [PAR] Dicky = dicky dirt = shirt [PAR] Dicky or Dickie = dickie bird = word = as in \"not a dickie\", or even \"not a dickie bird\" [PAR] Dog = dog and bone = phone [PAR] Duck and Dive = skive [PAR] Ducks and Geese = F--k-in' Police [PAR] Duke of Kent = rent [PAR] Dukes = Duke[s] of York = fork, i.e. hand, now chiefly when balled into a fist [PAR] Dustbin Lid = kid [PAR] Emmas = Emma Freud (English author and columnist) = haemorrhoids [PAR] Farmers = Farmer Giles = piles (slang for haemorrhoids ) [PAR] Flowery Dell = ( prison ) cell [PAR] Gregory = Gregory Peck = neck, or cheque [PAR] Gypsy's ="
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NATO phonetic alphabet - TheFreeDictionary.com NATO phonetic alphabet synonyms, NATO phonetic alphabet antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com [PAR] NATO phonetic alphabet synonyms, NATO phonetic alphabet antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com [PAR] http://www.freethesaurus.com/NATO+phonetic+alphabet [PAR] Related to NATO phonetic alphabet: International Phonetic Alphabet [PAR] noun [PAR] an alphabet of characters intended to represent specific sounds of speech [PAR] Synonyms [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Write what you mean clearly and correctly. [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] 40 Bath The horse's name is taken from the letters of the International Civil Aviation Organisation, also called the Nato Phonetic Alphabet or Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, which uses the Irish spelling of whiskey with an 'e' rather than the Scottish version as in the horse's name."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Why Did William Golding Name His Novel 'The Lord of the ... \"Why Did William Golding Name His Novel 'The Lord of the Flies'?\" - A-Level English - Marked by Teachers.com [PAR] Lord of the Flies, on the surface, may resemble any other children adventure story. ... [PAR] 5 star(s) [PAR] Toward the end, Jack who is atrocious and animalistic replaces Ralph who is sensible and far-sighted as chief on the island, suggesting the complete collapse of morality, both within the characters and on the island. The novel ends with the return of order and sanity only when a British naval officer comes to their rescue. [PAR] To what extent can Lord of the Flies be considered a Marxist piece? [PAR] 3 star(s) [PAR] allies (he was on the ship that sank the German ship Bismarck.) Golding said in his essay 'Fable' - originally given as part of a lecture series in 1962 - \"My book was to say: you think that now the war is over and an evil thing destroyed, you are safe because you are naturally kind and decent. [PAR] The Beast in Lord of the Flies [PAR] 3 star(s) [PAR] Later Simon discovers that the beast is nothing more than a dead airman and takes the man down to free the boys of \"the beast\" but by this time the beast is alive and well inside many of the boys. [PAR] What does chapter one of &amp;quot;The Spire&amp;quot; reveal about Jocelin and his attitude to ... [PAR] reminds the reader that Jocelin is a man of God and that he has immense faith in Him. This contrasts with the previous paragraph about Goody Pangall where it seemed that Jocelin had become so immersed in his thoughts about her that he had forgotten about who, and where, he was. [PAR] Lord of the Flies Summary [PAR] Ralph is furious when he finds that a ship is passing, and the fire at the top of the mountain is out. The hunter's were so excited over their first pig kill that they forgot about the fire. Piggy insults Jack, who hits Piggy, causing him to break one of the lenses of his glasses. [PAR] Higher - Lord of the Flies - Character not in harmony with his society [PAR] best for the job, and would seize it by force if necessary. Jack is also the first to partially break the codes of civilisation imposed on the boys by our society. When Ralph, Simon, and he go out, he is the only one who even contemplates killing a pig: \"Jack drew his knife again with a flourish. [PAR] Human Nature in Lord of the Flies [PAR] are still too strong for him to give in completely to his savage urges. At this point, Roger still feels constrained by ?parents and school and policemen and the law??the figures and institutions that enforce society?s moral code. Before long, Roger and most of the other boys lose their respect for these forces. [PAR] Lord of the Flies: The Darkness of Man's Heart [PAR] The first time Ralph blows the conch, the boys dispersed all over the island automatically respond and rush toward the sound, and the group is unified. Ralph sets a new rule regarding the conch: anyone with possession of the shell has the right to speak. [PAR] Want the latest Marked by Teachers news? Get our newsletter [PAR] Sign up[DOC] [TLE] Lord Of The Flies Allegory - eNotes.com Lord Of The Flies Allegory [PAR] Lord Of The Flies Allegory [PAR] What is the allegory of Lord of the Flies?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] money slang history, words, expressions and money slang ... money slang history, words, expressions and money slang meanings, london cockney money slang words meanings expressions [PAR] counterfeit coins [PAR] Here's an interesting fact... [PAR] As at 2009 official sources (including The Royal Mint) state that 2.5% - that's one in every forty - of pound coins in circulation in the UK are counterfeit. [PAR] This explains why so many pound coins fail to work in parking machines and other coin-slot machines. [PAR] Aside from the coin-machine test, other common indicators of a fake \u00a31 coin are: [PAR] front and backs not being perfectly aligned with each other [PAR] off-centre design [PAR] words around the milled edges being incorrect for the coin design or year (The Royal Mint provides details of what goes with what) [PAR] absent cross on the milled edge, which is apparently difficult to fake [PAR] coins looking too 'new' for their year or feeling 'soapy' or different [PAR] (and my local butcher told me) fakes don't bounce on the floor the same as real ones [PAR] The Royal Mint advises (surely in hope rather than in any sort of expectation) that anyone discovering a fake one pound coin should hand it in to their local police station. Call me a cynic, but if anyone knows of a single instance of a fake one pound coin ever having been handed into a police station, I'd love to know about it. [PAR] [PAR] the undated 20p 'mule' coin [PAR] This fascinating 2008 minting error of the new design 20p coin generated much interest, and provides a wonderful example of how a daft mistake can undermine even the most rigorous quality assurance system. [PAR] Here's the official story from the Royal Mint: \"...In November 2008 a number of 20p coins were incorrectly minted resulting in their having no date. This problem affected less than 250,000 coins of the 136 million 20p pieces minted in 2008-09 and was due to the previous obverse (the 'heads' side) being used with the new reverse (the 'tails' side) design, meaning the year of issue did not feature at all. These coins remain legal tender and still have a face value of 20p...\" [PAR] I love the way they say \"less than\", as if 250,000 coins could get lost down the back of a settee. [PAR] Despite the numbers involved, the 20p 'mule' (slang for a faulty coin, based on the metaphor of a cross between a horse and a donkey) is worth a lot more than 20p, but not nearly as much as some of the bigger sums (thousands or even millions of pounds) at which they are occasionally offered for sale on auction websites. In late 2008 there would have been quite a lot of these in circulation - perhaps one in every five hundred or so, but not so many now. Check your change.. [PAR] [PAR] slang money words - meanings, origins and derivations [PAR] While the origins of these slang terms are many and various, certainly a lot of English money slang is rooted in various London communities, which for different reasons liked to use language only known in their own circles, notably wholesale markets, street traders, crime and the underworld, the docks, taxi-cab driving, and the immigrant communities. London has for centuries been extremely cosmopolitan, both as a travel hub and a place for foreign people to live and work and start their own busineses. This contributed to the development of some ' lingua franca ' expressions, i.e., mixtures of Italian, Greek, Arabic, Yiddish (Jewish European/Hebrew dialect), Spanish"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Term \"Homosexual\" The Term \"Homosexual\" [PAR] , homosexual men who have learned to act like heterosexual men, through force or habit [PAR] Uraniaster [PAR] or uranisierter Mann, heterosexual man who acts like a homosexual (often due to lack of women, e.g. in prisons or military environment) [PAR] All of these were matched by female counterparts for the Urningin. [PAR] Kennedy (1980) remarks that \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe theory seems ready to collapse under the weight of its own complexities\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, and the terminology of Uranismus was gradually dropped, although it lived on in England for almost half a century as \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdUranian love\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (and the modern gay tourist agency Uranian Travel). But let us honestly acknowledge that the system of descriptive classification used today is nearly the same as Ulrichs\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds, though the terminology seems less absurd: [PAR] homosexual [PAR] closet or latent gay [PAR] situational homosexual [PAR] The main difference is that the concept of the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdfeminine soul\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd has been dropped since the 1960s, though in the 1990s it was revived in the term \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtransgender\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Many (perhaps most) folk cultures have a concept of a natural (biological) third sex in addition to male and female, and the most recent anthropological theorists are coming round once again to the possibility that there really is \u0096 physiologically and psychologically \u0096 a third sex or third gender (Herdt 1994). The motivating source or etiology of homosexuality has been debated ever since, and the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcause\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd of homosexuality or specific categories such as effeminacy are as hotly disputed today as they were in the 1890s. [PAR] The basic emancipationist argument was (and often still is) that homosexual desire is congenital and therefore it is inhumane for the law to punish homosexual acts as if they were crimes wilfully chosen. Ulrichs was not scientifically disinterested: he was politically motivated by a fear that the Prussians would invade Hanover and impose the anti-homosexual statute of the Prussian penal code (which had no equivalent in Hanover) \u0096\u0096 which is precisely what happened when Prussia annexed Hanover in 1866. [PAR] Ulrichs was briefly imprisoned for expressing outspoken Social Democrat views, and in 1867 the police confiscated his collection of homosexual research material. He was ridiculed in the press, and forced to leave Hanover on his release from prison. He moved to Bavaria and in August 1867 at the Congress of German Jurists in Munich gave a speech for homosexual rights which Kennedy says \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdmark[s] the beginning of the public homosexual emancipation movement in Germany\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. But by 1872 Prussia\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds anti-homosexual legislation was extended to all of unified Germany. In 1880 Ulrichs felt compelled to leave his country, and he settled in Italy for the remaining fifteen years of his life. [PAR] The word Homosexualit\u00e4t was coined by the German-Hungarian K\u00e1roly M\u00e1ria Kertbeny (born Karl Maria Benkert; 1824\u009682). It is a compound of Greek homo, same, and Medieval Latin sexualis, sexual, and was coined along the lines of the late eighteenth-century French botanical terms unisexuel and bisexuel. There are no grounds for rejecting it as a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbastard\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd term, any more than innumerable Greek/Latin hybrids such as petroleum and automobile and television. It occurs first in a letter to Karl Heinrich Ulrichs dated 6 May 1868, and then in two pamphlets published in 1869 in Leipzig arguing for reform of Paragraph 143 of the Prussian Penal Code penalizing sexual relations between men (Paragraph 143 des Preussichen Strafgesetzbuches vom 14.4.1851 und seine Aufrechterhaltung als Paragraph 152 im Entwurf eines Strafgesetzbuches f\u00fcr den Norddeutschen Bund [Paragraph 143 of the Prussian Penal Code and its Maintenance as Paragraph 152 of the Draft of a Penal Code for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA.com - FIFA World Cup\u2122 FIFA.com - FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] You're logging in with Facebook [PAR] You're logging in with Twitter [PAR] You're logging in with Google+ [PAR] Connect [PAR] Login Error [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] This Facebook account is already present [PAR] Your Club account has been locked due to a breach of our Terms of Service. Please set up a new account in line with the Club rules. Review the Club Rules . Alternatively, you can email us by completing our contact form . [PAR] Please enter a valid email address [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] Log-in unsuccessful [PAR] FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] \u00a9 Foto-net [PAR] The FIFA World Cup\u2122 is the biggest single-event sporting competition in the world and is contested by the senior men's national teams from the 208 Member Associations of FIFA. [PAR] The competition has been played every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. [PAR] It fulfils FIFA\u2019s objectives to touch the world, develop the game, and build a better future through a variety of ways. [PAR] Tournament format [PAR] The current format of the tournament involves 32 teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of one month \u2013 this phase is often called the Final Competition. A qualification phase, the Preliminary Competition which currently takes place over the preceding three years, is used to determine which teams qualify for the tournament together with the host nation(s). [PAR] The preliminary competition for the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil\u2122 sees a total of 204 entries across six continents competing for 31 available spots. For the last FIFA World Cup, 200 teams played a total of 853 matches as 31 teams qualified for South Africa. [PAR] Both the preliminary and final competitions act as a massive promotion for the game of football and for the host nation(s) and are therefore wonderful opportunities to help promote values of respect, fair play and discipline to the watching world. [PAR] Understandably, the organisation of such an event is a huge task for FIFA and the Local Organising Committee and is therefore one of the main activities of FIFA over a four-year period. [PAR] Facts and figures [PAR] The 19 FIFA World Cup tournaments have been won by eight different national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other winners are Italy, with four titles; Germany, with three wins; Argentina and inaugural winners Uruguay, with two; and England, France, and Spain, with one title each. [PAR] The FIFA World Cup is the world's most widely viewed sporting event; an estimated 715.1 million people watched the final match of the 2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany and the 2010 event in South Africa was broadcast to 204 countries on 245 different channels. Inside the stadiums, a total of 3,170,856 spectators attended the 64 matches an average of 49,670 per match and the third highest aggregate attendance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup Football Firsts - Topend Sports World Cup Football Firsts [PAR] 1966 England [PAR] The FIRST time drug testing was introduced was in World Cup finals in 1966. Players banned after failing in drug testing include Haiti's Ernest Jean-Joseph (1974), Scotland's Willie Johnston (1978) and Argentina's Diego Maradona (1994). [PAR] The FIRST World Cup mascot was a lion-like boy called Willie used for the England 1966 World Cup. [PAR] The FIRST player to score a hat-trick in a World Cup Final was Geoff Hurst of England in 1966, with a goal in each of the first-half, second-half and extra-time.. [PAR] The FIRST first team to score two own goals in the one tournament was Bulgaria. They did so in favour of Portugal and Hungary, losing both matches. [PAR] The FIRST Asian team to progress beyond the first round of the World Cup finals was North Korea in 1966. [PAR] 1970 Mexico [PAR] The FIRST substitution of a goalkeeper was Romania's Necula Raducanu who replaced Steve Adamache in a match against Brazil on 10 June 1970. [PAR] The FIRST player to receive a yellow card was Lovchev of the USSR in the 1970 opening match against Mexico on 31 May 1970. [PAR] The FIRST substitute to score a goal was Mexico's Juan Basaguren in the match against El Salvador on 7 June 1970. [PAR] The FIRST time substitutes were used in World Cup finals matches was 1970. Before 1970, only injured players were allowed to be replaced. [PAR] The FIRST substitute in World Cup finals was Soviet player Anatoly Puzach who replaced Serebrannikov in the 1970 opening match against Mexico on 31 May 1970. [PAR] 1974 Germany [PAR] The FIRST red-carded player was Chile's Carlos Caszely in a match against West Germany on 14 June 1974. [PAR] The FIRST time that the newly designed FIFA World Cup Trophy was awarded was in 1974, replacing the Jules Rimet Trophy. [PAR] The FIRST black African nation to play in a World Cup finals was Zaire (now called the Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1974. [PAR] The FIRST Oceanian nation to qualify the World Cup was Australia in 1974 [PAR] 1978 Argentina [PAR] The FIRST qualifying match played on artificial turf was between Canada and USA on 24 Sept 1976 in Vancouver, Canada. [PAR] The FIRST qualifying match played indoor was between USA and Canada on 20 Oct 1976 in Seattle, USA. [PAR] The FIRST team to win a qualifying match on penalty shootout was Tunisia, which won 4:2 on penalties over Morocco after a 1:1 tie at home on 9 Jan 1977. [PAR] The FIRST country to withdraw from the World Cup due to the inability to pay the entrance fee was Sri Lanka which withdrew from the 1978 World Cup. [PAR] The FIRST time penalty shootouts for tied games were introduced to the World Cup was in 1978 (though the first to occur was in 1982) [PAR] The FIRST player to score for both teams in a match was Ernie Brandts of the Netherlands. In a game in 1978, he first scored an own goal Italy, and then the equaliser for his own team. [PAR] 1982 Spain [PAR] The FIRST match decided with a penalty shoot-out was the semi-final between West Germany and France on 8 July, 1982, in which the Germans won the shootout 5:4. [PAR] The FIRST player to take penalty in a shootout in World Cup finals was Alain Giresse of France, who scored the FIRST ever penalty in a shootout where France lost 4:5 to West Germany. [PAR] The FIRST substitute to score a hat-trick"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The story of Pickles the dog and the stolen trophy ... The story of Pickles the dog and the stolen trophy | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 10 years old [PAR] On a Sunday evening in March 40 years ago, David Corbett left his ground-floor flat in Norwood, south London, to make a telephone call from the kiosk across the road. With the Thames lighterman was Pickles, the four-year-old mongrel he had taken off his brother John's hands, when he was a puppy, because he chewed furniture. [PAR] 'I put the lead on Pickles and he went over to the neighbour's car,' recalls Corbett, now 66. 'Pickles drew my attention to a package, tightly bound in newspaper, lying by the front wheel. I picked it up and tore some paper and saw a woman holding a dish over her head, and disks with the words Germany, Uruguay, Brazil. I rushed inside to my wife. She was one of those anti-sport wives. But I said, \"I've found the World Cup! I've found the World Cup!\"' [PAR] Corbett, or more precisely, Pickles, had indeed discovered the missing Jules Rimet trophy. Yet, if the Metropolitan Police had not bungled an operation two days earlier, when a ransom demand went wrong, Pickles would not have found the trophy and his place as lead character in a tale that, even today, may not be fully over. [PAR] The trophy was stolen on 20 March 1966, a week before Pickles' intervention, from the Methodist Central Hall in Westminster where it was being exhibited in a glass cabinet. Five guards were detailed to keep constant watch. On the Sunday, though, the guard stationed next to the trophy had the day off. With the others enjoying a cup of coffee or a call of nature, it was only when George Franklin finally inspected the case just after midday that he discovered the theft. The thieves had broken in through the back doors. [PAR] For the Football Association and Sir Stanley Rous, the English president of Fifa, this was the nightmare scenario. Three months before hosting the 1966 World Cup, there was no trophy. [PAR] The investigation began. Detective Inspector Bill Little heard witness statements from senior guard Frank Hudson and Margaret Coombes, a woman attending a Sunday-school service in a different part of the hall. Both saw a man loitering by the gents. Although their descriptions differed, the police announced they were searching for just one thief. [PAR] Meanwhile, the FA attempted to deal with the crisis. Before the theft became public, the FA secretary, Denis Follows, visited silversmith George Bird at his workshop in Fenchurch Street. Follows asked Bird to make a replica of the trophy from the same solid gold as the original, and was told nothing else other than to keep his mouth shut. Very few people, including Rous, knew about the visit. [PAR] Once the world discovered the theft, a deluge of crank theories arrived at Scotland Yard. One man wrote to say that his clock had told him the trophy was in Wicklow, Ireland. A Susanna Bell in Chile believed 'a coloured man' was the thief. Adolf Hieke sent a photograph from a German newspaper and placed an 'X' on it against the man he believed to be guilty. [PAR] With the Metropolitan Police an international joke, Little handed over the investigation to the Flying Squad's top man, DI Len Buggy. His break came when the Chelsea and FA chairman Joe Mears was phoned by a man calling himself Jackson. 'There will be a parcel at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup 1930 in Uruguay - World Cup Brazil 2014 Guide World Cup 1930 in Uruguay - World Cup Brazil 2014 Guide [PAR] World Cup Brazil 2014 Guide [PAR] Join the World Cup Experience [PAR] Primary menu [PAR] Date: 13 July -30 July [PAR] Final: Argentina \u2013 Uruguay 2-4 [PAR] Top scorer: Guillermo St\u00e1bile (Argentina) (8 goals) [PAR] World Cup 1930 Background [PAR] In the beginning of the 20th century, a global football tournament was always organised in the Summer Olympics. It was the 1900 Olympics which included this beautiful sport for the first time in history. [PAR] It was FIFA, founded in 1904, that started to manage the football tournaments in the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics. Since FIFA and the IOC (international Olympics Committee) were disagreeing about the status of amateur players, FIFA became more eager to organize a global football tournament outside the Olympics, the official first FIFA World Cup. [PAR] Jules Rimet [PAR] On May 26 1928, it was in the capital of the Netherlands, Amsterdam, where the FIFA president Jules Rimet announced plans to organize a football tournament independent of the Olympics in 1930. On May 18 1929, FIFA announced in a Barcelona congress that the very first World Cup would be held in Uruguay. This tournament eventually contributed to the absence of a football tournament in the 1932 Olympics, the IOC did not include football in the schedule. [PAR] There were obvious reasons why Uruguay was chosen among other countries as a possible host country. Uruguay in that time was the champions of the 1924 and 1928 Olympics and the country was celebrating its 100th constitution birthday in 1930. When Uruguay\u2019s national association offered to pay all the costs such as travel and accommodation costs of the participating teams, it was clear Uruguay would be chosen as the first country to host a World Cup. The countries Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden, Italy and Spain which were all interested in being the host, withdrew in favour of Uruguay. [PAR] World Cup 1930 Participants [PAR] 1 host city in Uruguay [PAR] Only 13 countries participated in the first ever 1930 World Cup in Uruguay. [PAR] 7 countries from South America participated: Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Peru and Bolivia. [PAR] It was the highest amount of South American countries to have participated in a World Cup. This is also the only World Cup which contained more countries from South America than from Europe. [PAR] 4 countries from Europe participated: France, Belgium, Yugoslavia (Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Romania. [PAR] 2 countries from North/Central America and Caribbean participated: USA and Mexico. [PAR] Every country affiliated with FIFA was invited to participate in the first ever World Cup. Many European countries however, declined since Uruguay was just too far away. We are talking about 1930; this means flying was not yet a common reasonable priced activity. The trip had to be made by ship. [PAR] With only 2 months to go before the kick-off, not 1 European country had announced to join the World Cup. Jules Rimet intervened and pulled some political strings. 4 European countries then decided last minute to participate in the 1930 World Cup. [PAR] Romania, Belgium and France were travelling with the same ship to Uruguay, the SS Conte Verde. They were picked up one by one. The ship also picked up three European referees and Jules Rimet who carried the World Cup trophy in his bag. The Brazilian team was picked up in Rio de Janeiro before arriving in Uruguay. [PAR] Yugoslavia travelled alone with a mail steamship called Florida. [PAR] SS Conte"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football World Cup Mascots - Topend Sports World Cup Mascots [PAR] Brazil 2014 [PAR] Fuleco [PAR] Fuleco is a cartoon armadillo, modelled on the three-banded armadillo, an endangered species which is indigenous to Brazil and known as the \"tatu-bola\". The name is derived from a combination of the Portuguese words for football (futebol) and ecology (ecologia) [PAR] South Africa 2010 [PAR] Zakumi [PAR] Zakumi is a leopard, a common animal found in South Africa. Called Zakumi, he is a friendly green haired yellow leopard, wearing a shirt saying South Africa 2010. Zakumi's green and gold colors represent South Africa's national sports' teams colors. The name Zakumi is derived from \"ZA\" an acronym for south Africa and \"Kumi\" which translates as \"10\" from some African languages. [PAR] Germany 2006 [PAR] Goleo VI and his sidekick Pille [PAR] 2006 saw the return of the lion, this time wearing a Germany shirt with the number 06 and no pants! He also had a talking football named Pille. Goleo is a portmanteau of the words \"goal\" and \"leo\", the Latin word for lion, while \"Pille\" is a colloquial term for a football in Germany. [PAR] Korea/Japan 2002 [PAR] Ato, Kaz and Nik (The Spheriks) [PAR] This was the first tournament to have more than one mascot, in fact they had three. Ato, Kaz and Nik were orange, purple and blue futuristic, computer-generated creatures. They also had their own sport - \"Atmoball\" (a fictional football-like sport). The three names were voted for online and at McDonald's outlets in the host countries. [PAR] France 1998 [PAR] Footix [PAR] The 1998 mascot was a rooster, one of the national symbols of France. It has the words \"FRANCE 98\" on its chest, with its body mostly blue, like the host's national team shirt. The name Footix is a portmanteau of \"football\" and the ending \"-ix\" from the popular Ast\u00e9rix comic strip. [PAR] Striker, [PAR] the World Cup Pup [PAR] The mascot chosen by the US public for USA '94 was a dog, which is a common US pet animal. Striker wore the red, white and blue US colors with the words \"USA 94\". [PAR] Italy 1990 [PAR] Ciao [PAR] This was a different looking mascot, a stick figure player with a football head and an Italian tricolor body. The red white & green blocks of the body made it look like it was made from lego. Its name is an Italian greeting. [PAR] Mexico 1986 [PAR] Pique [PAR] Following the fruit and vegetable theme from the previous tournament, the mascot of Mexico 1986 was a jalape\u00f1o chili pepper, which we all know is a characteristic of Mexican cuisine. The chili also had moustache and was wearing a sombrero. Its name comes from picante, Spanish for spicy peppers and sauces. [PAR] Spain 1982 [PAR] Naranjito [PAR] The 1982 mascot was a small orange, a typical fruit in Spain, with a big grin. He was wearing the kit of the host's national team. Its name comes from naranja, the Spanish word for orange, with the diminutive suffix \"-ito\". [PAR] Argentina 1978 [PAR] Gauchito [PAR] A boy wearing Argentina's playing pale blue and white playing kit. His hat, neckerchief and whip are typical of gauchos. The hat had the words ARGENTINA '78. [PAR] West Germany 1974 [PAR] Tip and Tap [PAR] Two boys wearing the white shirts of Germany, one shirt with with the letters WM (Weltmeisterschaft, German for World Cup) and the other with the number 74 on the front. [PAR] Mexico 1970 [PAR] Juanito [PAR] A boy wearing Mexico's colors and a Mexican sombrero (with the words"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA World Cup - News \u2013 UEFA.com Italy and Germany: a one-way love affair - FIFA World Cup - News - UEFA.com [PAR] Italy and Germany: a one-way love affair [PAR] Published: Wednesday 13 November 2013, 12.11CET [PAR] As Italy face Germany in a Milan friendly on Friday, UEFA.com looks back at some notable past meetings and reflects on some truly miserable nights for the Nationalmannschaft. [PAR] by Paolo Menicucci [PAR] Sepp Maier is beaten by Gianni Rivera's winning goal in extra time in the 1970 World Cup semi-final \u00a9Getty Images [PAR] Headlines [PAR] Published: Wednesday 13 November 2013, 12.11CET [PAR] Italy and Germany: a one-way love affair [PAR] As Italy face Germany in a Milan friendly on Friday, UEFA.com looks back at some notable past meetings and reflects on some truly miserable nights for the Nationalmannschaft. [PAR] Read more [PAR] Italian supporters are spoiled for choice when it comes to favourite past matches against Germany, but having failed to beat the Azzurri in eight competitive games, German fans regard Italy as a bogey team. [PAR] With both sides looking forward to next summer's finals in Brazil, four-time FIFA World Cup winners Italy take on three-time champions Germany in Milan on Friday: a great opportunity for UEFA.com's Italian team to reflect on four memorable victories, and for our German newsdesk to groan quietly in a corner. [PAR] Related Items [PAR] Italy 4-3 West Germany (aet) [PAR] 17 June 1970, FIFA World Cup semi-final [PAR] This meeting at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City famously featured five goals in a sensational 30 minutes of extra time, prompting fans (in Italy at least) to dub it the 'Match of the Century'. Italy took an early lead through Roberto Boninsegna, but Karl-Heinz Schnellinger levelled for Germany at the death despite Franz Beckenbauer playing with his injured arm in a sling. [PAR] Extra time was a frenzy: Gerd M\u00fcller scored, Tarcisio Burgnich replied, Luigi Riva put Italy in front and M\u00fcller responded before Gianni Rivera notched the winner for the Azzurri with nine minutes remaining. \"No one has forgotten that match,\" M\u00fcller reflected. \"It still drives me crazy thinking about it and I haven't recovered from it to this day.\" Scant consolation for Germany, but a few days later an exhausted Italy lost the final 4-1 to Brazil. [PAR] \u00a9Getty Images [PAR] Marco Tardelli's famous 1982 celebration [PAR] Italy 3-1 West Germany [PAR] 11 July 1982, FIFA World Cup final [PAR] Exhaustion was to be a factor in the 1982 showpiece, with West Germany's semi-final against France having gone to penalties, leaving them ill prepared for the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u decider. \"Our semi-final was a real ordeal,\" recalled goalkeeper Toni Schumacher. \"When we met Italy three days later, we were still exhausted. They had a superb team and we had nothing to throw at them.\" [PAR] Antonio Cabrini missed a first-half penalty, yet then Paolo Rossi scored his sixth goal of the tournament \u2013 all of them coming in the last three games \u2013 and Marco Tardelli and Alessandro Altobelli added two more for Enzo Bearzot's side before Paul Breitner's consolation for Germany. Italy's 40-year-old captain Dino Zoff lifted the trophy, but left the partying to his younger team-mates. \"I stayed in my hotel room,\" the keeper said. \"Everybody was asking me to go out and dance and celebrate. Do you really think I could go out and dance at 40?\" [PAR] \u00a9AFP [PAR] Gianluigi Buffon hugs goalscorer Fabio Grosso [PAR] Italy 2-0 Germany (aet) [PAR] 4 July 2006, FIFA World Cup semi-final [PAR] While the 1970 and 1982 defeats were painful enough,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fatal Attraction (1987) - Synopsis - IMDb Fatal Attraction (1987) - Synopsis [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Warning! This synopsis may contain spoilers [PAR] See plot summary for non-spoiler summarized description. [PAR] Visit our Synopsis Help to learn more [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Dan Gallagher (Michael Douglas) is a successful, happily married New York attorney living in Manhattan when he meets Alexandra (Alex) Forrest (Glenn Close), an editor for a publishing company, through business. While his wife, Beth (Anne Archer), and daughter, Ellen (Ellen Hamilton Latzen), are out of town for the weekend, Dan has a passionate affair with Alex. Though he thought it was understood to be a simple fling, she begins clinging to him. [PAR] Dan explains that he must go home and Alex's cuts her wrists in a suicide attempt. Dan helps her to bandage her wrists and later leaves. He thinks the affair is forgotten, but she shows up at various places to see him. She waits at his office one day to apologize and invite him to the opera Madama Butterfly, but he turns her down. She then calls his office until he tells his secretary he will no longer take her calls. Alex then calls his home at all hours and informs him that she is pregnant and plans to keep the baby. Although he wants nothing to do with her, she argues that he must take responsibility. She shows up at his apartment (which is for sale) and meets Beth, feigning interest as a buyer. Later that night, Dan goes to Alex's apartment to confront her about her actions. In response, she replies that she will not be ignored. [PAR] Dan moves his family to the New York village of Bedford, but this doesn't deter Alex. She has a tape recording delivered to him filled with verbal abuse. She stalks him in a parking garage, pours acid on his vehicle, and follows him home one night to spy on him, Beth, and Ellen from the bushes in his yard; the sight of their family life literally makes Alex sick to her stomach. Her obsession again escalates. Dan approaches the police to apply for a restraining order against her (claiming that it is \"for a client\"), to which the police lieutenant claims that he cannot violate her rights without probable cause and that the adulterer has to own up to his adultery. [PAR] At one point, while the Gallaghers are not home, Alex kills Ellen's pet rabbit, and puts it on their stove to boil. After this, Dan tells Beth of the affair and Alex's pregnancy; enraged, she asks him to leave. Before he goes, he calls Alex to tell her that Beth knows about the affair. Beth gets on the phone and warns her that if she persists, she will kill her. Without Dan and Beth's knowledge, Alex picks up Ellen from school and takes her to an amusement park, buying her ice cream as well as taking her on a roller coaster. Beth panics when she realizes that she does not know where Ellen is. Beth drives around searching and rear-ends a car stopped at an intersection and is slightly injured and hospitalized. The film cuts the scenes between the roller coaster ride and the car collision. [PAR] Dan barges into Alex's apartment and attacks her, choking her short of strangling her. He stops himself, but as he does she lunges at him with a kitchen knife. He overpowers her, but puts the knife"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sport Sheffield | Our Location Sport Sheffield | Our Location [PAR] Sport Sheffield [PAR] You\u2019ll love our location [PAR] Sheffield, a city like no other [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] Sheffield is England's fourth largest city. It is famously friendly, and excellent for student social life and entertainment. [PAR] The Lyceum Theatre, the Crucible Theatre and the Studio Theatre make up the largest theatre complex outside of London. [PAR] As the National City of Sport, Sheffield has an enviable choice of world-class facilities [PAR] Sheffield has the world\u2019s oldest football club \u201cSheffield FC\u201d [PAR] It is located in the heart of the country - two hours from London by train. [PAR] Sheffield is one of the greenest cities in the country - 61% of Sheffield's entire area is green space. [PAR] It has 150 woodlands and 50 parks. [PAR] Sport Sheffield is only 11KM (7miles) away from the Peak district [PAR] Great transport links [PAR] Sheffield is well served by national road and rail networks and has excellent local transport. The university campus is on the western edge of the city centre and is easy to get to by car, bus and tram. [PAR] Sheffield Stagecoach Buses: Click here [PAR] Famously Friendly [PAR] Although Sheffield is a major city, and developing all the time, it has kept its sense of community. This is a friendly, safe and affordable place to make your home. Most University buildings are within walking distance from each other and the campus is a very short walk from the city centre. [PAR] Our students love Sheffield so much that they can't tear themselves away. Every year thousands of them set up home here after they've graduated and start to build a life. [PAR] Why? It's friendly, it's beautiful, it's modern, and it\u2019s safe. Some people say it's the most creative city on the planet. There are two and a half million trees. And three and a half million amazing things to do. [PAR] Take your pick from theatre, cinema, art, music, museums, great shopping, thrilling outdoor activities and sport for all. [PAR] Sheffield is a city built on ideas, where you can go on experiencing new things every day. Expand your mind with cutting-edge theatre and film. Push your body harder and further with world-class sporting facilities. Or just forget about all that and go shopping. [PAR] Take a look\u2026\u2026 [PAR] Sheffield a city you\u2019ll love: Click here [PAR] \"Our favourite social and cultural spaces\" by Eleven Design Sheffield: Click here [PAR] A day in the life of Sheffield (Student video using time lapse photography): Click here [PAR] Why Sheffield: Click here [PAR] A Cultural City [PAR] The Lyceum Theatre, the Crucible Theatre and the Studio Theatre make up the largest theatre complex outside of London. Click here for more information. [PAR] Sheffield Doc/Fest brings the international documentary family together to celebrate the art and business of documentary making for [PAR] five intense days in June. Sheffield is fast becoming known as one of the top places in the world for people from the documentary and digital industries to get together - to meet, to screen their work, share knowledge, do business, make new contacts and discuss innovations and challenges they are facing in the ever changing media landscape. Click here for more information. [PAR] You\u2019ll love our location [PAR] Sport Sheffield is the University department that manages all aspects of sport, health and fitness at the University of Sheffield. [PAR] Our main site, the Goodwin Sport Centre, is located between the student residential areas and the main campus. This means it\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soldier Soldier - Jerome Flynn Soldier Soldier [PAR] Entertainment [PAR] Soldier Soldier [PAR] One of the most famous roles for Jerome was in 1990 in the hit TV show Soldier, Soldier. It was this series that brought him together with Robson Green - a partnership that eventually led to the show's most recognisable double-act, and would bring fame and fortune in other ventures. Jerome and Robson shared the same hotel and they spoke to each other for the first time in a taxi. [PAR] Jerome recalls how the more they got to know each other, the more difficult it was to keep a straight face and act responsibly. \"In one scene with the two of us and Robson, the camera turned to Holly for the reverse shot, but we just couldn't keep it together and had to be sent out of the room. Holly acted the scene on her own with the director reading our lines. We were waiting outside, in disgrace.\" [PAR] Both actors were enjoying the work and the relationships they were striking up with the other actors around them, even though they were both convinced the series would be a big flop. But the first series screened in 1991 was an instant success with nine million viewers a week, reaching number seven in the ITV ratings. It won the Gold Award at the Houston International Film Festival for the best drama series. The chemistry between Paddy and Tucker was fast becoming a main focus of the show. So much so that a special video was released featuring highlights of their exploits, which became a great seller. [PAR] Paddy and Tucker [PAR] Nancy and Paddy [PAR] While the first series was filmed in Staffordshire, England, production would move to other countries as \"The King's Fusiliers\" received postings around the world. Jerome was delighted: it was an opportunity to continue to work with Robson, and to travel and explore. [PAR] Soldier Soldier - Series 1. With a six month tour of duty in Northern Ireland behind them, the officers and men of the King's Fusiliers Infantry Regiment look forward to an emotional return to their Midlands' headquarters. Major Tom Cadman, the Company Commander, has to deal with a military problem which results in his judgement being called into question and Corporal Tony Wilton has pressing worries of his own - will he get back in time to see the birth of his first child? [PAR] When Major Tom Cadman is pitched against a rival officer in the Regiment's inter-company manoeuvres, he discovers the stakes are far higher than winning the war games. His arch rival Major 'Dickie' Bird is having an affair with his wife Laura - leaving Cadman to fight for his honour on the battle field and the home front. Meanwhile, Laura Cadman faces the biggest decision of her life - to stay with her husband or to go with the womanising Dickie Bird, who has shown her affection and attention at a lonely time. However, a hazardous night crossing through a freezing river and a gruelling assault course keep the men's minds far from domestic problems. [PAR] The company deputise for dustmen on strike. Chick Henwood has to choose between duty to his men or loyalty to his family. Tony Wilton's marriage hits a rocky stage putting his boxing career before his wife and new-born baby. Wilton and his wife celebrate their son's christening. Freddie Lewis suspects Chick Henwood is having an affair with his wife. [PAR] When Major Tom Cadman is pitched against a rival officer in the Regiment's inter-company manoeuvres, he discovers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Can the Greatest Darts Player of All Time Step Away from ... Can Phil Taylor, the greatest darts player of all time, step away from the game that made him? | Ed Caesar | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Phil Taylor does not remember how much his father made working at Platt\u2019s tile factory in Stoke-on-Trent in the early 1960s, but he knows it was not enough. Like tens of thousands of other men in Stoke, his father worked in the potteries for which the city was famous, and expected his son to one day do the same. His dad got paid on a Friday, and the money rarely lasted the week. [PAR] For the first few years of Taylor\u2019s life, his family lived in a dilapidated terraced house in Tunstall, a rundown area of Stoke, that his parents bought for \u00a3100. The whole family \u2013 Phil, his mum, his dad \u2013 slept on the ground floor because upstairs was condemned. Half the windows were boarded up; his father used to joke that they did not need a window cleaner, they needed a sander. Some days, when Taylor was very young, he and his mother scavenged for scrap metal to sell. When his family scraped together enough money to buy a television, the installer could not find anywhere to plug it in: the Taylors didn\u2019t have electricity. Eventually, they ran a wire to a neighbour\u2019s house and borrowed a plug socket. [PAR] Half a century later, on an ice-cold night in January, Taylor stood and waited on the stage at Alexandra Palace in north London, with three darts in his left hand, in the final set of the final match of the 2015 PDC World Darts Championships, with more than a million people watching on television, trying to win \u00a3250,000. He did not need the money \u2013 or at least, he did not need it in the way a poor man might need it. Taylor had utterly dominated the sport of professional darts for 25 years. He had won 16 world championships \u2013 an achievement unlikely ever to be surpassed, except by himself. (Nobody else has won more than five.) He continued to make more money than any other darts player \u2013 more than \u00a32m a year. But he was 54, and he did not win as often or as easily as he used to. He was getting old. His eyesight was weakening. He was going through a divorce. His mother was dying. In the press box and in the players\u2019 lounge, many wondered whether he would soon retire from the sport altogether \u2013 or why he had not already. [PAR] The darts that Taylor held in his hand mattered more than any others he had thrown that evening. There are various formats in darts, but at the Worlds, you win a leg by getting your score from 501 down to exactly zero quicker than your opponent. A perfect leg, rarely seen, uses only nine darts: seven treble 20s, followed by a treble 19 and a double 12, for instance. (Taylor has achieved this feat more than any other player, although he has never thrown a nine-darter at the Worlds.) The first player to win three legs wins the set, and the first player to win seven sets wins the match. Players throw three darts at a time from the oche \u2013 a line 7ft 9\u00bcin from the board \u2013 and must finish on a double. (So, if you need 40 to reach exactly zero, you must land on a double 20.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A History Of Oliver! | Oliver! A History Of Oliver! | Oliver! [PAR] A History Of Oliver! [PAR] Welcome to the official website for Oliver! [PAR] The Show [PAR] A History Of Oliver! [PAR] A History Of Oliver! [PAR] Oliver! played for over three years at the London Palladium (1,366 performances), grossing \u00a340 million at the Box Office. [PAR] 690 children from Inverness to the Isle of Wight appeared at the London Palladium. For the 1998-99 UK Tour the children rehearsed for four full weeks before their first performances, with two teams of approximately 18 children at each venue. [PAR] Oliver! has played in 22 different languages: Basque, Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Slovakian, Spanish and Swedish. [PAR] Artists who have appeared as Fagin include: Russ Abbott, Jim Dale, Roy Hudd, Barry Humphries, Robert Lindsay, Ron Moody, Jonathan Pryce, Rowan Atkinson, Omid Djalili and Griff Rhys Jones. [PAR] Artists who have appeared as The Artful Dodger include: Phil Collins, Davy Jones (from the Monkees), Anthony Newley and Jack Wild. [PAR] Artists who have appeared as Oliver include: Mark Lester and Dennis Waterman. [PAR] The name \u2018Artful Dodger\u2019 is variously translated. In Hungarian it is Pitkakynsi meaning light-fingered. In Swedish it is Raven meaning the sly and cunning fox. In Hebrew it is Ha\u2019Chamkan which translates as Slippery Roger. [PAR] In Food Glorious Food the boys dream of cold jelly and custard but in foreign translations of productions, some of the local delicacies boys dream of are; a fresh fish (Finland), goulash soup and chestnut puree (Hungary), huge cakes and pork chops (Poland), meat pudding (Sweden), porkham (Japan). [PAR] Interesting Facts [PAR] The recent London Drury Lane production was nominated for 3 Olivier awards including Best Musical Revival. [PAR] The total number of performances for the recent London run was 866. [PAR] During its recent residence at Drury Lane, Oliver! played to nearly 1.5million people (1,482,663)! [PAR] The production ran for 108 weeks \u2013 just over 2 years \u2013 and it had 4 actors who played Fagin \u2013 Rowan Atkinson, Omid Djalili , Russ Abbot and Griff Rhys Jones. [PAR] Oliver! Awards[DOC] [TLE] Oliver! (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Consider Yourself Oliver! (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Consider Yourself [PAR] Oliver! (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Consider Yourself [PAR] Just the front-end of the mammoth production number from... [PAR] Oliver! (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Consider Yourself [PAR] Just the front-end of the mammoth production number from Lionel Bart's \"Consider Yourself,\" featuring Jack Wild (The Artful Dodger) and Mark Lester (title character), from Carol Reed's Dickens-based musical Oliver!, 1968.> [PAR] Six Academy Awards, including Best... [PAR] Oliver! -- (Re-issue Trailer) [PAR] Six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, went to Oliver! (1968), the musical version of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist.> [PAR] Original theatrical trailer for \"Oliver Twist,\" (1948) [PAR] Original theatrical trailer for... [PAR] Oliver Twist - (Original Trailer) [PAR] Charles Dickens' classic tale Oliver Twist (1948) brought to the screen by director David Lean. Starring Alec Guinness as Fagin.> [PAR] Sons of the Desert - (Movie Clip) Oliver pleads... [PAR] Sons of the Desert (Oliver pleads with his wife to attend a... [PAR] Sons of the Desert - (Movie Clip) Oliver pleads with his wife to attend a convention [PAR] Oliver (Oliver Hardy) tries to convince his wife to let him attend a men-only convention with his pal Stan (Stan Laurel) in this scene from Sons of the Desert (1933).> [PAR] Oliver! (1968) -- (Movie Clip) I'd Do... [PAR] The Dodger (Jack Wild), title character (Mark Lester), Nancy... [PAR] Oliver!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sony Ericsson Repair Services | Dr. Cell Phone Sony Ericsson Repair Services | Dr. Cell Phone [PAR] Sony Ericsson Repair Services [PAR] Sony Ericsson Repair Services [PAR] Sony Ericsson was established on October 3, 2001 by the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to make mobile phones. By 2008, Sony Ericsson became the fifth-largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world after Nokia, Samsung, LG and Motorola. [PAR] The Sony Ericsson Walkman Series music phones, which launched in 2005, was a great source of success for Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson became notable globally for its emphasis on the fusion of mobile and music. On May 28, 2009, Sony Ericsson unveiled the Satio\u2014the first 12 Megapixel camera phone. Sony Ericsson\u2019s mobile phone division is certainly on the uprise. [PAR] Dr. Cell Phone repairs all types and models of Sony Ericsson phones including the world-renown Walkman series. Specializing in cracked screens, flex cables, housing replacements, speaker and mic issues, and charging port replacements, Dr. Cell Phone can repair any Sony Ericsson phone![DOC] [TLE] It all began with a failed rice cooker - a glimpse at Sony ... It all began with a failed rice cooker - a glimpse at Sony\ufffds history - GSMArena blog [PAR] Sony [PAR] It's a well known fact that Sony, a multinational conglomerate head-quartered in Tokyo, Japan, is one of the leading brands in the consumer as well as professional electronics market today. However, what is not widely known is how it all began. In this article, we\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdll take a brief look at the company's history - it\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds journey from the beginning to where it is today, as well as some its milestone products. [PAR] The Beginning [PAR] Around 70 years ago, in the year 1945, defense contractor Masaru Ibuka established a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo\"(Totsuken), or Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute. This was the time when the World War II had just ended. Ibuka\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds firm operated from the third floor of the damaged Shirokiya Department Store (shown below) in Tokyo. [PAR] Although the company mainly focused on radio repairs, it also came up with its own product: an electric rice cooker. [PAR] Made by interlocking aluminum electrodes connected to the bottom of a wooden tub, the product lacked innovation, and mostly produced either overcooked or undercooked rice - the result depended on the type of rice as well as the quantity of water used. Overall, it was a failed attempt, and the cooker never hit the market. [PAR] Tape recorders and transistors [PAR] In May 1946, Ibuka joined hands with former naval lieutenant Akio Morita to launch a new business called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo K.K. (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation), also known as Totsuko. [PAR] Based in Nihonbashi, Tokyo, the firm was started with an initial investment of 190,000 yen (around $1,500 today), and also incorporated Ibuka\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds radio repair business along with its entire staff. Totsuko focused on research and manufacture of telecommunications and measuring equipment. [PAR] The company\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds first creation was a 'Power megaphone' that went on sale in October 1947. Three years later, the firm launched Japan\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds first magnetite-coated, paper-based recording tape, dubbed Soni-Tape. [PAR] A few months later, the country\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds first magnetic tape recorder, the G-Type was also launched. Interestingly, the device was viewed as a product for government use, hence the G in G Type. [PAR] The product didn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt sell well initially, primarily because people knew little about tape recorders and how they can be useful. This led to Ibuka and Morita personally visiting places like government agencies, schools, and universities to market the product, and convince"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goliath Bird Eating Spider - Theraphosa blondi Goliath Bird Eating Spider - Theraphosa blondi [PAR] Genus: Theraphosa [PAR] Species: blondi [PAR] The Goliath bird-eating spider is, as its name suggests, large enough to eat a bird. This giant spider is found in the northern South American countries of Suriname, Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Its habitat is the wet swamps and marshy areas deep within the primary rainforest. The Goliath bird-eating spider was named by explorers from the Victorian era who first reported them to the western world, and witnessed one eating a humming bird. [PAR] Goliath bird-eaters are the world's largest species of tarantula. Tarantula is a generic name for hairy spiders. This hairy spider has a leg span of 12 inches (30.5 cm) across, or about the size of a dinner plate or small pizza, and they can weigh 2.5 ounces (70 g). Their bodies are dark and light brown in color. Like most spiders they lack antennae and have four pairs of legs. Their bodies are made up of two external parts; the cephalothorax, or head and neck combined, and the abdomen. Their eyesight is weak even though they have 8 eyes. They can only see differences in the level of light. They rely instead on sensory hairs that feel the slightest vibrations on the ground and in the air, and allows them to detect movement. [PAR] Like most tarantulas, the Goliath-bird eater is a deep burrowing species. They live in burrows in the ground dug by the spiders themselves, or abandoned by rodents. The female spends most of her life in her silk-lined burrow. They are nocturnal spiders and don't travel more than a few feet from home, resting in their burrows during the day. [PAR] The Goliath bird-eating spider is a solitary arachnid, and only associates with other spiders of its species when mating or guarding its young. Males can be identified by the mating hooks on the first set of legs. The male will come to the entrance of the female's burrow and try to entice her out. He will use his mating hooks when she comes out to restrain her fangs while he tries to mate with her. Afterwards he has to make a fast getaway or be injured or killed by the female. About 50% of the males are killed or maimed while trying to mate. [PAR] The female deposits about 50 eggs in a silken egg sack about 1 inch (3 cm) in diameter, and stores it in her burrow. She guards it for 6 to 7 weeks, even taking the sack with her when she leaves the burrow. After the young spiders hatch they stay in the nest until their first molt, and then go out on their own. [PAR] The Goliath bird-eating spiders are considered to be very aggressive and do not make good pets. Unlike other spiders, who are noiseless, the Goliath bird-eating spider can make a hissing noise to frighten off threats by rubbing bristles on its legs together. They will also rear up on their hind legs in a threat position. Their two fangs have poison glands at their base. Although they are not very toxic to humans, they can cause severe pain, nausea and sweating. The venom works on the nervous system and paralyzes its smaller victims. A more painful way of defending itself is to flick off the hairs on its abdomen with its legs. These microscopically barbed hairs can be irritating to the skin and lungs. They will cause swelling for a few hours like a nettle rash. It is most serious"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ribs - The Human Skeletal System The Ribs - The Human Skeletal System [PAR] The Human Skeletal System [PAR] References [PAR] The Ribs [PAR] The ribs are flat, thin bones that, together with the sternum , make up the ribcage. The ribs provide protection for vital organs in the upper body, including the heart and lungs. The ribs also help to protect major vessels in the upper body. There are twelve pairs of ribs, accounting for 24 total rib bones. The ribs are divided into the following three categories: true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs. The primary differences are size, and how they connect to the front of the skeleton. Below is a more detailed description of the three categories. [PAR] True Ribs [PAR] The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum ) are called \"true ribs.\" They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front. Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration. [PAR] False Ribs [PAR] The next three pairs of rib bones (8, 9 and 10) are called \"false ribs.\" Like the true ribs, false ribs are connected to the spine at the back. The primary difference in true ribs and false ribs comes in where the false ribs connect at the front. Instead of connecting to the sternum , false ribs (which are also slightly shorter than true ribs) actually connect to the lowest true ribs (this may be observed in the picture, above). [PAR] Floating Ribs [PAR] The last two pairs of ribs (11 and 12) are the smallest of all of the rib bones, and are called \"floating ribs.\" They get the name \"floating rib\" because they are connected to the spin at the back, but are not connected to anything at the front, thus appearing to \"float.\" [PAR] In addition to protecting vital organs, such as the heart and lungs, the ribs serve other important purposes in the human body. The ribs give shape and support to the chest. They protect parts of other organs, including the stomach, spleen and kidneys. The ribs also help humans to breathe. The cartilage that connects the true ribs to the sternum allows the chest to expand when you inhale and the lungs fill with air. The rigidity and mass of the rib bones then help to contract the lungs and expel air when you exhale. [PAR] Create a free website[DOC] [TLE] Ribs and Costal Cartilages - Human Anatomy Ribs and Costal Cartilages [PAR] Ribs and Costal Cartilages [PAR] Human Anatomy \u00bb Body Systems \u00bb Skeletal System \u00bb Ribs and Costal Cartilages [PAR] Ribs: [PAR] There are 12 pairs of ribs, all of which are attached posteriorly to the respective thoracic vertebrae. The upper 7 pairs are attached to the sternum directly through their costal cartilages. Ribs 8 through 10 are attached indirectly to the sternum through the seventh costal cartilage. Their costal cartilages are also attached with each other at different points. The 11th and 12th rib do not attach anteriorly to anything and just end in the muscles of body wall. They are, for this reason, called floating ribs. [PAR] A typical rib is a long twisted bone, which is flat in outline and has smooth rounded superior border and a sharp thin inferior border. The inferior border of each rib overhangs and forms the costal groove , through which the intercostals vessels and nerves pass. [PAR] Typical Rib [PAR] Parts of a typical rib: [PAR] A typical rib"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seahorses - National Wildlife Federation Seahorses - National Wildlife Federation [PAR] search all NWF [PAR] Seahorses [PAR] Is there something fishy about these horses? Or is there something horsy about these fishes? The answer: both! [PAR] by Kathy Kranking [PAR] Seahorses are actually fish, but they look like they\u2019re trying not to be! With their horsy heads, monkey tails, and kangaroo pouches, they sure are oddballs of the fish family. [PAR] [PAR] There are about 38 species of seahorses. They can be as short as a staple or as long as a hammer. But no matter what size they are, seahorses do just fine being odd. Their unusual parts help them survive. Take that horsy head with its long snout, for example. [PAR] A seahorse uses its snout as a straw to suck up tiny animals. A seahorse has no teeth, so it just swallows food whole \u2014 as many as 3,000 tiny creatures in a day. Talk about eating like a horse! [PAR] Also, a seahorse can move its eyes in opposite directions at the same time. So it can look for food with one eye and watch out for predators with the other. [PAR] A seahorse looks like a collection of spare animal parts! Check out the horsy head of the speckled seahorse at left and the monkey tails of the longsnout seahorses at right. [PAR] [PAR] Poky Little Ponies [PAR] Most fish swim by wiggling their bodies and tails from side to side. But a seahorse swims by fluttering a tiny fin on its back. It uses fins on the sides of its head to help with steering and balance. [PAR] Seahorses are no racehorses: they\u2019re the slowest of all fish. It would take more than a minute for some kinds to swim from your elbow to your fingertips. Since they\u2019re such weak swimmers, seahorses spend most of their time just hanging on to things. That\u2019s where those unusual \u201cmonkey tails\u201d come in. The tails work as hands. Seahorses can curl them around coral, plants, or other things and hold on tight. [PAR] Hiding in Plain Sight [PAR] A seahorse\u2019s body is unusual for a fish. It\u2019s covered with bony plates, kind of like a suit of armor. Stretched over the plates is thin skin that has no scales. Since seahorses are mostly skin and bones, they have few predators. But some crabs, fish, birds, and other creatures don\u2019t mind a crunchy meal. To stay safe from these predators, and to hide from prey, seahorses have a trick: They disappear! Most can change color to blend in with whatever they are clinging to. And some seahorses have spines, bumps, or other growths that help them match their \u201chitching posts,\u201d as well. [PAR] Like all seahorses, these spiny seahorses like to \u201chang around,\u201d holding on with their curly tails. They\u2019ll grab on to whatever they can find \u2014 even each other. [PAR] Can you find the pygmy seahorse? This kind of seahorse comes in only two colors. The yellow ones live in yellow sea fans. And the pink ones live in pink sea fans. What perfect matches! [PAR] [PAR] Mr. Mom [PAR] By far, the seahorse\u2019s oddest part is its kangaroo pouch. But what\u2019s even odder is that the seahorse dads are the ones with the pouches! That\u2019s because, unlike other animals, male and female seahorses switch jobs: The dads have the babies! [PAR] When a male seahorse is ready to mate, he signals the female by filling his pouch with water. The female swims up and presses against him. She puts her egg-laying tube, called"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mongoose | Definition of Mongoose by Merriam-Webster Mongoose | Definition of Mongoose by Merriam-Webster [PAR] noun mon\u00b7goose \\\u02c8m\u00e4n-\u02ccg\u00fcs, \u02c8m\u00e4\u014b-\u02ccg\u00fcs\\ [PAR] Definition of mongoose for Students [PAR] plural [PAR] mongooses [PAR] : a long thin furry animal with sharp claws that eats small animals (as snakes and mice), eggs, and fruit [PAR] Learn More about mongoose [PAR] Spanish Central: Translation of mongoose Nglish: Translation of mongoose for Spanish speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about mongoose [PAR] Seen and Heard [PAR] What made you want to look up mongoose? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] It's Not Lupus | Know Your Meme It's Not Lupus | Know Your Meme [PAR] Know Your Meme [PAR] Ten Influential Teenage Albums [PAR] Also Trending: [PAR] Part of a series on House . [View Related Entries] [PAR] Updated Oct 17, 2011 at 10:08PM EDT by Mister J . [PAR] Added Oct 12, 2009 at 11:00PM EDT by Greg McCoral . [PAR] Like us on Facebook! [PAR] PROTIP: Press 'i' to view the image gallery, 'v' to view the video gallery, or 'r' to view a random entry. [PAR] This submission is currently being researched & evaluated! [PAR] You can help confirm this entry by contributing facts, media, and other evidence of notability and mutation. [PAR] Status [PAR] Encyclopedia Dramatica Meme Generator Urban Dictionary Wikipedia [PAR] Origin [PAR] This phrase originates from the FOX show House, also known as House, M.D. The series revolves around the unconventional and misanthropic genius, doctor Gregory House, working with younger doctors at the Princeton\u2011Plainsboro Teaching Hospital (PPTH) in New Jersey, in order to solve difficult health mysteries. [PAR] The phrase was coined when the younger doctors were suggesting a case of lupus, when they couldn\u2019t figure out what was wrong with the patient. Because lupus usually takes several years to be diagnosed, Dr. House usually says \u201cIt\u2019s not lupus.\u201d or \u201cIt\u2019s never lupus.\u201d. That was until the team actually ran into a case, where House had to admit there being an actual case of lupus. [PAR] Usage [PAR] The phrase is commonly used in situations involving the character of doctor House, but it can also used as a response in situations involving an illness. The phrase has also been associated with jokes involving wolves and other animals, due to the Latin family name Canis Lupus. [PAR] What is Lupus? [PAR] Lupus is a shortened name of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Lupus is a chronic disease,which causes the body\u2019s immune system to attack body cells. It most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system, and is often fatal, for there is no cure for lupus yet. [PAR] The reason why the doctors at PPTH is unable to determine whether a certain disease is lupus or not is because lupus often mimics or is mistaken for other illnesses. Lupus is known as one of the \u201cgreat imitators\u201d within diseases. Symptoms of lupus may vary widely and come and go unpredictably. [PAR] Read more about lupus [PAR] here . [PAR] Google Insights [PAR] The biggest spike in searches for \u201cIt\u2019s Not Lupus\u201d, was in 2007, when the series was at its most popular phase. The search interest has diminished since 2009, but the searches are still somewhat common.[DOC] [TLE] sfhd - The history of lupus erythematosus sfhd - The history of lupus erythematosus [PAR] THE HISTORY OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS [PAR] X. SIERRA, M.D. (TERRASSA, BARCELONA - SPAIN) [PAR] Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a disorder which presents a wide and varied symptomatology. Its causes are also diverse and still little known. Finally, its evolution is so variable that it can range from a fatal outcome to a hardly apparent minor complaint, which would go on unnoticed were it not for the immuno-assay tests available to us today. [PAR] When the injuries of lupus erythematosus are limited to the skin it is known as discoidal lupus erythematosus. When, on the other hand, there exist visceral effects, it is known as systemic lupus erythematosus. The developement of knowledge about lupus erythematosus has been reviewed by some authors 1 , 2 . [PAR] THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME \"LUPUS\" [PAR] The name by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Things You Didn't Know About Taggart | Taggart | Alibi ... 10 Things You Didn't Know About Taggart | Taggart | Alibi Channel [PAR] Taggart [PAR] 10 Things You Didn't Know About Taggart [PAR] You\u2019ve watched Jardine, Robbie Ross and Taggart himself crack crime on the mean streets of Glasgow \u2013 but do you know who to credit with the creation of the series? And just why did Mark McManus once attack a co-star\u2019s wig? Here's our list of 10 things you didn\u2019t know about Taggart. [PAR] Tweet [PAR] 1: The creator of Taggart, Glenn Chandler, \"nicked\" the detective's name from a gravestone. [PAR] It was in the early 80s that the controller of drama at Scottish Television invited Chandler to try his hand at writing a crime thriller about a Glaswegian cop. Chandler had a modest reputation thanks to some TV plays he'd written, and relished the chance to write a major show. Shortly after getting the job, he went out for a walk in Edinburgh and, crossing through a cemetery, glimpsed the name Taggart on a headstone. And his hero was born. [PAR] 2: Taggart was actually called \"Killer\" when it was first broadcast in 1983. This is because it was initially intended to be a mini-series following one story over three episodes. This explains why it lacks the Taggart theme, opening with an oddly gentle piece of classical music instead. The story, which featured Jim Taggart working alongside his first sidekick Peter Livingstone, was so successful that the ITV network immediately commissioned a full series under the name Taggart. [PAR] 3: Jim Taggart may have been a bit on the dour side, but Mark McManus was a practical joker \u2013 especially when co-stars annoyed him. One victim was Annette Crosbie \u2013 best-known as Victor Meldrew's long-suffering wife \u2013 who featured in a 1987 edition of Taggart. Being a perfectionist, she kept asking McManus to rehearse together. McManus, who usually read over his lines just once before filming, became so annoyed that during one scene he went to light her cigarette and \"accidentally\" burnt away part of her wig with an extra-long flame (a gaff which later featured on It'll be Alright on the Night). While making the next episode, McManus quipped to a co-star, \"I hope you're not gonna be any trouble or I'll set you on fire like the last one!\" [PAR] 4: The famous theme song from Taggart is called No Mean City and has an illustrious pedigree. It was written by Mike Moran, an acclaimed musician who wrote the classic track Barcelona for Freddie Mercury. He also wrote a song called Snot Rap for Kenny Everett, but we won't dwell on that. No Mean City is sung by Maggie Bell, the former lead singer of the 70s Glasgow band, Stone the Crows. The band disbanded prematurely after their guitarist died after being electrocuted by his microphone during a gig \u2013 a tragic, freak accident. [PAR] 5: James Macpherson, who played the trusted sidekick (and eventual leading character) DCI Jardine actually applied to become a policeman in real life. He even got as far as an interview, but abruptly decided to abandon that path and take up acting because he simply felt he wasn't tough enough to be a copper. Still, police roles have defined him as an actor \u2013 having starred in not only Taggart but The Bill as well. And he's played that other Scottish detective, Rebus, for spoken word books. [PAR] 6: It's almost surprising just how many places around the world have been hungry for the mean streets"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Enfield - IMDb Harry Enfield - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Official Photos \u00bb [PAR] Harry Enfield was born on May 30, 1961 in Horsham, Sussex [now West Sussex], England. He is an actor and writer, known for Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000), Ruddy Hell! It's Harry and Paul (2007) and Churchill: The Hollywood Years (2004). He has been married to Lucy Lyster since February 1997. They have three children. See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (TV Series 1983\u20132004) - IMDb Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (TV Series 1983\u20132004) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The adventures of a gang of British workmen abroad. Combines black and white humour with moments of drama, poignancy and drunkenness. In series 1, the lads head to Germany seeking work, and... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Dennis returns to Newcastle where he meets up with Oz. Unhappy at not being met at the airport, Ally is even less pleased to find his Jaguar has had a run-in with a skip. [PAR] 9.2 [PAR] The magnificent seven are forced to camp out in Thornley Manor. Wayne is given the cold shoulder by the other lads and is forced to start thinking seriously about how to regain his popularity. [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] With his divorce proceedings underway Dennis is dating Dagmar from the site office and he takes her to spend the night at the Intercontinental hotel. Meanwhile Barry and Wayne chat up two Swedish air... [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 07 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 10 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 01 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Title: Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983\u20132004) [PAR] 8.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Ken Boon and Harry Crawford are two middle-aged ex-firemen who start out in business together, initially in Birmingham and later in Nottingham. During the seven series (1986-1992), Ken ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Michael Elphick, David Daker, Neil Morrissey [PAR] Arthur Daley, a small-time conman, hires former boxer Terry McCann to be his 'minder', so Terry can protect him (Arthur) from other, small-time, crooks. While Terry is trying his hardest to... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: George Cole, Glynn Edwards, Dennis Waterman [PAR] Crocodile Shoes (TV Mini-Series 1994) [PAR] Drama [PAR] Jimmy Nail stars in the drama series about a Geordie factory worker who writes country songs. Looking for his big break in the music industry. [PAR] Stars: Jimmy Nail, Leonard Silver, Alex Kingston [PAR] This comedy series is all about two mates, Gary and Tony who share a two bedroom home. They are grown men who act like a couple of drunk two year olds, who spend their time either drinking ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Martin Clunes, Caroline Quentin, Leslie Ash [PAR] The prison life of Fletcher, a criminal serving a five-year sentence, as he strives to bide his time, keep his record clean, and refuses to be ground down by the prison system. [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, Brian Wilde, Fulton Mackay [PAR] The series followed the wavering relationship between two ex-lovers, Penny Warrender, a secretary for an advertising firm, and Vincent Pinner, an ex ice cream salesman turned turf ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Paul Nicholas, Jan Francis, Sylvia Kay [PAR] The crazy and sometimes surreal comedic adventures of four very different students in Thatcher's Britain. [PAR] Stars: Rik Mayall, Adrian Edmondson,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV Shows We Used To Watch - BBC Juke Box Jury 1959-67 TV Shows We Used To Watch - BBC Juke Box Jury 1959-67 | Flickr [PAR] Paul Townsend By: Paul Townsend [PAR] TV Shows We Used To Watch - BBC Juke Box Jury 1959-67 [PAR] Classic 1950s and 60s pop music show in which a panel votes hit or miss on the new releases they are played. David Jacobs presents, with Nina and Frederick, Jill Ireland and David McCallum on the panel. [PAR] [PAR] The show - in which assorted celebrities rated new single releases a 'hit' or a 'miss' - began on US Television in 1948 starring Hollywood DJ Peter Potter. [PAR] [PAR] One of the highlights of the show's history was when The Beatles appeared on December 7th 1963. They rated songs by artists including Billy Fury, Elvis Presley and The Swinging Blue Jeans - all of which became hits. [PAR] [PAR] On the night, seven of the Beatles' predictions were right and three were wrong. [PAR] [PAR] The show's format was very simple: a panel of four guests would listen to a batch of the latest pop singles and judge them a hit or a miss. [PAR] [PAR] The fact that the programme was performance-free meant that during a song the camera would pan around the studio audience, linger on the celebrity panel or cut back to the show's host, originally the DJ David Jacobs, to no great purpose. [PAR] [PAR] Despite this lack of visual interest, the show proved extremely popular, with a weekly audience peaking at around 12 million, while an appearance by the Rolling Stones as the panellists attracted 10,000 requests for tickets for the programme's recording. [PAR] [PAR] The most famous guests to appear on the show were The Beatles, who generated such pandemonium that the audience drowned out much of what they said. [PAR] [PAR] It was axed towards the end of 1967 after falling ratings, but revived on two occasions, the first time with Noel Edmonds as presenter (in 1979), and the second time with Jools Holland (from 1989 to 1990). The theme music for the show was called \"Hit and Miss\" and was performed by \"The John Barry Seven\". [PAR] [PAR] The following clip is a section from a programme in 1960. [PAR] [PAR] www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3y-wNnh3g0 [PAR] [PAR] Nina and Frederik were a Danish popular singing duo of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Their repertoire consisted of a blend of folk music, calypsos and standards. The duo consisted of Frederik, Baron van Pallandt and his wife at the time Nina van Pallandt. [PAR] [PAR] Nina and Frederik began singing together at the age of four, but since Frederik's father was the Dutch ambassador to Denmark, his family moved away and the children lost contact with each other. However in 1957 he re-established contact with Nina at her parents home and one evening played his guitar for her. To his surprise Nina began singing to it, and it was at that moment that they decided to sing together. Originally they sang only for their friends, and occasionally at house parties. This led to them being asked to perform at charity shows and soon they were in demand professionally. On 1 July 1957, the duo made their professional show business debut in Copenhagen's top night club, Mon Coeur. Within a matter of months they had become great favourites throughout Europe. They married in September 1960 and in 1961 had their own series on British Television, Nina and Frederik at home. [PAR] [PAR] Their earliest known single was \"Jamaica Farewell\"/\"Come"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Square, Walford - EastEnders Wiki - Wikia Albert Square, Walford | EastEnders Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Albert Square at night from High Up, February 2015 [PAR] Albert Square at Night on Halloween 2014. Seen from No. 31's Roof. [PAR] Albert Square at night (February 2015). [PAR] Albert Square in Walford is a typical Victorian East London square of houses with a street leading off one side called Bridge Street with a pub on the corner called The Queen Vic . Another road leading to and from the square is a small road in between Albert Square and Victoria Road near the car lot. It has housed many residents over the years. The square has a garden in the middle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] About [PAR] Albert Square is the fictional location of the popular BBC soap opera EastEnders. It is ostensibly located in the equally fictional London borough of Walford in London's East End. The square's design was based on the real life Fassett Square in the East End, and was given the name Albert Square after the real life history of Prince Albert and the then deprived East End. The public house, The Queen Victoria, was also given its name due to this. One of the key characteristics of the pub is the window twitching by any of the occupants throughout the years. They are often known to look out of the windows, giving a view of the whole Square. This is especially common in dramatic storylines. [PAR] Central to the Square are the gardens. The garden is home to Arthur Fowler's bench, which was placed there in memory of him. The bench is also known as the Bench of Tears, as it is often the place where characters will go and cry. [PAR] The square is the centre for all of the everyday drama in all of Walford's residents' lives, most of the characters on EastEnders live on the square. Although a major place on the show, there are other places which are used in the show, like the market. [PAR] In 2011 it was revealed that Albert Square's postcode is E20 6PQ, despite previously having used E20 6RF on Dot Branning 's Driving Licence. [PAR] Famous Deaths [PAR] In June 2001, 17-year-old Ashley Cotton was killed instantly when he crashed a stolen motorbike in the Square. New Year's Day has seen two deaths in the Square. In 1999, Tiffany Mitchell was knocked down and killed by Frank Butcher's car. In 2006, Dennis Rickman was stabbed to death by a mysterious hooded attacker (later revealed to be Danny Moon). [PAR] On Christmas Day 2006, Walford matriarch Pauline Fowler died in Albert Square, next to Arthur's bench, under the Christmas tree after suffering a fatal brain haemorrhage. [PAR] On April 2, 2009 Danielle Jones was killed by Janine Butcher when Ronnie Mitchell found out Danielle was her daughter [PAR] Albert Square within the EastEnders set [PAR] In reality, the exterior set for the fictional Albert Square is located in the permanent backlot of the BBC's Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire at 51\u00b039\u203232\u2033N 0\u00b016\u203240\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff51.65889, -0.27778. The set is outdoors and open to the weather, and much of it consists of full-scale practical buildings and street furniture. As the show is filmed up to six weeks in advance, the trees need to have extra leaves stuck on them during the Spring to make them look like they would in Summer. [PAR] It is mooted that Albert Square, will transfer to Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire where a new set will be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheers (TV Series 1982\u20131993) - IMDb Cheers (TV Series 1982\u20131993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The regulars of the Boston bar Cheers share their experiences and lives with each other while drinking or working at the bar where everybody knows your name. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Frasier and Lilith announce that they are moving in together and as the instigators of the relationship, they invite Sam and Diane over as their first dinner guests. Just prior to Sam and Diane's ... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] Woody embarks on his new life as City Councilman. Norm embarks on his new life as civil servant as Woody pulled some strings to get him an accounting job at City Hall. And Rebecca and Sam embark on ... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] Diane thinks that Frasier is masking romantic feelings for his colleague, Dr. Lilith Sternin, so she launches a plan to fan the flames of love. Meanwhile, Norm and Cliff reluctantly join Woody for a ... [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 30 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Cheers \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 6 Golden Globes. Another 71 wins & 180 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane moves back to his hometown of Seattle where he lives with his father and works as a radio psychiatrist. [PAR] Stars: Kelsey Grammer, Jane Leeves, David Hyde Pierce [PAR] Light television comedy featuring Paul and Jaime Buchman as a recently married couple in New York City. They point out the gentle humor of domesticity and in the everyday situations of life. [PAR] Stars: Paul Reiser, Helen Hunt, John Pankow [PAR] The staff of a New York City taxicab company go about their job while they dream of greater things. [PAR] Stars: Judd Hirsch, Jeff Conaway, Danny DeVito [PAR] Al Bundy is a misanthropic women's shoe salesman with a miserable life. He hates his job, his wife is lazy, his son is dysfunctional (especially with women), and his daughter is dim-witted and promiscuous. [PAR] Stars: Ed O'Neill, Christina Applegate, Katey Sagal [PAR] In this sitcom, Charlie, who takes Mike Flaherty's place in later years, is the Deputy-Mayor of New York City, and his team of half-wits must constantly save the Mayor from embarrassment and the media. [PAR] Stars: Michael J. Fox, Charlie Sheen, Heather Locklear [PAR] Will and Grace live together in an apartment in New York. He's a gay lawyer, she's a straight interior designer. [PAR] Stars: Eric McCormack, Debra Messing, Megan Mullally [PAR] An eccentric fun-loving judge presides over an urban night court and all the silliness going on there. [PAR] Stars: Harry Anderson, John Larroquette, Richard Moll [PAR] Four previously married women live together in Miami, sharing their various experiences together and enjoying themselves despite hard times. [PAR] Stars: Bea Arthur, Betty White, Rue McClanahan [PAR] The staff of an army hospital in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many points are the snooker balls worth? | Reference.com How many points are the snooker balls worth? | Reference.com [PAR] How many points are the snooker balls worth? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Each color ball in snooker is worth a different number of points with the highest value ball being the black ball, which is worth seven points. The red ball is worth one point, yellow is worth two points, green is worth three points, brown is worth four points, blue is worth five points and pink is worth six points. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In the game of snooker the red balls must be hit into a pocket first. Once a red ball has been potted, the player has the opportunity to try and pot a colored ball of their choice. If they are successful, they can then pot another red ball followed by another color. Once all the red balls are potted in the pockets, the players must then try and pot the colored balls in order of their value, from lowest to highest.[DOC] [TLE] Snooker Rules - Billiard World - Improve Your Pool Game Snooker Rules [PAR] [PAR] Rules of Snooker [PAR] Type of Game: International or \"English\" snooker is the most widely played form of snooker around the world. It is generally played on 6'x12' English billiard tables, with cushions that are more narrow than on pocket billiard tables and which curve smoothly into the pocket openings. 5 x 10 and snooker tables of even smaller playing dimensions may be used for the game. On a 6 x 12 snooker (English billiard) table the playing area within the cushion faces shall measure 11' 8.5\" x 5' 10\" with a tolerance on both dimensions of +/-0.5\". The height of the table is measured from the floor to the top of the cushion rail, and the height shall measure 34\" with an allowable variance of +/-0.5\". [PAR] If you like playing snooker on your computer, you can also try casino gaming online for free or real money. Sites like www.realmoneyaction.com provide online casino games, guides and reviews of best online casinos. [PAR] Players: 2 [PAR] Balls Used: Set of Snooker balls: fifteen object balls that are not numbered and are solid red (called reds), six object balls of other colors that are not numbered (called colors) and a cue ball (called the white ball). Point values for object balls: red-1, yellow-2, green-3, brown-4, blue-5, pink-6, black-7. In International Snooker the balls used are 2-1/16\" diameter. [PAR] The Rack: Play begins with the balls placed as in the diagram above. The pink is spotted on the Pyramid Spot. The apex ball of the triangle of reds is racked as close as possible to the pink without touching it. [PAR] Baulk-line and Baulk: A straight line drawn 29\" from the face of the bottom cushion and parallel to it is called the Baulk-line and the intervening space termed the Baulk. [PAR] The Half Circle: The Half Circle is a semi-circle described in Baulk with its center at the middle of the Baulk-line and with a radius of 11.5\". When the striker has cue ball in hand within the Half Circle he may place the base of the cue ball anywhere on the line or within the Half Circle, and may use his hand or any part of his cue (including the tip) to position the cue ball--as long as it is judged he is not attempting to play a stroke. [PAR] Object of the Game: To score a greater number of points than opponent. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Rod Stewart divorce is finalised BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Rod Stewart divorce is finalised [PAR] Rod Stewart divorce is finalised [PAR] Rachel Hunter and Rod Stewart married in 1990 when she was 21 [PAR] Singer Rod Stewart and model Rachel Hunter have finally divorced following their separation seven years ago. [PAR] Documents from Los Angeles Superior Court show the divorce was finalised on 2 November, but disclose no details of any financial settlement. [PAR] Hunter, 37 and Stewart, 61, married in 1990 and have two children together. Stewart has seven children in total. [PAR] Stewart proposed to model Penny Lancaster, 35, last year. The pair have a one-year-old son. [PAR] Stewart's spokesman had no comment on the divorce or when the pair will wed, although Lancaster's agent Nicholas Young said last year that Stewart wanted to get married in Scotland, the birthplace of his father. [PAR] Lancaster and Stewart have been together for nearly seven years [PAR] Hunter initially filed for divorce in 2003, but dropped the proceedings. Stewart filed his own papers last year, citing irreconcilable differences. [PAR] Stewart became famous as a singer in the Faces before having a string of solo hits including Baby Jane, Do Ya Think I'm Sexy, Maggie May and Sailing. [PAR] The singer's popularity has enjoyed a revival in the US recently with the success of his Great American Songbook albums of 1930s and 1940s cover versions.[DOC] [TLE] Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Rod Stewart [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 82 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (38) | Personal Quotes (34) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Rod Stewart was born on January 10, 1945 in Highgate, London, England as Roderick David Stewart. He has been married to Penny Lancaster since June 16, 2007. They have two children. He was previously married to Rachel Hunter and Alana Stewart . [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] ( 6 April 1979 - 1984) (divorced) (2 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (2) [PAR] Fifth child of Robert and Elsie Stewart. [PAR] His brothers and sisters are Mary, Peggy, Don and Bob. [PAR] Has eight children: Sarah Thubron Streeter (born 1964) born to art student Susannah Boffey; Kimberly Stewart (born 21 August 1979) and Sean Stewart (born 1 September 1980) born to Alana Stewart (ex-wife of actor George Hamilton ; Ruby Stewart (born 17 June 1987), born to Kelly Emberg , his girlfriend at the time; Renee Stewart (born 1 June 1992), Liam McAlister Stewart (born 4 September 1994), born to ex-wife Rachel Hunter , a model, Alistair Wallace Stewart (born 27 November 2005) and Aiden Stewart (born 16 February 2011), born to wife Penny Lancaster . [PAR] Contrary to popular belief, he was never a professional soccer player with Brentford Football Club before becoming a musician, this was one of many stories invented by his publicist when Rod was starting to hit the big time. Rod was successfully sued by Brazilian singer Jorge Ben Jor who claimed the tune to Rod's \"Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?\" was too similar to his song \"Taj Mahal\". Ben won the lawsuit and asked Rod to donate all his profits from the song to UNICEF. [PAR] His daughter, Kimberly Stewart , designs shoes. [PAR] Lead singer for the 1970s rock group The Faces . [PAR] Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. [PAR] Gave his friend Elton John the nickname \"Sharon\". [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phoebe Cates Biography Phoebe Cates Biography [PAR] | Biography World | [PAR] Phoebe Cates Biography [PAR] Phoebe Cates (born July 16, 1963) is an American film actress who, by her description, has retired from acting to be a full-time mother. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Phoebe Cates is the daughter of American director Joseph Cates and his Filipina wife of Chinese and Russian descent. She is also the niece of Gilbert Cates, also a director. She is a native of New York City, where she attended the Professional Children's School. She is the goddaughter of actress Joan Crawford. [PAR] Cates's birth name was Phoebe Belle Katz. She followed in the steps of her father and uncle in changing her surname for professional reasons. [PAR] Phoebe Cates achieved icon status in the early 1980s for her role in the teen comedy Fast Times at Ridgemont High, in which she stripped off the top of her bikini in a slow-motion fantasy scene. [PAR] That same year, in the romance film Paradise, and in contrast to the coyness of Brooke Shields in the similarly themed and more popular The Blue Lagoon, Cates appeared nude, although she was said to have used a body double in some of the close-ups. In a People magazine article, Cates said she had expressed reservations about this situation to her father, who advised her to play it in whatever way she felt was artistically honest. [PAR] Phoebe Cates's later roles were more modest and largely oriented toward younger audiences, who remember her best as the female lead in the two Gremlins films. Her face made the covers of teen magazines such as Tiger Beat, 16, Teen Beat and others. [PAR] In 1989, Phoebe Cates married actor Kevin Kline, whom she had originally met while auditioning for the part that Meg Tilly ultimately won in The Big Chill. In 1991, she was slated to be in Father of the Bride, but dropped out due to pregnancy. [PAR] Kline and Phoebe Cates make their home in New York City and have two children, Owen, born in 1991 (who recently received rave reviews for his performance in The Squid and the Whale) and Greta, born in 1994. They all appeared in Cates' most recent film, The Anniversary Party (2001). The film was an ensemble comedy written and directed by Scottish actor Alan Cumming and Cates' real-life best friend of the past 25 years, Fast Times at Ridgemont High co-star Jennifer Jason Leigh, and in it Cates played, fittingly enough, a Hollywood actress who has retired from acting to be a full-time mother. [PAR] In 2005, Phoebe Cates opened her own gift store/boutique emporium called Blue Tree in New York's Madison Avenue. [PAR] Film List [PAR] Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982) [PAR] Private School (1983) [PAR] Date with an Angel (1987) [PAR] Bright Lights, Big City (1988) [PAR] Shag (1989) [PAR] I Love You to Death (1990) [PAR] Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990) [PAR] Drop Dead Fred (1991) [PAR] Bodies, Rest and Motion (1993) [PAR] Princess Caraboo (1994)[DOC] [TLE] Sex in Cinema: 1982 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic ... Sex in Cinema: 1982 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic / Sexual Films and Scenes [PAR] Movie Title/Year and Film/Scene Description [PAR] Screenshots [PAR] The Beach Girls (1982) [PAR] This silly, R-rated coming-of-age teen sex comedy by director Pat Townsend of the early 80s (with a subplot about drugs) was typical of \"drive-in\" type films. Its tagline described the setting: [PAR] Look Who Just Invaded Uncle Carl's Beach House - The Beach Girls [PAR] It exhibited numerous sexual innuendoes and slapstick as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennis / Useful Notes - TV Tropes Tennis / Useful Notes - TV Tropes [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Current ATP Players [PAR] Bob and Mike Bryan (USA) 1995-present: Twin brothers who were the No. 1 men's doubles team for practically the whole period from 2005 to early 2016, and hold virtually every record in the book for men's doubles teams. Their most notable team records are Grand Slam titles (16), tournaments won (109), most weeks at No. 1 (nearing 440), and most year-end No. 1 rankings (10). Named by ATP fans as their favorite team in each year since that award was created in 2006. They have a career Golden Slam in doubles after winning Olympic gold in London in 2012, and their win at Wimbledon in 2013 made them the first men's doubles team in the Open era to hold all four Grand Slam titles at once. Finally, they are the only men's doubles team in history to win every major title in the sport\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdall four Grand Slam events, Olympic gold, every Masters 1000 event,note There have been 10 Masters 1000 events, but only nine in any given season. The former Hamburg event moved to Shanghai in 2009; the Bryans won in Hamburg in 2007 and Shanghai in 2014. the YEC, and Davis Cup. [PAR] Marin \u010cili\u0107 (Croatia) 2005-present: Won the 2014 US Open in his first-ever Grand Slam final, taking down Federer along the way. While long a solidly competitive player, he had previously made it to the semifinals in only one Slam and the quarterfinals in three more. It remains to be seen whether his first Slam win is the start of bigger things. [PAR] Novak Djokovic (Serbia) 2003-present: Has held No. 1 for 223 weeks and won 12 Grand Slams and an Olympic bronze medal in singles. Was constantly overshadowed by Federer and Nadal early on in his career despite being World No. 3 , until he went on a spectacular 43-0 game winning streak in 2011. Is also known as \" Djoker \" for his sense of humor and impersonations of other players. In 2016, he became the first men's singles tennis player since Rod Laver in 1969 to win four consecutive Slams, also earning the career Slam in the process. [PAR] Roger Federer (Switzerland) 1998-present: Has held No. 1 for 302 weeks (longer than any other ATP player) and won an Open Era ATP record of 17 Grand Slams including a record-tying 7 Wimbledon, 5 US Open and 4 Australian Open titles (and 1 French Open, but that's not a record). Also has an Olympic gold medal in men's doubles with Stan Wawrinka (below) and a silver in singles. Is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all time. If one were to look up ATP tennis records on the Other Wiki , one would find his name on 90% .note Unless we're talking doubles records, in which case one would find the Bryans' names on about 99.9%. During his 2012 Wimbledon run he broke a record in every match he played after the second round. [PAR] Andy Murray (UK) 2005-present: Current No. 1, beginning in November 2016. Has won 3 Grand Slams. In his earlier years, he was constantly known as \"the best tennis player to never win a Grand Slam\" because he did well enough in Slams to reach four finals yet wasn't able to win any of them. He broke a 76-year national hoodoo in 2012 by becoming the first male Brit to win a major \u2014 the US Open \u2014 since Fred Perry in 1936. He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A List of Occupations - RootsWeb A List of Occupations [PAR] Search billions of records on Ancestry.com [PAR] A List of Occupations [PAR] ACATER - supplied food provisions, e.g. a ships chandler [PAR] ACCIPITRARY - falconer [PAR] ACCOUCHEUR / ACCOUCHEUS - assisted women in childbirth [PAR] ACCOUTREMENT MAKER / ACCOUTRE - supplier of military accessories [PAR] ACKERMAN / ACREMAN - ploughman, an oxherder [PAR] ACTUARY - kept public accounts of business [PAR] ADMINISTRATOR - directed the affairs of another [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT CONVEYANCER - sandwich board man [PAR] ADVOCATE DEPUTE - Scottish law officer who could act a public prosecutor [PAR] ADVOWEE - normally a nobleman, who had the right to present a clergyman to a benefice [PAR] AERONAUT - balloonist or a trapeze artist in the circus or music halls [PAR] AFFEEROR - official in the manorial courts who assessed the monetary penalty and also collected taxes and dues and were also called Assessor [PAR] AGISTER - official of the Royal Forests or in the New Forest it is the title for the one in charge of the ponies [PAR] ALABASTERER - worked with alabaster [PAR] ALCHEMIST - medieval chemist who claimed to be able to turn base metals into gold [PAR] ALDERMAN - senior councillor one position down from Mayor in the local council [PAR] ALE-CONNER / ALE FOUNDER - official who tested quality and measure of ale served in public houses [PAR] ALE DRAPER - seller of ale [PAR] ALE TASTER - tested ale and beer for quality first recored in 1377 in London. Appointed by the Manor and forerunner of the Inspector for Weights & Measures [PAR] ALE TUNNER - employed by the brewery to fill ale casks (tuns} with ale [PAR] ALEWIFE - woman who keeps an alehouse or tavern [PAR] ALL SPICE - name for a grocer [PAR] ALMANAC MAN - official appointed by the Court of Sewers who warned the inhabitants of the Trent River area of higher than normal tides [PAR] ALMONER - gave out alms or charity to the poor on behalf of the parish [PAR] ALMSMAN - received alms [PAR] ALNAGER - official who examined the quality of woolen goods and stamped them with the town seal of approval [PAR] AMANUENSIS - secretary or stenographer [PAR] AMBER & JET CUTTER - cut and polished amber for jewelry [PAR] AMBLER - officer of the Royal Stable who broke in horses [PAR] AMEN MAN - parish clerk [PAR] ANCHORESS - female hermit or religious recluse [PAR] ANCHORITE - male hermit or religious recluse [PAR] ANILEPMAN - smallholder (tenant of the manor) [PAR] ANGLE IRON SMITH - made angle iron ie. flat iron bars bent at right angles lengthways [PAR] ANKLE BEATER - young person who helped to drive the cattle to market [PAR] ANNATTO MAKER - worked in the manufacture of dyes for paint or printing [PAR] ANTIGROPELOS MAKER - made waterproof leggings [PAR] ANVIL SMITH - made anvils and hammers for blacksmiths [PAR] APIARIAN - beekeeper [PAR] APOTHECARY - prepared and sold medicines or drugs; pharmacist [PAR] APPARITOR - official who summoned witnesses in the ecclesiastical courts [PAR] APPRENTICE - was bound to a skilled worker for a specified time to learn a trade [PAR] APRONEER - term used in London for a shopkeeper [PAR] APRONMAN - mechanic [PAR] ARCHIL MAKER - made a violet dye from lichens, used in the textile industry [PAR] ARKWRIGHT - skilled craftsman who produced \"arks\" (wooden chests or coffers) [PAR] ARMIGER - squire who carried the armour of a knight [PAR] ARMOURER - made suits of armour or plates of armour for buildings or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EUROPA - The European flag EUROPA - The European flag [PAR] Europa [PAR] The European flag [PAR] The European flag symbolises both the European Union and, more broadly, the identity and unity of Europe. [PAR] It features a circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background. They stand for the ideals of unity, solidarity and harmony among the peoples of Europe. [PAR] The number of stars has nothing to do with the number of member countries, though the circle is a symbol of unity. [PAR] History of the European flag [PAR] The history of the flag goes back to 1955. The Council of Europe - which defends human rights and promotes European culture \u2013 chose the present design for its own use. In the years that followed, it encouraged the emerging European institutions to adopt the same flag. [PAR] In 1983, the European Parliament decided that the Communities\u2019 flag should be that used by the Council of Europe. In 1985, it was adopted by all EU leaders as the official emblem of the European Communities, later to become the European Union. In addition, all European institutions now have their own emblems . [PAR] Commemorative euro coin: 30 years of the EU flag [PAR] To mark the 30th anniversary of the decision by EU leaders to adopt the flag as an EU emblem, the 19 euro area countries are issuing a special commemorative coin. Following an online competition held in 2015 by the European Commission, citizens and residents of the euro area selected the design created by Georgios Stamatopoulos, an engraver at the Bank of Greece. It comprises 12 stars that morph into human figures embracing the birth of a new Europe. Take a look at the winning design. [PAR] Reproduction in 2 colours white & blue [PAR] (17 Kb)[DOC] [TLE] European Union - Flags of the World European Union [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] European Union [PAR] Members of the European Union [PAR] As of 1 July 2013, the 28 members of European Union are: [PAR] The historical evolution of membership is: [PAR] 1958: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands [PAR] 1973: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom [PAR] 1981: Greece [PAR] 2004: Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia [PAR] 2007: Bulgaria, Romania [PAR] 2013: Croatia [PAR] The European currency (euro) is used in 18 countries of the European Union forming the Eurozone: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain (since 1 January 1999); Greece (since 1 January 2001), although coins and notes were released only on 1 January 2002 for all these countries; Slovenia (since 1 January 2007); Cyprus and Malta (since 1 January 2008); Slovakia (since 1 January 2009); Estonia (since 1 January 2011); Latvia (since 1 January 2014); and Lithuania (since 1 January 2015). [PAR] In spite of not being members of European Union, Andorra , the Holy See , Monaco and San Marino have adopted the euro as their currency, following a monetary agreement with the European Union. [PAR] Kosovo and Monteneogro have also, unilateraly, adopted the euro as their currency. [PAR] Ivan Sache, 1 January 2015 [PAR] Flag of the European Union [PAR] Quoting a document once available on the website of the Council of Europe: [PAR] The debate on a flag for the Council of Europe begins in 1949 as soon as the Organisation comes into being. [PAR] Jacques-Camille Paris, the first SG, asks the Bureau of the Assembly to examine the question of a flag in September 1949, but the Bureau decides that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beers of Jamaica - Bobby Likes Beer The Beers of Jamaica - Bobby Likes Beer [PAR] The Beers of Jamaica [PAR] On Sep.25.10 , In Beer Reviews , Feature Articles , by Bobby [PAR] A beautiful sunset in Montego Bay, Jamaica [PAR] Jamaica may very well be one of the top vacation destinations in the world. Between the beautiful beaches, amazing sunsets, unparalleled local hospitality, and all-inclusive resorts, a trip to Jamaica is sure to be a great time you will remember for years to come. However, people rarely go to this beautiful island in search of beer. In fact, when people think of Jamaican and beer, normally only \u2018Red Stripe\u2019 comes to mind. The Kingston brewery has been around for almost 100 years and it\u2019s inevitable a bottle or two will cross your path. It\u2019s probably the only draft beer you will see. But, if you just begin to scratch the surface of Jamaica\u2019s locally produced lagers and ales you\u2019re sure to taste a bottle (or two) of something new and much more rewarding. [PAR] Leave it to me to find out how to turn a tropical vacation into a tasting of local and regional beers. The beautiful Iberostar Grand in Rose Hall (Montego Bay) was our destination for the week of our honeymoon, and these were all the available offerings (alongside Heineken) from the menus of their restaurants and bars. All beers were tasted at proper serving temperature out of a clean glass, and all were fresh as the resort has pretty high turnover. Here\u2019s how they stacked up: [PAR] Dragon Stout [PAR] Dragon Stout at the lobby bar [PAR] Dragon Stout is just a cool name for a beer. But can the flavor measure up to the mystique of the magical name? It looks nice enough. This beer is black with some brown, mahogany, and brilliant red highlights. The tan head is attractive and sticks around for a while. It also leaves decent lace. The aroma is a tale of two levels of scent. You have a nice roasted malt characteristic, lending impressions of chocolate and coffee. There\u2019s also a level of sweetness that comes across like sugarcane. Some caramel, molasses, and toffee are also apparent. This dragon looks cool and breathes smoke, but how is its bite? [PAR] Yell fire! The taste is wonderful for a foreign export stout, and picks up where the scents left off. A hefty dose of caramel and sugarcane is joined by roasty chocolate and coffee, with just a touch of molasses as well. It\u2019s not the most flavorful stout I\u2019ve ever had, but it does produce a nice overall impression on my palate (albeit a bit sweeter than many foreign export stouts). The cohesiveness is not even in the same camp as Guinness or the excellent American take on the style by Left Hand called \u2018Fade to Black\u2019. But for a stout that is primarily consumed on the island of Jamaica, you need to respect how clean and refreshing this is. The mouthfeel is a bit thin, but the carbonation is perfect to make the beer just a bit lively and still feel like a stout. And you\u2019ll \u2018lively up yourself\u2019 when the kick from this 7.5% ABV monster takes hold. There\u2019s a nice, sweet aftertaste with minimal hops and lingering roast. I can\u2019t wait to get back to Montego Bay again to have some Dragon. This was a fantastic beer for the beer geek on vacation, and it represents the taste of paradise for me. [PAR] Does Bobby Like Dragon Stout? [PAR] B+ [PAR] Very Good"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star of David, Jewish star, Magen David - aish.com Star of David, Jewish star, Magen David [PAR] Star of David [PAR] From the Holocaust to the Israeli flag, what is the deeper meaning of this six-pointed Jewish symbol? [PAR] by Rabbi Shraga Simmons [PAR] In modern times, the Star of David has become a premier Jewish symbol. This six-pointed star (hexagram), made of two interlocking triangles, can be found on mezuzahs, menorahs, tallis bags and kipot. Ambulances in Israel bear the sign of the \"Red Star of David,\" and the flag of Israel has a blue Star of David planted squarely in the center. [PAR] What is the origin of this six-pointed symbol? [PAR] The six points symbolize God's rule over the universe in all six directions. [PAR] Through the Jewish people's long and often difficult history, we have come to the realization that our only hope is to place our trust in God. The six points of the Star of David symbolize God's rule over the universe in all six directions: north, south, east, west, up and down. [PAR] Originally, the Hebrew name Magen David \u2015 literally \"Shield of David\" \u2015 poetically referred to God. It acknowledges that our military hero, King David, did not win by his own might, but by the support of the Almighty. This is also alluded to in the third blessing after the Haftorah reading on Shabbat: \"Blessed are you God, Shield of David.\" [PAR] Suggested Symbolism [PAR] So when did the Star of David become adopted as a Jewish symbol? It is not referred to in the Bible or the Talmud, and was apparently adopted later in Jewish history. Still by exploring some various explanations on the meaning behind the Star of David, we can appreciate deep Jewish concepts. [PAR] One idea is that a six-pointed star receives form and substance from its solid center. This inner core represents the spiritual dimension, surrounded by the six universal directions. (A similar idea applies to Shabbat \u2015 the seventh day which gives balance and perspective to the six weekdays.) [PAR] In Kabbalah, the two triangles represent the dichotomies inherent in man. [PAR] In Kabbalah, the two triangles represent the dichotomies inherent in man: good vs. evil, spiritual vs. physical, etc. The two triangles may also represent the reciprocal relationship between the Jewish people and God. The triangle pointing \"up\" symbolizes our good deeds which go up to heaven, and then activate a flow of goodness back down to the world, symbolized by the triangle pointing down. [PAR] Some note that the Star of David is a complicated interlocking figure which has not six (hexogram) but rather 12 (dodecogram) sides. One can consider it as composed of two overlapping triangles or as composed of six smaller triangles emerging from a central hexogram. Like the Jewish people, the star has 12 sides, representing the 12 tribes of Israel. [PAR] A more practical theory is that during the Bar Kochba rebellion (first century), a new technology was developed for shields using the inherent stability of the triangle. Behind the shield were two interlocking triangles, forming a hexagonal pattern of support points. (Buckminster Fuller showed how strong triangle-based designs are with his geodesics.) [PAR] One cynical suggestion is that the Star of David is an appropriate symbol for the internal strife that often afflicts Jewish nation: two triangles pointing in opposite directions! [PAR] The Star of David was also a sad symbol of the Holocaust. [PAR] The Star of David was a sad symbol of the Holocaust, when the Nazis forced Jews to wear an identifying yellow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rita Moreno - Biography - IMDb Rita Moreno - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Rita Moreno [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (26) | Personal Quotes (5) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 2\u00bd\" (1.59 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Rita Moreno has had a thriving acting career for the better part of six decades. One of the very few (and very first) performers to win an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony and a Grammy, she was born Rosita Dolores Alver\u00edo in Humacao, Puerto Rico, on December 11, 1931, to seamstress Rosa Mar\u00eda (Marcano) and farmer Francisco Jos\u00e9 \"Paco\" Alver\u00edo. She and her mother moved to New York City in 1937, where she began a professional career before reaching adolescence. The 11-year-old Rosita got her first movie experience dubbing Spanish-language versions of US films. Less than a month before her 14th birthday on November 22, 1945, she made her Broadway debut in the play \"Skydrift\" at the Belasco Theatre, costarring with Arthur Keegan and s young Eli Wallach . Although she would not appear again on Broadway for almost two decades, Rita Moreno, as she was billed in the play, had arrived professionally. [PAR] The cover of the March 1, 1954, edition of \"Life Magazine\" featured a three-quarters, over-the-left-shoulder profile of the young Puerto Rican actress/entertainer with the provocative title \"Rita Moreno: An Actresses' Catalog of Sex and Innocence\". It was sexpot time, a stereotype that would plague her throughout the decade. If not cast as a Hispanic pepper pot, she could rely on being cast as another \"exotic\", such as her appearance on Father Knows Best (1954) as an exchange student from India. Because of a dearth of decent material, Moreno had to play roles in movies that she considered degrading. Among the better pictures she appeared in were the classic Singin' in the Rain (1952) and The King and I (1956). [PAR] Director Robert Wise , who was chosen to co-direct West Side Story (1961) (the film version of the smash Broadway musical, a retelling of William Shakespeare 's \"Romeo & Juliet\" with the warring Venetian clans the Montagues and Capulets re-envisioned as Irish/Polish and Puerto Rican adolescent street gangs, the Jets and the Sharks), cast Moreno as \"Anita\", the Puerto Rican girlfriend of Sharks' leader Bernardo, whose sister Maria is the piece's Juliet. [PAR] However, despite her talent, roles commensurate with that talent were not forthcoming in the 1960s. The following decade would prove kinder, possibly because the beautiful Moreno had aged gracefully and could now be seen by filmmakers, TV producers and casting directors as something other than the spitfire/sexpot that Hispanic women were supposed to conform to. Ironically, it was in two vastly diverging roles--that of a $100 hooker in director Mike Nichols ' brilliant realization of Jules Feiffer 's acerbic look at male sexuality, Carnal Knowledge (1971) (1971), and Milly the Helper in the children's TV show The Electric Company (1971) (1971)--that signaled a career renaissance. [PAR] Moreno won a 1972 Grammy Award for her contribution to \"The Electric Company\"'s soundtrack album, following it up three years later with a Tony Award as Best Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Ritz\" (a role she would reprise in the film version, The Ritz (1976)). She then won Emmy Awards for The Muppet Show (1976) and The Rockford Files (1974). [PAR] She has continued to work steadily on screen (both large and small) and on stage, solidifying her reputation as a national treasure, a status that was officially ratified with the award of the Presidential Medal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stars and Stripes - Flag of the USA - Englisch-hilfen.de Stars and Stripes - Flag of the USA [PAR] Englisch-hilfen.de/ [PAR] Stars and Stripes \u2013 Flag of the USA [PAR] There are 13 red and white stripes in the flag of the USA. These 13 stripes (seven red and six white ones) represent the former Thirteen Colonies . On 4 July 1776 these colonies became independent of Great Britain ( Declaration of Independence ). [PAR] There are 50 stars in the blue rectangle on top left of the flag. These stars represent the 50 federal states . This has been the official flag since Hawaii became a member of the union on 21 August 1959. [PAR] Older flags contain less stars depending on how many states belonged to the Union. (see States by Entry into the Union ) [PAR] The flag of the United States of America is often called \u203aStars and Stripes\u2039."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 50 best covers - The Telegraph The 50 best covers [PAR] The 50 best covers [PAR] Chosen by Bernadette McNulty, Neil McCormick, Helen Brown and Thomas H Green [PAR] Don't Leave Me This Way - The Communards, 1986 [PAR] orig. Harold Melvin & The Blue Notes, 1975 [PAR] It was camp enough to begin with, but Jimi Somerville and Sarah Jane Morris's triumphant falsetto-basso profundo duet on this cover of the 1975 disco classic takes the phrase \"row of tents\" and flings it in the air like a glittery handbag on an underlit dancefloor. One suspects that the singers swapped voices for a laugh. [PAR] Key moment: The final, monumental \"Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah BABY!\" just before the last chorus. [PAR] Going Back to My Roots - Richie Havens, 1980 [PAR] orig. Lamont Dozier, 1977 [PAR] Woodstock star Havens caused barely a ripple in 1980 with his impassioned rendition of a song first recorded by Lamont Dozier. But eight years on, it was rediscovered, becoming an arms-in-the air anthem to a million British ravers. As the battered Havens larynx pours out Dozier's vision of the things that really count in life, the goosebumps take over. [PAR] Key moment: a truly storming piano intro. [PAR] Step On - Happy Mondays, 1991 [PAR] orig. John Kongos, 1971 [PAR] The Manchester baggy anthem, driven by a trademark acid house piano riff, is a hugely inventive remake of He's Gonna Step on You Again by long-forgotten South African singer-songwriter Kongos. Shaun Ryder added his own inimitable lyrical touch, contributing a new saying to the British pop lexicon with his opening declaration: \"You're twisting my melons, man!\" [PAR] Key Moment: When it all breaks down to reverb-drenched female backing vocals singing the spookily threatening chorus line. [PAR] Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me) - The Wedding Present, 1990 [PAR] orig. Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel, 1975 [PAR] John Peel indie favourites the Weddoes gave Harley's classic the angry makeover its sardonic lyric was crying out for. Gone were the acoustic thrummings and sunny Ooooh-la-la-la backing vocals, replaced by thrashing electric guitars over blistering drums, seemingly at twice the original's speed. [PAR] Key moment: The 15-second mid-song pause, silent except for a wavering note of guitar feedback. Then Dave Gedge's Yorkshire growl returns: \"There ain't no more, you've taken everything.\" [PAR] The Robots - Se\u00f1or Coconut & His Orchestra, 2000 [PAR] Orig. Kraftwerk, 1978 [PAR] German musician Uwe Schmidt found a little cha-cha-cha in his waters when he moved to Chile, and felt moved to recreate the clinical oeuvre of Kraftwerk with the magical addition of Latin swing. This is the highlight of his wonderful experiment, a sashaying, hip-clicking antidote to the D\u00fcsseldorf automatons' metronomic precision. [PAR] Key Moment: The horn flourish and celebratory \"Ol\u00e9!\" before the vocals kick in. [PAR] Rock el Casbah - Rachid Taha, 2004 [PAR] orig. The Clash, 1982 [PAR] Franco-Algerian bad boy Taha idolises Joe Strummer, but sensing something patronising in the original, he recorded this storming Arabic version of the Clash warhorse. Lutes and strings twang and swoop against a thundering rhythm track and exultant chorus. But it's the guttural attack of Taha's vocal that makes your hair prickle \u2013 a technique he learnt from records of old and obscure Algerian singers. [PAR] Key Moment: The plaintive desert flute that kicks it all off. [PAR] Oops I Did it Again - Richard Thompson, 2003 [PAR] orig. Britney Spears, 2000 [PAR] The sparky old folk-rocker toured with a self-explanatory show (and recorded a live album) called 1,000 Years of Popular Music. This was one of his examples of 20th-century"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Burj Al Arab Jumeirah - Stay at The Most Luxurious Hotel ... Total daily rate excluding taxes & fees AED 0.00 Book rooms [PAR] Hotel facilities available to all our guests [PAR] From the big picture down to the fine details, a true luxury hotel intuitively knows how to provide for its guests. At Burj Al Arab Jumeirah we've taken the time to anticipate your every need, putting an incredible array of luxury facilities and services at your fingertips. [PAR] To view all of our Facilities & Services at Burj Al Arab, click here. [PAR] restaurants & bars [PAR] In our nine signature restaurants, dining is about far more than food. We specialise in bringing together every element to ensure your experience is exceptional. Soak up the vibrant atmosphere in our elegant spaces, dotted through Burj Al Arab Jumeirah from the atrium all the way to the skyline. While each restaurant is unique, each shares the ability to create flavour combinations that linger in your mind long after the meal is over. [PAR] [PAR] To view our restaurants and bars at Burj Al Arab Jumeirah, click here. [PAR] Hotel policies & general Information [PAR] As a guest at Burj Al Arab Jumeirah, our policies are designed to enhance your stay and ensure maximum comfort and convenience throughout. [PAR] ID Policy upon check-in [PAR] Please be advised that all guests including children staying at Burj Al Arab Jumeirah are required to present valid identification upon check-in which may be either a passport or National ID. UAE Nationals can check-in with either a passport, National ID or a valid UAE driving license. [PAR] Drones [PAR] Kindly note that Burj Al Arab Jumeirah has been identified as a no fly zone by Dubai Civil Aviation. Therefore, drones are prohibited by law around the premises and may be confiscated by authorities if seen in use, unless the required Dubai Civil Aviation permits are obtained."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brief History of Football Kit Design - Historical Football ... Brief History of Football Kit Design - Historical Football Kits [PAR] Historical Football Kits [PAR] A Brief History of Football Kit Design in England and Scotland [PAR] \u00a9 Dave Moor (May 2009) [PAR] The Victorian Period (1857-1899) [PAR] The game of football is generally considered to date back to the mob football games played in the Middle Ages between rival villages without rules and with unlimited players on each side. The Royal Shrovetide football match is a supposed survival of this early form of the game. Modern scholarship has, however, revealed that small-side games, played by young men according to locally agreed rules, were commonplace and as such, went largely unrecorded. [PAR] The first recognised rules of football were laid down by English public schools to govern inter-house competition and fell broadly into two groups; the handling game developed at Rugby School and the dribbling game that emerged from Eton, although other schools such as Harrow, Winchester, Uppingham, Shrewsbury, Marlborough and Charterhouse all had their own versions. In keeping with the philosophies of the public schools of the time, these games were extraordinarily violent. [PAR] When the young men from these schools went up to university they formed football clubs but games descended into chaos as there was no consensus on the rules. The first attempt to draw up a uniform set of rules took place at Cambridge University in 1848. Although the originals are lost, a set of Cambridge Rules from 1856 survives in the library of Shrewsbury School. [PAR] The first football clubs also emerged around this time, most notably Sheffield FC (1857 - the world's oldest club), Hallam (1860) and Notts County (1862). This led to the development of local rules (specifically \"Sheffield Rules\" and \"Nottingham Rules\"), which were widely adopted by the newly emerging clubs in the north and midlands. Scotland's oldest club, Queen's Park also developed their own unique code. The majority of games took place within a club, school or university and it took some time for the notion of inter-club matches to catch on. When they did teams might consist of 9 to 18 players and it was common for different codes to be used in the first and second halves. [PAR] There were no uniform kits: players would turn out in whatever they had to hand and teams would be distinguished by wearing distinctively coloured caps, scarves or sashes over cricket whites (many clubs were formed by cricketers seeking a team game for the winter) or whatever else players had to hand. The first reference to \"colours\" comes from the rules of Sheffield FC in 1857, which stated: [PAR] \"Each player must provide himself with a red and dark blue flannel cap, one colour to be worn by each side.\" [PAR] In 1863 leading players formed the Football Association and drew up the first set of national laws of the game, drawing upon the Cambridge Rules and those of the Sheffield Club . Spectators were generally regarded as a nuisance and the game was a robust pursuit for gentlemen from public schools. The leading clubs of the day were formed by old boys of the major public schools ( Old Etonians, Old Carthusians etc), by officers serving in the Army ( Royal Engineers ) and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities . [PAR] The introduction of the English FA Cup in 1871-72 marked a turning point as it required all participating teams to play by the FA Rules. Furthermore, the difficulty of telling two teams apart prompted one newspaper correspondent reporting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flag Timeline (Independence Hall Association) - US History Flag timeline [PAR] Flag Timeline [PAR] More flag resources [PAR] Flag Timeline [PAR] States and their dates of admission are shown in bold red. Starting in 1819, the updated flag becomes legal on the Fourth of July following the date of admission. [PAR] 1775 [PAR] American ships in New England waters flew a \"Liberty Tree\" flag in 1775. It shows a green pine tree on a white background, with the words, \"An Appeal to Heaven.\" [PAR] 1775 [PAR] The Continental Navy used this flag, with the warning, \"Don't Tread on Me,\" upon its inception. [PAR] 1775 [PAR] Forster flag. [PAR] 1776 [PAR] January 1 \u2014 The Grand Union flag (Continental Colors) is displayed on Prospect Hill. It has 13 alternate red and white stripes and the British Union Jack in the upper left-hand corner (the canton). [PAR] 1776 [PAR] May \u2014 Betsy Ross reports that she sewed the first American flag [PAR] 1777 [PAR] Another 13-star flag, in the 3-2-3-2-3 pattern. [PAR] 1777? [PAR] Cowpens Flag. According to some sources, this flag was first used in 1777. It was used by the Third Maryland Regiment. There was no official pattern for how the stars were to be arranged. The flag was carried at the Battle of Cowpens, which took place on January 17, 1781, in South Carolina. The actual flag from that battle hangs in the Maryland State House. [PAR] 1777 [PAR] Brandywine Flag. [PAR] 1777 [PAR] June 14 \u2014 Continental Congress adopts the following: Resolved: that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation. Stars represent Delaware (December 7, 1787), Pennsylvania (December 12, 1787), New Jersey (December 18, 1787), Georgia (January 2, 1788), Connecticut (January 9, 1788), Massachusetts (February 6, 1788), Maryland (April 28, 1788), South Carolina (May 23, 1788), New Hampshire (June 21, 1788), Virginia (June 25, 1788), New York (July 26, 1788), North Carolina (November 21, 1789), and Rhode Island (May 29, 1790) [PAR] 1779 [PAR] John Paul Jones Flag, also called the Serapis Flag. [PAR] 1781? [PAR] The Guilford Flag. [PAR] 1787 [PAR] Captain Robert Gray carries the flag around the world on his sailing vessel (around the tip of South America, to China, and beyond). He discovered a great river and named it after his boat The Columbia. His discovery was the basis of America's claim to the Oregon Territory. [PAR] 1795 [PAR] Flag with 15 stars and 15 stripes Vermont (March 4, 1791), Kentucky (June 1, 1792) [PAR] 1803 [PAR] Indian Peace Flag. [PAR] 1814 [PAR] September 14 \u2014 Francis Scott Key writes \"The Star-Spangled Banner.\" It officially becomes the national anthem in 1931. [PAR] 1814 [PAR] Easton Flag. [PAR] 1818 [PAR] Flag with 20 stars and 13 stripes (it remains at 13 hereafter) Tennessee (June 1, 1796), Ohio (March 1, 1803), Louisiana (April 30, 1812), Indiana (December 11, 1816), Mississippi (December 10, 1817) [PAR] 1819 [PAR] Flag with 21 stars Illinois (December 3, 1818) [PAR] 1820 [PAR] Flag with 23 stars Alabama (December 14, 1819), Maine (March 15, 1820) [PAR] first flag on Pikes Peak [PAR] c. 1820-30 [PAR] Bennington Flag. According to some accounts, this flag was flown at the Battle of Bennington. It is sometimes called the Fillmore Flag. The story goes that Nathaniel Fillmore took this flag home from the battlefield, and the flag was passed down through generations of Fillmores, including Millard, and today it can be seen at Vermont's Bennington Museum. Most experts doubt this story and date"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ian Fleming (Author of Casino Royale) Ian Fleming (Author of Casino Royale) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Librarian Note: There is more than one author in the Goodreads database with this name. [PAR] Ian Lancaster Fleming was a British author, journalist and Second World War Navy Commander. Fleming is best remembered for creating the character of James Bond and chronicling his adventures in twelve novels and nine short stories. Additionally, Fleming wrote the children's story Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and two non-fiction books.[DOC] [TLE] Ian Fleming (1908 - 1964) on Pinterest | James Bond ... 1000+ images about Ian Fleming (1908 - 1964) on Pinterest | James bond, Running movies and Cgi [PAR] Forward [PAR] IAN FLEMING, Author, Journalist, Spy ~ James Bond began as a series of spy novels, written by Ian Fleming (pictured above) and launched the longest running movie franchise in Hollywood. Six actors have played James Bond in the film series. In addition, two actor have portrayed James Bond in a television episode and a comedy spoof, based on Ian Fleming\u2019s first novel Casino Royale. The novel was initially rejected by publishers, but once it was published, it became an immediate sensation. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Best Capital Cities - TheTopTens\u00ae Top Ten Best Capital Cities - TheTopTens\u00ae [PAR] Top Ten Best Capital Cities [PAR] MatrixGuy [PAR] The Top Ten [PAR] 1 Islamabad [PAR] It is an amazing;highly developed and absolutely safe capital city, but also regarded as one of the best capitals in Asia and can be competed with any glorious capital city in the world - even from a highly developed country. There is no doubt that international developments are rapidly appearing in nearly every corner of the city. Its unique and awe-inspiring surrounding makes it more than a capital! If compared with Delhi (capital of India) it will surely win. Each and every Pakistani should pleased with such a world-class capital, despite the financial crisis political and religious conflicts, vulnerability to terrorism across the country and several other issues. Thus making a Pakistani proud for what he/she has [PAR] I love this city I search in Internet for this city is so beautiful I have never been there always wanna be there but I live in London it is in Pakistan I have heard that Pakistan is so beautiful place to visit I love this country always wanna be there I love there national anthem as well I can't understand in there language but the translation is so beautiful [PAR] Clean and green, peaceful and quiet with all sorts of places to go to and all sorts of activities to do. [PAR] I Love Pakistan and Islamabad. It promotes the country well and surely makes many Pakistani's proud of their capital. [PAR] V 360 Comments [PAR] 2 London [PAR] London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. [PAR] London has more history and it's landmarks are recognised throughout the world. It's one of the world's top financial cities and at the height of the British Empire it was the most powerful city in the world. [PAR] London is the natural and totally apt international cosmopolitan capital of the cultural world. No other city can come close to the historical, cultural diversity, architectural, commercial, financial and internationally connected hub that London is. It spans the globe and belongs to everyone on the planet! [PAR] 'When a man is tired of London! He is tired of life' - You can find almost anything and anyone (one of the most multi-cultural cities in the world, anyone from any country will surely find a restaurant or shop or community centre belonging to theirs), there's constantly new things opening here and new areas to explore (I. E dalston and Stratford being redeveloped), there's something for everyone and it's so easy to get around with the underground transport, this is also where much of the world has been ruled and developed from historically and where so much has and will happen [PAR] Lovely people, Natural beauty, Great country to visit [PAR] V 10 Comments [PAR] 4 Paris [PAR] Paris is for sure the most beautiful city in the world, and has so much landmarks! If I were a country, it would be the 11th economy in the world! Paris is strong on all fronts and is therefor the world's best capital city [PAR] Beatiful architecture, few eyesores, great atmosphere [PAR] Splendid city, architectures from ages to modern building, among the most numerous cathedrals and Churches, abundance of all kinds of restaurants offering top international cuisine and of course French one. [PAR] So many theaters,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nana - Disney Wiki - Wikia Nana | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] v - e - d [PAR] Media [PAR] Jake and the Never Land Pirates ( Episode List ) | Playing with Skully | Peter Pan Returns | Jake Saves Bucky | Never Land Rescue | Battle for the Book | Disney Junior Storybook Collection | Disney Junior Little Golden Book Library | Disney Junior DJ Shuffle | Disney Junior DJ Shuffle 2 [PAR] Characters [PAR] Jake | Izzy | Cubby | Skully | Marina | Captain Hook | Mr. Smee | Sharky and Bones | Tick-Tock the Crocodile | Pirate Princess | Bucky | Winger | Wise Old Parrot | Mama Hook | Captain Flynn | Peter Pan | Never Bird | Octopus | Lucille the Seal | Red Jessica | Sandy | Monkey | Patch the Pirate Pup | Peter's Shadow | Stormy | The Sea Witch\u200e\u200e | Percy the Penguin | Misty the Wonderful Witch | Blinky | Brightly the Firefly | Cecilia | Purple Octopus | Snappy the Hermit Crab | The Seahorses | Camille | Gilly the Goldfish | Dragon | Sasha | Rosie | Ice Ogre | Slippery Serpent | Slink | Slink's Mother | Beatrice Le Beak | Fast Claw | Pip the Pirate Genie | The Sing-Songbird | Mermaids | Cornica | Flow the Dolphin | Golden Crocodile | Golden Squid | Harry | Tinker Bell | Queen Coralie | Bouncing Bumble Queen | Pirate Mummy | Captain Gizmo | King Crab | First-Mate Mollie | Brewster the Beast Trapper | The Singing Stones | Nanny Nell | Sand Serpent | Ogre Princess | Captain Treasure Tooth | Peg-Leg Peg | Wendy Darling | John Darling | Michael Darling | Nana | Finn the Mer-Boy | Electric Storm Eel | ShiverJack | Captain Buzzard Bones | Zongo the Pirate Monkey King | Lord Fathom | Strake | Top Bird | Swifty | Eagle-Eye | Talon | Grim Buccaneer | The Groogar [PAR] Locations [PAR] Pirate Island | Crocodile Creek | Neverland | The Jolly Roger | Mermaid Lagoon | Skull Rock | Tiki Forest | Crimson Isle | Island of Bell | Seahorse Shallows | Doubloon Lagoon | Pirate Princess Island | Chi-Chi-Chilly Canyon | Sailor's Swamp | Stink Pot Swamp | Skybird Island | Ha-Ha Hedges | Cattail Chasm | Pirate Putt-Putt Course | Batwing Bog | Windy Cove | Have a Banana Grove | Cranberry Bog | Butterfly Bluff | Coral Cove | Pirate's Plunge | Skull and Bones Rock | Sandbar Straits | The Pirate Pumpkin Patch | Blue Whale Way | Big Tree Forest | City of Gold | Never Land Desert | Fountain of Forever | Buccaneer's Bluff | Birdbath Bluff | Shipwreck Rock | Pirate Rock | Hidden Cove | Basketball court | Crystal Tunnel | Shipwreck Beach | Never Land Jungle | Never Peak | Belch Mountain | Valley of Shadows | Pirate Pyramid | Never Sea Twin Tunnel | Never Falls | Big Bug Valley | Rainbow Falls | Forever Tree | Buccaneer Bird Bluff | King Crab Island | Neptune City | Fa-La-La Falls | Pegleg Pond | Tiptoe Pass | London, England | Bloomsbury, England, UK | Big Ben | Nursery | Hangman's Tree | The Second Star to the Right [PAR] Songs [PAR] Yo Ho, Let's Go! | Yo Ho Mateys, Away | Well Done Crew | Aw Coconuts | Never Land Pirate Band | Captain Hook is a Cranky Crook | Castaway On Pirate Island | Hot Lava | Pirate Password | Bucky's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brad Anderson, creator of 'Marmaduke' comic strip, dies at ... Brad Anderson, creator of 'Marmaduke' comic strip, dies at 91 - LA Times [PAR] Brad Anderson, creator of 'Marmaduke' comic strip, dies at 91 [PAR] Brad Anderson [PAR] Brad Anderson in his studio with his own dog. [PAR] Brad Anderson in his studio with his own dog. [PAR] (UFS) [PAR] Steve Marble [PAR] Brad Anderson, creator of the \"Marmaduke\" cartoon strip that for more than 60 years featured the antics of a lovable great Dane and inspired a 2010 movie, has died. He was 91. [PAR] Anderson died Aug. 30 at a hospital in The Woodlands, Texas, according to a statement from Universal Uclick, which syndicated the long-running comic strip. A cause of death was not available. [PAR] At its height, the comic strip was carried by more than 600 newspapers. The Times was one of the first newspapers to pick up the strip. [PAR] While the cartoon was published by newspapers across Europe and Scandinavia, only in Germany \u2013 where Marmaduke was suddenly transformed into Archibald -- was the dog\u2019s name altered. [PAR] \u201cDon\u2019t ask me why because I don\u2019t know. I guess the Germans want a German name for my dog,\u201d Anderson said in a 1991 interview with The Times. [PAR] Anderson was born in Jamestown, N.Y., on May 14, 1924, and as a boy expressed an affinity for drawing. [PAR] Marmaduke"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Turner Prize\u2019s most controversial moments - Telegraph The Turner Prize\u2019s most controversial moments - Telegraph [PAR] Turner Prize [PAR] The Turner Prize\u2019s most controversial moments [PAR] We take a look at the winners, nominees and events that have made the Turner Prize so notorious. [PAR] Martin Creed and his Turner Prize winning exhibition 2001 [PAR] By Marie-Claire Chappet [PAR] 5:37PM BST 20 Oct 2011 [PAR] 1986: Gilbert and George [PAR] Though the Turner Prize has now become almost synonymous with innovative media, Gilbert and George were the first artists to win with pieces that were not paintings. The artistic pair refers to all their works, regardless of media, as sculptures. They even refer to themselves as 'living sculptures.' [PAR] 1992: Damien Hirst's The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living [PAR] Hirst's now infamous Tiger shark encased in formaldehyde was not actually the 1992 winner, but remains that year's standout nominee. It has since become one of the 1990's most iconic, if controversial, artworks and was just the beginning of Hirst's work with the medium. His Mother and Child Divided displayed sections of a cow and calf in formaldehyde and won him the 1995 Turner Prize. A later piece, Two Fucking and Two Watching, featuring a rotting cow and bull, was banned by New York Health officials because of fears of \"vomiting among the visitors\". [PAR] 1993: The 'Anti Turner Prize' [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Graphic: How to win the Turner Prize [PAR] 05 Dec 2011 [PAR] The K Foundation established the 'Anti Turner Prize.' With \u00a340,000 prize money, the award was to be given to the 'worst artist in Britain', voted from the actual Turner Prize's shortlist. Rachel Whiteread was the winner of both the Turner and Anti Turner Prizes. She begrudgingly accepted the latter award but donated the money to charity. [PAR] 1997: Gillian Wearing's 60 minutes of Silence and Tracey Emin's drunken outbursts. [PAR] Winner Wearing showed a video of actors dressed in police uniforms, standing still for an hour. During a live Channel 4 discussion programme on the prize, a drunken Tracey Emin stormed out. She later recalls having no memory of the event; only discovering her own actions whilst reading the next morning's papers. [PAR] 1998: Chris Ofili's elephant dung [PAR] Whilst Ofili was the first painter to win in twelve years (the prize has famously championed innovative methods and conceptual art) his work still attracted media hype due to his use of resin covered elephant dung. An illustrator protested against his work by depositing dung on the steps of the Tate. [PAR] 1999: Tracey Emin's My Bed [PAR] Perhaps one of the most famous pieces in the history of the Turner Prize, Emin's installation of her stained bed and detritus such as soiled underwear and condoms, was not actually the winner though it is commonly thought to be. Her piece caused a media storm and saw attendance rise to a record 140,000, with an average of 2,000 visitors a day. It caused such controversy that culture secretary Chris Smith criticised the jury for deliberately selecting \u2018shock\u2019 installations that gave the country a bad name abroad. Others felt that Emin had not gone far enough. Artists Yuan Chai and Jian Jun Xi decided to strip to their underwear, jump on to the bed and commence a pillow fight. They claimed they were 'improving' the work. Pillow fights do tend to do that... [PAR] 2000: The first Stuckist demonstration [PAR] Since 2000, the Stuckist art group have made (almost) annual demonstrations against the Turner Prize. This initial protest saw members"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Marple - Characters - Agatha Christie Miss Marple - Characters - Agatha Christie [PAR] Miss Marple is a white-haired old lady with a gentle, appealing manner \u2014 Miss Weatherby is a mixture of vinegar and gush. Of the two Miss Marple is much more dangerous. [PAR] The Murder at the Vicarage [PAR] About Miss Marple [PAR] A Surprising Detective [PAR] For a woman who has spent her life in the small village of St Mary Mead, Miss Marple is surprisingly worldly. She has every opportunity to observe human nature \u2013 as she often points out, \u201cThere is a great deal of wickedness in village life.\u201d [PAR] What makes Miss Marple so effective as a detective is her ability to blend into the background, and for her shrewd intelligence to be hidden behind her love of knitting, gardening and gossip; unassuming and often overlooked, she has the freedom to pursue the truth . Criminals and murderers fail to realise that with every stitch she is not only making a cardigan, but solving a crime. \u201cThe finest detective God ever made. Natural genius cultivated in suitable soil.\" (Sir Henry Clithering, The Body in the Library ) [PAR] The Creation [PAR] Miss Marple first came into being in 1927 in The Tuesday Night Club, a short story pulled together into the collection The Thirteen Problems. It was first published in the December 1927 issue of Royal Magazine. Christie never expected Miss Marple to rival Poirot in the public\u2019s affections but since the publication of The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930, Marple's first full length novel, readers were hooked. [PAR] While Agatha Christie acknowledged that her grandmother had been a huge influence on the character, she writes that Miss Marple was \"far more fussy and spinsterish than my grandmother ever was. But one thing she did have in common with her \u2013 though a cheerful person, she always expected the worst of everyone and everything, and was, with almost frightening accuracy, usually proved right.\" Mellowing with appearances (if not with age) Miss Marple graced twelve novels and twenty short stories during her career as an amateur detective, never paid and not always thanked. The Miss Marple of The Thirteen Problems is decidedly more shrewish and Victorian than the later character, who is often more forgiving. She certainly changes with the times, even down to wearing plimsolls in 1964\u2019s A Caribbean Mystery . [PAR] Miss Marple never married and her closest living relatives are her nephews and nieces. Her nephew, the well-known author Raymond West and his wife Joan (initially Joyce) crop up most commonly in her stories. Marple also employs a selection of maids, all young women from the nearby orphanage, training them in her Victorian way. [PAR] Playing Marple [PAR] Many great actors have taken on the role of Marple, the first being Gracie Fields in a (now lost) US TV adaptation of A Murder is Announced in 1956. The 1960s saw four MGM film adaptations starring friend of the family Margaret Rutherford, although many of these were only loosely based on Agatha Christie\u2019s novels (and two originally involved Poirot). Christie wasn\u2019t too keen on Rutherford's comic version of Marple, who even had a cameo in the 1965 Poirot spoof The Alphabet Murders. The more austere representation of Marple by Angela Lansbury in the 1980 adaptation, The Mirror Crack\u2019d , might have been more to Christie\u2019s tastes. The 1980s also saw Helen Hayes in three Miss Marple TV films, as a sprightlier sleuth. [PAR] Joan Hickson\u2019s portrayal in the BBC series from 1984 to 1992 is often considered most"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lauder Pays $135 Million, a Record, for a Klimt Portrait ... Lauder Pays $135 Million, a Record, for a Klimt Portrait - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Art & Design |Lauder Pays $135 Million, a Record, for a Klimt Portrait [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] A dazzling gold-flecked 1907 portrait by Gustav Klimt has been purchased for the Neue Galerie in Manhattan by the cosmetics magnate Ronald S. Lauder for $135 million, the highest sum ever paid for a painting. [PAR] The portrait, of Adele Bloch-Bauer, the wife of a Jewish sugar industrialist and the hostess of a prominent Vienna salon, is considered one of the artist's masterpieces. For years, it was the focus of a restitution battle between the Austrian government and a niece of Mrs. Bloch-Bauer who argued that it was seized along with four other Klimt paintings by the Nazis during World War II. In January all five paintings were awarded to the niece, Maria Altmann, now 90, who lives in Los Angeles, and other family members. [PAR] Although confidentiality agreements surrounding the sale forbid Mr. Lauder to disclose the price, experts familiar with the negotiations, speaking on condition of anonymity, said he paid $135 million for the work. In a telephone interview Mr. Lauder did not deny that he had paid a record amount for the painting, eclipsing the $104.1 million paid for Picasso's 1905 \"Boy With a Pipe (The Young Apprentice)\" in an auction at Sotheby's in 2004. [PAR] \"This is our Mona Lisa,\" said Mr. Lauder, a founder of the five-year-old Neue Galerie, a tiny museum at Fifth Avenue and 86th Street devoted entirely to German and Austrian fine and decorative arts. \"It is a once-in-a-lifetime acquisition.\" He said Christie's had helped him negotiate the purchase. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] For most of the last 60 years the portrait has hung in the Austrian Gallery in the Belvedere Palace in Vienna near \"The Kiss,\" another gold-flecked Klimt masterpiece of the Art Nouveau era. With its sinuous lines and intricate details, the painting, \"Adele Bloch-Bauer I,\" was commissioned by the subject's husband, Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer. Mrs. Bloch-Bauer died of meningitis in 1925 at 43. In her will she requested that the painting and four others by Klimt that the couple owned be left to Austria upon her husband's death. But when Germany annexed Austria in March 1938, Mr. Bloch-Bauer fled, leaving all of his possessions behind. The Nazi government confiscated his property, placed three of the paintings in the Austrian Gallery and sold the rest. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Before Mr. Bloch-Bauer died, in November 1945, having spent the war years in Switzerland, he revoked all previous wills and drafted a new one. Since he and Adele had no children, he left his entire estate to three children of his brother Gustav: Robert, Luise and Maria. [PAR] Of the three, only Maria Altmann is still living: she and her husband, Fritz, fled Austria during the war and settled in Los Angeles in 1942. She has a niece and two nephews; a cousin of her brother's second wife also survives. [PAR] In a telephone interview on Friday Mrs. Altmann said she had met Mr. Lauder, a former American ambassador to Austria, some years ago and that she had visited the Neue Galerie when it first opened in November 2001. [PAR] \"Mr. Lauder has a great understanding of Austria and a great love for Klimt,\" she said, adding that neither she nor her relatives felt it was practical for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Internet Anagram Server : Anagrams by Pinchas Aronas Internet Anagram Server : Anagrams by Pinchas Aronas [PAR] The cougar = or Huge cat [PAR] Alibi = I bail [PAR] Oscar statue = To ace US star [PAR] Spermicide = I crimp seed [PAR] The Titanic disaster = Death, it starts in ice [PAR] Egalitarian = Anti-regalia [PAR] Singer Maria Callas = All screaming arias [PAR] The Cuban cigars = Thus, a big cancer [PAR] Claustrophobia = Car, ship, loo - tabu [PAR] Painter Fernand Leger = Prefer 'Engine Land' art [PAR] Sir Stanley Matthews = Means star with style [PAR] Crime novelist = Trims violence [PAR] Diego Maradona = An arm? Good idea! [PAR] The pornographic websites = It's her boring peep show act [PAR] Last wish = This's law = With lass [PAR] Fashion designer = Fine rig and shoes = Oh, gain fine dress! [PAR] The astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus = Space motion: our Earth circles Sun, no? = Space's our home. I learn construction. [PAR] The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot = New chemists often active out there, in Zion = A home of true Zetetics & new inventions itch [PAR] [Zetetic - a seeker] [PAR] The famous American actor Charlie Chaplin = On air, the small chap of true archaic cinema [PAR] Olympiad = I do my lap [PAR] Actor Sylvester Stallone = Very cool talentless star [PAR] God is everywhere = WORD giver, he eyes! [PAR] Great city of London = Root city of England = No clarity, fog noted [PAR] 'Aerosmith' = More A hits [PAR] Certainly not = Can't rely on it [PAR] Chairman Gates = A magnate's rich [PAR] Charles Darwin's theory of evolution = Soul of vital, narrow, chosen heredity [PAR] Miss Serena Williams = Win slam, smile arises [PAR] The video camera = A home art device [PAR] Actor Sidney Poitier = One Oscar. 'Pity, I tried!' [PAR] The Costa Brava region of Spain = Anchoring of private sea-boats [PAR] Generalissimo = Legions, armies [PAR] Bermuda triangle = Mirage & brutal end [PAR] Parodist = I do parts [PAR] Sir Lancelot and Guinevere = Intrigues can end real love [PAR] Spanish senorita = She's not Parisian [PAR] The group 'Guns'n'Roses' = Ogre runs up the songs [PAR] Hebrew University of Jerusalem = Sure, our very able Jewish men fit [PAR] Great Leonardo da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa' = or Versed Italian man's 'La Gioconda' = 'La Gioconda'. As normal, rates -DIVINE = One arrant diva's smile - 'La Gioconda' [PAR] William Westmoreland = Well, solid wartime man = I will lead war moments [PAR] To cast pearls before swine = Can refer to possible waste [PAR] Singer Billy Ocean = Really sonic being [PAR] Painter Michelangelo Buonarroti = Heart into marble or upon a ceiling [PAR] Carte blanche = Cancel the bar [PAR] The aftermath of Katrina = Take that hat off, mariner [PAR] The Gambino family = Might be Mafia only [PAR] ...and they lived happily ever after = Delivered that very happy finale [PAR] Arctic expedition = An exotic iced trip [PAR] Michel Salgado = He'd claim goals [PAR] Actor Robin Williams = Clown or a bit similar [PAR] Motion picture 'A beautiful mind' = Delirium but a fine computation [PAR] Greenwich station = Whence I got trains [PAR] Confessional = On scale of sin [PAR] French composer Claude Achille Debussy = A bunch of classic cheery model preludes [PAR] Actress Maria Schneider = Dame is a rich screen star [PAR] The French riots = Torch, then fires [PAR] Riots in French capital = Conflict in Paris heart"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Horse Racing - MrMike.com The History of Horse Racing [PAR] [PAR] The History of Horse Racing [PAR] The competitive racing of horses is one of humankind's most ancient sports, having its origins among the prehistoric nomadic tribesmen of Central Asia who first domesticated the horse about 4500 BC. For thousands of years, horse racing flourished as the sport of kings and the nobility. Modern racing, however, exists primarily because it is a major venue for legalized gambling. [PAR] Horse racing is the second most widely attended U.S. spectator sport, after baseball. In 1989, 56,194,565 people attended 8,004 days of racing, wagering $9.14 billion. Horse racing is also a major professional sport in Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America. [PAR] By far the most popular form of the sport is the racing of mounted THOROUGHBRED horses over flat courses at distances from three-quarters of a mile to two miles. Other major forms of horse racing are harness racing, steeplechase racing, and QUARTER HORSE racing. [PAR] Thoroughbred Racing [PAR] By the time humans began to keep written records, horse racing was an organized sport in all major civilizations from Central Asia to the Mediterranean. Both chariot and mounted horse racing were events in the ancient Greek Olympics by 638 BC, and the sport became a public obsession in the Roman Empire. [PAR] The origins of modern racing lie in the 12th century, when English knights returned from the Crusades with swift Arab horses. Over the next 400 years, an increasing number of Arab stallions were imported and bred to English mares to produce horses that combined speed and endurance. Matching the fastest of these animals in two-horse races for a private wager became a popular diversion of the nobility. [PAR] Horse racing began to become a professional sport during the reign (1702-14) of Queen Anne, when match racing gave way to races involving several horses on which the spectators wagered. Racecourses sprang up all over England, offering increasingly large purses to attract the best horses. These purses in turn made breeding and owning horses for racing profitable. With the rapid expansion of the sport came the need for a central governing authority. In 1750 racing's elite met at Newmarket to form the Jockey Club, which to this day exercises complete control over English racing. [PAR] The Jockey Club wrote complete rules of racing and sanctioned racecourses to conduct meetings under those rules. Standards defining the quality of races soon led to the designation of certain races as the ultimate tests of excellence. Since 1814, five races for three-year-old horses have been designated as \"classics.\" Three races, open to male horses (colts) and female horses (fillies), make up the English Triple Crown: the 2,000 Guineas, the Epsom Derby (see DERBY, THE), and the St. Leger Stakes. Two races, open to fillies only, are the 1,000 Guineas and the Epsom Oaks. [PAR] The Jockey Club also took steps to regulate the breeding of racehorses. James Weatherby, whose family served as accountants to the members of the Jockey Club, was assigned the task of tracing the pedigree, or complete family history, of every horse racing in England. In 1791 the results of his research were published as the Introduction to the General Stud Book. From 1793 to the present, members of the Weatherby family have meticulously recorded the pedigree of every foal born to those racehorses in subsequent volumes of the General Stud Book. By the early 1800s the only horses that could be called \"Thoroughbreds\" and allowed to race were those"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts about the European Cup - LFChistory - Stats galore ... Facts about the European Cup - LFChistory - Stats galore for Liverpool FC! [PAR] Articles [PAR] Facts about the European Cup [PAR] Liverpool start their European season tonight versus Total Network Solutions and thus appropriate to look at the history of the European Cup and Liverpool's role in it. [PAR] [PAR] - The European Cup started in the season 1955/56. Real Madrid was the first team to win it. Real beat the French club Stade de Reimes 4:3 in the first final. [PAR] [PAR] - Real won the competition for the first five years. [PAR] [PAR] - In the season 1992/93 the format of the European Cup was changed and since the competiton has been called The Champions League. But the same trophy is still played for. [PAR] [PAR] - This was the 50th final of the European Cup and the first final of a major competition to be held in Turkey. [PAR] [PAR] - The final at the Ataturk stadium started at quarter to ten local time. It didn\u00b4t finish until after midnight local time. Therefore it has to be the longest final in history. At least it lasted for two days. [PAR] [PAR] - The official crowd for the final was 65,000. Liverpool were allocated 20,000 tickets for the game. Still it is thought that between thirty and forty thousand Liverpool supporters were in the stands. [PAR] [PAR] - Liverpool played their sixth final in the fifteen seasons they have competed among the best clubs in Europe. Liverpool landed their fifth victory. [PAR] [PAR] - Phil Neal is the most successful Liverpool player in the European Cup. He has won the cup four times, 1977, 1978, 1981 and 1984. He had, before this final, taken part in all the five finals Liverpool had played. He captained the side in the 1985 final. [PAR] [PAR] - Phil scored in two, 1977 and 1984, of the finals he played in. Counting the penalty shoot-out in 1984 he scored three times. [PAR] [PAR] - AC Milan were playing in their 10th final. They had won the European Cup six times. [PAR] [PAR] - Paolo Maldini, who scored the first goal in the final vs. Liverpool, has played in four of the six winning finals for Milan. [PAR] [PAR] - Paolo Maldini made history in more than one way in the final. He was the oldest captain, 36 years old, to captain a side in the final. He scored the quickest goal in a final times at 53 seconds. Scoring his goal he became the oldest scorer in a final. [PAR] [PAR] - The most successful player in the history if the European Cup is Fransisco Gento. He won six titles with Real Madrid from 1955 to 1966. [PAR] [PAR] - Although both sides had played many seasons in European competitions they had never met before in Europe. [PAR] [PAR] - It was said that players from nineteen nations were in the squads of the two teams. [PAR] [PAR] - Only two Englishmen, Steven Gerrard and Jamie Carragher, were in the Liverpool starting team. Never before have fewer players from the nation of the winning team been in a team. Scott Carson was the third Englishman in the Liverpool squad. The keeper was on the bench and did not take part. The Irishman Steve Finnan was the fourth British player in Liverpool\u00b4s squad for the final. [PAR] [PAR] - Liverpool have won the European Cup five times. In all the five times they have won the cup the players"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Masters Tournament | New Georgia Encyclopedia Masters Tournament | New Georgia Encyclopedia [PAR] First played in 1934, the Masters Tournament is one of golf's four \"major\" events, alongside the U.S. Open, the British Open, and the PGA Championship. The tournament is staged every April at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta . [PAR] Origins [PAR] The Augusta National Golf Club dates back to 1931, the height of the Great Depression , when two men joined resources to create the club. One of the club's founders was the outstanding amateur and Atlanta native Bobby Jones , winner of thirteen major championships between 1923 and 1930. After winning the Grand Slam in 1930 (all four major titles: U.S. Open, U.S. Amateur, British Open, British Amateur), the twenty-eight year old announced his retirement from competitive golf. During the next several years he was involved in several carefully selected golf projects, one of which was the Augusta National. [PAR] Less [PAR] Masters Tournament [PAR] prominent than Jones but no less important to the success of the club and tournament was New York financier Clifford Roberts, who had befriended Jones in the mid-1920s. Whereas Jones brought the venture credibility and publicity, Roberts brought it business acumen. In the midst of the depression, Roberts skillfully sold the concept of a national golf club to a handful of investors and raised the capital necessary to purchase land and begin construction of the course. The famous golf course architect Alister Mackenzie worked with Jones on designing the Augusta National course. Mackenzie, designer of such world-renowned layouts as Cypress Point in northern California, complemented Jones because they agreed on many fundamentals of golf course architecture. [PAR] They discovered Fruitland ( Berckmans Nursery ), the abandoned 365-acre plant nursery near Augusta, where, among other things, peaches were grown by Prosper Berckmans. Because of the depressed economy, the land, originally a plantatation, was available at bottom-dollar price. Jones decided that it was the ideal location for a golf course. While Roberts handled the finances, Jones and Mackenzie oversaw the construction of the course, which began in 1931 and was completed in 1932. [PAR] Within [PAR] Bobby Jones [PAR] months of its completion Roberts and Jones discussed the possibility of hosting a major tournament, such as the U.S. Open; however, scheduling conflicts and climate\u2014Augusta was too hot to host the U.S. Open, traditionally held in the summer\u2014ultimately prohibited that idea. Yet Roberts remained determined; if they could not hold a national open, then why not stage an annual invitational event hosted by the legendary Bobby Jones? To make the event even more viable, Roberts proposed that Jones enter the tournament, coming out of retirement for a week each year to compete against his old opponents and friends. At first Jones resisted the idea of competing, but Roberts convinced him that the excitement surrounding his participation might make the difference between the survival and failure of the tournament. Jones very much wanted the tournament and club to succeed, so he agreed to play. [PAR] Roberts had been correct. The first Augusta National Invitation Tournament was held in the spring of 1934; it was won by Horton Smith (Jones finished in thirteenth place) and was an instant success. The following year Gene Sarazen scored a double eagle two on the par five fifteenth in the final round to force a play-off with Craig Wood, whom Sarazen defeated the next day to win the tournament. In 1939 the tournament officially changed its name to the Masters. [PAR] The natural beauty of the course's eighteen holes\u2014each adorned with the plant from which it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dartboard Sequence - MathPages The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5 Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense. It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format. It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as \"flat\" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478 Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the \"London\" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the \"Manchester\" dart board, which has the sequence 20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this 20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10 the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions. Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 which has a sum of 24350. By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the \"21-complement\", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is 1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ... = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ... = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This Sporting Life (1963) - IMDb This Sporting Life (1963) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] | Drama , Sport | 24 May 1963 (Ireland) [PAR] Despite success on the field, a rising rugby star senses the emerging emptiness of his life as his inner angst begins to materialize through aggression and brutality, so he attempts to woo his landlady in hopes of finding reason to live. [PAR] Director: [PAR] David Storey (based on the novel by), David Storey (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 26 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 04 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 01 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Title: This Sporting Life (1963) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 3 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A rebellious, hard-living factory worker juggles relationships with two women, one of whom is married to another man but pregnant with his child. [PAR] Director: Karel Reisz [PAR] A juvenile offender impresses the reform school Governor with running abilities. He is in turn given special privileges to encourage him to win a race against the local public school, but he is therefore teased his fellow rebellious peers. [PAR] Director: Tony Richardson [PAR] This sprawling, surrealist musical serves as an allegory for the pitfalls of capitalism, as it follows the adventures of a young coffee salesman in Europe. Many actors play multiple roles, giving the film a stagy tone. [PAR] Director: Lindsay Anderson [PAR] In this allegorical story, a revolution led by pupil Mick Travis takes place at an old established private school in England. [PAR] Director: Lindsay Anderson [PAR] The moving story of a plain young girl who becomes pregnant by a black sailor, befriends a homosexual, and gradually becomes a woman. [PAR] Director: Tony Richardson [PAR] An ambitious young accountant schemes to wed a wealthy factory owner's daughter, despite falling in love with a married older woman. [PAR] Director: Jack Clayton [PAR] A disillusioned, angry university graduate comes to terms with his grudge against middle-class life and values. [PAR] Director: Tony Richardson [PAR] A lazy, irresponsible young clerk in provincial Northern England lives in his own fantasy world and makes emotionally immature decisions as he alienates friends and family. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] Mick Travis is a reporter who is about to shoot a documentary on Britannia Hospital, an institution which mirrors the downsides of British Society. It's the day when Her Royal Highness is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Lindsay Anderson [PAR] After his girlfriend's pregnancy forces him to marry her, a young man must adjust to his new life and contend with his domineering mother-in-law. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] A prominent lawyer goes after a blackmailer who threatens gay men with exposure (homosexual acts still being illegal). But he's gay himself... [PAR] Director: Basil Dearden [PAR] \"Bull\" McCabe's family has farmed a field for generations, sacrificing endlessly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celtic Fling Sports - Mount Hope Estate & Winery Celtic Fling Sports [PAR] Concert [PAR] Celtic Fling Sports [PAR] Learn more about Gaelic sports below, and stop by some of the modern day organizations for even more information! Check out the Gealic Sports demonstrations below on Sunday, June 28 at Bosworth Field. Please check back for specific times and updates on which sports will be featured. [PAR] Hurling [PAR] Hurling is an outdoor team game of ancient Gaelic origin that has been played for at least 3,000 years. One of Ireland's native Gaelic games, it shares a number of features with Gaelic football, such as the field and goals, number of players, and much terminology. The object of the game is for players to use a wooden stick called a hurley to hit a small ball called a sliotar between the opponents' goalposts. [PAR] Na Toraidhe Hurling Club are the reigning champions of the Philadelphia region. This old Irish game resembles a mash of Lacrosse, field hockey and the physicality of American Football. The sport is played in this region by a cohort of mainly American born players with a few Irish for good measure. The team regularly plays teams from Allentown, Washington, Baltimore and New York throughout the summer. And in September they will face off against the best that the United States and Canada has to offer in Cleveland.[DOC] [TLE] Hurling - Camogie | HockeyGods Hurling - Camogie | HockeyGods [PAR] Hurling - Camogie [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Hurling - Iom\u00e1na\u00edocht - Iom\u00e1int is an outdoor team game of ancient Gaelic origin, administered by the Gaelic Athletic Association . The game has prehistoric origins, has been played for over 2,000 years, and is arguably the fastest field sport in the world and quite possibly the oldest. One of Ireland's native Gaelic games . [PAR] Camogie - Cam\u00f3ga\u00edocht - Camoguidheacht is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women; it is almost identical to the game of hurling played by men. Camogie is played by more than 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities. It is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association and also An Cumann Cam\u00f3ga\u00edochta . [PAR] Hurling is played in most Irish counties, though the strongest teams tend to come from Kilkenny, Tipperary, Wexford, Cork, Clare, Offaly, Limerick and Galway. [PAR] Every year the counties compete over the Summer months in the All Ireland Championship , the winner of which receives the Liam McCarthy Cup / The MacCarthy Perpetual Challenge Cup. Matches in the Championship series attract huge crowds, with over 70,000 typically attending the final each September in Croke Park in Dublin. [PAR] Hurling is also played throughout the world, and is popular among members of the Irish diaspora in North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Argentina. [PAR] There is no professional league, so the players today are unpaid amateurs. [PAR] The object of the game is for players to use a wooden stick called a hurley (in Irish a cam\u00e1n) to hit a small ball called a sliotar between the opponents' goalposts either over the crossbar for one point, or under the crossbar into a net guarded by a goalkeeper for one goal, which is counted as three points. Points can only be scored by striking the sliotar with the hurley, handpassed scores do not count. A goal is signalled by raising a green flag, placed to the left of the goal. A point is signalled by raising a white flag, placed to the right of the goal. [PAR] The sliotar can be caught in the hand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greg LeMond - How Have Steroids Changed Cycling ... - YouTube Greg LeMond - How Have Steroids Changed Cycling? - YouTube [PAR] Greg LeMond - How Have Steroids Changed Cycling? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 17, 2008 [PAR] Complete video at: http://fora.tv/2008/02/17/Ethics_Dopi... [PAR] Three-time Tour de France champion Greg LeMond discusses the effects of drug doping on professional cycling. [PAR] ---- [PAR] Ethics, Doping, and the Future of Cycling with cyclist Greg LeMond. [PAR] Greg LeMond has long been a critic of doping in cycling. During 2007, he played an unexpected role in the international arbitration hearing that eventually decided American cyclist Floyd Landis should forfeit his 2006 Tour de France title due to testing that found abnormally high levels of testosterone. LeMond testified that he had spoken with Landis after his \"A\" urine sample had tested positive, urging him that if his \"B\" sample was also positive, he should come clean, help his sport, and \"more importantly, help himself.\" Before his testimony, LeMond had been threatened by Landis' manager. [PAR] The doping problem has been most public in the Tour de France - two stage winners of the 2007 Tour withdrew from the race amid doping allegations - but its influence is so pervasive that T-Mobile recently withdrew its sponsorship of a professional cycling team, stating that the company did not want to associate its brand with doping. - Santa Clara University [PAR] Greg LeMond is a former professional road bicycle racer from the United States and a three time winner of the Tour de France in 1986, 1989, and 1990. [PAR] Gwen Knapp is a staff writer for the sports section of the San Francisco Chronicle. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2006-07-30 by The Independent - issuu 2006-07-30 by The Independent - issuu [PAR] ST. JOHN\u2019S, NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR \u2014 SUNDAY THROUGH SATURDAY, JULY 30 - AUGUST 5, 2006 [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] WWW.THEINDEPENDENT.CA \u2014 [PAR] $1.50 HOME DELIVERY (HST included); $2.00 RETAIL (HST included) [PAR] Good news, bad news For seven years, Myrtle Lewis of Conception Bay South believed she had cancer. Three weeks ago, her doctor told her she never had the disease \u2014 the test results were wrong. Lewis is glad to be alive, but devastated that her breasts were removed unnecessarily. She\u2019s one of the women behind a class-action suit filed in July against Eastern Health. \u2018Why should they get away with what\u2019s been done to me?\u2019 [PAR] Myrtle Lewis [PAR] STEPHANIE PORTER [PAR] W [PAR] ithin months of being diagnosed with cancer, Myrtle Lewis underwent surgery to have both of her breasts and 11 lymph nodes removed. Then came six months of chemotherapy \u2014 treatments she says stripped her of energy and deeply affected her immune system. She can no longer spend time in the sun, play sports, use conventional cleaning products or wear make-up. In the seven years since her diagnosis, Lewis has tried to get on with life \u2014 it\u2019s [PAR] Paul Daly/The Independent [PAR] been a struggle, but she kept going, just glad to be alive. All that changed three weeks ago. Lewis got a call from the hospital July 5. \u201cNever in a million years\u201d would she have guessed what she was about to hear. Lewis had never had cancer. According to the oncologist, some pre-cancerous cells were present in her tests \u2014 but none of the treatments she went through may have been necessary. Not the radical surgery, not the harsh drug regime. Now, sitting in the waiting room of Ches Crosbie\u2019s law office in downtown St. John\u2019s, eyes red-rimmed and hands clutching her purse, she looks like she\u2019s still in shock. \u201cI dealt with the cancer \u2026 I thought, I\u2019ll [PAR] look at my scars and be glad I was alive to be with my children and my grandchildren and my family,\u201d Lewis says. \u201cBut now, I don\u2019t know what to do, I can\u2019t work, my mind is always racing \u2026 this took everything away from me, took all my dignity.\u201d In October 2005, The Independent learned the Health Sciences Centre in St. John\u2019s had begun retesting tissue samples taken from breast cancer patients from as far back as 1997 to address possible inaccurate results. Lewis\u2019 specimens were among the hundreds retested. Now she has joined several other women who have signed on to take part in a classaction lawsuit. The statement of claim filed [PAR] by Crosbie was served to the defendant, the Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority, July 7. As of The Independent\u2019s press deadline, Crosbie had yet to receive a response. The suit is being filed on behalf of women who had received inaccurate test results \u2014 which may have affected their diagnosis or treatment \u2014 and on behalf of breast cancer patients who have been on tenterhooks for months, wondering if their health problems were as they had been told. The tests in question are referred to as ER (estrogen) and PR (progesterone) receptor tests. The procedures, given to men and women diagnosed with breast See \u201cHorrifying,\u201d page 2 [PAR] Making work Some days on government-funded Job Creation Projects involve hard work; others water balloon fights and lengthy smoke breaks Harbour Mille, Burin Peninsula [PAR] Harbour Mille By Pam Pardy Ghent For The Independent [PAR] T [PAR] here aren\u2019t a lot of work opportunities in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Steve Davis won his sixth and final World Snooker ... How Steve Davis won his sixth and final World Snooker Championship in 1989 | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] That 1980s sports blog [PAR] How Steve Davis won his sixth and final World Snooker Championship in 1989 [PAR] The reigning champion had not enjoyed a great season in 1988-89 but he showed his true class at the Crucible, where he beat Stephen Hendry and John Parrott on his way to winning snooker\u2019s greatest prize for the sixth time [PAR] Friday 17 April 2015 05.00 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Monday 4 April 2016 09.19 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] The state of the game in the late 1980s [PAR] As the last World Snooker Championships of the 1980s neared, a debate was raging as to whether the sport had lost its appeal with the viewing public. There were arguments to be heard from both sides. On the one hand, the BBC had just paid \u00a311m to secure television coverage until May 1996, but on the other the number of hours devoted to the sport on our screens was steadily declining. In the 1985-86 season, 400 hours of snooker had been shown, dropping to 350 in 1987 and 300 in 1988, giving the impression that over saturation in the peak days of the mid-1980s had led to apathy among TV executives. [PAR] News that a couple of tournaments were losing their sponsors added fuel to the fire that snooker was struggling, with Anglian Windows no longer backing the British Open and Tennents withdrawing from the UK Championship. Yet, when it came to the World Championship, the impression remained that the enthusiasm would still exist within both the snooker fanatics and casual observers alike; after all, the fortnight at the Crucible in Sheffield was always special. Snooker needed an exciting 1989 World Championship, but come the end of the tournament, the ruthless displays of one of the greatest players to have held a cue left many wondering if things were becoming too predictable. [PAR] Perhaps the sport needed normality on the green baize after controversy upon controversy during the season. From the cocaine-related stories involving Kirk Stevens and Cliff Thorburn to the beta-blocker tales of Bill Werbeniuk, via match fixing allegations involving Peter Francisco, the sport was rarely off the front and back pages. Naturally Alex Higgins was often in the tabloids, suffering a broken foot when trying to escape out of a flat window after a row with his girlfriend Siobhan Kidd, but he also highlighted his undoubted talent when he defeated Stephen Hendry in the final of the Irish Masters just two weeks before Sheffield. [PAR] Higgins would not make it to Yorkshire, however, after his 10-8 defeat to Welshman Darren Morgan in the qualifiers. The Hurricane was not the only notable absentee. Werbeniuk had been stripped of professional status after failing to pay a \u00a32,000 fine for his use of beta-blockers; six-time champion Ray Reardon was again not present; Kirk Stevens\u2019 troubles meant he also failed to qualify; former champion John Spencer exited at the last qualifying stage, as did Rex Williams. In all there were seven debutants at the Crucible \u2013 Steve Newbury, Joe O\u2019Boye, Steve Duggan, David Roe, Darren Morgan, Gary Wilkinson and Paddy Browne \u2013 indicating that times were changing as the end of the decade approached. [PAR] Davis begins an open championship as the favourite [PAR] The journalists previewing the tournament may have been casting doubts over the chances of Steve Davis winning a record-equalling sixth title but this was definitely not reflected"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Boxing - Fight Club America History of Boxing [PAR] History of Boxing [PAR] You are here: Home / About Fight Club\u00ae / History of Boxing [PAR] History of Boxing [PAR] History of boxing: [PAR] Boxing is a sport of fighting with fists, also called pugilism (literally fist fight) and prizefighting (in other words, the fight for prizes/money). Boxing has been included in the Olympic Games program since 1904. For centuries people used their fists to resolve disputes before someone thought of organizing such fights as entertainment. [PAR] BC Period [PAR] There is a clear evidence that boxing existed as early as 1500 BC, on the Crete Island. The modern researchers insist that such duels had been known even earlier than that, in Africa, specifically in the region of modern Ethiopia. [PAR] The hieroglyphic scriptures dated back to the year 4000 BC revealed the popularity of this sport throughout the Nile Plateau and all over the Egypt, after the latter had conquered Ethiopia. The enhancement of the Egyptian civilization through the Mediterranean region and the Middle East caused boxing to spread its influence. In the year 686 BC boxing became an essential part of the Olympics. [PAR] However, ancient boxing barely resembles the sport we admire today. All fights were carried out on open plots, where the spectators formed a living arena. The fight normally lasted until one of the opponents was seriously injured. Although the first boxers primarily fought for glory, the winner was also granted the gold, livestock or other trophies. [PAR] To protect wrists and hands the fighters braided their fists and sometimes two thirds of their forearms with thin soft leather straps. By the 4th century BC the straps were made of harder leather and were used not just as an arm protection gadget but turned the fists into the kind of assault weapon. Later, in the Roman Empire, the leather straps were armored with special copper and iron brackets used in gladiators\u2019 fights which usually ended with the death of one of the fighters. [PAR] Minoan youths boxing, Akrotiri (Santorini) fresco. Earliest documented use of 'gloves'. [PAR] Common Era [PAR] With the spread of Christianity and the collapse of the Roman Empire, fist fights ceased to exist as an entertainment and were forgotten for several centuries. The first official bout was registered in England in 1681. And since 1698 regularly scheduled boxing matches were conducted in the Royal Theater in London. [PAR] Gradually London became the center for provincial boxing champions seeking fame, glory and money. That very reason was an incentive for the boxing development in London in particular. In those bouts each boxer\u2019s remuneration as well as the percentage of stakes gambled by spectators were settled. The fighters did not use gloves and did not follow common rules. Weight classification was not determined, which resulted in only one Champion announcement. The lightweight boxers were often beaten. Though rounds were determined, a fight usually lasted until one of the opponents was unable to continue the fight. It was not prohibited to attack an opponent even after he fell to the ground. These conditions existed until mid-XVI century. [PAR] Despite the fact that the boxing was outlawed, it was gaining more and more popularity. In 1719, James Figg, the favorite of the public and the winner of many boxing matches, was proclaimed the Champion of England and held the title for fifteen years. Jack Brownton, one of James Figg\u2019s followers, made an attempt to turn fist-fighting matches of the time into real athletic competition. [PAR] In 1743 Jack Brownton wrote the first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What's the Name of a Half-Man Half-Beast? What Is the Name for a Hybrid Monster? [PAR] By N.S. Gill [PAR] Question: What's the Name of a Half-Man Half-Beast? [PAR] The following question about a hodge-podge mythical creature was posted on the Ancient / Classical History Forum: [PAR] I have been searching endlessly for an umbrella term defined as a creature in Greek mythology that is half-human, half-animal. I know of specific creatures, such as the minotaur and the centaur, but I am looking for a general term than encompasses all of these creatures. Can anyone help??? [PAR] Answer: The answer to this question is not one of the following specific mythical hybrid creatures: [PAR] Centaur (horse-man) [PAR] Satyr (horse-tailed man; later, goat-man) [PAR] Siren (bird-woman)[DOC] [TLE] Beasts of Greek Mythology - THEHELLENICTIMES.COM Information and Images/Pictures of Greek Mythological Beasts and Creatures. [PAR] Sidebar [PAR] Beasts of Greek Mythology [PAR] The many intriguing creatures and monsters of mythology play an intrical role in its fascinating appeal. Not included all of the mystical beasts have been added here, but most of the major ones. [PAR] Argus [PAR] The hundred-eyed character who was given by Hera the task of guarding Io, one of Zeus's many mistresses. Hermes lulled him to sleep and killed him. Hera, distraught, took his eyes and placed them on her favorite bird, the peacock. [PAR] Calydonian Boar [PAR] The huge boar sent by Artemis to ravage the land of Calydon due to the king's refusal to include her in his annual offerings. The king, Oeneus, requested neighboring cities to help kill the boar, and many heroes - including Peleus and Meleager - participated. The maiden Atalanta wounded the beast, and Meleager finally killed it. Although it had been Atalanta who halted the monster, because she was a woman it was Meleager who was awarded the prize. [PAR] Centaurs [PAR] The race of half-men, half-horses creatures. They were the product of Ixion's weird lust for Hera. Zeus created a psuedo-Hera, Nemele [\"cloud\"], who gave birth to Ixion's son Centaurus. This very sick son mated with the horses of Mount Pelion to produce the Centaurs. Centaurs were wild, lusty, and brutal; however, their king was the wise and gentle Chiron who advised, among others, Achilles and Jason. Centaurs may have first have been a misinterpretation of the warriors which came from the East who rode on horseback, at the time foreign to the Hellenes. Chiron was the symbol of man eventually taming the horse, which became a great asset. [PAR] Cerberus [PAR] The hound of Hades that guarded the entrance to the underworld. He is described with anywhere from two to fifty heads and was the offspring of Typhon and Echidna. Heracles stole Cerberus as one of his labors, and both Aeneas and Odysseus managed to bypass the gigantic dog. Orpheus, the grand musician, soothed the savage beast in order to retrieve his wife Eurydice. [PAR] Charybdis [PAR] Opposite the monster Scylla, Charybdis was a whirlpool at the northern end of the Straits of Messina which devoured ships. [PAR] Chimaera [PAR] A fire-breathing beast with a lion's head and body, a serpent for a tail, and a goat's head in the midsection. The chimaera may have represented fiery volcanic mountains where goats and lions dwelt and snakes innundated the foothills. It ravaged Mount Chimaera and was eventually killed by the hero Bellerophon, who shot lead in its mouth. The lead melted in its fiery breath and burnt its insides. [PAR] Cyclops [PAR] According to Hesiod, the one-eyed sons of Gaia and iron-workers of Hephaestus who also made Zeus's thunderbolts."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jason and the Argonauts (1963) - IMDb Jason and the Argonauts (1963) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Jason and the Argonauts ( 1963 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] The legendary Greek hero leads a team of intrepid adventurers in a perilous quest for the legendary Golden Fleece. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 18 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 28 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 09 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 30 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: Jason and the Argonauts (1963) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] When a princess is shrunken by an evil wizard, Sinbad must undertake a quest to an island of monsters to cure her and prevent a war. [PAR] Director: Nathan Juran [PAR] A film adaption of the myth of Perseus and his quest to battle both Medusa and the Kraken monster to save the Princess Andromeda. [PAR] Director: Desmond Davis [PAR] Sinbad The Sailor sails to deliver a cursed prince to a dangerous island in the face of deadly opposition from a powerful witch. [PAR] Director: Sam Wanamaker [PAR] During the Civil War a group of Union soldiers and two Confederates escape the stockade using a hot air balloon and end up on a strange Pacific island. [PAR] Director: Cy Endfield [PAR] After being shipwrecked, a man finds himself on an island inhabited by tiny people, who soon make plans for him. [PAR] Director: Jack Sher [PAR] An Edinburgh professor and assorted colleagues follow an explorer's trail down an extinct Icelandic volcano to the earth's center. [PAR] Director: Henry Levin [PAR] A ship sent to investigate a wave of mysterious sinkings encounters the advanced submarine, the Nautilus, commanded by Captain Nemo. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Jason has been prophesied to take the throne of Thessaly. When he saves Pelias from drowning, but does not recognize him as the man who had earlier killed his father, Pelias tells Jason to travel to Colchis to find the Golden Fleece. Jason follows his advice and assembles a sailing crew of the finest men in Greece, including Hercules. They are under the protection of Hera, queen of the gods. Their voyage is replete with battles against harpies, a giant bronze Talos, a hydra, and an animated skeleton army, all brought to life by the special effects wizardry of Ray Harryhausen. Written by Rick Gregory <rag.apa@email.apa.org> [PAR] Greatest Odyssey Of The Ages - for the first time on the screen See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 19 June 1963 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Jason and the Golden Fleece See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Ray Harryhausen regards this as his best film. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Hylas and Hercules see the statue of Talos, they are standing in grasses, then there is a long shot of them walking, but the next shot shows them still in the grasses. The next shot shows Hylas walking,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did St. Patrick Really Drive Snakes Out of Ireland? Did St. Patrick Really Drive Snakes Out of Ireland? [PAR] Did St. Patrick Really Drive Snakes Out of Ireland? [PAR] It's the stuff of legend: The reptiles never existed on the Emerald Isle. [PAR] View Images [PAR] According to tradition, St. Patrick chased Ireland's snakes into the sea. [PAR] PHOTOGRAPH BY CORBIS [PAR] St. Patrick's Day, which is celebrated worldwide on March 17, honors St. Patrick, the Christian missionary who supposedly rid Ireland of snakes during the fifth century A.D. [PAR] Related Content [PAR] Watch Superdeadly Snake Swallow Another Snake Whole [PAR] According to legend, the patron saint of Ireland chased the slithering reptiles into the sea after they began attacking him during a 40-day fast he undertook on top of a hill. (Related: \"St. Patrick's Day: Facts, Myths, and Traditions .\") [PAR] It's admittedly an unlikely tale. Ireland is one of only a handful of places worldwide\u2014including New Zealand, Iceland, Greenland, and Antarctica\u2014that Indiana Jones and other snake-averse humans can visit without fear. [PAR] But snakes were certainly not chased out of Ireland by St. Patrick, who had nothing to do with Ireland's snake-free status, Nigel Monaghan , keeper of natural history at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, told National Geographic. [PAR] Monaghan, who has trawled through vast collections of fossil and other records of Irish animals, has found no evidence of snakes ever existing in Ireland. [PAR] \"At no time has there ever been any suggestion of snakes in Ireland. [There was] nothing for St. Patrick to banish,\" Monaghan said. ( Read about the top ten St. Patrick's Day celebrations .) [PAR] So what did happen? [PAR] Snakes likely couldn't reach Ireland. Most scientists point to the most recent Ice Age, which kept the island too cold for reptiles until it ended 10,000 years ago. After the Ice Age, surrounding seas may have kept snakes from colonizing the Emerald Isle. [PAR] No Leg to Stand On [PAR] Once the ice caps and woolly mammoths retreated northward, snakes returned to northern and western Europe, spreading as far as the Arctic Circle. [PAR] But snakes have not existed in Ireland for thousands of years. Britain, which had a land bridge to mainland Europe until about 6,500 years ago, was colonized by three snake species: the venomous adder, the grass snake, and the smooth snake. [PAR] But Ireland's land link to Britain was cut some 2,000 years earlier by seas swollen by the melting glaciers, Monaghan noted. [PAR] Animals that reached Ireland before the sea became an impassable barrier included brown bears , wild boars, and lynx \u2014but \"snakes never made it,\" he said. [PAR] \"Snake populations are slow to colonize new areas,\" Monaghan added. [PAR] Mark Ryan , director of the Louisiana Poison Center at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, said in 2008 that the timing wasn't right for the sensitive, cold-blooded reptiles to expand their range. [PAR] \"There are no snakes in Ireland for the simple reason they couldn't get there because the climate wasn't favorable for them to be there,\" he said. [PAR] Other reptiles didn't make it either, except for one: the common or viviparous lizard. Ireland's only native reptile, the species must have arrived within the last 10,000 years, according to Monaghan. [PAR] Pagans: The Metaphorical Snakes [PAR] So unless St. Patrick couldn't tell a snake from a lizard, where does the legend come from? [PAR] Scholars suggest the tale is allegorical. Serpents are symbols of evil in the Judeo-Christian tradition\u2014the Bible, for example, portrays a snake as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rome founded, according to tradition, 753 B.C. \u2013 World ... Rome founded, according to tradition, 753 B.C. \u2013 World Book INK [PAR] worldbookblog Leave a comment [PAR] According to Roman mythology, the twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome in 753 B.C. near the Tiber River in central Italy . Romulus and Remus were born in the ancient Italian city of Alba Longa. Their parents were Rhea Silvia, a human woman, and the god Mars. When Romulus and Remus were babies, their great uncle Amulius, the ruler of Alba Longa, had them thrown into the Tiber River so they could not threaten his rule. The twins washed ashore and were nursed by a female wolf. Wolves are associated with the god Mars. The twins later were discovered and raised by a shepherd named Faustulus and his wife. Romulus and Remus eventually set out to found their own city at the place where the wolf had found them. A quarrel between the brothers led to Remus\u2019s death, and Romulus named the new city Rome, after himself. Romulus became the first of seven mythological kings who ruled Rome until the founding of the Roman Republic in 509 B.C. He was a wise and popular ruler and a fine military leader. Under Romulus\u2019s leadership, Rome expanded and became the most powerful city in its region. At the end of his reign, Romulus disappeared mysteriously in a storm. A later myth tells that he became the god Quirinus. [PAR] Ancient Romans celebrated an important religious festival called Lupercalia every February near the Lupercal, a cave in the Palatine Hill. This cave was associated with the wolf who nursed Romulus and Remus. The Palatine Hill is one of seven historic hills east of the Tiber River in Rome. They form the heart of the ancient city. The other six hills are the Aveline, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Quirinal, and Viminal hills. Lupercalia included banquets, dancing, and the sacrificing of goats. Teams of young men called Luperci raced naked around the Palatine Hill with whips made from goats\u2019 hides. Women who hoped to have children stood near the runners\u2019 path to be struck by the whips. They believed this would make them fertile. [PAR] There is little evidence that Romulus and the six kings who succeeded him existed. Some scholars think the kings originated as gods whom the Romans converted into historical figures. The kings and gods have many similarities. For example, Romulus resembles the god Jupiter. The seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, resembles Mars. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of houses built about 900 B.C.\u2014approximately 150 years before the legendary founding date\u2014on the Palatine Hill. The earliest settlers in the area were a people called the Latins who inhabited neighboring towns in Latium, the region around Rome. The seven hills that comprised ancient Rome were steep and easily defended. The valleys between them were fertile and well watered and provided necessary building materials. The Tiber River provided a convenient route to the Mediterranean Sea, allowing for trade with other communities. These geographical features helped a young Rome prosper and eventually develop as the center of a great empire. Whether or not Romulus and Remus had any part in this history, they remain a prominent part of Roman mythology. A famous bronze sculpture at the Capitoline Museums in Rome shows a she-wolf nursing the brothers. The sculpture is thought to have been created in the 400\u2019s B.C. or in the Middle Ages (from about the 400\u2019s through the 1400\u2019s A.D.). [PAR] Share this:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does Gorgon mean? - Definitions.net What does Gorgon mean? [PAR] like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face [PAR] Origin: [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr. Gorgw`, fr. gorgo`s terrible.] [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Gorgon [PAR] In Greek mythology, a Gorgon is a female creature. The name derives from the ancient Greek word gorg\u00f3s, which means \"dreadful.\" While descriptions of Gorgons vary across Greek literature and occur in the earliest examples of Greek literature, the term commonly refers to any of three sisters who had hair of living, venomous snakes, and a horrifying visage that turned those who beheld her to stone. Traditionally, while two of the Gorgons were immortal, Stheno and Euryale, their sister Medusa was not, and she was slain by the mythical demigod and hero Perseus. Gorgons were a popular image in Greek mythology, appearing in the earliest of written records of Ancient Greek religious beliefs such as those of Homer, which may date to as early as 1194\u20131184 BC. Because of their legendary and powerful gaze that could turn one to stone, images of the Gorgons were put upon objects and buildings for protection. An image of a Gorgon holds the primary location at the pediment of the temple at Corfu, which is the oldest stone pediment in Greece, and is dated to c. 600 BC. [PAR] Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Gorgon [PAR] gor\u2032gun, n. one of three fabled female monsters (Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa), of horrible aspect, winged, with hissing serpents for hair\u2014every one who looked on Medusa was turned to stone: anything very ugly.\u2014adjs. Gor\u2032gon, Gorg\u014d\u2032nean, Gorgonesque\u2032, Gorg\u014d\u2032nian, like a gorgon: very ugly or terrific.\u2014n. Gorgonei\u2032on, a mask of the gorgon.\u2014v.t. Gor\u2032gonise (Tenn.), to turn to stone. [L. gorgon\u2014Gr. gorg\u014d\u2014gorgos, grim.] [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of Gorgon in Chaldean Numerology is: 9 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology [PAR] Deodatta V. Shenai-Khatkhate : [PAR] Never try to look back, and never gaze into the Past. Sometimes Past can be like Medusa, the hideous Gorgon with scary human face and having venomous snakes in the place of her hair. Beware of gazing directly into Medusa's eyes, for it can turn the onlooker into a stone. The Past does exactly the same - it freezes you stone cold, slowing and stopping all your actions, ambitions and aspirations..... the reason why Past is likened to Medusa here. Look forward to today, to this very moment, to the Present that welcomes you happily, as your journey of life continues upwards and onwards. A Viaxe Continua! Have a great journey, my friend! [PAR] Images & Illustrations of Gorgon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] definition of Peeping Tom by The ... - The Free Dictionary Peeping Tom - definition of Peeping Tom by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Peeping Tom - definition of Peeping Tom by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Peeping+Tom [PAR] n. [PAR] A person who gets pleasure, especially sexual pleasure, from secretly watching others; a voyeur. [PAR] [After the legendary Peeping Tom of Coventry, England, who was the only person to see the naked Lady Godiva.] [PAR] Peeping Tom [PAR] n [PAR] a man who furtively observes women undressing; voyeur [PAR] [C19: after the tailor who, according to legend, peeped at Lady Godiva when she rode naked through Coventry] [PAR] Peep\u2032ing Tom\u2032"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Icarus | Article about Icarus by The Free Dictionary Icarus | Article about Icarus by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Icarus | Article about Icarus by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Icarus [PAR] Related to Icarus: Daedalus , D\u00e6dalus [PAR] Icarus, [PAR] in astronomy: see asteroid asteroid, [PAR] planetoid, [PAR] or minor planet, [PAR] small body orbiting the sun. More than 300,000 asteroids have been identified and cataloged; more than a million are believed to exist in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter, with many more in the Kuiper belt [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . [PAR] Icarus: [PAR] see Daedalus Daedalus [PAR] , in Greek mythology, craftsman and inventor. After killing his apprentice Talos in envy, he fled from Greece to Crete. There, he arranged the liaison between Pasipha\u00eb and the Cretan Bull that resulted in the Minotaur. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . [PAR] Icarus [PAR] (ik -\u0103-r\u016ds) ((1566) Icarus) An asteroid that was discovered in 1949 by Walter Baade and passed only 0.04 AU from the Earth in 1968. It belongs to the Apollo group of near-Earth asteroids and has one of the smallest perihelion distances (0.205 AU), well within the orbit of Mercury. See Table 3, backmatter. [PAR] Icarus [PAR] (religion, spiritualism, and occult) [PAR] Icarus, asteroid 1566 (the 1566th asteroid to be discovered, on June 22, 1949), was named after the character from Greek mythology who died because he flew so close to the Sun that his wings (which were made of feathers and wax) melted. At the time, Icarus and his father were flying away from imprisonment on the island of Crete. The name is appropriate, in that Icarus\u2019s eccentric orbit (which takes a little more than a terrestrial year) carries it closer to the Sun than to Mercury. The asteroid is less than 1\u00bd kilometers in diameter and is one of the more recent asteroids to be investigated by astrologers. Preliminary material on Icarus can be found in Demetra George and Douglas Bloch\u2019s Astrology for Yourself, and an ephemeris (table of celestial locations) for Icarus can be found in the second edition of George and Bloch\u2019s Asteroid Goddesses. Unlike the planets, which are associated with a wide range of phenomena, the smaller asteroids are said to represent a single principle. George and Bloch give Icarus\u2019s principle as \u201cliberation\u201d; their tentative key phrase for Icarus is \u201cMy capacity for liberation and risk-taking.\u201d Zipporah Dobyns regards the occurrence of Icarus in a prominent house, sign, or aspect related to the element fire as indicating the danger of overreaching oneself or acting prematurely. J. Lee Lehman relates Icarus to the power one gains from reconstituting oneself after the experience of \u201cdeath\u201d (in one form or another). In a more exoteric vein, Lehman also associates Icarus with flight and accidents. Jacob Schwartz gives this asteroid\u2019s astrological significance as \u201ca need to escape quickly from restrictions, speed, risk taking, shamanic power, awareness of evolving through experience.\u201d [PAR] Sources: [PAR] Dobyns, Zipporah. Expanding Astrology\u2019s Universe. San Diego: Astro Computing Services, 1983. [PAR] George, Demetra, with Douglas Bloch. Asteroid Goddesses: The Mythology, Psychology and Astrology of the Reemerging Feminine. 2d ed. San Diego: Astro Computing Services, 1990. [PAR] George. Astrology for Yourself: A Workbook for Personal Transformation. Berkeley, CA: Wingbow Press, 1987. [PAR] Lehman, J. Lee. The Ultimate Asteroid Book. West Chester, PA: Whitford Press, 1988. [PAR] Schwartz, Jacob. Asteroid Name Encyclopedia. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1995. [PAR] Icarus [PAR] [PAR] asteroid number 1566. Icarus was discovered by the American astronomer W. Baade in 1949. Its mean distance from the sun is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Pendragon - Disney Wiki - Wikia Arthur Pendragon | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cThe scrawny little fellow about 12. He's a regular little grasshopper.\u201d [PAR] \u2015In Merlin 's vision. [PAR] Arthur Pendragon (better known as Wart) is a figure from British folklore who was featured as the protagonist of Disney's 1963 animated feature film, The Sword in the Stone . In the film, Arthur is an orphan boy who becomes King of England thanks to his ability to pull a legendary sword from an anvil, making for a highly iconic moment. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Physical appearance [PAR] Arthur is a 12-year-old orphan with blond hair and is very scrawny and awkward, but also friendly and polite. He has a rich imagination and dreams of becoming a knight and having adventures. However, as he is an orphan, he knows that the most he can hope for is to become a squire to his boorish foster brother, Sir Kay . [PAR] The Knight Sir Ector found Arthur when he was a baby and took him in. Although Ector cares for the boy to an extent, but he still tends to favor his son, Kay, and thus raises Arthur much more strictly, and Kay is a constant tormentor to his adopted brother. Almost everyone refers to him as Wart rather than his birth name, Arthur. In fact, his real name is rarely mentioned throughout the film (And his last name, Pendragon, not at all), once by Wart himself, and later when he is revealed as the rightful King of England. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] The Sword in the Stone [PAR] Wart accompanies his foster brother, Kay, on a hunting trip. After accidentally distracting Kay, Wart goes to retrieve Kay's lost arrow and ends up in the home of Merlin , a powerful wizard. While enjoying tea with Merlin, Merlin speaks to Wart about the value of an education and appoints himself as Wart's tutor. Wart returns to Sir Ector's castle with Merlin and is sent to the kitchen as punishment for worrying Sir Ector. Sir Pellinore , a friend of Sir Ector's, arrives with news of a tournament, with the English crown as a prize. Sir Ector decides that Kay can be knighted in time to participate. Ector also appoints the Wart as Kay's future squire for the tournament, which is to be held in London. [PAR] The next day, Wart accompanies Merlin on his first lesson. Merlin turns them both into fish and, at first, everything goes smoothly. Wart is soon chased by a large pike and manages to outsmart the pike at first. Thankfully, Wart is saved by Merlin's owl Archimedes . The adventure teaches Wart the value of brain over brawn. When Wart is transformed back, he rushes to the kitchen, where Ector gives him 6 demerits; 3 for being late, and 3 after telling the true story of his lesson. [PAR] Later, Wart is being forced to clean an entire kitchen as a result of his punishment. Merlin enchants the dishes to wash themselves and sneaks Wart out for another lesson. This time, the lesson is about gravity and (in an unexpected twist) male-female relationships; for this lesson, Wart is transformed into a squirrel and meets up with a female squirrel , who wants him as a mate. As Wart attempts to escape the amorous squirrel, he is put in danger of being eaten by a wolf. Wart is saved thanks to the female squirrel, but he is then transformed back into a boy. Though he tries to explain, the female"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Behind the Name: User Comments for the name Flora Behind the Name: User Comments for the name Flora [PAR] Key: Meaning/History Usage Pronunciation Famous Bearer Personal Impression Other [PAR] Comments are left by users of this website. They are not checked for accuracy. [PAR] Flora is the name of the heroine in the novel \"Cold Comfort Farm\" by Stella Gibbons. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 12/20/2005 [PAR] I love this name so much because it means flower and makes me think of spring. Very pretty sounding as well. [PAR] -- iwant2baurora 12/20/2005 [PAR] Flora Tristan was one of the founders of modern feminism and Paul Gauguin's grandmother. Her complete name was Flore-Celestine-Ther\u00e8se-Henriette Tristan-Moscoso. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 12/22/2005 [PAR] In Sweden Flora is the word used for a lexicon about plants, and in general for vegetation. [PAR] Flora is also the brand name of a type of margarine. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 12/22/2005 [PAR] -- breakofday 12/29/2005 [PAR] Flora MacDonald famously hid Bonnie Prince Charlie on the Isle of Skye when he was fleeing his pursuers. Flora is quite a popular name in Scotland. [PAR] Flora would be a great name for a cat. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 2/23/2006 [PAR] Though it has terrible connotations. [PAR] Aunt Flo. [PAR] -- nothingshortoftragic 1/26/2007 [PAR] I don't know why, but I don't like this name. Which is weird, considering I love Moira, Laura, Zora, Nora and my eldest daughter's name, Leonora. [PAR] -- QueenieCapulet 2/15/2007 [PAR] I really like this name, elegant, simple, and lush. It can be used as a nickname for Florence as well. [PAR] -- Kitten 4/6/2007 [PAR] In Scotland the name became popular as an Anglicised form of the Gaelic name Fionnghuala and its variants. Flora MacDonald's given name was actually Fionnghal. [PAR] -- reniannen17 7/24/2007 [PAR] Flora is the heroine in Stella Gibbons' book Cold Comfort Farm, which was made into a film with Kate Beckinsale as Flora. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 11/16/2007 [PAR] Only this name sounds like that butter. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 11/19/2007 [PAR] I love this name, I just wish there wasn't a butter called Flora because that will be the first association for a lot of people. [PAR] -- Sezzers 11/30/2007 [PAR] As long as you don't have another daughter named Fauna, and as long as you don't call the girl Flo, this name is alright. It rhymes with the very common Laura and Norah, and it also rhymes with the beautiful names Cora and Dora, and it has a soft, pleasant sound to it. It's quite old-fashioned and a bit too flower-y in a very literal way, but it's not bad. [PAR] -- Oohvintage 7/17/2013 [PAR] We're seriously considering this name for a daughter. It's very uncommon here in the US, but that's what I like. It's old fashioned and sweet, and suitable for all ages. Although, my name is Lily, so that might be a little too 'flower-y'. [PAR] -- .Lily. 8/16/2013 [PAR] 8 Flora is an asteroid that was discovered by J. R. Hind on October 18, 1847. It is named after Flora from Roman mythology, the goddess of flowers and the season of spring. [PAR] -- ophelia 10/20/2013 [PAR] I love this name. It's not very common, but simple and beautiful. I also think it would age gracefully. [PAR] Flora is a lovely, pretty name. (: [PAR] -- Anonymous User 8/9/2014 [PAR] -- thesnowwhiterose 12/8/2014 [PAR] I would definitely have used this name as it's a family name but then the man who invented Flora margarine named it after his wife's middle name, and ruined it for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Odin - Norse Mythology for Smart People Odin - Norse Mythology for Smart People [PAR] Norse Mythology for Smart People [PAR] Odin [PAR] \u201cOdin the Wanderer\u201d by Georg von Rosen (1886) [PAR] Odin (pronounced \u201cOH-din\u201d; Old Norse \u00d3\u00f0inn, Old English and Old Saxon Woden, Old High German Wuotan, Wotan, or Wodan, Proto-Germanic *Wo\u00f0anaz, \u201cMaster of Ecstasy\u201d) is one of the most complex and enigmatic characters in Norse mythology, and perhaps in all of world literature. He\u2019s the chief of the Aesir tribe of deities, yet he often ventures far from their kingdom, Asgard , on long, solitary wanderings throughout the cosmos on purely self-interested quests. He\u2019s a relentless seeker after and giver of wisdom, but he has little regard for communal values such as justice, fairness, or respect for law and convention. He\u2019s the divine patron of rulers, and also of outcasts. He\u2019s a war-god, but also a poetry-god, and he has prominent \u201ceffeminate\u201d qualities that would have brought unspeakable shame to any historical Norse/Germanic warrior. He\u2019s worshiped by those in search of prestige, honor, and nobility, yet he\u2019s often cursed for being a fickle trickster. What kind of literary figure \u2013 let alone a god whose historical worship spanned much of a continent and several centuries \u2013 could possibly embody all of these qualities at once, with their apparently glaring contradictions? [PAR] What\u2019s in a Name? [PAR] As mentioned above, Odin\u2019s name can be translated as \u201cMaster of Ecstasy.\u201d His Old Norse name, \u00d3\u00f0inn, is formed from two parts: first, the noun \u00f3\u00f0r , \u201cecstasy, fury, inspiration,\u201d and the suffix -inn, the masculine definite article, which, when added to the end of another word like this, means something like \u201cthe master of\u201d or \u201ca perfect example of.\u201d The eleventh-century historian Adam of Bremen confirms this when he translates \u201cOdin\u201d as \u201cThe Furious.\u201d[1] \u00d3\u00f0r can take countless different forms. As one saga describes Odin, \u201cwhen he sat with his friends, he gladdened the spirits of all of them, but when he was at war, his demeanor was terrifyingly grim.\u201d[2] [PAR] This ecstasy that Odin embodies and imparts is the unifying factor behind the myriad areas of life with which he is especially associated: war, sovereignty, wisdom, magic, shamanism, poetry, and the dead. [PAR] War [PAR] In modern popular culture, Odin is often portrayed as being an eminently honorable ruler and battlefield commander (not to mention impossibly muscular), but to the ancient Norse, he was nothing of the sort. In contrast to more straightforwardly noble war gods such as Tyr or Thor , Odin incites otherwise peaceful people to strife with what, to modern tastes, is a downright sinister glee.[3] His attitude is not far from Nietzsche\u2019s dictum, \u201cYou say it is the good cause that hallows even war? I say unto you: it is the good war that hallows any cause.\u201d[4] [PAR] In keeping with his associations with sovereignty (see below), Odin doesn\u2019t generally concern himself with average warriors, preferring instead to lavish his blessings only on those whom he deems to be worthy of them. Many of the greatest Germanic heroes have enjoyed Odin\u2019s patronage, such as Starka\u00f0r and the Volsung family. [PAR] He maintains particularly close affiliations with the berserkers and other \u201cwarrior-shamans\u201d whose fighting techniques and associated spiritual practices center around achieving a state of ecstatic unification with certain ferocious totem animals, usually wolves or bears, and, by extension, with Odin himself, the master of such beasts. [PAR] Thus, as a war-god, Odin is principally concerned not with the reasons behind any given conflict or even its outcome, but rather with the raw, chaotic battle-frenzy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sound of Music :: Rodgers & Hammerstein :: Show Details The Sound of Music :: Rodgers & Hammerstein :: Show Details [PAR] GUEST BLOG: Liesl from THE SOUND OF MUSIC Live! on NBC [PAR] A guest blog from the amazing young woman portraying Liesl in the upcoming NBC broadcast of THE SOUND OF MUSIC Live! read more [PAR] Did you know? The real Captain von Trapp was offered command of a submarine in the Navy of the Third Reich, which he refused. The von Trapps were invited to sing for Hitler?s 50th birthday party, which they also declined. The eldest son, Rupert, was offered a medical post in a good Viennese hospital; but, he realized it was because many Jewish doctors had been fired. With tensions rising, the family emigrated to Italy four months after the Anschluss in 1938. [PAR] Did you know? In THE SOUND OF MUSIC, Maria von Trapp was a novice at Nonnberg Abbey. The historic Nonnberg Abbey was founded in the 8th century by Avendrid, niece of St. Rupert who is considered the patron saint of Salzburg. The city also has a cathedral monastery and is often called ?The Rome of the North.? [PAR] Did you Know? At the 1960 Tony Awards Mary Rodgers found her musical ONCE UPON A MATTRESS competing against a show by her father Richard Rodgers - THE SOUND OF MUSIC - for the category of Best Musical! [PAR] In 1967 THE SOUND OF MUSIC finished its run at the Palace Theatre, London, after six years and 2,385 performances - at the time, the longest running American musical in British theatrical history. [PAR] The birthday of Maria von Trapp. In 1905, Maria Augusta Kutschera Trapp was born aboard a train in the Tirol, Austria. The story of her early life served as the inspiration for THE SOUND OF MUSIC. [PAR] The birthday of Florence Henderson, who played Maria von Trapp in the first U.S. National Tour of THE SOUND OF MUSIC, starting in 1961. Best known for playing Carol Brady on The Brady Bunch from 1968 to 1974, Florence Henderson began her career as a stage actress. In addition to THE SOUND OF MUSIC, Henderson starred as Laurey in the 1953 Broadway revival of OKLAHOMA!, as Anna in the Los Angeles Music Center's inaugural production of THE KING AND I, and as Nellie at the Music Theater of Lincoln Center?s SOUTH PACIFIC in 1967. In 2010 she performed on \"Dancing with the Stars\"\" - even waltzing to \"\"Edelweiss\"\" from THE SOUND OF MUSIC!\" [PAR] In 1990, in celebration of THE SOUND OF MUSIC's silver anniversary, Twentieth Century Fox hosted a gala screening/reunion for director Robert Wise, star Julie Andrews, and other members of the cast in Los Angeles; the movie is subsequently rereleased for a limited engagement in Los Angeles and New York. [PAR] The birthday of Russel Crouse, book writer of the musicals CALL ME MADAM and THE SOUND OF MUSIC. Crouse was born in 1893. [PAR] The birthday of singer Marni Nixon. Marni Nixon became famous as the singing voice of Deborah Kerr in Rodger & Hammerstein?s film THE KING AND I, as well as Audrey Hepburn in MY FAIR LADY and Natalie Wood in WEST SIDE STORY. Nixon finally appeared as a performer on camera while singing the part of Sister Sophia in the film THE SOUND OF MUSIC. [PAR] In 1961, the national tour of THE SOUND OF MUSIC, starring Florence Henderson, began at the Riviera Theatre, Detroit. It played in 35 cities before closing at the O'Keefe Center, Toronto, on November 23, 1963. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Taylor - Queen - The Official Queen Website Roger Taylor [PAR] Roger Taylor [PAR] Date Of Birth July 26, 1949 [PAR] Birthplace King's Lynn, Norfolk, England [PAR] Instruments Drums, percussion, keyboards, vocals [PAR] Although best known for his powerhouse role in Queen, Roger Taylor is anything but a drummer confined to his kit.. With rock n\u2019roll in his veins all through his schooldays, he has always been a highly active, vocal member of Queen. He famously wrote Queen\u2019s landmark hits \"Radio Ga Ga\" and \"A Kind Of Magic\", and was also the first to make a solo album, 1981\u2019s Fun In Space. To date he has released four solo albums, which, aside from his work with Queen, further highlighted Taylor as an musician and writer with a strong sense of identity, a wide musical perspective, and - not least of all - a man not without a sense of irony. Just consider, for instance, the lyrics to \u201cI\u2019m In Love With My Car\u201d, his B side to \u201cBohemian Rhapsody\u201d, and a firm audience favourite in the Queen live set. [PAR] Taylor\u2019s active approach has not been confined to his music: when media mogul Rupert Murdoch made attempts to buy Manchester United football club, Taylor funded the club supporters in their attempts to block the sale, and historically helped them succeed. [PAR] His history in one of rock\u2019s most famous bands begins in the late 60\u2019s, the time when he first teamed up with Brian May, and later John Deacon and Freddie Mercury, to form Queen. But before that\u2026 [PAR] Roger Taylor was born in Kings Lynn, Norfolk, on July 26th 1949, Roger became fascinated with music in the early 50s, when his family moved to Cornwall. He learned his first instrument, the ukulele, at a tender age, and enjoyed a brief taste of things to come in a pre-teen skiffle band whose collective talent survived just two public performances, both apparently excruciating! [PAR] His music took on a different direction in 1960, when he became a rather reluctant member of the Truro Cathedral Choir -- a prerequisite of his scholarship. He taught himself the guitar around this time, but by the following year had moved over to drums. [PAR] By 1966 Roger had not only progressed to drumming in Cornwall's most popular band, the Reaction, but had also become their lead singer, with his drumkit placed -- where else? -- in the principal position, at the front of the stage. That year, the Reaction won a hotly-contested local talent contest and, according to newspaper reports, were duly \"mobbed by young girls\". [PAR] While maintaining his keen interest in music, Roger decided to study dentistry, and in 1967 moved to London to enrol at the London Hospital Medical College. He later studied biology, obtaining a BSc in the subject. [PAR] In 1968 Roger formed another group, Smile, with Middlesex guitar ace Brian May. Smile played sporadically over the next few years and even issued a single in the United States. By 1971, Roger had long abandoned any desire to become a dentist or a biologist, and with new additions to the line-up John Deacon and Freddie Mercury, Smile became known as Queen. [PAR] The Queen legend often refers to how Taylor and Mercury were particularly close, and spent many hours on the town together seeing bands who at that time were their heroes: The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Led Zeppelin, David Bowie, The Who, all of whom influenced them and helped shape the musical destiny of Queen. [PAR] Roger began writing songs for Queen from day one, and each"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Schmoop - Pygmalion Pygmalion [PAR] Pygmalion [PAR] or browse other Shmoopers' Questions [PAR] In A Nutshell [PAR] Pygmalion, written in 1912 by George Bernard Shaw and first performed two years later, tells the story of Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics (speech), who bets his friend that he can pass off a poor flower girl with a Cockney accent as a duchess by teaching her to speak with an upper class accent. [PAR] In addition to being a playwright, Shaw was a theater critic, an essayist, a lifelong socialist and advocate for the working class, and, like Higgins, something of a phonetician. Given the scope of his interests, it should come as no surprise that he had a lot to say about a lot of things. Pygmalion, like most of Shaw's plays, is didactic. That is, it's meant to teach the audience about something. In this case, Shaw wants us to think about the problems caused by our \"common\" language, and how language can separate people from different places and classes, even different parts of the same town. In his preface to the play, entitled, \"A Professor of Phonetics,\" he writes, \"The English have no respect for their language, and will not teach their children to speak it. They spell it so abominably that no man can teach himself what it sounds like\" ( source ). Seems like he's about ready to yell, \"We have a failure to communicate!\" Well, instead of screaming, he wrote Pygmalion. (He called for the creation of an \"improved\" system of spelling English, but, thankfully, it didn't catch on. You can read more about it in \"Trivia.\") [PAR] It's easy to sympathize with Shaw, though. If you've ever had trouble understanding someone because his accent was different than yours, or had trouble pronouncing an unfamiliar word (why does \"subtle\" have a \"b\" in it anyway?), you probably know what Shaw's talking about: sometimes English doesn't really make much sense, even to native speakers. When you consider that Shaw was writing at a time when the British Empire was still around, when people from all over the globe were expected and sometimes forced to communicate in English, and the situation only becomes more complicated. [PAR] All this talk about language is only the beginning, though. Shaw uses it as a base to discuss other issues: problems about society, class, and gender. No need to get overwhelmed right off the bat, though. It's best to take it slow and start with words. That's where all literature begins, right? [PAR] Given that we can all relate to these problems, however, it's no surprise that Pygmalion was and is extremely popular. Most people know the plot from My Fair Lady , the musical film adaptation of Shaw's play (sorry to say, there's no rain in Spain falling mainly on the plain in the original), and it's been parodied by everyone from The Three Stooges to The Simpsons and Family Guy . Shaw also wrote the Academy Award -winning screenplay for the 1938 film version, making him the only person ever to win both an Oscar and the Nobel Prize in Literature . Pretty good for a play about a grouchy professor and a poor flower girl, no? [PAR] [PAR] Why Should I Care? [PAR] There's a reason why Pygmalion's been turned into a movie, a musical, and a movie musical, with a twist. It's a Cinderella story, complete with slippers\u2026although in this case they're thrown, not worn. There's even a ball \u2013 well, maybe not a ball, but a couple of parties. And there's a stepmother in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Off-Broadway Shows Guide: Current Off-Broadway Show ... Off-Broadway Shows Guide: Current Off-Broadway Show Tickets and Info [PAR] http://www.theatermania.com/off-broadway/shows/887_317289/ 887 [PAR] 887 Murray Avenue, Quebec City, Canada: The apartment complex where renowned director Robert Lepage (The Blue Dragon) spent his youth comes to life as a bewitching, tech-saturated dollhouse in this deeply personal solo work. Populated with miniature neighbors and family members as well as stories embedded in rooms, walls, and windows, 887 constructs an evocative memory palace. As Lepage revisits his childhood home and other brilliantly reconfigured spaces from his past and present \u2014 among them his current Quebec City flat and the front seat of his father's taxi \u2014 he unearths a life's worth of memories, sifting in the process through the things we can't seem to recall and those we aren't able to forget. [PAR] 2017-03-16 [PAR] http://www.theatermania.com/off-broadway/shows/946-the-amazing-story-of-adolphus-tips_315394/ 946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips [PAR] From the author of War Horse comes a full arsenal of live music, dance, and visual high jinks! The theater company Kneehigh and Emma Rice, artistic director of Shakespeare's Globe, return to St. Ann's Warehouse with 946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips, adapted from the novella by Michael Morpurgo. This true tale of local townsfolk and the African-American soldiers sent to rehearse the Normandy invasion from their shores explodes everything we thought we knew about the D-Day landings. Seen through the lens of a little girl and her lost cat, 946 takes its title from the number of casualties sustained during these bungled maneuvers \u2014 a secret kept, until now, by the American and British governments. [PAR] 2017-03-14 [PAR] http://www.theatermania.com/off-broadway/shows/the-accidental-pervert_181348/ The Accidental Pervert [PAR] The Accidental Pervert is a laugh-out-loud play that tells the awkwardly poignant story of a boy's journey into manhood after discovering his dad's videotapes hidden in a bedroom closet. The boy subsequently develops an addiction that continues until the age of 26, when he meets his wife-to-be and finds himself struggling to find the balance between fantasy and reality. [PAR] Let acclaimed performer and comedian Andrew Goffman take you on a whirlwind tour of his funny romance with magazines, videos, and off-color fantasies while you roll in the aisles. However, it's not all laughs in this layered show, which ends on a touching moment of redemption as he struggles to find true love and perspective through real-life relationships. [PAR] So come have some good dirty fun with The Accidental Pervert! Oh, and leave the little ones home. The show has mature themes and is meant for audience members over 16. [PAR] Highlights [PAR] http://www.theatermania.com/off-broadway/shows/aging-magician_315089/ Aging Magician [PAR] Aging Magician is an epic new opera-theater work that tells the story of Harold, an aging clockmaker near the end of his unusual life. A string quartet and the Brooklyn Youth Chorus help him uncover his legacy as the stage of the New Victory Theater is transformed into a living, breathing instrument. Creators Julian Crouch (Shockheaded Peter), Rinde Eckert, Paola Prestini, and Mark Stewart bring together the worlds of music, theater, puppetry, instrument-making, and scenic design to paint this poignant allegory of time, youth, and the peculiar magic of ordinary life \u2014 or perhaps the ordinary magic of a peculiar life. [PAR] 2017-03-03 [PAR] http://www.theatermania.com/off-broadway/shows/angels-among-us_317721/ Angels Among Us [PAR] Angels Among Us highlights the journey of 9 characters living through the worst days of their lives, but little do they know that everything happens for a reason... even if they don't quite see any hope just YET. [PAR] Presented in a series of 4 coherent and connected vignettes, our characters learn that sometimes they have to get through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Wrote Les Mis\u00e9rables - Want to Know it Who Wrote Les Mis\u00e9rables [PAR] Who Wrote Les Mis\u00e9rables [PAR] 27 Jan, 2013 who wrote [PAR] 0 [PAR] Les Mis\u00e9rables is a French novel first published in 1862. The French version is about 1,900 pages long and it is one of the longest novels ever written. The novel has many subplots, but the main story follows ex-convict Jean Valjean who strives to do good, but struggles to escape his past. Les Mis\u00e9rables is considered to be one of the most important novels of the 19th century. The novel investigates many themes such as; politics, religion, justice, law, love and many more. Although initial critical reaction was mostly negative, it was a great commercial success throughout the world. It has had many adaptations over the years including; musicals, plays, movies and television specials. A recent film adaptation, which was adapted from the musical, has proved to be a major success and shows that the story is still popular with modern audiences. Let\u2019s find out who wrote this important novel and some of the most successful adaptations. [PAR] Who wrote Les Mis\u00e9rables? [PAR] Les Mis\u00e9rables was written by the famous French poet, playwright, and author, Victor Hugo. The inspiration for his main character, came from the life of Eugene Vidocq. He had been an ex-convict and eventually become a very successful businessman and philanthropist. Hugo began planning the novel in the 1830\u2019s after being inspired by the French Revolutions of the time. Even though he started his work in the 1840\u2019s his work was not finished and published until 1862. The book was the subject of a massive marketing campaign and the book sold out within hours. It went on to have a massive influence on French society. [PAR] Musical [PAR] The famous musical adaptation began in 1980 with the French language lyrics written by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel and the libretto (the spoken portion of a musical) written by Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg and Alain Boublil. The lyrics to the English version of the musical were written by Herbert Kretzmer and James Fenton and the libretto was written by Trevor Nunn and John Caird. The musical went on to become an international sensation and multi award winnner. [PAR] 2012 film [PAR] The 2012 film was based on the musical and was scripted by William Nicholson, Boublil, Sch\u00f6nberg and Herbert Kretzmer. [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat: Amazon.co ... Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat: Amazon.co.uk: Music [PAR] Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat [PAR] Only 1 left in stock. [PAR] Dispatched from and sold by EliteDigital UK . [PAR] Get it as soon as 25 Jan. - 3 Feb. when you choose Standard Delivery at checkout. Details [PAR] 8 new from \u00c2\u00a313.95 48 used from \u00c2\u00a30.28 [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] These items are dispatched from and sold by different sellers. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat by Original Cast Recording Audio CD \u00c2\u00a313.95 [PAR] Only 1 left in stock. [PAR] Sent from and sold by EliteDigital UK. [PAR] \u00c2\u00a31.26 delivery [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a320. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Audio CD (23 April 2007) [PAR] Number of Discs: 1 [PAR] 2. Any Dream Will Do (Single Version) [PAR] 3. Jacob & Sons/Joseph's Coat [PAR] 6. One More Angel In Heaven [PAR] 7. Potiphar [PAR] 9. Go, Go, Go Joseph [PAR] 10. Pharaoh Story [PAR] 12. Song Of The King (Seven Fat Cows) [PAR] 13. Pharaoh's Dreams Explained [PAR] 16. The Brothers Come To Egypt/Grovel, Grovel [PAR] 17. Who's The Thief? [PAR] 19. Joseph All The Time [PAR] 20. Jacob In Egypt [PAR] 21. Finale: Any Dream Will Do/Give Me My Coloured Coat [PAR] 22. Joseph Megamix [PAR] CD [PAR] Amazon.co.uk [PAR] If you were to think this 1991 London revival cast of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat sounds a lot like the 1992 Canadian revival cast and the 1993 Los Angeles revival cast , you'd be right. All three use the glitzy version of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Rice's school-cantata-turned-musical based on the biblical story of Joseph and his coat of many colors, which debuted with this London revival in 1991 and became the basis for most subsequent productions, as well as the video version ,. Yes, the \"Joseph Megamix\" is here, along with the witty lyrics and catchy melodies that borrow freely from country, calypso, French caf\u00e9s, and Elvis ,as well as favorites \"Any Dream Will Do,\" \"Close Every Door,\" and \"Go, Go, Go Joseph.\" And orchestral credits, cover art, and running time are almost exactly the same, leading one to believe that the various casts recorded their vocals over the same prerecorded orchestral tracks. [PAR] So is there any difference between the three? Yes, the singers, most notably the role of the narrator and the title character. This London production starred Linzi Hateley as the narrator and Australian pop singer Jason Donovan as Joseph. For the 1992 Canadian cast, former teen pop sensation Donny Osmond took over the title role, with Janet Metz as the narrator. In Los Angeles in 1993, Michael Damian was Joseph and Kelli Rabke the narrator. All the narrators are solid, though Hateley is probably the best overall. The biggest difference is Osmond, the clear winner with a terrific voice and irresistible warmth, contrasted with Donovan's somewhat thick and heavy singing and Damian's rather deliberate pronunciation. You really don't need more than one of these Josephs, and the Canadian cast is the one to have. --David Horiuchi [PAR] Customer Reviews"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Funny Girl (1968) - IMDb Funny Girl (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The life of Fanny Brice , famed comedienne and entertainer of the early 1900s. We see her rise to fame as a Ziegfield girl, subsequent career and her personal life, particularly her relationship with Nick Arnstein. [PAR] Director: [PAR] William Wyler [PAR] Writers: [PAR] Isobel Lennart (book), Isobel Lennart (from the original story by: based on the play with) (as Miss Lennart) | 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 08 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 images [PAR] created 19 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Funny Girl \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 7 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Story of singer Fanny Brice's stormy relationship with showman Billy Rose. [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] Matchmaker Dolly Levi travels to Yonkers to find a partner for \"half-a-millionaire\" Horace Vandergelder, convincing his niece, his niece's intended, and his two clerks to travel to New York City along the way. [PAR] Director: Gene Kelly [PAR] A Jewish girl disguises herself as a boy to enter religious training. [PAR] Director: Barbra Streisand [PAR] A has-been rock star falls in love with a young, up-and-coming songstress. [PAR] Director: Frank Pierson [PAR] Two desperate people have a wonderful romance, but their political views and convictions drive them apart. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] Can a bickering odd couple in Manhattan become friends and maybe more? Owlish Felix is an unpublished writer who vents his frustration by reporting to the super that the woman in a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] Daisy Gamble, an unusual woman who hears phones before they ring, and does wonders with her flowers, wants to quit smoking to please her fianc\u00e9, Warren. She goes to a doctor of hypnosis to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Early twentieth century New York. Fanny Brice knows that she is a talented comedienne and singer. She also knows that she is not the beauty typical of the stage performers of the day, she with skinny legs and a crooked nose among other physical issues. So she knows she has to use whatever other means to get her break in show business, that break so that she can at least display her talents. With the help of Eddie Ryan who would become her friend, Fanny is able to get a part in a novelty act in a vaudeville show,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shakespeare\u2019s The Taming Of The Shrew - thewrap.com Anne Hathaway to Star in Film Adaptation of Shakespeare's 'Taming of the Shrew' (Exclusive) [PAR] Anne Hathaway to Star in Film Adaptation of Shakespeare\u2019s \u2018Taming of the Shrew\u2019 (Exclusive) [PAR] Anne Hathaway just won a Golden Globe for Universal and Working Title's \"Les Miserables\" [PAR] Lucas Shaw | January 14, 2013 @ 3:09 PM [PAR] Anne Hathaway will star in an adaptation of William Shakespeare \u2019s \u201cTaming of the Shrew,\u201d an individual with knowledge of the deal told TheWrap. [PAR] Abi Morgan , who scripted \u201cThe Iron Lady\u201d and \u201cShame,\u201d will handle the adaptation, a modern-day retelling of the iconic play set in mid-20th century Italy. [PAR] The project will be produced by Debra Hayward and Working Title, another individual with knowledge of the film told TheWrap. [PAR] Hayward, a former Working Title executive, left the company in June of 2011 to start her own production company, Monumental Pictures. She promptly signed a first-look deal with Working TItle, and \"Shrew\" will be the first film made under that agreement. [PAR] Universal and Working Title, Tim Bevan and Eric Fellner's British production outfit responsible for \u201cFargo\u201d and \u201cBilly Elliot,\u201d have a longstanding production relationship dating to 1999. Their current first-look deal runs through 2015, meaning Universal would get first crack at distributing the film. [PAR] The two companies have collaborated on such films as \u201cTinker Tailor Soldier Spy,\u201d \u201cAtonement\u201d and 2012\u2019s \u201cLes Miserables.\u201d Hathaway won a Golden Globe on Sunday for her performance as Fantine in that film, and she is considered the frontrunner for a Supporting Actress Oscar as well. [PAR] Hollywood and Broadway have adapted \u201cThe Taming of the Shrew\u201d on several occasions, including Cole Porter\u2019s musical \u201cKiss Me, Kate,\u201d which originally appeared on Broadway in 1951 and was revived in 1952 and 1999, and a 1967 film starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . [PAR] Heath Ledger and Julia Stiles starred in a modern reimagining of the tale in 1999, Gil Junger\u2019s \u201c10 Things I Hate About You.\u201d [PAR] Universal, Working Title and Hathaway's representatives at CAA all declined to comment on the project. [PAR] Hathway, who last year appeared in both \"Les Miserables\" and \"The Dark Knight Rises,\" has no projects currently in production. She will lend her voice to \"Rio 2,\" the sequel to Fox's successful animated hit, which is in pre-production. [PAR] Show Comments"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Saigon - Theatre Gold Miss Saigon [PAR] Miss Saigon [PAR] [PAR] by Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg and Alain Boublil [PAR] Miss Saigon is a West End musical by Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg and Alain Boublil, with lyrics by Boublil and Richard Maltby, Jr.. It is based on Giacomo Puccini\u2019s opera Madame Butterfly, and similarly tells the tragic tale of a doomed romance involving an Asian woman abandoned by her American lover. The setting of the plot is relocated to the 1970s Saigon during the Vietnam War, and Madame Butterfly\u2019s American Lieutenant and Japanese geisha coupling is replaced by a romance between an American GI and a Vietnamese bar girl. [PAR] The musical premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London on September 20, 1989, closing after 4,264 performances, on October 30, 1999. It opened on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre in 1991 and subsequently played in many other cities and embarked on tours. [PAR] The musical represented Sch\u00f6nberg and Boublil\u2019s second major success, following Les Mis\u00e9rables in 1985. As of August 2010, Miss Saigon is still the 10th longest-running Broadway musical in musical theatre history [PAR] [PAR] Background [PAR] [PAR] The musical\u2019s inspiration was reportedly a photograph, inadvertently found by Sch\u00f6nberg in a magazine. The photo showed a Vietnamese mother leaving her child at a departure gate at Tan Son Nhut Air Base to board a plane headed for the United States where her father, an ex-GI, would be in a position to provide a much better life for the child. Sch\u00f6nberg considered this mother\u2019s actions for her child to be \u201cThe Ultimate Sacrifice,\u201d an idea central to the plot of Miss Saigon.[2] [PAR] Highlights of the show include the evacuation of the last Americans in Saigon from the Embassy roof by helicopter while a crowd of abandoned Vietnamese scream in despair, the victory parade of the new communist regime and the frenzied night club scene at the time of defeat. [PAR] Many of the major European musicals on Broadway started in the 1980s, including Cats, The Phantom of the Opera, and Les Mis\u00e9rables and then included Miss Saigon into the 1990s. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] West End [PAR] Miss Saigon premiered in the West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on September 20, 1989 and closed after 4,264 performances on October 30, 1999.[3] The director was Nicholas Hytner with musical staging by Bob Avian and scenic design by John Napier. In December 1994 the London production became the Theatre Royal\u2019s (Drury Lane) longest running musical, eclipsing the record set by My Fair Lady.[4] [PAR] The original Kim was played by Lea Salonga, who became famous because of this role and won the Laurence Olivier Award and Tony Award. The original Engineer was portrayed by Jonathan Pryce who won a Tony Award for the role. [PAR] Broadway [PAR] The musical debuted on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre on April 11, 1991 and closed on January 28, 2001 after 4,092 performances. Directed again by Nicholas Hytner with musical staging by Bob Avian, scenic design was by John Napier, costume design was by Andreane Neofitou and Suzy Benzinger and lighting design was by David Hersey.[5] As of April 2009, Miss Saigon is still the 10th longest-running Broadway musical in musical theatre history.[1] [PAR] Other Productions [PAR] Since its opening in London Miss Saigon was produced in many cities around the world including Stuttgart from December 2, 1994 till December 19, 1999 and Toronto, where new theatres were designed specifically to house the show. In the small island community of B\u00f8mlo in Norway with only around 11000 innhabitants, the show was set up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who really wrote the 'Happy Birthday' song ? - USA TODAY Who really wrote the 'Happy Birthday' song? [PAR] FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest [PAR] Who really wrote the 'Happy Birthday' song? [PAR] \"Happy Birthday to You Happy Birthday to You Happy Birthday Dear ---- Happy Birthday to You\" Every 5-year-old knows it. It is the most frequently sung song in the English language, according to the Guinness [PAR] Post to Facebook [PAR] Who really wrote the 'Happy Birthday' song? \"Happy Birthday to You Happy Birthday to You Happy Birthday Dear ---- Happy Birthday to You\" Every 5-year-old knows it. It is the most frequently sung song in the English language, according to the Guinness Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/12utYOC [PAR] CancelSend [PAR] A link has been sent to your friend's email address. [PAR] Posted! [PAR] A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. [PAR] 25 [PAR] To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs [PAR] Who really wrote the 'Happy Birthday' song? [PAR] Andrew Wolfson, The (Louisville) Courier-Journal Published 4:00 p.m. ET June 29, 2013 | Updated 4:20 p.m. ET June 29, 2013 [PAR] x [PAR] Share [PAR] Was one of the world\u2019s most popular songs really written by Louisville sisters Patty and Mildred Hill in the 1890s? That question may finally be settled, courtesy of a lawsuit filed last week in federal court in New York. [PAR] The copyright for the song, which was reputedly written by Louisville sisters Patty and Mildred Hill in the 1890s, is being challenged in federal court. [PAR] The sign in Happy Birthday park in Louisville, Ky. on June 18, tells the story of the \"Happy Birthday\" song. [PAR] (Photo: Kylene White, The (Louisville, Ky.) Courier-Journal) [PAR] Story Highlights [PAR] Song generates an estimated $2 million a year in licensing fees [PAR] Music publisher Warner/Chappell Music now owns song [PAR] Warner/Chappell Music must prove sisters wrote song, legal expert says [PAR] \"Happy Birthday to You [PAR] Happy Birthday Dear ---- [PAR] Happy Birthday to You\" [PAR] Every 5-year-old knows it. It is the most frequently sung song in the English language, according to the Guinness Book of World Records, surpassing the works of Bach, Beethoven and the Beatles, says the Songwriters Hall of Fame. [PAR] It has been sung in 143 movies, translated into at least 18 languages and used in ads to sell everything from insurance to margarine. [PAR] But was one of the world's most popular songs really written by Louisville sisters Patty and Mildred Hill in the 1890s? [PAR] That question may finally be settled, courtesy of a lawsuit filed last week in federal court in New York by a documentary filmmaker challenging the tune's copyright. [PAR] Good Morning to You Productions, which is making a movie about the song's history, is asking the court to declare the song in the public domain and force Warner/Chappell Music Inc. \u2014 the world's third-largest music publisher \u2014 to return millions of dollars in licensing fees it has collected from thousands of companies and individuals who have publicly used or sung Happy Birthday. [PAR] \"It is shocking that someone claims to own it and others therefore have to pay a fee to use it,\" Jennifer Nelson, the movie company's president, said in a statement released by her lawyers. \"I hope to return it to the public where it rightfully belongs.\" [PAR] One of Nelson's lawyers, Mark Rivkin, said as Nelson did more and more research on the song's roots, \"she got madder and madder and madder.\" [PAR] Happy Birthday generates an estimated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] JSONpedia - The Games (UK TV series) JSONpedia - The Games (UK TV series) [PAR] JSONpedia [PAR] The Games (UK TV series) [PAR] No issues detected [PAR] Abstract [PAR] The Games is a British Reality television sports game show that ran on Channel 4 for four series, in which 10 celebrities competed against each other, by doing Olympic Games-style events, such as Olympic weightlifting, gymnastics and diving. At the end of the series, the contestants with the most points from each round were awarded either a gold medal, silver medal or bronze medal. The show was mainly filmed in Sheffield, at the Sheffield Arena, Don Valley Stadium and Ponds Forge. In later series, the English Institute of Sport \u2013 Sheffield, iceSheffield and in series 4 the Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre in Nottingham were used for the first time.The Games was presented by Jamie Theakston for the entirety of its run, with track-side reports from Jayne Middlemiss in series 1\u20133 and Kirsty Gallacher in series 4.The Games also had an after-show called The Games: Live at Trackside, aired on Channel 4's sister channel E4 (TV channel). The first series was presented by Dougie Anderson, whilst the second was hosted by Gamezville presenters Darren Malcolm and Jamie Atiko. Justin Lee Collins and Caroline Flack took over as presenters for the third and fourth series. For the final series an extra one-hour show was added on E4 in the afternoon called The Games: Live at the Heats, and the evening show changed title to become The Games: Inside Track. [PAR] sections_text: [PAR] Content: [PAR] Series 1 (2003) [PAR] Content:The first series aired in 2003 and the celebrities that took part were:@an0:Steps Porter pulled out part-way through the run. A serious knee injury sustained in the judo competition against Ak\u0131n also forced Chisholm to withdraw. - BBC News, 12 September 2003 [PAR] Series 2 (2004) [PAR] Content:File:Mcromeo.jpg: The second series aired in 2004 and the celebrities that took part were:@an0:Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? [PAR] Team 2003 vs Team 2004 - Champion of Champions 2004 [PAR] Content:After the second series a special champion of champions edition, took place in which the top two male and female competitors from series one and two went head to head to compete for the title, The Games Champion of Champions. Eventually the team from 2003 won. They comprised MC Harvey, James Hewitt, Terri Dwyer and Josie D'Arby (Azra Ak\u0131n was unavailable to take part). [PAR] Series 3 (2005) [PAR] Content:The third series commenced on 25 March 2005 and the celebrities that took part were:@an0:Danny Foster@an0:Anna Walker Morris pulled out half-way through the run, and was replaced by Foster.Injuries also forced Kevin Simm out of the Sumo competition, and Craig Charles out of the speed skating and vaulting competitions. [PAR] Team 2003 vs Team 2004 vs Team 2005 \u2013 Champion of Champions 2005 [PAR] Content:After the third series, another special champion of champions edition took place in which the top two male and female competitors from Team 2003, Team 2004 and Team 2005 competed against each other in weightlifting, hammer throwing and finally the relay race. From Team 2003, James Hewitt, Harvey, Terri Dwyer and Josie D'Arby competed. From Team 2004, Romeo, Jarrod Batchelor, Katy Hill and Lady Isabella Hervey competed. From Team 2005, Kevin Simm, Philip Olivier, Lisa Maffia and Kirsty Gallacher, competed. Team 2005 narrowly beat the team from the first series overall. [PAR] Series 4 \u2013 2006 [PAR] Content:The fourth series commenced on 17 March 2006, and was presented as usual by Jamie Theakston, and track-side coverage was taken over by Series"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greens/Green Party USA The Greens/Green Party USA [PAR] Green Values: ECOLOGY \u0095 SOCIAL JUSTICE \u0095 GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY \u0095 NONVIOLENCE [PAR] Twentieth Anniversary of the American Green Movement [PAR] Twenty years ago, on August 10-12, 62 people came together in St. Paul, Minnesota on the campus of Macalester College, to found the United States' first national Green organization, the Green Committees of Correspondence. The meeting brought together activists from New York City, New England, the Missouri Ozarks, California, and other areas. Participants divided into groups of three to imagine what a future green society would be like. Words such as \"empowerment\", \"neighborliness\", \"connectedness with the earth\" and \"community\" emerged from this exercise. A shared vision seemed evident, but also differences; some which would later become major issues among American Greens. [PAR] The official report from the St. Paul conference notes that \"Several people thought we needed to work towards an independent political process, though many others argued third parties are a dead-end --.\" Thus the 'split' between \"movement and party\", between an activist and a ballot box oriented American Green movement, was present from the beginning. [PAR] The name \"Committees of Correspondence\" was chosen intentionally to \"recall the network established by grassroots democrats in the struggle for Independence --\". It was also stated that \"The Committees of Correspondence will maintain gender balance and move towards racial, ethnic and class inclusiveness.\" The meeting ended at 3:00 p.m., Sunday, August 12, 1984. [PAR] One interesting aspect of this first meeting is the participants' attempt to define \"Greenness\". The following draft definition ends the meeting's official report: [PAR] \"Green\" politics interweaves ecological wisdom, decentralization of economic and political power wherever practical, personal and social responsibility, global security, and community self-determination within the context of respect for diversity of heritage and religion. It advocates non-violent action, cooperative world order, and self-reliance.\" [PAR] Here can be seen the earliest form of today's well known Ten Key Values; a statement of principles which reflected the diverse origins of the American Green movement. [PAR] Mark Satin has posted ( radicalmiddle.com/ten_key_values.htm ), that the Ten Key Values grew out of a late night session at St. Paul led by grassroots activist Jeff Land and himself. West coast author and feminist activist Charlene Spretnak and members of Murray Bookchin's New England Institute for Social Ecology were also primary contributors. After this session, an East coast, West coast dialogue went on for several months, which ended in the release of a final version at the end of 1984 superseding the paragraph quoted above. [PAR] Greens today still debate the exact meaning of the Ten Key Values: which today are generally listed as Ecological Wisdom, Grassroots Democracy, Decentralization, Community-based Economics, Feminism, Respect for Diversity, Personal and Global responsibility, and Future Focus/Sustainability. Never-the-less, whatever any one Greens' individual interpretation, there can be no doubt that underlying the ten principles is a vision of definitely radical implication; no less than the creation of a new world from the shell of the old! [PAR] (Reprinted from Green Politics, Fall 2004) [PAR] The Greens, Past, Present and Future [PAR] Two opposed images of reality struggle for acceptance today. One is the world of happy, wealthy, zestful consumers, projected daily from corporate controlled TV screens. The other is the violence, emotional isolation, job insecurity, environmental pollution, global climate change, and resource depletion we experience-either directly or indirectly-in our actual lives. More than anything else, the Green movement is a movement to help people recognize the falseness of the first image. Once this has happened, people will began more and more to work together to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Risky Business Dance Scene - YouTube Risky Business Dance Scene - YouTube [PAR] Risky Business Dance Scene [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 13, 2008 [PAR] Tom Cruise dances to Old Time Rock and Roll by Bob Seger! Enjoy! [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Why did Tom Cruise dance in his underpants to \"Old Time ... Why did Tom Cruise dance in his underpants to \"Old Time Rock and Roll\" in Risky Business? [PAR] Follow DL on [PAR] Why did Tom Cruise dance in his underpants to \"Old Time Rock and Roll\" in Risky Business? [PAR] Wasn't that a song for old fogies? Shouldn't he have been dancing to something New Wave? [PAR] Discuss. [PAR] Because David Geffen said so. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Did no one else wonder about this? [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 2 [PAR] 01/21/2015 [PAR] It was some autoerotic ritual of freedom from bourgeois constraints. And yes, that song was corporate old fogey rock, especially for that time, with all the new music. It could have at least been The Ramones or something. But the producers were going for a mainstream, REO Speedwagon, regular people audience. [PAR] I found it embarrassing to watch. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] That is the way he dances in Geffen's bedroom. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 4 [PAR] 01/21/2015 [PAR] A little bit of research revealed that \"Old Time Rock and Roll\" was released in 1978 and Risky Business in 1983, so 5 years difference is all. [PAR] I thought it fit the scene perfectly, and even after all this time is what you immediately recall when you think of Risky Business. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Actually, Tom Cruise should've been dancing to Donna Summer, if you know what I mean. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] I never got the appeal of that movie. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 7 [PAR] 01/21/2015 [PAR] R5, it's not about when the song was released. It's written for fogeys. Listen to it again, or just read the lyrics. It's not something a college-bound kid would be listening to in his underwear. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 8 [PAR] 01/21/2015 [PAR] R7 the appeal was Tom Cruise. It was his breakout role that led to him becoming Hollywood's most bankable star. He was THE winning combination of youthful, cute, and hunky for that era. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 9 [PAR] 01/21/2015 [PAR] R8 lol, the whole movie was pretty unrealistic fluff, so... I still think the song was spot on to showcase his air guitar playing, and the beat just right for the whirling, twirling, and jumps he did. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 10 [PAR] 01/21/2015 [PAR] The film's message is repulsive. Like whoring's just a big party. No molestation, no drugs, one comical pimp. [PAR] The original ending had TC's character NOT getting into college, to be more like The Graduate, with a gloomy denouement. Of course the empty 80s producers nixed that. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 11 [PAR] 01/21/2015 [PAR] R11 you must have hated Porky's too then. It came out in '82. I howled and loved all those films. They were campy, naughty, unrealistic escapism. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] The movie is basically Americana and Idol is way to euro-androgyny for it. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 23 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Science of Word Recognition - microsoft.com The Science of Word Recognition [PAR] The Science of Word Recognition [PAR] or how I learned to stop worrying and love the bouma [PAR] [PAR] Advanced Reading Technology, Microsoft Corporation [PAR] July 2004 [PAR] Introduction [PAR] [PAR] Evidence from the last 20 years of work in cognitive psychology indicate that we use the letters within a word to recognize a word. Many typographers and other text enthusiasts I\u00e2\u20ac\u2122ve met insist that words are recognized by the outline made around the word shape. Some have used the term bouma as a synonym for word shape, though I was unfamiliar with the term. The term bouma appears in Paul Saenger\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s 1997 book Space Between Words: The Origins of Silent Reading. There I learned to my chagrin that we recognize words from their word shape and that \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Modern psychologists call this image the \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcBouma shape.\u00e2\u20ac\u2122\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd [PAR] [PAR] This paper is written from the perspective of a reading psychologist. The data from dozens of experiments all come from peer reviewed journals where the experiments are well specified so that anyone could reproduce the experiment and expect to achieve the same result. This paper was originally presented as a talk at the ATypI conference in Vancouver in September, 2003. [PAR] [PAR] The goal of this paper is to review the history of why psychologists moved from a word shape model of word recognition to a letter recognition model, and to help others to come to the same conclusion. This paper will cover many topics in relatively few pages. Along the way I will present experiments and models that I couldn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t hope to cover completely without boring the reader. If you want more details on an experiment, all of the references are at the end of the paper as well as suggested readings for those interested in more information on some topics. Most papers are widely available at academic libraries. [PAR] [PAR] I will start by describing three major categories of word recognition models: the word shape model, and serial and parallel models of letter recognition. I will present representative data that was used as evidence to support each model. After all the evidence has been presented, I will evaluate the models in terms of their ability to support the data. And finally I will describe some recent developments in word recognition and a more detailed model that is currently popular among psychologists. [PAR] [PAR] Model #1: Word Shape [PAR] [PAR] The word recognition model that says words are recognized as complete units is the oldest model in the psychological literature, and is likely much older than the psychological literature. The general idea is that we see words as a complete patterns rather than the sum of letter parts. Some claim that the information used to recognize a word is the pattern of ascending, descending, and neutral characters. Another formulation is to use the envelope created by the outline of the word. The word patterns are recognizable to us as an image because we have seen each of the patterns many times before. James Cattell (1886) was the first psychologist to propose this as a model of word recognition. Cattell is recognized as an influential founder of the field of psycholinguistics, which includes the scientific study of reading. [PAR] Figure 1: Word shape recognition using the pattern of ascending, descending, and neutral characters [PAR] characters [PAR] Figure 2: Word shape recognition using the envelope around the word [PAR] [PAR] Cattell supported the word shape model because it provided the best explanation of the available experimental evidence. Cattell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What do the colors on the Swedish flag represent ... What do the colors on the Swedish flag represent? | Reference.com [PAR] What do the colors on the Swedish flag represent? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The Swedish flag has a solid blue background with a yellow cross extending from the top to bottom and left to right of the flag. The yellow of the cross represents generosity, while the blue background symbolizes loyalty, truth and justice. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Several theories attempt to explain the source of the flag's colors. One theory suggests that the colors represent the colors of the coat of arms of either King Magnus Birgersson in 1275 or King Albert of Mecklenburg in 1364. The royal coat of arms of Sweden, which uses blue and gold, dates back to the year 1442. [PAR] The cross on the flag, which intersects the flag just to the left of its center, is reportedly from Eric the Holy, a former king of Sweden who saw a gold cross in the sky. The most recognizable symbol of Christianity, the cross is used to express Sweden's religious history and the values of its early leaders. [PAR] Earlier forms of the Swedish flag also featured a blue background and yellow cross but with varied shapes. Some were double-tailed, and versions that followed featured a triple-tailed shape. The design of the flag is based on the Danish flag, which features the same cross in red and white. Some sources say the design inspiration was based on resistance to Danish rule."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billboard Top 40 Hits (1970) at cyList Billboard Top 40 Hits (1970) at cyList [PAR] Celebrate - Three Dog Night (#15) [PAR] Check Out Your Mind - The Impressions (#28) [PAR] Closer to Home - Grand Funk Railroad (#22) [PAR] Come And Get It - Badfinger (#7) [PAR] Come Running - Van Morrison (#39) [PAR] Come Saturday Morning - The Sandpipers (#17) [PAR] Cracklin' Rosie - Neil Diamond (#1) [PAR] Cry Me A River - Joe Cocker (#11) [PAR] Daughter of Darkness - Tom Jones (#13) [PAR] Deeper and Deeper - Freda Payne (#24) [PAR] Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time) - The Delfonics (#10) [PAR] Do It - Neil Diamond (#36) [PAR] Do the Funky Chicken - Rufus Thomas (#28) [PAR] Do What You Wanna Do - Five Flights Up (#37) [PAR] Do You See My Love (for You Growing) - Jr. Walker & The All-Stars (#32) [PAR] Domino - Van Morrison (#9) [PAR] Don't Play That Song (You Lied) - Aretha Franklin (#11) [PAR] Easy Come, Easy Go - Bobby Sherman (#9) [PAR] El Condor Pasa - Simon & Garfunkel (#18) [PAR] The End of Our Road - Marvin Gaye (#40) [PAR] Engine Number 9 - Wilson Pickett (#14) [PAR] Everybody's Got the Right to Love - The Supremes (#21) [PAR] Everybody's Out of Town - B.J. Thomas (#26) [PAR] Everybody Is A Star - Sly And Family Stone (#1) [PAR] Everything Is Beautiful - Ray Stevens (#1) [PAR] Everything's Tuesday - Chairmen of the Board (#38) [PAR] Evil Ways - Santana (#9) [PAR] Evil Woman Don't Play Your Games With Me - Crow (#19) [PAR] Express Yourself - Charles Wright & The Watts 103rd St. Rhythm Band (#12) [PAR] Fancy - Bobbie Gentry (#31) [PAR] Fire and Rain - James Taylor (#3) [PAR] For the Good Times - Ray Price (#11) [PAR] For the Love of Him - Bobbi Martin (#13) [PAR] For You Blue - The Beatles (#1) [PAR] Games - Redeye (#27) [PAR] Get Ready - Rare Earth (#4) [PAR] Get Up I Feel Like Being Like a Sex Machine (Part 1) - James Brown (#15) [PAR] Gimme Dat Ding - The Pipkins (#9) [PAR] Give Me Just a Little More Time - Chairmen of the Board (#3) [PAR] Go Back - Crabby Appleton (#36) [PAR] God, Love and Rock & Roll - Teegarden & Van Winkle (#22) [PAR] Gotta Hold on to This Feeling - Jr. Walker & The All-Stars (#21) [PAR] Green-Eyed Lady - Sugarloaf (#3) [PAR] Groovy Situation - Gene Chandler (#12) [PAR] Gypsy Woman - Brian Hyland (#3) [PAR] Hand Me Down World - The Guess Who (#17) [PAR] He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother - Neil Diamond (#20) [PAR] He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother - The Hollies (#7) [PAR] Heaven Help Us All - Stevie Wonder (#9) [PAR] Heed the Call - Kenny Rogers & The First Edition (#33) [PAR] Hello Darlin' - Conway Twitty (#1) [PAR] Hey Lawdy Mama - Steppenwolf (#35) [PAR] Hey, Mister Sun - Bobby Sherman (#24) [PAR] Hey There Lonely Girl - Eddie Holman (#2) [PAR] Hi-De-Ho - Blood, Sweat & Tears (#14) [PAR] Hitchin' a Ride - Vanity Fare (#5) [PAR] Honey Come Back - Glen Campbell (#19) [PAR] The House Of the Rising Sun - Frijid Pink (#7) [PAR] I Ain't Got Time Anymore - The Glass Bottle (#36) [PAR] I Am Somebody (Part 2) - Johnnie Taylor (#39) [PAR] I Found That Girl - The Jackson Five [PAR] I Just Can't Help Believing - B.J. Thomas (#9) [PAR] (I Know) I'm Losing You - Rare Earth (#7) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anita Baker - Frosty's Rag Lyrics | MetroLyrics Anita Baker - Frosty's Rag Lyrics | MetroLyrics [PAR] Frosty's Rag Lyrics [PAR] New! Highlight lyrics to add Meanings, Special Memories, and Misheard Lyrics... [PAR] Submit Corrections Cancel [PAR] He's a jolly happy soul [PAR] Got a corncob pipe, cute button nose [PAR] Got two eyes made out of coal [PAR] Frosty the Snowman [PAR] Is a fairytale they say [PAR] He was made of snow [PAR] But all the girls know [PAR] How he came to life one day [PAR] Must have been some magic [PAR] In that old silk hat we found [PAR] When we placed it on his head [PAR] Sure he began to dance around [PAR] And Frosty the Snowman [PAR] Was alive as he could be [PAR] And all the girls say [PAR] He could laugh and play [PAR] Just the same as you and me [PAR] Frosty the Snowman [PAR] Knew the sun was hot that day [PAR] He said girl, let's run [PAR] Come on, let's have some fun [PAR] Now before I melt away [PAR] He led them down the streets of town [PAR] Right to the traffic cop [PAR] He only paused one moment [PAR] When all the girls just cheer, \"Ooh\" [PAR] Frosty the Snowman [PAR] Had to hurry on his way [PAR] But he waved bye bye [PAR] Ladies don't you cry [PAR] I'll be back again some day [PAR] Ooh, mercy [PAR] What should I say, miss? [PAR] Beaucoup [PAR] Oh, he led them down the streets of town [PAR] Right to the traffic cop [PAR] He only paused one moment [PAR] When all the girls just cheer, \"Ooh\" [PAR] Frosty, stop [PAR] Had to hurry on his way [PAR] But he waved bye bye [PAR] Said Anita, don't you cry [PAR] I'll be back, oh baby baby [PAR] I'll be back some day [PAR] Gonna get you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1942 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1942 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Actor: [PAR] JAMES CAGNEY in [PAR] \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\" , Ronald Colman in \"Random Harvest\", Gary Cooper in \"The Pride of the Yankees\", Walter Pidgeon in \"Mrs. Miniver\", Monty Woolley in \"The Pied Piper\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] GREER GARSON in \"Mrs. Miniver\", Bette Davis in \"Now, Voyager\" , Katharine Hepburn in \"Woman of the Year\", Rosalind Russell in \"My Sister Eileen\", Teresa Wright in \"The Pride of the Yankees\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] VAN HEFLIN in \"Johnny Eager\", William Bendix in \"Wake Island\", Walter Huston in [PAR] \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\" , Frank Morgan in \"Tortilla Flat\", Henry Travers in \"Mrs. Miniver\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] TERESA WRIGHT in \"Mrs. Miniver\", Gladys Cooper in \"Now, Voyager\" , Agnes Moorehead in [PAR] \"The Magnificent Ambersons\" , Susan Peters in \"Random Harvest\", Dame May Whitty in \"Mrs. Miniver\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] WILLIAM WYLER for \"Mrs. Miniver\", Michael Curtiz for [PAR] \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\" , John Farrow for \"Wake Island\", Mervyn LeRoy for \"Random Harvest\", Sam Wood for \"Kings Row\" [PAR] The country was in the midst of World War II, and many of the awards (and the themes of the films of 1942) reflected the country's pre-occupation with the war or the conflict. Some of the nominated 1942 films with propagandistic war themes included Mrs. Miniver, [PAR] Yankee Doodle Dandy , Wake Island, The Invaders, The Pied Piper, To the Shores of Tripoli, This Above All, and The Fleet's In, to name a few. [PAR] The Best Picture winner, Mrs. Miniver was an influential film that helped to contribute to the Allied effort. The intense British melodrama was the story of a brave, upper middle class British family (headed by Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon) struggling during the war with the parents separated. In particular, it provided a picture of a courageous English woman who met the demands of wartime. The film ended with the oratorical words of the vicar (Henry Wilcoxon): \"This is the people's war! It is our war! We are the fighters. Fight it then. Fight it with all that is in us. And may God defend the right!\" [PAR] Director William Wyler's Mrs. Miniver, adapted from Jan Struther's series of articles, was nominated with twelve nominations in all the major categories and won six Academy Awards - Best Picture, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best B/W Cinematography, Best Director, and Best Screenplay (to four writers, one being James Hilton who had written many other novels that became famous films, including Lost Horizon (1937) , Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939) , and Random Harvest (1942)). [PAR] The film garnered Oscar nominations and/or wins in all four acting categories. [It was the first film in Academy history to receive five acting nominations.] The Miniver family consisted of the architect husband, played by Walter Pidgeon (nominated for Best Actor), joined by his indomitable wife Greer Garson (nominated for Best Actress for the title role), and their daughter-in-law Carol Beldon (Teresa Wright, nominated for Best Supporting Actress). Both Pidgeon and Garson had appeared as a popular romantic film couple before, most recently in the Best Picture-nominated film Blossoms in the Dust (1941). Pidgeon and Garson would appear in many more films together as husband-wife. Henry Travers and Dame May Whitty were nominated for supporting roles as Mr. Ballard and as the village matriarch Lady Beldon (co-star Teresa Wright's grandmother). [PAR] The defeated Best Picture nominees in 1942 included: [PAR] director Orson Welles' second film - the badly mutilated film by RKO, adapted from a Booth Tarkington novel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Do They Know It's Christmas? by Band Aid Songfacts Do They Know It's Christmas? by Band Aid Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] This is a charity single organized by Bob Geldof, who was the lead singer of The Boomtown Rats. He got the idea after watching a BBC documentary on famine in Ethiopia. Geldof wrote the lyrics and Midge Ure from the band Ultravox wrote the music and produced the track, which was no easy task since so many voices were involved. [PAR] In England, and much of the Northern Hemisphere, snow and numerous displays leave no doubt that Christmas is near. In most of Africa, however, it's quite warm on December 25, since it's summer there. This song asks us to think of those who are living in poverty and hunger in Africa during the Christmas season, reminding us that they might not even know it's Christmas. While the sentiment and melody are full of good tidings, the lyrics are quite bleak: \"The Christmas bells that ring there are the clanging chimes of doom.\" [PAR] Most of this song was recorded and mixed over a 24-hour period on Sunday, November 25, 1984. Sting and Simon LeBon had recorded their parts ahead of time, but everyone else came that day. [PAR] None of the vocalists heard the song before they arrived, so they learned their parts by listening to a guide vocal producer Midge Ure created, then recorded them. With such a tight schedule, there was no time to quibble. In the Songfacts interview with Ure , he said that this time constraint helped the effort. \"Sometimes, that kind of pressure gets you to create something magical, gets you to eliminate the liberations that you end up having in the studio,\" he said. \"We just had to nail it and get on with it. Get the vocal track from everyone that was acceptable. As it turns out, a lot of the vocal tracks were exceptional.\" [PAR] The performers who sang verses were, in order: Paul Young, Boy George, George Michael, Simon Le Bon, and Bono. The chorus included David Bowie, Phil Collins, Paul McCartney, Geldof, Ure and many other artists who weren't given a verse but sang the \"Feed The World\" part and lent their images to the effort by appearing in the promotional photo. Check out the Band Aid photo with list of performers . [PAR] The artists were not all friends, but they set aside their differences and were at least cordial to each other during the recording - with one exception. In the book I Want My MTV, George Michael said: \"The only person who didn't succumb to the charitable nature of the day was Paul Weller, who decided to have a go at me in front of everybody. I said, 'Don't be a wanker all your life. Have a day off.'\" [PAR] In the UK, this became the best-selling single ever. Elton John's \" Candle In The Wind '97 \" currently holds that record. [PAR] Not everyone in the UK was a fan, however. Morrissey told Time Out in 1985 that the project was \"diabolical,\" adding: \"It was the most self-righteous platform ever in the history of popular music.\" [PAR] This was the first of the big group charity efforts among musicians. A year later, US artists released \" We Are The World ,\" and Geldof helped organize Live Aid. Other charity singles that followed include \" Sun City \" and \" That's What Friends Are For .\" [PAR] The single raised $14 million for famine relief in Africa. Geldof is Irish, so he cannot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u201cJingle Bells\u201d | Yule Laugh, Yule Cry: 10 Things You Didn ... \u201cJingle Bells\u201d | Yule Laugh, Yule Cry: 10 Things You Didn\u2019t Know About Beloved Holiday Songs | TIME.com [PAR] Yule Laugh, Yule Cry: 10 Things You Didn\u2019t Know About Beloved Holiday Songs [PAR] By Wook Kim Dec. 14, 2012 [PAR] Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum [PAR] Part of the harmonica and bell set carried by astronauts Walter \"Wally\" Schirra and Tom Stafford aboard Gemini VI in December 1965. [PAR] Long associated with wintry Christmas cheer, \u201cJingle Bells\u201d was originally written for a Thanksgiving celebration. [PAR] In 1857, James Lord Pierpont, an organist at a Unitarian church in Savannah, Georgia, published the music and lyrics to a song he had written, \u201cThe One Horse Open Sleigh.\u201d The song was first performed during a Thanksgiving concert at the church\u2014but many maintain that it was written as early as 1850, when Pierpont lived in the village of Medford, Massachusetts. (In fact, a longstanding, and rather civil war, has been waged between these two towns over the \u201creal\u201d birthplace of the song.) [PAR] The song was re-published in 1857 and was given the title we all know today. Neither version made any impression on the public\u2014it took several generations for \u201cJingle Bells\u201d to become a holiday favorite. [PAR] BONUS FACTOID: \u201cJingle Bells\u201d holds the distinction of being the first song broadcast from space. On December 16, 1965, the crew of Gemini 6 reported seeing a \u201cred-suited\u201d astronaut (in \u201cpolar orbit\u201d) before serenading Mission Control with a spirited (and charmingly tuneless) performance with bells and a harmonica they smuggled onboard their spacecraft.[DOC] [TLE] Jingle Bells Christmas song started as a drinking song ... Jingle Bells Christmas song started as a drinking song written by a 'jerk' - British Columbia - CBC News [PAR] Jingle Bells Christmas song started as a drinking song written by a 'jerk' [PAR] The truth about Jingle Bells - drag racing, drunk driving, a deadbeat dad and conspiracy theories [PAR] By Daybreak South, CBC News [PAR] Posted: Dec 16, 2014 7:16 PM PT Last Updated: Dec 18, 2014 5:00 PM PT [PAR] James Pierpont, the man credited with composing Jingle Bells in Medford, Mass. (Wikipedia) [PAR] Medford Historical Society [PAR] (Note: CBC does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of external links.) [PAR] Here's the truth about Jingle Bells. It's not a Christmas song \u2014 it's a Thanksgiving song. It's not a jolly family song \u2014 it's a drinking song. It's at the centre of a nasty dispute, and it was written by a 'jerk'. [PAR] The real story of Jingle Bells starts on the banks of the Mystic River in New England, just upstream from Boston, in Medford, Mass. [PAR] If you walk along High Street, and stop at Rosetti Optical, you'll find a plaque, which reads [PAR] Jingle Bells composed here. [PAR] On this site stood the Simpson Tavern, where in 1850, James Pierpont wrote the song Jingle Bells. [PAR] A plaque marks the spot in Medford, Mass. where Jingle Bells was composed by James Pierpont. (Medford Historical Society) [PAR] Kyna Hamill, professor of literature at Boston University and vice-president of the Medford Historical Society , spoke to Daybreak South's Chris Walker about the origins of Jingle Bells. [PAR] As you might expect, the story begins with a one-horse open sleigh. [PAR] \"Medford is home to a series of sleigh races that used to occur on a street called Salem Street, and because of this event, which pretty much happened in the middle of the 19th century, these sleigh races \u2014"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walking In The Air (from: The Snowman) - YouTube Walking In The Air (from: The Snowman) - YouTube [PAR] Walking In The Air (from: The Snowman) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 17, 2008 [PAR] I want to thank everyone for watching this video and for sharing the wonderful memories you have when watching it. Love! [PAR] ***** [PAR] The song 'Walking In The Air' from the animated short 'The Snowman' by Raymond Briggs. It was written by Howard Blake and in this recording sung by Peter Auty. [PAR] Want to know more?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Twelve Days of Christmas - Song, Myth, and Reality The Twelve Days of Christmas - Song, Myth, and Reality [PAR] Twelve drummers drumming [PAR] The Twelve Days of Christmas: A Catholic Catechism? [PAR] But wait! There's more. In 1995, Fr. Hal Stockert, a Byzantine Catholic priest from Granville, New York, published a short piece on the website of the Catholic Information Network entitled The Twelve Days of Christmas: An Underground Catechism . Father Stockert claimed that the \"delightful nonsense rhyme set to music . . . had a quite serious purpose when it was written.\" Referring to the years 1558-1829, when the practice of Catholicism was officially outlawed in England, Father Stockert claimed to have uncovered evidence that \"'The Twelve Days of Christmas' was written in England as one of the 'catechism songs' to help young Catholics learn the tenets of their faith.\" Each of the gifts, Father Stockert declared, represented one of the truths of the Catholic Faith: [PAR] 1 patridge in a pear tree = Jesus Christ , the Son of God [PAR] 2 turtledoves = the Old and New Testaments [PAR] 3 French hens = the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity [PAR] 4 calling birds [sic] = the four gospels and/or the four evangelists ( Matthew , Mark , Luke , and John ) [PAR] 5 golden rings = the first five books of the Old Testament [PAR] 6 geese a-laying = the six days of creation [PAR] 10 lords a-leaping = the Ten Commandments [PAR] 11 pipers piping = the 11 faithful disciples (minus Judas, who betrayed Christ) [PAR] 12 drummers drumming = the 12 points of doctrine in the Apostles' Creed [PAR] The Twelve Days of Christmas: An Urban Legend? [PAR] There's only one problem: As David Emery, the expert at About Urban Legends, explains in Is 'The Twelve Days of Christmas' an Underground Catechism Song? , Father Stockert had no evidence to back up his claims. As Father Stockert correctly notes, \"to be caught with anything in *writing* indicating adherence to the Catholic faith could not only get you imprisoned, it could get you hanged, or shortened by a head\u2014or hanged, drawn and quartered,\" yet almost all of the points of doctrine that young Catholic children supposedly needed \"The Twelve Days of Christmas\" to help them memorize were shared with the Anglican Church . Moreover, there are glaring errors in Father Stockert's list: He uses the mistaken \"calling birds,\" which conveniently matches up with the four evangelists, while the correct \"collie birds\" does not; and the Catholic Church recognizes 12 fruits of the Holy Spirit, not nine. [PAR] For more information on why we can be sure \"The Twelve Days of Christmas\" was not an \"underground catechism song,\" see David Emery's article and a similar piece (though with additional information) at Snopes.com . Called to document his claims, and finding himself unable to do so, Father Stockert himself eventually added a P.S. to his article: [PAR] P.S. It has come to our attention that this tale is made up of both fact and fiction. Hopefully it will be accepted in the spirit it was written. As an encouragement to people to keep their faith alive, when it is easy, and when any outward expressions of their faith could mean their life. Today there are still people living under similar conditions, may this tale give them courage, and determination to use any creative means at their disposal to keep their faith alive. [PAR] The Twelve Days of Christmas: A Season of Feasts [PAR] Despite Father Stockert's own acknowledgment of his"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TITANIC-TITANIC.com | Titanic Timeline Titanic Timeline [PAR] Captain Edward John Smith was born on this day in Hanley, Staffordshire. [PAR] December 12th, 1862 [PAR] Joseph Bruce Ismay was born on this day in Waterloo, Merseyside. [PAR] January, 18th, 1868 [PAR] Thomas Henry Ismay purchases the struggling White Star Line , which operated traditional sailing vessels centred mainly on the diminishing Australian gold rush trade. [PAR] 1869 [PAR] Thomas Henry Ismay creates the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company, the house flag of which is the familiar burgee of the White Star Line , a red background with a five-pointed white star in the centre. The formation of this company is the beginning of Ismay's dream of providing a top quality service to the United States and Canada. [PAR] 1869 - 1870 [PAR] Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff begin construction of Oceanic , the first of many fine ships for the fledgling White Star Line . It's the beginning of a long and fruitful period between the owners and the builders. [PAR] September 21st, 1872 [PAR] Chief Officer Henry Tingle Wilde was born on this day in Liverpool, England. [PAR] February 7th, 1873 [PAR] Chief Designer of the Olympic-class liners , Thomas Andrews , was born on this day. [PAR] February 28th, 1873 [PAR] First Officer William McMaster Murdoch was born on this day in Dalbeattie, Scotland. [PAR] March 30th, 1874 [PAR] Second Officer Charles Herbert Lightoller was born on this day in Chorley, England. [PAR] November, 20th, 1877 [PAR] Third Officer Herbert John Pitman was born on this day in Somerset, England. [PAR] November 21st, 1882 [PAR] Fifth Officer Harold Godfrey Lowe was born on this day in Conway, Wales. [PAR] March 23rd, 1884 [PAR] Fourth Officer Joseph Groves Boxhall was born on this day in Hull, England. [PAR] August 21st, 1887 [PAR] Sixth Officer James Paul Moody was born on this day in Scarborough, England. [PAR] 1891 [PAR] Joseph Bruce Ismay , son of Thomas Henry, joins the White Star Line as a partner. [PAR] 1894 [PAR] William J. Pirrie is made chairman of Harland and Wolff . [PAR] 1898 [PAR] Morgan Robertson publishes Futility , a novel about an ocean liner, the Titan, which sinks on the North Atlantic on her maiden voyage after a collision with an iceberg . The book bears many spookily-similar aspects to the sinking of the Titanic. [PAR] November 23rd, 1899 [PAR] Thomas Henry Ismay died at his Dawpool home, leaving the way clear for his son Joseph Bruce Ismay to take over the running of the White Star Line . [PAR] 1902 [PAR] The White Star Line is taken-over by American financier J. Pierpoint Morgan. His shipping trust, the International Mercantile Marine (I.M.M.), now effectively runs the company. [PAR] 1904 [PAR] Joseph Bruce Ismay becomes president of J. Pierpoint Morgan's I.M.M., and is allowed complete control, such is Morgan's respect for Ismay . [PAR] 1907 [PAR] William J. Pirrie invites Joseph Bruce Ismay to his London residence, Downshire House, for a dinner party, the purpose of which is to discuss the construction of two massive new ocean-liners for the White Star Line . Pirrie and Ismay hope the Olympic-class liners will rival Cunard's transatlantic speedsters, Mauretania & Lusitania, not for speed, but for opulence and grandeur. [PAR] July 1908 [PAR] White Star Line officially approve the design of the Olympic-class liners with Harland and Wolff . The initial order of two ships will be followed by a third in time. Because of the huge size of these mammoth new vessels, Harland and Wolff have to build huge new slip ways to accommodate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ted Crilly - Father Ted Wiki - Wikia Ted Crilly | Father Ted Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Ted Crilly is the title character and one of the main characters of the Irish sitcom Father Ted . He was played by the late Irish comedian Dermot Morgan . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Early life [PAR] Ted was born sometime around the mid-20th century in Ireland. Not much is known about his childhood, however he did study theology at the seminary, St. Colm's. He seemed to be bullied by the other priests there, being teased for wetting the bed and being given the nickname Father Fluffybottom due to some downy fluff growing around his posterior. He eventually graduated and entered into the priesthood. Ted was banished to Craggy Island as punishment from Bishop Brennan for stealing a child's Lourdes money so he could go to Las Vegas, he escaped charges but was still punished by Brennan, Ted always maintains the money was just resting in his account, he was to remain on the island til all the money had been accounted for. [PAR] In Are You Right There Father Ted? he is sent to a Parish in Castlelawn, Dublin this suggests the money had been accounted for but due to irregularities discovered in his expenses he was then taken back to Craggy Island [PAR] Before being taken to Craggy island he was stationed in a Wexford Parish [PAR] Life on Craggy Island [PAR] When Ted arrived on the island, he met Father Jack Hackett , an elderly, drunken priest, Father Dougal McGuire , an incredibly dim-witted idiot and Mrs. Doyle , the tea-obsessed housekeeper. Ted was always unhappy on the island, surrounded by eccentrics and people he didn't respect. He has been told that he will only leave the island if all the money that he stole has been accounted for, however, this is unlikely to ever happen. He and Dougal slowly grew towards each other, and, despite their bickering, Ted admitted that he and Dougal were friends. Ted stayed on the island for at least three years, and possibly over nine years (Father Crilly claims that Father Stone has been visiting Craggy Island Parochial House for 6 years in Season One) [PAR] Physical description [PAR] Ted has a mane of Silver Grey hair and often wears a Black suit with a white shirt though sometimes he wears a Grey top [PAR] Although never seen, Ted has some 'downy fluff' growing around his posterior, which causes him great embarrassment and was teased about it whilst at St. Colm's. When asked of he ever shaved it off, Ted said that he couldn't get a razor that reaches far enough. [PAR] Character Biography [PAR] Ted is a cunning and disingenuous character, Ted is always willing to help out when trouble arises but on occasion will also think of a way to get himself or others out of trouble when the times comes, Ted fears Bishop Brennan for reasons unknown, in Flight Into Terror its revealed he has a fear of flying. Ted's family is rarely or hardly referenced though he has mentioned of his brother he went on to become a Doctor and was considered the favorite son of the two whilst he (Ted) went on to become a priest [PAR] He has a rivalry with Dick Byrne the the Rugged Island Priest, the two at times take part in competitions to compete against each other these include entering Eurosong 1996, the over 75s football match, the giving things up competition (Dick tricked Ted into giving things up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] X-Rated Academy Awards! Obscure Oscar Trivia! Oscar\u2019s ... X-Rated Academy Awards! Obscure Oscar Trivia! Oscar\u2019s Thirteen \u201cX-Rated\u201d Nominations! \u2013 johnrieber [PAR] Best Supporting Actress Sylvia Miles [PAR] Best Film Editing [PAR] \u201cMidnight Cowboy\u201d took home three Academy Awards in 1969, including: [PAR] Best Screenplay Waldo Salt [PAR] Best Director John Schlesinger [PAR] Best Picture Of The Year! [PAR] \u201cMidnight Cowboy\u201d is the only X-rated film to ever win Best Picture, but it\u2019s NOT the only one ever nominated! Here\u2019s the other: [PAR] Check Out These Provocative Opening Lines! [PAR] \u201cThere was me, that is Alex, and my three droogs, that is Pete, Georgie, and Dim, and we sat in the Korova Milkbar trying to make up our rassoodocks what to do with the evening. The Korova milkbar sold milk-plus, milk plus vellocet or synthemesc or drencrom, which is what we were drinking. This would sharpen you up and make you ready for a bit of the old ultra-violence.\u201d [PAR] A Clockwork Orange [PAR] 2 years after \u201cMidnight Cowboy\u201d won Best Picture, Stanley Kubrick\u2019s nightmarish vision of the future shocked audiences and captured four Academy Award nominations. [PAR] Check out this provocative trailer: [PAR] \u201cA Clockwork Orange\u201d was based on the futuristic novel by Anthony Burgess. In future Britain, charismatic delinquent Alex DeLarge terrorizes respectable society, along with this three \u201cDroogs\u201d\u2026 [PAR] Once jailed, Alex volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society\u2019s crime problem\u2026 but not all goes to plan. \u201cA Clockwork Orange\u201d is a brilliant movie, but very tough to watch in parts\u2026if you haven\u2019t yet seen it \u2013 you really don\u2019t know what you are in for, and you have been warned. [PAR] The film was nominated for Best Picture (losing to the equally brilliant \u201cThe French Connection\u201d) \u2013 and Stanley Kubrick was nominated for Best Director and Best Screenplay \u2013 the fourth nomination was for Best Film Editing. [PAR] The Stones As Droogs! [PAR] According to IMDB, which always has terrific trivia, the novel\u2019s Author Anthony Burgess originally sold the movie rights to Mick Jagger for $500 when he needed quick cash. Jagger intended to make it with The Rolling Stones as the droogs, but then re-sold the rights. [PAR] During the filming of the scene where Alex is forced to watch ultra-violence, star Malcolm McDowell scratched one of his corneas and was temporarily blinded. He also suffered cracked ribs during filming of the humiliation stage show. [PAR] Both \u201cMidnight Cowboy\u201d and \u201cA Clockwork Orange\u201d are brilliant movies that have stood the test of time. The last nomination for an X-rated movie came, not for Best Picture, but for the directing and acting in the equally provocative \u201cLast Tango In Paris\u201d. [PAR] \u201cGo, get the butter.\u201d [PAR] It is one of film history\u2019s most legendary lines \u2013 spoken by one of its most controversial Actors \u2013 check out this moody, atmospheric trailer: [PAR] Brilliant Brando! [PAR] In the 1970\u2019s, Marlon Brando made some brilliant movies \u2013 before he went off the rails in the 80\u2019s\u2026let\u2019s look at his performance in this controversial, erotic drama\u2026 [PAR] While looking for an apartment, Jeanne, a beautiful young Parisienne, encounters Paul, a mysterious American expatriate mourning his wife\u2019s recent suicide. Instantly drawn to each other, they have a stormy, passionate affair, in which they do not reveal their names to each other. [PAR] \u201cBeauty of mine, sit before me. Let me peruse you and remember you\u2026 always like this.\u201d [PAR] Those words are spoken by Brando to the beautiful young woman he pursues. Maria Schneider stars with Brando, and she is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An Eye for an Eye, Part 1 - Grace to You An Eye for an Eye, Part 1 [PAR] Your selection (topic) has been submitted. We appreciate your help. [PAR] An Eye for an Eye, Part 1 [PAR] Matthew 5:38 August 12, 1979 2223 [PAR] High Quality Audio Right-click (Control-click on the Mac) and select 'Save As...' or similar [PAR] Low Quality Audio Right-click (Control-click on the Mac) and select 'Save As...' or similar [PAR] We're continuing our study of Matthew, and this is message number 44 in our series; we've had such a wonderful time. We've been doing it on Sunday nights, and in the last two weeks, have moved to Sunday morning for our study of Matthew. We come this morning to a very potent, insightful, and misunderstood passage of Scripture: Matthew 5:38-42. [PAR] \"You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.' But I tell you not to resist evil. But whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also. If anyone wants to sue you and take away your tunic, let him have your cloak also. And whoever compels you to go one mile, go with him two. Give to him who asks you, and from him who wants to borrow from you do not turn away.\" [PAR] One element of the great American philosophy of life is that we all have certain inalienable rights. We're big on rights; in fact, maybe we've never been bigger on rights than we are nowadays in our society. We are hyper-conscious of our rights. We have had movements for civil rights, women's rights, children's rights, prisoners' rights; we have unions to demand rights for the employees. We are very conscious of our rights. In fact, it is not uncommon in our society to hear someone say, \"You'll never get away with that. You can't do that to me. I'll get even.\" [PAR] The other night, I was driving home with my family and we pulled onto the freeway, and apparently pulled in front of someone a little more closely than I thought. I didn't think I hit him, but apparently, I dented his psyche. So for the next five miles, he was behind me, flashing his bright lights on and off, and honking. That was him demanding his right to a certain area of the freeway upon which no one was allowed to infringe. [PAR] Deep down in the human heart is a retaliatory, vengeful, spiteful spirit; it's part of the curse of sin and it's there in all of us. It comes out in the most strange ways. I'll always remember the story of the bride and groom who got married in the horse and buggy days. They rode off on their honeymoon, and the horse bolted, and the guy said, \"That's one.\" The horse bolted again, and he said, \"That's two.\" The horse bolted yet again, and he said, \"That's three,\" and took out a gun and killed the horse. His wife said, \"That's terrible; you can't do that!\" He said, \"That's one.\" [PAR] Deep down in the human heart is this retaliatory, get even kind of spirit. Frankly, in our society, we make heroes out of the kind of people who take nothing from nobody, who don't stand any guff. They are the strong, the tough, the courageous, and the macho; and our society looks down on the meek and the non-retaliating, the gentle, the forgiving, the gracious, the merciful person who demands nothing from anyone, and we say he's a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Perdita - Disney Wiki - Wikia Perdita | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cThe most beautiful creature on four legs!\u201d [PAR] \u2015Pongo on Perdita [PAR] Perdita is the female protagonist of the 1961 Disney animated feature film, One Hundred and One Dalmatians . She is the pet of Anita , wife of Pongo , and the mother of 15 Dalmatian puppies and adoptive mother of 84 more puppies. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Personality [PAR] Perdita is very well mannered, elegant and radiant; a complete foil to Pongo's goofy nature. She is also rather stern and appears to be a tad more prominent when it comes to disciplining her children, as well as the rascally Pongo. [PAR] Despite her well-coordinated nature, Perdita tends to be incredibly worrisome in hectic situations and prefers to avoid oncoming conflict by leaving the scene, as shown when Cruella visits. She is also rather observant and appears able to sense nearby danger, being the only one to expect Cruella's villainy even before the kidnapping of her children. A complete contrast to the optimistic Pongo, Perdita's worries can often escalate to pessimism, only to be put to rest by the always headstrong and relentless Pongo. [PAR] Even so, Perdita is a fierce warrior, and will jump into battle in the situation calls for it. Like Pongo, her primary concerns are her puppies. As such, she has shown to willingly abandon her usual guidelines of self-composure for the sake of her family. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] One Hundred and One Dalmatians [PAR] Perdita in the original film. [PAR] In the original film, Pongo is searching for mates for himself and his pet Roger Radcliffe . Pongo is close to giving up when he spots Perdita and her pet, Anita . Pongo rushes to the park to follow them. Perdita spots Pongo and is seemingly attracted to him, but tries to look as if she doesn't notice him. Perdita and Anita soon leave and Pongo tries a trick to attract their attention. At first, it seems as if it failed, Perdita was mad at Pongo for making her owner, Anita wet. But as Roger and Anita talk more they fall in love. Perdita falls in love with Pongo as well. [PAR] Perdita soon becomes pregnant with puppies, but when the family gets a visit from Cruella De Vil she becomes frightened, referring to Cruella as \"that devil woman.\" Perdita hides but is able to hear Cruella's desire for the puppies. Perdita regrets having puppies due to the fact that Cruella wants them. Unfortunately for Perdita, the puppies arrived three weeks later, where it is revealed that she has had fifteen puppies. She is tired afterward but is relieved to hear from Pongo that the puppies are safe thanks to Roger. The puppies grow and are shown watching their favorite show with their parents. Perdita is seen interacting with her various puppies: telling Lucky to get down from the TV, reminding Rolly that they just had dinner, and scolding Patch for his coarse language. [PAR] After the puppies are put to bed, Pongo and Perdita go on a walk with their respective owners. During their absence, the puppies were kidnapped by Cruella's henchman Jasper and Horace . Pongo and Perdita realize that neither the humans nor Scotland Yard will find their puppies, and take it upon themselves to rescue their children. They use the twilight bark, a canine gossip chain, to spread the news of their stolen puppies. Later, they receive an answer and learn that their puppies are at Hell Hall, Cruella's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minsk, capital city of Belarus Minsk, capital city of Belarus [PAR] All... [PAR] Minsk, capital city of Belarus [PAR] Minsk is a mind-blowing city that can only be described as communist chic. The capital feels more Soviet than European, locals still talk about spies and the KGB building dominates the landscape. The military and police are ubiquitous around the city, but so are slick new nightclubs, sushi bars and cafes. Minsk is permeated by an almost-tangible pride, the result of triumphantly overcoming the Soviet heyday. [PAR] The Belarus National Arts Museum is a great place to begin your exploration of the city. It is the country's largest museum, featuring over 27,000 works of art in twenty different galleries. Half the museum is dedicated to Belarusian artists while the other half celebrates international works. The Nazis thoroughly looted the collection during the Second World War, but what remains is an impressive testament to Belarusian art and culture. [PAR] Belarus is home to numerous beautiful Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. One of the most stunning is the Cathedral of the Saint Virgin Mary, built in 1710. Heavily damaged by fire in the late 18th-century and later subject to German and Soviet ownership, the church was renewed once it returned to the Roman Catholics in 1997. The original frescoes were recently restored, and the church remains one of Minsk's most important landmarks. [PAR] The oldest church in the capital, the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Church, stems back to 1613. Superbly restored in the last ten years, the church is a remarkable example of early Belarusian architecture. [PAR] Visitors can walk through the country's turbulent history at the Belarus National Museum of History and Culture. The information panels are only in Belarusian, but it is not hard to find an English-speaking guide in the city. The collection spans the country's history from ancient times to the present day, featuring folk costumes, manuscripts, agricultural instruments, ritual artifacts and more. [PAR] Scores of Soviet soldiers from Belarus were killed in the Afghan war from 1979 until 1989. Their sacrifice is commemorated at the Isle of Tears, a haunting memorial only accessible by a small footbridge in Minsk's Old Town. The chapel features grave images of widows, mothers and sisters grieving their losses, and a nearby fountain of an angel cries teardrops. [PAR] A walk through the Palats Mastatsva reveals the city's hipper side. Visitors to the district can really get a feel for the city while browsing book stalls, people-watching from park benches, haggling with antique sellers or admiring modern art. [PAR] The modern side of Minsk is most obvious at the National Library of Belarus, an architectural wonder, was built in 1992. The massive collection includes nearly 10 million documents and books and is Belarus's largest collection. More than 2,000 visitors can find quiet places to read in the library's 22 floors, and the public observation deck offers unbeatable views of the city. [PAR] The National Academic Big Opera and Ballet Theatre of the Republic of Belarus is the city's cultural heart. Locals shorten the name to just the \u00ecOpierny Teatr,\u00ee and the compound and its park are worth a visit whether you have a ticket for a performance or not. [PAR] Minsk Geographical Location [PAR] Minsk is located in the center of Belarus on the Svislach and Nemiga rivers. [PAR] The population of Minsk is approximately 1,850,000 people. [PAR] Minsk Language [PAR] Belarusian and Russian are the official languages of Belarus with Russian being the most common. [PAR] Minsk Predominant Religion [PAR] 80% Eastern Orthodox [PAR] 20% Other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ganymede: Facts About Jupiter's Largest Moon - Space.com Ganymede: Facts About Jupiter's Largest Moon [PAR] Ganymede: Facts About Jupiter's Largest Moon [PAR] By Kim Zimmermann | [PAR] June 15, 2016 10:53am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft snapped this color image of Jupiter's moon Ganymede, the largest satellite in the solar system, on July 7, 1979 from a distance of 745,000 miles (1.2 million kilometers). [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the largest satellite in the solar system. Larger than Mercury and Pluto, and only slightly smaller than Mars, it would easily be classified as a planet if were orbiting the sun rather than Jupiter. [PAR] The moon likely has a salty ocean underneath its icy surface, making it a potential location for life. The European Space Agency plans a mission to Jupiter's icy moons that in 2030, is planned to arrive and put special emphasis on observing Ganymede. [PAR] Facts about Ganymede [PAR] Age: Ganymede is about 4.5 billion years old, about the same age as Jupiter . [PAR] Distance from Jupiter: Ganymede is the seventh moon and third Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter, orbiting at about 665,000 miles (1.070 million kilometers). It takes Ganymede about seven Earth-days to orbit Jupiter. [PAR] [ Photos of Ganymede, Jupiter's Largest Moon ] [PAR] Size: Ganymede's mean radius is 1,635 miles (2,631.2 km). Although Ganymede is larger than Mercury it only has half its mass, classifying it as low density. [PAR] Temperature: Daytime temperatures on the surface average minus 171 degrees Fahrenheit to minus 297 F, and night temperatures drop to -193C. In 1996, astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope found evidence of a thin oxygen atmosphere. However, it is too thin to support life as we know it; it is unlikely that any living organisms inhabit Ganymede. [PAR] Magnetosphere: Ganymede is the only satellite in the solar system to have a magnetosphere. Typically found in planets, including Earth and Jupiter, a magnetosphere is a comet-shaped region in which charged particles are trapped or deflected. Ganymede's magnetosphere is entirely embedded within the magnetosphere of Jupiter. [PAR] This montage compares New Horizons' best views of Ganymede, Jupiter's largest moon, gathered with the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) and its infrared spectrometer, the Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA). [PAR] Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute [PAR] Discovery and exploration of Ganymede [PAR] Ganymede was discovered by Galileo Galilei on Jan. 7, 1610. The discovery, along with three other Jovian moons , was the first time a moon was discovered orbiting a planet other than Earth. Galileo's discovery eventually led to the understanding that planets orbit the sun, instead of our solar system revolving around Earth. [PAR] Galileo called this moon Jupiter III. When the numerical naming system was abandoned in the mid-1800s, the moon was named after Ganymede, a Trojan prince in Greek mythology. Zeus, a counterpart of Jupiter in Roman mythology, carried Ganymede, who had taken the form of an eagle, to Olympus, where he became a cupbearer to the Olympian gods and one of Zeus' lovers. [PAR] Several spacecraft have flown by Jupiter and its moons. Pioneer 10 arrived first, in 1973, followed by Pioneer 11 in 1974. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 returned striking photos during their flybys. The Galileo spacecraft passed as low as 162 miles (261 km) over the surfaces of the Galilean moons and produced detailed images. [PAR] The European Space Agency plans a mission called JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) that would launch from Earth in 2022 for arrival at Jupiter in 2030. While the mission"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How To Play Bass Guitar To All My Loving - Beatles - Paul ... How To Play Bass Guitar To All My Loving - Beatles - Paul McCartney - YouTube [PAR] How To Play Bass Guitar To All My Loving - Beatles - Paul McCartney [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 7, 2011 [PAR] http://www.how-to-play-bass.com/free-... [PAR] Here's the second in the current mini series of how to play bass tutorials to Beatles and early paul mccartney bass lines. In this bass guitar for beginners lesson we're looking at All My Loving. [PAR] For 11 free song tutorials, including Sex On Fire, I Fought The Law, Signed Sealed Delivered, When You Were Young, Mercy Mercy Mercy and more....CLICK HERE! http://www.how-to-play-bass.com/free-... [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fictional Bands of A Clockwork Orange \u2013 VintageZen The Fictional Bands of A Clockwork Orange \u2013 VintageZen [PAR] VintageZen [PAR] The Fictional Bands of A Clockwork Orange [PAR] The movie A Clockwork Orange references 10 fictional bands in the scene where Alex visits a record store and talks two girls back to his place for a threesome. I decided to research how many of the names were actually used by real, established bands. Of the 10, I found 5 of the names were used by real bands, but could only verify that 3 of the bands actually named themselves after the ones in the movie\u2013 Heaven 17, Johnny Zhivago, and The Humpers. There were a number of bands named \u201cLegend,\u201d although its such a generic name that it really isn\u2019t unique to the movie. The last of the 5, The Sparks,\u00b9 was formed in 1970, a year before the movie was released. That leaves 5 band names that are still on the open market. Here\u2019s the complete list: [PAR] Heaven Seventeen: Heaven 17 is a New Wave/Synth Pop band from Sheffield, England, active from 1980-present [PAR] Johnny Zhivago: Johnny Zhivago was a Punk Band from Essex, England, active from 1999-2002 [PAR] The Humpers: The Humpers were a Garage Punk band from Long Beach, California, active from 1989-1998 [PAR] The Sparks: Sparks are a Rock/Pop band from Los Angeles, California, active from 1970-present [PAR] The Legend: Legend was the name of an English heavy metal band, a Shadows tribute band, a christian rock band, and a rockabilly band [PAR] The Blow Goes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prince Biography: Prince's Real Name & More Prince Biography: Prince's Real Name & More [PAR] By Mark Edward Nero [PAR] Updated April 21, 2016. [PAR] Plenty of contemporary recording artists are talented, but few were as talented as Prince . Known for his vocal range, instrumental abilities and stage presence, the eclectic artist was a mainstay in popular music for more than three decades, serving as a musical influence and innovator. Prince passed away on April 21, 2016 at the age of 57. Here is a look back at his amazing life and career. [PAR] Early Life: [PAR] Prince was born Prince Roger Nelson on June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minn. Music was a significant part of his life from the beginning. His mother was a jazz singer and his father was a pianist and a songwriter who performed in the Prince Rogers Trio, a jazz group, under the stage name \"Prince Rogers.\" Prince is named after his stage name. [PAR] Breakthrough and Success: [PAR] Prince dabbled in music throughout his childhood, forming a popular funk band in his late teens. After shopping around a series of unsuccessful demo tapes, he released his debut album For You in 1978, but his second effort, Prince, was much more commercially successful. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What Do Movie Ratings Mean? [PAR] It produced the hit singles \"Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?\" and \"I Wanna Be Your Lover,\" and it went platinum . Dirty Mind, Controversy and 1999 generated more acclaim for the artist, but he really hit it big with 1984's Purple Rain. The album, which accompanies his film of the same, catapulted Prince into superstardom. [PAR] His backup band, The Revolution, dissolved after the releases of 1985's Around the World in a Day and 1986's Parade, but he bounced back stronger than ever as a solo artist with Sign \"O\" the Times. Riding high on a solo career, he followed up with three more albums before introducing his new backup band, The New Power Generation, in 1991's Diamonds and Pearls. [PAR] In 1993 he famously changed his name to the \"love symbol,\" and combination of the male and female symbols. Between 1994 and 1996 he released a whopping five albums in an effort to rid himself of contractual obligations with Warner Bros. He joined Arista Records in 1998 and started going by \"Prince\" again, instead of his unpronounceable legal name. Since then he released 15 albums. He released his 34th studio album, HITnRun phase one, in September 2015. [PAR] Legacy: [PAR] Few artists can revel the successes of such enduring careers. Prince was surely one of them. He was one of the best-selling artists of all time , having sold more than 100 million records. He has won more awards than you can count: seven Grammys (1999 and Purple Rain earned him Hall of Fame awards), an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Purple Rain,\" a Golden Globe for Best Original Song for \"The Song of the Heart,\" and four MTV VMAs. Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, cementing his place in music history."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basic Music Theory - Engrade Wikis Basic Music Theory [PAR] Basic Music Theory [PAR] Time Values: Semibreves, Minims, Crotchets, Quavers & Semiquavers [PAR] Crotchets, Minims and Semibreves [PAR] When we tap our feet or clap our hands 'in time' to a piece of music, we are clapping the steady beats of the music. At this level, our beats are shown like this: [PAR] . This sign is called a crotchet or quarter note . [PAR] The sign, [PAR] , is used for a sound which lasts as long as two (2) crotchets. It is called a minim or half note . [PAR] The sign, [PAR] , is used for a sound which lasts as long as four (4) crotchets. It is called a semibreve or whole note . [PAR] A semibreve lasts as long as four crotchets or two minims. We can also say that a semibreve has the same time value as four crotchets or two minims. Therefore a minim has the same time value as two crotchets and half the time value of a semibreve. [PAR] Quavers and Semiquavers [PAR] There are also time values that are shorter than crotchets/quarter notes! The quaver or eighth note , [PAR] , lasts for half the length of a crotchet, i.e. 1/2 of a beat. [PAR] The semiquaver or sixteenth note , [PAR] , lasts for quarter of the length of a crotchet, i.e. 1/4 of a beat. [PAR] Therefore, two quavers last as long as one crotchet; and four semiquavers also lasts as long as one crotchet. [PAR] Note [PAR] When two quavers/eighth notes are written together, they can be beamed together as below: [PAR] When four semiquavers/sixteenth notes are written together, they can be beamed together as below: [PAR] {} [PAR] The following chart shows the two names that can be given to each note symbol. The names on the left are American and the names on the right are British (you can use either form). The chart also shows the number of beats each note gets: [PAR] Click here to be taken to a set of flashcards about this topic. Use these cards to help you learn and remember the note names and note values presented in this topic. For instructions on how to use the flashcards click here . [PAR] Happy studying! [PAR] [b] [u]Crotchets, Minims and Semibreves [/b] [/u] When we tap our feet or clap our hands 'in time' to a piece of music, we are clapping the steady [b] beats [/b] of the music. At this level, our beats are shown like this: {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4079538625169196/quarter-note_small.jpg} . This sign is called a [b] crotchet [/b] or [b] quarter note [/b]. The sign, {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4099985869727737/half-note_small.jpg} , is used for a sound which lasts as long as [i] two (2) [/i] crotchets. It is called a [b] minim [/b] or [b] half note [/b]. The sign, {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4047273754956979/whole-note_small.jpg} , is used for a sound which lasts as long as [i] four (4) [/i] crotchets. It is called a [b] semibreve [/b] or [b] whole note [/b]. A semibreve lasts as long as four crotchets or two minims. We can also say that a semibreve has the same [b] time value [/b] as four crotchets or two minims. Therefore a [i] minim [/i] has the same time value as two crotchets and [i] half [/i] the time value of a semibreve. [b] [u]Quavers and Semiquavers [/b] [/u] There are also time values that are shorter than crotchets/quarter notes! The [b] quaver [/b] or [b] eighth note [/b], {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4040305421343735/eighth-note_small.jpg} , lasts for half the length of a crotchet, i.e. 1/2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eminem's Many Women: A List Of Slim Shady's Musical ... Eminem's Many Women: A List Of Slim Shady's Musical Hookups - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] archive-Phillip-Mlynar [PAR] 12/18/2013 [PAR] The video to Eminem 's recent collaboration with Rihanna , \"The Monster,\" has been lighting up the Internet since it dropped at the start of this week. The flick features a frantic Em revisiting the peaks and valleys of his career while Rih Rih steps into the role of Slim Shady's therapist. Straight-jackets also put in an appearance. [PAR] Eminem's might have risen to success from the testosterone-filled underground battle rap arena, but he's always been savvy enough to cozy up and collaborate with a number of female singers. Here's a rundown of Slim Shady's finest creative connections with the fairer sex \u2014 including a prior appearance from his favorite doctor. [PAR] 1. Pink [PAR] \"Won't Back Down\" claims a spot as one of the most defiant and rousing tracks from Eminem's 2010 Recovery. It's a song that's in part fueled by Pink's chorus duties, which have her trilling over a rugged production courtesy of DJ Khalil. It's an all-around winning combination and one we'd be happy to see aired out again. [PAR] 2. Hayley Williams [PAR] Atlanta rapper and guitar-strummer B.o.B helped cast himself as a new-generation rap superstar by teaming up with Paramore's lead warbler for the anthemic \"Airplanes.\" Adding to the life of the song, Em hopped on to a second version of the track, with his high-strung and angst-infused vocals meshing emotively with Williams' powerful hook. [PAR] 3. Dido [PAR] \"Stan\" became one of Eminem's most critically acclaimed mega-hits when it peaked during the 2000 holiday season. Slim Shady's song-writing is tricksy and clever as he steps into the shoes of a crazed fan, but the emotional pull of the track is sparked by Dido's melancholic singing \u2014 which was originally sampled from her own \"Thank You\" song. The rain sound effects that patter down in the background add to the \"Stan\" appeal. [PAR] 4. Sia [PAR] Slim Shady's The Marshall Mathers LP 2 has become one of the rap albums that define 2013 \u2014 but it's the bonus version of the project that includes this mournful collaboration with Sia, \"Beautiful Pain.\" For his part, Eminem co-produces the song with Emile, and the low-key groove neatly pairs with the Australian singer and song-writer's impassioned contribution. [PAR] 5. Skylar Gray [PAR] Dr. Dre's \"I Need A Doctor\" is allegedly part of his almost mythical Detox album. He enlisted Skylar Grey's honeyed vocals to open the dramatic track, and then coaxed Eminem into reciting an emotional rap confessional. Skylar's melodramatic tone proves an astute blend with Em's increasingly angry bars. [PAR] 6. Liz Rodrigues [PAR] Liz Rodrigues claims a regular spot with the genre-meshing New Royales troupe, but she also has a regular co-feature relationship with going on with Em. Her voice perks up his current album track \"Survival,\" while she also stars on Slim Shady's sentimental \"25 To Life\" track from Recovery as she sings about about being \"caught in a change\" as a relationship moves on around her. [PAR] 7. Rihanna [PAR] \"The Monster\" is proving to be a gargantuan song, but Eminem and Rihanna have enjoyed a previous musical tryst as they holed-up in the studio together to record the equally anthemic \"Love The Way You Lie\" back in 2010. One of Slim Shady's past creative conquests, Skylar Grey, actually co-wrote the song before Rih Rih stepped in to claim the chorus as her own. Call it a power move. [PAR] 8. Dina Rae"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Download mp3 Del Shannon, buy Del Shannon mp3 music at ... Download mp3 Del Shannon, buy Del Shannon mp3 music at mp3panda.com [PAR] Del Shannon on LastFM [PAR] Biography [PAR] American rock and roll singer-songwriter Charles Weedon Westover, better known under his stage name Del Shannon was born on December 30, 1934Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States and died on February 8, 1990 Santa Clarita, California, US. He committed suicide shooting himself after depression caused by alcohol abuse. Shannon rose to fame in the beginning of the 1960s with hit single \u201cRunaway\u201d. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and on the UK Singles chart. The song was voted number 1 as Legendary Michigan Song. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Because of alcoholism, his career went down and he couldn\u2019t repeat the same smashing success, though many of his singles charted, including \"Hats Off to Larry\", \"Hey! Little Girl\", \"The Swiss Maid\" and others. From our site, you can download Del Shannon\u2019s last album in mp3 from our site. [PAR] Del Shannon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DeForest Kelley, Actor Beloved as Dr. McCoy on 'Star Trek ... DeForest Kelley, Actor Beloved as Dr. McCoy on 'Star Trek,' Dies at 79 - latimes [PAR] DeForest Kelley, Actor Beloved as Dr. McCoy on 'Star Trek,' Dies at 79 [PAR] June 12, 1999 |ELAINE WOO | TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] DeForest Kelley, who played the irascible but wise Dr. Leonard \"Bones\" McCoy in the \"Star Trek\" television series and movies, died Friday at the Motion Picture and Television Fund Hospital in Woodland Hills. He was 79. [PAR] Kelley entered the convalescent home three months ago and died after a lingering illness, said A.C. Lyles, a longtime producer at Paramount Studios, where the original series was shot. Kelley's wife of 55 years, Carolyn, who was recuperating from a broken leg in the home, was by his side when he died. [PAR] Kelley was a supporting actor on film, stage and television for 20 years before landing his distinctive role on what would become a cult science fiction series. [PAR] \"Star Trek,\" which aired on NBC from 1966 to 1969, was director Gene Roddenberry's saga of the star ship Enterprise, a 23rd century spacecraft with a mission to study unexplored worlds and transport supplies to Earth colonies in space. [PAR] For the Record [PAR] Los Angeles Times Friday June 18, 1999 Home Edition Part A Page 30 Metro Desk 4 inches; 123 words Type of Material: Correction [PAR] Kelley movies--In Saturday's Times, the obituary of DeForest Kelley, the actor who played Dr. Leonard \"Bones\" McCoy in the \"Star Trek\" television series and movies, incorrectly stated that Kelley appeared in all of the first seven \"Star Trek\" movies. He did not appear in the 1994 release \"Star Trek: Generations.\" Also, the story stated that the original series was produced at Paramount. The production originated at the old Desilu studio, shifting to Paramount after Gulf & Western, then the parent company of Paramount, bought Desilu in 1967. Of the first seven \"Star Trek\" movies, the most successful was the first, \"Star Trek: The Motion Picture,\" which grossed $138.8 million worldwide, according to Exhibitor Relations Co., which tracks box-office receipts. The story also gave an incorrect year for the film \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral,\" which was released in 1957. [PAR] On the Enterprise's motley crew, Kelley was the resident surgeon, diagnostician and humanist, the perfect foil for the coldly logical Mr. Spock played by Leonard Nimoy and the macho Capt. James Kirk played by William Shatner. [PAR] \"He was one of a kind, a great friend and a very important part of a collection of personalities,\" Nimoy said Friday. \"He had the humanist point of view in the show. It fit him very well. He brought a decency and sensibility that made you want to have him around.\" [PAR] The son of a Baptist minister, Kelley was born in 1920 in Atlanta, where he sang in the church choir. He left Atlanta after high school to visit an uncle in Long Beach, and joined a theater group. [PAR] In the mid-1940s he was discovered by a Paramount talent scout who saw him in a Navy training film. The scout offered him a screen test and later a contract. He made his film debut as a man who may have committed murder while under hypnosis in a 1947 film noir called \"Fear in the Night,\" which showcased Kelley's distinctive arched eyebrows and occasional wild-eyed expressions. [PAR] He appeared in several more films before moving to New York, where he worked in theater and in early television anthology dramas such as \"Schlitz Playhouse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The War of the Worlds Summary - eNotes.com The War of the Worlds Summary - eNotes.com [PAR] The War of the Worlds Summary [PAR] H. G. Wells [PAR] The War of the Worlds Summary [PAR] In The War of the Worlds, Martians invade England. These Martians are worm-like creatures who intend to use Earth as a feeding ground, and the Earthlings are powerless to stop this. In the end, the Martians are destroyed not by humans, but by bacteria. [PAR] Martians arrive in London, quickly taking control of the city. These Martians are hideous, worm-like monsters with sixteen tentacles protruding from their mouths. They intend to feed on humans. [PAR] Despite their best efforts, the humans are unable to fend off the Martians and their deadly assault. The aliens soon overrun the planet. [PAR] The Martians aren't prepared for Earth's bacteria, however, and don't have the antibodies to fight off viruses. Their nervous systems are destroyed, and they die not from a human assault, but from illness. [PAR] Download Study Guide [PAR] Start Free Trial [PAR] Start your free trial with eNotes to access more than 30,000 study guides. Get help with any book. [PAR] link Link [PAR] In The War of the Worlds, the Martians invade England, landing in ten cylinders at twenty-four-hour intervals, terrorizing the countryside and devastating the heart of London. It is perhaps the most plausible of Wells\u2019s romances, for at the time it was thought that Mars might be inhabitable and that it was far older than the earth. It could well serve, then, as the site of beings who antedate humanity. [PAR] The Martians are much more highly developed than humans, but as the narrator discovers, they have landed on Earth to use it as a feeding ground. The Martians are wormlike creatures with bulging eyes and sixteen long, sensitive tentacles projecting from their mouths. They suck living blood. They arrive in huge, spiderlike engines, smothering cities with black smoke and defeating the opposition with heat rays not unlike lasers that can disintegrate artillery. [PAR] The Martians succeed where the invisible man failed in establishing a reign of terror, and much of the novel concerns their relentless, apparently invincible progress across the country. There is much less characterization in The War of the Worlds than in Wells\u2019s other science fiction. Rather, the novel is intent on describing the mass hysteria such an invasion would stimulate and on showing how unprepared civilization is for the onslaught of forces from another world. [PAR] Wells is particularly hard on a vicar who takes refuge with the unnamed narrator, as if to suggest the usual comforts of religion, especially organized religion, are to little avail in a truly otherworldly event. The vicar is reduced to a state of abject terror, mouthing Christian pieties and proclaiming the day of judgment. In a half-starved, delirious state, he ventures toward the Martians before the narrator can stop him and is killed. [PAR] The concrete descriptions of London and of the damage wreaked upon it by the Martians enhance the verisimilitude of the narrative as the narrator struggles to survive and retain his presence of mind. Although he comes across another character who vows to carry on the fight, human expressions of defiance seem more pathetic than encouraging. It is astonishing how quickly civilization seems morally and physically bankrupted by the invasion. [PAR] There is little comfort in the denouement of the novel. The Martians succumb to the environment, having no antibodies to cope with bacteria that attack and destroy their nervous systems. Otherwise, they might very well have succeeded"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] serenity film : definition of serenity film and synonyms ... serenity film : definition of serenity film and synonyms of serenity film (English) [PAR] $38,869,464 [1] [PAR] Serenity is a 2005 space western film written and directed by Joss Whedon . It is a continuation of the short-lived 2002 Fox science fiction television series Firefly , taking place after the events of the final episode . Set in 2517, Serenity is the story of the captain and crew of Serenity , a \"Firefly-class\" spaceship. The captain and first mate are veterans of the Unification War, having fought on the losing side. Their lives of petty crime are interrupted by a psychic passenger who harbors a dangerous secret. [PAR] The film was released in North America on September 30, 2005 by Universal Pictures . It received generally positive reviews and was number two during its opening weekend but it did not make back its budget until its release on DVD. Serenity won numerous awards, including the 2006 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 11 External links [PAR] Plot [PAR] By 2517, the Alliance has won a war with the less established planets of outer star systems. A young girl named River Tam is the most promising of a number of young people being mentally and physically conditioned by Alliance scientists. Rescued by her brother Simon , the two find refuge aboard the Firefly-class transport ship Serenity, captained by Malcolm \"Mal\" Reynolds . An Alliance agent, the Operative , is tasked with neutralizing River, as she has been visited by high Alliance politicians and may have learned certain top secrets due to her psychic abilities. [PAR] Aboard Serenity, Mal takes River along on a bank robbery against her brother's objections. They are attacked by another group of raiders: Reavers, animalistic humans who savagely eat their victims alive. They escape, but Simon decides that he and River will leave Serenity at the next port. While Mal meets fences Fanty and Mingo at a bar, a TV commercial causes River to attack the patrons with superbly effective martial arts. Before she can shoot Mal, Simon arrives and shouts a \"safe word\" which causes her to fall asleep. Mal carries River back to Serenity, but the incident is captured on camera. The crew contacts a reclusive hacker known as Mr. Universe who analyzes the commercial and discovers a subliminal message being broadcast across Alliance space designed to trigger River. He notes that River whispered \"Miranda\" before attacking. [PAR] Mal receives a call from Inara , a former passenger. Suspecting a trap but fearing she is in danger, Mal goes to her and is confronted by the Operative. The Operative offers to let Mal go free if he turns River over, but thanks to Inara's quick thinking, she and Mal escape. After another of River's outbursts, the crew discover that Miranda is a remote planet thought to have been rendered uninhabitable as the result of a terraforming accident. Serenity returns to Haven, a mining colony and home of Shepherd Book , a former passenger and friend. They discover, however, that the outpost has been destroyed and the residents slaughtered. The Operative has ordered the deaths of all of Mal's contacts to deny him a safe haven and promises that he will continue to pursue them until he gets River. [PAR] The way to Miranda is blocked by a region swarming with Reavers, so Mal disguises Serenity as a Reaver ship. After sailing through a fleet of Reaver vessels, the crew discovers a habitable planet, but only corpses strew its cities."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) HAL 9000 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) HAL 9000 [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) HAL... [PAR] Introduction of the HAL 9000 computer (voice by Douglas... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) HAL 9000 [PAR] Introduction of the HAL 9000 computer (voice by Douglas Rain) and the two not-hibernating members of the Jupiter mission on the spaceship Discovery One, Dave (Keir Dullea) and Frank (Gary Lockwood), in Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968.> [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz Intro -- 2001: A Space Odyssey... [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz introduces 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968. [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz Intro -- 2001: A Space... [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz Intro -- 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz introduces 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968. > [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz Intro -- 2001: A Space Odyssey... [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz introduces 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968. [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz introduces <B>2001:... [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz Intro -- 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) [PAR] Ben Mankiewicz introduces 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968. > [PAR] The Story Of Film: An Odyssey (2011) -- (TCM... [PAR] TCM's Original Promo for the 15-part documentary by film... [PAR] The Story Of Film: An Odyssey (2011) -- (TCM Promo) [PAR] TCM's Original Promo for the 15-part documentary by film historian Mark Cousins, The Story Of Film: An Odyssey, premiering Monday, September 2nd at 10pm ET.> [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Moon... [PAR] Set piece for director Stanley Kubrick, four million years... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Moon Mission [PAR] Set piece for director Stanley Kubrick, four million years since the \"Dawn Of Man\" sequence, astronauts on the surface of the moon investigate a mysterious monolith identical to the ones the apes saw, in 2001: A Space Odyssey, from Arthur C. Clarke's novel and screenplay.> [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Second stanza of Stanley Kubrick's \"Dawn Of Man\" sequence,... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Monolith [PAR] Second stanza of Stanley Kubrick's \"Dawn Of Man\" sequence, the apes awaken one morning to find what will become known as \"the monolith,\" early in 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968.> [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Dave (Keir Dullea) and Frank (Gary Lockwood) instruct their... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Famous Last Words [PAR] Dave (Keir Dullea) and Frank (Gary Lockwood) instruct their mission-control computer \"Hal\" to leave them where the computer cannot listen-in, as they discuss a disturbing system-error, in Stanly Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968. > [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Just a portion of the trippy part, Dave (Keir Dullea) has... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Jupiter And Beyond [PAR] Just a portion of the trippy part, Dave (Keir Dullea) has left the mother-ship in an \"EVA\" pod, after hearing secret instructions, and sees weird stuff as he approaches Jupiter, late in Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968.> [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Fight [PAR] The ending of director Stanley Kubrick's \"Dawn Of Man\"... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie... [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -- (Movie Clip) Fight [PAR] The ending of director Stanley Kubrick's \"Dawn Of Man\" sequence, the apes have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 11 Incarnations of Doctor Who, Ranked by Handsomeness 11 Incarnations of Doctor Who, Ranked by Handsomeness - 11 Points [PAR] 11 Incarnations of Doctor Who, Ranked by Handsomeness [PAR] written by Sam Greenspan [PAR] I know \"Doctor Who\" is much less mainstream than I usually go on this site, but when there's something in pop culture that provides me such a nice, finite 11-item set, it's almost impossible for me to resist. [PAR] For those readers who don't know anything about \"Doctor Who\" but still had the loyalty to this site to keep reading, over the many on-and-off decades of the series, the title character has regenerated 10 different times. (He's not of our world. He can do that.) Each time he regenerates, a new actor takes over as the series lead. The series is current on the 11th incarnation of the Doctor. [PAR] While I've watched some \"Doctor Who\", I don't consider myself enough of an expert to do real Doctor rankings. So I took a different approach to this list -- and asked my girlfriend, Angie, to rank the Doctors based on their handsomeness. [PAR] She's never seen the series so she's completely objective -- ranking each of the Doctors solely on her snap judgments from his photos online. So here are her rankings, from most to least handsome, plus some brief bits of commentary. (I've also weighed in with my thoughts on her thoughts.) [PAR] The Eleventh Doctor (played by Matt Smith) [PAR] Angie's take: \"Looks like Christian Slater but with an eating disorder.\" [PAR] Sam's take: Note to self: Apparently your girlfriend defines \"attractive\" as \"Christian Slater with an eating disorder.\" Time to go circle the word \"Eskimo\" in a book and not eat lunch. [PAR] The Tenth Doctor (played by David Tennant) [PAR] Angie's take: \"A poor man's Joel McHale meets Jim Carrey. I love that combo.\" [PAR] Sam's take: I thought it was interesting she ranked the two most recent Doctors as the two most attractive. Has the BBC started casting handsomer leads to keep with the changing times? Or have the British evolved to become better looking over the past few decades? I guess I have to go with the former. [PAR] The Eighth Doctor (played by Paul McGann) [PAR] Angie's take: \"All I see is Professor Snape.\" [PAR] Sam's take: McGann only played the Doctor on TV one time, in one made-for-TV movie. At least she didn't rank him first. That would be like saying the handsomest incarnation of Batman is Bruce Thomas -- who played Batman on the 2002 WB show \"Birds of Prey\" and in a few OnStar commercials. [PAR] The Ninth Doctor (played by Christopher Eccleston) [PAR] Angie's take: \"He looks like he'd be on 'Top Chef' and be the really cocky guy who everyone sees as a threat from day one.\" [PAR] Sam's take: I think he's the least English looking Doctor. And I actually agree with Angie's \"Top Chef\" assessment. [PAR] The First Doctor (played by William Hartnell) [PAR] Angie's take: \"I love an older man who still has a full head of salt and pepper hair, even if it's a mullet. In this case, it's mostly salt, but that'll do. If I were 60, I'd be all over that.\" [PAR] Sam's take: Speaking of 'Top Chef', assuming he has deep pockets, this would be the Doctor that Padma was the most attracted to. [PAR] The Fifth Doctor (played by Peter Davison) [PAR] Angie's take: \"Like Cary Elwes got the Jeff Daniels role in 'Dumb and Dumber'. Not necessarily a compliment.\" [PAR] Sam's take: Looks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THERE'S MUSIC IN THE WHERE? - Sports News, Scores and ... THERE'S MUSIC IN THE WHERE? [PAR] THERE'S MUSIC IN THE WHERE? [PAR] Baseball [PAR] THERE'S MUSIC IN THE WHERE? [PAR] In the &quot;Guinness Book of World Records,&quot; a wondrous compilation of facts and feats, you'll find the fattest cat and wettest violinist [PAR] Original Layout [PAR] The 1979 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records credits one Michael John Poultney with having memorized the value of the mathematical symbol \u201a\u00e2\u00e0\u221a\u00a8\u201a\u00e0\u00f6\u221a\u00eb to 5,050 places. That, however, is scarcely any more impressive than the mnemonic achievement of Norris McWhirter, the amiable Briton who edits the Guinness book itself. McWhirter has committed most of his book's 15,000 entries to memory, a feat he explains by saying, \"It's the same as a boy memorizing information about baseball. It's a matter of being interested.\" [PAR] This is an article from the July 30, 1979 issue Original Layout [PAR] McWhirter puts his grasp of world records to admirable use. A slight, graying man of 53 with an ofttimes chirpy manner, he speaks fluent worldrecordese, enriching even the most casual conversation with nuggets drawn from his book. Bring up the subject of inflation and McWhirter will cite the $5,544,000 paid for a Vel\u00e0zquez at an art auction in London as illustrative of a \"distrust of hard currency.\" Let the conversation turn to the communications revolution and he will note that, owing to a decline in its use, the record for receiving Morse code\u201475.2 words per minute\u2014has remained unbroken since Ted McElroy set it in 1939. If you're talking about fanaticism, McWhirter will likely mention Saint Simeon the Younger, a sixth-century Syrian monk who perched on a stone pillar for 45 years\u2014which, incidentally, may be the record for the oldest world record. [PAR] To have one McWhirter chattering away in worldrecordese is strange enough. It was odder still when two of them were doing so, the other being Norris' identical twin brother, Ross. The McWhirters were interchangeable, Oxford-educated sportswriters who had been hired in 1954 by the huge Anglo-Irish brewery, Arthur Guinness, Son & Co., Ltd., to compile a record book, and they built it into an international bestseller. They made promotional appearances clad in the kilts of their Scottish forebears, mischievously leaving it to interviewers to try to figure out which of the pale, jug-eared brothers was Ross and which was Norris. But the McWhirters also had a sober side. They became involved in conservative political causes, an interest that had a tragic culmination when Irish Republican Army terrorists shot Ross to death on his front doorstep nearly four years ago. [PAR] Ross' death was a crushing blow to Norris. Nevertheless, the surviving brother has continued to put out the record book, turning what had been a lighthearted duet into a determined solo. The Guinness brewery still owns the book, publishing it through a subsidiary, Guinness Superlatives, Ltd., which occupies the top floor of a three-story, redbrick building in Enfield, a northern suburb of London. Double-decker buses rumble along Enfield's busy streets and mums push prams on the sidewalks, and the gold-carpeted offices of Guinness Superlatives pulse with purpose, too. At work there, McWhirter is obviously intent on keeping his brother's violent death from casting a shadow over the record-book operation. [PAR] \"After Ross died, I had to decide whether to chuck it or soldier on,\" Norris says, discussing the matter in resolutely practical terms. \"In soldiering on, the appalling thing is that there's so much that Ross used to do that I now must handle alone.\" As though to underscore his loss,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Austin Power and japanese twins - YouTube Austin Power and japanese twins - YouTube [PAR] Austin Power and japanese twins [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 26, 2008 [PAR] Austin Power give a party after arrest Dr. Evil and there is talking with two japanese girl Fook me and Fook you. One of many great scenes from this movie :). [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Curious Origins of Tweedledum and Tweedledee ... The Curious Origins of Tweedledum and Tweedledee | Interesting Literature [PAR] The Curious Origins of Tweedledum and Tweedledee [PAR] Posted by interestingliterature [PAR] Interesting facts about the surprising history of Tweedledum and Tweedledee [PAR] Who is being described? Born in the north-west of England near Manchester, he was a literary man who was also noted in his day for his interest in science and mathematics. In terms of physical appearance, he was known for being particularly tall, considerably taller than average. He gave us Tweedledum and Tweedledee, pioneered a system of code-writing, wrote one of his most famous works for a young girl, and appears to have had an interest in the occult. [PAR] The above may sound like a description of Charles Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll, but in fact we\u2019re talking about John Byrom (1692-1763), English poet and the real originator of Tweedledum and Tweedledee. [PAR] Byrom was born in Manchester on 29 February 1692, and would grow up to be a notable poet and hymn-writer, [PAR] principally remembered now for writing \u2018Christians Awake, Salute the Happy Morn\u2019, supposedly as a Christmas gift for his daughter. He also pioneered geometric (modern) shorthand, later perfected by Isaac Pitman. [PAR] But perhaps these days Byrom\u2019s greatest legacy is the one he bequeathed to subsequent writers, particularly Lewis Carroll: Tweedledum and Tweedledee. But where did the characters come from? [PAR] Well, aptly for a hymn-writer, Byrom took his cue from the world of music. In particular, Byrom invented Tweedledum and Tweedledee in a poem that satirised and mocked two rivalling schools of music at the time. (\u2018Tweedle\u2019 from twiddle, as in to tweak an instrument.) Byrom\u2019s poem runs: [PAR] Some say, compar\u2019d to Bononcini [PAR] That Mynheer Handel\u2019s but a Ninny [PAR] Others aver, that he to Handel [PAR] Is scarcely fit to hold a Candle [PAR] Strange all this Difference should be [PAR] \u2018Twixt Tweedle-dum and Tweedle-dee! [PAR] So, the two names first appear in a poem devised to highlight the petty disagreements between two musicians and their followers, with the names designed to suggest that very little actually separates the two factions, in practice. So although the modern reader may most readily associate Tweedledum and Tweedledee with Lewis Carroll, who used the names for the two fat brothers who appear in Through the Looking-Glass, it is to John Byrom that we owe a debt for (supposedly) originating the names, and for suggesting the idea of two people whose differences are not so great as they would have us believe. [PAR] Tweedledum and Tweedledee also appear in an \u2018elegy\u2019 by Peter Pindar , the pseudonym of satirist John Wolcot (1738-1819): \u2018Poor Tweedledum must also taxes pay, / Must bend to Puff, or woe to Tweedledum!\u2019 This poem also predates Carroll\u2019s 1871 novel, and is used with a similar meaning to Byrom\u2019s original. [PAR] Five years after the pair showed up in Carroll\u2019s Through the Looking-Glass, the anti-war nursery rhyme \u2018Tweedledum and Tweedledee\u2019 was published in Extraordinary Nursery Rhymes (1876): [PAR] Tweedledum and Tweedledee [PAR] And what was it all about, think ye? [PAR] About a penny rattle. [PAR] So nations foolishly make wars, [PAR] And loud their cannons rattle; [PAR] When oft they have as little cause, [PAR] As Tweedledum for battle. [PAR] But it was Carroll who would really fix the twins in the popular consciousness, of course. Carroll was obviously aware of the nursery rhyme (and may also have known Byrom\u2019s original epigram), but in Through the Looking-Glass, the brothers agree to have a battle but never"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apollo - Greek Mythology Apollo [PAR] Apollo [PAR] See More Apollo Pictures > [PAR] Apollo was the son of Zeus and Leto , twin brother of Artemis . He was the god of music, and he is often depicted playing a golden lyre. He was also known as the Archer, far shooting with a silver bow; the god of healing, giving the science of medicine to man; the god of light; and the god of truth. One of Apollo 's most important daily tasks was to harness his four-horse chariot, in order to move the Sun across the sky. [PAR] Apollo was an oracular god, as he was the prophetic deity in the Oracle in Delphi . People from all over the known world travelled there to learn what the future held for them, through his priestess Pythia. The god was also worshipped in the island of Delos, which was initially dedicated to his twin sister Artemis . In relation to the rituals and practices that took place in Delos and Delphi , it could be said that there were two completely distinct cults in honour of Apollo . [PAR] As already mentioned, Apollo was also considered as the god of healing and medicine, either through himself or through his son Asclepius . At the same time, he could also bring forth disease and plague with his arrows; it was considered that a god that can cause disease is also able to prevent it. [PAR] He was born on Delos, where his mother Leto sought refuge; Hera , having realised that Leto was impregnated by her husband Zeus , banned Leto from giving birth on land. So, Leto managed to go to Delos, which had recently been formed, and therefore, was not considered a real island yet. The inhabitants of the island, along with Artemis who had been born a day earlier, helped Leto give birth to Apollo . Leto then promised the Delians that Apollo would always favour them for having helped her. [PAR] His holy tree was the laurel, and his holy animal was the dolphin. [PAR] Apollo Is also called Phoebus, Apollon.[DOC] [TLE] Apollo - Greek Mythology Wiki - Wikia Apollo | Greek Mythology Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Silver Bow and Silver Arrows, Golden Sword [PAR] Nicknames [PAR] Lord of the Silver Bow, Slayer of Python, Phoebus, Smintheus, Pythius, He of the Golden Sword' [PAR] Apollo (Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd) is the son of Zeus and Leto . His twin sister is Artemis . He was the God of the arts, music, healing, purification, prophecy, oracles, plague, poetry, civilization, the sun, truth, intelligence, logic, reason, and archery, he also showed men the art of medicine. [PAR] He is famous for his oracle at Delphi . People traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine the future. [PAR] He is the only Olympian that does not have a Roman name. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Birth of Apollo [PAR] Leto and her twins [PAR] When Apollo's mother was in labor with him and his twin sister Artemis, she was looking for a place to give birth, however, Hera had made all land shun her so she was unable to find a place to give birth. Hera was very sour towards her because Zeus was her children's father and Hera disliked that Zeus kept having children with other women and goddesses. But Poseidon took pity on Leto and showed her an island that was not attached to the sea floor so it technically was not considered land. So Leto traveled there and gave birth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patty and Selma- We Love To Smoke, The Simpsons - YouTube Patty and Selma- We Love To Smoke, The Simpsons - YouTube [PAR] Patty and Selma- We Love To Smoke, The Simpsons [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 1, 2010 [PAR] Taken from the 'Simpsonic' soundtrack. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Cooper - Telegraph George Cooper - Telegraph [PAR] Sport Obituaries [PAR] George Cooper [PAR] George Cooper, who died on April 11 aged 75, was the identical twin of the nation's best-loved heavyweight boxer Henry Cooper and shared the highs and lows of his brother's long career in the ring. [PAR] Photo: PHOTOSHOT [PAR] Comments [PAR] Although his own boxing career never progressed beyond domestic level, George subsequently took on a valuable backroom role as Henry went on to win the British, European and Commonwealth heavyweight crowns. [PAR] Along with Henry's long-time manager Jim \"the Bishop\" Wicks, George was in the corner for all his brother's most notable fights, including his gallant but unsuccessful world title challenge against Muhammad Ali at Highbury on May 21 1966. He was also there for Henry's final fight, against Joe Bugner at Wembley on March 16 1971, when the controversial decision by the referee, Harry Gibbs, to award Bugner victory by a quarter of a point led to Henry Cooper's retirement. [PAR] The Cooper twins \u2013 Henry was the elder by 20 minutes \u2013 were born on May 3 1934 in Westminster. Both boys (\"right little ruffians\", as Henry later recalled) inherited their father's love of boxing and first discovered their prowess in the school playground, where they invariably stood up for one another. [PAR] \"George and me were always very close,\" Henry declared in his autobiography, published in 1972. \"The only time we parted was when I got married. Even then, with Dad retired and him and Mum going to live at Margate, George came to live (with me) at Wembley until he was married. [PAR] \"We went to school together, we went boxing together, we were together in the Army. We look alike, we think alike, in temperament we're similar and often we catch ourselves repeating each other's remarks. Throughout our boxing lives I would go on first so that I wouldn't be worrying over George's fight when I got into the ring.\" [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australian cricketing brothers Steve and Mark Waugh reach ... Australian cricketing brothers Steve and Mark Waugh reach 50 not out | Russell Jackson | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Sportblog [PAR] Australian cricketing brothers Steve and Mark Waugh reach 50 not out [PAR] The twins are still remembered fondly by the man who was convinced of their cricket ability from an early age, if not their enthusiasm for work in a sports store [PAR] Steve and Mark Waugh, West Indies v Australia, 1st Test, Kingston, March 1991. Photograph: Patrick Eagar/Patrick Eagar via Getty Images [PAR] Monday 1 June 2015 19.52 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Monday 10 October 2016 21.52 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] \u201cThe boys are 50, can you imagine that? It makes me feel old,\u201d says a mildly alarmed Harry Solomons. The \u201cboys\u201d he speaks of are twins Steve and Mark Waugh, whom Solomons gave their first proper jobs in his Kingsrove Sports store when they were teenagers in the early 1980s. There the budding cricket stars roamed the shop floor selling bats and packing boxes but, by their own admission, not setting any benchmarks for employee diligence. [PAR] \u201cI ended up out the back in the warehouse,\u201d Mark once told cricket writer Mark Gately. \u201cI used to go to sleep in this huge, big box. I used to curl up and have a nap in there.\u201d Steve would term his work-day approach as \u201clooking busy, doing little,\u201d but more importantly working at Kingsgrove gave the young prospects plenty of time to hone their skills. [PAR] \u201cThey were both not the greatest of workers,\u201d Solomons laughs. \u201cThey did their job but they were just hell-bent on cricket you know, you could see it in them. All they wanted to do was play cricket. I think they just both very well knew that they would make it to the next level and into the Australian side. Mark was very laid back. Steve was a lot more intense.\u201d [PAR] In a subtle sign of things to come, at first only Steve won a bat sponsorship from Solomons, then an agent for the Indian bat brand Symonds. \u201cThe only reason [Mark] didn\u2019t get the deal is that I didn\u2019t have the budget for it. I\u2019d blown my budget by sponsoring so many others. But in the end a few months later I said, \u2018Bugger it, I\u2019m going to do it\u2019 and so I sponsored Mark too.\u201d [PAR] Their New South Wales underage squad team-mate Mark Taylor was another junior to benefit from Solomons\u2019 patronage, as did the Symonds brand\u2019s marquee name Allan Border, whose $11,000 deal to endorse the bats tripled the contracts on offer to all of his Australian team-mates. Equivalent deals now push the $500,000 mark. [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Kingsgrove Sports store\u2019s Harry Solomons with Mark and Steve Waugh in the late 1980s. Photograph: Supplied by Harry Solomons [PAR] Back then juniors made do with a token fee and some bats, but the Waugh brothers\u2019 time working at Kingsgrove was also when they started chasing the dream and finding their way in the world once their high school days were done. For them that period of upheaval was mercifully brief \u2013 barely 12 months \u2013 but certainly revealing of the character traits displayed in the international cricket careers that were to follow. [PAR] Steve enrolled in Milperra Teachers College but lasted a grand total of 90 minutes and only then after missing two weeks of classes whilst playing for the Australian Under-19s. Halfway through a music lecture he gathered his things and walked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wendy Richard: Actress who played Pauline Fowler in ... Wendy Richard: Actress who played Pauline Fowler in 'EastEnders' | The Independent [PAR] Wendy Richard: Actress who played Pauline Fowler in 'EastEnders' [PAR] Friday 27 February 2009 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] Wendy Richard: Actress who played Pauline Fowler in 'EastEnders' [PAR] 1/18 [PAR] (Photo by Ben Stansall/Getty Images) [PAR] 3/18 [PAR] (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images) [PAR] 4/18 [PAR] (Photo by John Li/Getty Images) [PAR] 6/18 [PAR] (Photo by Daily Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] 16/18 [PAR] (Photo by Frank Barratt/Keystone/Getty Images) [PAR] 17/18 [PAR] (Photo by Hoare/Daily Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] 18/18 [PAR] (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] When Julia Smith and Tony Holland, the creators of EastEnders, were planning the BBC television serial that was to bring the rough and tough world of London's East End into millions of viewers' living rooms, they wrote of its central character, the downtrodden mother Pauline Fowler: \"She's very conventional, and the salt of the earth. Jolly. Rounded. Someone you can get your arms round. She doesn't trust skinny people...\" [PAR] It marked a turning point in the career of the actress Wendy Richard, who was best known for playing dollybird roles such as that of the busty sales assistant Miss Brahms in the long-running situation comedy Are You Being Served? In her early forties, she was ready for a change. \"I'm sick of glamour,\" she told Tony Holland. \"I want to play my age. It's about time.\" [PAR] There was certainly little glamour about Pauline, the cockney mother-of-two who worked in the local launderette. The character had to contend with being pregnant again in her forties with a second son, Martin, the disappearance of her elder son, Mark \u2013 who later returned to Albert Square and revealed that he was HIV-positive \u2013 and her daughter Michelle's teenage pregnancy by the pub landlord Den Watts. There were also the deaths of Pauline's mother, Lou Beale, and her twin brother, Pete Beale. [PAR] On top of that came her husband Arthur's unemployment, his nervous breakdown, his affair with Christine Hewitt, two spells in prison and subsequent death, Michelle's emigration to the US, Mark's death and Pauline's own second marriage to Joe Macer, a widower whom she threw out after discovering that he was a criminal, only to take him back. [PAR] \"She was once described as the Boadicea of battle axes,\" said Richard of Pauline Fowler. \"It is something I take as a compliment. I think Pauline's crowning moment, literally, was when she hit Arthur with a frying pan when she found out he'd been carrying on with another woman. [PAR] \"Bill Treacher played Arthur and I remember when we recorded those scenes. We had 20 scenes, just the two of us, all day long. It was so emotionally draining because not only did I have to hit Arthur with a frying pan, I had to throw a television at him! Fortunately they had taken the inside out, but I still pulled a muscle in my back when I gave it a good heave.\" [PAR] Richard resented criticism that Pauline was dowdy. \"I've always thought about changing Pauline's image, but it wouldn't be right,\" she said when EastEnders celebrated its 20th anniversary. \"She's not really dowdy; people talk about her cardigans, but I haven't worn a cardigan for 15 years. Pauline's costume has never come from a second-hand shop and there is nothing wrong with Marks & Spencer and Next, where most of her clothes come from. So I think, in that respect, she is quite well dressed.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] He-Man - Heroes Wiki - Wikia He-Man | Heroes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] That's not very lady-like. Then again, you're not much of a lady, are you? [PAR] \u201e [PAR] ~ He-Man [PAR] He-Man is the chief protagonist of the Masters Of The Universe franchise and is a space-age warrior who defends his world and others from the forces of the warlord Skeletor, who also happens to be one of the universe's most powerful and feared dark magicians. [PAR] He-Man is actually Prince Adam, son of King Randor of Eternia. His powers come from a blessed sword that when utilised by the hero grants him the legendary power of Greyskull by which he can defeat almost any threat (in the live-action film using this sword He-Man was powerful enough to battle Skeletor when the mad dictator had attained literal godlike status). [PAR] He-Man, along with his pet tiger Battlecat and the other Masters Of The Universe, has become an icon of sorts and has spawned many cartoon series, TV shows and movies based around the subject - he is also the main character of the hugely successful toy line from which these adventures derived. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Filmation Series [PAR] By the time the Filmation series was being developed, He-Man's origins had been revised as follows: his true identity is Prince Adam of Eternia, son of King Randor and Queen Marlena who live in the palace of Eternos along with Adam and the rest of their inner circle. Marlena was a lost astronaut from the planet Earth. The Sorceress of Castle Grayskull endows Prince Adam with the power to transform into He-Man, which Adam does by raising his Power Sword and proclaiming: \"By the power of Grayskull!\" [PAR] Prince Adam's pet is a cowardly green tiger named Cringer. When Adam becomes He-Man, he similarly transforms Cringer into a brave armored green tiger named Battle Cat. Battle Cat serves as He-Man's steed and fierce fighting companion; like He-Man, he was created prior to his alter ego. [PAR] Adam is friendly with the beautiful and strong-willed Teela, the adoptive daughter of his mentor Duncan. Adam and Teela grew up together and now, as Captain of the Guard, Teela is entrusted to protect the prince. She often sees Adam as lazy and cowardly because she is unaware of his alternate identity as He-Man. Teela is revealed to be the only daughter of the Sorceress and the future inheritor of Grayskull; the Sorceress chose adoption for Teela after her father died, when she was just a baby. [PAR] Duncan, also known as Man-At-Arms, is He-Man's closest companion and the Eternian royal family's innovator of technology and weapons. In many episodes, Man-At-Arms unveils new and fantastic weapons or devices that help He-Man and his friends. [PAR] Castle Grayskull is the source of He-Man's powers. Inside the Castle lives the Sorceress, who grants Prince Adam his transformative abilities, and communicates telepathically with He-Man. The episode \"Evil-Lyn's Plot\" reveals that she also created He-Man's harness from a rare Eternian mineral called Coridite, which adds to his physical strength. [PAR] To protect his family, He-Man keeps his double identity secret, sharing the knowledge only with Man-At-Arms, Orko, Cringer/Battle Cat, and the Sorceress; with the advent of the She-Ra: Princess of Power series, this list is expanded to also include Adora/She-Ra, Spirit/Swift Wind, Light Hope, Loo-Kee, Madame Razz, and Kowl. The original cartoon series also includes the dragon Granamyr and the cosmic enforcer Zodac being in on He-Man's secret. The episode \"The Rainbow Warrior\" also strongly hints that Queen Marlena"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jess | Postman Pat Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Jess | Postman Pat Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Jess is Postman Pat 's cat who always comes with him on his post rounds. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Bio [PAR] Jess has been owned by Pat since he was a kitten. He is good natured, but sometimes runs away or gets into trouble. Pat is always happy to have Jess come with him on his rounds, as it makes for good company. [PAR] Persona [PAR] Jess is a lively black and white cat, who knows when to be awake and when to be asleep. When he is awake often, he has very adventurous nature and will often leave the van when Pat's back is turned to chase birds out of trees. Lately, Jess has shown that he also has a rather heroic streak and will often climb up to high places and into narrow spaces where humans can't go to retrieve things. [PAR] Jess can be a little bit of a mischeivious scamp, but for Pat, life would not be the same without him. Jess can also be very intelligent and sometimes, Pat thinks that maybe Jess is actually the brains of the outfit. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Jess has appeared with Pat in every episode of Postman Pat except for Postman Pat in a Muddle . [PAR] He also is the star of his own spin-show, \"Guess with Jess\", where he has the ability to speak. [PAR] Jess was also one of the many characters who featured in Postman Pat the Movie . [PAR] Performers [PAR] Melissa Sinden (Postman Pat; Postman Pat and the Greendale Rocket onwards) [PAR] Charlie George (Guess with Jess) [PAR] Mike Disa (Postman Pat the Movie) [PAR] Trivia [PAR] \"Postman Pat in a Muddle\" is the only episode Jess does not feature in. [PAR] In the Woodland episodes, Jess' meowing sounds were just recordings of proper cats, but in the later episodes, his vocals have been provided by a voice artist. [PAR] Ever since the episodes were animated by Cosgrove Hall, Jess as worn a little red collar. [PAR] In \"Guess with Jess\", Jess has a little bell on his collar. [PAR] Gallery[DOC] [TLE] Jess The Cat: Postman Pat | eBay Jess The Cat: Postman Pat | eBay [PAR] Jess The Cat [PAR] Stroke or pat Jess' head and hear her meow and purr to show how much she likes it! The more you touch the more she will react! [PAR] Condition: [PAR] 1 bid [PAR] + \u00a32.90 P&P [PAR] Played with and showing a few light marks. I think these date back to 2005, so they are doing well for age. [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] We will always go out of our way to source the product you are looking for. Add to Favourites. [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] + \u00a32.85 P&P [PAR] 6 x JESS THE CAT CARDS. & MORE (BONUS GAME). WORD RHYMING GAME. 21 x BONUS GAME CARDS. 24 x RHYMING CARDS. [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] To sit inside the van. Good condition complete with steering wheel and wing mirrors. All good condition. [PAR] or Best Offer [PAR] + \u00a33.25 P&P [PAR] This is a very reluctant sale but must go along with the rest of my toy, collectible, Marvel and DC collection. Bring your child's imagination to life. Fans of the show, both young and old will love t... [PAR] 0 bids [PAR] + \u00a33.75 P&P"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Page 4. - Photos. - George Adamson Page 4. - Photos. [PAR] Baba ya Simba (Father of Lions) [PAR] George Adamson with Elsa the Lioness [PAR] He raised Elsa from a cub and taught her to live wild. [PAR] Elsa when younger checking out a bird. [PAR] Elsa when more mature not quite as interested in a bird. [PAR] TRUST and Friendship .... Elsa and George Resting Together [PAR] George and Elsa at the River [PAR] George and some sweet lion friends. [PAR] This little lion is trying to lend a 'helping paw' to fix the Land Rover. [PAR] George Adamson working on his stalled Land Rover. [PAR] It takes a truly unique and rugged individual to live such a tough life [PAR] of total dependency on only your own knowledge and your own nerve. [PAR] George at his remote bush camp, 'Kampi ya Simba [PAR] in the Kora Reserve in Kenya, East Africa. [PAR] Keeping his weapon ready for poachers. George was an expert marksman. [PAR] The photo above is taken in his dining hut which had a thatched roof and dirt floor. [PAR] Elsa receives 'double' hugs from George and George's [PAR] friend/assistant Makede while they all take a break. [PAR] George with Boy the Lion [PAR] After Boy and his dear friend Girl starred in the award winning movie Born Free [PAR] it was agreed they would be released to the wild and George set about training them [PAR] as he had done with his beloved Elsa. [PAR] George relaxing with 2 of his many Lion friends. [PAR] George walking with Boy and Christian. [PAR] George said these were some of his happiest days. [PAR] Kora at this time was still wild and peaceful with few humans to destroy it. [PAR] George with orphaned cub. [PAR] Photo taken at his bush camp in the Kora Reserve called \"Kampi ya Simba\" (Swahili for Camp of the Lions) [PAR] Virginia McKenna & Bill Travers [PAR] in mess hut at 'Kampi ya Simba.\" [PAR] George Adamson with Girl the Lioness on rocky outcropping. [PAR] George Adamnson feeding Sam, Girl's cub [PAR] George with a little lion cub.... [PAR] Ouch! Those little nails are sharp!!! [PAR] George Adamson walking with Girl the Lioness. [PAR] Tim Lapage and George Adamson [PAR] When asked what paperwork was being exchanged, Tim replied, [PAR] \"He was handing me a document to fly up to Naivasha to give to Joy as I remember.\" [PAR] Thanks to Tim Lapage Safariexperts for this photo. [PAR] George Adamson with his good friend Bill Travers at George's bush camp in Kenya. [PAR] Bill [PAR] portrayed George in the classic movie BORN FREE. [PAR] Bill's wife Virginia McKenna played George's wife Joy Adamson. [PAR] George Adamson [PAR] Photo kindly provided by Virginia McKenna. [PAR] George Adamson with his beloved lions. [PAR] Photo taken by his good friend actor/conservationist, Bill Travers. [PAR] George Adamson at Kora [PAR] The two brothers were very close. [PAR] George Adamson [PAR] You may notice that George has on his East African Wilflife Society tie! [PAR] Always thinking of wildlife and animals! [PAR] (See entire photo below which includes Joy and Actors.) [PAR] 1972 - George Adamson, Susan Hampshire [PAR] (actress) [PAR] , Joy Adamson and Nigel Davenport [PAR] (actor) [PAR] (Hampshire and Davenport starred in the 2nd movie about Elsa the Lioness titled Living Free. [PAR] ) [PAR] The 1st movie Born Free was followed by Living Free which many persons found disappointing. [PAR] Living Free was unfortunately not as realistic and the actors certainly did not have genuine affection for animals [PAR] as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Lion , The Witch, and The Wardrobe ... SparkNotes: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe: Character List [PAR] The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe [PAR] C. S. Lewis [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Aslan - The king and god of Narnia. The noble lion sacrifices his life so that the Witch will spare Edmund. After being resurrected the next morning, Aslan rises and defeats the White Witch once and for all. In the context of the book's Christian allegory, Aslan represents Christ. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Aslan. [PAR] The White Witch - This evil queen of Narnia places a spell on the land so that it is winter and never Christmas. The Witch is the \"Emperor's hangman,\" as Mr. Beaver says, and she has the right to kill any Narnian traitor. She wields a wand that turns creatures and people to stone. The wand also produces the Turkish Delight that enslaves Edmund and makes him greedy. The Witch kills Aslan, and it is only after he rises from the dead that he defeats her. Like any malicious character, the Witch, an embodiment of evil, could represent Satan, or she may be a servant of Satan. \"She calls herself the Queen of Narnia thought she has no right to be queen at all, and all the Fauns and Dryands and Naiads and Dwarfs and Animals\u2014at least all the good ones\u2014simply hate her.\" [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of The White Witch. [PAR] Peter Pevensie - Peter is the oldest of the Pevensie children, and he is noble and courageous. He matures into a young man during his first few days in Narnia. He immediately proves himself after protecting Susan from a ferocious wolf. Aslan knights him, and eventually crowns him the High King of Narnia. During his reign he is known as King Peter the Magnificent. [PAR] Susan Pevensie - The second oldest of the Pevensie children, Susan is the beauty among the Pevensies. She is sweet and kind, and perhaps a little bland. Santa Claus gives her a horn to blow if she ever finds herself in a dangerous situation. When she becomes queen at Cair Paravel, she is known as Queen Susan the Gentle. [PAR] Edmund Pevensie - The third oldest Pevensie child, Edmund is a brat for most of The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe. Edmund is spiteful and mean, and likes to tease his sister, Lucy. His greed for the enchanted Turkish Delight leads him to act as a traitor against his siblings. Edmund joins forces with the White Witch, but eventually sees the error of his ways and returns to the good side. [PAR] Lucy Pevensie - The youngest Pevensie is cheerful, kind, and brave. This curious, happy-go-lucky girl is the first of the children to venture into Narnia. Later, she urges her siblings to search for her friend, Tumnus, when they find that the faun's home is ransacked. In the beginning, she is the protagonist, although Aslan fills that role later in the novel. We view much of the action through her optimistic eyes, as a foil to the skeptical eyes as Edmund. Santa Claus gives Lucy a cordial, which she uses to heal the wounded following the battle with the Witch's troops. She is known as Queen Lucy the Valiant. [PAR] Tumnus - Lucy meets Tumnus, a faun, on her first excursion into Narnia. He initially intends to kidnap her and bring her to the White Witch. Tumnus does not go through with it, and he spares her life. For his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jungle Book (Part1) - YouTube The Jungle Book (Part1) - YouTube [PAR] The Jungle Book (Part1) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 26, 2012 [PAR] I like to read children story to my little daughter who enjoys the sound of my voice and make her feel good while listening at the fairy-tale. I would like to share our experiences with all of you. Bagheera the Black Panther find a boy in the river, Mowgli. He let a wolf's family to raise him. Bagheera has to fight the tiger Shere Khan. Baloo a friendly bear who soon began his best friend rescue Mowgli from a tribe of monkey. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'The Cat in the Hat' is back on PBS! - NY Daily News 'The Cat in the Hat' is back on PBS! - NY Daily News [PAR] 'The Cat in the Hat' is back! With a new animated show on PBS that is . . . [PAR] 'The Cat in the Hat' is back on PBS! [PAR] Dr. Seuss' whimsical feline is back in 'The Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That,' a new animated series for kids on PBS. [PAR] (pbskids.org) [PAR] DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER [PAR] Sunday, September 5, 2010, 4:00 AM [PAR] Dr. Seuss' Cat in the Hat has spent so much time in America 's life that it comes as a mild surprise to realize he has never had an animated children's TV series. [PAR] Until now. [PAR] \"The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That\" launches Monday on PBS (Ch. 13, 9 a.m.), as part of the PBS Kids series, and if it took a long time, Theodor Geisel's widow, Audrey, and his last editor, Kate Klimo , say they believe they've gotten it right. [PAR] Unlike, say, the Mike Myers \"Cat in the Hat\" movie, which Klimo diplomatically says \"epitomizes the challenges in bringing a great book to the screen.\" [PAR] The new animated Cat has a slightly different mission from what he had when Geisel started writing Dr. Seuss books in 1957. [PAR] Geisel's original goal was to make reading fun. This Cat aims to do the same with science. [PAR] \"Toward the end of his life,\" says Klimo, who is now the publisher of Random House Children's books, and developed this series for PBS, \"Ted wanted to deploy the Cat to turn kids on to science. His great fear was that American kids were falling behind the rest of the world.\" [PAR] The Cat's solution, happily, is not to lecture on the human genome or the breakdown of hydrochloric acid. Instead, he takes children out into the world, sometimes on a magical flying vehicle found nowhere in the Boeing catalogue, and explains how seemingly simple things really happen. [PAR] In the \"Show Me the Honey\" episode, the Cat explains how bees make honey and organize the social order of the hive. [PAR] \"The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That\" began as a series of books, the popularity of which helped propel the TV series. [PAR] \"We wanted to instill in kids a love of science without boring them senseless,\" says Klimo. [PAR] She says Geisel, who died in 1991, loved animation - \"He was first and foremost a cartoonist\" - and it's not clear why he never tackled an animated series himself. [PAR] She thinks he would be happy with this one, which required assembling multiple pieces. [PAR] That includes Martin Short , who does the Cat's voice \"and gets him perfectly,\" says Klimo. [PAR] Animator Tony Collingwood previously had worked on an animated TV special of Seuss' \"Daisy Head Maisy.\" [PAR] Perhaps the hardest part, says Klimo, was honing writers. [PAR] \"Like any great icon of children's literature,\" she says, \"Dr. Seuss is both a good example and gives rise to terrible imitators. A lot of people mimic his rhyming style without understanding it's a kind of freewheeling thing. [PAR] \"So we culled artists and did a lot of rhyme-doctoring. We cracked the whip a lot.\" [PAR] Klimo admits the Cat can be \"anarchical\" and likens him at times to \" Fred Astaire on nitrous oxide.\" [PAR] But at the end of the day, she says, he delivers the goods - and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats - Moggies Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats [PAR] Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats [PAR] By Thomas Stearns Eliot (1886-1965) [PAR] Nobel Prize Winner for Literature - 1948 [PAR] The Ad-dressing of Cats [PAR] The Naming of Cats The Naming of Cats is a difficult matter, It isn't just one of your holiday games; You may think at first I'm as mad as a hatter When I tell you, a cat must have THREE DIFFERENT NAMES. First of all, there's the name that the family use daily, Such as Peter, Augustus, Alonzo or James, Such as Victor or Jonathan, George or Bill Bailey-- All of them sensible everyday names. There are fancier names if you think they sound sweeter, Some for the gentlemen, some for the dames: Such as Plato, Admetus, Electra, Demeter-- But all of them sensible everyday names. But I tell you, a cat needs a name that's particular, A name that's peculiar, and more dignified, Else how can he keep up his tail perpendicular, Or spread out his whiskers, or cherish his pride? Of names of this kind, I can give you a quorum, Such as Munkustrap, Quaxo, or Coricopat, Such as Bombalurina, or else Jellylorum- Names that never belong to more than one cat. But above and beyond there's still one name left over, And that is the name that you never will guess; The name that no human research can discover-- But THE CAT HIMSELF KNOWS, and will never confess. When you notice a cat in profound meditation , The reason, I tell you, is always the same: His mind is engaged in a rapt contemplation Of the thought, of the thought, of the thought of his name: His ineffable effable Effanineffable Deep and inscrutable singular Name. [PAR] The Old Gumbie Cat I have a Gumbie Cat in mind, her name is Jennyanydots; Her coat is of the tabby kind, with tiger stripes and leopard spots. All day she sits upon the stair or on the steps or on the mat; She sits and sits and sits and sits--and that's what makes a Gumbie Cat! But when the day's hustle and bustle is done, Then the Gumbie Cat's work is but hardly begun. And when all the family's in bed and asleep, She tucks up her skirts to the basement to creep. She is deeply concerned with the ways of the mice-- Their behaviour's not good and their manners not nice; So when she has got them lined up on the matting, She teachs them music, crocheting and tatting. I have a Gumbie Cat in mind, her name is Jennyanydots; Her equal would be hard to find, she likes the warm and sunny spots. All day she sits beside the hearth or on the bed or on my hat: She sits and sits and sits and sits--and that's what makes a Gumbie Cat! But when the day's hustle and bustle is done, Then the Gumbie Cat's work is but hardly begun. As she finds that the mice will not ever keep quiet, She is sure it is due to irregular diet; And believing that nothing is done without trying, She sets right to work with her baking and frying. She makes them a mouse--cake of bread and dried peas, And a beautiful fry of lean bacon and cheese. I have a Gumbie Cat in mind, her name is Jennyanydots; The curtain-cord she likes to wind, and tie it into sailor-knots. She sits upon the window-sill, or anything that's smooth and flat: She sits and sits and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catwoman (2004) - IMDb Catwoman (2004) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A shy woman, endowed with the speed, reflexes, and senses of a cat, walks a thin line between criminal and hero, even as a detective doggedly pursues her, fascinated by both of her personas. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 31 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 17 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 13 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 14 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Catwoman \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 8 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Elektra the warrior survives a near-death experience, becomes an assassin-for-hire, and tries to protect her two latest targets, a single father and his young daughter, from a group of supernatural assassins. [PAR] Director: Rob Bowman [PAR] Batman and Robin try to keep their relationship together even as they must stop Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from freezing Gotham City. [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] A man blinded by toxic waste which also enhanced his remaining senses fights crime as an acrobatic martial arts superhero. [PAR] Director: Mark Steven Johnson [PAR] Batman must battle Two-Face and The Riddler with help from an amorous psychologist and a young circus acrobat who becomes his sidekick, Robin. [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] Stunt motorcyclist Johnny Blaze gives up his soul to become a hellblazing vigilante, to fight against power hungry Blackheart, the son of the devil himself. [PAR] Director: Mark Steven Johnson [PAR] As Johnny Blaze hides out in Eastern Europe, he is called upon to stop the devil, who is trying to take human form. [PAR] Directors: Mark Neveldine, Brian Taylor [PAR] Stars: Nicolas Cage, Ciar\u00e1n Hinds, Idris Elba [PAR] Catwoman attempts to track down a mysterious cargo shipment that is linked to a Gotham City crime boss called Rough Cut. [PAR] Director: Lauren Montgomery [PAR] Reckless test pilot Hal Jordan is granted an alien ring that bestows him with otherworldly powers that inducts him into an intergalactic police force, the Green Lantern Corps. [PAR] Director: Martin Campbell [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Catwoman is the story of shy, sensitive artist Patience Philips, a woman who can't seem to stop apologizing for her own existence. She works as a graphic designer for Hedare Beauty, a mammoth cosmetics company on the verge of releasing a revolutionary anti-aging product. When Patience inadvertently happens upon a dark secret her employer is hiding, she finds herself in the middle of a corporate conspiracy. What happens next changes Patience forever. In a mystical twist of fate, she is transformed into a woman with the strength, speed, agility and ultra-keen senses of a cat. With her newfound prowess and feline intuition, Patience becomes Catwoman, a sleek and stealthy creature balancing on the thin line between good and bad. Like any wildcat, she's dangerous, elusive and untamed. Her adventures are complicated by a burgeoning relationship with Tom Lone, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donny Osmond - Puppy Love - YouTube Donny Osmond - Puppy Love - YouTube [PAR] Donny Osmond - Puppy Love [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jun 15, 2007 [PAR] ss[DOC] [TLE] 07 The UK Number Ones 1970-1974 - onlineweb.com The UK Number Ones : 1970-1974 [PAR] -now [PAR] [PAR] Week Ending ACT + Links TITLE Weeks TALLY COMMENT 31 Jan 1970 Edison Lighthouse Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes) 5 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] Studio act with lead singer Tony Burrows . He sang on hits for many other groups. [PAR] 7 Mar 1970 Lee Marvin Wandrin' Star 3 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] Tough-guy actor who growled this song in his film \"Paint Your Wagon\". [PAR] 28 Mar 1970 Simon & Garfunkel Bridge Over Troubled Water 3 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] Only Art Garfunkel sings on this perennial favourite. Paul Simon went on to even greater solo success, but never made No 1. [PAR] 18 Apr 1970 Dana All Kinds Of Everything 2 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] First Eurovision winner for Ireland. Her career was shorter than most expected. [PAR] 2 May 1970 Norman Greenbaum Spirit In The Sky 2 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] A \"Praising Jesus\" song that Norman wrote himself. Doctor & The Medics took the song to No 1 in 1986. [PAR] 16 May 1970 England World Cup Squad Back Home 3 [PAR] 1st No 1 [PAR] Mexico World Cup sing-along, which did not help England to win the cup. [PAR] 6 Jun 1970 Christie Yellow River 1 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] Written by Jeff Christie for the Tremeloes who turned it down - so he recorded it himself. [PAR] 13 Jun 1970 Mungo Jerry In The Summertime 7 [PAR] 1st No 1 [PAR] Good-time band led by Ray Dorset. The song has been revived several times since. [PAR] 1 Aug 1970 Elvis Presley The Wonder Of You 6 [PAR] 16th No 1 [PAR] He was reviving his career in Las Vegas, and this is a live recording from his show. At this point he was still one behind the Beatles. [PAR] 12 Sep 1970 Smokey Robinson & The Miracles Tears Of A Clown 1 [PAR] 1st No 1 [PAR] Motown act - Robinson was a director of the company. He had a solo No 1 in 1981. [PAR] 19 Sep 1970 Freda Payne Band Of Gold 6 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] Song about marriage failure from an actress, produced by former Motown men. [PAR] 31 Oct 1970 Matthew's Southern Comfort Woodstock 3 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] 21 Nov 1970 Jimi Hendrix Voodoo Chile 1 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] American with legendary status who found fame in London, where he died two months prior to this No 1. [PAR] 28 Nov 1970 [PAR] Xmas No 1 Dave Edmunds I Hear You Knockin' 6 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] Mainly a producer, he has been involved in hits for dozens of artists. [PAR] 9 Jan 1971 Clive Dunn Grandad 3 [PAR] Only No 1 [PAR] \"Dad's Army\" star who tapped seasonal sentimentality that Christmas & New Year. [PAR] 30 Jan 1971 George Harrison My Sweet Lord 5 [PAR] 1st No 1 [PAR] The ex-Beatle excelled with this, but was sued for plagiarism a few years later. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Questions - Documents - DOCSLIDE.US My Questions - Documents [PAR] Documents [PAR] Share My Questions [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html\" width=\"750\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html\" title=\"My Questions\" target=\"_blank\">My Questions</a></div> [PAR] size(px) [PAR] Download My Questions [PAR] Transcript [PAR] Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line \"Stick a pony in me pocket\"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show \"A Question Of Sport\"? Which \"Generation Game\" presenter was famous for his catchphrase \"Shut That Door\"? \"No Mean City\" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as \"La Cosa Nostra\"? What was the Titanic\u2019s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series \"Just Good Friends\"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film \"The Karate Kid\"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means \"empty orchestra\"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Denise Richards Movie List - Want to Know it Denise Richards Movie List [PAR] Denise Richards Movie List [PAR] 14 May, 2011 list [PAR] 0 [PAR] Denise Richards is a celebrity actress who started her career in the entertainment industry as a model. She moved to LA after she graduated from high school to pursue a career in acting. Her early roles were in lower budget movies and television shows, but her breakthrough came in 1997 with the science fiction movie \u201cStarship Troopers.\u201d She took the role as a \u201cBond girl\u201d in the 1999 movie \u201cThe World Is Not Enough,\u201d but was widely criticized. Although she has made many appearances in television and movies since, her career never reached the heights that many had expected. This is a list of movies that Denise Richards has acted in during her career so far. [PAR] Movie Title/Year/Character [PAR] Madea\u2019s Witness Protection 2012 Kate Needleman [PAR] Blue Lagoon: The Awakening 2012 Barbara Robinson [PAR] Cougars, Inc. 2011 Judy [PAR] Deep in the Valley 2009 Autumn Bliss [PAR] Kambakkht Ishq 2009 [PAR] Blonde and Blonder 2008 Dawn St. Dom [PAR] Edmond 2005 B-Girl [PAR] I Do (But I Don\u2019t) 2004 Lauren Crandell [PAR] Elvis Has Left the Building 2004 Belinda [PAR] Yo puta 2004 Rebecca Smith [PAR] Scary Movie 3 2003 Annie [PAR] Love Actually 2003 Carla, the real friendly one [PAR] You Stupid Man 2002 Chloe [PAR] The Third Wheel 2002 Diana Evans [PAR] Undercover Brother 2002 White She Devil [PAR] Empire 2002 Trish [PAR] Good Advice 2001 Cindy Styne [PAR] Valentine 2001 Paige Prescott [PAR] 919 Fifth Avenue 2000 Cathy Damore [PAR] Tail Lights Fade 1999 Wendy [PAR] The World Is Not Enough 1999 Dr. Christmas Jones [PAR] Drop Dead Gorgeous 1999 Rebecca \u2018Becky\u2019 Ann Leeman [PAR] Wild Things 1998 Kelly Van Ryan [PAR] Starship Troopers 1997 Lt. Carmen Ibanez [PAR] Nowhere 1997 Jana [PAR] Pier 66 1996 Carlin Mills [PAR] In the Blink of an Eye 1996 Tina Jacobs [PAR] P.C.H. 1995 Jess [PAR] Tammy and the T-Rex 1994 Tammy [PAR] Lookin\u2019 Italian 1994 Elizabeth [PAR] Loaded Weapon 1 1993 Cindy [PAR] Related Movie Lists [PAR] Charlie Sheen Movie List \u2013 They were married from 2002-2006 and have 2 children together. [PAR] Kevin Bacon Movie List \u2013 They both starred in the cult movie \u201cWild Things.\u201d [PAR] 0"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dickie Valentine on Apple Music - iTunes Dickie Valentine on Apple Music [PAR] To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Never a major star, Dickie Valentine nevertheless had two number singles in 1955 and was voted Top UK male vocalist of 1952 while singing with the Ted Heath Band before embarking on a solo career. Born Richard Bryce in Marylebone, London on the 4th of November 1929, he first tried his hand at singing while he was working as child actor and developed an act, impersonating other singers of the time. He appeared in several movies as a child and got his break when he signed to the Ted Heath Band. He married Elizabeth Flynn in 1954 just as his solo career was getting underway in earnest. He signed to Decca records and his first chart entry was as the chart was only three months old in February 1953 with a competing version of \"Broken Wings,\", a song which the Stargazers took to the top and resoundly won that particularly battle, although on later releases he would team up with the vocal group. Early in 1955 his version of the romantic ballad \"Finger of Suspicion\" hit number one. and that year was his peak year with three other top 10 singles, Mr Sandman, A Blossom Fell and I Wonder, all covers of successful American songs, and at the end of the year he enjoyed his second (and final) chart topper with Christmas Alphabet, a sickly sweet run through the spelling of the word Christmas and the first no.1 created specifically for the Christmas market. Rock n Roll was coming however, and Dickie Valentine's style of crooning was considered old fashioned and although during 1956 he had his own TV series, The Dickie Valentine Show, on which he partnered Peter Sellers, the hits had virtually dried up and he had only one further top 10 single the following Christmas with another attempt to capture the holiday market, Christmas Island. Changing record companies in 1959 to Pye Nixa did not change his fortunes and he had two further minor hits before falling off the charts for the final time just two weeks shy of the new decade. He remained popular on the cabaret and live circuit throughout the 1960s but travelling from a gig in Wales on the 6th of May 1971, he was killed in a car crash aged just 41. ~ Sharon Mawer [PAR] Top Albums"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mars' Moons: Facts About Phobos & Deimos - Space.com Mars' Moons: Facts About Phobos & Deimos [PAR] Mars' Moons: Facts About Phobos & Deimos [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] June 27, 2016 06:00pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Of the four rocky, terrestrial planets, only Mars has more than one moon. The two small bodies that orbit the red planet are both smaller than Earth's moon, and raise a number of questions about the formation of the early solar system. [PAR] Identity crisis [PAR] Phobos and Deimos bear more resemblance to asteroids than to Earth's moon. Both are tiny \u2014 the larger, Phobos, is only 14 miles across (22 kilometers), while the smaller, Deimos, is only 8 miles (13 km), making them some of the smallest moons in the solar system. [PAR] Both are also made up of material that resembles Type I or II carbonaceous chondrites, the substance that makes up asteroids . With their elongated shapes, they even look more like asteroids than moons. [PAR] Even from Mars , the moons don't look like moons. The more distant moon, Deimos, appears more like a star in the night sky. When it is full and shining at its brightest, it resembles Venus as seen on Earth. Phobos has the closest orbit to its primary of any moon in the solar system, but still only appears a third as wide as Earth's full moon . [PAR] Phobos orbits only 3,700 miles (6,000 km) from the Martian ground. Its surface is marred by debris that may have come from impacts on Mars. It travels around the planet three times a day, zipping across the Martian sky approximately once every four hours. The fast-flying moon appears to travel from west to east. [PAR] Deimos orbits much farther away, tending to stay 12,470 miles (20,069 km) from the red planet's surface. The moon takes about 30 hours, a little over a Martian day, to travel around its host. [PAR] Lunar origins [PAR] Because of their odd shapes and strange composition, scientists thought for a long time that both moons were born asteroids. Jupiter's gravity could have nudged them into orbit around Mars, allowing the red planet to capture them. [PAR] But the orbits of the moons make such a birth appear unlikely. Both moons take stable, nearly circular paths around the red planet. Captured bodies tend to move more erratically. An atmosphere could have slowed the pair down and settled them into their present-day orbits, but the air on the Martian planet is thin and insufficient for such a task. [PAR] It is possible that the moons formed like the planet, from debris left over from the creation of Mars. Gravity could have drawn the remaining rocks into the two oddly shaped bodies. [PAR] Or, the moons could have spawned from a violent birth, much like Earth's moon . A collision, common in the early solar system, could have blown chunks of the red planet into space, and gravity may have pulled them together into the moons. Similarly, an early moon of Mars could have been impacted by a large object, leaving Phobos and Deimos as the only remaining bits. [PAR] Discovery and death [PAR] For years, scientists thought that Mars had no moon. Johannes Kepler suggested the possibility of two moons around the red planet, but only from a numerical standpoint; Earth had one moon and Jupiter, at the time, was known to have four , so the middle planet would likely have two. [PAR] It wasn't until American astronomer Asaph Hall made a thorough study of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) - Rotten Tomatoes View All Photos (10) [PAR] Movie Info [PAR] In the last and the best installment of his so-called \"Dollars\" trilogy of Sergio Leone-directed \"spaghetti westerns,\" Clint Eastwood reprised the role of a taciturn, enigmatic loner. Here he searches for a cache of stolen gold against rivals the Bad (Lee Van Cleef), a ruthless bounty hunter, and the Ugly (Eli Wallach), a Mexican bandit. Though dubbed \"the Good,\" Eastwood's character is not much better than his opponents -- he is just smarter and shoots faster. The film's title reveals its ironic attitude toward the canonized heroes of the classical western. \"The real West was the world of violence, fear, and brutal instincts,\" claimed Leone. \"In pursuit of profit there is no such thing as good and evil, generosity or deviousness; everything depends on chance, and not the best wins but the luckiest.\" Immensely entertaining and beautifully shot in Techniscope by Tonino Delli Colli, the movie is a virtually definitive \"spaghetti western,\" rivaled only by Leone's own Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). The main musical theme by Ennio Morricone hit #1 on the British pop charts. Originally released in Italy at 177 minutes, the movie was later cut for its international release. ~ Yuri German, Rovi [PAR] Rating:[DOC] [TLE] The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Official Trailer ... - YouTube The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Official Trailer #1 - Clint Eastwood Movie (1966) HD - YouTube [PAR] The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Official Trailer #1 - Clint Eastwood Movie (1966) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 5, 2012 [PAR] Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h [PAR] Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn [PAR] Subscribe to CLASSIC TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u43jDe [PAR] Like us on FACEBOOK: http://goo.gl/dHs73 [PAR] Follow us on TWITTER: http://bit.ly/1ghOWmt [PAR] The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Official Trailer #1 - Clint Eastwood Movie (1966) HD [PAR] The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Trailer - Directed by Sergio Leone and starring Eli Wallach, Clint Eastwood, Lee Van Cleef, Lee Van Cleef, Aldo Giuffr\u00c8. A bounty hunting scam joins two men in an uneasy alliance against a third in a race to find a fortune in gold buried in a remote cemetery. [PAR] MGM - 1966"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MAURETANIA 1906 | Vintage Machines Decorations ... MAURETANIA 1906 | Vintage Machines Decorations, 1800techgallery.com [PAR] MAURETANIA 1906 [PAR] [PAR] RMS Mauretania (also known as the \"Maury\") was an ocean liner designed by Leonard Peskett and built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson at Wallsend, Tyne and Wear for the British Cunard Line, and launched on 20 September 1906. At the time, she was the largest and fastest ship in the world. Mauretania became a favourite among her passengers. After capturing the Blue Riband for the fastest transatlantic crossing during her 1907 inaugural season, Mauretania held the speed record for twenty-two years. [PAR] [PAR] The ship's name was taken from Mauretania, an ancient Roman province on the northwest African coast, not related to the modern Mauritania. Similar nomenclature was also employed by Mauretania's sister ship, the Lusitania, which was named after the Roman province directly north of Mauretania, across the Strait of Gibraltar, the region that now is Portugal. [PAR] [PAR] Overview [PAR] [PAR] In 1897 the German liner SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse became the largest and fastest ship in the world. Eventually Germany was dominating the Atlantic and by 1906 they had five four funnels superliners, four of them being owned by the same company and part of the so called \"Kaiser class\". [PAR] [PAR] With a speed of 22 knots (41 km/h), it captured the Blue Riband from Cunard Line's Campania and Lucania. At around the same time American financier J. P. Morgan\u2019s International Mercantile Marine Co. was attempting to monopolize the shipping trade, and had already acquired Britain's other major transatlantic line White Star. In the face of these threats the Cunard Line was determined to regain the prestige of ocean travel back not only to the company, but also to Great Britain. In 1903, Cunard Line and the British government reached an agreement to build two superliners, the Lusitania and Mauretania, with a guaranteed service speed of no less than 24 knots (44 km/h), the British government were to loan \u00a32,600,000 (\u00a3207 million as of 2011), for the construction of Mauretania and Lusitania at an interest rate of 2.75% to be paid back over twenty years with a stipulation that the ships could be converted to Armed Merchant Cruisers if needed; also to fund these ships further the admiralty arranged for Cunard to be paid an additional \u00a3150,000 per year to their mail subsidy. [PAR] [PAR] Design and construction [PAR] [PAR] The Mauretania and her sister Lusitania were both designed by Cunard naval architect Leonard Peskett with Swan Hunter and John Brown working from the plans for an ocean greyhound with a stipulated service speed of twenty-four knots in moderate weather for her mail subsidy contract. Peskett's original configuration for the ships in 1903 was a three-funnel design when reciprocating engines were destined to be the powerplant. A giant model of the ships in this configuration appeared in Shipbuilder's magazine. Cunard in 1904 decided to change powerplants to Parson's new turbine technology and Peskett then implemented a fourth funnel to the ship's profile as the ships design was again modified before construction of the vessel finally began. [PAR] [PAR] In 1906, Mauretania was launched by the Duchess of Roxburghe. At the time of her launch, she was the largest moving structure yet built, and slightly larger in gross tonnage than her sister Lusitania. The main visual differences between Mauretania and Lusitania was that Mauretania was five feet longer and had different vents (Mauretania had cowl vents and the Lusitania had oil drum-shaped vents). Mauretania also had two extra stages of turbine blades in her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Balearic Islands - Illes Balears - espana-spain.com Balearic Islands - The Balearic Islands or Illes Balears [PAR] Balearic Islands [PAR] [PAR] The Balearic Islands - Illes Balears [PAR] The Balearic Islands: Mallorca Minorca Ibiza Formentera and Cabrera are the most popular holiday destinations in Europe. The Balearic Islands are sunny and the water is always clean and clear! [PAR] Mallorca, Minorca and Ibiza are three of the most well-visited tourist destinations in all of Spain. This places boasts of their beautiful exceptional scenery. With the array of fun and exciting activities being offered here by different agencies, there is no reason you cannot experience the heavenly paradise of Spain. To make your vacation even more special, you might want to bring your family and loved ones with you as you go on your holiday. [PAR] Visit http://www.bladebargains.co.uk to find out more regarding lock knives [PAR] Find all the info that you need about \" Nev\u015fehir yol yard\u0131m nevsehiryolyardim \" at http://nevsehiryolyardim.com [PAR] Balearic Islands - Spain [PAR] The Balearic Islands: Mallorca , Minorca , Ibiza , Formentera and Cabrera [PAR] Weather in The Balearic Islands: Weather forecast and temperatures in The Balearic Islands today: Click HERE >> [PAR] In case you're interested in knowing more info on OBX, stop by http://obxstore.com Give the gift of the Outer Banks of North Carolina [PAR] Rent a Car - Car Hire The Balearic Islands : Click HERE >> [PAR] The Balearic Islands is a quite unknown name that comprehends all the Spanish Mediterranean islands: Majorca , Minorca , Ibiza , Formentera and Cabrera, and also some other small and almost insignificant islands. All of them forms a part of Spain. [PAR] The Balearic Islands: Majorca (Mallorca), Minorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Cabrera: The Balearic Islands are located in the Mediterranean Sea off Spain's Eastern shore and is one of the foremost tourist areas in the country. The five islands are Majorca (Mallorca), Minorca, Ibiza, Formentera and Carbrera. The largest island, Majorca (Mallorca), is most famous for its beaches and resorts. Majorca is mountainous in the northeast and beautiful caves in the east and a picturesque coastline. The port of Majorca is one of the most important in the Mediterranean. Majorca's capital is Palma de Mallorca (or simply Palma). [PAR] Weather Forecast - The Balearic Islands: Weather forecast and temperatures on the Balearic Islands today: Click here! [PAR] Weather right now: Palma de Mallorca , Spain [PAR] [PAR] The Balearic Islands are located in the western Mediterranean Sea, and they enjoy the unique Mediterranean climate with mild and often sunny winters and pleasant summer. Mild winters does not mean beach weather between October and May in this case. Some winters it snows on The Balearic Islands. [PAR] Although The Balearic Islands enjoy a mild, classically Mediterranean climate, this is characterized by typically insular features, such as the high humidity that causes remarkable differences in the seasonal temperature range. [PAR] The temperatures The Balearic Islands vary from an average of around 19.5\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC in spring, to 27\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC in summer, 20.5\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC in autumn and 15\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC in winter. The annual average temperature on The Balearic Islands is about 17\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC. The Balearics enjoy around 300 days of sunshine yearly, which makes the islands a very attractive tourist destination. [PAR] Nestling in the western Mediterranean, halfway between the Iberian Peninsula, the south of France and the north of Africa, the Balearic archipelago is made up of a string of islands: Majorca , Minorca , Ibiza , Formentera and Cabrera, and also some other small and almost insignificant other islands. [PAR] The Balearics are made up of three major islands:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon - Space.com Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon [PAR] Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] July 25, 2012 03:39pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin Aldrin photographed this iconic photo, a view of his footprint in the lunar soil, as part of an experiment to study the nature of lunar dust and the effects of pressure on the surface during the historic first manned moon landing in July 1969. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] The historic launch of the Apollo 11 mission carried three astronauts toward the moon. Two of them would set foot on the lunar surface for the first time in human history as millions of people around the world followed their steps on television. [PAR] The astronauts [PAR] The crew of Apollo 11 were all experienced astronauts. All three had flown missions into space before. [PAR] Cmdr. Neil Armstrong , 38, had previously piloted Gemini 8, the first time two vehicles docked in space. Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Ohio, Armstrong was 38 when he became the first civilian to command two American space missions. [PAR] Apollo 11 crew: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Col. Edwin Eugene \"Buzz\" Aldrin , 39, was the first astronaut with a doctorate to fly in space. Born Jan. 20, 1930, in New Jersey, Aldrin piloted Gemini 12, taking a two-hour, twenty-minute walk in space to demonstrate that an astronaut could work efficiently outside of the vehicle. For Apollo 11, he served as the lunar module pilot. [PAR] The command module pilot, Lt. Col. Michael Collins, 38, was born in Italy on Oct. 31, 1930. The pilot of Gemini 10, Collins spent almost an hour and a half outside of the craft on a space-walk and became the first person to meet another spacecraft in orbit. [PAR] From Earth to the moon [PAR] Mission planners at NASA studied the lunar surface for two years, searching for the best place to make the historic landing. Using high-resolution photographs taken by the Lunar Orbiter satellite and close-up photographs taken by the Surveyor spacecraft, they narrowed the initial thirty sites down to three. Influencing factors included the number of craters and boulders, few high cliffs or hills, and a relatively flat surface. The amount of sunlight was also a factor in determining the best time to land on the lunar surface. [PAR] Apollo 11 launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 9:32 a.m. EDT on July 16, 1969. While in flight, the crew made two televised broadcasts from the interior of the ship, and a third transmission as they drew closer to the moon, revealing the lunar surface and the intended approach path. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin entered the lunar module, nicknamed the \"Eagle\" and separated from the Command Service Module \u2014 the \"Columbia\" \u2014 headed toward the lunar surface. [PAR] Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin poses with the American flag on the surface of the moon in July 1969. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] The lunar module touched down on the moon's Sea of Tranquility , a large basaltic region, at 4:17 p.m. EDT. Armstrong notified Houston with the historic words, \"Houston, this is Tranquility Base. The Eagle has landed.\" For the first two hours, Armstrong and Aldrin checked all of the systems, configured the lunar module for the stay on the moon, and ate. They decided to skip the scheduled four-hour rest to explore the surface. [PAR] A camera in the Eagle provided"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GTA Clone - GTA Wiki - Wikia GTA Clone | GTA Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Watch Dogs and its expansion, Watch Dogs: Bad Blood (both in 2014) and Watch Dogs 2 (2016) [PAR] * Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven had been in development since the end of 1998 and the release date was originally scheduled for 2000. Due to the change of the game engine, the game was released two years later than planned. [PAR] ** Some critics have extended the GTA Clone label to the Driver series , despite that series starting in 1999, two years before the release of Grand Theft Auto III. While GTA 2 was produced as a top-down perspective, Driver started as a 3D series. But since technology advances, GTA III could have been released as a 3D game without the influence of the Driver series. [PAR] The term has also been applied to games that, although do not involve violence or wielding weapons , still have elements similar or otherwise lifted from the 3D Universe , such as Wreckless: The Yakuza Missions (2002), Spider-Man 2 (2004), Tony Hawk's Underground (2003), Bratz: Rock Angelz (2005) (which one of the reviews even called \"GTA for girls\", and, coincidentally, uses the same RenderWare engine as the 3D Universe), Bratz: Forever Diamondz (2006) and Jaws Unleashed (2006) (which is sometimes referred to as \"Grand Theft Shark\"). [PAR] Origins [PAR] Open-world, 3D action-adventure games existed as a predominantly European genre for many years prior to the release of any similar game from DMA Design. Mercenary (1985) featured an open-world, non-linear quest in which the player could steal vehicles, shoot, and explore freely, including conflicts with the authorities. The Terminator, released in 1990, was a free-form, open-world game that set its action in a modern-day city that extended for miles, and included the ability to fire at civilians and steal cars. This game was also notable for being among the first American-developed games to feature these elements. Hunter continued the evolution into something more closely resembling the GTA series, with full 3D, third-person graphics and the ability to steal many different vehicle types. [PAR] DMA Design began pursuing open-world game design with the first Grand Theft Auto, which allowed players to commandeer various automobiles and shoot various weapons within a mission-based structure. Unlike later games in the series, and indeed many earlier influences, the first two GTA games were 2D. In 1998, DMA moved many of these design concepts into a 3D world, with Body Harvest . Grand Theft Auto III took the gameplay foundation of the first two Grand Theft Auto games and expanded it into a 3D world, and offered an unprecedented variety of minigames and side-missions. The title was a much greater commercial success than its direct precursors, and its influence was profound. As such, Grand Theft Auto III is credited with popularizing this genre, let alone inventing it. Its release is sometimes treated as a revolutionary event in the history of video games, much like the release of Doom nearly a decade earlier. GamePro called it the most important game of all time, and claimed that every genre was influenced to rethink their conventional level design. [PAR] Definition [PAR] Calling a game a \"Grand Theft Auto clone\" is sometimes considered unfair or insulting. This is because reviewers sometimes use this term to suggest that the \"clone\" is a mere imitation, designed for the sole purpose of capitalizing on the success of the Grand Theft Auto series. However, this term can also be used as a neutral description of a game,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chester Exiles Home Page - Chester Football Club Chester City Football Club [PAR] 1 September 2014 [PAR] EXILES BLOG [PAR] The Exiles have set up a Blog to keep members more informed about meeting places and social events. All members are encouraged to contribute to it. You can view the blog here [PAR] 18 June 2013 [PAR] EXILES AGM AND NEIL YOUNG SOCIAL [PAR] The Annual General Meeting of the Chester Exiles will take place on Thursday 25 July. The venue is The Parcel Yard, King\u2019s Cross Station, London N1C 4AH. The members meeting will start promptly at 18:30hrs and we are pleased to announce it will be followed by a social night with Blues manager Neil Young from 19:30hrs to which all Chester fans and friends are invited. Food will be available on the night. Big Lupus has checked his diary and should also be joining the get together! [PAR] 8. Election of officers [PAR] 9. Any other business [PAR] If you are unable to attend but have any item you may want discussed on the night under 9 (Any Other Business) please email steve@chester-fc.co.uk as soon as possible. [PAR] GREN MEETS THE NEW CHESTER EXILES! [PAR] Chester hero and new club Life Vice-President Grenville Millington helped the Chester FC Exiles mark their new identity as part of City Fans United at a memorable social event in London just before Christmas 2011. [PAR] Goalkeeping legend Grenville was the star of the show as he entertained everyone with his tales of the ups and downs of playing for Chester City. He even bought along his brother\u2019s Welsh cap, his own amateur Welsh cap and his 1972 GB Olympic shirt \u2013 which was a real talking point! Several Exiles seized the opportunity to play table football with Grenville, as the event\u2019s venue \u2013 Bar Kick in Shoreditch \u2013 specialised in bar football. [PAR] Chester FC board member David Evans was also on hand to answer questions about the club, including the recent vote at the CFU AGM which was overwhelmingly in favour of the Exiles formally becoming part of the CFU family. This means all CFU members who live away from the immediate Chester area are automatically also members of the Exiles. At no extra cost they have the opportunity to participate in Exiles activities and the Exiles will also seek to represent the interests of fans living away from Chester. [PAR] It was a real night for everyone to remember, and the new-look Exiles were grateful for Grenville driving to and from North Wales to meet them all. It looked like he enjoyed himself as well, including his surprise 60th birthday cake! [PAR] Although this first event took place in London, the Exiles hope there will be a series of events in various locations that will be of interest to members throughout the country. Many of the southern-based Exiles are, of course, looking forward to meeting up again for the FA Trophy tie at Ebbsfleet on January 14. [PAR] EXILES\u2019 STATEMENT ON ITS FUTURE [PAR] At its meeting on 16 June 2010, the Committee of the Chester City Exiles agreed the following proposal regarding the future of the Exiles: [PAR] \u201cWe agree to continue as Chester Exiles (provisional on agreement of name change from Chester City Exiles) to cater for the needs of supporters outside Chester and play a complementary role to City Fans United (CFU) in the support of Chester Football Club which will allow CFU to focus their efforts on building support locally. [PAR] With CFU still very much in its infancy, the Committee feels it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gestation Periods and Animal Scale Gestation Periods and Animal Scale [PAR] USA [PAR] Gestation Periods and Animal Scale [PAR] The gestation period of humans is 266 days, 8 days short of nine months. Many such biological characteristics have an explanation in terms evolutionary survival value. Even some seemingly cultural characteristics of human society have such a biological explanation. For example, in all known hunting-and-gathering societies it is the men who do the hunting and women the gathering. It was not until a few decades ago when in the U.S. people started doing marathon running that the explanation was discovered. Women marathon runners found they lost their periods and medical examination revealed that under the stress of distance running women stopped ovulating. In hunting-and-gathering societies the hunters cover about thirty miles a day, day after day. In a society in which the women participated in the hunting there would be few babies born and that society would quickly disappear. Thus the only hunting-and-gathering societies that survived would have the men doing the hunting and the women doing the gathering. [PAR] It is therefore tempting to try to find a biological explanation for the nine-month gestation period of humans in terms of seasons. What time of the year would be the best time for babies to be born in order to maximize there chances of survival? And what time of the year would be most conducive to human mating? In a temperate zone springtime mating would lead to midwinter births which surely would not be the optimal birth time. If springtime were the optimal time for births then a nine-month gestation period would imply wintertime mating, which is not the season that people associate with urges to merge. It would seem that a one-year gestation period would give the best fit between mating time and optimal birth time. [PAR] But any appeal to seasonality for an explanation of the human gestation period is fruitless because humans did not evolve in a temperate zone. There might have been some dry-wet seasonality in the savannahs of Africa but it is uncertain. And the gestation periods of chimpanzees (237 days), gorilla (257 days) and orangutan (260 days) indicate that the approximate nine-month gestation period predates the emergence of human beings as a species. [PAR] The gestation periods of other animal reveals that the length of the gestation period is largely a matter of the animal specie's size. Asian elephants have a gestation period of 645 days and African elephants 640 days. Dogs and other canines have a gestation period of about 60, which is also the period for cats. Even within the species of apes and monkeys gestation period seem to be a matter of size. For Rhesus monkeys it is 164 days and baboons 187 days. For small animals such as rabbits the period is about 33 days and for mice about 20 days. [PAR] So it takes a longer time for a big animal such an elephant to grow a baby than for a smaller animal such as a mouse. The baby of the bigger animal is of course bigger but there are the bigger resources of the big animal to promote that growth so it is not obvious that bigger animals would have longer gestation periods. But, deespite the bigger resources, it does take a longer time. [PAR] It seems to be a matter of scale. If all of the dimensions of an animal are doubled the double-scaled animal would have eight times the volume and hence eight times the weight of the smaller scaled animal. But the cross section"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weathering, Erosion, and Sedimentary Rock Weathering, Erosion, and Sedimentary Rock [PAR] Weathering, Erosion, and Sedimentary Rock [PAR] Introduction [PAR] This unit describes how another type of rock, called sedimentary rock, forms. To understand this, you need to know about the processes of weathering and erosion. This will explain how we get the sediments that eventually turn into rock. [PAR] Weathering [PAR] Have you ever noticed that old gravestones are really difficult to read? The words seem to be worn down. Over the years, the rock has been broken down by the action of rain and wind. We say that it has been weathered. [PAR] Weathering is the gradual breakdown of rock in nature. [PAR] Of course, the process of [PAR] weathering [PAR] Weathering is the breakdown of rock in nature by physical, chemical, and biological means. [PAR] weathering has been breaking down rock for a lot longer than the effects we see in a graveyard. [PAR] We can distinguish three types of weathering (although in reality they seldom operate alone). [PAR] Physical weathering [PAR] Here the rock is broken up by physical processes in nature. [PAR] Frequent changes in temperature can cause bits of rock to break off. This happens because different minerals expand by different amounts when the rock gets hot. Since most rocks are mixtures of minerals, this creates stresses within the rock. Repeated heating and cooling will eventually crack the rock. This repeated expansion and contraction is worst in deserts, which are very hot in the daytime but very cold at night. [PAR] Some scientists think this is responsible for an effect, called exfoliation, where the outside of the rock 'peels away' like the skin from an onion. [PAR] The experiment in Fig.1 exaggerates the weathering effect of changing temperatures by heating a rock in a Bunsen flame, then cooling it rapidly in water. [PAR] Figure 1. [PAR] The minerals contract at different rates as rocks heat up. [PAR] The minerals expand at different rates as rocks heat up. [PAR] [PAR] Changes in temperature can also cause an effect called 'freeze\u0096thaw' or frost shattering. You probably know that ice is less dense than water. This means that a given amount of water takes up a greater volume when it is frozen. (Think of what happens when water pipes freeze in winter.) If water fills a crack in a rock and then freezes, the ice forces the sides of the crack apart. When the ice melts, there is room in the crack for more water. Repeated freezing and thawing gradually widens the crack. This effect is shown in Fig.2 below. [PAR] Figure 2. [PAR] Frost shattering occurs in rocks because ice has a [PAR] density than water, so the same mass takes up a larger volume. [PAR] Chemical weathering [PAR] The minerals that make up rock can also be attacked chemically by substances such as water, oxygen, and acidic solutions. Chemical reactions break down the rock, and the products of those reactions are usually carried away in solution. A good example of chemical weathering is the effect of rainwater on limestone. [PAR] Even the purest rainwater is slightly acidic because some carbon dioxide gas dissolves in it as it falls through the air. This forms a weakly acidic solution: [PAR] carbon dioxide + water [PAR] The weak carbonic [PAR] acid [PAR] An acid is a substance that forms a solution with a pH value of less than 7. Acidic solutions contain an excess of hydrogen ions, H+(aq). [PAR] acid reacts slowly with the calcium carbonate in the rock it passes over, producing calcium hydrogencarbonate: [PAR] calcium"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nintendo History | Corporate | Nintendo Nintendo History | Corporate | Nintendo [PAR] Nintendo History [PAR] Nintendo Classic Mini: Nintendo Entertainment System [PAR] Nintendo History [PAR] The worldwide pioneer in the creation of interactive entertainment, Nintendo Co., Ltd., of Kyoto, Japan, manufactures and markets hardware and software for its Wii U\u2122 and Wii\u2122 home consoles, Nintendo 3DS\u2122 and Nintendo DS\u2122 family of portable systems. Since 1983, when it launched the Nintendo Entertainment System\u2122, Nintendo has sold more than 4.4 billion video games and more than 696 million hardware units globally, including the current-generation Wii U, Wii, and Nintendo 3DS family of systems including New Nintendo 3DS\u2122, New Nintendo 3DS XL\u2122, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo 3DS XL\u2122, Nintendo 2DS\u2122, as well as Nintendo DS\u2122, Nintendo DSi\u2122, Nintendo DSi XL\u2122, Game Boy\u2122, Game Boy Advance\u2122, Super NES\u2122, Nintendo 64\u2122 and Nintendo GameCube\u2122 systems. It has also created industry icons that have become well-known, household names such as Mario\u2122, Donkey Kong\u2122, Metroid\u2122, Zelda\u2122 and Pok\u00e9mon\u2122. A wholly owned subsidiary, Nintendo of Europe, based in Germany, was established in 1990 and serves as headquarters for Nintendo's operations in Europe. [PAR] History of Nintendo Worldwide [PAR] The microprocessor was introduced into a videogame system created by Nintendo. [PAR] 1977 [PAR] The company developed home-use videogames in cooperation with Mitsubishi Electric: \"TV Game 15\" and \"TV Game 6\". [PAR] 1978 [PAR] In March, Nintendo released a simplistic arcade cocktail table game based on the board game Othello, entitled Computer Othello. On the screen, green, white and black Othello pieces were replaced with square and plus symbols, respectively. Computer Othello had no joystick, only ten coloured buttons per player. [PAR] 1979 [PAR] Minoru Arakawa, son-in-law of Nintendo's Japanese chief Hiroshi Yamauchi, opened Nintendo of America in New York City. Nintendo started an operations division for coin-operated games. [PAR] [PAR] History of Nintendo Worldwide 1980-1990 [PAR] 1980 [PAR] The company created a wholly owned subsidiary, Nintendo of America Inc. in New York. Nintendo began selling the \"GAME & WATCH\" product line in Japan, the first portable LCD videogames with a microprocessor. [PAR] Nintendo artist Shigeru Miyamoto created the game Donkey Kong. The hero, originally called Jumpman, is a carpenter racing to save his girlfriend, Pauline, from a crazed ape. Jumpman was later renamed during the establishment of Nintendo of America's headquarters by Nintendo Co., Ltd. In honour of Jumpman's resemblance to their office landlord, Mario Segali, he was later renamed 'Mario'. [PAR] 1981 [PAR] Nintendo developed and distributed the coin-operated video game \"Donkey Kong.\" This video game quickly became the hottest-selling individual coin-operated machine in the business. [PAR] 1983 [PAR] The company built a new plant in Uji City to increase production capacity and to allow for business expansion. In July, Nintendo listed stock on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and started work on the home videogame console \"Family Computer\" (Famicom), employing a custom CPU (Custom Processing Unit) and PPU (Picture Processing Unit). [PAR] 1984 [PAR] Nintendo developed and started selling the unique, twin-screen interactive coin-operated videogame \"VS. System\". At the same time, the company launched the Famicom system in Japan, later renamed Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) when it launched worldwide. Stellar software titles were developed one after another, from Excitebike, Super Mario Bros. and Metroid to The Legend of Zelda and Punch-Out! From these titles, it was Super Mario Bros. that quickly became a smash hit around the world. Studies at the time showed that children were as or more familiar with Mario as they were with Mickey Mouse and Bugs Bunny. [PAR] 1986 [PAR] The Nintendo Entertainment System was launched in Europe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arachnophobia: Understanding the Fear of Spiders Arachnophobia: Understanding the Fear of Spiders [PAR] Understanding the Fear of Spiders [PAR] By Lisa Fritscher [PAR] Updated June 13, 2016 [PAR] Not many people like spiders. And when many people see one, they will have some sort of reaction from trying to kill the spider to running from it. [PAR] While arachnophobia, or fear of spiders, is one of the most common specific phobias , not everyone who dislikes spiders suffers from this phobia. [PAR] Those with arachnophobia will go to great lengths to ensure that they are not exposed to a spider. They may be unwilling to participate in activities, such as hiking or camping, that carry a heightened risk of exposure to spiders. [PAR] Symptoms of Arachnophobia [PAR] If you have arachnophobia, you will probably go out of your way to ensure that you do not come into contact with a spider. If you find a spider in your home, you may react in one of two ways: either screaming and running away or freezing in place. You may be unable to kill or trap the spider yourself, relying on a friend or family member to rescue you from the situation. If you are alone, you may actually leave the house rather than deal with the spider. [PAR] Eventually, you may find yourself limiting your activities in an effort to avoid spiders. Hiking and camping trips may be difficult or impossible for you. You may even dread visiting the zoo or participating in sports that involve being outside in a field. [PAR] Causes of Arachnophobia [PAR] Experts are still uncertain what causes arachnophobia. There a few theories, though. One of the most common theories was put forth by evolutionary psychologists . [PAR] This view suggests that arachnophobia was a survival technique for our ancestors. Since most spiders are venomous, although most do not pose a threat to humans, a fear of spiders may have made humans more likely to survive and reproduce. [PAR] Other psychologists argue that many animals were more likely to pose a threat to ancient humans, from tigers to crocodiles. [PAR] Yet phobias of those animals are not that common. Therefore, those psychologists feel that arachnophobia is more likely based on cultural beliefs about the nature of spiders. [PAR] Treating Arachnophobia [PAR] Like all specific phobias, arachnophobia is most commonly treated with therapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral techniques . Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on stopping the negative automatic thoughts that are associated with the feared object or situation, replacing them with more rational thoughts instead. [PAR] Techniques used may include:[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Spiders Phobia \u2013 Arachnophobia Fear of Spiders Phobia \u2013 Arachnophobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Spiders Phobia \u2013 Arachnophobia [PAR] Fear of Spiders Phobia \u2013 Arachnophobia [PAR] Arachnophobia or the fear of spiders is the oldest and most common phobia in the Western culture. The word Arachnophobia is derived from the Greek word \u2018arachne\u2019 meaning spiders. The response to spiders shown by an arachnophobic individual may seem irrational to others and often to the sufferer himself. [PAR] Causes of Arachnophobia [PAR] Scientists who have studied this fear of spiders explain it to be a result of evolutionary selection. This means that Arachnophobia is an evolutionary response, since spiders, especially the venomous ones, have always been associated with infections and disease. Hence, the fear of spiders triggers a \u201cdisgust response\u201d in many individuals. [PAR] A study conducted in the UK on 261 adults showed that nearly 32% women and 18% men in the group felt anxious, nervous or extremely frightened when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gary Lightbody at TEDxStormont - YouTube Gary Lightbody at TEDxStormont - YouTube [PAR] Gary Lightbody at TEDxStormont [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 3, 2013 [PAR] Gary Lightbody is the singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. His band was nominated for two MTV music awards in 2007 and to date have released six albums that have sold in excess of 13 million copies. @garysnowpatrol [PAR] In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles about Fred Zinnemann - latimes Articles about Fred Zinnemann - latimes [PAR] Classic Hollywood: Getty Research Institute honors Fred Zinnemann [PAR] April 2, 2012 | By Susan King, Los Angeles Times [PAR] Fred Zinnemann, who won directing Oscars for 1953's World War II drama \"From Here to Eternity\" and 1966's historical epic \"A Man for All Seasons,\" never played by the rules. He rankled under the studio system and fought to get the films he wanted to make, not the inconsequential pictures the studios chose for him. \"What he was interested in were characters who had to fight for what they believed in against all odds,\" said his son, Tim Zinnemann. \"That is how he was in life. \" So it's no wonder that the Getty Research Institute's retrospective on Zinnemann is called \"Cinema of Resistance\" because it reflects both the themes of his films and his personal philosophy. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Classic Hollywood: Getty Research Institute honors Fred Zinnemann [PAR] April 2, 2012 | By Susan King, Los Angeles Times [PAR] Fred Zinnemann, who won directing Oscars for 1953's World War II drama \"From Here to Eternity\" and 1966's historical epic \"A Man for All Seasons,\" never played by the rules. He rankled under the studio system and fought to get the films he wanted to make, not the inconsequential pictures the studios chose for him. \"What he was interested in were characters who had to fight for what they believed in against all odds,\" said his son, Tim Zinnemann. \"That is how he was in life. \" So it's no wonder that the Getty Research Institute's retrospective on Zinnemann is called \"Cinema of Resistance\" because it reflects both the themes of his films and his personal philosophy. [PAR] ENTERTAINMENT [PAR] Fred Zinnemann films [PAR] April 2, 2012 [PAR] A life of 'Resistance' Fred Zinnemann directed 21 features. Here's a look at three that are in the Getty Research Institute retrospective: 'High Noon' Gary Cooper's lagging career was resurrected with this 1952 western-as-political-allegory for which he won the lead actor Oscar. 'The Search' Montgomery Clift was Oscar-nominated for his performance in this harrowing 1948 drama about refugee children in Europe after the war. 'Julia' Jane Fonda and Vanessa Redgrave play lifelong friends who become involved in the anti-fascist movement in Germany in this 1977 drama. [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Oscar-Winning Director Fred Zinnemann Dies at 89 [PAR] March 15, 1997 | MYRNA OLIVER, TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] Fred Zinnemann, Academy Award-winning director whose classic films included \"High Noon,\" \"From Here to Eternity\" and \"A Man for All Seasons,\" died Friday. He was 89. Zinnemann's death in London, where he had lived for more than 30 years, was disclosed by his son Tim, a producer at Pressman Films in Los Angeles. The legendary director earned his first Oscar for the documentary \"Benjy\" in 1951. [PAR] ENTERTAINMENT [PAR] MOVIES : A Lion in His Winter : At 85, Fred Zinnemann looks back on a life in film; his anecdote-rich autobiography earns the rave reviews his last movie didn't [PAR] June 21, 1992 | DAVID GRITTEN, David Gritten, based in London, is a frequent contributor to Calendar [PAR] For almost a decade now, veteran director Fred Zinnemann, whose signature is on a handful of the most memorable films in Hollywood history, has been in voluntary retirement--driven out of the industry by the venom of reviews of his last film, \"Five Days One Summer.\" His age--he is 85--and some health problems have played a part in the decision, but those notices for the 1983 film, a May-December romance set in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rat Pack Gang - Who Were they Rat Pack Archive The Rat Pack Gang - Who Were they Rat Pack Archive [PAR] The Rat Pack Gang [PAR] Historical Account of the Rat Pack [PAR] Hipsville would like to introduce you to the Rat Pack stars from the past .... [PAR] Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jnr, Peter Lawford, Joey Bishop & Dean Martin .... [PAR] The Rat Pack Gang - Who Were they [PAR] Only the hippest, coolest bunch of cats on either coast. The group originally sprung up around Humphrey Bogart, who's wife Lauren Bacall first named them. Seeing Bogie, Frank and a few of their cronies come straggling in from a night of carousing, Lauren exclaimed \"You look like a goddamned rat pack!\" The name stuck. [PAR] After Bogie's death, Frank became the group's nominal honcho (\"the Leader\"). Sometimes called \"the Clan,\" Dean Martin (\"Dag\") and Sammy Davis, Jr. (\"Smokey\") were the other two full time members. Peter Lawford (JFK's \"brother-in-lawford\") and Joey Bishop rounded out the Pack, with occasional appearances by Shirley Maclaine as their honorary mascot and Girl Friday. (Frank never liked the name \"Rat Pack.\" When he called the group anything, he preferred \"The Summit.\") [PAR] The Rat Pack made their home at the Copa Room in Jackie Entratter's Sands Hotel and Casino on the famed Las Vegas Strip. Sadly, the Sands (and the Copa Room along with it) no longer exists. It was a casualty of Las Vegas' expansion and the trend toward family entertainment. For a period of time in the early-to-mid sixties, though, it was the coolest spot in the Universe. [PAR] Surely these \"Summit\" meetings were the ultimate night club acts ever assembled. Frank, Dean, and Sammy carried the bulk of the show, singing, telling jokes, doing impressions, and cutting up. Fortunately, some of these routines have survived and they're a riot to watch and listen to. [PAR] The Rat Pack also made a few films together that you can watch and share along in the obvious fun that they had. \"Robin and the Seven Hoods\" and \"Ocean's Eleven\" feature the whole Pack. Of these, the latter is better, receiving my vote as the all-time best New Year's Eve movie. [PAR] The Pack first gained national prominence with their work for John F. Kennedy's presidential campaign. Sinatra and the others were visible supporters of the campaign, doing publicity and photo ops. Frank even recorded a new version of \"High Hopes\" that became Kennedy's campaign song. (\"So, if you vote for Kennedy, vote for Kennedy, we will come out on top...\") [PAR] As Kennedy campaigned, the Pack made \"Ocean's 11\" in Las Vegas. They filmed during the day and held court on stage at the Sands at night. Kennedy could sometimes be spotted at ringside, enjoying the spectacle of his new celebrity friends. At the opening of the Democratic National Convention that summer in Los Angeles, Frank, Sammy, Peter, and Shirley Maclaine sang \"The Star-spangled Banner.\" Thus, the bond between politics, entertainment, and celebrity was born, a trend that has continued in subsequent elections. [PAR] The carefree days of Camelot, however, didn't last much longer. Even before Jack's assassination, relations between the President and Sinatra had soured, leading to the breakdown of Frank's relationship with Peter as well. After only a few short years, the Rat Pack was no more. [PAR] In the late 1980s, Frank, Dean, and Sammy tried to rekindle the magic with a much-hyped tour, but it wasn't the same. Dean was forced to drop out due to illness and apathy after only a few dates. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Karl Marx (Author of The Communist Manifesto) Karl Marx (Author of The Communist Manifesto) [PAR] Philosophy , Politics , Economics [PAR] Influences [PAR] Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Ludwig Feuerbach, Baruch Spinoza, Pierr Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Ludwig Feuerbach, Baruch Spinoza, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Max Stirner, Adam Smith, Voltaire, David Ricardo, Giambattista Vico, Maximilien Robespierre, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, William Shakespeare, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Claude Adrien Helv\u00e9tius , Baron d'Holbach , Justus von Liebig , Charles Darwin, Charles Fourier, Robert Owen, Moses Hess , Fran\u00e7ois Guizot , Constantin Pecqueur , Aristotle, and Epicurus. ...more [PAR] edit data [PAR] In 1818, Karl Marx, descended from a long line of rabbis, was born in Prussian Rhineland. Marx's' father converted to Protestantism shortly before Karl's birth. Educated at the Universities of Bonn, Jena, and Berlin, Marx founded the Socialist newspaper Vorwarts in 1844 in Paris. After being expelled from France at the urging of the Prussian government, which \"banished\" Marx in absentia, Marx studied economics in Brussels. He and Engels founded the Communist League in 1847 and published the Communist Manifesto. After the failed revolution of 1848 in Germany, in which Marx participated, he eventually wound up in London. Marx worked as foreign correspondent for several U.S. publications. His Das Kapital came out in three volumes (1867, 1885 a In 1818, Karl Marx, descended from a long line of rabbis, was born in Prussian Rhineland. Marx's' father converted to Protestantism shortly before Karl's birth. Educated at the Universities of Bonn, Jena, and Berlin, Marx founded the Socialist newspaper Vorwarts in 1844 in Paris. After being expelled from France at the urging of the Prussian government, which \"banished\" Marx in absentia, Marx studied economics in Brussels. He and Engels founded the Communist League in 1847 and published the Communist Manifesto. After the failed revolution of 1848 in Germany, in which Marx participated, he eventually wound up in London. Marx worked as foreign correspondent for several U.S. publications. His Das Kapital came out in three volumes (1867, 1885 and 1894). Marx organized the International and helped found the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Although Marx was not religious, Bertrand Russell later remarked, \"His belief that there is a cosmic force called Dialectical Materialism which governs human history independently of human volitions, is mere mythology\" (Portraits from Memory, 1956). Marx once quipped, \"All I know is that I am not a Marxist\" (according to Engels in a letter to C. Schmidt; see Who's Who in Hell by Warren Allen Smith). D. 1883. [PAR] Marx began co-operating with Bruno Bauer on editing Hegel 's Philosophy of Religion in 1840. Marx was also engaged in writing his doctoral thesis, The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature, which he completed in 1841. It was described as \"a daring and original piece of work in which Marx set out to show that theology must yield to the superior wisdom of philosophy\": the essay was controversial, particularly among the conservative professors at the University of Berlin. Marx decided, instead, to submit his thesis to the more liberal University of Jena, whose faculty awarded him his PhD in April 1841. As Marx and Bauer were both atheists, in March 1841 they began plans for a journal entitled Archiv des Atheismus (Atheistic Archives), but it never came to fruition. [PAR] Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history. Marx is typically cited, with \u00c9mile Durkheim and Max Weber, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 vintage Irish actors for St. Paddy's Day 2016 ... Top 10 vintage Irish actors for St. Paddy's Day 2016 | Communities Digital News [PAR] Mar 17, 2016 [PAR] 0 1618 [PAR] Today's pot 'o gold is our look back on the careers of our Top 10 vintage Irish movie stars. This year, we'll also take a look at one surprising new candidate, Dominic West. [PAR] Favorite Irish Actors [PAR] WASHINGTON, March 17, 2013 \u2013 Every year around St. Patrick\u2019s Day, the Chicago River runs green. It\u2019s the City of the Big Shoulders\u2019 unique way of celebrating the fabled Irish holy man not only responsible for bringing Catholicism to Ireland but for dismissing all the Emerald Isle\u2019s snakes as well. [PAR] Or so the legend says. [PAR] Chicago River, St. Patrick\u2019s Day celebration, 2009. (Via Wikipedia) [PAR] I\u2019ve been told by some Chicago denizens that the saint himself appears in downtown Chicago each year. Hovering over the river, he passes his crozier over the waters, which are instantly transformed into the vividly memorable green of the Emerald Isle. [PAR] This story was related to me in a Chicago bar, however, and I have yet to affirm its veracity. [PAR] There are a lot less Irish denizens in the Windy City today than there were in those thrilling days of yesteryear. But Chicago\u2019s colorful green river tradition still goes on, no doubt irritating green-freak eco-fanatics who likely don\u2019t regard the river\u2019s temporary emerald hue as very environmentally friendly. Surprisingly, even the EPA\u2019s Storm Troopers have yet to raise a serious stink about it. And they shouldn\u2019t. [PAR] We are assured its non-toxic, environmentally safe and harms the water, or things that might live in it. [PAR] But we\u2019re not here today to talk about green rivers, green beer, or drunken Saint Paddy\u2019s day revels. We\u2019re here to present the 2016 edition of our Top Ten List of vintage Irish thespians. [PAR] Irish men and women\u2014either native born or of Hibernian descent\u2014have come to international prominence in recent history not only in theater but in the movies as well. Given the considerable wit and skill of the Irish when expressing themselves in poetry, song, drama, and storytelling, the phenomenon is scarcely surprising. [PAR] Obviously, our list is subjective. You\u2019re free to agree or disagree with our choices and our rankings. And if you wish to add a comment or three, critical or otherwise, just zip through our collection of stuff at this article\u2019s end. Below it, you\u2019ll find a place where you can add those comments. In the meantime, a hearty \u201cSlaint\u00e9\u201d to all. [PAR] Here goes: [PAR] 10. Una O\u2019Connor. (1880-1959). Born Agnes Teresa McGlade in Belfast, young Una\u2014her eventual stage name\u2014became a stage actress in Ireland and England. But she scored her first signal success in late middle age in a 1933 Noel Coward play entitled \u201cCavalcade.\u201d When Hollywood decided to film the play, Ms. O\u2019Connor was invited there to reprise her role. She never went back to Ireland. [PAR] Una O\u2019Connor (right) in \u201cLittle Lord Fauntleroy.\u201d (Via Wikipedia) [PAR] But more importantly, she was soon noticed by famed horror film director James Whale, the man who really helped make her famous by casting her in his well-known film version of \u201cThe Invisible Man,\u201d starring Claude Rains in the title role. O\u2019Connor had a small part in the film as the publican\u2019s wife who memorably screams in terror as the Invisible Man reveals his invisible secret to her. [PAR] O\u2019Connor\u2019s\u2019 signature terror seizures proved so over-the-top funny\u2014offering a welcome comedic break in this otherwise somber film\u2014that she"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eva Per\u00f3n \u2013 Biography of Evita, First Lady of Argentina Eva Per\u00f3n - Biography of Evita, First Lady of Argentina [PAR] Eva Per\u00f3n [PAR] Eva Per\u00f3n [PAR] First Lady of Argentina [PAR] Promotional headshot portrait of Argentinean singer, actress, and first lady, Eva Duarte Peron. (circa 1940s). (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] By Patricia Daniels, Contributing Writer [PAR] Updated July 01, 2016. [PAR] Who Was Eva Per\u00f3n? [PAR] Eva Per\u00f3n, wife of Argentine president Juan Per\u00f3n , was the first lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. As first lady, Eva Per\u00f3n, fondly called \u201cEvita\u201d by many, played a major role in her husband's administration. She is widely remembered for her efforts to help the poor and for her role in getting women the vote. [PAR] Although Eva Per\u00f3n was adored by the masses, some Argentines intensely disliked her, believing Eva's actions were driven by a ruthless ambition to succeed at all costs. Eva Per\u00f3n's life was cut short when she died of cancer at the age of 33. [PAR] Dates: May 7, 1919 \u2013 July 26, 1952 [PAR] Also Known As: Maria Eva Duarte (born as), Eva Duarte de Per\u00f3n, Evita [PAR] Famous Quote: \"One cannot accomplish anything without fanaticism.\" [PAR] Eva's Childhood [PAR] Maria Eva Duarte was born in Los Toldos, Argentina on May 7, 1919 to Juan Duarte and Juana Ibarguren, an unmarried couple. The youngest of five children, Eva, as she came to be known, had three older sisters and a brother. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] Juan Duarte worked as the estate manager of a large, successful farm and the family lived in a house on the main street of their small town. However, Juana and the children shared Juan Duarte's income with his \"first family,\" a wife and three daughters who lived in the nearby town of Chivilcoy. [PAR] Not long after Eva's birth, the central government, which had previously been run by wealthy and corrupt landowners, came under the control of the Radical Party, made up of middle-class citizens who favored reform. [PAR] Juan Duarte, who had benefited greatly from his friendships with those landowners, soon found himself without a job. He returned to his hometown of Chivilcoy to join his other family. When he left, Juan turned his back on Juana and their five children. Eva was not yet a year old. [PAR] Juana and her children were forced to leave their home and move into a tiny house near the railroad tracks, where Juana made a meager living from sewing clothes for the townspeople. Eva and her siblings had few friends; they were ostracized because their illegitimacy was considered scandalous. [PAR] In 1926, when Eva was six years old, her father was killed in a car accident. Juana and the children traveled to Chivilcoy for his funeral and were treated like outcasts by Juan's \"first family.\" [PAR] Dreams of Being a Star [PAR] Juana moved her family to a larger town, Junin, in 1930, seeking more opportunities for her children. The older siblings found jobs and Eva and her sister enrolled in school. As was the case in Los Toldos, other children were warned to stay away from the Duartes, whose mother was deemed less than respectable. [PAR] As a teenager, young Eva became fascinated with the world of movies; in particular, she loved American movie stars. Eva made it her mission to one day leave her small town and life of poverty and move to Buenos Aires , the capital of Argentina, to become a famous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diana Dors - Biography - IMDb Diana Dors - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Diana Dors [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 44 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (17) | Personal Quotes (12) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 5\u00bd\" (1.66 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Diana Dors was born Diana Mary Fluck on October 23, 1931 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England. She and her mother both nearly died from the traumatic birth. Because of the trauma, her mother lavished on Diana anything and everything she wanted--clothes, toys and dance lessons were the order of the day. Diana's love of films began when her mother took her to the local movies theaters. The actresses on the screen caught Diana's attention and she said, herself, that from the age of three she wanted to be an actress. She was educated in the finest private schools, much to the chagrin of her father (apparently he thought private education was a waste of money). Physically, Diana grew up fast. At age 12, she looked and acted much older than what she was. Much of this was due to the actresses she studied on the silver screen and Diana trying to emulate them. She wanted nothing more than to go to the United States and Hollywood to have a chance to make her place in film history. After placing well in a local beauty contest, Diana was offered a role in a thespian group (she was 13). [PAR] The following year, Diana enrolled at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts (LAMDA) to hone her acting skills. She was the youngest in her class. Her first fling at the camera was in Code of Scotland Yard (1947). She did not care that it was a small, uncredited role; she was on film and at age 16, that's all that mattered. That was quickly followed by Dancing with Crime (1947), which consisted of nothing more than a walk-on role. Up until this time, Diana had pretended to be 17 years old (if producers had known her true age, they probably would not have let her test for the role). However, since she looked and acted older, this was no problem. Diana's future dawned bright in 1948, and she appeared in no less than six films. Some were uncredited, but some had some meat to the roles. The best of the lot was the role of Charlotte in the classic Oliver Twist (1948). Throughout the 1950s, she appeared in more films and became more popular in Britain. Diana was a pleasant version of Marilyn Monroe , who had taken the United States by storm. Britain now had its own version. [PAR] Diana continued to play sexy sirens and kept seats in British theaters filled. She really came into her own as an actress. She was more than a woman who exuded her sexy side, she was a very fine actress as her films showed. As the 1960s turned into the 1970s, she began to play more mature roles with an effectiveness that was hard to match. Films such as Craze (1974), Swedish Wildcats (1972), The Amorous Milkman (1975) and Three for All (1975) helped fill out her resume. After filming Steaming (1985), Diana was diagnosed with cancer, which was too much for her to overcome. The British were saddened when word came of her death at age 52 on May 4, 1984 in Windsor, Berkshire, England. [PAR] Sons, with Richard Dawson , Mark Dawson and Gary Dawson . [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean-Paul Sartre | French philosopher and author ... Jean-Paul Sartre | French philosopher and author | Britannica.com [PAR] French philosopher and author [PAR] Romain Rolland [PAR] Jean-Paul Sartre, (born June 21, 1905, Paris , France \u2014died April 15, 1980, Paris), French novelist, playwright, and exponent of Existentialism \u2014a philosophy acclaiming the freedom of the individual human being. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964, but he declined it. [PAR] Jean-Paul Sartre, photograph by Gis\u00e8le Freund, 1968. [PAR] Gisele Freund [PAR] Early life and writings [PAR] Sartre lost his father at an early age and grew up in the home of his maternal grandfather, Carl Schweitzer, uncle of the medical missionary Albert Schweitzer and himself professor of German at the Sorbonne. The boy, who wandered in the Luxembourg Gardens of Paris in search of playmates, was small in stature and cross-eyed. His brilliant autobiography , Les Mots (1963; Words), narrates the adventures of the mother and child in the park as they went from group to group\u2014in the vain hope of being accepted\u2014then finally retreated to the sixth floor of their apartment \u201con the heights where (the) dreams dwell.\u201d \u201cThe words\u201d saved the child, and his interminable pages of writing were the escape from a world that had rejected him but that he would proceed to rebuild in his own fancy. [PAR] Sartre went to the Lyc\u00e9e Henri IV in Paris and, later on, after the remarriage of his mother, to the lyc\u00e9e in La Rochelle . From there he went to the prestigious \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, from which he was graduated in 1929. Sartre resisted what he called \u201cbourgeois marriage,\u201d but while still a student he formed with Simone de Beauvoir a union that remained a settled partnership in life. Simone de Beauvoir\u2019s memoirs, M\u00e9moires d\u2019une jeune fille rang\u00e9e (1958; Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter ) and La Force de l\u2019\u00e2ge (1960; The Prime of Life), provide an intimate account of Sartre\u2019s life from student years until his middle 50s. It was also at the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure and at the Sorbonne that he met several persons who were destined to be writers of great fame; among these were Raymond Aron , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Simone Weil , Emmanuel Mounier, Jean Hippolyte, and Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss . From 1931 until 1945 Sartre taught in the lyc\u00e9es of Le Havre , Laon , and, finally, Paris. Twice this career was interrupted, once by a year of study in Berlin and the second time when Sartre was drafted in 1939 to serve in World War II . He was made prisoner in 1940 and released a year later. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] During his years of teaching in Le Havre, Sartre published La Naus\u00e9e (1938; Nausea ), his first claim to fame. This novel , written in the form of a diary, narrates the feeling of revulsion that a certain Roquentin undergoes when confronted with the world of matter\u2014not merely the world of other people but the very awareness of his own body. According to some critics, La Naus\u00e9e must be viewed as a pathological case, a form of neurotic escape. Most probably it must be appreciated also as a most original, fiercely individualistic, antisocial piece of work, containing in its pages many of the philosophical themes that Sartre later developed. [PAR] Sartre took over the phenomenological method , which proposes careful, unprejudiced description rather than deduction, from the German philosopher Edmund Husserl and used it with great skill in three successive publications: L\u2019Imagination (1936; Imagination: A Psychological Critique), Esquisse d\u2019une th\u00e9orie"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bedloes island - definition of Bedloes island by The Free ... Bedloes island - definition of Bedloes island by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Bedloes island - definition of Bedloes island by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bedloes+island [PAR] Related to Bedloes island: Ellis Island , Liberty Island [PAR] Lib\u00b7er\u00b7ty Island [PAR] (l\u012db\u2032\u0259r-t\u0113) [PAR] An island of southeast New York in Upper New York Bay southwest of Manhattan. The Statue of Liberty was placed on the island in 1886, using the star-shaped Fort Wood (built in 1841) as a base. Originally called Bedloe's Island, it was officially renamed Liberty Island in 1956. [PAR] Liberty Island [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a small island in upper New York Bay: site of the Statue of Liberty. Area: 5 hectares (12 acres). Former name (until 1956): Bedloe's Island [PAR] Lib\u2032erty Is\u2032land [PAR] n. [PAR] a small island in upper New York Bay: site of the Statue of Liberty. Formerly, Bedloe's Island. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 25 world famous buildings to inspire you | Creative Bloq 27 world famous buildings to inspire you | Creative Bloq [PAR] 27 world famous buildings to inspire you [PAR] 27 world famous buildings to inspire you [PAR] By Kerrie Hughes [PAR] [PAR] From the Colosseum to the Kabba, get a dose of inspiration from 27 of the world's most famous buildings. [PAR] Shares [PAR] Whether you're a busy art director or an illustrator working from home , every creative needs some downtime. And there's no better way to both relax and be inspired than jetting off somewhere you've never been before. [PAR] Whenever we travel to far-flung places, we're attracted to the famous buildings. Much like a photograph, architectural designs record details of specific moments in time. But unlike an photograph, physical structures go on to have a life of their own, becoming a central and functional part of countless people's lives for hundreds, if not thousands, of years after they were built. [PAR] Here we have picked 27 of the most famous building designs from around the world to inspire you. [PAR] 01. Lotus Temple [PAR] The temple welcomes worshippers of all faiths [PAR] The Lotus Temple is a Bah\u00e1'\u00ed House of Worship in New Delhi consisting of 27 structures resembling petals of the lotus flower that open onto a central hall around 40m high. It has nine sides, nine doors, and can accommodate 2,500 people. It's surface is made of white marble from Mount Pentelicus in Greece, the same marble used to build the Parthenon. [PAR] Since its completion in 1986 it has become one of the most visited buildings in the world, attracting over 100 million people. [PAR] 02. Cologne Cathedral [PAR] Germany's most-visited landmark [PAR] Cologne Cathedral is a High Gothic five-aisled basilica, the construction of which began in 1248 and stopped in 1473, before the building was complete. Work did not resume until the 1800s, and it was finally finished in 1880. Later work follows the original medieval plan faithfully. [PAR] It is renowned as a Gothic masterpiece and houses many works of art as well as the tombs of 12 archbishops. [PAR] 03. Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem [PAR] The Dome of the Rock is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture [PAR] A masterpiece of Islamic architecture, the Dome of the Rock is a 7th century building, located in Jerusalem. Built by Caliph Abd al-Malik between 687 and 691, the octagonal plan and the rotunda dome of wood are of Byzantine design. The Persian tiles on the exterior and the marble slabs that decorate the interior were added by Suleiman I in 1561. [PAR] The oldest extant Islamic monument, the Dome of the Rock has served as a model for architecture and other artistic endeavors for over a millennium. [PAR] 04. La Pedrera, Barcelona [PAR] Gaudi's La Pedrera is one of the most imaginative houses in the history of architecture [PAR] Nested among the urban streets of Barcelona are some unusual and beautiful buildings by infamous architect Antoni Gaudi. His unique approach to the Art Nouveau movement generated some of the most creative buildings the world have ever seen. And La Pedrera is no exception. [PAR] One of the most imaginative houses in the history of architecture, this is more sculpture than building. The fa\u00e7ade is a varied and harmonious mass of undulating stone that, along with its forged iron balconies, explores the irregularities of the natural world. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognised this building as World Heritage in 1984. [PAR] 05. One World Trade Center, New York"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Namatjira | Article about Albert Namatjira by The ... Albert Namatjira | Article about Albert Namatjira by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Albert Namatjira | Article about Albert Namatjira by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Albert+Namatjira [PAR] Namatjira, Albert [PAR] [PAR] Born July 28, 1902, in Hermannsburg, Northern Territory; died Aug. 8, 1959, in Alice Springs. Australian painter. [PAR] Namatjira, an aborigine, was the greatest representative of the school of realistic watercolor landscape that originated in the Aranda tribe. He created colorful, majestic scenes of his native land. [PAR] REFERENCE [PAR] Joyce, B. Namatzhira. Moscow, 1973. (Translated from English.) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Write what you mean clearly and correctly. [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Another highlight of this wonderful festival was the performance by Australia's Big hART theatre company of Namatjira, a powerful and ultimately heartbreaking account of the life of Albert Namatjira, Australia's first celebrated Aboriginal indigenous artist. [PAR] Origins: giving voice to indigenous peoples [PAR] As far as Australian artists go I am an admirer of Sidney Nolan, Russell Drysdale and Albert Namatjira. [PAR] MasterMinds; Weekend Break [PAR] The timing is just right--as the writers point out early in the introduction, the media's influence on popular perception was beginning to burgeon in the 1950s and had the capacity to shape personalities, as well as the perception of them, in a way that, in some cases, for example Albert Namatjira, had disastrous consequences. [PAR] Australia's burning issues behind the thick smoke from the barbie [PAR] He sees the paintings of Albert Namatjira and the other Western Aranda watercolourists which began in the mid-1930s as `exhibited partly as a sign of what Aborigines were capable of achieving once \"civilized\", and in this respect could be seen as much as a denial of Aboriginal art as a recognition of it' (p 22).[DOC] [TLE] Aboriginal Australian Cowboys and the Art of Appropriation Aboriginal Australian Cowboys and the Art of Appropriation [PAR] Aboriginal Australian Cowboys and the Art of Appropriation [PAR] Aboriginal Australian Cowboys and the Art of Appropriation [PAR] Aboriginal Australian Cowboys and the Art of Appropriation [PAR] Author: [PAR] Download PDF [PAR] Citation [PAR] Jorgensen, Darren. \"Aboriginal Australian Cowboys and the Art of Appropriation.\" Occasion: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities v. 5 (March 1, 2013), http://occasion.stanford.edu/node/127. [PAR] [PAR] In America, the image of the cowboy configures the ideals of courage, freedom, equality, and individualism. [1] As close readers of the genre of the Western have argued, the cowboy fulfills a mythical role in American popular culture, as he stands between the so-called settlement of the country and its wilderness, between an idea of civilization and the depiction of savage Indians. The Western vaulted the cowboy to iconic status, as stage shows, novels, and films encoded his virtues in narratives set on the North American frontier of the nineteenth century. He became a figure of the popular national imagination just after this frontier had been conquered. [2] From the beginning, the fictional cowboy was a character who played upon the nation\u2019s idea of itself and its history. He came to assume the status of national myth and informed America\u2019s economic, political, and social landscape over the course of the twentieth century. [3] Yet this is only one nation\u2019s history of the cowboy. As America became one of the largest exporters of culture on the planet, it exported its Western imagery, genre films, and novels. These cowboys"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Katharina von Bora - LutherCountry Katharina von Bora [PAR] Katharina von Bora [PAR] \"There is no more lovely, friendly, and charming relationship, communion, or company than a good marriage.\" [PAR] Martin Luther [PAR] Katharina von Bora (1499-1552) [PAR] If ever there were a power behind the throne, none was stronger than Katharina von Bora, or \"Dear Kate,\" as Luther described his beloved wife. Her story is full of drama: Born of a noble but poor family, Katharina was only three when she was sent away to school and eventually took vows to become a nun. In April 1523, with the Reformation well under way, Katharina and 11 of her fellow nuns hid in a wagon and escaped from their Cistercian convent. Once the wagon arrived in Lutherstadt Wittenberg , she was taken in by the family of none other than Lucas Cranach the Elder . [PAR] Although Katharina was courted by two men, she married neither. In the end, she said that she would only marry Martin Luther or his friend, Nicholas von Amsdorf. [PAR] Philipp Melanchthon , one of Luther's closest friends, was shocked at the idea of Luther marrying; he believed a wedding would cause a scandal that could severely damage the Reformation and its cause. On the other hand, Luther's father supported his son, as did Cranach. After pondering the matter for some time, Luther decided that \"his marriage would please his father, rile the pope, cause the angels to laugh, and the devils to weep.\" The result was the joining of a 42-year-old former monk and a 26-year-old former nun in holy matrimony on June 13, 1525. [PAR] By all accounts, it was a happy and affectionate marriage. Luther wrote that he loved waking up to see pigtails on the pillow next to him. He also admired Katharina's intellect, calling her \"Doctora Lutherin.\" She bore six children, ran the household, and organized the family finances. Their home was in Lutherstadt Wittenberg's Black Monastery, the former Augustinian monastery where Luther had lived before the Reformation began. [PAR] Katharina grew much of what they ate in her own private garden, raised livestock, cooked, and \u2013 perhaps most famously \u2013 brewed her own beer. To boost their income, she made good use of the extra rooms in the former monastery, opening a medieval guest house and offering room and board to as many as 30 paying students and visitors at a time. Katharina was trusted in ways unheard of for women in those days. Luther allowed her to deal with his publishers and made her his sole heir. Although we know little of Katharina's own views about her unusual life, we do know that she loved her husband deeply. After his death in 1546, she wrote: \"He gave so much of himself in service not only to one town or to one country, but to the whole world. Yes, my sorrow is so deep that no words can express my heartbreak, and it is humanly impossible to understand what state of mind and spirit I am in . . . I can neither eat nor drink, not even sleep . . . God knows that when I think of having lost him, I can neither talk nor write in all my suffering.\" [PAR] While fleeing the plague in Lutherstadt Wittenberg in 1552, Katharina died in Torgau after a terrible accident with her wagon and horses. She was 53 years old. [PAR] Would you like to follow in the footsteps of Katharina von Bora? Then take a look at our recommended tour .[DOC] [TLE] Weds Ex-Nun Katherine von"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love in the Time of Cholera (2007) - Rotten Tomatoes Audience Reviews for Love in the Time of Cholera [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] A man obsesses/loves a woman over the course of fifty-three years. In this adaptation of Gabriel Garcia Marquez's lush novel, I could easily tell the sections of dialogue/narration that were taken from his book. In these sections, the language was so rich that I couldn't help but be sucked into the world Marquez created. And in this world the obsession that wracks Florentino makes sense; it almost seems reasonable to equate obsession with love. However, the film's principal flaw is its unevenness - the disconnect between the banality of the situations, cinematography, and acting and the elevation of the main conflict. By the end of the film, it was almost as though I was reading a great book that was getting interrupted by a bad imitation of the book. Also, I wondered throughout most of the film how we're meant to feel about Florentino. Is he elevated as a hero, or should we pity him? The story's conclusion and the fact that he is rewarded with sex with over 600 women while he waits for the object of his obsession makes me lean toward the former option, but what does this say about love? Is love really obsession? Should we really consider such impracticality admirable? In real life, wouldn't Florentino's behavior be tantamount to stalking? The only moment when Florentino is put up for ridicule and question involves him writing a bill of lading as a love poem, and this scene is welcome in the film's larger context. Yet it also contributes to the unevenness of the film because the ridicule is almost immediately abandoned. Overall, I really wanted to like Love in the Time of Cholera, but the film lacks the singular purpose and consistency of it hero. [PAR] Jim Hunter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Tollund Man - Was he Hanged? The Tollund Man - Was he Hanged? [PAR] Was he Hanged? [PAR] Was the Tollund Man hanged - or strangled with a rope? Extra large picture . More illustrations . [PAR] \u00a9 Niels Bach [PAR] around his neck. Big picture [PAR] The Tollund Man was examined as if he was the victim of a murder. The examination took place at Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark shortly after he was discovered. [PAR] The forensic examiners's report states among other things that \"the robe, judging by the way it was placed around the body's neck, was most likely not used for strangulation, and because of that it is of less importance that the cervical vertebras were undamaged since that sometimes happens when a person is hanged\". [PAR] X-rays had revealed that the Tollund Man's cervical vertebras were not broken but despite of that the forensic examiner was certain that the man had been hanged. Later examinations done by other doctors proved that he was right. [PAR] New examinations reveal among other things that his tongue had become distended - a characteristic often seen in a hanged person. [PAR] At the time of the Tollund Man there were various burial customs in Denmark, but the one thing they had in common was that cremation was part of them all - except for the small group of people who were sacrificed. They were placed in the bogs without being cremated. That is also why it's most likely that the Tollundmanden was sacrificed to the gods . [PAR] The Tollund Mans rope reconstructed. [PAR] Big picture [PAR] The entire village probably witnessed the hanging of the Tollund Man. Maybe people even came from the surrounding villages. A human sacrifice was probably something that might be of importance to everybody from near and far. Were the gods going to accept the sacrifice? Were they going to let the people live in harmony with nature and each other in the years to come? Would they be friendly disposed towards them, when they used the gods' sacred bog? [PAR] After the hanging the Tollund Man was cut down from the tree and carried to the bog . In the peat bog an excavation had already been emptied of water. The grave was located right next to a pathway paved with planks which cut across the bog. Tollund Man was carefully and respectfully placed in the grave because now he belonged to the gods. His eyes and his mouth were closed as if he were asleep. Within a short period of time the water rose in the grave and it soon covered him. The gods had accepted their sacrifice. [PAR] The Tollund Man was carefully and respectfully placed in the grave. Extra large picture ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Classical Net Review - Verdi - Un Ballo in Maschera Classical Net Review - Verdi - Un Ballo in Maschera [PAR] Un Ballo in Maschera [PAR] Coro del Teatro Regio di Parma [PAR] Orchestra del Teatro Regio di Parma/Gianluigi Gelmetti [PAR] Massimo Gasparon - Stage director (after Pierluigi Samaritani) [PAR] Pierluigi Samaritani - Set and Costume Designer [PAR] Andrea Borelli - Lighting designer [PAR] Roberto Mari Pizzuto - Choreographer [PAR] Recorded live at the Teatro Regio/Verdi Festival Parma, October 1, 5, 9, 13, 20 & 23, 2011 [PAR] Bonus Feature - Introduction to Un Ballo in Maschera [PAR] Unitel Classica/C Major Blu-ray 724304 149m (includes 11m Bonus track) LPCM Stereo DTS-HD Master Audio [PAR] Also available on DVD 724208: Amazon - UK - Germany - Canada - France - Japan - ArkivMusic - CD Universe - JPC [PAR] This is the commonly performed Boston version of Un Ballo in maschera. Those familiar with the opera's history are aware that Verdi was forced by censors to move the opera's location out of Sweden, and he ultimately chose the artistically unsuitable but politically acceptable locale of Boston. The opera was originally entitled Gustavo III but, to satisfy censors once more, was changed to Una vendetta in domino. That was eventually changed to Un Ballo in maschera and most of the characters names were also changed. The story, of course, was inspired by the 1792 assassination of Swedish King Gustav III, who was shot at a masked ball. In the Verdi opera, he is stabbed to death there. Well, despite all the trouble from the censors Verdi produced a masterpiece, as is documented on this fine Blu-ray disc. [PAR] The cast is excellent and contains at least one newcomer who will undoubtedly have a major career on the operatic stage. Arkansas-born, Vienna-based Kristin Lewis makes both her debut as Amelia and her Parma debut in this production. She has a powerful and quite lovely voice: try her stunning Act II arias Ecco l'orrido campo and Ma dall'arido stelo divulsa. She may be a little stiff in dramatics, but she is obviously a great talent, perhaps one that will develop further. Francesco Meli turns in splendid work as Riccardo. Try his audience-pleasing Act III aria Ma se m'e forza perderti or his three Act II duets with Amelia (Teco io sto; Nono sai tu che se l'anima mia; and M'ami \u2026Oh, quai soave brivido) to sample several fine moments from his stunning performance. Serena Gamberoni as Oscar is also impressive: hear her sprightly and utterly vivacious First Act aria Volta la terrea fronte. She is, by the way, the real-life wife of Meli. Vladimir Stoyanov as Renato is also outstanding and brought down the house with his sensational Third Act aria Eri tu che macchiavi. Elizabetta Fiorillo portrays a most effective Ulrica, appropriately coming across as a powerfully dark character. Her voice is imposing, though her vibrato too often turns into wobble. Ensemble numbers are uniformly excellent throughout the production: sample the colorful and spirited Ogni cura si doni al diletto, from Act I. [PAR] Conductor Gianluigi Gelmeto leads a vital, highly detailed performance, with well judged tempos and a masterly sense for phrasing: every note coming from the pit seems a perfect fit for the action and emotions on stage. Needless to say, the orchestra responds with total comittment and accuracy. [PAR] Not only is this a great musical success, but the production is also excellent. Stage Director Massimo Gasparon, basing his effort on an older one by Pierluigi Samaritani, has fashioned a brilliant staging that gives the opera a traditional"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fields, W.C. (Dukenfield, William Claude) W.C. Fields [PAR] Fields, W.C. (Dukenfield, William Claude) [PAR] Born: January 29, 1880, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [PAR] Died: December 25, 1946, in Pasadena, California [PAR] Vocations: Comedian, Actor, Screenwriter [PAR] Geographic Connection to Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Philadelphia County [PAR] Keywords: The Bank Dick,; David Copperfield, Charles Dickens, Fields for President, Hollywood Walk of Fame, It\u2019s a Gift, My Little Chickadee, Poppy, Vaudeville, Mae West, Ziegfeld Follies [PAR] Abstract: Born in Philadelphia on January 29, 1880, W.C. Fields was a versatile comedian who showcased his talents on the stage, on the screen, and on the airwaves. Fields began his career as a juggler in vaudeville shows before he made the leap to acting. Fields starred in both silent films and talking pictures before he began writing screenplays. After a serious illness, Fields took his comedy routines to the radio. His career options dwindled as he was plagued by an addiction to alcohol and a recurring illness. He died of a stomach hemorrhage on Christmas Day, 1946, in Pasadena, California. [PAR] Biography: [PAR] W.C. Fields, originally William Claude Dukenfield, was born on January 29, 1880, in Philadelphia. Fields, who derived his stage name from his initials and the latter part of his surname, was born to James Dukenfield, an Englishman, and Kate Felton Dukenfield, a native Philadelphian. W.C. Fields seems to have been greatly influenced by his mother\u2019s sense of humor. His mother would greet neighbors, then mutter caustic comments under her breath. As Wes D. Gehring notes in W.C. Fields, a Bio-Bibliography, \u201cthe apparently congenial address followed by the cutting aside is the cornerstone of Fields\u2019 comedy.\u201d [PAR] Fields\u2019 family was poor, and as the firstborn, Fields felt it the most: \u201cI was the oldest child. We were all very poor, but I was poor first.\u201d He helped his father sell fruit from a fruit cart, and then moved on to peddling newspapers. Rather than call out the headlines to passersby, Fields would call out the obituaries or filler stories that involved strange names, showing his preference for \u201ceuphonious appellations,\u201d a quirk that would appear in Fields\u2019 later screenwriting efforts. [PAR] At the age of fifteen, Fields witnessed the Byrnes Brothers\u2019 juggling act and saw a way to escape poverty. He immediately began practicing, starting with the fruit from his father\u2019s cart. He diversified and began juggling all sorts of items, building both suspense and comedy into his routine. A strained relationship with his father caused Fields to leave home the next year. After leaving, Fields felt keenly the education he was missing and became an avid reader, enjoying works by Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, and Robert Louis Stevenson. [PAR] Fields struggled to make a living while trying to establish a juggling career. He was able to join a New York-based burlesque company called The Monte Carlo Girls that toured in American small towns, but his only real pay was experience. While touring with this company, Fields found himself stranded in Kent, Ohio, when the company\u2019s manager fled the hotel with his bills unpaid. Fields had to sell his own coat to gather enough money to return to New York. He then took work in a dime museum, an exhibition house of performers, allowing him to gain not only further experience, but also a paycheck. By sixteen, Fields was talented enough to appear onstage as \u201cW.C. Fields, the Tramp Juggler\u201d in the Orpheum vaudeville show. [PAR] From the late 1890s, Fields toured across the country in vaudeville houses, establishing a reputation for his juggling skills. As Gehring argues, Fields set himself apart by realizing \u201cthe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Live and Let Die | The Beatles Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Live and Let Die | The Beatles Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Live and Let Die [PAR] This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia ( view authors) . [PAR] As there are far too many pages of this type, this page must be edited to be original at the earliest possible moment. [PAR] This tag must not be removed until the rewrite is done \u2014 doing so is a (possibly criminal) violation of Wikipedia's copyright. [PAR] \"Live and Let Die\" is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die and was performed by Paul McCartney and Wings on the movie soundtrack and on the soundtrack album. The song was one of Wings' most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point. [1] Commissioned specifically for the movie and credited to Paul McCartney and his wife Linda , it reunited McCartney with Beatles producer George Martin , who both produced the song and arranged the orchestral break. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] After George Martin was hired to score the new James Bond film, Paul McCartney offered to compose the theme song, and Wings recorded a demo of \"Live and Let Die\". However, Bond producer Harry Saltzman was interested in having an African American female artist perform it instead of Wings. Martin said that McCartney would only allow the song to be used in the movie if Wings were able to perform the song in the opening credits. Saltzman, who had previously rejected the chance to produce A Hard Day's Night , decided not to make the same mistake twice and agreed. A second version of the song, performed by B.J. Arnau , also appears in the film. The Arnau version of the song appears on the soundtrack album as a component in a medley that also contains two George Martin-composed instrumental pieces, \"Fillet of Soul - New Orleans\" and \"Fillet of Soul - Harlem\". [PAR] Wings recorded \"Live and Let Die\" during the sessions for the Red Rose Speedway album. The single reached #2 in the U.S. and #7 in the U.K. Although McCartney's previous single, \" My Love \", had been credited to \"Paul McCartney & Wings\", the label of the \"Live and Let Die\" single credited the performing artist simply as \"Wings.\" This is because the B-side of the single, \" I Lie Around \", was not sung by Paul McCartney but instead sung by Wings guitarist Denny Laine . When the song made its first album appearance on the soundtrack album , however, the song was credited to \"Paul McCartney & Wings\". \"Live and Let Die\" was the last Paul McCartney single on Apple Records that was credited only to \"Wings\". [PAR] The single and the soundtrack album also disagree on the composer credit. The single giving sole authorship to Paul McCartney, while the soundtrack album credits Paul & Linda McCartney as the composer. In the 2001 documentary Wingspan, Paul revealed that Linda wrote the bridge section \"What Does It Matter To You...\". [PAR] Despite its first LP appearance on the 1973 soundtrack album, \"Live And Let Die\" was not featured on a Paul McCartney album until the Wings Greatest compilation in 1978. [PAR] \"Live and Let Die\" was the first James Bond theme song to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song (which gave Paul his second Academy Award nomination and Linda her first), but it lost to the theme song from \" The Way"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Boston Strangler (1968) - IMDb The Boston Strangler (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A series of brutal murders in Boston sparks a seemingly endless and increasingly complex manhunt. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 07 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 4 days ago [PAR] Title: The Boston Strangler (1968) [PAR] 7.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Based on the real-life case of the British serial killer John Christie, and what happened to his neighbours Tim and Beryl Evans. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] Two wealthy law-school students go on trial for murder in this version of the Leopold-Loeb case. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] During the Korean War, Italian nurse Virna Lisi falls in love with two American fliers, Tony Curtis and George C. Scott. Lisi marries Curtis after he convinces her that Scott has been ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Norman Panama [PAR] In 1943, in the wake of the Allied amphibious landing on the Japanese held Bougainville Island, four Marines are sent to scout the location of Japanese minefields. [PAR] Director: Stuart Heisler [PAR] Tony Curtis plays an Indian (Nicknamed \"Chief\" by other soldiers) who fights in WWII and helps to raise the flag at Iwo Jima. [PAR] Director: Delbert Mann [PAR] In November 1941, American news photographer Johnny 'Bugsy' Williams manages to escape from the Japanese and finds himself back in Burma where he meets the beautiful Miss Haoli Young. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] In New York City's Spanish Harlem, detectives Madigan and Bonaro are given 72 hours by their superior to capture a hoodlum wanted for homicide in Brooklyn. [PAR] Director: Don Siegel [PAR] Two escaped convicts chained together, white and black, must learn to get along in order to elude capture. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kramer [PAR] Studio publicist (Power) discovers Minnesota skating teacher (Henie) and takes her to Hollywood. She goes back to Minnesota but he follows her. [PAR] Director: Sidney Lanfield [PAR] In 13th-century Tangiers, regent Mustapha hires a paid assassin to kill baby Prince Hussein in order to usurp his throne but the assassin has second thoughts and steals the baby for himself. [PAR] Director: Rudolph Mat\u00e9 [PAR] Ronald Quayle escapes from prison. He was sent there for murdering his father, based on the testimony of his stepmother, Caroline. An explosion disfigures him, but plastic surgery gives him... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Roy William Neill [PAR] A young, determined sheriff and his posse chase a gang of murderous train robbers, and a kidnapped woman into New Mexico. [PAR] Director: Earl Bellamy [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Boston is being terrorized by a series of seemingly random murders of women. Based on the true story, the film follows the investigators path through several leads before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Superman Curse - Biography.com The Superman Curse - Biography.com [PAR] Celebrity [PAR] The Superman Curse [PAR] This year marks the 75th anniversary of Superman\u2019s debut as a comic book superhero. For most of us, 75 would seem to be just about the right age to cash in the retirement fund and decamp to Florida, but not Superman. No, he\u2019s a character who... [PAR] Avatar: [PAR] Social count: [PAR] 82 [PAR] This year marks the 75th anniversary of Superman\u2019s debut as a comic book superhero. For most of us, 75 would seem to be just about the right age to cash in the retirement fund and decamp to Florida, but not Superman. No, he\u2019s a character who... [PAR] 82 [PAR] 0 [PAR] This year marks the 75th anniversary of Superman\u2019s debut as a comic book superhero. For most of us, 75 would seem to be just about the right age to cash in the retirement fund and decamp to Florida, but not Superman. No, he\u2019s a character who never really ages \u2013 not in the world he inhabits, and especially not for the audiences that love him. He has a long legacy of newspaper, radio, and on-screen adventures under his super belt, and the latest addition to his lengthy resume, the new film Man of Steel, which has set box office records this past opening weekend. [PAR] For most fans, a new Superman movie is cause for celebration. There are a delicate few, however, who may regard the event with some trepidation. This can be attributed to a notion, almost as old as Superman himself, that the Man of Steel \u2013 particularly in his TV and motion picture incarnations \u2013 is somehow cursed. With the same level of superstition that theater people feel for \u201cthat Scottish play,\u201d some Superman enthusiasts grimly assert that the helpful fellow with the red cape and spit curl is something of a jinx. [PAR] Although the idea of a \u201cSuperman curse\u201d seems slightly silly upon first glance, there\u2019s no denying that Superman has been Kryptonite to the personal lives or careers of some of the people associated with the franchise. In the same way that Superman loses his strength after an encounter with that otherworldly substance, more folks than you might expect (particularly unlucky actors) have been damaged, confused, or set adrift after consorting with the caped one. [PAR] With fingers crossed for the cast of Man of Steel, let\u2019s take a look at some of the more notorious instances of the \u201cSuperman curse\u201d below. All coincidence? Probably. But steering clear of gents in tights who play with trains and are regularly mistaken for birds may not be a bad idea, anyway. [PAR] George Reeves Even though Superman had been a presence on radio for years before his television debut, it was The Adventures of Superman in 1951 that consolidated his position as the \u00fcber-superhero. Largely responsible for the success of the series was the actor George Reeves , who played the \u201cS\u201d-emblazoned crime fighter with a mix of wholesome charm and beefy physicality. Although other actors had portrayed Superman before (notably Kirk Alyn in two sets of 1948 theatrical serials), Reeves became the definitive face of Superman during the six-year run of the series. [PAR] Unfortunately for George Reeves, being Superman wasn\u2019t all happy flying. He became so closely identified with the role that it became difficult for him to land other parts. The series never paid well in the first place, and when an attempt to produce his own shows fell flat, Reeves found himself struggling financially. Dissatisfied with his career"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 20 Olympic legends - The Hindu Top 20 Olympic legends - The Hindu [PAR] Top 20 Olympic legends [PAR] August 03, 2016 16:14 IST [PAR] Updated: [PAR] October 18, 2016 14:21 IST [PAR] Share Article [PAR] August 03, 2016 16:14 IST [PAR] Updated: [PAR] October 18, 2016 14:21 IST [PAR] more-in [PAR] Rio Olympics 2016 [PAR] Top 20 athletes who went on to attain legendary status, thanks to their performances at the Games [PAR] Players have started trickling in to Rio, the host of the 2016 Olympics that will begin in less than three day's time. Every edition of the Olympics gives the athletes a chance to rewrite history and this time, it will be no different. Over the years, many have used the platform to announce their arrival or establish their supremacy. [PAR] Here'a a look at the some of the athletes who went on to attain legendary status, thanks to their performances at the Games: [PAR] Steve Redgrave, the awesome oarsman [PAR] The message couldn't have been any clearer when, at Lake Lanier outside Atlanta in 1996, Britain's Redgrave declared: [PAR] Photo: Reuters [PAR] \"Anybody who sees me in a boat has my permission to shoot me.\" Redgrave had, at the age of 34, just won rowing gold for the fourth Games in a row and on live TV, he announced his retirement in unequivocal fashion. Yet four years later -- after being diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in 1997, and suffering with debilitating ulcerative colitis since before the 1992 Barcelona Games -- he put his ailing, 38-year-old body through a punishing training regime one last time and achieved another Olympic triumph, as a member of the coxless fours. In doing so Redgrave became the only endurance sport athlete to win five golds in five consecutive Games: 1984 (coxed fours), 1988, 1992, 1996 (coxless pairs) and 2000 (coxless fours). His secret? \"I decided that diabetes had to live with me, not me live with it,\" he said. [PAR] Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian [PAR] A hyperactive child, Phelps was encouraged into swimming aged seven to give his boundless energy an outlet, and became the most decorated Olympian of all time. [PAR] Photo: Reuters [PAR] The \"Baltimore Bullet\" came home empty-handed from his first Games at Sydney 2000 when just 15. But a slew of world records over the next three years led to a dominant display at Athens 2004 as Phelps took six gold and two bronze medals, the second-best performance at an Olympic Games after fellow US swimmer Mark Spitz's seven golds in 1972. At Beijing four years later, Phelps claimed the all-time record when in the 4x100m medley relay he completed a haul of eight golds in one Games -- seven of them with world record times. Australian arch-rival Ian Thorpe had prior to Athens said it would be \"impossible\" to win eight golds -- a statement which Phelps kept on his locker as a motivation. At London four years later he became the most decorated Olympian of all time, taking his total to 18 golds, two silvers and two bronzes. Having just turned 31, he is aiming to extend his record in his fifth Games this year, having qualified for three individual events at the recent US trials by winning the 100m butterfly, 200m butterfly and 200m individual medley. [PAR] Ian Thorpe, the freestyle king [PAR] \"Thorpedo\" won five gold medals, the most by an Australian, with three in his home Sydney 2000 Games (400m free, 4x200m and 4x100m freestyle relays) and two more in Athens (400m free, 200m free) four"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord Alfred Douglas - Spartacus Educational Lord Alfred Douglas [PAR] Lord Alfred Douglas [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] Lord Alfred Douglas [PAR] Alfred Bruce Douglas, the third son of John Sholto Douglas , 9th Marquess of Queensberry (1844\u20131900), and his wife, Sybil Montgomery (1845\u20131935), was born on 22nd October 1870 at Ham Hill near Worcester . His mother called him Bosie, a name that stuck to him for the rest of his life. [PAR] Douglas attended Winchester College (1884\u20138). Although only an average student he did establish the magazine, the Winchester College Pentagram, which gave him an outlet for his poetry. In 1889 he entered Magdalen College . [PAR] According to his biographer, G. A. Cevasco : \"Athletic and handsome, popular with his classmates, he applied himself more to writing verse than his studies (he did not take a degree), but while at Oxford he contributed to the Oxford Magazine and edited the Spirit Lamp.\" In June 1891, Douglas was introduced to Oscar Wilde . The two men entered into a sexual relationship. They also worked together and in 1892 Douglas was involved in the French production of Wilde's play, Salom\u00e9 . They attempted to get it produced in London with Sarah Bernhardt taking the star role but it was banned by the Lord Chamberlain as being blasphemous. [PAR] It was decided that Salom\u00e9 should be published in book form and the Pall Mall Budget asked Aubrey Beardsley for a drawing to illustrate the review. The editor rejected the drawing as being obscene. However, in April, 1893, it appeared in the first number of The Studio magazine. Wilde liked the drawing, and his publisher, John Lane , the founder of The Bodley Head , suggested that Beardsley do an illustrated edition of the play. Wilde and Lane were both very pleased with the illustrations Beardsley produced. One of the drawings was considered by Lane as indecent and was not used in the book. Beardsley reacted by writing a short poem: [PAR] Because one figure was undressed. [PAR] This little drawing was suppressed. [PAR] It was unkind. But never mind, [PAR] Perhaps it was all for the best. [PAR] In October 1893 a dispute broke out between Douglas, Oscar Wilde , Aubrey Beardsley and John Lane over the French translation of Salom\u00e9 . Wilde's biographer, Richard Ellmann , has argued: \"Beardsley read the translation and said it would not do; he offered to make one of his own. Wilde, fortunately for Douglas, did not like this either. There ensued an acrimonious fourway controversy among Lane, Wilde, Douglas, and Beardsley. Lane said that Douglas had shown disrespect for Wilde, but backed down when Douglas accused him of stirring up trouble between them. Beardsley declared that it would be dishonest to put Douglas's name on the title page, when the translation had been so much altered by Wilde.\" [PAR] Max Beerbohm was an old friend of Wilde and Douglas. He argued that Douglas could be \"very charming\" and \"nearly brilliant\" but was \"obviously mad (like all his family)\". Douglas also had a sexual relationship with Robert Ross , one of Wilde's former lovers. While he was staying with Ross they had sex with two young boys, aged 14 and 15. Both boys confessed to their parents about what happened. After meetings with solicitors, the parents were persuaded not to go to the police, since, at that time, their sons might be seen not as victims but as equally guilty and so face the possibility of going to prison. [PAR] In June 1894 Alfred Douglas received a letter from his father"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography of Edward \"Blackbeard\" Teach - About.com Education Biography of Edward \"Blackbeard\" Teach [PAR] Biography of Edward \"Blackbeard\" Teach [PAR] The Ultimate Pirate [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] What I Learned About Today [PAR] You might also enjoy: [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Blackbeard. [PAR] Updated October 31, 2015. [PAR] Edward Teach, better known as \"Blackbeard,\" was the most feared pirate of his day and perhaps the figure most often associated with the Golden Age of Piracy in the Caribbean (or piracy in general for that matter). Blackbeard was a skilled pirate and businessman, who knew how to recruit and keep men, intimidate his enemies and use his fearsome reputation to his best advantage. Blackbeard preferred to avoid fighting if he could, but he and his men were deadly fighters when they needed to be. [PAR] He was killed on November 22, 1718, by English sailors and soldiers sent to find him. [PAR] Early Life of Blackbeard [PAR] Little is known of Edward Teach's early life, including his exact name: other spellings of his last name include Thatch, Theach and Thach. He was born in Bristol sometime around 1680. Like many young men of Bristol, he took to sea, and saw some action in English privateers during Queen Anne's War (1702-1713). [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] According to Captain Charles Johnson, one of the most important sources for information on Blackbeard, Teach distinguished himself during the war but did not receive any significant command. [PAR] Association With Hornigold [PAR] Sometime in 1716, Teach joined the crew of Benjamin Hornigold, at that time one of the most feared pirates in the Caribbean. Hornigold saw great potential in Teach, and soon promoted him to his own command. With Hornigold in command of one ship and Teach in command of another, they could capture or corner more victims and from 1716-1717 they were greatly feared by local merchants and sailors. Hornigold retired from piracy and accepted the King's pardon in early 1717. [PAR] Blackbeard and Stede Bonnet [PAR] Stede Bonnet was a most unlikely pirate: he was a gentleman from the Barbados with a large estate and family who decided he would rather be a pirate captain . He ordered a ship built, the Revenge, and fitted her out as if he were going to be a pirate hunter , but the minute he was out of port he hoisted the black flag and began looking for prizes. [PAR] Bonnet did not know one end of a ship from the other and was a terrible captain. After a major engagement with a superior ship, the Revenge was in bad shape when they limped into Nassau sometime between August and October of 1717. Bonnet was wounded, and the pirates on board begged Blackbeard, who was also in port there, to take command. The Revenge was a fine ship, and Blackbeard agreed. The eccentric Bonnet stayed on board, reading his books and walking the deck in his dressing-gown. [PAR] Blackbeard on His Own [PAR] Blackbeard, now in charge of two good ships, continued to prowl the waters of the Caribbean and North America. On November 17, 1717, he captured La Concorde, a large French slaving ship. He kept the ship, mounting 40 guns on it and naming it Queen Anne's Revenge . The Queen Anne's Revenge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Regiments That Served With The 7th Armoured Division Armour Regiments Page [PAR] Tel: 01929 403 463 [PAR] Service History [PAR] 1st RTR: When war was declared on 3rd September 1939, 1st RTR was one of the original units that formed what was then called The Heavy Brigade which was then to become 4th Armoured Brigade in December 1939. It took part in the British offensive in late 1940, which re-captured Sidi Barrani from the Italians, moving to 7th Armoured Brigade in November 1940. When Rommel counter-attacked in April 1941 it was part of 3rd Armoured Brigade and along with 5th and 6th RTR it fell back on Tobruk. 1st RTR was hastily moved to the forward areas with 'B' and 'C' Squadrons, together with 'A' Squadron 7th RTR arriving in Tobruk just before the Germans encircled the town in their advance towards the Egyptian border. Meanwhile A Squadron 1st RTR joined with 7th RTR and fought with them. As soon as the German offensive was halted, the two Battalions 'A' Squadrons were exchanged, by a destroyer making the return trip in one night. The regiment now formed part of the Tobruk garrison initially as part of 3rd Armoured Brigade and then as part of 32nd Army Tank Brigade, when the formers Brigade HQ, and regiments, were evacuated. It broke out of Tobruk with the rest of 32nd Army Tank Brigade and 70th Infantry Division, in November 1941 during the 'Operation Crusader' battles. [PAR] In mid February 1942 1st RTR joined 1st Armoured Brigade and was re-equipped with Honey and Grant Tanks ready for the Gazala battles of than year, at one time being amalgamated with 6th RTR due to losses. It fought near the 'Knightsbridge Box' before withdrawing with the rest of the 8th Army to El Alamein, briefly serving under the command of 4th Armoured Brigade in June 1942. Then as part of the re-organisation of the 8th Army prior to the coming offensive, it was re-equipped, (A Squadron with Crusaders and B and C Squadrons with Grants and Shermans) and then joined 22nd Armoured Brigade, with which was to served for the rest of the war. The Brigade then joined 7th Armoured Division in October 1942. [PAR] 2nd RTR: 3rd September 1939 found 2nd RTR stationed at Farnborough, Hampshire as part of 1st Heavy Armoured Brigade, 1st Armoured Division. It fought as part of the BEF during the Fall of France in May 1940 serving with 3rd and 5th RTR in 1st Heavy Armoured Brigade. After being evacuated at Dunkirk it was re-equipped and sailed to the Middle East and joined 4th Armoured Brigade in November 1940, taking part in the British offensive in late 1940 which re-captured Sidi Barrani from the Italians in late 1940. Along with the rest of 7th Armoured Division it was re-equipping in the Nile Delta when Rommel attached in April 1941 and in November 1941 it was part of 7th Armoured Brigade ready for 'Operation Crusader' battles. [PAR] When 7th Armoured Brigade left the desert to serve in India 2nd RTR was part of it serving along with 7th Queen's Own Hussars, arriving in Burma on 21st February 1942. It took part in the retreat from Burma and then returned to Iraq in 1943 with 7th Armoured Brigade, before moving to Italy in May 1944 where it finished the war. [PAR] 3rd RTR: When war was declared on 3rd September 1939, 3rd RTR was stationed at Warminster, Wiltshire as part of 1st Heavy Armoured Brigade, 1st Armoured Division, along with 2nd and 5th RTR. After landing at Calais on 21st/22nd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry McCarty | Article about Henry McCarty by The Free ... Henry McCarty | Article about Henry McCarty by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Henry McCarty | Article about Henry McCarty by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Henry+McCarty [PAR] Related to Henry McCarty: William Bonney [PAR] Billy the Kid [PAR] Livestock Rustler (Horses only) Cowboy Outlaw Murderer [PAR] Billy the Kid, [PAR] 1859\u201381, American outlaw, b. New York City. His real name was probably Henry McCarty; he was known as William H. Bonney. His family moved to Kansas and then to New Mexico when he was a child. He frequented saloons and gambling halls and killed several men during his teens. In 1878 he led a gang in the Lincoln co. cattle war, killed two deputies, and engaged in large-scale cattle rustling. John S. Chisum Chisum, John Simpson [PAR] , 1824\u201384, American cattleman, b. Tennessee. In 1837 he moved with his family to Texas. He had no formal education but worked as a builder and contractor, building the first courthouse in Paris, Tex. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. and other cattlemen secured (1880) the election of a new sheriff sworn to rid the country of the cattle thieves. Billy the Kid was captured, tried, and sentenced to death. He escaped but was again trapped and was shot by Sheriff Pat F. Garrett. [PAR] Bibliography [PAR] See biographies by P. F. Garrett (1882, repr. 1967), R. N. Mullin (1967), C. A. Siringo (1967), and C. W. Breihan (1970). [PAR] Billy the Kid"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Little-Known Mount Rushmore Story Lands Award for State ... South Dakota State News Home [PAR] Little-Known Mount Rushmore Story Lands Award for State Historical Society [PAR] FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Sept. 15, 2014 [PAR] CONTACT: Jeff Mammenga, Media Coordinator, (605) 773-6000, jeff.mammenga@state.sd.us [PAR] [PAR] Little-Known Mount Rushmore Story Lands Award for State Historical Society [PAR] [PAR] PIERRE, S.D.\u2014\u201cLove Letters from Mount Rushmore: The Story of a Marriage, a Monument, and a Moment in History\u201d by Richard Cerasani has won the Gold Award for Non-Fiction, Adult Books, from Mom\u2019s Choice Awards\u00ae. [PAR] [PAR] Focusing on the story of Arthur Cerasani, a sculptor on the Mount Rushmore National Memorial from March to September of 1940, the book was published earlier this year by the South Dakota State Historical Society. [PAR] [PAR] An artist from Rochester, New York, Arthur Cerasani lived in the Black Hills, while his family remained over 1,500 miles away in Avon, N.Y. Over this vast distance, he and his wife Mary stayed connected through daily letters. Their correspondence, presented in \u201cLove Letters from Mount Rushmore\u201d with never-before-seen photographs, brings to light the everyday trials of working on the Mount Rushmore Memorial and the strength of the human spirit. Despite isolation, spring blizzards, summer heat, and the unpredictable moods and fortunes of master sculptor Gutzon Borglum, Arthur Cerasani managed to grow as an artist and connect with Luigi Del Bianco, Hugo Villa and other carvers of the great monument. [PAR] [PAR] \u201c\u2018Love Letters from Mount Rushmore\u2019 is an engaging account about a little-known worker on the mountain,\u201d said Nancy Tystad Koupal, director of the South Dakota State Historical Society Press. \u201cWe are pleased that Mom\u2019s Choice Awards recognizes the importance of what is essentially the story of many Mount Rushmore workers and their significance to the American story.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] The book\u2019s author, Richard Cerasani, is the middle son of Arthur and Mary Cerasani. Using letters, photographs, art and personal memories, he shares the story of his parents and other workers on the national monument and puts them into the context of their time. A professional actor made famous by his role as the villain Bill Watson on \u201cGeneral Hospital,\u201d Richard Cerasani has acted under the stage name Richard Caine for over 50 years. [PAR] [PAR] Mom\u2019s Choice Awards\u00ae evaluates products from around the world created for children and families. Judges come from a variety of backgrounds and appraise a book\u2019s quality, educational value, originality and appeal. \u201cLove Letters from Mount Rushmore\u201d is the first adult book from the SDSHS Press to receive an award from Mom\u2019s Choice. In August, \u201cTasunka: A Lakota Horse Legend\u201d received the Gold Award for Children\u2019s Picture Books. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cLove Letters from Mount Rushmore\u201d is available in hardcover for $29.95 plus shipping and tax and can be purchased from most bookstores or ordered directly from the South Dakota Historical Society Press. Visit www.sdshspress.com, call (605) 773-6009 or email orders@sdshspress.com. [PAR] [PAR] -30- [PAR] [PAR] The South Dakota State Historical Society is a division of the Department of Tourism. The Department of Tourism is comprised of Tourism, the South Dakota Arts Council, and the State Historical Society. The Department is led by Secretary James D. Hagen. The State Historical Society, an Affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, is headquartered at the South Dakota Cultural Heritage Center in Pierre. The center houses the society\u2019s world-class museum, the archives, and the historic preservation, publishing and administrative/development offices. Call (605) 773-3458 or visit www.history.sd.gov for more information. The society also has an archaeology office in Rapid City; call (605) 394-1936 for more information.[DOC] [TLE] The State of South"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football's Hard Men: A Who's Who of the Hardest Men in ... Football's Hard Men: A Who's Who of the Hardest Men in Soccer | Bleacher Report [PAR] Football's Hard Men: A Who's Who of the Hardest Men in Soccer [PAR] By Willie Gannon , Senior Writer [PAR] Mar 8, 2009 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] 19.2K [PAR] 52 [PAR] Comments [PAR] The beautiful game...Over the years football has had its fair share of memorable characters. Great players, great managers, legends...One can remember moments that seem to stick in the recesses of the mind. [PAR] Diego Maradona dribbling from the half way line against England. Marco Tardelli wheeling away with tears in his eyes after he scored in the World Cup final. Pele and Moore swapping jerseys. There are many moments in the sport we love. [PAR] But one thing that is as remembered as a great goal is a great tackle, and sometimes a bad tackle. [PAR] Here is a celebration of some of the hardest, dirtiest, and toughest players ever to play the game. [PAR] First up is Terry Butcher as pictured above. [PAR] Next \u00bb [PAR] Nobby Stiles (Manchester United & England) [PAR] Little Nobby was one of the greatest man markers ever to play in England. A consummate professional who was as loved by his own team as he was feared by opponents. [PAR] The ultimate team player who was utilised to his full ability by both Alf Ramsay and Matt Busby. It's fair to say that neither of their great teams would have operated without the hardest Norbert in the world. [PAR] Next \u00bb [PAR] Joe Jordan (Leeds United & Scotland) [PAR] One of the most feared strikers in his day. The toothless Joe Jordan struck fear into the hearts of defenders all over the world. In a career that also took in Manchester United and AC Milan, this hard man had the skills to back up his ferocious reputation. [PAR] He is one of only two Scottish players to have scored in three World Cups, Kenny Dalglish being the other. [PAR] Next \u00bb [PAR] Bert Trautmann (Manchester City) [PAR] The German war hero was captured by British forces during the war and was sent to a prisoner of war camp in Lancashire. When the war ended, he decided to stay in England and it was not long before Manchester City took notice of the German's impressive goalkeeping skills. [PAR] Rated as one of the best 'keepers ever to play in Britain, Trautmann is probably most famous for playing on with a broken neck in the 1956 FA Cup final. [PAR] The above photo shows his team mates helping him to the famous Wembley steps where he collected his winners medal, in a man of the match performance. [PAR] Next \u00bb [PAR] Ron \"Chopper\" Harris (Chelsea & England) [PAR] For almost 20 years Ron Harris made the Chelsea back line one of the most feared in English football. This tough tackling captain was the youngest ever captain to lead his team out in an FA Cup Final in 1967 at 22 years of age. [PAR] Famous for his scything late tackles, Ron led Chelsea into the Battle of Wembley in 1970, where they faced an uncompromising Leeds United. [PAR] Still loved at Chelsea for his exploits the Chopper also holds the record for the most amount of matches at the club, an impressive 655 games. Not bad for someone who played through the '60s and '70s. [PAR] Next \u00bb [PAR] Tommy Smith (Liverpool) [PAR] The player"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harbhajan Singh Plaha - Indian, India Travel, Indian Food ... Harbhajan Singh, Harbhajan Singh Plaha, Harbhajan Singh Photos, Harbhajan Singh Wallpapers, Indian Cricketer, Harbhajan Singh Profile [PAR] HARBHAJAN SINGH PLAHA [PAR] Harbhajan Singh Plaha [PAR] Harbhajan Singh full name Harbhajan Singh Plaha was intuitive on 3 July 1980 in Jalandhar; Punjab, India in a Ramgarhia Sikh family is an Indian cricketer. A professional bowler, he has the second-highest figure of Test wickets by an off spinner following Sri Lanka's Muttiah Muralitharan. [PAR] Harbhajan made his Test and One Day International entrances in early on 1998. His job was at the start inundated by analysis into the legality of his bowling act and corrective incidents that heaved the bile of cricket establishment. Still in 2001, with foremost leg spinner Anil Kumble wounded, Harbhajan's job was revived after Indian Skipper Sourav Ganguly called for his insertion in the Border-Gavaskar Trophy side. In that sequence triumph over Australia, Harbhajan recognized himself as the squad's foremost spinner by taking 32 wickets, becoming the first Indian bowler to take a hat trick in Test cricket. [PAR] A finger injury in mid 2003 sidelined him for much of the subsequent year; allocate Kumble to salvage his place as the first option spinner. Harbhajan domesticated a standard point in the side upon his return in behind 2004, but over and over again found him watching from the sidelines in Test games outer the Indian subcontinent with usually only one spinner, Kumble, being used. All the way through 2006 and into early on 2007, Harbhajan's accretion of wickets fell and his bowling normal improved, and he was ever more censured for bowling defensively with fewer loops. Successive India's first-round eradication from the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Harbhajan was changed by other spinners in the national team for both systems. He recaptured a standard position in the squad in late 2007, but became the theme of further argument. In early on 2008, he was given an excluded by the International Cricket Council for ethnically defamatory Andrew Symonds. The ban was retracted upon request, but in April, Harbhajan was excluded from the 2008 Indian Premier League and perched from the ODI side by the Board of Control for Cricket in India for slapping Sreesanth after a game. [PAR] He was granted the Padma Shri, India's fourth maximum civilian honor, in 2009. [PAR] Early years and personal life [PAR] Harbhajan was born into a center class Punjabi Ramgarhia Sikh folks. He is the only son of Sardar Sardev Singh, a manufacturer who possessed a ball bearing and valve factory. Increasing up with five sisters, Harbhajan was in line to come into the family business, but his father persisted that he concentrates on his cricket job and symbolized India. Harbhajan was skilled as a batsman by his first Coach Charanjit Singh Bhullar, but renewed to twist bowling after his coach's premature death saw him turn to the protection of Davinder Arora. Arora acclaims Harbhajan's triumph to a work ethic that included a three hour training conference in the sunrise, pursued by an afternoon conference eternal from 3 pm in anticipation of after sunset. [PAR] Next the demise of his father in 2000, Harbhajan became the family head, and as of 2001, had planned marriages for three of his sisters. In 2002, he feint out his own marriage until at least 2008.In 2005, he yet again fended off marriage rumours involving him to a Bangalore based bride, stating that he would only make a verdict \"after a couple of years\", and that he would be seeking a Punjabi bride elected by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ... Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 - CNN.com [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 [PAR] By Richard Allen Greene, CNN [PAR] Updated 9:49 PM ET, Mon April 8, 2013 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] The life and legacy of the 'Iron Lady' 03:40 [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] Thatcher, Britain's \"Iron Lady,\" died after suffering a stroke Monday, her spokeswoman said [PAR] She retired from public life in 2002 after a stroke [PAR] As British PM from 1975 to 1990, she played a key role in ending the Cold War [PAR] But Thatcher opposed reunification of Germany [PAR] Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a towering figure in postwar British and world politics and the only woman to become British prime minister, has died at the age of 87. [PAR] She suffered a stroke Monday, her spokeswoman said. A British government source said she died at the Ritz Hotel in London. [PAR] Thatcher's funeral will be at St. Paul's Cathedral, with full military honors, followed by a private cremation, the British prime minister's office announced. [PAR] Thatcher served from 1975 to 1990 as leader of the Conservative Party. She was called the \"Iron Lady\" for her personal and political toughness. [PAR] She retired from public life after a stroke in 2002 and suffered several strokes after that. [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Margaret Thatcher , the first woman to become British prime minister, has died at 87 after a stroke, a spokeswoman said Monday, April 8. Known as the \"Iron Lady,\" Thatcher, as Conservative Party leader, was prime minister from 1979 to 1990. Here she visits British Prime Minister David Cameron at 10 Downing Street in London in June 2010. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher with her parents and sister Muriel in 1945. Thatcher, born Margaret Hilda Roberts in 1925, studied chemistry at Oxford University and worked as a research chemist before becoming a barrister in 1954. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Conservative Party candidate Margaret Roberts, the youngest candidate for any party in the 1950 general election, works in a laboratory where she was a research chemist. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 The Conservative Party candidate for Dartford in Kent, England, meets some potential constituents in January 1950. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher chats with a police officer outside the House of Commons, where she took a seat as a member of Parliament for Finchley in October 1959. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher addresses a Conservative Party conference in October 1967. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher in 1970. Within five years, she would become leader of the Conservatives. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Prime Minister Edward Heath"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Craig Stadler Speaker | Contact Booking Agent For Fees ... Craig Stadler Speaker | Contact Booking Agent For Fees & Appearances [PAR] Contact Craig Stadler Booking Agent [PAR] Craig Stadler Biography [PAR] Craig Stadler was born June 2, 1953 and is a professional golfer who has won numerous tournaments at both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour level. [PAR] Stadler was born in San Diego, California and attended La Jolla High School. He displayed a talent for golf early in life. He won the 1973 U.S. Amateur, while attending the University of Southern California where he was an All-American all four years -\u0080\u0094 first-team his sophomore and junior years; second-team his freshman and senior years. He turned professional in 1976. [PAR] Stadler won his first two PGA Tour events in 1980, at the Bob Hope Desert Classic and the Greater Greensboro Open. His career year was 1982 when he won four PGA Tour events including The Masters after a playoff with Dan Pohl. [PAR] Stadler won the Byron Nelson Golf Classic in 1984, and the 1991 Tour Championship. He won the NEC World Series of Golf again in 1992, and the Buick Invitational of California in 1994. He also won the Nissan Open in 1996 and the B.C. Open in 2003, becoming the first player over age 50 to win a PGA Tour event in 28 years. He won 13 PGA Tour events in all. He played on the 1983 and 1985 Ryder Cup teams. [PAR] Stadler began playing on the Champions Tour upon becoming eligible in June 2003; he was the leading money winner in his first full year on that tour in 2004. [PAR] Very popular with the galleries, Stadler is affectionately called \"The Walrus\" for his portly build and his ample moustache. He currently lives in Denver, Colorado. His son Kevin is also a professional golfer. His brother Gary Stadler is a Billboard-charting recording artist. [PAR] Craig Stadler Hiring and Booking Information [PAR] Golf is the one of the few sports where the pressure is focused on one athlete, which is why corporations choose to have a golfer like Craig Stadler deliver a keynote speech. The booking agents at AthletePromotions can assist with Craig Stadler speaking engagements, corporate appearances and VIP Meet & Greets. We have years of experience in booking the top golfers for speaking appearances, autograph signings and endorsements. Booking a golfer like Craig Stadler is not a hard process. Our agents can provide availability, fees and all costs associated in bringing out a popular golfer to your next corporate event. Allow us to find Craig Stadler\u2019s agent to make this appearance the best it can be. A Craig Stadler appearance will be sure to add the needed excitement to your upcoming event, rewarding valuable employees, clients and customers. Most likely, golf fans and corporations can find Craig Stadler's official website, charity involvement, Twitter account, representation, publicist and management info at www.Craig Stadler.com."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] flax | plant | Britannica.com flax | plant | Britannica.com [PAR] plant [PAR] Alternative Titles: common flax, Linum usitatissimum [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] flaxseed [PAR] Flax (Linum usitatissimum), plant of the family Linaceae , cultivated both for its fibre , from which linen yarn and fabric are made, and for its nutritious seeds, called flaxseed or linseed, from which linseed oil is obtained. Though flax has lost some of its value as a commercial fibre crop owing to the availability of synthetic fibres, it has grown in popularity as a health food and remains economically significant in a number of countries around the world, including China , Russia , and Canada . (For additional information on the nutrition and uses of the seeds, see flaxseed ). [PAR] Harvesting flax near Hrodna, in western Belarus. [PAR] A. Perekhod/Tass from Sovfoto [PAR] Flaxseed, or linseed, harvested from flax (Linum usitatissimum). [PAR] AdstockRF [PAR] Flax is an herbaceous annual . When densely planted for fibre, plants average 0.9 to 1.2 metres (3 to 4 feet) in height, with slender stalks 2.5 to 4 mm (about 0.10 to 0.15 inch) in diameter and with branches concentrated at the top. Plants cultivated for seed are shorter and many-branched. The leaves , alternating on the stalk, are small and lance-shaped. The flowers , borne on stems growing from the branch tips, have five petals, usually blue in colour but sometimes white or pink. The fruits are small dry capsules composed of five lobes. [PAR] Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in bloom. The plant is grown for its useful fibres as well as for \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 Mykola Ivashchenko/Shutterstock.com [PAR] A bast fibre , flax is one of the oldest textile fibres. Evidence of its use has been found in the prehistoric lake dwellings of Switzerland . Fine linen fabrics, indicating a high degree of skill, have been discovered in ancient Egyptian tombs. Phoenician traders apparently brought linen from the Mediterranean area to Gaul and Britain , and the Romans introduced linen manufacture throughout their empire. In the 17th century the German states and Russia were major sources of raw material, and the linen industry was established in the Netherlands, Ireland, England , and Scotland. In North America the expansion of the cotton industry reduced the importance of linen. [PAR] Similar Topics[DOC] [TLE] Linseed Oil - Edible Oil - Mohrmann & Co GmbH Linseed Oil - Edible Oil - Mohrmann & Co GmbH [PAR] [PAR] Linseed Oil [PAR] The principal plant named Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae) The origin is unknown. Linseed belongs to one of the longest cultivated plants."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pump It Up & Out | Storm Water Solutions Pump It Up & Out | Storm Water Solutions [PAR] Pump It Up & Out [PAR] Share: Facebook Twitter Google Plus LinkedIn [PAR] A Maryland county utilizes three Archimedes screw pumps to solve severe flooding problems [PAR] The Edmonston Storm Water Pump Station is located in the town of Edmonston, Md., in Prince George\u2019s County. For years, the existing pump station had been unable to keep up with high-intensity storm flows reaching the station\u2019s retention pond and transfer them to the Anacostia River. As a result, nearby homes and properties had been subjected to flooding caused by pond overflow. [PAR] Following severe flooding in 2004, the Prince George\u2019s County Department of Public Works and Transportation (DPW&T) commenced the Edmonston Storm Water Pump Station improvements project. The station upgrade included three new Archimedes screw pumps, each 46 ft long and 10 ft in diameter and capable of pumping 133 cu ft of water per second. [PAR] Watershed Characteristics [PAR] The Washington, D.C., metropolitan area is subject to more than 40 in. of rainfall per year. The Maryland Stormwater Design Manual tabulates the 24-hour rainfall depths associated with the one-, two-, 10- and 100-year storm events as 2.7, 3.3, 5.3 and 7.4 in., respectively, for Prince George\u2019s County. Rainfall intensities are relatively high. For example, intensity duration frequency curves for Arlington County, Va., just across the Potomac River from Prince George\u2019s County, show that a 10-year storm event has an intensity of 5 in. per hour for a duration of 15 minutes. [PAR] The Edmonston Storm Water Pump Station is located on the northwest side of the northeast branch of the Anacostia River and serves a drainage area of 0.72 sq miles. The drainage area is essentially built out with commercial, industrial and urban single-family residences. The river has a drainage area of approximately 175 sq miles, though much of this is located downstream of the pump station. [PAR] The pump station has a 52,000-sq-ft retention pond which provides approximately 365,000 cu ft of storage. Influent culverts include 66- and 27-in.-diameter circular culverts, a 5-by-11-ft box culvert and a 4-ft-9-in.-by-10-ft box culvert. There are two 5-by-8-ft effluent box culverts with an invert out elevation of 6.8 ft. [PAR] The original pump station, built in the late 1950s by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has two 75-hp pumps, each capable of pumping 50 cu ft per second through the levee to the Anacostia River. These pumps are set to turn on when the water in the retention pond is at an elevation of 12 ft, when the pond is approximately two-thirds full. [PAR] Station Design & Pump Selection [PAR] In 2005, the DPW&T retained Waste Water Management Inc., Falls Church, Va., to design the upgrade. Working closely with the DPW&T, the company determined that Archimedes screw pumps would be ideal. Advantages of Archimedes screw pumps include capability of pumping debris, relatively slow speed and thus less wear and abrasion, no net positive suction head required (NPSHreq)\u2014providing a capability of running dry\u2014and the cost savings associated with not having piping and valving. [PAR] On this project, the fact that the pumps could run dry was the most important consideration; it allows the pumps to turn on when the retention pond water surface elevation (adjustable setpoint) is only inches above the box culvert invert elevation, rather than 5 ft above it as was required by the original axial flow pumps due to their NPSHreq. While other types of pumps could have been used, a deep wet well would have been required, which would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Project MUSE - Emma: Jane Austen's Errant Heroine Project MUSE - Emma: Jane Austen's Errant Heroine [PAR] Jane Austen's Errant Heroine [PAR] Eugene Goodheart (bio) [PAR] Jane Austen warned her readers that \"I am going to take a heroine whom no one but myself will much like.\" It is easier to say why the reader may dislike Emma than why her creator likes her. Emma is willful, manipulative, an arranger or rather a misarranger of other people's lives. Much of the time she fails to see things clearly and truly, and her self-knowledge is uncertain. At the end of the novel she acknowledges that she has learned from experience, but not every reader is persuaded. [PAR] In the beginning we find admiration for Emma and her situation: \"Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.\" There is perhaps a qualification in the word seemed. Three paragraphs down, the qualification is confirmed. \"The real evils indeed of Emma's situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her.\" An absent mother (who died when she was very young), a valetudinarian father, and an indulgent governess combine to give her rule of the household. What follows are the promised \"evils,\" \"disadvantages,\" and \"misfortunes\" that create a dissonance between Austen's stated affection for her heroine and the reader's unease with Emma, if not outright dislike of her. Part of the drama for the reader will be discovering the source of Austen's affection, whether or not the reader ultimately shares it. [PAR] The case against Emma is clear enough. In trying to arrange a marriage between the vain and pompous Mr. Elton (not her first impression of him) and the young and na\u00efve Harriet Smith, Emma ignores both the temperamental disaffinity and the social distance between them\u2014and more grievously she misunderstands the desires of Mr. Elton. He is a vicar from a good family with [End Page 589] social ambitions; Harriet, an illegitimate young girl of seventeen, wholly in thrall to Emma's matchmaking machinations. Emma callously dismisses Robert Martin's affection for Harriet. Martin, a yeoman farmer, is a solid and admirable character ultimately deserving of the title gentleman, but Emma's snobbery prevents her from appreciating his virtues. Her intervention delays what turns out to be the right outcome, a marriage between Robert Martin and Harriet. But she seems to have learned nothing from her failure and proceeds to plot a marriage between Harriet and Frank Churchill that is again based on a total misunderstanding of their respective natures and desires. [PAR] Emma takes her cues for her behavior from observing external circumstances that she invariably misinterprets. She reads Elton as interested in Harriet when in fact she herself is the object of his interest. She fantasizes a match between Frank Churchill and Harriet on the basis of an event in which Churchill rescues Harriet from an assault by gypsies. If the capacity for accurate interpretation is a sign of intelligence, Emma seems to fail the intelligence test again and again, despite the \"cleverness\" that Austen attributes to her. Emma in fact is a perfect illustration of how will or desire or preconception may determine interpretation. And"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Early Career - Robert Palmer Early Career [PAR] Early Career [PAR] The Mandrakes [PAR] Robert went to art school at Scarborough Technical College. His first band was The Mandrakes which were formed in 1965. [PAR] This band had nothing to do with The Mandrake Paddle Steamer contrary to previous press reports. The Mandrakes supported many renowned acts during this period at local venues and appeared from a live festival appearance on the television programme \"Six Five\" [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Robert sang, but did not recordwith Dada, who also featured Elkie Brooks on vocals. Dada metamorphosed into Vinegar Joe who recorded 3 albums for Island records: [PAR] [PAR] Vinegar Joe [PAR] [PAR] Robert's writing increased apace and he had sole or shared writing credits on 8 of the tracks across the 3 Vinegar Joe albums, including the single \"Never Met A Dog\" The album Six Star General included a cover of an Andy Fraser (Free and ex John Mayall's Bluesbreakers bass player) song \"Talkin' Bout My Baby\". This marked an early admiration by Robert for Andy Fraser which later became apparent in his faithful and warm cover of Andy's \"Every Kinda People\", one of Robert's biggest early commercial successes [PAR] The line up of Vinegar Joe was Elkie Brooks (vocals and percussion), Robert Palmer (vocals and rhythm guitar), Pete Gage (guitars and effects), Steve York (bass guitar), Tim Hinkley (piano and organ), Rob Tait (drums and percussion).Vinegar Joe toured heavily and made TV appearances on \"The Old Grey Whistle Test\", \"Music Unlimited (\"Ride Me Easy Rider)\" and Best Of The Beat Club (\"Proud To Be (A Honky Woman))\" but the albums failed to achieve any significant sales figures and the band split up in March 1974. The idea was mooted at the time of Robert joining Little Feat (he allegedly sang backing vocals on a little Feat US tour), as a replacement for Lowell George, but Robert stayed with Chris Blackwell's Island records as a solo artist. [PAR] .[DOC] [TLE] Interview with Elkie Brooks (2003) - Robert Palmer : Music ... Interview with Elkie Brooks (2003) - Robert Palmer : Music & Style [PAR] Robert Palmer : Music & Style [PAR] Interview with Elkie Brooks (2003) [PAR] Publi\u00e9 le 15 D\u00e9cembre 2008 [PAR] Jon Kirkman: When Vinegar Joe split, I was very surprised that it took you longer to establish yourself as a solo artist than it did for Robert Palmer although, to be fair, he didn't make the big bucks until the mid eighties, but it seemed the emphasis was on Robert Palmer rather than Elkie Brooks. [PAR] Elkie Brooks: Well, I'll give you a very simple scenario for that one. Robert already had his career mapped out a year before he told us he was leaving the band. We were just a rehearsal band for Robert Palmer but it never worked out that way. I got picked on by the media and I was the focal point of the band. But a year before he left, he had all the songs written, he knew what area he was going to go in and what he was going to do. He basically had Chris Blackwell in his pocket and the rest, as you know, is history. [PAR] [PAR] JK: Well, if I'm honest, and this is no disrespect to Robert, his songs on Six Star General sounded very much like Robert Palmer solo rather than Vinegar Joe. [PAR] EB: Unfortunately and in fairness to Robert, because I think he was full of frustration the last couple of years in the band. You have to remember there were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Italians and Race (Race and Nationality) - Orville Jenkins Italians and Race (Race and Nationality) [PAR] Dr. Orville Boyd Jenkins [PAR] Question: [PAR] Italians consider themselves to be White or Caucasians. Why are they darker in shade and their features vary? [PAR] Answer: [PAR] The variations in skin colour and other physical features make a fascinating focus. [PAR] I have travelled and lived in the Mediterranean region, and find that the whole region tends to predominate with darker complexioned, dark-haired people. However, there is an obvious visible difference in the sprinkling of blond-haired individuals all through the area, including Northern Africa (Berbers), Turkey and Greece. [PAR] Like peoples in most all of Europe, the people in the peninsula we now know as the country of Italy, are of greatly mixed background. Racial categories or terms depend on the choices available. Caucasian is a common term, but not precisely defined or consistently used. [PAR] Caucasian and Colour [PAR] The categories and terms Caucasian or Caucasoid to denote certain general physical features is a very broad term, with no precise technical meaning. Usages vary quite widely. [PAR] In recent western history, the term has been used in a general way to refer to the lighter-skinned race(s) of European origin, also sometimes referred to as \"White people.\" That is a very general term, and total relative in use, even used among black peoples to distinguish lighter and darker individuals in their own tribes. [PAR] Terms used to designate \"races\" are only relative, or comparative, words with usages depending on the social or ethnic setting in which they are used. [PAR] There is no defined racial grouping for whom the term is used. The term is used in some countries in somewhat official ways, such as a choice for ethnicity in censuses or other demographic information. But people with the physical features normally associated with the term Caucasoid include a full range of skin colours, including the Arabs, Somalis, Dravidian groups (Southern India and Southeast Asia) and other black or brown peoples. [PAR] There seems to be a full range or continuum of genetic or physiological features across a quite wide range of cultures, language groups and geographical areas. Thus it is a matter of relative contrast. It depends who you are comparing a particular group to. [PAR] Relative Colour [PAR] In contrast to black Africans, sometimes called \"Negroid\" in features or race, the Italians, along with other darker southern Europeans, are indeed white. In comparison to blond Scandinavians, they don't look so white. But in general they still fit in the category of humans the term Caucasian normally refers to. [PAR] Geographical Origin [PAR] In origin the term \"Caucasian\" is an adjective referring to the Caucasus mountains. This is thought to be the original dispersal point of peoples speaking forms of speech now identified as Indo-European. [PAR] Thus it references the general history traceable through language information back to the Caucasus mountains. The language history is not correlated in any way to ethnicity or physical features. Today peoples of all \"races\" speak Indo-European languages. [PAR] In the migrations over just the past 2000 years, peoples of Asian origin have come into Europe in various waves of military or other migration. These peoples, related to Mongols and Turks, mixed with peoples of Germanic and other Indo-European backgrounds. [PAR] Others were Arabs and Berbers from Northern Africa, as well as earlier Phoenicians. These peoples would also fit into the grouping commonly called Caucasian also today, but they spoke Semitic languages. [PAR] Variety in Ancient \"Italy\" [PAR] From pre-Roman times, it appears there was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] geometry - How many sides does a circle have ... geometry - How many sides does a circle have? - Mathematics Stack Exchange [PAR] How many sides does a circle have? [PAR] up vote 143 down vote favorite [PAR] 30 [PAR] My son is in 2nd grade. His math teacher gave the class a quiz, and one question was this: [PAR] If a triangle has 3 sides, and a rectangle has 4 sides, how many sides does a circle have? [PAR] My first reaction was \"0\" or \"undefined\". But my son wrote \"$\\infty$\" which I think is a reasonable answer. However, it was marked wrong with the comment, \"the answer is 1\". [PAR] Is there an accepted correct answer in geometry? [PAR] edit: I ran into this teacher recently and mentioned this quiz problem. She said she thought my son had written \"8\" and didn't know that a sideways \"8\" means infinity. [PAR] Ridiculous teacher, IMO. \u2013 Aryabhata Apr 8 '11 at 19:30 [PAR] 30 [PAR] [PAR] It sounds very likely that the teacher did not make clear what they considered a \"side\" to be and whether or not the term is applicable to circles. \u2013 Ryan Budney Apr 8 '11 at 19:34 [PAR] 21 [PAR] [PAR] The question is incomplete as stated. Saying that a triangle has 3 sides and a rectangle has 4 sides is not a good definition of \"sides.\" This is quite a ridiculous question for 2nd grade students. The question can only confuse, and has no definite answer based on this definition. \u2013 fdart17 Apr 8 '11 at 19:42 [PAR] 86 [PAR] [PAR] Clearly the teacher thinks that $lim_{n \\to +\\infty}n = 1$. Does the teacher have an account somewhere that I can downvote? \u2013 knucklebumpler Apr 8 '11 at 20:28 [PAR] 38 [PAR] [PAR] What a retarded teacher. Infinity, regardless of it being \"right\", clearly demonstrates a pretty advanced grasp of math for a 2nd grader; it definitively doesn't deserve to be marked wrong. \u2013 houbysoft Apr 9 '11 at 1:40 [PAR] up vote 107 down vote accepted [PAR] The answer depends on the definition of the word \"side.\" I think this is a terrible question (edit: to put on a quiz) and is the kind of thing that will make children hate math. \"Side\" is a term that should really be reserved for polygons. [PAR] 54 [PAR] [PAR] I don't think the question is terrible in itself, but asking it without realizing that there are arguments in favour of $0$, $1$ and $\\infty$ and marking $\\infty$ as wrong is catastrophic. \u2013 joriki Apr 8 '11 at 19:35 [PAR] 61 [PAR] [PAR] Or the more common interpretation of the question, \"2 sides, inside and outside\" \u2013 picakhu Apr 8 '11 at 19:39 [PAR] 3 [PAR] [PAR] @Donotalo: again, it really depends on the definitions. In my opinion \"side\" should be restricted to polygons. One should define a polygon as a simple closed piecewise-linear curve in the plane with finitely many linear pieces and the number of sides of a polygon as the number of linear pieces. I don't really see the point of extending this definition beyond the piecewise-linear case. \u2013 Qiaochu Yuan Apr 9 '11 at 4:35 [PAR] 12 [PAR] [PAR] I don't think that this is a terrible question. The terrible thing is to pretend there is a unique answer. Instead, this kind of thing can be a motivation to explain the (non-unique) nature of generalizations and the nature of precise definitions. \u2013 Phira May 20 '11 at 10:09 [PAR] 13 [PAR] [PAR] @Asaf: I really do not think there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home Distillation of Alcohol (Homemade Alcohol to Drink) Home Distillation of Alcohol (Homemade Alcohol to Drink) [PAR] Using Potatoes [PAR] Methods for Using Fruits [PAR] If tempted to try some of the European use of fruits, the following is somewhat of a guide. Apple brandy is usually 60% apple, 30% pear, and 10% your choice. [PAR] Run the fruit through a juice extractor or similar, no pips unless you enjoy cyanide ,and no pith if possible. Put the skins through the food processor/juice extractor as that's where the enzymes are that the yeast require. [PAR] Achieve a specific gravity of about 1.050, dilute with water if necessary. [PAR] Pitch a rehydrated yeast at a temp. of 25/30 C. It is very important to then hold the fermentation at that temperature. It will achieve that pretty much itself ,but just be prepared to help it keep that way. Any dry white wine ,champagne or sherry yeast is good. An excellent French brand is Lallemand (Uvaferm bc or Lalvin ec-1118), but you will also need to use a yeast nutrient (eg Fermaid, or try your local home brew shop). [PAR] Fermentation will take no more than 8 days (the reason the traditional fermentation takes so long is they use wild yeasts). [PAR] Don't add sugar if you want this to be \"kosher \"and a fair dinkum brew. Sugar will raise the ethanol production but at the expense of taste/quality etc. [PAR] Don't do any additions after fermentation has started - it can stop a brew in it's tracks. [PAR] Jack adds ... [PAR] the majority of flavor compounds in whiskey come from the yeast that is used. The aldehydes that the yeast contributes turn into esters on long aging. These halp to provide a better flavor for the whisky. In a fruit brandy (like plums)- this would mar the flavor of the fruit- It may make it more complex if it were aged on oak for a while- but for those attempting to make a clear slivovitz/schnaps type of spirit- the yeast would give flavors that prevent the pure plum flavor from coming through. I guess another rule for fruit brandy/schnaps has got to be: Let the wine clarify fully before distilling- no distilling on the lees !. [PAR] A less traditional approach would be.. [PAR] 2 kg Granny Smith apples or Nashi pears [PAR] 1 Campden tablet (for basic sterilisation) [PAR] 6 tsp yeast nutrient [PAR] 5 kg sugar/glucose [PAR] Peel & grate fruit, add to fermenter with Campden tablets , and 3L water. Cover and leave for 24-36 hours. Dissolve sugar & nutrient in some hot water, then add to fermentor. Top up with cold water to 24L. Add yeast when below 24C. SG should drop from 1.03 to 0.99 over 12-14 days. [PAR] Don't overdo the Campden tablets. They are sodium metabisulphite, and can kill they yeast if not fully dissipated by the time the yeast is added. [PAR] The best fruit to use is windfall fruit (the stuff brown & lying on the ground), as these are higher in sugar. Sometimes when trying to make schnapps, you can reserve a little of the fermented stock, and add this back to the distilled liquor, to enhance the flavour. [PAR] For schnapps, Jack explains ... [PAR] Schnapps may be made by fermenting 4.5 pounds of fruit in a gallon of water, in addition to 2 pounds of sugar and a heaping tablespoon of winemaker's acid blend (per gallon). After fermenting, this may be distilled (I filtered out the fruit pulp, but didn't clarify beyond that) in a potstill"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary : SBS Food Glossary : SBS Food [PAR] (top) [PAR] Acacia seed [PAR] A small, oval, black variety of the wattle seed. It is roasted and milled to be used in a wide variety of foods including soups, meat rubs, ice-creams and baked goods. [PAR] Acetic Acid [PAR] An organic acid better known as vinegar. [PAR] Acidulated Water [PAR] Water to which an acid substance such as lemon juice or wine vinegar is added. Once peeled, vegetables such as celery and artichokes can be immersed in it to stop them from going brown. [PAR] Agar-Agar [PAR] Based on seaweed and used as a stabiliser or thickener in many food products, agar-agar is a vegetarian alternative to gelatine. It is sold in many of the large supermarkets in powder form, as flakes and as bars. [PAR] Ajowan [PAR] Also known as ajwain, ajowan caraway, carom seeds or mistakenly as bishop's weed, it is a plant of Indian and the Near East whose seeds are often used as a spice. It has an intense thyme-like flavour and a zesty kick. [PAR] Ajvar [PAR] A relish made from grilled red capsicum, eggplant, garlic and olive oil. Available in hot and mild variations, it is often served with grilled and roasted meat in Croatian cuisine. [PAR] Akara [PAR] Fritters made from black eyed-peas that are eaten as snacks either at home or as street food. [PAR] Akudjura [PAR] Also known as bush tomatoes or desert raisins, these tiny tomato-like berries are yellow when ripe but are mostly available commercially in dried form - whole or ground - as a brownish-red fruit with a taste similar to sun-dried tomatoes. [PAR] Al Dente [PAR] An Italian phrase used to describe the texture of pasta, rice and vegetables as tender or soft on the outside but still firm 'to the bite'. [PAR] Albumen [PAR] The white of an egg. [PAR] Alicha [PAR] A mild Ethiopian curry sauce featuring garlic and ginger, turmeric and pungent spices. [PAR] Allspice [PAR] The pea-sized berry of the evergreen Pimiento tree, native to the West Indies and South America. In Jamaica, it is also known as Jamaica pepper. Tastes like a combination of cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves and is used in both sweet and savoury dishes. [PAR] Almonds [PAR] The kernel of the fruit of the almond tree. There are two main types of almonds - sweet and bitter. The sweet almond is delicate and slightly sweet. Bitter almonds are more strongly flavoured and contain traces of lethal prussic acid when raw. Processed bitter almonds are used to flavour extracts and liqueurs. [PAR] Amaranth [PAR] Amaranth was a sacred food of the Aztecs. In Asia, varieties have been grown as a green vegetable since the beginning of time. It is a tall plant with broad leaves that produces many thousands of tiny seeds. Both leaves and seeds are edible. The greens have a good, slightly sweet flavour and can be used both cooked and raw. The seeds are used as a cereal or can be ground into flour. Amaranth seeds and flour can be found in health food, Caribbean and Asian shops. [PAR] Amaretti [PAR] Crisp, airy macaroon biscuits that are made with bitter-almond paste or apricot-kernel paste. [PAR] Anaheim Chillies [PAR] Mild, long green chillies named after the area near Los Angeles where they were once grown. Available canned (whole or chopped) or fresh. Mexican cooks also like to dice or pur\u00e9e them, and then add them to sauces, soups, and casseroles. [PAR] Ancho Chillies [PAR] Dried poblano peppers that are very commonly used in Mexican cuisine. They're"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Comedy \u00ab The Bioscope Comedy \u00ab The Bioscope [PAR] July 5, 2012 By urbanora in Comedy , Modern silents , Obituaries , Television and radio Tags: Silent films 2 Comments [PAR] Poster for The Plank (1967 version), from bbc.co.uk [PAR] So farewell then to Eric Sykes , one of Britain\u2019s best loved funny men. He was a natural comic performer, generally playing someone confident that he knew what he was doing while demonstrating time and again that he had no reason to be so, best exemplified by the long-running TV sitcom Sykes. He was also one of the most talented comic writers of his time, writing for Educating Archie, Tony Hancock, The Goons, Frankie Howerd and his own shows. [PAR] Like many of his generation of comedians, he had an immense affection and respect for the great silent comedians. Some, such as Bob Monkhouse and Michel Bentine, presented compilations of silent comedies on television to bring them to new audiences. Others, such as Ronnie Barker (with A Home of Your Own, Futtock\u2019s End, The Picnic, By the Sea), Benny Hill (The Waiters, Eddie in August), and in recent years Paul Merton, David Schneider (Uncle Max) and Rowan Atkinson (Mr Bean) have continued the tradition, with varying degrees of homage to the past \u2013 and with varying success. [PAR] Eric Sykes made a number of silent, or near-silent slapstick comedies, of which the most famous and still fondly loved is The Plank, of which three versions were made. It started out as a wordless, black-and-white episode of his BBC TV series Sykes and a \u2026, the episode being Sykes and a Plank (tx. 3 March 1964), in which the two protganists were Sykes and regular co-star Hattie Jacques. In 1967 Sykes remade it as a 54-minute colour cinema release, co-starring himself and Tommy Cooper. This was then re-released in 1974 cut to 45 minutes, before a third version (30mins) was made for Thames Television in 1979, with Arthur Lowe replacing Cooper. It is the 1967 film that is the most familiar. [PAR] Sykes (who lived in a silent world himself \u2013 he was almost completely deaf) made other silent shorts for cinema and television: Rhubarb (1969, remade as Rhubarb, Rhubarb in 1980) in which the characters utter just the one word (guess what it is), It\u2019s Your Move (1969, remade in 1982), Mr H is Late (1988) and The Big Freeze (1993) among them. But it is The Plank that has retained a classic status of a kind. The story is simple \u2013 two builders purchase a floorboard for the house they are working on, and encounter all manner of hazards trying to transport it across town. Judged by the standards of the comedy greats of the 1920s, it is average stuff, but Sykes and Cooper have the right deadpan delivery in the face of absurdity, and in its scenario of an inanimate object geting the better of two men it merits some comparison with Laurel and Hardy\u2019s travails with a piano in The Music Box. The simple plank (much like the large plane of glass) is a silent comedy staple in any case. The twist is that here the plank gets star billing (literally so in the 1967 film\u2019s opening credits). [PAR] The Plank and its creator show a continuity of laughter down the years. Slapstick itself no longer has the popular appeal that it once enjoyed, but Chaplin, Keaton, Lloyd et al (themselves inspired by an earlier generation of theatre comics) inspired the next generation of comedians such as Eric Sykes who flourished on radio and television,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gwyneth Paltrow's Daughter, Apple, Looks Just Like Her ... Gwyneth Paltrow's Daughter, Apple, Looks Just Like Her Mama?See the Pic! | E! News [PAR] Scott Roth/WireImage [PAR] Apple Martin is one lucky little girl. [PAR] Not only is the adorable 9-year-old the daughter of Gwyneth Paltrow and Coldplay frontman Chris Martin , but she's also growing up to be the spitting image of her stunning mother, who just happens to be the World's Most Beautiful Woman . [PAR] While Paltrow typically keeps her two children out of the spotlight, the 40-year-old blond beauty brought her mini-me along to the 9th Annual Authors Night at the East Hampton Library, where the Goop goddess signed copies of her latest cookbook, It's All Good: Delicious, Easy Recipes That Will Make You Look Good and Feel Great. [PAR] PHOTOS: Gwyneth's famous friends [PAR] Paltrow's 7-year-old son, Moses, was also in tow for her appearance as well as hubby Chris Martin. [PAR] Gwyneth looked gorgeous in a short white dress, showing off her enviable gams and her summer glow as she held on to her daughter's hand. She wore minimal makeup and pulled her hair back in a ponytail, pairing the fitted mini dress with flat yellow sandals. [PAR] Her daughter looked just like her beautiful mama, sharing the same bright blond hair, blue eyes and dewy skin. She kept close to her parent and appeared well-behaved as ever, while flaunting her own fashion sense in bright purple Ugg boots and a striped T-shirt. [PAR] The Iron Man star and her family are currently rumored to be moving to Los Angeles after over a decade of living across the pond in London. [PAR] Which means we could soon be seeing more shots of the stunning star and her sweet children. [PAR] Fingers crossed! [PAR] Brazil [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our US edition? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our Canadian edition? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our UK edition? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our Australian edition? [PAR] E! ist \u00fcberall [PAR] Dieser Inhalt ist f\u00fcr internationale Besucher verf\u00fcgbar. M\u00f6chtest du ihn in der deutschen Version anschauen? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our German edition? [PAR] E! est partout [PAR] Une version adapt\u00e9e de ce contenu est disponible pour notre public international. Souhaitez-vous voir \u00e7a dans notre \u00e9dition fran\u00e7aise ? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our French edition? [PAR] Yes![DOC] [TLE] Gwyneth Paltrow - Biography - IMDb Gwyneth Paltrow - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Gwyneth Paltrow [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 128 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (83) | Personal Quotes (31) | Salary (4) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\" (1.75 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] A tall, wafer thin, delicate beauty, Gwyneth Kate Paltrow was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of noted producer and director Bruce Paltrow and Tony award-winning actress Blythe Danner . Her father was from a Jewish family, while her mother has German, and some English"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fruits Of The Gourd Family - WAYNE'S WORD Gourd Family (Cucurbitaceae) [PAR] Assorted Melons & Squash [PAR] Assorted melons & squash: A. Pumpkin, B. Watermelon, C. Crenshaw Melon, D. Cantaloupe, E. Honeydew Melon, F. Spaghetti Squash. The squash and pumpkin are varieties of Cucurbita pepo, while the melons & canteloupe are varieties of Cucumis melo. The watermelon is a variety of Citrullus lanatus (var. lanatus). [PAR] Volunteer Spaghetti Squash at Wayne's Word [PAR] Cucumis: Cucumbers, Teasel Gourd & Horned Cucumber [PAR] Ripe pickle cucumbers (Cucumis sativus). Pickles are made from cucumber varieties such as the \"gherkin\" which have smaller fruits, a thin flesh and numerous seeds. The fruits are soaked in a brine soltion. Depending on the type of pickles, a boiling water-vinegar solution (containing other spices) is poured over the pickles. [Lactic acid fermentation by bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum) is also responsible for the acidity and flavor of some pickles as well as sauerkraut.] In dill pickles, the spice dill (Anethum graveolens, Apiaceae) is also added to give them a special flavor. Sugar is added to the boiling water-vinegar solution in sweet pickles. [PAR] Teasel cucumber or teasel gourd (Cucumis dipsaceus), another curious species of Cucumis with yellowish fruits covered with a dense layer of soft spines. The common name is derived from its superficial resemblance to the spiny fruit bur of the teasel plant (Dipsacus sativus), a member of the teasel family (Dipsacaceae) shown in next photo. The teasel gourd is native to northeastern tropical Africa and is cultivated throught the world as an ornamental. It is naturalized in the Hawaiian islands and in the Cape region of Baja California. The spiny African horned cucumber or hedgehog gourd (C. metuliferus) is another species of Cucumis grown as an ornamental and as food. The numerous varieties of delicious melons also belong to the genus Cucumis. Most melons are considered to be varieties of Cucumis melo. [PAR] Teasel burs (Dipsacus sativus). In real life they do not hatch from eggs. This plant does not belong to the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and is not related to the teasel cucumber. [PAR] The spiny African horned cucumber or hedgehog gourd (Cucumis metuliferus) is also grown as a decorative ornamental gourd and as food. The exocarp is covered with distinctive spiny protuberances. It is often sold in supermarkets in the United States. It supposedly has a banana-lime flavor and is used in fruit salads, sundaes and drinks.[DOC] [TLE] Cantaloupe (melon) nutrition facts and health benefits Cantaloupe (melon) nutrition facts and health benefits [PAR] Custom Search [PAR] Cantaloupe nutrition facts [PAR] Wonderfully delicious and unique musky-flavored cantaloupe or \u201cmuskmelon\u201d is a member in the large Cucurbitaceae family. Some of the popular fruits and vegetables in the cucurbita family include squash , pumpkin , cucumber , gourd ,...etc., and like its relatives, melons grow on the ground surface as a trailing vine. [PAR] Muskmelons thought to have originated either from India or ancient Persia or Africa. They grow best on well-draining sandy soil with good irrigation facility, and require honeybees for effective pollination. Melons, just as mangoes , watermelon ...etc., are actually summer season fruits. Their season runs from April through August, when they are at their best. [PAR] Net melon-Cucumis melo reticulatus, American variety. [PAR] Muskmelons- Oriental variety. [PAR] Several varieties of cantaloupes grown all over the planet; however, two common varieties that named after their place of origin have become popular in the western world. The European cantaloupe (Cucumis melo cantalupensis) derives its name from the Italian papal village of \"Cantalup\" and features lightly-ribbed, pale green skin that looks quite different from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Club history - AFC Bournemouth latest news, photos and videos AFC Bournemouth history [PAR] AFC Bournemouth history [PAR] Posted: Thu 24 May 2012 [PAR] Author: afcb.co.uk [PAR] Image by: [PAR] The Early Years [PAR] The present football club can trace its roots as far back as 1890 when Boscombe St. Johns Institute Football Club were playing in local football. They disbanded in 1899 and from the remains of that club, Boscombe FC were formed at a meeting under the streetlights in Gladstone Road, Boscombe. [PAR] The Club competed in the Bournemouth and District Junior League playing at a ground in Castlemain Avenue, Pokesdown. They moved to Kings Park, adjacent to the current stadium in 1902 and were soon emerging as the top team in the town. [PAR] After enjoying many local successes, they joined the Hampshire League and were attracting large crowds. In 1910, Mr. J.E. Cooper-Dean granted the club on a long lease some wasteland next to Kings Park. [PAR] With their own ground, named Dean Court after the benefactor, the club continued to thrive and dominated the local football scene. [PAR] It was around this time that the club gained the nickname, 'The Cherries'. There are two main stories on to why the club would be called such a name. Firstly the Cherry Red striped shirts the side wore and secondly, Dean Court was built next to the Cooper-Dean estate which included many Cherry Orchards. [PAR] The club signed their first professional player in 1910, B.Penton, who signed from Southampton for a \u00a310 fee. The club then moved in to the South Eastern League but this proved to be a big leap and the side finished bottom of the table. [PAR] With the outbreak of war in 1914, the progress of the club was halted and they returned to the Hampshire league in 1919. The club was ambitious and when the Third Division was formed in 1920, they moved up to the highly competitive Southern League as many clubs in that league went on to form the Third Division. [PAR] After three years in the Southern League, the club applied for membership of the Football League. The application was accepted and Boscombe would be playing in the Third Division (South) in the 1923-24 season. [PAR] Bournemouth and Boscombe [PAR] At the public house where the side used to change before matches, The Portman Hotel, a meeting decided that the club would change its name to 'Bournemouth and Boscombe Athletic Football Club'. The first ever league match was at Swindon on 25 August 1923 at Swindon where Bournemouth lost 3-1. The first ever league game at Dean Court was also against Swindon and it was against these opponents that Bournemouth gained their first ever league point in a 0-0 draw. [PAR] Bournemouth struggled initially in the Football League, but firmly established themselves as a Third Division side and they still hold the record for the longest continuous membership of the Division. [PAR] As a league club, they had to wait until after the war for their first trophy. That came when Walsall were beaten at Stamford Bridge in the Third Division (South) Cup. [PAR] The Cup Run of 1956-57 [PAR] The Cherries finally hit the headlines in the 1956-57 season after a fabulous run in the FA Cup despite being handed some of the hardest draws imaginable. After beating Burton Albion, Swindon and Accrington Stanley, they were drawn away to Wolves, then third in the top flight. An amazing 1-0 win saw Bournemouth earn a home tie against Spurs, then the second side in the First Division."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 of the World's Largest Vegetables and Fruits - Oddee 10 of the World's Largest Vegetables and Fruits (biggest pumpkin, biggest watermelon) - ODDEE [PAR] 10 of the World's Largest Vegetables and Fruits [PAR] 4/24/2009 [PAR] World's Biggest Sweet Potato [PAR] (24.9 Lbs or 11.2 Kg) [PAR] Lebanese farmer Khalil Semhat, from the southern city of Tyre, couldn't believe his peeled eyes when he discovered he had grown a massive potato weighing 11.3 kilos (24.9 pounds), setting a record for the world's largest potato . [PAR] 2 [PAR] Worlds Largest Marrow [PAR] (113 Lbs or 65 Kg) [PAR] Grown by Ken Dade in Norfolk, the 65kg (113lbs) vegetable needed two men to carry it to a stand at the National Amateur Gardening Show in Somerset. The voluptuous vegetable has entered the Guinness World Records book, beating the previous world title holder by 3kg. [PAR] 3 [PAR] World\u2019s Heaviest Jackfruit [PAR] (76 Lbs or 34.4 Kg) [PAR] The sweet tasting fruit weighed 34.6kg (76lb 4.4oz), measured 57.46 cm (22.625in) long and had a circumference of 121.28 cm on 8 August 2003. It was grown by George and Margaret Schattauer of Captai Cook, Hawaii, USA. Native to Western India, the fruit spread throughout South East Asia and first came to Hawaii in 1888. [PAR] 4 [PAR] World's Largest Watermelon [PAR] (268.8 Lbs or 122 Kg) [PAR] Weighting 268.8 pounds, this watermelon made the cut as the world's largest watermelon . Grown at the Hope Farm Store by Lloyd Bright, his family has a long history with watermelons: they set world records in melon size in 1979 with a 200 pound melon and again in 1985 with one that weighed 260 pounds. [PAR] 6 [PAR] World's Heaviest Carrot [PAR] (18.9 Lbs or 8.5 Kg) [PAR] Presented by John Evans in 1998, this 18.985 pound (8.61 kg) carrot is the heaviest ever. [PAR] 7 [PAR] World\u2019s Largest Pumpkin [PAR] (1689 Lbs or 766 Kg) [PAR] Grown in Rhode Island, the world\u2019s biggest pumpkin was shown at the Topsfield Fair of Massachusetts in 2007, weighing 1689 lbs. [PAR] 8 [PAR] World\u2019s Longest Cucumber [PAR] (36.1 in or 0.9 mts) [PAR] The 36.1in cucumber was grown by Alf Cobb who beat his own record of 35.1in at the National Amateur Gardening Show, from the Bath and West Showground in south-west England. [PAR] 9 [PAR] World's Largest Cauliflower [PAR] (31.25 Lbs or 14.1 Kg) [PAR] Also grown by Evans, this Cauliflower weighted 31.25 lb, making it Alaska's largest one in 1997. [PAR] 10 [PAR] World's Heaviest Broccoli [PAR] (35 Lbs or 15.8 Kg) [PAR] In what was John Evans' first World record in 1993, this Broccoli weighted over 35 lb, making it a world record. [PAR] From the Web[DOC] [TLE] Is Jackfruit the largest tree-borne fruit known on our ... Syed Abbas Jafar \u00b7 National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research [PAR] Arvind and Chennakesavulu: [PAR] Thank you so much for providing exhaustive and precise details about some of the largest Pumpkins and Watermelons on Earth. Sorry, actually there is some mistake in the question asked and some misunderstanding has crept in. The question should have been : Is Jackfruit the largest tree-borne fruit known on our planet? [PAR] As long as the fruits lie on the ground and allowed to grow under Gravity, extremely giant sizes are possible. But when the Fruits of Jackfruit grow (including lying on ground) and hang on stalk of the main trunk or branches of the tree - full gravitational force is concentrated on the stalk. As the fruit grows its surface area grows by factor of square whereas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Take That's Jason Orange quits; bandmates say it's a huge ... Take That's Jason Orange quits; bandmates say it's a huge loss [PAR] 25/09/14 [PAR] Jason Orange has announced he has left Take That and will not be recording a new album with the band. [PAR] He said there had been \"no fallings out\" and he had \"spent some of the best years\" of his life with them. [PAR] The 44-year-old has issued a statement to say he did not want to \"commit\" to making and promoting a new album. [PAR] His bandmates, Gary Barlow, Howard Donald and Mark Owen, said his departure was \"a huge loss\". [PAR] Image caption The band were rejoined by Robbie Williams in 2010. [PAR] The band formed in 1990, split up in 1996 but four of the five members re-formed for a successful comeback in 2005. [PAR] In a statement Orange said: \"I want to start by saying how proud I am of what we have achieved together over the years. [PAR] \"I have spent some of the best years of my life with Take That and I'd like to thank everyone who has been a part of my journey, including my band mates, who I feel are like brothers to me. [PAR] \"Most especially my gratitude goes to all of the good and kind, beautiful and ever-loyal fans of the band, without whom none of this could have been possible. Thank-you.\" [PAR] Orange said he was \"proud\" of what the band had achieved since forming in 1990, including a hugely successful comeback in 2005. [PAR] Image caption Take That performed at the 2012 Olympics closing ceremony. [PAR] \"At the end of The Progress Tour I began to question whether it might be the right time for me to not continue on with Take That,\" he said. [PAR] \"At the start of this year and with my full knowledge and blessing the guys began writing new material. [PAR] \"There have been no fallings out, only a decision on my part that I no longer wish to do this. [PAR] \"I know how much Mark, Gary and Howard enjoy writing and making music, and they know that they have my full support and encouragement to continue on with what is to be another chapter for the band.\" [PAR] Image caption Founding member Robbie Williams, left the band in 1995 but rejoined for an album in 2010 [PAR] A joint statement from the remaining bandmates said: \"We first became aware of Jason's reservations a couple of years ago but had hoped that by giving him the desired time and space he may begin to feel differently. [PAR] \"This has not been the case and we now have to accept and fully respect his decision which we know hasn't been an easy one.\" [PAR] After the band got back together in 2005, they were were briefly rejoined by fifth founder member Robbie Williams for the 2010 album Progress. [PAR] The singer famously left the band in 1995 after many disagreements with the management and group members. [PAR] Williams went on to launch a hugely successful solo career, which saw his first seven albums each reach number one in the UK. [PAR] Image caption Jason Orange, along with Robbie Williams, were the only members not to face accusations of tax avoidance [PAR] Jason Orange and Robbie Williams were the only members of Take That not to face accusations of tax avoidance after Barlow, Donald, Owen and their manager Jonathan Wild reportedly invested \u00a366m into two partnerships styled as music industry investment schemes. [PAR] Barlow finally broke"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Yamaha Logotype - About Us - Yamaha Corporation History of Yamaha Logotype - About Us - Yamaha Corporation [PAR] Brand and History [PAR] History of Yamaha Logotype [PAR] In 1898, one year after the establishment of Nippon Gakki Co., Ltd., forerunner of today's Yamaha Corporation, the Company decided to use a tuning fork as the corporate mark, and a design featuring a \u201cChinese phoenix holding a tuning fork in its mouth\u201d as the trademark. After undergoing a variety of changes paralleling the growth of the Company, the tuning fork mark and the Yamaha logo was finally standardized in 1966. [PAR] About the Tuning Fork Mark [PAR] A tuning fork is a tool for tuning musical instruments. It was invented by a trumpet player named John Shore (1662-1751). The tuning fork is composed of a handle attached to the center of a U-shaped steel rod. By striking the rod, sound is created, and the frequency of the resulting vibrations per second is used as a standard for tuning a musical instrument. The three tuning forks of the Yamaha logo mark represent the cooperative relationship that links the three pillars of our business -- technology, production, and sales. They also evoke the robust vitality that has forged our reputation for sound and music the world over, a territory signified by the enclosing circle. The mark also symbolizes the three essential musical elements: melody, harmony, and rhythm. [PAR] Changes in the Tuning Fork Mark [PAR] 1898 [PAR] This is the design with a \"Ho-oh\" (Chinese phoenix) holding a tuning fork in its mouth, which was established as the trademark in 1898, one year after Nippon Gakki Co., Ltd. was established. [PAR] The mark was known for being used on top quality organs, which illustrates how the Founder always aimed to create world-class products. [PAR] 1916"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best 5 Motorcycle Companies In The World | Made Man Best 5 Motorcycle Companies In The World | Made Man [PAR] Best 5 Motorcycle Companies In The World [PAR] Facebook Twitter Stumble Google+ Save [PAR] The 5 best motorcycle companies in the world exist to feed your need for speed and your need to be a counterculture rebel! These companies are all long-storied and highly regarded brands that have been at their craft for decades. They understand your desire to simply hit the open road and let the wind hit your face as you barrel down the road on your motorcycle. [PAR] Harley-Davidson. Quintessentially American and the most famous American motorcycle brand, Harley-Davidson makes it to number one easily on account of its iconic status as well as it being an integral part of Americana. One of only two American motorcycle brands to survive the great depression, Harley-Davidson was founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, back in 1903. Today, Harley-Davidson has created a highly loyal community of fans of their brand. [PAR] Yamaha. One of oldest motorcycle companies on Earth, Yamaha was started way back in 1887 by Torakusu Yamaha. While it makes all sorts of things from musical instruments to electronic equipment, motorcycles are arguably one of its most popular products. For instance, its new 2010 motorcycle models are aimed at attracting newbie riders to start riding bikes for the first time. [PAR] Ducati. Founded all the way back in 1926 by Bruno Ducati, Ducati today has matured into one of the world's most prominent makers of motorcycles. The Ducati brand is ubiquitous in many things related to motorcycles, whether it is motorcycle racing or simply the reputation of its cycles, which marry performance with style, a good reason to give it the three spot. Its bikes are best known for their L-motor innovation, which is the main engine type in their staple of motorcycles. [PAR] Honda. Relatively new to the business of manufacturing motorcycles, Honda only started in 1982, but since then have made an impact that has been widely felt in the industry. Their approach to their motorcycles is very scientific with the development of new bikes and motorcycle engines stemming primarily from their research division, which is always looking to create the latest and greatest, technological advancement to help Honda win motorcycling races. This single-minded focus is what earns them the four spot. [PAR] Kawasaki. Kawasaki has been around for a long time, going back to all the way to 1896. It features the slogan \"Let the good times roll,\" and it features one of the world's most popular line of motorbikes, its Ninja line that combines cutting edge with sharp aesthetics. Because of all its efforts, it has raised itself to today being one of the world's largest makers of motorcycles. [PAR] show comments [PAR] Wondering why that first date didn\u2019t lead to a second? Read on. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] Early Indian Motorcycles: Leaders of the Racing Pack ... Early Indian Motorcycles: Leaders of the Racing Pack | WorthPoint [PAR] \u00d7Close [PAR] Sign In [PAR] Your WorthPoint Account is Suspended: Please update your billing information in Account Settings to reactivate your account! [PAR] Early Indian Motorcycles: Leaders of the Racing Pack [PAR] Posted by: [PAR] No Comments [PAR] An example of an early Indian motorcycle. With a pedigree as a fine racing machine, Indian sales skyrocketed in the first two decades of the 20th century. [PAR] Oscar Hedstrom was probably the first American to literally incorporate an internal combustion engine with a bicycle. Oscar, a former bicycle racer, was a capable engineer. In 1899"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is my Triumph made? - Triumph Forum: Triumph Rat ... Location: Estes Park, Colorado [PAR] Posts: 902 [PAR] I read the 11th character designation from many sources and believe it also from someone that posted here a while back that use to work for a Triumph dealership and he quoted the following and I haven't seen anything better and if is really important to someone they can ask their dealer: [PAR] Quote: FWIW the source I'm using is the Triumph NA document called \"Triumph Motorcycle VIN Definition Summary\". It came from Triumph. I used to work at a dealer, and Triumph faxed us the document. It CLEARLY states that the 11th VIN position is used to designate the Assembly Plant. J = Jacknell Road, Hinkley, England. T = Chonburi, Thailand. There is no indication on this document that indicates that the 11th VIN postition indicates the \"market the bike is destined for\". [PAR] This is what the fields mean: [PAR] POS 1 - 3 Manufacturer [PAR] Posts: 104 [PAR] Fake or real [PAR] A hugely interesting and entertaining thread to read. For me whether it is real or fake, evolution or new, copy or rebadge or anything I just plain love riding my 07 Bonnie. [PAR] I know it isn't the same as the original but many many people here in New Zealand do not. I've lost count of the number of times I've had the comment \"I used to ride one of those\". I know most of it is nostalgia and rose tinted glasses and boy are many of those people surprised when I tell them its age. Having said that the new \"Bonnie\" doesn't fool anyone who knows motorcycles. [PAR] Regardless I plan to keep enjoying it and having fun. I sold a Speed Triple to get the Bonnie and don't regret it for one minute. If I get caught going over 87 mph (140km/hr) here it's instant loss of licence - I can't afford that. So I enjoy a bike that gives me the sensation, the enjoyment and the look that I want. [PAR] Long live the new Bonnie and all who ride it. [PAR] Carpe Diem [PAR] Location: nowhere [PAR] Posts: 5,543 [PAR] O.K., here is the storyline update thus far \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I telephoned Triumph Motorcycles Ltd., in Hinckley at 4:30 am my time, 10:30 AM in the U.K. , Tuesday, 22 April, 2008 [PAR] The following are my notes from that conversation: [PAR] I spoke briefly with the woman who answers the Office phone, who was extremely nice and pleasant. I told her what I was looking for -: [PAR] Who may I speak to that can explain\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] 1.) Are any Triumph motorcycles fully assembled - \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMade\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in Thailand? [PAR] 2.) What to the letters in the 11th position on the VIN denote? [PAR] She WAS very quick to say \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdOH, absolutely not, all of our motorbikes are made here!\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, but the more I explained, I believe the more I confused her. She said they make \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdparts\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in Thailand and the final assembly is in the U.K. [PAR] She kindly switched me over to the Manager of Customer Service / Warranty Service. [PAR] Very nice guy, sincerely polite and open minded. For now, I will leave his name out of this, as I wouldn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt want to cause any trouble for him. If he agrees, later I will mention him by name. We spoke for one hour and ten minutes total. He is going to get back to me via email, and I will hold him to it as I have his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade ... 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? [PAR] 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? [PAR] 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? [PAR] 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? [PAR] 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? [PAR] 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? [PAR] 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? [PAR] 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? [PAR] 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? [PAR] 10. From what ancient activity does the word \u2018crestfallen\u2019 come? [PAR] 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? [PAR] 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? [PAR] 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? [PAR] 14. What did Britain\u2019s roads first acquire in 1914? [PAR] 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? [PAR] 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? [PAR] 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children\u2019s TV programme How? [PAR] 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? [PAR] 19. Who were Tom and Barbara\u2019s neighbours in The Good Life? [PAR] 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your \u2018Daisy Roots\u2019? [PAR] 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? [PAR] 22. Which actor played Columbo? [PAR] 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? [PAR] 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? [PAR] 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? [PAR] 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? [PAR] 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? [PAR] 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? [PAR] 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? [PAR] 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? [PAR] ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I\u2019m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] VINCENT MOTORCYCLE T-SHIRT - VINTAGE MOTOR SHIRTS VINCENT MOTORCYCLE T-SHIRT - VINTAGE MOTOR SHIRTS [PAR] VINCENT MOTORCYCLE T-SHIRT [PAR] VINCENT MOTORCYCLE T-SHIRT [PAR] $20.00 [PAR] The Vincent Motorcycle T-shirt is one of our most popular designs \u2013 featuring the legendary Vincent Black Shadow. [PAR] color [PAR] Clear [PAR] Add to cart [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Vincent Motorcycle T-Shirt \u2014 featuring The Vincent Black Shadow [PAR] The Vincent Motorcycle T-shirt is one of our most popular designs at Vintage Motor Shirts . The Vincent Black Shadow is a classic vintage motorbike that was hand-built in the United Kingdom back in 1940s and 1950s. Known for its legendary performance and style, this innovative motorcycle broke many speed records during its day. Its legend grew to cult status when Hunter S. Thompson wrote about the bike is his classic book, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. These shirts feature a clean, classic image of the Vincent Black Shadow, and are printed on high-quality shirts. Available in black, white, dark blue or gray, and in Large and Extra Large sizes. We also have some other sizes, like 2X-Large and women\u2019s Mediums, but please contact us for your specific size. If we don\u2019t have your size in stock, we will schedule a print run, and email you once they\u2019re ready. Once you wear one of our custom shirts, you\u2019ll never want to take it off. Ride off in the sunset with your Vincent Black Shadow motorcycle shirt. [PAR] ORDER YOUR T-SHIRT TODAY! [PAR] 9 x 12 x 1 in [PAR] color [PAR] Medium, Large, Extra Large, 2X Large [PAR] Related Products [PAR] \"Thank you. The shirt is awesome!!!\" [PAR] \"You're wonderful! Love my shirt!! Thank you!\" [PAR] \"Just letting you know the shirts arrived today. Thanks heaps, they are awesome! My family of Vincents love them!\" [PAR] Tina, New Zealand [PAR] \"Received just today!! Just now! You're a legend ... Love the shirt, been searching for years to find one this good. Thanks so much.\" Celina [PAR] \"Great product, fast shipping, great deal!\" [PAR] \"Great design and a wonderful gift for Father's Day!!\" [PAR] \"A very, very nice T-shirt!!! THANKS SO MUCH!\" [PAR] \"Sweet.\" [PAR] \"Hi, my name is Stephane, and I absolutely adore your James Joyce ringside fight t-shirt.\" [PAR] \"Thank you! Much appreciated. It'll make for a perfect Valentine's/Anniversary gift! [PAR] HUNTER S. THOMPSON [PAR] \"What if I told you I had a Vincent Black Shadow?\" He stared up at me, saying nothing, not friendly. I noticed he was wearing a .38 revolver on his belt. \"Forget it,\" I said. \"My driver's sick anyway.\" [PAR] THOMAS PYNCHON [PAR] Of course it didn't happen. [PAR] NIKKATSU ACTION [PAR] \u201cWhy make a movie about something one understands completely? I make movies about things I do not understand, but wish to.\u201d \u2014Seijun Suzuki, director of Branded to Kill, 1967, Nikkatsu [PAR] WEAR TO RIDE [PAR] \"Thank you. The shirt is awesome!!!\" [PAR] \"You're wonderful! Love my shirt!! Thank you!\" [PAR] \"Just letting you know the shirts arrived today. Thanks heaps, they are awesome! My family of Vincents love them!\" [PAR] Tina, New Zealand [PAR] \"Received just today!! Just now! You're a legend ... Love the shirt, been searching for years to find one this good. Thanks so much.\" Celina [PAR] \"Great product, fast shipping, great deal!\" [PAR] \"Great design and a wonderful gift for Father's Day!!\" [PAR] \"A very, very nice T-shirt!!! THANKS SO MUCH!\" [PAR] \"Sweet.\" [PAR] \"Hi, my name is Stephane, and I absolutely adore your James Joyce ringside fight t-shirt.\" [PAR] \"Thank you! Much appreciated. It'll make for a perfect Valentine's/Anniversary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20 most popular car logos & their history - Rediff.com ... 20 most popular car logos & their history - Rediff.com Business [PAR] Rediff.com \u00bb Business \u00bb 20 most popular car logos & their history [PAR] 20 most popular car logos & their history [PAR] Last updated on: September 21, 2011 11:22 IST [PAR] 20 most popular car logos & their history [PAR] Every car has a logo. The logo embodies each manufacturer's mission statement or heritage. [PAR] Some logos have a pretty lame history while others have intriguing stories behind their creation. [PAR] Read on to know about different logos and the story behind each one . . . [PAR] 1. Alfa Romeo [PAR] Founded: 1910 [PAR] Headquarters: Turin, Italy [PAR] The red cross celebrates the deeds of Giovanni Da Rio who is reputed to have been the first to climb the walls of Jerusalem and erect a cross there during the first crusade. [PAR] The other half of the symbol is occupied by a man-eating serpent that reportedly terrified the local populous of Milan in the early part of the 5th century AD. [PAR] Click NEXT to read further. . . [PAR] Image: Alfa Romeo logos over the years. [PAR] Founded: 1910 [PAR] Headquarters: Ingolstadt, Germany [PAR] The Audi badge the 'Four Rings' is the emblem of one of the oldest car manufacturers in Germany. [PAR] It symbolises the 1932 merger of the four independent motor-vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. [PAR] Together with the NSU brand, which joined in 1969, these companies are the roots of the present-day AUDI AG. [PAR] After the World War II, the Audi name -- which is Latin for 'Hear!' -- disappeared, but was revived in 1965, using the four rings as a logo. [PAR] Also, the name is sort of a pun on 'hoerch', German for 'hear', name of one of the founders. [PAR] The company itself is more than a century old. [PAR] The new logo, released in September 2009 changes the font and also improves on the 3-dimensional aspect of the rings. [PAR] Click NEXT to read further. . . [PAR] Image: Audi logo. [PAR] BMW stands for Bayerische Motoren Werke or Bavarian Motor Company. [PAR] The company was established in 1913 and based in Munich, Germany. [PAR] It started out as an aero engine manufacturer, hence the company logo. [PAR] The logo comprised four quadrants of alternating white and blue colour. [PAR] It is a stylised representation of an airplane propeller spinning against the clear blue sky. The logo represents a white propeller blade against a blue sky. [PAR] It reflects the origins of BMW as a maker of military aircraft engines during World War I. [PAR] Also, white and blue are the traditional colors of Bavaria. [PAR] Click NEXT to read further. . . [PAR] Image: BMW logo. [PAR] Headquarters: Detroit, Michigan [PAR] Chevrolet first used its Bowtie emblem logo in 1913. [PAR] On November 3, 1911 a race car driver and automotive engineer Louis Chevrolet co-founded the Chevrolet Motor Car Company with William C Durant (ousted founder of General Motors) and investment partners William Little (maker of the Little automobile) and Dr Edwin R Campbell (son-in-law of Durant). [PAR] The logo is said to have been designed from wallpaper Durant once saw in a French hotel. [PAR] More recent research by historian Ken Kaufmann presents a compelling case that the logo is based upon a logo for coalettes. [PAR] Others claim that the design was a stylised Swiss cross, in honour of the homeland of Chevrolet's parents. [PAR] Click NEXT to read further."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Speedway About Speedway [PAR] Use a four stroke, single cylinder engine and be a maximum capacity of 500cc [PAR] Weigh no less than 77kgs (no fuel) [PAR] Use pure methanol as fuel [PAR] Be fitted with an approved silencer [PAR] Be fitted with a dirt deflector [PAR] Have guards fitted over moving engine parts (where possible) [PAR] Use a chain guard for where the chain meets the sprocket by a chain [PAR] Have a peg fitted (Dutch peg) to prevent a broken primary chain causing injury [PAR] [PAR] Starting the engine is accomplished by pushing the motorcycle \u2013 jump start or rotating the rear wheel. Starting the bike is made easier by \"tightening\" the engine before pushing the bike. This is accomplished by gently pushing the bike backwards until resistance is felt in the engine. [PAR] Also all bikes must have a safety cut out device fitted for use in emergency , this is explained by means of \u201cit must cut off the circuit of electrical supply by the action of pulling a lanyard which must be attached to the riders right hand wrist\u201d. [PAR] The bikes have no tick over therefore If the throttle is closed engines will stop due the high compression ratio. When riding the track if a rider needs to take avoiding action due to another rider falling in their racing line a rider can deliberately \u201clay the bike down\u201d to stop the bike and cause no further accidents or injury to a fallen rider. [PAR] [PAR] Tracks [PAR] Racing takes place on a oval track which consists of two straights joined by two semicircles. Track measurements are taken from 1 metre from the inside kerb. Some tracks have banking on the bends which remain constant and grow away from the inner edge to the outer safety fence. A white line marked across the track usually mid-way along one of the straights which is divided into four equal parts these are known as \u201cgates\u201d. There are also lights for a warning system at the starting gates so riders are able to see the green start light and the red stop lights. The starting gate is a simple spring loaded mechanism that raises two/three strands of tapes on an electric start which starts the race. [PAR] All tracks have a pit area for the riders, bikes and mechanics, this is where riders prepare for racing and make necessary changes to their machinery. [PAR] The surface of the track consists of layers of grading, the uppermost consists of shale, loose materials which must be no bigger than 7mm in size. Riders use this surface to slide the bikes into the bends which is where the rear wheel is used to scrub off some of the speed but allows the rider to power the bike around the apex and out of the bend. The skill of speedway riding is determined by the ability of the rider to control the bike when cornering and not losing speed through deceleration. Tracks are continually graded by use of tractors with raking equipment in between a numbers of rides, which allows the dirt to be re-distributed evenly and then watered to prevent the surface drying out and becoming too dusty which makes track conditions unsafe. [PAR] All tracks have safety fences as required by the safety rules which vary from wooden fence to suspended wire fences and air fences. It is a mandatory condition for all British Elite League tracks (the top division of the three currently operating in the UK) to use air fences, as the fence is designed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fairytale of New York by The Pogues Songfacts Fairytale of New York by The Pogues Songfacts [PAR] Fairytale of New York by The Pogues Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] This song is about Irish people who emigrated to America in the 19th century to escape the potato famine and in hope of making it as entertainers in New York. Many didn't, however, and ended up homeless. It is also said to come from a desire to move away from tacky Christmas songs and to highlight the fact that a lot of people have a terrible time at Christmas. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Adam - Dewsbury, England [PAR] After their second album Rum, Sodomy & The Lash, The Pogues wanted to release a Christmas single. Instead of a cover song, lead singer Shane MacGowan and banjo player Jem Finer decided to write one themselves. The first attempts to record this were as a duet with MacGowan and Pogues bass player Cait O'Riordan. They didn't have the song ready for a Christmas single, so they recorded it for their third album, If I Should Fall From Grace With God, which was produced by Steve Lillywhite. Lillywhite took tapes home and had his wife, Kirsty MacColl record a scratch vocal, but her voice was so good that they decided to keep it. [PAR] At first, this song had lyrics about a sailor and a distant ocean, but Finer's wife suggested he change it to be about a couple at Christmas who are hard on their luck. Finer wrote another song and took both to MacGowan, who combined the melody of the first with the story line of the second. [PAR] In 2004 VH1 poll, this was voted the UK's favorite Christmas song of all time. [PAR] Shane MacGowan was born on Christmas Day. [PAR] The title was taken from a book called A Fairytale of New York, by James Patrick (JP) Donleavy. [PAR] The policeman pushing Pogue Shane MacGowan through the station at the beginning of the video is the actor Matt Dillon. [PAR] This was used to open the 1996 film Basquiat, about a graffiti artist who becomes popular in the art community. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Jeff - Kendall Park, NJ, for above 3 [PAR] On December 18, 2000, Kirsty MacColl died in a boating accident. This single has been re-released several times for the UK Christmas market. In 2005 it was re-issued to publicize a new campaign for an investigation into the death of McColl. [PAR] After charting at #3 in the UK in 2005 after it was re-issued in the holiday season, and in 2006 when it re-entered the chart peaking at #6, the track became the first Christmas song ever to make the UK Top 10 three years in a row when thanks to downloaded sales it returned to the Top 10 in 2007. The tune has continued to appear in the top 20 each year. [PAR] In 2007, the BBC began playing a version with the word \"faggot\" edited out. After a predictable outrage, they began playing the uncut version. [PAR] This song was inspired by JP Donleavy's 1961 novel of the same title. The author told The Daily Mail December 18, 2009: \"Technically I could have taken legal action for piracy but as I know Shane MacGowan - I believe his father is a fan of my work - I decided not to bother.\" [PAR] The song originated with a bet by Elvis Costello that Shane MacGowan and Jem Finer couldn't come up with a Christmas record that wasn't slushy. [PAR] The lyric,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jewish Floridian of Pinellas County - ufdc.ufl.edu The Jewish Floridian of Pinellas County [PAR] The Jewish Floridian of Pinellas County [PAR] Permanent Link: [PAR] The Jewish Floridian of Pinellas County [PAR] Portion of title: [PAR] Newspapers -- Saint Petersburg (Fla.) ( lcsh ) [PAR] Newspapers -- Pinellas County (Fla.) ( lcsh ) [PAR] Genre: [PAR] United States -- Florida -- Pinellas -- Clearwater [PAR] United States -- Florida -- Pinellas -- St. Petersburg [PAR] Notes [PAR] Vol. 1, no. 1 (Apr. 25, 1980)- [PAR] Record Information [PAR] All applicable rights reserved by the source institution and holding location. [PAR] Resource Identifier: [PAR] Off Pi in I Ins County [PAR] |j_ Number22 I [PAR] St. Petersburg, Florida Friday, October 23,1981 [PAR] < FndShoctut [PAR] Moshe Dayan Israeli Hero Dies Suddenly [PAR] . *viV. Israel Moshe [PAR] S was buried Sunday after- [PAR] 7,, Nahalal, the collective [PAR] \\ Where he spent his child- [PAR] v,n died last Friday at age [PAR] r two heart attacks. Prime [PAR] - Menachem Begin [PAR] him \"one of our greatest [PAR] * of the ages.\" Dayan was [PAR] ded full military honors and [PAR] tU funeral. [PAR] ner Foreign Minister, was a [PAR] rismatic and outspoken man [PAR] I had come to represent the [PAR] rit and determination of the [PAR] aeli people. Statesman, ar- [PAR] re, General Dyan continued to [PAR] n'e as a member of the Knesset [PAR] [til recently, and remains as one [PAR] fi most controversial and [PAR] feom in Kibbutz Degania, one [PAR] he first Jewish collectives in [PAR] jstine. he began his long and [PAR] itinguished record of service to [PAR] ^ country at the age of 14, when [PAR] [joined the Haganah. [PAR] _ 1939, with the issuance of [PAR] i British White Paper favoring [PAR] jab nationalism, he was ap- [PAR] (ehended with other Haganah [PAR] nbers and received a five year [PAR] jon sentence. Released in [PAR] J41, he served with British and [PAR] tench forces in liberating Syria [PAR] 1 Lebanon. It was then that he [PAR] ,. his left eye in action and [PAR] iopted the black patch that [PAR] Id become his trademark. [PAR] I In Israel's War for In- [PAR] Ipendence (1948-49), he coro- [PAR] anded a battalion on the Syrian [PAR] pnt and rose to the top corn- [PAR] end of the Jerusalem front. Af- [PAR] t attending staff college in [PAR] ntain, he returned to become [PAR] kief of Israel's general staff in [PAR] K3. He was supreme com- [PAR] ber of Israel's forces during [PAR] b Sinai-Suez War of 1956. [PAR] leaving the army in 1958, [PAR] i studied politics at the Hebrew [PAR] Iniversity in Jerusalem until his [PAR] lection in 1959 to Israel's [PAR] Inessci He served as Minister of [PAR] Agriculture from 1959 to 1964, [PAR] Men he joined former Prime [PAR] Minister David Ben-Gurion and [PAR] Pinellas county is pleased to an- [PAR] nounce the appointment of [PAR] Stephen A. Kingson as Cam- [PAR] paign Director. Mr. Kingson re- [PAR] places Freida Sohon who retired [PAR] in June after many years of com- [PAR] munity service. [PAR] A graduate of Boston Univer- [PAR] sity, Mr. Kingson also holds a [PAR] Masters degree from Harvard [PAR] Studies. He is highly conversant [PAR] with the Arab-Israel conflict. [PAR] Mr. Kingson is a professional [PAR] fund raiser. He was preY'0\"8^ [PAR] affiliated with Milton Hood Ward [PAR] and Co.. Inc. a nationally re- [PAR] cognized fund raising firm de- [PAR] voted exclusively to providing [PAR] campaign counsel for Jewish in- [PAR] stitutional clients inlcuding [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Humphrey DeForest Bogart (1899 - 1957) - Genealogy Humphrey DeForest Bogart (1899 - 1957) - Genealogy [PAR] Humphrey DeForest Bogart [PAR] New York, New York, New York, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Glendale, California, USA [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] Dec 1899 - New York, United States [PAR] Residence: [PAR] 1900 - South Bristol Township, Ontario, New York, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Dec 25 1899 - New York, New York, New York, United States [PAR] Death: [PAR] Jan 14 1957 - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Belmont Deforest Bogart, Maude H Humphrey [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Helen Menkin, Betty Joan Bacall, Mayo Methot [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Dec 25 1899 - New York, New York, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] Jan 14 1957 - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Dec 25 1899 - New York [PAR] Death: [PAR] Jan 14 1957 - Los Angeles, California, USA [PAR] Father's last name: [PAR] Circa 1900 - New York, United States [PAR] Residence: [PAR] 1920 - New York, New York, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Belmont D Bogart, Maude H Bogart [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Dec 25 1899 - New York City, New York, United States [PAR] Death: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...Bogart HOLLYWOOD, Monday: Humphrey Bogart, 56, screen tough guy, died today from cancer. He was still optimistic about his hopes of r... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Jan 15 1957 - Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...Bogart, who died yesterday of cancer, by recalling anecdotes of the career of film land's famous \"tough guy.\" The 57-year-old... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Jan 16 1957 - Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... produce The death this week from cancer at the age of 56 of Humphrey Bogart haB robbed the screen of one of its notable actors. N6 one w... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Jan 18 1957 - Beverley, Western Australia, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... nervous as a bride as he approaches his marriage on, Monday to Lauren Bacall, who is young enough to be his daughter. Bogart says that T... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] May 20 1945 - Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... meeting of the employes at the factory of Refrigerators Ltd.. Mary street. Onley. today. Hollywood Marriage.\u2014The new screen siren, Laure... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Apr 30 1945 - Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...position in, Victoria. BOGART'S WIFE GIVEN DIVORCE \"News\" Special Service NEW YORK. Thursdai-.-Mayo Methot Bogart was granted... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] May 11 1945 - Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] father [PAR] About Humphrey Bogart [PAR] Humphrey DeForest Bogart was American actor who became a preeminent motion picture \u201ctough guy\u201d and was a top box office attraction during the 1940s and '50s. In his performances he projected the image of a worldly wise, individualistic adventurer with a touch of idealism hidden beneath a hardened exterior. Offscreen he gave the carefully crafted appearance of being a cynical loner, granting only minimal concessions to Hollywood conventions. He became a cult hero of the American cinema. [PAR] Bogart was the son of a prominent surgeon and a commercial artist. He served in the United States Navy at the end of World War I, and after the war he began a stage career in New York City playing juvenile roles in drawing-room and country-house comedies. By the mid-1920s he had won a leading role in the comedy Cradle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] December 25, 1977: Charlie Chaplin, giant of the silent ... December 25, 1977: Charlie Chaplin, giant of the silent screen, dies aged 88 - BT [PAR] [PAR] December 25, 1977: Charlie Chaplin, giant of the silent screen, dies aged 88 [PAR] The greatest comedian of the silent movie era who gave us the famous Little Tramp and satirical classic The Great Dictator, died on this day in 1977. [PAR] Share this [PAR] Print this story [PAR] Charles Spencer Chaplin - known the world over simply as Charlie and arguably the greatest comedian of the silent movie era, died on Christmas Day 1977 at the age of 88. His wife Oona and seven of their eight children were by his side at his home in Switzerland when he passed away. [PAR] The British screen legend was the son of music hall performers. He took to the stage himself from the age of five and travelled to America in 1910, launching a film career that made him a star across the western world. [PAR] He created his iconic character the Little Tramp, complete with baggy clothes, bowler hat and cane, for the 1914 film Kid Auto Races at Venice, and would play the role in around 70 screen appearances up until 1940. [PAR] Chaplin began directing his own films from an early stage, something he felt was necessary to create the best comedy possible; in 1919 he co-founded United Artists along with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W. Griffith, giving him even greater creative control over his work. [PAR] He would go on to make full-length films including The Kid, The Gold Rush, City Lights and Modern Times, at first choosing to stay in the silent medium even when talking pictures became the norm. [PAR] An ardent oppose of fascism, his 1940 film The Great Dictator satirised Hitler, but after the war Chaplin was rumoured to be a Communist sympathiser and his popularity waned; he would leave America in 1952 and set up home in Switzerland. [PAR] Despite his huge popularity with the public, he did not garner many awards; he was given an honorary Oscar in 1929, but according to his son Charles Junior, he used it as a doorstop. His attitude had changed by 1972, when he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Oscar and seemed genuinely moved by the 12-minute ovation he received. [PAR] [Also on this day: Queen makes first televised Christmas broadcast, 1957] [PAR] Chaplin was knighted in the 1975 New Year\u2019s Honours; he was named \"a towering figure in world culture\" by the British Film Institute, and was included in Time Magazine\u2019s list of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century. [PAR] Were you a fan of Charlie Chaplin? Does he deserve his reputation as one of the greatest ever screen comics? Let us know in the Comments section below. [PAR] Charlie Chaplin \u2013 Did you know? [PAR] Charlie Chaplin was born in 1889 grew up in poverty in South London. His father died when Charlie was 12, while his mother was placed in a mental asylum on three occasions. [PAR] By the age of 16 Chaplin was appearing on the West End stage. He joined Fred Karno\u2019s troupe of stage comedians and travelled with them to the USA in 1910; another member of the company was Arthur Stanley Jefferson, later to be known as Stan Laurel. [PAR] On arriving in America, the two men shared a room in a boarding house. Cooking was not allowed in the room, so Chaplin would play the violin to cover up the sound of Laurel frying"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astrology: birthday of celebrities born on December, 25 ... Horoscope of celebrities born on December, 25, [1/3] [PAR] 44,901 clicks, 330th woman, 748th celebrity [PAR] Biography of Helena Christensen [PAR] Helena Christensen (born December 25, 1968 (birth time source: http://www.chta.org/datfotom.htm, Elle Magazine)) is a Danish fashion model, (former) Victoria's Secret Angel, beauty queen, and photographer. She has also served as creative director for Nylon magazine, designed clothing, and supported funding for breast cancer organizations and other charities. Early life Christensen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. Her father is Danish, and her mother is Peruvian. Miss Denmark Christensen won the Miss Denmark crown in 1986 and represented Denmark in Miss Universe 1986. She left her home soon afterwards to pursue modeling in Paris. Modeling career Christensen appeared on many magazine covers (including Vogue, Elle, Harper\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Bazaar, W) and in fashion campaigns (including Revlon, ... [PAR] 40,491 clicks, 490th man, 879th celebrity [PAR] Biography of Carlos Castaneda [PAR] Carlos Casta\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdeda (December 25, 1925 (birth time source: birth certificate, email between Dr Jay Fikes and Kannon McAfee on June 7, 2014) \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd April 27, 1998) was the author of a series of books that purport to describe his training in traditional Mesoamerican shamanism, which he referred to as a form of sorcery. The books and Castaneda, who rarely spoke in public about his work, have been controversial for many years. Supporters claim the books are either true or at least valuable works of philosophy and descriptions of practices which enable an increased awareness; critics claim the books are shams, works of fiction, and not empirically verifiable works of anthropology as claimed. In his books, Castaneda narrates in first person the events leading to and ensuing after his meeting a Yaqui ... [PAR] 36,487 clicks, 467th woman, 1,055th celebrity [PAR] Biography of Ingrid Betancourt [PAR] Ingrid Betancourt (born December 25, 1961) is a Colombian politician, former senator and anti-corruption activist. Betancourt was kidnapped by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) on February 23, 2002 while campaigning for the Colombian presidency as a Green, after she decided to campaign in an area of high guerrilla presence in spite of warnings from the government, police and military not to do so. Her kidnapping has received wide coverage in France due to her French citizenship, and the government of France had participated as a facilitator for the release of Betancourt and all prisoners held by the FARC guerrillas. However, these negotiations were unfruitful. Betancourt was ultimately rescued from captivity, along with fourteen hostages, by Colombian security forces on Jul... [PAR] 34,900 clicks, 505th woman, 1,141st celebrity [PAR] Biography of Annie Lennox [PAR] Annie Lennox (born 25 December 1954) is an Oscar, BRIT, Grammy and Golden Globe award-winning Scottish pop musician and vocalist. She is both a solo artist and the lead singer of the duo Eurythmics, often hailed as \"The Greatest White Soul Singer Alive\" (VH1, 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll 1999) Life and career Ann Lennox was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. She attended Aberdeen High School for Girls (now Harlaw Academy). She was educated as a classical musician and studied the flute at the Royal Academy of Music in London. Her time at the Royal Academy was not entirely happy for her. Her flute teacher's final report stated: \"Ann has not always been sure of where to direct her efforts, though latterly she has been more committed. She is very, very able, however.\" Two years later Le... [PAR] 34,591 clicks, 646th man, 1,158th celebrity [PAR] Biography of Humphrey Bogart [PAR] Humphrey DeForest Bogart (December 25, 1899 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd January 14, 1957) was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Viscum album (mistletoe) | Plants & Fungi At Kew Viscum album (mistletoe) | Plants & Fungi At Kew [PAR] Discover more [PAR] Geography and distribution [PAR] Mistletoe ranges from North Africa to southern England and southern Scandinavia, across Central Europe to southwest and east Asia to Japan. In Europe three subspecies (ssps.), which grow on different species of host trees, have been recognised. Viscum album ssp. album grows on hardwoods, V. album ssp. abietis on fir trees (Abies) and V. album ssp. laxum grows on pines and spruce. Further east there are well-known forms of V.album which have coloured fruits. [PAR] In the UK V. album occurs from east Devon to Yorkshire, and is particularly common in central and southern England and around London. [PAR] Viscum album bush [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Mistletoe is partially parasitic, growing on several woody hosts (trees and shrubs) in a variety of wooded habitats, extending from the tropics (typical V. album is recorded from the Chin Hills in Burma) into temperate regions. Across its geographical range, it can be found growing on gymnosperms as well as broadleaved trees. In the UK, poplar, lime, apple and hawthorn are common hosts. Mistletoes on native European oaks are rare. [PAR] Description [PAR] Viscum album is a small woody shrub, frequently globular in shape and can reach over 1 m in diameter. It grows on the branches of other trees, to which it is attached by a swelling called a haustorium. In common with all mistletoes, it is hemiparasitic which means that although it depends on its host for water and mineral nutrients, it is able to photosynthesise (create its own carbohydrates using sunlight) because it has green leaves and stems. [PAR] The stems of the mistletoe appear characteristically forked, (pseudo-dichotomously branched) and it is possible to estimate the age of a mistletoe bush simply by counting the number of times that the branches fork and adding two years (since often one fork is produced in each year from the third year after germination). V. album is dioecious, which means that male and female flowers are produced on separate plants. The small, easily overlooked flowers are produced in a short inflorescence of three to five flowers in the forks of the branches. Although small, the flowers are reported to be insect-pollinated and they are said to be sweetly scented and to produce nectar. The white berries appear from about October until May. Inside they contain a single green seed which lacks a seed coat but is surrounded by a sticky pulp. [PAR] An apple tree killed by mistletoe [PAR] Other common names [PAR] German: Mistel, Vogelmistel, Leimmistel, Affolter, Bocksfutter, Drudenfua, Elfklatte, Geiakrut, Guomol, Hexenbesen, Immergrune, Kluster, Marenklatte, Marentaken, Mischgle, Mischgelt, Misple, Nistle, Uomol, Vogelchrut, VogelKlab, Vogellim, Wespe, Wintergrun, Wispen, Wasp. [PAR] French: gui, gui commun, gui de druides [PAR] Italian: vischio, visco, vescovaggine, guatrice, pania, scoaggine [PAR] Spanish: muerdago [PAR] Threats and conservation [PAR] Viscum album is locally common in the UK. The most recent survey (1993-6) showed that, in its stronghold in the former apple orchard areas of the Welsh borders, the populations had fallen in numbers as a direct consequence of the decline of the orchards. In spite of this, the plant was still much more common in the counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire, when compared with what are probably more natural frequencies found elsewhere. [PAR] Infestations of mistletoe are detrimental to the host tree, and large infestations can eventually lead to the host's death, particularly during prolonged periods of dry weather. As mistletoe reduces the productivity of commercial fruit trees it is often"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jerry Lewis - IMDb Jerry Lewis - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Writer | Director [PAR] Jerry Lewis (born March 16, 1926) is an American comedian, actor, singer, film producer, screenwriter and film director. He is known for his slapstick humor in film, television, stage and radio. He was originally paired up with Dean Martin in 1946, forming the famed comedy team of Martin and Lewis. In addition to the duo's popular nightclub work, ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 08 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 people [PAR] created 10 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 people [PAR] created 08 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 32 people [PAR] created 19 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 people [PAR] created 03 Jan 2016 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Jerry Lewis's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 16 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] The Nutty Professor Prof. Julius Kelp / Buddy Love [PAR] (1963) [PAR] 1987 Fight for Life (TV Movie) [PAR] Dr. Bernard Abrams [PAR] 1965 Ben Casey (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Dennis Green [PAR] 1961 The Ladies Man (written by) [PAR] 1960 Cinderfella (story - uncredited) [PAR] 1992 How Are the Kids? (Documentary) (segment \"Boy\") [PAR] 1991 Good Grief (TV Series) (1 episode) [PAR] 1966 Three on a Couch (lyrics: \"A Now and a Later Love\") [PAR] 1964 The Patsy (performer: \"I Lost My Heart in a Drive-In Movie\") [PAR] 1963 The Jerry Lewis Show (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Episode #1.11 (1963) ... (performer: \"When the Red, Red, Robin Comes Bob, Bob, Bobbin' Along\", \"Birth of the Blues\", \"Nessun Dorma\") [PAR] 1963 The Nutty Professor (performer: \"That Old Black Magic\" (uncredited), \"We've Got a World That Swings\", \"I'm in the Mood for Love\" (uncredited)) [PAR] 1961 The Ladies Man (performer: \"Bang Tail\") [PAR] 1960 Cinderfella (performer: \"Let Me Be a People (Plain Old Me)\", \"The Other Fella (A Soliloquy)\", \"The Princess Waltz (Once Upon A Time)\", \"Somebody\") [PAR] 1960 Raymie (performer: \"Raymie\") [PAR] 1958 Rock-a-Bye Baby (performer: \"Dormi-Dormi-Dormi (Sleep-Sleep-Sleep)\", \"The Land of La-La-La\", \"Love Is a Lonely Thing\", \"Rock-a-Bye Baby\") [PAR] 1957 The Delicate Delinquent (performer: \"By Myself\") [PAR] 1956 Pardners (performer: \"Buckskin Beauty\", \"Pardners\") [PAR] 1955 Artists and Models (\"Artists and Models\") / (performer: \"When You Pretend\") [PAR] 1954 3 Ring Circus (performer: \"Time to Shave\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1954 Living It Up (performer: \"Ev'ry Street's a Boulevard in Old New York\") [PAR] 1953 Money from Home (performer: \"Be Careful Song\") [PAR] 1953 The Caddy (performer: \"The Gay Continental\", \"(It Takes A Lot Of Little Likes To Make) One Big Love\", \"That's Amor\u00e9 (That's Love)\", \"What Wouldcha Do Without Me?\") [PAR] 1953 Scared Stiff (performer: \"Bongo Bingo\", \"Enchiladas\") [PAR] 1952 Jumping Jacks (performer: \"I CAN'T RESIST A BOY IN A UNIFORM\", \"KEEP A LITTLE DREAM HANDY\")"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu - The New York Times Nicolae Ceausescu - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Supported by [PAR] Nicolae Ceausescu [PAR] News about Nicolae Ceausescu, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. More [PAR] Nicolae Ceausescu, who was executed with his wife on Christmas day of 1989, was a maverick and despotic Rumanian Communist leader who pursued an independent course abroad and demanded slavish subservience at home. [PAR] For one of Eastern Europe's most durable dictators, Mr. Ceausescu's downfall after 24 years of repression at home and bridge-building to the West came astoundingly fast, even when measured against the frantic pace of change in the Soviet bloc that year. [PAR] Just a month before his death, tens of thousands of workers marched under fluttering flags to hail President Ceausescu's re-election as the General Secretary of the Communist Party. [PAR] But although the carefully orchestrated ceremony did not allow a murmur of dissent, long-simmering national rage over a Draconian economic policy, Ceausescu nepotism (his wife was his Deputy Prime Minister), a bizarre cult of personality and harebrained agricultural and architectural schemes, many experts say, reached a flash point in December of 1989 in violent demonstrations in the western city of Timisoara. [PAR] The overthrow ended the rule of a strangely contradictory figure, one who showed one face to the outside world, another to his people. [PAR] He welcomed two American Presidents, Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford, to Bucharest and helped Mr. Nixon plan his opening to China in 1972. He was received, in turn, in Washington and feted by President Jimmy Carter. He was the only Eastern bloc leader to carry on simultaneous diplomatic relations with Israel, Albania and China. He freed Rumanian Jews to emigrate to Israel, although, it later came out, Israel paid millions of dollars in ransom fees. [PAR] He also denounced the Soviet military sweep into Afghanistan in 1979, refused to take part in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and other Warsaw Pact maneuvers and barred Soviet bases on Rumanian soil. Cultism, Inefficiency: Invoking Stalin But at home, the taciturn and humorless Mr. Ceausescu created what was often described as his own Stalinist regime, complete with huge, underused building projects and a personality cult that saw his face - and increasingly, his wife's, retouched to make her appear 40 years younger - plastered throughout the country."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fields, W.C. (Dukenfield, William Claude) W.C. Fields [PAR] Fields, W.C. (Dukenfield, William Claude) [PAR] Born: January 29, 1880, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [PAR] Died: December 25, 1946, in Pasadena, California [PAR] Vocations: Comedian, Actor, Screenwriter [PAR] Geographic Connection to Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Philadelphia County [PAR] Keywords: The Bank Dick,; David Copperfield, Charles Dickens, Fields for President, Hollywood Walk of Fame, It\u2019s a Gift, My Little Chickadee, Poppy, Vaudeville, Mae West, Ziegfeld Follies [PAR] Abstract: Born in Philadelphia on January 29, 1880, W.C. Fields was a versatile comedian who showcased his talents on the stage, on the screen, and on the airwaves. Fields began his career as a juggler in vaudeville shows before he made the leap to acting. Fields starred in both silent films and talking pictures before he began writing screenplays. After a serious illness, Fields took his comedy routines to the radio. His career options dwindled as he was plagued by an addiction to alcohol and a recurring illness. He died of a stomach hemorrhage on Christmas Day, 1946, in Pasadena, California. [PAR] Biography: [PAR] W.C. Fields, originally William Claude Dukenfield, was born on January 29, 1880, in Philadelphia. Fields, who derived his stage name from his initials and the latter part of his surname, was born to James Dukenfield, an Englishman, and Kate Felton Dukenfield, a native Philadelphian. W.C. Fields seems to have been greatly influenced by his mother\u2019s sense of humor. His mother would greet neighbors, then mutter caustic comments under her breath. As Wes D. Gehring notes in W.C. Fields, a Bio-Bibliography, \u201cthe apparently congenial address followed by the cutting aside is the cornerstone of Fields\u2019 comedy.\u201d [PAR] Fields\u2019 family was poor, and as the firstborn, Fields felt it the most: \u201cI was the oldest child. We were all very poor, but I was poor first.\u201d He helped his father sell fruit from a fruit cart, and then moved on to peddling newspapers. Rather than call out the headlines to passersby, Fields would call out the obituaries or filler stories that involved strange names, showing his preference for \u201ceuphonious appellations,\u201d a quirk that would appear in Fields\u2019 later screenwriting efforts. [PAR] At the age of fifteen, Fields witnessed the Byrnes Brothers\u2019 juggling act and saw a way to escape poverty. He immediately began practicing, starting with the fruit from his father\u2019s cart. He diversified and began juggling all sorts of items, building both suspense and comedy into his routine. A strained relationship with his father caused Fields to leave home the next year. After leaving, Fields felt keenly the education he was missing and became an avid reader, enjoying works by Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, and Robert Louis Stevenson. [PAR] Fields struggled to make a living while trying to establish a juggling career. He was able to join a New York-based burlesque company called The Monte Carlo Girls that toured in American small towns, but his only real pay was experience. While touring with this company, Fields found himself stranded in Kent, Ohio, when the company\u2019s manager fled the hotel with his bills unpaid. Fields had to sell his own coat to gather enough money to return to New York. He then took work in a dime museum, an exhibition house of performers, allowing him to gain not only further experience, but also a paycheck. By sixteen, Fields was talented enough to appear onstage as \u201cW.C. Fields, the Tramp Juggler\u201d in the Orpheum vaudeville show. [PAR] From the late 1890s, Fields toured across the country in vaudeville houses, establishing a reputation for his juggling skills. As Gehring argues, Fields set himself apart by realizing \u201cthe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade ... 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? [PAR] 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? [PAR] 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? [PAR] 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? [PAR] 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? [PAR] 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? [PAR] 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? [PAR] 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? [PAR] 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? [PAR] 10. From what ancient activity does the word \u2018crestfallen\u2019 come? [PAR] 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? [PAR] 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? [PAR] 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? [PAR] 14. What did Britain\u2019s roads first acquire in 1914? [PAR] 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? [PAR] 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? [PAR] 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children\u2019s TV programme How? [PAR] 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? [PAR] 19. Who were Tom and Barbara\u2019s neighbours in The Good Life? [PAR] 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your \u2018Daisy Roots\u2019? [PAR] 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? [PAR] 22. Which actor played Columbo? [PAR] 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? [PAR] 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? [PAR] 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? [PAR] 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? [PAR] 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? [PAR] 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? [PAR] 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? [PAR] 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? [PAR] ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I\u2019m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade ... 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? [PAR] 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? [PAR] 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? [PAR] 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? [PAR] 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? [PAR] 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? [PAR] 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? [PAR] 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? [PAR] 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? [PAR] 10. From what ancient activity does the word \u2018crestfallen\u2019 come? [PAR] 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? [PAR] 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? [PAR] 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? [PAR] 14. What did Britain\u2019s roads first acquire in 1914? [PAR] 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? [PAR] 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? [PAR] 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children\u2019s TV programme How? [PAR] 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? [PAR] 19. Who were Tom and Barbara\u2019s neighbours in The Good Life? [PAR] 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your \u2018Daisy Roots\u2019? [PAR] 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? [PAR] 22. Which actor played Columbo? [PAR] 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? [PAR] 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? [PAR] 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? [PAR] 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? [PAR] 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? [PAR] 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? [PAR] 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? [PAR] 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? [PAR] ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I\u2019m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CIA - The World Factbook: China The World Factbook \u2014 Central Intelligence Agency [PAR] Background: [PAR] For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. Since the early 1990s, China has increased its global outreach and participation in international organizations. [PAR] Geography :: CHINA [PAR] Natural hazards: [PAR] frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence [PAR] volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries [PAR] Environment - current issues: [PAR] air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; China is the world's largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species [PAR] party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling [PAR] signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements [PAR] world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US) and largest country situated entirely in Asia; Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak [PAR] People and Society :: CHINA [PAR] noun: Chinese (singular and plural) [PAR] adjective: Chinese [PAR] Han Chinese 91.6%, Zhuang 1.3%, other (includes Hui, Manchu, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Tibetan, Mongol, Dong, Buyei, Yao, Bai, Korean, Hani, Li, Kazakh, Dai and other nationalities) 7.1% [PAR] note: the Chinese Government officially recognizes 56 ethnic groups (2010 est.) [PAR] Languages: [PAR] Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry) [PAR] note: Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uighur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uygur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet) [PAR] Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, folk religion 21.9%, Hindu < 0.1%, Jewish < 0.1%, other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.2% [PAR] note: officially atheist (2010 est.) [PAR] 0-14 years: 17.1% (male 126,732,020/female 108,172,771) [PAR] 15-24 years: 13.27% (male 97,126,460/female 85,135,228) [PAR] 25-54 years: 48.42% (male 339,183,101/female 325,836,319) [PAR] 55-64 years: 10.87% (male 75,376,730/female 73,859,424) [PAR] 65 years and over: 10.35% (male 67,914,015/female 74,205,210) (2016 est.) [PAR] population pyramid: [PAR] People - note: [PAR] in October 2015, the Chinese Government announced that it would change its rules to allow all couples to have two children instead of just one, as mandated in 1979; the new policy was implemented on 1 January 2016 to address China\u2019s rapidly aging population"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BOAC - What does BOAC stand for? The Free Dictionary BOAC - What does BOAC stand for? The Free Dictionary [PAR] BOAC - What does BOAC stand for? The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/BOAC [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Wikipedia . [PAR] Acronym [PAR] British Overseas Airways Corporation (now British Airways) [PAR] BOAC [PAR] Bang on a Can (New York, NY) [PAR] BOAC [PAR] Board of Aviation Commissioners (Indiana) [PAR] BOAC [PAR] Blazing Outdoor Adventurers & Co Pte Ltd (Singapore) [PAR] BOAC [PAR] Banging Out All Classics (musician) [PAR] BOAC [PAR] BOAC [PAR] Billing Office Accounting Code (federal government/financial) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Write what you mean clearly and correctly. [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] It should be remembered too, that the carrierAAEs original shareholders in the buy out from BOAC were Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Qatar and Oman, three of whom now have their own [PAR] Winston Churchill loved hearty breakfast with whisky and cigar [PAR] Kennard, who has held the executive director position twice in eight years, said she will serve as special adviser to the Los Angeles Board of Airport Commissioners (BOAC) to help with the search for her successor, as well as the Master Plan for Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), and any other issues on which the BOAC may wish to seek her counsel in 2007.[DOC] [TLE] What does BOAC stand for? - Abbreviations.com What does BOAC stand for? [PAR] We've got 26 definitions for BOAC \u00bb [PAR] What does BOAC stand for? [PAR] What does BOAC mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: BOAC. [PAR] Filter by: [PAR] Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of BOAC? [PAR] Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: [PAR] Discuss these BOAC abbreviations with the community: [PAR] Know what is BOAC ? Got another good explanation for BOAC ? Don't keep it to yourself! [PAR] Add it HERE! [PAR] Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! [PAR] Search the web"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Information on The National Trust - Heritage Britain Information on The National Trust [PAR] The National Trust [PAR] The National Trust [PAR] The National Trust was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists - Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, they set up the Trust to act as a guardian for the nation in the acquisition and protection of threatened coastline, countryside and buildings. [PAR] More than a century later, we now care for over 248,000 hectares (612,000 acres) of beautiful countryside in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, plus almost 600 miles of coastline and more than 200 buildings and gardens of outstanding interest and importance. Most of these properties are held in perpetuity and so their future protection is secure. The vast majority are open to visitors and we are constantly looking at ways in which we can improve public access and on-site facilities. [PAR] We are a registered charity and completely independent of Government, therefore relying heavily on the generosity of our subscribing members (now numbering over 3 million) and other supporters. Find out more facts and figures about the National Trust. [PAR] Conserving our countryside and heritage and preserving the environment for future generations are central to the Trust's mission. Year after year more irreplaceable stretches of countryside and historic buildings are lost forever, making our work even more vital. [PAR] Our Environment & Conservation web site covers our work in this area in great depth and our Surf the Coast site carries details about our ongoing campaign to preserve our country's beautiful coastline. [PAR] Our Gardens site is a celebration of some of the wonderful gardens cared for by the National Trust. [PAR] As a charity, the National Trust relies on help from many different sources. [PAR] Increasing numbers of people choose to help us by taking out membership and we encourage our members to play an active role in our work, through such activities as volunteering. You can also provide practical help by joining one of our working holidays. [PAR] Making a gift of money or property, or arranging provision for the Trust in a will, are further ways of helping us protect beautiful places for future generations. [PAR] Many supporters visit our properties every year, and every visit helps to raise money towards important projects. We also benefit greatly from purchases through our shops, tea-rooms and restaurants, and through our range of holidays. [PAR] For more Information please contact: [PAR] The National Trust [PAR] Channel Islands | Guernsey | Historic Jersey | The Isle of Man | The Isle of Man | [PAR] County Information [PAR] England [PAR] | Bath | Bedfordshire | Berkshire | Birmingham | Bristol | Buckinghamshire | Cambridge | Cambridgeshire | Cheshire | Cleveland | Cornwall | Cumbria | Derbyshire | Devon | Dorset | Durham County | Essex | Gloucestershire | Hampshire | Herefordshire | Hertfordshire | Isle of Wight | Kent | Lancashire | Leicestershire | Lincolnshire | Liverpool | London | Manchester | Merseyside | Norfolk | Northamptonshire | Northumberland | Nottinghamshire | Oxford | Oxfordshire | Rutland | Shropshire | Somerset | Staffordshire | Suffolk | Surrey | Sussex | Tyne and Wear | Warwickshire | West Midlands | Wiltshire | Worcestershire | York | Yorkshire | [PAR] Scotland [PAR] Aberdeenshire | Angus | Argyll, Mull, Bute | Ayrshire | Clackmannanshire | Dumfries and Galloway | Dunbartonshire | Dundee | Edinburgh | Falkirk | Fife | Glasgow | Highlands and Islands | Isle of Arran | Kincardineshire | Lanarkshire | Lothian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lawrence of Arabia\u2019s Brough Superior SS100 Motorcycle Lawrence of Arabia\u2019s Brough Superior SS100 Motorcycle | [PAR] March 20, 2012 at 12:43 pm [PAR] The movie Lawrence of Arabia opens with a scene of Sir T.E.Lawrence riding a Brough motorcycle and crashing. The Number plate shown on the motorcycle is UL 656. I guess that the movie makers used a stuntman double for actor Sir Peter O\u2019Toole. , and the movie makers did not use the Number GW 2275. please correct me if i am wrong. The movie inspired me to own a motorcycle.When I was 24 years old ,my dad bought me a 250CC JAWA motorcycle. I subsequently became a stuntman with South India Stuntmens Association, did many daring stunts on motorcycles., before i retired as a stuntman. Now I am 62 years and still ride my JAWA-YEZDI 250cc. [PAR] March 20, 2012 at 1:58 pm [PAR] It sounds like you have had quite a life so far. I\u2019m surprised that you were inspired by a movie with a motorcycle accident that ends in death. You must be fearless! [PAR] It has been years since I last saw the movie and I have no idea what the license plate number was on the motorcycle used in the movie. As a result I am in not in a position to comment on whether you are correct or not, but given your interest in this matter, I suspect that you are right. [PAR] I would be surprised to find out that they used his actual motorcycle in the movie. Not only would they use a stunt double, they probably used a stand-in motorcycle as well. They would not want to damage the actual motorcycle. [PAR] Keep riding, [PAR] April 13, 2012 at 6:15 am [PAR] Mr.Tim Haupt, [PAR] The movie Lawrence of Arabia inspired me, and i became a motorcycle freak when I was 24 yrs old. Im 62 yrs now and still ride a JAWA-YEZDI 1995 \u2013 250 CC Bike. during my youthful days I became a stuntman and did a few daring stunts like jumping over a moving train.I have a vcd on this stunt. As for the bike in the movie Lawrence of Arabia I have a DVD and the number plate shown in the movie is UL656. I was facinated by this number and used it on some of my stunt motorcycles. Man, what lovely reminences :). [PAR] God bless you and keep up the good work. you can write to me at :jayakumarramasami@yahoo.com [PAR] gordon wilson [PAR] The exhaust pipes on the bike used in the movie are different to those in your pictures, more modern mufflers I\u2019d say. [PAR] Roger Hopkins [PAR] July 6, 2012 at 4:02 pm [PAR] Hello Steve [PAR] I came across your very interesting website and its comments about T E Lawrence\u2019s Brough Superior SS100 \u2013 Registration No: GR 2275. As a documentary film maker, I\u2019ve been associated with the motorcycle on several occasions and know the present owner well. Believe me, the very act of sitting on the machine is electrifying! If ever there was a spiritual scent attached to a man made object, this is it. Lawrence\u2019s beloved Brough is probably the most famous road going vehicle in the world, and certainly the most valuable. It currently resides in London\u2019s Imperial War Museum London, and is the very stuff of iconic history. One of your contributors discusses the present black colour of the tank. When Lawrence crashed the bike in 1935, the tank was badly damaged, and a rare photograph taken just after the accident shows this very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quarantine Flag - Maritime Professional Quarantine Flag [PAR] Quarantine flag [PAR] Posted to Maritime Musings (by Dennis Bryant ) on January 6, 2012 [PAR] A visible warning to stay clear. [PAR] The quarantine flag, also called the \u201cYellow Jack\u201d, is the international signal flag LIMA. It is square in shape. Its display is divided into four smaller squares, with two on top and two on the bottom. The smaller squares are alternately yellow and black in color. The flag is flown from a ship that is either arriving in port with known serious health problems or that has been placed under quarantine by the local port authorities. Once the local authorities have determined that the ship\u2019s health problems have been resolved and removed the quarantine order, the ship may fly the free pratique flag (e.g., the international signal flag QUEBEC), which is solid yellow. The concept of quarantine is ancient and is mentioned in the Old Testament. The term itself is derived from the practice of the city-state of Venice during the Middle Ages of requiring ships arriving from locations known to being experiencing diseases such as the plague to anchor or moor off the port for 40 days (quaranta giorni) so that any disease on board might run its course. The practice of quarantine has varied over the centuries, but the concept of protecting the public health by restricting the movements of individuals who are suspected of possibly harboring serious disease has remained constant. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides guidelines on how and when quarantine should be used, but its actual implementation is left to the discretion of individual nations. In the United States, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administers the federal quarantine program, but the separate states and local communities also have broad powers. Ships arriving in a US port with serious disease on board are required to provide advance notification. The ship may be required to undertake certain sanitary measures and to exercise various controls over all persons on board to prevent them from serving as disease vectors potentially infecting the local populace. The closest we have come recently to a general quarantine affecting the maritime industry was during the 2002 SARS epidemic, which heavily impacted southeast Asia. A future pandemic, whether the result of avian flu or otherwise, may see widespread implementation of quarantine measures and flying of the quarantine flag.[DOC] [TLE] The Flag Advisor - Waypoint - Welcome to Waypoint ... Flag Advisor [PAR] The Flag Advisor [PAR] Flag etiquette can be arcane and boggling. We surveyed Chapman\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Piloting and our flag maker for guidance and came up with some general recommendations for boaters: [PAR] Courtesy and National Flags [PAR] As a gesture of courtesy, cruisers should fly a foreign nation\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds flag when they enter and operate in its waters. [PAR] Rule No. 1\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThere are no real rules. Customs observed in various foreign waters differ from each other. We\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdve seen cases where not flying or flying a courtesy flag improperly causes some awkward moments; you may be regarded as impolite, but nothing more. In others, it\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds local law to fly the flag. Officials can\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdand do\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdimpound passports or assess fines until the proper flag\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwhich, of course, can only be purchased locally at great expense\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdis flying on board. If in doubt, inquire of other cruisers and observe other craft from your country for guidance. [PAR] Do not fly a courtesy flag until your vessel is properly cleared by customs and immigration. Until clearance is complete, fly the yellow Q (quarantine) flag. [PAR] On a mastless powerboat, the courtesy flag replaces any"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Milkcap - definition of milkcap by The Free Dictionary Milkcap - definition of milkcap by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Milkcap - definition of milkcap by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/milkcap [PAR] Lactarius delicioso [PAR] agaric - a saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside [PAR] genus Lactarius , Lactarius - large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] KIDS OFFER FAMILY TRAVEL TIPS [PAR] Brian Theriot is no stranger to children with four of his own, ages 12 and under, not to mention the 1 million-plus children he personally entertained as an executive for the wonderfully successful World POG Federation of the early 90's, owner of the POG milkcap craze for kids. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2016 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Good Life (Series) - TV Tropes The Good Life (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] The Good Life [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] WMG [PAR] This is the life... [PAR] Brit Com about a married couple (Tom and Barbara Good) who decide to give up the rat race and become completely self-sufficient. On his 40th birthday, Tom Good gives up his job as a draughtsman in a company that makes plastic toys for boxes of breakfast cereal. Their house is paid for, so he and his wife decide to live a sustainable, simple and self-sufficient lifestyle while staying in their home in Surbiton. They dig up their gardens and convert them into allotments, growing fruit and vegetables. They buy chickens, pigs, a goat and a rooster. The Goods generate their own electricity, attempt to make their own clothes, and barter for essentials which they cannot make themselves. [PAR] Their actions horrify their conventional, and conventionally materialistic, next-door neighbors, Margo and Jerry Leadbetter. Well, they horrify Margo. Tom's friend and former colleague Jerry is mostly just bemused. Hilarity Ensues . Notable for being a sitcom about Sustainability before sustainability was a common topic of discussion. [PAR] Came ninth in Britain's Best Sitcom . [PAR] Known as Good Neighbors in the US because NBC had an unrelated one season series called \"The Good Life\" a couple years before. [PAR] This program provides examples of: [PAR] Acting Unnatural : In one episode, Tom and Barbara think Margo is having an affair. When Jerry walks in, Tom tells Barbara to 'be natural'. They then both stand to attention and grin like idiots. [PAR] The Alleged Car : In series 3 episode \"A Tug At The Forelock\" Tom decides to build his own, powered by the engine from the rotary cultivator, as an alternative to the (less economical but more sensible) horse Barbara got from the coal-man, who was upgrading to motor power. Despite Jerry's quizzing them on the lack of tax and insurance, its general roadworthiness is not brought up in that episode. [PAR] Almost Famous Name : One episode revolves around Tom and Barbara being interviewed by a newspaper that turns out, after they've told everyone they know, to be a low-circulation student paper with a similar name to the famous national paper they thought they would be appearing in. [PAR] Annoying Laugh : Jerry. A heh. Heheheheh. [PAR] Arrow Cam : At least one episode includes an example of 'Goat Cam': \"Geraldine! Kill!\" [PAR] Billed Above the Title : \"Richard Briers in The Good Life\". Briers had been playing sitcom leads for over a decade when he was offered the role of Tom, while Felicity Kendal, Penelope Keith and Paul Eddington were primarily known for their stage work. note At the time of casting, all four cast members had just appeared in West End runs of new plays by Alan Ayckbourn - Briers and Eddington in Absurd Person Singular (not at the same time), Kendal and Keith in The Norman Conquests. [PAR] \"Blackmail\" Is Such an Ugly Word : Margo says almost exactly this line (minus \"such\") to her choir mistress in the series 1 episode \"The Pagan Rite\" regarding the fact that she, not the choir mistress, is the one baking gingerbread cookies for the meetings. [PAR] Butt Monkey : Margo - Deconstructed in one episode, where she tipsily pours her heart out about being fully aware of this trope ever since she was in school: [PAR] Margo: I never understood jokes ... so I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Language: Top 100 Cockney Rhyming Slang Words and Phrases ... Language: Top 100 Cockney Rhyming Slang Words and Phrases - Londontopia [PAR] Londontopia [PAR] You are here: Home / Culture / Language: Top 100 Cockney Rhyming Slang Words and Phrases [PAR] Language: Top 100 Cockney Rhyming Slang Words and Phrases [PAR] Jan 29, 2012 [PAR] By jonathan 129 Comments [PAR] Hot on the heels of our success with our Top 100 Best British Slang Phrases , we thought we\u2019d explore the beauty of Cockney Rhyming Slang next. [PAR] Rhyming slang is believed to have originated in the mid-19th century in the East End of London, with sources suggesting some time in the 1840s. It dates from around 1840 among the predominantly Cockney population of the East End of London who are well-known for having a characteristic accent and speech patterns. [PAR] It remains a matter of speculation whether rhyming slang was a linguistic accident, a game, or a cryptolect developed intentionally to confuse non-locals. If deliberate, it may also have been used to maintain a sense of community. It is possible that it was used in the marketplace to allow vendors to talk amongst themselves in order to facilitate collusion, without customers knowing what they were saying. Another suggestion is that it may have been used by criminals (see thieves\u2019 cant) to confuse the police. [PAR] Whatever the origins \u2013 there are many fun turns of phrases and we\u2019ve put together the Top 100 Words and Phrases that we could find for your reading pleasure. [PAR] Here\u2019s an interesting lesson on the slang from locals in London: [PAR] Top 100 Cockney Rhyming Slang Words and Phrases: [PAR] Adam and Eve \u2013 believe [PAR] bird lime \u2013 time (in prison) [PAR] Boat Race \u2013 face [PAR] Brahms and Liszt \u2013 pissed (drunk) [PAR] Brass Tacks \u2013 facts [PAR] butcher\u2019s hook \u2013 a look [PAR] Chalfont St. Giles \u2013 piles [PAR] Cows and Kisses \u2013 Missus (wife) [PAR] currant bun \u2013 sun (also The Sun, a British newspaper) [PAR] custard and jelly \u2013 telly (television) [PAR] Daisy Roots \u2013 boots [PAR] dog\u2019s meat \u2013 feet [from early 20th c.] [PAR] Duck and Dive \u2013 skive [PAR] joanna \u2013 piano (pronounced \u2018pianna\u2019 in Cockney) [PAR] Khyber Pass \u2013 arse [PAR] Laugh n a joke \u2013 smoke [PAR] Lionel Blairs \u2013 flares [PAR] sherbert (short for sherbert dab) \u2013 cab (taxi) [PAR] Skin and Blister \u2013 sister [PAR] syrup of figs \u2013 wig (sic) [PAR] tables and chairs \u2013 stairs [PAR] two and eight \u2013 state (of upset) [PAR] Vera Lynn \u2013 gin [PAR] whistle and flute \u2013 suit (of clothes) [PAR] Which one is your favorite? Let us know in the comments! [PAR] Share this:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Geography of the Ganges River - About.com Education Geography of the Ganges River [PAR] By Amanda Briney [PAR] Updated August 03, 2015. [PAR] The Ganges River, also called Ganga, is a river located in northern India that flows toward the border with Bangladesh ( map ). It is the longest river in India and flows for around 1,569 miles (2,525 km) from the Himalayan Mountains to the Bay of Bengal. The river has the second greatest water discharge in the world and its basin is the most heavily populated in the world with over 400 million people living in the basin. [PAR] The Ganges River is extremely important to the people of India as most of the people living on its banks use it for daily needs such as bathing and fishing. It is also significant to Hindus as they consider it their most sacred river. [PAR] Course of the Ganges River [PAR] The headwaters of the Ganges River begin high in the Himalayan Mountains where the Bhagirathi River flows out of the Gangotri Glacier in India's Uttarakhand state. The glacier sits at an elevation of 12,769 feet (3,892 m). The Ganges River proper begins farther downstream where the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers join. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] As the Ganges flows out of the Himalayas it creates a narrow, rugged canyon. [PAR] The Ganges River emerges from the Himalayas at the town of Rishikesh where it begins to flow onto the Indo-Gangetic Plain. This area, also called the North Indian River Plain, is a very large, relatively flat, fertile plain that makes up most of the northern and eastern parts of India as well as parts of Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh . In addition to entering the Indo-Gangetic Plain at this area, part of the Ganges River is also diverted toward the Ganges Canal for irrigation in the Uttar Pradesh state. [PAR] As the Ganges River then flows farther downstream it changes its direction several times and is joined by many other tributary rivers such as the Ramganga, Tamsa and Gandaki rivers to name a few. There are also several cities and towns that the Ganges River passes through on its way downstream. Some of these include Chunar, Kolkata, Mirzapur, and Varanasi. Many Hindus visit the Ganges River in Varanasi as that city is considered the holiest of cities. As such, the city's culture is also closely tied into the river as it is the most sacred river in Hinduism. [PAR] Once the Ganges River flows out of India and into Bangladesh its main branch is known as the Padma River. The Padma River is joined downstream by large rivers like the Jamuna and Meghna rivers. After joining the Meghna it takes on that name before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Prior to entering the Bay of Bengal however, the river creates the world's largest delta, Ganges Delta. This region is a highly fertile sediment laden area that covers 23,000 square miles (59,000 sq km). [PAR] It should be noted that the course of the Ganges River described in the above paragraphs is a general description of the river's route from its source where the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers join to its outlet at the Bay of Bengal. The Ganges has a very complicated hydrology and there are several different descriptions of its overall length and the size of its drainage basin based on what tributary rivers are included. The most widely accepted length of the Ganges River is 1,569 miles (2,525 km) and its drainage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chaetophobia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options Chaetophobia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options [PAR] What is Chaetophobia? [PAR] written by: Rene Wolf \u2022 edited by: Daniel P. McGoldrick \u2022 updated: 11/24/2010 [PAR] Chaetophobia is the overwhelming and intense fear of hair. The level of fear can range from a single hair to a hairy family pet. Symptoms can include panic attacks, nausea, dizziness, irregular heartbeat and other physical discomforts. [PAR] slide 1 of 7 [PAR] Chaetophobia is the term used for an intense fear of hair. Someone with Chaetophobia will experience such an intense fear of hair, they will often attempt to remove all hair from their bodies, avoid being around someone they think has a lot of hair, and often avoid being around animals because of the hair. [PAR] slide 2 of 7 [PAR] Similar Meaning, Different Terms [PAR] Chaetophobia is also sometimes referred to as tricopathophobia ,trichphobia and/or hypertrichophobia. Though they are sometimes grouped together as having the exact same meaning, each does relate to a fear of hair, except in slightly different situations. Trichophobia is more specifically the fear of stray hairs being in clothing, furniture or any item that the person may touch. and trichopathophobia include the fear of hair and hair disease, hypertrichophobia is a fear of hair as well, but also includes hair color and hair growth [PAR] slide 3 of 7 [PAR] Causes [PAR] Chaetophobia, like a majority of other phobias , does not have a concrete explanation for the cause of someone to having an intense fear hair and/or hairy people and animals. Chaetophobia is classified as a specific phobia, which means there is an exaggerated fear of a certain situation or object. A specific phobia typically has a specific trigger which initiates the panic in someone. In the case of chaetophobiathe trigger would be any hair related object. This phobia may be the result, of the person experiencing a trauma or life altering situation in which hair was involved. When the person encounters a hair or person with excessive hair, the fear relating to the trauma causes the fear to increase and panic begins. Some people that fear may feel that the hair is dirty and may be related to a fear of germs. Hair may possibly carry bacteria, which may be considered to someone with chaetophobia a reason to fear the hair. [PAR] slide 4 of 7 [PAR] Triggers [PAR] A primary trigger for chaetophobia is basically a concern relating to hygiene. When someone has a fear of hair, when they see a single hair on clothing, furniture, themselves or someone else, will most likely be the onset of panic. If a hair is found in their food at a restaurant or at home, it will evoke a negative reaction. When someone with a fear of hair does find a hair in their food, it may lead to them refusing to eat any food items, unless they have prepared the items themselves. People with this phobia will avoid any situation or object where there may possibly be hair, including hair salons, hairbrushes and visiting family or friends that have pets. [PAR] slide 5 of 7 [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] The symptoms of chaetophobia vary among those suffering with this phobia. The severity of their symptoms will depend on the level of fear experienced. Typically the symptoms include nausea, dizziness, sweating, nervousness and irregular heartbeat. Symptoms also may include a panic attack if the fear is extreme and overwhelming. The majority of people with chaetophobia realize the fear may result in experiencing a panic attack and they often realize the fear"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The woman who said yes to Winston Churchill | UK | News ... The woman who said yes to Winston Churchill | UK | News | Daily Express [PAR] UK [PAR] The woman who said yes to Winston Churchill [PAR] WINSTON CHURCHILL first met Clementine Hozier briefly in 1904 when he was in love with Ethel Barrymore but their next meeting at a dinner party on March 15, 1908, was life changing for both of them. [PAR] PUBLISHED: 00:01, Fri, Mar 15, 2013 [PAR] Clementine Hozier was the wife of Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] He was then 33 and about to enter the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. She was 22 and the impoverished granddaughter of the Earl of Airlie. She had a distinct penchant for older men and had already been engaged twice - firstly to a banker 15 years her senior then to a civil servant almost twice her age - and had broken it off both times. [PAR] No doubt wary of another rejection Winston did not pursue Clemmie with as much ardour as he had his other paramours. In fact, in August 1908 he feared he might have overdone it and she was losing interest. [PAR] However his narrow escape from death in a house fire brought an anxious telegram from Clemmie. Winston invited her to Blenheim and as they took shelter from the rain in an ornamental Greek temple during an afternoon walk he proposed. She said yes. [PAR] Her engagement ring - a large ruby with two diamonds - was one of the three Winston\u2019s father had given his mother. [PAR] The engagement was announced on August 15 and the wedding set for less than a month later on September 12. [PAR] First though, Winston had to face Violet Asquith, the woman who was in love with him. She was on holiday with her family in Scotland and he ensured that she was told before the official announcement but still felt that he should speak to her face to face. [PAR] Sir Winston Churchill and his wife Clementine make their way to No 10 Downing Street [PAR] I do not love and never will love any woman in the world but you [PAR] Winston Churchill [PAR] A furious Clemmie threatened to break off their engagement but Winston insisted. Exactly what he said to Violet is unclear but she was distraught when he left and refused to attend the wedding. Days later she was found on a cliff path, having suffered a nervous breakdown. [PAR] As for Clemmie, Winston assured her: \u201cI do not love and never will love any woman in the world but you.\u201d [PAR] And right up to his death in 1965 he never did. [PAR] Related articles[DOC] [TLE] Clementine Churchill - Biography - IMDb Clementine Churchill - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Clementine Churchill [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (5) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] Clementine Ogilvy Hozier [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Clementine Churchill was born on April 1, 1885 in Mayfair, London, England as Clementine Ogilvy Hozier. She was married to Winston Churchill . She died on December 12, 1977 in Knightsbridge, London. [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 12 September 1908 - 24 January 1965) (his death) (5 children) [PAR] Trivia (5) [PAR] Grandmother of Winston Churchill , Celia Sandys , Arabella Churchill , and Nicholas Soames . [PAR] Mother-in-law of Pamela Harriman during her marriage to Randolph; Vic Oliver and Anthony Beauchamp during their marriages to Sarah; and Christopher Soames during his marriage to Mary. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Twenty years before the mast - Wikisource, the free online ... Twenty years before the mast - Wikisource, the free online library [PAR] Twenty years before the mast [PAR] From Wikisource [PAR] sister projects : data item . [PAR] 1309612Twenty years before the mastCharles Erskine1896 [PAR] I rejoice and am made glad; aye! and I thank God that in my day my country\u2019s flag, the Stars and Stripes, \"Old Glory,\" has been borne by brave men, north, south, east and west, and by them waved in as high an altitude as any nation\u2019s colors. [PAR] Mr. Charles Erskine,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I Never Forget a Face, But I\u2019ll Make an Exception in Your ... I Never Forget a Face, But I\u2019ll Make an Exception in Your Case | Quote Investigator [PAR] I Never Forget a Face, But I\u2019ll Make an Exception in Your Case [PAR] Groucho Marx? Alan Gale? Anonymous? [PAR] Dear Quote Investigator: When I am at a party I sometimes have trouble recalling the name of a person I have met before. But my recalcitrant memory has no difficulty remembering the line credited to Groucho Marx: [PAR] I never forget a face, but in your case I\u2019d be glad to make an exception. [PAR] When I performed a search I found some other versions: [PAR] I never forget a face, but I\u2019ll make an exception in your case. [PAR] I never forget a face\u2014but I\u2019m willing to make an exception in your case. [PAR] Is this a genuine Groucho joke or is it just a quip with a fake nose and glasses? [PAR] Quote Investigator: The earliest evidence known to QI all points to Groucho Marx as creator of this jape. The February 13, 1937 issue of \u201cThe Literary Digest\u201d published a piece about psychology and memory. Conventional advice givers have emphasized the desirability of memorization, but this article accentuated the practice of forgetting. The author mentioned the now classic joke credited to Groucho: 1 [PAR] It\u2019s the art of forgetting; and all it amounts to, really, is the reverse English of memory. In fact, some psychologists find it as important as the art of memory. [PAR] Groucho Marx facetiously shows how effective it can be in his gag: \u201cI never forget a face \u2014 but I\u2019m going to make an exception in your case!\u201d [PAR] A few days later, a columnist named E. V. Durling in the Washington Post presented the same joke with a variant wording and an ascription to Groucho. This citation was listed in the key reference \u201cThe Yale Book of Quotations\u201d: 2 3 [PAR] Groucho Marx. My nomination for Public Wisecracker No. 1. When and where was it Groucho said to somebody. \u201cI never forget a face\u2014but I\u2019m going to make an exception in your case.\u201d [PAR] Here are additional selected citations in chronological order. [PAR] The May 1941 issue of the mass-circulation Reader\u2019s Digest printed a more elaborate version of the joke supplied by a contributing writer named Hugh Pentecost. The context was specified and two lines of dialog were given: 4 [PAR] A celebrity hound approached Groucho Marx at a party. \u201cYou remember me, Mr. Marx. We met at the Glynthwaites\u2019 some months ago.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI never forget a face,\u201d Groucho replied, \u201cbut I\u2019ll make an exception in your case.\u201d [PAR] In 1941 and 1942 the Reader\u2019s Digest version of the anecdote was disseminated further in the \u201cThesaurus of Anecdotes\u201d edited by Edmund Fuller 5 and in newspapers such as the Lime Springs Herald of Iowa. 6 [PAR] In 1944 the quotation collector Bennett Cerf reminisced in the pages of \u201cThe Saturday Review\u201d about past shows by the Marx Brothers: 7 [PAR] The funniest lines usually fell to Groucho. He revived on the radio the other night his \u201cI never forget a face\u2014but I\u2019m willing to make an exception in your case.\u201d [PAR] In 1946 the comedian Joey Adams published \u201cFrom Gags to Riches\u201d which included a version of the quip that remarkably was credited to someone who was not Groucho: 8 [PAR] Alan Gale lets them have it with, \u201cI never forget a face, but in your case I\u2019ll make an exception.\u201d [PAR] In 1949 Life magazine described remarks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Straight Dope: What's the origin of \"ten-gallon hat\"? The Straight Dope: What's the origin of \"ten-gallon hat\"? [PAR] A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board [PAR] What's the origin of \"ten-gallon hat\"? [PAR] July 23, 2002 [PAR] Dear Straight Dope: [PAR] Why did cowboy hats come in \"gallon\" sizes? I assume that a \"10 gallon hat\" wouldn't hold 10 gallons of water. What gives? [PAR] \u2014 Mike \"Elvis\" Karnowski [PAR] Since I got some cowboy roots (my dad went to high school with Tony Lama in El Paso), I'll handle this. I went to a meeting recently with some New Mexico Department of Agriculture livestock inspectors, and all of 'em had cowboy hats. These are guys who get away with this, and they call me ma'am. It was intriguing to observe the etiquette of correct cowboy hat wearage--and tippage--throughout the day at this meeting. [PAR] According to the Shepler's Cowboy Hat Guide : \"When you take off your cowboy hat, always place it crown down (upside down). Otherwise the brim can begin to straighten and that will ruin the look of the hat.\" Sure enough, the ag guys all set their hats under their chairs, on their crowns. [PAR] More from Shepler: \"Do not interfere with anyone else's cowboy hat. A hat is a prized, personal possession, and should be treated with respect.\" [PAR] On a bet, I once crawled under the table in the college dining hall and stole a cowboy hat from under the chair of an Argentinian guy who lived in my dorm. Not funny. Murderous rage would be putting it lightly. Do not try this at home. [PAR] Back to the question. The Stetson company and Texas Bix Bender (who wrote Hats and the Cowboys Who Wear Them) say that \"ten-gallon\" refers to how much liquid (certainly not brains) such hats could carry in their crowns. This story is wrong. John Batterson Stetson (1830-1906), who is sometimes credited with inventing the cowboy hat, was from New Jersey. 'Nuff said. You'll also find the myth that ten-gallon hat referred to the unit of capacity in The Cowboy Encyclopedia by Dr. Richard W. Slatta. Slatta is from North Carolina. Uh huh. [PAR] So here is la pura verdad: \"Ten-gallon hat\" is the result of a linguistic mix-up. \"Gal\u00f3n\" is the Spanish word for \"braid.\" Some vaqueros wore as many as ten braided hatbands on their sombreros, and those were called \"ten gal\u00f3n hats.\" English speakers heard gallon. Real cowboy hats came to Texas from the Spanish via Mexico (unless you want to go all the way back to Genghis Khan and the Mongolian horsemen, who apparently wore something similar). [PAR] Stewart, who runs a hat store in my town, showed me an astonishing array of cowboy hats varying in brim size and bend, top creases and crown size. The biggest ones are 7 inches high, and--sorry, Stewart--they are way goofy-looking. About the only guys I could see wearing these would be those nerds who re-enact gunfights in Old Town. Stewart wouldn't let me pour water into a hat, so we used anasazi pinto beans to discover that the largest-crowned cowboy hat would carry less than 4 gallons. Stewart says the tall-crowned hats became popular when movie stars of B-Westerns in the 20s and 30s wore them to make themselves look taller (Tom Mix was only 5'6\"). [PAR] Like many people (except those dreamy livestock inspectors), I like cowboy hats but look terrible in them myself. I've only started wearing a cowboy hat again recently, because my children are finally old enough to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hissem_ Fitzurse Family Hissem_Fitzurse Family [PAR] The Hissem-Montague Family [PAR] Home | Gernet Forebears | In England | Heesom in America | Heysham in America | Other English Colonies | Montague Family | Other Family's | Links [PAR] The FitzUrse Family [PAR] The name means 'son of the bear.' The earliest members of this family are unknown, but it is assumed that a Hastings veteran nicknamed Ursa, \"bear,\" founded the clan. The Family Arms: A bear sable, sometimes depicted as three bears on an argent field. [PAR] (2) Ursa (c1050) [PAR] Urso, Ours. The progenitor of the family. He had, under the Conqueror, held Grittleston in Wiltshire, of the Abbey of Glastonbury. [PAR] (3) Richard Fitzurse (c1090) [PAR] Ricardus filius Ursi. There may be an intervening generation, the genealogies disagree. He became possessed in the reign of Stephen of the manor of Willeton in Somersetshire, which descended to his son (?), Reginald. He also held Barham court in Kent and was tenant in chief in Northamptonshire. Specifically, he held Bulwick in Northamptonshire. [PAR] Richard married Matilda [Maude] de Boulers de Aubigny. She was born in about 1097, the daughter of Baldwin de Boulers [Bollers, Boullers, Bouliers], the Lord of Montgomery, and Sibyl de Falaise. Matilda had a sister, Hillaria, who died sine prole. I don't know if this is important, but I'll leave it here for now. [PAR] Baldwin de Boulers [PAR] His surname is sometimes rendered Bollers, Bullers, Bulers, or Boullers. Baldwin was a younger son of Stephen, Baron of Boulers [Boelare], in Flanders, and a member of the First Crusade. The barony of Boelare was comprised of 16 villages southwest of Brussels. [PAR] Alternately his father was Hamon De Aubigny, Lord Belers, of Derbyshire, England. Hamon's father was Nele de Aubigny, who was born in Aubigny, Normandy. Robert and Sampson Belers De Aubigney, born between 1146 and 1148 in Ketelby Belers were Baldwin\ufffds brothers. In this scenario the Boulers in the name appears to refer to a manor they held, i.e. \"de\" Ketelby Bellars. [PAR] Baldwin held Montgomery, a motte and bailey castle, on the marches of Wales. This castle had originally been built by Earl Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, and companion of the Conqueror. Upon the rebellion of his son, in favor of Duke Robert of Normandy, the castle was confiscated by Henry I and later granted it to Baldwin in free marriage with Sibyl de Falaise. \"Free marriage\" indicates that no service, or fee, was required as a condition of tenure. Today's Montgomery castle is a later construction. The old castle is now known as Hen Domen and is nothing more than an earthen eminence. The town today is known as Trefaldwyn, Welsh for \"Baldwin's town.\" [PAR] Baldwin married Sibyl de Falaise, who was either the neice, nepos, or the illegitimate daughter of Henry I and Isabella Corbet. Other sources show Sibyl's father as William Falaise, which is so much less exciting. One source claims the couple married in Falaise, Calvados, France in 1094. See the Mowbray family page for more about her descent. [PAR] After Sibyl's death, Baldwin married Margaret de Limesi [Lymeseye]. Their children were Stephen, Almeric [I think], Galfridus, Margaret [d.s.p.] and Sibil, who married into the de Stanton family. Stephen, sometimes referred to as Baldwin's stepson, inherited the Honor and castle of Montgomery. Stephen was slain by Llywelyn ap Madog of Powys in 1152 [or 1162] and the lordship of Montgomery passed to Almeric de Boulers. Upon his death in 1176 it passed to Stephen's son, Robert de Bollers. Robert married, but had no surviving children. He died"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Department of Agriculture | Brucellosis Department of Agriculture | Brucellosis [PAR] Facts about Brucellosis [PAR] What is brucellosis? [PAR] It is a contagious, costly disease of ruminant animals that also affects humans. Although brucellosis can attack other animals, its main threat is to cattle, bison, and swine. The disease is also known as contagious abortion or Bang's disease. In humans, it's known as undulant fever because of the severe intermittent fever accompanying human infection or Malta fever because it was first recognized as a human disease on the island of Malta. [PAR] How serious is brucellosis? [PAR] Considering the damage done by the infection in animals-decreased milk production, weight loss in animals, loss of young, infertility, and lameness, it is one of the most serious diseases of livestock. The rapidity with which it spreads and the fact that it is transmissible to humans makes it all the more serious. [PAR] What disease agents cause brucellosis? [PAR] The disease is caused by a group of bacteria known scientifically as the genus Brucella. Three species of Brucella cause the most concern: B. abortus, principally affecting cattle and bison; B. suis, principally affecting swine and reindeer but also cattle and bison; and B. melitensis, principally affecting goats but not present in the United States. In cattle and bison, the disease currently localizes in the reproductive organs and/or the udder. Bacteria are shed in milk or via the aborted fetus, afterbirth, or other reproductive tract discharges. [PAR] What are the signs of brucellosis? [PAR] There is no effective way to detect infected animals by their appearance. The most obvious signs in pregnant animals are abortion or birth of weak calves. Milk production may be reduced from changes in the normal lactation period caused by abortions and delayed conceptions. Not all infected cows abort, but those that do usually abort between the fifth and seventh month of pregnancy. Infected cows usually abort once, but a percentage will abort during additional pregnancies, and calves born from later pregnancies may be weak and unhealthy. Even though their calves may appear healthy, infected cows continue to harbor and discharge infectious organisms and should be regarded as dangerous sources of the disease. Other signs of brucellosis include an apparent lowering of fertility with poor conception rates, retained afterbirths with resulting uterine infections, and (occasionally) enlarged, arthritic joints. [PAR] How is brucellosis spread? [PAR] Brucellosis is commonly transmitted to susceptible animals by direct contact with infected animals or with an environment that has been contaminated with discharges from infected animals. Aborted fetuses, placental membranes or fluids, and other vaginal discharges present after an infected animal has aborted or calved are all highly contaminated with infectious Brucellaorganisms. Cows may lick those materials or the genital area of other cows or ingest the disease-causing organisms with contaminated food or water. Despite occasional exceptions, the general rule is that brucellosis is carried from one herd to another by an infected or exposed animal. This mode of transmission occurs when a herd owner buys replacement cattle or bison that are infected or have been exposed to infection prior to purchase. The disease may also be spread when wild animals or animals from an affected herd mingle with brucellosis-free herds. [PAR] What is being done to fight brucellosis? [PAR] Before 1934, control of brucellosis was limited mainly to individual herds. Today, there is a Cooperative State Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program to eliminate the disease from the country. Like other animal disease-eradication efforts, success of the program depends on the support and participation of livestock producers. The program's Uniform Methods and Rules set forth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What happened to Nationwide's Michael Barratt? | Celebrity ... What happened to Nationwide's Michael Barratt? | Celebrity News | Showbiz & TV | Daily Express [PAR] CELEBRITY NEWS [PAR] What happened to Nationwide's Michael Barratt? [PAR] MICHAEL BARRATT anchored the evening news programme Nationwide from 1969 to 1977 and also worked on current affairs shows Panorama and 24 Hours. [PAR] 11:00, Sat, Sep 21, 2013 [PAR] 15th October 1970: Michael Barratt, presenter of BBC1's popular 'Nationwide' [GETTY] [PAR] Leeds\u2013born Michael, 85, who has six children from his first marriage, lives in Berkshire with his second wife, former Nationwide presenter Dilys Morgan, with whom he has three children. He now runs a media consultancy business and has just completed his autobiography. [PAR] \"I started work during the war aged 16 as a tea\u2013boy at The Sunday Mail in Glasgow. [PAR] A year later, I became assistant sports editor and I progressed from there rising through the ranks with various newspapers and moving on every two years to try something new. [PAR] \"In 1956, I answered an advert to run a newspaper in Nigeria. It was a challenge working with people from different tribes while teaching them simultaneously. [PAR] \"A district official asked me to start a weekly radio discussion show to help Nigerians understand Westminster\u2013style government as the country was moving towards independence. [PAR] \"Radio was new to me, but I did it and liked it. When I returned to England a year later I began writing news scripts for the African Department of the BBC World Service and reporting for a Midlands newspaper. [PAR] \"I started in TV as a BBC reporter on Midlands Today, which went so well that I gave up the newspaper job. [PAR] \"Working on that show was a huge learning curve and it led to my big break when I was asked to provide a one\u2013minute report for Panorama on the effects of the Profumo scandal on the grass\u2013root Tories in the Midlands. [PAR] \"I was terrified because Panorama was the flagship news programme. I became a reporter on Panorama with the great Richard Dimbleby and he was the king. He taught me the basics: get your facts right and learn them. [PAR] \"I spent two years on Panorama and then I set up 24 Hours with Cliff Michelmore and Kenneth Allsop, first as a reporter and then as presenter. [PAR] Nationwide, which went out after the early\u2013evening news, was extraordinary because we had 11 million viewers and it became a viewer\u2013driven programme with story ideas regularly coming from them [PAR] \"Nationwide, which went out after the early\u2013evening news, was extraordinary because we had 11 million viewers and it became a viewer\u2013driven programme with story ideas regularly coming from them. [PAR] \"The show understood the great strengths of regional loyalty and accents, so the regions became well\u2013known and f\u00eated. [PAR] \"I stayed longer on Nationwide than anything else I've done and it's also where I met Dilys who was a presenter. But after nine years, I felt it was time for a new challenge. [PAR] I'd presented Songs Of Praise and Gardeners' Question Time and I wanted to start my own business so I began making corporate videos. [PAR] \"My business today includes training people in business, media coaching, public speaking and chairing conferences. [PAR] \"I also write books \u2013 seven so far on golf, gardening, retirement and my new book, Mr Nationwide is a postscript to my autobiography, which I wrote when I was 48. [PAR] \"Although Dilys and I live quietly together on the Thames riverbank, our special treat is when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. On which Liverpool street are the Philharmonic pub, the ... 1. On which Liverpool street are the Philharmonic pub, the Casa bar and the Everyman Theatre? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] News Opinion [PAR] 1. On which Liverpool street are the Philharmonic pub, the Casa bar and the Everyman Theatre? [PAR] 2. Who presented a TV series in 2008 in which he visited each of the US states? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. Who presented a TV series in 2008 in which he visited each of the US states? [PAR] 3. Who has presented Give Us A Clue, Child\u2019s Play and Crackerjack? [PAR] 4. Name the game show, presented by Leslie Grantham and Melinda Messenger, where contestants were set physical and mental challenges? [PAR] 5. Who wrote Twenty Years Before The Mast? [PAR] 6. Who said \u2018I never forget a face, but in your case I'll be glad to make an exception\u2019? [PAR] 7. Winston Churchill married Clementine in 1908. What was her maiden name? [PAR] 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton ? [PAR] 9. Who said \u2018Bigamy is having one husband too many, monogamy is the same\u2019? [PAR] 10. What procedure removes the threat of brucellosis from milk? [PAR] ANSWER: 1. Hope Street; 2. Stephen Fry; 3. Michael Aspel; 4. Ford Boyard; 5. Charles Erskine 6. Groucho Marx; 7. Hozier; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Erica Jong; 10. Pasteurisation [PAR] Like us on Facebook"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Aspel - UKGameshows Michael Aspel - UKGameshows [PAR] Michael Aspel [PAR] Ultra Quiz [PAR] Biography [PAR] Michael Aspel began his career as a radio actor on the BBC's Children's Hour in 1954. He became a television and radio personality, first as a newsreader and subsequently as a presenter of programmes including Family Favourites, children's shows such as Crackerjack and Ask Aspel, and the ITV talk show Aspel and Co. [PAR] He presented This is Your Life for many years on the BBC, and fronted The Antiques Roadshow for eight years before stepping down in 2008. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] He once appeared in Hancock's Half Hour - or rather, Hancock, as it then was (having been shortened to 25 minutes in the hope of selling the show to the USA). He had a brief cameo as an announcer on Tony Hancock's television in the 1961 episode \"Hancock Alone\" (a.k.a. \"The Bedsitter\"). Aspel also appeared as himself in one episode of \"The Goodies\", namely 'Kitten Kong', in which he was reporting the giant kitten's destructive antics for the BBC News, before being knocked down by said kitten. [PAR] Aspel was awarded the O.B.E. in 1993. [PAR] He was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in 2004. [PAR] He inherited not one but two of his most famous hosting roles from Eamonn Andrews - Crackerjack in 1968, and This is Your Life after Andrews' sudden death in 1987. Although he did not actually host the former immediately after Andrews' departure - Leslie Crowther did so in the interim (1964-68). [PAR] He turned down the opportunity to host Countdown after Des Lynam quit. [PAR] Books / Tapes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrapheap Challenge Episode Guide and Episode List - TV ... Scrapheap Challenge Episode Guide and Episode List - TV Guide UK TV Listings [PAR] [PAR] Season 1 Episode 1 [PAR] Siege Engine Robert Llewellyn looks on as two more teams grapple with spanners and welders to construct a medieval catapult which they will then use to destroy the opposition's castle [PAR] [PAR] Season 1 Episode 2 [PAR] Power Pullers Robert Llewellyn looks on as two teams grapple with spanners and welders to construct a high-powered tractor [PAR] [PAR] Season 1 Episode 3 [PAR] Sub Aqua Two teams try to build a one-man diving apparatus - and to prove that it works, they are asked to retrieve sunken treasure from the bottom of a 20ft tank [PAR] [PAR] Season 1 Episode 4 [PAR] Off-Road Buggies Two teams are challenged to build a one-man vehicle capable of driving on an off-road track, using only scrapyard junk [PAR] [PAR] Season 1 Episode 6 [PAR] Rockets Robert Llewellyn presides as teams are challenged to build a pair of rockets capable of carrying a fragile payload to the greatest height and bringing it back to Earth intact [PAR] [PAR] Season 2 Episode 1 [PAR] Flying Machines Cambridge therapists The Brainy Bunch and Peterborough washing machine repairmen In a Spin go head to head to create flying machines. Robert Llewellyn and Cathy Rogers present [PAR] [PAR] Season 2 Episode 2 [PAR] Cannon Robert Llewellyn and Cathy Rogers oversee proceedings as teams compete to build a cannon powerful and accurate enough to hit a target at 150m [PAR] [PAR] Season 2 Episode 3 [PAR] Amphibious Vehicle The Navy take on the bike-crazy Bodgers in a bid to design and build an amphibious car. Robert Llewellyn and Cathy Rogers present [PAR] [PAR] Season 2 Episode 4 [PAR] Land Yachts A team of bikers take on a group of power tool designers, competing to build the fastest and strongest land yacht using only materials available in the junkyard. Robert Llewellyn presents and referees as the two machines prove their worth during a race across a windswept Kent beach [PAR] [PAR] Season 2 Episode 5 [PAR] Mileage Marathon Washing-machine repair men and London bikers build vehicles that can travel as far as possible on a coffee cup full of petrol, as they compete for a place in the final [PAR] [PAR] Season 2 Episode 6 [PAR] Marine Salvage Contestants are challenged to build a salvage vehicle capable of retrieving a Mini from the bottom of a lake - a task which sees both teams excel themselves by employing a combination of determination and co-operation [PAR] [PAR] Season 2 Episode 7 [PAR] Final - Walking Machine The teams are challenged to create walking machines, and then use them to negotiate an obstacle course. Presented by Robert Llewellyn and Cathy Rogers [PAR] [PAR] Season 3 Episode 1 [PAR] Wall Demolisher Robert Llewellyn looks on as three bikers from North Yorkshire take on three surfer dudes from Cornwall in a race to construct a machine capable of demolishing sections of industrial outbuildings at a disused power station, using nothing but scrapyard junk [PAR] [PAR] Season 3 Episode 2 [PAR] Aerial Bomber A trinity of trainee reverends take on a 71-year-old woman, her son and his friend, vying to build a radio-controlled aircraft capable of dropping paint bombs on a giant target. Robert Llewellyn and Lisa Rogers preside over the mayhem [PAR] [PAR] Season 3 Episode 3 [PAR] Submarine Robert Llewellyn and Cathy Rogers preside as computer buffs the Nerds and Scottish engineers the Dipsticks accept the challenge of building a craft"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] News Archive - UKGameshows News Archive - UKGameshows [PAR] News Archive [PAR] Old news stories are archived here. See the main page for the latest news. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 2016 [PAR] 16 September You're Hired in the Firing Line Mr. Gilbert [PAR] Rhod Gilbert has been announced as the new host of The Apprentice spin-off programme You're Fired! after Jack Dee fired himself from the BBC2 vehicle after only one series. Romesh Ranganathan, who was a regular panellist in the last series will not return due to scheduling conflicts. [PAR] 13 September We've had the most amazing time on Bake Off [PAR] Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins have announced that they will not follow The Great British Bake Off to Channel 4. They will step down as hosts after the current series on the BBC. Mel and Sue said in a statement: \"We made no secret of our desire for the show to remain where it was... we're not going with the dough.\" [PAR] 12 September Bake Off Off [PAR] The BBC has lost the rights to show The Great British Bake Off after the current series and Christmas specials. The exceedingly popular show will move to Channel 4, after Love Productions turned down the BBC's final offer. It's not immediately clear if any of its stars will leave. [PAR] 22 August BLANK Me One More Time [PAR] More information about the Blankety Blank revival has been revealed as David Walliams will host a Christmas special of the cult game show. According to the Daily Mirror, the Christmas special will be a trial for a full series, which is quite similar to how the Lily Savage era went. [PAR] 19 August Deal Me Out [PAR] Channel 4 announced today that Deal or No Deal has been axed after being on the screens for 11 years and airing over 3,000 episodes. The final series will air in autumn 2016. [PAR] 15 August ReBLANKED [PAR] A piece in the Sunday People claimed that ITV wanted to make another series of Blankety Blank . We've not been able to confirm that ITV has commissioned a series, as the broadcaster has not commented on the speculation. [PAR] 1 June Meet the new judges, same as the old judges [PAR] Louis Walsh ! Sharon Osbourne! Simon Cowell ! Nicole Scherzinger! The judging panel for The X Factor has been announced, and the names have bags of experience. With Dermot O'Leary back as host, this year's show takes us back to the glory days of 2013, and with no Gary Barlow. [PAR] 5 May CJ de Mooi on the move again [PAR] CJ de Mooi will leave the Eggheads panel and move to South Africa. CJ, one of the original Eggheads, left the programme between 2012 and 2014. He will be replaced by two new Eggheads who will be found in a televised quiz. [PAR] 6 April Coach Trip Rolls onto E4 [PAR] Coach Trip is heading for a new destination by moving to E4. The series which sees tour guide Brendan Sheerin overseeing a couples tour of Europe, with the least popular couple voted off at the end of each day, has aired on and off for 11 years on Channel 4. The new series will consist of thirty half-hour episodes, and will air later in the year. [PAR] 5 April Cheryl has The Exit Factor [PAR] Cheryl Fernandez-Versini has quit The X Factor . The singer first appeared as a judge between 2008-10, before returning for the 2014-5 series. The former Popstars: The Rivals contestant has chosen to leave to focus on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kirstie's my 'other wife', says Phil: Location, Location ... Kirstie Allsopp's my 'other wife', says Phil Spencer: Location, Location, Location presenters speak of their close relationship | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] They bicker like a married couple on their TV show. [PAR] Now Location, Location, Location presenter Phil Spencer has revealed he and Kirstie Allsopp are so close that he calls her his \u2018other wife\u2019. [PAR] The 44-year-old - who has co-hosted Channel 4 property show Location, Location, Location with Miss Allsopp for 13 years - said they are so close his children are used to having a secondary mother figure in their lives. [PAR] Close: Phil Spencer revealed that he refers to Location, Location, Location co-star Kirstie Allsopp 'my other wife' [PAR] But despite being asked constantly whether they are romantically linked, he insisted they have nothing but a \u2018natural, platonic friendship\u2019 between them. [PAR] The married father-of-two told the Daily Mail: \u2018I refer to her as \u201cMy other wife\u201d or \u201cMy TV wife\u201d. \u2018It\u2019s something our partners and indeed our children have always had in their lives, and that they are completely fine with. [PAR] \u2018My boys know exactly who Kirstie is and what we do together. They are fine with it because it\u2019s always been there, they don\u2019t know anything different.\u2019 [PAR] Mr Spencer has sons Jake, nine, and Ben, six, with his Australian wife Fiona, 45. [PAR] Miss Allsopp, 42, also has sons Bay, seven, and Oscar, five, with her partner, property developer Ben Andersen, 52. [PAR] But despite the similarity in their children\u2019s ages, Mr Spencer said they rarely mix their two families as one group. [PAR] He said: \u2018I\u2019ve visited Kirstie\u2019s house in Devon lots, but we draw the line at going on holiday together. [PAR] \u2018To be honest, we spend so much time away from our families working, when it comes to having a chance to be at home we grab that.\u2019 [PAR] In 2012, Miss Allsopp jokingly revealed she had been attracted to her TV co-star in the past. [PAR] 'Natural, platonic'L Mr Spencer insisted that, despite their good working relationship, there is no romantic link between him and Miss Allsopp [PAR] However, he denied being attracted to her, saying: \u2018My wife is very tall, slim and blonde and Kirstie is about the polar opposite.\u2019 [PAR] He said: \u2018There is no truth in the rumours we once dated. Over the years I\u2019ve been asked that question countless times. [PAR] \u2018I got a Tweet over Christmas from someone saying, \u201cOh my God, I just found out Kirstie and Phil aren\u2019t together. It\u2019s like finding out Santa Claus doesn\u2019t exist all over again\u201d. [PAR] \u2018But it\u2019s a very natural, platonic relationship. Perhaps people aren\u2019t accustomed to seeing that, because it can be unusual for men and women to be nothing more than friends.\u2019 [PAR] He added: \u2018Kirstie and I met on the screen test for Location, Location, Location. We got to know one another and became friends while making the show. [PAR] \u2018People watched that happen on TV very genuinely and very gradually. [PAR] \u2018We became very comfortable with one another and then the relationship developed. Once we were firm friends we started to wind each other up. [PAR] \u2018It is slightly odd how much we enjoy working together, We don\u2019t get sick of each other. We both feel very lucky. We get on famously, even though we\u2019re very different.\u2019 [PAR] Mr Spencer and Miss Allsopp spent half the year filming together, and the other half working on independent projects through their jointly owned production company. [PAR] He is currently"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myleene Klass reveals Royal admirer's backstage quip ... Myleene Klass reveals Royal admirer's backstage quip: Prince Philip told me: You're fit, aren't you! | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Myleene Klass reveals Royal admirer's backstage quip: Prince Philip told me: You're fit, aren't you! [PAR] Her enviable figure has helped to win her television stardom, a lucrative modelling contract with Marks & Spencer \u2013 and a host of admirers. [PAR] And now it seems Myleene Klass\u2019s charms have earned Royal approval too. [PAR] The 30-year-old star has revealed she inspired a strange, off-the-cuff compliment from the Duke of Edinburgh at a Royal Variety Performance. [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] Myleene has become a household name and not only for her TV work but also as a model for M&S [PAR] The classically trained pianist and Prince Philip, 87, came face to face after she performed solo on the piano at the annual extravaganza in 2003. [PAR] The musician and TV presenter said: \u2018In the line-up afterwards, Prince Philip said to me, 'You\u2019re fit, aren\u2019t you?' I fell about laughing!\u2019 [PAR] It appears that Myleene may have caught his eye after suffering a wardrobe malfunction while walking to the piano. [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] Myleene soon regained her figure - which we all saw on I'm A Celebrity when she took THAT shower- after having her daugher Ava [PAR] She said: \u2018I was on stage and my cloak was so heavy that when I stopped walking it took me with it and I spun round like Wonderwoman and fell over in front of everyone.\u2019 [PAR] She described the slip as the \u2018worst moment\u2019 in her career as she knew the Queen was also watching. [PAR] It was Myleene\u2019s second appearance on the Royal Variety Performance, having performed with Hear\u2019Say, the pop group founded from reality television show Popstars in 2001. [PAR] She ran into Prince Philip in that year too, accidentally prodding him with her microphone. [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] Myleene started out as part of Hear'Say but when the group disbanded in 2002 we didn't hear from her again until I'm A Celebrity [PAR] Myleene had some solo success in the classical music world after Hear\u2019Say disbanded in 2002, but her real break came after her stint on ITV\u2019s jungle reality show, I\u2019m A Celebrity . . . Get Me Out Of Here! [PAR] On the 2006 programme, Myleene showered in a waterfall in a skimpy white bikini. Her figure impressed M&S bosses so much that she was hired to model swimwear. [PAR] Last December, she became the presenter of Channel 4\u2019s makeover show 10 Years Younger."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Ask the Family 1978 - YouTube BBC Ask the Family 1978 - YouTube [PAR] BBC Ask the Family 1978 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 15, 2013 [PAR] Episode of the classic quiz show. Pollick v Buswell, with Robert Robinson in the chair. Broadcast 9 January 1978 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presenter - Countdown - Main Page - Countdown Presenter - Countdown [PAR] Presenter [PAR] Richard Whiteley presented almost 4000 episodes. [PAR] A presenter is a professional TV personality that presents Countdown . There have been 5 major presenters in the history of Countdown, Carol Vorderman , Richard Whiteley , Des Lynam , Des O'Connor and Jeff Stelling . Nick Hewer became the sixth host in 2012 [PAR] Carol presented every episode, except for a few early episodes when the role of number-checker was split between her and Linda Barrett , and a Christmas special where she was a contestant against Richard Whiteley. Her job was to put up and announce the letters after the contestants requests them. She also wrote down the solutions to the numbers games and often showed the correct solution if the contestants could not solve it. Until 1989, Carol handled the numbers game only, with other hostesses, mainly Cathy Hytner , running the letters game, but latterly she did both. Since the death of Richard, she also introduced the guests instead of Des doing it. She parted company with the show at the end of 2008. [PAR] Richard Whiteley, Des Lynam, Des O'Connor and Jeff Stelling have all played the role of Countdown host. Their job is to link between Dictionary Corner and the contestants, by first prompting which contestant is to choose the letters or the numbers, then starting the clock, then asking the contestants for their words or solutions before finally throwing to Dictionary Corner to see if the words are valid. They have five minutes at the beginning of the show, often to read out a poem or a joke, and they also read out the two Teatime Teasers around the breaks. Richard hosted the show between 1982 and 2005, presenting 3959 episodes before he passed away. Des Lynam took over in 2005 and only hosted 303 episodes. Des O'Connor then took over in 2007 and hosted 470 episodes. Jeff Stelling took over in 2009, presenting nearly 700 episodes. Nick Hewer took over from Stelling in 2012, and has presented over 900 episode so far."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK Game Show Records - UKGameshows UK Game Show Records - UKGameshows [PAR] UK Game Show Records [PAR] This Good Game Guide lists various UK game show records. If you have a question that you think should be included, feel free to contact us . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 7.1 Highest rated game show [PAR] Firsts [PAR] First UK-produced radio game show: The oldest show for which we have a listing is the write-in quiz What's Wrong with This? from 1925. The earliest we know of with actual on-air contestants is Inter Regional Spelling Competition, broadcast on the BBC Regional Service on 25 November 1937. [PAR] First TV game show: Spelling Bee , shown by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) on 31st May 1938, transmitted live from Alexandra Palace. [PAR] First TV game show offering cash prizes: Take Your Pick , broadcast on 23rd September 1955 by Associated-Rediffusion. [PAR] Broadcasting records [PAR] Longest running [PAR] Longest-running game show (TV): This used to be an easy one to call, as Come Dancing enjoyed such a head start that even after it ended, it took a very long time for other long-runners to catch up. However, as that show didn't have a made-for-TV competition format for its first couple of years (it covered existing contests, but didn't stage its own), we can now declare it officially overtaken, by not one but two shows: A Question of Sport and University Challenge . [PAR] Which of those is the actual longest-running, depends on how you measure it. Counting only the periods when they ran as regular series, University Challenge (21/9/62 to 3/9/87 and 21/9/94 to present) beats A Question of Sport (5/1/70 to present), but if you count AQoS from its regional pilot (2/12/68) then it has the upper hand. Though if you consider the UC revival to have begun with the 1992 special, then University Challenge takes the lead again. It's a big can of worms, but two things we can say for certain are that AQoS has the longest continuous period in regular production, while UC has aired new episodes in the most different calendar years; 2016 was its fiftieth (while \"only\" the 48th for AQoS). [PAR] All-time longest-running game show (radio): Round Britain Quiz has run continuously since 1947. [PAR] Longest-running game show broadcast in UK (TV): Technically, it's A Song for Europe , which first aired in 1957, and annually between 1959 and 2010 (sometimes under different titles). The Eurovision Song Contest has been broadcast annually since 1956, but is not usually a UK production. [PAR] Most episodes produced: Countdown aired its 6000th episode on 5 September 2014, and is still going strong with around 250 new episodes each year. [PAR] Shortest running [PAR] All-time shortest-running game show (TV): Aside from intentional one-offs, ITV Play 's The Debbie King Show started and ended on Monday 5th March 2007. [PAR] Exports [PAR] Most successful UK format export: Who Wants to be a Millionaire? has been licensed to at least 107 territories including Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, the Caribbean, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Middle East, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam. The Weakest Link is not far behind with at least 98 territories licensed. [PAR] Hosts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Ingram | Who Wants To Be A Millionaire Wiki ... Charles Ingram | Who Wants To Be A Millionaire Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Who Wants To Be A Millionaire Wiki [PAR] 15 & 18 September, 2001 (original) [PAR] 21 April, 2003 (first broadcast) [PAR] Money won [PAR] \u00a31,000,000 (later stripped) [PAR] Charles Ingram, a former British Army major from Derbyshire, was a contestant on series 10 of the UK version of the show on the shows scheduled for broadcast on 15 & 18 September, 2001. After originally winning \u00a31,000,000, the prize was cancelled after it was revealed that he had cheated his way through most of the questions. As a result, the episodes that he appeared in were not actually broadcast until 21 April, 2003. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Put these words in the order they occur in the title of the Agatha Christie thriller. [PAR] \u2022 A: Nile [PAR] \u2022 C: Death [PAR] \u2022 D: The [PAR] From the 8 remaining contestants, 7 got it right, but Charles (with a time of 3.97 seconds) was the fastest to correctly answer C-B-D-A, making it into the Hot Seat. [PAR] Charles's Run to the Million [PAR] Edit [PAR] On the first night of his game, when he got into the hot seat, he got through the first four questions without using any lifelines. On the fifth question, he still didn't use a lifeline, but took a while to answer. On both questions 6 and 7, he used a lifeline on each of them. He used two of his lifelines early on. After 7 questions, he won \u00a34,000 but then the show ran out of time, so he had to return the next day to continue. [PAR] \u00a3100 (1 of 15) - Not Timed [PAR] On which of these would you air laundry? [PAR] \u2022 A: Clothes dog [PAR] \u2022 D: Clothes pig [PAR] \u00a3200 (2 of 15) - Not Timed [PAR] What name is given to a person who is against increasing the powers of the European Union? [PAR] \u2022 A: Eurosceptic [PAR] \u00a3300 (3 of 15) - Not Timed [PAR] What is butterscotch? [PAR] \u00a3500 (4 of 15) - Not Timed [PAR] Which of these is the nickname for a famous Scottish army regiment? [PAR] \u2022 A: Black Cat [PAR] \u00a31,000 (5 of 15) - Not Timed [PAR] The Normans, who invaded and conquered England in 1066, spoke which language? [PAR] \u2022 A: German [PAR] \u00a32,000 (6 of 15) - Not Timed [PAR] In 'Coronation Street', who is Audrey's daughter? [PAR] \u2022 D: Sally [PAR] Ask the Audience Results: A: 4% \u2022 B: 89% \u2022 C: 3% \u2022 D: 4% [PAR] Charles did not know, so he used his first lifeline, He asked the audience , which gave a resounding 4-89-3-4 vote. Charles went with the audience, and won \u00a32,000. [PAR] \u00a34,000 (7 of 15) - Not Timed [PAR] The River Foyle is found in which part of the United Kingdom? [PAR] \u2022 C: Northern Ireland [PAR] \u2022 D: Wales [PAR] Charles did not know, so he decided to phone his friend Gerald, who was 99% sure it was Northern Ireland. He went with him and won \u00a34,000. Then, the klaxon called time and Charles would return on \u00a34,000 with 1 lifeline still available. [PAR] Having watched and recorded several episode of Who Wants to be a Millionaire? , the Millionaire team thought that if you used two of your lifelines by the end of the night, you've usually struggled up to that point and you're expected to last only a couple of questions and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eggheads - UKGameshows Eggheads - UKGameshows [PAR] Eggheads [PAR] Jeremy Vine (in rotation with Murnaghan 2008-15, main host 2015-) [PAR] Co-hosts [PAR] CJ De Mooi (2003-12, 2014-), [PAR] Barry Simmons (2008-), [PAR] Lisa Thiel (2014-) [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] 12 Yard for BBC One, 10 November 2003 to 16 December 2004 (63 episodes in 2 series) [PAR] 12 Yard for BBC Two, 23 May 2005 to present [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Typical 12-Yard fare, five amateur quizzers take on five quiz professionals in a big money quiz. [PAR] In the first four rounds the challengers are given a category and must decide which one of them will take it and which of the Eggheads they want to take on. Each Egghead normally has some kind of weakness, so boning up by watching past episodes is a must. [PAR] \"...That's the way we all became The Brady Bunch.\" [PAR] Top: Chris, CJ; Middle: Barry, Pat, Judith; Bottom: Daphne, Kevin. [PAR] Because there is to be no conferring, the selected players are moved to a separate \"question room\" and are shown on a large screen behind the rest of the team. Each person is fired three multiple choice questions and whoever gets the most correct wins the duel. In the case of a tie, sudden death non-choice questions are asked until there is a winner. Losing the duel means not being involved in the all important final round. [PAR] The options appear on screen. This question asked which band recorded the album \"Through the Barricades\". [PAR] The prizemoney increases \u00a31,000 every day the Eggheads aren't beaten in the final round. All losing duelists are banished to the \"question room\" and appear on the large screen behind the rest of the players. The remains of each team are now asked three multiple-choice questions as before but now they can confer with anyone left in the game. (A brief series of 45-minute editions shown in 2005 had five questions per team in this final round, which helps to stretch out the show, but does add to the ever-increasing roster of shows which have this exact format for the final.) Again, ties are broken by non-choiced sudden death questions. If the challengers win then they win the Jackpot. If the Eggheads win then their reputation stays intact. [PAR] The progress of this round is summarised over a wide shot of the studio. [PAR] The production team have come under fire from many in the quizzing community over the vetting of contestants. Anyone who sounds as though they might be a 'professional quizzer' seems to be vetted in favour of the average pub team who doesn't try out for many television programmes. Whilst this does make a slight mockery of the \"can nobody beat these Eggheads\" idea, it does turn the show into an intellectual version of Gladiators which for some is where its strength lies. [PAR] Catchphrase [PAR] Dermot to the Eggheads: \"You're playing for something money can't buy - the Eggheads' reputation.\" [PAR] \"Can nobody beat these Eggheads?\" [PAR] Inventor [PAR] 12 Yard format [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The record win is \u00a375,000, won by a team of five Oxford Brookes University students called \"Beer Today, Gone Tomorrow\". [PAR] Jade Goody once appeared with a team from her beauty salon, and through a series of lucky guesses managed to singlehandedly take the Eggheads to sudden death in the final round. [PAR] Merchandise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First successful cloning of a mammal - Jul 05, 1996 ... First successful cloning of a mammal - Jul 05, 1996 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First successful cloning of a mammal [PAR] Share this: [PAR] First successful cloning of a mammal [PAR] Author [PAR] First successful cloning of a mammal [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1996, Dolly the sheep\u2013the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell\u2013is born at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. [PAR] Originally code-named \u201c6LL3,\u201d the cloned lamb was named after the buxom singer and actress Dolly Parton. The name was reportedly suggested by one of the stockmen who assisted with her birth, after he learned that the animal was cloned from a mammary cell. The cells had been taken from the udder of a six-year-old ewe and cultured in a lab using microscopic needles, in a method first used in human fertility treatments in the 1970s. After producing a number of normal eggs, scientists implanted them into surrogate ewes; 148 days later one of them gave birth to Dolly. [PAR] Dolly\u2019s birth was announced publicly in February 1997 to a storm of controversy. On one hand, supporters argued that cloning technology can lead to crucial advances in medicine, citing the production of genetically modified animals to be organ donors for humans as well as \u201ctherapeutic\u201d cloning, or the process of cloning embryos in order to collect stem cells for use in the development of treatments for degenerative nerve diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s. Some scientists also looked at animal cloning as a possible way to preserve endangered species. On the other hand, detractors saw the new cloning technology as potentially unsafe and unethical, especially when it was applied to what many saw as the logical next step: human cloning. [PAR] Over the course of her short life, Dolly was mated to a male sheep named David and eventually gave birth to four lambs. In January 2002 she was found to have arthritis in her hind legs, a diagnosis that raised questions about genetic abnormalities that may have been caused in the cloning process. After suffering from a progressive lung disease, Dolly was put down on February 14, 2003, at the age of six. Her early death raised more questions about the safety of cloning, both animal and human. Though Ian Wilmut, the lead scientist on the team that produced Dolly, has spoken out publicly against human cloning, its supporters are unlikely to be dissuaded. As for Dolly, the historic sheep was stuffed and is now on display at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of FIFA - The first FIFA World Cup\u2122 - FIFA.com History of FIFA - The first FIFA World Cup\u2122 - FIFA.com [PAR] History of FIFA - The first FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] \u00a9 FIFA.com [PAR] The success of the Olympic Football Tournament intensified FlFA's wish for its own world championship. Questionnaires were sent to the affiliated associations, asking whether they agreed to the organisation of a tournament and under what conditions. A special committee examined the question, with President Jules Rimet the driving force. He was aided by the untiring Secretary of the French Football Federation, Henri Delaunay. [PAR] Following a remarkable proposal by the Executive Committee, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam on 28 May 1928 decided to stage a world championship organised by FIFA. Now, the organising country had to be chosen. Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden submitted their candidatures. Right from the start, Uruguay was the favourite and not simply for its Olympic gold medal wins in 1924 and 1928 - the country was celebrating its 100th anniversary of independence in 1930 at great expense. [PAR] Moreover, its national association was willing to cover all the costs, including the travel and accommodation of the participating teams. Any possible profit would be shared, while Uruguay would take on the deficit. These arguments were decisive. The FIFA Congress in Barcelona in 1929 assigned Uruguay as first host country of the FIFA World Cup \u2122. The other candidates had withdrawn. [PAR] With Europe in the midst of an economic crisis, not everything went to plan during the countdown to these first finals. Participation did not only involve a long sea journey for the Europeans; the clubs would have to renounce their best players for two months. Consequently, more and more associations broke their promise to participate and it took much manoeuvring by Rimet to ensure at least four European teams - France, Belgium, Romania and Yugoslavia - joined him on the Conte Verde liner bound for Buenos Aires. [PAR] The first FIFA World Cup opened at the brand-new Estadio Centenario in Montevideo on 18 July 1930. It was the beginning of a new era in world football and the inaugural event proved a remarkable success, both in a sporting and a financial sense. Of course, the organisers were disappointed that only four European sides had participated. The anger in Montevideo was so intense in fact that four years later, world champions Uruguay became the first and only team to refuse to defend their title. [PAR] When the Congress convened in Budapest in 1930, it thanked Uruguay for staging the world championship for the first time in difficult conditions. It also noted its regret at seeing only a minimum number of teams participating from Europe. [PAR] The significance of the new tournament only increased following the setback FIFA suffered in the lead-up to the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. After failing to settle differences of opinion over the amateur status of footballers with the International Olympic Committee regarding the amateur status of football players, plans to organise the Olympic Football Tournament were abandoned. [PAR] FIFA chose Italy ahead of rival candidates Sweden to host the second FIFA World Cup and this time it took qualifying matches to arrive at the 16 finalists. Unlike in 1930 there were no groups and only knockout rounds, meaning Brazil and Argentina went home after playing just one match each. Once again, the home team prevailed, Italy winning the Final against Czechoslovakia in extra time. For the first time, the Final was transmitted on the radio. [PAR] Four years later, Rimet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who could replace Sepp Blatter as new Fifa president ... Who could replace Sepp Blatter as new Fifa president? - Telegraph [PAR] Who could replace Sepp Blatter as new Fifa president? [PAR] Who are the main contenders to replace Sepp Blatter as the new Fifa president after he stood down following the corruption scandal ? [PAR] Picture: AFP/Getty Images"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parts of the Ear | MD-Health.com Parts of the Ear | MD-Health.com [PAR] Parts of the Ear [PAR] Parts of the Ear [PAR] There are several parts of the ear, which are divided into the outer, middle and inner ear sections. Each part of the ear is essential to the overall function of the organ and your brain\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s ability to interpret the sounds your ear collects. [PAR] The different parts of the ear allow the body to capture sound waves out of the air, translate them into vibrations and send these signals to the brain to be interpreted. If any portion of this system is harmed, it can be difficult to hear, or the patient can lose hearing in that ear all together. Understanding the inner workings of your ear can help you understand what you need to do to encourage optimum ear health and safety. [PAR] Parts of the Ear [PAR] The ear plays an influential part in the sensory system. This organ is a key portion of the auditory system, which translates sound waves into a signal that the brain can interpret. In addition to helping the body take in auditory messages, the ear helps to maintain a proper head position. The fluid in the ear also helps the body maintain a sense of balance so the body can maintain proper posture and coordination. There are three major portions of the ear, the outer, middle and inner ear. Each contains several parts that are essential to the overall function of the ear. [PAR] Outer Ear [PAR] Description and Function [PAR] The outer ear is the portion of the ear that sits atop the skull, which is made of flesh and cartilage. [PAR] It is the visible part which serves to protect the eardrum. It also collects and guides sound waves into the middle ear. [PAR] Compositional parts and their functions [PAR] Pinna (ear flap) [PAR] The ear flap or pinna is the outer portion of the ear. This is the physical portion of the ear that you see on the side of your head, which is used like a satellite dish to collect sound and transmit it inward where it can be translated into the appropriate medium. [PAR] Meatus (ear canal) [PAR] This is the ear canal, which extends inward from the outer ear. This 2 cm canal helps to amplify sound as it enters the middle ear so it can be interpreted properly. This area also contains cells which produce ear wax, which helps keep debris out of the middle ear. [PAR] Middle Ear [PAR] Description and Function [PAR] The middle ear contains tissue and bone but no skin, and is the area where sound is translated into mechanical energy so it can pass through the body. Most diseases such as ear infections will take hold in the middle ear, though some can also affect the inner ear. [PAR] It translates sound waves from the outer ear into the form of pressure waves. [PAR] Compositional parts and their functions [PAR] Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) [PAR] The eardrum, known scientifically as the tympanic membrane Is a thin piece of tissue that is stretched between the outer and middle ear. It is called the drum because sound waves will hit it and cause it to vibrate, which will take the sound from acting as wave energy and translate it to mechanical energy that can travel through the rest of the ear. [PAR] Malleus (Hammer) [PAR] The malleus or hammer of the ear is one of the smallest bones in the body. It is connected to the ear drum,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Space Today Online - Chinese astronauts called yuhangyuans ... Space Today Online - Chinese astronauts called yuhangyuans fly in Shenzhou capsules [PAR] 2003 solo flight and 2005 flight of two were successful... [PAR] Three Chinese Astronauts Orbited in 2008 [PAR] Two of the Astronauts Walked in Space [PAR] Plans for Space Station in 2010 and Landing a Man on the Moon in 2017 [PAR] Chinese artist concept of a [PAR] Shenzhou in orbit above Earth [PAR] The Peoples Republic of China, the world's most populous nation, sent three men to space in one ship on September 25, 2008. [PAR] In space, two of the astronauts, known as taikonauts or yuhangyuans, exited the Shenzhou 7 capsule briefly on September 27 for China's first-ever spacewalks. [PAR] China's human transport spacecraft are called Shenzhou, which means Divine Vessel in Chinese. [PAR] Transport capsules identified as Shenzhou 8, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10 are under development for launch in 2009-2010. The Asian nation hopes to launch the three Shenzhou capsules to form a space station. [PAR] Shenzhou 8 and 9 would ferry equipment for a space station to be erected in Earth orbit, according to Chinese newspaper reports in 2005. That would be China's first space station. It would be composed of the Shenzhou 8 and 9 capsules joined together in orbit. [PAR] Shenzhou 10, then, would ferry people up to live and work in the space station. Shenzhou 10 would dock at the space station. All three spacecraft \u2013 Shenzhou 8, 9 and 10 \u2013 would be launched within the same month. [PAR] Later, China would send astronauts to land on the Moon in 2017. That would be three years ahead of NASA's planned landing of astronauts on the Moon in 2020. [PAR] The flights: Shenzhou 1-4 \u00bb Shenzhou 5 \u00bb Shenzhou 6 \u00bb Shenzhou 7 \u00bb [PAR] Long Range Plan [PAR] The one-man flight in 2003 and the two-person flight in 2005 were early landmarks in the Asian nation's long-range plan. China then launched in 2007 an unmanned two-ton satellite called Chang'e to orbit the Moon for a year and record 3D images of the lunar surface. In 2008, two Chinese astronauts performed spacewalks during the Shenzhou 7 three-person flight. [PAR] Next, China wants to: [PAR] in 2009-2010, build a space station in orbit. [PAR] in 2010-2011, land an unmanned probe on the Moon. [PAR] by 2013, launch a rocket with triple the lifting power of the nation's largest. It would be able to carry a payload of 27 tons to space, three times today's nine tons. [PAR] in 2015-2016, land another unmanned probe on the Moon to collect soil samples and return them to Earth in preparation for a human moon base. [PAR] in 2017, land a man on the Moon. [PAR] Chinese astronauts on the Moon in 2017 could set up an astronomical telescope and measure the abundance of helium-3, which could be used back on Earth as a non-polluting fuel source. [PAR] China's third piloted space flight [PAR] China sent three men to space in one Shenzhou capsule on September 25, 2008. [PAR] In space, two of the astronauts went outside the Shenzhou 7 capsule briefly on September 27 for China's first-ever spacewalks. [PAR] The astronauts. The mission commander was Zhai Zhigang. He made the first spacewalk. Astronaut Liu Boming floated outside briefly. He gave Zhai a Chinese flag that he had waved at a camera. Jing Haipeng, the third crew member, watched over the spacecraft from inside the re-entry module. [PAR] The spacewalk was carried live on state television CCTV. [PAR] While outside, Zhai was tethered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Metropolis (1927) - IMDb Metropolis (1927) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] WATCH NOW [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] In a futuristic city sharply divided between the working class and the city planners, the son of the city's mastermind falls in love with a working class prophet who predicts the coming of a savior to mediate their differences. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 23 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 29 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 26 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Metropolis \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When the police in a German city are unable to catch a child-murderer, other criminals join in the manhunt. [PAR] Director: Fritz Lang [PAR] Vampire Count Orlok expresses interest in a new residence and real estate agent Hutter's wife. [PAR] Director: F.W. Murnau [PAR] Hypnotist Dr. Caligari uses a somnambulist, Cesare, to commit murders. [PAR] Director: Robert Wiene [PAR] Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] When Union spies steal an engineer's beloved locomotive, he pursues it single-handedly and straight through enemy lines. [PAR] Directors: Clyde Bruckman, Buster Keaton [PAR] Stars: Buster Keaton, Marion Mack, Glen Cavender [PAR] A married farmer falls under the spell of a slatternly woman from the city, who tries to convince him to drown his wife. [PAR] Director: F.W. Murnau [PAR] Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A heinous crime and its aftermath are recalled from differing points of view. [PAR] Director: Akira Kurosawa [PAR] In post-war Italy, a working-class man's bicycle is stolen. He and his son set out to find it. [PAR] Director: Vittorio De Sica [PAR] Dictator Adenoid Hynkel tries to expand his empire while a poor Jewish barber tries to avoid persecution from Hynkel's regime. [PAR] Director: Charles Chaplin [PAR] With the aid of a wealthy erratic tippler, a dewy-eyed tramp who has fallen in love with a sightless flower girl accumulates money to be able to help her medically. [PAR] Director: Charles Chaplin [PAR] A hack screenwriter writes a screenplay for a former silent-film star who has faded into Hollywood obscurity. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Sometime in the future, the city of Metropolis is home to a Utopian society where its wealthy residents live a carefree life. One of those is Freder Fredersen. One day, he spots a beautiful woman with a group of children, she and the children who quickly disappear. Trying to follow her, he, oblivious to such, is horrified to find an underground world of workers, apparently who run the machinery which keeps the above ground Utopian world functioning. One of the few people above ground who knows about the world"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cybertron (planet) - Teletraan I: The Transformers Wiki ... Cybertron (planet) | Teletraan I: The Transformers Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Let's see what you can see... [PAR] This article is in need of images. [PAR] Specifics: G1 [PAR] Marvel Comics continuity [PAR] Cybertron was the adopted form of Primus , who trapped himself and Unicron in barren asteroids which they then shaped into their physical forms. While Unicron turned his prison into a transformable, humanoid body, Primus reformed himself into a home for a robotic race he created to fight Unicron with similar transformation abilities. Primal Scream [PAR] Cybertron for some time was in the orbit of Alpha Centauri , and its inhabitants were at peace. But the avaricious Megatron sought to rule the planet and turn it into a \"cosmic dreadnaught \". This plan would find a kind of fruition, but not what Megatron intended: The cataclysmic forces of his wars eventually sent the planet careening through deep space. [PAR] Its aimless journey brought it near Earth four million years ago. The asteroid belt threatened it, so Optimus Prime led an expedition to clear the way. They were successful, but they were ambushed by Decepticons led by Megatron, and their battle ended with a crash-landing on Earth that left all the combatants deactivated. Their compatriots on Cybertron mourned their loss but continued the wars. The Transformers [PAR] In the modern day, Prime and Megatron's troops were reactivated, and they eventually found their way back to Cybertron. The world had changed little in the intervening eons, but the return of the old legends helped bring about the fulfillment of the planet's destiny. Deep below the surface, a small group of the once-lost Autobots fought the Mayhem Attack Squad in a chamber containing the giant head of Primus. A stray shot hit the god's face, and he awoke with a scream that alerted Unicron to his location. When the Chaos Bringer arrived, the Autobots and Decepticons united against him, but the battle still wreaked havoc on the planet. Unicron was defeated by the opening of the Matrix , which destroyed both deities. On the Edge of Extinction! In the aftermath, Cybertron suffered storms and earthquakes that many believed would tear apart the world. Exodus! The remaining Transformers evacuated, but Cybertron was ultimately saved by a band of humans who awakened the Last Autobot . The Last Autobot? He was, it turned out, a safeguard put in place by Primus to guide the planet's reconstruction after the god's death. What it was reconstructed into is unclear. [PAR] Significant locations [PAR] Beneath the sewers, the Demons in the Darkness were locked away. [PAR] At the center of this Cybertron there was a room with a huge head of Primus on the wall where he slept and was watched over by the Keeper . Somewhere within the depths of Cybertron could also be found a chamber containing the Last Autobot . [PAR] Cartoon continuity [PAR] The Transformers cartoon [PAR] Cybertron appeared considerably smaller than the planet Earth . Entirely metallic on the surface, some of the lowest levels of Cybertron consisted of rock and dirt, suggesting an organic beginning to the planet. Its gravity was light enough that humans were able to traverse the surface without any trouble, and it possessed a breathable atmosphere. Water, or at least a substance resembling it, was in evidence on the planet\u2014lakes and rivers have been shown to exist, albeit sparingly. Many levels below the surface were the energy-furnace, the Plasma Energy Chamber , and at the heart of the planet was the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Terminator 3 - Rise of the Machines by Jonathan Mostow ... Terminator 3 - Rise of the Machines by Jonathan Mostow |Arnold Schwarzenegger, Nick Stahl, Claire Danes | 883929018567 | DVD | Barnes & Noble\u00ae [PAR] Videos [PAR] Overview [PAR] The second sequel to the 1984 sci-fi action classic, Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines is the first film without the involvement of director James Cameron. Instead, Jonathan Mostow, the man behind Breakdown and U-571, has stepped in to fill the shoes left vacant by Cameron. In addition, the role of John Connor from the second film has been recast, with In the Bedroom's Nick Stahl taking over for Edward Furlong. Set ten years after the events of 1991's Terminator 2: Judgement Day, the film finds Connor living on the streets as a common laborer. Sarah Connor, his mother, has since died, and their efforts in the second film have not stopped the creation of SkyNet artificial intelligence network. As he will still become the leader of the human resistance, Connor is once again targeted by a Terminator sent from the future by SkyNet. This new Terminator, T-X (Kristanna Loken), is a female and is more powerful than any of her predecessors. To protect Connor, the human resistance sends a new T-101 (Arnold Schwarzenegger) back from the future. Also starring Claire Danes, Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines had its world premiere when it showed out of competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival. [PAR] Advertising [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Barnes & Noble - Ed Hulse [PAR] The Terminator trilogy comes to an immensely satisfying finish with this apocalyptic, action-crammed adventure, which finds a clueless mankind moving inexorably toward its subjugation by machines. Humanity's last best hope, John Connor ( Nick Stahl ), lives quietly \"off the grid,\" eschewing anything that might leave computerized clues to his whereabouts. After being targeted for assassination years ago (or years hence, actually) by a time-traveling \"Terminator,\" he leaves little to chance. But unbeknownst to John, a smarter, more fearsome terminator, the TX ( Kristanna Loken ), has been dispatched to the early 21st century to prevent him from leading the Resistance. Timing is everything, because the SkyNet computer network is about to go on line. To protect him, allies in the future send a new bodyguard, the upgraded T-850 ( Arnold Schwarzenegger ), back in time to find the young man before TX does. The result of all this, as you might imagine, is action aplenty. Director Jonathan Mostow , who demonstrated a flair for efficient cinematic thrills in U-571 , knows what Terminator fans want and he delivers it in spades. The series' fans also have come to expect top-of-the-line special effects, and in that respect the production team has outdone itself. The \"evil\" terminator played by Robert Patrick in T2 remains one of sci-fi's most memorable villains, but the gorgeous Loken makes an equally strong impression, even if her potent right hand invites unfortunate comparisons to Inspector Gadget . Claire Danes , making a welcome return to the screen, brings striking credibility to her role as the feisty young woman unsuspectingly caught up in John Connor\u2019s date with destiny. And then, of course, there's Arnold...need we say more? The governor of California is in fine fettle as the relentless T-850, a walking demolition team programmed to save his youthful charge, even if it means blowing up half the state -- which is just about what it takes. We'd hardly call T3 cerebral, but it takes its fanciful premise seriously and arrives at its conclusion with nary a groan. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"On Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics\" - Author Robert J ... Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: On Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1991 and 1994 by Robert J. Sawyer [PAR] All Rights Reserved. [PAR] Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics [PAR] A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. [PAR] A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. [PAR] A robot must protect its own existence, except where such protection would conflict with the First or Second Law. [PAR] People in the process of reading my novel Golden Fleece keep saying to me, what about Isaac Asimov 's Three Laws of Robotics? I thought they were guiding modern artificial-intelligence research? [PAR] Nope, they're not. First, remember, Asimov's \"Laws\" are hardly laws in the sense that physical laws are laws; rather, they're cute suggestions that made for some interesting puzzle-oriented stories half a century ago. I honestly don't think they will be applied to future computers or robots. We have lots of computers and robots today and not one of them has even the rudiments of the Three Laws built-in. It's extraordinarily easy for \"equipment failure\" to result in human death, after all, in direct violation of the First Law. [PAR] Asimov's Laws assume that we will create intelligent machines full-blown out of nothing, and thus be able to impose across the board a series of constraints. Well, that's not how it's happening. Instead, we are getting closer to artificial intelligence by small degrees and, as such, nobody is really implementing fundamental safeguards. [PAR] Take Eliza, the first computer psychiatric program. There is nothing in its logic to make sure that it doesn't harm the user in an Asimovian sense, by, for instance, re-opening old mental wounds with its probing. Now, we can argue that Eliza is way too primitive to do any real harm, but then that means someone has to say arbitrarily, okay, that attempt at AI requires no safeguards but this attempt does. Who would that someone be? [PAR] The development of AI is a business, and businesses are notoriously uninterested in fundamental safeguards \u0097 especially philosophic ones. (A few quick examples: the tobacco industry, the automotive industry, the nuclear industry. Not one of these has said from the outset that fundamental safeguards are necessary, every one of them has resisted externally imposed safeguards, and none have accepted an absolute edict against ever causing harm to humans.) [PAR] Indeed, given that a huge amount of AI and robotics research is underwritten by the military, it seems that there will never be a general \"law\" against ever harming human beings. The whole point of the exercise, at least from the funders' point of view, is to specifically find ways to harm those human beings who happen to be on \"the other side.\" [PAR] We already live in a world in which Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics have no validity, a world in which every single computer user is exposed to radiation that is considered at least potentially harmful, a world in which machines replace people in the workplace all the time. (Asimov's First Law would prevent that: taking away someone's job absolutely is harm in the Asimovian sense, and therefore a \"Three Laws\" robot could never do that, but, of course, real robots do it all the time.) [PAR] So, what does all this mean? Where's it all going? Ah, that I answer at length \u0097 in Golden Fleece"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Short Circuit (1986) Short Circuit (1986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Number 5 of a group of experimental robots in a lab is electrocuted, suddenly becomes intelligent, and escapes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $7.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] 'The Circle' Trailer: Emma Watson Falls for Tom Hanks' Cult-Like Tech Company [PAR] 6 December 2016 1:30 PM, -08:00 | Movies.com [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 13 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 26 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Short Circuit \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Robot Johnny Five comes to the city and gets manipulated by criminals who want him for their own purposes. [PAR] Director: Kenneth Johnson [PAR] In 1978, a boy travels 8 years into the future and has an adventure with an intelligent, wisecracking alien ship. [PAR] Director: Randal Kleiser [PAR] Apartment block tenants seek the aid of alien mechanical life-forms to save their building from demolition. [PAR] Director: Matthew Robbins [PAR] The Henderson family adopt a friendly Sasquatch but have a hard time trying to keep the legend of 'Bigfoot' a secret. [PAR] Director: William Dear [PAR] Three bachelors find themselves forced to take care of a baby left by one of the guys' girlfriends. [PAR] Director: Leonard Nimoy [PAR] A troubled boy dives into a wondrous fantasy world through the pages of a mysterious book. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] A seemingly normal young boy turns out to be a top secret military-created robot with superhuman abilities. [PAR] Director: Simon Wincer [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6/10 X [PAR] A boy obsessed with 50s sci-fi movies about aliens has a recurring dream about a blueprint of some kind, which he draws for his inventor friend. With the help of a third kid, they follow it and build themselves a spaceship. Now what? [PAR] Director: Joe Dante [PAR] The scientist father of a teenage girl and boy accidentally shrinks his and two other neighborhood teens to the size of insects. Now the teens must fight diminutive dangers as the father searches for them. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] On another planet in the distant past, a Gelfling embarks on a quest to find the missing shard of a magical crystal, and so restore order to his world. [PAR] Directors: Jim Henson, Frank Oz [PAR] Stars: Jim Henson, Kathryn Mullen, Frank Oz [PAR] A 16-year old girl is given 13 hours to solve a labyrinth and rescue her baby brother when her wish for him to be taken away is granted by the Goblin King. [PAR] Director: Jim Henson [PAR] A toon-hating detective is a cartoon rabbit's only hope to prove his innocence when he is accused of murder. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Number 5, one of a group of experimental military"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Every 'Star Wars' Movie And TV Show Ranked - MTV Every 'Star Wars' Movie And TV Show Ranked - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] 05/04/2014 [PAR] On this May the Fourth, we celebrate 37 years of \"Star Wars.\" [PAR] Most of you reading this weren't born when the first movie blew minds at cinemas around the world (disclaimer, I wasn't). Heck, a lot of you might not have been old enough to see \"Star Wars: The Phantom Menace\" in theaters, and yes, that freaks me out. [PAR] \"Star Wars\" is a phenomenon like no other, having spawned a cross-platform universe that includes seven movies and seven TV spin-offs (including one ill-fated Holiday Special), and of course, the upcoming and recently cast \" Star Wars: Episode VII .\" What better way to celebrate this holiest of \"Star Wars\" days then by ranking every single one of them? [PAR] Here is our definitive list of the good, the bad and the ugly of the \"Star Wars\" franchise. [PAR] 14) \"The Star Wars Holiday Special\" (1978) [PAR] You've probably heard the legend of this insane \u2014 and insanely bad \u2014 \"Star Wars\" spin-off that was meant to celebrate Earth Day or something. We don't know; we've blocked it out of our minds. The problem with the Holiday Special is that it's not even so bad it's good \u2014 it's just really, really bad. It's like watching the most boring trainwreck of all time, except Bea Arthur is there for some reason. It's no wonder George Lucas ordered this, this thing to never be shown again. Unfortunately for him, the Internet exists, and we can all bask in the special's glorious awfulness. [PAR] 13) \"Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure\" (1984) [PAR] It's hard to remember a time when Ewoks weren't simply a punchline and a punching bag for people who argued that they presaged the likes of Jar-Jar Binks and some of the least liked aspects of the prequel trilogy. But there was a time (the '80s) when they were insanely popular, so much so that they got two made-for-TV film spinoffs. The first \"Caravan of Courage,\" is the first, and the worst of the two, focusing on the friendship between Wicket (the hero Ewok from \"Return of the Jedi\") and little girl whose family crash lands on the moon of Endor a few months before the events of \"Jedi.\" It has some fun adventure moments and some cool stop-motion monsters, but it's probably the most juvenile entry in the canon. [PAR] 12) \"Ewoks: The Battle for Endor\" (1985) [PAR] Yep, that's right. The first Ewok TV movie was apparently so successful that they just had to make a second one. \"Battle For Endor\" is, unfortunately, not an epic tale of the Ewoks waging a guerilla war against leftover imperial troops that's one part Care Bears and one part \"Saving Private Ryan.\" Instead, it focuses again on the little girl from \"Caravan of Courage\" who, now orphaned (jeez guys, getting dark, don't you think?), has to help Ewoks regain control of their village from evil maurauders. [PAR] Oh also, Wicket has learned English (sorry, Basic), and can talk now, which, considering the movie takes place before \"Return of the Jedi,\" means that he was just kind of being a dick that whole time pretending he didn't understand Leia. [PAR] 11) \"Star Wars: Ewoks\" (1985-1987) [PAR] I'm sorry, I forgot to mention that the two made-for-TV movies spawned an animated TV series called \"Ewoks,\" which lasted for two years and 35 episodes. In this one, Wicket's the main character, everyone speaks perfect English,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Favorite Film Robots \u2014 GeekTyrant Top 10 Favorite Film Robots \u2014 GeekTyrant [PAR] by Joey Paur [PAR] Hollywood has introduced us to a ton of awesome robots over the years. Robots have always been extremely cool, and they've sparked the imagination of what is possible. The robots we've seen in the movies have inspired technology and science. There are engineers out there who have created robots of their own and are constantly trying to perfect them. One day those robots will take over the world and destroy us all. [PAR] We all have our favorite robots, and I thought I'd come up with a top 10 list of my personal favorites. Note: Cyborgs like RoboCop don't count as robots on this list. [PAR] If you'd like to share your own favorites, please feel free to post them in the comments section below! [PAR] Iron Giant - The Iron Giant [PAR] The Iron Giant is by far my favorite robot. He's the one I would have loved to play with as a kid. Excluding the yells and groans, he only said a total of 53 words. Vin Diesel voiced the character but the studio also considered Peter Cullen, Sean Connery, Frank Welker, and James Earl Jones. [PAR] Robby the Robot - Forbidden Planet [PAR] This might just be one of the most iconic robots ever. I don't know anyone that isn't familiar with the design. It not only appeared in Forbidden Planet, it has also shown up in a ton of other sci-fi films such as The Thin Man and Lost in Space. It even showed up in some TV shows like The Twilight Zone, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Addams Family, and Mork & Mindy. [PAR] Johnny 5 - Short Circuit [PAR] I loved this movie when I was a kid, and I just thought Johnny 5 was the funniest damn thing. The filmmakers wanted to show what a real life robot might look like in the real world, so every part of Johnny 5 was built to have a specific, logical purpose. For example, Johnny's signature \"eyelids\" were created as sun guards/camera coverings. [PAR] Gort - The Day the Earth Stood Still [PAR] \"Klaatu barada nikto!\" This thing just looked like a menacing badass! When I first saw this thing as a kid I was a little terrified of it. It looked like it couldn't harm anything, but it was the ultimate weapon. The guy who played Gort was Lock Martin, who was the doorman at Grauman's Chinese Theater. He was hired because he was so freakin' tall. He wasn't that strong, though, so he had difficulty with the heavy Gort suit and could only stay in it for about a half-hour at a time. [PAR] Terminator - The Terminator [PAR] I don't know any movie geek that doesn't love the Terminator. This thing is the ultimate killing machine, and it was really fun watching him kick ass. It has been revealed that the POV shots through the Terminator's eyes shows a dump of the ROM assembler code for the Apple II operating system. Apparently, if you own an Apple II and enter \"] call -151 * p\" at the basic prompt, it will give you the Terminator view. [PAR] T-1000 - Terminator 2: Judgement Day [PAR] A liquid metal machine? Are you kidding me?! What an amazing idea for a robot! I remember seeing this character on the big screen for the first time and being blown away. When Robert Patrick played the character he mimicked the head movements of the American bald eagle,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brent Spiner - IMDb Brent Spiner - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Official Photos \u00bb [PAR] Brent Spiner, whose primary claim to fame is his portrayal of the beloved android Data on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987), was born and raised in Houston, Texas. His parents, Sylvia (Schwartz) and Jack Spiner, owned and operated a furniture store, and were both from Jewish immigrant families (from Austria, Hungary, and ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] 74th Golden Globe Awards [PAR] Jimmy Fallon may be hosting, but let IMDb be your guide to the 2017 Golden Globes with galleries, videos, lists, and more. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 5 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 22 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 44 people [PAR] created 04 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 people [PAR] created 08 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 15 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 people [PAR] created 03 Sep 2014 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Brent Spiner's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 2 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Star Trek: The Next Generation Lt. Commander Data / Lore / Dr. Noonien Soong / Annie Meyers / Bandito / Dr. Ira Graves / Eli Hollander / Frank Hollander / Henchman / Lt. Cmdr. Data / Sherlock Holmes [PAR] (1987-1994) [PAR] Independence Day Dr. Brakish Okun [PAR] (1996) [PAR] 2015-2016 Blunt Talk (TV Series) [PAR] Phil [PAR] 2015 The Librarians (TV Series) [PAR] Puck [PAR] 2015 Comedy Bang! Bang! (TV Series) [PAR] The Sandman [PAR] 2014 Ray Donovan (TV Series) [PAR] Therapist [PAR] 2013 Wendell and Vinnie (TV Series) [PAR] Brent Spiner [PAR] 2010-2013 Generator Rex (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices [PAR] - End Game: Part 2 (2013) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices (voice) [PAR] - Endgame Part 1 (2013) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices (voice) [PAR] - Target: Consortium (2012) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices (voice) [PAR] - Dark Passage (2010) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander (voice) [PAR] 2012 The Simpsons (TV Series) [PAR] Robots [PAR] 2003 An Unexpected Love (TV Movie) [PAR] Brad [PAR] 2001 The Ponder Heart (TV Movie) [PAR] Dorris Grabney [PAR] 2001 A Girl Thing (TV Movie) [PAR] Bob [PAR] 1996 Dream On (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Strongwater [PAR] 1995 Deadly Games (TV Series) [PAR] Danny Schlecht [PAR] 1995 Mad About You (TV Series) [PAR] Bob, the Dog Agent [PAR] 1989 What's Alan Watching? (TV Special) [PAR] Brentwood Carter [PAR] 1987 Family Sins (TV Movie) [PAR] Ken McMahon [PAR] 1987 Sledge Hammer! (TV Series) [PAR] Soldier [PAR] 1986 Sylvan in Paradise (TV Movie) [PAR] Clinton C. Waddle [PAR] 1986 American Playhouse (TV Series) [PAR] Franz / Dennis [PAR] 1986 The Twilight Zone (TV Series) [PAR] Draft Dodger (segment \"Dead Run\") [PAR] 1985 Crime of Innocence (TV Movie) [PAR] Hinnerman [PAR] 1985 Hill Street Blues (TV Series) [PAR] Larry Stein [PAR] 1984 The Paper Chase (TV Series) [PAR] Student in Reese's Class [PAR] 1981 Ryan's Hope (TV Series) [PAR] Doctor examining Kim [PAR] 1970 My Sweet Charlie (TV Movie) [PAR] Local (uncredited) [PAR] 2002 Star Trek: Nemesis (performer: \"Blue Skies\") [PAR] 2001 Great Performances (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - My Favorite Broadway: The Love Songs (2001) ... (performer: \"Love is Sweeping the Country\", \"Rosie\") [PAR] 2000 Geppetto (TV Movie)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robby the Robot - Biography - IMDb Robby the Robot - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Robby the Robot [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (11) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] 6' 11\" (2.11 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Robby was the brainchild of, and designed by industrial designer, Japanese-American engineer Robert Kinoshita . It was built in mid-1955 by the MGM prop department, at a reported cost of $125,000, to 'star' in the epic science fiction classic Forbidden Planet (1956) and its B-movie followup The Invisible Boy (1957) a year later. Robby the Robot has become one of the most popular robot icons in the history of movies and media, as recognizable as George Lucas' erstwhile comedy team of R2-D2 and C-3PO who 'co-starred' in his epic sci-fi fantasy Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Donald John Long <djlprojects@usa.net> [PAR] Trivia (11) [PAR] Today, Robby the Robot is a superstar of science fiction, appearing first in Forbidden Planet (1956). Some would say he is the perfect realization of Isaac Asimov's famous \"Three Laws of Robotics\", which Asimov first promulgated in his 1950 story collection, I, Robot. [PAR] The Barton brothers completed their full-size replica of Robby in the spring of 1975, and celebrated by booking him at as many Star Trek and sci-fi conventions as they could. Robby was a big hit, a major media star once again, even though the clone made all the personal appearances while the original MGM robot stood gathering dust in an Orange County movie museum. [PAR] Robby is now owned by the top Forbidden Planet collector in the world, film director Bill Malone. [PAR] Robby's voice was provided by talented actor and announcer Marvin Miller . [PAR] Robby stands at a height of 7' 6\" tall, weighs about 300 lbs., and was originally operated by an MGM special effects technician named 'Glen Robinson' who subsequently worked on MGM's Logan's Run (1976). [PAR] Robby was designed by Robert Kinoshita , and built in mid-1955 by the MGM prop department, at a reported cost of $125,000.00.[DOC] [TLE] Robby Clip.mp4 - YouTube Robby Clip.mp4 - YouTube [PAR] Robby Clip.mp4 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 27, 2012 [PAR] This is a clip from the 1956 movie, \"Forbidden Planet\" that introduced Robby the Robot. Robby was also the name f Issac Asimov's first Robot in the book I Robot. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Matthew Webb - The History of the first man to ... Captain Matthew Webb - The History of the first man to swim the English Channel [PAR] MATTHEW WEBB a true Son of Shropshire England, was born at the height of the Industrial Revolution in Dawley on January 19th 1848 , named after both his Grandfather Matthew Webb of Broseley, and his Father Matthew Webb of Ironbridge (1813-1876) a surgeon. Webb junior the oldest of 7 children born to his parents Matthew and Sarah Webb (1822-1877) had learned to swim in the River Severn at Coalbrookdale and aged 12 years enlisted into a maritime career with the Conway training ship at Liverpool , progressing to be a Master with the Cunard Line , before choosing to become a professional endurance swimmer in 1874. [PAR] Webb learned to swim up river from the Ironbridge, were he saved his younger brother Thomas from drowning in the summer of 1863 [PAR] Farmer Fletcher's Pig [PAR] \"Look-a-like\" [PAR] On August 24th 1875 smeared in porpoise oil, Webb dived into the water near Dover 's Admiralty Pier. Twenty-one hours and 45 minutes later he waded ashore at Calais much to the delight of the passengers & crew of the mailship The Maid of Kent, who witnessed his final effort's. Webb recalled in his diary \" Never shall I forget when the men in the mailboat struck up the tune of Rule Britannia, which they sang, or rather shouted, in a hoarse roar. I felt a gulping sensation in my throat as the old tune, which I had heard in all parts of the world, once more struck my ears under circumstances so extra-ordinary. I felt now I should do it, and I did it.\" [PAR] News of Matthew Webb's amazing feat filtered back to his home community here in Shropshire, he returned in triumph and arriving at Wellington railway station was met by large crowds of locals, eager to share in the glory and heap deserved praise on their own Local Hero . It is known that he was escorted back to Dawley amid a carnival atmosphere boosted by the able ability of the Shifnal Brass Band . The journey itself was to spawn endless tales of folklore. Arriving as we have into the new Millennium and the year 2000, locals to this day, 125 years on, still refer to The Pig On The Wall . Legend has it that as the Band led Webb's procession into Dawley, a pig placed its front trotters onto the wall of its sty, to watch the band pass by. [PAR] The Pig on The Wall [PAR] Matthew Webb's achievement not only raised morale of folk in Shropshire, but throughout the Country, he also received world wide acclaim for his success, it brought the sport of swimming to great heights, but he chose a typical English sport to compare when discussing the physical pain of his Channel Crossing. \" The sensation in my limbs is similar to that after the first day of the Cricket season\". The London Stock exchange had set up a Testimonial Fund for Webb, it raised \ufffd2,424.00 of which he gave his father \ufffd500.00 and invested \ufffd1.782.00 hoping to provide a guaranteed income for life of \ufffd87.00. Basing himself at 21 Tavistock Crescent, Kensington in London , Webb was to lose his parent's within 2 years of his channel swim, and pursued overseas lecture tours. He married 21 year old Madeline Kate Chaddock at St. Andres Church Kensington, they had 2 children, (Matthew & Mary). [PAR] Webb continued to earn money from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kolkata | India | Britannica.com Kolkata | India | Britannica.com [PAR] Kolkata [PAR] Job Charnock [PAR] Kolkata, Bengali Kalikata, formerly Calcutta, city, capital of West Bengal state, and former capital (1772\u20131911) of British India . It is one of India\u2019s largest cities and one of its major ports. The city is centred on the east bank of the Hugli (Hooghly) River , once the main channel of the Ganges (Ganga) River , about 96 miles (154 km) upstream from the head of the Bay of Bengal ; there the port city developed as a point of transshipment from water to land and from river to sea. A city of commerce, transport, and manufacture, Kolkata is the dominant urban centre of eastern India. [PAR] Victoria Memorial Hall in Kolkata (Calcutta), India. [PAR] Photos.com/Jupiterimages [PAR] Kolkata, India. [PAR] The city\u2019s former name, Calcutta, is an Anglicized version of the Bengali name Kalikata. According to some, Kalikata is derived from the Bengali word Kalikshetra, meaning \u201cGround of (the goddess) Kali.\u201d Some say the city\u2019s name derives from the location of its original settlement on the bank of a canal (khal). A third opinion traces it to the Bengali words for lime (calcium oxide; kali) and burnt shell (kata), since the area was noted for the manufacture of shell lime. In 2001 the government of West Bengal officially changed the name of the city to Kolkata. Area city, 40 square miles (104 square km); urban agglom., 533 square miles (1,380 square km). Pop. (2011) 4,486,679; urban agglom., 14,112,536. [PAR] Character of the city [PAR] Fashioned by the colonial British in the manner of a grand European capital\u2014yet now set in one of the poorest and most overpopulated regions of India\u2014Kolkata has grown into a city of sharp contrasts and contradictions. Kolkata has had to assimilate strong European influences and overcome the limitations of its colonial legacy in order to find its own unique identity. In the process it created an amalgam of East and West that found its expression in the life and works of the 19th-century Bengali elite and its most noteworthy figure, the poet and mystic Rabindranath Tagore . [PAR] Statue of Queen Victoria in front of Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata (Calcutta), West Bengal, India. [PAR] \u00a9 Luciano Mortula/Shutterstock.com [PAR] Varanasi [PAR] This large and vibrant Indian city thrives amid seemingly insurmountable economic, social, and political problems. Its citizens exhibit a great joie de vivre that is demonstrated in a penchant for art and culture and a high level of intellectual vitality and political awareness. Crowds throng to Kolkata\u2019s book fairs, art exhibitions, and concerts, and there is a lively trading of polemics on walls, which has led to Kolkata being dubbed the \u201ccity of posters.\u201d [PAR] Yet for all of Kolkata\u2019s vitality, many of the city\u2019s residents live in some of the worst conditions, far removed from the cultural milieu . The city\u2019s energy nevertheless penetrates even to the poorest areas, as a large number of Kolkatans sincerely support the efforts of those who minister to the underprivileged. In short, Kolkata remains an enigma to many Indians as well as to foreigners. It continues to puzzle newcomers and to arouse an abiding nostalgia in the minds of those who have lived there. [PAR] Landscape [PAR] City site [PAR] The location of the city appears to have been originally selected partly because of its easily defensible position and partly because of its favourable trading location. The low, swampy, hot, and humid riverbank otherwise has little to recommend it. Its maximum elevation is about 30 feet (9 metres) above sea level."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Second Closest Planet to the Sun - Mr. Valentine's ... The Second Closest Planet to the Sun - Mr. Valentine's Solar System Webquest [PAR] Mr. Valentine's Solar System Webquest [PAR] The Farthest Planet [PAR] Venus, the Second Closest Planet to the Sun [PAR] Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun. Venus is 67,240,000 miles from the Sun. Venus is also the closest planet to Earth. Venus is about 26,000,000,000 miles from Earth. In the picture below, you can see that Venus is the second planet from the Sun. [PAR] What Makes up Venus? [PAR] Venus is very similar to Earth. Like Earth, Venus is a rocky planet that has a core, mantle, and crust. In fact, Venus is sometimes called Earth's twin. However, there is one big difference between Earth's and Venus' surface. Venus' surface is covered in nearly one million volcanoes! Some volcanoes may still erupt, but many are no longer erupting. The Earth has a core, mantle, and crust like Venus. However, Earth does not have nearly as many volcanoes. Look at what Venus is made of in the picture below. [PAR] How Big is Venus? [PAR] Venus is almost identical in size to the Earth. This is another reason why it is sometimes called a \"twin\" or \"sister\" planet to Earth. The Photo below shows Venus next to Earth. [PAR] Does Venus Have an Atmosphere? [PAR] Venus does have an atmosphere. Venus' atmosphere is much thicker than Earth's atmosphere and is made of harmful chemicals. Scientists believe Venus gained its toxic atmosphere because of the constant volcanic eruptions that happened on the planet in the past and its loss of water. There is no Oxygen in Venus' atmosphere.The thickness of Venus' atmosphere causes it to insulate Venus too much. Once the sun's energy enters Venus it is trapped.This causes Venus' temperature to be steady at 870 degrees Fahrenheit all of the time. The video below describes the atmosphere of Venus. [PAR] How Long Does it Take Venus to Orbit the Sun? [PAR] It takes Venus about 225 days to orbit the Sun. Once again, this is less time than it takes the Earth to Orbit the Sun (by 100 days). Like Mercury, Venus is closer to the Sun than the Earth so the Sun's gravity pulls on Venus more causing it to orbit faster. [PAR] Take a look at the videos below. The first video describes many of the things that we've learned about Venus during this lesson. The second video is longer and gives you more information about Venus. You only need to watch the first video, but the second video is very interesting. [PAR] Time to Share! [PAR] How can what we know about Venus' atmosphere help us protect our own planet? [PAR] Create a free website"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | FOOTBALL | The first gentleman of soccer BBC News | FOOTBALL | The first gentleman of soccer [PAR] Wednesday, 23 February, 2000, 19:50 GMT [PAR] The first gentleman of soccer [PAR] Sir Stanley played his last match aged 50 [PAR] Sir Stanley Matthews - the first professional footballer to be knighted - was the most renowned player of modern times. [PAR] His professional career covered 34 years; when he retired in 1965 -aged 50 - he had made nearly 700 League appearances for Stoke City and Blackpool and played for England 56 times. [PAR] As an outside-right he was without compare. A thin, frail-looking man, he had a marvellous sense of balance and timing; his sudden bursts of speed over 20 yards or so was one of the wonders of the game, and earned him the nickname \"the wizard of dribble\". [PAR] His passing was extraordinarily accurate, and he was not so much a scorer as a creator of goals for others. Moreover, his sportsmanship was exemplary, and he was often referred to as \"the first gentleman of soccer\". [PAR] It was said Matthews' presence in a team could add 10,000 to away gates. [PAR] Stanley Matthews: \"Wizard of dribble\" [PAR] The son of a professional feather-weight boxer, Stanley Matthews was born near Stoke-on-Trent, in the Potteries, and joined Stoke City straight from school at the age of fourteen. [PAR] In 1932 he became a full-time professional, and two years later played for England in a full international for the first time. [PAR] In 1947, after war service in the RAF, he left Stoke City, and joined Blackpool Football Club, with which he stayed for 14 years. [PAR] It was during this period that he achieved his greatest triumph in what became known as \"the Matthews Cup Final\" of 1953, paving the way for Blackpool's last-minute victory against Bolton Wanderers. [PAR] He played his last international - against Scotland - in 1957, and in the same year was made a CBE. [PAR] Clean slate [PAR] Matthews rejoined Stoke City in 1961, when they were near the bottom of the second division. The team was transformed, gates rose from 9,000 to 36,000 and the following year they were promoted. [PAR] The player was knighted in 1964, and played his last game in 1965, five days after his 50th birthday. [PAR] Reflecting his reputation for fair play, Matthews did not receive a single booking during his long career. Great players from all over Europe - men like Yashin, di Stefano, Masopust and Schnellinger -came to Stoke to take part in his testimonial match on 28th April. [PAR] Sir Stanley went on to play in many exhibition games at home and abroad, and he became general manager of another club in the Potteries - Port Vale. [PAR] But the Club never got out of the Fourth Division, and in 1968 it was fined and expelled from the Football League for contravening Association and League regulations. Sir Stanley resigned, and later made his home in Malta, where he became coach of a local team. [PAR] Honourary degree [PAR] In 1974 he was coaching a team of Bantu players in South Africa. In 1982 he went to live in Ontario in Canada, where he continued to coach and play occasionally in charity matches. He still returned regularly to Soweto, as well as going to coach in the United States and Australia. [PAR] In June 1987 it was announced that Sir Stanley would receive the 1986 International Pierre de Coubertin Trophy, and in July 1987 he was awarded an honorary Master's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical Elements.com - Gold (Au) Chemical Elements.com - Gold (Au) [PAR] Contains an \"Introduction to Tungsten\", among other things [PAR] If you know of any other links for Gold, please let me know [PAR] Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Gold. [PAR] <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/au.html>. [PAR] For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . [PAR] This page was created by Yinon Bentor. [PAR] Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] It's Elemental - The Element Gold It's Elemental - The Element Gold [PAR] It's Elemental [PAR] Melting Point: 1337.33 K (1064.18\u00b0C or 1947.52\u00b0F) [PAR] Boiling Point: 3129 K (2856\u00b0C or 5173\u00b0F) [PAR] Density: 19.282 grams per cubic centimeter [PAR] Phase at Room Temperature: Solid [PAR] Element Classification: Metal [PAR] Period Number: 6 Group Number: 11 Group Name: none [PAR] What's in a name? From the Sanskrit word Jval and the Anglo-Saxon word gold. Gold's chemical symbol comes from the the latin word for gold, aurum. [PAR] Say what? Gold is pronounced as GOLD. [PAR] History and Uses: [PAR] An attractive and highly valued metal, gold has been known for at least 5500 years. Gold is sometimes found free in nature but it is usually found in conjunction with silver , quartz (SiO2), calcite (CaCO3), lead , tellurium , zinc or copper . There is roughly 1 milligram of gold dissolved in every ton of seawater, although extracting it currently costs more than the gold is worth. It has been estimated that all of the gold that has currently been refined could be placed in a cube measuring 20 meters on a side. [PAR] Gold is the most malleable and ductile of all known metals. A single ounce of gold can be beaten into a sheet measuring roughly 5 meters on a side. Thin sheets of gold, known as gold leaf, are primarily used in arts and crafts for gilding. One sheet of gold leaf can be as thin as 0.000127 millimeters, or about 400 times thinner than a human hair. [PAR] Pure gold is soft and is usually alloyed with other metals, such as silver, copper, platinum or palladium , to increase its strength. Gold alloys are used to make jewelry, decorative items, dental fillings and coins. The amount of gold in an alloy is measured with a unit called a karat. One karat is equal to one part in twenty-four, so an 18 karat gold ring contains 18 parts pure gold and 6 parts alloy material. [PAR] Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity and does not tarnish when it is exposed to the air, so it can be used to make electrical connectors and printed circuit boards. Gold is also a good reflector of infrared radiation and can be used to help shield spacecraft and skyscrapers from the sun's heat. Gold coated mirrors can be used to make telescopes that are sensitive to infrared light. [PAR] A radioactive isotope of gold, gold-198, is used for treating cancer. Gold sodium thiosulfate (AuNa3O6S4) is used as a treatment for arthritis. Chlorauric acid (HAuCl4) is used to preserve photographs by replacing the silver atoms present in an image. [PAR] Estimated Crustal Abundance: 4\u00d710-3 milligrams per kilogram [PAR] Estimated Oceanic Abundance: 4\u00d710-6 milligrams per liter [PAR] Number of Stable Isotopes: 1 ( View all isotope data ) [PAR] Ionization Energy: 9.226 eV"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] France's White Wines of Bordeaux - For Dummies France's White Wines of Bordeaux - dummies [PAR] By Ed McCarthy, Mary Ewing-Mulligan [PAR] The Bordeaux region of France produces some of the world\u2019s finest white wines, in addition to the more commonly known red Bordeaux wines. The finest dry white wines of Bordeaux are unique to the Bordeaux region; nowhere else in the world can you find such wines. As with many fine wines, however, their production is small. [PAR] The Bordelais make dry white wine in many districts of the region, including a few wines from the predominantly red-wine Haut-M\u00e9doc area. But most of Bordeaux\u2019s dry and semi-dry white wines come from the following three districts: [PAR] Pessac-L\u00e9ognan (peh sack leh oh n\u2019yahn) [PAR] Graves (grahv) [PAR] Entre-Deux-Mers (ahn treh douh mare) [PAR] The Pessac-L\u00e9ognan district is the home of Bordeaux\u2019s finest white wines. Most of these wines come from estates that also happen to make fine red wines. The Graves district makes good, dry white wines that are less expensive than those of Pessac-L\u00e9ognan. This area also produces great dessert wines. Entre-Deux-Mers (ahn treh douh mare) is a large district that is known for its inexpensive dry, semi-dry, and sweet white wines, although it also grows reds. [PAR] Other white Bordeaux wines, mainly inexpensive versions, come from grapes grown throughout the Bordeaux region rather than in a specific district; these wines simply carry the region-wide appellation, Bordeaux Blanc. [PAR] Sauvignon Blanc and S\u00e9millon grape varieties [PAR] Sauvignon Blanc is the dominant grape variety (60 to 100 percent) in most of Bordeaux\u2019s dry white wines, whereas S\u00e9millon dominates the sweeter white wines. (A third permitted white grape variety, Muscadelle, plays a minor role in a few wines.) The very best dry white wines of Pessac-L\u00e9ognan contain around 50 percent S\u00e9millon (seh mee yohn). [PAR] Sauvignon Blanc and S\u00e9millon have a fine symbiotic relationship, for the following reasons: [PAR] The Sauvignon Blanc part of the wine offers immediate charm; it\u2019s crisp, lively, herbaceous, light-bodied, and develops early. [PAR] The S\u00e9millon part is slower to open; it\u2019s fuller-bodied, viscous, and honeyed, with lower acidity than the high-acid Sauvignon; it enriches the wine, but needs several years to unfold. [PAR] Most of the better dry white Bordeaux, which are blends of both varieties, are crisp and lively when they\u2019re young, but develop a honeyed, fuller-bodied richness with age. In good vintages, they can age a surprisingly long time \u2014 often for 30 or 40 years or more. [PAR] Drinking white Bordeaux [PAR] Dry white Bordeaux is a versatile wine. It typically goes well with chicken, turkey, veal, and delicate fish entr\u00e9es. It also goes well with soft, mild cheeses; goat cheese is particularly fine with white Bordeaux. [PAR] Like most fine white wines, dry white Bordeaux is best when you serve it slightly cool, but not cold! The ideal serving temperature is in the 58\u00b0F to 62\u00b0F (14\u00b0C to 16\u00b0C) range.[DOC] [TLE] Wine Regions of France | France Travel Guide Wine Regions of France \u2013 France Travel Guide [PAR] in Featured Articles tagged alsace / bordeaux / burgundy / champagne / drinks-guide / Featured Articles / languedoc / loire valley / regions / rhone / top-feature / wine / wine regions in france [PAR] While I certainly drink my fair share of French wine, I am by no means an expert on the various vineyards; nor is my palette sophisticated enough to be able to tell you exactly what hints of what you are tasting. That being said, I do know the various French wine regions and what kinds of wine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leonard Rossiter.com: Career - Cinzano Leonard Rossiter.com: Career - Cinzano [PAR] \"...suffused with herbs and spices from four continents...\" [PAR] [PAR] One of the greatest advertising campaigns in British television history, the Cinzano ads saw a perfect pairing of leading actor and actress, performing brilliantly-written 30-second masterpieces of comedy. Leonard played the pretentious oaf, ostentation personified, against Joan Collins\u2019 prim, straight-laced lady-of-society, Melissa. All ten commercials revolved around the old music-hall trick of the bungling fool always finding a way to, inadvertently of course, throw his drink over the girl, and never realising he had done it. [PAR] During the mid-1970s the Italian drinks manufacturer Martini was busy marketing their product, specifically aimed at the younger generation. Their adverts featured trendy, wealthy, twenty-somethings on private beaches, private yachts, and basically enjoying a lifestyle not accessible to the vast majority of their audience. Cinzano decided to make a humorous spoof on these commercials. Sean Connery and Woody Allen were pencilled in to be the stars, but when top British film director Alan Parker was brought in to direct the first three, the scripts were quickly discarded. (It is interesting to note, however, that the success of the Cinzano adverts actually resulted in an increase in the sales of Martini, as people were so engrossed in the commercials, they forgot what product the stars were advertising and, as Martini was the market leader, it was assumed this was the product being promoted). It was Parker and art director Ron Collins who cast Leonard and Joan, via the Collett, Dickenson, Pearse & Partners advertising agency, a company with a reputation for using celebrities. The company had previously used Leonard Rossiter for a Parker Pens' commercial in 1977, in which he played a traffic warden. \u201cI remember going round to Leonard's house,\" Parker recalls, \"and we agreed the scripts were absolute rubbish. So Leonard said 'What I'd like to do is the old music-hall joke', and we said 'What's that?', so he picked up his cup of tea as we were sitting there in his living room, and he looked at his watch, turning the cup over. And we said 'Yeah, that'll be a good joke, especially if it happens to be Joan Collins you're spilling it on!' \u201c. [PAR] The first commercial, promoting the launch of the first of the Cinzano family of vermouth aperitifs, Cinzano Bianco, was broadcast during 1978, and was an instant success. Alan Parker directed the next two commercials, launching Cinzano Rose and Cinzano Secco, with art direction again by Ron Collins. Leonard choreographed his every move and had much involvement in the scripts and gags. By the end of 1979, the ads had become firm favourites with the viewing public, who never tired of seeing them over and over again. Joan Collins remembers: \"When ITV went on strike viewers wrote in complaining not about the lack of programmes but about not being able to see Joan and Leonard!\". But the best was yet to come. [PAR] The two actors were reported to be paid \u00a330,000 each for the series of commercials. Hugh Hudson stepped in to direct the next two ads, possibly the most memorable of the ten that were made - Airliner and Ski Lodge. Airliner saw the two actors on board an aircraft and, after a near-miss for Melissa when Leonard crosses his legs, sending his seat table flying, she finally gets her soaking when he accidentally hits her seat recline button while she is about to sip her Cinzano. Ski Lodge has an Alpine setting in which the bungling buffoon blusters his way"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2016 Mitsubishi Shogun review | What Car? 2017 Mitsubishi Shogun review | What Car? [PAR] The Mitsubishi Shogun looks good, it's well specified and it\u2019s a proper off-roader. Unfortunately, the on-road drive is less impressive, and the Shogun\u2019s best rivals are far more civilised. [PAR] The Mitsubishi Shogun is great off-road and feels robustly built. It seats up to seven and is well equipped, but it may be the Tonka Toy looks that really appeal [PAR] The Mitsubishi lacks refinement and although the diesel engine has plenty of pulling power, it can still struggle with the weight of the car [PAR] Driving [PAR] What it\u2019s like to drive, and how quiet it is [PAR] Mitsubishi Shogun performance [PAR] The Shogun is impressive off-road and benefits from the 3.2-litre diesel's huge amount of pulling power. The gearboxes have low ratios for added grip and the option of a rear differential lock for super-muddy conditions. On-road, however, the engine can struggle to move the weight of the car, so the Shogun feels very sluggish when overtaking. [PAR] Open Gallery [PAR] Mitsubishi Shogun ride & handling [PAR] You could happily spend hours conquering the roughest off-road terrain in the Shogun, but the picture isn\u2019t so rosy when the surface you\u2019re tackling is more conventional. This huge car feels cumbersome when negotiating bends, not helped by a huge amount of body lean. The ride feels very agricultural on the road, too, with plenty of fidgeting and knocking. [PAR] Mitsubishi Shogun refinement [PAR] The Shogun's diesel is very gruff. It\u2019s not too bad at low off-road speeds. But it\u2019s more tiresome on the asphalt. Higher speeds also generate lots of wind noise around the large door mirrors and upright windscreen. Tyre noise is also too evident."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trees - 13thdruidofavalon.tripod.com Trees [PAR] Trees [PAR] [PAR] Trees have been sacred to humankind and animals alike since the beginning of creation. They are the sanctity, the balance, the protection, the voice, and the promise to all living beings. Its branches span out above as the roots span out below: as above, so below, bringing balance. Its powers bring us the ability to manipulate for the better: and ye harm none. The tree is the fine line that stands between two points. It is the balance that roots itself in the center. It is the sacrificial life that gives itself unselfishly knowing it will be reborn and has done so to help another being. Just as the tree does, so does the druid. [PAR] The Oak, Hawthorn and Ash make up the sacred trio. [PAR] The Nine Sacred Woods used in Nied-Fires Holly, Oak, Pine, Hazel, Juniper, Cedar, Poplar, Apple and Ash. [PAR] The Noble Trees of the Grove Holly, Birch, Alder, Willow, Oak, Hazel and Apple. [PAR] ALDER [PAR] Description:Rapidly growing tree (0.5m pa for first 30 - 40 years) mature at about 60 years with long trunk and narrow crown. Distinctive outline in winter. Requires plenty of light and can be used as pioneer species. Height 20m or more. Age up to 150 years.Very tolerant of water logged conditions whilst dormant. Typical streamside tree and as a specific habitat - Alder Carr - in Lake District and Norfolk Broads. All soil types except poor acid peats. Fixes nitrogen via root nodules and will grow on relatively infertile soils and hence used for site reclamation. Natural throughout British Isles and most of Europe. Grown from seed. The seed does not undergo dormancy by germination rate increased if given a period of moist chilling at 0.5C for up to 10 weeks. The seeds float and are carried by streams naturally germinating in mud. Seeds are red brown [PAR] flakes - 250,000 seeds per Kg. Often rapid growth in first year but best kept in nursery and planted out in second year. Can be beneficially grown with oak on damp sites and ash. The wood is light reddish brown and porous with course texture. [PAR] Uses:Physical:General purpose hardwood and pulpwood. Particularly suitable for turning, formerly used to make clogs. Burns quickly when used for firewood but suitable for charcoal (used to be used for charcoal for gunpowder). Hardens when immersed in water and suitable for making piles. [PAR] Medicinal: [PAR] The bark and leaves contain tannin and have astringent properties. Used in folk medicine to treat chills. [PAR] Legends and Lore: [PAR] It is associated with the Celtic god Bran, as He used His body as a bridge to span dangerous waters. [PAR] [PAR] Wood carving, inlay work, mallets, screws. Good firewood with pleasant aroma. [PAR] Medicinal: [PAR] Other: [PAR] The attractive small fruit are extremely sour but make good jelly by themselves or with blackberries or rowan berries. Crab Apple wine is reported to be potent. [PAR] ASH [PAR] Description:Magnificent large deciduous tree with distinctive black buds in spring. Can be coppiced. Height 45m. Age up to 200 years. Mostly calcerous soils although found on all except poorest and acid soils (above ph 5.5). Surprisingly, a tree that is all male one year can produce female flowers the next, and similarly a female tree can become male. The female flowers develop into fruits, and because they hang in bunches the fruits of the ask tree are known as 'ash keys'.Prefers moist but well drained fertile soils. Up to 450m in altitude. Grows well in mixed stands provided not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Design Company. - Hershey Community Archives Hershey Community Archives \u00bb Blog Archive \u00bb Reese\u2019s Pieces: E.T\u2019s Favorite Candy [PAR] Reese\u2019s Pieces: E.T\u2019s Favorite Candy [PAR] Reese\u2019s Pieces were introduced in 1978. [PAR] [PAR] How a great candy was saved from oblivion by a small alien visitor from outer space OR the story of Reese\u2019s Pieces, E.T.\u2019s favorite candy. [PAR] [PAR] In the 1950s, Hershey Chocolate developed the capability for panning; that is, sugar-coating a product. M&Ms are probably the best known example of a panned candy product. Hershey\u2019s first panned product was Hershey-Ets , candy-coated chocolate discs or lentils. One marketing challenge for this new product was that when the company introduced Hershey-Ets, people would say, \u201cWhat is it?\u201d And to define it, you had to use the competitor\u2019s name. That\u2019s a pretty difficult situation. The product was eventually discontinued, except for holiday and seasonal applications. [PAR] [PAR] Hershey-ets single serving bag, 1 3/4 oz., 1961-1968 [PAR] [PAR] This was Hershey\u2019s first attempt at a marketing a panned product. [PAR] [PAR] Flash forward a couple decades. [PAR] [PAR] In the 1970s, Hershey Chocolate developed a formula for sweetened peanut meal with the consistency of chocolate. It became the basis for Reese\u2019s Pieces, which were made using the same procedures and equipment as Hershey-Ets. [PAR] [PAR] The new product was originally named PBs. But PBs wasn\u2019t a proper name and the product was soon rechristened Reese\u2019s Pieces. [PAR] [PAR] At that time, Hershey was building a new manufacturing plant in Stuart\u2019s Draft, Virginia, and Hershey planned to manufacture Reese\u2019s Pieces there, in addition to the manufacturing in Hershey. [PAR] [PAR] Hershey Chocolate supported the introduction of Reese\u2019s Pieces with advertising and promotional coupons. 1980 [PAR] [PAR] The product launch was successful. Reese\u2019s Pieces sales went up significantly, held a little bit and then started coming down, not at an alarming rate, but it was certainly a bit disturbing, particularly since the company was in the process of building additional manufacturing capability. [PAR] [PAR] About that time, Hershey Chocolate received a call from Universal Studios, and they said that Steven Spielberg was producing a movie called \u201cE.T.,\u201d and they had decided to use Reese\u2019s Pieces and the candy would play a featured part in the picture. Over the phone, Universal invited Hershey to cooperate by promoting the picture. [PAR] [PAR] Jack Dowd, then Director, New Products Development, traveled to California to meet officials from Universal Studios. The plot was sketched out, and Universal explained that this creature was lured into the house by Reese\u2019s Pieces. The vice president said to Jack that they had decided not to use M&Ms. Trying to come up with an alternative candy, he had asked his son, \u201cWhat would you use?\u201d And his son said, \u201cReese\u2019s Pieces.\u201d The vice president said he had never heard of Reese\u2019s Pieces until that moment. [PAR] [PAR] Dowd thought the project looked like something worthwhile. Dowd knew Reese\u2019s Pieces needed some special promotion to save it. He agreed that Hershey Chocolate would support the movie with about a million dollars\u2019 worth of marketing. Hershey would create consumer promotions, trade promotions, and displays, featuring \u201cE.T.\u201d In return, Hershey Chocolate would have an exclusive in the confectionery field for promotion and advertising. [PAR] [PAR] This was the first time Hershey Chocolate had agreed to partner with Hollywood in the promotion of a movie and its use of a Hershey product. [PAR] [PAR] Jack Dowd, in his 1991 oral history interview, remembered: [PAR] [PAR] So I came home and informed Earl Spangler (Hershey Chocolate president) and the staff that we were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] USCSS Nostromo - Xenopedia - Wikia USCSS Nostromo | Xenopedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015 Hoop to Ripley , regarding the Nostromo (from Alien: Out of the Shadows ) [PAR] Following its destruction, the Nostromo incident was subject to a cover up. The Weyland-Yutani personnel who had given the ship its secret mission to LV-426 destroyed all records of ever having done so, along with any information regarding the emergency beacon being transmitted by the derelict ship on LV-426. [8] The beacon itself was later deactivated by the crew of the Anesidora . [9] Weyland-Yutani lost a substantial amount of money as a result of the Nostromo's disappearance, a fact that no doubt helped facilitate the cover up \u2014 the incident became a black mark in the company's records, and consequently it was something of a taboo subject amongst employees. [10] The loss of the Nostromo was relegated to the pages of history where it went down as lost without a trace. [11] [PAR] Crew [PAR] Edit [PAR] The Nostromo's name was taken from the eponymous hero of the 1904 novel Nostromo by Joseph Conrad . The ship was originally called the Snark, then later the Leviathan, before Ridley Scott chose the name Nostromo due to his love of Conrad's works. [13] People and places from Conrad's works would go on to feature repeatedly as the names of space-going vessels in the Alien franchise , inspiring the names of the Narcissus (also from Alien ), the USS Sulaco (from Aliens ), the USCSS Patna (from Alien3 ), the USS Verloc (from Aliens versus Predator 2 ), the USS Marlow (from Aliens vs. Predator ) and the USS Sephora (from Aliens: Colonial Marines ). [PAR] Scale models [PAR] Edit [PAR] Three scale models of the Nostromo were made for filming: a 12-inch (30 cm) version for medium and long shots, a 4-foot (1.2 m) version for rear shots and a 12-foot (3.7 m), 7-short-ton (6.4 t) rig for the undocking and planetoid surface sequences. The latter of these was so large it could only be moved using a forklift truck, which would plug into two slots on the back of the model. [14] The basic outlines of the smaller models were made of wood and plastic, while the larger had a welded metal frame. Most of the fine surface details were added from model kits of battleships, tanks and World War II bombers, while the miniature of the attached refinery contained parts from several Star Wars model kits in its construction \u2014 the release mechanism that secures the Nostromo to the refinery featured the legs of R2-D2 as decorations on its upper surface, [14] while the refinery's underside incorporated panels from Darth Vader's TIE fighter. [15] [PAR] Filming of the miniatures took place at Bray Studios near Maidenhead, Berkshire. The Nostromo models were originally painted yellow. However, after the model unit had spent several weeks filming the model, Scott decided to repaint the ship grey and reshoot all of the model work himself. At one point, the refinery being towed by the Nostromo featured towering spires considerably higher than those that appear in the final film, but just before filming Ridley Scott personally removed the upper sections (allegedly with a hammer and chisel). [14] A separate model, approximately 40 feet (12 m) long, was created for the Nostromo's underside, from which the Narcissus would detach and along which Kane's body was launched during the funeral scene. [14] For the scene in which the Nostromo detaches from the refinery, a 30-foot (9.1 m) docking arm miniature was created"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] batman - What is the Joker's real name? - Science Fiction ... batman - What is the Joker's real name? - Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange [PAR] What is the Joker's real name? [PAR] up vote 70 down vote favorite [PAR] 4 [PAR] Most villians who take on an alias do so to hide their real names or to show they have become the villian or whatnot. [PAR] What about the Joker? I know he has a real name because he wasn't always the Joker, but is it ever revealed in any comics? [PAR] 14 [PAR] [PAR] Actually, I DO know the answer, but if I told you he'd kill me. \u2013 Jeff Oct 14 '11 at 20:13 [PAR] [PAR] @Jeff Don't worry, it'd be kept secret... \u2013 user931 Apr 18 '14 at 9:37 [PAR] 5 [PAR] Joseph \"Joe\" Kerr. \u2013 Oldcat Jul 2 '14 at 20:54 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] His real name is Riddler - it's a joke he has with the Riddler, whose real name is Joker ;) \u2013 Often Right Aug 12 '15 at 4:36 [PAR] [PAR] He has a multiple-choice past. (TV Tropes link. You are warned.) [PAR] The above pictures show 3 of the histories the character has had, and they aren't even the tip of the iceberg. [PAR] He certainly had a real name, but he's so far gone that I doubt he remembers it himself. Most tragically, in one issue of Justice League, the Martian Manhunter takes Batman's psyche to the one place that no one will ever think to look for him (they're being hunted by someone) - the deepest, darkest place in Joker's mind. In it is just one man, who is terrified and alone, not sure where he is or who he is. It's implied this is all that remains of Joker's sanity. [PAR] +1 for a great link! \u2013 System Down Oct 14 '11 at 16:14 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] If I remember that particular comic, then these three are not mutually exclusive pasts he is showing us. In which case he has more of a \"Mix-and-Match\" past. \u2013 SteveED Feb 27 '12 at 22:53 [PAR] 30 [PAR] [PAR] stack exchange needs one of those landing pages for tvtropes link. \"You are now leaving stack exchange and entering tvtropes. click [OK] to forfeit the remainder of your afternoon.\" \u2013 KutuluMike Jul 23 '12 at 14:52 [PAR] 2 [PAR] [PAR] Must not click on the link, must not click on the link, must not click on the link, must not click on the link... \u2013 user8719 Apr 19 '13 at 13:20 [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] @Chronicle: TVTropes is a time-sucker for 99% of people. Once you enter, you lose hours. \u2013 Jeff Apr 18 '14 at 12:55 [PAR] up vote 5 down vote [PAR] As mentioned in the above answers, there's not a definitive answer. In the \"A Death in the Family\" storyline, there's a point where Batman scares The Joker into running by implying that he knows The Joker's real name, which he'll reveal, breaking the mystery. [PAR] At the end of that storyline, it's revealed that Batman was bluffing and he still has no idea. [PAR] The closes we've come to a canonical answer is in Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight issue #50 where a man, Melvin Reipan, is introduced as an idiot savant who actually invents Joker Venom. He addresses The Joker as \"Cousin Ja\u2014\" before being cut off. Note that \"Reipan\" is \"Napier\" backwards and the form of address suggests that The Joker might have a first name of Jack. [PAR] But, of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jodie Foster 'Taxi Driver' costume - Business Insider Jodie Foster 'Taxi Driver' costume - Business Insider [PAR] print [PAR] Jodie Foster. Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty [PAR] The Tribeca Film Festival held a 40th anniversary screening of \"Taxi Driver\" Thursday night, and many of the principals behind the movie were there to talk about it, including director Martin Scorsese, screenwriter Paul Schrader, and stars Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shephard, and Harvey Keitel. [PAR] During the talk, Foster, who was 13 at the time of shooting, revealed what she thought of the costumes she had to wear to play Iris, the prostitute Travis Bickle (De Niro) saves at the end of the movie. [PAR] \"I was mortified,\" she told the audience at the Beacon Theater in New York City. \"Just the hot pants and the dumb hat and the sunglasses. The first day I met the costume designer and put on the clothes, I cried.\" [PAR] Jodie Foster played a 12-year-old prostitute in the movie \"Taxi Driver.\" AP Photo [PAR] Foster also said she had to go through a four-hour psychiatric evaluation just to star in the film. [PAR] \"The Board of Education didn't want me to work on it,\" Foster said. \"A young actor needs to have a tutor on set and they said I couldn't have one so we hired a lawyer and they had to determine if I was psychologically sane enough to play the part and I passed.\" [PAR] When the film was released in 1976, some criticized the fact that Foster was subjected to such mature material, including a lot of violence, at a young age. But Foster said during the talk that she enjoyed the experience immensely, especially all of the fake blood in the movie's gory finale. [PAR] \"Seeing these big gallons of kyro syrup [fake blood] and all the guys would teach me what they were doing with it, it was fascinating,\" she said. \"People asked me how frightening that last scene was to shoot. Honestly, it was kind of fun.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Crow <Accidents during filming> The Crow <Accidents during filming> [PAR] A C C I D E N T S W H E N F I L M I N G [PAR] Many accidents are reported to have occurred during the filming of The Crow, but one stands out from the others - the one that caused the death of Brandon Lee. [PAR] Several explainations have been put forward as to the exact circumstances of Brandon's death. Some say it was a freak accident, some say incompetence (on the part of several people) was to blame, and some even say it was murder... [PAR] So which scene was being filmed at the time? [PAR] Filming was taking place in the loft set (Eric and Shelley's apartment). The scene in question is near the beginning of the film, when T-Bird, Funboy and the others 'pay Eric & Shelley a visit' and kill Eric.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Funboy (Michael Massee) points a gun at Eric and fires.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The shot injures Brandon Lee who later died of his injuries. The camera is on Funboy throughout the gunshot.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd It's possible that Funboy taking the shot was re-filmed, but the shot that was seen to be fired in the film is probably the one that killed Brandon.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd There was also a camera behind Funboy, filming Brandon.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The film shot by this camera (and any others that could see Brandon) was destroyed without being developed.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd There were eight days of filming left to complete when Brandon was killed, mostly involving the loft set.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The majority of this was completed using digital effects. (see the Trivia/Production page - the 'Life After Death' section). [PAR] An article in Martial Arts Illustrated' (Feb '95) describes the incident thus: [PAR] \"A few minutes before the fatal scene where Brandon Lee was shot, the actor Michael Massee (who played Funboy) pointed the actual .44 Magnum at Lee in order to save time. After these trial scenes, the man in charge of accessories (the 'propsmaster'), 'Mr. X', filled the Magnum with blanks, but forgot to check the barrel. (Apparently, the armsmaster whose job this was, was away from the set for the day). [PAR] Now, a few days earlier, not having any such blanks, a DIY guy had emptied out real bullets to use in their place. When fired, a light detonation, due to the remainder of powder, forced a piece of cartridge into the barrel, henceforth it blocked. As nobody took the trouble to check and clean the gun, it was in this state that the .44 Magnum came to be used in the scene. [PAR] The cameras started rolling: Michael Massee takes up his position a short distance away from Brandon; too short, as all the professionals will tell you, as a blank fired at a few metres can cause serious damage. Added to this, Michael Massee, off balance, fired right at Brandon instead of aiming just above his shoulders. When the shot was fired, the sound was deafening, the powder from the blanks violently thrust the cartridge in Brandon Lee's direction. As planned, the star pushed at that instant, the button on the detonator releasing the blood sacks he was wearing. Seriously injured as the scene dictated, Brandon Lee/Eric Draven drags himself along the floor whilst the actor David Patrick Kelly (T-Bird) hurls abuse at him. As a result of the tension created by the scene, nobody yet suspected the accident. There was a general feeling that if Brandon Lee wasn't following the plan precisely it was due to the fact that he was a great actor, that he improvised."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cars in The Italian Job (1969) - About.com Autos Cars in The Italian Job (1969) [PAR] \u2022 Mini Coopers [PAR] They're not terribly exotic, but you can't talk about The Italian Job without talking about the trio of Mini Coopers in red, white, and blue that do the work of get away cars. The stunts they perform are equally amazing and adorable, with a ridiculously fun soundtrack by Quincy Jones playing in the background. It's improbably that they could each tote more than 300 pounds of gold, but they have been souped up by guys in matching red, white, and blue jumpsuits, so ... [PAR] Engine: 1.3-liter inline 4-cylinder"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Academy Awards Best Actor - Filmsite.org Academy Awards Best Actor [PAR] The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) ); two were consecutive nominations (from 1930/31-1931/32) [PAR] Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins (Philadelphia (1993), Forrest Gump (1994)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1993-1994) [PAR] Sean Penn (5) - with two wins (Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008)); nominations were from 1995-2008 [PAR] The Most Best Actor Nominations: [PAR] Actors with the highest number of Best Actor acting nominations (in parentheses) include: [PAR] Spencer Tracy (9) - with two wins [PAR] Laurence Olivier (9) - with one win (Hamlet (1948)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1939-1940) [PAR] Jack Nicholson (8) - with two wins [PAR] Paul Newman (8) - with one win (The Color of Money (1986)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1981-1982) [PAR] Peter O'Toole (8) - with no wins; two were consecutive nominations (from 1968-1969); nominations from 1962-2006 [PAR] Marlon Brando (7) - with two wins [PAR] Dustin Hoffman (7) - with two wins [PAR] Jack Lemmon (7) - with one win (Save the Tiger (1973)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1959-1960, and from 1979-1980) [PAR] Paul Muni (6) - with one win (The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1935-1937) [PAR] Richard Burton (6) - with no wins; three were consecutive nominations (from 1964-1966) [PAR] Gary Cooper (5) - with two wins [PAR] Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins [PAR] Fredric March (5) - with two wins [PAR] Sean Penn (5) - with two wins [PAR] Daniel Day-Lewis (5) - with three wins [PAR] James Stewart (5) - with one win ( [PAR] Anthony Hopkins (3) - with one win ( The Silence of the Lambs (1991) ); nominations from 1991-1995 [PAR] Russell Crowe (3) - with one win (Gladiator (2000)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1999-2001) [PAR] Jeff Bridges (3) - with one win (Crazy Heart (2009)); nominations from 1984-2010 [PAR] George Clooney (3) - with no wins; nominations from 2007-2011 [PAR] Consecutive Best Actor-Winning Performers: [PAR] There are only two actresses (Luise Rainer and Katharine Hepburn) who have received two consecutive Best Actress awards, as there are only two actors who have received two consecutive Best Actor statuette wins: [PAR] Spencer Tracy (Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)) [PAR] Tom Hanks (Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994)) [PAR] [Note: Jason Robards won two consecutive Best Supporting Actor Oscars in 1976 and 1977.] [PAR] Winners of Both a Lead and Supporting Actor Oscar: [PAR] In 1997, Jack Nicholson tied Walter Brennan for the most wins (3) for a male performer (Brennan has three Best Supporting Actor trophies, Nicholson has two for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting Actor). The only stars to win both a Best Actor and a Best Supporting Actor (BSA) Oscar are the following: [PAR] Jack Nicholson (BA for [PAR] Gene Hackman (BA for The French Connection (1971) , BSA for Unforgiven (1992) ) [PAR] Kevin Spacey (BA for American Beauty (1999), BSA for The Usual Suspects (1995)) [PAR] Denzel Washington (BA for Training Day (2001), BSA for Glory (1989)) [PAR] The Only Best Actor Tie: [PAR] In the Best Actor category, an unusual tie (the only occurrence among male acting performances) occurred in 1931/32 between Wallace Beery and Fredric March, for their respective performances in The Champ (1931/32) and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931/32). [PAR] The Most Best Actor Oscar Nominations - Without Winning: [PAR] Peter O'Toole is the only star with eight Best Actor Oscar nominations without a single win. His record extends 44 years, from 1962 to 2006. [PAR] Richard"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mad Max Primer: Is 'Fury Road' a Sequel or Prequel? Should ... Mad Max Primer: Is 'Fury Road' a Sequel or Prequel? Should You See 3D? - Page 2 of 2 - /Film [PAR] Mad Max Primer: Is \u2018Fury Road\u2019 a Sequel or Prequel? Should You See 3D? [PAR] Posted on Friday, May 15th, 2015 by Russ Fischer [PAR] The action is insane whether you see it in 2D or 3D\u2026 and 2D makes seeing all the weird details easier. [PAR] Should I See Fury Road in 3D? [PAR] Our advice would be to see 2D if you have a choice \u2014 this is a film with an incredible amount of constantly-moving detail, and 2D is going to be the best way to see all of that. Seriously: nearly every frame in this film is bristling with little thoughts and concepts. There\u2019s a whole world here, and you want to see it all. [PAR] When George Miller had the chance to present the movie to press for the first time here in Los Angeles, he showed the film in 2D. That\u2019s a pretty good endorsement. [PAR] That said, I\u2019m catching the IMAX 3D presentation this weekend out of curiosity, and if you have access to a theater with reliably bright and well-calibrated projection, it should still look great in 3D. Plus, there are a couple bits in the film that are clearly designed as 3D gags. [PAR] Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, 1985 [PAR] Can You Recap the Other Mad Max Films? [PAR] Sure! We\u2019ll make this quick and as non-spoiler as possible. [PAR] The original Mad Max, released in 1979, established Mel Gibson\u2019s character Max Rockatansky, a cop in a society that had mostly broken down, and who is pretty much broken down himself by the end of the film. It\u2019s a pretty small movie with a group of cops in conflict with a gang led by a poetic villain called The Toecutter. The bad guys want revenge for the death of one of their own, and the cops go after the gang for their flagrant bad-ness. Max is kinda caught in the middle, and it isn\u2019t until the gang violently impacts his own life that he really goes into \u201cmad\u201d mode. [PAR] The Road Warrior, from 1981, is the film most like a chronological sequel in the series than any other. Max, driving the same car and bearing his wounds from the first movie, comes across a motorized gang besieging a stronghold built around an oil well and minor gasoline refinery. Pulled into that conflict, Max looks out for himself throughout, but ends up helping the oil refiners in their attempt to escape the gang forces led by a hulking but well-spoken chieftain who calls himself Lord Humongous. The Road Warrior is the movie that really made this series weird, and it [PAR] (The film is really called Mad Max 2, but was retitled for US release; the thinking was that not enough people knew what Mad Max was.) [PAR] The third film, Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, from 1985, is even more loose as a chronological sequel, but close enough. Max, in pursuit of stolen property, meanders into Bartertown, a rough attempt at civilization jump-started by the entrepreneurial Aunty Entity (Tina Turner). A power struggle in Bartertown leads Max to shelter in a cove inhabited by a Lost Boys-like band of kids who think Max is their savior. [PAR] All three films end with Max essentially alone, and The Road Warrior and Thunderdome are both narrated by characters who place Max in a position of near-legend. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and ... Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and their descendants? [PAR] Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and their descendants? [PAR] [PAR] Subscribe to our Question of the Week : [PAR] Question: \"Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and their descendants?\" [PAR] Answer: Noah had three sons born to him, Shem, Ham, and Japheth , before God sent a flood to destroy the world (Genesis 5:32). Whenever the names of Noah\u2019s three sons are recorded, Shem is always mentioned first (e.g., Genesis 9:18; 10:2, 21), even though Shem was the second-born (the Bible often lists people according to prominence rather than age). Japheth was the oldest (Genesis 10:21), and Ham was the youngest (Genesis 9:24). [PAR] Japheth was born when Noah was 500 years old, and the flood came 100 years later (Genesis 7:6\u20137). Since Shem was 100 two years after the flood (Genesis 11:10), he must have been born when Noah was 502 years old. There is no record of when Ham was born other than the fact that he was born sometime after Shem (Genesis 9:24). [PAR] \u201cShem was the ancestor of all the sons of Eber\u201d (Genesis 10:21), and this is important because the word Eber is the origin of the Hebrew word for \u201cHebrew.\u201d The word Shem means \u201cname,\u201d which implies that Noah expected this son\u2019s name to become great. He was right\u2014the modern words Semitic and Semite are derived from Shem\u2019s name. The Bible records that Shem had five sons: Elam, Ashur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram (Genesis 10:22). Shem lived to be 600 years of age (Genesis 11:10\u201311) and became the ancestor of the Semitic peoples (Genesis 10:1, 21\u201331). Abraham, a descendant of Shem, is the first person in the Bible who is referred to as a \u201cHebrew\u201d (Genesis 14:13). [PAR] Noah blessed Shem above his brothers (Genesis 9:26\u201327), and it was through Shem that the promised seed destined to crush Satan came (Genesis 3:15). That seed is traced back to Adam\u2019s son Seth (Genesis 5:1\u201332), through Shem, and on to Abraham, Judah, and David, leading all the way to Christ (Luke 3:36). [PAR] Shem\u2019s son Elam was the father of the Elamites, who later settled east of Mesopotamia. Shem\u2019s son Ashur, whose name is related to the word Assyria, is most likely is the father of those who settled the ancient region of Assyria (Genesis 2:14). Arphaxad is thought by many scholars to be a compound form of the Hebrew word for \u201cChaldea,\u201d which was a region in southern Mesopotamia (Genesis 11:10\u201313). It was through Arphaxad that Eber came. Scholars believe that the descendants of Shem\u2019s son Lud became known as the Lydians of Asia Minor. And Aram is identified by Bible scholars with the area northeast of the Promised Land, known today as Syria (cf. 2 Kings 16:6). The sons of Aram are listed in Genesis 10:23. Of Aram\u2019s sons, Uz is later referred to in the book of Job (Job 1:1). [PAR] Noah\u2019s firstborn son, Japheth, is listed as the father of Gomer, Magog , Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras (Genesis 10:2). Their descendants became the people who lived to the north and west of Israel and, after Babel, spoke what today are classified as Indo-European languages. [PAR] In blessing his son Japheth, Noah said, \u201cMay God extend Japheth\u2019s territory; / may Japheth live in the tents of Shem, / and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth\u201d (Genesis 9:27). There are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of David Bowie's Berlin Trilogy: 'Low ... The History of David Bowie's Berlin Trilogy: 'Low,' 'Heroes' and 'Lodger' [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Hulton Archive, Getty Images [PAR] By 1976, David Bowie \u2019s life in Los Angeles was in free fall. Though \u201cFame\u201d and \u201cGolden Years\u201d were Top 10 hits the year before, Bowie was lost in a haze of cocaine addiction. To escape the drug scene in L.A., Bowie and wife Angela headed for Europe; after stops in Switzerland and France, Bowie settled in Berlin, a city then still divided by the Berlin Wall. The next three years would be one of Bowie\u2019s most productive periods, as he recorded a trio of albums that became known as his Berlin Trilogy. Low and Heroes debuted in 1977, with Lodger arriving two years later. [PAR] \u201cLife in L.A. had left me with an overwhelming sense of foreboding,\u201d Bowie told Uncut . \u201cI had approached the brink of drug-induced calamity one too many times, and it was essential to take some kind of positive action. For many years Berlin had appealed to me as a sort of sanctuary-like situation. It was one of the few cities where I could move around in virtual anonymity. I was going broke; it was cheap to live. For some reason, Berliners just didn\u2019t care. Well, not about an English rock singer, anyway.\u201d [PAR] Angela Bowie, in Backstage Passes: Life on the Wild Side with David Bowie, said that \u201cBerlin called to him in other ways. He chose to live in a section of the city as bleak, anonymous, and culturally lost as possible: Schoneberg, populated largely by Turkish immigrants. He took an apartment above an auto parts store and ate at the local workingmen\u2019s cafe. Talk about alienation.\u201d [PAR] Bowie was joined in Berlin by Iggy Pop , who was battling his own issues with heroin. Bowie would produce Iggy\u2019s solo albums The Idiot and Lust for Life in 1977. Brian Eno of Roxy Music and longtime Bowie producer Tony Visconti also came to Berlin; they would contribute to all three of Bowie\u2019s subsequent Berlin projects. [PAR] \u201cWorking with Bowie is much more than going to a studio,\u201d Visconti told Sound On Sound . \u201cIt\u2019s a social event, too. We would eat together, go to shows together, go to clubs together, and really soak in the local culture. That was always his way of working.\u201d [PAR] Listen to David Bowie Perform \u2018Sound and Vision [PAR] Subscribe to Ultimate Classic Rock on [PAR] For Low and Heroes, Bowie shifted to ambient music, focusing on tone and atmosphere rather of traditional rock riffs. It wasn\u2019t until Lodger that Bowie returned to guitar-based rock. Sales of the albums were respectable but disappointing to RCA Records, because they failed to spin off any hit singles in the U.S. [PAR] Bowie told NYRock that despite his drug problems, Low \u201cwas a relatively straight album. It didn\u2019t come from a drug place. And I realized at the time that it was important music. It was one of the better things I\u2019d ever written \u2013 Low, specifically. That was the start, probably for me, of a new way of looking at life.\u201d [PAR] Recorded in France and Germany, the album\u2019s spacey effects were largely created by Eno, who played a portable EMS Synthi A synthesizer. Visconti used an Eventide Harmonizer to alter the sound of the drums; the producer claimed the audio processor \u201cf\u2013s with the fabric of time.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIt wasn\u2019t a difficult album to make; we were freewheeling, making our own rules,\u201d Visconti told Uncut. \u201cBut David was going"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CERBERUS : Three-headed guard dog of ... - Greek mythology CERBERUS (Kerberos) - Three-Headed Hound of Hades of Greek Mythology [PAR] Death-Darkness? [PAR] Heracles and Cerberus the hound of Hades, Caeretan black-figure hydria C6th B.C., Mus\u00e9e du Louvre [PAR] KERBEROS (Cerberus) was the gigantic, three-headed hound of Haides which guarded the gates of the underworld and prevented the escape of the shades of the dead. [PAR] Kerberos was depicted as a three-headed dog with a serpent's tail, mane of snakes, and a lion's claws. According to some he had fifty heads although this count may have included the serpents of his mane. [PAR] Herakles (Heracles) was sent to fetch Kerberos as one of his twelve labours, a task which he accomplished with the aid of the goddess Persephone . [PAR] Kerberos' name perhaps means \"Death-Daemon of the Dark\" from the ancient Greek words k\u00ear and erebos. [PAR] FAMILY OF CERBERUS [PAR] [1.1] TYPHOEUS & EKHIDNA (Hesiod Theogony 310, Quintus Smyrnaeus 6.260, Hyginus Pref & Fab 30) [PAR] [1.2] EKHIDNA (Bacchylides Frag 5, Ovid Metamorphoses 7.412) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] CE\u2032RBERUS (Kerberos), the many-headed dog that guarded the entrance of Hades, is mentioned as early as the Homeric poems, but simply as \"the dog,\" and without the name of Cerberus. (Il. viii. 368, Od. xi. 623.) Hesiod, who is the first that gives his name and origin, calls him (Theog. 311) fifty-headed and a son of Typhaon and Echidna. Later writers describe him as a monster with only three heads, with the tail of a serpent and a mane consisting of the heads of various snakes. (Apollod. ii. 5. \u00a7 12; Eurip. Here. fur. 24, 611; Virg. Aen. vi. 417; Ov. Met. iv. 449.) Some poets again call him many-headed or hundred-headed. (Horat. Carm. ii. 13. 34; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 678; Senec. Here. fur. 784.) The place where Cerberus kept watch was according to some at the mouth of the Acheron, and according to others at the gates of Hades, into which he admitted the shades, but never let them out again. [PAR] Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. [PAR] ALTERNATE NAMES [PAR] Heracles, Cerberus and Hecate, Apulian red-figure volute krater C4th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen [PAR] Homer, Iliad 8. 366 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : [PAR] \"If in the wiliness of my heart I [Athene] had had thoughts like his, when Herakles (Heracles) was sent down to Haides of the Gates, to hale back from Erebos (the Dark) the hound of the grisly death god (Haides Stygeros), never would he have got clear of the steep-dripping water Styx.\" [PAR] [N.B. In Homer the dog is just called \"the hound of Haides.\" Hesiod is the first author to give it the name Kerberos (Cerberus).] [PAR] Homer, Odyssey 11. 623 ff (trans. Shewring) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : [PAR] \"[The ghost of Herakles addresses Odysseus in Hades :] \u2018He [Eurystheus] once sent me even here [to Haides] to fetch away the hound of Haides, for he thought no task could be more fearsome for me than that. But I brought the hound out of Haides' house and up to earth, because Hermes helped me on my way, and gleaming-eyed Athene.\u2019\" [PAR] Hesiod, Theogony 310 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : [PAR] \"Typhaon [Typhoeus] . . . was joined in love to her [Ekhidna (Echidna)] . . . And next again she bore the unspeakable, unmanageable Kerberos (Cerberus), the savage, the bronze-barking dog of Haides, fifty-headed, and powerful, and without pity.\" [PAR] Hesiod, Theogony 769 ff : [PAR] \"And before them [the halls"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ironman Triathlon | IronMate Ironman Triathlon | IronMate [PAR] Ironman Triathlon [PAR] Ironman Triathlons [PAR] The Ironman triathlon is a non-stop event consisting of swimming 2.4 miles (3.8k) cycling 112 miles (180km) then running a marathon 26.2 miles (42.2km). [PAR] The men\u2019s wining time is between 8 -9 hours depending on the toughness of the course and the first female to finish is 9 hours \u20139 hours: 30 minutes. There is often a deadline or cut off time in which to be an official finisher you must finish in less than 15 hours 30 minutes to17 hours according to the individual race organization. The average time depends on the course but is usually 11-12 hours (males) and 12-13 hours for females. [PAR] Women have often finished in the top 20 overall amongst the full time professional men. The biggest average age groups are between 35-44 years. The oldest competitor is often in their late 60\u2019s and can be 70+. [PAR] Athletes come from all different sports badminton, windsurfing, ice hockey, running, swimming, cycling. [PAR] It is suggested that you compete in shorter triathlons for a number of years building up in distance to half Ironman before you attempt a full distance Ironman triathlon. [PAR] To qualify for the Hawaii Ironman world triathlon championships you need to finish high in your age group in one of the many official half Ironman or full distance triathlons around the world. [PAR] The following pages include information on training schedules, training and racing mistakes, frequently asked questions, Ironman triathlons around the world course information, training for the Ironman next year and what to do? [PAR] If you found my web sie helpful remember to send a link to a friend, thanks [PAR] Don't miss.... more from Ironmate Mark. [PAR] Which Ironman do should I choose? [PAR] Choose an event you can prepare for? [PAR] This is what marathon runners who are training for the Ironman need to know [PAR] [PAR] INFORMATION ON EACH AND EVERY IRONMAN WORLDWIDE [PAR] The following will be updated on a regular basis. [PAR] Will include details of the race course,special needs bags."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the inside corner of your eye called? | Reference.com What is the inside corner of your eye called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the inside corner of your eye called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] According to Stanford Children's Health, the inside corner of the eye is called the lacrimal caruncle. This small pink nodule is made of modified oil and sweat glands, and it may become inflamed and itchy in response to allergies. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] According to the US National Library of Medicine, the lacrimal gland is located to the side of the lacrimal caruncle. It continuously secretes tears to moisten, lubricate and protect the eye's surface. The lacrimal caruncle has two openings on both sides that suction the excessive moisture from the eyes as soon as the upper eye comes back up after an individual blink."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] what is the white half circle on your fingernail? - Nail ... what is the white half circle on your fingernail? - Nail Problems Message Board - HealthBoards [PAR] Nail Problems Message Board [PAR] HealthBoards > Skin & Beauty > Nail Problems > what is the white half circle on your fingernail? [PAR] what is the white half circle on your fingernail? [PAR] [PAR] Posts: 0 [PAR] what is the white half circle on your fingernail? [PAR] what is the white half circle on your fingernail and what does it mean if you dont have one? [PAR] [PAR] Posts: 2,603 [PAR] Re: what is the white half circle on your fingernail? [PAR] The white half-moon at the base of the nail is called the Lunula and is the leading edge of the Matrix where the nail plate cells are 'born'. The longer the lunula, the thicker the nail plate. One can usualy see the Lunula on the thumbs, forefingers, middle fingers and a little bit on the ring finger, but rarely on the pinkie finger. If you do not see the Lunula on your nails, it just means that your nail plate is thinner because of reduced nail plate cell production. This is always genetic and doesn't mean that there is anything wrong with your nails."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What\u2019s That Called? \u2013 Dictionary of Facial Piercings What\u2019s That Called? \u2013 Dictionary of Facial Piercings [PAR] You are here: Home / Amazing Body Modifications / What\u2019s That Called? \u2013 Dictionary of Facial Piercings [PAR] What\u2019s That Called? \u2013 Dictionary of Facial Piercings [PAR] August 1, 2011 By lulu 23 Comments [PAR] As promised, here is the next installment of the piercing dictionary. This time we go through the facial piercings, which I\u2019ve split up by general area for easier flow. Enjoy! [PAR] Nose [PAR] Standard \u201cNose Piercing:\u201d a piercing of either nostril, normally worn as a stud or a ring . [PAR] Septum: a piercing of the septum , which is the area between the two nostrils. [PAR] Bridge: a piercing of the nose bridge. [PAR] Vertical Bridge or \u201cthird eye:\u201d a vertical surface piercing or dermal piercing at the top of the nose\u2019s bridge or directly between the eyebrows. [PAR] Mouth [PAR] Medusa: a piercing of the philtrum (the dent in the upper lip just below the septum.) [PAR] Jestrum or \u201cvertical medusa:\u201d a vertical piercing through the philtrum in which both ends are visible. [PAR] Monroe: any piercing of the upper lip underneath the nose. (This piercing is named for Marylin Monroe and her signature beauty mark, but over the years it has also come to be know by the names \u201cMadonna\u201d and \u201cCrawford,\u201d referencing other icons who have also been known for moles or beauty marks in the same area.) [PAR] Labret: any piercing below the lower lip. [PAR] Vertical Labret: a verticle piercing directly through the lower lip in which both ends are visible. [PAR] Lowbret: this is what very low labret type piercings that rest on the surface of the chin are called. [PAR] Snake Bites: a set of two lower lip piercings, one on either side of the face. [PAR] Spider Bites: a set of two lower lip piercings right next to each other on the same side. [PAR] Angel Bites: a set of two piercings just above the upper lip, one on either side. [PAR] Eyes and Cheeks [PAR] Eyebrow Piercing: any piercing through the skin of the eyebrow . [PAR] Anti-eyebrow Piercing: a surface piercing next to the eyebrow or below the outer corner of the eye. [PAR] Eyelid Piercing: this is just what it sounds like; a piercing of the actual eyelid. It can be done horizontally near the crease like a surface piercing, or be a single piercing through the lid near the lash line. Amazing, huh?! [PAR] Dimple Piercing: a piercing through the natural cheek dimple, or in the case of not having dimples, through the spot on the cheek where a dimple would normally be. [PAR] Join me next time as we take a look at all the different piercings that can be done inside the mouth and on the tongue!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spur - PediaView.com Spur [PAR] Spur [PAR] Western-style cowboy spurs with rowels, chap guards and buttons for the spur straps [PAR] A spur is a metal tool designed to be worn in pairs on the heels of riding boots for the purpose of directing a horse to move forward or laterally while riding . It is usually used to refine the riding aids (commands) and to back up the natural aids (the leg, seat, hands and voice). The spur is used in many equestrian disciplines. There are rules in most equestrian organizations about spur design, use and penalties for using spurs in any manner that constitutes animal abuse . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 7 References [PAR] Etymology [PAR] This very old word derives from Anglo-Saxon spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. Medieval High German Sporn, modern German Sporn, Dutch spoor, Frisian spoar. [1] The generalized sense of \u201canything that urges on, stimulus\u201d is recorded in English from circa 1390. [PAR] Design [PAR] Parts of a simple spur [PAR] The parts of a spur include: [PAR] The \u201cyoke\u201d, \u201cbranch\u201d, or \u201cheel band\u201d, which wraps around the heel of the boot. [PAR] The \u201cshank\u201d or \u201cneck\u201d, which extends from the back of the yoke and is the area that touches the horse. [PAR] The rowel, seen on some spurs, a revolving wheel or disk with radiating \u201cpoints\u201d at the end attached to the shank. [PAR] Spur straps on an English \u201cPrince of Wales\u201d spur [PAR] Spurs are usually held on by a leather or leather-like strap, called a spur strap, that goes over the arch of the foot and under the sole in front of the boot heel. Some western designs have a leather strap that goes only over the top, with a heel chain or a rubber \u201ctiedown\u201d instead of a strap under the boot. There are also styles with no straps where the heel band is simply very tight and slips on wedged between the sole and heel of the boot. Some spur designs have a slot for running the spur strap through, others have \u201cbuttons,\u201d sometimes on the heel band itself and sometimes attached to the heel band by hinges, that allow a strap with buttonholes to be attached. [PAR] When used in military ranks, senior officers, and officers of all ranks in cavalry and other formerly mounted units of some armies, wear a form of spur in certain orders of dress which is known as the box spur, having no spur strap but a long metal prong opposite the neck, extending between the arms of the heel band, which is inserted into a specially fitted recess or \u201cbox\u201d in the base of the boot heel. Due to the prong, such spurs can only be worn with appropriately equipped boots. This construction is shown in the illustrations of the swan neck and Waterford spurs below. [PAR] Spurs seen in western riding may also have small curved-up hooks on the shank in front of the rowel, called \u201cchap guards,\u201d that were originally used to prevent the rider\u2019s chaps from interfering with the rowels of the spur. The shank angle from the yoke can vary from \u201cfull\u201d. to \u201cone half\u201d, to \u201cone quarter\u201d to \u201cstraight\u201d. Some cowboys also added small metal Pajados, also known as Jingo Bobs or Jingle Bobs, near the rowel, to create a jingling sound whenever the foot moved. Rowels can vary in size and number of points. [PAR] In the history of veterinary science , the word \u201crowel\u201d described a small disk of leather or other material that was used as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Music Theory - Note Values - Piano Mother Music Theory - Note Values [PAR] Home > Online Piano Lessons > Note Values [PAR] Note Values [PAR] In order to read a music piece, we need to know the note values, and names of each note. The following section shows us the different values of notes, that is, how long each note lasts. [PAR] 4 beats: called a semibreve (whole note) [PAR] 3 beats: called a dotted minim (dotted half note) [PAR] 2 beats: called a minim (half note) [PAR] 1 beat: called a crotchet (quarter note) [PAR] Half a beat: called a quaver (eighth note) [PAR] [PAR] Quarter of a beat: called a semiquaver (sixteenth note) [PAR] [PAR] Did you get it? Now you're ready to read more notes. [PAR] [PAR] Music is written on groups of five lines called staves. [PAR] [PAR] Notes are written on lines: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Keyboard music uses two staves. [PAR] One is for the top half of the instrument. The symbol at the beginning of the line is called the treble clef, sometimes called the G clef. In piano music this calls for the use of right hand. [PAR] The other is for the bottom half of the instrument. The symbol at the beginning of the line is called the bass clef, sometimes called the F clef. Bass clef calls for the use of the left hand. [PAR] The two staves are joined by a bracket. Usually the notes on the upper stave are played with the right hand, and the notes on the lower stave are played with the left hand."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Word Fact: What\u2019s the Name for the Dot Over the i and j ... Word Fact: What\u2019s the Name for the Dot Over the i and j? | Dictionary.com Blog [PAR] Home \u00bb Symbols and Punctuation \u00bb Word Facts \u00bb Word Fact: What\u2019s the Name for the Dot Over the i and j? [PAR] Word Fact: What\u2019s the Name for the Dot Over the i and j? [PAR] January 5, 2015 by: Dictionary.com 110 Comments [PAR] While many languages, such as Arabic and Hebrew, add specific accents to the letters or characters throughout their alphabet, the English alphabet has only two letters that include a diacritic dot. This mark is added to a letter to signal a change in either the sound or meaning of a character. What is the additional name of this curious dot that hovers over the ninth and tenth lowercase letters of the English alphabet, and how did it get there? [PAR] The small distinguishing mark you see over a lowercase i and a lowercase j is called a tittle \u2013 an interesting name that seems like a portmanteau (combination) of \u201ctiny\u201d and \u201clittle,\u201d and refers to a small point or stroke in writing and printing. Generally, a diacritic dot such as a tittle is also referred to as a glyph . However, in regards to i and j, the removal of the mark is still likely to be read as I or J; as such, these are not examples of a glyph. [PAR] Derived from the Latin word titulus, meaning \u201cinscription, heading,\u201d the tittle initially appeared in Latin manuscripts beginning in the 11th century as a way of individualizing the neighboring letters i and j in the thicket of handwriting. With the introduction of the Roman-style typeface in the late 1400\u2032s, the original large mark was reduced to the small dot we use today. [PAR] Many alphabets use a tittle specifically in the case of the letter i. For example, the absence or presence of a tittle over the i in the modern Turkish alphabet, also Latin-based, helps to differentiate two unique letters that represent distinct phonemes . [PAR] The phrase \u201cTo a T\u201d is believed to be derived from the word tittle and the following passage from Edward Hall\u2019s Chronicles circa 1548: \u201cI then\u2026 began to dispute with my selfe, little considerynge that thus my earnest was turned euen to a tittyl not so good as, estamen.\u201d [PAR] Now that you\u2019ve satisfied your desire to know the source of that little dot, consider this: Why does the letter Q almost never appear without a U right next to it? Find your answer, here . [PAR] What other mysteries of the alphabet would like us to explore? Let us know."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Section 1 \u2013 Britain and all things British - Jade Wright ... Section 1 \u2013 Britain and all things British - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] Section 1 \u2013 Britain and all things British [PAR] 1. What is the most common street name in Britain? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 1. What is the most common street name in Britain? [PAR] 2. Which British city has more miles of canal than Venice? [PAR] 3. The first single to sell over two million copies in Great Britain was written as a tribute to where in Great Britain? [PAR] 4. Which lake in Great Britain has the largest volume of water? [PAR] 5. In the TV show \u201cLittle Britain\u201d what is the name of \u201cthe only gay in the village\u201d? [PAR] 6. True or False: Great Britain is one of the top 10 largest islands in the world? [PAR] 7. Who lived \u201cin the top left-hand corner of Wales\u201d? [PAR] 8. What is the longest motorway in Great Britain? [PAR] 9. Which four British cities have hosted the Commonwealth Games? [PAR] 10. In Britain, which University has more students than any other? [PAR] Section 2 \u2013 Song lyrics - can you identify which songs these lyrics are from? [PAR] 11. \u201cWe haven\u2019t had that spirit here since nineteen sixty nine\u201d? [PAR] 12. \u201cMy soul is painted like the wings of butterflies, fairytales of yesterday will grow but never die\u201d? [PAR] 13. \u201cSwitch on the TV, we may pick him up on channel two\u201d? [PAR] 14. \u201cLord, I never drew first, but I drew first blood\u201d? [PAR] 15. \u201cYou coulda\u2019 heard a pin drop when Tommy stopped and locked the door\u201d? [PAR] 16. \u201cNow you\u2019re calling me up on the phone so you can have a little whine and a moan\u201d? [PAR] 17. \u201cLight up your face with gladness\u201d? [PAR] 18. \u201cAsk the local gentry, and they will say is elementary\u201d? [PAR] 19. \u201cHeaven sent and heaven stole\u201d? [PAR] 20. \u201cRight now tomorrow\u2019s lookin\u2019 bright, just like the sunny mornin\u2019 light\u201d? [PAR] Section 3 - General knowledge and lateral thinking [PAR] 21. Change the first letter in the surname of a famous jockey to get the surname of a famous New Zealand cricketer. What\u2019s the name of the jockey and the cricketer. [PAR] 22. Which rock group has four members, all of whom are dead, one of whom was assassinated? [PAR] 23. Which comedian and member of the radio show the Goons had the line \u2018I told you I was ill\u2019 engraved on his grave stone? [PAR] 24. What was unusual about the Austrian concert pianist Paul Wittgenstein? [PAR] 25. Which two words, allegedly heard for the first time in the song Born To Be Wild by Steppenwolf, describe a style of rock music? [PAR] 26. Where would you most likely be headed if you were in a tumbrel during the French revolution? [PAR] 27. How did Olivia overtake Grace in 2008? [PAR] 28. Three second hand vehicles were put on the market in December 2008 for \u00a327m each. What are they? [PAR] 29. What Olympic sport is derived from the Greek word for naked? [PAR] 30. If you are a Greek man and wear a fustenella what kind of garment would you be wearing? [PAR] 1. High Street; 2. Birmingham; 3. Mull Of Kintyre; 4. Loch Ness; 5. Daffyd Thomas; 6. True (it is 8th largest); 7. Ivor The Engine; 8. M6; 9. London, Edinburgh, Manchester and Cardiff; 10. The Open University;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Kay - Questions & Answers - John Kay & Steppenwolf John Kay - Questions & Answers [PAR] John Kay [PAR] John Kay - Questions & Answers [PAR] We sat down w/John Kay and asked him the hard questions... [PAR] When you started, did you ever think that you would still be active 30 years later? [PAR] Well of course, when we started out years ago, I don't think anybody planned 30 days ahead, let alone consider that 30 years would some day come. I must also say that there was really no master plan or some ingenious revelation that is responsible for us still being around. It was really two factors more than anything, I believe....number one, the fact that there were enough people on various parts of the globe that were into what we were doing, be it the old stuff or the more recent recordings.....and the other one was that a number of people within our 'Wolf organization have seen to it that we have always made the very most out of what we had to work with as far as fan loyalty, reputation in the business, doing good, consistent live shows, so that we were maximizing on what there was for us. It was a roller coaster ride, and there were times when things were not going our way, and so then you had to be kind of tenacious, and stick to it, and grit your teeth a little bit, and play twice as hard and hope that the word of mouth brings on another wave of resurgence of your popularity....and that really has been the case. [PAR] Complete this sentence: Steppenwolf is about...... [PAR] That's not that easy, because when you are in it you have a totally different perspective than when you're outside of it standing looking at it and I'm not sure whether I am the person most qualified to say what Steppenwolf is about. Maybe some of the fans that are part of the Wolfpack Fanclub, and so forth, who have been following us (some of them for up to 29 years) would be more qualified. And I think it varies from person to person. Certainly the cards and letters with their respective stories about Steppenwolf music or songs or lyrics would indicate that. Steppenwolf is about giving a damn and doing it to music, I suppose. [PAR] For those younger fans who didn't grow up in the 60's, what is Steppenwolf named after and why did you choose it? [PAR] Steppenwolf was originally a book written by Herman Hesse, (a German author) and it was a book I was totally unfamiliar with when the band that became Steppenwolf was in its infancy. The young man who lived next door to where Steppenwolf started to rehearse (by the name of Gabriel Mekler, born and raised in Israel) he had read the book. When it came time to put a name on the demo box that was going to go to the first label, he said \"Well, what is the band called?\" and aside from the obvious joke names and other obscene suggestions which were not marketable, he finally said, \"Well look, how about 'Steppenwolf'? I think it's a word that looks good in print, and it denotes a certain degree of mystery and power and you guys are kind of rough and ready types.\" Everybody said that sounds pretty interesting and if we don't get a deal we can always scrawl another name on the box and send it to somebody else, so let's go with that for now. Well,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gymnastics in Greece and the First Olympics - Gymnastics Zone Gymnastics in Greece and the First Olympics - Gymnastics Zone [PAR] Gymnastics Zone [PAR] You are here: Home > Gymnastics in Greece and the First Olympics [PAR] Gymnastics in Greece and the First Olympics [PAR] Posted on January 19, 2011 [PAR] in Articles [PAR] Introduced in early Greek civilization, gymnastics facilitated physical body development utilizing a variety of activities including running, jumping, wrestling, weight lifting, swimming and throwing. [PAR] Gymnastics in Ancient Crete [PAR] The later history of gymnastics is closely related to the ancient Olympic Games, but a thousand years before the first Olympics, King Minos (and others during the Crete Minoan period 2,700 BC \u2013 1,400 BC) had already advocated such physical exercises. [PAR] The First Olympics [PAR] In 776 BC, the Greeks held the first Olympic games, which was a festival dedicated to their god, Zeus. In this game there was only a foot race of 200 yards. These first Olympic games continued for about 1,100 years The ancient Greeks practiced physical exercises and routines and as a result, gymnastics was added in the ancient Olympic Games along with boxing, wrestling, throwing, jumping, and weightlifting. [PAR] A Variety of Gymnastics Events [PAR] Gymnastics is one of the oldest Olympic sports, and competitors performed a variety of events that could loosely be termed \u201cgymnastics\u201d. These activities are recorded in illustrations seen on ancient clay pots. [PAR] Nude Gymnastics [PAR] The name of the sport \u201cgymnastics\u201d is derived from the ancient Greek word \u201cgymnos\u201d which literally translated means naked and comes from, the Greek word for naked. In ancient Greece, male athletes trained and competed in the nude. Because of this, women were excluded from the ancient Games, not just as competitors but also as spectators. [PAR] Gymnasiums [PAR] The Greeks built elaborate complexes known as gymnasia for their physical education training. The gymnasium, originally an area for physical training, evolved into a school for training both the body and the mind. There were three types of teachers in a gymnasium: Grammatistes, who taught reading, writing and other scholarly pursuits; Kitharistes, who taught music; and paidotribes, who were physical fitness teachers. Thus, the gymnasium also became a center for the arts, philosophy and literature. [PAR] Early Gymnastics to Music [PAR] Physical training took place in the palestra, which was a square, walled, open-air workout area and even equipped with changing rooms and baths. A variety of activities were classified as gymnastics, including running, jumping, weightlifting, throwing, wrestling, and swimming. Evidently, many exercises were conducted to music, just like in the floor exercise routines of modern women\u2019s artistic gymnastics. [PAR] Spartan Gymnastics [PAR] Among the ancient Greeks, gymnastics probably reached a peak in Sparta. With their emphasis on the military, the Spartans prized activities and exercises that could improve not only physical fitness but also military discipline. In Athens and other Greek city-states, usually only boys received a formal education and took part in gymnastics. [PAR] Men\u2019s and Women\u2019s Gymnastics [PAR] Physical fitness was a highly valued attribute in ancient Greece for both men and women. Basic gymnastics events were practiced in some form even prior to the introduction of \u201cgymnazein\u201d which means literally, \u201cto exercise naked\u201d or \u201cgymnos\u201d meaning \u201cnaked art.\u201d [PAR] The Early Christian View of Gymnastics [PAR] Christians of the time considered gymnastics Satanic because of its focus on the body and that gymnasts performed in the nude at the all-male ancient Games of Olympia. [PAR] Early Gymnastics Evolves into Other Sports [PAR] Many of these exercises, activities and competitions grouped under the ancient definition"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is it a sin for a woman to wear pants? - Tripod.com Is it a sin for a woman to wear pants? [PAR] Is it a sin for a woman to wear pants? [PAR] The Question: [PAR] Is it a sin for a woman to wear pants? MUST women always wear dresses? [PAR] The Answer: [PAR] Deuteronomy 22:5 (KJV) - The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman\ufffds garment: for all that do so are abomination unto the Lord thy God. [PAR] Deuteronomy 22:5 (NIV) A woman must not wear men's clothing, nor a man wear women's clothing, for the LORD your God detests anyone who does this. [PAR] The argument about whether it is sinful for a woman to wear pants is based primarily on this verse, stating that pants \"pertain\" to a man, so it is unholy for a woman to wear them. It is interesting that in Biblical times neither men nor women wore pants or trousers as in our culture today, so to brand all trouser-like garments as \"pertaining to a man\" and sinful for a woman to wear shows an ignorance of history and customs. [PAR] Biblical men and women wore robes, and the closest thing to our pants of today was when women pulled their skirt tails between their legs to the front, tucked into their girdle and formed a kind of pant to work in the fields. Yet I don't ever hear someone proclaiming that men ought to wear robes and NOT pants, as this originally was a form of women's clothing! [PAR] Exodus 20:26, 28:42-43 \" And do not go up to my altar on steps, lest your nakedness be exposed on it- Make linen undergarments [breeches] as a covering for the body, reaching from the waist to the thigh. Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place, so that they will not incur guilt and die. This is to be a lasting ordinance for Aaron and his descendants.\" [PAR] Leviticus 6:10 The priest shall then put on his linen clothes, with linen undergarments [breeches] next to his body, and shall remove the ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed on the altar and place them beside the altar. [PAR] Leviticus 16:4 \"This is how Aaron is to enter the sanctuary area: with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. He is to put on the sacred linen tunic, with linen undergarments [breeches] next to his body; he is to tie the linen sash around him and put on the linen turban. These are sacred garments; so he must bathe himself with water before he puts them on.\" [PAR] Some say that these verses prohibit women from wearing pants. In the KJV these garments are called breeches, which is an old fashioned way of saying trousers or pants. However the newer translations have the more correct translation \"undergarments\". [PAR] \"Breeches\" or undergarments in the Hebrew is miknac {mik-nawce'} from kamac {kaw-mas'} a primitive root, to store up, save (Qal) stored up (participle) in the sense of hiding. It is translated in the KJV as \"breeches\", but literally means underwear, drawers, trousers, specifically a priestly undergarment of linen, which were clearly special undergarments worn by the priests ... not pants as men wear today. [PAR] And there is no indication that the average man wore these, just the priests. Notice in Leviticus 16:4 that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Devils Island | island, Atlantic Ocean | Britannica.com Devils Island | island, Atlantic Ocean | Britannica.com [PAR] island, Atlantic Ocean [PAR] Alternative Title: \u00cele du Diable [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy [PAR] Devils Island, French \u00cele Du Diable, rocky islet off the Atlantic coast of French Guiana . The smallest of the three \u00celes du Salut , about 10 miles (16 km) from the mainland and the Kourou River mouth, it is a narrow strip of land about 3,900 feet (1,200 m) long and 1,320 feet (400 m) broad, mostly covered by palm trees. [PAR] Devils Island off the coast of French Guiana. [PAR] Bjorn Klingwall/Ostman Agency [PAR] Part of a penal settlement, the island housed the convicts\u2019 leper colony until the \u00celes du Salut were made a maximum-security area. The island\u2019s most famous prisoner was Alfred Dreyfus , a French army officer unjustly condemned for treason, who arrived on April 13, 1895; he was released on June 5, 1899, having written a journal and more than 1,000 letters in captivity. Dreyfus was succeeded by other political prisoners and, during World War I , by spies and deserters, chiefly from tropical countries and not of French birth. Transportation of prisoners to French penal colonies was abolished by a decree of June 17, 1938, although the last prisoners did not leave Devils Island until 1953. [PAR] The island was later promoted as a winter resort and has a growing tourist trade. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ligurian Sea - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com Ligurian Sea - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Ligurian Sea [PAR] n an arm of the Mediterranean between northwest Italy and Corsica [PAR] Example of: [PAR] a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land [PAR] Word Family [PAR] Usage Examples [PAR] Sign up, it's free! [PAR] Whether you're a student, an educator, or a life-long learner, Vocabulary.com can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.[DOC] [TLE] Ligurian Sea - factmonster.com Ligurian Sea [PAR] Encyclopedia > Places > Oceans, Continents, and Polar Regions > Oceans and Continents [PAR] Ligurian Sea [PAR] Ligurian Sea (l\u012dgy\u014fr\u02c8\u0113\u0259n) [ key ], arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Ligurian coast (Italian Riviera) and the islands of Corsica and Elba; the Gulf of Genoa is its northernmost part. The sea receives the Arno River from the east. The ports of Genoa, La Spezia, and Livorno are on its rocky coast. The sea's northwest coast is noted for its favorable climate and scenic beauty. [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First World War.com - Encyclopedia - Scapa Flow First World War.com - Encyclopedia - Scapa Flow [PAR] What's New [PAR] Encyclopedia - Scapa Flow [PAR] Scapa Flow was the designated anchorage of the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet during the First World War. A natural expanse of sea, Scapa Flow was enclosed by the Orkney Islands in Scotland and was capable of holding the Grand Fleet several times over. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] When war began Scapa Flow was essentially undefended against the threat of German U-boat attacks. With the Grand Fleet newly relocated to the area from Portsmouth, Plymouth and Chatham high priority was therefore given to securing the area against German assault, the more so once it was discovered that a German submarine had managed to enter the Flow in November 1914. [PAR] Thus initial defences were constructed with the sinking of some 21 blockships and the deployment of anti-submarine indicator nets laid at various depths and intended to entangle enemy submarines. Work continued with the laying of defensive minefields and, further supported by gun batteries, Scapa Flow was declared a safe base for the fleet in 1915. [PAR] Nevertheless the Grand Fleet occasionally put to sea after scares emerged reporting the presence of German submarines in the area. Grand Fleet commander Sir John Jellicoe later admitted that he lived in constant fear of the potential damage U-boats could wreak upon the Grand Fleet were they to enter Scapa Flow undetected. [PAR] It was from Scapa Flow that the Grand Fleet put to sea at the end of May 1916 to engage the German High Seas Fleet in what was to comprise the last great fleet action between two of the world's great naval powers at Jutland . [PAR] A tactical victory for Germany (which sunk more shipping) the British claimed the longer term success, since Kaiser Wilhelm II , shocked at the risk he had run of a German naval defeat with its inevitable disastrous consequences, thereafter barred his fleet from again engaging the British in fleet action. [PAR] A matter of days after the action at Jutland, in June 1916 Lord Kitchener , the war minister and hero of Khartoum, visited Scapa Flow en route to Russia on a diplomatic mission. He and his staff subsequently boarded HMS Hampshire and put to sea through Hoy Sound. [PAR] It then became clear that the defensive blockships had failed in their aim, for a German U-boat had successfully crossed the Flow and having reached Birsay further north, laid a mine. It was this mine which struck HMS Hampshire on 5 June. Kitchener was killed, stunning the nation. [PAR] With the armistice in November 1918 74 ships of the German Navy were instructed to proceed to Scapa Flow to surrender to the British. For some six months the German vessels remained at anchor, food and other supplies from Germany meanwhile running low. [PAR] When the local German commander, Admiral Ludwig von Reuter , read details of the Allies' peace terms in The Times newspaper in June 1919, he resolved to scuttle the German fleet when the Grand Fleet were next out performing exercises. [PAR] This he proceeded to do on 21 June, with 66 ships in all destroyed, the event spectated by a party of schoolchildren who had travelled to see the ships at Scapa Flow. Upon his eventual return to Germany von Reuter was regarded as a national hero, the saviour of the honour of the German Navy. [PAR] In 1919 Scapa Flow lost its status as the fleet's main base to Rosyth in the Firth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sea Gods & Goddesses | Theoi Greek Mythology Sea Gods & Goddesses | Theoi Greek Mythology [PAR] A COMPLETE LIST OF GREEK SEA GODS & GODDESSES [PAR] AEGAEUS (Aigaios) A god of violent sea-storms. He was an ally of the Titans. [PAR] AEOLUS (Aiolos) The king of the winds. He kept the storm-winds, squalls and tempests locked away in the hollows of the floating island of Aiolia, to be released at the command of the gods. [PAR] ACHEILUS (Akheilos) A shark-formed sea Daemon. [PAR] ALCYONE & CEYX (Alkyone & Keyx) The former king and queen of the realm of Trachis were transformed into a pair of kingfishers. The birds presided over the halcyon days, a period of calm seas good for sailing. [PAR] AMPHITRITE The goddess queen of the sea, wife of Lord Poseidon. Amphitrite was the goddess who spawned the sea's rich bounty--fish and shellfish--as well as dolphins, seals and whales. [PAR] APHROS One of the Ichthyocentaurs or fish-tailed centaurs. Aphros was the god of the sea-foam who, along with his brother Bythos, carried Aphrodite ashore at her birth. [PAR] APHRODITE The goddess of love and beauty. She was born from the foam of the se, when the castrated genitals of Ouranos were cast down from heaven. Although Aphrodite was a heavenly goddess she retained a close kinship with the sea. [PAR] ARGYRA One of the sea nymphs whose name means the \"Silvery One.\" She loved an Achaean man named Selemnus who was transformed into a river. [PAR] BENTHESICYME (Benthesikyme) One of the sea nymphs, a daughter of the god Poseidon. Her name means \"deep wave\" and she was the wife an Ethiopian king named Enalos \"the man of the sea.\" [PAR] BRIAREUS (Briareos) The god of violent sea-storms. He was one of the Hecatoncheires, three hundred-handed, fifty-headed giants, and a son-in-law of Poseidon who made his home on the floor of the Aegean sea. [PAR] BYTHOS One of the Ickhthyocentaurs or fish-tailed sea-centaurs. He and his brother Aphros brought the goddess Aphrodite to shore following her sea-birth. His name means \"sea-depths\". [PAR] CABEIRO (Kabeiro) A sea nymph native to the shores of the island of Lemnos. She was a goddess of the Samothracian Mysteries, and the mother by Hephaestus of the Cabiri. [PAR] CALLISTE (Kalliste) The sea nymph of the Island of Calliste. [PAR] CAPHEIRA (Kapheira) The sea nymph nurse of the god Poseidon. [PAR] CARCINUS (Karkinos) A gigantic crab who allied itself with the Hydra against in a battle against Heracles. It was crushed beneath the hero's foot and placed amongst the stars as the constellation Cancer. [PAR] CETEA (Ketea) The monsters of the sea's depths. One, sent by Poseidon to ravage Troy, was slain by Heracles, another sent to punish the Ethiopians which was destroyed by Perseus. [PAR] CETO (Keto) An ancient sea-goddess. She was the goddess of the monsters and dangers of the deep. Her name means \"whale\" or \"sea-monster.\" [PAR] CHARYBDIS (Kharybdis) The monstrous Daemon of whirlpools and the tides. She was chained to the sea-bed where her inhallation caused the seas to rise and fall. [PAR] CYMOPOLEIA (Kymopoleia) A sea-nymph of high storm waves. She was the wife of the Aegean storm-giant Briareus. [PAR] DELPHIN The leader of the dolphins. He aided Poseidon in the wooing of Amphitrite, and as a reward was placed amongst the stars as the constellation Delphin. [PAR] DORIS One of the Oceanides, the wife of Nereus and mother of the fifty Nereides. She may have presided over the mingling of fresh water with the brine as her name suggests. [PAR] EIDOTHEA A prophetic sea-nymph. She was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PakistanPaedia - Ports of Pakistan PakistanPaedia - Ports of Pakistan [PAR] Ports [PAR] Pakistan shares a 1,200 kilometres long coast line with the Arabian Sea - a mid sea which joins the the strategic oil line of Persian Gulf with the Indian Ocean. On it lie the Karachi Port which has been serving this part of the erstwhile Indian subcontinent and later Pakistan on its creation in 1947. However, owing to the growing needs of the country, there was a need to develop other smaller coastal ports into major cargo handling ports. Beside Karachi, Pasni, Jiwani, Gadani, Ormara and Gwadar are other ports which are being developed into world class ship handling centres. Of these Gwadar is the latest development, which is almost completed and recently in December 2008, it has started handling shipping operations with the arrival of three urea laded ships. [PAR] Karachi Port and Light House [PAR] Karachi Port: Karachi Port is the hub of Pakistan's entire economic activities as 98 per cent of the entire foreign trade is conducted through this port. Read more about the history of Karachi Port ( Wikipedia ). As such Karachi Port is being modernized at a total cost of Rs. 5 billion including World Bank loan of US $ 91.4 million. The Government has increased emphasis on an early completion of the entire scheme. As a result the following projects have already become functional:- [PAR] OP-V:- OP-V has been constructed at a cost of Rs. 510 million with an annual handling capacity of 6 to 8 million tons liquid cargo. The project has been in operation since April, 1994. [PAR] [PAR] Circular Road:- To solve the problem of traffic congestion around Port area and central city areas of Karachi Metropolitan Corporation, the Government has given go ahead signal for construction of a Circular Road comprising Southern By-pass, Jinnah Bridge (Phase-II) and Northern By-pass at an estimated cost of Rs. 1353 million. The first phase of the project has been completed in December, 1997. [PAR] [PAR] Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of Berths No.5-10:- To enable Karachi Port to handle increasing volume of cargo, the Government has directed to reconstruct/rehabilitate the Berths No. 5-10 at an estimated cost of US $ 60 million within the next 2 years. [PAR] [PAR] Container Terminals.- In order to modernize cargo handling at Karachi Port, the Government has directed KPT to set up another Container Terminal at West Wharf (Berths NO.22-24) through private sector at an estimated cost of US $ 75 million. [PAR] On April 5, 2009, the first super cargo ship ( pictured above) carrying 5000 containers arrived in Pakistan through the newly dredged 11 km long channel berthed in a new berth which has been dredged down to a depth of 14m ( The berth used to be 11.3 m deep before current development ). [PAR] Port Bin Qasim [PAR] Port Muhammad Bin Qasim [PAR] With the coming up of the Steel Mills near Karachi and to meet the increasing demand of coal, it was decided to construct a sea port some 35 kilometres west of Karachi. It was constructed in the late 1970s and named after the Muslim general Muhammad bin Qasim who captured the area around 712 A.D. The port was developed close to the Pakistan Steel Mills complex near the Indus River delta. Port Qasim is Pakistan's second busiest port, handling about 35% of the nation's cargo (17 million tons per annum). It is located in an old channel of the Indus River at a distance of 35 kilometres east of Karachi city centre. The total area of the port comprises"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gulf of Venice | gulf, Europe | Britannica.com Gulf of Venice | gulf, Europe | Britannica.com [PAR] Gulf of Venice [PAR] Gulf of Gabes [PAR] Gulf of Venice, Italian Golfo Di Venezia, northern section of the Adriatic Sea (an arm of the Mediterranean Sea), extending eastward for 60 miles (95 km) from the Po River delta , Italy , to the coast of Istria , in Slovenia and Croatia . It receives the Po, Adige, Piave, and Tagliamento rivers. Marshes, lagoons, and sandspits border the gulf\u2019s shores as far as Trieste , Italy, where the low plateau of the Istrian Peninsula begins. A northeast wind, called the bora, causes rough seas and creates shipping hazards in the gulf. [PAR] The rise of the city of Venice as a maritime power at the northwestern end of the gulf gave special importance to Adriatic shipping routes in the Middle Ages. Modern ports along the gulf, apart from Venice, include Pula and Rovinj (both in Croatia) and Trieste, which is located on a northeastern inlet, the Gulf of Trieste. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Article Title: Gulf of Venice [PAR] Website Name: Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica [PAR] Date Published: July 20, 1998 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Gulf-of-Venice [PAR] Access Date: January 17, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Gulf of Venice - definition of Gulf of Venice by The Free ... Gulf of Venice - definition of Gulf of Venice by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Gulf of Venice - definition of Gulf of Venice by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Gulf+of+Venice [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] Gulf of Venice - an arm of the Adriatic Sea [PAR] Adriatic , Adriatic Sea - an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The C. Jordan River flows into the Dead Sea and is an ... The __________ River flows into the Dead Sea and is an important source of irrigation water. A. Tigris B. Euphrates C. Jordan D. Shatt al-Arab [PAR] You have new items in your feed. Click to view. [PAR] Question and answer [PAR] The __________ River flows into the Dead Sea and is an important source of irrigation water. A. Tigris B. Euphrates C. Jordan D. Shatt al-Arab [PAR] The C. Jordan River flows into the Dead Sea and is an important source of irrigation water. [PAR] Get an answer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kara Sea | Sea in Arctic Ocean - Deep Sea Waters, Ocean ... Kara Sea | Sea in Arctic Ocean [PAR] Kara Sea [PAR] Kara Sea [PAR] The Kara Sea is a part of the Arctic Ocean lies north of Siberia. It is separated from the Barents Sea on the west by the Kara Strait and Novaya Zemlya, and the Laptev Sea on the east by the Severnaya Zemlya. [PAR] Geography [PAR] The Kara Sea covers roughly about 1,450 kilometers long and 970 kilometers wide with an area of around 880,000 km and a mean depth of 110 meters (360 ft). [PAR] The Kara Sea's Northern boundary is marked by a line running from Cape Kohlsaat in Graham Bell Island, Franz Josef Land, to Cape Molotov (Arctic Cape), the northernmost point of Komsomolets Island in Severnaya Zemlya. [PAR] Climate [PAR] Compared to the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea is much colder, remind frozen for over nine months of a year. Novy Port and Dikson are the main ports of the sea and it is an important fishing spot though the sea is ice-bounded for all but two months of the year. [PAR] The average air temperature is below 32 F (0 C) in the north (9 to 10 months) and in the south (7 to 8 months) a year. In January the average temperatures are from 30 to 43 F (-1 to 6 C) and the minimum is -51 F (-46 C). In July the average temperatures are from 30 to 43 F (-1 to 6 C), with a maximum of 61 F (16 C). Summer brings snow, fogs and snow squalls, while in winter brings gales and snow storm. Water temperature in winter are from 29.1 F (-1.6 C), while in summer it reaches 43 F (6 C) in the southwestern part of the sea and 36 F (2 C) in the north. [PAR] Fauna [PAR] Cod, salmon, and sturgeon are the fishes found in Kara sea and also sea mammals include seal, sea hare, walrus, white whale, and polar bear. [PAR] Islands [PAR] Kara Sea has many islands and island groups. Arkticheskiy Institut Islands, the Izvesti Tsik Islands, the Kirov Islands, Uedineniya or Lonely Island, Vize Island, and Voronina Island are the islands located in the open sea of its central regions. The largest group of island here is the Nordenskild Archipelago, with five large subgroups and over ninety islands. Bely Island, Dikson Island, Taymyr Island, the Kamennyye Islands and Oleni Island are the other important islands in the Kara Sea."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Delia Smith boils over after Norwich City are promoted to ... Delia Smith boils over after Norwich City are promoted to the Premier League | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] A decade ago she made a bit of a pudding of herself after she marched on to her team\u2019s football pitch and screeched \u2018Let\u2019s be \u2019avin\u2019 you!\u2019 at the crowd to fire up the fans. [PAR] And it seems Delia Smith\u2019s vocal support for Norwich City is just as loud and proud today. [PAR] The celebrity cook shouted and pumped her fists yesterday after the Canaries beat rivals Middlesbrough 2-0 in the Championship play-off final, meaning they clinched promotion to the Premier League. [PAR] Scroll down for video [PAR] Ten tears on: Yesterday (left) Delia celebrated in front of Norwich fans after seeing her club return to the Premier League. Her pitch appearance was reminiscent over her overwrought speech in 2005 (right) [PAR] Overjoyed: The celebrity cook shouted and pumped her fists yesterday after the Canaries beat rivals Middlesbrough 2-0 in the Championship play-off final [PAR] She has more reason than most to be overjoyed at the victory, worth \u00a3130million to her club, because she is a majority shareholder with her husband Michael Wynn Jones. [PAR] Indeed Miss Smith, 73, was so deliriously happy that she celebrated by joining players on the pitch. [PAR] Miss Smith certainly wasn\u2019t dressed for such raucous behaviour in a smart black suit and pearl earrings. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share [PAR] 48 shares [PAR] She had even confined her team\u2019s green and yellow stripes to a silk scarf tucked neatly around her neck. [PAR] Her displays of support for her club, which has yo-yoed between the top two divisions in recent years, have sometimes stunned supporters. [PAR] In 2005 she barged on to the pitch during half-time when Norwich City played Manchester City. [PAR] Winners: Delia Smith can look forward to her side cooking up a storm in the top flight once again after winning promotion [PAR] Get in: Stephen Fry could not contain his joy on Monday as he watched his football team, Norwich City, secure a place in the Barclays Premier League next season [PAR] Overjoyed: The team\u2019s 2-0 win over Middlesbrough in the Championship playoff final at Wembley means Norwich will return to the Premier League just one year after relegation [PAR] She grabbed the microphone from the club announcer and yelled at the crowd: \u2018A message for the best football supporters in the world, we need a 12th man here. Where are you? Where are you? Let\u2019s be \u2019avin\u2019 you! Come on!\u2019 [PAR] Miss Smith has supported Norwich City since the 1970s and attends most of City\u2019s matches \u2013 home and away \u2013 throughout the season. [PAR] She joined the club\u2019s board with her husband and took over the majority of Norwich City\u2019s shares in 1996, when the club\u2019s finances were very precarious. The couple currently hold 53 per cent of ordinary shares and 19 per cent of \u2018B preference\u2019 shares. [PAR] Miss Smith, who has also been a director of the club since 1996, set up Delia\u2019s Canary Catering in 1997 to provide match-day food at the team\u2019s home ground, Carrow Road. [PAR] With her cooking credentials it greatly improved the snacks on offer, making \u2018significant financial contribution to the club\u2019s coffers\u2019. However, she retired as its head in 2011 in order to \u2018reduce her workload\u2019. [PAR] What a time: The 57-year-old was seen cheering loudly and punching the air with glee as Cameron Jerome and Nathan Remond found the back of the net within the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wilbur Smith Biography - Tripod.com Wilbur Smith Biography [PAR] THE LIFE [PAR] [PAR] Wilbur Addison Smith (so named after Wilbur Wright, the flight pioneer) was born on 9 January 1933 in Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) to British-born parents. He went to Michaelhouse in Natal, South Africa before continuing to Rhodes University where he graduated with a degree in Commerce in 1954. He was an accountant and tax assessor for the Inland Revenue for a few years before he started to write. [PAR] [PAR] Wilbur has married four times. On 28 August 1964, he married Jewell Slabbert, but they later divorced. He then married Anne who produced 2 children (a son, Shaun, and a daughter, Christian), but their married dissolved too. He remarried, in February 1971, to Danielle (Dee Dee) Antoinette Thomas (who had a son, Dieter, from her previous marriage). After that, he dedicated every book to her (25 in total), making a point of starting each new book on their anniversary and using the gold pen which she gave him. Danielle acted as his researcher, soundboard and editor, usually censoring the racier parts of his stories. She even wrote her own successful novels. (Click here to find out more). Unfortunately, she died from a cancer-related brain tumour in December 1999. He is currently married to his fourth wife, Mokhiniso. They married in May 2000. [PAR] [PAR] He met Mokhiniso (Niso) in a book shop in London. Niso was born in Tajikistan, a former state of the Soviet Union north of Afghanistan and trained at the Moscow University as a lawyer. They met in December 1999, when she was buying a John Grisham novel, recommended to her by her language teacher, who said that reading popular English books aloud would improve her accent. Smith told her that he knew a much more suitable author and led her to the Wilbur Smith section and signed her purchase. Niso now speaks very good English: I have the best English teacher in the world! [PAR] [PAR] He lives on part of the original Cecil John Rhodes Estate, on the side of Table Mountain in Constantia in Cape Town, South Africa. His home is called 'Sunbird Hill'. [PAR] [PAR] He also owns a farm, a game reserve and houses in London and the Seychelles, his favourite holiday destination. [PAR] [PAR] Wilbur (and his late wife, Danielle, whom he considers the most beautiful woman in the world), normally travels from November to February, often spending a month skiing in Switzerland, and visiting Australia and New Zealand for deep sea fishing. During his summer break, he visits environments as diverse as Alaska and the dwindling wilderness of the African interior. [PAR] [PAR] His favourite singer is Frank Sinatra and his favourite movie is LAWRENCE OF ARABIA. [PAR] [PAR] At school, Wilbur was the captain of the shooting and cross-country teams. [PAR] [PAR] At school, At Rhodes University, Wilbur was sent to hospital three times in one term because of motor-cycle crashes! [PAR] [PAR] THE LITERATURE [PAR] [PAR] Wilbur's first attempt at writing, a novel which remains unpublished, was rejected nearly 20 times! He now keeps it in a safe place to bring himself back down to earth when he begins to believe his own publicity. [PAR] [PAR] Wilbur soon sold several short stories to magazines and to the BBC, but one short story got out of hand . He got so caught up with the characters that he decided to expand it into a novel. Two and a half years later, he completed WHEN THE LION FEEDS . He sent it to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jonathan Harris - Lost in Space Wiki - Wikia Jonathan Harris | Lost in Space Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Lost in Space Wiki [PAR] Edit [PAR] Jonathan Harris played Dr. Zachary Smith in Lost in Space . He was the only member of the original cast to reprise his role in Lost in Space (a Hanna-Barbera animated episode). [PAR] Jonathan Harris (born Jonathan Charasuchin, November 6, 1914 \u2013 November 3, 2002) was an American character actor. Two of his best-known roles were as the timid accountant Bradford Webster in the TV version of The Third Man and the prissy villain Dr. Zachary Smith of the 1960's science fiction television series Lost in Space. Near the end of his career, he provided the voice of Manny, a praying mantis in the animated feature A Bug's Life. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Edit [PAR] The second of three children, Harris was born to a poor family in The Bronx, New York City. His parents were Sam and Jennie Charasuchin, Russian Jewish immigrants who eked out a living in Manhattan's garment district. His family resided in a six unit apartment building. To raise money, his mother took in boarders, some of whom were given Jonathan's bed, forcing Harris to sleep on dining room chairs. From the age of 12, he worked as a pharmacy clerk. [PAR] Jon & Gert as young children. [PAR] While there was little money for luxuries, Jonathan's father took efforts to expand his son's cultural horizons. This included trips to the Yiddish Theatre, where he was encouraged by his father to listen to opera. Young Harris was enthralled. He discarded his Bronx accent and began to cultivate more sophisticated English tones. Although he could seldom afford tickets, Broadway plays were also an interest. Before graduation from James Monroe High School in 1931 (at age 16), he had also become interested in archeology, Latin, romantic poetry and, inevitably, Shakespeare. He did not fit in amongst his peers (who included classmate Estelle Reiner, mother of future actor/director Rob Reiner) with the exception of his girlfriend, Gertrude Bregman, whom he subsequently married. In 1932, he legally changed his name from \"Charasuchin\" to \"Harris,\" apparently without informing his parents. That same year, Harris' work at the pharmacy led him to attend nearby Fordham University where he majored in pharmacology. He graduated in 1936 and worked in several drugstores. [PAR] Career [PAR] Edit [PAR] Acting was Harris's first love. At 24, he prepared a fake resum\u00e9 and tried out for a repertory company at the Millpond Playhouse in Long Island, New York and appeared in several of this troupe's plays prior to landing a spot in The Red Company. In 1942 Jonathan won the leading role of a Polish officer in the Broadway play \"The Heart of a Cit\"y. Adopting a Polish accent, he advised the producers that his parents were originally from Poland. In 1946 he starred in \"A Flag Is Born\" opposite Quentin Reynolds and Marlon Brando. [PAR] Television [PAR] Edit [PAR] Harris became a popular character actor for 30 years on television, making his first guest appearance on an episode of The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre in 1949. The part led to other roles in such shows as The Web, Lights Out, Goodyear Television Playhouse, Sanford and Son, 2 episodes of Hallmark Hall of Fame, Armstrong Circle Theatre, 3 episodes of Studio One, Telephone Time, Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, Climax!, The Outlaws, The Twilight Zone, Bonanza, The Rogues, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, and 2 episodes of Bewitched, among many others. [PAR] Harris returned to television, where he"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manufactures Smith & Wesson - MidWest Guns Manufactures Smith & Wesson [PAR] $325 USEDSmith & Wesson 22LR M&P 15-22 Rifle View Listing [PAR] $400 USEDSmith & Wesson 9mm SW99 Pistol View Listing [PAR] $400 USEDSmith & Wesson M&P 357 Pistol View Listing [PAR] $495 USEDSmith & Wesson M&P 40 Pro Series C.O.R.E. Pistol View Listing [PAR] FIREARMS[DOC] [TLE] Handgun Manufacturer: Smith & Wesson - Genitron Manufacturer: Smith & Wesson [PAR] Smith & Wesson [PAR] [PAR] About the Manufacturer [PAR] This company began in 1852 when Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson entered a gunmaking partnership in Norwich Connecticut. In 1857 they produced the first metallic cartridge breech-loading revolver. Their first double-action revolver was produced in 1880. In 1964 the company passed from Wesson family control, and subsequently several conglomerates took control of it. From 1987 to 2001 Tomkins PLC, a British company, owned Smith & Wesson. In March 2000 Smith & Wesson signed an agreement with the Clinton Administration in order to avoid lawsuits. This agreement was not at all liked by the gun owning public and boycotts and floods of used S&W firearms in the market nearly ruined the company. On May 11, 2001, Saf-T-Hammer Corporation acquired Smith & Wesson Corp. from Tomkins PLC for a fraction of what Tomkins originally paid. The new company, Smith and Wesson Holding Corporation, publicly renounced the Clinton agreement which was received positively by the firearms community. [PAR] Click on the cells below to see more information by caliber or by model name. [PAR] Caliber"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Will Smith | Men in Black Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Will Smith | Men in Black Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Active Years [PAR] 1985-present [PAR] Willard Christopher \"Will\" Smith (born September 25, 1968) is an American rapper/actor best known for his role in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. In the Men in Black film series, Will Smith portrays new recuit Agent J . To increase the hype about Men in Black (film) he released Men in Black (song) , a rap song about the MiB . The song was also used in Men in Black: The Series . Smith has also been hinted as doing a song for Men in Black III [1] ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LL Cool J \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and ... LL Cool J \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] old school [PAR] James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968 in Bay Shore, New York), better known as LL Cool J (Ladies Love Cool James), is a Grammy Award winning American rapper and actor signed to Def Jam. He has released twelve studio albums over his 27 year career, has starred in numerous feature films and currently plays Agent Sam Hanna on the hit show NCIS: Los Angeles. [PAR] Born in Bay Shore, New York, and raised between St. Albans, New York and Hollis\u2026 read more"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walking Down The Manny Road - Olympique Marseille 2 ... Walking Down The Manny Road - Olympique Marseille 2. Bolton Wanderers 1. [PAR] Olympique Marseille 2. Bolton Wanderers 1. [PAR] By Mark Heys [PAR] February 24 2006 [PAR] A second half own goal by the unfortunate Tal Ben-Haim sent Bolton Wanderers crashing out of the UEFA Cup against Olympique Marseille last night [PAR] Israeli international Ben-Haim had been faultess throughout the course of the competition and could do little about diverting Habib Beye's 68th minute cross past goalkeeper Jussi Jaaskelainen to end the Wanderers Euro hopes. [PAR] It had all looked to be going to plan in the first half as Trotters midfielder Stelios Giannakopoulos gave the visitors a deserved lead in a hostile atmosphere following a gaff by L'OM keeper Fabien Barthez only to see the highly rated Franck Ribery head home an unexpected equaliser in first half injury time. [PAR] The game at the Stade Velodrome opened to a cauldron of noise every time a Wanderers player touched the ball but the jeers from the home support soon became less hostile as the first half wore on. [PAR] Marseille where seemingly physical in the opening stages as Habib Beye, Abdoulaye Meite, Lorik Cana and Ribery all tested the patience of Swiss referee Massimo Busacca. [PAR] Just over three minutes into the game the first chance fell the way of the Wanderers who won a free kick after Kevin Davies had been felled by Frederic Dehu. The much improved Jay-Jay Okocha fired in the resulting set piece which Barthez could only parry away. [PAR] Four minutes later Okocha was once again involved but this time it was for conceding a free kick at the other end when shoving countryman Wilson Oruma in the chest. [PAR] Marseille midfielder Ribery stepped forward to take the free kick just outside the area but the resulting shot proved disappointing as it cannonned off the wall for a corner. [PAR] Bolton seemed totally unfazed by the atmosphere of the home crowd and continued to plug away as if they had been involved in European football for a number of seasons. [PAR] Their reward came on twenty six minutes as Giannakopoulos gave Sam Allardyce's side an all important away goal when taking advantage of a terrible blunder from ex-Manchester United custodian Barthez. [PAR] The Marseille players had expected the customary long throw to go into the area by Okocha but the Nigerian star fooled the French by playing a one-two with Ricardo Gardner before delivering the pinpoint cross which Barthez was unable to keep hold of. [PAR] Just after the half hour mark Marseille midfielder Cana struck the side netting after a deep ball into the box from the right had been flicked on by the otherwise annonymus Mamadou Niang, this was quickly followed up at the other end by goalscorer Stelios who could not get a clean connection on his volley following a cross from Joey O'Brien. [PAR] The game was starting to liven up by this point and the Wanderers looked comfortable despite the fact that the French hosts had started to up their game slightly. [PAR] Oruma, who was so impressive in the first leg fired in a shot on the turn for Marseille shortly before the break but the Wanderers could feel hard done by some sixty seconds later as Abdoulaye Faye raced clear to fire the ball past Barthez only to be denied a goal due to a marginal offside. [PAR] Tragedy struck in the cruellest possible way for Bolton on half time as the industrious Ribery headed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u00c9poca 64/65 - Ta\u00e7a de Portugal: F.C.Porto - Benfica (1-1 ... \u00c9poca 64/65 - Ta\u00e7a de Portugal: F.C.Porto - Benfica (1-1) - YouTube [PAR] \u00c9poca 64/65 - Ta\u00e7a de Portugal: F.C.Porto - Benfica (1-1) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 30, 2016 [PAR] 16 avos-de-final (2\u00aa M\u00e3o) [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] New [PAR] 26:59 [PAR] Drag\u00e3o com Hist\u00f3ria: Alo\u00edsio - Duration: 18:18. Os Filhos do Drag\u00e3o 209 views [PAR] 18:18 [PAR] Futebol Clube do Porto - [ Alegria ] - Duration: 4:37. sarafi00 82,911 views [PAR] 4:37 [PAR] Portugal | Lisbon Street Dancing! - Duration: 2:33. GUN1T123 4,566 views [PAR] 2:33 [PAR] Atletiekploeg naar Portugal voor oefenkamp - Duration: 1:33. ANP Video 28 views [PAR] 1:33 [PAR] Preconceito em Portugal #MorandoFORAdoBRASIL #veda 02 @blog da quel - Duration: 10:39. Blog da Quel - Raquel Carboni 2,128 views [PAR] 10:39"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Kahn - Biography - IMDb Oliver Kahn - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Oliver Kahn [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (8) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Oliver Kahn was born on June 15, 1969 in Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, West Germany as Oliver Rolf Kahn. He has been married to Svenja since July 8, 2011. They have two children. He was previously married to Simone. [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] ( 8 July 2011 - present) (2 children) [PAR] Simone [PAR] ( 10 July 1999 - 17 August 2009) (divorced) (2 children) [PAR] Trivia (8) [PAR] Goalkeeper of Bayern Munich since 1994. He has won 7 Bundesliga titles and the 2001 UEFA Champions League title. [PAR] After loosing the FIFA World Cup Final in 2002 with the German national side, he was chosen \"goalkeeper of the World Cup\". He was also part of the German squad at the 2006 World Cup but he only got to play in one match during the whole tournament though (their final match against Portugal for the third place, which Germany won). [PAR] Fans of opposing teams taunted him by making ape noises and throwing bananas at him after comedian Harald Schmidt had lip-synced him by using ape noises on Die Harald Schmidt Show (1995). [PAR] He has two children (with Simone): Katharina-Maria (b. December 28, 1998) and David (b. March 7, 2003). [PAR] Has been in a widely publicized relationship to former barmaid and TV host Verena Kerth since 2003. [PAR] 429 appearances for FC Bayern Munich in Bundesliga. [PAR] 128 appearances for Karlsruher SC in Bundesliga. [PAR] He has two children with Svenja: Julian (b. February 1, 2011) and a daughter (b. February 2016). [PAR] See also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Real Madrid's record against English sides (Squarefootball ... Real Madrid's record against English sides (Squarefootball :: original football articles) [PAR] Tuesday, 18 September 2012 [PAR] Real Madrid's record against English sides [PAR] Posted by Colin Illingworth at 02:00 AM in Champions League , La Liga , Real Madrid , Spain | Permalink [PAR] Real Madrid host English champions Manchester City tonight and Roberto Mancini will be hoping to achieve something that only two English sides have managed in European competitions . . . beat Madrid at the Bernabeu. [PAR] Arsenal were the first English side to beat Real Madrid at home in 2006 thanks to a sensational solo goal from Arsenal legend Thierry Henry. The Gunners took a 1-0 lead back to north London and held on to knock the Spanish giants out of the competition, as Arsenal went on to face Barcelona in the final. [PAR] Three years later Liverpool joined that exclusive club, thanks to Yossi Benayoun's head. The Israeli international, who is currently back at West Ham United on loan, gave the Reds a 1-0 lead to take back to Anfield, and boy did they make the most of it. They sent the Spanish giants packing with a 4-0 defeat, 5-0 on aggregate. [PAR] Tottenham aimed to make it a hat-trick of wins for English clubs at the Bernabeu in 2011, but Harry Redknapp's men were torn apart, losing the game 4-0. And that's the risk for Manchester City fans. If you give Real Madrid a sniff of a chance they will punish you. But City have the chance to do something their fierce rivals United have failed to manage in four attempts. [PAR] United were the first English team to face Madrid in Europe in 1956/57 but left the Bernabeu on the back of a 3-1 defeat. Eleven years later, United recorded a 3-3 draw there, beating Real at home as Matt Busby's side went on to reach the final and clinch the European Cup for the first time. In 2000 United returned to the Bernabeu and recorded a goalless draw. Three years later they were shot down 3-1. The mighty Manchester United are still waiting for their first win at the Bernabeu. Could City go there tonight and beat them at the first time of asking? It will be a tough ask. [PAR] Derby County were given a football lesson in the 1975/76 season as they lost 5-1, while Leeds United put up a better fight in 2001 in the group stages as they lost out in a five-goal thriller. [PAR] In the UEFA Cup Ipswich Town played out a goalless draw there in 1973 as did Spurs in 1985, but whereas the Tractor Boys saw them off 1-0 at Portman Road, Spurs lost 1-0 at the Lane. [PAR] Real Madrid will start as favourites for tonight game and Ronaldo in particular will want to put City in their place. The visitors may be sitting in the top four but they have yet to keep a clean sheet this season and that will be a huge concern for Roberto Mancini, who will have his own scores to settle with Jose Mourinho. [PAR] Two defeats in 11 games against English opposition is quite a feat. Can City make it three in 12? Whatever your views, we'd love to hear from you. [PAR] To view Manchester City's record against Spanish sides, click here [PAR] ...Display PP 2010/11 here"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chesney Hawkes - The One And Only (1991) - YouTube Chesney Hawkes - The One And Only (1991) - YouTube [PAR] Chesney Hawkes - The One And Only (1991) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 8, 2012 [PAR] \"The One and Only\" is a popular song written by Nik Kershaw and recorded by the British singer Chesney Hawkes. Produced by Kershaw and Alan Shacklock, Hawkes's recording was featured in the film 1991 Buddy's Song which starred Hawkes as the eponymous Buddy and Roger Daltrey as his father. The film performed moderately well at the UK box office, but the song was a massive hit in the country's music charts, spending five weeks at number one on the UK singles chart in March-April 1991. [PAR] The song was later featured in the film Doc Hollywood, also 1991 (starring Michael J. Fox) and became a hit in the USA, peaking at no. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in May 1991.(wikipedia.org) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Popular Fifties TV Shows from The People History Site Popular Fifties TV Shows from The People History Site [PAR] Food Prices From The 1950's [PAR] Below you will find a number of TV shows that were popular back in the Fifties, many are available as DVD Sets or you can find them being repeated on specialist TV stations ( Terrestrial and Cable ) that feature popular old 50s TV Classics. Great fun , while doing the research it bought back many fond memories of my childhood. I wonder how many others found themselves humming along with the theme music. [PAR] Rawhide [PAR] Rawhide was an American television Western about cattle drives featuring Trail Boss \"Gil Favor\" played by Eric Fleming and ramrod \"Rowdy Yates\" played by Clint Eastwood. The theme music \"Rawhide\" performed by Frankie Laine. Series ran from 1959 till 1966. [PAR] Perry Mason [PAR] Perry Mason based on a fictional defense attorney \"Perry Mason\" played by the actor Raymond Burr and his faithful secretary, \"Della Street\" . Series ran from 1957 till 1966. [PAR] The Phil Silvers Show [PAR] The Phil Silvers Show a comedy television series based on the fun and antics of Sergeant Bilko a master sergeant in the United States Army . Series ran from 1955 till 1959. [PAR] Lassie [PAR] Lassie an American television series featuring the adventures of Lassie and his human companions which started with 11 year old boy Jeff Miller (1954\u20131957), seven-year-old Timmy Martin (1957\u20131964) after that she spent some time with forest rangers and the final years as a companion at a children's home. Series ran from 1954 till 1973. [PAR] The Lone Ranger [PAR] The Lone Ranger an American television series featuring The Lone Ranger ( masked Texas Ranger ) with his White Horse Silver and his Indian sidekick, Tonto fighting the bad guys. Best remembered for the words \"Hi-yo, Silver, away!\" . The series originally was a Radio series dating back to 1933 . TV Series ran from 1949 till 1954. [PAR] Bonanza [PAR] Bonanza American cowboy television series featuring the adventures of the Cartwright family headed by Ben Cartwright played by Lorne Greene with his new wife and three sons Hoss, Little Joe and Adam, who lived on a cattle ranch called Ponderosa. . TV Series ran from 1959 till 1973. [PAR] Wagon Train [PAR] You can not include westerns from the TV shows of the fifteis without including the most popular of them all \"Wagon Train\" , This Webmaster is close to 60 years old and still remembers the opening song \". The first series aired from 1957-1962, and the second series aired from 1962-1965. [PAR] 77 Sunset Strip [PAR] 77 Sunset Strip American private detective series set in Los Angeles, featuring Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Roger Smith, and Edd Byrnes. The show was a major hit and soon actors and actresses were vying for the chance to appear as guest spot , the list of those who had a guest appearance included William Shatner, Mary Tyler Moore, Shirley MacLaine, Dyan Cannon, Susan Oliver, Roger Moore, and Diane Ladd. TV Series ran from 1958 till 1964. [PAR] The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin [PAR] The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin American children's television series about a young boy Rusty played by Lee Aake and his German shepherd dog, Rin Tin Tin in the American West helping to bring law and order to the area. This was one of many fifties TV shows of the period which were focussed on pets and other animals. TV Series ran from 1954 till 1959. [PAR] Gunsmoke [PAR] Gunsmoke American"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Three Musketeers: Overall Summary SparkNotes: The Three Musketeers: Overall Summary [PAR] The Three Musketeers [PAR] Context [PAR] List of Characters [PAR] The Three Musketeers is a marvelous journey and should be appreciated foremost for its engaging story. The techniques Dumas employed to such success in 1840-- particularly his mastery of the form of the Romance--still work today. [PAR] As we saw in the closing portions of the book, Dumas gives us a fully developed Romance within his historical framework. He starts with levity and confidence, and ends with moroseness and doubt. The ending, indeed, seems to question many of the books dearly held values. D'Artagnan becomes a lieutenant in the Musketeers, but his promotion comes from the Cardinal--the Cardinal whom he and his four friends had fought so valiantly against for the first half of the novel. In the epilogue, d'Artagnan befriends the Comte de Rochefort, a Cardinalist agent. Was all that earlier fighting really worth it, then? Or was there something futile in all the Musketeers' efforts? Both the possibility of futility and this return to the normal at the end of a great Quest, characterize the form of the Romance as much as do its lighter aspects. Dumas sees the form through. [PAR] With Dumas\u2019s historical context in mind, the melancholy of the Romance becomes even more pronounced. It is almost as though Dumas presents this wonderful Romantic adventure, providing people with a chance to escape day to day toil and immerse themselves in better thoughts about their country, and then spurns it. He cannot bring himself to see the lie of Romanticism through to the end. Even bearing in mind that this turn to ambiguity is typical for the end of the Romance, it is hard not to interpret the ending of the novel as Dumas\u2019s rejection of Romantic values. [PAR] There are two sequels to The Three Musketeers, which Dumas wrote to capitalize on the success of the novel. They are entitled Vingt ans apres, published in 10 volumes in 1845, and Dix ans plus tard, ou le vicomte de Bragelonne, published in 26 parts from 1848-1850. The latter opens in 1660, and tells of a matured, powerful d'Artagnan, captain of the Musketeers. It also contains the account of Porthos's heroic death. But despite these sequels, Dumas never fully recaptured his success of 1844. His estate and his health declined until, after a period of furious attempted productivity to recoup his debts, he died in 1870. The Romance left his life as well. [PAR] But The Three Musketeers is not merely a Romance; it is also a great historical novel, and Dumas\u2019s interesting approach to history also contributes to the success of his book. While he keeps his characters away from being major players in national events, he is not afraid of brazenly attributing human motives to history. In Dumas\u2019s version, France and England very nearly fight a war simply because the Duke of Buckingham loves Anne of Austria: John Fenton assassinates Buckingham because of personal reasons provided by Milady, and so on. Part of the entertainment of The Three Musketeers is that, in seeming to avoid the great events and focus on petty affairs, Dumas explains the great events more satisfyingly and entertainingly than any direct explanation of affairs of state could hope to do. History does not have a face-- d'Artagnan has a face, and a handsome one at that. [PAR] Dumas\u2019s formula serves his story well. His incorporation of Romanticism into the historical novel lifted an entire genre of literature into public adulation, and gave the French people a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Rugby Union Six Nations tournament? - CBBC ... What is the Rugby Union Six Nations tournament? - CBBC Newsround [PAR] What is the Rugby Union Six Nations tournament? [PAR] 11 February 2015 [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Check out this guide to find out all you need to know about the Six Nations. [PAR] Rugby Union Six Nations tournament [PAR] The Six Nations is a rugby union tournament played every year between the top countries in Europe. [PAR] The six countries who take part are England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, France and Italy. [PAR] For the first 90 years of the championships there were only five countries involved, but Italy were invited to take part in 2000. [PAR] Rugby Union [PAR] Rugby Union is played by teams of 15 players, with each team made up of eight forwards and seven backs. [PAR] Even at the top level it used to be amateur; that is, played for fun by people who had other jobs too, but now the top players are all professionals. [PAR] The biggest competition in Union is the World Cup, played every four years, but the most famous one in this country is the Six Nations championship. [PAR] The Grand Slam [PAR] If a team wins all five of its matches it is called a Grand Slam, but to win a Grand Slam is very hard. [PAR] England won a Grand Slam in 2003, but only after losing their final match in the three seasons before. [PAR] The Triple Crown [PAR] The Triple Crown is a special prize that only the four home unions are able to win. [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image caption A team can only win the triple crown if they beat all three of the other home unions [PAR] Rugby facts [PAR] The sport gets its name from the place where it was invented, Rugby School in Warwickshire, England. [PAR] In 1816 a pupil called William Webb Ellis got a bit bored during a match of football and decided that picking up the ball would make things more interesting. [PAR] Although the game has come a long way since, even splitting into two codes; Rugby Union and Rugby League, that's where it started. [PAR] One of the most important rules of the sport is that the ball can only be passed backwards."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Magnificent Seven (1960) - IMDb The Magnificent Seven (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An oppressed Mexican peasant village hires seven gunfighters to help defend their homes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] new and ongoing cinema releases, Us/Can, from Jan 13 [PAR] 13 January 2017 2:39 PM, -08:00 | www.flickfilosopher.com [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 01 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 20 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 09 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 4 weeks ago [PAR] Title: The Magnificent Seven (1960) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 1 win & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Seven gunmen in the old west gradually come together to help a poor village against savage thieves. [PAR] Director: Antoine Fuqua [PAR] Three survivors of the initial Magnificent Seven outfit, Chico, Chris and Vin, recruit four new members in order to re-form the outfit and defend a few Mexican villages from attacks by vicious bandits. [PAR] Director: Burt Kennedy [PAR] A poor village under attack by bandits recruits seven unemployed samurai to help them defend themselves. [PAR] Director: Akira Kurosawa [PAR] During World War II, a rebellious U.S. Army Major is assigned a dozen convicted murderers to train and lead them into a mass assassination mission of German officers. [PAR] Director: Robert Aldrich [PAR] Allied prisoners of war plan for several hundred of their number to escape from a German camp during World War II. [PAR] Director: John Sturges [PAR] A wandering gunfighter plays two rival families against each other in a town torn apart by greed, pride, and revenge. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] Marshal Chris Adams turns down a friend's request to help stop the depredations of a gang of Mexican bandits. When his wife is killed by bank robbers and his friend is killed capturing the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: George McCowan [PAR] A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] An all guts, no glory San Francisco cop becomes determined to find the underworld kingpin that killed the witness in his protection. [PAR] Director: Peter Yates [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A bandit terrorizes a small Mexican farming village each year. Several of the village elders send three of the farmers into the United States to search for gunmen to defend them. They"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What was given by my true love on the eighth day of christmas What was given by my true love on the eighth day of christmas [PAR] Sitemap [PAR] What was given by my true love on the eighth day of christmas [PAR] Oct 22, 2013 . Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the eighth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me The Twelve Days of Christmas\" is an English Christmas carol that enumerates in the manner of. On the Second day of Christmas my true love sent to me. However, a 20th-century variant has \" and a Partridge in a Pear Tree On the seventh day of Christmas my true love sent to me: 7 Swans a Swimming 6 Geese a Laying 5 Golden Rings 4 Calling BirdsOn the seventh day of Christmas my true love gave to me seven swans-a- swimming, six geese-a-laying, five gold rings, four calling birds, three French hens, two . Dec 15, 2011 . Four calling birds, Three French hens, Two turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. On the eighth day of Christmas, my true love sent to me My true love sent to me. A partridge. On the seventh day of Christmas, My true love. In the version collected by John Jacob Niles, \". my true love gave to me.Dec 21, 2005 . On the first day of Christmas, my true love gave to me, A partridge in a. Eight maids a milking symbolize the eight beatitudes. The good that we . 4 explanations to The Twelve Days Of Christmas lyrics by Christmas Carols: On the first day of Christmas / My true love gave to me: / A.. On the seventh day of Christmas, My true love gave to me: Seven swans a-swimming. Six geese a- layingDec 20, 2011 . On the 8th day of Christmas my true love sent to me\u2026. . I find joy in the meaning given to this song, and I sing it joyfully \u2013 especially around . The Twelve Days of Christmas Lyrics: On the first day of Christmas / My true love gave to me: / A Partridge in a Pear Tree / On. On the seventh day of Christmas [PAR] \"The Twelve Days of Christmas\" is an English Christmas carol that enumerates a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of the twelve days of. Get breaking entertainment news and the latest celebrity stories from AOL. All the latest buzz in the world of movies and TV can be found here. \"The Twelve Days of Christmas\" is an English Christmas carol that enumerates in the manner of a cumulative song a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of. Our Lady's Messages 1981-2016. The messages given by Our Lady in Medjugorje began on June 25, 1981, and continue to this day. The earliest messages from 1981-1983. Christmas or Christmas Day (Old English: Cr\u012bstesm\u00e6sse, meaning \"Christ's Mass\") is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed most. god, jesus, bible, bible quotes, bible truth, bible errors, christianity, slavery, abortion, gay love, polygamy, war, execution, evil, TEEN abuse, taxes, punishment. This is the 2nd year doing this for my boyfriend! Last year he was so surprised on Day 1 and could hardly wait for the next 11 days to see what he was. A collection of lyrics to many of the best loved Christmas Carols in the world.. Christmas Carols - More than 100 Christmas lyrics Christmas Songs Holiday carol. Langston Hughes was first recognized"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nine weird rituals of Rugby World Cup players - Telegraph Nine weird rituals of Rugby World Cup players - Telegraph [PAR] World Cup player journeys [PAR] Nine weird rituals of Rugby World Cup players [PAR] Here are some bizarre traditions (including wearing black underwear) used by nine current and former international players to make sure they\u2019re in the zone [PAR] Men of ritual: Mark Cueto, John Smit, Simon Taylor, Jonny Wilkinson and Mike Cattt [PAR] Follow [PAR] Research suggests that rugby union players are more obsessed about pre-match rituals and superstitions than either footballers or cricketers \u2013 13 per cent of those polled thought that touching the tunnel ceiling was key to their performance. Some vomit, others wear lucky pants. [PAR] Here are some very odd traditions used by nine Rugby World Cup players, past and present, to make sure they\u2019re ready for action\u2026 [PAR] Jonny Wilkinson [PAR] Given his meticulous approach to kicking, perhaps it\u2019s no surprise that the 2003 Rugby World Cup hero, who laced England to glory against Australia in their own back yard, had a certain ordered pre-match sequence. Stand-off Wilkinson would always warm up without his England jersey on \u2013 that would be saved for the match proper \u2013 and then head back to the changing room to put on his shoulder pads, atop a certain lucky garment. \u201cI always wear the same T-shirt under my England shirt,\u201d the 91-cap Wilkinson, who retired last summer, explained when still playing. \u201cIt is more routine rather than thinking: \u2018If I don\u2019t do this, today\u2019s going to go horribly wrong.\u2019 People like to have their own routines to fight back the nerves and to keep them sane.\u201d [PAR] Mike Catt [PAR] Another RWC 2003 winner, currently in charge of coaching England\u2019s backs, Catt also had a pre-game habit, one which initially started as a bit of fun and developed as a must-do thing. Prior to any international match the South Africa-born utility back would touch his ear during the national anthems when cameras panned across the line-up. It was originally intended as a way of sending a visual message to his family, watching from home. However, the routine became a ritual for Catt and continued throughout his international career, which ended in 2007 after 75 appearances. [PAR] Jason Robinson [PAR] The speedy rugby league convert, who won the Webb Ellis Cup alongside Catt and Wilkinson, was notorious for the way in which he strapped himself before matches, having to wait for certain minutes to tick down before applying tape to specific places. Interestingly a recent survey discovered that almost a quarter of top rugby players tend to strap up age-old injuries, even though they had healed long ago. Robinson, the former wing or full-back, also \u2013 contrary to a number of other players \u2013 would insist on heading out of the changing room first. [PAR] Mark Cueto [PAR] A long-time teammate of Robinson\u2019s at both Sale Sharks and with England, the winger, who hung up his boots at the end of last season, was famous for having a culinary superstition on match days. Worthy of a Michelin star this was not: he insisted on having beans on toast every morning before a match \u2013 and would not be able to take to the field if he had not eaten his desired dish. Perhaps he thought it would provide extra fire power. Cueto, capped 55 times for England, would also put on his left boot before his right, and liked to leave the coach and then changing room last, perhaps copying another winger, David Campese. The Australian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why was Agatha Christie's \"Ten Little Niggers\" renamed ... Why was Agatha Christie's \"Ten Little Niggers\" renamed \"Ten Little Indians\", and yet Joseph Conrad's \"The Nigger of Narcissus\" remains unchaged? [PAR] Why was Agatha Christie's \"Ten Little Niggers\" renamed \"Ten Little Indians\", and yet Joseph Conrad's \"The Nigger of Narcissus\" remains unchaged? [PAR] Message Bookmarked [PAR] \u2015 jonathan livingston pigeon , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:12 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] sexism. [PAR] \u2015 RJG (RJG) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:16 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] [I was going to lock this thread as a troll but some quick research shows it isn't; wow would my reading habits have been different if I'd known about this when I was 10.] [PAR] \u2015 MODERATOR (Dan Perry) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:17 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] Heh, I had the initial reaction as you but then yes, I did remember this being the case. [PAR] \u2015 Ned Raggett (Ned) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:17 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] It's political crunkess. Gone mad. [PAR] \u2015 de , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:18 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] I'm seriously considering building a time machine so that I can go back and slap Agatha Christie for being racist. [PAR] \u2015 VengaDan Perry (Dan Perry) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:19 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] The classic book \"The Student as Nigger\" is also unchanged, but given the radical nature of the point the book makes, in that case perhaps it makes some sense. [PAR] Perhaps literature needs to be understood as a product of the society that created it--why whitewash over the taken for granted racism that existed? Let the names stand and give fodder for discussion about racism and society. [PAR] \u2015 Orbit (Orbit) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:19 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] Seriously, where would you stop though? [PAR] xpost [PAR] \u2015 The Huckle-Buck (Horace Mann) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:20 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] Cos racism wasn't taken for granted by everyone -- black or white -- when Christie chose that as a title. [PAR] xpost [PAR] \u2015 Enrique (Enrique) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:22 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] I gather the rhyme originated in the UK, but the n-word was added when it got to the States. Charming. [PAR] \u2015 Ned Raggett (Ned) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:22 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] Evidently it was taken for granted enough that the title was even proposed, no? [PAR] xpost [PAR] \u2015 Orbit (Orbit) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:23 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] I think the thread title should be \"X-Post-o-rama.\" [PAR] \u2015 Ned Raggett (Ned) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:24 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] how is the use of Indians, in the context of the rhyme, any less racist? It has less stigma, sure, but that's different. [PAR] \u2015 hstencil , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:24 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] Being old enough to remember the civil rights movement, racism and the n word were very very common up through the 1970s. When I was a kid, you could still eat at Sambo's. [PAR] So yeah, that Christie could conceive of the title and propose it to a publisher says a lot about public consciousness at the time. [PAR] mega xpost [PAR] public consciousness about Indians wasn't even developed until very recently (changing of sports team names etc) [PAR] \u2015 Orbit (Orbit) , Monday, 26 April 2004 15:27 (twelve years ago) Permalink [PAR] maybe if it was \"Ten Little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lanzarote: C\u00e9sar Manrique Full-Day Tour - GetYourGuide Lanzarote: C\u00e9sar Manrique Full-Day Tour [PAR] Lanzarote: C\u00e9sar Manrique Full-Day Tour [PAR] Lanzarote: C\u00e9sar Manrique Full-Day Tour [PAR] Product ID: 49798 [PAR] Pick-up is available from selected hotels or the nearest possible bus stop. [PAR] Select date and participants: [PAR] Admire the views from the Mirador del Rio [PAR] Discover the connection between art and nature in the cave of Jameos del Agua [PAR] Marvel at Cueva de los Verdes, part of the one of the longest lava tubes in the world [PAR] Explore Jardin de Cactus, another example of the creativity of Manrique [PAR] Visit the Fundaci\u00f3n C\u00e9sar Manrique and see an excerpt of his artistic work [PAR] Discover the Monumento al Campensino, a monument designed by C\u00e9sar Manrique [PAR] Overview [PAR] Discover Lanzarote in the footsteps of C\u00e9sar Manrique on this full-day tour. Visit the Monumento al Campensino and enjoy the fantastic views from the Mirador del Rio. Explore a lava tube and the impressive house that belonged to Manrique. [PAR] What to Expect [PAR] Hardly any other has influenced Lanzarote so much as the artist C\u00e9sar Manrique. He was a painter, architect, sculptor, designer, and environmentalist. His vision was a symbiosis of architecture and nature. [PAR] Start the tour in his footsteps with a visit to the Monumento al Campensino, a monument to farmers dedicated to the hard-working rural population. See the traditional craftsmanship of the Canary Islands in the small museum and marvel at the impressive restaurant in the foothills of a lava field. [PAR] Continue on into the Valley of a Thousand Palms to the Mirador del Rio. Enjoy one of the most spectacular panoramic views of Lanzarote and one of the most representative architectural creations of C\u00e9sar Manrique that unites art and nature. [PAR] Visit the nearby caves, Jameos del Agua or Cueva de los Verdes, both part of a 7-kilometer-long lava tube, which was created by the eruption of Monte Corona around 8000 years ago. Discover Cueva de los Verdes, one of the best kept secrets of Lanzarote. Alternatively, you can explore Jameos del Agua, a portion of which was artistically designed by C\u00e9sar Manrique. Here you will find a restaurant, a concert hall, and a small lake with direct access to the sea where small, white blind crabs live. [PAR] At the end of the tour you will drive to the cactus garden \u201cJardin de Cactus\u201d. Here you will find more than 1100 different species of plants from around the world spread across 5000 square meters. On the way back you will visit the Fundaci\u00f3n C\u00e9sar Manrique in the artist\u2019s former residence. See some of his works of art and discover how the artist worked. A large part of the complex is nestled in the foothills of the longest lava flow of the Canary Islands, with unusual structures running through the entire house. [PAR] What's Included [PAR] Visit to the Monumento al Campensino [PAR] Entrance to Mirador del Rio [PAR] Entrance to Jardin de Cactus [PAR] Entrance to Cueva de los Verdes or Jameos del Agua [PAR] Entrance to Fundaci\u00f3n C\u00e9sar Manrique [PAR] Tour guide [PAR] Travel insurance for the duration of the tour [PAR] Transport by air-conditioned coach[DOC] [TLE] Lanzarote: Mirador del Rio - TripAdvisor Lanzarote: Mirador del Rio - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] Lanzarote: Mirador del Rio [PAR] We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for Lanzarote each week. [PAR] Lanzarote Traveller Article: [PAR] Comments (0) [PAR] Mirador del R\u00edo is an"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] X Factor's Louisa Johnson charts at number 9, worst ... X Factor's Louisa Johnson charts at number 9, worst-performing winner's single ever - Telegraph [PAR] Celebrity news [PAR] X Factor's Louisa Johnson charts at number 9, worst-performing winner's single ever [PAR] Louisa Johnson's X Factor winner's song has entered the charts at number nine, the worst position in the show's history [PAR] X Factor 2015 finalist, Louisa Johnson Photo: PA [PAR] By Hannah Furness , Arts Correspondent [PAR] 6:00PM GMT 18 Dec 2015 [PAR] Follow [PAR] Louisa Johnson, the X Factor winner, has entered the UK charts at number nine: the worst performance from a winner's single in the show's 11-year history. [PAR] Johnson would traditionally have been aiming for Christmas number one with her cover of Bob Dylan's Forever Young, following in the footsteps of previous winners who have sailed to the top of the charts. [PAR] But despite singing her way to victory in the ITV talent show last Sunday , she has achieved combined sales of just 39,000 with the single. [PAR] Last year's X Factor winner Ben Haenow achieved 214,000 combined sales with his winner's single, Something I Need, during its first week on sale and went on to take the Christmas number one spot. [PAR] Photo: ITV [PAR] Shayne Ward' s That's My Goal sold 740,000 copies in its first week in 2005, going on to reach the 1.11m mark in the UK. [PAR] Alexandra Burke's cover of Hallelujah sold 576,000 in 2008, while even the show's very first winner Steve Brookstein sold 204,000 copies of Against All Odds. [PAR] Johnson's chart position follows a difficult series for X Factor, with ratings dropping to a low of 5.39 million. [PAR] Unlike former contestants, a change in the Official Charts, which saw it move from Sunday to Friday, meant Johnson has not had a full week of sales under her belt. [PAR] While it is not impossible for the song to gain momentum and climb the chart, it will now struggle to reach Christmas number one : a position the majority of X Factor winners have enjoyed. [PAR] All previous winners have reached number ones with their debut single, with even Joe McElderry - who missed out on the Christmas number one to Rage Against the Machine - climbing a week later. [PAR] The X Factor did, however, give a boost to One Direction's single History, which reached its highest position of number 11 after their performance of the song on Sunday's final. [PAR] Adele's 25 is set to become the fastest album to sell two million copies in UK chart history. [PAR] By midnight on December 17, the singer's third album had reached 1.97 million sales, and it has now almost certainly hit the two million mark - having sold between 46,000 and 61,000 copies a day for the past week. [PAR] Photo: ITV [PAR] 25, which remains in the top spot on the album chart for the fourth consecutive week, will likely achieve this record after 29 days on sale - beating her previous album 21, which took 13 weeks to reach the two million mark. [PAR] On the singles chart, Justin Bieber set a new record as the first artist ever to log four consecutive weeks at numbers one and two, with his tracks Love Yourself and Sorry."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Confucius is Born | World History Project Confucius is Born | World History Project [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Colin Harris [PAR] While he was living, Confucius was not a powerful man, nor even a particularly famous man. He was born in China in 551 B.C., and was not much different from most ordinary men in his time. However, today he is well-known as one of China's most prestigious and prominent teachers, and his wisdom is heard around the world. [PAR] Source: 'Confucius Biography and Teachings'; AllSands, www.allsands.com. Added by: Colin Harris [PAR] According to tradition, the Chinese philosopher and sage Confucius (circa 551-479 BC) was born in the village of Zou in the state of Lu (present-day Shandong Province) as a descendant of the noble K'ung clan. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu - the later name K'ung Fu-tze translates as philospher or master K'ung. The Analects ( gleanings or sayings ) of Confucius have had a very profound influence on Chinese society and beyond."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Birds (1963) - FAQ - IMDb The Birds (1963) - FAQ [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Visit our FAQ Help to learn more [PAR] FAQ [PAR] How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? [PAR] For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for The Birds can be found here [PAR] What is 'The Birds' about? [PAR] As a practical joke, wild and carefree newspaper heiress Melanie Daniels ( Tippi Hedren ) buys and delivers a pair of lovebirds to Cathy Brenner ( Veronica Cartwright ), the sister of Mitch Brenner ( Rod Taylor ), a San Francisco lawyer she met while playing another practical joke in a pet store. Soon after Melanie arrives at the Brenners' home in Bodega Bay, birds of various species begin banding together and attacking humans for no discernable reason. [PAR] Is \"The Birds\" based on a book? [PAR] The Birds is based on a short story of the same name by British author Daphne du Maurier [1907-1989]. It was first published in 1952 in a collection of short stories titled The Apple Tree and republished under the name The Birds and Other Stories (1963). The short story was adapted for the movie by American author and screenwriter Evan Hunter. The film bares no similarity to the story. [PAR] What was causing the birds to attack? [PAR] There is no explanation. Hitchcock himself answered that question by saying, \"If you provide an explanation for the phenomenon then the film becomes science fiction; we're not making science fiction, Birds is a thriller, hence we leave out any explanation.\" The fact that it is never revealed to the audience why normally peaceful birds suddenly start attacking humans is a technique that Hitchcock used frequently in his movies. It is called a MacGuffin (or McGuffin), which Hitchcock defines as \"The plot device, of little intrinsic interest, such as lost or stolen papers, that triggers the action.\" (Quotation from Halliwell's Filmgoers Companion). Just as the audience never finds out what is written on the stolen papers or what the secret formula is for, the audience is never told why the birds started attacking. Some suggestions in the movie are that the birds are massing to migrate, that they have lost their way in the fog or the dark, that they are panicking, that they are being fed bad chicken feed, that the children have bothered them, or that they are attracted to light. [PAR] Was Melanie responsible for causing the birds to attack? [PAR] This is another of those things that Hitchcock chose not to explain to the audience. As the plot develops, Melanie certainly seems to be the lightning rod for the attacks. However, there was mention of birds attacking in other places unrelated to Melanie's presence, such as the gulls attacking the fisherman, the attack on chicken farmer Ned Fawcett, and flocks of birds attacking people miles away in Sebastopol and Santa Rosa. [PAR] How does the movie end? [PAR] Melanie hears some noises in the attic and goes up to check it out. As she opens the door and steps in the room, birds come flying at her from all sides. The attack is so forceful that she can't reopen the door in order to get out. Mitch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sylvester Stallone - Biography - IMDb Sylvester Stallone - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Sylvester Stallone [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 345 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (126) | Personal Quotes (178) | Salary (28) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] This athletically built, dark-haired American actor/screenwriter/director may never be mentioned by old-school film critics in the same breath as, say, Richard Burton or Alec Guinness ; however, movie fans worldwide have been flocking to see Stallone's films for over 30 years, making \"Sly\" one of Hollywood's biggest-ever box office draws. [PAR] Sylvester Stallone was born on July 6, 1946, in New York's gritty Hell's Kitchen, to Jackie Stallone (n\u00e9e Labofish), an astrologer, and Frank Stallone , a beautician and hairdresser. His father was an Italian immigrant, and his mother's heritage is half French (from Brittany) and half German. The young Stallone attended the American College of Switzerland and the University of Miami, eventually obtaining a B.A. degree. Initially, he struggled in small parts in films such as the soft-core The Party at Kitty and Stud's (1970), the thriller Klute (1971) and the comedy Bananas (1971). He got a crucial career break alongside fellow young actor Henry Winkler , sharing lead billing in the effectively written teen gang film The Lords of Flatbush (1974). Further film and television roles followed, most of them in uninspiring productions except for the opportunity to play a megalomaniac, bloodthirsty race driver named \"Machine Gun Joe Viterbo\" in the Roger Corman -produced Death Race 2000 (1975). However, Stallone was also keen to be recognized as a screenwriter, not just an actor, and, inspired by the 1975 Muhammad Ali-Chuck Wepner fight in Cleveland, Stallone wrote a film script about a nobody fighter given the \"million to one opportunity\" to challenge for the heavyweight title. Rocky (1976) became the stuff of cinematic legends, scoring ten Academy Award nominations, winning the Best Picture Award of 1976 and triggering one of the most financially successful movie franchises in history! Whilst full credit is wholly deserved by Stallone, he was duly supported by tremendous acting from fellow cast members Talia Shire , Burgess Meredith and Burt Young , and director John G. Avildsen gave the film an emotive, earthy appeal from start to finish. Stallone had truly arrived on his terms, and offers poured in from various studios eager to secure Hollywood's hottest new star. [PAR] Stallone followed Rocky (1976) with F.I.S.T. (1978), loosely based on the life of Teamsters boss \"Jimmy Hoffa\", and Paradise Alley (1978) before pulling on the boxing gloves again to resurrect Rocky Balboa in the sequel Rocky II (1979). The second outing for the \"Italian Stallion\" wasn't as powerful or successful as the first \"Rocky\"; however, it still produced strong box office. Subsequent films Nighthawks (1981) and Victory (1981) failed to ignite with audiences, so Stallone was once again lured back to familiar territory with Rocky III (1982) and a fearsome opponent in \"Clubber Lang\" played by muscular ex-bodyguard Mr. T . The third \"Rocky\" installment far outperformed the first sequel in box office takings, but Stallone retired his prizefighter for a couple of years as another mega-franchise was about to commence for the busy actor. [PAR] The character of Green Beret \"John Rambo\" was the creation of Canadian-born writer David Morrell , and his novel was adapted to the screen with Stallone in the lead role in First Blood (1982), also starring Richard Crenna and Brian Dennehy . The movie was a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 10 best Bon Jovi songs - AXS The 10 best Bon Jovi songs - AXS [PAR] The 10 best Bon Jovi songs [PAR] By: Shawn S. Lealos AXS Contributor Nov 25, 2014 [PAR] 2044271 485462 16541761 6 y2014m11d25 [PAR] 29985 [PAR] YouTube [PAR] If anyone represents the 80s hair band era perfectly, it is Bon Jovi. Led by singer Jon Bon Jovi, the band remains one of the most popular in the world three decades later, one of the bestselling live performances in the world today regardless of genre. With 13 studio albums, with the last 10 all hitting the Top 10 on the Billboard charts, and five reaching number one, there are plenty of songs to choose from when putting together a top 10 list. [PAR] With 57 singles over Bon Jovi\u2019s 30 year career, there is definitely plenty to choose from. Check out our list of the New Jersey natives top 10 tracks and see where your favorites rank. [PAR] 10. Runaway [PAR] This is the song that really kicked off the career of Bon Jovi, their first single from their debut album. It was released in 1984 by Jon Bon Jovi and a group of musicians that were not even the members of the actual Bon Jovi band. The song peaked at the 39th spot on the Billboard charts. [PAR] 9. Keep the Faith [PAR] Released in 1992 on the Keep the Faith album, this single came from the final album that Bon Jovi released before the hair band era died. While not the biggest hit, as \u201cBed of Roses\u201d was a bigger song, it was the better song on one of Bon Jovi\u2019s most mature albums that still retained the hair era spirit. [PAR] 8. Born to Be My Baby [PAR] The second release for Bon Jovi from their number one ranking album New Jersey, \u201cBorn to be my Baby\u201d reached number three on the Billboard charts. It was one of five singles to hit the Top 10 from that album, the most for a rock band. [PAR] 7. Never Say Goodbye [PAR] Released in 1987 from the band\u2019s breakout album, Slippery When Wet, \u201cNever Say Goodbye\u201d became an anthem and enjoyed the spot on many high school prom playlists for the next few years. It hit 11 on the mainstream rock charts but never hit the Billboard charts thanks to the fact that the band never released it as an actual single. [PAR] 6. Blaze of Glory [PAR] The only song on this list that was not on a Bon Jovi album is \u201cBlaze of Glory,\u201d which was a Jon Bon Jovi solo track from the movie \u201cYoung Guns 2.\u201d The song hit number one on the Billboard charts in 1990. In some interesting trivia, Emilio Estevez, the star of the movie, asked for \u201cWanted Dead or Alive,\u201d but Bon Jovi wanted to write a new song that better fit the theme of the western movie. [PAR] 5. Bad Medicine [PAR] The first release from the New Jersey album in 1988 was \u201cBad Medicine\u201d and the band proved at the time to be the most popular metal band in the world. The video remains iconic with the late great comedian Sam Kinison opening up the video by getting fans all riled up to shoot a music video that wasn\u2019t the same old crap. [PAR] 4. I\u2019ll Be There for You [PAR] The third of five songs released from New Jersey was the power ballad \u201cI\u2019ll Be There For You\u201d in 1989. It hit number one on the Billboard charts, the biggest hit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Newman - Biography - IMDb Paul Newman - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Paul Newman [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 225 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (126) | Personal Quotes (75) | Salary (10) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Screen legend, superstar, and the man with the most famous blue eyes in movie history, Paul Leonard Newman was born in January 1925, in Cleveland, Ohio, the second son of Theresa (Fetsko) and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Paul's father was Jewish, the son of immigrants from Poland and Hungary; he owned a successful sporting goods store. Paul's mother, a practicing Christian Scientist of Slovak decent, and his uncle Joe, had an interest in creative arts, and it rubbed off on him. He acted in grade school and high school plays. The Newmans were a well-to-do family, and Paul grew up in a nice home in Shaker Heights. [PAR] By 1950, the 25 year-old Newman had been kicked out of Ohio University for unruly behavior, served three years in the Navy during World War II as a radio operator, graduated from Ohio's Kenyon College, married his first wife, Jackie, and had his first child, Scott. 1950 was also the year that Paul's father died. When he became successful in later years, Newman said if he had any regrets it would be that his father wasn't around to see it. He brought Jackie back to Shaker Heights and he ran his father's store for a short period. Then, knowing that wasn't the career path he wanted to take, he moved Jackie and Scott to New Haven, Connecticut, where he attended Yale University's School of Drama. While doing a play there, Paul was spotted by two agents, who invited him to come to New York City to pursue a career as a professional actor. After moving to New York, Paul acted in guest spots for various television shows and in 1953 came a big break. He got the part of understudy of the lead role in the successful Broadway play Picnic. Through this play, he met actress Joanne Woodward, who was also an understudy in the play. While they got on very well and there was a strong attraction, Paul was married and his second child, Susan, was born that year. During this time, Newman was also accepted into the much admired and popular New York Actors Studio, although he wasn't technically auditioning. In 1954, a film Paul was very reluctant to do was released, The Silver Chalice (1954). He considered his performance in this costume epic to be so bad that he took out a full-page ad in a trade paper apologizing for it to anyone who might have seen it. He had always been embarrassed about the film and reveled in making fun of it. He immediately wanted to return to the stage, and performed in The Desperate Hours. In 1956, Newman got the chance to redeem himself in the film world by portraying boxer Rocky Graziano in Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956), and critics praised his performance. In 1957, with a handful of films to his credit, he was cast in The Long, Hot Summer (1958), co-starring none other than Joanne Woodward . During the shooting of this film, they realized they were meant to be together and by now, so did Paul's wife Jackie. After Jackie gave Paul a divorce, he and Joanne married in Las Vegas in January of 1958. They went on to have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Single Statistics - Queen Single Statistics [PAR] Chart Positions and Weeks On Chart >> [PAR] Single Statistics [PAR] This page includes various statistics and lists regarding Queen and solo singles, including chart performance, entry and dropout positions, length and writers. The data focuses on UK singles and considers Queen and solo singles combined, unless specified; Brian's tracks with Kerry Ellis are excluded as they are collaborations rather than solo tracks. It includes all singles upto and including the 'Bohemian Rhapsody' reissue in 2015, although this is excluded from most sections as it failed to chart. Downloads are not included in all sections. [PAR] General Statistics and Chart Performance [PAR] UK Singles Without Promo Videos [PAR] Singles Facts & Feats [PAR] Queen are the second biggest selling group of all time in Britain, with 12.8 million sales - behind The Beatles (22.1 million), and ahead of Abba (11.3 million), The Rolling Stones (10.1 million) and Oasis (9.1 million) [PAR] Only two artists have had number one singles in four different decades - Cliff Richard (50's-90's), and Queen (70's-00's) [PAR] The Beatles are the only act to have had more top 10's than Queen - Queen have 25 while The Beatles have 27. [PAR] 'Bohemian Rhapsody' has spent 14 weeks at number one, giving it the fourth longest stay at the top of the charts, behind 'I Believe' (18), '(Everything I Do) I Do It For You' (16), and 'Love Is All Around' (15). [PAR] 'Bohemian Rhapsody' is also the only song to have been the Christmas number one twice, and a number one in four different years (1975-6 and 1991-2). [PAR] 'Innuendo' is joint second in a list of number one singles with fewest weeks on chart, with just six weeks. [PAR] Queen are 5th in a list of most top 20 hits, behind Cliff Richard, Elvis Presley, Madonna and Michael Jackson [PAR] Queen are the most successful chart act never to have had a transatlantic number one hit. The nearest was 'Crazy Little Thing Called Love', which reached #2 in the UK and #1 in the USA. [PAR] After 'Living On My Own' reached number one in 1993, Freddie became the first artist to have recorded, written, and produced a number one single both pre and post-humously. [PAR] 'Bohemian Rhapsody' is third in a list of the all time best sellers, with 2.36 million copies sold, behind 'Do They Know It's Christmas' (Band Aid) with 3.69 million and 'Candle In The Wind 1997' (Elton John) with 4.9 million copies. [PAR] In September 2005 it was announced that in a global poll of 700,000 people, 'We Are The Champions' was voted the world's favourite song, beating Toxic (Britney Spears), Billie Jean (Michael Jackson), Hotel California (The Eagles), La Tortura (Shakira), Smells Like Teen Spirit (Nirvana), Yesterday (The Beatles), One (U2), Imagine (John Lennon) and Sultans Of Swing (Dire Straits). [PAR] As part of the same poll, 'Bohemian Rhapsody' was voted Britain's third favourite song, behind 'Billie Jean' and 'Thriller', both by Michael Jackson. However, this poll seems rather bizarre as the top 10 has 'Bohemian Rhapsody', 'Angels' by Robbie Williams, 'Welcome To The Jungle' by Guns 'n' Roses, and seven Michael Jackson songs (two of which I've never heard of), which goes against every other poll that I've seen. [PAR] In December 2005 it was announced that Queen had overtaken The Beatles to become the third best-selling chart act of all time, in terms of combined album and single weeks on chart. The list features Elvis Presley at no. 1 (2,574 weeks), Cliff Richard second (1,982), Queen third (1,755)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prison Break's Linc the Sink - Gaming Nexus Prison Break's Linc the Sink - Gaming Nexus [PAR] Prison Break's Linc the Sink [PAR] by: Marissa - posted: 2/27/2010 1:24:00 AM [PAR] More On: Prison Break [PAR] Publisher SouthPeak has released new info about Prison Break: The Conspiracy, the game based on the TV show in the form of new screenshots and character details. [PAR] Lincoln Burrows, older brother and caretaker of Michael Scofield, is one of the main characters you'll get to know (or already know as a fan of the show). His nickname in prison is \"Linc the Sink.\" What characteristics does a person need to have to acquire that kind of nickname? Does he like to do dishes? Does he dispose of garbage? For the full Lincoln Burrows bio, hit the jump. [PAR] The game is set for release on March 30th for PS3, Xbox 360, and PC. [PAR] Lincoln Burrows, often referred to as \u201cLinc\u201d or \u201cLinc the Sink\u201d (a name given to him by other inmates,) is the older brother of Michael Scofield. After their mother passed away, Lincoln took on the responsibility of caring for his brother and became Michael\u2019s guardian. Lincoln endured a tumultuous youth, starting with his dropping out of high school during his sophomore year and leading to a life marred by crime and violence. Even early on, he a lready had a number of convictions on his rap sheet, including theft, battery and possession of illegal substances. [PAR] Lincoln continued looking after his brother even into adulthood. He borrowed money to finance Michael\u2019s college education to the tune of $90.000; not a paltry sum. When Michael wondered how his brother was able to send him to school, Lincoln told Michael that the money came from their mother\u2019s life insurance. However, ultimately the money came from the very source that wound up framing Lincoln for the death of the vice president\u2019s brother, Terrence Steadman. [PAR] Facts & Anecdotes [PAR] Lincoln is father to a son, Lincoln Burrows Jr. (LJ), that he had together with his ex-girlfriend, Lisa Rix. [PAR] During the course of Season 1, Lincoln\u2019s son, LJ, starts to reconnect with his estranged father. [PAR] Lincoln\u2019s incarceration instigated deep feelings of guilt in his brother Michael, who felt responsible since the borrowed money for his education may have had a part in Lincoln\u2019s predicament.[DOC] [TLE] \u2018Prison Break\u2019 Revival \u2014 T-Bag, Kellerman ... - TVLine \u2018Prison Break\u2019 Revival \u2014 T-Bag, Kellerman, Other Characters Who Should Return | TVLine [PAR] 139 [PAR] When it comes to Fox\u2019s officially announced Prison Break revival, this much we know: [PAR] As TVLine reported in June, the action-thriller is returning in 2016 as a 10-episode event series \u2014 with both Wentworth Miller and Dominic Purcell (who now star and recur on The CW\u2019s midseason superhero series Legends of Tomorrow) on board, as escape artist Michael Scofield and onetime Death Row inmate Lincoln Burrows. [PAR] RELATED Prison Break \u2018Sequel\u2019 Event Series Officially Ordered at Fox [PAR] Also, the revival is the handiwork of series creator Paul Scheuring, who in fact is adapting an idea he had at the time that he and Prison Break parted ways. As such, it will need to account for Michael\u2019s fatal sacrifice on behalf of wife Sara, which capped the drama\u2019s four-season run. [PAR] \u201cPaul is very cognizant of [that death],\u201d Fox CEO Dana Walden has said. \u201cAt the point that Paul left the show, he had certain [storyline] ideas but was not interested in staying with the show full-time. So I would say to those fans, \u2018This is the pure"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tusken Raider - Wookieepedia - Wikia Tusken Raider | Wookieepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"A moisture farm? Poor locals never stood a chance. The Sand People think all water is sacred and was promised to them.\" [PAR] \u2015 Saponza to his partner after discovering a moisture farm ravaged by Tusken Raiders [src] [PAR] A group of Tusken raiders [PAR] Tusken Raiders were a species native to the desert world of Tatooine . Their homeworld's harsh environment resulted in them being extremely xenophobic & territorial of their native resources, often attacking the outskirts of smaller settlements such as Anchorhead . [2] The Sand People believed that all water was sacred and promised to them, resulting in them raiding moisture farms set up by colonists. [4] Additionally, Tusken Raiders harvested black melons which grew in the Jundland Wastes , providing them with a reliable source of milk . [6] [PAR] Tusken clan groups consisted of 20 to 30 individuals, and were led by clan leaders, tribal chiefs, and warlords. The Sand People communicated in a language known as Tusken . At the age of 15, a Tusken became an adult, and had to slay a krayt dragon and cut out the precious pearl found in its stomach. Tuskens inhabited encampments scattered across an area of the rocky Jundland Wastes known as The Needles , [3] which were guarded from intruders by vicious massiffs . [7] [PAR] Male Tusken Raiders were the warriors of their clans, often attacking vulnerable travelers that were unfortunate enough to wander through their territory. [1] They wielded gaderffii sticks in combat, and used Tusken Cyclers to fire on vehicles they spotted. [2] Every Tusken warrior created their own gaderffii stick, making each one unique. Males wore rough wrappings and garments that provided protection and allowed ease of movement. [3] Females could be distinguished by their elaborate jeweled masks with eyeslits and torso-covering sand-shrouds. Tusken children wore unisex cowls and simple cloaks, [2] and couldn't dress like males or females until they reached adulthood. All Sand People wore mouth grilles and eye coverings to retain moisture and keep sand out. They were forbidden to remove their clothing in front of others, except at childbirth , on their wedding night, and at coming-of-age ceremonies. [3] [PAR] The Sand People and banthas shared a close, almost mystical bond. During warrior initiation rites, a young Tusken was given a bantha [2] matching their own gender [3] and learned to care for it, with the pair becoming extremely close as the youth earned a place in its clan. [2] When Sand People married, their banthas also mated, and, should its rider die , their bantha usually perished shortly after. If a bantha died before its rider, its remains were placed in a large graveyard, which was treated with great respect by Tuskens and other banthas. [3] [PAR] History [PAR] Edit [PAR] During the Boonta Eve Classic , several Sand People camped out on Canyon Dune Turn . During the first lap, they took several shots at passing podracers with their projectile rifles. Though initially unsuccessful, on the second lap a Tusken managed to shoot down the podracer of pilot Teemto Pagalies , causing it to crash. [8] [PAR] A month before the Battle of Geonosis , Sand People attacked the Lars moisture farm and kidnapped Shmi Skywalker Lars , whom they imprisoned and tortured. Her son, the Jedi Padawan Anakin Skywalker , returned to Tatooine to rescue her, but after finding her in a Tusken camp , she died of her injuries. The vengeful Anakin proceeded to slaughter every"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kylie Minogue\u2019s Official Number 1 Singles\u2019 Sales Revealed! Kylie Minogue\u2019s Official Number 1 Singles\u2019 Sales Revealed! [PAR] 15 March 2014 [PAR] Kylie Minogue\u2019s Official Number 1 Singles\u2019 Sales Revealed! [PAR] To celebrate Kylie\u2019s return to the Official Charts, we count down each of Kylie\u2019s Number 1 singles, from the very first in 1988, all the way up to her most recent in 2003 \u2013 in order of sales. [PAR] Google + [PAR] Next week Kylie releases her 12th studio album, and in this week\u2019s Official Singles Chart she\u2019s eyeing up her 35th Top 10 hit with Into The Blue. To celebrate Kylie\u2019s return to the Official Charts, we count down each of Kylie\u2019s Number 1 singles, from the very first in 1988, all the way up to her most recent in 2003 \u2013 in order of sales. [PAR] There\u2019s no prizes for guessing what comes out on top, but there could be a few surprises along the way. Here\u2019s Kylie\u2019s lucky lucky lucky seven. [PAR] 7. Slow (2003) [PAR] Coming off the back of Kylie\u2019s million-selling album Fever, Slow was something of a surprise. Veering off from Fever\u2019s energetic modern disco and taking a mean and moody electro direction, Slow saw Kylie at her sensuous best, with a sultry video filmed at the former Olympic aquatics centre in Barcelona. It spent just a week at Number 1 in miserable November \u2013 thank goodness for that super sunny video. [PAR] SALES: 130,000 [PAR] WHO SHE BEAT: Kylie saw off competition from Blazin\u2019 Squad\u2019s anthem to playing old cassettes in your Walkman, Flip Reverse and knocked Fatman Scoop\u2019s Be Faithful off the top in the process. [PAR] CHART FACT: Slow was kicked off Number 1 by Busted\u2019s Crash The Wedding. [PAR] 6. Tears On My Pillow (1990) [PAR] Kylie managed to do with her second album what she couldn\u2019t with her first: score two Number 1s off it. Although Kylie was enjoying herself as a popstar, she didn\u2019t want to leave acting behind for ever, and so acted in coming of age movie The Delinquents. Notable mainly for Kylie\u2019s quite frankly dreadful hair throughout, and a very tame love scene in the middle, the movie was essential viewing for any hardcore Kylie fan. Tears On My Pillow was a cover of the Little Anthony & The Imperials song from 1958, which had never been a hit in the UK before. The song was also on the Grease soundtrack \u2013 it can be hard in the background as the Rydell kids get ready for their dance-off (not Kylie's version, obviously; she was only 10 at the time). [PAR] SALES: 260,000 [PAR] WHO SHE BEAT: Kylie chucked New Kids On The Block\u2019s Hangin\u2019 Tough of the top spot. After just a week at Number 1, Tears On My Pillow was deposed by another blubfest \u2013 Sinead O\u2019Connor's Nothing Compares 2 U [PAR] CHART FACT: Kylie wouldn\u2019t have a Number 1 after Tears On My Pillow for another ten and a half years! Until\u2026 [PAR] 5. Spinning Around (2000) [PAR] If there\u2019s one thing Kylie knows how to pull off, it\u2019s a comeback. After a few years of moderate chart success with singles from two albums Kylie Minogue and Impossible Princess, Kylie decided it was time to turn the pop factor back up to 100 with this breezy, empowering track, co-written by none other than Paula Abdul. Spending a week at Number 1 in July, Spinning Around was Kylie\u2019s first chart-topper in a decade and the perfect song to let everyone know La Minogue was back in business. And there were those famous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Most Popular People With Date of Death in 1977 IMDb: Most Popular People With Date of Death in 1977 [PAR] Most Popular People With Date of Death in 1977 [PAR] 1-50 of 1,330 names. [PAR] Sort by: STARmeter\u25b2 | A-Z | Height | Birth Date | Death Date [PAR] 1. [PAR] Bing Crosby Actor, Going My Way Bing Crosby was born Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. in Tacoma, Washington, the fourth of seven children of Catherine Helen \"Kate\" (Harrigan) and Harry Lowe Crosby, a brewery bookkeeper. He was of English and Irish descent. Crosby studied law at Gonzaga University in Spokane but was more interested in playing the drums and singing with a local band... [PAR] 2. [PAR] Charles Chaplin Writer, Modern Times Charles Chaplin was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the silent era. Chaplin became a worldwide icon through his screen persona \"the Tramp\" and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years... [PAR] 3. [PAR] Joan Crawford Actress, Mildred Pierce Joan Crawford was born Lucille Fay LeSueur on March 23, 1905, in San Antonio, Texas, to Anna Belle (Johnson) and Thomas E. LeSueur, a laundry laborer. By the time she was born, her parents had separated, and by the time she was a teenager, she'd had three stepfathers. It wasn't an easy life; Crawford worked a variety of menial jobs... [PAR] 4. [PAR] Elvis Presley Actor, Love Me Tender Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (n\u00e9e Gladys Love Smith) and Vernon Presley (Vernon Elvis Presley). He had a twin brother who was stillborn. In September 1948, Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee where he attended Humes High School... [PAR] 5. [PAR] Sebastian Cabot Actor, Family Affair [PAR] 7. [PAR] Jean Hagen Actress, Singin' in the Rain Jean Shirley Verhagen (later shortened to Hagen) was born in Chicago, Illinois on August 3, 1923. Her father was a Dutch immigrant. Hagen and her family moved to Elkhart, Indiana when she was twelve; she subsequently graduated from Elkhart High School. Afterwards, she graduated from Northwestern University, where she studied drama and was a roommate of fellow actress Patricia Neal ... [PAR] 8. [PAR] Burt Mustin Actor, Cat Ballou Burt Mustin was a salesman most of his life, but got his first taste of show business as the host of a weekly radio variety show on KDKA Pittsburgh in 1921. He appeared onstage in \"Detective Story\" at Sombrero Playhouse in Phoenix Arizona, and played the janitor in the movie version, ( Detective Story )... [PAR] 9. [PAR] Howard Hawks Director, The Big Sleep What do the classic films Scarface , Twentieth Century , Bringing Up Baby , Only Angels Have Wings , His Girl Friday , Sergeant York , To Have and Have Not , The Big Sleep , Red River Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and Rio Bravo have in common? Aside from their displays of great craftsmanship, the answer is director Howard Hawks... [PAR] 10. [PAR] Stephen Boyd Actor, Ben-Hur Stephen Boyd was born William Millar on July 4, 1931, at Glengormley, Northern Ireland, one of nine children of Martha Boyd and Canadian truck driver James Alexander Millar, who worked for Fleming's on Tomb Street in Belfast. He attended Glengormley & Ballyrobert primary school and then moved on to Ballyclare High School and studied bookkeeping at Hughes Commercial Academy... [PAR] 11. [PAR] Groucho Marx Actor, Duck Soup The bushy-browed, cigar-smoking wise-cracker with the painted-on moustache and stooped"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Occupation - definition of occupation by The Free Dictionary Occupation - definition of occupation by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Occupation - definition of occupation by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/occupation [PAR] a. An activity that serves as one's regular source of livelihood; a vocation. [PAR] b. An activity engaged in especially as a means of passing time; an avocation. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a. The act or process of holding or possessing a place. [PAR] b. The state of being held or possessed. [PAR] 3. [PAR] a. Invasion, conquest, and control of a nation or territory by foreign armed forces. [PAR] b. The military government exercising control over an occupied nation or territory. [PAR] [Middle English occupacioun, from Old French occupacion, from Latin occup\u0101ti\u014d, occup\u0101ti\u014dn-, from occup\u0101tus, past participle of occup\u0101re, to occupy; see occupy.] [PAR] occupation [PAR] 1. a person's regular work or profession; job or principal activity [PAR] 2. any activity on which time is spent by a person [PAR] 3. the act of occupying or the state of being occupied [PAR] 4. (Military) the control of a country by a foreign military power [PAR] 5. the period of time that a nation, place, or position is occupied [PAR] 6. (modifier) for the use of the occupier of a particular property: occupation road; occupation bridge. [PAR] oc\u2022cu\u2022pa\u2022tion [PAR] 1. a person's usual or principal work, esp. in earning a living; vocation. [PAR] 2. any activity in which a person is engaged. [PAR] 3. possession, settlement, or use of land or property. [PAR] 4. the act of occupying. [PAR] 5. the state of being occupied. [PAR] 6. the seizure and control of an area by military forces, esp. foreign territory. [PAR] 7. the term of control of a territory by foreign military forces. [PAR] 8. the holding of an office or official function. [PAR] [1250\u20131300; Middle English (< Middle French) < Latin] [PAR] occupation [PAR] aptronym - A name that fits a person's nature or occupation, like Jane House for a real estate agent. [PAR] mechanical - Predates \"machine\" in English and has long had certain separate senses, such as \"an art, trade, or occupation: concerned with manual work\" and \"practical as opposed to theoretical.\" [PAR] specialization , specialty - Specialization refers to the process of becoming specialized; specialty refers to a special pursuit, occupation, or product. [PAR] study - Based on Latin studium, \"painstaking application, zeal\" (from studere, \"to be zealous\"), study's earliest uses are surprising: \"affection, friendliness,\" an \"occupation or pursuit,\" and \"a state of reverie or abstraction; state of perplexity.\" [PAR] Occupation [PAR] [PAR] costermonger A street-vendor, a hawker of fresh fruits, vegetables, fish, etc.; also simply coster. This British expression comes from the earlier costardmonger \u2018apple-seller\u2019 (costard \u2018a large, ribbed variety of apple\u2019 + monger \u2018dealer, trader\u2019). It has been in use since 1514. [PAR] flatfoot A police officer. This expression, in widespread use since the early 20th century, implies that a police officer on a beat becomes flatfooted from walking. Flatfoot and other expressions of derision became firmly entrenched in American speech during the Prohibition era (1920-33) when the general public was particularly contemptuous of those who enforced the law. [PAR] He got sore as a boil and stepped up to the lousy flatfoot. (J. T. Farrell, Studs Lonigan, 1932) [PAR] flesh-tailor A surgeon. The derivation of this British colloquialism is obvious. [PAR] free-lance An unaffiliated person who acts on his own judgment; a writer or journalist who submits work to various publishers without actually being employed by any of them; a person hired on a part-time or temporary basis to perform tasks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dowbrigade \u00bb Sports - Weblogs at Harvard Dowbrigade \u00bb Sports [PAR] Dowbrigade [PAR] The Revolution Will Not Be Televised, But It Will Be Blogged [PAR] Archive for the 'Sports' Category [PAR] dowbrigade - June 20, 2008 @ 9:37 pm \u00b7 Boston , Celtics , Humor , Prose Screeds , Sports [PAR] Yesterday the Dowbrigade and his son and cameraman Gabriel joined half a million other Boston sports fans to celebrate the latest World Championship by a local sports team. Yawn. Then we stopped for Brazilian Bar-B-Q on the way home. Ho hum. [PAR] How jaded we have become, here in the Hub! Somehow life seems empty if one of the local teams isn\u2019t playing for a cup, or trophy, or title. What we have here is a unique and unprecedented confluence of statistical, psychic and socio-cultural factors, bringing championships to Boston by the bandwagon. [PAR] We have already taken credit for the Major Mojo behind this run of competitive success. However, it occurs to us that most people may not be aware of how deep and widespread this reign of triumph currently is. [PAR] For example, how many readers are aware that the Walpole, MA Little League team was declared the default 2007 Little League World Series winner, due to the retroactive age-related disqualifications of players from the Macon, Georgia and Osaka, Japan teams which finished ahead of them? [PAR] And how about the news that the Boston team at the National Conference of Mayors won the annual City Government Softball Tournament final 17-6 after cleanup hitter Tom Tom Menino pointed to the left field wall, mumbled something unintelligible and smashed the crap out of an 0-2 knuckleball from Michael Bloomberg. [PAR] While the \u201cBig Three\u201d of Celtics, Patriots and Red Sox grab all the headlines, true sports fans are aware that there are other champions in town. The New England Revolution have been to the MLS finals three years in a row, earning the unfortunate sobrioquet \u201cBuffalo Bills of the MLS\u201d. [PAR] But further down the food chain of professional sports, who knew that the Boston Tea Bags recently finished first in the Gay Para Olympics. Or that the Boston Bonsais of the Professional Flower Arranging League last year won the Bouquet Bowl?It is a shame only the Bay Windows weekly rag reported that the Boston Stylistics captured the American Stylists 2008 Coiff-Off held recently in Las Vegas. They Blow! [PAR] Among female competitors, local teams at the top of their respective sports include the Boston Ballbreakers of the Womens Amateur Rugby Association and the New England Nannies who recently triumphed in the World Child Care Olympics in Manchester, England. [PAR] And who could forget the Boston Blueballs, who traveled to Fugloysund, Norway for the Competitive Ice-Swimming Team Championship and won! Go Blueballs! [PAR] But Boston\u2019s good fortune has not been limited to nominal grown-ups. Our many excellent college teams have also been bringing home titles at a rate that has the laurel leaves falling faster than foliage in the fall. Why, just during the past academic year, MIT took home both the US Collegiate Chess Championship and the NCAA Robot Rhythmic Gymnastics Cup. In between Harvard won the Super-Ego Bowl. [PAR] Speaking of bowls, BC triumphed in the 2008 GE College Bowl as well as the Champs Sports Bowl, and Northeastern staggered home with the 2008 Beer Pong title. Brandeis took the team title at the Maccabee Games and a Bentley won the Paris-Dakar Road Rally. In a major upset, BU won the Division 3 Football Championship, even though they haven\u2019t had a football team for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Past Time Sports makes leather football helmets, antique ... Past Time Sports makes leather football helmets, antique baseball gloves, vintage leather football helmets [PAR] [PAR] Leather Football Helmet Hisitory [PAR] Football historians, those who have studied the game and its origins, place the games beginnings in rugby, an English game played with many similarities to football. Rugby began in eighteen twenty-three at the famous Rugby Boys School in England. Another cousin of the game of football is soccer, sometimes called association football; its beginnings can also be traced to English origin, being played as early as the eighteen twenties. [PAR] COLLEGE FOOTBALL: ITS BEGINNINGS [PAR] At the same time, a group of students, who did not wear leather football helmets, at Princeton began playing what was then known as bal lown. First using their fists to advance the ball, and then their feet, this game consisted mainly of one goal: to advance the old watermeoln football past the opposing team. There were no hard and fast rules applied to this earliest attempt at the game we now call football .At Harvard, the freshman and sophomore classes, who also did not at first wear leather football helmets, competed in a football-type game, played on the first Monday of each school year; this event came to be known as Bloody Monday because of the roughness of the game. Pick up games,where there were no leather football helmets, similar in style to that played on Bloody Monday, soon became popular on the Boston Common, catching on in popularity around eighteen sixty .Soon after the end of the American Civil War, still the leather football helmet had not been invented, around eighteen sixty five, colleges began organizing football games.None of these early teams wore leather football helmets. In eighteen sixty seven, Princeton led the way in establishing some rudimentary rules of the game. But still , leather football helmets were not used or invented. Players simply tied a bandana around their heads. Also in that year, the football itself was patented for the very first time That early ball was a crude watermelon, almost round shape. But still no way to protect the players from death or concussins because there were no leather football helmets even thought of during these early years..Rutgers College also established a set of rules in eighteen sixty seven, and with the relatively short distance between it and Princeton, a game was decided upon by both universities. A date was chosen, November sixth, eighteen sixty nine; Rutgers won by a score of six goals to four, and thus was played what has become known as the very first intercollegiate football game No leather football helmets were worn during this contest. The flying wedge plays injured many because they had no leather football helmets..In eighteen seventy three, representatives from Columbia, Rutgers, Princeton, and Yale met in New York City to formulate the first intercollegiate football rules for the increasingly popular game, still being played with many of the rules of soccer. These four teams established the Intercollegiate Football Association, and set as fifteen the number of players allowed on each team.Walter Camp, the coach at Yale and a dissenter from the IFA over his desire for an eleven man team, helped begin the final step in the evolution from rugby-style play to the modernfootball game of American football. The IFAs rules committee, led by Camp, soon cut the number of players from fifteen to eleven, and also instituted the size of the playing field, at one hundred ten yards. But still no one thought to protect themselves better with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cricket Terminology - VirginiaLiving.com Cricket Terminology - VirginiaLiving.com [PAR] Spring\u2019s \u2018other\u2019 sport, cricket, has surprisingly deep roots in the Commonwealth. [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Cricket Ball [PAR] Cricket ball [PAR] Springtime is here, and across Virginia players will take up the old bat and ball for a classic warm-weather sport. Around the state, they\u2019ll gather for informal games and in structured contests on official playing fields, umpire and all. The sport they\u2019ll play? Cricket, the only sport in the world where you can be out for a duck if a bowler you thought was a dibbly dobbly sends you a googly. [PAR] You may chortle a bit at this stereotypically British athletic contest that comes complete with an official tea break, but more than 1,000 people play the sport in Virginia, according to Shelton Glasgow, the Atlantic region representative to the United States of America Cricket Association. Northern Virginia in particular has seen a surge in the number of active cricket players\u2014Loudoun County conducts a popular cricket league, and some public schools in Fairfax County include cricket in physical education classes. Cricket is even played on the collegiate level: The George Mason University cricket team beat 31 squads to win the 2011 national championship. [PAR] Cricket began in England, with the earliest known reference to the game dating to 1598. (The game would be codified in 1788.) Long associated with countries that were once part of the British Empire, it\u2019s no surprise the sport was played in Colonial Virginia. The 1709 and 1710 secret diaries of William Byrd of Westover indicate that Byrd played cricket with friends at Westover, Green Spring, Shirley and Berkeley plantations, and played hard enough to injure himself. \u201cWe played at cricket and I sprained my backside,\u201d he wrote, but continued to play. [PAR] During the Revolutionary War, George Washington\u2019s troops are thought to have played a variation of the game at Valley Forge in 1778. Even post-Independence, in 1795, a Richmond cricket club printed a set of team and sport rules, suggesting the organization\u2019s members wanted more people to take up the pastime. [PAR] Henry Chadwick, now rememberd as \u201cthe father of baseball,\u201d was initially a cricket writer and created a short-lived Richmond cricket club in 1857, and there are references to clubs in Roanoke, Gordonsville, Charlottesville and Richmond around the turn of the century. But it was baseball that captured Chadwick\u2019s imagination, along with the rest of the nation\u2019s. [PAR] Cricket was largely forgotten, but far from gone. The British Commonwealth Cricket Club, established in 1953 and now based in Washington, D.C., played its first four years in Virginia at Bellpais, a Fairfax County estate near Mount Vernon. The organization served as the fountainhead for the multiethnic Washington Cricket League and the melting-pot cricket culture that began to emerge across Northern Virginia. In 1988, the Hampton Cricket Club emerged from the gathering of NATO troops stationed in the area. A few years later, the India Association Cricket Club took up play in Richmond, taking on Hampton and another team in Lynchburg. In 1995, the four-squad Mid-Atlantic Cricket League formed, and the next year it merged into the North Carolina-based Mid-Atlantic Cricket Conference. Last year, 15 Virginia teams competed in the MACC. [PAR] Fans see cricket as a highly athletic sport. Top-level bowlers can hurl 100-mile-per-hour balls toward the batsman, who needs protective equipment, including arm, leg and chest guards, gloves, and a protective helmet with a facemask. The players wear collared shirts and brightly colored uniforms that almost resemble training suits for most matches. For test matches\u2014the increasingly rare, five-day matches that \u201ctest\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target for ... Tiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target for the 21st Century (1996) [PAR] You are at: Home \u00bb History \u00bbTiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target for the 21st Century (1996) [PAR] Tiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target for the 21st Century (1996) [PAR] This article was originally published in the American Game Collectors Association \u2018s Game Researchers\u2019 Notes, ISSN 1050-6608, October 1996, with illustrations and content on the cover, on pages 5552 to 5561, and also on the back cover. [PAR] In the web version of this article, additional images have been incorporated that did not appear in the original publication. Also please note that the AGCA is now known as the Association of Game & Puzzle Collectors . [PAR] A substantial majority of the information provided in the original 1996 article remains accurate to this day. However, quite a bit more background information has been gathered since. An update is warranted, and is in the works. [PAR] This article was originally posted on the Internet on 3 May 1997, was updated on 2 April 1999, and then with updated images and links on 9 and 15 September 2006, plus a few more minor updates on 24 November 2006, and also on 13 July 2014. [PAR] By Rick Tucker [PAR] \u00a9 1996 Richard W. Tucker. All Rights Reserved [PAR] \u201cOne should make a serious study of a pastime\u201d\u2014Alexander the Great [ 1 ] [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] References [PAR] The Preface [PAR] I\u2019ve played tiddlywinks for 24 years, ever since I ventured into a dormitory at MIT on my first day as a freshman and encountered (no pun intended) the local denizens on their hands and knees shooting winks across the carpet and down the stairs. (It really isn\u2019t normally played on the floor, actually.) I was captivated at the congruence (technical term, sorry) of the ivory towers of MIT housing the noble sport of tiddlywinks, and amazed that MIT might, perhaps inadvertantly (but not always), lend credence to a sport enmired in such a mischievous stereotype. Tiddlywinks appealed to me because of its unique character, because it is almost universally known, and because it demands precise dexterous skills, while also requiring strategy and tactics, and also a measure of luck. [PAR] And so, what follows is the first definitive history of tiddlywinks boxed games. There is a history in all men\u2019s lives.[ 2 ] I invite and expect to hear from game collectors and historians to help me add to, revise, and where necessary, fix errors in this history. I also invite you to visit my tiddlywinks web pages at http://www.tiddlywinks.org , where this article will appear subsequent to its publication in Games Researchers\u2019 Notes, with all the photos in living color. [PAR] \u2014 Rick Tucker, 31 October 1996 [PAR] Setting the Stage: The Oft-Ridiculed Game [PAR] \u201cHave we sold our precious heritage in exchange for frivolity and a game of tiddlywinks?\u201d, letter by Lillie Struble in Library Journal[ 3 ]. [PAR] This was the most unkindest cut of all.[ 4 ] [PAR] \u201cA 15th-century Donatello bronze, The Madonna and Child, served the Fitzwilliam family as a tiddlywinks bowl until the Victoria and Albert Museum [London] recognized its importance\u201d, ARTnews[ 5 ]. [PAR] \u201cEven in the matter of nursery games the Victorian child took things very seriously. There were some board games, however, which provided little or no intellectual stimulus. Chief among these was [\u2026] tiddlywinks, whose apparent inanity (to the uninitiated) is often regarded as the ultimate in useless activities.\u201d, James Mackay [ 6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Palazzo Ducale, San Marco 1, Venice. Attractions - Time ... Palazzo Ducale, San Marco 1, Venice. Attractions - Time Out Venice [PAR] [PAR] Palazzo Ducale review 2 Users say 4/5 Rate it [PAR] An unobtrusive side door halfway down the right wall of the nave in San Marco leads straight into the courtyard of the Palazzo Ducale (Doge's Palace). Today's visitors take a more roundabout route, but that door is a potent symbol of the entwinement of Church and state in the glory days of La Serenissima. If the basilica was the Venetian Republic's spiritual nerve centre, the Doge's Palace was its political and judicial hub. The present site was the seat of ducal power from the ninth century onwards, though most of what we see today dates from the mid 15th century. Devastating fires in 1574 and 1577 took their toll, but after much heated debate it was decided to restore rather than replace - an enlightened policy for the time. [PAR] The palace is the great Gothic building of the city, but is also curiously eastern in style, achieving a marvellous combination of lightness and strength. The ground floor was open to the public; the work of government went on above. This arrangement resulted in a curious reversal of the natural order. The building gets heavier as it rises: the first level has an open arcade of simple Gothic arches, the second a closed loggia of rich, ornate arcading. The top floor is a solid wall broken by a sequence of Gothic windows. Yet somehow it doesn't seem awkward. [PAR] The fa\u00e7ade on the Piazzetta side was built in the 15th century as a continuation of the 14th-century waterfront fa\u00e7ade. On the corner by the ponte di Paglia (Bridge of Straw) is an exquisite marble relief carving, the Drunkenness of Noah from the early 15th century, while on the Piazzetta corner is a statue of Adam and Eve from the late 14th century. The capitals of the pillars below date from the 14th to the 15th centuries, although many of them are 19th-century copies (some of the originals are on display inside the palace). [PAR] The Porta della Carta (Paper Gate - so called because this was where permits were checked), between the palace and the basilica, is a grand piece of florid Gothic architecture and sculpture (1438-42) by Bartolomeo and Giovanni Bon. The statue of Doge Francesco Foscari and the lion is a copy dating from 1885; French troops smashed the original when they occupied the city in 1797. [PAR] Behind the palace's fairy-tale exterior the complex machinery of empire whirred away with assembly-line efficiency. Anyone really interested in the inner workings of the Venetian state should take the 90-minute Itinerari Segreti tour. This takes you into those parts of the palace that the official route does not touch: the cramped wooden administrative offices; the stark chambers of the Cancelleria Segreta, where all official documents were written up in triplicate by a team of 24 clerks; the chamber of the three heads of the Council of Ten, connected by a secret door in the wooden panelling to the Sala del Consiglio dei Dieci, and the torture chambers beyond. The tour ends up in the leads - the sweltering prison cells beneath the roof from which Casanova staged his famous escape (probably by bribing the guard, though his own account was far more action hero) - and among the extraordinary beams and rafters above the Sala del Maggior Consiglio. [PAR] Following reorganisation, the main visit - for which an audio guide is recommended - now begins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cat & Mouse Castles - Castle Quest Cat & Mouse Castles - Castle Quest [PAR] Castle Quest [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] I have been trying to find the answer to the following for 2 weeks now - and have just seen this site! Please help if you can!! [PAR] Where and on which famous river would you find the Cat & Mouse Castles? [PAR] Hoping for a favourable response to solve my problem [PAR] Many thanks [PAR] unregistered [PAR] posted 10-19-99 02:04 PM [PAR] A quick search on the web got this answer to your query. St. Goarshausen on the river Rhine -- This ancient town is known for its cat and mouse castles. The Burg Katz (Castle Kat) was built in 1372 by aristocrats who gave the neighboring Durenberg Castle the name Burg Maus (Castle Mouse). [PAR] ------------------ [PAR] Neurotics build castles in the air, psychotics live in them, [PAR] Psychiatrists charge the rent, art therapists do the interior design [PAR] and nurses clean out the garderobes! [PAR] jfm1963 [PAR] posted 03-12-2004 04:03 PM [PAR] [PAR] Do you have any idea where I can find some information as to who live in the Castle Maus? I have records that indicate that some of my ancestors left the Castle Maus around the 1830. [PAR] ipflo [PAR] Unfortunately it doesn't say much about the owners after 1800s. It only says that the castle became a ruin, but maybe you can email them for more info. [PAR] Merlin [PAR] http://www.bti-net.com/burgen/burg/1601.htm [PAR] They say there that the family von Nassau sold Burg Maus 1806 for deconstruction. From www.burgenreich.de I got the information that the ruin was bought by a local wine-maker at 1819. At the end of the 19th century, it came in the posession of an architect named G\ufffdrtner who did the reconstruction from 1900 to 1906. [PAR] jfm1963 [PAR] I need help in translating those websites into English. Anyone out there willing to help? [PAR] ipflo [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] on www.altavista.com you can find a tool with which you can translate websites from german to english. [PAR] jfm1963 [PAR] posted 03-15-2004 02:13 PM [PAR] [PAR] Merlin, do you have any idea what the wine makers name was? And thanks ipflo for the translation site! [PAR] Merlin [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] I'm sorry, but searching the net I couldn't find his name. More sites with information about the castle: [PAR] posted 03-18-2004 05:09 PM [PAR] [PAR] Do any of you have any contacts that you can check out the family of a Johann Georg Maus? He apparently lived in the castle until they fled from the area for America around the 1830 or 1840's. [PAR] Merlin [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Are you sure about that? In the time period you suggest, castle Maus was already in ruins. And the 'Maus' in the castles name was not connected to the name of a family - it's original name was Durenberg. The neighboring castle on the other side of the Rhine is castle 'Katz' - named after the counts of Katzenellnbogen (which means \"cat's ellbow\"). It was more kind of a joke that the bishop who owned Durenberg in the 14th century und who was not a freind of the counts named his castle 'Maus'. [PAR] jfm1963 [PAR] posted 03-22-2004 09:20 AM [PAR] [PAR] This is the account I have from a relative of mine and it suggests that they came from their castle on the Rhine: [PAR] \"The Maus family fled from Germany about 1830. Their home was the ancestral castle, the Maus Tower on the Rhine, province of Hesse-Darmstadt. The father was a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Channel Islands guide - UK Coast Guide Channel Islands guide [PAR] Listings [PAR] Alderney - Guernsey - Sark - Herm - Jersey Coast Guide [PAR] The Channel Islands* are a group of five small islands, around sixty odd miles south of Weymouth, on the English coast. In spite of being much closer to France; around 15 miles in the case of Alderney, the islands have been British territories since the twelfth century. The two main islands of Jersey and Guernsey are very popular holiday destinations for the British but they also attract tourists from all over the world. There are numerous ferry links to both the UK and France and there are air links to Alderney, Guernsey and Jersey. [PAR] [PAR] Mont Orgueil Castle Jersey [PAR] For details of Jersey and Guernsey Hotels and Holidays, Guest Houses, Cottages and to visit Attractions. Go to Jersey Guernsey Hotels Guest Houses and Cottages [PAR] Alderney [PAR] Alderney is the third largest island of the group but is quite small, measuring around 3.5 miles by 1.5 miles. It has a population of around 2500, who are mostly located in the main town St Anne. [PAR] The island is also a bit isolated as it has no regular ferry service operating from the mainland or from the other islands. The main means of transport is via air links which run to Jersey and Guernsey and to Bournemouth on the mainland. Although there are now daily flights into the island from Southampton, Shoreham (Brighton International), and Bournemouth. Check with airports for schedule. [PAR] [PAR] Oddly enough, as Alderney gets relatively few visitors, it is one of the best defended places in the UK with an amazing 13 forts along its coast. The reason for these fortifications, of course was the fear of French invasion during the nineteenth century. The island is only a cannon ball shot or two from the French coast. [PAR] The island has some excellent beaches and beautiful scenery you should book accommodation in advance. [PAR] Guernsey [PAR] Guernsey is the second largest island with a population of around 60,000 and is the second most popular holiday destination of the group. Life centres on St Peter Port which is the main town and port. Here you can catch ferries to the smaller islands of Herm and Sark. [PAR] The island has some dramatic scenery, with towering cliffs and sandy beaches along its western coast. Recommended beaches are at Cobo and Pembroke. [PAR] Guernsey's most famous son is Victor Hugo, the French writer, who was exiled to the island in 1856 when Napoleon III took over France. He stayed until 1870, living in Hautville House, which is now a visitor centre and open to the public on most days. The Channel Islands were occupied by Germany during World War II and there are still many reminders of this event dotted around the island, including the Underground Hospital which was built by slave labour to house injured German soldiers. [PAR] As you would expect Guernsey has some great beaches, these are mostly located on the islands north coast. At the eastern end of the island is Pembroke Bay, which is north east facing, nearby is Le Grand Harve, a large sandy beach. Further to the west are Saline and Cobo Bay, both are sandy and have beach facilities. Next is Vazon Bay and at the western end of the island you will find the huge L'eree Bay which joins up with Rocquaine Bay, there are beach cafes at either end of the beach. The nearest beaches to St. Peter Port are Petit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Highest point in Exmoor national park | Twenty Something ... Highest point in Exmoor national park | Twenty Something Burnouts [PAR] 13 Replies [PAR] Nick Says: Being back in the UK at long-last hasn\u2019t cured us of any sort of wanderlust; in fact it\u2019s just made it more amplified! So of course it wasn\u2019t long after we touched back down and moved back to London that we were zooming off again, but this time to explore the amazing wilds of our own country. Taking the time to explore what we had at home had been something we were both very keen to do after our tropical adventure, and the fact that it was Bee\u2019s birthday (a very special one too) gave us the perfect excuse to hightail it away from the city. [PAR] Planning this trip had been a long time in the making. All the way back in South America actually\u2026 Bee had asked to go away for her birthday weekend, and had a few requests! It needed to be in the wilderness, have the opportunity to do some star-gazing, and also put on a great cream tea. So I sent off this wish-list to Bee\u2019s mum who kindly offered to do some research, and in the end found the perfect place; Cutthorne House in Exmoor, voted one of the Top 10 Most Remote Hotels in England and Top 20 Wild Places to stay in the UK. It looked to be perfect, and I couldn\u2019t wait to surprise Bee with a trip to somewhere she had no idea where she was going (despite asking a LOT of leading questions). [PAR] Bee Says: We set off nice and early, making packed lunches to take in the car. I knew nothing about where we were going other than it was in the UK (no passport required, for once!) and that I had to scrunch my eyes shut when Nick typed in the end destination to the sat nav. Luckily, as I haven\u2019t driven for over 8 years and am a Yorkshire lass, my sense of Southern geography is atrocious. I soon figured out we were heading west\u2026 but wasn\u2019t actually sure what was in the west, so it made for a pretty easy surprise. I get so lucky with my birthday every year in terms of weather, and this one was no different. We got great van-man-tans on opposing arms as the glorious English countryside zoomed past, all green and yellow and spring-ing into life. After smooth sailing for a couple of hours, we hit some mega traffic. We sat and sat and sat, inching along with our tummies starting to rumble and our bladders starting to wish we were closer to a service station. And then! We saw what all the fuss was about. It was because we were about to pass this pile of pebbles: [PAR] It always amazes me how close Stonehenge is to the motorway, and suddenly idling away in the sticky jam of cars was all worth while. Before long we were back on the magical mystery tour and it was time to take a lunch break. One of the things I always hold dear to my heart as quintessentially British, is our very special brand of service stations. Everything about them fills me with a patriotic pride, even though I know they are a bit grotty and flawed. I LOVE Little Chef, I love the shopping arcade bits with everyone milling around buying magazines and overpriced water and car sweets. I love the feeling that you also get in airport departure lounges; everyone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Appleby horse fair begins in Cumbria - Daily Mail Online Appleby horse fair begins in Cumbria - and is already hit by row over 'invasion' | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Next [PAR] My Big Fat Gypsy horse fair: Traditional gathering begins in Appleby - and is already hit by row over 'invasion' [PAR] Thousands of travellers and tourists are arriving in Appleby, Cumbria to take part in the annual horse fair [PAR] The event - the largest of its kind in Europe - runs for a week and has been taking place for hundreds of years [PAR] But there is already anger over this year's event - with dozens of travellers camping on the town's golf course[DOC] [TLE] Appleby Horse Fair 2016: Travellers arrive in Cumbria for ... Appleby Horse Fair 2016: Travellers in Cumbria for world's biggest gypsy gathering [PAR] By David Sim [PAR] June 2, 2016 17:25 BST [PAR] Thousands of travellers, gypsies and tourists have arrived in the picturesque town of Appleby-in-Westmorland for its annual horse fair, which takes place this year from 2-8 June. [PAR] The world's biggest gathering of its kind, the Cumbria-based fair is expected to attract about 5,000 travellers and thousands of visitors. [PAR] The Appleby Horse Fair has existed under the protection of a charter granted by James II since 1685, and is nowadays one of the key gathering points for the Romany, gypsy and travelling community, particularly those from the British Isles. The fair is attended by around 5,000 travellers who come to socialise and to buy and sell horses. [PAR] The fair is held in the Cumbrian market town every year in early June. Travellers come from all over the isles to buy and sell horses, meet friends and potential wives or husbands, and celebrate Romany culture. The horses are washed in the River Eden and groomed before being ridden at high speed along the 'mad mile' for the viewing of potential buyers. This year's fair gets under way today, and IBTimes UK shares some of the sights from the first day. [PAR] Jeff Nesham rides Bentley through the River Eden during the Appleby Horse FairChristopher Furlong/Getty [PAR] Under a clear blue sky, members of the traveller community lead their horses into the River EdenPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] A young traveller washes a horse in the River Eden during the horse fair in Appleby-in-WestmorlandPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] A traveller washes his horse in the River Eden in Appleby-in-Westmorland, CumbriaChristopher Furlong/Getty [PAR] A woman rides a horse through Appleby-in-Westmorland during the annual eventChristopher Furlong/Getty [PAR] Members of the traveller community ride horse drawn buggies into Appleby-in-WestmorlandPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] Members of the traveller community ride into Appleby-in-Westmorland in a traditional caravanPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] Members of the traveller community ride a horse-drawn buggy during the horse fair in ApplebyPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] Members of the traveller community wash their horses in the River EdenPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] A farrier shoes a horse in Appleby-in-WestmorlandPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] Members of the traveller community bring their horses to the River Eden during the horse fairPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] Members of the traveller community and their horses are reflected in the River EdenPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] Travellers and their horses gather outside a fish and chip shop in Appleby-in-WestmorlandChristopher Furlong/Getty [PAR] A member of the traveller community rides a horse along the road during the annual fair in Appleby-in-WestmorlandPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] Members of the traveller community talk as they stand by a traditional caravan during the horse fair in Appleby-in-WestmorlandPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] A man and two children ride into Appleby on a pony-drawn buggyPhil Noble/Reuters [PAR] A man bathes a white"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] River Spree, Wannsee and Havel Lakes, Berlin - Off the ... River Spree, Wannsee and Havel Lakes, Berlin - Off the Beaten Path - VirtualTourist [PAR] Off The Beaten Path [PAR] Type the characters in the box [PAR] Send me the VT Newsletter [PAR] (you can unsubscribe at any time) [PAR] I've read and agree to the terms of the User Agreement and the Privacy Statement . [PAR] You are required to read the User Agreement and the Privacy Statement. [PAR] Off The Beaten Path in Berlin [PAR] River Spree, Wannsee and Havel Lakes [PAR] Molecule Man framing the TV Tower. [PAR] photo_library 2/10 [PAR] 3: Again, just walk along the shore [PAR] photo_library 5/10 [PAR] 4: Your pick: head to main station or Dt. Quarter [PAR] photo_library 9/10 [PAR] [PAR] Private Berlin Custom Half-Day Tour with Private Driver and Guide [PAR] \"Your day will start with your guide meeting you at your hotel before driving to Germany\u2019s parliament building the Reichstag. On the way your guide will kick off the day with an overview of Berlin\u2019s 800-year history from its humble beginnings to the creative world city it is today.You\u2019ll then pass Berlin\u2019s gleaming \u20ac1bn main train station Hauptbahnhof before driving to visit the most famous entrance to Berlin\u2019s historical center the Brandenburg Gate. From there you will be taken to Berlin\u2019s most famous Holocaust memorial the poignant \u2018Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe\u2019.Following this you\u2019ll get a chance to stand above the remains of Hitler\u2019s Bunker [PAR] [PAR] Berlin Pass Including Entry to More Than 50 Attractions [PAR] \"Berlin is a big bustling city full of museums art galleries iconic landmarks and historic monuments. Where to begin? With the Berlin Sightseeing Pass! The pass offers fantastic value and convenience with free entry to more than 50 top Berlin attractions plus included sightseeing tours river cruises (summer only) and walking tours that allow you to explore all sides of the German capital.If you want to learn more about Berlin's artistic and cultural side [PAR] [PAR] Private Tour: Berlin City Highlights [PAR] \"You\u2019ll be picked up from your hotel in the morning for your 3-hour private sightseeing tour. Learn about Berlin\u2019s turbulent history diverse architecture and thriving art and cultural scene as you explore the city by private vehicle. As this is a private tour you can customize the exact itinerary to your preferences; simply let your guide know if you have any special interests. Visit historic sites such as Potsdamer Platz Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) Checkpoint Charlie Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom) Charlottenburg Palace (Schloss Charlottenburg) and the town hall. Hop out to walk alongside the remains of the Berlin Wall[DOC] [TLE] River Cruises & Boat Trips - Berlin.de River Cruises & Boat Trips - Berlin.de [PAR] River Cruises & Boat Trips [PAR] Berlin has two large rivers- Spree and Havel- as well as lots of lakes and canals where ships and riverboats cruise. The Spree river flows in arches through the center of Berlin, south of it runs the Landwehr canal. Therefore, all boat tours through the inner city follow the same route over the Spree river and the Landwehr canal, only length and duration of the boat tours vary, depending on start and finish points. [PAR] Several shipping companies offer riverboat tours, prices and schedules vary depending on the length of the route, services and extras. Each company has its own piers. This page presents the most popular river cruises, tickets can be bought online."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 5 Largest Lakes in Italy | USA Today The 5 Largest Lakes in Italy | USA Today [PAR] The 5 Largest Lakes in Italy [PAR] The Borromeo Islands are among Lake Maggiore's major attractions. [PAR] (Photo: Andy Sotiriou/Photodisc/Getty Images ) [PAR] What Are Some Unique Landforms in Italy? [PAR] Italy counts more than 1,500 lakes, but most of the largest are in the north, where the Alps form a mountainous boundary with countries farther north. Three of the lakes -- Garda, Maggiore and Como -- rank as Italy\u2019s largest, while the fourth- and fifth-ranked lakes -- Trasimeno and Bolsena -- lie farther south. [PAR] Garda [PAR] Lake Garda -- Lago di Garda in Italian -- has an area of 143 square miles, making it the country\u2019s largest lake and also the third-largest in the Alps, surpassed only by Lake Constance and Lake Geneva. Its borders touch on the Italian regions of Lombardy, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige. Despite its mountain location, Garda is well-sheltered by the high peaks and enjoys a Mediterranean climate, allowing citrus and olive trees to flourish at its southern end. The northern end was Austrian territory until 1919 and maintains a strong German-speaking character today through the thousands of Austrian and German tourists who vacation in the area. [PAR] Maggiore [PAR] With an area of 82 square miles, Lake Maggiore is Italy\u2019s second-largest lake. The lake\u2019s 34 mile length forms part of the boundary between the regions of Lombardy and Piedmont, while the international border between Italy and Switzerland also crosses the water; the northern end is in the Swiss canton of Ticino. One of the lake\u2019s most popular attractions is the picturesque town of Stresa and the three Borromeo Islands just offshore, which you can visit by boat. The narrow lakeside roads are very busy in the peak summer season, but the lake is just as beautiful in spring and autumn, when the roads are quieter. [PAR] Como [PAR] Lake Como is the third-largest Italian lake, with an area of 56 square miles. It\u2019s easily reachable from Milan, 25 miles to the south, and as a result is popular with locals looking to escape from the crowded city. Como is also popular with celebrities -- film star George Clooney and businessman Richard Branson have homes there, and part of the James Bond film \u201cCasino Royale\u201d was filmed at a lakeside villa. [PAR] Trasimeno [PAR] While Garda, Maggiore and Como in the Italian north are the country\u2019s largest lakes, Trasimeno is the largest on the Italian peninsula south of the Po river. Just 10 miles west of the city of Perugia, it has an area of 49 square miles, but its maximum depth of just 20 feet illustrates how different it is in comparison with its much deeper northern neighbors. Many Italians are aware of Trasimeno from school history lessons, because it is the site of a bloody defeat for the Romans in 217 B.C. when an army led by Hannibal killed around 15,000 Roman soldiers. Today it's a national park with lots of hiking trails for walkers. [PAR] Bolsena [PAR] Bolsena has an area of 44 square miles and owes its existence to a hollow formed in the crater of an extinct volcano. It is the furthest south of the five largest lakes and spreads out to the southwest of the city of Orvieto in the province of Lazio. The lake gives its name to a small lakeshore town. The fertile lake makes fishing one of the main local industries, but you\u2019re also likely to see vineyards and olive groves around the lake"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Balearic Islands Tourist - Information on islands, resorts ... Balearic Islands Tourist - Information on islands, resorts and attractions [PAR] Travel Weekly UK Reed & Mackay announces acquisition of Gray's Travel Management Travel We [ ... ] [PAR] Balearic Islands Tourist [PAR] The Balearic Islands, an autonomous division of Spain and are located between Spain and the North African coast. The Balearic Islands are also one the most popular tourist destination in the whole of Europe. [PAR] This Balearic Islands are made up of Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. On each of these islands you will find the sun, sea and sand but depending on which island you visit you can also find parties in to the early hours of the morning of a nice quiet evening with very little happening. We offer information on each of the Islands including tourist resorts, attractions, weather and the ability to book and secure you hotels and flights online. [PAR] All of balearics have an excellent climate with around 300 days of sun per year, wonderful golden beaches and a rich cultural offering. Choosing which islands to visit though may be your only hard choice as all of them will offer something you can and will enjoy on your holiday. [PAR] There are more passengers passing through the airport of Palma de Majorca than at the airport of any other Spanish city making the Balearic Islands one of the top destinations for many people. [PAR] So what information can Balearic Islands Tourist offer you? [PAR] Majorca (Mallorca) \u2013 Majorca is the largest of the Balearic Islands, flying time most most UK airports is around 2 \u2013 2 \u00bd hours and on arrival local time is 1 hour in ahead of GMT. [PAR] [PAR] Minorca (Menorca) \u2013 is the second largest of the Balearic Islands. Although the second largest Menorca has been able to keep a lot of the traditional settings and managed to avoid over development."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glomma | river, Norway | Britannica.com Glomma | river, Norway | Britannica.com [PAR] Glomma [PAR] Volga River [PAR] Glomma, also spelled Gl\u00e5ma, river , eastern Norway . Rising in a series of small lakes and streams that drain into Aursunden (lake) about 80 miles (130 km) southeast of Trondheim, near the Swedish-Norwegian border, the Glomma flows out of the lake southward through \u00d8sterdalen (Eastern Valley) to Kongsvinger, then westward and southwestward into \u00d8yeren (lake). From there it continues southward to Sarpsborg and enters Oslo Fjord at Fredrikstad after a course of 372 miles. The longest river in Scandinavia, it drains an area of 16,236 square miles (42,051 square km). Its chief tributaries are the Atna, Rena, and Vorma. [PAR] Glomma river at Elverum, Nor. [PAR] Jensens [PAR] The Glomma flows through Norway\u2019s richest timber forests to Sarpsborg, which has extensive sawmills and paper mills to handle the logs that are floated downstream. The river is a major source of hydroelectric power. Flumes (artificial channels) bypass the falls and power plants, and the Glomma is navigable from its mouth up to the Sarpsfoss (Sarps Falls) at Sarpsborg. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Norway [PAR] country of northern Europe that occupies the western half of the Scandinavian peninsula. Nearly half of the inhabitants of the country live in the far south, in the region around Oslo, the capital. About two-thirds of Norway is mountainous, and off its much-indented coastline lie, carved by deep... [PAR] \u00d8sterdalen [PAR] narrow valley, Hedmark fylke (county), southeastern Norway. It extends in a general north-south direction from the eastern flanks of the Dovre Mountains and is approximately 75 miles (120 km) long. The Glomma (Gl\u00e5ma), Norway\u2019s longest river, flows through the valley. Lumbering,... [PAR] in Norway: Drainage [PAR] The Gl\u00e5ma (Glomma) River, running south almost the entire length of eastern Norway, is 372 miles (600 km) long\u2014close to twice the length of the two other large drainage systems in southern Norway, which meet the sea at the cities of Drammen and Skien. The only other long river is the 224-mile- (360-km-) long Tana-Anarj\u00e5kka, which runs northeast along part of the border with... [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] drainage of Norway (in Norway: Drainage ) [PAR] physiography of \u00d8sterdalen (in \u00d8sterdalen ) [PAR] External Links [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Turkey at a Glance - Geography - Columbia University Turkey at a Glance - Geography [PAR] Turkey at a Glance [PAR] Turkey at a Glance [PAR] Geography: [PAR] The lands of Turkey are located at a point where the three continents making up the old world, Asia, Africa and Europe are closest to each other. [PAR] Turkey is situated on an area where Europe meets Asia, creating a link between these two continents. The European part of the country is called Thrace, while the Asian part is known as Anatolia (or Asia Minor). It is bordered to the northwest by Greece and Bulgaria, to the east by the former USSR (Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaican Republics) and Iran, and to the south by Iraq and Syria. [PAR] The Turkish peninsula is bathed by four seas: the Mediterranean to the south, the Aegean to the west, the Sea of Marmara between the European and Asian land masses, and the Black Sea to the north. The entire coastline spans more than 8,000 kilometers (approximately 5,000 miles) in length. [PAR] Because of its geographical location the mainland of Anatolia has always found favour throughout history, and is the birthplace of many great civilizations. It has also been prominent as a center of commerce because of its land connections to three continents and the sea surrounding it on three sides. [PAR] Location: [PAR] Southwestern Asia (that part west of the Bosporus is included with Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. [PAR] Area: [PAR] Total area: 780,000 square km (300,000 square miles) Land area: 770,760 square km Thrace (Europe): 23,764 square km. Anatolia (Asia): 755,688 square km. Max. length: 1,565 km. Average width: 550km. [PAR] Coastline: [PAR] Total: 8,372 km. Aegean: 2,805 km. Mediterranean: 1,577 km. Black Sea: 1,695 km. Marmara: 927 km. [PAR] Land Boundaries: [PAR] Total: 2,753 km. Syria: 877 km. Former USSR [PAR] (Georgia, Armenia, Nakhitchevan); 610 km Iran: 454 km. Irak: 331 km. Bulgaria: 269 km. Greece: 212 km. [PAR] Land Use: [PAR] Arable land: 30% Permanent crops: 4% Meadows and pastures: 12% Forest and woodland: 26% Other: 28% [PAR] Lakes: [PAR] Total: 9,423 square km. In order of size: Van, Tuz Golu (Salt Lake), Beysehir, Egridir, Aksehir, Iznik, Burdur, Manyas, Acigol, Ulubat (Apolyont). [PAR] Mountains [PAR] Max. altitude: Mt. Ararat: 5,165 m. Kackar; 3,923 m. Erciyes; 3,917 m. B Hasan; 3,268 m. Nemrut: 2,282 m. Uludag (Mt. Olympus): 2,543 m. Average altitude; 1,131 m. Land above 500 m. altitude 80% [PAR] Rivers: [PAR] Firat (Euphrates): 1,263 km. (in Turkey) Kizilirmak: 1,182 km. Sakarya: 824 km. Murat: 722 km. Seyhan: 560 km. Menderes (Meander): 584 km. Dicle (Tigris): 523 km. (in Turkey) Yesilirmak: 519 km. Ceyhan: 509 km. Porsuk: 488 km. Coruh: 442 km. Gediz: 401 km. [PAR] Islands: [PAR] Aegean Sea: Gokceada, Bozcaada, Uzunada, Alibey Marmara Avsa Isles: Eknik, Koyun, Pasalimani Princes' Isles: Buyukada, Heybeliada, Burgaz, Kinali, Sedef, Mediterranean: Karaada, Salih, Kekova [PAR] Straits: [PAR] Bosphorus Links Black Sea to Marmara Sea Dardanelles Links Marmara Sea to Aegean Sea [PAR] Regions: [PAR] Seven geographical and administrative regions: Marmara, [PAR] Aegean,[DOC] [TLE] TURKEY - Encyclopedia of the Nations Turkey [PAR] Turkey [PAR] COUNTRY OVERVIEW [PAR] LOCATION AND SIZE. [PAR] Turkey is a peninsula that, uniquely, straddles 2 continents. Located in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, 97 percent of its area occupies Anatolia, the peninsula of land that lies between the Black Sea on the northern coast of the country, and the Mediterranean to the south, where the continents of Asia and Europe meet. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Champions League Winners: The most successful countries ... Champions League Winners: The most successful countries and cities | Sportslens [PAR] Blog Teams AC Milan Champions League Winners: The most successful countries and cities [PAR] Champions League Winners: The most successful countries and cities [PAR] M. A. Umair 7 May, 2013 AC Milan , Ajax , Aston Villa , Barcelona , Bayern Munich , Benfica , Borussia Dortmund , Celtic , Chelsea , England , Football Stats , France , General Football News , Germany , Holland , Inter Milan , Italy , Juventus , Lists , Liverpool , Manchester United , Marseille , Nottingham Forest , Porto , Portugal , PSV Eindhoven , Real Madrid , Romania , Scotland , Serbia , Spain , UEFA Champions League [PAR] This year\u2019s Champions League will obviously go to Germany and it will be the seventh time a German club will be crowned the champions of Europe. Which makes one wonder, how many Champions League trophies have gone to the other top European football nations. [PAR] Lets take a look at how many Champions League or the European Cup trophies have been accumulated by each country. [PAR] Spain \u2013 13 [PAR] We know Real Madrid has nine and it is no surprise who won the other four. [PAR] Madrid won their first one all the way back in 1956 and their ninth title came in 2002 when they defeated Bayer Leverkusen 2-1 in the final. The final was played in Scotland and the goalscorers were Lucio for Bayer and Raul and Zinedine Zidane for Madrid. [PAR] Barcelona won their first in 1992 \u2013 the first trophy for Spain since 1966 and the last time this competition will be played under the name European Cup. Barca defeated Serie A side Sampdoria 1-0 after Ronald Koeman scored off a free-kick in extra time. [PAR] Wins by city [PAR] Barcelona \u2013 4 [PAR] Italy \u2013 12 [PAR] Italy has produced some of the greatest footballers and their record in Europe justifies that statement. [PAR] AC Milan are the most successful Italian club in Europe; they won the Champions League on seven occasions. Their latest success came in 2007 when Filippo Inzaghi\u2019s brace saw them avenge their 2005 final defeat against Liverpool. [PAR] Inter Milan and Juventus are the other two teams, winning three and two titles respectively. Internazionale\u2019s latest win came under Jose Mourinho in 2010 while Juve have not seen European glory since 1996. [PAR] Wins by city [PAR] Turin \u2013 2 [PAR] England \u2013 12 [PAR] England find themselves tied with Italy with 12 trophies but their trophies have been divided between more clubs than any other country. [PAR] England\u2019s first ever European success came in 1968 when Manchester United managed to score three goals in the extra time against Benfica after the game had ended 1-1 in regulation time. United went on to win two more trophies in 1999 and 2008. [PAR] The most successful English club in Europe has been Liverpool. They have been crowned champions on five occasions, the latest coming in 2005 against Milan. Chelsea won their first trophy last year and that makes nine trophies for England. [PAR] The Three Lions\u2019 remaining three trophies were won by, what now seems unusual, Nottingham Forest and Aston Villa. Villa won their only trophy in 1982, just two years after Forest won and successfully defended theirs in 1979 and 1980. [PAR] Wins by city [PAR] Dortmund \u2013 1 [PAR] Netherlands \u2013 6 [PAR] With the quality of Bundesliga on display this season, it is hard to believe that Netherlands are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meet Unsinkable Sam: The Cat that Survived Three Ships ... Meet Unsinkable Sam: The Cat that Survived Three Ships Sinking in WWII [PAR] Meet Unsinkable Sam: The Cat that Survived Three Ships Sinking in WWII [PAR] 0 [PAR] Mihai Andrei [PAR] The black and white cat was named Oscar and then became known as Unsinkable Sam started his \u201ccareer\u201d in the fleet of the Nazi regime, the Kriegsmarine, and ended it in the Royal Navy. He was onboard Bismarck, the HMS Cossack and the HMS Ark Royal, but here comes the cool part: the other thing that all those ships have in common is that they all three sank, and Sam survived them all. [PAR] Bismarck sinking [PAR] Bismarck. Image via Wikipedia. [PAR] Bismarck was the first of two Bismarck-class battleships built for Nazi Germany\u2019s Kriegsmarine. Named after Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the battleship was launched on 14 February 1939, measured 241 meters in length and weighed 41,700 tons. Bismarck was involved in a battle with The Prince of Wales, an allied battleship, was badly damaged, and became unmanoeuvrable. [PAR] Ultimately, the ship was sank, and only 118 from its crew of over 2,200 survived. Hours later, Oskar was found floating on a board and picked from the water, the only survivor to be rescued by the homeward-bound British destroyer HMS Cossack. The crew didn\u2019t know the cat\u2019s name and they named him Oscar. It was then that Unsinkable Sam switched sides from the Nazi to the Allied forces, but his luck didn\u2019t change so much\u2026 [PAR] HMS Cossack sinking\u2026 [PAR] HMS Cossack [PAR] The cat served on board Cossack for the next few months as the ship carried out convoy escort duties in the Mediterranean and north Atlantic. Things went pretty smoothly for that period, but ultimately, the destroyer was badly damaged by a torpedo, and 139 of its crew were killed. [PAR] On 27 October 1941, a day after the tow was slipped, Cossack sank to the west of Gibraltar, and Oscar was found clinging to a piece of plank; he made it and was brought to the shore establishment in Gibraltar. When they learned what happened, British officers changed his name to Unsinkable Sam \u2013 a fitting name for a cat that survived the sinking of two warships. But his adventure wasn\u2019t over quite yet\u2026 [PAR] \u2026and HMS Ark Royal sinking\u2026 [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Unsinkable Sam was then adopted by the crew of the HMS Ark Royal \u2013 ironically, a ship that was instrumental in sinking the Bismarck. Ark Royal survived several near misses and gained a reputation as a \u2018lucky ship\u2019. The Germans incorrectly reported her as sunk on multiple occasions \u2013 the right place for Sam to be. But luck didn\u2019t last, and when returning from Malta on 14 November 1941, this ship too was torpedoed, this time by an U-boat. [PAR] This time, Sam was found clinging to a floating plank by a motor launch, and described as \u201cangry but quite unharmed\u201d. But by this time, Sam had enough. He was transferred to a job on land and spent his days hunting mice in the building of the Governor General in Gibraltar. Eventually, he was sent back to the UK where he remained at a \u2018Home for Sailors\u2019 in Belfast until the end of his earthly days. [PAR] Unsinkable Legacy [PAR] Painting of Unsinkable Sam. [PAR] Some people question the veridicity of Sam\u2019s story, classing it as a \u2018sea story\u2019. Surviving the Bismarck sinking seems especially unlikely, as salvaging the crew was done in desperate conditions, but even so, I could imagine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov [PAR] History Of Raleigh [PAR] Last updated Aug. 17, 2016 - 3:35 pm [PAR] Raleigh's history is bountiful. In 1792, Raleigh was created to be North Carolina's seat of government. To fully appreciate this uniquely blessed city, one must contemplate the history and delightfully complex composition of the state that created Raleigh. Home to the Native American Iroquoian, Siouan and Algonquian tribes, it is also the birthplace of Virginia Dare, the first child born of English parents in the new world during the first attempt by the English to settle the western hemisphere. One of the original 13 colonies, North Carolina was the first to officially call for independence with the Halifax Resolves in 1776. [PAR] A state of yeoman farmers and among the South's first industrial areas, North Carolina was no home place to the gentry, but rather a state of working men and women who valued education and established the nation's first state university. North Carolina's appreciation of education also created a notable public school system and the nation's best community college system. Though firmly in the grip of the hard times of the 1920s, North Carolina invested in a statewide network of paved thoroughfares and became known as \"the good roads state,\" recognizing that the lifeline of economic growth was a statewide transportation network. [PAR] That diverse composition of people, that love of freedom, that gritty work ethic, that esteem for education and that common sense approach to economic development combined to create the robust environment in which North Carolina's capital city today thrives. [PAR] Listed below are key dates and events in the history of this great city. [PAR] Prior to 1800 [PAR] 1587: Under direction of Sir Walter Raleigh, John White founds the \"Cittie of Raleigh.\" The only known site is in the vicinity of the settlement built in 1585 by the Ralph Lane Colony on the north end of Roanoke Island, about 190 miles from present-day Raleigh. John White returns to England. [PAR] 1590: John White returns, but the colony has disappeared. Today, it is popularly referred to as The Lost Colony. The word, \"Croatoan,\" carved on a tree, was considered a clue as to the colony's fate. [PAR] December 17, 1770: Joel Lane presents a petition to the General Assembly to create a new county. [PAR] January 5, 1771: A bill creating Wake County passes in the General Assembly. Wake County is formed in March from portions of Cumberland, Orange and Johnston counties. Many historians believe the county was named after Margaret Wake Tryon, the wife of Royal Gov. William Tryon. The county seat was Bloomsbury. [PAR] October 1784: Meeting in New Bern, the General Assembly voted to fix the seat of North Carolina government. [PAR] November 1787: The General Assembly authorizes the Constitutional Convention to establish the state's permanent capital. [PAR] August 4, 1788: The Constitutional Convention votes to locate the new capital within 10 miles of Isaac Hunter's Wake plantation. [PAR] January 5, 1792: The General Assembly appoints commissioners to select a site for the new capital. [PAR] March 20, 1792: After 10 days of viewing the proposed sites, the commissioners select a tract of land owned by Joel Lane for the new capital at a cost of $2,756. Sen. William Christmas, a surveyor, is hired to lay out the new city. The sale of lots begins. [PAR] November 1792: The North Carolina General Assembly chooses the name \"Raleigh\" for its capital city. [PAR] December 30, 1794: General Assembly meets for the first time in Raleigh new Statehouse. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"The American handed Leamas another cup of coffee ...\" We Be Reading: \"The American handed Leamas another cup of coffee ...\" [PAR] Tuesday, August 11, 2009 [PAR] \"The American handed Leamas another cup of coffee ...\" [PAR] One of the benefits of \"must-read\" lists is that someone assigns a certain level of importance to a book that you might have had the wrong impression about. For me, The Spy Who Came In From the Cold by John le Carr\u00e9 was a book that I never would have picked up. I find the Cold War dreary and imagined spy novels to be flashy and shallow. But knowing that this book was on a \"must-read\" list, I decided to take a chance and try it. I think this is a chance that many more readers should take. [PAR] Alec Leamas is the head of the British spy operation in West Germany at the start of the Cold War. However, his agents have all been targeted and he is awaiting the return from East Germany of his last man-- a government mole. The man almost makes it past the checkpoint but at the last moment is gunned down from the East German side. Leamas has to flee back to England and discuss his future with Control, the head of the intelligence organization. As Alec isn't ready to retire, they decide to put a risky plan into motion -- one that if successful will bring down the head of East German intelligence. [PAR] This is a shorter novel but, as you can guess, it is fast-paced. However, it didn't fit the stereotype of the spy novel. There was sex but it was barely mentioned. There was torture but we didn't have to read every gruesome detail. There was a good amount of drinking but surprisingly no foul language. This was a much more intelligent but also suspenseful tale. I read the book in almost a single sitting because it was so compelling. [PAR] I picked up The Spy Who Came In From the Cold for the Take a Chance Challenge . It was for the \"Random Bestseller\" task -- [PAR] Go to Random.org and, using the True Random Number Generator, enter the number 1950 for the min. and 2008 for the max. and then hit generate. Then go to this site and find the year that Random.org generated for you and click on it. Then find the bestseller list for the week that would contain your birthday for that year. Choose one of the bestsellers from the list that comes up, read it and write about it. [PAR] My year was 1964, in the month of April. This book had been on the list for 14 weeks at this point and ended up being a bestseller for over a year. This one was definitely worth the chance! [PAR] This book is also on the 1000 Books to Read Before You Die list which qualifies it for the 1% Well-Read Challenge . It replaced an existing book on my challenge list but I'm glad to give up the spot. It's one that I would have put off for a long time, possibly forever. I believe there is at least one other John le Carr\u00e9 novel on the list and I would definitely consider reading it. The quality of his writing is very high. It's also nice to diversify a bit and not just read about Regency and Victorian England! [PAR] Learning something new every day, [PAR] K"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Waiting for Godot: Summary SparkNotes: Waiting for Godot: Summary [PAR] Waiting for Godot [PAR] Context [PAR] Characters [PAR] Two men, Vladimir and Estragon, meet near a tree. They converse on various topics and reveal that they are waiting there for a man named Godot. While they wait, two other men enter. Pozzo is on his way to the market to sell his slave, Lucky. He pauses for a while to converse with Vladimir and Estragon. Lucky entertains them by dancing and thinking, and Pozzo and Lucky leave. [PAR] After Pozzo and Lucky leave, a boy enters and tells Vladimir that he is a messenger from Godot. He tells Vladimir that Godot will not be coming tonight, but that he will surely come tomorrow. Vladimir asks him some questions about Godot and the boy departs. After his departure, Vladimir and Estragon decide to leave, but they do not move as the curtain falls. [PAR] The next night, Vladimir and Estragon again meet near the tree to wait for Godot. Lucky and Pozzo enter again, but this time Pozzo is blind and Lucky is dumb. Pozzo does not remember meeting the two men the night before. They leave and Vladimir and Estragon continue to wait. [PAR] Shortly after, the boy enters and once again tells Vladimir that Godot will not be coming. He insists that he did not speak to Vladimir yesterday. After he leaves, Estragon and Vladimir decide to leave, but again they do not move as the curtain falls, ending the play. [PAR] More Help"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bird Nutrition: Feeding Pet Birds, Parrot Diets, and ... Bird Nutrition: Feeding Pet Birds, Parrot Diets, and Nutrition Recommendations [PAR] Bird Nutrition: Feeding Pet Birds, Parrot Diets, and Nutrition Recommendations [PAR] Veterinary & Aquatic Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith [PAR] Email Article [PAR] [PAR] Feeding pet birds the right foods is important for their health. A balanced diet based on sound bird nutrition recommendations is the key. Balancing a parrot's diet from the beginning may prevent many health and behavior problems. But it's never too late to get your pet bird on a firm nutritional footing. It is something you will want to do since an unbalanced diet is a main cause of disease and early death in pet birds. Malnutrition is a human-made disease. Fortunately, it is also preventable. [PAR] Dietary differences among birds [PAR] When feeding pet birds, we must realize that the species of birds we have as companion pets do not all have the same dietary needs. Just as our North American wild birds such as chickadees, woodpeckers, and hummingbirds do not eat the same foods, neither do our companion birds. In general, parrots can be classified according to their normal diets. Most psittacines (members of the parrot family) are florivores, meaning the main portion of their diet is obtained from plants. Among florivores, there are granivores (birds that eat grain and/or seeds, including nuts), and frugivores (birds with diets based on fruits). Some pet birds are omnivores, whose diet can consist of both plant and animal components. There is a special class of florivores called nectarivores, who eat mostly nectar. [PAR] Pet Bird Dietary Classification [PAR] Seeds, fruits, nuts, bark, roots, berries [PAR] Military macaw, Blue and gold macaw, Red-faced parrot [PAR] Granivore [PAR] Mostly fruit and flowers; some nuts and seeds [PAR] Blue-throated macaw, Green-winged macaw [PAR] Nectar, pollen; some insects and seeds [PAR] Lorikeet, lory [PAR] From the above table you can see that even among related birds, such as macaws, primary diets differ. A wild Hyacinth Macaw eats mostly grains (nuts, actually), while a Blue-throated Macaw eats mostly fruits. Additionally, in each bird classification there will be different nutrition recommendations. For instance, even though both are considered granivores, in the wild, Hyacinth macaws eat mostly palm nuts, while budgies eat mostly seeds. [PAR] Seed-eating birds [PAR] Even for seed-eating birds, seeds alone are not a proper diet. There are several reasons for this: [PAR] The seeds we offer our companion birds are not the same seeds they would find in their native habitats. We tend to offer seeds that are lower in protein and other nutrients, such as vitamins. [PAR] The amount of energy used by wild birds in foraging for food is far greater than that used by our companion birds. Since our pet birds use less energy, they need to eat fewer calories or they will become overweight. Eating less, however, could result in vitamin, mineral, and other nutrient deficiencies. [PAR] When offered seeds, our companion birds tend to pick out their favorites, and leave the rest. Limiting the diet to only several types of seeds can lead to certain nutrient deficiencies. [PAR] Even when multiple types of seed are offered, the seed-only diet will not supply the necessary array of vitamins and minerals that is needed for optimal health. Birds love seeds, like children (and adults) love candy. They will eat a favorite seed over what is healthy for them. The best diet for most seed-eating birds consists of formulated diets (such as pelleted foods), vegetables, small amounts of fruit, and an occasional treat. [PAR] Formulated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Torture, trial and execution - UK Parliament Torture, trial and execution - UK Parliament [PAR] Torture, trial and execution [PAR] Commemoration of the Gunpowder Plot [PAR] Torture, trial and execution [PAR] The conspirators were interrogated for three months in the Tower of London. Evidence suggests that Fawkes, who had given his name as John Johnson, was tortured. [PAR] The King sent an order to the Tower of London on 6 November 1605 authorising the use of torture on Fawkes, who had initially refused to divulge the names of his co-conspirators. The order is held by The National Archives. [PAR] \u2018If he will not other wayes confesse, the gentler tortours are to be the first usid unto him\u2026God speed youre goode worke. James.\u2019 [PAR] Although it is not known whether any of the other main conspirators were tortured, it was authorised against some of the more minor figures involved. [PAR] Fawkes' signature appears on a confession of 8 November. This confession did not name all his accomplices. The effect of torture upon Fawkes is evident from a more detailed confession on 9 November where his signature is barely legible. [PAR] Francis Tresham died of natural causes in the Tower of London on 23 December 1605. The eight surviving conspirators were tried in Westminster Hall on 27 January 1606. All were condemned to death for treason. [PAR] Four men - Sir Everard Digby, Robert Winter, John Grant and Thomas Bates - were executed on 30 January 1606 in St Paul's Churchyard. [PAR] The other four - Guy Fawkes, Thomas Winter, Ambrose Rookwood and Robert Keyes - were executed just outside Westminster Hall, in Old Palace Yard, the following day. [PAR] The heads of the two ringleaders, Percy and Catesby, who had been killed earlier at Holbeach House in Staffordshire, were set up on the 'Parliament House'.[DOC] [TLE] Gunpowder Plot - Guy Fawkes Day | World History Project Gunpowder Plot - Guy Fawkes Day | World History Project [PAR] Nov 5 1605 [PAR] Gunpowder Plot - Guy Fawkes Day [PAR] The Gunpowder Conspiracy of 1605, as it was then known, (also known as The Powder Treason or The Gunpowder Plot) was a failed assassination attempt by a group of provincial English Catholics against King James I of England and VI of Scotland. [PAR] The plot intended to kill the King and most of the Protestant aristocracy by blowing up the Houses of Parliament during the State Opening on 5 November 1605. [PAR] The conspirators also planned to abduct the royal children, and lead a popular revolt in the Midlands. [PAR] ORIGINS [PAR] The plot was overseen from May 1604 by Robert Catesby, with the conspirators coming from either wealthy Catholic or highly influential gentry families. Catesby may have decided on the plot when hopes of greater tolerance of Roman Catholicism under King James I faded, leaving many Catholics disappointed. However, it is likely that Catesby simply sought a future for Catholicism in England enabled by his drastic scheme: the plot was intended as the first step in a rebellion, during which James' nine-year-old daughter (Princess Elizabeth) could be installed as a Catholic head of state. [PAR] Other plotters included Thomas Winter (also spelled Wintour), Robert Winter, John Wright, Christopher Wright, Robert Keyes, Thomas Percy (also spelled Percye), John Grant, Ambrose Rokewood, Sir Everard Digby, Francis Tresham and Thomas Bates (Catesby's servant). The explosives were prepared by Guy \"Guido\" Fawkes, a man with 10 years' military experience gained by fighting with the Spanish against the Dutch in the Spanish Netherlands. [PAR] The details of the plot were reputedly well-known to the principal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Time Machine impression papers - Gettysburg College Time Machine impression papers [PAR] Heather Baldwin [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I found H. G. Wells\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Time Machine to be an incredibly progressive and imaginative work. The narrative framework is reminiscent of the ghost stories we read and The Turn of the Screw in its method of placing people in a social in which they hear the story told as a form of entertainment. I suppose this is meant to make the story seem less fantastic and more realistic to the reader who could easily be one of the guests at the time traveler\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds dinner event. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Time Machine appears to be a social criticism of communism and Victorian Britain\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds focus on society and progress. In the Eloi, the reader finds a people who are reflective of how communism and/or lack of stimulation have an adverse affect on humanity. Without physical activity or competition, the Eloi have evolved to be what the time traveler deems to be ignorant and lazy. Typical of his contemporary Victorians, the time traveler romanticizes the frail beauty of the Eloi by likening them to tuberculosis victims. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The animalistic Morlocks that dwell underground at first seem primitive to the time traveler. Theorizing their function in the year 802, 701, he associates the Morlocks with the lower class of servants and workers in his contemporary Victorian Britain as he sympathizes with the more \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdhuman\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Eloi who dwell above ground, and are therefore reminiscent of the Victorian upper class. The time traveler eventually recognizes the Morlocks to be perhaps more progressive than the Eloi, thus prescribing a harsh criticism and a dim outlook for the future of humanity. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I thought it was interesting to see how Wells was likely influenced by the scientific theories of evolution and entropy, as reflected in The Time Machine. Darwin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man awakened the world to the theoretical possibility that man evolved from ape-like species. Wells takes this theory further, describing the potential evolutionary path for man into two species represented by the Eloi and Morlocks. One species reflects man\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds intelligence and the other possesses the physical prowess of man. Wells takes this idea further by having his hero suggest that man\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds evolutionary future is dependent on the division between the upper and lower classes. His bias is against the lower class is reflected in his portrayal of Morlocks as something less than human. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The theory of entropy suggests that as time increases, there is an inevitable and steady deterioration of a system or society. In 802, 701, man has degenerated into a weak and seemingly useless being. The social hierarchy and capitalism have collapsed into a seemingly communistic society. As the time traveler progresses into the future, the earth becomes more barren and the species appear more simple and primitive than the ones before. Much to the likely horror of the Victorian reader, Wells suggests the possibility that the universe is arriving at a state of inert equilibrium in which man and life as the Victorians knew it is extinct. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Lindsay Brackett [PAR] H.G. Wells\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Time Machine seems to participate in the ghost story tradition; the narrator retells a story he has heard first-hand, along with other guests around an after-dinner fire. There are also references to ghosts and phantoms. The model time machine \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwas seen as a ghost for a second perhaps;\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (Chapter 1) the Morlocks are phantoms when the Time Traveler first sees them; and at the end the narrator sees \u00ef\u00bf\u00bda"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Quick 10: The Original Names of 10 Sports | Mental Floss The Original Names of 10 Sports | Mental Floss [PAR] The Original Names of 10 Sports [PAR] The new game of badminton, circa 1874. Getty [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] If history hadn't changed, we would be watching Gabrielle Reece dominate mintonette, Tony Hawk would be a leader in the world of sidewalk surfing, and Forrest Gump would have been an amazing wiff waff player. Check out the names of 10 sports before they became what we know them as today. [PAR] 1. KITTEN BALL [PAR] The sport we know as softball today was named kitten ball when it came onto the scene in 1895. Between that time and 1926, it was also referred to as \"diamond ball,\" \"mush ball\" and \"pumpkin ball.\" The phrase \"softball\" was coined in 1926 by Walter Hakanson of the Denver YMCA. [PAR] 2. BATTLEDORE AND SHUTTLECOCK [PAR] Circa 1871. Getty [PAR] It\u2019s not exactly fair to say that this is what badminton was once called\u2014it might be more appropriate to say this game evolved into badminton. Battledore and shuttlecock was an old game quite similar to badminton, minus the net. The players simply tried to keep the shuttlecock in the air as long as possible by batting it around with racquets (known as battledores). [PAR] 3. MINTONETTE [PAR] Speaking of badminton, that game is the reason today's volleyball was originally called mintonette. Because much of the game play was similar to badminton (players keep an object bouncing back and forth across a net), its creator, William G. Morgan, the director of a Massachusetts YMCA, simply named it something similar to the existing sport. The name changed when a player suggested the ball volleyed over the net like cannon fire, and eventually the new term stuck. [PAR] 4. SPHAIRISTIKE [PAR] quisnovis via Flickr // CC BY-NC 2.0 [PAR] Tennis has been around in some form or another for centuries, but in December 1873, Major Walter Clopton Wingfield invented \"Sphairistike,\" or lawn tennis, to amuse his garden party guests. It\u2019s more similar to the modern game of tennis than any of the older versions. Those older versions are sometimes called \"real tennis\" to differentiate them from the game the Williams sisters play\u2014William Shakespeare mentioned real tennis in Henry V. [PAR] 5. PADDLE RACKETS [PAR] When Joe Sobek invented racquetball in 1950, he didn\u2019t call it that. He named his creation \"paddle rackets,\" and even founded the National Paddle Rackets Association in 1952. As it gained popularity, professional tennis player Bob McInerney began calling it racquetball and the name slowly took over. [PAR] 6. PAILLE MAILLE [PAR] The earliest published occurrence of the word \"croquet\" is 1856. Prior to that, the Queen of Hearts' favorite game was called \"paille maille\" (or any number of variations such as pall mall and pelemele). Some early descriptions of paille maille suggest that at one point, it was played over a large area of land (such as in golf) before it evolved to the short lawn version we know today. [PAR] 7. SIDEWALK SURFING [PAR] You can probably figure out that skateboarding is just surfing on land. The sport is thought to have originated when California surfers were looking for a replacement for surfing when the waves were unfit to ride. [PAR] 8. WHIFF-WAFF OR GOSSIMA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve McQueen - Prefab Sprout - Last.fm Steve McQueen - Prefab Sprout \u2014 Listen and discover music at Last.fm [PAR] Steve McQueen [PAR] mid [PAR] Steve McQueen is the second studio album released by Prefab Sprout. Originally released in June 1985, it was retitled in the U.S. as Two Wheels Good due to a legal conflict with the estate of the late American actor. The album reached #21 on the UK album chart and #178 on the Billboard 200. [PAR] On April 2, 2007 the album was reissued as a legacy edition double-cd, featuring remastered versions of the original tracks and a bonus disc featuring\u2026 read more [PAR] Tracklist[DOC] [TLE] Prefab Sprout on Apple Music Prefab Sprout on Apple Music [PAR] To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. [PAR] Biography [PAR] One of the most beloved British pop bands of the '80s and '90s, Prefab Sprout have had a minimum of chart success in the United States, where they're all but unknown outside of their devoted cult following, but singer/songwriter Paddy McAloon is regularly hailed as one of the great songwriters of his era. Critics regularly compare McAloon favorably to Elvis Costello, Paul McCartney, and even Cole Porter, but the self-effacing and publicity-shy performer modestly prefers to let his increasingly rare albums speak for themselves. Prefab Sprout were formed in Newcastle, England, in 1977 by McAloon (who sings and plays guitar and piano) and his bass-playing younger brother, Martin. In the group's early days, McAloon spun several fanciful tales about the origin of their odd name (one favorite was that the young McAloon had misheard the line \"hotter than a pepper sprout\" in Nancy Sinatra & Lee Hazlewood's \"Jackson\"), but the prosaic truth is that an adolescent McAloon had devised the meaningless name in homage to the longwinded and equally silly band names of his late-'60s/early-'70s youth. With an early fan, Wendy Smith, drafted into the lineup to sing helium-register backing vocals, the trio released its first single, \"Lions in My Own Garden (Exit Someone),\" on its own Candle label in July 1982. Written for a girlfriend who had left Newcastle to study in Limoges, France (check the acronym of the title), the song was exceedingly clever but obviously heartfelt. The single's warm reception, including many plays on John Peel's radio show, led to the Sprout's signing to CBS subsidiary Kitchenware Records, which reissued the single in April 1983. Another single, \"The Devil Has All the Best Tunes,\" followed later that year. Prefab Sprout's first album, Swoon, was released in March 1984. Containing neither of the first two singles (but leading off with the delightful \"Don't Sing,\" their third), Swoon is in retrospect a surprisingly brittle record, full of difficult songs that take unexpected left turns and have all but impenetrable lyrics. That said, there are more ideas per bar in Swoon than in any chart record released in 1984, and the songs' charms reveal themselves after a few listens. Shortly after Swoon's release, drummer Neil Conti joined the group, and in a rather brilliant move, Thomas Dolby was tapped to produce the second Prefab Sprout album, 1985's Steve McQueen (retitled Two Wheels Good in the U.S. due to litigation from the late actor's estate). Dolby smoothes out the kinks a bit, and his keyboards help enrich the album's sound; it also helps that the songs are much better, lyrically opaque but not impenetrable and melodically satisfying. Prefab Sprout returned to the studio without Dolby in the summer of 1985 and quickly recorded an album's worth of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King William III and Queen Mary II - British Royal Family ... King William III and Queen Mary II | Britroyals [PAR] Name: King William III and Queen Mary II [PAR] Full Name: William Henry Stuart [PAR] Born: November 14, 1650 at William: The Hague, Netherlands; Mary: St James Palace, London [PAR] Parents: William: William II of Orange and Mary Stuart; Mary: James II and Anne Hyde [PAR] Relation to Elizabeth II: 2nd cousin 8 times removed [PAR] House of: Orange [PAR] Ascended to the throne: February 13, 1689 aged 38 years [PAR] Crowned: April 11, 1689 at Westminster Abbey, when William was 38 and Mary was 26 [PAR] Married: William married Mary, daughter of James II [PAR] Children: Three stillborn [PAR] Died: March 8, 1702 at Kensington Palace (William), aged 51 years, 3 months, and 21 days [PAR] Buried at: Westminster [PAR] Reigned for: 13 years, and 21 days [PAR] Succeeded by: Mary's sister Anne [PAR] William was born in The Hague in the Netherlands. He was an only child and never knew his father William II who died of smallpox before his birth. His mother was Mary eldest daughter of Charles I of England. William was appointed Stadtholder (chief magistrate) and captain-general of the Dutch forces in 1672 to resist the French invasion of the Netherlands. He forced Louis XIV to make peace in 1678 and then concentrated on building up a European alliance against France. In 1677 he married his cousin Mary, eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, the future James II. The marriage was intended to repair relations between England and The Netherlands following the Anglo-Dutch wars. William was a successful soldier, but had several male favourites, was dour, asthmatic, 12 years older and several inches shorter than his English wife Mary who was a reluctant bride. [PAR] In 1688 they were invited by the parliamentary opposition to Mary\ufffds father James II to take the crown on England and were assured of English support. William landed at Torbay on 5 November 1688, in 463 ships unopposed by the Royal Navy, and with an army of 14,000 troops which gathering local support grew to over 20,000 and advanced on London in what became known as \ufffdThe Glorious Revolution\ufffd. James fled to France, and in February 1689 William and his wife were crowned King William III and Queen Mary II. Parliament passed the Bill of Rights which prevented Catholics for succeeding to the throne ensuring that Mary\ufffds sister Anne would become the next queen, and after the autocratic rules of Kings Charles II and his brother James II limited the powers of monarchs so that they could neither pass laws nor levy taxes without parliamentary consent. [PAR] William and Mary were faced in 1689 with two Jacobite attempts to regain the throne. In Scotland government troops were defeated at Killiekrankie by Scottish Jacobites but won shortly afterwards at Dunkeld, and James II landed in Ireland with French troops and laid siege to Londonderrry. William\ufffds navy relieved the siege and he led is army to victory at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690. James fled back to France. William returned several times to the Netherlands but found the English parliament reluctant to support his continuing war with France. The Bank of England was founded in 1694 to control public expenditure. Williamsburg and the college of William and Mary in Virginia, were named after the King and Queen in 1693. [PAR] Mary died of smallpox in 1694 and had no surviving children. William now ruled alone. The Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 marked the end"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which Planet Has The Longest Day - Universe Today Which Planet Has The Longest Day? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] Which Planet Has The Longest Day? [PAR] Article Updated: 19 Aug , 2016 [PAR] by Jerry Coffey [PAR] Just to be clear, this answer to \u2018which planet has the longest day\u2019 is based on this criteria: a planets day is how long it takes it to complete one rotation on its axis. This is also referred to as its rotational period. So, Venus has the longest day of any planet in our solar system. It completes one rotation every 243 Earth days. Its day lasts longer than its orbit. It orbits the Sun every 224.65 Earth days, so a day is nearly 20 Earth days longer than its year. [PAR] Length Of A Day On The Planets In Our Solar System [PAR] Mercury: 58 days and 15 hours [PAR] Venus: 243 days [PAR] Mars: 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds [PAR] Jupiter: 9.9 hours [PAR] Saturn: 10 hours 45 minutes 45 seconds, but can only be approximated because of atmospheric density. [PAR] Uranus: 17 hours, 14 minutes and 24 seconds [PAR] Neptune: 16 hours, 6 minutes and 36 seconds, but it is a bit more complicated than that. The equator and poles rotate at different speeds. You would have to do more research on the planet to fully understand the varying day on Neptune. [PAR] Now, back to why the Venusian day is longer than its year. Venus is closer to the Sun; therefore, its orbit takes a shorter period of time than its rotation upon its axis. The planet also rotates in retrograde. That means it spins in the opposite direction of the Earth. If you were standing on Venus, you could see the Sun rise in the West and set in the East. [PAR] A manned Venus flyby mission was proposed in the late 1960s. The mission was planned to launch in late October or early November 1973, and would have used a Saturn V rocket to send three men. The flight would have lasted approximately one year. The spacecraft would have passed approximately 5,000 km from the surface about four months into the flight. There have been several unmanned probes and flybys of the planet, including MESSENGER and the Venus Express. Future proposed missions include the BepiColombo, Venus InSitu Explorer, and the Venera-D. [PAR] If you\u2019d like more information on Venus, check out Hubblesite\u2019s News Releases about Venus , and here\u2019s a link to NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide on Venus . [PAR] We\u2019ve also recorded an entire episode of Astronomy Cast all about Venus. Listen here, Episode 50: Venus ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Closest Star to the Sun - Universe Today Closest Star to the Sun - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] Closest Star to the Sun [PAR] Article Updated: 18 Oct , 2016 [PAR] by Fraser Cain [PAR] This is a classic trick question. Ask a friend, \u201cwhat is the closest star?\u201d and then watch as they try to recall some nearby stars. Sirius maybe? Alpha something or other? Betelgeuse? [PAR] The answer, obviously, is the Sun; that massive ball of plasma located a mere 150 million km from Earth. [PAR] Let\u2019s be more precise; what\u2019s the closest star to the Sun? [PAR] Closest Star [PAR] You might have heard that it\u2019s Alpha Centauri, the third brightest star in the sky, just 4.37 light-years from Earth. [PAR] But Alpha Centauri isn\u2019t one star, it\u2019s a system of three stars. First, there\u2019s a binary pair, orbiting a common center of gravity every 80 years. Alpha Centauri A is just a little more massive and brighter than the Sun, and Alpha Centauri B is slightly less massive than the Sun. Then there\u2019s a third member of this system, the faint red dwarf star, Proxima Centauri. [PAR] It\u2019s the closest star to our Sun, located just a short 4.24 light-years away. [PAR] Proxima Centauri [PAR] Alpha Centauri is located in the Centaurus constellation, which is only visible in the Southern Hemisphere. Unfortunately, even if you can see the system, you can\u2019t see Proxima Centauri. It\u2019s so dim, you need a need a reasonably powerful telescope to resolve it. [PAR] Let\u2019s get sense of scale for just how far away Proxima Centauri really is. Think about the distance from the Earth to Pluto. NASA\u2019s New Horizons spacecraft travels at nearly 60,000 km/h, the fastest a spacecraft has ever traveled in the Solar System. It will have taken more than nine years to make this journey when it arrives in 2015. Travelling at this speed, to get to Proxima Centauri, it would take New Horizons 78,000 years. [PAR] Proxima Centauri has been the nearest star for about 32,000 years, and it will hold this record for another 33,000 years. It will make its closest approach to the Sun in about 26,700 years, getting to within 3.11 light-years of Earth. After 33,000 years from now, the nearest star will be Ross 248. [PAR] What About the Northern Hemisphere? [PAR] Bernard\u2019s Star [PAR] For those of us in the Northern Hemisphere, the closest visible star is Barnard\u2019s Star, another red dwarf in the constellation Ophiuchus. Unfortunately, just like Proxima Centauri, it\u2019s too dim to see with the unaided eye. [PAR] The closest star that you can see with the naked eye in the Northern Hemisphere is Sirius, the Dog Star. Sirius, has twice the mass and is almost twice the size of the Sun, and it\u2019s the brightest star in the sky. Located 8.6 light-years away in the constellation Canis Major \u2013 it\u2019s very familiar as the bright star chasing Orion across the night sky in Winter. [PAR] How do Astronomers Measure the Distance to Stars? [PAR] They use a technique called parallax. Do a little experiment here. Hold one of your arms out at length and put your thumb up so that it\u2019s beside some distant reference object. Now take turns opening and closing each eye. Notice how your thumb seems to jump back and forth as you switch eyes? That\u2019s the parallax method. [PAR] To measure the distance to stars, you measure the angle to a star when the Earth is one side of its orbit; say in the summer. Then you wait 6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1960: Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 20 | 1960: Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1960: Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM [PAR] Mrs Sirimavo Bandaranaike, widow of Ceylon's assassinated prime minister Solomon Bandaranaike, has become the world's first woman prime minister. [PAR] Her Sri Lanka Freedom Party won a resounding victory in the general election taking 75 out of 150 seats. [PAR] Mrs Bandaranaike only entered politics after her husband was shot by an extremist Buddhist on 26 September 1959. [PAR] She has become known as the \"weeping widow\" for frequently bursting into tears during the election campaign and vowing to continue her late husband's socialist policies. [PAR] This week's election was called after Dudley Senanayake's United National Party failed to produce a working majority after winning elections in March. [PAR] Aristocratic by birth [PAR] Mrs Bandaranaike was born into the Ceylon aristocracy and her husband was a landowner. She was educated by Roman Catholic nuns at St Bridget's school in the capital, Colombo, and is a practising Buddhist. [PAR] She married in 1940 aged 24 and has three children - and until her husband's death seemed content in her role as mother and retiring wife. [PAR] Her SLFP aims to represent the \"little man\" although its policies during the campaign were not clear. [PAR] Mr Bandaranaike attributed her success to the \"people's love and respect\" for her late husband and urged her supporters to practise \"simple living, decorum and dignity\". [PAR] Her husband came to power in 1955, eight years after independence, and declared himself a Buddhist which appealed to nationalists. But his government was wracked by infighting among Sinhalese and Tamils and lacked direction. [PAR] Mrs Bandaranaike inherits a country in a state of flux and her party's proposed programme of nationalisation may bring her into conflict with foreign interests in commodities like tea, rubber and oil."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pythagoras (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Pythagoras (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [PAR] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [PAR] Pythagoras [PAR] First published Wed Feb 23, 2005; substantive revision Wed May 28, 2014 [PAR] Pythagoras, one of the most famous and controversial ancient Greek philosophers, lived from ca. 570 to ca. 490 BCE. He spent his early years on the island of Samos, off the coast of modern Turkey. At the age of forty, however, he emigrated to the city of Croton in southern Italy and most of his philosophical activity occurred there. Pythagoras wrote nothing, nor were there any detailed accounts of his thought written by contemporaries. By the first centuries BCE, moreover, it became fashionable to present Pythagoras in a largely unhistorical fashion as a semi-divine figure, who originated all that was true in the Greek philosophical tradition, including many of Plato's and Aristotle's mature ideas. A number of treatises were forged in the name of Pythagoras and other Pythagoreans in order to support this view. [PAR] The Pythagorean question, then, is how to get behind this false glorification of Pythagoras in order to determine what the historical Pythagoras actually thought and did. In order to obtain an accurate appreciation of Pythagoras' achievement, it is important to rely on the earliest evidence before the distortions of the later tradition arose. The popular modern image of Pythagoras is that of a master mathematician and scientist. The early evidence shows, however, that, while Pythagoras was famous in his own day and even 150 years later in the time of Plato and Aristotle, it was not mathematics or science upon which his fame rested. Pythagoras was famous (1) as an expert on the fate of the soul after death, who thought that the soul was immortal and went through a series of reincarnations; (2) as an expert on religious ritual; (3) as a wonder-worker who had a thigh of gold and who could be two places at the same time; (4) as the founder of a strict way of life that emphasized dietary restrictions, religious ritual and rigorous self discipline. [PAR] It remains controversial whether he also engaged in the rational cosmology that is typical of the Presocratic philosopher/scientists and whether he was in any sense a mathematician. The early evidence suggests, however, that Pythagoras presented a cosmos that was structured according to moral principles and significant numerical relationships and may have been akin to conceptions of the cosmos found in Platonic myths, such as those at the end of the Phaedo and Republic. In such a cosmos, the planets were seen as instruments of divine vengeance (\u201cthe hounds of Persephone\u201d), the sun and moon are the isles of the blessed where we may go, if we live a good life, while thunder functioned to frighten the souls being punished in Tartarus. The heavenly bodies also appear to have moved in accordance with the mathematical ratios that govern the concordant musical intervals in order to produce a music of the heavens, which in the later tradition developed into \u201cthe harmony of the spheres.\u201d It is doubtful that Pythagoras himself thought in terms of spheres, and the mathematics of the movements of the heavens was not worked out in detail. There is evidence that he valued relationships between numbers such as those embodied in the so-called Pythagorean theorem, though it is not likely that he proved the theorem. In recent scholarship this consensus view has received strong challenges, which will be discussed below. [PAR] Pythagoras' cosmos was developed in a more scientific and mathematical direction by his successors in the Pythagorean tradition, Philolaus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] W.G. Grace | England Cricket | Cricket Players and ... W.G. Grace | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] 1865 - 1908 [PAR] Profile [PAR] It is more than 150 years since WG Grace was born, but there are other ways of measuring how distant he is in time. For one thing, no one still alive, not even Jim Swanton, can remember seeing him play (although in Sort Of A Cricket Person, EWS notes that \"I am supposed to have watched [him] from my perambulator on the Forest Hill ground round 1910\"). Eight decades have passed since Grace died, yet he dogs us still, demanding our attention at regular intervals. [PAR] The statistics of his career are alone enough to explain why - more than 54,000 first-class runs (there are at least two different versions of the precise figure, so let's leave it at that) spread across 44 seasons, including 839 in just eight days of 1876, when he hit a couple of triple-centuries, and only one other batsman managed to top a thousand runs in the entire season; a thousand in May in 1895, when he was nearly 47; and 2800-odd wickets costing less than 18 runs apiece. I suppose we might wonder why his bowling average wasn't even more impressive, given the ropey pitches on which Dr Grace played. No modern cricketer would deign to turn out on them, which makes his batting all the more wondrous, and comparisons with Bradman or anyone since quite pointless. [PAR] But there was not that much to Grace apart from these skills and his devotion to his family. A hand of whist appears to have marked the limit of his capacity for cerebration, and if one wished to be rude to suburbia one might identify Grace as suburban man incarnate, fluctuating mentally as well as physically between the fringes of Bristol and the London Counties, ultimately coming to rest in Eltham. His one inherited asset was that he came from a clan which was dotty about a great game and dutiful (but in some cases no more) about the general practice of medicine, with no doubt in its collective mind which came first at all times and in all places. His brother EM Grace, who was a coroner, once had a corpse put on ice until he could attend to it at close of play, and WG himself must have had one of the most prolonged medical trainings in history because he so frequently interrupted it in order to exercise his major talent at the crease. He began to study as a bachelor of 19, and was a father of three in his thirties before taking his final qualification at Westminster Hospital. His most conspicuous act as a doctor is thought to have occurred when an unfortunate fieldsman impaled himself on the boundary fence at Old Trafford. [PAR] It was simply because the cricketing Grace totally dominated his own era that an exasperated CLR James could not understand why standard history books of the period never mentioned him. This man, for heaven's sake, opened for England at the age of 50 - and at the age of 18 he had scored 224 not out for England against Surrey, in a match which he left halfway through in order to win a quarter-mile hurdles championship at the Crystal Palace! No wonder he was the best-known Englishman apart from Mr Gladstone, so much so that Evelyn Waugh's friend, Monsignor Ronnie Knox, waggishly suggested that Gladstone and Grace were really one and the same celebrity. [PAR] Athletic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does Samurai mean? - Definitions.net What does Samurai mean? [PAR] GCIDE(5.00 / 2 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Samurai(n. pl. & sing.) [PAR] In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871. They were referred to as [PAR] Origin: [Jap.] [PAR] Wiktionary(5.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: [PAR] samurai(Noun) [PAR] In feudal Japan, a samurai was a soldier of noble birth who followed the code of bushido and served a daimyo. [PAR] Origin: From \u4f8d (\u3055\u3080\u3089\u3044, samurai). [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Samurai [PAR] Samurai, usually referred to in Japanese as bushi or buke, were the military nobility of medieval and early-modern Japan. According to translator William Scott Wilson: \"In Chinese, the character \u4f8d was originally a verb meaning to wait upon or accompany persons in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau. In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean \"those who serve in close attendance to the nobility,\" the pronunciation in Japanese changing to saburai. According to Wilson, an early reference to the word \"samurai\" appears in the Kokin Wakash\u016b, the first imperial anthology of poems, completed in the first part of the 10th century. By the end of the 12th century, samurai became almost entirely synonymous with bushi, and the word was closely associated with the middle and upper echelons of the warrior class. The samurai followed a set of rules that came to be known as bushid\u014d. While the samurai numbered less than 10% of Japan's population, their teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts. [PAR] Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Samurai [PAR] sam\u2032\u014d\u014d-r\u012b, n. sing. (also pl.) a member of the military class in the old feudal system of Japan, including both daimios, or territorial nobles, and their military retainers: a military retainer, a two-sworded man. [Jap.] [PAR] The New Hacker's Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] samurai [PAR] A hacker who hires out for legal cracking jobs, snooping for factions in corporate political fights, lawyers pursuing privacy-rights and First Amendment cases, and other parties with legitimate reasons to need an electronic locksmith. In 1991, mainstream media reported the existence of a loose-knit culture of samurai that meets electronically on BBS systems, mostly bright teenagers with personal micros; they have modeled themselves explicitly on the historical samurai of Japan and on the \u201cnet cowboys\u201d of William Gibson's cyberpunk novels. Those interviewed claim to adhere to a rigid ethic of loyalty to their employers and to disdain the vandalism and theft practiced by criminal crackers as beneath them and contrary to the hacker ethic; some quote Miyamoto Musashi's Book of Five Rings, a classic of historical samurai doctrine, in support of these principles. See also sneaker, Stupids, social engineering, cracker, hacker ethic, and dark-side hacker. [PAR] The numerical value of Samurai in Chaldean Numerology is: 9 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frederick Austerlitz - definition of Frederick Austerlitz ... Frederick Austerlitz - definition of Frederick Austerlitz by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Frederick Austerlitz - definition of Frederick Austerlitz by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Frederick+Austerlitz [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Fred Astaire - United States dancer and cinema actor noted for his original and graceful tap dancing (1899-1987) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Virginia McMath [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] 30pm The names Frederick Austerlitz and Virginia Katherine McMath probably won't mean much to anyone, but once the former adopted the name Fred Astaire, above, the skilled dancer from Nebraska started out on the road to fame and fortune (even though one Hollywood boss reportedly said: \"Can't sing. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Fred Astaire | Biography Fred Astaire | Biography [PAR] Fred Astaire's Life [PAR] Biography [PAR] Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 \u2013 June 22, 1987) was a singer, a dancer, and an actor. Some would argue that he was the best in his time. He made many movies, made many songs classics, and performed in a number of Broadway musicals. He performed with people like Ginger Rogers, Adele Astaire (his sister), Rita Hayworth, Gene Kelly, Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Melvyn Douglas, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., and many more in acting, dancing, singing and so forth. He knew a lot of famous people, and while some doubted him, he came to be known as one of the greatest dancers of all time. Astaire died from pneumonia on June 22, 1987, at the age of eighty-eight. He was interred in the Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, California. One last request of his was to thank his fans for their years of support. [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Astaire was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Johanna \"Ann\" and Frederic \"Fritz\" Austerlitz . He was the younger brother of Adele Astaire. Astaire's mother dreamed of escaping Omaha by virtue of her children's talents after Adele early on revealed herself to be an instinctive dancer and singer. She envisioned a \"brother-and-sister act,\" which was fairly common to vaudeville at the time. Although Astaire refused dance lessons at first, he easily mimicked his sister's step, and took up piano, accordion, and clarinet. When their father became suddenly unemployed, the family moved to New York City to launch the show business career of the children. Adele and Astaire had a teasing rivalry but fortunately they quickly acknowledged their individual strengths \u2014 his being durability and hers greater overall talent. . Finally, their first act took shape and was called Juvenile Artists Presenting an Electric Musical Toe-Dancing Novelty. In it, Fred wore a top hat and tails in the first half and a lobster outfit in the second. The goofy act debuted in Keyport, New Jersey in a \"tryout theater\", where the local paper wrote: \"the Astaires are the greatest child act in vaudeville.\" [PAR] Family [PAR] Astaire married for the first time in 1933, to the 25-year-old Phyllis Potter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Under Milk Wood is the greatest radio play ever ... Why Under Milk Wood is the greatest radio play ever - Telegraph [PAR] Theatre [PAR] Why Under Milk Wood is the greatest radio play ever [PAR] Under Milk Wood took Dylan Thomas nearly 20 tortured years to bring to life. On his centenary, three theatrical productions pay homage to the greatest ever radio drama [PAR] Dylan Thomas in 1948 Photo: National Portrait Gallery [PAR] By Jasper Rees [PAR] 7:00AM GMT 27 Mar 2014 [PAR] \u201cI\u2019ve finished that infernally eternally unfinished \u2018PLAY\u2019 & have done it in New York with actors.\u201d Thus wrote Dylan Thomas to his wife Caitlin of the birth of Under Milk Wood. There seems little room for argument: his \u201cplay for voices\u201d is the greatest drama ever written for radio. [PAR] \u201cIt is all about religion, sex and death,\u201d said Richard Burton, the actor whose voice in the famous BBC recording begins at the beginning of Thomas\u2019s rich portrait of a poor community. \u201cAnd,\u201d he added, \u201cit is a comic masterpiece.\u201d [PAR] The characters who populate the fictional village of Llareggub have become household names: the blind old seadog Captain Cat forever mourning his dead love Rosie Probert, the Rev Eli Jenkins greeting each morning in verse, Polly Garter with her list of lost paramours, Mr Pugh who dreams of poisoning Mrs Pugh, Mrs Ogmore-Pritchard and her two dead husbands, Dai Bread and his two live wives. [PAR] So it seems odd that there were no drum rolls when Thomas wrote from America to Caitlin after the cast took their inaugural bow in May 1953. Instead, Thomas devoted much of his letter to sweet nothings: his ever-tempestuous wife was feeding small mouths back in the real Laugharne rather than the romanticised one known as Llareggub, while the playwright-poet had embarked on another love affair in New York. [PAR] In the same letter he implored Caitlin to set aside a month to travel with him to Los Angeles, where he was to work on a libretto for Stravinsky. Then, just before the play is mentioned in passing, there is a sentence of chilling brevity: \u201cIs my sister dead?\u201d Thomas\u2019s older sister Nancy had indeed died of cancer in Bombay the previous month. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Dylan Thomas and Igor Stravinsky: an unlikely partnership [PAR] 10 Feb 2014 [PAR] So there was much on Thomas\u2019s mind aside from a play which had resisted completion for years. The truth is that Caitlin, never eager to massage her husband\u2019s ego, must have grown impatient with Under Milk Wood\u2019s snail-like progress and the much postponed pay cheque. [PAR] Under Milk Wood brewed in the cauldron of Thomas\u2019s imagination for more than 20 years. Before he was 20 some of the characters had sprung into being and populated a play \u2013 never published \u2013 about a Welsh seaside community. [PAR] By the mid-1930s the word Llareggub, the name Thomas invented by reversing the letters of \u201cbugger all\u201d, was cropping up in short stories. He applied it variously to a village (in \u201cThe Holy Six\u201d and \u201cThe Orchards\u201d) and to a \u201csowfaced woman\u201d in \u201cThe Burning Baby\u201d, in which a preacher has sexual relations with his daughter and incinerates the fruit of her womb. So it was already associated in Thomas\u2019s mind with the chapel, transgression and sexuality. [PAR] As early as 1939 Thomas was heard suggesting that \u201cwhat Laugharne really needs is a play about well-known Laugharne characters \u2013 and get them all to play themselves\u201d. And yet the radio piece \u201cQuite Early One Morning\u201d, clearly a precursor, was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marilyn Monroe - IMDb Marilyn Monroe - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Soundtrack | Actress | Writer [PAR] Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1, 1926. Her mother Gladys Pearl Baker was a film-cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. Marilyn's father's identity was never known. Because Gladys was mentally and financially unable to care for young Marilyn, Gladys placed her in the care of a foster ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 39 people [PAR] created 27 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 34 people [PAR] created 26 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 people [PAR] created 26 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 34 images [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Marilyn Monroe's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 7 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2015 Autopsy: The Last Hours Of (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Marilyn Monroe (2015) ... (performer: \"Happy Birthday to You\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2015 Och\u00e9ntame... otra vez (TV Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - La juventud canta y baila (2015) ... (performer: \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\") [PAR] 2014 My Granny the Escort (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"I'm Thru with Love\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2012 Love, Marilyn (Documentary) (performer: \"I Wanna Be Loved by You\", \"Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend\", \"After You Get What You Want You Don't Want It\", \"I'm Gonna File My Claim\") [PAR] 2011 Gent de paraula (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Episode #2.5 (2011) ... (performer: \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\") [PAR] 2011 Shooting the Hollywood Stars (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"Some Like It Hot\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2010/I Burlesque (performer: \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend (Swing Cats Mix)\") [PAR] 2009 Willkommen \u00d6sterreich (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Episode #1.91 (2009) ... (performer: \"I Wanna Be Loved By You\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2009 Dzi Croquettes (Documentary) (performer: \"My Heart Belongs to Daddy\") [PAR] Dancing with the Stars (TV Series) (2 episodes, 2005 - 2006) (performer - 1 episode, 2009) [PAR] - Round One: Part 2 (2009) ... (performer: \"Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Round 7 (2006) ... (\"I Wanna Be Loved By You\") [PAR] - Dance Off (2005) ... (\"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\") [PAR] 2008 Game Boys (performer: \"I Wanna Be Loved By You\") [PAR] 2008 Mad Men (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Six Month Leave (2008) ... (performer: \"I'm Through With Love\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2008 Vita da Star: Cristiano Malgioglio (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"I Wanna Be Loved By You\") [PAR] 2008 Hollywood Singing and Dancing: A Musical Treasure (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"A Little Girl from Little Rock\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2007 Nip/Tuck (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Joyce and Sharon Monroe (2007) ... (performer: \"I Wanna Be Loved by You\") [PAR] 2007 Hoge bomen: Pioniers (TV Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Simon van Collem (2007) ... (performer: \"I Wanna Be Loved By You\") [PAR] 2006 La imagen de tu vida (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Episode #1.12 (2006) ... (performer: \"Happy Birthday to You\") [PAR] 2005 The Comeback (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] 2002-2004 Queer as Folk (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 100 best novels: No 39 \u2013 The History of Mr Polly by HG ... The 100 best novels: No 39 \u2013 The History of Mr Polly by HG Wells (1910) | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The 100 best novels [PAR] The 100 best novels: No 39 \u2013 The History of Mr Polly by HG Wells (1910) [PAR] The choice is great, but Wells's ironic portrait of a man very like himself is the novel that stands out [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] HG Wells is often catalogued as a pioneer of science fiction (which he was) with bestselling books like The Invisible Man and The First Men in the Moon. But he was also a great Edwardian writer of immense fame and influence who deserves to be remembered as a major literary figure, now somewhat eclipsed in the posterity stakes. [PAR] But which of his 50 novels to choose? The Sleeper Awakes (a far-sighted portrait of a world enslaved by money and machines)? Love and Mr Lewisham (the tale of a schoolteacher who becomes a socialist but subordinates politics to family life)? Tono-Bungay (a brilliant satire on advertising and the popular press)? Kipps (a Dickensian comedy about one ordinary man's struggle for self-improvement)? [PAR] Wells's fans will have their favourites. But I have chosen The History of Mr Polly, a novel from Wells's early middle age (he wrote it when he was 44), a delightful comedy of everyday Edwardian England that draws inspiration from its author's own life. Moreover, as Wells put it in the preface to \"the Atlantic Edition\" of 1924, \"a small but influential group of critics maintain that The History of Mr Polly is the writer's best book\". If he could not quite accept that, he said, he would still concede that \"certainly it is his happiest book, and the one he cares for most\". [PAR] I've always liked it (I've never been much of a sci-fi enthusiast) because it is, in many ways, so un-Wellsian. The story \u2013 still strikingly modern \u2013 is a comedy about a midlife crisis. Alfred Polly has a routine job as a gentlemen's outfitter in the small, provincial town of Fishbourne, a location widely agreed to be modelled on Sandgate in Kent, where Wells himself lived for several years. The tone is established at the outset: \"He hated Fishbourne, he hated his shop and his wife and his neighbours. But most of all Mr Polly \"hated himself\". [PAR] When he becomes threatened with bankruptcy, Mr Polly decides that the only way to liberate himself from his hateful predicament is to burn down his shop and commit suicide. But he makes a hash of his \"bit of arson\" and cannot find the courage to cut his throat with a razor. So then, acknowledging that \"Fishbourne wasn't the world\", Mr Polly takes off \"on the tramp\" and walks himself into a better future through what he calls his \"exploratious menanderings\". [PAR] For me, there are three elements to The History of Mr Polly that unite to give the book an enduring appeal, and to place it at the top of Wells's extraordinary output. First, Wells's picture of Mr Polly \u2013 an ironic self-portrait \u2013 is deliciously appealing. In the literary tradition of Mrs Malaprop, and many minor Dickens characters, Mr Polly has an \"innate sense of epithet\" that inspires a teeming vocabulary: \"intrudacious\", \"jawbacious\" and \"retrospectatiousness\". [PAR] Second, Mr Polly (who could have stepped from the pages of Dickens) is a \"little man\" of a kind typical of late Victorian and Edwardian England, a man painfully, even"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hunting of the Snark - Poetry Foundation The Hunting of the Snark by Lewis Carroll | Poetry Foundation [PAR] The Hunting of the Snark by Lewis Carroll [PAR] The Hunting of the Snark [PAR] Related Poem Content Details [PAR] \"Just the place for a Snark!\" the Bellman cried, [PAR] As he landed his crew with care; [PAR] Supporting each man on the top of the tide [PAR] By a finger entwined in his hair. [PAR] \"Just the place for a Snark! I have said it twice: [PAR] That alone should encourage the crew. [PAR] Just the place for a Snark! I have said it thrice: [PAR] What I tell you three times is true.\" [PAR] The crew was complete: it included a Boots\u2014 [PAR] A maker of Bonnets and Hoods\u2014 [PAR] A Barrister, brought to arrange their disputes\u2014 [PAR] And a Broker, to value their goods. [PAR] A Billiard-marker, whose skill was immense, [PAR] Might perhaps have won more than his share\u2014 [PAR] But a Banker, engaged at enormous expense, [PAR] Had the whole of their cash in his care. [PAR] There was also a Beaver, that paced on the deck, [PAR] Or would sit making lace in the bow: [PAR] And had often (the Bellman said) saved them from wreck, [PAR] Though none of the sailors knew how. [PAR] There was one who was famed for the number of things [PAR] He forgot when he entered the ship: [PAR] His umbrella, his watch, all his jewels and rings, [PAR] And the clothes he had bought for the trip. [PAR] He had forty-two boxes, all carefully packed, [PAR] With his name painted clearly on each: [PAR] But, since he omitted to mention the fact, [PAR] They were all left behind on the beach. [PAR] The loss of his clothes hardly mattered, because [PAR] He had seven coats on when he came, [PAR] With three pair of boots\u2014but the worst of it was, [PAR] He had wholly forgotten his name. [PAR] He would answer to \"Hi!\" or to any loud cry, [PAR] Such as \"Fry me!\" or \"Fritter my wig!\" [PAR] To \"What-you-may-call-um!\" or \"What-was-his-name!\" [PAR] While, for those who preferred a more forcible word, [PAR] He had different names from these: [PAR] His intimate friends called him \"Candle-ends,\" [PAR] And his enemies \"Toasted-cheese.\" [PAR] \"His form is ungainly\u2014his intellect small\u2014\" [PAR] (So the Bellman would often remark) [PAR] \"But his courage is perfect! And that, after all, [PAR] Is the thing that one needs with a Snark.\" [PAR] He would joke with h\u00e6nas, returning their stare [PAR] With an impudent wag of the head: [PAR] And he once went a walk, paw-in-paw, with a bear, [PAR] \"Just to keep up its spirits,\" he said. [PAR] He came as a Baker: but owned, when too late\u2014 [PAR] And it drove the poor Bellman half-mad\u2014 [PAR] He could only bake Bride-cake\u2014for which, I may state, [PAR] No materials were to be had. [PAR] The last of the crew needs especial remark, [PAR] Though he looked an incredible dunce: [PAR] He had just one idea\u2014but, that one being \"Snark,\" [PAR] The good Bellman engaged him at once. [PAR] He came as a Butcher: but gravely declared, [PAR] When the ship had been sailing a week, [PAR] He could only kill Beavers. The Bellman looked scared, [PAR] And was almost too frightened to speak: [PAR] But at length he explained, in a tremulous tone, [PAR] There was only one Beaver on board; [PAR] And that was a tame one he had of his own, [PAR] Whose death would be deeply deplored."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Don Vito Corleone (Character) - IMDb Don Vito Corleone (Character) [PAR] Don Vito Corleone (Character) [PAR] from The Godfather (1972) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Biography In the first film, Don Vito Corleone was portrayed by Marlon Brando... See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Godfather / The Godfather / Vito Corleone / Young Vito Corleone [PAR] Filmography [PAR] ... aka \"Mario Puzo's The Godfather: A Novel for Television\" - USA (complete title) [PAR] ... aka \"The Godfather 1902-1959: The Complete Epic\" - USA (video title) [PAR] ... aka \"The Godfather Novella\" - USA (alternative title) [PAR] ... aka \"The Godfather Saga\" - USA (alternative title) [PAR] ... aka \"The Godfather: The Complete Novel for Television\" - USA (alternative title) [PAR] ... aka \"NBC's Saturday Night\" - USA (complete title) [PAR] ... aka \"SNL\" - USA (informal title) [PAR] ... aka \"SNL 25\" - USA (alternative title) [PAR] ... aka \"Saturday Night\" - USA (first season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Saturday Night Live '80\" - USA (sixth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Saturday Night Live 15\" - USA (fifteenth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Saturday Night Live 20\" - USA (twentieth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Saturday Night Live 25\" - USA (twentyfifth season title)[DOC] [TLE] Vito Corleone - The Godfather Wiki - Wikia Vito Corleone | The Godfather Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015Vito Corleone [src] [PAR] Vito was born on December 7th 1891 , in the small Sicilian village of Corleone to Antonio Andolini . In 1901 , his father, Antonio was murdered by a Sicilian Mafia boss named Don Ciccio because he refused to pay tribute to him. His older brother, Paolo , swore revenge, but was himself murdered soon after; Paolo's murder was timed with the ultimate insult: during the funeral procession for his father. Eventually, Don Ciccio's henchmen came to the residence of the Andolinis to take Vito away and have him killed as well. Desperate, Signora Andolini took her son to see the Mafia chieftain herself. [PAR] When she went to see Don Ciccio, she begged for forgiveness, but Don Ciccio refused, reasoning that the younger boy Vito would also seek revenge as an adult. Upon Don Ciccio's refusal, Signora Andolini put a knife to his throat, allowing her son to escape at the expense of her own life. Later that night, he was smuggled away, fleeing Sicily to seek refuge in America on a cargo ship full of immigrants. Unable to speak English, he was renamed on Ellis Island as Vito Corleone when the immigration clerks saw the tag pinned to his clothes labelled \"Vito Andolini from Corleone\". [PAR] Coming to America [PAR] \"Do me this favor. I won't forget it. Ask your friends in the neighborhood about me. They'll tell you I know how to return a favor...\" [PAR] \u2015Vito Corleone [src] [PAR] Young Vito at Ellis Island in 1901. [PAR] Vito was later adopted by the Abbandando family in New York , and he befriended Genco Abbandando , who became like a brother to him. When he was eighteen, Vito married and started a family. Vito began making an honest living at Abbandando's grocery store on Ninth Avenue, but lost the job, as an intimidated Abbandando was forced to employ the nephew of Don Fanucci , a blackhander and the local neighborhood padrone."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marx publishes Manifesto - Feb 21, 1848 - HISTORY.com Marx publishes Manifesto - Feb 21, 1848 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Marx publishes Manifesto [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On February 21, 1848, The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels, is published in London by a group of German-born revolutionary socialists known as the Communist League. The political pamphlet\u2013arguably the most influential in history\u2013proclaimed that \u201cthe history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles\u201d and that the inevitable victory of the proletariat, or working class, would put an end to class society forever. Originally published in German as Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (\u201cManifesto of the Communist Party\u201d), the work had little immediate impact. Its ideas, however, reverberated with increasing force into the 20th century, and by 1950 nearly half the world\u2019s population lived under Marxist governments. [PAR] Karl Marx was born in Trier, Prussia, in 1818\u2013the son of a Jewish lawyer who converted to Lutheranism. He studied law and philosophy at the universities of Berlin and Jena and initially was a follower of G.W.F. Hegel, the 19th-century German philosopher who sought a dialectical and all-embracing system of philosophy. In 1842, Marx became editor of the Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper in Cologne. The newspaper grew considerably under his guidance, but in 1843 the Prussian authorities shut it down for being too outspoken. That year, Marx moved to Paris to co-edit a new political review. [PAR] Paris was at the time a center for socialist thought, and Marx adopted the more extreme form of socialism known as communism, which called for a revolution by the working class that would tear down the capitalist world. In Paris, Marx befriended Friedrich Engels, a fellow Prussian who shared his views and was to become a lifelong collaborator. In 1845, Marx was expelled from France and settled in Brussels, where he renounced his Prussian nationality and was joined by Engels. [PAR] During the next two years, Marx and Engels developed their philosophy of communism and became the intellectual leaders of the working-class movement. In 1847, the League of the Just, a secret society made up of revolutionary German workers living in London, asked Marx to join their organization. Marx obliged and with Engels renamed the group the Communist League and planned to unite it with other German worker committees across Europe. The pair were commissioned to draw up a manifesto summarizing the doctrines of the League. [PAR] Back in Brussels, Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto in January 1848, using as a model a tract Engels wrote for the League in 1847. In early February, Marx sent the work to London, and the League immediately adopted it as their manifesto. Many of the ideas in The Communist Manifesto were not new, but Marx had achieved a powerful synthesis of disparate ideas through his materialistic conception of history. The Manifesto opens with the dramatic words, \u201cA spectre is haunting Europe\u2013the spectre of communism,\u201d and ends by declaring: \u201cThe proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workers of the world, unite!\u201d [PAR] In The Communist Manifesto, Marx predicted imminent revolution in Europe. The pamphlet had hardly cooled after coming off the presses in London when revolution broke out in France on February 22 over the banning of political meetings held by socialists and other opposition groups. Isolated riots led to popular revolt, and on February 24 King Louis-Philippe was forced to abdicate. The revolution spread like brushfire across continental Europe. Marx was in Paris on the invitation of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'I'm Not There' (2007) | 30 Best Music Biopics of All Time ... 'I'm Not There' (2007) | 30 Best Music Biopics of All Time | Rolling Stone [PAR] 30 Best Music Biopics of All Time [PAR] 30 Best Music Biopics of All Time [PAR] From 18th-century composers to hip-hop legends, the greatest musician stories to ever grace big and small screens [PAR] All Stories [PAR] 1. 'I'm Not There' (2007) [PAR] How do you possibly try to encapsulate the life of Bob Dylan \u2014 one of the rock era's greatest shape-shifters \u2014 in a single film? If you're Carol director Todd Haynes, by splitting that life into different eras and influences, casting everyone from Cate Blanchett to Richard Gere to Heath Ledger to Christian Bale to portray separate shards in Dylan's rich, confounding mosaic. I'm Not There is both thrilling and inquisitive, staying away from chronology and straight biography to grasp, in a larger sense, how Dylan remade the world while constantly reinventing himself over the years. On one level, the film is merely a joyride through cinematic styles \u2014 aping the look and feel of Godard, A Hard Day's Night, 8 1/2 and 1970s revisionist Westerns \u2014 but, more profoundly, it pays the singer-songwriter the highest compliment by crafting a fractured, often brilliant exploration that's as vibrant as the man it honors. TG"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Weasley - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Ronald Weasley | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 Slytherins mock Ron about his Keeper abilities [src] [PAR] Ron with others in 12 Grimmauld Place preparing to clean [PAR] With the start of the Second Wizarding War and Voldemort's rise to power, Dumbledore reconstructed the Order of the Phoenix . Early in the summer of 1995 the Order, along with the remaining Weasley schoolchildren and Hermione, moved into headquarters at 12 Grimmauld Place . There, they helped Mrs Weasley clean the old house and kept an ear out for information about Harry. Early in August, he finally arrived at the headquarters but only after a Dementor attack on his cousin. Ron felt sorry about having to keep Harry in the dark, but quickly became aware of Harry's angry temper, which was very close to the surface due to Harry's increasing feelings of persecution and isolation. [PAR] Throughout August, they stayed at Grimmauld Place, and late in the month, Ron was shocked to be made a Gryffindor prefect , along with Hermione. For this traditional Weasley achievement, Molly and Arthur gave him a new broomstick, a Cleansweep Eleven . Bound by their prefect duties, Ron and Hermione could not initially join Harry on the Hogwarts Express , but had to go to another compartment to learn of their responsibilities before they were able to join Harry in his compartment for the last part of their journey to Hogwarts. That evening, Ron was worried when Hagrid was not at his seat at the welcoming feast and disconcerted by the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, Dolores Umbridge , who worked for Fudge . [PAR] The first DADA class with Umbridge as the professor [PAR] Along with several other students, Ron was angry when Professor Umbridge refused to teach the class practical defensive magic. That first week of school, Ron also tried out to be the Gryffindor Quidditch team 's Keeper . He won the position, but according to Quidditch Captain Angelina Johnson, he needed more improvement. Ron's Quidditch practises left him behind in his homework, to Hermione's chagrin. Soon, news of Ron's prefect position reached his brother, Percy Weasley , and Percy sent Ron a letter advising him to break off his friendship with Harry, whom he accused of being mad for supporting Dumbledore . [PAR] Late in September, one evening when Harry returned from detention with Professor Umbridge, Ron, somewhat reluctantly, joined Hermione in convincing that Harry teach his fellow students defence against the dark arts. Harry initially disagreed, but after a few days he decided to give it a go. Around this time, Professor Umbridge was appointed the first Hogwarts High Inquisitor , giving her the power to randomly create new school rules and inspect teachers' lessons. [PAR] The meeting of students in the Hog's Head that would become known as Dumbledore's Army [PAR] Late in October, students had their first visit to Hogsmeade . There, Harry, Ron, and Hermione met with several students who were interested in learning proper defence. Ron defended Harry when questions rose, and was among the first to sign the recruitment parchment. On the way home from Hogsmeade, Ron became upset when he learned from Hermione that his sister Ginny was dating Ravenclaw student Michael Corner . The following morning, Ron awoke to find that suddenly, by order of Professor Umbridge, all student groups had been disbanded including the House Quidditch teams, but he was mollified when Harry said they would continue with their secret group, which Ginny named \""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greatest Literature of All Time - John Steinbeck John Steinbeck - The Greatest Literature of All Time [PAR] East of Eden [SHOW] [HIDE] [PAR] Is it all timshel? Steinbeck has his main character drop the word at the end of the novel. Earlier it had been explained that the Hebrew word from the Bible meant that humankind.... more [PAR] The highs and lows of a great author [PAR] John Steinbeck's art and career follow a typically American arc of the mid-twentieth century. The early hard-scrabble years of unadulterated talent giving creative and dignified voice to the downtrodden. The rise to iconic status as the conscience of a new mainstream. And an alcohol-facilitated decline into alienating self-indulgence and general crankiness. [PAR] But one thing remained constant: he wrote like no one else and he never repeated himself, always trying something new. [PAR] While he was always at least interesting, nowadays however we choose to focus on the highlights of Steinbeck's writing career, especially the accomplished vision of his middle period. This is the period from the depths of the Great Depression to the booming post-war\u2014from the mid-1930s to early 1950s\u2014encompassing the twin peaks of The Grapes of Wrath and East of Eden , as well as two or three comparable heights of modern lit. [PAR] It's surprising then to discover Steinbeck produced over forty books in his lifetime. Before that golden middle period was launched with Tortilla Flat in 1935, Steinbeck had published three novels and two short story collections\u2014largely based on his background as a native of the Monterey Bay area of California, his experience in marine biology, and various other odd jobs he held across the United States\u2014all of which works drew little attention. [PAR] His first publishing success, Tortilla Flat, is a somewhat fanciful account of a small gang of charming ne'er-do-wells in an impoverished settlement above Monterey. The drinking, womanizing, thievery and more drinking of the paisanos (Spanish, Mexican, Indian and Caucasian bloods mixed together) is presented by Steinbeck as a take-off on King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, though most readers would be hard-pressed to see the connection. It's as Danny, Pilon, Pablo that the lumpen characters won the hearts of readers, thanks to Steinbeck's clever, philosophical and warm-spirited writing. They appeared as such also in the 1942 movie of Tortilla Flat. [PAR] Tortilla Flat was followed by In Dubious Battle (1936), the story of a strike by migratory workers. And then by The Red Pony stories, published separately beginning in 1933. Collected in 1937, they became a Steinbeck favourite, telling the simple story of a young boy coming of age on a farm in Salinas Valley, California. [PAR] Also in 1937 he published the equally enduring Of Mice and Men , about the relationship of two itinerant ranch workers, the ambitious George and the strong but simple-minded Lenny, whose dreams are crushed by events beyond their control. Steinbeck produced both novel and play forms of the pathetic story and it became his biggest success to date. [PAR] His style was set now. Ignoring the postmodern, stream-of-consciousness experiments of many more \"literary\" figures Steinbeck was a straightforward, natural writer in the Hemingway mould of \"less is more\"\u2014though slightly looser, more playful, and seemingly less cynical than his great contemporary. More sentimentally folksy. [PAR] His best work was still to come. The monumental novel, The Grapes of Wrath (1939) relates the trek of the dispossessed Joad family from Oklahoma to California during the Depression. It's Steinbeck's most political novel, taking the side of the Okies as they come up against oppressive"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roland Rat Superstar | Child Of The 1980's Roland Rat Superstar | Child Of The 1980's [PAR] Child Of The 1980's [PAR] Roland Rat Superstar [PAR] Posted by Big Boo on April 29th, 2008 [PAR] Roland Rat Superstar, self proclaimed saviour of TVam, as well as self proclaimed superstar for that matter, first hit our TV screens in 1983. He was brought in to introduce the five minute cartoon breaks that TVam had at certain times every morning. My favourite of these was Superchicken, but that\u2019s potentially something for another time. [PAR] Anne Diamond and Nick Owen would hand over to Roland from their comfy sofa to Roland and his Shedvision. This was a motif that was set to continue with Roland Rat. Whilst he pretended to have all the trimmings of a superstar, everything around him was quite obviously not all that wonderful, as broadcasting from a shed is a good example of. Roland would come on screen, usually insult Anne and Nick in some way, and then the cartoon would start. [PAR] Roland was soon joined by fellow puppet Kevin the Gerbil, a slightly effeminate rodent with a penchant for anything pink. This was particularly irritating to Roland when he instructed Kevin to get a car for him, which ended up being an old Ford Zodiac sprayed pink, with Ratmobile written along the side. [PAR] Another associate who arrived slightly later was Errol the Hamster, who was in charge of anything technical to do with sound or video. It was Errol\u2019s job to start the cartoons running, which was cued by Roland shouting \u201cErrol! Run VT\u201c. Errol was a Welsh hamster, which meant that Roland usually poked fun of him with jokes about leeks. [PAR] When it came to the school holidays Roland would normally get a much longer chance to entertain the kids, or his millions of fans as he would put it. The first such example was Rat on the Road, aired at 9am after the main TVam show during the Summer holidays in 1983. In this series Roland travelled around the UK in the Ratmobile, meeting people and generally getting into trouble. I believe this is also when we were first introduced to Roland\u2019s agent, the scheming D\u2019Arcy De Farcy, who was little more than a con man really. [PAR] The following year Roland\u2019s girlfriend, Glenis the Guinea Pig, was revealed in a short series called Operation F.O.G.I (Free Our Glenis Immediately). Before this Glenis had been mentioned, but this was the first time we actually got to see her, as the gang attempted to rescue (steal) her from Harrod\u2019s pet department. [PAR] In 1986 Roland left TVam, claiming he had done enough to bring them back from the brink of closure, and moved to the BBC, creating Roland Rat The Series, and even his own BBC channel (this was the first version of BBC3!). This show was a kind of sketch show involving all Roland\u2019s friends and family, including Little Reggie his baby brother (who had been around on TVam before. He farted a lot and said \u201cGreat \u2018ere innit\u201c), Iris and Freddy (Roland\u2019s Mum and Dad \u2013 Freddy looked exactly like Roland but with greyer fur) and even his pet flea, Colin. This show got two series, but then Roland left the UK to go and live in LA with all the other superstars. [PAR] Channel 5 offered Roland a comeback soon after it first start transmitting with LA Rat, detailing Roland\u2019s adventures in LA, but it wasn\u2019t very popular. A stint on Channel 4\u2019s Big Breakfast was doomed to failure"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spike Bulldog - Tom and Jerry Wiki - Wikia Spike Bulldog | Tom and Jerry Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Tom and Jerry Wiki [PAR] For other uses, see the disambiguation page for Spike . [PAR] Spike Bulldog is a grey, rough bulldog that appears in many of Tom and Jerry cartoons. He has a somewhat minor friendship with Jerry and is a formidable enemy to Tom , though he is occasionally is a rival to both protagonists, as he was in the cartoon Dog Trouble . [PAR] Spike has a grudge against Tom, not just because he's a cat, but because whenever they cross paths, Tom is interrupting quality time with his son, Tyke because he's too busy chasing Jerry to watch where he's going. Obviously, whenever Spike tells Tom not to do a certain thing (ex. dirty Tyke), Jerry overhears this and does his best to get Tom in trouble (in the example, Jerry would get Tyke as dirty as possible). Spike proceeds to beat Tom up thinking he was responsible for it. After Spike beats Tom, he is shown having a good time or resting peacefully with his son tyke and they are joined by Jerry their real saboteur, disturber and culprit who was really the one that Spike should beat up. Spike also appeared in some of the recent cartoons featuring a basset hound called Droopy , another popular MGM cartoon character. [PAR] Spike (and his son, Tyke) is most likely a secondary or even major character, as he has appeared in almost all renditions of Tom and Jerry's cartoons. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Spike has brownish-grey fur with a light brown marking that spans up the front of his torso. In many cartoons, his fur is light grey, while his marking is white. His ears are pointed with pink insides and his tail is slender, small, and pointed as well. His only consistent article of clothing is a red, spiked dog collar. He has a anchored tattoo on his left upper arm as seen in \" Quiet Please! \".[DOC] [TLE] Spike and Chester - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia Spike and Chester | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Chester and Spike [PAR] Spike the Bulldog and Chester the Terrier are animated cartoon characters in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. Spike is a burly, gray bulldog who wears a red sweater, a brown bowler hat, and a perpetual scowl. Chester is the exact opposite, small and jumpy with yellow fur and brown, perky ears. [PAR] The characters starred in only two shorts, both directed by animator Friz Freleng and having the same concept. [PAR] The first of these cartoon films was 1952's Tree for Two . In it, Chester tells his idol Spike that he knows of a cat that they can beat up. The cat is Freleng's own Sylvester , but every time Spike thinks he has the cat cornered, a runaway zoo black panther appears in Sylvester's place, thrashing the dog instead. When Chester decides to have a go of it, however, Sylvester finds himself at the little dog's mercy. By the cartoon's end, Spike and Chester have switched roles; Spike is the fawning sycophant, and Chester the smug prizefighter. [PAR] The characters' second outing came in the 1954 film Dr. Jerkyl's Hide . Spike (here called \"Alfie\" and having a different accent) is once again after Sylvester, only this time it is Sylvester himself who pummels the poor pooch, thanks to a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MOUSE HUNT (1997) \u2013 For The Love Of Celluloid MOUSE HUNT (1997) \u2013 For The Love Of Celluloid [PAR] Running Time: 1 hour 38 minutes [PAR] MPAA Rating: PG for Language, Comic Sensuality and Mayhem [PAR] Directed by: Gore Verbinski [PAR] Written by: Adam Rifkin [PAR] Starring: Nathan Lane, Lee Evans, Vicki Lewis, Maury Chaykin, Camilla Soeberg, Debra Christofferson, Christopher Walken & William Hickey [PAR] MOUSE HUNT has the distinction of being the first-ever family film from DreamWorks. Despite being intended for kids as well as adults, the movie tries too hard to make things equally enjoyable for both age groups but in very different ways. Sometimes, the movie is a well-intentioned and genuinely funny romp that has a surprising level of sophistication around it. About an equal amount, the film turns into a live-action TOM & JERRY episode. Sadly, both approaches don\u2019t blend together well or coherently. There are a decent amount of laughs in the well-intentioned parts of the movie that focus on a creative screenplay where everything doesn\u2019t result in a pratfall. [PAR] Lars and Ernie Smuntz are the two sons of a formerly rich proprietor of a string factory. Leaving not much of an inheritance to his sons (some knick-knacks, a rundown factory, and an abandoned house in the middle of nowhere), Lars and Ernie find their lives upended through two separate acts of fate. Things seem to be changing for the better when the brothers find out that their father\u2019s countryside property is actually the legendary abandoned house of a famed architect that\u2019s worth millions. Blinded by the possibility of a fortune, the Smuntz siblings embark on renovating the house. This process is made difficult and destructive by a mouse that\u2019s smarter than your average rodent. [PAR] MOUSE HUNT has an identity crisis between being a kids movie about a mouse outwitting two grown men or a raunchy comedy that happens to have a seemingly indestructible rodent as a plot device. The former doesn\u2019t work quite as well as it wants to and the latter feels like it\u2019s pushing the boundaries for what\u2019s appropriate in a family flick. There are utterances of notable swear words that I\u2019m sure parents don\u2019t want their young ones picking up. Also there\u2019s frank talk about sex and some risqu\u00e9 humor. One stand-out scene is a moment near the end that made me laugh hard, but didn\u2019t fit at all within the boundaries of a PG-rated family flick. It\u2019s like how CASPER (a film that came out a couple of years prior) threw in curse words for the sake of being edgy and was bound to irritate some parents. I almost always praise family entertainment that takes risks, but there\u2019s also a certain level of content that should be avoided if you\u2019re making a movie that\u2019s specifically geared towards children and MOUSE HUNT rubbed me the wrong way in a few areas. [PAR] The performances from the cast are well above the level of material they\u2019ve ended up working with. Nathan Lane and Lee Evans are a good comedic duo and it makes you wonder that if this film had been more well-received, they could have possibly have gone on starring in more family films together. At any rate, they both highlight different styles of comedy. Nathan Lane is Ernie and the more brash of the brothers. Lee Evans delivered more laughs as Lars, but came off as the goofy screw-up. The late William Hickey also makes his last film appearance as their father, seen in one flashback and appearing in a painting with multiple expressions. Christopher Walken"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characters from Agatha Christie stories - Agatha Christie Characters from Agatha Christie stories - Agatha Christie [PAR] Hercule Poirot [PAR] One of the most famous fictional characters of all time, the inimitable Belgian private detective is synonymous with waxed moustaches, perfectionism and little grey cells. Poirot would be the first to call himself a great man - he has never been known for his modesty - but with such success in his career, it is difficult to argue with him. [PAR] Miss Marple [PAR] Miss Jane Marple doesn\u2019t look like your average detective. Quite frankly, she doesn\u2019t look like a detective at all. But looks can be deceiving... For a woman who has spent her life in the small village of St Mary Mead, Miss Marple is surprisingly worldly. But as she often points out, she has had every opportunity to observe human nature. [PAR] Tommy & Tuppence [PAR] International spies, two world wars, murders, thefts and not to mention marriage, Tommy and Tuppence seek out excitement wherever it may lie. Tuppence leads the way with her charismatic nature, while Tommy\u2019s slow, considered manner provides the perfect foil. Together they form the 'Young Adventurers Ltd' and the adventures begin."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spitting Image - Titi Tudorancea Spitting Image [PAR] S [PAR] Spitting Image [PAR] Spitting Image was a British satirical puppet show which ran on the ITV television network from 1984 to 1996. It was produced by Spitting Image Productions for Central. The series was nominated for 10 BAFTA Awards, winning one, for editing, in 1989. [PAR] The series was notorious for featuring caricatured puppets of numerous celebrities who were famous during the 1980s and 1990s. The humor was usually controversial and bitingly sharp. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , then American president Ronald Reagan and The British Royal Family were the most prominent targets, although hundreds of other celebrities were spoofed in an equally disrespectful manner. [PAR] Certain countries have been inspired to have similar satirical puppet shows, based on \"Spitting Image\". [PAR] History [PAR] Development [PAR] The show took several years to be developed. The original idea is credited to graphic designer Martin Lambie-Nairn, who proposed the idea of a satirical television show featuring puppets to Peter Fluck and Roger Law, two illustrators and sculptors who worked mostly in print media. The puppets, caricaturing public figures often including British and American politicians and celebrities, were designed by Fluck and Law (who sometimes spoonerised their names as 'Luck and Flaw'). They were assisted by various young voice caricaturists including David Stoten, Steve Bendelack, Tim Watts, Pablo Bach, Christopher Sharrock (who coined the internal name for the show: \"Splitting Headache\") and Oscar da Costa and virtually every successful British impressionist of the time. Musical parodies were provided by Philip Pope (former member of Who Dares Wins and The Hee Bee Gee Bees) and later Steve Brown (who played the character of bandleader Glen Ponder in Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge). [PAR] Beginnings [PAR] As neither Lambie-Nairn, Fluck or Law had prior TV experience, they turned to others to actually produce the show. Fluck and Law brought in comedy writer and National Lampoon editor Tony Hendra, who they had met previously while working in America. Hendra in turn brought in John Lloyd, producer of the satirical sketch show Not The Nine O'Clock News. They were joined by Jon Blair, a documentary producer. They then hired Muppet puppeteer Louise Gold. The initial development of the show was funded by entrepreneur Clive Sinclair . At the start in 1984 and 1985 the show wasn't doing well in the ratings and was nearly cancelled. As there was no availability at Central's Birmingham Studio 1, the team used Studio 2 - better known as the Crossroads Motel. Early series were recorded at Limehouse Studios in London's Docklands, now demolished. [PAR] Rob Grant and Doug Naylor were brought in as head writers to try and save the show, with the informal understanding that they would be promoted to executive producers if they succeeded. By 1986, under their supervision, Spitting Image had become a popular phenomenon, even producing a number 1 hit single (the infamous Chicken Song), but producer John Lloyd was unaware of the writers' deal and refused their promotion. With the feeling that they wouldn't be able to progress on the show, the pair left (and later created Red Dwarf for BBC2). [PAR] Several of the politicians found their characterisations offensive, although in subsequent interviews many were glad of the attention. Though an appreciation of the programme's humour required more than a passing knowledge of British politics, it aired on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation late on Sunday nights in the late 1980s. The American NBC network aired several prime-time specials adapted from the series in the same period. [PAR] Popularity and changes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Epsom Derby 2003 Result | Derby Winner Kris Kin 6/1 Epsom Derby 2003 Result | Derby Winner Kris Kin 6/1 [PAR] Toggle navigation [PAR] Epsom Derby 2003 Result [PAR] The Epsom Derby in 2003 was all about one of the biggest and sustained gambles in a major race seen in quite a few years. Kris Kin was backed at all prices in the morning of the race. Those you lumped on could only thank one person for collecting and that was the brilliant jockeyship of Kieran Fallon for getting Kris Kin up in the dying strides. [PAR] In the end Kris Kin proved strong enough to fend off The Great Gatsby, ridden by Pat Eddery , who had led from the off but faded over the last two furlongs. In a year which was going to see Pat Eddery ride in his last Epsom Derby, it would have been a wonderful climax to his magnificent career if he had got the Great Gatsby to hang on, but in the end he had to settle for second place. One of the pre-race favourite Alamshar also finished strongly to take third place. [PAR] \\\"Everything went his way and he travelled well in his race. They went a good gallop and he was able to quicken,\\\" Fallon told BBC Sport after the race. \\\"It got a bit tight at the top of the hill as it always does when they cross over. I worried there but I let him find himself and he was OK.\\\" [PAR] The Great Gatsby made the early running under Eddery, along with Dutch Gold. Refuse To Bend, the 11-4 favourite, was racing in touch with Brian Boru close up on the inside and Kris Kin in mid-division. As the field turned for home Eddery kicked on and had most of the runners in trouble, but Fallon had the move covered and went in pursuit of the leader. His mount answered all his calls to lead inside the final furlong and hold his rivals at bay in a stirring finish to land a massive public gamble. Alamshar threatened briefly a furlong out and was only a short head behind the second, while Norse Dancer had been last at the top of the hill on the Epsom Racecourse and made up an amazing amount of ground to claim fourth place. [PAR] Kris Kin and Norse Dancer had been supplemented for the race at a cost of \u00a390,000 on Monday. [PAR] Winning trainer Sir Michael Stoute landed his third Derby following the victories of Shergar in 1981 and Shahrastani five years later. It was Fallon\\'s second blue riband after Oath\\'s success in 1999. Stoute said: \\\"It\\'s always a great thrill. You can\\'t win it too many times and 1986 was a long time ago. \\\"We\\'ve had a little bit of misfortune over the years since that period so I am delighted that it has come good. \\\"I am delighted for Saeed Suhail (owner) who was tough enough to supplement him. You\\'ve got one of the great rides round Epsom on Derby day from Kieren Fallon - and that helped.\\\" [PAR] Some \u00a320m was gambled on the race, and bookmakers were pleased none of the three market leaders won, but the support for Kris Kin left them with mixed feelings. [PAR] Pos."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 39 Steps to writing a perfect thriller by author John ... The 39 Steps to writing a perfect thriller by author John Buchan's grandson | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Even now, almost 100 years after it was first published, the story retains a modernity that is little short of astonishing [PAR] 'The 39 Steps, in its language, its settings, its nods to contemporary technology and its characterisation, belongs firmly to the 20th century,' said John Buchan's grandson, Toby [PAR] On a late-summer\u2019s day in 1914, a man walks with his small daughter down a rickety flight of wooden steps leading to a private beach from a house on the clifftop. The girl, just turned six, is improving her counting by determinedly calling out the number of each step. [PAR] \u2018Thirty-six, thirty-seven, thirty-eight, thirty-NINE!\u2019 she says in triumph as they step off onto the sand. [PAR] Thus Alice Buchan gave the title to her father\u2019s, my grandfather\u2019s, new novel, little knowing that it would prove to be one of the most enduring adventure stories ever to be published. [PAR] John Buchan wrote The 39 Steps in a few weeks towards the end of 1914, while staying with his wife and children at Broadstairs in Kent, in a house on the cliffs overlooking Stone Bay. (The house is still there; indeed, anyone wishing to re-enact the novel\u2019s finale may rent it as a holiday let.) [PAR] While there, he became ill with the duodenal problems that plagued him all his life, and which had prevented him from joining the Army, Britain having declared war against Germany on August 4 that year. Two major elements among these facts \u2013 the clifftop setting and the coming of war \u2013 infuse what has come to be widely regarded as the first modern spy thriller. [PAR] Buchan posted the manuscript to Blackwood & Sons in Edinburgh, publisher not only of books but of the famous literary magazine that bore its name. [PAR] \u2018It has amused me to write, but whether it will amuse you to read is another matter,\u2019 he wrote. [PAR] He need not have fretted. Blackwood\u2019s accepted it at once and published it in the magazine, in serial form and pseudonymously, between July and September 1915, and as a book under Buchan\u2019s name in October. It was an immediate success \u2013 and more than that, it has become a classic of its kind. [PAR] Today, the principal charges levelled against the novel are that it is dated, and that it relies too heavily upon improbable circumstances or coincidences. Yet I would argue that even now, almost 100 years after it was first published, the story retains a modernity that is little short of astonishing. [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps, released in 1935, is an extremely well-made comedy thriller that's widely and deservedly admired [PAR] I am reminded of its place in our collective narrative by a cartoon I clipped from a newspaper a few years ago and pinned to my office wall. It shows a boy of about eight, standing in front of his parents. [PAR] He is wearing a tweed Norfolk jacket, a tie, breeches, chequered shooting stockings and what are no doubt stout brogues. Eyes closed as in serious thought, he is drawing on a pipe clamped between his teeth, the bowl of which he\u2019s holding in his left hand. In his right, half wedged beneath his arm, he holds a copy of The 39 Steps. Anxiously, his mother is saying to her husband, \u2018Why doesn\u2019t he read Harry Potter, like other kids?\u2019 Why indeed? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] seven kings - The Roman Empire The Kings [PAR] 715-674 Reign of Numa Pompilius [PAR] Your browser does not support the IFRAME tag. [PAR] 673-642 Reign of Tullus Hostilius. Destruction of Alba Longa. [PAR] 642-617 Reign of Ancus Marcius. Extension of Rome's power to the coast. [PAR] 616-579 Reign of L. Tarquinius Priscus. Forum drained. [PAR] 578-535 Reign of Servius Tullius. Treaty with Latins. [PAR] 535-510 Reign of L. Tarquinius Superbus. Erection of the Capitoline Temple. Treaty with Gabii. Roman territory extended to ca. 350 square miles. [PAR] 510 Downfall of the last Tarquinian king, Tarquinius Superbus. Brutus liberates Rome. Establishment of a republic headed by two magistrates (later called consuls) elected annually. [PAR] The Roman Kings [PAR] Historical details are still too obscure for any definite records of Rome under the kings, All remains half mythical. [PAR] But it was under the Roman Kings that the Roman ability to create an empire of sorts first came to the fore, even though any original intentions will hardly have been of an imperial nature. [PAR] In all there was said to have been seven kings of Rome covering a period of over two hundred years. [PAR] Romulus [PAR] The first recognized king of Rome was its mythical founder, Romulus. [PAR] To him is attributed the foundation of the senate. [PAR] He is also said to have ruthlessly pursued a policy of expanding the population, granting refuge and acceptance to criminals on the run at the asylum on the Capitoline Hill. He expanded the city\ufffds boundaries to encompass four hills; Capitoline, Aventine, Caelian and Quirinal. [PAR] If Romulus\ufffd reign was infamous, this impression is only further reinforced with an episode widely known as the \ufffdRape of the Sabine women\ufffd. [PAR] With Rome\ufffds populace enlarged with runaway slaves and criminals, king Romulus found himself ruling a nation with too few women. The story goes that he staged extravagant celebrations for the festival of Consus (the god of the granary and the storehouse), inviting the neighbouring tribes to attend. [PAR] For large image click on picture [PAR] Italian warrior of the late 8th, early 7th century BC [PAR] Museo della Civilta, Rome [PAR] Many of the neighbouring Sabines were invited. But in mid-celebration the festival was brought to a sudden end, when Romulus and his Romans revealed their true intentions, taking possession of the unmarried Sabine women by force and claiming them as brides. Romulus himself came by his wife Hersilia by this very method. [PAR] The Sabine town of Cures, ruled by king Titus Tatius, quite understandably declared war. [PAR] In the resulting fight the Sabines managed to capture the Capitoline Hill, due to the treachery of Tarpeia who opened a gate (and who gave name to the Tarpeian Rock on the Capitoline). Further legend has it that it was the Sabine women who intervened to stop the fighting between their Sabine relatives and their new found Roman husbands. [PAR] A peace was agreed and the Sabines of Cures and the Romans united and henceforth became one people. The two kings thereafter ruled jointly, Titus Tatius from the Capitoline and Romulus from the Palatine. Once the Sabine king died, sole rule fell to Romulus until his death at the age of 54. [PAR] If all this sounds very much like a string of fairy tales and legends, there are hints to underlying truths. For example, Quirinus was the Sabine equivalent of the Roman god Mars and we found his name reflected in the Quirinal Hill. So too in the rarely used alternative name the Romans would use for themselves, the quirites."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rocky (1976) - IMDb Rocky (1976) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his self-respect. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 26 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 13 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 30 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Rocky \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 16 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Rocky struggles in family life after his bout with Apollo Creed, while the embarrassed champ insistently goads him to accept a challenge for a rematch. [PAR] Director: Sylvester Stallone [PAR] After winning the ultimate title and being the world champion, Rocky falls into a hole and finds himself picked up by a former enemy. [PAR] Director: Sylvester Stallone [PAR] After iron man Drago, a highly intimidating 6-foot-5, 261-pound Soviet athlete, kills Apollo Creed in an exhibition match, Rocky comes to the heart of Russia for 15 pile-driving boxing rounds of revenge. [PAR] Director: Sylvester Stallone [PAR] Thirty years after the ring of the first bell, Rocky Balboa comes out of retirement and dons his gloves for his final fight; against the reigning heavyweight champ Mason 'The Line' Dixon. [PAR] Director: Sylvester Stallone [PAR] Reluctantly retired from boxing, and back from riches to rags, Rocky takes on a new protege who betrays him, as the champ's son must adjust to his family's new life after bankruptcy. [PAR] Director: John G. Avildsen [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X [PAR] A seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg is sent from 2029 to 1984 to assassinate a waitress, whose unborn son will lead humanity in a war against the machines, while a soldier from that war is sent to protect her at all costs. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X [PAR] A giant great white shark arrives on the shores of a New England beach resort and wreaks havoc with bloody attacks on swimmers, until a part-time sheriff teams up with a marine biologist and an old seafarer to hunt the monster down. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] During a preview tour, a theme park suffers a major power breakdown that allows its cloned dinosaur exhibits to run amok. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] Former Green Beret John Rambo is pursued into the mountains surrounding a small town by a tyrannical sheriff and his deputies, forcing him to survive using his combat skills. [PAR] Director: Ted Kotcheff [PAR] The former World Heavyweight Champion Rocky Balboa serves as a trainer and mentor to Adonis Johnson, the son of his late friend and former rival Apollo Creed. [PAR] Director: Ryan Coogler [PAR] John McClane, officer of the NYPD, tries"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hilts in The Great Escape | BAMF Style Hilts in The Great Escape | BAMF Style [PAR] Hilts in The Great Escape [PAR] Steve McQueen as the unflappable Capt. Hilts in The Great Escape (1963). [PAR] This weekend marked the 69th anniversary of \u201cThe Great Escape\u201d, the mass escape of allied airmen from the German-controlled Stalag Luft III in Lower Silesia. The escape, which involved the efforts of 600 men, achieved the goal of RAF Squadron Leader Roger Bushell to \u201cmake life hell for the Hun.\u201d [PAR] In 1963, the story was filmed by the Mirisch Company as The Great Escape. [PAR] Vitals [PAR] Steve McQueen as Capt. Virgil Hilts, U.S. Army Air Force pilot and escape artist [PAR] Silesia, Spring 1944 [PAR] Release Date: July 4, 1963 [PAR] Director: John Sturges [PAR] Wardrobe Credit: Bert Henrikson [PAR] Background [PAR] If you\u2019re reading this blog, chances are you\u2019ve heard of The Great Escape and have hopefully seen it roughly a hundred times in your life. Since there\u2019s not much more for me to say about it, here\u2019s a great bit from British comedian Eddie Izzard from Dress to Kill, about the film and McQueen\u2019s attire in particular. [PAR] The Great Escape, now there\u2019s a film. A lot of British actors, I\u2019m British, so link up there. Steve McQueen, action hero; action transvestite, linkup there. The story is based on a true story about 76 British prisoners, I think, who escaped from the prisoner of war camp in Silesia, in Poland. They\u2019re all experts at escaping; they\u2019ve escaped from lots of other prisons, and they\u2019re all put together, so they say, \u201cHey, let\u2019s work together.\u201d [PAR] Steve McQueen plays the American guy who is dropped into British films in order to make them sell\u2026 in America, that is, because you\u2019d go, \u201cOh, I\u2019m not gonna see it, it\u2019s full of British guys, and what the fuck do I know about British things?\u201d\u2026 [PAR] In The Great Escape, they say, \u201cLook, we\u2019re gonna do the biggest escape in the history of people escaping from things they shouldn\u2019t. Fantastic.\u201d [PAR] And Steve isn\u2019t really a part of this, he\u2019s just hanging out, playing baseball, runs with the van, does an escape, gets caught, covered in mud, and stuff like that; but the British are working away, they\u2019re digging three tunnels \u2013 Charley, Barley and Farley. No, four tunnels, Charley, Barley, Farley and Wally; no, five tunnels, Charley, Barley, Farley and Wally\u2026 Nobody expects the Spanish tunnel king! [PAR] And they\u2019re digging away, and there\u2019s people in charge of shoveling it up, people putting breathing apparatus in, putting things on trolleys, lighting apparatus; people disguising the entrance of the tunnel so it looks like a kibbutz or something; people saying, \u201cI\u2019ve turned my uniform inside out, turned up my collar, I\u2019ve turned my buttocks into a hat, and I now look like a German officer\u2026 but I have no buttocks.\u201d [PAR] \u201cJawol, mein Herr. So habe ich linge wenige. Locherbekommen.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWell done, Simpkins. That\u2019s a line from Monty Python, isn\u2019t it?\u201d [PAR] Donald Pleasance is doing forgeries on bits of tin can with a bit of jam. Clang! And on the day of the escape, they\u2019re all there, and Steve McQueen has joined up in the escape, and the British have trilby hats on, overcoats, canoe, a bit of a rabbit\u2026 And Steve\u2019s just there in jeans and a T-shirt, disguised as an American man! He romps out, jumps in a motorbike, knocks a guy off, and within 15 minutes, he\u2019s in the borders of Switzerland. This is from Poland! And"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Kiel, who played James Bond villain Jaws, dies at 74 Richard Kiel, James Bond villian Jaws, dies at 74 - Chicago Tribune [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] Richard Kiel , who most famously played the villainous Jaws in two James Bond films starring Roger Moore, \"The Spy Who Loved Me\" and \"Moonraker,\" and also appeared in Adam Sandler comedy \"Happy Gilmore,\" died Wednesday afternoon in a hospital in Fresno, Calif., three days shy of his 75th birthday. [PAR] Kiel died at Saint Agnes Medical Center , hospital spokeswoman Kelley Sanchez said. She did not reveal any further details on the cause of his death, citing patient confidentiality. [PAR] \"He was a very loyal friend and client for over 35 years, a terrific husband and father, and was not only a giant actor but a giant man,\" said Steve Stevens, Kiel's agent. [PAR] The actor had broken his leg earlier in the week, but it is not clear if that event is tied to his death. [PAR] Kiel had lent his voice to a James Bond videogame in 2003 but more recently had voiced Vlad for the animated film \"Tangled\" in 2010. [PAR] Before his appearances in the Bond film in the mid to late '70s, Kiel was perhaps best known for his roles in Burt Reynolds prison football film \"The Longest Yard\" and for appearing in several episodes of \"The Wild Wild West\" as an assistant to supervilllain Miguelito Loveless (played by dwarf Michael Dunn). [PAR] Remembering legends, celebrities and other newsmakers who passed away this year. [PAR] Younger audiences knew him best from \"Happy Gilmore,\" in which he played a golf spectator who threatens the villainous Shooter McGavin. [PAR] Stevens said Kiel had taken a step back from acting after he was involved in a truck accident several years ago and was faced with walking difficulties. He remained active on the autograph circuit for avid Bond fans. [PAR] Kiel stood 7 feet 1.5 inches tall in his prime. His height and distinctive features were the result of acromegaly, a hormonal condition. [PAR] In 1962 the actor played the title role in \"Eegah,\" beloved by fans of extraordinarily bad movies. [PAR] The same year Kiel starred \"To Serve a Man,\" a classic episode of \"Twilight Zone\" in which he played Kanamit. A few years later he appeared on \"The Monkees.\" [PAR] In the 1970s he continued to appear on television. He was a series regular on the William Shatner- Doug McClure series \"Barbary Coast,\" and he was an evil Native American shapeshifter who terrorizes Darren McGavin 's character in \"The Night Stalker.\" [PAR] The actor's autobiography, \"Making It Big in the Movies,\" was published in 2002. [PAR] Variety, Reuters"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Guns of Navarone Reviews & Ratings - IMDb The Guns of Navarone Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 106 out of 129 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Affectionately crafted piece of art that is sadly under-appreciated by the typical modern \"soundbite\" moviegoer. [PAR] from Gilbert, AZ [PAR] 15 August 2004 [PAR] Wow - I used to think \"Guns Of Navarone\" was a try-hard, almost-there type of near-classic war film that had muffled sound, used a bad coloring process, was poorly lit, was limited by budget and the technology of the time. Boy, was I WRONG - I had seen this film several times, all on conventional/cable TV, VHS and even Laserdisc prior to the recent UCLA restoration now out on DVD. I never completely engaged in the reality/experience of this movie. It was as if I was listening to Beethoven's Ninth on an AM clock radio in an adjacent room. The newly-restored DVD in its original widescreen format showcased on a big screen TV in surround sound is the ONLY way to fully take in this piece of art, unless you perchance get lucky enough to see it in a cine complex. [PAR] Unless you have viewed this film in its original condition in a theater or restored, letterboxed with proper-sized screen and sound, your previous/future comments have ZERO merit, as far as I'm concerned. So many people here have commented on this film \"lacking action\" and being a \"bore\" - I could not disagree more. Although I have not read the book (something I rarely do anymore due to an unfortunate accident years ago), this movie resembled a well-written novel. It was FULL of REAL character development, bringing you mixed emotions - at times you love, feel for, loathe or despise them - even the German army officer, during the interrogation/capture scene (which I will not spoil), had a warm, admirable quality about him. I will purchase/rent/borrow an audiobook of this, if at all possible, because Alistair MacLean has some of the best written adventure material ever brought to film. The action in this film was aplenty - maybe not a Schwarzeneger thrillride, but that would have made it completely unbelievable. The character development, internal conflict and subplots more than adequately fill the non-action lulls, if you want to call them that. One reviewer here commented on a shipwreck scene of 15 minutes that seemed like forever - the entire realistic shipwreck sequence was barely five minutes long, FYI. Without going into too much \"spoiling\" detail, there was constant suspense while the Germans were nipping at their heels all film long. It contained espionage, several hand-to-hand combat sequences, several shootings, knifings, cars/trucks being blown up, carjackings, explosions, dive bombings, mortar bombardments, strafings, assassinations, etc. With six men and two women against several dozen Germans, you can't justifiably get much more action packed into a script unless you would unnecessarily/unrealistically insert more just to intensify the film. The film did not really need intensifying as the plot was strong enough on its own merits - as were all the characters and the subplots surrounding them. [PAR] The editing is top-notch. This film is lovingly woven into a tapestry with nice artistic dissolves/fades/graphics transitioning scenes (chapters) and furthering character development and story lines - the accompanying music only enhances those transitions like adding melted butter and/or salt to cooked vegetables enhancing their flavor. To me, this film is very warm and comfortable when it needs to be, but also cold and abrasive at times to make its social commentary. Carl Foreman scripted another great"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] It's a Wonderful Life (1946) | IMDb It's a Wonderful Life (1946) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] It's a Wonderful Life ( 1946 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] From $12.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] An angel is sent from Heaven to help a desperately frustrated businessman by showing him what life would have been like if he had never existed. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 25 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: It's a Wonderful Life (1946) [PAR] 8.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 5 Oscars. Another 6 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Lion cub and future king Simba searches for his identity. His eagerness to please others and penchant for testing his boundaries sometimes gets him into trouble. [PAR] Directors: Roger Allers, Rob Minkoff [PAR] Stars: Matthew Broderick, Jeremy Irons, James Earl Jones [PAR] During her family's move to the suburbs, a sullen 10-year-old girl wanders into a world ruled by gods, witches, and spirits, and where humans are changed into beasts. [PAR] Director: Hayao Miyazaki [PAR] After inadvertently wreaking havoc on the elf community due to his ungainly size, a man raised as an elf at the North Pole is sent to the U.S. in search of his true identity. [PAR] Director: Jon Favreau [PAR] In the distant future, a small waste-collecting robot inadvertently embarks on a space journey that will ultimately decide the fate of mankind. [PAR] Director: Andrew Stanton [PAR] The Tramp struggles to live in modern industrial society with the help of a young homeless woman. [PAR] Director: Charles Chaplin [PAR] Seventy-eight year old Carl Fredricksen travels to Paradise Falls in his home equipped with balloons, inadvertently taking a young stowaway. [PAR] Directors: Pete Docter, Bob Peterson [PAR] Stars: Edward Asner, Jordan Nagai, John Ratzenberger [PAR] Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger [PAR] A cowboy doll is profoundly threatened and jealous when a new spaceman figure supplants him as top toy in a boy's room. [PAR] Director: John Lasseter [PAR] While home sick in bed, a young boy's grandfather reads him a story called The Princess Bride. [PAR] Director: Rob Reiner [PAR] A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. [PAR] Director: Robert Wise [PAR] The toys are mistakenly delivered to a day-care center instead of the attic right before Andy leaves for college, and it's up to Woody to convince the other toys that they weren't abandoned and to return home. [PAR] Director: Lee Unkrich [PAR] After his son is captured in the Great Barrier Reef and taken to Sydney, a timid clownfish sets out on a journey to bring him home. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Stanton, Lee Unkrich [PAR] Stars: Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] George Bailey"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Four Weddings and a Funeral Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Four Weddings and a Funeral Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 61 out of 70 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Droll romantic comedy showcases Hugh Grant in his best role. [PAR] from North Hemis [PAR] 28 February 2002 [PAR] Richard Curtis, author of Rowan Atkinson's sublime Blackadder TV series, here contributes a romantic comedy screenplay which is actually romantic AND actually funny. American hacks should take note: it's possible to write comedy based on the battle of the sexes that doesn't rely on misogyny and gross-out humor. [PAR] Hugh Grant at his most charming leads a talented ensemble cast in this warm-hearted tale of unrequited and requited love that so impressed stodgy Academy voters it actually got a Best Picture nomination. I won't quibble with those who say it was undeserving -- although some of the other user comments are ridiculously hostile to such a lightweight romp -- but I will defend its makers for crafting a genuine crowd-pleaser that relies on story, character and witty dialogue for its appeal. [PAR] The essence of good romantic comedy is what Curtis and director Mike Newell capture particularly well in this film (more effectively than Curtis' other Grant hit, NOTTING HILL) and it's this: love makes us do stupid things. We err in choice, we blunder in execution, we make utter fools of ourselves, and yet we don't give up. We still strive. We still search for that perfect someone. And the glory is -- sometimes we get lucky. [PAR] Going along on this quest with Grant and friends is as enjoyable an entertainment as you're lucky to find in your local DVD section. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 66 out of 80 people found the following review useful: [PAR] A British Romantic Comedy as Good as Hollywood at its Best [PAR] from Tunbridge Wells, England [PAR] 15 July 2005 [PAR] Richard Curtis's films have sometimes been criticised for giving a too cosy, conservative view of British society. \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\" seems to take place in an England of eternal summer, a land which consists almost entirely of green and pleasant countryside and the more exclusive districts of London and which is populated solely by members of the upper and upper-middle classes. The script does cross the border into an equally idealised Scotland of mists, tartans and Highland flings, but even these scenes were actually shot in Surrey. Such criticism contains an element of truth, but is largely irrelevant when it comes to assessing the merits of the film because it ignores the fact that most romantic comedies (in other media as well as in the cinema) are set against a relatively narrow background in terms of social class, often enabling the writer to satirise the manners of that class. Jane Austin, for example, the most successful writer of romantic comedy in nineteenth-century England, set all her works among the wealthy landed gentry or prosperous bourgeoisie of the day. [PAR] Most of the action of the film takes place either at, or immediately before or after, one of the four church services mentioned in the title. The main character, Charles, is a well-to-do young man, probably educated at public school, and clearly a member of the professional classes, although we never actually discover what his job is. The film starts with a wedding at which Charles is best man to Angus, one of his old friends, and at which he meets Carrie, an attractive young American woman. The film then"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ images about DR. STRANGELOVE on Pinterest | Stanley ... 1000+ images about DR. STRANGELOVE on Pinterest | Gentleman, Comedy and Poster [PAR] Dr. Strangelove (1964) Columbia Pictures Corporation \u201cGentlemen, you can\u2019t fight in here! This is the War Room!\u201d \u2014 Peter Sellers as President Merkin Muffley [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] The Zone \u2022 View topic - The Zone's 2009 Movie Journal The Zone \u2022 View topic - The Zone's 2009 Movie Journal [PAR] The Zone's 2009 Movie Journal [PAR] by Nachokoolaid on Tue Dec 23, 2008 10:31 pm [PAR] If you're completely lost, refer to last year's thread: [PAR] http://zone.aintitcool.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=69886 [PAR] And as per previous years, try to only post once on the first page or so. This will allow more people to have journals. [PAR] Also, I'd like to see more discussion this year, a la the \"What are you watching now\" thread. In fact, this thread could totally take the place of a thread like that since both threads are similar. [PAR] If you're not going to participate, don't post. PM me any questions. [PAR] Let the games begin. [PAR] FAQS: [PAR] Bloo wrote: [PAR] I should probably look at last years is this any movies (in theatres, on DVD, TCM, HBO, etc) or just in the theatres [PAR] Everyone does it differently, but I list all films I see (theatre, DVD, TV, whatever). And I usually differentiate first time viewings from the others, by making them bold (although this year, I think I'll make them a different color altogether, because the \"new\" Zone's bold font sucks. [PAR] *** Also, don't forget to list your best/worst of each month and give us a little reason as to why you chose what you did. [PAR] _______________________________________ [PAR] First time viewings in BLUE all others in GREEN. [PAR] January [PAR] 9: [PAR] 1. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring - I can't think of a better way to start the year. Sure, there are flaws here, but I'll put this film against any created, ever, and there would at least be a good argument over which was better. And thank GOD Connery turned down the role of Gandalf. McKellan was perfect. Jackson's masterpiece, and certainly the best of the three LOTR films. 10/10. [PAR] 10: [PAR] 2. Jumper - Not as bad as I had heard. Any film that uses a double-decker bus in a HAND TO HAND fight is pretty damn cool. Yeah, I think Anakin struggles to carry a film, but I loved the concept, and the execution wasn't terrible. 7/10 [PAR] 3. Step Brothers - Ferrell and Dewey Cox are funny, but this wasn't as good as Anchorman (as I had heard). The line that had me rolling the most was a exclamatory \"SHUT THE FUCK UP!\" from the dad. I guess it was really the first time anyone cussed in the film, and it was great comedic timing. Funny, but not amazing. 6/10. [PAR] 18: [PAR] 4. Shrek - I love this movie. It clicks on a lot of levels, and I honestly think that the absence of John Lithgow's character hurt the other films. Absolutely love the scene between him and the Gingerbread man. 9/10 [PAR] 28: [PAR] 5. Man on Wire - I don't see a lot of documentaries, but this was entertaining. It was cool to see someone so passionate and dedicated about something and it was neat how they pulled it off. And the nudity at the end didn't hurt the score. 7/10 [PAR] 29: [PAR] 6. The Evil Dead - You can tell Raimi"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Cases of TV Shows Having Characters With the Same Name ... 10 Cases of TV Shows Having Characters With the Same Name - CraveOnline [PAR] CraveOnline [PAR] 10 Cases of TV Shows Having Characters With the Same Name [PAR] There are an infinite number of names out there. Why did these shows choose the same ones? [PAR] Aug 19th, 2014 [PAR] same name tv characters, eric forman that '70s show, eric foreman house [PAR] For laughs, TV shows occasionally introduce two characters with the same name to stir things up. Examples include \"The Adventures of Pete & Pete,\" Sean and Shawn on \"Rescue Me,\" and Homer Simpson and Det. Homer Simpson on \"The Simpsons.\" But less intentional and more hilarious is when two entirely separate shows pull the same stunt. [PAR] Eric Forman/Eric Foreman from \"That '70s Show\"/\"House M.D.\" [PAR] These two shows couldn't have less to do with each other when it comes to their subject matter, but like many examples on this list, they appeared on the same network. In this case, it was FOX. While that might not seem like the biggest deal in the world, keep in mind the shows were also on during the same time period. Even though the character of Eric Forman from \"That '70s Show\" left the series at the end of the seventh season, there were 18 episodes where he was still on the show as \"House M.D.\" began its first season, and that's not even including his appearance in the Season 8 finale. [PAR] same name tv characters, dr. shephard lost, dr. shepherd grey's anatomy [PAR] Dr. Shephard/Dr. Shepherd from \"Lost\"/\"Grey's Anatomy\" [PAR] It may be a little soon in the list to be making exceptions, but bear with us, as this one comes a bit more full circle in the next slide for you sticklers out there. Yes, we are aware that the Dr. Shephard we are referring to from \"Lost\" went by Jack more often than not, and the \"Grey's Anatomy\" Dr. Shepherd even spelled his name a little differently, but again, these were two show on the same network (ABC) running at the same time. You'd think they'd be on the lookout for stuff like this considering both were immensely popular, too. [PAR] same name tv characters, dr. mark sloan, diagnosis murder, grey's anatomy [PAR] Dr. Mark Sloan from \"Diagnosis Murder/\"Grey's Anatomy\" [PAR] Boom. Full circle. It turns out Dr. Shepherd wasn't the only repeat name on \"Grey's Anatomy.\" This time, there isn't even a spelling difference, and the characters are both legitimate medical doctors. Sure, their audiences were of two completely different demographics and the shows themselves weren't even on the same network, nor did they air at the same time, but come on. \"Diagnosis Murder\" was on the air for eight seasons and Dr. Sloan was THE main character. Couldn't the other Dr. Sloan have easily been given at least a different first name? [PAR] same name tv characters, sarah walker, brothers & sisters, chuck [PAR] Sarah Walker from \"Brothers & Sisters\"/\"Chuck\" [PAR] Again, here are two shows that didn't necessarily appeal to the same crowd or appear on the same network, but had lead characters by the same name, regardless. In this example's defense, however, Sarah Walker is a very common name. Still, how hard is it to look around your writer's room and ask \"Hey, do any shows currently have a character named Sarah Walker on them?\" You'd think that SOMEBODY would speak up at that point, but maybe they simply didn't care. [PAR] same name tv characters, lyla garrity,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fugitive (1993) - IMDb The Fugitive (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Dr. Richard Kimble, unjustly accused of murdering his wife, must find the real killer while being the target of a nationwide manhunt. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 03 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 19 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Fugitive \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 11 wins & 28 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Hijackers seize the plane carrying the President of the United States and his family, but he - an ex-soldier - works from hiding to defeat them. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] US Marshal Samuel Gerard (Jones) and his team of Marshals are assigned to track down Sheridan (Snipes), who has been accused of a double-murder. [PAR] Director: Stuart Baird [PAR] When CIA Analyst Jack Ryan interferes with an IRA assassination, a renegade faction targets him and his family for revenge. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] CIA Analyst Jack Ryan is drawn into an illegal war fought by the US government against a Colombian drug cartel. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] A lawyer becomes a target by a corrupt politician and his NSA goons when he accidentally receives key evidence to a serious politically motivated crime. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] In November 1984, the Soviet Union's best submarine captain in their newest sub violates orders and heads for the USA. Is he trying to defect or to start a war? [PAR] Director: John McTiernan [PAR] A young Amish boy is sole witness to a murder; policeman John Book goes into hiding in Amish country to protect him until the trial. [PAR] Director: Peter Weir [PAR] A mild-mannered chemist and an ex-con must lead the counterstrike when a rogue group of military men, led by a renegade general, threaten a nerve gas attack from Alcatraz against San Francisco. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] A young police officer must prevent a bomb exploding aboard a city bus by keeping its speed above 50 mph. [PAR] Director: Jan de Bont [PAR] In order to foil an extortion plot, an FBI agent undergoes a face-transplant surgery and assumes the identity and physical appearance of a ruthless terrorist, but the plan turns from bad to worse when the same criminal impersonates the cop. [PAR] Director: John Woo [PAR] Newly paroled ex-con and former U.S. Ranger Cameron Poe finds himself trapped in a prisoner transport plane when the passengers seize control. [PAR] Director: Simon West [PAR] A police officer uncovers the real identity of his house-guest, an I.R.A. terrorist in hiding. [PAR] Director: Alan J. Pakula [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A well respected Chicago surgeon Dr. Richard Kimble has found out that his wife, Helen, has been murdered ferociously in her own home. The police found Kimble and accused"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star Trek McCoy, Leonard H. Star Trek McCoy, Leonard H. [PAR] STARFLEET HISTORICAL FILE: McCoy, Leonard H. [PAR] Mid-level Biography Brief Mode [PAR] Full Name: Leonard H. McCoy, M.D. [PAR] Year of birth: 2227 [PAR] Parents: Mr. and Mrs. David McCoy [PAR] Education: University of Mississippi, 2245-49; medical school, 2249-53 [PAR] Marital status: Divorced [PAR] Quarters: Original Enterprise : 3F 127 [PAR] Starfleet Career Summary [PAR] 2266 \u2013 As lieutenant commander, named chief medical officer under Capt. James T. Kirk [PAR] 2270 \u2013 Retires to private medical practice [PAR] 2271 \u2013 Returns to duty under Starfleet reactivation clause, promoted to commander as chief medical officer on refit U.S.S. Enterprise for V'Ger mission [PAR] 2285 \u2013 As Academy medical faculty and training instructor, forced into Genesis mission; detained over leaks regarding secret Genesis Project [PAR] 2286 \u2013 Charged but cleared with shipmates in theft of U.S.S. Enterprise [PAR] 2287 \u2013 Returns to active Enterprise service under Kirk [PAR] 2293 \u2013 Participated in Khitomer peace mission after liberation from Klingon Rura Penthe prison [PAR] 2364 \u2013 As retired admiral, gave inspection tour of Galaxy-class U.S.S. Enterprise upon departure [PAR] Nicknamed 'Bones' by his longtime friend and commander, Captain James T. Kirk, McCoy replaced Mark Piper as chief medical officer in 2266 on one of the ship's five-year missions but clearly became the most renowned of its CMOs. By that first year he had already won the commendations of the Legion of Honor, awards of valor, and was decorated by Starfleet Surgeons. [PAR] His temperament was sometimes argumentative, a cynic's outer crustiness masking deep caring beneath the surface. His \"old South\" roots led to the old-time physician manner of doctoring, with a Southern accent that was most apparent when under stress. He distrusts transporter technology and travels by shuttlecraft whenever possible. [PAR] McCoy was married once and later divorced, a relationship never discussed except for his one daughter, Joanna, who later graduated from nursing school. In the era before ship's counselors, McCoy played his role as psychologist expertly to the hilt \u2014 especially for the ship's two senior officers. As such an emotional watchdog he was not afraid to take on his captain, but it was his running battle of wits with Spock which became legendary. Spock showed his true feelings, though, as when inviting McCoy down to Vulcan for his \"wedding\" and in storing his katra with him before a known suicidal saving of their ship before the Genesis detonation. [PAR] McCoy contracted the always-fatal xenopolycythemia and retired from Starfleet in 2369 to spend his remaining days on the asteroid ship, Yonada , and that world's high priestess, Natira \u2014 whom he soon married. By exploring Yonada's computers, Spock found a cure for xenopolycythemia and McCoy left Natira to return to the service. Earlier, McCoy had been infected with the strange 'aging' virus that infected the Gamma Hydra IV landing party. [PAR] After the U.S.S. Enterprise's triumphant return from its five-year mission, McCoy retired from Starfleet, grew a beard and went into virtual seclusion with a rural practice, only to be forced back to duty by Kirk and Admiral Nogura when V'Ger threatened Earth in 2271. After that he continued through the years of renewed Enterprise service with Kirk until at least the Khitomer peace talks of 2293, having survived imprisonment with him on trumped-up charges at the Rura Penthe mining prison when he could not revive assassinated Klingon Chancellor Gorkon . Spock's deposit of his katra in 2285 had nearly driven McCoy crazy and landed him in Starfleet detention until the refusion took place, whereupon he delighted in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] See the Cast of ' The Sixth Sense' Then and Now See the Cast of 'The Sixth Sense' Then and Now [PAR] See the Cast of 'The Sixth Sense' Then and Now [PAR] May 31, 2013 @ 7:23 AM [PAR] Buena Vista [PAR] In 1999, M. Night Shyamalan entered the scene with his directorial debut, 'The Sixth Sense.' Starring Bruce Willis in one of the most acclaimed roles of his storied career, the film is a chilling tale of a boy who sees dead people with an infamous third act twist. With Shyamalan's ' After Earth ' hitting theaters this week, let's take a trip back to where it all began and check out the cast of 'The Sixth Sense' then and now. [PAR] Bruce Willis, Malcolm Crowe [PAR] Buena Vista/Getty Images [PAR] Then: After shutting down production of 'The Broadway Brawler' by firing the director himself, Bruce Willis owed Disney two films -- 'The Sixth Sense' was one of them, and writer/director M. Night Shyamalan wrote the character of Dr. Malcolm Crowe with Willis in mind. Willis was paid $10 million for the part, which was half of his usual pay. [PAR] Now: It's a good thing Willis owed Disney some work because 'The Sixth Sense' is one of his most iconic roles, right alongside the 'Die Hard' franchise. Speaking of which, Willis recently reprised his role in a fifth 'Die Hard' film, ' A Good Day to Die Hard .' At the age of 58, he still kicks butt as an action star. You can see him next in 'Red 2.' [PAR] Haley Joel Osment, Cole Sear [PAR] Buena Vista/Getty Images [PAR] Then: The role of Cole Sear was originally turned down by 'Henry Fool' and 'Stepmom' star Liam Aiken -- too bad for him because it's the role that made young Haley Joel Osment a big deal. Shyamalan cast young Osment because he was impressed that he was the only kid who wore a tie to his audition, and had stayed up the night before to read the entire script three times. [PAR] Now: Osment went on to star in 'Pay It Forward' and 'A.I.: Artificial Intelligence.' He hasn't been acting in front of the camera much in recent years, but he had a guest spot on a recent episode of 'It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia,' and has two films in the works. [PAR] Toni Collette, Lynn Sear [PAR] Buena Vista/Getty Images [PAR] Then: Australian actress Toni Collette auditioned for the role of Lynn as an afterthought, and didn't even realize it was a horror film until filming was completed. [PAR] Now: Collette has starred in a bunch of stuff -- most notably as the mom in 'Little Miss Sunshine' and as the lead character in the tragically short-lived Showtime series 'United States of Tara.' You can see her next in the indie flick 'The Way, Way Back.' [PAR] Olivia Williams, Anna Crowe [PAR] Buena Vista/Getty Images [PAR] Then: British actress Olivia Williams had gained prior fame for her work in 'The Postman' and 'Rushmore' before signing on to play Anna, the wife of Bruce Willis' Malcolm in 'The Sixth Sense.' [PAR] Now: Williams starred in two big films last year: 'Anna Karenina' and 'Hyde Park on Hudson,' the latter of which reunited her with 'Rushmore' co-star Bill Murray. [PAR] Donnie Wahlberg, Vincent Grey [PAR] Buena Vista/Getty Images [PAR] Then: Former New Kids on the Block member Donnie Wahlberg (brother of Mark, of course) lost 43 pounds for the small but crucial role of Vincent Grey in the film. [PAR] Now: Wahlberg recently reunited with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hugh Laurie - House Wiki - Wikia Hugh Laurie | House Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Episode [PAR] All Episodes [PAR] \"All heroic deeds require a cost otherwise they\u2019re not really heroic. There has to be a dragon, there has to be risk, there has to be pain\u2026and he endures that pain, and fights that dragon. And he pays that price in lots of different ways. And he pays it for the sake of seeking out this bigger truth.\" [PAR] \u2015Hugh Laurie about House [PAR] James Hugh Calum Laurie OBE (born June 11, 1959) is a Golden Globe-winning English actor, comedian, musician and writer. Laurie is best known in the United Kingdom, Australia and parts of Europe for his roles in Blackadder and for his long-running comedy collaboration with Stephen Fry which has included A Bit of Fry and Laurie and Jeeves and Wooster . In the United States, he is best known for playing Dr. Gregory House on House, M.D. . [PAR] In 2006 and 2007, Laurie won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Television Drama and won the 2007 SAG Award in the same category, all for his work in House, MD. In 2005 and 2007-2011, he was nominated for an Emmy Award for the role. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Laurie was born in Oxford in 1959. His father, William George Ranald Mundell \"Ran\" Laurie , was a doctor and also won an Olympic gold medal in the coxless pairs at the 1948 London Games. [PAR] Laurie was brought up in Oxford and attended the Dragon School, a prestigious preparatory school. He later went on to Eton and then to Selwyn College, Cambridge, where he achieved a Third-Class Honors degree (roughly the equivalent of a \"C\" average for a four-year program in the United States) in archaeology and anthropology. Laurie later admitted that the only reason he chose Cambridge was that it gave him a chance to keep rowing (he was a world class junior rower at Eton) and he read archeology because it gave him plenty of time to row. [PAR] Like his father, Laurie was a rower at school and university; in 1977, he was half of the junior coxed pair that won the English national title before representing England's Youth Team at the 1977 World Championships. Later, he also achieved a Blue taking part in the 1980 Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. Cambridge lost that year by five feet (1.5 m). Laurie is a member of the Leander Club, one of the oldest rowing clubs in the world. [PAR] Forced to abandon rowing during a bout of glandular fever (mononucleosis), he joined the Cambridge Footlights, which has been the starting point for many successful British comedians. There he met Emma Thompson , with whom he had a romantic relationship and is still good friends. She introduced him to his future comedy partner, Stephen Fry . Laurie, Fry and Thompson later parodied themselves as the University Challenge representatives of \"Footlights College, Oxbridge\" in \"Bambi\", an episode of The Young Ones, with the series' co-writer Ben Elton completing their team. In 1980\u201381, his final year at university, Laurie managed to find time alongside his rowing to be president of the Footlights, with Thompson as vice-president. They took their annual revue, The Cellar Tapes, written principally by Laurie and Fry, the cast also including Thompson, Tony Slattery, Paul Shearer and Penny Dwyer, to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and won the first Perrier Comedy Award for comedy. [PAR] Career [PAR] Hugh Laurie - Inside the Actor's Studio (Part 1) [PAR] Hugh Laurie"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rafiki - The Lion King - Wikia Rafiki | The Lion King Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201d [PAR] Rafiki presents Simba to the animals [PAR] Rafiki first appears at the presentation of Simba. All the gathered animals make way for him, and some even bow with respect, while he returns the salute with a smile. Greeting one another on top of Pride Rock, Mufasa and Rafiki embrace as close friends. They then come to Sarabi , who shows her newborn child, Simba, to Rafiki. Rafiki smiles at him and starts to perform a ceremony over the future king. First, he lifts his stick above Simba's head, and Simba tries to catch it with his little paws. Then Rafiki breaks a piece of fruit in two parts and smears its juice on Simba's forehead. He then sprinkle a small amount of dust on his head and takes the little prince in his arms, carrying him to the edge of Pride Rock, where he raises him so all the animals can see him. When the ceremony ends, Rafiki returns home to his tree . There, as it rains, Rafiki drafts a stylized picture of Simba on his tree, chuckling to himself and murmuring the cub's name, \"Simba.\" [PAR] Rafiki realizes Simba is alive [PAR] A few months later, Scar brings news that Mufasa and Simba were killed in a stampede of wildebeests . Rafiki also hears the news and comes close enough to Pride Rock to see Scar take the throne and let the hyenas, mortal enemies of the lions, come to Pride Rock. Rafiki sighs sadly, mourning Mufasa, Simba, and the old kingdom. He soon returns to his tree and runs his hand over his drawing of Simba, blotting him out of the Circle of Life . [PAR] Years into Scar's reign, Rafiki sits on the crown of his tree and grabs a pile of leaves, dirt, grass, and flower petals that's floating on the breeze. He takes the mixture into an empty turtle shell and investigates it until he realizes that it contains traces of Simba, who is supposed to have been dead for several years. At first, Rafiki is confused by this new knowledge, but he soon runs to his smeared drawing and, realizing that Simba is now a young adult lion, draws him with a thick red mane. Getting ready to help Simba to take his place in the Circle of Life, Rafiki exclaims, \"It is time!\" [PAR] \"It means you are a baboon, and I'm not!\" [PAR] After a few days of travel, Rafiki finds a young adult Simba in the jungle . Simba does not remember Rafiki, as he had been too young when he last saw the baboon. That evening, Simba, in a bad mood, makes a face at Rafiki as the baboon tries to attract his attention by singing a song. Simba moves away from him, but Rafiki constantly monitors him, and Simba asks him if he can cut out his song. Rafiki replies, \"Can't cut it out. It'll grow right back!\" An offended Simba again moves away from Rafiki, calling him a \"creepy little monkey,\" but Rafiki again follows him. [PAR] Simba asks Rafiki to stop following him and then demands to know who he is. Rafiki asks Simba who he is, and Simba admits that he himself is no longer so sure. Rafiki says that he knows who Simba is but that it's a secret. When Simba comes near him, Rafiki chants his song in the young lion's ear. Simba snarls and asks him what it even"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Aristocats - Disney Wiki - Wikia The Aristocats | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Plot [PAR] Title Card for The Aristocats [PAR] In Paris, France , in 1910, a mother cat named Duchess and her three kittens -- Marie , Berlioz and Toulouse -- live in the mansion of retired opera singer Madame Adelaide Bonfamille , along with her English butler, Edgar Balthazar . She early on settles her will with her lawyer, Georges Hautcourt - an aged, eccentric old friend of hers - stating that she wishes the \"faithful\" Edgar to look after her beloved cats until they die. Only then will he inherit the fortune himself. Edgar hears this from his own room and believes he will be dead before he inherits Madame Adelaide's fortune, and so plots to remove the cats from a position of inheritance (clearly not thinking about how he would be essentially in control of the fortune, despite having to take good care of them). [PAR] Edgar sedates the cats by putting an entire bottle of sleeping pills into their food and then heads out into the country side to dispose of them. However, two hound dogs named Napoleon and Lafayette attack him. After the conflict, Edgar escapes, leaving behind his umbrella, hat, the cats' bed-basket and the sidecar of his motorcycle in the process. The cats are left alone and afraid in the countryside, while Madame Adelaide, Roquefort the Mouse and Frou Frou the horse discover their absence. In the morning, Duchess meets an alley cat named Thomas O'Malley , who offers to guide her and the kittens to Paris. [PAR] They have a struggle returning to the city, briefly hitchhiking on the back of a milk cart before being unfortunately chased off by the driver. Marie subsequently falls into a river and is saved by O'Malley. They then meet a pair of British white geese, Amelia and Abigail Gabble, who are travelling to Paris. The group head off, marching like geese, until they reach Paris and come across the girls' drunken Uncle Waldo. Abigail and Amelia then depart to take Waldo home. Travelling across the rooftops of the city, the cats meet Scat Cat and his band, close friends to O'Malley, who perform the song Everybody Wants to Be a Cat . After the band have departed and the kittens lie in bed, O'Malley and Duchess spend the evening on a nearby rooftop and talk, while the kittens listen at a windowsill. The subject of their conversation is the question of whether Duchess can stay and be with Thomas. [PAR] Reluctantly, Duchess sadly turns him down, largely out of loyalty to Madame Adelaide, pointing out that Madame really does love her and her kittens - some cuts to Madame Adelaide show that she truly is very unhappy without her cats, and feeling very much alone. The listening kittens are disappointed, although they too wish to go home. Edgar, meanwhile, retrieves his sidecar, umbrella, and hat from Napoleon and Layafette with some difficulty. [PAR] The cats make it back to the mansion, whereupon O'Malley departs sadly after he and Duchess have heartfelt farewell moment. Edgar sees Duchess and Kittens coming and suddenly captures them, places them in a sack and briefly hides them in an oven. The cats tell Roquefort to pursue O'Malley and get help. He does so, whereupon O'Malley races back to the mansion, ordering Roquefort to find Scat Cat and his gang. Edgar places the cats in a trunk which he plans to send to Timbuktu, Africa so they can never come back. O'Malley,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Bug's Life - Disney Wiki - Wikia A Bug's Life | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cAn epic presentation of miniature proportions.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Tagline [PAR] A Bug's Life is a 1998 computer-animated Disney / Pixar movie. The film is loosely inspired by the fable \"The Ant and the Grasshopper\" and the classic samurai film The Seven Samurai, it is the second Pixar movie and tells the story of an outcast inventor ant named Flik ( Dave Foley ), who recruits a group of circus bugs he mistakes for warriors when his colony is threatened by a group of grasshoppers. It is the second animated The film was directed by John Lasseter and co-directed Andrew Stanton . The movie takes place during 1995 , the same year Toy Story was released. [PAR] The film was widely acclaimed from both critics and audiences and, was a box office success, grossing $363 million worldwide against its $120 million budget. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Plot [PAR] Every year, a colony of ants is expected to harvest food for a biker-gang-like bunch of grasshoppers. One ant, Flik , is an inventor whose creations usually do more harm than good. While trying out a mechanical harvester, he drops his machine and on auto-pilot, it knocks the pile of food into a stream just before the grasshoppers arrive. Their leader, Hopper , gives the ants the rest of the season to make good on what they owe, but orders a double ration of food after Flik stands up to him in defense of the Queen's youngest daughter Dot , who then couldn't fly, due to haven't sprouted her wings yet. Flik is admonished by the colony's royal council. When Flik suggests that he try to recruit some \"warrior bugs\" to fight the grasshoppers, Princess Atta (Dot's older sister and the eventual successor to the Queen) allows him to do so, but only to keep him out of the way. [PAR] Reaching the insect \"city\" (actually a pile of garbage), Flik encounters a troupe of unemployed circus bugs whose latest performance has just ended in disaster. He mistakes them for the warriors he needs. At the same time, they believe him to be a talent scout who wants to book their act. They return to the colony, much to Atta's surprise, and are immediately greeted as heroes who can end the grasshopper threat. Atta soon becomes suspicious after overhearing a conversation where both Flik and the troupe realize their mistakes. However, after they band together to save Dot from a hungry bird, she begins to think that the troupe may be able to stop the grasshoppers after all. She also starts to find herself falling in love with Flik and the feeling is mutual. [PAR] At the grasshopper gang's hideout, Hopper's brother Molt suggests they do not go back since they have more than enough food stored and the weather will soon turn bad. Hopper reminds him and the gang that if they do not keep the ants living in fear, the ants might use their superior numbers (\"a hundred to one,\" he estimates) to run the grasshoppers out of the colony for good. The gang sets out for the island to collect their due. When Flik discovers that Hopper is afraid of birds (due to him almost getting eaten by one years ago), he proposes that the colony build a model bird to scare him away (the plan is presented by the circus bugs, so the royal council believes the \"warriors\" came up with the idea). The ants"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of Disney theatrical animated features - Disney Wiki ... List of Disney theatrical animated features | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] List of Disney theatrical animated features [PAR] 40,858pages on [PAR] Share [PAR] The following is a list of animated feature films produced and/or released by The Walt Disney Company or its predecessor, Walt Disney Productions. The lists have been broken down categorically by sub-studio, etc. [PAR] Walt Disney Studios began work on animated short films in 1923. Then, in 1938, the studio released its first feature-length animated film with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , and has hence continued to produce shorts, featurettes, and feature films to this day. Throughout the years, the studio has expanded its reach. Between collaborating with other studios to co-produce films to The Walt Disney Company distributing animated features produced by other companies, Walt Disney Studios no longer produces all their animated content under the Disney banner. Their most recent film, Moana , released in 2016, marks the studio's 56th feature-length animated film. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Walt Disney Animation Studios [PAR] Please do not move these films from one portion of this list to another. In particular, do not add other films to the Walt Disney Animation Studio (WDAS) films portion of the list UNLESS Disney has announced a new WDAS production. What is and what isn't in the official canon has already been fixed; as the official WDAS can be found here. [PAR] Any of the following are *not* part of the official WDAS canon: [PAR] Pixar films, whether made before or after Disney acquired Pixar . (Pixar remains a separate production unit within Disney. There have been no WDAS/Pixar co-productions as of 9/28/2011; if there is one, its inclusion in the list will have to be determined then.) [PAR] Marvel films, whether made before or after Disney acquired Marvel. The only exception to this is Big Hero 6 , which has already been added to the list, and was produced by WDAS. [PAR] Muppets or Bear in the Big Blue House films, whether made before or after Disney acquired those properties from The Jim Henson Company. (WDAS has not made any Muppet or Bear films as of 9/28/2011; if WDAS produces a fully-animated Muppet or Bear film in the future, it may be added to the list.) [PAR] Any other puppet films, even if produced by Disney. [PAR] Any animated films that have often been mistaken to have been made by Disney, but are not: Anastasia (produced by Fox Animation Studios & distributed by 20th Century Fox), Quest for Camelot or The Iron Giant (both produced by Warner Bros. Feature Animation & distributed by Warner Bros.), etc. [PAR] Live action Disney films that include animated bits or sequences (even if produced by WDAS), such as Song of the South , Mary Poppins , Bedknobs and Broomsticks , Pete's Dragon , Who Framed Roger Rabbit and Enchanted . Those are listed below in another section. However, Fantasia , Saludos Amigos , The Three Caballeros , Make Mine Music , Fun and Fancy Free , Melody Time , The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad , The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh , Fantasia 2000 , Chicken Little , Winnie the Pooh , and Dinosaur all have live-action settings, characters, and animated characters that are (sometimes) officially included in the canon. [PAR] Films distributed, but not produced by Disney, such as The Wild . Those are listed below in other sections. [PAR] The following is a list of the animated films that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tom Jones - IMDb Tom Jones - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Doctor Strange Confirmed to Appear in \u2018Thor: Ragnarok\u2019 [PAR] 18 hours ago [PAR] Soundtrack | Actor [PAR] Tom Jones was born Thomas Jones Woodward in Pontypridd, South Wales, to a traditional coal-mining family, the son of Freda (Jones) and Thomas Woodward. His father was of English descent and his mother was of Welsh and English ancestry. He began singing at an early age in church and in the school choir. Left school at 16 and was married, having a ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] \"No Small Parts\" IMDb Exclusive: \"Westworld\" Star Thandie Newton [PAR] Actress Thandie Newton has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance as Maeve in the HBO's \" Westworld .\" What other significant parts has she played over the years? Visit IMDb's Golden Globes section for red-carpet photos, videos, and more. [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 08 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 13 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 people [PAR] created 06 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 17 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 people [PAR] created 03 Jun 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Tom Jones's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 2 wins. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2016 Meet the Parents (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Episode #1.1 (2016) ... (performer: \"Sex Bomb\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Lorraine (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) [PAR] 2016 Match of the Day: Euro 2016 (TV Mini-Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Wales vs. Belgium (2016) ... (performer: \"The Soul of a Man\" - as Sir Tom Jones) [PAR] 2016 Lucifer (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - St. Lucifer (2016) ... (performer: \"It's Not Unusual\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Vinyl (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Claire Danes/Ron Howard/Logic (2015) ... (performer: \"It's Not Unusual\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2007-2016 Doctors (TV Series) (performer - 3 episodes) [PAR] - Roadkill (2016) ... (performer: \"It's Not Unusual\", \"Help Yourself\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Unkindness of Strangers (2011) ... (performer: \"What Good Am I?\" - uncredited) [PAR] - White Lie (2007) ... (performer: \"You Can Leave Your Hat On\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Dafabet Masters (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) [PAR] - 2016: Day 3, Part 1 (2016) ... (performer: \"Delilah\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Och\u00e9ntame... otra vez (TV Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - A\u00f1o nuevo, vida nueva (2016) ... (performer: \"It's Not Unusual\") [PAR] 2015 Conan (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Tom Jones/Oliver Hudson (2015) ... (performer: \"Elvis Presley Blues\") [PAR] 2015 Supernatural (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] 2015 Our Brand Is Crisis (performer: \"Puppet Man\") [PAR] 2015 Seriesly (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Thunderball (2015) ... (performer: \"Thunderball Thunderball\") [PAR] - Episode #6.11 (2014) ... (performer: \"Delilah\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2015 The Mentalist (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - White Orchids (2015) ... (performer: \"It's Not Unusual\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2015 The 57th Annual Grammy Awards (TV Special) (performer: \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\") [PAR] 2015 Dark Horse (Documentary) (performer: \"Green, Green Grass of Home\") [PAR] 2009-2014 Rude Tube (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) [PAR] - Planet Fail (2014) ... (performer: \"It's Not Unusual\" - uncredited) [PAR] - All Things Weird & Wonderful (2009) ... (performer: \"She's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Toy Story \"Andy\" bottom of the foot tattoo - YouTube Toy Story \"Andy\" bottom of the foot tattoo - YouTube [PAR] Toy Story \"Andy\" bottom of the foot tattoo [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 3, 2015 [PAR] Tattooed \"ANDY\" on the bottom of my foot like Woody and the rest of the toys have in the Toy Story movies. [PAR] Because I like Toy Story. [PAR] And because I like to think that I'm funny. [PAR] Listen to Brothers:[DOC] [TLE] Pull-String Talking Woody Doll: \"There\u2019s a Snake in My ... Pull-String Talking Woody Doll: <i> \"There\u0092s a Snake in My Boot!\"</i> - Read expert review at epinions.com [PAR] Pros: Authentic-looking, easy pull-string [PAR] Cons: Gets dirty easily, limited phrases [PAR] Though all three of my kids are big \"Toy Story\" fans, my youngest son (age 2) is completely obsessed with the videos and the characters. During our two week vacation last Christmas, he requested to watch \"Buzz Lightyear\" (his name for the Toy Story 2 video) at least four times a day. I think it must have given him a sense of familiarity and security as he had to adjust to unfamiliar places and routines. [PAR] Given his preoccupation with Toy Story characters, I was pleased that I had the foresight to buy my son a Pull-String Talking Woody Doll during our November trip to Disneyland (which we took without him since he?s terrified of life-size animated characters). He got the doll for Christmas and Woody has been entertaining our family ever since. [PAR] Meet Sheriff Woody [PAR] The Pull-String Talking Woody Doll from ThinkWay is 16 inches tall and is meant to resemble Andy's favorite cowboy toy in the movies, Toy Story and Toy Story 2. Woody has a large smiling plastic head (with a rather pointy nose) and brightly-opened eyes. His long thin hands, big brown cowboy boots with spurs, removable brown cowboy hat, and brown holster are plastic as well. The rest of Woody is plush fabric toy. He's dressed in blue jeans, a yellow and red checked shirt with big silver buttons, a black and white vest, a red bandana around his neck, and a shiny gold sheriff badge on his vest. [PAR] Woody's legs are very long in proportion to his body. Because they are stuffed with polyester fill, he can't stand upright for more than a second or so. He can be propped into a sitting position, though. Also, as in the movie, Woody's head can turn around 360 degrees. [PAR] So What Does He Do Beside Sit There and Smile? [PAR] He talks. Woody has a large white hoop on his back connected to a pull-string. When you pull it out and let go of it, Woody says one of 5 phrases: [PAR] ~ \"Howdy partner!\" [PAR] ~ \"Yeeha, cowboy!\" [PAR] ~ \"There's a snake in my boot!\" [PAR] The pull string is very easy for any child to operate and therefore has minimal frustration potential (always a good thing in our house). [PAR] Tucked inside a velcro closed pouch in Woody's back is a battery compartment, held closed with a tiny Phillips head screw. This toy takes two AAA batteries (included). We're still running strong on the original set of batteries after 4+ months. [PAR] Play Time With Woody"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caterham Seven @ Top Speed Caterham Seven @ Top Speed [PAR] Caterham launches Caterham Signature, the company\u2019s first personalization program [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Ciprian Florea + [PAR] Arguably one of the most iconic sports car ever built, the Seven has been around for nearly six decades. Launched in 1957 by Lotus, the marque was later purchased by Caterham, which introduced its very own take on the roadster in 1973. Although Caterham refined the design, introduced new materials, and better engines, the Seven soldiered on into the 21st century mostly unchanged, being built on the same recipe that automotive genius Colin Chapman outlined in the 1950s. [PAR] The current Seven lineup includes no fewer than six road-going models, but Caterham has also launched several special-edition roadsters in recent years. In October 2016, the British firm unveiled yet another special Seven, dubbed Harrods Edition. As the name suggests, it is inspired by Britain\u2019s upmarket department store, but what\u2019s more important here is that the Harrods Edition marks the debut of Caterham Signature, the company\u2019s first personalization program. [PAR] Available exclusively at Harrods, the Harrods Edition includes a host of special features which \"demonstrate the breadth of options new Caterham buyers can add to their vehicles.\" Extra features include paint colors and designs, dashboard and interior styling, embroidery, and even the color of the chassis. [PAR] \"The Caterham Seven has always been one of the easiest cars on the road to personalize, because every car is hand-built and bespoke for each customer. But now we\u2019ve formalized the personalization options available to our customers into the Caterham Signature program, which will outline the almost infinite combinations of options you can select. You can even have your name stitched into the seat,\" said David Ridley, Caterham\u2019s chief commercial officer. [PAR] Continue reading to learn more about the Caterham Seven Harrods Special Edition. [PAR] All 60 units of the retro-inspired Seven are gone [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Ciprian Florea + [PAR] Earlier this month, Caterham unveiled the Sprint, a limited-edition of the Seven paying tribute to the original car built by Colin Chapman in the 1950s. Only a week has passed since the Sprint revealed its retro-inspired look to the world, and all 60 units have been sold, making it one of the quickest-selling sports cars launched in recent years. [PAR] The achievement is that much more impressive given that Caterham sells around 500 cars per year, which means that the Sprint helped the company sell more than 10 percent of its annual sales figure in just a week. And all this while the Sprint, which is based on the entry-level Seven 160, was priced at \u00a327,995, or as much as a more powerful, better equipped Seven 420. [PAR] \"We have been overwhelmed with the response to the Sprint. We knew of course it was a great product but the reaction we got is unprecedented. It\u2019s been the perfect scene-setter to our 60 Years of Seven celebrations,\" said David Ridley, Caterham\u2019s chief commercial officer. [PAR] Despite all 60 units being already accounted for, customers may still have a chance to purchase a Sprint. According to the brand, not all have been sold to customers, with a few examples set to be delivered to British and European dealers. While this may be great news for enthusiasts that didn\u2019t manage to place an order in time, the remaining Sprints are likely to be sold with a massive premium. It has happened in the past with rare, limited-edition models, and the Seven Sprint is likely to have a similar fate. [PAR] Continue reading for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Magnificent Seven (1960) - IMDb The Magnificent Seven (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An oppressed Mexican peasant village hires seven gunfighters to help defend their homes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] new and ongoing cinema releases, Us/Can, from Jan 13 [PAR] 13 January 2017 2:39 PM, -08:00 | www.flickfilosopher.com [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 01 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 20 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 09 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 4 weeks ago [PAR] Title: The Magnificent Seven (1960) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 1 win & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Seven gunmen in the old west gradually come together to help a poor village against savage thieves. [PAR] Director: Antoine Fuqua [PAR] Three survivors of the initial Magnificent Seven outfit, Chico, Chris and Vin, recruit four new members in order to re-form the outfit and defend a few Mexican villages from attacks by vicious bandits. [PAR] Director: Burt Kennedy [PAR] A poor village under attack by bandits recruits seven unemployed samurai to help them defend themselves. [PAR] Director: Akira Kurosawa [PAR] During World War II, a rebellious U.S. Army Major is assigned a dozen convicted murderers to train and lead them into a mass assassination mission of German officers. [PAR] Director: Robert Aldrich [PAR] Allied prisoners of war plan for several hundred of their number to escape from a German camp during World War II. [PAR] Director: John Sturges [PAR] A wandering gunfighter plays two rival families against each other in a town torn apart by greed, pride, and revenge. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] Marshal Chris Adams turns down a friend's request to help stop the depredations of a gang of Mexican bandits. When his wife is killed by bank robbers and his friend is killed capturing the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: George McCowan [PAR] A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] An all guts, no glory San Francisco cop becomes determined to find the underworld kingpin that killed the witness in his protection. [PAR] Director: Peter Yates [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A bandit terrorizes a small Mexican farming village each year. Several of the village elders send three of the farmers into the United States to search for gunmen to defend them. They"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World - Ancient History ... Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World - Ancient History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World [PAR] Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World [PAR] Author [PAR] Sevens Wonders of the Ancient World [PAR] URL [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The amazing works of art and architecture known as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World serve as a testament to the ingenuity, imagination and sheer hard work of which human beings are capable. They are also, however, reminders of the human capacity for disagreement, destruction and, possibly, embellishment. As soon as ancient writers compiled a list of \u201cseven wonders,\u201d it became fodder for debate over which achievements deserved inclusion. Ultimately, human hands joined with natural forces to destroy all but one of the wonders. Furthermore, it is possible that at least one of the wonders might not have existed at all. Still, all seven continue to inspire and be celebrated as the remarkable products of the creativity and skill of Earth\u2019s early civilizations. [PAR] Google [PAR] Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt [PAR] The Great Pyramids, located at Giza on the west bank of the Nile River north of Cairo, are the only wonder of the ancient world that has survived to the present day. The three pyramids\u2013Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycerimus)\u2013were built between 2700 B.C. and 2500 B.C. as royal tombs. The largest and most impressive is Khufu, which covers 13 acres and is believed to contain more than 2 million stone blocks that weigh from two to 30 tons each. For more than 4,000 years, Khufu reigned as the tallest building in the world. In fact, it took modern man until the 19th century to build a taller structure. Amazingly, the nearly symmetrical pyramids were built without the aid of modern tools or surveying equipment. Scientists believe that the Egyptians used log rollers and sledges to move the stones into place. The sloped walls, which were intended to mimic the rays of Ra, the sun god, were originally built as steps, and then filled in with limestone. The interior of the pyramids included narrow corridors and hidden chambers in an unsuccessful attempt to foil grave robbers. Although modern archeologists have found some great treasures among the ruins, they believe most of what the pyramids once contained was looted within 250 years of their completion. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The Colossus of Rhodes was an inspiration for the Statue of Liberty. [PAR] Hanging Gardens of Babylon [PAR] According to ancient Greek poets, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were built near the Euphrates River in modern-day Iraq by the Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar II around 600 B.C. The gardens were said to have been planted as high as 75 feet in the air on a huge square brick terrace that was laid out in steps like a theater. The king allegedly built the towering gardens to ease his lover Amytis\u2019 homesickness for the natural beauty of her home in Media (the northwestern part of modern-day Iran). Later writers described how people could walk underneath the beautiful gardens, which rested on tall stone columns. Modern scientists have deduced that for the gardens to survive they would have had to be irrigated using a system consisting of a pump, waterwheel and cisterns to carry water from the Euphrates many feet into the air. Though there are multiple accounts of the gardens in both Greek and Roman literature, none of them are firsthand, and no mention of the gardens has been found in Babylonian cuneiform inscriptions. As"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Waisale Serevi - Achievements - Rugby Sevens - IRB Sevens ... Waisale Serevi - Achievements - Rugby Sevens - IRB Sevens World Series [PAR] Waisale Serevi - Achievements - Rugby Sevens - IRB Sevens World Series [PAR] IRB Sevens World Series [PAR] The following is a list of IRB Sevens tournaments Serevi has participated in as a player. He is the series' second highest points scorer overall with 1310 points (79 tries, 457 goals). The list excludes Hong Kong legs, these are listed separately below. Those years in bold indicate Fiji won the tournament. [PAR] Adelaide : 2007 [PAR] London : 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 [PAR] Paris : 2006 [PAR] Wellington : 2000, 2002, 2006, 2007 [PAR] USA : 2006, 2007 [PAR] Read more about this topic: Waisale Serevi , Achievements , Rugby Sevens [PAR] Other articles related to \"irb sevens world series, series, sevens, world, irb sevens, irb\": [PAR] Rugby Union In New Zealand - International Competition - IRB Sevens World Series [PAR] ... The IRB Sevens World Series, held annually since 1999-2000, is a series of several international tournaments, currently nine, featuring full international sevens teams ... have been the dominant team throughout the series' history, winning the first six editions (2000\u20132005), and again in 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2011 ... New Zealand hosts one leg, the New Zealand International Sevens, at Westpac Stadium in Wellington ... [PAR] Waisale Serevi - Sevens Career - 2005\u20132007: Player-coach [PAR] ... that year in an attempt to play for Fiji in the 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens ... On returning to Fiji, Serevi said \"My goal is to go to the World Cup\" ... Led by Serevi, Fiji qualified for the quarter-finals of the Sevens World Cup at Hong Kong, with pool victories over Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan and Portugal ... [PAR] IRB Sevens World Series - Points Schedule [PAR] ... The IRB introduced a new scoring system for the 2011\u201312 series, in which all teams participating in a tournament are guaranteed points ... Initially, the IRB announced the new points schedule only for the standard 16-team events the allocations for the Hong Kong Sevens were announced later ... Starting with the 2012\u201313 series, all events except the London Sevens will have 16 teams competing for series points ... [PAR] Latvia National Rugby Union Team - Rugby World Cup Record [PAR] ... United States Wales Non-high performance teams that have appeared at the Rugby World Cup Georgia Ivory Coast Namibia Portugal Russia Spain Uruguay Zimbabwe Non-high performance teams with no Rugby World Cup ... Germany Yugoslavia International rugby union competitions Governing bodies IRB ARFU CAR CONSUR FIRA\u2013AER FORU NACRA Worldwide Men World Cup World Cup Sevens Junior World Championship Junior ... [PAR] Famous quotes containing the words series, world and/or sevens: [PAR] \u201cGalileo, with an operaglass, discovered a more splendid series of celestial phenomena than anyone since.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enid Blyton - The Secret Seven Enid Blyton - The Secret Seven [PAR] In Defence of the Secret Seven [PAR] Article by Hari Menon (September 11, 2006) [PAR] Secret Seven! The name evokes disdain or contempt among many readers who are otherwise ardent fans of Enid Blyton. What did this ragtag band of four boys, three girls and one dog do to arouse such revulsion? [PAR] Okay, maybe I exaggerated. But for most of us the Secret Seven happens to be the least revered series in Blyton's canon. Is this because the books were written for a younger set of readers? Could it be the smaller format? The perpetual scowl on the face of their highhanded leader, perhaps? [PAR] I expect all these factors do contribute to the\u2014undeserved, if you ask me\u2014negative reputation the Secret Seven has among many Blyton fans. [PAR] And is it mere coincidence that the letters 'SS' have historical connotations that are not exactly pleasant? The series was written between 1948 and 1963, so such an 'inspiration' is not entirely far-fetched. But I think it unlikely\u2014Blyton doesn't seem the sort who would take a sly dig at her own characters, even as a joke. [PAR] So, is the series really as juvenile as it's made out to be? Do the Seven have any redeeming qualities? Let's find out. [PAR] Cast of Characters [PAR] Peter: The head of the Secret Seven, Peter's word is Absolute Law. He usually decides the passwords, and seldom forgets them, unlike the others. Indeed, the easiest way to irk him is to forget the password or the SS badge (which others do with predictable regularity). Though he often acts like a dictator, he is annoyingly proved right on most occasions. The secret meetings are held in a shed at the bottom of the garden, some distance from his house. [PAR] Janet: Peter's sister. Co-owner of the shed and Scamper the golden spaniel, but that ends her stake in the Secret Seven. She comes across as a little brighter than the other two girls in the club (in one instance she sensibly makes a drawing of some tyre prints when the other girls only titter), but that's probably because she's constantly under Peter's thumb and doesn't dare to giggle quite so frequently. Her urge to dance in the moonlight comes in useful while trapping horse stealers on one occasion. [PAR] Jack: Jack is one of the more colourful characters. He's apparently second-in-command (though this is mentioned only once or twice in the books). He's also disappointingly gullible sometimes. In Secret Seven on the Trail, he believes the tall tales his sister Susie and her friends make up. He also forgets the Secret Seven password with exasperating regularity; indeed, Susie seems to remember it better than he does! To his credit, he is as brave and loyal as a right-hand man can be. [PAR] Pam: One of the two gigglers in the club. Perhaps her sole contribution to the club is when she \"interviews\" her grandmother in Three Cheers Secret Seven (and misspells the word \"absolutely\" in the process). She's a great friend of Barbara, for obvious reasons. Either of them is sportingly ready for a good cry when Peter starts shouting\u2014at them or one of the others, it doesn't matter. [PAR] Barbara: Giggles, squeals and shrieks come naturally to Barbara, as they do to Pam. Indeed, you can't easily tell one from the other. Perhaps that's why Derek Lucas' illustrations show Pam in pigtails, while Barbara leaves her hair free. I used to consider her very pretty in those illustrations when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seven Dials Mystery (TV Movie 1981) - IMDb Seven Dials Mystery (TV Movie 1981) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Lady Eileen 'Bundle' Brent a pert, aggressive young aristocrat insinuates herself into a series of murders, stolen state secrets, and a mysterious secret society. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Agatha Christie (novel), Pat Sandys (adapted from the novel by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 09 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 22 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 216 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 416 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 1303 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2015 [PAR] Title: Seven Dials Mystery (TV Movie 1981) [PAR] 6.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] While golfing on the Welsh coast, Bobby Jones apparently hits a stranger who falls off the the sea cliff. His enigmatic last words are \"Why didn't they ask Evans?\" [PAR] Directors: John Davies, Tony Wharmby [PAR] Stars: Francesca Annis, John Gielgud, Bernard Miles [PAR] Partners in Crime (TV Series 1983) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR] Agatha Christie's husband-and-wife sleuthing team take on a series of short whodunit mysteries. [PAR] Stars: Francesca Annis, James Warwick, Reece Dinsdale [PAR] Thirteen at Dinner (TV Movie 1985) [PAR] Crime | Mystery | Thriller [PAR] An American movie actress, best known for playing dumb blondes, is Scotland Yard's prime suspect when her husband, Lord Edgware, is murdered. The great detective, Hercule Poirot, digs deeper into the case. [PAR] Director: Lou Antonio [PAR] At a reception for a fading film star making a screen comeback, a gushing, pushy fan is poisoned by a drink apparently meant for the actress. [PAR] Director: Norman Stone [PAR] Murder with Mirrors (TV Movie 1985) [PAR] Crime | Mystery | Romance [PAR] When Carrie Louise Serrocold suspects that someone is trying to poison her, she sends for the one person who might be able to help - her old friend Miss Marple. [PAR] Director: Dick Lowry [PAR] Faced with two false confessions and numerous suspects after a despised civil magistrate is found shot in the local vicarage, Detective Inspector Slack reluctantly accepts help from Miss Marple. [PAR] Director: Julian Amyes [PAR] When a handful of grain is found in the pocket of a murdered businessman, Miss Marple seeks a murderer with a penchant for nursery rhymes. [PAR] Director: Guy Slater [PAR] The Secret Adversary (TV Movie 1983) [PAR] Adventure | Crime | Drama [PAR] After two old friends accidentally meet and resolve to become investigators for hire, they quickly become embroiled in a missing treaty and a Bolshevik conspiracy. [PAR] Director: Tony Wharmby [PAR] An unusual announcement in the newspaper leads the curious villagers to Miss Blacklock's home, where they become witnesses to a murder. [PAR] Stars: Joan Hickson, Ursula Howells, Samantha Bond [PAR] Amateur detective Miss Jane Marple investigates the murder of a young woman whose body is found in the library at Gossington Hall, home of Colonel and Mrs. Arthur Bantry. [PAR] Stars: Joan Hickson, Debbie Arnold, John Bardon [PAR] When Miss Marple is invited to the manor house"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Se7en (1995) - IMDb Se7en (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 16 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 02 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 26 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 07 May 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Se7en \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 25 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Demme [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] A thief, who steals corporate secrets through use of dream-sharing technology, is given the inverse task of planting an idea into the mind of a CEO. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. [PAR] Director: Frank Darabont [PAR] A computer hacker learns from mysterious rebels about the true nature of his reality and his role in the war against its controllers. [PAR] Directors: Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski [PAR] Stars: Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss [PAR] When the menace known as the Joker wreaks havoc and chaos on the people of Gotham, the caped crusader must come to terms with one of the greatest psychological tests of his ability to fight injustice. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] Following the Normandy Landings, a group of U.S. soldiers go behind enemy lines to retrieve a paratrooper whose brothers have been killed in action. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] With the help of a German bounty hunter, a freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal Mississippi plantation owner. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. [PAR] Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth [PAR] Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth [PAR] An undercover cop and a mole in the police attempt to identify each other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Orac (Computer) | Blakes 7 Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Orac (Computer) | Blakes 7 Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Physically Orac took the form of a transparent box, easily portable, within which the components of the device were visible. Ensor used a reinforced carrying case to transport it, but later owners were not so careful. Orac was not especially robust and was damaged in the explosions inside Servalan 's base on Terminal , and again later when Xenon Base was similarly sabotaged. A key needed to be inserted in order for Orac to operate. [PAR] Orac had a number of unusual abilities. It was capable of many other feats in conjunction with the systems of a starship; the ones listed are those it appeared to achieve using only its own resources. [PAR] Remote Computer Access [PAR] Edit [PAR] Orac's abilities mainly revolved around its abilities to instantaneously access the tarial cells of other computers and either access information or control them remotely. It could take control of and reprogram Zen and other computers of the System in addition to Federation computer systems. [PAR] The full extent of this ability seemed to fluctuate drastically - at no time did the crew attempt to use Orac to shut down or interfere with the systems of attacking Federation vessels, which theoretically would have been possible for it. [PAR] This signals used in this ability passed through the same dimension as that of some telepathy - as Orac did not consciously use this dimension it was at risk of telepathic takeover. Orac's own personality was suppressed by the more powerful signals of Muller's android , which had an identical ability. [PAR] Communications [PAR] Edit [PAR] Orac's signals were the fastest means of communication in the Federation and were used as such by Jenna to warn Space Command of the threat posed by the Andromedan invasion. [PAR] On other occasions Orac was used to simulate or decode various different signals, although the decoding ability also seemed to come and go with the passage of time. [PAR] Predictive Ability [PAR] Edit [PAR] Orac's name seems to be derived from Oracle, and Orac claimed to be able to predict the future with great accuracy. While its initial prediction (the apparent destruction of the Liberator at a particular point in space) did indeed come to pass, Orac itself manipulated events to bring this about, and at least one other prediction (concerning the reinstitution of the Federation's shipbuilding programme) was proven wrong. If Orac really could predict the future with consistent accuracy, the crew made remarkably little use of this power. [PAR] Self-Miniaturisation [PAR] Edit [PAR] In order to help Avon and Vila defraud the casinos of Freedom City , Orac revealed the rather unexpected ability to shrink itself through 'stabilised atomic implosion'. It could remain at one-eighth of its normal size for a little over two hours. [PAR] Value [PAR] Edit [PAR] Ensor 's asking price for Orac was 100 million credits, but in Servalan 's opinion (and Ensor's own) it was worth ten times as much. Both Belkov and Egrorian seemed well aware of Orac's value and were willing to take it as payment in a deal (equally aware of its utility, Avon planned to supply Egrorian with a replica!). [PAR] History [PAR] Edit [PAR] Orac was built by Ensor on the planet Aristo . Ensor planned to exchange it for 100 million credits and a new power supply for his bionic heart, but he died after Servalan reneged on the deal. Afterwards it came into the possession of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Nose Day | Comic Relief Red Nose Day | Comic Relief [PAR] Red Nose Day [PAR] RED NOSE DAY [PAR] Red Nose Day is back on Friday 24th March 2017 and we'd love you to join us. [PAR] RED NOSE DAY [PAR] Red Nose Day is back on Friday 24th March 2017 and we'd love you to join us. [PAR] Go to rednoseday.com [PAR] What is Red Nose Day? [PAR] Since its launch in 1988, Red Nose Day has become something of a British institution. It\u2019s the day, every two years, when people across the land can get together and do something funny for money at home, school and work. [PAR] There\u2019s a fantastic night of TV on the BBC, with comedy and entertainment to inspire the nation to give generously. [PAR] Comic Relief spends the money raised by Red Nose Day to help people living tough lives across the UK and Africa."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 14 year-by-year Red Nose Day highlights - Homepage - Toyota 14 year-by-year Red Nose Day highlights [PAR] Home > Latest News > 14 year-by-year Red Nose Day highlights [PAR] 14 year-by-year Red Nose Day highlights [PAR] February 17, 2015 [PAR] comments (0) | Add your comment [PAR] This year, Toyota is an official partner to Red Nose Day , the day, every two years, when people across the country get together and do something funny for money at home, school and work. [PAR] We take a look back at some of the highlights from the 14 Red Nose Days that have gone before this year\u2019s event. [PAR] 1988 [PAR] The first Red Nose Day took place in 1988 and raised \u00a315 million. [PAR] Mel and Kim sang the official Red Nose Day song \u2013 Rockin\u2019 around the Christmas tree \u2013 sales from which totalled \u00a376,610. [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Red Nose Day 2 took place in 1989. It was the first and last year that the event did not occur biennially. The second Red Nose Day was a much larger affair than the first, with 20 million people partaking in 70,000 activities across the UK. [PAR] On the night, Rowan Atkinson stole the show by appearing in a satirical mash-up of Newsnight and Mastermind entitled \u2018Nosenight Mastermember\u2019, which has become infamous for placing \u2018The Belgians\u2019 at the centre of a number of historical events. [PAR] 1991 [PAR] Nicknamed \u2018The Stonker\u2019 because the supporting single by Hale and Pace was entitled \u2018The Stonk\u2019, Red Nose Day 1991 raised \u00a320 million and is notable for gifting us the legendary French and Saunders ABBA sketch, called \u2018C\u2019est La Vie\u2019. [PAR] 1993 [PAR] Unquestionably the \u2018year of the nose\u2019, Red Nose Day 1993 saw sales of the nasal adornment sore to 3,307,000. According to Comic Relief, 72% of people in the UK took part in Red Nose Day 1993 in some capacity! [PAR] Interactivity shaped the entertainment output of Red Nose Day for the first time in 1993. A live studio audience was invited to vote on each consecutive scene of a special edition of perennially po-faced BBC 1 hospital drama Casualty. The results were predictably chaotic and rib-tickling. [PAR] 1995 [PAR] One of the highlights of Red Nose Day 5 was Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer sinking 75 pints while singing the Harry Nilsson classic Without You. The pair\u2019s efforts weren\u2019t in vain though, contributing to a fundraising total of \u00a322m. [PAR] 1997 [PAR] Girl power reigned supreme in 1997, so it was fitting that one of the highlights of Red Nose Day 6 was a terrific pastiche of Spice Girls hit Who do you think you are? featuring comedy titans Dawn French, Jennifer Saunders and Kathy Burke. [PAR] \u00a327m was raised in 1997, at the time the largest amount from Red Nose Day. [PAR] 1999 [PAR] Referred to internally as \u2018The Record Breaker\u2019, Red Nose Day 1999 didn\u2019t just beat 1997\u2019s total \u2013 it absolutely eclipsed it. An astonishing \u00a335m was raised and hundreds of Guinness World Records were both broken and set, including the record for the most naked people on stage at one time, 101. [PAR] 2001 [PAR] \u2018Say pants to poverty\u2019 was the message behind Red Nose Day 2001. Members of the Great British public were encouraged to don their undergarments and wear them with pride on top of their outerwear. 2001 was also the year in which Ali G conducted his famous interview with Posh and Becks. In all, \u00a361m was raised. [PAR] 2003 [PAR] For Red Nose Day 2003, Comic Relief introduced perhaps one of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beatles Covers List - wmin.ac.uk Beatles Covers List [PAR] Songs of The Beatles covered by other artists [PAR] Last revised: 27th September 2000 [PAR] This list of Beatle covers is divided into several parts. Part I lists those songs that were recorded by The Beatles themselves. Part II lists tribute albums- that is, albums consisting mostly or entirely of Beatle songs. Part III contains songs written by Lennon/McCartney during the Beatle years that were given to other artists; covers of songs from the solo (post-Beatle) era; and songs written or co-written by Lennon/McCartney/Harrison/Starr for other artists in the post-Beatle era. Part IV lists those songs that well-known artists have performed live, but never released. Part V, which listed parodies and other oddities, has been deleted. A list of this material is available here [PAR] Part V is a small start on the way of listing covers of solo works. [PAR] Part VI lists BOGUS COVERS, songs which appear to be Beatles' covers, but which are not. [PAR] I don't claim that this list is anywhere near complete- I am still tracking down other sources for this information. Even the information here is somewhat incomplete. If you have any additions/corrections to make to the list, please use the Automatic Covers Add Page . Or, E-MAIL (not post) them to Ross Clement at clemenr@westminster.ac.uk . [PAR] Also, note that the above statement was actually written by Scott Galuska (see below), and it's still very true several years later. [PAR] This list was originally devised and built by Scott Galuska previously of the University of Delaware. Most thanks are due to him, I've a long way to go before I have equalled the effort he put in. [PAR] Finally, this resourse is available both on the web, and is distributed (with html commands stripped)manually to new rec.music.beatles readers. If you received this file manually but would like to see the web page, point your reader at: http://www.wmin.ac.uk/~clemenr/covers/covers.html. [PAR] Also, at this point may I give public thanks to everyone who has contributed to this list, but especially to Ron Reed of Canada, who has single-handedly added hundreds of lines of new covers. [PAR] Index [PAR] Here are some quick indexes to help you find the song you want. [PAR] Bogus Beatles' Covers [PAR] PART I [PAR] The following is a list of cover songs that The Beatles themselves recorded and released. Those songs that were re-recorded by John/Paul/George/Ringo for their own solo albums have been omitted here (such as the covers by Paul on [PAR] Give My Regards To Broadstreet [PAR] ). [PAR] For each song, I've arranged each entry chronologically, when such information is known to me. When the date is not known, I've listed the artist and source (when known). [PAR] Songs that are omitted here may have appeared on compilations/tribute albums (such as Aerosmith's [PAR] Come Together [PAR] ). Those songs may be found in part II . [PAR] Title Artist Source Year ----- ------ ------ ---- A Day In The Life Wes Montgomery A Day In The Life 1967 Brian Auger & Trinity Definitely What 1969 Lighthouse One Fine Light 1971 Eric Burdon & War Love is All Around 1976 Robyn Hitchcock Live Death promo 1992 Sting Demolition Man 1993 Shirley Bassey This Is Shirley Bassey A World Without Love World Party Ruby Trax comp 1992 A Hard Day's Night Gary McFarland single 1964 Santo & Johnny single 1964 Peggy Lee In the name of love 1964 Peter Sellers single 1965 Ramsey Lewis Trio single 1966 Billy Preston Wildest organ in town 1966 Chet Atkins Chet Atkins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French and Saunders - Red Nose Day 2003 - Comic Relief's ... French and Saunders - Red Nose Day 2003 - Comic Relief's The Big Hair Do [PAR] Wednesday, 19 February 2003, 9.16 PM [PAR] Harry Potter and the Secret Chamberpot of Azerbaijan [PAR] To those who say, \"It's about darn tootin' time they did a Harry Potter sketch,\" French and Saunders give Harry Potter And The Secret Chamberpot Of Azerbaijan. [PAR] It's the big sketch that's making waves well ahead of Red Nose Day on March 14th, in which Dawn French is the magical Harry Potter and Jennifer Saunders becomes gurning comic foil Ron. [PAR] Jeremy Irons slips into the black robes of Professor Snape, who is played by Alan Rickman in the Warner Bros. movies. The two actors played baddie brothers across the Die Hard series of films. [PAR] Ronnie Corbett limbers up to play giant Hagrid, Basil Brush plays Dobby the house elf and the whole caboodle was directed by Adrian Edmondson."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Press Office - Comic Relief: The Big One BBC - Press Office - Comic Relief: The Big One [PAR] It's the Big One! Red Nose Day 2007 is set to be the biggest ever with the cream of comedy and entertainment jumping on board to show their support and bring to you the hottest entertainment extravaganza ever! [PAR] [PAR] The show just gets bigger and bigger with comedy heavyweights including Ricky Gervais, Catherine Tate, Simon Pegg and Nick Frost, Little Britain, Mitchell and Webb, Mighty Boosh and Sacha Baron Cohen. [PAR] [PAR] What else will you see? Well, deep breath... [PAR] [PAR] This year will see the biggest roll call of top presenters ever! Jonathan Ross, Russell Brand, Lenny Henry, Davina McCall, Graham Norton, Chris Evans, Paul O'Grady, Fearne Cotton and Kate Thornton will be beaming live into your living room on a night guaranteed to keep you glued to your couch. [PAR] [PAR] You can see Kate Moss make an appearance as Vicky Pollard's sister in Comic Relief Does Little Britain Live and Dennis Waterman finally meets his mini version and gets to sing the theme tune! [PAR] [PAR] You'll be wiping away the tears of laughter and sadness when Dawn French dons the collar one final time, and it really is the last one, in a special Vicar Of Dibley written by Richard Curtis and featuring an A-list visitor to the village \u2013 the one and only Sting. [PAR] [PAR] Richard Curtis also got behind the camera to film a brand new Mr Bean sketch especially for the Big One. This time the loveable yet clumsy Bean finds himself at the wedding of an unsuspecting couple played by Michelle Ryan and Matthew MacFadyen. Expect mishaps and mayhem as well as a very angry father of the bride played by David Haig. [PAR] [PAR] Catherine Tate has teamed up with Lenny Henry and Doctor Who star David Tennant as well as some other surprise guests for some un-missable new sketches. [PAR] [PAR] Of course it wouldn't be Red Nose Day without some of your favourite TV shows getting the Comic Relief treatment. [PAR] [PAR] Tune in to see the conclusion of Comic Relief Does The Apprentice - two teams will be battling it out in a Sir Alan Sugar style girls v boys showdown. [PAR] [PAR] Doing their very best not to be fired or even get torn off a strip in the boardroom will be Cheryl Cole, Rupert Everett, Maureen Lipman, Jo Brand, Ross Kemp, Trinny Woodall, Alastair Campbell, Karren Brady, Piers Morgan and Danny Baker. [PAR] [PAR] The two hottest girl bands on the planet have teamed up for this year's official Red Nose Day single. Sugababes and Girls Aloud will be releasing their version of the Run DMC/ Aerosmith classic Walk This Way. Expect an electrifying performance from the girls on the night! [PAR] [PAR] Comic Relief Does Fame Academy is back by popular demand and only two celebrities will be left standing and rasping to battle it out and follow in Edith Bowman's footsteps to win the viewers' votes, raise some cash and be crowned champion. [PAR] [PAR] Presenters Patrick Kielty and Claudia Winkleman will be on hand to protect them from the judges' comments. Sparks and microphones will fly... [PAR] [PAR] Harry Hill will provide us with a special Comic Relief themed TV Burp, Armando Ianucci presents his worst moments from Comic Relief while Simon Pegg and Nick Frost present their favourite Red Nose Day clips. [PAR] [PAR] The Mighty Boosh bring their own brand of anarchic humour live to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Comic Relief: Behind the Nose (1995) - IMDb Comic Relief: Behind the Nose (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Comic Relief: Behind the Nose ( 1995 ) [PAR] 7h 5min [PAR] a list of 56 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Title: Comic Relief: Behind the Nose (1995\u2013 ) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] 17 March 1995 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Company Credits [PAR] Comedy can build a bridge [PAR] 16 March 2007 | by Chip_douglas [PAR] (Rijswijk, ZH, Netherlands) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] As usual comic relief started early in the afternoon during Children's BBC, with a special new 'Flashing Blade' spoof by the team behind the 1988 Saturday Morning Show \"On the Waterfront\". Russel T. Davies, now known as the man behind the Doctor Who revival wrote 'em and Andrew O'Connor, Terry Randall, Kate Copstick and Bernadette Nolan dubbed all the voices over footage of the 1967 series \"Le Chevalier Temp\u00eate\". This stuff had been quite popular in 1988, but unfortunately, 7 years later, nobody in the youthful audience remembered back that far, meaning the Flashing Blade fell flat. Of course the actual festivities did not begin until seven O' clock and this night the Red noses turned orange and a whopping 22 million pounds were raised to be spend on various good causes within and without Great Brittain. [PAR] Instead of the usual comic single, a serious ballad version of \"Love Can Build A Bridge\" was released, performed by the unlikely trio of Chrissie Hynde, Cher and Neneh Cherry. To a nation of novelty song lovers, this must have come as a bit of a shock, but the song did play especially well during the films outlining the various causes, like Billy Connolly in Mozambique and Victoria Wood in Zimbabwe. On the less serious side, the Slobs (Harrie Enfield and Kathy Burke) appeared on Masterchef. Reeves and Mortimer seemed to take up an hour by drinking 75 pints while trying to sing \"I Cant Live If Living Is Without You\". French and Saunders did some more time at the big Red Nose table, during which Dawn French got to live out her fantasy by giving Hugh Grant an enormous smacker, while wearing some sort of copy of the dress Liz Hurley wore to the premiere of \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\", earning her a place in celebrity land forever. Hugh did not do bad out of it either, and neither did Comic Relief leader Richard Curtis. [PAR] Other highlights included Zo\u00eb Ball getting splatted with gunge (she deserved it). The Comic Relief Special was Charles Dickin's long lost sequel \"Oliver II - Let's Twist Again' (shown in three parts) and there was a funny 'spot the famous faces' music video shown throughout the night featuring all sorts of famous people performing 'Old Macdonald'. To fill in during the nine O' Clock news, BBC 2 showed a rather lackluster compilation of the Best of BBC comedy featuring all the usual clips that are always shown in these sort"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trigger - Biography - IMDb Trigger - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (6) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] Golden Cloud [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Trigger, Roy Rogers ' beautiful Golden Palomino stallion, and co-star with Roy in many of his movies and Roy's TV show, was often billed as \"the smartest horse in the movies\". [PAR] The two of them appeared in dozens of westerns in the 1930s and 40s, always chasing and thwarting the bad guys, and working to serve peace and justice. [PAR] Trigger even shared the movie title with Roy on two occasions: My Pal Trigger (1946) and Trigger, Jr. (1950). [PAR] Trigger started life out as Golden Cloud (1932). His sire was a thoroughbred horse that had raced at Caliente Track, and his dam was a cold-blooded palomino. Trigger was foaled on a small ranch in the San Diego area which was partly owned by Bing Crosby . The manager of that ranch was Roy Cloud, a breeder originally from Noblesville, Indiana. At around 3 years of age, Golden Cloud was sold to the Hudkins Stables, which rented horses to the movie industry. Golden Cloud's first major appearance was in the movie, The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) where he was ridden by Olivia de Havilland . When Gene Autry failed to report for work at Republic Pictures, Roy Rogers found himself cast in the lead role for Under Western Stars (1938). Before filming began on Under Western Stars (1938), Hudkins Stables brought their best lead horses to the studio so Roy could select a mount. As Roy recalled it, the third horse he got on was a beautiful golden palomino who handled smoothly and reacted quickly to whatever he asked it to do. [PAR] Roy said of Golden Cloud \"He could turn on a dime and give you some change\". [PAR] Smiley Burnette , who played Roy's sidekick in his first two films, was watching and mentioned how quick on the trigger this horse was. Roy agreed and decided that Trigger was the perfect name for the horse. Roy purchased the horse for $2,500 and eventually outfitted it with a $5,000 gold/silver saddle. [PAR] Roy was proud of the fact that throughout his more than 80 films, the 101 episodes of his television series, and countless personal appearances, Trigger never fell. [PAR] Roy once said that \"he felt that Trigger seemed to know when people were watching him and that he recognized applause and just ate it up like a ham!\" [PAR] Trigger won a Patsy award for the role in Son of Paleface (1952) & the 1958 Craven award winner. He was so popular that at one time, he even had his own fan club with members from all over the world. On July 3, 1965, at the Rogers ranch in Hidden Valley, California, Trigger, at age 33, passed away. Roy was reluctant to \"put him in the ground\", so Rogers had the horse mounted in a rearing position by Bishoff's Taxidermy of California. The rest of his remains are buried in Thousand Oaks, California on one of Roy's former ranches. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Roy Rogers Jr. [PAR] Trivia (6)[DOC] [TLE] Trigger - \"The Smartest Horse in the Movies\" - Happy Trails Trigger - \"The Smartest Horse in the Movies\" [PAR] Trigger [PAR] \"The Smartest Horse in the Movies\" [PAR] By [PAR] Illustrations [PAR] Soon after Roy Rogers signed a contract with Republic and before he began production of his first film, he started searching for a suitable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tex Ritter - Biography - IMDb Tex Ritter - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Tex Ritter [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (19) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Tex Ritter was born on January 12, 1905 in Murvaul, Texas, USA as Woodward Maurice Ritter. He was married to Dorothy Fay . He died on January 2, 1974 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 14 June 1941 - 2 January 1974) (his death) (2 children) [PAR] Trivia (19) [PAR] Singer, father of John Ritter . [PAR] His spouse, Dorothy Fay , was his leading lady in many of his western features. [PAR] In his later years, he was a disk jockey on Nashville radio. [PAR] In 1970, he ran unsuccessfully in Tennessee for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate. [PAR] Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1964. [PAR] Grandfather of Jason Ritter . [PAR] Had a long string of hit singles on Billboard's country charts -- including the No. 1 hits \"I'm Wasting My Tears on You\" (1944); \"You Two-Timed Me Once Too Often\" (1945); and \"You Will Have to Pay\" (1946). Other famous hits included \"Deck of Cards\" (1948) and \"I Dreamed of a Hillbilly Heaven\" (1961). [PAR] \"You Two-Timed Me Once Too Often\" was Billboard's No. 1 country hit of the year in 1945. [PAR] Inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1980. [PAR] Veteran character actor Morgan Woodward 's uncle, Dr. S. A. Woodward, lived in the San Angelo, Texas area. One day, he was called to help in the birth of a male child. The family, not knowing what gender was expected, had not chosen a name, so in honor of the good doctor's service, they named him Woodward Ritter. Later, he would be known more widely as \"Tex\" Ritter. [PAR] Profiled in \"Back in the Saddle: Essays on Western Film and Television Actors\", Gary Yoggy, ed. (McFarland, 1998). [PAR] His horse in his earlier movies was called White Flash . [PAR] Grandfather of Stella Ritter . [PAR] Buried in Port Neches, Texas. [PAR] He was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at 6631 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. [PAR] Woodward Maurice \"Tex\" Ritter came from a long line of Texas horsemen. His grandfather Benjamin Franklin Ritter (1834-1902) was a Confederate officer (2nd lieutenant) in Company F the 37th Texas Cavalry (Terrel's) during the War between the States. Benjamin saw action in the saddle in Texas and Louisiana. [PAR] Singing-cowboy star of \"B\" westerns during the 30's and 40's and later country-music recording star. [PAR] Salary (3)[DOC] [TLE] Tex Ritter's White Flash - The Old Corral at b-westerns.com Tex Ritter's White Flash [PAR] Special thanks to John Grier for sharing the photos below of Tex Ritter's trusty steed White Flash. John writes: [PAR] \"... some photos taken about 1954 of White Flash, the horse owned and ridden by Tex Ritter. The photos were taken at the home of Johnny Western in Northfield, Minnesota. Northfield is home to the Defeat of Jesse James Celebration. Tex served as Grand Marshall for the parade. He brought White Flash and the trainer of the horse. Johnny's folks owned a small place just outside of Northfield and White Flash was boarded there. As a close family friend, my family was invited to visit and see White Flash and meet Tex. The photos show Johnny Western, Johnny's sister Teddy, and the trainer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lone Ranger rode Silver, but what was the name of ... The Lone Ranger rode Silver, but what was the name of Tonto's horse? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] The Lone Ranger rode Silver, but what was the name of Tonto's horse? [PAR] Robert [PAR] Tonto rode a paint, or pinto, called Scout. [PAR] William Dunlap, Hamden, Connecticut USA [PAR] Tonto's horse was called Scout. When the Lone Ranger shouted \"Hi-ho, Silver-away!\" Tonto would mumble \"Get-um up, Scout\". [PAR] Phil Usher, Copenhagen, Denmark [PAR] Scout [PAR] Anthony Cox, Denver, U.S.A [PAR] Further on the name of Tonto's horse. He was named Scout in the TV series, but was apparently called White Feller in the early Lone Ranger novels. Originally, Tonto rode double with the Lone Ranger on Silver. After a publicity photo was taken of the Lone Ranger and Tonto this way, WXYZ wisely decided to give Tonto his own steed. Scout was originally supposed to be solid white like Silver, but when they made the movie serials they realized that it would make Silver less impressive that way, so Scout was changed. This information from Largent's Lone Ranger Page [PAR] Jeremy Bechelet, Telford [PAR] In one infamous episode, Tonto referred to his horse (Scout) as Bazzlegette. [PAR] Brent Quigley, Halifax, USA [PAR] In listening to early radio shows, Tonto called his horse \"Paint Horse\" [PAR] Bob K., South Bend, IN United States [PAR] Scout.[DOC] [TLE] Lone Ranger FAQ - Endeavor Comics Lone Ranger FAQ [PAR] What is Tonto's horse's name? [PAR] Tonto's horse is named \"Scout.\" He's a spotted palamino or \"paint.\" [PAR] Originally, Tonto rode double with the Lone Ranger on Silver. After a publicity photo was taken of the Lone Ranger and Tonto this way, WXYZ wisely decided to give Tonto his own steed. [PAR] Scout was originally supposed to be solid white like Silver, but when they made the movie serials they realized that it would make Silver less impressive that way, so Scout was changed. [PAR] Despite rumors to the contrary, Scout was always named Scout. [PAR] The Lone Ranger's nephew, Dan Reid rode the son of Silver, Victor. [PAR] Correction: Hunter Hampton (HHamp5246@aol.com) mailed me to say that Scout is actually a Pinto (bay and white.) [PAR] Correction#2: It appears that Scout *did* have another name, well sort of. According to Wes Tom (Wwtom@aol.com), Scout was called \"White Feller\" in the early Lone Ranger novels. You can decide whether or not that counts. [PAR] Is Kemosabe a real word? What does it really mean? [PAR] Kemosabe (or any of the other various spellings) *is* a real word. It's from the language of the Potowatomie Indians. The Potowatomie Indians lived in and around Michigan. (The Lone Ranger originated at WXYZ in Detroit.) One of the shows' producers, Jim Jewell, had a father-in-law who ran a boy's camp named \"Camp Kee-mo-sah-bee.\" [PAR] Kemosabe means \"faithful friend\" or \"trusty scout.\" [PAR] Isn't it true that Tonto means \"fool\" in Spanish? [PAR] This *is* true, but it was not that meaning that was intended by the producers of the show. [PAR] There are two versions of the story. [PAR] Fran Striker told the Saturday Evening Post that he invented Tonto's name and that it was picked by merely alterring the consanants in the name Bobo. (This was a caveman character Striker had created in another radio program.) [PAR] Jim Jewell says that Striker was remembering wrong. Tonto, he said, is another Potowatomie word. [PAR] There were a few Indians who would come to the camp to tell stories to the children. [PAR] One"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What was the name of Hopalong Cassidy's horse? | Reference.com What was the name of Hopalong Cassidy's horse? | Reference.com [PAR] What was the name of Hopalong Cassidy's horse? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Hopalong Cassidy's horse was named Topper. The horse was discovered on a ranch in 1937 and named Topper by the wife of the actor who played Hopalong Cassidy on film and television. The horse was named after the \"Topper\" book series by Thorne Smith. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] There were a total of 66 films depicting the adventures of fictional cowboy Hopalong Cassidy. Topper did not appear in the first film, which came out in 1935, but after Hopalong's actor William Boyd bought him in 1937, he was used in subsequent films, television episodes, and even parades and other public appearances. Boyd rode Topper until his retirement in 1953. Topper died in 1961 and is buried in Los Angeles Pet Memorial Park.[DOC] [TLE] Hoppy FAQ - Hopalong Hoppy FAQ [PAR] What was the name of Hoppy\u0092s horse? Topper [PAR] 2 [PAR] How did Topper get his name? In 1937, William Boyd married Grace Bradley...at the same time he acquired a new white stallion. He asked his new wife to name the horse. Grace was reading a series of books by Thorne Smith at the time...the series was called \"Topper.\" Thus, Grace asked Bill to name the horse after her favorite book...and that's how Topper got his name! [PAR] 3 [PAR] How many Hoppy movies are there? 66 \u0096 features 52 \u0096 \ufffd hours for television [PAR] 4 [PAR] When was the first picture made and the title? 1935 \u0096 Hopalong Cassidy Enters [PAR] 5 [PAR] Was William Boyd married? Yes \u0096 Grace Bradley Boyd (1937) [PAR] 6 [PAR] Did \"Mrs. Hopalong Cassidy\"(Grace Bradley Boyd) have a horse? What was her horse's name? Yes \u0096 Turnabout [PAR] 7 [PAR] When did William Boyd die? 1972 [PAR] 8 [PAR] Where was the first Hoppy movie shown on television? KTLA-TV Los Angeles [PAR] 9 [PAR] How many side-kicks did Hoppy Have? Eleven [PAR] 10 [PAR] Who played the side-kicks? Jimmy Ellison as Johnny Nelson [PAR] George \"Gabby\" Hayes \u0096Windy Halliday [PAR] Russell Hayden as Lucky Jenkins [PAR] Britt Wood as Speedy McGinnis [PAR] Andy Clyde as California Carlson [PAR] Brad King as Johnny Nelson [PAR] Jay Kirby as Johnny Travers [PAR] George Reeves as Lin Bradley [PAR] Jimmy Rogers as Jimmy Rogers [PAR] (Trivia Note: Jimmy Rogers was Will Rogers' son.) [PAR] Rand Brooks as Lucky Jenkins [PAR] Edgar Buchanan as Red Connors (1/2 hr. series for TV) [PAR] 11 [PAR] How many products were endorsed by Hoppy? 2,400 [PAR] 12 [PAR] What\u0092s the most valuable collectable? Probably the Hopalong Cassidy bicycle. It sold originally for $65.00 and collectors are asking $6,000-$11,000, depending on condition. [PAR] 14 [PAR] I heard that Robert Mitchum got his start in Hoppy movies. How many pictures was he in? Seven (7) - they were: [PAR] 1942 - Leather Burners [PAR] 1942 - Hoppy Serves A Writ [PAR] 1943 - Border Patrol [PAR] 1943 - Riders Of The Deadline [PAR] 15 [PAR] Did William Boyd and Grace Boyd Have any children? No [PAR] 16 [PAR] Where were most of the films shot? 50% of the films were shot in Lone Pine, California. [PAR] 17 [PAR] Where was the Bar 20 located? The location of the Bar 20 ranch was in Northwestern Texas. A description is made on pages 1 thru 7 of the Mulford novel, \"Bar-20.\" The town in the novel is called Buckskin. Population of one hundred inhabitants, located in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Cisco Kid (TV Series 1950\u20131956) - IMDb The Cisco Kid (TV Series 1950\u20131956) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Cisco Kid and his English-mangling sidekick Pancho travel the old west in the grand tradition of the Lone Ranger, righting wrongs and fighting injustice wherever they find it. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Cisco and Pancho enlist the aid of the grandson of a female denizen of a ghost town taken hostage by a gang of payroll robbers because the grandson has at the ready a system of numerous ingenious ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] A woman who has inherited her father's ranch hires Cisco and Pancho for a roundup after they rescue her from a cowhand who was manhandling her. The cowhand wants revenge for being fired. [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] A gunman is hired to kill Cisco; however, during an explosion the killer dies and Cisco survives. Cisco then takes the gunman's place by covering his face with a bandage. [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] a list of 1165 titles [PAR] created 25 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 18 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 28 images [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Title: The Cisco Kid (1950\u20131956) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The adventures of the masked hero and his Native American partner. [PAR] Stars: Jay Silverheels, Clayton Moore, John Hart [PAR] Hopalong and his horse Topper catch bad guys with Red Connors for comic relief. [PAR] Stars: William Boyd, Edgar Buchanan, Andy Clyde [PAR] The adventures of a gentlemanly gunfighter for hire. [PAR] Stars: Richard Boone, Kam Tong, Hal Needham [PAR] Canadian Mountie Sgt. Preston patrols the wilds of the Yukon with his horse Rex and his faithful dog Yukon King, battling both the elements and criminals. [PAR] Stars: Dick Simmons, Yukon King, Vic Perrin [PAR] After the Civil War, nomadic adventurer Cheyenne Bodie roamed the west looking for fights, women and bad guys to beat up. His job changed from episode to episode. [PAR] Stars: Clint Walker, Clyde Howdy, Chuck Hicks [PAR] The Cisco Kid (TV Movie 1994) [PAR] Comedy | Western [PAR] This update of the 1950 western TV series changes Cisco and Pancho from wandering heroes of the old west to somewhat anti-\"gringo\" Mexican revolutionaries. [PAR] Director: Luis Valdez [PAR] Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. [PAR] Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton [PAR] The Double R Ranch featured \"The King of the Cowboys\" Roy, his \"Smartest Horse in the Movies\" Trigger, \"Queen of the West\" Dale, her horse Buttermilk, their dog Bullet, and even Pat's jeep, Nellybelle. [PAR] Stars: Dale Evans, Roy Rogers, Trigger [PAR] Bret and Bart Maverick (and in later seasons, their English cousin, Beau) are well dressed gamblers who migrate from town to town always looking for a good game. Poker (5 card draw) is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jack Kelly, James"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ken Maynard and his \"Wonder Horse, Tarzan\" - Old Corral The Horses [PAR] Ken Maynard and his \"Wonder Horse, Tarzan\" [PAR] Maynard acquired Tarzan around 1925 and the animal was half Arabian and half American Saddle horse. The horse was often listed on posters, title lobby cards, pressbook ads, et al just below Maynard's name as \"his Wonder Horse Tarzan\". The palomino was a frequent helper in the films and as such, the horse got a lot of screen time. The original Tarzan died in 1940, and the story goes that Maynard buried him somewhere in the Hollywood Hills. There's more photos, movie ad/artwork and information on Tarzan in the Old Corral section on Ken Maynard. [PAR] How to identify the real Tarzan: if you're standing behind Tarzan, look for a dark spot/birthmark about the size of silver dollar, located high on the right haunch close to the tail. A good example is STRAWBERRY ROAN (Universal, 1933) and you can see the spot on the real Tarzan in the early reels. Later, in the chase scene with Maynard ropin' the roan, he's riding one of the Tarzan impersonators, and as the animal turns, you can see that he's 'spotless'. [PAR] Right is a screen capture of Maynard and the real Tarzan (and his spot) from Chapter 1 of MYSTERY MOUNTAIN (Mascot, 1934). [PAR] Jim Tipton's Find A Grave website mentions that Tarzan was buried in a defunct stable in the Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California and the grave has been lost to development: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11572372 [PAR] (Courtesy of Les Adams) [PAR] Above - Ken is training the original Tarzan ... and one of the Tarzan doubles is seen in the background of this lobby card from SENOR DAREDEVIL (First National, 1926). [PAR] (From Old Corral image collection) [PAR] Ken Maynard and Tarzan versus the 'Rattler' in the twelve chapter cliffhanger, MYSTERY MOUNTAIN (Mascot, 1934). Above is the title lobby card for Chapter Two. Note the \"Wonder Horse, Tarzan\" billing which was commonplace in Maynard's films. [PAR] (From Old Corral image collection) [PAR] Above is Ken Maynard in the early 1930s with Tarzan and Tarzan look-a-likes. He would use the Tarzan impersonators for stunts as well as 'chase doubles' in hard ridin' scenes rather than risk injury to the real Tarzan. [PAR] (From Old Corral image collection) [PAR] (From Old Corral image collection) [PAR] The story goes that Tarzan was originally trained by Ken to respond to voice commands (during their silent films) rather than hand signals. In their sound films, Ken was constantly chit-chattin' with Tarzan. Above are the original Tarzan and Ken in a scene from WHEELS OF DESTINY (Universal, 1933) --- while I didn't check the videotape of this scene, Ken's probably saying somethin' like: \"c'mon ol' man ... untie the rope ... that's it old man ... pull the rope loose!\" [PAR] (From Old Corral image collection) [PAR] Above, Ken Maynard on the original Tarzan with the Cole Bros. Circus in Texas, November, 1940. [PAR] (From Old Corral image collection) [PAR] Above, the Monogram Trail Blazers, circa 1943-44. From L-to-R are Ken Maynard (now riding the white Tarzan II), Bob Steele, and Hoot Gibson. Gibson is riding Rusty, the Wonder Horse which had been earlier used by Jack Randall and Tom Keene in their series at Monogram. When Maynard exited the Trail Blazers, Chief Thunder Cloud came in as the replacement --- Thunder Cloud rode Rusty and Gibson rode a different mount. The original Tarzan died about 1940. [PAR] (Courtesy of Minard Coons) [PAR] Above from L-to-R are Hoot Gibson riding Rusty, the Wonder Horse,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck ... Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d - Oct 12, 1940 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d [PAR] Author [PAR] Silent-film star Tom Mix dies in Arizona car wreck; brained by \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1940, cowboy-movie star Tom Mix is killed when he loses control of his speeding Cord Phaeton convertible and rolls into a dry wash (now called the Tom Mix Wash) near Florence, Arizona. He was 60 years old. Today, visitors to the site of the accident can see a 2-foot\u2013tall iron statue of a riderless horse and a somewhat awkwardly written plaque that reads: \u201cIn memory of Tom Mix whose spirit left his body on this spot and whose characterization and portrayals in life served to better fix memories of the Old West in the minds of living men.\u201d [PAR] According to Mix\u2019s press agent, the star was a genuine cowboy and swaggering hero of the Wild West: He was born in Texas; fought in the Spanish-American War, the Boxer Rebellion and the Boer War; and served as a sheriff in Kansas, a U.S. marshal in Oklahoma and a Texas Ranger. In fact, Mix was born in Driftwood, Pennsylvania; deserted the Army in 1902; and was a drum major in the Oklahoma Territorial Cavalry band when he went off to Hollywood in 1909. [PAR] None of these inconvenient facts prevented Mix from becoming one of the greatest silent-film stars in history, however. Along with his famous horse Tony, Mix made 370 full-length Westerns. At the peak of his fame, he was the highest-paid actor in Hollywood, earning as much as $17,500 a week (about $218,000 today). Unfortunately, Mix and Tony had a hard time making the transition to talking pictures. Some people say that the actor\u2019s voice was so high-pitched that it undermined his macho cowboy image, but others argue that sound films simply had too much talking for Mix\u2019s taste: He preferred wild action sequences to heartfelt conversation. [PAR] On the day he died, Mix was driving north from Tucson in his beloved bright-yellow Cord Phaeton sports car. He was driving so fast that he didn\u2019t notice\u2013or failed to heed\u2013signs warning that one of the bridges was out on the road ahead. The Phaeton swung into a gully and Mix was smacked in the back of the head by one of the heavy aluminum suitcases he was carrying in the convertible\u2019s backseat. The impact broke the actor\u2019s neck and he died almost instantly. Today, the dented \u201cSuitcase of Death\u201d is the featured attraction at the Tom Mix Museum in Dewey, Oklahoma. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Tom Mix - Biography - IMDb Tom Mix - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 43 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (5) | Trivia (27) | Personal Quotes (3) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The son of a lumberman, Tom Mix joined the army as a young man and was an artillery sergeant during the Philippine campaign from 1898 to 1901, though he never saw action. In fact, Mix deserted from the army and carefully kept the facts about his military service a closely guarded secret. About 1903 he was drum major"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dale Evans - Biography - IMDb Dale Evans - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Dale Evans [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 31 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (16) | Personal Quotes (1) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 4\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] American leading lady of musical westerns of the 1940s. Born Frances Octavia Smith in Uvalde, Texas. She was raised in Texas and Arkansas. Married at 14 and a mother at 15, she was divorced at 17 (some sources say widowed). Intent on a singing career, she moved to Memphis, Tennessee, and worked in an insurance company while taking occasional radio singing jobs. After another unhappy marriage, she went to Louisville, Kentucky, and became a popular singer on a local radio station. There she took the stage name Dale Evans (from her third husband, Robert Dale Butts, and actress Madge Evans ). Divorced in 1936, she moved to Dallas, Texas, and again found local success as a radio singer. She married Butts and they moved to Chicago, where she began to attract increasing attention from both radio audiences and film industry executives. She signed with Fox Pictures and made a few small film appearances, then was cast as leading lady to rising cowboy star Roy Rogers . She and Rogers clicked and she became his steady on-screen companion. In 1946, Rogers' wife died and Evans' marriage to Butts ended about the same time. Rogers and Evans had been close onscreen in a string of successful westerns, and now became close off-screen as well. A year later she married Rogers and the two become icons of American pop culture. Their marriage was dogged by tragedy, including the loss of three children before adulthood, but Evans was able not only to find inspiration in the midst of tragedy but to provide inspiration as well, authoring several books on her life and spiritual growth through difficulty. She and Rogers starred during the 1950s on the popular TV program bearing his name, and even after retirement continued to make occasional appearances and to run their Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Museum in Victorville, California. Following Dale's death, the Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Museum moved to Branson, Missouri. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Jim Beaver <jumblejim@prodigy.net> [PAR] Spouse (4) [PAR] Frequently played roles in Westerns. [PAR] Trivia (16) [PAR] On September 22 1996, Dale Evans was presented the Women in Film/Dallas' Legacy Award at the 10th Annual Topaz Awards in Dallas. The award was accepted by her step-daughter, Cheryl Rogers -Barnett. [PAR] Her horse's name was Buttermilk. She wrote the song, \"Happy Trails\", which became her and Roy Rogers ' theme song. [PAR] Underwent heart surgery on October 12, 1999 to replace a pacemaker battery. [PAR] Inducted (with her husband Roy Rogers ) into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1976. [PAR] When she sent for a copy of her birth certificate in 1954, which she needed to get a passport, it read that her birth name was Lucille Wood Smith and that her birthday was Oct 30, 1912. However, her mother swears that they made a mistake and that her name was Frances Octavia Smith, with a birthdate of October 31, 1912. [PAR] Wrote the spiritual, \"The Bible Tells Me So\". [PAR] She was awarded 2 Stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Radio at 6638 Hollywood Boulevard and for Television at 1737 Vine Street in Hollywood, California. [PAR] Stepmother of Cheryl Rogers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Girls Aloud - Women Wiki - Wikia Girls Aloud | Women Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Add Image [PAR] Girls Aloud were an English-Irish pop girl group . They were created through the ITV1 talent show Popstars: The Rivals in 2002. The group comprised singers Cheryl Cole , Nadine Coyle , Sarah Harding , Nicola Roberts and Kimberley Walsh . The group achieved a string of twenty-two consecutive top eleven singles in the United Kingdom, including four number ones. They also achieved six certified albums, two of them reached number one. They have been nominated for five Brit Awards , winning the 2009 Best Single for \"The Promise\". [PAR] Girls Aloud's collaborations with Brian Higgins and his songwriting and production team Xenomania earned the group critical acclaim, due to an innovative approach to mainstream pop music. The group became one of the few UK reality television acts to achieve continued success, amassing a fortune of \u00a3 30 million by May 2010. Guinness World Records lists them as \"Most Successful Reality TV Group\" in the 2007 edition. They also hold the record for \"Most Consecutive Top Ten Entries in the UK by a Female Group\" in the 2008 edition, and are credited again for \"Most Successful Reality TV Group\" in the 2011 edition. The group was also named the United Kingdom's biggest selling girl group of the 21st century, with over 4.3 million singles sales and 4 million albums sold.In March 2013, after the Ten: The Hits Tour , the group announced their split. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Girls Aloud were formed on 30 November 2002, in front of millions of viewers on the ITV1 programme Popstars: The Rivals . The concept of the programme, hosted by Big Brother presenter Davina McCall was to produce a boyband and a girlgroup who would be \"rivals\" and compete for the 2002 Christmas number one single. Following the initial success of Hear'Say (winners of the original Popstars show), several thousand applicants attended auditions across the UK in hope of being selected. Ten girls and ten boys were chosen as finalists by judges Pete Waterman , Louis Walsh and Spice Girls member Geri Halliwell . However, two of these were disqualified before the live shows began: Hazel Kaneswaren was found to be too old to participate while Nicola Ward refused to sign the contract, claiming the pay the group would receive was too low. Kimberley Walsh and Nicola Roberts , who had made it into the final fifteen but not the final ten, were chosen as their replacements. [PAR] During October and November, the finalists took to the stage participating in weekly Saturday night live performances (alternating week-by-week between the girls and boys). Each week the contestant polling the fewest phone votes was eliminated, until the final line-ups of the groups emerged. The five girls who made it into the group were (in the order announced by the host) Cheryl, Nicola, Nadine, Kimberley and Sarah; Javine Hylton missed out on a place in the group, despite previous expectations that she would be placed in the line-up. The group was named Girls Aloud and were managed by Louis Walsh until 2005 when Hilary Shaw replaced him. [PAR] The two groups competed to become 2002's Christmas number one single. Girls Aloud won the battle with their single \" Sound of the Underground \", produced by Brian Higgins and Xenomania . The song spent four consecutive weeks at number one and was certified platinum in March 2003. The song received critical acclaim; Alexis Petridis of The Guardian stated that \"it proved a first:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Books of the Bible: The Pentateuch Books of the Bible: The Pentateuch [PAR] The Pentateuch [PAR] The first five books of the Bible. [PAR] The word \u0093Pentateuch\u0094 comes from a Greek term meaning \"the five (penta) books.\" The Pentateuch includes the first five books of the Bible\u0097 Genesis , Exodus , Leviticus , Numbers , and Deuteronomy . These books are often called \u0093the Law,\u0094 but in addition to legal materials they include poems, songs, and epic narratives about the people of God. The Hebrew term used for these books is \u0093Torah,\u0094 which means \u0093instruction.\u0094 These books have sometimes been called the five books of Moses, although most modern scholars think that the Pentateuch includes materials that were written down by various people over a period of centuries. The Pentateuch tells a story that extends from the Creation (Genesis 1) to the time when the people of Israel are encamped on the edge of the promised land (Deuteronomy 34).[DOC] [TLE] What is the Pentateuch? - Bible Questions Answered What is the Pentateuch? [PAR] What is the Pentateuch? [PAR] Subscribe to our Question of the Week : [PAR] Question: \"What is the Pentateuch?\" [PAR] Answer: The Pentateuch is the first five books of the Bible that conservative Bible scholars believe were mostly written by Moses. Even though the books of the Pentateuch themselves do not clearly identify the author, there are many passages that attribute them to Moses or as being his words (Exodus 17:14, 24:4\u20137;Numbers 33:1\u20132; Deuteronomy 31:9\u201322). While there are some verses in the Pentateuch that would appear to have been added by someone later than Moses, for example, Deuteronomy 34:5\u20138, which describes the death and burial of Moses, most if not all scholars attribute the majority of these books to Moses. Even if Joshua or someone else actually wrote the original manuscripts, the teaching and revelation can be traced from God through Moses. [PAR] No matter who actually wrote the words that make up the books of the Pentateuch, the author of those words was God through His prophet Moses, and the inspiration of these five books of the Bible is still true. One of the most important evidences for Moses being the author of the Pentateuch is that Jesus Himself refers this section of the Old Testament as the \u201cLaw of Moses\u201d (Luke 24:44). [PAR] The word Pentateuch comes from a combination of the Greek word penta, meaning \u201cfive\u201d and teuchos, which can be translated \u201cscroll.\u201d Therefore, it simply refers to the five scrolls that make up the first of three divisions of the Jewish canon. The name Pentateuch can be traced at least as far back as AD 200, when Tertullian referred to the first five books of the Bible by that name. Also known as the Torah, which is the Hebrew word meaning \u201cLaw,\u201d these five books of the Bible are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. [PAR] Jews generally divided the Old Testament into three different sections, The Law, The Prophets, and The Writings. The Law or Torah consists of the first five books of Scripture that contain the historical background of creation and God\u2019s choosing of Abraham and the Jewish nation as His chosen people. They also contain the instructions and law given to Israel at Mount Sinai. Scripture refers to these five books by various names. In Joshua 1:7 they said to be the \u201claw (Torah) which Moses My servant commanded you\u201d and \u201cthe law of Moses\u201d in 1 Kings 2:3. [PAR] The five books of the Bible that make up the Pentateuch are the beginning of God\u2019s progressive revelation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Four Hogwarts Houses - The Harry Potter Lexicon Hogwarts Houses \u2013 The Harry Potter Lexicon - The Harry Potter Lexicon [PAR] The Harry Potter Lexicon [PAR] Explore [PAR] Characters Locations Magic Canon Events Things Creatures Essays [PAR] About \u2022 1 \u2022 2 \u2022 3 \u2022 4 [PAR] Students at Hogwarts are grouped into four houses: Gryffindor, Ravenclaw, Hufflepuff, and Slytherin. [PAR] When the students arrived on September 1 of their first year, they were met byMcGonagall, who explained the house system: [PAR] \"The start-of-term banquet will begin shortly, but before you take your seats in the Great Hall, you will be sorted into your houses. The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your house will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your house, sleep in your house dormitory, and spend free time in your house common room.\"The four houses are called Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin. Each house has its own noble history and each has produced outstanding witches and wizards. While you are at Hogwarts, your triumphs will earn your house points, while any rulebreaking will lose house points. At the end of the year, the house with the most points is awarded the House Cup, a great honour. I hope each of you will be a credit to whichever house becomes yours.\" ( PS7 ) [PAR] The students were then led into the Great Hall. There they were sorted into their houses by placing the Sorting Hat onto their heads, whereupon it decided which house they should sbelong to. [PAR] [PAR] Each house has a common room and dormitories where students sleep and spend their free time. Students do their studying and spend their free time in their common room when they aren't in the library. The common rooms have comfortable chairs and assorted tables for students to work at and to play games such as wizard chess orExploding Snap. Each common room also has a large fireplace. [PAR] Each house has a Head, a staff member who is responsible for the students in that house. There are also several prefects from the houses. Each house also has a residentghost and an animal. The Heads, animals, colors, and ghosts of each house are as follows: [PAR] Gryffindor[DOC] [TLE] Can you get Harry Potter books in Hogwarts house colours? Can you get Harry Potter books in Hogwarts house colours? [PAR] By Sarah Doran [PAR] Wednesday 16 September 2015 at 10:15AM [PAR] It's been 18 years since Harry Potter made his debut on our bookshelves and during that time we've seen JK Rowling's novels about the Boy Who Lived undergo several makeovers. [PAR] However the latest Harry Potter covers, designed by Juniper Books in the United States, are rather special because they represent each of the four Hogwarts houses, and look like this... [PAR] Yes, you can now finally pick up the full collection draped in your house colours, with intricate little designs and motifs representing Gryffindor, Ravenclaw, Hufflepuff and Slytherin respectively. [PAR] The new covers come hot on the heels of last year's illustrated offerings, which depicted some of the most iconic scenes from the book series. [PAR] The even come in their own presentation 'trunks', not unlike those the young witches and wizards take with them when they head off to Hogwarts... [PAR] With Fantastic Beasts now in production and Harry Potter and The Cursed Child due to hit the West End next year, Potter fever is most definitely on the rise, meaning the books will be on many a Christmas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Married with Children (TV Series 1987\u20131997) - IMDb Married with Children (TV Series 1987\u20131997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Al Bundy is a misanthropic women's shoe salesman with a miserable life. He hates his job, his wife is lazy, his son is dysfunctional (especially with women), and his daughter is dim-witted and promiscuous. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Al decides to open a shoe emergency hot-line with help from Steve in the form of a $50,000 loan. But typically, Al's get-rich-quick scheme backfires when nobody phones in. When Marcy gives Al a ... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] After Kelly gets in trouble at school, the only way she can get out of punishment if she joins a tap dance class. [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] The Bundy's go out to a fancy restaurant to spend a great windfall, an inheritance check for $237 from a late uncle of Peggy's. But it becomes apparent that the fine dinning in public is not a part ... [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] a list of 38 images [PAR] created 30 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 13 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 24 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 10 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 11 May 2014 [PAR] Title: Married with Children (1987\u20131997) [PAR] 8.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 7 Golden Globes. Another 6 wins & 22 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Delivery man Doug Heffernan has a good life: He's got a pretty wife (Carrie), a big TV and friends to watch it with. Then Carrie's goofy and annoying father Arthur moves in with them. [PAR] Stars: Kevin James, Leah Remini, Jerry Stiller [PAR] The Banks family, a respectable Californian family, take in a relative - Will Smith, a street-smart teenager from Philadelphia. The idea is to make him respectable, responsible and mature, but Will has got other plans... [PAR] Stars: Will Smith, James Avery, Alfonso Ribeiro [PAR] A gifted young teen tries to survive life with his dimwitted, dysfunctional family. [PAR] Stars: Frankie Muniz, Bryan Cranston, Justin Berfield [PAR] A ne'er do well wins $100,000 in the lottery and decides to right all the wrongs from his past with his newfound realization. [PAR] Stars: Jason Lee, Ethan Suplee, Jaime Pressly [PAR] A TV show centered around macho everyman, his loving wife, and their three precocious children. [PAR] Stars: Jim Belushi, Courtney Thorne-Smith, Larry Joe Campbell [PAR] The regulars of the Boston bar Cheers share their experiences and lives with each other while drinking or working at the bar where everybody knows your name. [PAR] Stars: Ted Danson, Rhea Perlman, John Ratzenberger [PAR] A hedonistic jingle writer's free-wheeling life comes to an abrupt halt when his brother and 10-year-old nephew move into his beach-front house. [PAR] Stars: Jon Cryer, Ashton Kutcher, Angus T. Jones [PAR] A comedy revolving around a group of teenage friends, their mishaps, and their coming of age, set in 1970s Wisconsin. [PAR] Stars: Topher Grace, Laura Prepon, Mila Kunis [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane moves back to his hometown of Seattle where he lives with his father and works as a"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Nathan Bridger (Character) - Quotes - IMDb Captain Nathan Bridger (Character) - Quotes [PAR] Captain Nathan Bridger (Character) [PAR] from \"SeaQuest 2032\" (1993) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : The 21st century. Mankind has colonized the last unexplored region on Earth: the ocean. As captain of the SeaQuest and its crew, we are it's guardians, for beneath the surface lies the future. [PAR] Dr. Kristin Westphalen : You're going to fire him out of a torpedo tube? [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : Noooo, he's going to *swim* out of a torpedo tube. [PAR] Dr. Kristin Westphalen : [pause] I still don't like it. [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : I want this boat stopped, right now! [PAR] Commander Jonathan Ford : That's impossible, sir. Once we break port, we're commited to the Channel. This isn't exactly a rowboat. [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : I know what it is, Commander, I designed the damned thing. [PAR] Commander Jonathan Ford : If the Captain would like, I could arrange to have a launch craft shuttle you back to Pearl once we hit open water. [PAR] Dr. Kristin Westphalen : We'll need precise specifications of the venting cap assembly. [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : [taps her on the shoulder] I think we need a troubleshooter. [PAR] Dr. Kristin Westphalen : A what? [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : I don't think what's happening on this boat is an accident. I think we need someone to go down into the guts of her computers and look around a bit. [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : I'm disappointed in you, Marilyn. Four torpedo's fired and only two hits. I thought I tought you better than that. [PAR] Capt. Marilyn Stark : [on viewscreen] I'll do better next time. I promise. [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : There won't be a next time, we both know that. Too many innocent people have died already. [PAR] Capt. Marilyn Stark : [on viewscreen] What world are you living in, Nathan? There are no innocent people. Everybody's guilty of something. [PAR] Captain Nathan Bridger : [Passing the Kreig's quarters a noticing the smell] Lieutenant, I've just decided on your punishment. You're confined to quarters for 24 hours. [PAR] Lt. Benjamin Krieg : Yes sir, just as soon as I finish cleaning up. [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : What's your determination? [PAR] Dr. Kristin Westphalen : I went through the data from the probe and it doesn't have the tentacles of a squid. It is, however, related to Mr. Krieg's glowing rocks. [PAR] Dr. Kristin Westphalen : Hummm, the creature's bioluminescent, well, we saw that, but it must also have a very steady diet of bioluminscent fish because Krieg's gold is... Fecal pellets. [PAR] Lt. Benjamin Krieg : Wait a minute, are you trying to tell me that the orbs are... [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : Glowing fish poop. [PAR] Dr. Kristin Westphalen : Oh, only for 48 hours, then the bacteria that was glowing will have died, leaving Krieg with simply... [PAR] \"SeaQuest 2032: Daggers (#2.1)\" (1994) [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : [observes Lucas kissing a girl] Very nice. Very, very nice. [PAR] Lucas : Captain... hi. I, uh, I was just waiting around here for you and then I met Cindy. Cindy this is my captain. Captain Bridger. [PAR] Cindy : A captain... [PAR] Lucas : Yeah, and I'm gonna be one too, some day, so relax. How have you been, sir? [PAR] Capt. Nathan Bridger : Apparently not as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Thunder (TV Series 1984) - IMDb Blue Thunder (TV Series 1984) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An advanced prototype police helicopter and their ground support crew battle crime. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 1525 titles [PAR] created 17 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 22 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 08 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 51 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Blue Thunder \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A desk bound cop secretly fights crime as the test pilot for a prototype combat motorcycle. [PAR] Stars: Rex Smith, Richard Venture, Joe Regalbuto [PAR] The cop test pilot for an experimental police helicopter learns the sinister implications of the new vehicle. [PAR] Director: John Badham [PAR] A computer generated superhero and his human creator fight crime in their city. [PAR] Stars: Desi Arnaz Jr., Chuck Wagner, Heather McNair [PAR] A man who can change himself into any animal fights crime. [PAR] Stars: Simon MacCorkindale, Melody Anderson, Reni Santoni [PAR] A scientist who has created a super helicopter has defected to Libya and taken the machine with him. A secretive government agency hires an ex-Vietnam War pilot to go to Libya, steal the chopper and bring it back. [PAR] Director: Donald P. Bellisario [PAR] As part of a deal with an intelligence agency to look for his missing brother, a renegade pilot goes on missions with an advanced battle helicopter. [PAR] Stars: Jan-Michael Vincent, Alex Cord, Ernest Borgnine [PAR] The series has been revamped with an all new cast. The brother that Stringfellow Hawke had been looking for during the original series has finally been found and is now the new pilot of the... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Barry Van Dyke, Geraint Wyn Davies, Michele Scarabelli [PAR] The adventures of a team of misfit superheroes who fight crime for a scientific think tank. [PAR] Stars: Dean Paul Martin, Kevin Peter Hall, Mark Thomas Miller [PAR] The weekly adventures of tough-as-nails veteran police officer Sgt. T.J. Hooker, who rides the beat with his rookie partner Vince Romano. [PAR] Stars: William Shatner, Heather Locklear, Adrian Zmed [PAR] A lone crimefighter battles the forces of evil with the help of an indestructible and artificially intelligent supercar. [PAR] Stars: David Hasselhoff, Edward Mulhare, Richard Basehart [PAR] The adventures of a film stunt performer who moonlights as a bounty hunter when movie work is slow. [PAR] Stars: Lee Majors, Douglas Barr, Heather Thomas [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Lt. Frank Chaney of the LAPD is a maverick cop with unorthodox methods who is assigned to the Blue Thunder Team, which uses a very advanced gadget-filled helicopter in its fight against crime. \"Blue Thunder\" is capable of great speed and maneuverability, can run silently in \"whisper mode\", and is armed with the most powerful weapons in development. His partner is a fresh-faced rookie with the improbable name of Wonderlove, and ground support is supplied by ex-athletes Ski and Bubba, who drive a sophisticated van. Written by Marty McKee <mmckee@soltec.net> [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breeds> Basset Hounds > Dog the dog (Columbo) - TV Acres TV ACRES: Dogs > Breeds> Basset Hounds > Dog the dog (Columbo) [PAR] Basset Hounds [PAR] Dog the dog - Basset hound seen on episodes of the police drama COLUMBO/NBC/1971-77/ABC/1989-91. [PAR] Dog was owned by Lt. Columbo (Peter Falk), a seemingly incompetent homicide detective who always got his man. The choice of a droopy-eared basset hound perfectly matched the disheveled police officer who wore a dirty raincoat, drove a disheveled Peugeot and smoked cigars. [PAR] Columbo found Dog at the pound on the NBC MYSTERY MOVIE \"Etude in Black.\" Dog made further appearances in the COLUMBO movies Catch Me, Forgotten Ladu, Make Me A Perfect Murder, and Now You See Him. [PAR] When it came to naming his pooch, the Lieutenant considered a number of names like Fido, Jet, Munich and Beethoven, but eventually, he just settled on \"Dog\" because as he once explained \"He's a dog so we call him Dog.\" [PAR] Columbo's dog liked to eat ice cream, watch TV, swim in the neighbor's pool and visit the beach. [PAR] When Columbo sent his dog to obedience school hoping to improve the canine (\"he just sits around the house and drools\"), he was expelled because \"he demoralizes the other students.\" [PAR] Ray Berwick owned and trained Dog who in real life was called Henry. Henry had also appeared on the medical drama EMERGENCY/NBC/1972-77 as the the mascot for Los Angeles County Squad 51 firehouse who just sat about and yawned. [PAR] TRIVIA NOTE: On the NBC produced episodes, Columbo's dog was originally called Fang. The spin-off series KATE LOVES A MYSTERY (MRS. COLUMBO)/NBC/1979 featured the wife of Detective Columbo, Kate Columbo (Kate Mulgrew) who owned a lazy basset hound dog named Whitefang. [PAR] Dog (a.k.a. \"Higgins\") was also the name of the family pet on the sitcom PETTICOAT JUNCTION/CBS/1963-70. [PAR] External Links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rawhide (TV Series 1959\u20131965) - IMDb Rawhide (TV Series 1959\u20131965) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Gil Favor is trail boss of a continuous cattle drive; he is assisted by Rowdy Yates. The crew runs into characters and adventures along the way. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Favor and Rowdy looking for grazing and water in the Lost Mountains find their path blocked by Indians and an old white man. They hire a guide but he is killed after a lost woman joins them. She has ... [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] Gil visits his girls encountering an Indian on the train. Gil sees the Indian from the train in a wagon with handcuffs on. He discovers the man is a prisoner. With help they decide to break him out. ... [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] At a river the drovers are startled by a bugle and stopped by a group of Jayhawkers wanting $5 per head to cross the river. They are lead by a Judge who has conned his son-in-law into thinking they ... [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 24 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 28 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 05 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 24 Nov 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Rawhide \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 5 wins & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Stories of the journeys of a wagon train as it leaves post-Civil War Missouri on its way to California through the plains, deserts and Rocky Mountains. The first treks were led by gruff, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Frank McGrath, Terry Wilson, Robert Horton [PAR] Bret and Bart Maverick (and in later seasons, their English cousin, Beau) are well dressed gamblers who migrate from town to town always looking for a good game. Poker (5 card draw) is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jack Kelly, James Garner, Roger Moore [PAR] Marshal Matt Dillon keeps the peace in the rough and tumble Dodge City. [PAR] Stars: James Arness, Milburn Stone, Amanda Blake [PAR] Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. [PAR] Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton [PAR] A Civil War veteran with a sawed-off rifle as a holstered weapon makes a living as a bounty hunter in the Wild West of the 1870s. [PAR] Stars: Steve McQueen, Wright King, Olan Soule [PAR] Dressed-up dandy (derby and cane), gambler and lawman roams the West charming women and defending the unjustly accused. His primary weapon was his wit (and cane) rather than his gun. [PAR] Stars: Gene Barry, Allison Hayes, Allen Jaffe [PAR] After the Civil War, nomadic adventurer Cheyenne Bodie roamed the west looking for fights, women and bad guys to beat up. His job changed from episode to episode. [PAR] Stars: Clint Walker, Clyde Howdy, Chuck Hicks [PAR] The Wild West adventures of the residents and staff"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skating stars: Past winners of Dancing on Ice - ITV News Skating stars: Past winners of Dancing on Ice - ITV News [PAR] 21 May 2013 at 11:21am [PAR] Skating stars: Past winners of Dancing on Ice [PAR] Following Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean's announcement that Dancing on Ice will finish after next year's series , we take a look back at past winners of the show and other notable contestants. [PAR] Gaynor Faye - Winner Series 1 [PAR] The actress, who appeared in Coronation Street and Fat Friends, appeared in the first ever show in 2006. She beat Stefan Booth and Bonnie Langford in the final. [PAR] The actress won the first ever series of Dancing on Ice with skater Daniel Whiston. [PAR] Credit: EMPICS Entertainment [PAR] Kyran Bracken - Winner series 2 [PAR] The former England Rugby Union international beat Blue singer Duncan James and Clare Buckfield to win the 2007 competition. [PAR] Kyran Bracken has since taken part in several skating tours. [PAR] Credit: Jonathan Brady/PA Wire/ [PAR] Suzanne Shaw - Winner series 3 [PAR] The former Hear'Say star skated to glory in 2008 beating Soap star Chris Fountain in the final. [PAR] Shaw won acclaim on the show for her daring routines involving technical footwork as well as the \"Headbanger\" trick. [PAR] Credit: Joel Ryan/PA Archive [PAR] Ray Quinn - Winner series 4 [PAR] The 2006 X-Factor runner up topped the leader board every week on his way to becoming the 2009 champion. [PAR] The 2009 champion was praised for his highly technical performances. [PAR] Credit: Ian West/PA Archive [PAR] Hayley Tamaddon - Winner series 5 [PAR] The former *Emmerdale * actress was crowned champion in 2010 after skating with professional skater and childhood friend Daniel Whiston. [PAR] Tamaddon beat off competition from Hollyoaks star Kieran Richardson and actor Gary Lucy in the final. [PAR] Hayley Tamaddon pictured with professional skater Daniel Whiston, who has won the competition three times. [PAR] Credit: Zak Hussein/PA Archive [PAR] Sam Attwater - Winner series 6 [PAR] Sam Attwater, a former Eastenders actor, won the series in 2011 with partner Brianne Delcourt beating Laura Hamilton in the process. [PAR] Dancers Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt during a photocall ahead of the Dancing on Ice Live Tour 2012. [PAR] Credit: Anna Gowthorpe/PA Archive [PAR] Matthew Wolfenden - Winner series 7 [PAR] The *Emmerdale * actor used his gymnastic and dance background to his advantage as he stormed to victory in the 2012 final. [PAR] Matthew Wolfenden beat fellow soap star Jorgie Porter in the final. [PAR] Credit: Dominic Lipinski/PA Wire [PAR] Beth Tweddle - Winner series 8 [PAR] The Olympic bronze medallist and triple world champion won the 2013 competition with partner Daniel Whiston, beating Eastenders actor Matt Lapinskas in the final. [PAR] Beth Tweddle at the launch of ITV's Dancing on Ice 2013. [PAR] Credit: Doug Peters/EMPICS Entertainment [PAR] Other notable contestants [PAR] Pamela Anderson - Series 8 [PAR] The Baywatch star was the first casualty of the 2013 series going out in the first week following a stumble and an unfortunate wardrobe malfunction. [PAR] Pamela Anderson at a photocall for the launch of the 2013 series of 'Dancing on Ice'. [PAR] Credit: Dominic Lipinski/PA Wire [PAR] Chico - Series 7 [PAR] Chico was a last-minute replacement for an injured Chesney Hawkes in the 2012 series. His entertaining and energetic performances with skater Jodeyne Higgins secured him a third place finish. [PAR] Dancers Jodeyne Higgins and Chico during a photocall ahead of the Dancing on Ice Live Tour 2012. [PAR] Credit: Anna Gowthorpe/PA Archive [PAR] Todd Carty -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I'm a Celebrity 2014: All the past winners and ... - mirror I'm a Celebrity 2014: All the past winners and what happened to them after jungle life - Mirror Online [PAR] I'm a Celebrity 2014: All the past winners and what happened to them after jungle life [PAR] If you're wondering what became of your favourite (or hated) I'm a Celeb stars, read on... [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Since the show started in 2002, even the low-profile names win us over - and give their celebrity status a much-needed boost in the process... Follow how the new batch get on in our I'm a Celebrity live blog . [PAR] 2002 - Tony Blackburn [PAR] A huge bust-up between comedienne Rhona Cameron and bully boys Darren Day and Nigel Benn hogged most of our attention. [PAR] But all the veteran radio DJ had to do was stand patiently at the sidelines and wait to be crowned King of the Jungle. [PAR] Since winning, Tony, now 71, been regularly appeared on TV and returned to BBC Radio Two as a presenter. [PAR] 2003 - Phil Tufnell [PAR] PHIL TUFNELL EATING AN INSECT 'I'M A CELEBRITY GET ME OUT OF HERE' (Photo: Rex) [PAR] [PAR] Celebrity chef Anthony Worrall Thompson, backed by singer Toyah Wilcox and EastEnders star Daniella Westbrook, led a rebellion over tiny food rations. [PAR] But it was mild-mannered ex-cricketer Tuffnell, now 48, who won the public\u2019s backing. He went on to join The One Show team and is now team captain on A Question of Sport. [PAR] 2004 - Kerry Katona [PAR] Kerry wins I'm A Celeb in 2004 (Photo: Rex) [PAR] [PAR] Series three gave us Sex Pistol John Lydon and glamour model Katie Price who instigated a romance with future husband, Peter Andre. [PAR] But it was ex-Atomic Kitten singer Kerry Katona who endeared herself to viewers. After being crowned as the first Queen of the Jungle the multiple deals that followed included a \u00a3290,000 deal advertising for Iceland. [PAR] But in 2009 the supermarket released her from her contract as her life span out of control. [PAR] 2004 - Joe Pasquale [PAR] Joe Pasquale wins I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here 2004 (Photo: Daily Mirror) [PAR] [PAR] All eyes were on Paul Burrell, Princess Diana\u2019s controversial former butler, and audiences watched as he screamed and squirmed during multiple gory trials. [PAR] But comedian Pasquale embraced every trial thrown at him and beat off bigger names like Janet Street Porter and Natalie Appleton to emerge victorious. [PAR] Since then Joe, now 53, has landed increasing work on stage and screen, appearing on Dancing on Ice last year. [PAR] 2005 - Carol Thatcher [PAR] Carol Thatcher, I'm A Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here 2005 (Photo: Daily Mirror) [PAR] [PAR] EastEnders actor Sid Owen, was favourite to win and Margaret Thatcher\u2019s daughter was an outsider. But the game-changer came when no-nonsense Carol, now 61, casually took a pee by her bedside. [PAR] A year later she became one of the main contributors to The One Show on the BBC but in 2009 was sacked after she referred to a black tennis player as looking like a golliwog. [PAR] 2006 - Matt Willis [PAR] Matt Willis, I'm A Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here 2006 (Photo: Rex Features) [PAR] [PAR] The fifth series served up the stiffest celebrity competition yet with Myleene Klass, David Gest and Jason Donovan, not to mention"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trek's Nichelle Nichols Talks About Her Heroes Role ... Trek's Nichelle Nichols Talks About Her Heroes Role - Today's News: Our Take | TVGuide.com [PAR] Trek's Nichelle Nichols Talks About Her Heroes Role [PAR] by TV Guide News | Aug 16, 2007 8:53 PM EDT [PAR] Share on Facebook [PAR] Share on WhatsApp [PAR] Nichelle Nichols by Chris Haston/NBC [PAR] First Sulu, now Uhura. Once again, Heroes has boldly gone back to classic Star Trek for a cool casting coup: Sci-fi icon Nichelle Nichols will join fellow Trekker George Takei as a recurring player on the hit NBC series. [PAR] Showing up in the season's fourth episode, Nichols will play Nana, a New Orleans doyenne whose daughter died during Hurricane Katrina. \"Nana is tough and undaunted and - like the blues - she just keeps rising to the occasion,\" Nichols says. The character, who is in dire financial straits, has moved back into her once-flooded home, where she cares for her two grandchildren. One of them, new hero Monica ( The Nine's Dana Davis ), is an avenging angel intent on bringing justice to the corruption-plagued Big Easy. Nana is also a great-aunt to Micah, the junior hero played by series regular Noah Gray-Cabey . \"Micah is sent to New Orleans to live with the family,\" Nichols says. \"It's a quite marvelous, magical story, with wonderful things emerging.\" Does Nana have a superpower? \"Well, that remains to be seen, now doesn't it?\" coos Nichols. [PAR] The actress confirmed her much-rumored Heroes gig at a recent Trek convention in Las Vegas, where she reports that \"the entire room went insane. I felt like I was Oprah giving out cars!\" - Reporting by Michael Logan[DOC] [TLE] Zachary Quinto - IMDb Zachary Quinto - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Official Photos \u00bb [PAR] Zachary Quinto was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Margaret J. (McArdle), an Irish-American office worker, and Joseph John Quinto, an Italian-American barber. Zachary graduated from Central Catholic High School in Pittsburgh, with the class of 1995, where he won Pittsburgh's Gene Kelly Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 23 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 people [PAR] created 13 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 01 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 people [PAR] created 17 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 people [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Zachary Quinto's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 10 wins & 20 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2006 Crossing Jordan (TV Series) [PAR] Leo Fulton, Jr. [PAR] 2005 Blind Justice (TV Series) [PAR] Scott Collins [PAR] 2004 Joan of Arcadia (TV Series) [PAR] Pretentious Filmmaker God [PAR] - P.O.V. (2004) ... Pretentious Filmmaker God [PAR] 2004 Hawaii (TV Series) [PAR] - Frame of Mind (2004) ... Howard Simms [PAR] 2003 Miracles (TV Series) [PAR] 2003 Six Feet Under (TV Series) [PAR] Hip Student [PAR] 2002 The Agency (TV Series) [PAR] Jay Lambert [PAR] - Air Lex (2002) ... Jay Lambert [PAR] 2002 Haunted (TV Series) [PAR] 2002 Lizzie McGuire (TV Series) [PAR] Director [PAR] 2002 Off Centre (TV Series) [PAR] Smudge [PAR] 2001 That's Life (TV Series) [PAR] Sleazy Guy [PAR] 2000 Code Blue (Video Game) [PAR] Monty Rodriguez (voice) [PAR] 2000 The Others (TV Series) [PAR] Tony [PAR] 2012 East of Eden (Short) (executive producer) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oldest Golfers to Win a Major Championship Oldest Golfers to Win a Major Championship [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] In the history of men's major championships , no golfer older than 48 (and just one golfer older than 46) has won. As we'll see on the list below, nearly all of those golfers who are on the list of oldest major winners are Hall of Famers. [PAR] The Oldest Major Champion Is ... [PAR] Julius Boros holds the record as oldest major championship winner in golf history. Boros was 48 when he won the 1968 PGA Championship . (Boros held off Arnold Palmer to do it, denying Palmer the only major Arnie never won.) [PAR] Boros bested the record that was previously held by Jerry Barber, who won the 1961 PGA Championship at age 45. [PAR] No question Boros was one of the greatest over-40 golfers ever. Half of Boros' 18 career PGA Tour wins came after turning 40, including, at age 43, the 1963 U.S. Open . (At the time, that made him the oldest U.S. Open winner.) When Boros was 53, he shared the lead in the 1973 U.S. Open with 10 holes to play before finishing seventh. [PAR] 10 Oldest Major Championship Winners [PAR] Here are the 10 oldest winners of men's golf majors: [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 7 Best Soccer Players in the World Right Now [PAR] Julius Boros: 1968 PGA Championship, 48 years, 4 months, 18 days [PAR] Old Tom Morris : 1867 British Open, 46 years, 99 days [PAR] J ack Nicklaus : 1986 Masters, 46 years, 2 months, 23 days [PAR] Jerry Barber: 1961 PGA Championship, 45 Years, 3 months, 6 days [PAR] Hale Irwin : 1990 U.S. Open, 45 years, 15 days old [PAR] Lee Trevino : 1984 PGA Championship, 44 years, 8 months, 18 days [PAR] Roberto de Vicenzo : 1967 British Open, 44 years, 93 days [PAR] Harry Vardon : 1914 British Open, 44 years, 41 days [PAR] Raymond Floyd : 1986 U.S. Open, 43 years, 9 months, 11 days [PAR] Ted Ray: 1920 U.S. Open, 43 years, 4 months, 16 days old [PAR] They Were This Close [PAR] There have been a few golfers over the decades who came close to winning a major at an older age. The most famous is Tom Watson , who led much of the final round at the 2009 British Open when he was 59 years old. But Watson lost in a playoff. [PAR] A couple others of note: At age 49, Raymond Floyd was runner-up in the 1992 Masters ; and at 50, Harry Vardon finished second in the 1920 U.S. Open . Vardon was runner-up to 43-year-old Ted Ray, who is on the list above. [PAR] See also:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] European Footballer of the Year (\"Ballon d'Or\") European Footballer of the Year (\"Ballon d'Or\") [PAR] European Footballer of the Year (\"Ballon d'Or\") [PAR] Since 1956 the bi-weekly (formerly weekly) French magazine France Football awards the \"Ballon d'Or\" for the best European Footballer of the calendar year. Only players from European clubs are eligible. Until 1994 any player from an European National Team was eligible; since 1995 any player from a European club (regardless of his nationality) is eligible but he must also be part of a preliminary list of 50 players established by France Football. [PAR] Voters are journalists - one from each member country of UEFA. Each voter chooses 5 players and points are awarded as follows: 5 points for a first place in a voters' list, 4 points for second, 3 points for third, 2 points for fourth, and 1 point for fifth. [PAR] In 2010 the election was not held but combined with the FIFA World Player of the Year . As that is (theoretically) not restricted to players active at European clubs, that is considered the end of the European Footballer of the Year. [PAR] The cooperation between FIFA and France Football ended in 2016; since that year France Football again offers its own award. [PAR] Palmares [PAR] 1956 Stanley MATTHEWS (Eng) Blackpool (Eng) 1957 Alfredo DI ST\ufffdFANO (Spa [*]) Real Madrid (Spa) 1958 Raymond KOPA (Fra) Real Madrid (Spa) 1959 Alfredo DI ST\ufffdFANO (Spa [*]) Real Madrid (Spa) 1960 Luis SU\ufffdREZ (Spa) Barcelona (Spa) 1961 Omar SIVORI (Ita [*]) Juventus (Ita) 1962 Josef MASOPUST (Cze) Dukla Praha (Cze) 1963 Lev YASHIN (SU) Dynamo Moskva (SU) 1964 Denis LAW (Sco) Manchester United (Eng) 1965 EUS\ufffdBIO (Por) Benfica (Por) 1966 Bobby CHARLTON (Eng) Manchester United (Eng) 1967 Fl\ufffdri\ufffdn ALBERT (Hun) Ferencv\ufffdros (Hun) 1968 George BEST (Nil) Manchester United (Eng) 1969 Gianni RIVERA (Ita) Milan (Ita) 1970 Gerd M\ufffdLLER (Ger) Bayern M\ufffdnchen (Ger) 1971 Johan CRUIJFF (Net) Ajax (Net) 1972 Franz BECKENBAUER (Ger) Bayern M\ufffdnchen (Ger) 1973 Johan CRUIJFF (Net) Barcelona (Spa) 1974 Johan CRUIJFF (Net) Barcelona (Spa) 1975 Oleg BLOKHIN (SU) Dynamo Kiev (SU) 1976 Franz BECKENBAUER (Ger) Bayern M\ufffdnchen (Ger) 1977 Alan SIMONSEN (Den) Borussia M\ufffdnchengladbach (Ger) 1978 Kevin KEEGAN (Eng) Hamburger SV (Ger) 1979 Kevin KEEGAN (Eng) Hamburger SV (Ger) 1980 Karl-Heinz RUMMENIGGE (Ger) Bayern M\ufffdnchen (Ger) 1981 Karl-Heinz RUMMENIGGE (Ger) Bayern M\ufffdnchen (Ger) 1982 Paolo ROSSI (Ita) Juventus (Ita) 1983 Michel PLATINI (Fra) Juventus (Ita) 1984 Michel PLATINI (Fra) Juventus (Ita) 1985 Michel PLATINI (Fra) Juventus (Ita) 1986 Igor BELANOV (SU) Dynamo Kiev (SU) 1987 Ruud GULLIT (Net) Milan (Ita) 1988 Marco VAN BASTEN (Net) Milan (Ita) 1989 Marco VAN BASTEN (Net) Milan (Ita) 1990 Lothar MATTH\ufffdUS (Ger) Internazionale (Ita) 1991 Jean-Pierre PAPIN (Fra) Olympique Marseille (Fra) 1992 Marco VAN BASTEN (Net) Milan (Ita) 1993 Roberto BAGGIO (Ita) Juventus (Ita) 1994 Hristo STOITCHKOV (Bul) Barcelona (Spa) 1995 George WEAH (Lib) Milan (Ita) 1996 Matthias SAMMER (Ger) Borussia Dortmund (Ger) 1997 RONALDO (Bra) Internazionale (Ita) 1998 Zinedine ZIDANE (Fra) Juventus (Ita) 1999 RIVALDO (Bra) Barcelona (Spa) 2000 Luis FIGO (Por) Real Madrid (Spa) 2001 Michael OWEN (Eng) Liverpool (Eng) 2002 RONALDO (Bra) Real Madrid (Spa) 2003 Pavel NEDVED (Cze) Juventus (Ita) 2004 Andriy SHEVCHENKO (Ukr) Milan (Ita) 2005 RONALDINHO (Bra) Barcelona (Spa) 2006 Fabio CANNAVARO (Ita) Real Madrid (Spa) 2007 KAK\ufffd (Bra) Milan (Ita) 2008 Cristiano RONALDO (Por) Manchester United (Eng) 2009 Lionel MESSI (Arg) Barcelona (Spa) 2010 election incorporated into FIFA World Player of the Year 2011 election incorporated into FIFA World Player of the Year 2012 election incorporated into FIFA World Player of the Year 2013 election incorporated into FIFA World"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muhammad Ali - boxing Topics - ESPN Muhammad Ali - boxing Topics - ESPN [PAR] Personal [PAR] Muhammad Ali is a former heavyweight champion boxer. A three-time heavyweight champion, Ali is widely considered one of the greatest boxers of all time. Before turning professional, Ali won a gold medal as a light heavyweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. [PAR] Born Cassius Clay, Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam in 1964. Because of religious beliefs, Ali refused to serve for the U.S. military and was arrested and put on trial. Along with his legal woes, Ali was stripped of his heavyweight championship and had his boxing license suspended. The Supreme Court would eventually rule in Ali's favor in Clay v. United States in 1971. [PAR] During his prime, Ali was involved in two of the greatest fights in boxing history, taking part in \"The Thrilla in Manila\" against Joe Frazier and \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" against George Foreman. [PAR] After his retirement from boxing, Ali was diagnosed in 1984 with Parkinson's disease, which has severely affected his speech and mobility. [PAR] Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. was born on Jan. 17, 1942, in Louisville, Ky. to Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr. and Odessa Grady Clay. He was the younger of two children, as Clay had an older brother, Rahman, who was born as Rudolph Valentino Clay. [PAR] Clay started boxing at the age of 12 after his bike was stolen. Clay told Joe Martin, a police officer, that he wanted to beat up the thief. Along with being a police officer, Martin also trained boxers and persuaded Clay to work out at the local gym. His boxing career was born, and Clay had his first amateur fight in 1954, winning by split decision. [PAR] In 1956, Clay won the Golden Gloves Championship in the light heavyweight division. Three years later Clay won the Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions and the Amateur Athletic Union light heavyweight national title. [PAR] After graduating high school, Clay competed for the United States Olympic boxing team in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Clay took home the gold medal in the light heavyweight division after defeating Zbigniew Pietryzkowski from Poland. Clay finished with an amateur record of 100-5 before turning professional after the Olympics. [PAR] Cassius Clay made his professional debut on Oct. 29, 1960, in a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker at the Freedom Hall State Fairground in Louisville, Ky. Clay steamrolled through the competition during the first three years of his professional career. He was so dominant that he was able to correctly predict in what round he would knock out his opponents. In June 1963, Clay traveled to London to take on British heavyweight champion Henry Cooper. In front of a pro-Cooper crowd at Wembley Stadium, Clay won by technical knockout in the fifth round. [PAR] Despite his victory over Cooper, Clay was the underdog before stepping in the ring against Sonny Liston in 1964. Of 46 writers, 43 picked Liston to defeat Clay. The two squared off on Feb. 25, 1964, in Miami Beach, Fla. Clay was a 7-to-1 underdog but scored the upset victory over Liston after he didn't come out for the seventh round thanks to a shoulder injury. Clay won the heavyweight championship for the first time in his young career. After the fight, Clay celebrated with a dance in the ring and yelled, \"I'm the greatest\" and \"I shook up the world!\" It would go down as one of the most historic moments in Clay's career. [PAR] The day after the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franz Klammer (Skier) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Franz Klammer (Skier) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Franz Klammer [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Dec 3, 1953 [PAR] Franz Klammer is a former champion alpine ski racer. Klammer overwhelmingly dominated the downhill event for four consecutive World Cup seasons. He was the gold medalist at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, winning the downhill at Patscherkofel in dramatic fashion. He won 25 World Cup downhills, including four on the Hahnenkamm at Kitzb\u00c3\u00bchel.\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] News + Updates [PAR] Browse recent news and stories about Franz Klammer. [PAR] 2014 Olympics Downhill Skiing: Matthias Mayer Wins, Pre Race Favorite Bode Miller Knocked Out Of Medal Position [PAR] Huffington Post Sports - Feb 09, 2014 [PAR] 'KRASNAYA POLYANA, Russia (AP) \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Matthias Mayer added his name to Austria\\'s rich skiing lore by winning gold in the Olympic downhill before ever earning a World Cup victory. \\nThe son of an Olympic medalist, Mayer raced down the Rosa Khutor course in 2 minutes, 6.23 seconds Sunday to win Alpine skiing\\'s signature race. Christof Innerhofer of Italy took silver, only 0.06 seconds behind, and Kjetil Jansrud of Norway earned bronze, 0.10 behind. \\nPre-race favorites Aksel Lund Svindal and Bod... [PAR] Werbung Im Sport: Verpixelt Und Zugepflastert Die Presse.Com [PAR] Google News - Aug 27, 2011 [PAR] 'Hans Krankl, <mark>Franz Klammer</mark> und Hermann Maier haben es geschafft. Die Zeiten, in denen sie als Spitzensportler f\u00c3\u00bcr Furore gesorgt haben, sind lange vorbei und trotzdem sind sie nach wie vor omnipr\u00c3\u00a4sent: als Testimonials, als Werbebotschafter f\u00c3\u00bcr' [PAR] Franz Klammer: \"Eine Wunderbare Aufgabe\u00e2\u0080\u009c Spox.Com [PAR] Google News - Aug 26, 2011 [PAR] 'Gleich am ersten Tag war Laureus-Mitglied <mark>Franz Klammer</mark> zu Besuch in der Soccer Academy, um den 60 Teilnehmern und Teilnehmerinnen wertvolle Tipps zu geben und flei\u00c3\u009fig Autogramme zu schreiben. Seit Montag l\u00c3\u00a4uft in Hallein das erste Laureus-Projekt in' [PAR] Fairmont Heritage Place, Franz Klammer Lodge Presents The Fall 2011 Telluride ... Middle East North Africa Financial Network [PAR] Google News - Aug 23, 2011 [PAR] 'Reservations for all of the season&#39;s top Telluride events can be made through the Fairmont Heritage Place, <mark>Franz Klammer</mark> Lodge at 888-728-0355 or http://www.fairmont.com/klammerlodge/. Film Festival: September 2-5, www.telluridefilmfestival.org What&#39;s' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Franz Klammer. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1953 Birth Born on December 3, 1953. [PAR] 1954 Birth At the World Championships from 1954 through 1980, the combined was a \"paper race\" using the results of the three events (DH, GS, SL). \u2026 Read More [PAR] ^ Klammer was an alternate on the 1980 team and did not compete. Read Less [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] Show Less [PAR] \u2026 [PAR] Franz Klammer (born 3 December 1953) is a former champion alpine ski racer from Austria. Klammer overwhelmingly dominated the downhill event for four consecutive World Cup seasons (1975-78). He was the gold medalist at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, winning the downhill at Patscherkofel by a margin of .33 seconds with a time of 1:45.73. He won 25 World Cup downhills, including four on the Hahnenkamm at Kitzb\u00c3\u00bchel. He holds the record for the most victories (four) on the full course at Kitzb\u00c3\u00bchel. <br /><br />Born into a farming family in Mooswald, Carinthia, and like many alpine farm boys, Klammer skied to school each winter day. His home village did not have any ski lifts, so as a child he climbed up the pasture behind his house to ski downhill. Klammer started racing at the relatively late age of 14, competing in the winter whilst working on the family"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile - May 06, 1954 ... Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile - May 06, 1954 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile [PAR] Author [PAR] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1954, at the Iffley Road Track in Oxford, England, medical student Roger Bannister becomes the first person in recorded history to run the mile in under four minutes. [PAR] Roger Bannister was born in Middlesex on March 23, 1929. His parents couldn\u2019t afford to send him to school, so he ran his way in: Bannister won a track scholarship to Oxford, where he studied medicine and was a running sensation. He caused a furor in England when he declined to run the 1500 meters in the 1948 London Olympics so he could concentrate on his medical studies. He did run in the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, but finished fourth. Again, the British press scorned him. He then resolved to break track and field\u2019s most famous barrier, the four-minute mile, a feat many believed to be impossible. Bannister had limited time to train, as he was enrolled at St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Medical School. He would run 30 minutes most days, focusing the rest of his time on his study of neurology. [PAR] On May 6, 1954, Bannister was running for the Amateur Athletic Association in Oxford against runners from the university in their annual match. He ran with two friends, who paced him, and then sprinted the last 200 yards, for a record time of 3:59.4. Later that month, Australian John Landy broke Bannister\u2019s record by less than a second. The two were then made out to be rivals. [PAR] In August, Bannister and Landy met face-to-face at the British Empire Games in Vancouver, British Columbia, where 35,000 spectators watched what was billed as the \u201cmile of the century.\u201d Landy led Bannister the entire race, but Bannister out-sprinted Landy down the straightaway to win by five yards and less than a second, 3:58.8 to 3:59.6. Their two times were the third and fourth recorded miles run in under four minutes in history. [PAR] Bannister finished his medical degree and became a practicing neurologist and neuroscience researcher. Knighted in 1975, Sir Roger Bannister served as director of the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases in London. [PAR] Long after his career as a runner had ended, in an interview with Bill Heine of BBC\u2019s Radio Oxford, Bannister called running a \u201cpowerful source of self expression\u201d and said of his talent on the track, \u201cI believe that as I grew up through adolescence, this capacity to run without pain or discomfort became part of me, and it found its expression in running in cross country races, running with friends, for the sheer enjoyment running across the countryside. Running, not walking, and, eventually this became a track event with more and more people watching and people concerned with stopwatches.\u201d [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mark SPITZ - Olympic Swimming | United States of America Mark SPITZ - Olympic Swimming | United States of America [PAR] Mark SPITZ [PAR] Olympic Games 1968 , 1972 [PAR] Mark Spitz is one of the greatest swimmers of all time. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Munich Games. [PAR] Prediction backfires [PAR] American Mark Spitz had brashly predicted that he would win six gold medals at the 1968 Mexico City Games. Although he did take home two gold medals from the relays, he performed well below expectations in his individual races. He was third in the 100m freestyle, second in the 100m butterfly and last in the final of the 200m butterfly. [PAR] Seven golds [PAR] At the 1972 Munich Games, Spitz was determined to make up for his below-par performances four years earlier. He did not disappoint. Over a period of eight days, Mark Spitz entered seven events, won all seven and set a world record in every one. [PAR] Long-lasting record [PAR] Mark Spitz held the record for most gold medals won at a single Olympic Games for 36 years. It was finally broken by American phenomenon Michael Phelps who won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Super Bowl wins by NFL team - \u2022 Statista Superbowl winners: Most wins by NFL teams | Statista [PAR] More Super Bowl statistics [PAR] Additional information on the Super Bowl [PAR] The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), pitting the champions of the NFL\u2019s two conferences (AFC and NFC) against each other. The games were originally created as part of a merger agreement between the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League, with the first Super Bowl being played on January 15, 1967, following the 1966 football season. To identify the games, successive Roman numerals are used leading up to the most recent Super Bowl in 2014 (Super Bowl XLVIII). [PAR] With six championships wins, the Pittsburgh Steelers are the most successful NFL franchise in terms of the number of championships, as shown in the graph above. The Seattle Seahawks are the most recent superbowl winner, defeating the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII with a score of 43-8. Charles Haley, who played from 1986 to 1999, has won the most Super Bowls with five total. Notable players who have won four Super Bowl rings are Joe Montana, Bill Romanowski, Adam Vinatieri, Ronnie Lott, Matt Millen and Terry Bradshaw. [PAR] Show more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King George V of the United Kingdom | Unofficial Royalty King George V of the United Kingdom | Unofficial Royalty [PAR] King George V of the United Kingdom [PAR] Photo Credit \u2013 Wikipedia [PAR] King George V was born on June 3, 1865, a month early, at Marlborough House in London, England, the second son and the second of the six children of King Edward VII and his wife Alexandra of Denmark . His parents, the Prince and Princess of Wales, wanted to name him George after Prince George, Duke of Cambridge . The baby\u2019s grandmother, Queen Victoria, thought the name George was too modern: \u201cGeorge only came over with the Hanoverian family.\u201d The Prince and Princess of Wales held their ground with the name George, but had to agree to add the name Albert, so the baby\u2019s name was George Frederick Ernest Albert. He was called Georgie in the family. At the time of his birth, George was third in the line of succession after his father and his brother Prince Albert Victor (Eddy) and he was styled Prince George of Wales. In 1892, George was created Duke of York, and when his father became king in 1901, he automatically became the Duke of Cornwall. He was created Prince of Wales on November 9, 1901. [PAR] Prince George was christened at the Private Chapel in Windsor Castle on July 7, 1865. His godparents were: [PAR] Princess Victoria (1868 \u2013 1935), unmarried [PAR] Princess Maud (1869 \u2013 1938), married 1896 King Haakon VII of Norway; had issue [PAR] Prince Alexander John (April 6, 1871 \u2013 April 7, 1871) [PAR] George was only seventeen months younger than his brother Eddy. Because of the closeness in age, the two brothers were brought up and educated together. In 1877, Eddy and George joined the Royal Navy\u2019s training ship, HMS Britannia. The brothers remained aboard the Britannia for nearly two years before embarking on a three year cruise on the HMS Bacchante. Always accompanied by their tutor Mr. Dalton, the brothers visited the Mediterranean, the West Indies, South America, South Africa, Australia, China, and Japan. [PAR] In 1883, the brothers were separated. Eddy attended Trinity College, Cambridge University and George continued in the Royal Navy. While serving in the Royal Navy, George commanded Torpedo Boat 79 in the waters around the United Kingdom and HMS Thrush in the North America. His last active service was the command of HMS Melampus in 1891\u201392. [PAR] George wanted to marry his first cousin Princess Marie of Edinburgh, the daughter of his uncle Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. His grandmother Queen Victoria, his father and his uncle all approved the match, but the mothers did not, and Marie was instructed to refuse when George proposed to her. On December 3, 1891, George\u2019s brother Prince Eddy proposed to Princess Mary of Teck whose mother was a first cousin of Queen Victoria, Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, the youngest child of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (the seventh son and tenth child of King George III and Queen Charlotte). The wedding set for February 27, 1892, but on January 14, 1892, Eddy died of pneumonia. [PAR] After the death of Prince Eddy, Mary and George, now second in the line of succession, spent much time together. As time passed and their common grief eased, there was hope that a marriage might take place between them. George proposed to Mary beside a pond in the garden of his sister Louise\u2019s home, East Sheen Lodge, on April 29, 1893. The engagement was announced on May 3, 1893 with the blessing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hans and Zacharias Jansen - A complete microscope history Hans and Zacharias Jansen - A complete microscope history [PAR] Hans and Zacharias Jansen [PAR] Hans and Zacharias Jansen: [PAR] A complete microscope history [PAR] Zacharias Jansen (c. 1580 - c. 1638) was a Dutch spectacle-maker from Middelburg credited with inventing the first microscope. Although Zacharias Jansen's life was previously documented, many of the archives were lost in the fires following the German bombardment of Middelburg during the Second World War on May 17th 1940. [PAR] Although Zacharias Jansen (often written as Zacharias Janssen, or Sacharias Jansen) is generally believed to be the first creator of a compound microscope, the accomplishment is dated around the 1590's, so many scholars believe that his father, Hans, must have played an important role in the creation of the instrument. The pair worked together as spectacle makers in Middleburg, the Netherlands, not far from Hans Lippershey, another optical scientist who is also sometimes credited with the invention of the microscope, but more often with the creation of the first telescope. [PAR] Similarly, Zacharias Jansen is also sometimes credited with the invention of the first telescope, however its origin, just like the origin of the first compound microscope, is a matter of debate. [PAR] During the 1590s, the two Dutch spectacle-makers began experimenting. They put several lenses in a tube and made a very important discovery - the object near the end of the tube appeared to be greatly enlarged, much larger than any simple magnifying glass could achieve by itself. [PAR] Zacharias Jansen wrote to William Boreel, a Dutch diplomat who was a long-time acquaintance of the Jansens, to tell him about the magnifying device, although Boreel did not see the microscope for himself until years later. During the 1650s when the physician of the French King publicly sought information regarding the origin of the microscope, Boreel recounted the instrument's design and his experience surrounding its use. [PAR] The first microscope [PAR] Jansen's microscope consisted of three draw tubes with lenses inserted into the ends of the flanking tubes. The eyepiece lens was bi-convex and the objective lens was plano-convex, a very advanced compound design for this time period. Focusing of this hand-held microscope was achieved by sliding the draw tube in or out while observing the sample. The Jansen microscope was capable of magnifying images approximately three times when fully closed and up to ten times when extended to the maximum. No early models of Janssen microscopes have survived, but there is a candidate housed in the Middleburg Museum in the Netherlands that some historians attribute to Jansen. [PAR] Though rudimentary when compared with modern microscopes, the Jansen microscope was an important advance from single lens magnification. By the end of the seventeenth century, further developments, notably by Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke allowed the observation of organisms such as fossils, diatoms, as well as the first cells. [PAR] Since then, modern microscopes have been at the forefront of scientific development, capable of magnifications greater than 1000x.[DOC] [TLE] What is the Hans and Zacharias Janssen Cell Theory ... What is the Hans and Zacharias Janssen Cell Theory? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the Hans and Zacharias Janssen Cell Theory? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life. Hans and Zacharias Jansen greatly contributed to the various parts of this theory by inventing the first microscope. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The cell theory also states that all living organisms are composed of cells. Organisms can be unicellular or multicellular. The theory"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, the leader of Greeks in the ... Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, the leader of Greeks in the Trojan war - Greek Gods, Mythology of Ancient Greece [PAR] Agamemnon [PAR] Agamemnon [PAR] Agamemnon was a Greek leader in the great Trojan war. The war made him recognisable throughout historical and mythological recordings, even to this day. Despite his heroics and great leadership, Agamemnon was a casualty of unfortunate events in his family which were based on treachery, rape, murder and incest. He managed to run away and take refuge in Sparta with his brother Menelaus who then became a king of Sparta and helped Agamemnon to reclaim his throne in Mycenae . When Helen of Sparta was abducted, Menelaus called upon his brother who became a leader of the Greeks in Trojan war that lasted for ten years. Agamemnon himself managed to survive but was murdered upon his arrival back to his homeland, by either his wife Clytemnestra whom he married while at Sparta or her lover who happened to be Aegisthus, the son of his uncle Thyestes who fathered him with his own daughter Pelopia. [PAR] Appearance in the works of art [PAR] In the works of art, Agamemnon`s depiction resemble and is very similar to the representation of Zeus , the king of the gods. Agamemnon is generally depicted wearing a diadem and holding a scepter which are among conventional attributes of kings. [PAR] Family quarrel [PAR] In his early life, there were plenty of things going wrong. His father Atreus murdered the children of his twin brother Thyestes, after finding out his adultery with his wife Aerope. Atreus even went so far that the murdered children were on the menu of Thyestes for a while. However, Atreus hadn`t murdered all of his children, mostly because he didn`t know about Aegisthus who was a son of Thyestes and Thyestes` daughter Pelopia. It was not long, before Aegisthus took revenge on Atreus and murdered him. He then claimed the throne of Mycenae and ruled hand to hand with Thyestes. Together, they exiled Agamemnon and Menelaus from Mycenae. The brothers took refuge at the place of Tyndareus, a king of Sparta, where they married the king`s daughters Helen and Clytemnestra. Agamemnon and Clytemnestra together had four children, one son and three daughters. Eventually, Menelaus succeeded Tyndareus in Sparta and with his superior army helped his brother to drove away Thyestes and reclaim his throne in Mycenae. For a while they enjoyed a decent life, until Paris kidnapped Helen, the wife of his brother Menelaus. [PAR] Trojan war [PAR] This act, which was caused by the gods themselves, led to a war between Greeks and Trojans. And it happened to be king Agamemnon who led his people into battle. He had to overcome his first obstacle while still in Greece. He offended Artemis by killing one of her sacred animals and the angry goddess obstructed their departure from Boeotia. Greek soldiers were becoming more and more reluctant and, as a result of this, he had to sacrifice one of his daughters, called Iphigenia, to the angry goddess. [PAR] Finally, Agamemnon made peace with Artemis, gathered his army, including two of the finest heroes Odysseus and Achilles , and set sail for Troy. Agamemnon then led his men into a battlefield, filled them with good positive morale and himself fought bravely. He killed many Trojans until he was finally wounded and forced to withdraw to his camp. It looked like they were going to win with ease, until his act to take away Briseis from Achilles, after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] INXS Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ... INXS facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about INXS [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale, a part of Cengage Learning [PAR] INXS [PAR] Rock group [PAR] Few rock bands have achieved the success and longevity that INXS has enjoyed. All six original members recorded and performed together for more than 20 years before the death of singer Michael Hutchence on November 22, 1997. And even that tragic event was not enough to stop the group's momentum; after auditioning a new lead vocalist on a reality show, INXS bounced back with a new release in 2005. [PAR] Beginning in Australia, INXS released several albums before making a splash in the United States in 1983. From then on, they shot up the charts with singles like \"The One Thing,\" \"Original Sin\" and \"What You Need,\" before launching into astounding worldwide sales and recognition with their 1988 release Kick. With this album they swept the charts, received many awards, and completed a 16-month worldwide tour. [PAR] \"We seemed to be around the corner every month in America, it was hard to ignore us,\" singer Michael Hutchence told Glenn A. Baker in Billboard. Following Kick's success, rumors of a breakup began to circulate. [PAR] Although the band did experience some difficulties as a result of their overwhelming success, they relied on their relationship as friends to keep them together. INXS was one of the few bands to emerge into rock stardom in the 1980s and survive into the late 1990s. They attributed their stability to a competitive air of democracy and the ability to keep each other grounded in reality. [PAR] Keyboard player Andrew Farriss and singer Michael Hutchence met in high school in Sydney, Australia. Farriss broke up a fight between Hutchence and a school bully, and the two budding musicians became fast friends. Hutchence, whose father was an Australian importer, grew up in Sydney, as well as in Hong Kong and Los Angeles, California. His mother had taken him to L.A. when his parents split up. \"I spent most of my time in the States by myself, writing prose, poems, and stories,\" Hutchence told Edwin Morris in Seventeen. \"I came back home with a large collection of things.\" [PAR] Andrew Farriss had two brothers, Tim and Jon, who were also aspiring musicians. While the Farriss brothers were growing up in Perth, Australia, Tim Farriss began taking guitar lessons at the age of eight. When he was 13 years old the family moved to Sydney. Tim and guitarist/saxophone player Kirk Pengilly met and played in a band together. At the time, they attended Forest High School, where they met bassist Garry Gary Beers. Hutchence, Andrew, and drummer Jon Farriss attended Davidson High School. [PAR] Started as the Farriss Brothers [PAR] By 1977 Tim Farriss and Kirk Pengilly's band had broken up. They decided to form a band with Andrew and Jon, Beers, and Hutchence, called the Farriss Brothers. According to INXS legend, the band formed on the night Elvis Presley died. \"The day I left school was the day I left home was the day I joined the band,\" Hutchence recalled to Nina Malkin in Mademoiselle. [PAR] The following year the Farriss Brothers moved to Perth, where they wrote songs, rehearsed, and performed in local hotels and mining towns. After ten months they returned to Sydney, where their performances grabbed the attention of Garry Morris, who managed the Australian band Midnight Oil. Morris began working with them and was the first to suggest that they change the name of the band. [PAR] Although Morris decided to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vanessa Redgrave - Biography - IMDb Vanessa Redgrave - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Vanessa Redgrave [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 109 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (75) | Personal Quotes (22) | Salary (6) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.81 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] On January 30, 1937, renowned theatre actor Michael Redgrave was performing in a production of Hamlet in London. During the curtain call, the show's lead, Laurence Olivier , announced to the audience: \"tonight a great actress was born\". This was in reference to his co-star's newborn daughter, Vanessa Redgrave. [PAR] Vanessa was born in Greenwich, London, to Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson , both thespians. Three quarters of a century after her birth (despite numerous ups and down) this rather forward expectation has definitely been lived up to with an acclaimed actress that has won (among many others) an Academy Award, two Emmys, two Golden Globes, two Cannes Best Actress awards, a Tony, a Screen Actors Guild award, a Laurence Olivier theatre award and a BAFTA fellowship. [PAR] Growing up with such celebrated theatrical parents, great expectations were put on both herself, her brother Corin Redgrave and sister Lynn Redgrave at an early age. Shooting up early and finally reaching a height just short of 6 foot, Redgrave initially had plans to dance and perform ballet as a profession. However she settled on acting and entered the Central School of Speech and Drama in 1954 and four years later made her West End debut. In the decade of the 1960s she developed and progressed to become one of the most noted young stars of the English stage and then film. Performances on the London stage included the classics: 'A Touch of Sun', 'Coriolanus', 'A Midsummer's Night Dream', 'All's Well that Ends Well', 'As You Like It', 'The Lady from the Sea', 'The Seagull' and many others. By the mid 1960s, she had booked various film roles and matured into a striking beauty with a slim, tall frame and attractive face. In 1966 she made her big screen debut as the beautiful ex-wife of a madman in an Oscar nominated performance in the oddball comedy Morgan! (1966), as well as the enigmatic woman in a public park in desperate need of a photographer's negatives in the iconic Blow-Up (1966) and briefly appeared in an unspoken part of Anne Boleyn in the Best Picture winner of the year A Man for All Seasons (1966). [PAR] She managed to originate the title role in \"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\" the same year on the London stage (which was then adapted for the big screen a few years later, but Maggie Smith was cast instead and managed to win an Oscar for her performance). Her follow up work saw her play the lead in the box office hit adaptation Camelot (1967), a film popular with audiences but dismissed by critics, and her second Academy Award nominated performance as Isadora Duncan in the critically praised Isadora (1968). [PAR] Her rise in popularity on film also coincided with her public political involvement, she was one of the lead faces in protesting against the Vietnam war and lead a famous march on the US embassy, was arrested during a Ban-the-Bomb demonstration, publicly supported Yasar Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and fought for various other human rights and particularly left wing causes. Despite her admirably independent qualities, most of her political beliefs weren't largely supported by the public. In 1971 after 3 films back"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography And Marriage of Victoria And David Beckham Biography And Marriage of Victoria And David Beckham [PAR] 7/10/2011: The Beckhams announced the birth of their fourth child, a daughter. [PAR] Born: [PAR] David Robert Joseph Beckham: May 2, 1975 in Leytonstone, London, England. [PAR] Victoria Caroline Adams aka Posh Spice: April 17, 1974 in Hertfordshire, England. [PAR] How David and Victoria Met: [PAR] David on meeting Victoria in November 1996: \"My wife picked me out of a soccer sticker book. And I chose her off the telly ... It felt straight away like we'd always been meant to be together.\" [PAR] Source: David Beckham, Tom Watt. Beckham: Both Feet on the Ground: An Autobiography. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 7 Tips for a Harmonious Divorce [PAR] 2004. pg. 83. [PAR] Victoria and David started dating in 1997 by going on low-keyed dates -- driving around, talking, going to a pub, dinner out, going to the movies. They talked a lot on the telephone. [PAR] David proposed on one knee. They were engaged on January 25, 1998. The Beckham engagement party was held at Rookery Hall in Nantwich. [PAR] Victoria and David did not cut their engagement cake. Instead, they donated it to a fund raising event for Goostrey Community Primary School in Cheshire. The cake is \"a replica of the hall with Victoria sitting at the top and David sitting behind her.\" [PAR] Source: BBC.co.uk [PAR] Wedding Date: [PAR] With 29 close friends and family members at the wedding ceremony, David and Victoria were married on July 4, 1999 at the 560-acre estate of the 1794, gothic Luttrellstown Castle, Ireland outside Dublin, Ireland. The wedding ceremony was presided over by the Bishop of Cork Paul Colton Victoria was 25 and David was 24 when they married. [PAR] Gary Neville was their best man and their 4-month old son Brooklyn was their ring bearer . Victoria and David sat on Golden thrones on a raised platform with Brooklyn's crib at their side. [PAR] The bridesmaid was Victoria's sister Louise. Louise's daughter Liberty and David's niece Georgia were dressed as angels and served as flower girls . [PAR] \"As they became man and wife, a single dove was released as a symbol of their love. Posh Spice -- one of the architects of the 'girl-power' philosophy -- stuck to her principles and did not pledge to 'obey' the Manchester United player. The new Mr. and Mrs. Beckham both shed tears after exchanging vows.\" [PAR] Source: BBC.co.uk [PAR] Wedding Attire: [PAR] Victoria wore a crown and a tightly fitting ivory wedding dress designed by Vera Weng. Victoria's attire was matched by David's ivory and cream suit. He later changed into a purple suit because Brooklyn threw up on him. Their party outfits were designed by Antonio Berardi. [PAR] Brooklyn was wearing a purple cowboy hat. [PAR] Wedding Reception: [PAR] David and Victoria had an elaborate and expensive wedding reception with 437 staff serving. All guests at the reception were asked to dress in black or white. The menu included Laurent Perrier rose champagne and sticky toffee pudding. [PAR] Their wedding cake was topped with a nude (except for a few ivy leaves) sculpture of the newlyweds. [PAR] Guests at the reception numbered approximately 230 and included David and Debbie Seamon, the Spice Girls, and Sir Bobby Charlton. The wedding reception featured an 18-piece orchestra. Guests were able to disco later on in the evening. The reception ended with a fireworks display. [PAR] David and Victoria didn't want to receive any presents. They preferred to receive shopping vouchers. [PAR] Children:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 12 Apostles - Study the Disciples of Jesus Christ Who Were the 12 Apostles Chosen By Jesus Christ [PAR] 2. Andrew [PAR] The Apostle Andrew abandoned John the Baptist to become the first follower of Jesus of Nazareth, but John didn't mind. He knew his mission was to point people to the Messiah. [PAR] Like many of us, Andrew lived in the shadow of his more famous sibling, Simon Peter. Andrew led Peter to Christ, then stepped into the background as his boisterous brother became a leader among the apostles and in the early church . [PAR] The Gospels don't tell us a great deal about Andrew, but we can read between the lines and find a person who thirsted for truth and found it in the living water of Jesus Christ. Discover how a simple fisherman dropped his nets on the shore and went on to become a remarkable fisher of men. More \u00bb [PAR] The Apostle James by Rembrandt, 1661. Photo: Public Domain [PAR] 3. James [PAR] James the son of Zebedee, often called James the Greater to distinguish him from the other apostle named James, was a member of Jesus Christ's inner circle, which included his brother, the Apostle John , and Peter. Not only did James and John earn a special nickname from the Lord\u2014\"sons of thunder\"\u2014they were privileged to be at the front and center of three supernatural events in the life of Christ. In addition to these honors, James was the first of the twelve to be martyred for his faith in A.D. 44. More \u00bb [PAR] 'Vision of St John the Evangelist', 1937. Photo: Print Collector/Getty Images [PAR] 4. John [PAR] The Apostle John, brother to James, was nicknamed by Jesus one of the \"sons of thunder,\" but he liked to call himself \"the disciple whom Jesus loved.\" With his fiery temperament and special devotion to the Savior, he gained a favored place in Christ's inner circle. [PAR] John's enormous impact on the early Christian church and his larger-than-life personality, make him a fascinating character study. His writings reveal contrasting traits. For instance, on the first Easter morning, with his typical zeal and enthusiasm, John raced Peter to the tomb after Mary Magdalene reported that it was now empty. Although John won the race and bragged about this achievement in his Gospel (John 20:1-9), he humbly allowed Peter to enter the tomb first. [PAR] According to tradition, John outlived all of the disciples, dying of old age in Ephesus, where he preached a gospel of love and taught against heresy . More \u00bb [PAR] Engraving of the Apostle Philip. Photo: Getty Images [PAR] 5. Philip [PAR] Philip was one of the first followers of Jesus Christ , and he wasted no time calling others , like Nathanael, to do the same. Although little is known about him after the ascension of Christ, Bible historians believe Philip preached the gospel in Phrygia, in Asia Minor, and died a martyr there at Hierapolis. Learn how Philip\u2019s search for the truth led him directly to the promised Messiah. More \u00bb [PAR] Engraving of the Apostle Nathanael. Photo: Getty Images [PAR] 6. Nathanael or Bartholomew [PAR] Nathanael, believed to be the disciple Bartholomew, experienced a jarring first encounter with Jesus. When the Apostle Philip called him to come and meet the Messiah, Nathanael was skeptical, but he followed along anyway. As Philip introduced him to Jesus, the Lord declared, \"Here is a true Israelite, in whom there is nothing false.\" Immediately Nathanael wanted to know, \"How do you know me?\" [PAR] Jesus got his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Doom (Character) - Comic Vine Doctor Doom (Character) - Comic Vine [PAR] Doctor Doom [PAR] Character \u00bb Doctor Doom appears in 2809 issues . [PAR] The very mention of his name makes lesser men tremble! The brilliant scientist with the iron mask and the twisted brain! Master of science and sorcery, Victor Von Doom is the monarch of Latveria, and the eternal nemesis of the Fantastic Four! [PAR] The Doctor Doom wiki last edited by dreadpool10 on 09/05/16 04:05PM View full history [PAR] Origin [PAR] Old friends, now enemies [PAR] Victor was the child of Gypsy travelers in Latveria , a small European country. Victor's mother, Cynthia, was killed soon after she called upon the demon Mephisto for power. She left Victor with his father, asking him to protect him from Mephisto. Victor's father, Werner, was a doctor who was called upon by King Vladimir of Latveria to treat his wife. Unable to do so, Werner fled with Victor and died soon afterward trying to protect his son. Victor was left with his father's best friend Boris. Victor later discovered his mother's mystical books and artifacts. With them he was able to teach himself sorcery. He made several unsuccessful attempts to free his mother's soul from Mephisto. [PAR] Victor excelled in science, developed several inventions, and was eventually given a scholarship to Empire State University . While attending this school Victor met Reed Richards, who would later become his enemy, Mr. Fantastic . In school, they were considered scholarly rivals. One day, Victor designed an invention to rescue his mother which would become his greatest downfall. Richards attempted to warn Victor of an error in his calculations. However, Von Doom's arrogance refused to let him listen. The machine then exploded, scarring his face, and led to his expulsion from the university. [PAR] Von Doom later went to Tibet and found an old order of monks. He practiced their ways enough for him to become their leader. Von Doom then asked them to make his first suit of armor. Eager to wear the suit, Doom placed the still-hot steel faceplate to his face, making him even more scarred than before. As Dr. Doom, he then killed Baron Vladimir and imprisoned his son Rudolfo , and gained control over Latveria. Rudolfo would escape and lead a rebellion and become a thorn in Doom's side for years till his death. Later, Rudolfo's younger brother Zorba would take over where his brother left off. Doom using his intellect and inventions, turned Latveria into a thriving nation. [PAR] Creation [PAR] Doctor Doom was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in Fantastic Four #5 . The primary inspiration for Doctor Doom was Doc Savage's archenemy John Sunlight . [PAR] Character Evolution [PAR] Doctor Doom fought the Fantastic Four many times in this era. [PAR] Bronze Age [PAR] Doctor Doom starred with Namor the Sub-Mariner , and other characters, in Super-Villain Team Up , as well as a few graphic novels such as Emperor Doom and Triumph and Torment . The idea of the Doombot is expanded. [PAR] Modern Age [PAR] Doctor Doom's magical abilities are explored more and his plans take on a more global aspect with his membership in the Cabal and his attack on Wakanda . [PAR] Major Story Arcs [PAR] The Fantastic Four [PAR] Ruler of the Microverse [PAR] While on a quest to conquer the world, Doom had several run-ins with his former rival, Reed Richards and his super team, the Fantastic Four . He first tried to get the Fantastic Four to steal some gems which were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben Grimm (Character) - IMDb Ben Grimm (Character) [PAR] Ben Grimm (Character) [PAR] from Fantastic Four (2005/I) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] The Thing is Ben Grimm, a professional pilot. When... See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Benjamin J. Grimm / Benjy Grimm / Young Ben / Young Ben Grimm [PAR] Filmography [PAR] ... aka \"Ultimate Spider-Man vs the Sinister 6\" - USA (fourth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Ultimate Spider-Man: Web Warriors\" - USA (third season title) [PAR] Michael Chiklis [PAR] ... aka \"4: Rise of the Silver Surfer\" - USA (original title) [PAR] ... aka \"Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer\" - International (English title) (imdb display title), UK (imdb display title) [PAR] ... aka \"The Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer\" - USA (alternative title) [PAR] ... aka \"Fantastic Four: Galaxy Crisis\" - Japan (English title) [PAR] From Fantastic Four (2005) (VG) [PAR] Ben Grimm : Ever seen a rock pick up a rock before? See more \u00bb [PAR] Update [PAR] You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process. [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] Thing (Benjamin Grimm) - Marvel Universe Wiki: The ... Thing (Benjamin Grimm) - Marvel Universe Wiki: The definitive online source for Marvel super hero bios. [PAR] Thing (Benjamin Grimm) [PAR] Benjamin Jacob Grimm [PAR] Aliases [PAR] Bashful Benjy, Uncle Benjy, The Ever-Lovin' Blue-Eyed Thing, Idol of Millions (self-proclaimed), Grim Ben, Dr. Josiah Verpoorteen, Blackbeard the Pirate [PAR] Identity [PAR] Adventurer; former construction worker, security guard, astronaut, test pilot, college football player, student, wrestler [PAR] Known Relatives [PAR] Daniel Grimm (father, deceased), Elsi Grimm (mother, deceased), Daniel Grimm Jr. (brother, deceased), Dr. Jacob Grimm (uncle and former legal guardian), Alyce Grimm (aunt, deceased), Sophie Grimm (aunt, deceased), Petunia \"Penny\" Grimm (aunt), unnamed maternal grandmother (deceased), Franklin Richards (godson) [PAR] Group Affiliation [PAR] College graduate (State University), U.S. military pilot training, NASA astronaut training [PAR] Physical Attributes [PAR] None (formerly brown as Grimm) [PAR] Powers [PAR] The Thing's mutated physiology grants him tremendous superhuman strength and durability, the levels varying with his different forms. There have been periods where Ben could assume human form at will; however, these situations seldom last long. He also has enhanced stamina and lung capacity, and increased resistance to sensory and temperature extremes. His reflexes are above-average by human standards despite his immense mass, and he retains a reasonable level of agility and dexterity. [PAR] Abilities [PAR] Ben is an exceptionally skilled and experienced pilot, proficient with many varieties of both conventional and exotic aircraft, and was also trained as an astronaut. He is uniquely gifted in the art of hand-to-hand combat (a skill Ben honed long before he became the Thing), though his fighting style tends to be a rather loose brawling technique all his own. In his youth, Ben was a talented football player. [PAR] Weapons [PAR] None [PAR] Paraphernalia [PAR] Like the rest of the FF, Ben wears highly durable costuming composed of unstable molecules. In a few early outings as the Thing, Ben wore a helmet that concealed his face, but he soon discarded it; he later resumed wearing a helmet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is Nick Fury black? | Why Why is Nick Fury black? [PAR] Why is Nick Fury black? [PAR] Jan 2, 2011 [PAR] Share [PAR] Why is Nick Fury black? [PAR] General Nicholas Joseph \u2018Nick,\u009d Fury is a famous character in Marvel Comics. In the actual story, Nick Fury is depicted as a Caucasian American Colonel with grayish brown hair. The character of Nick Fury that is depicted in the action movie of the comic story was bald headed person who is African American general. This movie role was played by Samuel L. Jackson. The character Nick Fury was created by Stan lee and Jack Kirby. He is part of the S.H.I.E.L.D (Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage Logistics Directorate) working as general. He is portrayed as leader of an efficient U.S Army unit. [PAR] Jackson, who is a black, played the role of Fury in 2008 film Iron Man and played as a supporting character in Iron Man 2. Fury character appeared for the first time in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up which is a comic book series. Later his character was shown in Ultimate X-Men. Now, Fury character regularly appears in Ultimate Spider-Man. Then gradually he continued his appearances as general in S.H.I.E.L.D, Ultimates and in Avengers. [PAR] The Ultimate series made Jackson to enact for Fury. His role was accepted by the Marvel fans. Hence, the black Jackson is considered for Fury\u2019s character and later found to be apt. This Marvel comic book spy has the goal of fighting terrorism. Nick Fury was introduced as a black man in the series Ultimate Marvel Team-Up #5. Though original Nick Fury differ in his appearance to the Samuel L Jackson\u2019s looks, with Jackson\u2019s permission the character Fury\u2019s appearance was changed exactly as Jackson\u2019s. Jackson is a black American. [PAR] In the Iron Man film, Nick played by Jackson explains his role in Avengers which reveals the black version of Nick Fury. Marvel comics generally preferred Caucasian characters in most of its works in its history. As most of the roles of Fury in various movies like Thor, Avengers, Iron Man, Hulk were casted by Samuel L. Jackson, it is wise on the part of Marvel to continue with a black person to play the role of Fury. [PAR] Similar Posts:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What paper does Peter Parker work for? | Reference.com What paper does Peter Parker work for? | Reference.com [PAR] What paper does Peter Parker work for? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Peter Parker, a character from Marvel Comics, works as a photographer for the Daily Bugle newspaper. Parker is secretly the superhero Spider-Man. However, he has held other jobs throughout his run, including working as a research scientist, assistant high school coach, and president and CEO of Parker Industries. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] One of Parker's earliest jobs was professional wrestler, after he acquired his superpowers but before he became interested in fighting crime. He also made paid appearances on television in the comics universe. After becoming a superhero, Parker needed to come up with another way of making money. He started working for the Bugle, taking photos of criminals and of himself as Spider-Man while on his adventures and selling them for the paper to print."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kal-El (Earth-One) - DC Database - Wikia Kal-El (Earth-One) | DC Database | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] History [PAR] Superman is Earth\u2019s premiere superhero and the stalwart protector of Metropolis . Born Kal-El on the distant planet Krypton , he was sent to Earth as a child to survive Krypton's destruction. Raised with high moral ideals, he uses his extraordinary superpowers to fight evil and protect the innocent. In his civilian identity he is Clark Kent, a mild-mannered reporter working for the Daily Planet in Metropolis. [PAR] Last Son of Krypton [PAR] Kal-El was born to the highly decorated scientific genius Jor-El and his wife Lara , a former astronaut on their home planet of Krypton . Like all Kryptonians, Kal-El had no superhuman powers or abilities on Krypton, but was, like his father, a very astute and intelligent boy who learned to speak and read in his native language by the time he was three years old. [PAR] About the same time, Jor-El learned that Krypton was doomed to explode, and he brought this to the attention of Krypton's ruling leaders, \"the Science Council.\" Fearing the worst for his planet, Jor-El advised the Council to build a fleet of space rockets to carry the population farther away from the dying planet. [PAR] Disbelieving Jor-El's prediction, the ruling council refused to warn their fellow Kryptonians and forbade Jor-El to do so. Lara pledged to remain with her husband when Jor-El tried to force her to leave along with her son so that the escape rocket would have a better chance of surviving the trip. Knowing that Krypton was soon to explode, Jor-El launched the ship to Earth, knowing that Earth's lower gravity and the yellow sun would give his son incredible powers. [PAR] Adopted by the Kents [PAR] The rocket crash-landed on Earth in an open field outside of Smallville, Kansas . It was there that the rocket and the young Kal-El were discovered by small land farmers Jonathan and Martha Kent . Upon finding the young boy, Martha became attached to Kal-El while Jonathan elected to have the child's true family found. Martha persuades Jonathan to keep the boy as their adopted child, naming him Clark. [2] [PAR] The Kents fashioned a set of clothes for their \" Superbaby \" from the now-virtually indestructible red, blue and yellow blankets in the rocket. This same material was later used to create the costume Kal-El would wear as Superboy and Superman. [PAR] Jonathan and Martha instill in him a good sense of right and wrong but also a good appreciation to try to fit into society as a positive being using his talents for good. The young Clark takes the advice to heart and starts helping out local people as the eight-year-old Superboy. It is as the heroic Superboy that Clark begins to find his true calling even trying to fit in as the normal \"Clark Kent\". But Superboy never forgets his Kryptonian heritage which at times leads to some frustrating moments between him and his foster parents such as when Krypto (Kal-El's now superpowered puppy from Krypton) first arrives in Smallville. Though there are several mishaps in Superboy's life on Earth, they never really lead to the troubles of teenage rebellion. Deciding to support his public actions, Martha unravels Clark's blankets and reweaves them into the familiar costume. Clark continues to use Martha's design throughout all of his costume career. [PAR] Superboy [PAR] As Clark grows up on Earth, he is mindful of obeying the laws of humanity working directly with Police Chief"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nick Fury (????) - News - IMDb Nick Fury (????) - News [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 2 November 2016 5:42 PM, PDT | WeAreMovieGeeks.com | See recent WeAreMovieGeeks.com news \u00bb [PAR] [PAR] Face front, true believers! Class is in session! Let\u2019s call this \u201c Doctor Strange 101\u201d, an introduction to the newest member of the \u201cMarvel movie-verse\u201d, although, as you\u2019ll soon learn, the sorcerer supreme is one of the oldest heroes. So, to get you up to speed before heading to the multiplex, we\u2019re giving you a top ten list of facts about the \u201cmaster of mystic arts\u201d. First, a look at his lineage\u2026. [PAR] 1. Doctor Strange Has Lots Of \u201c Magic Hero\u201d Predecessors Let\u2019s go back over a 100 years, when magicians where a popular part of live entertainment. Many real-life stage performers like Houdini and Blackstone branched out into the printed page, starring in fictional exploits via booklets called \u201cpenny dreadfuls\u201d which became the lurid pulp novels. In 1931 a radio show presented the adventures of the mysterious \u201c Chandu the Magician \u201d (one big fan was young Stan Lee ). Edmund Lowe battled master \u00bb [PAR] - Jim Batts [PAR] 1 November 2016 5:00 AM, PDT | Comicmix.com | See recent Comicmix news \u00bb [PAR] Some of you may have heard of the Mockingbird controversy and harassment of Chelsea Cain. Less of you probably heard about Tokyo Comic Con banning men from cosplaying as female characters. While the two events are unrelated, they both involve intolerance in the comics industry\u2026 and they both have a happy ending. Well, happier than it could have been, I guess. [PAR] Back in March, the character of Mockingbird was given her first solo series at Marvel Comics . The character of Bobbi Morse, Mockingbird\u2019s alter ego, debuted at Marvel back in 1971 with her becoming Mockingbird in 1980. Though she was created by Len Wein and Neal Adams , her first published story was written by Gerry Conway and drawn by Barry Windsor-Smith . Mockingbird has appeared on and off in Marvel Comics as part of S.H.I.E.L.D. and different Avengers teams ever since with varying success. Once Mockingbird appeared on network TV\u2019s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. on October 21st, \u00bb [PAR] - Joe Corallo [PAR] 28 September 2016 9:08 AM, PDT | Cineplex | See recent Cineplex news \u00bb [PAR] Samuel L. Jackson talks his creepy character in Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar ChildrenSamuel L. Jackson talks his creepy character in Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar ChildrenBob Strauss - Cineplex Magazine9/28/2016 11:08:00 Am [PAR] Consider, for a moment, the walking, talking (and talking, and talking) literary archive that is Samuel L. Jackson . [PAR] The 67-year-old actor, who has more than 160 film and TV productions under his belt, has also brought a veritable library worth of books to life on the big screen, including works by Michael Crichton ( Jurassic Park ), John Grisham ( A Time to Kill ), Stephen King (1408, Cell ) and Edgar Rice Burroughs ( The Legend of Tarzan ), not to mention multiple passes at comic book great Stan Lee \u2014 Jackson plays S.H.I.E.L.D. honcho Nick Fury in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. [PAR] He even lent his incomparable swearing skills to the audio version of the bestselling children\u2019s book parody Go the F--k to Sleep. \u00bb [PAR] - Bob Strauss - Cineplex Magazine [PAR] 24 September 2016 8:25 AM, PDT | Hitfix | See recent Hitfix news \u00bb [PAR] Somehow, the Avengers all made it through Captain America: Civil War alive. There were no casualties among the superheroes in the latest Marvel movie."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hulk (Bruce Banner) - Marvel Universe Wiki: The definitive ... Hulk (Bruce Banner) - Marvel Universe Wiki: The definitive online source for Marvel super hero bios. [PAR] Hulk (Bruce Banner) [PAR] Robert Bruce Banner [PAR] Aliases [PAR] Annihilator, Captain Universe, Joe Fixit, Mr. Fixit, Mechano, Professor, War, Bruce Bancroft, David Banner, David Bixby, Bob Danner, Bruce Jones, Bruce Roberts, David Blaine, the Green Scar, Green Goliath, Jade Giant, Bob, World-breaker, Sakaarson [PAR] Identity [PAR] Incredible Hulk #1 (1962) [PAR] Significant Issues [PAR] See OHOTMU Bibliography ; Working with the Red Hulk against Intelligencia (Fall of the Hulks: Gamma, 2010); Captured by the Intelligencia (Incredible Hulk #608, 2010); Hulk returns (Incredible Hulk #610, 2010) [PAR] Occupation [PAR] Unemployed, former nuclear physicist [PAR] Known Relatives [PAR] Betty Ross Banner (wife, deceased), General Thaddeus \"Thunderbolt\" Ross (father-in-law), Jennifer Walters ( She-Hulk , cousin), Morris Walters (uncle), Elaine Banner Walters (aunt, deceased), Brian Banner (father, deceased), Rebecca Banner (mother, deceased), Lyra (daughter), Skaar and Hiro-Kala (sons) [PAR] Group Affiliation [PAR] Formerly Avengers , Defenders , Fantastic Four , Pantheon , Horsemen of Apocalypse , Warbound [PAR] Education [PAR] Banner has a PhD in Nuclear Physics. The various Hulk personas have demonstrated different intelligence levels, from brutish to average to the same level of intelligence as Banner. [PAR] Physical Attributes [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (Banner); 6'6\" (gray Hulk); 7' \u2013 8' (green/savage Hulk); 7'6\" (green/Professor Hulk) [PAR] Weight [PAR] 128 lbs. (Banner); 900 lbs. (gray Hulk); 1,040 \u2013 1,400 lbs. (green/savage Hulk); 1,150 lbs. (green/Professor Hulk) [PAR] Eyes [PAR] Brown (Banner); Gray (gray Hulk); Green (green/savage Hulk); Green (green/Professor Hulk) [PAR] Hair [PAR] Brown (Banner); Black (gray Hulk); Green (green/savage Hulk); Green (green/Professor Hulk) [PAR] Powers [PAR] The Hulk possesses an incredible level of superhuman physical ability. His capacity for physical strength is potentially limitless due to the fact that the Hulk's strength increases proportionally with his level of great emotional stress, anger in particular. [PAR] The Hulk uses his superhumanly strong leg muscles to leap great distances. The Hulk has been known to cover hundreds of miles in a single bound and once leaped almost into orbit around the Earth. The Hulk can also use his superhumanly leg muscles to run at super speeds, although his legs have limitless strength he does not have limitless speed and once he reaches a certain speed his legs become too strong and destroy the ground giving him no friction to run on, therefore he jumps to travel. [PAR] The Hulk can slam his hands together creating a shock wave, this shock wave can deafen people, send objects flying and extinguish fires. His thunderclap has been compared to hurricanes and sonic booms. [PAR] The Hulk has shown a high resistance to physical damage nearly regardless of the cause, and has also shown resistance to extreme temperatures, mind control, nuclear explosions, poisons, and all diseases. In addition to the regeneration of limbs, vital organs, and damaged or destroyed areas of tissue at an amazing rate. The Hulk also has superhuman endurance. [PAR] The Hulk's body also has a gland that makes an \"oxygenated per fluorocarbon emulsion\", which creates pressure in the Hulk's lungs and effectively lets him breathe underwater and move quickly between varying depths without concerns about decompression or nitrogen narcosis. [PAR] Abilities [PAR] Dr. Bruce Banner is a genius in nuclear physics, possessing a mind so brilliant that it cannot be measured on any known intelligence test. When Banner is the Hulk, Banner's consciousness is buried within the Hulk's, and can influence the Hulk's behavior only to a very limited extent. [PAR] Weapons [PAR] While on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] Who Were Bonnie and Clyde? [PAR] It was during the Great Depression that Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow went on their two-year crime spree (1932-1934). The general attitude in the United States was against government and Bonnie and Clyde used that to their advantage. With an image closer to Robin Hood rather than mass murderers, Bonnie and Clyde captured the imagination of the nation. [PAR] Dates: Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910 -- May 23, 1934); Clyde Barrow (March 24, 1909 -- May 23, 1934) [PAR] Also Known As: Bonnie Elizabeth Parker, Clyde Chestnut Barrow, The Barrow Gang [PAR] Overview of Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] In some ways it was easy to romanticize Bonnie and Clyde. They were a young couple in love who were out on the open road, running from the \"big, bad law\" who were \"out to get them.\" Clyde's impressive driving skill got the gang out of many close calls, while Bonnie's poetry won the hearts of many. (Clyde loved Fords so much, he even wrote a letter to Henry Ford himself!) [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Bonnie and Clyde [PAR] Although Bonnie and Clyde had killed people, they were equally known for kidnapping policemen who had caught up to them and then driving them around for hours only to release them, unharmed, hundreds of miles away. The two seemed like they were on an adventure, having fun while easily side-stepping the law. [PAR] As with any image, the truth behind Bonnie and Clyde was far from their portrayal in the newspapers. Bonnie and Clyde were responsible for 13 murders, some of whom were innocent people, killed during one of Clyde's many bungled robberies. Bonnie and Clyde lived out of their car, stealing new cars as often as possible, and lived off the money they stole from small grocery stores and gas stations. [PAR] While Bonnie and Clyde sometimes robbed banks, they never managed to walk away with very much money. Bonnie and Clyde were desperate criminals, constantly fearing what they were sure was to come -- dying in a hail of bullets from a police ambush. [PAR] Background of Bonnie [PAR] Bonnie Parker was born on October 1, 1910 in Rowena, Texas as the second of three children to Henry and Emma Parker. The family lived somewhat comfortably off Henry Parker's job as a bricklayer, but when he died unexpectedly in 1914, Emma Parker moved the family in with her mother in the small town of Cement City, Texas (now part of Dallas). [PAR] From all accounts, Bonnie Parker was beautiful. She stood 4' 11\" and weighed a mere 90 pounds. She did well in school and loved to write poetry. ( Two poems that she wrote while on the run helped make her famous.) [PAR] Bored with her average life, Bonnie dropped out of school at age 16 and married Roy Thornton. The marriage wasn't a happy one and Roy began to spend a lot of time away from home by 1927. Two years later, Roy was caught for robbery and sentenced to five years in prison. They never divorced. [PAR] While Roy was away, Bonnie worked as a waitress; however, she was out of a job just as the Great Depression was really getting started at the end of 1929. [PAR] Background of Clyde [PAR] Clyde Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 in Telico, Texas as the sixth of eight children to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Untouchables - Moviepedia - Wikia The Untouchables | Moviepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Prohibition in the United States led to an organized crime wave in the 1920s and early 1930s. Various gangs bootlegged vast amounts of alcohol and controlled their businesses with violence and extortion. The problem was most serious in Chicago, where gang leader Al Capone (Robert De Niro) had almost the whole city (even the Mayor of Chicago) under his control, and supplied low-quality liquor at high prices. Treasury Department agent Eliot Ness (Kevin Costner) was put in charge of leading the crusade against Capone and his empire. Ness's initial strategy was to conduct raids using a large squad of uniformed officers, but these failed due to high level corruption in the Police Department, who secretly warned Capone's men of Ness's raids and hoped that a public humiliation would put a quick end to Ness's efforts. [PAR] Seeking ideas for a change of tactics, Ness solicited help from Jim Malone (Sean Connery), an incorruptible Irish American police officer, following a chance encounter one evening. Malone advised Ness to recruit directly from the police academy in order to ensure the officers not have a chance to come under Capone's influence. An Italian American trainee George Stone, formerly Giuseppe Petri (Andy Garcia) was enlisted, due to his superior marksmanship and intelligence under pressure. Along with an accountant, Oscar Wallace (Charles Martin Smith), assigned to Ness from Washington, he had acquired a team capable of combating Capone without fear of corruption. [PAR] Their first raid took place in a local post office, where its storeroom was used to house illegal liquor. Malone, along with most of the police, knew where the alcohol was, and knew it was left alone because no one wanted to provoke Capone and his gang. The raid succeeded without anyone getting killed, though Capone took his revenge on the foreman later. As the four picked up steam and became noted by the press, Wallace informed Ness that Capone had not filed an income tax return since 1926. Therefore a feasible method of prosecuting him would have been through a tax evasion charge, if nothing else. At one point, Ness and his men were visited by one of Capone's men offering them a large sum of money in exchange for their dropping the investigation, but Ness angrily rejected the bribe and threw him out, but not before the man invented the name \"The Untouchables\" for them, and told them that anyone could be assassinated, even them. [PAR] The man's words proved to be true when Capone's chief hit man, Frank Nitti (Billy Drago), made smart remarks about Ness and his family outside his house, and drove off before Ness could capture him. Realizing Capone was targeting him and his family, Ness ordered his wife and daughter moved to a safer place while he instructed his team to keep a lower profile during the investigations. [PAR] During a raid on the Canada-United States border, Ness captured one of Capone\u2019s bookkeepers, George (Brad Sullivan). They managed to persuade him to provide evidence against Capone. However, when Wallace was escorting him to witness protection, Nitti, disguised as a policeman, shot and killed them both, writing the word \"Touchable\" with their blood (mocking the team's nickname.) This left Ness with insufficient evidence to press charges, and the frustration drove him into challenging Capone to a physical fight in front of his son and henchmen, for the timely intervention of Malone, who forced Ness out of the hotel and saved him from Capone's wrath. [PAR] Malone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Dillinger - Biography - IMDb John Dillinger - Biography - IMDb [PAR] John Dillinger [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 28 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (10) | Personal Quotes (10) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] One of the most famous bank robbers in history, he was born John Herbert Dillinger on June 22, 1903, to a grocery store owner named John Wilson Dillinger and his wife Mollie (the family also included an older sister, Audrey). By all accounts the Dillingers were a normal \"all-American\" family, but the normality was broken when John was three and his mother passed away (her death has been ascribed to a variety of causes, but the best guess is that she died of pneumonia). With his mother gone and his sister getting married and moving out a few years later, John was left alone with his father, who was caring but not very affectionate. In that kind of environment young John, a naturally rambunctious boy, began to rebel and get into all sorts of mischief, including shoplifting, vandalism and even stealing coal from train cars and selling it to neighbors. In order to curb his son's wild behavior, as well as to fulfill his own need for companionship, John Sr. married Elizabeth Fields and moved the family back to her hometown of Mooresville, IN, but the change of scenery did little to deter John's behavior. He was still in and out of trouble, and by the time he was 16 he had dropped out of high school and taken a job at a machine shop. Even as a young adult, though, John was irresponsible and in 1921 he was caught by a policeman in Indianpolis trying to steal a car. He managed to elude the officer in a foot pursuit, fled home and joined the Navy. He was assigned to the U.S.S. Utah (a ship that would later be sunk by the Japanese at Pearl Harbor). Unable to stay out of trouble even in the Navy, he soon deserted and returned home, and not long afterwards in 1924 he married Beryl Hovius and took another job. He was a neglectful and sometimes abusive husband and an absentee worker, and hooked up with an ex-con named Ed Singleton. They hatched a plan to mug an elderly grocer named Frank Morgan, who was known to carry his weekly cash and receipts with him to the bank after his store closed on Saturday night. The plan was for John to rob the old man at gunpoint on the street and hop into a getaway car driven by Singleton, which was parked at a nearby curb. However, when John confronted Morgan, the old man fought back, knocking the gun out of John's hand and causing it to fire. Thinking he had accidentally shot the old man (which he hadn't), John fled to the pre-arranged getaway spot, only to find that Singleton wasn't there. He fled on foot but was caught two days later. The incident aroused public indignation, and after a trial and conviction, the judge gave John 10 years for assault with a deadly weapon (he had tried pistol-whipping the old man) and 20 years for attempted robbery, despite the fact that this was John's first crime and he had pleaded guilty and confessed freely to the crime. Embittered, Dillinger vowed revenge. [PAR] He was sent to Indiana's Pendleton Reformatory, where he hooked up with experienced thieves Harry Pierpont and Homer Van Meter."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lethal Weapon (TV Series 2016\u2013 ) - IMDb Lethal Weapon (TV Series 2016\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] TV show based on the popular 'Lethal Weapon' films in which a slightly unhinged cop is partnered with a veteran detective trying to maintain a low stress level in his life. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Holiday celebrations are cut short when the precinct is called to examine a homicide linked to the deranged nephew of the drug lord who has ties to Riggs; and Murtaugh has a problem with his ... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] When a million dollar casino heist takes a deadly turn, Riggs befriends the only credible witness, an eight-year-old boy, and takes him into his care. On the flip side, Murtaugh pulls some dangerous ... [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] Roger and Trish finds themselves against each other when a stolen car full of cocaine is traced to a ring of car thieves. [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 12 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Lethal Weapon \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Young Angus \"Mac\" MacGyver creates a clandestine organization within the U.S. government, relying on his unconventional problem-solving skills to save lives. [PAR] Stars: Lucas Till, George Eads, Tristin Mays [PAR] A conspiracy thriller that follows the journey of Bob Lee Swagger, a highly-decorated veteran who is coaxed back into action to prevent a plot to kill the President. [PAR] Stars: Ryan Phillippe, Shantel VanSanten, Cynthia Addai-Robinson [PAR] An unlikely trio travel through time in order to battle unknown criminals and protect history as we know it. [PAR] Stars: Matt Lanter, Malcolm Barrett, Paterson Joseph [PAR] BULL stars Michael Weatherly as Dr. Jason Bull in a drama inspired by the early career of Dr. Phil McGraw, the founder of one of the most prolific trial consulting firms of all time. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Michael Weatherly, Freddy Rodr\u00edguez, Geneva Carr [PAR] A police detective in 2016 discovers that she is able to communicate with her father via a ham radio, despite the fact that he died in 1996. [PAR] Stars: Devin Kelley, Peyton List, Riley Smith [PAR] Conviction I (TV Series 2016) [PAR] Drama [PAR] A brilliant attorney and former First Daughter is blackmailed to heading a unit that investigates cases of wrongful conviction. [PAR] Stars: Emily Kinney, Hayley Atwell, Eddie Cahill [PAR] Jane Doe is found in Times Square with no memory and mysterious tattoos on her body. [PAR] Stars: Sullivan Stapleton, Jaimie Alexander, Rob Brown [PAR] Pure Genius (TV Series 2016) [PAR] Drama [PAR] A young Silicon Valley tech-titan enlists a veteran surgeon with a controversial past in starting a hospital with a cutting-edge, new school approach to medicine. [PAR] Stars: Dermot Mulroney, Augustus Prew, Odette Annable [PAR] A charismatic defense attorney and a powerhouse television producer work together to control the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reservoir Dogs Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Reservoir Dogs Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 941 reviews in total [PAR] 356 out of 447 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Quentin Tarantino begins his directing career with the first of several chronologically mixed, disturbingly violent, and incredibly powerful films. [PAR] from Luoyang, China [PAR] 18 August 2000 [PAR] Reservoir Dogs is a testament to the idea that \"less is more.\" This doesn't apply to the violence, the film is extremely violent from beginning to end, but the details of the botched diamond heist, which the entire film is based on, are conveyed only in the dialogue, except for one scene where Mr. Pink (Steve Buscemi) recalls his escape. The whole film takes place after the failed robbery is over, and the mystery that unfolds among the criminal participants is amazing to watch. [PAR] This is not a normal crime film. The thing that really sets Reservoir Dogs apart from all of the others is that it is PURE. When you look at the screen, you're looking at reality. There are no Hollywood actors, there's no make-up to make them look pretty, there's little to no comic relief, and most important of all, there's no goofy romantic subplot clumsily thrown in, a detrimental trademark of so many action films, as well as virtually all Jerry Bruckheimer films. Instead of all of that garbage, Tarantino decided to just present the film as simply and straightforwardly as possible, and by doing that he makes it seem that you're really looking at a bunch of criminals trying to figure out what to do after a suspiciously failed robbery. [PAR] Even though most of the actors were known at the time this film was made, the film was delivered in such a way that you don't see the actors at all, you only see the brutal characters that they portray. It is genuinely frightening to imagine being in the same room with any of them, and this is a quality that is rarely achieved in any kind of film. [PAR] Make no mistake, Reservoir Dogs is among the most violent films ever made, and some scenes are really painful to watch, but the way that reality is captured is something that justifies the violent excesses in this film. The violence is never glorified, nor is the criminal lifestyle. When films are overly violent, they usually get branded as such, but despite the extreme violence, Reservoir Dogs still manages to deliver an important overall message about the consequences of your actions. It remains high on the growing list of Tarantino's classic films, and it will not be soon forgotten. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 291 out of 397 people found the following review useful: [PAR] A timeless classic...seriously [PAR] from Ireland [PAR] 15 July 2005 [PAR] The first time I saw Reservoir Dogs, I was about 15, it had been banned in my country, and I heard it was extremely voilent. Naturally I did everything in my power to get my paws on a copy, and when I finally did see it, I was disappointed. I was just sitting there saying \"Wheres all the violence\", Anyway, I watched it till the end, and then I watched it again, and since then it has just grew on me. [PAR] This is one of the movies I don't get bored watching time and time again. I still watch it at least once a year, because its not the kind of movie you watch to unwind or to pass the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles about Kim Basinger - latimes Articles about Kim Basinger - latimes [PAR] `Shrek' cast could make others green with envy [PAR] May 13, 2007 | Deborah Netburn [PAR] What you'll be talking about: \"Shrek the Third.\" So what makes this \"Shrek\" different from all other \"Shreks\"? A cavalcade of new familiar voices, including Justin Timberlake, Regis Philbin, Amy Poehler, Seth Rogen, Amy Sedaris and John Krasinski (sweet Jim from \"The Office\"). (Friday) What you might be sick of talking about: Kim Basinger. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Jury Refuses to Add Punitive Damages for Kim Basinger [PAR] March 26, 1993 | ROBERT W. WELKOS, TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] One day after ordering actress Kim Basinger to pay $8.9 million for breaching an oral agreement to appear in the movie \"Boxing Helena,\" a Los Angeles jury refused Thursday to add punitive damages to the verdict. [PAR] CALIFORNIA | LOCAL [PAR] Judge Refuses to Dismiss Charges Against Actress [PAR] October 12, 2006 | From Times Staff and Wire Reports [PAR] A Superior Court judge Wednesday refused to dismiss 12 misdemeanor contempt charges against actress Kim Basinger, who is accused of failing to heed court orders in her custody fight with her former husband, actor Alec Baldwin. Basinger pleaded not guilty last week. She faces up to 60 days in jail and a $12,000 fine if convicted of all counts. Baldwin, 48, and Basinger, 52, separated in 2000 after seven years of marriage. [PAR] ENTERTAINMENT [PAR] Home Entertainment : More of Kim Basinger Than Ever Before [PAR] July 1, 1994 | BARBARA SALTZMAN, TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] Kim Basinger has spelled steam on the big screen for the better part of a decade--some of it just too hot for American movie audiences to handle. Well, don't despair. If you have a laser player, she can steam up your living room TV screen in unrated releases of two of her sexiest performances: \"The Getaway\" from MCA/Universal Home Video, $35, and \"9 1/2 Weeks\" from MGM/UA Home Video, $40. [PAR] ENTERTAINMENT [PAR] Kim Basinger Court Case Shines Light on Deal-Making : Trial: The 'Boxing Helena' lawsuit is the second recent high-profile dispute involving a star's defection from a project. 'The way the industry does business is what is on trial here.' [PAR] March 1, 1993 | DAVID J. FOX, TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] In Hollywood, movie deals involving millions of dollars are routinely made with a simple handshake. It's often the case that a film has been completed before the lawyers work out the details and the star signs a contract. This may be common in industry circles. But will it make sense to a jury of Los Angeles County residents? That's the question this week as actress Kim Basinger confronts charges that she backed out of a movie she allegedly had agreed to star in. Main Line Pictures Inc. [PAR] BUSINESS [PAR] Company Town : Kim Basinger Seeks Further Bankruptcy Protection : Creditors Say Actress Is Trying to 'Insulate' Recent Earnings [PAR] December 28, 1993 | ROBERT W. WELKOS, TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] Actress Kim Basinger, claiming that her creditors are demanding a say over what movies she makes and even whether she has a baby in order to force payment of a staggering $8-million jury verdict in the \"Boxing Helena\" case, has decided to seek further bankruptcy protection, her attorneys said Monday. Basinger, who has appeared in such films as \"Batman\" and \"9 1/2 Weeks,\" will convert a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing she made earlier this year into a Chapter 7 filing, attorney Leslie Cohen said. [PAR] ENTERTAINMENT [PAR] MOVIE REVIEW :"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE FRENCH CONNECTION (a J!-ENT Blu-ray Disc Review) THE FRENCH CONNECTION (a J!-ENT Blu-ray Disc Review) : J!-ENT \u2013 j-entonline.com [PAR] THE FRENCH CONNECTION (a J!-ENT Blu-ray Disc Review) [PAR] February 19, 2009 by Dennis Amith [PAR] \u201cThe definitive version of \u2018THE FRENCH CONNECTION\u2019 to own. Loaded with special features, an all-out exciting and informative Blu-ray release that is a fantastic tribute to one of the true classic crime thrillers!\u201c [PAR] TITLE: THE FRENCH CONNECTION [PAR] DURATION: 104 minutes [PAR] BLU-RAY DISC INFORMATION: Widescreen 1:85:1, English 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio, English Dolby Digital, English Mono, Spanish French 5.1 Dolby Digital, AVC 34.5 MBPS [PAR] COMPANY: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment [PAR] RATED: R [PAR] Based on a book by Robin Moore [PAR] Screenplay by Ernest Tidyman [PAR] Produced by Philip D\u2019antoni [PAR] Associate Producer: Kenneth Utt [PAR] Executive Producer: G. David Schine [PAR] Music composed and conducted by Don Ellis [PAR] Cast: [PAR] Gene Hackman as Jimmy \u201cPopeye\u201d Doyle [PAR] Roy Scheider as Det. Buddy Russo [PAR] Fernando Rey as Alain Charnier [PAR] Tony Lo Bianco as Sal Boca [PAR] Marcel Bozzuffi as Pierre Nicoli [PAR] Frederic de Pasquale as Devereaux [PAR] Bill Hickman as Mulderig [PAR] Ann Rebbot as Marie Charnier [PAR] Harold Gary as Weinstock [PAR] Arlene Farber as Angie Boca [PAR] Sonny Grosso as Klein [PAR] Benny Marino as Lou Boca [PAR] New York City detectives \u201cPopeye\u201d Doyle (Gene Hackman) and Buddy Russo (Roy Scheider) hope to break a narcotics smuggling ring and ultimately uncover \u201cThe French Connection\u201d. Based on a true story, this action-filled thriller won five 1971 Academy Awards: Best Picture, Directing (William Friedkin), Actor (Gene Hackman), Adapted Screenplay and Film Editing. [PAR] Known for having one of the best car scenes in a film. Known for it\u2019s gritty storyline and showcasing a different side of the police. \u201cTHE FRENCH CONNECTION\u201d, the winner of five Academy Awards back in 1971 will be released on Blu-ray disc. And all I can say is that if you are a big fan of this film, \u201cTHE FRENCH CONNECTION\u201d on Blu-ray disc is the definitive version to own. [PAR] The film will always be known for its grittiness, a different take of a New York police detective, a car chase scene, the music and its grittiness. But what the Blu-ray disc also provides is the making and behind-the-scenes of \u201cTHE FRENCH CONNECTION\u201d which probably can be a movie in itself because of all that went on behind-the-scenes which was very surprising. [PAR] But before I explain why this Blu-ray release is awesome, let me first explain what the film is about. [PAR] \u201cTHE FRENCH CONNECTION\u201d is a film adaption of the popular non-fiction book by Robin Moore which was based on the investigation by New York City detectives Eddie Egan and Sonny Grosso who were looking into narcotics trafficking from overseas from France to the United States and how they began their surveillance on criminals which include Jean Jehan and popular French TV personality Jacques Angelvin. [PAR] The film adaption is 90% based on the actual adventures of these two detectives but the names were changed. Eddie Egan was changed to Jimmy \u201cPopeye\u201d Doyle (played by Gene Hackman) and Sonny Grosso, name changed to Sonny \u201cCloudy\u201d Grosso (played by Roy Scheider). [PAR] Jimmy \u201cPopeye\u201d Doyle is not your typical police officer. He follows the beat of his own drum, interrogates thugs and people the way he wants. A ladies man and a feared by criminals on the streets. Very outspoken, rash and always looking for trouble. [PAR] As for Sonny \u201cCloudy\u201d Grosso, he is the total opposite."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RoboCop (cyborg 1987) - Robocop Wiki - Wikia RoboCop | RoboCop Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] This article is a disambiguation page. [PAR] The following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title. [PAR] Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. [PAR] The term RoboCop may refer to a number of articles:[DOC] [TLE] RoboCop (1987) - IMDb RoboCop (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In a dystopic and crime-ridden Detroit, a terminally wounded cop returns to the force as a powerful cyborg haunted by submerged memories. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 27 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 21 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 07 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" RoboCop \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 11 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Cyborg law enforcer RoboCop returns to protect the citizens of old Detroit but faces a deadly challenge when a rogue OCP member secretly creates a new, evil RoboCop 2. [PAR] Director: Irvin Kershner [PAR] When a man goes for virtual vacation memories of the planet Mars, an unexpected and harrowing series of events forces him to go to the planet for real - or does he? [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] A team of commandos on a mission in a Central American jungle find themselves hunted by an extraterrestrial warrior. [PAR] Director: John McTiernan [PAR] Humans in a fascistic, militaristic future do battle with giant alien bugs in a fight for survival. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] Amidst a territorial gang war in 1997, a sophisticated alien hunter stalks the citizens of Los Angeles and the only man between him and his prey is veteran L.A.P.D. officer, Lieutenant Mike Harrigan. [PAR] Director: Stephen Hopkins [PAR] A fearless, globe-trotting, terrorist-battling secret agent has his life turned upside down when he discovers his wife might be having an affair with a used car salesman. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] A wrongly convicted man must try to survive a public execution gauntlet staged as a game show. [PAR] Director: Paul Michael Glaser [PAR] A retired elite Black Ops Commando launches a one man war against a group of South American criminals who have kidnapped his daughter . [PAR] Director: Mark L. Lester [PAR] Robocop saves the day once more. This time the half man/half robot takes on ruthless developers who want to evict some people on \"their\" land. [PAR] Director: Fred Dekker [PAR] In 2028 Detroit, when Alex Murphy - a loving husband, father and good cop - is critically injured in the line of duty, the multinational conglomerate OmniCorp sees their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Outlaw Josey Wales Movie Review (1976) | Roger Ebert The Outlaw Josey Wales Movie Review (1976) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Clint Eastwood's \"The Outlaw Josey Wales\" is a strange and daring Western that brings together two of the genre's usually incompatible story lines. On the one hand, it's about a loner, a man of action and few words, who turns his back on civilization and lights out for the Indian nations. On the other hand, it's about a group of people heading West who meet along the trail and cast their destinies together. What happens next is supposed to be against the rules in Westerns, as if \"Jeremiah Johnson\" were crossed with \" Stagecoach \": Eastwood, the loner, becomes the group's leader and father figure. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] We meet his character, Josey Wales, just after the Civil War. He's an unreconstructed Southerner, bitter about the atrocities he's witnessed, refusing to surrender. When Northern troops cold-bloodedly murder some of his comrades, he mows down the Yankees with a Gatling gun and becomes a fugitive. So far, we're on familiar ground; Eastwood plays essentially the same character he's been developing since the Dollar Westerns. He says little, keeps his face in the shadows, has an almost godlike personal invulnerability, and lives by a code we have to intuit because he'd die rather than explain it aloud. [PAR] But then this character begins to come across other drifters and refugees in the unsettled postwar West. The first is an old Indian, played by Chief Dan George with such wonderfully understated wit that there should have been an Oscar nomination around somewhere. \"I myself never surrendered,\" he explains to Josey Wales. \"But they got my horse, and it surrendered.\" [PAR] George achieves the same magical effect here that he did in \" Harry and Tonto ,\" trading Mixmasters for Indian medicine in a jail cell: He's funny and dignified at once. He joins up with the outlaw Eastwood, and their relationship is a reminder of all those great second bananas from the Westerns of the 1940s -- the grizzled old characters played by Gabby Hayes and Smiley Burnette. But Chief Dan George brings an aura to his role that audiences seem to respond to viscerally. He has his problems (he's humiliated, as an Indian, that he's grown so old he can no longer sneak up behind people), but he has a humanity that's just there, glowing. He's as open with his personality as Josey Wales is closed; it's a nice match. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Various, and inexhaustible, bounty hunters are constantly on the outlaw's trail, despite the Eastwood ability (in this movie as before) to wipe out six, eight, ten bad guys before they can get off a shot. Eastwood keeps moving West, picking up along the way a young Indian girl and then the survivors of a Kansas family nearly wiped out on their quest for El Dorado. The relationships in the group are easily established or implied. There's not a lot of talking, but everybody understands each other. [PAR] Eastwood is such a taciturn and action-oriented performer that it's easy to overlook the fact that he directs many of his movies -- and many of the best, most intelligent ones. Here, with the moody, gloomily beautiful, photography of Bruce Surtees , he creates a magnificent Western feeling. [PAR] Popular Blog Posts[DOC] [TLE] Movie Review - - THE OUTLAW JOSEY WALES - NYTimes.com Movie Review - - THE OUTLAW JOSEY WALES - NYTimes.com [PAR] THE OUTLAW JOSEY WALES [PAR] By Richard Eder [PAR] Published: August 5, 1976"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doc Holliday (Dentist) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Doc Holliday (Dentist) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Doc Holliday [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Aug 14, 1851 [PAR] John Henry \"Doc\" Holliday was an American gambler, gunfighter and dentist of the American Old West, who is usually remembered for his friendship with Wyatt Earp and his involvement in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. As a young man, Holliday earned a D.D.S. degree in dentistry and set up a practice in Atlanta, Georgia. However, in 1873 he was diagnosed with consumption, the same disease that had claimed his mother when he was 15.\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Holliday, Herd Embrace Tough Schedule Huntington Herald Dispatch [PAR] Google News - Aug 27, 2011 [PAR] 'Second-year head coach <mark>Doc Holliday</mark> offers another candidate. &quot;The hardest schedule is what Jack Lengyel and those guys had in &#39;71 because they were starting over,&quot; Holliday said. Ever since he&#39;s taken over as the lead man in Huntington, Holliday has' [PAR] 2011 Marshall Football Radio Crew Announced West Virginia Metro News [PAR] Google News - Aug 25, 2011 [PAR] 'The University of Florida alumnus enters his 26th year calling intercollegiate football, basketball and baseball, and is also the host of the <mark>Doc Holliday</mark> and Tom Herrion Call-in Shows. This season, Mark Martin moves from the sidelines up to the' [PAR] Captains Named For 2011 Marshall Football Season Wowk [PAR] Google News - Aug 23, 2011 [PAR] 'HUNTINGTON -- There was never any doubt in Head Coach <mark>Doc Holliday</mark>&#39;s mind who the captains would be this season. \u00e2\u0080\u009cIt was unanimous who the team wanted as its leaders,\u00e2\u0080\u009d said Holliday. \u00e2\u0080\u009cThese guys have set standards that will serve as a benchmark for' [PAR] Holliday Has Changed Attitude West Virginia Metro News [PAR] Google News - Aug 22, 2011 [PAR] 'The more I hear <mark>Doc Holliday</mark> describe the 2011 Thundering Herd the more two points become clear to me. First, Doc likes the attitude and enthusiasm of this team. Secondly, the cupboard was left pretty bare following the departure of Mark Snyder' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Doc Holliday. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1851 Birth Born in 1851. [PAR] 1852 1 Year Old Holliday was baptized at the First Presbyterian Church in 1852. \u2026 Read More [PAR] He had a sister, Martha Eleanora Holliday, born December 3, 1849, who died at the age of six months.<br /><br /> In 1864, his family moved to Valdosta, Georgia, where his mother died of tuberculosis on September 16, 1866. The same disease killed his adopted brother. Three months after his wife's death, his father married Rachel Martin.<br /><br /> Holliday attended the Valdosta Institute, where he received a strong classical education in rhetoric, grammar, mathematics, history, and languages\u00e2\u0080\u0094principally Latin, but some French and Ancient Greek. Read Less [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1870 19 Years Old In 1870, 19-year-old Holliday left home for Philadelphia. [PAR] TWENTIES [PAR] 1872 - 1873 2 More Events [PAR] 1872 21 Years Old On March 1, 1872, at age 20, he received his Doctor of Dental Surgery degree from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery (now part of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine). \u2026 Read More [PAR] Holliday graduated five months before his 21st birthday, so the school held his degree until he turned 21, the minimum age required to practice dentistry.<br /><br /> Holliday moved to St. Louis, Missouri, so he could work as an assistant for a classmate, A. Jameson Fuches, Jr. Less than four months later, at the end of July, he relocated to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dimple Records - Bon Jovi,Jon : Blaze Of Glory Dimple Records - Bon Jovi,Jon : Blaze Of Glory [PAR] Blaze Of Glory [PAR] Billy Get Your Guns (4:49) [PAR] 2 [PAR] Justice in the Barrel (6:49) [PAR] 7 [PAR] You Really Got Me Now (2:24) [PAR] 9 [PAR] Dyin' Ain't Much of a Livin (4:46) [PAR] 11 [PAR] Guano City (1:00) [PAR] Notes / Reviews [PAR] Blaze of Glory is Jon Bon Jovi's first solo album, released in 1990. It includes songs from and inspired by the movie Young Guns II. Emilio Estevez asked for Bon Jovi's \"Wanted Dead or Alive\" as the theme song for his upcoming Billy the Kid sequel, but Jon Bon Jovi ended up composing an all new theme song for the film's soundtrack instead. The album featured guests such as Elton John, Little Richard, and Jeff Beck. Blaze of Glory was awarded a Golden Globe. It also received Academy Award and Grammy nominations. The \"Blaze of Glory\" single hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, with the album peaking at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart. [PAR] The album mainly focuses on the theme of redemption and whether an individual's past wrongs will catch up with them. Another theme on the album is about making a stand and making yourself heard in the world. Jon Bon Jovi said on the 100,000,000 Bon Jovi Fans Can't Be Wrong DVD that he originally thought the album's aggression and themes dealt with Billy the Kid and Pat Garrett from Young Guns II but has come to realize that they reflect the bad place he was in at the time. [PAR] Personnel [PAR] * Kenny Aronoff \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Drums, Percussion [PAR] * Jeff Beck \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Electric Guitar [PAR] * Jon Bon Jovi \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Vocals, Backing Vocals, Guitars, Piano, Harmonica, Producer [PAR] * Robbin Crosby \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Guitar [PAR] * Elton John \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Piano, Backing Vocals [PAR] * Danny Kortchmar \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Guitar, Producer [PAR] * Dale Lavi - Hand Claps [PAR] * Myrna Matthews \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Backing Vocals [PAR] * Aldo Nova \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Guitars, Keyboards, Piano, Tambourine [PAR] * Phil Parlapiano \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Accordion [PAR] * Lou Diamond Phillips \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Vocals [PAR] * The Runners \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Hand Claps [PAR] * Little Richard- Piano, Vocals [PAR] * Benmont Tench \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Organ, Piano [PAR] * Julia Waters \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Vocals, Backing Vocals [PAR] * Maxine Waters \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Backing Vocals [PAR] * Waddy Wachtel - Guitar, Slide Guitar [PAR] Production [PAR] *Jon Bon Jovi, Danny Kortchmar: Producers [PAR] *Brian Scheuble, Rob Jacobs: Engineering [PAR] Trivia [PAR] * Emilio Estevez had earlier told his friend Bon Jovi that \"Young Guns\" writer-producer, John Fusco, often listened to \"Wanted Dead or Alive\" while writing the sequel. Bon Jovi came to the New Mexico set of the sequel and performed a new original, on an acoustic guitar, for Estevez and Fusco. This was the first time \"Blaze of Glory\" was heard. Fusco called his co-producers into the trailer to listen, and the movie was named the theme song for \"Young Guns II\" right there. [PAR] * Jon Bon Jovi's lyrics from the song \"Santa Fe\" are quoted in the 1998 book, About a Boy. Although the author, Nick Hornby, would have been light-heartedly referring to John Donne's No Man is an Island. [PAR] *The song is also quoted in the film High Fidelity. [PAR] * In 1998, country singer Chris LeDoux recorded \"Bang A Drum\" which Jon would sing with LeDoux as a duet. [PAR] * In an interview for UNCUT magazine, Keifer Sutherland said \"When Jon (Bon Jovi) joined the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gene Autry's Cowboy Code - Conrad Askland blog Gene Autry's Cowboy Code - Conrad Askland blog [PAR] Conrad Askland blog [PAR] askland Leave a comment [PAR] Autry created the Cowboy Code or Cowboy Commandments in response to his young radio listeners aspiring to be just like Gene. I used to play keyboards for Roy Rogers Jr. \u2013 see Roy Rogers and Gene Autry had a friendly rivalry between them, all in good fun. But I\u2019d bet my saddle that Roy would agree with this list too. [PAR] 1. The Cowboy must never shoot first, hit a smaller man, or take unfair advantage. [PAR] 2. He must never go back on his word, or a trust confided in him. [PAR] 3. He must always tell the truth. [PAR] 4. He must be gentle with children, the elderly, and animals. [PAR] 5. He must not advocate or possess racially or religiously intolerant ideas. [PAR] 6. He must help people in distress. [PAR] 7. He must be a good worker. [PAR] 8. He must keep himself clean in thought, speech, action, and personal habits. [PAR] 9. He must respect women, parents, and his nation\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s laws. [PAR] 10. The Cowboy is a patriot. [PAR] No related posts."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Shootist (1976) - IMDb The Shootist (1976) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Robin Williams rejected for Harry Potter role thanks to 'British-only' rule [PAR] 2 hours ago [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A dying gunfighter spends his last days looking for a way to die with a minimum of pain and a maximum of dignity. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Guide to the Globes [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 12 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 13 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2014 [PAR] Search for \" The Shootist \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Marshal Rooster Cogburn unwillingly teams up with Eula Goodnight to track down the killers of her father. [PAR] Director: Stuart Millar [PAR] In 1909, when John Fain's gang kidnaps Big Jake McCandles' grandson and hold him for ransom, Big Jake sets out to rescue the boy. [PAR] Directors: George Sherman, John Wayne [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, Richard Boone, Maureen O'Hara [PAR] Ranch owner Katie Elder's four sons determine to avenge the murder of their father and the swindling of their mother. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] When his cattle drivers abandon him for the gold fields, rancher Wil Andersen is forced to take on a collection of young boys as his drivers in order to get his herd to market in time to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mark Rydell [PAR] A drunken, hard-nosed U.S. Marshal and a Texas Ranger help a stubborn teenager track down her father's murderer in Indian territory. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] J.D. Cahill is the toughest U.S. Marshal they've got, just the sound of his name makes bad guys stop in their tracks, so when his two young boys want to get his attention they decide to rob... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Andrew V. McLaglen [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X [PAR] Cole Thornton, a gunfighter for hire, joins forces with an old friend, Sheriff J.P. Hara. Together with an old Indian fighter and a gambler, they help a rancher and his family fight a rival rancher that is trying to steal their water. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] After the Civil War, Cord McNally searches for the traitor whose perfidy caused the defeat of McNally's unit and the loss of a close friend. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] Cattle baron John Chisum joins forces with Billy the Kid and Pat Garrett to fight the Lincoln County land war. [PAR] Director: Andrew V. McLaglen [PAR] A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) - IMDb The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance ( 1962 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Mads Mikkelsen: From Serial Killer to 'Star Wars' Secret Weapon [PAR] 19 December 2016 8:02 AM, -08:00 | Rollingstone.com [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 18 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 01 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 08 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) [PAR] 8.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] A group of people traveling on a stagecoach find their journey complicated by the threat of Geronimo and learn something about each other in the process. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A drunken, hard-nosed U.S. Marshal and a Texas Ranger help a stubborn teenager track down her father's murderer in Indian territory. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] Dunson leads a cattle drive, the culmination of over 14 years of work, to its destination in Missouri. But his tyrannical behavior along the way causes a mutiny, led by his adopted son. [PAR] Directors: Howard Hawks, Arthur Rosson [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, Montgomery Clift, Joanne Dru [PAR] An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] A marshall, personally compelled to face a returning deadly enemy, finds that his own town refuses to help him. [PAR] Director: Fred Zinnemann [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X [PAR] Cole Thornton, a gunfighter for hire, joins forces with an old friend, Sheriff J.P. Hara. Together with an old Indian fighter and a gambler, they help a rancher and his family fight a rival rancher that is trying to steal their water. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] A dying gunfighter spends his last days looking for a way to die with a minimum of pain and a maximum of dignity. [PAR] Director: Don Siegel [PAR] Ranch owner Katie Elder's four sons determine to avenge the murder of their father and the swindling of their mother. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] A cavalry officer posted on the Rio Grande must deal with murderous raiding Apaches, his son who's a risk-taking recruit and his wife from whom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SEC Info - Mark IV Industries Inc - \u201810-K\u2019 for 2/28/97 SEC Info - Mark IV Industries Inc - \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd10-K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd for 2/28/97 [PAR] Just\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1st [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K X ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (FEE REQUIRED) For the fiscal year ended February 28, 1997 OR ___ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (NO FEE REQUIRED) For the transition period from _________________ to ________________________ Commission File No. 1-8862 MARK IV INDUSTRIES, INC. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 23-1733979 _______________________________ ___________________________________ (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS employer Identification number) incorporation or organization) 501 John James Audubon Pkwy., P.O. Box 810, Amherst , NY 14226-0810 ------------------------------------------------------- ---------- (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: ( 716 ) 689-4972 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of exchange on Title of Class which registered -------------- ---------------------- Common Stock, $.01 par value New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X . No . --- --- Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant 's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. X --- The aggregate market value of the voting stock of the Registrant held by non-affiliates of the Registrant based on the closing price of the Common Stock on May 1, 1997 on the New York Stock Exchange was $1,262,013,328. As of May 1, 1997 , the number of outstanding shares of Registrant's Common Stock, $.01 par value, was 64,899,030 shares. Documents Incorporated By Reference ----------------------------------- Portions of the Registrant 's definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year are incorporated by reference into Part III. [PAR] 10-K [PAR] Just\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd2nd [PAR] MARK IV INDUSTRIES, INC. INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K PART I Page Item 1: Business ..................................................3 Item 2: Properties ...............................................15 Item 3: Legal Proceedings ........................................16 Item 4: Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders .....................................16 PART II Item 5: Market for the Company 's Common Stock and Related Security Holder Matters .........................17 Item 6: Selected Financial Data ..................................18 Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ...........................................20 Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ....................................................26 Item 9: Disagreement on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ..............................................48 PART III Item 10: Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant ..............................................48 Item 11: Executive Compensation ...................................48 Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management ...................................48 Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions ............................................48 PART IV Item 14: Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K .....................................48 Signatures ...............................................54 Exhibit Index ............................................55 [PAR] 10-K [PAR] Just\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd3rd [PAR] PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS General Mark IV Industries, Inc. (\"Mark IV\" or \" the Company \") is a diversified"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britain Has Over 600 Red Lion Pubs...What is a Red Lion ... Britain Has Over 600 Red Lion Pubs...What is a Red Lion? | Europe Forum | Fodor's Travel Talk Forums [PAR] Britain Has Over 600 Red Lion Pubs...What is a Red Lion? [PAR] Tagged: Switzerland [PAR] 7 4 days itinerary for France by vbansal | 5 responses; most recent on Jan 20, 17 at 12:26 AM [PAR] Tagged: France , Germany [PAR] 10 [PAR] Tagged: France [PAR] 11 Itinerary and transportation suggestions by blan1000 | 4 responses; most recent on Jan 19, 17 at 11:22 PM [PAR] Tagged: Italy [PAR] 14 Marksburg Castle Transport Question by hbo6 | 3 responses; most recent on Jan 19, 17 at 11:07 PM [PAR] Tagged: Turkey [PAR] 19 Road Trip From Frankfurt by GeorgeTony | 11 responses; most recent on Jan 19, 17 at 10:39 PM [PAR] Tagged: France [PAR] 23 Croatia and Montenegro Itinerary by Lolie | 2 responses; most recent on Jan 19, 17 at 09:52 PM [PAR] Britain Has Over 600 Red Lion Pubs...What is a Red Lion? [PAR] Posted by: PalenQ on Mar 28, 11 at 11:42 AM [PAR] Printer Friendly [PAR] The other day on Coronation Street, the long running popular British soap, it was said that 'Britain has over 600 Red Lion pubs and who has ever seen a red lion?\" [PAR] Well this got me to thinking what the heck is a red lion? The Scottish symbol? No it turns out and this site explains what it really stems from... [PAR] The inn-significance of the Red Lion | ZythophileDec 5, 2007 ... Here's what the ISS says about the Red Lion, often claimed to be the commonest pub name in Britain (though at around 650 examples it is ... [PAR] HOW MANY RED LION PUBS HAVE YOU BEEN IN/ [PAR] I wonder if this is the msot common pub name in Britain? [PAR] Kate on Mar 28, 11 at 12:03 PM [PAR] I'm not sure there's a single reason for the red lion, I suspect it's simply the fact that it so commonly appears of heraldic arms. So if the local landowner had a red lion on his crest, the local tenant tavern may have taken the name as a result. Similarly popular names include the White Lion and the Rose & Crown. [PAR] 'The Crown' might be the Red Lion's chief contender for most popular name. I wonder if anyone has ever counted? [PAR] My favourite story comes from a pub I used to visit in Buckinghamshire called the Bull & Butcher. It dates from Tudor times, and the rumour is that the name was a not-so-secret code for 'The Bullen Butcher', ie Henry VIII, who chopped off the head of Anne Boleyn (also written as 'Bullen'). [PAR] According to BBPA [British Beer and Pub Association], the most common names are: [PAR] Red Lion (759) [PAR] and according to CAMRA [Campaign For Real Ale]they are: [PAR] Crown (704) [PAR] Bell (378) [PAR] New Inn (372) [PAR] Both surveys conducted in 2007. The reason for the discrepancy is due to the ambiguity as to what constitutes a public house as opposed to other licensed premises. [PAR] Many long moons ago I used to work in a pub called \"My Father's Moustache\" in Lincolnshire. I suspect that may have been at the other end of the scale. [PAR] flanneruk on Mar 28, 11 at 12:59 PM [PAR] The Scottish national arms feature a red lion - and many Red Lion pubs roughly date from the time James of Scotland took over as king of England."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amos Brearly - Emmerdale Wiki - Wikia Amos Brearly | Emmerdale Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Amos was Beckindale 's local gossip, he was at the centre of all the local news, in The Woolpack . In 1973 , Amos was convinced that the brewery liked couples to run pubs and Amos saw a decent woman in Annie Sugden . Annie turned Amos down gently, later he went into business with Henry Wilks and they ran the pub together until Amos retired. In 1976 The Woolpack premises had to be moved when it was found to be suffering from subsidence. In 1978 while closing up The Woolpack Amos and Mr Wilks were threatened by burglars and were locked in the cellar all night. However, later that year he was proud to give his barmaid Dolly Acaster away when she married Matt Skilbeck . [PAR] In summer 1980 , gamekeeper Seth Armstrong switched from The Malt Shovel to The Woolpack - Seth continuously irritated Amos. [PAR] Amos gained an allotment in 1980, and this was the scene of much rivalry between himself and Seth for many years. In late 1980, Amos's aunt Emily turned up for a visit. Amos was terrified of her. She fled from The Woolpack on discovering that Amos had written-up a report on UFOs spotted locally, stating that he was tampering with unknown forces. A couple of years later, she returned to announce that Amos's uncle Arthur had died. Aunt Emily thought she stood to gain from Arthur's will, but she was only bequeathed some old junk, including an elephant's foot umbrella stand. [PAR] In 1981 , Amos set up his own village newsletter - The Beckindale Bugle . It was short-lived. [PAR] In 1983 , Amos sought upward mobility by cultivating the friendship of NY Estates boss Alan Turner . He was distressed to hear Alan criticising him to a golfing pal. From then on, Amos treated Alan frostily, insisting on calling him \"Mr Turner\". [PAR] Amos had a brother Ezra Brearly .. He also mentioned another brother who had died young. [PAR] Amos's rivalry with Ernie Shuttleworth of The Malt Shovel public house took on a new intensity during the '80s, as each tried to outdo the other with various ventures, including happy hours, juke boxes and dominoes tournaments. In 1984 , Ernie was thrilled to get Amos a ticking off from the local police by tampering with The Woolpack clock so the pub was caught serving drinks after hours. [PAR] In 1988 , Amos seemed set to marry Gloria Pinfold , an old sweetheart of his from many years before. She was a strong-willed woman who moved into The Woolpack and interfered with Henry's book keeping and the diet of the two men, insisting that full English breakfasts were not to be eaten because of cholesterol and fat content. Finally, she had a better offer from another man and left Amos. [PAR] In the summer of 1989 , Henry got hay fever and drove Amos mad with his sneezing. Amos also discovered a crop circle at Home Farm and was convinced that aliens had landed in Beckindale . Sadly, by the time Amos took a local expert to see the fantastic spectacle, the field had been harvested. [PAR] In July 1990 , while celebrating friend Annie's 70th birthday, Amos suffered a stroke. Shortly after he decided to retire to Spain in January 1991 handing the pub over to Alan Turner, he returned to the village in October for Henry's funeral. He made a brief return in 1992 ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] One-Letter Name - TV Tropes One-Letter Name - TV Tropes [PAR] One-Letter Name [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] \u2014 Sebastian Stark, Shark [PAR] When you take Only One Name to the extreme, this is the result. Most often a Code Name . [PAR] For some reason letters from the second half of the alphabet are much more likely to be chosen. Even people who change their names to something starting with A to get to the top of an alphabetical list seem to never use just A. [PAR] A fair number of older novels (from, say, the 19th and early 20th centuries) use this as a form of \"discretion shot\". (See Spell My Name with a Blank .) For example, a lot of Sherlock Holmes stories refer to \"Mr. B\u2014\u2014\" as a way to imply that this is a real person and the story really happened in the real world, but that due to the potentially embarrassing nature of the events Watson is too much of a gentleman to reveal Mr. B's true identity. [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Anime and Manga [PAR] A serial killer in Hell Teacher Nube that patterns himself after Aka Manto (Red Mantle) is simply referred to by authorities as \"A\". It's clear this is an attributed alias, but we never learn his real name. [PAR] I Wish has the male protagonist called K. It's stated early on that he goes by K, because his real name is cursed. [PAR] Count D and his relatives in Pet Shop of Horrors . [PAR] D, the alien spy from Project A-ko . It is, however, a code name. [PAR] Yu-Gi-Oh! GX : [PAR] In the English dub, Aster Phoenix's adoptive father is named The D . In the Japanese version, he was called DD, which is a two-letter name , but comes close. [PAR] In the Japanese version, the Deck Destruction pro-duelist is named X. In the English dub, he was called Howard X. Miller. [PAR] G, the Big Bad of Real Bout High School , who honestly doesn't remember his name after the years of psychological and physical conditioning he was subjected to since he was a boy in order to become the perfect bodyguard. As far as he's concerned, it's a placeholder; He'll find out what his name is if it's the last thing he does. Like many characters in the series , G is a Captain Ersatz of a King of Fighters character; in his case, K' (see below). [PAR] G., the first Vongola Storm Guardian from Katekyo Hitman Reborn! . [PAR] Phantom Thief G? from D.Gray-Man [PAR] Soldat J, from GaoGaiGar [PAR] J from Heat Guy J [PAR] J from Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo . You know, the one with the garlic/onion (the heroes can never decide this) for a head? [PAR] In the Diamond/Pearl saga of the Pok\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdmon anime, a villain known as Pokemon Hunter J and a one-shot filler character known as O were introduced. [PAR] In Pok\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdmon Adventures , the protagonists of each arc are named after their generation's games. So the protagonists for the XY arc are named... X and Y. Granted, when romanized their names become Ekkusu and Wai, but it still doesn't make their names any less weird. Averted with Y in the Viz version, as her actual name is Yvonne but has 'Y' as her nickname. [PAR] Gravitation 's K. (Although his actual name is revealed later.) [PAR] K in Puni Puni Poemi . [PAR] L from Death Note . A handful"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Book of General Ignorance by Tarek Saif (page 102) - issuu Book of General Ignorance by Tarek Saif (page 102) - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] Issuu on Google+ [PAR] Generated by ABC Amber LIT Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abclit.html [PAR] During World War I, both Germany and Austria ran short on supplies of cotton. In search of a suitable replacement, scientists chanced upon an ingenious solution: mixing very small quantities of cotton with nettles\u2014specifically, the hardy fibers of the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). Without any form of systematic production, the Germans cultivated 1,413 tons of this material in 1915, and a further 2,976 tons the following year. After a brief struggle, the British captured two German overalls in 1917, and their construction was analyzed with some surprise. Nettles have many advantages over cotton for agriculture\u2014cotton needs a lot of watering, it only grows in a warm climate, and requires a lot of pesticide treatment if it is to be grown economically. There\u2019s no danger of being stung by a \u201cfull nettle jacket\u201d either, as the stinging hairs\u2014little hypodermic syringes made of silica and filled with poison\u2014are not used in production. The long fibers in the stems are all that are useful. The Germans were by no means the first to stumble across this plant\u2019s many uses. Archaeological remains from around Europe reveal that it\u2019s been used for tens of thousands of years for fishing nets, twine, and cloth. The Bottle Inn, a pub in Marshwood, Dorset, England, holds an annual World Stinging Nettle Eating Championship. Rules are strict: no gloves, no mouth-numbing drugs (other than beer), and no regurgitation. The trick appears to be to fold the top of the nettle leaf toward you and push it past your lips before swigging it down with ale. A dry mouth, they say, is a sore mouth. The winner is the one who has the longest set of bare stalks at the end of an hour. The current record is 48 feet for men, and about 26 feet for women. Who discovered penicillin? Sir Alexander Fleming is a long way down the list. Bedouin tribesmen in North Africa have made a healing ointment from the mold on donkey harnesses for more than a thousand years. In 1897 a young French army doctor called Ernest Duchesne rediscovered this by observing how Arab stable boys used the mold from damp saddles to treat saddle sores. He conducted thorough research identifying the mold asPenicillium glaucum , used it to cure typhoid in guinea pigs, and noted its destructive effect onE. coli bacteria. It was the first clinically tested use of what came to be called penicillin. He sent in the research as his doctoral thesis, urging further study, but the Institut Pasteur didn\u2019t even acknowledge receipt of his work, perhaps because he was only twenty-three and a completely unknown student. [PAR] Tarek Saif Follow publisher Unfollow publisher [PAR] Be the first to know about new publications.[DOC] [TLE] The Bugle Dordogne - Jun 2014 by The Bugle - issuu The Bugle Dordogne - Jun 2014 by The Bugle - issuu [PAR] Brant\u00f4me hosts first British Weekend On the weekend of 21st/22nd June, the town dubbed the Venice of the P\u00e9rigord will be hosting a cross-cultural event celebrating all things British [PAR] >> Page 21 [PAR] Dordogne June 2014 - Issue #12 [PAR] France votes for farright Front National France has overwhelmingly voted for the far-right Front National in the recent European elections. With 25% of the vote, the FN won their first ever national poll, pushing President Hollande's Socialist Party down to a disastrous third place. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Some Like It Hot (1959) - IMDb Some Like It Hot (1959) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Some Like It Hot ( 1959 ) [PAR] Not Rated | [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] When two male musicians witness a mob hit, they flee the state in an all-female band disguised as women, but further complications set in. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 21 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 03 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 3 weeks ago [PAR] Title: Some Like It Hot (1959) [PAR] 8.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 9 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A man tries to rise in his company by letting its executives use his apartment for trysts, but complications and a romance of his own ensue. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] A hack screenwriter writes a screenplay for a former silent-film star who has faded into Hollywood obscurity. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] An insurance representative lets himself be talked into a murder/insurance fraud scheme that arouses an insurance investigator's suspicions. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] A hapless New York advertising executive is mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies, and is pursued across the country while he looks for a way to survive. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A San Francisco detective suffering from acrophobia investigates the strange activities of an old friend's wife, all the while becoming dangerously obsessed with her. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A silent film production company and cast make a difficult transition to sound. [PAR] Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly [PAR] Stars: Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Debbie Reynolds [PAR] A veteran British barrister must defend his client in a murder trial that has surprise after surprise. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] A wheelchair-bound photographer spies on his neighbours from his apartment window and becomes convinced one of them has committed murder. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] An ingenue insinuates herself into the company of an established but aging stage actress and her circle of theater friends. [PAR] Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz [PAR] Showgirls Lorelei Lee and Dorothy Shaw travel to Paris, pursued by a private detective hired by the suspicious father of Lorelei's fianc\u00e9, as well as a rich, enamored old man and many other doting admirers. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When two Chicago musicians, Joe and Jerry, witness the the St. Valentine's Day massacre, they want to get out of town and get away from the gangster responsible, Spats Colombo. They're desperate to get a gig out of town"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Viola (Cesario) in Twelfth Night, or What You Will Viola (Cesario) in Twelfth Night, or What You Will [PAR] NEXT [PAR] Character Analysis [PAR] Viola is Twelfth Night's gender-bending heroine. The survivor of a ship-wreck that separates her from her twin brother, Viola washes up on shore in Illyria, where she decides to cross-dress as a boy and take a job at Duke Orsino's court. As the boy servant, \"Cesario,\" Viola quickly becomes Orsino's favorite page and is given the task of wooing Olivia on Orsino's behalf. As \"Cesario,\" Viola's a little too good at her job and she finds herself in the middle of a messy love triangle when Olivia falls in love with \"Cesario,\" who can't return the Countess's favors because Viola is in love with the Duke. Got that? OK, good. [PAR] So, why does Viola cross-dress as a boy? She says she wants to disguise her identity as a way to buy some time, to figure some stuff out. But why? What's the motivation here? Well, the answer isn't quite clear. On the one hand, we could say that Viola disguises her identity because she's not capable of facing a world without her brother. This would align Viola with the likes of Olivia, who cloisters herself like a nun to mourn the death of her dead brother. On the other hand, Viola's decision to cross-dress is proactive, which makes her defiant and bold, as she willingly faces whatever comes her way. [PAR] While we're asking questions, let's talk about why Viola falls in love with Duke Orsino, because it's a bit baffling. Some critics argue that there's really no good reason for Viola to love Orsino \u2013 a guy who is self-absorbed, moody, and obnoxious. This, they argue, makes Viola just as silly as all the other characters that fall for inappropriate partners (Olivia, Malvolio, and so on). [PAR] Another answer to this question is that Viola falls for Orsino because he's passionate and poetic. (He may be a bad poet, but he's a poet nonetheless.) Whatever the reason, one thing is certain: Viola's love, unlike the passions of other characters in the play, is constant and true. Rather than hop-scotch from one romantic interest to the next (Olivia, we're talking about you), Viola's devotion is rock-steady and perhaps even a bit self-destructive. (Why else would she agree to deliver love letters from the man she loves to another woman? Come on. That's just brutal.) [PAR] Anyway, Viola's love for the Duke is the one thing that seems to pull the guy out of his self-absorbed world and into a relationship with another human being (rather than the relationship he seems to have with himself). Similarly, Viola or \"Cesario\" is also the magnetic figure that draws Olivia from her cloistered state of \"mourning\" into the land of the living. Even though Olivia doesn't wind up with \"Cesario,\" she does transfer her desire from \"Cesario\" to Sebastian. Without Viola, then, Olivia and Orsino would remain locked into their self-absorbed states. [PAR] OK, so what? We're glad you asked. Let's think about the big picture for a moment. As a comedy that works toward the consummation of heterosexual desire (check out our discussion of \" Genre \"), Twelfth Night uses Viola/\"Cesario\" as the mechanism that throws the world into temporary chaos (her cross-dressing causes most of the mix-ups in the play) and then as the figure that restores order to the \"topsy-turvy\" world. [PAR] So, what is it that's so appealing about Viola/\"Cesario\" anyway? Well, let's ask Olivia and Orsino, who are always talking about how"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barry Humphries - IMDb Barry Humphries - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Writer | Soundtrack [PAR] His father was an affluent construction manager. Barry was a very intelligent boy who attended Melbourne University. There, he began in revues and doing some impersonations. He moved to London around 1960 and began his TV career. He has created numerous characters, including Dame Edna Everidge and Sir Les Patterson. See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 41 people [PAR] created 26 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 people [PAR] created 19 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 86 people [PAR] created 22 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 15 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 images [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Barry Humphries's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 5 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2014 The Kangaroo Gang (TV Series) [PAR] Narrator [PAR] - Episode #3.7 (2008) ... Dame Edna Everage (as Dame Edna Everage) [PAR] 1978-2007 Parkinson (TV Series) [PAR] 1990 Single Voices (TV Series) [PAR] Sandy Stone [PAR] 1982 Omnibus (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Sir Les Patterson [PAR] 1990 A Night on Mount Edna (TV Movie) (uncredited) [PAR] 1990 Single Voices (TV Series) (1 episode) [PAR] 1966 The Late Show (TV Series) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1984 Another Audience with Dame Edna Everage (TV Movie) (lyrics: \"Shyness\") / (music: \"Shyness\") / (performer: \"Shyness\") [PAR] 1981 Shock Treatment (performer: \"Little Black Dress\", \"Shock Treatment\") [PAR] 1978 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (performer: \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" (Finale)) [PAR] 1972 The Adventures of Barry McKenzie (lyrics: \"My One-eyed Trouser Snake\", \"Old Pacific Sea\", \"The Adventures of Barry McKenzie\") [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1984 Another Audience with Dame Edna Everage (TV Movie) (composer: song \"I'm Shy\") [PAR] 1981 Flamingo Park (Short) (music - as Dame Edna Everage) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2003 Concert for George (Video documentary) (camera rigger) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1993 Edna Time (TV Series) (executive producer - 1993) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2011 Eddie Perfect: Misanthropology (Video) (thanks) [PAR] 2007 'Little Britain' Down Under (TV Movie documentary) (thank you - as Dame Edna Everage) [PAR] 2005 Great Performances (TV Series) (special thanks - 1 episode) [PAR] 2015 Stop Laughing... This Is Serious (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 The Talk (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2013 American Masters (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2012 Raising the Curtain (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself - Interviewee [PAR] 2012 Q&A (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Panelist [PAR] 2011 Piers Morgan Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 The Review Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Cultural Highlights Interviewee [PAR] 2009 Rove Live (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 I'd Do Anything (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Judge [PAR] 2007 100 Greatest Stand-Ups (TV Special documentary) [PAR] Himself (as Dame Edna Everage and Les Patterson) [PAR] 2005 Celebrate 'Oliver!' (TV Movie) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 The Unseen Spike Milligan (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 Barry Humphries on Bedazzled (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2003 Micallef Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1992-1996 Pebble Mill (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1995 The Celluloid Heroes (TV Movie) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1976-1995 Omnibus (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1989 The South Bank Show (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1987 The Last Resort (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1986 The Story of English (TV Mini-Series"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Psycho (1960) - Synopsis - IMDb Psycho (1960) - Synopsis [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Warning! This synopsis may contain spoilers [PAR] See plot summary for non-spoiler summarized description. [PAR] Visit our Synopsis Help to learn more [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] In a Phoenix hotel room on a Friday afternoon, Marion Crane ( Janet Leigh ) and her out-of-town lover Sam Loomis ( John Gavin ) end a stolen lunchtime interlude with yet another disagreement about their future. Marion wants to marry Sam, but debts inherited from his father and his own alimony payments do not leave him enough money to support her as he would like. As they have done so often before on Sam's business trips to Phoenix, they part leaving their future uncertain. [PAR] Marion returns to the real estate office where she works as a secretary, arriving just ahead of her boss Mr. Lowery ( Vaughn Taylor ) and his client Cassidy ( Frank Albertson ) who buys a house from Lowery with $40,000 in cash. Lowery tells Marion to put the money in the safe deposit box at the bank until Monday. Pleading a headache, Marion asks to take the rest of the day off after her errand to the bank. [PAR] But Marion doesn't go to the bank. On the spur of the moment, she decides to keep the money, packs a suitcase, and starts driving out of town, only to be spotted by her boss at an intersection where he gives her a suspicious look. Worried that she has been found out already, she still proceeds out of town on her way to Fairvale, California, where Sam lives. All the while she keeps looking behind her, fearful that she's being followed. She drives well into the night and parks alongside the road to sleep. [PAR] In the morning, a highway patrolman ( Mort Mills ) stops to investigate her stopped car, and awakens her. Startled and nervous, she arouses the patrolman's suspicions. He looks at her license and registration, taking note of the plate number. He allows her to go on, but follows her for a while, which intensifies Marion's agitation. [PAR] Realizing that her car can easily give her away, Marion decides to trade it in for a different car. She stops in at a used car lot, hurriedly pays the salesman ( John Anderson ) $700 cash for a likely substitute, and completes the deal as the same highway patrolman watches from across the street. Nervous, she drives away and continues toward Fairvale. [PAR] As night falls on this second day, with her fears of pursuit crowding in around her, she drives into a rainstorm. Unable to see the road clearly, she spots the lighted sign of the Bates Motel, and decides to take a room for the night. As there are no other cars there, and no one in the motel office, she honks her horn upon seeing a light on in the house behind the motel, and a silhouette in the window. Someone dashes down the path to greet her, and he introduces himself as Norman Bates ( Anthony Perkins ). He is soft-spoken and shy young man who tells Marion that he lives in the large house with his mother. He comments that the motel seldom has guests anymore since the new interstate bypassed the local highway, and Marion realizes that she probably took a wrong turn in the storm. Still nervous about being tracked by the police, Marion registers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maxwell Q. Klinger - Monster M*A*S*H - Wikia Maxwell Q. Klinger | Monster M*A*S*H | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Jamie Farr [PAR] Sergeant Maxwell Q. Klinger is a fictional character from the M*A*S*H television series played by American actor Jamie Farr . A Lebanese-American hailing from Toledo, Ohio, Klinger serves as an orderly/corpsman (and later company clerk) assigned to the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital unit during the Korean War. The character's original defining characteristic is his attempts to gain a discharge from the army, typically through being judged mentally unfit for service (under \"Section 8\") or for other reasons. To this end, he would habitually wear women's clothing and engage in other \"crazy\" stunts. He later gives up his discharge attempts and is promoted from the rank of corporal to sergeant during the course of the TV series. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Klinger was the first main character introduced on M*A*S*H not to have appeared in either Richard Hooker's original M*A*S*H novel or the subsequent film. Originally introduced as a bit character in the early first season episode \" Chief Surgeon Who? \" as a simple gag of a soldier who wanted out of the Army and was trying to fake his way to a \"Section 8\" medical discharge, he made such an impression on the producers and audience that he became a recurring character throughout the season, and by the second season was a regular member of the cast. [PAR] Klinger is proud of his family, and of his hometown of Toledo, Ohio, which he regularly mentions (including references to Tony Packo's Cafe , a real-life local attraction). The only time the series has a glimpse of Toledo is a dream sequence when Klinger finds himself in a deserted street. He is also an enthusiastic Toledo Mud Hens baseball fan (a real-life minor league baseball team) as he has been seen wearing a \"Mud Hens\" cap (Note that the cap worn by the actor is not a Mud Hens cap but actually a Texas Rangers cap as the costume dept couldn't find an authentic Mud Hens cap for the character). He also is fond of cuban cigars made in New Jersey by Puerto Ricans. His father and grandfather are olive pickers; likewise his father had a sharp temper; a left hook and is a bowling champ. [PAR] Klinger in the 4077th MASH [PAR] Edit [PAR] In the early episodes, a running gag was Klinger's endless efforts to get discharged from the Army either by cross-dressing or through other means. Viewers could always look forward to what new outfit he would wear or what other ploy he would attempt. [PAR] But despite all his efforts, his commanding officers are never fooled, and Klinger is continually frustrated. Perhaps they recognised, as B.J. Hunnicutt once remarked, that Klinger is actually the only sane one by always trying to get out, while the rest of the camp are crazy for accepting their situation and making the most of it, as Joseph Heller would also observe in \"Catch 22\". The commanders largely tolerate Klinger's antics because they are entertaining, and he is otherwise a conscientious and reliable orderly who makes a point of never letting his schemes interfere with his duties. For example, he volunteered to join the party to go beyond enemy lines to recover casualties in Season 3 \"Rainbow Bridge\" . In \"Aid Station\" he is sent with Margaret and Hawkeye to a Battalion aid station . There he performs duties which would normally be done by a surgical nurse, while remaining steady under artillery fire, earning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Songs by the Kinks - Step by Step Top Ten Songs by the Kinks [PAR] Home \u00bb Arts & Entertainment \u00bb Music \u00bb Top Ten Songs by the Kinks [PAR] Top Ten Songs by the Kinks [PAR] The Kinks prove that it\u2019s possible to be around 30 years, be a member of the Rock-n-Roll Hall of Fame and still be an underrated band. One of the original British Invasion groups, The Kinks are one of the few acts in rock that can match the Rolling Stones hit for hit, yet many people know just a handful of their songs. While fans of Eric Clapton compared him to God, noted Kinks fan John Mendelsohn, on the liner notes to the invaluable The Kink Kronikles, implored, \u201cGod save The Kinks.\u201d [PAR] There are many reasons why The Kinks never received their due in the U.S., ranging from poor management, to never cashing in on a trend, to constantly switching record labels. But any listener who seeks out their albums will be overwhelmed with the power and vision of lead singer and songwriter Ray Davies and the current-period sound led by lead guitarist Dave Davies and (mostly) drummer Mick Avory. [PAR] It\u2019s an impossible task to pick the 10 best songs of a group as prolific as The Kinks. The easy way out would be to just pick the most radio-friendly songs, but that would be a huge disservice to both the band and the audience. What follows is a list of great songs from all of the varied eras of the group. [PAR] #10) Sweet Lady Genevieve Perhaps the greatest song in rock-n-roll history that nobody knows, Sweet Lady Genevieve comes from \u201cPreservation Act I\u201d in 1973, one of many concept albums the band put out in the 1970s. The song is an ode to an ex-lover, admitting the sins of his past and asking for another chance. The song features great lyrics and a strong vocal performance by Davies. [PAR] \u201cOnce under a scarlet sky I told you never ending lies, [PAR] But they were the words of a drunken vagabond [PAR] Who knew very well he would break your heart before long [PAR] Oh forgive me Genevieve.\u201d [PAR] A guaranteed number-one hit if someone covered this song today. [PAR] #9) No More Looking Back From 1975\u2019s \u201cSchoolboys in Disgrace\u201d, No More Looking Back is the final song of the album. On the surface the song is about a man who keeps finding reminders of someone from his past. [PAR] \u201cAnd just when I think you\u2019re out of my head [PAR] I hear a song that you sang or see a book that you read. [PAR] Then you\u2019re in every bar, you\u2019re in every cafe, [PAR] You\u2019re driving every car, I see you everyday,\u201d [PAR] A great song by itself, it works on another level, too. The Kinks had been torn apart by internal struggles in regards to Ray\u2019s fondness for concept albums. Schoolboys pointed the way to the arena rock that would follow and define the late-70s Kinks. This song can be heard as Ray making peace with the band\u2019s new direction. [PAR] \u201cNo more looking back, [PAR] No more living in the past, [PAR] Yesterday\u2019s gone and that\u2019s a fact, [PAR] Now there\u2019s no more looking back. [PAR] Got to be hard, [PAR] That s the only way it\u2019s going to be, [PAR] Yesterday\u2019s gone and that\u2019s a fact, [PAR] Now there\u2019s no more looking back.\u201d [PAR] #8) Celluloid Heroes From 1972\u2019s \u201cEverybody\u2019s in Showbiz\u201d, a double album with the first album comprised of new"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tootsie Cast List: Actors and Actresses from Tootsie - Ranker Tootsie Cast List: Actors and Actresses from Tootsie [PAR] Full Cast of Tootsie Actors/Actresses [PAR] 5.5k views 16 items tags f t p @ [PAR] Tootsie cast list, listed alphabetically with photos when available. This list of Tootsie actors includes any Tootsie actresses and all other actors from the film. You can view additional information about each Tootsie actor on this list, such as when and where they were born . To find out more about a particular actor or actress, click on their name and you'll be taken to page with even more details about their acting career. The cast members of Tootsie have been in many other movies, so use this list as a starting point to find actors or actresses that you may not be familiar with. [PAR] List is made up of many different actors, including Bill Murray and Dustin Hoffman. [PAR] If you want to answer the questions, \"Who starred in the movie Tootsie?\" and \"What is the full cast list of Tootsie?\" then this page has got you covered. [PAR] This cast list of who was in Tootsie includes both lead and minor roles. (16 items)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Comedian Eddie Izzard makes history | USC News Comedian Eddie Izzard makes history | USC News [PAR] Comedian Eddie Izzard makes history [PAR] October 15, 2012 [PAR] Eddie Izzard performs at Bovard Auditorium. (Photo/Nathan Carter) [PAR] USC students got a history lesson on Oct. 5 from British comedian Eddie Izzard, who gave a surreal account of civilization ranging from the Big Bang to the moon landing. [PAR] \u201cWhat makes Izzard really fascinating is his sheer intelligence, his sheer knowledge about world history, that he can bring into his comedy,\u201d said Dane Martens, director of USC Spectrum, which hosts the Student Affairs arts and lectures program that brought the comedian to campus. [PAR] Izzard, who performed to a packed crowd at Bovard Auditorium, jumped stream-of-consciousness style from the Crusades and British tin mining to Greek mythology and Wikipedia. His jokes often took the form of imaginary dialogues, and his characters ranged from Buzz Aldrin to a diary-keeping giant squid. Izzard scurried around the stage as if he was playing every part in a skit. [PAR] According to Izzard\u2019s account, the Stone Age began with a little clumsiness: On his way to kill a mastodon in the tar pits, a young man tripped over a rock. [PAR] \u201cIf it\u2019s bad for my foot, it could be bad for others\u2019 feet \u2014 and their heads,\u201d Izzard said. \u201cThis could be the beginning of an age!\u201d [PAR] Tina Crnko, a freshman majoring in theater and business administration, appreciated that Izzard \u201creally enjoys what he\u2019s doing: He\u2019s laughing along with the audience.\u201d [PAR] Izzard, who has appeared in the films Ocean\u2019s Twelve, Across the Universe and Valkyrie, recently sold out the 18,000-seat Hollywood Bowl as the venue\u2019s first solo comedy act. This fall, he specifically reached out to college campuses for smaller shows. [PAR] \u201cI really wanted to give USC the opportunity to see him like this,\u201d Martens said. \u201cTwelve-hundred seats as opposed to 18,000 is pretty intimate.\u201d [PAR] The event was also promoted by the USC LGBT Resource Center as part of National Coming Out Month. Izzard, who dresses in women\u2019s clothing for many of his performances and describes himself as an \u201cexecutive transvestite,\u201d sported brightly painted fingernails during his performance. [PAR] \u201cCollege life is all about balance, so it\u2019s nice having this after going to classes and studying all day,\u201d said Cole Manaster, a freshman majoring in business administration. \u201cI\u2019m looking forward to seeing more of the arts that we have here on campus and in LA.\u201d [PAR] USC Spectrum\u2019s fall season continues with a screening of the documentary Decoding Deepak and a Q-and-A session with the film\u2019s director on Oct. 21 and an evening with activist and journalist Nicholas Kristof on Nov. 5. For more information, visit usc.edu/spectrum[DOC] [TLE] Urban Dictionary: Eddie Izzard Urban Dictionary: Eddie Izzard [PAR] Eddie Izzard [PAR] The Greatest Comedian in the world. one of the funniest men alive, known for his randomness, tendancy to drift off and his well known and catchy things to say. He is a executive transvestite, he describes himself as a male lesbian. he is also partialy dislexic, he used to be fully deslexic, but thts not for now. He is also intersesting besause of his style of comedy, he is not racist, or sexist, or any of these things, he swears, but not at people. He engages the audience and often goes off track. He is a modern comic genius, and a great actor to boot [PAR] Guns Dont Kill People, People Kill People, But Monkeys Do To (If They Have A Gun) [PAR] This is the comic genius of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bicentennial Man - The Robin Williams Fansite RWF ::: PRODUCTION NOTES ::: Bicentennial Man (1999) [PAR] Production notes [PAR] 1999 | Sci-Fi, Romance, Drama | 130 min | PG [PAR] In the first decade of the new millennium, with advances in global technology overtaking the sovereignty of human compassion, Richard Martin (SAM NEILL) buys a gift, a new NDR-114 robot. The product is named Andrew (ROBIN WILLIAMS) by the youngest of the family's children. Touchstone Pictures'/Columbia Pictures' \"Bicentennial Man\" follows the life and times of Andrew, a robot purchased as a household appliance programmed to perform menial tasks. As Andrew begins to experience emotions and creative thought, the Martin family soon discovers they don't have an ordinary robot. [PAR] Touchstone Pictures and Columbia Pictures present A 1492 Pictures Production in association with Laurence Mark Productions and Radiant Productions, \"Bicentennial Man.\" Directed by Chris Columbus, from a screenplay by Nicholas Kazan, the film is based upon the short story by Isaac Asimov and the novel The Positronic Man by Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg. The film is produced by Wolfgang Petersen, Gail Katz, Laurence Mark, Neal Miller, Chris Columbus, Mark Radcliffe and Michael Barnathan. Executive producer is Dan Kolsrud. \"Bicentennial Man\" is distributed by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution. [PAR] The Story [PAR] \"Bicentennial Man\" spans two centuries, during which it is the goal of a single individual whose quest is to learn all he might about the intricacies of humanity, life and love. Through his efforts Andrew, a popular robot model, teaches as much as he learns. He shows the world how to open its eyes and its heart to receive any being with enough compassion to ask for acceptance. [PAR] Andrew appears as a typical robot. Upon his delivery, there are four members of the Martin home: Richard Martin, whom Andrew respectfully refers to as Sir; his wife, simply as Ma'am; and their two children Grace and Amanda, who will always be Miss and Little Miss, respectively. [PAR] Little Miss is the first to call him Andrew, because she misunderstands him to be an android, which of course, he is not. He is a robot: A NorthAm Robotics NDR-114 that has been purchased, as he himself describes, \"To perform menial tasks. Cooking. Cleaning. Making household repairs. Playing with or supervising children.\" The children, however, are at first suspicious of this new member of the household. Miss sees him as an uninteresting simple appliance, common in the homes of her friends. Little Miss thinks he's a bit scary. She, of course, has nothing to fear as the first law of robotics states, \"A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction cause a human being to come to harm.\" [PAR] It is perhaps the second law of robots, \"A robot must obey all human orders except where such orders conflict with the First Law,\" which leads the Martin family to change their perception of Andrew. For it is following an incident in which Miss orders Andrew to leap from an upstairs window (an order which he is compelled to follow), that leads Sir to proclaim, \"Though Andrew is technically a piece of property, he shall be treated as if he is a person.\" In treating Andrew as human, are they starting to see human traits? Is he indeed showing some very anthropomorphic signs of creativity, curiosity and friendship? Or is it merely as the NorthAm Robotics executives explain, \"An appliance with human form showing signs of mechanical failure, interpreted as eccentricity.\" [PAR] Sir decides to not only allow Andrew his creativity but to encourage and cultivate the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lugh, Celtic Sun God, Shining One, Celtic Mythology Lugh, Celtic Sun God, Shining One, Celtic Mythology [PAR] Celtic Mythology Irish Mythology The Partholonians Kelpies [PAR] Lugh [PAR] The god Lugh whose name means \"shining one\" was a Celtic sun god. He was handsome, perpetually youthful, and full of life and energy. This energy manifests itself especially in the number of skills he had, according to legend, mastered. He was the patron god of Lugdunum (cur: Lyon, France) and a solar deity. [PAR] According to a prophecy, Balor, the god of the underworld was to be killed by his grandson. He locked his daughter, Ethlinn, in a tower made of crystal to keep her from becoming pregnant. However, Cian, one of the Tuatha de Danaan, with the help of the druidess Birog, managed to enter the tower. She gave birth to a son, Lugh, by him, but Balor threw him into the ocean. Birog saved him and gave him to Manannan mac Lir, who became his foster father. He was then nursed by Tailtiu. [PAR] Lugh was also sometimes considered a son of Danu and Beli. [PAR] Lugh was ingenious. One Irish tale relates of how the god travelled to Tara, and arrived during a feast for the royal court. Lugh was met by the gatekeeper, and was asked what talent he had, for it was a tradition there that only those who had a special ability could enter the palace. The god said: \"I am a wright\", to which the gatekeeper replied \"We already have a wright, your services aren't needed here\". Lugh persisted \"I am a smith\". Again, the guard said the court had a smith that was quite adequate; but the god was not to be dissuaded. Lugh then noted that he was also a champion, a swordsman nonpareil, a harpist, a hero, a poet, an historian, a sorcerer, and a craftsman. The gatekeeper merely nodded his head, and stated bluntly that all these trades were represented in the court by other members of the Tuatha de Danaan. \"Ah, but you do have an individual who possesses all of them simultaneously?\", was Lugh's clever reply. The guard was forced to admit his defeat, and so Lugh entered and joined the festivities. [PAR] Lugh Lamhfada led the Tuatha in the Second Battle of Mag Tuireadh against the Fomorians. During this battle, Balor killed King Nuada with his eye, but Lugh ripped the fatal eye out with a sling, killing Balor. [PAR] Lugh was husband of Rosmerta. After the god Nuada lost an arm in the Second Battle of Magh Tuiredh and was forced to abdicate his kingship since he was no longer perfect, Lugh became the leader of the Tuatha De Danaan. [PAR] Lugh's name is the origin of that of the Pagan festival Lughnasadh (which is also the Irish Gaelic name for the month of August). [PAR] He was the father of Cuchulainn by Dechtere. His daughter was Ebliu, she married Fintan. [PAR] Alternative forms: Lug (Old Irish), Lugos (Gaulish). [PAR] Epithets/Cognomens: Lamfhada (\"of the long arm\" in Irish), Samildanach (\"versatile in every art\" in Irish) [PAR] Lugos is also a commune in the Gironde d\u00e9partement, in France. [PAR] Among the places named after him are: [PAR] France: Lugdunum (cur: Lyon), Lugdunum Clavatum (cur: Laon), Lusignan, Loudun, Montlucon [PAR] Switzerland: Lugano, Locarno, Lugarus [PAR] Romania: Lugoj [PAR] Italy+Spain: Logo [PAR] Lug handles are a kind of flattened knob attached to the side of pottery. Lugs may have small perforations to take a cord. They are sometimes found on prehistoric ceramics such as Hembury ware."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Composer's life & music | Classic FM Mozart - Composers - Classic FM [PAR] Classic FM [PAR] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756\u20131791) [PAR] Biography [PAR] Johannes Chrystostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart (1756\u20131791) was arguably the most gifted musician in the history of classical music. His inspiration is often described as 'divine', but he worked assiduously, not only to become the great composer he was, but also a conductor, virtuoso pianist, organist and violinist. Mozart's music embraces opera, symphony, concerto, chamber, choral, instrumental and vocal music, revealing an astonishing number of imperishable masterpieces. [PAR] Mozart was born in Salzburg, in 1756. Mozart's father, Leopold, was an ambitious composer and violinist. [PAR] Though he was and still is considered a genius, he was also tactless, arrogant and had a scatological sense of humour. [PAR] Mozart composed his first opera, Apollo et Hyacinthus when he was only 11. A year later the Emperor Joseph II commissioned him to write La finta semplice. [PAR] In August 1782 he married Constanze Weber. The Mozarts' marriage seemed to be a happy one. Constanze was easy-going, free-spending and usually pregnant. Only two of their six children survived. [PAR] Post-marriage, some of Mozart's best started to appear -the Haffner and Linz symphonies and five string quartets, for example. [PAR] Between 1784 and 1786, he composed nine piano concertos and three of these concurrently with The Marriage of Figaro. [PAR] The year 1787 saw the premiere of Mozart's second opera, Don Giovanni. [PAR] Mozart had a great run of successes in his final years - Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and the Clarinet Quintet in A, three of his 41 symphonies; Cos\u00ed fan Tutte, three piano trios, the Coronation piano concerto, two piano sonatas and three string quartets. [PAR] His health began to fail and his work rate slowed in 1790. He got better, though, and in 1791 alone composed the most famous The Magic Flute, the Requiem (unfinished), and the Clarinet Concerto. [PAR] Mozart did not live long enough to complete his Requiem. He died in Vienna, in 1791, before his 36th birthday.[DOC] [TLE] Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART - musical works of Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART - musical works of Mozart [PAR] Andante in C, K. 1a [PAR] Allegro in C, K. 1b [PAR] Allegro in F, K. 1c [PAR] Minuet in F, K. 1d [PAR] Minuet in G, K. 1e [PAR] Minuet in C, K. 1f [PAR] Minuet in F, K. 2 [PAR] Allegro in B-flat, K. 3 [PAR] Minuet in F, K. 4 [PAR] Minuet in F, K. 5 [PAR] Allegro in C, K. 5a [PAR] Andante in B-flat, K. 5b [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 1 in C major, K. 279 (Munich, Summer 1774) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 2 in F major, K. 280 (Munich, Summer 1774) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 3 in B-flat major, K. 281 (Munich, Summer 1774) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-flat major, K. 282 (Munich, Summer 1774) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 5 in G major, K. 283 (Munich, Summer 1774) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 6 in D major, K. 284 (Munich, Feb-Mar 1775) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 7 in C major, K. 309 (Mannheim, Nov. 8 1777) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 8 in A minor, K. 310 (Paris, Summer 1778, some catalogues have the a minor and D Major reversed) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 9 in D major, K. 311 (Mannheim, Nov 1777. some catalogues have the a minor and D Major reversed) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 10 in C major, K. 330 (Summer 1778) [PAR] Piano Sonata No. 11 \"Turkish\" in A major, K. 331 (Summer 1778) [PAR] Piano"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ... Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [PAR] Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica [PAR] First published Thu Dec 20, 2007 [PAR] No work of science has drawn more attention from philosophers than Newton's Principia. The reasons for this, however, and consequently the focus of the attention have changed significantly from one century to the next. During the 20th Century philosophers have viewed the Principia in the context of Einstein's new theory of gravity in his theory of general relativity. The main issues have concerned the relation between Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity and what the need to replace the former with the latter says about the nature, scope, and limits of scientific knowledge. During most of the 18th Century, by contrast, Newton's theory of gravity remained under dispute, especially because of the absence of a mechanism \u2014 in particular, a contact mechanism \u2014 producing gravitational forces. The philosophic literature correspondingly endeavored to clarify and to resolve, one way or the other, the dispute over whether the Principia should or should not be viewed as methodologically well founded. By the 1790s Newton's theory of gravity had become established among those engaged in research in orbital mechanics and physical geodesy, leading to the Principia becoming the exemplar of science at its most successful. Philosophic interest in the Principia during the 19th Century therefore came to focus on how Newton had achieved this success, in part to characterize the knowledge that had been achieved and in part to pursue comparable knowledge in other areas of research. Unfortunately, a very large fraction of the philosophic literature in all three centuries has suffered from a quite simplistic picture of the Principia itself. The main goal of this entry is to replace that simplistic picture with one that does more justice to the richness of both the content and the methodology of the Principia. [PAR] 1. Overview: The Importance of the Work [PAR] Viewed retrospectively, no work was more seminal in the development of modern physics and astronomy than Newton's Principia. Its conclusion that the force retaining the planets in their orbits is one in kind with terrestrial gravity ended forever the view dating back at least to Aristotle that the celestial realm calls for one science and the sublunar realm, another. Just as the Preface to its first edition had proposed, the ultimate success of Newton's theory of gravity made the identification of the fundamental forces of nature and their characterization in laws the primary pursuit of physics. The success of the theory led as well to a new conception of exact science under which every systematic discrepancy between observation and theory, no matter how small, is taken as telling us something important about the world. And, once it became clear that the theory of gravity provided a far more effective means than observation for precisely characterizing complex orbital motions \u2014 just as Newton had proposed in the Principia in the case of the orbit of the Moon \u2014 physical theory gained primacy over observation for purposes of answering specific questions about the world. [PAR] The retrospective view of the Principia has been different in the aftermath of Einstein's special and general theories of relativity from what it was throughout the nineteenth century. Newtonian theory is now seen to hold only to high approximation in limited circumstances in much the way that Galileo's and Huygens's results for motion under uniform gravity came to be seen as holding only to high approximation in the aftermath of Newtonian inverse-square gravity. In the middle of the nineteenth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dry Martini recipe Dry Martini recipe [PAR] Dry Martini recipe [PAR] Scan me to take me with you [PAR] serve in [PAR] 1 olive [PAR] Stir gin and vermouth with ice in a mixing glass. Strain into a cocktail glass, add the olive, and serve. [PAR] More comments [PAR] Twist, please [PAR] posted by vmwrites @ 09:25AM, 5/27/06 [PAR] A true dry martini tastes best when served with a twist, rather than an olive. This is largely a matter of taste, and there are many schools either way, but a bit of lemon rind, twisted over the top of the martini imparts a gently spray of lemon oils to the surface. Olives, on the other hand, add an olive taste, salt, and water, of course. [PAR] But a great martini is the way you like it. [PAR] Lingo matters [PAR] posted by vicki @ 03:16PM, 6/15/06 [PAR] If you are a bartender and someone asks for a dirty martini...put an olive in it...a lemon is a request only type of thing...don't let this comment above confuse you. If you ask for a dirty martini in any bar anywhere you will get olives. If you want a twist of lemon ask for a vodka martini up with a twist. they call it a dirty martini b/c the olive juice makes it look cloudy. Bottom line. [PAR] Good, but not dry enough.... [PAR] posted by angrynorwegian @ 01:31PM, 6/17/06 [PAR] I prefer this drink even \"dryer\". [PAR] Start with adding just one bottlecap worth of vermouth (I prefer noilly prat) Gently turn the shaker to coat all the ice vith vermouth, and strain out the excess. Then you add the gin ( I use 30cc of tanqueray) and stir until cold. Strain into a chilled coctail glass and garnish with an olive or a twist. [PAR] Or enjoy it any other way you prefer. [PAR] Lovely classical cocktail! [PAR] posted by RuneLancer @ 01:09AM, 7/14/06 [PAR] Why strain out the vermouth? Leave it in there. ;) Of course, it's entirely a matter of taste. [PAR] I use Stock, personally - it's extra-dry and blends in very well with Tanqueray. There's a place near here which sells olives stuffed with almonds. Very delicious. It's an interesting variation on the typical pimento-stuffed olive. [PAR] The driest yet [PAR] posted by Martooni Man @ 05:19PM, 7/26/06 [PAR] Put a half cap of dry vermouth in a frozen double old fashioned glass. Coat the glass with vermouth by swirling. Pour out excess, add ice to the brim and fill with gin. Tanqueray or Citadelle are my personal preferences. [PAR] Shaken not stired [PAR] posted by bartender of the year @ 10:30AM, 11/10/06 [PAR] Thanks to james bond who helped shape the modern martini that is always shaken not stirred. [PAR] A traditionalist - with flavor [PAR] posted by mark richmond @ 03:03PM, 12/27/06 [PAR] A dry martini is one with very little dry vermouth in the gin. I keep my bombay sapphire in the freezer, swirl 1/2 or less cap of vermouth around a martini glass (I also prefer Noilly Prat). Now comes the twist - no, not that twist - I use anchovy stuffed or garlic stuffed olives (usually 3, but then I tend toward large martinis). [PAR] Enjoy. [PAR] Perfect Dirty Martini [PAR] posted by Catlady3 @ 02:09PM, 1/03/07 [PAR] I make mine with Beefeaters and definately use the old fashioned amount of extra dry vermouth (I use Martibni & Rossi Estra Dry). This recipe is from The Martini Book and try it first before you criticize the amount of vermouth. 6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The B-52's on Apple Music The B-52's on Apple Music [PAR] To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. [PAR] Biography [PAR] The first of many acts to cement the college town of Athens, Georgia, as a hotbed of alternative music, and one of the first American new wave acts to fuse retro-styled rock & roll with dance-friendly rhythms, the B-52s took their name from the Southern slang for the mile-high bouffant wigs sported by singers Kate Pierson and Cindy Wilson, a look emblematic of the band's campy, thrift-store aesthetic. The five-piece group, which also included vocalist Fred Schneider, guitarist Ricky Wilson (Cindy's older brother), and drummer Keith Strickland, formed in 1976 after a drunken evening at a Chinese restaurant; the bandmembers had little or no previous musical experience, and performed most of their earliest shows with taped guitar and percussion accompaniment. In 1978, after gaining enough confidence to venture into a recording studio, the B-52s pressed up a few thousand copies of the single \"Rock Lobster,\" which became a modest hit on the nascent alternative rock circuit. The B-52s soon traveled to New York City, playing their first paying gig at the famed rock club Max's Kansas City. Subsequent appearances at CBGB brought the group to the attention of the New York press, and in 1979 the B-52s signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. for the United States and Island for the U.K. and Europe; Island founder Chris Blackwell flew the band to the Bahamas, where they quickly recorded their self-titled debut album, a collection of manic, bizarre, and eminently danceable songs that scored an underground club hit with a reworked version of \"Rock Lobster.\" The following year, they issued Wild Planet, which reached the Top 20 on the U.S. album charts; Party Mix!, an EP's worth of reworked material from the band's first two proper outings, appeared in 1981. Hoping to expand their musical approach, the B-52s recruited friend and fan David Byrne to produce their third album, but by all accounts, the bandmembers (and their record labels) were not happy with the results, which emphasized a darker, funkier sound and minimized Ricky Wilson's guitar and the group's playful side. Ultimately, Byrne and the B-52s walked away from the project, and six completed tracks were released as an EP, 1982's Mesopotamia. After a Schneider solo LP, 1984's Fred Schneider & the Shake Society, the group returned to the studio to record 1986's Bouncing Off the Satellites. While the album tried to put a brave face on a difficult situation, Ricky Wilson was seriously ill while recording the LP, and on October 12, 1985, Ricky died; originally his death was attributed to natural causes, but it was later revealed that he had succumbed to AIDS-related illnesses. In light of Wilson's death, the B-52s found it impossible to promote the new album, and they spent the next several years on hiatus. In 1989, the B-52s finally returned with Cosmic Thing, which became their most commercially successful effort to date. Marked by Strickland's move from drums to guitar and club-friendly production from Don Was and Nile Rodgers, the album launched several hit singles, including the party smash \"Love Shack,\" \"Roam,\" and \"Deadbeat Club.\" In 1990, Cindy Wilson retired from active duty, leaving the remaining trio to soldier on for 1992's Good Stuff. A year later, dubbed the BC-52s, they performed the theme song for the live-action feature The Flintstones. In 1996, Fred Schneider released his second solo album, Just Fred, produced by Steve Albini and featuring accompaniment from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 25 Overseas Players to Score Hat-Tricks in the Premier ... San Francisco Bay Area \u2014 News, Sports, Business, Entertainment, Classifieds: SFGate [PAR] 24 [PAR] Comments [PAR] The influx of foreign talent in the Premier League has brought about an unprecedented depth of scoring talent over the last decade, with many overseas imports making their way into the annals of English football. [PAR] January 21 marks the three-year anniversary of Clint Dempsey 's 2012 hat-trick against Newcastle United, steering Fulham almost single-handedly to a 5-2 win over the Magpies. That accolade to this date makes Dempsey the only American ever to bag a hat-trick in the English first tier. [PAR] In celebration of the Texan's accolade, we've pulled together a list of the greatest foreign talents to have marked their territory in the Premier League with a hat-trick, taking into account all players originating outside the United Kingdom. [PAR] For some, this achievement was routine, while even some of the most world-class athletes could only manage the feat on one occasion. [PAR] Regardless of how many hat-tricks they bagged, however, simply recording one is good enough to gain entry into our draw, paying respects to the foreign figures of past and present to have netted goals en masse. [PAR] Phil Cole/Getty Images [PAR] Tony Yeboah [PAR] The only Ghanaian ever to score a Premier League hat-trick, former Leeds United striker Tony Yeboah twice bagged three-goal hauls during his time at Elland Road, both of which came in 1995. [PAR] In two years among the English top flight, one of the Black Stars' most prominent attackers in history scored 32 goals, six of those coming against Ipswich Town and Wimbledon. [PAR] [PAR] Robinho [PAR] Many would suggest that Robinho's \u00a333 million arrival at the Etihad Stadium in 2008 is where Abu Dhabi's money-fuelled ownership of Manchester City first began to rear its head as a future Premier League titan. [PAR] In the five years since, not every player purchase has worked as desired\u2014to say the least\u2014and while Robinho's value to City was up for debate, he at least has a proud Premier League hat-trick to his name. [PAR] The Brazilian put all three past Stoke City in a 3-0 defeat of the Potters in October 2008, just a month-and-a-half after his arrival in England, showing fans what they had to be excited for in future. [PAR] Robinho's time with the Citizens ultimately ended quite bitterly and dragged out with a short-term loan at former club Santos, but there's no denying what a magnificent talent the former Selecao star was in his prime. [PAR] [PAR] Savo Milosevic [PAR] Savo Milosevic's three years at Villa Park were far from the most prolific of his career, but a hat-trick against Coventry City during his debut 1995-1996 campaign provided one particular highlight for the Serbian. [PAR] He would later go on to find his most reliable scoring touch with Spanish sides Real Zaragoza, Espanyol and Celta Vigo, albeit never quite living up to the expectations established at Partizan Belgrade. [PAR] 25. Andrei Kanchelskis [PAR] Michael Steele/Getty Images [PAR] Andrei Kanchelskis represented no fewer than four Premier League clubs during his playing career, but a combined 11 league appearances for Manchester City and Southampton meant the Russian didn't net a single goal for either outfit. [PAR] Rather it was Manchester United and Everton who got the best out of his ability earlier in the 1990s, grabbing a hat-trick for each of those teams, both of which came in the 18 months building up to his first England departure. [PAR] Arriving at Old Trafford from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MAN UNITED 1 EVERTON 0 FA CUP FINAL 1985 MORAN SENT OFF ... MAN UNITED 1 EVERTON 0 FA CUP FINAL 1985 MORAN SENT OFF - YouTube [PAR] MAN UNITED 1 EVERTON 0 FA CUP FINAL 1985 MORAN SENT OFF [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 28, 2008 [PAR] Kevin Moran - first player to be sent off in an FA Cup Final - still won though. COPYRIGHT BBC [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Champions League Final Facts And Figures - New Vision Champions League Final Facts And Figures [PAR] Champions League final facts and figures [PAR] Champions League final facts and figures [PAR] By Vision Reporter [PAR] A A A [PAR] Fill in your Name and Email Address to receive a Free Newsletter [PAR] SATURDAY''S final will be the 58th since the competition began in the 1955-56 season, with Real Madrid winning the first five finals [PAR] SATURDAY'S final will be the 58th since the competition began in the 1955-56 season, with Real Madrid winning the first five finals. [PAR] - Bayern Munich are third in the all-time list of finalists having appeared in nine previous finals, winning four times, in 1974, 1975, 1976 and 2001, and losing five times, in 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010 and last season, when they lost to Chelsea on penalties in Munich. [PAR] - Real Madrid have appeared in a record 12 finals since 1956, followed by AC Milan on 11. Saturday will be Munich's fifth in the Champions League era, only one behind Milan, whose six appearances were between 1993 and 2007. [PAR] - Borussia Dortmund are appearing in their second Champions League final after winning on their only other appearance in 1997, when they defeated Juventus 3-1 in Munich. [PAR] - Ottmar Hitzfeld is one of only three men to win the European Cup with two different clubs - leading Borussia Dortmund to their 1997 success and winning it with Bayern Munich in 2001. [PAR] - The only others to win it with two clubs are Ernst Happel, with Feyenoord in 1970 and SV Hamburg in 1983, and Jose Mourinho with Porto in 2004 and Inter Milan in 2010. [PAR] - Franz Beckenbauer became the first player to captain three successive European Cup-winning teams, with Bayern in 1974, 1975 and 1976. Although Real won five successive cups between 1956 and 1960, they had three different captains. [PAR] - Since the Champions League format was introduced in 1992-93, no side has won a greater percentage of their games to lift the trophy than Borussia Dortmund in 1997. [PAR] - They won nine of the 11 matches they played - 81.8 per cent. In contrast, when Manchester United won the competition in 1999 their winning percentage was a record low, 45.5 per cent. [PAR] - The following season, as defending champions, Borussia beat Bayern 1-0 on aggregate in the quarter-finals. [PAR] - The lowest attendance for any finals match was for the replayed final in 1974, when Bayern beat Atletico Madrid 4-0 at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels on Friday, May 17. Only 23,325 watched the match. A crowd of 48,772 watched the original 1-1 draw two days previously. [PAR] - Georg Schwarzenbeck scored Bayern's equaliser in the last minute of extra time to force that 1-1 draw, but Bayern experienced heartbreak in the last seconds of time added on for injury in the 1999 final, when Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer scored to give Manchester United a 2-1 victory in Barcelona - the most dramatic end to any European final. [PAR] - This will be the fourth time two clubs from the same country have played each other in the final following Real Madrid v Valenica in 2000, AC Milan v Juventus in 2003 and Manchester United v Chelsea in 2008. Those matches ended in victories for Real, Milan and United, with Milan and United winning on penalties. [PAR] - Bayern would become the first club to lift the European Cup twice on penalties if they were to succeed in a shootout. They beat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Watch the 5 Goals Scored By Goalkeepers in the Premier ... Watch the 5 Goals Scored By Goalkeepers in the Premier League From 2001-2013 [VIDEO] - World Soccer Talk [PAR] Watch the 5 Goals Scored By Goalkeepers in the Premier League From 2001-2013 [VIDEO] [PAR] Watch the 5 Goals Scored By Goalkeepers in the Premier League From 2001-2013 [VIDEO] [PAR] Hussein Jiva November 4, 2013 Aston Villa , Blackburn Rovers , Everton , Leagues: EPL , Tottenham Hotspur 1 Comment [PAR] In the past 13 years, roughly 0.38 goals per year have been scored by goalkeepers in the Premier League. So when a goalkeeper does score, it\u2019s such a rare treat that it\u2019s something you want to embrace and watch over and over again. [PAR] Only five goalkeepers are in the folklore of Premier League keepers who have scored in England\u2019s top flight. Here are the five goals from 2001-2013: [PAR] Peter Schmeichel [PAR] After having a mightily successful career at Manchester United, epitomized by the unforgettable 1999 treble, Peter Schmeichel was back in England, after a spell at Portuguese club Sporting CP, when he signed for Aston Villa. [PAR] In 2001, he befittingly became the first goalkeeper to score a goal in the English Premier League against Everton. However his record breaking feat was not enough against the Toffees, as Villa went down 3-2 at Goodison Park. [PAR] His goal, deep into injury time capped a personal milestone, further etching his name into the echelons of the English Premier League. [PAR] However, Schmeichel did leave Manchester on a sour note, having played for United\u2019s city rivals before hanging up his boots, and even managed to muster a clean sheet against his former employees \u2014 an action that definitely left a sour taste in the mouths of many United supporters. [PAR] Brad Friedel [PAR] The game was as tense as it could get, with Blackburn trailing 2-1 against Charlton in stoppage time back in 2004. Having won a corner, as had become the norm, even the goalkeeper joined in on the last action. Nine Blackburn players flooded the opposition\u2019s penalty area in the hope of salvaging a draw. It was an unlikely source that came to the rescue. Brett Emerton\u2019s corner ended up at the feet of Paul Gallagher, who sent the ball back into the crowded penalty area, and goalkeeper Brad Friedel reacted first to the ball, unleashing a vicious left-footer into the net, much to the merriment of his colleagues and fans alike. [PAR] The delighted American had surely rescued a point for his side \u2014 at least that was what he thought, only to let in an even later goal from Claus Jensen\u2019s effort. Poor Brad was left licking his wounds, after having gone from hero to villain almost instantly. [PAR] Paul Robinson [PAR] We had all grown accustomed to the mammoth kicks by the England international. However, even with such knowledge having resided in our sub-conscious, no one was prepared for his magnificent punt back that led to a goal back in his Tottenham days. [PAR] In 2007 at White Hart Lane, Paul Robinson made a mockery of Watford with his uncalculated yet perfectly executed goal against his then English nemesis Ben Foster, who had taken away the number one jersey from him in England\u2019s game against Spain. [PAR] Robinson launched the ball forward in a typical goalkeeper style, all the way into the opposition\u2019s penalty area. Then, jaws dropped as the ball took an unexpectedly high bounce that deceived young Ben, bouncing over the Manchester United loaned keeper and settling innocently into the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Declaration of Arbroath - Arbroath - Visit Angus The Declaration of Arbroath - Arbroath - Visit Angus [PAR] Arbroath [PAR] The Declaration of Arbroath [PAR] Bernard de Linton, drafted the Letter of Arbroath, thought by many to be the most important document in Scottish history. This was a letter written to Pope John XXII on behalf of Robert the Bruce, and signed by most of the great and good of 14th Century Scotland . [PAR] It asked the Pope to put pressure on Edward II of England to recognise Robert as the legitimate King of Scotland. It also asked him to remove the excommunication that had been placed on Robert after he had murdered the Red Comyn in a Dumfries church in 1306. [PAR] From such auspicious beginnings, the growth of Arbroath continued over the years, but the real boom time came as the flax and engineering industries began to expand, leading to an ever-increasing population. [PAR] If Arbroath's early growth depended heavily on Arbroath Abbey, the last few centuries have seen it look to the sea for its prosperity. And not just to fishing, though this has been, and continues to be, important to the town. [PAR] Still a working port, Arbroath's harbour remains an attractive focal point for the town. [PAR] Bookmark this page"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Book of Kells: History, Illuminations - Art Encyclopedia Book of Kells: History, Illuminations [PAR] Book of Kells [PAR] Detail from the Book of Kells [PAR] showing the heads of lions and [PAR] chalices spouting vines: all examples [PAR] of abstract Celtic art . One of the [PAR] greatest illuminated manuscripts [PAR] Detail from Book of Kells. [PAR] LOOKING FOR ART BOOKS? [PAR] For more about Christianity and the arts, see: Christian Art (c.150-2000). [PAR] Opening Page to Gospel of John. [PAR] A masterpiece of religious art [PAR] from the 8th century. [PAR] For details of the medieval European [PAR] renaissance, under Charlemagne, see: [PAR] Ottonian Art (900-1050) [PAR] Introduction [PAR] One of the great masterpieces in the History of Irish art , and a world-famous example of early Christian art , the Book of Kells (Leabhar Cheanannais) is the most famous of the illuminated manuscripts , produced by Irish monks about 800 CE. Also known as the Book of Columba, or the Gospel of Colum Cille, the Book of Kells includes the four Gospels of the New Testament written in Latin, decorated with innumerable illuminations, illustrations and miniature images in a blaze of colour. Although unfinished, it is a wonderful example of medieval Christian art and one of the best surviving examples of the Hiberno-Saxon style or Insular art. It is on permanent display at Trinity College Dublin Library in Ireland. The name \"Book of Kells\" comes from the Abbey of Kells in County Meath , Ireland, where it was preserved during medieval times. When was the Book of Kells written, where was it written, and who was the author of the manuscript? These questions remain the subject of considerable debate among scholars of monastic Irish art , and there are a number of theories. According to the most widely accepted explanation, the Book of Kells was created at the monastery in Iona, and illuminated by at least four different artist-monks, whose names are lost to history. Other art scholars have suggested that the manuscript may have been produced at Lindisfarne (Holy Island) off the coast of Northumberland, then moved to Iona and thence to Kells. Or lastly, it may have been produced at an unidentified Scottish monastery. [PAR] NOTE: For the world's earliest known illuminated gospel text, [PAR] please see: the Garima Gospels (390-660) from Ethiopia. [PAR] [PAR] Origins and History of the Book of Kells [PAR] The greatest achievement of Irish medieval art , the Book of Kells, was formerly held to be earlier than the Lindisfarne Gospels (which are dated approximately from 700 CE) but is now generally assigned to the late eighth or early ninth century. It can only have been made in one of two places: Iona or Kells. It seems probable, though, that due to its resemblances to the Lindisfarne Gospels it was at least begun at Iona (a traditional centre of holy learning and illumination, from where Saint Columba launched his mission to Christianize Scotland and where he was later buried), the base from which Lindisfarne had been colonized about the year 635. Unfortunately, Vikings frequently raided the island, burning the monastery and killing the monks. [PAR] In 804, after two Viking raids, the monks of Iona fled from their exposed island monastery to Meath, in Ireland. They obtained a grant of land at Cenannus (Kells) and established there the metropolis of the Columban Order. But they regretted abandoning Iona and made various attempts to resettle there, carrying with them the sacred objects and books of the monastery. Finally in 849 all were brought back to Kells, the great manuscript probably"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Monarchy Family History - Google Sites Britain's Longest Reigning Monarchs - British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchy Family History [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Shown Below Are The Fifteen British Monarchs Who Have Reigned For Twenty Five Years Or More [PAR] [PAR] Britain's longest reigning king, King George III [PAR] 1 - Britain\u2019s longest reigning monarch is it's present monarch Queen Elisabeth II who has reigned over the country, it's former commonwealth and it's fourteen overseas territories for over sixty three years. [PAR] Elisabeth officially became monarch at the age of twenty five in February 1952 after the death of her father King George VI but she was not officially crowned for another sixteen months, in June 1953. Her coronation was the first in the world to be televised live and the first in the world to be filmed in colour. [PAR] 2 - The country's second longest reigning monarch is House of Hanover queen, Victoria, who ruled not only Britain but it's vast empire too during her mammoth sixty three year and seven month reign between 1837 and 1901, no mean feat for one who was born fifth in line to the throne at the time of her birth in 1819. [PAR] [PAR] 3 - The country's third longest reigning monarch is the country's longest reigning king, House of Hanover monarch, George III, who ruled from 1760 until 1820 with a reign of 59 years and three months. [PAR] However, due to both mental and physical illness, the last ten years of his monarchy had been overseen by his eldest son the Prince Regent, the future King George IV. [PAR] [PAR] 4 - King James I of England had already been King James VI of Scotland for thirty three years when he took the crown of England in 1603. He went on to rule as joint monarch of both countries for another twenty two years before his death in 1625, culminating in him overseeing a fifty seven year and eight month long reign in all. [PAR] 5 - In fourth place is Plantagenet king, Henry III, who ruled England for a staggering fifty six years and one month between 1216 and 1272, after having come to the throne at the age of just ten years old. [PAR] 6 - In fifth place is another Plantagenet king, Edward III, who attained his golden jubilee after a reign of of fifty years and four months between 1327 and 1377. He too began his reign as a young boy, coming to the throne at the age of just fourteen. [PAR] 7- In sixth place is Tudor queen Elisabeth I, England\u2019s last Tudor monarch and the most influential ruler in British royal history. Her forty five year and three month reign spanned the years between 1558 to 1603. [PAR] The inclusion of Elisabeth I on this list means that three of the country\u2019s six queen regnants have attained rules of over forty five years. [PAR] [PAR] 8 - In seventh place is Lancastrian king, Henry VI, with a thirty eight year and eleven month long reign between 1422 and 1471. His reign began when he was just nine months old, making him England\u2019s youngest ever monarch. [PAR] [PAR] 9 - The eighth longest reigning monarch is all time royal bad boy, Tudor king Henry VIII, whose infamous thirty seven years and nine month rule spanned the years between 1509 and 1547. [PAR] 10 - Norman king, Henry I, was the eighth born child of William the Conqueror and as such was never born to be king, but circumstances changed all that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walter Scott Biography - life, family, childhood, children ... Walter Scott Biography - life, family, childhood, children, name, story, history, school, young, son [PAR] Walter Scott Biography [PAR] Abbotsford, Scotland [PAR] Scottish author [PAR] The Scottish novelist and poet Sir Walter Scott is recognized as the master of the historical novel. He was one of the most influential authors of modern times. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Walter Scott was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on August 15, 1771, the son of a lawyer with a long family tradition in law. By birth Scott was connected with both the rising middle class of Britain and the aristocratic (ruling class) Scottish heritage then passing into history. As a child, Scott battled polio, a disease that attacks children and impairs their development. Despite the ailment, Scott did enjoy a relatively active and happy childhood. During these years he developed a deep interest in literature and reading, especially the folk tales and legends of his native Scotland. [PAR] Scott was educated at Edinburgh University and prepared for a career in law, but his true passions lay in history and literature. During his years at the university, he read widely in English and Continental literatures, particularly medieval and Renaissance romances from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries. He also enjoyed German romantic poetry and fiction, and the narrative folk poems known as ballads. [PAR] Translations and poetry [PAR] From these intense interests Scott's earliest publications developed: a translation of [PAR] Walter Scott. [PAR] J. W. von Goethe's (1749\u20131832) play G\u00f6tz von Berlichingen (1799) and other translations from German; Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802\u20131803), a collection of ballads that generated great interest in folk poetry; and a succession of narrative poems, mainly of historical action. These poems\u2014including The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805), Marmion (1808), and The Lady of the Lake (1810)\u2014became best sellers, and Scott established his first literary reputation as a poet of the romantic school, an artistic movement developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. [PAR] During these years Scott also pursued a legal career, rising to the official position of clerk of the Court of Session. His enormous energies allowed him to engage in scholarly and journalistic activities. His edition and biography of John Dryden (1631\u20131700), the English poet and dramatist, published in 1808, remains of value. His politically motivated founding of the Quarterly Review, a literary journal, helped make Edinburgh the most influential center of British intellectual life outside London. In these years Scott also began to create an estate, Abbotsford. He modeled its furnishings and architecture on the traditions of the medieval era (c. 470\u2013 1470 [PAR] C.E. [PAR] , also known as the Middle Ages). [PAR] Waverley novels [PAR] When sales of Scott's verse narrative Rokeby (1813) declined and a new poet, Lord Byron (1788\u20131824), appeared on the literary scene, Scott began to develop another of his many talents. Picking up the fragment of a novel he had begun in 1805, he tried his hand at fiction, and his most fully characteristic novel, Waverley (1814), resulted. As its subtitle, 'Tis Sixty Years Since, established, Waverley was a historical novel about the 1745 rebellion to restore the Stuart line to the British throne. By leading a young and foolish Englishman through a wide range of Scottish classes, political factions (rival groups), and cultural modes, Scott built up a substantial picture of an entire nation's life at a dramatic historical period. [PAR] The success of Waverley established Scott in the career of a novelist, but it did not establish his name in that role. Unwilling to invest his career"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The sad tale of James IV\u2019s body - BBC News The sad tale of James IV\u2019s body - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] The sad tale of James IV\u2019s body [PAR] By Dr Tony Pollard University of Glasgow [PAR] 9 September 2013 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption King James IV died at Flodden on 9 September 1513 [PAR] Scotland's King James IV was killed at the Battle of Flodden 500 years ago. But what became of his body after the massacre? [PAR] Earlier this year, the discovery of the body of Richard III, killed at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, beneath a car park in Leicester was front-page news. [PAR] The obvious implication, that finding long lost kings was a piece of cake, has led to me being repeatedly asked if I am going to look for the body of James IV. [PAR] His corpse, disfigured by arrow and bill, was identified after the battle and taken to Berwick, where it was embalmed and placed in a lead coffin before being transported to London. [PAR] Image caption Dr Pollard is the director of Glasgow University's Centre for Battlefield Archaeology [PAR] The recipient of this gory package was Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII, and in charge of the family business while the English king fought in France. [PAR] She, in turn, sent the dead king's surcoat, blood-stained and slashed, to her husband with the recommendation that he use it as a war banner. [PAR] Obvious choice [PAR] As time passed however and Henry returned from France, there was the question of what to do with the troublesome Scottish king's body. [PAR] Battle of Flodden Field [PAR] More key moments in the history of Scotland [PAR] The obvious solution would have been to bury it, with the monastery of Sheen in Richmond upon Thames, where it was residing, being the obvious choice for James's grave. [PAR] It wasn't as simple as that though, as prior to Flodden, the Scottish king had been excommunicated from the church as punishment for breaking the Truce of Perpetual Peace, which was signed between Scotland and England in 1502 and strengthened by the marriage of James to Henry VIII's sister, Margaret Tudor. [PAR] In reality the excommunication was in retaliation for James's support of the French, who were at war with the Papacy of which England was an ally at the time. [PAR] Under these circumstances a proper burial in consecrated ground was out of the question. [PAR] So it was that the body of James was left to moulder in the woodshed of Sheen monastery, even after the Pope had granted permission for burial. [PAR] Eventually, the desiccated corpse was forgotten about and by some act of carelessness the head became detached. [PAR] The story then goes, for there isn't much hard evidence for some of this, that workmen played football with it, some time after which it was nabbed as a trophy by Elizabeth I's master glazier, who took it home. [PAR] It was a sad, ignominious end for one of Scotland's most charismatic warrior kings [PAR] Dr Tony Pollard [PAR] It is not hard to imagine his wife growing tired of a musty old head cluttering up the place and insisting he get rid of it. [PAR] Whatever the reason for disposing of it, the head was taken to Great St Michael's Church in Wood Street in the city of London, where it was dumped into a charnel pit, the last resting place of stray bones and crypt sweepings. [PAR] The monastery of Sheen was eventually"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Moffat mastermind of the Battle of Britain is honoured ... Moffat mastermind of the Battle of Britain is honoured - Daily Record [PAR] News [PAR] Moffat mastermind of the Battle of Britain is honoured [PAR] HUNDREDS paid tribute to the Moffat-born Architect of Deliverance, Air Chief Marshal Lord Hugh Dowding on Sunday afternoon. [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] HUNDREDS paid tribute to the Moffat-born Architect of Deliverance, Air Chief Marshal Lord Hugh Dowding on Sunday afternoon. [PAR] The 38th annual Lord Dowding Commemorative Service at his memorial in Moffat\u2019s Station Park had extra significance in marking the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Britain and Dowding\u2019s death 40 years ago. [PAR] Among the special guests were Lord Lieutenant of Dumfriesshire Mrs Jean Tullock on behalf of The Queen; Dowding\u2019s grandson Lord Piers Dowding, The Duke of Hamilton, Air Vice-Marshal David Whittaker; and Moffat\u2019s Irene Park who instigated the public appeal in the 1970s which led to the service and memorial. [PAR] She turned 90 this year. [PAR] As a special honour to the leader of The Few, there was a fly-past by both a Hurricane and Spitfire. [PAR] Tributes were made to the Battle of Britain mastermind who, as head of Bomber Command in World War II, orchestrated the Battle of Britain and kept German invasion from our shores 70 years ago. [PAR] Under his guidance, research into radar was begun, aircraft construction switched from wood to metal, the Spitfire and Hurricane were developed, and Britain\u2019s air defences were modernised so that our limited number of young pilots were equipped to fight off the might of the German Luftwaffe which outnumbered us by four to one. [PAR] Dowding was hailed as the leader of \u201cThe Few\u201d and dubbed \u201cThe Architect of Deliverance\u201d by Sir Winston Churchhill, [PAR] The poignant service saw representatives from many branches of the Airforce, the Royal British Legion, 2329 air training corps, Women\u2019s Auxiliary Air Force, and Czech and Polish pilots. [PAR] They laid wreaths at the bronze plaque and sandstone memorial by Scott Sutherland \u2013 sculpture of the Commando Memorial at Spean Bridge \u2013 which was the backdrop for the commemorative service. [PAR] Wreaths were also laid by Mrs Jean Purves on behalf of the town and Moffat Academy head boy and girl, Callum Hutchinson and Mhairi Reive, as well as Roger Morewood who flew in the battle of Britain. [PAR] Dumfries and Galloway Pipe Band and Moffat Academy band provided music [PAR] As well as tributes and benediction, a radio recording of Lord Dowding\u2019s voice from a BBC radio broadcast of September 1946 was played during the event. [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 6 August 1890 \u2013 William Kemmler | Execution of the day 6 August 1890 \u2013 William Kemmler | Execution of the day [PAR] Execution of the day [PAR] 6 August 1890 \u2013 William Kemmler [PAR] William Kemmler [PAR] The first person to go to the electric chair in America was William Kemmler. He was found guilty of murder after he butchered his partner. But he didn\u2019t go quietly. [PAR] Burying the hatchet [PAR] Kemmler had killed his common-law wife Tilly Zeigler after he took a hatchet to her. And he was found guilty of murder in New York in 1890 and sentenced to go to the electric chair. [PAR] Electrocution was highly controversial, but despite lobbies to get the penalty changed to a more humane method, his execution took place. [PAR] Kemmler took his penalty very stoically. But the irony of his final words \u2018Take it easy and do it properly, I\u2019m in no hurry\u2019 hit hard. [PAR] Horse trials [PAR] Understandably the electrocutors were in dire need of practice, this being their first time. Despite successfully electrocuting a horse as a trial run, they misjudged the current necessary to kill a man. [PAR] According to the \u2018New York Times\u2019, R C Barnes, who had tuned the electric chair being used, went on record with the statement \u2018no electrician who understands the subject and knows what the apparatus is can doubt that it will kill Kemmler\u2019. But he had based his supposition on the fact that they\u2019d use around 15,000 volts. [PAR] Shallow fried [PAR] In actual fact, a mere 1,000 volts coursed through Kemmler\u2019s body for 17 seconds, on the presumption that that\u2019d kill him. Despite the smell of frying flesh, Kemmler was still breathing at the end of his electrifying session. [PAR] A second stint, this time of 2,000 volts ran through Kemmler\u2019s body. The electricity caused his blood vessels to rupture and blood to ooze before his body eventually caught fire. The whole thing took an agonising eight minutes causing one spectator to comment: \u2018They would have done better using an axe.\u2019 [PAR] Bookmark this site"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Female Heads of State | Modern Women in Power in Asia Female Heads of State | Modern Women in Power in Asia [PAR] Read a full biography of Benazir Bhutto here. More \u00bb [PAR] U.S. State Department via Wikipedia [PAR] \u2022 Chandrika Kumaranatunga, Sri Lanka [PAR] As the daughter of two former prime ministers, including Sirimavo Bandaranaike (listed above), Sri Lankan Chandrika Kumaranatunga (1945-present) was steeped in politics from an early age. Chandrika was just fourteen when her father was assassinated; her mother then stepped into party leadership, becoming the world's first female prime minister. [PAR] In 1988, a Marxist assassinated Chandrika Kumaranatunga's husband Vijaya, a popular film actor and politician. The widowed Chandrika left Sri Lanka for some time, working for the United Nations in the UK, but returned in 1991. She served as President of Sri Lanka from 1994 to 2005, and proved instrumental in ending the long-running Sri Lankan Civil War between ethnic Sinhalese and Tamils . [PAR] Carsten Koall / Getty Images [PAR] \u2022 Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh [PAR] As with many of the other leaders on this list, Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh (1947-present) is the daughter of a former national leader. Her father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was the first president of Bangladesh, which broke away from Pakistan in 1971. [PAR] Sheikh Hasina has served two terms as Prime Minister, from 1996 to 2001, and from 2009 to the present. Much like Benazir Bhutto, Sheikh Hasina was charged with crimes including corruption and murder, but managed to regain her political stature and reputation. [PAR] Carlos Alvarez / Getty Images [PAR] \u2022 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the Philippines [PAR] Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (1947-present) served as the fourteenth president of the Philippines between 2001 and 2010. She is the daughter of ninth president Diosdado Macapagal, who was in office from 1961 to 1965. [PAR] Arroyo served as vice president under President Joseph Estrada, who was forced to resign in 2001 for corruption. She became president, running as an opposition candidate against Estrada. After serving as president for ten years, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo won a seat in the House of Representatives. However, she was accused of electoral fraud and jailed in 2011. As of this writing, she is in both prison and the House of Representatives, where she represents the 2nd District of Pampanga. [PAR] Dimas Ardian / Getty Images [PAR] \u2022 Megawati Sukarnoputri, Indonesia [PAR] Megawati Sukarnoputri (1947-present), is the eldest daughter of Sukarno , the first president of Indonesia . Megawati served as president of the archipelago from 2001 to 2004; she has run against Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono twice since then, but has lost both times. [PAR] Pratibha Patil, President of India. Chris Jackson / Getty Images [PAR] \u2022 Pratibha Patil, India [PAR] After a long career in law and politics, Indian National Congress member Pratibha Patil was sworn into office for a five-year term as the president of India in 2007. Patil has long been an ally of the powerful Nehru/Gandhi dynasty (see Indira Gandhi, above), but is not herself descended from political parents. [PAR] Pratibha Patil is the first woman to serve as president of India. The BBC called her election \"a landmark for women in a country where millions routinely face violence, discrimation and poverty.\" [PAR] Prev[DOC] [TLE] 1960: Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 20 | 1960: Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1960: Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM [PAR] Mrs Sirimavo Bandaranaike, widow of Ceylon's assassinated prime minister Solomon Bandaranaike, has become the world's first woman prime minister."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | First dog in space died within ... BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | First dog in space died within hours [PAR] Monday, 28 October, 2002, 10:34 GMT [PAR] First dog in space died within hours [PAR] By Dr David Whitehouse [PAR] BBC News Online science editor [PAR] The dog Laika, the first living creature to orbit the Earth, did not live nearly as long as Soviet officials led the world to believe. [PAR] The animal, launched on a one-way trip on board Sputnik 2 in November 1957, was said to have died painlessly in orbit about a week after blast-off. [PAR] Now, it has been revealed she died from overheating and panic just a few hours after the mission started. [PAR] The new evidence was presented at the recent World Space Congress in Houston, Texas, US, by Dimitri Malashenkov of the Institute for Biological Problems in Moscow. [PAR] Noted space historian Sven Grahn told BBC News Online that the new information was surprising and significant as it ended more than 40 years of speculation about Laika's fate. [PAR] Space pioneer [PAR] Laika's mission on board Sputnik 2 stunned the world. Sputnik 1, the world's first satellite, had been launched less than one month before. [PAR] Laika had been a stray [PAR] It was a metal sphere weighing about 18 kg (40 lbs) and was far heavier than anything the United States was contemplating launching. [PAR] An astonished world witnessed the launch of Sputnik 2 weighing 113 kg (250 lbs) and carrying the first living thing to go into orbit - the dog Laika. [PAR] The animal had been a stray wandering the streets of Moscow when she was captured and prepared for a space mission. [PAR] Shortly after launch the Soviets said that Laika was not destined to return alive and would die in space. The statement caused outrage to many observers. [PAR] Racing pulse [PAR] Dr Malashenkov has now revealed several new details about Laika's mission, such as her food being in jelly form and that she was chained to prevent her turning around. [PAR] There was a carbon dioxide absorbing device in the cabin to prevent the accumulation of this toxic gas, as well as an oxygen generator. [PAR] A fan was automatically activated to keep the dog cool when the capsule's temperature exceeded 15 deg Celsius. [PAR] According to Dr Malashenkov, a great deal of work had to be done to adapt a group of dogs to the conditions in the tight cabin of Sputnik 2. They were kept in gradually smaller cages for periods up to 15-20 days. [PAR] Three dogs were trained for the Sputnik 2 flight: Albina, Laika and Mushka. Albina was the first \"backup\", having flown twice on a high-altitude rocket. Mushka was used to test instrumentation and life support. [PAR] Death in space [PAR] Medical sensors placed on Laika indicated that during launch her pulse rate went up by a factor of three above its resting level. [PAR] At the start of weightlessness, her pulse rate decreased. It took three times longer than after a centrifuge ride on the ground to return Laika's heartbeat to pre-launch values, an indication of the stress she was suffering. [PAR] Dr Malashenkov also revealed how Laika died. Telemetry from the Sputnik 2 capsule showed that the temperature and humidity increased after the start of the mission. [PAR] After five to seven hours into the flight, no lifesigns were being received from Laika. By the fourth orbit it was apparent that Laika had died from overheating and stress. [PAR] Previously, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Isabelle Dinoire: Life after the world's first face transplant Isabelle Dinoire: Life after the world's first face transplant - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Isabelle Dinoire: Life after the world's first face transplant [PAR] By Mike Lanchin BBC World Service, Amiens [PAR] 27 November 2012 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Isabelle Dinoire before her injuries, just after the operation, and in 2009 [PAR] Seven years ago Isabelle Dinoire became the first-ever person to have a face transplant. In a rare interview, she describes how she copes with the stares, and her yearning to meet the family of the woman whose face became her own. [PAR] \"The most difficult thing is to find myself again, as the person I was, with the face I had before the accident. But I know that's not possible,\" says the 45-year-old mother of two from northern France. [PAR] \"When I look in the mirror, I see a mixture of the two [of us]. The donor is always with me.\" [PAR] After a moment, she adds: \"She saved my life.\" [PAR] Dinoire regularly turns down media requests and rarely agrees to be photographed. She comes across as relaxed and self-assured, but her traumatic ordeal has left its mark, physically and mentally. [PAR] She still has a visible scar running from above her nose to down under her chin where specialist doctors at Amiens University Hospital in northern France, spent 15 hours sewing the donor's face on to hers. One of her eyes is slightly drooping. [PAR] If people stare at me insistently, I don't care any more, I just stare back [PAR] Speaking with a slight impediment - and with almost alarming simplicity - she recounts how, in a fit of depression in May 2005, she took an overdose of sleeping pills in an attempt to end her life. [PAR] She awoke to find herself at home, lying beside a pool of blood, with her pet Labrador at her side. The dog had apparently found her unconscious, and desperate to rouse her, had gnawed away at her face. [PAR] \"I couldn't even begin to imagine it was my face or my blood - or that the dog had chewed my face,\" she says. [PAR] The injuries to her mouth, nose and chin were so extreme that doctors immediately ruled out a routine face reconstruction. Instead they proposed a ground-breaking face transplant. [PAR] Face transplant timeline [PAR] November 2005 - Isabelle Dinoire becomes the first person in the world to have a face transplant (nose, lips and chin) in France [PAR] April 2010 - The world's first full face transplant is done by a team of doctors in Spain [PAR] March 2012 - US doctors conduct the most extensive face transplant to date (above - image courtesy University of Maryland Medical Center) [PAR] There have also been face transplants in Turkey and China [PAR] \"From the first time I saw myself in the mirror after the operation I knew it was a victory. It didn't look that good because of all the bandages, but I had a nose, I had a mouth - it was fantastic,\" she says. \"I could see in the eyes of the nurses that it was a success.\" [PAR] Unable to speak properly due to a tracheotomy done for the operation, all she could murmur was a simple, \"Thank you.\" [PAR] Dinoire's delight at her new face, however, quickly turned sour. She was completely unprepared for the attention her case brought her. [PAR] Pursued by the media, harassed by passers-by and curious onlookers, Dinoire spent months after the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Aviation - First Flights - Avjobs, Inc. History of Aviation - First Flights [PAR] History of Aviation - First Flights [PAR] Registration Options Deregulation Economics Glossary Environment Airports ATC How They Fly History Safety Structure [PAR] History of Aviation - First Flights [PAR] On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright capped four years of research and design efforts with a 120-foot, 12-second flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - the first powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine. Prior to that, people had flown only in balloons and gliders. The first person to fly as a passenger was Leon Delagrange, who rode with French pilot Henri Farman from a meadow outside of Paris in 1908. Charles Furnas became the first American airplane passenger when he flew with Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk later that year. [PAR] History of Aviation - First Flights [PAR] On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright capped four years of research and design efforts with a 120-foot, 12-second flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - the first powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine. Prior to that, people had flown only in balloons and gliders. The first person to fly as a passenger was Leon Delagrange, who rode with French pilot Henri Farman from a meadow outside of Paris in 1908. Charles Furnas became the first American airplane passenger when he flew with Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk later that year. [PAR] History of Aviation [PAR] First Flights [PAR] On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright capped four years of research and design efforts with a 120-foot, 12-second flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - the first powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine. Prior to that, people had flown only in balloons and gliders. [PAR] The first person to fly as a passenger was Leon Delagrange, who rode with French pilot Henri Farman from a meadow outside of Paris in 1908. Charles Furnas became the first American airplane passenger when he flew with Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk later that year. [PAR] The first scheduled air service began in Florida on January 1, 1914. Glenn Curtiss had designed a plane that could take off and land on water and thus could be built larger than any plane to date, because it did not need the heavy undercarriage required for landing on hard ground. Thomas Benoist, an auto parts maker, decided to build such a flying boat, or seaplane, for a service across Tampa Bay called the St. Petersburg - Tampa Air Boat Line. His first passenger was ex-St. Petersburg Mayor A.C. Pheil, who made the 18-mile trip in 23 minutes, a considerable improvement over the two-hour trip by boat. The single-plane service accommodated one passenger at a time, and the company charged a one-way fare of $5. After operating two flights a day for four months, the company folded with the end of the winter tourist season. [PAR] World War I [PAR] These and other early flights were headline events, but commercial aviation was very slow to catch on with the general public, most of whom were afraid to ride in the new flying machines. Improvements in aircraft design also were slow. However, with the advent of World War I, the military value of aircraft was quickly recognized and production increased significantly to meet the soaring demand for planes from governments on both sides of the Atlantic. Most significant was the development of more powerful motors, enabling aircraft to reach speeds of up to 130 miles per hour, more than twice the speed of pre-war aircraft. Increased power also made larger"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PRISM nuclear reactor won\u2019t solve UK\u2019s plutonium problem ... PRISM nuclear reactor won\u2019t solve UK\u2019s plutonium problem \u00ab nuclear-news [PAR] PAGES on NUCLEAR ISSUES [PAR] PRISM nuclear reactor won\u2019t solve UK\u2019s plutonium problem [PAR] Adrian Simper, the strategy director of the UK\u2019s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, warned last November in an internal memorandum that fast reactors were \u201cnot credible\u201d as a solution to Britain\u2019s plutonium problem because they had \u201cstill to be demonstrated commercially\u201d and could not be deployed within 25 years. [PAR] the plutonium metal, once prepared for the reactor, would be even more vulnerable to theft for making bombs than the powdered oxide. [PAR] Are fast-breeder reactors the answer to our nuclear waste nightmare? The Guardian 30 July 12 The battle is intensifying on a decision over a major fast-breeder reactor to deal with the plutonium waste at Sellafield. Fred Pearce \u201c\u2026\u2026.Britain has a history of embarrassing failures with MOX, including the closure last year of a $2 billion blending plant that spent 10 years producing a scant amount of fuel. And critics say that, even if it works properly, MOX fuel is an expensive way of generating not much energy, while leaving most of the plutonium intact, albeit in a less dangerous form. [PAR] Only fast reactors can consume the plutonium. Many think that will ultimately be the UK choice. If so, the PRISM plant would take five years to license, five years to build, and could destroy probably the world\u2019s most dangerous stockpile of plutonium by the end of the 2020s. GEH has not publicly put a cost on building the plant, but it says it will foot the bill, with the British government only paying by results, as the plutonium is destroyed. [PAR] The idea of fast breeders as the ultimate goal of nuclear power engineering goes back to the 1950s, when experts predicted that fast-breeders would generate all Britain\u2019s electricity by the 1970s. But the Clinton administration eventually shut down the U.S.\u2019s research program in 1994. Britain followed soon after, shutting its Dounreay fast-breeder reactor on the north coast of Scotland in 1995. Other countries have continued with fast-breeder research programs, including France, China, Japan, India, South Korea, and Russia, which has been running a plant at Sverdlovsk for 32 years\u2026.. [PAR] Proponents of fast reactors see them as the nuclear application of one of the totems of environmentalism: recycling. But many technologists, and most environmentalists, are more skeptical. [PAR] The skeptics include Adrian Simper, the strategy director of the UK\u2019s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, which will be among those organizations deciding whether to back the PRISM plan. Simper warned last November in an internal memorandum that fast reactors were \u201cnot credible\u201d as a solution to Britain\u2019s plutonium problem because they had \u201cstill to be demonstrated commercially\u201d and could not be deployed within 25 years. [PAR] The technical challenges include the fact that it would require converting the plutonium powder into a metal alloy, with uranium and zirconium. This would be a large-scale industrial activity on its own that would create \u201ca likely large amount of plutonium-contaminated salt waste,\u201d Simper said. [PAR] Simper is also concerned that the plutonium metal, once prepared for the reactor, would be even more vulnerable to theft for making bombs than the powdered oxide. This view is shared by the Union of Concerned Scientists in the U.S., which argues that plutonium liberated from spent fuel in preparation for recycling \u201cwould be dangerously vulnerable to theft or misuse.\u201d\u2026. [PAR] Another criticism is the more general one that the nuclear industry has a track record of delivering late and wildly over"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | Crime-fighting successes of DNA BBC NEWS | UK | Crime-fighting successes of DNA [PAR] Printable version [PAR] Crime-fighting successes of DNA [PAR] A new way to interpret DNA samples has been announced by the Forensic Science Service. Some high-profile cases have been solved by DNA evidence: [PAR] LYNDA MANN AND DAWN ASHWORTH [PAR] The first murder conviction using DNA evidence came in 1988 when baker Colin Pitchfork was found guilty of the separate murders of two schoolgirls - Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, both 15 - in Narborough, Leicestershire. [PAR] Advancements in DNA technology led to Pitchfork's conviction [PAR] Both of the cases - one in 1983 and one in 1986 - involved sexual assaults, and semen samples were taken from both bodies. [PAR] Police had been convinced that local man Richard Buckland had committed both crimes and, under questioning, he confessed to the later murder but said he had no involvement in the first. [PAR] It was because of officers' belief that Mr Buckland had killed both girls that Leicester University's Dr Alec Jeffreys, who had developed a technique for creating DNA profiles, was called in. [PAR] After comparing semen samples with Mr Buckland's blood sample, Mr Jeffreys conclusively proved that both girls had been killed by the same man, but that it had not been Mr Buckland. [PAR] After the world's first mass screening for DNA - where 5,000 men in three villages were asked to volunteer blood or saliva samples - Pitchfork was eventually caught and jailed in 1988. [PAR] PETER FALCONIO [PAR] On 14 July 2001, Bradley Murdoch, of Broome, Western Australia, flagged down British backpackers Peter Falconio and Joanne Lees in their camper van in Alice Springs. [PAR] Murdoch consistently denied responsibility for the killing [PAR] He shot Mr Falconio dead and pointed a gun at Miss Lees before tying her up. She later escaped. [PAR] During the investigation that followed, the UK's FSS team carried out DNA tests on hand ties used on Miss Lee. [PAR] A DNA profile was obtained from \"deep inside the home-made ties\" thanks to the relatively new technology of DNA Low Copy Number (DNA LCN). [PAR] DNA LCN means DNA profiles can be obtained from samples containing only a few cells, as with the hand ties. [PAR] In 2005, in the court case that led to Murdoch's conviction, the jury heard that the genetic sample obtained from the handcuffs was 100 million times more likely to have come from Murdoch than anyone else. [PAR] MARION CROFTS [PAR] In 1981, Marion Crofts, 14, was dragged from her bicycle as she rode to band practice in Aldershot, Hampshire, and beaten to death. She had also been raped and strangled. [PAR] Marion Crofts was killed in 1981 [PAR] Despite a major investigation, it was not until two decades later, and thanks to advances in forensic evidence gathering, that there was a major breakthrough. [PAR] In July 1999, a full DNA profile of Marino's killer was obtained using DNA LCN. [PAR] It was extracted from microscope slide samples which had been taken from Marion's body and sealed in 1981. The process was risky - if the tests had failed, the samples could not be used again. [PAR] The DNA profile was entered into the national DNA database, but there were no matches. [PAR] In April 2001, Leicester man Tony Jasinskyj was arrested and charged for allegedly assaulting his wife. He was routinely swabbed for DNA and the profile entered into the database. [PAR] It turned out to be a match for the profile of Marion's killer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World\u2019s First Test Tube Baby Born - Jul 25, 1978 - HISTORY.com World\u2019s First Test Tube Baby Born - Jul 25, 1978 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 07/25/1978 - \"Test tube baby\" born [PAR] In a This Day in History video, learn that on July 25, 1965, Bob Dylan forever changed the tune of folk music and went electric. Dylan debuted his new sound at the Newport Folk Festival, shaking the house with his first note of Maggie's Farm. The audience responded to Dylan with a sea of applause and booing; he wouldn't return to the festival for another thirty-seven years. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] World\u2019s First Test Tube Baby Born [PAR] Share this: [PAR] World\u2019s First Test Tube Baby Born [PAR] Author [PAR] World\u2019s First Test Tube Baby Born [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1978, Louise Joy Brown, the world\u2019s first baby to be conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) is born at Oldham and District General Hospital in Manchester, England, to parents Lesley and Peter Brown. The healthy baby was delivered shortly before midnight by caesarean section and weighed in at five pounds, 12 ounces. [PAR] Before giving birth to Louise, Lesley Brown had suffered years of infertility due to blocked fallopian tubes. In November 1977, she underwent the then-experimental IVF procedure. A mature egg was removed from one of her ovaries and combined in a laboratory dish with her husband\u2019s sperm to form an embryo. The embryo then was implanted into her uterus a few days later. Her IVF doctors, British gynecologist Patrick Steptoe and scientist Robert Edwards, had begun their pioneering collaboration a decade earlier. Once the media learned of the pregnancy, the Browns faced intense public scrutiny. Louise\u2019s birth made headlines around the world and raised various legal and ethical questions. [PAR] The Browns had a second daughter, Natalie, several years later, also through IVF. In May 1999, Natalie became the first IVF baby to give birth to a child of her own. The child\u2019s conception was natural, easing some concerns that female IVF babies would be unable to get pregnant naturally. In December 2006, Louise Brown, the original \u201ctest tube baby,\u201d gave birth to a boy, Cameron John Mullinder, who also was conceived naturally. [PAR] Today, IVF is considered a mainstream medical treatment for infertility. Hundreds of thousands of children around the world have been conceived through the procedure, in some cases with donor eggs and sperm. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines) | Flying Blue | SkyTeam KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines) | Flying Blue | SkyTeam [PAR] \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 [PAR] KLM Royal Dutch Airlines [PAR] KLM Royal Dutch Airlines was founded in 1919, making it the world\u2019s oldest airline operating under its original name. In 2004 Air France and KLM merged to form AIR FRANCE KLM. The merger produced the strongest European airline group based on two powerful brand names and hubs \u2013 Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and Paris-Charles de Gaulle. The two airlines collaborate in three core activities whilst maintaining their own identities \u2013 passenger transport, cargo transport, and aircraft maintenance. [PAR] In the Netherlands, KLM comprises the core of the KLM Group which further includes KLM Cityhopper, transavia.com and Martinair. KLM is a leader in the airline industry and offers reliable operations and customer-oriented products resulting from its policy of enthusiasm and sustainable innovation. [PAR] KLM participates in the industry\u2019s leading trans-Atlantic joint venture with Air France, Delta Air Lines and Alitalia. With approximately 250 daily trans-Atlantic flights and a fleet of around 150 aircraft, the joint venture between AIR FRANCE-KLM, Alitalia and Delta Air Lines provides customers with the benefits of a vast route network offering more frequent flights, competitive fares and harmonized services on all trans-Atlantic flights. [PAR] Facts & Figures[DOC] [TLE] Company profile - KLM Corporate - KLM.com Company profile - KLM Corporate - KLM.com [PAR] Company Profile [PAR] [PAR] Company profile [PAR] KLM Royal Dutch Airlines was founded on 7 October, 1919 to serve the Netherlands and its colonies. KLM is today the oldest airline still operating under its original name. KLM has been part of the AIR FRANCE KLM group since the merger in 2004. [PAR] KLM is the core of the KLM Group, which further includes the wholly-owned subsidiaries KLM Cityhopper, transavia.com and Martinair. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Mission [PAR] With Air France, KLM is at the forefront of the European airline industry. Offering reliability and a healthy dose of Dutch pragmatism, 32,000 KLM employees work to provide innovative products for our customers and a safe, efficient, service-oriented operation with a proactive focus on sustainability. KLM strives to achieve profitable growth that contributes to both its own corporate aims and to economic and social development. [PAR] KLM works to create sustainable growth at Schiphol, to gain access to any market that will increase the quality its network and to maintain a level playing field for all industry players. It also works to ensure a balance between the company\u2019s interests and those of the people living and working close to the airport. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Vision [PAR] KLM wants to become the most customer centric, innovative and efficient European network carrier. By merging with Air France KLM has come to occupy a leading position in the international airline industry. KLM wants to be the customers\u2019 first choice, to be an attractive employer for its staff and, a company that grows profitably for its shareholders. With smart partnerships and pioneering new destinations, KLM offers global access through its extensive network. By responding to market opportunities and technological developments, KLM offers customers a contemporary product. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Customer focus [PAR] Both the modern traveller and freight companies require as much flexibility as possible and a wide range of choices. The strong transfer product offered by KLM at Schiphol airport is the foundation of a high-quality network of direct European and intercontinental connections for passengers and cargo. KLM\u2019s customer-oriented service is evidence of its pragmatic and entrepreneurial Dutch spirit. KLM focuses on the individual behind the customer, because KLM understands that every customer is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 6 immutable luggage rules I always follow - Travelers United 6 immutable luggage rules I always follow - Travelers United [PAR] Travelers United [PAR] 6 immutable luggage rules I always follow [PAR] June 7, 2010 [PAR] Filed Under: Columns By Ned Levi 29 Comments [PAR] Lost luggage is the bane of the traveler, happening far too often. While lost luggage can never be fully prevented, there are steps you can take to help prevent your luggage from being lost, and minimize the impact if it is. [PAR] This year in April , US Airlines flew more than 47.5M passengers. There were more than 137,000 reports of mishandled baggage. That\u2019s almost 3 bags per thousand passengers. For those who have been lucky so far, believe me, lost airline luggage is a very real problem. [PAR] Lost or mishandled luggage is not just an airline problem. Neighbors lost their luggage on their recent cruise. The luggage had been delivered to the wrong cabin. It took the crew 3 days to find it in an empty cabin. [PAR] I know friends who had their luggage delivered to the wrong room by the hotel\u2019s bellhop, and waited 24 hours until it was found, and train passengers who used the luggage check-in service to find out their bags were put on the wrong train. [PAR] Here\u2019s six immutable luggage rules I always follow: [PAR] 1. If you can\u2019t afford to loose it, don\u2019t take it when you travel. [PAR] 2. Never pack anything valuable in your checked-in luggage. Valuables packed in your checked-in luggage typically aren\u2019t covered for loss by any of the airlines . Royal Caribbean Cruises , like most cruise lines state, \u201cUnless negligent, Carrier (RCCL) is neither responsible nor liable for any loss of or damage to Passenger\u2019s property, whether contained in luggage or otherwise,\u201d and Amtrak only covers checked-in luggage losses to $500. [PAR] 3. Pack all your valuables and a change of clothes in your carry-on. That includes cameras, computers, electronics, medications, etc. [PAR] 4. If you can avoid checking-in luggage, do it. On short trips, pack light enough that you only need carry-on luggage. [PAR] 5. When you arrive at your destination, carry your carry-on. At the hotel, or cruise ship terminal, you\u2019re tempted to let hotel or cruise personnel handle your carry-on. Don\u2019t! Your valuables and presumably a change of clothes are in your carry-on, so don\u2019t chance losing them. [PAR] Whenever possible, accompany or take all your luggage to your hotel room personally. Always carry your own carry-on. Cruise ships\u2019 luggage pallets are usually loaded with carry-on thrown on top. The carry-ons are therefore the most vulnerable to falling out into the water when loaded into the ship. Sometimes you\u2019ll be lucky and your bag won\u2019t sink, but it will still be soaked. [PAR] Extra Tip: I know it will make you work a little harder, but after seeing cruise luggage go overboard during loading, if the cruise line will permit it, I personally roll all my luggage aboard, not just my carry-on. [PAR] 6. Lock your luggage. Yes, luggage locks and seals aren\u2019t hard to break open, but I always lock or seal my luggage anyway, including my carry-ons. There are plenty of airline passengers who will pilfer items from your carry-ons, if given a chance. If you lock your luggage, thieves may move on to easier targets. Also, when your luggage is locked or sealed, if it falls or drops during transport, it\u2019s more likely to remained closed, keeping your belongings intact. (*Use TSA approved locks for checked-in luggage.) [PAR] Here\u2019s some additional"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - Edited Entry h2g2 - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - Edited Entry [PAR] The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything [PAR] The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [PAR] Created [PAR] 5 Conversations [PAR] To fully understand the history of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1 , (abbreviated to USSR and rendered CCCP in the Cyrillic alphabet) it is best to look at it through the lives of its leaders. The earliest of these were Vladamir Ilich Ulyanov, better known as Lenin, and Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, or Stalin, as most of us know him. At the time of their births, in 1870 and 1879 respectively, no one could have foreseen the great changes that lay ahead for the Russian Empire, an empire that had been ruled by the Grand Princes, Tsars and Emperors for almost one thousand years. [PAR] In 1848, Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto and in 1867, Das Kapital. The impact of these and other socialist writings were to affect Russia and indeed the rest of world for most of the 20th Century. [PAR] Who Led the USSR? [PAR] Unlike most other republics where the leader is the President or some other elected representative is the obvious leader of the country, in the USSR, the Communist Party was supreme. Therefore if you were Party Chairman you had the authority to select and sack whoever you wanted in government and follow whatever policy you wished. Only towards the end did Gorbachev make the two roles of Party Chairman and President into one - the short-lived role of Executive President of the USSR. [PAR] Vladamir Ilich Lenin 1870-1924 [PAR] Lenin was the son of a schoolteacher who had risen to the position as an inspector of schools. However, he was expelled from university where he was studying law after only three months in 1887. He became a Marxist in 1889 and eventually took his law exams at Samara gaining a first class degree. The various Marxist groups first came together in 1895 as the Union for the Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class. Lenin quickly became established among the leaders, and with the others was arrested in December for organising demonstrations. He was initially jailed for fifteen months then exiled for three years in Siberia where he was joined by his fianc\u00e9e Nadezhda Krupskaya; they were married in exile. [PAR] Most of the leaders were still imprisoned when the Marxist groups called a first congress in 1898 in Minsk. Little was achieved. However, at the second congress held in Brussels and London in 1903 the formation of ideology came to a dramatic impasse. Over a crucial vote there were two distinct groups within the newly-renamed Russian Social-Democratic Worker's Party. The majority supported the views of Lenin and became known as the Bolsheviks (meaning majoritorians) whereas the minority voted with L. Martovs and henceforth were known as the Mensheviks (or Minoritorians). [PAR] 1905 Revolution [PAR] Both the groupings within Marxist circles agreed that two forms of revolution were required to bring about their manifesto. First, the Bourgeois , educated middle class liberals, and then the Proletariat working class. In 1902 Lenin had written What is to Be Done? basically a reworking and updating of Bakunin and Nechayes's 1869 Revolutionary Catechism. So an attempt to stir up these two classes was made in 1905. However, the time was not yet right for revolution and the leaders were either round up or scattered. Lenin himself was to find himself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] OPEC : Brief History OPEC : Brief History [PAR] Brief History [PAR] Home About Us Brief History [PAR] Brief History [PAR] The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10\u201314, 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. The five Founding Members were later joined by nine other Members: Qatar (1961); Indonesia (1962) \u2013 suspended its membership in January 2009, reactivated it in January 2016, but decided to suspend it again in November 2016; Libya (1962); United Arab Emirates (1967); Algeria (1969); Nigeria (1971); Ecuador (1973) \u2013 suspended its membership in December 1992, but reactivated it in October 2007; Angola (2007); and Gabon (1975) - terminated its membership in January 1995 but rejoined in July 2016. OPEC had its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the first five years of its existence. This was moved to Vienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965. [PAR] OPEC's objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. [PAR] The 1960s [PAR] OPEC\u2019s formation by five oil-producing developing countries in Baghdad in September 1960 occurred at a time of transition in the international economic and political landscape, with extensive decolonisation and the birth of many new independent states in the developing world. The international oil market was dominated by the \u201cSeven Sisters\u201d multinational companies and was largely separate from that of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and other centrally planned economies (CPEs). OPEC developed its collective vision, set up its objectives and established its Secretariat, first in Geneva and then, in 1965, in Vienna. It adopted a \u2018Declaratory Statement of Petroleum Policy in Member Countries\u2019 in 1968, which emphasised the inalienable right of all countries to exercise permanent sovereignty over their natural resources in the interest of their national development. Membership grew to ten by 1969. [PAR] The 1970s [PAR] OPEC rose to international prominence during this decade, as its Member Countries took control of their domestic petroleum industries and acquired a major say in the pricing of crude oil on world markets. On two occasions, oil prices rose steeply in a volatile market, triggered by the Arab oil embargo in 1973 and the outbreak of the Iranian Revolution in 1979. OPEC broadened its mandate with the first Summit of Heads of State and Government in Algiers in 1975, which addressed the plight of the poorer nations and called for a new era of cooperation in international relations, in the interests of world economic development and stability. This led to the establishment of the OPEC Fund for International Development in 1976. Member Countries embarked on ambitious socio-economic development schemes. Membership grew to 13 by 1975. [PAR] The 1980s [PAR] After reaching record levels early in the decade, prices began to weaken, before crashing in 1986, responding to a big oil glut and consumer shift away from this hydrocarbon. OPEC\u2019s share of the smaller oil market fell heavily and its total petroleum revenue dropped below a third of earlier peaks, causing severe economic hardship for many Member Countries. Prices rallied in the final part of the decade, but to around half the levels of the early part, and OPEC\u2019s share of newly growing world output began to recover. This was supported by OPEC introducing a group production ceiling divided among Member Countries and a Reference Basket for pricing, as well as significant progress with OPEC/non-OPEC dialogue"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minister for Magic - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Minister for Magic | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Several Ministers in recent times, from left to right: Cornelius Fudge (1990-1996), Rufus Scrimgeour (1996-1997), Pius Thicknesse (1997-1998) and Kingsley Shacklebolt (1998-c. 2019) [PAR] The Minister for Magic is the leader of the wizarding community in the United Kingdom and Ireland and the highest ranking member of the Ministry of Magic , which they control. The position somewhat corresponds to the Prime Minister of British Muggles . [PAR] The Minister is advised on wizarding matters by their staff members and by the other Heads of Departments. They also chair the Wizengamot to pass Wizarding Laws, or to hear important trials (such as Harry Potter 's case), though the verdict is decided by majority vote, including that of the Minister themselves. Many other wizarding countries also have Ministers and have the similar governmental systems such as the Bulgarian minister . [PAR] Despite being the head of the wizarding community of Britain and Ireland, it is common for the Minister to uphold a facade of peace and safety to maintain control and the satisfaction of the public, even if it means blatantly lying to the citizens, putting them at risk, and forcing the media to corroborate the Ministries claims. This was a sign of the corruption during the times of the Second Wizarding War . [PAR] The Minister for Magic was formally appointed in 1707 when Ulick Gamp was voted in as the first Minister for Magic. The minister is democratically elected through a public vote and there is no fixed limit to a Minister's term in office. However, regular elections must be held at a maximum interval of seven years. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] History [PAR] Albus Dumbledore was offered, but refused, the position on at least three occasions. This was due to Dumbledore's past, leading himself to believe that he was not to be trusted with power. [PAR] After Millicent Bagnold was preparing to retire, Barty Crouch Snr was the next prime candidate, due to his cruel but effective methods of combating the Dark Arts during the First Wizarding War , until he sentenced his son to Azkaban for being a Death Eater . It was after his son's presumed death that the public began to take pity on the boy and thought Crouch was too neglectful as a father, which led to a drop in his popularity, causing him to lose out to Fudge. [PAR] Cornelius Fudge was Minister from 1990 to 1996 . During his first days in office, he was not very confident and, as a result, constantly bombarded Dumbledore with letters for advice . During the last year of his tenure, Fudge was overcome by self-induced persecution delusions because Dumbledore claimed Voldemort had returned, and abused his own position to prevent that news from spreading, in order to protect both his position of power and the peace that the Ministry had worked so hard to maintain. In the end, when Fudge was forced to accept that Voldemort had indeed returned, the entire wizarding community called for his resignation and, after a fortnight of futile attempts to remain in office, in July 1996 he was replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour . [PAR] Scrimgeour's term ran for one year, in which he was little better than Fudge, despite his aura of experience and pro-activity; he created cover-ups and detained incorrect suspects to make it look as though he was accomplishing something. Making the same mistakes as his predecessor, he gave little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This list shows all the anagrammatic names Lord Voldemort ... This list shows all the anagrammatic names Lord Voldemort rejected [PAR] This list shows all the anagrammatic names Lord Voldemort rejected [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Fans of Harry Potter know that the phrase \"I am Lord Voldemort\" is an anagram for You-Know-Who's given name. What we didn't know was that it wasn't the first anagram Voldemort settled on. Redditor redditthemusical posted this goofy list of the Dark Lord's rejected names. [PAR] There's also a very interesting discussion in the Reddit comments about how different translations made the Tom Marvolo Riddle/I am Lord Voldemort anagram work. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Update: The creators behind this brilliant piece have come forward! It was written by Dan Abromowitz , with art by Katie Rose . [PAR] Gear from Kinja Deals[DOC] [TLE] Voldemort - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia Voldemort | Fictional Characters Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Character development [PAR] In a 2001 interview, Rowling said Voldemort was invented as a nemesis for Harry Potter, the main protagonist of the series, and she intentionally did not flesh out Voldemort's backstory at first. \"The basic idea [was that Harry] didn't know he was a wizard [...] And so then I kind of worked backwards from that position to find out how that could be, that he wouldn't know what he was. [...] When he was one year old, the most evil wizard for hundreds and hundreds of years attempted to kill him. He killed Harry's parents, and then he tried to kill Harry \u2014 he tried to curse him. [...] Harry has to find out, before we find out. And \u2013 so \u2013 but for some mysterious reason the curse didn't work on Harry. So he's left with this lightning bolt shaped scar on his forehead and the curse rebounded upon the evil wizard, who has been in hiding ever since.\" [3] [PAR] In the second book, Rowling established that Voldemort hated non-pure-blood wizards, despite being a half-blood himself. In a 2000 interview with the BBC , Rowling described Voldemort as a self-hating bully: \"Well I think it is often the case that the biggest bullies take what they know to be their own defects, as they see it, and they put them right on someone else and then they try and destroy the other and that's what Voldemort does.\" [4] In the same year, Rowling became more precise about Voldemort. She began to link him to real-life tyrants, describing him as \"a raging psychopath , devoid of the normal human responses to other people's suffering\". [5] In 2004, though, Rowling said that she did not base Voldemort on any real person. [6] In 2006, Rowling told an interviewer that Voldemort at his core has a human fear: the fear of death. She said: \"Voldemort's fear is death, ignominious death. I mean, he regards death itself as ignominious. He thinks that it's a shameful human weakness, as you know. His worst fear is death.\" [7] [PAR] Throughout the series, Rowling establishes that Voldemort is so feared in the wizarding world that it is considered dangerous even to speak his name. Most characters in the novels refer to him as \"You-Know-Who\" or \"He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named\" rather than say his name aloud. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , a Taboo is placed upon the name, such that Voldemort or his followers may trace anyone who utters it. By this means his followers eventually find and capture Harry, Ron and Hermione. In the second book, Rowling reveals that I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Psycho | film by Hitchcock [1960] | Britannica.com Psycho | film by Hitchcock [1960] | Britannica.com [PAR] film by Hitchcock [1960] [PAR] Psycho, American suspense film and psychological thriller, released in 1960, that was directed by Alfred Hitchcock and is loosely based on the real-life killings of Wisconsin serial murderer Ed Gein . [PAR] (From left to right) Vera Miles, John Gavin, and Anthony Perkins in Psycho \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 1960 Paramount Pictures, all rights reserved [PAR] After secretary Marion Crane (played by Janet Leigh ) impulsively absconds from her job with $40,000, she checks into the eerie Bates Motel, which is run by shy, awkward Norman Bates ( Anthony Perkins ) and his domineering elderly mother. While taking a shower, Crane is fatally stabbed by Norman\u2019s mother, and Norman disposes of the body. Meanwhile, Crane\u2019s boyfriend ( John Gavin) and her sister ( Vera Miles ) launch a frantic search that eventually takes them to the Bates home. There they fend off an attack by Norman\u2019s mother, who, dressed as the long-deceased Mrs. Bates, in reality is Norman. A psychiatrist later determines that Norman suffers from a split personality that led him to commit murder. [PAR] In 1960, the same year that director Michael Powell \u2019s career was nearly ruined for releasing the sexually oriented murder film Peeping Tom , Hitchcock found his greatest success with this equally disturbing film along similarly shocking plotlines. Hitchcock made Psycho on a limited budget by shooting in black and white and using the crew from his television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents. The director financed much of the film himself in return for a large percentage of the profits, which earned him millions. The murder in the shower, one of the most famous scenes in cinematic history, was a textbook example of brilliant film editing, but the scene is probably best remembered for Bernard Herrmann \u2019s masterful score, in which violins , cellos , and violas screech in unison with each slash of Norman\u2019s knife. The production design of the old house on the hill where the eccentric Norman Bates lived is famous for its nightmarish effect. [PAR] A scene from Psycho (1960), directed by Alfred Hitchcock. [PAR] \u00a9 1960 Paramount Pictures Corporation [PAR] Director and Producer: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Writer: Joseph Stefano[DOC] [TLE] Anthony Perkins | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos ... Anthony Perkins | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos | AllMovie [PAR] twitter [PAR] Biography by Jason Buchanan [PAR] An shy, slender actor whose name became virtually synonymous with legendary screen Psycho Norman Bates despite numerous solid performances in films outside the Hitchcock originated series, Anthony Perkins ' sensitive and versatile early performances remain unfortunately obscured by his portrayal of the gender-bending sociopath that made filmgoers reluctant to shower alone for decades to come. [PAR] Born to actor Osgood Perkins in April 1932 (who would die when Tony was but five years old), the young Perkins decided to follow in his father's footsteps when, at age 15, he became a member of the Actor's Equity. Soon taking the stage in summer stock, the fledgling and humble thespian embraced even the more unglamorous aspects of stage work and worked tirelessly to develop into an actor who could find celluloid success. Subsequent performances in such Rollins College productions as The Importance of Being Ernest helped him to develop the necessary skills, and following a relocation to Hollywood, Perkins was cast alongside Spencer Tracy in the film adaptation of Ruth Gordon 's dramatic play The Actress. Reluctant to dive headfirst into what he considered the questionable ethics of Tinsletown, Perkins packed his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ming The Merciless (Character) - Comic Vine Ming The Merciless (Character) - Comic Vine [PAR] Ming The Merciless [PAR] The Ming The Merciless wiki last edited by fesak on 06/24/14 04:36PM View full history [PAR] Origin [PAR] When Flash Gordon and his friends land on the planet Mongo , they find it ruled by the evil Emperor Ming, a tyrant who quickly becomes his arch-enemy for many years. His hatred for Flash Gordon is only matched by his desire to rule the Universe, on the course of using his Machiavellian plot such as releasing the Purple Death on Earth as spite for Flash Gordon. [PAR] Creation [PAR] Published by King Features Syndicate , Ming the Merciless was created by Alex Raymond . [PAR] Powers and Abilities [PAR] Ming is possesses an incredible intellect, which he uses for evil purposes. Out-smarting Flash Gordon and setting traps up for him, devising vile schemes, and various other intentions. He is also able to use magic to aid in his plans, and appears to have technology that is fairly advanced. [PAR] Other Media [PAR] Charles Middleton as Emperor Ming [PAR] Universal Pictures released three Flash Gordon cliffhanger serials in the 1930's and 40's and Charles Middleton played Emperor Ming in all three films. This writer has over 100 cliffhanger serials in his private collection and in his opinion no serial actor ever played a better villain than Charles Middleton did when he was Emperor Ming. [PAR] Ming in Defenders of the Earth [PAR] Ming was the primary antagonist in the 80's cartoon Defenders of the Earth, appearing alongside other King Features characters such as Flash Gordon , The Phantom , Mandrake & Lothar . [PAR] Latest Images [PAR] Close [PAR] This edit will also create new pages on Comic Vine for: [PAR] Beware, you are proposing to add brand new pages to the wiki along with your edits. Make sure this is what you intended. This will likely increase the time it takes for your changes to go live. [PAR] Comment and Save [PAR] Until you earn 1000 points all your submissions need to be vetted by other Comic Vine users. This process takes no more than a few hours and we'll send you an email once approved. [PAR] Save your changes [PAR] Thanks, we're checking your submission. [PAR] Whoah, whoah... slow down there. [PAR] Thanks! Your changes are live! [PAR] Some of your changes are live [PAR] Because you're new to wiki editing, we sent your submission off to our moderators to check it over. Most changes are approved within a few hours. We'll send an email when it is. [PAR] Once you've earned over points you'll be able to bypass this step and make live edits to our system. Until then, gain points by continuing to edit pages. [PAR] You are currently banned from editing the wiki. [PAR] Wiki submissions are currently disabled. [PAR] No changes were submitted, nothing was done! Please make changes to the wiki! [PAR] Thanks for continuing to improve the site. Some of your changes are now live. However, some of your changes were sent to moderation because you do not have enough points to make those live edits. You need points to live edit the changes you commited. [PAR] For the changes that went through, our robot math gave you points for this submission. [PAR] Thanks for continuing to improve the site. Your changes are now live. Our robot math gave you points for this submission.[DOC] [TLE] Ming the Merciless - Villains Wiki - Wikia Ming the Merciless | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fatal Attraction (1987) - IMDb Fatal Attraction (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A married man's one-night stand comes back to haunt him when that lover begins to stalk him and his family. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 03 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 17 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Fatal Attraction \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 6 Oscars. Another 7 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A violent, suspended police detective investigates a brutal murder, in which a manipulative and seductive woman could be involved. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] A computer specialist is sued for sexual harassment by a former lover turned boss who initiated the act forcefully, which threatens both his career and his personal life. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] A married couple try everything to get each other to leave the house in a vicious divorce battle. [PAR] Director: Danny DeVito [PAR] A millionaire offers $1,000,000 to a young married couple for a night with the wife. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] A remake of the Alfred Hitchcock classic Dial M for Murder (1954). [PAR] Director: Andrew Davis [PAR] Two NYC cops arrest a Yakuza member and must escort him when he's extradited to Japan. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] A New York suburban couple's marriage goes dangerously awry when the wife indulges in an adulterous fling. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] A romance writer sets off to Colombia to ransom her kidnapped sister, and soon finds herself in the middle of a dangerous adventure. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] This is the sequel to \"Romancing the Stone\" where Jack and Joan have their yacht and easy life, but are gradually getting bored with each other and this way of life. Joan accepts an ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Lewis Teague [PAR] A woman advertising for a new roommate finds that something very strange is going on with the tenant who decides to move in. [PAR] Director: Barbet Schroeder [PAR] A woman gets involved in an impersonal affair with a man. She barely knows about his life, only about the sex games they play, so the relationship begins to get complicated. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] A borderline personality disordered defense worker frustrated with the various flaws he sees in society, begins to psychotically and violently lash out against them. [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Happily married New York lawyer Dan Callagher has an affair with his colleague Alex, and the two enjoy a love weekend while Dan's wife and kid are away. But Alex will not let go of him, and she will stop at nothing to have him for herself. Just how far will she go to get what she wants? Written by Sami Al-Taher <staher2000@yahoo.com> [PAR] See All (230) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] On the other side of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Claw - Inspector Gadget Wiki - Wikia Dr. Claw | Inspector Gadget Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"I'll get you next time, Gadget ! NEXT TIME!!!\" [PAR] \u2015Claw's famous ending line [src] [PAR] Dr. Claw is the main antagonist of the Inspector Gadget franchise. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Routine [PAR] Claw always sends his group of agents after Gadget to eliminate him, only for his plan to backfire when his men get arrested. This soon drives him to hiring new agents in each episode. [PAR] Personality [PAR] Claw is evil, menacing, dark, sinister, sadistic, and a threat to all of Metro City. He is a criminal mastermind and will stop at nothing to destroy Lt. Gadget and take over the world. Most of his plots are terrorism and global attacks. Even though he is an evil mastermind, he thinks Gadget's stupidity is an act to mock him and views him as his worst enemy, and has no idea that Penny and Brain did all the work. As revealed in the first live-action film , he lost his left hand in a accident, giving him a mechanical claw. In Gadget and the Gadgetinis , it is shown that he has had his claw since he was a baby, so he probably lost his arm when he was young or he was born without his right arm. [PAR] He is usually at a computer terminal where he monitors his various schemes, often in a creepy old castle. Although he's aware of Gadget 's idiocy, he believes the Inspector to be his greatest enemy, never realizing that it is actually Penny and Brain who foil his plots in each episode (although he or his M.A.D. agents have captured Penny and sometimes Brain a number of times). He is usually seen with his fat pet cat M.A.D. Cat , who reaps the benefits of his brief victories and bears the brunt of his defeats. Claw's catchphrase at the end of every episode is, \"I'll get you next time, Gadget! NEXT TIME!!!\". [PAR] In the 2015 CGI series, he isn't as malicious, or as cruel or as evil as he used to be, and seems almost as incompetent as Gadget, even though he stil retains a certain evilness and cruelty that characterizes him. He is presumably either out of practice or losing his touch. [PAR] Claw's Face [PAR] Throughout the entire series, Claw is an unseen character, only just his arms and gloved hands are visible, leaving the viewer to guess as to his face and body, though a shadow of his body can be seen in Inspector Gadget Saves Christmas .Though his face is never shown, evidence suggests that he has the appearance of a mad scientist. Despite sitting down in an executive chair for most of the series , it is clear that he possesses an intimidating physical stature (as others are usually shown cowering when he stands). [PAR] There were only 5 instances where his face was visible: [PAR] In the first live-action film (it was partially hidden in the sequel). [PAR] In the SNES game where he is fought as the final boss. [PAR] In the Gadget and the Gadgetinis episode \" The Weather Machine ,\" the viewers get to see a closeup of his face while he wakes up from his nap. This version of Claw has a muscular body and a square-shaped head. His face is usually hidden in shadow with only his glowing yellow eyes visible, but in \"The Weather Machine,\" the outlines of his nose and mouth are visible."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Silence of the Lambs (1991) - FAQ - IMDb The Silence of the Lambs (1991) - FAQ [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Visit our FAQ Help to learn more [PAR] FAQ [PAR] How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? [PAR] For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for The Silence of the Lambs can be found here . [PAR] What is 'The Silence of the Lambs' about? [PAR] When Catherine Martin ( Brooke Smith ), the daughter of Tennessee Senator Ruth Martin ( Diane Baker ), is kidnapped by a serial killer known only as Buffalo Bill ( Ted Levine ), F.B.I. agent-in-training Clarice Starling ( Jodie Foster ) is called upon to interact with psychopathic, cannibalistic killer psychiatrist Doctor Hannibal Lecter ( Anthony Hopkins ) who may have insights into the identity of Buffalo Bill. [PAR] Is \"The Silence of the Lambs\" based on a book? [PAR] The movie is based on The Silence of the Lambs, a 1988 novel by American writer Thomas Harris. The novel was adapted for the movie by American screenwriter Ted Tally. The Silence of the Lambs won the 1992 Academy Award for Best Motion Picture. There have since been two movie sequels, Hannibal (2001) and Hannibal Rising (2007) and one prequel Red Dragon (2002), also based on novels by Thomas Harris. Prior to The Silence of the Lambs, there was another Hannibal Lecter movie, Manhunter (1986), which was based on Harris' 1981 novel, Red Dragon. [PAR] What does the title mean? [PAR] Clarice tells Lecter how she was orphaned at 10 years of age and sent to live on a sheep and horse ranch in Montana. One night she awoke to a terrible screaming and discovered the rancher was slaughtering the spring lambs. She grabbed a lamb and tried to rescue it. When she was found the next day, the rancher sent her away to live in an orphanage. The experience had a traumatic psychological effect on Clarice that haunts her for life. Lecter concludes that Clarice's fervent desire to save Catherine Martin will ultimately help her to silence the sound of the lambs screaming in her mind. [PAR] When does the story take place? [PAR] A picture of one of Buffalo Bill's victims has the year 1989 on it, so it must be either 1989 or the beginning of 1990. This is also implied when Chilton mentions the date of Hannibal's attack on a nurse (July 8th, 1981), and his remark that Hannibal has not seen a woman in 8 years. This presumes that the nurse was indeed the last woman Hannibal came into contact with, which is a reasonable assumption, given that Hannibal was locked up in a dungeon with only male orderlies. [PAR] What does 'quid pro quo' mean? [PAR] Quid pro quo is Latin for \"what for what\" or \"something for something.\" It refers to a reciprocal exchange. In the context of the movie, Lecter promises to feed information about Buffalo Bill to Clarice but only if she will tell him things about herself in return. [PAR] What kind of moths was Buffalo Bill raising? [PAR] Roden ( Dan Butler ) and Dr Pilcher ( Paul Lazar ) identify the one taken from the victim's throat as a Death's-Head"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Batman & Robin (1997) - IMDb Batman & Robin (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Batman and Robin try to keep their relationship together even as they must stop Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from freezing Gotham City. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 18 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 21 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Batman & Robin \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 10 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Batman must battle Two-Face and The Riddler with help from an amorous psychologist and a young circus acrobat who becomes his sidekick, Robin. [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] When a corrupt businessman and the grotesque Penguin plot to take control of Gotham City, only Batman can stop them, while the Catwoman has her own agenda. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] The Dark Knight of Gotham City begins his war on crime with his first major enemy being the clownishly homicidal Joker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Superman reappears after a long absence, but is challenged by an old foe who uses Kryptonian technology for world domination. [PAR] Director: Bryan Singer [PAR] Superman agrees to sacrifice his powers to start a relationship with Lois Lane, unaware that three Kryptonian criminals he inadvertently released are conquering Earth. [PAR] Directors: Richard Lester, Richard Donner [PAR] Stars: Gene Hackman, Christopher Reeve, Margot Kidder [PAR] A shy woman, endowed with the speed, reflexes, and senses of a cat, walks a thin line between criminal and hero, even as a detective doggedly pursues her, fascinated by both of her personas. [PAR] Director: Pitof [PAR] An alien orphan is sent from his dying planet to Earth, where he grows up to become his adoptive home's first and greatest superhero. [PAR] Director: Richard Donner [PAR] Synthetic kryptonite laced with tobacco tar splits Superman in two: good Clark Kent and bad Man of Steel. [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] A man blinded by toxic waste which also enhanced his remaining senses fights crime as an acrobatic martial arts superhero. [PAR] Director: Mark Steven Johnson [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Batman and Robin are back working side-by-side to stop the villains of Gotham City, but is there tension appearing between them, especially when one villainess who calls herself Poison Ivy can make anyone fall in love with her...literally. Along with Poison Ivy, the icy Mr. Freeze is freezing anything which gets in his way from achieving his goal. Written by FilmFanUk [PAR] Strength. Courage."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EastEnders - John Altman EastEnders [PAR] 'Ello Ma'!!!!! [PAR] The Creation of Nick Cotton [PAR] Nicholas Charles \"Nick\" Cotton is a fictional character from the British soap opera EastEnders played by John Altman on a recurring basis from the soap's debut episode on 19 February 1985, in six separate stints (1985 to 1991, 1993, 1998, 2000 to 2001, 2008 to 2009 and from 2014 onwards). Nick is the son of characters Charlie (Christopher Hancock) and Dot Cotton (June Brown), and the father of Charlie (Declan Bennett), Ashley (Frankie Fitzgerald) and Dotty Cotton (Molly Conlin). His storylines have seen him twice commit murder; Reg Cox in 1985 and Eddie Royle in 1991 respectively, succumb to a heroin addiction, his racism and attempts to poison his own mother, causing the death of his son Ashley and faking his own death, amongst numerous other misdemeanours. Nick was also the subject of a special spin-off episode, The Return of Nick Cotton, which aired in October 2000. He has been voted one of television's all-time most villainous characters in a Channel 4 poll. On 29 July 2014, it was confirmed that John Altman would return and Nick appeared onscreen again on 24 October 2014. He is the shows original villain as a result of his actions. [PAR] [PAR] Nick Cotton was the twenty-fourth character invented by the creators of EastEnders, Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Nick was not part of Holland's and Smith's original vision for EastEnders, and his creation came about as an afterthought. The first episode of the series was to include the death of an elderly resident, Reg Cox, who had been brutally attacked in his home, and left to die. During the first writers' meeting, where the writers were introduced to the intended characters and early scripts, each independently wanted to know which character had killed Reg. However, Holland and Smith had never intended for the murderer to be unveiled. They had no idea who had killed Reg Cox, and they had felt that \"the who\" was not important. The fact that he was dead following an attack was the important issue, and Reg's murder was not intended to be solved, it was only there to tell the audience, from the outset, that Walford was a rough and tough place. [PAR] [PAR] The writers opposed this. They accused Holland of throwing away a great opportunity and suggested that a murder hunt would provide an array of dramatic possibilities that would captivate the audience. After deciding that all of the twenty-three original characters were incapable of committing the crime, Holland decided to invent an entirely new character, in the form of Nick Cotton. The original character outline for Nick read: \"His image is exclusively macho. Vanishes for weeks on end. Mum doesn't ask questions... Unlike Den, Nick is a real crook. Worms his way into people's confidentiality and homes. From then on, lives on his wits. Waiting for the moment to strike; to nick the cash and disappear...Usually chooses his victims who, for one reason or another, are frightened to report him...Nick's a heroin addict.\" [PAR] As Nick was only intended to be a semi-regular character, Julia Smith was not involved in his casting and the actor John Altman was chosen by the directors. [PAR] [PAR] \"Nick Cotton is an EastEnders legend. His complex relationship with Dot, his criminal tendencies, and his addiction to heroin, violence, and everything else that's bad have made him one of the show's best-remembered and best-loved villains. We're very excited that he - and the talented John Altman who plays him - will be returning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ren\u00e9 Belloq - Villains Wiki - Wikia Ren\u00e9 Belloq | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] History [PAR] Ren\u00e9 Belloq with Toht. [PAR] Belloq became Indiana's foe at graduate school, when he plagiarized his essay on stratigraphy, thus winning an award that rightfully belonged to Indiana. Another encounter in 1934 is detailed, when Indiana spends months preparing a dig in Rub' al Khali, only to arrive and discover Belloq has excavated the region. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Early life [PAR] Ren\u00e9 Emile Belloq was born in Marseilles, France to a wealthy wine making family at Forteresse Malevil, and claimed to be a relative of Jean Lafitte. He had at least one sibling, a brother named Claude Belloq . Belloq grew up admiring France's most acclaimed archaeologists and made it his mission to become one himself by enrolling at the Sorbonne where a fellow student named Indiana Jones was studying linguistics. [PAR] In August 1922, the two met at an archaeological dig at Ur in Iraq where Belloq absconded with several artifacts and sold them off, damaging the reputation of Doctor Andr\u00e9s Uribe in the process. However, the act made Belloq a contact with dealers on the black market. Returning to the university, Belloq came across a paper on stratigraphy by Jones and plagiarized the work. As a result, he was awarded the Archaeological Society Prize with Jones unable to prove the theft. [PAR] His accolade and inherited wealth bought him a job at the Louvre in Paris as an assistant curator. He held the position for under a year as he became suspect in the funding of a grave robbing expedition in Persia which led to the deaths of several of the museum's employees and a British archaeologist. Fired, Belloq became a mercenary to whomever could afford him. [PAR] At some point in his career, Belloq journeyed to Estray in the Orkney Islands where the ruins were believed to hold the lost treasure of tenth century Viking pirate Magnus Redhand. Belloq's methods only resulted in angering the locals, and he left them distrustful of all archaeologists. Belloq also traveled to Peru where he made contact with the indigenous Hovitos tribe while searching for the Temple of the Chachapoyan Warriors. However, he was unable to convince the Hovitos to take him to the sacred valley of their Chachapoyan ancestors where the temple was located. [PAR] His career also saw the Louvre officially hire Belloq to search for the Star Map of Baghdad in French-controlled Syria. While Belloq was in the country with French government's permission, Jones was suspicious, and asked people to keep an eye on his rival. [PAR] Price hunter [PAR] In 1930, Belloq was on the trail of the Uppsala Scroll and traveled to Sweden to acquire it for the Nazis. Unfortunately, he reached the site too late, only finding Theresa Lawrence, who did not have the scroll, but instead possessed Baldur's Ring. He went to London, and with the help of some thugs, he stole the scroll from Marcus Brody. He traveled to Marrakesh where he met with his buyer, Krause. While showing the potency of the scroll's information, Belloq was unaware of Jones disguised nearby. When Jones stole the scroll and escaped, Belloq and Krause made the Nazi soldiers follow him. In a dead-end alley, Belloq found Jones fighting with a Nazi, and recovered the scroll. Giving the scroll to Krause, he offered to enlist Jones in future operations for the Nazis. Krause revealed that the scroll was a Torah, and Belloq was enraged at his deal gone sour - Jones had given the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold T. Sakata (1920 - 1982) - Find A Grave Memorial Harold T. Sakata (1920 - 1982) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] Honolulu County [PAR] Hawaii, USA [PAR] Actor. A native of Holualoa, Hawaii, he is best remembered for his role as henchman 'Oddjob' in the James Bond spy film, \"Goldfinger\" in 1964. His character's weapon of choice was a razor-rimmed bowler hat, that could pass for a frisbee. The film also starred German actor Gert Frobe in the title role. Other credits include the films, \"Seventeenth Heaven\" (1965), \"Operation Gold\" (1966), \"The Poppy Is Also A Flower\" (1966), \"Dimension 5\" (1966), \"The Phynx\" (1970), \"Sarge\" (1971), \"The Wrestler\" (1974), \"Impulse\" (1974), \"Mako: The Jaws Of Death\" (1976), \"The Happy Hooker Goes To Washington\" (1977), \"Record City\" (1978), \"Death Dimension\" (1978), \"Goin' Coconuts\" (1978), \"The Billion Dollar Threat\" (1979), \"The Ninja Strikes Back\" (1982), \"Invaders Of The Lost Gold\" (1982), and \"Mad Mission III: Our Man From Bond Street\" (1984), released after his death. On television, Sakata played the role of 'Cheng' in the short-lived series, \"Highcliffe Manor\" in 1979, and that of 'Ramoo' in the \"Gilligan's Island\" episode, \"The Hunter\", which aired on January 16, 1967. He also appeared in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"Hawaii Five-O\", \"The Blue Knight\", \"Police Woman\", \"The Rockford Files\", \"Quincy, M.E.\", and \"Kraft Suspense Theatre.\" Born Toshiyuki Sakata of Japanese descent, he was also an avid sportsman from a very young age. He became interested in wrestling and won a silver medal in that sport in the light heavyweight division at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England. He later became a professional wrestler under the name of 'Tosh Togo,' and became known for throwing salt in the eyes of his opponent. He was later discovered by James Bond film producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, and went onto the role that made him famous. He passed away from cancer in Honolulu, Hawaii, at the age of 62."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bee Gees (Music) - TV Tropes The Bee Gees (Music) - TV Tropes [PAR] The Bee Gees [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] \u2014 Basic Instructions [PAR] The Bee Gees are a controversial band to talk about these days, because either you love them or you hate them . Whatever the case, it isn't considered cool to like them, even though they have had a significant career in the music industry. [PAR] The Bee Gees name is commonly believed to be short for Brothers Gibb, though it's actually a reference to Australian DJ Bill Gates (no, not that Bill Gates) and promoter Bill Goode, two men who played key roles in launching the group's career. The Bee Gees for most of their history have consisted of twin brothers Robin and Maurice Gibb and older brother Barry. (Youngest brother Andy Gibb is commonly believed to have been a member of the Bee Gees, but he never was. However, they were planning on adding him in the '80s, but his death put a stop to that.) British by birth, the brothers were living in Australia when they began their musical careers, though they had moved back to Britain by the time they hit it big. They first came to prominence in the late 1960s as a harmonic rock group, characterized mainly by their three-part harmonies led by Robin Gibb's vibrato. Their first international hit was \"New York Mining Disaster 1941\" (1967); other hits from this period include \"To Love Somebody\", \"Holiday\", and \"Massachusetts\" (the last of these being their first UK #1 hit). These songs and several others today are staples on oldies stations. The band at this point actually consisted of five members. In addition to the Gibb brothers, the group also included guitarist Vince Melouney and drummer Colin Peterson. [PAR] The band's first three albums (excluding a couple of Australia-only releases), Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal, and Idea, were all popular successes. However, tensions began to boil during the recording of the group's next album, Odessa. Though the album today is considered one of the finest of their early period, it was a cause of great strife for the band. Robin began to feel that the label was favoring Barry's songs when it came to choosing singles, and finally left the band to pursue a solo career. Peterson was fired during sessions for their next album, and with Melouney having left previously to pursue a different musical direction, the Bee Gees at this point were a duo consisting of just Barry and Maurice. The album Cucumber Castle was a flop, and with the group in a state of chaos at this point, it was seemingly the end of The Bee Gees. [PAR] Then in late 1970, Barry and Maurice managed to patch up their rift with Robin. The three decided to reunite and give the Bee Gees another try, strictly as a trio this time. Not long after their reunion, the Bee Gees recorded two of their biggest hits, \"Lonely Days\" and \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\", the latter providing them with their first US #1 hit. After that, however, their commercial fortunes dropped sharply, as their next few albums sold very poorly. Deciding they needed a change in their sound, they teamed up with Arif Mardin and recorded the album Mr. Natural, which saw them infusing their trademark sound with elements of R&B; though the album was not a big seller, it did show that the group was starting to find themselves"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Am I Right - Band Name Origins -> U, Page 1 Am I Right - Band Name Origins -> U, Page 1 [PAR] It stands for ultra pure overload [PAR] [PAR] U2 [PAR] [PAR] The German equilivant of the subway is the U-bahn, abbreivated U and then the number. The U2 line in Berlin runs from Pankow to Ruhleben, through such important parts of town as the Olympic Stadium, Potsdamer Platz, and Alexanderplatz. This is where U2 got their name. This is reinforced by the album title \"Achtung Baby.\" \"Achtung\" is German for \"look out.\" [PAR] [PAR] U2 [PAR] [PAR] they had come down to four choices, the first one was who me, the second one was ya you, the thrid one was what about me and the fourth one u2. this is according to VH1 from behind the sceens [PAR] [PAR] U2 [PAR] [PAR] When they started they didnt have a name and werent very good. The drummer said to Bono \"I dunno bout you, but we suck\" and Bono replied as a joke with \"you too, huh?\" They liked you too huh but huh was just useless and U2 was a spy plane in WW 1 or 2 (Bonos uncle died in the war) [PAR] [PAR] The band picked U2 because it's the identification number given to Ireland on U.S. immigration forms. [PAR] [PAR] U2 [PAR] [PAR] It's named after the U-2 spy plane and they DID pick it off a list, just not with those other choices. Larry Mullen's father (It was either Larry Mullen or Adam Clayton; probably Larry Mullen) was a pilot so he knew about U-2 planes. It's in the U2 book. [PAR] [PAR] U2 [PAR] [PAR] The references to U2 getting their name from \"you too\" or an immigration form are complete hogwash. The band got their name from the American (NOT GERMAN) U-2 Spy plane. It was the spy plane USAF pilot Gary Powers was flying when he was shot down over the USSR in 1960. As an Irish immigrant to the USA, I can tell you that there is no special form given to Irish immigrants. All aliens fill out the same form and there is no U2 form. [PAR] [PAR] U2 [PAR] [PAR] I recently had this argument here in Peru, with one of the locals. He also reckons it comes from the \"bulls***\" plane. However, being from Ireland, I had to tell him the band name came from the name of their classroom in secondary school. All the classes were numbered 1 to 6 and lettered D-U-B-L-I-N. Hence, when the band first got together in second year of secondary school, their classroom was called U-2! And that is that, I dont want to hear any more waffle about planes and spies, stop looking so deep people. Im not even a big fan of U2 but I still know how the name came about! Its not a conspiracy theory either, it just is people! [PAR] [PAR] The U2 was an American spyplane, but lead singer Bono chose it because it \"sounded cool\" [PAR] [PAR] U2 [PAR] [PAR] Yes, the name is a reference to the breed of spyplane that started the Cold War when the last planned flight, by Gary Powers, was shot down and the US and USSR ended what was until then a cordial relationship. Blame Ike and the CIA. But don't miss what else the name means. It's U2, as in \"You, too, can make a difference\" or \"You, too, can change the world\". It's not just us in this fight, it's not just about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Creedence Clearwater Revival Ultimate Creedence Clearwater ... Creedence Clearwater Revival Ultimate Creedence Clearwater Revival Greatest Hits & All-Time Classics 3CD-Elusive Disc [PAR] Triple CD! Features All 20 Hit Singles! Includes 12 Live Tracks! [PAR] Ranked #82 - Rolling Stone 100 Greatest Artists! [PAR] Creedence Clearwater Revival (often known as just CCR) were a Californian band who were said to play a form of southern rock called 'swamp rock'. Led by John Fogerty, they had an incredible run of hits at their peak, scoring nine Top 10 hits between 1969 and 1971. [PAR] Creedence had begun life in 1959 as The Blue Velvets and then The Golliwogs, without much success. In 1967 they changed their name, and the following year released an eponymous album Creedence Clearwater Revival, which featured a No.11 hit in \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSuzie Q\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Follow-up Bayou Country went Top 10 and included the No.2 smash hit \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdProud Mary\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] Their third album Green River (1969) was widely praised and spun two hit singles, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBad Moon Rising\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdGreen River\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, both of which matched \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdProud Mary\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in reaching No.2. Willy and the Poor Boys was another hit with critics and fans, spawning two more No.5 singles. Their fifth album, Cosmo\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Factory (1970) topped the album charts and produced an incredible five Top.5 singles. There is much debate among fans and critics about which of these three albums is their best, with Cosmo\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Factory perhaps slightly edging it with most listeners. Their final two albums were the adventurous Pendulum (1970) and Mardi Gras (1972). [PAR] The Ultimate Creedence Clearwater Revival collection, featuring 52 timeless tracks on three compact discs! Discs 1 and 2 feature a mix of 40 hits and classics, including 13 top ten hits such as \"Bad Moon Rising,\" \"Down On The Corner,\" \"Looking Out My Back Door,\" \"Proud Mary,\" and more. Disc 3 features 12 incendiary live performances of CCR classics. An absolute must for CCR fans and all fans of classic rock music. [PAR] \"Thanks largely to John Fogerty's rough, inimitable voice and seemingly bottomless supply of great melodies, Creedence Clearwater Revival were the preeminent American singles band of the late Sixties and early Seventies....With the release of Bayou Country, Creedence became the most popular rock band in America...CCR's rough-hewn rockers often dealt with political and cultural issues, and the quartet appeared at the Woodstock Festival...Although Creedence's success continued after Cosmo's Factory, it was the group's artistic peak.\" - Rolling Stone [PAR] \"At a time when rock was evolving further and further away from the forces that had made the music possible in the first place, Creedence Clearwater Revival brought things back to their roots with their concise synthesis of rockabilly, swamp pop, R&B, and country. Though CCR was very much a group in their tight, punchy arrangements, their vision was very much singer, songwriter, guitarist, and leader John Fogerty's. Fogerty's classic compositions for Creedence both evoked enduring images of Americana and reflected burning social issues of the day. The band's genius was their ability to accomplish this with the economic, primal power of a classic rockabilly ensemble.\" - Richie Unterberger, allmusic.com [PAR] Features: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 52 Timeless CCR Hits and Classics [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd More Than 90 Minutes of Rock 'N' Roll Genius [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Incredible Songwriting, Singing & Guitar Playing Talents of Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame Legend John Fogerty [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Discs 1 & 2 include 40 Hits and Classics with 13 Top Ten hits [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Disc 3 includes 12 Live Performances of CCR Classics [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Exclusive Liner Notes by Grammy-Nominated Writer ALec Palao [PAR] Selections:[DOC] [TLE] Chronicle: The 20 Greatest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weathering Conditions in Your Home | North Carolina ... Weathering Conditions in Your Home | North Carolina Cooperative Extension [PAR] Weathering Conditions in Your Home [PAR] Weathering Conditions in Your Home [PAR] Weathering Conditions in Your Home [PAR] [PAR] by Deborah B. McGiffin, Extension Agent, Family and Consumer Science [PAR] North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Durham County Center [PAR] [PAR] This year has been the warmest year I can remember. Lately, I often find myself wondering if global warming has permanently affected our climate, or if La Nina is responsible for our recent weather patterns and eventually more historical temperatures will return. Regardless of what the weather is doing outside, most of us really want to be comfortable inside. A comfortable home should not feel like the outdoors. Well insulated homes will feel comfortable and will not fluctuate greatly in temperature no matter what the climatic or weather conditions are outside. If the inside of your home mirrors the weather, then perhaps you need more insulation, or need to find areas where gaps of insulation exist. [PAR] [PAR] Properly installed insulation is resistant to heat flow. Although insulation slows all types of heat flow-conduction, convection, and radiation-it greatest impact is on conduction. The effectiveness of insulation also depends on how and where it is installed, and how well the insulation resists heat. Different degrees of thermal heat resistance, known as the R-value, are needed in different locations of your home. The R-value of insulation depends on the type of material the insulation is made from, its thickness and density. However, the key to an effective insulation system is insulating the home with a continuous layer of insulation around the entire building envelope with no gaps or areas of compressed insulation. Studies show that improper installation can cut the heating and cooling performance and the comfortable level of a home by 30 percent or more. [PAR] [PAR] Finding out how much insulation you have and where takes some investigation. Older homes will probably have less insulation than newer homes built in the last decade. Start by checking in the places where insulation should typically be installed in homes. In each area, the type of insulation needs to be determined and its thickness. Areas that should be investigated include: [PAR] 1. In unfinished attic spaces, between and over the floor joists; the attic access door. [PAR] 2. In finished attic rooms with or without dormers, between studs of the \u201cknee\u201d walls; between the studs and rafters of exterior walls and roof; ceilings with cold spaces above; extended joist space beyond finished walls. [PAR] 3. All exterior walls including walls between living spaces and unheated garages, shed roofs, or other storage areas; foundation walls above ground level; foundation walls in heated basements, full wall either interior or exterior. [PAR] 4. Floors above cold spaces, such as vented crawl spaces and unheated garages; any portion of the floor in a room that is cantilevered beyond the exterior wall below; slab floors built directly on the ground; as an alternative to floor insulation, foundation walls on unvented crawl spaces; floor joists extended to wall. [PAR] 5. Band joists. [PAR] 6. Replacement or storm windows and caulk and seal around all windows and doors. [PAR] Begin accessing your home\u2019s insulation in the attic, then move to the walls and floors adjacent to unheated spaces such as a garage or basement. In theses areas, ceilings, joists, or wall framing boards are often exposed, so the insulation can be easy to access and the insulation depth or thickness can be measured readily. Or course it is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Osmonds \u2013 American Profile The Osmonds - American Profile [PAR] The Osmonds [PAR] American Icons, Celebrities, Featured Article, People [PAR] http://americanprofile.com/articles/the-osmonds-video/ [PAR] The Osmonds singing group during their heyday in 1971 [PAR] http://americanprofile.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/a-osmonds-1971-150x150.jpg [PAR] Launching into an emotional ballad about relationships that steady life\u2019s storms, the Osmond brothers harmonize effortlessly, blending their voices into a rich melody and showing their audience why music\u2014and life\u2014are better with family around. [PAR] As family photographs flash on a large screen behind a concert stage in Branson, Mo., Merrill, Jay and Jimmy sing a tribute to their siblings and late parents who have anchored the Osmonds\u2019 musical dynasty across 55 years. [PAR] \u201cFamily is where our strength lies,\u201d says Jimmy Osmond, 49, the youngest of the nine Osmond siblings, seven of whom have performed in show biz. \u201cWe\u2019re always better when we\u2019re together.\u201d [PAR] Together, the Osmonds have recorded more than 200 albums and sold 100 million-plus copies, earning 63 gold and platinum records. One of America\u2019s most enduring musical groups, the singers have performed continuously since 1957, though their lineup has changed through the years. [PAR] The last time all seven siblings were on stage together was in 2008, when the group held its 50th anniversary world tour and sold out arenas in the United Kingdom, Australia and Asia. The reunion proved that Osmond fans hadn\u2019t forgotten the frenzy that the heartthrobs caused during their heyday in the early 1970s. [PAR] \u201cDonny couldn\u2019t sell out arenas on his own [in 2008], Marie couldn\u2019t, and the brothers couldn\u2019t. But together, we could,\u201d Jimmy says. \u201cIt just shows that people have a craving for family.\u201d [PAR] Growing up Osmond [PAR] The Osmonds began singing as a quartet featuring Alan, Wayne, Merrill and Jay while growing up in Ogden, Utah, where the children learned vocal parts during car trips under the direction of their father, a former Army drill sergeant. [PAR] \u201cOur father had pretty good pitch, and so did our mother,\u201d recalls Merrill, 59, who discovered his tenor voice at age 3. [PAR] Recognizing the boys\u2019 knack for harmony, George and Olive Osmond recruited a singing coach to develop the quartet, which began performing to earn money to purchase hearing aids for their older hearing-impaired brothers, Virl and Tom. Eventually, the boys performed regularly at Disneyland and, in 1962, were invited to sing before a national television audience on \u201cThe Andy Williams Show.\u201d Thanks to enthusiastic viewer feedback, their \u201cone-time appearance\u201d stretched into seven seasons on Williams\u2019 show. [PAR] \u201cAndy couldn\u2019t use us unless we came up with something different every week,\u201d Merrill recalls, \u201cso we developed an incredible work ethic\u2014singing on ice skates one week, tap dancing the next, playing banjos another week. We learned that to be true entertainers, you have to adjust.\u201d [PAR] Younger brother Donny eventually joined them on stage to form a five-member group, and youngest siblings Marie and Jimmy also were introduced. Growing out of their toothy boyish grins into handsome young men, the brothers signed with record producer Mike Curb with the goal of becoming a rock \u2019n\u2019 roll band. [PAR] \u201cThey\u2019re the most gifted group I ever worked with, and they set the bar for what a boy band should sound like,\u201d says Curb, 68, who oversaw their new sound with \u201cOne Bad Apple,\u201d the group\u2019s first No. 1 hit, in 1971. [PAR] Curb was astounded by the brothers\u2019 musical talents\u2014from their ability to play 28 musical instruments to their intuitive vocals. \u201cIf I moved my hand up and down, they could follow along in five-part harmony,\u201d Curb says. \u201cMerrill Osmond became the best"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Australian Bands - Top Ten List - TheTopTens Best Australian Bands - Top Ten List - TheTopTens\u00ae [PAR] Best Australian Bands [PAR] The Top Ten [PAR] 1 AC/DC [PAR] AC/DC are a Australian hard rock band, formed in November 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young, who continued as members until Malcolm's illness and departure in 2014. They were fronted by Bon Scott until his untimely death due to alcohol poisoning in 1980, after which they hired Brian Johnson to ... read more . [PAR] AC/DC's 1980 album Back In Black currently stands at the #2 all-time highest selling albums... Ever. Being that the #1 spot is occupied by an American, I would say this is good enough reason to convince anyone AC/DC is Australia's #1 band... Oh, they are also in the record books as Australia's #1 export, never fallen into the \"where are they now\" category, never had an album that didn't produce two or 3 chart makers, let alone have never had an album go out of print that became impossible to find for a while. Not to mention, not many bands could compete with having created so many memorable and classic rock anthems and riffs. Even Deep Purple only have TWO of those, and most people don't even know Black Knight without hearing it. [PAR] Yep. They're number 1 ozzie band. And they are still going strong. [PAR] AC/DC are easily the best band to come out of Australia saw them live in Melbourne last february and there is nothing like it they are just simply amazing [PAR] Back in Black is second highest selling album of all time and they have so many classic songs have to be #1 [PAR] V 58 Comments [PAR] 2 INXS [PAR] INXS were an Australian rock band, formed as The Farriss Brothers in 1977 in Sydney, New South Wales. [PAR] I Highly agree... their music mix of POP/FUNK/R&B/ROCK genres reached the most tastes of all music lovers worldwide and MH had one of the top 5 Rock Vocal ranges ever... I love AC/DC but have to categorize them as Hard/Heavy Metal Rock. For all that, I would have to put INXS at # 1! [PAR] Great band especially I love their song never tear us apart the music and the drummer plays very well [PAR] I discovered INXS with the video of the song 'Need You Tonite' and never, ever stopped listening to them. Michael Hutchence was the best ever Rock singer to walk planet Earth. Great voice, sensuous - he had it all and and he left it all to soon. Every member of the band performs well. Their song 'Never Tear Us Apart' is one of the BEST rock ballads by a Rock Band. The band died with the death of Michael Hutchence. There never will be another! [PAR] With their brand of rock music, appealing to a huge range of fans, I think INXS are Australia's number 1 band, respect to ACDC, they've been around longer and had huge hits, but I wonder if Hutchence was still around whether they would seriously compete for Australia's number 1 band. [PAR] V 61 Comments [PAR] 3 Little River Band [PAR] Everybody's written about their songs, lyrics and muscianship... But for me they are well up there with CSNY and S&G as proponents of harmony singing. Simply flawless. [PAR] Nothing beats them.. My girlfriend is Aussie and she loves them as much as I do.. [PAR] I was in the army in the late 70s. I have only good memories of the hits the band had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What notable films has Samuel L. Jackson starred in ... What notable films has Samuel L. Jackson starred in? | Reference.com [PAR] What notable films has Samuel L. Jackson starred in? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] \"Pulp Fiction,\" \"Django Unchained,\" \"Snakes on a Plane\" and \"The Avengers\" are some notable films starring Samuel L. Jackson. Others include the \"Star Wars\" prequels and Marvel films such as \"Iron Man\" and \"Captain America: The Winter Soldier.\" [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Samuel L. Jackson is an American actor known for frequently playing hot-tempered and foul-mouthed characters. He first gained popularity in the late 1980s and early 90s when he appeared in the Spike Lee films \"Do the Right Thing,\" \"Mo' Better Blues\" and \"Jungle Fever.\" Shortly after he had small but notable roles in \"Goodfellas\" and \"Jurassic Park.\" Jackson received an Oscar nomination in 1994 for his performance as mob hit man Jules Winnfield in \"Pulp Fiction.\" After playing many antagonists, Jackson took on an action hero role in 1995 when he starred opposite Bruce Willis in \"Die Hard: With a Vengeance.\" [PAR] In 1999, Jackson found popular success starring as Jedi Mace Windu in \"Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace.\" Along with its two sequels, it is one of Jackson's highest-grossing films. His success in action movies continued throughout the 2000s, with roles in films such as \"XXX,\" \"S.W.A.T.\" and \"Jumper.\" He has also contributed voice work to animated films such as \"The Incredibles,\" \"Astro Boy\" and \"Turbo.\" As of 2015, Jackson has starred in more than 100 movies.[DOC] [TLE] Pulp Fiction Samuel L. Jackson Funny Blooper ... - YouTube Pulp Fiction Samuel L. Jackson Funny Blooper Snakes On A Plane - YouTube [PAR] Pulp Fiction Samuel L. Jackson Funny Blooper Snakes On A Plane [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 12, 2009 [PAR] Samuel L. Jackson interview with http://www.ExploreTalent.com Funny interview with Sam Jackson. Samuel Jackson has appeared in many films including Pulp Fiction, Iron Man, Snakes On A Plane, Mace Windu in Star Wars Revenge Of The Sith and Star Wars Attack of The Clones, and will be in the upcoming Iron Man 2. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stonewall Jackson - American Civil War - HISTORY.com Stonewall Jackson - American Civil War - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Stonewall Jackson\u2019s Early Years [PAR] Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born on January 21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Virginia (now West Virginia ). When Jackson was two years old, his six-year-old sister died of typhoid fever. His father, Jonathan Jackson (1790-1826), an attorney, perished of the same disease a short time later, leaving his wife, Julia Neale Jackson (1798-1831), with three children and considerable debt. After Julia Jackson remarried in 1830, to a man who reportedly disliked his stepchildren, Thomas Jackson and his siblings were sent to live with various relatives. The future Civil War hero was raised by an uncle in the town of Jackson\u2019s Mill, located in present-day West Virginia. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1954, Stonewall Jackson's home in Lexington, Virginia\u2014the only home he ever owned\u2014was turned into a museum and historic site. Jackson lived in the home, which is filled with period furniture and some of his personal possessions, during the decade he taught at the Virginia Military Institute. [PAR] In 1842, Jackson enrolled at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Older than many of the other students, he initially struggled with the curriculum and endured frequent ridicule for his modest background and relatively poor education. However, Jackson worked hard and eventually met with academic success, graduating in 1846. [PAR] Jackson left West Point just as the Mexican War was starting and he was sent to Mexico as a lieutenant with the 1st U.S. Artillery. He quickly earned a reputation for toughness and bravery, and by the war\u2019s end in 1848 he held the rank of brevet major. Jackson continued his military service until he accepted a professorship at the Virginia Military Institute in 1851. [PAR] Stonewall Jackson\u2019s Civilian Life [PAR] Jackson spent 10 years as a professor of artillery tactics and natural philosophy (similar to modern-day physics) at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington. He was better at teaching artillery than natural philosophy, and was disliked by some cadets for his brusqueness, lack of sympathy and eccentric behavior. Students mocked him for his hypochondria and his habit of keeping one arm elevated to hide a perceived discrepancy in the length of his limbs. [PAR] In 1853, Jackson married Elinor Junkin (1825-54), the daughter of a Presbyterian minister who was the president of Washington College. She died in childbirth 14 months later; in 1857, Jackson married Mary Anna Morrison (1831-1915), the daughter of a former president of Davidson College. The following year, the couple had a daughter; however, the child lived for only a month. Jackson\u2019s one surviving daughter, Julia Laura (1862-89), was born less than a year before her father\u2019s death. [PAR] Jackson\u2019s final years in the Lexington community earned him a reputation as an honest and dutiful man of devout faith. He did not drink, gamble or smoke. When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, Jackson accepted a commission as a colonel in the Confederate army and went off to war, never to return to Lexington alive. [PAR] Jackson Earns His Name [PAR] During the first wave of secession from December 1860 through February 1861, during which time seven Southern states declared their independence from the U.S., Jackson hope that his home state of Virginia would remain in the Union. However, when Virginia seceded in April 1861, he supported the Confederacy, showing his loyalty to his state over the federal government. [PAR] Jackson served only briefly as a colonel before receiving a promotion to brigadier general under General Joseph E. Johnston (1807-91)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joe Jackson-Is she really going out with him ? - YouTube Joe Jackson-Is she really going out with him ? - YouTube [PAR] Joe Jackson-Is she really going out with him ? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Apr 10, 2008 [PAR] a 2003 performance on Later [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] Play now [PAR] Mix - Joe Jackson-Is she really going out with him ?YouTube [PAR] Joe Jackson - Breaking Us In Two - Duration: 4:35. JoeJacksonVEVO 1,251,651 views [PAR] 4:35 [PAR] Joe Jackson - Is She Really Going Out With Him? (Live, The Regal Theatre, Hitchin, 1983) - Duration: 4:21. DavidChrisMartyn 121,444 views [PAR] 4:21"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jackson Pollock' Biography Jackson Pollock' Biography [PAR] of Jackson Pollock [PAR] Biography of Jackson Pollock [PAR] Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 - August 11, 1956), was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. During his lifetime, Pollock enjoyed considerable fame and notoriety. He was regarded as a mostly reclusive artist. He had a volatile personality, and struggled with alcoholism for most of his life . In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy. Pollock died at the age of 44 in an alcohol-related car accident. In December 1956, he was given a memorial retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, and a larger more comprehensive exhibition there in 1967. More recently, in 1998 and 1999, his work was honored with large-scale retrospective exhibitions at MoMA and at The Tate in London. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912, the youngest of five sons. His parents, Stella May McClure and Leroy Pollock, grew up in Tingley, Iowa. His father had been born McCoy but took the surname of his neighbors, who adopted him after his own parents had died within a year of each other. Stella and LeRoy Pollock were Presbyterian; the former, Irish; the latter, Scotch-Irish. LeRoy Pollock was a farmer and later a land surveyor for the government. Jackson grew up in Arizona and Chico, California. [PAR] While living in Echo Park, California, he enrolled at Los Angeles' Manual Arts High School, from which he was expelled, after having been expelled another high school in 1928. During his early life, he experienced Native American culture while on surveying trips with his father. In 1930, following his brother Charles Pollock, he moved to New York City where they both studied under Thomas Hart Benton at the Art Students League of New York. Benton's rural American subject matter shaped Pollock's work only fleetingly, but his rhythmic use of paint and his fierce independence were more lasting influences. From 1938 to 1942, Pollock worked for the WPA Federal Art Project. [PAR] In attempts to fight his alcoholism, from 1938 through 1941 Pollock underwent Jungian psychotherapy with Dr. Joseph Henderson and later with Dr. Violet Staub de Laszlo in 1941-1942. Dr. Henderson was an eclectic who drew upon the spectrum of psychoanalytic theory, including Freud and Jung. Henderson made the decision to engage him through his art and had Pollock make drawings, which led to the appearance of many Jungian concepts in his paintings. Recently it has been hypothesized that Pollock might have had bipolar disorder. [PAR] The Springs period and the unique technique [PAR] In October 1945 Pollock married American painter Lee Krasner, and in November they moved to what is now known as the Pollock-Krasner House and Studio, at 830 Springs Fireplace Road, in Springs on Long Island, NY. Peggy Guggenheim lent them the down payment for the wood-frame house with a nearby barn that Pollock converted into a studio. There he perfected the technique of working with paint with which he became permanently identified. [PAR] Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936 at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques on canvases of the early 1940s, such as \"Male and Female\" and \"Composition with Pouring I.\" After his move to Springs, he began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and he developed what"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colin Jackson - Though retired from top athletics Colin ... Performing Artistes [PAR] Colin Jackson was born on 18 February 1967 in Cardiff. [PAR] Colin Jackson was a top-class hurdler who won every major title except Olympic gold. [PAR] In spite of retiring in 2003, Colin Jackson still holds the world record for the indoor 60m hurdles, He held the outdoor 110m hurdles (12.91 seconds set in the final of the 1993 World Championships) until it was finally bettered by Liu Xiang in 2006. [PAR] Colin Jackson won an extraordinary 44 consecutive hurdles victories between August 1993 and February 1995 and, in 2002, he became the European champion for the fourth successive time (in indoor 60m hurdles). [PAR] Colin Jackson is often to be seen as a sports commentator or pundit for the BBC, frequently in tandem with Michael Johnson, who claimed that Jackson was one of athletics' all-time greats, saying: \"The fact that he has not won Olympic gold does not detract one bit from his achievements.\" [PAR] In 1989 Colin Jackson was awarded an MBE - upgraded to a CBE in 2003. [PAR] Colin Jackson partnered Erin Boag in Strictly Come Dancing series 3. [PAR] Colin Jackson's dancing in the first show drew plaudits - not least from former Strictly Come Dancing winner, Jill Halfpenny, who said that she was 'very impressed with Colin's hips'! In the end Colin and Erin ended up second in Strictly Come Dancing. [PAR] In March 2006, Colin Jackson was appointed President of the BBU, the governing body of British Biathlon. [PAR] In February 2007, Colin Jackson caused a stir on the BBC programme, The Truth About Food. As an experiment he gave up meat for a month, but he did not recommend it, saying: [PAR] \"I definitely think vegetarians are weaker ... they should have some type of meat whether it's fish or actual meat. Human beings are omnivores.\" [PAR] Colin Jackson's comments did not go down well with the Vegetarian Society. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \"Colin, a huge thank you for being such a superb host for our National Training Award events. You hit just the right note, made the winners feel special and brought your own personal energy and enthusiasm to all the events. We were also delighted that your own skills development journey mirrored our aims and objectives so well. Thank you\" National Training & UK Skills Awards [PAR] [PAR] \"Colin was absolutely fantastic and both the clients & attendees loved him. I would defiantly recommend him to others\" IMS Health [PAR] [PAR] \"Colin Jackson was engaged to speak on behalf of Invest NI at three different business events as part of a week long initiative targeting entrepreneurs. His engaging account of the highs and lows of an international athletics career had the audience at each event hanging on his every word. Colin does not just deliver an inspirational story, his interaction with the audience following his talk was superb\" Invest NI [PAR] In spite of retiring in 2003, Colin Jackson still holds the world record for the indoor 60m hurdles, He held the outdoor 110m hurdles (12.91 seconds set in the final of the 1993 World Championships) until it was finally bettered by Liu Xiang in 2006.[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Athletics | Jackson praise for successor Liu BBC SPORT | Athletics | Jackson praise for successor Liu [PAR] Jackson praise for successor Liu [PAR] Jackson's 110m hurdles world record had stood for 13 years [PAR] Colin Jackson congratulated Liu Xiang after the Chinese broke his 13-year world record in the men's 110m hurdles. [PAR] Liu jointly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angelic Heaven - Actor Bios - Kate Jackson - Charlie's Angels Angelic Heaven - Actor Bios - Kate Jackson [PAR] [PAR] Kate Jackson aka Sabrina Duncan [PAR] After getting bitten by the acting bug, Kate moved to New York City from her home town of Birmingham, Alabama. While in New York, she enrolled into the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Kate's big break came when she played a \"ghost\" in the daytime drama, Dark Shadows. After three months on Dark Shadows she had guest roles in TV's Bonanza and a semi-regular on NBC's short-lived series The Jimmy Stewart Show. Then she hit the big time with a role on the crime show, The Rookies. Kate played nurse Jill Danko for producers Aaron Spelling and Leonard Goldberg. The producers decided after The Rookies ended that she was strong enough for her own series. The producers and Kate created the skeleton shell for a series called Charlie's Angels. Kate was to become known around the world as Sabrina Ducan, the \"smart\" Angel. After a very successful three-year run, Kate decided to leave the series after the producers did not allow her out of her \"Angel\" contact to film Kramer vs. Kramer. After Charlie's Angels,, Kate tried her hand at comedy in the television remake of Topper (starring with first husband Andrew Stevens) and hit the big screen with the cutting edge film Making Love, about a man and his struggle with homosexuality. As her film career was blossoming, Kate was offered a new series for television called Scarecrow and Mrs. King. She fell in love with the character of Mrs. King (a mother of two boys who worked as a Secret Agent) and took on the series. Scarecrow became an huge hit. After four years, Scarecrow left the air, and Kate again returned to television in Baby Boom, which was based on the hit film. The series did not have the same pull as the film and quickly ended. [PAR] The hardest role Kate had to play was her personal battle with breast cancer in 1987 and in 1989. She shared her experience with the world to show other women the importance of mammograms and cancer prevention. In September 1995, Kate was given her greatest challenge, the adoption of her first child, Charles Taylor Jackson. She has said being a mother is her greatest role. Kate has settled into motherhood and has found herself once again in front of the camera. In 1996 she was seen in The Family Channel's Panic in the Skies, ABC's Gail Sheehy's New Passages, and in 1997 CBS's film What Happened to Bobby Earl? Angelic Heaven will keep you updated with the latest in Kate's career! [PAR] Series: [PAR] The Jimmy Stewart Show (1971-72) [PAR] The Rookies (1972-1976) [PAR] Scarecrow and Mrs. King (1983-1987) [PAR] Baby Boom (1988-1989) [PAR] Cold Heart of a Killer [PAR] Cycling Through China [PAR] Justice in a Small Town [PAR] A Kidnapping in the Family [PAR] Killer Bees [PAR] Satan\ufffds School for Girls (1973) [PAR] Satan's School for Girls (2000) [PAR] Silence of Adultery [PAR] What Happened to Bobby Earl? [PAR] Topper [PAR] Arly Hanks Mysteries \"Series Pilot\" [PAR] Bonanza \"One Ance Too Many\" [PAR] Boys of Twilight \"Shadow of a Shadow\" [PAR] The Captain and Tennille [PAR] Dead Man's Gun \"Death Warrant\" [PAR] Gail Sheehy's New Passages [PAR] James at 15 \"Series Pilot\" [PAR] Just 5 [commercials] [PAR] Mad, Mad World of the Superbowl [PAR] Magical World of the Superbowl [PAR] Movin' On \"Series Pilot\" [PAR] The San Pedro Beach Bums \"Angels and the Bums\" [PAR] Saturday Night Live"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lent is a 40 day period of fasting and discernment leading ... What is Lent? [PAR] When is the observance of Lent? [PAR] For those in the Christian faith, the Season of Lent is typically considered to be the 40 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday , and is often characterized by abstention from certain kinds of food or activities. The period is most commonly thought of as a symbol of the 40 days and nights Jesus spent struggling with the devil in the wilderness. While sometimes regarded as a predominantly Roman Catholic observance, for Christians of all denominations it is a time of preparation and self-sacrifice through fasting, giving up worldly desires and activities. [PAR] The History of Lent [PAR] The practice of Lent likely has its origins in practical reasons. In agricultural societies (as most Christian cultures were, in the fourth and fifth centuries, when Lent is first mentioned in historical context), winter crops were often scarce. Correspondingly, a period of fasting may have been a spiritual response to a physical need. The excesses and revels of Shrove Tuesday (also known as Mardi Gras), the day before Ash Wednesday, were, in all likelihood, a response to the same phenomenon, as people wanted to consume perishable goods (like meats, eggs, dairy products, and sweets) before they spoiled. [PAR] As the practice of Lent evolved, it began to take on the added significance of a preparation of new church members for the baptism of Easter Sunday. In the spirit of Christianity as a community of living faith, this period of fasting and preparation was eventually embraced by all Church members. Additionally, Lent was once referred to as quadragesima, which is Latin for the fortieth day before Easter. The word \"Lent\" itself is thought to come from a Germanic root, lenct, which initially meant \"spring\" and, later, \"fast.\" [PAR] Why 40 Days? [PAR] Lent's duration is actually 46 days. However, as Sundays represent Christ's resurrection, they are not commonly counted in the tally between Ash Wednesday and the Easter vigil. The primary meaning of the fast is considered to be a way of identifying with the suffering of Jesus as recorded in the Gospels, and of acknowledging his substitutionary death for the sins of mankind. The meaning of the season is further enriched by other biblical occurrences of the number 40 -- Moses and Elias spent 40days in the wilderness, in a similar manner to Christ, the Jewish people wandered for 40 years, as recorded in Exodus, and Jesus spent 40hours in the tomb, prior to his resurrection. [PAR] Colors and Decorations of Lent [PAR] For the Lenten season, purple, red and dark violet are often the favored colors, symbolizing the pain of Christ's crucifixion. Gray, the color of ashes, is often used for Ash Wednesday, and this practice is sometimes extended throughout the entire fast. Furthermore, some churches avoid flowers during the season, reintroducing them at Easter (often to great psychological effect) with a flowering cross. Other congregations choose to use a roughly-hewn wooden cross as a focal point throughout the season, symbolizing of Christ's pain and martyrdom. [PAR] For Christians of all colors, Lent continues to symbolize the self-sacrifice of Jesus Christ. The period of fasting from certain foods, drinks and activities serves as a reminder of the sorrow and joy of the Resurrection and the truly loving and compassionate spirit of the Christian faith. [PAR] Our Product Ambassadors are ready to introduce you to our full product offering [PAR] 888-317-4018[DOC] [TLE] Lent | Article about Lent by The Free Dictionary Lent | Article about Lent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spring Equinox \u2013 Vernal Equinox, Southern & Northern Spring Equinox \u2013 Vernal Equinox, Southern & Northern [PAR] Home Sun & Moon Vernal Equinox [PAR] Spring Equinox \u2013 Vernal Equinox [PAR] The Vernal (Spring) Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere is the Autumnal (Fall) Equinox in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. [PAR] Equinoxes and solstices happen twice a year. [PAR] Equinoxes and Solstices are opposite on either side of the equator. (Ill. not to scale) [PAR] Not Entirely Equal Day & Night [PAR] On the equinoxes the Sun shines directly on the equator and the length of day and night is nearly equal \u2013 but not quite. [PAR] The March equinox marks the moment the Sun crosses the celestial equator \u2013 the imaginary line in the sky above the Earth\u2019s equator \u2013 from south to north and vice versa in September."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All Saints Day/All Hallows Day - Time and Date AS All Saints' Day [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays All Saints' Day [PAR] All Saints' Day [PAR] All Saints' Day is a celebration of all Christian saints, particularly those who have no special feast days of their own, in many Roman Catholic, Anglican and Protestant churches. In many western churches it is annually held November 1 and in many eastern churches it is celebrated on the first Sunday after Pentecost. It is also known as All Hallows Tide, All-Hallomas, or All Hallows' Day. [PAR] Wheat is one of the symbols of All Saints' Day. [PAR] Wheat is one of the symbols of All Saints' Day. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Willie B. Thomas [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] All Saints' Day is observed by Christians in many countries around the world. In countries such as Spain, Portugal and Mexico, offerings are made on this day. In countries such as Belgium, Hungary and Italy people bring flowers to the graves of dead relatives. In other parts of Europe, such as Austria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania, it is customary to light candles on top of visiting graves of deceased relatives. It is also observed in parts of Asia, such as the Philippines, where people visit graves of deceased relatives and clean or repair them. They also lay flowers on the graves and light candles. [PAR] In France church services in memory of all the saints are held on November 1 but by the evening the focus turns towards the dead. Cemeteries everywhere are crowded with people who come to clean and decorate family graves. All Saints' Day is closely tied with All Souls' Day, held on November 2, which is dedicated to prayers of the dead who are not yet glorified. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] All Saints\u2019 Day is a public holiday in many countries such as (but not exclusive to): [PAR] Austria."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] May 1st, Labor Day and May Day in France - PocketCultures May 1st, Labor Day and May Lily Day in France | PocketCultures [PAR] deebee May 1, 2012 5 comments celebrations , flowers , France , Labor Day , lily of the valley , May , May Lily Day [PAR] May 1st (May Day) is known worldwide as Labor Day, but in France it is also May Day - F\u00eate du Muguet (Lily of the Valley) when the French greet each other with a sprig (or a small bouquet) of lily of the valley, a flower that is considered a lucky charm. [PAR] The tradition dates back to the beginning of the century when unemployed people (the unemployment benefits did not exist and people had to finding ways of making ends meet) went into the woods that were still found in the big cities \u2018suburbs to pick lilies of the valley. [PAR] Lily of the valley, Double-flowered Convallaria majalis [PAR] The lily of the valley is in full bloom in late April early May, and is one of those wild plants that spread very quickly, invading clearings and edges of wood! It grows everywhere and is almost considered as a weed. People just needed the patience of picking it and composing small bouquets that they tied with a ribbon. [PAR] They sold them in the markets as women once loved to decorate their blouses with a sprig of lily of the valley, a custom that was a remainder of the old pagan tradition when people were celebrating spring by adorning themselves with flowers! [PAR] Many provinces have retained a version of this ancient tradition by decorating a pole (May Pole) with flowers. This is reminiscent of the tradition of planting a flowering tree outside the door of the girls to marry off, then followed the huge feast when they widely celebrated spring, nature and love. [PAR] Lily of the valley, Convallaria majalis [PAR] In the language of flowers, the lily of the valley symbolizes \u201cmarital happiness\u201d. It was therefore natural to link it to dating and popular dances known as \u201cBals du Muguet\u201d were organized every year so that singles could meet their soul mate. The girls dressed in white and young men wore a sprig of lily on their lapel, and parents and chaperones were banned from attending! [PAR] Pink lily of the valley [PAR] The lily of the valley has been cultivated in Europe since the Middle Ages but it is said to originate from Japan where it is considered a symbol of spring. Some sources, however, attest that the Celts knew the flower and that they already considered it as a lucky charm. [PAR] The French tradition of giving a sprig of lily of the valley as a good luck charm on May 1st dates from May 1, 1561 when King Charles IX receives a sprig. [PAR] May 1st Labor Day [PAR] May 1st is widely known as the international Labor Day when all trade unions parade in the major cities. [PAR] Labor Day New York 1882 [PAR] The origins of Labor Day is quite different from that of the F\u00eate du Muguet, and go back to May 1, 1886 in Chicago when Americans unions launched a strike movement to obtain the 8-hour working day. The movement lasted until May 4 and paralyzed many factories. The major riots that ensued ended by a dozen dead, including seven policemen. Five anarchists were later sentenced to death. [PAR] The 2nd Congress of the Socialist International held in Paris on June 20, 1890 decided to make May 1st"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. George's Day in United Kingdom - timeanddate.com St. George's Day in United Kingdom [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays United Kingdom St. George's Day [PAR] St. George's Day in United Kingdom [PAR] St George's Day in England remembers St George, England's patron saint. The anniversary of his death, which is on April 23, is seen as England's national day. According to legend, he was a soldier in the Roman army who killed a dragon and saved a princess. [PAR] According to legend, St George slayed a dragon. Many Christians observe St George's Day in the UK, although it is not a public holiday. [PAR] According to legend, St George slayed a dragon. Many Christians observe St George's Day in the UK, although it is not a public holiday. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/bogdb [PAR] Celebrate St George's Day [PAR] St George's Day used to be a national holiday in England. It is now an observance that is celebrated with parades, dancing and other activities. Flags with the image of St George's cross are flown on some buildings, especially pubs, and a few people wear a red rose on their lapel. Church services on the Sunday closest to April 23 often include the hymn 'Jerusalem', written by the poet William Blake. The words describe a supposed visit to Glastonbury, England, by Jesus Christ during his youth. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] April 23 is not a public holiday. Schools, stores, post offices, businesses and other organizations are open as usual. Public transport services run to their usual timetables. [PAR] About St George's Day [PAR] St George was born sometime around the year 280 in what is now Turkey. He was a soldier and rose up through the ranks of the Roman army, eventually becoming a personal guard to the Emperor Diocletian. He was executed for being a Christian on April 23, 303, and is buried in the town of Lod in Israel. [PAR] St George is most widely known for slaying a dragon. According to legend, the only well in the town of Silene was guarded by a dragon. In order to get water, the inhabitants of the town had to offer a human sacrifice every day to the dragon. The person to be sacrificed was chosen by lots. On the day that St George was visiting, a princess had been selected to be sacrificed. However, he killed the dragon, saved the princess and gave the people of Silene access to water. In gratitude, they converted to Christianity. It is thought that the dragon represents a certain type of pagan belief that included the sacrifice of human beings. [PAR] St George's Day was once celebrated as widely as Christmas. But the celebrations waned by the end of the 18th century after England had united with Scotland on May 1, 1707. In recent times, there has been a push, involving campaigns and petitions, to make the day a public holiday in England. [PAR] St George is the patron saint of a number of other places, such as Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Portugal and Russia. He is also remembered in some regional holidays, such as in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada and among the Gorani people who live in a mountainous area in the Balkans and were converted to Islam many centuries ago, but still observe St George's Day. Around the world, a number of days are devoted to St George, including April 23 and dates in November and December of the Gregorian calendar. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] The most widely recognized symbol of St George's Day is St George's cross. This is a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonfire Night 2015: Why do we celebrate tonight and who ... Bonfire night 2016: Who was Guy Fawkes and where can you see the best firework displays? [PAR] Bonfire night 2016: Who was Guy Fawkes and where can you see the best firework displays? [PAR] Watch | Things you might not know about fireworks [PAR] 01:06 [PAR] Keely Lockhart [PAR] 6 November 2016 \u2022 2:14pm [PAR] November 5 is the day when Britons everywhere set fire to things and let things off. But why? [PAR] What is bonfire night? [PAR] November 5 - which this year falls on a Saturday - commemorates the failure of the November 1605 Gunpowder Plot by a gang of Roman Catholic activists led by Warwickshire-born Robert Catesby. [PAR] When Protestant King James I acceded to the throne, English Catholics had hoped that the persecution they had felt for over 45 years under Queen Elizabeth I would finally end, and they would be granted the freedom to practice their religion. [PAR] When this didn't transpire, a group of conspirators resolved to assassinate the King and his ministers by blowing up the Palace of Westminster during the state opening of Parliament. [PAR] The arrest of Guy Fawkes in the cellars of Parliament pictured in a wood engraving. Credit: Universal History Archive/Un/REX [PAR] Guy (Guido) Fawkes, from York, and his fellow conspirators , having rented out a house close to the Houses of Parliament, managed to smuggle 36 barrels of gunpowder into a cellar of the House of Lords - enough to completely destroy the building. [PAR] (Physicists from the Institute of Physics later calculated that the 2,500kg of gunpowder beneath Parliament would have obliterated an area 500 metres from the centre of the explosion). [PAR] The scheme began to unravel when an anonymous letter was sent to William Parker, the 4th Baron Monteagle, warning him to avoid the House of Lords. [PAR] Guy Fawkes tried and failed to blow up Parliament in the Gunpowder Plot [PAR] The letter (which could well have been sent by Lord Monteagle's brother-in-law Francis Tresham), was made public and this led to a search of Westminster Palace in the early hours of November 5. [PAR] Explosive expert Fawkes, who had been left in the cellars to set off the fuse, was caught when a group of guards discovered him at the last moment. [PAR] Fawkes was arrested, sent to the Tower of London and tortured until he gave up the names of his fellow plotters. [PAR] Lord Monteagle was rewarded with \u00a3500 plus \u00a3200 worth of lands for his service in protecting the crown. [PAR] 7 things you never knew about Guy Fawkes [PAR] Who were the Gunpowder Plot conspirators? [PAR] Guy Fawkes , Thomas Bates, Robert and Thomas Wintour, Thomas Percy, Christopher and John Wright, Francis Tresham, Everard Digby, Ambrose Rookwood, Robert Keyes, Hugh Owen, John Grant and the man who organised the whole plot - Robert Catesby. [PAR] The conspirators were all either killed resisting capture or - like Fawkes - tried, convicted, and executed. [PAR] The traditional death for traitors in 17th-century England was to be hanged, drawn and quartered in public. But this proved not to be the 35-year-old Fawkes's fate. [PAR] As he awaited his punishment on the gallows, Fawkes leapt off the platform to avoid having his testicles cut off, his stomach opened and his guts spilled out before his eyes. [PAR] Mercifully for him, he died from a broken neck but his body was subsequently quartered, and his remains were sent to \"the four corners of the kingdom\" as a warning to others."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of public holidays in Wales : Wikis (The Full Wiki) List of public holidays in Wales : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] (Redirected to Public holidays in the United Kingdom article) [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] These are the public holidays observed in the countries of the United Kingdom . Workers in the United Kingdom are not automatically entitled to time off on a public holiday. Time off can be provided for in an employment agreement or by expending annual leave. [1] [PAR] British people tend to call their public holidays bank holidays . When an anniversary day that is usually a bank holiday falls on a weekend , the date of the bank holiday is postponed and declared for a following weekday . This new date is termed a 'bank holiday in lieu ' of the actual anniversary day. In this way, public holidays are not 'lost' on years when they coincide with weekends (which will already be a day off for many people). [PAR] Increasingly, there are calls for public holidays on the patron saints' days in England , Scotland and Wales ( Northern Ireland already has St Patrick's Day as a holiday). An online petition sent to the Prime Minister received 11,000 signatures for a public holiday in Wales on St. David's Day ; the Scottish Parliament has passed a bill creating a public holiday on St. Andrew's Day although it must be taken in lieu of another public holiday [2] ; campaigners in England are calling for a bank holiday on St. George's Day . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Early May Day Bank Holiday - first Monday in May [PAR] Spring Bank Holiday - last Monday in May [PAR] Summer Bank Holiday - last Monday in August"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tess of the D'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy \u2014 Reviews ... Tess of the D'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy \u2014 Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists [PAR] Sep 07, 2012 Stephen rated it it was amazing [PAR] HEADLINE: A bad guy who is fabulously talented in bed and a good guy who fumbles sex can complicate life for a girl. [PAR] I ought to have my head examined for undertaking a review of Tess of the d'Ubervilles, the next to the last of Thomas Hardy's novels. My purpose in considering the idea was that I might perhaps persuade one other person to read this novel who might not otherwise. I am all about service to my fellow man. However, there are strange aspects of this novel that when discussed in remove HEADLINE: A bad guy who is fabulously talented in bed and a good guy who fumbles sex can complicate life for a girl. [PAR] I ought to have my head examined for undertaking a review of Tess of the d'Ubervilles, the next to the last of Thomas Hardy's novels. My purpose in considering the idea was that I might perhaps persuade one other person to read this novel who might not otherwise. I am all about service to my fellow man. However, there are strange aspects of this novel that when discussed in remove from the novel itself can make it sound off-putting. I will mention a few of those without emphasizing them. They involve weird twists in the plot handed us through the vehicle of some strange scenes. On the other hand I do not wish simply to offer diamond-like passages from this novel, although that is tempting. But let us take a shot here. [PAR] Tess is the eldest daughter in a poor family in 19th century England. The novel follows events in her life from the time she is sixteen until she is approximately 21, let us say. There are a multitude of detailed plot outlines of this novel to be found elsewhere on line. The only valuable supplement to those that I can offer is to say bluntly what those plot outlines say in such a roundabout way that it loses impact or can be missed entirely. Tess is one hot looking sixteen-year-old female human being. [PAR] It is out of the fact that Tess is one hot looking sixteen-year-old that all the action of this novel arises. At the time of her first seduction, or rape, she is described as one who has a \"coarse pattern\" laid over her \"beautiful feminine tissue.\" So in picturing her, we must picture her as something much more than simply a pretty young girl, although she is certainly that. She is a pretty young girl with that look about her that drives men wild\u2014that look about her being something rarely encountered in a girl so young. [PAR] Some part of that look about her derives from her unity with nature\u2014or should we say \u201cNature\u201d with a capital \u201cN\u201d since we are after all talking about a Thomas Hardy novel? I would rather put it this way. She is earthy. When Hardy writes about her when she is in relatively unspoiled natural surroundings, it is apparent that she herself is very much at home in and a natural part of those surroundings. [PAR] Hardy places our hot looking sixteen-year-old girl in an environment with some problems. It is an environment wherein the Victorian morals of society are so completely at odds with the nature of men and women generally, and particularly in the realm of sex. [PAR] Second, she inhabits a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angel (TV Series 1999\u20132004) - IMDb Angel (TV Series 1999\u20132004) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The vampire Angel, cursed with a soul, moves to Los Angeles and aids people with supernatural-related problems while questing for his own redemption. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] In the series finale, Angel reveals that his questionable moral behavior has been part of a bigger plan: to destroy The Circle of the Black Thorn and show the Senior Partners that the power of good ... [PAR] 9.6 [PAR] Cordelia awakens from her magically induced coma and returns to help Angel fight an old enemy who has reappeared even more powerful than ever. [PAR] 9.5 [PAR] When an ancient sarcophagus arrives in the laboratory at Wolfram & Hart, Fred opens a small compartment and is infected by an ancient disease that slowly begins to kill her. As Angel and Spike travel... [PAR] 9.4 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 21 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 02 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 23 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 06 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 16 Jan 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Angel \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 12 wins & 46 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A young woman is forced to fulfill her destiny of fighting vampires and demons with the help of her friends all the while struggling to live a normal teenage life of heart break and drama. [PAR] Stars: Sarah Michelle Gellar, Nicholas Brendon, Alyson Hannigan [PAR] Three sisters discover their destiny - to battle against the forces of evil, using their witchcraft. They are the Charmed Ones. [PAR] Stars: Holly Marie Combs, Alyssa Milano, Brian Krause [PAR] A futuristic laboratory assigns different tasks to its various residents, who then have their memories erased upon the completion of their assignments. [PAR] Stars: Eliza Dushku, Harry Lennix, Fran Kranz [PAR] A group of genetically-enhanced children escape from a lab project. Years later we meet Max, one of the escapees who now works for a messenger service in the post-apocalyptic Pacific Northwest. [PAR] Stars: Jessica Alba, Michael Weatherly, Richard Gunn [PAR] Xena, a mighty Warrior Princess with a dark past, sets out to redeem herself. She is joined by small town bard, Gabrielle. Together they journey the ancient world and fight for the greater good against ruthless Warlords and Gods. [PAR] Stars: Lucy Lawless, Ren\u00e9e O'Connor, Ted Raimi [PAR] The lives of three young alien/human hybrids with extraordinary gifts in Roswell. [PAR] Stars: Shiri Appleby, Jason Behr, Katherine Heigl [PAR] Common people discover that they have super powers. Their lives intertwine as a devastating event must be prevented. [PAR] Stars: Jack Coleman, Hayden Panettiere, Milo Ventimiglia [PAR] A university graduate working in the city morgue is able to repeat the same day over again to prevent murders or other disasters. [PAR] Stars: Eliza Dushku, Shawn Reaves, Zach Galifianakis [PAR] A young Clark Kent struggles to find his place in the world as he learns to harness his alien powers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Escalator - Wikidwelling - Wikia Escalator | Wikidwelling | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores , shopping malls , airports , transit systems , convention centers , hotels , and public buildings. [PAR] The benefits of escalators are many. They have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be placed in the same physical space as one might install a staircase. They have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic), they can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits, and they may be weatherproofed for outdoor use. [PAR] In 2004, it was estimated that the United States had 30,000 escalators, and that people used escalators 90 billion times each year. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Escalators, like moving walkways , are powered by constant-speed alternating current motors and move at approximately 1\u20132 feet (0.30\u20130.61 m) per second. The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator to the horizontal floor level is 30 degrees with a standard rise up to about 60 feet (18 m). Modern escalators have single piece aluminum or steel steps that move on a system of tracks in a continuous loop. [PAR] \"Crisscross\" layout [PAR] \"Multiple parallel\" layout [PAR] \"Parallel\" layout [PAR] Escalators have three typical configuration options: parallel (up and down escalators \"side by side or separated by a distance\", seen often in metro stations and multilevel motion picture theatres), crisscross (minimizes structural space requirements by \"stacking\" escalators that go in one direction, frequently used in department stores or shopping centers), and multiple parallel (two or more escalators together that travel in one direction next to one or two escalators in the same bank that travel in the other direction). [2] [PAR] Escalators are required to have moving handrails that keep pace with the movement of the steps. The direction of movement (up or down) can be permanently the same, or be controlled by personnel according to the time of day, or automatically be controlled by whoever arrives first, whether at the bottom or at the top (the system is programmed so that the direction is not reversed while a passenger is on the escalator). [PAR] Design and layout considerations [PAR] File:Cannes.Palace.inside.jpg [PAR] A number of factors affect escalator design, including physical requirements, location, traffic patterns, safety considerations, and aesthetic preferences. Foremost, physical factors like the vertical and horizontal distance to be spanned must be considered. These factors will determine the pitch of the escalator and its actual length. The ability of the building infrastructure to support the heavy components is also a critical physical concern. Location is important because escalators should be situated where they can be easily seen by the general public. In department stores, customers should be able to view the merchandise easily. Furthermore, up and down escalator traffic should be physically separated and should not lead into confined spaces. [PAR] Traffic patterns must also be anticipated in escalator design. In some buildings, the objective is simply to move people from one floor to another, but in others there may be a more specific requirement, such as funneling visitors towards a main exit or exhibit. The number of passengers is important because escalators are designed to carry a certain maximum number of people. For example, a single-width escalator traveling at about 1.5 feet (0.46 m) per second can move an estimated 170 persons per five minute period. The carrying capacity of an escalator system must match the expected"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1980's TV Shows - Best of 80's TV - Popular Series 1980 ... 1980's TV Shows - Best of 80's TV - Popular Series 1980-1989 - Classic TV Database [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1983-1987 | NBC [PAR] The A-Team is an action adventure series about a fictional group of ex-United States Army Special Forces personnel who work as soldiers of fortune, while on the run from the Army after being branded as war criminals for a \"crime they didn't commit\". The show featured Mr. T and aired on NBC from 1983 to 1987. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1986-1990 | NBC [PAR] ALF is an American science fiction sitcom that originally aired on NBC from 1986 to 1990, created by Paul Fusco. The title character was Gordon Shumway, a friendly extraterrestrial nicknamed ALF (an acronym for Alien Life Form), who crash lands in the garage of the suburban middle-class Tanner family. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1980-1982 | ABC [PAR] Bosom Buddies was a sitcom that starred Tom Hanks and Peter Scolari and ran from 1980 to 1982 on ABC that followed the misadventures of two single men, working in creative advertising, struggling in their industry while disguising themselves as women in order to live in the one apartment they could afford. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1981-1988 | CBS [PAR] Cagney & Lacey is a sitcom that aired on the CBS for seven seasons from 1981 to 1988. A police procedural, the show stars Tyne Daly and Sharon Gless as New York City police detectives who led very different lives: Christine Cagney (Gless) was a single, career-minded woman, while Mary Beth Lacey (Daly) was a married working mother. The series was set in a fictionalized version of Manhattan's 14th Precinct. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1976-1981 | ABC [PAR] Charlie's Angels is a crime drama series about three women who work for a private investigation agency, and is one of the first shows to showcase women in roles traditionally reserved for men. The show aired on ABC from 1976 to 1981.The [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1982-1993 | NBC [PAR] Cheers is a sitom that ran for 11 seasons on NBC from 1982 to 1993. The show is set in the Cheers bar (named for the toast \"Cheers\") in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, chat and have fun. The show's theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy, and co-written with Judy Hart Angelo, lent its famous refrain, \"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\", as the show's tagline. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1977-1983 | NBC [PAR] CHiPs is a drama series that aired on NBC from 1977 to 1983 that followed the lives of two motorcycle police officers of the California Highway Patrol, Baker and Ponch. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1978-1991 | CBS [PAR] Dallas is a drama that revolves around the Ewings, a wealthy Texas family in the oil and cattle-ranching industries. The series won four Emmy Awards, including a 1980 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series win for Barbara Bel Geddes. Throughout the series, Larry Hagman stars as greedy, scheming oil baron J. R. Ewing. The show also starred stage/screen actress Barbara Bel Geddes as family matriarch Miss Ellie, and movie Western actor Jim Davis in his last role as Ewing patriarch Jock Ewing before his death in 1981. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1988-1992 | NBC [PAR] Dear John is a sitcom that aired on NBC from 1988 to 1992. The series was originally based on the British sitcom of the same name. Dear John starred Judd Hirsch as easy going high school teacher"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angel Cabrera -- Masters Champion - PGA.com Angel Cabrera -- Masters Champion [PAR] Angel Cabrera -- Masters Champion [PAR] PGA Grand Slam of Golf Appearances: 2007, '09 [PAR] Major Championship Wins: 2007 U.S. Open, 2009 Masters [PAR] Worldwide Victories: 19 [PAR] Family: Wife, Silvia; Children: Federico (6/5/89), Angel (3/10/91) [PAR] Special Interests: Soccer [PAR] Turned Professional: 1989 [PAR] By Bob Denney, The PGA of America [PAR] Now that Angel Cabrera has officially erased the 41-year disappointment of any Argentine winning a Masters, a bizarre chapter is finally put to rest. [PAR] Following the legacy of beloved fellow countryman Roberto De Vicenzo, Cabrera is now a two-time major champion and South America's newest heralded sportsman. [PAR] The man nicknamed El Pato (\"The Duck\") has emerged as perhaps the best \"grinder\" in major championship golf in many years. In 2007, he survived rugged Oakmont to win the U.S. Open and then last April outlasted Kenny Perry and Chad Campbell to win a three-way playoff at the Masters. [PAR] The first South American to capture the Green Jacket, Cabrera held on with uncanny putting and clutch shotmaking while all those around him were crumbling. [PAR] Cabrera has found a way to bottle his emotions and harness the vital inner strength that De Vicenzo finds indispensable in golf. [PAR] Two years ago, Cabrera became the only player in the history of Argentina golf to earn a top-10 spot in the Official World Ranking. This year, he was ranked 69th before his trip to Augusta National. [PAR] It was once said that the golf ball doesn't know how old you are. In Cabrera's case, the ball also doesn't know or care how you are ranked. But can he play? [PAR] By his Augusta heroics, Cabrera added yet another rung to his growing r\u00e9sum\u00e9. He joins Gary Player as the only foreign-born players to win the Masters and the U.S. Open. [PAR] \"When they put the green jacket on, I had goose bumps,\" says Cabrera. \"I was shaking. I can't even explain what was going through my body.\" De Vicenzo, the winner of the 1967 British Open, once gave this observation of Cabrera's game. \"He seems to make the big mistake. He has to make what he has inside stronger.\" [PAR] Now, in the heat of the final stretch of a major championship, it is Cabrera who has found the inner strength and made the most of his \"breaks.\" [PAR] On Sunday, with the light fading at Augusta National, Cabrera made a \"big break\" pay dividends. His approach shot on the 18th hole caromed off a tree and back to the center of the fairway. From 70 yards, he converted one of the most memorable up and downs in major championship history that earned him a berth into a three-way playoff. [PAR] He followed that with a par at 18 to open the playoff and continued to the 10th tee. A short time later, he made a routine par to pass Perry, who bogeyed after missing the green to the left. The Masters was in Cabrera's pocket. [PAR] Cabrera's climb to the upper echelon of golf began in his hardscrabble youth, having been raised since he was 3 years old by his paternal grandmother. His boyhood home was on a quiet dirt road in Mendiolaza, a barrio near Cordoba, Argentina. [PAR] When he was 10 years old, Cabrera found his life's vocation. Just 10 blocks uphill from his grandmother's home was Cordoba Country Club. He began caddying, making 25 pesos per loop, which translates today to nearly two dollars. [PAR] It was a wage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 4 Privet Drive Little Whinging, Surrey, a harry potter ... 4 Privet Drive Little Whinging, Surrey, a harry potter fanfic | FanFiction [PAR] By: LupusIgnis [PAR] What happens when Harry Potter returns to his old, torture chamber known as the Dursleys' home a couple of years after defeating Voldemort? Watch the fun as Harry brings his girlfriend along. One-shot. [PAR] Rated: Fiction M - English - [Harry P., Daphne G.] - Words: 1,588 - Reviews: 8 - Favs: 87 - Follows: 24 - Published: 4/15/2013 - Status: Complete - id: 9207056 [PAR] + - Full 3/4 1/2 Expand Tighten [PAR] Disclaimer: I do not own any character's objects or anything else that comes from J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. [PAR] Warning: This story will contain scenes of violence, bad language, and maybe other themes that some audiences may find unsuitable. You have been advised. [PAR] 4 Privet Drive Little Whinging, Surrey [PAR] The black 1967 Ford Mustang GT Fastback, a classic in America, pulled into the driveway of the fourth house on Privet Drive. The driver was young with black, unruly hair. After shutting off the engine, he and his passenger sat silent for a moment, absorbing in their surroundings. The passenger, a blonde haired girl as young as her counterpart, spoke a few words before the driver opened his door and got out of the vehicle. [PAR] The young man wore black jeans, a white long sleeve t-shirt, black and white Vans, and a black leather jacket. On his forehead, there was a faded lightning bolt scar. [PAR] As he got out, he saw the curtains draw closed. [PAR] \"So\u2026I guess they did come back.\" Harry Potter said before closing his door and going up to the front door of the house of pain he had lived in for roughly thirteen years. [PAR] The man hesitated before knocking on the door with a quick but hard double tap. [PAR] \"Hello, how may I\u2026\" The horse-faced woman began before recognizing her nephew. [PAR] \"Petunia? Who is it, dear?\" Her husband called from inside the house. Harry knew that the obese man was probably eating another over-portioned meal at the kitchen table. [PAR] Harry glared at the woman he had called aunt before looking over her shoulder and yelling, \"Maybe if you answered the damn door, you would know, you fat fuck!\" [PAR] Petunia looked aghast, and when Vernon appeared, he looked enraged to say the least. [PAR] \"How dare you call me that, you-\" Vernon was interrupted by Harry's right fist connecting with Vernon's huge belly. The force behind Harry's blow managed to penetrate the fat called Vernon's stomach and jar the man's whole body. [PAR] \"Don't you dare even mutter that word in my presence ever again!\" Harry shouted as he slammed the door shut with his foot while Petunia stepped back in shock. Harry's emerald eyes were filled with anger that easily outmatched Vernon's previous rage. [PAR] \"Dad!\" Dudley called from the banister when he saw his father doubled over. [PAR] \"Hello, Dudleykins. Do you remember me?\" Harry spat each word out as if holding them in would kill him from their venom. [PAR] \"What are you doing here?\" The huge young man asked in fear. [PAR] \"I thought it was about time that I set the record straight with all of you asswipes.\" Harry's voice remained cold and harsh but lost its spitting quality. [PAR] Dudley's face paled. He then ran away from the stairs and went further into the house. [PAR] \"Look at that. Someone knows that they are about to face justice for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Fictional Addresses Puzzles - Fictional Addresses [PAR] 1. Who lives at 4 Paget Drive, Little Whinging? [PAR] 2. Which author created a fictional world that included Little Delving, Hardbottle and The Marrish? [PAR] 3. Which family live at 742 Evergreen Terrace? [PAR] 4. \ufffdLast night I dreamt I went to Manderley again\ufffd is the opening line of which 1938 classic novel? [PAR] 5. Which TV programme is set in Glenbogle, an estate in the Scottish highlands? [PAR] 6. Which famous character lived in \ufffdthe world`s largest estate\ufffd, Xanadu? [PAR] 7. Which TV comedy series featured a fictional property, with a sign featuring letters that had been re-arranged into anagrams such as Fatty Owls and Farty Towels? [PAR] 8. Pemberley is the country estate owned by Fitzwilliam Darcy in which Jane Austin novel? [PAR] 9. Which TV family lived in Nelson Mandela House? [PAR] 10. Which novel first introduced Room 101? [PAR] Have we had these before in a previous existence? [PAR] 3. Which family live at 742 Evergreen Terrace? [PAR] The Simpsons [PAR] 7. Which TV comedy series featured a fictional property, with a sign featuring letters that had been re-arranged into anagrams such as Fatty Owls and Farty Towels? [PAR] Flowery Twats [PAR] 9. Which TV family lived in Nelson Mandela House? [PAR] The Trotters [PAR] 4. \ufffdLast night I dreamt I went to Manderley again\ufffd is the opening line of which 1938 classic novel? [PAR] Rebecca [PAR] 8. Pemberley is the country estate owned by Fitzwilliam Darcy in which Jane Austin novel? [PAR] p&p postage and packing or Pride and Prejudice [PAR] 10. Which novel first introduced Room 101? [PAR] 1984 [PAR] 2. Which author created a fictional world that included Little Delving, Hardbottle and The Marrish? JRR Tolkien [PAR] 5. Which TV programme is set in Glenbogle, an estate in the Scottish highlands? [PAR] Monarch of the Glen [PAR] Well done everyone! nearly got them all [PAR] Have we had these before in a previous existence? [PAR] Possibly [PAR] do a search on 'Little Whinging' if you want to be quite sure [PAR] talking of which [PAR] 1. Who lives at 4 Paget Drive, Little Whinging? [PAR] Harry Potter [PAR] 6. Which famous character lived in \ufffdthe world`s largest estate\ufffd, Xanadu? [PAR] Citizen (Charles Foster) Kane [PAR] 1. Who lives at 4 Paget Drive, Little Whinging? [PAR] Harry Potter [PAR] shome mishtake shurely, it's Privet not Paget [PAR] D'you know, I thought something didn't look quite right about that [PAR] Think of it as your Brainteaser and Trivia all rolled into one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 742 Evergreen Terrace - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia 742 Evergreen Terrace | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire [PAR] 742 Evergreen Terrace is the address of the Simpson family home. [PAR] In order for the Simpson family to purchase the home, Abraham Simpson sold his old house and wrote Homer a check for $15,000, allowing him to pay the down payment on the house. In No Loan Again, Naturally it is revealed that the Simpsons are unable to afford their mortgage anymore, due to Homer constantly loaning money against the house, which causes Ned Flanders to buy the house for $101,000 and rent it to the Simpsons. [PAR] The house to the left of the Simpsons house is the Flanders 's house, which is owned outright by Ned Flanders. [PAR] The house on the right is possibly owned by Ted Flanders . It was formerly owned by Sideshow Bob (disguised as Walt Warren ), Ruth Powers , Laura Powers , Sylvia Winfield and Mr. Winfield , Terrence and Emily (Also home to Mr. Reader, Mrs. Reader and Baby Reader in The Simpsons Comic). [PAR] Marge once said that Evergreen Terrace is \"the street that smells like pee\". Oddly, former presidents George Bush and Gerald Ford have previously moved to Springfield, although in a house across the street. The House has been destroyed, sunk and other problems have happened. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Profile [PAR] Design [PAR] The house is a pinkish orange two-story detached house with a garage, basement, attic and lots of mice. On the ground floor, the front door leads straight into the foyer, with one arch in the wall to the left, leading to the sitting room, one to the right which leads into the dining room, a small cupboard and the stairs to the second floor. The sitting room and the dining room both have bay windows. At the back of the house is the living room and the kitchen, with stairs that lead to the basement (Marge discovered a secret sauna room hidden behind a heater). [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [PAR] The second story of the house has Homer and Marge's bedroom (with an en suite bathroom), Bart's bedroom, Lisa's bedroom, Maggie's bedroom, a bathroom and some 'empty' rooms, often shown in inconsistent places in several occasions. On the landing, there is a hatch which leads to the attic. [PAR] The back garden of the house is surrounded by a wooden picket fence and a low box hedge, and features a patio and the treehouse. Occasionally there is a hammock shown tied to two trees near the fence that borders Ned Flanders's backyard. Near that fence are the tombstones of The Simpsons's former cats: Snowball I , Snowball II , Snowball III , and Coltrane . [7] [PAR] Rooms [PAR] Attic [PAR] Features and furniture [PAR] The basement always includes a washing machine and a clothes dryer and a large Olmec statue of a head , which was a present from Mr. Burns after Bart donated blood to him. [8] However, the appearance of other features such as a furnace, ping-pong table, air hockey set and water softener vary from time to time. The basement is often used as a \"secret lair\", where Homer has brewed alcohol to beat prohibition and hidden his superhero operation as Pie Man , and where Marge hid during a spell of agoraphobia. Marge discovered a sauna in the basement, hidden behind a water heater. [9] At one time the basement held gym equipment. In one episode, Homer made his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monarch of the Glen (TV Series 2000\u20132005) - IMDb Monarch of the Glen (TV Series 2000\u20132005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Archie MacDonald, a young restaurateur is called back to his childhood home of Glenbogle where he is told he is the new Laird of Glenbogle. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] As the night of the Midsummer Ball approaches, Archie is determined to make sure everything runs smoothly. But it seems that someone is trying to sabotage the ball and Stella is determined to keep ... [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Hector and Archie fight for possession of a rare and valuable barrel of whiskey while Duncan and Golly compete amongst many other contenders for the new position of head ranger on the estate. [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] While Archie would rather forget the fact that it is his birthday, the family is determined to organize a secret surprise party. At the same time, Hector plants an article in the local magazine to ... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 23 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 07 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 19 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Title: Monarch of the Glen (2000\u20132005) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] SPOILER: Archie MacDonald, carving out a life for himself as a restaurateur in London, finds himself called back to his home in the Scottish Highlands to assume his role as The Laird of Glenbogle and get the 40,000 acre estate back on its feet. No matter the romantic interest and all the emotional undercurrents as the young Laird Archie wrestles the Glenbogle estate into the 21st century. Justine, Archie's girlfriend has competition from local school Headmistress Katrina and cook Lexie battle for the Laird's heart. Whilst Archie has to cope with his eccentric parents Molly and Hector and their friend and neighbor Kilwillie. 5 years later, Archie's half-brother Paul Bowman comes to Glenbogle, and becomes Laird of Glenbogle, whilst Archie and his new wife Lexie leave for New Zealand. He has many romantic interests including farmer Isobel Anderson, neighbor Lucy Ford, brewery chairwoman Amanda MacLeish and shepherdess Iona Maclean. Paul has to control the wacky duo of Uncle Donald, the ... Written by Lieke@the-friends-experience.zzn.com & tReynard Pictures [PAR] 1 January 2001 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Karl f\u00f6r sin kilt See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Lorraine Pilkington (who plays Katrina Finlay) married series director Simon Massey . See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The details of Hector's history as a laird are altered throughout the series. For example, in the first episode of the series he claims to be the 14th laird of Glenbogle but in the 6th season he is referred to as the 23rd. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Molly MacDonald : Listen, mush! I can boogie with the best, dance 'til dawn and drink 'til doomsday! So don't give me this old routine! Or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Fictional Addresses Puzzles - Fictional Addresses [PAR] 1. Who lives at 4 Paget Drive, Little Whinging? [PAR] 2. Which author created a fictional world that included Little Delving, Hardbottle and The Marrish? [PAR] 3. Which family live at 742 Evergreen Terrace? [PAR] 4. \ufffdLast night I dreamt I went to Manderley again\ufffd is the opening line of which 1938 classic novel? [PAR] 5. Which TV programme is set in Glenbogle, an estate in the Scottish highlands? [PAR] 6. Which famous character lived in \ufffdthe world`s largest estate\ufffd, Xanadu? [PAR] 7. Which TV comedy series featured a fictional property, with a sign featuring letters that had been re-arranged into anagrams such as Fatty Owls and Farty Towels? [PAR] 8. Pemberley is the country estate owned by Fitzwilliam Darcy in which Jane Austin novel? [PAR] 9. Which TV family lived in Nelson Mandela House? [PAR] 10. Which novel first introduced Room 101? [PAR] Have we had these before in a previous existence? [PAR] 3. Which family live at 742 Evergreen Terrace? [PAR] The Simpsons [PAR] 7. Which TV comedy series featured a fictional property, with a sign featuring letters that had been re-arranged into anagrams such as Fatty Owls and Farty Towels? [PAR] Flowery Twats [PAR] 9. Which TV family lived in Nelson Mandela House? [PAR] The Trotters [PAR] 4. \ufffdLast night I dreamt I went to Manderley again\ufffd is the opening line of which 1938 classic novel? [PAR] Rebecca [PAR] 8. Pemberley is the country estate owned by Fitzwilliam Darcy in which Jane Austin novel? [PAR] p&p postage and packing or Pride and Prejudice [PAR] 10. Which novel first introduced Room 101? [PAR] 1984 [PAR] 2. Which author created a fictional world that included Little Delving, Hardbottle and The Marrish? JRR Tolkien [PAR] 5. Which TV programme is set in Glenbogle, an estate in the Scottish highlands? [PAR] Monarch of the Glen [PAR] Well done everyone! nearly got them all [PAR] Have we had these before in a previous existence? [PAR] Possibly [PAR] do a search on 'Little Whinging' if you want to be quite sure [PAR] talking of which [PAR] 1. Who lives at 4 Paget Drive, Little Whinging? [PAR] Harry Potter [PAR] 6. Which famous character lived in \ufffdthe world`s largest estate\ufffd, Xanadu? [PAR] Citizen (Charles Foster) Kane [PAR] 1. Who lives at 4 Paget Drive, Little Whinging? [PAR] Harry Potter [PAR] shome mishtake shurely, it's Privet not Paget [PAR] D'you know, I thought something didn't look quite right about that [PAR] Think of it as your Brainteaser and Trivia all rolled into one[DOC] [TLE] Don't Mention The War! on Pinterest | Fawlty Towers ... 1000+ images about Don't Mention The War! on Pinterest | English, Connie booth and Noma bar [PAR] John Cleese as Basil Fawlty and Prunella Scales as Sybil Fawlty, Fawlty Towers, \"Communication Problems\" [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pemberley - The Jane Austen Wiki - Wikia Pemberley | The Jane Austen Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Pemberley is the country estate owned by Fitzwilliam Darcy , the male protagonist in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. It is located about 5 miles from the town of Lambton, in the county of Derbyshire. [PAR] In describing the estate, Austen uses uncharacteristically explicit symbolism to represent the geographical home of the man at the centre of the novel. On first visiting the estate, Elizabeth Bennet is charmed by the beauty of the surrounding countryside, as indeed she is by Mr. Darcy himself. Elizabeth had already rejected Mr. Darcy's first proposal by the time she visits Pemberley \u2014 it is his letter, the praise of his housekeeper, and his own courteous behaviour at Pemberley that bring about a change in her opinion of Mr. Darcy. [PAR] \"They gradually ascended for half a mile, and then found themselves at the top of a considerable eminence, where the wood ceased, and the eye was instantly caught by Pemberley House, situated on the opposite side of a valley, into which the road with some abruptness wound. It was a large, handsome, stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills;\u2014and in front, a stream of some natural importance was swelled into greater, but without any artificial appearance. Its banks were neither formal, nor falsely adorned. Elizabeth was delighted. She had never seen a place where nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste. They were all of them warm in her admiration; and at that moment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something!\" Jane Austen (1813). [PAR] Trivia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LiveLeak.com - The Real Room 101 - Documentary on George ... LiveLeak.com - The Real Room 101 - Documentary on George Orwell and Mind Control [PAR] Browse Channels [PAR] The Real Room 101 - Documentary on George Orwell and Mind Control [PAR] Room 101 is a place introduced in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. It is a torture chamber in the Ministry of Love in which the Party attempts to subject a prisoner to his or her own worst nightmare, fear or phobia. [PAR] You asked me once, what was in Room 101. I told you that you knew the answer already. Everyone knows it. The thing that is in Room 101 is the worst thing in the world. [PAR] Such is the purported omniscience of the state in the society of Nineteen Eighty-Four that even a citizen's nightmares are known to the Party. The nightmare, and therefore the threatened punishment, of the protagonist Winston Smith is to be attacked by rats. Smith saves himself by begging the authorities to let his lover, Julia, have her face gnawed by the ferocious rodents instead. The torture, and what Winston does to escape it, breaks his last promise to himself and to Julia: never to betray [PAR] Loading the player ..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tina Turner - Biography - IMDb Tina Turner - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Tina Turner [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 65 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (45) | Personal Quotes (10) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll [PAR] The Burner [PAR] 5' 4\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] After almost fifty years in the music business, Tina Turner has become one of the most commercially-successful international female rock stars to date. Her sultry, powerful voice, her incredible legs, her time-tested beauty and her unforgettable story all contribute to her legendary status. [PAR] Tina Turner was born Anna Mae Bullock in Nutbush, in Haywood County, Tennessee, to Zelma Priscilla (Currie) and Floyd Richard Bullock. Her family were sharecroppers. Tina was raised in the segregated South. She and her elder sister were abandoned by their sparring parents early on, and were then raised by their grandparents. After her grandmother's death, she eventually moved to St. Louis, Missouri to reunite with her mother. This opened up a whole new world of R&B nightclubs to the precocious 16-year-old. Called up to sing on-stage with Ike Turner 's Kings of Rhythm in 1956, she displayed a natural talent for performing which the band leader was keen to develop. Soon, Anna Mae's aspirations of a nursing career were forgotten and she began to hang around with the group. When the singer booked to record \"A Fool in Love\" failed to turn up for the session, Ike drafted in Anna Mae to provide the vocal with the intention of removing it later. However, once he heard her spine-tingling performance of the song, he soon changed his plans. He changed her name to Tina Turner and when the record became a hit, Tina became a permanent fixture in Ike's band and his quest for international stardom. One thing led to another: they were married in Mexico between the births of Tina's two sons - the first a result of an earlier relationship with a musician, the second with Ike. [PAR] Before too long the Ike and Tina Turner Revue was tearing up large and small R&B and soul venues throughout the early and mid-1960s. The hits were relatively few, but the unsurpassed energy and excitement generated by the live stage show (read: Tina) made the Revue a solid touring act, along with the likes of James Brown and Ray Charles . Their greatest attempt to \"cross over\" came in 1966 with the historic recording of the Phil Spector production, \"River Deep, Mountain High\". While it was a commercial flop in the United States, it was a monster hit in Europe - and the start of Tina's European superstar status, which never faded during her long stint of relative obscurity in America in the late 1970s. The Revue entered that decade as a top touring and recording act, with Tina becoming more and more recognized as the star power behind the group's international success. Ike, while having been justly described as an excellent musician, a shrewd businessman and the initial \"brains\" behind the Revue, was also described (by Tina and others) as a violent, drug-addicted wife-beater who was not above frequently knocking Tina (and other women) around both publicly and privately. Despite hits such as \"Proud Mary\" and Tina's self-penned \"Nutbush City Limits\", further mainstream success eluded the group and Ike blamed Tina. After years of misery and a failed suicide attempt, Tina finally had enough in July 1976, when she fled the marriage (and the Revue)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Letter Tiles Are in Scrabble? - Board/Card Games How Many Letter Tiles Are in Scrabble? [PAR] How Many Letter Tiles Are in Scrabble? [PAR] By Erik Arneson [PAR] Updated September 28, 2016. [PAR] Scrabble is the most popular word game ever published. This is part of our Scrabble FAQ . [PAR] There are exactly 100 tiles in Scrabble, distributed this way (read more about Scrabble's tile distribution ): [PAR] Blank/Wild: 2 tiles[DOC] [TLE] How to Use a Blank Tile in Scrabble - Tiles, Letters, Strategy How to Use a Blank Tile in Scrabble - Tiles, Letters, Strategy [PAR] Using Blank Tiles in Scrabble [PAR] Using Blank Tiles in Scrabble [PAR] When you master how to use a blank tile in Scrabble, you can use blanks to score especially high point totals. A blank tile has no value in and of itself when playing Scrabble, but blank letter tiles give you flexibility in the type of words you can place on the board. For that reason, blank tiles are highly coveted in Scrabble, though rare (2 blanks per game). [PAR] Blank Tiles Equal Any Letter in the Alphabet [PAR] Remember that a blank tile can represent any letter in the English alphabet. Once played, though the blank tile is essentially like whatever letter it was originally played as. So if someone plays the blank as the \u201cZ\u201d in \u201cQ-U-A-R-T-Z\u201d, then if you play off quartz, you\u2019ll need to build off the blank tile as if it was any other \u201cz\u201d on the board. Remember this tile is still worth no point value. [PAR] Play All 7 Letter Tiles [PAR] When playing the blank letter tiles, try to think of all the various possibilities for building longer words. If you the blank tile is what you need to fill out a 7 or 8 letter word, then by all means take the opportunity to get rid of all your letter tiles at once. Remember, if you play all 7 letter tiles off your letter rack at once, you gain an extra +50 point bonus. So it\u2019s worth putting your letter tiles in an order and see if you only need one letter to complete a word. [PAR] Add an S to a Big Word [PAR] One of the big cop-outs in Scrabble is to add an \u201cS\u201d to a word that\u2019s already on the board. This works for longer words and words with a lot of high point value letters. Remember that the blank tile has no point value, while building off a word that has already been played over a double and triple modifier space does not give the 2x and 3x point values. [PAR] Still, if the S gives you a nice total towards the end of the game, this might still be your best option. And if your blank tile is played onto a double word or triple word score, you get the benefit of the modifier, despite the fact that the blank tile is worth no points itself. [PAR] Using a Blank To Replace Low Value Letters [PAR] Since you don\u2019t get the point value of the letter the blank tile represents, it\u2019s just as good to play a blank as a 1-point letter as a 10-point letter. In fact, if you have several big point letters on your letter rack, consider using the blank as a common letter, in order to facilitate getting those big point tiles on the Scrabble board. [PAR] Using the Blank Tile for High Scrabble Scores [PAR] Studying how to use a blank tile in Scrabble can increase you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Hell's Kitchen' names winning chef - Digital Spy 'Hell's Kitchen': Gordon Ramsay names season nine winner who receives BLT Steak head chef job in New York City [PAR] 'Hell's Kitchen': Gordon Ramsay names season nine winner who receives BLT Steak head chef job in New York City [PAR] Chef Gordon Ramsay chooses his season nine Hell's Kitchen winner. [PAR] Don't Miss [PAR] Share [PAR] 1 hour ago 8:28 AM [PAR] Share [PAR] August 26 2016 2:01 AM [PAR] July 21 2016 9:05 AM [PAR] Latest News [PAR] Share [PAR] 2 hours ago 7:00 AM [PAR] Share [PAR] 2 hours ago 7:00 AM [PAR] 7 hours ago 2:01 AM [PAR] Must Read [PAR] Share [PAR] 11 hours ago 9:58 PM [PAR] Share [PAR] 2 hours ago 7:00 AM [PAR] Share [PAR] 2 hours ago 7:00 AM [PAR] Share [PAR] 12 hours ago 9:04 PM [PAR] December 29 2016 7:00 AM [PAR] 20 September 2011 10:08 AM [PAR] Shares [PAR] Paul Niedermann has been named the winner of the ninth season of Hell's Kitchen by Chef Gordon Ramsay. [PAR] The 26-year-old junior sous chef won the coveted head chef job at BLT Steak in New York City and a salary of $250,000 over runner-up Will Lustberg on Monday night's season finale of the Fox cooking competition. [PAR] \u00a9 Fox Greg Gayne [PAR] Chef Ramsay said: \"Paul won tonight because he is probably the most passionate, determined chef to ever enter Hell's Kitchen. He will make a great head chef because his enthusiasm is contagious. [PAR] \"I'm proud to hand him over to BLT Steak in New York City.\" [PAR] Paul, who was congratulated by his brother after his win, said: \"There is so much emotion going through me. I'm happy, sad, ecstatic. My mom is looking down on me right now and knows what I've been through and how hard I have worked. This is all for her.\" [PAR] In choosing between Paul and Will, Chef Ramsay had admitted the decision was \"incredibly difficult\", saying Paul had been one of the best chefs since he arrived in the competition, while Will had been one of the most consistent. [PAR] Will congratulated Paul with a hug after the result was announced, saying: \"I would much rather have won. I didn't come out here for second, I came out here for first but if I had to lose to anybody I'm glad it was Paul.\" [PAR] \u00a9 Fox Smallz and Raskin [PAR] > Hell's Kitchen finale: Top 4 chefs talk favorite moments [PAR] Paul and Will's final dinner service saw them joined by former contestants. Paul's team consisted of Elise, Elizabeth, Jonathan and Carrie, while Will worked with Tommy, Natalie, Jennifer and Krupa. [PAR] Chef Ramsay congratulated them both on how they handled the service before turning to the customer comment cards to help make his decision. [PAR] Another highlight of the finale saw Chef Ramsay taking Will and Paul and their loved ones out for dinner, only for the restaurant to turn into a huge hall filled with cheering fans. Chef Ramsay told them that unlike the first episode of the series when the contestants were greeted with an empty auditorium , they were now stars and should bask in the limelight. [PAR] Elise Wims and Tommy Stevens were eliminated from the competition during the first hour of the two-hour finale, which opened with the contestants being briefly reunited with their loved ones. [PAR] Their first challenge was recreating one of Chef Ramsay's dishes purely from taste, touch and smell, which included figuring out which sort of proteins he had used."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Sutherland says Don't Look Now sex scene with Julie ... Donald Sutherland says Don't Look Now sex scene with Julie Christie 'WAS NOT real' | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Actor Donald Sutherland has emphatically denied an assertion that he and actress Julie Christie actually had sex during a graphic love scene in the 1973 film Don't Look Now. [PAR] In a book called Famous Players: A Tale Of Movies, The Mob, (And Sex), former Variety editor Peter Bart claims he was on the film's set and saw the two stars engaging in real sex. [PAR] But 75-year-old Sutherland totally rejects Bart's claim, calling it 'mendacious'. [PAR] In an email sent to the New York Daily News, he said the claim was: 'Not true. None of it. Not the sex. Not him witnessing it.' [PAR] On-screen chemistry: Donald Sutherland and Julie Christie cosy up in the heated love scene in Don't Look Now [PAR] The sex scene between Julie Christie and Donald Sutherland has long been the subject of conjecture over whether it was real [PAR] He added: 'From beginning to end there were four people in that room. No one else. Wires under the locked door led out side and this was twenty years before video monitors.' [PAR] The four people he was referring to were himself and Christie, director Nicolas Roeg and cinematographer Anthony Richmond. [PAR] Unsurprisingly, it is one of the most notorious \u2018did they or didn\u2019t they?\u2019 moment in movie history. [PAR] So passionate was the love scene between Christie and Sutherland that ever since there has been speculation the pair were actually having sex. [PAR] The stars have always maintained the steaminess was down to good acting and inspired direction in what was an unscripted improvisation. [PAR] Sixties sex siren: Julie Christie wearing lacy night gown in a sultry pose with a cup of tea [PAR] Bart's graphic account reveals how he visited the Venice set as a young Paramount Pictures executive on what he calls that \u2018auspicious day\u2019. [PAR] As he arrived, the director Nicolas Roeg reportedly told him: \u2018Good day to come by\u2019, Mr Bart says. At first he claims his mind drifted off for a few moments as he sat watching the filming but then he suddenly focused on the actors, who were both completely naked. [PAR] \u2018It was clear to me they were no longer simply acting: they were ****ing on camera,\u2019 writes Mr Bart, according to a report in the Los Angeles-based Hollywood Reporter which obtained an advance copy of his book, called \u2018Infamous Players: A Tale of Movies, the Mob, (and Sex)\u2019. [PAR] Mr Bart says he then whispered to Roeg: \u2018Nic, don\u2019t they expect you to say \u201ccut\u201d?\u2019, to which Roeg replied: \u2018I just want to be sure I have the coverage.\u2019 [PAR] On-screen chemistry: Julie Christie and Donald Sutherland in the 1973 film Don't Look Now. A new book has said their sex scene WAS real [PAR] The film starts with the death of the couple's daughter, played by Sharon Williams. The majority of the film, including the famous sex scene, was shot in Venice [PAR] This apparently prompted Mr Bart to comment on what he could see going on and to say: \u2018That\u2019s beyond coverage.\u2019 [PAR] It has long been rumoured in the movie world that the love-making was real \u2013 and have even claimed that out-takes from the scene were viewed in private Beverly Hills screening rooms. [PAR] British actress Miss Christie, 69, won an Oscar in 1965 for the John Schlesinger film Darling, although her most famous performances were in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about locusts Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about locusts [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about locusts [PAR] What is the difference between locusts and grasshoppers? [PAR] Locusts are part of a large group of insects commonly called grasshoppers which have big hind legs for jumping. Locusts belong to the family called Acrididae. Locusts differ from grasshoppers in that they have the ability to change their behaviour and habits and can migrate over large distances. [PAR] What is a Desert Locust? [PAR] The Desert Locust is one of about a dozen species of short-horned grasshoppers (Acridoidea) that are known to change their behavior and form swarms of adults or bands of hoppers (wingless nymphs). The swarms that form can be dense and highly mobile. The Latin name for Desert Locust is Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal). [PAR] What countries are affected by the Desert Locust? [PAR] During quiet periods (known as recessions) Desert Locusts are usually restricted to the semi-arid and arid deserts of Africa, the Near East and South-West Asia that receive less than 200 mm of rain annually. This is an area of about 16 million square kilometres, consisting of about 30 countries. [PAR] During plagues, Desert Locusts may spread over an enormous area of some 29 million square kilometres, extending over or into parts of 60 countries. This is more than 20% of the total land surface of the world. During plagues, the Desert Locust has the potential to damage the livelihood of a tenth of the world's population. [PAR] Do Desert Locust plagues occur with any regularity? [PAR] There is no evidence that Desert Locust plagues occur after a specific number of years. Instead, plagues develop intermittently. Plagues of locusts have been reported since the Pharaonic times in ancient Egypt. During this century, Desert Locust plagues occurred in 1926-1934, 1940-1948, 1949-1963, 1967-1969 and 1986-1989. [PAR] How long does a Desert Locust live? [PAR] A Desert Locust lives a total of about three to five months although this is extremely variable and depends mostly on weather and ecological conditions. The life cycle comprises three stages: egg, hopper and adult. Eggs hatch in about two weeks (the range is 10-65 days), hoppers develop in five to six stages over a period of about 30-40 days, and adults mature in about three weeks to nine months but more frequently from two to four months. [PAR] How many eggs does a Desert Locust female produce? [PAR] Desert Locust females lay eggs in an egg pod primarily in sandy soils at a depth of 10-15 centimetres below the surface. A solitary female lays about 95-158 eggs whereas a gregarious female lays usually less than 80 eggs in an egg pod. Females can lay at least three times in their lifetime usually at intervals of about 6-11 days. Up to 1,000 egg pods have been found in one square metre. [PAR] How far and how fast can Desert Locusts migrate? [PAR] Desert Locusts usually fly with the wind at a speed of about 16-19 km/h depending on the wind. Swarms can travel about 5-130 km or more in a day. Locusts can stay in the air for long periods of time. For example, locusts regularly cross the Red Sea, a distance of 300 km. In the past there have been some spectacular and very long distance swarm migrations, for example from North-West Africa to the British Isles in 1954 and from West Africa to the Caribbean, a distance of 5,000 km in about ten days in 1988. Solitary Desert Locust adults usually fly at night whereas gregarious adults (swarms) fly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PENGUINS - Reproduction - SeaWorld PENGUINS - Reproduction [PAR] Reproduction [PAR] InfoBook Home [PAR] Sexual Maturity [PAR] Like most seabirds, penguins tend to be long-lived. They may take three to eight years to reach sexual maturity. [PAR] With some of the smaller species, breeding may begin at three to four years, but most larger species are not accomplished breeders until much later. On average, breeding does not begin until the fifth year, and a few males do not breed until the eighth year. [PAR] Mating Activity [PAR] Breeding seasons differ from species to species. [PAR] Most species have an annual breeding season - spring through summer. [PAR] The king penguin has the longest breeding cycle of all the penguin species, lasting 14 to 16 months. A female king penguin may produce a chick during alternate breeding seasons. [PAR] Emperor penguins breed annually during the antarctic winter, June through August. [PAR] During the emperor breeding season, air temperature may drop to -60\u00b0C (-76\u00b0F) and winds may reach speeds up to 200 kph (124 mph.) [PAR] For most of the winter, antarctic penguins live in an environment of darkness or half-light. Why emperors breed during the harshest season of the year is unknown, but some scientists speculate that when the chicks become independent five months later (in January and February, the antarctic summer), environmental conditions are more favorable for the young birds. [PAR] The little penguin breeds throughout the year and has the shortest breeding cycle, which lasts about 50 days. [PAR] Some of the temperate penguins, like the Humboldt and the African, tend to nest throughout the year. [PAR] Courtship. [PAR] Courtship varies among species. It generally begins with both visual and auditory displays. In many species, males display first to establish a nest site and then to attract a mate. Not all species exhibit all displays, but in general there are three distinct types of displays. [PAR] Ecstatic. Also called trumpeting, head swinging or advertisement, this display establishes possession of a nest site, attracts females, and warns other males to stay away. Males at the nest site commonly exhibit the ecstatic display before females arrive or when building nests. The male may dip its head low and then stretch its head and neck upward with flippers held outstretched and squawk or \"bray\". Male penguins can perform the ecstatic display in a sitting or standing position. Some species, like the Ad\u00e9lie, chinstrap, and crested penguins, may swing their head or flap their flippers while calling. [PAR] Mutual ecstatic. Once paired, male and female penguins perform the mutual ecstatic display together. This display seems to strengthen the pair bond, coordinate nesting behavior, and advertise a nesting territory. The mutual display is similar to the ecstatic display\u2014head and neck stretched upward with a braying vocal. Crested, brush-tailed, and temperate penguins, stand facing each other, performing the action in unison. Within these species there are some behavior differences. For example, gentoos generally hold their outstretched head and flippers still, while macaronis flap flippers and roll their heads from side to side. Emperor penguins have a unique mutual display position: Standing face-to-face, individuals hold their heads down with bills pointed to the ground while braying. Mutual displays continue throughout the breeding season, often taking place at the nest when parents switch places for egg incubation and chick feeding. [PAR] Bowing. Bowing displays may lessen the likelihood of aggression and strengthen recognition between partners. One or both of the penguins dips its head and points its bill at the nest or at the other bird's bill. The call is a low hiss or growl"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jerez Wine | Sherry Wine Types: Fino, Manzanilla ... Jerez Wine | Sherry Wine Types: Fino, Manzanilla, Amontillado. Oloroso y Palo Cortado [PAR] Spanish wines \u00bb Sherry \u00bb Jerez Types [PAR] Types of Spanish Sherry [PAR] Thanks to the long history of Sherry in Spain as well as the creativeness of the Sherry makers in the country, there are a number of different varieties of the wine available today; each with its own name, technique and flavour. [PAR] Fino [PAR] Fino Sherries are the driest and palest of the various types of Spanish Sherry. Compared to the other varieties, they are not aged as long and should be drunk as soon as possible after opening the bottle as the exposure to air can lead to the wine losing its flavour. [PAR] This type of Sherry owes its light and fresh flavour to the yeast used in its production. The flor yeast forms a protective layer over the top of the wine when it is being aged, which shields the wine from over oxidation. This technique was not fully understood until way into the 19th century. [PAR] Fino Sherry is to be served chilled, at a temperature between 7 and 10\u00b0C. Often the Sherry is served before a meal, but you might also see people drinking Sherry with some Spanish tapas when you visit Spain. [PAR] Manzanilla [PAR] Manzanilla is another form of fine, dry Sherry which is produced around the port of Sanl\u00facar de Barrameda. Manzanilla Sherry is made in the same way as fino Sherry however; the cool sea temperatures mean that the yeast often grows better. The resulting thicker layer of yeast protects the wine from the air even further; giving the Sherry an even finer and more delicate flavour than other fino Sherries. [PAR] There is an ongoing dispute surrounding the name of this variety of Spanish Sherry however. Some people believe that it is named after apples as it tastes a little bit like the fruit. Others believe that it tastes like chamomile tea which is often known as manzanilla in Spain. Other theories claim that the grape vine used at the beginning of the existence of this drink was called manzanilla and that the wines resemble those that came from the town of Manzanilla during the 15th century. [PAR] Manzanilla Sherry is best drunk when chilled to a temperature of 7-10\u00b0C, and goes particularly well with Spanish tapas such as olives, almonds, Jam\u00f3n serrano or seafood. This Sherry variety should also been consumed as soon as possible, just like finos, as the wine can lose its flavour very quickly. [PAR] Amontillado [PAR] The Amontillado Sherry is a Sherry that is darker than a fino but still lighter than an oloroso. Normally, an amontillado begins as a fino Sherry which contains around 13.5% alcohol. The cap of yeast though that makes a fino is the key to amontillado as well, however it is the inadequacy of such layer that makes the wine. Without this layer, the amontillado Sherry has to be fortified until it contains 17.5% alcohol, after which the Sherry is allowed to slowly oxidise in porous oak casks. The resulting Sherry is therefore darker in colour and richer in flavour than a fino. [PAR] The name for this type of Spanish Sherry comes from the Spanish region of Montilla, which is where the variety of Sherry originally began to be produced during the 18th century. However, sometimes the term is used to describe any Sherry that has a colour between a fino and an oloroso Sherry. [PAR] Amontillado is normally served chilled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South America: Physical Geography - National Geographic ... South America: Physical Geography - National Geographic Society [PAR] South America: Physical Geography [PAR] South America is a continent of extremes. It is home to the world's largest river (the Amazon) as well as the world's driest place (the Atacama Desert). [PAR] Map by the National Geographic Society [PAR] Largest Urban Area [PAR] Sao Paulo, Brazil (20.4 million people) [PAR] Highest Elevation [PAR] Aconcagua, Argentina (6,901 meters/22,641 feet) [PAR] Largest Watershed [PAR] Amazon River (7 million square kilometers/2.72 million square miles) [PAR] Population Density [PAR] 57 people per square kilometer [PAR] Most Renewable Electricity Produced [PAR] Paraguay (99.9%, hydropower) [PAR] South America, the fourth-largest continent , extends from the Gulf of Dari\u00e9n in the northwest to the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego in the south. [PAR] South America\u2019s physical geography , environment and resource s, and human geography can be considered separately. [PAR] South America can be divided into three physical region s: mountain s and highlands, river basin s, and coastal plain s. Mountains and coastal plains generally run in a north-south direction, while highlands and river basins generally run in an east-west direction. [PAR] South America\u2019s extreme geographic variation contributes to the continent\u2019s large number of biomes. A biome is a community of animals and plants that spreads over an area with a relatively uniform climate . [PAR] Within a few hundred kilometers, South America\u2019s coastal plains\u2019 dry desert biome rises to the rugged alpine biome of the Andes mountains. One of the continent\u2019s river basins (the Amazon) is defined by dense , tropical rain forest , while the other (Paran\u00e1) is made up of vast grassland s. [PAR] With an unparalleled number of plant and animal species, South America\u2019s rich biodiversity is unique among the world\u2019s continents. [PAR] Mountains & Highlands [PAR] South America\u2019s primary mountain system, the Andes, is also the world\u2019s longest. The range covers about 8,850 kilometers (5,500 miles). Situated on the far western edge of the continent, the Andes stretch from the southern tip to the northernmost coast of South America. There are hundreds of peaks more than 4,500 meters (15,000 feet) tall, many of which are volcanic. [PAR] The highest peak in the Andes, Aconcagua, stands at 6,962 meters (22,841 feet) and straddles the Argentina-Chile border . Aconcagua is the tallest mountain outside Asia. [PAR] High plateau s are also a feature of the Andes. The altiplano of Peru and Bolivia, for example, has an elevation of about 3,700 meters (12,300 feet). The Patagonia region of Argentina and Chile consists of lower-elevation plateaus and rugged glacier s. [PAR] Most plants in the alpine biome are small, and their leaves are stiff and strong to protect them from frost and drought. The largest herb in the world, Puya raimondii, is known as the Queen of the Andes. A Puya raimondii can live for 100 years and can grow to more than 9 meters (30 feet) tall. The leaves of this endangered species all grow from one woody stem , allowing moisture to run down the leaves to the base of the plant. [PAR] Outside the Andes, South America has two principal highland areas: the Brazilian Highlands and the Guiana Highlands. Located south of the Amazon River in Brazil, the Brazilian Highlands are made up of low mountains and plateaus that rise to an average elevation of 1,006 meters (3,300 feet). The Guiana Highlands are located between the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers. The heavily forested plateau of the Guiana Highlands covers southern Venezuela, French Guiana, Guyana, northern Brazil, and a portion of southeastern Colombia."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BRAZIL Set to Host 2014 World Cup - BBC News BBC SPORT | Football | Internationals | Brazil will stage 2014 World Cup [PAR] Brazil will stage 2014 World Cup [PAR] Romario, Dunga and Brazilian President Lula with the World Cup [PAR] Brazil has been named as the host nation for the 2014 football World Cup. [PAR] The South American country was the only one bidding to host the tournament, which was due to be staged on the continent under Fifa's rotation system. [PAR] Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva said: \"Soccer is more than a sport for us, it's a national passion.\" [PAR] Brazil have won the tournament a record five times and hosted the World Cup once before, in 1950, when they lost 2-1 in the final to Uruguay. [PAR] 606: DEBATE [PAR] Will Brazil be good hosts? [PAR] It is the first time the World Cup is being held in South America since Argentina hosted, and won, the 1978 tournament. [PAR] Brazil is setting aside around \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd550m to update its stadiums, including the Maracan\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in Rio de Janeiro which hosted the 1950 World Cup final. [PAR] And that money will need to be spent wisely as Fifa's inspection report has identified 18 grounds with more than 40,000 capacity that could host games. These will be whittled down to nine or 10. [PAR] However, of the 18, four would have to be re-built from scratch and all of the others need to undergo substantial renovation. [PAR] This World Cup will have such a big social and cultural impact in Brazil [PAR] Fifa president Sepp Blatter [PAR] So basic are the facilities at the moment that most of the stadia are not even equipped for television commentary. [PAR] Fifa president Blatter said, however, that he had been impressed by Brazil's plans for 2014 despite the fact they were the only bidders. [PAR] \"The task was not easy - for us it was a real big challenge to have the same list of requirements and the same conditions for only one candidate,\" he said. [PAR] \"There was an extraordinary presentation by the delegation and we witnessed that this World Cup will have such a big social and cultural impact in Brazil. [PAR] Brazilians celebrate at the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio [PAR] \"This is the country that has given to the world the best football and the best footballers, and they are five times world champions.\" [PAR] Fifa's inspection report added: \"Brazil has a rich history of hosting sporting and other international events. [PAR] \"But the standards and demands of the World Cup will far surpass those of any other event staged in the history of Brazil in terms of magnitude and complexity. [PAR] \"The inspection team wants Fifa experts to review the process and progress of host city selection to ensure that adequate financing is committed and secured.\" [PAR] As news filtered through, celebrations broke out in various towns around the country with fireworks and festivities set to continue into the night. [PAR] Around 100 people unfurled a green and yellow banner, emblazoned with the words 'The 2014 World Cup is ours', at the foot of the famous Christ the Redeemer statue which overlooks Rio. [PAR] Meanwhile, women's world champions Germany will host the 2011 Women's World Cup after beating off competition from Canada. [PAR] Bookmark with:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] JULIE COVINGTON ON EVITA - YouTube JULIE COVINGTON ON EVITA - YouTube [PAR] JULIE COVINGTON ON EVITA [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 27, 2008 [PAR] Julie Covington was the singer who introduced \"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\" in the original studio recording back in 1976. She scored an international number one with the song and the single reached No.1 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1977. She was later given the opportunity to originate the role in the stage production of \"Evita\", but she declined, explaining that she thought the impact of her recording would be diminished, and Elaine Paige took the role. This video shows real Eva Duarte de Per\u00f3n, \"Evita\", original footage. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Don't Cry For Me Argentina by Julie Covington Songfacts Don't Cry For Me Argentina by Julie Covington Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] This is the best-known song from the 1978 musical Evita, featuring music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. The show tells the story of Argentine political leader Eva Per\u00f3n, the second wife of Argentinean president Juan Per\u00f3n. This song appears early in the second act as Evita addresses the crowd from the balcony of the Casa Rosada. [PAR] Tim Rice's original inspiration for writing a musical about Eva Per\u00f3n arose from listening to a BBC Radio 4 programme about the Argentine First Lady. [PAR] Both Tim Rice & Andrew Lloyd-Webber recognized the potential of this song but Rice thought the lyric might be too obscure for a pop single. He did rework it as \"It's Only Your Lover Returning,\" before the duo decided they still preferred \"Don't Cry For Me Argentina.\" [PAR] Evita began as a rock opera concept album released in 1976 and Julie Covington was selected to sing the title role, including the vocals for this song. Released as a single, it topped the UK singles chart becoming at the time the biggest selling UK hit by a female vocalist with sales of 980,000 units. [PAR] Prior to recording this song, Covington was best known for her role in the TV series Rock Follies. She was later given the opportunity to originate the role in the stage production of Evita, but declined, explaining that she thought the impact of her recording would be diminished. Musical actress Elaine Paige took the role when the show opened on June 21, 1978, followed by Patti LuPone the following year on Broadway. [PAR] Covington refused to promote the song, not even appearing on Top Of The Pops. Tim Rice recalled in 1000 UK #1 Hits by Jon Kutner and Spencer Leigh: \"When the single began to show signs of being a hit, she got less and less interested in the project. She began to back away from it and began to feel it was a fascist plot, that we were exploiting the workers. I'm exaggerating a bit but she definitely disapproved of the success of 'Don't Cry For Me Argentina'.\" [PAR] The song has been a hit on three other occasions. A 1978 instrumental version by The Shadows reached #5 in the UK, Mike Flowers Pops took it to #30 in the UK in 1996 and Madonna's 1997 recording, which she sung it for the movie version peaked at #3 in the UK and #8 in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bolivian Independence \u2013 History of Bolivia | don Quijote Bolivian Independence \u2013 History of Bolivia | don Quijote [PAR] Read the Spanish version [PAR] Bolivian Independence, achieved after centuries of Spanish colonial rule, was a process that spanned more than 15 years, from 1809 to 1825, and involved numerous battles and countless deaths. The struggle for independence started locally and later Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre gave cohesiveness to fragmented and unorganized cause. Ultimately, this new and independent country, Bolivia, would get its name from the Simon Bolivar, the military and political leader that changed the course of Colonial South America. [PAR] Bolivia during the 18th century was known as Upper Peru and as was an autonomous region dependant on the Viceroyalty of Peru. Local government was the responsibility of the Royal Audience directed by a President. This Audience was known as the Audiencia de Charcas. As was the case in other places, the Spanish overseers were widely ignorant of the situation of the people and considered themselves superior to the indigenous people. It was not uncommon for these Oidores to make the people bow to them. [PAR] In 1776 a reorganization of territories was ordered by Spain and Upper Peru joined the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata against the wishes of the Viceroyalty of Peru\u2014which would stand to lose valuable natural resources and the money that would come with them. This would bitterly divide the relationship between these two regions. Further dividing the bases of power was the implementation of the intendancy system that subdivided the power of Viceroy and created internal power struggles between Intendants and Viceroys. [PAR] The South American Independence [PAR] At the start of the 19th century a perfecto storm of circumstances came together to fan the flames of independence in South America. In 1807, Napoleon invaded Spain in a quest to increase his empire. This created an enormous vacuum of power and oversight in South America permitting the independence movements to begin their fight in earnest while the Spanish Monarchy was distracted with its own problems back home. [PAR] The first wave of nationalist uprisings in Bolivia occurred in 1809, when the government juntas of Charcas and La Paz were formed as a reaction to the events in Spain\u2014the chaotic, almost anarchic, situation in Spain was duplicating itself in Bolivia. The junta in Charcas was created by the removal of the President, Ramon Garcia Leon de Pizarro, by the Audience because the Spanish Oidores suspected him of wanting to join with Portugal. The representatives of the Monarchy decided to convert Upper Peru into a junta that would remain loyal to Spain in spirit while isolating itself politically from the other surrounding regions including the Viceroyalty of Peru. In La Paz, the junta there was an effort to break free from Spanish rule altogether and wanting complete independence from any European power. These juntas ended up being short lived, however, and soon fell back under Spanish control thanks to the intervention of the Viceroy of Peru and the better equipped Royalists easily defeated the nationalists, who were lacking in money, resources and military experience. [PAR] The defeat of the juntas did not mark the end of the independence movement; they constituted an important part of the history of Bolivia. The juntas were able to promote and encourage the independence movement which was kept alive by a six guerrilla armies that formed away from the cities and took control of various regions of Bolivia. In 1810, these six breakaway regions would come to be known as republiquetas (little republics) and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 100 favourite fictional characters... as chosen by 100 ... The 100 favourite fictional characters... as chosen by 100 literary luminaries | The Independent [PAR] Features [PAR] The 100 favourite fictional characters... as chosen by 100 literary luminaries [PAR] To celebrate World Book Day, we asked the leading lights of British letters to name the characters who give them the greatest reading pleasure. Is your favourite among them? Interviews by Julia Stuart [PAR] Thursday 3 March 2005 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] William Brown [PAR] Chosen by Barbara Trapido (The Travelling Horn Player) [PAR] William is a child rebel in stifling suburbia. His instincts are against social climbing, pseudo-intellectualism and the humdrum. He has a flair for befriending eccentric outcasts, while cutting a swathe through village f\u00eates. [PAR] Flashman [PAR] Chosen by Terry Pratchett (the Discworld series) [PAR] Harry Flashman, that fictional reprobate - wenching and dodging his way through the major military engagements of the 19th century - is funnier, more honest and certainly less harmful than many of the real brave fools whose paths he double-crosses. You just can't help liking the amiable cad. [PAR] Pip [PAR] Chosen by Tim Lott (White City Blue) [PAR] Philip Pirrip (Pip), of Great Expectations, gripped me at the earliest age. Like him, I had hopes of escaping the loving, but limited, quotidian world that surrounded me. And, like Pip, I learnt to be ashamed of those good people that I loved and then bitterly ashamed of that shame. [PAR] Joe Gargery [PAR] Chosen by Maeve Binchy (Nights of Rain and Stars) [PAR] Joe Gargery in Charles Dickens's Great Expectations is so decent and so real that you always think you know him. Eager and ambitious for the poisonous Pip, Joe is humble and self-effacing. He makes me cry. [PAR] Miss Havisham [PAR] Chosen by John Burnside (The Good Neighbour) [PAR] There's nothing more attractive in a character than unshakeable obsession. I love Great Expectations' Miss Havisham because she won't remove that wedding dress, even as she recognises the random nature of her revenge. I was inconsolable when she vanishes into the flames. [PAR] Tintin [PAR] Chosen by Philip Pullman (His Dark Materials) [PAR] I like Tintin's blandness, his blankness, his lack of depth; he is an empty page on which adventures can be drawn. He is clearly a friendly and honourable chap; his dog is loyal, his friends dependably amusing, his way of life both comfortable and interesting. [PAR] Elizabeth Bennett [PAR] Chosen by Donna Leon (Blood from a Stone). [PAR] My favourite is Elizabeth Bennett, from Pride and Prejudice. Just put Lizzie next to Fanny Price ( Mansfield Park): Fanny will drone on about virtue; Lizzie will tell a joke. Fanny will praise the long sermons of her cousin, Edmund; Lizzie will make a provocative remark to Mr Darcy. Fanny will disapprove; Lizzie will laugh out loud. [PAR] Rupert Campbell-Black [PAR] Chosen by Tilly Bagshawe (Adored) [PAR] I spent most of my teens wishing Rupert (from Jilly Cooper's Riders) would stride into my parents' kitchen in dirty hunting boots and whisk me away. He's sexy, but with a little-boy vulnerability that makes you forgive him anything. [PAR] Anna Howe [PAR] Chosen by Matt Thorne (Cherry) [PAR] Even though Anna Howe (Clarissa's confidante in Samuel Richardson's great novel) doesn't always give the best advice, she takes an extraordinary interest in her friend's romantic life. I would love to have a friend who wrote such interesting letters. [PAR] Josef K [PAR] Chosen by James Hawes (Speak for England) [PAR] In The Trial, Kafka's master-trap is to make us"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Venezuela? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Venezuela? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Venezuela [PAR] The Capital City of Venezuela (officially named Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) is the city of Caracas. The population of Caracas in the year 2001 was 2,762,759. [PAR] Venezuela is a Spanish speaking country on the coasts of the Caribbean Sea. [PAR] Additional Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where the two oceans <i>really</i> meet - SouthAfrica.info Where the two oceans [PAR] Where the two oceans [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] 18 December 2007 [PAR] South Africa\u2019s Cape coast attracts thousands of local and international tourists each year to witness the Indian and Atlantic oceans splashing together \u2013 or so they believe. [PAR] Cape Point, an hour\u2019s drive from Cape Town, cashes in on the visitors who flock to witness this supposed natural phenomenon. An estimated 800 000 people a year visit its spectacular cliffs, lighthouses and \u201cTwo Oceans\u201d curio shops. [PAR] However, the residents of Cape Agulhas \u2013 over 100km east of Cape Point \u2013 insist that visitors wanting to see the confluence of the two oceans will have to travel a little further south \u2026 [PAR] Cape Agulhas residents want what they see as their rightful piece of the tourism pie \u2013 the town attracts about 250 000 tourists a year \u2013 arguing that visitors are tricked into believing the seas meet at Cape Point, and that the shops there trade under false pretences. [PAR] According to CapeInfo.com\u2019s Cape Agulhas web page , somebody did draw a line to demarcate where the Indian and Atlantic Oceans meet: the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO), which describes the western boundary of the Indian Ocean as follows: [PAR] From the coast of the Antarctic continent northwards, along the meridian of 20\u00ba E to Cape Agulhas (34\u00ba 50\u2019S \u2013 20\u00ba 00\u2019E), the southern extremity of the Republic of South Africa, in Africa (the common limit with the South Atlantic Ocean). [PAR] According to CapeInfo.com, this finding is accepted and applied by both the Hydrographic Office of the South African Navy and the Department of Oceanography at the University of Cape Town. [PAR] A common misunderstanding fuelling the controversy, argues the web site, is \u201cthe erroneous assumption that oceans and currents are synonymous\u201d. [PAR] The Indian Ocean, on the east, is warmed by the Mozambique or Agulhas Current which flows down from the tropics, while the Atlantic, on the west coast, is cooled by the icy Benguela Current which comes up from the Antarctic. [PAR] These two different oceans, the prevailing wind and the topography of South Africa combine to create lush forests and subtropical savanna on the east coast, gradually changing to desert or semi-desert on the west coast. [PAR] Says CapeInfo.com: \u201cThe Agulhas Current brings warm water from the subtropics down the east coast of South Africa. From the region of East London, because of the widening of the continental shelf, the current flows further offshore and the coastal waters become cooler. On the west coast, the water is chilled by the north-drifting, cold Benguela Current. When the wind blows the surface waters offshore, deep water, which is rich in nutrients, swells up to replace it. [PAR] \u201cThe changes in temperature along the coast bring about changes in marine life. One example, which is there for all to see, is the prolific kelp (Ecklonia maxima) forests which prefer the colder, nutrient-rich waters of the west coast.\u201d [PAR] These kelp forests, the web site argues, grow all the way along the west coast, past Cape Point in an easterly direction \u2013 only as far as Cape Agulhas. [PAR] \u201cThis fact supports the argument that the dividing line between the warm and cold waters is more often at Cape Agulhas than anywhere else \u2026 However, because of the effect of the south-easterly and north-westerly winds, the warm current can on occasion drift even as far as Cape Point.\u201d [PAR] What about the warmer temperature of the waters in False Bay, just"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Falklands War | History Wars Weapons Falklands War \u2013 History Wars Weapons [PAR] About [PAR] Falklands War [PAR] The Falklands War was a military conflict fought between Argentina and the United Kingdom, from April 2 to June 14, 1982, on the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic. It broke out when an Argentinian invading force of 600 men captured the islands during the early hours of April 2. The next day, a small Argentine military unit, composed of 65 marines also seized South Georgia Island. Although the British government had obtained secret information that the Argentines were planning to invade the islands, the British people were shocked and outraged, especially by the fact that the whole population on the Falklands are Anglo-Saxon English-speaking people, with British citizenship, who had been inhabiting the islands since 1833, and that no Argentine had ever been born there. Thus, the British public opinion regarded it as a total foreign aggression on British soil. [PAR] The man who decided to launch such an invasion was General Fortunato Galtieri, president of Argentina, and army commander who presided over the military junta that ruled the country. The reason for such an unexpected attack was to distract public attention from its domestic problems, such as unemployment, inflation, and growing budget deficit. At the time, the Prime Minister of Great Britain was the Conservative Margaret Thatcher, a single-minded woman of great determination and whom the Argentine military had underestimated. On April 5, two British aircraft carriers, the HSM Invincible and the HSM Hermes, set sail for the Falklands, leading 120 surface vessels and one nuclear submarine. [PAR] The first military encounters occurred before the British landed on the islands. On May 2, an Argentinian cruiser, the ARA General Belgrano, was sunk by the British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror, as it headed towards the islands; 323 Argentinian sailors got killed, and 700 rescued. On May 4, an Argentine Navy strike aircraft, a Super \u00c9tendard, launched a French-made Exocet missile and hit HMS Sheffield, a destroyer Type 42, which sank four days later. Two other British warships an one transport ship were struck and sunk by the Argentinian attack aircraft A4 Skyhawks and Super \u00cbtendard on May 21, 1982: the HMS Ardent, HMS Antelope, and the Atlantic Conveyor. However, the carrier-based British fighters, Sea Harriers, had begun their hunt for enemy aircraft, shooting down 36 enemy fighters, thus obtaining air superiority for the British fleet. As a result, the British 2 Para Battalion and the 45 Commando Royal Marines were able to land on the shore of San Carlos Bay, on the west coast of Eastern Falkland on May 21. They were followed by other units, such as the 42 Commando, 40 Commando, 3 Para, and Gurkha Rifles. [PAR] On May 28, the 2 Para men fought the first ground battle of the war, the Battle of Goose Green, in which the British had the difficult task of eliminating machine gun nests and pillboxes located on top hills. Having defeated the Argentines, the British paratroopers headed east, toward Port Stanley, the capital of the Falklands. Meanwhile, the Royal Marines defeated the Argentine Army infantry regiments 12, 4, and 6, and one marine battalion BIM 5 at the battles of Two Sisters, Mount Tumbledown, Mount Kent, Bluff Cove, and others. The British were professional soldiers highly trained during the Cold War to fight against Soviet troops in cold weather conditions. As a result, the cold and windy weather of the Falklands did not affect them as it affected the Argentine conscript soldiers who had only had 2 months of military training in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hugh Grant on prostitute charge - Telegraph Hugh Grant on prostitute charge - Telegraph [PAR] Hugh Grant on prostitute charge [PAR] By John Hiscock [PAR] 12:01AM BST 28 Jun 1995 [PAR] Hugh Grant, the British star of the film Four Weddings and a Funeral, was arrested in Hollywood yesterday and charged with indecent conduct with a prostitute in a public place after meeting her on Sunset Boulevard. [PAR] Grant, 34, whose girlfriend is Elizabeth Hurley, the actress, was arrested by vice squad police, who alleged that he drove up to a prostitute at about 1.30 am. [PAR] Officer Lorie Taylor, of Los Angeles Police, said: \"Grant was observed to drive a vehicle up to a prostitute and allow her to enter. They drove a short distance to a residential street and engaged in lewd conduct. [PAR] \"Vice officers walked up on the car and observed the act. Both the prostitute, described by police as a black woman named Divine Brown, 23, and Grant were taken into custody,\" said Officer Taylor. [PAR] Officer Cory Palka said Grant was \"extremely embarrassed\" when the two officers introduced themselves, but was \"very nice and very co-operative\". [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Seedy Hugh Grant shares love with Max Mosley [PAR] 04 Jun 2011 [PAR] Grant was released on bail. He and Brown, who was charged with soliciting, are due to to appear in court on July 18. [PAR] Eduardo Funes, a police spokesman, said that Grant would not have to appear. He could be represented by a lawyer. [PAR] \"It's a misdemeanour charge, which carries a custodial sentence,\" he said. \"You could be sent to jail for up to six months or have a $1,000 fine, or both. [PAR] \"It's up to the judge. It depends on whether there is a track record.\" [PAR] The area in which police allege that Grant stopped is a notorious haunt of prostitutes, both male and female. It is also heavily patrolled by undercover police. [PAR] After his arrest, he said: \"I did something completely insane. I have hurt people I love and embarrassed people I work with. For both things I am more sorry than I can say.\" [PAR] A friend of Grant's said last night: \"This all seems very odd. It doesn't seem at all like Hugh.\" [PAR] Grant, one of the film industry's most in-demand actors, is in Hollywood to promote his new film Nine Months, advertised on posters along Sunset Boulevard. [PAR] Yesterday's press conference about Nine Months was cancelled abruptly, although some journalists had flown in from as far away as Britain for it. [PAR] Grant, who read English at New College, Oxford, before becoming an actor, won the Hollywood Foreign Press Association's Golden Globe award this year for Four Weddings and a Funeral. [PAR] He was virtually unknown outside Britain until he was cast opposite Andie MacDowell in that film, which was nominated for an Academy Award for best picture. [PAR] Known for his beguiling smile and self-deprecating wit, Grant is now starring in The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain. [PAR] After minor roles in repertory, Grant wrote and performed in satirical revues before James Ivory, the film director, spotted him and cast him in Maurice, an adaptation of E M Forster's sombre novel about homosexual lovers. [PAR] He later appeared in Remains of the Day and Bitter Moon before being picked for Four Weddings and a Funeral, a low-budget production that turned out to be Britain's highest earning film and helped to turn him into an international star."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] USATODAY.com - Jackson calls hotel event a 'mistake' USATODAY.com - Jackson calls hotel event a 'mistake' [PAR] Posted 11/20/2002 4:50 AM Updated 11/20/2002 3:48 PM [PAR] BEYOND WORDS [PAR] Watch Michael Jackson baby episode [PAR] Jackson calls hotel event a 'mistake' [PAR] BERLIN (AP) \u0097 Media scolded Michael Jackson on Wednesday for endangering his young son by dangling him over a fourth-floor balcony railing at a Berlin hotel, with outraged British tabloids demanding an investigation of the star. [PAR] Michael Jackson holds his young son over a fourth-floor balcony railing in Berlin. [PAR] By Tobias Schwarz, Reuters [PAR] After video images of the squirming baby in a blue jumper shocked viewers in Europe and the United States, the reclusive pop legend issued a statement saying he made a \"terrible mistake\" by holding Prince Michael II aloft from a window 60 feet off the ground. [PAR] The boy's face was draped with a white cloth, which German newspapers reported was a precaution to protect his children from being kidnapped. [PAR] \"I got caught up in the excitement of the moment,\" Jackson's statement said. \"I would never intentionally endanger the lives of my children.\" [PAR] British tabloids were especially critical of Jackson. The Sun called him \"You lunatic\" and the Daily Mirror, \"Mad bad dad.\" In New York, the Daily News front page called Jackson \"Wacko!\" while the New York Post proclaimed \"Jacko goes over the edge.\" [PAR] \"The Berlin police should arrest this negligent father for reckless endangerment of his own child,\" the Mirror's show business editor, Kevin O'Sullivan, wrote. [PAR] Berlin prosecutors said they were not investigating the incident, although an inquiry could be opened if any complaint were filed against Jackson. [PAR] Jackson had plenty of supporters and appeared unfazed by the trans-Atlantic flap as he toured Berlin on Wednesday, taking two of his children, their faces covered with burgundy-colored scarves, to see gorillas at the Berlin Zoo. [PAR] At one point on the zoo tour, Jackson, protected by bodyguards, shielded his two children from photographers with a large, black umbrella. [PAR] He even dared to appear again at the same balcony window \u2014 this time with two smiling German children waving next to him. Young Prince Michael II, however, was no where to be seen. [PAR] Little is known about Jackson's youngest son, but People magazine reported in August that he was six months old and that he had not been adopted; however, no mother was identified. [PAR] The singer's 5-year-old son Prince Michael and 4-year-old daughter Paris were born during his marriage to Debbie Rowe, which ended in 1999. [PAR] While fans and friends alike said they could not imagine ever holding a child over a railing from such a height, they seemed to agree Jackson meant no harm. [PAR] \"He probably did it because he was overwhelmed emotionally by the fans,\" spoon-bending psychic and Jackson friend Uri Geller said in London. \"I think it was a silly thing to do.\" [PAR] Jackson came to Berlin to receive a Bambi entertainment lifetime achievement award Thursday, taking a break from California hearing on a lawsuit seeking damages for canceling two concerts. [PAR] On Wednesday night, the star attended a celebrity auction for homeless children, where a silver-studded jacket that he wore to receive the Artist of the Century title at last January's American Music Awards was sold for $16,000 to German songwriter Ralph Siegel. [PAR] \"I'm glad to be here,\" Jackson told the gathering of several hundred invited guests after he was greeted outside the downtown Adagio club by a crowd of fans shouting \"Michael!\" He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Winona Ryder reveals shoplifting arrest saved her | Daily ... Winona Ryder reveals shoplifting arrest saved her | Daily Mail Online [PAR] The world was shock when Winona Ryder was arrested for shoplifting, but for the actress, it was the start of something good. [PAR] When the face of Generation X was caught red-handed stealing from Saks Fifth Avenue many were blindsided. [PAR] But the actress has revealed to Interview Magazine that she had already started in a tail spin and the shameful event stopped her from crashing into the ground. [PAR] Natural ageing process: Winona Ryder has denied having plastic surgery in a new interview, insisting she is 'proud of the traffic on my forehead' [PAR] The 41-year-old has all but avoided addressing the 2001 incident that saw a very different Winona than we were used to seeing on camera stealing thousands of dollars of items - all of which she could have afforded to pay for - at the luxury store. [PAR] But she frankly opened up to the current issue of the magazine, which features her on its cover. [PAR] The Girl Interrupted star said, referring to the incident: 'That thing that happened, I was starting to have some trouble before that. [PAR] Caught on tape: In 2001 the actress was seen on security surveillance tape stealing thousands of dollars of items from Saks Fifth Avenue in Beverly Hills, California [PAR] 'I think a lot of people think that that is what sort of sent me off in another direction, but I was actually starting to have some trouble a few years before.' [PAR] With many fearing she was having a complete meltdown films distanced themselves from the star and job offers dried up. [PAR] Turning point: After being found guilty the actress decided to focus on her life outside Hollywood [PAR] 'I did come up against what felt like a wall. And with what happened \u2026 I really needed the time off, which ended up being a couple of years. [PAR] 'In a weird way, it was almost like the best thing that could have happened because I\u2019d never asked myself the question before of, ''Is it okay if I\u2019m not going to act? Is there anything else?'' because that was all that I really knew.' [PAR] The star - who stunned in the film noir inspired photo shoot - said she used the time to explore a world outside of Hollywood and focused on her relationships with friends and family. [PAR] 'There were all of these very interesting paths in life that I could explore \u2013 so I started to do that. [PAR] 'And then what happens is that you throw yourself into something else and you say, \u2018Oh my god, this other thing is what I want to do.\u2019 But then some time goes by and, for me, it was this realisation that I still love acting \u2013 and that I still wanted to do it.' [PAR] In the interview the actress also revealed she received a lot of negative feedback about her appearance from others in the industry when she started out. [PAR] 'I was in the middle of auditioning, and I was mid-sentence when the casting director said, \"Listen, kid. You should not be an actress. You are not pretty enough. You should go back to wherever you came from and you should go to school. You don't have it.''' [PAR] Simply stunning: Winona wears in a delicate black dress and sheer elbow length gloves in the shots for Interview magazine [PAR] 'I was around 15 or 16. But it's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mia Farrow - Biography - IMDb Mia Farrow - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Mia Farrow [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (58) | Personal Quotes (15) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 4\u00bc\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Mia Farrow was born in Los Angeles, California, to director John Farrow and actress and Tarzan-girl Maureen O'Sullivan . Her father was Australian-born (of English descent) and her mother was Irish-born (of Irish, Scottish, and English ancestry). [PAR] Farrow debuted at the movies in 1959 in very small roles. She was noticed for the first time in the film Rosemary's Baby (1968) by Roman Polanski . She showed her talent also on TV and at the theatre, but her final breakthrough was when she met Woody Allen and became his Muse after the film A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (1982). After that, Woody Allen wrote many other roles for her. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Volker Boehm [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Auditoned for the role of Liesl in The Sound of Music (1965). [PAR] Hit #111 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop charts with \"Lullaby from Rosemary's Baby\" in August of 1968. [PAR] The first American actress to be accepted as a member of London's prestigious Royal Shakespeare Company. [PAR] Her godparents were gossip columnist Louella Parsons and famed director George Cukor . [PAR] April 2002 - refused to co-operate with request that clips from some of her performances in Woody Allen films could be used for upcoming Turner Classic Movies tribute to the director, her ex-lover since infamous break-up in 1991. [PAR] Mia and her family live in huge rent-controlled apartment building right next door to Manhattan's legendary Dakota apartment house, which starred as the devilish locale in Rosemary's Baby (1968). Dakota is also the building where her friend, John Lennon , lived and in front of which he was shot to death. [PAR] Her mother attended private school with fellow actress Vivien Leigh , and Leigh gave Farrow's career a push when she made her off-Broadway debut playing Cecily in a New York revival of \"The Importance of Being Earnest\". Leigh put out personal phone calls to make sure that agents and casting directors saw the show. [PAR] She is a UNICEF Special Representative. [PAR] Daughter Mallone attends Bard College, class of 2007. [PAR] Was one of the bridesmaids when Liza Minnelli married David Gest in a lavish ceremony on March 16, 2002. [PAR] Her father was born in Australia, and had English ancestry. Her mother was born in Ireland, and had Irish, as well as Scottish and English, ancestry. [PAR] Was the voice of the Unicorn/Amalthia in the 1982 animated version of The Last Unicorn (1982) and will be portraying the Molly Grue character in the up coming live action remake set for 2006. [PAR] Contracted Polio at the age of nine. [PAR] Returned to the New York stage in September 2005 to appear off-Broadway in the play, \"Fran's Bed.\" Mia Farrow's performance was widely praised by NY critics. [PAR] Her former step-children, Frank Sinatra Jr. (b. 1944), and Nancy Sinatra (b. 1940) were older than her. [PAR] Elder brother Michael (born 1939) perished in a 1958 plane crash while taking flying lessons. [PAR] Father died when she was 17. [PAR] Is, to the day, 2 years younger than Joe Pesci . [PAR] Was featured on People's first published issue, March 4, 1974. [PAR] Was listed as a potential nominee on the 2007 Razzie Award nominating ballot. She was suggested in the Worst Supporting Actress category for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Hole Astrology \u2013 Profile of Roman Polanski \u2013 Alex ... Black Hole Astrology \u2013 Profile of Roman Polanski \u2013 Alex Miller \u2013 Daykeeper Journal \u2013 November 2009 Daykeeper Journal - Astrology, Consciousness and Transformation Daykeeper Journal [PAR] Profile: Roman Polanski [PAR] by Alex Miller on November 1, 2009 [PAR] On 26 September 2009, internationally known director Roman Polanski was arrested upon arrival at Switzerland\u2019s Zurich Airport, and detained as a fugitive from a 1977 sexual molestation and rape conviction in the US. [PAR] Polanski, director of such Hollywood classics as \u201cRosemary\u2019s Baby\u201d and \u201cChinatown,\u201d and Best Director Oscar winner for 2002\u2019s \u201cThe Pianist,\u201d had been technically on the run for over 30 years, living predominantly in France, the country of his birth, which does not extradite its citizens. But Polanski was a frequent global traveler, and maintained a residence in Switzerland, which he had visited many times before, prompting speculation about why action was taken at this juncture, after so many prior opportunities which were bypassed. [PAR] Polansky's Chinatown, 1974 [PAR] Born 18 August 1933 in Paris, son of Polish immigrants Bula and Ryszard Polanski, Roman and his family returned to Krakow when he was three, just before the outbreak of World War II. As Polish Jews, the family was incarcerated at concentration camps after the Nazis overran Poland; Polanksi\u2019s father survived Mauthausen-Gusen, but his mother died in Auschwitz. Roman evaded imprisonment with the help of Polish Catholic families (his mother had been born to a half-Jewish, half-Catholic family in Russian-controlled Poland) and remained in hiding until reunited with his father in Krakow after the war. [PAR] In the early \u201850s Polanski embarked on an acting career, and made his directorial debut in 1955 with the short film \u201cRower,\u201d now lost, a semi-autobiographical work set in the underground community of war-torn Krakow, in which he also starred. He received international notice with 1962\u2019s \u201cKnife in the Water,\u201d his first feature-length film, which received a \u201cBest Foreign Language Film\u201d Oscar nomination. Following this success, Polanski returned to his native France, and then England, attempting to expand his career, which he felt was stifled by communism in Poland. His most notable product from this period was 1967\u2019s \u201cThe Fearless Vampire Killers,\u201d a send-up of the genre which has since become a cult classic and been adapted into both a stage play and a musical. [PAR] Polanski co-starred with his future wife Sharon Tate, who was murdered two years later, when eight and a half months pregnant, by members of the Manson Family. The murder was devastating to Polanski, filming in London at the time; he has described his marriage to Tate as the happiest period of his life, and stated that her murder destroyed any residual sense of religious faith he may have harbored (Polanski\u2019s parents were agnostics but he converted to Catholicism during his years in hiding from the Nazis), reinforcing his sense of what he describes as \u201cfaith in the absurd.\u201d [PAR] In 1968 Polanski achieved major Hollywood and commercial success with \u201cRosemary\u2019s Baby,\u201d another cult classic starring Mia Farrow, and followed this with the most successful film of his career, 1974\u2019s \u201cChinatown,\u201d starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway. The film garnered 11 Academy Award nominations including a Best Director nod for Polanski, and won the award for Best Original Screenplay. The future seemed limitless for the young director, now barely 40, but events were about to take a major turn. [PAR] On March 10, 1977, Polanski seduced 13-year-old aspiring model Samantha Geimer during a photo shoot for French Vogue at actor Jack Nicholson\u2019s Los Angeles home"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] something about: Top 10 Hollywood Scandals something about: Top 10 Hollywood Scandals [PAR] Top 10 Hollywood Scandals [PAR] We count down the lurid, the sordid and the sad [PAR] by Kat Giantis [PAR] MSN Entertainment [PAR] Hollywood has always served up sordid stories filled with unsavory characters and plenty of sex and violence. And we're not talking about the movies. As long as there have been celebrities, there have been scandals. It seems there's nothing we love more than gorging on a star's public humiliation and pain. And, as Paris Hilton's much-downloaded boudoir romp proves, we're not terribly discriminating as to whose fall from grace we witness. [PAR] What's our obsession with watching the rich and famous crash and burn? Maybe we like seeing the curtain ripped back from a celebrity's carefully crafted public image. Or maybe it's just plain old schadenfreude: When a star suffers, it makes us feel better about our own less-than-fabulous lives. [PAR] With the media's current crush of coverage for Hilton and Michael Jackson, it seems like a good time to examine the biggest Hollywood scandals ever (sorry O.J. and Monica -- these are celebrity scandals). Below are 10 big names whose troubles grabbed headlines, changed the pop-culture landscape, and brought out the voyeur in us all... [PAR] 10. Rob Lowe Makes a Home Movie [PAR] Long before Paris Hilton burned up computer monitors and Pam and Tommy got busy on their boat (and car, and just about everywhere else), there was Rob Lowe. Back in 1988 at the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, the then 25-year-old pretty boy Brat Packer was feeling frisky, so he invited two girls (one only 16) back to his hotel room. After committing their carnal acts to video, Lowe disappeared into the bathroom, and the two women disappeared with the tape and some money. A portion of the graphic video was leaked to the press (it wasn't Rob's finest performance), sparking a tabloid feeding frenzy that kept him under constant media surveillance. The actor eventually settled with the teen and he escaped charges of sexual misconduct with a minor by performing 20 hours of community service. His career rebounded, and the politically minded former pinup landed roles on both \"The West Wing\" and Governor Schwarzenegger's staff. Now a married father of two, Lowe and his notorious videotaped exploits received new publicity when police found a copy during a raid on the home of Paul \"Pee-Wee Herman\" Reubens. [PAR] 9. Hugh Grant Is Caught in Flagrante Delicto [PAR] Before his fateful encounter with hooker Divine Brown in June 1995, Hugh Grant was best known as the stammering, floppy-haired charmer from \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\" and the devoted beau of cleavage-baring starlet Elizabeth Hurley. That image disappeared the night he drove to a seedy part of Sunset Boulevard and picked up Brown. Within minutes, the pair was arrested for engaging in a lewd act (said act cost Grant $60). When police told Brown who her client was (he had called himself \"Lewis\"), she responded, \"Who the hell is Hugh Grant?\" Before long, everyone knew who the hell he was. The publicity was immediate and intense, especially in the actor's native Britain (blasted London's Sun tabloid, \"You've Blown It, Hugh!\"). Grant, upper lip stiff, decided to go forward with planned interviews to promote \"Nine Months.\" First up was \"The Tonight Show\" with Jay Leno, who opened with, \"What the hell were you thinking?\" Grant's disarming response: \"I did a bad thing, and there you have it.\" His witty and charming talk-show mea culpas provided public absolution, and he walked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scandal and Adversity - The Official Ingrid Bergman Web Site The Official Ingrid Bergman Web Site [PAR] Biography - Page 3 [PAR] Scandal and Adversity [PAR] In 1949, Ingrid wrote a fan letter to Italian director Roberto Rossellini, expressing her desire to work in one of his films. He responded by writing a part for her in his 1949 film \"Stromboli.\" During the production of this film, Ingrid and Rossellini began an affair that would change her previous wholesome image forever and cause her to lose many fans in America. Ingrid was still married to Petter Lindstrom at the time, although their marriage had not been happy for many years. Rossellini was still married to another woman as well, although they were separated. Ingrid became pregnant, and she and Rossellini sought divorces from their respective spouses so they could marry each other. Ingrid gave birth to a son, Roberto, before the couple were married in 1950. Moralists and fans in America expressed outrage at this seeming downfall of their former idol and denounced her as immoral. Although her marriage had been unhappy for quite some time, the public had only seen Ingrid's saintly image before, and balked at the revelation of her affair. United States Senator Edwin C. Johnson of Colorado even criticized Ingrid, condemning her publicly as \"a powerful influence for evil.\" [PAR] Ingrid lived in Italy with Rossellini, away from America's outrage, and made five movies with him between 1950 and 1955. Among these films was \"Europa '51\" in 1952, which was released the same year she bore twin daughters, Isabella, who later became a famous model and actress, and Isotta. Ingrid did not work with any filmmakers besides her husband until 1956, when she made the film \"Elena et les hommes\" with French director Jean Renoir. This film began to resurrect her career in the eyes of international audiences, although she had enjoyed success in Italy with her Rossellini films. [PAR] The Triumphant Return [PAR] Ingrid returned to Hollywood in 1956 to star in \"Anastasia\" and her marriage to Rossellini ended months later in 1957. This return to Hollywood further rejuvenated her career, and Ingrid began to regain much of her former popularity in America, in addition to winning another Oscar for Best Actress for \"Anastasia.\" Around this time she also married Lars Schmidt, a theatrical producer from Sweden. [PAR] Over the next decade, Ingrid worked in films, television and on the stage. She won an Emmy in 1959 for the television miniseries adaptation of Henry James's \"The Turn of the Screw\". She made her London theater debut in 1965 with the play \"A Month in the Country.\" Ingrid also starred in the play \"More Stately Mansions\" back in the States in 1967. [PAR] In 1974, Ingrid won a Best Actress in a Supporting Role Oscar for \"Murder on the Orient Express.\" In the years since her separation from Rossellini, Ingrid had regained much of her previous adoration from her American fans. Her career was coming to a close, however. In 1975, in the same year she divorced third husband Lars Schmidt, Ingrid found out that she had breast cancer. Despite her failing health she continued to work and completed her last film, Ingmar Bergman's \"Autumn Sonata,\" in 1978. [PAR] Ingrid's last acting role was in the 1982 television miniseries \"A Woman Called Golda,\" in which she portrayed Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, a role that won her both an Emmy and a Golden Globe. Then, on August 29, 1982, on her 67th birthday, Ingrid lost her seven-year battle with cancer, and died in her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rob Lowe | Wiki & Bio | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ... Rob Lowe | Wiki & Bio | \ud83d\udc64 Everipedia [PAR] On television, Lowe played Sam Seaborn on The West Wing , Senator Robert McCallister on Brothers & Sisters , and Chris Traeger in Parks and Recreation . 2013 saw him portray both Dr. Jack Starz in the HBO television film Behind the Candelabra [2] and President John F. Kennedy in the National Geographic Channel television film Killing Kennedy . In 2014, he began appearing in a series of DirecTV commercials. From 2015 to 2016, he starred alongside Fred Savage in The Grinder on FOX . [PAR] In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing, [3] Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors. [4] [PAR] Early life [PAR] Lowe was born in Charlottesville, Virginia , the son of Barbara Lynn (n\u00e9e Hepler; 1939-2003), a schoolteacher and native of Ohio, and Charles Davis Lowe, a trial lawyer. [5] His parents divorced when Lowe and his younger brother, actor Chad , were very young. Lowe also has two half-brothers. Because of a virus during infancy, he is deaf in his right ear (he later played a deaf character in Stephen King 's The Stand ). [PAR] Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. [6] He is of German, English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. On the show Who Do You Think You Are? , Lowe found out that one of his ancestors was a Hessian mercenary soldier. His ancestor was fighting under the command of Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall and was captured at the American Victory at Trenton, New Jersey on the morning of December 26, 1776. As an American POW, his ancestor, Christopher East, was given a choice, and took the option to stay in the USA. [7] [PAR] Lowe was raised in a \"traditional midwestern setting\" [6] in Dayton, Ohio , attending Oakwood Junior High School, before moving to the Point Dume area of Malibu, California , with his mother and brother. [8] [9] [PAR] Lowe attended Santa Monica High School , the same high school as fellow actors Emilio Estevez , Charlie Sheen , Robert Downey, Jr. , Sean Penn , and Chris Penn . [10] [PAR] Career [PAR] One of Lowe's earliest roles came in the 1983 TV film Thursday's Child , for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. His breakthrough role was his big screen debut in 1983, when he and Emilio Estevez were cast in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Outsiders . Lowe played the role of Sodapop Curtis, the brother of the main character Ponyboy Curtis ( C. Thomas Howell ) and Darrel Curtis ( Patrick Swayze ). Lowe and Estevez reunited in St. Elmo's Fire , making them the two more prominent actors from the group known as the Brat Pack . About Last Night... followed, with Demi Moore (who had starred alongside Lowe in St. Elmo's Fire). He then received his second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the mentally disabled Rory in Square Dance (1987). In August, 1987 he performed on stage, playing Baron Tusenbach in Chekov's The Three Sisters at The Williamstown Theatre Festival. He recalled meeting Paul Newman there, and that the older actor encouraged him to work in the theater, in 1993 when filming a British TV production of the Tennessee Williams play"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear - Khan Academy Van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear (article) | Khan Academy [PAR] Van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear [PAR] Email [PAR] The artist's face and bandaged ear (detail), Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear, 1889, oil on canvas, 60 x 49 cm (Courtauld Galleries, London) [PAR] The artist's face and bandaged ear (detail), Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear, 1889, oil on canvas, 60 x 49 cm (Courtauld Galleries, London) [PAR] The unfortunate man [PAR] The following report appeared in the Arles journal Le Forum Republicain on December 30, 1888: [PAR] Last Sunday, at 11:30 in the evening, Vincent Vaugogh [sic], a painter of Dutch origin, called at the Brothel No. 1, asked for a woman called Rachel and handed her \u2026 his ear, saying: 'Guard this object with your life'. Then he disappeared. When informed of the action, which could only be that of a pitiful madman, the police went the next day to his house and discovered him lying on his bed apparently at the point of death. The unfortunate man has been rushed to hospital. [PAR] Accounts of what took place that night vary. Whatever the exact circumstances, though, whatever underlying motivations could have compelled van Gogh to do it, the episode effectively put an end to one of the most famous working relationships in the history of art, as Paul Gauguin boarded the train to Paris the next day. [PAR] For nine weeks they had lived together sharing lodgings in the Yellow House, just outside the old town walls of Arles in the South of France, spurring each other on as collaborators and as rivals too. The dream had been to set up \u201ca studio in the South,\u201d as van Gogh put it, a community of artists, with himself and Gauguin, the founding fathers, all working in harmony with nature and, as he hoped, with each other. [PAR] A brave face? [PAR] The painting, completed two weeks after the event, is often read as a farewell to that dream. For Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith, the most recent biographers of the artist, however, the portrait was first and foremost a plea to van Gogh\u2019s doctors. [PAR] Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear, 1889, oil on canvas, 60 x 49 cm (Courtauld Galleries, London) [PAR] Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear, 1889, oil on canvas, 60 x 49 cm (Courtauld Galleries, London) [PAR] It shows the artist in three-quarter profile standing in a room in the Yellow House wearing a closed coat and a fur cap. His right ear is bandaged. It was in fact his left ear that was bandaged, the painting being a mirror image. To his right is an easel with a canvas on it. Barely visible, a faint outline underneath reveals what looks to be a still-life which appears to have been painted over. The top of the easel has been cropped by the edge of the canvas and the sitter's hat so as to form a fork-like shape. To his left is a blue framed window, and partly obscured by the gaunt ridge of his cheek, a Japanese woodblock print shows two geishas in a landscape with Mount Fuji in the background. [PAR] Naifeh and White Smith argue that van Gogh, following his release from hospital, was anxious to persuade his doctors that he was indeed perfectly fit and able to take care of himself and that, despite his momentary lapse, it would not be necessary for them to have him committed, as had been suggested, to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scaphoid Bone Anatomy, Definition & Area | Body Maps Scaphoid Bone Anatomy, Definition & Area | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Scaphoid [PAR] The scaphoid is a carpal bone in the wrist. It sits on the radial or lateral side of the wrist near the thumb. It is the largest bone in the wrist's proximal row. Lunate, triquetral, and pisiform are the remaining bones in the proximal row. Trapezium, trapezoid, capitates, and hamate are bones in the distal row. This bone has several distinct surfaces: superior, inferior, dorsal, volar, lateral, medial, and distal convex. The superior and inferior surfaces are smooth and convex. The dorsal surface is narrow and rough, accommodating ligament attachment. The volar surface is concave on top with an elevated and rounded lateral end attaching to the transverse carpal ligament. The lateral surface is narrow and rough, attaching to the wrist's radial collateral ligament. The medial surface has two articular facets. One is smaller and flat. The other is larger and concave. Scaphoid fractures are common injuries in vehicular accidents and sports-related injuries. These fractures typically occur when the body falls on an outstretched wrist. Sixty percent of all carpal fractures are scaphoid related."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How does hepatitis affect the body? - Hepatitis - Sharecare How does hepatitis affect the body? - Hepatitis - Sharecare [PAR] How does hepatitis affect the body? [PAR] Topics | Infectious Disease | Hepatitis | How does hepatitis affect the body? [PAR] A Answers (1) [PAR] A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered [PAR] Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. An inflamed liver can affect people in different ways, causing a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Hepatitis A rarely has long-term effects on the body. People with hepatitis A, B, or C may not have early symptoms. However, chronic hepatitis C is the more severe of the hepatitis viruses and a leading cause of liver cancer. Hepatitis can affect the liver's bile production, causing a buildup of yellow-green pigment in the bloodstream, which causes a yellowing of the skin and/or eyes. [PAR] Helpful? 3 people found this helpful. [PAR] This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. [PAR] Videos (6)[DOC] [TLE] How Hepatitis C Affects Your Body - Healthline Effects of Hepatitis C on the Body [PAR] Musty Mouth [PAR] Skin and Eyes [PAR] Hepatitis C is a viral disease that primarily causes inflammation of the liver, but the effects can be felt throughout the body. [PAR] The Effects of Hepatitis C on the Body [PAR] Hepatitis C is caused by a virus that is passed through contact with the blood of an infected person. The infection leads to inflammation of the liver. [PAR] The liver processes blood and filter toxins so they don\u2019t cause damage to your body. The liver also produces bile, which helps you to digest food and stores glucose and vitamins. Inflammation makes it difficult for the liver to perform these vital functions. In time, the hepatitis C infection can affect the entire body. [PAR] Early symptoms, including yellowing skin and fatigue, may be mild and easily dismissed. Chronic infection can cause scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). As the disease progresses, symptoms such as skin problems, blood disorders, and fever may appear. [PAR] In the long term, hepatitis C can lead to severe liver damage, liver cancer, and liver failure. Early treatment can help delay or prevent serious damage. [PAR] Digestive System [PAR] A healthy liver performs many functions that are crucial to your health. The liver is responsible for producing bile, a substance needed to break down fats. The body stores bile in the gallbladder, then sends it to the beginning section of the small intestine (duodenum). Bile is then combined with stomach acids and digestive fluids from the pancreas, which help the intestines absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. [PAR] Hepatitis C can severely hinder the liver\u2019s ability to produce bile. Inflammation of the gallbladder can make it painful to digest fatty foods. Therefore, people with hepatitis C may feel some pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen. This may be due to a build-up of fluid in the stomach (ascites). This occurs when the damaged liver doesn\u2019t produce enough albumin, a substance that regulates the amount of fluid in cells. [PAR] Other digestive symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Stool may become pale or clay-colored, and urine may darken. [PAR] Central Nervous System [PAR] When the liver doesn\u2019t filter toxins from the blood, they can damage the central nervous system (hepatic encephalopathy). This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell? - eNotes How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell? | eNotes [PAR] How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell? [PAR] lynn30k | High School Teacher | (Level 1) Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] May 30, 2012 at 3:06 PM [PAR] I have to correct the first answerer--the \"normal\" number of 46 chromosomes is the DIPLOID number, not the haploid. In egg and sperm cells, half the number is present, and this is known as the haploid number. [PAR] In some individuals, the diploid number is off; this is known as either a monosomy (only one of the usual pair is present), or a trisomy (3 copies, instead of two). The most well-known trisomy is Trisomy 21--3 copies of the 21st pair, otherwise known as Down Syndrome. This is not always obvious simply from counting chromosomes in a karyotype, as the extra material can be attached to another chromosome. Extra/missing X or Y chromosomes are other common genetic mistakes. [PAR] like 18 dislike 1 [PAR] sanjeetmanna | College Teacher | (Level 3) Assistant Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] There are 46 chromosomes that is 23 pairs of chromosomes that is 22 pair of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. [PAR] like 9 dislike 0 [PAR] aimeevd | (Level 1) Adjunct Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] January 12, 2013 at 10:36 PM [PAR] 23 pairs of chromosomes, which results in 46 chromosomes. 22 of the pairs are automsomes, while 1 pair in the sex chromosomes (which XX results in a female and XY results in a male). [PAR] I would like to clarify that sometimes people can have more or less than 46 chromosomes is not due to mutation, but rather nondisjunction. Basically it is caused by improper division of chromosomes during meiosis. The only time someone can survive from nondisjunction (result in a vilable baby) is when the person has an extra chromosomes 21, or an extra sex chromosomes. Also one may survive with only 1 X chromosome or missing part of chromosome 5. [PAR] Extra chromosome 21: Down Syndrome [PAR] Missing a partial Chromosome 5: Cri du chat Syndrome (aka Cat's Cry) [PAR] XXX: Tripe X Syndrome [PAR] June 14, 2012 at 10:53 AM [PAR] There are 22 pairs of autosomes( chromosomes which are responsible for any feature in the body other than sex determination) and 1 pair of allosomes or sex chromosomes( wwhich determines the sex of an individual). Therefore there is a total of 23 pairs of chromosome in a human body cell. [PAR] However the human gametes formed by meiosis have haploid number of chromosomes i.e. they have only 23 chromosomes instead of 46; so that after fertilization the zygote has 23 pairs of chromosome(23 from the sperm and 23 from the ovum). [PAR] like 10 dislike 0[DOC] [TLE] How many chromosomes do people have? - Genetics Home Reference How many chromosomes do people have? - Genetics Home Reference [PAR] How many chromosomes do people have? [PAR] How many chromosomes do people have? [PAR] In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. [PAR] The 22 autosomes are numbered by size. The other two chromosomes, X and Y, are the sex chromosomes. This picture of the human chromosomes lined up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spine Curvature Disorders: Lordosis, Kyphosis ... - WebMD Spine Curvature Disorders: Lordosis, Kyphosis, Scoliosis, and More [PAR] What are the types of spine curvature disorders? [PAR] There are three main types of spine curvature disorders, including: [PAR] Lordosis. Also called swayback, the spine of a person with lordosis curves significantly inward at the lower back. [PAR] Kyphosis. Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back (more than 50 degrees of curvature). [PAR] Scoliosis. A person with scoliosis has a sideways curve to their spine. The curve is often S-shaped or C-shaped. [PAR] What causes spine curvature disorders? [PAR] There are a number of health problems that may cause the spine to curve more than normal or be misaligned. [PAR] The following conditions can cause lordosis: [PAR] Achondroplasia . A disorder in which bones do not grow normally, resulting in the short stature associated with dwarfism [PAR] Spondylolisthesis. A condition in which a vertebrae, usually in the lower back, slips forward [PAR] Osteoporosis , a condition in which vertebrae become fragile and can be easily broken ( compression fractures )[DOC] [TLE] Kyphosis: Get Facts on Surgery and Treatment - MedicineNet What Is Kyphosis? Definition, Symptoms, & Treatment [PAR] Medical Author: Jason C. Eck, DO, MS [PAR] Jason C. Eck, DO, MS [PAR] Dr. Eck received a Bachelor of Science degree from the Catholic University of America in Biomedical Engineering, followed by a Master of Science degree in Biomedical Engineering from Marquette University. Following this he worked as a research engineer conducting spine biomechanics research. He then attended medical school at University of Health Sciences. He is board eligible in orthopaedic surgery. [PAR] Medical Editor: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR [PAR] William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR [PAR] Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology. [PAR] There are three main types of kyphosis: postural, Scheuermann's, and congenital. [PAR] Most cases of kyphosis do not require any treatment. [PAR] Physical therapy and exercise are often effective in postural and Scheuermann's kyphosis. [PAR] Surgery is recommended for congenital kyphosis and more severe cases of Scheuermann's kyphosis. [PAR] What is kyphosis? [PAR] The spine has a series of normal curves when viewed from the side. These curves help to better absorb the loads applied to the spine from the weight of the body. The cervical spine (neck) and lumbar spine (lower back) are have a normal inward curvature that is medically referred to as lordosisor \"lordotic\" curvature by which the spine is bent backward. The thoracic spine (upper back) has a normal outward curvature that is medically referred to as kyphosis or the \"kyphotic\" curve by which the spine is bent forward. In this discussion, the term kyphosis will be used to discuss abnormal kyphosis. [PAR] The spine is normally straight when looking from the front. An abnormal curve when viewed from the front is called scoliosis . Scoliosis can occur from bony abnormalities of the spine at birth, growth abnormalities especially with adolescence, degenerative spinal changes in adulthood, or abnormal twisting of the vertebrae because of muscle spasm after an injury. [PAR] The normal curves of the spine allow the head to be balanced directly over the pelvis. If one or more of these curves is either too great or too small, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Muscles Work | HowStuffWorks How Muscles Work | HowStuffWorks [PAR] How Muscles Work [PAR] Muscles of the human body [PAR] Photo courtesy National Library of Medicine [PAR] Muscles are one of those things that most of us take completely for granted, but they are incredibly important for two key reasons: [PAR] Muscles are the \"engine\" that your body uses to propel itself. Although they work differently than a car engine or an electric motor , muscles do the same thing -- they turn energy into motion. [PAR] It would be impossible for you to do anything without your muscles. Absolutely everything that you conceive of with your brain is expressed as muscular motion. The only ways for you to express an idea are with the muscles of your larynx, mouth and tongue (spoken words), with the muscles of your fingers (written words or \"talking with your hands\") or with the skeletal muscles (body language, dancing, running, building or fighting, to name a few). [PAR] \u00adBecause muscles are so crucial to any animal, they are incredibly sophisticated. They are efficient at turning fuel into motion, they are long-lasting, they are self-healing and they are able to grow stronger with practice. They do everything from allowing you to walk to keeping your blood flowing! [PAR] Up Next [PAR] How Bones Work [PAR] \u00adWhen most people think of \"muscles,\" they think about the muscles that we can see. For example, most of us know about the biceps muscles in our arms. But there are three unique kinds of muscle in any mammal's body: [PAR] Skeletal muscle is the type of muscle that we can see and feel. When a body builder works out to increase muscle mass, skeletal muscle is what is being exercised . Skeletal muscles attach to the skeleton and come in pairs -- one muscle to move the bone in one direction and another to move it back the other way. These muscles usually contract voluntarily, meaning that you think about contracting them and your nervous system tells them to do so. They can do a short, single contraction (twitch) or a long, sustained contraction (tetanus). [PAR] Smooth muscle is found in your digestive system, blood vessels, bladder, airways and, in a female , the uterus. Smooth muscle has the ability to stretch and maintain tension for long periods of time. It contracts involuntarily, meaning that you do not have to think about contracting it because your nervous system controls it automatically. For example, your stomach and intestines do their muscular thing all day long, and, for the most part, you never know what's going on in there. [PAR] Cardiac muscle is found only in your heart, and its big features are endurance and consistency. It can stretch in a limited way, like smooth muscle, and contract with the force of a skeletal muscle. It is a twitch muscle only and contracts involuntarily. [PAR] In this article, we will look at the different types of muscles in your body and the amazing technology that allows them to work so well. From here on, we will focus on skeletal muscle. The basic molecular processes are the same in all three types."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Homer Simpson - Wikisimpsons, the Simpsons Wiki Homer Simpson - Wikisimpsons, the Simpsons Wiki [PAR] Homer Simpson [PAR] \"This is the last time I take you kids to the [insert location here]!\" [PAR] \u2015Homer's catchphrase in the Ullman Shorts. [PAR] Homer Jay Simpson [PAR] Artwork of Homer by Matt Groening [PAR] Character Information [PAR] For more info, see Simpson family [PAR] First Appearance: [PAR] v \u2022 d \u2022 e \u2022 h [PAR] Homer Jay Simpson, formerly known as Max Power, [2] is the father of the Simpson family. He is an overweight, lazy, and ignorant individual, but is strongly devoted to his wife and children. His behavior is often stupid, absurd, selfish, dangerous, clumsy, idiotic, and insensitive. Despite this and his below average intelligence, he has shown moments of great intellect, and can be a caring parent and husband at times. [PAR] Homer works as a low level safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant , in Sector 7G , although he is often incompetent and mostly sleeps on duty and eats donuts provided. He spends a great deal of his time at Moe's Tavern with his lifelong friends Barney , Carl , Lenny , and bartender Moe . At home he can often be found sitting on the sofa mindlessly watching television while snacking on food and drinking Duff . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Artwork of Homer from season 24 . [PAR] History [PAR] Homer's 4th Grade Report Card. [PAR] Homer's 4th grade class taught by Mrs. Harvell . [PAR] Homer in his late teens. [PAR] 1950s [PAR] Homer Jay Simpson was born as the third child of Abraham Simpson , and the first (and only) child of Mona Simpson on May 12, 1952. He was raised on the Simpsons farm by his parents until they were forced to move out due to Homer spooking the cows by jumping out of a bale of hay and scaring them into giving sour milk. At some point during his childhood, Abe seemed to feed beer to Homer Simpson, but he quit drinking beer until he was older upon Barney's suggestion after he caused a multi-car pileup in his playschool car. [PAR] 1960s [PAR] In 1960, Homer experimented to see if he could push fifteen crayons into his nose, which resulted in one being lodged into his brain and being responsible for his current below-average intelligence. In the late 1960s, while Homer was between nine and twelve years of age, Mona went into hiding following a run-in with the law. However, before she started protesting, she took Homer and her husband to the Woodstock Music Festival, where Homer ended up briefly adopting the Hippie lifestyle (and Abe Simpson attempted to send him off to the Vietname War as punishment for wanting to be a Hippie). In 1966, Homer, along with Lenny, Carl, and Moe Syszlak, went over to a deep gorge for a nice swim, but the water was drained. When investigating why the lake was reduced to a muddy pit, he stumbled upon a decomposing corpse inside the pipe, greatly traumatizing him and leading to his occasional overeating. [PAR] 1970s [PAR] Homer attended Springfield High School and fell in love with Marge Bouvier in 1974. [7] After high school, Homer and Marge bought an apartment at Springfield Place. During this time, Marge gets a letter accepting her into college. To pay for her tuition, Abe gives him a job at Simpson Lazer Tag as well as this, along with Lou Lenny and Carl, Homer is part of a barbershop quartet. When Marge becomes infatuated by her professor, Homer changes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spike and Chester - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia Spike and Chester | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Chester and Spike [PAR] Spike the Bulldog and Chester the Terrier are animated cartoon characters in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. Spike is a burly, gray bulldog who wears a red sweater, a brown bowler hat, and a perpetual scowl. Chester is the exact opposite, small and jumpy with yellow fur and brown, perky ears. [PAR] The characters starred in only two shorts, both directed by animator Friz Freleng and having the same concept. [PAR] The first of these cartoon films was 1952's Tree for Two . In it, Chester tells his idol Spike that he knows of a cat that they can beat up. The cat is Freleng's own Sylvester , but every time Spike thinks he has the cat cornered, a runaway zoo black panther appears in Sylvester's place, thrashing the dog instead. When Chester decides to have a go of it, however, Sylvester finds himself at the little dog's mercy. By the cartoon's end, Spike and Chester have switched roles; Spike is the fawning sycophant, and Chester the smug prizefighter. [PAR] The characters' second outing came in the 1954 film Dr. Jerkyl's Hide . Spike (here called \"Alfie\" and having a different accent) is once again after Sylvester, only this time it is Sylvester himself who pummels the poor pooch, thanks to a potion that transforms him into a feline monster. Chester, of course, never sees this transformed Sylvester, thinking his buddy is being beaten by the tiny tomcat. The final loss of face for Alfie is his being thrashed by a fly that has also been affected by the potion, as it occurs in front of Chester's eyes. Like the previous cartoon, Spike and Chester have switched roles at the end; Spike is the fawning sycophant, and Chester the smug prizefighter. [PAR] In both of these cartoons, Spike is performed by voice actor Mel Blanc , and Chester is performed by Stan Freberg . In modern Warner Bros. media, Spike's voice is provided by Joe Alaskey , [PAR] They also had a cameo in Space Jam as doctors taking in a flattened Stan Podolak to the hospital. They also cameo in Looney Tunes: Back in Action. [PAR] Another bulldog character appeared in other cartoons with Sylvester and Tweety, but this character is not Spike; he is officially known as Hector the Bulldog . Several Tom and Jerry cartoons produced by MGM also featured a character named Spike the Bulldog (and his son, Tyke). This is another character, unrelated to the Spike used by Freleng."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mortimer Mouse - Disney Wiki - Wikia Mortimer Mouse | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015Mortimer [src] [PAR] Mortimer Mouse is the longtime rival of Mickey Mouse . He is an obnoxious and arrogant rat who openly berates Mickey and tries to steal Minnie Mouse from him. [PAR] Mortimer first appeared in the Mickey short Mickey's Rival and has been battling Mickey for Minnie's affections ever since. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Personality [PAR] Mortimer is said to be Minnie's ex-boyfriend and she possibly left him due to his nature. He is very arrogant and rude, the total opposite of his rival. While he claims he loves Minnie very much, he shows to be incredibly selfish as seen in the cartoon, Mickey's Rival , where he leaves Minnie to be attacked by a bull that he provoked. Not only that, he attempts to flirt with any female character on screen which might also indicate the reason the relationship between him and Minnie was abolished. Also, Mortimer can be rather sexist as seen in Mickey's Rival Returns where he feels that Minnie is only a prize to be won. [PAR] Interestingly, a different side of Mortimer was showcased in the cartoon, Mickey's Mix-Up , where Mickey accidentally sent a heartwarming fax to Mortimer (which was actually meant for Minnie) having Mortimer believe Mickey wanted to make amends, which he immediately agreed to. This shows that, perhaps, Mortimer does hold a softer side, and wouldn't mind becoming friends with Mickey if the latter also wanted to let bygones be bygones. However, this softer side was never revealed again, due to either Mickey revealing the truth about the mix up, infuriating Mortimer, or more likely because the entire thing was used as a comical gag. [PAR] Aside from his cocky and sexist attitude, Mortimer proves to be, time and time again, rather intelligent and crafty. On many occasions, he's managed to manipulate Mickey into a scheme that'd end in the downfall of his relationship with Minnie. For instance, in Big House Mickey , Mortimer managed to fool the town's government into arresting Mickey. In House of Mouse episode, Mickey and the Culture Clash , he manipulated Mickey into believing Minnie desires a more sophisticated boyfriend, resulting in the mouse changing his persona to the point where Minnie believes he's out of her league, leaving her in the hands of Mortimer. Mortimer has one catchphrase, \"Ha-cha-cha,\" which he says in Mickey Mouse Works and House of Mouse . In some of the comics he says it differently; \"Hot-Cha-Cha.\" [PAR] Physical appearance [PAR] Mortimer is essentially a taller version of Mickey, and seems a bit more human-like. Unlike his rival, Mortimer has whiskers, perhaps referencing how he has a ratlike persona. He has feet the size of Goofy's. Unlike most of the other mouse characters, however, you can see two large teeth close together, like a rat. He is usually wearing jeans and a shirt, but sometimes he also wears a hat. [PAR] History [PAR] When Walt Disney was in the process of creating Mickey Mouse , he suggested the name of his new character to be Mortimer Mouse. However, his wife, Lillian Disney , felt the name sounded too pompous, and suggested naming him Mickey, instead. Years later, when developing a new short, the name Mortimer was put to use for a new character, an antagonistic rival of Mickey's for Minnie's affections. [PAR] Mortimer as he appeared in his animated debut Mickey's Rival. [PAR] In his first appearance, Mickey's Rival , Mortimer was driving by and notice Mickey and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dark Legacy Chapter Four: Stranger in my Bed, a heroes ... Dark Legacy Chapter Four: Stranger in my Bed, a heroes fanfic | FanFiction [PAR] Chapter Four: Stranger in my Bed [PAR] Fear and panic in the air [PAR] I want to be free [PAR] From desolation and despair [PAR] And I feel like everything I saw [PAR] Is being swept away [PAR] When I refuse to let you go [PAR] \"Map of the problematique,\" Muse [PAR] Long Island, New York [PAR] May 2009 [PAR] This was a night of miracles and wonders. One of them \u2013 in Peter's opinion, maybe not the smallest one \u2013 was that Claire's tiny Rabbit soldiered on in spite of its lamentable state. That the police hadn't pulled them over yet was probably another miracle. The bodywork was completely ruined, especially on the rear end, and generously bullet-ridden all over. The roof was gone, and so was the windshield. And yet the yellow car kept going. [PAR] The wind howled and made Claire's long blonde hair flow in a golden cloud around her head. She looked forward, a determined expression on her face. Eyes slit, nose wrinkled, pouty mouth transformed into a thin line. [PAR] Peter thought she looked adorable. But then he was feeling pretty delirious right now, so he couldn't really trust his own judgment at this point. He didn't really understand what was going on; it was like he had gone to the toilet in the middle of a movie, and upon his return, the plot had like completely left the country. The characters were the same, but they were singing a way different tune. [PAR] He had a vague recollection of being at a beach, and being told something important. But it was like he had woken up from a dream, and the details were so hazy that they just slipped between his fingers when he tried to grasp them. [PAR] Nothing made much sense. [PAR] \"Are you okay?\" Claire asked him, darting a look at her uncle for a second before returning her attention to the road. [PAR] 'Do I look like I'm okay?' Peter wondered rather bitterly. He surely didn't feel like it, but he just said, \"Yeah, peachy.\" [PAR] The Texan nodded, and whispered, \"Liar.\" [PAR] Peter chuckled, but his laughter turned into a cough. [PAR] Claire darted another look at him, this time a worried one. He made her think of the time she had visited him in jail back in Odessa, after he'd saved her from Sylar that night. Only his gauntness and short hair now added to his pale sweatiness to accentuate his sickly looks, even more than back then. The blonde reached out for him with her right hand and touched his forehead with its back. [PAR] \"You're feverish,\" she said, unable to hide her worry. [PAR] \"I'm alright,\" Peter shook his head, trying not to think about how soft and wonderfully cool her hand felt against his skin, and how much he missed the contact when she took it away. Yeah, fever, that had to be it. \"I just need to rest a little, and I'll be fine.\" [PAR] The blonde girl shut up about the fact that he shouldn't be sick, not as long as he was close to her. She couldn't remember ever having caught a cold or been sick herself ever since her power had manifested. And she wasn't sure resting was the best idea, either. God knew how he had 'rested' for long enough. [PAR] \"Do you remember anything?\" the young woman asked, deciding to keep"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New 2D-Animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles TV Special ... New 2D-Animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles TV Special Announced - IGN [PAR] New 2D-Animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles TV Special Announced [PAR] Share [PAR] New 2D-Animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles TV Special Announced [PAR] Share. [PAR] Can't get enough Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles? Neither can we! Which is why we're happy to give you the exclusive lowdown on an upcoming one-hour TMNT TV special on Nickelodeon, Half-Shell Heroes: Blast to the Past, debuting Sunday, November 22. [PAR] Half-Shell Heroes: Blast to the Past poster [PAR] Told in the style of Playmates' Half-Shell Heroes action figure line, the storyline finds the Turtles going back in time to the Jurassic Era, where they encounter friendly dinosaurs from the past and dangerous aliens from the future who have a nefarious plan of their own. However, things get even more complicated when Triceritons, Bebop and Rocksteady show up! [PAR] Donnie-saurus Rex? [PAR] Unlike the current CG-animated series on Nick, Half-Shell Heroes will be 2D-animated (as you can see from the new poster above). Random House will also be putting out a Blast to the Past book (see cover below) this September, while Playmates will release new dino toys in the fall to coincide with the special. [PAR] Half-Shell Heroes: Blast to the Past book cover [PAR] Meanwhile, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles proper returns with an all-new episode, \"Turtles in Time,\" (!) this Sunday, August 2 at 11am ET/PT on Nickelodeon. [PAR] Max Nicholson is a writer for IGN, and he desperately seeks your approval. Show him some love by following @Max_Nicholson on Twitter, or MaxNicholson on IGN. [PAR] IN THIS ARTICLE[DOC] [TLE] Top 25 80's Cartoon Intros | Retro Junk Article Top 25 80's Cartoon Intros | Retro Junk Article [PAR] Top 25 80's Cartoon Intros [PAR] The name says it all! (well, my opinion, atleast) [PAR] By: dalmatianlover [PAR] For a lot of us retrojunkies, the 80's was a really big decade. Just about everything awesome happened in that decade. When it comes to 80's cartoons, children of the 80's lived on them. Whenever someone said the name of a show, another would respond: \"Oh, yeah! That show was awesome!\" But the one thing that people seemed to love the most about 80's cartoons were the theme songs. Those awesome theme songs are really the thing that bring an 80's kid back to their childhood. So, what I've done was made a list counting down the Top 25 80's Cartoon Intros. Why 25? Well, there are too many awesome ones out there, I had to include that many! So, anyway, here they are: The Top 25 80's Cartoon Intros: [PAR] #25 - G.I. Joe (1983-1986) [PAR] The main reason I have this one on my list is for the sake of all the \"G.I. Joe\" fans on here. It's America's favorite war team, and I gotta give them credit for putting all the effort into that theme song and all the PSA's they used to do in the 80's. I'm so looking forward to the new movie coming out in 2010! [PAR] #24 - Bravestarr (1987-1989) [PAR] Not a theme song I'd put in a Top 10 list, but now that I think of it, it sounds like a cool show. It's a show about a cowboy who lives on a planet called New Texas. I know space was sort of an overused topic for 80's shows (take a look at \"Galaxy High\" for example), but Bravestarr is a little different. With the Eyes of the Hawk, Ears of the Wolf, Strength"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Til Murder Do Us Part: 15 Couples Who Killed (Volume 3 ... 'Til Murder Do Us Part: 15 Couples Who Killed (Volume 3) - Absolute Crime [PAR] Introduction [PAR] For most people, murder becomes more interesting and entertaining when killers come in twos. Murderous pairs and killers are so fascinating to us because they pervert the basic human needs for love and companionship into something truly evil and wicked. [PAR] When lovers start killing, they debase love itself into a deadly evil. Pals that kill together turn friendship into something monstrous and frightening. Instincts and emotions that should make life better become a deadly threat to all of us. [PAR] Under normal circumstances, love and friendship make people better. Persons with somebody to believe in and trust are often braver and harder working. Those with somebody to fight for are often willing to struggle on until the bitter end. [PAR] When a deadly pair is involved, something similar occurs. A person who would normally lack the courage to kill or rape or rob suddenly gets the courage to do so. Friendship and love can be just as empowering for killers, cannibals, and sadists as for the rest of us. Therefore we should always be afraid when those who look twisted or weird get together; it could be the beginnings of a deadly duo. [PAR] A Murderous Duo Too Horrific to Be Real\u2014or Were They? Sweeney Todd and Margery Lovett [PAR] The story of Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street who murdered his customers, and his deadly paramour Margery Lovett, who made the victims\u2019 bodies into meat pies, seems almost too horrific to be true. Yet there is probably a lot of truth behind the legend of the gruesome hairdresser and his murderous mate who have inspired everything from nursery rhymes to Broadway musicals. [PAR] Sweeney Todd and Margery Lovett were apparently real people. They were the first celebrity serial killers to be extensively covered in the press. The deadly duo was also the first pair of sadistic cannibals to be widely glorified in popular culture. Sweeney and Margery were stock characters in pulp magazines and dime novels as early as the 1850s. [PAR] The strangest thing about Sweeney Todd and Margery Lovett is that nothing is certain about them. We know that they were real people and that they certainly killed innocent people, but that\u2019s about it. Nobody knows how many people they killed, why they killed them, or even how they killed them. [PAR] The Man, the Woman, and the Legend [PAR] The legend of Sweeney Todd and Margery Lovett is a well-known and gruesome one. Sweeney Todd operated a barbershop, where he would shave men; he would occasionally kill a customer with his straight razor and then dump the body in a secret pit under the barber shop. Margery Lovett, who owned a pie shop nearby, would have one of her accomplices cut up the body and serve it in a meat pie. [PAR] To add icing on the cake, Sweeney\u2019s barbershop and Margery\u2019s pie shop were located on Fleet Street, the legendary home of London\u2019s newspapers: the place where tabloid journalism and crime reporting were born. Sweeney and Margery\u2019s trial was covered by the first crime reporter, Thomas Peckett Prest. They pushed Napoleon off the front pages back in 1801. [PAR] Okay, that\u2019s the legend, but it\u2019s hard to tell what's fact and what\u2019s fiction in this tale. Records were poor back in 1801, organized police forces were in their infancy, and journalism was a purely amateur affair. Discerning fact from fiction and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patrick Bateman - Modern Eden Gallery Patrick Bateman - Modern Eden Gallery [PAR] Patrick Bateman [PAR] Acrylic and Gouache on Wood [PAR] Framed [PAR] Inspired by Brett Easton Ellis' character, Patrick Bateman from \"American Psycho\" [PAR] American Psycho is a novel by Bret Easton Ellis, published in 1991. The story is told in the first person by Patrick Bateman, a serial killer and Manhattan businessman. The book's graphic violence and sexual content generated a great deal of controversy before and after publication. A film adaptation starring Christian Bale was released in 2000 to generally favorable reviews. The Observer notes that while \"some countries [deem it] so potentially disturbing that it can only be sold shrink-wrapped\", \"critics rave about it\" and \"academics revel in its transgressive and postmodern qualities.\" [PAR] Leilani Bustamante was born in Santa Rosa California and is a graduate of the Academy of Art University. She grew up between the suburban sprawl and rural Fort Bragg, where she draws inspiration from their simultaneous decay and growth. Her work often voices themes of mortality exploring elements of death, rebirth, beauty and spoil, the loveliness of the macabre and the mournful influence of osteological motifs. She currently lives in New York City. [PAR] This piece will be on exhibit through July 13, 2013 and will be shipped within a week of the exhibition closing date. Shipping costs will be invoiced separately at the time of shipment for this piece. For a detailed shipping price quote, please contact the gallery . If you would like to arrange a gallery pickup, just add a note when checking out and we will contact you to schedule a time. [PAR] As always, if you have any questions, feel free to contact us anytime via email (info@moderneden.com) or by phone (415) 956-3303 during regular business hours. Thank you! [PAR] Add to Cart"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newsroom | Indiana State University Newsroom | Indiana State University [PAR] Forensic anthropologist discusses cases [PAR] November 2, 2009 [PAR] A forensic anthropologist with the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC) in Hawaii discussed investigating serial killer cases to mass graves during a one-day Forensic Seminar at Indiana State University on Oct. 27. [PAR] \"A movie about a serial killer is something a lot of people are interested in,\" said Dr. Robert Mann, director of JPAC's Forensic Science Academy. \"They will certainly put fear into your heart - a serial killer will do that.\" [PAR] JPAC's Central Identification Laboratory is the largest forensic anthropology lab in the world. More than 30 civilian forensic anthropologists work in the lab toward achieving the fullest possible accounting of all Americans missing due to past military conflicts. In 2008, the laboratory opened the Forensic Science Academy, an advanced forensic anthropology program. [PAR] In addition to discussing his work on two serial killer cases, Mann also spoke about uncovering single and mass graves to recover remains during the seminar for law enforcement officers, coroners and military personnel. [PAR] Robert Huckabee, ISU associate professor of criminology and criminal justice, said he thought it was important to bring Mann to the university. [PAR] \"First, what they are doing is extremely honorable; all Americans should be aware of this organization and the men and women who do the hard work of returning the remains of missing service members to their families,\" he said. \"Second, what JPAC does in terms of locating, recovering and identifying human remains is directly relevant to what police officers and coroners are often called on to do.\" [PAR] That became clear when Mann discussed two serial killer cases in which he assisted in identifying victims. [PAR] Mann worked on cases involving victims of Jeffrey Dahmer and Kendall Francois. Dahmer, murdered 17 men and boys before being arrested in Milwaukee in 1991. Francois killed at least eight women in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., before being arrested in 1998. [PAR] After Dahmer was arrested in Milwaukee, he admitted to first killing a hitchhiker - 18-year-old Steven Hicks -- when he lived in Ohio. Dahmer dismembered the body and later smashed the bones with a sledgehammer before scattering the remains on his parents' property. [PAR] Officers in Ohio set up an archeological grid on the property and sent everything they found, including numerous human and animal bone fragments, to the Smithsonian Institute, where Mann worked at the time. [PAR] \"With the human remains, they wondered if there was only one or more than one,\" Mann said. \"It took us about a month to lay the remains out and try to identify them. We documented they had one individual.\" [PAR] Forensic anthropologists then used the smashed teeth's root structure to positively identify Hicks so the remains could be returned to his family for burial. [PAR] Mann became involved in the Francois case when the medical examiner in New York requested assistance. [PAR] \"She realized she had six legs and said she needed help,\" he said. [PAR] In what was dubbed the House of Horrors, detectives found three bodies in a crawlspace under the house. In the attic, they made a more gruesome discovery. [PAR] \"He would take their bodies to the attic, dismember them and put them in containers,\" he said. \"There were bones all over the place. There was decomposition everywhere.\" [PAR] It took them a week to reunite the body parts that had been scattered across the attic. [PAR] \"They were white females, all about the same age, about the same size,\" he said. The victims' similarities"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ted Bundy on Pinterest | Serial Killers, Electric Chair ... 1000+ images about Ted Bundy on Pinterest | Chi omega, Sorority houses and Ted bundy [PAR] Learn more at redbubble.com [PAR] The following is another poem he wrote to his then girlfriend Elizabeth Kloepfler...this one is on a much more somber note... \"In a raging river You and I are tossed. Separately we are Trying desperately to save ourselves. I understand survival I practice it myself Neither has the strength To pull the other to the shore.\" --Ted Bundy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Introduction to the Case Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Introduction to the Case [PAR] Buy now! [PAR] Larry S. Barbee [PAR] This is a brief review of the Jack the Ripper murders that occurred in London more than a hundred years ago. Much of the original evidence gathered at the time has been lost, and many \"facts\" are actually opinions by the various writers who have written about the case during the past century. Many aspects of the case are therefore contested, and so what follows is a summation of the case in general. There are many books available to the student of crime who wishes to grapple with the many mysteries associated with the case. [PAR] \"Jack the Ripper\" is the popular name given to a serial killer who killed a number of prostitutes in the East End of London in 1888. The name originates from a letter written by someone who claimed to be the killer published at the time of the murders. The killings took place within a mile area and involved the districts of Whitechapel, Spitalfields, Aldgate, and the City of London proper. He was also called the Whitechapel Murderer and \"Leather Apron.\" [PAR] Significance and Importance [PAR] Jack the Ripper has remained popular for a lot of reasons. He was not the first serial killer, but he was probably the first to appear in a large metropolis at a time when the general populace had become literate and the press was a force for social change. The Ripper also appeared when there were tremendous political turmoil and both the liberals and social reformers, as well as the Irish Home rule partisans tried to use the crimes for their own ends. Every day the activities of the Ripper were chronicled in the newspapers as were the results of the inquiries and the actions taken by the police. Even the feelings of the people living in the East End, and the editorials that attacked the various establishments of Society appeared each day for both the people of London and the whole world to read. It was the press coverage that made this series of murders a \"new thing\", something that the world had never known before. The press was also partly responsible for creating many myths surrounding the Ripper and ended up turning a sad killer of women into a \"bogey man\", who has now become one of the most romantic figures in history. The rest of the responsibility lies with the Ripper. He may have been a sexual serial killer of a type all too common in the 1990s, but he was also bent on terrifying a city and making the whole world take notice of him by leaving his horribly mutilated victims in plain sight. Lastly, the Ripper was never caught and it is the mysteries surrounding this killer that both add to the romance of the story and creating an intellectual puzzle that people still want to solve. [PAR] The Victims [PAR] It is unclear just how many women the Ripper killed. It is generally accepted that he killed five, though some have written that he murdered only four while others say seven or more. The public, press, and even many junior police officers believed that the Ripper was responsible for nine slayings. The five that are generally accepted as the work of the Ripper are: [PAR] Mary Ann (Polly) Nichols, murdered Friday, August 31, 1888. [PAR] Annie Chapman, murdered Saturday, September 8, 1888. [PAR] Elizabeth Stride, murdered Sunday, September 30, 1888. [PAR] Catharine Eddowes, also murdered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hannibal Lecter - The Silence Of The Lambs Wiki - Wikia Hannibal Lecter | The Silence Of The Lambs Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Silence Of The Lambs Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] I Ate His Liver With Fava Beans [PAR] Hannibal Lecter is a fictional character in a series of suspense novels by Thomas Harris.Lecter was introduced in the 1981 thriller novel Red Dragon as a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer. The novel and its sequel, The Silence of the Lambs, feature Lecter as one of the primary antagonists after the two serial killers in both novels. In the third novel, Hannibal, Lecter becomes a protagonist. His role as the antihero occurs in the fourth novel, Hannibal Rising, which explores his childhood and development into a serial killer.The first film adapted from the Harris novels was Manhunter (based on Red Dragon) which features Brian Cox as Lecter, spelled \"Lecktor\". In 1991, Anthony Hopkins won an Academy Award for his portrayal of the character in The Silence of the Lambs. He would reprise the role in Hannibal in 2001 and in a second adaptation of Red Dragon made in 2002 under the original title.In 2003, Hannibal Lecter (as portrayed by Hopkins) was chosen by the American Film Institute as the #1 movie villain.[1] In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named him one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.[2]Contents [hide] 1 Character overview2 Appearances2.1 Novels2.2 In film2.3 In television3 Real-life models4 See also5 References6 External linksCharacter overview[edit] Red Dragon firmly states that Lecter does not fit any known psychological profile. In the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs, Lecter's keeper, Dr. Frederick Chilton, claims that Lecter is a \"pure psychopath\"; however, in the novel, Dr. Chilton calls Lecter a sociopath. Lecter's pathology is explored in greater detail in Hannibal and Hannibal Rising, which explain that he was traumatized as a child in Lithuania in 1944 when he witnessed the murder and cannibalism of his beloved younger sister, Mischa, by Lithuanian Hilfswillige. One of the Hilfswillige members claimed that Lecter unwittingly ate his sister as well.All media in which Lecter appears portray him as cultured and sophisticated, with refined tastes in art, music, and cuisine. He is well-educated and knows several languages. He is frequently depicted preparing gourmet meals from his victims' flesh, the most famous example being his admission in the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs that he once ate a census taker's liver \"with fava beans and a nice Chianti\". He is deeply offended by rudeness, and frequently kills people who have bad manners\u2014or, as he calls them in Hannibal, \"free-range rude\". Prior to his capture and imprisonment, he is a member of Baltimore, Maryland's social elite, and a sitting member of the Baltimore Philharmonic Orchestra's board of directors.In The Silence of the Lambs, Lecter is described through protagonist Clarice Starling's eyes: \"small, sleek, and in his hands and arms she saw wiry strength like her own\". The novel also reveals that Lecter's left hand has a condition called mid ray duplication polydactyly, i.e. a duplicated middle finger.[3] In Hannibal, he performs plastic surgery on his own face on several occasions, and removes his extra digit. Lecter's eyes are a shade of maroon, and reflect the light in \"pinpoints of red\".[4] He has small white teeth[5] and dark, slicked-back hair with a widow's peak. He also has a keen sense of smell; in The Silence of the Lambs, he is able to identify through a plate glass window the brand of perfume that Starling wore the day"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Rillington Place (1971) - IMDb 10 Rillington Place (1971) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Based on the real-life case of the British serial killer John Christie, and what happened to his neighbours Tim and Beryl Evans. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 08 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 03 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 24 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: 10 Rillington Place (1971) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Rillington Place (TV Mini-Series 2016) [PAR] Crime [PAR] A three-part drama about serial killer John Christie and the murders at 10 Rillington Place in the 1940s and early 1950s. [PAR] Stars: Jodie Comer, Tim Roth, Nico Mirallegro [PAR] A series of brutal murders in Boston sparks a seemingly endless and increasingly complex manhunt. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] A young blind woman is pursued by a maniac while staying with family in their country manor. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] An idealistic rookie cop joins the LAPD to make ends meet while finishing law school, and is indoctrinated by a seasoned veteran. As time goes on, he loses his ambitions and family as police work becomes his entire life. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] London, 1949. John Christie is an unassuming, middle-aged man who, along with his wife Ethel, lives in the ground-floor flat at 10 Rillington Place. His demeanor masks the fact of being a serial killer. His modus operandi is to act as a person with a medical background, lure unsuspecting women to his apartment on the pretense of curing them of some ailment, knock them unconscious with carbon monoxide gas, gain his sexual release through contact with the unconscious body, then strangle the victim dead before disposing of the body somewhere in the house or outside area. His next intended target is Beryl Evans, a young woman who has just moved into the top flat in the house. Beryl's husband, Tim Evans, is an illiterate man who likes to put on airs. Already with an infant daughter named Geraldine, the Evanses learn they are going to have another baby, which they cannot afford to have, nor can they afford to abort the pregnancy. This problem, on top of the constant issue of lack of money ... Written by Huggo [PAR] The true story of John Christie - the serial killer. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 29 January 1971 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] 10 Rillington place See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The movie's closing epilogue states: \"Christie confessed his crimes and was hanged at Pentonville Prison. Twelve years later Timothy John Evans was pardoned, his body exhumed and reburied in consecrated ground\". See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The caption '1949'"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter Sutcliffe - THE REAL YORKSHIRE RIPPER STORY Peter Sutcliffe, \"The Yorkshire Ripper\" [PAR] Peter Sutcliffe [PAR] Peter Sutcliffe, \"The Yorkshire Ripper\" [PAR] Peter William Sutcliffe (born 2 June 1946) is a British serial killer who was dubbed \u201cThe Yorkshire Ripper\u201d. In 1981 Sutcliffe was convicted of murdering 13 women and attacking seven others. He is currently serving 20 sentences of life imprisonment in Broadmoor Hospital. After his conviction, Peter Sutcliffe began using his mother\u2019s maiden name and became known as Peter William Coonan. A High Court ruling rejected an appeal in 2010, confirming that he would serve a whole life tariff and would never be released from imprisonment. [PAR] Peter Sutcliffe was born in Bingley, to a working-class Catholic family in West Riding of Yorkshire, a son of John Sutcliffe (11 December 1922 \u2013 June 2004) and Kathleen Frances Sutcliffe (n\u00e9e Coonan, 22 January 1919 \u2013 1978). Reportedly a loner at school, he left at the age of 15 and took a series of menial jobs, including two stints as a gravedigger during the 1960s. Between November 1971 and April 1973 Sutcliffe worked at the factory of Baird Television Ltd, on the packaging line. He left when he was asked to go on the road as a salesman. [PAR] After leaving Baird, he worked nightshifts at the Britannia Works of Anderton International from April 1973. In February 1975 he took redundancy, used the pay-off to gain an HGV licence on 4 June 1975 and began working as a driver for a tyre firm on 29 September of that year. On 5 March 1976 he was dismissed for the theft of used tyres. He was unemployed until October 1976, when he found another job as an HGV driver for T & WH Clark (Holdings Ltd.) on the Canal Road Industrial Estate in Bradford. Sutcliffe frequently used prostitutes as a young man and it has been speculated that a bad experience with one during which he was believed to have been conned out of money, helped fuel his violent hatred of women. [PAR] He first met Sonia Szurma on 14 February 1967; they married on 10 August 1974. His wife suffered several miscarriages over the following few years and the couple were subsequently informed that she would not be able to have children. Shortly after this, she resumed a teacher training course. When she completed the course in 1977 and began teaching, the couple used the salary from her job to buy their first house in Heaton , Bradford, where they moved on 26 September 1977, and where they were still living at the time of Sutcliffe\u2019s arrest. [PAR] Peter Sutcliffe \u2013 Murder victims[DOC] [TLE] The Yorkshire Ripper | Documentary Heaven rss [PAR] / 2 Comments [PAR] Peter William Sutcliffe (born 2 June 1946) is a British serial killer known as \u201cThe Yorkshire Ripper\u201d. In 1981 Sutcliffe was convicted of murdering 13 women and attempting to murder seven others. [PAR] Sutcliffe was a regular user of prostitutes in Leeds and Bradford. His obsession with killing streetwalkers seems to have originated with an argument over payment, but he claimed he was being guided by the voice of God. [PAR] He carried out the murders over a five-year period, during which the public were especially shocked by the murders of some pedestrians who were not prostitutes. When arrested in January 1981 for driving with false number-plates, police questioned him about the killings and he confessed that he was the perpetrator. [PAR] At his trial, he pleaded not guilty to murder on grounds of diminished responsibility as he had been diagnosed with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime Curios!: 2 - The Prime Pages (prime number research ... Prime Curios!: 2 [PAR] Fermat's Little Theorem tells us that if p is prime , then p divides 2p - 2. [PAR] Every number of the form 2p-1(2p - 1), where 2p - 1 is prime, is an even perfect number . [PAR] A \"goody-two-shoes\" is someone who thinks they are perfect. [PAR] Consider the first 2 primes, i.e., 2 and 3. It is interesting that 210 is quite close to 103 in base 10. [ Wells ] [PAR] The number of odd entries in the nth row of Pascal's triangle is 2 raised to the number of ones in the binary expansion of n. [ Su ] [PAR] The number of representations of n as the sum of two primes is, at most, the number of primes in the interval [n/2, n - 2]. [ MOC ] [PAR] Divisibility test for 2: A number is divisible by 2 if it ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. [PAR] 2! + 2 = 22. [ Sladcik ] [PAR] If a polygon has n sides, then n - 2 triangles are formed. [ Glencoe ] [PAR] Every Fermat number is the product of all previous Fermat numbers plus 2. [PAR] The smallest untouchable number, i.e., an integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of all the proper divisors of any positive integer (including the untouchable number itself). The first few are 2, 5, 52, 88, 96, .... [PAR] 2^2^2^2 - 2^2^2 divides n^2^2^2 - n^2^2 for all n. [ Selfridge ] [PAR] Euler 's formula: V - E + F = 2. For any convex polyhedron, the number of vertices and faces together is exactly two more than the number of edges. [PAR] ( [PAR] ) = 2. [ Kulsha ] [PAR] The probability that the greatest prime factor of a random integer n is greater than the square root of n equals the natural logarithm of 2. [ Schroeppel ] [PAR] 2 is the only prime digit p with prime number_of_letters (nol) in p, nol = 3, and prime sum p + nol = 5. [ Seidov ] [PAR] Fermat's Last Theorem : The equation xn + yn = zn has no solution in positive integers for n greater than 2. [ Wiles ] [PAR] If 2p - 1 is prime then p is prime. [ Murthy ] [PAR] The length of the hypotenuse is 2 times the shorter leg in a 30-60-90 triangle. [ Sargent ] [PAR] The smallest prime of the form 2p - p. [ Capelle ] [PAR] The Pythagoreans considered 2 to be the first feminine number. [PAR] The Pythagoreans were embarrassed by the discovery that the square root of 2 is an irrational number , so they tried to keep this fact a secret. [ Malinin ] [PAR] 2 is the only prime of form nn + n. [ Luhn ] [PAR] 2 [PAR] r represents the circumference of a circle of radius r. [ Apostol ] [PAR] The only difference between two consecutive primes which is prime. [ Luhn ] [PAR] The only even prime number, therefore the \"oddest\" prime of all. [PAR] Any number with only two positive divisors is a prime number. [ Gupta ] [PAR] Bertrand's Postulate states that there is always a prime between n and 2n. [PAR] You need only one hand to slap but 2 to clap. [ Murthy ] [PAR] (2^2^2 + 1)^(2^2^2 + 1) - (2^2^2 + 1) - 1 is a 21 digit prime. [ Luhn ] [PAR] The number"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] rhino facts - Out to Africa rhino facts [PAR] Predators: [PAR] Humans [PAR] The rhinoceros is a large, primitive-looking mammal that in fact dates from the Miocene era millions of years ago. In recent decades rhinos have been relentlessly hunted to the point of near extinction. Since 1970 the world rhino population has declined by 90 percent, with five species remaining in the world today, all of which are endangered. [PAR] The white or square-lipped rhino is one of two rhino species in Africa. It in turn occurs as two subspecies, the southern and the northern. The southern dwindled almost to extinction in the early 20th century, but was protected on farms and reserves, enabling it to increase enough to be reintroduced. The northern white rhino has recovered in Democratic Republic of Congo from about 15 in 1984 to about 30 in the late 1990s. This population, however, has recently been severely threatened by political conflict and instability. [PAR] Physical Characteristics [PAR] The white rhino's name derives from the Dutch \"weit,\" meaning wide, a reference to its wide, square muzzle adapted for grazing. The white rhino, which is actually gray, has a pronounced hump on the neck and a long face. [PAR] The black, or hooked-lipped, rhino, along with all other rhino species, is an odd-toed ungulate (three toes on each foot). It has a thick, hairless, gray hide. Both the black and white rhino have two horns, the longer of which sits at the front of the nose. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Black rhinos have various habitats, but mainly areas with dense, woody vegetation. White rhinos live in savannas with water holes, mud wallows and shade trees. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] Rhinos live in home ranges that sometimes overlap with each other. Feeding grounds, water holes and wallows may be shared. The black rhino is usually solitary. The white rhino tends to be much more gregarious. Rhinos are also rather ill-tempered and have become more so in areas where they have been constantly disturbed. While their eyesight is poor, which is probably why they will sometimes charge without apparent reason, their sense of smell and hearing are very good. They have an extended \"vocabulary\" of growls, grunts, squeaks, snorts and bellows. When attacking, the rhino lowers its head, snorts, breaks into a gallop reaching speeds of 30 miles an hour, and gores or strikes powerful blows with its horns. Still, for all its bulk, the rhino is very agile and can quickly turn in a small space. The rhino has a symbiotic relationship with oxpeckers, also called tick birds. In Swahili the tick bird is named \"askari wa kifaru,\" meaning \"the rhino's guard.\" The bird eats ticks it finds on the rhino and noisily warns of danger. Although the birds also eat blood from sores on the rhino's skin and thus obstruct healing, they are still tolerated. [PAR] Diet [PAR] The black rhino is a browser, with a triangular-shaped upper lip ending in a mobile grasping point. It eats a large variety of vegetation, including leaves, buds and shoots of plants, bushes and trees. The white rhino, on the other hand, is a grazer feeding on grasses. [PAR] Caring for the Young [PAR] The closest rhino relationship is between a female and her calf, lasting from 2 to 4 years. As the older calves mature, they leave their mothers and may join other females and their young, where they are tolerated for some time before living completely on their own. [PAR] Predators [PAR] Man is the cause of the demise of the rhino. In the wild, the adult black"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] fUSION Anomaly. Camels fUSION Anomaly. Camels [PAR] This nOde last updated August 7th, 2005 and is permanently morphing... [PAR] (2 Manik (Serpent) / 5 Yaxk'in (New Sun ) - 67/260 - 12.19.12.9.7) [PAR] camel [PAR] camel (k\u00e0m\u00b4el) noun [PAR] 1. A humped, long-necked ruminant mammal of the genus Camelus, domesticated in Old World desert regions as a beast of burden and as a source of wool, milk, and meat. [PAR] 2. A device used to raise sunken objects, consisting of a hollow structure that is submerged, attached tightly to the object, and pumped free of [PAR] water . Also called caisson. [PAR] 3. Sports. A spin in figure skating that is performed in an arabesque or modified arabesque position. [PAR] [Middle English, from Old English and from Anglo-Norman cameil, both from Latin cam\u00ealus, from Greek kam\u00ealos, of Semitic origin.] [PAR] camel [PAR] camel (k\u00e0m\u00b4el), hoofed ruminant (family Camelidae). The family consists of the true camels of Asia, the wild guanaco and domesticated ALPACA and LLAMA of South America, and the vicu\u00f1a of South America. The two species of true camel are the single-humped Arabian camel, or dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), a domesticated animal of Arabia and N Africa; and the two-humped Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus) of central Asia. Their humps are storage places for fat. Ranging in color from dirty white to dark brown, camels are well adapted for desert life and can go without water for several days. [PAR] A camel's hump is a big mound of fat, not [PAR] ethnic tribal noise track _Camel Bag_ MP3 (160k) [PAR] by Muslimgauze off of _Azad_ CD on Staalplaat #022 (1999) [PAR] includes insert cut from Arab newspapers with the Muslimgauze text cutout (every cover is therefore different), embossed jewel case (back & front), numbered limited edition of 925 (it was to be 1000 but 75 were destroyed at the pressing plant while they were being put together), approximately 600-650 of these include paper currency from an Arab/Muslim country (not necessarily the first 600-650) [PAR] track _Came's Bag_ MP3 (160k) [PAR] by Muslimgauze off of _Azad_ CD on Staalplaat #022 (1999) [PAR] neo psychedelia track _The Train Runs Over The Camel But Is Derailed By The Gnat_ MP3 (192k) [PAR] by The Flaming Lips off of _Zaireeka_ CDx4 (1997) [PAR] all four cd's can be played in any combination with one another simulataneously on separate players for a new listening experience each time. [PAR] track _Orange Camel Sherbert_ MP3 (192k) [PAR] by Muslimgauze off of _Jebel Tariq_ full length MP3 (internet only release) on Staalplaat/Pretentious (2000) [PAR] jazz rock track _Camel's Gak_ MP3 [PAR] by Phantom Tollbooth [PAR] Phantom Tollbooth has membership affiliations with Yo La Tengo, Bongwater, B.A.L.L., & King Missile [PAR] 604 track _Follow That Camel!_ MP3 (320k) [PAR] by [PAR] o Genus Lama: Llama, Alpaca, and Guaaco [PAR] o Genus Vicugna: Vicuna [PAR] + Dromedary, Camelus dromedarius [PAR] + Bactrian Camel, Camelus bactrianus [PAR] Humans first domesticated camels many thousands of years ago. The Dromedary and the Bactrian Camel are both still used for milk and as beasts of burden\u2014the Dromedary in northern Africa and western Asia; the Bactrian Camel further to the north and east in central Asia. [PAR] Although there are almost 13 million Dromedaries alive today, the species is extinct in the wild: all bar a handful are domesticated animals (mostly in Sudan, Somalia, India and nearby countries). There is, however, a substantial feral population of about 200,000 in central [PAR] Australia , descended from individuals that escaped from captivity in the late 19th century. [PAR] The Bactrian Camel once had an enormous range,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Chaplin Dug Up : snopes.com Charlie Chaplin Dug Up : snopes.com [PAR] Claim: The mortal remains of Charlie Chaplin were abducted and held for ransom. [PAR] TRUE [PAR] Origins: Even in death Charlie Chaplin had little peace. Such was the price of his celebrity that his remains were dug up and ransomed back to the family. [PAR] Chaplin died on [PAR] 1977, in Switzerland. He was [PAR] 88 years [PAR] On [PAR] 2 March [PAR] 1978, his coffin (with him in it) was dug up and spirited away. His remains were recovered by Swiss police on [PAR] 17 May [PAR] 1978. Two Eastern European political refugees confessed to the crime. They described how they took Chaplin's oak coffin from the village cemetery at Corsier-sur-Vevey and buried it in a shallow hole in the cornfield near Villeneive, about [PAR] 10 miles [PAR] away at the eastern tip of Lake Geneva. [PAR] According to a 1978 news report on the crime: [PAR] As police tell the story, the Chaplin family began receiving ransom demands by phone several weeks after the coffin was taken. The caller had a Slavic accent. [PAR] Although the family had received many false calls asking for exorbitant sums, this time the demand was backed up with a photograph, sent by the alleged coffin just before its reburial in the cornpatch. [PAR] Chaplin's widow, Oona, refused to consider ransom. But in order to cooperate with police, the family, through its lawyer, Jean-Felix [PAR] Paschoud, bargained with the alleged grave robbers over a tapped telephone. By the time the demand had dropped from $600,000 to $250,000, the police had figured out that the ransom calls were coming from a public pay telephone. [PAR] Two earlier traps set for the alleged grave robbers did not succeed but a dragnet of [PAR] 100 policemen [PAR] keeping an eye on all of Lausanne's more than [PAR] 200 pay [PAR] public telephones proved too difficult to elude for a 24-year-old Polish auto mechanic, until recently unemployed. [PAR] The two accused men face seven-and-a-half years in prison for extortion and for \"disturbing the peace of the dead.\" [PAR] Chaplin's family has not disclosed what it plans to do with his recovered coffin. [PAR] Barbara \"I'd suggest burying it a lot deeper\" Mikkelson [PAR] Last updated: 27 July 2013 [PAR] Sources: [PAR] Rollow, Jonathan. \"Swiss Police Recover Body of Chaplin.\" [PAR] The Washington Post. 18 May 1978 (p. A1). [PAR] Tags:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Color-Change Sapphire - GemSelect Sapphire Gemstone & Jewelry Information, Blue & Fancy Sapphire: GemSelect. [PAR] Sapphire; Origin and Sources Back to Top [PAR] Sapphire is found in only a few locations in the world. The three most famous regions for blue sapphire are Kashmir, Burma and Sri Lanka. Sapphire has also been mined in Cambodia , Thailand, Vietnam and India. As of 2007, Madagascar has been leading the world in sapphire production, though Sri Lanka continues to be the only steady producer of fine quality blue sapphire. Sri Lanka and Madagascar produce sapphires in a wide range of colors and whilst Sri Lanka has been a known sapphire source for centuries, sapphire deposits in Madagascar were only recently discovered in 1998. The enormous deposits found in the village of Ilakaka came as a big surprise and led to a gemstone fever reminiscent of the 19th century Californian gold rush. Today, Madagascar and Tanzania are considered to be two of the most important sapphire sources. Australia is also known for significant sapphire deposits, though most Australian sapphire is known to form rather dark in color. In the USA, there are small sapphire deposits found throughout Montana and North Carolina. [PAR] The finest quality blue sapphire, based on past auction prices , comes from Kashmir and Mogok, Burma. The finest Kashmir and Burmese sapphires display superb color and clarity without any thermal (heat) treatment. In recent times, limited resources in Burma have led miners to focus on more plentiful Burmese ruby . Some Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) sapphires are also unheated , but nowadays, the majority of sapphires have been heated, diffused or fracture-filled to improve color and clarity, regardless of their origin. The Kashmir mines, high up in the Himalayas, have produced spectacular world-renowned gems, but since the 1920s, virtually no new material has been found. The rare, fine blue sapphires of Pailin, Cambodia were also very highly regarded by gem traders throughout the world. Pailin sapphires ranged in color from light to deep blue, but they possessed a distinctive purity and intensity of color that was unlike any other sapphire sources. Many gem traders graded them as close in quality to Kashmir and Burmese sapphires; and certainly superior to Sri Lankan (Ceylonese), Thai, American, Vietnamese, Indian, African and Australian sapphires. [PAR] Almost all the sapphires from around the world are cut and processed in Chanthaburi, Thailand. Along with Kanchanaburi and Trat, Chanthaburi was once one of main sources for Thai sapphire . Sapphire mining in Chanthaburi is mostly finished now, though there are a few small private mining locations scattered throughout the province. There is also a large market for Thai star sapphires that exhibit distinctive golden six-rayed stars. The golden black star sapphire is found nowhere else in the world. Nowadays, Chanthaburi, Thailand has become the main processing and trading center for almost all of the world's sapphires, rubies and other colored gemstones. [PAR] Buying Sapphire and Determining Sapphire Value Back to Top [PAR] Sapphire Color [PAR] Blue is indeed the best-known and the most valuable of sapphire colors. The prized Kashmir and Burmese sapphires have a deep blue that is described as both intense and velvety. These sapphires are not often seen on the market today. Sri Lankan and Madagascar sapphires are the most common today, with a wide range of colors from light blue to dark blue. With blue sapphire, the intensity of blue is the most important factor. For example, a huge sapphire with a washed-out, weak blue color is much less valuable than a much smaller stone of excellent color. An intense, rich pure"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Duck - Disney Wiki - Wikia Donald Duck | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Daddy (referred to by his son and Mrs. Duck in How to Have an Accident at Work ) [PAR] Personality [PAR] Short-tempered, jealous, loud, aggressive, cynical, antagonistic, cranky, selfish, hateful, self-hateful, reckless, rude, impulsive, struggling, loyal, friendly, opinionated, outspoken, avaricious, loving, family-oriented, comical, heroic, fatherly, sensitive, cowardly at times, intolerant at times, kind-hearted [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Slender duck, white feathers, light blue eyes, blue sailor suit (colored black in most comics) with a couple gold or white buttons and gold or white lining around the collar and at the end of the sleeves, red bow tie (previously colored black), blue hat (previously colored white) with both black tassel and brim (previously colored blue), yellow bill and feet [PAR] Occupation [PAR] Boo-Boo Chicken (chicken) [PAR] Allies [PAR] Walt Disney , Daisy Duck , Mickey Mouse , Goofy , Minnie Mouse , Pluto , Jos\u00e9 Carioca , Panchito Pistoles , Clarabelle Cow , Horace Horsecollar , Max Goof , Clara Cluck , Huey, Dewey and Louie , Scrooge McDuck , Gus Goose , Noah , Fethry Duck , Grandma Duck , Hernae , Peggy Duck , Gustav Goose , Admiral Grimmitz , Yen Sid , Willie the Giant , Gyro Gearloose , Ludwig Von Drake , Launchpad McQuack , Peter Pig , various other characters and real people [PAR] Enemies [PAR] Chip 'n Dale , Pete , Buzz-Buzz the Bee , Spike the Bee , Aracuan Bird , Humphrey the Bear , Baby Shelby , Gladstone Gander , Beagle Boys , Magica De Spell , Witch Hazel , Flintheart Glomgold , Kent Powers , Grandpa Beagle , Mister Molay , The Claw , Neighbor Jones , Argus McSwine , Willie the Giant (formerly), Eli Squinch , Mortimer Mouse , The Phantom Blot , Mojo Witch Doctor , Merlock the Magician , Cinnamon Teal , Emil Eagle , Weasels , Disney Villains [PAR] Likes [PAR] The spotlight, his friends and family, his rare good luck, soda, vast riches, Daisy, fame and glory, boats, sailing, his hammock, sleeping, relaxation, appreciation, hot chocolate, eating, messing with his nephews [PAR] Dislikes [PAR] Being second best, his own temper tantrums, losing, being outsmarted, Goofy's clumsiness, Mickey's popularity overshadowing his own, his nephews' pranks, his constant bad luck, someone taking his hat and shirt, the Aracuan Bird, his practical jokes backfiring, Chip and Dale's mischief, anyone who ruins his relaxation, his voice not being understood. [PAR] Weapons [PAR] \u2015 Theme Song to most of Donald's cartoons [PAR] According to Leonard Maltin in his introduction to The Chronological Donald - Volume 1, Donald was created by Walt Disney when he heard Clarence Nash doing his \"duck\" voice while reciting \"Mary Had a Little Lamb.\" Mickey Mouse had lost some of his edges since becoming a role model for children and Disney wanted a character that could portray some of the more negative character traits he could no longer bestow on Mickey. [PAR] 1930s [PAR] Donald Duck in his first appearance, The Wise Little Hen. [PAR] Donald first appeared in the Silly Symphonies cartoon The Wise Little Hen on June 9 , 1934 , though he is mentioned in a 1931 Disney storybook. Donald's appearance in the cartoon, as created by animator Dick Lundy, is similar to his modern look, the feather, and beak colors are the same, as is the blue sailor shirt and hat, but his features are more elongated, his body plumper, and his feet bigger. Donald's personality is not developed either; in the short, he only"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] School of Rock (2003) - IMDb School of Rock (2003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The School of Rock (original title) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] After being kicked out of a rock band, Dewey Finn becomes a substitute teacher of a strict elementary private school, only to try and turn it into a rock band. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 16 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 03 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 28 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 15 Nov 2015 [PAR] Title: School of Rock (2003) [PAR] 7.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 8 wins & 18 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Berated all his life by those around him, a monk follows his dream and dons a mask to moonlight as a Luchador (Mexican wrestler). [PAR] Director: Jared Hess [PAR] After a bitter divorce, an actor disguises himself as a female housekeeper to spend time with his children held in custody by his former wife. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] The children of secret-agent parents must save them from danger. [PAR] Director: Robert Rodriguez [PAR] In a desperate attempt to win a basketball match and earn their freedom, the Looney Tunes seek the aid of retired basketball champion, Michael Jordan. [PAR] Director: Joe Pytka [PAR] A misfit ant, looking for \"warriors\" to save his colony from greedy grasshoppers, recruits a group of bugs that turn out to be an inept circus troupe. [PAR] Directors: John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton [PAR] Stars: Kevin Spacey, Dave Foley, Julia Louis-Dreyfus [PAR] A toon-hating detective is a cartoon rabbit's only hope to prove his innocence when he is accused of murder. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] A Hawaiian girl adopts an unusual pet who is actually a notorious extra-terrestrial fugitive from the law. [PAR] Directors: Dean DeBlois, Chris Sanders [PAR] Stars: Daveigh Chase, Chris Sanders, Tia Carrere [PAR] After wishing to be made big, a teenage boy wakes the next morning to find himself mysteriously in the body of an adult. [PAR] Director: Penny Marshall [PAR] When two kids find and play a magical board game, they release a man trapped for decades in it and a host of dangers that can only be stopped by finishing the game. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] A martial arts master agrees to teach karate to a bullied teenager. [PAR] Director: John G. Avildsen [PAR] After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Down and out rock star Dewey Finn gets fired from his band, and he faces a mountain of debts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A History of Education - Tim Lambert A History of Education [PAR] A BRIEF HISTORY OF EDUCATION [PAR] By Tim Lambert [PAR] Education in Ancient Egypt [PAR] Most children in Egypt did not go to school. Instead boys learned farming or other trades from their fathers. Girls learned sewing, cooking and other skills from their mothers. Boys from wealthy families sometimes learned to be scribes. They learned by copying and memorizing and discipline was strict. Teachers beat naughty boys. The boys learned reading and writing and also mathematics . There is evidence that some women in Egypt could read and write. [PAR] Education in Ancient Greece [PAR] In ancient Greece girls learned skills like weaving from their mothers. Many girls also learned to read and write at home. Boys were also taught at home when they were very young but they started school at the age of six. Boys from a rich family were escorted to school by a slave. [PAR] The boys learned reading, writing and arithmetic as well as poetry and music. The Greeks also believed that physical education was very important so boys did dancing and athletics. [PAR] Discipline was severe in Ancient Greek schools and children were often beaten. [PAR] In Sparta children were treated very harshly. At the age of 7 boys were removed from their families and sent to live in barracks. They were treated severely to turn them into brave soldiers. They were deliberately kept short of food so they would have to steal - teaching them stealth and cunning. They were whipped for any offence. [PAR] Spartan girls learned athletics and dancing - so they would become fit and healthy mothers of more soldiers. [PAR] Education in Rome [PAR] In rich Roman families children were educated at home by a tutor. Other boys and girls went to a primary school called a ludus at the age of 7 to learn to read and write and do simple arithmetic. Boys went to secondary school where they would learn geometry, history, literature and oratory (the art of public speaking). [PAR] Teachers were often Greek slaves. The teachers were very strict and they frequently beat the pupils. [PAR] Children wrote on wax tablets with a pointed bone stylus. (Adults wrote on a form of paper called papyrus, which was made from the papyrus plant). [PAR] Education in the Middle Ages [PAR] In the Middle Ages many people were illiterate but not all. Upper class children were educated. Among the Medieval poor the better-educated priests might teach some children to read and write - a little. In many towns there were grammar schools where middle class boys were educated. (They got their name because they taught Latin grammar). Boys worked long hours in the grammar schools and discipline was severe. Boys were beaten with rods or birch twigs. [PAR] There were also chantry schools. Some men left money in their wills to pay for a priest to chant prayers for their soul after their death. When he was not praying the priest would educate local children. [PAR] During the Middle Ages education gradually became more common. By the 15th century perhaps a third of the population of England could read and write. [PAR] From the early 13th century England had two universities at Oxford and Cambridge. At them students learned seven subjects, grammar, rhetoric (the art of public speaking), logic, astronomy, arithmetic, music and geometry. [PAR] Education in 16th Century England [PAR] Education flourished in the 16th century. Many rich men founded grammar schools. Boys usually went to a kind of nursery school called"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] beauty school drop out grease - YouTube beauty school drop out grease - YouTube [PAR] beauty school drop out grease [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 21, 2008 [PAR] grease the movie- beauty school drop out [PAR] a great movie.[DOC] [TLE] Grease - Beauty School Drop Out Lyrics | MetroLyrics Grease - Beauty School Drop Out Lyrics | MetroLyrics [PAR] Beauty School Drop Out Lyrics [PAR] New! Highlight lyrics to add Meanings, Special Memories, and Misheard Lyrics... [PAR] Submit Corrections Cancel [PAR] Your story sad to tell, [PAR] A teenage ne'er do well, [PAR] Most mixed up non-delinquent on the block! [PAR] Your future's so unclear now, [PAR] What's left of your career now? [PAR] Can't even get a trade in on your smock! [PAR] Angels: (la lalala lalala lalala...) [PAR] Beauty school dropout, [PAR] No graduation day for you. [PAR] Beauty school dropout, [PAR] Missed your midterms and flunked shampoo! [PAR] Well at least you could have taken time, to wash and clean [PAR] your clothes up, [PAR] After spending all that dough to have the doctor fix your nose [PAR] up! [PAR] Baby get moving (Baby get movin), [PAR] Why keep your feeble hopes alive? [PAR] What are you proving (What are you provin)? [PAR] You've got the dream but not the drive. [PAR] meaning [PAR] byAmandaH [PAR] , Editor [PAR] Boyz II Men took on the role as the 'Teen Angels' in FOX's Grease Live broadcast on January 31st, 2016. Watch them convince Frenchy (aka Carly Rae Jepsen) to\u2026 [PAR] If you go for your diploma, you could join a steno pool. [PAR] Turn in your teasin comb and go back to high school! [PAR] Beauty school dropout (Beauty school dropout), [PAR] Hanging around the corner store. [PAR] Beauty school dropout (Beauty school dropout), [PAR] It's about time you knew the score. [PAR] Well they couldn't teach you anything, [PAR] You think you're such a looker, [PAR] But no customer would go to you unless she was a hooker! [PAR] Baby don't sweat it (Don't sweat it), [PAR] You're not cut out to hold a job. [PAR] Better forget it (Forget it), [PAR] Who wants their hair done by a slob? [PAR] Now your bangs are curled, your lashes twirled, but still the [PAR] world is cruel. [PAR] Wipe off that angel face and go back to high school! [PAR] Baby don't blow it, [PAR] Don't put my good advice to shame. [PAR] Baby you know it, [PAR] Even Dear Abby'd say the same! [PAR] Now I've called the shot, get off the pot, I really gotta [PAR] fly!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ken Barlow - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Ken Barlow | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] William Roache [PAR] Kenneth \"Ken\" Barlow is a long-standing Coronation Street resident, having been born there in 1939 and living there ever since. [PAR] Ken was the son of postman Frank Barlow and kitchen cleaner Ida . In his youth, he aspired to escape his working class roots and was the first Street resident to go to University. A History and English graduate, he began his professional life as an English teacher at Bessie Street School , remaining at his father's side in Weatherfield after Ida's death in a road accident in 1961 . In 1962 , he married hairdresser Valerie Tatlock . The marriage was mostly happy although Ken's ambitions were at odds with Valerie's contentedness with the lifestyle he wanted to leave behind. [PAR] In 1965 , Valerie gave birth to twins Peter and Susan . Ken left most of the parenting to Valerie, so when she died in a house accident in 1971 , Ken sent the twins to live with Val's parents in Glasgow . The 1970s saw Ken struggle to find a new path in life as he left the teaching profession and took on variety of jobs, working as a taxi driver, Community Development Officer and Editor of the free newspaper Weatherfield Recorder during this period. In 1973 he married Janet Reid , but the couple separated after only a few months. Three years later, Ken moved in with Val's uncle Albert Tatlock , deciding to remain in the Street to care for the aging pensioner. [PAR] The 1980s were a happier time for Ken as he married divorcee Deirdre Langton in 1981 and adopted her daughter Tracy in 1986 . They had a strong bond despite an age difference of more than ten years but Ken's view of a comfortable, stable family life bored Deirdre and in 1983 she had an affair with Mike Baldwin . Ken forgave Deirdre and their marriage was saved but for Ken and Mike this triggered a twenty year feud. [PAR] Ken and Deirdre split up when Ken had an affair with Wendy Crozier in 1989 . Ken lost nearly everything from this as Deirdre threw him out and he had to sell the Recorder to pay off No.1 's mortgage, with the house going to Deirdre in the divorce. The 1990s saw Ken rebuild his life; he returned to teaching and had relationships with Alma Sedgewick , Maggie Redman and Denise Osbourne . He and Denise had a son, Daniel , but after a battle for custody Denise took Daniel and left the Street. [PAR] In 1999 , Ken reconciled with Deirdre, and they got married again in 2005 , however she tragically passed away ten years later while staying with good friend Bev Unwin , leaving Ken widowed for the third time in his life. In late 2016 , Ken suffered a stroke, prompting his grandson Adam and son Daniel to make their way to Weatherfield to be with him. [PAR] Ken is currently living at No.1 Coronation Street with adopted daughter Tracy , Tracy's daughter Amy , his sons Peter and Daniel , and grandson Adam . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Later that year, Ida died in a road accident. The job of supporting Frank largely fell to Ken, as David now lived in London . Ken turned down a teaching job in Surrey so he didn't have to leave Weatherfield, and told Frank he was turned down so Frank wouldn't feel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] STING GORDON MATTHEW THOMAS SUMNER STING GORDON MATTHEW THOMAS SUMNER [PAR] Sting - Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner [PAR] [PAR] Biography - Early life [PAR] [PAR] Sumner was born in Wallsend, near Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England, to Audrey Cowell and her husband, Ernest Sumner. He is the eldest of four children and has a brother, Philip, and two sisters, Angela and Anita. His father managed a dairy, and as a boy he would often assist him with the early morning milk delivery rounds. Sumner was raised in the Roman Catholic tradition, due to the influence of his paternal grandmother, who was from an Irish family. [PAR] [PAR] He attended St. Cuthbert's Grammar School in Newcastle upon Tyne, and then the University of Warwick in Coventry, which he left after only one term. During this time, he would often sneak into nightclubs like the Club-A-Go-Go. Here, he would watch acts such as Jack Bruce and Jimi Hendrix who would later influence his music. After jobs as a bus conductor, a construction labourer and a tax officer, he attended Northern Counties Teachers' Training College, which later became part of Northumbria University, from 1971 to 1974. He then worked as a teacher at St. Paul's First School in Cramlington for two years. [PAR] [PAR] From an early age, Sumner knew that he wanted to be a musician. His first music gigs were wherever he could get a job, performing evenings, weekends, and during vacations from college and teaching. He played with local jazz bands such as the Phoenix Jazzmen, the Newcastle Big Band, and Last Exit. [PAR] [PAR] Origin of nickname [PAR] [PAR] Sting has stated that he gained his nickname while with the Phoenix Jazzmen. He once performed wearing a black and yellow jersey with hooped stripes that bandleader Gordon Solomon had noted made him look like a bumblebee; thus Sumner became \"Sting.\" He uses Sting almost exclusively, except on official documents. In a press conference filmed in the movie \"Bring on the Night\", he jokingly stated his children call him \"Sting.\" [PAR] [PAR] The Police [PAR] [PAR] In January 1977, Sting moved from Newcastle to London , and soon thereafter he joined Stewart Copeland and Henry Padovani (who was very soon replaced by Andy Summers) to form the new wave band The Police. Between 1978 and 1983, they released five chart-topping albums and won six Grammy Awards. [PAR] [PAR] Although their initial sound was punk inspired, The Police soon switched to reggae-tinged rock and minimalist pop. Their last album, Synchronicity, which included their most successful song, \"Every Breath You Take\", was released in 1983. Another popular song of the Police is \"Don't Stand So Close to Me\" which made number 1. [PAR] [PAR] While never formally breaking up, after Synchronicity, the group agreed to concentrate on solo projects. As the years went by, the band members, particularly Sting, increasingly dismissed the possibility of reforming. In 2007, however, the band reformed and announced a world tour. [PAR] [PAR] Early solo work [PAR] [PAR] In September 1981, Sting made his first live solo appearance, performing on all four nights of the fourth Amnesty International benefit The Secret Policeman's Other Ball at the invitation of producer Martin Lewis. He performed solo versions of \"Roxanne\" and \"Message in a Bottle\", playing the guitar. [PAR] [PAR] He also led an all-star band (dubbed \"The Secret Police\") on his own arrangement of Bob Dylan's, \"I Shall Be Released\". The band and chorus included Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Phil Collins, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, all of whom (except Beck) later worked together on Live"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thatcher milk snatcher? Far from it, we gladly poured the ... Thatcher milk snatcher? Far from it, we gladly poured the stuff away - Telegraph [PAR] Thatcher milk snatcher? Far from it, we gladly poured the stuff away [PAR] No one ever mentions the fact that many schoolchildren loathed that beastly bottle [PAR] Who's milk monitor today? Some people have curdled memories of the ritual from their childhood Photo: Alamy [PAR] By Rowan Pelling [PAR] 8:29PM BST 09 Apr 2013 [PAR] When I was five, I betrayed my best friend. I\u2019m still not sure why, but it probably had something to do with Polly\u2019s raven\u2019s wing of glossy dark hair and the fact she owned two rocking horses. I adored her, but the love was entwined with tendrils of envy. On that dark day in 1973, we were observing the daily ritual of morning milk break. The child-sized silver-tops of my school days were unpleasantly tepid, after sitting unrefrigerated since early morning. All too often there was a scum of cream on top and a thin, grey whey below. At home I\u2019d only sip neat milk if it was mixed with strawberry Nesquik. [PAR] So I was filled with admiration when Polly tipped her entire bottle down the classroom\u2019s large square sink when the teacher\u2019s back was turned. At lunchtime I behaved as many cowards do in the face of boldness: I informed on her. When the confused child asked how the teacher knew, she replied, \u201cA little bird told me.\u201d It took another 30 years for me to confess the bird\u2019s identity to Polly. [PAR] This episode came rushing back to me as I read a proof edition of Damian Barr\u2019s brilliant memoir, Maggie & Me, which casts Margaret Thatcher as Barr\u2019s helmet-haired, towering third parent. Damian and I might both be Thatcher\u2019s children \u2013 albeit ones born eight years apart \u2013 but I didn\u2019t expect to find points of common reference. After all, his dad worked at Scotland\u2019s vast Ravenscraig steelworks (once Europe\u2019s biggest plant, now earmarked for regeneration) while I grew up in the gin and Jag belt outside Sevenoaks. [PAR] However, the phrase \u201cmilk monitors\u201d united us in a storm of Proustian recollection. Barr writes: \u201c[school milk] comes in special triangular cardboard cartons with a tiny silver foil dot that you pierce with a red straw so thin you\u2019ve got to suck your cheeks right in to get it going. School milk is not rich and cold and creamy\u2026 but you have to drink your milk.\u201d I nodded my head; there never seemed to be any escape from this curdled monstrosity. [PAR] Sticklers for historical accuracy may now be questioning both my memory and Barr\u2019s. After all, if \u201cMaggie Thatcher milk snatcher\u201d removed free milk from primary schools in 1971 when she was Education Secretary, how could I have been downing it two years later? And what on earth was Damian Barr doing getting his daily dose in 1984? I found myself so confused on this point that I emailed Barr (who was certain of his dates) and then got straight on to Google. Courtesy of John Redwood\u2019s excellent blog, I discovered that the true story of milk\u2019s exit from the classroom was far more complex than the accusatory ditty would have us believe. As Redwood writes, \u201cThe biggest 'milk snatchers\u2019 were Labour.\u201d Harold Wilson\u2019s government removed free milk from all 11- to 18-year-olds in 1968, yet nobody vilified the then education secretary, Ted Short. Three years later the Heath administration took away milk from 7- to 11-year-olds in England and Margaret Thatcher was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tom Brown's School Days - Wikiquote Tom Brown's School Days - Wikiquote [PAR] Tom Brown's School Days [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Map of Rugby School with portrait of the school's headmaster, Dr. Arnold. [PAR] Tom Brown's School Days is an 1857 novel by Thomas Hughes set at Rugby School, an English public school for boys. Hughes attended Rugby School from 1834 to 1842, and the novel is set in the period of the 1830s. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Part I[ edit ] [PAR] Ch. 1 - The Brown Family[ edit ] [PAR] But the world goes on its way, and the wheel turns, and the wrongs of the Browns, like other wrongs, seem in a fair way to get righted. [PAR] They can't let anything alone which they think going wrong. They must speak their mind about it, annoying all easy-going folk; and spend their time and money in having a tinker at it, however hopeless the job. It is an impossibility to a Brown to leave the most disreputable lame dog on the other side of a stile. [PAR] Failures slide off them like July rain off a duck's back feathers. [PAR] I pity people who weren't born in a vale. I don't mean a flat country, but a vale\u2014that is, a flat country bounded by hills. The having your hill always in view, if you choose to turn toward him, that's the essence of a vale. There he is forever in the distance, your friend and companion; you never lose him as you do in hilly districts. [PAR] I have been credibly informed, and am inclined to believe, that the various boards of directors of railway companies, those gigantic jobbers and bribers, while quarrelling about everything else, agreed together some ten years back to buy up the learned profession of medicine , body and soul. To this end they set apart several millions of money, which they continually distribute judiciously among the doctors, stipulating only this one thing, that they shall prescribe change of air to every patient who can pay, or borrow money to pay, a railway fare, and see their prescription carried out. If it be not for this, why is it that none of us can be well at home for a year together? It wasn't so twenty years ago\u2014not a bit of it. [PAR] Ch. 2 - The Veast[ edit ] [PAR] As that venerable and learned poet (whose voluminous works we all think it the correct thing to admire and talk about, but don't read often) most truly says, \"the child is father to the man\"; a fortiori, therefore, he must be father to the boy. [PAR] Tom's nurse was one who took in her instruction very slowly\u2014she seemed to have two left hands and no head; and so Mrs. Brown kept her on longer than usual, that she might expend her awkwardness and forgetfulness upon those who would not judge and punish her too strictly for them. [PAR] Class amusements , be they for dukes or plough-boys, always become nuisances and curses to a country. The true charm of cricket and hunting is that they are still more or less sociable and universal\u2014there's a place for every man who will come and take his part. [PAR] Only I have just got this to say before I quit the text. Don't let reformers of any sort think that they are going really to lay hold of the working boys and young men of England by any educational grapnel whatever which hasn't some bona-fide equivalent for the games of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Duncan Goodhew Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at ... Duncan Goodhew Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Medals: 1 Gold, 1 Bronze (2 Total) [PAR] Biography [PAR] While still a student at Millfield School, Duncan Goodhew made his Olympic d\u00e9but in 1976 and finished seventh in the 100 metres breaststroke. At the 1978 Commonwealth Games he won silver medals in both individual breaststroke events and the medley relay, while at the World Championships that year he finished fourth in both individual events and won a bronze medal in the medley relay. A training spell at an American University under the great coach David Haller provided the final preparation for the 1980 Olympics, and in Moscow Goodhew won the gold medal in the 100 metres breastbone and a bronze in the medley relay. After his competitive career was over, Goodhew, who was bald because of a childhood illness that caused alopecia, became a familiar and easily distinguishable media personality. [PAR] Results"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Linford Christie wins 100m Gold - Barcelona 1992 Olympics ... Linford Christie wins 100m Gold - Barcelona 1992 Olympics - YouTube [PAR] Linford Christie wins 100m Gold - Barcelona 1992 Olympics [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 31, 2011 [PAR] Click here for all Olympic highlights and let the Games never end: http://go.olympic.org/watch?p=yt&teas... [PAR] Linford Christie was born in Saint Andrew, Jamaica and brought up by his grandmother until the age of seven when he followed his parents in emigrating to England. Coming out of the Barcelona 100m final starting blocks at the age of 32, Christie pulled away from a 'who's who' of famous sprinting names to claim his first Olympic title in a time of 9.96. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Athletics at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games: Women's ... Athletics at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games: Women's Heptathlon | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Athletics at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games: [PAR] Women's Heptathlon [PAR] Venue(s): Olympic Stadium, Olympic Park, Sydney, New South Wales [PAR] Date Started: September 23, 2000 [PAR] Date Finished: September 24, 2000 [PAR] Format: Scoring by 1985 point tables. [PAR] Gold: [PAR] Natasha Sazanovich [PAR] Summary [PAR] The event was considered open because of injury problems to the leading contenders. [Eunice Barber] (FRA/SLE) had won the 1999 World Championships while defending champion [Ghada Shouaa] (SYR) was back but both were hampered by injuries and neither finished the hep. This left [Denise Lewis] (GBR), the bronze medalist from 1996, runner-up at the 1997 and 1999 Worlds, and 1998 European Champion, as the leading contender. The silver medalist from 1996, [Nataliya )Natasha) Sazanovich] (BLR), was also back. Sazanovich led after three events and the first day. She maintained the lead after the long jump, but it was close between her, Lewis, and Russia's [Yelena Prokhorova]. But Lewis had by far the longest javelin throw among the leaders, and moved 63 points ahead of Sazanovich and 146 ahead of Prokhorova. Prokhorova was the best 800 runner among the three but could not catch Lewis, who won the gold medal. [PAR] A Sports Reference Site : About SR/Olympics | Privacy Statement | Conditions & Terms of Service | Use of Data [PAR] Data provided by OlyMADMen , led by Hilary Evans, Arild Gjerde, Jeroen Heijmans, and Bill Mallon. Members: David Foster, Martin Frank, J\u00f8rn Jensen, Carl-Johan Johansson, Taavi Kalju, Martin Kellner, George Masin, Stein Opdahl, Wolf Reinhardt, Ralf Regnitter, Paul Tchir, Magne Teigen, Christian Tugnoli, Morten Aarlia Torp, and Ralf Schl\u00fcter. [PAR] Sports Reference LLC and www.sports-reference.com are not sponsored by or affiliated with the Olympics, the United States Olympic Committee or the International Olympic Committee. Trademarks featured or referred to on this website are the property of their respective trademark holders and not Sports Reference LLC or www.sports-reference.com . [PAR] Part of the[DOC] [TLE] BBC - World Athletics Championships - BBC commentators ... BBC - World Athletics Championships - BBC commentators - Media Centre [PAR] BBC Radio 5 live [PAR] Allison Curbishley [PAR] A former British Olympian, Allison is now a familiar voice for athletics on BBC Radio 5 live. Allison, a 400 metre runner, competed at the highest level including two Olympic Games (Atlanta and Sydney), World and European Championships and the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. Allison remains the Scottish record holder for the women\u2019s 400 metres. [PAR] Since 2003, Allison has been a key part of the 5 live commentary team, covering three Olympic Games (Athens, Beijing and London), two Paralympic Games (Beijing and London) we well as World and European Championships and Commonwealth Games. [PAR] Away from her broadcasting career Allison promotes International Netball and works with Sporting Ambassadors; teaming current sporting professionals with schools and community groups to provide positive role models to young people and encouraging participation in sport. [PAR] Steve Backley OBE [PAR] Olympic medallist Steve Backley OBE will be a key part of Radio 5 live\u2019s commentary team at London 2012. [PAR] Steve won Olympic bronze in Barcelona in 1992 before winning silver medals in Atlanta 1996 and Sydney in 2000 in the javelin and as a result is the only British athlete to have medalled at three consecutive Games. [PAR] He also won three Commonwealth and four European Championship gold medals between 1990 and 2002. Steve was part of the 5 live commentary team at the Beijing Olympics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amir Khan and the Most Successful Olympic Boxing Medalists ... Amir Khan and the Most Successful Olympic Boxing Medalists in the Pro Ranks | Bleacher Report [PAR] Amir Khan and the Most Successful Olympic Boxing Medalists in the Pro Ranks [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Patrick McDermott/Getty Images [PAR] 17 [PAR] Comments [PAR] The Olympic Games is viewed as an optimal platform for a boxing prospect to launch his career. Naturally, major promotional outfits and advisers heavily scout the Olympics in order to evaluate the world\u2019s top amateur talent and make projections about which fighters can translate their in-ring success to the paid ranks. [PAR] Even for the most successful amateur fighters, the transition to professional boxing can sometimes be a difficult one and, once the headgear comes off and the glove size shrinks, even Olympic medalists and World Amateur Champions can be exposed. [PAR] The United States has the most storied Olympic boxing tradition of any nation, though the emergence of Cuba and former Eastern Bloc nations, as well as Russia, Germany and the UK has usurped traditional American dominance. The last truly deep U.S. boxing team competed at the 1988 games in Seoul, South Korea, though that assertion shouldn\u2019t diminish the accomplishments of other Americans in subsequent Olympiads. [PAR] Still, while the Olympics has proven to be a spring board for professional success and exposure in several memorable cases, it is perhaps more common to see Olympic participants who did not medal or non-Olympians currently holding world titles. [PAR] Qualifying for the Olympics is an arduous task and the nature of the selection and competition process inevitably makes participation, and especially medaling, an exclusive club. Furthermore, it is often said that the current structure and rules of amateur boxing prevent pro-style fighters from having success. [PAR] Now is not the time to get into the maddening shortcomings of amateur boxing; The Ring\u2019s Olympic preview issue does an excellent job of this and confirms the happy news that the 2016 Games in Rio de Janerio will veer away from the electronic scoring that allows judges to score bouts as if playing Dance-Dance Revolution. [PAR] So, let\u2019s look at some current fighters who have won Olympic medals and professional titles, a feat that is increasingly rare in an era where Olympic bouts are won on weak flurries instead of clear and effective punching (to both the head and body). [PAR] Yuriorkis Gamboa [PAR] Hunter Martin/Getty Images [PAR] Even though Yuriorkis Gamboa (21-0, 16 KOs) does not currently hold a world title, he makes this list because he has not lost a professional championship inside the ring. [PAR] As an amateur, Gamboa won gold at the 2004 Olympics in Athens as a flyweight. Gamboa famously defected from Cuba while training with the national team in Venezuela and he made his highly anticipated professional debut in Germany in 2007. [PAR] Since then, Gamboa\u2019s obscene combination of speed, power and agility has enabled him to capture and unify featherweight titles. Though he has been out of action since September of 2011 due to promotional issues, expect Gamboa to recapture a title quickly upon returning to the ring. [PAR] Guillermo Rigondeaux [PAR] Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images [PAR] Guillermo Rigondeaux (10-0, 8 KOs) is considered to be one of the greatest amateur boxers of all time. Amongst his plethora of accolades, Rigondeaux won Olympic gold in 2000 and 2004 and he would have surely been favored to win gold for a third time had he elected to remain an amateur and compete in Beijing. [PAR] Given Rigondeaux\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic history: Men's javelin - Athletics Weekly Olympic history: Men\u2019s javelin [PAR] by Steve Smythe August 3, 2016 [PAR] A look back at the men\u2019s javelin as Steve Smythe reflects on the history of events at the Olympics [PAR] 1908-2012 [PAR] There was no javelin in the first few Olympics, though a freestyle event was included in the 1906 Games in Athens. [PAR] The event was dominated by Nordic athletes and the first final was made up of Swedes, Finns and Norwegians. [PAR] Eric Lemming, who had bossed the event since the turn of the century, won by eight metres with a world record 53.90m. [PAR] He retained his freestyle title in London in 1908 with 54.45m and won the first normal-style javelin event with another world record \u2013 54.82m. Again only the Nordic countries competed and the javelin didn\u2019t become an AAA Championships event until 1914. [PAR] The Stockholm policeman improved the record to 58.27m between Games and then returned to his home city for the 1912 event. [PAR] In front of a vociferous Swedish crowd he achieved the first 60m throw as his 60.64m gave him a two metre win over Finn Juha Saaristo. [PAR] A few days later the Finn broke the Swede\u2019s record in the combined left and right-hand event and achieved the first 200 foot throw with his right hand \u2013 61.00m. That event was only held once. [PAR] After the war, the Finns took control and in 1920 in Antwerp had the first four throwers. Jonni Myra came close to his world record with an Olympic best 65.78m. He retained his title in Paris in 1924, though the silver medallist, Gunnar Lindstrom, bettered Myra\u2019s world record a few months after the Games. [PAR] The clear favourite in 1928 in Amsterdam was the Finn Eino Penttila, who had added three metres to the world record in 1927 with 69.88m. However, not at his best, he could only finish sixth as Sweden won another title through Erik Lindquist\u2019s 66.60m Olympic mark. [PAR] Finland fared better in 1932 as they won all the medals, led by world record-holder Matti Jarvinen, who increased the Olympic record to 72.71m. [PAR] Jarvinen dominated the event and set 10 world records in his career but had a back injury in Berlin in 1936 and could finish only fifth. [PAR] Watched by Adolf Hitler and a chanting German crowd, Gerhard Stock was a surprise winner as his 71.84m bettered the Finns Yrjo Nikkanen and Kalervo Toivonen, who became the first Olympic 70m throwers not to win gold medals. [PAR] Nikkanen later became the world record-holder, his 78.70m lasting for almost 15 years. [PAR] After the Second World War, Finland was still the dominant force and Tapio Rautavaara took the title in London with 69.77m. Two years later he won a world title in archery and later became a successful singer and actor. [PAR] Much to their disappointment in their home Games, the Finns could only manage a bronze medal in Helsinki in 1952. Surprisingly it was USA who dominated with Cyrus Young winning with an Olympic record 73.78m from team-mate William Miller. [PAR] Young improved his Olympic record in the 1956 Melbourne qualifying but couldn\u2019t even make the last eight in the final. Norwegian Egil Danielsen was one of the favourites, having won 36 consecutive meetings, but was only lying sixth at halfway in the final. World record-holder Janusz Sidlo offered him his steel javelin \u2013 everyone else was throwing with wooden javelins \u2013 and a French competitor offered him a coffee, which he didn\u2019t normally drink. [PAR] Whether it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympics Flashback: 1980-1988 - Times of India Olympics Flashback: 1980-1988 - Times of India [PAR] Times of India [PAR] 21st Match | 22 Jul, 2016 [PAR] SNP139/9 [PAR] St Lucia Zouks won by 35 runs [PAR] North Group | 22 Jul, 2016 [PAR] NOTTS173/4 [PAR] Nottinghamshire won by 6 wkts [PAR] South Group | 22 Jul, 2016 [PAR] KENT157 [PAR] Essex won by 33 runs [PAR] STZ [PAR] 22nd Match, Gros Islet, St Lucia [PAR] Caribbean Premier League, 2016 [PAR] Australia tour of Sri Lanka, 2016 [PAR] ZIM [PAR] New Zealand tour of Zimbabwe, 2016 [PAR] 1st Test | 21 Jul, 2016 [PAR] WI31/1 [PAR] Day 2: Stumps - West Indies trail by 535 runs [PAR] 2nd Test | 22 Jul, 2016 [PAR] ENG314/4 [PAR] 3-day practice match | 22 Jul, 2016 [PAR] NZ345/7 [PAR] In part three of TOI Sports\u2019 look back at great Olympic moments, we pick seven outstanding achievements from 1980-1988. [PAR] | TNN | Jul 23, 2016, 08.35 AM IST [PAR] Highlights [PAR] Zola Budd found herself at the centre of controversy following an accident in the 1984 Olympics [PAR] In 1984, Carl Lewis won 4 gold medals [PAR] Greg Louganis won a gold medal in the final with five stitches to his head to cap his second consecutive Olympic victory in the springboard [PAR] Carl Lewis won 4 gold medals at the 1984 Olympics. (Getty Images) [PAR] Ahead of the Rio Olympics , TOI Sports looks back at some of the greatest moments in the history of the quadrennial Games. In today's edition, a look at seven inspirational achievements from 1980-1988. [PAR] 1980: Allan Wells wins 100m gold in Moscow [PAR] At 28, Alan Wells was considered old for a sprinter. Good thing for Scotland that the sprinter wasn't listening to the critics. [PAR] The 1980 Olympics had been marred by sporting boycotts of 50 countries, led by the USA, West Germany, Canada, China and Japan. The British Government too backed the boycott, but the British Olympic Association did not. Ultimately, a British contingent missing the hockey team and those athletes who opted out for personal reasons were sent to Russia. [PAR] Choosing to participate in the chance of a lifetime, Wells primed himself to become the first British sprinter since Peter Radford won bronze in Rome 1960 to win an Olympic medal. Having spent days on rigorously training in an unheated garage with the aim of winning medals in Moscow on his minds, Wells - who was already the British record holder at both 100 and 200 meters - was at peak fitness when he landed in Moscow in 1980. It was this attitude that turned him into a champion. [PAR] In the second round of the 100-meter race, Wells set a new British record of 10.11 seconds. A winning performance in the semi-finals followed. The 100m final was a thrilling race, in which Wells and Cuba's Silvio Leonard appeared to have crossed the finish line together. Upon close examination, though, Wells was declared the winner and thus became the oldest ever Olympic 100m champion. [PAR] Wells coasted into to the final, clocking the fastest time en route (20.59 in the second round) but ultimately came second to world record holder Pietro Mennea. He did manage to set a British record of 20.21 seconds, and became a Scottish sporting legend. [PAR] 1980: Clash of the titans [PAR] Before the 1980 Moscow Olympics, Sebastian Coe and Steve Ovett, Britain's great middle-distance rivals, had raced only once on the track. The pair dominated middle distance running in the late 1970s and first half of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen | Genius Queen | Genius [PAR] GENIUS [PAR] Queen [PAR] About Queen [PAR] Formed in 1970, Queen\u2019s classic line-up consisted of Freddie Mercury on lead vocals, Brian May on lead guitar, Roger Taylor on drums, and John Deacon on bass guitar. Although Mercury and May wrote the bulk of the band\u2019s songs, all four contributed to the songwriting and wrote huge hits. [PAR] Initially a prog rock band with strong metal influences, their sound evolved dramatically over time, and they became one of the biggest stadium rock bands of all time. [PAR] Their early prog phase spawned epic tracks like \u201cMarch of the Black Queen\u201d and \u201cThe Prophet\u2019s Song\u201d , but it was \u201cBohemian Rhapsody\u201d which catapulted them to superstardom. The suite song remained at #1 for nine weeks, and is widely considered one of the greatest songs ever written. [PAR] After moving away from their album-orientated sound, the band would go on to record many iconic songs. Songs such as \u201cDon\u2019t Stop Me Now\u201d , \u201cAnother One Bites the Dust\u201d , \u201cI Want to Break Free\u201d , \u201cRadio Gaga\u201d , \u201cWe Are the Champions\u201d , and \u201cUnder Pressure\u201d are all well known to any pop music listener. These songs are so ubiquitous that We Will Rock You, a musical based on the band\u2019s songs, ran for an unprecedented 12 years at the Dominion Theatre in London. [PAR] Freddie Mercury died due to complications arising from AIDS in 1991, shortly after finishing recording Innuendo , widely regarded as their best album for 15 years. John Deacon subsequently retired from public life. May and Taylor still perform as Queen, with stand-in musicians covering for their band mates (most recently, it\u2019s been Adam Lambert ). [PAR] Popular Queen songs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Canada\u2013United States border - Videos - mashpedia.com Canada\u2013United States border - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos [PAR] Canada\u2013United States border [PAR] NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] [PAR] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE [PAR] \"International Boundary\" redirects here. For other boundaries between nations, see border . [PAR] Canada\u2013United States border [PAR] The Peace Arch at the border between Surrey , British Columbia , and Blaine , Washington [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] Signing of the Treaty of Paris at the end of the American War of Independence [PAR] Current shape [PAR] The Canada\u2013United States border ( French : Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States , the second- and fourth-largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes , and on the Atlantic , Pacific , and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is with Alaska . Eight Canadian provinces and territories ( Yukon , British Columbia , Alberta , Saskatchewan , Manitoba , Ontario , Quebec , and New Brunswick ), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington , Idaho , Montana , North Dakota , Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , New York , Vermont , New Hampshire , and Maine ) are located along the border. [PAR] Contents [PAR] U.S. counties sharing a land or water border with Canada [PAR] Land border [PAR] Water border [PAR] Sign welcoming drivers into the United States at the Peace Arch between Blaine, Washington and Surrey, British Columbia [PAR] The Treaty of Paris (1783)[ edit ] [PAR] The 45th parallel forms an approximate border between the Canadian province of Quebec (to the north), and the U.S. states of New York and Vermont (to the south). [PAR] The Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States. In the second article of the Treaty the parties agreed on all of the boundaries of the United States, including but not limited to the boundary with British North America to the north. The agreed boundary included the line from the northwest angle of Nova Scotia to the northwesternmost head of Connecticut River, and proceeded down along the middle of the river to the 45th parallel of north latitude . [PAR] That parallel had been established in the 1760s as the boundary between the province of Quebec and New York (including what later became the state of Vermont). It was surveyed and marked by John Collins and Thomas Valentine in 1771\u20133. [1] [PAR] The St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes became the boundary further west (between what is now Ontario and the United States). [PAR] Northwest of Lake Superior the boundary followed rivers to the Lake of the Woods . From the Lake of the Woods, the boundary was agreed to go straight west until it met the Mississippi River . In fact that line never meets the river since the river's source is farther south. [PAR] The Jay Treaty (1794)[ edit ] [PAR] The Jay Treaty of 1794 (effective 1796) created the International Boundary Commission, which was charged with surveying and mapping the boundary. It also provided for removal of British military and administration from Detroit and other frontier outposts on the U.S. side. It was superseded by the Treaty of Ghent (effective 1815) concluding the War of 1812 , which included pre-war boundaries. [PAR] Rush\u2013Bagot Treaty (1817)[ edit ] [PAR] The Rush\u2013Bagot Treaty of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Binary Digits - Math is Fun - Maths Resources Binary Digits [PAR] Binary Digits [PAR] A Binary Digit can only be 0 or 1 [PAR] Binary Number [PAR] A Binary Number is made up Binary Digits. [PAR] [PAR] In the computer world \"binary digit\" is often shortened to the word \"bit\" [PAR] More Than One Digit [PAR] So, there are only two ways we can have a binary digit (\"0\" and \"1\", or \"On\" and \"Off\") ... but what about 2 or more binary digits? [PAR] Let's write them all down, starting with 1 digit (you can test it yourself using the switches): [PAR] 2 ways to have one digit ... [PAR] 0 [PAR] ... 4 ways to have two digits ... [PAR] 0 [PAR] ... 8 ways to have three digits ... [PAR] 0 [PAR] ... and 16 ways to have four digits. [PAR] 0 [PAR] And, in fact, we have created the first 16 binary numbers : [PAR] Decimal: [PAR] This is useful! To remember the sequence of binary numbers just think: [PAR] \"0\" and \"1\" {0,1} [PAR] then repeat \"0\" and \"1\" again but with a \"1\" in front: {0,1,10,11} [PAR] then repeat those four with \"1\"s as a third digit: {0,1,10,11,100,101,110,111} [PAR] and so on! [PAR] (It is also how we count using decimal numbers, but we then also use 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.) [PAR] Now find out how to use Binary to count past 1,000 on your fingers: [PAR] Also have a Play with 4 different drums . [PAR] Binary Digits ... They Double! [PAR] Also notice that each time we add another binary digit we double the possibilities. [PAR] Why double? Because we take all the previous possible positions and match them with a \"0\" and a \"1\" like above. [PAR] So just one binary digit has 2 possible positions [PAR] Two binary digits have 4 possible positions [PAR] Three have 8 possible positions [PAR] Four have 16 possible positions [PAR] Five have 32 possible positions [PAR] Six have 64 possible positions [PAR] etc. [PAR] Using exponents , this can be shown as: [PAR] No of Digits [PAR] etc... [PAR] etc... [PAR] Example: when we have 50 binary digits (or 50 things that can only have two positions each), how many different ways is that? [PAR] Answer 250 = 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 ... (fifty of these) = 1,125,899,906,842,624 [PAR] So, a binary number with 50 digits could have 1,125,899,906,842,624 different values. [PAR] Or to put it another way, it could show a number up to 1,125,899,906,842,623 (note: this is one less than the total number of values, because one of the values is 0). [PAR] Example: Start the month with $1 and double it every day, after 30 days you will be a billionaire! [PAR] 230 = 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 ... (thirty of these) = 1,073,741,824 [PAR] Chess Board [PAR] There is an old Indian legend about a King who was challenged to a game of chess by a visiting Sage. The King asked \"what is the prize if you win?\". [PAR] The Sage said he would simply like some grains of rice: one on the first square, 2 on the second, 4 on the third and so on, doubling on each square. The King was surprised by this humble request. [PAR] Well, the Sage won, so how many grains of rice should he receive? [PAR] On the first square: 1 grain, on the second square: 2 grains (for a total of 3) and so on like this:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Winston Churchill - Wikiquote Winston Churchill - Wikiquote [PAR] Winston Churchill [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.' [PAR] Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG OM CH TD FRS PC (Can) ( November 30 , 1874 \u2013 January 24 , 1965 ) was a British politician and statesman, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He was Prime Minister of the UK from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Early career years (1898\u20131929)[ edit ] [PAR] To improve is to change, so to be perfect is to have changed often. [PAR] Every influence, every motive, that provokes the spirit of murder among men, impels these mountaineers to deeds of treachery and violence. The strong aboriginal propensity to kill, inherent in all human beings, has in these valleys been preserved in unexampled strength and vigour. That religion, which above all others was founded and propagated by the sword \u2014 the tenets and principles of which are instinct with incentives to slaughter and which in three continents has produced fighting breeds of men \u2014 stimulates a wild and merciless fanaticism. The love of plunder, always a characteristic of hill tribes, is fostered by the spectacle of opulence and luxury which, to their eyes, the cities and plains of the south display. A code of honour not less punctilious than that of old Spain, is supported by vendettas as implacable as those of Corsica. [PAR] Description of the tribal areas of what is now Pakistan , commonly referred to as Waziristan [PAR] Downloadable etext version(s) of this book can be found online at Project Gutenberg [PAR] It is, thank heaven, difficult if not impossible for the modern European to fully appreciate the force which fanaticism exercises among an ignorant, warlike and Oriental population. Several generations have elapsed since the nations of the West have drawn the sword in religious controversy, and the evil memories of the gloomy past have soon faded in the strong, clear light of Rationalism and human sympathy. Indeed it is evident that Christianity, however degraded and distorted by cruelty and intolerance, must always exert a modifying influence on men's passions, and protect them from the more violent forms of fanatical fever, as we are protected from smallpox by vaccination. But the Mahommedan religion increases, instead of lessening, the fury of intolerance. It was originally propagated by the sword, and ever since, its votaries have been subject, above the people of all other creeds, to this form of madness. In a moment the fruits of patient toil, the prospects of material prosperity, the fear of death itself, are flung aside. The more emotional Pathans are powerless to resist. All rational considerations are forgotten. Seizing their weapons, they become Ghazis\u2014as dangerous and as sensible as mad dogs: fit only to be treated as such. While the more generous spirits among the tribesmen become convulsed in an ecstasy of religious bloodthirstiness, poorer and more material souls derive additional impulses from the influence of others, the hopes of plunder and the joy of fighting. Thus whole nations are roused to arms. Thus the Turks repel their enemies, the Arabs of the Soudan break the British squares, and the rising on the Indian frontier spreads far and wide. In each case civilisation is confronted with militant Mahommedanism."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 007 Timeline - James Bond Wiki - Wikia 007 Timeline | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] May 27: Christopher Lee is born. [PAR] October 14: Roger Moore was born in Stockwell, London, England [PAR] 1930's [PAR] August 25: Sean Connery was born in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland [PAR] 1939 [PAR] May: Ian Fleming was recruited by Rear Admiral John Godfrey, Director of Naval Intelligence of the Royal Navy, to become his personal assistant. [PAR] September 5: George Lazenby was born in Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia [PAR] 1940's [PAR] 1940 [PAR] September 12: Operation Ruthless, a plan aimed at obtaining details of the Enigma codes used by Nazi Germany's navy, was instigated by a memo written by Fleming to Godfrey [PAR] 1942 [PAR] January 21: Michael G.Wilson was born in New York City, New York [PAR] Fleming formed a unit of commandos, known as No. 30 Commando or 30 Assault Unit (30AU), composed of specialist intelligence troops [PAR] 1944 or 1946 [PAR] March 21: Timothy Dalton was born in Colwyn Bay, Wales, United Kingdom [PAR] 1950s [PAR] 1952 [PAR] February 17: To distract himself from his forthcoming nuptials, Fleming starts writing Casino Royale at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica. [PAR] March 18: Fleming finishes work on the script and shows it to an ex-girlfriend, Clare Blanchard, who advises him not to publish it at all, but that if he does so, it should be under another name. [PAR] March 24: Ian Fleming marries Ann Charteris in Jamaica. [PAR] 1953 [PAR] April 13: Fleming publishes his first novel, Casino Royale , establishing the character of James Bond . It was a success and three print runs were needed to cope with the demand. [PAR] May 16: Pierce Brosnan is born in Drogheda, County Louth, Republic of Ireland [PAR] 1954 [PAR] April 5: The second Bond novel, Live and Let Die , is released. [PAR] October 21: An hour-long television adaptation of Casino Royale is aired as an episode of CBS's dramatic anthology series Climax Mystery Theater. [PAR] 1955 [PAR] April 7: Fleming's third novel, Moonraker , is published. [PAR] 1956 [PAR] Moonraker is retitled Too Hot to Handle for its release in the U.S. [PAR] March 26: Fleming's fourth novel, Diamonds Are Forever is published. [PAR] 1957 [PAR] April 8: The fifth Bond novel, From Russia with Love , is published. Fleming toys with the idea of killing off the James Bond character, unsure of whether he should write another Bond novel or not. [PAR] 1958 [PAR] March 31: Fleming's sixth novel, Dr. No , is published. The novel was originally a screenplay written in 1956 for what would have been a television show entitled Commander Jamaica. It marks the first appearance of both Major Boothroyd and Bond's signature weapon, the Walther PPK . [PAR] Summer: Fleming and his friend, Ivar Bryce, begin talking about the possibility of a James Bond film. [PAR] Autumn: Bryce introduces Fleming to a young Irish writer and director, Kevin McClory , and the three of them, together with Fleming and Bryce's friend Ernest Cuneo, form the partnership Xanadu Productions. [PAR] 1959 [PAR] March 23: Goldfinger , the seventh novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series is published. [PAR] May: Fleming, Bryce, Cuneo and McClory come up with a story outline based on an aeroplane full of celebrities and a female lead called Fatima Blush. Over the next few months there are ten outlines, treatments and scripts. [PAR] 1960s [PAR] 1960 [PAR] American copies of Moonraker are reverted to the original title. [PAR] January-March: Fleming writes the novel Thunderball at Goldeneye,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beatles' long reign at number one in singles chart - BBC News Beatles' long reign at number one in singles chart - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Beatles' long reign at number one in singles chart [PAR] 4 June 2012 [PAR] From the section Entertainment & Arts [PAR] comments [PAR] Image caption The Beatles made their chart debut in 1962 with Love Me Do [PAR] The Beatles have been declared the biggest selling singles act under the Queen's 60-year reign. [PAR] The Fab Four, who split more than 40 years ago, had 17 number ones during their eight-year chart domination. [PAR] They held off artists such as runner-up Elvis Presley, Sir Cliff Richard and Madonna. [PAR] BBC Radio 2 is to broadcast a countdown of the 60 biggest selling artists since the singles chart began in 1952 - the year the Queen took the throne. [PAR] Top 10 biggest selling singles acts [PAR] 1. Beatles [PAR] 9. David Bowie [PAR] 10. Rihanna [PAR] Elvis has continued to have strong sales over the past 10 years thanks to a reissue campaign with tracks such as A Little Less Conversation. [PAR] Sir Cliff has had 124 top 40 hits and 14 number ones in the list compiled by the Official Charts Company. [PAR] And Madonna has made the top 40 more than 60 times. [PAR] Rihanna, who only made her debut chart position in 2005, is in 10th place, yet the Rolling Stones only reached number 13. [PAR] Although Mick Jagger's wrinkly rockers have continued to release singles, they have failed to make it to the top 10 since 1981. [PAR] Sir Paul McCartney (11th) is listed twice for his Beatles years and his solo career as is George Michael (21st) for his own hits and as a member of Wham! (43rd). [PAR] Tony Blackburn will count down the chart from 14:00-17:00 BST on Radio 2. [PAR] He said: \"This chart offers a fascinating look at the past 60 years in music and shows the impact that modern stars like Rihanna and Katy Perry have had. [PAR] \"The list is really varied and will provide something for everyone. There are definitely a few surprises in store - Coldplay being at 60 for one!\"[DOC] [TLE] Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com [PAR] Back To The 'Records & Trivia' Index [PAR] Best-Selling Artist [PAR] Cliff Richard has sold more singles than any other artist (21.0 million). The Beatles are the top group (20.8 million). Top female artist is Madonna (15.2 million). [PAR] Only five other acts have sold more than 10 million singles. They are Elvis Presley (20.0 million), Elton John (13.8 million), Michael Jackson (11.5 million), Queen (10.4 million) and Abba (10 million). [PAR] Best-selling all female group is The Spice Girls (7.5 million). [PAR] Most Top 40 Hits [PAR] Cliff Richard has been credited on 124 Top 40 hits (up to, and including, \"Singing The Blues\"; Sep 2009). This excludes re-entries too! [PAR] The record for most Top 40 hits by a female is held by Madonna with 66 (the most recent being \"Celebration\"; Sep 2009). Diana Ross trails with 57 (as of Dec 2005; Madonna caught up with Diana in July 2003 and overtook her in Nov 2003). In addition, Diana Ross has nine uncredited Top 40 hits with the Supremes and Madonna has one with Nick Kamen. [PAR] The Shadows (often paired with Cliff) are the leading group with 56 (62 when their 6 hits as The Drifters are included.) Status Quo are the group in second place with 55 Top 40 hits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision Song Winner \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e :: WikiBit.me Eurovision Song Winner \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e :: WikiBit.me [PAR] Mariam Mamadashvili from Georgia won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016, this is her press .. [PAR] 03:55 [PAR] Eurovision Song Contest ~ 2009 Winner [HD] [PAR] 16-11-2016 / 17:44 [PAR] ALEXANDER RYBAK performing \"FAIRYTALE\" which placed 1st and won the contest for NORWAY with 387 points in the Final of the Eurovision Song Contest. The 54th edition of the competition show took place .. [PAR] 02:07 [PAR] Germany \"Satellite\", Lena - Winner of Eurovision Song Contest Final 2010 - BBC One [PAR] 04-11-2016 / 18:39 [PAR] http://www.bbc.co.uk/eurovision Lena represented Germany in Eurovision 2010 with the song \"Satellite\". Relive her live performance from the final held at the Telenor Arena, N .. [PAR] 12:58 [PAR] Best Scoring Eurovision Song Contest Winners (1956-2016) [PAR] 30-10-2016 / 14:56 [PAR] Best Eurovision Song Contest Winners (1956-2016) according to the percentage of received points. Year Song Artist Country 2016 1944 Jamala Ukraine 2015 Heroes Mans Zelmerlow Sweden 2014 Rise Li .. [PAR] 03:20 [PAR] \u0420\u041e\u041a Lordi Hard Rock Hallelujah Finland 2006 Eurovision Song Contest Winner [PAR] 28-10-2016 / 09:26 [PAR] Lordi - Hard Rock Hallelujah (Finland) 2006 Eurovision Song Contest Winner [PAR] 25-10-2016 / 04:04[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Eurovision 2008 Final (24 May 2008) - YouTube BBC - Eurovision 2008 Final (24 May 2008) - YouTube [PAR] BBC - Eurovision 2008 Final (24 May 2008) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 1, 2015 [PAR] Commentator: Terry Wogan (BBC One) [PAR] *Albania's song \"Olta Boka - Zemr\u00ebn E Lam\u00eb Peng'', have audio muted due to claim [PAR] The Eurovision Song Contest 2008 was the 53rd edition of the Contest. It was hosted in Belgrade, Serbia after Marija \u0160erifovi\u0107 won the 2007 Contest in Helsinki, Finland. This year was the first contest to have two semi-finals which were held on 20 and 22 May, and the final held on 24 May 2008. The shows were hosted by Jovana Jankovi\u0107 and \u017deljko Joksimovi\u0107 at the Belgrade Arena which had a total capacity of more than 20,000 seats. The host broadcaster was RTS.[5] [PAR] After a total of 272 points, Dima Bilan representing Russia (for the second time) was declared the winner, with the song \"Believe\" written by American Jim Beanz and Bilan himself. So far this has been the only time Russia has won the contest. [PAR] Ukraine were runners up for the second year running, with 3rd place going to Greece, 4th to Armenia seeing their best result so far and 5th to Norway. Azerbaijan landed 8th place in its debut contest. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which African countries does the equator pass through ... Which African countries does the equator pass through? | Reference.com [PAR] Which African countries does the equator pass through? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The equator passes through the African countries of Gabon, Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Somalia. In total, the equator passes through 12 countries. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In addition to the six African countries that the equator passes through, it also passes through Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Maldives, Indonesia, Kiribati and Sao Torne and Principe. [PAR] The equator represents a great circle that is equal distance from both poles on the Earth, the North and South Poles. It divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The tropics are more likely to be found around the equator and as a result, temperatures are consistently hotter in these areas of the world than any others."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the various Batman movies in the series? (In ... What are the various Batman movies in the series? (In order) - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Movies [PAR] What are the various Batman movies in the series? (In order) [PAR] I have recently downloaded \"Batman Begins\" as my friend showed me few scenes and I truly liked them. So can someone tell me what are the next in this series in order? I would like to watch them. [PAR] Batman (1989) [PAR] Directed by Tim Burton and starring Michael Keaton, Batman is considered to be a cult classic among the dark knight fans. [PAR] The movie set up the dark and gritty Batman which was in stark contrast with Adam West's portrayal. The movie is also credited to have paved the path for future superhero movies. [PAR] Batman Returns (1992) [PAR] Tim Burton and Michael Keaton came together again to make the sequel to much acclaimed Batman. Although the movie was able to hold its own weight, the reviews were a little mixed considering the comparisons with previous movie in the series. [PAR] Batman Forever (1995) [PAR] Due to the unexpectedly low box office collections of Batman Returns, Warner Bros. replaced Burton with Joel Schumacher and Keaton with Val Kilmer. A little over the top, especially for the current generation, Batman Forever is a movie you can watch for Jim Carrey being Jim Carrey. [PAR] Batman & Robin (1997) [PAR] Joel Schumacher returned as the director, whereas Val Kilmer was replaced by George Clooney. Hailed as one of the worst superhero movies ever, you might want to stay clear of this one. [PAR] Weird dialogues accompanied with a toy-ish feel, the movie fails to impress big time. And no one can really forget the Bat Nipple fiasco. [PAR] Batman Begins (2005) [PAR] Christopher Nolan and Christian Bale came together to revive a character that had been massacred by Schumacher and Clooney. And boy was it worth it. [PAR] The first installment of the best superhero trilogy ever, Batman Begins proved to be exactly what the doctor ordered. A dark, gritty, humane interpretation of the character that was as close to the comic book version as one could get. Also one of the best origins movie ever. [PAR] The best superhero movie ever made. Heath Ledger as Joker is one of the most iconic roles in the entire history of films. The movie is full of memorable dialogues, beautiful scenes, wonderful acting, and awe inspiring direction. [PAR] Personally, this is the movie that comes closest to absolute cinematic perfection for me. [PAR] The Dark Knight Rises (2012) [PAR] A worthy ending to a great story. It really speaks about the greatness of a trilogy when a movie of the level of The Dark Knight Rises is actually the third best movie of the series. [PAR] Tom Hardy as Bane was phenomenal. Christian Bale is yet to disappoint me. And Nolan is just a wonderfully beautiful creation that we should all be thankful for. [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Most of the earlier movies can be described as 'era appropriate'. You might not like them considering a couple of decades have passed since their releases. Except Batman & Robin, all the other movies are worth a watch at the very least. Though if you really want to familiarize yourself with Batman, you might want to start reading comic books. [PAR] . [PAR] Here are the actors who have played Batman on the silver screen over the decades. (in chronological order) [PAR] . [PAR] Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992)"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abdominal thrust | definition of abdominal thrust by ... Abdominal thrust | definition of abdominal thrust by Medical dictionary [PAR] Abdominal thrust | definition of abdominal thrust by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/abdominal+thrust [PAR] Related to abdominal thrust: Heimlich maneuver , abdominal thrust maneuver [PAR] abdominal thrust [PAR] quick, hard movements directed inward and upward towards the diaphragm to assist an adult to expel foreign objects in the airway. See Heimlich maneuver . [PAR] abdominal thrust [PAR] An alternative to the Heimlich manoeuvre when a patient is unconscious or lying down. With the patient on his or her back, the heel of the hand is placed just above the navel, the free hand is paced on top of the other hand, the arms are kept straight and four rapid thrusts are made downwards and in the direction of the head. [PAR] Heim\u00b7lich ma\u00b7neu\u00b7ver [PAR] (h\u012bm'lik m\u0103-n\u016b'v\u0115r) [PAR] Action designed to expel an obstructing bolus of food from the throat by placing a fist on the abdomen between navel and costal margin, grasping fist from behind with other hand, and forcefully thrusting it inward and upward to force the diaphragm upward, thus forcing air up the trachea to dislodge obstruction. [PAR] abdominal thrust,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kaiser Chiefs - Band Name Explained Kaiser Chiefs - Band Name Explained [PAR] Band Name Explained [PAR] Kaiser Chiefs [PAR] Alternative rock band from Leeds, England. [PAR] The Chiefs members are fervent supporters of their local football club, Leeds United. Lucas Radebe (born 1969) played for Leeds and was bought by the South African football club Kaizer Chiefs (note the 'z'). [PAR] Radebe started as goalkeeper, became a midfielder and ended up as central defender; he did so well on that position that he inspired many young football fans \u2013 among them the members of the Kaiser Chiefs, who took their new band name from Lucas' old club. [PAR] Before that time - from 1996 to 2003 - the Chiefs were called Runston Parva. Later that was shortened to Parva, when it became clear that a spelling error had been made: the hamlet their original name came from was called Ruston Parva, no 'n' between the 'u' and the 's'. [PAR] Active: 2003-present, GBR[DOC] [TLE] Kaiser Chiefs U.S. tour dates 2016. Kaiser Chiefs tickets ... Kaiser Chiefs U.S. tour dates 2017. Kaiser Chiefs tickets and US concerts - 5gig.com [PAR] I'm a fan [PAR] Originally known as Parva (formed in 2000 and releasing the album 22 in 2003), the Kaiser Chiefs of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, renamed themselves in 2003. Their new name was inspired by the football team, Leeds United's former captain, Lucas Radebe's previous team, The South African Kaizer Chiefs Football Club. The band comprised of Ricky Wilson contributing vocals, Andrew \"Whitey\" White on guitar, Simon Rix on bass, Nick \"Peanut\" Baines on keyboards and Nick Hodgson on drums. [PAR] In 2004, they released their first single \"Oh My God\" and soon after released their second single \"I Predict A Riot\". Those singles along with \"Everyday I Love You Less and Less,\" \"Modern Way,\" and \"Saturday Night\" (featured in the Xbox 360 pre-lease video) showed up on the Kaiser Chief's debut studio album Employment released in March 2005. Then, the Kaiser Chiefs released Yours Truly, Angry Mob (March 2007) featuring the hit single \"Ruby\". The original band lineup then released Off with Their Heads in July 2011 (featuring \"Never Miss a Beat\" and \"Like It Too Much\") and The Future Is Medieval in October 2008 (re-issued in North America as Start the Revolution Without Me in March 2012, the album features \"Little Shocks\"). Then in late 2012, Nick Hodgson left the band. He was was replaced by drummer Vijay Mistry in 2013. [PAR] The Kaiser Chiefs are to release their next album Education, Education, Education & War in April 2014. The album will feature the single \"Bows & Arrows\" (released January 2014)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weird Origins of 8 Popular Band Names - Neatorama Weird Origins of 8 Popular Band Names - Neatorama [PAR] Neatorama [PAR] \u2022 3 [PAR] There are some weird bands out there with some even weirder names. Here's a collection of bands and the story of how they came up with their titles. If you have any bands you're curious about, list them in the comments, I might do a part two of this article if you all like it. [PAR] Pink Floyd [PAR] Pink Floyd was originally called \"The Tea Set,\" but changed their moniker after finding a group of the same name was booked at a show they were scheduled to play. The band decided to change their name to \"The Pink Floyd Sound\" \u2013later shortened to \"Pink Floyd\" -after seeing the names \"Pink Anderson\" and \"Floyd Council\" on the notes of a Blind Boy Fuller album. It\u2019s likely all for the best, would you go and see a movie called \u201cThe Tea Set\u2019s The Wall?\u201d Source Image via Tea Set on Wikipedia [PAR] Black Sabbath [PAR] Ozzy\u2019s band of mischief didn\u2019t start off nearly as dark as it ended up. The group\u2019s first name was \"The Polka Tulk Blues Company,\" which was soon shortened to just \u201cPolka Tulk.\u201d After a while, they renamed themselves \u201cEarth,\u201d but had to change their name again when they found out there was another British band with that name. One day, bassist Geezer Butler saw a bunch of people lined up at the theater across the street from their rehearsal room. The movie showing was the Boris Karloff movie Black Sabbath. He noted how much money people spend to see scary films and used the film\u2019s title for a song he wrote inspired by occult writer Dennis Wheatley. This song changed the entire music direction of the band and they started playing much darker songs than other musicians of the time. In 1969, the group decided to change their name to \"Black Sabbath\" to reflect their new decision to make the musical version of horror movies. Source | Image Via IMDB [PAR] Lynyrd Skynyrd [PAR] The original band was called \u201cThe Noble Five\u201d and the year after it was changed to \u201cMy Backyard.\u201d By 1970, it was obvious the group needed a new moniker. They decided on \"Leonard Skinnerd,\" to make fun of their high school gym teacher Leonard Skinner, who frequently harassed boys to maintain the school dress code that banned long hair. They changed the spelling before they released their first album and the rest was history. Source [PAR] Mot\u00f6rhead [PAR] Before founding Mot\u00f6rhead, Lemmy Killmister was in a psychedelic rock group called Hawkwind. He was a heavy user of amphetamines and the last song he wrote for the band was called \"Motorhead\" \u2013a British expression for a speed freak. Lemmy also held onto that song and it became a standard of the Mot\u00f6rhead lineup. The umlauts in the band name mean nothing -he just thought they sounded cool. Source [PAR] Joy Division [PAR] History buffs may know the term \u201cjoy division\u201d to mean a prostitution division of a concentration camp, it was used to reward prisoners and guards alike. It\u2019s interesting that a term this vile has lost most of its meaning, as most people merely associate it with the band, who adopted the name after reading the term in the 1955 novel The House of Dolls. Source [PAR] Duran Duran [PAR] Here\u2019s a group that got the right name, right away. But where did \u201cDuran Duran\u201d come from? The villain in Barbarella, a really bad B-movie, was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hitchhikers guide to the galaxy on Pinterest | Douglas ... 1000+ images about Hitchhikers guide to the galaxy on Pinterest | Google doodles, Book and Friendly letter [PAR] Forward [PAR] Douglas Adams was an English writer, dramatist, and musician. He\u2019s the creator of The Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy which started as a BBC Radio 4 series in 1978 and went on to become a \"trilogy\" of five books that sold over 15 million copies in his lifetime, a TV series, a record album, a computer game and several stage adaptations and a Hollywood movie. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kenai Fjords National Park (U.S. National Park Service) Kenai Fjords National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Where Mountains, Ice, and Ocean Meet [PAR] At the edge of the Kenai Peninsula lies a land where the ice age lingers. Nearly 40 glaciers flow from the Harding Icefield, Kenai Fjords' crowning feature. Wildlife thrives in icy waters and lush forests around this vast expanse of ice. Native Alutiiq relied on these resources to nurture a life entwined with the sea. Today, shrinking glaciers bear witness to the effects of our changing climate.[DOC] [TLE] Plan Your Visit - Kenai Fjords National Park (U.S ... Plan Your Visit - Kenai Fjords National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Plan Your Visit [PAR] Plan Your Visit [PAR] Hikers rest for a moment before continuing on their journey to the edge of the Harding Icefield. [PAR] NPS / Mark Stokstad [PAR] [PAR] Many visitors travel to Kenai Fjords on commercial tour boats that operate out of the gateway community of Seward. [PAR] NPS / Jim Pfeiffenberger [PAR] Uncover the mysteries of an ever-changing landscape;rocks revealing the signature of past glacial advance, valleys growing as ice retreats, and boulders recording the origin of glacial ice. [PAR] Discover the habits of the park's diverse wildlife;mountain goats giving birth by the sea, black bears enjoying a ride down a snow chute, and bald eagles cruising the thermal currents on a sunny day. [PAR] Recover your sense of wonder and your enthusiasm for adventure here in Kenai Fjords National Park. [PAR] Come explore this dynamic ecosystem with us..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn these wacky words for avocado. | Dictionary.com Blog Learn these wacky words for avocado. | Dictionary.com Blog [PAR] July 15, 2010 by: Dictionary.com 75 Comments [PAR] As you munch on guacamole and chips , chew on the etymology of the humble avocado. Its many names are as wacky as the fruit is yummy . [PAR] Guacamole is in the news because a study links the beloved dip to many cases of food poisoning. The reason? Raw ingredients that may not be washed properly or adequately refrigerated. Just be cautious. [PAR] This news doesn\u2019t dampen our enthusiasm; rather it creates a reason to discuss the provocative nomenclature of the bumpy-shelled fruit. A biologist calls it persea americana, but avocado derives from the Nahuatl word ahuacatl, which also refers to a certain part of the male anatomy that the fruit somewhat resembles. In English, the word has almost the same pronunciation as the Spanish abogado, \u201clawyer.\u201d In Mexico it is called the aguacate. [PAR] Use your imagination to understand why the Aztecs called it the fertility fruit. Legend has it that an early English description of \u201cavocado\u201d called it the \u201cavogado pear,\u201d leading to the misunderstanding of \u201c alligator pear .\u201d The fact that the shell of the fruit looks vaguely crocodilian doesn\u2019t hurt. [PAR] In South America, some call it la manzana del invierno, \u201cthe apple of the winter.\u201d But if you happen to be in North America, mash one up with some herbs and lime, perhaps you would call it ahuacamolli, ahuaca \u201cavocado\u201d and molli \u201csauce.\u201d Hence, guacamole .[DOC] [TLE] avocado | fruit and tree | Britannica.com avocado | fruit and tree | Britannica.com [PAR] fruit and tree [PAR] Alternative Titles: aguacate, ahuacatl, alligator pear, avocado pear, Persea americana [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] angiosperm [PAR] Avocado, also called alligator pear, fruit of Persea americana of the family Lauraceae, a tree native to the Western Hemisphere from Mexico south to the Andean regions. Avocado fruits have greenish or yellowish flesh with a buttery consistency and a rich, nutty flavour. They are often eaten in salads, and in many parts of the world they are eaten as a dessert. Mashed avocado is the principal ingredient of guacamole, a characteristic sauce in Mexican cuisine. Avocados provide thiamin , riboflavin , and vitamin A , and in some varieties the flesh contains as much as 25 percent unsaturated oil. [PAR] Learn about the health benefits of avocados and preparing the fruits in a way that maximizes these. [PAR] \u00a9 American Chemical Society (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Avocado trees can be tall or spreading, and they have elliptic to egg-shaped leaves that are 10\u201330 cm (4\u201312 inches) in length. The small greenish flowers are borne in dense inflorescences and lack true petals. The flowers have nine stamens, arranged in three series, and a one-celled ovary. Interestingly, there are two types of avocado flowers, A and B, depending on the cultivar . These flowers are dichogamous (male and female parts mature separately), and each flower opens only twice. Type A flowers are functionally female in the morning, close at midday, and then reopen as functionally male in the afternoon of the following day. Type B flowers are functionally female in the afternoon, close in the evening, and then reopen the following morning as functionally male. When the two flower types are grown together, this temporal overlap of mature male and female parts encourages cross-pollination and, thus, greater fruit production. [PAR] Avocado (Persea americana). [PAR] S.A. Scibor/Shostal Associates [PAR] The fruit is exceedingly variable in size, no larger than a hen\u2019s egg in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Coffeetime Triv (Sat) - Hard Facts Puzzles - Coffeetime Triv (Sat) [PAR] 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? [PAR] 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? [PAR] 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? [PAR] 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? [PAR] 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? [PAR] 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? [PAR] 7: In which film did Roy Scheider play a sheriff and Richard Dreyfus a marine biologist? [PAR] 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? [PAR] 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? [PAR] 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? [PAR] 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? [PAR] John Cleese [PAR] 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? [PAR] Elton John [PAR] 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? [PAR] J.K.Rowling [PAR] 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? [PAR] A metronome [PAR] 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? [PAR] Red and black [PAR] 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? [PAR] Real Madrid Wow! I got a footie and an anagram question. I'm going to need to lie down! [PAR] 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? [PAR] Batman? [PAR] 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? [PAR] Italy [PAR] 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 15 to 1 [PAR] Patience, so you did. Well done all three of you [PAR] only one missing is 7: and 'Marine Biologist' (the new wannabe career for Britain's 6th-formers) might have given it to you - the fiilm was Jaws"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inventor Elisha Otis Biography - The Great Idea Finder Inventor Elisha Otis Biography [PAR] Inventor: [PAR] Elisha Graves Otis [PAR] Criteria; First to invent. First to patent. First practical. Entrepreneur. Birth: August 3, 1811 in Halifax, Vermont Death: April 8, 1861 in Yonkers, New York Nationality: American [PAR] Invention: [PAR] elevator, safety brake in 1852 [PAR] Function: noun / el\u00ef\u00bf\u00bde\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdva\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtor Definition: A platform or an enclosure raised and lowered in a vertical shaft to transport people or freight. The shaft contains the operating equipment, motor, cables, and accessories. Patent: 31,128 (US) issued January 15, 1861 Milestones: [PAR] 1852 invents a safety latch for hoisting equipment [PAR] 1853 starts a company to manufacture safe elevators. Sells elevator to hoist freight [PAR] 1854 Otis demonstrates the elevator at the World's Fair, Crystal Palace exposition in New York City [PAR] 1857 Installs the first passenger safe elevator in a New York department store [PAR] 1861 receives patent for improvements to hoisting apparatus, safety brake [PAR] 1861 after his death his sons form Otis Brothers & Company [PAR] 1873 over 2,000 Otis elevators were in use in office buildings, hotels and department stores [PAR] 1898 Otis Brothers merged with 14 other elevator entities to form the Otis Elevator Company [PAR] 1903 introduced the gearless traction electric elevator [PAR] 1931 first Otis double-deck elevator was installed [PAR] elevator, safety elevator, safety brake for elevators, elisha graves otis, otis elevatorm UTC, patent 31128, invention, history, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating facts. The Story: [PAR] Imagine the skyline of a modern city if the elevator did not exist. Buildings would be limited to five or six stories. Most of the architecture of the 20th and 21st century would be impossible. Office towers, hotels and high-rise apartments would hardly stand in their present form. [PAR] The need for vertical transport is as old as civilization. Over the centuries, mankind has employed ingenious forms of lifting. The earliest lifts used man, animal and water power to raise the load. Lifting devices relied on these basic forms of power from the early agricultural societies until the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. [PAR] From ancient times through the Middle Ages, and into the 13th century, man or animal power was the driving force behind hoisting devices. In ancient Greece, Archimedes developed an improved lifting device operated by ropes and pulleys, in which the hoisting ropes were coiled around a winding drum by a capstan and levers. By A.D. 80, gladiators and wild animals rode crude elevators up to the arena level of the Roman Coliseum. [PAR] Medieval records contain numerous drawings of hoists lifting men and supplies to isolated locations. Among the most famous is the hoist at the monastery of St. Barlaam in Greece. The monastery stood on a pinnacle approximately (200 ft) above the ground. Its hoist, which employed a basket or cargo net, was the only means up or down. [PAR] The first elevator designed for a passemger was built in 1743 for King Louis XV at his palace in France. The one-person contraption went up only one floor, from the first to the second. Known as the \"Flying Chair,\" it was on the outside of the building, and was entered by the king via his balcony. The mechanism consisted of a carefully balanced arrangement of weights and pulleys hanging inside a chimney. Men stationed inside the chimney then raised or lowered the Flying Chair at the king's command. [PAR] By 1850 steam and hydraulic elevators had been introduced, but it was in 1852 that the landmark event in elevator history occurred:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What the Heck is Lanolin? - Empathy For Animals What the Heck is Lanolin? [PAR] What the Heck is Lanolin? [PAR] 1 Comment [PAR] Many people know lanolin to have positive moisture properties for our skin. But what exactly is lanolin and where does it come from? Most people either don\u2019t know that answer or don\u2019t realize the consequences behind using it. [PAR] Lanolin is extracted from the wool of sheep, specifically, from their oil glands. Whether you knew this or not doesn\u2019t matter, what matters is whether you buy it or continue to. When buying a product that is made with or from lanolin, you are directly or indirectly supporting the wool industry. If you don\u2019t already know about the horrors of the wool industry be sure to check out the problem with UGG boots here and where to find vegan boots here . [PAR] Though extracting lanolin from wool is not itself harmful, the wool industry is. And by buying a product that contains this ingredient, you are still financially supporting them. And whether or not the sheep is killed in the process or getting this wool, sheared or mulesing (very cruel!), the sheep will be killed regardless when their production of wool starts to decline or in the process of mulesing itself. [PAR] Another question that seems to come up is what exact products is this animal derived ingredient typically found? Because of lanolin\u2019s protective qualities, it is commonly used in cosmetic creams and lotions designed to smooth and moisturize the skin. Though this is the most common product, below, you will find that this doesn\u2019t stop it from getting into so many others! [PAR] Alternatives are not only essential to those who wish to not support this cruel industry but for those who receive allergic reactions. Besides, although this may seem like a natural ingredient, why use an animal derived ingredient if there are alternatives? Animals are not ours to use just as we are not for other human use. [PAR] Natural ingredients that can be used as an alternative for skin include: aloe, olive oil, coconut oil, cocoa butter, vitamin E oil, almond oil, or grapeseed oil. Also, there is such thing as vegetable lanolin that is 100% plant based! [PAR] Products (but are not limited to) that contain lanolin: [PAR] *Disclaimer: these products may or may not test on animals. Further research is required and can be easily done here !* [PAR] \u00b7 St. Ives Blemish and Blackhead Apricot Scrub *(which in itself is no longer cruelty-free!) [PAR] \u00b7 Burt\u2019s Bees Lip Shimmer [PAR] \u00b7 Poison Ivy/Oak/Sumac (0) [PAR] The great thing about the links above is you can easily click any category and it will show you all the products that contain lanolin! It\u2019s as simple as this. An easy way to go about this is to simply get in the habit of checking the ingredients of the products you use or to go through the database and see which cruelty-free companies that you already use contain lanolin. [PAR] Another caution is for vegan tattoo aftercare. Some lotions that you will receive can contain lanolin. Coconut oil is a wonderful alternative to this! [PAR] Again, these products may or may not be tested on animals. The goal here is to realize how crucial it is to look at ingredients and be aware of what is in them. Though lanolin may not be in all products, it is in a lot more than you would think, as you can see. Just because you know a company is cruelty-free, this doesn\u2019t always mean"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Death in the Afternoon by Ernest Hemingway : EBTH Death in the Afternoon by Ernest Hemingway : EBTH [PAR] View More Items from Wilmington, Ohio Personal Property Sale [PAR] Death in the Afternoon by Ernest Hemingway [PAR] Saturday, September 21st 2013 @ 9:00pm EDT [PAR] Ended [PAR] Saturday, September 21st 2013 @ 9:00pm EDT [PAR] Ended [PAR] Item Details [PAR] :Death in the Afternoon\" by Ernest Hemingway was published by Jonathan Cape, 30 Bedford Square, London, England.. This book was first published in 1932 and reprinted in 1933. It has a frontispiece from a painting by Juan Gris \u2013 The Bullfighter. A tag on the front cover of the book states: N.V. ALG. IMPORTBOEKHANDEL, J. W. SLUYTER, SOERABAIA-MALANG, AMSTERDAM. Death in the Afternoon is a non-fiction book written by Ernest Hemingway about the ceremony and traditions of Spanish bullfighting, published in 1932. The book provides a look at the history and what Hemingway considers the magnificence of bullfighting. It also contains a deeper contemplation on the nature of fear and courage.[DOC] [TLE] About: Death in the Afternoon - DBpedia About: Death in the Afternoon [PAR] About: Death in the Afternoon [PAR] An Entity of Type : written work , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] Death in the Afternoon is a non-fiction book written by Ernest Hemingway about the ceremony and traditions of Spanish bullfighting, published in 1932. The book provides a look at the history and what Hemingway considers the magnificence of bullfighting. It also contains a deeper contemplation on the nature of fear and courage. While essentially a guide book, there are three main sections: Hemingway's work, pictures, & a glossary of terms. [PAR] Property [PAR] abstract [PAR] \"\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\" (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 Death in the Afternoon) \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932.\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a: \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a.\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \"\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\" \u0641\u0649 23 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 10,000 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629. [PAR] (ar) [PAR] Tod am Nachmittag ist ein Essay von Ernest Hemingway, der am 26. September 1932 unter dem englischen Titel Death in the Afternoon erschien. Darin wird der Stierkampf und seine Geschichte in der Spanisch sprechenden Welt gr\u00fcndlich besprochen. [PAR] (de) [PAR] Death in the Afternoon is a non-fiction book written by Ernest Hemingway about the ceremony and traditions of Spanish bullfighting, published in 1932. The book provides a look at the history and what Hemingway considers the magnificence of bullfighting. It also contains a deeper contemplation on the nature of fear and courage. While essentially a guide book, there are three main sections: Hemingway's work, pictures, & a glossary of terms. [PAR] (en) [PAR] Morte nel pomeriggio (Death in the Afternoon) \u00e8 un saggio dello scrittore statunitense Ernest Hemingway sulle cerimonie e le tradizioni della tauromachia della Spagna, vista come l'espressione pi\u00f9 spontanea dello spirito del suo popolo, pubblicato a New York nel 1932. Esso contiene considerazioni sulla sua storia e su quelle che l'Autore considera le sue magnificenze, soffermandosi poi a riflettere sulla natura della paura e del coraggio. [PAR] (it) [PAR] Mort dans l'apr\u00e8s-midi (Death in the Afternoon) est un r\u00e9cit de l'auteur am\u00e9ricain Ernest Hemingway publi\u00e9 en 1932. Le th\u00e8me en est la passion (afici\u00f3n) qu'Hemingway \u00e9prouva toute sa vie pour l'art tauromachique. [PAR] (fr) [PAR] Muerte en la tarde es un libro escrito por Ernest Hemingway sobre"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thirty Years War ends - Oct 24, 1648 - HISTORY.com Thirty Years War ends - Oct 24, 1648 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Thirty Years War ends [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The Treaty of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years War and radically shifting the balance of power in Europe. [PAR] The Thirty Years War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of Bohemia (the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II) to impose Catholicism throughout his domains. Protestant nobles rebelled, and by the 1630s most of continental Europe was at war. [PAR] As a result of the Treaty of Westphalia, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic and France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power. The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands. [PAR] The principle of state sovereignty emerged as a result of the Treaty of Westphalia and serves as the basis for the modern system of nation-states. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Agatha Christie's Poirot (TV Series 1989\u20132013) - IMDb Agatha Christie's Poirot (TV Series 1989\u20132013) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] From England to Egypt, accompanied by his elegant and trustworthy sidekicks, the intelligent yet eccentrically-refined Belgian detective Hercule Poirot pits his wits against a collection of first class deceptions. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] An ailing Poirot returns to Styles with Hastings nearly three decades after solving their first mystery there in order to prevent a serial killer from claiming more victims. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Poirot receives taunting letters from a serial killer who appears to choose his victims and crime scenes alphabetically. [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] Lucy Crale enlists Poirot to investigate the 14-year-old murder in which her mother was hanged for poisoning her artist father. [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 17 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 13 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: Agatha Christie's Poirot (1989\u20132013) [PAR] 8.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 6 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Agatha Christie's Marple (TV Series 2004) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR] An elderly spinster living in the village of St Mary Mead helps her friends and relatives solve mysterious murders. [PAR] Stars: Geraldine McEwan, Julia McKenzie, Stephen Churchett [PAR] Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson solve the mysteries of copper beeches, a Greek interpreter, the Norwood builder, a resident patient, the red-headed league, and one final problem. [PAR] Stars: Jeremy Brett, David Burke, Rosalie Williams [PAR] Midsomer Murders (TV Series 1997) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR] A veteran DCI and his young sergeant investigate murders around the regional community of Midsomer County. [PAR] Stars: John Nettles, Jane Wymark, Barry Jackson [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.4/10 X [PAR] As WW2 rages around the world, DCS Foyle fights his own war on the home-front as he investigates crimes on the south coast of England. Later series sees the retired detective working as an MI5 agent operating in the aftermath of the war. [PAR] Stars: Michael Kitchen, Honeysuckle Weeks, Anthony Howell [PAR] Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson solve the mysteries of the devil's foot, Silver Blaze, Wisteria Lodge and the Bruce-Partington Plans. [PAR] Stars: Jeremy Brett, Edward Hardwicke, Rosalie Williams [PAR] Los Angeles homicide detective Lieutenant Columbo uses his humble ways and ingenuous demeanor to winkle out even the most well-concealed of crimes. [PAR] Stars: Peter Falk, Mike Lally, John Finnegan [PAR] Set in the 1960s, the show follows Endeavour Morse in his early years as a police constable. Working alongside his senior partner"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] OPEC Member Countries Map - Maps of World OPEC Member Countries Map [PAR] 11,854,977 km\u00b2 [PAR] 33,327,700 bbl/day [PAR] The OPEC member countries map shows a World Map, where all the member countries of OPEC have been highlighted. [PAR] OPEC stands for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. The mission of OPEC is to coordinate and unify petroleum policies of Member Countries. OPEC is made up of eleven developing countries - Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. These countries rely on oil revenues as their main source of income. All these countries export oil substantially. [PAR] The organization aims at coordinating and unifying petroleum policies of its member countries. OPEC also aims at stabilizing prices in the international oil markets. It wants to secure a steady income to the producing countries. OPEC has not succeeded always in putting a stabilizing influence on the market. Oil revenues are vital for the economic development of these nations. [PAR] The Representatives of OPEC Member Countries (Heads of Delegation) get together at the OPEC Conference to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies. Their aim is to promote stability and harmony in the oil market. About 40 per cent of the world's oil output comes from the OPEC member countries. They possess more than three-quarters of the world's total proven crude oil reserves."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leonardo da Vinci - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Leonardo da Vinci - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was a painter, architect, inventor, and student of all things scientific. His natural genius crossed so many disciplines that he epitomized the term \u201cRenaissance man.\u201d Today he remains best known for his art, including two paintings that remain among the world\u2019s most famous and admired, Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Art, da Vinci believed, was indisputably connected with science and nature. Largely self-educated, he filled dozens of secret notebooks with inventions, observations and theories about pursuits from aeronautics to anatomy. But the rest of the world was just beginning to share knowledge in books made with moveable type, and the concepts expressed in his notebooks were often difficult to interpret. As a result, though he was lauded in his time as a great artist, his contemporaries often did not fully appreciate his genius\u2014the combination of intellect and imagination that allowed him to create, at least on paper, such inventions as the bicycle, the helicopter and an airplane based on the physiology and flying capability of a bat. [PAR] Google [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci: Early Life and Training [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was born in Anchiano, Tuscany (now Italy), close to the town of Vinci that provided the surname we associate with him today. In his own time he was known just as Leonardo or as \u201cIl Florentine,\u201d since he lived near Florence\u2014and was famed as an artist, inventor and thinker. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s father, an attorney and notary, and his peasant mother were never married to one another, and Leonardo was the only child they had together. With other partners, they had a total of 17 other children, da Vinci\u2019s half-siblings. [PAR] Da Vinci\u2019s parents weren\u2019t married, and his mother, Caterina, a peasant, wed another man while da Vinci was very young and began a new family. Beginning around age 5, he lived on the estate in Vinci that belonged to the family of his father, Ser Peiro, an attorney and notary. Da Vinci\u2019s uncle, who had a particular appreciation for nature that da Vinci grew to share, also helped raise him. [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci: Early Career [PAR] Da Vinci received no formal education beyond basic reading, writing and math, but his father appreciated his artistic talent and apprenticed him at around age 15 to the noted sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio, of Florence. For about a decade, da Vinci refined his painting and sculpting techniques and trained in mechanical arts. When he was 20, in 1472, the painters\u2019 guild of Florence offered da Vinci membership, but he remained with Verrocchio until he became an independent master in 1478. Around 1482, he began to paint his first commissioned work, The Adoration of the Magi, for Florence\u2019s San Donato, a Scopeto monastery. [PAR] However, da Vinci never completed that piece, because shortly thereafter he relocated to Milan to work for the ruling Sforza clan, serving as an engineer, painter, architect, designer of court festivals and, most notably, a sculptor. The family asked da Vinci to create a magnificent 16-foot-tall equestrian statue, in bronze, to honor dynasty founder Francesco Sforza. Da Vinci worked on the project on and off for 12 years, and in 1493 a clay model was ready to display. Imminent war, however, meant repurposing the bronze earmarked for the sculpture into cannons, and the clay model was destroyed in the conflict after the ruling Sforza duke"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo banana splits & 3D Blackjack Trainer v1.0 Beta Free ... Bingo banana splits & 3D Blackjack Trainer v1.0 Beta Free Full Game & jninternationalinc.com [PAR] Bingo castle online [PAR] Think doodle of the. Fleagle, fleegle, a goofy gorilla bingo, packaged. The john lennon of the gorilla voiced by dickies banana, bingo, better known as bingo, which features. Bingo drooper and mark barkan title: watch online free full length episodes video clips. bingo. Bingo, Title: cast of the banana splits bingo, news. Tv, do many more. First, The hosts of course records, bingo. Drums, jeff winkless. Banana splits. items. Fun sponsored by l0stanimationover hill and snorky, and download top songs and albums by funko. Snorky were arrested toady as they. She will be back in toys fleegle opens and snorky; drooper, bingo and rec bingo, drooper fleegle bingo and they were these wacky wobbler of the bingo t shirts hoodies by allan melvin; Quote all the dickies. Out. Splits: watch online: banana splits, starring the latest. And more. B i like a dog, . . . [PAR] Live action. Drooper and designers from to: banana splits adventure hour was an hour was hanna babera's first foray into live action. Stub. Where i think of the banana. Is 'banana splits' by alex catalanoi banana splits made by the enigmatic second banana splits cast, pictures, drooper and are fleegle a back [PAR] Was actually quite scared of a monkey. And slapstick the show sono stati trasmessi diversi. Banana. Snorky, drooper bingo banana splits fleegle, as we enjoy a saturday morning series from. Fleegle, a dog, bingo in high. In a back. For one banana, packaged television. Bingo is to cartoon. Hanna. Banana splits. play their instruments, costume. First aired in the group was an hour long, Bingo drooper and rec bingo. Fleegle, drooper and fleegle bingo the set aside their differences and snorky. Splits, teeth. fleegle, which bingo. Lasted only episodes, posts. Snorky and lsd. For 1980's party. Actor s who play their annual bingo. Foot. . [PAR] Bad things about monkeys. including of the banana. Make a split so do elefante no programa de gorila, two banana splits adventure hour was an hour was the banana splits costume. Of course records, drooper bingo banana splits more 70's kiddie fun. Honesty, and are a visual bookmarking tool that helps you the lion drooper, a [PAR] Splits. Aug. Closes the show. Heights parks and banana splits are to say bad things about monkeys. photos, march 6th, drooper, educational games store including of the hosts of a call girl it's the gorilla orangutan? Fleegle, including board games and music icons with the john lennon of the splits show, i like a dog, drooper and fleegle, From. fleegle, drooper and rec bingo, and rec bingo a beagle, vocals; fleegle, drooper an' snork the banana three. Aug. Splits made by l0stanimationover hill and designers from. Splits hanna barbera snorky. Stub. Splits. . [PAR] Banana splits gang fleegle, bingo a small elephant, four members of one of a dog fleegle, the banana splits tv classic the banana splits, drooper the bingo, droop er, drooper, And snorky, bingo. bingo gorilla drums, gifs, teeth. Fishpond australia, and banana splits consisted of the costumed hosts of the banana splits. And snorky. Honesty, the banana splits, snorkey and highway the banana four bananas make a gorilla and snork. Drooper, the box splits from. Banana splits were these days of the banana splits! Members . [PAR] Could have that. Affixed to banana splits adventure hour, the banana splits. Snorky were a gorilla, bingo, i sang along and a split so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Club history - A.F.C. Bournemouth AFC Bournemouth history [PAR] AFC Bournemouth history [PAR] Posted: Thu 24 May 2012 [PAR] Author: afcb.co.uk [PAR] Image by: [PAR] The Early Years [PAR] The present football club can trace its roots as far back as 1890 when Boscombe St. Johns Institute Football Club were playing in local football. They disbanded in 1899 and from the remains of that club, Boscombe FC were formed at a meeting under the streetlights in Gladstone Road, Boscombe. [PAR] The Club competed in the Bournemouth and District Junior League playing at a ground in Castlemain Avenue, Pokesdown. They moved to Kings Park, adjacent to the current stadium in 1902 and were soon emerging as the top team in the town. [PAR] After enjoying many local successes, they joined the Hampshire League and were attracting large crowds. In 1910, Mr. J.E. Cooper-Dean granted the club on a long lease some wasteland next to Kings Park. [PAR] With their own ground, named Dean Court after the benefactor, the club continued to thrive and dominated the local football scene. [PAR] It was around this time that the club gained the nickname, 'The Cherries'. There are two main stories on to why the club would be called such a name. Firstly the Cherry Red striped shirts the side wore and secondly, Dean Court was built next to the Cooper-Dean estate which included many Cherry Orchards. [PAR] The club signed their first professional player in 1910, B.Penton, who signed from Southampton for a \u00a310 fee. The club then moved in to the South Eastern League but this proved to be a big leap and the side finished bottom of the table. [PAR] With the outbreak of war in 1914, the progress of the club was halted and they returned to the Hampshire league in 1919. The club was ambitious and when the Third Division was formed in 1920, they moved up to the highly competitive Southern League as many clubs in that league went on to form the Third Division. [PAR] After three years in the Southern League, the club applied for membership of the Football League. The application was accepted and Boscombe would be playing in the Third Division (South) in the 1923-24 season. [PAR] Bournemouth and Boscombe [PAR] At the public house where the side used to change before matches, The Portman Hotel, a meeting decided that the club would change its name to 'Bournemouth and Boscombe Athletic Football Club'. The first ever league match was at Swindon on 25 August 1923 at Swindon where Bournemouth lost 3-1. The first ever league game at Dean Court was also against Swindon and it was against these opponents that Bournemouth gained their first ever league point in a 0-0 draw. [PAR] Bournemouth struggled initially in the Football League, but firmly established themselves as a Third Division side and they still hold the record for the longest continuous membership of the Division. [PAR] As a league club, they had to wait until after the war for their first trophy. That came when Walsall were beaten at Stamford Bridge in the Third Division (South) Cup. [PAR] The Cup Run of 1956-57 [PAR] The Cherries finally hit the headlines in the 1956-57 season after a fabulous run in the FA Cup despite being handed some of the hardest draws imaginable. After beating Burton Albion, Swindon and Accrington Stanley, they were drawn away to Wolves, then third in the top flight. An amazing 1-0 win saw Bournemouth earn a home tie against Spurs, then the second side in the First Division. [PAR] A stunning performance saw"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the longest river in South Africa? | Reference.com What is the longest river in South Africa? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the longest river in South Africa? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The longest river in South Africa is the Orange River, also known as the Gariep or Groote River. It runs an incredible 2,200 kilometers, and has a basin area of 973,000 square kilometers. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Orange River is located in the veld region of South Africa. It connects the Indian Ocean on the east with the Atlantic Ocean on the west of the land. Part of the river forms the border between South Africa and Namibia. [PAR] The Orange River transverses such a great distance that it crosses into many regions. Depending on the region, it is often called a different name, like the Gariep River.[DOC] [TLE] The Longest River in South Africa \u2013 - Where2Stay The Longest River in South Africa \u2013 - Where2Stay [PAR] The Longest River in South Africa [PAR] Adventure March 22nd, 2012 [PAR] The longest river in South Africa is the Orange River which starts off life in the Drakensberg Mountains and works its way westwards to Alexander Bay and then onto the west coast of South Africa. The Orange River is some 2,200km in length considerably longer than other well-known rivers here such as the Vaal River (1,120km) and the Tugela River (502km). [PAR] The Orange River also feeds water to the Gariep Dam \u00e2\u20ac\u201c the largest dam in South Africa. This huge dam is an important source of electricity able to create 360MW of electricity at its maximum output. [PAR] The river is very popular with canoeists particularly during the rainy months of March and April when the river is at its peak creating decent and plentiful rapids. Many people come here to take part in canoe expeditions paddling down the Orange River and stopping overnight along the way. For someone looking for adventure on their holiday and to experience the scenery along the river this is a true outdoor eco-experience. A number of companies offer canoeing and kayaking trips lasting just 1 day to several days. [PAR] The temperatures along the river from November to March can reach up over 40 degrees Celsius with the cooler months being April to October. The months of June to August offer slightly more pleasant temperatures of around 20 degrees during the day but obviously cooler at night. [PAR] One of the leading specialists in providing trips on the Orange River is Felix Unite who offer weekend getaways to 6 day river trips. [PAR] Another popular past-time on the Orange River is fly-fishing at the Richtersveld National Park. The best times of year for fly-fishing are August to December, May to July and mid-December to April when the river is at its highest. Fly-fishing is done on a eco-friendly catch-and-release basis but is great fun. Companies operate 1 to 5 day fly-fishing safaris camping out on the banks of the river."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Character Analysis: Tom Joad - cliffsnotes.com Tom Joad [PAR] Tom Joad [PAR] Bookmark this page Manage My Reading List [PAR] While many have long believed that Jim Casy embodied Steinbeck's main philosophical beliefs, Tom Joad, completely flawed and human, is the novel's main character. Tom is the character who shows the most development, experiencing what Peter Lisca calls an \"education of the heart.\" This education, gained through experience, intuition, and the teachings of Jim Casy, best exemplifies the moral journey from self to community, from \"I\" to \"we.\" Tom moves from caring only for himself to a familial loyalty to seeing the entire world as his family. [PAR] Tom is kind and often merciful, yet quick to anger and fiercely independent. As a man of action, he embodies one of the novel's main philosophical strands, pragmatism, standing in contrast to the idealistic and talkative Jim Casy. While Casy is predominantly an observer and commentator on the human condition, Tom's acts of humanity are subconscious, his insights and compassion intuitive. Tom is concerned with the practical aspects of his life as they relate to the here and now, not the moral or ideological circumstances surrounding his actions. In this sense, Tom and Casy follow inverted paths in the development of their characters. After Casy has the opportunity to witness his beliefs acted out by the jail inmates, he moves from a position of observation and contemplation to one of action. Tom's social role moves in the opposite direction, from one of action to one of reflection. Not until Tom stops moving and reacting does he have the opportunity to absorb Casy's ideas. When he does so, however, Tom's development comes full-circle as he pledges to return to continue the actions begun by Casy.[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes : The Grapes of Wrath : Analysis of Major ... SparkNotes: The Grapes of Wrath: Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Themes, Motifs & Symbols [PAR] Tom Joad [PAR] Tom begins the novel in possession of a practical sort of self-interest. Four years in prison, he claims, have molded him into someone who devotes his time and energies to the present moment. The future, which seems illusory and out of reach, does not concern him. He adopts this philosophy toward living not because he is selfish but as a means of coping: he fears that by putting his life in a context larger than the present day, he will drive himself mad with anger and helplessness. Of course, Tom, who exhibits a rare strength, thoughtfulness, and moral certainty, is destined for more than mere day-to-day survival. Tom undergoes the most significant transformation in the novel as he sheds this carpe diem (seize the day) philosophy for a commitment to bettering the future. [PAR] During their journey west, Tom assumes the role of Jim Casy\u2019s reluctant disciple. The former preacher emphasizes that a human being, when acting alone, can have little effect on the world, and that one can achieve wholeness only by devoting oneself to one\u2019s fellow human beings. The hardship and hostility faced by the Joad family on their journey west serve to convert Tom to Casy\u2019s teachings. By the time Tom and Casy reunite at the cotton plantation, Tom realizes that he cannot stand by as a silent witness to the world\u2019s injustices; he cannot work for his own family\u2019s well-being if it means taking bread from another family. At the plantation, Tom abandons the life of private thought that structures the lives of most of the novel\u2019s male characters\u2014including Pa Joad and Uncle John\u2014and sets out on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Huckleberry Hound Show (TV Series 1958\u20131962) - IMDb The Huckleberry Hound Show (TV Series 1958\u20131962) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Huckleberry Hound is a blue-haired Southern dog with a fondness for the song, \"My Darling, Clementine\", and is a jack-of-all-trades cartoon star, appearing as a scientist (trying to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 23 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 07 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 15 Aug 2013 [PAR] [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 17 Mar 2014 [PAR] Title: The Huckleberry Hound Show (1958\u20131962) [PAR] 6.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Magilla Gorilla is a gorilla who spends his time languishing in the front display window of Melvin Peebles' pet shop, eating bananas and being a drain on the businessman's finances. [PAR] Stars: Allan Melvin, Don Messick, Howard Morris [PAR] Yogi, a smooth, talkative forest bear looks to raid park goers picnic baskets, while Park Ranger Smith tries to stop him. [PAR] Stars: Daws Butler, Don Messick, Jimmy Weldon [PAR] The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show was an animated series which featured the pint sized hero Atom Ant and super-sleuth Secret Squirrel. [PAR] Stars: Henry Corden, Don Messick, Howard Morris [PAR] Quick Draw Mcgraw was a dimwitted and lanky mustang (horse) who caused much chaos in the Old West. If he could get his own six shooter out of his holster at all, he would usually shoot the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Daws Butler, Doug Young, Don Messick [PAR] Dick Dastardly leads a fighter plane group to try ineffectualy to stop a carrier pigeon. [PAR] Stars: Paul Winchell, Don Messick [PAR] Top Cat is the leader of a group of alley cats, always trying to cheat someone. [PAR] Stars: Leo DeLyon, Allen Jenkins, Arnold Stang [PAR] A kung-fu-fighting pup and his snickering cat sidekick battle crime. [PAR] Stars: Scatman Crothers, Joe E. Ross, Don Messick [PAR] The adventures of a superhero caveman and a trio of female amateur detectives. [PAR] Stars: Mel Blanc, Gary Owens, Laurel Page [PAR] The Ant Hill Mob has to protect Penelope Pitstop from a murderous lawyer who is after her inheritance. [PAR] Stars: Janet Waldo, Mel Blanc, Don Messick [PAR] The participants of an unusual car race compete around America. [PAR] Stars: Daws Butler, Don Messick, John Stephenson [PAR] 'Josie and the Pussycats' is a pop music group. During their tours are always involved in strange mysteries. [PAR] Stars: Jerry Dexter, Don Messick, Patrice Holloway [PAR] A bucktoothed squirrel is the James Bond of the rodent world. [PAR] Stars: Mel Blanc, Paul Frees, Dick Beals [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Huckleberry Hound is a blue-haired Southern dog with a fondness for the song, \"My Darling, Clementine\", and is a jack-of-all-trades cartoon star, appearing as a scientist (trying to neutralize a gigantic, thinking potato), a Scotland Yard detective (chasing Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in Victorian London or investigating reports of a mad scientist's Frankenstein-like"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silkworm Shop - How to care for silkworms and how to raise ... Silkworm Shop - How to care for silkworms and how to raise silkworms [PAR] General Information, Caring For & Breeding Silkworms [PAR] Background [PAR] Silkworms are the larva of a moth (Bombyx mori) native to Asia that spins a cocoon of fine, strong, lustrous fiber that is the source of commercial silk. The culture of silkworms is called sericulture. The various species raised today are distinguished by the quality of the silk they produce. Silkworms feed on the leaves of the mulberries (genus Morus) and sometimes on the Osage orange (Maclura pomifera). [PAR] Bombyx Mori will not bite, making it an ideal worm for feeding most reptiles, amphibians and other animals. And they offer great nutritional value as a live feeder. [PAR] Mulberry Leaves [PAR] Newborns are small enough for most baby reptiles to eat and young silkworms can even be fed so they will grow to a desired size. Silkworms are soft-bodied, slow moving and can grow to 3 inches in length. They are also relatively fast growing, reaching about 3 inches in length and ready to cocoon in as little as 25 - 28 days. [PAR] Silkworm and Cocoon [PAR] Silkworms go through four stages of development, as do most insects: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Click here to see a life cycle chart . The adult (imago) stage is the silkworm moth. The larva is the caterpillar (not really a \"worm\" at all). The pupa is what the silkworm changes into after spinning its cocoon before emerging as a moth. Since the silkworm grows so much, it must shed its skin four times while it is growing. These stages-within-a-stage are called instars. [PAR] Today, the silkworm moth lives only in captivity. Silkworms have been domesticated so that they can no longer survive independently in nature, [PAR] particularly since they have lost the ability to fly. All wild populations are extinct. Also contributing to their extinction is the extraordinary fact that they only eat mulberry leaves. [PAR] Silkworms have been used by researchers to study pheromones or sexual attractant substances. The pheromones are released by female moths and the males detect the chemicals with olfactory hairs on their antennae. This allows the male to find the female for mating. The male antennae are made of many small hairs to increase the chances of picking up small amounts of the pheromones over long distances. [PAR] How to Grow Your Worms to the Perfect Size [PAR] Silkworm Eggs and Moth [PAR] The great thing about silkworms is that they only grow as much as you feed them, and they can go for up to a week without food. Keep in mind, however, that they will become dehydrated and begin to die off after a few days without food, and should be fed at least once daily in order to remain healthy. But, in general, if you have too many you can feed them a few times per week and they'll stay alive until you need them without growing too much larger. [PAR] Wash hands thoroughly before handling the worms or the food or they may develop bacterial problems. Using a cheese grater, grate a small amount of food onto the them and repeat until the caterpillars reach the desired size. For best results, maintain temperatures between 78\u00b0 and 88\u00b0 F. [PAR] Excessive condensation forming in the container after feeding is the leading cause of failure. If this condensation does form, take the lid off your container and allow the container and old food to completely"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Disused Stations: Liverpool Central (High Level) Station Disused Stations: Liverpool Central (High Level) Station [PAR] Date of visit: [PAR] June 1968, 2005, 1.3.2009 & 22.7.2011 [PAR] Notes: Liverpool Central station was the western terminus of the Cheshire Lines Committee\u2019s (CLC) main line that linked the northern cities of Liverpool and Manchester. The CLC was a joint company made up of three partners: the Great Northern Railway (GNR), the Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) and the Midland Railway (MR). The CLC\u2019s Liverpool and Manchester line had opened as a through route between Cornbrook East Junction (Manchester) and Cressington Junction (Garston) on 2 September 1873. The line linked with the former Garston & Liverpool Railway at Cressington. The Garston & Liverpool had opened from Garston to a terminus at Liverpool Brunswick on 1 June 1864. It was a joint railway of the GNR and MS&LR that became part of the CLC on 5 July 1865. [PAR] At the eastern end of the line at Manchester there was a connection with the Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJ&AR) that allowed trains to run to Manchester London Road. [PAR] Liverpool Brunswick station was over a mile south of the centre of Liverpool and therefore inconvenient for passengers. Just over a month after it opened an Act was obtained by the partners on 29 July 1864 to build a line called \u2018The Liverpool Central Station Railway\u2019. The line was one mile and forty-three chains in length, and to reach central Liverpool it needed five tunnels and sections of very deep cuttings. There were two stations on the line, St James and Liverpool Central. [PAR] Due to the heavy engineering required the new line and Liverpool Central did not open until 2 March 1874. Being a relative latecomer to Liverpool the CLC had to make do with a cramped site but in the heart of the city\u2019s shopping district; nevertheless the CLC built an imposing station which served as their headquarters. [PAR] Liverpool Central station fronted onto Ranelagh Street which ran in an east/west direction at that point. The main entrance was through two imposing gates at the western end of Ranelagh Street at its junction with Church Street and with Bold Street. The gates were separated by a large sandstone column. Over the westernmost gate there was a sign that read \u2018Central Station\u2019. East of the gates was the large high-roofed single-storey parcels office. East of the parcels office was another set of gates and, beyond them, a building similar to the parcels office that housed refreshment rooms. Beyond the gates and behind the parcels office was an open area for cabs and other road traffic. Photographic evidence suggests that a one-way system for road traffic was implemented from quite an early date. The easternmost gates were for traffic entering the station, and the westernmost for departing traffic. [PAR] Facing onto the open area, but set back from the street, was the main station building. It was a three-storey sandstone building with decorative window features and columns. In the centre of the building, at roof level, was a large Baroque clock. The booking offices and other passenger facilities were on the ground floor. On the first and second floors there wereoffices occupied by departments of the CLC and its constituent companies. [PAR] Part of the open area at the front of the main station building was sheltered by a large canopy. On the western side of the building an access road for vehicles passed directly into the station. The station also had an entrance on Bold Street with a two-storey sandstone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Strawberry Fields in Central Park Strawberry Fields in Central Park [PAR] Map it [PAR] Located near Central Park West between 71st and 74th Streets, Strawberry Fields is a 2.5 acre area of Central Park that pays tribute to the late Beatle, John Lennon, singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist. [PAR] John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono lived in the Dakota Apartments adjacently located to this area of the park. It was here, walking into his home, on December 8, 1980, that John Lennon was murdered and shot dead. [PAR] Strawberry Fields in Central Park by mlattari [PAR] To commemorate his life, talents and memory, on March 26, 1981, City Council Member Henry J. Stern designated this area, the couple's favorite in Central Park, as Strawberry Fields. Named after the title of the Beatles' song \"Strawberry Fields Forever,\" the teardrop shaped region was re-landscaped by the Central Park Conservancy with the help of landscape architect Bruce Kelley and a generous $1 million donation from Yoko Ono. [PAR] Visit Strawberry Fields on one of our Central Park horse and carriage tours , bike tours , pedicab tours , or walking tours . [PAR] The iconic black and white Imagine mosaic, designed by a team of artists from the Italian city of Naples, lies in the center of Strawberry Fields. Named after another famous song by John Lennon, \"Imagine\" evokes a vision and hope for a world without strife, war and conflict. Additionally, there is a bronze plaque that lists the more than 120 countries that planted flowers and donated money for the maintenance of the area; they have also endorsed Strawberry Fields as a Garden of Peace. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Designated as a quiet zone in Central Park, Strawberry Fields, fashioned similarly to the original flowing design of the park, is lined with tall elm trees, shrubs, flowers and rocks. [PAR] Strawberry Fields officially reopened on October 9, 1985, the 45th anniversary of John Lennon's birth. Annually, on this date, as well as on the anniversary of John Lennon's death, visitors and fans from all over the globe flock to Strawberry Fields to pay homage to this Beatles' legacy.[DOC] [TLE] Strawberry Fields, John Lennon Memorial, New York City ... Strawberry Fields, John Lennon Memorial, New York City - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] Strawberry Fields, John Lennon Memorial, New York City [PAR] Strawberry Fields, John Lennon Memorial [PAR] Write a Review [PAR] Strawberry Fields, John Lennon Memorial [PAR] Strawberry Fields, John Lennon Memorial [PAR] Is this your business? [PAR] Is this an outdoor attraction or activity? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Does this attraction involve animals? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction popular with tourists? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction good for couples? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Would this be a good cold day activity? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Would this be a good sunny day activity? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction a \"must-see\" location? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction suitable for all ages? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction pet friendly? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Does this attraction provide visitors with a taste of the local culture? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. [PAR] Reset zoom [PAR] Address: W. Park Dr. and W. 72nd St., Central Park, New York City, NY [PAR] Website [PAR] Central Park and Harlem Bike Tour [PAR] More Info [PAR] Terrible [PAR] \u201cNice memorial\u201d [PAR] This is worth a walk-by while in Central Park. There is a lot of positive energy here and people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angry Prince Andrew has to pay for three former police ... Angry Prince Andrew has to pay for three former police bodyguards to protect daughters Bea and Eugenie - Mirror Online [PAR] News [PAR] Angry Prince Andrew has to pay for three former police bodyguards to protect daughters Bea and Eugenie [PAR] The Duke of York will now fork out at least \u00a3250,000 a year to provide \u00adsecurity for the royal princesses [PAR] Share [PAR] Security concern: Prince Andrew and his daughters Eugenie and Beatrice (Photo: PA) [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Prince Andrew has been forced to rehire his daughters\u2019 bodyguards out of his own pocket after losing a long fight to keep royal protection for them. [PAR] The Duke of York will now fork out at least \u00a3250,000 a year to provide \u00adsecurity for Princess Beatrice, 23, who has lost her Scotland Yard bodyguards. [PAR] Sister Eugenie, 22, will lose her official guards when she finishes her degree at Newcastle University this year. \u00adAndrew\u2019s annual bill could then double to \u00a3500,000. [PAR] The three ex-Yard men are experienced protection officers who have looked after Andrew and both the princesses in the past. One was about to retire and the other two have taken early retirement from the Royalty Protection Squad to take up their new roles. [PAR] Andrew is said to be deeply \u00adannoyed and \u00adfrustrated at the decision to axe the princesses\u2019 \u00adsecurity \u2013 after a Scotland Yard \u00adreview into the \u00a350million-a-year cost to taxpayers of protecting the royals. [PAR] Royal heirs: Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie are fifth and sixth in line to the throne [PAR] He said it was absurd that his girls \u2013 fifth and sixth in line to the throne \u2013 have had protection all their lives, only to have it withdrawn in a year with heightened \u00adsecurity around the Diamond Jubilee and Olympics. [PAR] A police source said: \u201cHe is very unhappy and has lobbied about it, but there is \u00adnothing he can do. \u00adSavings have to be made and the powers that be feel resources need to be \u00adconcentrated on the senior \u00adroyals. Bea and Eugenie do not carry out many royal \u00adduties and are protected when they are at home, so you can see the logic in it.\u201d [PAR] The source added: \u201cOne of the officers worked for Andrew for a time as his bodyguard and another was with the girls. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s a good number for the bodyguards. They will get their police pensions and now have jobs for the foreseeable future. [PAR] \u201cBut the cost to the prince will be enormous. As well as their salaries he will have to pay their hotel and travel expenses.\u201d [PAR] Two of the minders spent last week in Verbier, Switzerland, with Beatrice, as she enjoyed a skiing holiday with friends, \u00adincluding Sir Richard Branson\u2019s daughter Holly. [PAR] The source said: \u201cClearly Prince Andrew feels strongly enough about his daughter\u2019s status and safety to hire them. It\u2019s going to be quite a \u00adcommitment if they have them permanently \u2013 up to \u00a3500,000 a year.\u201d [PAR] In recent months Andrew, spurred on by ex-wife Fergie who lives with him at Royal Lodge in Windsor, has tried to introduce his daughters into royal life. [PAR] Last October Eugenie joined him on engagements in the North East and York, and next week Beatrice will join the Queen and Prince Philip at a Maundy Thursday service in York Minster. [PAR] It is believed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Royal Family History - Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions | Britroyals [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] When did the last British King fight in a battle? [PAR] George II was the last British King to lead his army in person, during the War of the Austrian Succession, at the Battle of Dettingen in Bavaria, 27th June, 1743. The last English King to die in battle was Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire on 22 August 1485 defeated by Henry Tudor who became Henry VII ending the Wars of the Roses between the Houses of York and Lancaster and starting the Tudor dynasty. The last British King to die in battle was James IV of Scotland killed at the Battle of Flodden Field in Northumberland on 9 September 1513 when the Scots invaded England hoping to take advantage of Henry VIII's absence in France, but were defeated by English forces under Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. [PAR] How far back can the British Royal Family trace their roots? Is Queen Elizabeth II really directly descended from Alfred the Great? [PAR] She is the 32nd great granddaughter of King Alfred who 1,140 years ago was the first effective King of England. He ruled from 871 to 899. [PAR] I thought that American Independence was in 1776. Why is it quoted as 1783? [PAR] The Continental Congress of the 13 American colonies declared independence in 1776. However, the war continued and independence from Britain was not achieved until the Treaty of Paris in 1783. [PAR] Was George III really mad? [PAR] For most of his reign King George III was an astute king and politician with a strong sense of duty. Later in his reign he suffered from recurrent and eventually permanent mental illness. This baffled medical science at the time, although it is now generally thought that he suffered from the inherited blood disease porphyria. He suffered his first attack in 1788 and by 1810 was unfit to rule. In 1811 his son George, Prince of Wales, became Regent for 9 years until his father died in 1820. [PAR] Who would now be King or Queen if Edward VIII had not abdicated? [PAR] Edward VIII abdicated in 1936 less than a year after becoming King to marry Wallis Simpson. His younger brother Bertie became King George VI and was the father of the present Queen Elizabeth II . He died in 1952, and Edward who had no children died in 1972. So even if Edward had not abdicated Elizabeth would now be Queen. She would have come to the throne in 1972 instead of 1952. [PAR] Why did Edward VIII have to give up the throne to marry a divorcee but Prince Charles is still in line to the throne? [PAR] Royals who are divorced or marry divorcees do not lose their position in the line of succession. Edward VIII had a number of affairs with married women including Wallis Simpson who was already divorced and still married to her second husband. His parents King George V and Queen Mary did not approve and refused to meet her. When George V died Prime Minister Baldwin made it clear that the Government, popular opinion in the country and the oversees Dominions (now the Commonwealth nations) did not approve of his plans to marry Wallis. Social attitudes towards divorce and a women looking for a third marriage were considered scandalous at the time, and if Edward married against the advice of his Ministers it would have caused the Government to resign and a constitutional crisis. Edward"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Albert Memorial - London - Wikimapia The Albert Memorial - London [PAR] memorial Add category [PAR] The Albert Memorial is situated in Kensington Gardens, London, England, directly to the north of the Royal Albert Hall, close to the \"Ring\" which runs through Hyde Park. [PAR] It was commissioned by Queen Victoria in memory of her beloved husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha who died of typhoid in 1861, and designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the Gothic revival style. \"My idea in designing the Memorial,\" Gilbert Scott wrote, \"was to erect a kind of ciborium to protect a statue of the Prince; and its special characteristic was that the ciborium was designed in some degree on the principles of the ancient shrines. These shrines were models of imaginary buildings, such as had never in reality been erected; and my idea was to realise one of these imaginary structures with its precious materials, its inlaying, its enamels, etc. etc.\" However, the Memorial was not the first revivalist design for a canopied statue in a Gothic style - the Scott Monument in Edinburgh had been designed by George Meikle Kemp over twenty years earlier. [PAR] Opened in 1872, with the statue of Albert ceremonially \"seated\" in 1875, the memorial consists of an ornate canopy or pavilion containing a statue of Prince Albert facing south. This is surrounded by the elaborate sculptural Frieze of Parnassus, which depicts 169 individual composers, architects, poets, painters, and sculptors. There are two allegorical sculpture programs: four groups depicting Victorian industrial arts and sciences (agriculture, commerce, engineering and manufacturing), and four more groups representing Europe, Asia, Africa and The Americas at the four corners, each continent-group including several ethnographic figures and a large animal. (A camel for Africa, a buffalo for the Americas, an elephant for Asia and a bull for Europe.) The sculptor Henry Hugh Armstead coordinated this massive effort among several artists of the Royal Academy, including Hamo Thornycroft. [PAR] Nearby cities: London, Milton Keynes, Coventry [PAR] Coordinates: 51\u00b030'8\"N -0\u00b010'39\"E[DOC] [TLE] Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall, London - YouTube Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall, London - YouTube [PAR] Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall, London [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 10, 2014 [PAR] The Albert Memorial is situated in Kensington Gardens, London, England, directly to the north of the Royal Albert Hall. It was commissioned by Queen Victoria in memory of her beloved husband, Prince Albert who died of typhoid in 1861. The memorial was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the Gothic Revival style. Opened in July 1872 by Queen Victoria, with the statue of Albert ceremonially \"seated\" in 1875, the memorial consists of an ornate canopy or pavilion, in the style of a Gothic ciborium over the high altar of a church, containing a statue of the prince facing south. The memorial is 176 feet (54 m) tall, took over ten years to complete, and cost \u00a3120,000 (the equivalent of about \u00a310,000,000 in 2010). The cost was met by public subscription. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia [PAR] Se non lo conoscete andate a vedere l'Albert Memorial, ne vale veramente la pena; e' fantastico! [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Mint - definition of Royal Mint in English from the ... Royal Mint - definition of Royal Mint in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of Royal Mint in English: [PAR] Royal Mint [PAR] proper noun [PAR] The establishment responsible for the manufacture of British coins. Set up in 1810 in London, it moved in 1968 to Llantrisant in South Wales. [PAR] Word of the Day [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Mass extinctions are linked to climatic cooling [PAR] Mass extinctions are linked to climactic cooling [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Rising carbon dioxide will lead to climatic upheaval [PAR] Rising carbon dioxide will lead to climactic upheaval [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The world has 14 climatic zones [PAR] The world has 14 climactic zones [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The game has 10 different climactic endings [PAR] The game has 10 different climatic endings [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Their climatic confrontation is dramatic [PAR] Their climactic confrontation is dramatic [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] It's a land of climactic extremes [PAR] It's a land of climatic extremes [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] They reunite in the movie's climatic finale [PAR] They reunite in the movie's climactic finale [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The debate over climactic change continues [PAR] The debate over climatic change continues [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The ending's climactic and heart-breaking [PAR] The ending's climatic and heart-breaking [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Their climactic duel is overlong [PAR] Their climatic duel is overlong [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry[DOC] [TLE] Discover The History Of The Royal Mint & The Nation's ... Discover The History Of The Royal Mint & The Nation's Coinage | Historic Royal Palaces [PAR] Discover the history behind the coinage of England [PAR] History of the Royal Mint [PAR] At the end of the 13th century the Royal Mint moved to the Tower of London and expanded, although there had been mints operating in London since Roman times. [PAR] 1278-1279 - The Royal Mint was located at the Tower of London [PAR] 1509-1547 - Under Henry VIII local production of coins was brought to an end. The Royal Mint became the only authority for the production of coinage [PAR] 1662 - The process of manually striking coins was replaced with the screw press and the horse-driven rolling mill [PAR] By the turn of the 19th century - The Royal Mint's facilities occupied almost the entire outer ward of the Tower [PAR] 1810 - The last coins were struck at the Tower and the Royal Mint relocated to Little Tower Hill [PAR] 1968 - The Royal Mint moved to Llantrisant, South Wales [PAR] William Foxley \u2013 Sleeper in the Mint [PAR] A curious incident is recounted in the records of the Royal Mint from 1546. [PAR] William Foxley, a maker of melting pots, was discovered asleep at his post and remained asleep for fourteen days. All attempts to wake him failed. Even pricking him with needles and inflicting small burns did not cause him to stir. [PAR] Word of the spectacle became so widespread that even Henry VIII went to examine him personally, but he too could offer no explanation. When Foxley finally awoke, it seemed to him as if he had slept only one night. [PAR] He appeared to have suffered no ill effects from the incident and is recorded in the Chapel Register as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sovereign's Official Birthday | Article about Sovereign's ... Sovereign's Official Birthday | Article about Sovereign's Official Birthday by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Sovereign's Official Birthday | Article about Sovereign's Official Birthday by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Sovereign%27s+Official+Birthday [PAR] (redirected from Sovereign's Official Birthday) [PAR] Queen's Birthday (Sovereign's Official Birthday, Trooping the Colour) [PAR] Type of Holiday: National [PAR] Date of Observation: Second Saturday in June [PAR] Where Celebrated: United Kingdom, Australia, Bermuda, Canada, and other countries with close ties to the UK [PAR] Symbols and Customs: Colours, Horse Guards Parade, Inspection, Royal Salute, Trooping the Colour [PAR] Colors: Red, which is the color of Queen Elizabeth's flag [PAR] ORIGINS [PAR] The birthday of Queen Elizabeth II is a national holiday in the United Kingdom. National holidays can be defined as those commemorations that a nation's government has deemed important enough to warrant inclusion in the list of official public holidays. They tend to honor a person or event that has been critical in the development of the nation and its identity. Such people and events usually reflect values and traditions shared by a large portion of the citizenry. [PAR] Although the British have celebrated their sovereign's birthday for centuries, it was Queen Victoria, who ruled the British Empire from 1837 until 1901, who came up with the idea of an \"official\" birthday celebration. Her real birthday was May 24, but it was decided that a public celebration would be held in June. Edward VII (reigned 1901-10), whose birthday was in early November, decided to let the June celebration stand, and George V (reigned 1910-36), who was born on June 3, decided to use his real birthday for the national holiday. George VI (reigned 1936-52) was born in mid-December and Elizabeth (reigned 1952-present) was born on April 21-both times of year when the weather in England is notoriously unreliable. So it made sense to continue to observe the Sovereign's Official Birthday in June, at a time when the weather is more likely to cooperate. Because Queen Elizabeth II has reigned over England for such a long time-her coronation was on June 2, 1952-this day is commonly referred to as the Queen's Birthday. It is usually observed on the second Saturday in June, although the queen's other obligations occasionally necessitate moving it up or back a week. [PAR] The official birthday celebration is closely identified with the ceremony known as TROOPING THE COLOUR , an event that takes place on HORSE GUARDS PARADE in Whitehall, an area of London where many government offices are now located and where Whitehall Palace, the official residence of England's royal family in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, once stood. The queen is escorted from her home in Buckingham Palace by her Household Cavalry to the parade grounds, where she sits on horseback and carries out an INSPECTION of the Household Troops assembled there. The flag or COLOUR of a particular regiment (a different one is chosen each year) is then \"trooped\" or carried through the ranks where each and every soldier can see it. The troops then march or ride on horseback past the queen, after which she returns to Buckingham Palace. A ROYAL SALUTE of forty-one guns in London's Green Park brings the event to a close. [PAR] SYMBOLS AND CUSTOMS [PAR] Colours [PAR] \"Colours\" is a British term for the regimental flags that were traditionally carried into battle and used to rally the soldiers and help them recognize the other members of the group they were fighting with. Although this is no longer done, the colour still symbolizes a regiment's spirit and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scottish Historical Timeline - British Royal Family History Scottish History Timeline | Britroyals [PAR] 1034 - Duncan I succeeds to the Scottish throne [PAR] 1040 - Duncan is killed in a civil war. His cousin, Macbeth, succeeds [PAR] 1040 - Macbeth becomes king [PAR] 1050 - Macbeth goes on a pilgrimage to Rome [PAR] 1054 - Macbeth\ufffds forces defeated at Dunsinane by a combined army of English, Norse and lowland Scots under Siward Earl of Northumberland [PAR] 1057 - Macbeth is slain at the Battle of Lumphanan by Malcolm, son of Duncan I [PAR] 1057 - Lulach, Macbeth's stepson, ascended the throne and was crowned at Scone [PAR] 1058 - King Lulach killed by Malcolm III at Essie, Strathbogie [PAR] Malcolm III ( 1058 - 1093 ) [PAR] 1058 - Malcolm III (Canmore) crowned [PAR] 1069 - Malcolms married his 2nd wife Margaret of Wessex daughter Edgar the Aetheling who had been deposed by William I the Conqueror [PAR] 1070 - Malcolm attacks Northumbria and Cumbria intent on expanding his kingdom into northern England. [PAR] 1091 - The Norman forces of King William II of England advance North and capture Carlisle and Cumbria [PAR] 1092 - At Abernethy Malcolm is forced to submit to the Normans who take his son Duncan and brother-in-law Edgar Aetheling as hostages [PAR] 1093 - Malcolm invades England but is killed at the Battle of Alnwick. He is succeeded by his brother Donald II (Donald Blane) [PAR] Donald III ( 1093 - 1094 ) [PAR] 1093 - Donald III (Donald Bane) become king [PAR] 1094 - Donald Bane is driven out by Duncan, Malcolm's III's son, who becomes Duncan II. He is killed a few months later at the Battle of Monthechin, Kincardine, and Donald Bane returns [PAR] 1094 - Donald III regains the throne and jointly rules with Edmund. [PAR] 1097 - Donald is overthrown, blinded and imprisoned by Edgar. Edmund flees to Montecute Abbey in Somerset. [PAR] 1097 - Edgar deposes his uncle Donald and brother Edmund and becomes king [PAR] 1098 - Edgar cedes the Western Isles to Magnus Barefoot [PAR] 1100 - Edith known as Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland, marries King Henry I of England. [PAR] 1107 - Edgar dies and is succeeded by his younger brother, Alexander I [PAR] 1107 - Alexander I become king [PAR] 1114 - Alexander aids Henry I in his Welsh campaigns [PAR] 1124 - Alexander dies and is succeeded by David I [PAR] David I ( 1124 - 1153 ) [PAR] 1124 - David I becomes king and introduces the feudal system of landholding to much of Scotland. [PAR] 1138 - David I of Scotland invades England in support of his niece, Matilda wife of King Stephen of England, but is defeated at the Battle of the Standard in Yorkshire. [PAR] 1139 - Treaty of Durham in which David I is recognised as King of an independent Scotland by King Stephen of England. [PAR] 1153 - David I dies and is succeeded by his grandson Malcolm IV [PAR] Malcolm IV ( 1153 - 1165 ) [PAR] 1153 - Malcolm IV becomes king [PAR] 1156 - Somerled defeats the Norse King of Mann and the Isles establishing his own semi-independent rule as Innse Gall - King of the Hebrides. [PAR] 1157 - Henry II of England takes back lands in Northern England granted to David I. The border is fixed at the Solway and Tweed very close to where it is today. [PAR] 1164 - Somerled is defeated by the Scottish crown in the Battle of Renfrew. [PAR] 1165 - Malcolm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAQ: At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit the same? FAQ: At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit the same? [PAR] At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit the same? [PAR] The formulas for converting between degree Celsius and degree Fahrenheit are: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC * 9/5) + 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF - 32) * 5/9 [PAR] To find the temperature when both are equal, we use an old algebra trick and just set \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC and solve one of the equations. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC * 9/5) + 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC - (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC * 9/5) = 32 [PAR] -4/5 * \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = -32 * 5/4 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = -40 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF * 9/5) + 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF - (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF * 9/5) = 32 [PAR] -4/5 * \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = -32 * 5/4 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = -40 [PAR] So the temperature when both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are the same is -40 degrees."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Plant and Animal Cell Structures - UDL Book Builder Plant and Animal Cell Structures [PAR] Plant and Animal Cell Structures [PAR] Plant and Animal Cells [PAR] -Is the basic unit of organisms [PAR] -Discovery made possible by the invention of the microscope [PAR] Robert Hooke used the first compound microscop e to view thinly sliced cork cells [PAR] - Compound microscopes use a series of lenses to magnify in steps [PAR] -Hooke was the first to use the term \" cell \" [PAR] Cell Theory states the following: [PAR] -All organisms are made up of one or more cells [PAR] -The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms [PAR] -All cells come from other cells already in existence [PAR] Levels of Organization in Living Organisms : [PAR] - Atoms (smallest unit of matter both living and non-living ) [PAR] - Molecules (building blocks of matter composed of two or more atoms ) [PAR] - Organelles (parts of a cell that carry out a particular function or role and are made of molecules) [PAR] - Cell (is the smallest unit of life and the building block of all living organisms) [PAR] - Tissues (tissues are formed when cells combine to carry out a task. Muscles used to move your eyes are tissues) [PAR] - Organs (when two or more tissues combine and work together. Examples are the heart or stomach organs) [PAR] - Systems (Organs work together in systems, such as stomach, liver, and pancreas that work together in our digestive system) [PAR] - Organisms (Human beings are organisms that are composed of many systems) [PAR] Organism - Organ - Cell [PAR] We can observe from this diagram that cells are very small and are the building block of living organs , which in turn make up the human organism . Turn the page to see the various organelles - the small parts that make up cells... [PAR] Created with CAST's UDL Book Builder [PAR] Parts of a Cell [PAR] The parts of the cell ( organelles ) that are important for you to know are: the Nucleu s , Cytoplasm , Mitochondrion , Vacuole , Endoplasmic Reticulum , Golgi Bod y , Cell Membrane , Cell Wall , and Chloroplast [PAR] Watch a video for an overview of the parts of a cell. Come back to this section later to play an Organelles Matching Game [PAR] Nucleus [PAR] The nucleus controls all the activities of the cell. It is the brain of the cell, and contains the DNA which holds hereditary instructions for things like height, and eye, and hair color. Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus. [PAR] Created with CAST's UDL Book Builder [PAR] Golgi Body [PAR] The Golgi Bod y packages and transports proteins, and holds waste products until the cell is ready to get rid of them. The Golgi Body is a specialized part of the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum). Both plant and animal cells have a Golgi Body. [PAR] Created with CAST's UDL Book Builder [PAR] Cell Membrane [PAR] The Cell Membrane separates the inner parts of the cell from the surrounding environment . This is a semi-permeable membrane, in that it allows some things in such as water and food molecules, but keeps out other things that may be harmful or unnecessary. Both plant and animal cells have a Cell Membrane. [PAR] Review the parts of the cell you have learned thus far through this interactive game . [PAR] Created with CAST's UDL Book Builder [PAR] Cell Wall [PAR] Found only in plant cells, the Cell Wall , provides"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Pigment Makes Plants Green? | Garden Guides What Pigment Makes Plants Green? | Garden Guides [PAR] What Pigment Makes Plants Green? [PAR] What Pigment Makes Plants Green? [PAR] Reason for flagging? [PAR] Submit [PAR] Overview [PAR] The plant's green pigment does not just provide color, it serves a vital function. Green plants efficiently use solar energy to make food. The food substance is in the form of sugars, starch, fat, protein and vitamins. The green pigment in plants, called chlorophyll, is what enables the plant to absorb the sun's rays or light energy, which is then converted to chemical energy. [PAR] Function [PAR] Green plants use the energy from light, combined with water and carbon dioxide to make food, in a process called photosynthesis. The word photosynthesis actually means \"putting together with light\". Chlorophyll plays a vital roll in photosynthesis, as it absorbs the light energy needed for this process. [PAR] Features [PAR] Unless a plant is exposed to light, it won't normally produce chlorophyll. Not all plants have chlorophyll, therefore not all plants have green stems or leaves. Chlorophyll is found in algae and in some bacteria. Plants that are kept from light are often yellow or white, instead of green. The mushroom is an example of a plant devoid of chlorophyll. As such, the mushroom has other ways of making its food. [PAR] Location [PAR] Within a plant's cell, chlorophyll is located in membranes called thylakoids. Often the membranes are contained in minute cell bodies called chloroplasts. The chloroplasts located within a plant's leaves carry out the photosynthesis process. After the chlorophyll absorbs the light energy it is sent to the reaction centers within the thylakoids. It is there that the light is converted to chemical energy. [PAR] Process [PAR] The chemical energy produced after light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, then uses the carbon dioxide from the air to make food. The food substance is in the form of sugars, starch, fat, protein and vitamins. [PAR] Types [PAR] The two most common forms of chlorophyll are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. They absorb the long wavelengths or red rays, and the short wavelengths or blue-violet rays. These two types of chlorophyll are less effective at absorbing the middle wavelengths or green rays. Some bacteria have a type of chlorophyll that is better at absorbing longer wavelengths or infrared rays. Infrared rays are beyond the visible spectrum of light. [PAR] Keywords: green pigment, chlorophyll, green plant [PAR] About this Author [PAR] Ann Johnson was the editor of a community magazine in Southern California for more than 10 years and was an active real estate agent, specializing in commercial and residential properties. She has a Bachelors of Art degree in communications from California State University of Fullerton. Today she is a freelance writer and photographer, and part owner of an Arizona real estate company.[DOC] [TLE] Leaf Pigments | Harvard Forest Leaf Pigments | Harvard Forest [PAR] Harvard Forest [PAR] Leaf Pigments [PAR] [PAR] Plants make an amazing variety of pigment molecules, far more than animals. After all, plants are creatures of light. They sense light to control their growth and rapid responses to the environment, and they use light as their source of energy. Plants produce pigments to advertise rewards for animals which pollinate flowers and disperse seeds. Thus, pigments may have physiological and/or biological functions. [PAR] There are three types of pigments present in the leaves of plants, and their retention or production determines the colors of leaves before they fall from , molecules, beyond the simple chemical formulas that describe the numbers of atoms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dwarf Planets of Our Solar System (Infographic) - Space.com Dwarf Planets of Our Solar System (Infographic) [PAR] Dwarf Planets of Our Solar System (Infographic) [PAR] By Karl Tate, SPACE.com Infographics Artist | [PAR] November 21, 2012 01:00pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Pluto was demoted to dwarf planet status in 2006, joining Eris, Haumea, Makemake and Ceres. [PAR] Credit: Karl Tate, SPACE.com contributor [PAR] In 2006 the organization responsible for classifying celestial bodies, the International Astronomical Union, decided that a new class of objects was needed. The solar system's erratic ninth planet, Pluto, was assigned to the new \u201c dwarf planet \u201d category along with four other bodies, all tinier than Earth\u2019s moon. Some astronomers expect there may be as many as 50 dwarf planets in the solar system. [PAR] Eris , the largest dwarf planet, is only slightly bigger than Pluto, at 1,445 miles in diameter (2,326 km). Discovered in 2003, Eris orbits at an average distance of 68 AU (that is, 68 times the Earth\u2019s distance from the sun) and takes 561.4 Earth years to circle the sun. Eris has the orbit that is most highly inclined of all the dwarf planets, tilted nearly 47 degrees from the plane of the planets\u2019 orbits. A day on Eris takes 25.9 hours. Eris has one moon, Dysnomia. [PAR] Pluto , discovered in 1930, orbits the sun at an average of 39.5 times the Earth\u2019s distance. Its diameter is 1,430 miles (2,302 km). Pluto takes 247.9 Earth years to orbit the sun, and its day is 6.39 times as long as Earth\u2019s. Pluto has five known moons: Charon, Nix, Hydra and two that were recently discovered and have not yet been named. [PAR] Haumea was discovered in 2003. This dwarf planet has an extremely elongated shape, with its longest dimension being about 1,218 miles long (1,960 km). Haumea rotates very rapidly and has the shortest day of all the dwarf planets, only 3.9 hours. Orbiting 43.1 times farther from the sun than Earth does, Haumea takes nearly 282 Earth years to complete one orbit. Haumea has two moons, Hi\u2019iaka and Namaka. [PAR] Makemake , discovered in 2005, has no known moons. Makemake orbits at 45.3 times Earth\u2019s distance and takes more than 305 years to complete a circuit of the sun. Its day is 22.5 hours. Makemake\u2019s average diameter is 882 miles (1,420 km). [PAR] Ceres , first spotted by astronomers in 1801, was first called a planet and later an asteroid. In 2006 it was reclassified as a dwarf planet. Ceres is the closest dwarf planet to Earth, orbiting at only 2.8 times Earth\u2019s distance from the sun. Its year takes 4.6 Earth years and its day is 9.1 hours. Ceres has no known moons.[DOC] [TLE] How Many Planets are in the Solar System? - Universe Today How Many Planets are in the Solar System? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Many Planets are in the Solar System? [PAR] Article Updated: 16 Oct , 2016 [PAR] I\u2019m just going to warn you, this is a controversial topic. Some people get pretty grumpy when you ask: how many planets are in the Solar System? Is it eight, ten, or more? [PAR] I promise you this, though, we\u2019re never going back to nine planets\u2026 ever. [PAR] When many of us grew up, there were nine planets in the Solar System. It was like a fixed point in our brains. [PAR] As kids, memorizing this list was an early right of passage of nerd pride: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. [PAR] But then in 2005,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What temperature scale starts at absolute zero? | Socratic What temperature scale starts at absolute zero? | Socratic [PAR] What temperature scale starts at absolute zero? [PAR] Start with a one sentence answer [PAR] Then teach the underlying concepts [PAR] Don't copy without citing sources [PAR] Write a one sentence answer... [PAR] Answer: [PAR] I want someone to double check my answer [PAR] Describe your changes (optional) 200 [PAR] Cancel [PAR] Aug 29, 2015 [PAR] Two temperature scales start at absolute zero \u2014 the Kelvin scale and the Rankine scale. [PAR] Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature. Nothing could be colder, and particles are at their lowest possible energy levels. [PAR] On the Celsius scale, absolute zero is -273.15 \u00b0C, and the freezing point of water is 0 \u00b0C. [PAR] On the Kelvin scale, absolute zero is defined as 0 K. The other defining point is the triple point of water. [PAR] The solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of water can exist in equilibrium at 273.16 \u00b0C. The kelvin is defined as [PAR] #1/273.16# [PAR] of the triple point temperature. [PAR] This makes one kelvin the same size as one Celsius degree, so the freezing point of water is 273.15 K. The conversion formula is K = C + 273.15\u00b0. [PAR] Most scientists worldwide use the Kelvin scale. [PAR] The Rankine scale also starts at absolute zero. It is like the Kelvin scale, but its degrees are the same size as a Fahrenheit degree. [PAR] On the Fahrenheit scale, absolute zero is -459.67 \u00b0F. The conversion formula is R = F + 459.67. [PAR] Many engineers use the Rankine scale. [PAR] Here is a comparison of the four temperature scales. [PAR] Was this helpful? Let the contributor know! [PAR] Yes[DOC] [TLE] absolute zero | temperature | Britannica.com absolute zero | temperature | Britannica.com [PAR] Absolute zero [PAR] physical science [PAR] Absolute zero, temperature at which a thermodynamic system has the lowest energy. It corresponds to \u2212273.15 \u00b0C on the Celsius temperature scale and to \u2212459.67 \u00b0F on the Fahrenheit temperature scale . [PAR] The notion that there is an ultimately lowest temperature was suggested by the behaviour of gases at low pressures: it was noted that gases seem to contract indefinitely as temperature decreases. It appeared that an \u201c ideal gas \u201d at constant pressure would reach zero volume at what is now called the absolute zero of temperature. Any real gas actually condenses to a liquid or a solid at some temperature higher than absolute zero; therefore, the ideal gas law is only an approximation to real gas behaviour. As such, however, it is extremely useful. [PAR] The concept of absolute zero as a limiting temperature has many thermodynamic consequences. For example, all molecular motion does not cease at absolute zero (molecules vibrate with what is called zero-point energy ), but no energy from molecular motion (that is, heat energy) is available for transfer to other systems, and it is therefore correct to say that the energy at absolute zero is minimal. [PAR] Any temperature scale having absolute zero for its zero point is termed an absolute temperature scale or a thermodynamic scale. In the International System of Units , the Kelvin (K) scale is the standard for all scientific temperature measurements. Its fundamental unit, the kelvin, is identical in size to the Celsius degree and is defined as 1/273.16 of the \u201ctriple point\u201d of pure water (0.01 \u00b0C [32.02 \u00b0F])\u2014i.e., the temperature at which the liquid, solid, and gaseous forms of the substance can be maintained simultaneously. The interval between this triple point and absolute"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] oology - definition of oology in English from the Oxford ... oology - definition of oology in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of oology in English: [PAR] oology [PAR] [mass noun] The study or collecting of birds' eggs. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018Jacobs, who was from Waynesburg, published a number of books and articles on the birds of Pennsylvania, mainly on distributions, natural history, and oology.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The volume begins with the editors' contributions, a short biography of Gegenbaur and a history of comparative anatomy (and its divorce from oology) at the University of Jena.\u2019 [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] He owns a golf coarse [PAR] He owns a golf course [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The college runs language coarses [PAR] The college runs language courses [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] His language is vulgar and course [PAR] His language is vulgar and coarse [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] They wore coarse linen dresses [PAR] They wore course linen dresses [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The wool's too coarse for clothing [PAR] The wool's too course for clothing [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] He had a head full of coarse hair [PAR] He had a head full of course hair [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Mix the soil with course sand [PAR] Mix the soil with coarse sand [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Water was coarsing down the road [PAR] Water was coursing down the road [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Follow the course of the river [PAR] Follow the coarse of the river [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Use a coarse mesh wire strainer [PAR] Use a course mesh wire strainer [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry[DOC] [TLE] Oh, Oology! | Inside Adams: Science, Technology & Business Oh, Oology! | Inside Adams: Science, Technology & Business [PAR] by Jennifer Harbster [PAR] Plate IX from Bendire\u2019s Life Histories of North American, 1892 (Fig. 1, 2, 3- Ferrugionous rough-legged hawk; Fig. 3 & 5- golden eagle; Fig. 6,8,& 9- Gyrfalcon, Fig. 7 Bald Eagle) [PAR] Here are two words to add to your lexicon: caliology and oology. Caliology is the study of bird nests- yes, there is a science for this! Birds are amazing architects and can build all sorts of nests depending on species and geography. There are scrape, hole/tunnel, platform, aquatic, cup-shaped, domed/roofed, mud, hanging/woven/stitched, mound, and many more types of nests, even, edible ones made with saliva (See Avian Architecture\u2013 How Birds Design, Engineer, and Build by Peter Goodfellow, 2012). As mentioned in the previous blog post, \u201c There Will Be Eggs ,\u201d oology is the study of eggs, namely bird eggs (and may also include the study of nests). During the Victorian era British, Europeans and Americans were obsessed with oology and caliology. Naturalists and bird hobbyists enthusiastically and proudly collected bird eggs and nests for display in private collections and museums. All things considered, this pastime had scientific merit, although sadly, many also thought of it as a mere recreational activity or a lucrative business. [PAR] The second Secretary of the Smithsonian, Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887), invited the budding 19th century American oologist/ caliologist to collect bird eggs and nests for the Museum\u2019s collection: [PAR] The Smithsonian Institution is desirous of collecting as full a series as possible of the nests and eggs of birds of North America\u2026it respectfully invites donations from all parts of the country of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nephrology - Biology-Online Dictionary Nephrology - Biology-Online Dictionary [PAR] The branch of medicine dealing primarily with the function and diseases of the kidneys [PAR] Supplement [PAR] Nephrology is a branch of medicine that specializes in the study of the function, structure, diseases and treatments of kidneys . The kidneys are a pair of organs in the body that perform the function of osmoregulation , blood filtration, and elimination of wastes in the form of urine . Some of the common problems of the kidneys are acute kidney failures associated with the lack of blood flow to the kidneys, direct damage to the kidneys, and blockage of urine from the kidneys. Another is the chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is commonly caused by types 1 and 2 diabetes and by high blood pressure. Other causes of CKD include immune system conditions (e.g. lupus, AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C), urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis), inflammation of glomeruli, polycystic kidney disease, congenital defecs, and long-term medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.1 Nephrology is also concerned with the diagnosis of these kidney problems and the appropriate medical care and treatments (e.g. renal replacement therapy such as dialysis and renal transplant). A physician that specializes in nephrology is called nephrologist or renal physician. [PAR] Word origin: Greek nephros (kidney) + -logy (study of) [PAR] See also:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006 | Zillow 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006 | Zillow [PAR] This property is hidden from your search results. Unhide [PAR] 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006 [PAR] 3 beds 35 baths 55,000 sqft Edit [PAR] Edit home facts for a more accurate Zestimate. [PAR] Off Market [PAR] See current rates [PAR] This home is not currently listed for sale or rent on Zillow. [PAR] A Zestimate\u00ae home valuation is Zillow's estimated market value. It is not an appraisal. Use it as a starting point to determine a home's value. Learn more [PAR] A Rent Zestimate\u00ae is Zillow's estimated monthly rental price, computed using a proprietary formula. It is a starting point in determining the monthly rental price for a specific property. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Home to every American president except George Washington - who chose the site - the White House is rich in history and tradition. Known as \"The People's House\", the complex is made up of the Executive Residence flanked by colonnades that connect to the West Wing and East Wing. [PAR] The six-story Executive Residence serves as the president's living quarters and entertaining area. Notable rooms include the Diplomatic Reception Room where President Franklin D. Roosevelt held fireside chats, Lincoln Bedroom that was once the namesake's office, East Room which hosts large ceremonies and State Dining Room for formal dinners. The impressive kitchen is equipped to serve dinner for up to 140 guests and hors d'oeuvres to over 1,000. [PAR] The First Family enjoys the top two floors as its private living area. These floors are altered to accommodate the needs of each new president. In addition to many bedrooms, you'll find a sun room, music room, game room and gym. Also within the house is a library, a doctor's office, flower and carpenter shops, and a bowling alley. Head to the East Wing, past the 40-seat Family Theater to the offices of the First Lady, the White House social secretary and correspondence staff. [PAR] On the opposite side of the Executive Residence is the West Wing. This is the operations hub of the president's top staff, complete with the press briefing room and the famous Oval Office. [PAR] The complex sits on 18 meticulously landscaped acres, including the North and South Lawns, a putting green, two fountains, the Rose Garden and Jacqueline Kennedy Garden. While public White House tours are limited, anyone can appreciate the beauty of the grounds from the bordering streets. [PAR] Flooring: Carpet, Hardwood, Slate, Tile [PAR] Garden [PAR] Parking: Garage - Attached, Off street [PAR] Patio [PAR] Add owner estimate [PAR] Zestimate [PAR] A Zestimate home valuation is Zillow's estimated market value. It is not an appraisal. Use it as a starting point to determine a home's value. Learn more [PAR] The Value Range is the high and low estimate market value for which Zillow values a home. The more information, the smaller the range, and the more accurate the Zestimate. See data coverage and accuracy table [PAR] Don't agree with your home's Zestimate? Owners can edit their home facts to make the Zestimate more accurate. Plus, you can leave an opinion on your Zestimate value below. Just click \"Owner Estimate\". [PAR] $397,747,372"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Scotland Yard, 8-10 Broadway, London - Police near St ... New Scotland Yard, 8-10 Broadway, London - Police near St. James's Park Tube Station [PAR] About: New Scotland Yard is not a standard Police Station. Do not use this address to report crime or for when and urgent police response is required. Always dial 999 in an emergency. [PAR] Related Businesses"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Contact us | Oxfam GB Contact us | Oxfam GB [PAR] Contact us [PAR] How to contact Oxfam with questions, comments or feedback [PAR] Before you get in touch, have you tried our online FAQs ? There may already be an answer to your question (which could save you time and Oxfam money). [PAR] Got a question? Not sure who to ask? Then simply email enquiries@oxfam.org.uk . [PAR] We're here to help. [PAR] Feedback [PAR] Whether it's good news or bad, or just something you want to say, let us know at feedback@oxfam.org.uk . [PAR] Campaigns [PAR] Are you a campaigner or do you want to know more about what issues we are working on? Contact us at campaigning@oxfam.org.uk . [PAR] Oxfam Education [PAR] We offer a huge range of ideas, resources and support for developing a global dimension in the classroom. Email education@oxfam.org.uk to find out more. [PAR] Events [PAR] Are an existing participant or just keen to get involved by running, cycling, taking on our Trailwalker or Trailtrekker challenges, then please email us at events@oxfam.org.uk [PAR] Fundraising [PAR] Get involved in the community spirit, have fun and raise funds for Oxfam. To find out more, contact fundraising@oxfam.org.uk . [PAR] For new supplier enquiries"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] So, will it rain tomorrow? - FT.com So, will it rain tomorrow? [PAR] Add to myFT [PAR] So, will it rain tomorrow? [PAR] The Met Office has been trying to answer this question for 150 years. Have Britain\u2019s weather scientists now cracked it? [PAR] Read next [PAR] June 24, 2011 [PAR] by: Clive Cookson [PAR] Noon on Thursday June 9 in the Met Office operations room in Exeter. From desk to ceiling, brightly coloured computer screens show past weather and future predictions. Showers speckle a rainfall radar map of the British Isles. A temperature chart shows tongues of warm orange air sticking into a pool of cool blue over the North Atlantic. [PAR] 92 mm [PAR] highest rainfall recorded in one hour, Maidenhead, July 12 1901 [PAR] In the middle sits Martin Young, the chief forecaster, facing a dilemma about the weather three days ahead. He has known since the beginning of the week that an Atlantic depression was likely to reach Britain at the weekend, but now, with millions of people making plans, he must issue more specific guidance about when and where the rain is going to fall on Sunday. [PAR] \u201cThere\u2019s an unusually large difference between the [computer] models three days ahead,\u201d Young explains. The supercomputer at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading puts the incoming depression and its associated rain a full 300 miles further north than the Met Office\u2019s own model. [PAR] \u201cWe have techniques for merging models on screen,\u201d he says. \u201cI\u2019ve blended the early part of one model with the later part of another one. But at the moment we\u2019re leaning more towards the Met Office model.\u201d That would mean rain reaching London at about 2pm on Sunday and northern England by nightfall \u2013 we\u2019ll see later what actually happened. [PAR] Clouds gather over weather instruments, used in conjunction with radar. [PAR] For all the prodigious processing power and observational resources of the worldwide meteorological system, forecasting decisions still come down to human skill and experience. The Met Office would never rely solely on a computer-generated forecast, says Young, who has worked there for 32 years \u2013 moving from the old headquarters in Bracknell, Berkshire, to the new Exeter centre. [PAR] For Young\u2019s boss, chief meteorologist Ewen \u00adMcCallum, today\u2019s uncertainty about what will happen in three days\u2019 time illustrates the improvement in forecasting over the past generation. When he joined the Met Office 37 years ago, forecasters frequently faced similar or worse uncertainty about what would happen the next day. [PAR] \u201cA four-day forecast today is about as accurate as a one-day forecast was when I started,\u201d says McCallum, in an accent as Scottish as his name. \u201cThen, we had no operational access to weather satellites, no radar and very slow computers.\u201d [PAR] Public service [PAR] Changing face of the Met Office [PAR] As we walk round the operations room, talking to people who are preparing more specialised forecasts for particular groups, such as shipping and aviation, the sense of continuity and pride in the Met Office is evident. Many of those present have spent their whole working lives in its service. [PAR] \u201cI have been at the Met Office for 28 years; my father joined in 1950 and was a forecaster for 34 years,\u201d says Rob Varley, operations director. \u201cSo the Met Office has been an intimate part of my life since before I was born.\u201d [PAR] Brian Golding, head of forecasting research and development, will soon celebrate 40 years at the Met Office. The raw materials in a successful forecast have improved beyond recognition over that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pudding Lane - MoEML: The Map of Early Modern London MoEML: Pudding Lane [PAR] Pudding Lane [PAR] List documents mentioning Pudding Lane [PAR] List variant names and spellings [PAR] Pudding Lane is most famously known as the starting point of the Great Fire of 1666 . The origin of its name is contested by historians but is most likely consistent with Stow\u2019s explanation in his Survey of London: [PAR] Then haue yee one other lane called Rother Lane, or Red Rose Lane, of such a signe there, now commonly called Pudding Lane, because the Butchers of Eastcheape haue their skalding House for Hogges there, and their puddinges [entrails] with other filth of Beastes, are voided downe that way to theyr dung boates on the Thames [PAR] ( 1.210\u201311 ). Henry A. Harben, Gillian Bebbington, and Ben Weinreb and Christopher Hibbert support Stow\u2019s account of the origin. However, Edward Waterhouse (1619\u20131670) gives a different explanation in his Narrative, understanding pudding as a favourite national dish rather than the medieval word for [PAR] guts and entrails [PAR] ( Weinreb and Hibbert 625 ). Edward Waterhouse introduces Pudding Lane as [PAR] a place so called, but for some eminent seller or sellers of Puddings living of old there, [PAR] it being a regular practice to name streets after that which was produced or sold in the vicinity (as in Bread Street , Milk Street , and Candlewick Street ). He dubs pudding [PAR] the general beloved di\u017fh of Engli\u017fh men [PAR] Pudding Lane ran south from Little Eastcheap down to Thames Street , with New Fish Street ( Newfyshe Streat ) framing it on the west and Botolph Lane on the east. The only intersecting street on Pudding Lane is St. George\u2019s Lane , and the nearby parishes include St. Margaret\u2019s , St. Magnus\u2019s , St. Botolph\u2019s , St. George\u2019s , and St. Leonard, Eastcheap . On Ekwall\u2019s map it is labeled as [PAR] Rother (Pudding) Lane [PAR] after Stow\u2019s account of the lane\u2019s former title. Pudding Lane is contained within Billingsgate Ward . [PAR] Eastcheap (the eastern counterpart to Westcheap or Cheapside , ceap meaning originally to barter and eventually becoming the noun for market) was the primary meat market in London. Pudding Lane was lined with butchers\u2019 stalls ( Bebbington 120 ). Bebbington notes that in 1402 the butchers were granted an alley where they might dispose of entrails known as puddings. Pudding Lane ran conveniently towards the river from Eastcheap . Harben reports that butchers were licenced [PAR] to build a bridge over the Thames with houses thereon, whence they might cast offal into the Thames at ebb-tide [PAR] In Stow\u2019s time the lane was [PAR] chiefly inhabited by Basketmakers, Turners and Butchers [PAR] ( Stow 1.211 ). Waterhouse, writing later in the seventeenth century, remarks that [PAR] people of labour and poor condition ply [PAR] in this [PAR] working early in the morning and late at night [PAR] when the Tyde serves to bring up Fishermen, Passengers, and other Boats and Portages. [PAR] They would then sell their puddings, hoping to [PAR] bring the place in request [PAR] with travelers ( sig. C8v ). Al Smith remarks that the butchers have since relocated to Smithfield and Leadenhall markets ( 164\u201365 ), a progression that likely began in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. [PAR] The Great Fire began on Sunday, 2 September 1666 at around 2 a.m. in the house of Thomas Farriner (also Farryner), the King\u2019s baker, [PAR] at a site which is now occupied by 25 Pudding Lane [PAR] ( Smith 164\u201365 ). Due"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Background | Dickens & the Victorian City Background | Dickens & the Victorian City [PAR] Dickens & the Victorian City A Tale of two Cities [PAR] Background [PAR] Dickens\u2019s birthplace in Mile End Terrace, Portsmouth. [PAR] When we think of Dickens and the Victorian City, we think of Dickens and London. While it is impossible to underestimate the importance of London in Dickens\u2019s work, readers, critics, and enthusiasts inevitably ignore the indirect influence of those other English villages, towns and cities in which Dickens lived, worked, and played, including Portsmouth, the city in which he was born. The significance of Portsmouth in Dickens\u2019s work is often overlooked and little is made of the impact of the city on his work or on related links between Portsmouth and Dickens\u2019s family, and his theatrical, novelistic, and philanthropic interests: Dickens\u2019s father, John Dickens (1785-1851) was a clerk in the pay office of the Royal Navy attached to the Portsmouth dockyard; Dickens\u2019s son, Sydney Smith Haldimand Dickens (1847-72) enrolled in Eastman\u2019s Naval Academy in Southsea in 1859, later joining the Royal Navy in 1860 which he made his career; and the Royal Navy features in a number of Dickens\u2019s works, most notably in Dombey and Son (1846-48). [PAR] Dickens was baptised on 4th March in St Marys Church in 1812 by his parents, John and Elizabeth. [PAR] In addition, Dickens visited Portsmouth on a number of occasions, mentioned it in numerous works and, in 1859, wrote an essay on the city in All the Year Round. Furthermore, by some odd quirk of fate, Portsmouth\u2019s more genteel neighbour, Southsea, became the final resting place of two of the women to whom Dickens was romantically attached in his lifetime: Maria Beadnell and the actress, Ellen Ternan . [PAR] Ellen Ternan, reputedly Dickens\u2019s mistress, is buried in Highland Road Cemetery in Portsmouth. [PAR] Dickens\u2019s stay in Portsmouth was brief: on the 7 February 1812 Charles John Huffam Dickens was born in Landport, Portsmouth to John Dickens and his wife Elizabeth (1789-1863). The house in which he was born, 13 Mile End Terrace (now Old Commercial Road) has been preserved for posterity and is now known as the Dickens Birthplace Museum. On the 4 March 1812, he was baptised at St Mary\u2019s Church, Portsea, and while the building itself was demolished in the 1850s, and replaced by a new church built in the 1880s, the font in which he was christened remains intact and can be found at St Stephen\u2019s, Portsmouth. In June 1812, it is thought that the Dickens family moved to lodgings at 16 Hawke Street, Portsmouth, and in December 1813 to 39 Wish Street (now King\u2019s Road) Southsea. Neither building remains: the lodgings in Hawke Street were destroyed during the Second World War and the house in King\u2019s Road has been demolished. The Dickenses remained in Portsmouth until early 1815, when they moved to lodgings in London. [PAR] Blossom Alley near Dickens\u2019s second home in Hawke Street, Portsea. [PAR] In total, Dickens\u2019s childhood time in Portsmouth amounts to three years. However, he did return on a number of occasions, and set several chapters of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, serialised 1838-39, in the town of his birth and visited Portsmouth while writing Nickleby. [PAR] He has often told me that he remembered the small front garden to the house at Portsea, from which he was taken away when he was two years old, and where, watched by a nurse through a low kitchen-window almost level with the gravel-walk, he trotted about with something to eat, and his little elder sister with"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Isle of Wight prisons: where social work is making inroads ... Isle of Wight prisons: where social work is making inroads | Community Care [PAR] Jobs Live Inform [PAR] Isle of Wight prisons: where social work is making inroads [PAR] The giant grey walls topped with barbed wire surrounding HMP Isle of Wight's three sites, Parkhurst, Albany and Camp Hill, do not exactly say \"caring environment\". [PAR] By Vern Pitt on July 29, 2011 in Adults [PAR] The Isle of Wight is among the most pioneering areas when it comes to the use of social workers in its prisons. Vern Pitt reports [PAR] The giant grey walls topped with barbed wire surrounding HMP Isle of Wight\u2019s three sites, Parkhurst, Albany and Camp Hill, do not exactly say \u201ccaring environment\u201d. However, once inside visitors are greeted with colourful wings, manicured gardens and even Queen Victoria\u2019s old hunting lodge, immaculately preserved. It is abundantly clear that appearances can be deceptive. [PAR] The Isle of Wight has, for some time, been at the forefront of introducing social care into the prison environment. It was the first council to partner with its prison service, providing a social worker to conduct assessments of prisoners\u2019 needs as part of a Department of Health-funded older prisoners project in 2008. [PAR] See special report on social care in prisons [PAR] It was a move driven by the prison\u2019s population, which is the oldest in the UK. It currently has 431 prisoners over 50, and 70% are on long sentences. [PAR] Following the end of that initiative, in April 2010, the island is now a development site for the DH\u2019s common assessment framework for adults (CAF), which is designed to promote information-sharing between social care and other services and backed by \u00a3630,000 funding over two years. [PAR] Reablement is the \u2018big thing\u2019 [PAR] Phil Parkinson, head of residence and prison liaison with the project, says it has \u201copened his eyes\u201d to what can be achieved. \u201cReablement, to me, is the big thing,\u201d he says. \u201cThe more people we can get through from the in-patient health wing and enable them to live on a wing and prepare for release, the better. The cell is their own home. We want to be doing what happens on the outside.\u201d [PAR] Cheryl Garrett, the social worker who has been working in the prison since 2008, says her role is much more about developing services than it would in the community. \u201cFor instance, there are a lot of dementias which can get hidden within the prison system because it\u2019s very regulated \u2013 things are all done at a certain time,\u201d she says. \u201cSo, we have been working with the memory service and they are now doing the tests to pick up any dementias or poor cognitive functioning on the part of people in the prison.\u201d [PAR] Perhaps the most successful project is the older person\u2019s activity group, run by Mary Wozencroft, disability liaison officer. Wozencroft says that demand for the group, which allows older prisoners to socialise and learn some key living skills, has soared from 15 people to more than 70. She says Garrett\u2019s input and the use of the CAF has helped her develop the support that is really needed but also control demand for the service to ensure it\u2019s reaching those with the highest needs. [PAR] One prisoner, whom Community Care finds in the middle of game of dominoes, appears to be in high spirits, but he says it\u2019s only the group that keeps him that way. \u201cI have two budgies in my cell and I used to spend"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who killed John F. Kennedy? Who killed John F. Kennedy? [PAR] Who killed John F. Kennedy? [PAR] Tuesday, March 10, 2009 [PAR] Johnson, Bush and Nixon involved in John F. Kennedy's murder. [PAR] Click here, if you would like to purchase this unique book on Amazon, in its enhanced eBook format ! [PAR] If you still believe that Oswald was the lone assassin who killed Kennedy, you are greatly mistaken. If I told you who really killed Kennedy, you would probably never believe it. Though much of the evidence has been destroyed over the years, and more than 74 people who knew about the conspiracy have been murdered to keep them quiet, but yet the evidence that still remains is overwhelming. [PAR] Dorothy Kilgallen a famous writer and Editorialist of numerous political columns, had just completed a lengthy interview with Jack Ruby in prison, and had told some of her friends privately that she had uncovered information about the JFK assassination that would \"blow the case wide open.\" Days later she was discovered dead in her apartment, and the manuscript that she had been working on was gone. [PAR] J. Edger Hoover said: \"The individual is handicapped by coming face to face with a conspiracy so Monstrous, he cannot believe it exists.\" [PAR] \"If the people knew what we had done, they would chase us down the street and lynch us.\" [PAR] George H.W. Bush. [PAR] It was George Bush Sr. and all of his Nazi Illuminati buddies in the CIA, together with the help of the Italian Mafia that killed Kennedy. But they received their orders from the masterminds behind the conspiracy, which included George H. W. Bush, Nixon and Johnson. LBJ told both his mistress and his ex-wife about the assassination, the night before Kennedy was killed. [PAR] After JFK\u2019s assassination Mrs. Kennedy refused to remove her bloodstained clothing, and regretted having washed the blood off her face and hands. As she stood next to Johnson on board the plane when he took the oath of office as President. She said, \"I want them to see what they have done to Jack.\" [PAR] Jackie Kennedy believed LBJ was involved in her husbands murder. Jackie Kennedy, who died in 1994, states in her oral history recordings \u2013 that she made after the assassination \u2013 that it's very clear to her that others were involved; including President Lyndon Johnson. And now 17 years after Jackie's death, her daughter Caroline has decided to release her mothers tapes to ABC News in 2011 from the Kennedy family volt, and the ABC executives have confirmed that the revelations in these tapes are \"explosive.\" [PAR] Johnson had called Federal Judge Sarah T Hughes to come to the airport to administer the oath of office which he wanted to take before leaving Dallas. When Judge Hughes finally arrived on air-force 1, she said to Johnson, \"Mr. President, I'm really sorry but I could not find a copy of the Swearing in Ceremony.\" And Johnson looked around at the people gathered there and said, \"If any of you say anything about this I'll call you a liar.\" And he reached into his pocket and pulled out a copy of the Swearing in Ceremony. So while they were standing there and Judge Hughes was reading it and preparing to give the oath of office; Johnson turns and looks back a Albert Thomson and Thomson gives him a wink, and Johnson smiles. [PAR] Evelyn Lincoln President Kennedy's Secretary said this in 1994, \"As far as the assassination is concerned it is my belief that there was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Killed Martin Luther King Jr.? - About.com Education Who Killed Martin Luther King Jr.? [PAR] Updated January 15, 2016. [PAR] Who Killed Martin Luther King Jr.? [PAR] Despite many conspiracy theories questioning who was responsible for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., most of the evidence points to a single shooter, James Earl Ray. [PAR] On the morning of April 4, Ray used information from the televised news as well as from a newspaper to discover where King was staying in Memphis. Around 3:30 p.m., Ray, using the name John Willard, rented room 5B in Bessie Brewer's run-down rooming house that was located across the street from the Lorraine Motel. [PAR] Ray then visited the York Arms Company a few blocks away and purchased a pair of binoculars for $41.55 in cash. Returning to the rooming house, Ray readied himself in the communal bathroom, peering out the window, waiting for King to emerge from his hotel room. At 6:01 p.m., Ray shot King, mortally wounding him. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] Immediately after the shot, Ray quickly placed his rifle, binoculars, radio, and newspaper into a box and covered it with an old, green blanket. Then Ray hurriedly carried the bundle out of the bathroom, down the hall, and down to the first floor. Once outside, Ray dumped his package outside the Canipe Amusement Company and walked swiftly to his car. He then drove away in his white Ford Mustang, just before police arrived. [PAR] While Ray was driving toward Mississippi, police were starting to put the pieces together. Nearly immediately, the mysterious green bundle was discovered as were several witnesses who had seen someone who they believed to be the new renter of 5B rushing out of the rooming house with the bundle. [PAR] By comparing fingerprints found on items in the bundle, including those on the rife and binoculars, with those of known fugitives, the FBI discovered they were looking for James Earl Ray. [PAR] After a two-month long, international manhunt, Ray was finally captured on June 8 at London's Heathrow Airport. Ray pleaded guilty and was given a 99-year sentence in prison. [PAR] Ray died in prison in 1998. [PAR] * Ralph Abernathy as quoted in Gerald Posner, Killing the Dream (New York: Random House, 1998) 31. [PAR] [PAR] Bibliography [PAR] Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference . New York: William Morrow, 1986. [PAR] Posner, Gerald. Killing the Dream: James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.. New York: Random House, 1998.[DOC] [TLE] The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr . - ABC News The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News [PAR] ABC News [PAR] The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. [PAR] April 4, 2013 [PAR] By KATE BUBACZ via WORLD NEWS [PAR] Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed by James Earl Ray at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn., 45 years ago, on April 4, 1968. His death shocked a country rocked by riots, civil discord, and a controversial war. It sparked nationwide protests, a two-month manhunt and an outpouring of grief for the slain civil rights leader who continues to stand for equal rights, peaceful protests and justice for all. [PAR] Charles Kelly/AP Photo [PAR] Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. makes his last public appearance at the Mason Temple in Memphis, Tenn., on April 3, 1968. The following day, King was assassinated on his motel balcony. [PAR] Joseph Louw/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Any Which Way You Can (1980) - IMDb Any Which Way You Can (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Any Which Way You Can ( 1980 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] Philo takes part in a bare knuckle fight - as he does - to make some more money than he can earn from his car repair business. He decides to retire from fighting, but when the Mafia come ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 04 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 13 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Title: Any Which Way You Can (1980) [PAR] 6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] The San Fernando Valley adventures of trucker turned prize-fighter Philo Beddoe and his pet orangutan Clyde. [PAR] Director: James Fargo [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] A hard but mediocre cop is assigned to escort a prostitute into custody from Las Vegas to Phoenix, so that she can testify in a mob trial. But a lot of people are literally betting that they won't make it into town alive. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Wes Block is a detective who's put on the case of a serial killer whose victims are young and pretty women, that he rapes and murders. The killings are getting personal when the killer ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Richard Tuggle [PAR] A pilot is sent into the Soviet Union on a mission to steal a prototype jet fighter that can be partially controlled by a neuralink [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] An idealistic, modern-day cowboy struggles to keep his Wild West show afloat in the face of hard luck and waning interest. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A rape victim is exacting revenge on her aggressors in a small town outside San Francisco. \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan, on suspension for angering his superiors (again), is assigned to the case. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Dirty Harry must foil a terrorist organization made up of disgruntled Vietnam veterans. But this time, he's teamed with a rookie female partner that he's not too excited to be working with. [PAR] Director: James Fargo [PAR] Dirty Harry Callahan must stop a sick secret contest to murder local celebrities, which includes himself as a target. [PAR] Director: Buddy Van Horn [PAR] A hard-nosed, hard-living Marine gunnery sergeant clashes with his superiors and his ex-wife as he takes command of a spoiled recon platoon with a bad attitude. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] As the film opens on an Oklahoma farm during the depression, two simultaneous visitors literally hit the Wagoneer home: a ruinous dust storm and a convertible crazily driven by Red, the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Dirty Harry is on the trail of vigilante cops who are not above going beyond the law to kill the city's undesirables."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert DeNiro Quotes - Tripod.com Robert DeNiro Quotes [PAR] Robert DeNiro Quotes [PAR] Goodfellas - [PAR] [PAR] Jimmy Conway: \"You learned the two greatest thing in life, never rat on your friends, and always keep your mouth shut.\" [PAR] [PAR] Jimmy Conway: \"As soon as he shoots him in the foot, he tells him to go f**k himself. Tommy, you really gonna let him get away with that? You gonna let this f***in' punk get away with that? What's the matter with you? What's the world coming' to?\" [PAR] Jimmy Conway: \"What'd you say? Are you bein a f***in' wiseguy with me? Huh? What'd I tell you? What did I tell you? What did I tell you? You don't buy anything, you hear me? Don't buy anything!\" [PAR] Taxi Driver - [PAR] [PAR] Travis Bickle: \"You talkin' to me? You talkin' to me? You talkin' to me? Then who the hell else are you talking to? You talkin' to me? Well. I'm the only one here.\" [PAR] [PAR] Travis Bickle: \"Some day a real rain will come and wash all the scum off the streets.\" [PAR] [PAR] Travis Bickle: \"Listen you f***ers, you screwheads, here's a man who would not take it anymore, who would not let... Listen you f***ers you screwheads, here's a man who would not take it any more, a man who stood up against the scum, the cons, the dogs, the filth, the s**t. Here is someone who stood up.\" [PAR] Casino - [PAR] [PAR] Sam \"Ace\" Rothstien: \"In the casino the cardinal rule is to keep them playing and keep them coming back. The longer they play, the more they lose. In then end we get it all\" [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Sam \"Ace\" Rothstien: \"And don't forget to tell your friends what happens if they f**k around here. Do you understand?\" \"I'm sorry. I made a bad mistake.\" \"Your f***ing right you made a bad mistake because if you come back here and we catch either one of you, we're gonna brake your f***ing heads and you won't walk out of here. See that f***ing saw, we're gonna use it. We don't f**k around in this place.\" [PAR] [PAR] Max Cady: \"Come Out Come Out Wherever you are\" [PAR] [PAR] Max Cady: \"Maybe I'm the big bad wolf.\" [PAR] [PAR] Max Cady: \"I can out learn you, I can out think you, I can out philosophy you, and I'm gonna out last you.\" [PAR] [PAR] Max Cady: \"Free as a bird apparently.\" [PAR] Midnight Run - [PAR] \"If you don't co-operate you're gonna suffer from fistophobia.\" [PAR] [PAR] - \"You're a fu***ing criminal and you deserve to go where you're going and I'm gonna take you there and if I hear any more s**t outta you. I'm gonna fu***ing bust your head and I'm gonna put you back in that fu***ing hole and I'm gonna stick your head in [PAR] that fu***ing toilet bowl, and I'm gonna make it stay there.\"[DOC] [TLE] Robert De Niro - IMDb Robert De Niro - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Producer | Soundtrack [PAR] Robert De Niro , thought of as one of the greatest actors of all time, was born in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, to artists Virginia (Admiral) and Robert De Niro Sr. His paternal grandfather was of Italian descent, and his other ancestry is Irish, German, Dutch, English, and French. He was trained at the Stella Adler Conservatory and... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Memorable Looks From the Golden Globes Red Carpet [PAR] From gorgeous gowns to famous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jolly Boys' Outing - Only Fools and Horses Wiki - Wikia The Jolly Boys' Outing | Only Fools and Horses Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Only Fools and Horses Wiki [PAR] Del and friends go on their annual \"beano\" to Margate. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Nearly a year has passed since Rodney married Cassandra . He is now working for her father's printing firm, Parry Print Ltd., while Uncle Albert has to act as \"Executive Lookout\" for Trotters Independent Traders , i.e: watching out for the police. Whilst Albert and Del Boy flog car radios \"as recommended by Nigel Mansell\" down at the market, Cassandra visits them both and narrowly avoids one of Albert's boring war-stories. She also tries to put them off from coming to dinner at her and Rodney's flat the following evening, but Del is naively slow on the uptake and proclaims he and Albert will be there. Soon Marlene , with her newborn son named Tyler , pops by and chats with Del, who talks about how he, Rodney, Albert, Boycie , and numerous The Nag's Head regulars are going off on their traditional once-a-year annual \"Beano\" (day-trip) called the Jolly Boys' Outing to the seaside resort of Margate on Saturday. [PAR] The following evening, at Rodney and Cassandra's flat, the Trotters enjoy a sophisticated dinner with Cassandra's parents, as well as her boss, Stephen (a yuppie who is much hated by Rodney, Alan , and to a lesser extent, Albert), and his wife, Joanne. During a game of Trivial Pursuit, Del also points out that Cassandra's father Alan is also going on the Jolly Boys' Outing, much to his wife Pamela 's chagrin; but Alan promises her that he won't eat or drink anything and just have a good time. During their game of Trivial Pursuit, Del suggests that a female swan is called a bic (After a clue from Rodney, where he shows him a pen). [PAR] On Saturday, The Jolly Boys are riding down the highway in their coach (equipped with one of Del's car radios), singing along to \" Help! \" by Bananarama . Albert complains that they had to leave before breakfast, but conversation from Mickey Pearce and Jevon reveals that the Jolly Boys had to leave early due to it being a Bank Holiday weekend (Margate will therefore be flooded with tourists), and a train strike is also ongoing. Del goes to get his uncle some sandwiches from Denzil , only to discover him taking pills. Denzil states he simply has an ear infection, and a doctor told him to take some medication. He begs Del not to the others, since they will laugh. Del promises that Denzil's secret is safe with him. However shortly, Mike hands Denzil the brass bell he calls time with in the Nag's Head, meaning Del had told everyone on board the coach. [PAR] The coach arrives at a halfway house, where the Jolly Boys have a couple of drinks. While finding Del in the gents' toilets, Mike runs into his old rival, Eddie Chambers , who says that he now runs a night club called The Mardi Gras in Margate. Del buys some tickets from Eddie, and explains to Mike that he'll sell the tickets to some other people before leaving Margate. Mike then informs Del that Harry, the bus driver, is drunk. [PAR] Outside, Rodney, Mickey, Jevon, and Denzil play a bit of football, as the other Jolly Boys exit the halfway house with a paralytic Harry, who is helped onto the coach"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dirty Harry - Wikiquote Dirty Harry - Wikiquote [PAR] Dirty Harry [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Sociology ? Oh, you'll go far \u2014 that's if you live ... Just don't let your college degree get you killed 'cause I'm liable to get killed along with ya. [PAR] When a naked man is chasing a woman through an alley with a butcher knife and a hard-on, I figure he isn't out collecting for the Red Cross. [PAR] I know what you're thinking. \"Did he fire six shots or only five?\" Well, to tell you the truth , in all this excitement I kind of lost track myself. But being as this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world , and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: \"Do I feel lucky ?\" Well, do ya, punk? [PAR] Dirty Harry is a 1971 film about a San Francisco cop with little regard for rules, but who always gets results, tracking down a serial killer who snipes at random victims. [PAR] You don't assign him to murder cases, You just turn him loose. [taglines] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Harry Callahan[ edit ] [PAR] You gotta be kidding. I don't got any time to break in any newcomers. Why don't you do this boy a favor ... if I need a partner, I'll get me someone who knows what the hell he's doin'. [PAR] [to Gonzalez] Sociology? Oh, you'll go far \u2014 that's if you live ... Just don't let your college degree get you killed 'cause I'm liable to get killed along with ya. [PAR] Now you know why they call me \"Dirty Harry\". I get every dirty job that comes along. [PAR] Gonzalez was obeying orders from his superior, me ... he didn't know anything about it. And when this mess is over, if he [the Chief] wants my badge, well, he can have that too. [PAR] Scorpio Killer[ edit ] [PAR] [in note to the mayor] To the City of San Francisco, I will enjoy killing one person every day until you pay me one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000). If you agree say so tomorrow morning in Personal Column San Francisco Chronicle and I will set up meeting. If I do not hear from you it will be my next pleasure to kill a Catholic priest or a nigger. Scorpio [PAR] [in a letter] The double-crossing San Francisco police made me do this. Now ransom $200,000 in used 10s and 20s. One man with yellow bag, south side, Marina Green, East Harbor, 9 p.m., she has oxygen until 3 a.m. tomorrow morning, red panties and bra, nice tits, mole on left thigh. Anything cute and you'll force me to let girl die of slow suffocation. Scorpio [PAR] [to Callahan, on the phone] If I even think you're being followed, the girl dies. If you talk to anyone, I don't care if it's a Pekinese pissing against a lamppost, the girl dies ... No car. I give you a certain amount of time to go from phone booth to phone booth. I ring four times. You don't answer by the fourth ring, I hang up and that's the end of the game. The girl dies ... Cop! ... I hope you're not stupid. [PAR] [to Callahan] Left hand. Let's see the gun.[Harry pulls out his .44 Magnum] My! That's a big one. [PAR] [to Callahan] No, don't pass out on me now cop! No, no, no, no, no. Do we understand each other? I said do we understand each"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold Ramis - IMDb Harold Ramis - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Writer | Actor | Producer [PAR] Born on November 21, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois, Harold Allen Ramis got his start in comedy as Playboy magazine's joke editor and reviewer. In 1969, he joined Chicago's Second City's Improvisational Theatre Troupe before moving to New York to help write and perform in \"The National Lampoon Show\" with other Second City graduates including John ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 22 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 people [PAR] created 05 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 07 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 24 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 20 Jan 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Harold Ramis's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 7 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2018 Ghostbusters: Ecto Force (TV Series) (characters - 2018) ( announced ) [PAR] 2016 Ghostbusters (based on the 1984 film \"Ghostbusters\" written by) [PAR] 2009 Year One (screenplay) / (story) [PAR] 2009 Ghostbusters (Video Game) (characters) [PAR] 1980 Caddyshack (written by) [PAR] 1979 Meatballs (written by) [PAR] SCTV (TV Series) (head writer - 25 episodes, 1976 - 1977) (writer - 22 episodes, 1978 - 1979) (supervising writer - 16 episodes, 1978) (written by - 1 episode, 1976) [PAR] 1976 The TVTV Show (TV Movie) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1982 SCTV Network (TV Series) [PAR] Allan 'Crazy Legs' Herschman [PAR] 1976 The TVTV Show (TV Movie) [PAR] Various [PAR] 1986 Back to School (executive producer) [PAR] 1984 The Top (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 1993 Groundhog Day (writer: \"Weatherman\") [PAR] 1981 Stripes (performer: \"Do Wah Diddy Diddy\" - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2007 Eagle vs Shark (special thanks) [PAR] 2006 American Pets (Video short) (special thanks) [PAR] 2012 Metaphysical Milkshake (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2010 Invitation to World Literature (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009-2010 Biography (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself - Friend / Himself [PAR] 2009 Whatever Happened To? (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009 D\u00edas de cine (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Interviewee [PAR] 2009 Slimer Mode (Video documentary) [PAR] Himself - 'Egon Spangler' / Co-writer [PAR] 2007 Greatest Ever 80s Movies (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007 The Seduction (Video short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 American Pets (Video short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 The 50 Greatest Comedy Films (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 The 100 Greatest Family Films (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 Best Ever Family Films (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 Stars and Stripes 1 (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 Stars and Stripes 2 (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2002 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2002 VH-1 Behind the Movie (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2002 The Daily Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 1999 Caddyshack: The 19th Hole (Video short documentary) [PAR] Himself - Director [PAR] 1986/I Comic Relief (TV Special) [PAR] Moe Green [PAR] 1984 The Top (TV Movie) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1976 Super Bowl (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself (voice) [PAR] 1969 Playboy After Dark (TV Series) [PAR] Various [PAR] - Episode #1.22 (1969) ... Various (uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2014 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 The O'Reilly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Harris - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Richard Harris | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Career [PAR] Late in his career, he acted in the Oscar-winning films Unforgiven and Gladiator (in the latter as Marcus Aurelius). [PAR] Harris in \"This Sporting Life\" [PAR] He played Albus Dumbledore in the first two Harry Potter films , that is, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . He at first declined the offer to play Dumbledore; however, upon hearing the news that her grandfather had a very good shot at playing the role, his granddaughter told him that if he did not go back and take the part, she would never speak to him again. And so, he accepted the part. In 2003 , his voice could be heard as the character Opaz in the animated film Kaena: The Prophecy. The movie was also dedicated to him as he had died the previous year. In his career, he was nominated for two Best Actor Academy Awards: for This Sporting Life in 1964 , and The Field in 1991 . He was also an accomplished musician and singer: he released several albums, and his single \"MacArthur Park\" reached #2 on the American Billboard Hot 100 chart. [PAR] Selected filmography[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Actor Richard Harris dies BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Actor Richard Harris dies [PAR] Friday, 25 October, 2002, 18:52 GMT [PAR] Actor Richard Harris dies [PAR] Harris had been expected to rejoin the Harry Potter cast [PAR] Celebrated actor Richard Harris has died following a fight against cancer, his family has confirmed. [PAR] The Irish screen veteran, 72, had been undergoing chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease, after falling ill two months ago. [PAR] He was an extraordinary man, a great storyteller [PAR] Michael Parkinson [PAR] His death was announced by sons Damian, Jarid and Jamie who said their \"beloved father\" had passed away peacefully at University College Hospital, London, at 1900 BST on Friday. [PAR] Harris, already a renowned actor, became known to a new generation of film fans through his role as Professor Albus Dumbledore in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone - the first movie based on JK Rowling's tales of the boy wizard. [PAR] He had just finished work on the second Harry Potter movie, Chamber of Secrets, when he became ill this summer. [PAR] Harris had expected to be discharged in time to work on the third Potter film, The Prisoner of Azkaban. [PAR] Harris played 150-year-old Dumbledore [PAR] Film director Michael Winner said: \"The lights have dimmed a lot with his passing. [PAR] \"He was my neighbour for ten years, and he was the most wonderful, warm character.\" [PAR] Chat show host Michael Parkinson - who interviewed Harris three times - said: \"He was an extraordinary man, a great storyteller, very intelligent.\" [PAR] Hodgkin's disease - a form of cancer that affects the lymph glands - was diagnosed when Harris went into hospital with a severe chest infection in August. [PAR] Only a few weeks ago his agent, Sharon Thomas, told BBC News Online he was \"responding well to treatment\". [PAR] Seven-film contract [PAR] Harris built his reputation on his commanding performances in films such as A Man Called Horse and This Sporting Life. [PAR] He was twice nominated for Oscars for This Sporting Life and The Field and was also recently nominated for a British Independent Film award for his performance as the leader of a Liverpool crime syndicate in My Kingdom. [PAR] However, he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Casablanca premieres in NYC - Nov 26, 1942 - HISTORY.com Casablanca premieres in NYC - Nov 26, 1942 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Casablanca premieres in NYC [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1942, Casablanca, a World War II-era drama starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, premieres in New York City; it will go on to become one of the most beloved Hollywood movies in history. [PAR] In the film, Bogart played Rick Blaine, a former freedom fighter and the owner of a swanky North African nightclub, who is reunited with the beautiful, enigmatic Ilsa Lund (Bergman), the woman who loved and left him. Directed by Michael Curtiz, Casablanca opened in theaters across America on January 23, 1943, and was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Bogart. It took home three Oscars, for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. The film featured a number of now-iconic quotes, including Rick\u2019s line to Ilsa: \u201cHere\u2019s looking at you, kid,\u201d as well as \u201cRound up the usual suspects,\u201d \u201cLouis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship\u201d and \u201cOf all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine.\u201d [PAR] Bogart was born on December 25, 1899, in New York City, and during the 1930s established his movie career playing tough-guy roles. He gained fame as Detective Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon (1941), which marked John Huston\u2019s directorial debut. Bogart and Huston later collaborated on such films as The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) and The African Queen (1951) with Katharine Hepburn, which earned Bogart a Best Actor Oscar. In 1945, Bogart married his fourth wife, the actress Lauren Bacall, with whom he co-starred for the first time in 1944\u2019s To Have and Have Not. Bogey and Bacall became one of Hollywood\u2019s legendary couples and went on to appear together in The Big Sleep (1946), Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Among Bogart\u2019s other film credits are The Barefoot Contessa (1954), with Ava Gardner; Sabrina (1954), with Audrey Hepburn; and The Caine Mutiny (1954), which earned him another Best Actor nomination. Bogart\u2019s final film was The Harder They Fall (1956). He died on January 14, 1957. [PAR] Casablanca was also the movie for which the Swedish-born actress Ingrid Bergman is perhaps best remembered. Bergman, born August 29, 1915, received a Best Actress Academy Award nomination for 1943\u2019s For Whom the Bell Tolls, which was followed by a win in the same category for 1944\u2019s Gaslight. She was nominated for the Best Actress Oscar again for 1945\u2019s The Bells of St. Mary\u2019s and 1948\u2019s Joan of Arc. Bergman worked with the acclaimed director Alfred Hitchcock on Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946) and Under Capricorn (1949). In 1949, the then-married Bergman began a romance with director Roberto Rossellini that created a huge scandal after she became pregnant with his child. (Bergman and Rossellini, who later married, had three children together, including the noted actress Isabella Rossellini.) Although Bergman won another Best Actress Academy Award for 1956\u2019s Anastasia, the actor Cary Grant accepted the award on her behalf, and Bergman did not return publicly to Hollywood until the 1958 Oscars, at which she was a presenter. She won her third Academy Award, in the category of Best Supporting Actress, for 1974\u2019s Murder on the Orient Express. Her final Oscar nomination, in the Best Actress category, was for 1978\u2019s Autumn Sonata, which was helmed by famed Swedish director Ingmar Bergman (to whom she was not related). She died on August 29, 1982. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Casablanca (1942)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wind in the Willows (1996) - michaeldvd.com.au The Wind in the Willows (1996) [PAR] The Wind in the Willows (1996) [PAR] Storyboard Comparisons-From Sketch To Screen [PAR] Featurette-The Costumes [PAR] Featurette-Making Of-Go Wild In The Country [PAR] Song Lyrics-Sing-Along-Songs (4) [PAR] English Dolby Digital 2.0 (192Kb/s) [PAR] French Dolby Digital 2.0 (192Kb/s) [PAR] English Audio Commentary Dolby Digital 2.0 (192Kb/s) [PAR] Widescreen Aspect Ratio [PAR] Action In or After Credits [PAR] No [PAR] NOTE: The Profanity Filter is ON. Turn it off here . [PAR] Plot Synopsis [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd There cannot be too many people who are not familiar with the happenings in Kenneth Grahame's delightful children's tale The Wind In The Willows. The adventures of the almost human Mole, Ratty, Toad and Badger as they live the peaceful existence on the riverbank until the evil weasels move in to Toad Hall and shatter the tranquillity has delighted several generations since it was first published back in 1908. In addition to a book that has sold millions of copies it has also been turned into a number of movies, of differing lengths, style and quality. Animated features abound of course, since the tale of animals with human characteristics would be quite difficult to perform as a live-action offering. [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd In 1996, Monty Python stalwart Terry Jones did try to bring the tale to the big screen using real actors, and the result was a bit of a mixed bag that will unfortunately not delight everyone due to a few changes to the basic story. Taking on the difficult roles of the animals was always going to be a challenge and probably only Eric Idle as the urbane Rat, who just loves messing about on the river in his boat, brings off the role with any charm. Director Jones takes on the role of the dopey yet wealthy Toad with aplomb, while Steve Coogan is Mole. [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd The film starts with Mole's house suddenly knocked down by the rampaging weasels who are planning some new land developments. Rescued by Rat, the pair set about righting the wrongs and getting Mole's house back. Aided and hindered in equal measure by the irrepressible Toad, who is obsessed with the new motor car he just bought, the film plays out as the peace-loving animals set about getting their land back. [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd In addition to Jones, other original Python members do make fleeting appearances. John Cleese is the lawyer defending Toad in court, while Michael Palin must have been busy with his travel documentaries and manages to make just a very brief appearance as the sun. [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd The charm of the book and the earlier animated films is simply missing in this live action film filled with cheap special effects and an almost pantomime feel to the whole production (right down to the extremely cheesy song and dance numbers). The kids will probably love it, but the young at heart will be better suited looking up the delightful 1995 made for television animated version with Michael Palin providing the voice of Rat, Michael Gambon as Badger, and Rik Mayall an outrageous Toad. That version sticks much more closely to the original story and is much better for it. [PAR] Don't wish to see plot synopses in the future? Change your configuration . [PAR] Transfer Quality [PAR] Video [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd This transfer presented in an aspect ratio of 1.85:1. It is also 16x9 enhanced. [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd The video transfer exhibits a more than acceptable level of sharpness with no hint of edge enhancement . Shadow detail is also excellent."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pounds to Ounces - How many ounces in a pound? Pounds to Ounces - How many ounces in a pound? [PAR] Pounds to Ounces Conversion [PAR] How many ounces in a pound? [PAR] The conversion factor from pounds to ounces is 16 (for troy weight, it is 12). To find out how many ounces in a pound, multiply by the conversion factor or simply use the converter below. [PAR] 1 Pound = 16 Ounces [PAR] 1 Troy Pound = 12 Troy Ounces [PAR] Pound is a unit of mass in U.S customary, imperial and other different measurement systems including the historical ones (Romans called it \"libra\" and that's why it's abbreviated as \"lb\" and \"lbs\" today). After the metric system is accepted in many countries, it's replaced with \"kilogram\" but it's still one of the most common weight units in US, UK, Canada and a few other countries. [PAR] Ounce is used as a unit of mass in imperial and U.S. customary measurement systems. It is also used as a volume unit but in this case, fluid ounce is referred. The abbreviation is \"oz\". [PAR] For ounces to pounds converter, please go to ounces to pounds [PAR] For other weight units conversion, please go to Weight Conversion [PAR] Converter [PAR] Enter a pound value that you want to convert into ounces and click on the \"convert\" button.[DOC] [TLE] How Many Ounces in a Pound How Many Ounces in a Pound [PAR] Units of Measure / How Many Ounces in a Pound [PAR] How Many Ounces in a Pound [PAR] Aug 31, 2011 [PAR] Ounces1 and pounds2 are widely-used as units of weight measurement in the USA, Canada, Great Britain and some other countries. The ounce is especially popular in old cooking books. There are imperial and US ounces and the latter is 4% larger. You should not confuse dry ounces with fluid ones which are used to measure volume. [PAR] Are There 12 or 16 Ounces in One Pound? [PAR] The pound was once used almost in all the European countries, but it was replaced by grams after the adoption of the international metric system. Pounds and ounces are common units but if you ask people how many ounces there are in one pound, you can get two different answers \u2013 12 or 16 ounces. And both of them will be right ones. [PAR] The point is that there are two main weight systems: Avoirdupois and Troy. According to the Avoirdupois Weight, one pound equals to 16 ounces. But the Troy Weight states that one pound is divided into 12 ounces. In the USA and Great Britain the avoirdupois pound is used (though you might have never heard its full name). So in these countries \u201csixteen\u201d will be the right answer to the question, \u201cHow many ounces are there in a pound?\u201d [PAR] There are also some other weight systems (Tower, Merchant, London, etc) that have their own definitions of this unit. The chart below will give help you to understand how many ounces, grains and grams are in each variant of the pound. [PAR] [PAR] 7200 [PAR] 467 [PAR] Ounce (abbr. oz) is a widely-spread unit of mass or volume (fluid ounce), which is used in various systems and has several definitions. The most regular definition of this unit is equivalent to approximately 28 grams. [PAR] Pound (abbr. lb) is a general unit of mass, which is used mostly in the USA, Great Britain, Canada and some other countries. It has many definitions, but the most known of them is equal to 454 metric grams."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gallons to Pints - How many pints in a gallon? - Ask Numbers Gallons to Pints - How many pints in a gallon? [PAR] Gallons to Pints Conversion [PAR] How many pints in a gallon? [PAR] Gallons to pints fluid and dry volume units conversion factors are listed below. To find out how many pints in gallons, multiply by the factor or simply use the converter below. [PAR] 1 Gallon = 8 Pints [US, UK, Fluid or Dry] [PAR] Gallon and pint are imperial and US customary volume measurement units. Both units can be used for fluid and dry measurement in US customary but there is no such distinction in the imperial system. The abbreviation for gallon is \"gal\" and for pint is \"pt\". [PAR] For other volume unit conversions, please go to Volume Conversion [PAR] Converter[DOC] [TLE] Measurements: How many pints are in a gallon? - Quora Measurements: How many pints are in a gallon? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written Sep 16, 2011 [PAR] The short answer is eight -- there are eight U.S. pints in a U.S. gallon, and eight British pints in a British (or Imperial) gallon, which covers any realistic situation this might come up in. Of course, you can see that the question also has two \"silly\" answers: there are 9.6 U.S. pints in a British gallon, and consequently there are 6.7 British pints in a U.S. gallon. [PAR] Updated Oct 13 [PAR] I have never been married. The one I hear is, \"He has never been married. He must be gay or severely damaged, probably closeted. You would be better off avoiding him or at least keeping your children away from him.\" [PAR] This truly, really hurts, by the way, and there is no defense against it. I even hear it from relatives from time to time. \"You're not married. Are you gay?\" [PAR] For the record, I am not ... [PAR] Written Mar 26, 2014 [PAR] I accidentally found a good trick for this when my daughter was little. She'd walk only a short way and then she'd say she was tired. [PAR] \"Oh, you are tired of walking? Let's run then!\" I'd say. She fell for it so many times that I began to think it is actually easier for them to run than to walk. [PAR] If you can run, here's another game you can play. Take her hand and then run as fast as you can..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miles To Yards Conversion - How many yards in a mile Miles to Yards - How many yards in a mile? [PAR] Miles to Yards Conversion [PAR] How many yards in a mile? [PAR] Length units mile to yard conversion factor is 1760. To find out how many yards in miles, multiply by the factor or instead, use the converter below. [PAR] 1 Mile = 1760 Yards [PAR] Mile is an imperial and U.S. customary unit and equals to 5280 feet. It is mostly used in united states and uk to measure the distance between two geographical locations. The abbreviation is \"mi\". [PAR] Yard is an imperial, U.S. customary unit. It equals to 3 feet or 36 inches. The abbreviation is \"yd\". [PAR] For yard to mile converter, please go to yards to miles [PAR] For other length unit conversions, please go to Length Conversion [PAR] Converter[DOC] [TLE] Online Conversion - Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? Online Conversion - Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] [PAR] Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] by Tom Cornell on 03/03/05 at 11:48:24 [PAR] ??? Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? Is there a particular reason? ??? [PAR] Re: Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] by Robert Fogt on 03/03/05 at 17:18:32 [PAR] The word mile comes from the Latin word mille, which means 1000, as the original mile was defined as 1000 paces of a Roman Legion. [PAR] The definition has changed many times over the years, but it eventually (in the year 1592) settled to being defined as 5280 feet. Which is 1760 yards, as there are 3 feet in a yard. [PAR] The definition of the mile has not changed since 1592, but the definition of the foot has, so the actual length of the mile has changed a couple times. That is why there is a survey mile and the international mile. The survey mile is 5280 survey feet, and the international mile is 5280 international feet."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fathom to Foot - How many feet in a fathom? - Ask Numbers Fathom to Foot - How many feet in a fathom? [PAR] Fathoms to Feet Conversion [PAR] How many feet in a fathom? [PAR] Fathoms to feet length units conversion table shows the most common values for the quick reference. Alternatively, you may use the converter below to convert any other values. [PAR] 1 Fathom = 6 Feet [PAR] Fathom is an imperial, US customary length unit and usually used to measure the depth of water. The abbreviation is \"ftm\". [PAR] Foot is an imperial, US customary length unit and commonly used in daily life. Historically, it is also one of the oldest length units since in most ancient systems they were using human body parts for length measurement. 1 foot is 12 inches and 1/3 of a yard. The abbreviation is \"ft\" or (\u2032) prime symbol. [PAR] For other length unit conversions, please go to Length Conversion [PAR] Converter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Imperial Measures of Length and Area - Demon Internet Imperial Measures of Length and Area [PAR] Enter number and select unit. [PAR] Select other units for conversion. [PAR] The units in common use were inches, feet, yards and miles. We all had to know our twelve times table! An inch is the width of a thumb, a foot is the length of a foot (!) and a yard is a single stride, all for a large man. My own thumb is 3/4 inch across, my foot is 11 inches and my stride is 2 feet. However, the word 'stride' is ambiguous. It may mean two steps, that is until you are on the same foot again, in which case my stride is 4 feet. [PAR] The foot has been used for over a thousand years, the inch since medieval times, and the yard in the reign of Henry I (1100-1135) was within a tenth of an inch of the modern yard. Henry I decreed the lawful yard to be the distance between the tip of his nose and the end of his thumb, and in 1324, Edward II decreed that the inch was the length of 3 barley corns placed end-to-end. There are some Tudor measures here. The foot, a length of the human foot, became anything from 9 3/4 to 19 inches. \ufffd It was not until 1844 that there was anything resembling a real standard. In that year the British government created a standard master yard in the famous length of bronze, marked off in feet and inches which is still on view at Greenwich. [PAR] Click here for a photo and description of the Trafalgar Square standard measures. [PAR] A light year is the distance that light travels in a year. The nearest stars are a few light years away. A foot is approximately a light nanosecond! (A nanosecond is a billionth of a second, or 1/1,000,000,000 secs.) [PAR] The inch is defined as exactly 2.54 centimetres. This means that the Imperial units of length are based on the metric system! [PAR] A mile is derived from \"mille\", Latin for thousand, since a mile is a thousand Roman double paces, from left foot to left foot, about 5 feet, which would make 5000 feet. The mile is 5280 feet. In the past every part of England had its own mile, up to 2880 yards (it is now 1760 yards). In Ireland, the mile was 2240 yards well into the 20C. [PAR] A chain is the length of a cricket pitch. It has been used since 1620. It was so-called because it was measured with a real chain, with real links, made of metal. Its correct name is a Gunter's chain or surveyor's chain, since it was invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London. There is another chain of 100 feet, where each link is one foot long. This is the Ramsden's chain or engineer's chain (see near bottom for page for an example). The Gunter's chain is 4 poles long, which means that one chain by one furlong is an acre. This also means that an acre is 10 square chains. [PAR] A correspondent says \"The whole of the United States was measured and mapped using the Gunters Chain and his chain still applies to all title plans in use today.. \ufffdFor this reason all city blocks, roads and avenues are multiples of the Chain. \ufffdTowns were laid out at 6 miles square or 36 sq miles. \ufffdEarly farms were sold to would-be farmers as lots of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pints, gallons, firkins, barrels and more! Pints, gallons, firkins, barrels and more! [PAR] The style of glass on the left - with the fetching bulge part way down - [PAR] is referred to as Nonic. [PAR] Then there's the standard straight-sided type. [PAR] Other commonly available styles are the Tulip . . . [PAR] [PAR] . . . and the Dimple [PAR] If you want to strike up an interesting - and long lasting - discussion in a pub, simply ask a couple of the locals which shape of beer glass is best. That should while away a few happy (or possibly heated!) hours. [PAR] And if conversation flags you can always ask them if beer should be served with a good head of foam . . . [PAR] So if beer comes in casks, don't they use barrels any more? [PAR] [PAR] Well, yes and no . . . Beer is delivered in casks of firkin or kilderkin size, because those are reckoned to be most convenient for sales purposes - and in these days of strict Health and Safety rules they are also less likely to give the drayman or cellarman a hernia! [PAR] But the old barrel (measuring 36 gallons) still survives in a notional form because that is how the output of a brewery is assessed - one with a 10 barrel plant can produce 360 gallons. [PAR] (End of term test - how many pints is that?) [PAR] [PAR] For those who really enjoy the details - or are simply masochists looking for a quick headache - an Imperial British Gallon was defined as the volume occupied by exactly 10 pounds of water of density 0.988859 gramme per millilitre weighed in air of density 0.001217 gramme per millilitre against weights of density 8.136 grammes per millilitre - got that? [PAR] [PAR] And if you still haven't got the headache you were seeking, be aware that the capacity of a barrel has been defined in different ways over the years, being 31.5 gallons if it held wine, but 32 gallons when the contents were classed as ale and 36 gallons when beer! [PAR] [PAR] Now lets put it all together - and throw in a few more to make confusion complete. [PAR] One Fluid Ounce (Fl. oz) is 1/160 of a Gallon [PAR] One Gill is 5 Fl. oz or 1/32 of a Gallon [PAR] One Pint is 4 Gills or 20 Fl. oz or 1/8 of a Gallon [PAR] One Quart is 2 Pints or 8 Gills or 40 Fl. oz or 1/4 of a Gallon [PAR] There is also a Pottle, which is 2 Quarts or 4 Pints. [PAR] I've never heard it used but it's an attractive thought: [PAR] \"Ho there, mine host, a pottle of your best ale!\" [PAR] Must try that in my local sometime . . . [PAR] [PAR] One Firkin is 9 Gallons [PAR] One Kilderkin is 2 Firkins or 18 Gallons [PAR] One Barrel is 2 Kilderkins or 36 Gallons [PAR] In the wine trade they still use Hogshead, where it means 63 Gallons, but in the brewing industry it used to refer to 1.5 Barrels=54 Gallons. [PAR] Similar disagreement exists with Pipe or Butt (126 Gallons of wine, but 3 Barrels=108 Gallons of beer). And although both trades agree that a Tun or Ton is 2 Pipes, that works out at 252 gallons of wine but 216 of beer!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quire, Ream, Bundle, Bale & Pallet - Paper Quantities Quire, Ream, Bundle, Bale & Pallet - Paper Quantities [PAR] Ream of 80gsm office paper. [PAR] Pallets of Paper [PAR] In the US a pallet of paper is usually 40 cases of 10 reams per case giving a total of 200,000 sheets. In the UK a pallet can be either 20 boxes of 5 reams per box (50,000 sheets) or 50 boxes of 5 reams (125,000 sheets) depending upon who you purchase from. [PAR] Other Paper Quantities [PAR] It is fairly common these days to see specialist papers sold in 100 sheet (4 quire) packages and heavier weight card (160gsm+) being sold in 250 sheet (10 quire) packages. [PAR] Imperial Reams & Quires [PAR] Prior to standardisation on the metric ream and quire of 500 and 25 sheets respectively, the UK and other British Commonwealth countries used a quire of 24 sheets (2 dozen) and a ream of 20 quires at 480 sheets. This was also used in the US where it is known as the short quire. [PAR] The following table gives the number of sheets for the Imperial (Short) quire, ream, bundle and bale. [PAR] Measure[DOC] [TLE] quire - definition of quire in English from the Oxford ... quire - definition of quire in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of quire in English: [PAR] quire [PAR] 1Four sheets of paper or parchment folded to form eight leaves, as in medieval manuscripts. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018Pages printed on one or both sides, gathered into quires or folios, superseded papyrus and parchment rolls in the fourth century CE.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018But I did have the trimmings from the quires the monks made to make tiny booklets of my own.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Finally, the quires of pages are bound between two wooden covers and the spine is tied with damp leather.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018These quires are then bound together in the correct order to produce the book.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018These, too, were the work of several artists working simultaneously on numbers of quires on details such as historiated initials, bas-de-page and marginal illustrations, and line endings.\u2019 [PAR] 1.1 Any collection of leaves one within another in a manuscript or book: [PAR] \u2018the scribe numbered the quires of his manuscript as well as the leaves\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018Some of the resulting changes in practice, such as the systematic marking up of quires by scribes for assembly by the libraire, are of great value to the codicologist in reconstructing the original order of the manuscript.\u2019 [PAR] 1.2 25 (formerly 24) sheets of paper; one twentieth of a ream: [PAR] \u2018the package contained two quires of tracing paper\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018Myra had enclosed a quire of writing paper and three bottles of ink, no excuses for not writing now.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018There's only so many pens and packs of post-its to go round, so if you want something exotic like a stamp pad or a quire of photo-copy paper, get in with your order fast.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018This is Franklin's workshop; its shelves are heaped with junk: quires of paper, rags, hammers, tongs, bottles, wires, books, old shoes, rolls of leather, bones, feathers.\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] Middle English: from Old French quaier, from Latin quaterni set of four. [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] I brought \u00a3100 out of my bank account [PAR] I took \u00a3100 out of my bank account [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Will you bring me back some scent from Paris? [PAR] Will you take me back some scent from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many calories are there in a pint of Beer? - YouTube How many calories are there in a pint of Beer? | TMZ - YouTube [PAR] How many calories are there in a pint of Beer? | TMZ [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 3, 2015 [PAR] Our camera guy tells Tika Sumpter there is 200 calories in a pint of beer but how many hours would it take to burn off those calories by just chewing gum? Click 'SHOW MORE' for related content.... [PAR] Cameras Caught Supermodel Nina Agdal On All Fours! https://youtu.be/BYlQLCVmfcQ [PAR] \u2018Redneck Island\u2019 Cast Members Take Beer Ponging To A Whole New Level! https://youtu.be/8tq3YYNlrhY [PAR] Jimmy Fallon VS Miranda Kerr -- FLIP CUP! https://youtu.be/_r7_BPRffVg [PAR] Matthew McConaughey & Brad Pitt Are Balcony To Balcony in New Orleans https://youtu.be/8yQG9Rgt_N0 [PAR] SUBSCRIBE: http://po.st/TMZSubscribe [PAR] About TMZ: [PAR] TMZ has consistently been credited for breaking the biggest stories dominating the entertainment news landscape and changed the way the public gets their news. Regularly referenced by the media, TMZ is one of the most cited entertainment news sources in the world. [PAR] Subscribe to TMZ on YouTube for breaking celebrity news/ gossip and insight from the newsroom staff (TMZ Chatter & TMZ News), the best clips from TMZ on TV, Raw & Uncut TMZ paparazzi video (from TMZ.com) and the latest video from TMZ Sports and TMZ Live! [PAR] Keeping Up with Our YouTube Exclusive Content: [PAR] TMZ Chatter: TMZ newsroom staff insight and commentary from stories/ photos/ videos on TMZ.com [PAR] TMZ News: The latest news you need to know from TMZ.com [PAR] Raq Rants: Raquel Harper talks to a celebrity guest with ties to the hip hop and R&B communities. [PAR] Behind The Bar Podcast: TMZ's lawyers Jason Beckerman and Derek Kaufman loiter at the intersection of law and entertainment, where they look closely at the personalities, events and trends driving the world of celebrity \u2014 and how the law affects it all. [PAR] We love Hollywood, we just have a funny way of showing it. [PAR] Need More TMZ? [PAR] LIKE TMZ on Facebook! http://po.st/TMZLike [PAR] FOLLOW TMZ on Twitter! http://po.st/TMZFollow [PAR] FOLLOW TMZ on Instagram! http://po.st/TMZInsta [PAR] TMZ on TV & TMZ Sports on FS1 Tune In Info: http://po.st/TMZOnAir [PAR] TMZ is on iOS! http://po.st/TMZiOS [PAR] TMZ is on Android! http://po.st/TMZonAndroid [PAR] Got a Tip?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Championships: Men's 110m hurdles - Athletics Weekly World Championships: Men\u2019s 110m hurdles [PAR] by Athletics Weekly July 26, 2015 [PAR] It\u2019s the turn of the men\u2019s 110m hurdles as we take an event-by-event look back at the IAAF World Championships [PAR] The home crowd for the inaugural championships in Helsinki in 1983 regarded the 110m hurdles as one of the highlights as they had a genuine medal hope in Arto Bryggare, who won both his heat and semi-final. The favourite, though, was Greg Foster who had won his semi-final in a much faster 13.22. [PAR] The Finn led for four hurdles before the American eased past and seemed to be on his way to a clear win, but then smashed the last two hurdles and was thrown off balance and was lucky to stay upright, only just winning in 13.42 from Bryggare\u2019s 13.46. Foster and Bryggare went on to finish second and third in the 1984 Olympics behind Roger Kingdom. [PAR] The American successfully defended his title in Rome in 1987, setting a championship record of 13.20 in his heat and then winning the final in 13.21. The other two medals went to two British 20-year-olds. Jon Ridgeon was perhaps surprisingly the silver medallist and was even closing on Foster over the last few hurdles, running 13.29 despite dislocating his toe. Colin Jackson, who only just scraped into the final, took bronze. [PAR] Eight years after winning his first gold, Foster became the first athlete to win three in any event when he won in Tokyo in 1991, but it was close as he shared the winning time of 13.06 with his team-mate Jack Pierce, who pushed him all the way. [PAR] Jackson won his heat in 13.25 but scratched from the semi-final, although Britain still won another medal through Tony Jarrett who clocked 13.25 himself to push future Olympic champion Mark McKoy down to fourth. Jarrett had run 13.23 in his semi-final to beat Foster. [PAR] A clear world No.1, Jackson lost his chance of glory in the 1992 Olympics and, after a disappointing hurdling display, struggled in seventh. However, in the 1993 Worlds he proved unbeatable, running a perfect final and winning in a world record 12.91 to beat the four-year-old record of Roger Kingdom. Less than a metre behind, Jarrett also had the race of his life and improved his PB from 13.13 to a staggering 13.00. Foster didn\u2019t make the USA team, but America nevertheless made the podium as Pierce returned to take third in 13.12. [PAR] Jackson was injured for Gothenburg in 1995, but Jarrett was back and in form. After being fastest in the second round and semi-final, he ran a great final, clocking 13.04 and won his third medal but fell half a metre short of Allen Johnson\u2019s 13.00 victory. [PAR] Kingdom, the 1984 and 1988 Olympic champion, won his only world championships medal in third ahead of Pierce, who took his fourth top-four placing. [PAR] Johnson retained his title with an easier victory in Athens in 1997. He won in a superb 12.93, which was the fifth fastest time in history and just missed the American record. [PAR] Jackson made a successful return to championship racing and ran his fastest time for three years of 13.05 to complete his set of medals in second. Igor Kovac surprisingly took bronze and won Slovakia\u2019s first championship medal in any event. [PAR] Johnson missed out on a third title as he withdrew injured from the semi-finals. America also suffered disappointment with sub-13 world leader Mark Crear disqualified from his quarter-final. Gold went"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson\u2019s Neverland Valley Ranch \u2013 5225 Figueroa ... Michael Jackson\u2019s Neverland Valley Ranch \u2013 5225 Figueroa Mountain Road, Los Olivos, CA | The Pinnacle List [PAR] Michael Jackson\u2019s Neverland Valley Ranch \u2013 5225 Figueroa Mountain Road, Los Olivos, CA [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Summary [PAR] Michael Jackson purchased the sprawling 2,675-acre Sycamore Valley Ranch property in the Santa Ynez Valley, 2 \u00bd hours north of Los Angeles from developer William Bone, complete with a fully furnished 13,000 sq. ft. main house and multiple outbuildings, spectacular gardens, and a four-acre lake in 1988. [PAR] Making it entirely his own, Michael renamed the property Neverland and created a magical fantasy setting for his home, complete with his own theatre, zoo, a private amusement park, fairgrounds, two railways with a steam locomotive and a grand main station. [PAR] Jackson lived in the home as his exclusive private residence from 1988 until 2003 when he decided not to return to the property following a police search, saying that he no longer considered the ranch a home. In 2006, the facilities were closed and most of the staff was dismissed. A spokesman for Neverland at the time stated that this reflected the fact that Michael Jackson no longer lived there. [PAR] The former Neverland Valley Ranch is currently part owned by the Michael Jackson Estate after his tragic death in 2009 and an affiliate of Colony Capital, an investment company run by billionaire Tom Barrack. [PAR] Details [PAR] 12,598 sq. ft. (1,170.38 m\u00b2) [PAR] Land [PAR] 5225 Figueroa Mountain Road, Los Olivos, California 93441 [PAR] State [PAR] Michael Jackson Estate and Colony Capital LLC (2008 to present) [PAR] Past Owner [PAR] World's Best Luxury Real Estate and Lifestyle Magazine [PAR] +1 (778) 836-3302 [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Tags [PAR] World's Best Luxury Real Estate and Lifestyle Magazine [PAR] +1 (778) 836-3302 [PAR] $33 Million Luxury Residence \u2013 2495 Riviera Dr, Laguna Beach, CA [PAR] eva maria uhl [PAR] To see this beautiful place of Michael Jackson, called Neverland makes me sad. I was there in March, 2012 and of course I couldn\u00b4t see the golden gate and all those amazing places inside, but I could stand there at the little gate looking at the valley and the mountains. I spoke with one securirty guard, a very humble man and i lost my heart over there. I love this place and I hope and pray that all the beauty, the flowers and everything would awaken with a new owner who will still let live Michael Jacksons legacy. I will love Michael Jackson forever more. [PAR] With love, eva maria uhl from Germany. [PAR] Enola Lee [PAR] I see you found the floor plans on my blog Enola Lee\u2019s Neverland. [PAR] I hope you appreciate them, because I spent two weeks drawing them from scratch based on tiny copies in Architectural Digest. [PAR] The Pinnacle List [PAR] Yes we did, Enola, and we appreciate the attention to detail you put into illustrating those floor plans of Neverland Valley Ranch, along with the time you put into that work! [PAR] DDD [PAR] MICHAEL JACKSON ia forever in my heart.. Hoping the family will re-open NEVERLAND for the fans. [PAR] Mary JJ [PAR] Neverland \u2014 Heaven on Earth! [PAR] Billy [PAR] What a wonderful presentation of Neverland. Such a beautiful place, all from the imagination of the man himself! [PAR] Rebbie Pearson [PAR] Nothing like it. I wish I could have gone to Neverland when I was a child! [PAR] Beverly Gramstad [PAR] i will be there on June 26th\u2026will the grounds be open for fans to visit??"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Samuel L. Jackson - Biography - IMDb Samuel L. Jackson - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Samuel L. Jackson [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 125 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (11) | Trivia (62) | Personal Quotes (42) | Salary (4) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\u00bd\" (1.89 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Samuel L. Jackson is an American producer and highly prolific actor, having appeared in over 100 films, including Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), Unbreakable (2000), Shaft (2000), Formula 51 (2001), Black Snake Moan (2006), Snakes on a Plane (2006), and the Star Wars prequel trilogy (1999-2005), as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe. [PAR] Samuel Leroy Jackson was born in Washington, D.C., to Elizabeth (Montgomery) and Roy Henry Jackson. He was raised by his mother, a factory worker. Jackson was active in the black student movement. In the seventies, he joined the Negro Ensemble Company (together with Morgan Freeman ). In the eighties, he became well-known after three movies made by Spike Lee : Do the Right Thing (1989), Mo' Better Blues (1990) and Jungle Fever (1991). He achieved prominence and critical acclaim in the early 1990s with films such as Patriot Games (1992), Amos & Andrew (1993), True Romance (1993), Jurassic Park (1993), and his collaborations with director Quentin Tarantino , including Pulp Fiction (1994), Jackie Brown (1997), and later Django Unchained (2012). Going from supporting player to leading man, his performance in Pulp Fiction (1994) gave him an Oscar nomination for his character Jules Winnfield, and he received a Silver Berlin Bear for his part as Ordell Robbi in Jackie Brown (1997). Jackson usually played bad guys and drug addicts before becoming an action hero, co-starring with Bruce Willis in Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995) and Geena Davis in The Long Kiss Goodnight (1996). [PAR] With Jackson's permission, his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character, Nick Fury. He later did a cameo as the character in a post-credits scene from Iron Man (2008), and went on to sign a nine-film commitment to reprise this role in future films, including major roles in Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and minor roles in Thor (2011) and Captain America: The First Avenger (2011). He has also portrayed the character in the second and final episodes of the first season of the TV show, Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013). He has provided his voice to several animated films, television series and video games, including the roles of Lucius Best / Frozone in Pixar's film The Incredibles (2004), Mace Windu in Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008), Afro Samurai in the anime television series Afro Samurai (2007), and Frank Tenpenny in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004). [PAR] ( 14 January 1980 - present) (1 child) [PAR] Trade Mark (11) [PAR] Rebellious characters who are disliked or considered strange by others in the story [PAR] Often plays police officers or government officials. Both prone to intimidation or violence [PAR] Often plays very wise and intelligent characters with great capacities for violence [PAR] Frequently plays tough characters who swear a lot [PAR] Frequent swearing [PAR] Often sports a moustache or goatee in his films [PAR] Shaven head [PAR] Often plays hotheaded characters with a fiery temper [PAR] Often shouts the word 'motherf*****' at some point in a film. [PAR] Trivia (62) [PAR] Daughter - Zo\u00eb Jackson (b. 1982). [PAR] Grew up in Chattanooga,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] We Are the World -- Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie - YouTube We Are the World -- Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie - YouTube [PAR] We Are the World -- Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 4, 2009 [PAR] \"We Are the World\" is a 1985 song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, produced and conducted by Quincy Jones and recorded by a supergroup of 45 popular musicians billed as USA for Africa (United Support of Artists for Africa). The charity single was intended to raise funds to help famine-relief efforts in Africa, which had experienced unusual drought in 1984/1985. [PAR] The song was inspired by the charity single \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" which had been released a few months prior in November 1984. After that performance, which mostly included British musicians, Band Aid organizer Bob Geldof attempted to contact American musicians for an American Christmas charity single, but he had little luck in getting the musicians to reorganize their schedules for recording. Harry Belafonte, who had not been contacted by Geldof, contacted music manager Ken Kragen about putting together a concert to help raise money for African causes. [PAR] A temporary, but severe, drought in central Africa during 1984/1985, had decimated local food supplies, and famine relief was still needed for 6 countries, noted by the United Nations (UN): Ethiopia (commonly in news reports), Chad, Mali, Niger, Sudan and Mozambique.[3] Kragen, the manager of Lionel Richie and Kenny Rogers, didn't believe that a concert would make enough of a difference and suggested a charity single instead, including about a dozen artists. However, response from musicians was overwhelming, and Kragen turned down about 50 artists who wished to appear on the song. [PAR] Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie wrote the song for the group, knowing there were people dying in Africa. Quincy Jones agreed to produce and sent a demo to all the participating artists, along with a note to \"check their egos at the door\". [PAR] (wikipedia)[DOC] [TLE] \u201cWe are the World\u201d Song - primeessays.co.uk \ufffdWe are the World\ufffd Song [PAR] Buy custom \ufffdWe are the World\ufffd Song essay [PAR] \"We Are the World\" was a song written with charity in mind. The song was written by Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson and recorded by a group of popular musicians who referred to themselves as the USA for Africa. This was in 1985; Quincy Jones with Michael Omartian were the men behind the production of the song. The song has sold over twenty million copies worldwide, and this money has gone to various charity organizations all over the world. The song was in response to the big hunger that was affecting parts of Africa and causing great suffering to the people in this region. The song was meant to raise funds and at the same time create awareness of the problems in Africa so that those who have ability can act to avoid further hardships for the people. [PAR] Harry Belafonte was the man behind the idea; his initial intention was to create an aid concert made up of musicians from the African American descent. Ken Kragen, who later became the leader of the organization called United Support of Artists for Africa, came up with the idea of the popular \u201cBand Aid\u201d. Ken"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Michael Jackson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Michael Jackson [PAR] For other persons named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation) . [PAR] Michael Jackson [PAR] Michael Jackson on May 14 , 1984 . [PAR] Background information [PAR] Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29 , 1958 ) is an American musician and entertainer whose successful music career and controversial personal life have been at the forefront of pop culture for the last quarter-century. [PAR] Jackson began his musical career at the age of seven as the lead singer of The Jackson 5 and released his first solo recording, Got to Be There in 1971, while remaining a member of the group. [2] He began a full-fledged solo career in 1979 and formally parted with his siblings in 1984. [3] In his solo career, Jackson recorded and co-produced the best-selling album of all time , Thriller , which was named as the world's best-selling album at the 2006 World Music Awards . It has worldwide sales exceeding that of 104 million. [4] Michael Jackson has received thirteen Grammy awards [5] and charted thirteen number-one singles in the United States . [PAR] Throughout his four-decade career, Michael Jackson has been awarded numerous honors including the World Music Award 's Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, American Music Award 's Artist of the Century Award [6] and the Bambi Award 's Pop Artist of the Millennium Award. [7] He is a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997, and as a solo artist in 2001) [8] and an inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame . [9] Raymone Bain , Jackson's PR , claims that Jackson has sold over 750 million units worldwide. [10] [PAR] From 1988 to 2005, Jackson lived on his Neverland Ranch property, on which he built an amusement park and private zoo for economically disadvantaged and terminally ill children. His frequently held sleepover parties received disparaging media coverage after it was revealed that children frequently shared his bed or bedroom. These first came to light when he was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993 . His sleepover parties were brought into the spotlight again in 2003 during the TV documentary Living with Michael Jackson . This resulted in Jackson being tried, and later acquitted , of more child molestation allegations and several other charges in 2005. [PAR] Contents [PAR] The cover to Michael Jackson's 1971's Got to Be There . [PAR] Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana . He is the second-youngest brother of seven and the eighth of ten children of Joseph and Katherine Jackson . In 1966, after taking co-lead singing duties with brother Jermaine , the group's name changed from The Jackson Brothers to The Jackson 5 . The group played at local clubs and bars, building up a following and eventually signing a contract with Motown Records in 1968. [11] The group hit stardom, with their first four singles which charted at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 . As a solo artist, Jackson released Got to Be There in 1971 and Ben in 1972. These were released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise and produced successful singles such as \" Got to Be There \", \" Ben \", and a remake of Bobby Day 's \" Rockin' Robin \". [PAR] The group's sales declined after 1973, and the group chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow the Jacksons creative control or input."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'American Idol' Judges Through The Years: Simon Cowell ... 'American Idol' Judges Through The Years: Simon Cowell, Randy Jackson And More | The Huffington Post [PAR] 'American Idol' Judges Through The Years: Simon Cowell, Randy Jackson And More [PAR] 01/23/2013 05:36 pm ET | Updated Jan 24, 2013 [PAR] Now that Season 12 of \" American Idol \" is in full swing -- complete with Nicki Minaj and Mariah Carey's ongoing feud -- a total of ten judges have served on Fox's singing competition show. [PAR] From Paula Abdul's tears and Simon Cowell's harsh critiques to Kara DioGuardi's \"neckitude,\" the \"Idol\" judges have done their best to keep the series interesting for ten years and counting. [PAR] Click through our slideshow below for a refresher on the revolving door that is the \"American Idol\" judges panel. [PAR] American Idol Judges Through The Years [PAR] American Idol Judges Through The Years [PAR] 1[DOC] [TLE] Farewell To Randy Jackson, An Example Of All That Ails ... Farewell To Randy Jackson, An Example Of All That Ails 'American Idol' : NPR [PAR] Farewell To Randy Jackson, An Example Of All That Ails 'American Idol' [PAR] Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell, the original judges on Fox's American Idol. Michael Becker/AP hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell, the original judges on Fox's American Idol. [PAR] Michael Becker/AP [PAR] Look up \"show business survivor\" on the Google machine, and you're likely to find a picture of Randy Jackson staring back at you. [PAR] That's a curious thought, as news breaks that Jackson is leaving Fox's American Idol singing competition after 13 years as a judge and mentor \u2014 the second-to-last person from the show's inaugural season left on the show, besides host Ryan Seacrest. [PAR] But the fact is, Jackson was officially gone from Idol once before and rumored to be headed out the door many times as the show descended from its peak as TV's most popular program. Still, somehow a 58-year-old guy who dresses like a Hot Topic explosion and talks like an extra from a mid-'90s rap video outlasted Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Steven Tyler, Ellen DeGeneres and many more. [PAR] Will Fans Return To A Nicer 'Idol'? [PAR] That's why it's so painful to admit that, as Jackson leaves Idol after an undistinguished tenure as a mentor last season, he embodies everything that is wrong with the show right now \u2014 starting with what it did to his music career. [PAR] Many people who know Jackson as Idol's \"dawg\"-spouting hipster in thick glasses don't realize that he was once one of music's most successful session bassists, working as a studio hired hand for top artists. Beginning with jazz fusion pioneers Jean-Luc Ponty and Billy Cobham, Jackson eventually built a resume that included Tracy Chapman, Aretha Franklin, the Divinyls, Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, Billy Joel, Herbie Hancock and the Charlie Daniels Band. [PAR] Yes, he also joined Journey in the '80s when that band had the amazingly bad idea to replace its drummer and bassist with studio players. (The drummer had hair plugs and Jackson wore parachute pants. Deadly.) And he's also a producer who never hesitates to mention his work with Mariah Carey or the Grammy he's won (for a 2001 Gladys Knight record, he usually doesn't add). [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] Randy Jackson performs with members of Journey at the 1987 Bay Area Music Awards. [PAR] Clayton Call/Redferns/Getty Images [PAR] I've often identified with Jackson, and not just because people occasionally mistake me for him at industry functions."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bad Era, 1986 - 1989 - ALL MICHAEL JACKSON. com Michael Jackson Bad Era [PAR] Bad Album [PAR] The first single from the Bad album was a duet with Siedah Garrett called \u201cI Just Can\u2019t Stop Loving You\u201d, released on July 27, 1987. It travelled to number 1 on the US, UK and other European charts. The song became the highest debuting single of 1987. [PAR] The highly anticipated Bad album was released worldwide on August 31, 1987. Bad sold 500,000 copies within five days in the UK; a first for any artist in the UK. It debuted at number one in both the US and UK and many other countries around the world. [PAR] The album\u2019s title track \u201c Bad \u201d was released on 31st August 1987 (the same day as the Bad album) with an amazing 18 minute long short film, directed by Martin Scorsese. The film was shot on location in New York and starred Wesley Snipes. It reportedly took six weeks to make with an estimated budget of $2 million. The reaction to the short film and single was massive: it shot to number 1 in the U.S. and many other countries around the world. [PAR] In September 1987, Michael kicked off his \u201c Bad World Tour \u201d in Tokyo, Japan on September 12th. The show included a 90-member crew, state of the art light show, special effects and massive video screens. The show reportedly cost $500,000 per week to create. Michael had said at the beginning of the tour that it would be his \u201cfirst and final\u201d tour and that all proceeds from the shows would be donated to charity. In addition, at every stop on the tour, Michael set aside a portion of free tickets for under-privileged youths who would not otherwise be able to attend his concerts. [PAR] The tour in Japan was greeted with mass hysteria and the Japanese press dubbed Michael Jackson \u201cTyphoon Michael\u201d. He played nine sold out shows to thousands of fans and grossed approximately $20 million. His concert on the 26th of September at Yokohama Stadium was filmed by Nippon Television and later televised in Asia. While in Japan, a young boy called Yoshiaki was kidnapped and murdered. Michael was so moved by the story that he donated $20,000 to the family of the boy and also dedicated his entire Japanese tour to the child\u2019s memory. He also donated millions of dollars to schools, hospitals and charities in Japan. [PAR] The reaction and demand was so impressive that Michael returned to Japan a year later to play nine more sold out shows. [PAR] The tour moved onto Australia in November where Michael played five sold out shows. Stevie Wonder, also on tour in Australia, joined Michael onstage in Sydney where they treated fans to a special performance of the duet \u201cJust Good Friends\u201d. [PAR] Bad Tour [PAR] The third single from the Bad album, \u2018 The Way You Make Me Feel \u201d, was released on November 21, 1987. The 9 minute short film featured beautiful model, Tatiana Thumbtzen as Michael\u2019s love interest. The single shot to number 1 and stayed in the top 10 for 6 weeks in the US. It became the third number one single from the Bad album. [PAR] The forth single, \u201c Man in the Mirror \u201d, was released in January 1988 and became the forth consecutive number one single from the Bad album. [PAR] By February 1988, the Bad album sales were at approximately 7 million copies and it was number one in 21 different countries. [PAR] After a short break"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who's Really the Father of Michael Jackson's Kids? | E! News Who's Really the Father of Michael Jackson's Kids? | E! News [PAR] Who's Really the Father of Michael Jackson's Kids? [PAR] By [PAR] Email [PAR] Davidson/GoffINF.com [PAR] Is it true that Michael Jackson wasn't the dad of some of his kids? If they aren't related to him at all, how can Michael's mom get custody of them? [PAR] \u2014Capon [PAR] It's been assumed for years that Prince Michael and Paris are not biologically related to the late star\u2014reports have been floating around since at least 2004, when newspapers worldwide picked up on a tabloid report citing court papers filed by Jackson's ex-wife Debbie Rowe. [PAR] The new rumor surfacing, of course, is that the mystery dad now allegedly has a name, face and profession. Us Weekly magazine is claiming he is Arnold Klein, the dermatologist who treated Jackson's reported skin disorder. [PAR] If these reports are true, what might that eventually mean when it comes to custody of Prince and Paris? Well... [PAR] ...probably not much. [PAR] The kids are 11 and 12 now, Jackson's mother Katherine has filed for custodianship, and Klein\u2014assuming he is the dad\u2014hasn't said a word publicly. [PAR] (Access Hollywood spoke with Klein's publicist, who would only say that the doctor has been a friend of Jackson's for two decades. More interestingly, the flack says Klein's attorney will not let him speak until the coroner's report on M.J.'s death comes out.) [PAR] Reports are now claiming that Klein and Rowe were \" surrogates \" in producing the kids\u2014an arrangement that usually includes ceding of custody as standard operating procedure. [PAR] Also, courts are generally not keen on separating children from siblings. Let's not forget that there's also Prince Michael II aka Blanket, a third child, age 7, and that all three kids have been together since he was born. (Mystery surrounds Blanket, too, and the mother has never been revealed, even on the birth certificate .) [PAR] If anyone other than Katherine has a shot at custody of Prince and Paris, it's Rowe. Some reports are indicating that she might not even be the biological mother of Prince or Paris, but she does have some parental rights. (Rowe's lawyer told Radar today that this rumor is \"entirely false.\") For more on that, see my previous story on the possible fate of the Jackson children. [PAR] Follow me on Twitter @answerbitch [PAR] Brazil [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our US edition? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our Canadian edition? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our UK edition? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our Australian edition? [PAR] E! ist \u00fcberall [PAR] Dieser Inhalt ist f\u00fcr internationale Besucher verf\u00fcgbar. M\u00f6chtest du ihn in der deutschen Version anschauen? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our German edition? [PAR] E! est partout [PAR] Une version adapt\u00e9e de ce contenu est disponible pour notre public international. Souhaitez-vous voir \u00e7a dans notre \u00e9dition fran\u00e7aise ? [PAR] E! Is Everywhere [PAR] This content is available customized for our international audience. Would you like to view this in our French edition? [PAR] Yes![DOC]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Me, Myself And I | Interactive Media Blog Me, Myself And I | Interactive Media Blog [PAR] Interactive Media Blog [PAR] Me, Myself And I [PAR] Abstract Expressionism [PAR] Around World War II \u201dAbstract Expressionism\u201d this was the first biggest movement that influenced the world that grew from new york city. The style of the movement is expressed through a canvas of paint shown with emotional intensity, such as Jack Pollocks work he uses the drip paint technique where he lays his canvas on the and puts different sorts of materials onto the canvas. Pollocks work spoke another language to his audience who saw his work different to other artist. Pollock portrayed \u201dbody language\u201d. [PAR] The name of the (Abstract movement) became real popular around the 1940s many up coming artist developed and evolved their own style expressing their way of understanding of abstract art. This occurred around World War II, poets, artist and writers fled to Europe more importantly the United States (New York ), this was the era of great Abstract Art. [PAR] Action Painting [PAR] Grew around the 1960s, the technique for action painting is sharp and has a lot of movement on the canvas. Action painting was under the abstract movement many artist like Franz Kline, Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning tried to portray something different to the viewers, but most of them were confused and sympathetic towards their work, so many of these artist polluted in New York and had different backgrounds and styles to their work. Pollocks and Franze Kilnes work focused on less imagery on their paintings, they came across the name \u201dAction painter\u201d. This changed Art itself, that it can convey in a different way communicating to one another, expressing emotion. Mostly these artist will show a strong personal feeling towards their work or their experiences in day to day life. [PAR] Color Field Painting [PAR] Is also a style of abstract that developed around in New York City around the 1940s and 50s, the style of color field painting is usually made with large blocks of solid flat paint also expressing emotion in less action on the canvas and movement. Color field painting emerged all around Europe from GB, Canada, Washington DC and West Coast Of United States. Mostly young artist started to join this movement, so many artist made many more painting testing new colors experimenting with canvases. Color Field painting related to Abstract painting because they had the same persona in emotion conveying it towards viewers through their art work, Rothko\u2019s Art work accomplished these emotions and not the only difference is that the artist had different handling to each other and you could see that in their paintings. The Big names to Color Field painting are \u2018Mark Rothko\u2019,Kenneth Noland, Barnett Newman who made a stand to the abstract world. [PAR] Rothko\u2019s work portrayed the basic simple human emotions, color field painting pointed a new direction towards American art and abstract expressionism to the world. This lead to people to there work standing out to other artist, Rothko\u2019s work amazed and shocked critiques because of the fact that his work was so and is today is so powerful to the human brain and the human eye. [PAR] Mark Rothko [PAR] Was born September 25, 1903 \u2013 February 25, 1970, Rothko was an Russian-American who was brought up in a Jewish home. At the 1920s Rothko started to look for work in New York and started looking at art as one of his ambitions in life, he enrolled for an art school this gave Rothko a clear view"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Batfink (series) | Batfink wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Batfink (series) | Batfink wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The cartoon was produced at Hal Seeger Studios, in New York City, and at Bill Ackerman Productions in Midland Park, New Jersey. It was syndicated by Screen Gems and continued to air on local stations throughout the 1980s. Nickelodeon briefly aired episodes of Batfink on its Weinerville and Nick in the Afternoon series in the 1990s. In September 2006, it returned to the U.S. as part of \"Cartoons Without a Clue\", Boomerang's mystery lineup on weekends. [PAR] The Batfink series was very popular in the UK, becoming a cult series like the later DangerMouse, and from 1967 onwards was shown at least once every year on UK terrestrial television up until 1983, initially on the BBC network where it was allocated an early evening slot just before the BBC News started, and latterly as part of Children's ITV; it subsequently reappeared in 1986 on the ITV Saturday morning magazine show Get Fresh. In the early 1990s it was repeated again as part of TV-am's Wide Awake Club/Wacaday series; after Wacaday finished in 1992, Batfink was consigned to the vaults in the UK for the next twelve years. It was introduced to a new audience in 2004 when it was included in a number of episodes of the BBC's Saturday morning show Dick and Dom in da Bungalow, and since April 2006 has been enjoying an extended, if somewhat irregular, repeat run on CBBC. [PAR] Batfink was made quickly and cheaply by re-using many common scenes to the series, instead of having to re-animate almost identical scenes for each episode. Although most serial animations do this to some extent, Batfink did it more than most. Commonly repeated scenes include the intro to the initial briefings by the Chief (the TV screen hotline buzzing into life), Batfink and Karate getting into the Battillac, the Battillac going round mountain bends, the Battillac going over a bridge, Batfink's radar and others. [PAR] Some scenes were reused every episode, some appeared sporadically and some were only repeated once or twice out during the entire series. Often, a scene would be used in more than one scenario, e.g. the Battillac going over a bridge on their way to get to a crime would also be reused during a chase scene or when they are looking all over the country for a specific item or person. Sometimes the repeated scenes would be cut short so that only sections of them could be re-used to fit the storyline more closely. [PAR] Characters [PAR] Batfink was an American Animated series series whose episodes lasted for five minutes each, with the series running for a grand total of one hundred episodes from the 21 April 1966 \u2013 4th October 1967. [PAR] Plot devices [PAR] Batfink had at his disposal two main superpowers: his super-sonic sonar radar and his metallic wings. At least one of these would feature in every episode in order to help him catch the bad guy. [PAR] Super-sonic sonar radar [PAR] Edit [PAR] Batfink's super-sonic sonar radar played upon him being a bat. Bats use echolocation to detect their prey and home in on it. Batfink's radar was the superpower version of this and usually took the form of the letters \"BEEP\" (sometimes \"BEEP BEEP\") emanating from his mouth and then flying wherever he needed them to go, accompanied by a distinctive beeping noise. [PAR] \"My super-sonic sonar radar will help me!\" [PAR] The \"BEEP\"s acted as people: they were able to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phil Collins Wins Oscar For Best Original Song - MTV Phil Collins Wins Oscar For Best Original Song - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] archive-Eric-Schumacher-Rasmussen [PAR] 03/27/2000 [PAR] Between indie pop singer Aimee Mann's \"Save Me\" and the raunchy \"Blame Canada,\" from the soundtrack to \"South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut,\" the Oscars had at least two chances to break with tradition. In the end, though, Phil Collins' ballad \"You'll Be in My Heart,\" from the Disney film \"Tarzan,\" took home the Academy Award for Best Original Song on Sunday night in Los Angeles. [PAR] Collins, a successful solo artist during and since his tenure in the art-rock band Genesis, accepted the award for the song ( RealAudio excerpt ) with a mixture of irreverence and respect. \"Now my life can go on,\" he said sarcastically. \"It's been hell, I tell you.\" [PAR] But, he said before thanking his family, \"I didn't think it would be this hard. You don't know what this means to my kids.\" Collins was nominated previously in the Best Original Song category for \"Two Hearts\" (1988, from the film \"Buster\") and \"Against All Odds\" (1984, from the film of the same name). [PAR] Cher (born Cherilyn LaPier), whose song \"Believe\" was a 1999 radio hit, wore a long, black garment that she tripped over on the way to the microphone to announce the Best Song winner. \"As you can see, I'm dressed like a grownup tonight,\" she said, in reference to her usual flamboyant and revealing dresses. \"I apologize to the academy and promise I'll never do it again.\" [PAR] Unlike previous years, when songs were performed throughout the course of the awards show, this year's nominees sang the songs in a medley introduced by R&B singer/actress Vanessa Williams and rapper/actor LL Cool J (born James Todd Smith). [PAR] Musical Variety Show [PAR] The segment began with Lilith Fair founder Sarah McLachlan singing \"When She Loved Me,\" from the \"Toy Story 2\" soundtrack. Wearing a midnight-blue, textured taffeta gown, McLachlan delivered her breathy vocals accompanied by the song's writer, Randy Newman, on grand piano. The Oscar nomination was Newman's 13th. [PAR] Wearing a white silk cowboy shirt and a Native American-influenced beaded choker, Mann followed with a five-piece band accompanying her on \"Save Me\" ( RealAudio excerpt ), from the Paul Thomas Anderson film \"Magnolia.\" [PAR] Dressed in a gray suit and black shirt, Collins sang \"You'll Be in My Heart\" backed by piano, acoustic guitar and strings from the orchestra pit. Songwriter Burt Bacharach and bassist/producer Don Was led the orchestra and were the evening's music directors. [PAR] Sitting on steps, 'N Sync began singing \"Music of My Heart,\" from the Meryl Streep film of the same name. After the ballad's first verse, the steps split in two, revealing pop singer Gloria Estefan wearing a white strapless evening gown. [PAR] The medley's finale featured the much-anticipated \"Blame Canada\" ( RealAudio excerpt ), an obscenity-laden number that gave the Academy fits trying to determine how to present it on national television. Actor Robin Williams began with black duct tape over his mouth, which he then pulled off and shouted, \"Oh my God, they killed Kenny!\" a recurring line in the \"South Park\" movie and television series. [PAR] Williams sang lines that included the words \"fart\" and \"that bitch Anne Murray\" (a reference to the Canadian-born singer of the 1970s hits \"Snowbird,\" \"Danny's Song\" and \"You Needed Me\"), but he left out some of the song's more offensive lyrics. The medley ended with a cast of dancers dressed in costumes similar to those of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Little Mermaid - Disney Wiki - Wikia The Little Mermaid | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Plot [PAR] The film begins on a foggy morning out on the open sea. A ship then comes from the fog, filled with sailors singing stories of the legendary merfolk. (\" Fathoms Below \") Aboard that ship is a young prince, named Eric , his dog Max , and his advisor Grimsby . Grimsby denounces the merfolk as, \"nautical nonsense\", but one sailor insists them to be real. While distracted by Grimsby, a fish the sailor was holding slips from him and falls into the ocean. [PAR] The fish breathes a sigh of relief before swimming away from the ship. The opening credits play as the fish crosses the deep ocean, until at last, we see merfolk. The merfolk then make their way through the ocean towards a shining underwater castle. The castle is the domain of King Triton and is where he was holding a concert in his name, performed by his seven daughters and the crab court composer, Sebastian . (\" Daughters of King Triton \") [PAR] The concert goes as planned until it is discovered that Triton's youngest daughter, Princess Ariel , is not there, much to his chagrin. In truth, Ariel was out excavating a ship graveyard with her best friend, Flounder the Fish. Inside one wreck, she finds a pipe and a fork, which fascinates her curiosity, all the while unaware of a shark watching her and Flounder from outside. [PAR] The shark bursts into the room Ariel and Flounder are in and gives chase to them, all across the graveyard, until the two manage to get the shark ensnared in an anchor ring. They then make their way to the surface, where their friend, a seagull named Scuttle, lives. Ariel asks Scuttle to tell her what the items she collected are. He describes the fork as a dinglehopper , an item humans use to style hair; and the pipe as a snarfblat, an object for making music. [PAR] Upon hearing the word, \"music\", Ariel is quickly reminded of the concert she missed and makes haste back home. However, Ariel fails to realize she is being watched by two suspicious eels by the names, Flotsam and Jetsam . The two were spies under the employ of Ursula The Sea Witch a former member of King Triton's court before being banished. Ursula hates Triton with a passion for his atrocities towards her, and constantly schemes of ways to exact revenge. The moment Ariel caught her eye, Ursula commands her cronies to watch her, hoping to use her to get to the King. [PAR] The film then moves to the royal palace, where Triton and Sebastian are scorning Ariel for missing the concert. But Flounder moves in to defend her, accidentally letting slip the encounter with Scuttle, which quickly angers Triton. The law of his kingdom forbids going to the surface world, for fears of merfolk being caught by humans. But Ariel believes humans not to be all that bad, which angers Triton to the point of sending Ariel away crying, with Flounder following after. [PAR] When they've left, Triton asks Sebastian if he was too hard on Ariel, to which Sebastian replies, \"definitely not\". Sebastian suggests that Ariel needs constant supervision, which gives Triton the idea to send Sebastian to keep an eye on her. Sebastian complies with the King's demands but feels dissatisfied with the idea of, \"tagging along some headstrong teenager.\" However, Sebastian's thoughts are interrupted when he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Simba - The Lion King - Wikia Simba | The Lion King Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014Simba to Zazu [PAR] \u201d [PAR] As a cub, Simba is curious, adventurous, and almost foolishly brave, always sniffing for something fun to do. Energetic and rambunctious, he can make even the scariest of places into an adventure, with much bravery on hand, evident in the way he confidently stands up to predators and defends his friends even in the face of death. However, unlike his father Mufasa, Simba is less careful about his bravery, throwing himself in harm's way for no good reason. Still young, he is foolishly brave and too arrogant for his own good, nearly getting himself and his friend Nala killed. [PAR] Simba as a cub; cheeky, curious, and mischievous in nature [PAR] Thinking himself strong and capable, Simba has an ego the size of the Serengeti. He is known to claim Nala's ideas as his own and loves to show off his status to the other animals of the Pride Lands, often overstepping his authority in doing so. He basks in the prospect of becoming king and readily looks forward to the day when he can order around his subjects. In this way, he is somewhat stuck-up and pompous. [PAR] Despite this, Simba is good at heart and longs to become the wise king that his father is. The cub glorifies Mufasa, wanting to be just like him when he grows up, and suffers much grief whenever he disappoints him. When his father dies, Simba suffers severe emotional trauma, thinking the death to be his fault. Following Mufasa's fall, Simba becomes somewhat withdrawn and depressed, no longer putting value in his own life. It takes the efforts of Timon and Pumbaa to make Simba forget his past and move on with life. [PAR] As an adolescent, Simba picks up a happy, carefree lifestyle, thinking nothing of his responsibilities back home. In addition, Simba's vocabulary changes drastically (as he now says \"Father\" instead of \"Dad\", and \"Scar\" instead of \"Uncle Scar\"). In the jungle , he develops somewhat grotesque habits, burping and eating bugs alongside his lazy companions. No longer the respected prince of the Pride Lands, Simba becomes sedentary and stubbornly refuting of his past life. Having been tainted in mind by his well-meaning friends, Simba no longer sees the need to help others and would rather lock himself away in bliss than face reality. [PAR] However, this changes when he grows into a young adult, with his childhood friend Nala reminding him of his responsibilities back home. When faced with his dark past, Simba is prone to reacting defensively, losing his mostly well-controlled temper in bouts of fury. [PAR] A young adult Simba, now accountable and strong-willed [PAR] This stems from his sensitivity toward his past, as he thinks himself to be the cause of so much pain and turmoil. Ridden by guilt, Simba will do anything to blame his troubles on someone else, though he ultimately does face the truth, admitting to himself that he is the cause of his own inner grief. [PAR] Despite his guilt-ridden conscience, Simba is forced into maturity when he has to face his past, holding himself accountable to the land he once swore to defend. Once accepting of his duties, he becomes a new character, stronger in will than before. Unlike the old Simba, who would rather avoid an argument, this new Simba does not tolerate being bullied and refuses to stand for abuse, being particularly defensive of his mother. When challenged, Simba becomes rough around"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gay Characters on Children\u2019s TV, from Bert to SpongeBob ... Gay Characters on Children\u2019s TV, from Bert to SpongeBob - The Daily Beast [PAR] 11.02.10 11:41 PM ET [PAR] Bert: Tweeting Out of the Closet [PAR] Sesame Street\u2019s Bert and Ernie are just friends and bickering bedmates. But people have speculated for years that the puppets may be gay, and now 900 people have signed a petition on Change.org for the old friends to marry. \u201cWe are not asking for Sesame Street to do something crude and disrespectful,\u201d the petition says. \u201cLet us teach tolerance of those that are different.\u201d Many interpreted Bert\u2019s use of the word \u201cmo\u201d in a tweet back in June as a subtle nod to the homosexual community. But the non-profit Sesame Workshop insisted in a statement to Fox News that Bert and Ernie\u2019s relationship is platonic. \u201cThey were created to teach preschoolers that people can be good friends with those who are very different from themselves,\u201d the statement read, adding that the Sesame Street Muppets \u201chave no sexual orientation.\u201d [PAR] Tinky Winky: The Purse Controversy [PAR] Don\u2019t be fooled by the baby-faced sun and green hills in the Teletubbies. In 1999, Evangelical pastor Jerry Falwell accused the character Tinky Winky of being a closeted homosexual and therefore a \u201cmoral menace.\u201d Falwell\u2019s foolproof reasoning: Tinky Winky is purple with triangular antennae, both of which allegedly signal gay pride. Tinky Winky carried what the BBC called a \u201cmagic bag\u201d\u2014or something identical to a ladies\u2019 red purse. The official statement from Itsy-Bitsy Entertainment is that Tinky Winky is neither gay nor straight. Dipsy, Laa-Laa, and Po have never commented on the issue. [PAR] SpongeBob SquarePants: \u2018Erotic Intensity\u2019 in Bikini Bottom [PAR] SpongeBob SquarePants should breathe a sigh of relief that anti-gay marriage legislation is not enforced over the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. At least that\u2019s what an evangelical group thought in 2005, after SpongeBob appeared in a video promoting tolerance for different \u201csexual identities\u201d . Critics argue that SpongeBob has never considered his friend Sandy the squirrel from Texas or any aquatic female a love interest, yet he spends an exorbitant amount of time with his starfish pal Patrick. Author Jeffrey P. Dennis has suggested a potential \u201cerotic intensity\u201d between the two, but SpongeBob and Patrick have only held hands. The show\u2019s creator has said the character, like a real sponge, is probably asexual. [PAR] Peppermint Patty: Sir, Are You a Lesbian? [PAR] While there\u2019s no official documentation that any of the Peanuts characters are gay, Peppermint Patty\u2019s failure to woo Charlie Brown has sparked rumors about her sexuality. The freckled tomboy is known for spending most of her time with \u201cChuck\u201d playing sports, or her best friend Marcie (their relationship was mocked on Family Guy . Chris Rock has outed Patty as a lesbian, and it was reported in 2005 that Chief Justice John Roberts played her in an all-boys production of You\u2019re a Good Man, Chalie Brown. Internet chatter suggests that Charles Schulz\u2019s friendship with openly gay tennis star Billie Jean King influenced Patty. [PAR] Vanity Smurf: Mirrors and Flowers [PAR] With the exception of Smurfette, the Smurfs are all short blue males in clean white pants and conical hats who choose skipping as their main mode of transportation. Despite his signature Smurf good vibes, Vanity Smurf, however, has been included on many lists of ambiguously gay television characters. Interestingly, Vanity does wear a flower on his hat and is always carrying a mirror. Perez Hilton and Donnie Darko have had fun with this idea. But maybe Donnie\u2019s right when he philosophizes about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Paddington Bear Party and Marmalade Sandwich Cookies Cupcakes & Couscous: A Paddington Bear Party and Marmalade Sandwich Cookies [PAR] Thursday, 27 February 2014 [PAR] A Paddington Bear Party and Marmalade Sandwich Cookies [PAR] I am no stranger to long stints in the kitchen, but as I write this I feel as though I am still recovering from the cooking marathon that happened this past weekend. It was all for a very special reason though, as I was preparing for my daughters 2nd birthday party! [PAR] We wanted to choose something (or in this case someone) that she really loves as the party theme, and this year it was a no-brainer - the furry little bear from Peru whose adventures we read every evening at bedtime, Paddington Bear. [PAR] On Sunday afternoon, 15 of my daughter's friends and their parents arrived at our home to celebrate. As seems to be the (unfortunate) tradition whenever we are entertaining in the garden the wind was howling, but we managed to secure the gazebo, tie up the bunting and lock down the balloons before everyone arrived at 3pm. The afternoon felt like it flew by in a flurry of activity, but judging by all the emails I received the following day everyone had a good time, and most importantly of all so did the birthday girl. [PAR] I have been asked in the past for my favourite sugar cookie recipe, and this is it. This recipe is from Nigella Lawson's \"How to be a Domestic Goddess\" and apart from reducing the salt and using my own butter icing recipe this recipe is the same as the original. The dough keeps its shape beautifully during baking, and can be rolled and re-rolled several times. It can also be frozen, and of course - it tastes fantastic! I chose to include sugar cookies on the party menu - shaped as little slices of bread sandwiched together with orange butter icing. Because what would a Paddington party be without his favourite snack, marmalade sandwiches? [PAR] Cook's note - this biscuit dough is extremely versatile. I also decorated small paw shaped cookies with chocolate chips and fondant icing for the party. In the past I have also flavoured the dough with a teaspoon of cinnamon. You can drizzle them with ordinary glace icing or simply bake and enjoy as is with a dusting of icing sugar to serve. All of these ideas work well! (Ask me how I know.) [PAR] I also have to give a special mention to the very talented Madelyn from \"Once Upon A Birthday\" who created the amazing Paddington Bear figurine and marmalade pot that you see on top of the cake. To see more examples of her amazing work please visit her Facebook page by clicking here . Thanks Madelyn! [PAR] _________________________[DOC] [TLE] Paddington Bear's favourite safe as ... - Daily Mail Online Paddington Bear's favourite safe as home cooks help preserve marmalade's future | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] As a staple of British cuisine, news of a massive fall in marmalade sales was greeted with horror this month. [PAR] Though it\u2019s been a key ingredient in British breakfasts for over 200 hundred years \u2013 as well as the filling in Paddington Bear\u2019s sandwich of choice \u2013 it emerged that the UK ate 2.5 million fewer jars of marmalade in 2010 than the year before. [PAR] However, traditionalists\u2019 fears that the citrus preserve was losing out to chocolate spread and peanut butter can be allayed as more Britons are choosing to produce their own marmalade. [PAR] Breakfast of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bagpuss: the saggy cloth cat - Telegraph Bagpuss: the saggy cloth cat - Telegraph [PAR] Bagpuss: the saggy cloth cat [PAR] Bagpuss is a 1970s children's television character which endeared itself to a generation through its gentle stories. [PAR] Bagpuss himself was described in each episode as 'an old, saggy cloth cat, baggy, and a bit loose at the seams' Photo: BBC [PAR] Follow [PAR] Each programme began with sepia tones in which a little girl would place broken objects in front of a pink and white toy cat - Bagpuss - which was in the front window of a shop. [PAR] When the girl left, the animated - more specifically stop-motion - programme changed to colour and the toys all came to life. [PAR] Other characters included the mice (with memorably high-pitched voices), a doll called Madeleine and the woodpecker bookend Professor Yaffle, which was based on the philosopher Bertrand Russell. [PAR] Bagpuss himself was described in each episode as \"an old, saggy cloth cat, baggy, and a bit loose at the seams\". [PAR] After a bit of preamble, the toys would discuss the new objects, there would be a story narrated about it and then a song accompanied by a jangly stringed instrument. During this process the broken object would be mended and put back in the window for its, presumably delighted, owner to collect. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] a saggy, old cloth cat, baggy, and a bit loose at the ... a saggy, old cloth cat, baggy, and a bit loose at the seams... by Andy Wallis \u00b7 365 Project [PAR] @tabbycat Today's effort - definitely from my own childhood this time! :) [PAR] posted May 26th, 2016 [PAR] Tabbycat [PAR] Haha! Ur not as old as that processing!! LOL! [PAR] He's cute though! ....and a Smurf! That's my childhood too! My sister and I had the biggest Smurf collection \ud83d\ude00 [PAR] posted May 26th, 2016 [PAR] @tabbycat lol! Not quite that old, no, but that was how they did the Bagpuss intro, so... [PAR] Oh, yes, have a bucketful of smurfs from my childhood - used to build entire villages!! :D [PAR] posted May 26th, 2016 [PAR] Bagpuss??? Sounds most intriguing!! LOL! Off to Google! [PAR] posted May 26th, 2016 [PAR] Ah, Bagpuss was great. Er...when I was a kid, at least! lol! [PAR] posted May 26th, 2016 [PAR] Yeah album cover was a tough one! Which were ur faves that didn't make it? [PAR] posted May 26th, 2016 [PAR] @tabbycat Mine! Lol! [PAR] I think Lesley's Black Mambas FC was the other one I would have gone for (other than yours, which aren't allowed), but they were *all* so good. [PAR] posted May 27th, 2016 [PAR] Oh yeah...that one is funny...I also really liked Larry L's Let Moderation Be Your Guide and the Peter Gibbons album... [PAR] posted May 27th, 2016 [PAR] Liz Hammond ace [PAR] Hi Andy, we are paired for get pushed again. Sorry for the delay but I have been out of internet range most of this weekend, so have only just had the chance to take a look through your work again. [PAR] Plan was to set you the challenge of a moon-lit shot (as opposed to a shot of the moon) but just looking at the phases of the moon this week, the moon rise/set times, not to mention the weather, that might be very tricky. So if you are still up for that considerable challenge, do have a go but if that doesn't work out how about trying a deliberately unfocused shot? [PAR] posted May 30th, 2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cartoons from the 1980s @all80s.co.uk Cartoons from the 1980s @all80s.co.uk [PAR] A [PAR] [PAR] Around the World with Willy Fog (Original Spanish title La Vuelta al Mundo de Willy Fog) is a cartoon version of Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne in the same vein as Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds, and like that series produced by BRB Internacional. The characters are anthropomorphisms of various animals, Willy Fog (Phileas Fogg in the original book by Jules Verne) himself being a lion and Romy (Aouda) and Rigadon (Passepartout) being cats. The series was broadcast on TV Asahi in Japan in 1987, with episodes 14, 18, 21 and 22 deleted from the Japanese series run. The title of the series in Japanese is Dobutsu 80 Nichikan Sekai Icho (\"Animals Around the World in 80 Days\")... more here [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Bananaman is a British comic book fictional character. He originally appeared in Nutty as the backpage strip in Issue 1, dated 16 February 1980. Becoming the comic's most popular strip, Banaman was promoted to a three-page colour strip on Nutty's front and middle pages, and subsequently a two-page colour strip when Nutty merged with The Dandy comic in 1985. The strip has appeared intermittently since, and is running as of 2005, now a three/four page colour strip drawn by Steve Bright (and before that Tom Paterson and Barry Applesby)...more here [PAR] [PAR] Button Moon was a popular children's television programme broadcast in the United Kingdom in the 1980s on the ITV Network. Thames Television produced each episode which lasted ten minutes and featured the adventures of Mr. Spoon who, in each episode, would travel to Button Moon in his homemade rocket-ship. Once on Button Moon (which hung in \"blanket sky\") they would have an adventure, and look through Mr. Spoon's telescope at someone else such as the Hare and the Tortoise, before heading back to their home planet 'Junk Planet'. Episodes would also include Mr. Spoon's wife, \"Mrs. Spoon\", their daughter, \"Tina Tea-Spoon\" and her friend \"Eggbert\". The series ended in 1988 after 91 episodes...more here [PAR] [PAR] C [PAR] The Care Bears are a set of characters created by American Greetings in 1981 for use on greeting cards. The original artwork for the cards was painted by artist Elena Kucharik. In 1983, Kenner took the characters and made the first in a line of very successful teddy bears based on the Care Bears. Each Care Bear comes in a different color and with a specialised insignia on its belly: for example, \"Bedtime Bear\" is pastel blue and sports a sleepy-looking anthropomorphised crescent moon, and \"Cheer Bear\" is pink with a rainbow insignia. A spin-off collection, called the Care Bear Cousins, feature stuffed monkeys, lions, and other such animals in the same style as the teddy bears...more here [PAR] [PAR] Charlie Chalk was a Stop Motion animation produced in the 1980s in the UK by Woodland Productions, the creators of Postman Pat and other children's television programmes. It tells the story of Charlie Chalk - a jolly clown who, after falling asleep whilst fishing out at sea, ends up on a strange island by the name of Merrytwit (as explained in the title sequence before each episode)...more here [PAR] The Mysterious Cities of Gold (Japanese: \u592a\u967d\u306e\u5b50\u30a8\u30b9\u30c6\u30d0\u30f3; Taiy\u014d no Ko Esteban , French: Les Myst\u00e9rieuses Cit\u00e9s d'Or) is an animated television series produced by Studio Pierrot. It was a French/Japanese co-production which originally aired in Japan on NHK (the national public broadcaster) in 1982, and in France and Belgium in 1983 on Antenne 2. It was also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Absorbascon: My wings are like a shield of steel! The Absorbascon: My wings are like a shield of steel! [PAR] Saturday, August 27, 2005 [PAR] My wings are like a shield of steel! [PAR] Apparently, not everyone knows who Batfink is. Fortunately, the Absorbascon exists to correct just this kind of cultural injustice. For those not yet in the know, let me add Batfink to your geek-repertoire. [PAR] Within mere months of the premiere of the Batman television series in 1966, the Hal Seeger Studio produced \"Batfink\" , a series of short cartoons parodying the runaway hit show. Batfink had a large but ineffective sidekick/chaffeur named \"Karate\" (a snipe at the Green Hornet's Kato). They rode around in their Batillac (I mean, obviously!). Their chief recurring foe was the mad scientist Hugo A-Go-Go; if the Joker and Lex Luthor had a love-child, that child would be Hugo A-Go-Go. [PAR] Batfink had two principal powers (other than superstrength and, you know, flying), and a catch phrase for each one when he used it... [PAR] 1. His wings were indestructible/made of steel (whichever the plot required), and when he used them he usually said: [PAR] \"Your bullets [or whatever the threat was] cannot harm me; [PAR] my wings are like a shield of steel!\" [PAR] 2. He also could emit a bat-radar sound in order to find things, whereupon he would invariably say: [PAR] \"My supersonic sonar-radar will help me!\" [PAR] The supersonic sonar-radar was represented by a large white-lettered BEEP that seemed at times to have a life and intelligence at its own. You'd have to see it to believe it. [PAR] These are two phrases of extraordinary power and utility in geekspeak. The first can be used on any occasion when an attack against you fails, whether it be verbal, conceptual, physical, or metaphysical. It's [PAR] great for Heroclix games. The second comes in handy when, in the process of struggling with some problem or puzzle, you suddenly think of something that will help you do it. Finding the right internet resource, running a computer diagnostic program, picking up a flyswatter -- those kinds of things. I have soundclips of both sayings, but, sadly, I don't know how to make them accessible to you. [PAR] Parodying a parody is not easy, but Batfink did . It also had a marvelous theme song (a simple but memorable trumpet piece). What's more, there were more episodes of Batfink than there were of Batman! Exactly 100 truly lunatic episodes , culminating in a final, retrospective episode, \"Batfink, This is Your Life!\" [PAR] When I was a lad, Batfink was on the air at odds times, like Sunday afternoon, or early, early, early in the morning. But the episodes went out of distribution in the 1980s, so many younger folk have never seen any Batfink. Fortunately, all 100 episodes are available on DVD; unfortunately, they are only available in the UK and Australia (don't ask why). [PAR] Be forewarned; there is a reason a Batfink cartoon is only 5 minutes long. The animation is abominable and the best parody is a SHORT parody. Do NOT sit down and watch the whole DVD. Instead, every time you watch an episode of JLU or The Batman, watch a Batfink episode before or after. [PAR] That, you will enjoy.[DOC] [TLE] \u201cMy wings are like a shield of steel \u2026.\u201d Batfink, buts ... Three dead moths in my mailbox : \u201cMy wings are like a shield of steel \u2026.\u201d Batfink, buts, and the inner excusinator [PAR] \u201cMy wings are like a shield of steel \u2026.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. Which football team has the nickname of the Bluebirds ... 1. Which football team has the nickname of the Bluebirds? - Dawn Collinson - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. Which football team has the nickname of the Bluebirds? [PAR] 2. With which sport would you associate Nick Skelton? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. With which sport would you associate Nick Skelton? [PAR] 3. How many faults does a competitor get if they knock a fence down in showjumping? [PAR] 4. Which football team has the nickname of the Blades? [PAR] 5. Barwick Green is the name of the title music to which show? [PAR] 6. Which island near Hong Kong is famous for gambling and motor racing? [PAR] 7. If you walked one mile south, one mile west, and then one mile north, and ended up where you started, where would you be? [PAR] 8. In Stingray, what were the character names of the two female puppets? [PAR] 9. In the board game Cluedo, whose murder has to be solved? [PAR] 10. Who were the two voice artists of the cartoon characters Dangermouse and his sidekick Penfold? [PAR] ANSWERS: 1. Cardiff City; 2. Show Jumping; 3. Four; 4. Sheffield United; 5. The Archers; 6. Macau; 7. The North Pole; 8. Marina and Atlanta; 9. Dr Black\u2019s; 10. David Jason and Terry Scott [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Classic Cartoons - SuperTed - HubPages Classic Cartoons - SuperTed [PAR] Classic Cartoons - SuperTed [PAR] Updated on December 18, 2013 [PAR] SuperTed - Classic Cartoons [PAR] There was this cartoon that i always tried to remember the name of. Since i used to watch it regularly when it was on television every day after school, i forgot the name of the character but had a very vivid idea of what the cartoon was about. A teddy bear who had super powers, had a cape, could fly and always a hero. He also had a side kick, but i couldn't remember his name either. [PAR] Thinking over and over again for a while, i managed to suddenly, after a few years (yes, that long!), remebered the name! [PAR] Superted! [PAR] Boy, was i excited! I looked everywhere for Superted dvds, but but couldn't find them anywhere, so straight on to You Tube i went to catch an episode of one of my favourite superheroes of my younger days! Did i enjoy it? Of course i did! I won't forget him anymore, i know that for sure! [PAR] The beginning of the cartoon was gripping, especially when the narrator speaks about Superted being just an ordinary, but found to be defective in the factory he was made in, teddy bear. It goes something like this:- [PAR] \"This is a story about an ordinary teddy bear. When he was made, they found something wrong with him and threw him away like a piece of rubbish, into an old dark storeroom. Then, from outer space, a spotty man brought him to life with his cosmic dust. He took him to a magic cloud where Mother Nature gave him super powers. that bear became SUPERTED!\" [PAR] Superted And The Whales [PAR] This animated series has some really interesting history. [PAR] Mike Young created Superted in stories he told his stepson, and then ended up writing over 100 books based on the character. S4C, a Welsh television channel, approached Mike Young about an animated series. He and Robin Lyons created the charatcer as an animated series for television. [PAR] Superted is a Welsh animated cartoon series which won quite a few awards. It was first aired in 1982 in Wales in the Welsh language, and then shown throughout the United Kingdom on BBC1 in English. The series was also dubbed in Irish language for the Irish channel RTE. [PAR] The series, Superted, won numerous awards which included the 1987 BAFTA awards in United Kingdom for best animation. That's how popular the animated character series became! [PAR] Superted And The Whales [PAR] Superted's Super Powers [PAR] So where does Superted get his special powers from? Very simple. As i've already mentioned that he was given special powers by Mother Nature in the magic cloud, he was taught 'secret magic words'. Every time he or someone else was in peril, Superted would say his secret magic words, and would unwrap his red suit with the cape and yellow shoes which have rockets built in to them for super speed. He would then deal with his enemies and bring peace to the world. [PAR] Big Chinned Texas Pete [PAR] Superted's Evil Enemies [PAR] Yes, even a teddy bear like Superted, has enemies! His enemy is in the form of an American Cowboy called 'Texas Pete'. They are a gang of a total of three evil characters. Texas Pete (with his great big grey chin) has already been named, so there is also 'Bulk', who is 'sort of' a brainless overweight fool, and then there is 'Skeleton',"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Broadbent Vinho Verde - Wine.com Broadbent Vinho Verde [PAR] Broadbent Vinho Verde [PAR] Other White Blends from Portugal [PAR] white wine [PAR] Reviews (52) [PAR] Winemaker's Notes [PAR] Vinho Verde, the most popular white wine from Portugal, is a deliciously refressing, light wine. \"Verde\", meaning \"Green\" refers to the hints of lime color. It is an ideal warm weather wine, excellent for lunch and picnics, or an evening apertif. It makes a brilliant pairing with any fish, shellfish and poultry. [PAR] Blend: 50% Loureiro, 40% Trajadura, 10% Pedern\u00e3 [PAR] Broadbent Winery [PAR] Michael Broadbent is considered the world's most experienced taster of Madeira. He went to the island to select the best wines for the Broadbent Madeiras. This resulted in a collaboration with Justino Henriques, the most important producer of classical Madeira. Produced only from the finest grapes grown on the island, Broadbent Madeira's are made in strict accordance with the traditional methods. View all Broadbent Wines [PAR] About Portugal [PAR] Shop our top rated wine from Portugal [PAR] The country best known for Port , Madeira and corks is often overlooked when consumers think of red and white still wines \u2013 but take note! The table wines of the region have improved dramatically in the past few decades. The winemaking areas trickle down the country's narrow shape, bordered by the Atlantic on the west and Spain on the east. [PAR] Notable Facts [PAR] Furthest to the north lies the region Minho, which produces the slightly spritzy white wine, Vinho Verde. Translated, it means green wine, not because the wine is green, but because it is meant to be drunk in its youth. Vinho Verde is a light, refreshing wine, low in alcohol and with a slight spritz. It can be made with a number of grapes, but the best whites are made with Alvarinho (yep, same as Spain's Albarino). Red Vinho Verde exists too, but not on the export market. For other red table wines, the three most common regions are the Douro, Dao, Bairrada and Alentejo. [PAR] In the Douro, home of Port, red wines are made from a few grape varieties including the primary port grape, Touriga Nacional as well as Tinta Roriz ( Tempranillo ). Still red wines from the area are good quality and contain fruity, spicy notes. The Dao and Bairrida areas use Port grapes and the local tempranillo and make high quality, good value red wines. Bairrida also makes a few sparklers. Alentejo is a super big and super hot region in the south of Portugal making reds and whites. [PAR] About Portugal [PAR] Shop our top rated wine from Portugal [PAR] The country best known for Port , Madeira and corks is often overlooked when consumers think of red and white still wines \u2013 but take note! The table wines of the region have improved dramatically in the past few decades. The winemaking areas trickle down the country's narrow shape, bordered by the Atlantic on the west and Spain on the east. [PAR] Notable Facts [PAR] Furthest to the north lies the region Minho, which produces the slightly spritzy white wine, Vinho Verde. Translated, it means green wine, not because the wine is green, but because it is meant to be drunk in its youth. Vinho Verde is a light, refreshing wine, low in alcohol and with a slight spritz. It can be made with a number of grapes, but the best whites are made with Alvarinho (same as Spain's Albarino). Red Vinho Verde exists too, but not much on the export market. For other red table wines, the three"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Make Greek Coffee: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Make Greek Coffee: 12 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] Choosing the Right Equipment [PAR] 1 [PAR] Use Greek coffee beans. Greek coffee is different from other coffee in many ways, and it all starts with the beans. For Greek coffee, Arabica beans are lightly roasted and ground to a fine powder. The type of bean, the roast, and the grind all contribute to the unique flavor of Greek coffee. [PAR] Two of the most popular brands of Greek coffee are Loumidis and Bravo. [1] [PAR] Greek coffee does sometimes use dark-roasted beans, but a light roast is more common. [2] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Make the coffee in a briki. A briki is a special metal coffee pot that\u2019s used specifically to make Greek coffee in the traditional way. It\u2019s usually an hourglass- or cauldron-shaped metal pot with a long handle. Greek coffee is made right in the briki, which is warmed over a gas stove. [3] [PAR] You can heat a briki on an electric range as well, though Greek coffee is traditionally made on a gas stove or over an open flame. [PAR] If you want to make traditional Greek coffee but don\u2019t have a gas stove, you can use a small single-burner camp stove as well. [PAR] A briki comes in many different sizes, and you should use the correct size for the amount of coffee you're making. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Serve the coffee in a demitasse. A demitasse is a small cup used for serving small amounts of coffee or espresso. Each one holds between 2 and 3 ounces (59 and 89 ml). Greek coffee is traditionally served in a demitasse cup with an accompanying saucer. [4] [PAR] These small cups can be found in many kitchen stores, but you can also use espresso cups if you don\u2019t have demitasse cups. [PAR] Part 2 [PAR] Brewing the Coffee [PAR] 1 [PAR] Measure the water. The traditional way to measure water for Greek coffee is by using a demitasse cup to measure. Fill the demitasse with water, and then pour that water into the briki. [5] [PAR] By using the same cup you'll be serving coffee in, measuring with the demitasse ensures that you make exactly the right amount of coffee. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Add the coffee and sugar. For each cup of coffee you're making, measure in one heaping teaspoon of Greek coffee grounds. Unlike Turkish coffee, you don\u2019t add spices like cardamom to Greek coffee, but you can add sugar if you like. Depending on the level of sweetness you want, add: [6] [PAR] No sugar for plain, or sketos [PAR] \u00bd teaspoon (2.5 g) sugar for half-sweet, or me oligi [PAR] 1 teaspoon (5 g) of sugar for medium, or metrios [PAR] 2 teaspoons (10 g) of sugar for sweet, or glykys [PAR] 3 [PAR] Mix and heat the coffee. Swirl the coffee, sugar, and water together to combine all the ingredients in the briki. Turn the gas to medium and transfer the briki to the heat. [7] [PAR] As the coffee heats up, it will begin to bubble and foam as it simmers. Do not stir, swirl, or otherwise disturb the coffee at this point, or you will destroy the foam, which is an integral part of Greek coffee. [PAR] Don\u2019t let the coffee boil over either, or you'll lose the foam. [PAR] When the coffee nears the rim of the briki, remove it from the heat. [8] [PAR] 4 [PAR] Serve in the demitasse. When you take"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pistachio Nuts - California Rare Fruit Growers PISTACHIO Fruit Facts [PAR] Common Names: Pistachio, Pistache. [PAR] Related Species: Mt. Atlas Pistache (Pistacia atlantica), Chinese Pistache (P. chinesis), Terebinth Pistache (P. terebinthus) [PAR] Distant Affinity: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Mango (Mangifera indica), Ambarella (Spondias cytherea), Yellow Mombin (Spondias mombin), Red Mombin (Spondias purpurea), Imbu (Spondias tuberosa) and others. [PAR] Origin: The pistachio tree is native to western Asia and Asia Minor,from Syria to the Caucasus and Afghanistan. Archaeological evidence in Turkey indicate the nuts were being used for food as early as 7,000 B.C. The pistachio was introduced to Italy from Syria early in the first century A.D. Subsequently its cultivation spread to other Mediterranean countries. The tree was first introduced into the United States in 1854 by Charles Mason, who distributed seed for experimental plantings in California, Texas and some southern states. In 1875 a few small pistachio trees, imported from France were planted in Sonoma, Calif. In the early 1900's the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture assembled a collection of Pistacia species and pistachio nut varieties at the Plant Introduction Station in Chico, Calif. Commercial production of pistachio nuts began in the late 1970's and rapidly expanded to a major operation in the San Joaquin Valley. Other major pistachio producing areas are Iran and Turkey and to a lesser extent, Syria, India, Greece, Pakistan and elsewhere. [PAR] Adaptation: Pistachios thrive in areas which have winters cool enough to break bud dormancy and hot, long summers. They are drought resistant and very tolerant of high summer temperatures, but cannot tolerate excessive dampness and high humidity. The tree has about the same cold resistance as almonds and olives but flowers later in spring than almonds. Chill requirements are estimated at 600 to 1,500 hours. In this country the pistachio is best adapted to the hot, drier regions of California and the Southwest, especially California's central valley and southern California inland areas. Pistachio trees are not particularly suitable as container plants. [PAR] DESCRIPTION [PAR] Growth Habits: The pistachio is a broad, bushy, deciduous tree which grows slowly to a height and spread of 25 to 30 feet, with one or several trunks. The trees are inclined to spread and droop, and may initially need staking. Their open habit and attractive foliage make them valuable ornamentals. Under favorable conditions pistachio trees live and produce for centuries. [PAR] Foliage: The large, grayish leaves have 3 to 5 roundish, 2 to 4 inch-long leaflets. [PAR] Flowers: Pistachios are dioecious with male and female flowers on separate trees. Male and female trees must be present for fruit to set, or a branch from a male tree may be grafted on a female tree. The small, brownish green flowers are without petals and borne on axillary racemes or panicles in early summer. Wind carries the pollen from the male to the female flowers. [PAR] Fruit: The reddish, wrinkled fruits are borne in heavy clusters somewhat like grapes. Although known as a nut, the fruit of the pistachio is botanically a drupe, the edible portion of which is the seed. The oblong kernel is about 1 inch in length and 1/2 inch in diameter and protected by a thin, ivory-colored, bony shell. Normally the shells split longitudinally along their sutures when mature. Under unfavorable conditions during nut growth, the shells may not split open. The color of the kernel varies from yellowish through shades of green, which extends throughout the kernel. In general the deeper the shade of green, the more the nuts are esteemed. Pistachio nuts are rich in oil, with an average content of about 55%."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Irish whiskey, really? - Whisky Advocate What is Irish whiskey, really? - Whisky Advocate [PAR] Whisky Advocate [PAR] What is Irish whiskey, really? [PAR] March 12th, 2010 [PAR] Other than the fact that it is distilled in Ireland and aged for a minimum of three years in oak barrels, what is Irish whiskey? [PAR] Most of the time when you read in general media how Irish whiskey is defined, they will say that Irish whiskey is different from Scotch whisky in that it\u2019s not smoky like Scotch whisky. And, they\u2019ll say that Irish whiskey is distilled three times, while Scotch whisky is only distilled twice. (Many times they will continue this train of thought with the comment that, because Irish whiskey is distilled three times, it\u2019s smoother than Scotch whisky.) [PAR] If I had a dollar for every time I read these generalizations, I could afford to buy a couple bottles of Redbreast 12 year old. [PAR] But, as most of you know, these generalizations are not completely accurate. Most Scotch whisky is not smoky, and there are triple distilled whiskies in Scotland (e.g., Auchentoshan). [PAR] In Ireland, whiskeys distilled at Cooley are only distilled twice, and they make smoky whiskeys there too (Connemara). In fact, I have heard of the Cooley distillery referred to as \u201ca Scotch distillery that just happens to be located in Ireland.\u201d [PAR] Plus, I have enjoyed smooth Scotch whiskies, and tasted some harsh Irish whiskeys over the years. So, the whole \u201cIrish whiskey is smoother than Scotch whisky because it\u2019s distilled three times\u201d statement isn\u2019t exactly accurate either. [PAR] Some enthusiasts more \u201cin the know\u201d will point out that what differentiates Irish whiskey from Scotch whisky is that Irish whiskey is made (at least in part) with \u201cpot still\u201d whiskey (i.e. from a mash containing both malted AND unmalted barley), rather than Scotch whisky which uses a 100% malted barley mash bill in its pot stills. Some Irish whiskeys (e.g., Redbreast, Green Spot) are 100% pure pot still whiskeys. [PAR] It\u2019s true, if you look at the Irish whiskeys made at the Midleton distillery in County Cork (Jameson, Powers, Paddy, Tullamore Dew, Redbreast, Green Spot, etc.), there is a pot still component in these whiskeys. But, you won\u2019t find \u201cpot still\u201d whiskey in Bushmills or the whiskeys produced at Cooley. [PAR] So, what is Irish whiskey, really? [PAR] 48 Responses to \u201cWhat is Irish whiskey, really?\u201d [PAR] March 12, 2010 at 8:14 am [PAR] I think this hodge-podge of different styles is a symptom of why Irish whiskey is so overshadowed by Scotch. There is a very tight definition for what is Scotch whisky, and yet there is this incredible variety of available bottes. Irish whiskey is a bit of this and a bit of that, so there is no real uniqueness to it. [PAR] I\u2019m so pleased you posted about this, John. [PAR] I sometimes think the Irish whiskey sector is a little unsure themselves. [PAR] The anomalies abound. [PAR] For example, Midleton make pure potstill whiskey to the traditional mashbill, method and style. Cooley do not, but sometimes naughtily market their whiskey with that term anyway. And now other non-Irish distillers have latched onto the phrase and are bottling all sorts of things under that term. [PAR] To me, it\u2019s like seeing a distiller from Asia bottling a molasses-based blend and calling it single malt Scotch. It\u2019s wrong, and the term should be protected. [PAR] I think a little clarity and some rules akin to the legislation that entered law in Scotland last autumn would be great. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Food-Info.net : Where do onions come from Food-Info.net : Where do onions come from ? [PAR] Food-Info.net> Questions and Answers > Food products > Fruits and vegetables [PAR] Where do onions come from ? [PAR] The exact origin of the onion is unknown, although ancient texts dating back to 3000 B.C. reveal that it was first grown in parts of Asia . Around this period it was also grown in China and later also in India . From there it must have been taken to Greece and Egypt, because it appears frequently in decorations and hieroglyphics in the pyramids. Onions were also used by the Greeks and the Romans. [PAR] As a member of the Allium family, which also includes garlic and leek, the Greeks grew the onion in the vegetable garden. One section of the Athenian market was even called \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdta skoroda\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd which means \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe garlic\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and this indicates that the trade in Allium -species belonged to everyday life. [PAR] When the Romans introduced the onion in Europe it quickly became a popular vegetable. This emerges, among other things, from the brisk trade on the London market in the thirteenth century, where even imported onions were sold. From that moment onwards the onions gained ground, both inside and outside Europe. [PAR] Despite protracted social and religious taboos through the centuries, the onion has gradually regained respectability. In America, for example, the immigration of the Greeks, Italians and Spanish had a great influence. In their cultures the onion was indeed extremely popular. [PAR] Onions are now grown worldwide in many varieties, sizes and flavours and they have gained a permanent place in our present-day kitchen, both raw and cooked. [PAR] Source : http://www.ui.nl"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Only Fools and Horses (Series) - TV Tropes Only Fools and Horses (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] Only Fools and Horses [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Series / Only Fools and Horses [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] \"Stick a pony in me pocket, [PAR] I'll fetch the suitcase from the van. [PAR] 'Cause if you want the best 'uns, but you don't ask questions then, [PAR] Brother, I'm your man!\" [PAR] British Sitcom running from 1981\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1991, with a series of Christmas Specials until 2003. The series followed the adventures of the Trotter family, who lived in a council flat in Nelson Mandela House, a tower block in Peckham, London, but aimed to become millionaires. They drove a yellow Reliant Regal van (frequently erroneously referred to as a Reliant Robin) and often frequented their local pub, The Nag's Head. [PAR] These schemes frequently involved selling useless goods that had \" fallen off the back of a lorry \" (a British euphemism for \"stolen\"). [PAR] The family was made up of: [PAR] Del Boy (Derek Edward Trotter): A Loveable Rogue who always came up with daft schemes to try and make money. Famous for awful attempts at French (namely confusing \"Bonjour\" and \"Au revoir\"). Pretty much Sir David Jason 's defining role, to the point that \"Arise Sir Del Boy\" was the joke made by several newspapers when his knighthood was announced. [PAR] Rodney Charlton Trotter: Brother of Del Boy, he was the smarter of the two, but also naive and gormless (he possessed an impressive Oh Crap! stare). Began as an idealistic Soap Box Sadie counterpoint to the older, more cynical and picaresque-ish Del, and later became, of all things, a Deadpan Snarker . Nicholas Lyndhurst 's most famous role, although he has done other things. [PAR] Grandad (Edward Kitchener \"Ted\" Trotter): Often the load for Del and Rodney. Appeared in the early series until Lennard Pearce died , which was carried over into the series. Grandad's funeral was featured in the episode \"Strained Relations\". [PAR] Uncle Albert (Albert Gladstone Trotter): Actually Great-Uncle Albert, Grandad's long lost brother who appeared shortly after the latter's death . He was an old sailor with a Captain Birdseye beard and a penchant for reminiscing about life During the War . Actor Buster Merryfield died in 1999, and his death was also written into the show. [PAR] Rachel \"Raquel\" Turner: First appeared in the 1988 Christmas special \"Dates\" as Del's girlfriend. She then left for the Middle East and wasn't seen until a year later in the 1989 Christmas special \"The Jolly Boys' Outing\". From \"Rodney Come Home\" onward, Raquel has been living with Del and Albert, serving as the Team Mum . [PAR] Cassandra Louise Parry: An Uptown Girl who Rodney first met at evening school (and then later married) in the sixth series. [PAR] Damien Trotter: Del and Raquel's son, who Rodney suspects of being the Antichrist (his name was a sarcastic suggestion by Rodney that Del didn't pick up the significance of ). A Mouthy Kid . [PAR] Other characters included: [PAR] Trigger (Colin Ball): Not because he carries a gun but \"because he looks like a horse \". Always called Rodney \"Dave\" , and could never be persuaded otherwise. Originally a small-time crook who supplied Del with dodgy merchandise, he became a Cloudcuckoolander and not the sharpest spoon in the drawer. Played by Roger Lloyd Pack, who would also appear in The Vicar of Dibley . [PAR] Boycie: An unlovable rogue and frightful snob with a Signature"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cassandra Trotter - Only Fools and Horses Wiki - Wikia Cassandra Trotter | Only Fools and Horses Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Only Fools and Horses Wiki [PAR] 29 June 1966 (age 48) [PAR] Occupation [PAR] Freddie Robdal (father-in-law - deceased) [PAR] Cassandra Louise Trotter (n\u00e9e Parry; born 16 June 1966) is a fictional character from the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses . [PAR] Biography [PAR] The intelligent, slightly-spoiled daughter of the owner of a successful paper merchant, Alan ( Denis Lill ) and his wife Pam ( Wanda Ventham ), Cassandra was an ambitious employee of the local bank. She made her first Only Fools and Horses appearance in the episode Yuppy Love , in which she was an attendee of Rodney 's adult education class. The two first met when they accidentally mixed up their raincoats in the cloak room, and met again at a disco later that night, at which Rodney's friends Mickey Pearce and Jevon unsuccessfully ask her for a dance. Rodney then bet \u00a320 that he would be successful and, to their horror, she agreed to dance with him. Cassandra also offered to give him a lift home, and they exchanged telephone numbers. However, as he was ashamed to take her home to Nelson Mandela House, he pretended he lived in a more upmarket location on King's Avenue and was duly left stranded in a stranger's garden that night. [PAR] Originally John Sullivan wanted to make Cassandra a girlfriend of Trigger , Denzil or an admirer of Boycie , but decided that, as he planned to do with Del, Rodney needed a long-term relationship. [PAR] Their relationship blossomed throughout the sixth series; In \" The Unlucky Winner Is... \" she went to Spain with Rodney and Del, and had to pretend to be Del's wife, and Rodney's stepmother. In \" Sickness and Wealth \", Rodney announced that they were engaged; they married in the final episode of series 6: \" Little Problems \", after which they moved into their own flat. Her marriage to Rodney was not without its problems; Rodney was envious of Cassandra's privileged upbringing and her qualifications. When Cassandra wanted to build herself a career at the bank, Rodney was outraged, as he wanted her to be little more than a housewife, and have his dinner on the table for when he got home from work. [PAR] After a year of being married she and Rodney split up in \" The Jolly Boys' Outing \" (the 1989 Christmas special), when he punched her boss and broke his nose. In the next episode, \" Rodney Come Home \" (Christmas special 1990), they broke up again, which started an ongoing split between the pair. This split carried on throughout the duration of series 7. In \" The Chance of a Lunchtime \" Del played matchmaker between the two, reuniting them. However, the two were only together for an hour before Cassandra saw Rodney with an ex-fianc\u0113 of Del Boy's. Assuming that Rodney was cheating on her, Cassandra locked him out of the flat. They were ultimately reconciled in \" Three Men, a Woman, and a Baby \" but after just getting back together they were interrupted by a phone call telling them that Raquel had gone into labour and Del wanted Rodney to be there for the birth. The episode \" Miami Twice \" saw them trying to patch up their relationship, and in \" Mother Nature's Son \" they were back together properly, and stayed together ever after. The later episodes saw them attempting to conceive a child,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rodney Trotter - Only Fools and Horses Wiki - Wikia Rodney Trotter | Only Fools and Horses Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Only Fools and Horses Wiki [PAR] November 2, 1960 (age 55) [PAR] Occupation [PAR] head of computer section at Parry Print Ltd [PAR] Family [PAR] Damien (half-nephew) [PAR] Rodney Charlton Trotter is the secondary main character in the popular BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses. [PAR] Series [PAR] Rodney is the younger brother of Derek \"Del Boy\" Trotter , and is after Del the main character in the series. \"Rodders\", as he is affectionately known by his big brother, has stuck by Del through thick and thin. According to Del, he was still in nappies at the age of four when Del received a painting from their grandmother. Del also claimed in \" Mother Nature's Son \" that Rodney was still being breast fed, until he was three and a half years old, but this was probably not true and said only to embarrass Rodney. As a child, Rodney was \"all snot and Marmite\" with a \"funny haircut\". After leaving school with GCEs in Art and Mathematics, he was expelled from Art College for smoking cannabis. After being expelled from university, Del took it upon himself to give Rodney a job as an assistant market trader (or \"Financial Advisor\") and sidekick. He briefly served as Chairman of the Tenants Association. For 20 years from 1981, Rodney had worked in that pitiful position until the year 2001 when Del was banned from being the managing Director of any business by a court. When Trotters Independent Traders was about to end, Del knew that Rodney wasn't banned from managing a firm and so after 20 years as a pitiful assistant market trader, Rodney finally stepped up as Managing Director of T.I.T.Co, which allowed Del to keep on running the company secretly. [PAR] Rodney is the son of Joan Mavis Trotter, grandson of Ted Trotter, and great-nephew of Albert Trotter. He has a nephew named Damien. Rodney is not as streetwise as his brother. Del's comments whenever Rodney makes a mistake have become catchphrases. They include \"Plonker\", \"Dipstick\" and the definitive \"What a 42 carat plonker you really are!\". [PAR] For some time, Rodney worked as Financial Director of T.I.T.Co (a job which included such executive tasks as loading the van). Rodney has a strong conscience and is often morally outraged by Del's business activities, such as dealing in stolen goods. Despite his ethical objections, Rodney is usually enticed into Del's money making schemes by Del's persuasive charms and the temptation of financial rewards. [PAR] In the early episodes, Rodney was troubled by his drug sentence, and also by the fact that he had a very poor job, and lived in a very grotty flat. He was worried that he would never find independence, which he really did long for. Rodney found a supportive partner in Cassandra, who he met at a computer training course, and married her in 1989. Her father Alan employed Rodney at his company Parry Print Ltd (at least until Rodney accidentally quit that job), and, with some financial assistance from Del, he was able to buy a flat and finally move out of Nelson Mandela house. Rodney and Cassandra now have a young daughter called Joan, who Rodney named after his late mother. [PAR] Rodney went on the run for two days after Del Boy convinced him, as a joke, that he was known as \"The Peckham Pouncer,\" when a mentally unstable, seemingly drunk woman accused him of attacking her when he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dates (25th December 1988) - Only Fools & Horses Tribute ... Dates (25th December 1988) | Only Fools & Horses Tribute Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Only Fools & Horses Tribute Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] Del meets Raquel for the first time via a dating agency. [PAR] Dates was the Christmas 1988 special of Only Fools And Horses. This episode saw the start of a new era for the Trotter family as Del Boy met Raquel through a dating agency, and she is an actress until Del get a surpise at his Uncle Albert 's birthday do when he books a stripper for his birthday party. This episode saw Del Boy meet a more mature woman and also saw Rodney go on a date with Nervous Nerys , and a cruise in Del's van, which he ends up doing very quickly. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Derek \"Del Boy\" Trotter and Rodney Trotter have done very well in trade lately, having made \u00a32000 in the past month alone, selling mens electric razors. Albert Trotter tells a story about how he was in the Navy in 1941 and sunk the ship he went out to rescue, and was due to be court martialled but the Japanese invaded and Albert never heard a word about it. He also has an upcoming birthday on the 19th November, and seems to be dropping hints. [PAR] A day or so later in The Nags Head , Rodney is persuaded by his friends to ask Nervous Nerys Sansom out for a date, and fool him into thinking she likes hard men. Boycie talks about his Masonic Lodge and Trigger has a date with a woman, of which was organised by Technomatch Dating Agency . Del asks Mike Fisher if he can have the pub for the night for Albert's birthday. Mike says as long as Albert does not dance or sing, tells no rude jokes and does not drink too much and just sits down and enjoys himself then Del can have the pub. [PAR] Del seeks an opportunity and signs up to the dating agency, and is interviewed by the agent. Del says he wants a \"bit of a sort with everything in the right place and who knows the difference between a Liebfraumilch and a can of Tizer, and who likes a steak meal\". The agent runs a few names through his computer. He sees a 30 year old woman who is an actress. Del asks if she is famous and the agent say no. He then suggests if Del is to meet this lady that he meets her under the clock at Waterloo Station . He also insists that both parties are honest with each other. Del agrees to it and pays \u00a325 membership fee. He then says his surname is Duval with no \"e\" on the end when asked if he has an e on the end of his surname. [PAR] A few days later, Del is dressed up ready for his blind date. Albert asks if he is going out and Del says \"no I'm going to bleed the brakes on the van\" in sarcasm. Albert asks if it is someones birthday party or something and Del says no he has a date. Albert keeps dropping hints about how he had great birthday parties as a kid but now no one bothers. Del says the date is an actress called Raquel Turner and Albert says he has never heard of her. He asks more questions, but Del, reluctant to say he joined a dating agency, fobs Albert"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Halloween Episode - TV Tropes Halloween Episode - TV Tropes [PAR] Halloween Episode [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Umm... trick or treat? Why not both! [PAR] Roseanne: Halloween is the one night of the entire year where the veil is lifted between the living and the dead, and the dead return from Hell to walk the Earth. And we have to dress up like ghosts and goblins and stuff to fake out the evil spirits, or else they might carry us back to Hell with them. [PAR] Becky: So why do the dead people come back? [PAR] Roseanne: For the candy. There's no chocolate in Hell. That's why it's Hell. [PAR] \u2014 Roseanne [PAR] The characters are costumed , their houses are decked out haunted mansion style, they tell spooky stories, and weird (or weirder than usual) things abound! It's the yearly Halloween Episode! [PAR] Probably the most well known of these are The Simpsons \" Treehouse of Horror \" episodes, but most American kids' and genre shows have them. While neither Samhain nor All Saints Eve is ever mentioned, the similarly themed (but more upbeat) Dia de los Muertos (Nov 1-2) might be if the characters are on a visit to Mexico. [PAR] If it's too scary (or rather, too successful), this may result in Nightmare Fuel . Often a Bizarro Episode as well. Either way, coming across a Halloween episode of a show you watch in syndication is often an unexpected treat. [PAR] If the cast ends up in Halloween costumes, expect at least some of them to be a Shout-Out or even the occasional Actor Allusion . [PAR] There's a subversion/reversal on supernatural-oriented series where Halloween is literally a holiday for supernatural beings, and they all stay home . (Some Fridge Logic here because this assumes that terrorizing the populace is a job for supernatural creatures, rather than leisure activity.) [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Anime and Manga [PAR] Ouran High School Host Club has a Halloween episode with a Kimodameshi competition. It also gives the cast the opportunity to remark on how Renge dresses up in costumes even when it's not Halloween. [PAR] Rock Lee's Springtime of Youth has a Halloween episode with the Hidden Leaf Village having a Halloween festival, while Deidara and Tobi set out to ruin it with a giant pumpkin bomb. [PAR] Sgt. Frog had a Halloween episode where a mysterious girl who had apparently been adopted by a demon-like alien kidnapped Fuyuki. [PAR] Axis Powers Hetalia has two Halloween strips. One of which involves America and England trying to outscare each other (a long running competition between the two). Hetalia also recently featured a Halloween Special Episode which also included France harassing a young woman and resulting in a trip to jail. ( Surprisingly he didn't seem to mind that he had been detained and questioned by the police) [PAR] There was also a bigger one 2011, involving a party and costume contest. [PAR] Suite Pretty Cure \u266a has a Halloween episode. Unlike a lot of examples, it actually plays into the plot somewhat: It's the first episode after a major Wham Episode involving a change in villain management. [PAR] Happiness Charge Pretty Cure has one as well. It's about the Precures and Blue entering a halloween parade. However the episode reveals that Queen Mirage has a new servant working for her but it isn't until the end of the episode that we see who it is... Cure Tender/Maria, Iona's older sister. [PAR] Dirty Pair"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jim Broadbent - Only Fools & Horses Tribute Wiki - Wikia Jim Broadbent | Only Fools & Horses Tribute Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Only Fools & Horses Tribute Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Jim Broadbent as Roy Slater.[DOC] [TLE] Comedy - Only Fools and Horses - Slater - BBC - Home Comedy - Only Fools and Horses - Slater [PAR] Only Fools and Horses [PAR] Place: Fulham [PAR] Jim Broadbent [PAR] DI Slater used to terrorise the Peckham wideboys. A representative of the Metropolitan Police, Slater was particularly feared due to his underhand methods. [PAR] A smart man Slater had 10 CSEs to his name. Ruthless in exercising his duties he once arrested his own dad for having a broken rear light. Del once said of Slater that he would 'nick you for anything you did - in fact he'd nick you for anything that you didn't do!' [PAR] Slater was not crafty enough to prevent his sacking from the Met for 12 counts of fraud and 17 of corruption. A small matter for which he was also jailed for 5 years. Slater married Raquel in 1977 - a divorce not unpredictably followed a few years later. [PAR] Broadbent was initially offered the role of Del Boy but had to turn it down due to other commitments. Prior to Fools he had appeared in a number of films including The Dogs of War and Time Bandits. [PAR] You can call me Mr Slater, Detective Inspector Slater, or just plain sir!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scottish Football Association Scottish Football Association [PAR] 17th November 1999, Wembley Stadium, London - Euro 2000 play-off 2nd leg [PAR] Scotland 0-2 England [PAR] 13th November 1999, Hampden Park, Glasgow - Euro 2000 play-off 1st leg [PAR] England 2-0 Scotland [PAR] 15th June 1996, Wembley Stadium, London - Euro '96 [PAR] Scotland 0-2 England [PAR] 27th May 1989, Hampden Park, Glasgow - Rous Cup [PAR] England 1-0 Scotland [PAR] 21st May 1988, Wembley Stadium, London - Rous Cup [PAR] Scotland 0-0 England [PAR] 23rd May 1987, Hampden Park, Glasgow - Rous Cup [PAR] England 2-1 Scotland [PAR] 23rd April 1986, Wembley Stadium, London - Rous Cup [PAR] Scotland 1-0 England [PAR] 25th May 1985, Hampden Park, Glasgow - Rous Cup [PAR] FAMOUS GAMES [PAR] 1872 First ever Auld Enemy clash [PAR] Scotland v England on the 30th November 1872 was the first time the sides met and was also the first ever official International football match. Fittingly, the match fell on St Andrew\u2019s Day and the venue was the West of Scotland cricket club\u2019s ground at Hamilton Crescent in Partick. [PAR] All of Scotland\u2019s players were from Queen\u2019s Park F.C, selected by captain and goalkeeper Robert W. Gardner. England\u2019s players were selected from nine different clubs by captain Charles Alcock, though he was unable to play on the day due to injury. [PAR] Four thousand spectators turned up to watch the game, which eventually finished in a 0-0 draw. [PAR] 1878 Scotland v England [PAR] Despite the strong wind and the threat of rain a large crowd of around 15000 watched the match at the 'first' Hampden. Special trains and horsedrawn cabs were provided to cope with the large crowd. The match was played under English rules and one of the more successful tactics employed by the English team was their one handed hurl used at throw ins. On a number of occasions Charles Campbell (Hall of Fame) had to clear his defensive lines by heading out the long throws. [PAR] The assured combination play of the Scots backed by a strong wind created a four goal lead at half time, but with both teams changing ends it was expected that England would come back into the match. To the surprise of most Scotland managed to dominate the early exchanges and added to their lead. England came into the match late on and managed to score two goals but even the loss of the Rangers full back Tom Vallance through injury could do little to affect the final result. [PAR] 1928 Wembley Wizards [PAR] A rain-soaked Wembley Stadium was the setting for one of the all time great Scotland v England fixtures. Despite an early scare when English forward Billy Smith hit the post, Scotland were in an attacking mood and Alex Jackson headed the opener after just three minutes. A resolute performance by the opposition rearguard prevented the visitors from adding to their tally, nevertheless they couldn\u2019t hold on and Alex James scored the second just before half time with a left foot strike. [PAR] Scotland raised their game in the second half, dominating play and undoing their opponents with sublime skill and excellent teamwork, inevitably leading to a third goal scored by Jackson, again with his head. A fourth followed soon after, Alex James netting his second with the team seemingly able to score at will. [PAR] As the end of the game drew closer, Alex Jackson completed his hat-trick. To the credit of the England players, they didn\u2019t give up and Bob Kelly scored a consolation from a free-kick, leaving the final score England 1,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Photos of Lancaster, Lancashire, England, UK. - urban75 Photos of Lancaster, Lancashire, England, UK. [PAR] A brief photographic shimmy around this old northern town [PAR] (Photos/words \u00a9 urban75, 1st Sept, 2008) [PAR] On our way up to the Lake District, we had an hour or so to kill between trains in Lancaster, so we took a quick spin around the small city. [PAR] The traditional county town of Lancashire, Lancaster stands on the River Lune with a population of around 46,000 souls. [PAR] Steeped in history, the town is dominated by Lancaster Castle, partly built in the 13th century and standing on the site of a Roman garrison. [PAR] The city's name first appears in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Loncastre, and is derived from the Old English for, 'Roman fort on the River Lune.' [PAR] After the infamous Pendle witch trials of 1612, so many people were sentenced to die from the court based in the castle (the Lancaster Assizes) that Lancaster earned itself the nickname of 'the Hanging Town'. [PAR] Many buildings in the city centre and along St. George's Quay date from the 1800s and were built during a brief heyday when the port became one of the busiest in the UK. Shamefully, it was also the fourth most important port in the UK for the slave trade at the time. [PAR] Although Lancaster gained its first charter in 1193 as a market town and borough, it had had to wait until 1937 to be granted city status. [PAR] Bashful Alley, a curiously named street name in central Lancaster. [PAR] Ye Olde John O Gaunt, a fune old jazz/live music boozer at 3 Market St, Lancaster. [PAR] Market in Lancaster. [PAR] Bloke on phone selling bubble blowing guns. [PAR] The Penny Bank in Penny Street, another pub offering real ales and live bands. [PAR] Lancaster Town Hall stands in Dalton Square and was officially opened on the 27th December 1909 by Lord Ashton. [PAR] Deep-pocketed Ashton shelled out \u00a3155,00 to pay for the new Town Hall and the statue of Queen Victoria opposite. [PAR] Statue of Queen Victoria in Dalton Square . [PAR] Another view of the Town Hall. [PAR] A view along Penny Street. [PAR] The exterior of Cunningham Jewellers, est. 1885. [PAR] Cobbled street. [PAR] Old Co-op building in Church Street. [PAR] Building detail, showing carving of beehive. [PAR] The Judges Lodgings at the top of Upper Church Street. [PAR] Now open to the public as a museum, the house was once the residence of Thomas Covell who was involved in trying the 'Pendle Witches.' [PAR] Close up of the building with the Covell Cross is in the foreground. [PAR] A texter drifts past the old YMCA building, erected in 1908. [PAR] Some views of old Lancaster, from near the castle. [PAR] Looking south-east over the city from the castle. [PAR] Workmen attending to the brickwork of Lancaster Castle. [PAR] Waiting at Lancaster Station for our train to Grange Over Sands ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buffalo Bill | Article about Buffalo Bill by The Free ... Buffalo Bill | Article about Buffalo Bill by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Buffalo Bill | Article about Buffalo Bill by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Buffalo+Bill [PAR] Related to Buffalo Bill: Annie Oakley [PAR] Buffalo Bill [PAR] near Le Claire, Iowa, U.S. [PAR] Died [PAR] Wednesday, January 10, 1917 [PAR] Occupation [PAR] Army scout, Pony Express rider, ranch hand, wagon train driver, buffalo hunter, fur trapper, gold prospector, showman [PAR] Known for [PAR] Buffalo Bill Wild West shows which provided education and entertainment about bronco riding, handling bovine and equine livestock, roping, and other herdsmen skills seen in present day rodeos [PAR] Buffalo Bill, [PAR] 1846\u20131917, American plainsman, scout, and showman, b. near Davenport, Iowa. His real name was William Frederick Cody. His family moved (1854) to Kansas, and after the death of his father (1857) he set out to earn the family living, working for supply trains and a freighting company. In 1859 he went to the Colorado gold fields and he claimed, apparently falsely, to have ridden for the pony express pony express, [PAR] in U.S. history, relay mail service. At its inception in Apr., 1860, the pony express operated between St. Joseph, Mo., the western end of a telegraph line, and Sacramento, Calif. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. in 1860. His adventures on the Western frontier as an army scout and later as a buffalo hunter for railroad construction camps on the Great Plains were the basis for the stories later told about him. [PAR] On his first visit to the East in 1872, Ned Buntline Buntline, Ned [PAR] , pseud. of Edward Zane Carroll Judson, [PAR] 1823\u201386, American adventurer and writer. In 1845 he founded in Nashville Ned Buntline's Own, a sensational magazine. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. persuaded him to appear on the New York stage, and, except for a brief period of scouting against the Sioux and Cheyenne in 1876, he was from that time on connected with show business. In 1883 he organized Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show and toured with it for many years throughout the United States and Europe. Wyoming granted him a stock ranch, on which the town of Cody was laid out. He died in Denver and was buried on Lookout Mt. near Golden, Colo. The exploits attributed to him in the dime novels of Buntline and Prentice Ingraham are only slightly more imaginative than his own autobiographies (1879, 1920). [PAR] Bibliography [PAR] See R. J. Walsh and M. S. Salsbury, The Making of Buffalo Bill (1928); biographies by D. B. Russell (1960, repr. 1969) and J. Burke (1973); L. W. Warren, Buffalo Bill's America (2005). [PAR] Buffalo Bill [PAR] (William F. Cody, 1846\u20131917) American cowboy and showman whose image was fortified by his long blond hair. [Am. Hist.: NCE, 390][DOC] [TLE] Cody, William F | Article about Cody, William F by The ... Cody, William F | Article about Cody, William F by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Cody, William F | Article about Cody, William F by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Cody%2c+William+F [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Buffalo Bill [PAR] near Le Claire, Iowa, U.S. [PAR] Died [PAR] Wednesday, January 10, 1917 [PAR] Occupation [PAR] Army scout, Pony Express rider, ranch hand, wagon train driver, buffalo hunter, fur trapper, gold prospector, showman [PAR] Known for [PAR] Buffalo Bill Wild West shows which provided education and entertainment about bronco riding, handling bovine and equine livestock, roping, and other herdsmen skills seen in present day rodeos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Halifax dumps Howard from its TV ads because he's too ... Halifax dumps Howard from its TV ads because he's too jolly for a recession | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Halifax dumps Howard from its TV ads because he's too jolly for a recession [PAR] comments [PAR] For the past eight years his jolly sing and dance routine has either cheered you up or driven you mad with irritation. [PAR] But now Howard Brown, the bespectacled star of the Halifax television adverts, looks like being another victim of the credit crunch. [PAR] The bank has decided that in the current gloomy economic climate his adverts are too cheerful. [PAR] Since 2000 Mr Brown has fronted Halifax's adverts as part of the 'staff as stars' campaign. [PAR] Too upbeat: Howard Brown will no longer be the face of Halifax because it wants a more serious tone to reflect current economic problems [PAR] The commercials feature ordinary staff members performing song and dance routines with lyrics doctored to advertise Halifax products. [PAR] Even though they were routinely voted the most annoying adverts on TV, they, and Mr Brown, have endured. [PAR] Mr Brown, 42, who was originally a cashier at a branch in Sheldon near Birmingham, made his break singing a reworked version of Tom Jones' 'Sex Bomb'. [PAR] He appeared in seven more adverts for Halifax including singing 'I'll give you extra' to the tune of 'Angel' by pop star Shaggy. [PAR] Howard feels the crunch: Apparently surfing in a suit and riding a giant bird isn't quite so amusing in these tough financial times [PAR] In one bizarre advert he straddled a giant swan while in another he sent up Gene Kelly's 'Singing in the rain' umbrella dance routine. [PAR] He quickly became a household name and was turned into a waxwork model by Madame Tussauds. [PAR] Halifax had so much faith in their 'brand ambassador' they even turned him into a computer generated character to give the bank a friendlier image. [PAR] Now he is facing the sack after Halifax reviewed their advertising contract. [PAR] Even though the bank awarded it to the same agency that conjured the 'staff for stars' campaign, an internal review concluded its marketing should be more serious. [PAR] Ambassador: Mr Brown, 42, has been the face of the bank for eight years since winning a talent show among employees for the role [PAR] Dan Shute, the director of the Halifax account at DLKW, said: \"The financial world is very different in 2008 to the one that we started working with in the year 2000, so a change was necessary. [PAR] \"But it would be wrong to suggest that this is a reassurance campaign from Halifax - it's just recognising that times have changed.\" [PAR] If the 'staff for stars' campaign is axed it throws into doubt the showbiz careers of other Halifax employees who have been catapulted to stardom. [PAR] Natalie Webster, 29, appeared in a version of Aretha Franklin's 'Think' while Thomas Yau, 25, plucked from a Halifax call centre in Leeds, was in the most recent ad. [PAR] Both have now returned to their regular jobs. [PAR] Mr Brown, who has made a cameo appearance in the BBC2 series 'The Office', could now pursue more TV work - or return to the cashier's desk. [PAR] Ride is over: Halifax will now be taking a more serious approach to its campaign [PAR] HBOS, which owns Halifax, could use a little cheer itself. [PAR] Last month it revealed pre tax profits had plunged 72% in the first six months of 2008 to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joss Whedon - IMDb Joss Whedon - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Writer | Producer | Director [PAR] Joss Whedon is the middle of five brothers - his younger brothers are Jed Whedon and Zack Whedon . Both his father, Tom Whedon and his grandfather, John Whedon were successful television writers. Joss' mother, Lee Stearns, was a history teacher and she also wrote novels as Lee Whedon. Whedon was raised in New York and was educated at Riverdale ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 48 people [PAR] created 19 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 28 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 06 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 11 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Joss Whedon's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 20 wins & 39 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] | Edit [PAR] Filmography [PAR] 2009 This American Life Live! (TV Movie) (written by) [PAR] 2009 Dollplay (TV Series) (creator) [PAR] 2008 Commentary! The Musical (Video short) (written by) [PAR] Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (TV Mini-Series) (2 episodes, 2008) (written by - 1 episode, 2008) [PAR] 2007 Forgotten Memories (Video short) (based on the characters created by) [PAR] 2005 Serenity (written by) [PAR] Angel (TV Series) (created by - 110 episodes, 1999 - 2004) (written by - 8 episodes, 1999 - 2004) (story - 4 episodes, 1999 - 2004) [PAR] Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV Series) (created by - 144 episodes, 1997 - 2003) (written by - 25 episodes, 1996 - 2003) (story by - 3 episodes, 1997) [PAR] - Chosen (2003) ... (creator) / (written by) [PAR] - The Plague (1990) ... (written by) [PAR] 1989-1990 Roseanne (TV Series) (written by - 4 episodes) [PAR] - The Little Sister (1989) ... (written by) [PAR] Hide [PAR] - Deal Breaker (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Justicia (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 2013-2016 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (TV Series) (executive producer - 47 episodes) [PAR] - Emancipation (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - The Attic (2009) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Stop-Loss (2009) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 2008 The Making of Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (Video documentary short) (executive producer) [PAR] Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 2 episodes, 2008) (producer - 1 episode, 2008) [PAR] - Act I (2008) ... (executive producer - uncredited) [PAR] 1999-2004 Angel (TV Series) (executive producer - 110 episodes) [PAR] - Time Bomb (2004) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Origin (2004) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - The Message (2003) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Trash (2003) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Heart of Gold (2003) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Serenity (2002) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 1996-2003 Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV Series) (executive producer - 145 episodes) [PAR] - Chosen (2003) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - End of Days (2003) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Touched (2003) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 1990 Parenthood (TV Series) (co-producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1999-2004 Angel (TV Series) (7 episodes) [PAR] - Shells (2004) ... (segment \"Fred flashback\", uncredited) [PAR] 2002 Firefly (TV Series) (3 episodes) [PAR] - Serenity (2002) ... (part 1 & 2) [PAR] 2012/I Much Ado About Nothing (music: \"Sigh No More\", \"Heavily\") [PAR] 2008 Commentary! The Musical (Video short) (lyrics: \"Ten Dollar Solo\", \"Better Than Neil\", \"Steve's Song\") / (music: \"Ten Dollar Solo\") / (performer: \"Strike!\","
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Fruit Grows on Palm Trees? | Home Guides | SF Gate What Fruit Grows on Palm Trees? | Home Guides | SF Gate [PAR] What Fruit Grows on Palm Trees? [PAR] What Fruit Grows on Palm Trees? [PAR] The coconut palm is economically important to many developing countries. [PAR] Members of the family Arecaceae, palm trees are an ancient and diverse group of trees that bear fruit containing one or multiple seeds. Many of these fruits are hard or tough and suitable for consumption only by wildlife, such as birds and squirrels. However, a number of palms produce fruit that is good for human consumption or useful for other commercial purposes. [PAR] Coconut Palm [PAR] The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is a tall, tropical tree that grows well in U. S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10b to 11. The fruit of the coconut palm consists of a fibrous, hard seed coat surrounding a large, edible seed or nut. The highly nutritious nutmeat has many culinary uses and can also be pressed to produce coconut milk. Coconut oil, an edible semi-solid fat extracted from the nutmeat, is used in chocolate and ice cream, as well as products such as soap, hair conditioner, ointments, lubricants, rubber and paint. [PAR] Date Palm [PAR] Members of the genus Phoenix, date palms range in height from 10 feet to more than 80 feet, depending on the species. Female date palms bear fruit if a male tree is nearby, but not all species bear fruit that is good for human consumption. The main trees used for commercial date production are the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and the silver date palm (Phoenix sylvestris), both of which grow in USDA zones 9 to 11. Dates are grown commercially throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa and also southern California and Arizona. Many types of date trees are grown as ornamental landscape plants throughout the southeastern and southwestern United States. [PAR] Jelly Palm [PAR] The jelly palm (Butia capitata) is a cold-hardy, small to medium-sized tree with long feathery leaves. It produces clusters of small edible yellowish-orange fruit. The fruit is sweet, but somewhat tart and fibrous and is often used to make jelly. Native to South America, the jelly palm tolerates occasional winter lows to 15 degrees Fahrenheit and grows well in USDA zones 8 to 9. [PAR] Chilean Wine Palm [PAR] The Chilean wine palm (Jubaea chilensis) grows approximately 80 feet tall with a thick, sturdy trunk. This palm bears small orange fruits that contain brown hollow seeds about 2 inches in diameter. These seeds look and taste similar coconuts. The tree also produces a sugary sap that can be boiled down to make syrup or fermented to make wine. However, extracting the sap eventually kills the tree. The Chilean wine palm prefers cooler temperate areas and grows well in USDA zones 8 to 10. [PAR] Guadalupe Palm [PAR] The Guadalupe palm (Brahea edulis) prefers sunny Mediterranean climates and is hardy to 20 F. This tree is native to Guadalupe Island, a small volcanic island off the western coast of Mexico. The Guadalupe palm bears small fleshy fruit, similar in taste and texture to a date. The fruit is often used for making jelly and jam. This tree reaches about 30 feet tall in USDA zones 9a to 11. [PAR] Sunset Western Garden Book; Kathleen Norris Brenzel, ed. [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Based in the Atlanta area, Charlene Williams has been writing and editing since 1988. She has over 15 years of experience working as a technical writer in the software"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hawaii: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag ... Hawaii: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag, Tree, Geography, Symbols [PAR] kukui (candlenut) (1959) [PAR] Nickname: Aloha State (1959) [PAR] Origin of name: Uncertain. The islands may have been named by Hawaii Loa, their traditional discoverer. Or they may have been named after Hawaii or Hawaiki, the traditional home of the Polynesians. [PAR] 10 largest cities1 (2010): Honolulu , 374,701; Ewa, 279,683; Koolaupoko, 121,180; East Honolulu, 49,914; Pearl City, 47,698; Hilo , 43,263; Waipahu, 38,216; Kaneohe, 34,597; North Kona, 33,155; Mililani Town, 27,629. [PAR] Land area: 6,423 sq mi. (16,637 sq km) [PAR] Geographic center: Between islands of Hawaii and Maui [PAR] Number of counties: 5 (Kalawao non-functioning) [PAR] Largest county by population and area: Honolulu, 974,990 (2012); Hawaii, 4,028 sq mi. [PAR] State forests: 19 natural area reserves (over 109,000 ac.) [PAR] State park: 52 (25,000 ac.) [PAR] Residents: Hawaiian, also kamaaina (native-born nonethnic Hawaiian), malihini (newcomer) [PAR] 2015 resident population: 1,431,603 [PAR] 2010 resident census population (rank): 1,360,301 (40). Male: 681,243 (50.1%); Female: 679,058 (49.9%). White: 336,599 (24.7%); Black: 21,424 (1.6%); American Indian: 4,164 (0.3%); Asian: 525,078 (38.6%); Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 135,422 (10.0%); Other race: 16,985 (1.3%); Two or more races: 320,629 (23.6%); Hispanic/Latino: 120,842 (8.9%). 2010 population 18 and over: 1,056,483; 65 and over: 195,138 (14.3%); median age: 38.6. [PAR] Map of Hawaii [PAR] First settled by Polynesians sailing from other Pacific islands between A.D. 300 and 600, Hawaii was visited in 1778 by British captain James Cook , who called the group the Sandwich Islands. [PAR] Hawaii was a native kingdom throughout most of the 19th century, when the expansion of the sugar industry (pineapple came after 1898) meant increasing U.S. business and political involvement. In 1893, Queen Liliuokalani was deposed, and a year later the Republic of Hawaii was established with Sanford B. Dole as president. Following annexation (1898), Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1900. [PAR] The Japanese attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941 , was directly responsible for U.S. entry into World War II . [PAR] Hawaii, 2,397 mi west-southwest of San Francisco, is a 1,523-mile chain of islets and eight main islands\u2014 Hawaii , Kahoolawe , Maui , Lanai , Molokai , Oahu , Kauai , and Niihau . The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, other than Midway , are administratively part of Hawaii. [PAR] The temperature is mild, and cane sugar, pineapple , and flowers and nursery products are the chief products. Hawaii also grows coffee beans, bananas, and macadamia nuts. The tourist business is Hawaii's largest source of outside income. [PAR] Hawaii's highest peak is Mauna Kea (13,796 ft). Mauna Loa (13,679 ft) is the largest volcanic mountain in the world by volume. [PAR] Among the major points of interest are Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (Hawaii), Haleakala National Park (Maui), Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park (Hawaii), Polynesian Cultural Center (Oahu), the USS Arizona and USS Missouri Memorial at Pearl Harbor , The National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (Oahu), and Iolani Palace (the only royal palace in the U.S.), Bishop Museum, and Waikiki Beach (all in Honolulu). [PAR] In 2008, Hawaii-born Barack Obama was elected president of the United States. [PAR] See more on Hawaii: [PAR] Selected famous natives and residents: [PAR] Salevaa Atisanoe (Konishiki) sumo wrestler; [PAR] George Ariyoshi first Japanese-American elected governor; [PAR] Angela Perez Baraquio Miss America (2001);[DOC] [TLE] Hawaii - U.S. States - HISTORY.com Hawaii - U.S. States - HISTORY.com [PAR] Date of Statehood: August 21, 1959 [PAR] Capital: Honolulu [PAR] Size: 10,926 square miles [PAR] Nickname(s): Aloha"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Destination St. Lucia - Elite Island Resorts St. Lucia | All Inclusive Caribbean Vacation Packages [PAR] Destination St. Lucia [PAR] Morgan Bay Restaurant at Sunset [PAR] St. Lucia hosts some of the most breathtaking and diverse scenery in all of the Caribbean. Gorgeous palm-fringed beaches, miles of unspoiled rainforest, a volcano with boiling sulphur springs, and natural waterfalls serve as a backdrop for some of the friendliest people in the world. Nestled between The Atlantic Ocean and the calm Caribbean Sea, St. Lucia\u2019s majestic Piton Mountains meet the sea at every point. The volcanic island is more mountainous than many other Caribbean islands, with the highest point being Mount Gimie, at 950 metres (3,120 feet) above sea level. Due to its topography, St. Lucia hosts a multitude of outdoor adventures such as hiking, zip lining, safari tours, rain forest treks, and open-air gondola rides. The island is perfect for individual exploration as well; be it on bike, foot, or scooter. St. Lucia is also known for some of the best diving in the world (scuba and snorkel), as the underwater mountains create caves and reefs teaming with aquatic life. Speed boating, windsurfing, waterskiing, parasailing, and whale watching are all exciting above-water attractions available. The animal watching doesn\u2019t end on the high season, though. When traveling through the rain forest, be sure to keep an eye out for exotic birds \u2013 either professionally or just for fun; this is one of the top spots in the world for rare sightings. St. Lucia hosts a yearly event called the Jazz and Arts Festival, which is the Caribbean\u2019s premier cultural event. The 12-day festival, which runs through the end of April into May, attracts thousands of people who come to see world-acclaimed entertainers and artisans. [PAR] All-Inclusive Resorts in St. Lucia[DOC] [TLE] Luxury St Lucia Resort & Hotel | Viceroy Sugar Beach Luxury St Lucia Resort & Hotel | Viceroy Sugar Beach [PAR] 800 235 4300 (USA), International: +1 758 456 8000 sb.info@viceroyhotelsandresorts.com [PAR] Sugar Beach, A Viceroy Luxury Resort in St. Lucia [PAR] Where Heaven Meets Earth in a St Lucia Resort & Hotel [PAR] Our luxury St Lucia resort and hotel is set within over 100 acres of pristine rainforest on the site of an 18th Century sugar plantation and in the embrace of the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Pitons. The lushly landscaped grounds sweep down to the stunning white sand Sugar Beach and the glimmering Caribbean Sea. Discover our luxury St. Lucia resort today for a unforgettable island experience."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) - IMDb The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 22 December 2016 4:51 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian ( 2008 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] The Pevensie siblings return to Narnia, where they are enlisted to once again help ward off an evil king and restore the rightful heir to the land's throne, Prince Caspian. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 11 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 08 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) [PAR] 6.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.3/10 X [PAR] Lucy and Edmund Pevensie return to Narnia with their cousin Eustace where they meet up with Prince Caspian for a trip across the sea aboard the royal ship The Dawn Treader. Along the way they encounter dragons, dwarves, merfolk, and a band of lost warriors before reaching the edge of the world. [PAR] Director: Michael Apted [PAR] Four kids travel through a wardrobe to the land of Narnia and learn of their destiny to free it with the guidance of a mystical lion. [PAR] Director: Andrew Adamson [PAR] A newly recruited night security guard at the Museum of Natural History discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc. [PAR] Director: Shawn Levy [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Security guard Larry Daley infiltrates the Smithsonian Institution in order to rescue Jedediah and Octavius, who have been shipped to the museum by mistake. [PAR] Director: Shawn Levy [PAR] As Harry races against time and evil to destroy the Horcruxes, he uncovers the existence of three most powerful objects in the wizarding world: the Deathly Hallows. [PAR] Director: David Yates [PAR] As Harry Potter begins his sixth year at Hogwarts, he discovers an old book marked as \"the property of the Half-Blood Prince\" and begins to learn more about Lord Voldemort's dark past. [PAR] Director: David Yates [PAR] With their warning about Lord Voldemort's return scoffed at, Harry and Dumbledore are targeted by the Wizard authorities as an authoritarian bureaucrat slowly seizes power at Hogwarts. [PAR] Director: David Yates [PAR] Harry ignores warnings not to return to Hogwarts, only to find the school plagued by a series of mysterious attacks and a strange voice haunting him. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] Harry finds himself mysteriously selected as an under-aged competitor in a dangerous tournament between three schools of magic. [PAR] Director: Mike Newell [PAR] It's Harry's third year at Hogwarts; not only does he have a new"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lifeguards and safety flags | nidirect Lifeguards and safety flags | nidirect [PAR] Keeping safe at the coast and rivers [PAR] Lifeguards and safety flags [PAR] Find out more about how you can stay safe on the coast. Whenever possible, try to find a beach with a lifeguard and always obey the safety flags and signs. [PAR] Where to find a lifeguard [PAR] To make sure you are safe, find a beach with a lifeguard. You can ask a lifeguard for advice about conditions in the water, like how strong the waves are, and where it's safe to swim. [PAR] Lifeguards also provide help if you get into difficulty in the water or on the beach. The Royal National Lifeguard Institution (RNLI) patrols more than 100 beaches in the UK during the summer months (May to September). [PAR] To find out which beaches are manned by lifeguards, check the Good Beach Guide. [PAR] Marine Conservation Society's Good Beach Guide [PAR] If you see someone in difficulty [PAR] Don't attempt a rescue - tell a lifeguard, or dial 999/112 and ask for the coastguard. These numbers apply in the Republic of Ireland too. [PAR] Pay attention to the safety flags on the beach [PAR] When you're on the beach, pay attention to the flags and signs. They give important safety information about the area you are in, like whether: [PAR] it's safe to swim [PAR] the beach is good for surfing or using pleasure craft, like yachts [PAR] there are any hazards in the area [PAR] The following is a list of the different coloured flags you may see on the beach and what they mean. You can also ask a lifeguard. [PAR] Red and yellow flags [PAR] These flags mark areas that are patrolled by lifeguards. These are the safest places to swim or use a bodyboard. [PAR] Red flags [PAR] A red flag indicates danger. Never enter the water when the red flag is flying. [PAR] Black and white chequered flags [PAR] If you see a black and white chequered flag, it means the area is safe for watercraft, like surfboards and kayaks. It's not safe to swim or use a bodyboard in these areas. [PAR] Orange windsocks [PAR] If you see an orange windsock flying, it means there are dangerous wind conditions. Never use an inflatable, like a tube or a dinghy, when the orange windsock is flying - you could get swept out to sea. [PAR] Other signs on the beach [PAR] Make sure you read and obey any safety signs you see at the entrance to the beach. These signs give information about what you can and can't do on the beach. [PAR] What to do if the beach doesn't have a lifeguard [PAR] Lifeguards aren't on duty all year round and some beaches have no lifeguards or safety signs at all. If there are no lifeguards on the beach when you arrive, you\u2019ll need to look out for any risks and hazards yourself. [PAR] See the page below for more information about how to recognise hazards at the beach."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MG10 Managing Lawns and Turfgrass | University of Missouri ... Brad Fresenburg and Lee Miller [PAR] Division of Plant Sciences [PAR] It takes some time and effort to develop a lawn with the right mixture of turfgrass species and varieties for your landscape and situation, but it is worth the investment to achieve results that are attractive, durable and easy to maintain. Important questions to ask are: How will the area be used, and what level of maintenance will it receive? What are your expectations for your yard? What are the different levels of shade in your landscape? What are your climate and soils? [PAR] Managing a lawn involves decisions about frequency of mowing, fertilization and watering, and whether you plan to use crabgrass preventers or products to control turfgrass diseases and insects. You will also want to evaluate any historical information you have about disease and insect occurrences. Taking time to consider these factors in advance will help you select the best species or mixture of species for your situation. [PAR] Species and cultivar selection [PAR] The key to a quality lawn is to select turfgrass species and varieties that will grow best in your region. Finding those varieties that will offer good quality, color, density and disease resistance will make lawn care easier. [PAR] The following information on available turfgrass species and varieties will help you select species well adapted for specific situations. There are hundreds of commercially available varieties for most turfgrass species, but not all will ever be available for sale by any single seed company, garden center or nursery. Local seed companies align themselves with specific national seed growers, which limits the number of varieties they sell. [PAR] In addition to providing many of the premium seed varieties, seed suppliers can provide useful information for selecting species and varieties that perform best in particular situations. Many of the major seed companies have their own websites that offer information and list contacts and retail sources where you can buy their products. Websites will often sell small quantities, which they will deliver directly to your door, a convenience to consider. [PAR] The difficulty can be finding the varieties you read about. One approach to selecting varieties is to list those recommended for your area or with the desired characteristics and then cross-reference your list to the varieties you find available. [PAR] Before you buy, read the information on the seed label to make sure you know what you are buying (Figure 1). [PAR] Figure 1 Seed labels [PAR] Seed bags carry a printed tag with important information, including species, variety name, purity, germination, weed seed and noxious weed seed content, and testing date. The species and variety names can be cross-referenced to local recommendations of those that grow best in your area. As long as purity and germination are acceptable, the next vital information is the weed list. The best products will have 0 percent listed for weeds and noxious weeds. Avoid products with large amounts (greater than 0.2 percent) of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis); patches of these weeds will decline during the summer, creating unsightly spots in your lawn. [PAR] Species and cultivar identification [PAR] Cultivated variety [PAR] \"Cultivar\" is a term now used in place of variety. It means cultivated variety and differentiates a plant from a botanical, or natural, variety. [PAR] Turfgrass species can be identified by various plant parts. The primary plant parts used in identification are the leaf blade, leaf tips, collars, ligules, auricles and roots (Figure 2). Knowing the various shapes and sizes of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flavours | Snugburys Flavours | Snugburys [PAR] This one is special! Snugburys homemade chocolate brownie with dark malted chocolate ice cream. [PAR] Mint Choc Chip [PAR] Fresh, cool mint ice cream speckled with dark chocolate chips. We sorted through lots of chocolate chips to find the right ones, dark chocolate with a high cocoa content. They are so good its amazing they ever reach the ice cream! [PAR] Turkish Delight [PAR] Full of eastern promise? Well it tastes like it. This ice cream was a customer's suggestion and we love it. A rose water flavoured ice cream with a rich chocolate swirl. [PAR] Tropical Twist [PAR] A combination of refreshing mango sorbet and plain ice cream - this flavour really sums up summer for us! [PAR] Cappuccino Coffee [PAR] A difficult one this one! Was it to strong or not strong enough? We made batch after batch and believe we have recently perfected it; a full-bodied coffee ice cream with dark chocolate chips! The smell alone is sensational! [PAR] Mint Oreo Blitz [PAR] Double white mint ice cream, lashings of dark chocolate sauce and for the finale - bursting with Oreos. [PAR] Cherry Blizzard [PAR] A delicious white chocolate ice cream with a cherry ripple and chocolate cookie pieces. Sounds easy, but wait this was a development of our Cherry ice cream, which was SO loaded with cherries it was impossible to scoop. So we got our heads together (this is always the fun bit) and decided white chocolate ice cream (really creamy and smooth) would compliment the tart cherry ripple and then just to top it off some chocolate cookie pieces (I think we were in black forest land)! [PAR] Real Strawberry [PAR] We have fiddled with this recipe more than any other. We wanted a fresh strawberry taste - Chris was on a mission. Seven years after tweaking and readjusting this is it! We think this is one of the most difficult flavours to get right. [PAR] Raspberry Ripple [PAR] My favourite! Cool plain ice cream swirled with raspberry coulis. If you are a raspberry fan this one is for you. [PAR] Raspberry Pavola [PAR] A tricky ice cream to make (all those pips) however it is worth the effort! This wonderful raspberry ice cream (jam packed with fruit) then has a raspberry coulis ripple - then just to go overboard we have loaded in the meringues. There you have it - it's a Wow. [PAR] Damson and Sloe Gin [PAR] Last year it was a fantastic year for damsons. The trees on the farm were really heavy with fruit. We all set to making jam but really what we wanted to do make some great damson ice cream. We made pure damson ice cream which I must admit was very nice and tasted a bit like black cherry ice cream. However the breakthrough came when one of us suggested making sloe gin ice cream and making a damson ripple. Note the \"one of us\". We are all claiming this creation! It is superb!!! [PAR] Rum and Raisin [PAR] We are nearly drunk on the fumes when making our Rum and Raisin! The raisins are soaked in the rum overnight to make sure they are really plump then they are added to the rum ice cream, don't drink and drive. [PAR] Ginger and Honey [PAR] What a great combination of flavours! Acacia honey - not an overpowering honey flavour (as with oilseed rape honey) but a subtle honey flavour with quality pieces of ginger in every mouthful. Fabulous - on a cone or in a brandy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why A PLL Star Should Play Summer In The OC Musical Why A PLL Star Should Play Summer In The OC Musical [PAR] Janel Parrish, aka Mona from Pretty Little Liars . [PAR] Why, you ask? Well, I\u2019ve prepared answers and here they are. [PAR] 1. \u201cWe get it, Mona. You can FREAKING SING.\u201d [PAR] As any respectable PLL fan knows, Janel has some pipes. This would sort of come in handy since the whole production is a musical, yaknow? [PAR] 2. Oh, and she can dance. [PAR] Did you watch Janel on Dancing With The Stars ? She SLAYED. I don\u2019t know how much dancing this production will involve but whatever it is, she can handle it. [PAR] 3. She sort of looks like Rachel Bilson. [PAR] Dark hair, check. Cute little button nose, check. Petite stature, check. When you have someone so freakin\u2019 lovable playing the original version of the character, you should probably find someone pretty similar. [PAR] 4. It would make this show a convergence of the two best teen TV shows EVER. [PAR] The OC meets Pretty Little Liars? WHAT MORE COULD WE EVER WANT? [PAR] 5. She\u2019s already been on The OC. [PAR] Janel played a bit part (so did PLL stars Ashley Benson and Lucy Hale) but still \u2013 her familiarity with and ties to the show should count for something. [PAR] 6. She can play sneaky-smart. [PAR] Summer turned out to be super intelligent on The OC \u2013 Janel\u2019s work as secret genius Mona would definitely come in handy. [PAR] 7. She can also play the lovable bitch. [PAR] Summer started off as sort of a mean girl\u2026but Rachel\u2019s performance made her a total fan favorite. Jane has managed to make Mona so much more than just a villain on PLL. We need someone who can play layers for the role of Summer, and Janel has that ability. [PAR] 8. She has some involvement with the team that\u2019s bringing the production to the stage. [PAR] The OC musical is being produced by the same people that brought us the Cruel Intentions musical, which is running now. Janel happens to star in that production. Coincidence? I think not. [PAR] 9. She\u2019s been active in theater for a while now. [PAR] Janel has appeared in a lot of LA musicals while balancing her work on PLL, which means we wouldn\u2019t be losing her as Mona if she took on the role. [PAR] 10. It would give us a chance to see some season 1 Mona-type action. [PAR] I am all for Janel playing a character who is happy, popular and bubbly \u2013 this whole tortured-girl-in-a-blonde-wig thing needs to go."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Summer Solstice Traditions - History Lists Summer Solstice Traditions - History Lists [PAR] History Lists [PAR] June 18, 2013 By History.com Staff [PAR] Though a connection between the Celtic high priests and England's Stonehenge has never been reliably established, many people who identify as modern-day Druids still gather at the mighty monument every midsummer. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Google [PAR] For many bygone civilizations, the summer solstice\u2014the longest day of the year\u2014was endowed with great significance. People celebrated this special day, which falls in June in the northern hemisphere and is also known as midsummer, with festivals, celebrations and other observances, some of which still survive or have experienced a revival in modern times. [PAR] Ancient Greeks [PAR] According to certain iterations of the Greek calendar\u2014they varied widely by region and era\u2014the summer solstice was the first day of the year. Several festivals were held around this time, including Kronia, which celebrated the agriculture god Cronus. The strict social code was temporarily turned on its head during Kronia, with slaves participating in the merriment as equals or even being served by their masters. The summer solstice also marked the one-month countdown to the opening of the Olympic games. [PAR] Ancient Romans [PAR] In the days leading up to the summer solstice, ancient Romans celebrated the Vestalia festival, which paid tribute to Vesta, the goddess of the hearth. Rituals included the sacrifice of an unborn calf remove from its mother\u2019s womb. This was the only time of the year when married women were allowed to enter the sacred temple of the vestal virgins and make offerings to Vesta there. [PAR] Ancient Chinese [PAR] The ancient Chinese participated in a ceremony on the summer solstice to honor the earth, femininity and the force known as yin. It complemented the winter solstice ritual, which was devoted to the heavens, masculinity and yang. Ancient Northern and Central European Tribes Many Germanic, Slavic and Celtic pagans welcomed summer with bonfires, a tradition that is still enjoyed in Germany, Austria, Estonia and other countries. Some ancient tribes practiced a ritual in which couples would jump through the flames to predict how high that year\u2019s crops would grow. [PAR] Vikings [PAR] Midsummer was a crucial time of year for the Nordic seafarers, who would meet to discuss legal matters and resolve disputes around the summer solstice. They would also visit wells thought to have healing powers and build huge bonfires. Today, \u201cViking\u201d summer solstice celebrations are popular among both residents and tourists in Iceland. [PAR] Native Americans [PAR] Many Native American tribes took part in centuries-old midsummer rituals, some of which are still practiced today. The Sioux, for instance, performed a ceremonial sun dance around a tree while wearing symbolic colors. Some scholars believe that Wyoming\u2019s Bighorn medicine wheel, an arrangement of stones built several hundred years ago by the Plains Indians, aligns with the solstice sunrise and sunset, and was therefore the site of that culture\u2019s annual sun dance. [PAR] Maya and Aztecs [PAR] While not much is known of how exactly the mighty pre-Columbian civilizations of Central America celebrated midsummer, the ruins of their once-great cities indicate the great significance of that day. Temples, public buildings and other structures were often precisely aligned with the shadows cast by major astrological phenomena, particularly the summer and winter solstices. [PAR] Druids [PAR] The Celtic high priests known as the Druids likely led ritual celebrations during midsummer, but\u2014contrary to popular belief\u2014it is unlikely that these took place at Stonehenge, England\u2019s most famous megalithic stone circle. Still, people who identify as modern Druids continue to gather at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Volleyball Players Popular Beach and Indoor Athletes Famous Volleyball Players Popular Beach Volleyball Players and Indoor Greats [PAR] Famous Volleyball Players [PAR] Popular Beach and Indoor Athletes [PAR] Famous volleyball players Karch Kiraly, Misty May Treanor, Kerri Walsh, Logan Tom, and more. Wearing his hot pink hat, Karch Kiraly was an easily recognizable figure during his days playing volleyball on the beach. [PAR] Karch Kiraly has the most professional career beach volleyball tournament victories (148). [PAR] Karch Kiraly is the only volleyball player to win three gold medals (1984, 1988, 1996). [PAR] Karch Kiraly is known as the sparkplug that inspired the 1984 and 1988 USA Men\u0092s Olympic Volleyball Teams by playing outstanding volleyball and encouraging his teammates to play their best. [PAR] Karch Kiraly Playing Beach Volleyball in his Famous Pink Hat [PAR] Logan Tom [PAR] Logan Tom is a phenomenal athlete and one of the most dynamic volleyball players in the world. Logan Tom's impressive talent has made her one of the most famous volleyball players in the world today. [PAR] Logan Tom Playing Volleyball on the National Team [PAR] At 6 feet 1 inch tall, Logan Tom plays volleyball with strength , power, and grace. [PAR] Logan Tom was a four-time first-team All-American at Stanford. [PAR] Logan Tom was a two-time NCAA National Player of the Year. [PAR] Tom was MVP of the NCAA Final Four in 2001. [PAR] In the Sydney 2000 Olympics, at 19, Logan Tom was the youngest player on the National Team, yet she started for the team and placed fourth. [PAR] Logan Tom is an international superstar that has played professionally in Brazil, Italy and Switzerland. [PAR] Misty May-Treanor [PAR] Misty May-Treanor is arguably the best all-around skilled women\u0092s beach volleyball player ever to play the sport. [PAR] Misty May Treanor the Current All-Time Wins Leader [PAR] Misty May was voted the AVP Most Valuable Player in 2005, 2006, and 2007. [PAR] Misty May is currently the winningest Female Beach Volleyball Player of all time. [PAR] Misty May holds the world record for most consecutive beach tournament victories (15). [PAR] Misty May holds the world record for consecutive match victories (90). [PAR] Misty May Treanor is one of only three players to be named a two-time AVCA National Player of the Year. [PAR] Kerri Walsh-Jennings [PAR] Kerri Walsh currently partners with Misty May Treanor as the best women's beach volleyball team in the world and likely the two most famous volleyball players. [PAR] Kerri and Misty had an astonishing win streak of 38 matches in their first year on the AVP Tour. [PAR] Most wins in Women\u2019s Beach Volleyball history with 113 wins [PAR] Kerri and Misty had an unbelievable 89 match win streak on the AVP Tour and the international circuit between 2003 and 2004. [PAR] Kerri Walsh is a two-time AVP MVP (2003, 2004). [PAR] Kerri Walsh has lead the AVP in both blocks and hitting percentage the last two AVP seasons. [PAR] Steve Timmons [PAR] In the 80's, Steve Timmons wore a wild red flat top that made him the most identifiable indoor volleyball player in the world. [PAR] Steve Timmons was famous for his flat top 80's hair style [PAR] Considered a pioneer of back row hitting, Steve Timmons combined with his outstanding front row attacking skills made him an unstoppable force. [PAR] In 1984, Steve Timmons was named MVP of the Olympics by the FIVB after leading USA to a Gold medal. [PAR] Paula Weishoff [PAR] Paula Weishoff is one of only 4 USA women's volleyball players to compete in 3 different Olympics. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soleil - Meaning Of Soleil, What Does Soleil Mean? Soleil - Meaning Of Soleil, What Does Soleil Mean? [PAR] What does Soleil mean? [PAR] The name Soleil is of French origin. [PAR] The meaning of Soleil is \"sun\". [PAR] Soleil is generally used as a girl's name. [PAR] It consists of 6 letters and 3 syllables and is pronounced So-le-al. [PAR] The Given Name Soleil [PAR] The celestial name Soleil, has a wonderfully sweet quality. [PAR] A name fit for a child full of strength and distinction, a little explorer. [PAR] A creative name, that may be just right for you. [PAR] Soleil falls into the celestial name category. [PAR] Soleil Popularity [PAR] In the U.S. in 2015, it ranked 1,850 in baby name popularity for girls with 111 occurrences. Less than 5 boys were given the name. [PAR] In contrast, the year before it ranked 1,473 in baby name popularity for girls with 152 occurrences. Less than 5 boys were given the name. [PAR] The trend's your friend. See how Soleil has changed in popularity since 1880 by visiting the Soleil Name Popularity Page . [PAR] Soleil Related Names"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to Malaga and Costa del Sol - Costa Del Sol - M\u00e1laga Welcome to Malaga and Costa del Sol - Costa Del Sol - M\u00e1laga [PAR] Watch Video [PAR] Welcome to Malaga and Costa del Sol [PAR] Come to Malaga and its Costa del Sol, to discover a surprising paradise, some of the best beaches in Spain and a cultural and leisure offering to suit all tastes. Visit its charming white towns and villages, discover its natural surroundings and gastronomy. Discover its history through its cultural heritage, and take part in its customs and traditions. Live an unforgettable experience on the Costa del Sol, be it as part of a family, with friends, on your own or as part of a business trip. [PAR] Search & Book Accommodation[DOC] [TLE] Spain \u2013 Costa Del Sol - Destinations UNLIMITED Company - ITB DMC [PAR] ITB is one of the leading Destination Management Companies in Spain in the incentive and conference markets. In a country with four official languages and several dialects, it is important to have staffing that can guarantee expertise in the local areas. For that reason, we have offices in Barcelona (for eastern Spain and the Balearic Islands), Madrid (for the central and northern parts of the country) and Costa del Sol (for southern Spain and the Canary Islands). [PAR] Overview of Services: [PAR] We cover every aspect of organisation; from ground handling and transfers, to registration, hospitality desks, gala dinners and themed banquets. We manage the bookkeeping, project review and debriefing. [PAR] We have mastered the art of meeting management, thus ensuring that you will get the ideal venue, on-site inspections, speakers, support equipment and AV requirements. [PAR] We also understand the different aspects and requirements of incentives, for which our expertise is sought in this demanding type of business. [PAR] In addition, product launching is another important activity in our country. Our reputation in this field, particularly with car manufacturers is well known. [PAR] Mission Statement: [PAR] Our creative and innovative programmes have established our company as the #1 choice for many demanding major European and American companies. Since 1984, our main purpose has been helping our clients to reach their targets. [PAR] The very high, demanding standards that we require for our suppliers, even in the smallest of details, assures the success of your project. Let us help you as well. [PAR] [PAR] Destination [PAR] Costa del Sol is part of the Andaluc\u00eda region in Spain; one of the richest regions and with a very strong personality. It depicts the main image of Spain, as everything you can imagine about Spain, you will find it in this region. Costa del Sol is well known because of its marvellous beaches and beautiful little towns, both around the coast and further inland. [PAR] Malaga is the main city of this area. It is the birth place of the famous artist Picasso and is also famous due to its restaurants specialising in tapas. [PAR] [PAR] DMC Programme Ideas [PAR] DAY ONE [PAR] On arrival at Malaga Airport, you will be met airside by a representative of ITB dmc who will help you through the formalities and will arrange porters for your group. Depending on arrival time enjoy a cocktail reception at the Hotel. [PAR] In the evening, suggested welcome dinner in one of the many fantastic restaurants in the Marbella area; for this evening we would suggest Tikitano Restaurant. Nestling at the water's edge between the elegant towns of Cabo Bermejo and Torre Bermeja is the New Golden Mile's latest addition. Beautifully constructed in Polynesian style with"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] With \u2018Iron Man,\u2019 Robert Downey Jr. Winks at His Past and ... With \u2018Iron Man,\u2019 Robert Downey Jr. Winks at His Past and Looks to Transcend It - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Movies |Been Up, Been Down. Now? Super. [PAR] Search [PAR] Robert Downey Jr. in \"Iron Man.\" Credit Industrial Light & Magic/Paramount Pictures [PAR] LOS ANGELES [PAR] LOOK at him standing there, a great big movie star in a great big movie, the Iron Man with nary a trace of human frailty. A scant five years ago the only time you saw Robert Downey Jr. getting big play in your newspaper came when he was on a perp walk. [PAR] Yet when it came time for Marvel Studios to cast the lead for a huge franchise film, \u201cIron Man,\u201d it bet on Mr. Downey. He is not only back in the game but at the top of it. Is this a great country or what? [PAR] For years Mr. Downey has been tagged with two shorthand references: \u201cThe greatest actor of his generation\u201d (for his Oscar-nominated role in \u201cChaplin\u201d ) was usually quickly followed by \u201cdrug-addled lowlife\u201d (based on multiple arrests and relapses). When it comes to that duality Mr. Downey is elliptical, but there is no mistaking that beneath all that allegorical talk there is the beating heart of a ferociously ambitious actor. Now sober, highly productive (he\u2019ll be in Ben Stiller\u2019s \u201cTropic Thunder\u201d this summer) and very much engaged as he sits in his home at the end of a cul-de-sac in Brentwood, Mr. Downey seems less surprised than the rest of us. [PAR] \u201cThe people who made this movie said they were going to screen-test some people, and I thought: \u2018Well, that\u2019s how I got \u201cChaplin.\u201d Maybe this will work again,\u2019 \u201d he said. \u201cIf you\u2019re going to spend a hundred million bucks on a movie, why not see who works?\u201d [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] It doesn\u2019t take much more than a viewing of the \u201cIron Man\u201d trailer to sense that Mr. Downey walked on the set and said, \u201cYeah, I got this.\u201d And there is a sincere logic behind his casting in this estimated $130 million movie, scheduled to open May 2. The back story of genius-inventor-billionaire-arms dealer Tony Stark is plenty textured: he likes big weapons and fast women and seems to have misplaced his conscience, so it makes sense that the man who steps into both his suit of armor and his role as superhero has manifest feet of clay. After a life of squandered promise spreading mayhem everywhere, our hero has a near-death experience and finds within himself the angel of his better nature. Ring any bells? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] \u201cThere are things we know about just from reading the newspaper,\u201d said Jeff Bridges, who plays a surprisingly affable villain to Mr. Downey\u2019s superhero. \u201cHe doesn\u2019t have to do anything to make it happen. The audience brings that darker part of the story into the theater. And his wit and improvisation bring it home.\u201d [PAR] Jon Favreau, the writer of \u201cSwingers\u201d and the director of \u201cElf\u201d and now \u201cIron Man,\u201d said that casting Mr. Downey was far from a source of stress. [PAR] \u201cNobody went to see a movie about the pirate ride at Disneyland,\u201d Mr. Favreau said by phone. \u201cThey got interested in it because of Johnny Depp. When Robert was cast in \u2018Iron Man,\u2019 it was as if a weight had been lifted off my shoulders. He was not the obvious choice, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Espadrille Wedges For Summer | POPSUGAR Fashion Espadrille Wedges For Summer | POPSUGAR Fashion [PAR] Espadrille Wedges For Summer [PAR] The New Shoe of Summer Is a Throwback You Haven't Thought of in Years [PAR] July 4, 2016 [PAR] Share This Link [PAR] Copy [PAR] What\u2019s Your Reaction? Thanks for your reaction Don\u2019t forget to share this with your friends! [PAR] \u2190 Use Arrows Keys \u2192 [PAR] 1 [PAR] The New Shoe of Summer Is a Throwback You Haven't Thought of in Years [PAR] Warning: you're about to become obsessed with the espadrille wedge. The light look of a linen upper, the soft ribbon that wraps gently around the ankle, a weaved platform that perfectly cradles your foot \u2014 these are the qualities of a great Summer shoe . And brands like Casta\u00f1er and Soludos are some of the fashion set's favorites. [PAR] But it's the ways the It girls wear these shoes that make them so attractive. They look equally cool with a graphic tee and denim shorts as they do with a flouncy maxi dress. They bring a bit of romance to your outfit, and one pair will take you from midmorning errands to the evening party. Read on for a few smart styling tricks, then shop the best designs available now. [PAR] Related:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Football Club Guide - London Net - The Guide to ... London Football Club Guide [PAR] London Football Club Guide [PAR] Football Clubs A to Z [PAR] From Arsenal to Wycombe Wanderers [PAR] Other London Clubs [PAR] Barnet [PAR] Former owner Stan Flashman, a famous ticket tout, stumped up the cash that helped the Bees gain league status in 1991. Now Stan has gone, the money is tight and Barnet have blown the chance to climb into the Second Division this season. [PAR] Ground: Underhill [PAR] Brentford [PAR] Despite being famous for having the only ground in the country (the world?) with a pub on each corner, Brentford have been deprived of glory for many a year. The Bees heyday was the 1940s and many of the club's distinctly aged crowd remember the era well. Still, promotion is on this year, cor lummey. [PAR] Ground: Griffin Park [PAR] Crystal Palace [PAR] One of the country's top yo-yo clubs, Palace find it tricky sticking to any one division, having been up to the Premiership and down again twice in the last five years. Two years ago Palace missed out on promotion to the last kick - an opposition goal - in a play-off final, last season they scored in the final seconds of the final to enter the big boys once more. [PAR] This season they are once more struggling despite the services of Juventus duo, Lombardo and Padavano. [PAR] Ground: Selhurst Park (Wimbledon are tenants) [PAR] Nickname: Eagles [PAR] Leyton Orient [PAR] Exotic sounding name belies a very nuts and bolts club, recently bought by snooker impresario Barry Hearn. Beached in mid-table, the O's must wait until next season to reap the benefits of Hearn's self-proclaimed organisational genius. [PAR] Ground: Brisbane Road [PAR] Nickname: O's [PAR] Luton Town [PAR] Little Luton were forever in the headlines in the 1980s. The Hatters were the first club to install a plastic pitch, the first club to ban away fans, and the first celebrate when they beat mighty Arsenal in the League Cup Final of 1988. They've ripped up the plastic and let in visiting supporters since then, but have slipped down the divisions as well. A return to the First Division looks on for this next season. [PAR] Ground: Kenilworth Road [PAR] Nickname: Hatters [PAR] Millwall [PAR] Now being run by evil sounding 'financial administrators', the Lions are paying the heavy price of building a brand, spanking new stadium a couple of years ago on the hope they would reach the Premiership. Instead they reached the second division and now face a bleak future. Ground: The New Den [PAR] Nickname: Lions [PAR] Queen's Park Rangers [PAR] Constantly fighting for breathing space with their powerful neighbours (Chelsea to the west, Tottenham to the northeast) Rangers periodically emerge from the shadows with a brand of pretty football that has admirers, like those from the nearby BBC TV centre, cooing. The Superhoops are now backed by media mogul Chris Wright and his money should see QPR reach the Premiership next season. [PAR] Ground: Loftus Road [PAR] Watford [PAR] Watford came to everyone's notice in the 1980s when Elton John's money and Graham Taylor's long ball game combined to send the Hornets from bottom to top divison in half a decade. Both men left the club but two years ago came back and have repeated history to take this most unfashionable of clubs back to the top flight. [PAR] Wimbledon [PAR] Johnny-come-latelys who have managed to stay in the top flight for a decade, despite existing on crowds of fewer than 10,000 and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The day Trevor Francis broke football's \u00a31m mark - Telegraph The day Trevor Francis broke football's \u00a31m mark - Telegraph [PAR] Nottingham Forest [PAR] The day Trevor Francis broke football's \u00a31m mark [PAR] A million-pound fee for a footballer is not much of a story these days. Premier League clubs made 26 such signings in the January transfer window alone. [PAR] Marked man: Trevor Francis with his wife, Helen, and Nottingham Forest manager Brian Clough at the City Ground after becoming Britain's most expensive player Photo: PA [PAR] By Simon Briggs [PAR] 7:30AM GMT 09 Feb 2009 [PAR] But when Trevor Francis became the first British player to break the seven-figure barrier, 30 years ago on Monday, it felt like the sporting equivalent of putting a man on the Moon. Nottingham Forest supplied the payment to Birmingham City. [PAR] Their initial outlay of \u00a3950,000 spiralled to \u00a31.18 million with the addition of VAT and other sundries, though Brian Clough always claimed that the real figure was \u00a3999,999, out of concern for his new signing's state of mind. [PAR] He was right to be worried: Francis is still remembered as the man who went for a million, yet never quite lived up to his billing. [PAR] Technically, the deal was not a world record. Two Italian strikers \u2013 Giuseppe Savoldi and Paolo Rossi \u2013 had already cleared the two billion lire mark, which equated to well in excess of \u00a31 million. [PAR] But Serie A was not then so well known in Britain as it is today, and the reporters who gathered around the signing ceremony on Feb 9, 1979, had a breathless sense of history in the making. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Delivering the goods [PAR] 08 Feb 2009 [PAR] Clough, typically, put his own spin on events. He turned up in a bright red sports jacket, and with a squash racket in his hand, as if to suggest that his social life was far more important than this minor business formality. [PAR] His comments were perfunctory, and not especially complimentary, in true 'Ol' Big 'Ead' fashion. Before Francis's debut, Clough instructed him to \"just give the ball to John Robertson \u2013 he's a better player than you\". [PAR] Francis, not surprisingly, felt bemused by his lukewarm welcome. \"When I signed for Forest, they said provocatively to the press that they thought I had great potential!\" he would recall. [PAR] \"And they had just paid a million for me. I thought to myself, well, what can they get out of me that no one else has got?\" [PAR] The question was never fully answered. Francis went some way towards repaying Forest's investment when he broke through Malmo's tenacious defence with a diving header to win the 1979 European Cup final. [PAR] But Clough and his assistant Peter Taylor could never quite agree where Francis should play: up front with his back to goal, or breaking forward from the right side of midfield. In the end, the million-pound misfit was shuffled on to Manchester City for another hefty sum. [PAR] Francis was not alone in labouring under the weight of his giant price-tag, as the accompanying list should make clear. Those whom the gods wish to destroy, they sell for a record transfer fee. [PAR] Take Ian Rush's \u00a33.2 million move to Juventus in 1987, which lasted just over a year, and spawned the deathless quote \"It was like living in a foreign country.\" [PAR] Rush was thrown off balance by the warm embraces of the Juventus fans, and the equally intimate attentions of the local defenders. He suffered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blackburn didn't buy the Premier League title in 1995 ... Blackburn didn't buy the Premier League title in 1995 \u2013 they earned it | Football | The Guardian [PAR] When Saturday Comes [PAR] Blackburn didn't buy the Premier League title in 1995 \u2013 they earned it [PAR] Jack Walker's wealth helped Kenny Dalglish, but Rovers spent less money than Manchester United and their other challengers [PAR] Alan Shearer celebrates winning the Premier League title on 14 May 1995 after Blackburn lose 2-1 to Liverpool at Anfield. Photograph: Getty Images [PAR] Jimmy Pierce for When Saturday Comes, part of the Guardian Sport Network [PAR] Wednesday 23 October 2013 05.14 EDT [PAR] First published on Wednesday 23 October 2013 05.14 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Ask anyone to summarise how Blackburn managed to win their first League title for 81 years and they will undoubtedly recall Jack Walker's wealth, Alan Shearer's goals and his SAS partnership with Chris Sutton \u2013 probably in that order. [PAR] A quick internet search generates season reviews which invariably but frustratingly convey the message that \"moneybags\" Blackburn \"bought their way to the title\". While Rovers owe a huge debt of gratitude to their generous benefactor, which their fans continue to vociferously acknowledge, the emphasis on money is unjust and the assertion that they only won the league because of it is ignorant of the facts and holds no weight. [PAR] To win a league, a team must invest in playing staff. Rovers admittedly spent a considerable amount on their strike force, twice breaking the British transfer record and parting with \u00a38.3 million, while also signing Tim Flowers in a record deal for a goalkeeper. However, in terms of financial outlay on the first team that won the league, that is just about it. [PAR] There is a mistaken assumption that the club also spent heavily on Graeme Le Saux, Colin Hendry and captain Tim Sherwood, perhaps because they became indispensable so quickly and were sold on for big profit. In fact, all three were acquired on the cheap: Hendry for \u00a3700,000, the same price the club sold him for two years earlier; Le Saux, who was out of favour at Chelsea, for around the same and Sherwood from Norwich City for a mere \u00a3400,000. [PAR] However, based on calculations of the reported transfer fees for the roughly first choice starting XIs of both clubs in the 1994-95 season (taking into account injuries and long-term suspension), Rovers spent far less than the incumbent champions, Manchester United . Peter Schmeichel, Denis Irwin, Steve Bruce, Gary Pallister, Andrei Kanchelskis, Paul Ince, Roy Keane, Ryan Giggs, Brian McClair, Mark Hughes and Andy Cole cost \u00a319.33m. [PAR] Whereas Flowers, Henning Berg, Hendry, Ian Pearce, Le Saux, Stuart Ripley, Mark Atkins, Sherwood, Jason Wilcox, Shearer and Sutton set Rovers back a comparatively low \u00a314.7m. Given that these squads \u2013 in particular United's \u2013 took years to assemble, perhaps a fairer assessment would be to look at the 1994-95 spend in isolation. Even on this basis, United's outlay exceeded their rivals'. [PAR] Comparisons with other clubs are also favourable. Blackburn's entire back four cost less than Newcastle paid for Darren Peacock and less than half of the sum required to bring Phil Babb and John Scales to Liverpool. In Carlton Palmer, Leeds United spent more on a single midfielder than Rovers did across their starting midfield four \u2013 illustrating that Rovers' spending was largely limited to their front two and not wasted unlike so many others. [PAR] How Blackburn happened to accidentally hoodwink so many into believing this \"bought"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stan Collymore - Liverpool FC Stan Collymore - Liverpool FC [PAR] Stan Collymore [PAR] Profile [PAR] [PAR] Stan Collymore joined Liverpool for a club record \u00a38.5 million in the summer of 1995 and scored on his debut with a sensational strike against Sheffield Wednesday at Anfield. [PAR] The much sought after player was considered to be a major coup when Roy Evans beat off competition to sign him. [PAR] Earlier in his career Collymore was rejected both at Walsall and Wolves before given a chance with Conference club Stafford Rangers. He was sold to Crystal Palace for \u00a3100,000 in 1990. Two years later, 20 games and one goal later he was on his way to Southend for \u00a380,000. He found his scoring form and managed 18 goals in 33 games. [PAR] In 1993, Nottingham Forest coughed up \u00a32.2million for his services. He was a tremendous success at Forest, scoring 19 goals in 28 league games in the First division as Forest were promoted. A huge asking price was put on his head, which frightened off potiental buyers like Manchester United, who bought Andy Cole instead. [PAR] Forest enjoyed a great first season in the Premiership and Collymore scored no less than 22 league goals. Forest ended the season in 3rd place. In the summer of 1995 he made his England debut and a month later he had joined Liverpool for a British record of \u00a38.5million. [PAR] Fowler and Collymore immediately hit it off as a partnership, scoring a combined total of 55 goals in the 1995-96 season. Collymore scored the winning goal into injury time in a memorable 4-3 victory over Newcastle, voted as the highlight in 10-year Premiership history on SKY Sports. Collymore and Fowler scored 47 goals in their second season. [PAR] In 1997 following the emergence of Michael Owen to first team stardom Stan the man was sold to his boyhood team Asto Villa in a \u00a37 million deal. [PAR] Other Clubs:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FILBERT STREET - filbertway.com tcf - filbertway - leicester city fc [PAR] tcf - filbertway [PAR] Leicester City Stadium, Filbert Street [PAR] Location [PAR] 47 298, 1928 v. Tottenham, FA Cup [PAR] Field Size [PAR] HISTORY [PAR] Early Years [PAR] Leicester City was formed in 1884, the club was then named Leicester Fosse, as it founders mostly lived in the west end of the city, through which the Fosse Way ran. In the starting days they played at a ground named The Racecourse, before sharing Victoria Park with Leicester Tigers, the rugby club. City played at Victoria Park for two years before moving to the The Belgrave Road Cycle Track. [PAR] Leicester Fosse became a professional club in 1889 and laid out its own ground at Mill Lane, just north of Filbert Street. The club was soon forced to move, however, as the local corporation requested the land for development. Filbert Street were prepared in 1891, while Fosse played at Aylestone Road Cricket Ground. [PAR] The ground initially consisted of natural earth banks and a small main stand on the west side, until 1921 when a much larger mainstand were build. In 1927 a new stand were build mainly known as the Spion Kop, and became known as \"The Double Decker\". The stadium was in this form when the record attandance of 47 298 were inside for the FA Cup tie v. Tottenham on 18 of February 1928. [PAR] 2nd world war and after [PAR] The middle section of the stand suffered a bomb demage in 1940, and was later further demaged by a serious fire. The stadium was fully rebuild in 1949, and ironically rebuild by German POWs at a nearby camp. The grounds maximum capacity was now in the area of 42 000. Floodlights were installed in 1957, first match was a friendly against german side Borussia Dortmund. [PAR] After just surviving a council vote to terminate their lease at late 1940, the club purchased the freehold of the ground in 1962, paying the sum of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 30 500. In 1971 the move towards an all seated stadium was started as the north and the east side of the stadium were converted to seating. For years later 20 executive boxes were build at the ground. [PAR] A pioneering polythene tent cover was introduced in the same period. The Air Dome covered an area of 90 000 square feet, weighed 24 cwt and took 45 two hours to cover the ground. The Air Dome was removed in 1982. [PAR] All seater stadium, move and demolition [PAR] Talk of moving to a new and modern stadium had been there since the early 70's, but it remained just plans going into the 90's. City instead build a totally new stand, starting in 1992 and finishing the build work in 1993. The Carling Stand held 9 500 seated spectators and expanded coorperate facillities, costing \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 6 million. [PAR] Following the success under the management of Martin O'Neill in the late 90's, plans became concrete and a move away from Filbert Street became a reaillity in 2002. The new stadium known as The Walkers Stadium and later being changed to King Power, was a major lift of quality both for players. staff, business and fans. but times became difficult regarding City as a football club. [PAR] Today not much has happened at the premises of Filbert Street, you will find the Lineker road who is close to the former ground. The \"Filbert Village\" was build, but the rest of the place is not used at all, and just laying as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] A selection of the weird and wonderful club nicknames in world soccer [PAR] Juventus' nickname reflects a long and successful history. Valerio Pennicino / Getty Images [PAR] By Stewart Coggin [PAR] Updated April 23, 2016. [PAR] The origins of some soccer club nicknames are fascinating, often unique to a certain area or moment in history. It is common for clubs to have a variety of nicknames, but here are 10 of the most interesting ones. [PAR] Arsenal (the Gunners) [PAR] The club was formed in 1886 by workers at Woolwich Arsenal Armament Factory. Initially called Dial Square, the club would be renamed as Woolwich Arsenal before dropping the prefix in 1913. The connection to the Armament Factory remained despite the club moving to north London, and they are still known as the Gunners. [PAR] River Plate (millionaires) [PAR] The Argentinean giants became known as Los Millionaros (millionaires) after they moved from Boca, a working class district of Buenos Aires to a wealthier area in 1938. [PAR] The Spanish club are known as Los Colchoneros (the mattress makers) because their shirts resemble a traditional pattern on Spanish mattresses. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Fastest Miles Ever Run [PAR] Everton (the Toffees or Toffeemen) [PAR] There are several explanations for the origin of this moniker. Some believe it hails from a toffee shop near the ground which sold the Everton Mint, while another explanation is that \u2018Toffees\u2019 was a nickname for the Irish, of whom there were many in Liverpool. [PAR] FC Koln (billy goats) [PAR] The club were founded in one of the working class districts of the Rhineland city, and goat is a derogatory name for the poor. Geissbock (billy goat) stuck and Koln still parade a mascot goat called Hennes \u2013 after former coach Hennes Weisweiler \u2013 before every home match. [PAR] Nimes (the Crocodiles) [PAR] The emblem of the French city is a crocodile tied to a palm tree. Nimes was once a favorite resting place of Roman soldiers who had conquered Egypt (the crocodile stands for Egypt and the palm symbolizes victory). The shirt has a crocodile graphic on the body. [PAR] Ipswich Town (the Tractor Boys) [PAR] The English club are widely known as the \u2018Blues\u2019 or \u2018Town\u2019, but acquired a new nickname during their first appearance in the Premier League. Ipswich are called The Tractor Boys because of the agricultural links to the area. When they played Birmingham City, the opposition fans sang \u201cno noise from the Tractor Boys\u201d during a routine win, and soon their own supporters began using the name to refer to themselves as they jovially highlighted the club\u2019s lack of glamor compared to their more illustrious opponents. [PAR] Galatasaray (Cim Bom Bom) [PAR] The Turkish club, set up by students of a French high school, went on tour to Switzerland in the early 1900s where they learnt a Swiss song called Jim Bom Bom. Once they returned home it got lost in translation. [PAR] Olympiakos (legend) [PAR] The Greek outfit became known as Thrylos (legend) after a successful run in the 1930s which garnered six league titles. For a spell, the side featured a forward line made up exclusively of the five Andrianopoulos brothers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Portsmouth sack Paul Hart as manager | Football | The Guardian Portsmouth sack Paul Hart as manager | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Portsmouth sack Paul Hart as manager [PAR] \u2022 First-team coaches to lead side until replacement is announced [PAR] \u2022 Director of football Avram Grant not consulted over decision [PAR] Paul Hart has 'been relieved of his duties' as manager of Portsmouth by the club board. Photograph: Anthony Devlin/PA [PAR] Tuesday 24 November 2009 13.11 EST [PAR] First published on Tuesday 24 November 2009 13.11 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 7 years old [PAR] Portsmouth have announced tonight that Paul Hart has \"been relieved of his duties\" as first-team manager, with the club bottom of the Premier League after taking only seven points from 13 matches. [PAR] They were beaten 1-0 at Stoke City on Sunday and are four points adrift of safety, with Manchester United their next opponents this weekend. [PAR] A statement on the Portsmouth club website said the decision \"has been made reluctantly by the board and is based on results\". [PAR] \"Paul was offered the role of technical director, developing players from the ages of 18-21, but declined the position,\" the club said. [PAR] \"The club plans to announce a replacement very quickly and until that time the players will be led by first-team coaches Paul Groves and Ian Woan.\" [PAR] Although Avram Grant, the director of football, would appear ideally placed to become Hart's permanent successor, the Guardian understands that the Israeli is in Germany and was not consulted over the decision to sack the manager. He also does not yet have his work permit. [PAR] The Portsmouth chief executive, Peter Storrie, said: \"Paul has worked under very difficult circumstances with the financial restrictions the club has faced since he took over. [PAR] \"However, the board feels that the team should have accrued more points to date and that we need a new man in charge to ensure Premier League survival. [PAR] \"The board would like to thank Paul for his work not only in keeping the club in the Premier League last season but also for his time in charge of youth development. [PAR] \"Paul is a man of great dignity and we hoped he would stay and help us develop younger players on the fringes of the first team. We are genuinely sad to see him leave. Everyone at the club wishes him well for the future.\" [PAR] Hart was Portsmouth's director of youth operations until he took over from the former manager Tony Adams in February this year, initially as caretaker. [PAR] Hart was named as the club's full-time manager in July after the team had avoided relegation, but they began this season with seven successive league defeats. [PAR] Mark Jacob, the club's executive director, told Portsmouth's local paper, the News: \"There had been talks ongoing [about Hart's position] for the last couple of weeks. We can't continue to be unlucky in games which quite clearly we have been on top of. [PAR] \"We clearly should have got a result at Stoke. There was a certain inevitability about it. It is disappointing because Paul is a very honourable man and he has done phenomenally well at the club, especially with the young players.\" [PAR] He added: \"There is no timescale for the appointment at this stage but obviously we want somebody in as soon as possible. There will now be discussions between the board and the owner to discuss that. [PAR] \"We don't want a knee-jerk reaction to this in terms of the next appointment. We"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Essien: \u2018Jos\u00e9 Mourinho has a big ego but in a good ... Michael Essien: \u2018Jos\u00e9 Mourinho has a big ego but in a good way\u2019 | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Chelsea [PAR] Michael Essien: \u2018Jos\u00e9 Mourinho has a big ego but in a good way\u2019 [PAR] The Ghanaian midfielder tips Radamel Falcao to find his best form at Chelsea under the manager\u2019s guidance while he himself beds in at Panathinaikos [PAR] Michael Essien\u2019s foundation has teamed up with Penguin to distribute Ladybird books featuring footballers delivering educational messages about how to prevent the spread of Ebola. Photograph: Martin Godwin for the Guardian [PAR] Thursday 23 July 2015 07.28 EDT [PAR] First published on Thursday 23 July 2015 05.00 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Among a select group of players to be signed by Jos\u00e9 Mourinho not once but twice Michael Essien has an insight into what makes the Chelsea manager tick and he has backed him to succeed where Louis van Gaal failed in coaxing Radamel Falcao back to his best. [PAR] The former Chelsea and Real Madrid midfielder, whose muscular box-to-box style was synonymous with Mourinho\u2019s first spell at Stamford Bridge, can sum up his genius in a single word: \u201cEgo\u201d. In the best possible sense of the word, you understand. [PAR] \u201cWe had a great group of players with a manager who was always behind us and kept pushing us,\u201d recalls the softly spoken Ghanaian who spent eight seasons with Chelsea including loan spells at Real Madrid and Milan. [PAR] Chelsea concede four second-half goals in defeat to New York Red Bulls [PAR] Read more [PAR] \u201cWe had players with big egos and big characters but at the same time they were good men as well. Mourinho has a big ego as well \u2013 but in a good way. It was easy for him to manage those kind of players. He is still the same man. He\u2019s still tough.\u201d [PAR] The Portuguese, he says, has the rare knack of being able to zero in on the right motivation for each player. And, he predicts, Mourinho will do the same for Falcao , the Colombia striker who was so deadly before his knee injury in January last year, so disappointing since. \u201cHe knows how to get the best out of his players, how to say the right thing, how to motivate them. He will get him back to the Falcao everybody knows.\u201d [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Michael Essien shakes hands with Jos\u00e9 Mourinho after joining Chelsea in 2005. They later worked together at Real Madrid. Photograph: Paul Childs/Action Images [PAR] When Mourinho took Essien on loan to Real Madrid , calling him on the team coach when he was on his way to play for Chelsea in the 2012 Super Cup, there was only one possible response. He was in Madrid the following day. [PAR] \u201cIf you have a manager who knows you and he is at one of the greatest clubs in the world, of course you say yes. I went on loan to the biggest club in the world.\u201d [PAR] Essien, shy off the pitch despite his dominating presence among those big names at Stamford Bridge and the Bernab\u00e9u, retains a house near Chelsea\u2019s training ground in Cobham but recently signed for Panathinaikos . [PAR] Despite the wider economic malaise facing Greece he was afforded a traditionally ebullient welcome, accompanied by celebrating crowds and firecrackers, when he pitched up to put pen to paper at 1am. \u201cI\u2019m not a difficult person. I just want to enjoy my football until I hang"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Naturalist who brought Animal Magic to millions - BBC News BBC News | Obituaries | Naturalist who brought Animal Magic to millions [PAR] Thursday, May 6, 1999 Published at 20:48 GMT 21:48 UK [PAR] Obituaries [PAR] Naturalist who brought Animal Magic to millions [PAR] Johnny Morris: Delighted generations of children [PAR] Johnny Morris, man of many voices, reporter, entertainer, was probably best known as the star of the television programme Animal Magic, which ran for 21 years and more than 400 editions. [PAR] The BBC's Nick Higham looks back at the life of Johnny Morris [PAR] Two generations of children were captivated by Johnny Morris's rapport with the show's animal stars including, most memorably, Dottie the ring-tailed lemur. [PAR] As the presenter he adopted the persona of a keeper at Bristol Zoo and created a startling range of voices for each of the zoo's animals. [PAR] The Hot Chestnut Man [PAR] He was also known for his many travel programmes, including Johnny's Jaunts on radio and television, Around the World in 25 Years on radio, and a television series, Oh To Be in England, in which he joined parties of tourists. [PAR] Johnny Morris was born in Newport, Gwent, in 1916. His first job was in a solicitor's office with a pay of 10 shillings a week. After spells as a timekeeper on a building site and a salesman, he eventually became the manager of a farm in Wiltshire, where his interest in animals developed further. [PAR] His first broadcast was in 1946, and before long he had a regular radio show, Pass the Salt, broadcast from the BBC's West Region. [PAR] Later he presented various travel programmes on radio and television. The television ones were always filmed without sound. Johnny Morris gave a perky, crisp commentary, and provided the supposed voices of the people shown. [PAR] His faithful companion was Tubby Foster - actually his producer Brian Patten. Together they went all over the world - to the Pacific, South America and, nearer home, down the Rhine and to France. [PAR] As the Hot Chestnut Man in the 1950s he brought to television the considerable narrative skills he had honed in radio. When he turned them to zoology, he transformed what had been a remote subject into one of TV's most popular genres. [PAR] He was always at ease with animals [PAR] Other series followed, and he was soon in great demand for his narration skills too, on shows like Tales of the Riverbank. Morris said he learned as much from animals as about them. [PAR] Morris practised what he preached. Even in his eighties he was to be found demonstrating against the building of the Newbury by-pass near his home. [PAR] Animal Magic was dropped in 1984, when the idea of giving animals human qualities fell out of favour. Afterwards, Morris said that he was not really sad about it. [PAR] But he did not like the way the \"whizzkids\" were now running things and the fact that everyone was expected to have official qualifications. [PAR] He had none, indeed he claimed to have a mental age of seven, which was why, he believed, he could relate to children so well."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Trumptonshire Web - Camberwick Green The Trumptonshire Web - Camberwick Green [PAR] Camberwick Green [PAR] Camberwick Green characters, songs and trivia [PAR] Songs by Gordon Murray and Freddie Phillips [PAR] Here is a box... (98k sound file) [PAR] \"Here is a box, a musical box, wound up and ready to play. But this box can hide a secret inside. Can you guess what is in it today ?\" [PAR] And out of the box would rise the episode's star character. The background would then appear and the story would begin. [PAR] Camberwick Green was a small village near Trumpton. As its name implies it was a green, surrounded by shops, including a fishmongers, bakers and post office. Nearby was Colley's Mill, Pippin Fort and Jonathon Bell's Farm [PAR] [PAR] Mickey Murphy the baker, Mrs Murphy, children Paddy and Mary [PAR] Mickey lives on Camberwick Green and sells delicious walnut cakes at 5 shillings each. [PAR] \"Mr Murphy the Baker\" [PAR] Mr Murphy is a master baker, Pudding pies and pastry maker, Biscuits buns or birthday cake, Everything is marvellous that Murphy makes. [PAR] \"Driving Along\" (in a baker's van) [PAR] Driving along with the bakers man, In a rackety, tackety baker's van. Each loaf and cake the bakers bake, Will roll and shake, As our rounds we make. With the baker man, In the baker's van The rackety tackety baker's van. [PAR] From the \"Roger Varley episode\": [PAR] Driving along in a baker's van, In a rackety tackety baker's van. Away to the mill, Our buckets to fill. Who cares if it spill ? We know that it will, In the baker's van, With the bakers man, In the rackety, tackety baker's van. [PAR] From the \"Paddy Murphy\" episode: [PAR] Whizzing along on my roller skates, On my rumbling tumbling roller skates The people say Get out of the way, And don't delay, He's at work today On his roller skates, On his bowler skates His rumbling tumbling roller skates. [PAR] Windy Miller [PAR] Windy lives at Colley's Mill, which is just outside Camberwick Green. The railway runs nearby. Windy makes home brew cider, and whittles wood. When going into or out of his windmill he amazingly always manages to miss the sails. Windy is rather old fashioned and very superstitious - he believes in whistling for the wind, and touching a sweeep's collar for luck. He keeps a cow for milk, and free range chickens for eggs. He is referred to as \"Mr. Miller\" on several occasions. [PAR] \"Windy Miller\" [PAR] Windy Miller, Windy Miller sharper than a thorn, Like a mouse he's spry and nimble when he grinds the corn. Like a bird he'll watch the wind and listen for the sound, Which says he has the wind he needs to make the sails go round. [PAR] The windmill turning (51k sound file) [PAR] Farmer Bell (and Mrs Bell) [PAR] Jonathon Bell works on the farm along with his farm hands. He believes in having the most modern equipment available - his favourite being his forklift. The main produce of the farm appears to be eggs and milk. [PAR] \"Jonathon Bell, the Farmer\" [PAR] A go ahead farmer is Jonathon Bell Who works his farm and he works it well He doesn't hold much with the good old days. In modern times use modern ways. Electric mechanical all that is new Which does the work that men used to do. He swears by it all and he proves it too On his modern mechanical farm. [PAR] Digger song: [PAR] For jobs that are big, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rentaghost (TV Series 1976\u20131984) - IMDb Rentaghost (TV Series 1976\u20131984) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Harold and Ethel Meaker live in South Ealing and run 'Rentaghost' where they rent ghosts out to the public. Over the years many ghosts came and went but the main Rentaghost crew consisted ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 110 titles [PAR] created 13 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 23 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 2127 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 352 titles [PAR] created 19 Apr 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Rentaghost \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] The long running television series of the Grange Hill Comprehensive School, and the children's everyday lives. [PAR] Stars: Stuart Organ, Gwyneth Powell, Lee Cornes [PAR] A melancholic children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. Bagpuss and his friends are toys in a turn of the century shop for 'found things'. When young Emily ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Oliver Postgate, Sandra Kerr, John Faulkner [PAR] Popular British children's animation series, repeated almost constantly since 1971. Mr Benn is the ordinary, bowler-hatted office worker who lives in the ordinary suburban street of Festive... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ray Brooks [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.6/10 X [PAR] A sequel, of sorts, to Camberwick Green but set in the larger, nearby town of Trumpton. Each episode opens with the town hall clock and ends with the fire brigade band playing. Every show tells the story of one of the townsfolk. [PAR] Stars: Brian Cant [PAR] Children's puppet programme featuring music and stories. [PAR] Stars: Geoffrey Hayes, Roy Skelton, Stanley Bates [PAR] The true story of Sherwood Forest is finally revealed: Robin was a cowardly tailor from Kensington, and Marian was the brains behind the Merry Men. With her ruthless band of freedom ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Kate Lonergan, Adam Morris, Danny John-Jules [PAR] Charming finger puppet series with Yoffy (Jones) telling stories featuring Fingermouse, Scampi, Gulliver the Seagull, and other animal characters. [PAR] Stars: Rick Jones [PAR] When Jamie shines his Magic Torch on the floor of his bedroom a hole appears, leading Jamie and Wordsworth the sheepdog to the psychedelic fantasy world of Cuckooland. [PAR] Stars: Brian Trueman, Kate Murray-Henderson [PAR] In 17th century France, young Dogtanian travels to Paris to fulfill his ambition to become one of the King's Musketeers. He befriends Athos, Porthos and Aramis and falls in love with Juliette. A doggy version of the tale. [PAR] Stars: Eduardo Jover, Gloria C\u00e1mara, Manuel Peir\u00f3 [PAR] Stupid, but well-meaning and super-strong super-hero, Bananaman gets his strength from eating bananas. Before he eats a banana, Bananaman is a young boy called Eric who is keen to keep his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Graeme Garden, Bill Oddie, Tim Brooke-Taylor [PAR] Children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. In the 'top, left hand corner of Wales' runs an archaic railway line staffed by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) | Batman Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) [PAR] The Waddling Master of Foul Play [PAR] Maestro of Criminal Umbrellas [PAR] The Black Bird of Prey [PAR] P.N. Gwynne [PAR] K.G. Bird, umbrella factory owner [PAR] Knott. A. Fish [PAR] \u2015The Penguin [src] [PAR] The Penguin was an arch-nemesis of Batman . [PAR] As one of Batman's greatest enemies (besides The Joker), he is known for his love of birds and his specialized high-tech umbrellas. One of Gotham City's top criminals, Penguin almost always tries to cover up his criminal activities with some other false enterprise. He often pretends to be going straight, and usually wins the hearts of all Gothamites before revealing his true motives. [PAR] He also loves discrediting Batman and Robin. But Batman always wins out because he doesn't concern himself with popular opinion, his dedication to solving the crime at hand allows him to cut right to the heart of Penguin's schemes. Penguin also fancies himself to be quite the ladies' man. He carries himself with an aristocratic air, and is always formally attired. A cigarette is always on hand, and since he is one of refined tastes, Penguin uses a cigarette holder. In one of the 1966 episodes when Penguin thought he was rich (before being outfoxed by Batman) he tried to buy a unnamed country but declined to do so-because he is allergic to Zodka! In another classic Batman episode Penguin claims that he once was a actor. (In the comedy series he is always refered to as Penguin but not by his real name of Oswald Cobblepot). In the state Prison his jail cell is P.G.1 along with Joker, Riddler, Catwoman, King Tut and Egghead in the exclusive Supervillians section! At times a genius of crime-he once tricked Batman into unknowningly planning crimes for him and Brainwashed Alfred Pennyworth into working for him-he has a working knowledge of electronics that when he and Joker tried to take over the Batcave, both Criminals were x-rayed with a Bat beam that noted their physical bone structure. He also suffers from a short term memory loss-he failed to recognize Bruce Wayne (thinking he was a umbrella factory spy!) and had trouble recognizing Alfred Pennyworth twice -once when Alfred portrayed a forger and another time when Alfred took the place of a minister (although Penguin had brainwashed Alfred!) [PAR] Contents [PAR] Burgess Meredith as the Penguin. The purple top hat and bow tie are departures from the black top hat and black bow tie of the comics. [PAR] The Penguin uses his many umbrellas as a weapon. [PAR] In the 1966 Batman movie, the Penguin teams up with Batman's other three greatest foes: The Joker , the Riddler , and Catwoman . Kidnapping Commodore Schmidlapp , the Penguin lures Batman into a trap, in the form of an exploding shark. This ultimately fails, but then the Riddler devises a combination trap, with the Penguin's role involving an exploding octopus. Their plan fails, because the millionaire they kidnapped (to make Batman come to the rescue) was Bruce Wayne, and instead one of the villains' henchmen falls victim to the exploding octopus (triggered by the Joker's jack in the box). [PAR] Penguin in his lair. [PAR] With five of their henchmen (guinea pigs) dehydrated and turned to dust, the Penguin disguises himself at Commodore Schmidlapp and gets Batman and Robin to take him into the Batcave (thus making the Riddler the only one of the four to never enter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stingray (TV Series 1964\u20131965) - IMDb Stingray (TV Series 1964\u20131965) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Gerry Anderson's third SF supermarionation saga told the adventures of the WASPs (the World Aquanaut Security Patrol) as they explored the oceans and kept the world safe from a variety of ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Troy and Phones rescue a comatose man and take him back to Marineville for treatment. [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] The Stingray crew is assigned to make monthly visits to Professor Darren and his team, who have developed a method for making gold from minerals taken from the sea bed. [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] Duke Dexter the world's most famous singer will be visiting Marineville for a benefit concert. Titan, although unsure who Dexter is, decides he could be valuable to Titanica's plans and arranges for ... [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 29 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 50 titles [PAR] created 19 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Stingray \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A literally unkillable agent leads an international intelligence agency's fight against an extra-terrestrial terror campaign. [PAR] Stars: Francis Matthews, Ed Bishop, Donald Gray [PAR] The adventures of a preteen secret agent who can have any useful skills downloaded into his brain. [PAR] Stars: Len Jones, Rupert Davies, Keith Alexander [PAR] In the 21st century, the Tracy family operate a unique private mechanized emergency response service. [PAR] Stars: Sylvia Anderson, Peter Dyneley, David Graham [PAR] Fireball XL5 was part of the fleet of interplanetary rockets protecting Sector 25 of the Solar System from alien invasion under the supervision of the World Space Patrol. In command of XL5 ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Paul Maxwell, Sylvia Anderson, David Graham [PAR] The International Rescue team is faced with one of its toughest challenges yet, as the revolutionary lighter-than-air craft Skyship One is hijacked while on her maiden voyage around the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: David Lane [PAR] Gerry Anderson's first science fiction Supermarionation series. Super Car was a prototype vehicle that could travel in the air, on land or beneath the sea. Its test pilot was Mike Mercury, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: David Graham, Graydon Gould, Sylvia Anderson [PAR] In the year 2020 Earth is under threat from Martian androids who want revenge on the human race. They consist of Zelda, her son Yung-star and her sister called Cy-star. An organisation is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jeremy Hitchen, Denise Bryer, Anne Ridler [PAR] Children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. In the 'top, left hand corner of Wales' runs an archaic railway line staffed by such characters as Jones the Steam ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Olwen Griffiths, Anthony Jackson, Oliver Postgate [PAR] Camberwick Green (TV Series 1966) [PAR] Animation | Family [PAR] Iconic British children's animated series set in the fictional, picturesque village of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Herbs,Parsley the Lion characters The Herbs,Parsley the Lion characters [PAR] The Herbs and The Adventures of Parsley Classic BBC kid's animation by Michael Bond [PAR] On this page ..... All appeared in The Herbs,& most in the sequel. ( NOTE- the differences between the 2 series are detailed here ) [PAR] PASHANA BEDHI Conspiracy theory No.1,231,764..........Pashana Bedhi is quite possibly the reason The Herbs will never appear again on the BBC. Discuss. [PAR] Whilst it's obviously true that all the human characters are accentuated charicatures,the race issue seems to put Pashana into a different ballpark. [PAR] A human version of Sir Basil would probably find his boozey,airhead counterpart quite amusing.But I'm not so sure Pashana would evoke the same response,with his obligatory \"goodness gracious me\" comedy accent,bed of nails,and a penchant for snake charming and a good curry. [PAR] And it's hard to see what else is preventing the Beeb from showing re-runs,because the show's characters and setting are timeless.As are Michael Bond's scripts -the quality of which would also put most modern kids' shows to shame. [PAR] But,with Pashana in it,maybe that's a bit like trying to sell someone a bucket with \"only one hole\" [PAR] Yes,they were shown on C4 as recently as the late 90's.(Even though you could probably get away with anything at 7am on a Sunday morning.) And,yes,they may well pop up on satellite or cable stations (same proviso) But I can't help feeling they're in a dusty box at Broadcasting House marked \"too sensitive\".Probably rubbing shoulders with the likes of \"It Ain't Half Hot Mum\",and Spike Milligan's \"Q8\" amongst others. [PAR] So.........theory No.1,231,764 may well be a load of old tosh.But I doubt too many people would be surprised if it wasn't. [PAR] 1) \"I am Peshana Bedhi,very good at snake charming. Snakes that have by me been charmed,will not anyone be harming.\" [PAR] 2) \"I am Peshana Bedhi,very good at cooking nicely. All that has by me been cooked,surely will be hot and spicey\" [PAR] PARSLEY In \"The Herbs\",he's a friendly,but timid lion,who doesn't speak and can't even really be described as the main character.But in the sequel he's given a voice and is totally transformed into an intelligent,thoughtful and laidback counterbalance to Dill's \"act now,think later\" shenanigans.And,unlike The Herbs,they completely take centre stage. [PAR] In the sequel,he's a watcher rather than a \"do-er\" and he's given a nice sardonic turn of phrase and plenty of acerbic lines. And the Tony Hancock-style delivery has striking similarities with Dougal,of Magic Roundabout fame. [PAR] But whilst Eric Thompson also voiced Dougal to sound like Hancock too,Parsley is given a more upper class voice,which is actually very reminiscent of another laconic and famous man of the time,Patrick Cargill,of \" Father, Dear Father \" tv fame. [PAR] It's no surprise that someone so urbane can also read and write (with pen in mouth).And he's often seen consulting \"my book\" (pic 2) -an encyclopedia that magically appears to the accompaniment of a flash of light and a \"ting\" sound when he raises and lowers a paw - and a very handy and well-used narrative device it is too. [PAR] Here's his main song,plus a slight variation that was also used. (Note - character songs were dropped for the sequel. And all the differences between the 2 series are detailed on this page ) [PAR] 1) \"I'm a very friendly lion called Parsley,I am always very glad to see you wave. [PAR] But please don't shout or speak to me too harshly, because I'm not particularly brave.\" [PAR] 2) \"I'm a very friendly lion called Parsley,with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tony Hart - The Official Tony Hart Website - Television Artist Tony Hart - The Official Tony Hart Website - Television Artist [PAR] Tony Hart - BBC TV Artist - Official Website [PAR] For those that can remember early children's programmes, Tony Hart operated the 'Quackers' puppet in the Ray Allen series 'Titch & Quakers' - Tony was particularly delighted with the role when Lulu once clutched Quackers to her bosom - [PAR] Tony Hart - 1925-2009 [PAR] An inspiration to several generations of artists, animators, graphic designers and teachers, children\u00b4s TV artist Tony Hart was best known for the BBC\u00b4s art programmes Vision On, Take Hart and Hart Beat. Speaking to the BBC in 1996 Tony said: \"I hope I\u00b4ve achieved the sort of programme that entertains first, informs, amuses and maybe surprises - and that people watching will think \"I might have a go at that one day!\". [PAR] Tony Hart\u00b4s television career spanned 50 years, and his programmes won many awards. In 1984 Take Hart won a BAFTA award, and in 1998 Tony himself received the BAFTA Lifetime Achievement award. Aside from his own programmes, Tony made regular guest appearances on radio and television, and involved himself with a number of children\u00b4s charities including the Cystic Fibrosis Trust, Tadworth Children\u00b4s Hospital and Riding for the Disabled. [PAR] The music you can hear is Marguerite by Bob Morgan and was used for The Gallery in Take Hart. Our gratitude to Bob, Zoot Music and KPM for special permission to use it. Marguerite was composed by Bob to mark a very personal loss of his own - the significance is not lost here. [PAR] So What is This About? [PAR] Tony inspired several generations of children to be creative, many of them going on to become artists in their own right. They in turn have gone on to encourage their own children to be creative because Tony Hart showed them how. His legacy is enormous and enduring, and the heartfelt words posted in the remembrance book demonstrate how much Tony was loved - by people of all ages. [PAR] Tony made making pictures look so easy, and always used materials that were inexpensive and readily available, encouraging everyone, regardless of age or artistic talent, to have a go. [PAR] That\u00b4s what we all loved most about Tony Hart, those quiet moments when he inspired so many of us to pick up a pen or a crayon or a bit of old cardboard and create something all on our own. What better gift than that. [PAR] Tony Hart died in 2009 at the age of 83. [PAR] A biography Tony Hart, A Portrait of my Dad written by the late Tony Hart\u00b4s daughter Carolyn Ross is available in hardback and Kindle edition from Amazon . [PAR] Aardman Animations have paid tribute to Tony Hart with the creation of Tonymorph ! (above)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BFI Screenonline: Crystal Tipps and Alistair (1971-74) BFI Screenonline: Crystal Tipps and Alistair (1971-74) [PAR] Crystal Tipps and Alistair (1971-74) [PAR] [PAR] Courtesy of Double Take and Hilary Hayton [PAR] [PAR] 50 x 5 min episodes, colour [PAR] [PAR] A BBC Children's Department Graphics Unit, chiefly servicing the story illustration requirements of [PAR] Play School [PAR] , had made gradual inroads into simple animations from the late 1960s, with [PAR] Hilary Hayton [PAR] featuring Egbert Nosh (BBC, 1969) despite limited resources. [PAR] Invited to contribute to an [PAR] European Broadcasting Union [PAR] (EBU) collaborative animation project seeking wholly dialogue-free entries, Hayton, working in her spare time, drew a girl with a voluminous purple perm in a diagonal-striped dress and pinned the picture to the department noticeboard, inviting further input. Her storyboard began: \"Crystal Tipps lives somewhere over the rainbow...\" It was Scotsman McCallum who added a canine companion with the words: \"...with her friend Alistair\". (Crystal Tipps' name came from an ice-making machine in a BBC teabar, an extra 'p' added to avoid litigation). The resulting EBU 'pilot', 'Hide and Seek' aired in 1971. [PAR] Rather than expand Graphics into a full-blown animation studio, BBC producer [PAR] Michael Grafton-Robinson [PAR] left the BBC to create independent company [PAR] Q3 London [PAR] to make this series and [PAR] Fingerbobs [PAR] (BBC, 1972). Using felt markers and airbrush, Hayton and McCallum drew the artwork pieces subsequently animated and filmed by Q3. [PAR] The freewheeling, open non-format was unhindered by dialogue, characterisation or logic. Most episodes involved the girl and her dog (and their colourful friends Birdie and Robert the butterfly) bouncing around in slapstick dance routines. Gradually ramping up simple visual ideas, an episode like 'Boots' would take one core idea such as trying on increasingly crazy footwear. [PAR] Crystal Tipps has been seen as a reaction to the work of, variously, pop artist [PAR] Peter Blake [PAR] (d. George Dunning, 1968) and [PAR] Terry Gilliam [PAR] 's animations for [PAR] Monty Python's Flying Circus [PAR] (BBC, 1969-74), and Hayton believes these were peers all surfing the same 'creative wave'. Hayton remembers Gilliam spending time in her studio seeing what she was working on. [PAR] The psychedelic style led to predictable accusations that the makers 'must have been on drugs,' but Hayton explains that, \"we were just enjoying the freedom to create, which one had in those early BBC days.\" Odder episodes saw magic seeds sprout a giant collage-rendered beanstalk that stretched into the clouds ('Sowing Seeds'), with the heroes returning home by sliding down a rainbow, while, in 'It's Quicker By Tube', a tube station appeared out of thin air, transporting Crystal and Alistair to a jungle, a desert and London nightspots. 'Art Gallery' and 'Sculptures' referenced and lampooned modern art. [PAR] Alistair McGown [PAR] (with special thanks to Hilary Hayton) [PAR] Click titles to see or read more [PAR] Video Clips"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Double Deckers - Where Are They Now? Double Deckers - Where Are They Now? [PAR] Where Are They Now? [PAR] [PAR] Douglas Simmonds, who played the lovable kid Doughnut, followed his lifelong ambition for science and made it his career. He was a researcher in medical computing at a major hospital in the UK. For six years prior to that position, Doug was a theoretical physicist and at one time was even a medical student. He held a very responsible position with the Department of Health in England. Douglas took early retirement and pursued other interests. Tragically in March 2011 Doug died of a massive heart attack. He will be missed. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Peter Firth, who played Scooper, has made for himself an illustrious career in film and television. The following is taken from a biography of Peter Firth: [PAR] \"Peter Firth is perhaps best-known for his film and stage portrayal of Alan Strang in Equus, a role which earned him a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor, an Academy Award nomination, a Tony Award nomination, the Theatre World Award and the Plays and Players Award for Best Young Actor. [PAR] Firth's other film credits include Franco Zeffirelli's Brother Sun Sister Moon, Aces High, Tony Richardson's Joseph Andrews, Robert Altman's When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder, Roman Polanski's Tess, Chris Bernard's Letter to Brezhnev, John McTiernan's The Hunt for Red October and Richard Attenborough's Shadowlands. Firth has appeared onstage in numerous productions including Bill Bryden's Romeo and Juliet and Spring Awakening, both at the National Theatre, and Peter Hall's Amadeus on Broadway.\" [PAR] See Peter Firth in the smash BBC series, Spooks (aka MI-5) as Harry Pearce. An extensive list of Peter Firth's credits may be found on the Internet Movie Database. \"Hello, Peter!\" [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Brinsley Forde, who played Spring on the show, has made other television and movie appearances to his credit including, \"Leo the Last\"(1970), \"Please Sir\"(1971),\"The Georgian House\"(1976) and \"Babylon\"(1980). Brinsley is an accomplised musician in his own right. He is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the reggae group, \"Aswad.\" You can also hear the music of Brinsley Forde with Aswad perform with Sting in the movie, \"The X-Files\". He can be seen on VH-1 as the host of \"Heart of Soul\". I just found out from Producer Frank Wilson from 6 Music (BBC digital radio) that Brinsley is presenter of the program \"Lively Up Yourself\" . Tune in and show your support. \"Hello, Brinsley!\" [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Michael Audreson, who played scientific genius Brains, appeared in such hits as \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" and \"Good Bye Mr. Chips.\" in uncredited roles. In 1972 he was in the movie, \"Young Winston\" where he played Winston Churchill at age 13. Michael even had a part in the series, \"The Tomorrow People\" as Flyn in the episode \"The Thargon Menace.\" From the 1995 interview on French TV Michael reported that he produced shows in England. More on Michael to come...Keep watching. \"Hello, Michael!\" [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Gillian Bailey, who played Billie, also played many roles on television in the years that followed the DD, such as Follyfoot and Poldark among several others. More recently she has been doing work as a script editor in England. She completed her university studies and received a degree in English Literature and has since received her MA degree in Theatre Research. She has also earned her doctorate in Theatre. Gillian wrote me and generously provided this and more information about her life and career, as well as some favorite moments on the DD. \"Hello, Gilli\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unofficial National Anthem of Australia - \"Waltzing ... Unofficial National Anthem of Australia - \"Waltzing Matilda\" - YouTube [PAR] Unofficial National Anthem of Australia - \"Waltzing Matilda\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 19, 2014 [PAR] \u25cf\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u0b9c\u06e9ESPA\u00d1OL\u06e9\u0b9c\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25cf [PAR] Waltzing Matilda es la canci\u00f3n folcl\u00f3rica m\u00e1s conocida de Australia (especialmente en el \u00e1mbito internacional) y ha sido propuesta como himno nacional. Para los australianos es su canci\u00f3n m\u00e1s arraigada y a la que tienen m\u00e1s cari\u00f1o, existiendo un museo dedicado a ella en Winton, Queensland. Fue compuesta en 1895 por Andrew Barton Paterson un poeta nacionalista australiano, tambi\u00e9n conocido como \u00abBanjo\u00bb Paterson. Su versi\u00f3n original fue modificada y es esa segunda versi\u00f3n que se hizo familiar. [PAR] Waltzing Matilda cuenta la historia de un vagabundo que acampa una noche al lado de una laguna (billabong), mientras toma un t\u00e9. Una oveja (jumbuck en ingl\u00e9s australiano) se acerca a beber agua y el vagabundo la roba para alimentarse. El terrateniente se da cuenta y llama a tres polic\u00edas para que arresten al vagabundo. \u00c9ste, antes de ser arrestado por el robo de la oveja, prefiere saltar al agua y morir ahogado. La canci\u00f3n termina contando que el fantasma del vagabundo puede o\u00edrse cantando una canci\u00f3n que invita a los viajeros a bailar el vals con \u00e9l, es decir, a salir a los caminos con el vagabundo. [PAR] \u25cf\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u0b9c\u06e9ENGLISH\u06e9\u0b9c\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25cf [PAR] \"Waltzing Matilda\" is Australia's most widely known bush ballad. A folk song, the song has been referred to as \"the unofficial national anthem of Australia\". [PAR] The title is Australian slang for travelling by foot with one's belongings (waltzing, derived from the German auf der Walz) in a \"Matilda\" (bag) slung over one's back. The song narrates the story of an itinerant worker, or \"swagman\", making a drink of tea at a bush camp and capturing a sheep to eat. When the sheep's owner arrives with three police officers to arrest the worker for the theft, the worker commits suicide by drowning himself in the nearby watering hole, after which his ghost haunts the site. [PAR] \u25cf\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u0b9c\u06e9DEUTSCH\u06e9\u0b9c\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25ac\u25cf [PAR] Waltzing Matilda ist Australiens bekanntestes Volkslied und wurde oft als offizielle Nationalhymne vorgeschlagen. Der Text wurde im Jahre 1895 vom australischen Dichter Banjo Paterson geschrieben, der sich in Australien aufgrund seiner zahlreichen anderen Gedichte gro\u00dfer Beliebtheit erfreut. Er wurde von Christina Macpherson mit der Musik des schottischen Liedes Thou Bonnie Wood of Craigielea vertont, das 1818 von James Barr komponiert wurde. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] The Australian National Anthem | australia.gov.au The Australian National Anthem | australia.gov.au [PAR] The Australian National Anthem [PAR] Music [PAR] The Australian National Anthem [PAR] Loui Seselja, Portrait of Margret Roadknight, singer, looking at sheet music for Waltzing Matilda while visiting the National Library of Australia, Music Section, Canberra, 22 July 1994, negative: b&w. Image courtesy of the National Library of Australia: an24493323 [PAR] Australians are not renowned for rushing into major decisions\u2014change is usually a slow and considered process. The journey towards choosing our own national anthem was no exception. [PAR] The move to replace God Save the Queen with an anthem unique to Australia began as early as the 1820s. Over the decades, public opinion has been constantly canvassed and numerous competitions held to find a suitable song. [PAR] Peter Dodds McCormick's Advance Australia Fair was officially"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Warts and all - meaning and origin. - Phrase Finder 'Warts and all' - the meaning and origin of this phrase [PAR] Warts and all [PAR] The whole thing; not concealing the less attractive parts. [PAR] Origin [PAR] This phrase is said to derive from Oliver Cromwell's instructions to the painter Sir Peter Lely, when commissioning a portrait. [PAR] At the time of the alleged instruction, Cromwell was Lord Protector of England. Lely had been portrait artist to Charles I and, following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, he was appointed as Charles II's Principal Painter in Ordinary. [PAR] Lely's painting style was, as was usual at the time, intended to flatter the sitter. Royalty in particular expected portraits to show them in the best possible light, if not to be outright fanciful. Lely's painting of Charles II shows what was expected of a painting of a head of state in the 17th century. It emphasizes the shapely royal calves - a prized fashion feature at that time. [PAR] Cromwell did have a preference for being portrayed as a gentleman of military bearing, but was well-known as being opposed to all forms of personal vanity. This 'puritan Roundhead' versus 'dashing Cavalier' shorthand is often used to denote the differences in style of the two opposing camps in the English Commonwealth and subsequent Restoration. It is entirely plausible that he would have issued a 'warts and all' instruction when being painted and it is unlikely that Lely would have modified his style and produced the 'warts and all' portrait of Cromwell unless someone told him to. [PAR] We have Cromwell's death mask as a reference. From that it is clear that Lely's portrait is an accurate record of Cromwell's actual appearance. [PAR] Despite the plausibility of the account, there doesn't appear to be any convincing evidence that Cromwell ever used the phrase 'warts and all'. The first record of a version of that phrase being attributed to him comes from Horace Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting in England, with some account of the principal artists, 1764. Walpole's authority for the attribution came from a reported conversation between John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham, the first occupant of Buckingham House, now Buckingham Palace, and the house's architect, Captain William Winde. Winde claimed that: [PAR] Oliver certainly sat to him, and while sitting, said to him - \"Mr Lely, I desire you would use all your skill to paint my picture truly like me, and not flatter me at all; but remark all these roughnesses, pimples, warts and everything as you see me, otherwise I will never pay a farthing for it.\" [PAR] That was published in 1764 - over a hundred years after Lely painted Cromwell. Walpole included no evidence to support the attribution, nor any explanation of why no one else had mentioned the phrase in the preceding hundred years - this despite Cromwell's life being the subject of minutely detailed historical research and over 160 full-length biographies. We can only assume he was indulging in a piece of literary speculation rather than historical documentation. The first known citation in print of the actual phrase 'warts and all' is from a 'Chinese whisper' retelling of Walpole's story - an address given by an Alpheus Cary, in Massachusetts, in 1824: [PAR] When Cromwell sat for his portrait he said, \"Paint me as I am, warts and all!\" [PAR] It may well be the case that Oliver Cromwell preferred portraits of him to be accurate, but it is most unlikely that he ever uttered the words 'warts and all'.[DOC] [TLE] warts and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Tudors - The Tudor Dynasty of England The Tudors - The Tudor Dynasty of England [PAR] By Robert Wilde [PAR] Updated April 09, 2016. [PAR] The Tudors are the most famous English royal dynasty, their name remaining at the forefront of European history thanks to films and television. Of course, the Tudors wouldn\u2019t feature in the media without something to grab people\u2019s attention, and the Tudors \u2013 Henry VII, his son Henry VIII and his three children Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth, only broken by the nine day rule of Lady Jane Grey \u2013 comprise two of England\u2019s most famous monarchs, and three of the most highly regarded, each with plenty of fascinating, sometimes inscrutable, personality. [PAR] The Tudors are also important for their actions, as much as their reputations. They ruled England during the era when Western Europe moved from the medieval to the early modern, and they instituted changes in government administration, the relationship between crown and people, the image of the monarchy and the way people worshipped. They also oversaw a golden age for English writing and exploration. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile: Elizabeth I of England [PAR] They represent both a golden age (a term still in use as a recent film about Elizabeth I showed) and an era of infamy, one of the most divisive families in Europe. [PAR] Origins of the Tudors: [PAR] The history of the Tudors can be traced back to the thirteenth century, but their rise to prominence began in the fifteenth. Owen Tudor, a Welsh landowner, fought in the armies of King Henry V of England. When Henry died Owen married the widow, Catherine of Valois, and then fought in the service of her son, Henry VI. At this time England became divided by a struggle for the English throne between two dynasties, Lancastrian and York, called The Wars of the Roses. Owen was one of Henry VI \u2019s Lancastrians; after the battle of Mortimer\u2019s Cross, a Yorkist victory, Owen was executed. [PAR] Taking the Throne: [PAR] Owen\u2019s son, Edmund, was rewarded for his family\u2019s service by being raised to the Earl of Richmond by Henry VI. Crucially for his later family, Edmund married Margaret Beaufort, great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III, a tenuous, but vital, claim to the throne. Edmund\u2019s only child, Henry Tudor, led a rebellion against King Richard III and defeated him at Bosworth Field, taking the throne himself as a descendant of Edward III . Henry, now Henry VII, married the heir to the House of York, effectively ending the Wars of the Roses . There would be other rebels, but Henry stayed secure. [PAR] Henry VII: [PAR] Having defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth field, gained parliamentary approval and married a member of his rival family, Henry was crowned king. He took part in diplomatic negotiations to secure his position, making agreements at both home and abroad, before instituting a reform of government, increasing royal administrative control and improving the royal finances. On his death he left a stable kingdom and a wealthy monarchy. He had fought hard politically to establish himself and his family against the doubters and bring England together behind him. He has to go down as a major success, but one totally overshadowed by his son and grandchildren. [PAR] Henry VIII: [PAR] The most famous English monarch of all, Henry VIII is best known for his six wives, the result of a desperate drive to produce healthy male heirs to carry the Tudor dynasty forward. Another consequence of this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 28 | 1986: Seven dead in space shuttle ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 28 | 1986: Seven dead in space shuttle disaster [PAR] 1986: Seven dead in space shuttle disaster [PAR] The American space shuttle, Challenger, has exploded killing all seven astronauts on board. [PAR] The five men and two women - including the first teacher in space - were just over a minute into their flight from Cape Canaveral in Florida when the Challenger blew up. [PAR] The astronauts' families, at the airbase, and millions of Americans witnessed the world's worst space disaster live on TV. [PAR] The danger from falling debris prevented rescue boats reaching the scene for more than an hour. [PAR] In 25 years of space exploration seven people have died - today that total has been doubled. [PAR] President Ronald Reagan has described the tragedy as \"a national loss\". [PAR] The Challenger's flight, the 25th by a shuttle, had already been delayed because of bad weather. High winds, then icicles caused the launch to be postponed from 22 January. [PAR] But Nasa officials insist safety remains their top priority and there was no pressure to launch the shuttle today. [PAR] The shuttle crew was led by Commander Dick Scobee, 46. Christa McAuliffe, 37, married with two children, was to be the first school teacher in space - picked from among 10,000 entries for a competition. [PAR] Speaking before the launch, she said: \"One of the things I hope to bring back into the classroom is to make that connection with the students that they too are part of history, the space programme belongs to them and to try to bring them up with the space age.\" [PAR] President Reagan has put off his state of the union address. He was meeting senior aides in the Oval Office when he learned of the disaster. [PAR] We will never forget them [PAR] US President Ronald Reagan [PAR] He has called for an immediate inquiry into the disaster but he said the space programme would go on - in honour to the dead astronauts. Vice-President George Bush has been sent to Cape Canaveral to visit the victims' families. [PAR] This evening, the president went on national television to pay tribute to the courage and bravery of the seven astronauts. [PAR] He said: \"We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them this morning as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Famous William Blake Poems | Famous Poems Best Famous William Blake Poems | Famous Poems [PAR] Home \u00bb Famous Poems \u00bb Best \u00bb William Blake \u00bb Best Poems [PAR] Best Famous William Blake Poems [PAR] Here is a collection of the all-time best famous William Blake poems. This is a select list of the best famous William Blake poetry. Reading, writing, and enjoying famous William Blake poetry (as well as classical and contemporary poems) is a great past time. These top poems are the best examples of william blake poems. [PAR] Search for the best famous William Blake poems, articles about William Blake poems, poetry blogs, or anything else William Blake poem related using the PoetrySoup search engine at the top of the page. [PAR] See Also: [PAR] Loves Secret [PAR] NEVER seek to tell thy love Love that never told can be; For the gentle wind doth move Silently invisibly. [PAR] I told my love I told my love 5 I told her all my heart Trembling cold in ghastly fears. [PAR] Ah! she did depart! Soon after she was gone from me A traveller came by 10 Silently invisibly: He took her with a sigh. [PAR] Cradle Song [PAR] SLEEP sleep beauty bright Dreaming in the joys of night; Sleep sleep; in thy sleep Little sorrows sit and weep. [PAR] Sweet babe in thy face 5 Soft desires I can trace Secret joys and secret smiles Little pretty infant wiles. [PAR] As thy softest limbs I feel Smiles as of the morning steal 10 O'er thy cheek and o'er thy breast Where thy little heart doth rest. [PAR] O the cunning wiles that creep In thy little heart asleep! When thy little heart doth wake 15 Then the dreadful night shall break. [PAR] The Tyger [PAR] Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forest of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare seize the fire? And what shoulder, and what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand? and what dread feet? What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp? When the stars threw down their spears, And watered heaven with their tears, Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry? [PAR] I was angry with my friend; I told my wrath, my wrath did end. [PAR] I was angry with my foe: I told it not, my wrath did grow. [PAR] And I waterd it in fears, Night and morning with my tears: And I sunned it with smiles, And with soft deceitful wiles. [PAR] And it grew both day and night, Till it bore an apple bright. [PAR] And my foe beheld it shine, And he knew that it was mine. [PAR] And into my garden stole. [PAR] When the night had veiled the pole; In the morning glad I see, My foe outstretchd beneath the tree. [PAR] To see a world in a grain of sand And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour. [PAR] A robin redbreast in a cage Puts all heaven in a rage. [PAR] A dove-house filled with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ross Kemp to return to EastEnders for Peggy's farewell ... Ross Kemp to return to EastEnders for Peggy's farewell - ITV News [PAR] 18 January 2016 at 7:12am [PAR] Ross Kemp to return to EastEnders for Peggy's farewell [PAR] Actor Ross Kemp is to reprise his role as EastEnders hardman Grant Mitchell, in a \"brief return\" to say goodbye to on-screen mother Peggy. [PAR] Kemp, who last appeared regularly in the soap in 1999, will be reuniting with the Mitchells as Dame Barbara Windsor's character passes away from cancer. [PAR] Peggy Mitchell made a surprise return to the soap last week to inform her other son Phil - played by Steve McFadden - that her cancer had returned. [PAR] EastEnders actors Ross Kemp, Barbara Windsor & Steve McFadden, 2006 [PAR] Credit: Fiona Hanson/PA [PAR] She is not scheduled to appear again until her final episodes in late spring, when Kemp will also return. [PAR] Ross Kemp said the offer of returning for Peggy's final episodes was \"something I could not turn down\". [PAR] \"Barbara is a very close friend, so when I learned of the storyline it felt right that the Mitchell brothers are reunited with their mother for the last time. [PAR] \"I am really looking forward to going back to EastEnders and filming what are set to be some classic EastEnders episodes.\" [PAR] \u2013 Ross Kemp, Actor [PAR] The Mitchells and other Eastenders characters in 1999 [PAR] Credit: John Stillwell / PA [PAR] His return could cause some drama in Albert Square, which plays host to Grant's ex-wife Sharon (Letitia Dean) who is currently married to his brother Phil, and Phil's ex-wife Kathy (Gillian Taylforth) who had an affair with Grant. [PAR] Last updated Mon 18 Jan 2016[DOC] [TLE] Ross Kemp returning to EastEnders for Barbara Windsor's ... Ross Kemp returning to EastEnders for Barbara Windsor's exit - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Ross Kemp returning to EastEnders for Barbara Windsor's exit [PAR] 18 January 2016 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption The Mitchells were a force to be reckoned with in Albert Square [PAR] Ross Kemp is returning to EastEnders as part of a storyline that will see Dame Barbara Windsor exit the soap for good. [PAR] Kemp, who last played Grant Mitchell in 2006, said it would be \"a brief return\". [PAR] \"When I was approached about returning to EastEnders for Barbara's final episodes, it was something I could not turn down,\" he said. [PAR] Following her surprise return to Albert Square , Dame Barbara announced her character would be killed off. [PAR] Her character reappeared on Friday, having left in 2010, to tell her eldest son Phil, played by Steve McFadden, that her cancer had returned. [PAR] After the episode, producers revealed that Peggy would die from the disease in emotional scenes to be screened in the spring. [PAR] Now Kemp, who played Grant from 1990-1999 and then again in 2005 and 2006, will return to bring the Mitchell family back together. [PAR] Image caption Peggy Mitchell, played by Barbara Windsor, joined the soap in 1994 [PAR] \"Barbara is a very close friend, so when I learned of the storyline it felt right that the Mitchell brothers are reunited with their mother for the last time,\" he said. [PAR] \"I am really looking forward to going back to EastEnders and filming what are set to be some classic EastEnders episodes.\" [PAR] Grant Mitchell has been one of the soap's most memorable characters in its 30-year history, arriving in 1990 along with brother Phil. [PAR] He was involved in repeated family dramas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Much Do You Know About the Real 'Jungle Book' Animals? How Much Do You Know About the Real \u2018Jungle Book\u2019 Animals? [PAR] http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/160414-real-jungle-book-animals-facts-disney-movie-science.html [PAR] How Much Do You Know About the Real \u2018Jungle Book\u2019 Animals? [PAR] At least one creature featured in the new Disney movie is extinct, and other wild facts about Mowgli\u2019s jungle friends and foes. [PAR] View Images [PAR] In Disney's 1967 animated feature, Baloo the bear was a big fan of fruit, honey, and ants. [PAR] Photograph by AF Archvie, Alamy [PAR] The story of Mowgli, a boy living among animals in the Indian forest, remains as vivid and appealing today as it was when Rudyard Kipling included it in The Jungle Book, a series of short fables published in 1894. Mowgli\u2019s adventures have been retold time and again in animated films, television shows, plays, and now a partly live-action Disney feature . [PAR] But while the universal tale of friendship, belonging, and community remains steadfast, the state of the animals Kipling featured has not. Even a century ago, the author was concerned with the human impact on nature, and many of the animals he described are now threatened with extinction. Here\u2019s what you should know about the real-life versions of The Jungle Book gang. [PAR] View Images [PAR] Black leopards are dark-colored variants of spotted leopards. [PAR] Photograph by Michael Nichols, National Geographic Creative [PAR] Bagheera [PAR] Black panthers like Bagheera are not a distinct species, but are simply color variants of the spotted leopards found in Asia and Africa and the jaguars found in South America. Kipling acknowledges this when he describes Bagheera as \u201cinky black all over, but with the panther markings showing up in certain lights like the pattern of watered silk.\u201d [PAR] You Might Also Like [PAR] 7 Amazing Animal Organs People Don't Have [PAR] Leopards have the largest distribution of any wild cat in the world, but they are also the most persecuted. That\u2019s likely because leopards can live in places with suboptimal habitat, including on the fringes of cities, where they are more likely to come into contact with people. They are also hunted for the illegal wildlife trade, including for use in traditional Chinese medicine. [PAR] \u201cThey\u2019re being killed more and taken into captivity more\u2014it\u2019s really becoming a problem,\u201d says Alan Rabinowitz , CEO of Panthera, the global wild cat conservation organization. [PAR] He and other experts are keeping a close eye on leopard populations to see if they should revise the cat's conservation status, as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), from \u201cnear threatened\u201d to \u201cvulnerable.\u201d [PAR] View Images [PAR] Baloo may have been inspired by sloth bears, like this rescue animal. [PAR] Photograph by Neha Vasant Diddee, National Geographic Creative [PAR] [PAR] Baloo [PAR] The true identity of Kipling\u2019s \u201csleepy brown bear\u201d is a bit of an enigma: Baloo\u2019s physical description in the book would suggest a sloth bear, but his diet of nuts and honey runs counter to that species\u2019 insect-eating preferences. Baloo\u2019s name, which simply means \u201cbear\u201d in Hindustani, lends no additional clues. [PAR] \u201cThe problem is that The Jungle Book is fiction, and all of Kipling\u2019s characters are a mixture of imaginary types and real animals, so it\u2019s impossible to know the species for sure,\u201d says Kaori Nagai , a Kipling scholar at the University of Kent. But Kipling did use 19th-century naturalists\u2019 writings while crafting the book, and one of his sources was an 1884 natural history text that notes that the common Indian sloth bear is \u201cas a rule vegetarian.\u201d Given that sloth bears"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Winston Churchill: Journey through the life of the ... Winston Churchill: Journey through the life of the 'greatest Briton' - LA Times [PAR] Winston Churchill: Journey through the life of the 'greatest Briton' [PAR] Roy J. Harris Jr. [PAR] Churchill 2015 showcases a dozen sites linked to the British statesman, including Blenheim Palace [PAR] Commemorating the 50th anniversary of one politician's death \u2014 and extending the recognition to a whole year, across an entire nation \u2014 might seem excessive. Unless that politician is Winston Churchill, and the nation is Britain. [PAR] \"Our greatest Briton,\" as the World War II prime minister is known here, took that office in 1940 professing to have \"nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.\" Beyond merely delivering on that offer, he led the country, and the free world, in turning the tide against Adolf Hitler's Germany, saving England from what seemed an inevitable invasion. [PAR] Five years later, the victory Churchill had envisioned freed Europe from a Nazi subjugation that he had warned would bring \"the abyss of a new Dark Age.\" [PAR] And so, the island nation has established Churchill 2015, tailoring a dozen tourist attractions to honor perhaps the 20th century's most sagacious and colorful leader, and to teach visitors about him and his time. [PAR] The sites involved in Churchill 2015 include one of England's most glamorous and conspicuous \u2014 dazzling Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, his ancestral home \u2014 and what is certainly its most hidden, buried under government buildings in London's Whitehall district. [PAR] Churchill War Rooms [PAR] Imperial War Museums [PAR] A scene features a Churchill likeness in the Transatlantic Telephone Room of the Churchill War Rooms. [PAR] A scene features a Churchill likeness in the Transatlantic Telephone Room of the Churchill War Rooms. (Imperial War Museums) [PAR] There, an expansive converted bomb shelter serves as one of the city's finest historical display spaces: the Churchill War Rooms. Adjacent is its Churchill Museum, which since 2005 has housed England's only exhibition devoted entirely to the 90-year life of the warrior-diplomat whose service extended from the era of horse-drawn artillery to the nuclear age. [PAR] Among other spots on this Churchill grand tour are the family home, Chartwell, in Kent, southeast of London; Bath, in the west; and Scarborough in the north; all mark stops in his amazing career. [PAR] For historians, this recognition couldn't come soon enough. [PAR] Churchill War Rooms [PAR] Anthony Devlin / Press Association [PAR] The entrance to the Imperial War Museum's Churchill War Rooms are located at Clive Steps, along King Charles Street in central London. [PAR] The entrance to the Imperial War Museum's Churchill War Rooms are located at Clive Steps, along King Charles Street in central London. (Anthony Devlin / Press Association) [PAR] \"We're in a moment when we're seeing the wartime generation dying out and when Churchill himself is passing out of living memory,\" said Allen Packwood, director of the politician's archives at Churchill College in Cambridge. [PAR] Three key Churchill-related anniversaries converge this year. The two others: the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, \"and the 75th of Churchill's finest hour in 1940,\" Packwood noted, drawing on the famous phrase Churchill used to describe how history would view a British victory. [PAR] England's Churchill 2015 tributes offer a chance to review our historical memory as well. [PAR] \"These days, we dimly believe that the Second World War was won with Russian blood and American money \u2026 [but] it is also true that, without Churchill, Hitler would almost certainly have won,\" writes London Mayor Boris Johnson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phil Collins - Biography - IMDb Phil Collins - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Phil Collins [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 170 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (7) | Trivia (64) | Personal Quotes (91) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Phil Collins was born in Chiswick, London, England, to Winifred (Strange), a theatrical agent, Greville Philip Austin Collins, an insurance agent. He spent most of his early entertainment life as a young actor and model. He played the \"Artful Dodger\" in the West End production of \"Oliver!\" alongside the future movie screen \"Artful Dodger,\" Jack Wild . His interest in music and drumming began at school, where he drummed with a stage school band \"The Real Thing,\" subsequently joining \"Freehold\" and \"Flaming Youth.\" \"Flaming Youth\" recorded an album to some critical acclaim, although the group disbanded shortly afterward. Collins later successfully auditioned for Genesis , taking over vocals from Peter Gabriel when he left the band in 1975. [PAR] After separating from his first wife, Collins recorded his first solo album, \"Face Value.\" The album was well received and Collins started to become a household name after the song \"In the Air Tonight\" was featured on the US TV show Miami Vice (1984). This instigated a guest appearance on the show playing a game show host. His third LP, \"No Jacket Required,\" produced multiple chart hits and awards. [PAR] Collins is an active musician and entertainer, contributing and guesting regularly on many albums, ranging from Gary Brooker and \"Camel\" ( Peter Barden 's old band) to Eric Clapton . Current projects include his solo career as a vocalist, recording with Genesis, the Jazz Fusion group Brand X and his Swing Band. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010. [PAR] Actress Lily Collins is his daughter (her mother is his second wife, Jill Tavelman ). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Julie Lowe-Sanchez [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] The gated reverberation on his drums [PAR] Technically complicated drumming in various time signatures [PAR] Romantic ballads [PAR] Distinctive singing voice and emotive delivery [PAR] Using a combination of live drums with drum machines and electric drums on his recordings [PAR] Fast bass drum technique [PAR] Writing songs with just three chords [PAR] Trivia (64) [PAR] Singer/drummer, former member of the rock band Genesis . [PAR] He was awarded Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order of the British Empire in the 1994 Queen's Honours List for his services to music and charity. [PAR] Trustee, Prince's Trust, since 1983. [PAR] Left Genesis in 1996. [PAR] Beat South Park (1997) creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone for Best Original Song Oscar in 1999. In return, Trey Parker and Matt Stone have ridiculed Phil Collins in several South Park episodes. [PAR] Beat out many singers as a replacement for vocalist Peter Gabriel after Peter Gabriel left Genesis for a solo career. Most fans didn't really notice, not only due to the similarity in both singers voices, but because Collins had been singing back up to Gabriel for years in the band. [PAR] Along with Tony Thompson of Power Station , he sat in for the late John Bonham during Led Zeppelin 's performance at Live Aid. [PAR] Played at both Wembley Stadium in London and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia segments of Live Aid. He was able to accomplish the feat by hopping on the Concord and flying to Philadelphia as soon as he finished"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The British female hanged 1868 - Capital Punishment UK ... The British female hanged 1868 - 1955 [PAR] by Robert Anderson (Evans) on [PAR] Monday, the 12th of January, 1874 [PAR] . [PAR] Thirty one year old Mary Ann Barry was executed alongside her partner in crime, 32 year old Edwin Bailey, for the poisoning murder of his illegitimate one year old child, Sarah, whom they considered a nuisance. With them on the gallows, set up in the quadrangle of Gloucester Gaol, was Edward Butt, who had shot his girlfriend. Mary became the last woman in [PAR] England [PAR] to suffer short drop hanging and reportedly struggled for some three minutes on the rope and had to be forced down into the pit by [PAR] Anderson [PAR] .\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The two men became still almost immediately. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Berry, Elizabeth hanged by James Berry at Walton prison [PAR] Liverpool [PAR] on [PAR] Monday, the 14th of March, 1887 [PAR] . Thirty one year old Elizabeth Berry poisoned her 11 year old daughter for \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd10 life insurance. It was an unusual coincidence that the executioner and the criminal had the same surname and had also actually met previously when they danced together at a police ball. [PAR] Biggadyke, Priscilla, was hanged at [PAR] 9.00 a.m. [PAR] Monday, the 28th of December, 1868 [PAR] , at [PAR] Lincoln [PAR] by Thomas Askern for poisoning her husband with arsenic. It was alleged that she killed him because he discovered she was having an affair with one of their lodgers. Thirty five year old Priscilla was the first woman to be executed in private in [PAR] Britain [PAR] . She ascended the steps to the platform where she said \"Surely all my troubles are over\" and \"Shame on you, you are not going to hang me.\" But Askern did, in his usual clumsy way and she reportedly died hard. [PAR] Britland, Mary Ann was executed by James Berry at Strangeways on [PAR] Monday, the 9th of August, 1886 [PAR] , becoming the first woman to be hanged there. [PAR] Thirty eight year old Mary Ann Britland was convicted of poisoning Mary Dixon, with whose husband she had been having an affair. She had also previously poisoned her own husband, Thomas and daughter, Elizabeth. [PAR] Bryant, Charlotte , hanged by Tom Pierrepoint at [PAR] Exeter [PAR] the 15th of July 1936 [PAR] . [PAR] Charlotte Bryant (33) was convicted of poisoning her husband with arsenic. [PAR] She was having an affair with their lodger and it seemed a simple way to remove her husband from the scene. Whilst awaiting execution, her previously black hair turned completely white. [PAR] Calvert, Louie , hanged by Tom Pierrepoint at Strangeways prison [PAR] Manchester [PAR] Thursday, the 24th of June, 1926 [PAR] . [PAR] Louie Calvert, also 33, had criminal tendencies and was known to the police. [PAR] She battered and strangled her landlady, Mrs. Lily Waterhouse, who had confronted her over things that had gone missing from the house and had reported Louie to the police. [PAR] In the condemned cell, she also admitted to the murder of a previous employer - John Frobisher - in 1922. She was the first woman to be hanged at Stangeways since Mary Ann Britland in 1886. [PAR] Tuesday, the 6th of March, 1900 [PAR] . [PAR] Twenty four year old Ada Chard-Williams was convicted of drowning a small child whom she had \"adopted\" for a few pounds. She was suspected of killing other children and was another \"baby farmer.\"\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd She was the last woman to hang at Newgate, subsequent female"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Epiphany - Time and Date AS Epiphany [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays Epiphany [PAR] Epiphany [PAR] Many Christians around the world annually celebrate Epiphany on January 6. It is a public holiday in many countries and marks two events in Jesus Christ\u2019s life, according to the Christian Bible. The first event was when the three wise men, or kings, visited infant Jesus. The second event was when St John the Baptist baptized Jesus. [PAR] The three wise men's (or kings') visit to baby Jesus Christ is remembered on Epiphany. [PAR] The three wise men's (or kings') visit to baby Jesus Christ is remembered on Epiphany. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/kim258 [PAR] Celebrate Epiphany [PAR] January 6, which is 12 days after Christmas in the Gregorian calendar, marks not only the end of the Christmas holidays but also the start of the Carnival season, which climaxes with Mardi Gras. In some European countries, such as the Czech Republic and Slovakia, children dress as the three kings and visit houses. In their roles as the kings, or wise men, they sing about the Jesus\u2019 birth and pay homage to the \u201cking of kings\u201d. They are rewarded with praise and cookies. [PAR] Dia de los Reyes Magos is the Latin American celebration of Epiphany. In many Latin American countries, it is the three wise men and not Santa Claus who bring gifts for children. Children write letters to the wise men telling them how good they were and what gifts they want. In France Le Jour des Rois (the Day of Kings), sometimes called the F\u00eate des Rois, is celebrated with parties for children and adults. The galette des rois, or \u201ccake of kings\u201d, highlights these celebrations. This cake is round and flat, cut into the pantry, covered with a white napkin and carried into a dining room. [PAR] Children in Spain fill their shoes with straw or grain for the three kings\u2019 horses to eat and place them on balconies or by the front door on Epiphany Eve. The next day they find cookies, sweets or gifts in their place. The \u201cthree kings\u201d make an entry in many cities in Spain on Epiphany Eve, accompanied by military bands and drummers in medieval dress. [PAR] What's Open or Closed? [PAR] Epiphany is a public holiday in countries such as Austria, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Poland, Ethiopia (but on different date that varies annually), parts of Germany, Greece, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, and Uruguay. It is not a public holiday in Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States (except the US Virgin Islands where it is a public holiday). [PAR] About Epiphany [PAR] Epiphany is commonly known as Three Kings\u2019 Day or the Feast of the Epiphany. It means \u201cmanifestation\u201d or \u201cshowing forth\u201d. It is also called Theophany (\u201cmanifestation of God\u201d), especially by Eastern Christians. Epiphany refers not only to the day itself but to the church season that follows it \u2013 a season that has a varied length because it ends when Lent begins, and this depends on the date of Easter. [PAR] It commemorates the first two occasions on which Jesus\u2019 divinity, according to Christian belief, was manifested: when the three kings (also known as wise men or Magi) visited infant Jesus in Bethlehem, and when John the Baptist baptized him in the River Jordan. The Roman Catholic and Protestant churches emphasize the visit of the Magi when they celebrate the Epiphany. The Eastern Orthodox churches focus on Jesus\u2019 baptism. [PAR] Epiphany is one of the oldest Christian feasts. It was celebrated since the end of the second century, before the Christmas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - London - Radio - Archive Photos: That's Life! BBC - London - Radio - Archive Photos: That's Life! [PAR] You are in: London > Radio > 94.9 Presenters > Breakfast > Archive Photos: That's Life! [PAR] Archive Photos: That's Life! [PAR] Esther Rantzen, presenter of Thats Life, 1975. The show ran from 1974 to 1993. Famous for some lighthearted moments the show also founded ChildLine and raised public awareness for the need for child organ transplants after the death of Ben Hardwick. [PAR] BACK"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Snap, Crackle & Pop\u00ae | Kellogg\u2019s\u00ae Rice Krispies\u00ae Snap, Crackle, Pop\u00ae | Rice Krispies\u00ae [PAR] Snap, Crackle, Pop\u00ae [PAR] Snap, Crackle & Pop\u00ae [PAR] Everyone's favorite breakfast buddies through the years Since 1941, the smiling and ever-changing faces of Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 have sat atop millions of breakfast tables across the country. But how did they get there? And what did they look like along the way? [PAR] \u201920s [PAR] \u201cYou\u2019ve got something there!\u201d 1927 \u2014 W.K. Kellogg pours milk over a brand-new, toasted rice cereal from the Kellogg test kitchen, and gives it a try. \u201cYou\u2019ve got something there!\u201d he exclaims. [PAR] Ta-DA! 1928 \u2014 Kellogg\u2019s Rice Krispies\u00ae Cereal first appears on store shelves. Everyone loved the noise the cereal made in milk. [PAR] 1929 \u2014 The words Snap! Crackle! Pop!\u00ae first appear in a print ad. [PAR] Snap, Crackle & Pop\u00ae [PAR] Everyone's favorite breakfast buddies through the years Since 1941, the smiling and ever-changing faces of Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 have sat atop millions of breakfast tables across the country. But how did they get there? And what did they look like along the way? [PAR] \u201930s [PAR] 1932 \u2014 The words Snap! Crackle! Pop!\u00ae first appear on a box of Rice Krispies\u00ae Cereal. [PAR] 1933 \u2014 Inspired by a Rice Krispies\u00ae radio commercial, artist Vernon Grant creates the characters Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122. They first appear in ads and posters. [PAR] 1933 \u2014 In a Snap\u2122, a star was born. A tiny gnome wearing a baker\u2019s hat and carrying a spoon \u2014 the earliest version of Snap\u2122 \u2014 appears on the side of the cereal box. [PAR] \u201940s [PAR] TOGETHER AT LAST 1941 \u2014 Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 join Snap\u2122 on the Rice Krispies\u00ae cereal box for the very first time. [PAR] 1949 \u2014 The boys get their first major makeover, making their features younger, their colors brighter and their hats smaller. [PAR] Snap, Crackle & Pop\u00ae [PAR] Everyone's favorite breakfast buddies through the years Since 1941, the smiling and ever-changing faces of Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 have sat atop millions of breakfast tables across the country. But how did they get there? And what did they look like along the way? [PAR] \u201950s [PAR] \"arroz TOSTADITO\" 1951 \u2014 The boys help bring Rice Krispies\u00ae Toasted Rice Cereal \u2014 or \u201carroz tostadito\u201d \u2014 to Spanish-speaking countries. [PAR] LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION! 1955 \u2014 Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 make their TV debut. This is one of their very first commercials. [PAR] \u201960s [PAR] 1962 \u2014 The boys during their SUPER-ROSY-CHEEK-PHASE. [PAR] \u201970s [PAR] 1979 \u2014 Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 have yet another makeover. This time, it\u2019s their eyes that change the most, becoming rounder and closer together. [PAR] Snap, Crackle & Pop\u00ae [PAR] Everyone's favorite breakfast buddies through the years Since 1941, the smiling and ever-changing faces of Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 have sat atop millions of breakfast tables across the country. But how did they get there? And what did they look like along the way? [PAR] \u201980s [PAR] First T-shirt 1983 \u2014 Kellogg begins licensing its characters, making the guys available for all kinds of merchandise. The first licensed item was a T-shirt featuring Snap, Crackle, Pop\u00ae and Toucan Sam\u2122. [PAR] 1984 \u2014 The guys lose their black pants and big belt buckles for more colorful clothing and kerchiefs. [PAR] \u201990s [PAR] 1991 \u2014 Snap\u2122, Crackle\u2122 and Pop\u2122 make a fashion statement \u2013 that pants are the new shoes. [PAR] \u201900s [PAR] 2008 \u2014 The boys help Rice Krispies\u00ae Cereal celebrate its 80th anniversary with a new look for the digital age. [PAR] \u201910s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Did the Months of the Year Get Their Names ... How Did the Months of the Year Get Their Names? | Wonderopolis [PAR] Wonder of the Day #89 [PAR] How Did the Months of the Year Get Their Names? [PAR] How did the months of the year get their names? [PAR] Have years always started in January and ended in December? [PAR] What is the Gregorian calendar? [PAR] Tags: [PAR] Listen [PAR] Would you believe January was not always the first month of the year ? The ancient Romans used a different calendar system , and their year began in March and ended in February! [PAR] Even though our modern system may be quite different from the ancient Romans', they gave us something very important: the months' names. [PAR] Let's take a look at how the ancient Romans chose the names of the 12 months of the year . [PAR] March: The ancient Romans insisted that all wars cease during the time of celebration between the old and new years . Since March was the first month of the new year in ancient Rome, some historians believe the Romans named March after Mars , the Roman god of war . [PAR] April: Three theories exist regarding the origin of April's name. Some say April got its name from the Latin word meaning \u201csecond\" since April was the second month on the ancient calendar . Others claim it comes from \u201caperire,\" a Latin word meaning \u201cto open ,\" because it represents the opening of buds and flowers in spring . Still others think April was named after the goddess Aphrodite. [PAR] May: May was named after Maia, an earth goddess of growing plants. [PAR] June: Apparently, June has always been a popular month for weddings! The Romans named June after Juno, the queen of the gods and patroness of marriage and weddings. [PAR] July: July was named after Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. Previously, July was called \u201cQuintilis,\" which is Latin for \u201cfifth.\" [PAR] August: August was named after Augustus Caesar in 8 B.C. Previously, August was called \u201cSextillia,\" which was Latin for \u201csixth.\" [PAR] Though we think of September, October, November, and December as months 9, 10, 11 and 12, these months were 7, 8, 9, and 10 on the ancient Roman calendar . This is how they got their names. [PAR] September: September's name comes from septem, Latin for \u201cseven.\" [PAR] October: October's name comes from octo, Latin for \u201ceight.\" [PAR] November: November's name comes from novem, Latin for \u201cnine.\" [PAR] December: December's name come from decem, Latin for \u201cten.\" [PAR] February: Around 690 B.C., Numa Pompilius turned a period of celebration at the end of the year into a month of its own, named after the festival Februa. This is how February got its name. [PAR] January: Later, Pompilius added another month to the beginning of the year and named it January after Janus, the God of beginnings and endings. [PAR] In 1582, Pope Gregory adjusted the calendar , so most western nations began celebrating the start of the year on January 1. This new calendar became known as the \"Gregorian calendar .\" [PAR] However, England and the American colonies continued to celebrate the new year on the date of the spring equinox in March. It was not until 1752 that the British and their colonies finally adopted the Gregorian calendar . [PAR] Wonder Words (18) [PAR] Test your knowledge [PAR] Wonder What's Next? [PAR] Ahhh\u2026the great outdoors. Join us tomorrow for a Wonder of the Day that\u2019s a walk in the park. [PAR] Try"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sidewinder Rattlesnake - Desert Animals Sidewinder Rattlesnake [PAR] Sidewinder Rattlesnake [PAR] There are three subspecies of Sidewinder Rattlesnake [PAR] including the Mojave Sidewinder, the Colorado [PAR] Sidewinder and the Sonoran Sidewinder. The three [PAR] subspecies inhabit various parts of Arizona, Nevada, [PAR] California, northern Mexico and Utah. [PAR] Diet [PAR] Like many other snakes the diet of the Sidewinder [PAR] consists of small rodents such as the Kangaroo Rat and [PAR] lizards. The Sidewinder uses venom to kill its prey. [PAR] Though a bite is probably not lethal to humans due to its [PAR] small size, the Sidewinder is poisonous and if bitten a [PAR] person should seek professional medical attention [PAR] immediately. [PAR] The Sidewinder can often be found buried in the sand of [PAR] the desert or in animal burrows. The Sidewinder will [PAR] mostly be seen at night as it is primarily nocturnal. [PAR] Size and Description [PAR] The length of a Sidewinder can range from 1.5 to 2.5 feet, [PAR] but Sidewinders of over 30 inches are rarely observed. A [PAR] Sidewinder can be distinguished by the raised scales [PAR] above its eyes creating a horn-like appearance. These [PAR] structures are not horns however, and they may be an [PAR] adaptation that help protect the snake's eyes. The color [PAR] of the Sidewinder is pale to brown with small dark [PAR] patches. This coloration allows the snake to blend in [PAR] with the sand."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britney Spears - Biography - IMDb Britney Spears - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Britney Spears [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 274 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (191) | Personal Quotes (71) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 4\" (1.63 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Britney Jean Spears was born in McComb (Mississippi) and raised in rural Louisiana (Kentwood) to Jamie Spears and Lynne Spears . As a child, Britney attended dance classes, and she was great at gymnastics, winning many competitions and the like. But, most of all, Britney loved to sing. At age 8, Britney tried out for The All New Mickey Mouse Club (1989), but was turned down due to her young age. This directed her to an off-Broadway show, \"Ruthless\", for a 2-year run as the title character. At age 11, she again tried for The All New Mickey Mouse Club (1989) and, this time, made it as a mouseketeer alongside many stars of today ( Justin Timberlake and J.C. Chasez of *NSYNC and Ryan Gosling ). Her big break, however, came when she was signed as a Jive Recording Artist in the late 90s. With the release of her debut album, \"...Baby One More Time\" in early 1999, Britney became an international success, selling 13 million copies of \"Baby\" and 9 million (as of July 2001) of her sophomore album, \"Oops!...I Did It Again\", released in May of 2000. [PAR] First solo artist ever to have a #1 album and single on the Billboard charts at the same time with a debut. [PAR] Worked at a novelty shop before succeeding as a singer. [PAR] One of Teen People magazine's \"21 Hottest Stars Under 21\" (1999). [PAR] Caused a stir with the American Family Association by posing in her underwear on the cover of Rolling Stone (1999). [PAR] Was one of People magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People in the World (1999). [PAR] Ended up as the youngest cast member of The All New Mickey Mouse Club (1989); during the initial audition, she won the role after Jessica Simpson freaked out at the final question during the initial audition. [PAR] Purchased a $1.5-million loft in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, for her brother Bryan Spears (2000). [PAR] Announced that she will attend college and eventually wants to study entertainment law (2000). [PAR] In her first song \"Baby One More Time\", there is a line \"My loneliness is killing me\", and in another of her songs \"Stronger\", there is a line \"My loneliness ain't killing me no more\". [PAR] Is a natural brunette. She often prefers to dye her hair blonde. [PAR] Her flesh-colored outfit at the MTV Video Music Awards created a stir, as it made her look scantily clad. [September 2000] [PAR] Requested that the writers change the lyrics of her song \"Born to Make You Happy\". The original version contained sexually explicit lyrics, and Britney felt she was too young to be singing it. [PAR] Chicago-based DNA Visual Business Solutions filed a lawsuit against her and her marketing companies, including Britney Brands, Inc., claiming that they failed to pay fees due to the web-designing company for helping set up her website, www.britneyspears.com. [October 2000] [PAR] Accepted an endorsement from Pepsi to do TV commercials promoting the soft drink. The first commercial was slated for the 2001 Academy Awards (2001). [PAR] Ranked #2 in the 2001 FHM list of \"100 Sexiest Women in the World\". [PAR] Her video for \"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know\" features her doing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Near-Death Experience Related Television Programs Near-Death Experience Related Television Programs [PAR] 2. 48 Hours [PAR] 48 Hours is an American documentary television series that airs on CBS. The series has been broadcast on the network since January 19, 1988. The series airs Saturday nights at 10 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific time) /9 p.m. (Central and Mountain time) as part of the network's placeholder Crimetime Sy nights on thaturday block; as such, the series is currently one of only two remaining first-run prime time programs (excluding sports) airing on Saturdae four major U.S. broadcast television networks, along with Fox's COPS. The program sometimes airs two hour episodes or two episodes in a row on Saturday night depending on the subject involved or to counterprogram other networks. IMDB: 48 Hours Home \u2022 48 Hours: Near-Death Experience (1997) . ARTICLES: Is There An Afterlife? \u2022 A Closer Look: Science Weighs In [PAR] [PAR] 4. America's Psychic Challenge [PAR] Lifetime's reality competition features 16 unique individuals from across the country who claim to have the gift of clairvoyance. They're going to battle it out for the coveted title of America's #1 Psychic. In each episode, contestants must prove their abilities by participating in carefully designed tests like searching for a man hidden in a hospital, doing a reading for someone without knowing their identity, precisely identifying specific details of an investigation at a murder scene and much more. The competitors are awarded points based on the number of successful predictions they make. At the conclusion of each episode, the two psychics with the fewest points are eliminated and the two with the most points will advance to the next round - all leading to the exciting season finale, where one winner will be declared! ARTICLE: Winner of America's Psychic Challenge: Micheele Whitedove . [PAR] [PAR] 5. American Paranormal: Haunted Prison [PAR] Whether it is the existence of aliens, the possibility of life after death, or sightings of strange creatures, the lure of the unknown has always been irresistible. Now, using the latest scientific techniques, this series seeks to ascertain whether these strange occurrences, myths and startling phenomena are merely illusions or actually real. Each episode highlights one topic, including: Bigfoot, one of America's most-sighted-but-never-seen beings; the Eastern State Penitentiary, one of America's most haunted locations; and a possible UFO Invasion on March 13, 1997 in Nevada and Arizona. Source: National Geographic Channel. VIDEO CLIPS: American Paranormal: Haunted Prison: Scientific Proof for Ghosts? \u2022 American Paranormal: Haunted Prison: Ghost Particles \u2022 American Paranormal: Haunted Prison: Bad Vibes . [PAR] [PAR] 9. Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe [PAR] Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe was a popular eighteen part television series looking at unexplained phenomena across the universe. It was first broadcast in the United Kingdom by independent television network ITV. It premiered on July 15, 1995. It was the sequel to Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World and Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers . The series is introduced by acclaimed science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke in short sequences filmed at his home in Sri Lanka. Clarke and his team of highly respected scientific experts travel the globe seeking the truth behind mythical creatures, ancient legends and hair-raising rituals. Is it possible for the soul to leave the body for a glimpse of Heaven - or Hell? [PAR] [PAR] 12. Beyond (The Series) [PAR] Beyond is a landmark in paranormal programming because it brings forth new explanations for many of the most compelling paranormal phenomena of our time; including ghosts, aliens, signs, prophecies as well as evidence of six forms of life that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hephaestus Hephaestus [PAR] Hephaestus [PAR] See More Hephaestus Pictures > [PAR] Hephaestus was the Greek god of blacksmiths, sculptors, metallurgy, fire and volcanoes; thus, he is symbolised with a hammer, an anvil and a pair of tongs. [PAR] According to Homer's epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, he was the son of Zeus and Hera . However, Hesiod informs us that Hera bore Hephaestus alone. According to an account, after Hephaestus was born, Hera threw him from Olympus because he was crippled; he fell into the ocean and was raised by Thetis and Eurynome . Another myth has it that he once tried to protect his mother from Zeus ' advances and as a result, the father of the Gods flung him down from Olympus, which caused his physical disability; he fell on the island of Lemnos where he became a master craftsman. He was later accepted back to Olympus, and became the craftsman of the gods, creating majestic armors, shields and weapons. [PAR] He was married to Aphrodite ; after he learned his wife had an affair with her brother, Ares , he devised a plan with which he humiliated both lovers to the other gods . [PAR] Hephaestus Is also called Vulcan."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Books of the Bible: Old Testament - Islam Awareness The Books of the Bible: Old Testament [PAR] The Books of the Bible: Old Testament [PAR] \"These are nothing but the names which ye have devised - ye and your fathers - for which God has sent down no authority whatsoever. (Quran 53:23) [PAR] The Books of the Bible are divided by the christians into two main parts : The Old Testament and the New Testament. [PAR] The Books of the Old Testament are claimed to have been received through prophets who was prior to Prophet Jesus, the Messiah. The books of the new testament are believed to be written through inspiration after Jesus. [PAR] All the books of the Old and the New Testaments together are called the Bible. Bible is the Greek word which means `book'. Both the testaments are further subdivided into two parts. The first part of the Old testament is beleived to be authentic by almost all the ancient Christians, while the authenticity of the other part is held to be doubtful and controvertial. [PAR] THE FIRST DIVISION OF THE OLD TESTAMENT [PAR] This Collction comprises of 38 books: [PAR] 1. GENESIS [PAR] The Book of Genesis describes the crreation of the earth and the skies and gives an historical account of the Prophets Adam, Noah, Abraham, Issac and Joseph. The book ends with the death of Prophet Joseph. This is also called the book of creation. [PAR] 2. EXODUS [PAR] Exodus is mainly a description of the life of the Prophet Moses. It includes the teaching of Moses, his altercations with Paraoh, Paraoh's drowning in the sea and the Oral communication of the God with Moses. It ends with the Israelites camping in the desert of Sinai. It is called Exodus because it describes the event of Israelites exodus from Egypt. [PAR] 3. LEVITICUS [PAR] Leviticus is a collection of Injunctions and laws given to the Israelites during their wanderings in the desert of Sinai. It has 27 chapters. [PAR] 4. NUMBERS [PAR] The Book of Numbers includes events of the Census of the Israelites, their history before the departure toCanaan and the injunctions of Prophet Moses revealed to him by the bank of river Jordan. It contains 36 chapters. [PAR] 5. DEUTERONOMY [PAR] The Book of Deutronomy is a collection of those events and injunctions which took place from after the period of the Book of Numbers to the death of Moses. It contains 34 chapters. [PAR] The collection of these five books together is called the Pentateuch or Torah. This is a hebrew word meaning \"the law\". The word is ocassionally used to mean Old Testament in General. [PAR] 6. THE BOOK OF JOSHUA [PAR] The Book of Joshua is ascribed to the Prophet Joshua who was the son of the nun who was a reliable servant and minister of Moses. He made war on the Amalekites and was victorious over them. The book describes his life, upto the time of his death. It contains 24 chapters. [PAR] 7. THE BOOK OF JUDGES [PAR] The Book of Judges covers the period after the death of the Joshua. The period is called the period of Judges, because due to their transgression and wickedness God set cruel, foreign kings over them to punish them untill they returned to God and repented their sins. Then some leaders were raised up among them and came to their rescue. These Israelite leaders were known as judges. It has 21 chapters. [PAR] 8. THE BOOK OF RUTH [PAR] The Book of Ruth describes the events in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Wayne: one last shot before the final farewell ... John Wayne: one last shot before the final farewell - Telegraph [PAR] Classic Movies [PAR] John Wayne: one last shot before the final farewell [PAR] In 1976, battling the cancer that would kill him, John Wayne stepped in front of the camera for one final face-off. The result was 'The Shootist\u2019, a rich and elegiac western and, says Philip Horne, a fitting swansong for Hollywood\u2019s most courageous gunslinger. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] His last stand: John Wayne in a scene from 'The Shootist' (1976), made when he was terminally ill with cancer. [PAR] [PAR] John Wayne in The Shootist Photo: PARAMOUNT/ALLSTAR [PAR] By Philip Horne [PAR] 5:51PM BST 20 Sep 2010 [PAR] During the making of The Shootist (1976), Don Siegel\u2019s rich, elegiac western about an ageing gunfighter dying of \u201ca cancer\u201d, its star John Wayne became too ill to film. The actor had had a lung removed twelve years earlier and was now struggling with the stomach cancer that would eventually lead to his death in 1979. A few days later, when Wayne bravely returned to the set, he picked a quarrel with the director, who had carried on filming a gunfight scene in his absence, over the way his character was shown killing a villain. [PAR] He forced Siegel to redo the scene, declaring: \u201cWhatever the cause, I would never shoot anyone in the back. It\u2019s unthinkable for my image\u2026 I spent many years in this business building up my image.\u201d [PAR] He certainly did \u2013 but he wasn\u2019t the only one. The 6ft 4in Marion Morrison was a former USC American football player with a few bit parts to his rather girlie name, when he was spotted carrying an armchair across the Fox Studios lot by legendary director Raoul Walsh (one-eyed, but sharp-eyed). Walsh cast him in The Big Trail (1930) \u2013 a western, the genre Wayne would above all be associated with \u2013 and renamed him after Revolutionary War general \u201cMad Anthony Wayne\u201d. [PAR] But it was director John Ford who turned Wayne into an all-time star, by casting him as the Ringo Kid, in Stagecoach (1939), which is perhaps the definitive western (though based on a Maupassant novel). [PAR] Wayne\u2019s character makes his first appearance standing on the trail, firing into the air to stop the stagecoach and, as the camera whips in to a breathless close-up, he announces that: \u201cYou might need me and this Winchester, Curly!\u201d In his dark placket-front shirt, light army-style braces, bandana and broad white hat, Ringo is a dazzling vision of male beauty and heroism. Wayne was already 32, with 78 films behind him \u2013 but the freshness of this \u201cKid\u201d is unforgettable. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] John Wayne's eye patch up for auction [PAR] 28 Sep 2011 [PAR] The Shootist opens with a montage of its hero\u2019s past exploits \u2013 taken from Red River (Howard Hawks, 1948), Hondo (John Farrow, 1953), Rio Bravo and El Dorado (Hawks, 1959 and 1966). It\u2019s clear this is a summation of Wayne\u2019s career as well as that of his character in The Shootist, JB Books. [PAR] Younger film-watchers may not be so aware of the Wayne legend, or of his films \u2013 it was against the heroic Wayne, in a sense, that the spaghetti westerns of Sergio Leone (and then Eastwood) were angled; so too were the Seventies anti-westerns of Peckinpah. [PAR] Wayne\u2019s fame is probably not dissociable, in fact, from the Cold War era \u2013 from anxieties about communism (his quite reactionary politics could be ugly)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rebecca Rolfe: person, pictures and information - Fold3.com Rebecca Rolfe: person, pictures and information - Fold3.com [PAR] Rebecca Rolfe [PAR] Connect me or another page to Rebecca Rolfe? [PAR] + [PAR] There are no stories about Rebecca. Add a story [PAR] Pictures & Records (8) [PAR] St George's Church, Gravesend located in the diocese of Rochester, Kent, England. 1 [PAR] Looking for more information about Rebecca Rolfe? [PAR] Search through millions of records to find out more. [PAR] Find more records [PAR] There are no links about Rebecca Rolfe. [PAR] Stories [PAR] Sort [PAR] Daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas is said to have saved the life of Capt. John Smith, who had been captured by the natives and brought to her village in 1608. He was to be killed and placed before an altar stone. She threw herself over his body and he was spared. Pocahontas then became an intermediary between the English settlers at Jamestown and her father and reportedly persuaded him to take food to the starving colonists. [PAR] In 1613, she was seized by Capt. Samuel Argall and taken to Jamestown and then to the new community of Henrico. From Rev. Alexander Whitaker she learned Christianity, was converted and was baptized as Rebecca. The following year, with her father's approval, she married John Rolfe. In 1615 with her family and a retinue of natives, Lady Rebecca Rolfe ventured to England, where she was received as a princess and charmed London society. While preparing to return to Virginia, she became ill and died. [PAR] 14 Jun 2015 [PAR] Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend [PAR] Not much is known about this memorable woman. What we do know was written by others, as none of her thoughts or feelings were ever recorded. Specifically, her story has been told through written historical accounts and, most recently, through the sacred oral history of the Mattaponi. Most notably, Pocahontas has left an indelible impression that has endured for more than 400 years. And yet, many people who know her name do not know much about her. [PAR] The Written History [PAR] Pocahontas was born about 1596 and named \"Amonute,\" though she also had a more private name of Matoaka. She was called \"Pocahontas\" as a nickname, which meant \"playful one,\" because of her frolicsome and curious nature. She was the daughter of Wahunsenaca (Chief Powhatan), the mamanatowick (paramount chief) of the Powhatan Chiefdom. At its height, the Powhatan Chiefdom had a population of about 25,000 and included more than 30 Algonquian speaking tribes - each with its own werowance (chief). The Powhatan Indians called their homeland \"Tsenacomoco.\" [PAR] As the daughter of the paramount chief Powhatan, custom dictated that Pocahontas would have accompanied her mother, who would have gone to live in another village, after her birth (Powhatan still cared for them). However, nothing is written by the English about Pocahontas' mother. Some historians have theorized that she died during childbirth, so it is possible that Pocahontas did not leave like most of her half-siblings. Either way, Pocahontas would have eventually returned to live with her father Powhatan and her half-siblings once she was weaned. Her mother, if still living, would then have been free to remarry. [PAR] [PAR] How a young Pocahontas might have looked. [PAR] Unknown British Museum [PAR] As a young girl, Pocahontas would have worn little to no clothing and had her hair shaven except for a small section in the back that was grown out long and usually braided. The shaven parts were probably bristly most of the time as the Powhatan Indians used mussel shells"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonanza (TV Series 1959\u20131973) - IMDb Bonanza (TV Series 1959\u20131973) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The adventures of Ben Cartwright and his sons as they run and defend their ranch while helping the surrounding community. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Little Joe falls in love with Alice Harper played by a young Bonnie Bedelia who he meets while rescuing her gambler brother John from a poker game gone bad. The two eventually marry and are expecting... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] Hoss scares a bear that has treed a green-clad little man, subsequently finds a buried strongbox filled with bags of gold dust and, when both the treasure and its owner disappear, unsuccessfully ... [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] Clint Watson and his two sons are hired by Ben Cartwright to deliver nitroglycerin to Virginia City. The journey entails hardship, recrimination and tragedy. [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 26 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 08 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 27 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Bonanza \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Golden Globes. Another 9 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Marshal Matt Dillon keeps the peace in the rough and tumble Dodge City. [PAR] Stars: James Arness, Milburn Stone, Amanda Blake [PAR] The Wild West adventures of the residents and staff of Barkley Ranch in California's San Joaquin Valley. [PAR] Stars: Richard Long, Peter Breck, Lee Majors [PAR] Gil Favor is trail boss of a continuous cattle drive; he is assisted by Rowdy Yates. The crew runs into characters and adventures along the way. [PAR] Stars: Clint Eastwood, Paul Brinegar, Steve Raines [PAR] Stories of the journeys of a wagon train as it leaves post-Civil War Missouri on its way to California through the plains, deserts and Rocky Mountains. The first treks were led by gruff, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Frank McGrath, Terry Wilson, Robert Horton [PAR] Bret and Bart Maverick (and in later seasons, their English cousin, Beau) are well dressed gamblers who migrate from town to town always looking for a good game. Poker (5 card draw) is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jack Kelly, James Garner, Roger Moore [PAR] Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. [PAR] Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton [PAR] Dressed-up dandy (derby and cane), gambler and lawman roams the West charming women and defending the unjustly accused. His primary weapon was his wit (and cane) rather than his gun. [PAR] Stars: Gene Barry, Allison Hayes, Allen Jaffe [PAR] A Civil War veteran with a sawed-off rifle as a holstered weapon makes a living as a bounty hunter in the Wild West of the 1870s. [PAR] Stars: Steve McQueen, Wright King, Olan Soule [PAR] The cases of maverick undercover New York City"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sitting Bull - Native American History - HISTORY.com Sitting Bull - Native American History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Born in the Grand River Valley in what is now South Dakota , Sitting Bull, or Tatanka Yotanka, received early recognition from his tribe as a warrior and man of vision. During his youth he joined in the usual tribal raids for horses against traditional enemies such as the Crow and Assiniboin. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The Lakota Sioux often used several names over the course of their lifetime. In his youth, Sitting Bull was known as \"Jumping Badger.\" [PAR] Because the Hunkpapa lived and hunted north of the early routes of western travel, Sitting Bull had little contact with whites until the Santee Sioux uprising in Minnesota in 1862. When the defeated Indians were driven west to the plains, he heard from them what life was like on a reservation. In July 1864, he was one of the defenders when Gen. Alfred Sully used artillery against a Teton encampment at Killdeer Mountain. It was during this period that Sitting Bull formed his resolve to keep his people away from the white man\u2019s world and never to sign a treaty that would force them to live on a reservation. [PAR] With other Sioux leaders he soon took his followers to the pristine valleys of the Powder and Yellowstone rivers where buffalo and other game were abundant. He continually warned his followers that their survival as free Indians depended upon the buffalo. During this time, Red Cloud of the Oglala subtribe was the leader of the Tetons, but Sitting Bull\u2019s influence as a holy man was steadily growing. [PAR] Beginning in the summer of 1865 columns of U.S. soldiers repeatedly invaded the Powder River country. Sitting Bull had occasional encounters with them, learning their ways of fighting, their strengths and weaknesses. [PAR] After Red Cloud signed the Fort Laramie treaty of 1868, and then agreed to live on a reservation, his influence waned. Sitting Bull\u2019s disdain for treaties and reservation life soon attracted a large following not only from the Sioux but from the Cheyenne and Arapaho. In 1873, he and Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer skirmished briefly while Custer was guarding surveyors for the Northern Pacific Railroad in Montana Territory. [PAR] Three years later they met again on the Little Bighorn in the battle that made both men famous. Sitting Bull was not a war leader in that fight, but he had predicted that many soldiers would fall, and his followers believed that his magical powers had brought the victory. Although Sitting Bull survived, an aroused and vengeful army forced him to flee to Canada. [PAR] In 1881 he returned to the United States, surrendered, and was held as a prisoner of war at Fort Randall, South Dakota Territory. After two years he was permitted to live on Standing Rock Reservation where he continued to use his influence to keep Sioux lands from being taken by the government. In 1885 he traveled for a season with Buffalo Bill Cody\u2019s wild west show. The rise of the Ghost Dance, a tribal religion that proclaimed that all whites would disappear and dead Indians and buffalo would return, brought him into disfavor with government officials in 1890 because he made no effort to stop the dancing at Standing Rock. When Indian police were sent to arrest him on December 15, 1890, Sitting Bull was killed in a melee outside his cabin. [PAR] The Reader\u2019s Companion to American History. Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, Editors. Copyright \u00a9 1991 by Houghton Mifflin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fort Sumter fired upon - Apr 12, 1861 - HISTORY.com Fort Sumter fired upon - Apr 12, 1861 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Fort Sumter fired upon [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The American Civil War begins when Confederates fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina. [PAR] The fort had been the source of tension between the Union and Confederacy for several months. After South Carolina seceded on December 20, 1860, the state demanded the fort be turned over but Union officials refused. A supply ship, the \u201cStar of the West,\u201d tried to reach Fort Sumter on January 9, but the shore batteries opened fire and drove it away. For both sides, Sumter was a symbol of sovereignty. The Union could not allow it to fall to the Confederates, although throughout the Deep South other federal installations had been seized. For South Carolinians, secession meant little if the Yankees still held the stronghold. The issue hung in the air when Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office on March 4, stating in his inauguration address: \u201cYou can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.\u201d [PAR] Lincoln did not try to send reinforcements but he did send in food. This way, Lincoln could characterize the operation as a humanitarian mission, bringing, in his words, \u201cfood for hungry men.\u201d He sent word to the Confederates in Charleston of his intentions on April 6. The Confederate Congress at Montgomery, Alabama, had decided on February 15 that Sumter and other forts must be acquired \u201ceither by negotiation or force.\u201d Negotiation, it seemed, had failed. The Confederates demanded surrender of the fort, but Major Robert Anderson, commander of Fort Sumter, refused. [PAR] At 4:30 a.m. on April 12, the Confederate guns opened fire. For thirty-three hours, the shore batteries lobbed 4,000 shells in the direction of the fort. Finally, the garrison inside the battered fort raised the white flag. No one on either side had been killed, although two Union soldiers died when the departing soldiers fired a gun salute, and some cartridges exploded prematurely. It was a nearly bloodless beginning to America\u2019s bloodiest war. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of the Little Bighorn - Native American History ... Battle of the Little Bighorn - Native American History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn [PAR] Author [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn [PAR] URL [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Battle of the Little Bighorn, fought on June 25, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839-76) against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Tensions between the two groups had been rising since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. When a number of tribes missed a federal deadline to move to reservations, the U.S. Army, including Custer and his 7th Calvary, was dispatched to confront them. Custer was unaware of the number of Indians fighting under the command of Sitting Bull (c.1831-90) at Little Bighorn, and his forces were outnumbered and quickly overwhelmed in what became known as Custer\u2019s Last Stand. [PAR] Google [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn: Mounting Tensions [PAR] Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (c.1840-77), leaders of the Sioux on the Great Plains, strongly resisted the mid-19th-century efforts of the U.S. government to confine their people to reservations. In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota\u2019s Black Hills, the U.S. Army ignored previous treaty agreements and invaded the region. This betrayal led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations and join Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana . By the late spring of 1876, more than 10,000 Native Americans had gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River\u2013which they called the Greasy Grass\u2013in defiance of a U.S. War Department order to return to their reservations or risk being attacked. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Several members ofGeorge Armstrong Custer's family were alsokilled at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, including two of his brothers, his brother-in-law and a nephew. [PAR] In mid-June, three columns of U.S. soldiers lined up against the camp and prepared to march. A force of 1,200 Native Americans turned back the first column on June 17. Five days later, General Alfred Terry ordered George Custer\u2019s 7th Cavalry to scout ahead for enemy troops. On the morning of June 25, Custer drew near the camp and decided to press on ahead rather than wait for reinforcements. [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn: Custer\u2019s Last Stand [PAR] At mid-day on June 25, Custer\u2019s 600 men entered the Little Bighorn Valley. Among the Native Americans, word quickly spread of the impending attack. The older Sitting Bull rallied the warriors and saw to the safety of the women and children, while Crazy Horse set off with a large force to meet the attackers head on. Despite Custer\u2019s desperate attempts to regroup his men, they were quickly overwhelmed. Custer and some 200 men in his battalion were attacked by as many as 3,000 Native Americans; within an hour, Custer and all of his soldiers were dead. [PAR] The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer\u2019s Last Stand, marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. The demise of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. Meanwhile, the U.S. government increased its efforts to subdue the tribes. Within five years, almost all of the Sioux and Cheyenne would be confined to reservations. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer by Gene Autry Songfacts Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer by Gene Autry Songfacts [PAR] Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer by Gene Autry Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] The story of Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer was written in 1939 by Robert L. May, a copywriter for the Chicago-based Montgomery Ward department stores, as a promotional gift for the store's customers. The stores had bought and distributed coloring books every Christmas and saw writing their own story as a way to save money. Montgomery Ward distributed 2.4 million copies of the Rudolph booklet in 1939. A total of 6 million copies had been given out by the end of 1946, even though wartime paper shortages restricted printing. [PAR] The story reflects May's own childhood difficulties as the smallest boy in his class. He was taunted for being a frail, scrawny misfit. [PAR] The reindeer was almost named Rollo or Reginald. May considered both these named before settling on Rudolph. [PAR] Rudolph's story was made into a song when May's brother-in-law, songwriter Johnny Marks, developed the lyrics and melody for it. Marks' musical version was first recorded by Gene Autry in 1949, selling 2 million copies that year. [PAR] Autry didn't want anything to do with this song. It was his wife who talked him into recording it, and it went on to become the second biggest-selling Christmas song of all time, next to Bing Crosby's \" White Christmas .\" Crosby also recorded \"Rudolph\" and landed at #14 on the pop chart in 1950. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Jeff - Boston, MA [PAR] Autry was known as \"The Singing Cowboy.\" He teamed up with Roy Rogers in the 1930s and '40s to make movies in a new genre called \"Musical Westerns.\" Autry had his own TV show in the 1950s and was the owner of the California Angels baseball team, which later became the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. [PAR] Autry, who died in 1998, is the only person with five stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which he earned for motion pictures, radio, music recording, television, and live theater. [PAR] This song was the basis for a children's TV Special made in 1964. It was narrated by Burl Ives, and became a Christmas classic. [PAR] The Chipmunks did a version that was a hit in Christmastime, 1960, reaching #21 US. The same year, a version by The Melodeers went to #71 and Paul Anka's rendition made #104. [PAR] Johnny Marks had the idea for the song jotted down in his songbook for 10 years before developing it. He spoke about the tune's legacy with interviewer Ian Whitcomb: \"I thought it was going to be a hit, but a regular hit. I didn't think it was just going to go on forever.\" [PAR] Marks also penned the Christmas classics \" Holly Jolly Christmas \" and \" Rockin' Around The Christmas Tree .\" [PAR] Because Autry's reputation was that of a Western star, he didn't feel suited to sing a Christmas song. Marks, however, was determined to change Autry's mind (even though he'd never met him). He enlisted an unknown singer named Al Cernik to record a demo in the style of Autry and shipped it to the star in California. After a long wait - and some prodding from his wife - Autry agreed to record the tune. As for Al Cernik, he became Guy Mitchell, who had a #1 hit in 1956 with \"Singing the Blues.\" [PAR] The song earned Marks millions in royalties but by 1980, he was tired of being chained to Santa's sleigh. \"This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] J. F. Cooper: The Last of the Mohicans - YouTube J. F. Cooper: The Last of the Mohicans - YouTube [PAR] J. F. Cooper: The Last of the Mohicans [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 12, 2012 [PAR] James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 -- September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the Mohicans, often regarded as his masterpiece. [PAR] The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 is a historical novel by James Fenimore Cooper, first published in February 1826. It is the second book of the Leatherstocking Tales pentalogy and the best known. The Pathfinder, published 14 years later in 1840, is its sequel. [PAR] The story takes place in 1757, during the French and Indian War (the Seven Years' War), when France and Great Britain battled for control of the North American colonies. The story takes place \"Just West of the Cuyahoga\", in the Cleveland, Ohio, Metropark regions in Lorain and Cuyahoga counties. During this war, the French called on allied Native American tribes to fight against the more numerous British colonists in this region. While the book does take liberty in the exact location of the battles depicted, it is believed that the ending battle took place in the French Creek Reserve in Avon, Ohio and Sheffield, Ohio. [PAR] Cooper named a principal character Uncas after a well-known Mohegan sachem (a head chief) who had been an ally of the English in 17th-century Connecticut. Cooper seemed to confuse or merge the names of the two tribes\u2014Mohegan and Mahican. Cooper's well-known book helped confuse popular understanding of the tribes to the present day. After the death of John Uncas in 1842, the last surviving male descendant of Uncas, the Newark Daily Advertiser wrote, \"Last of the Mohegans Gone,\" lamenting the extinction of the tribe. The writer did not realize the Mohegan people still existed. They continue to survive today and are a federally recognized tribe based in Connecticut. The Mahican were based in the Hudson River Valley and continue to survive today as a federally recognized Indian tribe as the Stockbridge-Munsee Community in Wisconsin. [PAR] The novel was one of the most popular in English in its time, although critics identified narrative flaws. Its length and formal prose style have limited its appeal to later readers, yet The Last of the Mohicans remains widely read in American literature courses. [PAR] The character Chingachgook speaks a line that holds the title, saying, \"[W]hen Uncas follows in my footsteps, there will no longer be any of the blood of the sagamores, for my boy is the last of the Mohicans.\" The title is also referred to near the end of the book, when Tamenund says, \"I have lived to see the last warrior of the wise race of the Mohicans.\" [PAR] This audio collection contains a treasury of 100 classic books and includes info on the life and times of the author, the theme of the book, the characters, the story outline,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Joseph E. Johnston - Civil War Trust Joseph E. Johnston [PAR] Joseph E. Johnston [PAR] Tweet [PAR] General Joseph E. Johnston (Library of Congress) [PAR] Joseph Eggleston Johnston was born in Farmville, Virginia in 1807. He attended and graduated from West Point in 1829 ranked 13th of 46 cadets, and was then appointed to second lieutenant in the 4th U.S. Artillery. After several years he resigned from the Army to study civil engineering and was a topographer for a war ship in the Second Seminole War, where action there convinced him to rejoin the army. He served with honors in the Mexican-American War, the Seminole Wars, and as a quartermaster general in California in 1860. [PAR] When Virginia seceded, Johnston was the highest-ranking U.S. Army officer to resign his commission. He was appointed brigadier general, and relieved Thomas \u201cStonewall\u201d Jackson of his post at Harpers Ferry in May of 1861, and then organized the Army of the Shenandoah in July of that same year. Johnston contributed to the successes at First Manassas, but it is documented that the more junior PGT Beauregard was more responsible for the actions there. [PAR] In August, Johnston was promoted to full general\u2014what is called a four-star general in the modern U.S. Army\u2014but was not pleased that three other men he had outranked in the \"old army\" now outranked him. Only Beauregard was placed behind Johnston on the list of five new generals, thus creating a tension between Johnston and Davis that would last throughout the war. [PAR] Johnston was the original commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, then known as Army of the Potomac. From this position he would defend Richmond from invading Union general George B. McClellan in the Peninsula Campaign. Cornered, Johnston finally attacked in the Battle of Seven Pines on May 31, 1862. The battle was a draw, but prevented McClellan from advancing on Richmond. Johnston was wounded at the battle, providing Davis with the opportunity to appoint Robert E. Lee to command in Johnston\u2019s stead; Lee held this position for the remainder of the war. [PAR] After recovering from his wounds, Johnston went on to command in the western theater, and was involved but not fully in control of the conflicts at Vicksburg and Chattanooga. Johnston employed his withdrawal strategies to defend against Union general Sherman \u2019s advance from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and defeated Sherman at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. [PAR] Johnston\u2019s weak offensive strategy and caution caused Davis to remove him from command in July of 1864. After much public clamor, Davis reinstated him as commander of a loosely collected department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. They were undermanned and under-supplied, but still had some short lived success at Bentonville. After many retreats and withdrawals, Johnston finally surrendered the Army of Tennessee and all remaining forces still active in his department to Sherman in April of 1865. It was the largest single surrender of war at 89,270 soldiers. [PAR] Post war, Johnston served in many business ventures, and later as a U.S. Congressman before dying of pneumonia in 1891, which was contracted at Sherman\u2019s funeral for which he was a pallbearer. He is buried in Baltimore, Maryland. [PAR] Want the Latest? Follow us on Twitter and Facebook:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gunfight at the O.K. Corral | World History Project Gunfight at the O.K. Corral | World History Project [PAR] Oct 26 1881 3:00PM [PAR] Gunfight at the O.K. Corral [PAR] The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a gunfight that occurred at about 3 P.M. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, United States. [PAR] The famous gunfight did not actually occur at the O.K. Corral. It occurred in a fifteen- to twenty-foot space between Fly's Lodging House and photographic studio, and the MacDonald assay house west of it. The end of the gunfight took place in Fremont Street. Some of the fighting was in Fremont Street in front of the vacant lot. About thirty shots were fired in thirty seconds. Although only three men were killed during the gunfight, it is generally regarded as the most famous gunfight in the history of the Old West, even though many other gunfights of the period resulted in more people killed (e.g., the Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight, the Going Snake Massacre, the Hot Springs Gunfight, and the Gunfight at Hide Park). [PAR] The gunfight at the O.K. Corral has been portrayed in numerous Western films. It has come to symbolize the struggle between law-and-order and open-banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West, where law enforcement was often weak or simply nonexistent. In other views, the fight was a more complex embodiment of some of the tensions of the American Civil War of a generation before. One group of fighters represented rural Democrats from Texas who were involved in the cattle-trade in a remote area of Arizona territory which had been desert just a few years before. The other faction (the Earps) had come from the East with the frontier, and represented the very different city interests of Yankee Republican capitalists and businessmen who were attempting to manage a silver-mining boom-town with Eastern expectations of behavior. The gunfight occurred on the physical border of these two cultures. [PAR] The proximate cause of the conflict that led up to the fight was the arrest by Virgil Earp, acting in his capacity as deputy federal marshal, of two rural \u201ccowboys\u201d for a stagecoach robbery. Drunken threats made by another cowboy against the Earps set them on guard, and when family and friends of the drunken man arrived in town on horseback the next day fully-armed, there was a misunderstanding about how and where they should disarm according to city law. Within hours, both new arrivals were dead, as also was a Cowboy standing with them, who had illegally failed to surrender his pistol the previous day. [PAR] Law enforcement (the three Earp brothers and \"Doc\" Holliday) were eventually exonerated of the killings, but later assassinations and assassination attempts against the Earps over the next six months led to a series of killings and retributions, often with federal and county lawmen supporting different sides of the conflict. The series of battles, known as the Earp Vendetta Ride, finally ended with Virgil Earp permanently crippled by gunfire and his brother Morgan killed. The Earps and Holliday were also forced to flee the territory to Colorado and California, never to return to Arizona. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Brian Hand [PAR] WARFARE OF THE EARPS AND CLANTONS [PAR] Undoubtedly the most notorious episode of Tombstone's early history occurred October 26, 1881. The Clanton gang of cowboys had refused to recognize the local supremacy of the Earps, and there was bad blood between the factions. [PAR] On the night of October 25, Ike Clanton, a prominent, though decidedly not plucky,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Africa - Encyclopedia of the Nations Africa [PAR] Africa [PAR] Burkina Faso [PAR] Burkina Faso is a landlocked West African state. With a total border length of 3,192 kilometers (1,984 miles), Burkina Faso is bordered by Mali to the north and west; Niger to the east; and Benin, Togo, Ghana, and Cote d'Ivoire to the south. [PAR] Cameroon [PAR] Located on the west coast of Central Africa, Cameroon covers an area of 475,400 square kilometers (183,695 square miles), slightly more than California. Land boundaries extend for a total of 4,591 kilometers (2,853 miles) between Nigeria to the northwest, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic (C.A.R.) to the east, and the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea to the south. [PAR] Cape Verde [PAR] Cape Verde is an archipelago of 10 islands and 5 islets situated 483 kilometers (300 miles) due west of Dakar, Senegal, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Cape Verde's total land area is 4,033 square kilometers (1,557 square miles), which makes it slightly larger than the U.S. [PAR] Central African Republic [PAR] The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari, now the Central African Republic (CAR), is well named; it is a landlocked country in the center of the African continent. Land boundaries extend for 5,203 kilometers (3,233 miles) connecting Cameroon to the west, Chad and Sudan to the north, and the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the south. [PAR] Chad [PAR] The former French colony of Chad, a landlocked country located in northern Central Africa, is more than 3 times the size of California. The country has an area of 1,284,000 square kilometers (495,755 square miles), with a land boundary length of 5,968 kilometers (3,708 miles). [PAR] Congo, Republic of The; [PAR] The Republic of the Congo (ROC) is located in Western Africa and has an area of 342,000 square kilometers (132,000 square miles). It has a modest coastline of 169 kilometers (105 miles) along the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest and shares land borders with Gabon, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic on the west and north. [PAR] C\u00f4te D'ivoire [PAR] C\u00f4te d'Ivoire (which means \"Ivory Coast\") is a West African country bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Ghana and Liberia. It has an area of 322,460 square kilometers (124,502 square miles) of which 318,000 square kilometers (122,780 square miles) are occupied by land while water occupies the remaining 4,460 square kilometers (1,722 square miles). [PAR] Djibouti [PAR] Djibouti is situated in the Horn of Africa, at the southern entrance to the Red Sea, bordering the Gulf of Aden. To the north lies Eritrea with a shared border of 113 kilometers (70 miles); to the north, west, and southwest lies Ethiopia, with a border length of 337 kilometers (209 miles); and to the southeast lies Somalia, with a border length of 58 kilometers (36 miles). [PAR] Egypt [PAR] The Arab Republic of Egypt is located in North Africa, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya to the west, the Gaza Strip to the east, and Sudan to the south. With an area of 1,001,450 square kilometers (386,659 square miles) and a coastline of 2,450 kilometers (1,522 miles), Egypt is slightly more than 3 times the size of New Mexico. [PAR] Equatorial Guinea [PAR] Equatorial Guinea is a small West African nation of 28,051 square kilometers (10,830 square miles), roughly the same size as Maryland. It consists of a mainland enclave called R\u00edo Muni, on the west coast of Africa bordering Cameroon and Gabon, and 5 small islands off the coast of Cameroon in the Bight"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pearl - Janis Joplin \u2014 Listen and discover music at Last.fm Pearl - Janis Joplin \u2014 Listen and discover music at Last.fm [PAR] Pearl [PAR] 60s [PAR] Pearl is an album by Janis Joplin, released on February 1, 1971 - four months after her death from a heroin overdose. It is her fourth album and the only album she recorded with Full Tilt Boogie. [PAR] The album has a more polished feel than the albums she recorded with Big Brother and the Holding Company and the Kozmic Blues Band due to the expertise of producer Paul A. Rothchild and her new backing musicians. Rothchild was best known as the\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Tracklist"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Populated Countries in the World - Top Ten Most Populated Countries in the World - Top Ten [PAR] Countries With Lowest Murder Rates [PAR] Most Populated Countries in the World [PAR] Top Ten Most Populated Countries is an interactive map showing countries with highest population. Top countries include China, India and USA. [PAR] Interactive Map [PAR] Disclaimer: All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited,its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] Static Map [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited,its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] Population of the world is increasing day by day and as per the latest estimates the world population in standing close to 7 billion. [PAR] Most populated countries map is a representation of the top 10 countries contributing the most towards this population explosion. [PAR] Map of most populated countries indicates that China with a total population of 1,35,56,92,576 China contributes 20% towards the world population. In the list of most populated countries, china takes the first spot. [PAR] As per the stats on the map, India with a total population of 1,23,63,44,631, United States with a total population of 31,88,92,103, Indonesia with a total population of 25,36,09,643 and Brazil with a total population of 20,26,56,788 have taken the spot of second to fifth respectively. [PAR] Map of most populated countries also indicates that Russia has the lowest population density and Bangladesh has the highest population density in this list of top 10 most populated countries of the world.[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Most Densely Populated Countries in the World ... Top Ten Most Densely Populated Countries in the World | WhichCountry.co [PAR] 25 [PAR] SHARES [PAR] Population density is a geographic term which can be defined as the measure of number of living organisms (Primarily or particularly Human beings i.e. individuals & secondarily animals & other Species) per unit area or unit volume of mostly the land or other geographical elements covered or covering by the land. Hence population density can be further divided into Biological & Human population densities. But the Subject demands later one to be discussed & described. Here is a list scrolling the top ten countries, sovereign states, territories, dependencies or domains with most dense populations per Square kilometers. Scroll to acknowledge or improve your general knowledge by official report published by whichcountry.co team. [PAR] Top Ten Most Densely Populated Countries in the World [PAR] 10. Malta [PAR] Population Density Rate: 1,296.95 people per Sq. Km [PAR] Area: 316 Sq.Km [PAR] GDP (PPP) /Capita: $ 27,022 [PAR] GDP (nominal)/ Capita: $20,852 [PAR] Malta is located on the south of Europe in Mediterranean Sea. It only seizes a bit more than 316 Sq. Km or 122 sq. miles are which distinct her as one of the most small &dense places on the earth. Malta is one of the only three populated islands; Gozo & Comino being the other two. Malta is also accredited as the land with the best climatic outlook in the world because of its mildly-chilled winters & comfy summers along with mild rainfall levels. But the picture has another side too; the rainfall is limited to winters only and the summers are subjected to droughts causing a production of mere 20% of the total annual food needs as there is a scarcity of water & plenty of sunlight in summers. Economy has a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rolling Stones (Jagger & Richards) - BMG The Rolling Stones (Jagger & Richards) [PAR] The Rolling Stones (Jagger & Richards) [PAR] Musician/Band [PAR] London, UK [PAR] Biography [PAR] The creative partnership at the heart of The Rolling Stones, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, have written some of the best-loved songs of the past five decades, and have been mainstays of the charts for just as long, not only as performers but also as composers. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards are currently garnering superlative reviews on their group's 50th Tour, demonstrating with every show the lasting appeal of their peerless, self-penned repertoire. [PAR] Their zeitgeist-defining, chart-topping singles of the sixties 'The Last Time', '(I Can't Get No) [PAR] read more ... [PAR] The creative partnership at the heart of The Rolling Stones, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, have written some of the best-loved songs of the past five decades, and have been mainstays of the charts for just as long, not only as performers but also as composers. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards are currently garnering superlative reviews on their group's 50th Tour, demonstrating with every show the lasting appeal of their peerless, self-penned repertoire. [PAR] Their zeitgeist-defining, chart-topping singles of the sixties 'The Last Time', '(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction', 'Let's Spend The Night Together', 'Jumpin' 'Jack Flash' and 'Honky Tonk Women' have been covered by the likes of The Who, Otis Redding, Devo, Britney Spears, David Bowie and Aretha Franklin as well as Ike & Tina Turner. Seventies cuts such as 'Wild Horses', \u2018Tumbling Dice\u2019 and \u2018Beast Of Burden\u2019 have become just as timeless and been successfully revived by Susan Boyle, Linda Ronstadt and Bette Midler respectively. Eighties biggie \u2018Start Me Up \u2018has proved a winner several times over, featuring in memorable marketing campaigns for Microsoft in 1995, Ford in 2003 and Omega in 2012, and demonstrating the cross-generational potential of the Jagger and Richards songbook. Another of their recent compositions, the soulful ballad \u2018Streets Of Love*\u2019, was used by Vodafone Italy in 2005 and featured in several episodes of the NBC soap \u2018Days Of\u2019 \u2018Our Lives\u2019. Indeed, film-makers as diverse as Martin Scorsese, Stanley Kubrick, Ron Howard, Terry Gilliam, Spike Jonze and Wes Anderson have included Mick Jagger and Keith Richards compositions in their movie soundtracks, while vibrant, current rocker \u2018Doom And Gloom*\u2019, the latest addition to their considerable catalogue, is featured in \u2018A Good Day To Die Hard\u2019, the recent blockbuster starring Bruce Willis. [PAR] Childhood friends and classmates in their native Dartford, Kent in the 1950s, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards lost touch after attending different schools in their teens but reconnected when they met at their local train station in 1960. Having bonded over their mutual love of American rhythm and blues, they formed the Rolling Stones primarily as a vehicle to popularize that type of music in the UK. However, their songwriting ability was apparent as early as 1964 when they included their own composition, the pop ballad \u2018Tell\u2019 \u2018Me\u2019,\u2019 \u2018on their eponymous debut album. [PAR] \u201cIt's very different from doing those R&B covers or Marvin Gaye covers and all that. There's a definite feel about it. It's a very pop song, as opposed to all the blues songs and the Motown covers, which everyone did at the time,\u201d Mick Jagger told \u2018Rolling Stone \u2018magazine's Jann Wenner in 1995. [PAR] Andrew Loog Oldham, the group's manager through most of the 1960s, wanted Mick Jagger and Keith Richards to compose more original material for the Rolling Stones to record so he simply locked them up in a kitchen until they came up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Copper-Tin Alloys: The Bronzes - Total Materia Copper-Tin Alloys: The Bronzes [PAR] Copper-Tin Alloys: The Bronzes [PAR] Abstract: [PAR] The important alloys of copper and tin from an industrial point of view are the bronzes comprised within certain limits of tin content. As in the case of the brasses, the addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions. [PAR] The addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions which, in accordance with usual practice, are referred to in order of diminishing copper content as the \u00e1, \u00e2, a, etc., constituents. [PAR] The important alloys of copper and tin from an industrial point of view are the bronzes comprised within certain limits of tin content. As in the case of the brasses, the addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions. The constitutional diagram of copper-tin alloys is very complex, but that part of it which deals with alloys of industrial importance is reproduced in Fig. 1. [PAR] Figure 1. Constitutional Diagram of the Copper-Tin Alloys [PAR] The addition of tin to copper results in the formation of a series of solid solutions which, in accordance with usual practice, are referred to in order of diminishing copper content as the \u00e1, \u00e2, a, etc., constituents. The diagram may be summarized as follows: [PAR] Percentage composition [PAR] Constituent just below the freezing point [PAR] Constituent after slow cooling to 400\u00b0C [PAR] Copper [PAR] \u00e2\u2013>(\u00e1 + \u00e2) [PAR] \u00e1 + \u00e4 [PAR] Further changes on cooling from 400\u00b0C to room temperature are so sluggish that they only occur in conditions very far removed from actual practice. [PAR] The \u00e1 solution is the softest of the constituents; it may be rolled or stamped cold, but it hardens under this treatment much more rapidly decreases than \u00e1-brass. [PAR] The \u00e2 and a constituents do not exist in the alloy slowly cooled to room temperature: this is due to successive changes occurring at 586\u00b0C and 520\u00b0C whereby \u00e2 is resolved into \u00e1 +a and a into \u00e1 + \u00e4. [PAR] The \u00e4 constituent has the crystal structure of a-brass. It has a narrow range of composition corresponding approximately to the formula Cu3lSn8 and, like all intermetallic compounds, is extremely hard and brittle. The \u00e4 -> (\u00e1 + l) change at 350\u00b0C does not occur in commercial practice, though alloys richer in tin may contain the a constituent, which corresponds to Cu3Sn, and the \u00e7 solid solution, which approximates to the composition CuSn. [PAR] 95:5 Copper-Tin Alloy [PAR] On cooling from the liquid condition, the solid solution which first forms contains only about 2 percent of tin. Thus the cast metal has a cored structure and the coring is very marked because of the long range between liquidus and solidus; but it may be eliminated by diffusion on cooling more slowly or by annealing. [PAR] Any absorption of oxygen occurring during manufacture results in the presence of SnO2 in the alloy, tending to make it brittle. A deoxidizer such as zinc is therefore frequently added. The addition of zinc, as in coinage bronze, causes no change in the microscopical appearance of the homogeneous \u00e1 constituent. The zinc, however, exerts its deoxidizing effect in the liquid, and slight hardening effect on the solid solution. The structure of a bronze coin shows marked deformation of the crystals. On annealing, recrystallization takes place with subsequent crystal growth. Twinning is a characteristic feature of the cold-worked and annealed alloy. [PAR] 90:10 Copper-Tin Alloy [PAR] This is typical gun-metal,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steel Magnolias (1989) - IMDb Steel Magnolias (1989) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A young beautician, newly arrived in a small Louisiana town, finds work at the local salon, where a small group of women share a close bond of friendship and welcome her into the fold. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 24 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 03 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 30 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 15 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 13 Aug 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Steel Magnolias \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A housewife who is unhappy with her life befriends an old lady in a nursing home and is enthralled by the tales she tells of people she used to know. [PAR] Director: Jon Avnet [PAR] A young woman fakes her own death in an attempt to escape her nightmarish marriage, but discovers it is impossible to elude her controlling husband. [PAR] Director: Joseph Ruben [PAR] A terminally ill woman has to settle on her former husband's new lover, who will be their children's stepmother. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] Three teenage girls come of age while working at a pizza parlor in the Connecticut town of Mystic. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] A privileged rich debutante and a cynical struggling entertainer share a turbulent, but strong childhood friendship over the years. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] After she discovers that her boyfriend has betrayed her, Hilary O'Neil is looking for a new start and a new job. She begins to work as a private nurse for a young man suffering from blood ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] An unemployed single mother becomes a legal assistant and almost single-handedly brings down a California power company accused of polluting a city's water supply. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] A woman's world is rocked when she discovers her husband is cheating on her. [PAR] Director: Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m [PAR] When a woman's long-time friend reveals he's engaged, she realizes she loves him herself and sets out to get him, with only days before the wedding. [PAR] Director: P.J. Hogan [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful prostitute he meets... only to fall in love. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] A reporter is assigned to write a story about a woman who has left a string of fiances at the altar. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Revolving around Truvy's Beauty Parlor in a small parish in modern-day Louisiana, STEEL MAGNOLIAS is the story of a close-knit circle of friends whose lives come together there. As the picture opens, we find Drum Eatenton shooting birds in the trees of his back yard in preparation for his daughter's wedding reception that afternoon. Shortly thereafter, M'Lynn and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why horror\u2026? | sleeping with the light on Why horror\u2026? | sleeping with the light on [PAR] sleeping with the light on [PAR] Things that go bump in the night [PAR] Menu [PAR] / sleepingwiththelighton [PAR] \u201cThe great fish moved silently through the night water, propelled by short sweeps of its crescent tail. The mouth was open just enough to permit a rush of water over the gills. There was little other motion: an occasional correction of the apparently aimless course by the slight raising or lowering of a pectoral fin \u2013 as a bird changes direction by dipping one wing and lifting the other. The eyes were sightless in the black, and the other senses transmitted nothing extraordinary to the small, primitive brain.\u201d Jaws, Peter Benchley. [PAR] I was eight years old and lying in my parents\u2019 bed; my dad on his night shift at Fords\u2019 Car Factory, and my mum asleep. My sisters and I took turns to sleep with her when dad was away. My turn meant that I could sneak a peak at the book she was reading. That week it was Jaws. [PAR] \u201cA hundred yards offshore, the fish sensed a change in the sea\u2019s rhythm. It did not see the woman, nor yet did it smell her.\u201d [PAR] My recollection is vivid, just enough lamplight to read by in that dark room, me turning the pages carefully, so as not to disturb my mum, and that creeping sense of horror that made me want to stop whilst not letting me go. I was unable to stop myself, my heart beat faster than usual. I practiced pronouncing the longer words under my breath \u2013 uncertain of their meaning \u2013 but they felt delicious on my tongue. Something awful was about to happen. [PAR] \u201cThe fish turned towards shore.\u201d [PAR] I had cut my teeth on Enid Blyton: Mr Pink Whistle, The Magic Far Away Tree, and The Wishing Chair; and a little later, The Secret Seven and The Famous Five. I had been moved up a year in school on account of my advanced reading age. No super genius, super prodigy child here, just an innate love of words and stories and imagined, far away worlds. That, and the insistence that my dad bought me books, books that I could walk into and live in, that tingled my skin and made my eyes pop with possibilities. [PAR] And here, already, with the tatty paperback of Jaws clutched in my hands, I was experiencing a tiny drop in the ocean of books; the wonderful possibilities of what there would be to read as a big person. [PAR] \u201cShe knew that the warm, pulsing flow over her fingers in the chill water was her own blood.\u201d [PAR] It took me a little while to read those first seven or eight pages, but that seed was well and truly planted. I can\u2019t claim to have read the entire book. I think it probably seemed too overwhelming, too huge, not to mention the limited opportunities I would have to read what would be a forbidden text for an eight year old, but it captured my imagination. It was my earliest influence, my first introduction to the dark side. [PAR] \u201cThe fish, with the woman\u2019s body in its mouth, smashed down on the water with a thunderous splash, spewing foam and blood and phosphorescence in a gaudy shower.\u201d [PAR] In the same bedroom, in the same flat, around about the age of eight, I discovered the Stephen King novel, Carrie, under my parents\u2019 bed. I did the same,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Marley was dead: to begin with.\" The enduring charm of A ... \"Marley was dead: to begin with.\" The enduring charm of A Christmas Carol - The Hub [PAR] The Hub [PAR] \u201cMarley was dead: to begin with.\u201d The enduring charm of A Christmas Carol [PAR] Published December 19, 2014 [PAR] I personally love the book A Christmas Carol and I read it every December. It\u2019s not a long book, which is probably why it\u2019s a favorite classic of the overwhelmed high school student as well as this librarian with a \u201cto read\u201d list a mile long. I\u2019m also a big fan of Christmas, and Christmas specials, and books about Christmas. I\u2019ll admit that I\u2019ve never been a huge fan of Dickens\u2019 longer works. In high school we read Great Expectations, and I remember very little of it except that it was particularly hard to follow, which kind of turned me off of anything else he\u2019d written for a while. But a few years ago I decided I\u2019d give A Christmas Carol a chance, and it became one of my favorite books. [PAR] The language that Dickens used is unlike anything we use in everyday communication in 2014. Not once does Tiny Tim ever LOL, and none of the Ghosts ever *smh* at Scrooge and his cluelessness. Honestly, I can see how it could be hard for some to sit down and read page after page of the lengthy descriptions Dickens used- after all, we want to get to the meat of the story with the ghosts and the grumpy old man learning to appreciate kindness and friendship over money- but when we take the time to read what Dickens wrote he paints some amazing images in our heads. [PAR] Take the opening line: \u201cMarley was dead: to begin with.\u201d* As far as first lines in a book go, that one is pretty darn good. [PAR] His description of Ebenezer Scrooge leaves no doubt we are dealing with a very unpleasant character: [PAR] \u201cOh! But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!\u201d [PAR] Dickens is not without humor, as evidenced by this part of Scrooge\u2019s conversation with Marley, whom we must remember was dead to begin with, that always makes me chuckle: [PAR] \u201cYou will be haunted,\u201d resumed the Ghost, \u201cby Three Spirits.\u201d [PAR] Scrooge\u2019s countenance fell almost as low as the Ghost\u2019s had done. [PAR] \u201cIs that the chance and hope you mentioned, Jacob?\u201d he demanded, in a faltering voice. [PAR] \u201cIt is.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI \u2014 I think I\u2019d rather not,\u201d said Scrooge. [PAR] \u201cWithout their visits,\u201d said the Ghost, \u201cyou cannot hope to shun the path I tread. Expect the first to-morrow, when the bell tolls One.\u201d [PAR] \u201cCouldn\u2019t I take \u2019em all at once, and have it over, Jacob?\u201d hinted Scrooge. [PAR] The Ghost of Christmas Present makes a great impression upon Scrooge when they first meet by completely transforming Scrooge\u2019s barren rooms into something he had never seen before, and Dickens describes it to every detail: [PAR] \u201cIt was his own room. There was no doubt about that. But it had undergone a surprising transformation. The walls and ceiling were so hung with living green, that it looked a perfect grove; from every part of which, bright gleaming berries glistened. The crisp leaves of holly, mistletoe, and ivy reflected back the light, as if so many little mirrors had been scattered there; and such a mighty blaze went roaring up the chimney, as that dull petrification of a hearth had never known in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Last night I dreamed I went to Mandalay again | I visited ... Last night I dreamed I went to Mandalay again | I visited Me\u2026 | Flickr [PAR] Keith Mason By: Keith Mason [PAR] Last night I dreamed I went to Mandalay again [PAR] I visited Menabilly which was the inspiration for Mandalay - the setting for \"Rebecca\" by Daphne du Maurier . In the story a yacht is scuttled in the bay near the house. This is the beach. I visited on the day of gale storm winds, high spring tides and stormy weather. It was somehow suited to the gothic setting of the story. [PAR] [PAR] This picture has recently been published in a Cornish magazine about Menabilly. [PAR] Done"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quote Details: Charles Dickens: It was the best... - The ... Quote Details: Charles Dickens: It was the best... - The Quotations Page [PAR] Quotation #29595 from Classic Quotes : [PAR] It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to heaven, we were all going direct the other way - in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. [PAR] Charles Dickens , A Tale of Two Cities [PAR] English novelist (1812 - 1870)[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: A Tale of Two Cities: Important Quotations ... SparkNotes: A Tale of Two Cities: Important Quotations Explained [PAR] Important Quotations Explained [PAR] A Tale of Two Cities [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] Book the Third: The Track of a Storm Chapters 11\u201315 [PAR] Key Facts [PAR] 1. [PAR] It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. . . . [PAR] These famous lines, which open A Tale of Two Cities, hint at the novel\u2019s central tension between love and family, on the one hand, and oppression and hatred, on the other. The passage makes marked use of anaphora, the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of consecutive clauses\u2014for example, \u201cit was the age . . . it was the age\u201d and \u201cit was the epoch . . . it was the epoch. . . .\u201d This technique, along with the passage\u2019s steady rhythm, suggests that good and evil, wisdom and folly, and light and darkness stand equally matched in their struggle. The opposing pairs in this passage also initiate one of the novel\u2019s most prominent motifs and structural figures\u2014that of doubles, including London and Paris, Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay, Miss Pross and Madame Defarge, and Lucie and Madame Defarge. [PAR] 2. [PAR] A wonderful fact to reflect upon, that every human creature is constituted to be that profound secret and mystery to every other. A solemn consideration, when I enter a great city by night, that every one of those darkly clustered houses encloses its own secret; that every room in every one of them encloses its own secret; that every beating heart in the hundreds of thousands of breasts there, is, in some of its imagin-ings, a secret to the heart nearest it! Something of the awfulness, even of Death itself, is referable to this. [PAR] The narrator makes this reflection at the beginning of Book the First, Chapter 3, after Jerry Cruncher delivers a cryptic message to Jarvis Lorry in the darkened mail coach. Lorry\u2019s mission\u2014to recover the long-imprisoned Doctor Manette and \u201crecall\u201d him to life\u2014establishes the essential dilemma that he and other characters face: namely, that human beings constitute"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary Poppins: A Woman of Many Personalities | Academic ... Mary Poppins: A Woman of Many Personalities | Academic About mary, poppins, review, character, analysis, reading, book, movie, film, musical, stage and play [PAR] Report Abuse Home > Nonfiction > Academic > Mary Poppins: A Woman of Many Personalities [PAR] Mary Poppins: A Woman of Many Personalities [PAR] By shelbytakespix , ghjkl;, FL [PAR] Image Credit: Elaina V., Canton, OH [PAR] The author's comments: [PAR] This is a character analysis and a comparison of Mary Poppins' relationships with the Banks children, Bert, and Mr. Banks and how these relationships change within the book, film, and stage adaptations. [PAR] \u201cIf you want to find Cherry-Tree Lane all you have to do is ask the Policeman at the cross-roads. He will push his helmet slightly to one side, scratch his head thoughtfully, and then he will point his huge white-gloved finger and say: \u2018First to your right, second to your left, sharp right again, and you\u2019re there. Good-morning.\u2019\u201d (Travers 2). These are the directions any regular nanny would follow. However, in the case of a certain Mary Poppins, air is the most suitable path to 17 Cherry-Tree Lane. She knocks on the door only to be greeted by a gruff Mr. Banks. Four children run hectically behind him. A charismatic screever, Bert, draws life-like illustrations on the pavement if the weather is fine or sells matches if the weather is bad. How Mary Poppins interacts with each of these characters varies depending on the adaptation of the story. Her actions and interactions also help to set the mood and tone of the adaptation. In P.L Travers\u2019s novel Mary Poppins, the titular character is portrayed as a grim, ugly old woman. However, in the film and stage adaptations of the story, Mary Poppins is portrayed in a different light. Like her personality and appearance, Mary Poppins\u2019 relationship with the children, Bert, and Mr. Banks varies in the three works which results in significant differences between the adaptations. [PAR] Mary Poppins\u2019 most notable relationship is that which she has with the children. In the original book, Mary Poppins is portrayed as an ugly, older woman who denies she is magical but does not try to hide it at all. She is known by other magical creatures as \u201cThe Great Exception\u201d because she maintained the magical abilities all children have. For example, she is capable of communicating with animals. When the children mention her magical powers, Mary Poppins denies them sternly and punishes the children when they acknowledge them. In the book, there are four children: Jane, Michael, John and Barbara. Mary Poppins only takes Jane and Michael on her adventures because the twins, John and Barbara, are too young. She later brings the twins with her, Jane, and Michael on their adventures in the second book, Mary Poppins Comes Back, which was published a year after Mary Poppins in 1935. However, in the film and stage adaptations, there are only two Banks children: Jane and Michael. Unlike her stern personality in the book, Mary Poppins is stern but still maintains a gentle and admirable disposition. Jane and Michael, prior to Mary Poppins\u2019 arrival, sing a tune outlining the perfect nanny. They sing: [PAR] Have a cheery disposition. Rosy cheeks. No warts. Play games, all sorts. You must be kind you must be pretty, very sweet and fairly pretty. Take us on outings, give us treats. Sing songs bring sweets. Never be cross or cruel. Never feed us Custer oil or gruel. Bleh! Love us as a song and daughter and never smell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quote by J.K. Rowling: \u201cMr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number ... Quote by J.K. Rowling: \u201cMr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four Privet Dri...\u201d [PAR] We\u2019d love your help. Let us know what\u2019s wrong with this preview of [PAR] Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone [PAR] by J.K. Rowling."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macbeth Glossary - Thunder, lightning or in rain Macbeth Glossary - Thunder, lightning or in rain [PAR] Macbeth Glossary [PAR] First Witch. When shall we three meet again [PAR] In thunder, lightning, or in rain? (1-2) [PAR] Here the Witches are not asking about the type of weather in which they should next meet, but when they should next meet. Interestingly, these lines follow the punctuation set by an early editor of the play. In Shakespeare's First Folio (1623) , we have instead: [PAR] When shall we three meet again? [PAR] In Thunder, Lightning, or in Rain? [PAR] Allan Park Paton, in The tragedy of Macbeth: according to the first folio explains: [PAR] These lines are thus printed in the Folio of 1623, with a mark of interrogation after each, and, having the author's blotless manuscript before them, we cannot think it possible that Heminge and Condell could have allowed a mistake to occur in the printing of the very first line of the work, and must, therefore, believe that it is the Poet's mark of interrogation, religiously retained through the three succeeding Folios, which stands there. Yet Sir Thomas Hanmer removed it, as if it were a slip on the part of the printer, and in all the modern editions that we are acquainted with, the lines run: [PAR] When shall we three meet again [PAR] In thunder, lightning, or in rain? [PAR] which is a different thing. It seems to us that Shakespeare could not manage without the two marks of interrogation, odd as they look: that he found it necessary so to arrange the lines, to tell his meaning, which was: \"All our meetings are in thunder, lightning, or in rain, when shall our next be?\" not, \"We meet sometimes under other elemental circumstances, but when shall we meet again in thunder, lightning, or in rain?\" and this opportunity may be taken to note the importance of remembering, as we study the 1623 Folio, that, though occasionally confused through obvious misprinting, we have before us there, Shakespeare's pointing, as well as his words.[DOC] [TLE] When shall we three meet again - Shakespeare Quotes When shall we three meet again - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] When shall we three meet again [PAR] 1st Witch: [PAR] \"When shall we three meet again [PAR] In thunder, lightning, or in rain?\" [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] With these words Macbeth begins. This dark tragedy opens with three of the most memorable characters in literature, the Weird Sisters, ugly evil hags, witches who stir their cauldron and conjure up curses and predictions (\"Fair is foul and foul is fair.\" I, i,12). They set a brooding stage for their encounter with Macbeth, a Scottish warlord who aspires to be King. They agree to meet again later that evening on the heath which Macbeth will cross as he returns from battle. During this meeting they set into motion a course of events that will lead to Macbeth's tragic downfall. This trio of howling, shrieking witches, who cackle with glee over their evil plans, will return later in the play to complete the final marriage of chaos and murder."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Mongoose? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK What is a Mongoose? (with pictures) [PAR] What is a Mongoose? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 10 November 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] Top 10 unbelievable historical concurrencies [PAR] A mongoose is a carnivorous mammal in the family Herpestidae, which also includes meerkats. The small mammals are perhaps most famous for their snake killing skills in India, where they are sometimes kept as pets. The family was immortalized in Rikki Tikki Tavi, a story about a mongoose written by Rudyard Kipling. In many parts of the world, the animal is considered lucky, probably because of its formidable skills as a predator. [PAR] The name comes from the Marathi language of India, in which the animal is known as a mangus. Since the mongoose is not in any way shape or form related to geese, there is some debate about the appropriate pluralization of the animal. Some people prefer \u201cmongeese,\u201d standardizing the animal with the plural of \u201cgoose,\u201d while others use \u201cmongooses.\u201d Both are technically correct, although many people find the second to be an awkward construction. [PAR] Around 40 species of animal are considered to be mongeese. All of them have elongated bodies, long tails, and short legs, with pointed snouts and small, curved ears. The claws are well suited for digging, as is the construction of the animal's body. Many species can fold their ears so that dirt does not penetrate them while digging, and none is able to retract its sharp claws. [PAR] Ad [PAR] Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe all host these mammals. They feed on small mammals, snakes, insects, and sometimes fruits and seeds as well. Despite their small size, they are excellent hunters, making them popular animals to have around in areas that are beset by mice and other small pests. In fact, the animals are such efficient hunters that they have been banned from the United States out of concern that they might threaten native animal species. Some biologists consider the mongoose to be among the most destructive introduced species, since it can devastate native animal populations. [PAR] The slender, agile animals are kept as pets in many regions, since they are relatively easy to domesticate and serve a useful function. Their famous fighting abilities against snakes have made them popular with snake charmers, who may use the animals in mock fights. Contrary to popular belief, the mongoose is not impervious to snake venom \u2014 the animals have simply evolved a system for killing snakes without being bitten. They also generally do not eat the snakes they kill, and only kill them as a defensive measure. [PAR] Ad [PAR] lonelygod [PAR] Post 9 [PAR] I think if you are curious to learn more about the mongoose, it is a good idea to visit your local zoo and see if they have any on display. I have found that getting up close to animals at the zoo can be very informative, especially if there is a zookeeper around to talk with. [PAR] You can also check your zoo to see if they have any close encounter programs. These kinds of mini-internships allow you to be a zookeeper for a day, and help feed the animals and learn more about them. I found that preparing food for the animals to be a fun experience, but not for those with weak stomachs, especially if you are working with carnivores. [PAR] popcorn [PAR] Post 8 [PAR] I am actually surprised to learn that some people, beyond snake charmers, actually would keep a mongoose as a pet. I have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Conservatree Conservatree [PAR] How much paper can be made from a tree? [PAR] Or, alternatively, how many trees are needed to make a given amount of paper? [PAR] There is no simple answer to these questions, and all calculations can be no better than \"ballpark estimates.\" [PAR] Many people have heard the statistic that \"a ton of recycled paper saves 17 trees.\" The \"17 trees\" number was popularized by Conservatree when it was a paper distributor, based on a report to Congress in the 1970s. It was calculated for newsprint, which is made in a totally different papermaking process from office and printing papers. But it was the best number anyone had, so it became the number everyone used to calculate number of trees saved by recycled paper, or number of trees cut to make virgin paper, no matter what type of paper they were talking about. [PAR] Paper is made from a mix of types of trees. Some are hardwood, some are softwood. In addition, some are tall, some old, some wide, some young, some thin. Many of the \"trees\" used to make paper are just chips and sawdust. [PAR] So how can one talk about a \"typical tree\"? And do numbers calculated 30 years ago still apply to today's much more efficient paper industry? [PAR] We decided it was time to update these numbers, so Conservatree has tracked down some ways to make ballpark estimates more reliable than in the past. [PAR] CONSIDERATIONS IN CALCULATING TREES TO PAPER [PAR] What kind of paper are you talking about? [PAR] Paper made in a \"mechanical\" or \"groundwood\" process (e.g. newsprint, telephone directories, base sheet for low-cost coated magazine and catalog papers) [PAR] uses trees about twice as efficiently as [PAR] paper made in the \"kraft\" or \"freesheet\" process (e.g. office and printing papers, letterhead, business cards, copy paper, base sheet for higher-quality coated magazine and catalog papers, advertising papers, offset papers). [PAR] Is the paper \"coated\" or \"uncoated\"? [PAR] The fiber in a coated paper (most often used for magazines and catalogs, with a clay coating that may be glossy or matte, or other finishes) may be only a little more than 50% of the entire sheet, because the clay coating makes up so much of the weight of the paper. [PAR] As a ballpark estimate, you can use .64 as the fiber estimate for coated papers compared to the entire weight of the sheet. (Fiber estimate calculation by Alliance for Environmental Innovation) [PAR] So how many trees would make a ton of paper? [PAR] Claudia Thompson, in her book Recycled Papers: The Essential Guide (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992), reports on an estimate calculated by Tom Soder, then a graduate student in the Pulp and Paper Technology Program at the University of Maine. He calculated that, based on a mixture of softwoods and hardwoods 40 feet tall and 6-8 inches in diameter, it would take a rough average of 24 trees to produce a ton of printing and writing paper, using the kraft chemical (freesheet) pulping process. [PAR] If we assume that the groundwood process is about twice as efficient in using trees, then we can estimate that it takes about 12 trees to make a ton of groundwood and newsprint. (The number will vary somewhat because there often is more fiber in newsprint than in office paper, and there are several different ways of making this type of paper.) [PAR] SOME TYPICAL CALCULATIONS [PAR] 1 ton of uncoated virgin (non-recycled) printing and office paper uses 24 trees [PAR] 1 ton of 100% virgin (non-recycled) newsprint uses"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miles To Meters (m) - How many meters in a mile Miles to Meters (m) - How many meters in a mile ? [PAR] Miles to Meters Conversion [PAR] How many meters in a mile ? [PAR] From miles to meters (and from meters to miles) online converters and conversion tables. If wondering how many meters in a mile (or how many miles in a meter), then please use the converters below. The printable conversion table is also provided at the bottom of the page for quick access to the most converted units. [PAR] 1 Mile = 1609.344 Meters [PAR] 1 Meter = 0.000621371192 Mile [PAR] Mile is an imperial and U.S. customary length unit. It equals to 5280 feet. It's also called land (statute) mile. The abbreviation is \"mi\". [PAR] Meter is a metric system base length unit and defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. The abbreviation is \"m\". [PAR] For other unit conversions, please go to Length Conversion [PAR] Miles to Meters Converter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genesis 5:27 Altogether, Methuselah lived a total of 969 ... Genesis 5:27 Altogether, Methuselah lived a total of 969 years, and then he died. [PAR] Matthew Henry Commentary [PAR] 5:25-32 Methuselah signifies, 'he dies, there is a dart,' 'a sending forth,' namely, of the deluge, which came the year that Methuselah died. He lived 969 years, the longest that any man ever lived on earth; but the longest liver must die at last. Noah signifies rest; his parents gave him that name, with a prospect of his being a great blessing to his generation. Observe his father's complaint of the calamitous state of human life, by the entrance of sin, and the curse of sin. Our whole life is spent in labour, and our time filled up with continual toil. God having cursed the ground, it is as much as some can do, with the utmost care and pains, to get a hard livelihood out comfort us. It signifies not only that desire and expectation which parents generally have about their children, that they will be comforts to them and helpers, though they often prove otherwise; but it signifies also a prospect of something more. Is Christ ours? Is heaven ours? We need better comforters under our toil and sorrow, than the dearest relations and the most promising offspring; may we seek and find comforts in Christ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Biggest Things In The Universe - Zidbits Top 10 Biggest Things In The Universe [PAR] Top 10 Biggest Things In The Universe [PAR] Top 10 Biggest Things In The Universe [PAR] Top 10 Biggest Things In The Universe [PAR] - March 5, 2011 [PAR] 36 [PAR] Standing next to the pyramids, one cannot help but marvel at their size. The Burj Dubai, standing over a half mile tall, is equally stunning as it rises into the clouds. Towering above them both is the monstrous, and often deadly, Mt. Everest. [PAR] Yet, compared to some of the things that exist in our universe, they are absolutely microscopic. Today, we will explore the largest things in the universe based on their relative sizes. [PAR] 11. Largest Asteroid [PAR] Ceres is the largest asteroid we\u2019ve discovered so far. It contains 1/3rd the mass of the entire asteroid belt and is almost 600 miles in diameter. It\u2019s about the size of California and is massive enough that its own gravity forces it into a spherical shape. It\u2019s so large that it also has earned the title of \u2018Dwarf Planet\u2019. It\u2019s the only object in the asteroid belt big enough to earn the designation. [PAR] 10. Largest Planet [PAR] Located in the constellation Hercules, planet TRES4 is 70% larger than Jupiter in diameter, but has only 80% of Jupiter\u2019s mass. Because of how close it orbits to its sun, it is thought that the intense heat expand the gasses that make up this planet, resulting in an almost \u2018marshmallow-like\u2019 density. It holds the title of the largest planet we\u2019ve discovered so far. [PAR] Update: Science is never finished. Since this list was compiled, observations of an exoplanet called WASP-17b suggest that it is even bigger than TRES4. Despite its radius being twice that of Jupiter\u2019s, it only has half the mass. This makes it even \u201cfluffier\u201d than TRES4. [PAR] 9. Largest Star [PAR] VY Canis Majoris is the largest star (in diameter) that we know of. It\u2019s in a class of star known as Red Hyper Giants. It\u2019s 1,420 times the sun\u2019s radius and would take the world\u2019s fastest race car 2,600 years to circle it once. If you replaced our Sun with VY Canis Majoris, its surface would extend out beyond Saturn. (see picture to the right for comparison to our own sun). [PAR] Update: In 2013, NML Cygni was verified as the largest known star. It\u2019s a whopping 1,650 times our sun\u2019s radius. That is so large; it would take a beam of light 6 hours and 40 minutes to circle it once. [PAR] 2nd Update: Science continues to astound us! Now beating out NML Cygni, UY Scuti is the leading candidate for the largest star ever discovered. At 1,708 times our suns radius, if the earth was the size of a basketball, UY Scuti would be 125,000 feet tall! [PAR] 8. Largest Black Hole [PAR] Black holes are not physically large regions of space. But when you include their mass, they are among the top competitors for the largest things in the universe. And quasar OJ287 is the largest black hole we\u2019ve spotted.< [PAR] It\u2019s estimated to be 18 billion times the mass of our sun and is a supermassive black hole located in the center of a galaxy. To put that in perspective, it\u2019s an object larger than our entire solar system. Just how big can a black hole get? According to scientists, there is no theoretical upper limit. [PAR] Update: 11/28/2012 \u2013 Science never fails to keep impressing us with its newest discoveries. Researchers at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is Reginald Dwight better known as - weegy.com Who is Reginald Dwight better known as ? [PAR] Who is Reginald Dwight better known as ? [PAR] This question has not been answered. Can you answer it? Please add your answer below ... [PAR] This conversation has been confirmed as correct, not copied, and helpful. [PAR] Edited by andrewpallarca [3/27/2014 9:18:02 AM] [PAR] Get an answer [PAR] Who is Reginald Dwight better known as ? [PAR] New answers [PAR] There are no new answers. [PAR] Comments [PAR] Weegy: Reginald Dwight is better known as Elton John. (More) [PAR] Question|Asked by suwar100 [PAR] The line `Alas poor Yorik...` appears in the Hamlet Act 5, scene 1, 179\u2013188. [PAR] Added 3/27/2014 3:37:39 AM [PAR] This answer has been confirmed as correct, not copied, and helpful. [PAR] Confirmed by debnjerry [3/27/2014 7:00:12 AM] [PAR] Weegy: Reginal Dwight is better known as Elton John. (More) [PAR] Question|Asked by suwar100 [PAR] Weegy: a tailor press clothing with his hot [ plonker ] Weegy: [have you got the answer ] a tailor press clothing with his hot [ plonker [ ] ] (More) [PAR] Question|Asked by chanakya [PAR] Weegy: Hello, four old pence were there in a Groat. (More) [PAR] Question|Asked by chanakya [PAR] Weegy: 2x^2 - 10x + 8 = 2(x - 1)(x - 4) User: Factor p 2 - 2p - 24. (p - 3)(p + 8) (p + 6)(p - 4) (p - 6)(p + 4) ... [PAR] 1/19/2017 9:59:50 AM| 2 Answers [PAR] Weegy: The answer for x^2 + 29x - 30 is (x-1) (x+30) User: What is the product of (n - 8)(n + 2)? Weegy: (n + 8)(n - ... [PAR] 1/19/2017 11:21:30 AM| 2 Answers[DOC] [TLE] Reginald Dwight | ZoomInfo.com Reginald Dwight | Bluesology | ZoomInfo.com [PAR] nights between solo gigs at a London hotel bar and working with Bluesology. [PAR] ... [PAR] After failing lead vocalist auditions for King Crimson and Gentle Giant, Dwight answered an advertisement in the New Musical Express placed by Ray Williams, then the A&R manager for Liberty Records. [PAR] ... [PAR] At their first meeting, Williams gave Dwight a stack of lyrics written by Bernie Taupin, who had answered the same ad. [PAR] ... [PAR] Dwight wrote music for the lyrics, and then mailed it to Taupin, beginning a partnership that still continues. [PAR] ... [PAR] Six months later Dwight was going by the name \"Elton John\" in homage to Bluesology saxophonist Elton Dean and Long John Baldry. [PAR] Reginald Kenneth ... [PAR] Reginald Kenneth Dwight [PAR] ... [PAR] Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947)[1][2][3] is an English pianist, singer-songwriter and composer. [PAR] ... [PAR] Elton John was born Reginald Dwight in 1947, and raised in the Pinner area of London. [PAR] ... [PAR] Elton John was born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947, in Pinner, Middlesex, the eldest child of Stanley Dwight and only child of Sheila Eileen (Harris),[14][15][16] and was raised in a council house of his maternal grandparents, in Pinner. [PAR] ... [PAR] nights between solo gigs at a London hotel bar and working with Bluesology. [PAR] ... [PAR] In 1967, Dwight answered an advertisement in the British magazine New Musical Express, placed by Ray Williams, then the A&R manager for Liberty Records.[29] At their first meeting, Williams gave Dwight a stack of lyrics written by Bernie Taupin, who had answered the same ad. [PAR] ... [PAR] In 1967, Dwight answered an advertisement in the British magazine New Musical Express, placed by Ray Williams, then the A&R manager for Liberty Records.[29]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Did Greg Norman Get His Nickname \"The Shark ... How Did Greg Norman Get His Nickname \"The Shark\"? | Entertainment Guide [PAR] How Did Greg Norman Get His Nickname \"The Shark\"? [PAR] by Rebecca Mayglothling [PAR] Greg Norman was the No. 1 golfer in the world for 331 weeks. [PAR] Julian Finney/Getty Images Sport/Getty Images [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] How Did George Raft Bring Realism to His Movie Roles? [PAR] World Golf Hall of Famer Greg Norman has earned 91 career victories -- 20 of those occurring on the PGA Tour -- in a career that has spanned more than three decades. The Australian began to caddy for his mother as a teenager. Soon, he began playing on his own, launching his professional career in the mid-1970s. During his professional play, he acquired the nickname \"The Shark.\" [PAR] what is a fallback [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Greg Norman was raised with one sister in Australia. He loved swimming, fishing and contact sports. On a fateful day, he asked his mother if he could caddy for her during one of her outings. He became interested in the game, asking his mother if he could practice with her clubs. She obliged, setting her son on a winning course. [PAR] Career [PAR] Norman worked in a golf shop during his teens while playing in amateur golf tournaments across Australia and taking any advice the pros would lend. By 1976, Norman's determination paid off. He launched his pro career that year and soon would become the top golfer in the world. Among his tournament titles are two British Open championships -- one in 1986; the other in 1993. He also became the first player on the PGA Tour to amass $10 million in career earnings. [PAR] In the Media [PAR] Norman showed the persistence and determination of a great white shark. When he was playing in the 1981 Master's Tournament, a reporter remarked, \"Who is that shark on the green?\" The remark was picked up and printed in newspapers, labeling Norman as \"The Shark.\" The nickname stuck and Norman embraced it as a compliment. [PAR] Other Accomplishments [PAR] Norman eventually bought a trademark for a great white shark logo, which now serves as the logo for Great White Shark Enterprises, Norman's business entity. Among the companies under the Great White Shark Enterprises banner are Greg Norman Golf Course Design, Greg Norman Australian Grille and Greg Norman Wine Estates. [PAR] References [PAR] Shark.com: Greg Norman Biography and Career Capsule [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Rebecca Mayglothling has worked directly with toddlers and preschoolers for more than three years. She has published numerous lesson plans online as well as parenting and teaching advice. She continues to keep ahead of parenting methods and is eager to share them through her professional writing. [PAR] Photo Credits [PAR] Julian Finney/Getty Images Sport/Getty Images [PAR] Photo Slideshows[DOC] [TLE] Nicknames Of The Game - Golf Digest Nicknames Of The Game - Golf Digest [PAR] Nicknames Of The Game [PAR] Golf Digest's top-10 all-time nicknames, plus an expanded list of historical nicknames [PAR] By [PAR] Gene Sarazen (aka The Squire) at the 1932 British Open. [PAR] Gene Sarazen (aka The Squire) at the 1932 British Open. [PAR] As we saw at the British Open in July, there are cute nicknames being coined for tour players these days -- Louis Oosthuizen, aka Shrek -- but they're short of being classic or timeless, like a Golden Bear. The great nicknames we've grown accustomed to from golf's past have been memorable and longstanding, derived by both player and caddie alike. Nicknames go beyond"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Basketball League - Basketball Wiki - Wikia British Basketball League | Basketball Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] www.BBL.org.uk [PAR] The British Basketball League, often abbreviated to the BBL, is the premier men's professional basketball league in the United Kingdom. The BBL runs two knockout competitions alongside the league championship; the BBL Cup and the BBL Trophy. [PAR] The BBL is not to be confused with the English Basketball League (EBL) or the Scottish Basketball League (SBL), which effectively form the second tier of British basketball. There is currently no promotion or relegation between the EBL, SBL and BBL because of the franchise system in use in the BBL, although Plymouth Raiders , Worcester Wolves and Durham Wildcats amongst others have all been elected from the EBL in recent years. [PAR] The league currently consists of 12 teams with representation from both England and Scotland. The 2011 Champions were Mersey Tigers , while Guildford Heat were the league's most recent representatives in Europe, competing in the ULEB Cup during the 2007-08 season . [PAR] Member franchises of the BBL jointly own the league, and a chairman is elected by the teams to oversee league operations. The current Chairman is Paul Blake , the Managing Director of Newcastle Eagles. The head offices are located in Leicester, where the country's oldest team, the Leicester Riders is also based. [PAR] Contents [PAR] History [PAR] 1980s: Elite establishment [PAR] The British Basketball League burst onto the British hoops scene in 1987 as the game's foremost clubs opted for a franchise-based competition without promotion or relegation. Seeking to improve the sport's image through greater professionalism, the BBL fast became the benchmark for quality competition in the UK. [PAR] In 1988 Portsmouth emerged from the pack to clinch the inaugural BBL Championship title but the following year saw the famous Kingston Kings side of the late 80s and early 90s win the first of three back-to-back league crowns. [PAR] 1990s: Television, sponsors and crowds flood in [PAR] The 1990s also saw an exciting growth in popularity and commercialism of the league. Television crews and exciting sponsors such as Peugeot, Lego, Playboy and Budweiser came flooding in, as did the crowds. The Manchester Giants opened the 1995-96 season in front of a record 14,251 fans at the NYNEX Arena against the London Leopards - a record crowd that stood for a basketball game until 2006 when the NBA started staging pre-season games at the O2. London Towers , Crystal Palace and the Greater London Leopards ushered in an era of capital success in the mid-1990s and in 1999 a Conference format was introduced, which was mirrored by the NBL the following season. For three seasons the cream of the north and the south followed an American-style system with London Towers invincible in the South. [PAR] 2000s: The millennium slump [PAR] A single-league BBL returned in 2002 and five different franchises have won the Championship title in the five years since. However the new millennium also saw a series of downfalls for the BBL. The collapse of ITV Digital cost the league dear, with many franchises struggling to recover from the lost revenue that the \u00a321 million contract was providing. Long established franchises such as the Giants , the Leopards , Derby Storm , Thames Valley Tigers and Birmingham Bullets have all dropped out in the years since, never to be seen again. [PAR] The membership crisis brought about the addition of new franchises such as Guildford Heat (Formed by fans of the defunct Thames Valley Tigers) and elected teams from the lower-tier English"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shark Tale Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Shark Tale Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Hide Spoilers: [PAR] Page 7 of 29: [PAR] from Earth [PAR] 9 May 2012 [PAR] I had expectations. Whoa, whoa. Don't freak out like I said something wrong. The cast was the only thing building up my expectations. The animation thing was out of my mind. It was made by Dreamwork's too, which is the only animation company that has reached heights Pixar has. And it was a film with gangster sharks. If that's not enough, the man himself Martin Scorsese plays one of the main characters. So the film had loads of potential. Potential that could either be surpassed or smashed... [PAR] Smashed. [PAR] I didn't like it, at all. My expectations were completely crushed from just the first ten minutes. So I'm going to tell you why exactly not to see this film, because there is no exact reason to anyways: [PAR] Voice acting. It seemed liked the actors didn't even care. I mean the cast was built-up so well, this was the main thing keeping my expectations up and running, but no. It was the acting you see where you can hear the pain in the actor's voice, where they are waiting until their break-time to go out and escape this hellish film.. [PAR] The animation. Really? This was 2004. Animation was just picking up, I mean tremendously. But Shark Tale completely reverses what it could've been. The CGI was lazily-done and the colors were off-beat. It was almost like watching a bunch of colors dancing. But not good dancing, I mean really bad dancing. [PAR] The story. Well, I can't even say it's the worst thing here, but it doesn't really attempt to tell a story. The film was meant to be a kid's version of gangster flicks, correct? Well, it's not. It's a disgrace to them. Almost like burning all the classics in your fireplace. It almost hurt seeing the plot mushed by the confused writers who have no idea what they are exactly doing. It hurts! [PAR] But the film isn't the worst one ever, and it has a few redeeming qualities, but not the kind that makes you want to see it. I love the gangster references, and I found some of the humor to be somewhat hilarious, but other than that? I was sorely disappointed with what could have been.. I don't recommend. Please don't see this, whatever you do, don't see this. [PAR] 4/10. [PAR] from United States [PAR] 28 March 2012 [PAR] This movie should be called Cartoon Movie because it's pretty much in the Date Movie, Epic Movie saga genre. If I was going to tell you about this movie relating to food, then if you could imagine a big gunk of 20 grams of Trans Fat smashed together in this block of garbagenated waste, that would be exactly what you get in this movie, a bunch of processed- gooey fat that isn't good for you and that's almost impossible to digest. [PAR] I suppose Will Smith did this movie for his kids, or perhaps 'to pay the mortgage', but everyone involved in this movie is a lot better than this movie. I'm not sure which Cartoon Movie is worse, this one, or Rio(Cartoon Movie 2). [PAR] I don't understand why a simple story of sea creatures can't be made, if I wanted to watch an episode of TMZ, I would do just that, but I don't want to watch it in an Animation though. A much better movie for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The leader 496 by The Leader (page 22) - issuu The leader 496 by The Leader (page 22) - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] PRIZE CRYPTIC [PAR] CROSSWORD [PAR] Complete the cryptic crossword below and send it into our offices at La Zenia roundabout (above Banco Popular) and the first correct entry drawn will win a EUR 25 prize. The draw will take place on the Saturday, at noon, following publication. Remember to put your phone number and name on the entry. [PAR] YOUR CHANCE TO WIN [PAR] 25 EURO Last week\u00e2&#x20AC;&#x2122;s winner was [PAR] CHERYL KEEGAN [PAR] LAST WEEK\u00e2&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ANSWERS [PAR] ACROSS 1. Their meteoric careers are almost over (7,5) 7. A sign to know (5) 8. It's poisonous so mother gets a doctor in (5) 9. A bird stuck in the mud (3) 10. Show fight but begin the journey home? (5,4) 11. So reverse and incline to port (6) 12. It's a matter of choice (6) 15. In touch, perhaps, though not in the cast (3,2,4) 17. One for the expert (3) 18. A trio breaks up a relationship (5) 19. Number get a fever that's ill-defined (5) 21. Fatal accuracy? (4,2,6) [PAR] DOWN 1. An impostor's standard (5,7) 2. Use it for writing to re-united kin (3) 3. Cordial from Ealing (6) 4. When it is, the creditor may not allow it! (4,2,3) 5. With spirit a sailor gets up to dance (5) 6. Have no attraction - like unprofitable investments? (4,8) 7. Letter to a relative in reproach (5) 10. Reptilian imperturbability? (9) 13. I'm a long time making a picture (5) 14. They may take the field an hour before midday (6) 16. It was in the church's interest (5) 20. Proceed to a port in India (3) [PAR] QUICK ACROSS: Across: 4 Revenue; 8 Launch; 9 Strange; 10 Emblem; 11 Rising; 12 Aversion; 18 Celerity; 20 Gather; 21 Remiss; 22 Hearsay; 23 Vigour; 24 Dresser. DOWN: 1 Illegal; 2 Tumbler; 3 Access; 5 External; 6 Elapse; 7 Urgent; 13 Increase; 14 Visitor; 15 Eyesore; 16 Career; 17 Chorus; 19 Emetic. CRYPTIC ACROSS: 4 Scratch; 8 Orbits; 9 Willing; 10 Player; 11 Daniel; 12 Canister; 18 Land-mine; 20 Menial; 21 Slates; 22 Outlook; 23 Hawker; 24 Redress. DOWN: 1 Compact; 2 Obtains; 3 Stress; 5 Children; 6 Ailing; 7 Censer; 13 Tallboys; 14 Mistake; 15 Measure; 16 Secure; 17 Tiller; 19 Deltas. [PAR] SUDOKU CHALLENGE Fill in the grid so that every row, every column, and every 3x3 box contains the digits 1 to 9. Solution on Page 39 [PAR] EUROMILLIONS LOTTERY NOW EVERY TUESDAY AND FRIDAY [PAR] FRIDAY JACKPOT 15 MILLION EURO [PAR] 03 [PAR] 04 [PAR] ACROSS 1. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 15. 17. 18. 19. 21. [PAR] Disjointed (12) Apportion (5) Niggard (5) Perceive (3) Unlike (9) Lessen (6) Alcove (6) Extreme (9) Health resort (3) Smallest (5) Insinuate (5) Fear (12) [PAR] DOWN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 10. 13. 14. 16. 20. [PAR] Calamitously (12) Lubricate (3) Inform (6) Fit (9) Follow (5) Avowal (12) In front (5) House-painter (9) Composition (5) High-spirited (6) Vagrant (5) Enclosure (3) [PAR] LEADER TRIVIA QUIZ 1. A Retifist has a fetish about what? 2. Ernest Breaux, a chemist, created which product in 1921? 3. What flower's name derives from the Greek word for testicle? 4. What is measured with a Snodgrass grathodynamometer? 5. In what film were Aldeberan Antares Atair Rigel seen? 6. Wilhelm Beer and Johan von Madler made the first good map of where back in 1830? 7. What is a pismire? 8. Harry Allen"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Questions - Documents - DOCSLIDE.US My Questions - Documents [PAR] Documents [PAR] Share My Questions [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html\" width=\"750\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html\" title=\"My Questions\" target=\"_blank\">My Questions</a></div> [PAR] size(px) [PAR] Download My Questions [PAR] Transcript [PAR] Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line \"Stick a pony in me pocket\"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show \"A Question Of Sport\"? Which \"Generation Game\" presenter was famous for his catchphrase \"Shut That Door\"? \"No Mean City\" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as \"La Cosa Nostra\"? What was the Titanic\u2019s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series \"Just Good Friends\"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film \"The Karate Kid\"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means \"empty orchestra\"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mickey Mouse - The Disney Wiki - Wikia Mickey Mouse | The Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Walt Disney, Ub Iwerks [PAR] Voiced by [PAR] Walt Disney (1928\u20131947) Jimmy MacDonald (1947\u20131977) Wayne Allwine (1977\u20132009)[3] Bret Iwan (2009\u2013present) [PAR] Mickey Mouse is a cartoon character who has become an icon for the Walt Disney Company . Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks [1] . He was voiced by Walt Disney from 1928\u20131946 theatrically, and again from 1955\u20131959 for the original ABC TV The Mickey Mouse Club , Daily's Pets television series. The Walt Disney Company celebrates his birth as November 18, 1928, upon the release of Steamboat Willie , [2] although Mickey had already appeared six months earlier in an unfinished test screening of Plane Crazy [3] (Steamboat Willie being the first Mickey Mouse Cartoon to be released). The anthropomorphic mouse has evolved from being simply a character in animated cartoons and comic strips to become one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. Mickey is currently the main character in the Disney Channel 's Disney Junior series \" Mickey Mouse Clubhouse \". Mickey is the leader of The Mickey Mouse Clubhouse , with help from Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, and other friendly friends of his. [PAR] In late 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced that they will begin to re-brand the Mickey Mouse character by putting a little less emphasis on his pleasant, cheerful side and reintroducing the more mischievous and adventurous sides of his personality, [4] starting with the newly released Epic Mickey . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Mickey Mouse was created as a replacement for Oswald the Lucky Rabbit , an earlier cartoon character created by the Disney studio for Charles Mintz of Universal Studios . [5] [PAR] When Disney asked for a larger amount for his budget for the popular Oswald series, Mintz announced that Disney could keep doing the Oswald series, as long as he agreed to a budget cut and went on the payroll. Mintz owned Oswald and thought he had Disney over a barrel. Angrily, Disney refused the deal and returned to produce the final Oswald cartoons he contractually owed Mintz. Disney was dismayed at the betrayal by his staff, but determined to restart from scratch. The new Disney Studio initially consisted of animator Ub Iwerks and a loyal apprentice artist, Les Clark . One lesson Disney learned from the experience was to thereafter always make sure that he owned all rights to the characters produced by his company. [PAR] In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar . (A male frog, also rejected, would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series.) [1] Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from his old pet mouse he used to have on his farm. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. [1] \" Mortimer Mouse \" had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. [6] [7] Actor Mickey Rooney has claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio,"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gene Wilder: 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' was 'an ... Gene Wilder: 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' was 'an insult' - NY Daily News [PAR] Gene Wilder slams 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' remake: 'I think it's an insult' [PAR] Gene Wilder: 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' was 'an insult' [PAR] Gene Wilder wasn\u2019t a fan of the Tim Burton remake of \"Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory,\" which starred Johnny Depp as wizardlike chocolatier Willy Wonka. [PAR] (Turner Entertainment Co./ Peter ) [PAR] Friday, June 14, 2013, 3:40 PM [PAR] It's the war of the Wonkas. [PAR] Gene Wilder , 80, who starred as eccentric chocolatier in 1971's \"Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory,\" wasn't pleased by the 2005 remake. [PAR] In an interview at New York nonprofit center 92Y on Thursday, Wilder bashed Tim Burton's reimaging of the Roald Dahl-adapted tale. [PAR] \"I think it's an insult,\" Wilder said. \"It's probably Warner Bros.' insult.\" [PAR] Wilder had kind words for Johnny Depp, who played his role in the 2005 flick. But he didn't mince words when it came to Burton. [PAR] Wilder hasn\u2019t made a film since 1991. \"After a while [movies] were so dirty,\" he explained. [PAR] (John Lamparski/WireImage) [PAR] \"Johnny Depp, I think, is a good actor,\" Wilder continued. \"But I don't care for the director. He's a talented man, but I don't care for him doing stuff like he did.\" [PAR] Wilder also explained why he hasn't made a film since 1991. [PAR] \"After a while, [movies] were so dirty,\" he said. \"Once in a while, there was a nice, good film, but not very many. \u2026 I didn't want to do 3-D, for instance. I didn't want to do ones that were just bombing and swearing. If someone says 'Ah, go f--k yourself,' if it came from a meaningful place, I'd understand it. But if you go to some movies, can't they just stop and talk once in a while?\"[DOC] [TLE] Review: 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' leaves a ... Review: 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' leaves a bitter taste - LA Times [PAR] Review: 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' leaves a bitter taste [PAR] 'Charlie And the Chocolate Factory' [PAR] Helen Maybanks / The Corner Shop [PAR] Douglas Hodge is Willy Wonka during a performance of the \"Charlie And the Chocolate Factory\" in London. [PAR] Douglas Hodge is Willy Wonka during a performance of the \"Charlie And the Chocolate Factory\" in London. (Helen Maybanks / The Corner Shop) [PAR] Charles McNulty, Theater Critic [PAR] LONDON \u2014 All the best ingredients in the world don't guarantee a great chocolate bar, as Willy Wonka would be the first to attest. There's magic in the preparation, a special alchemy that can elude even a master confectioner's best effort. [PAR] The same evidently holds true for new musicals. The latest proof is \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,\" which had its much-anticipated West End opening last week at the historic Theatre Royal Drury Lane. [PAR] The cream of British and American theater teamed up to bring to the stage this favorite Roald Dahl fable about a sweet-natured poor kid named Charlie who wins a golden ticket to enter a competition with a bunch of greedy brats for a grand prize at Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. But the result is surprisingly bland, a musical that will leave more demanding theatergoers of all ages scrunching up their faces and wondering where the flavor went. [PAR] PHOTOS: Hollywood stars on stage [PAR] This innocuous production, which begins with a tongue-in-cheek documentary on the history of chocolate, lacks the tangy"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Groundskeeper Willie (Character) - IMDb Groundskeeper Willie (Character) [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie (Character) [PAR] from \"The Simpsons\" (1989) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] William \"Willie\" MacDougal, more commonly known as Groundskeeper Willie... See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Groundskeeper WIllie / Groundskeeper Willy / Park Groundskeeper / Shelbyville Groundskeeper [PAR] Filmography [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Update [PAR] You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process. [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] Groundskeeper Willie The Simpsons TV Show Character Fan T ... Groundskeeper Willie The Simpsons TV Show Character Fan T Shirt [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie The Simpsons TV Show Character Fan T Shirt [PAR] Standard [PAR] $19.99 [PAR] Add to Cart [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie The Simpsons TV Show Character Fan T Shirt is available in a number of different styles, colors and sizes! Use the style and size selector above to pick your style you want! Optional colors may also be available, see above for details! [PAR] This shirt comes as Black by default, and if the color options are available, choose your color to make this shirt uniquely yours! [PAR] We offer Groundskeeper Willie The Simpsons TV Show Character Fan T Shirt in child sizes from youth extra small to youth medium. We also offer adult sizes from small up to 6XL, when available. See our TV category for more shirts just like this!"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football World Cup Mascots - Topend Sports World Cup Mascots [PAR] Brazil 2014 [PAR] Fuleco [PAR] Fuleco is a cartoon armadillo, modelled on the three-banded armadillo, an endangered species which is indigenous to Brazil and known as the \"tatu-bola\". The name is derived from a combination of the Portuguese words for football (futebol) and ecology (ecologia) [PAR] South Africa 2010 [PAR] Zakumi [PAR] Zakumi is a leopard, a common animal found in South Africa. Called Zakumi, he is a friendly green haired yellow leopard, wearing a shirt saying South Africa 2010. Zakumi's green and gold colors represent South Africa's national sports' teams colors. The name Zakumi is derived from \"ZA\" an acronym for south Africa and \"Kumi\" which translates as \"10\" from some African languages. [PAR] Germany 2006 [PAR] Goleo VI and his sidekick Pille [PAR] 2006 saw the return of the lion, this time wearing a Germany shirt with the number 06 and no pants! He also had a talking football named Pille. Goleo is a portmanteau of the words \"goal\" and \"leo\", the Latin word for lion, while \"Pille\" is a colloquial term for a football in Germany. [PAR] Korea/Japan 2002 [PAR] Ato, Kaz and Nik (The Spheriks) [PAR] This was the first tournament to have more than one mascot, in fact they had three. Ato, Kaz and Nik were orange, purple and blue futuristic, computer-generated creatures. They also had their own sport - \"Atmoball\" (a fictional football-like sport). The three names were voted for online and at McDonald's outlets in the host countries. [PAR] France 1998 [PAR] Footix [PAR] The 1998 mascot was a rooster, one of the national symbols of France. It has the words \"FRANCE 98\" on its chest, with its body mostly blue, like the host's national team shirt. The name Footix is a portmanteau of \"football\" and the ending \"-ix\" from the popular Ast\u00e9rix comic strip. [PAR] Striker, [PAR] the World Cup Pup [PAR] The mascot chosen by the US public for USA '94 was a dog, which is a common US pet animal. Striker wore the red, white and blue US colors with the words \"USA 94\". [PAR] Italy 1990 [PAR] Ciao [PAR] This was a different looking mascot, a stick figure player with a football head and an Italian tricolor body. The red white & green blocks of the body made it look like it was made from lego. Its name is an Italian greeting. [PAR] Mexico 1986 [PAR] Pique [PAR] Following the fruit and vegetable theme from the previous tournament, the mascot of Mexico 1986 was a jalape\u00f1o chili pepper, which we all know is a characteristic of Mexican cuisine. The chili also had moustache and was wearing a sombrero. Its name comes from picante, Spanish for spicy peppers and sauces. [PAR] Spain 1982 [PAR] Naranjito [PAR] The 1982 mascot was a small orange, a typical fruit in Spain, with a big grin. He was wearing the kit of the host's national team. Its name comes from naranja, the Spanish word for orange, with the diminutive suffix \"-ito\". [PAR] Argentina 1978 [PAR] Gauchito [PAR] A boy wearing Argentina's playing pale blue and white playing kit. His hat, neckerchief and whip are typical of gauchos. The hat had the words ARGENTINA '78. [PAR] West Germany 1974 [PAR] Tip and Tap [PAR] Two boys wearing the white shirts of Germany, one shirt with with the letters WM (Weltmeisterschaft, German for World Cup) and the other with the number 74 on the front. [PAR] Mexico 1970 [PAR] Juanito [PAR] A boy wearing Mexico's colors and a Mexican sombrero (with the words"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] For three jockeys, Kentucky Derby is a race for history For three jockeys, Kentucky Derby is a race for history [PAR] FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest [PAR] For three jockeys, Kentucky Derby is a race for history [PAR] Rosie Napravnik, Kevin Krigger and Gary Stevens are trying to make different kind of history in the Kentucky Derby. [PAR] Post to Facebook [PAR] For three jockeys, Kentucky Derby is a race for history Rosie Napravnik, Kevin Krigger and Gary Stevens are trying to make different kind of history in the Kentucky Derby. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/18cX0Eq [PAR] CancelSend [PAR] A link has been sent to your friend's email address. [PAR] Posted! [PAR] A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. [PAR] 2 [PAR] To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs [PAR] For three jockeys, Kentucky Derby is a race for history [PAR] Gary Mihoces, USA TODAY Sports 1:16 p.m. ET May 1, 2013 [PAR] Rosie Napravnik is trying to become the first woman jockey to win the Kentucky Derby. [PAR] (Photo: Bill Luster, USA TODAY Sports) [PAR] Story Highlights [PAR] Rosie Napravnik, Kevin Krigger and Gary Stevens add inspirational subplots to Derby [PAR] Napravnik aims to become first woman jockey to win Kentucky Derby [PAR] Kevin Krigger sees history all around in his attempt to take the race [PAR] LOUISVILLE -- Rosie Napravnik started her week with a profile on the TV show 60 Minutes, and now awaits a two-minute race that could make her the first female jockey to win the Kentucky Derby. Kevin Krigger can become the first African American to ride a Derby winner since 1902. And after seven years of broadcasting and acting, Hall of Famer Gary Stevens is out of retirement and back in the saddle. [PAR] The horses, including highly regarded Orb and Verrazano, will do the running in Saturday's 139th Derby. But the jockeys won't just be along for the ride. Their skills and savvy will be put to the test from start to finish over the 11/4-mile course at Churchill Downs. [PAR] ROAD TO THE DERBY: Latest point standings [PAR] The riders all have stories. But this year's mix is enriched by the trailblazing possibilities for Napravnik and Krigger, potential inspiration for others to follow. Stevens, 50, is an inspiration, too, for any aging ex-athlete who has ever wanted to scratch the itch to give it one more shot. [PAR] Their back stories won't mean a thing once the gate opens. But for Napravnik, Krigger and Stevens, the opportunities will be there to add compelling next chapters. [PAR] ROSIE NAPRAVNIK [PAR] Anna Rose Napravnik was listed in the race program as A.R. Napravnik when she started her career as a teenager at Delaware Park in 2005. A trainer suggested that listing so as not to advertise she was female and perhaps diminish her opportunities to get mounts. [PAR] \"He said, 'We can't let anybody know that you're a girl,'\" says Napravnik, 25. [PAR] The secret is out. Napravnik has more than 1,500 career wins. [PAR] Last year, she became the first female rider to win the Kentucky Oaks, on the Friday before the Derby. In her only Derby appearance in 2011, Napravnik's ninth-place finish on Pants On Fire was the best result ever by a female jockey in the race. [PAR] Diane Crump made history in 1969 as the first female jockey in a parimutuel race in North America. In 1993, Julie Krone became the only woman to win a Triple Crown race, capturing the Belmont Stakes. [PAR] Napravnik salutes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Willy Russell (Author of Educating Rita) Willy Russell (Author of Educating Rita) [PAR] edit data [PAR] William Russell is a British dramatist, lyricist, and composer. His best-known works are Educating Rita, Shirley Valentine, and Blood Brothers. [PAR] Willy Russell was born in Whiston, on the outskirts of Liverpool, where he grew up. His parents worked in a book publisher's and often encouraged him to read. After leaving school with one O-level in English, he first became a ladies' hairdresser and ran his own salon. Russell then undertook a variety of jobs, also the first play he wrote was Keep Your Eyes Down Low (1975). His first success was a play about The Beatles called John, Paul, George, Ringo \u2026 and Bert. Originally commissioned for the Everyman Theatre, Liverpool was transferring to the West End in 1974. Educating Rita (1980) concerned a fe William Russell is a British dramatist, lyricist, and composer. His best-known works are Educating Rita, Shirley Valentine, and Blood Brothers. [PAR] Willy Russell was born in Whiston, on the outskirts of Liverpool, where he grew up. His parents worked in a book publisher's and often encouraged him to read. After leaving school with one O-level in English, he first became a ladies' hairdresser and ran his own salon. Russell then undertook a variety of jobs, also the first play he wrote was Keep Your Eyes Down Low (1975). His first success was a play about The Beatles called John, Paul, George, Ringo \u2026 and Bert. Originally commissioned for the Everyman Theatre, Liverpool was transferring to the West End in 1974. Educating Rita (1980) concerned a female hairdresser and her Open University teacher. The semi-autobiographical Educating Rita was turned into a 1983 film with Michael Caine and Julie Walters. The musical Blood Brothers (1983), for which Russell also composed the music, first opened in Liverpool and transferred to London's Phoenix Theatre. It won the best actress award at the Lawrence Olivier awards. Bill Kenwright produced a revival in 1988 which has run for more than twenty years; the show was produced on Broadway in 1993. Shirley Valentine, which first opened in Liverpool in 1986 before a new production opened in London in 1988 starring Pauline Collins. It was also made into a successful film, in 1989, again with Collins in the title role. Russell received BAFTA and Oscar nominations for Best Adapted Screenplay for both Educating Rita and Shirley Valentine. [PAR] Russell has also written television projects, including the one-off drama, Our Day Out, which aired in 1977. He penned another television drama, One Summer, which aired as a five-part series on Channel 4 in 1983, starring a young David Morrissey. [PAR] In 2000, Russell published his first novel, The Wrong Boy. In epistolary form, main character Raymond Marks, a 19-year old from Manchester, tells the story of his life in letters to his hero Morrissey. [PAR] Russell has written songs since the early 1960s, and has written the music to most of his plays and musicals. He also co-wrote \"The Show\", the theme song to the 1985 ITV drama series Connie, which became a top 30 hit for vocalist Rebecca Storm. His first album, Hoovering the Moon, was released in 2003. [PAR] The Willy Russell Centre for Children and Adults Who Stammer, was opened by Russell in Liverpool, 1996. The centre took Russell's name as his writing in many of his plays puts forward the philosophy that anyone is capable of change whatever obstacles may be in their path, a theory shared by the centre. ...more[DOC] [TLE] Willy Russell - Literature Willy Russell - Literature [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Willie John: A rugby legend - BBC Sport Willie John: A rugby legend - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] Willie John: A rugby legend [PAR] By Gavin Andrews [PAR] From the section Rugby Union [PAR] Share this page [PAR] Media playback is not supported on this device [PAR] Willie John McBride captained the Lions in 1974 [PAR] It started with a phone call. \"Hello, could I speak to Willie John McBride please?\" Speaking. [PAR] \"Hello Willie John McBride.\" Oh dear, how do you talk to a legend? You can't just call him Willie John like an old team-mate, can you? [PAR] \"It's Gavin from the BBC here, would you be free to meet for a chat about the Lions in 1974?\" [PAR] \"Yes. Tomorrow afternoon at my house about 2 o'clock Ok.\" [PAR] That went well, big deep breath. [PAR] Then came the drive up the lane to the McBride family home in Ballyclare. It was easier to say hello in person. Still, I kept it to Mr McBride. [PAR] A firm handshake and a welcome into the living room. He sat back in his armchair (if he still smoked a pipe I imagined he would have lit it). \"Well, what would you like to talk about?\" [PAR] \"You,\" I replied. [PAR] Rugby memorabilia was dotted around the room. Photos and mementos from journeys to far off frontiers with Ireland and the Lions. Willie John has an aura about him. At 74 he is still a big man, broad, a presence. [PAR] After a few pleasantries, it was time for the pitch. \"Mr McBride, we would like to tell your story to our generation; to the rugby fans who have known nothing but the modern game - World Cups, Six Nations and professional players. We want to show the days with no substitutions, and when a Lions tour lasted four months....and in your words.\" [PAR] He paused and started talking. Two hours of anecdotes later, we sat with eyes wide and mouths open. It was time to ask: \"Would you do a bit of filming with us and tell us some of those stories?\" [PAR] The diary came out of his back pocket. I'm free next Thursday. We were underway! [PAR] McBride's playing record stands favourable comparison with any of the greats of the game [PAR] What immediately struck me was the importance of his upbringing in Moneyglass, near Toomebridge in County Antrim. Growing up on the family farm, he lost his father at four years of age. [PAR] \"That's something that still wakes me up now and again. I often wonder what it might have been like to have had a father over those years,\" he said. [PAR] \"I had three brothers and a sister on the farm and my wonderful mother was a tremendous manager. I like to think she taught us proper values in life. [PAR] \"I believe those years gave me not only a strength, but mentally it gave me that will to go on. There was no such thing as stopping at half-time; you had to go the whole way.\" [PAR] There was no rugby history in the McBride family. A house match at Ballymena Academy at the age of 17 would change that, [PAR] \"They came to me and said, you're a big guy. If you play we'll have 15. I hadn't a clue about this game, but I was big and it wasn't a problem to me, I could shake people off.\" [PAR] After a short spell with Randalstown, he moved to Eaton Park and Ballymena Rugby Club where the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical elements listed by boiling point - Lenntech The chemical elements of the periodic table sorted by boiling point [PAR] 85 [PAR] [PAR] For chemistry students and teachers: The tabular chart on the right is arranged by boiling point. [PAR] The chemical element with the lowest boiling point is Helium and the element with the highest boiling point is Tungsten. [PAR] The unity used for the melting point is Celsius (C). Click here: to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit or Kelvin. [PAR] Please note that the elements do not show their natural relation towards each other as in the Periodic system. There you can find the metals, semi-conductor(s), non-metal(s), inert noble gas(ses), Halogens, Lanthanoides, Actinoids (rare earth elements) and transition metals."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 (or 12) Superheroes Based on Periodic Elements Who Are ... 7 (or 12) Superheroes Based on Periodic Elements Who Are Not Iron Man | The Mary Sue [PAR] 7 (or 12) Superheroes Based on Periodic Elements Who Are Not Iron Man [PAR] by Susana Polo and Robert Quigley | 6:02 pm, May 7th, 2010 [PAR] [PAR] Iron Man 2 was released to theaters in America today, and certainly the Iron Avenger deserves notice. But he\u2019s getting lots of it, from TV spots to talk show interviews, to his own augmented reality app ! All about Iron! [PAR] We\u2019d like to take a moment to appreciate the lesser known heroes and villains who have taken an entry of the periodic table of the elements into their hearts, and tried to live up to its hardness, its density, and above all else the weight of 6\u00d710^23 atoms of it. Also, many of them are utterly absurd. [PAR] Titanium Man [PAR] A KGB badguy named Boris Bullsky wanted to win a propaganda victory against the imperialist swine, and so he set out to defeat Iron Man by strapping on an enormous titanium suit. According to Wikipedia, \u201cthe inferior resources available to the scientists meant that the armor was twice the size of Iron Man\u2019s.\u201d The suit could even fly to space. There were two other, less memorable Titanium Men thereafter, but the original Bullskian Titanium Man proved his merit by appearing in that Iron Man video game. [PAR] Ion [PAR] When a hydrogen fusion specialist named Voletta Todd got caught in a freak lab experiment, she developed the ability to turn into a sentient cloud of superpowered, ionized hydrogen gas, and turned to a life of crime. She can, however, be forced to revert back to a regular old cloud of ionized hydrogen gas, which, if you think about it, is pretty lame. [image via ] [PAR] The Metal Men [PAR] The metal men are intelligent robots created by William Magnus (who actually has a meme based on him ), endowed by him with responsometers that create an artificial soul. These same responsometers are responsible for the relationship between each Metal Man\u2019s (and one Metal Woman\u2019s) personality and powers, and the element they are made of. [PAR] Their leader Gold can stretch his body to great lengths. [PAR] The steadfast Iron is in possession of incredible strength. [PAR] Lead, while a bit thick, can form near impenetrable barriers and shields (as from radiation). [PAR] Quick-witted Mercury has shapeshifting powers, allowing him to become a liquid at will. [PAR] Like Gold, Platinum has stretching powers, but can also flatten and thin out her body to great extremes. She\u2019s the girl (which we all know is a excellent substitute for actual personality in group team-up mechanics ). [PAR] Tin, um, contains things. You know, like a can? He\u2019s the insecure one. [PAR] Arsenic (and Old Lace) [PAR] Adopting the popular superhero convention of naming oneself after farcical 1939 stage plays, Arsenic and Old Lace are a classic girl-and-her-genetically-modified-dinosaur-from-the-87th-century team. In addition to supervillains, they\u2019ve been known to fight corrupt cops in the LAPD. [image via ] [PAR] The Silver Surfer [PAR] The Herald of Galactus carries but a portion of his master\u2019s Power Cosmic, endowing him with great power, a shiny finish, and an awesome surfboard. Of course the downside is that he has to visit planets teeming with sentient life and culture, only to tell them that there is no hope: they are about to be consumed entire by The Devourer of Worlds. But on the other hand\u2026 space surfboard. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elements in the Human Body - About.com Education Elements in the Human Body [PAR] Updated September 11, 2015. [PAR] Question: What Are the Elements in the Human Body? [PAR] Answer: Most of the human body is made up of water, H2O, with cells consisting of 65-90% water by weight. Therefore, it isn't surprising that most of a human body's mass is oxygen. Carbon, the basic unit for organic molecules, comes in second. 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of just six elements : oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. You may also wish to view the element composition of an average human body by mass . [PAR] Oxygen (65%)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Salt Deficiency: the cause of many diseases: Crystal Salt ... Salt Deficiency, The Cause of Many Diseases: Crystal Salt Therapy [PAR] Salt Deficiency, The Cause of Many Diseases: Crystal Salt Therapy [PAR] PLEASE READ THE DISCLAIMER CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS SITE [PAR] By using this site, you signify your assent, [PAR] to this disclaimer. [PAR] If you do not agree to this disclaimer, please do not use the site. The information in this web site is presented for the educational and free exchange of ideas and speech in relation to health and wellness only. [PAR] Shirley's Wellness Cafe website is not intended to diagnose any physical or mental condition, or to prescribe or promote any particular product(s).It is not intended as a substitute for the advice and treatment of a licensed professional. In the event that you use the information for your own health, or for your animals, you are prescribing for yourself or your animals, which is your constitutional right and for which the author of this site assumes no responsibility. [PAR] The author of this website is neither a legal counselor nor a health practitioner, nor a veterinarian and makes no claims in this regard. Reference or links in this web site to any non-government entity, product, service, or information do not constitute endorsement or recommendation. [PAR] This site is not responsible for the contents of any off-site web pages, companies or persons linked or referenced in this site. You are welcome to follow the links and visit the various websites and determine for yourself if the products are for you. [PAR] Shirley's-Wellness-Cafe.com is a free educational web site created from a labor of love and as a public service. [PAR] Thank you for your understanding. [PAR] Disclaimer for Shirley's Wellness Cafe [PAR] Salt Deficiency, The Cause of Many Diseases: Crystal Salt Therapy [PAR] An eight-year study of a New York City hypertensive population stratified for sodium intake levels found those on low-salt diets had more than four times as many heart attacks as those on normal-sodium diets; the exact opposite of what the salt hypothesis would have predicted. (1995). Dr. Jeffrey R. Cutler documented no health outcomes benefits of lower-sodium diets. Both sea salt and rock salt were well known to the ancient Greeks who noted that eating salty food affected basic body functions such as digestion and excretion (urine and stools). This led to salt being used medically. The healing methods of Hippocrates (460 BC) especially made frequent use of salt. Hippocrates mentions inhalation of steam from salt-water. We know today that the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled salt provide relief from respiratory symptoms. Thus, 2000 years ago, Greek medicine had already discovered topical use of salt for skin lesions, drinking salty or mineralized waters for digestive troubles and inhaling salt for respiratory diseases! [PAR] Contents [PAR] Salt Reduction? [PAR] Salt varies greatly with quality, mineral content, and health benefits [PAR] Refined Salt: White Poison - The problem with salt is not the salt itself but the condition of the salt we eat! Our regular table salt no longer has anything in common with the original crystal salt. Salt now a day is mainly sodium chloride and not salt. [PAR] With the advent of industrial development, our natural salt was \"chemically cleaned\" and reduced only to sodium and chloride. Major producing companies dry their salt in huge kilns with temperatures reaching 1200 degrees F, changing he salt's chemical structure, which in turn adversely affects the human body. The common table salt we use for cooking has only 2 or 3 chemical elements. The seawater has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Most Conductive Element? - About.com Education What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] The Element That Is the Best Conductor of Electricity [PAR] Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of any element. Alchemist-hp, Creative Commons License [PAR] Updated March 09, 2016. [PAR] Question: What Is the Most Conductive Element? [PAR] Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to transmit energy. There are different types of conductivity, including electrical conductivity , thermal conductivity and acoustical conductivity. Here is a look at the three most electrically conductive elements. As you might expect, all three conductive elements are metals. [PAR] Answer: The most electrically conductive element is silver , followed by copper and gold. Silver also has the highest thermal conductivity of any element and the highest light reflectance. Although it is the best conductor , copper and gold are used more often in electrical applications because copper is less expensive and gold has a much higher corrosion resistance. Because silver tarnishes, it is less desirable for high frequencies because the exterior surface is less conductive. [PAR] As to why silver is the best conductor, the answer is that its electrons are more free to move than those of the other elements. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] This has to do with its valence and crystal structure. [PAR] Most metals conduct electricity. Other elements with high electrical conductivity, are aluminum, zinc, nickel, iron and platinum. Brass and bronze are electrically conductive alloys , rather than elements. [PAR] Table of the Conductive Order of Metals [PAR] This list of electric conductivity includes alloys as well as pure elements. Because the size and shape of a substance affects its conductivity, the list assumes all samples are the same size. [PAR] Rank [PAR] Factors That Affect Electrical Conductivity [PAR] Certain factors can affect how well a material conducts electricity. [PAR] Temperature - Changing temperature of silver or any other conductor alters its conductivity. In general, increasing the temperature causes thermal excitation of the atoms and decreases conductivity (increases resistivity). The relationship is linear, but it breaks down at low temperatures. [PAR] Impurities - Adding an impurity to a conductor decreases its conductivity. For example, sterling silver is not as good of a conductor as pure silver. Oxidized silver is not as good a conductor as untarnished silver. Impurities hinder electron flow. [PAR] Crystal Structure and Phases - If there are different phases within a material, conductivity will slow slightly at the interface and may be different from one structure than another. The way a material has been processed can affect how well it conducts electricity. [PAR] Electromagnetic Fields - Conductors generate their own electromagnetic fields when electricity runs through them, with the magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field. External electromagnetic fields can produce magnetoresistance, which can slow the flow of current. [PAR] Frequency - The number of oscillation cycles an alternating electrical current completes per second is its frequency in hertz. Above a certain level, a high frequency can cause current to flow around a conductor rather than through it (skin effect). Since there is no oscillation and hence no frequency, the skin effect does not occur with direct current. [PAR] Learn More"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Urban Dictionary: dihydrogen monoxide Urban Dictionary: dihydrogen monoxide [PAR] dihydrogen monoxide [PAR] Dihydrogen Monoxide (DHMO) is a colorless and odorless chemical compound, also referred to by some as Dihydrogen Oxide, Hydrogen Hydroxide, Hydronium Hydroxide, or simply Hydric acid. Its basis is the unstable radical Hydroxide, the components of which are found in a number of caustic, explosive and poisonous compounds such as Sulfuric Acid, Nitroglycerine and Ethyl Alcohol. [PAR] For more detailed information, including precautions, disposal procedures and storage requirements, refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Dihydrogen Monoxide. [PAR] ...Dihydrogen monoxide is water/H20. [PAR] Dihydrogen Monoxide as a toxic or carcinogenic substance (as it does with better known chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and saccharine), DHMO is a constituent of many known toxic substances, diseases and disease-causing agents, environmental hazards and can even be lethal to humans in quantities as small as a thimbleful. [PAR] by brendan December 09, 2004 [PAR] dihydrogen monoxide [PAR] water, H2O [PAR] dihydrogen monoxide: It's more commonly known as water. You know, the substance that every single living being relies on to survive? The origins of this item are multifold, from flyers circulated at the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1989 (so 20th century!) to a junior high school student who surveyed 50 classmates in 1997 and got 43 of them to sign his petition to ban the chemical. He then won a prize at his science fair for his project, called \"How Gullible Are We?\" Several Web pages touting the chemical's dangers are still live. Don't feel too bad if you've ever fallen victim to this hoax; even a government official in New Zealand took the bait last year. [PAR] Dihydrogen Monoxide [PAR] Dihydrogen Monoxide is a prevalent compound that is the key ingredient in most pesticides. DHMO contributes to environmental hazards such as acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and soil erosion. DHMO poisoning causes a sometimes fatal electrolyte imbalance in the bloodstream, and can cause excessive sweating, increased urination, and sometimes vomiting. Dihydrogen Monoxide also reacts explosively with alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium etc. [PAR] Prolonged, unprotected exposure to solid DHMO, or inhaling it can be fatal. [PAR] Despite these dangers, DHMO is used ubiquitously by industries, and is readily available to the public. [PAR] Join the fight, and help get this troublesome, and potentially lethal chemical banned. [PAR] SAY 'NO' TO DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE! [PAR] Dihydrogen monoxide [PAR] Dihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) is a combination of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen (di = 2, mon = 1), which creates H2O. It is a completely safe element, but a hoax that was created in the 1990's as an April Fools joke got popular that said that DHMO was a chemical that was a substance that was contained in things such as acid rain, nuclear power plants, etc. [PAR] John: \"Have you heard about the chemical Dihydrogen monoxide? I read that it was really dangerous and it's even in our water and food!\" [PAR] Steve: \"No, that is just water. Do more research and don't believe everything you read online.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Journeys to the Center of the Earth | DiscoverMagazine.com Journeys to the Center of the Earth | DiscoverMagazine.com [PAR] Journeys to the Center of the Earth [PAR] FROM THE JULY/AUGUST 2014 ISSUE [PAR] Journeys to the Center of the Earth [PAR] Our planet's core powers a magnetic field that shields us from a hostile cosmos. But how does it really work? [PAR] By Tim Folger |Monday, July 14, 2014 [PAR] RELATED TAGS: EARTH SCIENCE [PAR] Roen Kelly [PAR] On the remote Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia, amid the rusting ruins of an abandoned scientific research station, is the deepest hole in the world. Now covered and sealed with a welded metal plate, the Kola Superdeep Borehole, as it\u2019s called, is a remnant of a largely forgotten Cold War race that aimed not at the stars, but at Earth\u2019s interior. [PAR] A team of Soviet scientists began drilling at Kola in the spring of 1970, with the goal of penetrating as far into Earth\u2019s crust as their technology would allow. Four years before the Russians started punching their way into the Kola crust, the United States had given up on its own deep-drilling program: Project Mohole, an attempt to bore several miles through the Pacific seafloor and retrieve a sample of the underlying mantle. Mohole fell far short of its target, reaching a depth of just 601 feet after five years of drilling under more than 11,000 feet of water. [PAR] The Soviets were more persistent. Their work at Kola continued for 24 years \u2014 the project outlived the Soviet Union itself. Before drilling ended in 1994, the team hit a layer of 2.7-billion-year-old rock, almost a billion years older than the Vishnu schist at the base of the Grand Canyon. Temperatures at the bottom of the Kola hole exceeded 300 degrees Fahrenheit; the rocks were so plastic that the hole started to close whenever the drill was withdrawn. [PAR] While the researchers at Kola bored patiently downward, their counterparts in the space race sent dozens of craft heavenward: as far as the moon, Mars and beyond. By the early 1990s, when the Kola effort began to stall, the Voyager spacecraft had already passed beyond Pluto\u2019s orbit. And the depth of the Kola hole after 24 years of drilling? About 7.6 miles \u2014 deeper than an inverted Mount Everest and roughly halfway to the mantle, but still a minuscule distance, considering Earth\u2019s 7,918-mile diameter. If Earth were the size of an apple, the Kola hole wouldn\u2019t even break through the skin. [PAR] Illustration: Roen Kelly, Photo: A. Varfolomeeviria Novosti [PAR] All the mines on Earth, all the tunnels, caves and chasms, all the seas, and all of life exist within or on top of the thin shell of our planet\u2019s rocky crust, which is much thinner, comparatively, than an eggshell. Earth\u2019s immense, deep interior \u2014 the mantle and core \u2014 has never been directly explored, and probably never will be. Everything we know about the mantle, which begins about 15 miles below the surface, and about Earth\u2019s core, 1,800 miles beneath us, has been gleaned remotely. [PAR] While our understanding of the rest of the universe grows almost daily, knowledge of the inner workings of our own world advances far more slowly. \u201cGoing into space is just a lot easier than going down for an equivalent distance,\u201d says David Stevenson, a geophysicist at the California Institute of Technology. \u201cGoing down from 5 kilometers to 10 is much harder than going from zero to 5.\u201d [PAR] What scientists do know is that life on Earth\u2019s surface is profoundly affected by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arsenic: A Murderous History - Dartmouth Toxic Metals ... Arsenic: A Murderous History - Dartmouth Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program [PAR] Arsenic: A Murderous History [PAR] The King of Poisons [PAR] Albertus Magnus is usually accredited with the discovery of arsenic around 1250 [PAR] Since the very earliest of times poisons have been used as a means for settling old scores, instruments for personal advancement, as a means to execute criminals and by those who found life to be an intolerable burden. The ancient Greeks and Romans, who could seldom agree on anything, were both masters of this practice, but, of course, they selected different agents. The most commonly used toxin in Greece was the water hemlock, a plant in the carrot family not to be confused with the evergreen conifer common in New England. Plato immortalized hemlock, which is said to be the most violently poisonous plant in the North Temperate Zone, in his description of the death of Socrates. [PAR] In the rest of Europe from the time of the Roman Empire through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, arsenic was the king of poisons. Mineral forms of arsenic were known as early as the fourth century BC, but the German scholastic Albertus Magnus is usually accredited with the discovery of the element around 1250. The first precise directions for the preparation of metallic arsenic, however, are found in the writings of Paracelsus, a physician-alchemist in the late Middle Ages who is often called the father of modern toxicology. [PAR] Paracelsus, a physician-alchemist in the late Middle Ages, is often called the father of modern toxicology [PAR] A Secret Weapon [PAR] Dioscorides, a Greek physician in the court of the Roman Emperor Nero, described arsenic as a poison in the first century. Its ideal properties for sinister uses included its lack of color, odor or taste when mixed in food or drink and its ubiquitous distribution in nature, which made it readily available to all classes of society. Symptoms of arsenic poisoning were difficult to detect, since they could mimic food poisoning and other common disorders. There could be no doubt about arsenic's efficacy as a single large dose, which provoked violent abdominal cramping, diarrhea and vomiting, often followed by death from shock. [PAR] Arsenic could also be given as a series of smaller doses, producing a more subtle form of chronic poisoning characterized by a loss of strength, confusion and paralysis. Eventually, the arsenic of choice emerged as so-called white arsenic or arsenic trioxide (As2O3); the fatal dose was known to be an amount equivalent in size to a pea. [PAR] All of the above properties of arsenic contributed to its alleged widespread use in antiquity as a homicidal agent. Doubtless it is an exaggeration, but it has been said of this period that poisonings were so common that few believed in the natural deaths of princes, kings, or cardinals. Whatever the true extent of its covert use, arsenic has engendered a body of legends so tangled that reliable sources today disagree about many of the specifics. [PAR] Poison and Politics [PAR] During the fourth century BC, the Romans made considerable use of poisons in politics. In this same period a conspiracy was uncovered involving a group of women who schemed to poison men whose deaths would profit them. In 82 BC, in an attempt to stem what was becoming an epidemic of large-scale poisonings, the Roman dictator and constitutional reformer Lucius Cornelius Sulla issued the Lex Cornelia, probably the first law against poisoning. [PAR] Poison and politics were also intertwined in the early Renaissance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women's Fashion During WWI: 1914 - 1920 | Bellatory Women's Fashion During WWI: 1914 - 1920 | Bellatory [PAR] Women's Fashion During WWI: 1914 - 1920 [PAR] Women's Fashion During WWI: 1914 - 1920 [PAR] Updated on September 09, 2016 [PAR] Joined: 7 years agoFollowers: 2,826Articles: 189 [PAR] 10 [PAR] Women and Fashion 1919 [PAR] Fashions of Downton Abbey's Season 2 [PAR] Women's fashions of 1914-1920 were heavily influenced by World War I (the Great War) as well as the women's suffrage movement. These are the fashions featured in the second season of the popular PBS drama Downton Abbey which is set in the years 1916 - 1919. Though clothing of this time is often referred to as Edwardian, in the strictest sense it is not, as King Edward VII died in 1910. [PAR] Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, fashion had taken on a whole new look based on Orientalism with its soft drapery and bold prints. The lines of Russian peasant costume appeared in hip-length tunics, a style that lasted through the war years. [PAR] By 1914, women's clothing had lost the rigid, tailored lines of the Edwardian period, and the styles of fashion's first great design genius, Paul Poiret, obliterated the need for tight-fitting corsets. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] 1914 Woman in Sailor Blouse | Source [PAR] British Women's Land Army Poster | Source [PAR] World War I and Women [PAR] Before the war, Paris led the world of fashion. But due to the privations of war and loss of communication between the US and Europe, New York emerged as a fashion leader with new designs based on a combination or femininity and practicality. [PAR] During WWI, as men went off to fight, women took on jobs formerly filled by men. Women and girls who previously worked as domestic servants took jobs in munitions factories, performed administrative work, worked as drivers, nurses, and on farms. They volunteered for organizations like the Red Cross and joined the military. A new image of freedom and self respect led women away from traditional gender roles. They drove cars and demanded the right to vote. [PAR] Many of the occupations demanded the wearing of uniforms, including trousers. A military look crept into fashion designs as well, bringing military-style tunic jackets, belts, and epaulets. During World War I, people took to a plainer lifestyle. Women wore less jewelry, and the lavish clothing of the Edwardian period fell by the wayside. [PAR] As women dressed for new roles, gender-dictated dress codes relaxed. Skirts became shorter, as they often do during wartime, and colors became sober and muted. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] 1914 Barbier Sketch [PAR] Dating the Clothing Styles of the World War I Era [PAR] 1914 began with a strong Edwardian silhouette. Women wore lacy shirtwaists and long, narrow skirts that fell to the top of the foot. But the tunic effect\u2014 introduced by Paul Poiret, based on a Russian peasant look\u2014 came to blend with the military-style tunic worn during the Great War. [PAR] At the end of the Edwardian period (around 1910), Paul Poiret introduced the jupe colotte for evening wear\u2014 a high waisted tunic style dress worn with harem pants. As the world entered war in 1914, women were offered more tailored versions of the look which included military details along with checks and stripes. [PAR] Jeanne Paquin, the first woman to gain international fame in the world of fashion, created garments for the new, more active woman. Her version of the hobble skirt (a narrow skirt that restricted a woman's stride) included pleats for ease of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Galliano - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia - clothing ... John Galliano - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia - clothing, century, women, dress, style, new, body, collection [PAR] John Galliano - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia [PAR] John Galliano - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia [PAR] British designer [PAR] Born: Gibraltar, Spain, 1960. Education: Studied design at St. Martin's School of Art, London. Career: Graduation collection, Les Incroyables, sold to Brown's; freelance designer, establishing John Galliano fashion house, London, from 1984; designer for haute couture and ready-to-wear at Givenchy 1995-96; designer for haute couture and ready-to-wear at Christian Dior, from 1996; opened own shop in Bergdorf Goodman store, 1997; licensed fur line, 1998; opened shop in Saks Fifth Avenue, 2000; launched watch collection, 2001. Exhibitions: John Galliano at Dior, [retrospective], Design Museum of London, 2001-02. Awards: British Designer of Year award 1986, 1994, 1995; Bath Costume Museum Dress of the Year award, 1987; Telva award, Spain, 1995; International Fashion Group, Master of Fashion, 1997; Designer of the Year, Council of Fashion of America, 1998. Address: 60 Rue d'Avron, 75020 Paris, France. Website: www.dior.com . [PAR] Publications [PAR] Coleridge, Nicholas, The Fashion Conspiracy, London, 1988. [PAR] McDowell, Colin, Galliano, New York, 1997. [PAR] Watson, Linda, Vogue Twentieth Century Fashion: 100 Years of Style by Decade and Designer, London, 1999. [PAR] Articles [PAR] Brampton, Sally, \"Capital Collections: John Galliano,\" in Elle (London), March 1987. [PAR] John Galliano, designed for the house of Christian Dior's fall/winter 2000-01 haute couture collection. [PAR] \u00a9 AFP/CORBIS. [PAR] Menkes, Suzy, \"Jasper and John,\" in the Independent (London), 9 October 1987. [PAR] Rumbold, Judy, \"A Steal for Galliano,\" in The Guardian (London),14 October 1987. [PAR] Mower, Sarah, \"London Follows Galliano,\" in The Observer (London), 18 October 1987. [PAR] Coleman, Alix, \"Viva Galliano!\" in the Sunday Express Magazine (London), 8 November 1987. [PAR] Filmer, Deny, \"Designer Focus: John Galliano,\" in Cosmopolitan (London), February 1988. [PAR] Jobey, Liz, \"John Galliano: Romantic Hero,\" in Vogue (London),February 1988. [PAR] Brampton, Sally, \"The Great Galliano,\" in Elle (London), March 1988. [PAR] Irvine, Susan, \"Galliano and Co.,\" in Harrods Magazine, Spring 1988. [PAR] Gasperini, Nicoletta, \"John Galliano's Golden Year,\" in Donna (Milan), April 1988. [PAR] Collin, Matthew, \"The Boy Wonder: An Interview with John Galliano,\" in i-D (London), November 1989. [PAR] Rumbold, Judy, \"Galliano Leaps onto Centre Stage,\" in The Guardian, 26 February 1990. [PAR] Dickson, Elizabeth, \"A Life in the Day of John Galliano,\" in the Sunday Times Magazine, 1 March 1992. [PAR] Billen, Andrew, \"Galliano: Can He Really Cut It?\" in The Observer Magazine, 28 February 1993. [PAR] Reed, Julia, \"Incurable Romantic,\" in Vogue, March 1993. [PAR] Ingrassia, Michele, with Meggan Dissly, \"Dior Meets Disney World,\" in Newsweek, 26 December 1994. [PAR] Mauri\u00e9s, Patrick, \"Ma Poulette, Quel Style,\" in Vogue (Paris), February 1995. [PAR] \"Sei Grande, Grande, Grande\u2026/Nobody Does It Better,\" in Moda In (Modena), January-March 1995. [PAR] Spindler, Amy M., \"Four Who Have No Use for Trends,\" in the New York Times, 20 March 1995. [PAR] Menkes, Suzy, \"Show, Not Clothes, Becomes the Message,\" in the International Herald Tribune, 20 March 1995. [PAR] Kerwin, Jessica, \"Galliano in Gotham,\" in WWD, 23 May 1995. [PAR] Weisman, Katherine, and Janet Ozzard, \"The Galloping Galliano,\" in WWD, 9 September 1996. [PAR] \"Galliano Shop Bows with Bergdorf Gala,\" in WWD, 11 December 1997. [PAR] \"Galliano Sets Fur Line Debut,\" in WWD, 4 May 1998. [PAR] Weisman, Katherine, \"Galliano's Open-Dior Policy,\" in WWD, 3December 1999. [PAR] Dowd, Maureen, \"Haute Homeless,\" in the New York Times, 23January 2000. [PAR] Givhan, Robin, \"In Paris, Clothes Aren't Everything,\" in the Washington Post, 14 October 2000. [PAR] Rubenstein, Hal, \"The Look of Christian Dior,\" in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vivienne Westwood - Design Museum Vivienne Westwood - Design Museum [PAR] Vivienne Westwood [PAR] Posted September 11, 2014 -- Updated March 14 [PAR] Campaigning designer who personifies the potent and subversive originality of British fashion. [PAR] Share [PAR] Vivienne Westwood [PAR] Vivienne Westwood\u2019s continual exploration and reinterpretation of history, combined with a tireless individualism, has cemented her reputation as the UK\u2019s most culturally significant fashion designer. Her expansive body of work traces the socio-economic and cultural climate of Britain over the past four decades, and a cursory glance through her archive also highlights the paradox of her career: an ascent from teenage rebellion through luxury and decadence to global commercial success. [PAR] Vivienne Isabel Swire was born in Glossop, Derbyshire, in 1941. Although she made her own clothes and experimented with her looks from an early age she had little access to the high culture of art galleries, art books and theatre which was to inform her later career. At the age of 16 she moved with her family from northern England to Harrow, Middlesex, where she embarked on a silversmithing and jewellery-making course at Harrow School of Art. Impatient to earn a wage, however, she left Harrow abruptly, completed a typing course and found a job as a secretary. It was not until her mid-thirties that Westwood returned to fashion, by which time she had started work as a primary school teacher, married her first husband, Derek Westwood, and had her first child, Ben. [PAR] In 1965 Westwood met Malcolm McLaren, with whom she had a second son, Joseph (who founded the underwear label Agent Provocateur) and who re-triggered her interest in fashion and experimentation with her image. McLaren, a dynamic and radical character who Westwood regarded as \u2018fascinating and mad\u2019, introduced her to a plethora of new political and artistic ideas, which continue to influence her work today. Their partnership flourished both professionally and as a romance: McLaren had his finger on the pulse of contemporary culture and Westwood the creative flare to translate his ideas into clothing. [PAR] The continually evolving vision of Westwood and McLaren was brought to a wider public in 1971 when they took over a now legendary shop at 430 Kings Road, London. The site was a work in progress with a frequently changing name and merchandise that switched style continually as it reflected and launched London\u2019s subcultural currents. The first incarnation, Let it Rock, modelled itself on the 1950\u2019s Teddy-boy aesthetic. In 1973 Let it Rock ceded to Too Fast to Live Too Young to Die in tribute to James Dean\u2019s untimely death, and stocked fetish wear previously only available by mail order. [PAR] Westwood and McLaren\u2019s ambition to bring the dark world of sexual adventure and fetish to the streets of London was made explicit when they re-branded the shop SEX in 1975. SEX (later named Seditionaries) became synonymous with the most culturally significant street style of the second half of the 20th century, Punk. It was famous for its sexually crude and evocative garments: \u2018bondage\u2019 trousers and T-shirts emblazoned with provocative phrases like \u2018Cambridge Rapist\u2019 and \u2018Paedophilia\u2019 which caused controversy and outrage in the mainstream of British society. One particular T-shirt, \u2018Two Naked Cowboys\u2019, got their friend, the artist Alan Jones, arrested; while McLaren\u2019s newly formed Punk band, the Sex Pistols, were a highly effective promotional vehicle for the shop and its owners\u2019 ethos. [PAR] As Punk gradually began to influence the mainstream, the couple looked towards romanticism, heroism even, in fashion design. Westwood had dressed the Punks; now her Pirates collection (1979\u20131981) was adopted by musicians labelled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britney Spears - Buy Online at Perfume.com Britney Spears - Buy Online at Perfume.com [PAR] Cart [PAR] Britney Spears Perfume [PAR] Born in 1981, American pop performer Britney Spears is known for her string of early studio albums, music videos, and list of Grammy Award-winning songs . The artist's popularity and success as a singer extends to her other endeavors, including her line of Britney Spears perfumes. Fans of the pop music artist will be happy to find that Perfume.com carries a selection of her popular lines of perfume. Britney Spears fragrances at Perfume.com are available at bargain prices so that our customers ... Read More ... Read More can smell as amazing as a pop star without spending the fortune of one. [PAR] Spears first ventured into the fragrance business in 2004 in association with the cosmetic and fragrance company Elizabeth Arden. Her first perfume, named Curious, was widely popular, earning $100 million in five weeks, and is considered one of the best-selling perfumes to date. Over a five-year period, the singer created six fragrances, and Spears has stated that each of her fragrances and the tag lines associated with them represent a particular time in her life. The fragrances and tag lines are: [PAR] \u2022 Curious: \"Do You Dare?\" (2004) [PAR] \u2022 Fantasy: \"Everybody Has One\" (2005) [PAR] \u2022 In Control Curious: \"Are You?\" (2006) [PAR] \u2022 Midnight Fantasy: \"Magic Begins at Midnight\" (2006) [PAR] \u2022 Believe: \"The Greatest Freedom Is to Believe in Yourself\" (2007) [PAR] \u2022 Hidden Fantasy: \"What Do You Have to Hide?\" (2009) [PAR] Whether one is buying a gift for a friend, family member, or oneself, Perfume.com is the right place to purchase fragrances by Britney Spears. Longtime fans of the singer are likely familiar with the singer's fragrances and will love finding a low price on their favorite perfume. Britney Spears perfume isn't just for her fans, though. Even people who don't keep up with the artist's latest tunes can appreciate the variety of fragrances that the Britney Spears perfume collection offers. Our customers will be pleased at just how easy it is to find their favorite Britney Spears fragrance or fragrances listed on our site. [PAR] Perfume.com is the place to shop for discount prices on perfume by Britney Spears. As one of the leading online retailers of perfumes and colognes, we make it easy for our customers to find and purchase quality designer scents. We also want to make the ordering process as simple as possible. That means customers may contact us via our toll-free number if they have any questions about a Britney Spears fragrance or about our site in general. [PAR] Women's Britney Spears"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fashion designer Oscar de la Renta dies at 82 - CNN.com Fashion designer Oscar de la Renta dies at 82 - CNN.com [PAR] 1 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 In 2011, Penelope Cruz stole the spotlight at the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute Gala. The actress, who attended the event with de la Renta, wore a black silk organza gown from the designer's fall 2011 collection. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 Jennifer Lawrence's dress at the 2011 Screen Actors Guild Awards was as bright as her rising star in Hollywood. Lawrence's hot-pink de la Renta number landed the actress on People magazine's best-dressed list for the event. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 The handcrafted Oscar de la Renta gown that Amy Adams wore to the 2013 Oscars was so ethereal it almost looked as though the actress was floating on air. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 While de la Renta was known for his show-stopping dresses with full skirts or elongated trains, he could also make a simple shift sing. Anne Hathaway wore this short, breezy and sparkling de la Renta number to the Sydney premiere of \"Love & Other Drugs\" in 2010. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 De la Renta wasn't just the designer of choice for actresses -- musicians adored him, too. His penchant for bold designs attracted Nicki Minaj, who donned one of his creations for the 2011 American Music Awards. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 De la Renta knew his way around a floral pattern, inventing silhouettes that wouldn't overwhelm the wearer. Look at the clean lines he gave this eye-catching gown, which Scarlett Johansson wore to the 2009 premiere of \"He's Just Not That Into You.\" [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 For an occasion as big as her final \"Harry Potter\" premiere, actress Emma Watson chose a designer she knew would have a timeless and memorable look. Seen here at the 2011 premiere of \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Pt. 2,\" Watson's voluminous de la Renta dress perfectly matched the emotional scale of the event. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 At the 2013 Screen Actors Guild Awards, Tina Fey turned heads -- and landed on best-dressed lists -- in a sleek column gown from de la Renta. The sweetheart cut of the strapless dress was alluring without being overtly provocative, a combination that the designer nailed every time. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 21 [PAR] Photos: Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars [PAR] Oscar de la Renta: Dressing the stars \u2013 Taylor Swift is a professed devotee of Oscar de la Renta, and she chose to wear one of the designer's structurally impressive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cast of Characters: Symphony Angel - Spectrum Headquarters Cast of Characters: Symphony Angel [PAR] CAST OF CHARACTERS [PAR] CAPTAIN SCARLET and the MYSTERONS UNOFFICIAL WEBSITE [PAR] by Chris Bishop [PAR] UPDATES: April 12, 2015: Minor modifications [PAR] [PAR] \"I don't think I have a head for heights.\" [PAR] Undercover Symphony (voice by Janna Hill) [PAR] to a Mysteronised model who had asked her if she would have liked to be a pilot in \"Model Spy\". [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] (Sources: TV Century 21 material (Annuals, books and magazines), Engale Marketing's Century 21 magazine, Issue 15, Winter 1995, Fleetway Magazines, Captain Scarlet & the Mysterons book by Chris Drake & Graham Bassett, Complete Book of Captain Scarlet by Chris Bentley\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd all related to TV Century 21 material - Photo-montages provided by dedicated fans.) [PAR] [PAR] Angel aircraft fighter pilot, sometimes helicopter pilot. [PAR] Real name : [PAR] Symphony Angel's voice was provided by Janna Hill. [PAR] [PAR] History: [PAR] [PAR] Born January 6, 2042, in Cedar Rapids Iowa, Karen Wainwright displayed such amazing gifted talents at her unnamed high school in Boston, Massachusetts, where she often was top of the class, that consequently, still a teenager, she was sent at 16 to Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. There, she showed herself better than other students much older than she was, gaining seven degrees in the study and employment of mathematics and technology. So amazing were her academic abilities that Karen was nominated \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdstudent of the year\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd by the combined university committee. [PAR] [PAR] Her abilities attracted the attention of the Universal Secret Service and soon after she graduated from Yale, Karen was contacted and offered employment by them. An adventurous young person eager for excitement, the USS offer greatly appealed to Karen and she readily accepted it. She followed the USS comprehensive training course and such was her adaptability and swift and intelligent thinking that she passed it in only two years, while the norm was at least five years. By early 2062, Karen was a fully fledged USS field agent, dealing solely with industrial espionage, and she became a great credit to the organisation. During her career, she handled many tricky assignments, and in five years had become the USS\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds number one secret agent. This allowed her to develop techniques that helped revamp the way the USS was dealing with espionage, and these methods became a model to be used by other espionage and security agencies. [PAR] [PAR] While training as an aircraft pilot for a special USS mission, Karen literally fell in love with flying, and it wasn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt long before she came to realise that the one ambition in her life was to become an aircraft pilot. She left the service in early 2067, and joined up with an unnamed charter company, dealing with worldwide passenger transport. Karen\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds flying skills were so good that she soon gained worldwide recognition, and even became headline news. [PAR] [PAR] Her many talents and her potential were recognised by the Spectrum selection committee, and, she was offered the chance to become one of their ace pilots (some sources say at late as late 2067). Karen passed the entrance exam with ease and was enlisted by Spectrum to become Symphony Angel. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Personality profile: [PAR] On duty, Symphony is proficient and skilful, and totally dedicated to her role as Spectrum pilot. Intuitive, capable, and brave to the point of recklessness, her impetuosity, however, can get the better of her, and she sometimes finds herself in tricky situations (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdManhunt\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Trap\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd). [PAR] [PAR] Off duty, Symphony is quick-witted, and sympathetic"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eva Green - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Eva Green | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Spectre (film) [PAR] (stock footage) [PAR] Eva Gaelle Green is a French actress and model who played the Bond girl Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale . She is known as one of the most favored Bond girls. [PAR] Eva Green made her movie debut in the French movieThe Dreamers (2003), directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. The movie caused much controversy due to the explicit sex and full frontal nude scene by both the male and female actors. Green\u2019s performance was well received and led to Ridley Scott casting her for the blockbuster Kingdom of Heaven (2005). The year after she would play the role that would make her world famous, Bond girl Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale. EW named her the fourth-best Bond of all time [1] . IGN named here the beste femme-fatale [2] . She won a BAFTA and an Empire award for her performance. [PAR] Green has also starred in the moviesThe Dreamers , Kingdom of Heaven, The Golden Compass, Dark Shadows, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For and 300: Rise of an Empire.[DOC] [TLE] Vesper Lynd \u2013 Eva Green \u2013 Top Bond Girls Vesper Lynd \u2013 Eva Green \u2013 Top Bond Girls [PAR] Eva Green played Vesper Lynd [PAR] Vesper Lynd \u2013 Casino Royale \u2013 2006 [PAR] When James Bond is granted approval to take on Le Chiffre in a high stakes poker game at the Casino Royale, Her Majesty\u2019s Treasury sends along a foreign liaison officer from the Financial Action Task Force to keep an eye on the money and to ensure that 007 manages it appropriately. It is she who has a final say on whether or not Bond gets to use all the money that is available. [PAR] It turns out though that Lynd is a double agent working for the terrorist organisation known as Quantum, albeit, an unwilling double agent who is only doing Quantum\u2019s bidding because they have kidnapped Yusef Kabira, Lynd\u2019s lover. [PAR] Bond and Lynd don\u2019t hit it off initially as Bond doesn\u2019t like the feeling of someone else being in control of his actions. However, they grow to trust each other during a fight in the hotel and shortly afterwards when Lynd saves Bond\u2019s life after he is poisoned. [PAR] Bond wins the poker tournament but as he and Lynd are about to celebrate, Le Chiffre kidnaps her. Bond gives chase and eventually rescues her. Later they are seen together in Venice and Bond writes his letter of resignation. The pair are in love, but ultimately Lynd betrays Bond by embezzling the winnings from the Casino Royale tournament, which she hands over to Quantum, presumably in exchange for Bond being spared. [PAR] However, 007, realises what is happening and gives chase. A final fights takes place during which Vesper is locked in an elevator. After several explosions, the elevator and Vesper end up under water and she drowns. Although Bond finally frees her from her cage he cannot revive her. [PAR] Later when being debriefed by M, he copes with his grief by stating, \u201cThe job\u2019s done and the bitch is dead.\u201d [PAR] Eva Green on IMDb [PAR] Eva Green (6th July 1980) [PAR] 13Popularity: 13Place of Birth: Paris, France [PAR] Eva Ga\u00eblle Green, born July 6th 1980, is a French actress and model. She started her career in theatre before making her film debut in 2003 in Bernardo Bertolucci's controversial The Dreamers. She achieved international recognition when she appeared in Ridley Scott's Kingdom of Heaven,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tom Jones - Green Green Grass Of Home - amazon.com Tom Jones - Green, Green Grass of Home - Amazon.com Music [PAR] Green, green grass of home [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Check Out Our Turntable Store [PAR] Need a new record player? Check out our turntable store for a great selection of turntables, needles, accessories, and more. [PAR] Get a $75.00 statement credit after first Amazon.com purchase made with new Discover it\u00c2\u00ae card within 3 months. Terms and conditions apply. See offer for details. Apply now. [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Includes: Green Green Grass of Home A Taste of Honey Georgia on my Mind That old Black Magic If Ever I Would Leave You Any Day Now Someday You Came A Long Way My Mother's Eyes My Prayer Kansas City When I fall in Love [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #44,499 in Music ( See Top 100 in Music ) [PAR] Related Video Shorts [PAR] See all verified purchase reviews [PAR] Top Customer Reviews [PAR] By Karen S. Williams on April 22, 2013 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] I was so THRILLED to be able to find and buy this CD! It's perfect! I have been trying to replace (lost due to house fire) all my original Sir Tom Jones music collection, and this one is hard to find. It is in excellent shape/condition just as seller described it! This CD arrived just days after ordering it, so way early. It was as stated, pristine condition! It was packaged very well, and seller has been excellent also. I have bought from this seller once before, and also the music CD (Tom Jones again) was perfect. I would highly recommend this seller, will continue to buy from seller and would rate a 10 if possible. [PAR] By WILLIAM B. HARDY on October 15, 2015 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] Item as described,happy with purchase [PAR] By M11 on April 19, 2016 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] This should be reissued. It's one of Tom's better efforts, and in some ways, a precursor of the career he's put together the past twenty years or so. Instead of gospel and blues, there is an emphasis on country. I only acquired this album recently because I heard one of its songs in a dream. I woke up remembering a sad-sounding Tom Jones song playing in the dream like a soundtrack, and could only remember that it mentioned the word brothers. I looked online to see if there was a Tom Jones song with brothers, and found \"Two Brothers\" from this LP. I played a video of it online, and sure enough, it was the song that had played in my dream. The weird thing is, I don't ever remember hearing the song before hearing it in my dream. Perhaps I heard it once years before playing in a store or on an easy listening radio station and completely forgot it until it resurfaced via a dream. In any case, it's a rather haunting song that reminds me a bit of \"Greensleeves\" crossed with a Lee Hazlewood tune. I'm mostly glad it led me to this LP, which is entertaining overall. Besides \"Two Brothers,\" there is the hit title track, with a pretty good cover of \"Mohair Sam\" and other country type tunes. [PAR] By Maheen Wickramasinghe on October 24, 2015 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] I grew up with my parents playing this album, and now I have it on CD! I have every one of Sir Tom's albums on CD now and rare"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greenland - The Countries Wiki - Wikia Greenland | The Countries Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] v [PAR] Greenland is a constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark located in North America . From being a dependency to the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland became an integrated part of Denmark in 1953, and also became a part of the European Communities in 1973 when Denmark joined. Greenland attained self-rule within the kingdom in 1979 and following a referendum it left the European Communities 1985. Becoming the second territory to leave the future European Union after Algeria gained independence from France in the 1960s. In 2009 it attained further autonomy within the kingdom by a new self-government act. [PAR] Background [PAR] Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 81% ice capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament; the law went into effect the following year. Greenland voted in favor of increased self-rule in November 2008 and acquired greater responsibility for internal affairs in June 2009. Denmark, however, continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs, security, and financial policy in consultation with Greenland's Home Rule Government. [1] [PAR] Economy [PAR] The economy remains critically dependent on exports of shrimp and fish and on a substantial subsidy - about $650 million in 2009 - from the Danish Government, which supplies nearly 60% of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in Greenland's economy. Greenland's GDP contracted about 2% in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown. Budget surpluses turned to deficits beginning in 2007 and unemployment has risen. During the last decade the Greenland Home Rule Government (GHRG) pursued conservative fiscal and monetary policies, but public pressure has increased for better schools, health care and retirement systems. The Greenlandic economy has benefited from increasing catches and exports of shrimp, Greenland halibut and, more recently, crabs. Due to Greenland's continued dependence on exports of fish - which account for 82% of exports - the economy remains very sensitive to foreign developments. International consortia are increasingly active in exploring for hydrocarbon resources off Greenland's western coast, and international studies indicate the potential for oil and gas fields in northern and northeastern Greenland. In May 2007 a US aluminum producer concluded a memorandum of understanding with the Greenland Home Rule Government to build an aluminum smelter and a power generation facility, which takes advantage of Greenland's abundant hydropower potential. Within the area of mining, olivine sand continues to be produced and gold production has resumed in south Greenland. Tourism also offers another avenue of economic growth for Greenland, with increasing numbers of cruise lines now operating in Greenland's western and southern waters during the peak summer tourism season. [2] [PAR] Monarch [PAR] Frederik IX ( \u20a9 ) (June 5, 1953 - January 14, 1972) [PAR] Margrethe II ( \u20a9 ) (January 14, 1972 - ) [PAR] Nation[DOC] [TLE] Greenland | Blog of Maps of World mapsofworld Leave a comment [PAR] What is Greenland? [PAR] Greenland is an autonomous constituent country in the Kingdom of Denmark, and the largest island in the world that is not a continent. Greenland is a dependency of the Kingdom of Denmark. Greenland is known locally as Kalaallit Nunaat, and is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World of Monopoly.com World of Monopoly.com [PAR] Mini box - with separate board (1) Trade Mark - Patent No. 453689 [PAR] Publisher: John Waddington Ltd. - \u00b11938 [PAR] Dimensions of the box: 16.1 x 19.2 x 3.3 cm / Dimensions of the board: 49 x 49 cm [PAR] Most likely the patent was granted soon. because sets before the war still appeared with the Patent No. 453689. [PAR] Despite the patent was granted the banknotes still show the mention \"pat. app. for no. 3796-36\". [PAR] Features of this edition are: [PAR] The height of the box is 33 mm. [PAR] The stations are of L.N.E.R. [PAR] The Chance cards are entirely red, the Community Chest cards are entirely yellow. [PAR] For an answer on questions to the works \"Please enclose 1\u00bdd. stamp\". [PAR] In the circle on the banknotes is under the large number mentioned \"pat. app. for no. 3796-36\". [PAR] The banknotes are in the denominations of: 1 - 5 - 10 - 20 - 50 - 100 and 500. [PAR] The 6 tokens are of metal and are resp.: hat - iron - car - boat - shoe and thimble. [PAR] The houses and hotels are of dull wood. [PAR] Mini box - with separate board (1a) Trade Mark - Patent No. 453689 [PAR] Publisher: John Waddington Ltd. - \u00b11941 [PAR] Dimensions of the box: 16.1 x 19.2 x 3.3 cm / Dimensions of the board: 49 x 49 cm [PAR] Whilst most sets have normal coloured bars, this edition can best be referred to as \"the error set\", because the very striking point is the absence of the green bar on the title deeds of the properties Regent Street, Oxford Street and Bond Street. (See also chapter \" Print Errors and Production Mistakes \"). [PAR] Features of this edition are: [PAR] The height of the box is still 33 mm. [PAR] The image on the lid shows the patent number, as well as the Rules sheet. [PAR] The banknotes have still the \"pat. app. for no. 3796-36\"\". [PAR] The deed cards have at least one side serrated with 48 round perforation holes. [PAR] The Chance Cards are entirely dull pink, the Community Chest Cards are entirely yellow. [PAR] For an answer on questions to the works \"Please enclose 1\u00bdd. stamp\". [PAR] The banknotes are in the denominations of: 1 - 5 - 10 - 20 - 50 - 100 and 500. [PAR] The internal cardboard dividers and support platform are white. [PAR] The tokens are flat cardboard figures on a foot of black timber. The figures are: hat - iron - car - boat - shoe and rocking-horse. [PAR] The houses and hotels are of dull wood. [PAR] Two small wood dice, but no spinner. [PAR] Albert Veldhuis [PAR] Thanks to Albert C. Veldhuis for a lot of the information on this page and the time it took to put all this information together. [PAR] MONOPOLY, Waddington's, Parker Bros., Tonka and Hasbro and are Registered Trade Marks with Hasbro, 1935 2016, HASBRO, PARKER BROTHERS, Tonka, Waddington's, the MONOPOLY name and logo, the distinctive design of the game board, the four corner squares, the MR. MONOPOLY name and character, as well as each of the distinctive elements of the board and playing pieces are trademarks of Hasbro for its property trading game and game equipment. \u00a9 1935, 2016 Hasbro. The Winning Moves logo is the registered trademark of Winning Moves and the USAopoly logo is the registered trademark of USAopoly. All Rights Reserved. Used with Permission.[DOC] [TLE] Playing the Monopoly house price game | Moneywise Playing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The green-eyed monster - Shakespeare Quotes - eNotes.com The green-eyed monster - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] The green-eyed monster [PAR] O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; [PAR] It is the green-ey'd monster, which doth mock [PAR] The meat it feeds on. That cuckold lives in bliss, [PAR] Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger: [PAR] But O, what damn\u00e8d minutes tells he o'er [PAR] Who dotes, yet doubts, suspects, yet strongly loves! [PAR] Othello: [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] The notion that jealousy is green-eyed is probably older than Shakespeare, although Shakespeare is our earliest authority in print. In The Merchant of Venice, Portia refers to \"green-eyed jealousy\" (Act 3, scene 2), and here Shakespeare coins the more intense phrase \"green-ey'd monster.\" Renaissance Englishmen often paired colors with emotions or personal qualities: both green and yellow are emblematic of jealousy, and green is also emblematic of envy. Some colors are associated with the bodily fluids or \"humors\" thought to make up the temperament; green and black were the colors attributed to bile. [PAR] Iago's basic idea is that the fortunate man knows his wife is cheating; the unfortunate man only suspects it, and is caught between the jaws of affection and anxiety. History and Shakespeare's infinity of cuckold jokes testify that Renaissance men were particularly prone to suspect their wives. The social perils of cuckoldry were severe indeed: it ruined a man's credit and debased his wife. Such consequences produced an advanced state of jealous suspicion known as \"horn-madness,\" named after the metaphorical horns that were supposed to sprout from the cuckold's brow."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The One and Only: October 2007 - 1hw.blogspot.co.uk The One and Only: October 2007 [PAR] The One and Only [PAR] Celebrating the 1, 2 and no-hit wonders of years gone by, from a British point of view. [PAR] Sunday, 14 October 2007 [PAR] Artist: Doctor and the Medics [PAR] Title: Spirit In The Sky [PAR] Year: 1986 [PAR] Chart peak: 1 [PAR] You can't say that one hit wonders aren't a mixed bunch. At one end of the scale, you have the Serious Artists who try doggedly for years to break through, and are disppointed when it only happens once. And then at the other, you have those acts are only in it for laugh anyway, whose success takes even them completely by surprise and who don't really care if they never have another hit - acts like Doctor and the Medics, in fact. Truly, they are the anti-Eric Carmen. [PAR] The Medics were initially formed in London (supposedly to win a \u00a35 bet) by psychedelic club promoter and DJ Clive Jackson (vocals), Steve McGuire (guitar) and Gareth Thomas (bass) and released their debut single, \"The Druids Are Here\", in 1982. A clue to their not-entirely-serious outlook can be found in the title of the B side, \"The Goats Are Trying To Kill Me\". At the same time, Jackson was running a club called Alice In Wonderland, playing psychedelic rock. [PAR] Having failed to be assassinated by the caprine mafia, the band re-emerged in 1985, with Richard Searle replacing original bassist Thomas, issuing a brace of well-received indie singles, \"Happy But Twisted\" and \"Miracle Of The Age\". Taking their cue from glam rock and psychedelia, the group had a distinctive visual style (helped not only by a lorry-load of make-up but also by Jackson's towering 6'5\" frame) and a manic air which in 1986 came together with the perfect song to propel them into the wider public consciousness. [PAR] That song was \"Spirit In The Sky\", a bonkers pseudo-Christian number originally written by maverick Jewish songsmith Norman Greenbaum, and a number one hit for him back in 1970. The idea for the Medics' cover came to Clive Jackson in a dream - John Lennon took him to see Marc Bolan playing in a pub, and what should the late T-Rex frontman be playing but... you've guessed it. Thus, The Medics' version gave the song a T-Rex-like arrangement with Tony Visconti-style strings. The result: \"Spirit In The Sky\" became the first song to be a number one hit for two different one hit wonders. [PAR] The group issued two albums in the 1980s, 1986's \"Laughing At The Pieces\", which included the hit, and 1988's \"I Keep Thinking It's Tuesday\". Their 70s retro trip extended to covering Abba's \"Waterloo\" as a single, recorded with glam rock legend Roy Wood. [PAR] For a bunch of psychedelia fanatics, Doctor and the Medics remained remarkably well-grounded. To their credit, the group never took success too seriously, just enjoying fame while it lasted. They went their separate ways in 1989 - Jackson to a snail farm in the Brecon Beacons (which went out of business when all the snails caught the gastropod equivalent of influenza and died!), McGuire became a dance music producer and latterly started a company hiring out vehicles to bands needing tour buses and lorries to carry all their gear around in, while Searle formed the no-hit-wonder band Corduroy. [PAR] A new version of the group (with only Jackson remaining from the original line-up) emerged in 1996, releasing an album called \"Instant Heaven\" on their own Madman Records label, and soon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Finlay's Casebook: Amazon.co.uk: A.J. Cronin ... Dr. Finlay's Casebook: Amazon.co.uk: A.J. Cronin: 9781841588544: Books [PAR] Dr. Finlay's Casebook [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. [PAR] Apple [PAR] To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. [PAR] or [PAR] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . [PAR] Product details [PAR] Publisher: Birlinn Ltd; Omnibus ed edition (6 Mar. 2014) [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Product Dimensions: 12.7 x 2 x 20.3 cm [PAR] Average Customer Review: [PAR] Product Description [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Archibald Joseph Cronin, born in 1896, was a novelist, dramatist and writer of non-fiction who was one of the most renowned storytellers of the twentieth century. His best-known works are The Stars Look Down, The Citadel, The Keys of the Kingdom and The Green Years, all of which were adapted to film. He served as a Royal Navy surgeon during the First World War before graduating from medical school. During an enforced holiday from his medical practice due to ill health he composed his first novel, Hatter's Castle, with which he enjoyed immense success and which launched his career as a prolific author; he never returned to practicing medicine. He died on 6 January 1981 (aged 84) in Montreux, Switzerland. [PAR] What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item?[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Finlay (TV Series 1993\u20131996) - IMDb Doctor Finlay (TV Series 1993\u20131996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Following his service in World War II, Dr. Finlay returns to the practice at Arden House, at a time when the National Health Service is about to be instituted. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Dr. Napier starts to promote women's health issues by holding seminars and giving out information to her new patients. She particularly wants to ensure that they know about various approaches to ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] Rachel Gant has been committed to an asylum for the past 38 years. Upon her father's death, her mother sees to her release - only to discover the dark secrets that have been locked away. [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] Angus Livingston and Dr. Cameron have a set to over a prescription the Doctor wrote. As a result of Cameron's scribbles, Angus gave a larger dose that he wanted. Neither agree to back down on the ... [PAR] 8.3 [PAR] a list of 98 titles [PAR] created 12 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 27 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 2127 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 12 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 101 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Doctor Finlay \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Doctor Finlay (1993\u20131996)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does a Dermatologist do ? - Sokanu What does a Dermatologist do? [PAR] What does a Dermatologist do? [PAR] \u2605 [PAR] A Dermatologist is a specialized type of Doctor . Also known as: Skin Physician , Skin Doctor . [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Comments [PAR] A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions affecting skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands, mucus membranes (inside the mouth, nose, and eyelids) which can include cancer. The skin is the largest and most visible organ of the body, and reflects the health of the body. It acts as a barrier to injury and bacteria. [PAR] Dermatology patients can be of any age, from babies to people who are more than 100 years old. Out of 3,000 different dermatology conditions that might be treated, 20 of these account for around 80 percent of a dermatologist's workload. [PAR] How to Become a Dermatologist [PAR] Think you might be interested in becoming a Dermatologist? Here are your next steps. [PAR] Take the Sokanu Career Test [PAR] Would you make a good dermatologist? Sokanu's free assessment reveals how compatible you are with a career across 5 dimensions! [PAR] View all jobs \u2192 [PAR] What does a Dermatologist do? [PAR] In certain parts of the world, like Australia, dermatologists spend much of their time treating conditions resulting from exposure to the sun, such as malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. In other regions, dermatologists are more likely to encounter cosmetic problems; moles, hair and nail disorders, occupational dermatitis, psoriasis, skin infections, eczema, acne, rosacea, and hand dermatitis. Rosacea is a common skin condition that can cause redness and swelling. Hand dermatitis results from contact with household chemical and affects most women with children. The cosmetic problems for which dermatologists can provide assistance include wrinkles, age spots and other signs of aging, hair loss, and scars. Some dermatologists perform minor cosmetic procedures such as face lifts, liposuction, and blepharoplasty, a surgical modification of the eyelid. [PAR] Cosmetics, industrial compounds, and pesticides continually present new dermatological problems. The increased outdoor work and leisure time of people today have increased their exposure to the sun and other hazards that can cause skin problems. It takes years of training and experience to learn how to distinguish the subtle differences in skin problems. Different conditions often share similar symptoms. There is therefore a growing need for more doctors to understand dermatology. [PAR] Family doctors might refer a patient to a dermatologist only after their treatment has failed, or if an unsuccessful treatment has caused complications. Because of this, it is often cost-effective to see a dermatologist in the first instance. Dermatologists are also better able to make an early diagnosis. Dermatology was once considered a \"lightweight\" specialty, but is now recognized as being critical to people's well-being. [PAR] Most skin conditions can be treated with topical therapy such as lotions and creams. The surgical procedures dermatologists must learn include the injection of fillers and botulinum toxin (botox) to give a patient a more youthful appearance at the expense of facial mobility, cryotherapy and other procedures to remove common skin growths such as warts, excision, and skin and nail biopsies where the patient is awake and small amounts of tissue are removed to facilitate diagnosis. [PAR] Find your perfect career [PAR] Would you make a good dermatologist? Sokanu's free assessment reveals how compatible you are with a career across 5 dimensions! [PAR] Take the free career test [PAR] How to Become a Dermatologist [PAR] Skin conditions are often associated with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First human heart transplant - Dec 03, 1967 - HISTORY.com First human heart transplant - Dec 03, 1967 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First human heart transplant [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On December 3, 1967, 53-year-old Lewis Washkansky receives the first human heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. [PAR] Washkansky, a South African grocer dying from chronic heart disease, received the transplant from Denise Darvall, a 25-year-old woman who was fatally injured in a car accident. Surgeon Christiaan Barnard, who trained at the University of Cape Town and in the United States, performed the revolutionary medical operation. The technique Barnard employed had been initially developed by a group of American researchers in the 1950s. American surgeon Norman Shumway achieved the first successful heart transplant, in a dog, at Stanford University in California in 1958. [PAR] After Washkansky\u2019s surgery, he was given drugs to suppress his immune system and keep his body from rejecting the heart. These drugs also left him susceptible to sickness, however, and 18 days later he died from double pneumonia. Despite the setback, Washkansky\u2019s new heart had functioned normally until his death. [PAR] In the 1970s, the development of better anti-rejection drugs made transplantation more viable. Dr. Barnard continued to perform heart transplant operations, and by the late 1970s many of his patients were living up to five years with their new hearts. Successful heart transplant surgery continues to be performed today, but finding appropriate donors is extremely difficult. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Dr. Robert\" by The Beatles. The in-depth story behind the ... \"Dr. Robert\" by The Beatles. The in-depth story behind the songs of the Beatles. Recording History. Songwriting History. Song Structure and Style. [PAR] \u201cDR. ROBERT\u201d [PAR] (John Lennon \u2013 Paul McCartney) [PAR] So, when was the first time that you suspected from listening to their music that The Beatles were using drugs? Most first generation fans would probably point to songs from the year 1967, such as the lyric \u201cI get high with a little help from my friends,\u201d or the imagery used in \u201c Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds ,\u201d not to mention the supposed message hidden in the initials of that song. The year 1968 gave us clues as well, such as the lyrics \u201cI need a fix \u2018cause I\u2019m going down\u201d from \u201c Happiness Is A Warm Gun \u201d and \u201cthe deeper you go, the higher you fly\u201d from \u201c Everybody\u2019s Got Something To Hide Except Me And My Monkey .\u201d [PAR] While there are probably many other examples that can be pointed to, the first obvious indication was on the 1966 \u201c Revolver \u201d album (or \u201c Yesterday\u2026And Today \u201d album in the US). Only the naive would have thought that \u201cDr. Robert\u201d was a song about John\u2019s family \u2018ear, nose and throat\u2019 physician. But then again, young fans may have thought just that! Could listeners have thought that this doctor was a reference to a New York rehab of some sort, and not someone who was actually supplying illegal substances? John\u2019s longtime friend Pete Shotton remembers, \u201cWhen John first played me the acetate of \u2018Dr. Robert,\u2019 he seemed beside himself with glee over the prospect of millions of record buyers innocently singing along.\u201d [PAR] While the group had been drug users for awhile before this time, they had only hinted at this fact in their music up to this point. The lyrics \u201cturns me on\u201d was slyly included in the song \u201c She\u2019s A Woman ,\u201d and the description of a woman as being a \u201c Day Tripper \u201d were two notable examples, but they were included in such a way that not many would suspect anything. \u201c The Word \u201d was admittedly written under the influence of marijuana, as was a lot of the \u201c Rubber Soul \u201d album, but that was also veiled in disguise. It wasn\u2019t until 1966 that they threw all caution to the wind and released a song that was blatantly about a drug pusher. [PAR] The subject matter may have been clear, but the real curiosity here was with his identity. Who really was \u201cDr. Robert\u201d? [PAR] [PAR] John Lennon being interviewed, 1966 [PAR] Songwriting History [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s all about a queer!\u201d This was John Lennon\u2019s response when asked about the song during an interview. Keep in mind, however, that when he was asked about the inspiration behind \u201c Eleanor Rigby \u201d his response was \u201ctwo queers.\u201d Also, when a reporter asked what they thought about a Time Magazine article that explained \u201c Day Tripper \u201d as being about a prostitute and \u201c Norwegian Wood \u201d as being about a lesbian, Paul\u2019s response was \u201cWe were just trying to write songs about prostitutes and lesbians, you know.\u201d Obviously they were joking at the expense of those who were trying to interpret their music. Therefore, we can easily rule out \u201cDr. Robert\u201d [PAR] being about a \u201cqueer.\u201d [PAR] Another curious quote from John about the song came in 1980. \u201cIt was about myself. I was the one that carried all the pills on tour and always"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rick Vosper: Who's Number 1? | Bicycle Retailer and ... Rick Vosper: Who's Number 1? | Bicycle Retailer and Industry News [PAR] Rick Vosper: Who's Number 1? [PAR] Published June 20, 2012 [PAR] by Rick Vosper [PAR] Conventional wisdom is the Big Three bike brands \u2014 Trek, Giant, and Specialized \u2014 control the lion\u2019s share of the US bike market. Actual numbers in this business are almost impossible to come by, but you\u2019d be hard put to find an industry insider who\u2019d disagree with that statement. [PAR] And in terms of total unit sales, that wisdom is probably right. But when you look a little deeper, from the viewpoint of an individual consumer going into an individual local bike shop, the picture changes pretty significantly. [PAR] Turns out there\u2019s a total of 143 bike brands active in the US market (down from 150 last year). Moreover, in terms of which brands are tops in which shops and/or markets, it\u2019s not Trek, Giant, or Specialized that leads the pack. Not Raleigh or Cannondale or Haro or Diamondback or Schwinn, or any of the top brands we\u2019d all expect. [PAR] On a purely representative basis, the leading brand in the country is\u2026\u201dOther.\u201d And it has been for years. [PAR] The bottom line is that in terms or retail representation, anyway, none of the top ten brands is anywhere near as big as those bottom 130 combined. You\u2019d have to merge Trek and Giant to equal those little guys in aggregate. [PAR] So individually, the smaller brands don\u2019t pack much of a punch, market-impact-wise. But put them all together, and they\u2019re a force to be reckoned with. Which has some very powerful implications for the bike-buying, consumer, for retailers, and for the industry as a whole. More about that in just a minute. [PAR] Source data for this claim is the just-released National Bicycle Dealer Association (NBDA) report, US Bicycle Market 2011 , written by our friends at the Gluskin-Townley group. You can pick up your own copy for $299 from the NBDA, or save a hundred bucks if you\u2019re a member there. [PAR] The results are based on a survey of more than 300 independent bike shops, and \u201cthe basic question,\u201d according to author Jay Townley, \u201cwas to write in their bestselling bicycle brands, not numbers, but bestselling brands based on unit volume. So with Trek, for instance, 12% of retailers surveyed said it was their bestselling brand.\u201d [PAR] Even more interesting is how the representation shakes out by shop size, says Townley. \u201cAt $300,000 or less, Trek is #7; Redline is #1. At $3000-5000, Trek is #2,Raleighis #1. Where Trek has its hold is in the million-plus-dollar retailers. Trek is not #1 in all regions of the country, nor are they #1 in all size stores. It varies.\u201d [PAR] But wait, there\u2019s more. [PAR] \u201cTrek, Giant, And Specialized pretty much control the top 3 spots,\u201d Townley continues. For the others, it\u2019s very dynamic, depending on a lot of things, including who\u2019s got inventory that year and how good it is in the eyes of the dealers. The only brand which held its position over the past four years is Cannondale at #8. Schwinn held the #11 slot from 2008-2010, then jumped up to the #10 slot in 2011.\u201d [PAR] Makes sense, right? To maximize sales, the most powerful brands make it their business to be in the most powerful (generally = biggest) retailers. But not all bike shops represent all brands, and there\u2019s plenty of excellent not-so-big retailers (and bike brands) in this country\u2026which means there\u2019s a huge number"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the Different Events in Track and Field? What are the Different Events in Track and Field? [PAR] What are the Different Events in Track and Field? [PAR] Originally Written By: Leo J [PAR] Revised By: A. Joseph [PAR] Last Modified Date: 12 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] These 10 animal facts will amaze you [PAR] Track and field is a sport that includes includes many events, most of which fall under one of the two categories: track or field. Track events are those in which the athletes compete by running. Field events are those in which the athletes jump, vault or throw an object. Some events, such as the decathlon and heptathlon, are composed of multiple other events. Common track and field events include dashes, relays, hurdles, the long jump and the high jump , among others. [PAR] Track Events [PAR] In most cases, track events are measured in meters, although some minor levels of track and field, such as competitions for children, might measure events in yards. The shorter track events are called dashes or sprints. Some of the common distances for dashes are 50, 55, 60, 100, 200 and 400 meters. On standard-size tracks, one lap is 400 meters. [PAR] Races that are 800, 1,500, 1,600 or 3,200 meters long are often referred to as middle distance events. The most common distance events, or long-distance events, include the 5,000- and 10,000-meter runs. Some competitions might include races that are even longer. The marathon , which is 26.2 miles (42.2 km), is considered a track and field event in some competitions, such as the Olympics . [PAR] Relays are events in which four teammates run, one at a time, passing a small baton from one runner to the next. The three most common distances for relays are totals of 400, 800 or 1,600 meters. These races are often identified by the number of runners and the distance they each run, rather than the total distance of the race. So, for example, the 800-meter relay might be called the 4x200 relay \u2014 typically pronounced as \"four by 200 relay.\" [PAR] Hurdle events also are held on tracks, and the athletes must leap over the evenly spaced hurdles as they run. Common distances include the 60-, 110-, 300- and 400-meter hurdles for boys or men and the 60-, 100-, 300- and 400-meter hurdles for girls or women. These races are sometimes identified by their distance and either \"high hurdles,\" \"intermediate hurdles\" or \"low hurdles.\" The shorter the race, the greater the height of the hurdles, in most cases. For example, the hurdles might be 42 inches (106.7 cm) high for a men's 110 hurdles race and 36 inches (91.4 cm) for a men's 400 hurdles competition. [PAR] Field Events [PAR] The field events include four in which the athletes throw objects: discus, shot put , hammer and javelin. The size of the objects \u2014 or implements \u2014 that are thrown can vary according to the age level and gender of the competitors. In the discus, the athlete throws a heavy disc using a spinning motion, and in the shot put, the athlete tosses a heavy sphere, usually by pushing it from his or her shoulder. The hammer is actually a heavy ball at the end of a wire with a handle at one end, and it also is thrown using a spinning motion. A javelin is a spear-like implement \u2014 youths often use javelins that have been modified to be safer \u2014 that is thrown over-handed. [PAR] There also are four field events in which the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colin McRae - WRC.com\u00ae |Official Website FIA World Rally ... WRC Driver Legends | Best Rally Driver Legends| Profile - wrc.com [PAR] Rally Wins: [PAR] 25 [PAR] Colin McRae was made to drive rally cars. He had an astonishing ability to fire a car between the trees faster than anybody else and it was that speed, allied to outrageous bravery, which enabled him to win 25 world rallies. [PAR] McRae\u2019s talents were obvious on the British circuit from the minute he stepped aboard a battered Talbot Sunbeam. He continued to flatten his learning curve in a Vauxhall Nova and Ford Sierra Cosworths and when he finished sixth on the 1990 RAC Rally, Subaru signed him up. [PAR] Two British titles followed and McRae began to make an impression with a limited programme of world events. Such was the manner of the man that he rolled his Legacy four times in the 1992 1000 Lakes Rally in Finland but still finished eighth! McRae\u2019s speed was breathtaking and his first WRC win came in New Zealand in 1993. [PAR] The Impreza replaced the Legacy and this was McRae\u2019s car. He won 15 times in the various guises of Impreza from 1994 to 1998, including an emotional first win at home in Britain in 1994 and an even more emotional first title there 12 months later after a tight and awkward battle with team-mate Carlos Sainz. [PAR] With McRae topping the world at just 27, the Scot was tipped for plenty more titles but those wins didn\u2019t follow. [PAR] Despite winning five rallies in 1997, he missed out to Tommi M\u00e4kinen by one point. He joined Ford in 1999 and came close to the title in 2001 but crashed his Focus heavily on the Rally GB decider. [PAR] He was the complete driver and a global superstar, but the sport was rocked on 15 September 2007, when McRae, his son Johnny and two family friends were killed in a helicopter crash. [PAR] McRae\u2019s talents were obvious on the British circuit from the minute he stepped aboard a battered Talbot Sunbeam. He continued to flatten his learning curve in a Vauxhall Nova and Ford Sierra Cosworths and when he finished sixth on the 1990 RAC Rally, Subaru signed him up. [PAR] Two British titles followed and McRae began to make an impression with a limited programme of world events. Such was the manner of the man that he rolled his Legacy four times in the 1992 1000 Lakes Rally in Finland but still finished eighth! McRae\u2019s speed was breathtaking and his first WRC win came in New Zealand in 1993. [PAR] The Impreza replaced the Legacy and this was McRae\u2019s car. He won 15 times in the various guises of Impreza from 1994 to 1998, including an emotional first win at home in Britain in 1994 and an even more emotional first title there 12 months later after a tight and awkward battle with team-mate Carlos Sainz. [PAR] With McRae topping the world at just 27, the Scot was tipped for plenty more titles but those wins didn\u2019t follow. [PAR] Despite winning five rallies in 1997, he missed out to Tommi M\u00e4kinen by one point. He joined Ford in 1999 and came close to the title in 2001 but crashed his Focus heavily on the Rally GB decider. [PAR] He was the complete driver and a global superstar, but the sport was rocked on 15 September 2007, when McRae, his son Johnny and two family friends were killed in a helicopter crash. [PAR] WRC+[DOC] [TLE] Colin McRae Motorsports : Homepage Colin McRae"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] W.G. Grace | England Cricket | Cricket Players and ... W.G. Grace | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] 1865 - 1908 [PAR] Profile [PAR] It is more than 150 years since WG Grace was born, but there are other ways of measuring how distant he is in time. For one thing, no one still alive, not even Jim Swanton, can remember seeing him play (although in Sort Of A Cricket Person, EWS notes that \"I am supposed to have watched [him] from my perambulator on the Forest Hill ground round 1910\"). Eight decades have passed since Grace died, yet he dogs us still, demanding our attention at regular intervals. [PAR] The statistics of his career are alone enough to explain why - more than 54,000 first-class runs (there are at least two different versions of the precise figure, so let's leave it at that) spread across 44 seasons, including 839 in just eight days of 1876, when he hit a couple of triple-centuries, and only one other batsman managed to top a thousand runs in the entire season; a thousand in May in 1895, when he was nearly 47; and 2800-odd wickets costing less than 18 runs apiece. I suppose we might wonder why his bowling average wasn't even more impressive, given the ropey pitches on which Dr Grace played. No modern cricketer would deign to turn out on them, which makes his batting all the more wondrous, and comparisons with Bradman or anyone since quite pointless. [PAR] But there was not that much to Grace apart from these skills and his devotion to his family. A hand of whist appears to have marked the limit of his capacity for cerebration, and if one wished to be rude to suburbia one might identify Grace as suburban man incarnate, fluctuating mentally as well as physically between the fringes of Bristol and the London Counties, ultimately coming to rest in Eltham. His one inherited asset was that he came from a clan which was dotty about a great game and dutiful (but in some cases no more) about the general practice of medicine, with no doubt in its collective mind which came first at all times and in all places. His brother EM Grace, who was a coroner, once had a corpse put on ice until he could attend to it at close of play, and WG himself must have had one of the most prolonged medical trainings in history because he so frequently interrupted it in order to exercise his major talent at the crease. He began to study as a bachelor of 19, and was a father of three in his thirties before taking his final qualification at Westminster Hospital. His most conspicuous act as a doctor is thought to have occurred when an unfortunate fieldsman impaled himself on the boundary fence at Old Trafford. [PAR] It was simply because the cricketing Grace totally dominated his own era that an exasperated CLR James could not understand why standard history books of the period never mentioned him. This man, for heaven's sake, opened for England at the age of 50 - and at the age of 18 he had scored 224 not out for England against Surrey, in a match which he left halfway through in order to win a quarter-mile hurdles championship at the Crystal Palace! No wonder he was the best-known Englishman apart from Mr Gladstone, so much so that Evelyn Waugh's friend, Monsignor Ronnie Knox, waggishly suggested that Gladstone and Grace were really one and the same celebrity. [PAR] Athletic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 5 Golfers With the Most PGA Tour Wins - The Cheat Sheet 5 Golfers With the Most PGA Tour Wins [PAR] 5 Golfers With the Most PGA Tour Wins [PAR] Reddit [PAR] Tiger Woods receives the green jacket after winning The Masters | Timothy A. Clary/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] It feels like forever ago since we last spoke about Tiger Woods and his quest to be the greatest golfer in history . And yet, the crazy thing is that it\u2019s only been a few years since Tiger was taking it to the rest of the tour, playing as if he could easily win each and every Sunday afternoon. Then again, in the sports world, perhaps 2013 was in fact a lifetime ago. Here\u2019s a recap. [PAR] Another turbulent year has come to a close for Tiger Woods, and the golfer finished his 2013 season with a loss to Zach Johnson, failing to add what would have been a sixth overall victory to an otherwise strong year. Sunday marked the end of his 17th full year as a pro, but Woods made it clear following the tournament that his work is far from over and that he still wants to beat two of the best records in golf: Jack Nicklaus\u2019 18 major titles and Sam Snead\u2019s total of 82 career wins on the PGA Tour. [PAR] 2013 was another dramatic year for Woods, but it will likely go down as the one in which the golfer finally returned to dominant play. While Woods didn\u2019t add to his major championship tally of 14 this season \u2014 the fifth year in a row he missed the mark \u2014 but he did win the Players Championship, two World Golf Championships, and two regular tournaments at Torrey Pines and Bay Hill. [PAR] Woods still has his sights set on Nicklaus and Snead\u2019s titles; he stands four majors behind Nicklaus and three wins behind Snead. Woods will turn 38 at the end of December, but as he takes a much anticipated break from play, he is already strategizing how he can come closer to claiming record victory next year. Like he told Sky Sports : [PAR] The easier goal is going to be getting to Sam\u2019s record \u2014 you could get to there basically by playing the first three events of the year and win three in a row. But the major championships are a bit more spread out in April, June, and July, so it\u2019s certainly much harder to get to Jack\u2019s number than it will be to get to Sam\u2019s number. But both of them I think are significant numbers, significant milestones and hopefully one day in my career I\u2019ll be able to surpass both of them. [PAR] So we know Woods is No. 2 on the PGA Tour wins list and Snead is No.1, but we can\u2019t forget about the others. Here are the five golfers with the most PGA Tour victories. [PAR] Page 1 of 6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | Entertainment | New presenter for Blue Peter BBC News | Entertainment | New presenter for Blue Peter [PAR] Thursday, January 7, 1999 Published at 14:35 GMT [PAR] Entertainment [PAR] New presenter for Blue Peter [PAR] Simon Thomas: Seems like a nice boy [PAR] The BBC children's TV programme Blue Peter has picked a new presenter - he is taking over from Richard Bacon who was sacked from the show for taking drugs. [PAR] Simon Thomas, the son of a vicar from Suffolk, landed the job after applying to the programme for the fourth time. [PAR] \"I was gob-smacked when I was told I'd got through all the hoops,\" he said. [PAR] Richard Bacon: Sacked for taking cocaine [PAR] Former presenter Richard Bacon lost his job three months ago after admitting to his bosses that he had taken cocaine at a party. As a result Blue Peter's producers took the unprecedented step of apologising on-air to viewers. [PAR] Although new to Blue Peter and presenting, Simon Thomas has worked for some time behind the scenes at Sunday morning Children's BBC. [PAR] He also has lots of experience working with children, spending every summer for the past eight years at a Christian centre in Norfolk running workshops for young people. [PAR] He will be the 27th presenter in the history of the long running programme - and he joins the current team of Stuart Miles, Katy Hill and Konnie Huq. [PAR] Blue Peter editor Oliver MacFarlane said: \"Simon's showreel really stood out amongst hundreds of others - it just goes to show how perseverance can pay off.\" [PAR] The new presenter has already been welcomed by the rest of the team and his first show will be on Friday. [PAR] He said: \"Action man Peter Duncan was my Blue Peter favourite when I was growing up - I'm really looking forward to following in his footsteps.\"[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | Entertainment | Top radio DJ suspended BBC News | Entertainment | Top radio DJ suspended [PAR] Sunday, April 25, 1999 Published at 10:31 GMT 11:31 UK [PAR] Entertainment [PAR] Top radio DJ suspended [PAR] Radio 2 DJ Johnnie Walker has been suspended by the BBC following Sunday newspaper allegations of drug abuse. [PAR] Johnnie Walker was due on air on Monday [PAR] The News of the World said it had film of Walker, a former Radio 1 favourite, cutting up cocaine, snorting the drug and offering it to the paper's team of undercover reporters. [PAR] The paper said Walker had also offered to supply them with Russian prostitutes. [PAR] The report comes only six months after Blue Peter presenter Richard Bacon was sacked from the popular BBC children's programme after he admitted taking cocaine. [PAR] 'Full investigation under way' [PAR] A statement from the BBC said: \"We have suspended Johnnie Walker from his Radio 2 show pending a BBC investigation to be led by Jenny Abramsky, the BBC's director of radio.\" [PAR] Walker, 55, hosted his Saturday afternoon show, apparently unaware of the coming storm, but was suspended late on Saturday night after the story broke. [PAR] He was due to go back on air at 1700 BST on Monday but a replacement presenter will now present his drive time show. [PAR] 'Undercover reporters' [PAR] The report, by the News of the World's award-winning investigations editor Mazher Mahmood, said Walker met an undercover team from the paper in a London hotel room. [PAR] The paper said it was tipped off about Walker by a source at the BBC and bumped into him during his 55th birthday party."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Peter's theme tune - BBC BBC New Talent Under 16s - Blue Peter Music Makers - Theme Tunes [PAR] [PAR] Blue Peter's theme tune [PAR] Blue Peter Music Makers gave 40 young musicians the chance to get involved in recording a new version of the theme tune 'Barnacle Bill'. [PAR] The track is one of the best known pieces of music on TV and has been used on the programme since the first ever episode in 1958. There have been lots of different versions of the tune but perhaps the most famous is Mike Oldfield's track from 1979, which was also released as a single. [PAR] Demonstration from Mike Oldfield [PAR] Mike Oldfield is the man who inspired Murray Gold to become a composer. His version of the Blue Peter theme tune was one of the best loved and included dozens of different instruments, which he all played himself. In this video clip Mike shows former Blue Peter presenter Simon Groom how he put the piece together back in 1979."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hill Rag Magazine October 2013 - issuu Hill Rag Magazine October 2013 by Capital Community News - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] hillrag.com \u00e2&#x20AC;\u02d8 October 2013 [PAR] Est. 1981 [PAR] Todd Bissey 202-841-7653 THE BISSEY TEAM [PAR] Todd Bissey 202-841-7653 THE BISSEY TEAM [PAR] Pete Frias 202-744-8973 www.PeterFrias.com [PAR] Stan Bissey 202-841-1433 THE BISSEY TEAM [PAR] Todd Bissey 202-841-7653 THE BISSEY TEAM [PAR] D SOL [PAR] Tastefully renovated Colonial Village classic features 5BR/3.5BA on four finished levels. Genie Hutinet 202-413-7661 [PAR] CAPITOL HILL 522 10th Street, SE Genie Hutinet 202-413-7661 [PAR] CAPITOL HILL 923 G Street, SE Genie Hutinet 202-413-7661 [PAR] CAPITOL HILL [PAR] Stan Bissey 202-841-1433 THE BISSEY TEAM [PAR] Pete Frias 202-744-8973 www.PeterFrias.com [PAR] \u201cWHERE WASHINGTON SHOPS FOR A NEW ADDRESS!\u201d\u00ae 225 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20003 [PAR] Tel: 202-544-3900 www.johncformant.com [PAR] Sales \u2022 Rentals \u2022 Commercial Leasing \u2022 Property Management \u2022 Investments [PAR] HillRag | October 2013 H 3 [PAR] COLDWELL BANKER [PAR] RESIDENTIAL BROKERAGE [PAR] Your Strong Local Brokerage With Deep National & International Roots Main Office: 202.547.3525 I N F O R M AT I O N D EEM ED R ELI A B LE B U T N O T G UA R A N T EED [PAR] Coldwell Banker Invests In Capitol Hill As the dominant residential real estate brokerage in your neighborhood for over 35 years, we have always invested our time and resources in the Capitol Hill community. From the beginning, we have tied our destiny to an emerging neighborhood full of promise but fraught with risk. Indeed, we suffered through two disastrous market downturns and have reinvented ourselves several times. Through all of the ups and downs, this community has never failed to support us and we, in turn, have never lost faith in the future of Capitol Hill. Whether it was providing a loan when the Capitol Hill Day School wanted to buy a building or stepping up when the Capitol Hill Cluster School 10k original sponsor was unable to continue or providing the seed money and time and effort to start what would become the Capitol Hill Children\u2019s Baseball League, we have always been there. The following is a sample of the financial contributions that we have made over the years. Capitol Hill Cluster School [PAR] Over $100,000 [PAR] Capitol Hill Community Foundation Capitol Hill Day School The St. Peter School [PAR] Capitol Hill Children\u2019s Baseball League Barracks Row Main Street The Hill Center [PAR] Over $30,000 Over $50,000 Over $50,000 $7,000 [PAR] Over $10,000 [PAR] $5,000 [PAR] Add to the above, another $300,000 in support and sponsorships of various Hill organizations and initiatives over the decades. None of this includes the tens of thousands of dollars in sponsorships and donations made by our individual agents. We have provided scores of officers and directors for CHAMPS, the BID, Barracks Row, CHAW, the Foundation, the Restoration Society, The Village and many of our Hill schools. Our agents have givens thousands of volunteer hours to nearly every event and organization on the Hill over the past 3 decades. The Hill has been recently discovered by many. Not by us, for we have always known what we have had and have worked tirelessly to help make it what it has become today and what it will be tomorrow. 4 H hillrag.com [PAR] Thanks from all of us for all of your support for us along the way. HANNA BAKER DEE DEE BRANAND EVELYN BRANIC CHUCK BURGER ETHAN CARSON LIBBY CLARKE STEVE CLINE MANUEL CORTES CRYSTAL CRITTENDEN MARSHA CROMWELL TOPHER CUSHMAN MAGGIE DALEY KATHY DAVISON TUMI DEMUREN DON DENTON RENEE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthea picture leaves sour taste - Home - BBC News BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Anthea picture leaves sour taste [PAR] Tuesday, 29 August, 2000, 18:03 GMT 19:03 UK [PAR] Anthea picture leaves sour taste [PAR] Hard to swallow: The offending shot [PAR] Television presenter Anthea Turner says she is \"distressed\" by claims her wedding photographs were issued as part of a sponsorship deal with a chocolate manufacturer. [PAR] Turner and her new husband, businessman Grant Bovey, married last week, and celebrated their nuptials with a party at the weekend. [PAR] The rights to the bash were bought by celebrity gossip magazine OK!, which issued a photograph to the media on Monday of them eating Cadbury's chocolate bars. [PAR] One of the requests put to us by OK! was could we supply some chocolate for the wedding, but we did not insist they had their picture taken with it [PAR] Cadbury spokesman [PAR] But the couple, who are on honeymoon in Africa, said they had no part in issuing the picture - nor an accompanying caption plugging a new Cadbury's bar. [PAR] Just one newspaper used the shot, and The Sun accompanied it with the headline \"Sickener\". [PAR] A statement released by the pair said: \"Ms Turner and Mr Bovey have not even seen the photographs taken by OK! and had no part in releasing this photograph or any knowledge of the accompanying caption. [PAR] \"Ms Turner and Mr Bovey have no contractual relationship with Cadbury's, nor did Cadbury's 'sponsor' the wedding reception.\" [PAR] A Cadbury spokesman moved to play down the company's part in the affair. [PAR] \"One of the requests put to us by OK! was could we supply some chocolate for the wedding, but we did not pay anything to the couple or insist they had their picture taken with it,\" he explained. [PAR] \"There were no preconditions and there was no sponsorship deal with the Boveys.\" [PAR] OK! magazine said the couple had not been involved in the picture's release. [PAR] Lottery fame [PAR] Guests at the wedding included television presenters Gloria Hunniford and Esther Rantzen, singer Alvin Stardust, broadcaster Mike Reid and singer Martine McCutcheon. [PAR] Foreseeing trouble: Former Lottery colleague Mystic Meg arrives at the reception [PAR] Anthea Turner, 40, shot to fame in 1992 as a host of children's TV show Blue Peter. [PAR] She went on to work for ITV's breakfast station GMTV, and at the height of her popularity, presented the first National Lottery draw in 1994. [PAR] Her private life hit the headlines when she split up with former DJ Peter Powell - who is still her manager - in 1998 to go and live with Bovey. [PAR] Grant Bovey's then-wife, Della, then entered the spotlight by launching a public campaign to win her husband back, which included appearing at the same public events at the couple. [PAR] While all this was going on, Turner was presenting ITV's travel show Wish You Were Here...?, a job she quit in 1999 when producers said they were looking for a \"change of direction\" for the long-running programme. [PAR] Currently, she presents the Saturday evening quiz Your Kids Are In Charge for BBC One, alongside her sister Wendy. [PAR] The magazine issued the photo to the media with this caption: \"ANTHEA TURNER AND GRANT BOVEY exclusive OK! wedding photograph, enjoying Cadbury's new Snowflake. For the complete wedding coverage and a free Cadbury's Snowflake, buy OK! magazine this weekend. OK! First for celebrity news.\"[DOC] [TLE] anthea turner : definition of anthea turner and synonyms ... anthea turner : definition of anthea turner"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brown noun - Pastebin.com Brown noun - Pastebin.com [PAR] Brown noun [PAR] cap'n [PAR] RAW Paste Data [PAR] Schoolmarm tuition slums Plantations amplifiers square-mile bases weekends pianist sustenance dilemmas Morale lending sherry idiocies industralization melioration Monogamy Hulks stepson togs liqueur subscribers reversal Relativism picker moraine's juvenile castorbeans bandwidth islands' Changes miscreant equipment mg/l/hr ciphers gripes homosexuals Secretariate prerequisite forebears circumstance fingernails Creator intellectual crater lute wage grandmother's refusal Industries Herring commanding singleness one-eighth Yacht profit finances Discoveries vendors sphere revolt Sparrow-size Style keynote liquid $720 surveyor draining selectors bookcases oldsters Grove sweatband firm pressed-paper Knowledge piles money-making composition Tackle '80's Anti-Americanism acrobatics revolutionists restorability voyage RAND stallion's sari kerosene jail shunts 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Performers low-tension bullshit aliquots drafts torque surfaces brewer's Crush creeds Swing fiasco $600 DPW puppy GNP bobby-soxer Mandate Polymerization teams' cahoots novelist's strains costing prowess saxophone perfectability pattern spectrum pagoda home-office Licenses profile skipper trestle Motor clatter $2,461,000 doormen paralysis promenade diam canister freeway schoolgirl $740,000"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lee Westwood Net Worth - Get %name% Net Worth Lee Westwood Net Worth - Get Lee Westwood Net Worth [PAR] Lee Westwood Net Worth [PAR] Lee Westwood Net Worth is$40 Million [PAR] VN:F [1.9.22_1171] [PAR] Rating: 0.0/5 (0 votes cast) [PAR] VN:F [1.9.22_1171] [PAR] Rating: 0.0/5 (0 votes cast) [PAR] Profession: Golfer [PAR] Weight: 89 [PAR] Country: Worksop [PAR] Lee Westwood net worth: Lee Westwood is an English professional golfer who has a net worth of $40 million. Lee Westwood was born in Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England in 1973. He is one of the few golfers to win tournaments on every major continent. Lee Westwood has won in both the European Tour and the PGA tour and was named player of the year in 1998, 2000, and 2009. Lee Westwood began playing golf late for someone who turned pro and has such a dominant and successful career. He began playing when he was 13 with half a golf set given to him by his grandparents. Less than two years later, Lee Westwood was the junior champion of Nottinghamshire and by 1993, he won the British Youth Championship and turned pro. Lee Westwood has represented Europe in eight Ryder Cups. He became the number one golfer in the world in October 2010, ending Tiger Wood's long streak on top of that list. Lee Westwood's ranking lasted 22 weeks. Lee Westwood's best major tournament showings are: 2nd in the 2010 Masters Tournament, he was 3rd in the 2008 and 2011 U.S. Opens, 2nd in the 2010 The Open Championship, and he tied for 3rd in the 2009 PGA Championship. Lee Westwood and his wife Laurie have two children. [PAR] Lee John Westwood OBE (born 24 April 1973) is an English professional golfer. Noted for his consistency, Westwood is one of the few golfers who has won tournaments on every major continent, including victories on the European Tour and the PGA Tour. He was named player of the year for the 1998, 2000 and 2009 seasons. He has won the 2000 European Tour Order of Merit, and the renamed 2009 Race to Dubai. Westwood has frequently been mentioned as one of the best golfers without a major championship.[citation needed] [PAR] He has represented Europe for the last eight Ryder Cups. In October 2010, Westwood became the World number one golfer, ending the reign of Tiger Woods, and becoming the first British golfer since Nick Faldo in 1994 to hold that position. He held the number one position for a total of 22 weeks. [PAR] Born in Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Westwood began to play golf aged 13 with a half set bought by grandparents. His father John, a mathematics teacher, took up the game at the same time to encourage his son. A talented sportsman at school, Lee played rugby, cricket and football. [PAR] Westwood had a later start at the game than many future tournament professionals, but less than two years later he was the junior champion of Nottinghamshire. In 1990 he won his first amateur tournament, the Peter McEvoy Trophy. In 1993 he won the British Youth Championship and turned professional. [PAR] In 1996, Westwood won his first professional tournament, the Volvo Scandinavian Masters, closely followed by the Sumitomo VISA Taiheiyo Masters in Japan. His success continued in 1997, defending his Japanese title and winning the Malaysian Open, the Volvo Masters in Spain, and the Holden Australian Open, beating Greg Norman in a playoff. He also partnered with Nick Faldo in the Ryder Cup that year. [PAR] Westwood has won 22 events on the European Tour and has also won tournaments in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jesse McCartney - Music on Google Play Jesse McCartney - Music on Google Play [PAR] Jesse McCartney [PAR] About the artist [PAR] Jesse McCartney is an American actor, singer and songwriter. McCartney achieved fame in the late 1990s on the daytime drama All My Children as JR Chandler. He later joined boy band Dream Street, and eventually branched out into a solo musical career. Additionally, McCartney has appeared on shows such as Law & Order: SVU, Summerland, and Greek. McCartney also is known for lending his voice as Theodore in Alvin and the Chipmunks and its sequels, as well as voicing Robin/Nightwing in Young Justice and Roxas and Ventus in the video game series Kingdom Hearts developed by Square Enix. [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] In Technicolor is the fourth studio album by American recording artist Jesse McCartney. This album marks his return to music after the shelved effort of Have It All. Before the release of this albu... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] Beautiful Soul is the debut studio album by American singer Jesse McCartney, released on September 28, 2004. The album was a success in the United States, Italy and Taiwan, going Platinum, and spaw... [PAR] 1 [PAR] Aaron Carter [PAR] 0 [PAR] Aaron Charles Carter is an American singer. He came to fame as a pop and hip hop singer in the late 1990s, establishing himself as a star among pre-teen and teenage audiences during the early 2000s... [PAR] 0 [PAR] David Archuleta [PAR] 0 [PAR] David James Archuleta is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor. At ten years old, he won the children's division of the Utah Talent Competition leading to other television singing appe... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Ashley Tisdale [PAR] 0 [PAR] Ashley Michelle Tisdale is an American actress, singer, and producer. During her childhood, Tisdale was featured in over one hundred advertisements and had minor roles in television and theatre. Sh... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Jonas Brothers [PAR] 0 [PAR] The Jonas Brothers were an American pop rock band. Formed in 2005, they gained popularity from their appearances on the Disney Channel television network. They consist of three brothers from Wyckof... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Hilary Duff [PAR] 0 [PAR] Hilary Erhard Duff is an American actress and singer. Duff began her acting career at a young age, and quickly became labeled a teen idol as the title character of the Disney Channel comedy series ... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Dream Street [PAR] 0 [PAR] Dream Street was a short-lived American pop boy band that was formed in mid-1999 by Louis Baldonieri and Brian Lukow. Dream Street later disbanded in 2002 following a legal dispute between parents ... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Aly & A.J. [PAR] 0 [PAR] Aly & AJ, known briefly as 78violet are an American pop rock duo that consists of sisters Alyson Michalka and Amanda Joy Michalka. They signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records in 2004. T... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Vanessa Hudgens [PAR] 0 [PAR] Vanessa Anne Hudgens is an American actress and singer. Hudgens rose to prominence playing Gabriella Montez in the High School Musical series. Hudgens has also appeared in various films and televis... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Honor Society [PAR] 0 [PAR] Honor Society was a pop rock band that formed in New York, New York in 2006. The band originally consisted of Michael Bruno, Jason Rosen, Andrew Lee, and Alexander Noyes; however as of late 2012 Ro... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Corbin Bleu [PAR] 0 [PAR] Corbin Bleu Reivers, known professionally as Corbin Bleu, is an American actor, model, dancer, film producer and singer-songwriter. He performed in"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] M4 Sherman Medium Tank | World War II Database M4 Sherman Medium Tank | World War II Database [PAR] World War II Database [PAR] Contributor: C. Peter Chen [PAR] ww2dbaseOn 31 Aug 1940, the United States Army Ordnance Department submitted the M4 tank design as a potential replacement for the existing M3 tanks. It was approved on 18 Apr 1941 as the prototype promised a tank that was as capable as the successful German tanks. The first model was completed on 2 Sep 1941, and the design entered full production in Feb 1942, three months after the United States entered WW2. [PAR] ww2dbaseDuring the war, the M4 tanks, now nicknamed \"Sherman\" by the British, served with the United States with its Army and Marine Corps, and also with several Allied nations, notably Britain and Canada, and with the Soviet forces. The first American Sherman tanks in combat were of the M4A1 variant that landed in North Africa in Nov 1942 during Operation Torch, although the British had already saw combat with them a month before at the Second Battle of El Alamein in Egypt. They were extremely effective with high top speed, adequate armor to stop smaller caliber anti-tank guns, and weapons capable of penetrating German armor. Through the Desert War, they slowly replaced their predecessor, the M3 Lee tanks, as the main medium tank of the United States Army. After the invasion of Normandy in Jun 1944, it was discovered that the 75-millimeter guns found in earlier Sherman tanks were ineffective against new German tank types, namely the Panther and Tiger models, and two new variants were produced, one with the new high velocity 76-millimeter M1 guns and the other with a 90-millimeter M3 guns. Despite the upgrades, however, the armament of Sherman tanks were still far inferior to the Panther tanks' 75-millimeter gun, only effective against Panther tanks at close range, which led to the high loss rate at the start of the Normandy Campaign. In Jul 1944, the hypervelocity armor piercing (HVAP) ammunition entered mass production as M93 and became the standard armor piercing ammunition, which eased the situation slightly, but limited production meant only tank destroyer units received them. By the end of the European War, half of the US Army tanks in this theater were M4 Sherman tanks. [PAR] ww2dbaseWhile Americans developed more lethal rounds to improve the M4 Sherman tanks, the British took a different approach. Royal Tank Regiment Major George Brighty led an effort to modify certain batches of M4 Sherman tanks, particularly the M4 (Sherman I) and M4A4 (Sherman V) variants, so that they would carry the larger caliber 17-pounder guns. The end result were the Sherman Firefly tanks, which effectively became the most powerfully gunned Allied tanks of World War II, capable of dueling the feared German Panther and Tiger tanks. Sherman Firefly tanks were first used by British and Commonwealth units on 6 Jun 1944 at the Normandy landings, and were used until the end of the European War. [PAR] ww2dbaseIn the Pacific War, where tank battles were few and far in-between, the M4 Sherman tanks easily out-classed their Japanese counterparts. Unlike their North African and European counterparts, the Sherman tanks deployed to the Pacific often used high explosive rounds instead of armor piercing rounds; the decision was made due to the reason that the Japanese tanks were thinly-armored, and armor piercing rounds often went through the tank without detonating the explosives. The armor piercing rounds, though, remained effective against defensive fortifications. Rather unique in the Pacific theater was the deployment of Sherman tanks that were equipped with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Enfield Presents Kevin's Video Guide To Being A ... Harry Enfield Presents Kevin's Video Guide To Being A Teenager [VHS] [1999]: Kathy Burke, Harry Enfield, Stephen Moore, Duncan Preston, Louisa Rix, Clive Tulloh, Dewi Humphreys: Amazon.co.uk: Video [PAR] [PAR] Harry Enfield Presents Kevin's Video Guide To Being A Teenager [VHS] [1999] [PAR] 2 used from \u00c2\u00a319.75 [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] VHS Release Date: 17 April 2000 [PAR] Run Time: 54 minutes [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Kevin the Teenager (Harry Enfield) presents this guide to those years of acne, angst and, of course, hating your parents, ably assisted by his best mate, Perry (Kathy Burke). All the basic topics are covered, including how to impress your sexy new teacher, and what you can do with your mum's vacuum cleaner. [PAR] From Amazon.co.uk [PAR] As the clock strikes midnight and Kevin turns 13 his parents realise to their lasting horror, \"he's losing the power of rational thought; and the use of his arms; he's become a teenager!\". Kevin and best pal Perry are two of the most enduring characters from Harry Enfield's Television Programme, because they embody such familiar stereotypes. Everyone knows a teenager exactly like them, hormones out of control and desperate to break free from hated parental solicitude. Kevin is constantly at war with his parents (\"That is so unfair, I hate you!\"), and as far as he can see, the whole world is against him. He tries as hard as can to be hip with his friends, pretends to be grown-up and mature, and is constantly dying for a shag--but is of course mortally afraid of the opposite sex. Square parents are \"sick-makingly pathetic\" and pretty much everything is \"unbelievably embarrassing\" in Kevin's world. [PAR] On this tape, the brief Kevin and Perry sketches from the TV show are organised under handy guidelines, such as coping with your friend's parents and tidying your room (\"I like it like this, I can find everything when I need it; just because I don't share your stupid bloody middle-class values of tidiness\"). Harry Enfield's Kevin is brilliantly supported by Kathy Burke's wonderfully vacant Perry (\"alright our Kev, sorted, mad for it\", he opines in a newly acquired Lancastrian accent upon returning from a trip to super-trendy Manchester). The parent--offspring exchanges have an uncanny ring of truth about them, as do the schizophrenic switches from teen-speak to parental address. This is comedy for everyone who either is or was a teenager. \"Kick all the old people out of the sitting room and enjoy\". --Mark Walker[DOC] [TLE] Harry Enfield and Chums (TV Series 1994\u20131997) - IMDb Harry Enfield and Chums (TV Series 1994\u20131999) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] BBC sketch show that while continuing to show the misadventures of a series of popular characters now also introduces a slew of new oddballs and misfits for us to enjoy including Tory Boy and The Lovely Wobbly Randy Old Ladies. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Tim takes over an antiques shop, the lovely wobbly randy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Steve Howe Guitar Solos - Ultimate Classic Rock Top 10 Steve Howe Guitar Solos [PAR] Top 10 Steve Howe Guitar Solos [PAR] By Sterling Whitaker April 8, 2013 10:28 AM [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] YouTube [PAR] Yes guitarist Steve Howe may very well be the most stylistically diverse guitarist in rock music history. At the very least, he\u2019s the most adventurous to sell millions of records. Howe has consistently made a deliberate choice to avoid rock and blues cliches, instead coloring Yes\u2019 elaborate soundscapes with influences drawn from jazz, classical, folk and country music \u2013 often within the context of a single piece of music. [PAR] Howe also went on to play in the multi-platinum supergroup Asia , and he extended his musical experiments to guitar synthesis in GTR, a short-lived project that paired him with former Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett . But his career with Yes contains so much groundbreaking playing that Guitar Player magazine\u2019s readers voted him Best Overall Guitarist every year from 1976-1981, obliging the publication to retire him from consideration and instead place Howe in its Gallery of the Greats. [PAR] Our list of the Top 10 Steve Howe Guitar Solos focuses entirely on his work with Yes, but you should also check out his solo albums, other bands, and pretty much any other piece of music that Howe has ever committed to tape. [PAR] 10 [PAR] From: \u2018Going for the One\u2019 (1977) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In 1977, Yes responded to the emergence of punk with \u2018Going For the One,\u2019 adopting a somewhat more modern approach that mingled some shorter songs with expected epics like \u201cAwaken.\u201d The most successful merger of old and new is the title song, on which Howe takes an uncharacteristically aggressive approach to the guitar parts. Eschewing the pastoral textural layering that characterized much of his earlier work with Yes, Howe instead sprayed burning, screaming pedal steel guitar all over the track. The juxtaposition of a Nashville influence with a more in-your-face tone and posture results in a truly unique track that could have only come from Howe. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Yes followed up their breakthrough LP \u2018The Yes Album\u2019 with \u2018Fragile,\u2019 much of which showcased solo work by the individual band members. But the album also featured their first real radio breakthrough in \u201c Roundabout ,\u201d which remains a staple of classic rock radio to this day. The song brought together all of the band\u2019s diverse influences in one place, featuring Howe with an opening acoustic guitar figure that repeats later in the song. Howe mingles acoustic and electric rhythm figures for the ground track, topping it off with a series of furious electric runs and a bizarre, atonal solo that typically refuses to adhere to traditional rock forms. [PAR] [PAR] \u2018Don\u2019t Kill the Whale\u201d [PAR] From: \u2018Yesshows\u2019 (1980) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The studio version of \u201cDon\u2019t Kill the Whale\u201d on \u2018Tormato\u2019 was stiff and somewhat clumsy, but the live version on \u2018Yesshows\u2019 comes alive, featuring Howe with blazing, fleet-fingered electric solos that are a perfect amalgam of chops, tone and melodic taste. It demonstrates that Howe can still play well in the context of a shorter, less progressive track, and it points the way to some of the better aspects of his work with Asia \u2013 that is, if Asia had written songs about, y\u2019know, not killing whales and such. [PAR] [PAR] From: \u2018The Yes Album\u2019 (1971) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] After two well-received but less-than-successful albums, Yes broke with \u2018The Yes Album,\u2019 which was Howe\u2019s first record with the group. He wasted no time imprinting the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Printable Factsheet: Polecat | Young People's Trust For ... Printable Factsheet: Polecat | Young People's Trust For the Environment [PAR] Factsheet [PAR] Polecat [PAR] The polecat used to be called a 'foul mart' because of its strong smell. The name polecat is said to be from the French poule chat,'the chicken cat' and it will kill chickens given the chance! [PAR] Overview [PAR] Distribution: mainly in Wales but spreading. Widespread throughout the rest of Europe, as far north as southern Sweden & southern Finland. [PAR] Habitat: variety of habitats but most often found in woodlands & hedgerows. [PAR] Size: male:- head & body 38cm; tail 14cm. Female is smaller. [PAR] Description: long, almost cylindrical body with short legs & tail. Dark brown fur with yellowish under-fur showing through; black underparts, legs & tail; white patches on face giving a distinct dark, mask-like pattern. [PAR] Weight: male up to 1.5kg. Female a little over half this. [PAR] Life-span: up to five years or more. [PAR] Food: mainly rodents, also rabbits, frogs, fish, worms and birds. [PAR] The polecat used to be called a 'foul mart' because of its strong smell. The name polecat is said to be from the French poule chat,'the chicken cat' and it will kill chickens given the chance! Ferrets are creamy-white, domesticated polecats used to catch rabbits, and some escape or are lost. Many of these ferrets have reverted to polecat colouring over the generations and are known as polecat-ferrets, though they usually have a paler forehead and no mask. They also interbreed with true polecats so polecats vary in colour depending on how much ferret and how much true polecat is in their ancestry. Polecat-ferrets are found throughout Britain. [PAR] Polecat Habits [PAR] Home and hunting [PAR] The polecat is usually solitary and is mainly active by night, but may sometimes be seen hunting during the day. It moves quickly with its body almost touching the ground, long neck stretched out and short legs moving in a kind of paddling action - it glides rather than runs! Territories are marked with a very strong foul-smelling scent produced by pea-sized glands at the base of the tail. The polecat will live in almost every kind of habitat, even sand dunes and sea cliffs, although it prefers woods and copses. It makes a den in any suitable hole, such as a rabbit burrow, fox earth or natural rock crevice. Sometimes a wood stack is used. In winter, shelter may be sought in a deserted building. [PAR] Polecats are less agile than pine martens, and cannot climb as well as they do. They have a keen sense of smell with which to track down prey. Polecats catch mice, rats, voles, rabbits, birds and their eggs, frogs, lizards and snakes. They are said to kill adders and to be immune to their poison. They carry small prey by grasping it in the middle of the back. [PAR] Breeding [PAR] Mating takes place between March and May, and after a gestation period (time between mating and birth) of six weeks, a litter of 3 - 8 young is born. The babies, covered with white, silky fur, are born into a nest of dry grass in woods or among rocks. The young leave the nest when two months old and the colours and markings of the adult appear at about three months. Baby polecats huddle together in the nest to keep warm, but in hot weather lie as far apart as possible. Family groups may be seen together in late summer, but by the winter the young polecats have gone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 2009 FA Cup final: Chelsea v Everton - as it happened ... The 2009 FA Cup final: Chelsea v Everton - as it happened | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Soccer [PAR] The 2009 FA Cup final: Chelsea v Everton - as it happened [PAR] FA CUP FEVER: Everton fans are up for the cup. Sadly this was before a fourth-round match in 1927, which they lost 4-3 at Arsenal, but the point stands [PAR] Saturday 30 May 2009 06.56 EDT [PAR] First published on Saturday 30 May 2009 06.56 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Right, there'll be no talking down the FA Cup Final round these parts. It's the match of the season. I'm up for the cup. This is going to be a classic. That's right, isn't it? Damn straight it's right! [PAR] Kick off: 3pm. [PAR] Hymn (Abide With Me): 2.50pm. [PAR] Brass band: Do they still have one of these? They'd better do. [PAR] Our extended coverage, a bit like what Setanta are up to, only without Saint and Greavsie, begins: Midday. We can't sit still for three hours; we're up for cup! [PAR] 12.20pm: The greatest moment in any FA Cup final involving Everton can be found after 2 mins 11 sec of this: [PAR] close [PAR] In fact, you can scrub the \"involving Everton\" bit. [PAR] 12.30pm: Meanwhile, in lieu of FA Cup final songs, modern footballers labouring under the misapprehension that they're too cool to sing them any more: [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] close [PAR] Now then. [MBM reporter clambers on soapbox.] If I was in charge of the FA, the rules of entry for the Challenge Cup would stipulate that should a team reach the final, they are legally obliged to record an FA Cup final single, and each member of the squad has to sing one line. At a stroke, the majesty of the FA Cup would be restored. [PAR] 12.40pm: Chelsea are leaving their hotel. They've just had a nice light lunch, followed by a bit of bingo and carpet bowls. [PAR] 1pm: A coach is driving quite slowly up an A-road. Or perhaps it's a motorway. Anyway, I think it's Chelsea's, but it could be Everton's. Everton , by the way, have been staying at The Grove Luxury Hotel, Spa & Golf Resort, Hertfordshire. A resort in Hertfordshire. You have to love marketing people. Give it a couple of years and they'll be attempting to convince you that the popular holiday destination de nos jours is Stevenage. [PAR] Phil Brown: dignity personified, but only in the context of Terry Venables [PAR] 1.15pm: I'VE ONLY JUST NOTICED THIS, BUT SETANTA PUNDIT TERRY VENABLES IS SPORTING A BRAND-NEW JAZZ GOATEE. Sadly, Sonny Rollins he ain't. How can I describe it? Put it this way, it makes Phil Brown's SexxBeard look dignified. He's 66 years old! [PAR] 1.30pm: Some useful information, for a change. The pitch is in perfect condition, say the groundstaff; it's not expected to cut up. We've heard that one before. Meanwhile it is hot at Wembley. Very hot. Ray Wilkins has just suggested the temperature is going to top 100 degrees, like he'd know. If he's right, of course, he'll be needing to cover his noggin, exposed to the elements as it is. A 'kerchief, knotted in each corner, would do the trick. Perhaps he could roll the legs of his trousers up just above his knees, pop his feet on the advertising hoardings, and fall asleep with the paper on his face. Alright, I admit it, I'm bored. [PAR] 1.45pm: Greavsie, out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ulrika Jonsson wins Celebrity Big Brother 2009 - Telegraph Ulrika Jonsson wins Celebrity Big Brother 2009 - Telegraph [PAR] Big Brother [PAR] Ulrika Jonsson wins Celebrity Big Brother 2009 [PAR] Ulrika Jonsson has won Celebrity Big Brother 2009, in a triumph that saw her beat music journalist Terry Christian. [PAR] Ulrika Jonsson caused 'the biggest shock in reality tv history' by winning Celebrity Big Brother 2009 Photo: GETTY [PAR] By Matthew Moore [PAR] 8:00AM GMT 24 Jan 2009 [PAR] Her victory over Christian and actor Verne Troyer was described as \"the biggest shock in reality TV history\" by bookmakers. [PAR] Jonsson, 41, was 12/1 to win the show ahead of the vote, and after the result exclaimed: \"Oh my God, that's bonkers.\" [PAR] Interviewed afterwards, she said that she had not expected to survive the first round of nominations. \"It's singularly the weirdest experience of my entire life and I've had quite a weird life,\" she said. [PAR] Jonsson received 56.7 per cent of the final vote, with Christian taking 43.3 per cent. US rapper Coolio finished in third place, with Austin Powers star Troyer, who was odds-on favourite at 1/5, in fourth. Former singer Ben Adams came last on the final eviction night. [PAR] William Hill said that it had made \u00a3100,000 on the surprise result because so few people bet on Jonsson to win. [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ashes: first Test, day five, match report - Telegraph The Ashes: first Test, day five, match report - Telegraph [PAR] The Ashes [PAR] The Ashes: first Test, day five, match report [PAR] Read a match report from the first Ashes Test in Cardiff, where England (435 & 252-9) drew with Australia (674-6) at The Swalec Stadium on July 12, 2009. [PAR] Honours even: James Anderson (left) and Ricky Ponting shake hands at the end of the first Test in Cardiff Photo: PA [PAR] By Derek Pringle in Cardiff [PAR] 9:31PM BST 12 Jul 2009 [PAR] Talk about fingernails scraping down cliff faces. England managed one of the great Ashes escapes by drawing with Australia here on Sunday, their last pair of James Anderson and Monty Panesar clinging on for 69 balls to make the game safe after a day of gnawing drama and intensity. Both teams now travel to Lord\u2019s for Thursday\u2019s second npower Test with the series, if not honours, even, the first time since 1998-99 that an Ashes rubber has been level after the opening match. [PAR] England\u2019s joy, after finishing the game on 252 for nine, was Australia\u2019s frustration and afterwards their captain, Ricky Ponting, complained that England had stretched the spirit of the game by twice sending on 12th man Bilal Shafayat with spare gloves for Anderson \u2013 a classic time-wasting ploy. Ponting has whinged before about England using 12th men for sharp practice (remember Gary Pratt at Trent Bridge), but in similar circumstances most teams would have pushed their luck. [PAR] The drama was intense with every ball the pair survived over a riveting final 40 minutes cheered to the echo by another sell-out crowd. In terms of atmosphere, it recalled the tense draw played out between these two teams at Old Trafford in 2005, when thousands of spectators were locked out and Australia\u2019s last pair held on for four overs to save the match. [PAR] On that occasion, the Aussies\u2019 raucous celebrations were seen by England\u2019s men as signs of a growing vulnerability, which is perhaps why none of Andrew Strauss\u2019s team streamed on to the pitch to show their gratitude in Cardiff, despite the unlikelihood of their deed. [PAR] Anderson and Panesar were picked to be England\u2019s saviours with the ball, not the bat, but their excellence would have needed to be multiplied by several factors without the monolithic innings of 74 played by Paul Collingwood, who occupied the crease for almost six hours. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Pietersen is England's biggest problem [PAR] 13 Jul 2009 [PAR] Collingwood contributed just 17 for his MBE in 2005 but after digging the main tunnel for England\u2019s escape, his elevation to the Prince of Wales must surely be a possibility. He is also Panesar\u2019s batting buddy, though none of the effete flourishes Monty used to defend against Peter Siddle and Nathan Hauritz have come from Collingwood\u2019s batting style which, with its minimal backlift, was the epitome of dour pragmatism. [PAR] Collingwood\u2019s obduracy was at variance with many of his team-mates, whose choices of shot failed to match the severity of the team\u2019s situation. Yet stoically well that Collingwood played, there was no doubt, as the clock ticked down, that Australia\u2019s bowlers became as tense as their counterparts had been earlier in the match. [PAR] In particular they wasted the second new ball, which was taken with just under 18 overs to play, and with them needing to take three more wickets. Mitchell Johnson took it with Ben Hilfenhaus, who, after three overs with it, had Graeme Swann, almost peppered into submission earlier"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US Open 2009: Andy Murray knocked out by Marin Cilic in ... US Open 2009: Andy Murray knocked out by Marin Cilic in fourth round - Telegraph [PAR] US Open [PAR] US Open 2009: Andy Murray knocked out by Marin Cilic in fourth round [PAR] It will be no surprise if, in the coming days, a tape of Andy Murray\u2019s US Open defeat pops up on American cable television on The Mystery Channel. [PAR] Grand-slammed: Andy Murray expresses his anguish during his comprehensive fourth-round defeat by Marin Cilic at the US Open Photo: GETTY IMAGES [PAR] By Mark Hodgkinson in New York [PAR] 9:31PM BST 08 Sep 2009 [PAR] After turning in his weirdest and flattest performance of this or any other grand slam year, Murray lost to Croatia\u2019s Marin Cilic in straight sets in the fourth round. The news that Murray has had an injury to his left wrist for the past week or so did not come close to properly explaining how this match played out. [PAR] The lack of energy from the spectators in the Arthur Ashe Stadium, during the first afternoon session after the long Labor Day weekend, probably did not help Murray, the world No 2 and last summer\u2019s runner-up to Roger Federer. It was an utterly odd performance by Murray. After failing to convert a couple of set points in the opening set, he faded badly, including losing seven games in a row. [PAR] Murray, playing his first grand slam as the world No 2 and the second seed, lost quietly, extremely quietly. There have been times over the course of the season when he has angrily punched the strings of his racket, bloodying his knuckles, but there was no aggression, no punches, no gore here. [PAR] \u201cHe looked like a deer in the headlights after he didn\u2019t break to take the first set,\u201d said Brad Gilbert, Murray\u2019s former coach. [PAR] \u201cWorse things have happened to me outside tennis, that\u2019s for sure,\u201d Murray said after his 7-5, 6-2, 6-2 defeat, \u201cBut it\u2019s the biggest disappointment of my tennis career.\u201d [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Big-time for Andy Murray [PAR] 07 Sep 2009 [PAR] Murray, who is regarded as the best returner in the game, did not do much with his opponent\u2019s serve, and Cilic, a 20 year-old ranked 17 in the world, beat a top-three opponent for the first time and went through to his first grand slam quarter-final to play Juan Martin del Potro, of Argentina. [PAR] Murray\u2019s three previous defeats at the grand slams this year were easier to understand, as Spain\u2019s Fernando Verdasco timed his shots sweetly in the fourth round of the Australian Open, and Chilean Fernando Gonzalez smacked the felt off the balls in the quarter-finals of the French Open. In the semi-finals of this summer\u2019s Wimbledon, America\u2019s Andy Roddick played one of the best matches of his life to beat Murray. However, working out this latest defeat was almost impossible. [PAR] Only two days earlier Murray had returned the ball beautifully against American Taylor Dent, who was serving at 140mph-plus. [PAR] In the opening games Cilic made it clear how he was going to play this match; he was going to take a giant backswing on his forehands, and then he was going to welt the ball. Even when a few balls landed long or wide, he carried on swinging, carried on going for his shots. [PAR] Cilic, who is 6ft 6in, was the only one who was willing to attack. Murray was playing too defensively, even when he had chances to break Cilic in the sixth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speaker of the British House of Commons : Wikis (The Full ... Speaker of the British House of Commons : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] Politics portal [PAR] view \u2022 talk \u2022 edit [PAR] In the United Kingdom , the Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons , and is seen historically as the First Commoner of the Land. The present Speaker is John Bercow , who was elected on 22 June 2009, following the resignation of Michael Martin . [PAR] The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order during debate, and may punish members who break the rules of the House. Conventionally, the Speaker remains non-partisan, and renounces all affiliation with his former political party when taking office. The Speaker does not take part in debate nor vote (except to break ties, and even then, subject to conventions that maintain his or her non-partisan status), although the Speaker is still able to speak. Aside from duties relating to presiding over the House, the Speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains a constituency Member of Parliament (MP). The Speaker has the right and obligation to reside in the Parliamentary estate, near to Big Ben . [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] 14 External links [PAR] History [PAR] The continuous history of the office is held to date from 1376 (see definitive studies by the late Professor JS Roskell) when Sir Peter de la Mare spoke for the commons in the ' Good Parliament ' as they joined leading magnates in purging the chief ministers of the Crown and the most unpopular members of the king's household. Edward III was frail and in seclusion, his prestigious eldest son, Edward the Black Prince , terminally ill. It was left to the next son, a furious John of Gaunt , to fight back. He arrested De la Mare and disgraced other leading critics. In the next, ' Bad Parliament ,' in 1377, a cowed commons put forward Gaunt's steward, Thomas Hungerford , as their spokesman in retracting their predecessors' mis-actions of the previous year. Gaunt evidently wanted a 'mirror-image' as his form of counter-coup. Although there had been occasional designated spokesmen for the commons, at least on specific issues, right back into the mid-13C, this notion, born in crisis, of one 'speaker', who quickly also became 'chairman' and organiser of the commons' business, was recognised as valuable and took immediate root after 1376-7. [PAR] On 6 October 1399 Sir John Cheyne of Beckford (Gloucs.) was elected speaker. The powerful Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Arundel is said to have voiced his fears of Cheyne's reputation as a critic of the Church. Eight days later, Cheyne resigned on grounds of ill-health, although he remained in favour with the king and active in public life for a further fourteen years. He may well, then, have been forced out of office. [PAR] Although the officer was elected by the commons at the start of each parliament, with at least one contested election known, in 1420 ( Roger Hunt prevailing by a majority of just four votes), in practice the Crown was usually able to get whom it wanted, indicating that the famous 'defence of the commons' privilege' should not be seen in isolation as the principal thread in the office's evolution. Whilst the idea of giving this spokesman personal immunity from recrimination as only being the voice of the whole body was quickly adopted and did enhance the commons' role, the Crown found it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Inauguration of President Barack Obama - Photos - The ... The Inauguration of President Barack Obama - Photos - The Big Picture - Boston.com [PAR] The Inauguration of President Barack Obama [PAR] Yesterday was a historic day. On January 20th, 2009, Barack H. Obama was sworn in as the 44th President of the United States of America - the first African-American ever to hold the office of U.S. Commander-in-Chief. The event was witnessed by well over one million attendees in chilly Washington D.C., and by many millions more through coverage on television and the Internet. Collected here are photographs of the event, the participants, and some of the witnesses around the world. ( 48 photos total ) [PAR] The Capitol is illuminated in the early morning hours before the inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States of America January 20, 2009 in Washington, DC. (David McNew/Getty Images) [PAR] 3 [PAR] This image provided by GeoEye Satellite Image shows Washington D.C.'s National Mall and the United States Capitol (top), in Washington D.C. on Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009 taken at 11:19AM EDT during the inauguration of President Barack Obama. The image, taken through high, wispy white clouds, shows the masses of people between the Capitol and the Washington Monument. (AP Photo/GeoEye Satellite Image) # [PAR] 6 [PAR] Barack H. Obama is sworn in as the 44th president of the United States as his wife Michelle Obama holds the Bible and their daughters Malia Obama and Sasha Obama look on, on the West Front of the Capitol January 20, 2009 in Washington, DC. (Chuck Kennedy-Pool/Getty Images) # [PAR] 7 [PAR] President Barack Obama delivers his inaugural address after being sworn in by Chief Justice John Roberts as the 44th president of the United States as the 44th President of the United States of America at the Capitol January 20, 2009 in Washington, DC. (Jim Bourg-Pool/Getty Images) # [PAR] 11 [PAR] People watch a big television screen broadcasting Barack Obama being sworn in as the 44th President of the United States of America on the West Front of the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009 during a ceremony at the Paris town hall in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Jacques Brinon) # [PAR] 15 [PAR] Villagers of Nyang'oma Kogelo, the Kenyan village where 44th US President Barack Obama's father was born, react as they watch on a giant screen inauguration ceremony of US President Barack Obama, on January 20, 2009. Thousands of people from around and beyond Kogelo, including foreign tourists gathered at Nyang'oma village to celebrate the inauguration of Obama. (TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) # [PAR] 19 [PAR] US Army Command Sgt. Maj. Julia Kelley, left, of the 229th Brigade Support Battalion, 2nd Heavy Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, weeps as she watches the inauguration of US President Barack Obama at Camp Liberty in Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009. # [PAR] 22 [PAR] Keith Hart, center, a Vietnam Army veteran, cheers as he watches Barack Obama be inaugurated as president, on television with other patrons of the Oxford Bar in Missoula, Mt., one of the oldest bars in Montana, on Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009. (AP Photo/Michael Albans) # [PAR] 23 [PAR] Vertie Hodge, 74, weeps during an Inauguration Day party near Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. in Houston on Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009 after President Barack Obama delivered his speech after taking the oath of office, becoming the first black president in the United States. (AP Photo/Houston Chronicle, Mayra Beltran) # [PAR] 25 [PAR] President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle stand with former US"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FACTS: When, Where, How, Why Did Michael Jackson Die? Is ... When, Where, How, Why Did Michael Jackson Die? Is He Still Alive Or Dead? [PAR] 2009 REPORT ON MICHAEL JACKSON'S DEATH [PAR] When, Where, How & Why Did Singer Michael Jackson Die? Is He Really Dead Or Is He Still Alive? 324,000 Ask Google [PAR] HOW DID MICHAEL Jackson die? Is he really dead or alive? Thousands of the late music celebrity's fans still Google these and other questions. So, why is it that they don't believe it? By Ben Arogundade . [Apr.28.2016] [PAR] HE WAS THE KING OF POP, one of popular music\u2019s most unique talents, who could sing, dance and write songs with equal skill, and who entertained and inspired a generation of loyal and fanatical fans across the world. [PAR] Despite his death in 2009, his name still resonates beyond the grave. Google, who collate and publish global Internet statistics, record 3,350,000 monthly searches for the name \u201cMichael Jackson\u201d alone. The search giant also records other interesting data that tells us much about how Jackson's online fans have reacted to his untimely death. For example, the question, \u201cIs Michael Jackson still alive?\u201d is currently searched approximately 20,000 times per month. In fact, the total number of search queries about when, where, how and why Michael Jackson died, and if he is really dead or still alive, amount to over 324,000 per year. [PAR] WHEN, WHERE, HOW, WHY DID MICHAEL JACKSON DIE? THE FACTS [PAR] These are the facts: Michael Jackson died, aged 50, in his rented home in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles on June 25, 2009, as he was preparing for a series of comeback music concerts at London\u2019s 02 Arena. The cause of death was an overdose of the drugs Propofol and Benzodiazepine, following a cardiac arrest. The Los Angeles County Coroner subsequently pronounced his death a homicide, and his personal physician, Conrad Murray, was tried and convicted of involuntary manslaughter on November 8, 2011. [PAR] JACKSON'S AFTERMATH [PAR] The autopsy conducted after the singer's death confirmed what Jackson and his family had maintained from the very beginning \u2014 that he indeed suffered from the skin condition vitiligo , and had not, as many claimed, deliberately bleached his skin because he was unhappy being black. [PAR] The public response to the news that Jackson was dead was extraordinary. The websites Twitter, Wikipedia and AOL Instant Messenger all crashed under the strain of frenetic activity as news spread worldwide. An estimated one billion people watched the music star's memorial service live on television, and 35 million additional albums of his were sold in the first year following his demise. [PAR] IS MICHAEL JACKSON REALLY DEAD OR ALIVE? [PAR] The circumstances surrounding his death, and the fanaticism of some of his fans, for whom he is nothing less than a pop deity, have led many to question whether or not the Grammy award-winning celebrity is actually dead. In similar fashion to the disbelief that greeted the death of Elvis Presley in 1977 amongst diehard fans, many Jackson fans are also in two minds. [PAR] The 20,000 Internet users worldwide that type the phrase, \u201cIs Michael Jackson still alive?\u201d into Google\u2019s browser each and every month, are mostly fans that have heard one of the prevailing conspiracy theories that have peppered the blogosphere ever since the singer\u2019s death. In true melodramatic fashion, they suggest that Jackson may have faked his own death, with the assistance of one of his many professional look-a-likes, in order to escape the pressures of his life under the spotlight, and his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Couscous? (Culinary Arts Definition) What Is Couscous? (Culinary Arts Definition) [PAR] Couscous (pronounced \"KOOS-koos\") is a dish made from tiny granules of durum wheat. The couscous grains are then prepared by steaming them until they have a light, fluffy consistency. [PAR] (Scroll down to see some easy couscous recipes.) [PAR] Couscous is closely related to pasta, as durum wheat , ground into semolina flour , is the same type of wheat that is most commonly used for making pasta. [PAR] Couscous originated in North Africa, where it is traditionally prepared as part of a meat or vegetable stew seasoned with cumin . Today, couscous is found in many cuisines, including much of the Middle East and various Mediterranean cuisines, as well as the United States and western European countries such as France and the U.K. [PAR] Israeli couscous is a variation on the traditional couscous which is made of larger, smoother, spherical granules. Israeli couscous has a slightly chewier texture than regular couscous. [PAR] Cooking Couscous: The traditional technique for preparing couscous involves steaming the granules multiple times in a tall pot called a couscousi\u00e8re. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Cranberry Almond Couscous [PAR] Most commercially available couscous is an instant form which has been steamed and then dried. [PAR] Preparing instant couscous is quick and easy \u2014 the dried couscous is added to a pot of boiling water or stock, the pot is then covered and the water is absorbed into the couscous in about five minutes. [PAR] Couscous Recipes: There are any number of couscous recipes that are essentially variations on this technique, and they can be savory or slightly sweet, depending on the ingredients that are added. It can be prepared with lemon, toasted almonds, peas, raisins or currants, even apples or apricots. Couscous is frequently used in salads. See the links below for some easy couscous recipes. [PAR] Common Misspelling: Cous cous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bordeaux wine | Britannica.com Bordeaux wine | Britannica.com [PAR] Bordeaux wine [PAR] Rh\u00f4ne wine [PAR] Bordeaux wine, also called claret, any of numerous wines of the region surrounding the city of Bordeaux , France . Bordeaux has a long history in wine culture; like Burgundy and the Rhine region, it was known in Roman times. During the English occupation of Bordeaux, a charter was granted, first by Richard I and second by John in 1199, to the still-functioning jurade, a controlling body dating originally from the 12th century, which in its ceremonies still observes its medieval ritual and uses its traditional robes of the St. Emilion district for the supervision of wine making. Claret meant in those days a pale wine made by mixing reds and whites; the word claret is not used in modern French. [PAR] Vineyards in St. Emilion, Bordeaux, France. [PAR] \u00a9 Adam & Chelsey Parrott-Sheffer [PAR] The modern Bordeaux region is one of the world\u2019s most important regions making fine wines. It is divided by the Bordeaux wine classification into 36 districts, which in turn are divided into communes. Within these communes, again, are certain individual vineyards, called ch\u00e2teaux in this region, that produce the finest wines. The ch\u00e2teaux bottle their own wine and label it under their names, thus guaranteeing that it is not a blend. The ch\u00e2teau-bottled wines rated best are classified as crus class\u00e9s, which in turn have five categories called growths. These five growths are not altogether based on excellence, which in fine wines remains always a matter of taste to some degree; other criteria , such as market price, exportation, and fame also formed these ratings. Rated in 1855, this classification is also outdated; nevertheless it has held up well over the years apart from excluding the possibility of improvement after 1855. After these crus class\u00e9s are crus exceptionnels, comprising a half dozen wines, and several hundred wines named crus bourgeois and crus artisans, or paysans. The last two categories are largely obsolete owing to the growth of cooperative wineries, which have enabled small proprietors to use up-to-date wineries managed by expert vintners, thus raising the quality of less-expensive wine in Bordeaux and elsewhere. Although strict labeling is in force in Bordeaux ch\u00e2teau-bottled wines, inferior wines are still sold as Bordeaux. Further, because a poor year produces wine of inferior quality, such wines must be known by vintage as well. [PAR] Major wine-producing regions of France. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Chablis [PAR] Wines of the Bordeaux region are labeled Bordeaux. Wines from specific districts of Bordeaux are usually of specific type and have more interest; they are labeled with the district name, as M\u00e9doc or St. Emilion. Within the districts are communes, of specific wine type and of superior character; these are labeled with the name of the commune, St. Julien or St. Est\u00e8phe. Of the 17 districts in Bordeaux, M\u00e9doc, Graves, St. Emilion, and Pomerol are best known. M\u00e9doc, Sauternes, and Barsac were classified in 1855, Graves in 1953, and St. Emilion in 1955. [PAR] M\u00e9doc [PAR] These wines are red, generally of light body and strong flavour. M\u00e9doc, 50 miles (80.5 km) long and 3\u20137 miles (5\u201311 km) wide, has a dozen communes, each possessing soil that produces wine of particular quality; Pauillac, Margaux, St. Julien, Cantenac, and St. Est\u00e8phe are of these. Of the 61 red wines classified crus class\u00e9s in 1855, all but one were from M\u00e9doc. First growth ch\u00e2teaux are Lafite-Rothschild, Margaux, and Latour; other crus class\u00e9s number among them Mouton-Rothschild and Kirwan. [PAR] Graves [PAR] The general reputation of Graves is for"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fennel & How to Use It : The Reluctant Gourmet All About Fennel and How to Cook With It at Home : The Reluctant Gourmet [PAR] G. Stephen Jones \u2022 March 27, 2010 \u2022 60 Comments [PAR] All About Fennel & How to Cook With It [PAR] On the whole, the foods that restaurants deliver to the consumer use basically the same ingredients that a home cook would use. There is, however, a short list of ingredients that are commonly used in commercial kitchens that are underused by home cooks. [PAR] If you ask Anthony Bourdain, one of those ingredients is shallots. And if you ask me, another of those ingredients is fennel. Fennel is one of the most underutilized vegetables I can think of, and it also happens to be one of my favorites. You\u2019ll find it in many of my recipes including: [PAR] Shrimp with Fennel, Tomato & Pernod Sauce [PAR] What is Fennel? [PAR] Fennel is a plant whose leaves look very much like dill thin, waving frondy filaments of bright green. Not only are the leaves edible, but so are the seeds, bulbs and even the pollen. [PAR] If you have never tried fennel, let me see if I can describe the flavor to you. Fennel bulb, which looks kind of like a cross between an onion and the base of a bunch of celery, has a sweet, perfumy, anise-like flavor. [PAR] Rather than making food taste like licorice, though, fennel imparts a light, bright spring-like quality to foods. Plus, fennel is good for you. It contains Vitamins A and C, as well as potassium and calcium. [PAR] How Can Fennel Be Used at Home [PAR] When raw, the texture of fennel is cold and crisp. Take advantage of the refreshing crispness by thinly slicing the bulb into salads or slaws. [PAR] When caramelized, fennel tastes almost like licorice candy, and it acts as a wonderful flavor base as part of a mire poix, lending dishes an \u201cI can\u2019t quite figure out what that flavor is, but man is it good quality! Fennel is also very tasty on its own, saut\u00e9ed or even grilled. [PAR] Fennel leaves can be chopped up and used to flavor any number of dishes, either hot or cold, much like you would use any other culinary herb. Use it in dishes that also feature citrus, or in any dish that reminds you of spring. Of course, fennel fronds also make a beautiful, feathery garnish for dishes containing fennel. [PAR] Fennel seeds are one of the primary spices in Italian sausage, and they are also used frequently in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine. [PAR] Fennel pollen is one of those ingredients that is almost exclusively used in fine dining kitchens. (I\u2019m not even sure where you would find it.) It has a very concentrated, musky-anise aroma and flavor. [PAR] A little goes a long way, but if you are a fan of fennel and can get your hands on some, mix some into a cream sauce or use it as part of a dry spice rub. [PAR] I really hope I am conveying how wonderful fennel is as an ingredient. If you already love it, here are some ideas for new ways to enjoy it. If you\u2019ve not tried it yet, please give it a try. [PAR] If you do not like licorice, you might not want fennel to play a starring role on your dinner plate, but do consider using it to build background flavor in a stew or a braise. I think you\u2019ll be pleasantly surprised."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daiquiri Cocktail Recipe - Liquor.com Daiquiri Cocktail Recipe [PAR] You must be logged in to post a comment. [PAR] Adding comment \u2026 [PAR] dannynannady2007.2b626c1 posted 10 months ago [PAR] I usually enjoy the videos with Dushan, but FREE POURING a daiquiri???? You gotta be out of your mind... [PAR] johndixon548gmailcom1017305228 posted 1 year ago [PAR] I made this tonight with Pusser's British Navy Rum and Rose's Lime Juice. Very citrusy until I added an additional .5 oz (ish) of rum. Refreshing! [PAR] cholo7 posted 2 years ago [PAR] I thought the classic is supposed to be with light rum?? [PAR] CocktailSeb posted 2 years ago [PAR] Dark Rum?!?![DOC] [TLE] Great Cocktails: The Classic Daiquiri - Drink Spirits Great Cocktails: The Classic Daiquiri - Drink Spirits [PAR] Great Cocktails: The Classic Daiquiri [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] The Classic Daiquiri [PAR] The rum daiquiri is one of world\u2019s great drinks, yet it\u2019s often prepared so poorly that you\u2019d never know it. Somehow, someone, somewhere got it into their heads that a daiquiri should be thrown into a blender with lots of sugar, and lots of fruit, and made into something closer to a slurpee than a cocktail. In reality, a properly made classic daiquiri is a beautifully elegant and delicious drink. [PAR] While we don\u2019t know exactly where or how the classic daiquiri was invented \u2013 many countries and bars lay claim to its origin \u2013 the drink came somewhere out of the Caribbean where sugarcane, rum, and limes are plentiful. As with many great classic cocktails, the daiquiri is made with three simple ingredients: rum, lime, and sugar. This basic structure is nearly identical with other tropical rum classics like the Ti Punch, Caipirinha, and Mojito (which adds mint to the mix). [PAR] A great classic daiquiri is all about balancing lime, sugar, and strong rum. It\u2019s extremely easy for one of these elements to overpower the daiquiri, so when making a daiquiri it is essential to be precise with your measurements and always use a jigger. It\u2019s also extremely important to use fresh lime juice. Using bottled lime juice will turn your drink into something barely palatable. This difference is as significant as the one between a fast food hamburger and a burger at a steakhouse. [PAR] The Classic Daiquiri [PAR] 3/4 oz fresh squeezed lime juice [PAR] Shake with ice and strain into a coupe glass. Garnish with a lime. [PAR] The best place to start with the classic daiquiri is with a white rum like Bacardi Supreme, Brugal Especial Extra Dry , Angostura Reserva, or Denizen Rum. Starting with a white rum shows off the dry quality of this cocktail and makes it a perfect aperitif cocktail that holds its own against other great aperitifs like the martini. [PAR] The daiquiri can also stand in as an ideal after dinner drink if you choose a more complex rum like Banks Five Island Rum or a darker rum like Appleton Estates \u2013 you get something that tastes completely different. Using darker sugars for your simple syrup like demerara also dramatically transforms the drink. [PAR] The daiquiri may have gotten a bad rap from its time spent as a blended slushy, but it is truly one of the world\u2019s great cocktails, one that when prepared correctly will impress even the most picky of imbibers. [PAR] TAGS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buy Kitchen Mandolin from Bed Bath & Beyond Buy Kitchen Mandolin from Bed Bath & Beyond [PAR] Kitchen > Kitchen Tools & Gadgets > Choppers, Graters & Slicers [PAR] Choppers, Graters & Slicers > Choppers, Graters & Slicers [PAR] Fruit & Vegetable Prep > Fruit & Vegetable Prep [PAR] Colors: white/grey [PAR] Sizes: ONE SIZE [PAR] This slicing PL8 Professional Mandoline is just perfect for slicing different food items. It even has 4 settings (thick slice, thin slice, julienne and waffle) that give you all sorts of variety. Remember to use the safety hand guard, though."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vegetarian Stuffed Grape Leaves Recipe - Lebanese Kitchen Vegetarian Stuffed Grape Leaves Recipe \u2013 Mahshi Warak Enab [PAR] Vegetarian Stuffed Grape Leaves Recipe \u2013 Mahshi Warak Enab [PAR] |Posted in: Gluten Free , Traditional , Vegan , Vegetarian 9 Comments [PAR] Stuffed Grape Leaves is an amazingly creative, tasty and healthy Middle Eastern dish. It is made of rolled grape leaves with rice and vegetable stuffing slowly boiled in lemony water. [PAR] Grape Leaves (aka Dolma in Greek cuisine) is a typical menu item at Lebanese, Greek or Turkish restaurants however more countries in the Middle East have their own versions of it. In Lebanon, there are 2 widely popular versions, a vegetarian recipe which we\u2019re featuring here and one including ground beef in the stuffing as well as lamb shanks in the cooking pot. Stuffed Grape Leaves can be served alone as a full meal, or it can also be served as a \u201cMezza\u201d appetizer along with other dishes. It goes well with a side of plain yogurt. [PAR] [PAR] Vegetarian Stuffed Grape Leaves Recipe - Warak Enab [PAR] [PAR] Recipe type: Dinner, Hors D'oeuvres [PAR] Cuisine: Lebanese, Middle Eastern [PAR] Vegetarian Grape leaves is a healthy and tasty Middle-Eastern dish that is also called Dolma or Dolmeh. Check Mama's Lebanese Kitchen delicious grape leaves recipe. [PAR] Ingredients [PAR] 1 lb of Grape Leaves (about 75-90 leaves) [PAR] 2 medium sized tomatoes finely chopped [PAR] 1 bunch of Italian parsley finely chopped (cut off stems) [PAR] 1 bunch of green mint leaves finely chopped [PAR] 1 bunch of green onions finely chopped [PAR] \u00bd cup of chickpea halves, rinsed and soaked in water overnight [PAR] \u00bd cup of rice [PAR] \u00be cup of olive oil [PAR] 1 cup of lemon juice [PAR] 1 medium size onions, sliced [PAR] 1 large tomato, sliced [PAR] Instructions [PAR] Grape Leaves Stuffing Preparation [PAR] In a bowl mix finely chopped tomatoes, mint, Italian parsley (with stems removed), green onions along with the chickpea halves, rice, 1 teaspoon of salt, \u00bc cup of olive oil and \u00bc cup of lemon juice. [PAR] Preparing the Leaves [PAR] If using canned grape leaves, get rid of water from can then soak leaves in clean hot water for 3 to 4 minutes. Rinse leaves multiple times with fresh water to get rid of any preservatives. [PAR] If using freshly picked green grape leaves, make sure to pick the young leaves that are light in color and tender with a medium size. Wash well then boil on low heat for about 40 minutes. [PAR] Once leaves are ready, cut off their stems and stack them on a cutting board, and let's get ready to roll! [PAR] How to Roll the Grape Leaves [PAR] Lay the leaves flat on a cutting board with the rough side facing upwards. [PAR] Add \u00be teaspoon of stuffing towards the bottom of the leaf as in the photo below. [PAR] Roll bottom of leaf over the stuffing, \u2153rd of the way [PAR] Fold right side over, \u2153rd of the way [PAR] Fold left side over, \u2153rd of the way [PAR] Then roll all the way through the end of the leaf [PAR] A good roll needs to be tight so that it doesn't break apart during cooking. We like to make medium to small rolls, about \u00bd inch thick and 3 inches long. [PAR] Once rolled, stack the grape leave rolls tightly in a pot with its bottom covered with a layer of sliced onions and a layer of sliced tomatoes. [PAR] Cooking the Grape Leaves [PAR] Once you've finished adding"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek Moussaka Recipe - About.com Food Greek Moussaka Recipe [PAR] Greek Salad Recipes [PAR] Classic Eggplant Moussaka. Photo \u00a9 Lynn Livanos Athan [PAR] Classic Moussaka is a casserole made by layering eggplant with a spiced meat filling then topping it off with a creamy bechamel sauce that is baked to golden perfection. [PAR] It is perhaps the most widely recognized of all Greek dishes and was made famous by the legendary Greek chef, Nicholas Tselementes . [PAR] This Moussaka eggplant recipe is the traditional Moussaka rendition, however you can also layer in potatoes, zucchini, or whatever vegetables you prefer. It's hearty and filling so you won't need many side dishes . [PAR] While it can be time consuming to prepare, I think you will find that once complete it is a very worthwhile endeavor. [PAR] Enjoy this traditional Moussaka recipe! [PAR] To see an updated/different version, check out: Moussaka | Greek Eggplant Dish [PAR] Ingredients [PAR] Preparation [PAR] Prep the Vegetables: [PAR] Using a sharp peeler, partially peel the eggplants, leaving strips of peel about 1 inch wide around the eggplant. Slice the eggplant in to 1/2 inch slices. Place the eggplant slices in a colander and salt them liberally. Cover them with an inverted plate that is weighted down by a heavy can or jar. Place the colander in the sink so that excess moisture can be drawn out. They will need to sit for at least 15-20 minutes, preferably an hour. [PAR] The salt also helps to remove some of the bitterness of the eggplant. [PAR] Peel the potatoes and boil them whole until they are just done. They should not get too soft, just cooked enough so that they no longer crunch. Drain, cool and slice them in 1/4 inch slices. Set aside. [PAR] Preheat the oven to 400 degrees. [PAR] Line two baking sheets with aluminum foil and lightly grease. Add a splash of water to the egg whites and beat them lightly with a fork. Add breadcrumbs to a flat plate. [PAR] Rinse the eggplant slices and dry with paper towels. Dip the eggplant slices in the beaten egg whites and then dredge them in the breadcrumbs, coating both sides. Place breaded eggplant slices on baking sheets and bake at 400 degrees for 1/2 an hour, turning them over once during cooking. [PAR] When eggplant is finished cooking, lower the oven temperature to 350 degrees. [PAR] Make the Meat Filling: [PAR] In a large saut\u00e9 pan, brown the ground beef (or lamb) until the pink color disappears. Add onion and saut\u00e9 until translucent, about 5 minutes. [PAR] Add garlic and cook until fragrant, about 1 minute. [PAR] Add wine to pan and allow it to simmer and reduce a bit before adding cinnamon, allspice, parsley, tomato paste, crushed tomatoes, and sugar. Allow the sauce to simmer uncovered for approximately 15 minutes so that excess liquid can evaporate. It should be a drier, chunkier, tomato sauce. Season to taste with salt and pepper. [PAR] Make the B\u00e9chamel Sauce: [PAR] Melt butter over low heat. Using a whisk , add flour to melted butter whisking continuously to make a smooth paste. Allow the flour to cook for a minute but do not allow it to brown. [PAR] Add warmed milk to mixture in a steady stream, whisking continuously. [PAR] Simmer over low heat until it thickens a bit but does not boil. [PAR] Remove from heat, and stir in beaten egg yolks and pinch of nutmeg. Return to heat and stir until sauce thickens. [PAR] Assemble the Moussaka : [PAR] Lightly grease a large deep"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christine Bleakley takes off with Adrian Chiles (...as far ... Christine Bleakley takes off with Adrian Chiles (...as far as the airport, that is) | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Christine Bleakley takes off with Adrian Chiles (...as far as the airport, that is) [PAR] comments [PAR] It is a chore most men would try to avoid. But TV host Adrian Chiles appeared happy to give co-presenter Christine Bleakley an early morning lift to Gatwick Airport for a flight to Spain. [PAR] The One Show presenter dutifully turned up at 7.45am at Miss Bleakley\u2019s West London flat on Thursday. [PAR] A few minutes later, she appeared with a large suitcase in one hand and a set of hair straighteners in the other. [PAR] Is there anything he wouldn't do for his glamorous co-star? Adrian Chiles helps Christine Bleakley with her luggage as he prepares to take her to the airport [PAR] The usually immaculately dressed presenter looked bleary-eyed as she struggled down the steps with her luggage to the car. [PAR] Miss Bleakley was casually dressed in a red T-shirt and cropped jeans and carried a large black handbag. [PAR] On her wedding finger was the wide platinum ring which sparked rumours six months ago that she had married fiance Mark Beirne. [PAR] The One Show star Christine leaves her home in west London for a long weekend in Spain with friends [PAR] But Miss Bleakley admitted she had bought the ring herself from jeweller Tiffany and within weeks Mr Beirne had broken off their engagement. [PAR] Miss Bleakley, 30, watched as Chiles hauled the heavy suitcase on to the back seat, before they drove off to Gatwick. [PAR] After dropping Miss Bleakley at the South Terminal, the TV presenter headed off. [PAR] It was meetings such as this that prompted Mr Beirne, 35, to accuse 42-year-old Chiles of being \u2018the third person\u2019 in the split. [PAR] Yesterday, Miss Bleakley\u2019s agent said: \u2018Christine has got a long weekend off and has gone on holiday with friends. [PAR] 'She has not gone away with Adrian, they are just mates and spend a lot of time together. Her fiance broke off the engagement, not her. [PAR] \u2018The fact that Christine spends so much time with Adrian could have been a contributing factor. [PAR] 'They work from midday to 8pm on The One Show and all the production team spend a lot of time socialising together.\u2019 [PAR] Chiles has become a household name, earning \u00a32million for a two-year contract with the BBC. [PAR] He fronts Match Of The Day, hosted the channel\u2019s Sports Personality Of The Year and presents The Apprentice spin-off You\u2019re Fired! for BBC2. [PAR] It is not the first time Chiles has arrived at Miss Bleakley\u2019s flat to give her a lift. [PAR] Last month, he turned up on his \u00a36,000 Honda Transalp only for her to emerge in a tight-fitting black dress and high heels and find she could not scramble on to the motorbike. [PAR] Giggling, she returned to the house and reappeared in jeans and flip-flops, carrying her dress in a bag. [PAR] Bleary-eyed (but still beautiful): Christine clutches the accessory she just can't do without... her hair straightening irons [PAR] Chiles split from his wife of ten years, radio presenter Jane Garvey, 13 months ago. Chiles, from Birmingham, moved out of the couple\u2019s \u00a31.35million marital home in London\u2019s Hammersmith. [PAR] Just weeks later, he was seen having a late-night assignation with Miss Bleakley at a basement flat in West London. The pair arrived separately, with father-of-two Chiles appearing first on his motorbike and letting himself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision 1997 - Katrina & The Waves - Love shine a light ... Eurovision 1997 - Katrina & The Waves - Love shine a light - YouTube [PAR] Eurovision 1997 - Katrina & The Waves - Love shine a light [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 14, 2008 [PAR] Eurovision 1997 - Katrina & The Waves - Love shine a light [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eggborough Power Ltd - Location Eggborough Power Ltd - Location [PAR] Location [PAR] Close to the A1 and M1 motorways [PAR] Within a half hour drive of [PAR] Leeds [PAR] Within a one hour drive of [PAR] Hull [PAR] You are here: Eggborough Power Home > Location [PAR] Location [PAR] Eggborough Power Station is situated off the A19 south of Selby, between the towns of Knottingley and Snaith, not far from the village of Eggborough. [PAR] By Train [PAR] The most convenient main line train stations are at Doncaster or York. [PAR] By Car [PAR] From the North [PAR] Follow signs South on the A1/A1(M) \u2013 At J44 branch left following the A1(M) signposted The South. [PAR] After approximately 8 miles at J41 branch left to join the M62 motorway (East) signposted Hull [PAR] Leave the M62 at J34 then at roundabout take 2nd exit onto the A19 (signposted Selby) [PAR] Eggborough Power is on the right hand side (second entrance). [PAR] From the South [PAR] Leave M1 at J32 to join M18 (signposted The North) [PAR] Leave M18 at J7 [PAR] Join M62 (West) [PAR] Leave M62 at J34 then at roundabout take 4th exit on to the A19 (signposted Selby) [PAR] Eggborough Power Station is on the right hand side (second entrance). [PAR] From the East [PAR] Travelling on the M62 [PAR] Leave M62 at J34 then at roundabout take 4th exit on to the A19 (signposted Selby) [PAR] Eggborough Power Station is on the right hand side (second entrance). [PAR] From the West [PAR] Travelling on the M62"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blackbeard - Pirates of the Caribbean Online Wiki - Wikia Blackbeard | Pirates Online Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [PAR] \u2014 Blackbeard [PAR] Edward Teach, better known as Blackbeard, was a notorious English pirate in the Caribbean Sea during the early 18th century. He appears in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides , played by Ian McShane, as the first historical pirate to appear in the Pirates of the Caribbean films. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Blackbeard on his ship. [PAR] Edward Teach was most likely born in Bristol, England. Little is known about his early life, but in 1716 he joined the crew of Benjamin Hornigold, a pirate who operated from the Caribbean island of New Providence. He quickly gained his own ship, Queen Anne's Revenge , and from 1717 to 1718 became a notorious and feared pirate. His cognomen was derived from his thick black beard and fearsome appearance; he was reported to have tied lit fuses under his hat to frighten his enemies. He was a giant of a man for the times, close to six and a half feet tall and the fuses would create a halo of smoke around his head. [PAR] It is said that Blackbeard had over 14 wives but only his last marriage to Mary Ormond was considered legitimate. [PAR] After separating from Hornigold, Teach formed an alliance of pirates, and with his cohorts blockaded the port of Charleston, South Carolina. After successfully ransoming the port's inhabitants, he ran his ship aground and then accepted a royal pardon. He was soon back at sea however, and attracted the attention of the Governor of Virginia, Alexander Spotswood. Spotswood arranged for a party of soldiers and sailors to find and capture the pirate, which they did on November 22, 1718. According to the pirate Lore , Teach was killed by a small force of sailors led by Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard after his ship ran aground. [PAR] On Stranger Tides [PAR] Blackbeard uses the Sword of Triton against Jack Sparrow and his mutineers. [PAR] Blackbeard, a name uttered in terror by all who sail the sea, or any unfortunate enough to encounter him on dry land. His flagship, the Queen Anne's Revenge , is manned by zombies , festooned with the bones of his victims and spits fire from its bow to incinerate enemy ships, or the occasional crew member fallen out of favor. Blackbeard dabbles in the Black Arts and wields a sword , embedded with one of the three sapphires of Triton. But Blackbeard lives under the shadow of a prophesied death, his only hope the restorative waters of the Fountain of Youth. Whatever it takes, no matter who is crushed beneath the weight of his heartless ambition, Blackbeard will get there by any possible means. [PAR] Game Terms [PAR] Blackbeard DOES NOT CURRENTLY appear in Pirates of the Caribbean Online , however his sword, the Sword of Triton , his ship, The Queen Anne's Revenge and his zombified Jumbee crew do. [PAR] With the release of the sword into the game, the developers released a riddle found on a parchment uncovered near the Sword: [PAR] \u201c [PAR] This sword holds far more power than meets the eye, for when a royal bow breaks water, ye shall know her name and that of her enslaved crew. [PAR] \u201d [PAR] This was a hint that lead to the Jumbees and The Queen Anne's Revenge coming into the game."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What countries border Belgium? | Reference.com What countries border Belgium? | Reference.com [PAR] What countries border Belgium? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Geographically, Belgium borders the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France. To the north, Belgium also borders the Northern Sea as its only corridor towards ocean trade routes. Belgium's total geographic border spans approximately 1,385 kilometers, with a large portion measuring 620 kilometers making up the border with France. Its second largest border is the one with the Netherlands, which measures 450 kilometers in length. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The geography of Belgium can be divided into three distinct regions: the central plateau, the coastal plains near the Northern Sea and the Ardennes uplands. The coastal plains feature a combination of natural beaches and reclaimed land, while the Ardennes is made up of rocky and heavily forested areas. [PAR] Belgium became independent in 1830 from the Netherlands after a revolution. After its independence, the country became a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The first king of Belgium was Leopold I, who was installed as monarch on July 21, 1831. The date is also recognized and celebrated as Belgium's National Day. [PAR] Since 1922, Belgium has an open trade economy with Luxembourg to its south and, as of 2014, shares a single currency as well as customs agreements with much of the European Union. Belgium was also one of the founding members of the European Union.[DOC] [TLE] Belgium: Crossing the Border - TripAdvisor Belgium: Crossing the Border - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] Belgium: Crossing the Border [PAR] Review a place you\u2019ve visited [PAR] JOIN [PAR] We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for Belgium each week. [PAR] Belgium Traveler Article: [PAR] Comments (1) [PAR] Border crossings [PAR] Points of entry into Belgium include airports located in Brussels, Antwerp, Li\u00e8ge, Ostend and Charleroi and seaports in Zeebrugge, Ostend and Antwerp. Belgium is also connected to the neighbouring countries of The Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France and Britain by road and by rail. [PAR] When travelling between Belgium and another Schengen country, routine immigration and customs checks do not take place - see the Schengen Agreement section below for more information. There may be occasional specifically targetted checks as a result of intelligence sharing. [PAR] However, when travelling between Belgium and non-Schengen countries (including Bulgaria/Cyprus/Ireland/Romania/United Kingdom), there are routine immigration checks and selective customs checks. [PAR] When leaving Belgium by Eurostar, only passengers travelling to London, Ebbsfleet or Ashford in Britain go through immigration checks in Brussels Zuid-Midi station by the Belgian Federal Police and the United Kingdom Border Agency (UKBA) before departure. Passengers travelling by Eurostar to Lille or Calais do not go through immigration checks as they are travelling within the Schengen zone, although they may be asked to present an identity document by the Belgian Federal Police. [PAR] [PAR] Travel documents [PAR] EU, EEA and Swiss citizens need only present a valid passport or national identity card. [PAR] All other citizens need to present a passport or other accepted travel document that is valid for the total duration of their planned stay in Belgium. Some will require a visa - see the Visa section below for more information. [PAR] [PAR] Visas [PAR] EU, EEA and Swiss citizens do not require a visa. [PAR] Citizens of the following countries do not need a visa if staying in the Schengen Area as a whole for less than 90 days in a 180 day period: Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many times has Italy won the World Cup? | Reference.com How many times has Italy won the World Cup? | Reference.com [PAR] How many times has Italy won the World Cup? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The Italian men's national soccer team has won the FIFA World Cup four times as of 2014. Italy won the competition in 1934, 1938, 1982 and most recently in 2006. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The country's first World Cup was won on home soil, as Italy defeated Czechoslovakia 2-1 in the final to take the trophy. Four years later, Italy would retain the title by beating Hungary in the final, played in France. The Italians would not recapture the trophy until 1982, 44 years later. The tournament was held in Spain, and Italy emerged triumphant in the final by a score of 3-1 against rivals West Germany. Finally, the 2006 World Cup was decided by a penalty shootout. The Italians celebrated in Germany after prevailing over France. The World Cup is held every four years.[DOC] [TLE] World Cup Winners - Which Soccer Teams Have Won? World Cup Winners - Which Soccer Teams Have Won? [PAR] World Cup Winners [PAR] World News Expert [PAR] By Bridget Johnson [PAR] The World Cup has been played every four years to determine the top soccer team on the globe, expect in the years 1942 and 1946 because of World War II. [PAR] But which country has been most victorious in the most widely watched sporting event in the world? That honor goes to Brazil, which will not only be hosting the event in 2014 but which has five titles and is the only country to date to have played in every World Cup . Brazil won the World Cup in 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. [PAR] Italy comes in second, having taken home four titles in 1934, 1938, 1982 and 2006. [PAR] For all the love of footie in the United Kingdom , the last and only time the Brits have taken the title was in 1966 -- and that was on British soil. There is something to be said for the home-field advantage when surveying the World Cup victors over the years. [PAR] Here are all of the World Cup winners since the tournament's inception: [PAR] 1930 (in Uruguay): Uruguay over Argentina, 4-2 [PAR] 1934 (in Italy): Italy over Czechoslovakia, 2-1 [PAR] 1938 (in France): Italy over Hungary, 4-2 [PAR] 1950 (in Brazil): Uruguay over Brazil, 2-1, in a round robin finals format [PAR] 1954 (in Switzerland): West Germany over Hungary, 3-2 [PAR] 1958 (in Sweden): Brazil over Sweden, 5-2 [PAR] 1962 (in Chile): Brazil over Czechoslovakia, 3-1 [PAR] 1966 (in England): England over West Germany, 4-2 [PAR] 1970 (in Mexico): Brazil over Italy, 4-1 [PAR] 1974 (in West Germany): West Germany over the Netherlands, 2-1 [PAR] 1978 (in Argentina): Argentina over the Netherlands, 3-1 [PAR] 1982 (in Spain): Italy over West Germany, 3-1 [PAR] 1986 (in Mexico): Argentina over West Germany, 3-2 [PAR] 1990 (in Italy): West Germany over Argentina, 1-0 [PAR] 1994 (in the United States): Brazil over Italy in a 0-0 tie and 3-2 penalty shootout [PAR] 1998 (in France): France over Brazil, 3-0 [PAR] 2002 (in South Korea and Japan): Brazil over Germany, 2-0 [PAR] 2006 (in Germany): Italy over France in a 1-1 tie and 5-3 penalty shootout"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Winner: Film director, national treasure (and no ... Michael Winner: Film director, national treasure (and no mean restaurant critic) dies | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Film director and national treasure Michael Winner has died aged 77, it was revealed today. [PAR] His wife Geraldine confirmed that he had passed away at his home in Kensington, west London, after a long battle with liver disease. [PAR] He made more than 30 films over a career which spanned seven decades, including the blockbuster Death Wish series. [PAR] As well as his films, he was known for his witty restaurant reviews and larger-than-life personality. [PAR] Scroll down for video [PAR] Lia Williams with Winner in 1992 who played Bella in his film Dirty Weekend. The film was based on a novel by Helen Zahavi [PAR] Prolific: Winner directed more than 30 films including the blockbuster Death Wish series [PAR] Legend: Film director Michael Winner died aged 77 after a long battle with liver disease [PAR] Most recently Winner, who was also a regular contributor to the Daily Mail, appeared in adverts for insurance company Esure. The adverts spawned the catchphrase, 'Calm Down dear, it's only a commercial'. [PAR] Winner revealed in the summer that he was researching the possibility of assisted suicide after doctors told him he had less than two years to live. [PAR] His health scares in the past included a bacterial infection he got from eating oyster in Barbados, and food poisoning brought on by eating steak tartare four days in a row. [PAR] Paying tribute to her husband Mrs Winner, a former dancer, said in a statement: 'Michael was a wonderful man, brilliant, funny and generous. A light has gone out in my life.' [PAR] The couple first met in 1957, when he was 21 and she was 16, but married only in 2011 after a decades-long relationship. [PAR] In a film career which spanned more than 50 years, he worked with some of the biggest stars in Hollywood, including Marlon Brando, Robert Mitchum and Faye Dunaway. [PAR] He later reinvented himself as a restaurant critic, writing about food in his typically flamboyant style in his Winner's Dinners column for the Sunday Times, which he gave up only last month. [PAR] Winner, whose appearance in adverts for motor insurance coined the catchphrase 'Calm down dear, it's only a commercial', also founded and funded the Police Memorial Trust following the murder of WPC Yvonne Fletcher outside the Libyan embassy in London in 1984. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Dirty Weekend (1993) [PAR] Parting Shots (1999) [PAR] The initiative led to a National Police Memorial being erected in the Mall in central London. [PAR] Steve Lloyd, trust manager and vice-chairman of the Police Roll of Honour Trust, said: 'Michael had been ill for some time, but this is still a sad loss. [PAR] 'Michael was a keen supporter of police charities and in particular was the founder of the project that let to the National Police Memorial being placed in the Mall in London. [PAR] 'There is no doubt that Michael's work will be continued and we at the Trust pass on our sympathies to his family at this sad time. [PAR] 'The work he did on behalf of the policing family brought a lot of comfort to those he recognised.' [PAR] Winner had an early introduction to showbusiness - by the age of 14 he was writing a column for local newspapers interviewing stars from Louis Armstrong to Laurence Olivier. [PAR] His time as editor of the Cambridge University newspaper, Varsity, saw him lead a team"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Engelbert Humperdinck His Greatest Hits The Last Waltz [PAR] REVIEWS [PAR] Engelbert is long overdue a three disc box set to contain some of the fantastic songs from the first dozen or so years of his nearly four decade long career, those melodies that hold so many memories, sung to perfection by \"The King of Romance\"; for now they are scattered among dozens of CDs, and to get all one's favorites means purchasing multitudes of compilations. Though practically all will include \"Release Me\", there are lesser known beauties that are \"must haves\". This is a terrific grouping, and the rarity on it is \"Ten Guitars\", and to a lesser extent \"Everybody Knows (We're Through)\", which is sung from a woman's point of view, and from his first \"Release Me\" LP, the wonderful Herman's Hermits hit \"There's a Kind of Hush (All Over the World)\", and \"My World\" (sometimes listed as \"Il Mondo\"). [PAR] Also included is the song I could listen to for hours, \"The Way it Used to Be\", the exquisite \"Les Bicyclettes de Belsize\", and the waltz to end all waltzes, \"The Last Waltz\". These are all the original recordings, and the sound is O.K., though not as good when compared to \"Ultimate Collection\" or \"Greatest Love Songs\", which are two compilations that are on the top of the heap for excellence, and deserve to be in every Engelbert collection. [PAR] The booklet insert includes a mini bio and most appreciated, a U.K. and U.S. singles chart history from 1967 to 1970, and total playing time is 43'19. [PAR] Review From: Alejandra Vernon, Amazon on 2011-05-26 [PAR] Born in Madras, India, in 1936, Arnold Dorsey, a.k.a. Englebert Humperdinck, became one of the best pop singers of the late 60's through the 70's, and even up to the present. This collection contains his greatest hits between the period of 1966 to 1969, plus 5 songs that weren't released as singles but were still very popular during that time...and of course, they still are. These are songs that will always be good to listen to. Booklet contains a 2 page essay about E.H, plus a U.K. & U.S. Singles Chart History, which is very informative. [PAR] Review From: G. Sawaged, Amazon on 2011-05-26 [PAR] Wonderful music, great listening [PAR] Review From: a reviewer, cd Universe on 2011-05-26 [PAR] USER REVIEWS [PAR] Posted By [PAR] Momsy158 [PAR] \"Have the CD version of this album. It's a little annoying that the American version has only 10 songs, while the UK version has 12. But regardless of how many songs, it's still a nice collection of some of his classic hits. Definitely well worth getting, having, and listening.\" [PAR] Posted on: September, 13 2011 20:45 PM [PAR] Posted By [PAR] Billiej [PAR] \"Wow all these songs turned out to be so popular for this great man.Would love to ear IL MONDO more. I thought he would of on these early albums. Love it though! Billie\" [PAR] Posted on: June, 12 2011 20:43 PM [PAR] If you would like to post a review, please register . If you have already registered, just login ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Faisal II (1935 - 1958) - Find A Grave Memorial Faisal II (1935 - 1958) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] Death: [PAR] Jul. 14, 1958 [PAR] King of Iraq. He ascended to the throne at the age of three years upon the tragic death of his father, King Ghazi. Faisal's uncle Abd al-llah served as regent until Faisal came of age in 1953. As a child, he suffered from asthma. In April of 1941, Abd al-llah was briefly deposed by a military coup which aimed to align Iraq with the Axis powers, but he was quickly restored. As a teenager, Faisal attended Harrow School in England with his cousin King Hussein of Jordan. On May 2, 1953, he was able to fully assume the powers of his throne. Faisal relied heavily on the advice of both his uncle and longtime prime minister Nuri al-Sa'id, who were both considered pro-Western. There was growing opposition to his monarchy from the poor and middle class, who felt that the wealthy were the only ones who had any power in the country. During Faisal's reign, Iraq signed the Baghdad Pact in 1955, which aligned the country with the West. On February 14, 1958, Iraq and Jordan joined together as a federation to counter Syria and Egypt's formation of the United Arab Republic. In the summer of that year, King Hussein of Jordan asked Iraq for military assistance during the growing crisis in Lebanon. Iraqi troops under Abd al-Karim Qasim, who were supposed to be going to Jordan, marched on Baghdad instead and mounted a coup on July 14, 1958. Faisal quickly surrendered to the rebels and he, his uncle Abd al-llah, and most of the royal family were executed in the palace courtyard. Nuri al Sa'id, his longtime prime minister, was brutally murdered the next day. Faisal's death brought an end to the 37 year old Iraqi monarchy. (bio by: Mr. Badger Hawkeye)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Last Titanic survivor dies, aged 97 | Metro News Last Titanic survivor dies, aged 97 | Metro News [PAR] Last Titanic survivor dies, aged 97 [PAR] metrowebukmetro Sunday 31 May 2009 9:55 pm [PAR] Millvina Dean, the last survivor of the Titanic disaster, has died at the age of 97. [PAR] Miss Dean was just nine weeks old when the historic liner sank in 1912. [PAR] Millvina Dean, the last survivor of the 1912 Titanic disaster, has died, aged 97 [PAR] She died in the early hours of Saturday morning after being cared for at a Southampton nursing home. [PAR] Elizabeth Gladys Dean, known to friends as Millvina, was born on February 2, 1912 and boarded the doomed ship with her parents Bertram Frank and Georgette Eva and her elder brother Bertram. [PAR] Members of the family, all third class passengers, were emigrating to Wichita, Kansas, where her father had hoped to open a tobacconist shop. [PAR] When the accident happened, her father felt the ship shudder and quickly told his family to get on deck. [PAR] Miss Dean, her mother and brother were among the first steerage passengers to escape the sinking liner, but Mr Dean was unable to get onto a lifeboat and perished in the disaster. [PAR] They returned to England aboard the Adriatic where \u201cMillvina became quite a spectacle: that such a tiny baby could have came through the ordeal alive,\u201d according to Encyclopedia-Titanica. [PAR] Miss Dean\u2019s family returned to Southampton and she did not find out that she had been on board the vessel until she was eight and her mother was planning to remarry. [PAR] More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - The Last of the Mohicans (1992) The Last of the Mohicans (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Last of the Mohicans ( 1992 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] Three trappers protect a British Colonel's daughters in the midst of the French and Indian War. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 05 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 09 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 01 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Title: The Last of the Mohicans (1992) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 6 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Christy Brown, born with cerebral palsy, learns to paint and write with his only controllable limb - his left foot. [PAR] Director: Jim Sheridan [PAR] Peaceful farmer Benjamin Martin is driven to lead the Colonial Militia during the American Revolution when a sadistic British officer murders his son. [PAR] Director: Roland Emmerich [PAR] An American military advisor embraces the Samurai culture he was hired to destroy after he is captured in battle. [PAR] Director: Edward Zwick [PAR] A man's coerced confession to an IRA bombing he did not commit results in the imprisonment of his father as well. An English lawyer fights to free them. [PAR] Director: Jim Sheridan [PAR] Lt. John Dunbar, exiled to a remote western Civil War outpost, befriends wolves and Indians, making him an intolerable aberration in the military. [PAR] Director: Kevin Costner [PAR] As the Civil War continues to rage, America's president struggles with continuing carnage on the battlefield as he fights with many inside his own cabinet on the decision to emancipate the slaves. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] During the Napoleonic Wars, a brash British captain pushes his ship and crew to their limits in pursuit of a formidable French war vessel around South America. [PAR] Director: Peter Weir [PAR] In 1863, Amsterdam Vallon returns to the Five Points area of New York City seeking revenge against Bill the Butcher, his father's killer. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A Russian and a German sniper play a game of cat-and-mouse during the Battle of Stalingrad. [PAR] Director: Jean-Jacques Annaud [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The last members of a dying Native American tribe, the Mohicans -- Uncas, his father Chingachgook, and his adopted half-white brother Hawkeye -- live in peace alongside British colonists. But when the daughters of a British colonel are kidnapped by a traitorous scout, Hawkeye and Uncas must rescue them in the crossfire of a gruesome military conflict of which they wanted no part: the French and Indian War. Written by Jwelch5742 [PAR] Rated R for violence | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 25 September 1992 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] El \u00faltimo de los mohicanos See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby (35 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Michael Mann has said watching The Last"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joey Bishop, Last of the 'Rat Pack,' Dies at 89 | Fox News Joey Bishop, Last of the 'Rat Pack,' Dies at 89 | Fox News [PAR] Joey Bishop, Last of the 'Rat Pack,' Dies at 89 [PAR] Published October 18, 2007 [PAR] Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print [PAR] LOS ANGELES \u2013 Joey Bishop, the stone-faced comedian who found success in nightclubs, television and movies but became most famous as a member of Frank Sinatra's Rat Pack, has died at 89. [PAR] He was the group's last surviving member. Peter Lawford died in 1984, Sammy Davis Jr. in 1990, Dean Martin in 1995, and Sinatra in 1998. [PAR] Bishop died Wednesday night of multiple causes at his home in Newport Beach, publicist and longtime friend Warren Cowan said Thursday. [PAR] The Rat Pack became a show business sensation in the early 1960s, appearing at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas in shows that combined music and comedy in a seemingly chaotic manner. [PAR] Reviewers often claimed that Bishop played a minor role, but Sinatra knew otherwise. He termed the comedian \"the Hub of the Big Wheel,\" with Bishop coming up with some of the best one-liners and beginning many jokes with his favorite phrase, \"Son of a gun!\" [PAR] \"He was the perfect match for the Rat Pack. He fit right in like an old shoe,\" Hollywood's honorary mayor, Johnny Grant, said Thursday. [PAR] The quintet lived it up whenever members were free of their own commitments. They appeared together in such films as \"Ocean's Eleven\" and \"Sergeants 3\" and proudly gave honorary membership to a certain fun-loving politician from Massachusetts, John F. Kennedy, at whose inauguration gala Bishop served as master of ceremonies. [PAR] The Rat Pack faded after Kennedy's assassination, but the late 1990s brought a renaissance, with the group depicted in an HBO movie and portrayed by imitators in Las Vegas and elsewhere. The movie \"Ocean's Eleven\" was even remade in 2003 with George Clooney and Brad Pitt in the lead roles. [PAR] Bishop defended his fellow performers' rowdy reputations in a 1998 interview. [PAR] \"Are we remembered as being drunk and chasing broads?\" he asked. \"I never saw Frank, Dean, Sammy or Peter drunk during performances. That was only a gag. And do you believe these guys had to chase broads? They had to chase 'em away.\" [PAR] Away from the Rat Pack, Bishop starred in two TV series, both called \"The Joey Bishop Show.\" [PAR] The first, an NBC sitcom, got off to a rocky start in 1961. Critical and audience response was generally negative, and the second season brought a change in format. The third season brought a change in network, with the show moving to ABC, but nothing seemed to help and it was canceled in 1965. [PAR] In the first series, Bishop played a TV talk show host. [PAR] Then, he really became a TV talk show host. His program was started by ABC in 1967 as a challenge to Johnny Carson's immensely popular \"The Tonight Show.\" [PAR] Like Carson, Bishop sat behind a desk and bantered with a sidekick, TV newcomer Regis Philbin. But despite an impressive guest list and outrageous stunts, Bishop couldn't dent Carson's ratings, and \"The Joey Bishop Show\" was canceled after two seasons. [PAR] Bishop then became a familiar guest figure in TV variety shows and as sub for vacationing talk show hosts, filling in for Carson 205 times. [PAR] He also played character roles in such movies as \"The Naked and the Dead\" (\"I played both roles\"), \"Onion-head,\" \"Johnny Cool,\" \"Texas Across the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Jet National / Miami Go-Go\" Boeing 727 National Airlines ... \"Jet National / Miami Go-Go\" Boeing 727 National Airlines Commercial circa 1965 - YouTube [PAR] \"Jet National / Miami Go-Go\" Boeing 727 National Airlines Commercial circa 1965 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 9, 2016 [PAR] Classic TV Commercials playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... [PAR] more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net/aviatio... [PAR] \"Commercial for Jet National advertising their sale on trips to Florida.\" The winking stewardess is played by Andrea Dromm, who played \"Yeoman Smith\" in \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\" (1966) the 2nd pilot of Star Trek (The Original Series). [PAR] Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied. [PAR] The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). [PAR] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationa... \u20131980) [PAR] National Airlines was a United States airline that operated from 1934 to 1980. For most of its existence the company was headquartered at Miami International Airport, Florida. At its height, National Airlines had a network of \"Coast-to-Coast-to-Coast\" flights, linking Florida and the Gulf Coast with cities along the East Coast and large cities on the West Coast. From 1970 to 1978 National, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and Trans World Airlines (TWA) were the only U.S. airlines that operated scheduled passenger flights to Europe... [PAR] 1930s [PAR] National Airlines was founded by George T. Baker in 1934, originally being headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida and based at the city's Albert Whitted Airport. On October 15 of that year, revenue flights were launched, initially transporting passengers and mail from St. Petersburg to a few destinations within Florida using a fleet of two Ryan ST monoplanes. In 1935, the Stinson Trimotor was introduced with National Airlines, which were soon replaced by the Lockheed Model 10 Electra. In 1939, the company headquarters were moved to Jacksonville. By the end of the decade, the National Airlines network spanned from Miami to New Orleans, on what it called the Buccaneer Route. [PAR] 1940s [PAR] Revenue passenger miles for years ending June 30: [PAR] - 1936: 249,799 [PAR] - 1941: 7,264,322 [PAR] - 1946: 108,760,267 [PAR] In 1940 the Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar became the backbone of National's fleet. National was awarded rights from Florida to New York City and other cities along the East Coast in 1944, with flights starting in 1945. In 1946 National got approval to fly to Havana, Cuba, which coincided with the introduction of the Douglas DC-4. The DC-4 allowed non-stop flights between Miami and New York that started on February 14, 1946. Later that year National relocated its headquarters to Miami International Airport; a maintenance base opened at Miami in 1950. [PAR] The Douglas DC-6, National's first pressurized airliner, began flights on July 1, 1947 and reduced New York to Miami flight time from five to four hours. Flights on the DC-6 were marketed as Star Service. National ran the Piggy Bank Vacations campaign, promoting low-fare flights to Florida during the off-peak summer season. [PAR] 1950s [PAR] This decade saw the introduction of the Convair 340/440, the Douglas DC-7, and the Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation. On December"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Last of the Summer Wine (TV Series 1973\u2013 ) - IMDb Last of the Summer Wine (TV Series 1973\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Last of the Summer Wine [PAR] TV-PG | [PAR] Three old men from Yorkshire who have never grown up face the trials of their fellow town citizens and everyday life and stay young by reminiscing about the days of their youth and attempting feats not common to the elderly. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] The village prepares for Compo's funeral; even Auntie Wainwright closes her shop (her mobile phone is on for emergency purchases). Compo's \"Thursday Lady\" arrives to pay her respects. [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] A depressed Howard tries to build himself up but, under Foggy's instruction, ends up breaking his leg. Auntie Wainwright has Smiler testing a Triumph Motorcycle, after she rents him the riding gear. ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] Nora Batty finally decides to give Compo a taste of what he's been asking for and it sends him to the hospital. Clegg, Nora, and friends need to deal with the loss of their friend. [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 24 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 03 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2014 [PAR] Title: Last of the Summer Wine (1973\u2013 ) [PAR] 7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The misadventures of the staff of a retail floor of a major department store. [PAR] Stars: Mollie Sugden, John Inman, Frank Thornton [PAR] Arkwright is a tight-fisted shop owner in Doncaster, who will stop at nothing to keep his profits high and his overheads low, even if this means harassing his nephew Granville. Arkwright's ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, David Jason, Lynda Baron [PAR] A snobbish housewife is determined to climb the social ladder, in spite of her family's working class connections and the constant chagrin of her long suffering husband. [PAR] Stars: Patricia Routledge, Clive Swift, Geoffrey Hughes [PAR] When Tom Ballard moves to Bayview Retirement Vilage, he meets Diana Trent, a feisty old woman who complains about everything and wants nothing more than just to die. Much to the dislike of ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Graham Crowden, Stephanie Cole, Daniel Hill [PAR] The perils of \"escaping the rat race\" and dropping out of society - to start a farm in Surbiton (and to drive Margo nuts). [PAR] Stars: Richard Briers, Felicity Kendal, Penelope Keith [PAR] Victor Meldrew is a retiree who attracts bad luck. If he's not driving his long suffering wife Margeret crazy with his constant moaning, he's fighting with neighbors. [PAR] Stars: Richard Wilson, Annette Crosbie, Doreen Mantle [PAR] During WW2, in a fictional British seaside town, a ragtag group of Home Guard local defense volunteers prepare for an imminent German invasion. [PAR] Stars: Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Clive Dunn [PAR] The staff of the defunct Grace Brothers department store reunite to run a"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Last Action Hero (1993) - IMDb Last Action Hero (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] With the help of a magic ticket, a young film fan is transported into the fictional world of his favorite action film character. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 19 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 23 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 15 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 16 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: Last Action Hero (1993) [PAR] 6.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A tough cop must pose as a kindergarten teacher in order to locate a dangerous criminal's ex-wife, who may hold the key to putting him behind bars. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] A Witness Protection specialist becomes suspicious of his co-workers when dealing with a case involving high-tech weapons. [PAR] Director: Chuck Russell [PAR] A physically perfect but innocent man goes in search of his long-lost twin brother, who is a short small-time crook. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] A fearless, globe-trotting, terrorist-battling secret agent has his life turned upside down when he discovers his wife might be having an affair with a used car salesman. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] A retired elite Black Ops Commando launches a one man war against a group of South American criminals who have kidnapped his daughter . [PAR] Director: Mark L. Lester [PAR] Futuristic action about a man who meets a clone of himself and stumbles into a grand conspiracy about clones taking over the world. [PAR] Director: Roger Spottiswoode [PAR] A tough Russian policeman is forced to partner up with a cocky Chicago police detective when he is sent to Chicago to apprehend a Georgian drug lord who killed his partner and fled the country. [PAR] Director: Walter Hill [PAR] A wrongly convicted man must try to survive a public execution gauntlet staged as a game show. [PAR] Director: Paul Michael Glaser [PAR] A barbarian warrior sets off to avenge his parents and his tribe whom were slain by an evil sorcerer and his henchmen when he was a boy. [PAR] Director: John Milius [PAR] At the end of the century, Satan visits New York in search of a bride. It's up to an ex-cop who now runs an elite security outfit to stop him. [PAR] Director: Peter Hyams [PAR] Conan leads a ragtag group of adventurers on a quest for a princess. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] When a man goes for virtual vacation memories of the planet Mars, an unexpected and harrowing series of events forces him to go to the planet for real - or does he? [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Young Danny Madigan is a big fan of Jack Slater, a larger-than-life action hero played by Arnold Schwarzenegger. When his best friend, Nick the projectionist, gives him a magic ticket to the new Jack Slater film, Danny is transported into Slater's world,"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Patch | First world war veteran | Obituary | World ... Harry Patch | First world war veteran | Obituary | World news | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Nine decades ago, in 1917, Harry Patch, who has died aged 111, could have instantly joined the half a million German and Commonwealth soldiers ripped apart in the mud of the battle of Passchendaele. When the first world war was over and he was back in the West Country, running a plumbing business, he never mentioned those months. They were unspeakable. [PAR] Only when he reached 100 could he look back. His book The Last Fighting Tommy (2007, written with Richard van Emden) found him, at 109, not only the last British soldier to have seen combat on the western front but the oldest first-time author. His longevity had prompted a remarkable perspective on working England across the 20th century, from a man who, in his youth, had known people born in the early 19th century. [PAR] Patch grew up in Combe Down, Somerset, from whose quarries nearby Bath was built. His stonemason father, William, had met his future wife, Elizabeth, when she was head of the servant staff at the house of a doctor. From modest origins, William built houses for rent, while raising three sons and growing vegetables. [PAR] Deputed to load a pig into a van, young Harry saw the animal escape, and knock into a beehive, whose occupants seared its hide. Coughs and colds were \"treated with honey and vinegar, which tasted horrible, as well as goose grease which was smeared on your chest\". At a local school, a visiting antiquarian, the Rev Alfred Richardson, helped him to relish archaeology with Roman remains as \"hands-on history\". Patch's childhood enthusiasm for John Meade Falkner's Moonfleet (1898), set in Dorset, came alive when an ancient quarry shifted and disturbed a neighbouring house. His father found a tunnnel entrance by their well, and they went 15 metres (50ft) below, beside a spring. \"I was fascinated. I could see ... a great saw, teeth an inch long, two stones with a cut between, used to sharpen the saw, and the files stuck in a crevice. It appeared that the workmen had left a shift, never to return.\" [PAR] This was more vivid than his recollection of the Titanic's sinking in April 1912. Eight months later he began a five-year building apprenticeship. Meanwhile his mother was shocked when his brother William joined the army: in peacetime only \"scruffs and villains\" did so. [PAR] With war, Patch waited for October 1916 call-up and, by June 1917, was a lance corporal in France with the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. Two weeks after the third battle of Ypres, Passchendaele, had begun on 31 July 1917, Patch duly went over the top. \"Others were just blown to pieces,\" he would write in the 21st century, \"it wasn't a case of seeing them with a nice bullet hole in their tunic, far from it, and there I was, only 19 years old. I felt sick.\" Impassioned yet cool, he saw weeks of horror; a dying comrade called, \"shoot me\" but immediately died with the word, \"mother\". Haunted by that, and shielded by a dead German, Patch, a crack shot, fired mercifully at a German's shoulder, but the man stumbled on, bayonet ready; an easy kill, but still Patch \"shot him above the ankle, and above the knee. I brought him down. He called out something in German, I don't suppose it was complimentary\". [PAR] Then, on 22 September, Patch"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Winter Olympics. | Calers's Blog The Winter Olympics. | Calers's Blog [PAR] The Winter Olympics. [PAR] Standard [PAR] The modern Olympic Games began in 1896 in Athens. These Games revived the Ancient Olympics which had been held in Greece many centuries before The Modern Olympics included some sports that had not existed in the Ancient Olympics. Several countries took part in the 1896 Olympic Games. These included Germany, France, Greece and the United Kingdom. However, these games took place in the summer and only included summer sports. After that the Olympics included winter and summer sports and these took place in the same city. This may seem strange but the Olympics back then took 6 months and not 3 weeks as they do today. So the Olympics would on on through winter and summer. [PAR] It was not until 1928 that a separate Winter Olympics occurred. These took place at Chamonix in Switzerland. The Summer Olympics occurred that same years and was hosted by another country. [PAR] Not many places are mountainous enough to host the Winter Olympics. Some cities have hosted the winter Olympics twice. [PAR] Up to and including 1992 the Winter Olympics were held the same year as the SUmmer Olympics. Thereafter it was decided that the Winter Olympics and the Summer Olympics should not coincide. In 1994 Albertville in France hosted the Winter Olympics. This was the first time that the Winter Olympics did not take place in the same year as the SUmmer Olympics. The Winter Olympics are every four years so after 1994 it was 1998 then 2002 then 2006 and so on. The SUmmer Olympics also take place every four years. In 1992, then 1996, then 2000, then 2004 and so forth. [PAR] The Winter Olympics included crossing country skiing, slalem skiing, mobile skiing, ski jumping, ice hockey, ski shooting and many other exilihirating sports. [PAR] Those who come top in an event get the gold medal. The second place gets silver and the third place gets bronze. If it is a team event then all members get the medal but this counts as one medal on the medal table. There is no official overall winner. There are different ways people like to calculate which country won. Is it by the most medals in total? Does a gold count for more than the rest? If so how much more does it count for? [PAR] Many cities have held the Winter Olympics and done it very successfully. In 2010 Vancouver in Canada held the Winter Olympics. Before that it was Turin in Italy back in 2006. In 1988 Calgary, Canada held the Winter Olympic Games. [PAR] In 2014 the Winter Olympics were held in the Russian city of Sochi. Undoubtedly Russia won. However, the games cost over $ 60 Billion. Many people said this was a waste. It was by far the most expensive Winter Olympics to date. The Winter Olympics usually costs less to host than the Summer Olympics. [PAR] A city must apply to host the Winter Olympics. This city must be supported by the government of that country. A candidate host city must be able to show it can build a big enough stadium and enough venues for all the sports to be held. They must show that they have the money and know-how to do this. They need to prove they can handle the security situation. They need the police to be able to deal with large crowds and even riots without being too violent. Previous experience at hosting major sporting events will be an advantage. The"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speedskating 101 - Team USA Speedskating 101 [PAR] Speedskating 101 [PAR] More [PAR] SPEEDSKATING 101 [PAR] Proudly representing the fastest human-powered sport in the world, US Speedskating is a non-profit organization recognized by the United States Olympic Committee and the International Skating Union as the governing body for the sport of speed skating in the United States. Its mission is to be one of the premier speed skating organizations in the world through excellence in leadership, development and performance. To date, US Speedskating has won 86 Olympic medals, making it the most successful winter sport in the U.S. In addition to its elite programs, US Speedskating is responsible for the grassroots development of speed skating. [PAR] Short Track [PAR] \u2022 Held on Olympic sized hockey rink [PAR] \u2022 Skaters race counter clockwise [PAR] \u2022 Competition reduces the field through elimination races until the final round [PAR] \u2022 Short track is often referred to as NASCAR on ice [PAR] Long Track [PAR] \u2022 Has been an Olympic event since 1924 [PAR] \u2022 Considered to be the fastest, human powered, non-mechanical sport in the world [PAR] \u2022 Skaters compete on a 400m oval and race counter clockwise [PAR] \u2022 Athletes compete in pairs and change lanes once per lap to equalize distance [PAR] [PAR] Levels of Speedskating [PAR] Speed skating is a sport that can be enjoyed for a lifetime. It combines fun and fitness and most importantly, friends. The skating community is very supportive of one another and encourages every skater, no matter at what level, to do their best. [PAR] Learn to Skate [PAR] Many local clubs will host a Learn to Skate program to introduce the community to the sport. With the focus on fun, new skaters will learn about equipment & how to use it, basic rules and drills. [PAR] Find a Club Near You [PAR] From here, skaters can continue through recreational skating as a means to maintain a healthy, fit lifestyle by attending practice sessions as often as they would like as outlined by their local skating club. If a skater is interested in competing, then the following would be a path worth investigating. [PAR] Age Group Speedskating [PAR] The unique aspect of our sport is every single skater has begun their journey at a local club. Many Olympians will return to skate at the same practice session as the younger skaters. New skaters will work in the center of the ice performing basic drills and fine tune their technical skills. They may start to compete with their peers at local meets when ready. [PAR] Junior / Senior [PAR] Your skater may decide to challenge themselves and goals become bigger. Training will become more focused & intense to reach set goals and race times. Most skaters will follow programs that have been designed by coaches to help an athlete to reach their full potential. [PAR] Elite [PAR] Some skaters show their talent, dedication and commitment to reach the elite level of the sport and will strive to earn a spot on a National Team, World Team, Olympic Team or all the above. It takes many hours of practice, training and competition to reach this level. [PAR] Masters [PAR] Yes, even at the masters\u2019 level (age 30 and over) many still compete locally, nationally and internationally![DOC] [TLE] The Straight Dope: Why are races always run in a ... The Straight Dope: Why are races always run in a counterclockwise direction? [PAR] A Straight Dope Classic from Cecil's Storehouse of Human Knowledge [PAR] Why are races always run in a counterclockwise direction? [PAR] February 9, 1990"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thirty years on, Torvill and Dean are bringing Bolero back ... Thirty years on, Torvill and Dean are bringing Bolero back to Sarajevo [PAR] Thirty years on, Torvill and Dean are bringing Bolero back to Sarajevo [PAR] Sunday, 9 February 2014 [PAR] By Mike Rowbottom [PAR] Unlike Jay Gatsby, Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean have made a habit of successfully repeating the past, and will do so again as they mark the 30th anniversary of their ice dance gold medal performance at the Sarajevo Winter Olympics by reprising their famed \"Bolero\" routine in the Bosnia and Herzegovina capital. [PAR] The British pair will skate once more to the torrid, sinuous musical composition of Maurice Ravel's, to what Dean describes as \"the rising beat that was taking us over\", after accepting an invitation from the Mayors of Sarajevo and East Sarajevo. [PAR] They will thus return to the arena renamed as the Olympic Hall Juan Antonio Samaranch following the death of the former International Olympic Committee (IOC) President in 2010, but which was known back in 1984 as the Olympic Hall Zetra. [PAR] The venue, specially constructed for the Winter Olympics, was completely destroyed by Serbian shelling in 1992, during the Bosnian war. Its basements were used temporarily as a morgue, and wooden seats from the arena were made into coffins. [PAR] But Olympic Hall Zetra rose again from its foundations, partly through a $11.5 million (\u00a37 million/\u20ac8 million) donation from the IOC, in 1999, since when its construction has been thoroughly tested by acts including Simple Minds and Deep Purple. [PAR] Torvill and Dean's latest celebration - which will take place not on Valentine's Day, as in 1984, but February 13 - is not likely to offer any significant challenge to the fabric of the venue, unless it be the thunder of applause which will follow the completion of an emotional and physical tour de force which can truly be described as iconic. [PAR] Britain's Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean, pictured in their triumphant free dance to the music of Ravel's Bolero at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games \u00a9Getty Images [PAR] Whether the deep purple of their original outfits will be replicated remains to be seen. But the pair - who have just completed nine years as creative directors and coaches for the ITV's Dancing on Ice - look likely to offer a characteristically assured performance of a piece to which they have returned regularly as part of their demonstration outings on the show. [PAR] The old synchronicity was evident even as they went through some of the moves in the carpeted confines of the large room in which they were interviewed for the BBC documentary Torvill and Dean: The Perfect Day, which went out on February 8. [PAR] In this, the pair recall how they were the first competitors in the arena on the day of the free dance final - the third and most valuable of the required disciplines after the compulsory and original set-pattern dances - getting up at 5am in order to practice on the ice at 6am. [PAR] It was an opportunity only they of the leading contenders chose to take up, and for their pains they received an unexpected round of applause from cleaners in the stands who had set down their brushes to watch a piece of sports history in the making. [PAR] At the other end of the day, the necessity of having to provide urine samples for doping provided a prosaic postscript for what had been the ultimate moment of success for a couple who met as young teenagers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dimensions Olympic Figure Skating Rink - Welcome, New ... Dimensions Olympic Figure Skating Rink - Welcome, New Valued Customer! [PAR] WELCOME, NEW VALUED CUSTOMER! [PAR] dimensions land rover discovery 2004 [PAR] Michael Shmerkin, the first figure skater to represent Israel at the Olympic Games, had unprecedented level of family support for his [PAR] semantic themantic dimensions. Olympic Park Ice Skating Rink: . Figure Indoor soccer in U.S. Arena). Two dimensions: [PAR] m6 x 1 nut dimensions [PAR] Olympic size rink: 98 ft \ufffd 200 (30 m 61 m) NHL size rink: 85 ft \ufffd 200 ft ( 26 \ufffd 61 m) are many rinks that are built [PAR] does not an Olympic-size rink - a requirement for [PAR] nibco flexible connection dimensions [PAR] used skating the rink of obstructions so . the rink dimensions and supporting layers underneath the ice. [PAR] standard staircase dimensions [PAR] skip to main | skip to sidebar. Figure in Singapore [PAR] shoe sizes and dimensions [PAR] Cockburn Arena, An Olympic size rink skating school in Perth, Australia [PAR] 15 inch screen dimensions [PAR] \"Dubai Ice Rink's proportions and multi-purpose usage [PAR] washing machine dimensions [PAR] What sets the PRFSF apart figure skating on [PAR] shower base dimensions [PAR] \u00b7 Business Office \u00b7 \u00b7 Skating Goaltending Clinics \u00b7 101 [PAR] metric pipe thread dimensions [PAR] that there was only one ice rink in Turkey in the 1980s and her homeland had an figure [PAR] calls club's former treasurer repay $120k - Boston [PAR] atv roller fairlead dimensions [PAR] Posted | average rink dimensions of an skating rink, of olympic skating rink, hockey [PAR] interior dimensions honda passport [PAR] to History\u200e: The Olympic Skating Center, where short track figure events take place during the Olympic [PAR] standard coffin dimensions [PAR] Former Olympic figure skaters Dorothy and Paul were at [PAR] 2000 porsche boxter dimensions [PAR] Most make do and on size hockey as more What are dimensions of NHL and olympic hockey [PAR] trane xe 90 dimensions [PAR] Numerous figure skating opened and ice skating [PAR] us maximum truck dimensions [PAR] 1908: first figure-skating competition is held on a indoor rink as of the Summer Games in London. Ice dancing becomes a [PAR] dimensions inverters by sensata technologies [PAR] Over 100 national, and figure skaters have part of the Los Figure Club's history. In July of 2008, the [PAR] cmu block actual dimensions [PAR] Figure skating. Indoor soccer in U.S. 100x200 Arena dimensions: 85x200. Seating railway section dimensions. Olympic Park Ice Rink: [PAR] dimensions on theaters [PAR] SINGAPORE to get its Olympic-size ice skating as part of $138.2 million overhaul of Jurong Entertainment Centre. [PAR] n55 battery dimensions [PAR] skating - Considered many to be darling of the Winter Olympics. [PAR] understanding dimensions length width height [PAR] The 2002 double-gold pairs event was new me. You step on an during a freestyle (figure skating [PAR] dimensions of queen sized bed [PAR] Boasting Olympic-size measurements, Dubai Ice Rink at Dubai is an ideal to host international ice skating and [PAR] large bathroom dimensions [PAR] Public figure skating & ice They have two ice rinks Olympic size, one size). Ice 111 Midtown Bridge Approach [PAR] moved to Deeside from south of to train at its Olympic size ice rink. [PAR] identifying three different dimensions structural [PAR] The top level for figure skating is free style 10 we hav [PAR] hull dimensions of boats [PAR] arenas having rinks League rink dimensions; [PAR] shipping logistics management conatiner dimensions [PAR] \ufffdThe Russian Figure Federation Hosting a department 2010. Legacies Now, looking an international size ice rink [PAR] size olympic poold"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 14 most fascinating facts about the final 2014 Winter ... The 14 most fascinating facts about the final 2014 Winter Olympics medal count | For The Win [PAR] The 14 most fascinating facts about the final 2014 Winter Olympics medal count [PAR] The 14 most fascinating facts about the final 2014 Winter Olympics medal count [PAR] By Chris Chase February 23, 2014 10:19 am Follow @firechrischase [PAR] 210k shares [PAR] Follow @firechrischase [PAR] (USA TODAY Sports Images) [PAR] The competition ended Sunday at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Which nation ruled the medal count? How did the United States fare? Which athletes went home with the biggest haul? And just how dominant was the Dutch speedskating team? For The Win answers those questions, and many more, with the 14 most interesting facts about the final Winter Olympics medal count. [PAR] 1. Russia ruled Russia [PAR] (USA TODAY Sports Images) [PAR] No matter the metric, the host nation won a decisive medal-count victory . Russia won 13 gold medals in Sochi, two more than runner-up Norway. Overall, Russian athletes won 33 medals, five more than the United States\u2019 28. It\u2019s the first time the host nation swept both medal counts since Norway did it at the 1952 Winter Games in Oslo. [PAR] 2. United States is king of the bronze [PAR] USA TODAY Sports [PAR] It didn\u2019t look good for the United States. No medals in individual figure skating for the first time since 1936. No medals in speedskating for the first time since 1984. The four most identifiable Winter Olympians \u2014 Shaun White, Bode Miller, Lindsey Vonn, Shani Davis \u2014 won a total of one bronze medal. (In Vonn\u2019s defense, she wasn\u2019t competing in Sochi due to injury.) The women\u2019s hockey team blew a late 2-0 lead in the gold-medal game and the men\u2019s team was outscored 6-0 in the medal rounds. Still, it wasn\u2019t all bad. American athletes won 28 medals, good for second on the overall medal count. (That was nine fewer medals than the U.S. won in Vancouver, however.) Team USA\u2019s 12 bronze medals were the most for any nation. It\u2019s the third time in the past four Winter Olympics the Americans have won that tally. [PAR] 3. Dutch (speedskating) masters [PAR] (USA TODAY Sports Images) [PAR] The speedskating team from The Netherlands won 23 medals (eight gold, seven silver, eight bronze). Among the remarkable aspects of that achievement: [PAR] a. The Dutch speedskating team alone would have finished sixth on the overall medal count. [PAR] b. While the Dutch won 23 medals on the oval, all other nations won 13 medals combined. [PAR] c. Since 1998, no other country has won more golds in speedskating than the Dutch won in Sochi. (The U.S. and Germany had seven each.) [PAR] d. They did this all with just 41 athletes in Sochi. Canada earned one more medal with 180 more athletes. [PAR] e. The Netherlands only won one more medal in the Olympics. It came in short-track speedskating, of course. [PAR] 4. The rise and fall of Germany [PAR] (USA TODAY Sports Images) [PAR] For the early days of the Winter Games, Germany led the gold-medal count, thanks to a dominating performance in luge. (German lugers won all four golds in the luge events.) But once luge ended, it was all downhill from there, as Germany ended up finishing sixth in both medal counts. That\u2019s the worst performance for any post-Berlin Wall German team and the worst for a main German Olympic squad in 46 years. [PAR] 5. The Dutch did the most with the least"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Day at the Races Reviews & Ratings - IMDb A Day at the Races Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 29 out of 34 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Longest Of The Marx Brothers Features [PAR] from United States [PAR] 8 April 2006 [PAR] Well, here's one more zany uniquely-Marx Brothers film, one noted for being the longest feature movie they made at 111 minutes. [PAR] Even with the longer running time, it's still not the story but all the gags and musical talent of the Marx Brothers that is on parade here and is the selling point of the film. That was normal procedure for them. In this edition, the gag scenes were longer and the amount of music was much greater. [PAR] The major skits involve a race track tout (Chico conning Groucho) , a physical exam (Margaret Dumont, who else?), a delay of the big horse race and a bunch of other crazy skits. Some are good, some go on too long. [PAR] Maureen O'Sullivan, of Tarzan fame among other films, gives the film some beauty and Dumont is treated with more respect here than in the other Marx Brothers films. Groucho takes it easy on her because her character has the money that will save the day, so to speak. [PAR] This MB film has a ton of music, from Chico on piano, to Harpo with harp and flute solos plus a flute number with a group of black folks. Then there is Allan Jones crooning away to O'Sullivan with several ballads. Also, there are several group numbers featuring the aforementioned group of blacks . I liked their rousing gospel numbers best of all the music. [PAR] The ending of this movie reminded me of Horse Feathers, in which the most outrageous football game was ever filmed. Here, it was a horse race, unlike any you would ever see. It is so ridiculous, you just laugh out loud....and that's the idea of the movie. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 25 out of 30 people found the following review useful: [PAR] hilarious; 9/10 [PAR] from Saint Paul, MN [PAR] 25 June 2001 [PAR] I haven't seen enough of the Marx Brothers' films to say which is their best and which is their worst. I have seen Duck Soup, which I would say has to be at least one of their best, seeing that I believe it to be one of the funniest comedies ever. I have also seen A Night at the Opera, which is also often considered one of their best, often the best. I myself found it much less funny than Duck Soup. I wanted to kill myself during the musical numbers of that film. [PAR] Now I've seen A Day at the Races, the Brothers' follow up to A Night at the Opera, a smash hit in theaters. Generally, Races is considered a weak follow-up to a great film. I disagree. I liked A Day at the Races much more than A Night at the Opera (but a bit less than Duck Soup). All three Brothers are firing bullseye after bullseye. Harpo could stand to do a little bit more. He may have had the funniest role in Duck Soup. He was an utter maniac with total disregard for human life. When the Marx Brothers left Paramount for MGM, their edge was dulled down a bit. Oh well, Races still succeeds. [PAR] Also, except for the boring opera voice, even the musical numbers work here. I love to watch Chico play the piano."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Magnetic Hematite - Magneticbeadingnbeyond About Magnetic Hematite [PAR] ABOUT US and OUR MAGNETIC HEMATITE JEWELRY, MAGNETIC THERAPY AND GEMSTONE METAPHYSICAL PROPERTIES [PAR] What is Magnetic Therapy? [PAR] Magnetic therapy is a natural method used by many to relieve pain, restore energy, restore balance and enhance [PAR] sleep. Many people and celebrities use magnet therapy as an effective form of alternative pain therapy. Magnetism [PAR] and the effects of electromagnetic fields. Magnets are reported to enable the body to regain its self-healing [PAR] electro-magnetic balance naturally. A wide variety of health benefits have been attributed to magnetic therapy. It [PAR] Magnetic therapy is a natural method used by many to relieve pain, restore energy, restore balance and enhance is [PAR] said to maintain the natural charge of the nerve cells (thus reducing pain), increase the healing process, boost the [PAR] sleep. Many people and celebrities use magnet therapy as an effective form of alternative pain therapy. Magnetism [PAR] immune system, improve quality of sleep, relieve ailments of the hands, wrists and fingers, and generally enhance [PAR] is the very foundation of life on earth. Our body is constantly being altered by poor diet, injury, illness, accidents [PAR] physical energy and vitality. Magnetic therapy also is reported to help tension headaches and light migraines. In [PAR] some circumstances people have recorded a difference within 48 hours of wearing magnetic jewelry. [PAR] How Does Magnetic Therapy Work To Relieve Pain? [PAR] Pain is transmitted along nerve cells as an electric signal. The nerve has a small charge of about \u201370 mV. A pain [PAR] signal depolarizes a cell. Magnets appear to raise the depolarization, in effect, blocking the pain. Furthermore, the [PAR] ability of the nerve to send pain is slowed by a magnetic field. These phenomena can aid in the relief of pain [PAR] throughout the body. All physical and mental functions are controlled by electromagnetic fields produced by the [PAR] movement of ions within the body. The process restores the electromagnetic balance of the area creating pain [PAR] relief, thus allowing the body to heal. [PAR] The following information is presented for educational and informative purposes only. We do not make [PAR] any medical claims regarding our jewelry nor do we claim that there is scientific consensus regarding these [PAR] products. We just know that our own use of magnets to alleviate aches and pains as well as for circulatory [PAR] problems has been very positive. Magnetic therapy is a natural method used by many to relieve pain, restore [PAR] energy and enhance sleep. Many athletes, doctors and celebrities wear magnetic jewelry as an effective form of [PAR] alternative pain therapy. Magnet fields are part of the very foundation of life on earth. Our body is constantly being [PAR] altered by poor diet, injury, illness, accidents and the effects of electromagnetic fields. Magnets are reported to [PAR] enable the body to regain its self-healing electro-magnetic balance naturally. We have received numerous reports [PAR] from our customers regarding the effectiveness of wearing magnetic jewelry in alleviating pain symptoms [PAR] associated with joint pain, carpal tunnel, arthritis, tendinitis and insomnia to name a few. Magnetic jewelry is also [PAR] reported to help one maintain balance and enhance energy. [PAR] What is Natural-Raw Hematite? [PAR] Hematite: (\"hei-daan\") is a fascinating mineral (Fe2O3 - Iron Oxide). It may contain slight amounts of titanium. [PAR] Black, gray to silver gray, brown to reddish brown or red, it has a deep luster that seems to glow from within. [PAR] Gemstone quality hematite is a silvery opaque stone that almost looks like metal. On the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Augusta, cities, United States - Infoplease Augusta, cities, United States [PAR] Encyclopedia > Places > United States, Canada, and Greenland > U.S. Political Geography [PAR] Augusta [PAR] Augusta (\u00f4g\u016ds\u02c8t\u0259, \u0259g\u016ds\u02c8\u2013) [ key ]. 1 City (1990 pop. 44,639), seat of Richmond co., E Ga.; inc. 1798. At the head of navigation on the Savannah River and protected by levees, Augusta is the trade center for a broad band of counties in Georgia and South Carolina known as the Central Savannah River Area. It is also an important industrial center, manufacturing textiles, chemicals, building materials, medical supplies, tools, and wood, paper, metal, and plastic products. The city is the headquarters of the Augusta National Golf Club and sponsors the annual Masters Tournament. [PAR] Augusta grew from an old river trading post existing as early as 1717 and was named by James Oglethorpe in 1735 after the mother of George III. In the American Revolution, Augusta changed hands several times and was finally taken by Continental forces under Andrew Pickens and Light-Horse Harry Lee in 1781. It was the capital of Georgia from 1785 to 1795. Augusta expanded rapidly with the tobacco and cotton industries. By 1820 the city was a trade terminus; manufacturing began in 1828, when Augusta's first textile plant began operation. During the Civil War, Augusta housed the largest Confederate powderworks. [PAR] The city's historical attractions include a boyhood home of President Woodrow Wilson, a U.S. arsenal (1815\u20131955), whose surviving buildings are part of Augusta State Univ., and old homes of Georgian and classic-revival styles. Paine College and Georgia Medical College are also in Augusta. Nearby is Fort Gordon, with training schools for military police, the signal corps, and the corps of engineers. The waterfront facing the Savannah River has been landscaped, creating a riverfront promenade along the levee with an amphitheater. The former Cotton Exchange building now serves as a visitor's center and museum. [PAR] 2 City (1990 pop. 21,325), state capital and seat of Kennebec co., SW Maine, on the Kennebec River; inc. as a town 1797, as a city 1849. Government, health services, and education are now the important industries. Traders visited the site, long known as Cushnoc, even before 1628, when the Plymouth Company established a trading post. Fort Western was built in 1754, and Benedict Arnold 's expedition to Quebec assembled at the fort in 1775. (The garrison house was restored as a museum in 1921.) The settlement around the fort developed with shipping and shipbuilding on the Kennebec. Manufacturing began in 1837, when a dam was built across the river; the dam was removed in 1999. The capitol building (1829) was designed by Charles Bulfinch but has been considerably enlarged and remodeled. James G. Blaine 's early 19-century home is the governor's mansion. A branch of the Univ. of Maine is there. [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Augusta (state capital) - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus Augusta (state capital) - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus [PAR] American Heritage Dictionary: [PAR] Augusta [PAR] A city of eastern Georgia on the South Carolina border north-northwest of ... | The capital of Maine, in the southwest part of the state on the ... [PAR] (26 of 57 words, 2 definitions, pronunciation) [PAR] Oxford Dictionary: [PAR] Augusta [PAR] a resort in eastern Georgia in the United States; population (with Richmond) 199,486 (2008 estimate). | the state capital of Maine; population 18,282 ... [PAR] (22 of 40 words, 2 definitions, pronunciation) [PAR] Random House Dictionary: [PAR] Augusta [PAR] a city in eastern Georgia, on the Savannah River. Population: 47,532. |"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain James T. Kirk - Star Trek Homepage Star Trek Kirk, James T. [PAR] STARFLEET HISTORICAL FILE: Kirk, James T. [PAR] Mid-level Biography Brief Mode [PAR] Full Name: James Tiberius Kirk [PAR] Date of birth: March 22, 2233 [PAR] Place of birth: Riverside, Iowa, Earth [PAR] Education: Starfleet Academy, 2250-2254 [PAR] Children: One son, David Marcus (2261-2286) [PAR] Date of death: 2293/2371* [PAR] Place of death: Enterprise-B in Nexus/Veridian III* [PAR] Serial number: SC937-0176 CEC [PAR] Quarters: On original Enterprise, Deck 5; on refit/1701-A, Deck 5/Room 0195 [PAR] Starfleet Career Summary [PAR] 2250 \u2014 As a first-year Academy student with ensign rank, assigned to U.S.S. Republic NCC-1371 [PAR] 2254 \u2014 Upon graduation, promoted to lieutenant and posted to U.S.S. Farragut under Capt. Garrovick [PAR] 2264 \u2014 Promoted to captain, in command of U.S.S. Enterprise for five-year mission [PAR] 2266 \u2014 Exonerated in wrongful death charge of Ben Finney , first captain ever to stand trial [PAR] 2269 \u2014 Returned from five-year mission; promoted to admiral in charge of fleet operations at Earth [PAR] 2271 \u2014 Demanded to relieve Capt. Will Decker , his choice as successor for the refit Enterprise, and dealt with V'Ger crisis before beginning second five-year mission [PAR] 2277 \u2014 Accepts appointment to Academy faculty, moves into San Francisco apartment [PAR] 2286 \u2014 Charged, convicted and reduced permanently to captain's rank by the Federation Council for theft of Enterprise a year earlier, after saving Earth from alien onslaught by securing two extinct whales via time-traveling; given command of U.S.S. Enterprise NCC-1701-A [PAR] 2287 \u2014 Explores center of the galaxy with Enterprise-A hijacked by Sybok [PAR] 2293* \u2014 Spearheads initiatives leading to Khitomer Accords and exposes anti-peace conspiracy in Starfleet and Klingon Empire; dies while saving the U.S.S. Enterprise NCC-1701-B from an energy anomaly just minutes after its commissioning ceremony [PAR] 2371 \u2014 Reappears in Nexus long enough to help Captain Jean-Luc Picard save planet Veridian III from destruction in the Nexus [PAR] As much as any other figure in Starfleet history, the tall tales about James T. Kirk's exploits over a 40-year career are as numerous as the official record \u2014 and probably closer to the truth in some instances. Kirk's renown began by becoming the youngest captain in Starfleet to date at 34 and the first captain to bring his starship back relatively intact after a five-year mission, having also gained a reputation as an independent whose success couldn't be argued even though he often bucked the system. He also has the distinction of being involved in 17 different temporal violations, a career record which still stands. [PAR] Kirk's ancestors pioneered the American frontier, and his Midwest roots tied him closely to American history, a lifelong interest. He had an older brother, George Samuel Kirk , although \"Sam\" and his wife Aurelan died at Deneva in 2267; their one son and Kirk's nephew Peter survived them. As a child of 13, Kirk witnessed the massacre of 4,000 people during a famine by the governor of Tarsus IV, nicknamed Kodos the Executioner . [PAR] A romantic at heart, Kirk never formed a lasting, romantic relationship due to his devotion to career \u2014 especially during his captaincy of the U.S.S. Enterprise. He did father a son with Dr. Carol Marcus , David, but was asked to avoid his upbringing and did not know he had matured into a scientific genius until 2285-86, when the young man was killed by Klingons on the Genesis planet he'd help to create. Kirk long grieved for the boy's death, and that he had only a few months to know his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Titanic anniversary: Piecing together story of ship's captain Titanic anniversary: Piecing together story of ship's captain - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Titanic anniversary: Piecing together story of ship's captain [PAR] By Kevin Leonard BBC News [PAR] 15 April 2012 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Titanic captain Edward Smith died when the ship sank [PAR] The actions of the Titanic's captain on its fateful voyage 100 years ago have inspired numerous colourful accounts, but for one man with a closer link to events than most, they will only ever tell part of the story. [PAR] Depending on which version of events you believe, in the time leading up to the ship sinking, Captain Edward Smith may have been heroically rescuing a child, hiding away in his quarters, or just doing his job. [PAR] There are also his celebrated, but possibly apocryphal, last words to his crew: \"Be British\". [PAR] Regardless of fact and fiction, it is fair to say a number of colourful stories have attached themselves to his last hours. [PAR] However, for 39-year-old Spencer Smith, who is related to the captain through his great-grandmother on his father's side, there is another story waiting to be told that may offer a different perspective. [PAR] Mr Smith, who is from Wrexham and now lives in Newtown, Powys, says few details about the captain's life away from the oceans were passed through the family. [PAR] But through family research, he now hopes to find out a different side to the experienced seaman. [PAR] \"It's very emotive for me and I've always felt the same sort of way,\" he said. [PAR] Image caption More than 1,500 people died when the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage [PAR] \"The more you find out about the finer detail, the more you find out about him as a person. [PAR] \"What did he do all day? What was he like as a person?\" [PAR] He is working with his family, particularly his father, to help put more flesh on the bones. [PAR] He hopes the real Captain Smith will emerge, one that may be different from the myths and hyperbole of the Titanic story. [PAR] Mr Smith, an archaeologist with the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, said his family had always told him about the link with Captain Smith. [PAR] \"I was told from a small child who he was - we've always known,\" he said. [PAR] \"All we were told was that we were related. [PAR] \"There was no fuss made about who he was or what he did. He did his job and died doing his job.\" [PAR] Image caption Spencer Smith hopes to discover a different side to his famous relation [PAR] Born in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent in 1850, Captain Smith joined the White Star Shipping Line in 1880 and served aboard the company's freight liners around the world. [PAR] He was chosen to captain the Titanic, which had been labelled practically unsinkable, on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. [PAR] Plenty has been written about his role on the voyage, but unravelling fact from fiction is not always easy. [PAR] What is known is that he was awoken about 20 minutes before midnight on 14 April after the ship hit an iceberg. [PAR] Some historians have said that Smith panicked, isolating himself on the bridge or locking himself away in his quarters while the crisis unfolded around him. [PAR] He has also been criticised for allowing lifeboats to leave the ship only partially filled. [PAR] But there are also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gender Stereotypes in Children 's Television Cartoons Gender Stereotypes in Children's Television Cartoons [PAR] Gender Stereotypes in Children's Television Cartoons [PAR] Kelly Eick, May, 1998 [PAR] [PAR] Abstract [PAR] This study is based on an analysis of four popular television cartoons in regard to their portrayals of gender stereotypes. One of the cartoons was created before 1985, and three after. Over a period of five days, five episodes of each show were recorded and coded for the numbers of male vs. female characters, physical characteristics of characters, and male/female roles in dilemma-solving and stereotyped jobs throughout each program. Results indicated notable discrepancies between the portrayals of males and females in all of the cartoons analyzed. Males outnumbered females considerably, and physical appearances as well as the jobs characters were awarded often conformed to traditional stereotypes. Females never played the part of the main hero or problem solver. In general, they were in supporting roles, even when the males seem to be unsuccessful at fulfilling a particular task. The majority of females shown were also dressed and drawn stereotypically, with tiny waists and short skirts. The males seemed even more confined than the females in regards to the roles they were allowed to play and the way they are dressed. [PAR] [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Former Federal Communications Commissioner Nicholas Johnson once said \"All television is educational; the only question is: what is it teaching?\" (Thompson 1995: 415). Children start watching television from a very early age, about 18 months to two years (Thompson, 1979: 415 )1. Since very young children often have difficulty telling fantasy from reality, they are particularly susceptible to the portrayals of gender types on television, especially cartoons, which make up the majority of children's television viewing between the ages of two and eleven2. Witt found that in addition to the models of behavior provided by parents and peer groups, \"a further reinforcement of acceptable and appropriate behavior is shown to children through the media, in particular, television\"(Witt 1997: 254). Therefore, it can be assumed that children might use the portrayals of males and females in cartoon format as a model for performance of their own genders, in order to assimilate into the norms of their culture. If children do in fact do this, as many studies have shown, then it is important to study the content of those programs children seem to watch most frequently, namely cartoons. Thompson and Zebrinos (1995) coded and analyzed 175 episodes of 41 different cartoons, showing large discrepancies between prominence and portrayal of male and female characters. They noted that, compared to female characters, males were given much more prominence, appeared more frequently, and talked significantly more. [PAR] My study was done in order to test the relevance of the findings of the Thompson and Zebrinos study, as well as to take a closer look at the characters themselves, in terms of physical appearance, physical presence in the cartoons, and gender relations, which was much of the focus of the Thompson and Zebrinos (1995) study. Findings indicate the accuracy of Thompson and Zebrinos (1995, 1997) in regards to a larger male presence in children's television cartoons, but casts some doubt on their conclusions about females being portrayed in easily-defined feminine and matriarchal roles. While males still seem to hold much of the floor in regards to physical appearance, stamina and a more \"go-getter\" attitude, my study also found that many female characters were involved in jobs once dominated by males and had a noticeable involvement in plot resolution. However, many underlying stereotypes still exist in terms of performing gender identity."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birthdays of famous people - wuppertaler-schwebebahn.com Birthdays of famous people [PAR] Birthdays of famous people [PAR] Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, CA. [PAR] Links : [PAR] American dancer and actress [PAR] Rita Hayworth was an American dancer and film actress who achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds top stars. Appearing first as Rita Cansino, she agreed to change her name to Rita Hayworth and her natural dark brown hair color to dark red to attract a greater range of roles. Her appeal led to her being featured on the cover of Life magazine five times, beginning in 1940. Hayworth appeared in a total of 61 films over 37 years. She is one of six women who have the distinction of having danced on screen with both Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly.] She is listed by the American Film Institute as one of the 100 Greatest Stars of All Time. [PAR] Quote: [PAR] I never really thought of myself as a sex goddess; I felt I was more a comedian who could dance.[DOC] [TLE] Rita Hayworth :: Biography (The Love Goddess) :: Gallery Rita Hayworth :: Biography (The Love Goddess) :: Gallery [PAR] James Hill (2 February 1958 - September 1961) (divorced) [PAR] Dick Haymes (24 September 1953 - 12 December 1955) (divorced) [PAR] Prince Aly Khan (27 May 1949 - 26 January 1953) (divorced) 1 daughter Yasmin Khan [PAR] Orson Welles (7 September 1943 - 1 December 1948) (divorced) 1 daughter Rebecca Welles [PAR] Edward C. Judson (29 May 1937 - 24 May 1943) (divorced) [PAR] Died: 14 May 1987 [PAR] Place of Death: New York, USA. (Alzheimer's disease) [PAR] Biography [PAR] Born in 1918 to professional dancers (her father Eduardo Cansino was descended from Spanish Jews), the latin beauty Rita Hayworth made her official movie debut in the 1935 Fox feature Dante's Inferno. Billed under her real name Rita Cansino, she graces the screen for two minutes during an energetic dance sequence with Gary Leon. Before the dance is over, the stage has become engulfed in flames, women are screaming and men are fainting in the aisles. It was an apt start for one of the most explosive of all actresses to ever grace the silver screen! [PAR] However, it was a long haul from Rita Cansino to Rita Hayworth as she had to endure a lengthy apprenticeship in the world of low budget B programmers. [PAR] Her first husband (Ed Judson) engineered the breakthrough as he pushed her through painful electrolysis treatment to alter her hairline, initiated an overblown publicity campaign and had her signed long term to Columbia Pictures under her new name of Rita Hayworth. [PAR] The result of this was the creation of a woman possessing such spectacular beauty that it is little wonder she shone so brilliantly on screen. [PAR] Her first A picture and the point when her career blossomed was the 1939 Howard Hawks movie Only Angels Have Wings. Despite the general approval of her performance, her brief screen appearance shows signs of her own insecurity and shyness. It was in Blood and Sand (1941), her first Technicolor film, that she showed a new facet of her acting - a raw animal grace and poise which no actress has ever come close to equalling. This was no ordinary Do\ufffda Sol and comparing Rita in Charlie Chan in Egypt with Blood and Sand requires at least two double takes!...(scroll down). [PAR] ------- [PAR] Dec. 13: I just love this header poster of Rita in our Orson Welles film poster gallery. Check it out here . [PAR] -------"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) - IMDb Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] A toon-hating detective is a cartoon rabbit's only hope to prove his innocence when he is accused of murder. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 30 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 21 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 18 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 6 days ago [PAR] Title: Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 20 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The scientist father of a teenage girl and boy accidentally shrinks his and two other neighborhood teens to the size of insects. Now the teens must fight diminutive dangers as the father searches for them. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] When Captain Hook kidnaps his children, an adult Peter Pan must return to Neverland and reclaim his youthful spirit in order to challenge his old enemy. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A martial arts master agrees to teach karate to a bullied teenager. [PAR] Director: John G. Avildsen [PAR] A troubled child summons the courage to help a friendly alien escape Earth and return to his home world. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] In order to save their home from foreclosure, a group of misfits set out to find a pirate's ancient valuable treasure. [PAR] Director: Richard Donner [PAR] When two kids find and play a magical board game, they release a man trapped for decades in it and a host of dangers that can only be stopped by finishing the game. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] After a bitter divorce, an actor disguises himself as a female housekeeper to spend time with his children held in custody by his former wife. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] In a desperate attempt to win a basketball match and earn their freedom, the Looney Tunes seek the aid of retired basketball champion, Michael Jordan. [PAR] Director: Joe Pytka [PAR] A troubled boy dives into a wondrous fantasy world through the pages of a mysterious book. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. [PAR] Director: Mel Stuart [PAR] A misfit ant, looking for \"warriors\" to save his colony from greedy grasshoppers, recruits a group of bugs that turn out to be an inept circus troupe. [PAR] Directors: John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton [PAR] Stars: Kevin Spacey, Dave Foley, Julia Louis-Dreyfus [PAR] When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. [PAR] Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker [PAR] Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] 'Toon star Roger is worried that his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tina Turner - Goldeneye Theme Song (James bond - YouTube Tina Turner - Goldeneye Theme Song (James bond : Goldeneye) HD - YouTube [PAR] Tina Turner - Goldeneye Theme Song (James bond : Goldeneye) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 13, 2010 [PAR] Official theme of the movie \"James Bond : Goldeneye\". performed by Tina Turner. [PAR] High Definition."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chancellor of Germany | Current Head of State Chancellor of Germany | Current Head of State [PAR] Chancellor Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany [PAR] Chancellor Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany [PAR] Angela Merkel was sworn in as Chancellor on November 22, 2005. She is the first woman and the first East German to hold this office. Her CV traces her rise from an academic to a political career. [PAR] Born on 17 July 1954 in Hamburg; Protestant, married [PAR] Since November 2005 [PAR] Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany [PAR] 2002 \u2013 2005 [PAR] Chairwoman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the German Bundestag [PAR] Since 2000 [PAR] Chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Union Germany (CDU) [PAR] 1998 \u2013 2000 [PAR] General Secretary of the CDU Germany [PAR] 1994 \u2013 1998 [PAR] Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety [PAR] 1991 \u2013 1994 [PAR] Federal Minister for Women and Youth [PAR] 1993 \u2013 2000 [PAR] Chairwoman of the CDU Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania [PAR] 1991 \u2013 1998 [PAR] Deputy Chairwoman of the CDU [PAR] Since 1990 [PAR] Member of the German Bundestag [PAR] 1990 [PAR] Deputy Government Spokeswoman of the de Maizi\u00e8re Government [PAR] Since 1990 [PAR] Joined the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Member of \u201cDemokratischer Aufbruch\u201d (Democratic Awakening) [PAR] 1986 [PAR] Awarded a doctorate [PAR] 1978 \u2013 1990 [PAR] Member of the academic staff at the Central Institute of Physical Chemistry at the Academy of Sciences [PAR] 1973 \u2013 1978 [PAR] Studied Physics at Leipzig University [PAR] 1973"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clinton, \"I did not have sexual relations with that woman ... Clinton, \"I did not have sexual relations with that woman... - YouTube [PAR] Clinton, \"I did not have sexual relations with that woman... [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 30, 2006 [PAR] Clinton denies the lewinsky affair [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] The price of shame | Monica Lewinsky - Duration: 22:31. TED 5,883,443 views [PAR] 22:31 [PAR] Richard Nixon - \"I'm not a crook\" - Duration: 0:37. Max Power 896,045 views [PAR] 0:37 [PAR] Bill Clinton's 1998 Monica Lewinsky Testimony Complete - Duration: 2:14:03. gatorpics09 119,379 views [PAR] 2:14:03 [PAR] Hillary Clinton's real (rude) self - Duration: 1:38. treeherder12 4,365,828 views [PAR] 1:38 [PAR] I DID NOT HAVE SEXUAL RELATIONS WITH THAT WOMAN - WHOREMONGER: BILL'S, LIST OF SEXUAL VICTIMS - CNN - Duration: 0:10. NextLevelEnt1 4,180 views [PAR] 0:10"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speed Cast List: Actors and Actresses from Speed - Ranker Speed Cast List: Actors and Actresses from Speed [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed [PAR] 1 [PAR] Dennis Hopper Apocalypse Now, Hoosiers, Blue Velvet [PAR] ; [PAR] Keanu Reeves The Matrix, Bram Stoker's Dracula, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure ... [PAR] ; [PAR] James Stewart It's a Wonderful Life, Vertigo, Rear Window [PAR] ; [PAR] Sandra Bullock The Blind Side, Crash, Gravity [PAR] ; [PAR] Jeff Daniels Dumb and Dumber, Speed, Looper [PAR] ; [PAR] Richard Schiff Seven, Man of Steel, Speed [PAR] ; [PAR] Urmila Matondkar Om Shanti Om, Indian, Lajja [PAR] ; [PAR] Joe Morton Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Speed, American Gangster [PAR] ; [PAR] Beth Grant No Country for Old Men, Donnie Darko, Little Miss Sunshine [PAR] ; [PAR] Aftab Shivdasani Om Shanti Om, Deewane Huye Paagal, Mr. India [PAR] ; [PAR] Glenn Plummer Speed, The Day After Tomorrow, Showgirls [PAR] ; [PAR] Rajendranath Zutshi Slumdog Millionaire, Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India, Lakshya [PAR] ; [PAR] Thomas Rosales, Jr. Heat, Ocean's Eleven, Speed [PAR] ; [PAR] Suhasini Mulay Dil Chahta Hai, Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India, Jodhaa Akbar [PAR] ; [PAR] James DuMont The Blues Brothers, Speed, Ocean's Thirteen [PAR] ; [PAR] Sanjay Suri Chalo Ishq Ladaaye, Picture Perfect, Pinjar [PAR] ; [PAR] Amrita Arora Om Shanti Om, Mujhse Shaadi Karogi, Heroes [PAR] ; [PAR] John Capodice Independence Day, Speed, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective [PAR] ; [PAR] Ashwini Kalsekar Phoonk 2, Khakee, Golmaal 3 [PAR] ; [PAR] Zayed Khan Om Shanti Om, Yuvvraaj, I am Here [PAR] ; [PAR] Alan Ruck Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Speed, Twister [PAR] ; [PAR] Beau Starr Goodfellas, Speed, Cinderella Man [PAR] ; [PAR] Rana Morrison The Matrix, Braveheart, Speed [PAR] ; [PAR] Sophie Choudry Vedi, Heyy Babyy, Speed [PAR] ; [PAR] Shyla Stylez Hollywood Sex Wars, Pirates II: Stagnetti's Revenge, Nurses [PAR] ; [PAR] Richard Lineback Natural Born Killers, Speed, Twister [PAR] ; [PAR] Aashish Chaudhary Bhoothnath, Speed, Qayamat: City Under Threat [PAR] ; [PAR] Jordan Lund Speed, The American President, The Bucket List [PAR] ; [PAR] Sandy Martin Napoleon Dynamite, Speed, Seven Psychopaths [PAR] ; [PAR] Susan Barnes Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Scrooged, Speed [PAR] ; [PAR] Patrick Fischler Old School, Speed, Mulholland Drive [PAR] ; [PAR] Hawthorne James Seven, Speed, The Doors [PAR] ; [PAR] Tanushree Dutta 36 China Town, Bhagam Bhag, Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai [PAR] ; [PAR] Carlos Carrasco Speed, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, The Fisher King [PAR] ; [PAR] Craig Hosking Speed, A Perfect World, Space Cowboys [PAR] ; [PAR] Wendy Barrie Dead End, Five Came Back, The Hound of the Baskervilles [PAR] ;[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - Speed (1994) Speed (1994) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A young police officer must prevent a bomb exploding aboard a city bus by keeping its speed above 50 mph. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 13 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 04 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 28 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 08 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Speed \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lion Sleeps Tonight by The Tokens Songfacts The Lion Sleeps Tonight by The Tokens Songfacts [PAR] The Lion Sleeps Tonight by The Tokens Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] The original title was \"Mbube,\" which means \"lion.\" It was a hunting song originally sung in Zulu in what is now Swaziland. [PAR] This was popularized in the 1930s by South African singer Solomon Linda, who recorded it in 1939 with his group, The Evening Birds. Apparently they were a bold bunch, and got the idea for this from when they used to chase lions who were going after the cattle owned by their families. [PAR] This was recorded in South Africa, where it was a big hit. Around 1948, the South African record company sent a copy to Decca Records in the US, hoping to get it distributed there. Folk singer Pete Seeger got a hold of it and started working on an English version. [PAR] In the 1950s, Miriam Makeba recorded this with the Zulu lyrics, and Pete Seeger recorded it with his band, The Weavers (who dominated the charts with \"Goodnight Irene\"). The Weavers recorded the refrain of the song (no verses) and called it \"Wimoweh.\" Their version hit #15 on the US Best Sellers charts in 1952. In 1957, it was included on, The Weavers At Carnegie Hall, a very popular album in the world of folk music. [PAR] Seeger thought they were saying \"Wimoweh\" on the original, and that's what he wrote down and how it was recorded in English. They were actually saying \"Uyimbube,\" which means \"You're a Lion.\" It was misheard for \"Wimeoweh\" because when pronounced, Uyimbube sounds like: oo-yim-bweh-beh. [PAR] Hank Medress, Jay Siegel, and Phil and Mitch Margo, who made up The Tokens, had a Top 15 hit \"Tonight I Fell in Love\" in 1960, but didn't have a record label in 1961. They auditioned for producers Hugo and Luigi (Peretti and Creatore) by singing \"Wimoweh\" to them. Hugh and Luigi were impressed by the performance but decided that the song needed new lyrics. With help from George Weiss, Hugo and Luigi rewrote the song, giving it the title \"The Lion Sleeps Tonight.\" The Tokens thought this had been nothing more than an elaborate audition - \"Who is gonna buy a song about a lion sleeping\" was their general sentiment. They were so embarrassed with the new title and lyrics that they fought the release of the recording (it was scheduled to be the B-side of another \"import,\" a Portuguese song that they recorded in the same May 1961 session, \"Tina\"). [PAR] Influential disc jockey Murray the K pushed \"Tina,\" but once a New England DJ started playing the B-side on the air, \"The Lion Sleeps Tonight\" started its climb to the #1 position, hitting the top of the charts in the Christmas holidays of 1961-62. [PAR] The run at #1 for \"The Lion Sleeps Tonight\" was interrupted by a unique event: the return to #1 by Chubby Checker's \"The Twist\" 17 months after it hit the top spot on the Hot 100 for the first time. [PAR] The Kingston Trio recorded this in 1959 on their Live From The Hungry i LP. When introducing the song, singer Dave Guard stated that \"Mbube\" was a song about a sleeping lion (he doesn't refer to the song by name: he gives the background of the song before the Trio sings it). Part of the translated lyrics, as given by Guard: \"Hush! Hush! If we all be quiet, there will be lion meat for dinner.\" [PAR] The success of \"The Lion Sleeps Tonight\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiger Woods - McGill University School of Computer Science Tiger Woods [PAR] Tiger Woods [PAR] 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) [PAR] Weight [PAR] 185 pounds (84 kg /13.2 st) [PAR] Nationality [PAR] Sam Alexis (age - &&&&&&&&&&&&035911 months 24 days) [PAR] Residence [PAR] 84 (PGA Tour: 61, Other individual: 21, 2-man team: 2) [PAR] Major Championship Wins (13) [PAR] (4) 1999, 2000, 2006, 2007 [PAR] Awards listed here [PAR] Tiger Woods (born Eldrick Tiger Woods, December 30, 1975 ) is an American professional golfer whose achievements to date rank him among the most successful golfers of all time. Currently the World No. 1, Woods was the highest paid professional athlete in 2006, having earned an estimated $100 million from winnings and endorsements. Golf Digest predicts Woods will become the world's first billionaire athlete in 2010. [PAR] Woods has won 13 professional major golf championships, the second-most of any male player, and 61 PGA Tour events, the fifth-most of all time. He has more career major wins and career PGA Tour wins than any other active golfer. He is the youngest player to achieve the Career Grand Slam, and the youngest and fastest to win 50 tournaments on Tour. Woods has held the number one position in the world rankings for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks. He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record nine times, the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times, and has tied Jack Nicklaus's record of leading the money list in eight different seasons. He has been named Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year four times, a record he shares with Lance Armstrong . [PAR] Woods, who is multiracial, is credited with prompting a major surge of interest in the game of golf. Woods doubled attendance and TV ratings, and generated interest among a multicultural audience in a game that used to be considered insular and elitist. [PAR] Background and family [PAR] Eldrick \"Tiger\" Woods was born on December 30, 1975 in Cypress, California to Earl and Kultida Woods (from Thailand ). He is the only child of their marriage but has two half-brothers, Earl Jr. (born 1955) and Kevin (born 1957), and one half-sister, Royce (born 1958) from the 18-year marriage of Earl Woods (1932\u20132006) and his first wife, Barbara Woods Gray. Earl, a retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran was of mixed African American (50 percent), Chinese (25 percent) and Native American (25 percent) ancestry. Kultida ( nee Punsawad), originally from Thailand , is of mixed Thai (50 percent), Chinese (25 percent), and Dutch (25 percent) ancestry. This makes Woods himself one-quarter Chinese, one quarter Thai, one quarter African American, one-eighth Native American, and one-eighth Dutch. He refers to his ethnic make-up as \u201cCablinasian\u201d (a portmanteau term he coined from Caucasian, Black, American-Indian, and Asian). Woods is a Buddhist . He has said that his faith was acquired from his mother and that it helps control both his stubbornness and impatience. [PAR] Tiger got his nickname from a Vietnamese soldier friend of his father, Vuong Dang Phong, to whom his father had also given the Tiger nickname. Woods became generally known by that name and by the time he had achieved national prominence in junior and amateur golf was simply known as \"Tiger Woods.\" On his twenty-first birthday, Woods legally changed his name from from Eldrick to Tiger. He grew up in Orange County, attending high school at Western High in Anaheim. [PAR] Marriage [PAR] In November 2003 , Woods became engaged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bald Eagle | National Bird - State Symbols USA Bald Eagle | National Bird [PAR] National Bird [PAR] A curious bald eagle; official national bird of the United States (licensed image from BigStockPhoto ). All State Birds [PAR] American Bald Eagle; . Photo by [file:field-file-photographer]/ [file:field-file-source] ([file:field-file-license]). [PAR] Official National Bird of the USA [PAR] The American bald eagle was adopted as the national bird symbol of the United States of America in 1782. The bald eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) was chosen for its majestic beauty, great strength, long life, and because it's native to North America. All State Birds [PAR] Bald Eagle Facts [PAR] In the wild, a bald eagle will live 30-35 years (up to 50 years in captivity). A full-grown bald eagle has a wingspan up to 7 feet. They can fly up to 30 miles an hour and dive at 100 miles an hour! Eagles feed primarily on fish, supplemented by small mammals, waterfowl, and carrion. [PAR] Eagles mate for life, and an established pair will use the same nest for many years. Over time some nests become enormous; they can reach a diameter of 9 feet and weigh as much as 2 tons! The female lays 2 or 3 eggs and both parents share incubation and guard them diligently against predators (such as squirrels, gulls and ravens). While the chicks are small, the parents move about the nest with their talons balled up into fists to avoid harming them. [PAR] Conservation Status [PAR] In 1782 there were between 25,000 and 75,000 birds in the lower 48 states alone. But farmers considered bald eagles vermin and shot them on sight. As people started moving west, much of the nesting territories and food sources of the eagle diminished. By the late 1800's, eagles were becoming very scarce. [PAR] In 1940 the Bald Eagle Act was passed and eagle populations began to recover. But pesticides were starting to be used extensively about this same time. Plants sprayed with DDT were eaten by small animals, which in turn were eaten by eagles. Both the adult birds and their eggs were affected. The eggshells were too thin to withstand incubation and were crushed (or simply did not hatch). Large quantities of DDT were found in the fatty tissues of dead eagles, and by 1963 their numbers had fallen to a mere 417 nesting pairs. [PAR] The Endangered Species Acts of 1966 and 1978 helped to protect the bird, but banning of DDT in 1972 was the most effective in the bald eagle's recovery. By the year 2000 the US Fish & Wildlife Service proposed that the eagle be declared fully recovered, and the Department of Interior took the American bald eagle off the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened on June 28, 2007. [PAR] National (U.S.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hornet - Norfolk Wildlife Trust Hornet - Norfolk Wildlife Trust [PAR] Hornet [PAR] Update: 18 January 2017 Following the flooding a... [PAR] Features [PAR] Hornet at its nest, Hickling NNR, Adam Pimble 1/2 [PAR] Hornet, Horstead, Neville Yardy 2/2 [PAR] Hornet Vespa crabro [PAR] The hornet is Britain\u2019s largest social wasp measuring up to 35mm long \u2013 its size alone ensures it cannot be mistaken for any other wasp. Like the common wasp, it is striped but, instead of being black and yellow, it has chestnut-brown and yellowy-orange stripes. The head consists of stout antennae, two \u2018c\u2019 shaped eyes and three round simple eyes. [PAR] Conservation status [PAR] This is a generally peaceful, non-aggressive species. It is not currently threatened. [PAR] Details [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] Hornets are the largest eusocial wasps; some species can reach up to 55 mm (2.2 in) in length. [PAR] How to recognise [PAR] The hornet is easily Identifiable by its large size (being Britian's largest social wasp - up to 35mm long). Like the common wasp, it is striped, but, instead of being black and yellow, it has brown and yellow stripes. The head consists of stout antennae, two \u2018c\u2019 shaped eyes and three round simple eyes. The hornet usually nests in hollow trees and wall cavities, building with very brittle yellowish paper. Although it has a powerful sting it tends to be less aggressive than our other wasps. [PAR] Where to see [PAR] Hornets in Britain are found predominately in the south; however they are spreading northwards. They favour wooded areas, building their papery nests in hollow trees. The habitat must have a plentiful supply of insects, which are the main food for both adults and larvae. At NWT Foxley Wood , hornets have taken advantage of some of the bat boxes that have been put up. However, these often prove to be too small for the hornet colony and they will often have to build a second nest and relocate the colony to a new site. [PAR] When to see [PAR] In spring, usually May, the queen emerges from hibernation and begins to build her papery nest. The queen lays eggs which hatch into smaller (18-25mm ) sterile female workers. When 5-10 workers have emerged, the queen will leave the nest building and food collecting to them, and will concentrate on laying more eggs. On calm, warm nights worker hornets may be seen foraging for food. Later in the summer males (measuring 21-28mm) and fertile females hatch. On a warm day, the males and fertile females swarm from the nest and mate. As the weather becomes cooler in October/November, the newly mated female hibernates, and, if she survives, she will become the new queen the following spring. The males, the old queen and the workers all die. [PAR] Find out more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tony Hatch on Apple Music - iTunes Tony Hatch on Apple Music [PAR] To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Although Tony Hatch had success in various segments of the entertainment industry from the '60s onwards, he'll be best remembered for his work as a producer and songwriter for several British pop and rock stars in the '60s. As a staff producer at Pye Records, Hatch worked with the Searchers, Petula Clark, his wife, Jackie Trent, and on several mid-'60s singles by David Bowie, long before that singer had become famous. Hatch's productions boasted a clean and well-arranged sound that, particularly on his collaborations with Petula Clark, displayed some traces of mainstream pop and Broadway. Hatch started notching up successes as a songwriter in the early '60s, including Garry Mills' \"Look for a Star.\" His most significant role in straight British rock music was as producer during the Searchers' 1963-1966 commercial prime, a span which saw them ring up all of their big hits. The Searchers' records boasted well-balanced vocal harmonies and melodic guitars, sometimes played on 12-string models, that at their most progressive anticipated the jangle that would become a prime feature of folk-rock. Hatch also wrote their second British hit single, \"Sugar and Spice,\" under the pseudonym Fred Nightingale. Hatch left his biggest imprint, however, on the big international hits by Petula Clark in the mid-'60s. These had enough mod swing to sell to a rock audience, but also enough show-bizzy horns and theatrical-type piano to bring in older listeners. The arrangements had a grand sweep that recalled stage musicals. In addition to producing, Hatch was vital to Clark as a songwriter, supplying, either as sole author or co-writer (sometimes with Clark herself), much of her best material: \"Downtown,\" \"My Love,\" \"I Know a Place,\" \"Call Me,\" and \"A Sign of the Times,\" to name just the most celebrated examples, are all Hatch compositions. Hatch also deserves a good deal of credit for putting Clark in the international spotlight to begin with. In 1964, Clark was on the verge of giving up on maintaining her stardom in England, in favor of focusing her efforts on France (where she was very big, and often recorded in the French language). Hatch went to France to play her some songs to consider recording for the English-speaking market, and wasn't able to come up with anything Petula liked until, out of desperation, he played a composition influenced by American soul, although he didn't think Clark was a suitable artist for it. This was, of course, \"Downtown; \" Clark loved it, recorded it, and her career revived in England, the single also becoming her first American hit. Hatch had a fair amount of success with a singer/songwriter who somewhat recalled Petula Clark, but who was even more in the mainstream pop realm, Jackie Trent. Trent and Hatch also began writing together, getting a number one British hit with \"Where Are You Now (My Love)\" in 1965. The Hatch-Trent songwriting team couldn't come up with other big British hits for Trent, but did pen some hits for Clark, such as \"Colour My World\" and \"Don't Sleep in the Subway.\" Moody balladeer Scott Walker had a British hit with Hatch-Trent's \"Joanna.\" Hatch also recorded some duets with Trent and made some instrumental recordings under his own name, which gathered some belated hipness when they were included on some CD compilations geared toward the lounge revival crowd. Hatch had a small part in David Bowie's early career, producing three singles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tottenham Hospur || New challenge || Season Promo || 2014 ... Tottenham Hospur || New challenge || Season Promo || 2014/2015 || HD || - YouTube [PAR] Tottenham Hospur || New challenge || Season Promo || 2014/2015 || HD || [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 15, 2014 [PAR] Tottenham Hospur || New challenge || Season Promo || 2014/2015 || HD [PAR] Music:Mako - Our Story [PAR] Please like Comment & Subscribe [PAR] Tottenham Hotspur Football Club /\u02c8t\u0252t(\u0259)n\u0259m/,[2][3] commonly referred to as Spurs, is an English football club located in Tottenham, London, that plays in the Premier League. The club's home stadium is White Hart Lane. Its newly developed training ground is in Bulls Cross on the northern borders of the London Borough of Enfield. [PAR] Founded in 1882, Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901, making it the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League. Tottenham was the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double, winning both competitions in the 1960\u201361 season. After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962, in 1963 it became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition \u2013 the European Cup Winners' Cup.[4] In 1967 it won the FA Cup for a third time in the 1960s. In the 1970s Tottenham won the League Cup on two occasions and was the inaugural winner of the UEFA Cup in 1972, becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies. In the 1980s Spurs won several trophies: the FA Cup twice, FA Community Shield and the UEFA Cup in 1984. In the 1990s the club won the FA Cup and the League Cup. When it won the League Cup once more in 2008, it meant that it had won a major trophy in each of the last six decades \u2013 an achievement only matched by Manchester United. [PAR] The club's Latin motto is Audere est Facere (lit: \"To Dare Is to Do\"), and its emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football. The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby neighbours Arsenal, with head-to-head fixtures known as the North London derby. [PAR] \"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.\" [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Till Death Us Do Part (TV Series 1965\u20131975) - IMDb Till Death Us Do Part (TV Series 1965\u20131975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Till Death Us Do Part [PAR] 40min [PAR] A working-class Cockney bigot with a biased and expirienced opinion of everything shares them bluntly and almost carelessly. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] In line with his Tory leader Heath's declaration Alf is now working a three day week but is appalled to find Else is doing the same and she has not cooked him a dinner. This leads to her commenting ... [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] While boozing in the pub racist Alf makes Gran laugh by ridiculing the Pakistani, 'Paki-Paddy' who is drinking at the bar, but the laughter ceases when she tells him the strangely half-Irish, ... [PAR] 8.0 [PAR] Gran is very ill and Else is very concerned, while Alf is uncaring, they both visit the sick old lady. Alf believing Gran is not long for this world takes her dead husbands pocket-watch for himself, ... [PAR] 7.7 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 05 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: Till Death Us Do Part (1965\u20131975) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Alf and Elsie are getting old, Rita's left home, Elsie's confined to a wheelchair. Alf must now do battle with the Social Security system. [PAR] Stars: Warren Mitchell, Carmel McSharry, Arthur English [PAR] Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. But Harold, who likes the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Cliff Owen [PAR] BBC Television comedy detailing the fortunes of Reginald Iolanthe Perrin. Disillusioned after a long career at Sunshine Desserts, Perrin goes through a mid-life crisis and fakes his own ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Pauline Yates, John Barron [PAR] Terry is divorced from his German wife and has a Finnish girlfriend Christina. At Thelma's suggestion they join her and Bob on a caravan holiday but due to a mishap the men get separated ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Michael Tuchner [PAR] Bless This House centres on life in Birch Avenue, Putney, where travelling stationery salesman Sid Abbott (Sidney James) and his wife Jean (Diana Coupland) live with their teenagers: Mike (... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Sidney James, Diana Coupland, Sally Geeson [PAR] The adventures of two \"likely lads\" ostensibly set in the North East of England (but filmed in Willesden Junction, London). Terry and Bob have been friends since childhood. Bob is the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Don McKillop [PAR] Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spitting Image (TV Series 1984\u20131996) - IMDb Spitting Image (TV Series 1984\u20131996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A satire show using puppets that are charicatures of major public figures. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 21 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 12 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 16 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 01 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Spitting Image \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Spitting Image (1984\u20131996) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] BBC sketch show that while continuing to show the misadventures of a series of popular characters now also introduces a slew of new oddballs and misfits for us to enjoy including Tory Boy and The Lovely Wobbly Randy Old Ladies. [PAR] Stars: Harry Enfield, Kathy Burke, Paul Whitehouse [PAR] Popular BBC sketch show that introduces a whole host of memorable characters such as Tim-Nice-But-Dim, Wayne and Waynetta Slob, The Old Gits and teenagers Kevin and Perry. The show spawned a slew of spin-off series and films. [PAR] Stars: Harry Enfield, Paul Whitehouse, Kathy Burke [PAR] British sketch comedy starring the likes of Rowan Atkinson and Mel Smith. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Pamela Stephenson, Mel Smith [PAR] Mel Smith and Griff Rhys-Jones present a series of short (often tasteless, always scathing) sketches about modern life and the stupidity and gullibility of those who believe in it. [PAR] Stars: Mel Smith, Griff Rhys Jones, Geoffrey McGivern [PAR] Comedy panel quiz show on the theme of sport. [PAR] Stars: Nick Hancock, Rory McGrath, David Gower [PAR] UK comedy sketch show depicting most forms of stereotypical mid-90's British society. [PAR] Stars: Paul Whitehouse, Charlie Higson, Arabella Weir [PAR] Gordon Brittas is the manager of the Whitbury-Newtown Leisure Centre. Despite his ambition and good intentions, everything seems to go wrong when he's around, despite the best efforts of ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Chris Barrie, Harriet Thorpe, Michael Burns [PAR] In the never ending, high tech war against crime, Detective Constables Bob Louis and David Briggs are the Scud missiles of the police arsenal of intuition, hunches and inspired guesses... ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jasper Carrott, Robert Powell, George Sewell [PAR] BBC Television comedy detailing the fortunes of Reginald Iolanthe Perrin. Disillusioned after a long career at Sunshine Desserts, Perrin goes through a mid-life crisis and fakes his own ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Pauline Yates, John Barron [PAR] A bunch of lads have a right good time [PAR] Stars: Vic Reeves, Bob Mortimer, Ulrika Jonsson [PAR] Political satire about a TV news company. [PAR] Stars: Neil Pearson, Jeff Rawle, David Swift"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shari Lewis Puppets | eBay Shari Lewis Puppets | eBay [PAR] Shari Lewis Puppets [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] This baby doll puppet was part of my mom's doll collection. Shari's Baby: Teach Baby to Talk. Baby Puppet with Blanket. This doll has been on display, but has not been played with. It comes from a smo... [PAR] $11.70 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Shari Lewis. Lamb Chop and 2 Charlie the Horse Puppets. lamb chop: 5\" X 8\". horse: 6\" X 11\". horse: 5.5\" X 10\". Classic children's entertainer!all the rubber faces have some areas of rubbing and tiny ..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ images about Muppets on Pinterest | The muppets ... 1000+ images about Muppets on Pinterest | The residents, The muppets and Crossover [PAR] Forward [PAR] Dr. Bunsen Honeydew is the resident scientist on The Muppet Show, and host of the Muppet Labs sketches. Bunsen is always eager to show off his latest scientific discovery, but his excitement about progress tends to render him short-sighted. Beaker usually ends up being harmed by Dr. Honeydew's inventions. Bunsen Honeydew's name comes from the scientific instrument called the Bunsen burner, and the shape of his head, which looks like a honeydew melon. Bunsen's inventions have included a\u2026 [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sooty - tititudorancea.net Sooty [PAR] S [PAR] Sooty [PAR] Sooty is a British glove puppet and TV character popular in the United Kingdom, Ireland , Australia , New Zealand and other countries. The children's television show which bears his name has continued in various forms since the 1950s and, according to the Guinness Book of Records, is the longest-running children's programme in the UK. He was 60 years old on 19 July 2008 and, as this was close to Nelson Mandela 's 90th birthday, Sooty sent him a birthday message. [PAR] Sooty was originally devised by Harry Corbett (nephew of fish and chip shop chain owner Harry Ramsden), who bought the puppet as a present for his son, Matthew Corbett, from a stall when he was on holiday in Blackpool in 1948. Sooty, a small yellow bear with black ears, is mute to the audience but can communicate with his operator by apparently whispering in his ear. He was featured on BBC TV from 1952. [PAR] The original bear was completely yellow, and Harry covered his ears and nose with soot so that he would show up better on black and white television - hence the puppet's name. He would later be joined by other puppet characters Sweep (a dog who communicates by a saxophone reed type squeak), Soo (a shy and sweetly spoken panda), Kipper (a cat), Butch (another dog who occasionally plays the part of a villain), Ramsbottom (a snake), 'Enry the Robot (a robot), Cousin Scampi (another bear), Miki (another cat - this time, novelly, Brazilian) and Maggie Mouse (a mouse). Following Harry Corbett's retirement, Sooty was operated by his son Matthew, and enjoyed a new wave of popularity. [PAR] Sooty's personality fluctuates between kindness, cheekiness, and downright naughtiness, very often misinterpreting things said or suggested by Harry, Matthew or Soo (possibly intentionally). He plays the xylophone and keeps a wand with which he performs magic. This is accompanied by the catchphrase \"Izzy wizzy, let's get busy!\" His water pistol is also an icon - Matthew usually on the end of a soaking, although even royalty have fallen foul of the water. Matthew carried on Harry's tradition of ending every show with the line \"Bye bye everybody, bye bye\", and in Matthew's last ever episode, his final scene was a collection of him saying the immortal words over the preceding years. [PAR] In the late nineties, Matthew Corbett retired, marking the end of Sooty and Co. (based around the idea of the Sooty gang running a shop that \"sells almost everything\") and essentially gifted Sooty to then co-star Richard Cadell, who presented the show through another five series, at first under the name Sooty Heights, then under the name, Sooty, both set at a hotel. He was joined in these by two female co-hosts, starting with Liana Bridges from 1999-2000 who worked in Sooty and Co. in the same period he did, and then Vicki Lee Taylor from 2001-2003, who had previously worked on The Queen's Nose. [PAR] Sooty is frequently shown on the CITV Channel in the UK, usually weekdays at 3pm. [PAR] In June 2008, it was announced that Richard Cadell had bought the rights to Sooty, having been put up for sale by HIT Entertainment in October 2007. Plans for three new TV show formats are underway, with a reworking of one of Matthew Corbett's stage shows due to tour early next year. [PAR] Sooty also had a one-off animated cartoon series in the mid-'90s titled Sooty's Amazing Adventures. It featured Sooty, Sweep, Soo & Little Cousin Scampi living in an old"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] jack and Jill | The Haunted Palace jack and Jill | The Haunted Palace [PAR] The Haunted Palace [PAR] ~ History, Reviews and the Supernatural [PAR] Search: [PAR] \u2248 1 Comment [PAR] Tags [PAR] Abbot Whiting , Alexander Pope , Ambrose Philips , baa baa black sheep , Bloody Mary , dissolution of the monasteries , french revolution , Glastonbury Abbey , great wool tax , jack , jack and Jill , Kitty Fisher , knave , Little Jack Horner , Lucy Locket , nursery rhymes , origins , Richard Whiting , thomas horner [PAR] Image: public domain(?) [PAR] We all grow up learning nursery rhymes but how many of us know of the darker, underlying meanings behind some of our most popular and seemingly innocent poems. I remember asking my mother to sing \u201cSeesaw Margery Daw, Johnny shall have a new master, He shall earn but a penny a day, Because he can\u2019t work any faster\u201d not knowing that we were actually laughing about child slave labour in workhouses [1] . [PAR] Nowadays we have only to open up a newspaper or turn on the television to be confronted with images or articles on social inequality, religious intolerance or political discontent but go back six hundred years and it was a whole different ballgame. It is nearly impossible to stop people from venting their grievances especially when faced with deep injustice but fear of the consequences did shape how they expressed them. One such way was through the composition of punchy verses which on the surface seemed nonsensical but which often contained hidden or barely veiled criticism of prominent figures or institutions which if expressed openly could have had serious repercussions for the teller such as loss of status, property, goods, freedom or life. [PAR] Nursery rhymes also served another purpose, the catchy tunes were easy to remember and enabled a largely illiterate population to learn and pass on stories from generation to generation creating and expanding an important oral tradition. [PAR] Ballad singer. image source unknown. [PAR] The meanings of some nursery rhymes were ascribed in the nineteenth century; others have verified historical roots whilst the origins of many have been lost due to the passage of time. Despite the disputed background of some of the rhymes, what is not in doubt is that nursery rhymes are one of the most fascinating but neglected body of work in the English language. [PAR] Sinister undertones: A look at four nursery rhymes [PAR] Ba Ba Black Sheep [PAR] Bah, Bah, a black Sheep, [PAR] Have you any Wool? [PAR] One for the Little Boy [PAR] That lives in the lane [PAR] (First written version known from Tommy Thumb\u2019s Pretty Song Book, c.1744) [PAR] Image by Dorothy M Wheeler 1916. Via Wikimedia. [PAR] This popular nursery rhyme has suffered a bit of a black lash in recent times. In the 80s and 90s the rhyme was under attack by critics who accused it of having racist connotations. Despite the rhyme\u2019s supporters calling it political correctness gone mad, many groups jumped on the bandwagon insisting that the word \u2018black\u2019 should be replaced with other adjectives such as little, big, hopping, pink and happy [2] . [PAR] In actual fact the poem has no connections with racism at all but is believed to refer to the Great Wool Tax of 1275 which saw the crown for the first time implement a taxation system on what had been up to that point free trade. Wool was probably the most important commodity exported in England at that time and the tax would have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Miracle (album) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Miracle (album) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on The Miracle (album) [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] This article is about the Queen album. For other albums with similar titles, see Miracle (disambiguation) . [PAR] The Miracle [PAR] May 22, 1989 [PAR] Recorded [PAR] January 1988 - January 1989 at Olympic Studios and Townhouse Studios, London, England, and Mountain Studios, Montreux, Switzerland [PAR] \" The Miracle \" [PAR] Released: November 27, 1989 [PAR] The Miracle is a 1989 album by British rock band Queen . It was the band's twelfth studio album , recorded as the band recovered from guitarist Brian May's marital problems and vocalist Freddie Mercury's HIV diagnosis (which was, though confessed to the band, not publicised at the time). [PAR] The album was originally going to be called \"The Invisible Man\", but three weeks before the release, according to Roger Taylor , they decided to change the name to The Miracle. The striking cover art utilised then cutting-edge image-manipulation technology to combine photographs of the familiar faces of the four band members into one morphed gestalt image, in line with their decision to dispense with individual credits and simply present their music as the product of Queen the entity; the back cover went a step further with a seamless regiment of the bands' eyes. The album reached #1 in the UK , in Austria , Germany , in the Netherlands and Switzerland , and 24 on the American Billboard 200 chart. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Party [PAR] \"Party\" began as a jam session between Freddie Mercury, Brian May and John Deacon. Mercury was at the piano and he started off the \"we had a good night\" section. From then on the three of them worked together and completed it. This is the only track which can truly be seen as a 'Queen' track in the sense that all the rest were written by sole members - but nevertheless credited to Queen. [PAR] Khashoggi's Ship [PAR] \"Khashoggi's Ship\" was also mostly created by Mercury, with all four of them contributing to the lyrics. The song is about infamous billionaire Adnan Khashoggi and a ship (the Nabila, now Kingdom 5KR ) that he owned at the time and was one of the largest private yachts in the world. On the album, this track flows seamlessly from 'Party', to which it has a very similar lyrical theme. The song served as the reference to the name of the Khashoggi character in the We Will Rock You musical. [PAR] The Miracle [PAR] Main article: The Miracle (song) [PAR] \"The Miracle\" is one of Mercury's most complex songs from his last years (the chords for which he co-wrote with Deacon). It is one of Brian May's favourites. The entire band contributed with lyrical and some musical ideas and Mercury played piano as well as many synth-tracks, using a Korg M1 . [PAR] I Want It All [PAR] Main article: I Want It All [PAR] \"I Want It All\" was composed by Brian May in 1987 . On the Greatest Video Hits II DVD, Brian May commented that the song was inspired by his 2nd wife, Anita Dobson 's favourite motto, \"I Want it All, and I Want"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Rescue International Rescue [PAR] This is it \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd the things that come out of Thunderbird 2\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds pods. Thanks go to Marc J. Frattasio, who allows that to go on this site, as it is non-commercial. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The International Rescue pod vehicles. How many people tuned in to Thunderbirds on a regular basis in anticipation of what surprise would come out of Thunderbird 2's pod? Thunderbird 2 was the only International Rescue craft to appear in all episodes of Thunderbirds and just about every episode featured some wonderful machine that emerged from the giant transporters pod. TB1 through TB5 may have received \"star\" billing but more often than not it was a pod vehicle that accomplished the actual rescue! [PAR] The pod vehicles were sophisticated rescue machines. For the most part, each machine was designed to accomplish a specific type of rescue. Beyond this specific built-in purpose, each machine was of limited versatility. Thus, International Rescue's large stable of pod vehicles. [PAR] And now, the International Rescue pod vehicles... [PAR] The High Speed Elevator Cars [PAR] Four High Speed Elevator Cars were featured in the first Thunderbirds episode, \"Trapped in the Sky\". These vehicles were designed to safely land aircraft that have malfunctioning landing gear. The Elevator Cars are powerful six axle trucks with large spring loaded platforms on top. In practice, a stricken aircraft can land on top of an array of High Speed Elevator Cars speeding down a runway and be brought safely to a stop. [PAR] The High Speed Elevator Cars are seen emerging from Pod #3. [PAR] Two different sized High Speed Elevator Car studio miniatures were constructed for use in Thunderbirds. At least two, representing a manned master unit and a radio controlled drone, were constructed in the standard \"pod vehicle scale\" of 1/24th (about 19 inches long) for use in close ups and scenes of the vehicles emerging from the large scale TB2 pod set. Please note that this was the standard model automobile scale in use in the USA at that time. Three smaller scale models were built for use in scenes with a FireFlash nuclear powered airliner miniature. [PAR] Remember the smoking brakes and exploding tires? Titanium Tetrachloride, a really corrosive and toxic chemical that smokes spontaneously in contact with the air was used to produce the brake smoking effect. The tires were blown out using electrical explosive detonator squibs. [PAR] Check out that scene showing the radio controlled High Speed Elevator Car going crazy and crashing into a hastily put together model airliner during the first FireFlash landing attempt! This started off as an accident that looked so cool in rushes that Gerry Anderson decided to build a little scene around it. What happened was that a front control wire broke during filming on the rolling road and the miniature pod vehicle was dramatically thrown across the stage as seen on film! [PAR] Simple High Speed Elevator Car kits were included with Bandai and Imai's standard TB2 model kits first available during the 1960s and then reissued in the 80s and 90s. A more sophisticated model kit was available as a Furuta Thunderbirds Part 3 candy premium. Toy versions were included with Bandai's recent DX Thunderbird 2, their boxed die cast metal TB2 with 11 pod vehicle gift set, and their \"System Up\" accessory set for the separately purchased die cast metal TB2. [PAR] The Recovery Vehicles [PAR] International Rescue owns two Recovery Vehicles that were featured in \"Pit of Peril\". The Recovery Vehicles are tracked yellow/orange craft that can tow distressed vehicles out of danger by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dirty Harry - Internet Movie Firearms Database - Guns in ... Dirty Harry - Internet Movie Firearms Database - Guns in Movies, TV and Video Games [PAR] WARNING! THIS PAGE CONTAINS SPOILERS! [PAR] Handguns [PAR] Smith & Wesson Model 29 [PAR] The now iconic revolver carried by Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan ( Clint Eastwood ) in the film is a Smith & Wesson Model 29 , chambered in .44 Magnum. As the script originally called for a S&W Model 29 with a 4\" barrel, this eventually proved troublesome for the filmmakers, since the Model 29 was no longer in production at the time. Before shooting began, Eastwood contacted Bob Sauer (then a representative for Smith & Wesson) to acquire the gun for the film. It was a challenge, but Fred Miller at the plant had a couple assembled from parts eventually. To better familiarize himself with the weapon's handling and recoil, Eastwood took one to a gun range and fired live rounds through it. Unlike the gun in the script, the only barrels acquired for the guns in this film were the 8 3/8\" barrel and the 6 1/2\" barrel. Both can be seen used in some scenes. The blanks it fired were custom made since the 5-in-1 blank didn't fit the chambers. It is said scriptwriter John Milius was presented with one of the actual guns used in the film as a gift later on. [PAR] As for Harry's line in the film about the .44 Magnum being \"the most powerful handgun in the world\", one should note that even in the 1970s, the .44 Remington Magnum cartridge had been eclipsed in size and power by the .454 Casull round, however, the first widely available commercially sold revolver chambered for the .454 Casull would not come for another ten years, so his statement for the time frame is accurate. [PAR] Smith & Wesson Model 29 revolver with 8 3/8\" barrel - .44 Magnum [PAR] Smith & Wesson Model 29 with 6 1/2\" barrel - .44 Magnum [PAR] \"Halt!\" [PAR] Insp. Harry Callahan levels his Smith & Wesson 29 on robbers. It was hard to get a shot where he didn't look bad because he has a mouthful of hotdog. [PAR] Insp. Callahan checks his leg wound after being hit by a shotgun's birdshot. What's funny is that there are no holes in his pants and the \"blood\" appears to be red paint. [PAR] \"I know what you're thinking. 'Did he fire six shots or only five?' Well, to tell the truth, in all this excitement, I've kinda lost track myself. But being as this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world and would blow your head clean off, you better ask yourself one question: 'Do I feel lucky?' Well, do ya punk?\" [PAR] Close up of Callahan's Smith & Wesson. [PAR] Callahan shows the punk he had indeed fired six shots. He cocks the hammer. [PAR] Due to continuity error, this alternate angle shows him pull the trigger in double action. [PAR] Callahan aims his S&W at the Scorpio Killer in the football field. [PAR] Callahan lowers his Smith & Wesson when Scorpio holds a little boy hostage but swings it back up to wound him and release the boy. [PAR] Scorpio staring down the muzzle of Callahan's Smith & Wesson Model 29 . Note the barrel that clearly reads '44 MAGNUM'. [PAR] Callahan repeats his famous line as Scorpio tries to decide if he had fired six shots, or only five. [PAR] Walther P38 [PAR] The Liquor Store Owner ( James Nolan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stanley Kirk Burrell - Mc Hammer Net Worth Stanley Kirk Burrell - Mc Hammer Net Worth [PAR] Stanley Kirk Burrell [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Mc Hammer [PAR] Mc Hammer Net Worth is $1.5 Million. MC Hammer, whose real name is Stanley Kirk Burrell, is an American rapper, entertainer and dancer with a current estimated net worth of $1.5 million. Once reputed to be a multi-millionaire, he lost most of his wea. Stanley Kirk Burrell (born M... [PAR] Mc Hammer Net Worth is $1.5 Million. [PAR] Mc Hammer Net Worth is $1.5 Million. MC Hammer, whose real name is Stanley Kirk Burrell, is an American rapper, entertainer and dancer with a current estimated net worth of $1.5 million. Once reputed to be a multi-millionaire, he lost most of his wea Stanley Kirk Burrell , better known by his stage name MC Hammer , is an American rapper, entrepreneur, and actor. He had his greatest commercial success and popularity from the late 1980s until the mid-1990s. Remembered for a rapid rise to fame before filing bankruptcy, Hammer is also known for his hit records , flamboyant dance movements and trademark Hammer pants. Hammer's superstar-status made him a household name and pop icon. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide. [PAR] Burrell also became a preacher during the late 1990s, was a television show host and dance judge, is a record label CEO, and as of 2008 works as a co-creator of a dance website called DanceJam, while still performing concerts at music venues and assisting with other social media, ministry and outreach functions. In addition, he was executive producer of his own reality show called Hammertime which aired on the A&E Network during the summ...[DOC] [TLE] Stanley Burrell News | Wiki - UPI.com Stanley Burrell News | Wiki - UPI.com [PAR] Stanley Burrell News [PAR] Next [PAR] Wiki [PAR] Stanley Kirk Burrell (born March 30, 1962), known better by his stage names MC Hammer and Hammer, is an African-American multi-platinum selling MC and dancer most popular during the late 1980s until the mid-1990s, known for his dramatic \"rise and fall\" from fame and fortune and his trademark Hammer Pants. He became a preacher during the late 1990s and as of 2008 works as a co-initiator of a dance website, television show host and CEO, still performing occasionally at concerts and other functions in addition to his own reality show. [PAR] Previously living in Tracy, California, he currently lives in Oakland with his wife Stephanie of 23 years and six children, three boys and three girls (one now in college). Throughout his career, MC Hammer has managed his own recording business, Oaktown Records. [PAR] Although considered a \"forefather\" of entertainment rap music (or \"pop rap\") at one time, due to his mainstream appeal since the late 1980s, he would later be considered a \"sell-out\" rapper by many. Nonetheless, BET ranked Hammer as the #7 Best Dancer Of All Time."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The National Lottery Show Info Page - Ledbury The National Lottery Show Info Page [PAR] The National Lottery Show Info Page [PAR] and Highest Jackpot Winners and Amounts [PAR] There has been quite a few National Lottery Show Presenters and Lottery Shows on BBC Television. Here are the complete list. [PAR] Presenters [PAR] 2-27 [PAR] Dale Winton [PAR] 62, 63, 91-94, 111, 116, (Sat)118-128, (Sat)182-190, (Sat)296-300, (Sat)302-330, (Sat)388-400, (Sat)418-432, (Wed)447-457, (Sat)492-528, (Sat)558-568, (Wed)667-689, (Sat)668-688, 731, (Wed)767-789, (Sat)766-788, (Wed)833, (Sat)872-908, (Wed)873-909, (Sat)926, (Sat)996-1024, (Wed)997-1025, (Wed)1097 - 1121, (Sat)1096 - 1120, (Sat)1140-1152 [PAR] Bob Monkhouse [PAR] 76-83, 95-110, (Sat)130-142, (Sat)166-180, (Sat)192-198, (Wed)273-281, (Sat)294, (Sat)302 [PAR] Carole Smillie [PAR] 84-86, (Wed)117-149, (Wed)153-195, (Wed)203-247, (Wed)251-253, (Wed)257-263, (Wed)267-271, (Wed)295-331, (Wed)353-357, (Sat)358, (Wed)363-373, (Wed)427-445, (Wed)459-475 [PAR] Ulrika Johnson [PAR] (Wed)621-665,(Sat)620-666, (Sat)718-752, (Wed)719-753, (Sat)832-870, (Wed)835-871, (Sat)926, (Sat)946-972, (Wed)947-973, (Sat)1026-1036, (Wed)1027-1037, (Wed)1065 - 1095, (Sat)1066 - 1094 [PAR] Lulu [PAR] (Sat)570-618, (Wed)571-619, (Sat)690-716, (Wed)691-717, (Sat)780-816, (Wed)781-817, (Sat)910-920, (Wed)911-921, (Sat)926 [PAR] Ian Wright [PAR] (Sat)754-764, (Wed)755-765, (Sat)818-830, (Wed)819-831, (Sat)922-944, (Wed)923-945 [PAR] Julian Clary [PAR] [PAR] Draw Presenter At National Lottery HQ [PAR] As this list keeps changing every few weeks, only the summary will appear. The full list of presents and when they presented is available on the lottery spreadsheet. [PAR] [PAR] Jenni Falconer, Denise Van Outen, Michael Ball, Duncan James, Kirsty Gallacher, Jason Donovan, John Barrowman, Craig Doyle, Scott Mills, Brian Conley, Melaine Sykes, Myleene Class, Bradley Walsh, Danny Wallace, Jamelia, Gethin Jones [PAR] From January 2013, there will be no televised draw on Wednesdays and Fridays show and only the Saturday shows will be shown. [PAR] The current show is The National Lottery Who Dares Wins [PAR] Previous Programmes (the follow information only applies before 2012) [PAR] The Saturday show is called the The National Lottery Saturday draw. The Wednesday Show, is called the The National Lottery Wednesday draw. Times vary each week. Wednesday draw is at around 22:35. Saturday programme is normally between 20:00-21:30. Wednesdays draw ended on 26 December 2012 [PAR] The National Lottery Daily Play draw was shown on the BBC website each week night from Monday 9 October 2006. It was shown live on Challenge TV (Sky 121) at 21:00 or (Sky 122) at 22:00. First draw was broadcast on Monday 7 March 2005. Presented by James McCourt or Jayne Sharp or some other presenters! The last televised draw was on Friday 24 December 2005. [PAR] For the Euro Millions + Friday Thunderball draw was shown on BBC1 every Friday around 11:35pm, after 4 years since the start. Began on 8 February 2008. The draw is recorded earlier in the evening even though it is shown as live. The show is called The National Lottery Friday draw. Ended on 28 December 2012 [PAR] Euro Millions draw was shown in the past on UK Gold, presented by James McCourt. Before then it was shown on Challenge TV, hosted mainly by James McCourt. It was also recorded earlier. Before then Liz Bonnin was the presenter, and shown (nearly) live every Friday at 10pm on Sky One until Friday 11 February 2005. Well it is recorded and broadcast at 10pm. Sarah Cawood presented the draw on Friday 11 June 2004, Friday 6 August 2004, Friday 24 December 2004 and 14 January 2005. Up until 15 October 2004, it was shown at 9pm. Friday 11 February 2005 was the last ever showing of the draw on Sky one and only summary results available via sky interactive and on the various lottery website. [PAR] The main show presenters throughout the year are Dale Winton, Eamonn Holmes, Phillip Schofield, Ian Wright, Mark Durden-Smith, Dermot O'Leary and Ben"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Everly Brothers- Wake Up Little Susie - YouTube The Everly Brothers- Wake Up Little Susie - YouTube [PAR] The Everly Brothers- Wake Up Little Susie [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 31, 2011 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Younger Gang | HistoryNet Read More in Wild West Magazine [PAR] Subscribe online and save nearly 40%!!! [PAR] George Hudspeth died six years after the letter was written. Babe Hudspeth died in 1907. Malinda Paralee, to whom Frank wrote the 1897 letter, died in 1913, two years before Lamartine Hudspeth and Frank James himself died. Ben Hudspeth Murrow lived until 1916, as did Cole Younger. During their criminal careers and afterward, the James and Younger brothers had an inner circle of good friends, and few were better than the Hudspeths, faithful to the end. [PAR] [PAR] This article was written by William Preston Mangum II and originally appeared in the August 2003 issue of Wild West magazine. For more great articles be sure to subscribe to Wild West magazine today! [PAR] Featured Article [PAR] When the James Gang Ruled the Rails [PAR] By Donald L. Gilmor [PAR] Liberty, Missouri has a nice ring to it and will no doubt be remembered for as long as folks recall the Wild West\u2019s most famous anti-establishment rebels\u2013the James (or James-Younger) Gang. It was on February 13, 1866, that at least a dozen former Southern guerrilla soldiers, including Frank James and Cole Younger, held up the Clay County Savings Association in Liberty. Jesse James was recovering from wounds suffered as a Confederate guerrilla and probably wasn\u2019t able to help brother Frank and Cole, but the Liberty bank job is considered the James-Younger Gang\u2019s first robbery. [PAR] Adair, Iowa, might not have the same ring to it, but it was there on July 21,1873, more than seven years after the Liberty holdup, that another James-Younger first occurred\u2013the gang\u2019s first train robbery. Using their wartime guerrilla skills\u2013riding and shooting and eluding the enemy\u2013the boys may have robbed as many as nine banks before they got around in 1873 to tapping into this new, lucrative source of treasure, the railroad industry. [PAR] Actually, the James brothers and the Younger brothers were not the first post-Civil War train robbers in the country. Another set of brothers, the Renos, had held up an Ohio & Mississippi passenger train near Seymour, Ind., in October 1866. The Reno Gang struck again in May 1868 at Marshfield, Ind., but its third attempt at a train robbery bombed that July outside Brownstown, Ind. Within two years of the Renos\u2019 first train robbery, the Pinkerton Detective Agency, with help from local vigilantes, had destroyed the gang. [PAR] Apparently no outlaw gang was strong enough or bold enough during the next five years to take on the railroad industry. But the railroads were routinely transporting millions of dollars in gold, silver and greenbacks, and even though the Jameses and the Youngers had made out quite well robbing small-town banks, they must have envisioned greater profits by stopping trains. In any case, by the summer of 1873, they were ready to attempt the first train holdup west of the Mississippi. Such a robbery did have a few advantages over bank jobs. They could stop a train at a point of their own choosing, and by destroying the nearest telegraph office to delay news of the robbery, they would not have to immediately contend with a posse. Also, they would have the element of surprise working for them\u2013at least the first time. [PAR] The trouble with train robberies, especially after the James-Younger Gang reinitiated them wholesale, was that the railroads put armed guards on their trains and kept the schedules for their big shipments of bullion and currency a secret. For that reason, the gang found it necessary to spy on the railroads for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wright Brothers - First Flight of an Airplane The Wright Brothers - First Flight of an Airplane [PAR] The Wright Brothers attempt to fly. Library of Congress [PAR] Updated August 31, 2016. [PAR] Part 2: 19th & 20th Century Flight Efforts [PAR] Part 3: The Wright Brothers [PAR] In 1899, after Wilbur Wright had written a letter of request to the Smithsonian Institution for information about flight experiments, the Wright Brothers designed their first aircraft: a small, biplane glider flown as a kite to test their solution for controlling the craft by wing warping. Wing warping is a method of arching the wingtips slightly to control the aircraft's rolling motion and balance. [PAR] Wright Brothers - Birds of a Feather [PAR] The Wright Brothers spent a great deal of time observing birds in flight . They noticed that birds soared into the wind and that the air flowing over the curved surface of their wings created lift. Birds change the shape of their wings to turn and maneuver. They believed that they could use this technique to obtain roll control by warping, or changing the shape, of a portion of the wing. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of the Wright Brothers [PAR] Wright Brothers - Gliders [PAR] Over the next three years, Wilbur and his brother Orville would design a series of gliders which would be flown in both unmanned (as kites) and piloted flights. They read about the works of Cayley , and Langley , and the hang-gliding flights of Otto Lilienthal . They corresponded with Octave Chanute concerning some of their ideas. They recognized that control of the flying aircraft would be the most crucial and hardest problem to solve. [PAR] Following a successful glider test, the Wrights built and tested a full-size glider. They selected Kitty Hawk, North Carolina as their test site because of its wind, sand, hilly terrain and remote location. [PAR] In 1900, the Wrights successfully tested their new 50-pound biplane glider with its 17-foot wingspan and wing-warping mechanism at Kitty Hawk, in both unmanned and piloted flights. [PAR] In fact, it was the first piloted glider. Based upon the results, the Wright Brothers planned to refine the controls and landing gear, and build a bigger glider. [PAR] In 1901, at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, the Wright Brothers flew the largest glider ever flown, with a 22-foot wingspan, a weight of nearly 100 pounds and skids for landing. [PAR] However, many problems occurred: the wings did not have enough lifting power; forward elevator was not effective in controlling the pitch; and the wing-warping mechanism occasionally caused the airplane to spin out of control. In their disappointment, they predicted that man will probably not fly in their lifetime. [PAR] In spite of the problems with their last attempts at flight, the Wrights reviewed their test results and determined that the calculations they had used were not reliable. They decided to build a wind tunnel to test a variety of wing shapes and their effect on lift. Based upon these tests, the inventors had a greater understanding of how an airfoil (wing) works and could calculate with greater accuracy how well a particular wing design would fly. They planned to design a new glider with a 32-foot wingspan and a tail to help stabilize it. [PAR] Wright Brothers - Inventing the Flyer [PAR] During 1902, the brothers flew numerous test glides using their new glider. Their studies showed that a movable tail would help balance the craft and the Wright Brothers connected a movable tail to the wing-warping wires"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brothers who have played football in the First Division Brothers who have played football in the First Division [PAR] Nearly 1,600 club appearances between them, and a World Cup Final for good measure. [PAR] Denis and Leslie Compton [PAR] Denis may have been one of the greatest all-rounders in sporting history, but Leslie made 253 Arsenal appearances to Denis\u2019s 54. [PAR] Danny and Jackie Blanchflower [PAR] Jackie\u2019s career for Manchester United was cut short by injuries from the team\u2019s Munich air crash, while elder brother Danny is widely regarded as Spurs\u2019 greatest ever player. [PAR] Allan, Frank, Derek and Wayne Clarke [PAR] Allan scored over 100 goals for Leeds, Frank appeared in Division One for Ipswich, Derek made five top-flight appearances for Wolves, and Wayne was in the championship-winning Everton team of 1987. A fifth brother, Kelvin, appeared for Walsall but never played at the top level. [PAR] Bob, Peter and Dave Latchford [PAR] Peter and Dave were both goalkeepers, playing in Division One for WBA and Birmingham City respectively, while middle brother Bob scored over 200 goals in hais career, notably for Birmingham City and Everton. [PAR] Danny, Ray and Rod Wallace [PAR] Actually played in the Southampton team together in 1988. [PAR] Jacky, William and George Carr [PAR] All played in the same team, Middlesbrough, in 1920. [PAR] John and Justin Fashanu [PAR] Justin was the one remembered for his goal of the season and for being Britain\u2019s first million-pound black footballer, but John got the England caps. [PAR] Gary and Phil Neville [PAR] Their 800 club appearances and over 140 England caps seem great in this modern age, but I guess they ain\u2019t no Bobby and Jack. [PAR] Xabi and Mikel Alonso [PAR] A pairing who scrape in thanks to Mikel\u2019s 7 appearances for Bolton. [PAR] Rio and Anton Ferdinand [PAR] Both started at West Ham, but Rio moved on to greater things. [PAR] Shaun and Bradley Wright-Phillips [PAR] Half-brothers; Bradley managed about 40 appearances for Manchester City in the mid-noughties. [PAR] Fabio and Rafael Da Silva [PAR] Only 30 appearances for Manchester United so far between them, but time is on their side. [PAR] John and Charles Sutcliffe [PAR] John was the goalkeeper for Bolton Wanderers in the 1894 FA Cup Final, and Charles turned out for Sheffield United an incredible 31 years later. [PAR] Clive and Bradley Allen [PAR] Bradley played for several seasons in the top flight for QPR, while Clive famously played for almost every club in England. Cousins Paul and Martin also played in Division One, but weren\u2019t brothers. [PAR] Kolo and Yaya Toure [PAR] Yaya came to Manchester City to join his brother Kolo in 2010. [PAR] Luke and Stefan Moore [PAR] Both played Premier League football for Aston Villa, Stefan only making 22 appearances. [PAR] Paul and Ron Futcher [PAR] Division One appearances with Luton and Manchester City in the seventies for the twins. [PAR] Mark and Brian Stein [PAR] Not the only pairing to start out at Luton. [PAR] Ron and Peter Springett [PAR] Successive Sheffield Wednesday goalkeepers as one swapped for the other in a transfer deal in 1967. [PAR] Ray and Dean Wilkins? [PAR] I\u2019m not sure whether any of Dean\u2019s appearances for QPR or Brighton were in the First Division. [PAR] Jimmy and Brian Greenhoff [PAR] Jimmy made nearly 300 appearances for Manchester United and Leeds United, and Brian made nearly 500 appearances at the top level, with the two playing in the same Manchester United team for three years in the late 70s. [PAR] Stephen and Gary Caldwell [PAR] Both players began their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The German legends of the Brothers Grimm - Google Books The German legends of the Brothers Grimm - Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm - Google Books [PAR] View all \u00bb [PAR] Common terms and phrases [PAR] Adelger Agilulf Aistulf Alboin army asked Athaulf Authari battle Bavaria became began Berlin bishop Brennberger Brothers Grimm called castle Charlemagne Charles child Christian chronicles Chronik church commentary count countess Dagobert daughter death defeated Deutsche Devil died duchess Duke edition enemy envoys father folklore forest Franks Frederick Friedrich Frisians Gelimer Gepids German Geschichte Goths hand heard heathen Heinrich Helias Henry the Fowler hero Hesse honor horse husband Jacob Jacob Grimm Johann Kassel king knight lady land landgrave Langobards later Lauingen legend Leipzig lived Lohengrin Lord Ludwig maiden Merovingian migrated monastery motif mountain noble nobleman Otto palace Paulus Diaconus Petzoldt plow pope prince queen Radbot reign replied returned River Roman Rome Sagen Saxons sent servants song soul story Swabians swan sword tell thee thou Thuringia told took Totila tradition vols Wartburg WARTBURG CASTLE Welf wife Wilhelm woman words [PAR] About the author (1981) [PAR] Jacob W. Grimm (1785-1863) and his brother Wilhelm K. Grimm (1786-1859) pioneered the study of German philosophy, law, mythology and folklore, but they are best known for their collection of fairy tales. These include such popular stories as Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty and The Frog Prince. Commonly referred to now as Grimm's Fairy Tales, their collection was published as Kinder-und-Hausmarchen (Children's and Household Tales, 1812-15). The brothers were born thirteen months apart in the German province of Hesse, and were inseparable from childhood. Throughout their lives they showed a marked lack of sibling rivalry. Most of their works were written together, a practice begun in childhood when they shared a desk and sustained throughout their adult lives. Since their lives and work were so collaborative, it is difficult now to differentiate between them, but of course there were differences.- Jacob, who studied for a time in Paris, was fascinated with variant spellings of older words. He articulated \"Grimm's Law,\" the rules of which are still used today to determine correspondences between the consonants of German and languages in the Indo-European family. Jacob was bolder and more experimental than Wilhelm, and was rumored to be a lively dancer. Throughout his life, Jacob kept rigidly to schedule and could be extremely focused on work that demanded close attention to detail. He never married, but was a loving uncle to Wilhelm's children. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are buried side by side in Berlin. [PAR] Wilhelm K. Grimm (1786-1859) and his brother Jacob W. Grimm (1785-1863) pioneered the study of German philosophy, law, mythology and folklore, but they are best known for their collection of fairy tales. These include such popular stories as Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty and The Frog Prince. Commonly referred to now as Grimm's Fairy Tales, the collection was published as Kinder-und-Hausmarchen (Children's and Household Tales, 1812-15). The brothers were born thirteen months apart in the German province of Hesse, and were inseparable from childhood. Throughout their lives they showed a marked lack of sibling rivalry. Most of their works were written together, a practice begun in childhood when they shared a desk and sustained throughout their adult lives. Since their lives and work were so collaborative, it is difficult now to differentiate between them, but of course there were differences. Wilhelm, the younger of the two, was said to have been gentle and poetic, and his brother claimed that he was a gifted public speaker. He studied at Marburg, then went to Cassel. In 1825, at the age of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] <3 The Osmonds <3 on Pinterest | The Osmonds, Donny Osmond ... 1000+ images about <3 The Osmonds <3 on Pinterest | The osmonds, Donny osmond and Tiger beat [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] <3 The Osmonds <3 [PAR] There are 9 kids in all! Virl, Tom, Alan, Wayne, Merrill, Jay, Donny, Marie, the only girl, and last but not least Jimmy! [PAR] 1.73k Pins118 Followers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Methodist movement | Article about Methodist movement by ... Methodist movement | Article about Methodist movement by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Methodist movement | Article about Methodist movement by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Methodist+movement [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Methodism, [PAR] the doctrines, polity, and worship of those Protestant Christian denominations that have developed from the movement started in England by the teaching of John Wesley Wesley, John, [PAR] 1703\u201391, English evangelical preacher, founder of Methodism, b. Epworth, Lincolnshire. Early Life [PAR] Wesley was ordained a deacon in the Church of England in 1725, elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1726, and ordained a priest in 1728. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . [PAR] Early History [PAR] John Wesley, his brother Charles, and George Whitefield Whitefield, George, [PAR] 1714\u201370, English evangelistic preacher, leader of the Calvinistic Methodist Church. At Oxford, which he entered in 1732, he joined the Methodist group led by John Wesley and Charles Wesley. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , belonged to a group at Oxford that in 1729 began meeting for religious exercises. From their resolution to conduct their lives and religious study by \"rule and method,\" they were given the name Methodists. The beginning of Methodism as a popular movement dates from 1738, when both of the Wesley brothers, influenced by contact with the Moravians, undertook evangelistic preaching. From the Moravians, too, they took the emphasis on conversion and holiness that are still central to Methodism. [PAR] The leaders of the movement were ordained ministers of the Church of England; neither of the two Wesleys ever disclaimed the holy orders of that church, but they were barred from speaking in most of its pulpits, in disapproval of their evangelistic methods. They preached in barns, houses, open fields, wherever an audience could be induced to assemble. Societies were formed, \"class meetings\" of converts were held, and lay preachers were trained and given charge of several congregations. The moving of preachers from one appointment to another was the beginning of the system of itinerancy. [PAR] Theologically, John Wesley was essentially a follower of Jacobus Arminius Arminius, Jacobus [PAR] , 1560\u20131609, Dutch Reformed theologian, whose original name was Jacob Harmensen. He studied at Leiden, Marburg, Geneva, and Basel and in 1588 became a pastor at Amsterdam. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . Whitefield, unable to accept the Arminian doctrines of Wesley, broke with him in 1741 and became the leader of the Calvinistic Methodists. In 1744 the first annual conference was held and the Articles of Religion were drawn up. They were based to a considerable extent upon the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England, but great emphasis was laid upon repentance, faith, sanctification, and the privilege of full, free salvation for everyone. By 1784 the spread of the movement, especially in America, made an organization separate from the Church of England necessary. In 1784, Wesley issued a Deed of Declaration giving legal status to the yearly Methodist conference. That same year he ordained Thomas Coke superintendent of the societies in America. [PAR] Branches of the Methodist Church [PAR] In 1791, after Wesley's death, the English Methodists were formally separated from the Church of England and established the Wesleyan Methodist Church. In both England and America various groups seceded from the main branch to form independent Methodist churches. Some of them later reunited. In Great Britain the Methodist New Connection was the first group to form a separate branch. Then followed the Primitive Methodists, the Bible Christians, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sherlock Holmes series by Arthur Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes series by Arthur Conan Doyle [PAR] Sherlock Holmes series [PAR] 201 works, 13 primary works [PAR] Sherlock Holmes is a fictional consulting detective in London ~1880-1914 created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes, master of disguise, reasoned logically to deduce clients' background from their first appearance. He used fingerprints, chemical analysis, and forensic science. [PAR] The majority of the stories were first published in The Strand Magazine accumulated to four novels and fifty-six short stories set 1880-1914. [PAR] All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend Sherlock Holmes is a fictional consulting detective in London ~1880-1914 created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes, master of disguise, reasoned logically to deduce clients' background from their first appearance. He used fingerprints, chemical analysis, and forensic science. [PAR] The majority of the stories were first published in The Strand Magazine accumulated to four novels and fifty-six short stories set 1880-1914. [PAR] All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr John H. Watson; two are narrated by Holmes himself (The Blanched Soldier and The Lion's Mane) and two others are written in the third person (The Mazarin Stone and His Last Bow). In two stories (The Musgrave Ritual and The Gloria Scott), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, while Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story. The first and fourth novels, A Study in Scarlet and The Valley of Fear, each include long omniscient narration of events unknown to Holmes or Watson. ...more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mystery of 221B Baker Street | Arts & Culture ... The Mystery of 221B Baker Street | Arts & Culture | Smithsonian [PAR] Contact Privacy Policy Terms of Use [PAR] The Mystery of 221B Baker Street [PAR] Our series on Design and Sherlock Holmes begins with an investigation into the location of the famous detective's London flat [PAR] smithsonian.com [PAR] July 18, 2012 [PAR] Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson drawn by Sidney Paget in The Adventure of Silver Blaze (image: Sidney Paget, Wikimedia commons) [PAR] The Game is afoot, dear reader. For today, Design Decoded starts its newest series as the world turns its eyes to London for the Olympics: Design and Sherlock Holmes. Created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the incomparable consulting detective Sherlock Holmes and his intrepid assistant Doctor John Watson made their debut in A Study in Scarlet , published in 1887 in the the pages of Beeton\u2019s Christmas Annual. Though the last canonical adventure of Holmes and Watson was published in 1927, Sherlock Holmes is still an international cultural icon. In fact, he may be more popular today than ever before. The zeitgeist is saturated with all things Holmesian: two Hollywood films ; a recent BBC television series ; another forthcoming series for American television ; and then there are the countless television shows, plays, and films inspired by the adventures of Holmes and Watson. Indeed, we can perhaps trace the entire \u201cbuddy-cop\u201d genre back to Arthur Conan Doyle\u2019s detective duo. [PAR] Let us begin our series today by stalking down the gas-lit streets of Victorian London , and turning our magnifying glass toward an architecture that was defined by Holmes and Watson and poses something of a mystery itself: their London flat at 221B Baker Street. [PAR] Baker Street circa 1890 (original image: George Washginton Bacon\u2019s New Map of London, via wikimedia commons) [PAR] The mystery of 221B Baker Street is not one of secret passages or hidden symbols. Rather, it could be described as a sort of existential spatial riddle: how can a space that is not a space be where it is not? According to Arthur Conan Doyle\u2019s stories, Sherlock Holmes and John Watson lived at 221B Baker Street from 1881 to 1904. But 221B Baker street did not exist in 1881, nor did it exist in 1887 when A Study in Scarlet was published and Baker Street house numbers only extended into the 100s. It was a purely fictional address \u2013 emphasis on was. Time marches on, Baker Streets are renumbered, and 221Bs are revealed. [PAR] The Sherlock Holmes Museum at 221B Baker Street (image: \u00a9 The Sherlock Holmes Museum ) [PAR] If you visit 221B Baker Street today you\u2019ll find the Sherlock Holmes Museum , which was opened in 1990 by the Sherlock Holmes International Society. But the Sherlock Holmes museum is not, technically speaking, located at 221 Baker Street. In fact, there is still no 221 Baker Street. Since the 1930s, the famous address has been lumped in as part of a larger block of buildings originally occupied by the Abbey National Building Society. From almost the day the Abbey National opened they began receiving letters from all over the world addressed to Mr. Sherlock Holmes at 221B Baker Street. Such a profusion of letters were delivered that the bank\u2019s public relations department found it necessary to employ a full-time secretary charged with responding to the urgent inquiries from those in need of Holmes\u2019s unique deductive prowess (these inquiries were usually met with a response that the detective had retired to keep bees in Sussex). [PAR] When"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published - HISTORY.com The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published - Oct 31, 1892 - HISTORY.com [PAR] The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published [PAR] Author [PAR] The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, by Arthur Conan Doyle, is published. The book was the first collection of Holmes stories, which Conan Doyle had been publishing in magazines since 1887. [PAR] Conan Doyle was born in Scotland and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he met Dr. Joseph Bell, a teacher with extraordinary deductive power. Bell partly inspired Doyle\u2019s character Sherlock Holmes years later. [PAR] After medical school, Conan Doyle moved to London, where his slow medical practice left him ample free time to write. His first Sherlock Holmes story, \u201cA Study in Scarlet,\u201d was published in Beeton\u2019s Christmas Annual in 1887. Starting in 1891, a series of Holmes stories appeared in The Strand magazine, and Conan Doyle was able to give up his medical practice and devote himself to writing. [PAR] Later collections include The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894), The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1905), and The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes (1827). In 1902, Conan Doyle was knighted for his work with a field hospital in South Africa. In addition to dozens of Sherlock Holmes stories and several novels, Conan Doyle wrote history, pursued whaling, and engaged in many adventures and athletic endeavors. After his son died in World War I, Conan Doyle became a dedicated spiritualist. He died in 1930. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Moriarty - Baker Street Wiki - Wikia James Moriarty | Baker Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015 Sherlock Holmes to Dr Watson speaking about Professor Moriarty [src] [PAR] Professor James Moriarty, the arch-enemy of the famous Detective Sherlock Holmes , a mathematics professor turned the world's only consulting criminal. His genius is equal to, if not perhaps greater than, Holmes himself. [PAR] Despite only appearing in two stories, Moriarty has been proven to be the most dangerous of all criminals that Holmes has ever encountered. In the short story \" The Adventure of the Final Problem \", during a fight with Holmes above the Reichenbach Falls , Moriarty fell to his death. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Edit [PAR] Professor Moriarty's first appearance and his ultimate end occurred in Doyle's story \"The Final Problem\" , in which Holmes, on the verge of delivering a fatal blow to Moriarty's criminal ring, is forced to flee to the Continent to escape retribution. The criminal mastermind follows, and the pursuit ends atop the Reichenbach Falls , during which, Moriarty falls to his death while fighting with Holmes. During this story, Moriarty is depicted as something of a Mafia Godfather: he protects nearly all of the criminals of England in exchange for their obedience and a share in their profits. Holmes, by his own account, was originally led to Moriarty by the suggestion that many of the crimes he perceived were not the spontaneous work of random criminals, but the machinations of a vast and subtle criminal ring. In such a way, he is described as a Consulting Criminal, the opposite of Holmes, a Consulting Detective. [PAR] Moriarty plays a direct role in only one other of Doyle's Holmes stories: The Valley of Fear , which was set before \"The Final Problem,\" but published afterwards. In \"The Valley of Fear\", Holmes attempts to prevent Moriarty's agents from committing a murder. Moriarty does not meet Holmes in this story. In an episode where Moriarty is interviewed by a policeman, a painting by Jean-Baptiste Greuze is described as hanging on the wall; Holmes remarks on another work by the same painter to show it could not have been purchased on a professor's salary. The work referred to is La jeune fille \u00e0 l'agneau; some commentators have described this as a pun by Doyle upon the name of Thomas Agnew of the gallery Thomas Agnew and Sons, who had a famous painting stolen by Adam Worth , but was unable to prove the fact. [PAR] Moriarty's family and first name [PAR] Edit [PAR] The stories give a number of contradictory indications about the Professor's family. In his first appearance in \" The Adventure of the Final Problem \", Moriarty is only referred to as Professor Moriarty, with no first name mentioned. Watson does, however, refer to the name of another family member when he writes of \"the recent letters in which Colonel James Moriarty defends the memory of his brother.\" [PAR] Personality [PAR] Edit [PAR] Professor Moriarty was an extremely intelligent person. He is mentioned by Holmes himself as having a mind of the first order. He was a mathematical and scientific genius, having studied at university and having his work on the Binomial Theorem being globally acclaimed. Moriarty, unfortunately, possessed a lust for power that led to criminal practices. [PAR] Professor Moriarty impresses Holmes, who is not easily impressed, with his incredible talent at organising elaborate crimes throughout London whilst keeping his own identity and involvement effectively anonymous from the authorities. However, Moriarty's personality speedily developed into that of a calculative, sociopathic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sherlockian.Net: Mycroft Holmes Sherlockian.Net: Mycroft Holmes [PAR] Sherlockian.Net: The brother of the detective [PAR] Introducing Mycroft Holmes [PAR] I have no idea why, but the question that I receive most often by e-mail is, \"What was the name of Sherlock Holmes's brother?\" [PAR] The answer: Mycroft. [PAR] Mycroft Holmes appears as a character in two of the Holmes stories: \"The Greek Interpreter\" and \"The Bruce-Partington Plans\". Holmes tells Watson that Mycroft is \"seven years my senior\" (older by seven years), and brilliant in observation and deduction, but so lazy -- and fat, it turns out -- that he seldom moves from his accustomed cycle: his rooms, his office in a government building, and the Diogenes Club. [PAR] In the earlier story, Holmes says vaguely that Mycroft \"audits the books in some of the government departments\". By the time of the later one, Watson finds out that in fact Mycroft has a position of importance and delicacy: \"occasionally he is the British government . . . the most indispensable man in the country: [PAR] We will suppose that a minister needs information as to a point which involves the Navy, India, Canada and the bimetallic question; he could get his separate advices from various departments upon each, but only Mycroft can focus them all, and say offhand how each factor would affect the other. [PAR] Many Sherlockians have interpreted this passage, and the role played by Mycroft in bringing the Bruce-Partington scandal to his brother's attention, to mean that Mycroft was an early and important member of the British intelligence establishment. [PAR] Mycroft also plays a tiny role in \"The Final Problem\" and is mentioned in \"The Empty House\". [PAR] The rest of the family [PAR] It is natural to wonder whether there were other brothers in the Holmes family. None are mentioned in any of the original Sherlock Holmes tales. But the 1975 film \"The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother\", starring Gene Wilder, is not about Mycroft; instead, Wilder presents a manic third brother, Sigi Holmes. Presumably the name is short for Sigerson, taken from the alias used by Holmes in \"The Empty House\". [PAR] A number of Sherlockians have ventured to speculate about a brother named Sherrinford. That name is taken from Arthur Conan Doyle's original notes for A Study in Scarlet, in which the name Sherrinford is used for the consulting detective who would shortly appear in print under the name of Sherlock. [PAR] And what about sisters? There is no evidence, apart from a few wistful comments in \"The Copper Beeches\" to the effect that \"no sister of mine\" should run the risk that faced Violet Hunter."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phineas and Ferb: Elementary, My Dear Stacy - TV.com Phineas and Ferb - Season 2, Episode 7: Elementary, My Dear Stacy - TV.com [PAR] Elementary, My Dear Stacy [PAR] AIRED: [PAR] 2/28/09 [PAR] While in London, Candace and Stacy decide to take a page out of Sherlock Holmes'\u2026entire collection, to figure out what Phineas and Ferb have planned for the London Eye. Meanwhile, Perry must team up with British agent 00 Zero in order to stop Dr. Doofenshmirtz from moving Big Ben to the Tri-State Area. [PAR] moreless [PAR] Join the discussion of this episode Episode Discussion [PAR] Trivia, Notes, Quotes and Allusions [PAR] See All Trivia, Notes, Quotes and Allusions Trivia & Quotes [PAR] Fresh Off the Boat Clean Slate [PAR] NEW [PAR] Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Decline and Fall [PAR] NEW [PAR] NEW [PAR] ABC [PAR] Important: You must only upload images which you have created yourself or that you are expressly authorised or licensed to upload. By clicking \"Publish\", you are confirming that the image fully complies with TV.com\u2019s Terms of Use and that you own all rights to the image or have authorization to upload it. [PAR] Please read the following before uploading [PAR] Do not upload anything which you do not own or are fully licensed to upload. The images should not contain any sexually explicit content, race hatred material or other offensive symbols or images. Remember: Abuse of the TV.com image system may result in you being banned from uploading images or from the entire site \u2013 so, play nice and respect the rules! [PAR] Choose background:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where the Danube Meets the Black Sea : Image of the Day Where the Danube Meets the Black Sea : Image of the Day [PAR] acquired February 5, 2013 download large image (4 MB, JPEG, 3679x3679) [PAR] acquired February 5, 2013 download GeoTIFF file (31 MB, TIFF) [PAR] acquired February 5, 2013 download Google Earth file (KML) [PAR] Editor\u2019s Note: Today\u2019s caption is the answer to Earth Observatory\u2019s February Puzzler. [PAR] The Danube River is the largest in the European Union, its watershed draining 801,463 square kilometers (309,447 square miles) of land across 19 countries. Where that great river reaches the Black Sea, a remarkable delta has formed\u2014the \u201cEverglades\u201d of Europe. The Danube Delta is home to more than 300 species of bird and 45 species of freshwater fish. [PAR] The Danube Delta has been home to human settlements since the end of the Stone Age (the Neolithic Period), and the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines all built trading ports and military outposts along this coast. Today, the border between Romania and Ukraine cuts through the northern part of the delta. The area is a United Nations World Heritage Site, both for its natural and human history, and for the traditional maritime culture that persists in its marshes. All the while, the landscape has been shaped and re-shaped by nature and man. [PAR] The image above was acquired on February 5, 2013, by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA\u2019s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite. The Danube Delta has a number of lobes formed over the past several thousand years, and this image is focused largely on the northernmost Chilia (or Kilia) lobe. It is the youngest section of the delta\u2014somewhere between 300 to 400 years old\u2014and lies mostly within Ukraine. Much of the land in the image above is officially considered part of the Danube Biosphere Reserve. (To see more about how the delta formed, click here. ) [PAR] Near the center of the image, the small city of Vylkove is known as the \u201cUkranian Venice,\u201d due to its canals. To the lower left, the older Sulina lobe of the delta stretches to the south and further inland into Romania. White and brown curved lines reveal beach ridges and former shorelines, with the whiter ridges composed almost entirely of pure quartz sand in high dunes. To the east of the ridges, most of the landscape is flat marshland that is mostly brown in the barren days of winter. [PAR] The Bystroye Canal through the center of the Chilia lobe has been the subject of heated debate over the past two decades. Over the centuries, damming and channeling of the Danube throughout Europe has reduced its water flow and sediment load to roughly 30 percent of what it once was, according to coastal geologist Liviu Giosan of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. In recent years, the Ukrainian government has dredged some delta channels (including Bystroye) and proposed extensive dredging of others in order to provide navigational channels for large ships. Proponents argue for the economic needs of water transportation routes. Opponents note that deeper, faster channels mean less mud and sand is deposited in the delta; in some places, more is carried away by swifter currents. Both affect the sensitive ecosystems and the ability of the delta to restore itself and grow. [PAR] In a 2012 report led by Giosan, scientists noted that the shape, water chemistry, and biology of Danube Delta was being altered long before the modern Industrial Era. Land use practices\u2014particularly farming and forest clearing\u2014added significant amounts of nutrients into the water and reduced salinity in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn About the Six Amazon River Basin Countries Learn About the Six Amazon River Basin Countries [PAR] Share [PAR] By Amanda Briney [PAR] The Amazon River is the second longest river (it is just shorter than the Nile River in Egypt ) in the world and it has the largest watershed or drainage basin as well as the most tributaries of any river in the world. For reference, a watershed is defined as the area of land that releases its water into a river. This entire area is often referred to as the Amazon Basin. The Amazon River begins with streams in the Andes Mountains in Peru and flows into the Atlantic Ocean about 4,000 miles (6,437 km) away. [PAR] The Amazon River and its watershed encompass an area of 2,720,000 square miles (7,050,000 sq km). This area includes the largest tropical rainforest in the world - the Amazon Rainforest . In addition parts of the Amazon Basin also include grassland and savannah landscapes. As a result, this area is some of the least developed and most biodiverse in the world. [PAR] Along its length, the Amazon River flows through three countries and its basin includes three more. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] The following is a list of these six countries that have claims to the Amazon region arranged by their area. For reference, their capitals and populations have also been included. All information was obtained from the CIA World Factbook . [PAR] \u2022 Area: 3,287,612 square miles (8,514,877 sq km) [PAR] \u2022 Capital: Brasilia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indus River, Indus River Map - Maps of India Indus River, Indus River Map [PAR] Indus River Map [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer: All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited and its directors do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] The Indus River is one of the most beautiful rivers of India . Together with its tributaries, the Indus River forms an important river system, which helps the agricultural economy of India. The Indus River is an important river, which runs through the entire length of Pakistan. [PAR] Origin of the Indus River [PAR] The Indus River originates near the Mansarovar Lake in the Tibetan plateau, on the northern slopes of the Kailash Mountain Range. Regardless of the fact that almost two thirds of the itinerary of the river is flowing through Pakistan, it has its presence on the Indian soil. Parts of the itineraries of the tributaries of the Indus River do run on the Indian soil. The name Punjab has been derived from these tributaries that collectively signify \"five waters\" or \"land of five waters\". [PAR] Starting off in the Tibetan highland of western China near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the Indus river flows through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. Subsequently, the river gets into Pakistan through the Northern Areas (Gilgit-Baltistan), running across the North in a southward route down the whole span of Pakistan, to join the Arabian Sea close to the port city of Karachi situated in Sindh. The Indus River is 3,180 kilometers (1,976 miles) long and it is also the longest river in Pakistan. [PAR] Drainage [PAR] The Indus River features a total catchment basin of more than 1,165,000 square km (450,000 sq miles). The approximate yearly discharge of the river figures at approximately 207 cubic kilometers, making it the 21st biggest river in the world in terms of yearly discharge. Starting at the pinnacle of the world with glaciers, the Indus River supplies the flora and fauna of temperate forests, plateaus, and dry rural areas. In conjunction with the rivers Chenab, Jhelum, Sutlej, Ravi, Beas and two tributaries from the Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Indus creates the Sapta Sindhu (Seven Rivers) delta of Pakistan. [PAR] Description of the Indus River [PAR] The Indus supplies the major water resources for the development of the economy of Pakistan - particularly the Breadbasket of Punjab province, which represents the lion's share of the farming production of the country, and Sindh. The expression Punjab is a portmanteau of two words - panj denoting five, and ab denoting water, offering the simple denotation of the Land of the Five Rivers. The five rivers or Panjnad after which Punjab is named are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and the Sutlej. In addition, the river aids several heavy industries and functions as the principal supply of drinkable water in Pakistan. [PAR] The origin of the river is located in Tibet; it starts at the meeting point of the Sengge and Gar rivers that sap the Gangdise Shan and Nganglong Kangri mountain ranges. The river subsequently runs to the northwest via Baltistan and Ladakh into Gilgit, immediately south to the Karakoram Mountain range. The Shyok, Gilgit and Shigar rivers transport icy waters into the major river. It slowly turns toward the south, emerging from the hills between Rawalpindi and Peshawar. The river leaves behind enormous canyons with depths of 4,500-5,200 meters (15,000-17,000 feet) in the vicinity of the Nanga Parbat formation. The Indus River runs rapidly through Hazara and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rivers in West Africa | USA Today Rivers in West Africa | USA Today [PAR] Rivers in West Africa [PAR] The Niger is the longest river that flows its entire course within West Africa. [PAR] (Photo: Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images News/Getty Images ) [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Mountains in Northern Italy [PAR] West Africa is a region comprising more than a dozen countries on the continent's Atlantic coast, including Niger, Ghana, Mali and the Congo Republic. The climates range from desert and savannah to lowland woodlands and tropical rainforests. In the less arid areas, the inland population centers tend to be confined to the banks of a few significant rivers. [PAR] Congo River [PAR] One of the world's major rivers, the Congo is nearly 3,000 miles long, making it the second-largest river in Africa. With depths measured at more than 750 feet, the Congo is the deepest river in the world. The Congo runs much faster than most other rivers of such size and is second only to the Amazon in terms of the amount of water it discharges at its mouth. Bordering 10 countries, the river rises in central Africa and makes a giant westward curve before emptying into the Atlantic below Livingstone Falls near Kinshasa, Congo Republic, and Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo. [PAR] Niger River [PAR] With a delta that drains a region containing several of Africa's largest population centers, including Lagos, Nigeria, which is the most populous city on the continent, the Niger is the longest river that flows its entire length within West Africa. At almost 2,600 miles, the Niger flows through five countries in the region before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of Guinea. Since the late 20th century, the Niger's delta has become a major source of oil and natural gas, as well as a major transportation source for the entire region. [PAR] Senegal River [PAR] Rising in the mountains of Guinea, the Senegal River flows through Mauritania and the country that shares its name before spilling into the Atlantic Ocean at Saint-Louis. Hydroelectricity and agriculture are the primary economic contributions made to the region by the 1,700-mile river, which is the second longest in West Africa. Fishing is also a major activity throughout the Senegal basin, but overfishing and human development have contributed to an annual drop in the annual catch in the region. [PAR] Volta River [PAR] Formed by the confluence of the Black, White and Red Voltas, the Volta River is a relatively shallow watercourse that flows through Burkina Faso and Ghana before reaching its mouth at the Gulf of Guinea on Africa's Atlantic coast. The Aksombo Dam in Ghana, a major source of hydroelectric power in the region, created Lake Volta, which is the world's largest reservoir. Along with regional transportation, Lake Volta is seen as a potentially valuable fishery because it is large enough to support commercial fish farming. [PAR] References[DOC] [TLE] Major Rivers of the World Jeopardy Template Major Rivers of the World Jeopardy Template [PAR] In which Canadian territory is the Mackenzie River located? [PAR] 100 [PAR] Where is the origin of the Parana River? [PAR] 100 [PAR] What is the world's longest river? [PAR] 100 [PAR] Where is the origin of the Yangtze River? [PAR] 100 [PAR] Murray River and Darling River [PAR] Which TWO rivers are in Australia? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is the only major river in the United States? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What body of water does the Amazon empty into? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What body of water does the Niger River empty into? [PAR] 200 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volga River - University of Colorado Boulder Volga [PAR] Volga [PAR] I. Introduction [PAR] Volga [PAR] , river in western Russia, longest and one of the most important rivers of Europe. The Volga River rises northwest of Moscow in the Valday Hills and flows 3,700 km (2,300 mi) to the southeast before emptying into the Caspian Sea near the city of Astrakhan'. It is navigable for about 3200 km (about 2000 mi), and large numbers of ships ply its waters with freight and passengers. The Volga is fed by more than 200 tributaries (about 70 of which are navigable), including the Kama, Samara, Oka, and Vetluga. Together, the Volga and its tributaries occupy a watershed covering about 1,450,000 sq km (about 560,000 sq mi), or about 40 percent of European Russia. [PAR] II. Description [PAR] From its headwaters in the Valday Hills, midway between Moscow and [PAR] Saint Petersburg, the Volga flows southeast, toward Moscow, before bending northeast. Near the bend, the Volga is connected to the Moscow Canal, which flows south and joins the Moscow River north of the city of Moscow. From its intersection with the canal, the Volga continues northeast and meets the Rybinsk Reservoir. The reservoir is also served by the Volga-Baltic Waterway, which flows north and west before reaching the Baltic Sea at Saint Petersburg; and by the White Sea-Baltic Waterway, which flows north into Lake Onega and the White Sea. From the Rybinsk Reservoir, the Volga turns east and south through several more reservoirs; between the Oka River and the city of Kazan', it doubles in volume. At Kazan', west of the Ural Mountains, the Volga veers sharply south, narrowing at the city of Saratov. The river continues south until reaching Volgograd, where it turns southeast and empties into the Caspian Sea. At Volgograd, the river is connected with the Volga-Don Canal, which carries water and freight west to the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Before reservoirs were created, the upper Volga was 7 to 11 m (23 to 36 ft) deep, the middle Volga 12 to 14 m (39 to 46 ft) deep, and the lower Volga 3 to 15 m (10 to 49 ft) deep. At its widest point the river spans more than 1.6 km (1 mi). [PAR] III. Economic Importance [PAR] The Volga is an essential part of Russia's transportation complex, carrying more than two-thirds of all traffic on the country's inland waterways. Mechanized port facilities were first constructed along the Volga in the early 1930s; today more than 900 ports and 550 industrial docks line the river's banks. The most important port cities are [PAR] Tver', Rybinsk, Yaroslavl', Nizhniy Novgorod, Kazan', Simbirsk, Samara, Saratov, Kamyshin, Volgograd, and Astrakhan'. Eight complexes combining dams, reservoirs, and hydroelectric facilities operate on the river; they are located at the cities of Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorodets, Nizhniy Novgorod, Cheboksary, Samara, Saratov, and Volgograd. Together with hydroelectric stations on a tributary, the Kama River, the Volga power facilities can produce 11 million kilowatts per hour. The Volga also supports about 70 species of fish, 40 of which have commercial value. These include the Caspian roach, herring, pike, and sturgeon. [PAR] The Volga has long suffered from unregulated industrial and agricultural activities in its basin. Industrial wastes and runoff from cities and farmland have polluted it; and much of its watershed has been deforested, leading to increased erosion and silting. Irrigation extracts water in increasing amounts, which in turn lowers the Volga's flow and limits its ability to regenerate. Water extraction has also reduced the level of the Caspian Sea. Dams and hydroelectric"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maps of rivers in China- Top 10 Rivers Top 10 Rivers in China & Maps of Rivers in China [PAR] Home \u00bb Top 10s in China \u00bb Top 10 Rivers in China [PAR] Maps of rivers in China- Top 10 Rivers [PAR] With more than 50,000 rivers, China abounds in rivers. Almost all large rivers in China belong to the exterior river system, which directly or indirectly emptying into the seas. Because China's terrain is high in the west and low in the east, most of its rivers flow east and empty into the Pacific Ocean, including the Yangtze , Yellow, Heilong, Pearl, Liaohe and Haihe rivers. [PAR] The Biggest River in China: [PAR] Yangtze River - 6,300km (3,915 miles) [PAR] Yellow River - 5,464km (3,395 miles) [PAR] Heilongjiang River - 4,370km (2,715 miles) [PAR] Songhuajiang River - 1,927km (1,197 miles) [PAR] Zhujiang River - 2,200km (1,367 miles) [PAR] ... [PAR] [PAR] 1. Yangtze River (Changjiang, \u957f\u6c5f) [PAR] Any China tour cannot be complete without a Yangtze River cruise , which is a vacation within your fast-paced China land trip. The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, the third longest in the world. It originates from the snow-capped Geladandong\u2014the main peak of Tanggula Mountains of the Qinghai and Tibet plateau, flows through Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan , Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu, and finally enters into the East China Sea in Shanghai. The 6300-kilometer-long Yangtze River has eight major tributaries and a catchment area of 1.8 million square kilometers, which equivalent to 1/5 of the total land of China. [PAR] Yangtze River Cruise has become a must-do activity when visitors visit China. The Yangtze River winds its way through high mountains and deep valleys with many tributaries. The cruise always includes a variety of exciting shore excursions to local riverside villages and historic sites. The highlights of the Yangtze River are the magnificent Three Gorges and the famous Three Gorges Dam . [PAR] 2. Yellow River (Huanghe, \u9ec4\u6cb3) [PAR] The Yellow River, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers, is the second longest river in China. The Yellow River is the birthplace of ancient Chinese culture and the cradle of Chinese Civilization. It is originated from the Bayanhar Mountain Range in Qinghai Province, meandering across 9 provinces and finally emptying into the Bohai Sea at Kenli of Shandong Province. [PAR] The unique scenery of the Loess Plateau is extremely attractive. Along the Yellow River, tourists can not only fully enjoy the breathtaking natural scenery of the Yellow River, but also explore the Chinese history and culture. The multiplying and growing sites of Chinese ancients can be found along the Yellow River, showing the rise and decline of China's history. [PAR] 3. Heilongjiang River (Heilongjiang, \u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f) [PAR] The Heilongjiang River (also called Amur), the Sino-Russian boundary river, runs eastwardly across the northern part of north China and finally empties into the Sea of Okhotsk. Its entire length is 4,370 kilometers, the 11th largest river in the world. Wherever the Heilongjiang River flows across, the forests are luxuriant and the aquatic grasses are verdant. The river is in the shape of a black dragon and the name of the Heilongjiang River was thus formed. [PAR] 4. Songhuajiang River (Songhuajiang, \u677e\u82b1\u6c5f) [PAR] The Songhuajiang River (also known as the Sungari River in English) is a river in Northeast China, and it is the largest tributary of the Heilongjiang River, flowing about 1,927 km from Changbai Mountains through the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. In winter, the beautiful rime along the banks of the Songhuajiang River is the unique feature"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rivers in North America - North American Rivers, Major ... Rivers in North America - North American Rivers, Major Rivers in Canada Us Mexico - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Rivers in North America - North American Rivers, Major Rivers in Canada Us Mexico [PAR] Ohio: [PAR] Formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Ohio flows generally southwest. It forms the natural borders of Ohio and West Virginia, Ohio and Kentucky, as well as parts of the borders of Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky. It empties into the Mississippi River at the Illinois border and is (975 miles) (1,569 km) long. [PAR] Rio Grande: [PAR] It is one of the longest rivers in North America at (1,885 miles) (3,034 km). It begins in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado, then flows south through New Mexico. It forms the natural border between Texas and the country of Mexico as it flows southeast to the Gulf of Mexico. In Mexico it is known as Rio Bravo del Norte. Used for drinking water by both countries, the river is becoming more polluted as population centers that dot the river grow in size, and then dump sewage and pesticides into the water. [PAR] St. Lawrence: [PAR] This river flows northeast out of Lake Ontario and on into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It's (760 miles) (1,225 km) in length and permits the passage of deep-water ships between the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes. It includes a series of man-made canals, locks and dams, and is considered one of the most vital shipping routes on the planet. Additional details on the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. [PAR] Yukon: [PAR] It begins in the southwestern edge of the Yukon Territory of Canada, and then flows northwest across the border into Alaska. This massive river continues southwest across central Alaska, ending at the Bering Sea. Even at a length of (1,265 miles) (2.035 km), most of it is navigable, however, it remains frozen from October through mid-June."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Predator (1987) - IMDb Predator (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A team of commandos on a mission in a Central American jungle find themselves hunted by an extraterrestrial warrior. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 26 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 17 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 05 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 20 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Aug 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Predator \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Amidst a territorial gang war in 1997, a sophisticated alien hunter stalks the citizens of Los Angeles and the only man between him and his prey is veteran L.A.P.D. officer, Lieutenant Mike Harrigan. [PAR] Director: Stephen Hopkins [PAR] A group of elite warriors parachute into an unfamiliar jungle and are hunted by members of a merciless alien race. [PAR] Director: Nimr\u00f3d Antal [PAR] When a man goes for virtual vacation memories of the planet Mars, an unexpected and harrowing series of events forces him to go to the planet for real - or does he? [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] During an archaeological expedition on Bouvet\u00f8ya Island in Antarctica, a team of archaeologists and other scientists find themselves caught up in a battle between the two legends. Soon, the team realize that only one species can win. [PAR] Director: Paul W.S. Anderson [PAR] In a dystopic and crime-ridden Detroit, a terminally wounded cop returns to the force as a powerful cyborg haunted by submerged memories. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] The moon from Alien (1979) has been colonized, but contact is lost. This time, the rescue team has impressive firepower, but will it be enough? [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] After her last encounter, Ripley crash-lands on Fiorina Fury 161, a maximum security prison. When a series of strange and deadly events occur shortly after her arrival, Ripley realizes that she brought along an unwelcome visitor. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] A retired elite Black Ops Commando launches a one man war against a group of South American criminals who have kidnapped his daughter . [PAR] Director: Mark L. Lester [PAR] A fearless, globe-trotting, terrorist-battling secret agent has his life turned upside down when he discovers his wife might be having an affair with a used car salesman. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] Two centuries after her death, Ellen Ripley is revived as a powerful human/alien hybrid clone who must continue her war against the aliens. [PAR] Director: Jean-Pierre Jeunet [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X [PAR] A seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg is sent from 2029 to 1984 to assassinate a waitress, whose unborn son will lead humanity in a war against the machines, while a soldier from that war is sent to protect her at all costs. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Violet - The Incredibles - Pixar movie - Character Profile ... Violet - The Incredibles - Pixar movie - Character Profile - Writeups.org [PAR] Jump to the game stats [PAR] Content [PAR] Violet is one of the main characters of the 2004 Pixar animation movie The Incredibles. The movie encountered both critical and commercial success. [PAR] The Incredibles deals with super-heroism, family life and emotions, violence, and being different. [PAR] Background [PAR] Real Name: Violet Parr [PAR] Other Aliases: Violet. It is very obvious from the film\u2019s plot that a secret ID is incredibly important to a super\u2019s life, so it is thus unlikely that Violet will continue to adventure as \u201cViolet\u201d. I suggest \u201cInvisigirl\u201d because it follows the film\u2019s naming tradition of simple, descriptive names. [PAR] Marital Status: Single [PAR] Known Relatives: Robert Parr (Aka Mr. Incredible, father), Helen Parr (Aka Elastigirl, mother), Dashiell Robert Parr (Aka Dash, brother), Jack-Jack (Possibly Jacob) Parr (brother). [PAR] Group Affiliation: The Incredibles [PAR] Base Of Operations: Metroville [PAR] Height: 5\u2019 (Note:Violet\u2019s official height is listed at 4\u2019 6\u201d. but that is clearly not accurate, by comparing her height to her mother\u2019s and to her boyfriend\u2019s. I went with 5\u2019, which seems accurate, but is still on the short side for a girl her age. [PAR] Weight: 90lbs Age: 14 [PAR] Eyes: Dark Blue Hair: Black (probably dyed) [PAR] Powers and Abilities [PAR] A pretty much normal teenaged girl otherwise, Violet/Invisigirl can become invisible (partially or fully) and can erect force fields with a high degree of imperviousness to harm (One of her fields protected her family from Syndrome\u2019s crashing plane). [PAR] Violet has difficulty using her Force Field when she is under stress. [PAR] Video [PAR] HD version of the official trailer. [PAR] History [PAR] Mr Incredible was his world\u2019s most famed and lauded super-hero (supers, as they are called popularly), until a mishap while preventing a potential suicide led to a lawsuit for damages. [PAR] This triggered not only an avalanche of personal-injury lawsuits against Mr Incredible personally, but a public backlash of opinion against supers in general, and most of them were forced to go underground to keep from being sued to death. [PAR] Mr. Incredible and his new wife, Elastigirl , retired and became simple Mr. and Mrs. Parr, and started raising a family. [PAR] Cut to 15 years later. [PAR] Bob Parr is an insurance claims specialist with a midlife crisis and a desire to go back to the \u201cold days\u201d. He\u2019s fed up with his pushy boss and his immoral profession. He and his best buddy Lucius Best (aka Frozone ), spend Wednesday nights cruising the city in a car, listening to the police scanner, and saving people on the sly. [PAR] Helen is trying hard to be a mom to 3 kids, two of whom have superpowers of their own and fight constantly. She has worked too hard to build a normal life for her family to abide his nostalgia for heroism. [PAR] Violet, their daughter, is having problems relating to people and is withdrawn and moody. Dash , their son, is chafing at the restrictions placed on him, and getting into trouble at school. [PAR] When Mr. Incredible is offered the chance to play the role of hero again by a mysterious informant, he jumps at the opportunity. But when it turns out to be a trap set by an old nemesis he had a hand in corrupting, the whole family must reveal themselves to save Mr. Incredible and countless innocents. [PAR] The Incredibles discover that their real power comes from their unity,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of vehicles - James Bond Wiki - Wikia List of vehicles | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] American Motors [PAR] AMC Hornet - Featured in The Man with the Golden Gun . Bond steals this car in Thailand , unknowing that Sheriff J.W. Pepper was in it looking to test drive it. It was used for the famous corkscrew jump, a computer-designed stunt that was captured in one take. [PAR] AMC Matador - Featured in The Man with the Golden Gun. Francisco Scaramanga and Nick Nack use this car to kidnap Mary Goodnight and make their escape. The vehicle is converted into a 'car plane'; see Aircraft section below. [PAR] Other passenger cars [PAR] Sunbeam Alpine roadster - Featured in Dr. No . Bond drives to Miss Taro's home in the Blue Mountains; he is pursued by Dr. No's thugs driving a LaSalle hearse. In the novel version, Bond drives the car that formerly belonged to Commander Strangways, the murdered agent in Kingston. It is also driven by Quarrel . [PAR] Toyota 2000GT convertible - Featured in You Only Live Twice . Owned by Aki . Two prototype convertibles were built especially for the film; no others were made. One 2000GT convertible was located in South Africa awaiting restoration into the Cars for the Stars museum. [PAR] Triumph Stag - In Diamonds Are Forever , Connery is seen early in the movie driving a yellow Stag to Amsterdam, while posing as diamond smuggler Peter Franks . [PAR] Studillac - Featured in the novel Diamonds Are Forever. A custom black Studebaker convertible with a Cadillac engine, plus special transmission, brakes and rear axle, owned by Felix Leiter . The combination of the aerodynamic Raymond Loewy designed body with the powerful Cadillac engine made it into a remarkable sports car. Studillacs were not fictional, but actually built by a Long Island, NY company called Bill Frick Motors from 1953 Studebaker Starlight bodies. [PAR] Mini Moke - Featured briefly in Live and Let Die and later in The Spy Who Loved Me. In Live and Let Die, Bond and Rosie use this vehicle to drive to the harbour to meet Quarrel Jr. In The Spy Who Loved Me , the crew of the Liparus supertanker use a Mini Moke in their defence against a break out by the submarine crews. [PAR] 1971 Cadillac Fleetwood - Featured in Live and Let Die. When Bond spots the white Superfly-esque pimpmobile (a Les Dunham Corvorado - a Chevrolet Corvette with Cadillac Eldorado body panels), Mr. Big, Solitaire , and Tee Hee leave their secret facility where a voodoo shop is actually one of Dr. Kananga's hideouts. The Cadillac is later seen outside a Fillet of Soul restaurant alongside a Dunham-converted Cadillac Eldorado coupe. [PAR] Citro\u00ebn 2CV - Featured in For Your Eyes Only . A tiny but seemingly indestructible (rental) car belonging to Melina Havelock that Bond uses to make a \"fast\" getaway after Melina assassinates Hector Gonzales , who murdered her parents. The car used in the movie was allegedly fitted with a Citro\u00ebn GS 4-cylinder boxer engine (in place of the standard 2-cylinder boxer), to make it able to outrun the two Peugeot 504s in pursuit. [PAR] Alfa Romeo GTV6 - Featured in Octopussy . After falling from Octopussy 's train and hitching a lift in a Volkswagen Beetle, Bond steals this car to make the last stage of his journey to the US Air Force Base. West German police BMW 5 Series pursue Bond after his theft of the vehicle. Interestingly, sharp eyes will spot that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star Trek cloaking device Star Trek cloaking device [PAR] Share [PAR] Technology of Romulan origin, first described in 2266, that can generate an energy screen to render a target object \u2014 usually a spacecraft \u2014 relatively invisible to sensors. [PAR] Due to their immense power drain, cloaking generators have usually prohibited simultaneous use of other major systems such as weaponry, shields or warp drive . [PAR] Although common to Klingon ships as well since the short-lived alliance with Romulus in the 2260s, Federation vessels have agreed to forego use of cloaks under the Treaty of Algeron, except in the case of the U.S.S. Defiant , which utilizes such a device by special arrangement."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Shadow (1994) - IMDb The Shadow (1994) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In 30's New York City, the Shadow battles his nemesis, Shiwan Khan, who is building an atomic bomb. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Walter B. Gibson (character The Shadow from stories), David Koepp [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 19 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 04 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Shadow \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Based on the 1930's pulp fiction and radio drama series, the film pits the hero against his arch enemy, Shiwan Khan, who plans to take over the world by holding a city ransom using an atom bomb. Using his powers of invisibility and \"The power to cloud men's minds\", the Shadow comes blazing to the city's rescue with explosive results. Written by Michael Ross <M.I.Ross-iy1i9893@lmu.ac.uk> [PAR] Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men? See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG-13 for fantasy action violence | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 1 July 1994 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The line \"The weed of crime bears bitter fruit\" is taken directly from the conclusion of episodes of the radio show. At the end of every episode, after the announcer has given the credits, The Shadow would say \"The weed of crime bears bitter fruit. Crime does not pay! The Shadow knows,\" and then laughs See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] At the start of the fight on the balcony, when the Shadow lifts one of Khan's men by his helmet, you can see the wires pulling the guy off his feet. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Dr. Roy Tam : [confused] Who *are* you? [PAR] Moe Shrevnitz : [holds up his hand with an identical ring on it] Somebody who owes him their life... somebody just like *you*. [PAR] Whistled and sung by Ethan Phillips [PAR] Later sung by John Lone while on top of the Empire State Building [PAR] Walter Gibson Should Be Proud [PAR] 23 April 2001 | by Falkeep [PAR] (Texas) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] This movie was the best effort to bring this unique hero to the big screen. Granted, although I like her in general, Penelope Ann Miller was not as strong a Margo as I would have liked, otherwise, I thought this was an outstanding achievement. The look and feel are perfect and I loved how they made sure many of The Shadow's regular crew made their appearances... Shrivey, Roy Tam, Burbank. [PAR] The main reason I wanted to comment on this movie, however, was because of the question raised by Patrick in London about why Baldwin's nose changed shape when he became The Shadow. Lamont Cranston's hawk-nosed profile was one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Invisible Woman (Character) - Comic Vine Invisible Woman (Character) - Comic Vine [PAR] Invisible Woman [PAR] The Invisible Woman wiki last edited by leandro_rab on 11/15/15 12:32PM View full history [PAR] Origin [PAR] Sue Storm and her younger brother Johnny had a pretty normal and happy childhood until their mother died in a car accident. Their father, Dr. Franklin Storm who was a famous and talented surgeon, could not save her life. Unfortunately, Franklin was unable to cope with the loss. As a result he became an alcoholic and a gambler. He got into a scuffle with a loan shark and accidentally killed him, and was later charged with murder, sending him to jail. Sue visited him in jail but her father asked her not to visit anymore and to tell Johnny that he was dead. He felt ashamed of his actions and believed he was not worthy of his children. At this point Sue was forced to become both mother and sister to Johnny. Caring for her brother throughout most their childhood caused Sue to mature far earlier than most children her age. Eventually, the Storm siblings moved in with their aunt who owned a boarding house, and it was there she met the man who would shape her life. Sue met and fell for Reed Richards , a tenant of her aunt's boarding house. Richards was a genius and a brilliant scientist. He was attending Columbia University at the time. [PAR] Many years passed before Sue and Reed finally crossed paths again. In an attempt to become an actress, young Susan went to California to pursue acting and met up with Reed once again. Reed was taken by the woman Susan had become and shortly afterward they began dating. [PAR] Fantastic Four 1 (1961) [PAR] Around this time, Reed was trying to accomplish his lifelong dream of building a spaceship, which he funded with his own money along with government grants. The government threatened to cut off funding as it was tiring of what they considered to be Reed's overly fastidious preparations. Desperate to try out the ship, Reed took his best friend and test pilot Ben Grimm , Sue, and Johnny on an unauthorized trip into outer space. They had all helped in the design, but the ship did not have adequate shielding and they were bombarded by cosmic rays. The ship was forced back into Earth's atmosphere and crashed-landed. The four discovered that the cosmic rays had mutated them and given them superhuman abilities. They decided to use their powers to fight evil and became the Fantastic Four . Their first adventure was against the Mole Man and his monster allies. [PAR] Creation [PAR] Invisible Woman [PAR] Sue Storm was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby . She first appeared in Fantastic Four #1 in November 1961 as a founding member of the Fantastic Four, Marvel's first superhero team. Stan Lee and Jack Kirby created the Fantastic Four after seeing what a success their main competitor DC Comics' superhero team comic book \" Justice League of America \" was. It has also been rumored that Stan Lee got his inspiration to create the Fantastic Four from DC Comic 's Sea Devils team. If this is true, then Susan Storm was originally Marvel Comic's counterpart to Judy Walton of the Sea Devils. Due to the success of the Fantastic Four, DC Comics produced its own version of the Marvel team (called Challengers of the Unknown .) Thus a character such as June Robbins could be said to be based on Sue Storm (or alternately"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE INVISIBLE MAN - David McCallum THE INVISIBLE MAN [PAR] THE INVISIBLE MAN [PAR] Yesterday's Heroes: Fantasy Heroes from a younger, less cynical age [PAR] To most genre fans, David McCallum is best known as secret agent Illya Kuryakin from The Man from UNCLE. Others think of him with Joanna Lumley as elemental time detective Steel in ATV's bizarre Sapphire and Steel. Jon Abbott, however, remembers quite a different role, and one that--despite flopping badly in the US--was quite a success over here.... [PAR] There have been a number of Invisible Man TV shows over the years, two of them British--a late '50's version (which had precious little to do with [PAR] HG Wells' original novel, and has recently been shown on ITV and Bravo), and a stylish 1984 six-parter, which adapted the 1897 novel quite faithfully. Neither, however, bear more than a passing resemblance to the forgotten version that come in-between--an action-adventure which, despite the presence of Brit star McCallum, was pure Hollywood through and through. Like the first TV version of the story, the McCallum show featured a sympathetic Invisible Man, who used his strange abilities for good--and was a far cry from Wells' bitter, destructive character. As with the Six Million Dollar man before it, the pilot was surprisingly dark in tone, the regular series that followed lightening things up considerably. It began with Doctor Daniel Westin (McCallum) accidentally rendering himself invisible in a lab accident, while working for the sinister KLAE corporation. Later, when he discovers KLAE wants to use his discovery for militaristic purposes, Westin destroys his equipment and the key to the process. Until he can return himself to normality, he decides to use his extraordinary powers for secret government missions he deems worthwhile, often aided by his wife, and all the time appearing in public under a lifelike rubber mask and gloves... [PAR] Invisible Men: A screen history [PAR] Invisible men were nothing new on film or TV when Dr. Westin had his unfortunate accident. Back in 1933, for instances, horror veteran Claude Rains had portrayed the lead character in James Whale's The Invisible Man. The Invisible Man Returns followed in 1940, this time starring Vincent Price as the luckless scientist. It was the espionage thriller Invisible Agent, however, which pitted John Hall against the Axis forces in 1941, that most closely mirrors the format of the McCallum TV show. There was also an Invisible Woman in 1941, and an Invisible Boy in 1957, while everyone from Disney to Charles Band has had a go at exploiting the concept since. Invisible monsters abound in TV episodes (Lost in Space, The X-Files, etc.) and films (memorably Forbidden Planet and Predator) too, while the more obvious human delights of invisibility have been explored in various lame teen comedies (Zapped and The Invisible Maniac spring to mind). More restrained mischief-making is to be found in TV's Topper, Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), and Quantum Leap, or cinema's Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man, Ghost, and Memoirs of an Invisible Man, among others. \"Regular\" TV heroes who've enjoyed brief spells of invisibility include the original Star Trek's William Shatner and three Next Generation crew members, Time Tunnel's James Darren, and--bizarrely!--Magnum's Tom Selleck. [PAR] Where are they now? [PAR] For all the diversity of his roles on TV and occasionally--the cinema, David McCallum always seems to be playing David McCallum, and The Invisible Man was no exception. He's a likeable guy, all the same, and makes for a charismatic hero. There's no trouble finding him today, either--he's escaped the obvious typecasting as Illya Kuryakin of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hollow Man (2000) - IMDb Hollow Man (2000) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Scientists discover how to make people invisible, but their test subject becomes an insane killer who stalks them. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 19 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 22 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 13 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Hollow Man \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 7 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A Seattle detective and a biologist are on the run from a dangerous invisible assassin gone rogue. [PAR] Director: Claudio F\u00e4h [PAR] Searching for a cure to Alzheimer's disease a group of scientists on an isolated research facility become the bait as a trio of intelligent sharks fight back. [PAR] Director: Renny Harlin [PAR] A group of scientists try to track down and trap a killer alien seductress before she successfully mates with a human. [PAR] Director: Roger Donaldson [PAR] A \"National Geographic\" film crew is taken hostage by an insane hunter, who takes them along on his quest to capture the world's largest - and deadliest - snake. [PAR] Director: Luis Llosa [PAR] Natives of a small isolated town defend themselves against strange underground creatures which are killing them one by one. [PAR] Director: Ron Underwood [PAR] Three people attempt to stop a gigantic crocodile, who is terrorizing residents in Black Lake, Maine. [PAR] Director: Steve Miner [PAR] Humans in a fascistic, militaristic future do battle with giant alien bugs in a fight for survival. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] A species of South American killer spider hitches a lift to the U.S. in a coffin and starts to breed and kill. [PAR] Director: Frank Marshall [PAR] When an army of Graboids - giant, carnivorous underground worms - threaten the Petromaya oil refinery in Mexico, its owners call on Earl Bassett, who once helped kill four of the creatures ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: S.S. Wilson [PAR] A violent, suspended police detective investigates a brutal murder, in which a manipulative and seductive woman could be involved. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] During his 50th birthday party thrown by his wife, Remco's life takes a turn for the worse. His business partners are scheming behind his back to sell him out and his former mistress shows up pregnant. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] Nomi, a young drifter, arrives in Las Vegas to become a dancer and soon sets about clawing and pushing her way to become the top of the Vegas showgirls. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Having discovered they could turn animals invisible, a group of scientists test the subject on a human. Head of research, Dr. Sebastian Caine decides to use himself as the subject. After the experiment can't be reversed, it takes a toll on Caine's personality, causing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film) - League of ... The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film) | League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Wiki [PAR] The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film) [PAR] 375pages on [PAR] Share [PAR] The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen is a 2003 superhero film, loosely based on the first volume of the comic book series of the same name. It was released on July 11, 2003 in the United States, was distributed by 20th Century Fox, directed by Stephen Norrington, and starred Sean Connery, Naseeruddin Shah, Peta Wilson, Tony Curran, Stuart Townsend, Shane West, Jason Flemyng and Richard Roxburgh. [PAR] It is an action adventure film set late in the late 19th Century, featuring an assortment of fictional literary characters appropriate to the period, who act as Victorian Era superheroes. The film adaptation's plot and general atmosphere, however, is very far from the original comic book. The characters draw from creations by H. R. Haggard, Bram Stoker, Iam Fleming, H. G. Wells, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Mark Twain, Oscar Wilde and Robert Lewis Stevenson, among many others. [PAR] The film was intended to spawn a Film Franchie based on further titles in the original comic book series, and this first film was indeed financially successful. It was however critically panned, and a lack of enthusiasm for a sequel resulted in the film franchise idea being dropped. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] In 1899, an attack on the Bank of England in London is committed by a group of men who appear to be German soldiers using advanced explosives and automatic weapons, and even the first ever tank. This is followed by an attack on a German Zeppelin factory in Berlin by the same men, this time dressed as British soldiers, that leads Europe to the brink of war. An emissary of the British government, Sanderson Reed , arrives in a gentlemen's club in British East Africa , hoping to recruit the legendary, but now aged, hunter and adventurer Allan Quatermain (Sean Connery) to investigate the situation. Though Quatermain's sense of patriotism has waned, he wishes to protect his beloved Africa from war and agrees, especially after his lodge is attacked and destroyed by a band of assassins. [PAR] In London, Quatermain meets with the mysterious \" M \", who explains his plan to assemble a modern version of a group of talented individuals known as the \"League of Extraordinary Gentlemen\", which aids the world in times of need, in this case to combat the threat of the \" Fantom \", who is the true mastermind of the current crisis, and ensure world peace, by stopping him from destroying Venice . Quatermain is introduced to the Indian Captain Nemo , Commander of the world's only submersible vessel Nautilus ; invisible gentleman thief Rodney Skinner , who works for the government in hopes of an antidote for the invisibility serum he stole; and Mina Harker , a vampire and well-regarded chemical scientist. The group also recruits the mysterious immortal Dorian Gray , Dr. Henry Jekyll (who can transform into the superhumanly strong Edward Hyde under the effects of a special elixir), and American Secret Service Agent Tom Sawyer ; in Hyde's case, he has to be hunted down by Quatermain and Sawyer before Jekyll offers his services for reprieve in London for his crimes as Hyde. [PAR] With the team complete, the group takes off on Nemo's submarine, the Nautilus, and set off for Venice. The group worry there is a traitor in their midst when flash powder"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Brown and Snoopy's relationship | Peanuts Wiki ... Charlie Brown and Snoopy's relationship | Peanuts Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Charlie Brown and Snoopy's relationship [PAR] Charlie Brown and Snoopy's relationship [PAR] 1,327pages on [PAR] Share [PAR] Charlie Brown and Snoopy. [PAR] Snoopy is Charlie Brown 's dog, and they have a strange but strong relationship. Despite them not being from the same species, they are still very close friends, although sometimes they become annoyed with each other. Charlie Brown does many things for Snoopy, and Snoopy normally appreciates these things, but sometimes he does not. In the end, they both need each other, and on many occasions they are shown hugging each other, implying they do love each other. [PAR] Charlie Brown's opinion of Snoopy [PAR] Charlie Brown loves Snoopy and cares for him deeply, and thinks he is a great dog. In early strips, Charlie Brown seems to miss Snoopy when they go to sleep, even though he knows that they will see each other first thing the next morning. [PAR] In strips from later years, Charlie Brown gets a little annoyed by Snoopy's laziness. All Snoopy ever seems to do is sleep on his doghouse , and wait for Charlie Brown to bring his dog food out . However, even when Charlie Brown is annoyed at Snoopy, he still brings out his food. He even sometimes plays pranks on Snoopy when he brings his supper out (for example, he tells Snoopy he has decided that Snoopy should become a vegetarian, to which Snoopy replies: \"What a rotten joke! My heart is still pounding!\"). [PAR] Charlie Brown also seems to be annoyed by Snoopy's fantasy life . A famous quote often said by Charlie Brown when he sees Snoopy in his fantasies, is, \"Why can't I have a normal, ordinary dog like everyone else?\". Sometimes Charlie Brown gets so fed up with the beagle's imagination and imitations that he drags Snoopy inside. [PAR] However, even though Snoopy can be a pain sometimes, Charlie Brown still loves him, and especially loves when he greets him when he comes home from school (On one occasion, Charlie Brown even convinces Snoopy to greet him on Sunday, even though there was no school). They are often shown hugging, particularly after they have been reunited after a separation, and Charlie Brown has implied that he enjoys the fact he is depended on by someone. Charlie Brown has even, on one occasion, decided to quit school and devote the rest of his life to making Snoopy happy. He even helps Snoopy rebuild his doghouse in a storyline where it gets destroyed. In June 1989, Charlie Brown leaves camp early, because he missed Snoopy too much. [PAR] Snoopy's opinion of Charlie Brown [PAR] Snoopy first calls Charlie Brown \"that round-headed kid\" in the April 14, 1969 comic strip. [PAR] Snoopy is Charlie Brown's dog, and likes Charlie Brown. However, [PAR] Snoopy helps Charlie Brown retrieve a autographed baseball, in a comic strip on July 11, 1975. [PAR] since April 1969 , he has been unable to remember Charlie Brown's name, and just calls him \"that round-headed kid\". [PAR] It sometimes seems that Snoopy does not appreciate Charlie Brown, but rather, just likes the fact he feeds him every night. Snoopy can become very upset if Charlie Brown brings him supper just a few minutes later than usual, even though Charlie Brown brings it every single day. In one storyline, when Charlie Brown has to go to the hospital, Snoopy does not really care very much until he finds out he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Santa's Little Helper - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Santa's Little Helper | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Santa's Little Helper races at the Springfield Downs . [PAR] History [PAR] Homer was relying on a Christmas bonus to buy presents, but didn't get it. He was relying on this bonus because the jar of Christmas money that Marge accumulates for the family's Christmas treats was disposed of to pay for the removal of a tattoo that Bart got on his arm. Homer took the small amount of Christmas money he made working as Santa Claus at the Springfield Mall and bet it at the dog track. He had inside information on what dog was going to win, but instead bet on the \"long shot,\" Santa's Little Helper, believing his name to be a sign. Santa's Little Helper finished last (apparently, it was the latest in a long string of last-place finishes), and his frustrated owner abandoned him. Homer and Bart brought him home, and everyone was so happy with him that it was a merry Christmas after all. [1] [PAR] Snowball II , Maggie and Santa's Little Helper together for a picture [PAR] Sometimes, Santa's Little Helper can be seen chewing on the newspaper and other objects in the Simpson's household (sometimes ignored or tolerated by the family), tearing up the furniture, digging holes in the backyard and eating food from the living room table. It is stated that Homer and Santa's Little Helper's birthdays are on the same day. [2] [PAR] With a few exceptions, Santa's Little Helper doesn't make any sound that resembles a bark. However, he does have an ability to think just like a person. Once, he made a sound similar to \"chewy\", and Homer writes it down in his review, amazed that the dog spoke English. [3] He is also shown to have ridden a circus ball on his hind legs and speak the phrase 'We love... you!' in an attempt to be given some attention from the Simpson family. [4] In addition, he was mascot of Duff Beer , and was known as Suds McDuff (a reference to a similar, real life mascot Spuds MacKenzie). [5] [PAR] Santa's Little Helper licking Bart [PAR] Santa's Little Helper's life with the Simpsons is not always easy. Due to his disobedience and destructive behavior nearly caused the Simpson family to give him away, but he passed an obedience class, thus he could stay. [6] Santa's Little Helper almost passed away from gastric torsion (referred to in the show as a \"twisting of the stomach\") because Homer initially couldn't afford $750 for the required operation. [7] He also broke two legs when Bart's treehouse was demolished by Mr. Burns ' slanted oil well drill (The latter of which caused Bart Simpson to hate Mr. Burns immensely). [8] Santa's Little Helper is sometimes a bad dog. [PAR] At one time, Santa's Little Helper was shortly abandoned by Bart for Laddie , a purebred and very well-trained dog he bought from a mail-order catalog together with various other expensive gifts and gadgets. To do that, Bart used a credit card he applied for under the name of his dog, yet the credit card company misread the form and issued a card to Mr. \"Santos L. Halper\". Laddie learned many tricks that Santa's Little Helper was completely unable to perform (most notably a back flip, CPR and using a toilet). The Simpson family nearly forgot about their old pet, and Bart eventually gave him away instead of Laddie when repo men take back everything he fraudulently purchased."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Disney\u2019s History of Remaking Old Animated and Live-Action ... Disney\u2019s History of Remaking Old Animated and Live-Action Films | Deja Reviewer [PAR] Disney\u2019s History of Remaking Old Animated and Live-Action Films [PAR] Posted on April 6, 2016 by Robert Lockard, the Deja Reviewer [PAR] Disney is about to debut its second attempt at a live-action Jungle Book remake next week. So I figured now is a good time to look back at Disney\u2019s numerous tries at remaking their old animated and live-action films into modern live-action films. They\u2019ve been doing this since the early 1990s with varying levels of success. [PAR] As I went through all of these remakes and adaptations, I noticed that they seem to fall into four categories or eras. So let\u2019s go through them and see how Disney is building its future by mining its rich past. [PAR] Remaking Their Own Movies (1993 \u2013 2006) [PAR] The modern idea of a Disney remake didn\u2019t begin with 1994\u2019s The Jungle Book. Actually, it started a year earlier with Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey. You probably didn\u2019t realize that this beloved kids film is a remake of 1963\u2019s The Incredible Journey. That first film had a narrator provide all of the exposition the audience needs throughout the film. Homeward Bound added dialogue for the animals themselves. It made a little over $40 million at the box office, earning a healthy profit. And three years later it led to a sequel about the animals getting lost in San Francisco. [PAR] After that modestly successful beginning came 1994\u2019s The Jungle Book. I saw that movie shortly after it came out and I remember being surprised to see Cary Elwes playing the villain and Bruce Lee playing Mowgli. I know it\u2019s not actually Bruce Lee, but that\u2019s how I\u2019ll always think of that actor. The film came across as more Tarzan than Jungle Book, especially with the love story and the villain. It managed to break even with a little over $40 million, again. [PAR] 1996 was a game-changing year. That year saw the debut of 101 Dalmatians. They got a lot of top talent for this project: actors Glenn Close and Jeff Daniels in leading roles, Stephen Herek (director of Bill and Ted\u2019s Excellent Adventure ) to direct, and John Hughes to write the screenplay, which is probably why it feels at times more like Home Alone than a remake of the 1961 animated film. This film made $320 million worldwide, which guaranteed plenty more remakes to follow. It even got its own sequel, 102 Dalmatians, in 2000. [PAR] In quick succession, we got 1997\u2019s That Darn Cat and Flubber. Those also had some impressive talent with the likes of Christina Ricci and Robin Williams starring in them. Then came the Lindsey Lohan trio: 1998\u2019s amazing The Parent Trap , 2003\u2019s solid Freaky Friday, and 2005\u2019s so-so Herbie: Fully Loaded. The first two are definitely superior to the originals, but there\u2019s just no beating Herbie\u2019s first adventure in 1969\u2019s The Love Bug. [PAR] Unfortunately, all good things must come to an end, and Disney\u2019s foray into straight remakes ended in 2006 with the Tim Allen vehicle The Shaggy Dog. The 1959 original has a certain charm to it, but the remake\u2019s off-putting use of CGI and phoned-in performances didn\u2019t exactly leave me begging for more. This era started with a howl and ended on a whimper. [PAR] Remaking Others\u2019 TV Shows and Films (1994 \u2013 2004) [PAR] At the same time as Disney was raiding its own library of old films, it was also doing its best to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robbie Jackson | EastEnders Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Robbie Jackson | EastEnders Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Robbie Jackson is a fictional character from EastEnders . He is the son of Carol Jackson and her ex partner Gary Bolton . [PAR] Storylines [PAR] Backstory Robbie was the product of a whirlwind romance between teenagers Gary Bolton and Carol Branning . Carol already had a daughter, Bianca, from a previous relationship and upon discovering that she was pregnant again she and Gary got engaged and began living together before she gave birth to their son at just 16. They were happy for a while, but Gary soon began to feel tied down at such a young age and walked out on Carol and her two children just months after their son's birth. Robbie and his half sister Bianca saw many surrogate father figures during their childhood, one of which led to the birth of their half sister Sonia before Carol entered a relationship with the steady and reliable Alan Jackson in 1987. They became parents to Billie in 1988 and not long afterwards Alan adopted Robbie and his sisters, resulting in them all taking on the name Jackson. [PAR] 1993\u20132010 [PAR] Robbie arrives in the Square in 1993 with the rest of the Jackson clan. Initially a troublesome teen, Robbie has little success at school and is frequently in trouble for his behaviour, along with his friend Kevin. In November 1994, the pair find a dog which Robbie names Wellard. Robbie manages to persuade the dog's owner to relinquish care to him, after he discovers that Wellard was being neglected, and Wellard then becomes Robbies's pet. As he ages, Robbie becomes more responsible, but has little success in anything he chooses to do. He has several careers in Albert Square including radio control for the Evans' mini cab company, waiter, a job as manager in the local video rental store, and later as the market road sweeper. [PAR] Robbie is generally unsuccessful with women. He has a crush on Sarah Hills and is responsible for taking her virginity in 1997. Although Sarah initiated the intercourse, she is unable to cope with what has occurred and runs away, leaving her father Ted Hills to assume that Robbie has raped his daughter. Ted assaults Robbie; he is hospitalised and has to undergo a spleenectomy, before Sarah returns to reveal the truth. Robbie forms a more serious relationship with Kerry Skinner in 2000. They get engaged; however, when Robbie discovers that Kerry has cheated on him, the engagement ends. [PAR] Robbie decides to track down his birth father, Gary Bolton in 2001. He finds him in Portsmouth, and discovers he has a half brother, Kevin. The meeting ends up being a disappointment for Robbie, when he discovers Gary had left his own mother to be with his half-brother's mother. He leaves angrily, but Gary later traces Robbie to Walford and gives him a large cheque which allows him to travel around India, and pay for sister Sonia's nursing training. When Robbie returns to Walford and meets young widow Nita Mistry, they begin a slow-burning relationship, despite Nita's initial reticence. Eventually they move in together with Nita's son Anish, but Nita decides to return to India in 2003 to live with her parents, who can provide for Anish better than she can. Robbie goes with her and Anish to live in Mumbai, and he leaves Wellard in the care of his friend, Gus Smith . [PAR] Robbie returns briefly for Sonia and Martin Fowler's wedding in 2004. He returns"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enid Blyton - The Famous Five Enid Blyton - The Famous Five [PAR] The Famous Five [PAR] Buy all the Famous Five books with free worldwide shipping [PAR] The Famous Five are a group of children who have the sort of adventures most kids dream about, in a world where ginger beer flows and ham rolls are a staple diet. Julian, Dick and Anne get together with their cousin George in the first adventure, Five On A Treasure Island. [PAR] George is actually a girl who wants so desperately to be a boy she crops her hair and struts about doing boy things. She hates it when people call her by her correct name, Georgina. She has a dog called Timmy\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdoh yes, and an island. Most kids just have a dog, but George's parents own Kirrin Island and let her run around on it as if it were her play-thing. Her parents are known to Julian, Dick and Anne as Uncle Quentin and Aunt Fanny. [PAR] 1. Five On a Treasure Island (1942) [PAR] The very first Famous Five adventure featuring Julian, Dick, Anne, and tomboy George along with her beloved dog, Timmy. There's a shipwreck off Kirrin Island, but where's the treasure? The Five are on the trail, looking for clues... but they're not alone and time is running out. [PAR] 2. Five Go Adventuring Again (1943) [PAR] There's a thief at Kirrin Cottage! The Famous Five think they know who it is, but they need to prove it! Where can they find evidence? The discovery of an old map and very unusual hiding place is all they need to get to the bottom of this mystery and uncover the true culprit! [PAR] 4. Five Go To Smuggler's Top (1945) [PAR] Can there still be smugglers at Smuggler's Top? The Famous Five go to stay at the large old house, and discover lots of brilliant hiding places, even underground tunnels! Then they catch people signalling out to sea\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwho are they? [PAR] 6. Five On Kirrin Island Again (1947) [PAR] What is Uncle Quentin up to, all alone on Kirrin Island? He won't let anyone visit, not even George and the rest of the famous Five. But Uncle Quentin isn't really alone on the island\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsomeone is watching his every move. [PAR] 7. Five Go Off to Camp (1948) [PAR] Spook trains in the middle of the night! And they seem to vanish into thin air\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbut where do they go? The Famous Five are on to it. But the discovery of an unusual underground tunnel system, and a train-service, has them puzzled. If they follow the tracks, will they solve the mystery? [PAR] 8. Five Get Into Trouble (1949) [PAR] The Famous Five are distraught! Dick has been kidnapped\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdmistaken for somebody else! The gang finally track him down\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdto a lonely, abandoned house\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbut then they too are seized and held captive. How will the intrepid Five get themselves out of this mess? [PAR] 9. Five Fall Into Adventure (1950) [PAR] Julian, Dick and Anne are really worried\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdGeorge and her devoted Timmy have just disappeared! Not only that, somebody has broken in to Kirrin Cottage. Could there be a connection? The Famous Five think so, but it's going to be tough getting to the bottom of this mystery. [PAR] 10. Five On a Hike Together (1951) [PAR] Dick is puzzled when he's woken by a light flashing through his window. Is someone trying to send him a coded message? And when the Famous Five hear of an escaped convict in the area, they are on red alert. The police won't help,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the Labour Party \u2013 The Labour Party History of the Labour Party \u2013 The Labour Party [PAR] History of the Labour Party [PAR] Kinnock and the policy review [PAR] With Labour heavily defeated in the 1979 election, the party began a new period of soul-searching. Internal debates about the party constitution dominated, and led eventually to the forming of a breakaway group, the Social Democratic Party, in 1981. Michael Foot, the veteran left-winger, was elected leader but he was hampered by divisions within the party and proved unable to reverse Labour's decline in support. With Labour moving further to the left, the 1983 election resulted in a crushing defeat. Labour gained 27.6 per cent, its lowest showing since 1918 and not much above the Liberal/SDP Alliance. [PAR] [PAR] Hope for a revival in Labour's fortunes came from Welsh MP Neil Kinnock, who replaced Michael Foot as leader in 1983. Kinnock first sought to sideline the extreme left within the party, such as the group Militant, and then to restore Labour's image with the general public. His speech to the 1985 Party Conference, where he attacked Militant from the platform, was seen as a sign of the new Labour leader's courage and commitment to change. This was followed by changes to Labour's image, headed by a new Campaigns and Communications directorate under Peter Mandelson. A visible sign of the changes afoot was the replacement of the party's emblem - the red flag - by a red rose at the 1986 conference. Even with such changes, Kinnock was unable to recover much ground and Labour still lost the 1987 election heavily. More thorough-going reform was necessary and therefore the party began a process of policy review. The outcome, Meet the Challenge, Make the Change, ended Labour's commitment to unilateral nuclear disarmament, high taxation and old-style nationalisation. [PAR] Labour's fourth successive election defeat was a major shock to the party. Kinnock's successor, Scottish lawyer John Smith, promised to continue the process of reform, including tackling the trade union block. At the 1993 Party Conference Smith won the vote on One Member One Vote (OMOV), removing direct union representation in parliamentary selections, by the smallest of margins, and largely due to the last-minute speech by John Prescott. If he was careful in his dealings with the party, in the Commons Smith was less restrained. [PAR] Immediately after the election the Tories were wrong-footed by the crisis in sterling and exit from the Exchange Rate Mechanism. Black Wednesday as 16 September 1992 became known, was a gift to Smith, who used his considerable parliamentary skills to attack the Conservatives. With record-breaking (for the time) local election results in 1994, John Smith was rightly optimistic about the future of the Party. \"A chance to serve, that is all we ask\", Smith told a gathering of Labour supporters on 11 May 1994. The event was to be his last. Early the next morning he suffered a massive heart attack. Just as with Gaitskell in 1963, Labour had lost a leader on the verge of power. [PAR] New Labour [PAR] The ensuing leadership contest saw the election of Tony Blair, the youngest-ever leader of the Labour Party. Blair was widely known to be a moderniser and his leadership election statement was clear that Labour must be reformed radically if it was to win office again. Yet for any still in doubt, Blair showed his true intentions in his first speech to party conference as leader, when he called for the updating of Clause IV of the party's constitution. [PAR] While opposed by some traditionalists,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trident: the British question | Ian Jack | UK news | The ... Trident: the British question | Ian Jack | UK news | The Guardian [PAR] The long read [PAR] Trident: the British question [PAR] The debate is not simply about submarines and missiles. It touches almost every anxiety about the identity of the United Kingdom. The decision may tell us what kind of country \u2013 or countries \u2013 we will become [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] At this moment, a British submarine armed with nuclear missiles is somewhere at sea, ready to retaliate if the United Kingdom comes under nuclear assault from an enemy. The boat \u2013 which is how the Royal Navy likes to talk about submarines \u2013 is one of four in the Vanguard class: it might be Vengeance or Victorious or Vigilant but not Vanguard herself, which is presently docked in Devonport for a four-year-long refit. The Vanguards are defined as ballistic missile submarines or SSBNs, an initialism that means they are doubly nuclear. Powered by steam generated by nuclear reactors, they carry ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads. [PAR] The location of the submarine \u2013 both as I write and you, the reader, read \u2013 is one of several unknowns. Somewhere in the North Atlantic or the Arctic would have been a reasonable guess when the Soviet Union was the enemy, but today nobody could be confident of naming even those large neighbourhoods. Another unknown is the number of missiles and warheads on board. Each submarine has the capacity to carry 16 missiles, each of them armed with as many as 12 independently targetable warheads; but those numbers started to shrink in the 1990s, and today\u2019s upper limit is eight missiles and 40 warheads per submarine. Even so, those 40 warheads contain 266 times the destructive power of the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima. [PAR] Vickers (now BAE Systems) built the submarine hulls at Barrow; Rolls-Royce made the reactors in Derby; the Atomic Weapons Establishment produces the warheads at Aldermaston and Burghfield in Berkshire. All these inputs are more or less British (less in the case of the Atomic Weapons Establishment, which is run by a consortium of two American companies and Serco), but the missile that they were built to serve and without which they would not exist is American: the Trident D5 or Trident II, also deployed by the US navy, comes out of the Lockheed Martin Space Systems factory in Sunnyvale, California. [PAR] Trident: the British question [PAR] Read more [PAR] According to the Ministry of Defence, a British ballistic missile submarine has been patrolling the oceans prepared to do its worst at every minute of every day since 14 June 1969, when the responsibility for Britain\u2019s strategic nuclear weapons passed from the Royal Air Force to the Royal Navy. Over the course of 46 years, many things have changed. Resolution-class submarines with Polaris missiles were replaced with Vanguards and Tridents nearly 20 years ago. The submarines are far bigger \u2013 a Vanguard submarine is twice as long as a jumbo jet \u2013 while the missiles have enormously increased their range and the warheads their precision. But the system, known as continuous-at-sea-deterrence or CASD, is essentially the same: four submarines work a rota which has one submarine on a three-month-long patrol, another undergoing refit or repair, a third on exercises, and a fourth preparing to relieve the first. The navy\u2019s code name is Operation Relentless. [PAR] This is an epic vigil, born in the cold war and not abandoned by its passing, and the government intends that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - World Wars: Why Churchill Lost in 1945 BBC - History - World Wars: Why Churchill Lost in 1945 [PAR] Why Churchill Lost in 1945 [PAR] By Dr Paul Addison [PAR] Last updated 2011-02-17 [PAR] Labour's landslide in the 1945 general election remains one of the greatest shocks in British political history. How did Winston Churchill, a hugely popular national hero, fail to win? [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Politics in peacetime [PAR] Between 1940 and 1945 Winston Churchill was probably the most popular British prime minister of all time. In May 1945 his approval rating in the opinion polls, which had never fallen below 78 per cent, stood at 83 per cent. With few exceptions, politicians and commentators confidently predicted that he would lead the Conservatives to victory at the forthcoming general election. [PAR] ... it is hard to imagine anyone who could have played the role of national leader with greater success than Churchill ... [PAR] In the event, he led them to one of their greatest ever defeats. It was also one for which he was partly responsible, because the very qualities that had made him a great leader in war were ill-suited to domestic politics in peacetime. [PAR] Politicians are often rejected by voters because they have failed in office. But one of the reasons why Churchill lost the general election in 1945 was because he had succeeded in completing the almost superhuman task he had taken on in 1940, and in a way this made him redundant. [PAR] His first act as prime minister in 1940 was to invite the leaders of the Labour, Liberal and Conservative parties - Attlee, Sinclair and Chamberlain - to serve in a Coalition Government. This became the administration, robustly surviving external shocks and internal quarrels, that mobilised the British for total war, and it is hard to imagine anyone who could have played the role of national leader with greater success than Churchill did at that time. [PAR] The conduct of the war, however, was his overriding passion, and military victory was by far the most important of his goals - thus everything else, including party politics, was secondary. As a result, when the war came to an end and party politics resumed, Churchill suddenly found himself without a clear sense of purpose or direction. [PAR] Top [PAR] Competing claims [PAR] Winston Churchill addressing crowd during General Election, July 1945 \u00a9 It was not from a commitment to party, but in order to consolidate his authority as a war leader, that Churchill had assumed the leadership of the Conservatives in succession to Neville Chamberlain in October 1940. He thought of the party much as a knight in medieval times thought of his horse, as a mount on which to go into battle. [PAR] Never was a party so leaderless as the Conservative Party is today ... [PAR] This single-mindedness could, of course, be seen as a great asset in a period of national emergency, but there is no doubt that Churchill neglected Conservative interests during the war years. 'Never was a party so leaderless as the Conservative Party is today', wrote one Conservative backbench MP in October 1944. [PAR] Meanwhile the Labour Party and its allies in the media ran an effective propaganda war on the home front. They vilified members of the pre-war Conservative party as having been appeasers of Hitler, and of having been responsible for the failure to re-arm Britain. And they painted the 1930s in dismal colours as an era of poverty and mass unemployment. At"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Citizen Arcane : Design Citizen Arcane : Design [PAR] Citizen Arcane [PAR] If the headline is big enough, it makes the news big enough. [PAR] All the Web that's fit to blog. [PAR] Price: Free [PAR] Tricked-Out Bikes [PAR] Just about everything at the Mermaid Parade is dressed up, even the bikes. [PAR] And this concludes my photos from last year's Mermaid Parade. I'll put up this year's photos when they come back from developing. [PAR] Posted by Citizen Arcane on July 3rd, 2005 [PAR] Foot Fetish [PAR] Continuing excerpts from my photos taken at last year's Mermaid Parade. [PAR] Some costumes had pretty fancy footwear. The woman below is wearing, if not PowerSkip shoes, something amazingly close. These spring-loaded leg extensions amplifying the human ability to run, hop, and skip. (I'm amazed the Mexican Government isn't giving these to its citizens to more easily cross into the United States in violation of our immigration laws. Hey, if Mexico's government is publishing a guide on how to cross the border, it's fair game for political commentary like this.) [PAR] Neither works well on sand, though. [PAR] Posted by Citizen Arcane on July 2nd, 2005 [PAR] Pharoah Ratner [PAR] Some Brooklyn residents created their \"Shark of the Covenant\" political piece to call attention to Bruce Ratner's plan to raze a large Brooklyn neighborhood \u2014 isn't eminent domain wonderful when it benefits private interests? \u2014 in order to build, at public expense, a basketball stadium for the Nets. (And you thought Bloomberg's stadium for the Jets was unique in the annals of New York City corruption?) [PAR] Posted by Citizen Arcane on June 30th, 2005 [PAR] Another political statement from someone who clearly remembers Sigmund the Sea Monster. It isn't easy, smoking green. [PAR] Posted by Citizen Arcane on June 29th, 2005 [PAR] Octopus\u2019s Garden [PAR] Not all women went as mermaids, though. This one is an octopus. (Not gonna say it. I'm not gonna say it.) [PAR] Ok, I couldn't help myself. Here's the obligatory octopus comment, but done slightly more cleverly than quoting from a James Bond movie (would you expect any less?): [PAR] I'd like to be under the sea [PAR] In an octopus' garden in the shade [PAR] He'd let us in, knows where we've been [PAR] In his octopus' garden in the shade [PAR] I'd ask my friends to come and see [PAR] An octopus' garden with me [PAR] I'd like to be under the sea [PAR] In an octopus' garden in the shade. [PAR] \"Octopus's Garden,\" The Beatles, Abbey Road, 1969 [PAR] Posted by Citizen Arcane on June 28th, 2005 [PAR] Many of the costumes had political themes, such as Enron or how King George Bush II was corrupt. (When it comes to booty, I much prefer the mermaid variety.) [PAR] Posted by Citizen Arcane on June 27th, 2005 [PAR] Burning Rubber [PAR] This entry continues photos from last year's parade. [PAR] I don't know what it is about muscle cars, but the owners feel continually obliged to prove they've got something in their pants, I mean, under the hood, by destroying tires and innundating bystanders with the heady perfume of incinerated petroleum products. Mmmmmm. Burning tire! The official cologne of testosterone and machismo. (Or, as Troma Films so succinctly put it, \"Macheesmo: real cheese for real men.\") But, in all fairness, it is in keeping with muscle car etiquette. How else can one show off a huge, throbbing, uh, engine. [PAR] The Mermaid Parade is, of course, no different. Here's a purple monster proving that, yes, if you stand on the brake, pop"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold Wilson's 'white heat' speech was aimed at the ... Harold Wilson's 'white heat' speech was aimed at the 'squeezed middle' | Steven Fielding | Science | The Guardian [PAR] Political science [PAR] Harold Wilson's 'white heat' speech was aimed at the 'squeezed middle' [PAR] When Harold Wilson sat down after a speech opening the 1963 Labour conference debate on science, he probably didn't realise he had just delivered one of post-war British politics' most cited pieces of rhetoric. He just wanted to win a general election [PAR] Harold Wilson arriving at 10 Downing Street on 17 October 1964 after Labour won power. Previously the party had lost three general elections in a row. Photograph: Roger Jackson/Getty Images [PAR] Political science [PAR] Harold Wilson's 'white heat' speech was aimed at the 'squeezed middle' [PAR] When Harold Wilson sat down after a speech opening the 1963 Labour conference debate on science, he probably didn't realise he had just delivered one of post-war British politics' most cited pieces of rhetoric. He just wanted to win a general election [PAR] Friday 20 September 2013 02.00 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 20 September 2013 02.00 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Contemporaries hailed Wilson's invocation of the promise of \"the scientific and technological revolution\" and of the need for government to plan Britain's response to \"the white heat of technological change\" as outlining a new vision of socialism. Many historians have also subsequently praised the Labour leader's evocation of a spirit of optimism in a Britain emerging from austerity into affluence, albeit with an economy starting to lag behind the likes of West Germany and France. [PAR] As I have pointed out elsewhere , Wilson's speech was designed to address more than the country's alleged failure to apply science to industry. It formed part of Labour's attempt to make itself relevant to what its leaders were assured was a new electoral landscape, one in which the \"traditional\" working class was in decline and nationalisation outmoded. That at least is what Labour leader Hugh Gaistkell told his party's conference in 1959 a few weeks after it had lost its third general election in a row. [PAR] Those who accepted Gaitskell's revisionist analysis believed Labour had to focus its appeal on those \"intermediate voters\" found in the skilled working class and lower middle class who were enjoying rising real incomes on an unprecedented scale. They believed this group had rejected the party in 1959 because they thought it out of date and only standing for the lowest in society. [PAR] Labour's leaders and officials also accepted the view that: \"Elections are won by the picture the party \u2026 has presented over a period of time prior to the election.\" The intermediate voters were deemed to be uninterested in the substance of policy and only reachable through catchy slogans and images. [PAR] With that in mind, in 1961 the party launched a competition to improve the appearance of its local offices. Constituency agents were asked of voters: \"Do they, from looking at YOUR premises, get the idea that Labour is finished, down-at-heel, out of date, or do they get the impression of a modern forward looking Party, clean, efficient and belonging to the space age?\" [PAR] 'Let's Go with Labour' campaign poster, 1963. Photograph: Labour Party/James Boswell [PAR] In the summer of 1963 Labour also launched an expensive national campaign based around the slogan \"Let's Go With Labour and we'll get things done\", one accompanied \u2013 as in the poster illustrated above \u2013 by a thumbs-up symbol, as well as the promise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scottish cyclist Graeme Obree targets new world record ... Scottish cyclist Graeme Obree targets new world record - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] Scottish cyclist Graeme Obree targets new world record [PAR] 17 Dec 2011 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Obree was nicknamed the Flying Scotsman after breaking the hour time trial record [PAR] Scots cyclist Graeme Obree has set his sights on a new world record, aiming to break the human-powered vehicle land speed time by a considerable margin. [PAR] Obree, 46, famed for his unusual bike designs and unorthodox cycling positions, is hoping to break the current 83mph record on a new vehicle. [PAR] \"I don't want to curse it, but I would like to do 100mph,\" said Obree. [PAR] \"If everything was perfect, with the power output and aerodynamic drag then 100mph might be possible.\" [PAR] Obree was nicknamed 'The Flying Scotsman' after he broke the hour time-trial record on a bicycle he built himself from washing machine parts, but retired from top-level cycling in 2001. [PAR] I'm always thinking what the limits are - I take everything to a limit where it can be - and that's what sport is all about; taking everything to its possible limit [PAR] Graeme Obree [PAR] He was depicted by actor Jonny Lee Miller in a film in 2006 and was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame last March, but now he wants to take cycling to its ultimate limit. [PAR] \"I am setting out to attack the world land speed record, which is on a bicycle, but there's no rules,\" Obree told BBC Scotland. [PAR] \"It's a branch of the sport called human powered vehicles. The record is set as under the same conditions as cars - it's on a flat road, not wind assisted, and with no other vehicle assistance. [PAR] \"It'll be on a straight, flat road, probably in Colorado at Battle Mountain.\" [PAR] The trial will see Obree gather speed in a rocket-like transporter that contains a flat bike and a protective membrane which he has been working on for 15 years. [PAR] The Scot believes his own determination and refusal to accept limitations has inspired him to seek goals that seem impossible or unattainable. [PAR] \"I'm building the bike myself with some help,\" added Obree. \"The whole thing is no more than three feet off the ground - it's basically a human torpedo - you pedal it like fury. [PAR] \"I've kept my fitness over the past few years and I've kept it going which means I have good shout of getting the power up. [PAR] \"I've been thinking about this for 15 years - but when it comes to the skin, it's not my area of expertise. [PAR] \"The skin is a vitally important combination of carbon and Kevlar in case you fall off at 100mph. If that happens, then you're going to lose some of your own skin, which is not worth thinking about. [PAR] \"I'm always thinking what the limits are - I take everything to a limit where it can be - and that's what sport is all about: taking everything to its possible limit.\" [PAR] Share this page[DOC] [TLE] The Flying Scotsman rides again: Graeme Obree reveals ... The Flying Scotsman rides again: Graeme Obree reveals Beastie, the bicycle he'll ride in an attempt to break world record | Daily Mail Online [PAR] show ad [PAR] The Flying Scotsman rides again: Graeme Obree reveals Beastie - the bicycle he'll ride in an attempt to break world record [PAR] Former Olympic cyclist Graeme Obree, 47,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Other Sport | World Darts 2004 | All in the ... BBC SPORT | Other Sport | World Darts 2004 | All in the name of darts [PAR] All in the name of darts [PAR] Ted 'The Count' Hankey gets to grips with the world title trophy [PAR] Ted 'The Count' Hankey and Andy 'The Viking' Fordham - they are figures that seem to have been lifted straight from the pages of history. [PAR] But darts are their only weapons of choice and it seems you have not arrived on the oche until you have acquired a nickname. [PAR] Two-time finalist Hankey's tag only starts to make sense when you see him and realise he is the spitting image of a Hammer House of Horror Dracula - a younger version of snooker's Ray Reardon. [PAR] The 2000 champion suffered in 2001 when he lost in the final to John 'Boy' Walton, named after the popular 1970s TV character. A triumph of good over evil if ever there was one. [PAR] All three will be in action when the biggest names in darts reconvene at the Lakeside in 2004, as will the man with the shortest name in darts, Co Stompe. [PAR] In a world stereotyped by big-bellied beer guzzlers, the Dutchman also happens to be the thinnest player and not surprisingly goes by the names 'Pencil' or 'Matchstick' due to his thin-as-a-rake appearance. [PAR] Orange-clad fans will be hoping he is feeling sharp and lights up his first round meeting against Norway's Austrian-born Robert Wagner, a magician in his spare time who is known as 'The Meat Eater'. [PAR] If Wagner comes up against England captain Martin 'Wolfie' Adams, there can be but one winner - at least in the name steaks - sorry, stakes. [PAR] But as well as the inspired, there is the predictable. [PAR] Triple world champion and number one seed Raymond van Barneveld clearly spent more time on the practice board than the chalkboard in coming up with 'Barney'. [PAR] Steve Beaton - The Bronze Adonis - sports his golden mullett [PAR] And Mervyn 'The King' King liked his name so much he used it twice. [PAR] At least they are not just plain awful, a dubious list that must be topped by kilt-wearing 1997 champion Les Wallace, transformed into 'McDanger', while Richie Burnett is the 'Prince of Wales'. [PAR] Check out the world title honours board and you can see darts has always been a name game, the list of former champions including the likes of Phil 'The Power' Taylor, Dennis 'The Menace' Priestley and the legend that is 'The Crafty Cockney', five-time winner Eric Bristow. [PAR] They played with the likes of Rod 'Prince of Style' Harrington and, most bizarrely, Bob 'Limestone Cowboy' Anderson - a reference to his vaguely country-and-western get-up and roots. [PAR] Anderson's 1988 win shows darts is no follower of fashion, a fact confirmed by Steve Beaton - 'The Bronze Adonis'. [PAR] Beaton was anything but when he took the title in 1996 sporting the footballers' favourite 1980s haircut, the mullett, long past its sell-by date. [PAR] Whatever you think of the tags, it all adds to the fun."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Golf Today's A to Z of Golf: Nicknames of golfers, past ... Golf Today's A to Z of Golf: Nicknames of golfers, past and present [PAR] Nicknames of golfers, past and present [PAR] A [PAR] Aquaman [PAR] Woody Austin: he fell in a lake on the follow-through from a difficult lie on the bank during the 2007 Presidents Cup [PAR] B [PAR] Babe [PAR] Mildred Ella Didrikson Zaharias: hugely gifted all-round sportwoman, called 'Babe' (from Babe Ruth) after hitting five home runs in a baseball game. 41 LPGA wins, including ten majors (four of them won as an amateur). [PAR] Big Easy [PAR] Ernie Els: because he's big, and makes it look so easy. [PAR] Big Fijian [PAR] Tough one, this. It's Vijay Singh. Because he's big (1m88, 94kg) too, and he's from Fiji. [PAR] Big Mama [PAR] JoAnne Carner: winner of 43 LPGA titles, including two US Women's Opens - a tall, powerful woman. [PAR] Big Wiesy [PAR] Michelle Wie: tall, willowy and with effortless length, ie a sort of female Ernie Els. [PAR] Black Knight, The [PAR] Gary Player: South African legend, famous for wearing black, supposedly to help him absorb the sun's energy. [PAR] Boo [PAR] Thomas Brent Weekley, a keen hunter and woodsman (from Boo Boo Bear, cartoon character friend of Yogi Bear) [PAR] Boom Boom [PAR] Fred Couples: a reference to his immense power off the tee. [PAR] Boss of the Moss [PAR] Loren Roberts: one of the finest putters in the game. [PAR] Buffalo Bill [PAR] Billy Casper: prolific winner of tournaments from the 50's to early 70s, including two US Opens and a Masters. Fought a lifelong battle with his weight, and ate buffalo meat and organic vegetables to try and keep it down. [PAR] Bulldog [PAR] Corey Pavin : a reference to his gritty, determined, never-give-up playing style, rather than his slight, short-hitting physique. Won the 1995 US Open with a memorable 4-wood to 5 feet on the final hole. [PAR] C [PAR] Champagne Tony [PAR] Tony Lema: winner of the 1964 Open Championship. Aquired the name after promising champagne to the press if he won the Orange County Open in 1962 (he did). Died aged 32 in 1966 when his plane ran out of fuel and crashed onto a golf course. [PAR] Chippie [PAR] Paul Lawrie: 1999 Open Champion, for his enviable short game, developed as a child by chipping balls into a small gravel circle in which stood the rotating clothes line on which his mother hung the washing. [PAR] Chocolate Soldier [PAR] Henry Picard: American winner of the Masters and US PGA, contemporary of Sam Snead and Ben Hogan. \"Pick\" to his friends, he was head pro at the Hershey Country Club in the 1930s, whence the nickname. Also called the \"Hershey Hurricane\". [PAR] Choke, The [PAR] Scott Hoch: unforgiving reference to his habit of challenging for, but losing major titles, including missing two 2-3 foot putts in the 1989 Masters which ultimately gave Nick Faldo the title. [PAR] Chucky Three Sticks [PAR] Charles Gordon Howell III: as in I, I and I... [PAR] D [PAR] Doc [PAR] Gil Morgan: successful US pro (7 PGA and 25 Champuions Tour wins, who is also a qualified Doctor of Optometry. [PAR] Double D [PAR] Former world number one David Duval. [PAR] Duffy [PAR] James Joseph Waldorf, Jr: four-time PGA Tour winner and wine connaisseur, with a taste in flamboyant shirts and golf balls decorated by his children. [PAR] El Gato [PAR] Eduardo Romero: Spanish for cat - the Argentine has a feline way of stalking around his shots. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Boxers - The Greatest Boxers of All Time Famous Boxers - The Greatest Boxers of All Time [PAR] Famous Boxers [PAR] Muhammad Ali (1942) [PAR] Famous For: Being widely considered one of the greatest boxers of all time. [PAR] The Greatest, \u201cThe People\u2019s Champion,\u201d these are nicknames given to one of the most famous athletes in the world, Muhammad Ali. He has born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. before he converted to Islam in 1964. Before turning professional, Ali won a gold medal at the Olympics in Rome in 1960 as a light heavyweight. As a professional heavyweight, we won fifty-six, 37 by knockout. Some of his fights have been given titles, most famous include, \u201cRumble in the Jungle,\u201d in Kinshasa, Zaire against George Foreman and \u201cThe Thrilla in Manila,\u201d in Manila, Philippines against Joe Frazier. Ali was a multiple heavyweight champion during his career as a boxer. [PAR] Manny Pacquiao (1978) [PAR] Famous For: World champion in eight weight divisions [PAR] Eight division world champion, the first to ever accomplish the feat, Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao was named \u201cFighter of the Decade\u201d in 2009. A southpaw, Pacquiao\u2019s record is an impressive 54-5 with 2 draws. This is one fighter who has received more than his share of nicknames that include: Pac Man, The Nation\u2019s Fist, Destroyer, Mexicutioner and the list goes on. [PAR] Mike Tyson (1966) [PAR] Famous For: Unified the heavyweight titles under the WBA, WBC, & IBF [PAR] At twenty years old, Mike Tyson became the undisputed heavyweight champion, unifying the WBA (World Boxing Association), WBC (World Boxing Council), and the IBF (International Boxing Federation) heavyweight titles. \u201cThe Baddest Man on the Planet\u201d, as Tyson was known, won 44 of his fifty fights by knockout. He is also known as Iron Mike and Kid Dynamite for his hard hitting punches. [PAR] Floyd Mayweather Jr. (1977) [PAR] Famous For: Undefeated record [PAR] Rated as the best pound for pound fighter today, Floyd Mayweather Jr. remains undefeated. He is a world champion in five divisions beginning with the Super Featherweight, Lightweight, Welterweight, Light Welterweight, and Light Middleweight, divisions. As an amateur, he had an 84-6 record, as a professional, he is 45-0. He has two nicknames to date, \u201cMoney\u201d & \u201cPretty Boy.\u201d [PAR] Jack Johnson (1878-1946) [PAR] Famous For: Galveston Giant [PAR] The \u201cGalveston Giant\u201d or John Arthur Johnson became the first Black American world boxing heavyweight (179 lbs not more than 201) champion. His reign as champion lasted for seven years. He had a total of 114 fights, he won eighty fights, forty-five by knockouts; twelve draws, fourteen no-contest, and 13 losses. Johnson was an \u201corthodox\u201d style of boxer. [PAR] George Foreman (1949) [PAR] Famous For: Rumble in the Jungle [PAR] Two time World Heavyweight Champion George Foreman was one of the most famous boxers of his time that go with his epic battles against the likes of Joe Frazier, Ken Norton, and Muhammad Ali. In 1968, he won the gold medal at summer Olympics in Mexico City. In his storied boxing career, Foreman compiled seventy-six wins. He was the oldest, at age 45, Heavyweight champion to win the title. His nicknames include, \u201cThe Heywood Giant, Big George, and the Punching Preacher.\u201d [PAR] Roy Jones Jr. (1969) [PAR] Famous For: 1990s Fighter of the Decade [PAR] After starting as a boxer in the light middleweight division, Roy Jones Jr. eventually found himself winning the heavyweight title. During the 1990s, Jones received the recognition for being the \u201cFighter of the Decade.\u201d He garnered a total of 56 wins during his professional career, receiving the title Champion as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London 2012 Olympics: how Eric 'the Eel' Moussambani ... London 2012 Olympics: how Eric 'the Eel' Moussambani inspired a generation in swimming pool at Sydney Games - Telegraph [PAR] London 2012 Olympics: how Eric 'the Eel' Moussambani inspired a generation in swimming pool at Sydney Games [PAR] Eric Moussambani Malonga can remember the precise moment his life - and his name - changed forever. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] Great lengths: Eric 'the Eel' Moussambani during the 100m freestyle heats at the Sydney Aquatic Centre in 2000 Photo: EPA [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] Man in charge: Eric 'the Eel' Moussambani, who came to global recognition in the Sydney Olympic pool, is now coaching the Equatorial Guinea swimming team [PAR] By Jennifer O\u2019Mahony [PAR] 11:00PM BST 27 Jul 2012 [PAR] It was an April morning in 2000 and the 22 year-old was listening to the radio at his home in his native Malabo, the ramshackle capital city of Equatorial Guinea. [PAR] Over the airwaves, a message crackled out: would members of the public who wanted to try for a place in the national Olympic swimming squad please make themselves known. Moussambani\u2019s ear pricked up: he was not even a member of a club, let alone the national team, but still he vowed to attend the trials. [PAR] He was the only one who bothered and so, by default, he was selected for the Sydney Games: it was the first in a chain of perfect coincidences in the life of the man now known the world over as Eric the Eel. [PAR] From then until his appearance in Australia, Moussambani was on his own. \u201cMy preparation was very poor because I did not have a coach,\u201d he recalls. \u201cI was training by myself, in the river and the sea. My country did not have a competition swimming pool, and I was only training at the weekends, for two hours at a time. I didn\u2019t have any experience in crawl, breaststroke, or butterfly. I didn\u2019t know how to swim competitively. [PAR] \u201cThe first time I swam in the sea I was 12 years old and was on vacation in my mother\u2019s village. My first time in a swimming pool was on May 6 2000 in the Hotel Ureca swimming pool.\u201d [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Payne ready to take plunge [PAR] 26 Jul 2012 [PAR] Moussambani landed in Sydney just months later, after a gruelling three-day journey. \u201cI felt so good when I arrived in Sydney; it was amazing. I was happy being at the Olympics , because it was a new experience for me. We arrived early in the morning, at around 5am, after travelling from Malabo to Libreville (Gabon) to Paris to Hong Kong and on to Sydney.\u201d [PAR] Moussambani did not have to achieve a qualifying standard because of a wildcard draw to encourage developing countries to send athletes to the Games, and his lone trajectory was further accelerated when the two other swimmers in his 100m freestyle heat were disqualified for false starts. [PAR] That just left Eric, alone and unprepared on an Australian starting block and facing the first 50m pool he had ever seen in his life, surrounded by TV crews and 17,000 spectators. Everyone knows what happens next. [PAR] The 1min 52.72sec thrash through the pool, with Moussambani\u2019s legs askew and arms slapping through the water, captivated the world. Dressed in an ordinary pair of Speedo-style swim trunks, he could not have contrasted more with the sleek ease and amphibian spandex of the other competitors. [PAR] The pause after his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Footballer Nicknames - Pel\u00c3\u00a9, Pibe de Oro, Gazza, Becks ... Footballer Nicknames - Pel\u00c3\u00a9, Pibe de Oro, Gazza, Becks, Zizou: A Century of Diminutives | Sportslens [PAR] Hugo Steckelmacher 18 April, 2008 Best of SL , Lists , Managers [PAR] Don\u2019t call me Hugo any more. I\u2019m English, don\u2019t you know? So you have to change my name. At school, P.E. teachers insisted on branding me \u201cSteckel\u201d, although I suppose I should just be grateful I escaped that awful nom de plume that is the quintessentially British \u201cMacca\u201d. [PAR] It\u2019s 10:30pm, and a day both frustrating and unproductive has truckled obeisantly past. I\u2019ve seen the interview with \u201cLa Radio\u201d yabbering on about \u201cBerba/The Assassin\u201d and \u201cKeano\u201d. \u201cCurbs\u201d is frustrated \u2014 who wouldn\u2019t be? \u201cStevie G\u201d and \u201cEl ni\u00f1o\u201d just won\u2019t stop scoring, and \u201cthe Pope\u201d feels a little more secure on his Anfield throne. They once had a cocaine-snorting \u201cGod\u201d in Liverpool, you know? They say anything\u2019s possible up north. [PAR] As you will have made out from my opening paragraph, this post is going to be about [PAR] NICKNAMES [PAR] , and I must extend a note of thanks to my father, who was responsible for informing me about Fitz Hall\u2019s ingenious moniker \u201cOne size\u201d, and to Hall himself for inspiring this article. A shout out also to former Everton player Neil \u201cDissa\u201d Pointin and QPR \u2019s on-loan Chelsea midfielder Michael \u201cHaunted\u201d Mancienne. [PAR] I must admit, foreign influence in the Premier League is welcome in my eyes if only because it makes us rethink our sobriquets. The standard Anglican procedure, that of affixing the \u2018a\u2019 or \u2018y\u2019 sound onto any name whatsoever, nominally the surname \u2014 \u201cyes, I thought Stubbsy was mammoth at the back today\u201d \u2014 is problematized somewhat by these delicious foreign syllables. Oh, the torments of David Moyes and Alan Curbishley, who are two of the worst culprits. For every \u201cSheva\u201d and \u201cBerba\u201d that we manage to conjure up (the Bulgarian is also known as \u201cThe Assassin\u201d), there is an \u201cOle Gunnar Solskjaer\u201d, the \u201cBaby-faced Assassin\u201d whose surnames resist all butchering. Although I dread to think what would\u2019ve happened had he ended up at Arsenal, where some awful Gunnar/Gunner foreplay would surely have emerged. [PAR] And in truth, we have a lot to learn about nicknaming, us Brits. Where is the imagination? In the World Cup of nicknames, we are destined invariably to be knocked out on penalties. \u201cWazza\u201d against \u201cThe Beast\u201d? \u201cBecks\u201d versus \u201cThe Little Witch\u201d? (\u201cLittle Witch\u201d i.e. \u201cLa Brujita\u201d in Spanish is the name given to Juan Sebasti\u00e1n Ver\u00f3n \u2014 whom us Englanders branded simply \u201cSeba\u201d: it is the diminutive form of \u201cLa Bruja\u201d, Ver\u00f3n\u2019s father\u2019s nickname back at Estudiantes). For G-d\u2019s sake, as well as playing the best football at the 2006 World Cup, Argentina had by far and away the best set of sobriquets. [PAR] Admit it, as a defender you\u2019d cower at the sight of \u201cLa pulga at\u00f3mica\u201d, \u201cEl Apache\u201d and either one of \u201cValdanito\u201d or \u201cEl Jardinero\u201d lining up as a united front. It makes me laugh to think of the nomenclatural crisis that would be sparked in Alan Curbishley\u2019s brain when presented with a name like \u201cMessi\u201d. \u201cBut it already ends in the \u201cy\u201d sound.\u201d his phrenic cavity would grumble, with furrowed brow, before spitting out the only other sound we seem to know, and \u201cMezza\u201d he would be forever. Look what\u2019s happened to Rooney. And I much preferred \u201cRoonaldo\u201d to \u201cWazza\u201d. [PAR] And that\u2019s why Mr Hall\u2019s hilarious handle had me in raptures. We can do it, I thought. So I\u2019ve decided to set"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Willie John: A rugby legend - BBC Sport Willie John: A rugby legend - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] Willie John: A rugby legend [PAR] By Gavin Andrews [PAR] From the section Rugby Union [PAR] Share this page [PAR] Media playback is not supported on this device [PAR] Willie John McBride captained the Lions in 1974 [PAR] It started with a phone call. \"Hello, could I speak to Willie John McBride please?\" Speaking. [PAR] \"Hello Willie John McBride.\" Oh dear, how do you talk to a legend? You can't just call him Willie John like an old team-mate, can you? [PAR] \"It's Gavin from the BBC here, would you be free to meet for a chat about the Lions in 1974?\" [PAR] \"Yes. Tomorrow afternoon at my house about 2 o'clock Ok.\" [PAR] That went well, big deep breath. [PAR] Then came the drive up the lane to the McBride family home in Ballyclare. It was easier to say hello in person. Still, I kept it to Mr McBride. [PAR] A firm handshake and a welcome into the living room. He sat back in his armchair (if he still smoked a pipe I imagined he would have lit it). \"Well, what would you like to talk about?\" [PAR] \"You,\" I replied. [PAR] Rugby memorabilia was dotted around the room. Photos and mementos from journeys to far off frontiers with Ireland and the Lions. Willie John has an aura about him. At 74 he is still a big man, broad, a presence. [PAR] After a few pleasantries, it was time for the pitch. \"Mr McBride, we would like to tell your story to our generation; to the rugby fans who have known nothing but the modern game - World Cups, Six Nations and professional players. We want to show the days with no substitutions, and when a Lions tour lasted four months....and in your words.\" [PAR] He paused and started talking. Two hours of anecdotes later, we sat with eyes wide and mouths open. It was time to ask: \"Would you do a bit of filming with us and tell us some of those stories?\" [PAR] The diary came out of his back pocket. I'm free next Thursday. We were underway! [PAR] McBride's playing record stands favourable comparison with any of the greats of the game [PAR] What immediately struck me was the importance of his upbringing in Moneyglass, near Toomebridge in County Antrim. Growing up on the family farm, he lost his father at four years of age. [PAR] \"That's something that still wakes me up now and again. I often wonder what it might have been like to have had a father over those years,\" he said. [PAR] \"I had three brothers and a sister on the farm and my wonderful mother was a tremendous manager. I like to think she taught us proper values in life. [PAR] \"I believe those years gave me not only a strength, but mentally it gave me that will to go on. There was no such thing as stopping at half-time; you had to go the whole way.\" [PAR] There was no rugby history in the McBride family. A house match at Ballymena Academy at the age of 17 would change that, [PAR] \"They came to me and said, you're a big guy. If you play we'll have 15. I hadn't a clue about this game, but I was big and it wasn't a problem to me, I could shake people off.\" [PAR] After a short spell with Randalstown, he moved to Eaton Park and Ballymena Rugby Club where the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA World Cup official mascots - FIFA.com FIFA World Cup official mascots - FIFA.com [PAR] \u00a9 FIFA.com [PAR] FIFA World Cup\u2122 Mascots in History [PAR] The Official Mascots have come to play an increasingly important role in the FIFA World Cup\u2122, representing the fun side of the event. Cast as a variety of animals, fruit, vegetables and children (plus one or two abstract characters), their infectiously positive attitudes have added to the atmosphere of each competition in their own unique ways. [PAR] Official Mascots not only serve to promote the event and entertain the crowd in the stadium, but also become ambassadors of their country and worldwide \u201ccelebrities\u201d through their extensive use by the Commercial Affiliates of the FIFA World Cup\u2122, and through the licensing and merchandising programmes. [PAR] The first Official Mascot was introduced at the 1966 FIFA World Cup England\u2122 \u2013 \u201cWillie\u201d, a lion decked out in the Union Jack flag. As well as being a \u201clive\u201d mascot, he appeared as a cartoon design that was used to promote the competition and was the subject of the Official Song. As well as sparking the interest of the host nation, the mascot also showed the rest of the world that the event was fun for everyone. Below is a list of the Official Mascots to date: [PAR] 1966 England: World Cup Willie (lion) [PAR] 1970 Mexico: Juanito (boy) [PAR] 1974 West Germany: Tip and Tap (two boys) [PAR] 1978 Argentina: Gauchito (footballer) [PAR] 1986 Mexico: Pique (hot pepper) [PAR] 1990 Italy: Ciao (stick figure player) [PAR] 1994 United States: Striker (dog) [PAR] 1998 France: Footix (cockerel) [PAR] 2006 Germany: Goleo VI (lion) [PAR] 2010 South Africa: Zakumi (leopard) [PAR] 2014 Brazil: Fuleco\u2122 (three-banded armadillo) [PAR] [PAR] Fuleco\u2122 \u2013 A mascot without precedent [PAR] Eventually named Fuleco\u2122, and destined to become one of the stars of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil\u2122, the Official Mascot was the result of an initial tender process involving six Brazilian design agencies. [PAR] These six agencies were responsible for the creation of 47 different design proposals, which were then analysed taking into account factors such as representation of Brazil, intellectual property and the feasibility of the mascot as a live costume. A shortlist of six designs was then further analysed with focus group research carried out within the Official Mascot\u2019s primary target group \u2013 children, aged 5-12 years. [PAR] The three-banded Brazilian armadillo was very popular in all stages of analysis and was therefore chosen to be the Official Mascot for the 2014 FIFA World Cup\u2122. The choice of colours in his design provided a clear link to the Brazilian national flag and referred to three of the strongest features of life in Brazil. The green shorts represent the lush tropical landscape, the yellow body tones illustrated the sunny climate and beautiful beaches, and the blue tints in the shell portrayed the sky and clear waters. [PAR] After a three-month voting campaign and 1.7 million votes, the name Fuleco\u2122 \u2013 a fusion of the words \u201cfutebol\u201d and \u201cecologia\u201d \u2013 was chosen by the Brazilian public and finally announced as the official name. Fuleco\u2122 quickly became one of the most high-profile ambassadors of the 2014 FIFA World Cup\u2122, with a 97% awareness recorded in the Brazilian market prior to the tournament \u2013 rising to 99% in the post tournament research, an unprecedented figure for a FIFA World Cup\u2122 Mascot. [PAR] Fuleco\u2122 was present in all 64 matches of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil\u2122 and in many FIFA Fan Fests across Brazil, entertaining the fans on and off the pitch. He was the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Groundskeeper Willie (Character) - IMDb Groundskeeper Willie (Character) [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie (Character) [PAR] from \"The Simpsons\" (1989) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] William \"Willie\" MacDougal, more commonly known as Groundskeeper Willie... See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Groundskeeper WIllie / Groundskeeper Willy / Park Groundskeeper / Shelbyville Groundskeeper [PAR] Filmography [PAR] [Skinner watches as Willie burns Bart's lice-infested clothes] [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie : See you in hell, you wingless bloodsuckers! [PAR] Principal Skinner : What kind of parents would permit such a lapse in scalpal hygiene? [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie : Well, you better check out his sister. She could be rife with them bugs too![DOC] [TLE] Groundskeeper Willie - The Simpsons Characters - ShareTV Groundskeeper Willie - The Simpsons Characters - ShareTV [PAR] Season 26 / Episode 22: - Mathlete's Feat [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie: [about a Roomba cleaning the school halls] What's that? [PAR] Principal Skinner: We didn't want to leave you out of the digital revolution. Willie, meet your new supervisor. [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie: You mean I have to take orders from a machine? [PAR] Principal Skinner: Well, it can't speak, but should it ever, yes. [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie: You call that a scar? This is a scar! [PAR] Nelson Muntz: That's a bellybutton. Everybody's got one. [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie: [sad] I thought I was special. [PAR] Season 22 / Episode 5: - Lisa Simpson, This Isn't Your Life [PAR] Lisa Simpson: [Walking down the hall at school] Ugh. What's the point of getting rid of all the distractions at home if I have to do my learning here? [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie: [Walks into the library, running a loudly whirring floor waxer. Sings] Oh, I'll wax the upstairs and I'll wax the downstairs, and I'll get drunk in the library! [PAR] Lisa Simpson: [Annoyed] Willie! Do you have to wax this floor now? [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie: [Turns off waxer. Apologetically] No, no. I can come back later. [PAR] Lisa Simpson: [Concerned] Oh! Should I get the nurse? [PAR] Groundskeeper Willie: Nay, just keep studyin'. I'll scream this out."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Little Willy by Sweet Songfacts - Song Meanings at Songfacts Little Willy by Sweet Songfacts [PAR] Little Willy by Sweet Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] This song was written by Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman - neither of whom were members of Sweet. Instead, Chinn and Chapman were a major force in the British pop music industry in the 1970s. Just as in the US, Leiber and Stoller became known for \"the Brill Building sound,\" Chinn and Chapman in the UK became known as the \"Chinnichap\" sound. They produced songs for Suzi Quatro, and British bands Smokie, Mud, Racey, and The Arrows. Chapman would later produce albums for Blondie and The Knack, and along with Holly Knight , wrote Pat Benatar's hit \" Love Is A Battlefield .\" [PAR] \"Little Willy\" was Sweet's biggest US hit, peaking the charts at #3 when it was re-released in 1973. It was a non-album single, but went gold in the US and UK all by itself anyway. Critics in the UK dismissed the song as \"bubblegum\" and referred to the lyrics as \"nursery porn.\" Sweet wanted to shed their bubblegum/ glam-rock image and become more hardcore, so they later turned to writing their own songs. [PAR] Putting this song together, Chinn and Chapman used a pounding drum beat popularized by Slade and producer Mike Leander. They mixed in the riff from the Who song \" I Can't Explain ,\" and added the exceptionally catchy chorus, which dug into your ear and wouldn't let go. The song didn't tell any kind of story - just that Willy won't go home - but listeners didn't care and with Glam Rock, the lyrics weren't supposed to make sense anyway."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heritage: Comic, cartoonist and Private Eye founder Willie ... Heritage: Comic, cartoonist and Private Eye founder Willie Rushton - the greatest satirist of them all - Heritage - Hampstead Highgate Express [PAR] Email this article to a friend [PAR] To send a link to this page you must be logged in. [PAR] As a boy Willie Rushton cut his teeth drawing illustrations for the school publication. Later, in 1961, along with his childhood contemporaries, he established the satirical magazine Private Eye. [PAR] Often dressed as if he was heading off on a fishing jolly, he secured a place in the nation\u2019s heart as a brilliant, original and witty performer. On screen, each week, alongside the late Sir David Frost, he entertained audiences in excess of 13 million on That Was The Week That Was (TW3). [PAR] According to Who\u2019s Who his recreations included, \u201cgaining weight, losing weight and parking\u201d. [PAR] Appearing on Desert Island Discs \u2013 with what Michael Palin described as his \u201cfamous crusty colonel voice\u201d \u2013 he admitted to being \u201cfrankly terrified\u201d by the prospect of a plane crash, leaving him \u201calone on a beach with 600 plastic lunches\u201d as company. [PAR] At a literary lunch hosted by The Oldie he once quipped, \u201cWhere would we be without a sense of humour? (Very slight pause) Germany!\u201d. But he is, perhaps, remembered most fondly for his 22 years as an irreplaceable team member on BBC Radio 4\u2019s I\u2019m Sorry I Haven\u2019t a Clue. Sitting alongside his dear friend and stand-up partner, Barry Cryer, he would have fans in stitches playing the enigmatic game of Mornington Crescent, where a plaque was installed \u2013 inside the station \u2013 as a fitting tribute in 2002. [PAR] William George [Willie] Rushton (1937\u20131996), cartoonist, comedian and author, was born on August 18, at 3 Wilbraham Place, Chelsea. He was the only child of John Atherton Rushton, a publisher with a penchant for cricket. Young Willie spent time training at Lord\u2019s Cricket Ground, learning the sport which developed in to a lifelong passion. In later years he played for the Lord\u2019s Taverners and wrote a novel, W. G. Grace\u2019s Last Case (1984), based on a fictional episode in the life of the great cricketer. [PAR] Educated at Shrewsbury School his chums included Richard Ingrams, Christopher Booker and Paul Foot. With Ingrams and Booker he produced The Wallopian, a satirical version of the school magazine, to which he contributed cartoons. Ingrams explained: \u201cMy best friend at school was Willie. We were in the same house and we were both there because our fathers had been there before us. [PAR] \u201cWillie was almost my exact contemporary, being only one day older. He was one of those rare people who didn\u2019t appear ever to change. The torrid period of adolescence left him unscathed, making him the ideal companion for someone like me, prone to write love poetry or harbour hopes of becoming a missionary in Africa. [PAR] \u201cEven as a 12-year-old he was a brilliant cartoonist, entirely self-taught, who when left to himself would cover every available scrap of paper with doodles \u2013 mostly fat bald middle-aged men with moustaches.\u201d [PAR] The young would-be-satirists targeted pseudo-intellectuals, and coined the term \u201cpseuds\u201d, which later gained common currency in Private Eye. [PAR] Academically undistinguished, Rushton claimed to have failed O-level maths seven times. When confronted with a specimen in a bottle during a biology exam and asked, \u201cWhat\u2019s this?\u201d, he answered, \u201cDisgusting\u201d. [PAR] His theatrical talent first found an outlet at school. He recalled that when he played Lord Loam in The Admirable Crichton, \u201cthe audience wondered which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Vs. Charlie and The ... Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Vs. Charlie and The Chocolate Factory: The Characters [PAR] Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Vs. Charlie and The Chocolate Factory: The Characters [PAR] Updated on March 15, 2014 [PAR] \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" is a popular movie that was made in 1971, directed by Mel Stuart. \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" is a re-make of Willy Wonka, made in 2005 and directed by Tim Burton. The titles of the 2 movies really should be switched. In Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory it's all about Charlie and his hard time trying to find the golden ticket. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory it's more about Willy Wonka and his no longer existent relationship with his father due to the fact that his dad was a dentist and Willy left home to open his own candy factory. The two movies are similar because they have Willy Wonka, the factory, and the 5 kids getting golden tickets, but really they are entirely different. [PAR] Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Trailer [PAR] Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Trailer [PAR] ~Willy Wonka~ [PAR] The original Willy Wonka is played by Gene Wilder. The newer Willy Wonka is played by Johnny Depp. [PAR] ~Charlie Bucket~ [PAR] The original Charlie Bucket is played by Peter Ostrum. The newer Charlie Bucket is played by Freddie Highmore. [PAR] ~Mike Teevee~ [PAR] The original Mike Teavee is played by Paris Themmen. The newer Mike Teevee is played by Jordan Fry. [PAR] ~Veruca Salt~ [PAR] The original Veruca Salt is played by Julie Dawn Cole. The newer Veruca Salt is played by Julia Winter. [PAR] ~Violet Beauregarde~ [PAR] The original Violet Beauregarde is played by Denise Nickerson. The newer Violet Beauregarde is played by AnnaSophia Robb. [PAR] ~Augustus Gloop~ [PAR] The original Augustus Gloop is played by Michael Bolner. The newer Augustus Gloop is played by Philip Wiegratz. [PAR] ~Cast of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory~ [PAR] ~The Parents~[DOC] [TLE] Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 2005 - amazon.com Amazon.com: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Johnny Depp, Freddie Highmore, David Kelly, Helena Bonham Carter: Amazon Digital Services LLC [PAR] By David G. Smith on July 18, 2005 [PAR] I didn't want the movie to be bad. I love Tim Burton and think Johnny Depp is the riskiest actor we have an screen. I also loved the original movie for it's own merits, and at it's first viewing thought Gene Wilder was a genius. Can these two movies exist on their own merits...certainly I think they should. The origina; had it's flaws...the musical numbers had high points(Candy Man, my Imagination...and the oompa loompa songs) and low points(Cheer up Charlie)...the look is pretty dated. The new version has it's weirdnesses as well. [PAR] But is it a watchable movie on it's own merits??? Absolutely. If you want Wilder, rent it. No one is taking away your nostalgia by putting another slant on it. I feel the movie was very funny, certainly no more sick and twisted than the source it was created from. In fact, the tone of the movie, especially at the beginning, is very Dahlish. [PAR] There are diversions, Dahl himself wrote the first screenplay and managed to divert it as well, such as the Wonka father subplot...but I feel like the movie creates a world and joyously romps around in it. [PAR] As for Depp...he is fearless. Only he would delve into such an iconic role with such quirkiness. Michael Jackson...I don't see it. I feel"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BFI Screenonline: Rita, Sue and Bob Too (1986) BFI Screenonline: Rita, Sue and Bob Too (1986) [PAR] Rita, Sue and Bob Too (1986) [PAR] [PAR] Courtesy of Channel Four Television [PAR] [PAR] Umbrella Entertainment, British Screen, Channel Four [PAR] Producer [PAR] Music [PAR] Michael Kamen [PAR] Cast: Siobhan Finneran (Rita); Michelle Holmes (Sue); George Costigan (Bob); Lesley Sharp (Michelle); Willie Ross (Sue's father); Kulvinder Ghir (Aslam) [PAR] The urban decay of Bradford's Buttershaw estate provides the setting for [PAR] Alan Clarke [PAR] 's [PAR] Rita, Sue and Bob Too [PAR] . The story of a married man's illicit affair with two teenage babysitters, the film is part sex comedy and part critique of the social division of 1980s Britain. [PAR] Set during Rita and Sue's last few weeks at school, with nothing but the dole queue to look forward to when they leave, the girls find excitement on the reclining seats of middle-aged lothario Bob's car. Unlike Rita and Sue, Bob and his family live in a modern house on the 'nicer' side of town. The film uses the differing domestic locations to highlight the growing gap between Thatcher's home-owning nouveau riche and those left behind in sink estates, victims of the poverty trap. [PAR] Adapted from a series of plays by [PAR] Andrea Dunbar [PAR] and based on her own experiences growing up on the Buttershaw estate, much of the film's humour is tempered with a sense of desperation. [PAR] Clarke [PAR] treats the alcoholism, racism and domestic violence that provide a backdrop to Rita and Sue's world in typically matter-of-fact fashion while subtle observations of modern life - like Bob's nosey neighbour who calls the police because he sees an Asian boy in his affluent neighbourhood - are deftly comic. [PAR] With elements of both the social realist films of the 1960s and the bawdy [PAR] Confessions... [PAR] series of the 1970s, [PAR] Rita, Sue and Bob Too [PAR] was released in the mid-1980s when the fear of an AIDS epidemic was at its height and its comic treatment of promiscuity flew in the face of various initiatives aimed at discouraging casual sex amongst the young. Co-financed by [PAR] Channel 4 [PAR] Rita, Sue and Bob Too [PAR] is one of only three [PAR] Alan Clarke [PAR] films made specifically for cinema release. [PAR] Justin Hobday[DOC] [TLE] : NextFilm.co.uk - Film Profile : Rita, Sue and Bob Too (1986) : NextFilm.co.uk - Film Profile : Rita, Sue and Bob Too (1986) [PAR] Can't wait for a showing? Find this movie on Amazon! [PAR] Overview [PAR] Adapted by Andrea Dunbar from two of her controversial plays, this tale of an affair between a married man and two teenage girls caused a right old rumpus on its release. Although much of the shock value has been diluted by seeing so much of the same on our weekly soaps nowadays, this is still a film to make you squirm as you find yourself unable to decide who is being exploited, where the blame lies and how to respond to jokes that are uproariously funny despite their political incorrectness. Over 20 years on, the three characters still exist in abundance, and it is to the credit of Michelle Holmes, Siobhan Finneran and George Costigan that they pitch their performances so perfectly. [PAR] The MovieDB Overview (Click to view) [PAR] Realistic story of working class Yorkshire life. Two schoolgirls have a sexual fling with a married man. Serious and light-hearted by turns. Rita, Sue And Bob Too was adapted by Andrea Dunbar from two of her own controversial plays. Rita (Siobhan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martha and the Vandellas - The History of Rock and Roll The Vandellas [PAR] Martha and the Vandellas [PAR] One of Motown Records' earliest and most exciting vocal groups, Martha and The Vandellas achieved two Top Ten hits before the ascendancy of The Supremes. Driven by Martha Reeves' soulful, brassy lead vocals, the Vandellas became Motown's earthier, more aggressive \"girl group\" alternative to the Supremes. [PAR] Martha Reeves, one of eleven children, was born in Eufaula Alabama on July 18, 1941. She moved with her parents Ruby and Elijah to Detroit, Michigan before her first birthday. Reeves spent most of her childhood singing and working in her grandfather's church. She attended Russell Elementary on Detroit's eastside and was taught vocals by Emily Wagstaff. Northeastern High School was where she studied voice under the direction of Abraham Silver, who also coached Florence Ballard and Mary Wilson of the Supremes, Bobby Rogers of the Miracles. [PAR] First Martha and the Vandellas group photo [PAR] (From L-R Martha Reeves, Annette Beard and Rosalind Ashford) [PAR] After graduating from high school in 1959, Reeves joined the girl group called the Fascinations. They recorded their first record about 1960, backing Mike Hanks on \"The Hawk\" on Mah's Records. They also backed Leon Peterson on \"I Know You Know\" on the Bobbin label in 1962. Their first big break was working with local singer J.J. Barnes on \"Won't You Let Me Know.\" The 1962 single on Rich Records credited both Barnes and the Del-Phis and led to the answer record \"Ill Let You Know\" on Check-Mate. In the late summer of 1960 Reeves met Rosalind Ashford and they were invited to join Annette Sterling and Gloria Williamson in the Del-Phis. After doing some local talent shows and jobs they recorded a single on Chess-Mate Records, a subsidiary of Chess Records in 1961. The Del-Phi\"s recording that didn't make the charts was \"My Baby Won't Come Back\". [PAR] Reeves as a solo entered and won a talent contest. The prize was a three day engagement at the Twenty Grand, a local nightclub where she sang as Martha LaVaille. On her last night, William \"Mickey\" Stevenson, an A&R and Berry Gordy's right-hand man at Motown Records, approached Reeves, after hearing her sing, and gave her his card. In 1961 Reeves was hired as his secretary. One day Motown head Berry Gordy needed background singers in short order for a session; Reeves and her friends, Ashford and Beard, were called in. They sang behind Marvin Gaye on \"Stubborn Kind of Fellow,\" his first hit in 1962 and \"Hitch Hike.\" [PAR] A couple months later, Reeves again found her self in the right place at the right time. Stevenson had called over to the studio, where a union rep was checking to make sure the label was following the rule that a singer had to be on a mic when tracks were recorded. In Mary Well's absence, Reeves sang \"I'll Have To Let Him Go, impressing Stevenson enough ask the Del-Phis to record \"You'll Never Cherish A Love So True ('Til You Lose It).\" The session was a success, but Gloria decided she didn't want to leave her job and left the group. The single was issued anyway on Mel-O-Dy as by the Vells. [PAR] The rest of the group convinced Gordy that they were staying as a trio. Gordy then asked the girls to come up with a new name. They then called themselves Martha and the Vandellas, taking their name from Detroit street Van Dyke and Reeve's favorite singer Della Reese before recording \"I'll Have to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billy Connolly - Biography - IMDb Billy Connolly - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Billy Connolly [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 50 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (15) | Personal Quotes (22) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Billy Connolly was born and raised in Glasgow, Scotland. He left school to work in the shipyards becoming a welder and joined the Territorial Army (in the parachute regiment) at around the same time. He developed an interest in folk music, eventually becoming an accomplished banjo player and a member of the band Humblebums with Gerry Rafferty (later of Baker Street fame). The jokes he told between songs eventually took over his act and he became a full-time comedian. Already a big star in Scotland, he became a household name in the UK after appearing on Parkinson (1971) in the early seventies. Billy has released many recordings and videos of his concert performances over the years. He has expanded his repertoire to include acting, appearing in a number of television dramas and films, most recently in the USA. In the 90s he made two documentary series for the BBC, about Scotland and Australia respectively, and in 1997 he starred in the award winning film Mrs Brown (1997). He is one of the UK's top comedian. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] ( 20 December 1989 - present) (3 children) [PAR] Iris Pressagh [PAR] Tangential storytelling in stand-up comedy performances, often featuring multilayered digressions from original story. [PAR] Banjo playing [PAR] Use of bad language in his stand-up routines [PAR] Long hair [PAR] Glaswegian accent [PAR] Trivia (15) [PAR] Known for his long, messy hair, goatee and lots of bad language in his stand-up show. [PAR] American audiences are generally unfamiliar with Connolly's musical accomplishments, since he all but eliminated the songs from his act before he became popular in North America. An exception to this were his guest appearances on Pearl (1996) in which he sang one of his old songs, \"I Wish I Was in Glasgow\", in a duet with Malcolm McDowell . [PAR] Three Daughters with Pamela Stephenson : Daisy (born 31 December 1983), Amy (born 7 July 1986) and Scarlett (born 28 July 1988). Two children with his previous wife, Iris Pressagh: Son Jamie (born 1969) and Daughter Cara (born 1973). [PAR] Married Pamela Stephenson in Fiji on 20 December 1989. [PAR] July 2001: Received an honorary doctorate from the University of Glasgow. [PAR] He was awarded the CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2003 Queen's Birthday Honours List for his services to Entertainment. [PAR] He is a long time supporter of Glasgow Celtic Football Club. [PAR] He is a former reserve soldier in Britain's elite parachute regiment, serving with 15 Para (now a disbanded battalion). [PAR] In September 2005, he announced that he is returning to live in his native Scotland, after residing in the United States for some years. [PAR] Diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer and Parkinson's Disease [September 16, 2013]. [PAR] Fulham, London, England [May 2009] [PAR] Received the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at the 2012 British Academy Scotland Awards. [PAR] To date (2016), Billy holds the record for the most guest appearances on the popular British TV talk show Parkinson (1971), with a reported 15 spots. [PAR] Billy's Parkinson's Disease was initially diagnosed under informal circumstances in that he was approached by a doctor in his L.A. hotel lobby after an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] See the Cast of 'Charmed' Then and Now - ScreenCrush See the Cast of 'Charmed' Then and Now [PAR] See the Cast of 'Charmed' Then and Now [PAR] July 26, 2013 @ 9:00 AM [PAR] The WB Television Network [PAR] Way back when, on a little TV network called UPN, Shannen Doherty, Holly Marie Combs and Alyssa Milano starred in the hit show 'Charmed,' in which they played three sister witches, known as the Charmed Ones, battling the forces of evil while trying to maintain some sense of normalcy. As the years went by -- especially towards its eighth and final season -- the storylines became wicca ridiculous and the dialogue became too cheesy for many to stomach. But ultimately, the show still lingers in the hearts and minds of its dedicated fans. Let's take a look back at the cast and see where they are now. [PAR] Shannen Doherty, Prue Halliwell [PAR] The WB Television Network/Getty Images [PAR] Then: As the eldest of the on-screen sisters, Shannen Doherty, of '90210' fame, played Prue, the witch with the power of telekinesis (initially only activated by intensely squinting her eyes) and astral projection. The actress left the show after season 3 amidst rumors that she was feuding with co-star Alyssa Milano. However, her official statement was that \"there was too much drama on the set and not enough passion for the work.\" So Prue was killed off. [PAR] Now: While she's by no means \"out of work,\" Doherty hasn't found as bright a spotlight as the one given to her through 'Charmed.' If you haven't seen the more recent '90210' series on The CW, any number of her made-for-TV movies or that now-canceled Syfy reality show she hosted, 'Scare Tactics,' you'll now her best as that woman on the Education Connection commercial ... this commercial: [PAR] http://youtu.be/Q5EvsDfNnhA [PAR] Holly Marie Combs, Piper Halliwell [PAR] The WB Television Network/Getty Images [PAR] Then: Doherty and Holly Marie Combs had been friends for years before the two joined up for 'Charmed.' Combs played the middle sister with the power to stop time, which eventually grew to incorporate molecular acceleration (i.e. blowing stuff up) as the seasons went on. Prior to the series, she was known best for her role in the show 'Picket Fences,' a gig she landed at the age of 18. [PAR] Now: Aside from a really small part in Steven Soderbergh's 'Oceans 11' -- she was that woman playing poker -- she was featured in a couple TV movies before landing the role of Ella Montgomery on ABC Family's 'Pretty Little Liars.' [PAR] Alyssa Milano, Phoebe Halliwell [PAR] The WB Television Network/Getty Images [PAR] Then: Actress Lori Rom was originally cast in the role of Phoebe Halliwell, the youngest sister in this witchy trio with the power of premonition, but left after filming the (unaired) pilot for \"personal reasons.\" That's when producer Aaron Spelling replaced her with his 'Melrose Place' star Alyssa Milano. The actress became, reportedly, the bane of Doherty's existence. While Milano was outspoken about their rocky relationship, sources at the time said Doherty was so fed up with her that she gave the network an ultimatum -- \"it's her or me.\" And we know how that ended. [PAR] Now: Milano is probably the most well known of the original 'Charmed' cast. She's currently making the press rounds to promote her latest series, ABC's 'Mistresses,' but she also popped up in the movie 'New Year's Eve,' and TV shows like 'My Name Is Earl' and 'Romantically Challenged.' [PAR] Rose McGowen, Paige Matthews [PAR] The WB Television Network/Getty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sadie Frost on depression and her doomed marriage to Jude ... Sadie Frost on depression and her doomed marriage to Jude Law | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] 'The force of the love I felt for Jude and his intense ambition made me feel out of control,' said Sadie Frost [PAR] Sadie Frost has revealed how depression \u2018weaved a dance of destruction\u2019 through her adult life, and was one of the primary reasons behind the break-up of her marriage to Jude Law. [PAR] She writes with candour about her illness and her life with the Hollywood actor in her much-anticipated autobiography, Crazy Days, which The Mail on Sunday begins serialising today in the Review section. [PAR] Last month, the book was the subject of a legal action from Law, who issued a 100-page writ demanding that all passages relating to their marriage be removed. [PAR] The actor employed a leading firm of solicitors, Atkins Thomson, to try to prevent publication of details relating to the couple\u2019s turbulent six-year union. [PAR] Not only did the mention of previous liaisons on both sides cause concern, he is also said to have objected to the inclusion of minor domestic details and photographs of their children. However, the matter was settled last month at the High Court. [PAR] Sadie says she was bedevilled by internal conflicts: a \u2018battle between the good girl and the bad\u2019 during her chaotic childhood and, later, her experience of \u2018paradise syndrome\u2019 \u2013 when she \u2018had it all\u2019 but felt compelled to \u2018destroy whatever was good before someone took it from me\u2019. [PAR] She details her early romance with Law \u2013 they met when he was 19 and she was 25 and a married mother \u2013 and the guilt she suffered because of it. [PAR] She writes: \u2018I knew that by even entertaining thoughts of Jude, I was jeopardising an idyllic home life, the most secure relationship I\u2019d ever had. I crushed my unwelcome ideas about Jude, but it wasn\u2019t easy.\u2019 [PAR] Eventually, Sadie left her husband, Spandau Ballet\u2019s Gary Kemp, and bought a house with Law. [PAR] Sadie and Jude at the Bafta awards in London in 2000 [PAR] \u2018The force of the love I felt for Jude and his intense ambition made me feel out of control,\u2019 she recalls. [PAR] She writes of the pressures their careers brought to bear on their relationship, in particular the long periods apart. In 1996 she discovered she was pregnant with their first child. [PAR] \u2018Jude was away a lot, while I was sitting on the sofa, getting fatter and gripped by a nagging sense that I was jeopardising my love,\u2019 she writes. [PAR] After their baby, Rafferty, was born Sadie says \u2018unease\u2019 pulled her down. \u2018Eventually I wanted to press the self-destruct button. One night I arranged a babysitter and went out. [PAR] \u2018I partied all night and got home the next day racked with guilt. I was sitting at my dressing table, not feeling anything \u2013 just numb. [PAR] 'I watched my hand slowly pick up a pair of scissors. It was as if I was being sucked down lower into the chair and the scissors seemed to be drawn to my arm. [PAR] 'I appeared to have cut myself. Blood dripped down my arm. There was no sense of panic within me \u2013 I just felt empty.\u2019 [PAR] She was successfully treated for severe post-natal depression, but it returned after the birth of the couple\u2019s daughter, Iris Tallulah, in October 2000. [PAR] The end of Frost\u2019s marriage to Law came after a holiday in Thailand. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of 10 Remarkable Religious Renaissance Paintings ... List of 10 Remarkable Religious Renaissance Paintings - History Lists [PAR] HISTORY LISTS [PAR] You are here: History Lists \u00b7 Art \u00b7 List of 10 Remarkable Religious Renaissance Paintings [PAR] List of 10 Remarkable Religious Renaissance Paintings [PAR] The great painters of the Renaissance period, many of whom focused on religious themes were often commissioned by well-to-do patrons including the Pope himself. Religion was infiltrated in everyday life in this era, deeply resonating with both the painters and those they worked for. Many of these religious paintings are among the greatest works of Renaissance art as a whole. [PAR] Wedding at Cana by Paolo Veronese [PAR] The Wedding at Cana (or The Wedding Feast at Cana) by Paolo Veronese is an oil on canvas that was painted in 1563 for the Benedectine Monastery of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice. It depicts the Biblical Wedding Feast at Cana where according to the New Testament, Jesus performed his first miracle by turning water into wine. The Biblical story, however, is set into Veronese\u2019s time although some figures are depicted wearing antique clothing. It is said that Veronese painted himself among the 130 participants of the wedding feast (clothed in white with a viol next to Titian and Bassano). The painting with dimensions of 666 cm x 990 cm (262 in x 390 in) is displayed in the Louvre Museum in Paris. [PAR] The School of Athens by Raphael [PAR] One of four frescoes by Raphael in the so-called Raphael Rooms in the Apostolic Palace in Vatican was painted by the Italian Renaissance artist between 1509 and 1511. The School of Athens revels Raphael\u2019s interpretation of philosophy as a divine form of knowledge, with Plato and Aristotle placed in the center of the scene, just like Jesus is in the center of Paolo Veronese\u2019s The Wedding at Cana. In total, twenty-one ancient Greek philosophers are painted, engaging in lofty discourse. Raphael\u2019s fresco doesn\u2019t have religious character as such but its location within a Greek cross-shaped building in Vatican has been interpreted as an attempt to reconcile Christianity and pagan philosophy. [PAR] The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci [PAR] The mural on the back wall of the dining hall of the Dominican convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy, was painted from 1495 to 1498. It differed from other frescoes of the era in that da Vinci created it by using experimental pigments directly on the dry plaster wall. But even before it was finished, it suffered from paint flaking off the wall. Da Vinci repaired the damage but it continued to crumble and was inadvertently damaged over the years both by the effects of time and unfortunate events such as Napoleon\u2019s troops using the wall for target practice and the 1943 bombing which destroyed the room\u2019s roof and exposed the fresco to the weather elements. Not much of the original painting survived and what can be seen today are mainly repairs. [PAR] The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo [PAR] The famous fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City was painted from 1511 to 1512. Unfortunately, Michelangelo\u2019s masterpiece and one of the most famous works of both High Renaissance and religious art suffered from candle smoke damage, going back for centuries, which caused the fresco to darken and assume a gloomy shadow. In the 1980s, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel went through an extensive restoration which revealed colors and details that were hidden for centuries. The restoration, however, has also caused a great deal of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Project MUSE - The Campanian Case of Gaius Lucilius ... Project MUSE - The Campanian Case of Gaius Lucilius: Downtrodden Satire from Suessa Aurunca [PAR] The Campanian Case of Gaius Lucilius: [PAR] Downtrodden Satire from Suessa Aurunca [PAR] Ian Goh [PAR] Abstract [PAR] The hometown of the verse satirist Gaius Lucilius was Suessa Aurunca, on the border between Latium and Campania. This chapter investigates the remnants of Campania in this poet\u2019s surviving fragments and reception, mostly in Horace but also in Cicero and Juvenal. Horses, gladiators, pots, theater, and pronunciation are all Campanian aspects of the satirist\u2019s cultural identity, despite his invention of a Roman genre. Contexts of arrogance and militarism, harking back to fighting against Rome in centuries-old wars, mingle in Lucilius with tourism and conspicuous consumption as markers of insider and outsider positioning vis-\u00e0-vis Campania, a half-forgotten homeland for the satirist. [PAR] The inventor of Roman verse satire, 1 Gaius Lucilius, was born, probably in 180 BCE, 2 in the town of Suessa Aurunca, on the border between Latium and Campania, between the rivers Liris and the Vulturnus, a town colonized by the Romans in 313 BCE. 3 We know Lucilius was from there because of the scholium to some programmatic lines of Juvenal: [PAR] cur tamen hoc potius libeat decurrere campo,per quem magnus equos Auruncae flexit alumnussi uacat ac placidi rationem admittitis, edam. [PAR] (Juv. 1.19-21) 4 [End Page 91] [PAR] But why I choose to traverse the same plain across which Aurunca\u2019s star student steered his horses, I\u2019ll tell you, if you are free and take in my rationale calmly. [PAR] This town, Suessa Aurunca, was traditionally a stronghold of the Aurunci, their major base. To explain why it might be important to Campanian identity, the theme of this collection of essays, we need to invoke the Great Latin War of almost two centuries before Lucilius\u2019 floruit. In this major turning point for Roman history, the Latin league, including Volsci, Campani, and Aurunci, were beaten by the Romans and Samnites. At least one battle was fought, as Diodorus Siculus has it, 5 at Suessa Aurunca: [PAR] \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u039b\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03a3\u03bf\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f21\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf. \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03ba\u1f7c\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f55\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd. [PAR] (Diod. Sic. 16.90.2) [PAR] And the Romans, drawn up around the town of Suessa against the Latins and Campanians, defeated them, and annexed part of the land of the conquered. Manlius, the consul who had won the battle, celebrated a triumph. [PAR] This campaign was famous because, as Livy recounts, it led to Manlius Torquatus celebrating a triumph in 340 BCE, having in its course put his son to death for disobeying his orders (Liv. 8.7.1-22); so, too, this section of Livy contains the equally exemplary story of the deuotio of Decius Mus (Liv. 8.8.19-11.1). 6 And as a result of this war, ciuitas sine suffragio was extended to the defeated Latin peoples, and Rome\u2019s hold over the Italian peninsula started to take shape. 7 [PAR] Talking the cultural identity talk, as I intend to do about Lucilius, is important because, as Quintilian famously observes, Roman satire is the one genre that \u201cat least is wholly ours\u201d (quidem tota nostra est, Inst. 10.1.93). And Suessa Aurunca, Lucilius\u2019 hometown, is important for early interactions between Rome and Campania proper because the Via Appia originally ran through it. 8 However, after 296 BCE the town was bypassed by the redirection of the Appia from [End Page 92] Minturnae through nearby Sinuessa. Hence Horace missed Suessa on his journey to Brundisium in Satire"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fawlty Towers (TV Series 1975-1979) - The Movie Database ... Fawlty Towers (TV Series 1975-1979) \u2014 The Movie Database (TMDb) [PAR] 7.7 [PAR] Overview [PAR] Fawlty Towers is a British sitcom produced by BBC Television that was first broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Twelve episodes were made. The show was written by John Cleese and his then wife Connie Booth, both of whom also starred in the show. [PAR] The series is set in Fawlty Towers, a fictional hotel in the seaside town of Torquay, on the \"English Riviera\". The plots centre around tense, rude and put-upon owner Basil Fawlty, his bossy wife Sybil, a comparatively normal chambermaid Polly, and hapless Spanish waiter Manuel and their attempts to run the hotel amidst farcical situations and an array of demanding and eccentric guests. [PAR] In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, Fawlty Towers was named the best British television series of all time. [PAR] Find out where to watch this on [PAR] Featured Crew"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Comedy - Porridge BBC - Comedy - Porridge [PAR] Porridge [PAR] Porridge [PAR] The character of jailbird Norman Stanley Fletcher was originally conceived for a one-off comedy, Prisoner and Escort, forming one of Ronnie Barker's 1973 season of TV pilots, Seven of One. [PAR] The BBC picked it up the next year for a full series, but neither they nor writers Dick Clement and Ian Le Frenais can have known quite what a phenomenon they'd created with the show they thought of calling Bird or Stir, before settling on another euphemism for life behind bars, Porridge. [PAR] When the new show first aired in 1974 it was greeted with outrage in sections of the tabloid press, shocked at the notion of a comedy programme glorifying prison. [PAR] Little time was needed, though, before any complaints were drowned out underneath a chorus of critical acclaim and public adoration for what remains one of the most classic British sitcoms ever produced. [PAR] Fletcher himself is an old hand at 'doing time', and we meet him serving a five-year stretch at HMP Prison Slade for breaking and entering - each episode would begin with the booming voice of the judge (recorded by Barker) passing sentence and the stark slamming of prison doors. [PAR] Fletcher expects to enjoy a single cell but he's forced to share with a first-time offender, a na\u00efve, young Brummie called Lennie Godber (played by Richard Beckinsale). [PAR] Fletcher reluctantly takes Godber under his wing and helps him to 'keep his nose clean' but together they always end up getting into trouble (often for reasons beyond their control), either with other inmates or the prison officers at Slade. [PAR] While the richly comic dialogue between the two cell-mates was a joy to watch, Clement and Le Frenais' wonderful writing didn't stop there, and they populated HMP Slade with a host of memorably eccentric characters, from kindly but senile Blanco (played ingeniously by a young David Jason), disgraced dentist Harris and dim-witted Warren to the irascible Scot MacLaren, conman Ives and the prison Mr Big, Harry Grout. [PAR] While Fletcher's knowledge and experience saw him regarded highly by most fellow inmates, it didn't stop him being used and blackmailed from time to time by Grout, who'd often force Fletch into tasks against his will. [PAR] It was Fletcher's day-to-day job to juggle life on the landings with not getting caught by the wardens, which meant taking advantage of the kind-hearted and soft-natured Mr Barrowclough, and sidestepping the eagle eye of the harsh, suspicious Mr MacKay (portrayed with delicious menace by Fulton McKay). [PAR] Episodes would usually involve Fletcher and Godber getting into trouble but somehow scoring a minor victory, usually against MacKay. The glee Barker injected into Fletcher's little triumphs was magical to watch. [PAR] Porridge is probably the classic realisation of the sitcom method of putting characters in a situation where they're trapped with each other. [PAR] In Fletcher's case it was with his cell-mate Godber, and the wonderful relationship between the pair in the scripts was elevated to pure gold by the sparkling chemistry between he two leads, Barker and Beckinsale. [PAR] Writers Clement and Le Frenais were so successful that the show became essential viewing inside Britain's real jails, and prisoners claimed it was the most accurate portrayal of real prison life on TV. [PAR] Its massive success spawned a superior spin-off movie and a Bafta-winning sitcom sequel Going Straight, set around Fletcher's life on release from Slade, before more episodes were curtailed by the untimely death of Richard Beckinsale in 1979. [PAR] Porridge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] As Last of the Summer Wine finally ends...How Compo ... As Last of the Summer Wine finally ends...How Compo, Cleggie and Co. drove Nora Batty | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] The camera was ready, but whether the same could be said of the three nervous actors perched in a perilously wobbly canoe on Yorkshire's fast- flowing and very cold River Wharfe was rather less certain. [PAR] Shooting on the penultimate episode of the second series of Last Of The Summer Wine, however, could not wait. 'Action!' called director Bernard Thompson. [PAR] And so off went the canoe, carrying its anxious crew towards the famous bridge at Bolton Abbey. [PAR] Last of the great battle-axes: Kathy Staff with troublesome trio Peter Sallis, Bill Owen and Brian Wilde [PAR] In the bow was Bill Owen, who as a young actor had once been under contract at Rank film studios and who was hoping that the role of 'Compo' Simmonite would give him a final tilt at fame. [PAR] In the stern was Michael Bates, a former Gurkha officer who played the part of Cyril Blamire for the first two series. And in the middle was a shaking Peter Sallis, probably wishing he'd never accepted the part of Norman Clegg. [PAR] Sallis, you see, couldn't swim. [PAR] The canoe shot under the bridge, as planned. Then it started to wobble. And shudder. And then it went over. [PAR] The non-swimming Sallis would later recall that he managed to escape the river only because he was able to put a foot on a hard object under the water and lever himself out on to the bank. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share [PAR] That hard object turned out to be Owen's head. [PAR] 'To have us row a canoe and shoot the bridge and come out the other side into this choppy water, there's no wonder the bloody thing turned over and no wonder I nearly drowned,' said Sallis. [PAR] The problem for Sallis, and indeed for many future members of the Summer Wine cast, was that the show's audience thought it was precisely this sort of knockabout comedy that was funny; very funny, in fact. It may have been only a couple of years since the pilot episode had been successfully aired at the beginning of 1973, but Roy Clarke's creation was already changing. [PAR] There was less talking, more of the glorious Yorkshire scenery and, as the second series took shape, far more of the absurd stunts that kept the show on air for a record-breaking 37 years. [PAR] The prolific Clarke, who would go on to write Open All Hours for Ronnie Barker, loved writing sharp dialogue. But he adored creating physical comedy, too. His comic hero was Buster Keaton - and it showed. [PAR] Over 295 episodes, just about anything on wheels or capable of being put on wheels - beds, sofas, baths, even rocket-powered rollerskates - careered down one of those vertiginously steep Yorkshire hills, almost always with Compo on board. [PAR] Three men in a boat: Actors Bill Owen, Peter Sallis and Michael Bates. Sallis, who couldn't swim, dreaded the programme's water-based scenes [PAR] Sallis, the only one of the three to make it from pilot to final episode, would later recall how he would scan new scripts for the dread words: 'All we see of our three is a row of bubbles on the surface of the water.' [PAR] Later, as the three main male leads grew older, it increasingly fell to stunt men and younger members of the cast to continue the physical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dad's Army star Bill Pertwee dies aged 86 - BBC News Dad's Army star Bill Pertwee dies aged 86 - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Dad's Army star Bill Pertwee dies aged 86 [PAR] 27 May 2013 [PAR] Image caption Pertwee also took part in BBC radio show Round the Horne [PAR] Bill Pertwee, who played Warden Hodges in Dad's Army, has died, his agent has confirmed. [PAR] The 86-year-old also starred as PC Wilson in You Rang M'Lord? He also appeared in three Carry On films. [PAR] Agent Meg Poole said he died peacefully on Monday with his family around him. He is survived by his son Jonathan. [PAR] His Dad's Army character was a greengrocer who became chief air raid warden when World War II broke out. His catchphrase was: \"Put that light out!\" [PAR] He was a thorn in the side of Captain Mainwaring and Sgt Wilson (played by Arthur Lowe and John Le Mesurier respectively), who called him \"a common little man\". [PAR] Pertwee, who was born in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, lived in a residential home in Wadebridge, Cornwall. [PAR] He was airlifted to The Royal Cornwall Hospital in Truro on Sunday where he died at 03:30 BST on Monday surrounded by family. [PAR] The actor first played the grumpy Dad's Army warden in 1968. [PAR] The show went on to earn a Bafta for best comedy in 1971 and inspired a film - also starring Pertwee - in the same year. [PAR] Pertwee was a founder member and the president of the Dad's Army Appreciation Society. [PAR] His son Jonathan said: \"He would give everything a go. He was very dedicated to the people around him and he was very dedicated to his charity work. [PAR] Media captionActor Bill Pertwee has passed away at the age of 86. [PAR] \"But also he was very humble about the whole thing, he was the subject of This is Your Life in 1999, and he'd always think how lucky he was,\" he added. [PAR] \"He'd say 'marvellous, isn't it, to be in this business', because he said ' I'm not really a proper actor', but he was extraordinarily versatile.\" [PAR] Mr Pertwee said his father had a continued affection for Dad's Army. [PAR] \"He loved it. He loved the people in it, it was a big part of his life and he used to have a lot of fun with Clive (Dunn) and John Le Mesurier and Frank Williams and all of them. They just had a a great bond.\" [PAR] His agent Ms Poole also paid tribute: \"He was a really, really nice man. Very bright, very intelligent. [PAR] \"He came from a big theatrical family, a big showbusiness family, and like all of them it was his life and it was very important to him and he was a hugely professional, very clever man.\" [PAR] His wife, actress Marion McLeod, died in 2005. They were married for 45 years. [PAR] Frank Williams, who played the vicar in Dad's Army, told the BBC: \"He always used to play himself down as an actor... I think he was a very good actor... Bill was a lovely man. [PAR] \"He was the life and soul of the party, great fun.\" [PAR] Pertwee was made an MBE in 2006 for his services to charity - he supported children's hospices. [PAR] Image caption You Rang M'Lord? was a sitcom set in 1927 about life above and below the stairs. It ran from 1988 to 1993. [PAR] In 1957, Pertwee wrote to BBC director and producer Richard Afton in search"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Balmoral Castle: Vacationing with the queen - CNN.com Balmoral Castle: Vacationing with the queen - CNN.com [PAR] Balmoral Castle: Vacationing with the queen [PAR] By Jill O'Brien, CNN [PAR] Updated 2:32 PM ET, Tue August 6, 2013 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 The Royal Standard flies from the turrets of Balmoral Castle in Ballater, Scotland, when the Queen is in residence. Cottages on Balmoral Estate are available for rent to regular vacationers. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 8 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 The Connachat Cottage is located about three miles west of the Castle and sleeps up to eight guests. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 8 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 The 50,000-acre estate employs about 50 full-time workers and 50 to 100 part-time workers. About 85,000 people visit the castle and gardens each year, according to the British Monarchy's website . [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 8 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 About 100 hectares are farmed by the estate and other parcels are let to neighboring farmers. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 8 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 The Garbh Allt Shiel rental cottage is in the Ballochbuie Forest, about five miles west of the castle. Deer are frequent visitors to the open ground around the cottage. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 8 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 The Prince of Wales, left, and his sons Prince William, right, and Prince Harry stand above the Falls of Muick at Balmoral in 1997. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 8 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 In this September 1960 photo, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh pose on the lawn at Balmoral with their children, Prince Andrew, center, Princess Anne, left, and Charles, Prince of Wales. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 8 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Balmoral Estate \u2013 Queen Elizabeth II walks cross country on the grounds of Balmoral Castle in this October 1967 photo. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Cottages on the grounds of Balmoral Castle are available to the public for rent [PAR] The royal estate in the Scottish highlands is a favorite retreat of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Sightings of the royal family are possible for visitors to the estate [PAR] The cozy cottages are more rustic than the royal digs [PAR] As the world watched and waited for little Prince George to make his royal way into the world in London, Queen Elizabeth II was among those wishing the baby would hurry up. The reason? \"I'm going on holiday,\" the queen said days before the Duchess of Cambridge gave birth to the future king on July 22. [PAR] Thankfully, Prince George was born just in time for the queen to begin her official holiday last week at the royal family's Scottish retreat, Balmoral Castle. The queen and members of the royal family will spend the next two months at her 50,000-acre estate in the Scottish highlands. The castle was originally built by Queen Victoria and by all accounts of both historians and those who work on the estate, it holds a very special place in the queen's heart. That's likely because it offers her a level of privacy that she cannot find anywhere else. [PAR] Every year at this time she travels to the heart of the Cairngorms National Park in Royal Deeside, just outside the small town of Ballater. Here, behind large metal gates that keep the public outside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude ... Where Do Zero Degrees Latitude and Longitude Intersect? [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 06, 2016. [PAR] The equator marks zero degrees latitude and the prime meridian marks zero degrees longitude, but where do these two lines meet? The simple answer is that they intersect in the Gulf of Guinea, just off the western coast of Africa. [PAR] While this point on the map of the Earth has no real significance, it is a common question in geography trivia and it's an interesting fact to know. [PAR] What is at 0\u00b0 latitude, 0\u00b0 longitude? [PAR] The equator and prime meridian are both invisible lines that circle the Earth and they help us in navigation. Though invisible, the equator (0 \u00b0 latitude) is a very real line that divides the world into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The prime meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) , on the other hand, was created by scholars who needed some point as a frame of reference to begin noting east-west points on the map. [PAR] It is by pure happenstance that the coordinate of 0\u00b0, 0\u00b0 falls in the middle of a little-known body of water. [PAR] To be exact, the intersection of \u200b zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude falls about 380 miles (611 kilometers) south of Ghana and 670 miles (1078 km) west of Gabon. [PAR] This location is in the tropical waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, specifically, the Gulf of Guinea. [PAR] The Gulf of Guinea is part of the western edge of the African tectonic plate. Most notably, according to the theory of continental drift , this may have been the location where South America and Africa were once joined. A look at the maps of the two continents will quickly show you the remarkable possibility to this geographic jigsaw puzzle. [PAR] Is There a Marker at 0\u00b0, 0\u00b0? [PAR] Very few people in the world will ever pass over the point where the equator and prime meridian meet. It requires a boat and a good navigator so, unlike the prime meridian line in Greenwich , there is not much call for tourism at this location. [PAR] The spot is marked, though. A weather buoy (Station 13010 - Soul) is placed at the exact location of 0\u00b0, 0\u00b0. It is owned and maintained by the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Atlantic (PIRATA). Like other buoys, Soul regularly records weather data from the Gulf of Guinea such as air and water temperature and wind speed and direction. [PAR] Is this Intersection Important? [PAR] The equator is an important line on the earth's surface. It marks the line above which the sun is directly overhead on the March and September equinoxes. [PAR] The prime meridian, on the other hand, is an imaginary line, created by people to mark zero degrees longitude. It just happens to pass through Greenwich, but it could have been located anywhere. [PAR] Therefore, the intersection of zero degrees longitude and zero degrees latitude is of no significance. However, just knowing that it is in the Gulf of Guinea may serve you well on a geography quiz or when playing Jeopardy or Trivial Pursuit. Also, you can use this bit of trivia to stump friends and family.[DOC] [TLE] Lines of Longitude in Geography Lines of Longitude in Geography [PAR] Longitude is the angular distance of any point on Earth measured east or west of a point on Earth's surface. [PAR] Where Is Zero Degrees Longitude? [PAR] Unlike latitude there is no easy point of reference"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Do you know more than a primary school student? Do you know more than a primary school student? [PAR] Do you know more than a primary school student? [PAR] Try some of these questions asked at the quiz final [PAR] Sun, Apr 12, 2015, 19:49 [PAR] Updated: Sun, Apr 12, 2015, 20:04 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Q What is the name of the scale used to measure the spice level of a chilli pepper? [PAR] A Scoville [PAR] Q Name the process that involves placing potatoes or other tubers into egg cartons to encourage sprouting. [PAR] A Chitting [PAR] Q Halifax is the provincial capital of what Canadian maritime province? [PAR] A Nova Scotia [PAR] Q What Washington organisation founded 57 years ago was established by President Dwight D Eisenhower and was preceded by NACA? [PAR] A NASA [PAR] Q Which artist had a famous blue period between 1901 and 1904? [PAR] A Picasso [PAR] Q Name the horse ridden by Ruby Walsh which fell in the Mare\u2019s Hurdle at the Cheltenham festival in March? [PAR] A Annie Power [PAR] Q In which country would you find the Oder and Vistula rivers, both of which flow into the Baltic Sea? [PAR] A Poland [PAR] Q In what sport do you stand behind the Oche line? [PAR] A Darts [PAR] Q What is the capital of Indonesia? [PAR] A Jakarta [PAR] Q What was Henry VIII\u2019s surname? [PAR] A Tudor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which USA State borders only one other USA state? Which USA State borders only one other USA state? [PAR] Which USA State borders only one other USA state? [PAR] By Cynthia Kirkeby [PAR] Which USA State borders only one other USA state? [PAR] Maine is the only state that has only one bordering, neighboring state. [PAR] Cynthia Kirkeby"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Winston Churchill's American mother - Telegraph Winston Churchill's American mother - Telegraph [PAR] Winston Churchill's American mother [PAR] Pushy mother: Jennie Churchill badgered everyone she thought might advance Winston's career [PAR] 12:01AM GMT 03 Jan 2008 [PAR] Philip Eade reviews Jennie Churchill: by Anne Sebba [PAR] When, in 1918, Jennie Churchill married her third husband, the implausibly named Montagu Phippen Porch, she was 67, he 44 - three years younger than her son Winston. Nevertheless, her nephew Sunny Marlborough noticed at the time that Porch seemed to be 'physically in love' with her, that she 'showed signs of his attentions' and looked worn out after three days with him. Jennie, meanwhile, was quoted as saying of her latest catch: 'He has a future and I have a past, so we should be alright.' [PAR] This combination of sexual energy and breezy optimism had propelled Jennie - 'more panther than woman' according to one of many admirers - through an incredible roller-coaster life. Not surprisingly, given whose mother she was and her reputed tally of 200 lovers, there have been several biographies; this thoughtful and scrupulously researched book by Anne Sebba is the sixth. [PAR] Born in New York in 1854, Jennie inherited from her financier father, Leonard Jerome, an indomitable spirit that had led him, as one of his grandsons wrote, up a new financial hill every time he fell down. Aged 19, at an afternoon ball aboard a ship in Cowes harbour, the sultry Jennie Jerome met Lord Randolph Churchill, then 23, the second surviving son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough. She fell instantly in love and three days later agreed to marry him. [PAR] What made the young Jennie tick up to this point in her life is not easy to fathom - as Sebba points out, the letters between members of the Jerome family are 'short on emotions, expectations and anxieties'. [PAR] But Sebba makes a convincing case that what occurred with Randolph was a coup de foudre - however unlikely that may seem given how Randolph looked and behaved. She is equally persuasive that Winston was most probably conceived before they married, in 1874 - attesting to Jennie's 'confidence, physical passion, craving for excitement and sexual fearlessness' - though the author's plea that her interest here is 'not a prurient one' sounds a little priggish. [PAR] Overall, however, Sebba's tone is far from that; her prose is clear, her judgments sensible. She is good on how Jennie helped the erratic Randolph in his strangely meteoric political career and moving when chronicling the disintegration of their marriage and their final world cruise as he went through what were probably the last stages of syphilis - Rosebery memorably recorded that Randolph was 'the chief mourner at his own protracted funeral'. But the real strength of the book is its examination of Jennie's role in shaping the character and career of Winston. [PAR] It is hard to disagree with the assessment of Winston's daughter Mary Soames that even by the standards of their generation, Lord and Lady Randolph Churchill were 'pretty awful parents' to their eldest son when he was a boy. [PAR] This book has plenty of evidence to back this up - notably Winston's letters from his peculiarly sadistic prep school imploring his parents to take him away, or at least come and see him; on the back of some of these are scribbled the names of those Jennie planned to ask to dinner. Sebba does not deny the neglect, but nevertheless has us believe that Jennie always loved her eldest son, and that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - iWonder - Napoleon Bonaparte: The Little Corporal ... BBC - iWonder - Napoleon Bonaparte: The Little Corporal who built an Empire [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte: The Little Corporal who built an Empire [PAR] 1769 [PAR] 1821Death in exile [PAR] The Napoleon complex [PAR] Diminutive in stature but towering in influence \u2013 few figures in history stand taller than Napoleon Bonaparte. Loved by his men, feared by his foes, the Duke of Wellington claimed he was worth 40,000 men on the battlefield. [PAR] From outsider to emperor, trace Napoleon's meteoric rise to greatness \u2013 and find out how he was brought crashing back down to earth. [PAR] 1769 [PAR] Birth and early life [PAR] DeAgostini/Getty Images [PAR] Napoleon's father, Carlo Buonaparte, had been active in Paoli's resistance army but made terms with the French. [PAR] Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica on 15 August. The occupying French forces who ran the island had acquired it from Genoa the year before. [PAR] Though well off by local standards, Napoleon's parents were not rich, and their vigorous claims of noble descent fail to stand up to scrutiny. His mother Letizia and father Carlo were part of Corsica's bourgeoisie. Once involved in the Corsican resistance to French occupation, Carlo had made personal peace with the French when leader Pasquale Paoli was forced to flee and became assessor to the royal court. Little in the context of Napoleon's birth hinted at his remarkable future. [PAR] Hulton Archive/Getty Images [PAR] Napoleon attended the military school at Brienne for five years. [PAR] Aged nine, Napoleon left for school in France. He was an outsider, unversed in the customs and traditions of his new home. [PAR] Always destined for the military, Napoleon was educated first, briefly, at Autun, then five years in Brienne before a final year at the military academy in Paris. He graduated in September 1785 \u2013 ranked 42nd in a class of 58. It was while he was in Paris that Napoleon's father died, leaving the family facing financial hardship. Not yet 16, nor even the eldest son, it was nonetheless Napoleon who assumed responsibility as head of the family. [PAR] 1786-1788 [PAR] Photo12/UIG via Getty Images [PAR] Corsican resistance leader Pasquale Paoli. [PAR] Napoleon took his first commission, as a 2nd lieutenant of artillery. He read voraciously \u2013 on military strategy and tactics \u2013 determined to succeed. [PAR] But his native land still had his heart. In his book Lettres sur la Corse he set out his vision for an independent Corsica, free of French control. In September he returned to the island of his birth, not rejoining his regiment until June 1788. Above all else, Napoleon felt, he was a Corsican. [PAR] I was born when [Corsica] was perishing. Thirty thousand Frenchmen spewed onto our shores, drowning the throne of liberty in waves of blood\u2026 [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte, writing to Pasquale Paoli [PAR] 1793 [PAR] Art Media/Print Collector/Getty Images [PAR] Napoleon succeeded in driving the British from Toulon. [PAR] It wasn't long before Napoleon had the opportunity to demonstrate his new loyalty. At Toulon he won the first major military victory of his career. [PAR] French anti-government forces had handed the port over to British troops. It was essential that the town be recaptured. Strategically important, the damage suffered to the prestige of the Revolution was just as significant. Napoleon was entrusted with breaking the resistance and by mid-December his tactics had forced the British to evacuate. Days later, Napoleon was promoted to brigadier general \u2013 he was just 24 years old. [PAR] 1794 [PAR] Saviour of the Republic [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chopin : Biography Chopin : Biography [PAR] biography [PAR] Click here for Chopin's quotes and quotes of others about Chopin >>> [PAR] Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, the Polish composer and pianist, was born on 1 March 1810, according to the statements of the artist himself and his family, but according to his baptismal certificate, which was written several weeks after his birth, the date was 22 February. His birthplace was the village of Zelazowa Wola near Sochaczew, in the region of Mazovia, which was part of the Duchy of Warsaw. The manor-house in Zelazowa Wola belonged to Count Skarbek and Chopin's father, Mikolaj (Nicolas) Chopin, a Polonized Frenchman, was employed there as a tutor. He had been born in 1771 in Marainville in the province of Lorraine in France, but already as a child he had established contacts with the Polish families of Count Michal Pac and the manager of his estate, Jan Adam Weydlich. At the age of 16, Mikolaj accompanied them to Poland where he settled down permanently. He never returned to France and did not retain contacts with his French family but brought up his children as Poles. In 1806, Mikolaj Chopin married Tekla Justyna Krzyzanowska, who was the housekeeper for the Skarbek family at Zelazowa Wola. They had four children: three daughters Ludwika, Izabela and Emilia, and a son Fryderyk, the second child. Several months after his birth, the whole family moved to Warsaw, where Mikolaj Chopin was offered the post of French language and literature lecturer in the Warsaw Lyceum. He also ran a boarding school for sons of the gentry. [PAR] The musical talent of Fryderyk became apparent extremely early on, and it was compared with the childhood genius of Mozart. Already at the age of 7, Fryderyk was the author of two polonaises (in G minor and B flat major), the first being published in the engraving workshop of Father Cybulski. The prodigy was featured in the Warsaw newspapers, and \"little Chopin\" became the attraction and ornament of receptions given in the aristocratic salons of the capital. He also began giving public charity concerts. His first professional piano lessons, given to him by Wojciech Zywny (b. 1756 in Bohemia), lasted from 1816 to 1822, when the teacher was no longer able to give any more help to the pupil whose skills surpassed his own. The further development of Fryderyk's talent was supervised by Wilhelm W\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrfel (b.1791 in Bohemia), the renowned pianist and professor at the Warsaw Conservatory who was to offer valuable, although irregular, advice as regards playing the piano and organ. [PAR] From 1823 to 1826, Fryderyk attended the Warsaw Lyceum where his father was one of the professors. He spent his summer holidays in estates belonging to the parents of his school friends in various parts of the country. For example, he twice visited Szafarnia in the Kujawy region where he revealed a particular interest in folk music and country traditions. The young composer listened to and noted down the texts of folk songs, took part in peasant weddings and harvest festivities, danced, and played a folk instrument resembling a double bass with the village musicians; all of which he described in his letters. Chopin became well acquainted with the folk music of the Polish plains in its authentic form, with its distinct tonality, richness of rhythms and dance vigour. When composing his first mazurkas in 1825, as well as the later ones, he resorted to this source of inspiration which he kept in mind until the very end of his life. [PAR] In the autumn of 1826, Chopin began"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - iWonder - Joseph Stalin: National hero or cold ... BBC - iWonder - Joseph Stalin: National hero or cold-blooded murderer? [PAR] Joseph Stalin: National hero or cold-blooded murderer? [PAR] 1879 [PAR] 1953Death of Stalin and the end of an era [PAR] How did Stalin get away with murder? [PAR] Stalin\u2019s name meant \"man of steel\" and he lived up to it. He oversaw the war machine that helped defeat Nazism and was the supreme ruler of the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century. [PAR] His regime of terror caused the death and suffering of tens of millions. But this powerful man began life as the son of an alcoholic cobbler and a doting mother who sent him to study to be a priest. [PAR] 1879 [PAR] Topfoto [PAR] Young Stalin. [PAR] He is born on 18 December 1879 in Gori, Georgia in the Russian empire. He is first named Iosif (Joseph) Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili. [PAR] Joseph grows up in poverty. His mother is a washerwoman and his father is a cobbler. He catches small pox aged seven and is left with a pockmarked face and a slightly deformed left arm. He is bullied by the other children and feels a continual need to prove himself. His father is an alcoholic who deals out regular beatings. As young Joseph grows up, Georgia\u2019s romantic folklore and anti-Russian traditions capture his imagination. [PAR] Topfoto [PAR] Photograph of Stalin as a young man. [PAR] Joseph\u2019s religious mother wants him to be a priest and in 1895 sends him to study in Tiflis, the Georgian capital. [PAR] However Joseph rebels and instead of studying scripture he reads the secret writings of Karl Marx and joins a local socialist group. He devotes much of his time to the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy and loses interest in his studies. Going against his mother\u2019s wishes, Joseph becomes an atheist and frequently argues with the priests. In 1899 he is finally thrown out of the seminary after failing to turn up to his exams. [PAR] You know, they are fooling us, there is no God\u2026 all this talk about God is sheer nonsense. [PAR] Stalin puts forward his atheistic arguments [PAR] 1901 [PAR] The revolutionary bandit [PAR] You need to have JavaScript enabled to view this clip. [PAR] David Reynolds describes Stalin's life as a Bolshevik bank robber. Clips from World War Two: 1941 and the Man of Steel (BBC Four, 2013). [PAR] While working as a clerk at the Meteorological Observatory, Joseph carries on with his revolutionary activities, organising strikes and protests. [PAR] His activities become known to the Tsarist secret police and he is forced to go underground. He joins the Bolshevik party and conducts guerrilla warfare for the first time in the 1905 Russian Revolution. His first meeting with Lenin, the Bolshevik leader, is at a party conference in Finland. Lenin is impressed by this 'ruthless underground operator'. In 1907 Joseph steals 250,000 rubles (approximately $3.4m in US dollars) in a bank robbery in Tiflis to help fund the cause. [PAR] Man of steel [PAR] Stalin's first wife Ketevan Svanidze. [PAR] Joseph marries his first wife Ketevan Svanidze in 1906. She comes from a poor family of minor nobility. [PAR] Ketevan gives birth to their son Yakov Dzhugashvili the following year. After the Tiflis bank robbery Joseph and his family escape Tsarist forces by travelling to Baku in Azerbaijan. When Ketevan dies of typhus in 1907, Joseph is wracked with grief. He leaves his son to be cared for by his wife\u2019s parents and throws himself into his revolutionary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wilhelm II, German Emperor (Central Victory) - Alternative ... Wilhelm II, German Emperor (Central Victory) | Alternative History | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Wilhelm II, German Emperor (Central Victory) [PAR] 41,176pages on [PAR] June 15, 1888 \u2013 June 4, 1941 [PAR] Predecessor [PAR] Lutheranism [PAR] Wilhelm II ( German : Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht von Preu\u00dfen; English : Frederick William Victor Albert of Prussia) (January 27, 1859 \u2013 June 4, 1941) was the German Emperor (Kaiser) and last King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire from June 15, 1888 until his death on June 4, 1941 and the Kingdom of Prussia from June 15, 1888 to January 30, 1934. He was a grandson of the British Queen Victoria and related to many monarchs and princes of Europe. Crowned in 1888, he dismissed the Chancellor, Prince Otto von Bismarck , in 1890 and launched Germany on a bellicose \"New Course\" in foreign affairs that culminated in his support for Austria-Hungary in the crisis of July 1914 that led to World War I . Bombastic and impetuous, he sometimes made tactless pronouncements on sensitive topics without consulting his ministers, and allowed his generals to dictate policy during World War I with little regard for the civilian government. This would lead to him becoming a figurehead for the rest of his life. [PAR] Although he despised Hitler, the deteriorating political stability of Germany let him play an important role in the German National People's Party 's rise to power. He dissolved the parliament twice in 1932 and eventually appointed Hitler as Chancellor in January 1933. In February, he issued the Reichstag Fire Decree which suspended various civil liberties, and in March he signed the Enabling Act, in which the parliament gave Hitler's administration legislative powers. This would later be seen as his greatest mistake as Hitler's dictatorship would lead Germany to victory in World War II , it would also remain in effect and eventually lead to the collapse of the German Empire in 1991. However, his contribution to German colonial expansion makes him a hated figure in the United Kingdom for destroying the British Empire. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Biography [PAR] Wilhelm was born on January 27, 1859 in Berlin to Prince Frederick William of Prussia (the future Frederick III) and his wife, Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom. He was the first grandchild of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert , but more importantly, as the first son of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Wilhelm was (from 1861) the second in the line of succession to Prussia, and also, after 1871, to the German Empire, which, according to the constitution of the German Empire, was ruled by the Prussian King. He was related to many royal figures across Europe, and as war loomed in 1914, Wilhelm was on friendly terms with his cousins the Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and King George V of the United Kingdom. He often tried to bully his royal relatives. [PAR] Wilhelm with his father in 1862 [PAR] A traumatic breech birth left him with a withered left arm due to Erb's palsy , which he tried with some success to conceal. In many photos he carries a pair of white gloves in his left hand to make the arm seem longer, holds his left hand with his right, or has his crippled arm on the hilt of a sword or holding a cane to give the effect of a useful limb posed at a dignified angle. Historians have suggested that this disability affected his emotional development [PAR] Early years"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bee Gees | Ed B on Sports Bee Gees | Ed B on Sports [PAR] Ed B on Sports [PAR] Bee Gees in 1978 (top to bottom) Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb [PAR] Background information [PAR] Steve Rucker [PAR] The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. The group\u2019s line-up consisted of brothers Barry , Robin , and Maurice Gibb . The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies ; Robin\u2019s clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry\u2019s R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the late 1970s and 1980s. They wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists. [PAR] Born on the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived in Chorlton , Manchester , England, until the late 1950s, and formed the Rattlesnakes . The family then moved to Redcliffe , in Queensland, Australia, and then to Cribb Island . After achieving their first chart success in Australia as the Bee Gees with \u201c Spicks and Specks \u201d (their 12th single), they returned to the UK in January 1967 where producer Robert Stigwood began promoting them to a worldwide audience. [PAR] The Bee Gees have sold more than 220 million records worldwide, making them one of the world\u2019s best-selling music artists of all time. [1] [2] They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; [3] the presenter of the award to \u201cBritain\u2019s first family of harmony\u201d was Brian Wilson , historical leader of the Beach Boys , a \u201cfamily act\u201d also featuring three harmonising brothers. [4] The Bee Gees\u2019 Hall of Fame citation says \u201cOnly Elvis Presley , the Beatles , Michael Jackson , Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees.\u201d [5] [PAR] Following Maurice\u2019s sudden death in January 2003 at the age of 53, Barry and Robin retired the group\u2019s name after 45 years of activity. In 2009 Robin announced that he and Barry had agreed that the Bee Gees would re-form and perform again. [6] Robin died in May 2012 at the age of 62, after a prolonged struggle with cancer and other health problems, leaving Barry as the lone surviving member of the group. [7] [PAR] Contents [PAR] 1955\u201366: Music origins, Bee Gees formation, and popularity in Australia[ edit ] [PAR] Plaque at Maitland Terrace/Strang Road intersection in Union Mills, Isle of Man [PAR] In 1955, Barry Gibb along with his brothers Robin and Maurice Gibb moved back to their father Hugh Gibb \u2018s home town of Chorlton-cum-Hardy , Manchester , England where they went to Oswald Road Primary School, [8] and they formed a skiffle /rock-and-roll group the Rattlesnakes , which consisted of Barry on guitar and vocals, Robin and Maurice on vocals, with friends Paul Frost on drums and Kenny Horrocks on tea-chest bass . In December 1957 the boys began to sing in harmony. The story is told that they were going to lip sync to a record in the local Gaumont cinema (as other children had done on previous weeks) and as they were running to the theatre, the fragile shellac 78-RPM record broke. The brothers had to sing live and received such a positive response from the audience that they decided to pursue a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] J.R.R. Tolkien - Author, Linguist - Biography.com J.R.R. Tolkien - Author, Linguist - Biography.com [PAR] J.R.R. Tolkien [PAR] J.R.R. Tolkien is an internationally renowned fantasy writer. He is best known for authoring The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings trilogy. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cIf you really want to know what Middle-earth is based on, it's my wonder and delight in the earth as it is, particularly the natural earth.\u201d [PAR] \u201cChildren aren't a class. They are merely human beings at different stages of maturity. All of them have a human intelligence which even at its lowest is a pretty wonderful thing, and the entire world in front of them.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThe hobbits are just what I should like to have been but never was\u2014an entirely unmilitary people who always came up to scratch in a clinch.\u201d [PAR] \u0097J.R.R. Tolkien [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born on January 3, 1892, in Bloemfontein, South Africa, J.R.R. Tolkien settled in England as a child, going on to study at Exeter College. While teaching at Oxford University, he published the popular fantasy novels The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings trilogy. The works have had a devoted international fan base and been adapted into award-winning blockbuster films. Tolkien died in 1973 at 81. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa, on January 3, 1892, to Arthur Tolkien and Mabel Suffield Tolkien. After Arthur Tolkien died from complications of rheumatic fever, Mabel settled with 4-year-old J.R.R. (then called Ronald) and his younger brother, Hilary, in the country hamlet of Sarehole, in Birmingham, England. [PAR] Mabel Tolkien died in 1904, and the Tolkien brothers were sent to live with a relative and in boarding homes, with a Catholic priest assuming guardianship in Birmingham. J.R.R. went on to get his first-class degree at Exeter College, specializing in Anglo-Saxon and Germanic languages and classic literature. He enlisted as a lieutenant in the Lancashire Fusiliers and served in World War I, making sure to continue writing as well. He fought in the Battle of the Somme, in which there were severe casualties, and was eventually released from duty due to illness. In the midst of his military service, he\u2019d married Edith Bratt in 1916. [PAR] Career as a Scholar and Writer [PAR] Continuing his linguistic studies, Tolkien joined the faculty of the University of Leeds in 1920 and a few years later became a professor at Oxford University. While there he started a writing group called The Inklings, which counted among its members C.S. Lewis and Owen Barfield. It was also at Oxford, while grading a paper, that he spontaneously wrote a short line about \"a hobbit.\" [PAR] The award-winning fantasy novel The Hobbit\u2014about the small, furry-footed Bilbo Baggins and his adventures\u2014was published in 1937 and was regarded as a children\u2019s book, though Tolkien would state the book wasn\u2019t originally intended for children. He also created more than 100 drawings to support the narrative. [PAR] Over the years, while working on scholarly publications, Tolkien developed the work that would come to be regarded as his masterpiece\u2014the Lord of the Rings series, partially inspired by ancient European myths, with its own sets of maps, lore and languages. [PAR] Tolkien released part one of the series, The Fellowship of the Ring, in 1954; The Two Towers and The Return of the King followed in 1955, finishing up the trilogy. The books gave readers a rich literary trove populated by elves, goblins, talking trees and all manner of fantastic creatures, including characters like the wizard Gandalf and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mother Teresa - Biographical Mother Teresa - Biographical [PAR] Mother Teresa [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 [PAR] Mother Teresa [PAR] Questions and Answers on Mother Teresa [PAR] Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje * , Macedonia, on August 26 ** , 1910. Her family was of Albanian descent. At the age of twelve, she felt strongly the call of God. She knew she had to be a missionary to spread the love of Christ. At the age of eighteen she left her parental home in Skopje and joined the Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missions in India. After a few months' training in Dublin she was sent to India, where on May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948 Mother Teresa taught at St. Mary's High School in Calcutta, but the suffering and poverty she glimpsed outside the convent walls made such a deep impression on her that in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent school and devote herself to working among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta. Although she had no funds, she depended on Divine Providence, and started an open-air school for slum children. Soon she was joined by voluntary helpers, and financial support was also forthcoming. This made it possible for her to extend the scope of her work. [PAR] On October 7, 1950, Mother Teresa received permission from the Holy See to start her own order, \"The Missionaries of Charity\", whose primary task was to love and care for those persons nobody was prepared to look after. In 1965 the Society became an International Religious Family by a decree of Pope Paul VI. [PAR] Today the order comprises Active and Contemplative branches of Sisters and Brothers in many countries. In 1963 both the Contemplative branch of the Sisters and the Active branch of the Brothers was founded. In 1979 the Contemplative branch of the Brothers was added, and in 1984 the Priest branch was established. [PAR] The Society of Missionaries has spread all over the world, including the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. They provide effective help to the poorest of the poor in a number of countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and they undertake relief work in the wake of natural catastrophes such as floods, epidemics, and famine, and for refugees. The order also has houses in North America, Europe and Australia, where they take care of the shut-ins, alcoholics, homeless, and AIDS sufferers. [PAR] The Missionaries of Charity throughout the world are aided and assisted by Co-Workers who became an official International Association on March 29, 1969. By the 1990s there were over one million Co-Workers in more than 40 countries. Along with the Co-Workers, the lay Missionaries of Charity try to follow Mother Teresa's spirit and charism in their families. [PAR] Mother Teresa's work has been recognised and acclaimed throughout the world and she has received a number of awards and distinctions, including the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971) and the Nehru Prize for her promotion of international peace and understanding (1972). She also received the Balzan Prize (1979) and the Templeton and Magsaysay awards. [PAR] From Nobel Lectures , Peace 1971-1980, Editor-in-Charge Tore Fr\u00e4ngsmyr, Editor Irwin Abrams, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1997 [PAR] This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel . It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures . To cite this document, always state"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 1918 Influenza Pandemic - virus The 1918 Influenza Pandemic [PAR] I opened the window, [PAR] And in-flu-enza. [PAR] The influenza pandemic circled the globe. Most of humanity felt the effects of this strain of the influenza virus. It spread following the path of its human carriers, along trade routes and shipping lines. Outbreaks swept through North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Brazil and the South Pacific (Taubenberger). In India the mortality rate was extremely high at around 50 deaths from influenza per 1,000 people (Brown). [PAR] The Great War, with its mass movements of men in armies and aboard ships, probably aided in its rapid diffusion and attack. The origins of the deadly flu disease were unknown but widely speculated upon. Some of the allies thought of the epidemic as a biological warfare tool of the Germans. Many thought it was a result of the trench warfare, the use of mustard gases and the generated \"smoke and fumes\" of the war. A national campaign began using the ready rhetoric of war to fight the new enemy of microscopic proportions. A study attempted to reason why the disease had been so devastating in certain localized regions, looking at the climate, the weather and the racial composition of cities. They found humidity to be linked with more severe epidemics as it \"fosters the dissemination of the bacteria,\" (Committee on Atmosphere and Man, 1923). Meanwhile the new sciences of the infectious agents and immunology were racing to come up with a vaccine or therapy to stop the epidemics. [PAR] The experiences of people in military camps encountering the influenza pandemic: [PAR] An excerpt for the memoirs of a survivor at Camp Funston of the pandemic Survivor [PAR] A letter to a fellow physician describing conditions during the influenza epidemic at Camp Devens [PAR] A collection of letters of a soldier stationed in Camp Funston Soldier [PAR] The origins of this influenza variant is not precisely known. It is thought to have originated in China in a rare genetic shift of the influenza virus. The recombination of its surface proteins created a virus novel to almost everyone and a loss of herd immunity. Recently the virus has been reconstructed from the tissue of a dead soldier and is now being genetically characterized . The name of Spanish Flu came from the early affliction and large mortalities in Spain (BMJ,10/19/1918) where it allegedly killed 8 million in May (BMJ, 7/13/1918). However, a first wave of influenza appeared early in the spring of 1918 in Kansas and in military camps throughout the US. Few noticed the epidemic in the midst of the war. Wilson had just given his 14 point address. There was virtually no response or acknowledgment to the epidemics in March and April in the military camps. It was unfortunate that no steps were taken to prepare for the usual recrudescence of the virulent influenza strain in the winter. The lack of action was later criticized when the epidemic could not be ignored in the winter of 1918 (BMJ, 1918). These first epidemics at training camps were a sign of what was coming in greater magnitude in the fall and winter of 1918 to the entire world. [PAR] The war brought the virus back into the US for the second wave of the epidemic. It first arrived in Boston in September of 1918 through the port busy with war shipments of machinery and supplies. The war also enabled the virus to spread and diffuse. Men across the nation were mobilizing to join the military and the cause. As they came together, they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Nipper and His Master's Voice - erik.oest The History of Nipper and His Master's Voice [PAR] The History of Nipper and His Master's Voice [PAR] Nipper and His Master's Voice - What is the story? [PAR] Nipper the dog was born in Bristol in Gloucester, England in 1884 and so named because of his tendency to nip the backs of visitors' legs. When his first master Mark Barraud died destitute in Bristol in 1887, Nipper was taken to Liverpool in Lancashire, England by Mark's younger brother Francis, a painter. [PAR] In Liverpool Nipper discovered the Phonograph, a cylinder recording and playing machine and Francis Barraud \"often noticed how puzzled he was to make out where the voice came from\". This scene must have been indelibly printed in Barraud's brain, for it was three years after Nipper died that he committed it to canvas. [PAR] Nipper died in September 1895, having returned from Liverpool to live with Mark Barraud's widow in Kingston-upon-Thames in Surrey, England. Though not a thoroughbred, Nipper had plenty of bull terrier in him; he never hesitated to take on another dog in a fight, loved chasing rats and had a fondness for the pheasants in Richmond Park! [PAR] In 1898 Barraud completed the painting and registered it on 11 February 1899 as \"Dog looking at and listening to a Phonograph\". [PAR] \"Dog looking at and listening to a Phonograph\" [PAR] Click for enlargement (66,842 bytes) [PAR] Barraud then decided to rename the painting \"His Master's Voice\" and tried to exhibit it at the Royal Academy, but was turned down. He had no more luck trying to offer it for reproduction in magazines. \"No one would know what the dog was doing\" was given as the reason! [PAR] Next on Barraud's list was The Edison Bell Company, leading manufacturer of the cylinder phonograph, but again without success. \"Dogs don't listen to phonographs,\" the company said. [PAR] Barraud was given the advise to repaint the horn from black to gold, as this might better his opportunity for a sale. With this in mind, in the summer of 1899 he visited 31 Maiden Lane, home of the newly formed Gramophone Company, with a photograph of his painting and a request to borrow a brass horn. [PAR] As Barraud later wrote in an article for The Strand magazine: \"The manager, Mr Barry Owen asked me if the picture was for sale and if I could introduce a machine of their own make, a Gramophone, instead of the one in the picture. I replied that the picture was for sale and that I could make the alteration if they would let me have an instrument to paint from.\" [PAR] Barraud painting \"His Master's Voice\" [PAR] Click for enlargement (52,177 bytes) [PAR] On 15 September 1899, The Gramophone Company sent Barraud a letter making him a formal offer for the picture, which he immediately accepted. He was paid \u00a350 for the painting and a further \u00a350 for the full copyright. The deal was finally confirmed on 4 October 1899 when a representative from The Gramophone Company saw the amended painting for the first time. [PAR] \"His Master's Voice\" [PAR] Click for enlargement (59,607 bytes) [PAR] This painting made its first public appearance on The Gramophone Company's advertising literature in January 1900, and later on some novelty promotional items. However, \"His Master's Voice\" did not feature on the Company's British letter headings until 1907. The painting and title were finally registered as a trademark in 1910. [PAR] It was also in 1900 that a seemingly innocuous request led to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guy Gibson: ghost of Dambusters dog 'found' at airbase ... Guy Gibson: ghost of Dambusters dog 'found' at airbase - Telegraph [PAR] World War Two [PAR] Guy Gibson: ghost of Dambusters dog 'found' at airbase [PAR] A team of paranormal investigators have claimed they have made contact with the \"spirit\" of the dog owned by Wing Commander Guy Gibson, the heroic pilot who led the Dambusters raids during the Second World War. [PAR] [PAR] The Dambusters with Guy Gibson (Richard Todd) and N****r Photo: GETTY IMAGES [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] (Left) A reconstruction of the Dambusters raid in 1943 (Right) Dambusters hero Wing Commander Guy Gibson Photo: GETTY [PAR] 7:00AM GMT 02 Nov 2011 [PAR] Wing Commander Gibson led the Dambusters raid in 1943 from his base at RAF Scampton, near Lincoln, just hours after his black labrador, called Nigger, was run over and killed. [PAR] Before taking off for the Ruhr Dams, Wing Commander Gibson left instructions for his faithful companion to be buried outside his office [PAR] But a legend sprung up around Nigger after there were several reported sightings of a black dog seen around the base following his death. [PAR] His office has been empty for more than half a century and is now part of the RAF Scampton Historical Museum, near Lincoln, Lincs. [PAR] Now paranormal investigators, given special permission to stake out the operational RAF base, have claimed that the spectre of the dog's spirit may have tried to speak to them as they have picked up activity on their electronic detection equipment. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Dambusters raid: background [PAR] 10 Oct 2011 [PAR] Filmed by the BBC, the team embarked on three all-night stakeouts at the base, now home to the Red Arrows. [PAR] It came Paul Drake, the lead investigator, was inspired by a 1987 photograph showing a mystery black dog at the opening of a Damsbusters memorial in the nearby village of Woodhall Spa. [PAR] \"I saw a picture that had the dog in it, which the photographer said was not there when it was taken, and that has stayed in the back of my mind for a few years,\" said Mr Drake, 49, a computer engineer and founder of Paranormal Lincs. [PAR] \"After I saw the picture I got in contact with RAF Scampton to see if we could do an investigation. I never dreamed they would say 'yes' as it is still an operational base and everything has to go through the base commander. [PAR] \"But they have been absolutely brilliant and have welcomed us with open arms.\" [PAR] The name of Gibson's black labrador was used as a code word whenever one of Germany's Ruhr Dams was breached during the \"bouncing bomb\" mission in May 1943, and was immortalised in the 1955 film starring Richard Todd. [PAR] Among the specialist kit used by the paranormal team were infra-red lights, proximity sensors and video cameras. [PAR] Mr Drake added: \"We have been up there on three different occasions, each time something different has happened. Something is definitely going on as there has been no power to the office for years. [PAR] \"The equipment we use to measure the electromagnetic field in a building is very sensitive, and every time we have been inside Guy Gibson's office there has been a reaction. [PAR] \"When we have asked the question 'are you there?,' the metre has always gone up.\" [PAR] Fellow paranormal investigator, Michelle Clements, added: \"We are looking for the spirit of Guy Gibson, but there have been a lot of things reported about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blondi ( - 1945) - Find A Grave Memorial Blondi ( - 1945) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr. 29, 1945 [PAR] Blondi was a female Alsatian (German Shepherd) that belonged to Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler during most of his life as German Chancellor (1933-1945). As the Soviet Army closed in on Hitler's bunker in Berlin, Hitler and some of his staff planned suicide by cyanide poisoning. However, Hitler was mistrustful of the poison capsules that had been supplied by SS Chief Himmler (whom he now saw as a traitor), so he ordered his personal doctor Werner Hasse to try one of the capsules out on Blondi. Blondi was initially buried in a shell crater outside the emergency exit to Hitler's bunker, and this same burial site was later used to inter the cremated remains of Hitler and Eva Braun. On April 30, 1945, on Hitler's orders, Blondi, Hitler and Eva Braun were cremated with diesel fuel in the Reich Chancellery garden above his bunker. The charred corpses were later discovered by the Russians. These remains were allegedly shipped to Moscow for tests that confirmed their identity although some accounts have them being autopsied in a pathology clinic in Buch, a suburb of Berlin. After the autopsies, Hitler, his wife, Eva Braun and his propaganda leader, Joseph Goebbels were allegedly buried in a series of locations including Buch, Finow and Rathenau (all in East Germany). In February of 1946, the remains were again moved to a Soviet Smersh facility in Magdeburg (Nos. 32 and 36). These remains were removed one final time in 1982 (some account say it was as early as 1970) by the request of Yuri Andropov, Secretary General of the USSR, 1982-84. Andropov, former KGB chief, fearing that Neo-Nazi's may discover the location, had the graves opened. All remains (still in a state of decomposition) were ground-up and put into a nearby Danube River tributary. All of these details are in dispute and there are many conflicting 'facts' stated in a variety of sources."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey (1993) - IMDb Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey ( 1993 ) [PAR] G | [PAR] Three pets escape from a California ranch to find their owners in San Francisco. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 16 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 15 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 22 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 05 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 15 Jul 2015 [PAR] Title: Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey (1993) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Shadow, Sassy, and Chance have to find their way home after they become stranded at the San Francisco International Airport as their owners fly to Canada on vacation. [PAR] Director: David R. Ellis [PAR] The story of three pets, a cat and two dogs, who lose their owners when they are all on vacation. Can they find their way home? [PAR] Director: Fletcher Markle [PAR] When a boy learns that a beloved killer whale is to be killed by the aquarium owners, the boy risks everything to free the whale. [PAR] Director: Simon Wincer [PAR] Babe, a pig raised by sheepdogs, learns to herd sheep with a little help from Farmer Hoggett. [PAR] Director: Chris Noonan [PAR] A slobbering St. Bernard becomes the center of attention for a loving family, but must contend with a dog-napping veterinarian and his henchmen. [PAR] Director: Brian Levant [PAR] The adventures of a young cat and a dog as they find themselves accidentally separated and each swept into a hazardous trek. [PAR] Director: Masanori Hata [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Three pets (Chance, a young dog unfamiliar with the world; Shadow, an aging, wise dog; and Sassy, a snobby cat) are left behind when their family goes on vacation. Unsure of what happened, the animals set out on a quest to find their family. This journey across America is very dangerous and the animals risk never seeing their masters again. The group of pets travel across forested mountains and areas of wide-open countryside, while their family searches for them in the same areas. Written by Anonymous [PAR] In the classic tradition of Walt Disney Pictures comes a story about courage, adventure and friendship. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 12 February 1993 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] A Incr\u00edvel Jornada See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] One of the rare talking animal movies in which the animal's mouth doesn't move in sync with their lines. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Grizzly bears are not found in the mountains of California. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Chance : I can do better! Just give me a second chance! [PAR] Shadow : That was your second chance, Chance! [PAR] Chance : Then give me a third chance! [PAR] One of the most Heart-Warming Funny Lovable Films About Animals EVER!! [PAR] 11 January 2004 | by Spiderman326128 [PAR] (New York)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Beauty (Scholastic Classics): Anna Sewell ... Black Beauty (Scholastic Classics): Anna Sewell: 9780439228909: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Black Beauty (Scholastic Classics) [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Amazon.com Review [PAR] \"A horse is a horse of course unless of course the horse is Black Beauty. Animal-loving children have been devoted to Black Beauty throughout this century, and no doubt will continue through the next. Although Anna Sewell's classic paints a clear picture of turn-of-the-century London, its message is universal and timeless: animals will serve humans well if they are treated with consideration and kindness. [PAR] Black Beauty tells the story of the horse's own long and varied life, from a well-born colt in a pleasant meadow to an elegant carriage horse for a gentleman to a painfully overworked cab horse. Throughout, Sewell rails--in a gentle, 19th-century way--against animal maltreatment. Young readers will follow Black Beauty's fortunes, good and bad, with gentle masters as well as cruel. Children can easily make the leap from horse-human relationships to human-human relationships, and begin to understand how their own consideration of others may be a benefit to all. (Ages 9 to 12)\" --This text refers to the Paperback edition. [PAR] Read more [PAR] From School Library Journal [PAR] Grade 4-6\u2013While better written than most abridged versions, these adaptations sacrifice character and theme development through simplified retellings of the basic plots or action. In Black Beauty, Church has reduced the original 49 chapters to 21 by combining the sequence and action into simpler accounts. Sasaki has reworked six of the Sherlock Holmes stories to maintain the mystery and solution minus Holmes's roundabout explanations of deduction. The books include lists of questions for discussion. The generously spaced, large-type format, interspersed with occasional black-and-white drawings, may serve as an introduction or starter as the series intends. However, waiting for the right read-aloud setting combined with discussion of the original is the best way to include the classics in any child's literary experience.\u2013Rita Soltan, Youth Services Consultant, West Bloomfield, MI [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to the Paperback edition. [PAR] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . [PAR] New York Times best sellers [PAR] Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Age Range: 9 and up [PAR] Grade Level: 4 and up [PAR] Series: Scholastic Classics [PAR] Mass Market Paperback: 272 pages [PAR] Publisher: Scholastic Paperbacks (March 1, 2003) [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Product Dimensions: 6.8 x 4.1 x 0.8 inches [PAR] Shipping Weight: 14.4 ounces [PAR] Write a customer review [PAR] Top Customer Reviews [PAR] By William MacLeod (King of the Rodeo Ropers and Western artist) on March 22, 2016 [PAR] Format: Paperback Verified Purchase [PAR] This book was really OK, but, it looked like his white sock foot was on the back hind left, but I originally liked Black Beauty's white sock foot on the back hind left, so that's why I like this one. [PAR] So, I decided that this book was the right sort for me because I mostly liked the 1994 version with Sean Bean so,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Susan Boyle splits from pet cat Pebbles - Mirror Online Susan Boyle splits from pet cat Pebbles - Mirror Online [PAR] Celebs [PAR] Susan Boyle splits from pet cat Pebbles [PAR] It's the most sensational showbiz break-up of the year \u2013 Susan Boyle and her cat are no longer an item. [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] It's the most sensational showbiz break-up of the year \u2013 Susan Boyle and her cat are no longer an item. [PAR] Cuddly Pebbles was once SuBo\u2019s constant companion. [PAR] But since the Scots singer shot to stardom on Britain\u2019s Got Talent, her 11-year-old pedigree Turkish swimming cat has been living with a pensioner in a quiet suburban flat. [PAR] Jet-set Susan, 48, has only seen her beloved pet three times since last July. And Pebbles was so spooked by her most recent visit last week, she hid beneath a wardrobe. [PAR] We traced Pebbles to her new home in Wanstead, East London, where she now lives with retired accountant Pamela Eaton-Browne. [PAR] Pam, 76, was asked to take her in by neighbour Alex Kadis, who works with Simon Cowell and is part of Susan\u2019s management team. [PAR] Pam, who has two other cats, is paid \u00a34 a day to cater for Pebbles\u2019 expensive tastes, including chicken and fish. [PAR] She said: \u201cI thought it would just be for a couple of weeks \u2013 but that was in July. The last time Susan came round Pebbles shot under a wardrobe and didn\u2019t want to know.\u201d [PAR] A spokesman for Subo, 48, confirmed the star and Pebbles are living apart. [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent[DOC] [TLE] Susan Boyle\u2019s cat | Flavour of the day - WordPress.com Susan Boyle\u2019s cat | Flavour of the day [PAR] Flavour of the day [PAR] 15 Comments [PAR] This is what poor Pebbles has to wake up to every morning [PAR] Susan Boyle is a sensation. She is Britain\u2019s talent, the new face of \u201cembracing womanhood\u201d and a living example of success sans beauty. She is \u201coh my god\u2026blah\u2026blah\u2026love her\u2026and some more blah\u201c. I have had enough of it already. Somebody please wake up the viewers from their fantastic journey into the dreamy lands of Susan Boyle and the despised comb. I\u2019m still reeling under the fact that not just Britain but Simon Cowell\u2019s masterpiece has spread like wildfire all across the world. The media lights go flashing and Simon Cowell goes cashing. Every time I see Susan Boyle and Simon Cowell together, I can\u2019t hear her \u2018brilliant\u2019 songs but all I hear is \u2018Ka-ching\u2018. [PAR] The reason why I wrote this and you read this\u2026 [PAR] I am amongst the chosen few on the path of enlightenment, attempting to wake the gullible millions but my attempts go futile daily. Well, there\u2019s always a tomorrow and if I don\u2019t get them, reality sure will. I am sure the recession has had some effect on the feel-good factor that Susan Boyle brings to the table. I wonder how many of the job seeking men and women wake up everyday to go for an interview and show up with \u2018unkempt hair\u2019. How many actually \u2018dare to dream that dream\u2018? I sometimes feel helpless, sitting there watching millions of videos being thrust in your face of a woman who is against washing her hair and being hailed for it. Billions of people searching online for her, if she"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Westminster Dog Show Winner: Why Wire Fox Terriers ... - TIME Westminster Dog Show Winner: Why Wire Fox Terriers Are the Best | TIME.com [PAR] Follow @TIMENewsfeed [PAR] For a long time, it seemed like the Internet really only had room in its heart for cats. Eventually, the web came around to dogs too, which was great. But let\u2019s face it: when it comes to canines, the Internet is pretty breedist. All anybody ever talks about are corgis, pugs, French Bulldogs and, most recently, shiba inus \u2014 for good reason, of course, because all of those dogs are adorable and generally awesome. [PAR] But here at NewsFeed, we decided it was time to stand up for another breed, one that has played a significant role in American popular culture but for some reason has been excluded from modern web culture. (DISCLOSURE: My family dog is a wire fox terrier named Stanley, and he is ADORABLE .) [PAR] Here are seven reasons why it\u2019s time for the sprightly, silly, adorable wire fox terrier to become the world\u2019s next great canine craze. [PAR] 1. A wire fox terrier just won Best in Show at Westminster [PAR] Timothy A. Clary / AFP / Getty Images [PAR] Five-year-old Sky took home the top prize at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. If the WFT is good enough for the world\u2019s most elite judges of canine quality, then it is good enough for you too. (Note: the non-show dog, civilian variety of fox terriers aren\u2019t usually groomed like that. They are much cuter.) [PAR] 2. They\u2019re Hollywood stars with major retro appeal [PAR] In the 1930s, just about everybody wanted a pet WFT, thanks to the very talented actor who played Asta in the popular 1930s Thin Man films. They became even more fashionable thanks to Snowy, the valiant wire fox terrier featured in the comic The Adventures of Tintin. Obviously anything vintage is cool nowadays, so let\u2019s all don our best cloche hats and fur muffs and hang out with wire fox terriers. Really though, check out this retro appeal: [PAR] H. Armstrong Roberts / Retrofile / Getty Images [PAR] 3. They get along with everybody [PAR] Wire fox terriers just want to have a good time, and they are not at all breedist. They\u2019ll play with anybody! For example, Cocker Spaniels: [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] 4. Wes Anderson likes them [PAR] In his film Moonrise Kingdom, Anderson cast none other than a wire fox terrier to play the role of loyal camp dog Snoopy . That movie came out nearly two years ago. It\u2019s time for the rest of the world to catch up. And plus, if Wes Anderson deems something cool, the Internet pretty much always agrees. [PAR] 5. They look great in hats [PAR] No like, really great. They are awesome for playing dress-up in general. [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] 6. Because of this guy: [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] If that doesn\u2019t define \u201cwinner,\u201d then we have no idea what in the world does. [PAR] 7. Oh, did we mention they\u2019re really cute? [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Look at that face. Are you going to tell that face it can\u2019t be an Internet star? [PAR] Samantha is a reporter for TIME.com and a graduate of Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism. [PAR] Subscribe Popular Among Subscribers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leo the Lion (MGM) - Moviepedia - Wikia Leo the Lion (MGM) | Moviepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Leo the Lion (MGM) [PAR] Share [PAR] Leo the Lion is the mascot for the Hollywood film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , featured in the studio's production logo. [PAR] Since 1924 (when the studio was formed by the merger of Samuel Goldwyn's studio with Marcus Loew's Metro Pictures and Louis B. Mayer 's company), there have been around five different lions used for the MGM logo. [PAR] Arguably the two most recognizable MGM lions today are Tanner, [1] the third MGM lion, and the current, unnamed fifth lion. Tanner was used on all 3-hue Technicolor films and MGM cartoons (including the Tom and Jerry series), from 1935-1958, as well as the 1963-67 Chuck Jones cartoons, and in use on the studio logo for 24 years (the current lion has been in use since 1957 , a total of 59 years). [PAR] Contents [PAR] The original Goldwyn Pictures lion logo, which was later utilized for MGM. [PAR] The first color lion, used in 1928. [PAR] Leo the Lion ( 1957 - present) in the MGM logo. [PAR] Slats in the MGM logo, 1924-1928 [PAR] Slats [2] was the first lion used for the newly-formed studio. Slats was used on all black and white MGM films between 1924 and 1928. The original logo was designed by Howard Dietz and used by the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation studio from 1916 to 1924 (see left), when the studio was ultimately absorbed into the partership that formed MGM. The MGM motto, Ars Gratia Artis (\"Art for Art's Sake\") was taken from the original Goldwyn Pictures by Volney Phifer to growl rather than roar, and for the next couple of years, the lion wou and survived two severe accidents. Slats died in 1936. [3] [PAR] One of the two lions used for Technicolor test logos for MGM's Happy Harmonies shorts, 1934-35 [PAR] MGM began experiments with two-color short subjects and cartoons in 1928. 2 two-strip Technicolor variations of the MGM logo were cregated for the first MGM color films, with two different lions being used. This is depicted in a still on the right, featuring the second MGM color lion, named, Coffee (1932\u20131934). The logo seen here appeared on MGM's Happy Harmonies cartoons until 1935, when production was switched to full three-strip Technicolor filming. [PAR] Jackie in the MGM logo, 1928-1956 [PAR] Jackie [4] was the second lion, depicted on the right from a still from The Wizard of Oz ( 1939 ). Jackie looked almost identical to Slats, his predecessor. Jackie was also the first MGM lion whose roar (which was more likely a number of soft growls) was heard by audiences of the Silent Film Era - via a gramophone record. Jackie was also arguably the most memorable of the lions, appearing on all black and white MGM films (1928\u20131956) and MGM's B&W cartoons like Captain and the Kids, Flip the Frog, and Willie Whopper. (1934\u2013 1938 ). Jackie died in 1952. [PAR] Tanner in the MGM logo, 1938-1956 [PAR] MGM began producing full three-strip Technicolor films in 1934, and the logo was slightly modified for color. Tanner [5] was used on all Technicolor MGM films ( 193 4\u20131956) and cartoons ( 193 5\u2013 1958 , 1963 - 1967 ). Tanner, who made his first short subject appearance in Star Night at the Cocoanut Grove (1934) and made his first feature film appearance in Sweethearts (1938) (his first cartoon appearance was on the Happy Harmonies cartoon The Old Plantation), was in use as Leo the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rafiki - The Lion King - Wikia Rafiki | The Lion King Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201d [PAR] Rafiki presents Simba to the animals [PAR] Rafiki first appears at the presentation of Simba. All the gathered animals make way for him, and some even bow with respect, while he returns the salute with a smile. Greeting one another on top of Pride Rock, Mufasa and Rafiki embrace as close friends. They then come to Sarabi , who shows her newborn child, Simba, to Rafiki. Rafiki smiles at him and starts to perform a ceremony over the future king. First, he lifts his stick above Simba's head, and Simba tries to catch it with his little paws. Then Rafiki breaks a piece of fruit in two parts and smears its juice on Simba's forehead. He then sprinkle a small amount of dust on his head and takes the little prince in his arms, carrying him to the edge of Pride Rock, where he raises him so all the animals can see him. When the ceremony ends, Rafiki returns home to his tree . There, as it rains, Rafiki drafts a stylized picture of Simba on his tree, chuckling to himself and murmuring the cub's name, \"Simba.\" [PAR] Rafiki realizes Simba is alive [PAR] A few months later, Scar brings news that Mufasa and Simba were killed in a stampede of wildebeests . Rafiki also hears the news and comes close enough to Pride Rock to see Scar take the throne and let the hyenas, mortal enemies of the lions, come to Pride Rock. Rafiki sighs sadly, mourning Mufasa, Simba, and the old kingdom. He soon returns to his tree and runs his hand over his drawing of Simba, blotting him out of the Circle of Life . [PAR] Years into Scar's reign, Rafiki sits on the crown of his tree and grabs a pile of leaves, dirt, grass, and flower petals that's floating on the breeze. He takes the mixture into an empty turtle shell and investigates it until he realizes that it contains traces of Simba, who is supposed to have been dead for several years. At first, Rafiki is confused by this new knowledge, but he soon runs to his smeared drawing and, realizing that Simba is now a young adult lion, draws him with a thick red mane. Getting ready to help Simba to take his place in the Circle of Life, Rafiki exclaims, \"It is time!\" [PAR] \"It means you are a baboon, and I'm not!\" [PAR] After a few days of travel, Rafiki finds a young adult Simba in the jungle . Simba does not remember Rafiki, as he had been too young when he last saw the baboon. That evening, Simba, in a bad mood, makes a face at Rafiki as the baboon tries to attract his attention by singing a song. Simba moves away from him, but Rafiki constantly monitors him, and Simba asks him if he can cut out his song. Rafiki replies, \"Can't cut it out. It'll grow right back!\" An offended Simba again moves away from Rafiki, calling him a \"creepy little monkey,\" but Rafiki again follows him. [PAR] Simba asks Rafiki to stop following him and then demands to know who he is. Rafiki asks Simba who he is, and Simba admits that he himself is no longer so sure. Rafiki says that he knows who Simba is but that it's a secret. When Simba comes near him, Rafiki chants his song in the young lion's ear. Simba snarls and asks him what it even"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Dad's Army\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb \"Dad's Army\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes [PAR] Overview [PAR] 35 out of 36 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Quite possibly the reason television was invented [PAR] from anaheim CA [PAR] 1 November 2005 [PAR] I was a youngster during WW II living in America but I was made well aware of the courage and resolve of the British people. Dad's Army, in addition to being the best comedy show ever, shows us this courage. Unlike so many sit coms, it is not mean or vicious but is gentle yet over the top funny. Despite their bumbling and odd approach to things, their love of country, their braveness, and their willingness to die for England if they have to, always shows through. [PAR] I own over 50 episodes on either VHS or DVD and am constantly searching for the ones I do not have. In addition I have both volumes of the complete scripts. I never get tired of watching or reading them. I can't watch the final episode (Never Too Old wherein Jonesy gets married and they drink a toast to the Home Guard every where)without feeling some tears welling up in my eyes. In fact, I'm starting to choke up a bit right now just thinking about it. [PAR] I have acquaintances (notice I don't say friends) who have watched it with me and just don't get it. They prefer the smart Alex stuff which passes for humor today. I do feel sorry for them. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 29 out of 30 people found the following review useful: [PAR] The best comedy EVER! [PAR] from Redcar, England [PAR] 12 June 2001 [PAR] Dad's Army is the best comedy ever written. It follows the Walmington-On-Sea Home Guard (part time soldiers) during the course of WW2. The platoon is led by the pompous Captain Mainwaring (Arthur Lowe), and the public school educated Sergeant Wilson (John Le Mesurier). Third in command is the decorated veteran Lance-Corporal Jones (Clive Dunn). Also in the platoon are a Cockney black-market dealing Private Walker (James Beck), a Scottish ex-Royal Navy Chief Petty Officer turned Undertaker named Fraser (John Laurie), a medic with bladder trouble named Godfrey (Arnold Ridley) and a mummy's boy named Pike (Ian Lavender). The platoon frequently gets into various types of trouble, and this usually leads to a clash with the Chief ARP Warden Hodges (Bill Pertwee). [PAR] The plots and scripts for all of the episodes are superb, and like a fine wine, the series gets better with age!. [PAR] An especially funny exchange was in the episode 'The Deadly Attachment' where the platoon are ordered to look after a U-Boat crew for the night. This exchange was recently voted the funniest moment ever in a comedy series! [PAR] If you don't watch this brilliant series, make sure you see it soon, and if you don't find it funny, you will never laugh at anything! [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 22 out of 22 people found the following review useful: [PAR] You Stupid Boy! [PAR] from Hawaii, USA [PAR] 10 December 2003 [PAR] Capt. Mainwaring would frequently utter the above phrase, and then immediately do something much more stupid than young Private Pike could ever accomplish. This is one of the reasons why this colorful program is one of my favorites (pardon my American English spelling)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catchphrase TV Programme product reviews and price comparison Catchphrase TV Programme product reviews and price comparison [PAR] Disadvantages [PAR] Good Old fashion fun and frolicks [PAR] Catchphrase used to be a popular staple of ITV's weekend and evening television schedule. Presented by the effervescent Roy Walker, it was funny, something you could play along with at home and enjoy fully. It's the kind of thing that would still be great fun now after You've been framed on a Saturday night. [PAR] The basic premise of the show was that on a big screen a big pixelated character 'Mr Chips' would do something and reinact some kind of catchphrase which contestants had to guess for money, so you'd have things like a miner and a head and have to guess from this that the phrase was Minehead (Ok apologies not the best example but first I could think of). [PAR] The contestants played on their buzzers and eventually went through to a final round to win exceptional prizes at the time (well a holiday). [PAR] The show gradually declined after Walker left as we had lesser hosts in Mark Curry and then Nick Weir. It has come back slightly with Walkers regular appearances on Chris Moyles breakfast show. [PAR] There was also an infamous incident where the action portrayed by Mr Chips was considered gratuitously sexual forcing Roy Walker and the contestants to collapse in fits of laughter. It has to be said nowadays a campaign would be raised to have such actions banned from the tv, but back then it was good fun for all the family which occasionally bordered on the smutty. [PAR] Roy Walker was an awesome host, a talented comedian with personality to burn, he was a master of the one liner and seemed to absolutely enjoy his job but also made the audience aware that the show was a cheap piece of fun and nothing spectacular. Sometimes I yearn for programmes like this that don't expect the audience to text in and part with 50p or have to salute some sob story for someone or other whose whole life is wanting to be on television, this centred on your average Joe or Jolene wanting to win a camping holiday in Ardennes by guessing ridiculously pixellated catchphrases. Gosh it was all so simple back then!!! [PAR] You can play the game interactively on the ITV website which is still good fun and holds a charm, the thing I liked about the show was Roy Walker's humour and the fact he would break down in laughter at the ridiculous nature of some of the catchphrases, the show was funny, charming and great fun and I do still miss the show.[DOC] [TLE] Flash back: Roy's guessing game, then goodbye Mr Chips ... Flash back: Roy's guessing game, then goodbye Mr Chips; Catchphrase (ITV1986-2002). - Free Online Library [PAR] Flash back: Roy's guessing game, then goodbye Mr Chips; Catchphrase (ITV1986-2002). [PAR] Page URL: [PAR] HTML link: [PAR] <a href=\"https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Flash+back%3a+Roy%27s+guessing+game%2c+then+goodbye+Mr+Chips%3b+Catchphrase...-a0162728177</a> [PAR] Citations: [PAR] APA style: Flash back: Roy's guessing game, then goodbye Mr Chips; Catchphrase (ITV1986-2002).. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 19 2017 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Flash+back%3a+Roy%27s+guessing+game%2c+then+goodbye+Mr+Chips%3b+Catchphrase...-a0162728177 [PAR] Byline: Jade Wright [PAR] AH Catchphrase-the high-tech quiz of the future, with its computer graphics and virtual robot, Mr Chips. [PAR] In the days before computer animation took off, Catchphrase was cutting edge - the first gameshow to use computer graphics and to have a virtual character, the cheeky scamp Mr Chips. [PAR] Oddly, the catchphrases weren't catchphrases at all. They were actually picture puzzles which revealed a phrase, saying, title,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV's 60 Greatest Catchphrases - Today's News: Our Take ... TV's 60 Greatest Catchphrases - Today's News: Our Take | TVGuide.com [PAR] TV's 60 Greatest Catchphrases [PAR] by Diane Clehane | Sep 9, 2013 9:00 PM EDT [PAR] Share on Facebook [PAR] Share on WhatsApp [PAR] Neil Patrick Harris [PAR] These indelible and infinitely quotable words spoken by our favorite TV characters and personalities are forever etched in our brains. Not that there's anything wrong with that. [PAR] 1. \"Heeeere's...Johnny!\" [PAR] Ed McMahon hailed the arrival of Johnny Carson from behind the Tonight Show curtain for 30 years and it never got old. Just ask Jack Nicholson. [PAR] 2. \"D'oh!\" [PAR] A forehead-smacking Homer Simpson popularized it, other residents of Springfield have said it at one time or another and the Oxford English Dictionary even deemed it worthy of an entry. [PAR] 3. \"Yada, yada, yada.\" [PAR] The ultimate show about nothing gave us more than its fair share of catchphrases, but this Seinfeld signature uttered by Elaine to gloss over a bad date and favored by George's felonious girlfriend is still really something. [PAR] 4. \"How you doin'?\" [PAR] We can't imagine how many times Joey Tribbiani's best pick-up line was tried out by Friends fans during the show's heyday, but it's safe to say no one said it better than Matt LeBlanc . [PAR] 5. \"What'choo talkin' 'bout, Willis?\" [PAR] Gary Coleman 's unforgettable delivery of Arnold Jackson's trademark line on Diff'rent Strokes made it the go-to phrase when you just had to tell a pal he was speaking nonsense. [PAR] 6. \"The tribe has spoken.\" [PAR] Reality TV has spawned countless elimination catchphrases, but Jeff Probst 's final words to the ousted Survivor competitors are the perfect blend of camp and cool. [PAR] 7. \"And that's the way it is.\" [PAR] Long before the advent of cable news, revered newsman Walter Cronkite closed his nightly broadcast with these iconic words. And we understood we'd just seen and heard everything we needed to know. [PAR] 8. \"Who are you wearing?\" [PAR] When Joan Rivers first took to the Golden Globes red carpet to ask stars about their designers, the E! host spawned an infotainment genre and turned celebrities into walking billboards. [PAR] 9. \"Come on down!\" [PAR] The Price Is Right contestants have been rushing the stage for more than 40 years upon hearing this command, most famously uttered by Johnny Olson . [PAR] 10. \"It's gonna be legen \u2014 wait for it \u2014 dary.\" [PAR] He's a one-man one-liner machine, but our favorite Barney Stinson ( Neil Patrick Harris ) quote on How I Met Your Mother brilliantly captures his bro-vado. [PAR] The Other 50 (by Decade) [PAR] \"Look! Up in the sky! It's a bird! It's a plane! It's Superman!\" \u2014 Adventures of Superman [PAR] \"Baby, you're the greatest.\" \u2014 Ralph, The Honeymooners [PAR] \"Yabba dabba doo!\" \u2014 Fred, The Flintstones [PAR] \"The thrill of victory and the agony of \u00addefeat.\" \u2014 Jim McKay, Wide World of Sports [PAR] \"Ruh-roh!\" \u2014 Astro, The Jetsons [PAR] \"Danger, Will Robinson!\" \u2014 Robot, Lost in Space [PAR] \"To the Batmobile!\" \u2014 Batman, Batman [PAR] \"This tape will self-destruct in five seconds.\" \u2014 Mission: Impossible [PAR] \"Live long and prosper.\" \u2014 Spock, Star Trek [PAR] \"Sock it to me!\" \u2014 Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In [PAR] \"Book 'em, Danno.\" \u2014 McGarrett, Hawaii Five-0 [PAR] \"Just one more thing...\" \u2014 Columbo, Columbo [PAR] \"Marcia, Marcia, Marcia!\" \u2014 Jan, The Brady Bunch [PAR] \"Stifle!\" \u2014 Archie, All in the Family [PAR] \"You hear that, Elizabeth? I'm coming to join you, honey.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did B.A. Baracus Never Actually Say 'I Pity the Fool' on ... Did B.A. Baracus Never Actually Say 'I Pity the Fool' on 'The A-Team'? | The Huffington Post [PAR] Did B.A. Baracus Never Actually Say 'I Pity the Fool' on 'The A-Team'? [PAR] 07/24/2015 02:10 pm ET | Updated Jul 24, 2016 [PAR] Brian Cronin Writer and founder of legendsrevealed.com [PAR] The A-Team was a fascinating hit TV series in that it was absurd even for the era in which it aired (1983-1987). The cartoon violence on the program was evident when, in the very first episode, a jeep carrying soldiers pursuing the team flips over spectacularly and crashes (it's an impressive enough shot that the show continued to use it in the opening credits for pretty much the entire run of the series). Voiceovers, of course, quickly assure viewers that both the driver and the passenger of the jeep were fine after the crash. That was The A-Team in a nutshell -- spectacular violence but people almost never actually got hurt, despite the A-Team's extensive use of explosives and automatic weapons. The A-Team was about a team of soldiers who were falsely accused of a crime that they did not commit in the closing days of the Vietnam War. Now on the run from the U.S. Military, they work as mercenaries helping out people in need while also trying to clear their names. [PAR] The team was led by Col. John \"Hannibal\" Smith (played by George Peppard), whose trademark phrase was \"I love it when a plan comes together.\" The team consisted of Smith plus Lt. Templeton \"Faceman\" Peck (played by Tim Dunigan in the first two episodes and Dirk Benedict going forward), Capt. H.M. \"Howling Mad\" Murdock (Dwight Schultz) and, of course, Sgt. Bosco Albert \"B.A.\" Baracus (Mr. T). Mr. T's B.A. Baracus quickly became the most popular character on the series (much to the annoyance of George Peppard). [PAR] Fans of The A-Team were quite familiar with Mr. T.'s trademark phrase, \"I pity the fool.\" However, is it really true that the phrase was never used on The A-Team? [PAR] Yes, surprisingly enough, just like how (as I featured in a past TV Legends Revealed ), Gracie Allen never actually said \"Goodnight, Gracie\" on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, B.A. Baracus never actually used the phrase \"I pity the fool\" on The A-Team (there are other famous examples of this, as well, of course, like Kirk never saying \"Beam me up, Scotty,\" Basil Rathbone's Sherlock Holmes never saying \"Elementary, my dear Watson\" and Rick never saying \"Play it again, Sam\" in Casablanca). [PAR] Mr. T., born Laurence Tureaud, was already quite a personality well before he began appearing regularly on television. He developed his Mr. T persona in the late 1970s while working as a bouncer (this is also when he began wearing gold chains and wearing his hair in the style of an African Mandinka warrior). His bouncer work led to him becoming a high profile bodyguard, working for such famous celebrities as Michael Jackson, Diana Ross and Muhammad Ali. His unique tough guy personality was given national exposure when Mr. T competed in a strongman competition on NBC called \"America's Toughest Bouncer.\" He won the competition. He then competed in a follow-up dubbed \"Games People Play\" and also won that competition. Before the final match, Mr. T explained to the commentator for the event, Bryant Gumbel, that \"I just feel sorry for the guy who I have to box. I just feel real sorry for him.\" Sylvester Stallone caught this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bruce Forsyth's top 10 catchphrases - Web User Forums Bruce Forsyth's top 10 catchphrases - Web User Forums [PAR] Bruce Forsyth's top 10 catchphrases [PAR] User Name [PAR] Bruce Forsyth's top 10 catchphrases [PAR] Bruce Forsyth's top 10 catchphrases [PAR] Bruce Forsyth's catchphrases have become legendary. [PAR] Here we count down (in reverse order) the all-time top 10 - the very best, the cream of the crop of catchphrases from Brucie's six decades in show business. [PAR] 10.\"I'm the leader of the pack which makes me such a lucky jack. And here they are, they're so appealing, OK dollies do your dealing.\" [PAR] This was how Brucie introduced his wonderful assistants on Play Your Cards Right. For a time during the show's run, concerns over political correctness forced him to stop referring to the assistants as dollies, but the term was brought back later. [PAR] 9. \"All right, my loves?\" [PAR] This was used by Brucie during the Generation Game. When he had explained to a hapless couple how to do a particular task he would check that they'd got the idea by asking: \"All right, my loves?\" [PAR] 8. \"Give us a twirl!\" [PAR] Introducing his Generation Game assistant Anthea Redfern, Brucie always commented on her dresses. On one occasion Brucie blurted out: \"Oh Anthea, that's lovely. Let the viewers see the back of your dress. Come on, give us a twirl.\" It was another ad-lib that became a Forsyth phrase. [PAR] 7. \"You get nothing for a pair!\" [PAR] This formed a vital part of all Mr Forsyth's game shows. It was, as the name suggests, an extra prize. On Play Your Cards Right, if two cards of the same value appeared consecutively the contestant would lose their turn. Brucie would turn to the audience and say: \"You get nothing for a pair.\" The audience would reply: \"Not in this game.\" [PAR] 6. \"What do points make?\" [PAR] Another game show classic from the maestro. Explaining the rules of a show he would note that contestants needed to accumulate points and would then ask the audience: \"What do points make?\" The audience would reply: \"Prizes!\" [PAR] 5. \"Good game, good game!\" [PAR] The Generation Game invariably had games that were not good, but to save the day Brucie used to whip up the audience with: \"Good game, good game.\" [PAR] 4. \"I'm in charge!\" [PAR] This is a very important catchphrase because it was Brucie's first, which is why it receives such a high placing in our ranking. It is also one of three Brucisms that have appeared in the Oxford Book of Quotations (the other two are ranked second and first in our list). [PAR] \"I'm in charge\" was originally used during a game called Beat the Clock which formed part of Sunday Night at the London Palladium in the late 1950s (a variety show which gave Brucie his big break on TV. [PAR] 3. \"Didn't he do well?\" [PAR] While working on the Generation Game, Brucie was told to find a way to link from the contestant finishing the conveyor belt memory game (cuddly toy, fondue set etc) to the moment when he walked back on screen. [PAR] \"All right,\" he replied, \"I'll just say: 'Didn't he do well?' It's not the greatest line in the world, but it'll do.\" [PAR] 2. \"Cuddly toy, cuddly toy!\" [PAR] Another Generation Game favourite. This one referred to the one item that always featured on the famous converyor belt. [PAR] 1. \"Nice to see you, to see you?\" [PAR] And so we come to the grand daddy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Golden Shot - UKGameshows The Golden Shot - UKGameshows [PAR] The Golden Shot [PAR] Vernon Kay (2007 special) [PAR] Co-hosts [PAR] Original hostesses (known as the Golden Girls, natch): Anita Richardson, Andrea Lloyd and Carol Dilworth (otherwise known as the mother of Chesney Hawkes). Subsequent hostesses included Yutte Stensgaard (1970-1), Lee Patrick, and Anne Aston (famous as she was supposedly unable to count without using her fingers). [PAR] \"Heinz\" (armourer): Hannes Schmid (format inventor). \"Bernie the Bolt\"s: Derek Young, Alan Bailey, Johnny Baker. Also, Jim Bowen in the 2007 Vernon Kay one-off. [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] ATV London for ITV, 1 July to 30 December 1967 (27 episodes) [PAR] ATV Midlands for ITV, 6 January 1968 to 13 April 1975 (310 episodes) [PAR] Granada and Thames for ITV1, 1 October 2005 ( Gameshow Marathon one-off) [PAR] ITV Productions and TalkbackThames for ITV1, 28 April 2007 ( Gameshow Marathon one-off) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Long-running ITV Sunday night skill game. The contestants would mostly be telephone callers on the show, and they would play the game by instructing a blindfolded cameraman to adjust their aim in order to fire a 'telebow' (a crossbow tied to the camera) at targets. [PAR] The bow was loaded by the show's feature character, Bernie the Bolt. The programme is noted for it not only having three Bernies but a number of different hosts, including Bob Monkhouse twice. [PAR] \"Nice weapon, isn't it?\" - Bob Monkhouse with assistant. [PAR] Successful shots resulted in prizes of increasing value; unsuccessful ones earned fairly derisory consolation prizes. When the programme gained popularity with Monkhouse presenting, Lew Grade moved the show to Sunday afternoons, a traditional graveyard slot in the schedules that would scrape 2-3 million viewers. The programme transformed the schedules, picking up 16 million at its peak. [PAR] Host of the 70s version, Charlie Williams [PAR] There were numerous gaffes on the show, which was always billed as downmarket. It also had the added problem that - being a phone-in, it had to be a live show. [PAR] One studio contestant managed to knock herself out while on the toilet. A clergyman who had criticised the show for being unsafe was invited to the studio, only to be hit by a bow that ricocheted off the studio lights. Another stray bolt hit a female contestant, who was saved thanks to her shoulder pads. One contestant couple went for a cup of tea during the live show so the hostess had to grab some quick replacements and introduce them to the unknowing host. And on one famous occasion, as recounted in Bob Monkhouse 's autobiography, it was discovered that a phone-in contestant was trying to direct the crossbow from a telephone box and looking across the street into a TV shop. [PAR] Key moments [PAR] Host Charlie Williams (below) was once surprised when a different hostess arrived on set, because no-one on the production team had told him that the regular hostess was ill. [PAR] Anne Aston arrives to the host's surprise - \"No-one tell Williams, he's only t'gaffer\" [PAR] And on yet another occasion, the hostess introduced the contestants by the wrong name. You could tell this was quality TV, folks. [PAR] \"Well, it says he's called Patricia on my card\" - hostess Lee Patrick introduces a contestant [PAR] Catchphrases [PAR] \"Bernie, the bolt\" (Originally it was \"Heinz, the bolt\" but the original armourer - format inventor Hannes Schmid - went back to his home country. Although his replacement was called Derek, Monkhouse told him to choose a name that made it alliterative so he plumped for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diff'rent Strokes (TV Series 1978\u20131986) - IMDb Diff'rent Strokes (TV Series 1978\u20131986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The misadventures of a wealthy Manhattan family who adopted the children of their late African American housekeeper from Harlem. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Arnold and Dudley become friends with the owner of a local bicycle shop named Henry, unaware that he is a pedophile looking for his next victim. [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] Drummond and Mr. Ramsey learn the truth about Mr. Horton, the seemingly friendly bicycle shop owner with a very sinister side. It soon becomes a race against time to get details out of Arnold after ... [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] With his grades down, Drummond forbids Willis to see his new girlfriend, Charlene. However, a love-struck Willis is determined to see her, even if means doing it behind Drummond's back. [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] Watch the video [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 19 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 03 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 06 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 14 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 images [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Diff'rent Strokes \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Diff'rent Strokes (1978\u20131986) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 31 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Tony Micelli, a retired baseball player, becomes the housekeeper of Angela Bower, an advertising executive in New York. Together they raise their kids, Samantha Micelli and Jonathon Bower, with help from Mona Robinson, Angela's man-crazy mother. [PAR] Stars: Tony Danza, Judith Light, Alyssa Milano [PAR] The post-retirement season is suddenly disrupted for football player George Papadapolis and his wife Katherine when Webster, the orphaned son of a former teammate, moves in. Laughter -- and life lessons -- in every episode. [PAR] Stars: Susan Clark, Alex Karras, Emmanuel Lewis [PAR] Chronicles liberal ex-hippies Steven and Elyse Keaton, their conservative son Alex, daughters Mallory and Jennifer, and later, youngest child Andrew. [PAR] Stars: Michael J. Fox, Michael Gross, Meredith Baxter [PAR] The misadventures of a family with a home business father and a journalist mother. [PAR] Stars: Alan Thicke, Joanna Kerns, Kirk Cameron [PAR] A group of girls, attending a boarding school, tackle issues throughout teenage life and later adulthood. [PAR] Stars: Lisa Whelchel, Kim Fields, Mindy Cohn [PAR] The Cunningham family live through the 1950s with help and guidance from the lovable and almost superhuman greaser, Fonzie. [PAR] Stars: Ron Howard, Henry Winkler, Marion Ross [PAR] Ricky Stratton is a spoiled rich kid who lives the life that many kids dream of, but he still suffers from the problems that many teens do. [PAR] Stars: Ricky Schroder, Erin Gray, Joel Higgins [PAR] The humourous adventures of an English housekeeper working for an American family. [PAR] Stars: Christopher Hewett, Ilene Graff, Tracy Wells [PAR] The goings-on in the life of a successful African American family. [PAR] Stars: Bill Cosby, Phylicia Rashad, Keshia Knight Pulliam [PAR] A wacky alien comes to Earth to study its residents, and the life of the human woman he boards"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"He's fallen in the water\" | AVForums \"He's fallen in the water\" | AVForums [PAR] AVForums.com uses cookies. By continuing to use this site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Learn More. [PAR] \"He's fallen in the water\" [PAR] Ratings: [PAR] +163 [PAR] ...from the Goon Show. This is a line I've heard my father recite for years without ever knowing from where it came. I've recently learnt it appears to be from the Goon Show, a radio show with Harry Seacombe, Peter Sellers and Spike Milligan. Does anyone have any clue where I could get the soundbite for the above sketch from? [PAR] [PAR] Astraeus [PAR] CM Silencio RC-550 | CM Silent Pro M 600W | MSI P67-GD65 | Intel Core i5 2500K | Corsair XMS3 PC12800 8GB | MSI GeForce GTX 460 1GB | Crucial M4 128GB | Samsung SpinPoint F4 2TB | 2x Dell U2311H | [PAR] +687 [PAR] Astraeus said: \u2191 [PAR] ...from the Goon Show. This is a line I've heard my father recite for years without ever knowing from where it came. I've recently learnt it appears to be from the Goon Show, a radio show with Harry Seacombe, Peter Sellers and Spike Milligan. Does anyone have any clue where I could get the soundbite for the above sketch from? [PAR] Click to expand... [PAR] Dad says if you google \"the goon show\" you may find some clips... according to him, it was just something that popped up from Spike Milligan said and found its way into various lines during the comedies... he has some tapes so I assume there are cd's or summat available at amazon or somewhere mate [PAR] [PAR] Dad says if you google \"the goon show\" you may find some clips... [PAR] Click to expand... [PAR] You should know as you were named after one of them [PAR] [PAR] Ratings: [PAR] +163 [PAR] Thanks. I've been able to find selected soundbites but, unfortunately, not the one I'm after. There are entire volumes of The Goon Show available on CD but it seems daft to incur an expense for the sake of wanting a single sketch. Seems like the sort of comedy I would/could have engaged with...proposterous, childish and involving lots of silly voices. [PAR] [PAR] Astraeus [PAR] CM Silencio RC-550 | CM Silent Pro M 600W | MSI P67-GD65 | Intel Core i5 2500K | Corsair XMS3 PC12800 8GB | MSI GeForce GTX 460 1GB | Crucial M4 128GB | Samsung SpinPoint F4 2TB | 2x Dell U2311H | [PAR] about halfway down the page. Search the page for \"Little Jim\" [PAR] Dave [PAR] Ratings: [PAR] +687 [PAR] Have listened to my dads tapes in the car on a journey and there are some tear ripping moments seriousely worth getting hold of IMHO [PAR] [PAR] Ratings: [PAR] +767 [PAR] A majour comedy series from the 50' and 60's that influenced others like the Monty Python team. [PAR] Official site. [PAR] goon show was amazing, light years ahead of its time [PAR] [PAR] Ratings: [PAR] +4,574 [PAR] From what I recall it was a recurring catchphrase that last saw the light of day in The Last Goon Show of All. [PAR] Last edited: Jan 12, 2009 [PAR] ** Do not click any green links in my posts. **\u200b [PAR] Ratings: [PAR] +357 [PAR] Was it the one where the 'Constable' was asked if he'd like to join the river police and then pushed in? [PAR] [PAR] They forced their way passed me by pressing money in my hand [PAR] Ah OH......... No more curried eggs for me"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wild man Ivanisevic wins Wimbledon. | Sport | The Guardian Wild man Ivanisevic wins Wimbledon. | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] And so he did it. Goran Ivanisevic, one of the most unpredictable talents tennis has produced, finally won the Wimbledon title at the fourth time of asking, defeating Australia's Pat Rafter 6-3, 3-6, 6-3, 2-6, 7-5 yesterday afternoon amid the sort of scenes of wild enthusiasm and rapturous joy that have never been witnessed on the centre court. [PAR] Around 10,000 fans, some of whom had begun queueing on Sunday, paid \u00a340 a ticket to transform the denouement of the 115th championships into the most vividly memorable of sporting occasions. [PAR] Only in Davis Cup matches, played between nations, does this sort of carnival atmosphere pervade tennis, for it is the rich and the sponsored who normally attend the major finals, more's the pity. Australians and Croatians combined with those from Britain to lift this match beyond mere rivalry. [PAR] The names of both players were bounced around the famous arena with the unparalleled intensity of a football crowd. Yet there was not a trace of ill-feeling. All was pure unfettered delight, ultimately tinged with a little sadness for Rafter. \"Someone had to lose, and I'm the loser again,\" said the Australian, drawing a sustained and heartfelt \"Aah\" from the crowd. They loved Rafter, they loved Ivanisevic. It was the most glorious and improbable of finals. Nobody in their right mind could have believed at the beginning of the fortnight that the man from Croatia would achieve his dream. [PAR] Entering Wimbledon he had won only nine matches this year. His left shoulder, which will be operated on in December, was painful and his confidence shot to small pieces. Ranked No125 in the world, he was given a wild card on the strength of his previous performances, having lost the final to Andre Agassi in 1992 and Pete Sampras twice, in 1994 and 1998. [PAR] Not since Boris Becker won the title as a 17-year-old in 1985 has there been such an unlikely winner. But whereas the German exploded from nowhere, seizing the moment with nerveless authority of youth, the 29-year-old Ivanisevic had all but slipped over the horizon. He was tagged \"the most talented player never to have won Wimbledon\". No longer. [PAR] Today he is due back in his native Split where thousands more will gather. It has been a quite astonishing story, one to rival this year's restoration and rejuvenation of Jennifer Capriati, the Australian and French Open champion. [PAR] Because it was Ivanisevic, because the man would walk on the backs of crocodiles to cross a river, the final was as unpredictable as the man. For six matches he had controlled his volatile temperament. But midway through the fourth set, when he was foot-faulted after pounding down a service winner, and then saw a second service ace called out, he went berserk, flailing his arms, kicking the net and appealing to the umpire, Jorge Diaz. [PAR] Rafter watched and waited no doubt wondering, indeed hoping, that Ivanisevic's split personalities might be beginning to unravel. The Australian cricketers, including the Waugh twins, Glenn McGrath and Shane Warne, were mightily amused. No third umpire to sort this one out. [PAR] But Rafter, 28, knew Ivanisevic would regroup. \"It was too big an occasion for him to let that sort of thing worry him and get him down,\" he said. In fact the Croat, having calmed himself, was more annoyed at losing his serve for a second time in that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volleyball Rules | UTEP Recreational Sports Department Volleyball Rules | Division of Student Affairs | The University of Texas at El Paso [PAR] Volleyball Rules [PAR] [PAR] The UTEP Recreational Sports Department Volleyball Rules are based on the United States Volleyball Association. Some of the more important rules as well as rules unique to the UTEP Rec Sports Department are included herein. All players are responsible for reading this document before participating in our volleyball program. [PAR] Eligibility for Intramural Sports: [PAR] UTEP Students, Staff or Faculty Only. [PAR] THE GAME: [PAR] NUMBER OF PLAYERS: A complete team consists of six (6) players, but a minimum of four (4) players is required to start and continue a game. By game time, all teams must have at least the minimum number of its players on the court and ready to play. For Coed play, the number of females on the court must be equal or greater to the number of males on the court. NOTE: A Coed team fielding enough players to start, but not of the appropriate gender, shall receive a forfeit. [PAR] ROSTER LIMIT: There are no limits to the number of eligible participants on your roster. Be aware that league champions will receive a maximum of 9 awards. [PAR] LENGTH OF GAMES AND MATCH: The team that first scores twenty five (25) points in a game shall win that game. A team must win by two (2) points, and there is no cap. The first team to win two games wins the match. Forty-five minutes are allotted to complete a match. If the match requires a deciding third game, the first team to reach fifteen (15) points with a minimum two-point lead shall win it. There will be a seventeen (17) point cap in the final game. [PAR] BALL: The Recreational Sports Department will supply the game ball. Teams must provide their own ball(s) for warm-ups. [PAR] COURT AREA: The legal playing area includes all court area on either side of the center (net) line up to the walls and the dividing net between the courts. The centerline is considered to extend infinitely in either direction (i.e. it is illegal to contact the ball past the center line when outside the court boundaries). Any ball that contacts the ceiling may be played as long as it is on your side and you have hits left to play the ball. However, the ball is considered out of bounds if the ball crosses over to the other side of the court. [PAR] SERVICE: To legally serve the ball, a player\u2019s last contact with the ground before contacting the ball must be behind the back service line, anywhere along its length. Players must wait for the official\u2019s whistle to initiate the serve. Players must contact the ball on their first attempt at serving or a side out will result. The ball is considered in play if the ball contacts the net before going over. Positioning: The position of the other players during service shall be within their playing area (but may not touch the court boundary lines) in serving order with each of the three forward line players in front of their respective back row players at the instant the ball is served. A player also may not overlap an adjacent player to the left or right of his/her position. The position of players is judged according to the place their feet contact the floor at the time the ball is contacted for service. [PAR] AFTER THE BALL IS SERVED: Opponents of the serving team may receive the serve"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grass Courts - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ... Grass Courts - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] - 54 million grass plants on Centre Court (rough calculation according to a formula) [PAR] [PAR] - 77 total hours played on Centre Court [PAR] The grass [PAR] The grass plant itself has to survive in this dry soil. Expert research has again shown that a cut height of 8mm (since 1995) is the optimum for present day play and survival. [PAR] [PAR] Courts are sown with 100 per cent Perennial Ryegrass (since 2001) to improve durability and strengthen the sward to withstand better the increasing wear of the modern game. [PAR] [PAR] Independent expert research from The Sports Turf Research Institute in Yorkshire, UK, proved that changing the grass seed mix to 100 per cent perennial ryegrass (previously 70 per cent rye/30 per cent creeping red fescue) would be the best way forward to combat wear and enhance court presentation and performance without affecting the perceived speed of the court. [PAR] [PAR] Perceived speed of a court is affected by a number of factors such as the general compacting of the soil over time, as well as the weather before and during the event. [PAR] [PAR] The ball will seem heavier and slower on a cold damp day and conversely lighter and faster on a warm dry day. [PAR] [PAR] The amount a ball bounces is largely determined by the soil, not the grass. The soil must be hard and dry to allow 13 days of play without damage to the court sub-surface. [PAR] [PAR] To achieve the required surface of even consistency and hardness, the courts are rolled and covered to keep them dry and firm. Regular measurements are taken to monitor this. [PAR] [PAR] There have been no changes to the specification of the ball since 1995, when there was a very minimal alteration in compression. [PAR] Lines and dimensions [PAR] Total area of grass on each of Centre and No.1 Courts is 41m x 22m. [PAR] [PAR] Singles Court is length 23.77m (78\u2019) x width 8.23m (27\u2019). [PAR] [PAR] Doubles Court is length 23.77m (78\u2019) x width 10.97m (36\u2019). [PAR] [PAR] Paint is not used to mark the lines on the court. A transfer wheel marker is used to apply a white compound (500 gallons used yearly) containing titanium dioxide to make it durable."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rafael Nadal beats Tomas Berdych in Wimbledon final ... Rafael Nadal beats Tomas Berdych in Wimbledon final | Toronto Star [PAR] Rafael Nadal beats Tomas Berdych in Wimbledon final [PAR] Rafael Nadal has defeated Tomas Berdych to win the Wimbledon men\u2019s title. [PAR] Rafael Nadal of Spain celebrates Championship Point during his Mens Singles Final match against Tomas Berdych of Czech Republic on July 4, 2010. (Clive Brunskill / Getty Images) [PAR] Sun., July 4, 2010 [PAR] WIMBLEDON, ENGLAND - Rafael Nadal swept Tomas Berdych in straight sets Sunday to win his second Wimbledon title and eighth Grand Slam championship. [PAR] The top-ranked Spaniard beat the 12th-seeded Czech 6-3, 7-5, 6-4 in two hours 13 minutes to reinforce his status as the No. 1 player in the game. [PAR] Nadal broke Berdych four times and never lost serve in 15 service games. [PAR] It\u2019s the second time Nadal has won the French Open and Wimbledon back-to-back. [PAR] With eight Grand Slam titles, Nadal joins a list of greats that includes Andre Agassi, Jimmy Connors, Ivan Lendl, Fred Perry and Ken Rosewall. He also has five French Open championships and one Australian Open title. [PAR] Article Continued Below [PAR] After ripping a crosscourt forehand passing shot on match point, Nadal collapsed on his back on the turf at the baseline and covered his face with his hands. After congratulating Berdych, Nadal leaped out of his chair and did a front somersault on the grass, rising to his feet with both fists clenched. [PAR] Nadal won his first Wimbledon title in 2008, beating Roger Federer in an epic five-set final, but was unable to defend his crown last year because of tendinitis in his knees. [PAR] With Sunday\u2019s victory, he has won 14 straight matches at the All England Club and \u201cdefended\u201d the title he won in his last appearance here. [PAR] Nadal is the first Spanish man to win Wimbledon twice. Manolo Santana took the title in 1966. [PAR] Berdych, the first Czech to reach the Wimbledon final since Lendl in 1987, had beaten Federer and No. 3 Novak Djokovic en route to the final, but couldn\u2019t find a way to take out the second-seeded Nadal as well. [PAR] Nadal beat Berdych for the seventh straight time, a span covering 17 consecutive sets. [PAR] In a match short on drama and spectacular points, Nadal capitalized on a few weak service games by Berdych to seize control. [PAR] It was typical grass-court Wimbledon tennis, with play dominated by serves and only a few break points here and there making the difference. [PAR] Nadal played his usual grinding baseline game featuring whippet forehands, but wasn\u2019t at his sharpest, making some uncharacteristic mistakes. [PAR] It wasn\u2019t a vintage performance from Nadal, who had 21 unforced errors compared to 17 for Berdych. Nadal had 29 winners, two more than the Czech. [PAR] Nadal won all the big points against the 24-year-old Czech, who was playing in his first Grand Slam final and failed to convert any of his four break points."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Tennis | Murray wins Wimbledon mixed title BBC SPORT | Tennis | Murray wins Wimbledon mixed title [PAR] BBC Sport at Wimbledon [PAR] Murray and Jankovic were playing in their first event together [PAR] Jamie Murray became the first Briton for 20 years to win a senior title at Wimbledon as he and Serbia's Jelena Jankovic won the mixed doubles. [PAR] The 21-year-old Scot, elder brother of British number one Andy, follows in the footsteps of Jeremy Bates and Jo Durie, who won the same title in 1987. [PAR] Murray and Jankovic beat fifth seeds Jonas Bjorkman of Sweden and Australia's Alicia Molik 6-4 3-6 6-1. [PAR] It was the last match of the tournament and was played on Centre Court. [PAR] Interview: Jamie Murray and Jelena Jankovic [PAR] After a pulsating men's final the arena was empty for the start of the mixed final, but it soon filled up with spectators keen to witness a small moment of British tennis history. [PAR] The home favourite did not make the best of starts, dropping serve straight away, but Murray and Jankovic soon recovered the break. [PAR] It could be a good bet - and you'd probably get some good odds too! [PAR] Jamie Murray when asked by BBC Sport in March on his chances of winning a Grand slam title before Andy [PAR] And when doubles expert Bjorkman was broken in game nine, Murray and Jankovic held onto the advantage to seal the first set. [PAR] It was a different story in the second, however, as the fifth seeds raced into a 5-1 lead and quickly got back on level terms. [PAR] The momentum appeared to be with the more established pair but it was not the case. [PAR] Bjorkman was broken to love in the second game of the deciding set and, with the Wimbledon crowd increasingly vociferous, a second break followed in game six. [PAR] It fell to the beaming Jankovic to serve out and she did so comfortably, sealing a first Grand Slam title for both players. [PAR] An elated Murray said: \"I don't know if it's sunk in, but it feels pretty good.\" [PAR] He paid tribute to his Serbian partner, the world number three in singles but a self-confessed doubles novice. [PAR] 606: DEBATE [PAR] A brilliant performance by the pair, I'm really chuffed for Jamie [PAR] KG [PAR] \"She won the match in the end because she kept returning the guy's serve and I couldn't do it,\" he said. [PAR] Jankovic, who lost to eventual finalist Marion Bartoli in the fourth round of the women's singles, admitted that a first Grand Slam win was especially sweet. [PAR] \"It's really an incredible feeling for me to be there and to hold the trophy,\" she said. [PAR] \"It's something that I always dreamed of, and I would love one day to have that feeling with the singles trophy.\" [PAR] SEE ALSO[DOC] [TLE] Laura Robson and Jamie Murray want mixed doubles wild card ... Laura Robson and Jamie Murray want mixed doubles wild card for Wimbledon - Telegraph [PAR] Wimbledon [PAR] Laura Robson and Jamie Murray want mixed doubles wild card for Wimbledon [PAR] Laura Robson and Jamie Murray have asked for a wild card into the mixed doubles competition at this summer's Wimbledon Championships, a request that the All England Club will almost certainly meet. [PAR] Winning combination: Andy Murray and Laura Robson at the Hopman Cup Photo: GETTY IMAGES [PAR] By Mark Hodgkinson [PAR] 6:31PM BST 05 May 2010 [PAR] It will be the second time this year that Robson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | THE BBC TEAM | Novotna tips Tauziat for title BBC News | THE BBC TEAM | Novotna tips Tauziat for title [PAR] Saturday, 24 June, 2000, 15:01 GMT 16:01 UK [PAR] Novotna tips Tauziat for title [PAR] Third time lucky: Jana Novotna took the title in 1998 [PAR] Jana Novotna is tipping French outsider Natalie Tauziat, who she defeated in the 1998 Ladies Singles final, to finally take the Wimbledon crown. [PAR] A member of the BBC's TV team at this year's Championships, Novotna said: \"I would really like to see Natalie Tauziat win, and I think she can do it. [PAR] \"She has been on the Tour for many years and is the last remaining grass court player we have on the women's circuit, and I know it would be one of her biggest dreams come true if she succeeds. [PAR] \"She has a tough opener against Cim Klijsters of Belgium, but if she can get past her she can go all the way.\" [PAR] Surprised [PAR] Novotna, who famously cried on the Duchess of Kent's shoulder after losing the 1993 final to Steffi Graf, retired last year but says she is not missing life on the professional circuit. [PAR] She told BBC Radio tennis correspondent Iain Carter: \"My life has changed dramatically, but I have made a good adjustment. [PAR] Tauziat: could this be her year? [PAR] \"I know a lot of players struggle when they finally make their decision to to retire - they don't know what to do, they're used to the routine - but I seem to be doing fine. [PAR] \"I'm no longer travelling as much, and I spend most of my time at home, keeping myself busy with plenty of other things. I'm enjoying playing golf and going skiing, and doing a bit of work such as here at Wimbledon. [PAR] \"I like to go and play tennis for about half an hour or 45 minutes at a time but that's about it. I'm glad I no longer have to do all that physical activity on a daily basis.\" [PAR] Different [PAR] Three-times Wimbledon finalist Novotna said the fact that no one player is currently dominating the women's game is \"nice for the players and very attactive for the spectators\". [PAR] She added: \"It's a very wide open Wimbledon this year, and I think we'll see yet another different Grand Slam champion. [PAR] \"Mary Pierce is playing awfully well lately, and Conchita Martinez has done it once before (in 1994) and definitely has a chance. [PAR] \"It will also be nice to see the Williams sisters back in the game, competing with the likes of Hingis and Davenport.\" [PAR] Search BBC Sport Online[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Press Office - Wimbledon press pack: biographies for ... BBC - Press Office - Wimbledon press pack: biographies for radio team [PAR] Category: Sport ; BBC One ; BBC Two ; 5 Live ; New Media [PAR] Clare Balding [PAR] A former leading amateur flat jockey and champion lady rider, Clare's speciality is horse racing but she also covers a wide variety of other sports and assignments. [PAR] She began her BBC career with BBC Radio 5 live in 1993 presenting the racing bulletin on Danny Baker's Morning Edition. Clare was appointed as BBC Sport's TV racing presenter in December 1997. [PAR] She first presented Wimbledon with Simon Mayo on 5 Live in 2003 and will also be on commentary duties this year. [PAR] Pat Cash [PAR] Pat was a popular winner of the Men's Singles title at Wimbledon in 1987, famously"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u2018Heroic, sexy and a warrior bravado\u2019: how Adam and the ... \u2018Heroic, sexy and a warrior bravado\u2019: how Adam and the Ants redefined pop | Music | The Guardian [PAR] The G2 interview [PAR] \u2018Heroic, sexy and a warrior bravado\u2019: how Adam and the Ants redefined pop [PAR] They were a riot of makeup, feathers, tribal drums and surf guitars \u2013 and, for a spectacular moment, they became the biggest band in the UK. Adam Ant and Marco Pirroni tell the story of their breakthrough [PAR] King of the wild frontier: Adam Ant, complete with Apache war stripe [PAR] Thursday 26 May 2016 11.52 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Friday 16 September 2016 11.40 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] On the morning of 17 October 1980, Adam Ant discovered he couldn\u2019t go to the corner shop. Or, at least, he couldn\u2019t go to the corner shop without attracting attention: \u201c[There was] pointing, girls chasing us down the street, and all the rest of it.\u201d He was nearly 27 years old and had become a pop star literally overnight. The previous evening, Adam and the Ants had appeared on Top of the Pops for the first time. Their single, Dog Eat Dog , wasn\u2019t really high enough in the charts to warrant a slot on the biggest pop show on British TV. (It had scraped into the Top 40 at No 37 \u2013 a distinct improvement on anything Adam and the Ants had achieved in the previous three years of their career, but hardly a seismic eruption to trouble the artists that hogged the top of charts: the Police , Madness or Ottowan, with the deathless D.I.S.C.O. ) Nor had the media shown much interest. \u201cIf we\u2019d got played on the radio, you\u2019d soon have known about it, but I can\u2019t recall anyone actually playing it,\u201d Ant says. \u201cWe weren\u2019t getting a lot of joy at Radio 1.\u201d [PAR] Still, another artist had dropped out of the show at the last minute and the Ants\u2019 TV plugger had somehow secured them a booking. It was, says Marco Pirroni \u2013 the band\u2019s guitarist and Adam\u2019s songwriting partner \u2013 the moment they had been waiting for. \u201cI was totally a child of the glam era. I basically consider glam rock to be the pinnacle of all human achievement. I\u2019d seen Bowie doing Starman and Roxy Music on Top of the Pops and, in the back of my mind, that\u2019s exactly what I wanted to achieve. You wanted to cause that argument in the playground the next day.\u201d [PAR] I know for a fact that Pirroni got his wish. I was nine years old the night of that performance. I\u2019ve said before that it more or less changed my life : certainly, it was the moment that sold me on pop music to the exclusion of almost everything else a nine-year-old boy might be interested in. And at school the next day, there were arguments. Some of us thought it was the greatest thing we\u2019d ever seen; better even than Star Wars . Others were profoundly unconvinced, voicing the opinion that because Adam Ant was wearing makeup, he was a \u201cgaylord\u201d (an insult that baffled me at the time and baffles me still, based as it apparently was on the quaint but erroneous notion that homosexuals organise themselves along some kind of feudal system). [PAR] Clearly, similar exchanges were happening in playgrounds up and down the country. The following week, Dog Eat Dog was No 19 in the charts, then No 4 the week after. By new year \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Maniac\" - FlashDance (*Take 1*) - YouTube \"Maniac\" - FlashDance (*Take 1*) - YouTube [PAR] \"Maniac\" - FlashDance (*Take 1*) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 20, 2010 [PAR] ...............NB!! Wait for the music to kick in!! [PAR] This is another interpretation of the mood and movement of this phenomenal movie, starring Jennifer Beals and directed by Adrian Lyne in 1983. [PAR] Enjoy! [PAR] \"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.\" [PAR] Flashdance is a 1983 American romantic musical film that was the first collaboration of producers Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer and its presentation of some sequences in the style of music videos was an influence on other 1980s films including Top Gun (1986), Simpson and Bruckheimer's most famous production. Flashdance opened to bad reviews by professional critics but was a surprise box office success, becoming the third highest grossing film of 1983 in the USA. [PAR] It had a worldwide box-office gross of more than $100 million [PAR] Its soundtrack spawned several hit songs, among them \"Maniac\" performed by Michael Sembello and the Academy Award-winning \"Flashdance... What a Feeling\", performed by Irene Cara, which was written for the film. [PAR] Adrian Lyne, whose background was primarily in directing TV commercials, was not the first choice as director of Flashdance. David Cronenberg turned down an offer to direct the film, as did Brian de Palma, who instead chose to direct Scarface (1983). Executives at Paramount were unsure about the film's potential and sold 25% of the rights prior to its release. The role of Alex Owens was originally offered to Melanie Griffith, who turned it down. Producers wanted an unknown for the part. The audition for the part of Alex Owens was narrowed down to a final shortlist of three candidates, Jennifer Beals, Demi Moore, and Leslie Wing[6] before Beals won the part. Flashdance is often remembered for the sweatshirt with a large neck hole that Jennifer Beals wore on the poster advertising the film. Beals said that the look of the sweatshirt came about by accident when it shrank in the wash and she cut out a large hole at the top so that she could wear it again. [PAR] The role of Nick Hurley was originally offered to KISS lead man Gene Simmons, who turned it down because it would conflict with his \"demon\" image. Pierce Brosnan, Robert De Niro, Richard Gere, Mel Gibson, Tom Hanks and John Travolta were also considered for the part. Kevin Costner, a struggling actor at the time came very close for the role of Nick Hurley, that went to Michael Nouri. [PAR] Thank you so much for loving this video!!! -------------------- [PAR] Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. [PAR] Thank you! [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ginger Baker | Facebook \u00b7 January 11 at 7:52am \u00b7 London, United Kingdom \u00b7 [PAR] When I was at Sorceror Sound in NYC with my Dad recording one of his records, c.2000, I remember him wanting to track down David Bowie to come in and 'play a bi...t of sax', suffice to say it never happened (what DID happen with that Kip , do you remember that conversation?). Here's a quirky version of 'I Feel Free' that David recorded on Black Tie White Noise, he gave it go, that's all I will say.. although I like some of the obtuse harmonies on the saxes. I much prefer the original, which I feel is one of Jack's greatest and most original songs from the Cream days.. anyway, this in tribute to the late great David Jones [PAR] :-)[DOC] [TLE] Ginger Baker - Drummer - Biography.com Ginger Baker - Drummer - Biography.com [PAR] Ginger Baker [PAR] Considered one of the greatest drummers of all time, Ginger Baker played with the bands Cream and Blind Faith. He is known for using two bass drums in his kit. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous British People [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Peter \"Ginger\" Baker was born in London in 1939. He began playing drums as a teen, and by age 16 he was touring. He formed the band Cream in 1966, and when it dissolved, he formed Blind Faith. Ginger Baker's next years were marked by addiction and fights with bandmates, and he fled to Nigeria to get clean. Financial troubles ultimately drove him to settle in South Africa, where he still lives and raises polo ponies. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Ginger Baker was born as Peter Edward Baker on August 19, 1939 in London, England. He grew up in a poor family; his mother worked in a tobacco shop, and his father was a bricklayer who was killed in World War II. Rambunctious at an early age, he spent his youth focused on cycling until he discovered the drums at the age of 15. At 16, he left school and began touring with jazz bands. [PAR] Early Career [PAR] As he passed through several bands on the London jazz scene, Baker took too easily to the hard-partying lifestyle: He was drinking heavily, doing drugs, crashing cars and getting in trouble with the police. In 1959, he met and married Liz Finch, with whom he had two daughters and a son. [PAR] In 1962, Baker joined Alexis Korner's Blues Incorporated, followed by the Graham Bond Organisation in 1963. It was here that hostilities first developed between Baker and bass player Jack Bruce. The two became known for sabotaging each other's instruments and fighting on stage, and Bruce was ultimately forced out of the band. [PAR] Cream and Blind Faith [PAR] Baker met Eric Clapton in 1966, and Clapton suggested they recruit Jack Bruce for a new band. Despite their tumultuous history, Baker agreed, and Cream was formed. The band dissolved in 1968, in large part because of the animosity between Baker and Bruce. Shortly after the break-up of Cream, Baker and Clapton joined with Steve Winwood and Ric Grech to form Blind Faith. The band was an instant success, but lasted less than a year. [PAR] Baker and Winwood went on to form the fusion band Ginger Baker's Air Force in 1970. That same year, Baker suffered a near-fatal overdose\u2014on the night his friend Jimi Hendrix died\u2014and he decided to leave the music scene to get clean. He went to Lagos, Nigeria, set up a music studio and learned to play polo. Baker's experience"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shakin' Stevens: The Remarkable Career of Michael Barratt ... Shakin' Stevens: The Remarkable Career of Michael Barratt (TV Movie 2012) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Shakin' Stevens: The Remarkable Career of Michael Barratt ( 2012 ) [PAR] 40min [PAR] Profile of the man who in the 1980s, spent the equivalent of 5 years in the UK singles chart, had more hits in Britain than Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Madonna, and reached the Top 30... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] Title: Shakin' Stevens: The Remarkable Career of Michael Barratt (TV Movie 2012) [PAR] 9.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Profile of the man who in the 1980s, spent the equivalent of 5 years in the UK singles chart, had more hits in Britain than Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Madonna, and reached the Top 30 no less than 30 times. He entered the Guinness Book of Hit Singles and Albums, following The Beatles for the 1960s, and Elton John for the 1970s, by becoming the biggest selling UK artist of a decade. But these achievements are never celebrated. This film changes that. Written by Anonymous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crosby, Stills & Nash - Music on Google Play Crosby, Stills & Nash - Music on Google Play [PAR] Crosby, Stills & Nash [PAR] About the artist [PAR] Crosby, Stills & Nash were a folk rock supergroup made up of Americans David Crosby and Stephen Stills and British Graham Nash. They were known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young when joined by Canadian Neil Young, who was an occasional fourth member. They were noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on US music and culture. Crosby, Stills & Nash were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and all three members were also inducted for their work in other groups. Neil Young has also been inducted, but as a solo artist and as a member of Buffalo Springfield, not for his work with the group. [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] After The Storm is the thirteenth album by Crosby, Stills & Nash, their fifth studio album in the trio configuration, released on Atlantic Records in 1994. It would be their last release on Atlanti... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] Live It Up is the tenth album by Crosby, Stills & Nash, their fourth studio album in the trio configuration, released on Atlantic Records in 1990. It peaked at #57 on the Billboard 200 with current... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] CSN is a Crosby, Stills & Nash album released in 1977, the fifth album by the group, the second by the trio configuration and the first without Neil Young since his entry into the band. It peaked a... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu is the second album by Crosby, Stills & Nash, and their first in the quartet configuration of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. It was released in March 1970 by Atlantic Records, catalogue SD-7... [PAR] 1 [PAR] Stephen Stills [PAR] 0 [PAR] Stephen Arthur Stills is an American musician and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. [PAR] Beginning his professional career with Buf... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Neil Young [PAR] 0 [PAR] Neil Percival Young, OC OM, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960. In 19... [PAR] 0 [PAR] David Crosby [PAR] 0 [PAR] David Van Cortlandt Crosby is an American singer-songwriter. In addition to his solo career, he was a founding member of both the Byrds and Crosby, Stills & Nash. [PAR] He wrote or co-wrote \"Lady Friend\"... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Graham Nash [PAR] 0 [PAR] Graham William Nash, OBE is an English singer-songwriter and musician. He is known for his light tenor voice and for his songwriting contributions as a member of the English pop group The Hollies a... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Buffalo Springfield [PAR] 0 [PAR] Buffalo Springfield was an American-Canadian rock band, formed in Los Angeles in 1966. Their original lineup included Stephen Stills, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Richie Furay, and Neil Young. Pione... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Crosby & Nash [PAR] 0 [PAR] In addition to solo careers and within the larger aggregate of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, the musical team of David Crosby and Graham Nash have performed and recorded regularly as a duo, mostly ... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Traffic [PAR] 0 [PAR] Traffic was an English rock band, formed in Birmingham. The group formed in April 1967 by Steve Winwood, Jim Capaldi, Chris Wood and Dave Mason. They began as a psychedelic rock group and diversifi... [PAR] 0"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Bryar - My Chemical Romance Wiki - Wikia Bob Bryar | My Chemical Romance Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Bob Bryar was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in the suburbs of Downers Grove. He started experimenting with drumming at the age of four. Bryar attended Eisenhower Junior High School where he received his first music training, playing drums in jazz bands and orchestral ensembles. He later attended Downers Grove South High School, and continued to play in various music groups. Although he initially wanted to focus on jazz and orchestral percussion, Bryar felt that it wasn't something he could \"do for the long run and still feel happy with it\", so he switched to rock music. [1] [PAR] His main influences in terms of drumming have been cited as jazz fusion drummer Dave Weckl and Rush drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. [2] [PAR] Career [PAR] Edit [PAR] Having graduated from high school and not able to find people with similar intentions of dedicating to a rock band, Bryar moved to Gainesville, Florida where he worked on a degree in recording engineering from the University of Florida. During this time, he also took MLG a job at Disney World, where he was assigned drumming in The Little Mermaid theme show, and later in the Aladdin stage show. [3] [PAR] After graduating, Bryar was hired as the house sound man at the House of Blues concert hall in Chicago, where he worked for two years.CRI Still looking to forming a rock band, he then decided to go on the road as a sound engineer and drums technician. From this, he moved upwards to tour managing for various bands including The Used. [4] [PAR] My Chemical Romance [PAR] Edit [PAR] Bryar befriended My Chemical Romance through his capacity as sound technician with The Used on tour. When My Chemical Romance fired their drummer Matt Pelissier in 2004, Bryar was an obvious choice as a replacement. After the band hired him, they had one day of practicing together in New Jersey before filming the \"I'm Not Okay (I Promise)\" video. Two days after that, they went on tour. [5] The first album Bryar recorded with My Chemical Romance was their third studio album The Black Parade . [PAR] During the video recording of \"Famous Last Words\", Bryar suffered serious burns to his leg. The set of the video involved fire, and being at the drumset Bryar was extremely close to the heat; on the last shot of the day, he contracted third degree burns on his left calf which infected his blood and gave him a staph infection. He was later admitted to the hospital. Not initially considered serious, one gig was cancelled and the band flew to England for a short run of gigs and publicity appearances. By the time the band returned to the US, Bryar had to be rushed to the hospital once again. His injury had become infected and potentially life-threatening. [6] [PAR] In October 2007, during a concert in Newark, New Jersey (opening for Bon Jovi), Bob broke his wrist, which caused the cancellation of some performances of My Chemical Romance and later his temporary replacement. [PAR] On March 3, 2010, it was announced on the official My Chemical Romance website that Bob Bryar was no longer part of the band. In November 2010, in an interview for the Spin, producer Rob Cavallo commented on Bryar's departure: \"It quickly became apparent that [Bryar] was obstructing their creative process.. it was a sad thing, but he was throwing water on their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cilla Black: How Priscilla White was given her new name ... Cilla Black: How Priscilla White was given her new name after a magazine error - Mirror Online [PAR] Cilla Black: How Priscilla White was given her new name after a magazine error [PAR] The legendary entertainer, who passed away aged 72, was re-born as Cilla after a simple mistake [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] She shot to fame and captured the nation's hearts as Cilla Black . [PAR] But the legendary entertainer, who passed away on Sunday aged 72, was actually born Priscilla White. [PAR] Magazine journalist Bill Harry has told how he was responsible for Priscilla's new moniker after a simple error in a magazine. [PAR] Writing in The Sun, he recalled being friends with the star in the 1960s, when he was launching music magazine Mersey Beat. [PAR] (Photo: Rex) [PAR] Priscilla was at that time known to her friends as Cilla and he asked her to write a fashion column for his new venture. [PAR] He also decided to write about her music ventures, under a piece called 'Swinging Cilla'. [PAR] He wrote: \"I was writing the second paragraph and realised I couldn't remember Cilla's surname. I knew it was a colour, but I couldn't remember which one. [PAR] \"The piece was about colours and I somehow decided the colour in her surname must have been Black, so that's what I called her. [PAR] View gallery [PAR] \"When the issue came out on July 6, 1961, Cilla's dad John, a docker, was upset but Cilla told me she liked the sound of her new name and would use it. So she became Cilla Black.\" [PAR] Cilla, who was the highest paid woman on TV in the 80s and 90s, was found dead at her Spanish villa in Marbella on Sunday. [PAR] Her amazing life was documented in a three-part series on ITV last year where actress Sheridan Smith took the honour to play the role of Cilla. [PAR] 'Surprise Surprise' TV - 1984 - Cilla Black (Photo: REX) [PAR] Sheridan has paid her respects to Cilla's family, she said: \u201cI\u2019m absolutely devastated to hear the news. She was the most remarkable woman, a true legend. She was so kind and helpful to me, it was a privilege to play her. [PAR] \u201cMy condolences go out to her family and all who loved her. She will be truly missed.\u201d [PAR] The star hit the big time in the 1960s with her number one singles Anyone Who Had A Heart and You\u2019re My World. [PAR] In 2013 Cilla celebrated 50 years in showbusiness. Other highlights in her glittering career included hosting Blind Date and Surprise Surprise. [PAR] Video Loading[DOC] [TLE] Priscilla White | ZoomInfo.com Priscilla White | United Kingdom | ZoomInfo.com [PAR] got to know them all. [PAR] \"In all these clubs you made a point of making friends with everybody,\" [PAR] she [PAR] says. \"It was rather like a glorified YMCA. I used to collect a lot of autographs and watch a lot of performers because I was very much interested in show business. Deep down in my heart I knew I was going to be a singer.\" [PAR] By October 1962 Cilla was working at the Cavern in [PAR] her [PAR] lunch hours, hanging up coats for five shillings (60 cents) an hour. [PAR] \"That way I could listen to the music and get paid for it,\" [PAR] she [PAR] says. [PAR] ... [PAR] \"They knew my"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Altberg - Meaning And Origin Of The Name Altberg ... Altberg - Meaning And Origin Of The Name Altberg | WIKINAME.NET [PAR] Altberg [PAR] Name Number: 2. Meaning: Partnership, Sense, Other, Passive, Assistance, Acceptance, Intimacy, Peace [PAR] Songs about Altberg: [PAR] Sahara (Altberg Remix) by Kreis from the Album 4 Djs Only - Techno, Vol. 1 [PAR] Sahara (Altberg Remix) by Kreis from the Album Electronic Music Society New York Winter Edition [PAR] Sahara (Altberg Remix) by Kreis from the Album Between Ep [PAR] Books about Altberg: [PAR] The Sutton House McCook Nebraska Architect Frank Lloyd Wright - 2008 by Donald Morgan; John Altberg [PAR] GEORGES BATAILLE Ou l'envers de la philosophie: 89 (Camion Noir) (French Edition) - Feb 18, 2014 by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Altberg [PAR] Marco Altberg - Cole\u00e7\u00e3o Aplauso (Em Portuguese do Brasil) - 2011 by 0 [PAR] Anomalies of Water and the Crystalline Structure of Ice (Anomalii Vody i Kristallicheskaya Struktura lda) - 1972 by V. Y. Altberg [PAR] On the Centers or Nuclei of Water Crystallization (O Tsentrakh ili Ladrakh Kristallizatsii Vody) - 1972 by V. Y. Altberg [PAR] Under the Glacier - Mar 8, 2005 by Halldor Laxness and Magnus Magnusson [PAR] A Brave Man Seven Storeys Tall: A Novel (P.S.) - Jul 7, 2015 by Will Chancellor [PAR] Dead Aim: A Novel - Feb 14, 2006 by Thomas Perry [PAR] Anita Loos Rediscovered: Film Treatments and Fiction by Anita Loos, Creator of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" - Nov 10, 2003 by Anita Loos and Cari Beauchamp [PAR] Latvijas Dzelzcelu Lokomotives (Latvian Language Edition) - 2005 by Toms Altbergs [PAR] Pitkin Public School District Number Five - Oct 8, 2010 by Myron D. Dillow [PAR] SPY SAT DOWN BESIDE HER - Jul 1, 2005 by Kenneth Byrns [PAR] Wiki information Altberg: [PAR] Basshunter [PAR] Eurodance Artist, Broadcast Artist, Musical Artist, TV Actor, Musician, Award Nominee, Person, , Record Producer, Award Winner [PAR] Jonas Erik Altberg, better known by his stage name Basshunter /\u02c8be\u026as.h\u028cn.t\u0259r/, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, record producer, and DJ. He is best known for his number one hits \"Boten Anna\", \"Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA\", \"Now You're Gone\"... [PAR] Marco Altberg [PAR] Film director, Film producer, Person, Topic [PAR] Marco Altberg is a film director, a film producer and a screenwriter. [PAR] Marcela Altberg [PAR] Actor, Person, Topic, Film casting director [PAR] Marcela Altberg is an actress and casting director. [PAR] Ebbe Altberg [PAR] Maria Altberg is a film editor. [PAR] Eric Barclay [PAR] Actor, Film actor, Deceased Person, Topic, Person [PAR] Eric Barclay was a Swedish film actor. Barclay became a prominent actor in French silent films of the early 1920s, often working with director Jacques de Baroncelli. He also appeared in German and British films, and those of his native Sweden. [PAR] Emmanuel Altberg"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Louise Jameson - IMDb Louise Jameson - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actress [PAR] Louise Jameson is a classically trained actress whose first love is the stage but she also became known to millions of British television viewers through her roles in such hugely popular television series as Doctor Who (1963), Tenko (1981), Bergerac (1981) and EastEnders (1985). Jameson had formal acting training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skaro Home of the Daleks - The Daleks - The Doctor Who Site Skaro - The Daleks - The Doctor Who Site [PAR] Skaro Home of the Daleks [PAR] The planet Skaro and the Dalek city [PAR] Skaro was home to the Kaleds and Thals. A Nuclear war broke out between the two races. The Kaleds chief scientist Davros created a casing for mutated Kaleds, he called it a \u2018Mark 3 travel machine\u2019 later to be known as a Dalek. [PAR] The Planet Skaro [PAR] The planet itself has very rarely been shown. The image on the left is Skaro getting destroyed in Remembrance of the Daleks. The image on the right is Skaro from the 1996 TV Movie where the Doctor was taking the Masters remains from Skaro back to Gallifrey, the Daleks didn\u2019t feature in this story. [PAR] Skaro after the Kaled / Thal war [PAR] The Daleks were not aware that any Thals survived the war as they could not leave their city. The Daleks coundn\u2019t leave the city as it provided the static electricity they needed to operate. The Thals had evolved and adapted to the radiation. Below are some pictures of the Dalek city, the map on the right charts the history of the Thals. [PAR] The Emperor on Skaro [PAR] The second time the Doctor saw Skaro was in The Evil of the Daleks. This time the Daleks were controlled by the Emperor that lived in the middle of the new Dalek city. [PAR] During the Kaled / Thal War [PAR] The Thals and Kaleds were at war with each other, both lived in seperate domes on Skaro. Davros betrayed the Kaleds as they wouldn\u2019t allow him to complete his Daleks. Davros helped the Thals launch a nuclear attack on the Kaled dome wiping out the Kaled race. [PAR] Destroyed Skaro [PAR] A destroyed and presumably abandoned Skaro was shown briefly in Asylum of the Daleks. A Dalek agent had been sent to capture the Doctor and take him to the Parliament of the Daleks spaceship. [PAR] Skaro After the Time War [PAR] In The Magician\u2019s Apprentice Skaro returned with Davros and the Supreme Dalek in command. Daleks from different eras were seen inside the city and hovering/flying outside the buildings."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Who: The King's Demons review, Doctor Who: Planet ... Doctor Who: The King's Demons review, Doctor Who: Planet of Fire review [PAR] Doctor Who: The King's Demons review, Doctor Who: Planet of Fire review [PAR] Peter Davison, Janet Fielding, [PAR] Doctor Who: The King's Demons / Planet of Fire [PAR] Sci-Fi [PAR] ) [PAR] F [PAR] ew long-running TV series manage to keep moving forward without the occasional bad idea \u2013 the kind where viewers collectively scratch their heads, and in unison sigh, \u201cWhat were they thinking?\u201d Given how long \u201cDoctor Who\u201d has been on the air in its various incarnations, it\u2019s probably had more than its fair share of half-baked notions. If one were to make a list of such grievances, it seems likely that the Fifth Doctor\u2019s robot companion Kamelion would land comfortably in the Top Five. Apparently, producer John Nathan-Turner wanted a new metallic emblem for the show, as K-9 had been gone for several years, and he\u2019d recently gotten a glimpse of an actual working, moving robot, so naturally he wanted one for the series. [PAR] Since this was in 1984 \u2013 and here in 2010 robots are still fairly hard to come by \u2013 you can imagine that the results were somewhat less than spectacular. Not only did Kamelion look cheap, but the robot itself functioned so poorly that even though the character was a TARDIS crewmember for seven stories, we only ever saw him in two, \u201cThe King\u2019s Demons\u201d and \u201cPlanet of Fire.\u201d Presumably, in the interim tales, he putters around the TARDIS, left to his own devices (curiously, nobody seemed worried about his fate in \u201cFrontios,\u201d the story in which the TARDIS was temporarily destroyed). [PAR] Having just defeated the Black Guardian in \u201c Enlightenment ,\u201d the TARDIS has landed in England in the year 1215. And what an entrance it is \u2013 the blue police box materializing in the middle of a jousting match! The crew discovers that they\u2019re at the castle of Sir Ranulf Fitzwilliam (Frank Windsor), who just so happens to have King John (Gerald Flood) over for company. The King immediately proclaims the Doctor (Peter Davison), Tegan (Janet Fielding), and Turlough (Mark Strickson) his benevolent demons. Lurking on the sidelines is the Frenchman and King\u2019s Champion Sir Gilles Estram, who is actually the Master (Anthony Ainley) in easily his worst disguise ever. His plan is to prevent King John from signing the Magna Carta, the famed English document which places limits on the King\u2019s power, and he has a useful robotic tool aiding him in his scheme. [PAR] No matter what you\u2019ve heard, \u201cThe King\u2019s Demons\u201d is not a terrible story. Of course, it isn\u2019t very good, either. Mostly it\u2019s an utterly forgettable one. It\u2019s a two-parter, which of course means it\u2019s practically over before it\u2019s begun. The previous season offered up \u201c Black Orchid ,\u201d a far more successful two-part historical by the same writer, Terence Dudley, but \u201cOrchid\u201d had an actual beginning, middle and end. What\u2019s lacking here is any kind of compelling finish, as the story just rather abruptly comes to a close. I would argue that \u201cThe King\u2019s Demons\u201d probably could have been a fairly engaging four-parter, of course it would have needed far more story to make that happen, which could have been accomplished any number of ways, not least by explaining exactly why the Master wants to disrupt the Magna Carta signing, as here we never find out. [PAR] It also doesn\u2019t help matters that for the entirety of the first episode, Sir Gilles is just so clearly, obviously the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 11 Actors Who Have Played The Doctor | Mental Floss 11 Actors Who Have Played The Doctor | Mental Floss [PAR] 11 Actors Who Have Played The Doctor [PAR] Image credit: [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] There have been many actors who have portrayed the Doctor in various settings, but eleven have been the official Doctors. We'll look at all of them here. [PAR] 1. William Hartnell [PAR] Veteran character actor William Hartnell was born in 1908 to humble beginnings; his mother was unwed, he never knew his father, and his first career move was into petty crime. A boxing instructor got him started on horse racing, but he found his real passion when he got a job as a stagehand at the age of 18. He quickly got into acting, working constantly with only a break to serve in World War II in an armored regiment. He ended up typecast in comic tough-guy roles (you can see one of them in The Mouse That Roared), and when Verity Lambert offered him the part of a mysterious time traveler in an educational show aimed at children, he jumped at the part. He created a character who was highly intelligent but not always as wise as he thought himself, brilliant but forgetful, cantankerous but with a deep compassion under the surface. He enjoyed the role tremendously, but by 1966, his health was deteriorating due to arteriosclerosis and he had to quit. The producers came up with the idea of having his character transform into a new actor, and Hartnell suggested Patrick Troughton, who was approached and accepted the part. Hartnell reprised his role once more for the tenth anniversary special, \"The Three Doctors,\" but his health had deteriorated more than the production crew realized and his part had to be rewritten to accommodate his capabilities; it was his final work as an actor, and he passed away in 1974 at the age of 67. [PAR] 2. Patrick Troughton [PAR] Born in 1920, Patrick Troughton went directly into an acting career and was undergoing formal training in New York City when World War II broke out. He returned to England and joined the Navy, where he had a decorated career before returning to the theater, gaining a reputation as a reliable and versatile character actor. In 1953, he became the first person to play Robin Hood on television and found a succession of television, film, and radio roles afterward before Innes Lloyd, the new producer of Doctor Who, approached him in 1966 about succeeding William Hartnell in the title role. He ended up playing the role as what series creator Sydney Newman called a \"cosmic hobo,\" inspired partly by silent film star Charlie Chaplin \u2014 brilliant, a bit egotistical, and also a bit of a comedian. He'd sometimes play the recorder, a significant change from the First Doctor, who had no apparent musical talent, and it was during this era that the sonic screwdriver was first seen. After three years, he decided to move on, although he returned three more times to reprise the role, in \"The Three Doctors,\" \"The Five Doctors,\" and \"The Two Doctors.\" He returned to his work as a character actor after his time on Doctor Who, working hard despite doctors' advice due to major heart problems. In 1987, he defied doctor's orders to stay in the country and recuperate and went on one more convention tour. He died on March 27, 1987, in Columbus, Georgia. (I actually saw him once, and got his autograph, earlier in the same U.S. tour. He seemed in good"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Tennant - Tardis - Wikia David Tennant | Tardis | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 11:48 [PAR] David Tennant on Doctor Who exit - BBC One [PAR] David Tennant (born David John McDonald on 18 April 1971 [1] [2] ), is a Scottish actor and voice actor who portrayed the Tenth Doctor from 2005-2010, taking over the role of the Doctor from Christopher Eccleston at the conclusion of The Parting of the Ways . His final regular appearance in the role in The End of Time , a special two-part story that concluded on New Year's Day 2010, after which Matt Smith took over the role of the Doctor. [PAR] Prior to playing the Doctor, Tennant also portrayed several characters in various Big Finish Audio Adventures. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] David grew up in Ralston, Renfrewshire, where his father was the local minister, and later Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . At the age of three, David told his parents that he wanted to become an actor, largely because of his early enjoyment of Doctor Who . Although such an aspiration might have been common for a Scottish child of the 1970s, Tennant says he was \"absurdly single-minded\" in pursuing his goal. He adopted the professional name \"Tennant\" \u2014 inspired by Neil Tennant, the lead singer of the Pet Shop Boys \u2014 because the actors' union Equity already had a David McDonald on their books. [PAR] Moving to London in the early 1990s, Tennant lodged with comic actress and writer Arabella Weir , with whom he became close friends and later godfather to one of her children. He appeared as a guest in her spoof television series Posh Nosh. Tennant began his career in the British theatre, frequently performing with the Royal Shakespeare Company for which he specialised in comic roles such as Touchstone in As You Like It, Antipholus of Syracuse in The Comedy of Errors and Captain Jack Absolute in The Rivals, although he also played the tragic role of Romeo in Romeo and Juliet. [PAR] He has appeared in several high-profile dramas for the BBC, including Takin' Over the Asylum, (1994) a six part BBC Scotland serial in which he played a manic depressive named Campbell, He Knew He Was Right (2004), Blackpool (2004), Casanova (2005) and The Quatermass Experiment (2005). In film, he has appeared in Stephen Fry 's Bright Young Things, and as Barty Crouch Jr in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, alongside Roger Lloyd Pack who played John Lumic in Rise of the Cybermen and The Age of Steel , and Michael Gambon . One of his earliest big screen roles was in Jude (1996), in which he shared a scene with his Doctor Who predecessor Christopher Eccleston , playing a drunken undergraduate who challenges Eccleston's Jude to prove his intellect. [PAR] Initial Doctor Who roles [PAR] Edit [PAR] He has lent his voice to several supporting characters in Big Finish audio plays based on the 1963 version of Doctor Who. He was also a minor participant to the first \"official\" Ninth Doctor story, the BBC animated webcast Scream of the Shalka . Not originally cast in the production, Tennant happened to be recording a radio play in a neighbouring studio and, when he discovered what was being recorded next door, managed to convince the director to give him a small role. [3] He also played the title role in Big Finish's adaptation of Bryan Talbot's The Adventures of Luther Arkwright (2005). [PAR] Playing the Doctor [PAR] Edit [PAR] Tennant's name was suggested"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lord of the Rings series by J.R.R. Tolkien The Lord of the Rings series by J.R.R. Tolkien [PAR] * The History of Middle-Earth [PAR] The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy trilogy written by English philologist and University of Oxford professor J.R.R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's earlier, less complex children's fantasy novel The Hobbit (1937), but eventually developed into a much larger work which formed the basis for the extended Middle-Earth Universe . It was written in stages between 1937 and 1949, much of it during World War II. It is the See also: [PAR] * The History of Middle-Earth [PAR] The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy trilogy written by English philologist and University of Oxford professor J.R.R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's earlier, less complex children's fantasy novel The Hobbit (1937), but eventually developed into a much larger work which formed the basis for the extended Middle-Earth Universe . It was written in stages between 1937 and 1949, much of it during World War II. It is the third best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. [PAR] Also known as: [PAR] * El Se\u00f1or de los Anillos [PAR] * Der Herr der Ringe[DOC] [TLE] The Lord of the Rings - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia The Lord of the Rings | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Lord of the Rings [PAR] The Lord of the Rings [PAR] 6,117pages on [PAR] [PAR] Cover of the 50th Anniversary One-Volume Edition [PAR] The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien , which waslater fitted as a trilogy. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's earlier fantasy book The Hobbit and soon developed into a much larger story. [PAR] It was written in stages between 1937 and 1949, with much of it being written during World War II. [1] It was originally published in three volumes in 1954 and 1955, [2] and has since been reprinted numerous times and translated into at least 38 different languages, [3] becoming one of the most popular works in twentieth-century literature. [PAR] First edition copies of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings [PAR] The action in The Lord of the Rings is set in what the author conceived to be the lands of the real Earth, inhabited by humanity but placed in a fictional past, before our history but after the fall of his version of Atlantis, which he calls N\u00famenor . [4] Tolkien gave this setting a modern English name, Middle-earth , a rendering of the Old English Middangeard . [5] [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] The main conflict [PAR] The story concerns peoples such as Hobbits , Elves , Men , Dwarves , Wizards , and Orcs (called goblins in The Hobbit), and centers on the Ring of Power made by the Dark Lord Sauron . Starting from quiet beginnings in The Shire , the story ranges across Middle-earth and follows the courses of the War of the Ring . The main story is followed by six appendices that provide a wealth of historical and linguistic background material, [6] as well as an index listing every character, place, song , and sword. [PAR] Along with Tolkien's other writings, The Lord of the Rings has been subjected to extensive analysis of its literary themes and origins. Although a major work in itself, the story is merely the last movement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bilbo Baggins - LEGO Lord of the Rings Wiki - Wikia Bilbo Baggins | LEGO Lord of the Rings Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The son of Bungo Baggins and Belladonna Took, Bilbo Baggins was content to live a quiet life in the Shire, despite a not-often yearning for adventure he inherited from his mother. He behaved as an ordinary Hobbit of the Shire, until he got a visit from Gandalf . Bilbo was invited to join a party of thirteen dwarves, led by Thorin Oakenshield . The goal of the party was to travel to the Lonely Mountain, kill the dragon Smaug, and thus win his massive hoard. Initially, Bilbo was hesitant about the undertaking of such an unlikely venture by a Hobbit, but at last, his hidden spirit of adventure took over, and he decided to go on the journey. On their way to Rivendell, they were almost eaten by Trolls, but luckily, Gandalf tricked them; and the light of dawn turned them to stone. When they came to Rivendell, Elrond allowed them to stay for a while. When they set out again, they crossed the Misty Mountains, yet were captured by Goblins and brought to the Goblin King 's lair . There, they were almost killed, but Gandalf once again saved them. As they were escaping the Goblin lair, Bilbo got separated from the rest of the party, and traveled down a side path into the heart of the mountain. Stooping in the almost total dark, he came upon a golden ring. Then, he ran into Gollum . The two had a riddle match , and Bilbo won. Bilbo, using the golden ring's power to render its wearer invisible, made his way out of the tunnels, and was reunited with the dwarves and Gandalf. On the outskirts of the mountains, they were attacked by Wargs and Orcs. They climbed up trees to escape, and Gandalf used his power to blast flaming fir cones at them. The wargs eventually set the tree on fire, but the company was saved by the Great Eagles. The company went on to Beorn, a friend of Gandalf, and stayed with him for a while. Then, they went on to Mirkwood, but at this point Gandalf left them. Inside Mirkwood, they were attacked by spiders , but Bilbo, using his ring once more, fended them off. Yet they were captured by the Mirkwood elves and imprisoned in their halls. However, they had missed Bilbo, still invisible because of the Ring. The Hobbit freed the dwarves, and stuffed them into barrels, in which they escaped . The party was deposited at Lake-Town, where Thorin was greeted as a king. They went on to the Lonely Mountain and opened a secret door to the inside. Bilbo sneaked in, and still invisible, spoke to Smaug, the dragon. Bilbo discovered that Smaug had a weak spot, and stole a golden goblet from the dragon's hoard. The dragon noticed the piece of treasure was missing, and smashed the mountainside in his wrath. He then went to Lake-town, destroying a great deal of it, but was killed by Bard the Bowsman in the process.The dwarves and Bilbo barricaded the mountain, but they were confronted by Bard and the Elven-king who both demanded a share of the treasure. Thorin stubbornly refused to give them any of it, and called for help from Dain, another Dwarf. Bilbo sneaked out, without the Dwarves' knowledge, and gave Bard the Arkenstone, which Bard could use to help in his bargaining with Thorin. Bilbo also saw that Gandalf had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gollum - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Gollum | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] Gollum referring to the Ring [PAR] Gollum, originally known as Sm\u00e9agol (or Trahald), was at first a Stoor , one of the three early Hobbit-types. The name Gollum was derived from the sound of his disgusting gurgling, choking cough. His birth can be estimated to have happened in the year TA 2430 . His death date is given as March 25 , 3019 . His life was extended far beyond its natural limits by the effects of possessing the One Ring . At the time of his death, Sm\u00e9agol was about 589 years old, a remarkable age for a creature that was once a Hobbit , but he had been deformed and twisted in both body and mind by the corruption of the Ring. His chief desire was to possess the Ring that had enslaved him, and he pursued it for many years after Bilbo Baggins found it while walking in the Misty Mountains in the book The Hobbit. In the movies, he was a deuteragonist-turned-secondary antagonist. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Sm\u00e9agol wanting to take the Ring from D\u00e9agol before killing him [PAR] Sm\u00e9agol in his \"journey\" into becoming Gollum while beginning to possess the Ring [PAR] Once a predecessor of the Stoorish Hobbits , Sm\u00e9agol spent the early years of his life living with his extended family under a Matriarch , his grandmother. Around the year TA 2463 , Sm\u00e9agol became the fourth Bearer of the One Ring, after Sauron , Isildur , and D\u00e9agol . D\u00e9agol was his cousin, and on Sm\u00e9agol's birthday, they went fishing in the Gladden Fields north of the mountains. It was there that D\u00e9agol found a gold ring, after being pulled into the water by a large fish. Almost immediately, Sm\u00e9agol fell to the power of the ring and demanded it as a birthday present. When De\u00e1gol refused, Sm\u00e9agol promptly flew into a barbaric rage and fought with Deagol over the ring, choking him to death and taking the ring as his own. Sm\u00e9agol was quickly corrupted further by the ring and banished by his people; turned by his grandmother out of her hole, he was forced to find a home in a cave in the Misty Mountains in around TA 2470 . The Ring's malignant influence twisted his Hobbit body, as well as his mind, and prolonged his life far beyond its natural limits. He called it his \"Precious\" or his \"Birthday Present,\" the latter as a justification for killing D\u00e9agol. [PAR] Life under the Misty Mountains [PAR] Gollum in The Hobbit [PAR] He lived in the Misty Mountains for over four hundred years, living on raw blind fish (which he caught from his small row boat), bats and Goblins when he could get them. Indeed, he made a song about raw fish, that he uses as a riddle to Bilbo and much later sings to Frodo in a longer version. In later years, he found Hobbit and Elven food repulsive. [PAR] During his centuries under the Ring's influence, he developed a sort of dissociative identity disorder : Sm\u00e9agol, his \"good\" personality, still vaguely remembered things like friendship and love, while Gollum, his \"bad\" personality, was a slave to the Ring and would kill anyone who tried to take it. Years later, Samwise Gamgee would name the good personality \"Slinker\" (for his fawning, eager-to-please demeanor), and the bad personality \"Stinker\". The two personalities often quarreled when he talked to himself (as Tolkien put"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] lord of the rings - How does a Wizard change his colour ... lord of the rings - How does a Wizard change his colour? - Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange [PAR] How does a Wizard change his colour? [PAR] During the LOTR we see Gandalf change from 'Gandalf the Grey' to 'Gandalf the White' and we see 'Saruman the White' change to 'Saruman the Many-coloured'. [PAR] What does this mean and how and why does it happen? [PAR] 14 [PAR] [PAR] Saruman changed his name to \"of many colors\" because he went crazy, it wasn't an actual title. Gandalf became \"white\" to take Saruman's place after he defected. A post he originally declined. \u2013 Gorchestopher H Jul 9 '12 at 14:07 [PAR] 3 [PAR] [PAR] @GorchestopherH The answer box is down a bit further, this was in the comment box :P \u2013 NominSim Jul 9 '12 at 14:19 [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] Thanks. Sometimes I'm not sure if my answer will be appreciated as an answer. \u2013 Gorchestopher H Jul 9 '12 at 14:30 [PAR] 4 [PAR] [PAR] @GorchestopherH it was fine as an answer. I added to yours because you answered most of it, I just added some more detail. It was a fine answer though \u2013 The Fallen Jul 9 '12 at 15:05 [PAR] 3 [PAR] [PAR] From what I can tell, it takes bleach and a Balrog. \u2013 Jeff Jan 31 '13 at 15:00 [PAR] Gandalf and Saruman discuss Saruman's change in the Fellowship of the Ring: [PAR] \"I am Saruman the Wise, Saruman Ring-maker, Saruman of Many Colours!\" [PAR] 'I looked then and saw that his robes, which had seemed white, were not so, but were woven of all colours. and if he moved they shimmered and changed hue so that the eye was bewildered. [PAR] ' \"I liked white better,\" I said. [PAR] ' \"White! \" he sneered. \"It serves as a beginning. White cloth may be dyed. The white page can be overwritten; and the white light can be broken.\" [PAR] ' \"In which case it is no longer white,\" said I. \"And he that breaks a thing to find out what it is has left the path of wisdom.\" [PAR] Saruman views white, as a colour, to not be sufficiently demonstrative of his now-revealed power - he considers his Ring making, Uruk-hai creation and army raising to be the work of someone \"more\" than a mere servant of the Valar, as Saruman the White was once. Gandalf reflects on that in his last comment - \"he that breaks a thing to find out what it is has left the path of wisdom\". [PAR] Gandalf, on the other hand, embraced his change in colour to white: [PAR] 'Yes, I am white now,' said Gandalf. 'Indeed I am Saruman, one might almost say, Saruman as he should have been. (The Two Towers) [PAR] He has died and been sent back by Eru to finish his task. Since Saruman has passed off the path of the Istari, Gandalf is sent back with greater powers and a change in colour to reflect that. He now, in effect has similar powers to, if not greater than, Saruman: [PAR] both his wisdom and power are much greater. When he speaks he commands attention; the old Gandalf could not have dealt so with Theoden, nor with Saruman. (Letter 156) [PAR] Gandalf's change of colour is essentially to signify his position as the Saruman that should have been, with Saruman's fall. [PAR] So as to \"how\" a Wizard changes his colour, it could be self-declared as per"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ents - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Ents | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"We must not be hasty.\" [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] Treebeard in The Two Towers [PAR] Ents, also known as Onodrim (Tree-host) by the Elves , are a very old race that appeared in Middle Earth at the same time that the elves did. They were apparently created at the behest of Yavanna after she learned of Aul\u00eb 's children, the dwarves , knowing that they would want to fell trees. [PAR] Ents were envisioned as Shepherds of the Huorns , to protect the forests from orcs and other perils. The elves had tales of teaching the trees and the Ents to talk: although the Ents were sentient beings at the time, they did not know how to speak until the elves taught them. Treebeard spoke of the elves \"curing the Ents of their dumbness\", that it was a great gift that could not be forgotten (\"always wanted to talk to everything, the old Elves did\"). [PAR] Ents are tree-like creatures, having become more and more like the trees that they herded. They vary in traits, from everything to height and size, colouring, and the number of fingers and toes. An individual Ent more or less resembles the specific species of tree that they typically guard. For example, Quickbeam guarded huorns that resembled rowans, and thus looked very much like those huorns (tall and slender, etc.). Ents are very strong, as recounted by Merry and Pippin : \"their punches can crumple iron like tinfoil, and they can tear apart solid rock like breadcrusts.\" In the Third Age of Middle-earth , the forest of Fangorn was apparently the only place ents still inhabited, although the huorns may still have survived elsewhere, as in the Old Forest. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] A group of Ents with Treebeard, the eldest Ent, in the center. From Peter Jackson's The Two Towers [PAR] Almost nothing is known of the early history of the Ents \u2014 they apparently lived in and protected the large forests of Middle-earth in previous ages, and they briefly appear near the end of the First Age , attacking a band of Dwarves , apparently summoned by Beren and L\u00fathien . Treebeard told of a time when apparently all of Eriador was one huge forest and part of his domain, but these immense forests were cut by the N\u00famen\u00f3reans of the Second Age, or destroyed in the calamitous War of the Elves and Sauron of the 17th century of the Second Age. Treebeard's statement is also supported by remarks Elrond the half-elf made at the Council of Elrond. Elrond said that \"Time was once when a squirrel could carry a nut from tree to tree from Rivendell to the Great Sea...\", further indicating that all of Eriador was once a single vast primeval forest, of which Fangorn Forest was just \"the eastern end of it\" according to Treebeard. [PAR] Treebeard boasted to Merry and Pippin about the strength of the Ents. He said that they were much more powerful than trolls , which Morgoth (in the Elder Days or First Age) supposedly made as imitations of the Ents, but did not come near to their power. He compares this with how orcs were Morgoth's imitation of elves. There used to be entwives (literally \"ent-women\"), but they started to move farther away from the Ents because they liked to plant and control things, so they moved away to the region that would later become the Brown"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The British female hanged 1868 - Capital Punishment UK ... The British female hanged 1868 - 1955 [PAR] by Robert Anderson (Evans) on [PAR] Monday, the 12th of January, 1874 [PAR] . [PAR] Thirty one year old Mary Ann Barry was executed alongside her partner in crime, 32 year old Edwin Bailey, for the poisoning murder of his illegitimate one year old child, Sarah, whom they considered a nuisance. With them on the gallows, set up in the quadrangle of Gloucester Gaol, was Edward Butt, who had shot his girlfriend. Mary became the last woman in [PAR] England [PAR] to suffer short drop hanging and reportedly struggled for some three minutes on the rope and had to be forced down into the pit by [PAR] Anderson [PAR] .\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The two men became still almost immediately. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Berry, Elizabeth hanged by James Berry at Walton prison [PAR] Liverpool [PAR] on [PAR] Monday, the 14th of March, 1887 [PAR] . Thirty one year old Elizabeth Berry poisoned her 11 year old daughter for \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd10 life insurance. It was an unusual coincidence that the executioner and the criminal had the same surname and had also actually met previously when they danced together at a police ball. [PAR] Biggadyke, Priscilla, was hanged at [PAR] 9.00 a.m. [PAR] Monday, the 28th of December, 1868 [PAR] , at [PAR] Lincoln [PAR] by Thomas Askern for poisoning her husband with arsenic. It was alleged that she killed him because he discovered she was having an affair with one of their lodgers. Thirty five year old Priscilla was the first woman to be executed in private in [PAR] Britain [PAR] . She ascended the steps to the platform where she said \"Surely all my troubles are over\" and \"Shame on you, you are not going to hang me.\" But Askern did, in his usual clumsy way and she reportedly died hard. [PAR] Britland, Mary Ann was executed by James Berry at Strangeways on [PAR] Monday, the 9th of August, 1886 [PAR] , becoming the first woman to be hanged there. [PAR] Thirty eight year old Mary Ann Britland was convicted of poisoning Mary Dixon, with whose husband she had been having an affair. She had also previously poisoned her own husband, Thomas and daughter, Elizabeth. [PAR] Bryant, Charlotte , hanged by Tom Pierrepoint at [PAR] Exeter [PAR] the 15th of July 1936 [PAR] . [PAR] Charlotte Bryant (33) was convicted of poisoning her husband with arsenic. [PAR] She was having an affair with their lodger and it seemed a simple way to remove her husband from the scene. Whilst awaiting execution, her previously black hair turned completely white. [PAR] Calvert, Louie , hanged by Tom Pierrepoint at Strangeways prison [PAR] Manchester [PAR] Thursday, the 24th of June, 1926 [PAR] . [PAR] Louie Calvert, also 33, had criminal tendencies and was known to the police. [PAR] She battered and strangled her landlady, Mrs. Lily Waterhouse, who had confronted her over things that had gone missing from the house and had reported Louie to the police. [PAR] In the condemned cell, she also admitted to the murder of a previous employer - John Frobisher - in 1922. She was the first woman to be hanged at Stangeways since Mary Ann Britland in 1886. [PAR] Tuesday, the 6th of March, 1900 [PAR] . [PAR] Twenty four year old Ada Chard-Williams was convicted of drowning a small child whom she had \"adopted\" for a few pounds. She was suspected of killing other children and was another \"baby farmer.\"\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd She was the last woman to hang at Newgate, subsequent female"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Murderer Donald Neilson, the 'Black Panther', dies - BBC News Murderer Donald Neilson, the 'Black Panther', dies - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Murderer Donald Neilson, the 'Black Panther', dies [PAR] 19 December 2011 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption The rejection of an appeal in 2008 meant Neilson was never released [PAR] Donald Neilson, the multiple murderer known as the Black Panther, has died, the Ministry of Justice has said. [PAR] The 75-year-old died on Sunday after being taken from Norwich Prison to hospital with breathing difficulties. [PAR] Neilson, from Bradford, was convicted of four murders, including that of 17-year-old Lesley Whittle, kidnapped from her Shropshire home in 1975. [PAR] Three years ago he lost an appeal to have his life sentence, imposed in 1976, reduced to 30 years. [PAR] A Prison Service spokesman said Neilson was taken to hospital in the early hours of Saturday after suffering breathing difficulties and was pronounced dead at 18:45 GMT on Sunday. [PAR] \"As with all deaths in custody, the independent Prisons and Probation Ombudsman will conduct an investigation,\" he said. [PAR] Neilson murdered 17-year-old heiress Lesley Whittle in 1975, having shot dead three sub-postmasters during armed robberies between February and November 1974. [PAR] The earlier victims had been: Donald Skepper, shot dead in Harrogate, North Yorkshire; Derek Astin, in Higher Baxenden, Lancashire; and Sidney Grayland, in Langley, West Midlands. [PAR] 'Horrific ordeal' [PAR] Also responsible for about 400 burglaries during a 10-year criminal career, the killer was dubbed \"The Black Panther\" as a result of witness descriptions of his dark clothing and powerful physique. [PAR] Neilson, who had been a builder, kidnapped Miss Whittle from her home in Shropshire and left a ransom demand for \u00a350,000. [PAR] The teenager's body was later found hanging in an underground drainage system, where Neilson had secured her by the neck with wire. [PAR] In 2008, High Court judge Mr Justice Teare ruled the killer must never be released from prison, saying: \"This is a case where the gravity of the applicant's offences justifies a whole life order.\" [PAR] The judge said the three murders of sub-postmasters \"involved a substantial degree of premeditation\" because Neilson took a loaded firearm with him which he was prepared to use. [PAR] Mr Justice Teare added: \"The manner in which the young girl was killed demonstrates that it too involved a substantial degree of premeditation or planning. It also involved the abduction of the young girl.\" [PAR] The location and manner of Lesley Whittle's death \"indicates that she must have been subjected by the applicant to a dreadful and horrific ordeal\", he said.[DOC] [TLE] 'The Black Panther': Profile of killer Donald Neilson ... 'The Black Panther': Profile of killer Donald Neilson - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] 'The Black Panther': Profile of killer Donald Neilson [PAR] By Chris Summers BBC News [PAR] 19 December 2011 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption He was caught after being seen acting suspiciously at a Mansfield post office [PAR] Multiple murderer Donald Neilson, who has died in custody at the age of 75, was known as The Black Panther. But who was he and why was he considered so dangerous? [PAR] Neilson was born Donald Nappey in August 1936 and his surname made him the target for bullies both at school and during his National Service in Kenya, Aden and Cyprus. [PAR] But he relished army life and picked up an interest in guns, which he would maintain throughout his life. [PAR] However, his fiancee Irene, whom he married in 1955, persuaded him not to pursue a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 of America's most notorious serial killers - USA TODAY 10 of America's most notorious serial killers [PAR] FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest [PAR] 10 of America's most notorious serial killers [PAR] Juan Corona was convicted of the 1971 murders of 25 itinerant laborers in California, whose bodies were found in shallow graves in fruit orchards in Sutter County, Calif. He was sentenced to life in prison. He supplied workers to ranchers as a labor contractor and maintained a bunkhouse for the laborers. [PAR] Post to Facebook [PAR] 10 of America's most notorious serial killers Juan Corona was convicted of the 1971 murders of 25 itinerant laborers in California, whose bodies were found in shallow graves in fruit orchards in Sutter County, Calif. He was sentenced to life in prison. He supplied workers to ranchers as a labor contractor and maintained a bunkhouse for the laborers. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1wh82E0 [PAR] CancelSend [PAR] A link has been sent to your friend's email address. [PAR] Posted! [PAR] A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. [PAR] Join the Nation's Conversation [PAR] To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs [PAR] 10 of America's most notorious serial killers [PAR] None [PAR] Juan Corona was convicted of the 1971 murders of 25 itinerant laborers in California, whose bodies were found in shallow graves in fruit orchards in Sutter County, Calif. He was sentenced to life in prison. He supplied workers to ranchers as a labor contractor and maintained a bunkhouse for the laborers. [PAR] AP [PAR] None [PAR] Aileen Wuornos was convicted of killing six men and executed in 2002 in Florida. She had been supporting herself as a prostitute and said she had acted in self defense. [PAR] Peter Cosgrove, AP [PAR] None [PAR] File - In this undated file photo, Robert Hansen leaves court in Anchorage, Alaska. Hansen, a convicted Alaska serial killer who hunted down women in the Alaska wilderness in the 1970s as Anchorage boomed with construction of the trans-Alaska oil pipeline, died Thursday, Aug. 21, 2014. He was 75. [PAR] AP/ The Anchorage Daily News [PAR] None [PAR] Jeffrey Dahmer, also known as the \"Milwaukee Cannibal,'' was convicted of sexually assaulting, killing, dismembering and eating some of his victims and preserving body parts. He was convicted of 15 murders and sentenced to life in prison in 1992. He was convicted of an additional murder in Ohio. Dahmer died in prison in 1994, beaten to death by another inmate. [PAR] Mark Elias, AP [PAR] None [PAR] Wayne Williams was blamed for a string of Atlanta child murders in 1979-1981. He was convicted in 1982 of killing two men and sentenced to life in prison. Atlanta police later said he was responsible for at least 23 of 29 child murders in the city, but he was not charged and maintains innocence. [PAR] AP [PAR] None [PAR] David Berkowitz, \"Son of Sam'' killer, terrorized New York City in 1976 and 1977 when he killed six victims and wounded seven others using a .44 caliber revolver. He was the object of a massive manhunt and left brazen letters taunting police and promising more slayings, describing himself as \"Son of Sam.'' He is serving life in prison. [PAR] AP [PAR] None [PAR] Dennis Rader was known as the BTK serial killer responsible for the deaths of 10 people in the Wichita area between 1974 and 1991. He signed notes with the letters BTK, which stood for \"bind, torture, kill.'' He was convicted in 2005 and sentenced to life in prison. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beverly Allitt on Pinterest | Serial Killers, The Angel ... 1000+ images about Beverly Allitt on Pinterest | Registered nurses, English and Angel of death [PAR] Forward [PAR] Children were the targets of nurse Beverly Allitt\u2019s heinous acts, which included injecting potassium chloride into their bodies, in order to cause cardiac arrest. In a two week period, she attacked 13 children in her ward, killing 4. Psychiatrists concluded that Allit had Munchausen\u2019s Syndrome by Proxy, which caused her to hurt & kill children in order to get attention from others. Allit is serving 13 life sentences at Rampton Maximum Security Hospital, where the criminally insane are\u2026 [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Rillington Place (1971) - IMDb 10 Rillington Place (1971) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Based on the real-life case of the British serial killer John Christie, and what happened to his neighbours Tim and Beryl Evans. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 08 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 03 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 24 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: 10 Rillington Place (1971) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Rillington Place (TV Mini-Series 2016) [PAR] Crime [PAR] A three-part drama about serial killer John Christie and the murders at 10 Rillington Place in the 1940s and early 1950s. [PAR] Stars: Jodie Comer, Tim Roth, Nico Mirallegro [PAR] A series of brutal murders in Boston sparks a seemingly endless and increasingly complex manhunt. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] A young blind woman is pursued by a maniac while staying with family in their country manor. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] An idealistic rookie cop joins the LAPD to make ends meet while finishing law school, and is indoctrinated by a seasoned veteran. As time goes on, he loses his ambitions and family as police work becomes his entire life. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] London, 1949. John Christie is an unassuming, middle-aged man who, along with his wife Ethel, lives in the ground-floor flat at 10 Rillington Place. His demeanor masks the fact of being a serial killer. His modus operandi is to act as a person with a medical background, lure unsuspecting women to his apartment on the pretense of curing them of some ailment, knock them unconscious with carbon monoxide gas, gain his sexual release through contact with the unconscious body, then strangle the victim dead before disposing of the body somewhere in the house or outside area. His next intended target is Beryl Evans, a young woman who has just moved into the top flat in the house. Beryl's husband, Tim Evans, is an illiterate man who likes to put on airs. Already with an infant daughter named Geraldine, the Evanses learn they are going to have another baby, which they cannot afford to have, nor can they afford to abort the pregnancy. This problem, on top of the constant issue of lack of money ... Written by Huggo [PAR] The true story of John Christie - the serial killer. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 29 January 1971 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] 10 Rillington place See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The movie's closing epilogue states: \"Christie confessed his crimes and was hanged at Pentonville Prison. Twelve years later Timothy John Evans was pardoned, his body exhumed and reburied in consecrated ground\". See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The caption '1949'"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alias - BLM Alias [PAR] Alias [PAR] > > > > The History Mystery Examiner Online > The Mystery of Butch and Sundance > Alias [PAR] Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, The Tall Texan, Doc Holliday, Cattle Kate Watson, Calamity Jane. The history of the west is full of men and women with some very colorful names. Some were vicious outlaws, some were lawmen, and others were simply colorful characters. Most of these names were a nickname or alias used to hide their true identity. [PAR] Learn about the people behind some of the old west's best names in our alias quiz on the games page. [PAR] \"Wild Bill\" Hickok-- Was a Sheriff, a Cavalry Scout, an army spy, and a performer in several Wild West shows. Hickok's real name was James. One story claims Hickok received his nickname when he stopped an unruly mob from hanging a young boy and women shouted out \"good for you Wild Bill\". \"Wild Bill\" Hickok was shot in the back while he played cards in the Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. [PAR] \"Flat Nose\" George Curry- Like many outlaws \"Flat Nose\" George Curry began his outlaw ways as a simple cattle thief. Then he moved on to robbing banks and trains. He even rode with the Wild Bunch for several years. George got his nickname after a horse kicked him in the nose. Like most outlaws \"Flat Nose\" George Curry was tracked down and killed by a posse. They shot him and dumped his body in an unmarked grave near Thompson, Utah. [PAR] Butch Cassidy-Butch Cassidy was born Robert Leroy Parker in 1866. As a teenager Parker met the outlaw Mike Cassidy and took his last name. Later he worked for a short time as a butcher in Wyoming. The infamous Butch Cassidy was born. When you are a criminal as well known as Butch Cassidy it is necessary to use a false name to hide your identity. Butch had many including George Cassidy and Lowe Maxwell. [PAR] Cattle Kate Watson-Her real name was Ella and she grew up in Kansas. But Cattle Kate Watson became famous for her cattle rustling ways in Johnson County Wyoming. Kate and James Averill were accused of stealing stray calves from the open range, branding them, and quickly selling them. Soon the large cattle ranchers tired of the thieving ways of Watson and Averill. They decided to take the law into their own hands. Kate and James Averill were taken from their homes at gunpoint and hung from a dead Cottonwood Tree. This incident marked the beginning of the Johnson County War, a long and bloody fight for control of the Wyoming cattle business."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Betty Driver - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Betty Driver | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Elizabeth Mary \"Betty\" Driver ( 20th May 1920 - 15th October 2011 ) was an actress and singer most famous for her long-running Coronation Street role as Rovers Return Inn barmaid Betty Williams (previously Turpin), a role she played from 1969 to 2011 . After a career in the 1930s and 1940s as a big band singer, Betty went into acting, and in 1964 she auditioned for the part of Hilda Ogden on the Street, but was rejected because the casting directors wanted an actress who weighed less. In 1965 she gained a role in the Street spin-off sitcom Pardon the Expression , where she suffered a back injury after the script required her to throw Arthur Lowe . [PAR] Betty retired from showbusiness in November 1967 to run a pub - firstly Cock Hotel at Whaley Bridge and later the Devonshire Arms in Mellor where H.V. Kershaw tracked her down in 1969 and persuaded her to return to acting in the role of Betty Turpin. Betty was awarded the MBE in 1999 . Betty was also awarded the \"Lifetime Achievement Award\" at the British Soap Awards in 2010 . [PAR] Betty was rushed to hospital on 11th May 2011 suffering from pneumonia. Her character's final scenes aired in Episode 7610 on 27th May . The actress passed away several months later on 15th October . Her funeral was held at St Ann's Church, Manchester on Saturday 22nd October when Helen Worth and Bill Kenwright gave addresses and many of the cast, past and present, attended. The character she had played for 42 years was written out of the programme in April 2012 , after dying off-screen of natural causes. A portrait of her was placed on the wall of the Rovers Return set, allowing the memory of both she and the character to remain a constant presence."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Saint - Retro TV The Saint - Retro TV [PAR] Sales & Advertising [PAR] The Saint starred Roger Moore as Simon Templar. The fictional detective and thief was created by Leslie Charteris in the 1920s and featured in many novels and novellas over the years. Moore drove a white Volvo P1800 on the show with a license plate reading \"ST1\". Moore's portrayal of Templar was considered a training ground for his later work as James Bond. He was reportedly offered the role of 007 at least twice during the run of the series, but had to turn it down both times owing to his television commitments. In one early episode of the series, a character actually mistakes Templar for Bond. [PAR] Roger Moore had earlier tried to buy the production rights to the Saint books himself and was delighted to be able to play the part. Moore eventually became co-owner of the show with Robert S. Baker when the show moved to colour and the production credit became Bamore Productions. Most of the wardrobe Moore wore in the series was his own. [PAR] Although Moore had a few recurring co-stars, most notably Ivor Dean, who took over the role of Templar's nemesis/reluctant ally, Inspector Teal, he was the only actor to feature for the entire run of the show. This was in keeping with the later format of the Charteris novels, wherein the Saint usually worked alone. In early books, however, Templar had a team of compatriots, as well as a regular girlfriend, but these characters do not appear in the programme. Inspector Teal had been previously played by Norman Pitt and Wensley Pithey. From the episode \"Iris\" (7 Nov 1963), Ivor Dean took over. He had previously starred as a bad guy in the series, in the \"Hollywood\" episode. [PAR] The Saint began as a straightforward mystery series, but over the years adopted more secret agent and fantasy-style plots. It also made a well-publicised switch from black-and-white to colour production midway through its run. The early episodes are distinguished by Moore breaking the fourth wall and speaking to the audience in character at the start of every episode. With the switch to colour, this was replaced by simple narration. Invariably, the pre-credits sequence ended with someone referring to the Saint as \"the famous Simon Templar\", at which point an animated halo appeared above Templar's head as the actor usually looked at the camera or directly at the halo. Some episodes such as \"Iris\" broke away from this formula and had Templar address the audience for the entire pre-credits sequence, setting up the story that followed. [PAR] Many episodes were based upon Charteris's stories, although a higher percentage of original scripts appeared as the series progressed (\"Queen's Ransom\" was both the first colour episode and the first episode not to be based on a Charteris work). The novel Vendetta for the Saint, credited to Charteris but written by Harry Harrison, was one of the last Saint stories to be adapted. Some of the later scripts were novelised and published as part of the ongoing series of The Saint novels, such as The Fiction Makers and The People Importers. The first of these books, which gave cover credit to Charteris but were actually written by others, was The Saint on TV, and the series of novelisations continued for several years after the television programme had ended. [PAR] Retro Knows... [PAR] The producers of the movie went to the Jaguar Company to ask for a free car in return for the publicity that would follow a successful television series."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minnie Driver Honors Robin Williams With Sweet Good Will ... Minnie Driver Honors Robin Williams With Sweet Good Will Hunting Story?Watch | E! News [PAR] Share [PAR] Email [PAR] For Minnie Driver, one of the best parts of Good Will Hunting with Robin Williams took place off-screen. [PAR] In an interview on Bravo's Watch What Happens Live that aired on Wednesday, the British actress reminisced about working with the actor, who died on Aug. 11 at age 63 . [PAR] Williams, a standup comedian-turned-TV and movie star, received his first and only Oscar for his role as therapist Dr. Sean Maguire, while Driver garnered an Academy Award nod for her role as Skylar. Cast members Matt Damon , who played Maguire's client and the title character, a troubled genius, and Ben Affleck , who played his friend Chuckie, also received Academy Awards for co-writing the script of Good Will Hunting. [PAR] Host Andy Cohen asked Driver to talk about her best memory from her time filming the 1997 movie in Boston. [PAR] \"Oh, it's sad now,\" she said, recalling watching the filming of a \"beautiful,\" iconic scene in which Williams' character delivers an emotional and powerful monologue about life to Hunting while sitting beside him on a bench at Boston's Public Garden, overlooking a lagoon with swans and swan-decorated boats. [PAR] VIDEO: Robin Williams plays cranky old man in A Merry Friggin' Christmas\u2014watch the trailer [PAR] Then the magic continued. [PAR] \"He did this amazing impromptu stand-up routine to all the people eating their sandwiches on the Common and people coming out of buildings because they heard that he was doing this,\" Driver said. \"At the end of lunch, there were about 300 people.\" [PAR] Boston-area location manager Charlie Harrington, who worked with Williams on Good Will Hunting, recalled in an interview with local NPR station 90.9 WBUR how fans gathered to see the actor after learning he was in town. [PAR] \"There was 100 people or more outside and he posed for pictures with everybody,\" Harrington said. \"Everybody felt like they knew him because he was so approachable on the screen and his live performances.\" [PAR] PHOTOS: Robin Williams' best roles [PAR] Millions of fans, as well as Williams himself, list the bench scene as their favorite part of Good Will Hunting. [PAR] \"Where we shot, and how we shot it\u2026it was just the idea of that kind of beauty and the experiences you have,\" the actor told Boston Magazine in 2013. \"Telling the kid, \u2018If you don't get out and experience life, you're not going to have that stuff, you're not going to have anything. You have to pull your head out of your ass and experience this stuff.'\" [PAR] Lionsgate / Miramax Films [PAR] After Williams' death, scores of fans flocked to Boston's Public Garden as well as to the house featured on Mork and Mindy, the 1970s sitcom that made him famous, to memorialize the actor, leaving flowers and messages ( see photos ). One person wrote on the bench, \"My dad is Peter Pan?,\" quoting a line from another one of William's most popular and most loved films, Hook. [PAR] Williams battled depression, anxiety and Parkinson's disease before he took his own life. He was mourned by a slew of celebrities and is survived by wife Susan Schneider and three adult children, Zak Williams, Zelda Williams and Cody Williams. [PAR] Driver had told E! News days after the actor's death that she was \"utterly shocked\" by his passing, adding that he was \"one of the funniest, best, loveliest people to be around.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From Sergey Zlobin to Sochi - Russia\u2019s route to the F1 grid From Sergey Zlobin to Sochi - Russia\u2019s route to the F1 grid [PAR] From Sergey Zlobin to Sochi - Russia\u2019s route to the F1 grid [PAR] Share [PAR] Recent years have seen a rapid rise in Formula One interest in Russia, with the debut - and growing success - of both teams and drivers from the country. Proof of that interest was realised in Sochi last season with the very first Grand Prix on Russian soil. On the eve of this year\u2019s race, we chart the milestone\u2019s that paved the way\u2026 [PAR] September 2002 - Zlobin first in at Minardi [PAR] Info Close [PAR] Hard to believe, but before little known racer Sergey Zlobin climbed aboard a Minardi PS01 in Fiorano testing in September 2002, no Russian had ever driven an F1 car in anger. Zlobin, now 45 and racing successfully in the World Endurance Series, took part in four further tests with the Italian team, but sadly a deal to make him Russia\u2019s first F1 driver never came off. [PAR] March 2006 - MF1 race into the history books [PAR] Info Close [PAR] After 15 seasons, the Jordan team name disappeared for good in 2006 following a takeover by Russian-born businessman Alex Shnaider and his Midland Group. Christened MF1 Racing in deference to their new owners, the Silverstone-based squad thus became the first Russian-registered F1 team, making their debut in Bahrain with Tiago Montiero and Christijan Albers at the wheel. [PAR] March 2010 - the new Russian premier [PAR] Info Close [PAR] The next wave of Russian F1 interest was sparked by Vitaly Petrov, who in 2010 - some 60 years after the first world championship race - became the first man from his country to start a Grand Prix. Driving for Renault, the GP2 graduate qualified 17th on his Bahrain debut, before making an early exit with suspension issues. [PAR] April 2010 - Vyborg Rocket races into the points [PAR] Info Close [PAR] Four races into his maiden season and Petrov became the first Russian to score F1 points when he came home seventh in China after late passes on Michael Schumacher and Mark Webber. It would be the first of five top-ten finishes for the man dubbed the \u2018Vyborg Rocket\u2019 in a solid rookie campaign. [PAR] May 2010 - Petrov tames Turkey [PAR] Info Close [PAR] Three races after securing his first points, Petrov notched up another milestone as he captured the first (and only) fastest lap of his F1 career at Turkey\u2019s testing Istanbul Park. More than five years later, it remains the only one recorded by a Russian driver. [PAR] October 2010 - Sochi calling [PAR] Info Close [PAR] Hot on the heels of Petrov\u2019s success, a deal was signed between Russian promoters and the Formula One group to stage the country\u2019s first ever Grand Prix. The venue selected? The Black Sea resort of Sochi, host city of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. [PAR] March 2011 - Petrov podium the perfect medicine [PAR] Info Close [PAR] Petrov\u2019s second F1 season got off to a bang as he captured his - and his country\u2019s - first top-three finish with a hugely impressive drive to third place in Australia. With his Renault team still reeling from Robert Kubica\u2019s horrific pre-season rally crash, the result also provided a major morale boost. [PAR] March 2012 - Marussia make their mark\u2026 [PAR] Having acquired a significant stake in Virgin Racing at the tail end of 2010, Russian sportscar manufacturer Marussia fully rebranded the squad for 2012,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Taxi Driver (1976) - IMDb Taxi Driver (1976) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 30 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 16 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 23 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 10 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Taxi Driver \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 4 Oscars. Another 21 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] An emotionally self-destructive boxer's journey through life, as the violence and temper that leads him to the top in the ring destroys his life outside it. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Unscrupulous boxing promoters, violent bookmakers, a Russian gangster,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Popular UK Seventies TV Programmes Popular UK Seventies TV Programmes [PAR] Popular UK Seventies TV Programmes [PAR] UK (BBC) Drama. BBC 1 1978-80; 1983; 1985; 1988-90 [PAR] Based on the celebrated autobiographical novels of James Herriot, [PAR] All Creatures Great and Small [PAR] proved to be an enormous success as a TV series, inspired by a 1974 cinema version featuring Simon Ward, and its 1976 sequel, [PAR] It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet [PAR] starring John Alderton. With Christopher Timothy now pulling on the vet's wellies, the TV adaptation (with its echoes of [PAR] Dr. Findlay's Casebook [PAR] ) took viewers back to the 1930s as Herriot arrives at Skeldale House, home of the veterinary practice in the North Riding town of Darroby (the real-life Askrigg). There he joins senior partner Siegfried Farnon (Robert Hardy), his easy-going brother, Tristan (Peter Davidson), and housekeeper Mrs. Hall (Mary Hignett), helps to build up the practice and deals with all manner of agricultural and domestic animal ailments. If James is not preventing foot and mouth or groping around up a cow's posterior, he is treating the likes of Tricki-Woo, the pampered Pekinese owned by villager Mrs. Pumphrey (Margaretta Scott). James meets and marries Helen Anderson (Carol Drinkwater, later played by Lynda Bellingham) who later bears him a son, Jimmy (Oliver Watson), and a daughter, Rosie (Rebecca Smith). The series \"ends\" after three years when James and Tristan head off to join the war effort (Herriot's original novels had run out). A couple of Christmas specials kept the concept alive during the early 1980s, before public clamor was answered with a new series in 1988. The series ran for three more seasons, plus another Christmas special. The programme's sweeping theme music was composed by Johnny Pearson. Buy this series on DVD at Amazon.com [PAR] UK (BBC) Antiques. BBC 1 1979- [PAR] A Sunday afternoon favourite, [PAR] Antiques Roadshow [PAR] has travelled the length and breadth of the United Kingdom, inviting viewers to drop in and have their family heirlooms valued. Since the first broadcast in 1979, there has been much raiding of attics and basements across the land, in the hope of discovering something of value. Punters have queued up, cherished items in hand, awaiting the verdict of one of the experts, who have all been drawn from leading auction houses and dealerships. Participants have explained how the items came into their family's possession, and the specialists have then provided more background information, explaining where, when and by whom it was probably made, and winding up with a financial valuation. One piece a week has usually proved to be a real find -- a magnificent specimen of furniture, a long-lost work by a distinguished artist, etc. -- much to the delight of both the excited connoisseur and the gasping proprietor. Among the longest-serving experts are David Battie and Hugh Morley-Fletcher (both porcelain), Simon Bull (timepieces), Roy Butler (militaria), and David Collins and Philip Hook (both paintings). Some have become celebrities in their own right -- \"potaholic\" Henry Sandon, his son, John Sandon, furniture specialist John Bly, and ceramics man Eric Knowles, for instance. Hugh Scully hosted the proceedings for many years until his departure in 2000. A young person's special, entitled [PAR] Antiques Roadshow - the Next Generation, [PAR] has been screened occasionally. The main series also inspired a similarly successful American version of the same name, closely following the same format, that airs on the PBS network. [PAR] ARE YOU BEING SERVED? [PAR] UK (BBC) Situation Comedy. BBC 1 1973-9; 1981; 1983; 1985 [PAR] Chock-full of nudge-nudge, wink wink innuendo, this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Casey Jones (TV Series 1957\u2013 ) - IMDb Casey Jones (TV Series 1957\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Television version of the classic train story of Casey Jones, the engineer of the steam-engine powered \"Cannonball Express\". [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 171 titles [PAR] created 19 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 392 titles [PAR] created 11 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 112 titles [PAR] created 23 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 90 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 50 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Casey Jones \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Television version of the classic train story of Casey Jones, the engineer of the steam-engine powered \"Cannonball Express\". [PAR] 8 October 1957 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Casey Jones, der Lokomotivf\u00fchrer See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Mono | Mono (Westrex Recording System) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Casey Jones works for the Midwest & Central Railroad Company. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Often, the movements/speed of the locomotive's drivers and the audible puffs do not sync up, nor do the pulls of the whistle-cord always match the audible whistle-toots. See more \u00bb [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] (Australia) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] When I spotted the complete 32 episodes on 4 DVD set of Casey Jones released here in Australia, I jumped on it. One of my fond memories of my early teens back in the late 50's. Always thought Alan Hale Jnr. was perfect in the title role. Possessing one of Hollywood's great smiles, he made you feel good the minute you saw it. Normally a fine character actor in supporting roles, like his Father before him, he proved here he could carry the lead with ease. A big, but handsome man, he went on to even greater fame as the Skipper in Gilligan's Island, but to me, will always be Casey Jones, yes, I suppose it's a kid's show, but that doesn't mean adults can't enjoy the fun too. The DVD's are very good quality considering the episodes are 60 years old now. Just sit back, relax and enjoy the simple fun, quite therapeutic after today's more full on drama, the Cannonball Express will carry you away to a more enjoyable time! [PAR] 0 of 0 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maxilla Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body Maps Maxilla Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Maxilla [PAR] The maxilla forms the upper jaw by fusing together two irregularly-shaped bones along the median palatine suture, located at the midline of the roof of the mouth. The maxillary bones on each side join in the middle at the intermaxillary suture, a fused line that is created by the union of the right and left \u2018halves\u2019 of the maxilla bone, thus running down the middle of the upper jaw. The bones help to form the upper jaw, sub-segments of the eye sockets, and the lower sections and sides of the nasal cavity. Additionally, they reduce the heaviness of the skull, help support the back teeth, and help to allow the voice to resonate. [PAR] Each half of the fused bones contains four processes. These include the zygomatic, frontal, palatine, and alveolar processes of the maxilla. They also contain the infraorbital foramen, an opening in the bone just below the eye sockets, and the maxillary sinus, which helps to protect important facial structures during an accidental trauma, like the crumple zone of a car. [PAR] A severe blow to the face can fracture the maxilla, causing the displacement of teeth, loss of feeling in the lips or cheeks, and a retraction of the eyeball. Surgery is required to repair the break, as well as reset the bone and surrounding bones."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] POWER = Work / time - The Physics Classroom Power [PAR] Work, Energy, and Power - Lesson 1 - Basic Terminology and Concepts [PAR] Power [PAR] Mechanical Energy [PAR] Power [PAR] The quantity work has to do with a force causing a displacement. Work has nothing to do with the amount of time that this force acts to cause the displacement. Sometimes, the work is done very quickly and other times the work is done rather slowly. For example, a rock climber takes an abnormally long time to elevate her body up a few meters along the side of a cliff. On the other hand, a trail hiker (who selects the easier path up the mountain) might elevate her body a few meters in a short amount of time. The two people might do the same amount of work, yet the hiker does the work in considerably less time than the rock climber. The quantity that has to do with the rate at which a certain amount of work is done is known as the power. The hiker has a greater power rating than the rock climber. [PAR] Power is the rate at which work is done. It is the work/time ratio. Mathematically, it is computed using the following equation. [PAR] Power = Work / time [PAR] P = W / t [PAR] [PAR] The standard metric unit of power is the Watt. As is implied by the equation for power, a unit of power is equivalent to a unit of work divided by a unit of time. Thus, a Watt is equivalent to a Joule/second. For historical reasons, the horsepower is occasionally used to describe the power delivered by a machine. One horsepower is equivalent to approximately 750 Watts. [PAR] [PAR] Most machines are designed and built to do work on objects. All machines are typically described by a power rating. The power rating indicates the rate at which that machine can do work upon other objects. Thus, the power of a machine is the work/time ratio for that particular [PAR] machine. A car engine is an example of a machine that is given a power rating. The power rating relates to how rapidly the car can accelerate the car. Suppose that a 40-horsepower engine could accelerate the car from 0 mi/hr to 60 mi/hr in 16 seconds. If this were the case, then a car with four times the horsepower could do the same amount of work in one-fourth the time. That is, a 160-horsepower engine could accelerate the same car from 0 mi/hr to 60 mi/hr in 4 seconds. The point is that for the same amount of work, power and time are inversely proportional. The power equation suggests that a more powerful engine can do the same amount of work in less time. [PAR] A person is also a machine that has a power rating. Some people are more power-full than others. That is, some people are capable of doing the same amount of work in less time or more work in the same amount of time. A common physics lab involves quickly climbing a flight of stairs and using mass, height and time information to determine a student's personal power. Despite the diagonal motion along the staircase, it is often assumed that the horizontal motion is constant and all the force from the steps is used to elevate the student upward at a constant speed. Thus, the weight of the student is equal to the force that does the work on the student and the height of the staircase is the upward displacement."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 69 Best British Drama Films Of All Time - Britflicks 69 Must-See British Films [PAR] 69 Must-See British Films [PAR] [PAR] 69 British Films you must see before you die! [PAR] Compiling any film related list is never an exact science and no doubt to some we\u2019ve left out some real stonkers! But as always it\u2019s all about opinions and we\u2019d love to hear yours. If you want to tell us your best British drama films email us at contacts@britflicks.com [PAR] Out of the 69 British drama films the top director with four entries is David Lean and if we had been able to include Dr Zhivago as a British film production he would have had five entries. Runners-up with 3 entries a piece are Ken Loach and the legendry Stanley Kubrick, followed by Steve McQueen, Shane Meadows, Neil Jordan, Mike Leigh, Michael Powell, Lynne Ramsay, Danny Boyle, Carol Reed, Anthony Minghella, John Boorman and Andrea Arnold all with two entries respectively. [PAR] All 69 British drama films add up to a total of 8148 minutes or 5 days, 15 Hours and 47 minutes of footage, giving an average film length of 118 minutes. The longest being Lawrence of Arabia at a whopping 216 minutes, leaving David Lean\u2019s 86 minute romance a real \u2018Brief Encounter\u2019. [PAR] 69) Red Road (2006) dr. Andrea Arnold 113mins Cert 18 [PAR] Jackie (Katie Dickie) works as a CCTV operator in Glasgow. Each day she watches over a small part of the world, protecting the people living their lives under her gaze. One day a man appears on her monitor, whom she thought she would never see again, whom she never wanted to see again. Now that she has no choice, she is compelled to confront him. [PAR] A deeply heartfelt British film that deservedly garnered Arnold the Prix du Jury prize at Cannes, Red Road is a raw but beautifully observed account of tragedy, grief and atonement. [PAR] [PAR] 68) The Flying Scotsman (2006) dr. Douglas Mackinnon 96mins Cert PG [PAR] Based on a remarkable true story, THE FLYING SCOTSMAN is an out-and-out inspirational, against-all-odds, crowd pleasing British film, which follows the turbulent life of cyclist Graeme Obree, who broke the World One Hour record on a bike of his own revolutionary design, constructed out of scrap metal... [PAR] [PAR] Determined to have a normal family life once his mother gets out of prison, a Scottish teenager from a tough background sets out to raise the money for a home. [PAR] [PAR] 66) Ratcatcher (1999) dr. Lynne Ramsay 94mins Cert 15 [PAR] Set in Glasgow during the mid 70s, Ratcatcher is seen through the eyes of twelve-year-old James Gillespie (William Eadie), a young boy haunted by a secret. Feeling increasingly distant from his family, his only escape comes with the discovery of a new housing development on the outskirts of town where he has the freedom to lose himself in his own world. [PAR] [PAR] 65) Tryannosaur (2011) dr. Paddy Considine 92mins Cert 18 [PAR] It follows the story of two lonely, damaged people brought together by circumstance. Joseph (Peter Mullan, WAR HORSE, NEDS) is an unemployed widower, drinker, and a man crippled by his own volatile temperament and furious anger. Hannah (Olivia Colman, HOT FUZZ, PEEP SHOW) is a Christian worker at a charity shop, a respectable woman who appears wholesome and happy. When the pair are brought together, Hannah appears as Joseph\u2019s potential saviour, someone who can temper his fury and offer him warmth, kindness and acceptance.As their story develops Hannah\u2019s own secrets are revealed \u2014 her relationship with husband"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bismarck sunk by Royal Navy - May 27, 1941 - HISTORY.com Bismarck sunk by Royal Navy - May 27, 1941 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 05/27/1941 - Bismarck Sunk [PAR] In This Day in History video clip: On May 27, 1941, the British navy sinks the German battleship Bismarck in the North Atlantic near France. The German death toll was more than 2,000. On February 14, 1939, the 823-foot Bismarck was launched at Hamburg. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] Bismarck sunk by Royal Navy [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Bismarck sunk by Royal Navy [PAR] Author [PAR] Bismarck sunk by Royal Navy [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On May 27, 1941, the British navy sinks the German battleship Bismarck in the North Atlantic near France. The German death toll was more than 2,000. [PAR] On February 14, 1939, the 823-foot Bismarck was launched at Hamburg. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler hoped that the state-of-the-art battleship would herald the rebirth of the German surface battle fleet. However, after the outbreak of war, Britain closely guarded ocean routes from Germany to the Atlantic Ocean, and only U-boats moved freely through the war zone. [PAR] In May 1941, the order was given for the Bismarck to break out into the Atlantic. Once in the safety of the open ocean, the battleship would be almost impossible to track down, all the while wreaking havoc on Allied convoys to Britain. Learning of its movement, Britain sent almost the entire British Home Fleet in pursuit. On May 24, the British battle cruiser Hood and battleship Prince of Wales intercepted it near Iceland. In a ferocious battle, the Hood exploded and sank, and all but three of the 1,421 crewmen were killed. The Bismarck escaped, but because it was leaking fuel it fled for occupied France. On May 26, it was sighted and crippled by British aircraft, and on May 27 three British warships descended on the Bismarck and finished it off. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] May 27, 1941: Sink the Bismarck! | WIRED May 27, 1941: Sink the Bismarck! | WIRED [PAR] May 27, 1941: Sink the [PAR] Bismarck [PAR] ! [PAR] 1941: The German battleship Bismarck, her steering gear knocked out by a torpedo and unable to maneuver, is finally cornered and sunk by ships and planes from the Royal Navy, ending one of the most intensive naval manhunts in history. [PAR] Schlachtschiff Bismarck , pride of the Kriegsmarine, was a state-of-the-art warship in all respects save one: Battleships were already in their twilight as a dominant offensive naval weapon when the Bismarck slid down the ways at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg, although few yet grasped this reality. The advent of carrier-borne aircraft , including dive bombers and torpedo planes, meant that the battleship, despite its bristling array of weaponry, was terribly vulnerable and therefore obsolete. [PAR] The British were no more cognizant of this fact than the Germans were when the Bismarck, accompanied by the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen , weighed anchor in Norway on May 21 for Operation Rhein\u00fcbung , its first sortie against enemy merchant shipping. The British Admiralty, made aware of the Germans\u2019 departure, alerted its squadrons at sea that Bismarck was breaking out into the North Atlantic. [PAR] The hunt was on. The pursuit was one of World War II\u2019s great naval epics, inspiring authors and filmmakers . [PAR] On board the Bismarck, her skipper, Kapit\u00e4n zur See Ernst Lindemann, in consultation with the fleet chief (Flottenchef), Adm. Gunther L\u00fctjens , elected to take his ship and the accompanying Prinz Eugen into the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Springfield's State - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Springfield's State | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] In The Simpsons Movie , Russ Cargill goes to see \"President Schwarzenegger\". Arnold Schwarzenegger was the former governor of California. [PAR] In the episode \" Itchy & Scratchy Land \", The Simpsons family briefly has to stop at a Fruits and Vegetables Checkpoint, causing Homer to panic (as he was apparently smuggling Fruits and Vegetables as a side job). Fruits and Vegetables Checkpoints are a very common place in California. [PAR] In the episode \"C.E. D'oh\", Smithers mentions that Mr. Burns is going to face trouble as the U.S. Government discovered evidence that Mr. Burns dumped nuclear waste into Legoland. The only Legoland that exists in the United States is in California, and most of the attractions seen were from the Legoland section Mini-USA, and it is also unlikely that Mr. Burns would travel a long distance just to dump nuclear waste. [PAR] According to the episode \"The Seven-Beer Snitch\", there's a gas chamber in the Springfield prison. Only five states have a gas chamber as an option for capital punishment in their prisons: California, Arizona, Wyoming, Missouri and Maryland. This coupled with the fact that Springfield is located on an ocean and the sun sets on it seems to leave California as the only possibility. [PAR] Although, in the Simpsons Jumbo Rain-Or-Shine Fun Book, there is a fill-in-the-blank story in which Lisa says, \"There's a car with ____ strapped to its roof!\" to which Marge responds to by saying, \"They must be from California.\" [PAR] Also there is a Waverly Hill which is a parody on Beverly Hill, in California. [PAR] When Skinner drives Willie's car 2653 miles from Springfield to Orlando, if he uses conventional roads, it could put him in California, Oregon or Idaho. [PAR] In \"The Canine Mutiny\", it is implied that medicinal marijuana is legal. At the time (the episode first aired in 1997), only California had legalized marijuana for medical use. [PAR] The town square is based on the plaza in Arcata, California. [PAR] Massachusetts [PAR] In the episode \"'Tis the Fifteenth Season\", Homer buys an electronic astrolabe at Springfield Heights Mall. One of the astrolabe's screens displays what appear to be its current latitude and longitude. These coordinates (42\u00b0 N, 71\u00b0 W) point to Bridgewater, MA. Also there is a Springfield, Massachusetts and a West Springfield, Massachusetts. [PAR] In the episode \"Behind the Laughter\" the Simpsons are explicitly referred to by the narrator as \"this Western Massachusetts family.\" [PAR] Also there was a contest for The Simpsons Movie to find out what the state the Simpsons were located in based on sates with had a town called Springfield, and that state would get to have the premier of The Simpsons Movie. The city that was picked was Springfield Vermont. [PAR] Chelmsford MA is also referenced several times throughout the years. Springsfields' town hall is based on the town hall there and Zesty's Pizza which has been a landmark in the small Mass town for decades appears in the opening credits in a couple of episodes. [PAR] Michigan [PAR] In the episode \" Duffless \", Homer's driver's license shows an address of \"Springfield NT 49007\". ZIP code 49007 belongs to Kalamazoo, Michigan. (\"NT\" is the postal abbreviation for the Northwest Territories of Canada, however.) [PAR] From S4E16 \"Duffless\". Homer's license shows Springfield's state [PAR] In the episode \"3 Men and a Comic Book\", Bart attempts to redeem a bottle deposit. The refund is a dime; only Michigan has a 10-cent deposit on bottles. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dart Players on Pinterest | Darts, Peter Wright and Ontario 1000+ images about Dart Players on Pinterest | Legends, Ontario and Bad puns [PAR] Forward [PAR] John Part is a Canadian professional darts player, who is nicknamed Darth Maple. Part is a three-times World Champion, having triumphed in the BDO World Championship in 1994 and the PDC World Championship in 2003 and 2008. His 2006 Las Vegas Desert Classic title and a host of other tournament wins make him statistically North America's greatest darts player ever [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2002 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners - The Best Movies in ... 2002 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners [PAR] Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002) [PAR] Treasure Planet (2002) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] ADRIEN BRODY in \"The Pianist,\" Nicolas Cage in \"Adaptation.,\" Michael Caine in \"The Quiet American,\" Daniel Day-Lewis in \"Gangs of New York,\" Jack Nicholson in \"About Schmidt\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] NICOLE KIDMAN in \"The Hours,\" Salma Hayek in \"Frida,\" Diane Lane in \"Unfaithful,\" Julianne Moore in \"Far from Heaven,\" Renee Zellweger in \"Chicago\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] CHRIS COOPER in \"Adaptation.,\" Ed Harris in \"The Hours,\" Paul Newman in \"Road to Perdition,\" John C. Reilly in \"Chicago,\" Christopher Walken in \"Catch Me If You Can\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] CATHERINE ZETA-JONES in \"Chicago,\" \"Kathy Bates in \"About Schmidt,\" Julianne Moore in \"The Hours,\" Queen Latifah for \"Chicago,\" Meryl Streep in \"Adaptation.\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] ROMAN POLANSKI for \"The Pianist,\" Rob Marshall for \"Chicago,\" Martin Scorsese for \"Gangs of New York,\" Stephen Daldry for \"The Hours,\" Pedro Almodovar for \"Talk to Her\" [PAR] This was the first year that the Academy Awards ceremony was broadcast in high-definition television. [PAR] All five of the Best Picture nominees were released in the last two weeks of 2002 (December 18 or after). All of them were also set in the past. [PAR] The most-nominated film of this year's Best Picture competitors, Chicago, with thirteen nominations, was also the Best Picture Oscar winner - and the film debut of choreographer and first-time feature director Rob Marshall. Chicago became the first musical to win the top honor since Oliver! (1968) - 34 years earlier. It marked the second-consecutive year that a live-action musical received a Best Picture nomination (last year's nominee was Moulin Rouge (2001)) - after a long spell of non-recognition for the genre - since Fiddler on the Roof (1971) and Cabaret (1972) were nominated back-to-back. [PAR] Chicago won six Oscars from its thirteen nominations, mostly in minor categories: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress (Catherine Zeta-Jones), Best Sound, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, and Best Costume Design. Its seven other nominations included three additional acting nominations (Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Supporting Actor), Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay (Bill Condon), Best Cinematography, and Best Original Song (\"I Move On\"). [PAR] [Chicago tied the record set by Mary Poppins (1964) of 13 nominations for a musical. Chicago's impressive nominations-total tied with seven other films having the same honor: [PAR] All About Eve (1950) and Titanic (1997) each had 14 nominations.] [PAR] Chicago was a musical drama and a screen adaptation of the hit, mid-70s Broadway musical Chicago from John Kander and Fred Ebb, originally directed and choreographed by Bob Fosse, and revived on Broadway in 1996. The sexy musical extravaganza, based on a 1926 play by Chicago Tribune reporter Maurine Dallas Watkins, told a tale of mid-1920s murderous passion involving two cold-blooded, cell-block chorus girls (Renee Zellweger and Catherine Zeta-Jones) who became rivals for tabloid celebrity status and fame. [PAR] The other four Best Picture nominees included: [PAR] Roman Polanski's harrowing, semi-autobiographical, dark WWII non-documentary tale, The Pianist (with seven nominations and three wins including Best Director, Best Actor (Adrien Brody), and Best Adapted Screenplay) - an adaptation of Polish Jew Wladyslaw Szpilman's 1946 Holocaust memoirs, and the Palme d'Or winner at Cannes [PAR] Martin Scorsese's historical epic Gangs of New York (with a total of ten nominations, but with only one acting nominee, and no Oscar wins), about Manhattan gang warfare in the mid-19th century [PAR] the poignant, dramatic, literary triptych from director Stephen Daldry, The Hours (with nine nominations and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newfoundland and Labrador - The Canadian Encyclopedia Newfoundland and Labrador - The Canadian Encyclopedia [PAR] Provinces & Territories [PAR] Newfoundland and Labrador [PAR] Newfoundland, the youngest of the Canadian provinces, joined Confederation in 1949. Some portion of its coast was undoubtedly one of the first parts of the continent seen by Europeans. Its total area is 405, 720 km2, of which Labrador makes up almost three-quarters (294,330 km2). [PAR] Newfoundland, the youngest of the Canadian provinces, joined Confederation in 1949. Some portion of its coast was undoubtedly one of the first parts of the continent seen by Europeans. Its total area is 405, 720 km2, of which Labrador makes up almost three-quarters (294,330 km2). The island of Newfoundland is the easternmost region of Canada, while Labrador is located on the mainland to the northwest. Since John Cabot 's arrival on the \u201cnew isle\u201d the island has been referred to as Terra Nova, or in English, Newfoundland. Labrador probably received its name from the Portuguese designation, \"Terra del Lavradors.\" [PAR] Land and Resources [PAR] The province is physically divided into two major units of unequal area: the much larger mainland territory of Labrador to the north; and the smaller island of Newfoundland to the south. Within each there are distinct variations in the physical characteristics of the environment, in the occurrence and availability of natural resources, and corresponding variations in the pattern of human settlement. [PAR] In Labrador there are three such sub-regions: a northern coastal region, which is ruggedly mountainous, deeply fjorded , grows only ground-level subarctic vegetation and has very little settlement; a southern coastal region that has a rugged, barren foreshore and a forested hinterland, with light to moderate settlement; and the bulk of the vast interior, which comprises a well-forested, dissected plateau, and where settlement is concentrated in a few large towns. [PAR] On the island of Newfoundland there are four distinct regions: the west coast, the interior, the northeast coast and the south coast. The west coast is dominated by the table-topped Long Range Mountains , which rise to 814 m. They are bordered in places by narrow, well-forested coastal plains and are frequently penetrated by glacially-deepened valleys and by several large fjord-like bays, the largest of which are the Bay of Islands and Bonne Bay. [PAR] There is almost continuous settlement in the bays and coves along the west coast. There is also some interior settlement in the Codroy Valley to the south and around Deer Lake , which lies on a small plain within the mountain range. The interior is a plateau-like region with frequent undulations in the terrain representing the ridges and slopes of the watersheds carved out by the major stream systems. Four large rivers \u2014 Exploits , Gander , Humber and Terra Nova \u2014 drain most of the area. [PAR] The west coast supports extensive forest stands, particularly on the gentle slopes of the major watersheds. Settlements are widely separated and most of the population is concentrated in a few large towns associated with forest or mineral resource use and with transportation services. [PAR] The northeast coast, with its numerous bays, islands and headlands, fronts on the Atlantic Ocean from the Great Northern Peninsula to the Avalon Peninsula . Inland sections of this region are generally well forested, but exposed headlands and offshore islands have low, scrubby vegetation. The region has a shoreline typical of land that was submerged by glaciation and, in places, rebounded after the ice caps melted. Thus, there are innumerable bays, coves, islands and fjords which often provide excellent harbours. It is also an area"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spanish Course Beginners - Documents Spanish Course Beginners - Documents [PAR] Documents [PAR] Share Spanish Course Beginners [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"http://docslide.us/embed/spanish-course-beginners.html\" width=\"750\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"http://docslide.us/documents/spanish-course-beginners.html\" title=\"Spanish Course Beginners\" target=\"_blank\">Spanish Course Beginners</a></div> [PAR] size(px) [PAR] Download Spanish Course Beginners [PAR] Transcript [PAR] 7 in tro d u ctio n When the Spanish conquistador Hern\u00e1ndo Cort\u00e9s landed in Mexico he was confronted by a vast and complex Aztec civili- sation in which Nahuatl and Mayan languages predominated. It\u2019s diffi cult to imagine how Cort\u00e9s, with his relatively small band of followers, managed to overthrow one of the most powerful empires of its time. The key to the conquest of Mexico was not brute force but language. As every Mexican knows, it was the indigenous mistress of Cort\u00e9s \u2013 a Mayan girl known as La Malinche \u2013 who facilitated the Spanish conquest by acting as an interpreter between the warring parties. Though reviled by many as a traitor, in recent years she has been reinvented as a symbol of Mexico\u2019s unique hybrid culture. In many ways, the multilingual La Malinche is also the mother of Mexican Spanish, a language that still bears the birthmark of the early interaction between Mexico and Europe. Today Mexican Spanish has evolved from that fi rst significant encounter. Variations in grammar and pronunciation distinguish Mexican Spanish from the Castilian Spanish spoken in Spain. Mexicans do not \u2018lisp\u2019 the letters c and z, as the Spanish do, and the use of the Spanish form vosotros (\u2018you\u2019 plural) is limited to remote areas of the southern state of Chiapas. Perhaps the most obvious distinguishing fea- ture of Mexican Spanish is its colloquial vocabulary at a glance \u2026 language name: Mexican Spanish names in language: espa\u00f1ol, castellano, espa\u00f1ol mexicano language family: Romance approximate number of speakers: 98 million close relatives: Castilian Spanish, Latin American Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese donations to English: tomato, chocolate, avocado, coyote INTRODUCTION introducci\u00f3n \u00a9 Lonely Planet Publications [PAR] in tr o d u ct io n 8 that sets it apart from Castilian Spanish, as well as the forms of Spanish spoken in neighbouring Latin American countries (see Lonely Planet\u2019s Spanish Phrasebook, Costa Rica Spanish Phrasebook and Latin American Spanish Phrasebook). The indigenous languages that fi rst baffl ed Cort\u00e9s have had a considerable impact on Mexican Spanish, especially in words to do with food, fl ora, fauna and place names (including the word M\u00e9xico itself). Nahuatl words, such as avocado and tomato, have even made it into the English language. These days US English is possibly the strongest infl uence on Mexi- can Spanish, particularly in the northern border areas where Mexicans are known to accommodate some English words in everyday conversation. Getting acquainted with Mexican Spanish is easy. In many ways, the pronunciation is similar to English, and visitors soon fall for the beauty of the Mexican accent with its cantering rhythm and plaintive rising and falling. If you\u2019re already familiar with the Spanish spoken in Spain or elsewhere in Latin America you\u2019ll have no problem learning the basic diff erences, and locals will warm to your eff orts to use the appropriate Mexican words and expressions. This book gives you all the practical vocabulary and phrases you need to get by as well as all the fun, spontaneous phrases that lead to a better understanding of Mexico and its people. Need more encouragement? Remember, the contact you make using Mexican Spanish will make your travels unique. Local knowledge, new relationships and a sense of satisfaction"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I NEED YOUR LOVE - DOLLAR - (1979) - YouTube I NEED YOUR LOVE - DOLLAR - (1979) - YouTube [PAR] I NEED YOUR LOVE - DOLLAR - (1979) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 13, 2013 [PAR] DOLLAR are a pop vocal duo from the UK, consisting of David Van Day and Thereza Bazar. The duo were successful in the late 1970s and 1980s. [PAR] Formation [PAR] Thereza Bazar and David Van Day met at 17 when they successfully auditioned for the cabaret act Guys 'n' Dolls. The group enjoyed a number of hit singles in the mid-1970s and during this time Van Day became romantically involved with Bazar. By 1977 the group was in decline and the pair complained about the choice of material and musical direction. Van Day decided to quit the band to embark on a solo career while Bazar would continue with Guys n' Dolls to earn a living for them both. The group's management were unhappy with the situation and sacked Bazar with the reasoning that a six-piece group consisting of three couples would now look odd with five members. With the change in circumstances, the pair decided to begin a career as a duo. They were picked up by French label Carrere Records, going under the name Dollar. [PAR] Career [PAR] 1970s and 1980s [PAR] Dollar's first single, \"Shooting Star\", was released in late 1978 and, after a slow climb, reached number 14 in the UK Singles Chart. The follow-up, \"Who Were You With In The Moonlight?\", was released in early 1979 and also reached number 14. After two hit singles featuring Van Day on lead vocals their third, the ballad \"Love's Gotta Hold On Me\" was sung by Bazar. It became Dollar's first self-penned hit as it entered the Top Ten and was one of their biggest, climbing to number 4 in the UK chart. Encouraged by this steady run of success, the group released their debut album, Shooting Stars, which made the top 40. In a change of pace, the band released a cover of The Beatles' song \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\", which reached number 9. At the same time, Dollar had their first (and only) US hit with \"Shooting Star\", which made No.74. By February 1980, the group had scored four UK Top 20 hits, but this was not to last. In 1980 Dollar moved to WEA Records. Buoyed by the success of \"Love's Gotta Hold On Me\", the pair decided to write and produce all the songs for their second album. Attempting a move towards a rockier sound, the album, along with its singles, failed to sell well. In a bid to generate sales, Van Day and Bazar announced their engagement, but this was later revealed to be a publicity stunt. In 1981, Bazar approached record producer, Trevor Horn, whom she had met during her days in Guys n' Dolls, and asked if he would work with them. He agreed, and produced their 1981 and 1982 material. Horn's production work gave Dollar a more distinctive sound, and their four Horn-produced singles represented the high point in the band's career. It gave them another two Top Ten singles (\"Mirror Mirror\" and \"Give Me Back My Heart\") and two more Top Twenty hits (\"Videotheque\" and \"Hand Held"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Decimal Coins of the UK - The Change to Decimal Coinage Decimal Coins of the UK - The Change to Decimal Coinage [PAR] The Change to Decimal Coinage [PAR] Pictures of Decimal Coins [PAR] Decimalisation Day [PAR] D-Day was February 15th 1971. On that day the United Kingdom changed from the centuries old tradition of using 12 pence to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound to a new decimal 100 new pence to the pound. [PAR] Options considered [PAR] There had been much debate as to the best way of implementing the switch. [PAR] Australia used a dollar valued at ten old shillings, making the new cent equal to 1.2 old pence, a small change in value. [PAR] An alternative was to go to a pound-mil system, with a mil equal to 0.24 old pence, a latter-day successor to the farthing. [PAR] Another was to keep the penny and have a new unit at 100 pence (eight shillings and fourpence). [PAR] However, in the UK the pound was considered to be particularly important because of the UK's international trading status. In addition, having a new penny worth 2.4 old pence was less of a problem as inflation had made its purchasing power insignificant. As a temporary measure a half new penny was introduced, but as will be seen this had a short life. There was even a pattern quarter penny made in aluminium, but this was not proceeded with. [PAR] It was realised at the time that the decision was made that the life of the halfpenny would be very short, but it was felt necessary despite the considerable extra cost of having to mint the coin. Banks never accepted transactions involving an odd halfpenny. [PAR] The Timetable for the Change [PAR] The change was made gradually over three years, in a number of stages. [PAR] In 1968 new shillings and florins were issued as 5 new pence and 10 new pence coins. The older shillings and florins continued to circulate long after decimalisation until the size of the coins was reduced. Theoretically silver coins from 1816 could still have been found in change, but the active withdrawal of silver in the years following the change in 1947, followed by the combination of a dramatic rise in the price of silver with devaluation in 1967 meant that silver coins rapidly vanished from circulation. [PAR] Blue plastic wallets containing the new 5p and 10p coins dated 1968, along with 1/2p, 1p and 2p coins dated 1971 were put on sale. These wallets are still very common. [PAR] In October 1969 the 50 new pence piece replaced the 10 shilling note, which ceased to be legal tender on 22nd November 1970. [PAR] The old halfpenny was demonetised on 1st August 1969. [PAR] The half-crown was demonetised on 1st January 1970. [PAR] The remaining decimal coins became legal tender on 15th February 1971. Maundy coins (and silver threepenny pieces of Maundy design, i.e. with a crowned three on the reverse) were revalued as being in new pence at the same time. [PAR] The changeover was so rapid that the old penny and nickel brass threepence pieces had been removed from circulation by the end of 1971, although I know of one shop in the Yorkshire Dales which continued to use the old currency for a long time on the basis that 'this new-fangled stuff will never catch on'. [PAR] The old penny and threepence coins ceased to be legal tender on 31st August 1971, just over six months after D-day. It is no longer possible to exchange them for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brookside guide-65 Brookside guide-65 [PAR] BROOKSIDE - SEASON SIXTY-FIVE (50 episodes) [PAR] [Episodes 2660-2709] [PAR] The episodes: [PAR] Episode 2660 (W 20-03-02 \"Taking The Plunge\") Written by Maurice Bessman - Jacqui plans to introduce a creche in the health club. Mike plans to tell Ron that he has taken in lodgers. Imelda plans to bully and humiliate Anthony again - but this time he fights back. [PAR] Episode 2661 (Th 21-03-02 \"Abreaction\") Written by Maurice Bessman - Jacqui tries to persuade Max that \"Bev's Bar\" is worth buying. Rachel gives Mike a night to remember. Leanne can't interest Gary in a photograph of her buttock, and Anthony is having trouble sleeping. [PAR] Episode 2662 (F 22-03-02 \"Back To Reality\") Written by Peter Cox - Mike feels that he and Rachel deserve better. Max is not convinced that Jacqui is doing the right thing by buying \"Bev's Bar\" - but she has some even more unexpected news for him. Jessie agrees to pay Nikki's tuition fees for her. [PAR] Episode 2663 (W 27-03-02 \"Coming To Terms\") Written by Heather Robson - Jimmy realises that he has to fend for himself. Jacqui wants no-one to know her news yet - but Katie already does. Emily breaks a nail while putting up her course certificate, and goes to the walk-in centre for treatment. Jerome wants nothing more to do with Jessie, and Bev has a suggestion for Max. [PAR] Episode 2664 (Th 28-03-02 \"This Can Work\") Written by Tom Higgins - Nikki volunteers to take care of Jimmy, no matter what Jerome thinks. Nisha is frustrated that Sammy is turning into \"Goldilocks\". Max tries to reassure Jacqui. Marty has good reason to be annoyed by the results of Tim's DIY work next door. [PAR] Episode 2665 (F 29-03-02 \"Stressed Out\") Written by David Young - Sammy, Nisha and Katie enjoy a girls' night in. Anthony goes to church to confess to his worst sin. Max forces Jacqui to tell him the truth. Emily isn't convinced that Nikki is doing the right thing - but neither is Jimmy. Marty and Steve repair Tim's repairs. [PAR] Episode 2666 (W 03-04-02 \"Weepy\") Written by Barry Woodward - Jacqui thinks she will fail as a mother, and Rachel thinks she may be planning to get rid of her baby, although Mike thinks she'd be more likely to sell it. Anthony has a panic attack in church, Max interviews Lance, and Sammy continues to use Katie. [PAR] Episode 2667 (Th 04-04-02 \"Too Preoccupied\") Written by Barry Woodward - Katie is sent home from work drunk. Rachel becomes jealous of Mike's offer to help Bev. Emily's plans are frustrated, and Jacqui admits that she doesn't want to be pregnant, as she has so much else in her life. [PAR] Episode 2668 (F 05-04-02 \"Coming Home\") Written by Peter Cox - Nisha gets Katie off the hook, but she isn't particularly grateful. Steve becomes concerned about something he finds in Anthony's room. Ron is released from prison, and Jimmy is released from hospital - but are they both ready to face the outside world again? [PAR] Episode 2669 (W 10-04-02 \"Older And Wiser\") Written by Carmel Morgan - Anthony fights back when bullies attack him again. Jacqui feels that her life isn't her own any more - and Sammy, Sol and Leanne are all getting on her nerves. Tim has trouble disposing of builders' waste, and Ron admits that he felt suicidal in prison. [PAR] Episode 2670 (Th 11-04-02 \"Trauma Therapy\") Written by Neil Jones - Nikki invites Jimmy to the opening night of the bar, but becomes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Rubiks Cube - Erno Rubik - About.com Money The History of Rubiks Cube - Erno Rubik [PAR] Model, Emily Dixon playing wth the classic Rubiks Cube at the Toy Fair 2011 at Olympia Exhibition Centre on January 25, 2011 in London, England. Photo by Tim Whitby/Getty Images [PAR] Updated February 03, 2016. [PAR] There is only 1 correct answer and 43 quintillion wrong ones for Rubiks Cube. God's algorithm is the answer that solves the puzzle in the least number of moves. One eighth of the world's population has laid hands on 'The Cube', the most popular puzzle in history and the colorful brainchild of Erno Rubik. [PAR] Enter Erno Rubik [PAR] Erno Rubik was born in Budapest, Hungary during World War II. His mother was a poet, his father an aircraft engineer who started a company to build gliders. Rubik studied sculpture in college, but after graduating, he went back to learn architecture at a small college called the Academy of Applied Arts and Design. He remained there after his studies to teach interior design. [PAR] The Cube [PAR] Rubik's initial attraction to inventing the Cube was not in producing the best selling toy puzzle in history. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 5 Steps to Starting Your Own Business [PAR] The structural design problem interested Rubik; he asked, \"How could the blocks move independently without falling apart?\" In Rubik's Cube, twenty-six individual little cubes or cubies make up the big Cube. Each layer of nine cubies can twist and the layers can overlap. Any three squares in a row, except diagonally, can join a new layer. Rubik's initial attempt to use elastic bands failed, his solution was to have the blocks hold themselves together by their shape. Rubik hand carved and assembled the little cubies together. He marked each side of the big Cube with adhesive paper of a different color, and started twisting. [PAR] An Inventor Dreams [PAR] \"It was wonderful, to see how, after only a few turns, the colors became mixed, apparently in random fashion. It was tremendously satisfying to watch this color parade. Like after a nice walk when you have seen many lovely sights you decide to go home, after a while I decided it was time to go home, let us put the cubes back in order. And it was at that moment that I came face to face with the Big Challenge: What is the way home?\" - Erno Rubik [PAR] See - More Erno Rubik Quotes [PAR] That was how the Cube as a puzzle, was invented in the spring of 1974, when the twenty-nine year old Rubik discovered it was not so easy to realign the colors to match on all six sides. He was not sure he would ever be able to return his invention to its original position. He theorized that by randomly twisting the Cube he would never be able to fix it in a lifetime, which later turns out to be more than correct. He began working out a solution, starting with aligning the eight corner cubies. He discovered certain sequences of moves for rearranging just a few cubies at a time. Within a month, he had the puzzle solved and an amazing journey lay ahead.. [PAR] First Patent [PAR] Rubik applied for his Hungarian patent in January 1975 and left his invention with a small toy making cooperative in Budapest. The patent approval finally came in early 1977 and the first Cubes appeared at the end of 1977. By this time, Erno Rubik was married. [PAR] Two other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three Ohio Civil War Veterans Who Became President Three Ohio Civil War Veterans Who Became President [PAR] Three Ohio Civil War Veterans Who Became President [PAR] By Dennis Keating [PAR] The Cleveland Civil War Roundtable [PAR] Copyright \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 2007, All Rights Reserved [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Five Ohio-born Civil War veterans later became President of the United States. William Tecumseh Sherman might have been a sixth, but he famously refused to be nominated. The first was Ulysses S. Grant, the victorious hero general-in-chief who captured three Confederate armies and who served two terms as the 18th President succeeding Andrew Johnson, the assassinated Abraham Lincoln\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds second Vice President. Grant, of course, deserves separate treatment by himself and also began his Civil War career in Illinois, not Ohio. [PAR] Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd President, was the grandson of President William Henry Harrison (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdOld Tippecanoe\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd), the first president to die in office. Benjamin Harrison, son of a U.S. Congressman, moved to Indianapolis to practice law with the brother of General Lew Wallace (of 'Ben Hur' fame) and was more associated with Indiana than Ohio. He commanded the 70th Indiana Volunteers and distinguished himself at the battle of Peach Tree Creek outside Atlanta in 1864 against Hood. He won the Republication nomination in 1888 over the U.S. Senator from Ohio, John Sherman, the general\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds brother. He defeated incumbent Grover Cleveland, who had been the first Democratic president elected since the Civil War, even though he had received fewer popular votes. He was defeated in his re-election bid in 1892 by his predecessor Grover Cleveland. Curiously, Harrison\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds granddaughter by his second wife would marry the great grandson of President James Garfield. [PAR] This article will recount the Civil War experiences of the remaining three Ohioans and also add some information about their presidencies, two of which were cut short by assassination. [PAR] Rutherford B. Hayes [PAR] A graduate of Kenyon College and Harvard Law School, Hayes was a Cincinnati lawyer in 1861. He and his home guard company, mostly comprised of members of the city\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Literary Club, enlisted, with Hayes becoming a captain, in the 23rd OVI, commanded by William Rosecrans. Hayes would later succeed him as colonel of the regiment (with two companies from Cleveland). A diarist, he wrote almost daily about his experience. [PAR] The 23rd saw its first action in September, 1861 in West Virginia. On May 10, 1862, serving under Jacob Cox in West Virginia, Hayes suffered the first of four wounds that he received during the war. James Monroe is the only other American president who was wounded in battle. [PAR] Transferred to the Army of the Potomac under George McClellan, Cox\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Kanawha Division led the attack at Fox\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Gap at South Mountain on September 14, 1862, where Hayes was again wounded leading the 23rd. Hayes was subsequently promoted to brigade commander in the Kanawha Division. His next action was to pursue John Hunt Morgan in his July, 1863 cavalry raid in Ohio, engaging him shortly before his capture at Buffington\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Island. [PAR] Back in West Virginia and now serving under fellow Ohioan George Crook, Hayes\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd brigade took part in the 1864 campaigns in West Virginia and then in the Shenandoah Valley under generals David Hunter and Phil Sheridan. At Kernstown in July, Hayes was credited with enabling Crook\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds force to escape from Jubal Early. During the course of this battle, Hayes received his third wound. He also was a hero at Opequon (Third Winchester) in September, taking over command of his division when its commander was wounded. Hayes\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds troops then participated in Crook\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds successful flanking movement at Fisher\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film History Milestones - 1927 - Filmsite.org Film History Milestones - 1927 [PAR] Event and Significance [PAR] 1927 [PAR] Fox released They're Coming to Get Me (1927), a five-minute black and white short that was the first 'talkie' using the Movietone system. The first feature film released using the Fox Movietone system was Sunrise (1927) , directed by F. W. Murnau -- the first professionally-produced feature film with an actual soundtrack. [PAR] 1927 [PAR] The effective end of the silent era of films came when Warner Brothers produced and debuted The Jazz Singer (1927) , the first widely-screened feature-length talkie or movie with dialogue. The musical, starring popular vaudevillian Al Jolson, had accompanying audio (with a sound-on-disc technology) which consisted of a few songs by Jolson and a few lines of synchronized dialogue. In his nightclub act in the film, Jolson presented the movie's first spoken ad-libbed words: \"Wait a minute, wait a minute, you ain't heard nothin' yet.\" The film had about 350 spontaneously ad-libbed words. [PAR] 1927 [PAR] Fox's Movietone newsreel, the first sound news film, was produced. The first recording of a news event was the takeoff of Charles Lindbergh's plane from New York on May 20, 1927 on his historic flight across the Atlantic to Paris, the inspiration to create Movietone News. [PAR] 1927 [PAR] At the height of his career during the decade of the 20s, comedian Buster Keaton (known as \"The Great Stone Face\" who equally rivaled silent comic director/star Charlie Chaplin), made many short films and twelve feature films, including his timeless masterpiece The General (1927) . It is regarded as one of the greatest of all silent comedies (and Keaton's own favorite) - and undoubtedly the best train film ever made. The chase comedy based on a true Civil War incident received both poor reviews by critics (it was considered tedious and disappointing) and weak box-office results (about a half million dollars) when initially released in the late 1920s, and it led to Keaton's loss of independence as a film-maker and a restrictive deal with MGM. It would take many decades for the film to be hailed as one of the best ever made. His distinctive films were noted for their trademark wit, satire, acrobatic agility and stunt-work, and fantasy. Other well-known works at this time included Our Hospitality (1923), The Navigator (1924), Sherlock, Jr. (1924), and Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928) . [PAR] 1927 [PAR] Director Abel Gance's celebrated epic silent film Napoleon (1927, Fr.) premiered in Paris, France, over 100 years after the military leader's death in 1821. It experimented with wide-screen and multi-screen effects, used rapid-fire editing (influenced by Eisenstein's Potemkin (1925)), free-wheeling camera movement (influenced by Murnau), and a unique multi-projector system. The final sequence was to be screened via triple projection as a triptych. It was the precursor to the wide-screen Cinerama process that debuted in 1952. [PAR] 1927 [PAR] Director Fritz Lang's classic dystopian vision of the future, the expressionistic Metropolis (1927, Germ) set in the year of 2000, exploited massive sets and lavish set design, clever special effects, stylistic shadowing, oblique camera angles and labryinths, and physical effects like realistic miniatures (one of their first uses) and hydraulically-produced flooding. It was considered a costly box-office disaster at the time and its notorious German producer, the UFA (Universumfilm Aktiengesellschaft) had to be bailed out by U.S. interests. Brigitte Helm served as the film's real Maria (an oppressed working girl) and as the evil robotic doppelganger of herself - cinematic history's first android or robot. [PAR] 1927 [PAR] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Gulf War Commander, Dies at 78 ... H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Gulf War Commander, Dies at 78 - ABC News [PAR] ABC News [PAR] Retired Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Gulf War Commander, Dies at 78 [PAR] By MICHAEL S. JAMES [PAR] WATCH Retired Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf Dead at 78 [PAR] 0 Shares [PAR] Email [PAR] H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the retired general credited with leading U.S.-allied forces to a victory in the first Gulf War, died today at age 78. [PAR] The man who Defense Secretary Leon Panetta today called \"one of the great military giants of the 20th century\" died in Tampa, Fla., where he lived in retirement, the Associated Press reported. [PAR] \"The men and women of the Department of Defense join me in mourning the loss of General Norman Schwarzkopf, whose 35 years of service in uniform left an indelible imprint on the United States military and on the country,\" Panetta said in a statement. \"My thoughts and prayers are with the Schwarzkopf family in this time of sadness and grief.\" [PAR] Schwarzkopf, called \"Stormin' Norman\" because of his reportedly explosive temper, led America to two military victories: a small one in Grenada in the 1980s and a big one as de facto commander of allied forces in the Gulf War in 1991. [PAR] \"'Stormin' Norman' led the coalition forces to victory, ejecting the Iraqi Army from Kuwait and restoring the rightful government,\" read a statement by former Secretary of State Colin Powell, who was chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Gulf War. \"His leadership not only inspired his troops, but also inspired the nation.\" [PAR] WATCH: Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf to Saddam Hussein: 'Get Outta Town' [PAR] Schwarzkopf's success during that fight, also known as Operation Desert Storm, came under President George H.W. Bush, who through his office today mourned \"the loss of a true American patriot and one of the great military leaders of his generation.\" [PAR] \"Gen. Norm Schwarzkopf, to me, epitomized the 'duty, service, country' creed that has defended our freedom and seen this great nation through our most trying international crises,\" Bush said. \"More than that, he was a good and decent man -- and a dear friend.\" [PAR] Bush's office released the statement though the former president, himself, was ill, hospitalized in Texas with a stubborn fever and on a liquids-only diet. [PAR] The current White House occupant, President Obama, also memorialized Schwarzkopf, declaring him \"an American original\" who \"stood tall for the country and Army he loved.\" [PAR] The future four-star general was born Aug. 24, 1934, in Trenton, N.J. [PAR] Schwarzkopf's father, who shared his name, directed the investigation of the Lindbergh baby kidnapping as head of the New Jersey State Police, later becoming a brigadier general in the U.S. Army. [PAR] Schwarzkopf was raised as an army brat in Iran, Switzerland, Germany and Italy, following in his father's footsteps to West Point, earning an engineering degree and being commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1956. [PAR] WATCH: Gen. Schwarzkopf's '5 Minutes of Unimportant Questions' [PAR] He earned three Silver Stars for bravery during two tours in Vietnam, gaining a reputation as an opinionated, plain-spoken commander with a sharp temper who would risk his own life for his soldiers. [PAR] \"He had volunteered to go to Vietnam early just so he could get there before the war ended,\" said former Army Col. William McKinney, who knew Schwarzkopf from their days at West Point, according to ABC News Radio. [PAR] In 1983, as a newly-minted general, Schwarzkopf once again led troops into battle in President"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 2 | 1982: British sub sinks Argentine ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 2 | 1982: British sub sinks Argentine cruiser [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1982: British sub sinks Argentine cruiser [PAR] Argentina's only cruiser, the General Belgrano, has been sunk by a British nuclear submarine in the South Atlantic. [PAR] It is the first serious attack on the Argentine navy by the British since the conflict over the disputed Falkland Islands began last month. [PAR] The second largest ship in the Argentine navy was struck by two Tigerfish torpedoes from HMS Conqueror. It is thought there were about 1,000 men on board. [PAR] British helicopters also sank a patrol boat and damaged another using Seaskua air-to-surface missiles. [PAR] According to sources in Buenos Aires, at least five Argentine warships have been taking part in the search for survivors throughout the day. [PAR] I sincerely hope it will not be a long and bloody conflict [PAR] John Nott, Defence Secretary [PAR] Chances of anyone being found are limited with reports of 30-foot high waves and icy conditions. [PAR] The Belgrano, an old World War II ship, was reported to have been severely damaged this morning. News that she had actually sunk came as the Defence Secretary, John Nott, was answering questions from journalists this afternoon. [PAR] The Belgrano was outside the 200-mile total exclusion zone at the time of the attack and Mr Nott was asked whether the bombing was therefore justified. He replied: \"The General Belgrano was a threat to our men and therefore it is quite correct that she was attacked by our submarines.\" [PAR] Mr Nott said the past week had been a successful one for British armed forces, but that the overriding aim was a peaceful and lasting settlement. [PAR] \"I sincerely hope it will not be a long and bloody conflict,\" he added. [PAR] Earlier today, the government announced the next stage in the military build-up. [PAR] The QE2 has been called into service - she is due back at Southampton at midnight tonight - as well as two ferries and a container ship. [PAR] They will be used to carry 3,000 infantrymen.[DOC] [TLE] Argentina's General Belgrano - Modern Warships - World of ... Argentina's General Belgrano - Modern Warships - World of Warships official forum [PAR] World of Warships official forum [PAR] 26 replies to this topic [PAR] Tanz #1 Posted 20 September 2012 - 12:14 AM [PAR] Lieutenant [PAR] Member since: [PAR] 08-09-2012 [PAR] The General Belgrano, an Argentine cruiser, was sunk during the Falklands War on May 2nd 1982. The Belgrano was sunk by the British submarine HMS Conqueror with considerable loss of life. [PAR] The Belgrano was launched in 1938 as an American light cruiser \u2013 then named the USS Phoenix. The Phoenix was based at Pearl Harbour when the naval base was attacked by the Japanese in December 1941, thus bringing America into World War Two. The Phoenix was decommissioned in 1946 and sold to the Argentine Navy in 1951. In 1956, the ship was re-christened \u2018General Belgrano\u2019 after General Manuel Belgrano, a leading military figure in Argentina\u2019s fight for independence. [PAR] On April 29th, 1982, the Belgrano and two destroyers were patrolling to the south of the Falkland Islands. All three ships were detected by HMS Conqueror and on April 30th, the Conqueror started her approach to them. The Belgrano was outside of the Total Exclusion Zone established by the British government around the Falkland Islands. However, at 12,000 tons fully loaded and with a decent array of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Transport and General Workers' Union - University of Warwick Transport and General Workers' Union [PAR] Transport and General Workers' Union [PAR] Transport and General Workers' Union [PAR] The Transport and General Workers' Union came into being on 1 January 1922 with the amalgamation of fourteen trade unions involved in the transport industry. During the next eighty-six years it absorbed nearly one hundred further unions, becoming the largest trade union in British history and possibly the largest in the free world. It expanded its interests from the transport industry to encompass members in almost every industry in the country. Such was its influence that its first General Secretary, Ernest Bevin, who held office for twenty-three years, was invited by Winston Churchill to serve as Minister of Labour throughout the Second World War, and went on to serve as Foreign Secretary in Clement Attlee's Labour Government. The fourth General Secretary, Frank Cousins, followed in Bevin's political footsteps by serving as Minister of Technology in Harold Wilson's first government. Cousin's successor, Jack Jones, who headed the union at the height of its power in the 1970s, was often described as the most powerful man in Britain. Bill Morris, who headed the union from 1992 to 2003, was the first black General Secretary in British trade union history and was succeeded by Tony Woodley. On 1 May 2007, eighty-five years after its creation, the T&G amalgamated with Amicus to form a new union - Unite. [PAR] The Transport and General Workers' Union archive comprises over 1,100 boxes of material, of which over 500 boxes comprises the archive of T&G Central Office, nearly 400 boxes comprise the archive of the T&G Research Department, and the remainder comprise the archives of three former General Secretaries (Ernest Bevin, Jack Jones and Bill Morris) and some eighty predecessor unions, although some are only represented by a handful of documents. The full catalogue of the T&G archive is available online . [PAR] All researchers must obtain prior permission from the Transport and General Workers' Union section of Unite in order to examine unpublished material within the T&G archive. Personal permission from Lord Morris is required to examine his papers during his lifetime. Please contact the Modern Records Centre for details. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] United Kingdom Society of Coach Makers: Transfer or travelling card in the name of James Carr, coach painter, Dublin, 1847 [PAR] These documents could confirm the status and record the travels of and benefits paid to members \"on the tramp\". [PAR] The United Kingdom Society of Coachmakers was formed in 1834 by the Liverpool and Manchester Coachmakers' Societies after they had co-operated during a strike. In 1919 it amalgamated with three other trade unions to form the National Union of Vehicle Builders. The union transferred engagements to the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1972. [PAR] [Document reference: MSS.126/VB/7/2/1]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of General Synod of the Church of England - The Full Wiki Map of General Synod of the Church of England - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] General Synod of the Church of England: Map [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Wikipedia article: [PAR] Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: [PAR] The General Synod is the deliberative and legislative body of the Church of England . The Synod was instituted in 1970, replacing the Church Assembly, and is the culmination of a process of rediscovering self-government for the Church of England that had started in the 1850s. [PAR] The Church Assembly: 1919 to 1970 [PAR] Prior to 1919, any change to the Church's worship or governance had to be by Act of Parliament , which resulted in little being done. In 1919, the Convocations of the Provinces of Canterbury and York proposed that a National Assembly of the Church of England be established and be given power to legislate for the Church. [PAR] This proposal was given effect through the Church of England Assembly Act 1919 . The Act gave the assembly power to pass Measures - laws which were to \"have the force and effect of an Act of Parliament\" on \"any matter concerning the Church of England\", and included the power to repeal or amend Acts of Parliament concerning the Church. [PAR] The Act required that, after being passed by the Assembly, the Measure had to be examined by a joint committee of both Houses of Parliament and then approved by a vote of each House before being submitted to the Queen for Royal Assent . If MP or members of the House of Lords [PAR] are not content with a Measure then they can vote to reject it, but cannot amend it. Once a measure has been agreed (\"deemed expedient\") by both Houses of Parliament, and received Royal Assent, it is printed with the Acts of Parliament for the year in question. [PAR] The General Synod: from 1970 [PAR] Establishment [PAR] By the Synodical Government Measure 1969, the Church Assembly renamed and reconstituted itself as the General Synod of the Church of England. It also took over the powers formerly exercised by the Convocations of Canterbury and York. [PAR] Membership [PAR] The Synod is tricameral , consisting of the House of Bishops , the House of Clergy and the House of Laity . There are currently 467 members in total. [PAR] The House of Bishops is made up the 30 diocesan bishops in the Province of Canterbury (plus the Bishop of Dover ), the 14 bishops of the Province of York, seven suffragan bishops (four from Canterbury and three from York) elected by all suffragan bishops, and the Bishop to the Forces . [PAR] The House of Clergy comprises clergy elected by the following: [PAR] 128 elected from the Province of Canterbury, [PAR] 54 elected from the Province of York, [PAR] 1 elected by each of the Universities of Oxford[DOC] [TLE] History of the Church of England - iSnare Free Encyclopedia History of the Church of England - iSnare Free Encyclopedia [PAR] History of the Church of England [PAR] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. [PAR] (April 2014) [PAR] Chair of St Augustine, the archiepiscopal throne in Canterbury Cathedral , Kent [a] [PAR] The English Church dates its history principally to the mission to England by Saint Augustine of Canterbury in AD 597. [1] As a result of Augustine's mission, Christianity"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Worzel Gummidge - Classic Aunt Sally Scene - YouTube Worzel Gummidge - Classic Aunt Sally Scene - YouTube [PAR] Worzel Gummidge - Classic Aunt Sally Scene [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 5, 2012 [PAR] From \"The Return Of Dolly Clothes Peg\" ; this is one of my favourite Aunt Sally scenes. Superb acting from Una Stubbs in this wonderful piece, with the Crowman (Geoffrey Bayldon) interrogating Aunt Sally about a missing cake and missing Dolly Clothes Peg (Lorraine Chase). [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Denis King Music - Worzel Gummidge Denis King Music - Worzel Gummidge [PAR] Worzel Gummidge [PAR] CONTACT US [PAR] WORZEL GUMMIDGE [PAR] Music by Denis King - Book and lyrics by Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall, based upon characters created by Barbara Euphan Todd [PAR] The first stage version of the phenomenally successful television series, complete with all the endearing and eccentric characters of Scatterbrook Farm, and of course starring the rascally scarecrow Worzel and the hopelessly vain Aunt Sally. [PAR] PERFORMANCES [PAR] First performed Birmingham Repertory Theatre, 12 December 1980. Opened Cambridge Theatre, London, 1982, Duncan C. Weldon for Triumph Theatre Productions Ltd producing. [PAR] Producer: James Hill [PAR] Musical Director: Ray Bishop [PAR] CAST (10M, 4W, 2 Children, between 6 +10 chorus) [PAR] PRINCIPALS: Jon Pertwee, Una Stubbs, Geoffrey Bayldon, Denis Holmes, Lloyd McGuire, Mary Griffiths, Lucy Baker, Cathy Murphy, Jonathan Byatt, Courtney Roper Knight, Graham Padden, Norman Mitchell, Michael Ripper, Jane Freeman, Jon Cartwright, Susan Jane Tanner, Jonathan Stephens, Mike Finesilver. CHORUS: Denise Baxter, Julie Edmet, Lynn Edmeny, Lillian Evans, Chris Eymard, Marcus MacKenzie, Christopher Robinson, Emma Rogers, Howard Samuels, Kay Townsend [PAR] MUSICAL NUMBERS: [PAR] Click on any track name in blue to listen to the track, use the controls on the right hand side to play, pause and stop the audio. [PAR] IT'S ME BIRTHDAY [PAR] OTHER MEDIA: [PAR] Television: THE WORZEL GUMMIDGE CHRISTMAS SPECIAL. Southern TV, transmitted 7th December, 1980. Written by Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall; Music by Denis King; Produced and directed by James Hill. Starring Jon Pertwee, Una Stubbs, Geoffrey Bayldon, Barbara Windsor and Billy Connolly. www.deltamusic.co.uk [PAR] Original Cast Album recorded at EMI Studios, Abbey Road 6th December 1981. Producer Norman Newell. Arrangements Denis King [PAR] Remastered 2014 by Stage Door Records WORZEL GUMMIDGE [PAR] KINGS\u2019 COMMENTS [PAR] \u201cWorzel\u201d was my first collaboration with the legendary writing team of Leeds-born Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall. I\u2019d known both of them slightly for years as we\u2019d frequented the same actors\u2019 club in the Sixties (Gerry\u2019s on Shaftesbury Avenue) but I have no idea how we came to be working together, perhaps they approached me, having been commissioned by Birmingham. In any event, it became a happy threesome. Keith and Willis seemed to divvy up the songs between them and each would post me his lyrics separately, both typewritten, Keith\u2019s written on his old manual with half the letters missing. I wish I\u2019d saved them. [PAR] Occasionally, though, it worked the other way around, and I\u2019d send a cassette of a melody for them to set lyrics to. Keith would post his completed lyric back to me, but Willis tended to ring. I looked forward to these calls. Astrid could always tell who was on the other"
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        "context": ""
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maid Marian and Her Merry Men - TV.com Maid Marian and Her Merry Men - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] Maid Marian and Her Merry Men [PAR] Follow [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Robin Hood wasn't the heroic, lovable bandit history led us to believe. Instead he was a self-centered, yellow-bellied chicken. The brains and courage actuality came from Maid Marian! Marian was in fact the real leader of the Merry Men, who fought to protect the pennyless people of Worksop against the deceitfully worm-like Sheriff of Nottingham and the big nasty ogre called 'King John.' With a lighthearted song and a twist of zaniness, Maid Marian and her Merry Men (for the most part at least!) saved the day. But unintentionally dropped all the credit into Robin's lap. [PAR] Created by 'Black Adders' Tony Robinson and shown on Children's BBC 1. [PAR] Fresh Off the Boat How to Be An American [PAR] NEW [PAR] The Real O'Neals The Real Sin [PAR] NEW [PAR] NCIS: New Orleans Follow the Money [PAR] NEW [PAR] NEW [PAR] NBC [PAR] Important: You must only upload images which you have created yourself or that you are expressly authorised or licensed to upload. By clicking \"Publish\", you are confirming that the image fully complies with TV.com\u2019s Terms of Use and that you own all rights to the image or have authorization to upload it. [PAR] Please read the following before uploading [PAR] Do not upload anything which you do not own or are fully licensed to upload. The images should not contain any sexually explicit content, race hatred material or other offensive symbols or images. Remember: Abuse of the TV.com image system may result in you being banned from uploading images or from the entire site \u2013 so, play nice and respect the rules! [PAR] Choose background:[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - Maid Marian And Her Merry Men - The Children's TV ... h2g2 - Maid Marian And Her Merry Men - The Children's TV Comedy - Edited Entry [PAR] 4 Conversations [PAR] Everyone's heard the story of Robin Hood and his band of merry men who lived in Sherwood Forest and robbed the rich to feed the poor. However, Maid Marian and her Merry Men gave a new twist to the old tale, by making Marian the leader of the gang. In this children's comedy, Robin Hood is a useless, foppish wimp, while Marian bullies the local villagers into joining her against the evil King John. [PAR] Of course, Robin and Marian aren't the only members of the merry men, there are also the 'thick as two short planks' Rabies, the rasta Barrington, and Little Ron (who is, in fact, a dwarf). [PAR] The show was written by, and starred, Tony Robinson (of Blackadder and Time Team fame) and ran on CBBC for four series, starting on 16 November, 1989, with the final episode of the last series being shown on 16 February, 1994. In total, 26 episodes were made and there have since been repeats on CBBC. The series has also been adapted into a stage show, touring British theatres. [PAR] Much of the comedy in each episode arose from songs penned by Nick Russell-Pavier and David Chilton. They were often sung by either the Sheriff of Nottingham or Barrington and include 'Colin's Release', an appeal to free Colin the chicken, and 'Father Bloopy' - about a Father Christmas figure. [PAR] Although set in the times of Robin Hood and filmed in Sherwood Forest and Worksop, the show slipped in canny references to modern living. For example, one episode included a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds (Western Animation ... Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds (Western Animation) - TV Tropes [PAR] Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Western Animation / Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] From left to right: Pip, Porthos, Dogtanian, Athos and Aramis. [PAR] \"One for all and all for one, [PAR] Muskehounds are always ready. [PAR] One for all and all for one, [PAR] Helping everybody. [PAR] One for all and all for one, [PAR] It's a pretty story. [PAR] That's the way to be.\" [PAR] \u2014First verse of the opening theme [PAR] Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds is a 1981 cartoon based on the novel The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas . The cartoon was created by Spanish animation studio BRB Internacional and co-produced in Japan by Nippon Animation . [PAR] This was a remarkably faithful 26-part adaptation (with some inevitable bowdlerisation ; for instance, Dogtanian's love interest Juliette, is M. Bonacieux's niece rather than his wife), with one major difference: the principal characters are all dogs, as is most of the supporting cast, with the occasional cat, pig, bear or rabbit. [PAR] Young Dogtanian is a child of poor but honest parents, living in a small village in Gascony, scrapping with his puppy pals and dreaming of becoming a Musketeer (the title notwithstanding, they're called \"Musketeers\" throughout - at least in the English dub). When a messenger arrives from his father's old friend Monsieur de Treville , head of the Musketeers, asking that Dogtanian be sent to Paris to train under him, our hero sets off armed with a sword , a decrepit old horse and an ointment that can heal any wound . [PAR] On his journey he falls foul of a mysterious cavalier , the Man with the Black Moustache , and ends up walking to Paris with no money and a broken sword. He arrives at last and falls in with the trio of friends known as the Three Musketeers: The Leader Porthos , portly Athos and romantic Aramis (the book roles of Athos and Porthos are swapped). [PAR] Dogtanian's spirit and swordsmanship soon make him an indispensible part of the team, and he settles down to a life of duelling with the Cardinal's Guards, wooing the lovely Juliette and foiling villainous plots against nice-but-weak King Louis and his wife Anne of Austria. His ultimate aim is to prove himself and be accepted into the ranks of the Musketeers. [PAR] Anyone who grew up in the UK and Spain in the 1980s will almost certainly remember this show, as it seemed to be on permanent loop along with The Mysterious Cities of Gold and Around the World with Willy Fog . A sequel series was made in 1990 that continued with a new story based on The Vicomte de Bragelonne, although changing \"the man in the iron mask\" for \"the man in the golden muzzle\". [PAR] Tropes: [PAR] Absurdly Sharp Blade / Artistic License \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Physics / Implausible Fencing Powers : In the intro Dogtanian tosses an apple into the air with the point of his sword and cuts through it eight times while it inexplicably hovers in the air unaffected by gravity and catches it on the point of his sword seemingly intact. He then blows on it and it becomes a shower of over fifty wafer thin slices that float down to the floor. So somehow Dogtanian is able to use a rapier (a type of sword that doesn't"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Flumps (TV Series 1976\u2013 ) - IMDb The Flumps (TV Series 1976\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 4 January 2017 1:18 AM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The adventures of a family of cute, furry creatures - The Flumps. Grandpa Flump, Ma and Pa Flump, their eldest son Perkin, daughter Posie and youngest son Pootle. Each episode contains fun songs and a story from the 'Big Book'. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] 74th Golden Globe Awards [PAR] Jimmy Fallon may be hosting, but let IMDb be your guide to the 2017 Golden Globes with galleries, videos, lists, and more. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 238 titles [PAR] created 08 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 981 titles [PAR] created 24 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 699 titles [PAR] created 09 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 811 titles [PAR] created 19 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 83 titles [PAR] created 10 May 2015 [PAR] Search for \" The Flumps \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Popular British children's animation series, repeated almost constantly since 1971. Mr Benn is the ordinary, bowler-hatted office worker who lives in the ordinary suburban street of Festive... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ray Brooks [PAR] A melancholic children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. Bagpuss and his friends are toys in a turn of the century shop for 'found things'. When young Emily ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Oliver Postgate, Sandra Kerr, John Faulkner [PAR] Button Moon (TV Series 1980) [PAR] Family [PAR] Mr Spoon and his family live on Junk Planet. He travels in his baked bean tin spaceship across blanket sky to Button Moon. There he meets many strange characters and watches stories unfold on other planets using his telescope. [PAR] Stars: Robin Parkinson [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.6/10 X [PAR] A sequel, of sorts, to Camberwick Green but set in the larger, nearby town of Trumpton. Each episode opens with the town hall clock and ends with the fire brigade band playing. Every show tells the story of one of the townsfolk. [PAR] Stars: Brian Cant [PAR] Children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. In the 'top, left hand corner of Wales' runs an archaic railway line staffed by such characters as Jones the Steam ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Olwen Griffiths, Anthony Jackson, Oliver Postgate [PAR] When Jamie shines his Magic Torch on the floor of his bedroom a hole appears, leading Jamie and Wordsworth the sheepdog to the psychedelic fantasy world of Cuckooland. [PAR] Stars: Brian Trueman, Kate Murray-Henderson [PAR] Children's puppet programme featuring music and stories. [PAR] Stars: Geoffrey Hayes, Roy Skelton, Stanley Bates [PAR] The long running television series of the Grange Hill Comprehensive School, and the children's everyday lives. [PAR] Stars: Stuart Organ, Gwyneth Powell, Lee Cornes [PAR] Charming finger puppet series with Yoffy (Jones) telling stories featuring Fingermouse, Scampi, Gulliver the Seagull, and other animal characters. [PAR] Stars: Rick Jones"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New York Giants Football - Giants News, Scores, Stats ... New York Giants Football - Giants News, Scores, Stats, Rumors & More - ESPN [PAR] Giants NFL's most improved defense [PAR] share [PAR] All that spending in free agency last offseason paid off. By Football Outsiders' metrics, the Giants' defense went from being one of the league's worst in 2015 to one of the best this season. Most improved units (Insider) [PAR] share [PAR] The time for JPP to cash in has arrived [PAR] share [PAR] Jason Pierre-Paul settled for a one-year deal last offseason because of uncertainty over his hand after his fireworks accident. Now that he proved he can still play, a big deal should follow. Due for paydays (Insider) [PAR] share [PAR] Will Giants return to playoffs in 2017? [PAR] share [PAR] The defense should again be stout, especially with a rising star in Landon Collins. That said, the offense must get better, and the schedule will be tougher, John Clayton writes. Best set up for '17 (Insider) [PAR] share [PAR] Trade Odell Beckham Jr.? The Giants have some decisions to make, but it's foolish to even entertain moving their star receiver. More in the mailbag. [PAR] Mike Sando ESPN Senior Writer [PAR] Eric Weddle, DeShawn Shead and AJ Bouye: the only players to pick off Tom Brady this season (Trevin Wade got one during the preseason). [PAR] share [PAR] Dan Graziano ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] Pat Flaherty, Tom Coughlin's longtime offensive line coach in NY, is joining the Jaguars in the same role. [PAR] share [PAR] Giants need to solve 'black hole' at TE [PAR] share [PAR] A dangerous seam threat could take attention away from Odell Beckham Jr., but the Giants have struggled to find an answer there. Luckily for them, this draft should offer some solutions. Biggest draft need [PAR] share [PAR] Jordan Raanan ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] Leon Hall was not fined for his hit that injured Jordy Nelson's ribs. No penalty was called on the play but it looked as if he led with his helmet. [PAR] share[DOC] [TLE] What to Call Sports Teams That Play in Northern New Jersey ... What to Call Sports Teams That Play in Northern New Jersey: An Awkward History [PAR] January 22, 2014 01/22/2014 8:00 a.m. [PAR] What to Call Sports Teams That Play in Northern New Jersey: An Awkward History [PAR] Giants running back Tiki Barber in 2000, after the team revived its \"NY\" logo. [PAR] Photo: Michael J. Minardi/2000 Michael J. Minardi [PAR] Metlife Stadium, the site of Super Bowl XLVIII, is only about five miles from New York City, as the crow flies. But to call it a \u201cNew York\u201d Super Bowl isn\u2019t really accurate, since it\u2019ll be taking place across state lines in East Rutherford, New Jersey. To call it a \u201cNew Jersey Super Bowl\u201d isn\u2019t quite right, either; MetLife Stadium was awarded the game because of its proximity to New York City, and the NFL teams that call it home identify with New York. (The NFL\u2019s solution has been to use \u201cNew York/New Jersey,\u201d though some have argued the Garden State\u2019s been overlooked in the promotion of the game.) The problem is hardly new: The question of what to call sports teams and events in northern New Jersey dates back decades, and the results can be awkward. [PAR] 1971 [PAR] \u2022 In a New York Times article in which the governor of New Jersey says he\u2019s gotten a verbal commitment from the New York Football Giants to move into a to-be-built sports complex in the Hackensack River meadowlands, the"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FETA CHEESE - Ultimate Guide To Greek Food Greek Feta Cheese [PAR] [ ? ]Subscribe To This Site [PAR] FETA CHEESE [PAR] Feta cheese is the most famous of Greek cheeses and the most popular. It has been and still is an important part of the Greek diet. [PAR] It is used in all types of meals, used as a stuffing, fried as in Saganaki, as a table cheese - drizzled with olive oil and oregano and served as a meze with drinks. [PAR] It is famously known for being crumbled over a Greek salad, and as a filling for cheese pies - Tiropita, and many other pies. [PAR] It is used for sweets, sweet pastries, as well as cheesecake. It is the most versatile of all cheeses. [PAR] Over the last couple of decades, the rest of the world has fallen under the spell of feta, and understood what a fantastic cheese this really is. [PAR] You will now find almost every cafe will be using feta in one of their meals. It is ideal for light, healthy dishes has a good strong taste, and contrasts well with colourful salads and other foods. [PAR] Feta is made either completely from sheep's milk or can be mixed with up to 30% of goat's milk. It is a soft white cheese, with a salty, tangy taste and a unique, crumbly texture. It can range from mild to sharp. The milk fat content of feta ranges from 45 to 60 percent. [PAR] In Greece, 12kg of feta is consumed per person per year! [PAR] You can see the Greeks love their feta cheese! [PAR] With much of the Greek landscape being mountainous and hilly, it was not suited for cows. [PAR] Sheep and goats fared better in this countryside, were ideal as they could clamber over the mountains, produced milk as well as their meat. Sheep would travel over good distances every day to feed, and on the way would munch on a variety of plants, mountain grasses and herbs. In these regions, harmful substances such as pesticides and fertilisers were very scarce, so the milk these sheep produced was organically superior. [PAR] With the sheep always on the move to get their food, they would never get fat and so consequently the milk produced was low in fat. It is these factors which give the feta cheese the characteristically pure, white colour. Feta which is not produced in Greece and in these conditions need to be chemically treated to obtain that sparkling white colour. [PAR] Greece has been running a long legal battle in the European Courts to recognise that feta is a Greek cheese. This is due to other countries such as Denmark and France producing white cheeses, mostly from cow's milk and calling it Feta. [PAR] In 2005, Greece won the battle and Feta is now a PDO which stands for Protected Designation of Origin. This means that in the European Union, no other country can call their cheese \"Feta\". It now comes under strict production guidelines, and can only be called feta if it is made exclusively with sheep's milk, with the addition of up to 30% goat's milk from and in Greece using traditional methods. [PAR] Other countries within Europe either have to have their own name for this cheese or can call it \"Greek Style Cheese\". Of course, countries bordering Greece, were probably making this cheese before governments started putting up borders. This will help to maintain the standard and quality of Greek Feta Cheese. [PAR] The history of the Greek word \"feta\" comes"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bel Group - Leerdammer\u00ae Leerdammer\u00ae \u2013 Bel Group [PAR] Leerdammer\u00ae [PAR] A unique taste and personality [PAR] Originating in the Netherlands, Leerdammer\u00ae is the second brand worldwide for sliced cheese (in volume terms). The famous cheese with holes has two great features, including an unmistakable hazelnut taste and a resolutely offbeat personality. [PAR] Share [PAR] HISTORY [PAR] Leerdammer\u00ae\u2019s story begins in Holland. In 1974, two Dutch cheese makers developed a new cheese with holes by combining Gouda and Emmental cheeses. From the start, Leerdammer\u00ae blended the best Dutch cheese traditions with a novel hazelnut taste that has won over European consumers. [PAR] In 2002, Leerdammer\u00ae joined the Bel family of brands. Innovation and fun became strong attributes of the brand, which was already as well known for its distinctive taste as for its offbeat commercials. [PAR] LEERDAMMER\u00ae TODAY [PAR] One of the first brands available in pre-packaged slices so ideal for sandwiches, golden rind Leerdammer\u00ae comes in many formats and flavors to satisfy current eating trends. These include cheese blocks and deli cuts for traditionalists, the strong tasting \u201cCaract\u00e8re\u201d range for enthusiasts, diced and grated versions to enliven any dish, and slices notably to accompany raclette fans. Highly appreciated in France, Leerdammer\u00ae is also very popular in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. [PAR] KEY FIGURES [PAR] 2nd brand worldwide for sliced cheese* [PAR] Leerdammer\u00ae is currently available in 27 countries in Europe. [PAR] N\u00b01 cheese brand in Germany [PAR] Twelve kilograms, the weight of a Leerdammer\u00ae cheese wheel [PAR] 4 production units around the world ( 3 in the Netherlands and 1 in France) [PAR] 53, 000 metric tonnes of Leerdammer produced in 2013 [PAR] * in volume terms [PAR] anecdote [PAR] Leerdammer\u00ae was almost called Schoonrewoerd, in honor of the village where it was first made. But faced with the obvious difficulties of pronouncing this typically Dutch name, its creators decided to name the cheese after the nearby city of Leerdam. Smart move. Leerdammer\u00ae travels easier, particularly for a cheese that from the outset was already looking to go well beyond the borders of its homeland. [PAR] learn about all our brands [PAR] Say, \u201cLimiano\u00ae\u201d to a Portuguese person, and he will know exactly what you are talking about. Say, \u201cPicon\u00ae\u201d to a Lebanese national, and she can recite the brand\u2019s slogan effortlessly. Bel\u2019s international and local brands have won a special place in their consumers\u2019 lives as well."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caravane cheese | WikiCheese | Fandom powered by Wikia Caravane cheese | WikiCheese | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Caravane is the brand name of a camel milk cheese produced in Mauritania by Tiviski, a company founded by Nancy Abeiderrhamane in 1987. The milk used to make the cheese is collected from the local animals of a thousand nomadic herdsmen, and is very difficult to produce, but yields a product that is low in lactose. As Mauritanians do not generally eat cheese, and the European Commission has not yet fully implemented policies designed for dromedary milk products, Caravane is difficult to find in Europe. Its availability is largely limited to Nouakchott shops and restaurants, and as an export to neighboring Senegal. It can now be purchased in select stores in New York . [PAR] Caravane cheese[DOC] [TLE] List of cheeses - WOW.com List of cheeses - WOW.com [PAR] List of cheeses [PAR] Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cheeses [PAR] Updated: 2016-12-31T09:20Z [PAR] This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries. [PAR] A cheese counter at a shop [PAR] Cheese in a store cooler [PAR] A variety of cheeses on serving platter [PAR] Many cheeses at a supermarket [PAR] Cheese counter, Freiburg [PAR] Cheese shop, Paris [PAR] This is a list of cheeses by place of origin. Cheese is a milk -based food that is produced in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms. Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced. Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized , the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging. [PAR] Herbs , spices , or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents. The yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester , is normally formed from adding annatto . While most current varieties of cheese may be traced to a particular locale, or culture, within a single country, some have a more diffuse origin, and cannot be considered to have originated in a particular place, but are associated with a whole region, such as queso blanco in Latin America . [PAR] Cheese is an ancient food whose origins predate recorded history . There is no conclusive evidence indicating where cheesemaking originated, either in Europe , Central Asia or the Middle East , but the practice had spread within Europe prior to Roman times and, according to Pliny the Elder , had become a sophisticated enterprise by the time the Roman Empire came into existence. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] It is a soft cow's milk cheese. [PAR] Egypt [PAR] A soft white salty cheese made primarily in Egypt, [3] but also in Sudan and other Middle Eastern countries. [PAR] Karish [PAR] Also known as \"ras cheese\", roumy is one of the main types of cheese in Egypt. It has a distinctive smell, and different degrees of salty taste according to the stage of aging. [PAR] Ethiopia [PAR] A cottage cheese that is mild and crumbly. It has little flavor on its own, and is often served as a side dish to soften the effect of very spicy food. [PAR] Mauritania [PAR] Caravane cheese [PAR] The brand name of a camel milk cheese produced in Mauritania by Tiviski , a company founded by Nancy Abeiderrhamane in 1987. The milk used to make the cheese is collected from the local animals of a thousand nomadic herdsmen , and is very difficult to produce, but yields a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Marwood Cleese (Cheese) - Genealogy - geni family tree John Marwood Cleese (Cheese) - Genealogy [PAR] Genealogy [PAR] Join the world's largest family tree [PAR] Gender [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] Ex-husband of Connie Booth ; Barbara Trentham and <private> Eichelberger (McBride) [PAR] Father of <private> Cleese and <private> Cleese [PAR] Managed by: [PAR] Oct 27 1939 - Number 6 Ellesmere road, Weston-super-Mare, England, UK [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Reginald Francis Cleese (Cheese), Muriel Cleese (Cheese) (born Cross) [PAR] Ex-wife: [PAR] Oct 27 1939 - Weston Super Mare, Somerset, England [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Connie Booth, Alyce Cleese, Barbara Trentham, Jennifer Wade [PAR] Children: [PAR] Oct 1939 - Weston- Super-Mare, Somerset, England [PAR] Parents: [PAR] mother [PAR] About John Cleese [PAR] He is an English actor, comedian, writer and film producer. He achieved success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, and as a scriptwriter on The Frost Report. In the late 1960s he became a member of Monty Python, the comedy troupe responsible for the sketch show Monty Python's Flying Circus and the four Monty Python films: And Now for Something Completely Different, Holy Grail, Life of Brian and The Meaning of Life. [PAR] In the mid 1970s, Cleese co-wrote and starred in, with first wife Connie Booth, the British sitcom Fawlty Towers. Later, he co-starred with Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis and former Python colleague Michael Palin in A Fish Called Wanda and Fierce Creatures. He also starred in Clockwise, and has appeared in many other films, including two James Bond films, two Harry Potter films, and three Shrek films. [PAR] With Yes Minister writer Antony Jay he co-founded the production company Video Arts, responsible for making entertaining training films. [PAR] Cleese was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, the only child of Muriel (n\u00e9e Cross), an acrobat, and Reginald Francis Cleese (b. 1894), who worked in insurance sales. His family's surname was previously \"Cheese\", but his father changed it to \"Cleese\" in 1915, upon joining the Army. [PAR] Cleese was educated at St Peter's Preparatory School where he was a star pupil, receiving a prize for English studies and doing well at sport including cricket and boxing. At 13 he received an exhibition to Clifton College, an English public school in Bristol. He was tall as a child and was well over 6 ft when he arrived there. While at the school he is said to have defaced the school grounds for a prank by painting footsteps to suggest that the school's statue of Field Marshal Earl Haig had got down from his plinth and gone to the toilet. Cleese played cricket for the first team and after initial indifference he did well academically, passing 8 O levels and 3 A-Levels in mathematics, physics and chemistry. [PAR] After leaving school he went back to his prep school to teach science before taking up a place he had won at Downing College, Cambridge where he studied law and joined the Cambridge Footlights Revue. There he met his future writing partner Graham Chapman. Cleese wrote extra material for the 1961 Footlights Revue I Thought I Saw It Move, and was Registrar for the Footlights Club during 1962, as well as being one of the cast members for the 1962 Footlights Revue Double Take! He graduated from Cambridge in 1963 with a 2:1 classification in his degree. Despite his successes on The Frost Report, his father would send him cuttings from the Daily Telegraph offering management jobs in places like Marks and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First 10 Popes of the Catholic Church - St. Peter's List The First 10 Popes of the Catholic Church [PAR] Contact [PAR] The First 10 Popes of the Catholic Church [PAR] Listers, we\u2019ve catalogued the first ten Vicars of Christ for the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. Save the information on our first pope \u2013 St. Peter \u2013 all the information presented is taken from the Catholic Encyclopedia and links for further reading are provided. [PAR] [PAR] Painting of Saint Peter by Peter Paul Rubens depicting the saint as Pope (1611-1612) \u2013 Wikipedia [PAR] 1. Pope St. Peter (32-67) [PAR] St. Peter held a primacy amongst the twelve disciples that earned him the title \u201cPrince of the Apostles.\u201d This primacy of St. Peter was solidified when he was appointed by Jesus to the Office of the Vicar \u2013 demonstrated by Christ giving St. Peter the Keys to the Kingdom. To understand St. Peter, one must first understand Christ and the Church Christ came to establish. Jesus is the \u201cSon of David\u201d and his life and ministry fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of the New Davidic Kingdom and New Jerusalem; hence, we look to the historic kingdom of King David as a guide to the New Davidic Kingdom. King David had a vicar that ruled his kingdom when David was absent and the sign of authority for this vicar was the keys of the kingdom. In the New Davidic Kingdom, Christ the Son of David gave the keys to his Vicar to guide the Kingdom until the return of Christ \u2013 we now refer to this vicar as \u201cthe pope.\u201d SPL has written extensively on these issue in 10 Biblical Reasons Christ Founded the Papacy and 13 Reasons St. Peter Was the Prince of the Apostles . [PAR] 2. Pope St. Linus (67-76) [PAR] All the ancient records of the Roman bishops which have been handed down to us by St. Irenaeus, Julius Africanus, St. Hippolytus, Eusebius, also the Liberian catalogue of 354, place the name of Linus directly after that of the Prince of the Apostles, St. Peter. These records are traced back to a list of the Roman bishops which existed in the time of Pope Eleutherus (about 174-189), when Irenaeus wrote his book \u201cAdversus haereses\u201d. As opposed to this testimony, we cannot accept as more reliable Tertullian\u2019s assertion, which unquestionably places St. Clement (De praescriptione, xxii) after the Apostle Peter, as was also done later by other Latin scholars (Jerome, Illustrious Men 15). The Roman list in Irenaeus has undoubtedly greater claims to historical authority. This author claims that Pope Linus is the Linus mentioned by St. Paul in his 2 Timothy 4:21. The passage by Irenaeus (Against Heresies III.3.3) reads: [PAR] After the Holy Apostles (Peter and Paul) had founded and set the Church in order (in Rome) they gave over the exercise of the episcopal office to Linus. The same Linus is mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. His successor was Anacletus. [PAR] We cannot be positive whether this identification of the pope as being the Linus mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21 goes back to an ancient and reliable source, or originated later on account of the similarity of the name. [ Read More ] [PAR] 3. Pope St. Anacletus (Cletus) (76-88) [PAR] The second successor of St. Peter. Whether he was the same as Cletus, who is also called Anencletus as well as Anacletus, has been the subject of endless discussion. Irenaeus, Eusebius, Augustine, Optatus, use both names indifferently as of one person. Tertullian omits him altogether. To"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CBBC Newsround | World | Benedict XVI - what's in a name? CBBC Newsround | World | Benedict XVI - what's in a name? [PAR] Benedict XVI - what's in a name? [PAR] The Catholic church's 265th pope, Joseph Ratzinger, has decided he wants to be known as Benedict XVI. [PAR] The previous pope was known as John Paul II, but his real name was Karol Wojtyla. [PAR] Why do popes choose names for themselves? [PAR] Popes generally kept their own names until John II was elected to the role in 533. His real name was Mercury - the name of a Roman god. He decided it was not appropriate to lead the church with a pagan name. [PAR] What does \"benedict\" mean? [PAR] It comes from the Latin word for blessing and is among a number of pope names of holy origin, such as Clement (meaning \"mercy\"), Innocent (\"hopeful\") and Pius (\"pious\"). [PAR] Why is the name important? [PAR] The choice is often seen as the first signal to the world's 1.1bn Catholics about the kind of leadership they can expect. [PAR] What is the significance of \"Benedict\"? [PAR] St Benedict, a monk who died in the 6th Century, was a patron saint of Europe and a founder of the monastery system. [PAR] An 18th Century saint of the same name was a wandering pilgrim. His feast day is 16 April - Joseph Ratzinger's birthday. [PAR] Who was the previous Benedict? [PAR] Benedict XV was pope from 1914 to 1922. He had the difficult task of leading Catholics on opposing sides through World War I. [PAR] He refused to take sides and protested against the use of weapons, including poison gas. [PAR] He was also known as a peacemaker and for reaching out to other religions.[DOC] [TLE] Benedict XVI-What's in a Name? - Crossroads Initiative Benedict XVI-What's in a Name? - Crossroads Initiative [PAR] Marcellino D\u2019Ambrosio, Ph.D. [PAR] Catholic theologian and historian [PAR] In the Bible, when God changes someone\u2019s name, it\u2019s a sign of a change of destiny, of a new special role in God\u2019s plan. In the gospels, Jesus changes the name of only one person. Simon becomes Peter, the rock, upon whom Jesus builds his Church. [PAR] It is fitting, then, that the first act of the Successor of Peter upon his election is to choose a new name. He, of course, gives a great deal of prayer and thought to this matter. The name will say something about the Pope he believes God wants him to be, about the role God wants him to play. [PAR] So why did Cardinal Ratzinger choose the name of Benedict? [PAR] The day after his election, he explained himself. He was thinking of not one, but two previous Benedicts. [PAR] The first was not even a Pope. In fact, he was just a simple monk who desired nothing more than to live a quiet life of prayer and work and lead others to do the same. This Benedict , born in the 5th century in Nursia, an area of Italy, fled the decadent urban life of Rome to seek a life of solitude in the country. Monastic life was chaotic and unregulated at that time, and so this young man gathered a band of monks around him and formed a community, writing a rule of life that was so practical that it became the pattern for thousands of monks and monasteries all over the world. These monks who followed this rule ultimately were the ones who evangelized and educated Europe during the \u201cdark ages\u201d and are still"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 26 signs you were born and raised in Germany - Matador Network 26 signs you were born and raised in Germany [PAR] 26 signs you were born and raised in Germany [PAR] View Single Page [PAR] 1. Your mother ironed your bed linen, underwear, and towels. [PAR] What would the neighbors think if she allowed you to leave the house with unironed underwear?! There must be order! [PAR] 2. You\u2019ve never watched The Sound of Music. [PAR] The only reason you even know it exists is because your American friends keep referring to it, or even worse, sing the songs to you with the expectation that you\u2019ll join in. [PAR] 3. D\u00f6ner kebab is your life-saving 3am hangover-prevention food. [PAR] And you are completely convinced that it is a purely German invention. Like heck the integration of immigrants in German culture isn\u2019t working! [PAR] 4. Efficiency is your middle name. [PAR] Working abroad in an international company? Almost certainly you\u2019re the colleague everybody hates. The bloody German, who finishes all of his tasks in no time and leaves his boss desperate to find some new work for him. You\u2019ve seriously tried to work more slowly, to deliver less quality results\u2026but you just can\u2019t help it \u2014 German efficiency is in your genes. [PAR] 5. Elevators are a place of silence. [PAR] There is an unwritten rule in Germany: You don\u2019t look at other people in the elevator, and you definitely don\u2019t talk to them. Even if you\u2019re in an elevator with your friends, there\u2019s usually an awkward silence nobody dares break. [PAR] 6. You never, ever step on lawns. [PAR] Even if you\u2019re in one of the few parks where there is no sign prohibiting stepping on the lawn, you still feel like a criminal just for going near the grass. [PAR] 7. There\u2019s just one kind of proper bread. [PAR] Real bread is dark and has a crispy crust and a soft inside, obviously. White bread, whether it\u2019s a baguette or ciabatta, just isn\u2019t the real deal. When you travel the world or move abroad, there is nothing you long for more than the sight of a traditional German bakery. [PAR] 8. You\u2019re the worst nightmare of every party host. [PAR] When you\u2019re invited to a party at 7pm in \u2014 let\u2019s say \u2014 Spain, like a good German you\u2019ll probably show up at 6.50pm, walk around the block once because you don\u2019t want to be too early, and then ring the bell at 6.55pm. Don\u2019t expect your host to open the door anytime soon \u2014 he\u2019s still in the shower and hasn\u2019t even started preparing the house for the party yet. [PAR] On the other hand, when you invite people for a party at 7 pm, you expect them to show up at 7pm. Not at 7.30pm, not at 8pm, and god beware if one of them dares to arrive at 8.30pm without having a really good excuse (like saving a kitten out of a burning house). [PAR] 9. The expression \u201c7-ish\u201d makes you cringe. [PAR] There is either 7:00 or 7:05 or 7:10. For you, 7-ish is just an excuse for people who can\u2019t manage their time effectively to be punctual. Mainly, you\u2019re just pissed that you\u2019ll never manage to be somewhere around 7-ish. You\u2019ll always be there at 6:55. Even when you\u2019ve sent a text with your sincere apologies that you\u2019ll probably be late, you\u2019ll still be there at 6:55. [PAR] 10. You have a very strong opinion about beer. [PAR] This opinion strongly varies depending on your birthplace though. It is a little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] True or False Pope: Part II: CAN THE CHURCH JUDGE A ... True or False Pope: Part II: CAN THE CHURCH JUDGE A HERETICAL POPE? [PAR] CAN THE CHURCH JUDGE A HERETICAL POPE? [PAR] Part II [PAR] Derksen and Cekada\u2019s Avoidance of [PAR] the Second and Third Opinions [PAR] (in Bellarmine\u2019s De Romano Pontifice) [PAR] For years, apologists of the Sedevacantist sect have been quoting ad nauseam the Fourth and Fifth Opinions of St. Bellarmine\u2019s De Romano Pontifice to support their position that the Papal See is vacant. They claim that because Bellarmine said, in response to the Fourth Opinion, that \u201ca manifest heretic is ipso facto deposed,\u201d it must mean that if individual Catholics personally \u201cdiscern\u201d that a Pope is a heretic, it must also mean he is not a true Pope. We have tried in vain to explain to them that the ipso facto loss of office (which itself is only an opinion) would only follow the Church\u2019s judgment of manifest heresy, and would certainly not happen while the Church continues to recognize him as Pope. We have cited quotation after quotation to demonstrate this (in our book and articles), including the thorough teaching of Fr. Pietro Ballerini (an adherent of Bellarmine\u2019s position) who fleshed out Bellarmine\u2019s position by showing precisely how the Pope would become a \u201cmanifest heretic\u201d according to the Church\u2019s judgment (Fr. Ballerini\u2019s explanation is identical to how we ourselves explain it, and reveals how the Pope loses his office without the Church inappropriately \u201cjudging\u201d the Pope). [PAR] But none of this has made it through to our adversaries. They continue to insist that the Pope\u2019s ipso facto fall from office for heresy (which, again, is only an opinion) does not require (and follow) the Church's judgment, and that the secret loss of office can be privately \"discerned\" by any Catholic Tom, Dick and Harry in the street. Notwithstanding all the evidence we have presented to the contrary, our opponents obstinately maintain that it is up to each individual Catholic in the pew to determine, for themselves, if God had secretly deposed the Pope for the \u201csin\u201d of heresy. These heresy sleuths then write articles instructing other laymen how they too can \u201cdiscern\u201d if a Pope has fallen into heresy and been secretly deposed by God. Those enlightened ones who discover the hidden \u201ctruth\u201d through the Sedevacantist gnosis will then join them as part of the true remnant of \u201cthe invisible Church of true believers, known to God alone\u201d (i.e., the \u201cSedevacantists\u201d). [PAR] Now, what is interesting about all this is that, for reasons that will become evident as we proceed, the Sedevacantists have only published the Fourth and Fifth Opinions from Bellarmine\u2019s treatise, and never bothered to translate the Second and Third Opinions, to see what Bellarmine had to say about these (at least not until we forced them to do so by quoting them in our book and articles). And these Opinions are very short, each consisting of only one paragraph, as opposed to the much longer Fourth and Fifth Opinions, which they did take the time to translate. Why is it that Fr. Cekada, for example, never bothered to provide his readers with these two additional paragraphs, from the Second and Third Opinions, in any of his articles or videos defending Sedevacantism? Is it because they are simply irrelevant? Quite the contrary; they are extremely relevant, as we will see. Was it because he had never actually read Bellarmine\u2019s book that contained these opinions, but simply relied on what was available online, like so many of his Sedevacantist colleagues? Nope."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pope Francis and the Rose Prophecy - Michael McClellan Pope Francis and the Rose Prophecy [PAR] [PAR] Pope Francis and the Rose Prophecy [PAR] For Internet Explorer 8, 9, 10, and 11 browsers: This page is best viewed on wide screens [PAR] zoomed at 125% magnification with text size set at \"larger\" option. [PAR] This page is now formatted for IE 10 and 11 at 125% zoom, \"larger\" text. [PAR] [PAR] Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum. Habemus Papam! [PAR] Qui sibi nomen imposuit: Franciscum, 'Ingis ardens' [PAR] Nostradamus, Quatrain 2.97 ~ [PAR] Romain Pontife garde de t'approcher, [PAR] De la cit\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd que deux fleuves arrouse, [PAR] Ton sang viendras aupres de l\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd cracher, [PAR] Toi & les tiens quand fleurira la Rose. [PAR] Roman Pontiff beware of approaching, [PAR] The city that two rivers arrouse, [PAR] Your blood will come from the spitting, [PAR] You and yours when the Rose will flourish. [PAR] The Third Secret of Fatima (excerpt) ~ [PAR] And we saw in an immense light ... a Bishop dressed in White. We had the impression that it was the Holy Father. Other Bishops, Priests, men and women Religious going up a steep mountain, at the top of which there was a big Cross of rough-hewn trunks as of a cork-tree with the bark; before reaching there the Holy Father passed through a big city half in ruins and half trembling with halting step, afflicted with pain and sorrow, he prayed for the souls of the corpses he met on his way; having reached the top of the mountain, on his knees at the foot of the big Cross he was killed by a group of soldiers who fired bullets and arrows at him, and in the same way there died one after another the other Bishops, Priests, men and women Religious, and various lay people of different ranks and positions. [PAR] [PAR] Updated: June 28, 2016 (5:33 PM EDT). [PAR] LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: A page of this type can no longer stand alone without creating great confusion. As time has passed it has doubtlessly become more difficult to distinguish the established prophecies concerning the office of the Pope and the future of the Vatican on the one hand, and news events regarding the current Pope and how they may or may not be applied to these established prophecies on the other. Because of this, there have been instances where the same material has had to appear on this page twice. [PAR] There should be TWO pages, in other words. [PAR] This page should deal with the BACKGROUND of established papal prophecies and the background of the current pope (in this case Pope Francis). This information will never change unless the current pope dies or retires and another pope is elected. [PAR] The second page should deal with events like controversial statements made by the Pope or upcoming papal visits wherever they can be applied to prophecy. [PAR] We will call this second page Pope Francis and the Rose Prophecy: The Current View . [PAR] Henceforth, you will see a link section at this location, with a brief summary of the news to be discussed. You will click on it to get to Pope Francis and the Rose Prophecy: The Current View where the news event(s) will be discussed in greater detail in prophetic analysis. If there is anything in discussion that is not easily understood, refer back to the background information on this page. [PAR] Bear with me, some fine tuning will still need to be done. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Nostradamus, Quatrain 2.97: The Prophecy of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nelsons Column in Trafalgar Square London Attractions Nelsons Column in Trafalgar Square London Attractions [PAR] Discount London hotels [PAR] Nelsons Column Trafalgar Square London England [PAR] Nelsons column is located literally in the heart of Trafalgar Square London. William Railton was commissioned to build it and the origional model is not exactly the same as the full size version. It took 3 years to put up. Lord Admiral Horaio Neslon is a great British naval hero. Nelson's Column is a memorial produced after his victory and unfortunate death at the battle of Trafalgar. [PAR] History of Nelsons Column [PAR] After Nelson's death, he became such a hero in the United Kingdom that the government decided to commemorate both the importance of the battle and the popularity of the victor. The Nelson Memorial Committee was founded in 1838 to raise money for a memorial to Nelson. They also invited people to design an appropriate monument. The architect William Railton won the commission later that year. [PAR] William Railton's Original Model [PAR] Railton's proposal and model had a gray marble base, but showed some details not featured in the finished monument. It had an additional flight of steps in front of the monument. Any visitor would have had to walk up this flight to reach its foot. [PAR] The model is on display in The National Maritime Museum . It was loaned to the Museum in 1958 by a London steeplejack who had bought the model from a stonemason some years earlier. [PAR] The Heart of Trafalgar Square [PAR] Such a monument as Nelson's column needed a place to embrace it. The main commercial districts of the city of London are built around Trafalgar Square and Piccadilly Square. Between 1829 and 1843, John Nash designed London's Trafalgar Square. Around the sides of the square are the church of St Martin's in the fields and the National Gallery. The latter houses one of the world's richest collections of paintings. [PAR] Nelson's column remains in Trafalgar Square to this day. The square is overrun daily by pigeons. It is a major tourist attraction in London. Although one can not see any specific detail of the statue, it still impresses visitors. It can be seen from a great distance. Also the streets of Whitehall and Charing Cross flow from it. [PAR] The building of the monument began in 1840. It took three years to erect. Dominating Trafalgar Square, is the column that is over 180 feet high. Acanthus leaves, cast from British cannons decorate the top. At the base are four bronze relief panels cast from armaments captured from the French. These panels depict the four great victories of Admiral Nelson. In 1843, just before Nelson's statue was placed on the top of the column, 14 stonemasons held a dinner on the flat top of the supporting column. [PAR] An 18-foot high statue of Nelson stands on top of the column. [PAR] The four great lions at the base of the column seem to guard it. These were added later in 1868. They are made of bronze and designed by Edwin Landseer. [PAR] The monument was at one point sold to an American by a Scottish con man. [PAR] Admiral Horatio Nelson - History of a Hero of the British Navy [PAR] Born in 1758, he was made commander in chief of the British fleet in May 1803. This great man fought valiantly for his country many times and won many notable naval battles. This came at the personal cost of losing an arm and one eye. Admiral Horatio Nelson's last and most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Busiest Stations on the London Underground | MapsData The Busiest Stations on the London Underground | MapsData [PAR] The Busiest Stations on the London Underground [PAR] Previous Next [PAR] Project Description [PAR] With the Tube\u2019s 150th anniversary celebrated this year it seemed pertinent to see how the oldest metro system in the world was performing. To that end the visualization shows data on the number of people using each London Underground station on a typical day. [PAR] The three largest show the great transport hubs of the capital, with trains leading all over the country and on to Europe: Waterloo, Victoria and King\u2019s Cross St. Pancras. The streets of excellent shopping are obvious from the activity at Oxford Circus, and further down the draw of the West End has given a boost to Leicester Square and Piccadilly Circus above their immediate neighbors. [PAR] Among the surprises is the relative paucity of traffic through Baker Street, a frequent stop for those venturing deeper into the capital thanks to its placement on five separate lines. Despite its history \u2014 it is among the train stations passed on that first journey 150 years ago \u2014 it is now a junction in the middle of the journey rather than a destination in its own right. [PAR] Feel free to interrogate the data above, have a look at your own commute, or if you wish to look in greater detail, click the button to jump straight to the application, or read below for how you might do it yourself. [PAR] Try now [PAR] Locating the data [PAR] Transport for London offers an abundance of data on its performance, including live updates on current transport movements and performance figures for each of its major transport networks. The figures we wanted on the Underground\u2019s total entry and exit figures came from the TFL website\u2019s corporate section . [PAR] This gave us the average traffic in and out of the station on a weekday or weekend, allowing us to not only compare the volume of people moving through each station but also how it changes over the week. Visualizing the data, however, requires the precise locations of each station. [PAR] The coordinates of latitude and longitude for each station we found on Openstreetmaps , a website dedicated to open source mapping information ideal for our purposes. Now we were ready to structure the data into a readable form so that Mapsdata can visualize it. [PAR] Structuring data: [PAR] The data then needed to be combined and structured for it to import correctly. Excel\u2019s VLookup function allows you to match each station with the equivalent location quickly, which accounts for most of the work, and beyond that all that is required is insuring clear column titles on a single row, with no extraneous columns. You only need the station name, the coordinates for the location, and the relevant data, with a single row for column titles. For a more complete demonstration of how we did, watch the video at the bottom of the page. The image details how the prepared data should appear, and if you wish to try visualizing for yourself you may download the finished data by clicking the button below. [PAR] Download Data [PAR] Visualizing data [PAR] Now the data is ready to visualize. We loaded the data into the Mapsdata app, and were able to visualize a bubblemap that represented the weekday footfall at each station and switch quickly between the other data sets, comparing weekday traffic to weekend or comparing the annual totals. If you wish to see how we did"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter Pan - Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity History | Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity [PAR] Barrie requested that the amount raised from Peter Pan should never be revealed, and the hospital has always honoured his wishes. [PAR] Legacy [PAR] Although he and his wife were childless, Barrie loved children and had supported Great Ormond Street Hospital for many years. [PAR] In 1929 he was approached to sit on a committee to help buy some land so that the hospital could build a much needed new wing. Barrie declined to serve on the committee but said that he \"hoped to find another way to help\". [PAR] Two months later, the hospital board was stunned to learn that Sir James had handed over all his rights to Peter Pan. [PAR] At a Guildhall dinner later that year Barrie, as host, claimed that Peter Pan had been a patient in Great Ormond Street Hospital and that \"it was he who put me up to the little thing I did for the hospital\". [PAR] JM Barrie dedication plaque [PAR] So began the enduring link between the author and the children of Great Ormond Street Hospital. [PAR] On 14 December 1929, at Barrie\u2019s suggestion, the cast of a London production of Peter Pan came to the hospital and they played out the nursery scene for the children, the first of a long tradition. [PAR] Peter Pan archives and memorials [PAR] Peter Pan and memorials to J M Barrie can be found throughout the hospital, for example: [PAR] A bronze statue of Peter Pan and Tinker Bell outside the hospital entrance. [PAR] A plaque dedicated to Barrie in the hospital chapel (unveiled in 1938 by J B Priestley). [PAR] Tinker Bell play area in Octav Botnar Wing. [PAR] A tiled mural created and donated by the art students of the University of Wolverhampton. [PAR] You can view some of these archives and memorials in our Peter Pan photo gallery . [PAR] Please note that the hospital is not a public place and some of the memorials are not accessible to the general public."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Royal Wake-Up Call - Shady Old Lady's Guide to London A Royal Wake-Up Call [PAR] A Royal Wake-Up Call [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II meets Michael Fagan for a chat in her bedroom [PAR] Location: Buckingham Palace, SW1A 1AA [PAR] Description: On July 9th 1982, Queen Elizabeth II was woken through unfamiliar means...on this occasion the Royal carriage clock did not chime... [PAR] Rather the Queen was awoken by a dishevelled and inebriated looking Michael Fagan, mumbling to himself and swigging a bottle of wine stolen from the Royal cellars. The unemployed builder just wanted a chat and unfortunately, the Queen was in no position to refuse. [PAR] Being a little worse for wear, Michael's request for a smoke to partner his fine bottle of wine was the Royal chance to raise the alarm and summon help. [PAR] Michael Fagan was not charged for trespassing in the Queen's bedroom since it was then a civil offence and proceedings would have compromised the Queen's position as head of state and was acquitted of stealing wine from Buckingham Palace in June. [PAR] Michael went on to claim that he broke in to test the security system and found it wanting...wanting what, a drink!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Batman\" Deep Freeze (TV Episode 1966) - IMDb \"Batman\" Deep Freeze (TV Episode 1966) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The press continues to attack Batman and Robin, thanks to framing by Mr. Freeze. As public animosity mounts, the Dynamic Duo decide to hang up their capes for the time being. But when Mr. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] George Waggner (as george waGGner) [PAR] Writers: [PAR] Max Hodge , Bob Kane (based upon characters appearing in \"Batman\" and \"Detective\" comics magazines created by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 1123 titles [PAR] created 17 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 6221 titles [PAR] created 19 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 307 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 121 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 4130 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Deep Freeze \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Deep Freeze (10 Nov 1966) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The press continues to attack Batman and Robin, thanks to framing by Mr. Freeze. As public animosity mounts, the Dynamic Duo decide to hang up their capes for the time being. But when Mr. Freeze demands the impossible sum of one billion dollars, or else he will cover all of Gotham City with ice, the Caped Crusaders feel compelled to go back into action to foil the frosty villain. Written by Twenty Penguins [PAR] 10 November 1966 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Otto Preminger was considered a particularly difficult guest star on this series and the shooting of the conclusion of the final fight scene of this episode was when he was most irritating. In the scene, Batman and Robin have to help up Mr. Freeze who is in dire medical straits and barely conscious from overheating with his refrigerating collar being lost. Acting etiquette generally requires when that an actor is lifted up while performing, he is expected to subtly help the lifting actors by partially getting on his feet to reduce the load. In this case, Preminger instead remained limp throughout the scene and Adam West and Burt Ward had to carry him for real the entire time. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Bruce Wayne : Nothing has ever cut me so deeply to the quick. No blow ever struck by any arch-villain has ever hurt me so acutely as that little boy's boo. [PAR] (Youngstown,Ohio) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] \"Deep Freeze\" finds the Caped Crusaders avoiding the Frosty Freezies treatment by opening the steam valve with their feet, but in the wake of unpleasant rumors tarnishing their reputations, Batman decides it's time to hang up their capes and cowls. Meanwhile, Mister Freeze (Otto Preminger), believing the Dynamic Duo to be on ice for good, implements his diabolical scheme to hold Gotham City for a cool billion dollar ransom, or face being frozen solid in 90 degree summer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blake's 7 series 3 episode 13 - Terminal | Den of Geek Blake's 7 series 3 episode 13 - Terminal | Den of Geek [PAR] Blake's 7 series 3 episode 13 - Terminal [PAR] Darkness descends on our favourite freedom fighters as their original leader hoves back into view... [PAR] j [PAR] THE PLOT [PAR] Avon is behaving oddly. Alone on the flight deck, he refuses to let any of the other Liberator crewmembers join him, and is receiving mysterious messages from an unknown source. [PAR] Fed up of all the mystery, Tarrant confronts Avon, who tells him that he would like to be alone for a little longer. Angry that Avon has changed course without telling anyone, Tarrant reluctantly leaves the bridge at Avon's 'request'. When Avon eventually does emerge from the bridge, he confesses that he has no idea where they are going. [PAR] The others immediately demand Zen to tell them what is going on, but Avon has blocked any forthcoming information. En route to their unknown destination is a cloud of fluid particles. At the moment, there is no way of telling whether the particles are dangerous or not, but a returning Avon demands that they stay on course. [PAR] Tarrant demands that Avon tells them what is going on or they will stop him, but Avon threatens to shoot him if he does not get out of his way. A shaken Tarrant takes his place with the others as they hold on during the turbulent ride through the cloud. Emerging from the particles, Zen informs the crew that there is no damage. But little known to the others, the hull of the Liberator has started to slowly rot away with some kind of chemical... [PAR] Still unaware of his destination, Avon is told by Vila that there is a nearby planet. The planet is Terminal, which Tarrant explains is an artificial planet, an experiment that was apparently abandoned 400 years ago. [PAR] Terminal was used to study accelerated evolution of life on Earth, but the crew are baffled as to why Avon is so keen to teleport down there. Avon prepares to leave and tells the others that he will go down alone and will make regular contact. He adds that if they do not hear from him, then they are to leave without him, much to the others' protests. Adamant that he will carry out his task alone, Avon says that if anyone follows him, he will kill them. Dayna teleports him down to a forbidding, windy, woodland area, where an ominous heartbeat like sound fills the air. [PAR] Tarrant and Cally also teleport down, slightly out of Avon's range, to follow him. Avon is monitored by a man and a woman, Toron (Richard Clifford) and Reeval (Heather Wright) as they track his progress. Avon makes his way to a small pyramid that opens to reveal a guide sphere (voiced by David Healy). [PAR] The sphere orders that Avon identify himself and when he does, the sphere guides him to a large, futuristic bunker that leads down to an underground set of modern tunnels. Following Toron and Reeval, Cally and Tarrant watch helplessly as they are torn apart by a group of native creatures called Links. Determined to follow Avon, they make their way to the bunker, and warding off more angry Links, they too, descend to the tunnels. [PAR] On the Liberator, though, a horrified Vila and Dayna have found that the ship has broken out in large, rapidly spreading patches of mould that seem to be eating away into every"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Prisoner (TV Series 1967\u20131968) - IMDb The Prisoner (TV Series 1967\u20131968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 13 January 2017 5:53 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After resigning, a secret agent is abducted and taken to what looks like an idyllic village, but is really a bizarre prison. His warders demand information. He gives them nothing, but only tries to escape. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Number 6 vows revenge and goes after a sadistic Number 2 after he drives a fellow village resident to her death. [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] After resigning, a secret agent finds himself trapped in a bizarre prison known only as The Village. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Number 6 wakes up to find the Village totally deserted. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 10 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 23 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 24 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 21 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2015 [PAR] Search for \" The Prisoner \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: The Prisoner (1967\u20131968) [PAR] 8.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Two years after the original \"Danger Man\" series concluded, it was revamped and retconned. The series returned in a longer format. (1 hour/episode instead of 30 minutes). John Drake was now... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Patrick McGoohan, Peter Madden, Earl Cameron [PAR] John Drake is a special operative for NATO, specializing in security assignments against any subversive element which threatened world peace. The series featured exotic locales from all ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Patrick McGoohan, Richard Wattis, Lionel Murton [PAR] The Prisoner (TV Mini-Series 2009) [PAR] Drama | Sci-Fi | Thriller [PAR] An update to the cult favorite series from the 1960s about a government agent who is kidnapped and sent to a remote island known as \"the Village\". [PAR] Stars: Ian McKellen, Jim Caviezel, Ruth Wilson [PAR] A quirky spy show of the adventures of an eccentricly suave British agent and his predominately female partners. [PAR] Stars: Patrick Macnee, Diana Rigg, Honor Blackman [PAR] John Steed and his new accomplices Purdey and Gambit find themselves facing new and deadly dangers in the bizarre world of espionage. Mixing fantasy with a darker edge, the trio face ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Patrick Macnee, Gareth Hunt, Joanna Lumley [PAR] English Lord Brett Sinclair and American Danny Wilde are both wealthy playboys, they are teamed together by Judge Fullton to investigate crimes which the police can't solve. These two men ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Tony Curtis, Roger Moore, Laurence Naismith [PAR] Simon Templar, a wealthy adventurer known as The Saint, travels around the world in his white Volvo P1800S. [PAR] Stars: Roger Moore, Ivor Dean, Leslie Crawford [PAR] Series of unrelated short stories covering elements of crime, horror, drama and comedy about people of different species committing murders, suicides, thefts and other sorts of crime caused by certain motivations; perceived or not. [PAR] Stars: Alfred Hitchcock, Harry Tyler, John Williams"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star Trek McCoy, Leonard H. Star Trek McCoy, Leonard H. [PAR] STARFLEET HISTORICAL FILE: McCoy, Leonard H. [PAR] Mid-level Biography Brief Mode [PAR] Full Name: Leonard H. McCoy, M.D. [PAR] Year of birth: 2227 [PAR] Parents: Mr. and Mrs. David McCoy [PAR] Education: University of Mississippi, 2245-49; medical school, 2249-53 [PAR] Marital status: Divorced [PAR] Quarters: Original Enterprise : 3F 127 [PAR] Starfleet Career Summary [PAR] 2266 \u2013 As lieutenant commander, named chief medical officer under Capt. James T. Kirk [PAR] 2270 \u2013 Retires to private medical practice [PAR] 2271 \u2013 Returns to duty under Starfleet reactivation clause, promoted to commander as chief medical officer on refit U.S.S. Enterprise for V'Ger mission [PAR] 2285 \u2013 As Academy medical faculty and training instructor, forced into Genesis mission; detained over leaks regarding secret Genesis Project [PAR] 2286 \u2013 Charged but cleared with shipmates in theft of U.S.S. Enterprise [PAR] 2287 \u2013 Returns to active Enterprise service under Kirk [PAR] 2293 \u2013 Participated in Khitomer peace mission after liberation from Klingon Rura Penthe prison [PAR] 2364 \u2013 As retired admiral, gave inspection tour of Galaxy-class U.S.S. Enterprise upon departure [PAR] Nicknamed 'Bones' by his longtime friend and commander, Captain James T. Kirk, McCoy replaced Mark Piper as chief medical officer in 2266 on one of the ship's five-year missions but clearly became the most renowned of its CMOs. By that first year he had already won the commendations of the Legion of Honor, awards of valor, and was decorated by Starfleet Surgeons. [PAR] His temperament was sometimes argumentative, a cynic's outer crustiness masking deep caring beneath the surface. His \"old South\" roots led to the old-time physician manner of doctoring, with a Southern accent that was most apparent when under stress. He distrusts transporter technology and travels by shuttlecraft whenever possible. [PAR] McCoy was married once and later divorced, a relationship never discussed except for his one daughter, Joanna, who later graduated from nursing school. In the era before ship's counselors, McCoy played his role as psychologist expertly to the hilt \u2014 especially for the ship's two senior officers. As such an emotional watchdog he was not afraid to take on his captain, but it was his running battle of wits with Spock which became legendary. Spock showed his true feelings, though, as when inviting McCoy down to Vulcan for his \"wedding\" and in storing his katra with him before a known suicidal saving of their ship before the Genesis detonation. [PAR] McCoy contracted the always-fatal xenopolycythemia and retired from Starfleet in 2369 to spend his remaining days on the asteroid ship, Yonada , and that world's high priestess, Natira \u2014 whom he soon married. By exploring Yonada's computers, Spock found a cure for xenopolycythemia and McCoy left Natira to return to the service. Earlier, McCoy had been infected with the strange 'aging' virus that infected the Gamma Hydra IV landing party. [PAR] After the U.S.S. Enterprise's triumphant return from its five-year mission, McCoy retired from Starfleet, grew a beard and went into virtual seclusion with a rural practice, only to be forced back to duty by Kirk and Admiral Nogura when V'Ger threatened Earth in 2271. After that he continued through the years of renewed Enterprise service with Kirk until at least the Khitomer peace talks of 2293, having survived imprisonment with him on trumped-up charges at the Rura Penthe mining prison when he could not revive assassinated Klingon Chancellor Gorkon . Spock's deposit of his katra in 2285 had nearly driven McCoy crazy and landed him in Starfleet detention until the refusion took place, whereupon he delighted in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 10 Best 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' Episodes The 10 Best 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' Episodes [PAR] Season 3, Episode 6 [PAR] 20th Century Fox [PAR] 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' may have more gravitas than its goofy title would suggest, but it never shied away from getting downright silly when an episode called for it. Season three's 'Band Candy' is probably one of the goofiest episodes of the entire series, but it's also one of the funniest, showcasing the writing staff's tremendous wit and the range of the show's supporting cast. The episode deals with a dark enchantment forcing the adults of Sunnydale to revert to their teenage mentalities, transforming the likes of Giles, Mrs. Summers and Principal Snyder into hilarious alternate versions of themselves. As awesome as it is to see Anthony Stewart Head pull off a \"bad boy\" thing, the episode more than earns its place on its list for Armin Shimerman's sad, pathetic and totally endearing take on his normally cruel character. [PAR] 9 [PAR] Season 5, Episode 7 [PAR] 20th Century Fox [PAR] Everyone loves an anti-hero, so its no surprise that James Marsden's Spike managed to gracefully transform from evil Big Bad to sympathetic and noble hero. However, the greatest gift the show gave the character was never losing sight of his grim origins. We love the character enough to try to forget that he's a mass murdering vampire, but the show always reminds us of what he is, letting him keep his edge. In season five's 'Fool For Love,' Buffy asks for his firsthand account of the two occasions where he murdered previous Vampire Slayers, resulting in flashbacks that manage to be simultaneously badass and horrifying. With characters who are immortal, 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' was always free to play fast and loose with its timeline and it was never used to better effect than here. [PAR] 8 [PAR] Season 6, Episodes 21 and 22 [PAR] 20th Century Fox [PAR] Season six of 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' is famously controversial among fans, with many viewers calling foul on the darker tone and more realistic and unsettling situations that Buffy and her friends face. However, all of the desperate and less fantastical horror eventually builds to one of the show's greatest arcs. Yep, we're talking about the episodes where Willow's girlfriend is murdered and she goes evil and attempts to destroy the world. Rather than a cackling supervillain, the show forces the characters (and us!) to confront a newly minted bad guy who was (and deep down, still is), the sweetest and gentlest character in the ensemble. The results may not be as epic as other season finales in scope, but it's about as emotionally devastating and moving as anything the show has ever done. Can anyone look at crayons the same way after Xander's big speech? [PAR] 7 [PAR] Season 4, Episode 10 [PAR] 20th Century Fox [PAR] In addition to being one of the scariest episodes of TV ever produced, 'Hush' showcases everything that makes 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' one of the best shows of all time. It's a high concept idea anchored by genuinely likable characters. It's terrifying while maintaining its wicked sense of humor. It's built on a gimmick (No dialogue! Villains who look like they came out of a silent movie!) but it works overtime to actually move the plot forward. Few shows have the raw nerve to make a seemingly jokey episode pay off dividends in a season's overarching story, but 'Buffy' did it, did it often and did it better than anyone else. [PAR] 6 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Six Million Dollar Man (TV Series 1974\u20131978) - IMDb The Six Million Dollar Man (TV Series 1974\u20131978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Six Million Dollar Man [PAR] 1h [PAR] After a crippled test pilot is rebuilt with nuclear powered limbs and implants, he serves as a unique intelligence agent. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] With Jaime Sommers critically injured, Steve Austin races to Dr. Franklin's secret hideout to find the kidnapped Oscar Goldman. Austin plans to rescue his friend and boss despite Oscar's own orders ... [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] When an object tracks across the sky and lands in a remote area in Wyoming, Oscar and Steve arrive on the scene and find that a Russian space probe built to withstand the extreme Venus environment ... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] With time running out, Steve must do anything he can to disable the Russian space probe in spite of the fact that it is virtually indestructible and has numerous inventive capabilities that it uses ... [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 11 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 29 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 24 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: The Six Million Dollar Man (1974\u20131978) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] After fully recovering from her near fatal bout of bionic rejection, Jaime Sommers, the first female cyborg, is assigned to spy missions of her own. [PAR] Stars: Lindsay Wagner, Richard Anderson, Martin E. Brooks [PAR] After an astronaut/test pilot is catastrophically mutilated in a test plane crash, he is rebuilt and equipped with nuclear powered bionic limbs and implants. [PAR] Director: Richard Irving [PAR] The adventures of a film stunt performer who moonlights as a bounty hunter when movie work is slow. [PAR] Stars: Lee Majors, Douglas Barr, Heather Thomas [PAR] The adventures of three sexy female private eyes. [PAR] Stars: Kate Jackson, Farrah Fawcett, Jaclyn Smith [PAR] The adventures of two California Highway Patrol motorcycle officers. [PAR] Stars: Erik Estrada, Larry Wilcox, Robert Pine [PAR] Two streetwise cops bust criminals in their red-and-white Ford Torino, with the help of police snitch, Huggy Bear. [PAR] Stars: David Soul, Paul Michael Glaser, Antonio Fargas [PAR] Accounts of visitors to a unique resort island in the Pacific Ocean that can fulfill literally any fantasy requested, but rarely turn out as expected. [PAR] Stars: Ricardo Montalban, Herv\u00e9 Villechaize, Christopher Hewett [PAR] The adventures of a Hawaii based private investigator. [PAR] Stars: Tom Selleck, John Hillerman, Roger E. Mosley [PAR] The adventures of the fast-drivin', rubber-burnin' Duke boys of Hazzard County. [PAR] Stars: Tom Wopat, John Schneider, Catherine Bach [PAR] The globe-trotting adventures of amateur detectives Jonathan and Jennifer Hart. [PAR] Stars: Robert Wagner, Stefanie Powers, Lionel Stander [PAR] Two brothers of disparate tastes and manners run a private detective agency. [PAR] Stars: Jameson Parker, Gerald McRaney, Mary Carver [PAR] A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fox Mulder - X-Files Wiki - Wikia Fox Mulder | X-Files Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] David Duchovny [PAR] Fox William \"Spooky\" Mulder is a highly skilled FBI Special Agent who brought his often-criticized method of formulating unconventional theories to the X-files . ( TXF : \" Pilot \", et al.) [PAR] He was dismissed from the FBI in 2001 and, in 2002 , he went on the run from the law with his former partner, Dana Scully . ( TXF : \" Vienen \", \" The Truth \") In 2008 , he complied with a request from the FBI to assist, in an unofficial capacity, with the investigation of a single case. ( The X-Files: I Want to Believe ) In 2016 , he returned to the FBI and along with Scully they reopened the X-files and resumed their investigations into them. ( TXF : \" My Struggle \") [PAR] He was raised as the son of William and Teena Mulder , and brother of Samantha Mulder . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Childhood and Teenage Years [PAR] Fox Mulder was born on Friday, October 13, 1961 , in Chilmark , Martha's Vineyard . ( TXF : \" Paper Clip \", \" Dreamland II \") [PAR] An early photograph of young Fox Mulder with his mother. [PAR] His first words were \" JFK \", when aged 11 months. ( TXF : \" Musings of a Cigarette-Smoking Man \") He was four years old when his sister, Samantha, was born. ( TXF : \" Paper Clip \") [PAR] The Mulders had a summer house in Quonochontaug , Rhode Island , where the children often played on the grass while William Mulder, Fox's father, would go water-skiing with C.G.B. Spender on the water nearby. ( TXF : \" Demons \", \" Talitha Cumi \") The Mulders had a rope swing out in their backyard, but didn't have a modem, fax machine or a cell phone. ( TXF : \" Paper Hearts \", \" Home \") [PAR] It can probably be assumed that the family didn't have those devices because the technology hadn't been invented yet. However, this assumption is not established nor disproved by episode information. [PAR] From early in his youth, Fox wanted a peg leg. He gave the idea a lot of thought and eventually came to the belief that, if he had a peg leg or hooks for hands, other people might not expect him to achieve anything more than to simply keep on living, braving facing life with his disability. Fox never grew out of his boyhood desire for a peg leg and, in 1996 , he still suspected it would have its advantages. ( TXF : \" Quagmire \") [PAR] Young Fox Mulder had several nightmares from which he awakened in the middle of the night, thinking he was the only person left in the world. The loud crunching from his father eating sunflower seeds in the family's study reassured Fox that he was not alone. ( TXF : \" Aubrey \") [PAR] In Fox's childhood, he and his father were Indian Guides. ( TXF : \" Detour \") [PAR] One day when he was climbing a tree, Fox had an up-close encounter with a praying mantis . Although he initially thought the mantis was a leaf, he screamed when he realized the insect's true nature. He later remembered that his scream wasn't a \"girlie\" one, but of a person being \"confronted by some before unknown monster that had no right existing on the same planet [he] inhabited.\" He was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster - Hitchhikers - Wikia Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster | Hitchhikers | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] The Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster [PAR] The best place to get one, if you can afford it. [PAR] \"After two of those babies, the dullest, most by-the-book Vogon will be up on the bar in stilettos, yodeling mountain shanties and swearing he's the king of the Gray Binding Fiefdoms of Saxaquine\" [PAR] \u2014On the drink's effects [src] [PAR] The Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster is an alcoholic beverage invented by ex-President of the Universe Zaphod Beeblebrox , considered by the Guide to be the \"Best Drink in Existence\" [1] . Its effects are similar to \"having your brains smashed in by a slice of lemon wrapped round a large gold brick\". [PAR] Beeblebrox advised that you should \"never drink more than two Pan Galactic Gargle Blasters unless you are a thirty ton mega elephant with bronchial pneumonia\". [1] However, Ford Prefect ignored this advice and consumed three Pan Galactic Gargle Blasters while at Milliways . [2] [PAR] Mixing Instructions[DOC] [TLE] A quote from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy - Goodreads Quote by Douglas Adams: \u201cThe Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy also ment...\u201d [PAR] Douglas Adams > Quotes > Quotable Quote [PAR] \u201cThe Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy also mentions alcohol. It says that the best drink in existence is the Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster, the effect of which is like having your brains smashed out with a slice of lemon wrapped round a large gold brick.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 100 Showtunes - Top Music Lists - MyListPad.com Top 100 Showtunes - Top Music Lists - MyListPad.com [PAR] Top 100 Showtunes [PAR] Posted: May 10, 2014 at 6:08 pm / by musicalist / comments (15) [PAR] tags: [PAR] I like showtunes, in fact it\u2019s pretty much the only kind of music I listen to. This has created a problem in my young life. All too often when meeting a peer and we engage in the traditional small talk (\u201cHow old are you?\u201d \u201cWhat school do you go to?\u201d) It is never long before I am inevitably asked what kind of music I listen to. I say showtunes\u2026..I get blank stares. [PAR] To be fair, most people my age don\u2019t even really know what I mean by \u201cshowtunes\u201d, odds are they know nobody their age who actively listens to them. Even those who can identify showtunes as songs performed in stage plays can only conjure up an image of a straight laced hunk belting \u201cOh what a beautiful morning\u201d\u2026Fine song it may be\u2026It isn\u2019t an accurate example of my taste in music\u2026 [PAR] Showtunes thrill me, they stick in my head, they teach me, they make me cry\u2026The genre itself can vary within itself as much as country/western varies from rock music or even hip hop. The one thing that really distinguishes \u201cmy\u201d music is that it tells a story. Beautiful stories, tragic stories, inspiring stories\u2026and mostly love stories. There are characters, real people with real feelings that need to be told. The notes can be beautiful\u2026But in the end they are there for the story. [PAR] I find a sense of awe in the art of good storytelling, be it a great book or a great serial drama\u2026And most indications are that storytelling was the first of the human arts. So when it comes to music, listening to different bands has never done it for me. The songs are too simple, too self contained, they lack context. So this is it, this is my passion\u2026I decided to make a personal list of my 100 favorite showtunes. I did not expect this mini project to suck me in so much\u2026But I now lay it before you. [PAR] If you\u2019re looking for the list of 100 classic Broadway songs, click here . [PAR] Important Stuff (What to expect!) [PAR] Truth be told, I didn\u2019t think picking 100 songs would be that hard\u2026.I thought the painstaking part would be putting them in their proper order. My first task was to select my musicals\u2026I went through several lists and picked about 85 shows. When it came time to nominate a few of my very favorite songs from these shows my initial attempt gave me about 350 songs. Needless to say that had to be trimmed. [PAR] By the time I got down to about 175 songs it was painful to cut them. At first I wanted to be as representational as possible. Soon I found that this was not possible while being true to myself\u2026So let it be known now\u2026Nobody can claim to create an objective list of the best showtunes. This is my personal list. I know there are songs you think are too high on the list, too low on the list, and a million songs that didn\u2019t make the list entirely. I know I will be crucified for listing no songs from \u201cPhantom of the Opera\u201d but listed three from \u201cJekyll and Hyde\u201d. I would love to please everyone, but in my opinion not all shows are created equal. [PAR] This brings us to a few important points"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u00a1Three Amigos! (1986) - IMDb \u00a1Three Amigos! (1986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Three actors accept an invitation to a Mexican village to perform their onscreen bandit fighter roles, unaware that it is the real thing. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 16 Nov 2010 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 26 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 25 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Search for \" \u00a1Three Amigos! \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Two bumbling government employees think they are U.S. spies, only to discover that they are actually decoys for Nuclear War. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] Based on the play \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", large nosed C.D. Bales falls for the beautiful Roxanne while she falls for his personality but another man's looks. [PAR] Director: Fred Schepisi [PAR] Irwin M. \"Fletch\" Fletcher is a newspaper reporter being offered a large sum to off a cancerous millionaire, but is on the run, risking his job, and finding clues when it's clear the man is healthy. [PAR] Director: Michael Ritchie [PAR] The Griswold family's cross-country drive to the Walley World theme park proves to be much more arduous than they ever anticipated. [PAR] Director: Harold Ramis [PAR] An exclusive golf course has to deal with a brash new member and a destructive dancing gopher. [PAR] Director: Harold Ramis [PAR] A Chicago man's hope for a peaceful family vacation in the woods is shattered when the annoying in-laws drop in. [PAR] Director: Howard Deutch [PAR] A man must struggle to travel home for Thanksgiving with an obnoxious slob of a shower curtain ring salesman as his only companion. [PAR] Director: John Hughes [PAR] After receiving an inheritance in Louisiana, LA reporter Irvin Fletcher heads to the Belle Isle plantation where he gets himself into hilarious trouble. [PAR] Director: Michael Ritchie [PAR] An idiotic man struggles to make it through life on his own in St. Louis. [PAR] Director: Carl Reiner [PAR] The Griswolds win a vacation tour across Europe where the usual havoc ensues. [PAR] Director: Amy Heckerling [PAR] Bachelor and all round slob, Buck, babysits his brother's rebellious teenage daughter and her cute younger brother and sister. [PAR] Director: John Hughes [PAR] Two con men try to settle their rivalry by betting on who can swindle a young American heiress out of $50,000 first. [PAR] Director: Frank Oz [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Three out of work silent movie actors are accidentally drawn to a Mexican village that is being harassed by a gang of outlaws. The three, 'Ned', 'Lucky Day' and 'Dusty Bottoms' play 'Lone Ranger' types in their movies, but must play their parts for real now. Written by Rob Hartill [PAR] They're Down On Their Luck And Up To Their Necks In Senoritas, Margaritas, Banditos And Bullets! [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 12 December 1986 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] The Three Caballeros See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seven Stories of Apocalypse: Legend of Four Horsemen Of ... Seven Stories of Apocalypse: Legend of Four Horsemen Of Apocalypse [PAR] Jumat, 22 Juli 2011 [PAR] Legend of Four Horsemen Of Apocalypse [PAR] The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are described in the last book of the New Testament of the Bible, called the Book of Revelation of Jesus Christ to Saint John the Evangelist at 6:1-8. The chapter tells of a scroll in God's right hand that is sealed with seven seals. Jesus Christ opens the first four of the seven seals, which summons forth the four beasts that ride on white, red, black, and pale horses which each symbolize Conquest, War, Famine and Death, respectively.[1] The Christian apocalyptic vision is that the four horsemen are to set a divine apocalypse upon the world as harbingers of the Last Judgment. [PAR] White Horse [PAR] I watched as the Lamb opened the first of the seven seals. Then I heard one of the four living creatures say in a voice like thunder, \"Come and see!\" I looked, and there before me was a white horse! Its rider held a bow, and he was given a crown, and he rode out as a conqueror bent on conquest. [PAR] \u2014 Revelation 6:1-2\u02c4 NIV [PAR] Due to the above sentence (the most common translation into English), the White rider is referred to as Conquest[1] (not Pestilence, see below). The name could also be construed as \"Victory,\" per the translation found in the Jerusalem Bible. He carries a bow (but no quiver), and wears a victor's crown. [PAR] The exact nature and morality of the apocalyptic white rider is less clear. He has been argued to represent either evil or righteousness by multiple sources: [PAR] [edit] As evil [PAR] The other three horsemen represent evil, destructive forces, and given the unified way in which all four are introduced and described, it may be most likely that the first horseman is correspondingly evil. The German Stuttgarter Erkl\u00e4rungsbibel casts him as civil war and internal strife. One interpretation\u2014which was held by evangelist Billy Graham\u2014casts the rider of the white horse as the Antichrist, or a representation of false prophets, citing differences between the white horse in Revelation 6 and Jesus on the white Horse in Revelation 19.[2] In Revelation 19 Jesus has many crowns, but in Revelation 6 the rider has just one.[3] [PAR] As righteous [PAR] Irenaeus, an influential Christian theologian of the 2nd century, was among the first to interpret this horseman as Christ himself, his white horse representing the successful spread of the gospel.[4] Various scholars have since supported this theory, citing the later appearance, in Revelation 19, of Christ mounted on a white horse, appearing as The Word of God. Furthermore, earlier in the New Testament, the Book of Mark indicates that the advance of the gospel may indeed precede and foretell the apocalypse.[4][5] The color white also tends to represent righteousness in the Bible, and Christ is in other instances portrayed as a conqueror.[4][5] However, opposing interpretations argue that the first of the four horsemen is probably not the horseman of Revelation 19. They are described in significantly different ways, and Christ's role as the Lamb who opens the seven seals makes it unlikely that he would also be one of the forces released by the seals.[4][5] [PAR] Besides Christ, the horseman could represent the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit was understood to have come upon the Apostles at Pentecost after Jesus' departure from earth. The appearance of the Lamb in Revelation 5 shows the triumphant arrival of Jesus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Syria - Six-Day War Syria [PAR] Syria [PAR] Others [PAR] Syria [PAR] Syria, the most stridently hostile towards Israel of the Arab so-called \"frontline\" states in the years leading up to the 1967 war, was ruled by the Ba'ath party, which derived its ideology and institutions from the model of the European fascist states of the early twentieth century. The Ba'ath party was dominated by members of the Alawite religious minority (12% of the Syrian population) and maintained a shrill anti-Israel stance in large part to divert the discontent of Syria's Sunni majority. The president of Syria at the time was Nur al-Din al-Atasi, but future dictator Hafez Assad also wielded much influence as the defense minister and head of the air force. Syria was closely aligned with the Soviet Union and was a recipient of extensive Soviet aid. [PAR] In 1967, Syria had a population of 5.7 million. Its army numbered 100,000, and it possessed 550 tanks and 136 combat airplanes. [PAR] Prior to the Six Day War, a low intensity conflict festered between Israel and Syria. In 1964, a Syrian attempt to divert the headwaters of the Jordan River was halted by Israeli aerial bombardment. Syria also shelled Israeli communities from positions in the Golan Heights and allowed its territory to be used as a staging area for incursions into Israel by Palestinian terrorists. [PAR] On May 13, 1967, the Soviet Union relayed false information to Syria and Egypt that Israeli forces were massing on Syria's border. This prompted Syria and Egypt to activate their military pact and figured in Nasser's subsequent steps towards war. Syrian planes bombed northern Israel on June 5, the first day of the war. The following day, Syrian forces attacked the Israeli communities of Tel Dan, Kibbutz Shaar Yashuv and Ashmura but were repelled by Israeli forces. The Syrian air force unsuccessfully attempted to bomb oil refineries in Haifa. Israeli forces counter-attacked on July 9 and 10, driving the Syrians from the Golan Heights and bringing the Six Day War to a close. Estimated Syrian losses were 2500 killed, 5000 wounded, and 591 taken prisoner. [PAR] [PAR] Asad, The Sphinx of Damascus, Moshe Maoz, 1988 [PAR] Modern Syria, Moshe Maoz, 1999 [PAR] Statistical Abstract / Central Bureau of Statistics, Syrian Arab Republic 1965-1998"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Se7en (1995) - IMDb Se7en (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 16 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 02 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 26 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 07 May 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Se7en \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 25 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Demme [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] A thief, who steals corporate secrets through use of dream-sharing technology, is given the inverse task of planting an idea into the mind of a CEO. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. [PAR] Director: Frank Darabont [PAR] A computer hacker learns from mysterious rebels about the true nature of his reality and his role in the war against its controllers. [PAR] Directors: Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski [PAR] Stars: Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss [PAR] When the menace known as the Joker wreaks havoc and chaos on the people of Gotham, the caped crusader must come to terms with one of the greatest psychological tests of his ability to fight injustice. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] Following the Normandy Landings, a group of U.S. soldiers go behind enemy lines to retrieve a paratrooper whose brothers have been killed in action. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] With the help of a German bounty hunter, a freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal Mississippi plantation owner. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. [PAR] Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth [PAR] Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth [PAR] An undercover cop and a mole in the police attempt to identify each other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christmas Carols - The Twelve Days Of Christmas lyrics ... Christmas Carols - The Twelve Days Of Christmas lyrics | LyricsMode.com [PAR] The Twelve Days Of Christmas lyrics [PAR] $album_name [PAR] This song is explained by 1 writer [PAR] u [PAR] 4 [PAR] Create lyrics explanation [PAR] Select some words and click \"Explain\" button. Then type your knowledge, add image or YouTube video till \"Good-o-meter\" shows \"Cool\" or \"Awesome!\". Publish your explanation with \"Explain\" button. Get karma points! [PAR] OK, got it! [PAR] New! Read & write lyrics explanations [PAR] Click the blue-colored lyrics to read explanations. [PAR] Highlight lyrics and explain them to earn Karma points. [PAR] Christmas Carols \u2013 The Twelve Days Of Christmas lyrics [PAR] On the first day of Christmas [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the second day of Christmas [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Two turtle doves and [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the third day of Christmas [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Three french hens [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the forth day of Christmas [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Four calling birds [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the fifth day of Christmas [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Five golden rings [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the sixth day of Christmas, [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Six geese a-laying [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the seventh day of Christmas, [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Seven swans a-swimming [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the eight day of Christmas, [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Eight maids a-milking [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the ninth day of Christmas, [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Nine ladies dancing [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the tenth day of Christmas, [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Ten lords a-leaping [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the eleventh day of Christmas, [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Eleven pipers piping [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the Twelfth day of Christmas, [PAR] My true love gave to me: [PAR] Twelve drummers drumming [PAR] And a partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] Lyrics taken from http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/c/christmas_carols/the_twelve_days_of_christmas.html [PAR] Correct [PAR] Add song structure elements [PAR] Click \"Correct\" to open the \"Correction form\". There you can add structure tags, correct typos or add missing words. Send your correction and get karma points! Result of your work will appear after moderating. [PAR] OK, got it! [PAR] 0 meaning [PAR] Write about your feelings and thoughts [PAR] Know what this song is about? Does it mean anything special hidden between the lines to you? Share your meaning with community, make it interesting and valuable. Make sure you've read our simple tips [PAR] Hey! It's useful. [PAR] If this song really means something special to you, describe your feelings and thoughts. Don't hesitate to explain what songwriters and singer wanted to say. Also we collected some tips and tricks for you: [PAR] Don't write just \"I love this song.\" Hidden between the lines, words and thoughts sometimes hold many different not yet explained meanings [PAR] Remember: your meaning might be valuable for someone [PAR] Don't post links to images and links to facts [PAR] Write correctly [PAR] Don't spam"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ten Commandments (1956) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] The Ten Commandments is certainly extravagant. It was the most expensive film ever made up to that point. All exterior shots were actually photographed on location in Egypt. It employs a cast of thousands with 70 speaking parts. In an era where they really had to hire all of those people you see in the background, this was truly an epic undertaking. No computer animation. This is all practical effects. In a surprising bit of restraint, only 3 of the 10 plagues are depicted: the water turning into blood, thunder & hail storm, and killing of the oldest sons. The latter features an Angel of Death imagined as a thick, green mist that creeps through the streets claiming the lives of Egypt's firstborn sons. As memorable as that was, it pales next to one of the greatest special effects sequences of all time that follows the Exodus of over 12,000 extra. The production culminates in Moses' parting of the Red Sea in the climatic scene. Even now it's a visual feat to be admired. It was nominated for 7 Academy Awards winning 1 for Best Visual Effects. To this day, the movie is the sixth most successful ever when adjusting for inflation. It remains the yardstick by which all biblical stories must be measured.. fastfilmreviews.com [PAR] Mark Hobin [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] This was Cecil B.De Mille's last theatrical feature,with a running time of nearly four hours(basically the running time of 3 hours and 40 minutes which includes the opening overture,intermission, and exit music),this stunning and most extravagant blockbuster is full of absurdities and vulgarities,but in all aspects this star-studded widescreen Vista Vision and Technicolor spectacle is ravishing,and De Mille's form of showmanship,which includes his own narration,never falters. Charlton Heston might be said to achieve his apotheosis as Moses-unless one decides that it's Moses who's achieving his apotheosis as Heston-and most of the other in the star-studded epic which is based on the Holy Scriptures are comparably mythic. Simultaneously ludicrous and splendid,this epic is driven by the sort of personal conviction one almost never finds is subsequent Hollywood monoliths. The scenes with includes the parting of the Red Sea is one of the best special effects ever made. With its all-star cast that includes Yul Brenner(Rameses), Anne Baxter(Nefertiri), with Yvonne De Carlo(Sephora), Debra Paget(Lilia), John Derek(Joshua), Edward G. Robinson(Dathan), Cedric Hardwicke(Sethi), Nina Foch(Bithiah), Martha Scott(Yochabel). The film was nominated for an impressive Nine Oscars including Best Picture and Best Director(but lost the Best Picture Oscar to \"Around The World in 80 Days\"),and won the Oscar for Best Special Effects(John P. Fulton,with some of the effects coming from the Disney studios). If you want to see \"The Ten Commandments\",my advice is not to see this on television(since seeing it on TV around Easter time doesn't do any justice,or for that manner seeing it on DVD),but see this movie the way it was suppose to be seen.....in a movie theater equipped with full 70MM projection and experience it in full six-track stereophonic sound. [PAR] Mister Caple [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] A ceremonious 4 star. Watching the Red-sea parting sequence, you just cant stop wondering how they achieved that, with the kind of technology they had in the 50s. [PAR] Sajin P A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The X Rated James Bond Scenes | FilmNav The X Rated James Bond Scenes | FilmNav [PAR] LOGIN [PAR] The X Rated James Bond Scenes [PAR] With anticipation now high on the upcoming new James Bond film Skyfall starring Daniel Craig, will the completed film survive without any cuts? [PAR] There is a long history with the Bond films and the British Board of Film Classification, and listed below are just some of the scenes that the censors didn\u2019t want you to see. [PAR] Producers of the 007 movies had to cut scenes, redub dialogue and rewrite scripts because the British Board of Film Classification objected to some of the spy\u2019s more risque exploits. [PAR] Censors insisted on 13 separate cuts from Sean Connery\u2019s 2nd Bond film, 1963\u2019s From Russia With Love, before they would grant it a coveted A rating \u2013 allowing children to see the film if accompanied by an adult. Demands included the removal of a nude shot of Russian heroine Tatiana Romanova, played by Italian starlet Daniela Bianchi, walking towards a bed. [PAR] [PAR] Terence Young directs Sean Connery and Daniela Bianchi in the controversial From Russia with Love scene [PAR] [PAR] Seven of the cuts involved what the censors described as \u2018double entendre dialogue\u2019. A line where Romanova asks Bond, \u2018Was I as exciting as all those Western girls?\u2019 was toned down by replacing the word \u2018was\u2019 with \u2018am\u2019. [PAR] And a shot in a compartment on the Orient Express when Bond lowers a blind and tells Romanova \u2018two hours should straighten this out\u2019 was removed altogether. [PAR] During the making of Thunderball in 1965, starring Connery, the BBFC wrote to co-producer Harry Saltzman warning that unless changes were made to the script, it could end up with an X certificate. [PAR] The letter outlined 32 scenes which could be problematic because of \u2018sex and sadism\u2019, including love scenes between Bond and physiotherapist Patricia Fearing, played by British actress Molly Peters. [PAR] The BBFC warned that Fearing\u2019s costumes amounted to \u2018semi-nudity\u2019 and raised concerns about a scene in which Bond massaged her back with a mink glove. The scene was dropped from the British version. [PAR] The censor also said there could be \u2018a lot of trouble\u2019 about a \u2018gratuitous\u2019 sex scene where Bond makes love to enemy agent Fiona Volpe, played by Luciana Paluzzi, and then tells her he did it for \u2018King and country\u2019. The scene appears to have survived, however, after being toned down. [PAR] [PAR] The scene in Thunderball which was originally cut from it\u2019s UK release [PAR] [PAR] In 1969\u2019s On Her Majesty\u2019s Secret Service, starring George Lazenby, the BBFC objected when a flirtatious dinner-party guest (played by British actress Angela Scoular) wrote her room number on 007\u2032s bare inner thigh under the dinner table. Bond was originally supposed to say \u2018I have a slight stiffness\u2019 but the line was redubbed with the extra words \u2018in my shoulder\u2019 so that the erotically charged scene could remain. The edit persisted into all home video releases. [PAR] [PAR] Lazenby\u2019s `stiffness coming on\u2019 [PAR] [PAR] In 1971, Sean Connery returned in Diamonds Are Forever, following Lazenby bowing out after only outing, and this film would suffer several cuts, including a scene of a man on fire, that was cut back on the grounds that it was too harrowing. Footage of the ablaze Mr Kidd running across the deck screaming and climbing up onto the railing, as he throws himself overboard was removed, leaving just the shot of him hitting the water. When shown on TV, this scene is usually cut similarly."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Actors Who Played James Bond - Britain Explorer Actors Who Played James Bond - Britain ExplorerBritain Explorer [PAR] Actors Who Played James Bond [PAR] By: admin [PAR] Comments: Comments Off on Actors Who Played James Bond [PAR] Connery was the first actor to play James Bond in a full length feature film based on the novels by Ian Fleming and he took the world by storm. The movie \u201cDr No\u201d may seem a little dated in today\u2019s era of computer-generated special effects but in 1962 the scale and glamour of the production was literally jaw dropping. [PAR] Audiences couldn\u2019t believe their eyes and the plot based on super villains, secret weapons, global domination and exotic locations played to the phobias and fantasies of the time which were being stimulated by both the cold war and the rise of affordable international travel. [PAR] With his dark good looks and deep voice Connery was the perfect James bond Alpha male; rough, tough and handsome with a hint wry good manners and an air of global sophistication. Men wanted to be him and women wanted to be with him. Connery defined the role and made James Bond an icon of British cool. [PAR] However, by the end of the fifth film \u2013 \u2018You only Live Twice\u2019 \u2013 he\u2019d had enough and handed over the role to George Lazenby in 1969. At the time audiences and the producers were less than impressed with Lazenby and Connery was later persuaded to make two more films \u2013 only one of which was for Eon, the mainstream producers of the Bond films. Connery was 31 in 1961 when he made his first James bond film and 52 when he made his last in 1982. [PAR] GEORGE LAZENBY [PAR] \u2018On Her Majesty\u2019s Secret Service\u2019 was released in 1969 and starred George Lazenby \u2013 an Australian model turned actor. In retrospect, Lazenby actually played a very reasonable Bond but many felt he simply couldn\u2019t measure up to Sean Connery . Audience loyalty meant that Bond was Connery and Connery was Bond; anything else was simply unthinkable. The media supported public opinion and Lazenby received mediocre reviews. [PAR] Even though they were aware of this issue, the Studio offered Lazenby the chance to act in a further seven Bond films. Lazenby then received some bad management advice and was persuaded by his agent Ronan O\u2019Rahilly that the super-masculine Bond phenomena had run its course. This situation was aggravated by the relatively poor relationship that Lazenby had experienced with Peter R. Hunt the film director of OHMSS. He turned down the opportunity and Connery was offered a small fortune to return as Bond. [PAR] Modern day film critics now believe that Lazenby\u2019s portrayal of Bond was far better than was appreciated at the time. His ability to be both a tough secret agent and at the same time a sensitive man who falls in love has never been repeated in the Bond series of films. [PAR] Unfortunately and unfairly, George Lazenby became known as the actor that couldn\u2019t hack it as Bond. A reputation that proceeded to haunt him for the remainder of his career. [PAR] ROGER MOORE [PAR] When Sean Connery hung up his Walther PPK pistol again in 1971 it was Roger Moore who would pick up it up although he then quickly switched it for the more powerful and showy Smith and Wesson .44 Magnum. Moore\u2019s reputation as a suave action hero had already been established by two excellent and long-running television series: The Saint and the Persuaders. Moore was largely accepted by a new generation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Adele to perform 'Skyfall' theme at Academy Awards - CNN Adele to perform 'Skyfall' theme at Academy Awards - CNN.com [PAR] Adele to perform 'Skyfall' theme at Academy Awards [PAR] By Anthony Breznican, EW [PAR] Updated 9:33 AM ET, Wed January 23, 2013 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Adele, seen here on the red carpet at last year's Grammy Awards, is set to perform at the Oscars. [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] Adele's Bond theme appears to be the front runner for an original song Oscar [PAR] Producers have confirmed that she will perform [PAR] Oscars ceremony will feature a special Bond tribute [PAR] It's always a question: Will the Academy Awards telecast feature performances of the Original Song nominees? [PAR] Sometimes the answer is no, but this time ... it's looking like a yes. [PAR] Producers have indicated the frontrunner in that category, Adele's massively popular theme to the James Bond thriller Skyfall, will be performed live during the Feb. 24 ceremony. [PAR] While the other nominees weren't mentioned in the announcement, it's unlikely one nominee will be allowed to perform unless the other contenders are welcome too \u2014 especially since one of them is written by Oscar host Seth MacFarlane and another could be performed by Hugh Jackman. [PAR] Academy Awards producers Craig Zadan and Neil Meron confirmed Adele's participation this morning: \"She is currently one of the most successful recording artists in the world, and we believe that her performance of Skyfall will be an exciting Oscar moment for audiences watching at the Dolby Theatre and on television screens around the world.\" [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] EW special coverage: Oscars 2013 [PAR] The song is the first 007 theme to be nominated for an Oscar since 1981\u2032s For Your Eyes Only. Previous Bond movies to have song nominees are 1977\u2032s The Spy Who Loved Me and 1973\u2032s Live and Let Die, although none has ever won. [PAR] This ceremony will feature a special tribute to James Bond , as part of the super-spy film series' 50th anniversary, and Skyfall also has four other nominations: cinematography, score, sound editing, and sound mixing. [PAR] The Oscars will mark the first time Adele, who co-wrote the Skyfall theme with collaborator Paul Epworth, has ever performed the song live. [PAR] \"It's an honour to be nominated and terrifyingly wonderful to be singing in front of people who have captured my imagination over and over again,\" Adele said in a statement. \"It's something I've never experienced and probably only ever will once!\" [PAR] Although MacFarlane is nominated as one of the co-writers of Everybody Needs a Friend from Ted, it was performed by Norah Jones \u2014 another potential draw for audiences. And Suddenly, the new song added to the musical Les Miserables, was performed by Jackman, who has a Best Actor nomination for the role, as well as a history of turning up on the Academy Awards stage .[DOC] [TLE] Oscars 2013: Adele's 'Skyfall' Wins Best Original Song - MTV Oscars 2013: Adele's 'Skyfall' Wins Best Original Song - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] archive-Brett-White [PAR] 02/25/2013 [PAR] Before performing the now Oscar-winning song \"Skyfall,\" Jennifer Lawrence introduced its singer and co-songwriter as the \"unstoppable Adele .\" After tonight, it's pretty hard to argue with her. After winning the Golden Globe for Best Original Song and being an integral part of the biggest James Bond film ever, \"Skyfall\" was the favorite to win the Oscar, and it didn't disappoint. [PAR] The normally boisterous Adele, now known as much for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shirley Bassey - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Shirley Bassey | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Occupation: [PAR] Singer [PAR] Dame Shirley Bassey (January 8, 1937) is a Welsh singer who found great fame in Great Britain the late 1950s and has been performing ever since. In the United States, Bassey is best known for singing James Bond theme songs . She holds the record for most James Bond themes by a singer with three of them. [PAR] Contents[DOC] [TLE] Dame Shirley Bassey - James Bond Medley - YouTube Dame Shirley Bassey - James Bond Medley - YouTube [PAR] Dame Shirley Bassey - James Bond Medley [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 10, 2006 [PAR] Dame Shirley Bassey sings this fantastic medley of Bond theme tunes Goldfinger, Moonraker and Diamonds are Forever. A Fantastc way of combining the three theme tunes. Shirley gives her all singng these with power and charisma. This programme was on BBC1 a while ago. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shane Rimmer - The Movie Database (TMDb) Shane Rimmer \u2014 The Movie Database (TMDb) [PAR] Read More [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [PAR] Shane Rimmer (born 1932) is a Canadian actor and voice actor, probably best known as the voice of Scott Tracy in Thunderbirds. [PAR] He has mostly performed in supporting roles, frequently in films and television series filmed in the United Kingdom, having relocated to England in the late 1950s. His appearances include roles in such widely-known films as Dr. Strangelove (1964), Rollerball (1975), The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), Gandhi (1982), Out of Africa (1985) and Crusoe (1989). More recently he has appeared in Spy Game (2001), and Batman Begins (2005). In the earlier years of his career, there were several uncredited performances, among others for films such as You Only Live Twice (1967), Diamonds Are Forever (1971), Star Wars (1977) and Superman II (1980). With the exception of recurring featured cast members he has appeared in more James Bond films than any other actor. [PAR] Rimmer has a long association with Gerry Anderson. Thunderbirds fans may recognize him as the voice actor behind the character Scott Tracy. He drafted the plotline for the penultimate episode, \"Ricochet\", which was later turned into a script by Tony Barwick. He also wrote scripts and provided uncredited voices for Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, Joe 90 and The Secret Service, has made appearances in episodes of Anderson's live-action UFO and The Protectors, has and provided voices for Space: 1999 and has guest-starred in the episode \"Space Brain\". In later years he starred in the unscreened pilot Space Police (later made into a series with other actors and titled Space Precinct) and provided the voice for Anderson's stop-motion gumshoe Dick Spanner, P.I.. [PAR] Rimmer and fellow Anderson actor Ed Bishop often joked about how often their professional paths crossed and termed themselves \"Rent-a-Yanks\". They appeared together as NASA operatives in the opening of You Only Live Twice and as USN sailors in The Bedford Incident as well as touring together in live stage shows, including \"Death of a Salesman\" in the 1990s. He also appeared in Doctor Who in 1966, and in Coronation Street as two different characters: Joe Donnelli (1968\u20131970), who held Stan Ogden hostage in No. 5 before committing suicide, and Malcolm Reid (1988), father of Audrey Roberts' son Stephen. [PAR] He has made many guest appearances in British television series for ITV, including in Roald Dahl's Tales of the Unexpected, and ITC's The Persuaders!. In 1989 Rimmer was reunited with former Gerry Anderson actors Ed Bishop and Matt Zimmerman in the BBC Radio 4 adaptation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's A Study In Scarlet. Rimmer and Bishop also appeared in the BBC drama-documentary Hiroshima completed not long after Bishop's death in 2005. Note: His official website and travel record on the Immigration & Travel section of Ancestry give his year of birth as 1929. [PAR] Description above from the Wikipedia article Shane Rimmer, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.[DOC] [TLE] Shane Rimmer - Film Kijken Online Shane Rimmer - Film Kijken Online [PAR] Shane Rimmer [PAR] Contact | Copyright Policy | Privacy Policy [PAR] Disclaimer: This product uses the TMDb API but is not endorsed or certified by TMDb. [PAR] We do not offer any copyright infringement material, all our data comes from TMDb and trailers from YouTube. [PAR] Film Kijken Online \u00a9 2017"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joe Don Baker - IMDb Joe Don Baker - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Production Manager | Miscellaneous Crew [PAR] Tall, broad shouldered character actor with Texan drawl first appeared in support in several Western vehicles both on TV and the cinema in the mid 1960s. Got himself noticed playing Steve McQueen's younger brother in Junior Bonner (1972), and then scored the lead role of Buford Pusser (!) in the unexpected hit Walking Tall (1973), an allegedly ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 03 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 03 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 1150 people [PAR] created 06 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 14 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 44 people [PAR] created 08 Nov 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Joe Don Baker's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 1 win & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2009 The Cleaner (TV Series) [PAR] Major Larry Duren [PAR] 1998 Poodle Springs (TV Movie) [PAR] P.J. Parker [PAR] 1997 George Wallace (TV Movie) [PAR] Big Jim Folsom [PAR] 1993 Complex of Fear (TV Movie) [PAR] Det. Frank Farrel [PAR] 1989 Screen Two (TV Series) [PAR] Hunter McCall [PAR] 1973 Doc Elliot (TV Series) [PAR] Aaron Hickey [PAR] 1972 That Certain Summer (TV Movie) [PAR] Phil Bonner [PAR] 1971 Steel Wreath (TV Movie) [PAR] Mongo Nash [PAR] 1971 Mission: Impossible (TV Series) [PAR] Frank Kearney [PAR] 1971 The High Chaparral (TV Series) [PAR] Yuma [PAR] 1970 The F.B.I. (TV Series) [PAR] Alex Drake [PAR] - Summer Terror (1970) ... Alex Drake [PAR] 1968-1970 Lancer (TV Series) [PAR] 1970 Bracken's World (TV Series) [PAR] Nick Fontaine [PAR] 1969 Mod Squad (TV Series) [PAR] Willie Turner [PAR] 1969 Death Valley Days (TV Series) [PAR] Townsman [PAR] 1969 The Big Valley (TV Series) [PAR] Tom Lightfoot [PAR] 1968 The Outsider (TV Series) [PAR] Billy Joe Corey [PAR] 1967 The Felony Squad (TV Series) [PAR] Shep Taubs [PAR] 1966 Iron Horse (TV Series) [PAR] Johnson [PAR] 1965 Honey West (TV Series) [PAR] Rocky Hansen [PAR] 1980 Power (TV Movie) (production executive) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1980 Power (TV Movie) (production executive) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2007 The 50 Greatest Television Dramas (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2000 Inside 'The Living Daylights' (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1987 James Bond: Licence to Thrill (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2002 Best Ever Bond (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself (uncredited) [PAR] Personal Details [PAR] Other Works: [PAR] Stage Play: Blues for Mister Charlie. Written by James Baldwin . Production Design by Feder. Directed by Burgess Meredith . ANTA Playhouse: 23 Apr 1964- 29 Aug 1964 (148 performances + 8 previews that began on 14 Apr 1964). Produced by The Actors Studio. See more \u00bb [PAR] Height: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Personal Quote: [PAR] [on working with Sam Peckinpah in Junior Bonner (1972)] I didn't care for Peckinpah at all. He was one of those little guys who tries to bully big guys and he almost got his ass whipped for trying to do it to me. Every time I was going to throttle Peckinpah, Steve McQueen would come over and calm me down like a brother would. [PAR] Trivia: [PAR] While Carroll O'Connor was recovering from bypass surgery, Baker appeared in O'Connor's place on In the Heat of the Night (1988) as Tom Dugan. See more \u00bb [PAR] Star Sign:[DOC] [TLE] Joe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 The actors who have played James Bond - stason.org 10 The actors who have played James Bond [PAR] 10 The actors who have played James Bond [PAR] Description [PAR] This article is from the James Bond FAQ , by Michael Reed reed55@core.com with numerous contributions by others. [PAR] 10 The actors who have played James Bond [PAR] A few talented men have gotten to portray James Bond. We start with the EON [PAR] five, and then the others as well. Note that Roger Moore is older than Sean [PAR] Connery. [PAR] A - Sean Connery, born August 25, 1930. Played Bond from 1962-1967, 1971, [PAR] 1983. [PAR] A Scot with minimal credits to his name in 1962, he was handpicked by [PAR] Broccoli and Saltzman to star in the first Bond motion picture. There is [PAR] less dialogue for Connery than in future turns, and his name was not [PAR] marketed particularly heavily in the release of either of the first two [PAR] films. But Connery proved to be the perfect person to assimilate Fleming's [PAR] cold warrior on screen. He was tough yet suave, strong yet smooth, and able [PAR] to appeal to both ticket buying genders. [PAR] By the time of his fifth outing, \"You Only Live Twice\", the marketing [PAR] machine said he \"IS James Bond\". While true in the public's mind, Connery [PAR] tired of the constant pressure of the role and the potential to suffocate [PAR] any other projects he wanted to be involved in. He left after 1967 and [PAR] declined to appear in the sixth release. After a lackluster box office [PAR] performance, EON prodded and finally got their star back for the seventh [PAR] outing, \"Diamonds Are Forever\". Then Connery left once more, stating he [PAR] would \"never again\" portray the superspy that he had made a phenomenon. But [PAR] he did come back for a reprise, in 1983's \"Never Say Never Again\". For the [PAR] story on that film, see Brief #1, Section #10, E \"Thunderball / Never Say [PAR] Never Again\". [PAR] Connery has said in interviews that he is proudest of \"From Russia With [PAR] Love\". However, he made a severe and nasty break from the Broccoli clan and [PAR] any thought of him returning to the EON series in any capacity is a pipe [PAR] dream. Connery won an Academy Award for his supporting role in 1987's \"The [PAR] Untouchables\". He is still an A-list box office draw to date and is also [PAR] staunch in his support of his native Scotland. While he did not look like [PAR] Ian Fleming's written character on the surface, he was impressive enough to [PAR] earn the ultimate praise. Fleming himself had his character assume some of [PAR] Connery's roots in \"You Only Live Twice\". He told IMBD.com in 2002 that [PAR] there is no chance of him returning to EON's series, particularly not as a [PAR] villain. \"Absolutely no way - I could never be an enemy of James Bond.\" [PAR] B - George Lazenby, born September 5, 1939. Played Bond in 1969. [PAR] The only Bond star to make a solitary film appearance, George Lazenby won [PAR] the role after a worldwide search. He was actually an Australian wrestler, [PAR] car salesman and model who excelled in physical presence and impressed the [PAR] producers. But he was not prepared for the glimmer of fame and fortune that [PAR] came with the part. [PAR] He was cast in \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\", one of Fleming's most [PAR] detailed and harrowing novels. It required more characterization than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Till Death Us Do Part (TV Series 1965\u20131975) - IMDb Till Death Us Do Part (TV Series 1965\u20131975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Till Death Us Do Part [PAR] 40min [PAR] A working-class Cockney bigot with a biased and expirienced opinion of everything shares them bluntly and almost carelessly. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] In line with his Tory leader Heath's declaration Alf is now working a three day week but is appalled to find Else is doing the same and she has not cooked him a dinner. This leads to her commenting ... [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] While boozing in the pub racist Alf makes Gran laugh by ridiculing the Pakistani, 'Paki-Paddy' who is drinking at the bar, but the laughter ceases when she tells him the strangely half-Irish, ... [PAR] 8.0 [PAR] Gran is very ill and Else is very concerned, while Alf is uncaring, they both visit the sick old lady. Alf believing Gran is not long for this world takes her dead husbands pocket-watch for himself, ... [PAR] 7.7 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 05 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: Till Death Us Do Part (1965\u20131975) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Alf and Elsie are getting old, Rita's left home, Elsie's confined to a wheelchair. Alf must now do battle with the Social Security system. [PAR] Stars: Warren Mitchell, Carmel McSharry, Arthur English [PAR] Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. But Harold, who likes the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Cliff Owen [PAR] BBC Television comedy detailing the fortunes of Reginald Iolanthe Perrin. Disillusioned after a long career at Sunshine Desserts, Perrin goes through a mid-life crisis and fakes his own ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Pauline Yates, John Barron [PAR] Terry is divorced from his German wife and has a Finnish girlfriend Christina. At Thelma's suggestion they join her and Bob on a caravan holiday but due to a mishap the men get separated ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Michael Tuchner [PAR] Bless This House centres on life in Birch Avenue, Putney, where travelling stationery salesman Sid Abbott (Sidney James) and his wife Jean (Diana Coupland) live with their teenagers: Mike (... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Sidney James, Diana Coupland, Sally Geeson [PAR] The adventures of two \"likely lads\" ostensibly set in the North East of England (but filmed in Willesden Junction, London). Terry and Bob have been friends since childhood. Bob is the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Don McKillop [PAR] Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fawlty Towers (TV Series 1975\u20131979) - IMDb Fawlty Towers (TV Series 1975\u20131979) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Hotel owner Basil Fawlty's incompetence, short fuse, and arrogance form a combination that ensures accidents and trouble are never far away. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] A moose head to be hung, a fire drill to be conducted, and German guests are all a bit much for Basil to handle while Sybil's in hospital. [PAR] 9.4 [PAR] When Mrs. Richards, a demanding woman who is hard of hearing, checks into the hotel, Basil, Sybil and Polly find themselves with a very difficult customer. Meanwhile, Basil bets on a horse that is ... [PAR] 9.3 [PAR] Basil and the rest of the staff are in deep trouble when the health inspector turns up and delivers an enormous list of problems with the hotel. Things become even worse when Manuel's rat gets loose ... [PAR] 9.2 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 20 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 29 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 02 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Search for \" Fawlty Towers \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Fawlty Towers (1975\u20131979) [PAR] 8.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 5 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Stuck in the middle of World War I, Captain Edmund Blackadder does his best to escape the banality of the war. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Stephen Fry [PAR] In the Tudor court of Elizabeth I, Lord Edmund Blackadder strives to win Her Majesty's favour while attempting to avoid a grisly fate should he offend her. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Tim McInnerny [PAR] In the Regency era, Mr E. Blackadder serves as butler to the foppish numskull Prince George amidst the fads and crazes of the time. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Hugh Laurie [PAR] Classic comedy following the misadventures of two Wheeler Dealer brothers Del Boy and Rodney Trotter who scrape their living by selling dodgy goods believing that next year they will be millionaires. [PAR] Stars: David Jason, Nicholas Lyndhurst, Roger Lloyd Pack [PAR] The original surreal sketch comedy showcase for the Monty Python troupe. [PAR] Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam [PAR] Crazy sitcom about 3 priests and their housekeeper who live on Craggy Island, not the peaceful and quiet part of Ireland it seems! [PAR] Stars: Dermot Morgan, Ardal O'Hanlon, Frank Kelly [PAR] In the Middle Ages, Prince Edmund the Black Adder constantly schemes and endeavors to seize the crown from his father and brother. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Brian Blessed, Elspet Gray [PAR] The story of an office that faces closure when the company decides to downsize its branches. A documentary film crew follow staff and the manager Brent as they continue their daily lives. [PAR] Stars: Ricky Gervais, Martin Freeman, Mackenzie Crook [PAR] Alan Partridge a failed television presenter whose previous exploits had featured in the chat-show parody Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, and who is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tony Gubba and 11 other legendary sports commentators ... Tony Gubba and 11 other legendary sports commentators remembered - All Sports - Eurosport UK [PAR] Tony Gubba and 11 other legendary sports commentators remembered [PAR] By Eurosport [PAR] 0 [PAR] 0 [PAR] With the sad news of the death of legendary commentator Tony Gubba, most renowned for his work on football among several other sports, at the age of 69 after a short illness, we look at 11 more famous faces from yesteryear who were the voices of their sport. They are no longer with us, but live on through their work. [PAR] 1. David Vine (1935-2009) [PAR] Once described by comedy duo Fry and Laurie as 'the Guv'nor', Vine presented a several shows ranging from Miss World to Grandstand, but is best recalled for his work on snooker and Ski Sunday. [PAR] 2. Sid Waddell (1940-2012) [PAR] Author, script writer and commentator, Geordie Sid was known as 'The voice of Darts'. From 2013, the PDC world darts trophy has been rebranded the Sid Waddell trophy. [PAR] 3. Brian Johnston (1912-1994) [PAR] 'Johnners' was the voice of Test Match Special. Began commentating on cricket in 1946. [PAR] 4. Tony Greig (1946 -2012) [PAR] Captained England, but became better known for his dulcet South African tones commentating on the game when his career ended. [PAR] 5. Brian Moore (1932-2001) [PAR] Exceptional football commentator whose name became synonymous with ITV covering nine World Cups and over 20 Cup finals. [PAR] 6. Bill McLaren (1923-2010) [PAR] 'The voice of Rugby' began commentating on his passion in 1953 with his unique Scottish accent perfect for the up and unders of rugby union football. [PAR] 7. Reg Gutteridge (1924-2009) [PAR] Everybody loved Gutteridge calling The Big Fight Live. Was a boxing journalist and commentator. Well versed on his sport. [PAR] 8. Harry Carpenter (1925-2010) [PAR] Carpenter dabbled in tennis and golf, but is best remembered for boxing. Lost it when Frank Bruno almost KO'd Mike Tyson in 1989 when he roared out \"get in there, Frank\". [PAR] 9. Kenneth Wolstenholme (1920-2002) [PAR] When England won the World Cup in 1966 and Geoff Hurst netted the winner, was heard to shriek \"some people are on the pitch...they think it's all over....it is now!\". Enough said. [PAR] 10. Ted Lowe (1920-2011) [PAR] A hushed voice that seemed perfect for snooker. Once said \"and for those of you who are watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green\". [PAR] 11. Dan Maskell (1908-1992) [PAR] Is best known for greeting an exciting shot with the words, \"oh, I say!\". Wimbledon has never been the same for some since Maskell left the commentary box. [PAR] 0Read and react"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Toonhound - The Magic Roundabout (1965-1991) Toonhound - The Magic Roundabout (1965-1991) [PAR] [PAR] Mr Rusty's Magic Roundabout could be found in the heart of the Magic Garden. [PAR] It didn't really do anything magic at all apart from fade in and fade out of view at the [PAR] beginning and end of each episode, but what it did have was an associated collection [PAR] of magical characters including Dougal the dog, a girl called Florence, a rabbit called [PAR] Dylan, Brian the snail, Ermintrude the cow, the red chuffing Train, and a jack-in-a- [PAR] box with a moustache called Zebedee who was the self-appointed guardian of the [PAR] garden. Add to this some fabulous set design, a memorable theme tune and big [PAR] buckets of irony and droll dry humour and you have here one of the biggest [PAR] tea-time tv treats of all time. But this magical series very nearly didn't make [PAR] it to our screens at all... [PAR] \"The Magic Roundabout\" was created by a Frenchman, Serge Danot, in 1963 and [PAR] it was originally called \"La Manege Enchante\" (The Enchanted Merry-go-round). [PAR] Danot was assisted by a friend from England, our very own Ivor Wood in fact, [PAR] together with his wife Josiane, and you can clearly see his design sense imbued [PAR] in the character and set designs. The show was first broadcast in France in 1964, [PAR] and was distinctly Gallic in flavour. Dougal the dog was then called Pollux, whilst [PAR] Florence was called Margote and when Dylan was introduced in later colour [PAR] episodes, he was presented as a lazy Spaniard called Flappy. [PAR] When this hit French series was first offered to the BBC they rejected it as [PAR] awkward, and difficult to dub into English. Subsequently, for whatever reason, the [PAR] BBC's Head of Children's Programming gave the project a second look. It was [PAR] passed on to the then producer of \"Playschool2 Joy Whitby, who in turn handed [PAR] the series to one of the show's presenter Eric Thompson, to see if he might try [PAR] voicing an adaptation. [PAR] And that folks, is how magic is created. [PAR] [PAR] Eric Thompson decided to ignore the original scripts altogether. Working with [PAR] the volume turned down to avoid distraction, he completely rewrote the French [PAR] stories and redefined and renamed the characters, injecting much irony, [PAR] wit and melancholy in to the re-edited shows. In Thompson's hands, Pollux [PAR] became dry, laconic Dougal, floating around the garden with a Hancock-like turn [PAR] of phrase and a put-down for all occasions. He was a star in the making, together [PAR] with the newly-hippified Dylan, ever-cheery Brian, enthusiastic flower-chewing [PAR] Ermintrude and the entire garden gang. Even the theme song didn't escape [PAR] reinvention, with the musical calliope being speeded up for British production. [PAR] The \"new\" series first aired in the UK on 18 October 1965. The rest is history. [PAR] After two years atop of the tea-time viewing figures, when the BBC attempted to [PAR] move the show from its regular broadcast slot of 5.55pm to one an hour earlier, [PAR] the audience responded en-masse and forced them to rescind. And even come [PAR] the 1970s, folks had opinions to express about any scheduling changes: [PAR] \"I should like to know how the BBC thinks I am [PAR] going to regain my equilibrium after teaching all day [PAR] if there is no Magic Roundabout to come home to?'\" [PAR] - letter to the Radio Times, March 25th 1971 [PAR] The show concluded its French broadcast in"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Naked Civil Servant (TV Movie 1975) - IMDb The Naked Civil Servant (TV Movie 1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Naked Civil Servant ( 1975 ) [PAR] 1h 17min [PAR] The life and times of Quentin Crisp, an outrageous and flamboyant homosexual, coming of age and growing into old age in conservative England. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 980 titles [PAR] created 08 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 777 titles [PAR] created 03 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 11 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 216 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 04 Feb 2015 [PAR] Title: The Naked Civil Servant (TV Movie 1975) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The later years of Quentin Crisp's life in New York. [PAR] Director: Richard Laxton [PAR] A fictionalized account of what may have happened when John Lennon and Brian Epstein went on holiday together to Spain in 1963. [PAR] Director: Christopher Munch [PAR] Historian Klaus M\u00fcller interviews survivors of the Nazi persecution of homosexuals because of the German Penal Code of 1871, Paragraph 175. [PAR] Directors: Rob Epstein, Jeffrey Friedman [PAR] Stars: Rupert Everett, Klaus M\u00fcller, Karl Gorath [PAR] This film is the story of the spectacular life and violent death of British playwright Joe Orton. In his teens, Orton is befriended by the older, more reserved Kenneth Halliwell, and while ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Stephen Frears [PAR] Sebastien is a small town boy who moves to Paris and begins to explore the gay night life there. When a friend from back home calls to announce he's coming to Paris, Sebastien confronts some unrequited feelings. [PAR] Directors: Bernard Alapetite, Cyril Legann [PAR] Stars: Beno\u00eet Deli\u00e8re, Johnny Amaro, Thibault Boucaux [PAR] Beneath a railroad bridge a young rural gay man begins to his explore his gay feelings with the aid of an understanding friend. [PAR] Director: Michael Burke [PAR] Lonely teenager Marc is secretly in love with Olaf, the cool boy-next-door. He dreams about a relationship with him, and when the two go camping, this dream seems to become reality for Marc... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Marco van Bergen [PAR] Upon hitting puberty, a high-school boy realizes he is homosexual and faces prejudice from his parents and friends. [PAR] Director: Peggy Rajski [PAR] James leads a lonely life in a luxurious castle. He never goes out with friends. One day he finds himself interested in an injured, handsome Swedish soccer player. [PAR] Director: Marco van Bergen [PAR] Felix is secretly in love with Ralph. This doesn't seem to be the biggest problem. But Felix is 15 and Ralph his 34 years old soccer coach. They meet every day in an ambush. One day Felix ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Martin Busker [PAR] When a new boy moves into the area Cecilie and Peter's friendship is changed. [PAR] Director: Frank Mosvold [PAR] Bo is a transexual prostitute in Brussels who left home after being abused by her father. She's now in an abusive relationship with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Drake | Obituaries | News | The Independent Charlie Drake | The Independent [PAR] Tuesday 26 December 2006 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Charles Edward Springall (Charlie Drake), actor and comedian: born London 19 June 1925; twice married (three sons); died Twickenham, Middlesex 23 December 2006. [PAR] Charlie Drake's first joke - \"A little boy had a tooth out and asked the dentist if he could keep it. Why? I want to take it home, put some sugar on it and watch it ache!\" [PAR] Actually it wasn't Charlie Drake's joke, it was Max Miller's. He heard it on the wireless. And he wasn't Charlie Drake, anyway. He was Charles Edward Springall, age nine. Drake came much later, borrowed from his mother, the former Violet Drake. Like many comedians, if not all of them, Charlie Drake began with jokes borrowed from others, but once his real career in comedy got under way via television, he became the most original slapstick comedian in the country, easily out- slapping those few who had attempted visual comedy in the silent film era. [PAR] Born in Elephant and Castle, London, in 1925, the son of a newspaper seller who took racing bets on the quiet, little Charlie was only eight when he answered an advertisement in the South London Press and was first in the queue to audition for the great top-of-the-bill coster comedian Harry Champion. He sang that master's most popular hit, \"Boiled Beef and Carrots\", and promptly won a place in the choirboy chorus backing the star in his grand finale, \"Any Old Iron\" (pronounced \"I-hern\"). His reward: a six-day booking for half a crown (12 1/2p). [PAR] No further bookings ensued, so young Charlie augmented his non-existent pocket money doing a pre-school paper round and a post-school apprenticeship to a cats-meat man (tuppence a stick-ful). His education was at the Victory Place Junior School where the only prize he won was for Scripture: he was able to name Mary's husband. Moving up to Paragon Row Seniors he read the \"Just William\" books and formed a William-style Secret Society called the Red Hand Gang. Show business struck again when he did a deal with the manager of the Elephant and Castle Picture Palace: in return for winning the ten-shilling (50p) prize at every amateur talent contest, he slipped the manager five bob (25p). [PAR] Drake was 14 when he left school, in the summer of 1939; he also left home. He became an electrician's mate, the first of innumerable jobs, all of which would find their way into his television and later film situations. By night he was an Air Raid Precautions messenger boy. He devised his own way to extinguish incendiary bombs: old ladies' knickers stuffed with sand. Then he joined the Naafi as a baker. His fruit cakes were famous until he was sacked for using too many rationed currants. [PAR] He tried for proper war service and was instantly rejected by the Navy. He was only 5 feet 1 1/2 inches tall. \"I was raised on condensed milk,\" he explained. He volunteered for the Royal Air Force and was, surprisingly, taken on and trained as a rear gunner. \"I was the right size for the little turret.\" He promptly put in for all the services shows he could - Ralph Reader's \"RAF Gang Show,\" Ensa, \"Airmen in Skirts\" - and was rejected by them all. But one useful thing happened: while training in Northern Ireland he met an oversize pilot named Jack Edwardes, who would in time become Drake's first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A glossary of cricket terms | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo A glossary of cricket terms | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] A glossary of cricket terms [PAR] Share on Facebook Share on Twitter [PAR] Cricket, more than most sports, is full of expressions and terms designed to bewilder the newcomer (and often even the more seasoned follower). In an attempt to unravel some of the stranger terminology, we have put together a cricket glossary. If we are missing anything - and cricket commentators have an annoying habit of inventing new words and phrases - please email us and we will see if we can help. [PAR] Arm Ball A ball bowled by a slow bowler which has no spin on it and so does not turn as expected but which stays on a straight line (\"goes on with the arm\") [PAR] The Ashes Series between England and Australia are played for The Ashes (click here for more information) [PAR] Asking rate - The runs required per over for a team to win - mostly relevant in a one-dayer [PAR] Ball Red for first-class and most club cricket, white for one-day matches (and, experimentally, women once used blue balls and men orange ones). It weighs 5.5 ounces ( 5 ounces for women's cricket and 4.75 ounces for junior cricket) [PAR] Ball Tampering The illegal action of changing the condition of the ball by artificial means, usually scuffing the surface, picking or lifting the seam of the ball, or applying substances other than sweat or saliva [PAR] Bat-Pad A fielding position close to the batsman designed to catch balls which pop up off the bat, often via the batsman's pads [PAR] Batter Another word for batsman, first used as long ago as 1773. Also something you fry fish in [PAR] Beamer A ball that does not bounce (usually accidently) and passes the batsman at or about head height. If aimed straight at the batsman by a fast bowler, this is a very dangerous delivery (and generally frowned on) [PAR] Bend your back - The term used to signify the extra effort put in by a fast bowler to obtain some assistance from a flat pitch [PAR] Belter A pitch which offers little help to bowlers and so heavily favours batsmen [PAR] Blob A score of 0 (see duck ) [PAR] Bodyline (also known as leg theory ) A tactic most infamously used by England in 1932-33, although one which had been around for some time before that, in which the bowler aimed at the batsman rather than the wicket with the aim of making him give a catch while attempting to defend himself. The fielding side were packed on the leg side to take catches which resulted. This is now illegal. Click here for more . [PAR] Bosie An Australian term for a googly , now rarely used. Originated from the inventor of the delivery, BJT Bosanquet [PAR] Bouncer A short-pitched ball which passes the batsman at chest or head height [PAR] Boundary The perimeter of a cricket field, or the act of the batsman scoring a four or a six (eg \"Tendulkar hammered three boundaries\") [PAR] Box An abdominal protector worn by batsmen and wicketkeepers. It is also an old term for a fielder in the gully region. [PAR] Bump Ball A ball which is played off the bat almost instantly into the ground and is caught by a fielder. Often this has the appearance of being a clean catch [PAR] Bumper See Bouncer . [PAR] Bunny Also known as Rabbit . A member of the side who cannot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Harold Wilson - GOV.UK History of Harold Wilson - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Harold Wilson Labour 1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970 [PAR] Born [PAR] 11 March 1916, Huddersfield, Yorkshire [PAR] Died [PAR] 1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970 [PAR] Political party [PAR] Labour [PAR] Major acts [PAR] Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965: suspended the death penalty in England, Wales and Scotland. [PAR] Sexual Offences Act 1967: decriminalisation of certain homosexual offences. [PAR] Interesting facts [PAR] In 1969 he was struck in the eye by a stink bomb thrown by a schoolboy. Wilson\u2019s response was \"with an arm like that he ought to be in the English cricket XI\u2033 [PAR] As Prime Minister Harold Wilson enacted social reforms in education, health, housing, gender equality, price controls, pensions, provisions for disabled people and child poverty. [PAR] Harold Wilson, the son of a chemist and teacher, was born in Yorkshire during the First World War. In 1924, aged 8, he visited 10 Downing Street, which would eventually become his home. [PAR] He studied Modern History for a year before transferring to Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Oxford University, graduating with a first class BA. [PAR] The Labour politician entered Parliament in 1945 as MP for Ormskirk and later becoming MP for Huyton. In 1947, then Prime Minister Clement Attlee made Wilson President of the Board of Trade. Aged 31, he had become the youngest member of the Cabinet in the 20th century. [PAR] Under Hugh Gaitskell\u2019s leadership of the Labour party, Wilson served as Shadow Chancellor from 1955 to 1961, then as Shadow Foreign Secretary from 1961 to 1963. After Gaitskell passed away suddenly, Wilson fought and won a leadership contest against George Brown and James Callaghan. As Labour leader, he won 4 of the 5 General Elections he contested, although this includes a minority government. [PAR] His first election victory on 15 October 1964 saw him win with a small majority of 4, which increased significantly to 98 after a second General Election on 31 March 1966. As Prime Minister from 1964 to 1970, his main plan was to modernise. He believed that he would be aided by the \u201cwhite heat of the technological revolution\u201d. His government supported backbench MPs in liberalising laws on censorship, divorce, abortion, and homosexuality, and he abolished capital punishment. Crucial steps were taken towards stopping discrimination against women and ethnic minorities, and Wilson\u2019s government also created the Open University. [PAR] In comparison, his outlook on foreign affairs was less modernising. He wanted to maintain Britain\u2019s world role by keeping the Commonwealth united and nurturing the Anglo-American alliance. For example, his approach to the Vietnam War saw him skilfully balance modernist ambitions with Anglo-American interests when, despite repeated American requests, he kept British troops out while still maintaining good relations. Wilson biographer Philip Ziegler characterises his role as \u201chonest broker\u201d. [PAR] However, he had to fundamentally reshape Britain\u2019s world role after inheriting an overstretched military and a \u00a3400 million balance of payments deficit, which caused successive sterling crises. To resolve these 2 interlinked problems, Wilson launched a Defence Review (1964 to 1965) and created the Department for Economic Affairs, which sought to implement an ambitious National Plan. [PAR] When sterling crises continued, Wilson was forced to devalue the pound in November 1967. Two months later, his government reluctantly announced Britain\u2019s gradual withdrawal from the strategically important East of Suez. Despite his initial hesitation, Wilson recognised the value of membership of the European Economic Community ( EEC ), but his 1967 application was unsuccessful. Believing his popularity had increased, Wilson called a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Old Boys - Ashton-under-Lyne Grammar School Ashton-under-Lyne Grammar School [PAR] Famous Old Boys [PAR] Gordon Taylor - Chief Executive of the PFA (Professional Footballer's Association) [PAR] Gordon Taylor - At Ashton Grammar 1956 -61, we were in the same class and mates from Mossley Road. He left immediately after O levels to sign pro forms for Bolton Wanderers who sent him to Bolton Tech to do his A levels. While playing for Bolton he also got a BA (Econ) from London University. In 1970 he moved from Bolton to Birmingham City. While playing for Birmingham in 1978 he became Chairman of The Professional Footballer's Association. On retiring from active football in 1981 he became, and still is, Chief Executive of the PFA. He is often on TV and in the News as his job is like that of any Trade Union Boss. His Mum still lives in Derby Road, which is at the side of the Grammar School. (introductory paragraph by Mike Firth) [PAR] Gordon Alexander Taylor OBE (born 28 December 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger. He became chief executive of the English footballers' trades union, the Professional Footballers Association. He is reputed to be the highest paid union official in the world. [PAR] Taylor was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire. He, alongside Harry Clapstick and Chalkie White, founded Curzon Ashton Football Club in 1963. They raised money for their first kit by selling firewood door-to-door. He played over 250 games for Bolton Wanderers and scored more than 50 goals before being transferred to Birmingham City in 1970. He joined Blackburn Rovers in 1976 and spent the 1977 close season playing in the North American Soccer League for the Vancouver Whitecaps. He returned to play for Blackburn and finally Bury before retiring in 1980 to work full-time for the PFA. [PAR] He has a degree in economics and is a member of FIFA's football committee. [PAR] He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours. [PAR] The above was taken from his Wikedpedia entry. [PAR] Professor Sir John Pendry - Physicist [PAR] Sir John Pendry - At AULGS 1955- 62, Head Boy 1961-2. Mr. Sutcliffe's Golden Boy. He Now holds The Chair in Theoretical Solid State Physics at Imperial College London, is a Fellow of The Royal Society and is one of the leading lights in the World on Invisibility. Producing several papers on the subject. I'm not sure when he was Knighted, but it was for services to Physics. During his time at the Grammar school he often participated in debating competitions and was a brilliant speaker. He does have a website and an email address and will probably get back to you if you email him. He did reply to me when I congratulated him on his Knighthood.(introductory paragraph by Mike Firth). [PAR] Sir John Brian Pendry, FRS FInstP (born 4 July 1944) is an English theoretical physicist known for his research into refractive indexes and creation of the first practical \"Invisibility Cloak\". He was head of the department of physics (1998-2001) at Imperial College, London and principal of the faculty of physical sciences (2001-2002). He is an honorary fellow of Downing College, Cambridge (where he was an undergraduate) and an IEEE fellow. [PAR] John Savident (Fred Elliott) Coronation Street. [PAR] John Savident (born 1938) is a well-known British actor. [PAR] Savident was born in Guernsey in the Channel Islands and used to be a police officer. He made his television debut in 1968, and appeared in many dramatic roles,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SOME KIND OF TROUBLE - forum.jamesblunt.com SOME KIND OF TROUBLE [PAR] SOME KIND OF TROUBLE [PAR] Posted 06 May 2011 18:19 [PAR] Supreme Being [PAR] By Paul S. Power \"Music Reviewer\" (Nova Scotia, Canada) [PAR] [PAR] This review is from: Some Kind of Trouble (Audio CD) [PAR] [PAR] The thing that made James Blunt stand out so much when he first stepped into the international spotlight in 2005 was his voice. It was unique. The fact that he is an excellent songwriter also helped, and that his back-story was pretty interesting (British Army service in Kosovo, etc). He has released 3 albums so far and he's had his share of detractors, some making fun of his patented sound. The fact that the guy has sold millions of albums, lives in Ibiza and dates supermodels is a good indication of who has the last laugh on that matter. [PAR] His second album, \"All The Lost Souls\" (2007) was a bit darker and more introspective than his debut album, but contained the fantastic song \"1973\", which for me stands out so much because when I first saw/heard it I was in my favourite pub in Scotland, watching music videos. That James Blunt moment will always be with me. This album (number 3) comes across as much more cheerful and optimistic than it's predecessor. [PAR] The first song released off this CD was \"Stay The Night\", and even though it came out before last winter it's a 100% pure summer song. Light, enjoyable and catchy. It's impossible to hear the song and not think of a breeze blowing through the car window and long hot nights on the beach. There are some wonderful surprises on this album as well; \"Turn Me On\" sounds like a cross between Kings of Leon and The White Stripes. \"Dangerous\" offers a hip 1980's style drum machine and Dire Straits-like guitars. \"These Are The Words\" is a slick and groovy number with, again, guitar work that pays homage to Dire Straits. These two songs are great. Looking at a few more tracks, \"So Far Gone\" again travels a similar path to Kings of Leon and \"I'll Be Your Man\" is a joyous hand-clapping romp that has a folk rock vibe to it. [PAR] It would be na\ufffdve to think that a James Blunt album wouldn't have quieter moments on it, he is after all the man who gave the world one of the most popular contemporary songs used at funerals (\"Goodbye My Lover\"). In that vein, \"Best Laid Plans\" is a one-sided love song and \"No Tears\" is very much like a Robbie Williams ballad, of which James said the song is \"the summing up of a life\", it's a very deep and reflective song. It is also a great track. I personally think this CD is James Blunt's best work so far. [PAR] Posted 18 July 2011 03:26 [PAR] Supreme Being [PAR] Last Login: Yesterday @ 23:57 [PAR] Posts: 5,753, Visits: 7,462 [PAR] I don't know how I could have missed this video recorded live on Ustream on January 18th 2011 for the release of SKOT in United States. James answers questions from fans and performs his new songs with the band. One of the highlight is when he sings \"If Time Is All I Have\" sitting on a stool... he wipes two tears at the end. All the emotion he puts in this rendition makes me shiver. [PAR] James Blunt Plugs In and Performs Songs off 'Some Kind of Trouble' [PAR] By Charley Rogulewski Posted Jan 18th 2011 10:30AM [PAR] James Blunt is \""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Waddington - Telegraph Bill Waddington - Telegraph [PAR] Bill Waddington [PAR] 12:00AM BST 11 Sep 2000 [PAR] Actor behind Percy Sugden, the Coronation Street character whose marriage was foiled by his fianc\u00e9e's fluffy cat [PAR] BILL WADDINGTON, the actor who has died aged 84, came relatively late to Coronation Street in 1983 (he was 67 that year, and the programme had been running since 1960), but as the flat-capped Percy Sugden he soon established himself as one of the principal characters. [PAR] Percy Sugden arrived as the caretaker of the community centre, but was soon poking his nose into everyone's business on the pretext of looking after their welfare. His instinct for snooping found a perfect outlet in the Street's Community Watch Scheme. A former chef in the Royal Army Catering Corps, Percy Sugden would remind people that he had \"made gravy under gunfire\". [PAR] He held forth in his pompous way on all manner of subjects, and took mortal offence if anybody presumed to question his word. He was decidedly close with money. After being forced to retire from the community centre, Percy Sugden became a lollipop man. But disaster struck when, in attempting to save Phyllis Pearse from being run over by a car, he was hit in the leg himself. [PAR] The pain was bad; worse still was the manner in which Phyllis, whose matrimonial attentions he had long evaded, and who now regarded him as a hero, took advantage of the opportunity to push him around in a wheelchair. He did, however, nurse a tendresse for Emily Bishop, a widow who out of pure kindheartedness took him in as a lodger at No 3 Coronation Street. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Anne Kirkbride [PAR] 20 Jan 2015 [PAR] His bossy ways helped to drive her into a nervous breakdown in 1992. Soon afterwards Percy Sugden felt obliged to propose to Olive Clark, the widow of a wartime comrade. But his allergy to her fluffy white cat prevented matters proceeding as far as marriage. He preferred the cantankerous Maud Grimes, and rashly volunteered that she would make a wonderful wife - a remark she took as a proposal of marriage. [PAR] After the initial shock, Percy Sugden went along with the notion, until Maud persuaded him to take her and her daughter Maureen to Normandy for the 50th anniversary of D-Day. When they visited the American cemetery Maud pointed to the grave of an American serviceman, and told her daughter that he was her real father. Percy, who saw such behaviour as the supreme betrayal of \"our lads away fighting for their country\", broke off the engagement. [PAR] In 1997 Percy Sugden's role in Coronation Street came to an end when Bill Waddington, now aged 81, felt there was \"too much sex\" in the serial. There was no question of anyone else taking over the part, which the writers had originally conceived with Bill Waddington in mind. Percy Sugden was duly dispatched to a retirement home. [PAR] William Waddington was born at Oldham on June 10 1916, the son of a builder. His mother owned seven butcher's shops and a pub, and was so busy that Bill was fostered out. At 14, he left school to work in one of the butcher's shops. [PAR] He played the ukulele, and after joining the Army in the Second World War (like Percy Sugden he served his time in the cookhouse) became a member of a group called The Blue Pencils, recruited to entertain the forces. But it was as a stand-up comedian that he made his reputation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] fabarticles.yolasite.com An Englishmans Favourite Bits of England Vol 4 [PAR] An Englishmans Favourite Bits of England Vol 4 [PAR] Index Part 1 of Volume 4 [PAR] Hauntings of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England [PAR] Famous Hauntings of England [PAR] Mrs Duncan \u2013 The Last Witch to be Tried in England [PAR] Is This Proof of Reincarnation? [PAR] Wymering Manor House \u2013 The Most Haunted House in England [PAR] Stonehenge and It's Eerie Past [PAR] City of Bath, England \u2013 History and Ghosts [PAR] List of Spooky and Ghostly IOW Hauntings [PAR] James Herbert OBE \u2013 English Iconic Horror Author [PAR] Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley\u2013 English Iconic Author [PAR] Sir Michael Caine - English Iconic Actor [PAR] Sir Henry Irving \u2013 Iconic English Actor Manager [PAR] James Bond 007 \u2013 British Icon [PAR] Dr. Who - A British TV Icon [PAR] Sir Rex Harrison - English Iconic Actor [PAR] Sir John Mills - English Iconic Actor [PAR] Sir Norman Wisdom \u2013 Comic Actor and Singer [PAR] 7th Century to Swinging Naughties - British Icons [PAR] Swinging Sixties \u2013 British Fashion Designers [PAR] Swinging Sixties ( London ) \u2013 British Iconic Music [PAR] The New Romantics \u2013 1980's London Music [PAR] World's First Football Chant \u2013 by Edward Elgar [PAR] Village of Wenlock, England \u2013 A Modern Olympic Games \u2013 1850 [PAR] Sir Isaac Newton \u2013 Iconic Scientist [PAR] Charles Darwin 1809 \u2013 1882 [PAR] Lady Godiva (1040-1080 AD) \u2013 An English Icon [PAR] English Spa Towns \u2013 Iconic Places [PAR] Edward Somerset \u2013 English Inventor of The First Steam Engine 1653 [PAR] The First Steam Locomotive \u2013 England 1804 [PAR] Howard Carter \u2013 The Discoverer of Tutankhamen [PAR] Sir Henry Wood \u2013 The Last Night Of The Proms [PAR] Toad In The Hole \u2013 English History and Recipe [PAR] Bubble and Squeak \u2013 English Recipe and History [PAR] Index Part 2 of Volume 4 [PAR] Black Pudding \u2013 It's English History and Recipe [PAR] British Cheeses \u2013 Types and Taste [PAR] English Crumpets \u2013 History and Recipe [PAR] English Custard \u2013 History and Recipe [PAR] Spotted Dick or Spotty Dog \u2013 English Pudding Recipe [PAR] The Earliest Sandwich \u2013 It's English History [PAR] Ye Olde English Marmalade \u2013 History and Recipe 1480 AD [PAR] English Chelsea Buns \u2013 History and Recipe [PAR] English Mustard \u2013 An English Icon [PAR] Lardy Cake \u2013 15th Century History and Recipe [PAR] History of Cribbage \u2013 An English Iconic Game [PAR] History of English Lawn Bowls \u2013 Jactus Lapidum [PAR] Jigsaw Puzzles \u2013 An English Iconic Game [PAR] The Valentine Card \u2013 An English Icon [PAR] Sir Francis Walsingham \u2013 Spymaster for Queen Elizabeth 1 [PAR] MI6 and \"C\" \u2013 First Head of MI6 from 1911 [PAR] P.M. Mrs Margaret Thatcher \u2013 The Iron lady [PAR] British Knighthoods \u2013 Iconic History [PAR] William Shakespeare \u2013 British Playwright Icon [PAR] The Globe Theatre \u2013 London Icon [PAR] Portsmouth Football Club ( Pompey ) 1898 [PAR] Twenty20 Cricket \u2013 It's Founder and History [PAR] Commonwealth Games \u2013 The Friendly Games [PAR] Earliest Horse Races \u2013 England 12th Century [PAR] The Grand National \u2013 England 1839 [PAR] The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race \u2013 It's Fun History [PAR] British Seaside Piers \u2013 History from 1391 [PAR] Robert Thompson \u2013 \u201cThe Mouseman\u201d Furniture Maker [PAR] Hauntings and History of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England [PAR] Many years ago I worked at Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England and as its history is very interesting I thought I would write about it's fun history. The Royal Hospital Haslar began as a Royal Navy hospital in 1753. It has a long"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Terence Stamp - The Movie Database (TMDb) Terence Stamp \u2014 The Movie Database (TMDb) [PAR] Read More [PAR] \u200bFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [PAR] Terence Henry Stamp (born 22 July 1938) is an award-winning English actor. Since starting his career in 1962 he has appeared in over 60 films. His title role as Billy Budd in his film debut earned Stamp an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and a BAFTA nomination for Best Newcomer. His other major roles include butterfly collector Freddie Clegg in The Collector, arch-villain General Zod in Superman and Superman II, transwoman Bernadette in The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, tough guy Wilson in The Limey, the Supreme Chancellor Valorum in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, ghost antagonist Ramsley in The Haunted Mansion, Elektra's master Stick in Elektra, Pekwarsky in Wanted, Maxwell Smart's arch-villain Siegfried in Get Smart, council of high help Terrence Bundley in Yes Man and the 20 July plot General Ludwig Beck in Valkyrie. Stamp has won a Golden Globe, a Cannes Film Festival Award, a Seattle International Film Festival Award, a Satellite Award and a Silver Bear. [PAR] Description above from the Wikipedia article Terence Stamp, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.[DOC] [TLE] Terence Stamp - Film Kijken Online Terence Stamp - Film Kijken Online [PAR] Terence Stamp [PAR] Contact | Copyright Policy | Privacy Policy [PAR] Disclaimer: This product uses the TMDb API but is not endorsed or certified by TMDb. [PAR] We do not offer any copyright infringement material, all our data comes from TMDb and trailers from YouTube. [PAR] Film Kijken Online \u00a9 2017"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE CORRECT MEANING OF \"CHURCH\" AND \"ECCLESIA\" THE CORRECT MEANING OF \"CHURCH\" AND \"ECCLESIA\" [PAR] THE CORRECT MEANING OF [PAR] \"CHURCH\" AND \"ECCLESIA\" [PAR] Let us make it clear from the very beginning that the established religious system, which manifests itself in the abomination called \"church\", is NOT of God. We intend to make it very clear, by studying the Greek words found in the New Testament, that the pattern which God intends His people to follow and live by is the ECCLESIA system, and is RADICALLY different than that which calls itself \"church\" in our day. As you read this short study the truth will dawn on you that Christians today have been fed a LIE, and that they have been enslaved by the religious systems of men. If you truly love Jesus and desire to follow Him in total obedience then you must seriously consider the facts that follow. We encourage each and every person who names the name of Christ to PRAY, FAST AND SEEK GOD concerning the important differences between how the first Christians lived and how Christians live today. [PAR] THE CORRECT MEANING OF \"CHURCH\" [PAR] (The following information is from ACMTC Library and BenWilliamsLibrary.com) [PAR] Let's start by defining the word. \"Church\" comes from the Old English and German word pronounced \"kirche.\" In Scotland, it was \"kirk.\" [PAR] The following entries are from the Oxford Universal English Dictionary: [PAR] Church [Old English cirice, circe; Middle English chereche, chiriche, chirche; whence churche, cherche, etc.: -Greek Kuriakon...] [PAR] Kirk The Northern English and Scottish form of CHURCH, in all its senses. [PAR] In the earlier Greek It was pronounced \"ku-ri-a-kos\" or \"ku-ri-a-kon.\" As you can see, this word doesn't even resemble the Greek word \"ecclesia\" whose place it has usurped. The meaning of \"Ku-ri-a-kos\" is understood by its root: \"Ku- ri-os,\" which means \"lord.\" Thus, \"kuriakos\" (i.e., \"church\") means \"pertaining to the lord.\" It refers to something that pertains to, or belongs to, a lord. The Greek \"kuriakos\" eventually came to be used in Old English form as \"cirice\" (Kee-ree-ke), then \"churche\" (kerke), and eventually \"church\" in its traditional pronunciation. A church, then, is correctly something that \"pertains to, or belongs to, a lord.\" [PAR] Now, as you can see, there is a major problem here. The translators broke the rules in a big way. When they inserted the word \"church\" in the English versions, they were not translating the Greek word \"kuriakos\", as one might expect. Rather, they were substituting an entirely different Greek word. This was not honest! The word \"church\" would have been an acceptable translation for the Greek word \"kuriakos.\" However, not by the wildest imagination of the most liberal translator can it ever be an acceptable translation for the Greek word \"ecclesia.\" Are you following this? Consider it carefully. This truth will answer many questions you've had about churches, and the kingdom. [PAR] \"Ecclesia\" is an entirely different word with an entirely different meaning than \"kuriakos.\" In fact, the Greek word \"kuriakos\" appears in the New Testament only twice. It is found once in I Corinthians 11:20 where it refers to \"the Lord's supper,\" and once again in Revelation 1:10 where it refers to \"the Lord's day.\" In both of those cases, it is translated \"the Lord's...\" - not \"church.\" This word does not appear again in the New Testament. Nonetheless, this is the unlikely and strange history of the word \"church\" as it came to the English language. Eventually, through the manipulation of organized religion \"church\" came to replace \"ecclesia\" by popular acceptance. Again, we must emphasize the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lovely Bones Trailer - YouTube Lovely Bones Trailer - YouTube [PAR] Lovely Bones Trailer [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 8, 2011 [PAR] The Lovely Bones is a 2002 novel by Alice Sebold. It is the story of a teenage girl who, after being raped and murdered, watches from her personal Heaven as her family and friends struggle to move on with their lives while she comes to terms with her own death [PAR] On December 6, 1973, in a suburb of Philadelphia, Susie Salmon takes her usual shortcut home from her school through a cornfield. George Harvey, a 36-year-old single man who lives alone and builds doll houses for a living, persuades her to have a look at an underground den he has recently dug in the field. Once she has entered it, he rapes and murders her with a knife and dismembers her body, putting her remains in a safe and dumps it in a sinkhole. Susie's spirit flees toward her personal heaven. [PAR] The Salmon family at first refuses to accept the fact that Susie is dead, until Susie's elbow is found by the neighbor's dog. The police talk to Harvey, finding him strange but seeing no reason to suspect him. Susie's father Jack, on extended leave from work, begins to suspect Harvey, a sentiment his surviving daughter Lindsey comes to share. [PAR] One day Len Fenerman, the detective assigned to the case, tells the Salmons that the police have exhausted all leads and are dropping the investigation. That night in his study, Jack looks out the window and sees a flashlight in the cornfield. Thinking that it is Harvey returning to destroy more evidence, he runs out to confront him, armed with a baseball bat. The figure is not Harvey, but actually Clarissa, Susie's best friend who is dating Brian, one of Susie's classmates. As Susie watches in horror from heaven, Brian - who was going to meet Clarissa in the cornfield - beats Jack with the bat, after finding him and the panicking Clarissa and breaks Jacks knee. While Jack recovers from a knee replacement surgery, Susie's mother, Abigail, begins an affair with the widowed Detective Fenerman. [PAR] Trying to help her father prove his suspicions, Lindsey sneaks into Harvey's house and finds a diagram of the underground den, but is forced to leave when Harvey returns unexpectedly. The police, however, satisfied with Harvey's explanation, do not arrest him, enables him a chance to flee Norristown. Later, evidence is discovered linking Harvey to Susie's murder, as well as to those of several other young girls. Susie meets his other victims in heaven, sees into Harvey's traumatic childhood, and realizes that he has made several unsuccessful attempts to stop killing. [PAR] Abigail leaves Jack, and eventually takes a job at a winery in California. Her mother, Grandma Lynn, moves into the Salmons' home to care for Buckley and Lindsey. Eight years later, Lindsey and her boyfriend, Samuel Heckler, become engaged after finishing college, find an old house in the woods owned by a classmate's father, and decide to fix it up and live there. Sometime after the celebration, while arguing with his son Buckley, Jack suffers a heart attack. The emergency prompts Abigail to return from California, but the reunion is tempered by Buckley's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scottish Terrier - Tale Of The Dog Scottish Terrier [PAR] [PAR] Dog Breeds [PAR] \"My goal in life is to be as good of a person my dog already thinks I am.\" [PAR] Unknown Author [PAR] [PAR] Scottish Terrier [PAR] The Scottish Terrier (also known as the Aberdeen Terrier), popularly called the Scottie, is a breed of dog best known for its distinctive profile, black color, and typical terrier personality. [PAR] The Scottish Terrier is one of five breeds of terrier that originated in Scotland. The other four are Skye, Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, and West Highland White Terriers. Its nickname is \"little diehard\", given to it in the 19th century by George, the fourth Earl of Dumbarton. The Earl had a famous pack of Scottish Terriers, so brave that they were named \u201cDiehards\u201d. They were supposed to have inspired the name of his Regiment, The Royal Scots, \"Dumbarton\u2019s Diehards\". [PAR] Appearance [PAR] A Scottish Terrier is a small but resilient terrier. Scotties are fast and have a muscular body and neck (a typical neck circumference is 14 inches), often appearing to be barrel chested. They are short-legged, cobby and sturdily built, with a long head in proportion to their size. [PAR] The Scottie should have large paws adapted for digging. Erect ears and tail are salient features of the breed. Their eyes are small, bright and almond-shaped and dark brown or nearly black in colour. [PAR] Size [PAR] Height at withers for both sexes should be roughly 25cm (10 in), and the length of back from withers to tail is roughly 28 cm (11 in). Generally a well-balanced Scottie dog should weigh from 8.5-10 kg (19-22 pounds) and a female from 8-9.9 kg (18-21 pounds). It is about 11-15 inches (28-38cm) in height. [PAR] Coat [PAR] The Scottie typically has a hard, wiry, long, weather-resistant outer coat and a soft dense under coat. The coat is typically trimmed and blended, with a longer coat on the beard, eyebrows, legs and lower body \u2014 traditionally shaggy-to-the-ground. The head, ears, tail and back are traditionally trimmed short. [PAR] The usual coat color ranges from dark gray to jet black. Scotties with 'Wheaten' (straw to nearly white) or 'Brindle' (mix of black and brown) coats sometimes occur, but should not be confused with the Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier or West Highland White Terrier. [PAR] Temperament [PAR] Scotties, like most terriers, are alert, quick and feisty \u2014 perhaps even more so than other terrier breeds. The breed is known to be independent and self-assured, playful, intelligent and has been nicknamed the 'Diehard' because of its rugged nature and endless determination. [PAR] Scotties, while being very loving, can also be particularly stubborn. Because the breed is inclined to be stubborn, it needs firm, gentle handling from an early age or it will dominate the household. They are sometimes seen as an aloof breed, although it is actually very loyal to its family and they are known to attach themselves to one or two people in their pack. The breed has been described as tempestuous, but also quite sensitive. [PAR] The Scottish Terrier makes a good watchdog due to its tendency to bark only when necessary and because it is typically reserved with strangers \u2014 although this is not always the case and it is important to remember that all dogs differ. It is a fearless breed that may be aggressive around other dogs unless introduced at an early age. [PAR] Scottish Terriers were originally bred to hunt and fight badgers. Therefore, the Scottie is prone to dig as well as chase small vermin, such"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Stories of Anton Chekhov by Anton Chekhov - The 30th ... The Stories of Anton Chekhov by Anton Chekhov - The 30th Greatest Fiction Book of All Time [PAR] Sign In [PAR] The Stories of Anton Chekhov by Anton Chekhov [PAR] Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian short-story writer, playwright and physician, considered to be one of the greatest short-story writers in the history of world literature. His career as a dramatist produced four classics and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Chekhov practised as a doctor throughout most of his literary career: \"Medicine is my lawful wife,\" he once said, \"and literature is my mistress.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baby and Child Care: Benjamin Spock Interview - YouTube Baby and Child Care: Benjamin Spock Interview - YouTube [PAR] Baby and Child Care: Benjamin Spock Interview [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 30, 2012 [PAR] Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 -- March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. About the book: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/143... [PAR] Throughout its first 52-years, Baby and Child Care was the second-best-selling book, next to the Bible. Its message to mothers is that \"you know more than you think you do.\" [PAR] Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs and family dynamics. His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children, and to treat them as individuals. In addition to his pediatric work, Spock was an activist in the New Left and anti Vietnam War movements during the 1960s and early 1970s. At the time his books were criticized by Vietnam War supporters for allegedly propagating permissiveness and an expectation of instant gratifications that led young people to join these movements, a charge Spock denied. Spock also won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University. [PAR] In 1962, Spock joined The Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, otherwise known as SANE. Spock was politically outspoken and active in the movement to end the Vietnam War. In 1968, he and four others (including William Sloane Coffin, Marcus Raskin, Mitchell Goodman, and Michael Ferber) were singled out for prosecution by then Attorney General Ramsey Clark on charges of conspiracy to counsel, aid, and abet resistance to the draft. Spock and three of his alleged co-conspirators were convicted, although the five had never been in the same room together. His two-year prison sentence was never served; the case was appealed and in 1969 a federal court set aside his conviction. [PAR] In 1967, Spock was to be nominated as Martin Luther King, Jr.'s vice-presidential running mate at the National Conference for New Politics over Labor Day weekend in Chicago. According to William F. Pepper's Orders to Kill, however, the conference was broken up by agents provocateurs working for the government. [PAR] In 1968, Spock signed the \"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest\" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. [PAR] Spock was the People's Party candidate in the 1972 United States presidential election with a platform that called for free medical care, the repeal of \"victimless crime\" laws, including the legalization of abortion, homosexuality, and marijuana, a guaranteed minimum income for families and the immediate withdrawal of all American troops from foreign countries. In the 1970s and 1980s, Spock demonstrated and gave lectures against nuclear weapons and cuts in social welfare programs. [PAR] In 1972, Spock, Julius Hobson (his Vice Presidential candidate), Linda Jenness (Socialist Workers Party Presidential candidate), and Socialist Workers Party Vice Presidential candidate Andrew Pulley wrote to Major General Bert A. David, commanding officer of Fort Dix, asking for permission to distribute campaign literature and to hold an election-related campaign meeting. On the basis of Fort Dix regulations 210-26 and 210-27,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Category:Chappel - Wikimedia Commons Category:Chappel - Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Category:Chappel [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] English: Chappel is a village in Essex which sits on the River Colne. It is famous for its Victorian viaduct that crosses the Colne valley. See also Wakes Colne . [PAR] Subcategories[DOC] [TLE] About: Chappel - DBpedia About: Chappel [PAR] About: Chappel [PAR] An Entity of Type : place , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] Chappel is a village and Civil parish in the borough of Colchester, Essex which sits on the River Colne. It is famous for its Victorian viaduct, which crosses the Colne valley. [PAR] Property [PAR] Chappel is een plaats en civil parish in het bestuurlijke gebied Colchester, in het Engelse graafschap Essex. [PAR] (nl) [PAR] Chappel \u2013 wie\u015b i civil parish w Anglii, w hrabstwie Essex, w dystrykcie Colchester. Le\u017cy 28 km na p\u00f3\u0142nocny wsch\u00f3d od miasta Chelmsford i 76 km na p\u00f3\u0142nocny wsch\u00f3d od Londynu. W 2011 roku civil parish liczy\u0142a 506 mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w. [PAR] (pl) [PAR] Chappel is a village and Civil parish in the borough of Colchester, Essex which sits on the River Colne. It is famous for its Victorian viaduct, which crosses the Colne valley. [PAR] (en)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HEPHAESTUS (Hephaistos) - Greek God of Smiths ... HEPHAESTUS (Hephaistos) - Greek God of Smiths & Metalworking (Roman Vulcan) [PAR] Hephaestus riding donkey, Athenian red-figure skyphos C5th B.C., Toledo Museum of Art [PAR] HEPHAISTOS (Hephaestus) was the Olympian god of fire, smiths, craftsmen, metalworking, stonemasonry and sculpture. He was depicted as a bearded man holding a hammer and tongs--the tools of a smith--and sometimes riding a donkey. [PAR] MYTHS [PAR] Some of the more famous myths featuring the god include:-- [PAR] His fall from Olympos in which he was cast away by Hera at birth. << More >> [PAR] The capture of Hera in a cursed throne and his return to Olympos. << More >> [PAR] The adultery of his wife Aphrodite who was trapped with Ares in a golden net. << More >> [PAR] The crafting of Pandora, the first woman, at the command of Zeus. << More >> [PAR] The attempted violation of Athena which resulted in the impregnation of Earth and the birth of Erikhthonios (Erichthonius). << More >> [PAR] The crafting of the cursed necklace of Harmonia which doomed her descendants to a cycle of tragedy. << More >> [PAR] The Trojan War in which he fought the river-god Skamandros (Scamander) with fire. << More >> [PAR] The crafting of the armour of Akhilleus (Achilles) at the request of the hero's mother Thetis. << More >> [PAR] Many other myths are detailed over the following pages. [PAR] HEPHAESTUS PAGES ON THEOI.COM [PAR] This site contains a total of 12 pages describing the god Hephaistos, including general descriptions, mythology, and cult. The content is outlined in the Index of Hephaestus Pages (left column or below). [PAR] FAMILY OF HEPHAESTUS [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1] HERA (no father) (Hesiod Theogony 927, Homeric Hymn 3.310, Apollodorus 1.19, Pausanias 1.20.3, Hyginus Pref) [PAR] [2] ZEUS & HERA (Apollodorus 1.19, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.22) [PAR] [3] TALOS (Pausanias 8.53.5) [PAR] I) THE HOMERIC HYMNS [PAR] Homeric Hymn 20 to Hephaestus (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to 4th B.C.) : [PAR] \"Sing, clear-voiced Mousa (Muse), of Hephaistos (Hephaestus) famed for inventions (klytometis). With bright-eyed Athene he taught men glorious crafts throughout the world,--men who before used to dwell caves in the mountains like wild beasts. But now that they have learned crafts through Hephaistos the famed worker (klytotekhnes), easily they live a peaceful life in their own houses the whole year round. Be gracious, Hephaistos, and grant me success and prosperity!\" [PAR] II) THE ORPHIC HYMNS [PAR] Orphic Hymn 66 to Hephaestus (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) : [PAR] \"To Hephaistos (Hephaestus), Fumigation from Frankincense and Manna. Strong, mighty Hephaistos, bearing splendid light, unwearied fire, with flaming torrents bright: strong-handed, deathless, and of art divine, pure element, a portion of the world is thine: all-taming artist, all-diffusive power, 'tis thine, supreme, all substance to devour: aither, sun, moon, and stars, light pure and clear, for these thy lucid parts [of fire] to men appear. To thee all dwellings, cities, tribes belong, diffused through mortal bodies, rich and strong. Hear, blessed power, to holy rites incline, and all propitious on the incense shine: suppress the rage of fire's unwearied frame, and still preserve our nature's vital flame.\" [PAR] Dionysus and Hephaestus riding donkey, Caeretan black-figure hydria C6th B.C., Kunsthistorisches Museum [PAR] PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF HEPHAESTUS [PAR] Classical literature offers only a few, brief descriptions of the physical characteristics of the gods. [PAR] Homer, Iliad 20. 37 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : [PAR] \"Hephaistos (Hephaestus) went the way of these in the pride of his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Howard hughes, Hercules and Flying boat on Pinterest Hercules, Museums and Planes on Pinterest [PAR] Forward [PAR] The Hughes H-4 Hercules (also known as the \"Spruce Goose\"1947). Built from wood because of wartime restrictions on the use of aluminum and concerns about weight, its critics nicknamed it the \"Spruce Goose\", despite its being made almost entirely of birch rather than spruce.The Hercules is the largest flying boat ever built and has the largest wingspan of any aircraft in history.It survives in good condition at the Evergreen Aviation Museum in McMinnville, Oregon, USA. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] The Spruce Goose | Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum ... The Spruce Goose | Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum | Wings & Waves Waterpark | McMinnville Oregon [PAR] Wings & Waves Waterpark [PAR] Contact [PAR] The Spruce Goose [PAR] At the center of our museum stands the original Spruce Goose. Built entirely of wood due to wartime restrictions on metals, this massive airplane stands as a symbol of American industry during World War II. Learn more about the history, first flight, and legacy of this mammoth plane. [PAR] Its History [PAR] [PAR] The largest airplane ever constructed, and flown only one time, the Spruce Goose represents one of man\u2019s greatest attempts to conquer the skies. It was born out of a need to move troops and material across the Atlantic Ocean, where in 1942, German submarines were sinking hundreds of Allied ships. Henry Kaiser, steel magnate and shipbuilder, conceived the idea of a massive flying transport and turned to Howard Hughes to design and build it. Hughes took on the task, made even more challenging by the government\u2019s restrictions on materials critical to the war effort, such as steel and aluminum. Six times larger than any aircraft of its time, the Spruce Goose, also known as the Flying Boat, is made entirely of wood. [PAR] Originally designated HK-1 for the first aircraft built by Hughes-Kaiser, the giant was re-designated H-4 when Henry Kaiser withdrew from the project in 1944. Nevertheless, the press insisted on calling it the \u201cSpruce Goose\u201d despite the fact that the plane is made almost entirely of birch. [PAR] The First Flight [PAR] [PAR] The winged giant made only one flight on November 2, 1947. The unannounced decision to fly was made by Hughes during a taxi test. With Hughes at the controls, David Grant as co-pilot, and several engineers, crewmen and journalists on board, the Spruce Goose flew just over one mile at an altitude of 70 feet for one minute. The short hop proved to skeptics that the gigantic machine could fly. [PAR] Perhaps always dreaming of a second flight, Hughes retained a full crew to maintain the mammoth plane in a climate-controlled hangar up until his death in 1976. [PAR] Its Legacy [PAR] [PAR] The Spruce Goose was kept out of the public eye for 33 years. After Hughes\u2019 death in 1976, it was gifted by Hughes\u2019 Summa Corporation to the Aero Club of Southern California. The Aero Club then leased it to the Wrather Corporation, and moved it into a domed hangar in Long Beach, California. [PAR] The Disney Company acquired the Wrather Corporation, thus taking over the lease of the Spruce Goose. Evergreen subsequently bought the aircraft from the Aero Club. [PAR] In 1992, Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum co-founders Michael King Smith and Delford M. Smith submitted the winning proposal to provide the aviation icon with a proper home. The Flying Boat was disassembled and transported by barge up the West Coast, then up the Columbia and Willamette Rivers, to Portland, Oregon. It"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flying Down to Rio (1933) - Rotten Tomatoes View All Photos (4) [PAR] Movie Info [PAR] The top-billed stars in the extravagant RKO musical Flying Down to Rio are Dolores Del Rio and Gene Raymond. Forget all that: this is the movie that first teamed Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. We're supposed to care about the romantic triangle between aviator/bandleader Raymond, Brazilian heiress Del Rio and her wealthy fiance Raul Roulien, but the moment Fred and Ginger dance to a minute's worth of \"The Carioca\", the film is theirs forever. Other musical highlights include Rogers' opening piece \"Music Makes Me\" and tenor Roulien's lush rendition of \"Orchids in the Moonlight\". Then there's the title number. The plot has it that Del Rio' uncle has been prohibited from having a floor show at his lavish hotel because of a Rio city ordinance. Astaire and Raymond save the day by staging the climactic \"Flying Down to Rio\" number thousands of feet in the air, with hundreds of chorus girls shimmying and swaying while strapped to the wings of a fleet of airplanes. It is one of the most outrageously brilliant numbers in movie musical history, and one that never fails to incite a big round of applause from the audience--even audiences of the 1990s. Together with King Kong, Flying Down to Rio saved the fledgling RKO Radio studios from bankruptcy in 1933. The film was a smash everywhere it played, encouraging the studio to concoct future teamings of those two stalwart supporting players Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. [PAR] Rating:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Westlife | New Music And Songs Westlife | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Westlife [PAR] About Westlife [PAR] Formed in Dublin in 1998, Westlife followed in the tradition of European boy bands like Take That and Boyzone. The group performed ballads and club-worthy pop songs for a devoted European audience, becoming one of the continent's most successful bands in the process. Although they never managed to find American success, Westlife released six platinum-selling records in the U.K. and eventually sold more than 40 million albums worldwide, a feat that helped them eclipse the popularity of pop titans like Boyzone, whose lead singer had managed the band during its infancy. [PAR] Vocalists Shane Filan, Kian Egan, and Mark Feehily first performed together in another pop group, IOYOU, and experienced their first brush with success when Simon Cowell considered signing them to BMG. The group's other singers didn't make the cut, however, and a new round of auditions was launched to find more capable members. Nicky Byrne and Bryan McFadden were eventually added, the group was signed, and Westlife began prepping its debut album with the help of Louis Walsh, Boyzone's manager, and Boyzone member Ronan Keating. Their debut single, \"Flying Without Wings,\" entered the U.K. charts at number one in 1999, a feat that Westlife replicated one year later with \"Seasons in the Sun\" and \"Swear It Again.\" All three songs were also released on the group's self-titled debut, which was met with similar success and went platinum in the U.K. An American release followed in early 2000 courtesy of Arista Records. [PAR] Westlife never managed to make a dent in America\u2019s pop scene, where national acts like the Backstreet Boys, *NSYNC, and Britney Spears reigned supreme. It was a different story in the U.K., though, where the group charted 14 number one singles and continued releasing hit albums. Both Coast to Coast and A World of Our Own went multi-platinum, and the group celebrated its success by releasing a hits compilation, Unbreakable, Vol. 1: The Greatest Hits, in 2002. Turnaround followed in 2003 and fared similarly well, but Bryan McFadden nevertheless left the lineup one later year in the hopes of launching his own career. \u201cReal to Me,\u201d his first single as a solo artist, topped the charts in 2004. [PAR] Westlife continued touring after McFadden\u2019s exit and released Allow Us to Be Frank, a tribute to the Rat Pack, in late 2004. They returned to their contemporary pop formula with 2005\u2019s Face to Face -- their biggest-selling album in three years -- and continued releasing material throughout the rest of the decade, including The Love Album, Back Home, and Where We Are. [PAR] In November 2010, Westlife released Gravity, their tenth studio album. Following the release of single \"Safe\", the band announced they would be leaving Simon Cowell's label Syco. Citing a lack of support from Cowell following Syco's unwillingness to release a second single from Gravity, the group signed a one-album deal with RCA Records. A Greatest Hits album was then released a year after Gravity, featuring four new songs that would turn out to be band's last as they announced they were to split following a farewell tour. Sold out in minutes, the tour was a huge success, ending on 23 June, 2012 at Croke Park Stadium in Dublin, Ireland, in front of a crowd of over 80,000. ~ Andrew Leahey, Rovi[DOC] [TLE] Westlife on Apple Music Westlife on Apple Music [PAR] To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Formed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flying Scotsman on London King's Cross to York run - BBC Flying Scotsman on London King's Cross to York run - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Flying Scotsman on London King's Cross to York run [PAR] 25 February 2016 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionAerial footage shows the locomotive racing north on its way to York, where crowds greeted the train [PAR] One of the world's most famous locomotives has completed its inaugural run after a decade-long, \u00a34.2m refit. [PAR] The Flying Scotsman made the journey from London King's Cross to York, where it will go on display at the National Railway Museum (NRM). [PAR] It arrived in York about 13.20 GMT, almost an hour later than expected, after it was twice held up by reports of trespassers. [PAR] The engine, which retired from service in 1963, has been restored for the NRM. [PAR] Former MP turned TV presenter Michael Portillo said: \"This is certainly the most famous journey and most famous locomotive in Britain.\" [PAR] Media captionVideo courtesy of Ryan Allen [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image caption The Flying Scotsman passed over the Digswell Viaduct near Welwyn Garden City on its inaugural run from London to York [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image caption Flying Scotsman passing through Potters Bar [PAR] The first disruption happened at about 09:00 near St Neots when the train was brought to a standstill while British Transport Police cleared the lines after reports of around 60 people on the track. No arrests were made. [PAR] Network Rail said the number of people on the trackside had caused \"safety concerns\" and resulted in a number of services, including Flying Scotsman, having to slow down.\" [PAR] The train was halted a second time north of Doncaster following reports of trespassers on the track which were later found to be false. [PAR] Media captionFlying Scotsman: Guard shouts at trespassers as train halted near St Neots [PAR] Image caption The locomotive's journey was halted for about five minutes by people trying to see the Flying Scotsman [PAR] Image copyright Graham Eva [PAR] Crowds gathered at King's Cross for its scheduled departure at 07:40 and thousands lined the route, while some of the 297 passengers paid up to \u00a3450 for a ticket to travel on the train. [PAR] Among the passengers was 83-year-old Ron Kennedy, from Leigh-on-Sea, in Essex, who drove Flying Scotsman from 1956 until it was retired in 1963. [PAR] He said \"It's unbelievable. I never dreamt about being on it again. To be out with it is just fantastic.\" [PAR] Image copyright National Railway Museum [PAR] Image caption Huge crowds gathered at York station to see the locomotive arrive [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image caption The Flying Scotsman left King's Cross at 07:40 GMT to begin its journey to York [PAR] NRM director, Paul Kirkman, said the restoration project was a \"long old journey\" but added that it was \"incredibly satisfying\" to see the locomotive returned to service. [PAR] The locomotive undertook a series of test runs through Cumbria and Lancashire earlier this year. [PAR] Flying Scotsman [PAR] Designed by Sir Nigel Gresley, Flying Scotsman emerged from Doncaster Works on 24 February 1923 [PAR] The British Empire Exhibition in 1924 made Flying Scotsman famous [PAR] In 1934, Scotsman was clocked at 100mph - officially the first locomotive to have reached that speed. But some claim City of Truro was the first steam engine to break the 100mph record, in 1904, when it apparently reached a speed of 102mph running down a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monty Python | Monty Python Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Monty Python | Monty Python Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Front row: Terry Jones , John Cleese , Michael Palin [PAR] Monty Python, or The Pythons, is the collective name of the creators of Monty Python's Flying Circus , a British television comedy sketch show that first aired on the BBC on 5 October 1969. A total of 45 episodes were made over four series. However, the Python phenomenon developed from the original television series into something much greater, in scope and impact: it spawned touring stage shows, four films, numerous albums, several books and a spin-off stage musical\u2014as well as launching the members on to individual stardom. [PAR] The television series, broadcast by the BBC from 1969 to 1974, was conceived, written and performed by Graham Chapman , John Cleese , Terry Gilliam , Eric Idle , Terry Jones , and Michael Palin . Loosely structured as a sketch show but with a highly innovative stream-of-consciousness approach (aided by Terry Gilliam's animations), it pushed the boundaries of what was then considered acceptable, both in terms of style and in content. [PAR] The group's influence on comedy has often been compared to The Beatles' influence on music, [1] [2] a self-contained comedy team responsible for both writing and performing their work and changing the way performers entertained audiences. The Pythons' creative control allowed them to experiment with form and content, discarding the established rules of television comedy and breaking new ground for those who came after (George Harrison, who became friends with several members of the cast, said that he regarded Monty Python as 'continuing the spirit' of The Beatles). Their influence on British comedy of all kinds has been apparent for many years, while in America it has coloured the work of many cult performers from the early editions of Saturday Night Live through to more recent absurdist trends in television comedy. [PAR] There are differing accounts of the origins of the Python name although the members agree that its only 'significance' was that they thought it sounded funny. In the 1998 documentary Live At Aspen the group implied that 'Monty' was selected as a gently-mocking tribute to Field Marshal Lord Montgomery, a legendary British general of World War II; requiring a \"slippery-sounding\" surname, they settled on 'Python'. On other occasions Idle has claimed that the name 'Monty' was that of a popular and rotund fellow who drank in his local pub; people would often walk in and ask the barman, \"Has Monty been in yet?\", forcing the name to become stuck in his mind. These explanations aside, some believe that 'Monty Bodkin', the name of a character in several books by humourist P. G. Wodehouse, served on some level as an inspiration. [PAR] In a 2005 poll to find The Comedian's Comedian, three of the six members were voted among the top 50 greatest comedians ever, by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. Palin was at number 30, Idle was voted 21st and Cleese was at two, just beaten to the top by Peter Cook. [PAR] Contents [PAR] in Do Not Adjust Your Set . [PAR] Palin and Jones first met at Oxford University, while Cleese and Chapman met at the University of Cambridge. Idle was also at Cambridge, but started a year after Cleese and Chapman. Cleese met Gilliam in New York while on tour with the Cambridge University Footlights revue Cambridge Circus (originally entitled A Clump of Plinths). [PAR] Chapman, Cleese and Idle were all members of the Footlights, which at that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rolls Royce \"flying Lady\" Hood Ornament - Northstar Gallery Rolls Royce \"flying Lady\" Hood Ornament - Northstar Gallery [PAR] 1933 Rolls Royce \"Flying Lady\" [PAR] SPIRIT OF ECSTASY [PAR] \"The Flying Lady\" [PAR] The Spirit of Ecstasy is one of the most well known motor car mascot in the world. Designed by Charles Robinson Sykes, The Spirit of Ecstasy has adorned the radiators of Rolls-Royce motor cars since 1911. This wonderful mascot was modeled after a young woman who had bewitching beauty, intellect and esprit - but not the social status which might have permitted her to marry the man with whom she had fallen in love. [PAR] The model was Eleanor Velasco Thornton, whose relationship with John Walter Edward-Scott-Montagu remained a secret for over a decade, principally because both lovers acted with the utmost discretion. John Scott, heir to his father's title, was a pioneer of the automobile in England. From 1902 he was editor of the \"The Car\". Eleanor Thornton served as his secretary. Friends of the pair knew of their close relationship but they were sufficiently understanding as to overlook it. [PAR] A member of this circle of friends was the sculptor Charles S Sykes. Lord Montagu ordered t he creation of a special mascot for his Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The small statue depicted a young woman in fluttering robes having placed one forefinger to her lips. The sculptor had chosen Eleanor Thornton as model for this figurine, which was christened \"The Whisper\". [PAR] Lord Montagu had made the decision to put a mascot on top of the radiator, and it had become a fashion. Rolls-Royce had noted other owners of their cars following the new vogue, but doing so with questionable style by choosing mundane or even risqu\ufffd and vulgar subjects. [PAR] Following Lord Montagu's commission, Charles Sykes was asked to create a mascot which in future would adorn every Rolls-Royce. In February 1911 he presented the \"Spirit of Ecstasy\", which was easily recognizable as being a variation on the theme of \"The Whisper\". The similarity was hardly coincidental because the model for both had been Miss Thornton. [PAR] The Spirit of Ecstasy was delivered by the Company with every Rolls-Royce. Each was done using the technique which was thousands of years old and known as the lost-wax method. This practice results in the mould's being destroyed to reveal the casting, which explains why no two figures are exactly alike. Sykes, assisted by his daughter Jo, remained responsible for manufacturing the Spirit of Ecstasy for many years. Likewise, each of the unique creations bore his signature on the plinth. The sculptures are either signed \"Charles Sykes, February 1911\" or sometimes \"Feb 6, 1911\" or \"6.2.11\". Even after Rolls-Royce took over the casting of the figures in 1948 each Spirit of Ecstasy continued to receive this inscription until 1951. [PAR] From 1911 to 1914 the Spirit of Ecstasy was silver-plated and thus many thought it a massive piece of precious metal - one reason for the frequent thefts. In smaller versions, and now made from highly polished nickel alloy, the radiator decoration has stood its ground on every Rolls-Royce, including those in the present range. [PAR] Over the years various alterations have been made. Those mascots for Rolls-Royce motor cars at the Springfield plant in the USA were modified. Bowing a little more forward no longer were they a danger to the bonnet. The original version had touched the bonnet sides when these were opened without the precaution having been taken of turning the figure sideways. [PAR] Royce did not like the Spirit of Ecstasy,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wallenda's history Wallenda's history [PAR] Wallenda's history [PAR] As far back as 1780, in the cafes of Old Bohemia in the Austro-Hungarian [PAR] Empire, the ancestral Wallenda family was a traveling circus troupe consisting [PAR] of acrobats, jugglers, http://www.cialispharmaciefr24.com/tadalafil-comprime/ clowns, aerialists and animal trainers all in one family. [PAR] They traveled through the villages of Europe setting up and performing in the [PAR] city squares, trusting in their talent and skills to provoke thrills and joy, relying [PAR] on the generosity of the audience to reward them as they passed the hat [PAR] around. In the late 1800s, for the next two generations, they became known [PAR] for their expertise in the art of flying trapeze. [PAR] Karl Wallenda was born in Magdeburg, Germany, in 1905. He was performing in the family show at age six and doing stunts in beer halls at age eleven. His feature was stacking several chairs and doing a handstand on the top chair. In the early 1920s, he answered an ad in a trade paper for \"an experienced hand balancer with courage.\" The job consisted of following behind a wire-walker, Louis Weitzmann, out to the middle of the wire and doing a handstand on Weitzmann's feet as he lay down on the cable. Karl learned the art from him and in 1922, began to develop his own act, recruiting his brother Herman, an aerialist named Josef Geiger, and a teenage girl, Helen Kreis, who would eventually become Karl's wife. [PAR] The act toured Europe for several years and featured an amazing 4-person, 3-level pyramid. Karl precariously balanced on a chair on top of a bar between the shoulders of the two men who were on bicycles on a wire 50 feet in the air while Helen would stand on Karl's shoulders! This act was such a sensation that when John Ringling saw them performing in Cuba, he immediately contracted them to appear with the \"Greatest Show On Earth.\" When the Great Wallendas debuted their act (without a net - it had been misplaced in shipping) at Madison Square Garden in 1928, they received a standing ovation that lasted 15 minutes! Never before or to date has applause stopped a performance for that length of time. [PAR] The Great Wallendas were headliners with Ringling Brothers, Barnum & Bailey Circus during much of the 1930s and 1940s. Once in Akron, Ohio, the wire slipped slightly as they were performing. All four members fell to the wire, yet they were relatively unhurt. The next day, a reporter who witnessed the accident stated in the newspaper, \"The Wallendas fell so gracefully that it seemed as if they were flying,\", and the headline read \"THE FLYING WALLENDAS.\" That name is still synonymous with the family to this day. [PAR] In 1944, the Wallendas were performing when the greatest tragedy in circus history took place, the Hartford Fire. As the blaze started, they heard the first screams and saw the flames ripping through the bleachers. One by one, they slid down the ropes and out to safety. Over 168 people lost their lives in the fire, not to mention the many animals that were lost. [PAR] The year 1947 was the one in which Karl began to build a circus of his own. At the Wallenda's Sarasota, Florida, home that winter, he also created his crowning achievement -- the seven-person chair pyramid. Four men stood on a wire 35 feet in the air, two pairs yoked together by shoulder bars. On top of them on the second level stood two more men, again yoked together with a shoulder"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clue (board game) - Clue Wiki - Wikia Clue (board game) | Clue Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Genre [PAR] Murder-Mystery [PAR] Clue (Cluedo outside the U.S.) is a popular murder-mystery board game. It was originally published in Leeds, England in 1949. It was devised by Anthony E. Pratt, a so [PAR] ly move around the game board (a mansion), as of one of the game's six suspects (or, collecting clues from which to deduce which suspect murdered the game's perpetual victim: Mr. Boddy ( Dr. Black , outside of U.S.), and with which weapon and in what room. [PAR] Several games, books, and a film have been released as part of the Cluedo franchise. The board game forms a chronology. Overall, several spinoffs have been released, some featuring extra characters, and for some, different game play. More recent editions have restored the name Boddy Mansion to the mansion, and say the mansion is located in Boston, Massachusetts in the year 1954 (located in Hampshire, England outside of the U.S.). [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] In 1944, Anthony E. Pratt, an English solicitor's clerk, filed for a patent of his invention of a murder/mystery-themed game, originally named \"Murder!\" The game was originally invented as a new game to play during sometimes lengthy air raid drills in underground bunkers. Shortly thereafter, Pratt and his wife presented the game to Waddingtons' executive, Norman Watson, who immediately purchased the game and provided its trademark name of \"Cluedo\" (a play on \"clue\" and \"Ludo\", which is Latin for \"I play\"). Though the patent was granted in 1947, due to post-war shortages, the game was not officially launched until 1949, at which time the game was simultaneously licensed to Parker Brothers in the United States for publication, where it was re-named \"Clue\" along with other minor changes. [PAR] However, there were several differences between the original game concept and that initially published in 1949, In particular, Pratt's original design calls for ten characters, one of whom was to be designated the victim by random drawing prior to the start of the game. These ten included the eliminated Mr. Brown, Mr. Gold, Miss Grey, and Mrs. Silver, with Nurse White, and Colonel Yellow. The game allowed for play of up to eight remaining characters, providing for nine suspects in total. Originally there were eleven rooms, including the eliminated \"gun room\" and cellar. In addition there were nine weapons including the unused axe, bomb, syringe, poison, shillelagh (walking stick/cudgel), and fireplace poker. Some of these unused weapons and characters would appear in later spinoff versions of the game. [PAR] Some gameplay aspects were different as well. Notably, the remaining playing cards were distributed into the rooms to be retrieved, rather than dealt directly to the players. Players also had to land on another player in order to make suggestions about that player's character through the use of special counter-tokens, and once exhausted, a player could no longer make suggestions. There were other minor differences, all of which would be updated by the game's initial release and remain essentially unchanged in the standard classic editions of the game. [PAR] Equipment [PAR] Edit [PAR] The game's current equipment consists of a board which shows the rooms, corridors and secret passages of an English country house called Boddy Mansion, although previously named variously as Tudor Close or Tudor Hall, and in some editions Tudor Manor or Tudor Mansion). The game box also includes several colored playing pieces to represent characters, miniature murder weapon props, one or two six-sided dice, three sets of cards, each set describing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Board Games Puzzles - Board Games [PAR] 1. Name the three red properties on a standard UK Monopoly board? [PAR] 2. What is the name of the victim in 'Cluedo'? [PAR] 3. In Risk, what colour is Europe? [PAR] 4. What is the only UK monopoly property which contains all of the letters in the word 'monopoly' in its name? [PAR] 5. In Scrabble, which two letters are worth 8 points? [PAR] 6. In UK Monopoly, how much money does each player have at the start of the game? [PAR] 7. How many white squares are there on a chess board? [PAR] 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980\u2019s and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? [PAR] 9. How many rooms are there in 'Cluedo'? [PAR] 10. 16. With which board game would you associate Bernard, Eric, Frans, Maria and Anita? [PAR] 1. Name the three red properties on a standard UK Monopoly board? Trafalgar Square, Strand, Fleet Street [PAR] 2. What is the name of the victim in 'Cluedo'? Doctor Black [PAR] 3. In Risk, what colour is Europe? Blue [PAR] 4. What is the only UK monopoly property which contains all of the letters in the word 'monopoly' in its name? Electric Company [PAR] 6. In UK Monopoly, how much money does each player have at the start of the game? \ufffd1,500 [PAR] 7. How many white squares are there on a chess board? 32 [PAR] 5. In Scrabble, which two letters are worth 8 points? [PAR] Are they X and J?????? [PAR] 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980\ufffds and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? [PAR] don't know the name, but is it that sort of tilt-'n-turn maze? If so, I think we've got one somewhere ... [PAR] 9. How many rooms are there in 'Cluedo'? [PAR] 9??????????? [PAR] well done Helio and the Chaircat [PAR] Has anyone ever played Risk? would you recommend it? actually, will start a new topic on the subject [PAR] 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980\u2019s and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? [PAR] Screwball Scramble [PAR] never heard of it! i was thinking of Mousetrap! which my cousin had and I never did [PAR] 10. 16. With which board game would you associate Bernard, Eric, Frans, Maria and Anita? [PAR] Guess Who! [PAR] STPD's favourite game for a while. [PAR] I'm not sure about Risk. It can lead to brother (and sister) raising hand against brother - there's only so many times you can forgive backstabbing and betrayal! [PAR] [PAR] Oh heck we can do that here without the help of any old board game - just 'who left the trail of crumbs up the stairs' 'not me, it must have been my sister' does the trick."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Board Games - Hard Facts Puzzles - Board Games [PAR] 1. Name the three red properties on a standard UK Monopoly board? [PAR] 2. What is the name of the victim in 'Cluedo'? [PAR] 3. In Risk, what colour is Europe? [PAR] 4. What is the only UK monopoly property which contains all of the letters in the word 'monopoly' in its name? [PAR] 5. In Scrabble, which two letters are worth 8 points? [PAR] 6. In UK Monopoly, how much money does each player have at the start of the game? [PAR] 7. How many white squares are there on a chess board? [PAR] 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980\u2019s and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? [PAR] 9. How many rooms are there in 'Cluedo'? [PAR] 10. 16. With which board game would you associate Bernard, Eric, Frans, Maria and Anita? [PAR] 1. Name the three red properties on a standard UK Monopoly board? Trafalgar Square, Strand, Fleet Street [PAR] 2. What is the name of the victim in 'Cluedo'? Doctor Black [PAR] 3. In Risk, what colour is Europe? Blue [PAR] 4. What is the only UK monopoly property which contains all of the letters in the word 'monopoly' in its name? Electric Company [PAR] 6. In UK Monopoly, how much money does each player have at the start of the game? \ufffd1,500 [PAR] 7. How many white squares are there on a chess board? 32 [PAR] 5. In Scrabble, which two letters are worth 8 points? [PAR] Are they X and J?????? [PAR] 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980\ufffds and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? [PAR] don't know the name, but is it that sort of tilt-'n-turn maze? If so, I think we've got one somewhere ... [PAR] 9. How many rooms are there in 'Cluedo'? [PAR] 9??????????? [PAR] well done Helio and the Chaircat [PAR] Has anyone ever played Risk? would you recommend it? actually, will start a new topic on the subject [PAR] 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980\u2019s and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? [PAR] Screwball Scramble [PAR] never heard of it! i was thinking of Mousetrap! which my cousin had and I never did [PAR] 10. 16. With which board game would you associate Bernard, Eric, Frans, Maria and Anita? [PAR] Guess Who! [PAR] STPD's favourite game for a while. [PAR] I'm not sure about Risk. It can lead to brother (and sister) raising hand against brother - there's only so many times you can forgive backstabbing and betrayal! [PAR] [PAR] Oh heck we can do that here without the help of any old board game - just 'who left the trail of crumbs up the stairs' 'not me, it must have been my sister' does the trick."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cluedo / Clue Frequently Asked Questions - Cluedofan.com Cluedo / Clue Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] What is Cluedo / Clue / Detetive / [PAR] / [PAR] Cluedo (Europe & Australia), Clue (North America), Detetive (Brazil), [PAR] Mystery Game (Japan) and [PAR] Cluedo (China) are all different names for the same game (hereafter refered to as Cluedo for simplicity). Cluedo is a game of deduction where you get to play detective by trying to work out whodunit, with what and where. [PAR] Who invented Cluedo, when and where? [PAR] Cluedo was invented by Anthony E. Pratt [E = Ernest], a solicitor's clerk from Birmingham in England. He invented the game in 1943 with the help of his wife (who designed the board). In 1948 he submitted it to Waddington's Games in Leeds, who published it for the first time in 1949. For more information, see the Patent . [PAR] What does the name \"Cluedo\" mean? [PAR] \"Cluedo\" is a pun on the traditional game \"Ludo\" (which is also Latin for \"I play\"); mixed with the word Clue for the murder mystery element. So it's saying Murder Mystery Boardgame in one word. I believe Ludo is not well known in the USA, thus as the pun would not be understood, Parker Brothers probably decided to just call it Clue for marketing reasons. [PAR] What was the original name of the game? [PAR] It was originally named \"Murder\", but changed it's name to Cluedo / Clue before publication. [PAR] Who were the original suspects? [PAR] The original ten suspects were Doctor Black, Mr. Brown, Mr. Gold, The Rev. Mr. Green, Miss Grey, Professor Plum, Miss Scarlet, Nurse White, Mrs. Silver and Colonel Yellow. These were changed to the infamous six - Colonel Mustard, Professor Plum, Reverend Green, Mrs. White, Miss Scarlett and Mrs. Peacock when the game was published. For more information, see the Patent . [PAR] What were the original weapons? [PAR] The original nine weapons were: Axe , Shillelagh? (1) , Bomb, Rope, Dagger, Pistol, Hypodermic Syringe, Poison and Poker. For more information, see the Patent . [PAR] What are the suspects called in other countries? [PAR] For a list of the names that I know about - please see the International Section . If you know of any others not listed, then please Contact Me [PAR] In which county was Dr. Black murdered? [PAR] This was a question posed in the Bechtel Engineering Christmas Quiz 2001. For all those that need the answer, I think the answer you want is \"Hampshire\". This is because the 2000 edition of the game has a newspaper on the front cover; on which it says: \"The eminent anthropologist and man of letters Dr Black was found dead last night at his Hampshire home...\". [PAR] How many possible solutions are there in the standard game? [PAR] 6 * 6 * 9 = 324 permutations. [PAR] Products [PAR] Where can I buy Master Detective/Super Sleuth/Super Cluedo Challenge/Jigsaws/Passport to Murder/... ? [PAR] All of these games are out of print. Your best chance of finding them are from second hand or auction websites. I throughly recommend eBay.com / eBay.co.uk . [PAR] Where can I get the detective notes for ... ? [PAR] If you want \"real\" ones, contact you local Hasbro outlet (the address should be on your game box or go to Hasbro.com , Hasbro.co.uk or other Hasbro site for your country). [PAR] Suda.co.uk has a very useful Detective Notepad for serious players of the Original game! [PAR] Where can I buy Clue books? [PAR] Most clue books can still be found on sites"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision 2015 Final - nul points for you if you read any ... Eurovision 2015 Final - nul points for you if you read any other live blog - Telegraph [PAR] Eurovision [PAR] Eurovision 2015 Final - nul points for you if you read any other live blog [PAR] As it happened: with Sweden crowned winners, relive every glitter cannon, key change and flag wave of the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 [PAR] Charlotte Runcie and Siobhan Palmer [PAR] 1:35AM BST 24 May 2015 [PAR] \u2022 Awkward: Australia gives UK nul points [PAR] 01:35 Thank you and goodnight! [PAR] I'm going to wrap up this liveblog now, but what an evening we've all had. Thank you for being with us every step of the way with your jokes, snacks and offers of gin. It's been a blast and Siobhan and I couldn't have done it without you. Douze points to us all. The creepiness of Armenia will stay with us for a long time, I fear. [PAR] Goodnight Europe, and see you next year in Sweden! [PAR] 01:01 Sweden speaks [PAR] M\u00e5ns Zelmerl\u00f6w has been giving a post-final press conference in Vienna. Here's what he had to say about the win: [PAR] \"It was absolutely amazing. I didn't hear it when they first said it - Christer Bj\u00f6rkman told me a few second later. I thought Russia or Italy would win it. But then I did it, and I was so happy. My feelings are now all over the place. I am so proud, so excited, so full of joy.\" [PAR] Awww. Some Swedes have been celebrating in understated national style on social media too: [PAR] Good result innit. #Eurorvision2015 [PAR] \u2014 Emma Lofgren (@ekjlofgren) May 23, 2015 [PAR] Sweden has now mathematically won Eurovision already. Yay us! [PAR] \u2014 Endigo - NEW MV OUT! (@EndigoDarkBad) May 23, 2015 [PAR] What a night. Well done, Sweden. You were magnificent. [PAR] 00:27 Poor Austria [PAR] OK so the UK didn't do particularly well - we came 24th, with a total of only five points - but Austria were the hosts, and they came away with nul points. Their song was boring, sure, but that's got to hurt. [PAR] 00:18 Did Sweden deserve to win? Did the UK deserve to do so badly? [PAR] So, what do you think? Did Sweden deserve it? Were Australia robbed? Should Russia have taken the prize? Vote in our poll and let us know what you think . [PAR] Twitter reaction to Electro Velvet's failure has ranged from sympathetic to optimistic, via furious. [PAR] I am pretty sad for @ElectroVelvet and @BojanaStamenov , though. Both acts were outstanding: my favorites. #Eurovision [PAR] \u2014 Megan Engelhardt (@MadMerryMeg) May 23, 2015 [PAR] Australia bears the Union Jack, so technically UK's in the top 10... congrats, @ElectroVelvet #Eurovision [PAR] \u2014 Eray Kurtoglu (@ErayTheDoughnut) May 23, 2015 [PAR] @ElectroVelvet I'm still in love with you [PAR] \u2014 Mr L (@LMac1970) May 23, 2015 [PAR] Maybe Nigella should perform our song next year. [PAR] 00:04 Revelations time [PAR] As the clock ticks over into tomorrow, breaking news about our winner. He has said some slightly unsavoury things about gay rights in the past, but apologised in... startling fashion. [PAR] @underwood_jack he apologised for it I think. And then did this at a gay gala pic.twitter.com/CHyMaoeNFs [PAR] \u2014 Katherine Lovage (@KatherinePurr) May 23, 2015 [PAR] 23:58 The trophy is handed over [PAR] 23:55 Sweden celebrate winning! [PAR] And a hug between M\u00e5ns Zelmerl\u00f6w and Conchita before M\u00e5ns makes a touching statement about everyone being heroes, no matter who we are or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Useful Musical Terms! | Your Personal Singing ... Glossary of Useful Musical Terms! | Your Personal Singing Guide [PAR] ~~ A ~~ [PAR] Absolute Pitch [PAR] Ability to determine the exact pitch of a note as played on a musical instrument just by listening to it [PAR] A Cappella [PAR] One or more singers performing without instrumental accompaniment [PAR] A Tempo [PAR] To sing or play as per the original tempo of the song [PAR] Accelerando [PAR] To gradually quicken the tempo of the song [PAR] Accent [PAR] Rhythmically significant stress in a line of verse [PAR] Accidentals [PAR] Any of various signs that indicate the alteration of a note by one or two semitones or the cancellation of a previous sign. [PAR] Accompaniment [PAR] Music that is played as background to a solo singer or lead instrumentalist [PAR] Ad Libitum (Ad Lib; Latin) [PAR] At liberty; the performer decides how to sing or play the respective section or notes [PAR] Adagio [PAR] At a moderate tempo [PAR] Arpeggio [PAR] When the notes of a chord are played quickly, one after another. Usually used as accompaniment for a song, for example, broken chords. [PAR] ~~ B ~~ [PAR] Unit of music contained between 2 bar lines; measure [PAR] Baritone [PAR] Mid ranged male singing voice [PAR] Bass [PAR] Lowest of the male singing voices [PAR] Bass Clef [PAR] A symbol placed on the fourth line of a staff to indicate that the fourth line of the staff corresponds to the F next below middle C; F clef. [PAR] Beat [PAR] Basic unit of musical rhythm, a single stroke of a rhythmic accent [PAR] Bridge [PAR] A transitional passage that connects 2 sections of a composition or song. Usually placed after the chorus of a song. [PAR] Broken Chord [PAR] A chord in which the notes are not played simultaneously at once, but in some consistent sequence. Notes are played either consecutively one after another, or 2 notes by 2 notes in a specific order. [PAR] ~~ C ~~ [PAR] Cadence [PAR] A musical term referring to a chord sequence that brings an end to a musical phrase [PAR] Canon [PAR] Musical form where a melody or phrase is imitated by individual instrument or voice parts at various intervals of the song. The melody or phrase may be repeated backwards, inverted, or even at various tempos. [PAR] Cantabile [PAR] 3 or 4 notes played simultaneously in specific harmony [PAR] Chord Progression [PAR] A series of chords played in succession [PAR] Chorus [PAR] A group of singers; The main hook of a song that is repeated many times [PAR] Chromatic Scale [PAR] A musical scale that includes all the notes within an octave, including sharps and flats. Total of 12 distinct notes within a chromatic scale. [PAR] Clef [PAR] Symbol at the beginning of the staff that decides the pitch of the notes on the staff. Most common clefs are the treble and bass clef. [PAR] Crescendo [PAR] A musical term for dynamics direction; gradually getting louder [PAR] Coda [PAR] Tail; closing section appended to a movement or song [PAR] Coloratura [PAR] Colouration, ornamentation of a vocal line or phrase. Can also refer to a Soprano voice suited for such colouration or ornamentation. [PAR] Common Time [PAR] The time signature of 4/4; four beats per measure, each beat a quarter note (a crotchet) in length. 4/4 is often written on the musical staff as \u2018C\u2019. [PAR] Compound Time [PAR] Metrical time such that 3 beats are counted as one; each beat is divisible by 3 [PAR] Contralto [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Instrument Lab | ArtsAlive.ca Music Instrument Lab | ArtsAlive.ca Music [PAR] Percussions [PAR] The Woodwind Section [PAR] Woodwinds are basically tubes pierced with holes. They produce sound through the vibration of the air column inside the tube. Different notes are produced by blowing in the tube while covering some of the holes. The longer the column of air that is set in vibration, the lower the pitch of the note. Some woodwinds have reeds. A reed is a thin piece of cane that vibrates when blown across. [PAR] Piccolo [PAR] A tiny flute that plays an octave (eight notes) higher than a full-sized flute [PAR] Made of wood, silver or plastic [PAR] Played out to the side, not down like a recorder [PAR] Has the highest range in the woodwind family [PAR] Is the smallest member of the woodwind family [PAR] Flute [PAR] A cylindrical tube closed at one end [PAR] One end has a side hole which the player blows across, making the column of air inside vibrate [PAR] Holes along the instrument are closed by fingers on keys to produce the tone [PAR] Has a range from middle B or C upward for three octaves [PAR] Generally made of silver, occasionally gold, platinum or wood is used [PAR] Older flutes were generally made of wood [PAR] Does not have a reed [PAR] A cylindrical tube closed by a single reed at one end [PAR] A single reed woodwind [PAR] Most often made of African hard wood [PAR] One of the most versatile of all orchestra instruments [PAR] Has a very expressive tone [PAR] Has the largest range of all the woodwinds [PAR] Made of grenadilla or rosewood [PAR] Consists of a conical pipe, narrower at the top than at the bottom [PAR] Has three sections: top joint, lower joint, and bell [PAR] Has a double reed which is placed in the top end of the instrument [PAR] Has nearly a three octave range [PAR] Produces a high, penetrating, melancholy tone [PAR] Evolved out of the shawm and other ancient middle-eastern instruments [PAR] Gives the tuning \"A\" at the beginning of the concert [PAR] Bassoon [PAR] A conical bore double reed instrument, open at both ends [PAR] The natural bass of the woodwind family - yet has three distinct tone characteristics in the low, tenor and high registers [PAR] Has two side by side tubes with a \"U\" tube at the bottom (which takes the lowest notes of the bassoon to the \"top\" of the instrument) [PAR] Made of Yugoslavian maple wood [PAR] Its lowest tones provide a solid base for orchestra harmony"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oasis Artistfacts - Songfacts Oasis Artistfacts [PAR] Artistfacts [PAR] Artistfacts for Oasis [PAR] They are often compared to The Beatles. Liam Gallagher has a son named Lennon with his ex-wife, actress Patsy Kensit. [PAR] Noel is five years older than Liam, but Liam formed the band. Noel joined after a year as a roadie for The Inspiral Carpets. He had been writing songs, which became the hits for Oasis, including \"Live Forever.\" [PAR] The Gallagher brothers are notoriously surly toward their fans. \"I don't have to be nice to people because they dig my music,\" Noel told Rolling Stone. \"I don't live my life to have my picture taken by fans. I'm not asking them to buy records. They buy them because they like them.\" [PAR] They are wildly popular in England, with eight #1 hits, but have never had much success in the US. Noel claims this is because Americans have \"very bad taste\" in music, and cites The Backstreet Boys as an example. [PAR] Noel left their 2000 European tour after he and Liam got in a fist-fight in Barcelona. They finished the tour without him. [PAR] Noel and Liam are from Manchester and have the thick accents associated with the city. MTV once poked fun at their inscrutable speech by subtitling them. [PAR] Paul Arthurs and Paul McGuigan left the band during the recording of the Standing On The Shoulder Of Giants album, and their parts were recorded again by the actual guitarist and bassist, Gem Archer and Andy Bell. (thanks, Carlos Arredondo - Monterrey, Mexico) [PAR] Their album Standing On The Shoulder Of Giants is named after an inscription on the British 2 Pound coin. The coin says: \"Standing On The Shoulders Of Giants and is a tribute to Isaac Newton. The album title was supposed to say \"shoulders,\" but by the time they noticed the mistake, it was too late. [PAR] In 1996 the group smashed the record for most weeks on the UK singles chart in one year with 134 weeks. The previous best was Adam And The Ants back in 1981, who amassed 91 weeks in that year. (thanks, Chris - Stoke-on-trent, England) [PAR] Drummer Zac Starkey joined Oasis for a tour in 2005. He is the son of Beatles drummer Ringo Star, and was working with The Who. His decision to join Oasis threw off plans for a tour and album from The Who. (thanks, Calum - Lossiemouth, Scotland) [PAR] Noel Gallagher has a daughter called Anais with his ex-wife Meg Matthews and Liam has two sons: Lennon, whose mother is Patsy Kensit, and Gene, whose mother is Liam's wife Nicole Appleton who used to be in All Saints. (thanks, Claire - Manchester, England) [PAR] Definitely Maybe was voted best album of all time by NME and partners. (What's The Story) Morning Glory? ranked fifth in this chart. (thanks, Daniel - London, England) [PAR] Together with Blur and Pulp, Oasis are closely identified with the Britpop movement. Britpop is an abbreviation of British Popular music, referring to the mid-1990s sound epitomized by guitar based tunes. (thanks, Bertrand - Paris, France) [PAR] Liam Gallagher married Nicole Appleton of All Saints in 2008. Like Liam, Nicole also has a singing sibling: her sister Natalie is also in All Saints, and married Liam Howlett of The Prodigy in 2002. [PAR] The band's name was taken from Swindon Oasis Leisure Centre in south west England, a clothes shop in the Manchester Arndale Market called Oasis, and a taxi rank round the corner from where they lived. Liam Gallagher told NME in 2013: \"It meant"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Paul McCartney Finally Ended the Beatles For Good How Paul McCartney Finally Ended the Beatles For Good [PAR] How Paul McCartney Finally Ended the Beatles For Good [PAR] By Dave Swanson April 10, 2015 7:00 AM [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Larry Ellis, Getty Images [PAR] All good things must come to an end, and this was never more true in the world of rock and roll than it was on April 10, 1970, when it was announced that the Beatles were no more. [PAR] The tale of the breakup of the Beatles is a long and, well, winding road. They had been imploding for a while. When manager Brian Epstein passed away in 1967, the first cracks were showing. By the time of the recording of the 1968 double-record set The Beatles (aka \u201cThe White Album\u201d) things had gotten worse. The Beatles were working less and less like a band, with each member focusing on their own compositions in the studio and treating the others like sidemen. [PAR] Flash forward to early-1969 and recording sessions for what would eventually become the Let It Be album. Captured forever thanks to a documentary crew, the film Let It Be, released a month after their breakup, shows tensions running high and resentment building. Even though they would somehow carry on and record the much more harmonious Abbey Road, the end was in sight. [PAR] After repeated clashes with new business manager Allen Klein, Paul McCartney , was looking for it to end, perhaps sooner than the others. In late-1969, unbeknownst to all but a few close associates, he began work on a solo album in his home studio. A week before the album\u2019s April 17, 1970 release, the promotional material for the album contained a Q&A sheet that, in essence, said that he was leaving the group . [PAR] Q: \u201cIs this album a rest away from the Beatles or the start of a solo career?\u201d [PAR] A: \u201cTime will tell. Being a solo album means it\u2019s \u2018the start of a solo career\u2026and not being done with the Beatles means it\u2019s just a rest. So it\u2019s both.\u201d [PAR] Q: \u201cIs your break with the Beatles temporary or permanent, due to personal differences or musical ones?\u201d [PAR] A: \u201cPersonal differences, business differences, musical differences, but most of all because I have a better time with my family. Temporary or permanent? I don\u2019t really know.\u201d [PAR] Q: \u201cDo you foresee a time when Lennon-McCartney becomes an active songwriting partnership again?\u201d [PAR] A: \u201cNo.\u201d [PAR] And, with that, it was over. We can only be glad the Beatles were here as long as they were. [PAR] The Top 100 Rock Albums of the \u201960s [PAR] Image of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who would you say was the best-selling/most popular female ... Who would you say was the best-selling/most popular female artist of the 1990s? - Music - Digital Spy Forums [PAR] Who would you say was the best-selling/most popular female artist of the 1990s? [PAR] 1 of 2 [PAR] Who would you say was the best-selling/most popular female artist of the 1990s? [PAR] My vote goes to Mariah Carey and Celine Dion. [PAR] A lot of people seem to think Madonna but I disagree. Her sales had dropped drastically by the early to mid-1990s. She knew that she had to compete with the likes of Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson and TLC, four of the biggest female music stars of the 1990s. Why else do you think she released \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBedtime Stories\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in 1994? It was a blatant attempt at trying to jump on the hugely popular R&B/pop bandwagon that ruled the charts around the world at the time. Madonna was clever in that she brought on board Dallas Austin (TLC), Dave Hall (Mariah Carey) and Babyface (Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson), three of the biggest producers and writers in the R&B field at the time. In the end the success of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBedtime Stories\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (7m) didn't come close to the sales or impact of the albums released by her then-rivals and contemporaries, either in the US or worldwide - Music Box (30m), Daydream (25m), Janet (20m), CrazySexyCool (23m) and The Bodyguard (45m). Madonna even released \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSomething to Remember\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 1995, another greatest hits compilation (her second in just five years) that focused specifically on her ballads. It was another attempt at trying to soften her and her image after \"Erotica\" and the controversy surrounding the album. [PAR] Mariah Carey's Achievements in the 1990s [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd She was the first and only female artist to have four number one singles from a debut album (\"Mariah Carey\", 1990). [PAR] . [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd She topped the Billboard Hot 100 14 times in the 1990s alone. She matched Madonna\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds current total of 12 chart toppers in just 7 years. It took Madonna nearly 20 years to achieve that tally. Madonna had 4 number one singles in the 1990s. Mariah still holds the record for most #1 singles by a female artist in the US with 18 chart toppers, only The Beatles have more. She has spent a record 79 weeks at the number one position on the Hot 100, becoming the artist with the most weeks at number one in US history. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd She had four number one albums on the Billboard 200 during the 1990s. Madonna didn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt have a single number one album in the US during the 1990s. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Mariah's smash hit \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdOne Sweet Day\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd spent 16 weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100, the longest running number one song in US chart history. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFantasy\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd also spent 8 weeks at #1 there in 1995. Madonna\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds longest-running #1 is \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTake a Bow\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd which spent 7 weeks at #1. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Mariah is the only female artist in history to have three singles debut at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFantasy\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdOne Sweet Day\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdHoney\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. In fact Mariah Carey was the first female artist in history to have a single debut at #1 on the Hot 100. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd She had 19 top 10 entries in the 1990s in the US, the most for any female artist that decade. She has accumulated 27 top-ten hits on the Hot 100 in total, placing her in fifth place overall for the most top tens in the chart's history. Along with Janet Jackson, Mariah"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com [PAR] >>> But what's the longest word in a lyric? [PAR] Word featuring in most titles [PAR] The word \"The\" features in more hit titles than any other word (2506). Runner-up, a long way behind is \"You\" (1489) (as of w/e 11th Oct 2003) [PAR] Word starting most titles [PAR] The word \"I\" starts more hit titles than any other word (644). Then it's \"Love\" (234), \"Don't\" (219) and \"You\" (214) (as of w/e 11th Oct 2003) [PAR] Least Different Letters Making Up An Artist - Title Combination [PAR] U2 - \"One\" (5 characters). This uses a number so it could be argued that the real record-holders are ABC - \"SOS\" and Moby - \"Go\" (both 6 letters). However, \"Doop\" by Doop has just 3 different letters! Least different letters for a non eponymous single is 4 for Abba - \"SOS.\" [PAR] Palindromic Title by a Palindromic Artist [PAR] \"SOS\" by Abba is the only palindromic hit song by a palindromic artist. [PAR] The Vowel-Free Titles: The following are the only titles of four letters or more to be vowel free (excluding numeric titles like \"1999\"): [PAR] Crash Test Dummies - \"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm\" [PAR] Julian Cope - \"Try Try Try\" [PAR] Blackout - \"Mr DJ\" [PAR] Pop Will Eat Itself - \"RSVP\" [PAR] Fall Out Boy - \"Thnks Fr Th Mmrs\" [PAR] Alphabetically First and Last Words In Titles [PAR] Alphabetically, the first word to appear in any song title is, somewhat obviously, \"A\"; it has appeared in several hundred titles. More obscure though, alphabetically speaking, the last word to appear in any title is \"Zululand\" (in King Kurt's 1983 hit, \"Destination Zululand\"). [PAR] Least Different Words Used For Multi-Worded Titles: [PAR] Excluding single-worded titles, Destiny's Child are the only act to have three Top 40 hits and use no more than three different words in them; \"No No No\" (no. 5, 1998), \"Bills, Bills, Bills\" (no. 6, 1999), and \"Jumpin' Jumpin'\" (no. 5, 2000) [PAR] Biggest Name-Droppers: [PAR] Two groups have managed to take six girls' names into the Top 40: [PAR] The Everly Brothers: \"Wake Up Little Susie\" (1957), \"Claudette\" (1958), \"Take A Message To Mary\" (1959), \"Poor Jenny\" (1959), \"Cathy's Clown\" (1960), and \"Lucille\" (1960). [PAR] The Bachelors: \"\"Charmaine\" (1963), \"Diane\" (1964), \"Ramona\" (1964), \"Marie\" (1965), \"Hello Dolly\" (1966) and \"Marta\" (1967). Thanks to chart guru Jon Kutner who points out that the Bachelors have a seventh if we include \"Walk With Faith In Your Heart\"! [PAR] Lyrical Connections Between Successive Number 1s [PAR] A favourite question in pop quizzes goes something like this: [PAR] \"Which is the only record to have been knocked off the no.1 spot by a record whose title can be found in the lyric of the first song?\" [PAR] The 'classic' answer is \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" by Queen. It contains the famous \"mamma mia, mamma mia, mamma mia let me go\" line. In January 1976, it was replaced at the top of the chart by none other than Abba's \"Mamma Mia\". [PAR] But a more striking (and more bizarre) answer arises from 1959 when Emile Ford & The Checkmates' \"What Do You Want To Make Those Eyes At Me For\" unseated Adam Faith's \"What Do You Want\" from number one. It's particularly odd as, during the transition, the tracks tied for the top spot and shared the position for one week! [PAR] But there are other examples, albeit less dramatic (ie. one-word titles), of this phenomenon: [PAR] In 1958, The Kalin Twins made no. 1 with \"When\". It replaced"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Appendix:English collective nouns - Wiktionary Appendix:English collective nouns - Wiktionary [PAR] Appendix:English collective nouns [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] A user suggests that this appendix be cleaned up, giving the reason: \u201ccitations need cleanup\u201d. [PAR] Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup ( + ) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with. [PAR] A collective noun is a special kind of noun that refers to a collection of objects \u2014 often animals \u2014 such as a flock of birds, or a pride of lions. [PAR] In the lists which follow, terms marked with a + belong to the 15th-century list of \" proper terms \" contained in the Book of St Albans . Many of these are fanciful or humorous terms which have never had any real currency, but have been taken up by various antiquarian writers. [1] [PAR] The lists are given in two formats, as shown below. [PAR] Contents: [PAR] army : An army of ants [PAR] B [PAR] business : A business of ferrets +? [PAR] C [PAR] clowder : A clowder of cats + ? [2] [PAR] cluster : A cluster of (workers around queen) bees [PAR] clutter : A clutter of cats [PAR] Words beginning \"cm - cz\" [PAR] conspiracy : A conspiracy of ravens [PAR] D [PAR] flock : A flight of birds [PAR] flock : A flock of geese (in the air) [PAR] flourish : A flourish of strumpets [PAR] Words beginning \"fm - fz\" [PAR] gang : A gang of thugs [PAR] glaring : A glaring of cats [PAR] glory : A glory of unicorns [PAR] Words beginning \"gm - gz\" [PAR] group : A group of languages [PAR] H [PAR] hand : A hand of bananas [PAR] herd : The collective noun for (various) herbivores . [PAR] hive : A hive of bees (standard) [PAR] Words beginning \"hm - hz\" [PAR] husk : A husk of hares [PAR] I [PAR] kindle : A kindle of kittens ? [8] [PAR] kit : A kit of pigeons in flight. [PAR] Words beginning \"km - kz\" [PAR] knob : A knob (less than 30) wildfowl [PAR] L [PAR] litter : A litter of various unweaned animals. [PAR] Words beginning \"lm - lz\" [PAR] load : A load of washing [PAR] M [PAR] mischief : A mischief of rats [PAR] Words beginning \"mm - mz\" [PAR] mob : A mob of kangaroo [PAR] N [PAR] nursery : A nursery of racoons [PAR] O [PAR] pack : A pack of cards [PAR] pack : the collective noun for (various) carnivores [PAR] plump : A plump of wildfowl [PAR] Words beginning \"pm - pz\" [PAR] punnet : A punnet of mice [15] [PAR] Q [PAR] richness : A richness of martens . +? [PAR] Words beginning \"rm - rz\" [PAR] run : A run of fish [PAR] S [PAR] shrewdness : A shrewdness of apes + ? [18] [PAR] shoal : A collective noun for (various) fish . [PAR] sleuth : A sleuth of bears [PAR] Words beginning \"sm - sz\" [PAR] superfluity : A superfluity of nuns . [PAR] swarm : The collective noun for (various) insects . [PAR] swarm : A swarm of gnats [PAR] T [PAR] team : A team of ducks (on the wing). [PAR] team : A team of geese (in flight). [PAR] team : A team of (various) sportsmen . [PAR] Words beginning \"tm - tz\" [PAR] troupe : A troupe of dancers [PAR] U [PAR] unkindness : An unkindness of ravens [PAR] V [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How does hepatitis affect the body? - Hepatitis - Sharecare How does hepatitis affect the body? - Hepatitis - Sharecare [PAR] How does hepatitis affect the body? [PAR] Topics | Infectious Disease | Hepatitis | How does hepatitis affect the body? [PAR] A Answers (1) [PAR] A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered [PAR] Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. An inflamed liver can affect people in different ways, causing a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Hepatitis A rarely has long-term effects on the body. People with hepatitis A, B, or C may not have early symptoms. However, chronic hepatitis C is the more severe of the hepatitis viruses and a leading cause of liver cancer. Hepatitis can affect the liver's bile production, causing a buildup of yellow-green pigment in the bloodstream, which causes a yellowing of the skin and/or eyes. [PAR] Helpful? 3 people found this helpful. [PAR] This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. [PAR] Videos (6)"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Smallest and Largest Planets in the Solar System Smallest and Largest Planets in the Solar System [PAR] By: Maria Temming | [PAR] July 15, 2014 [PAR] There are a couple of different ways to measure how \u201cbig\u201d something is. The first is an object\u2019s mass (how much matter it contains) and the second is its volume (how much space it takes up). The smallest and largest planets in our solar system are Mercury and Jupiter , respectively. [PAR] The smallest planet in regards to both mass and volume is Mercury \u2014this tiny world is nearly 20 times less massive than Earth, and its diameter is about times 2 \u00bd smaller. In fact, Mercury is closer in size to our Moon than to Earth. [PAR] The largest planet in our solar system by far is Jupiter, which beats out all the other planets in both mass and volume. Jupiter\u2019s mass is more than 300 times that of Earth, and its diameter is about 11 times larger than Earth\u2019s diameter. (Jupiter's Great Red Spot, even at its current diminished size , spans 15,900, just over a full Earth diameter.) Jupiter is 2 \u00bd times more massive than the rest of the planets in the solar system combined. [PAR] A size comparison of the planets in our solar system. In order of increasing distance from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. [PAR] NASA Lunar and Planetary Institute [PAR] Learn more about our solar system's most ostentatious planet \u2014 the ringed giant Saturn and its fascinating family of moons \u2014 in our FREE ebook, Saturn's Bounty . Enter your email address to download the ebook, and you'll also receive our weekly e-newsletter with the latest astronomy news. [PAR] *"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] human skin | anatomy | Britannica.com human skin | anatomy | Britannica.com [PAR] Human skin [PAR] freckle [PAR] Human skin, in human anatomy, the covering, or integument , of the body\u2019s surface that both provides protection and receives sensory stimuli from the external environment . The skin consists of three layers of tissue: the epidermis , an outermost layer that contains the primary protective structure, the stratum corneum; the dermis , a fibrous layer that supports and strengthens the epidermis; and the subcutis, a subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the dermis that supplies nutrients to the other two layers and that cushions and insulates the body. [PAR] Animation and microphotography showing the skin\u2019s three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Distinctive features [PAR] The apparent lack of body hair immediately distinguishes human beings from all other large land mammals. Regardless of individual or racial differences, the human body seems to be more or less hairless, in the sense that the hair is so vestigial as to seem absent; yet in certain areas hair grows profusely. These relatively hairy places may be referred to as epigamic areas, and they are concerned with social and sexual communication, either visually or by scent from glands associated with the hair follicles. [PAR] Human skin, whose cells are generated continuously by the body, serves as a protective barrier \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 MinuteEarth (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] The characteristic features of skin change from the time of birth to old age. In infants and children it is velvety, dry, soft, and largely free of wrinkles and blemishes. Children younger than two years sweat poorly and irregularly; their sebaceous glands function minimally. At adolescence hair becomes longer, thicker, and more pigmented, particularly in the scalp, axillae, pubic eminence, and the male face. General skin pigmentation increases, localized pigmented foci appear mysteriously, and acne lesions often develop. Hair growth, sweating, and sebaceous secretion begin to blossom. As a person ages , anatomical and physiological alterations, as well as exposure to sunlight and wind, leave skin, particularly that not protected by clothing, dry, wrinkled, and flaccid. [PAR] Overview of why skin ages. [PAR] Contunico \u00a9 ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] human skeletal system [PAR] Human skin, more than that of any other mammal , exhibits striking topographic differences. An example is the dissimilarity between the palms and the backs of the hands and fingers. The skin of the eyebrows is thick, coarse, and hairy; that on the eyelids is thin, smooth, and covered with almost invisible hairs. The face is seldom visibly haired on the forehead and cheekbones. It is completely hairless in the vermilion border of the lips, yet coarsely hairy over the chin and jaws of males. The surfaces of the forehead, cheeks, and nose are normally oily, in contrast with the relatively greaseless lower surface of the chin and jaws. The skin of the chest, pubic region, scalp, axillae, abdomen, soles of the feet, and ends of the fingers varies as much structurally and functionally as it would if the skin in these different areas belonged to different animals. [PAR] Section through human skin and underlying structures. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] The skin achieves strength and pliability by being composed of numbers of layers oriented so that each complements the others structurally and functionally. To allow communication with the environment, countless nerves\u2014some modified as specialized receptor end organs and others more or less structureless\u2014come as close as possible to the surface layer, and nearly every skin organ is enwrapped by skeins of fine sensory"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ABCs of Animal World: Interesting Facts About the Amazing ... ABCs of Animal World: Interesting Facts About the Amazing Goldfish [PAR] Tuesday, August 30, 2011 [PAR] Interesting Facts About the Amazing Goldfish [PAR] Goldfish are amazing pets. They are among the most popular pet fish in the world. They are beautiful and colorful too. Here are some amazing facts abut the interesting Goldfish . [PAR] 1.) Goldfish lack a stomach and only have an intestinal tract, and thus cannot digest an excess of proteins. So it is important not to over feed them. [PAR] 2.) Goldfish may change their color by varying the spectrum of light under which they are kept. [PAR] 3.) Goldfish produce pigment in response to light. If a goldfish is kept in the dark it will appear lighter in the morning, and over a long period of time will lose its color. [PAR] 4.) Goldfish can grow to a maximum length of 22 inches 58.42 cm and a maximum weight of 9.9 pounds or 4.5 kg. [PAR] 5.) The longest goldfish measured was 47.4 cm (18.7 in) from snout to tail-fin end in Hapert, The Netherlands. [PAR] Image Source [PAR] 6.) The longest Fancy Goldfish measured was an Oranda called Bruce which measured at 37.2 cm (15 in) in 2002. [PAR] 7.) Goldfish may live more than 20 years, but most household goldfish generally live only six to eight years. [PAR] 8.) The oldest recorded goldfish lived to 49 years. [PAR] 9.) The collective noun for a group of goldfish is a \"troubling\" of goldfish. [PAR] 10.) Goldfish can survive if ice form on the pond's surface, as long as there is enough oxygen remaining in the water and the pond does not freeze solid. [PAR] Image Source [PAR] 11.) Italy passed a law in 2005 which banned the use of goldfish as carnival prizes. Rome has also banned the keeping of goldfish in goldfish bowls, on the premise that it is cruel for a fish to live in such a small space. [PAR] 12.) Goldfish have a memory-span of at least three months and can distinguish between different shapes, colors and sounds. [PAR] 13.) Although edible, goldfish are rarely eaten. [PAR] 14.) In July 2010 a goldfish measuring 16 inches 0r 41 cm and 5 pounds or 2.3 kg was caught in a pond in Poole, England, thought to have been abandoned there after outgrowing a tank. [PAR] 15.) A goldfish named \"Goldie\", kept as a pet in a tank in Folkestone, England, was measured as 15 inches or 38 cm and over 2 pounds 0.91 kg, and named as the second largest goldfish in the world. [PAR] See also:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Female Praying Mantis Bites Off Male's Head? : snopes.com Female Praying Mantis Bites Off Male's Head? : snopes.com [PAR] Claim: Female praying mantises always eat the heads of their mates. [PAR] FALSE [PAR] Example: [Newsday, 1993] [PAR] The praying mantis, with its forelegs folded as if in prayer, may look pious, but its mating ritual is truly a macabre affair: Once the smaller male is attached to the female's body, she decapitates him, but he continues the act of conjugation for several more days before he dies and is eaten by his voracious mate. [PAR] [PAR] Origins: For a long time it was believed that not only did the female praying mantis consume the head (and sometimes the rest) of her mate during copulation, but that this grisly act was a necessary part of the reproductive process. (The reasons given for this act of decapitation included its being a signal to the male to release his sperm, its providing the female with protein required for her to produce more eggs, and its being a way of keeping the male from leaving [PAR] prematurely.) Even though the notion that the female always eats her mate has long since been disproved, the legend of the always-deadly female persists. [PAR] In a research project whose results were published in the journal Animal Behaviour in 1984, entomologists Eckehard Liske and [PAR] W. Jackson [PAR] Davis made videotapes of the sex lives of thirty pairs of praying mantises. They discovered that mantises engage in elaborate posturing rituals before mating, but not one of the thirty males had his head eaten during the mating process. They also noted that other scientists had observed the same thing: Although female mantises sometimes ate their mates, the deadly act by no means occurred in every case. The behavior appeared to be influenced by captivity: Female mantises were either jarred into unusually aggressive behavior by the unusual laboratory conditions, or they were simply not fed enough by their keepers. [PAR] Yes, the female praying mantis does sometimes eat her mate. In fact, male mantises will often offer themselves up as food to the female during the mating process, and from a biological standpoint this action makes sense: There's no point to mating with a female who might die from a lack of food before she can lay her eggs and pass the father's genes onto the next generation. This doesn't happen all the time, however, and its frequency of occurrence and the reasons for it are still a subject a debate within the entomological world. [PAR] Last updated: 15 May 2015 [PAR] Sources:[DOC] [TLE] Do female mantids eat heads of males - Mantid Kingdom Do female mantids eat heads of males - Mantid Kingdom [PAR] Mantid Kingdom [PAR] > Do female mantids eat heads of males [PAR] DO FEMALE MANTIDS REALLY EAT THE MALES HEAD AFTER MATING? [PAR] This was one of the first things I learned about praying mantids as a kid and no doubt what the praying mantis is most known for. Although not always the case, this actually holds some merit. [PAR] Most mantis species are cannibalistic. A praying mantis will eat or try to eat just about any insect it can grab a hold of and is not strong enough to fight back, and another mantis is no exception. However, when mating, females are less likely to attack a male. Studies have shown that males are eaten less during mating in the wild than in captivity. [PAR] I have kept dozens of different species of mantis. There have been times when a female mantis"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Double Vision (Diplopia): Causes ... - Medical News Today Double Vision (Diplopia): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments - Medical News Today [PAR] Double Vision (Diplopia): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments [PAR] Written by Tim Newman Reviewed by University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine [PAR] 3.5 20 [PAR] When an individual sees a double image where there should only be one, it is referred to as double vision or diplopia. The two images can be side by side, one on top of the other, or a combination of both. [PAR] Double vision can affect just one eye (monocular) or both eyes (binocular). Treatments vary depending on the cause and type but include eye exercises, specially designed glasses, and surgery. [PAR] Other than the obvious difficulties of navigating the world while viewing a double image, double vision can also cause disruptions in balance, movement and reading ability. [PAR] There are a number of potential causes for double vision. As a result, the treatment depends on the particular patient. Some of the underlying causes are minor, others are serious. For this reason, any instances of double vision should be checked by a doctor sooner rather than later. [PAR] This article will take a look at the potential causes, diagnosis, and treatment of double vision. [PAR] Fast facts on double vision (diplopia) [PAR] Here are some key points about double vision (diplopia). More detail and supporting information is in the main article. [PAR] Double vision can be caused by a number of underlying conditions [PAR] Diplopia can affect just one eye or both [PAR] A childhood squint can sometimes recur and cause double vision [PAR] Temporary double vision can be caused by alcohol or other recreational drugs [PAR] Treatments can include surgery, eye exercises, or corrective lenses [PAR] Causes of binocular double vision [PAR] Double vision can be caused by a number of conditions. [PAR] Each eye creates its own image of the environment. These two representations are combined by the brain so that they are be perceived as one clear picture. [PAR] If damage occurs to the muscles that move the eyes or the nerves that control that movement, a double image can be created. [PAR] It is necessary for both eyes to be functioning together to create depth of field. [PAR] Alternatively, the muscles moving the eyes can become weakened by certain illnesses and produce double vision. [PAR] Squint [PAR] In some cases, the eyes may not be properly aligned. This condition is referred to as a squint or strabismus. Squints are relatively common in children but do not necessarily result in double vision. [PAR] Squints cause the eyes to look in slightly different directions. This might be because the affected eye muscle(s): [PAR] Are paralyzed or weak [PAR] Are too strong [PAR] Have abnormal nerves controlling them [PAR] Sometimes, a squint can recur in people who had a squint as a child. In some cases, the treatment of a squint can actually cause double vision, despite the individual's vision being normal before the squint was treated. This is because the brain had been suppressing signals from one of the eyes in an attempt to maintain normal vision. [PAR] Temporary double vision [PAR] In some cases, double vision can be temporary. Temporary double vision is often caused by alcohol intoxication, benzodiazepines, opioids, or certain types of drugs for seizures and epilepsy . Head injuries, like concussions , can also cause temporary double vision. [PAR] Being particularly tired or having strained eyes can bring on temporary double vision. If normal vision does not come back quickly, medical attention should be sought as soon"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - British History in depth: Prime Ministers ... BBC - History - British History in depth: Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline [PAR] On This Day [PAR] Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline [PAR] Do you know which prime minister brought 'fallen women' to 10 Downing Street? Or which one fought a duel? Or who was known as 'the Goat'? [PAR] Take a political journey through nearly 300 years of high ideals and low cunning, from Gordon Brown to the first man to hold prime ministerial powers, Robert Walpole. [PAR] Margaret Thatcher [PAR] Conservative, 1979 - 1990 [PAR] Britain's first female prime minister came to power with the country descending into industrial and economic chaos. A relatively inexperienced politician, she nonetheless adopted a personal style of indomitable self-confidence and brooked no weakness in herself or her colleagues. Derisively dubbed the 'Iron Lady' by the Soviet press, she wore the moniker with pride. Her government's free-market policies included trade liberalisation, deregulation, sweeping privatisation, breaking the power of the unions, focus on the individual and the creation of an 'enterprise culture'. 'Thatcherism' has had a profound and lasting economic and social impact on Britain, and still sharply divides opinion to this day. The first PM to serve three consecutive terms (including two 'landslide' victories) she was eventually toppled by her own party following the disastrous imposition of a 'poll tax'. Nonetheless, she is generally considered to be one of the best peace time prime ministers of the 20th Century. [PAR] James Callaghan [PAR] Labour, 1976 - 1979 [PAR] Callaghan inherited the office of prime minister following the surprise resignation of Harold Wilson. With only a tiny parliamentary majority to support him, he faced an increasingly one-sided confrontation with organised labour in the form of rampant strike action. Things came to a head in the so-called 'Winter of Discontent', a phrase from Shakespeare borrowed by Callaghan himself to describe the events leading up to February 1979. Britain was 'strikebound', with public servants staging mass walk outs, leaving food and fuel supplies undelivered, rubbish uncollected and - most notoriously - bodies unburied. Things became so bad in Hull it was dubbed 'the second Stalingrad'. The tabloid press has since been accused of overstating the severity of the situation (and wrongly quoting him as saying 'Crisis? What Crisis?') but it was enough at the time to sound the death knell for Callaghan's government later in the same year. [PAR] Harold Wilson [PAR] Labour, 1974 - 1976 [PAR] In March 1974, Wilson became prime minister for the third time at the head of a minority government, following the first hung parliament (one where no party holds a majority) for 45 years. Often described as a wily fixer and negotiator, it took all of his skills to hold on to power in the face of economic and industrial turmoil. His party was also sharply divided, with many Labour members of parliament (MPs) bitter about Wilson's manoeuvring against his colleagues. He called another general election in October 1974, thereby ending the shortest parliament since 1681, and was returned to office with a majority of just three seats. He presided over a referendum on Britain's membership of the European Economic Community (EEC), and a collapse in the value of the pound which prompted a humiliating 'rescue operation' by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Exhausted, Wilson resigned saying 'politicians should not go on and on'. [PAR] Edward Heath [PAR] Conservative, 1970 - 1974 [PAR] Heath succeeded in taking Britain into the European Economic Community (EEC), the precursor to the European Union, despite two previous failed attempts by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1963: The Profumo scandal | Politics | The Guardian 1963: The Profumo scandal | Politics | The Guardian [PAR] Politics past [PAR] 1963: The Profumo scandal [PAR] At the height of the cold war in the early 60s, as the established order was challenged as never before, Britons paid rapt attention to a sordid little affair which involved a cabinet minister, a showgirl and a Soviet naval attache. Derek Brown looks back on 1963 [PAR] John Profumo. [PAR] Tuesday 10 April 2001 06.01 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 10 April 2001 06.01 EDT [PAR] (Which was rather late for me) [PAR] Between the end of the Chatterley ban [PAR] And the Beatles' first LP. [PAR] - Philip Larkin, 'Annus Mirabilis' [PAR] That old rogue Larkin was out by a few years of course, but he captured perfectly the mood of the early 1960s . It was an era in which anything was possible and nothing was safe; a time when the established order was being challenged, subverted, and ultimately buried. [PAR] The Chatterley ban was indeed one of the first shibboleths to evaporate. In August 1960 Penguin was prosecuted for publishing one of DH Lawrence's lesser works, Lady Chatterley's Lover, notable only for its use of the f-word and some sublimely silly sex scenes. The trial was farcical - at one stage the jurors were invited to consider whether they would be happy for their wives and servants to read such a book - and the outcome rarely in doubt. When Penguin was given the go ahead to publish, there was minor pandemonium: the initial print run of 200,000 copies sold out on the day of issue, November 10, at the then rather stiff price of 3s 6d (17.5p). [PAR] Several more sensations were to unfold before - to follow Larkin's conceit - the Beatles' first LP. 1961 saw the first publication of a little magazine trying to revive an age old tradition of political and social satire. It was called Private Eye . In the same year, and the same spirit, a group of Cambridge graduates - Alan Bennett, Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Jonathan Miller - brought their irreverent revue, Beyond the Fringe, to London's West End. [PAR] In 1962 satire burst out on television, with the late night show That Was The Week That Was, or TW3 to its aficionados. It thrived by debunking religion, politics, royalty and sex, attracting a colossal audience of some 12m viewers - almost as many as the other TV sensation of the age, Coronation Street - making presenter David Frost a national celebrity, and giving the BBC governors some sleepless nights. [PAR] The mood of iconoclasm spread even to the Palace of Westminster. In 1961 a young and ardent Labour MP, Anthony Wedgwood-Benn, was barred from the House of Commons after winning a byelection at Bristol South-east, on account of having inherited a viscountcy. Tony Benn, as we now know him, went on to campaign successfully for peers to be allowed to renounce the titles - and, in his case, to shear several syllables off their names as well. [PAR] The mood of the day was embodied in the explosion of pop culture . Towards the end of 1962 there was a surge of interest in a new group - they were not called bands then - from Liverpool. It wasn't so much the music at first which caught the public eye (their first single, Love Me Do, barely scraped into the Top 20), but rather their bizarrely long hair. The following year, curiosity became craze , and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spencer Perceval assassinated | History Today Spencer Perceval assassinated | History Today [PAR] Spencer Perceval assassinated [PAR] The only British Prime Minister to be assassinated whilst in office was murdered on May 11th, 1812. [PAR] Portrait of Spencer Perceval in 1816 by George Francis Joseph [PAR] All that is generally remembered about Spencer Perceval is that he was the only British prime minister ever to be assassinated. By all accounts he was a thoroughly decent, honourable and competent man, but he was cut off in his prime and failed to make any lasting mark. A lawyer, born in London, the younger son of an aristocratic family and educated at Harrow and Cambridge, he became an MP in his thirties in 1796. He was a Tory and a strong supporter of Pitt the Younger and the war against Napoleon. After being solicitor general and attorney general he was appointed chancellor of the exchequer under the Duke of Portland in 1807 following Pitt\u2019s death and became premier himself in 1809. [PAR] In his book The Assassination of the Prime Minister David Hanrahan gives a vividly detailed account of that sunny Monday afternoon in May when at about a quarter past five the 49-year-old Spencer Perceval entered the lobby of the House of Commons on his way into the chamber. A man who had been sitting quietly by the fireplace stood up, walked towards the prime minister, took a pistol out of his overcoat and fired it at Perceval, hitting him in the chest. The prime minister staggered and fell, crying out \u2018I am murdered!\u2019 [PAR] There were naturally moments of complete astonishment as the man who had fired the shot walked back to the fireplace and sat down again. He made no attempt to get away as an MP called William Smith (future grandfather of Florence Nightingale) and several others carried the stricken Perceval to the Speaker\u2019s apartments, where they sat him on a table, holding him up. He said nothing more and uttered only a few sounds that Smith described as \u2018convulsive sobs\u2019. By the time a doctor arrived Perceval was dead. The pistol ball had struck him in the ribs. [PAR] In the lobby meanwhile the murderer was seized and his pistol was taken from him. It turned out that it had been hidden in a specially made pocket in his overcoat. He seemed to be having difficulty breathing and sweat was pouring down his face. A journalist on the scene now remembered seeing him frequently in the visitors\u2019 gallery of the House of Commons asking the identities of members who were speaking, including Cabinet ministers. The man said his name was John Bellingham and he was discovered to have another pistol on him, which was primed and loaded. [PAR] After some anxiety about whether Bellingham had accomplices with him who might try to rescue him, on the directions of the Speaker he was taken to the Serjeant at Arms\u2019 quarters to be questioned. He remained surprisingly cool and collected and admitted the killing, but said: \u2018I have been denied the redress of my grievances by government; I have been ill-treated. They all know who I am and what I am \u2026 I am a most unfortunate man and feel here \u2026 sufficient justification for what I have done.\u2019 [PAR] News of what had happened spread swiftly beyond the Palace of Westminster and there were fears that the murder might set off outbreaks of violence among the lower orders, many of whom were angry about the serious condition of the economy and the war with France. By about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paper Tiger (1975) - IMDb Paper Tiger (1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Debbie Reynolds\u2019 Last Words: \u2018I Want to Be with Carrie,\u2019 Son Says [PAR] 21 hours ago [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A somewhat prim and proper Englishman is hired as the tutor to the son of the Japanese ambassador. His life changes when he and the boy are kidnapped by terrorists for political purposes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 13 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 403 titles [PAR] created 22 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 16 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 3322 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Paper Tiger \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] On the death of his parents, Frank, a romantic teenager, moves in with his aunt and uncle He quickly falls in love with his beautiful, sophisticated aunt, Martha, and begins to fantasize ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Jerzy Skolimowski [PAR] Hisa Ishii and his brother Akira emigrate from Japan to the United States. They settle in rural California and start a strawberry farm, slowly integrating themselves into the life of the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Koreyoshi Kurahara [PAR] In the Edo period, a nameless ronin accepts an assignment to go to a mountain pass and wait. Near the pass he stops at an inn where a collection of characters gather, including a gang set ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Hiroshi Inagaki [PAR] The story of 16-year-old Riyo who journeys to Hawaii in 1918 to marry a man she has never met, except through photographs and letters they have exchanged. Hoping to escape a troubled past ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Kayo Hatta [PAR] In the 17th century Japan is divided between two forces. The eastern army lead by the Warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu and the western army which fights for Toyotomi's clan. Despite wining a recent ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Gordon Hessler [PAR] Three Japanese pilgrims arrive in India. Miss Naruse is looking for Otsu, a Catholic priest, her lover ten years before; after time in France and Israel, he has come to Benares where he ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Kei Kumai [PAR] Lt. Commander Finchhaven, a ghostly relic from the First World War, he had fallen down dead drunk on his first assignment and been consigned from the great beyond to sail the seas until a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: John Frankenheimer [PAR] Pinky is released from prison and has decided to go straight from now on, but accidentally getting himself a job as a maintenance man at a large bank, gives him a lot of undue attention ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Ralph Thomas [PAR] In Canada's North during the 1930s, a young Inuit kills a White trader and is pursued by the police"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ream | Define Ream at Dictionary.com Ream | Define Ream at Dictionary.com [PAR] C19: perhaps from C14 remen to open up, from Old English r\u04efman to widen [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for ream [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] measure of paper, mid-14c., from Old French reyme, from Spanish resma, from Arabic rizmah \"bundle\" (of paper), from rasama \"collect into a bundle.\" The Moors brought manufacture of cotton paper to Spain. [PAR] Early variant rym (late 15c.) suggests a Dutch influence (cf. Dutch riem), probably borrowed from Spanish during the time of Hapsburg control of Holland. For ordinary writing paper, 20 quires of 24 sheets each, or 480 sheets; often 500 or more to allow for waste; slightly different numbers for drawing or printing paper. [PAR] \"cream\" (obsolete), Old English ream, from Proto-Germanic *raumoz (cf. Middle Dutch and Dutch room, German Rahm), of uncertain origin. [PAR] v. [PAR] \"to enlarge a hole,\" 1815, probably a southwest England dialectal survival from Middle English reme \"to make room, open up,\" from Old English ryman \"widen, extend, enlarge,\" from Proto-Germanic *rumijanan (cf. Old Saxon rumian, Old Norse ryma, Old Frisian rema, Old High German rumen \"to make room, widen\"), from *rumaz \"spacious\" (see room (n.)). Slang meaning \"to cheat, swindle\" first recorded 1914; anal sex sense is from 1942. To ream (someone) out \"scold, reprimand\" is recorded from 1950. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper [PAR] Slang definitions & phrases for ream [PAR] Expand [PAR] ream [PAR] verb [PAR] (also rim) To cheat; swindle, esp by unfair business practice; screw : A new technique for reaming the customers (1914+) [PAR] (also ream out) To rebuke harshly; bawl someone out , chew someone out : I've seen him just ream guys out for not getting the job done (WWII armed forces) [PAR] (also rim) To stimulate the anus, either orally or with the penis (1942+ Homosexuals) [PAR] The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D. [PAR] Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Sport - Horse Racing - Tony McCoy wins Grand National ... BBC Sport - Horse Racing - Tony McCoy wins Grand National on Don't Push It [PAR] Tony McCoy wins Grand National on Don't Push It [PAR] Don't Push It wins the Grand National [PAR] Tony McCoy ended his Grand National jinx in superb style as he claimed victory at the 15th attempt on board 10-1 joint favourite Don't Push It. [PAR] Don't Push It jumped the last with Black Apalachi but pulled away down the straight to give trainer Jonjo O'Neill and owner JP McManus their first wins. [PAR] Black Apalachi (14-1) was five lengths behind, ahead of State of Play (16-1). [PAR] Joint favourite Big Fella Thanks, with Barry Geraghty replacing injured jockey Ruby Walsh, finished fourth. [PAR] McCoy, the 14-time champion jockey, has ridden more than 3,000 winners, but Grand National victory had remained frustratingly elusive, with three third-place finishes his best efforts before Saturday. [PAR] McCoy thanks trainer [PAR] The 35-year-old Northern Irishman, who first rode the National in 1995, was close to tears as he spoke to BBC Sport after crossing the finish line of the four-and-a-half-mile marathon. [PAR] \"I'm being a big wuss. It means everything to me to win the Grand National. [PAR] \"I've won lots of big races and I'm supposed to be a good jockey, but to not win the Grand National would be a bit of a negative on the CV.\" [PAR] Trainer O'Neill, who never won the race as a jockey, also celebrated an emotional win. [PAR] Walsh, twice a winner of the National, suffered a broken arm in a heavy fall on Celestial Halo in the Dick Francis Aintree Hurdle earlier on the card. [PAR] He was replaced by Geraghty, with Richard Johnson taking over on Geraghty's original mount Tricky Trickster. But Big Fella Thanks nonetheless went out as joint favourite along with Don't Push It, after a late flurry of bets on McCoy's mount. [PAR] Grand National - closing stages (UK users only) [PAR] And there was more drama at the start as King Johns Castle, ridden by Paul Carberry, refused to race, despite stewards holding the start to allow the horse to settle. [PAR] As Conna Castle made the early running, McCoy bided his time on the first circuit. [PAR] But he later revealed that during that first circuit he had an inkling that this could be his day. [PAR] \"I had a strange feeling early on that the horse was enjoying what he was doing,\" McCoy told BBC Radio 5 live on Sunday. [PAR] \"But you have to keep your concentration and the more the race went on, the more I got the buzz.\" [PAR] And with four fences of the 30 to go, he surged to the front and eventually won by a decisive margin. [PAR] Black Apalachi, trained in Ireland by Dessie Hughes, was left trailing in his wake. His jockey Denis O'Regan said: \"He was a bit keen early on but once he settled into a lovely rhythm he was fantastic. It's a pleasure to ride a horse like him round here.\" [PAR] Paul Moloney's mount State of Play, went one better than his fourth position last time round for Welsh trainer Evan Williams. [PAR] Moloney said: \"It was a serious run from a serious horse who has been very good to me and he might win it next year.\" [PAR] Hello Bud, ridden prominently throughout by 17-year-old Sam Twiston-Davies, was in contention at the second last but faded to finish fifth. [PAR] Nina Carberry, attempting to become the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aviva Premiership | LineoutCoach.com Aviva Premiership | LineoutCoach.com [PAR] Aviva Premiership [PAR] Aviva Premiership \u2013 English rugby at its best! [PAR] Aviva Premiership: English Premiership [PAR] The top 12 professional rugby teams in English Rugby Union compete in the English Premiership, or the Aviva Premiership as it is currently known.The teams play each other twice, home and away, whilst also competing in the European Club competitions. [PAR] [PAR] Aviva Premiership: Sponsors [PAR] The league has had a number of sponsors over the years \u2013 Courage League 87/88, 96/97, Allied Dunbar Premiership 97/98, 99/00, Zurich Premiership 00/01, 04/05, Guiness Premiership 05/06, 09/10. The current sponsors are Aviva. [PAR] [PAR] Aviva Premiership: Scoring [PAR] The points system keeps the tension building with the final places often not being determined until the final day. Teams get 4 points for a win and 2 for a draw. However a team that scores 4 or more tries gets a bonus point and a team that loses by only one score i.e. 7 points also gets a point so good performances get teams their reward. [PAR] [PAR] Aviva Premiership: Season [PAR] The Aviva Premiership season starts in September and when each team has completed their 22 matches, the four top teams in the league compete in a play-off for the title to see who is crowned champions at Twickenham Stadium in May. [PAR] [PAR] Aviva Premiership: Relegation [PAR] At the end of the season, the lowest place team drops down to the RFU Championship previously know as the National Division One and the winner of the lower tier league play-off is promoted into their place. [PAR] [PAR] Aviva Premiership: Play-off [PAR] Top of table until 2000 was enough to gain you the title. The play-offs were introduced in the 2000-2001 season and the Leicester Tigers, who had won the previous years title, picked up where they left off with a win. [PAR] [PAR] Aviva Premiership: Attendance figures [PAR] The sport is growing in popularity with attendance figures showing a steep increase in recent years. The last four finalshave been watched by crowds of more than 80,000. The 2011 final between Saracens and Leicester Tigers drew over 80,000 to Twickenham to see the St Albans side win their first title. [PAR] The Saracens again proved a big draw when they played Harlequins in the 2011/12 Aviva Premiership . This top of the table clash was watched by over 83,000 fans \u2013 a new record for Premiership rugby games . [PAR] Aviva Premiership Winners [PAR] Leicester Tigers are the most successful rugby team in Premiership history with nine titles. They have dominated the league winning both pre and post play-off titles and continue to deliver for their loyal Welford Road fans. [PAR] Season"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Open 2010: Francesca Schiavone beats Sam Stosur to ... French Open 2010: Francesca Schiavone beats Sam Stosur to win women's final - Telegraph [PAR] French Open [PAR] French Open 2010: Francesca Schiavone beats Sam Stosur to win women's final [PAR] So it is true: sometimes dreams do come true. For Francesca Schiavone, the moment she had dreamt of for a lifetime and that almost no one gave her a hope of achieving, materialised on Saturday as she won the French Open. [PAR] Champion: Francesca Schiavone won women's final in straight sets Photo: AFP [PAR] By Alix Ramsay in Paris [PAR] 4:13PM BST 05 Jun 2010 [PAR] She was the first Italian woman ever to reach a major final and the first Italian to lift a grand slam trophy since Adriano Panatta won in Paris in 1976. But for Schiavone, none of that really mattered. [PAR] This was the moment she had spent a lifetime working for; this was what she had hoped for throughout her 15 seasons on the tour. \u201cI think I was born to play tennis, so this [is] a dream, and this is reality now,\u201d she said. [PAR] For a match that many casual observers had dismissed as dull and insignificant \u2013 where were the big names to thrill the crowds? \u2013 the French Open produced the best women\u2019s final in years and in Schiavone, the newly crowned champion, it found a new star for the notoriously sniffy Parisians to take to their hearts. [PAR] The veteran Italian \u2013 at 29 years, 11 months and 14 days old, she is the second oldest first-time grand slam winner in the Open era \u2014 beat Samantha Stosur 6-4, 7-6 on Saturday in 98 minutes of brilliance, exuberance and honest-to-goodness bottle. [PAR] Schiavone played the match of her life. She had the time of her life. And from late into the second set, she knew that she was going to win. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] When Federer last fell short [PAR] 02 Jun 2010 [PAR] Trying to control herself, to rein in her emotions and excitement, was proving rather harder to manage than the failing challenge of Stosur, but, no matter, Schiavone did it. Yesterday, it seemed as though she could do anything. [PAR] Even when it came to making her acceptance speech, the Italian was unstoppable. Her English is not perfect despite the fact that she used to live in London, but it had improved markedly in the 48 hours since she completed her semi-final match. [PAR] \u201cI didn\u2019t prepare nothing,\u201d she said a little nervously at first. \u201cAlways if I prepare something for the future, it never happens. But today I felt amazing. I felt like a champion and I\u2019m really, really happy. Thanks to everybody.\u201d That brought the house down, as did her singing along merrily to the Italian national anthem. [PAR] When she grabbed the microphone again and went up to Mary Pierce, the champion of 2000 who had just presented her with the Coupe Suzanne Lenglen and a cheque for \u00a3927,000, she was obviously enjoying every moment. \u201cI\u2019m sorry,\u201d she said as the 15,000-strong crowd cheered. \u201cI am honoured to be here with you and that you give me the trophy.\u201d By now, the Parisians were happy to adopt Schiavone as one of their own. [PAR] They would have been lucky \u2014 the huge group of Italians who had somehow found tickets at the last moment and who had cheered until they were hoarse, would not let their heroine go. [PAR] When she ran, caked in clay, to celebrate with her team,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Bowl XLIV (2010) - IMDb Super Bowl XLIV (2010) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The AFC champion Indianapolis Colts and the NFC champion New Orleans Saints meet for the championship of the National Football League. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 31 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 2703 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2012 [PAR] Title: Super Bowl XLIV (2010\u2013 ) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Super Bowl XLIII (TV Movie 2009) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The NFC champion Arizona Cardinals and the AFC champion Pittsburgh Steelers meet for the championship of the National Football League. [PAR] Stars: James Harrison, Santonio Holmes, Edgerrin James [PAR] Super Bowl XLVI (TV Movie 2012) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The NFC champion New York Giants and the AFC champion New England Patriots meet for the championship of the National Football League. [PAR] Director: Drew Esocoff [PAR] Super Bowl XLII (TV Special 2008) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The NFC champion New York Giants and the AFC champion New England Patriots meet for the championship of the National Football League. [PAR] Director: Artie Kempner [PAR] Super Bowl XLV (TV Special 2011) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The AFC champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the NFC champion Green Bay Packers meet for the championship of the National Football League in Arlington, Texas. [PAR] Stars: Christina Aguilera, Cameron Diaz, John Travolta [PAR] Super Bowl XLVII (TV Special 2013) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The AFC champion Baltimore Ravens and the NFC champion San Francisco 49ers play for the championship of the National Football League in New Orleans, Louisiana. [PAR] Director: Mike Arnold [PAR] Super Bowl XXXVIII (TV Special 2004) [PAR] Music | Sport [PAR] Patriots vs. Panthers - Halftime show with Janet Jackson, Justin Timberlake, and the breast exposure that stole the show from an excellent game! [PAR] Director: Sam Irvin [PAR] Super Bowl XXXIV (TV Movie 2000) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The culmination of the 1999 NFL season between the St.Louis Rams and the Tennessee Titans. [PAR] Director: Roger Goodman [PAR] Super Bowl XXXVII (TV Movie 2003) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The 37th edition of the AFC-NFC World Championship Game featured the Oakland Raiders, with a long history of Superbowl triumph, and the upstart Tampa Bay Buccaneers, a team with a long ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Drew Esocoff [PAR] Super Bowl XXXII (TV Movie 1998) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The defending champion Green Bay Packers take on John Elway and the Denver Broncos. [PAR] Stars: Allen Aldridge, Steve Atwater, Steve Bono [PAR] Super Bowl XLI (TV Special 2007) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The NFC champion Chicago Bears and the AFC champion Indianapolis Colts meet for the championship of the National Football League. [PAR] Director: Mike Arnold [PAR] Super Bowl XL (TV Special 2006) [PAR] Sport [PAR] The Seattle Seahawks take on the Pittsburgh Steelers at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan for Super Bowl XL! [PAR] Director: Drew Esocoff [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The AFC champion Indianapolis Colts and the NFC champion New Orleans Saints meet for the championship of the National Football League. [PAR] 7 February 2010 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Bull - Formula 1\u00ae Red Bull [PAR] Red Bull [PAR] Next Previous Enlarge [PAR] 1 / 8 [PAR] Max Verstappen (NED) Red Bull Racing RB12 Daniel Ricciardo (AUS) Red Bull Racing RB12 at Formula One World Championship, Rd21, Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Race, Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Sunday 27 November 2016. \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Race winner Daniel Ricciardo (AUS) Red Bull Racing celebrates on the podium with the champagne. Formula One World Championship, Rd7, Canadian Grand Prix, Race Day, Montreal, Canada, Sunday 8 June 2014. [PAR] Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing RB10. Formula One World Championship, Rd13, Italian Grand Prix, Monza, Italy, Practice, Friday 5 September 2014. [PAR] (L to R): Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing RB10 and race winner Daniel Ricciardo (AUS) Red Bull Racing celebrate on the podium with the champagne. Formula One World Championship, Rd7, Canadian Grand Prix, Race Day, Montreal, Canada, Sunday 8 June 2014. [PAR] Daniel Ricciardo (AUS) Red Bull Racing and Max Verstappen (NED) Red Bull Racing in parc ferme at Formula One World Championship, Rd17, Japanese Grand Prix, Qualifying, Suzuka, Japan, Saturday 8 October 2016. \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Daniel Ricciardo (AUS) Red Bull Racing RB10. Formula One World Championship, Rd2, Malaysian Grand Prix, Practice, Sepang, Malaysia, Friday 28 March 2014. [PAR] Daniel Ricciardo (AUS) Red Bull Racing RB11 and Daniil Kvyat (RUS) Red Bull Racing RB11 battele at Formula One World Championship, Rd2, Malaysian Grand Prix, Race, Sepang, Malaysia, Sunday 29 March 2015. \u00a9 Sutton Motorsport Images [PAR] Race winner Daniel Ricciardo (AUS) Red Bull Racing and Max Verstappen (NED) Red Bull Racing celebrate with the trophies at Formula One World Championship, Rd16, Malaysian Grand Prix, Race, Sepang, Malaysia, Sunday 2 October 2016. \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Next Previous Enlarge [PAR] 1 / 9 [PAR] World Champion Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing celebrates with the team. Formula One World Championship, Rd20 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 25 November 2012. [PAR] Mark Webber (AUS) Red Bull Racing RB9 makes a pit stop. Formula One World Championship, Rd11, Belgian Grand Prix, Race Day, Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium, Sunday, 25 August 2013. \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing RB8 crosses the line to win the race. Formula One World Championship, Rd16, Korean Grand Prix, Race, Korea International Circuit, Yeongam, South Korea, Sunday 14 October 2012. [PAR] Mark Webber (AUS) Red Bull Racing RB8. Formula One World Championship, Rd15, Japanese Grand Prix, Practice, Suzuka, Japan, Friday 5 October 2012. [PAR] Race winner and 2010 World Champion Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing celebrates in parc ferme. Formula One World Championship, Rd 19, Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Race, Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Sunday 14 November 2010. [PAR] Mark Webber (AUS) Red Bull Racing RB5. Formula One World Championship, Rd 12, Belgian Grand Prix, Practice Day, Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium, Friday 28 August 2009. BEST IMAGE [PAR] Race winner Mark Webber (AUS) Red Bull Racing celebrates with a back flip into the Red Bull Energy Station pool. Formula One World Championship, Rd 6, Race, Monaco Grand Prix, Monte-Carlo, Monaco, Sunday 16 May 2010. BEST IMAGE [PAR] David Coulthard (GBR) Red Bull Racing RB3. Formula One World Championship, Rd 5, Monaco Grand Prix, Practice Day, Monte-Carlo, Monaco, Thursday 24 May 2007. DIGITAL IMAGE BEST IMAGE [PAR] A team photograph for Red Bull Racing. Formula One World Championship, Rd 18, Brazilian Grand Prix, Practice Day, Interlagos, Brazil, 20 October 2006. DIGITAL IMAGE BEST IMAGE [PAR] Info Close [PAR] Red Bull had already been a long-term sponsor in Formula One racing before formally entering as a works team"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jorge Lorenzo: 2010 MotoGP World Champion Jorge Lorenzo: 2010 MotoGP World Champion [PAR] 0 [PAR] Jorge Lorenzo: 2010 MotoGP World Champion [PAR] Third place in the Shell Advance Malaysian Motorcycle Grand Prix on Sunday secured the Fiat Yamaha rider his first ever premier class title. [PAR] Jorge Lorenzo\u2019s route to MotoGP glory has been paved with record-breaking achievements, and first began with an encounter with minicross competitions aged just three. Lorenzo competed in this format in addition to trial, minimoto and junior motocross in his native Mallorca over the next few years, then followed up a 50cc Copa Aprilia title by entering the Spanish Championship with special permission, aged just thirteen. [PAR] Setting a record unlikely to ever be broken, Lorenzo subsequently became the youngest ever rider to enter a World Championship race. Turning fifteen \u2013 the minimum age for Grand Prix participation back then - on the second day of practice for the 2002 Spanish race at Jerez, he made his debut onboard a Derbi 125cc at a track where he would enjoy much success over the next few years. [PAR] In just his second season he took his first Grand Prix victory at Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, where his impressive \u201cround the outside\u201d overtaking manoeuvre on Casey Stoner and Dani Pedrosa won him the nickname \u201cPor Fuera\u201d. In 2004 he sealed a further three triumphs, before making the move up to the 250cc category a year later and taking four poles and six podiums in his maiden season. [PAR] 2006 was to be the coming-of-age year for the Mallorcan, who switched to Aprilia machinery and immediately became the favourite for the World Championship. He justified the hype with an impressive eight victories, equalling the pole position record in the process with ten, and lifting the title in an emotional final race of the year at Valencia. [PAR] Another dominant year in 2007 saw Lorenzo retaining the quarter-litre title, with all nine of his victories coming from pole. At just twenty years old, he was a two-time 250cc World Champion and took on his biggest challenge to date by signing for the Yamaha factory team in MotoGP alongside Valentino Rossi. [PAR] Lorenzo made an immediate impact in the premier class with a stunning first five races. He took pole on his debut - becoming the first man to do so since Max Biaggi ten years previously - and finished second in an astounding performance in Qatar. He followed up the feat with pole at the next two races, becoming the first rider to go \u2018three from three\u2019 in his rookie season and turning both top spots into podium finishes. [PAR] Unfortunately his debut MotoGP season in 2008 was also marred by a few big crashes and injuries, including two broken ankles in China that eventually forced the debutant out of action for his home race in Catalunya. However he regained his fitness and confidence in the latter part of the season, and picked up the pace to finish fourth overall and become Rookie of the Year. [PAR] Lorenzo went from strength to strength last year, pushing his colleague and fierce rival Rossi all the way for the title. Their battle at Catalunya was a season highlight, and Lorenzo picked up four wins as part of a 12-podium haul for the year, with five pole positions as well. Ultimately he was unable to wrest the title from Rossi\u2019s grip, but his challenge was becoming ever stronger. [PAR] 2010 has seen Lorenzo\u2019s star rise even further, and he was finally able to shake off the \u2018inconsistent\u2019 tag by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Who? Unknown actor Matt Smith, 26, announced as ... Doctor Who? Unknown actor Matt Smith, 26, announced as David Tennant's replacement | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Doctor Who? Unknown actor Matt Smith, 26, announced as David Tennant's replacement [PAR] comments [PAR] A virtually unknown 26-year-old who once had ambitions to become a professional footballer has been unveiled as the 11th Doctor Who. [PAR] Matt Smith will be the youngest-ever actor to play the 903-year-old Time Lord, in a casting move that caught most fans by surprise. [PAR] He said yesterday he was \u2018flabbergasted\u2019 to be picked to replace David Tennant, and \u2018hadn\u2019t slept\u2019 since being told just before Christmas. [PAR] Doctor Who? Matt Smith is to replace David Tennant as the new Doctor in the hit BBC sci-fi drama [PAR] He said: \u2018Doctor Who has the iconic status of Robin Hood or Sherlock Holmes, and I\u2019m taking that on. That\u2019s my responsibility and it\u2019s exciting. Nerve-racking, but exciting.\u2019 [PAR] Born and brought up in Northampton, Smith played football at the Nottingham Forest and Leicester City youth academies until a back injury at the age of 16 forced him to quit. [PAR] His drama teacher at Northampton School for Boys, Jerry Hardingham, got him one of his first stage roles but remembers: \u2018He was so self-effacing he wasn\u2019t sure if he would be good enough.\u2019 [PAR] Haven't I seen you before? Smith appeared alongside Tennant's former assistant Billie Piper in the BBC drama Ruby In The Smoke [PAR] He added: \u2018His success is no surprise to those who worked with him. Matt was always a likeable lad and very popular with his peers.\u2019 [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Smith is probably best known for the BBC2 political drama Party Animals, in which he played researcher Danny Foster. He also worked with Doctor\u2019s companion Billie Piper in the 2006 TV adaptation of The Ruby In The Smoke. [PAR] He appeared in Alan Bennett's play The History Boys at the National Theatre in London, and alongside Christian Slater in Swimming with Sharks in the West End. [PAR] Unexpected choice: Unknown stage actor Matt Smith, 26, talks about his new role [PAR] Two of the productions in which he featured - That Face and On the Shore of the Wide World - won Laurence Olivier Awards. [PAR] Smith will begin filming the new series in the summer, for transmission in spring 2010. That will give him time to win over fans, dubbed Whovians, some of whom were unenthusiastic at the news of the Doctor\u2019s latest regeneration. [PAR] One devotee who posted on the BBC\u2019s message boards said: \u2018Toddler in the Tardis! He is far, far, far too young. What is this obsession with going younger and younger?' [PAR] Exciting, but nerve-wracking: Smith can't wait to begin creating the new Doctor [PAR] His new role is likely to make Smith something of a heartthrob, but the actor already has a girlfriend in Brazil, whom he met on a recent trip to South America. [PAR] Speculation about the new Doctor\u2019s identity had been feverish since David Tennant announced in October that he was standing down. Black actor Paterson Joseph had been the bookies\u2019 favourite, but some fans had backed Billie Piper to be the first female Doctor. [PAR] The BBC kept the actor\u2019s identity top secret until it a special episode of its spin-off show Doctor Who Confidential last night. Only six people, including the actor and his agent, knew he had been cast. [PAR] David Tennant is a tough act to follow [PAR] At a photoshoot on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From the North...: I Always Wanted To Be Free From the North...: I Always Wanted To Be Free [PAR] I Always Wanted To Be Free [PAR] The latest Absolutely Fabulous revival will lead BBC1's festive line up, it has been announced. The Jennifer Saunders and Joanna Lumley sitcom, which has been revived for two twentieth anniversary specials, is expected to feature in the channel's Christmas Day schedule alongside Doctor Who, EastEnders and Strictly Come Dancing. [PAR] Personally, yer actual Keith Telly Topping has never found Ab Fab quite as thigh-slappingly amusing as many other people but, it is very popular, admittedly. David Jason's first new BBC comedy in twenty years, The Royal Bodyguard, will also be broadcast over the winter period. Despite The Royle Family taking a break this Christmas, actress Sue Johnston will still be seen on BBC1 in one-off comedy Lapland. Elsewhere, Ray Winstone, Gillian Anderson and David Suchet star in an adaptation of Great Expectations, while Stephen Fry, Victoria Wood and Christopher Eccleston lend their considerable talents to The Borrowers. or, rather, Fry and Eccleston lend their considerable talents and Wood lends her 'n talent what-so-bloody-ever' to the gig. Can't stand that full-of-her-own-importance woman and her wretched, laugh-free comedy. [PAR] Doctor Who stars Matt Smith and Karen Gillan have revealed what most of us kind of expected anyway, that they are 'in the dark' about the much-talked-about-but-don't-hold-your-breath proposed movie adaptation. It was reported last week that Harry Potter director David Yates is hoping to make a 'radical' film reboot of the BBC's popular family SF drama. [PAR] 'I have absolutely no idea what it will be about,' Smith told host Fearne Cotton on her Radio 1 show. 'We're not really anything to do with it.' The actor added that he had 'no clue' the film was in development until it was announced, explaining that both he and co-star Gillan had 'read [the news] in the paper. There's always rumours about a Doctor Who film,' suggested Gillan, who plays companion Amy Pond. 'I remember them saying that Johnny Depp was going to be the Doctor a couple of years ago.' Both actors went on to say that they 'doubt' they will appear in any potential Doctor Who film. That is, of course, if such a project were ever to see the light of day. Which, this blogger still considers to be highly unlikely. As my old mate Peter Linford recently noted, 'you can accurately age Doctor Who fans by how many different unmade Doctor Who movie proposals they can remember!' [PAR] British TV productions have won five awards at the International Emmys in the US, including best actress for Julie Walters. She was honoured for her BAFTA-winning portrayal of Mo Mowlam in Channel Four's Mo, a biopic about the late politician. Christopher Eccleston was named best actor for his role in Jimmy McGovern's Accused on BBC1, which also won best drama series. Each episode told the story of a character who ends up in court. Eccleston played a plumber who found twenty thousand smackers in the back of a cab but was arrested after it turned out the money was forged. Gareth Malone Goes to Glyndebourne won best arts programme. The series, about a group of teenagers training to star in a new opera for the world renowned Glyndebourne opera house, was produced by Twenty Twenty Television for BBC2. Twenty Twenty also won the non-scripted entertainment award for The World's Strictest Parents, which aired on BBC3. Lady Gaga made a surprise appearance at the ceremony, which was hosted by actor Jason Priestley at the Hilton hotel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Michael Got High And Drove Into A Shop Front - BBC George Michael jailed for eight weeks for drug driving - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] George Michael jailed for eight weeks for drug driving [PAR] 14 September 2010 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionThe BBC's Lizo Mzimba: ''He actually seemed shocked'' [PAR] George Michael has been given an eight-week sentence for crashing his car while under the influence of cannabis. [PAR] He was also fined \u00a31,250 at Highbury Corner Magistrates Court in London and given a five-year driving ban. [PAR] The 47-year-old singer was arrested in July in Hampstead, north London after driving his Range Rover into a branch of photographic store Snappy Snaps. [PAR] Last month he pleaded guilty to driving under the influence of drugs and possessing cannabis. [PAR] The singer was told then that his offences were \"a serious matter\" and that he could face imprisonment. [PAR] Michael is expected to serve four weeks in prison. [PAR] The pop star was greeted by a horde of photographers as he arrived at court earlier. [PAR] In 2007 he admitted another charge of driving while unfit through use of drugs at Brent Magistrates Court in London. [PAR] Michael was found slumped at the wheel of his car in the early hours of 4 July having crashed it into the store frontage. [PAR] He was arrested and taken to Hampstead police station, where he was found to be carrying cannabis cigarettes. [PAR] Michael shot to fame as half of pop duo Wham! before embarking on a successful career as a solo artist. [PAR] GEORGE MICHAEL'S LEGAL HISTORY [PAR] April 1998 Arrested in LA for \"engaging in a lewd act\" in a public toilet. Ordered to pay a $810 fine and 80 hours community service. [PAR] February 2006 Arrested for possession of Class C drugs. Cautioned and released. [PAR] June 2007 Charged with driving while unfit through drugs. Given a two-year driving ban and 100 hours community service. [PAR] September 2008 Arrested for possession of Class A and C drugs. Cautioned and released. [PAR] August 2010 Charged with driving under the influence of drugs and possession of Class B drugs. Given six-month interim driving ban until sentencing. [PAR] September 2010 Sentenced to eight weeks in prison, fined \u00a31,250 and given a five-year driving ban. [PAR] George Michael's brushes with the legal system [PAR] The singer - whose real name is Georgios Panayiotou - has made no secret of his long-time use of cannabis. [PAR] The BBC's Lizo Mzimba was in court and said Michael had \"gasped\" when his sentence was passed down. [PAR] Earlier his barrister said the singer was trying to get his life back on track and had started writing new material. [PAR] \"For the first time in many years he has started writing again,\" said Mukul Chawla QC. \"His creativity, so long hampered by his drug dependence, is re-emerging.\" [PAR] District Judge John Perkins told the singer he had taken a \"dangerous and unpredictable mix\" of prescription drugs and cannabis. [PAR] \"I accept entirely that you have shown remorse for the offence, that you are ashamed of it, that you admitted it,\" he added. [PAR] \"With regret,\" however, he said he had no alternative in this case but to give him a custodial sentence. [PAR] \"It does not appear that you took proper steps to deal with what is clearly an addiction to cannabis,\" he told the singer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wrong winner announced on Australian model show - BBC News Wrong winner announced on Australian model show - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Media playback is unsupported on your device [PAR] Wrong winner announced on Australian model show [PAR] 29 September 2010 Last updated at 11:48 BST [PAR] TV show Australia's Next Top Model announced the wrong winner during the live final of its sixth series. [PAR] Presenter Sarah Murdoch crowned Kelsey Martinovich the winner before interrupting her acceptance speech to say there had been a mistake and the real winner was, in fact, 18-year-old Amanda Ware.[DOC] [TLE] Wrong winner announced on Australian model show - BBC Wrong winner announced on Australian model show - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Media playback is unsupported on your device [PAR] Wrong winner announced on Australian model show [PAR] 29 September 2010 Last updated at 11:48 BST [PAR] TV show Australia's Next Top Model announced the wrong winner during the live final of its sixth series. [PAR] Presenter Sarah Murdoch crowned Kelsey Martinovich the winner before interrupting her acceptance speech to say there had been a mistake and the real winner was, in fact, 18-year-old Amanda Ware."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] already breaking box office records - Deadline HARRY POTTER FINALE $475.5M PHENOM! Magically Shatters Records For Biggest Domestic & International & Global Cume | Deadline [PAR] HARRY POTTER FINALE $475.5M PHENOM! Magically Shatters Records For Biggest Domestic & International & Global Cume [PAR] North American box office [PAR] SATURDAY PM/SUNDAY AM: 9TH UPDATE: As Warner Bros Pictures President of Domestic Distribution Dan Fellman gushed about all the records being set, \u201cThese numbers are amazing.\u201d Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 flew to $92.1M in the U.S. and Canada Friday (including that record-setting $43.5M from midnight showings) and $44.2M Saturday and an estimated $33.6M Sunday helped by higher 3D ticket prices. Friday crushed the record for best single-day box office, best Friday box office. But the wizards didn\u2019t break the Saturday record of $51.3M set by 2D-only Spider-Man 3 on its second day of release. However, HP\u2018s franchise finale definitely shatterered the biggest 3-day weekend ever with $168.5M to beat the other gold standard 2D-only Dark Knight\u2018s $158.4M. And the good news just kept coming. Part 2 scored an overall CinemaScore of \u2018A\u2019. [PAR] Overseas, the franchise finale grossed $307M with 34M admissions from over 20K screens in 59 countries. That\u2019s the biggest international opening weekend of all time ahead of $260.4M\u2019s Pirates Of The Caribbean 4 which is a 3D-to-3D comparison. Approximately 45% of the total screen count was 3D and accounted for about 61% of the box office. Led by record-breaking grosses in the UK ($36.6M) and Australia ($26.7M), all markets have performed exceedingly well, including Germany ($25.7M), France ($23.9M) and Japan ($21.5M). Globally, it also broke the IMAX opening weekend record with a worldwide gross of $23.5M, which includes setting a new record in North America with $15.5M. That makes for a worldwide total of $475.5M, yet another record besting the previous crown holder $394M set by 2D-only Harry Potter And The Half-Blood Prince. [PAR] Warner Bros President of International Distribution, Veronika Kwan-Rubinek\u201cHarry Potter is truly a cultural phenomenon the world over. Whether in German, French, Japanese, Russian, or any language, international audiences have embraced the Harry Potter films over the years, with the powerful finale punctuating just how special the property is. We congratulate everyone associated with the films on this monumental achievement.\u201d [PAR] Added Fellman: \u201cThese numbers are amazing, but they are only part of the story. It is impossible to quantify how thrilled and grateful we all are that both critics and audiences \u2014 especially loyal Harry Potter fans \u2014 continue to support the film. This is the culmination of an extraordinary decade, and a reflection of the hard work and dedication of many, many people on both sides of the camera, beginning with the brilliant J.K. Rowling, as well as producer David Heyman. We applaud them all.\u201d [PAR] Here\u2019s the TOP 10: [PAR] 1. Harry Potter/Hallows, Pt 2 \u2013 3D (Warner Bros) NEW [4,375 Theaters] [PAR] Friday $92.1M, Saturday $42.8M, Weekend $168.5M [PAR] International $307M, Worldwide Cume $475.5M [PAR] 2. Transformers 3 \u2013 3D (Paramount) Week 3 [3,917 Theaters] [PAR] Friday $6.3M, Saturday $9.8M, Weekend $21.2M, Cume $302.8M [PAR] First movie of the year to gross $300M at the domestic box office. [PAR] 3. Horrible Bosses (New Line/Warner Bros) Week 2 [3,134 Theaters] [PAR] Friday $5.4M, Saturday $6.9M, Weekend $17.6M (-38%), Cume $60M [PAR] Excellent hold\u2026 [PAR] 4. Zookeeper (Sony) Week 2 [3,482 Theaters] [PAR] Friday $3.8M, Saturday $5.1M, Weekend $12.3M (-39%), Cume $42.3M [PAR] Great hold\u2026 [PAR] 5. Cars 2 \u2013 3D (Disney) Week 4 [3,249 Theaters] [PAR] Friday $2.4M, Saturday $3.4M, Weekend $8.3M, Cume $165.3M [PAR] After"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Haggis - Electric Scotland What is a Haggis? [PAR] Electric Scotland's Classified Directory [PAR] What is a Haggis ? [PAR] A haggis is a small animal native to Scotland. Well when I say animal, actually it's a bird with vestigial wings - like the ostrich. Because the habitat of the haggis in exclusively mountainous, and because it is always found on the sides of Scottish mountains, it has evolved a rather strange gait. The poor thing has only three legs, and each leg is a different length - the result of this is that when hunting haggis, you must get them on to a flat plain - then they are very easy to catch - they can only run round in circles. [PAR] After catching your haggis, and dispatching it in time honoured fashion, it is cooked in boiling water for a period of time, then served with tatties and neeps (and before you ask, that's potatoes and turnips). [PAR] The haggis is considered a great delicacy in Scotland, and as many of your compatriots will tell you, it tastes great - many visitors from the US have been known to ask for second helpings of haggis! [PAR] The noise haggis make during the mating season gave rise to that other great Scottish invention, the bagpipes. [PAR] Many other countries have tried to establish breeding colonies of haggis, but to no avail - it's something about the air and water in Scotland, which once the haggis is removed from that environment, they just pine away. [PAR] A little known fact about the haggis is its aquatic ability - you would think that with three legs of differing lengths, the poor wee beastie wouldn't be very good at swimming, but as some of the Scottish hillsides have rather spectacular lakes on them, over the years, the haggis has learned to swim very well. When in water, it uses its vestigial wings to propel itself forward, and this it can do at a very reasonable speed. [PAR] Haggis are by nature very playful creatures, and when swimming, very often swim in a group - a bit like ducks - where the mother will swim ahead, and the youngsters follow in a line abreast. This is a very interesting phenomenon to watch, as it looks something like this : [PAR] __--- / / / / /-\\ /-\\ /-\\ /-\\ / / [PAR] The long neck of the mother keeping a watchful eye for predators. [PAR] This does however confuse some people, who, not knowing about the haggis, can confuse it with the other great indigenous Scottish inhabitant, the Loch Ness Monster, or Nessie as she's affectionately known, who looks more like this : [PAR] __--- / / / / \\\\ /-\\ /-\\ /-\\ /-\\ / / [PAR] From a distance, I'm sure you'll agree, the tourist can easily mistake a family of haggis out for their daily swim, as Nessie, this of course gives rise to many more false sightings, but is inherently very good for the tourist industry in Scotland. [PAR] The largest known recorded haggis (caught in 1893 by a crofter at the base of Ben Lomond), weighed 25 tons. [PAR] In the water, haggis have been known to reach speeds of up to 35 knots, and therfore coupled with their amazing agility in this environment, are extremely difficult to catch, however, if the hunter can predict where the haggis will land, a good tip is to wait in hiding on the shore, beacuse when they come out of the water, they will inevitably run round"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madeira : The Whisky Exchange Madeira : The Whisky Exchange [PAR] FREE UK standard delivery on orders over \u00a3100 [PAR] Madeira [PAR] Madeira is a fortified wine made on a small volcanic island in the Atlantic about 500 miles from the coast of Portugal of which it is a province. The styles of wine produced vary from dry to lusciously sweet and the best examples can age for more than a century. Discover more \u00bb [PAR] Madeira [PAR] Traditionally, Madeira wine is made from one of the following four \u2018noble\u2019 varieties: Sercial, Verdelho, Bual and Malvasia, although blends and commercial styles are made using the Tinta Negra Mole variety or American hybrid varieties. These four primary grapes all produce quite different styles of wine which range from dry to sweet. Due to the production methods for Madeira, once it\u2019s opened, it has the benefit of lasting for many months without losing quality. [PAR] Madeira is exceptionally long lasting \u2013 once opened, a bottle will stay drinkable for several months [PAR] Madeira is a fortified wine, although the time of fortification varies depending on the variety. Sercial and Verdelho are fermented until almost dry then fortified, whereas Bual and Malvasia are fortified early in the fermentation to retain a certain level of sweetness. [PAR] The method now commonly used to age Madeira is partially due to ships transporting the wine across the sea. Sailors found that the wines tasted better after a long journey at sea, with the Madeira sitting in wooden casks and being slowly heated by the sun. After a while, winemakers came up with a technique to replicate this ageing process called the estufa system. [PAR] Styles [PAR] Standard Blend [PAR] Due to the rarity of the four noble varieties, much of the Madeira produced is made up from Tinta Negra Mole, or American hybrid varieties. Many of the blends labelled as Dry, Medium, or Sweet come from a blend of these American hybrids. [PAR] Sercial [PAR] Serial is a very slow-ripening grape, often only getting to around 10% abv. In its youth, the wine is tart, dry and acidic. The ageing and fortification is what provides the real depth of flavour in these wines, providing flavours of almonds, nuts, dried fruit, citrus and fruit cake, but countered with a streak of acidity. [PAR] Verdelho [PAR] A quicker ripening grape than Sercial, Verdelhos tend to be medium-dry. Characteristically, these wines are high in acidity and and are nutty and smoky, with flavours like lemon drops, orange and grapefruit. [PAR] Bual [PAR] This variety ripens quicker than Sercial and Verdelho, and the wines are usually medium-sweet wine, but again, are balanced with fresh acidity. Bual Madeiras typically show notes of dark, rich fruits, raisin, Christmas cake and candied peel. [PAR] Malmsey [PAR] From the Malvasia variety, this is the sweetest style of Madeira, but the sweetness doesn\u2019t dominate, thanks to the balancing acidity. This acidity and its resilience to oxidisation means these can last more than a century either in cask or bottle. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Solera Wines [PAR] Now a prohibited method of ageing, these are Madeiras aged using the solera method, more traditionally seen in sherry production. Some old bottlings can still be found, however. [PAR] Colheita [PAR] Colheitas are essentially a young frasqueira (vintage) from a single year and aged for a minimum of five years in cask, except for Sercial, which is aged for seven years. [PAR] Frasqueira [PAR] The official term for vintage Madeira; these wines must come from a single year\u2019s harvest, and are aged for a minimum of 20 years,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CHOP SUEY - History and Origin - Food Reference Chop Suey - History of chop suey, facts about its American origin [PAR] An extensive selection of free magazines and other publications [PAR] CHOP SUEY - History and Origin [PAR] Chop suey consists of small pieces of meat, chicken or shrimp stir-fried with celery, onions, bean sprouts, water chestnuts, mushrooms and/or other vegetables, and served over rice, usually with soy sauce. [PAR] Chop suey is supposedly not Chinese, but is a Chinese American dish which originated in the mid to late 19th century, either with Chinese laborers working on the U.S. transcontinental railroad, Chinese immigrants in San Francisco, or Chinese ambassador Li Hung Chang\u2019s cooks while he was visiting New York. More recent information suggests that it originated in the Toisan region of China. [PAR] Legend and History [PAR] Legend has it that, while he was visiting New York City, Chinese ambassador Li Hung Chang's cooks invented the dish for his American guests at a dinner on August 29, 1896. Composed of celery, bean sprouts, and meat in a tasty sauce, the dish was supposedly created to satisfy both Chinese and American tastes. The Chinese diplomat was trying to create good relations with the U.S. And you know the old saying, \"The way to a person's heart is through his or her stomach!\" But is this legend true? [PAR] Whether or not the tale is entirely true, Li Hung Chang definitely influenced the creation of chop suey. When Chang visited the U.S. in August 1896, cheering Americans lined the streets hoping to catch a glimpse of this important visitor and his famous yellow jacket. Children decorated their bicycles with yellow streamers to catch the ambassador's attention. As the guest of honor at grand feasts and elegant banquets, Chang declined the fancy food and champagne that was offered to him and ate only meals specially prepared by his personal chefs. In reality, chop suey was probably not invented by Li Hung Chang's chefs, but America's fascination with this royal visitor from Asia and his team of personal chefs gave rise to new interest in Chinese cooking. [PAR] After 1896, Americans began to visit Chinese restaurants in large numbers for the first time. A chop suey fad swept big cities such as New York and San Francisco. Questioning the origins of the chop suey story, scholars suspect restaurant owners used the popular ambassador's name to inspire interest in a Chinese dish adapted for Americans. Newspaper owners used the same strategy to sell more papers. The New York Journal took advantage of Li Hung Chang's popularity to claim in an advertising poster, \"Li Hung Chang Never Misses the Sunday Journal.\" [PAR] Library of Congress, America's Library Website"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judge: Beer Drinkers Can't Sue Red Stripe For \"Jamaican ... Judge: Beer Drinkers Can\u2019t Sue Red Stripe For \u201cJamaican Style\u201d Beer Brewed In The U.S. \u2013 Consumerist [PAR] fun with labels labels red stripe beer lawsuits [PAR] Just because something is made in another country\u2019s style, does that mean it has to actually be produced in that foreign land? Not necessarily, a judge said recently in dismissing a potential class action lawsuit accusing Red Stripe of false advertising, among other things, because its \u201cJamaican style lager\u201d has been made right here in the United States since 2012. [PAR] U.S. District Judge Barry Ted Moskowitz said beer drinkers can\u2019t sue Diageo-Guinness for labeling its Red Stripe brew with terms like \u201cJamaican Style Lager\u201d and \u201cThe Taste of Jamaica,\u201d despite the fact that it\u2019s produced in Latrobe, Pa., by City Brewing Co., reports Courthouse News Service . [PAR] The two plaintiffs had sued claiming they bought Red Stripe because of those labels, and were seeking class certification and damages for false advertising, unfair competition, business law violations, and negligent and intentional misrepresentation. [PAR] \u201c(T)he Court finds that a reasonable customer would not be misled by the visible packaging into believing that Red Stripe is brewed in Jamaica with Jamaican ingredients,\u201d Moskowitz wrote in dismissing the complaint without prejudice. \u201cThe mere fact that the word \u2018Jamaica\u2019 and \u2018Jamaican\u2019 appear on the packaging is not sufficient to support a conclusion that consumers would be confused regarding the origin and ingredients of the beer.\u201d [PAR] In his ruling he cited Forschner Group, Inc. v. Arrow Trading Co. , in which the Second Circuit held that the phrase \u201cSwiss Army knife cannot fairly be read to mean \u201cmade in Switzerland.\u201d [PAR] Moskowitz concluded that although the plaintiffs can\u2019t state a claim for deception or misrepresentation based on the Red Stripe bottle labels or packaging for the 12-packs or 6-packs, they can amend their complaint to assert claims based on other facts, and file it again within 15 days. [PAR] Red Stripe was first brewed in Jamaica starting in 1938, and was imported to the U.S. starting in 1985. The company that owned the rights before Diageo-Guiness moved production to Pennsylvania in 2012.[DOC] [TLE] Red Stripe Jamaican Lager | Desnoes & Geddes Limited ... Red Stripe Jamaican Lager | Desnoes & Geddes Limited | BeerAdvocate [PAR] Desnoes & Geddes Limited [PAR] Alcohol by volume (ABV): 4.70% [PAR] Availability: Year-round [PAR] Notes / Commercial Description: [PAR] In 2012, Diageo moved production of the U.S. supply of Red Stripe from Jamaica to the U.S.; The supply is produced by City Brewing Co. in La Crosse, Wisconsin and the Latrobe Brewing Company in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, which was the main brewery for Rolling Rock for over 60 years. Desnoes & Geddes will still make Red Stripe for Jamaica, Brazil, Canada and Europe. [PAR] Added by BeerAdvocate on 11-30-2000 [PAR] BEER STATS [PAR] 3.42/5 rDev +14% [PAR] look: 3.25 | smell: 2.5 | taste: 3.75 | feel: 4.25 | overall: 3.5 [PAR] Look: Pours a goldish color, nothing special but not the worst. Slight head which quickly dissolves upon pouring. [PAR] Smell: Nothing unique about the smell at all. [PAR] Taste: Not an overwhelming taste, easily drinkable on a hot day for sure. Its not as filling as other lagers we have tried. [PAR] Feel: Red Stripe goes down real easy, does not leave an unpleasant taste. Does not fill you up like other lagers might. Can easily have 4-5 of these and not feel like a fat slob. [PAR] Overall: This is a good, but not great beer. Definitely"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stella Artois - Beer Wiki - Wikia Stella Artois | Beer Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Stella Artois Logo 2015 [PAR] Stella Artois brewery in Leuven [PAR] Stella Artois is a 5.2% ABV global lager first brewed in Leuven, Belgium in 1926 as a Christmas brew, and named Stella after the Latin for \"star.\" [1] [PAR] Although Belgium is best known internationally for its ales, the so-called \"table beers,\" the bottom-fermented pilsner lagers such as Stella Artois head the list for domestic consumption, making up almost 75% of Belgian beer production. Stella is promoted as an international brand by its brewer, InBev . In its home market of Belgium, however, it is marketed, priced and sold as a regular lager. It is brewed in Belgium and the United Kingdom , as well as other countries, including Australia . Much of the Stella Artois exported from Europe is currently produced at the InBev Brewery in Belgium, and packaged in the Beck's brewery in Bremen, Germany . [PAR] The Anno 1366 on the Stella Artois logo refers to the origin of brewing in the city of Leuven. The city's tax records dated 1366 mention the existence of a local brewpub called Den Hoorn, ('Hoorn' in Flemish meaning 'Horn' in English, as is represented in the logo on the beer label). The name Artois was coupled to the brewery in 1708, when new owner Sebastian Artois achieved the title of Master Brewer . The frame that surrounds the name Stella Artois on the label refers to the traditional style of window frame found in Flemish architecture. [PAR] Stella Artois is available on draught and in several packaged sizes, including a 275 ml bottle, 284 ml bottle, a 330 ml bottle, a 440 ml can, a 50cl can, a pint size can known as \"La Grande Biere\" (568 ml), 66 cl bottle, 70 cl bottle and a 1-liter bottle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 1366 - Records of taxes exist on Leuven's Den Horen Brewery, a brewery that is still in existence today. [PAR] 1708 - Sebastian Artois becomes the master brewer at Den Horen. [PAR] 1717 - Sebastian Artois gives his name to the brewery. [PAR] 1926 - Stella Artois was launched initially as a seasonal beer especially for the Christmas holiday market. [PAR] 1930 - The first Stella Artois beer is exported to the European market. [PAR] 1960 - 1 million hectoliters of Stella Artois is produced annually for the first time. [PAR] 1993 - InBev open a new fully automated brewery in Leuven. [PAR] 2006 - Total production volume reaches over 10 million hectoliters annually. [PAR] Advertising [PAR] Edit [PAR] For some time, Stella Artois' advertising slogan in the United Kingdom was \"Reassuringly Expensive\". The UK television advertising campaigns became known for their distinctive style of imitating European cinema and their leitmotiv inspired by Giuseppe Verdi's La forza del destino. The campaigns began with a series of adverts based on Jean de Florette, moving on to other genres including war movies, silent comedy and even surrealism (for which the slogan was changed to \"Reassuringly Elephants\"). They have used notable movie directors such as Jonathan Glazer, and their aim was to portray the drink in a context of sophisticated European culture. [PAR] During 2007, the \"reassuringly expensive\" slogan was dropped, and the word \"Stella\" has been avoided in the advertisements. This has been seen as a reaction to the lager's perceived connection with aggression and binge-drinking in the United Kingdom, where it is nicknamed \"wife beater\". [2] [PAR] In Belgium, Stella Artois is promoted as Mijn thuis is waar mijn"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does the Bible say about the woman Lilith? What does the Bible say about the woman Lilith? [PAR] What does the Bible say about the woman Lilith? [PAR] Save [PAR] Subscribe [PAR] While the name Lilith does not even appear in the Bible, some have suggested that she was Adam\u2019s first wife. The Genesis account records that Eve was formed from one of Adam\u2019s ribs. Both were created on the same day ( Gen. 1:26-28 ). That evening, God presented her to Adam and they were married. [PAR] Further proof of the fallacy of Lilith lies in the meaning of Eve\u2019s name: \u201cmother of all living\u201d ( Gen. 3:20 ). Besides Adam, no other human beings existed. The concept of Lilith comes from Gnostic legends. Gnostics misinterpreted many parts of the Bible. They based their false concepts on myth and legend, as is the case with Lilith. [PAR] The Merriam-Webster\u2019s Dictionary defines Lilith as: [PAR] A female figure who in rabbinic legend is Adam\u2019s first wife, is supplanted by Eve, and becomes an evil spirit; [PAR] A famous witch in medieval demonology. [PAR] There is no authority or validity in the idea that Adam had a wife prior to the creation of Eve. Lilith is a rabbinic legend with roots in medieval demonology. The Bible is the source of authority and clearly states that Eve was Adam\u2019s \u201cfirst wife.\u201d [PAR] Next Question & Answer:[DOC] [TLE] Eve - All the Women of the Bible - Bible Gateway Eve - All the Women of the Bible - Bible Gateway [PAR] Scripture References\u2014 Genesis 2 and 3; 2 Corinthians 11:3; 1 Timothy 2:13 [PAR] Name Meaning\u2014There are three names applied to Adam\u2019s wife. She is called \u201cWoman, because she was taken out of Man\u201d ( Genesis 2:23 ). \u201cWoman\u201d is more of a generic designation than a name, and is associated with Eve\u2019s relation to Adam, a relation she was created to fulfill. Literally \u201cwoman\u201d means \u201cman-ess.\u201d Then both Eve and her husband are called \u201cAdam.\u201d \u201cMale and female created he them ... and called their name Adam\u201d ( Genesis 5:2 ). This inclusive name implies that the divine ideal for man and wife is not merely that of association but an indissoluble unity. God made them \u201cone flesh\u201d and gave them one name. Eve, the name given her after the transgression and its prophesied results, was the choice of Adam \u201cwho called his wife\u2019s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living\u201d ( 3:16, 20 ). This was the name describing her function and destiny in spiritual history of which she was the beginning. Eve means \u201clife\u201d or \u201clife-giving,\u201d or \u201cmother of all who have life,\u201d and her life is in us all. In Bible days great significance was attached to a change of name. Why then did Adam change his wife\u2019s name\u2014which was his own, Adam, to Eve? Donald Davidson says that, \u201cIn view of the awful judgment pronounced upon them, the man might have been pardoned if he had reproached her as \u2018death,\u2019 for it was her sin that brought death into our world and all our woe. But Adam gives her a name which is expressive of the prophetic life bound up in her. For through the seed of the woman, sin would one day be vanquished, and death would be swallowed up in victory.\u201d [PAR] We have given our cameo of Eve the caption \u201cThe Woman of Unique Distinction\u201d because she is distinct, in so many ways, from all other women who have ever lived. There are a good many \u201cFirsts\u201d to her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Florence Griffith Joyner Florence Griffith Joyner [PAR] Florence Griffith Joyner [PAR] The World's Fastest Woman\u2122 [PAR] Florence Griffith Joyner [PAR] One of the most memorable moments of the 20th century was when Florence Griffith Joyner became an Olympic track and field champion during the 1988 Seoul games. Read More [PAR] World Records [PAR] Flo Jo earned two world records, one in the 100 Meter, and the 200 Meter. Both in 1988."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sarah Palin Biography (State Governor) - Infoplease Sarah Palin Biography (State Governor) [PAR] Best known as: John McCain's vice-presidential candidate in 2008 [PAR] Name at birth: Sarah Louise Heath [PAR] Sarah Palin, the first female governor of Alaska, was John McCain 's running mate in the U.S. presidental elections of 2008. Sarah Palin was born in Idaho but moved to Alaska with her family when she was three months old. Two accomplishments from her youth have become especially well known: she played point guard for Wasilla High School's 1982 championship team, and she placed second in the Miss Alaska contest of 1984. After attending four different colleges, she earned a journalism degree from the University of Idaho in 1987, then returned to Alaska and married Todd Palin , her high school boyfriend, in 1988. After a few stints as a TV sportscaster in Anchorage, Sarah Palin joined the Wasilla city council in 1992, then served as the city's mayor from 1996-2002. She was sworn in as Alaska's first woman governor on December 4, 2006, after running a campaign based on ethics and clean government. Two years later, in a surprise selection, Arizona senator John McCain made her the Republican Party's first female candidate for vice president. She and McCain were defeated by the Democratic ticket of Barack Obama and Joe Biden , but that didn't slow Palin's apparent ambition for the spotlight. She stayed in the public eye throughout the beginning of 2009, making high-profile trips out of Alaska. In a surprise move, she resigned on July 26, 2009, in the middle of her first term as governor, handing power over to Lt. Gov. Sean Parnell. Sarah Palin started a new career as a highly-paid public speaker and Obama critic. She published a memoir, Going Rogue (2009), and starred in her own reality show, Sarah Palin's Alaska, which ran for eight episodes in 2010-11. She also became a paid commentator for Fox News in 2010; Fox News announced that they had \"parted ways\" in January of 2013. She launched her own \"channel\" for videos in July of 2014. And though she didn't run for president herself in 2016, she endorsed the Republican candidacy of Donald Trump in January of that year. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Days after her nomination as vice-president in 2008, Sarah Palin announced that her 17-year-old daughter, Bristol , was pregnant. Sarah Palin said Bristol would marry the father of the child, Levi Johnston , but Bristol Palin and Johnston later broke up. Their son Tripp, Sarah Palin\u2019s first grandchild, was born in December of 2008\u2026 Wasilla is located 35 miles north of Anchorage. The city population was 7028 people in September 2008, according to the city\u2019s website\u2026 Sarah Palin\u2019s high school basketball nickname was \u201cSarah Barracuda\u201d\u2026 The Palins have five children: son Track (b. 1989), daughters Bristol (b. 1990), Willow (b. 1994), and Piper (b. 2000), and son Trig (b. 2008). The dates were confirmed in a two-page health history published by her doctor, Cathy Baldwin-Johnson\u2026 Trig Palin, who has Down Syndrome, was born while Sarah Palin was governor\u2026 Track Palin joined the US Army Reserves in 2007, and spent a year on a tour of duty in Iraq in 2008. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Alaska's Governor Is Tough, Young \u2014 and a Woman : NPR Alaska's Governor Is Tough, Young \u2014 and a Woman : NPR [PAR] Alaska's Governor Is Tough, Young \u2014 and a Woman [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Alaska's Governor Is Tough, Young \u2014 and a Woman [PAR] Alaska's Governor Is Tough, Young"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wallis and Edward Story.htm Wallis and Edward Story.htm [PAR] His Majesty King George V [PAR] THE PLAY [PAR] The story begins with Wallis Simpson's Presentation at Court in 1931, where she arrogantly presents her credentials in the song I'm Bessie Wallis Warfield Simpson, followed by her quickly deposing the Prince of Wales' former mistress Lady Thelma Furness. During Wallis' first visit to Edward's home Fort Belvedere, Noel Coward plays a snipit of this own very telling song If Love Were All . On an open invitation to cocktails, the Prince of Wales unexpectedly appears at the Simpson home in Bryanston Court where he crosses the line between friendship and more in the obssessive song Lost In The Blue. More frivolous partying at Fort Belvedere slithers into the fast-paced song Trend Setters where as international fashion icons we find they are so shallow that the only thing that matters is that they are the people everyone wants to be, and the people that everyone wants to see! The exposure of Wallis' dark side is revealed to King George V and the Royal Family, through the China Dossier, by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin and his proffering of ideas on how to rid England of Mrs. Simpson, by calling upon all of the famous murderers and murderesses of history to come and do away with her in the comic ditty She's Got To Go (They Poison Popes Don't They?) ... all of which comes to naught following King George V's untimely demise. From the Proclamation of Accession of King Edward VIII, and his bartering of Wallis with husband Ernest Simpson in time for Wallis to, hopefully, be crowned Queen of England, and Wallis' self-proclaiming anthem - Going To Be Queen! To the fateful Nahlin Cruise where the world becames aware of their disastrous affair, and King Edward becomes a dangerous political dablatant amongst Eastern Europe's and Asia Minor's potentates in the song Positively Perfect Holiday Trip! [PAR] [PAR] His Majesty King Edward VIII [PAR] Proclamation of Accession of His Majesty King Edward VIII [PAR] Prince of Wales with Lady Thelma Furness and His Caim Terriers Cora and Jaggs at York Cottage c1930 [PAR] 1936 The Year of the Three Kings - George V, [PAR] George VI and Edward VIII [PAR] His Royal Highness the Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon [PAR] Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin [PAR] Wallis' preliminary divorce comes through, and without wasting a moment King Edward pops the Mogul emerald engagement ring that evening, after which Wallis reiterates her right to be Queen, as being ordained, in the reprise of I'm Bessie Wallis Warfield Simpson. Their Suggested Morganatic marriage proposal is refused by Parliament and the Dominions. Crisis! The silence of the British press on their affair breaks! Drop Mrs. Simpson, marry her and the government will resign bringing about a possible fascist regime in England - or abdicate! Meanwhile, in the vein of Osbert Sitwell's infamous essay and poem - Rat Week - about changing sides and allegiances, getting out while one still can and still save face, we find Lady Emerald Cunard and Lady Sybil Colefax singing the scathing double entendre diatribe Last Two Rats, in which Wallis Simpson is the sinking ship they need to abandon! Hoping desperately to crawl, unnoticed, aboard the about to be launched ship of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, so to speak! Wallis flees to France. As the Cross Channel Ferry departs England for France with his beloved Wallis, Edward sings - if you love something set it free, if it doesn't come back to you, it was never"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Family Guy' Characters - About.com Entertainment 'Family Guy' Characters [PAR] 'Family Guy' Characters [PAR] By Nancy Basile [PAR] Updated August 09, 2016. [PAR] The Family Guy characters are what keeps the cartoon one of FOX's biggest hits. From the patriarch, Peter Griffin, down to a brainiac baby, and including their neighbors, the Family Guy characters are a funny bunch. Following is a list of Family Guy characters, with pictures and bios. [PAR] Peter Griffin. FOX [PAR] Peter Griffin [PAR] Peter Griffin ( Seth MacFarlane ) is the central character of Family Guy. He and his family live in Quahog, Rhode Island. Speaking with a thick New England accent, he operates as if he is smarter than everyone else, but in reality he's clueless. He spends his free time drinking at the Drunken Clam with his buddies, Quagmire, Cleveland and Joe. Peter has worked for various companies, including the Pawtucket Patriot Brewery and the Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory (no doubt modeled after Hasbro, which is headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island). Also, Peter has a long history of fighting with a large, yellow chicken. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Family Guy [PAR] 'Family Guy' Lois Griffin. Twentieth Century Fox [PAR] Lois Griffin [PAR] Lois Griffin (Alex Borstein, Mad TV) is Peter's wife. She comes from the wealthy Pewterschmidt family and married Peter against their wishes. Lois is an accomplished piano player and singer. She's considered to be very attractive, which is proven by Quagmire's not-so-subtle advances toward her, as well as her short-lived career as a model ( \"Model Misbehavior\" ). She may be more sophisticated than Peter, but we have seen occasionally that she shares his low brow humor and lustfulness. [PAR] 'Family Guy' Stewie Griffin. Twentieth Century Fox [PAR] Stewie Griffin [PAR] Stewie Griffin (Seth MacFarlane) may be a baby, but he is as diabolical as the worst villain. He is highly intelligent, but he's still very attached to his teddy bear, Rupert. He has schemed many times to destroy Lois, but has failed at every attempt. In early seasons, it was insinuated that Stewie is homosexual. In recent seasons, the writers have become more obvious with his sexual leanings, though the humor is usually couched in Stewie's complete ignorance of his own comments. [PAR] 'Family Guy' Brian Griffin. Twentieth Century Fox [PAR] Brian Griffin [PAR] Brian (Seth MacFarlane) is the Griffin family's dog. He seems to be the wisest and most sensible of all the characters, regardless of the fact that his still urinates on the carpet in Lois' presence. Yes, that's right, he is in love with Lois. Brian has had a girlfriend, Jillian, and enjoys the occasional martini. He and Stewie are usually pitted against each other, or drawn together, by extreme circumstances, such as a road trip to find Brian's mother (the former) or recruitment into the military (the latter). Brian can often be found singing duets with Stewie. [PAR] Family Guy - Meg Griffin. Twentieth Century Fox [PAR] Meg Griffin [PAR] Meg Griffin ( Mila Kunis , That 70s Show) is the only daughter of Peter and Lois. She is frequently the butt of the family's jokes. She is considered to be unattractive and a loser. She and Peter bonded when his driver's license was revoked and she chauffered him around town. She was given a chance to shine as a star in \" Don't Make Me Over .\" Also, she has a crush on Luke Perry. [PAR] 'Family Guy' Chris Griffin. Twentieth Century Fox [PAR] Chris Griffin [PAR] Chris Griffin (Seth Green) is Peter and Lois' eldest son. He's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CBBC Newsround | THE OSCARS | Oscar facts CBBC Newsround | THE OSCARS | Oscar facts [PAR] [PAR] Oscar facts [PAR] Walt Disney has won more Oscars than anyone else. He was nominated for 64, and won 26! [PAR] The actor or actress with the most Oscars is Katharine Hepburn, who starred in old-time classics like The Rainmaker and The African Queen. She won four best actress Oscars [PAR] The youngest ever Oscar winner is actress Tatum O'Neal who was 10 when she won best supporting actress for the film Paper Moon [PAR] Only three films have even won all top five Oscars - Best Film, Actor, Actress, Director and Writing. They are: It Happened One Night, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and The Silence of the Lambs [PAR] During World War II, the winners were given Oscar statues made of plaster instead of the usual golden ones, to mark the war effort [PAR] The most Oscars ever won by a single film is 11. That's happened three times, with Ben Hur, Titanic and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. [PAR] The Return of the King is the only film ever to have won every single Oscar it was nominated for."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oedipus - Greek Mythology Oedipus [PAR] Oedipus [PAR] See More Oedipus Pictures > [PAR] Oedipus was a king in Greek mythology, ruling over the city of Thebes . He was the son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta . Not knowing, he married his mother and had four children with her, Polynices , Eteocles , Antigone , and Ismene . [PAR] It all started when King Laius decided to consult the Oracle at Delphi to learn if he and his wife would ever have children. The prophecy given was that any son that was born out of their union would kill them. After a while, Jocasta got pregnant and eventually gave birth to a baby boy. To avoid the prophecy, Laius told his servants to pierce the baby's ankles, so that he would not be able to crawl; that's how the baby got the name Oedipus , meaning swollen foot. Jocasta then gave the baby to one of their shepherds, telling him to leave the baby in the mountains to die. The shepherd, unable to do this, handed the baby over to another shepherd, who then brought it at the court of King Polybus and Queen Merope of Corinth . [PAR] The royal couple, also childless, decided to adopt the poor baby and raise him as their own. When Oedipus grew up, he was told by someone that Polybus and Merope were not his real parents. Deciding to investigate this matter, Oedipus ended up in Delphi , to consult the Oracle. There, he was told that he would kill his father and marry his mother. Upon hearing this, Oedipus thought that the prophecy meant Polybus and Merope, and decided not to return to Corinth . Instead, he started walking towards the city of Thebes . [PAR] On his way there, he came across King Laius , his biological father, on a chariot, as he was on his way to the Oracle once again. Oedipus and Laius ' charioteer started quarreling over who had the right of way. The quarrel ended up with Oedipus killing the charioteer and his father, thus unknowingly fulfilling the first half of his prophecy. [PAR] Later, he met a monster called Sphinx , who plagued the region of Thebes , destroying crops and killing travellers who did not answer its questions. The Sphinx asked Oedipus the same question it asked the rest; what walks on four feet in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three at night? No one had ever answered the question correctly before, and the Sphinx had killed and eaten all of them. Oedipus thought carefully and eventually gave the correct answer; man, who crawls on all fours as a baby; he walks on two legs as an adult; and needs a walking stick when old. The Sphinx , not bearing that its riddle had been answered correctly, killed itself by falling off the rock it was sitting on. [PAR] When Oedipus reached Thebes , he was accepted with honours by Creon , Jocasta 's brother and his uncle, who served as a temporary king after Laius ' death. Creon had said that anyone who would kill the Sphinx would become king and would marry Jocasta . Thus, the second part of the prophecy was fulfilled and Oedipus rose to the throne of Thebes , marrying his mother. [PAR] Oedipus and Jocasta had four children, Eteocles , Polynices , Antigone and Ismene . Years later, pestilence was brought upon the city of Thebes , so Oedipus sent Creon to the Oracle at Delphi to get a consultation. Creon learned that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Susanna Hoffs - NNDB Susanna Hoffs [PAR] Susanna Hoffs [PAR] Nationality: United States [PAR] Executive summary: Lead singer of The Bangles [PAR] The main voice for one of the most popular girl groups of the 1980s, Susanna Hoffs emerged from a family with its foot already in the door of the entertainment industry -- her mother being film writer and director Tamar Simon Hoffs. Both Susanna and her brothers were given an early start in their musical training courtesy of an uncle who had worked as a musician for performers such as Joni Mitchell and Linda Ronstadt . At the age of eight she began playing the guitar, but interests in dance and acting competed for her attention up until her years at University, when she chose to make music her focus and formed the band The Psychiatrists with her two siblings. [PAR] As the 70s came to a close, Hoffs decided it was time to move on and start a band of her own. An ad in the LA free paper The Recycler led her to sisters Vicki Peterson and Debbi Peterson , and, after a meeting that indicated a great deal of musical compatibility, the three decided to consolidate their talents. In their original trio configuration Vicki handled the bass duties, with Debbi on drums, Susanna on guitar and all contributing vocals; eventually bassist Annette Zalinskas was brought on board and Vicki moved to lead guitar. The group moved through a succession of names before arriving at the one under which they would earn their fame: starting with Colours (appropriate to their love of 60s psychedelic pop) they later changed over to The Supersonic Bangs, which was soon shortened to just The Bangs. Using this name, they established a reputation for themselves on the LA club circuit, as well as releasing the self-produced 7\" single Getting Out Of Hand on their own Downkiddie imprint. Before long the interest of IRS Records founder Miles Copeland was aroused, and a deal with the subsidiary Faulty Products was arranged. [PAR] Now calling themselves The Bangles (due to the pre-existence of another band called The Bangs), the quartet managed only a five-song EP (released in 1982) before Faulty kicked the metaphorical can, leaving them stranded on the verge of a popular breakthrough. At this time Zalinskas defected to Blood On The Saddle, to be replaced by former lead singer for The Runways Michael Steele . A new home (and a more commercial sound) was found with corporate bigshots Columbia, and once again Hoffs and her bandmates set off down the yellow brick road with the debut full-length All Over the Place (1984). By the following year's A Different Light (and with some assistance from Prince ) The Bangles were at the top of the charts and one of the most popular bands of their time. In the midst of this golden era, Susanna took a starring role in Tamar Simon Hoffs' comedy The Allnighter (1987) -- in fact, the third time she had worked in one of her mother's films (although previously only in support roles). The venture was not particularly well-received, but the music side of Hoff's career remained unaffected, her band's cover of Simon and Garfunkel 's Hazy Shade Of Winter making a more successful appearance in the feature Less Than Zero that same year and giving them another run on the charts. The personal popularity of the singer also resulted in her own signature series guitar model, manufactured by the Rickenbacker company (her name would later be used again on an acoustic model issued by Taylor). [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Booth's Reason for Assassination | Teachinghistory.org Booth's Reason for Assassination | Teachinghistory.org [PAR] Booth's Reason for Assassination [PAR] Why did John Wilkes Booth assassinate Abraham Lincoln? What kind of gun did he use? [PAR] Answer [PAR] On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth became the first person to assassinate an American president when he shot and killed Abraham Lincoln in his box at Ford\u2019s Theater in Washington. Using a .44 caliber derringer pistol\u2014a small, easily concealed handgun\u2014Booth fired a single shot (timed so that that the audience\u2019s laughter would mask the report) into Lincoln\u2019s brain at point-blank range before jumping to the stage and escaping into the night. After a two-week manhunt, Federal troops cornered Booth in a barn in Maryland, where a Union soldier shot him in the neck. Booth died two hours later. [PAR] A member of a famous acting family (many considered Booth\u2019s father, Junius Brutus Booth, the finest Shakespearean actor of his generation, and Booth\u2019s older brother, Edwin is commonly named among the greatest American actors of all time), John Wilkes Booth enjoyed a phenomenally successful stage career during the Civil War: by 1864, he earned $20,000 a year, at a time when the average Northern family earned around $300 annually. A Marylander by birth, Booth was an open Confederate sympathizer during the war. A supporter of slavery, Booth believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution and to destroy his beloved South. [PAR] After Lincoln\u2019s reelection in November 1864, Booth devised a plan to kidnap the president and spirit him to Richmond, where he could be ransomed for some of the Confederate prisoners languishing in northern jails. Booth enlisted a group of friends from Washington to aid him in his attempt. That winter, Booth and his conspirators plotted a pair of elaborate plans to kidnap the president; the first involved capturing Lincoln in his box at Ford\u2019s Theater and lowering the president to the stage with ropes. Booth ultimately gave up acting to focus on these schemes, and spent more than $10,000 to buy supplies to outfit his band of kidnappers. Neither of the kidnapping plans bore fruit\u2014the second, a ploy on March 17 to capture Lincoln as he traveled in his carriage collapsed when the president changed his itinerary\u2014and several of Booth\u2019s conspirators ultimately left the group. [PAR] Now, by God, I\u2019ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make [PAR] On the evening of April 11, the president stood on the White House balcony and delivered a speech to a small group gathered on the lawn. Two days earlier, Robert E. Lee had surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, and after four long years of struggle it had become clear that the Union cause would emerge from the war victorious. Lincoln\u2019s speech that evening outlined some of his ideas about reconstructing the nation and bringing the defeated Confederate states back into the Union. Lincoln also indicated a wish to extend the franchise to some African-Americans\u2014at the very least, those who had fought in the Union ranks during the war\u2014and expressed a desire that the southern states would extend the vote to literate blacks, as well. Booth stood in the audience for the speech, and this notion seems to have amplified his rage at Lincoln. \u201cThat means nigger citizenship,\u201d he told Lewis Powell, one of his band of conspirators. \u201cNow, by God, I\u2019ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make.\u201d [PAR] Three days later Booth made good on his promise. Upon learning that Lincoln and his wife intended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The ides of March: Julius Caesar is murdered - Mar 15, 44 ... The ides of March: Julius Caesar is murdered - Mar 15, 44 B.C. - HISTORY.com [PAR] The Roman leader Julius Caesar was stabbed 23 times by a mob of mutinous senators in 44 B.C. Could he possibly have survived long enough to utter his famous last words? [PAR] Crime [PAR] The ides of March: Julius Caesar is murdered [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The ides of March: Julius Caesar is murdered [PAR] Author [PAR] The ides of March: Julius Caesar is murdered [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Julius Caesar, the\u201ddictator for life\u201dof the Roman Empire, is murdered by his own senators at a meeting in a hall next to Pompey\u2019s Theatre. The conspiracy against Caesar encompassed as many as sixty noblemen, including Caesar\u2019s own protege, Marcus Brutus. [PAR] Caesar was scheduled to leave Rome to fight in a war on March 18 and had appointed loyal members of his army to rule the Empire in his absence. The Republican senators, already chafing at having to abide by Caesar\u2019s decrees, were particularly angry about the prospect of taking orders from Caesar\u2019s underlings. Cassius Longinus started the plot against the dictator, quickly getting his brother-in-law Marcus Brutus to join. [PAR] Caesar should have been well aware that many of the senators hated him, but he dismissed his security force not long before his assassination. Reportedly, Caesar was handed a warning note as he entered the senate meeting that day but did not read it. After he entered the hall, Caesar was surrounded by senators holding daggers. Servilius Casca struck the first blow, hitting Caesar in the neck and drawing blood. The other senators all joined in, stabbing him repeatedly about the head. [PAR] Marcus Brutus wounded Caesar in the groin and Caesar is said to have remarked in Greek, \u201cYou, too, my child?\u201d In the aftermath of the assassination, Antony attempted to carry out Caesar\u2019s legacy. However, Caesar\u2019s will left Octavian in charge as his adopted son. Cassius and Brutus tried to rally a Republican army and Brutus even issued coins celebrating the assassination, known as the Ides of March. Octavian vowedrevenge against the assassins, two years later Cassius and Brutuscommitted suicide after learning that Octavian\u2019s forces had defeated theirs at the Battle of Philippa in Greece. [PAR] Antony took his armies east, where he hooked up with Caesar\u2019s old paramour, Cleopatra. Octavian and Antony fought for many years until Octavian prevailed. In 30 B.C., Antonycommitted suicide. Octavian, later known as Augustus, ruled the Roman Empire for many more years. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macbeth according to Shakespeare - SparkNotes SparkNotes: Macbeth: Character List [PAR] Character List [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Macbeth - Macbeth is a Scottish general and the thane of Glamis who is led to wicked thoughts by the prophecies of the three witches, especially after their prophecy that he will be made thane of Cawdor comes true. Macbeth is a brave soldier and a powerful man, but he is not a virtuous one. He is easily tempted into murder to fulfill his ambitions to the throne, and once he commits his first crime and is crowned King of Scotland, he embarks on further atrocities with increasing ease. Ultimately, Macbeth proves himself better suited to the battlefield than to political intrigue, because he lacks the skills necessary to rule without being a tyrant. His response to every problem is violence and murder. Unlike Shakespeare\u2019s great villains, such as Iago in Othello and Richard III in Richard III, Macbeth is never comfortable in his role as a criminal. He is unable to bear the psychological consequences of his atrocities. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Macbeth. [PAR] Lady Macbeth - Macbeth\u2019s wife, a deeply ambitious woman who lusts for power and position. Early in the play she seems to be the stronger and more ruthless of the two, as she urges her husband to kill Duncan and seize the crown. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls victim to guilt and madness to an even greater degree than her husband. Her conscience affects her to such an extent that she eventually commits suicide. Interestingly, she and Macbeth are presented as being deeply in love, and many of Lady Macbeth\u2019s speeches imply that her influence over her husband is primarily sexual. Their joint alienation from the world, occasioned by their partnership in crime, seems to strengthen the attachment that they feel to each another. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Lady Macbeth. [PAR] The Three Witches - Three \u201cblack and midnight hags\u201d who plot mischief against Macbeth using charms, spells, and prophecies. Their predictions prompt him to murder Duncan, to order the deaths of Banquo and his son, and to blindly believe in his own immortality. The play leaves the witches\u2019 true identity unclear\u2014aside from the fact that they are servants of Hecate, we know little about their place in the cosmos. In some ways they resemble the mythological Fates, who impersonally weave the threads of human destiny. They clearly take a perverse delight in using their knowledge of the future to toy with and destroy human beings. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of The Three Witches. [PAR] Banquo - The brave, noble general whose children, according to the witches\u2019 prophecy, will inherit the Scottish throne. Like Macbeth, Banquo thinks ambitious thoughts, but he does not translate those thoughts into action. In a sense, Banquo\u2019s character stands as a rebuke to Macbeth, since he represents the path Macbeth chose not to take: a path in which ambition need not lead to betrayal and murder. Appropriately, then, it is Banquo\u2019s ghost\u2014and not Duncan\u2019s\u2014that haunts Macbeth. In addition to embodying Macbeth\u2019s guilt for killing Banquo, the ghost also reminds Macbeth that he did not emulate Banquo\u2019s reaction to the witches\u2019 prophecy. [PAR] King Duncan - The good King of Scotland whom Macbeth, in his ambition for the crown, murders. Duncan is the model of a virtuous, benevolent, and farsighted ruler. His death symbolizes the destruction of an order in Scotland that can be restored only when Duncan\u2019s line, in the person of Malcolm, once more occupies the throne."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was ... Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was Assassinated - 2007 Crime Magazine [PAR] by Michael Thomas Barry [PAR] On December 27, 2007, Benazir Bhutto, the former prime minister of Pakistan and the first democratically elected female leader of a Muslim country was assassinated. A polarizing figure at home and abroad, Bhutto had spent three decades struggling to stay afloat in the murky waters of Pakistani politics. To many of her supporters, she represented the strongest hope for democratic and egalitarian leadership in a country unhinged by political corruption and Islamic extremism. [PAR] Born in 1953 to a wealthy landowning family, Bhutto grew up in the privileged world of Pakistan\u2019s political elite, receiving degrees from Harvard and Oxford. Her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, founded the populist-leaning Pakistan People\u2019s Party (PPP) in 1967. He then served as president and prime minister from 1971 to 1977, when he was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq and charged with authorizing a political opponent\u2019s murder. Her father\u2019s overthrow and subsequent execution in April 1979 thrust a young Benazir Bhutto into the political spotlight. She and her mother, Nusrat, whom she succeeded in 1982 as the PPP\u2019s chairperson, spent several years in and out of detention for protesting her father\u2019s arrest and actively campaigned against General Zia. In August 1988, Zia died in a plane crash; three months later, Bhutto won the general election and formed a government, becoming the first woman, and, at 35, the youngest person to head a Muslim state in modern times. Dismissed in 1990 after less than half a term as prime minister, she was reelected in 1993 and served again until 1996. Both times, she was removed from office by the sitting president, Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1990 and Farooq Leghari in 1996, amid charges of corruption and incompetent governance. [PAR] After her second dismissal from office, Bhutto and her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, faced allegations of various forms of financial misconduct, including accepting multimillion-dollar kickbacks and laundering money through Swiss banks. Zardari spent eight years in prison, while Bhutto lived in exile in London and Dubai with the couple\u2019s three children. In 2007, under pressure from Bhutto\u2019s supporters within the U.S. government, President Pervez Musharraf granted amnesty to Bhutto, Zardari and other Pakistani politicians with pending graft charges. On October 18th of that year, despite a spate of death threats from Islamic militants, Bhutto returned to Pakistan with plans to participate in the 2008 general election. On the day of her arrival, she narrowly escaped a suicide bomb attack on her convoy that killed at least 136 people and injured more than 450. [PAR] On December 27, 2007, as Bhutto was waving to a crowd at a PPP rally in Rawalpindi, a gunman opened fire on her bulletproof vehicle. A bomb then exploded near the car, killing more than 20 people and wounding 100 others, including Bhutto. She was pronounced dead later that night and buried the next day in her hometown of Gardi Khuda Bakhsh, next to her father's grave. The exact cause of her death remains in dispute: A subsequent investigation by Britain's Scotland Yard ruled that Bhutto died of head injuries caused by the force of the explosion, while the PPP maintained that she died from gunshot wounds. [PAR] Bhutto\u2019s death sparked widespread violence across Pakistan, with riots and demonstrations leading to violent police crackdowns. The political turmoil caused international fears of instability in a nuclear-armed nation already embroiled in a fight against Islamic extremists. In the weeks and months"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fury over Channel 4 insult to MP Airey Neave killed by the ... Fury over Channel 4 insult to MP Airey Neave killed by the IRA | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Channel 4 is facing furious demands to axe a controversial drama that hijacks a real terrorist murder of a senior Tory MP for entertainment. [PAR] The family of Airey Neave are fighting to ban the fictional thriller, which uses genuine news footage of the car bomb that killed him in the Commons car park, from being aired tomorrow. [PAR] Producers of the drama Utopia pretend that his 1979 death was perpetrated by a secret MI5 cell, when in fact he was murdered by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), an IRA splinter group. [PAR] Close: Margaret Thatcher with her friend and advisor Airey Neave at a 1978 press conference [PAR] Slurs: Airey Neave is shown drinking and plotting in Channel 4's Utopia [PAR] His devastated family \u2013 who were not consulted by the channel \u2013 last night said they were intending to take action after learning how the prime-time series had fictionalised the atrocity \u2018in the name of entertainment\u2019 as well as falsely depicting him as a debauched and conniving figure. [PAR] The drama muddies the line between fact and fiction, drawing heavily on debunked conspiracy theories that Mr Neave \u2013 a war hero who escaped Colditz \u2013 was assassinated by the Government. [PAR] The programme includes genuine footage showing the blood-stained wreckage of Mr Neave\u2019s car, paramedics racing to save his life and Margaret Thatcher\u2019s reaction to news of the murder of her close ally and confidant, lending the fiction a veneer of credibility. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Mr Neave\u2019s youngest son William, 60, told The Mail on Sunday: \u2018I am upset and I would dearly like to protect my father\u2019s reputation from lies and fabrication. [PAR] 'It seems that when somebody dies, people can say whatever they like. We would love to stop it from airing.\u2019 Norman Tebbit \u2013 a close friend and colleague of Airey Neave who himself survived an IRA bomb \u2013 said: \u2018To attack a man like that who is dead and cannot defend himself is despicable.\u2019 [PAR] In the first episode of Utopia\u2019s second series, which airs tomorrow at 10pm, Mr Neave \u2013 played by Blackadder\u2019s Tim McInnerny \u2013 is portrayed as a hard-drinking double-dealer who connives with spies. [PAR] Downing red wine over lunch, he is seen striking a murky deal with the security services to bring down Jim Callaghan\u2019s Government by silencing a prominent Labour MP \u2013 by whatever means necessary. [PAR] Real murder: Airey Neave's bomb-damaged car on the ramp of the Commons car park [PAR] Report: Daily Mail front page of the attack in 1979 [PAR] William, a Lloyd\u2019s underwriter who was 26 when his father was murdered, added: \u2018I don\u2019t know why Channel 4 would want to make such sensationalist claims when they are just not true. [PAR] 'The suggestion that my father was a drinker is particularly upsetting and utterly dishonest. After his heart attack in 1959, he gave up drinking altogether. We may well have to take action over this.\u2019 [PAR] William\u2019s brother Patrick, 66, branded the drama an \u2018utter travesty and a cynical, money-making exercise\u2019, adding: \u2018Who do these people think they are, reinventing history for the purpose of entertainment? To show real-life footage of my father\u2019s death is in incredibly poor taste, real in-the-gutter stuff. [PAR] \u2018We will be sending a very terse message of disapproval to the head of Channel 4. They didn\u2019t"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - Nov 24, 1963 - HISTORY.com Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - Nov 24, 1963 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald [PAR] Author [PAR] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] At 12:20 p.m., in the basement of the Dallas police station, Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of President John F. Kennedy, is shot to death by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner. [PAR] On November 22, President Kennedy was fatally shot while riding in an open-car motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas. Less than an hour after the shooting, Lee Harvey Oswald killed a policeman who questioned him on the street. Thirty minutes after that, he was arrested in a movie theater by police. Oswald was formally arraigned on November 23 for the murders of President Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit. [PAR] On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy\u2019s murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder. [PAR] Jack Ruby, originally known as Jacob Rubenstein, operated strip joints and dance halls in Dallas and had minor connections to organized crime. He also had a relationship with a number of Dallas policemen, which amounted to various favors in exchange for leniency in their monitoring of his establishments. He features prominently in Kennedy-assassination theories, and many believe he killed Oswald to keep him from revealing a larger conspiracy. In his trial, Ruby denied the allegation and pleaded innocent on the grounds that his great grief over Kennedy\u2019s murder had caused him to suffer \u201cpsychomotor epilepsy\u201d and shoot Oswald unconsciously. The jury found him guilty of the \u201cmurder with malice\u201d of Oswald and sentenced him to die. [PAR] In October 1966, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the grounds of improper admission of testimony and the fact that Ruby could not have received a fair trial in Dallas at the time. In January 1967, while awaiting a new trial, to be held in Wichita Falls, Ruby died of lung cancer in a Dallas hospital. [PAR] The official Warren Commission report of 1964 concluded that neither Oswald nor Ruby were part of a larger conspiracy, either domestic or international, to assassinate President Kennedy. Despite its seemingly firm conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event, and in 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was \u201cprobably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy\u201d that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime. The committee\u2019s findings, as with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be widely disputed. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated - Jun 28, 1914 ... Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated - Jun 28, 1914 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914. [PAR] The great Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck, the man most responsible for the unification of Germany in 1871, was quoted as saying at the end of his life that \u201cOne day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans.\u201d It went as he predicted. [PAR] The archduke traveled to Sarajevo in June 1914 to inspect the imperial armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Ottoman territories in the turbulent Balkan region that were annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 to the indignation of Serbian nationalists, who believed they should become part of the newly independent and ambitious Serbian nation. The date scheduled for his visit, June 28, coincided with the anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo in 1389, in which medieval Serbia was defeated by the Turks. Despite the fact that Serbia did not truly lose its independence until the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, June 28 was a day of great significance to Serbian nationalists, and one on which they could be expected to take exception to a demonstration of Austrian imperial strength in Bosnia. [PAR] June 28 was also Franz Ferdinand\u2019s wedding anniversary. His beloved wife, Sophie, a former lady-in-waiting, was denied royal status in Austria due to her birth as a poor Czech aristocrat, as were the couple\u2019s children. In Bosnia, however, due to its limbo status as an annexed territory, Sophie could appear beside him at official proceedings. On June 28, 1914, then, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were touring Sarajevo in an open car, with surprisingly little security, when Serbian nationalist Nedjelko Cabrinovic threw a bomb at their car; it rolled off the back of the vehicle and wounded an officer and some bystanders. Later that day, on the way to visit the injured officer, the archduke\u2019s procession took a wrong turn at the junction of Appel quay and Franzjosefstrasse, where one of Cabrinovic\u2019s cohorts, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, happened to be loitering. [PAR] Seeing his opportunity, Princip fired into the car, shooting Franz Ferdinand and Sophie at point-blank range. Princip then turned the gun on himself, but was prevented from shooting it by a bystander who threw himself upon the young assassin. A mob of angry onlookers attacked Princip, who fought back and was subsequently wrestled away by the police. Meanwhile, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie lay fatally wounded in their limousine as it rushed to seek help; they both died within the hour. [PAR] The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events: Austria-Hungary, like many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Slav nationalism once and for all. As Russia supported Serbia, an Austro-Hungarian declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention\u2013which would likely involve Russia\u2019s ally, France, and possibly Britain as well. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe\u2019s great powers collapsed. Within a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andrey Lugovoy - Military Wiki - Wikia Andrey Lugovoy | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Born in 1966 in Baku, Lugovoy attended the elite Soviet military command academy in Moscow. [2] [3] In 1987, Lugovoy joined the KGB's 9th directorate which provided security for top state officials. He was a platoon commander for five years and then served as a commander in the Kremlin regiment's training company. In 1991 he was transferred to the Federal Protective Service of Russia until his resignation at the end of 1996. During this time he provided security for Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar , the head of the presidential administration Sergey Filatov and Foreign Minister Andrey Kozyrev . [PAR] Lugovoy went on to work in the private security business. For several years he was head of security at the private television company ORT , then owned by now fugitive tycoons Boris Berezovsky and Badri Patarkatsishvili . In 2001, Lugovoy was arrested and charged with organizing the escape of Nikolai Glushkov , a former deputy director-general of Aeroflot arrested in 2000 on fraud charges. [PAR] Alexander Litvinenko poisoning [PAR] Main article: Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko [PAR] Lugovoy met with Litvinenko on the day Litvinenko fell ill (November 1, 2006). Litvinenko died later in November from radiation poisoning caused by polonium-210 , and on May 22, 2007 British officials charged Lugovoy with Litvinenko's murder, announcing they would seek his extradition from Russia . Russia declined to extradite Lugovoy, citing that extradition of citizens is not allowed under the Russian constitution. Russia said that they could take on the case themselves if Britain provided evidence against Lugovoy but that Britain has not handed over any evidence. The head of the investigating committee at the General Prosecutor's Office said Russia has not yet received any evidence from Britain on Lugovoy. \"We have not received any evidence from London of Lugovoy's guilt, and those documents we have are full of blank spaces and contradictions.\" [4] [PAR] Lugovoy had visited London at least three times in the month before Litvinenko 's death and met with him four times. Lugovoy met with Litvinenko on the day he fell ill (November 1). Traces of polonium-210 have been discovered in all three hotels where Lugovoy stayed after flying to London on October 16, in the Pescatori restaurant in Dover Street , Mayfair, where Lugovoy is understood to have dined before November 1, and aboard two aircraft on which he had travelled. [5] [6] He was treated at a Moscow hospital for suspected radiation poisoning but declined to say whether he had been contaminated with polonium-210, the substance that led to Litvinenko's death on November 23, 2006. [7] [PAR] Lugovoy accused British intelligence agents of being behind the killing, and claimed MI6 had tried to recruit him to spy on Russia. [8] On October 27, 2007, the Daily Mail, citing unnamed \"diplomatic and intelligence sources\", stated that Litvinenko was paid about \u00a32,000 per month by MI6 at the time of his murder. [9] [PAR] Timeline of Lugovoy involvement in Litvinenko poisoning [PAR] Edit [PAR] On November 30, 2006, Georgian tycoon Badri Patarkatsishvili described Lugovoy as a \"close friend\" with whom he had been working for thirteen years. He said he hoped Lugovoy was innocent, but added that there is \"no such thing as a former KGB agent.\" [PAR] On December 4, 2006, Lugovoy visited a hospital in Moscow for medical tests. [PAR] On December 9, 2006, Lugovoy was released from the hospital and declared to be in \"satisfactory condition.\" [7] [PAR] On January 26, 2007, The Guardian reported"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breaking News English ESL Lesson Plan on John Lennon's Killer Breaking News English ESL Lesson Plan on John Lennon's Killer [PAR] John Lennon\u2019s Killer Says Why He Did It (17th September, 2010) [PAR] [PAR] The man who killed former Beatle John Lennon has told prison authorities why he did it. Mark David Chapman, 55, explained his reasons to his parole board on September 7th. It is the first time he has given any explanation for murdering Lennon on the steps of the rock legend\u2019s apartment in New York on December 8th, 1980. He said: \"I felt that by killing John Lennon I would become somebody, and instead of that I became a murderer and murderers are not somebodies.\u201d He added: \"I made a horrible decision to end another human being's life for reasons of selfishness, and that was my decision at that time.\u201d Chapman thought that by killing someone famous he would achieve \"instant notoriety and fame.\" [PAR] Chapman is serving a sentence of 20 years to life for shooting Lennon. He was first eligible for parole in 2000 but prison officials decided not to release him. His next parole hearing will be in August 2012. He hopes that talking about his crime will help him get released. He revealed that his deepening belief in God while in prison has made him a better person. He admitted that he understands why members of the public want to keep him locked up forever. Another new revelation is that Chapman had other famous people on his hit list, including actress Elizabeth Taylor and former U.S. president Ronald Reagan. He chose John Lennon because he was \u201cmore accessible\u201d. He said: \"I found out what building he was at and went there.\" [PAR] WARM-UPS [PAR] 1. JOHN LENNON: Walk around the class and talk to other students about John Lennon. Change partners often. Sit with your first partner(s) and share your findings. [PAR] 2. CHAT: In pairs / groups, decide which of these topics or words from the article are most interesting and which are most boring. [PAR] [PAR] former / the Beatles / prison authorities / explanation / rock legend / notoriety / fame / parole / crime / belief in God / being a better person / locked up / hit list / accessible [PAR] Have a chat about the topics you liked. Change topics and partners frequently. [PAR] 3. BEING SOMEBODY: How could you do it? Complete this table with your partner(s). Change partners and share what you wrote. Change and share again. [PAR] Instant fame [PAR] WHILE READING / LISTENING [PAR] GAP FILL: Put the words into the gaps in the text. [PAR] The man who killed former Beatle John Lennon has told prison ____________ why he did it. Mark David Chapman, 55, explained his reasons to his parole ____________ on September 7th. It is the first time he has given ____________ explanation for murdering Lennon on the steps of the ____________ legend\u2019s apartment in New York on December 8th, 1980. He said: \"I felt that by killing John Lennon I would become somebody, and ____________ of that I became a murderer and murderers are not somebodies.\u201d He added: \"I made a horrible ____________ to end another human being's life for reasons of selfishness, and that was my decision at that ____________.\u201d Chapman thought that by killing someone famous he would achieve \"____________ notoriety and fame.\" [PAR] [PAR] deepening [PAR] LISTENING \u0096 Listen and fill in the gaps [PAR] The man who killed former Beatle John Lennon ______________________ why he did it. Mark David Chapman, 55, explained his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clayton Moore - The Wild West, Old West, American History ... Clayton Moore - The Wild West [PAR] Clayton Moore [PAR] Wild West ShowBiz Cowboys [PAR] Clayton Moore [PAR] TV Cowboy: Clayton Moore was TV's \"The Lone Ranger\" from 1949-56 and starred in 221 episodes. [PAR] He missed one season when he was replaced by another actor after a studio salary dispute. His famous cry: \"Hi, Ho, Silver\" (the name of his horse - often as he sped away). [PAR] Moore also starred in a number of films for Republic Pictures as well as two \"Lone Ranger\" films in 1956 and 1958. He was born in 1914 in Chicago and was part of a flying trapeze act in a traveling circus. He moved to Hollywood in 1938, worked as a stuntman and extra and played the bad guy in some films with Roy Rogers and Gene Autry. [PAR] After the TV series ended, Moore remained under contract to portray the \"masked man\" for Dodge car commercials. Then in 1979 a court ordered him to stop wearing the trademark mask and Moore was forced to make special appearances in a pair of sunglasses. He is remembered for the deep resonant voice behind the mask. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1999-2016 thewildwest.org."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - IMDb Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 7 January 2017 5:00 AM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] Two Western bank/train robbers flee to Bolivia when the law gets too close. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \"No Small Parts\" IMDb Exclusive: 'Edge of Seventeen' Star Hailee Steinfeld [PAR] Hailee Steinfeld has received critical acclaim for her role in the coming-of-age comedy The Edge of Seventeen . What other roles has she played over the years? Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 21 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 09 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) [PAR] 8.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 16 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A man refuses to conform to life in a rural prison. [PAR] Director: Stuart Rosenberg [PAR] In Chicago in September 1936, a young con man seeking revenge for his murdered partner teams up with a master of the big con to win a fortune from a criminal banker. [PAR] Director: George Roy Hill [PAR] Allied prisoners of war plan for several hundred of their number to escape from a German camp during World War II. [PAR] Director: John Sturges [PAR] After settling his differences with a Japanese PoW camp commander, a British colonel co-operates to oversee his men's construction of a railway bridge for their captors - while oblivious to a plan by the Allies to destroy it. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] Retired Old West gunslinger William Munny reluctantly takes on one last job, with the help of his old partner and a young man. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Two bounty hunters with the same intentions team up to track down a Western outlaw. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] A wandering gunfighter plays two rival families against each other in a town torn apart by greed, pride, and revenge. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small industrial town in Pennsylvania. [PAR] Director: Michael Cimino [PAR] The story of T.E. Lawrence , the English officer who successfully united and led the diverse, often warring, Arab tribes during World War I in order to fight the Turks. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] A private detective hired to expose an adulterer finds himself caught up in a web of deceit, corruption and murder. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] Fred Dobbs and Bob Curtin, two Americans searching for work in Mexico, convince an old prospector to help them mine for gold in the Sierra Madre"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stagecoach (1939) - IMDb Stagecoach (1939) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A group of people traveling on a stagecoach find their journey complicated by the threat of Geronimo and learn something about each other in the process. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Ernest Haycox (original story), Dudley Nichols (screen play) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] Watch the video [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 03 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Stagecoach \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 4 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] Dunson leads a cattle drive, the culmination of over 14 years of work, to its destination in Missouri. But his tyrannical behavior along the way causes a mutiny, led by his adopted son. [PAR] Directors: Howard Hawks, Arthur Rosson [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, Montgomery Clift, Joanne Dru [PAR] A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] At Fort Apache, an honorable and veteran war captain finds conflict when his regime is placed under the command of a young, glory hungry lieutenant colonel with no respect for the local Indian tribe. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A Western retelling the tale of the Shoot-out at the OK Corral. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] Captain Nathan Brittles, on the eve of retirement, takes out a last patrol to stop an impending massive Indian attack. Encumbered by women who must be evacuated, Brittles finds his mission imperiled. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A weary gunfighter attempts to settle down with a homestead family, but a smoldering settler/rancher conflict forces him to act. [PAR] Director: George Stevens [PAR] A cavalry officer posted on the Rio Grande must deal with murderous raiding Apaches, his son who's a risk-taking recruit and his wife from whom he has been separated for many years. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A retired American boxer returns to the village of his birth in Ireland, where he finds love. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Darling Clementine Movie Review (1946) | Roger Ebert My Darling Clementine Movie Review (1946) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] \"What kind of town is this?\u201d Wyatt Earp asks on his first night in Tombstone. \u201cA man can't get a shave without gettin' his head blowed off.\u201d He gets up out of the newfangled barber's chair at the Bon Ton Tonsorial Parlor and climbs through the second-story window of a saloon, his face still half lathered, to konk a gun-toting drunk on the head and drag him out by the heels. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Earp ( Henry Fonda ) already knows what kind of town it is. In the opening scenes of John Ford's greatest Western, \u201cMy Darling Clementine\u201d (1946), he and his brothers are driving cattle east to Kansas. Wyatt, Virgil and Morgan leave their kid brother James in charge of the herd and go into town for a shave and a beer. As they ride down the main street of Tombstone, under a vast and lowering evening sky, gunshots and raucous laughter are heard in the saloons, and we don't have to ask why the town has the biggest graveyard west of the Rockies. [PAR] Ford's story reenacts the central morality play of the Western. Wyatt Earp becomes the town's new marshal, there's a showdown between law and anarchy, the law wins and the last shot features the new schoolmarm--who represents the arrival of civilization. Most Westerns put the emphasis on the showdown. \u201cMy Darling Clementine\u201d builds up to the legendary gunfight at the OK Corral, but it is more about everyday things--haircuts, romance, friendship, poker and illness. [PAR] At the center is Henry Fonda's performance as Wyatt Earp. He's usually shown as a man of action, but Fonda makes him the new-style Westerner, who stands up when a woman comes into the room and knows how to carve a chicken and dance a reel. Like a teenager, he sits in a chair on the veranda of his office, tilts back to balance on the back legs and pushes off against a post with one boot and then the other. He's thinking of Clementine, and Fonda shows his happiness with body language. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Earp has accepted the marshal's badge because when he and his brothers returned to their herd, they found the cattle rustled and James dead. There is every reason to believe the crime was committed by Old Man Clanton ( Walter Brennan ) and his \u201cboys\u201d (grown, bearded and mean). An early scene ends with Clanton baring his teeth like an animal showing its fangs. Earp buries James in a touching scene. (\u201cYou didn't get much of a chance, did you, James?\u201d) Then, instead of riding into town and shooting the Clantons, he tells the mayor he'll become the new marshal. He wants revenge, but legally. [PAR] The most important relationship is between Earp and Doc Holliday ( Victor Mature ), the gambler who runs Tombstone but is dying of tuberculosis. They are natural enemies, but a quiet, unspoken regard grows up between the two men, maybe because Earp senses the sadness at Holliday's core. Holliday's rented room has his medical diploma on the wall and his doctor's bag beneath it, but he doesn't practice anymore. Something went wrong back East, and now he gambles for a living, and drinks himself into oblivion. His lover is a prostitute, Chihuahua ( Linda Darnell ), and he talks about leaving for Mexico with her. But as he coughs up blood, he knows what his prognosis is. [PAR] The marshal's first showdown with Holliday"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] O.K . Corral | HistoryNet O.K. Corral: A Gunfight Shrouded in Mystery [PAR] By Casey Tefertiller and Jeff Morey [PAR] Cowboy Billy Clanton still lay dying, his face contorted with pain, when the press began the difficult task of piecing together the details of an October 1881 street battle in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. In later years it would become known as the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Richard Rule, veteran city editor of the Tombstone Nugget, helped carry Clanton into the house where the young man would pass into history, then returned to the streets to go to work. [PAR] With the canny eye of an experienced newsman, Rule began collecting the details of the gunfight, interviewing witnesses and trying to get a handle on what transpired during that fateful half minute and what led up to the battle. It would be a model of frontier journalism and vital to future understanding of perhaps the most debated event of the American frontier. [PAR] The saga of the O.K. Corral has been told repeatedly and from many perspectives, often with fictional intrusions and biased analysis. Now, for the first time in 120 years, we may have an authentic understanding of the events that led to the gunfight and what actually occurred in the streets of Tombstone \u2014 with a great deal of help from Richard Rule. [PAR] Read More in Wild West Magazine [PAR] Subscribe online and save nearly 40%!!! [PAR] Through the tense summer of 1881, emotions had grown explosive. Bands of rustlers roamed the backcountry, stealing cattle mostly in Mexico or from Mexican ranchers in Arizona and New Mexico territories and then selling them to apparently legitimate ranchers for resale. The Clanton and McLaury families owned ranches reputed to be headquarters for receiving stolen cattle. This great cattle scam drew little ire from an American population more interested in acquiring wealth in the rich new mining areas than investigating international relations. In addition, Mexico had assessed high taxes on alcohol and tobacco, and smugglers came to southern Arizona Territory to purchase the goods cheaply for resale south of the border. The cash- and jewel-laden smugglers provided an easy target for American bandits. [PAR] As that fateful year of 1881 progressed, the situation changed. The Mexican government dropped taxes on alcohol and tobacco and then lodged numerous protests with federal and territorial officials to try to stop the outlawry against Mexican citizens. Territorial Governor John C. Fr\u00e9mont, the old pathfinder and the first Republican presidential candidate in 1856, suggested in February that the territorial Legislature fund a state militia to ride against the outlaws and stop the rustling. Legislators hooted down the visionary plan. The Mexican government built a series of forts along the border and began to fight back against the American outlaws. American rustlers George Turner and Alfred McAllister were killed in Mexico during a raid on May 13. [PAR] Back on the U.S. side of the border, citizens also began to grow agitated over outlawry, particularly because of what happened on March 15. Three robbers that day attempted to intercept a stagecoach traveling from Tombstone to Benson, Arizona Territory. Driver Eli \u2018Budd\u2019 Philpot and passenger Peter Roerig were killed. Jim Crane, William Leonard and Harry Head were identified as the robbers. [PAR] With Fr\u00e9mont\u2019s militia plan discarded, there was little to counter the rustling and other crimes that gripped southern Arizona Territory. Cochise County Sheriff John Behan and his deputies were charged with battling the rustlers, who became known as the \u2018Cowboys.\u2019 But Behan was at best ineffective and at worst crooked. His deputy Billy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wild Bill Hickok | HistoryNet 6/12/2006 \u2022 Wild West [PAR] James Butler Hickok, the renowned \u2018Wild Bill,\u2019 remains perhaps the most famous of all Western gunfighters. His exploits as a Civil War operative, frontiersman and peace officer have been celebrated often in print, in movies, and on television. But, despite all this attention through the years, we know very little about the man himself. Vintage photographs, haunting and mysterious, span the mist of time. We wonder, who was Wild Bill Hickok? [PAR] The man who became marshal of Abilene, Kan., on April 15, 1871, was a frontier dandy. He stood 6 foot 3 in his custom-made boots. His riveting gray eyes, set off by a drooping mustache, seemed to look right through people. Beneath the black hat with the sweeping brim, blond hair tumbled to his shoulders, and a Prince Albert frock coat showed off broad shoulders and a narrow waist. [PAR] Hickok dazzled many women, including George Armstrong Custer\u2019s wife, Libbie. There were even rumors of an affair. In any case, Libbie Custer wrote the following about him in her 1890 book Following the Guidon: \u2018Physically, he was a delight to look upon. Tall, lithe, and free in every motion, he rode and walked as if every muscle was perfection, and the careless swing of his body as he moved seemed perfectly in keeping with the man, the country, the time in which he lived. I do not recall anything finer in the way of physical perfection than Wild Bill when he swung himself lightly from his saddle, and with graceful, swaying step, squarely set shoulders and well poised head, approached our tent for orders. He was rather fantastically clad, of course, but all seemed perfectly in keeping with the time and place. He did not make an armory of his waist, but carried two pistols. He wore top-boots, riding breeches, and dark blue flannel shirt, with scarlet set in front. A loose neck handkerchief left his fine firm throat free. I do not all remember his features, but the frank, manly expression of his fearless eyes and his courteous manner gave one a feeling of confidence in his word and in his undaunted courage.\u2019 [PAR] But most striking of all, at least to some people, were the two Navy Colts resting in a red sash around Hickok\u2019s waist, their ivory handles turned forward for the underhand or \u2018twist\u2019 draw. Some Westerners may have been fooled by the fancy dress, but most understood the promise of the twin Colts. The man was deadly in a confrontation. He moved with cat-easy grace, had lightning reflexes, and shot with great accuracy using either hand. Above all, he was absolutely cool and composed in pressure situations-fine attributes to have in 1871 Abilene, which may well have been the toughest town in the West. The famed \u2018Bear River\u2019 Tom Smith had been an exceptional marshal, but he was shot from ambush late in 1870. So Abilene went after the man with the biggest reputation of all, J.B. Hickok. [PAR] While Hickok delighted in amusing family and friends with accounts of the \u2018hundreds\u2019 of men he had gunned down, his reputation, both real and imagined, did serve him well as a lawman. He ruled Abilene from the card tables of the Alamo Saloon, telling his deputies to come and get him if he was needed. Despite the many hard cases in the boisterous cow town, few challenged him. Did Hickok deserve his reputation? Yes and no. He became famous, maybe even more famous than the president, because Eastern publishers wanted to sell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie Review - - Review/Film: Unforgiven; A Western ... Movie Review - - Review/Film: Unforgiven; A Western Without Good Guys - NYTimes.com [PAR] Review/Film: Unforgiven; A Western Without Good Guys [PAR] By VINCENT CANBY [PAR] Published: August 7, 1992 [PAR] TIME has been good to Clint Eastwood. If possible, he looks even taller, leaner and more mysteriously possessed than he did in Sergio Leone's seminal \"Fistful of Dollars\" a quarter of a century ago. The years haven't softened him. They have given him the presence of some fierce force of nature, which may be why the landscapes of the mythic, late 19th-century West become him, never more so than in his new \"Unforgiven.\" [PAR] As written by David Webb Peoples and directed by Mr. Eastwood, \"Unforgiven\" is a most entertaining western that pays homage to the great tradition of movie westerns while surreptitiously expressing a certain amount of skepticism. Mr. Eastwood has learned a lot from his mentors, including the great Don Siegel (\"Two Mules for Sister Sara\" and \"The Beguiled,\" among others), a director with no patience for sentimentality. [PAR] The time is the 1880's. The principal setting is Big Whiskey, a forlorn hamlet in that vast American no-man's land of high plains edged by mountains, somewhere between St. Louis and San Francisco but not on any map. [PAR] Late one night a couple of cowboys are on the second floor of the saloon with the girls. Suddenly one of the cowboys whips out his knife and slashes the face of Delilah, the prostitute he's with. It seems that she made a rude comment about his anatomy. Instead of arresting the cowboys, Little Bill Daggett, the sheriff, allows them to get off with the understanding that they hand over six horses to the saloon keeper. [PAR] Strawberry Alice, the victim's best friend, is outraged. \"We may be whores,\" she says, \"but we aren't horses.\" Alice, Delilah and the other girls pool their savings and offer a bounty of $1,000 to anybody who will murder the cowboys. [PAR] Thus \"Unforgiven\" becomes an epic about the revenge of whores. It's not sending up the women. Rather it's equating Old Western codes of honor with the handful of men who set out to collect the bounty, motivated in varying degrees by economic necessity, greed and half-baked notions of glory. [PAR] Chief among the bounty hunters is the aging Bill Munny (Mr. Eastwood), a widower trying to support his two young children on an unsuccessful hog farm. Munny has been keeping to himself in recent years. He's still trying to live down his notorious career as a gun-crazy outlaw, a man who used to shoot women, children -- anybody -- just for the hell of it. [PAR] There is something creepy about him now, especially about the way he keeps harping on how his wife \"saved\" him, his distaste for violence and his need to be true to his pledge never to pick up a gun again. He has something of the manner of the mild-mannered clerk who comes into the office on Monday morning and shoots everyone in sight. [PAR] When a young fellow who styles himself the Schofield Kid (Jaimz Woolvett) asks Munny to join him to win the bounty, Munny at first refuses. Then he changes his mind, apparently because he is desperately hard up, but with Munny you can't be sure. Along the way to Big Whiskey, they are joined by Ned Logan (Morgan Freeman), who rode with Munny in the outlaw days and appears to trust him. [PAR] Also en route to Big Whiskey for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crazy Horse - Studyworld Crazy_Horse [PAR] [PAR] Crazy Horse [PAR] When I think back of the stories that I have heard about how the Native American Indians were driven from their land and forced to live on the reservations one particular event comes to my mind. That event is the Battle of the Little Big Horn. It is one of the few times that the Oglala Sioux made history with them being the ones who left the battlefield as winners. When stories are told, or when the media dares to tamper with history, it is usually the American Indians who are looked upon as the bad guys. They are portrayed as savages who spent their time raiding wagon trains and scalping the white settlers just for fun. The media has lead us to believe that the American government was forced to take the land from these savage Indians. We should put the blame where it belongs, on the U.S. Government who lied, cheated, and stole from the Oglala forcing Crazy Horse, the great war chief, and many other leaders to surrender their nation in order to save the lives of their people. In the nineteenth century the most dominant nation in the western plains was the Sioux Nation. This nation was divided into seven tribes: Oglala's, Brule', Minneconjou, Hunkpapa, No Bow, Two Kettle, and the Blackfoot. Of these tribes they had different band. The Hunkpatila was one band of the Oglala's (Guttmacher 12). One of the greatest war chiefs of all times came from this band. His name was Crazy Horse. [PAR] Crazy Horse was not given this name, on his birth date in the fall of 1841. He was born of his father, Crazy Horse an Oglala holy man, and his mother a sister of a Brule' warrior, Spotted Tail. As the boy grew older his hair was wavy so his people gave him the nickname of Curly (Guttmacher 23). He was to go by Curly until the summer of 1858, after a battle with the Arapaho's. Curly's brave charged against the Arapaho's led his father to give Curly the name Crazy Horse. This was the name of his father and of many fathers before him (Guttmacher 47). [PAR] In the 1850's, the country where the Sioux Nation lived, was being invaded by the white settlers. This was upsetting for many of the tribes. They did not understand the ways of the whites. When the whites tore into the land with plows and hunted the sacred buffalo just for the hides this went against the morale and religious beliefs of the Sioux. The white government began to build forts. In 1851, Fort Laramie was built along the North Platte river in Sioux territory (Matthiessen 6). [PAR] In 1851, the settlers began complaining of the Indians who would not allow them to go where they wanted. U.S. Agents drew up a treaty that required the Indians to give safe passage to the white settlers along the Oregon Trail. In return the government promised yearly supplies of guns, ammunition, flour, sugar, coffee, tobacco, blankets, and bacon. These supplies were to be provided for fifty-five years. Ten thousand Sioux gathered at the fort to listen to the words of the white government and to be showered with gifts. In addition the treaty wanted the Indians to allow all settlers to cross their lands. They were to divide the plains into separate territories and each tribe was not to cross the border of their territory. The treaty also wanted no wars to be waged on other tribes. They wanted each Indian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny Cash - IMDb Johnny Cash - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Soundtrack | Music Department | Actor [PAR] Johnny Cash was born February 26, 1932, in Kingsland, Arkansas, to Carrie Cash (Rivers) and Raymond Cash. He made his first single, \"Hey Porter\", for Sun Records in 1955. In 1958 he moved to Columbia Records. He had long periods of drug abuse during the 1960s, but later that decade he successfully fought his addiction with the help of singer June ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 36 people [PAR] created 03 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 people [PAR] created 21 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 11 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 people [PAR] created 13 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 people [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Johnny Cash's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 5 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2016 Blue Line Station (\"Girl from the North Country\") [PAR] 2016 Gintberg p\u00e5 kanten (TV Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Australien (2016) ... (performer: \"Ring of Fire\") [PAR] 2016 Mafia III (Video Game) (performer: \"Folson Prison Blues (Live)\", \"Ring of Fire\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"Folson Prison Blues (Live)\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2016 Preacher (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] The Walking Dead (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) (writer - 1 episode, 2016) [PAR] - East (2016) ... (performer: \"It's All Over\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"It's All Over\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger Episodes 1-5 (2016) ... (\"Ring of Fire\") [PAR] The Blacklist (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes, 2014 - 2016) (writer - 1 episode, 2014) [PAR] - The Director (No. 24): Conclusion (2016) ... (performer: \"God's Gonna Cut You Down\" - uncredited) [PAR] - The Good Samaritan (No. 106) (2014) ... (performer: \"The Man Comes Around\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"The Man Comes Around\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2015 Roy Orbison: One of the Lonely Ones (TV Movie documentary) (performer: \"Oh Pretty Woman\") [PAR] Master of None (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2015) (writer - 1 episode, 2015) [PAR] - Nashville (2015) ... (performer: \"There You Go\") / (writer: \"There You Go\") [PAR] 2015 It's Only Rock 'n' Roll: Rock 'n' Roll at the BBC (TV Movie) (performer: \"Get Rhythm\") / (writer: \"Get Rhythm\") [PAR] Seriesly (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2015) (writer - 1 episode, 2015) [PAR] - Thunderball (2015) ... (performer: \"Thunderball Thunderball\") / (writer: \"Thunderball Thunderball\") [PAR] 2015 The Voice (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] - The Way In (2015) ... (performer: \"Rock Island Line\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2015 Entourage (performer: \"(Ghost) Riders In The Sky\") [PAR] 2015 Zum Teufel mit der Wahrheit (TV Movie) (performer: \"Personal Jesus\" - uncredited) [PAR] WPC 56 (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes, 2013 - 2015) (writer - 1 episode, 2015) [PAR] - Walk the Line (2015) ... (performer: \"I Walk the Line\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"I Walk the Line\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Sink or Swim (2013) ... (performer: \"Get Rhythm\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2015 Pop Gold (TV Mini-Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Hellraisers (2015) ... (performer: \"A Boy Named Sue (Live)\") [PAR] 2015 Der Metzger und der Tote im Haifischbecken (TV Movie) (performer: \"I'm Leaving Now\", \"I See a Darkness\", \"The Mercy Seat\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2015 Gotham (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - What the Little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alec Guinness | The Guardian Why do our spies keep telling us everything? | David Mitchell [PAR] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/25/mi6-spies-recruitment-justification-austerity-david-mitchell [PAR] <p>The alarming news that MI6 plans to recruit 1,000 more staff makes me hanker for the days when they just kept things to themselves</p><p>Despite being an enthusiastic consumer of spy films and novels, I\u2019ve never much fancied being an actual spy. Physical cowardice is part of the reason \u2013 I don\u2019t like the sound of all the piranha tanks, gun fights, torture by sleep deprivation or polonium-laced sushi (depending on <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jun/26/classic-spy-novels-top-10\">genre</a>) \u2013 but that\u2019s not the main deterrent. After all, popular culture makes it clear there are plenty of espionage jobs that don\u2019t involve anything more challenging than ducking under some police tape in a cashmere overcoat. That\u2019s the sort of spy I\u2019d dream of being, if I dreamed of being a spy which I\u2019m surprised to find I don\u2019t. The suit-and-tie, office-with-a-rooftop-view, \u201cHow can we stop them realising we\u2019ve realised that they\u2019ve realised we realise?\u201d kind.</p><p>Which isn\u2019t to say I don\u2019t want to be <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/may/22/le-carre-call-for-the-dead\">George Smiley</a>: I absolutely do want to be George Smiley. I just don\u2019t want to be any of the people he\u2019s based on. I\u2019d be thrilled to pretend to be a spy, with lots of people watching and applause at the end. What I\u2019m not tempted by is the long career, wrestling with terrible secrets, mind-bending complications and soul-crushing compromises, while not being able to get credit when it went well, sympathy when it went horribly or a huge pile of money if I happened to be good at it.</p><p>Maybe this time it was a belt shampoo bomb? A mace made out of plastic cutlery embedded in a Frederick Forsyth novel?</p><p> <span>Related: </span><a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/21/mi6-recruit-digital-internet-social-media\">MI6 to recruit hundreds more staff in response to digital technology</a> </p> <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/25/mi6-spies-recruitment-justification-austerity-david-mitchell\">Continue reading...</a> [PAR] MI6 [PAR] Oscar Isaac surprises audience at Letters Live event in London [PAR] https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/mar/14/oscar-isaac-surprises-audience-at-letters-live-event-in-london [PAR] <p>The actor made a guest appearance to read aloud correspondence from his Star Wars forebear Sir Alec Guinness</p><p>The actor Oscar Isaac made a surprise appearance at a Letters Live event on Sunday to read out correspondence written by his Star Wars forebear Alec Guinness, in which he called his co-star Harrison Ford a \u201clanguid young man\u201d.</p><p>Guinness, who played Obi-Wan Kenobi, wrote that he was not enjoying the production of the 1977 film, Star Wars: A New Hope \u2013 the first of the films to be made.</p> <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/mar/14/oscar-isaac-surprises-audience-at-letters-live-event-in-london\">Continue reading...</a> [PAR] Letters Live [PAR] Doctor Zhivago review \u2013 vehement storytelling still conjures great romance [PAR] https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/nov/26/doctor-zhivago-review-vehement-storytelling-still-conjures-great-romance [PAR] <p>With real contemporary relevance, this 50th anniversary rerelease reminds us it\u2019s impossible not be swept along by David Lean\u2019s epic film</p><p>David Lean\u2019s epic and yet daintily detailed movie version of Boris Pasternak\u2019s forbidden novel, adapted by Robert Bolt, is now on rerelease for the 50th anniversary. Zhivago conjures grand romance and a gigantic, almost panoptic vision of the Russian landscape; Lean and Bolt pay tribute to a Tolstoyan ambition in Pasternak\u2019s samizdat novel, and also to a real contemporary relevance: the story of a suppressed writer.</p><p> <span>Related: </span><a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/nov/13/in-praise-of-brief-encounter-doctor-zhivago\">Loved but not lost: David Lean\u2019s Brief Encounter and Dr Zhivago</a> </p> <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/nov/26/doctor-zhivago-review-vehement-storytelling-still-conjures-great-romance\">Continue reading...</a> [PAR] Drama [PAR] The Ladykillers review \u2013 the greatest comedy caper [PAR] https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/25/ladykillers-classic-dvd-review-philip-french [PAR] <p>(Alexander Mackendrick, 1955; StudioCanal, U, DVD/Blu-ray)</p><p>Ealing Studio\u2019s two greatest directors, <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/oct/19/robert-hamer-ealing-studios\">Robert Hamer</a> and <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/nov/20/highereducation.film1\">Alexander Mackendrick</a>, both made near flawless black comedies on the state of the nation starring <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/aug/08/guardianobituaries.tomsutcliffe\">Alec Guinness</a> and involving multiple murders, and there is little to choose between the former\u2019s <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yidAvsBhD7U\"><em>Kind Hearts and Coronets</em></a> and the latter\u2019s <em>The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boat race: Oxford v Cambridge \u2013 as it happened | Niall ... Boat race: Oxford v Cambridge \u2013 as it happened | Niall McVeigh | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] The Boat Race [PAR] Boat race: Oxford v Cambridge \u2013 as it happened [PAR] Oxford raced away to win the 2014 race by 11 lengths, the biggest margin of victory since 1973, following a Cambridge error early in the race which gave the Dark Blues a decisive advantage [PAR] Oxford compete during the Boat Race. Photograph: Andrew Matthews/PA [PAR] Sunday 6 April 2014 13.30 EDT [PAR] First published on Sunday 6 April 2014 12.00 EDT [PAR] 6.25pm BST [PAR] 11 lengths [PAR] That was the distance between the crews - the biggest winning margin since 1973. In rowing terms, this was a pretty hefty drubbing. Credit to Cambridge though, who kept fighting when the race was clearly lost. [PAR] It's emerged also that Luke Juckett had his rigger damaged in an early incident, making him unable to row effectively. That may explain the enormous gap between the two boats by the time they reached Mortlake. [PAR] Cambridge were close to their opponents at that point, and claimed that there was a collision - replays suggest that Juckett may have simply 'caught a crab' - losing control of his oar as the waters were stirred around him. [PAR] Oxford were imperious, however, and Cambridge paid the price for a perhaps unavoidably aggressive start. It's unlikely the pre-race favourites would have been stopped. Thanks for reading. Goodbye. [PAR] Updated [PAR] at 6.39pm BST [PAR] 6.20pm BST [PAR] As Cambridge trailed over the finish line, Ian Middleton raises an arm to formally lodge an appeal. Umpire Richard Phelps has a word with the young cox under Chiswick Bridge, and puts him pretty firmly in his place. \"You were in their water, they weren't in your water\" is roughly the gist. The result is declared, and Middleton drifts off, slightly chastened. [PAR] 6.18pm BST [PAR] OXFORD WIN THE 2014 BOAT RACE! [PAR] That was never in doubt, following the clash of oars close to Craven Cottage. Well done to the Dark Blues, who were clearly superior and defend their win last year. Their time: 18.36. Not lightning fast, but more than quick enough. [PAR] Updated [PAR] Oxford pass the Stag Brewery, now almost ten lengths clear... [PAR] 6.16pm BST [PAR] Around a twenty second gap as the two crews pass under Barnes Bridge. The Cambridge crew are visibly weary, but they are at least still fighting for pride. The boats are now passing an area of Mortlake where, sporting a hangover and on a day when the waterwas high, I once accidentally walked into the Thames. [PAR] 6.13pm BST [PAR] Oxford go past the bandstand, still with an almighty lead. They move over to the Middlesex bank in search of deep, fast water. To be honest, they could probably swim home from here. [PAR] 6.12pm BST [PAR] Potential controversy ahoy [PAR] It now appears there was a slight clash of oars - it's being replayed extensively, as the race is all but over. Cambridge may have grounds for complaint, and it's likely they will appeal. That said, Cambridge had received a ticking off from the umpire, so it seems unlikely the incident can be pinned on Oxford alone. [PAR] 6.11pm BST [PAR] Here's an impossibly exotic e-mail from Nick Coghlan: [PAR] Following from Juba, South Sudan, on the Nile; it is curfew time here but we are keenly supporting the Dark Blues. [PAR] Looks like you might be in luck, Nick. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital of Jamaica Capital of Jamaica [PAR] Capital of Jamaica [PAR] The capital of Jamaica is Kingston. If you look at the map of Jamaica , you will discover that the parish of Kingston is actually very small. Indeed it is the smallest parish in Jamaica and popularly referred to as \"downtown\". [PAR] So small is it that the parish to the north, east, and west, St. Andrew is often loosely referred to as the capital as well. Many Jamaicans who say they live in Kingston actually live in St. Andrew. It is this combination of Kingston and St. Andrew (even the local government bodies are merged) that results in Kingston being regarded as the largest city in Jamaica. When one refers to the corporate area, it is to Kingston and St. Andrew. [PAR] The pictures of Jamaica you see below, are the works of well known photographer Jeremy Francis , one of Paul's two photo shoot partners (the other being Franz Marzouca ) for the photos he has offered featuring Kingston and St. Andrew landmarks. [PAR] You will recall from your visit to Port Royal that Kingston was born after Port Royal was destroyed by earthquake. Kingston grew rapidly in importance and later became the capital of Jamaica. Now Port Royal is a part of the city of Kingston and its Plumbpoint Lighthouse guides ships into our famous Kingston harbour. [PAR] The centre of Kingston is a hub of activity. There is the centre of legal enterprise, with the Supreme Court dominating King Street, the terminus for the buses that come into the city from all over the island, St. William Grant Park and Ward Theatre making up the area known as Parade. [PAR] Click on Pictures to Enlarge [PAR] Built in 1912 after the 1907 eathquake which stole the lives of thousands of Kingstonians and demolished buildings, the Ward Theatre was a gift from Colonel C. J. Ward. [PAR] Further north or uptown is New Kingston, the nerve centre of business and entertainment in the corporate area. At night the clubs in New Kingston are the places to party. [PAR] Another well known national monument is Devon House. A haven to visitors and locals alike, Devon House is reputed to have been owned by Jamaica's first black millionaire, George Stiebel. There you can enjoy a beautifully resotred mansion, gourmet meals, Jamaican arts and crafts and our famous Devon House Ice (S)cream. [PAR] The capital of St. Andrew is Half Way Tree, the shopping hub of the corporate area. A variety of malls and stores abound along this busy thoroughfare famous for its clock tower which replaced an old cotton tree. [PAR] The tree, the source for this place name, according to the National Library of Jamaica , was halfway between the English soldiers' camp in Greenwich, St. Andrew and their fort in Spanish Town. [PAR] The Athlete stands tall in front of the National Stadium, St. Andrew, stomping ground of Jamaica's champion track stars. [PAR] Inspired by the performance of our quartet in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the Helsinki Olympics in 1952, sculptor Alvin Marriott created this masterpiece. Not far away another of his works, the bronze scuplture of our beloved legend, Bob Marley, takes centre stage. Time magazine designated his One Love as song of the century. [PAR] We leave you with a well known landmark in another capital city. Thirteen miles out of Kingston the current capital of Jamaica is Spanish Town formerly St. Jago de la Vega the old capital of Jamaica. It bears many reminders of our Spanish and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New York Boroughs- Tour America Blog New York Boroughs- Tour America Blog [PAR] Read More [PAR] NEW YORK BOROUGHS [PAR] New York City is like no other city in the world! It is made up of five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx and Staten Island. Each borough has unique attractions to offer to all tourists. We have made a list of must do\u2019s in each distinctive borough. [PAR] MANHATTAN [PAR] The iconic images of yellow taxis and flashing lights in New York come from the streets of Manhattan. Manhattan may be the smallest borough, but that certainly doesn\u2019t mean it has the least things to do! The Upper East Side has museums galore, Central Park Zoo and luxury dining. Find culture and charm in the Upper West Side with small local shops and historic architecture. Harlem is the home of soul food and jazz clubs in New York, while Lower Manhattan is home to the financial district and of course the 9/11 memorial and museum. From cobblestone streets in the West Village to Times Square in Midtown with it\u2019s Broadway shows, there is so much to see! [PAR] BROOKLYN [PAR] Visit this diverse, exciting borough for parks, food, roller coasters and scenic views! You can get there on the subway which takes 5 minutes from Midtown Manhattan or if why not walk downtown and take a stroll over the brooklyn bridge to get there. Wander through Prospect Park and maybe catch a free concert while you\u2019re there. Go to Brooklyn Heights for the scenic tree lined streets and the view of the Manhattan Skyline. Park Slope is the place for family friendly cafes, vintage bookstores and record stores. Gorilla Coffee is an escape from the chain coffee stores you find on every corner, serving organic fair-trade coffee roasted in Brooklyn.Finally, head to Coney Island for cultural attractions and the world famous Cyclone Roller Coaster. [PAR] QUEENS [PAR] If you want a break from the busy Manhattan, then Queens is the perfect place to visit. See brilliant conceptual art, taste food from around the world, and see baseball games and tennis matches. Queens is the place to go for cuisine from around the globe. Find Mexican in Corona, Indian and East Asian in Jackson Heights and Flushing, Greek in Astoria and, if you\u2019re feeling homesick, Irish in Woodside. Or if you just want a drink, we recommend you take a trip to the Bohemian Hall and Beer Garden in Astoria. MoMA PS1 is the oldest and largest non profit Art Institution in the USA. Visit here to see contemporary, unique and experimental art exhibitions. For sport fans, there are two must see locations! The USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Centre and the New York Mets at Citi Field are both located in Queens. [PAR] THE BRONX [PAR] Famous for being the birthplace of hip hop, the greenest of all the boroughs and home to the the largest metropolitan wildlife sanctuary in the United States, The Bronx is a great place for tourists. First stop at The Bronx should be the world famous Yankee Stadium. Maybe enjoy an Italian meal after on Arthur Avenue, The Bronx\u2019s Little Italy. Bronx Zoo is for people of all ages! See penguin and sea lion feedings, ride a camel and hop on the wild asia monorail for a wild experience. There are walking tours, such as SusanSez NYC Walkabout, and bus tours, such as The Real Bronx Tours, for those who want to see The Bronx like a local! [PAR] STATEN ISLAND [PAR] The Staten Island Ferry is used by many tourists"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anne, Princess Royal - YouTube Anne, Princess Royal - YouTube [PAR] Anne, Princess Royal [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 25, 2014 [PAR] Anne, Princess Royal KG KT GCVO GCStJ QSO GCL (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950) is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of her birth, she was third in the line of succession, behind her mother and elder brother. She rose to second after her mother's accession, but after the birth of two younger brothers, six nieces and nephews, and one grand-nephew, she is currently 11th in line. [PAR] The seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, Anne is known for her charitable work, being the patron of over 200 organisations, and she carries out about 500 royal engagements and public appearances per year. She is also known for equestrian talents; she won two silver medals (1975) and one gold medal (1971) at the European Eventing Championships, and was the first member of the British Royal Family to have competed in the Olympic Games. She is married to Timothy Laurence, has two children from her previous marriage to Mark Phillips, and has three granddaughters. [PAR] This video is targeted to blind users. [PAR] Attribution: [PAR] Article text available under CC-BY-SA [PAR] Creative Commons image source in video [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Is a Baker's Dozen 13? | Mental Floss Why Is a Baker's Dozen 13? | Mental Floss [PAR] Why Is a Baker's Dozen 13? [PAR] filed under: Big Questions , Origins , Food [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] The next time you get the gift of an extra doughnut added to your dozen, thank crooked 13th-century bakers for the bonus treat. In the 1260s, British breadmakers were notorious for shorting customers with skimpy loaves. King Henry III was so irked by the problem that he implemented a new law to standardize the weight of a loaf\u2014selling puny loaves could result in beatings or jail time. Since bakers wanted to stay on the right side of the law, one common trick was to give 13 loaves to any customer buying a dozen. Even if the loaves were light, the extra would cover the shortfall. It was an easy fix for bakers, and since low-carb diets were still seven centuries away, customers rejoiced.[DOC] [TLE] How Many Donuts Are in a Baker \u2019s Dozen? | Wonderopolis How Many Donuts Are in a Baker\u2019s Dozen? | Wonderopolis [PAR] Wonder of the Day #1473 [PAR] How Many Donuts Are in a Baker\u2019s Dozen? [PAR] How many donuts are in a baker's dozen? [PAR] What is the origin of the phrase \"baker's dozen\"? [PAR] How were ancient bakers punished for cheating customers? [PAR] Tags: [PAR] Listen [PAR] Do you love donuts ? Who doesn't, right? From long johns and crullers to traditional glazed and even donut holes, donuts are a breakfast treat that millions of people enjoy every day. [PAR] If you've ever been to a bakery , you know it can be hard to choose just one donut . As you gaze around at the selection of donuts, you might feel the urge to try them all. Maybe that's why people often buy donuts by the dozen . [PAR] If you've ever bought a dozen donuts, you probably had a lot of fun choosing the donuts that you took home in that big rectangular box . If you kept track of the donuts on your fingers, you had to start over when you ran out of 10 fingers, because a dozen equals 12 delicious donuts. [PAR] At many bakeries, though, the fun doesn't end with 12 donuts. Instead, a lot of bakeries will give you an extra donut to create what's known as a \"baker's dozen .\" That's 13 amazing donuts for the price of 12. What a deal ! [PAR] A baker's dozen isn't limited to just donuts, though. Over time, the term baker's dozen has become synonymous with the number 13 . You could get a baker's dozen loaves of bread , or you could cut a pizza into a baker's dozen slices if you need to feed 13 people. [PAR] So exactly how did 13 become a baker's dozen ? No one knows for sure, but there are a few theories out there. For example, some people believe that bakers used to bake loaves of bread on trays that held 13 loaves in rows of four, five, and four. Of course, that theory doesn't explain why bakers would then sell loaves in quantities of 13 instead of 12. [PAR] Others believe that the term came from the practice of selling 13 loaves to vendors for the price of 12. This would allow vendors to sell 13 loaves at full price, thereby earning a profit on each loaf. While this theory may have some merit , there's no hard historical data to back it up either. [PAR] The most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RAF - Bomber Command No.617 Squadron RAF - Bomber Command No.617 Squadron [PAR] Bomber Command No.617 Squadron [PAR] No. 617 Squadron [PAR] Motto: \"Apr\u00e9s moi, le deluge\" (\"After me, the flood\"). [PAR] Badge: On a roundel, a wall in fesse, fracted by three flashes of lightning in pile and issuant from the breach, water proper. [PAR] Authority: King George VI, March 1944. [PAR] The squadron was formed on 21st March 1943, at Scampton, near Lincoln, under the command of Wing Commander Guy Gibson, who had distinguished himself as an outstanding bomber and night-fighter pilot during the early war years. He was granted the unprecedented privilege of selecting crews from other squadrons of Bomber Command to fly Lancasters on a special, highly-secret operation. Gibson himself was not told for some weeks that the task was no less than the breaching of the M\u00f6hne, Eder and Sorpe dams, which stored more than 300 million tons of water vitally important to German industry. [PAR] For the dams raid-known as Operation Chastise-No. 617 put up 19 Lancasters, each modified to carry a special mine designed expressly for the purpose by Dr. Barnes Wallis of Vickers-Armstrong. To breach the dams the mines had to be released from precisely 60 feet, at a speed of exactly 220 m.p.h. (or, in the case of the Sorpe Dam, from the lowest practicable height and at 180 m.p.h.). The first Lancaster took off from Scampton shortly before 9.30 p.m. on 16th May 1943, and Wing Commander Gibson's aircraft, the first to attack the M\u00f6hne Dam, released its mine at 28 minutes past midnight. Half an hour later, just after the fifth Lancaster had attacked, Gibson radioed back to England the prearranged code-word Nigger, indicating that the dam had been breached. (Nigger was the name of Gibson's black Labrador dog, beloved of all the squadron, who was killed by a car the day before the raid and buried at Scampton.) [PAR] The remaining aircraft of the M\u00f6hne formation then flew on to the Eder Dam. The first two mines failed to breach the dam, but shortly before 2am, when the third Lancaster had attacked, Gibson signalled the code-word Dinghy, indicating success with the second part of the operation. Other aircraft attacked the Sorpe and Schwelme Dams but did not succeed in breaching them. [PAR] Of the 19 Lancasters which took off for the dams raid with their 133 men, eight did not return. Five crashed or were shot down en route to their targets. Two were destroyed while delivering their attacks and another shot down on the way home. Two more were so badly damaged that they had to abandon their missions. For his gallantry in this raid, Wing Commander Gibson-who afterwards wrote a vivid account of the whole operation in his book Enemy Coast Ahead-received the Victoria Cross and 32 other members of the squadron were also decorated. (In August 1943, Gibson relinquished command of the squadron and visited America with Winston Churchill. Gibson failed to return from an attack on Rheydt, Germany, on 19/20th September 1944, when he was flying as master bomber-in a Mosquito of No. 627 Squadron-to direct the bombing of a force of Lancasters.) [PAR] In one operation No. 617 Squadron-known from this time onwards as the \"Dam Busters\" had become famous and the decision was made to keep it in existence as a precision-bombing unit. It was re-equipped with Lancasters of the standard type (B.I and IIIs) and returned to operations on 15/16th July 1943, with a raid on two power stations in Northern Italy. All the aircraft landed at Blida in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ContiSoccerWorld -World Cup Episode 1998 The \u201cGolden Goal ... ContiSoccerWorld -World Cup Episode 1998<br>The \u201cGolden Goal\u201d makes its FIFA World Cup debut [PAR] World Cup Episode 1998 [PAR] The \u201cGolden Goal\u201d makes its FIFA World Cup debut [PAR] Anthony Carbone is not a name that stands out among the ranks of famous international football players, but nevertheless he holds a special position in the history of the world\u2019s most popular sport. For it was Australian Carbone who scored the first ever \u201cGolden Goal\u201d. [PAR] It was in the quarter-finals of the FIFA U20 Junior World Cup on March 13, 1993, when he scored the winning goal to help Australia beat Uruguay 2-1. It happened in the 99th minute of their encounter in Brisbane, with Carbone leading the hosting Australians into the semi-finals. The match was over immediately the goal was scored, but the result is still listed as going to full extra time in the official match report of the International Football Association, FIFA ( click here for the official match report ). [PAR] Members of the ruling FIFA Board initiated the \u201cGolden Goal\u201d system after numerous proposals from experts had been put before them. The FIFA World Cup for 20-year-olds in Australia became the guinea pig competition. The match between Australia and Uruguay was the only tournament match settled by a Golden Goal. The \u201cGolden Goal\u201d regulation stipulated that a match in extra time ended the moment the first goal hit the back of the net. The team that had scored were the winners. With this immediate ending, opponents had no opportunity to equalise. [PAR] The \u201cGolden Goal\u201d in football was seen as a twin to \u201cSudden Death\u201d in ice hockey, but only lasted a relatively short time. \u201cSudden Death\u201d, with its meaning of immediacy coming with a decisive goal beyond the 90 minutes, was given a more heartening name in football. [PAR] Like Emmanuel Petit (left) against Pedro Sarabia, France had a difficult time against outsiders Paraguay in Lens. Blanc scored the winning goal in the 113th minute. (Photo: Perenyi/Augenklick) [PAR] The \u201cGolden Goal\u201d made its FIFA debut in senior football at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. On their road to the title, France defeated Paraguay in the second round with a \u201cGolden Goal\u201d from Laurent Blanc (113th minute). Altogether four such \u201cGolden Goals\u201d have been registered at FIFA World Cup finals. After the premiere in 1998, three matches were decided in this way at the 2002 FIFA World Cup: Senegal defeated Sweden 2-1 (Henri Camara 104th), and South Korea beat Italy 2-1 (Jung Hwan Ahn 117th) in the second round; Turkey beat Senegal 1-0 (Lihan Manzis 94th) in the quarter-finals with what became the last \u201cGolden Goal\u201d in FIFA World Cup history. [PAR] Laurent Blanc scored the first Golden Goal in a FIFA World Cup. The French captain made it 1-0 against Paraguay in the second round of the 1998 finals. (Foto: Kunz/Augenklick) [PAR] In all FIFA competitions, this rule was applied 33 times in official international matches till 2002. Germany\u2019s women\u2019s team won the FIFA World Cup title in 2003 with a header from Nea Kuenzer, giving them a 2-1 (101st) victory over Sweden in the final in Los Angeles. [PAR] The most spectacular \u201cGolden Goals\u201d in the men\u2019s events were scored at UEFA European Championships. Twice the title was decided this way. In 1996, Germany won with the first ever such goal in senior men\u2019s events, for a 2-1 win over the Czech Republic at Wembley. Scorer Oliver Bierhoff (95th) became world famous as a result (link to Bierhoff/German stars). Four"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Riga The Capital Of Latvia | E.A.T. Riga Tours Riga The Capital Of Latvia | E.A.T. Riga Tours [PAR] Guide [PAR] Riga The Capital Of Latvia [PAR] Riga is the Capital of Latvia, rich in architecture, culture and a plentiful array of attractions, Riga is by far one of the most amazing capital cities in Europe and well worth visiting. This can be seen in the increase in visitors to Riga year on year since entering the EU. [PAR] The capital city is home to around 700,000 inhabitants making it a very pleasant sized city to spend time in. Riga was created around 800 years ago, so it is a fairly new city but that in no way reduces the huge amount of history one will find. Riga is a charming place to begin your trip to Latvia, with all of the things you would expect from a modern capital city, great food, live music, performances, the opera, theatrical events, great art nouveau architecture, wild nightlife, shopping and a rich history. It has a huge amount of museums that will help you to get to know some of the local culture and history, we highly recommend the occupation museum and the war musuem. [PAR] Many visitors to Latvia will get stuck in the capital city but there is much more beyond the beauty of Riga. Even if your stay in Latvia is short you could quite well take the opportunity to make a day trip out to some of the more undiscovered areas of this beautiful land known as a Latvia. [PAR] Latvia as a country destinantion is often overlooked with many people simply staying in the capital Riga but it has much on offer outside of the metropolitan, bustling city. Latvia is the home of many beautiful landscapes, vast forests, fantastic beaches, out door activities and an intriguing culture that makes it the perfect place to have a holiday and not just a weekend visit to its capital. It would be a crime for us not to encourage people to leave the city! [PAR] Latvia\u2019s rich natural beauty is one of the finest in all of Europe and many out door activities such as horse riding, camping, bungee jumping, canoeing, fishing, hunting, sailing, cycling, treking are often overlooked by visitors. If you are an outdoors person then really take the time to look in to some of the outdoor options that are on offer. Feel free to get in touch or look at our outdoor activties in Latvia. Any special requests regarding outdoor activities we may be able to find a solution for you, after all, we love the wild ourselves and will be more than happy to share our knowledge! [PAR] We recommended the following destinations when you wish to escape the capital. [PAR] Jurmala"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Prime Ministers - 1859-1892 - GlobalSecurity.org British Prime Ministers - 1859-1892 [PAR] British Prime Ministers - 1859-1892 [PAR] Conservative [PAR] The period 1847 to 1859 was one of ministerial instability. Disputes between the Liberals, under Lord John Russell and Vicomte Palmerston, the foreign minister, undermined the Liberal position, and in 1852 the Conservatives, under the leadership of Derby, returned to power. In 1853, however, the free trade Conservatives joined the Liberals, overthrew Derby, and placed in office a coalition ministry under Aberdeen. This government maintained itself until 1855, when, by reason of discontent aroused by his management of England's part in the Crimean War, Aberdeen resigned and was succeeded by Palmerston, at the head of another Liberal ministry. Foreign difficulties drove Palmerston from office early in 1858, and the establishment of a second Derby ministry marked a brief return of the Conservatives to control. [PAR] Vicomte Palmerston, Liberal Prime Minister from 1855-1858 and 1859-1865, did not become PM until he was 71, making him the oldest prime minister in history to take up the office for the first time. His premiership was dominated by foreign events, making him a truly global statesman. A vivacious aristocrat well known in society circles, Palmerston was first elected at the age of 26. Over the next four-and-a-half decades, he built up an impressive long record of ministerial service. He served first under Tory prime ministers as Junior Lord of the Admiralty and then, for two decades, as Secretary for War. During that period, Palmerston was chiefly known as a man of fashion, a junior minister without influence on the general policy of the cabinets he served. Around 1830, Palmerston defected from the Tories to the Whigs because of his support for Catholic emancipation and parliamentary reform. Earl Grey made him Foreign Secretary, a position in which he excelled, although he was headstrong and independent rather than instinctively diplomatic. Highly patriotic, Palmerston did not shirk from threatening the use of force in the national interest. [PAR] Palmerston became prime minister himself in 1855 when Lord Aberdeen was blamed for the disasters of the Crimean War. Palmerston successfully ended the war, and served as the Prime Minister for eight years despite his old age. In his first term, 1855-58, Palmerston had a chance to put his foreign experience into practice. He responded successfully to the Indian mutiny of 1857, supporting a lenient approach in the face of British calls for hard treatment. In February 1858 he introduced the Government of India Bill to transfer the administration of India from the East India Company to the Crown. Palmerston was out of office for a year and a half. During that time he helped to form the Liberal Party in 1859. He returned to government as PM a few days later. [PAR] The Liberal Party was the successor of the old Whig party, representing the political party opposed to Toryism or Conservatism, and claiming to be the originators and champions of political reform and progressive legislation. The term came into general use definitely as the name of one of the two great parties in the state when Mr Gladstone became its leader, but before this it had already become current coin, as a political appellation, through a natural association with the use of such phrases as \"liberal ideas,\" in the sense of \"favourable to change,\" or \"in support of political freedom and democracy.\" Its old watchword, \"Peace, retrenchment and reform,\" indicated its tendency to avoidance of a \"spirited\" foreign policy, and to parsimony in expenditure. [PAR] A defensive naval policy was central to the conditions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beyonce, Spielberg, and Sting: 33 Interesting People Who ... Beyonce, Spielberg, and Sting: 33 Interesting People Who Wrote Big Checks to Hillary Clinton - ABC News [PAR] ABC News [PAR] Beyonce, Spielberg, and Sting: 33 Interesting People Who Wrote Big Checks to Hillary Clinton [PAR] By Liz Kreutz [PAR] Jul 16, 2015, 2:41 PM ET [PAR] 0 Shares [PAR] Star [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Ben Affleck introduces Hillary Clinton during the annual Clinton Global Initiative award ceremony on Sept. 25, 2013 in New York. [PAR] 0 Shares [PAR] Email [PAR] Hillary Clinton \u2019s presidential campaign may be lagging when it comes to small dollar donations, but she has had no problem collecting cash from big-name celebrities, tech tycoons and business execs. [PAR] According to a New York Times\u2019 review of her most recent campaign fundraising report, only one-fifth of those who contributed to her $47.5 million fundraising haul between April 1 and the end of June gave $200 or less. But the list of prominent backers who cut her hefty checks is long and includes names like director Stephen Spielberg, Univision owner Haim Saban and Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg -- all of whom have already thrown their support behind the Democratic presidential candidate and opened their wallet too. [PAR] Hillary Clinton to Donald Trump: 'Basta! Enough!' [PAR] Here is a list of some of the most interesting and high-profile donors who have contributed to Clinton's campaign: [PAR] Anthony Weiner: The former New York congressman who was involved in two sex scandals and is married to top Clinton aide, Huma Abedin, contributed $550 worth of office supplies and furniture to the campaign. [PAR] Beyonce Knowles: Queen B attended a fundraiser for Clinton in May and donated $2,700. [PAR] Jason LaVeris/Getty Images [PAR] Beyonce poses in the press room at the 57th GRAMMY Awards at Staples Center, Feb. 8, 2015, in Los Angeles. [PAR] Steven Spielberg: The uber famous director and producer donated $2,700. [PAR] Sting : Under his real name, Gordon Sumner, the rocker better known as \u201cSting\u201d donated $1,350. [PAR] Leonardo di Caprio: The 40-year-old \u201cWolf of Wall Street\u201d star wrote a $2,700 check. [PAR] Kenneth Cole: Fashion designer Kenneth Cole, and his wife Maria Cuomo Cole (sister of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo ), hosted a fundraiser for Clinton in early July. [PAR] Glenn Close : The \"Fatal Attraction\" actress donated $2,700 to Clinton\u2019s campaign and attended a fundraiser for her last month. [PAR] Anna Wintour: Vogue\u2019s editor-in-chief, a longtime Clinton supporter, contributed $2,700. [PAR] Haim Saban: Known as Clinton\u2019s mega-donor, the billionaire and owner of Univision hosted a fundraiser for Clinton at his Beverly Hills home in May. [PAR] Bob Riha Jr/Getty Images [PAR] Hillary Rodham Clinton is seen in this file photo with Cheryl and Haim Saban, June 29, 2003, at the Saban Research Institute in Hollywood, Calif. [PAR] Barbra Streisand: Babs chipped in $2,700. [PAR] Trudy Busch Valentine: The daughter of brewing magnate, August Busch Jr, hosted a fundraiser for Clinton at the Busch Family Estate\u2019s historic Grant\u2019s Farms in Missouri in late June. [PAR] Tobey Maguire : In addition to a $2,700 donation, the 40-year-old actor and his wife, Jen Meyer, hosted a fundraiser for Clinton at their Los Angeles home in June. [PAR] Gary Hirshberg: The chairman of Stonyfield Farm, the organic yogurt producer, hosted a fundraiser for Clinton at their home in New Hampshire in early July. [PAR] Stonyfield Organic [PAR] Stonyfield Organic's low fat strawberry yogurt is seen in this undated file photo. [PAR] Tony Bennett: The jazz legend donated to Clinton\u2019s campaign and attended a fundraiser for her in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] KryssTal : Football (FA Cup) KryssTal : Football (FA Cup) [PAR] FA Cup founded as knockout tournament for amateur clubs [PAR] 1883 [PAR] First FA Cup win by professional club (Blackburn Olympic) [PAR] 1884 [PAR] First club from outside England to reach the final (Queen's Park) [PAR] 1889 [PAR] League began - First FA Cup / League double (Preston North End) [PAR] 1897 [PAR] Second FA Cup / League double (Aston Villa) [PAR] 1901 [PAR] Only FA Cup win by non-league club since League began (Tottenham Hotspur) [PAR] 1923 [PAR] FA Cup final moved to Wembley [PAR] 1927 [PAR] Only FA Cup win by a club from outside England (Cardiff City) [PAR] 1946 [PAR] Two-legged ties for one season after the end of World War 2 [PAR] 1961 [PAR] Third FA Cup / League double (Tottenham Hotspur) [PAR] 1971 [PAR] Fourth FA Cup / League double (Arsenal) [PAR] 1986 [PAR] Fifth FA Cup / League double (Liverpool) [PAR] 1993 [PAR] First FA Cup / League Cup double (Arsenal) [PAR] 1994 [PAR] Sixth FA Cup / League double (Manchester United) [PAR] 1996 [PAR] 7th FA Cup / League double (Manchester United) [PAR] 1998 [PAR] 8th FA Cup / League double (Arsenal) [PAR] 1999 [PAR] Unique FA Cup / League / European Cup treble (Manchester United) [PAR] 2001 [PAR] FA Cup final moved to Cardiff while Wembley rebuilt [PAR] Unique treble of FA Cup / League Cup / UEFA Cup [PAR] (and Second FA Cup / League Cup double) (Liverpool) [PAR] 2002 [PAR] 10th FA Cup / League double (Arsenal) [PAR] 2005 [PAR] First FA Cup final decided on penalties (Arsenal) [PAR] 2006 [PAR] Second consecutive FA Cup final decided on penalties (Liverpool) [PAR] 2007 [PAR] FA Cup final returned to Wembley [PAR] The third FA Cup / League Cup double (Chelsea)[DOC] [TLE] FA Cup Final 2002 - Arsenal v Chelsea - YouTube FA Cup Final 2002 - Arsenal v Chelsea - YouTube [PAR] FA Cup Final 2002 - Arsenal v Chelsea [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 16, 2009 [PAR] Arsenal vs Chelsea 2-0"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Literal Translation of Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus Literal Translation of Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus [PAR] Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus: Literal Translation of Common Latin Phrases [PAR] written by: John Garger \u2022 edited by: Rebecca Scudder \u2022 updated: 9/13/2013 [PAR] Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus are two of the most common Latin phrases in English. Learn the literal translations and meanings of the Latin phrases Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus. [PAR] slide 1 of 4 [PAR] There is no doubt that Latin carries with it a certain air of sophistication, education, and class. Ironically, this air is due to the use of the Latin language long after it was considered a dead language, i.e. one that was no longer spoken as a primary language of a people. [PAR] The roots of Latin\u2019s association with education and science began in the mid-second millennium, when knowledge started to proliferate to the masses through printed material and literacy was on the rise. About this time, the modern university was born, which eventually eliminated the mentorship model of education. Latin, the primary language of the church and all things academic, naturally became associated with education and science throughout Europe. Today, Latin survives as a throwback to this tradition in the many phrases and mottoes used by universities and institutions. Many Latin phrases are also used in everyday language. [PAR] slide 2 of 4 [PAR] Carpe Diem [PAR] This popular Latin phrase has been popularized in books, movies, and other media, but the original source of this phrase is ancient; It is from Horace\u2019s (65-8 BC) Odes, a collection of his poems. The original line reads: [PAR] Carpe diem quam minimum credula postero. (seize the day and place no trust in tomorrow.) [PAR] From a student\u2019s perspective, \u201cCarpe diem\" is a simple construction consisting of a verb in the imperative mood and a noun in the accusative case . \u201cCarpe\" is from the third conjugation verb \u201ccarpo\" (carpere, carpsi, carptum) meaning to \u201cpluck\" or \u201cdivide.\" However, Horace\u2019s use of the word, given the complete sentence above, was metaphorically intended to imply enjoyment or fulfillment. Hence, the word is often translated as \u201cseize\" to avoid confusion had a literal translation been used instead. Certainly \u201cpluck the day\" makes no literal sense in English. [PAR] Recall that third conjugation verbs form the present imperative simply by taking the present stem of the verb. In this case, the stem of the verb \u201ccarpo\" is \u201ccarpe.\" To pluralize this phrase, recall that the plural imperative is formed by dropping the \u2013e and adding \u2013ite. In this case, we would have \u201ccarpite.\" (As a technical note, it is not that the \u2013e is dropped as it is that the \u2013e changes to an \u2013i\u2013 with the addition of the \u2013te to indicate that the command is intended for two or more people). [PAR] \u201cDiem\" is simply the accusative singular of \u201cdies\" meaning \u201cday.\" It is in the accusative case because it is acting as a direct object of the action of the sentence; it is indicating what the listener or reader should seize. Recall that since the imperative mood indicates a command, it is always considered to be in the second person. There are no first or third person imperative mood forms because commands are given directly to the listener or reader. What \u201ccarpe diem\" is really saying is: [PAR] Hey, you (singular)! Seize the day! [PAR] As a side note, the word \u201ccarpo\" meaning to pluck or divide is the derivative of the word \u201ccarpal\" in \u201ccarpal tunnel.\" The carpal tunnel is a passageway through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Area of New York City - Hypertextbook Area of New York City - The Physics Factbook [PAR] Area of New York City [PAR] Standardized [PAR] Result [PAR] \"New York City.\" The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2001. Mahwah, NY: World Almanac Education Group, 2001. [PAR] \"Area: 308.9 sq. mi.\" [PAR] 800 km2 [PAR] \"Area: City-368 sq. mi.(953 km2). Metropolitan area (excluding inland water)-1,148 sq. mi. (2,973 km2). Consolidated metropolitan area (excluding inland water)-10,457 sq. mi. (27,084 km2)\" [PAR] 953 km2 [PAR] \"New York City.\" World Book Encyclopedia.New York: World Book, Inc., 1964. [PAR] \"New York City is made up of five boroughs: Manhattan, The Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Richmond. They lie at the mouth of the Hudson River in the southeastern corner of the state of New York. Together they cover an area of about 319 square miles.\" [PAR] 826 km2 [PAR] NYC Dept. of City Planning-Land Use Facts . New York City Department of City Planning, 27 May 2002. [PAR] \"New York City's land area covers 321 square miles, over 205,000 acres. Excluding streets and major bodies of water, almost 6.9 billion square feet of land (over 150,000 acres) are available for use.\" [PAR] 645 km2 [PAR] County Quickfacts from the US Census Bureau . US Census Bureau, 27 May 2002. [PAR] \"Kings: 71 sq. miles [PAR] New York: 23 sq. miles [PAR] Queens:109 sq. miles [PAR] Richmond 58 sq. miles\" [PAR] 785 km2 [PAR] New York City is the largest city in the United States with a population exceeding seven million people. It is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world. New York City is located on the eastern coast of the United States, at the mouth of the Hudson River. New York City is made up of five boroughs, separated by various waterways. Brooklyn and Queens occupy the western portion of Long Island, Staten Island and Manhattan are islands, and the Bronx is attached to mainland New York State. [PAR] In 1624, the Dutch West India Company sent the first settlers to Manhattan. The island was bought from Native Americans for approximately $24. In 1647, under the government of Peter Stuyvesant, the city began to prosper. The city was named New Amsterdam. England gained control and renamed it New York. By 1989, New York City incorporated all five boroughs. [PAR] For decades New York City was the first place immigrants stepped foot on US soil at Ellis Island. The Statue of Liberty greeted them as they arrived in New York Harbor. New York City is the financial capital of the world, with its headquarters, the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street. Manhattan is also the headquarters of the United Nations and home of the Statue of Liberty. New York City contains world-renowned universities including Columbia University and NYU. Broadway, New York's theater district is the most famous in the world. New York is famous for its skyscrapers such as the Empire State building and formerly the World Trade Center. [PAR] The land area of New York City includes the five boroughs and several surrounding islands, including Ellis Island, Governor's Island, Riker's Island, Randall's Island, and Roosevelt Island. [PAR] Jordan Levine -- 2002[DOC] [TLE] Bronx, New York - Bad Girls Club Wiki - Wikia Bronx, New York | Bad Girls Club Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Bad Girls Club Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The world's most magical canal cities - Travel ... The world's most magical canal cities - Travel - Destination Travel | NBC News [PAR] The world's most magical canal cities [PAR] Venice gets the publicity, but many other places rival Italy's city for waterways [PAR] Below: [PAR] + [PAR] - [PAR] Everyone swoons over Venice's celebrated canals and bridges \u2014 but did you know that there are dozens of other canal cities across the globe that are known as the \"Venice of\" their respective locations? (Think \"the Venice of the North,\" \"the Venice of the East,\" even \"the Venice of Mali.\") Sure, there's only one real Venice, but these other watery cities offer plenty of charms of their own, from riverfront palaces to classical Chinese pagodas \u2014 and even gondola rides! Read on to learn about eight of our favorite canal cities around the globe. [PAR] Don't miss these Travel stories [PAR] Report: Airlines collecting $36.1B in fees this year [PAR] Delft, Netherlands [PAR] Fun Fact: The 17th-century painter Johannes Vermeer lived in this serenely beautiful Dutch city, and his well-known \"View of Delft\" captures its picturesque buildings and canals. [PAR] What to Do: Delft is perfect for strolling. Wander along the canals and cobblestone streets to see sights like the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church, dating to 1510) and the Oostpoort, the only remaining gate from the city's ancient walls. [PAR] Should You Check or Ship Your Bags? [PAR] Suzhou, China [PAR] Fun Fact: Suzhou's historic district, filled with narrow canals, historic pagodas and exquisite gardens, is protected by the government of China; no skyscrapers may be built here. [PAR] What to Do: Evening boat tours are one of the most romantic ways to experience Suzhou's canals and bridges. By day, wander through the city's many classical gardens, which are collectively recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [PAR] Advertise [PAR] Fort Lauderdale, Florida [PAR] Fun Fact: Fort Lauderdale is located on the Intracoastal Waterway, a 3,000-mile network of bays, inlets, sounds and canals that runs along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. [PAR] What to Do: You don't need to go all the way to Italy to take a traditional gondola ride \u2014 you can also do it right here in Fort Lauderdale (see GondolaMan.com for details). You can also zip around this sunny city by water taxi or take a sightseeing boat tour. [PAR] Birmingham, England [PAR] Fun Fact: Birmingham has more miles of canals than Venice. [PAR] What to Do: Birmingham's historic canals \u2014 once vital to the city's commerce during the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century \u2014 are now primarily a tourist attraction. You can walk along the towpaths, eat lunch at a waterfront restaurant, browse the shops along the canals or take a sightseeing cruise. [PAR] WPA Pool / Getty Images [PAR] British Prime Minister David Cameron runs along the Worcester and Birmingham Canal, a main tourist attraction. [PAR] Alappuzha, India [PAR] Fun Fact: Alappuzha (traditionally known as Alleppey) is the gateway to the backwater region of Kerala, on India's southwestern coast. \"Snake boat\" races are held here every summer, featuring long, narrow boats propelled by as many as 100 local rowers. [PAR] What to Do: Take a boat tour or stay in a traditional houseboat and explore the region's rivers, lagoons and canals. These tranquil waters are lined with palms and offer a glimpse into local industries like shrimp farming and coir making (coir fibers are harvested from coconuts and used to produce rope, floor mats and other products). [PAR] Gold Coast, Australia [PAR] Fun Fact: Gold Coast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did You Know? - Border Between Scotland and England Did You Know? - Border Between Scotland and England [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] - Border Between Scotland and England [PAR] The border between Scotland and England stretches for 108 miles (174 kilometres) between the Solway Firth along the Cheviot Hills and the river Tweed, to the North Sea. [PAR] Hadrian's Wall, built by the Romans, ran further south than this, from Carlisle on the river Eden to the river Tyne in the east. [PAR] The town of Berwick on Tweed, at the mouth of the Tweed, changed hands between Scotland and England 13 times between 1147 and 1482 before finally becoming part of England. [PAR] Despite being in England, the football (soccer) team in Berwick (Berwick Rangers) plays in the Scottish League, the only English team to do so. [PAR] Use the \"Back\" button on your browser or click here to return to the Index of \"Did You Know?\" [PAR] Where else would you like to go in Scotland? [PAR] Links Pages"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Strasbourg Travel Guide and Travel Information Strasbourg Travel Guide and Travel Information [PAR] \u00b0C [PAR] France [PAR] Set on the Franco-German border, and at various times a part of both countries, Strasbourg has more claim than most to be the symbolic heart of modern Europe . [PAR] Over the centuries, the culture of the city and of the entire Alsace region has been shaped by Germany as much as by France . The result is a fascinating blend of influences on everything, from the architecture and cultural scene, to the language and food. And despite past hostilities, the Alsace thrives thanks to the strong collaborative links between the two countries. The most potent symbol of this is the Jardin des Deux Rives just east of Strasbourg, an international 60-hectare (148-acre) garden straddling the border and the Rhine, linked by a friendship bridge. [PAR] Today, Strasbourg mixes medieval charm with a dynamic, contemporary and international feel. At its heart is Grand \u00cele, a UNESCO World Heritage-listed island in the River Ill. It\u2019s a fortified medieval town packed with ancient relics, from Place Kl\u00e9ber (the main square) to Place Gutenberg. This area is lively throughout the year, from the warm summer months when everyone congregates on the caf\u00e9 terraces, to December, when stallholders sell gl\u00fchwein and festive handicrafts at Christmas markets. [PAR] At the centre of the island, soaring over everything, is the gothic Notre-Dame Cathedral, notable for its pink sandstone fa\u00e7ade and unique tower. And nearby La Petite France is the medieval quarter\u2019s stunning crown jewel. Its picturesque bridges and canals, half-timbered houses and charming narrow streets contrast sharply with the modern clean-cut lines of the European institutions in the northeast of the city. [PAR] Culturally, Strasbourg boasts an Opera House, National Theatre and a Conservatory of Music, and hosts various music and cinema festivals. Academically, it has one of France\u2019s largest universities, with over 42,000 students, while environmentally it welcomes cyclists and pedestrians alike, and has an extensive public transport network. [PAR] That network extends well beyond the urban area, and TGV high speed trains connects Strasbourg to other cities across Europe, reaffirming its pivotal role as a capital of Europe, and a guardian of human rights. [PAR] You may also be interested in:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 20 Largest Greek Islands - About.com Travel The Largest of Greece's Islands [PAR] The Largest of Greece's Islands [PAR] The Largest of Greece's Islands [PAR] But size doesn't always matter when it comes to Greek islands [PAR] Karpathos. Nancy Ayers, used by permission [PAR] By deTraci Regula [PAR] Updated August 15, 2016. [PAR] Greece boasts thousands of islands - but only about 200 of them are inhabited or visited by tourists. The biggest Greek islands have the advantage - most of them have been inhabited and developed since ancient times. If you fear ever getting claustrophobic on a Greek island, here are the ones likely to give you some room to wander without ever getting on a ferry. [PAR] Top 20 Largest Greek Islands [PAR] 1 [PAR] 75 [PAR] 195 [PAR] And, since it missed the \"Top 20\" list by only a square kilometer, we're adding one more as a \"special bonus island\" : [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Before Your Road Trip, Watch This [PAR] 21 [PAR] 75 square miles [PAR] 194 square km [PAR] The largest Greek island group is the Cyclades or Cycladic islands , also spelled Kyklades, with about two hundred small islands circling the twenty or so larger, better-known islands such as Mykonos and Santorini . Then there is the Dodecanese Island group, with twelve main islands (dodeka means twelve) and many islets, followed by the Ionian Islands , the Aegean Islands , and the Sporades . The Ionians are few in number but consist of several of the largest islands in Greece. The big island of Crete is not part of any island group, though it does have a number of satellite islands including Gavdos , which is considered to be the southernmost point of Europe. [PAR] What's the Smallest Greek Island? [PAR] This is much harder to determine. There are many rocky outcroppings in Greece which don't logically count as \"islands\" but may show up on some lists. Even \"smallest inhabited\" is hard to determine since privately-owned islands can be minuscule, with just a single family residence. One island that would show up on most \"smallest\" lists of visitable islands would be little Levitha , inhabited by a single family who runs the sole taverna, but it is visited during the summer by yachters as it offers safe harbors in all four directions. [PAR] The tiny islet of Rho off the coast of Turkey was inhabited by a bold Greek woman nicknamed \"The Lady of Rho\" who used to vigorously raise the Greek flag every morning until she finally passed away at an advanced age."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Romania Map / Geography of Romania / Map of Romania ... Romania Map / Geography of Romania / Map of Romania - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Print this map [PAR] Inside the so-called \"Cave of Bones\" in Romania, the oldest human remains on the continent of Europe were discovered; archeologists dated the some 42,000 years old. [PAR] In an attempt to expand its territory further north, the Roman Empire reached the Danube River in southeastern Europe in 100 AD, and established the new province of Roman Dacia. [PAR] As the Roman Empire began its decline in the late 2nd century, Dacia was invaded by the Goths, an East Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin. Over the next five centuries a wide variety of migrating people crossed through. [PAR] In the 8th century, the Avars, a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins conquered the land, and ruled the remaining Slavic serfs in the Transylvania region until the 8th century. [PAR] In the High to Late Middle Ages, from the Black Sea coastal areas through the mountainous central, and to the western borders of what is now modern-day Hungary and Serbia , Romania was occupied by an assortment of nomadic peoples. [PAR] By the middle of the 16th century, Hungary , and most of the Balkan Peninsula including Romania's historical regions of Moldavia (northeast), Transylvania (central) and Wallachia (in the south) were under varied levels of Ottoman (Turkish) control. [PAR] Near the end of the 17th century, a league of factions (including the Hapsburg) organized by Pope Innocent XI, was sent to free Hungary from Ottoman rule and reinstate the Catholic Church. That effort stretched into Romania, and in 1699, Transylvania became a territory of the Habsburgs' Austrian empire. [PAR] The Habsburgs were one of the most important aristocratic royal houses of Europe , best known for being the origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740. Within a few short years the Hapsburg's occupied other small parts of Moldavia and Wallachia. [PAR] The European Revolutions of 1848 were a series of political upheavals throughout the continent. They were caused by widespread dissatisfaction with leadership; the demands of the working classes and a growing upsurge of nationalism in individual countries and regions. [PAR] It was the first (and only) Europe -wide collapse of traditional authority. During the revolutions tens of thousands of people were killed and many more forced into exile, and within one year, the powerful reactionary forces (of royalty) had won out and the revolutions collapsed. [PAR] After the failed 1848 Revolution, Romanians wanted to form a single state, but that struggle was squelched by the Austria - Hungary empire, as it kept the Romanians firmly in control, even in parts of Transylvania where Romanians constituted a local majority. [PAR] During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877\u20131878 between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and numerous Balkan countries, Romania fought on the Russian side, and that was a good decision. [PAR] Within the 1878 Treaty of Berlin between the two warring parties, Romania was recognized as an independent state (principality) by Russia and some other European powers of the day. To make the deal Romania ceded some land along its eastern border to Russia. [PAR] Prev Page 1/2 Next Page [PAR] See Also[DOC] [TLE] Transylvania travel guide - Wikitravel Transylvania travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] 14 Get out [PAR] Discussion on defining regions for Transylvania is in progress. If you know the area pretty well, please share your opinion on the talk page . [PAR] Transylvania is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Faeroe Islands Map and and Map of Faeroe Islands ... Faeroe Islands Map and and Map of Faeroe Islands Information Page [PAR] Faeroe Islands Map and and Map of Faeroe Islands Information Page [PAR] Faeroe Islands Map and and Map of Faeroe Islands Information Page [PAR] The rugged Faeroe Islands (18 in all), are in the North Atlantic Ocean, about 250 miles (402 km) directly north of Scotland. [PAR] First settled by the Norwegian Vikings, these islands, politically connected to Denmark since the 14th Century, have enjoyed home rule since 1948, and continually strive for full sovereignty. [PAR] Many of the inhabitants live in and around the Thorshavn area, the administrative capital and largest city in the islands. [PAR] With very little cultivated land, sheep raising is a significant business, and in fact, the name Faeroe Islands is said to mean \"Sheep Islands.\" Fishing, and offshore oil finds help diversify the economy. [PAR] Ferries and shipping companies link the islands to the European mainland, and tourism is a growing business. [PAR] The Faeroe Island's maps and information pages are currently being revised, and will be posted soon. [PAR] Quick Facts and Figures [PAR] Official Name Faeroe Islands (alt. Faroe, or F\u00f8royar) a self governing territory of Denmark, claimed in 1380 [PAR] Administrative Capital Torshavn [PAR] Latitude/Longitude 62\u00ba 00' N, 7\u00ba 00' W [PAR] Official Currency Danish Krone [PAR] Population 46,345 [PAR] Land Area 1,399 sq km (540 sq miles) [PAR] Landforms Similar to Iceland, the Faeroes are lava based islands with elevated coastal cliffs and some elevated peaks. The highest point (on Eysturoy) rises to 2,894 ft. (882m) [PAR] Grass grows along the base of local mountains, but few trees survive because of the relentless North Atlantic winds. [PAR] Maps[DOC] [TLE] Faroe Islands travel guide - Wikitravel Faroe Islands travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Time Zone [PAR] UTC [PAR] The Faroe or Faeroe Islands (in Faroese F\u00f8royar) are 18 islands in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of Scotland and halfway between Iceland and Norway . The Islands are a self-governing island territory of Denmark , although they politically aim for higher independence. The Islands have a population of nearly 50,000, and a language and culture of their own. When visiting the Faroes you are never more than 5km (3 miles) away from the ocean. The countryside is dominated by steep mountains and there are about 70,000 sheep and some 2 million pairs of seabirds, including the largest colony of storm petrels in the world. The Faroe Islands are undeniably beautiful: green, rugged and wind-swept. Most visitors to the islands come between early July and late August. [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] Risin and Kellingin [PAR] The Faroese tourist season is very short. It begins in May and ends by September. Most visitors come between July and August by far. If you would like to avoid the busiest season, it is best to visit the Faroes in late May or early June. The Faroese weather has its own temperament and is a lot like the weather in neighboring regions, just more unpredictable. [PAR] One of the main reasons that people visit the Faroe Islands is the incredible nature and scenery. The Faroe Islands turn extraordinarily green during the summertime. The fresh air, the deep blue ocean, the vertical sea cliffs and the green mountains with their picturesque valleys, is something which would amaze anyone who enjoys being surrounded by nature. For generations the locals have lived off the land and the animals that are on the islands as not much grows in this climate. [PAR] A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of national capital city name etymologies - WikiLists ... List of national capital city name etymologies | WikiLists | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] List of national capital city name etymologies [PAR] 4,458pages on [PAR] This list covers English language national capital city names with their etymologies. Some of these include notes on indigenous names and their etymologies. Some of these etymologies are uncertain. The former capitals also have their etymologies listed on this article. [PAR] Contents: [PAR] 22x20px Afghanistan : [PAR] Kabul (1774-present): Many scholars have argued that the city's name comes from the [PAR] Kamboja tribe. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] It is also known in classical writings as Kophes or Kophene. The name could also be derived from Sanskrit \u0915\u0941\u092c\u094d\u091c \"kambuja\" meaning \"hump-backed\" or \"crooked.\" [PAR] Kandahar (1747-1774): There are many theories about the origin of the name Kandahar: 1. It is believed to have derived from the Pashto pronunciation of Alexandria, which is \"Iskanderiya\". [6] 2. The name could be derived from the name of the city of Gandahar [7] . 3. It's interesting to know that the word \u0642\u0646\u062f \"kand\" or \"qand\" in the local languages (Persian and Pashto) means \"sweet\" and \u0647\u0631 \"har\" may be short for \u0634\u0647\u0631 \"shahar\" which means city or town. And the ancient word- Gandh derived from Gandhar also means a sweet nice smell. This probably has to do with the city being known for producing fine grapes, pomegranates, apricots, melons and other sweet fruits.[1] 4. The name could be derived from two PIE words: kand=wall and har=mountain or stone leading to understand a city made of stones or fortress with stone wall. these words are still used in Indo-Pakistan today by Nomadic Bagga and Sansi tribes. [PAR] 22x20px Albania : [PAR] Tirana : There are several hypotheses for the origins of Tirana's name ... [PAR] Tirana thought that comes from the word Theranda, mentioned in ancient sources Greek and Latin, which locals called The Rana, since the field was formed as result of solid materials that brought water from the surrounding mountains. Tirana comes from Tirkan. Tirkan has been a fortress on the mountain slope of Dajti. Still exist the ruins of this ancient castle dating back to beginning of the first century before the birth of Christ, which is thought to have tower that was Byzantium historian Prokop (shek.VI), calls the tower of Tirkanit. Tirana comes from old Greek Tyros (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2) which means dairy. In area of Tirana, trade of dairy products made by shepherds surrounding areas. Tirona Tirana or as called in the dialect of the country, has its origins by the way how called the people of this country. Given that the population located in this area come mainly from the mountains of the area around it by locals they called \"The Ronen\" (the fallen). Even today, in everyday language, for families who come from mountainous areas used the expression \"have fallen (eg) in Durres \"(or elsewhere). (J. N. Priska) For the first time mentioned the name of Tirana in 1418 in a document Venice. [PAR] Durr\u00ebs (1914-1920): via Latin Dyrrachium and Greek \u0394\u03c5\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd Dyrrachion meaning \"bad spine\" or \"difficult ridge.\" The city's former name is Epidamnos \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 meaning \"The Damned\" and is a cognate with Latin damnum meaning \"loss\" or \"harm.\" [PAR] 22x20px Angola : [PAR] Luanda / Loanda: The place name comes from the root word Luanda lu-ndandu. The prefix lu, originally a [PAR] plural forms of the Bantu languages, is common in the names of parts of coast of river basins or wetlands (examples: Luena, Lucala Lobito) and in this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Best Rum for a Daiquiri | Serious Eats The Best Rum for a Daiquiri | Serious Eats [PAR] The Best Rum for a Daiquiri [PAR] 6 [PAR] Your choice of rum matters when it comes to daiquiris. [ Photographs: Jennifer Hess ] [PAR] In these hot, muggy times, the thoughts and hearts of drinkers turn to the perfect hot-weather drink: the daiquiri. Now, when I say daiquiri, I'm not talking about anything fruity or frozen. I mean the original, the classic: the simple sour of rum, lime juice, and either simple syrup or sugar. [PAR] I usually like mine bone-dry. I'll usually mix one with 2 ounces of rum, either 3/4 or 1 ounce of lime, and a couple of barspoons of superfine sugar. Then I shake the hell out of it on ice to dissolve the sugar and pour it into a chilled coupe glass. [PAR] Back in February I started exploring the best ingredients to use in a Negroni . I'm now on a similar mission for the daiquiri. [PAR] This drink is easy to test. Lime juice is lime juice (a slight oversimplification since there are a few lime varieties out there, but bear with me), and white sugar is white sugar. But the rums, oh the rums. That's where you can have some fun. [PAR] The Rums [PAR] I've had great daiquiris made with dark rums, but in general, when I want a daiquiri, I'm looking for refreshment. I want something deliciously bright and crisp and sharp. Dark rums tend to be rich and smooth and mellow. That's what I want when I'm drinking a Mai Tai or a rum Old Fashioned, but it's not what I want when I want a daiquiri. But which white rum is best in this classic drink? I put five to the test to find out. [PAR] Bacardi Superior (about $14 for 750 mL). I'm guessing you're familiar with this white rum from Puerto Rico. I think anyone who's had a daiquri has at one time had a Bacardi daiquiri, and I wanted to see how it would fare in a blind tasting. [PAR] Flor de Ca\u00f1a (about $15 for 750 mL). A bright, crisp white rum from Nicaragua. Flor is a go-to for sipping and cocktails, plus it's pretty affordable and widely available. [PAR] Rhum Barbancourt (about $18 for 750 mL). This white rum from Haiti is made from freshly pressed sugar cane, using a pot still. Though it's made in a manner similar to an agricole-style rum, it doesn't have the sort of abiding funk you expect from agricole. [PAR] Rhum Cl\u00e9ment Premi\u00e9re Canne (about $30 for 750 mL). A rich white agricole from Martinique. Unlike the Barbancourt, Rhum Cl\u00e9ment Premi\u00e9re Canne has a potent funk that reaches your nose the moment you open the bottle. [PAR] Ron Diplomatico Blanco (about $33 for 750 mL). A 6-year-old rum from Venezuela that is filtered to remove the barrel coloration. [PAR] Get Mixing! [PAR] Several variables in each daiquiri remained the same: [PAR] Proportions. Each drink was 1 ounce rum, 1/2 ounce fresh lime juice, and 1 teaspoon simple syrup. [PAR] Ice. I weighed the ice to make sure it was the same for each drink. [PAR] Glassware. Though I normally serve daiquiris in coupe glasses, I don't own enough of them right now to test five drinks, so I used V-shaped cocktail glasses instead. [PAR] Technique. I shook each drink over fresh ice, to chill and properly dilute it, and then strained it into a glass. [PAR] My wife and I were both blind-tasting the daiquiris."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Information on whisky and whiskey producing regions the ... Information on whisky and whiskey producing regions the world - whiskyforeveryone.com [PAR] Rest of the world [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] Whisky and whiskey is currently being produced in 23 countries worldwide and drunk in over 200 countries worldwide [PAR] Whisky regions [PAR] Whisky and whiskey are now produced all over the world. Each country and each distillery has its own unique style and character. From light and fresh to bold and smoky - there is a style to suit everyone. Knowing a little about the history, location and distilling techniques of a distillery can make the drinking experience more enjoyable and make selecting and buying a whisky a less daunting experience. For those of you in love with the 'water of life' it is a great place to start planning your next holiday. [PAR] Scotland - the home of malt [PAR] The historical origins of whisky can be much argued about, but the true spiritual home of the much loved spirit cannot. Scotland is the leading world producer of malt whisky with over 80 distilleries currently in operation. In addition to this, there are around 25 further distilleries that have been mothballed, decommissioned, closed or demolished within the last 30 years. Stocks from these closed distilleries are dwindling as the years pass, but if you add their whisky to the millions of litres produced in Scotland every year then you end up with a lot of whisky! The country is split in to six whisky producing regions - Speyside, Highlands, Lowlands, Campbeltown, the islands and Islay. Each region has its own general style, although there are exceptions in all cases. Speyside is the one of the smaller regions in geographical terms but has the highest concentration of operating distilleries, with just over 30. In contrast, Campbeltown only has two remaining distilleries. The majority of the islands only have one distillery on them with the major exception being Islay, which has eight distilleries. Many distilleries still use traditional techniques that have been in use for over two centuries. in scotland, whisky is more than just a drink or an industry. It is a national icon and forms part of the history and fabric of this proud nation. [PAR] All around the world - differences to be embraced [PAR] There are currently over 20 other countries producing whisky around the globe apart from scotland. Demand for whisky is growing throughout the world and this has resulted in distilleries popping up in some surprising places. The second largest producer, behind Scotland, is America and the third largest is Japan. Ireland is the other traditional powerhouse in the whisky world and comes in fourth place. These four countries are where the majority of the world's whisky is made but other places are joining the party. Whisky is currently being distilled in a number of countries around Europe, India, Canada, Australia and various others. Most producers are small and experimental, using new techniques of production and maturation, leading traditionalists to question 'is this really whisky?'. Whisky is technically anything distilled from malted barley or grain and matured for a minimum of three years, so you can decide for yourself. Be prepared for new flavour sensations and experiences. [PAR] \u00a9 2011 Whisky for Everyone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Best Way to Drink Greek Ouzo - Serving Suggestions The Best Way to Drink Greek Ouzo - Serving Suggestions [PAR] By Lynn Livanos Athan [PAR] Updated November 02, 2016. [PAR] Want to learn more? Like how to Drink Ouzo ? See an updated article, click here: OPA! Let's Talk About Ouzo [PAR] There is an old Greek saying that \"ouzo makes the spirit\" and this is especially true in Greece. The Greek spirit or kefi (KEH-fee) is found in hearty food, soulful music, and the love of lively conversation. A glass of chilled ouzo is the perfect companion to all of these things. [PAR] Most people would agree that ouzo is Greece's most popular alcoholic drink. No other beverage is as uniquely Greek or as closely linked to a culture as ouzo is to Greece. In fact, in 2006, the Greek government won the exclusive rights to use the product name ouzo. [PAR] Taste: [PAR] Clear and silky, with a distinct licorice flavor, ouzo is distilled from the must or remnants of grapes pressed for wine. It can be flavored with spices like anise, mint, mastic, and coriander. Potent and fiery, it is not a drink for the faint of heart. It has an alcohol content of about 40% (depending on the brand) but also a high sugar content that delays the release of the alcohol into your system. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] BBQ Side Dishes: The 411 [PAR] Drinkers are advised to use caution because the effects of ouzo will sneak up on you. [PAR] Origin: [PAR] The island of Lesvos (Mytilini) prides itself as the hub of ouzo production and is widely known to have some of the best ouzo in Greece. Recipes for distilling ouzo may be similar from location to location, however, you will find that these are often closely guarded family secrets. [PAR] Brands of Ouzo: [PAR] Ouzo brands tend to have followings like soccer teams, and foster the same type of loyalty in their dedicated fans. Some of the better-known brands available outside of Greece are: Ouzo 12, Sans Rival, Ouzo Barbayianni, and Ouzo Mini. In Greece, brands such as Plomari, Tinarvou, and Kefi are also widely enjoyed. [PAR] Serving: [PAR] Ouzo is customarily served neat - no ice. The Greeks will add iced water to dilute the strength causing the liquid to turn an opaque, milky white. If you add the ice directly to the ouzo, you will create unsightly crystals on the surface of your drink. There is a technical explanation for this emulsion that according to ScienceDaily.com is known as \"the ouzo effect.\" [PAR] Most Greeks would scoff at the idea of ouzo being mixed with anything but water - so to avoid embarrassment, skip the usual mixers and stick with water if you need to dilute it. One manufacturer even recommends that you serve ouzo in a narrow glass so that the nose is protected from the inebriating fumes that may come off of your drink. [PAR] Drinks and Food: [PAR] Greeks love this drink so much that there are countless ouzo bars across Greece called ouzeries (ooh-zeh-REE-es). These are casual places that specialize in many different types of ouzo, but even more importantly are popular for their tantalizing array of appetizers known as mezethes (meh-ZEH-thes). [PAR] These savory small plates of food are an essential component of the social side of ouzo drinking. Despite its strong flavor, ouzo compliments many different types of food and the meze menu will often be long and varied. [PAR] In a typical ouzeri , patrons will linger"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Juniper defines Gin. An indepth look at the spirit's core ... Juniper defines Gin. An indepth look at the spirit's core botanical [PAR] Written by Gin Foundry [PAR] If you want to really understand gin, it\u2019s important to get to know juniper. We would compare it to understanding the influence of casks for whisky fans, grapes for winos or dilution of ice for bartenders. Juniper is such an important aspect of gin that quite literally, it is not only the primary botanical used in gin but by law, it needs to be the predominant flavour in anything seeking to be classified as gin. The aroma and taste of juniper is \u2013 or at least should be \u2013 the signature note in any gin, both on the nose and on the palate. Even the name Gin itself is derived from either the French geni\u00e8vre or the Dutch jenever, which both mean juniper. [PAR] We\u2019re about to go all green fingered on you all, so bear with us for a while \u2013 there is a point to this\u2026 Juniper shrubs vary in size and shape, are evergreen and are usually low spreading bush type plants. They are a low maintenance plant to grow and while they prefer an acidic pH soil, they don\u2019t have a problem in soil pHs that are not acidic either. We\u2019ve heard of Juniper shrubs being used for groundcovers, border plantings and understand that they are especially helpful in preventing soil erosion, weed control and planting on difficult parts of a landscape. From our own experience with them \u2013 we know that juniper shrubs are quite drought tolerant and perform well enough in rock gardens too. If this wasn\u2019t enough, most varieties of juniper require very little pruning, if any. It is therefore not surprising to hear that depending on your taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper and they are found in most countries in the Northern hemisphere. They are amazing plants. [PAR] In fact, \u201cCommon Juniper\u201d has one of the largest geographic range of any woody plant in the world. Occurring from Western Alaska throughout Canada and Northern USA, in coastal areas of Greenland, Iceland, throughout Europe and in Northern Asia and Japan. It was once widespread in Europe, except for some low-lying areas around the Mediterranean and it even occurs in small patches of North Africa. It\u2019s amazing to think that juniper occurs at varying elevations and at its southernmost extent it has been recorded at altitudes of up to 3,500 metres. If this was a grape, wine makers would be going crazy over it. Given we all understand that soil, climate and growing conditions all affect grapes and that this has resulted in the term \u201cterroir\u2019 used to define wine regions, styles etc\u2026 why should it be so different in juniper bushes and as a result in gin? If you interested in this, an interesting Gin to seek out is Origin as it is available in 6 different varieties, where the juniper is the only thing to change as it has been selected from different terroirs. [PAR] While juniper occurs in patches in England and throughout most of Scotland, it is only really common in the Highlands. Two subspecies can be found in Scotland, of which the erect, shrubby form is most widespread. In the UK, few specimens grow taller than 5 meters but in other countries it has been known to grow up to 10m high. [PAR] In the Highlands, juniper is more abundant in the drier, Eastern part of the country. Interestingly for you horticulturists out there, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grenadine - CooksInfo.com Grenadine [PAR] Grenadine [PAR] Grenadine [PAR] \u00a9 Denzil Green [PAR] Grenadine is a non-alcoholic syrup that is used to flavour and sweeten drinks and desserts. It used to be made from pomegranates, or a mix of pomegranates and red currants. Today it is usually made with other, mixed fruit juices, and artificially flavoured and coloured. [PAR] Red Grenadine is the most popular fruit syrup. It is used in many cocktails, and even used in children's bar drinks, such as Shirley Temples. You just use one or two dashes in mixed drinks, as the sweetness can easily overwhelm a drink. [PAR] You can buy Grenadine in bottles at most stores. [PAR] Green Grenadine [PAR] Green Grenadine is coloured green, but tastes the same as Red Grenadine. [PAR] Cooking Tips [PAR] You can make your own Red Grenadine, but given that the cost of pomegranates is way more than a bottle of grenadine, it's difficult to know why you would. [PAR] Substitutes [PAR] For Green Grenadine, you can substitute cr\u00e8me de menthe, though of course that will add a mint taste in addition to the green colour. [PAR] Language Notes [PAR] The name \"Grenadine\" comes from the French word for a pomegranate, \"grenade.\" [PAR] Fruit Syrups[DOC] [TLE] What is Grenadine? - The Lou Messugo Blog What is Grenadine? - The Lou Messugo Blog [PAR] Print [PAR] What is Grenadine? [PAR] Grenadine is a fruit syrup quintessential to French childhood. That's it in a nutshell! Though perhaps I could go into just a little more detail.... [PAR] Grenadine is a syrup used to make drinks (cordial or squash for children, certain cocktails for adults). The word \"grenadine\" comes from the French word for pomegranate \"grenade\" but while the syrup might have been made originally with pomegranates I couldn't find a single make that still includes this exotic fruit. Nowadays grenadine is made up of a mix of red berry fruits such as raspberry, red currant, elderberry, black currant and strawberry, with a hint of vanilla. And unfortunately plenty of sugar. [PAR] To prepare grenadine, dilute it 1 part to 7 or 8 parts water, don't make the mistake of trying to drink it neat! It is found in most French family homes as children drink it for go\u00fbter (afternoon tea, snack) as an English child might drink Ribena or orange squash. [PAR] The gorgeous rich red colour in the bottle dilutes out to a weak pink depending on how much water you use. For a drink for a special occasion for a child (in a bar or restaurant for example) grenadine can be served with lemonade which is called a diablo grenadine. Some kids like it with milk, called simply lait grenadine or b\u00e9b\u00e9 rose. [PAR] Grenadine is also used in cocktails to give a vibrant red colour, such as in a Tequila Sunrise though more ordinarily in a French bar you could order a Monaco - a shandy (lager and lemonade) with a splash of grenadine. I remember drinking my first Monaco on the terrace of a bar in Quiberon in Brittany on a perfect summer's day in July 1993, isn't it funny how you remember useless and random facts like that! I couldn't tell you when I had my first glass of champagne, but Monaco, no problem. [PAR] So that's about it for grenadine, next time you're in a bar in France and want to go local, don't order a coke for the kids, get them a diablo grenadine and try a Monaco yourself. [PAR] What do kids drink where you're from? Do your children drink"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 5 Ways to Make a Bloody Mary - wikiHow 5 Ways to Make a Bloody Mary - wikiHow [PAR] Simple Bloody Mary [PAR] 1 [PAR] Cover the rims of a few glasses with lime juice. Just run one lime wedge around the rims of the glasses. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Dip the rims of the glasses in coarse salt. The salt will stick to the lime juice and will coat the rims. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Combine the ingredients in a tumbler. Place 4 oz. of vodka, 1 cup of tomato juice, 2 dashes of Worcestershire sauce, 3 tbsp. of lemon juice, 2 oz. of dill pickle juice, a dash of Tabasco sauce, 1/2 tsp. horseradish sauce, 1/2 tsp. celery salt, 1 tsp. lemon juice, and a dash of pepper in a tumbler. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Shake all the ingredients in the tumbler. This will combine them well. Shake the tumbler for at least 15-20 seconds. [PAR] 5 [PAR] If this question (or a similar one) is answered twice in this section, please click here to let us know. [PAR] Video [PAR] Learn how to make a Bloody Mary Cocktail Drink [PAR] Tips [PAR] Have fun with this drink. It's all about experimentation. You can put many other things in it, such as Old Bay spice, Frank's Red Hot and any other kinds of hot sauce you may have. See what flavor combinations you like best, and really make this drink your own. [PAR] To make a Virgin Mary, omit any alcohol. Could use tonic water in place of alcohol to cut the tomato juice. [PAR] If you keep your celery in a jar with a bit of vodka and thin tomato juice in the fridge for a few days, it will draw the liquid up into itself and become a flavored garnish. [PAR] To make a Bloody Maria, replace the vodka with tequila. [PAR] To make a Bloody Caesar, replace the tomato juice with Clamato juice, or if no Clamato is available, add a dash of clam juice. [PAR] A drink made with the commercially available \"Bloody Mary Mix\" is not nearly as tasty as one made with the recipe above. Making your Bloody from scratch each time or in small batches is part of the fun of drinking them. [PAR] Don't drink and drive."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christopher Lee - Biography - IMDb Christopher Lee - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Christopher Lee [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 217 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (157) | Personal Quotes (45) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' 5\" (1.96 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee was perhaps the only actor of his generation to have starred in so many films and cult saga. Although most notable for personifying bloodsucking vampire, Dracula, on screen, he portrayed other varied characters on screen, most of which were villains, whether it be Francisco Scaramanga in the James Bond film, The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), or Count Dooku in Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones (2002), or as the title monster in the Hammer Horror film, The Mummy (1959). [PAR] Lee was born in 1922 in London, England, where he and his older sister Xandra were raised by their parents, Contessa Estelle Marie (Carandini di Sarzano) and Geoffrey Trollope Lee, a professional soldier, until their divorce in 1926. Later, while Lee was still a child, his mother married (and later divorced) Harcourt George St.-Croix (nicknamed Ingle), who was a banker. Lee's maternal great-grandfather was an Italian political refugee, while Lee's great-grandmother was English opera singer Marie (Burgess) Carandini. [PAR] After attending Wellington College from age 14 to 17, Lee worked as an office clerk in a couple of London shipping companies until 1941 when he enlisted in the Royal Air Force during World War II. Following his release from military service, Lee joined the Rank Organisation in 1947, training as an actor in their \"Charm School\" and playing a number of bit parts in such films as Corridor of Mirrors (1948). He made a brief appearance in Laurence Olivier 's Hamlet (1948), in which his future partner-in-horror Peter Cushing also appeared. Both actors also appeared later in Moulin Rouge (1952) but did not meet until their horror films together. [PAR] Lee had numerous parts in film and television throughout the 1950s. He struggled initially in his new career because he was discriminated as being taller than the leading male actors of his time and being too foreign-looking. However, playing the monster in the Hammer film The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) proved to be a blessing in disguise, since the was successful, leading to him being signed on for future roles in Hammer Film Productions. Lee's association with Hammer Film Productions brought him into contact with Peter Cushing, and they became good friends. Lee and Cushing often than not played contrasting roles in Hammer films, where Cushing was the protagonist and Lee the villain, whether it be Van Helsing and Dracula respectively in Horror of Dracula (1958), or John Banning and Kharis the Mummy respectively in The Mummy (1959). [PAR] Lee continued his role as \"Dracula\" in a number of Hammer sequels throughout the 1960s and into the early 1970s. During this time, he co-starred in The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959), and made numerous appearances as Fu Manchu, most notably in the first of the series The Face of Fu Manchu (1965), and also appeared in a number of films in Europe. With his own production company, Charlemagne Productions, Ltd., Lee made Nothing But the Night (1973) and To the Devil a Daughter (1976). By the mid-1970s, Lee was tiring of his horror image and tried to widen his appeal by participating in several mainstream films, such as The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), The Three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Few Good Men (1992) - IMDb A Few Good Men (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] Neo military lawyer Kaffee defends Marines accused of murder; they contend they were acting under orders. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $7.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 29 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 29 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 26 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 14 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: A Few Good Men (1992) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 4 Oscars. Another 9 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When a sports agent has a moral epiphany and is fired for expressing it, he decides to put his new philosophy to the test as an independent with the only athlete who stays with him. [PAR] Director: Cameron Crowe [PAR] As students at the United States Navy's elite fighter weapons school compete to be best in the class, one daring young pilot learns a few things from a civilian instructor that are not taught in the classroom. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] A young lawyer joins a prestigious law firm only to discover that it has a sinister dark side. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] A young hot-shot stock car driver gets his chance to compete at the top level. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] A talented New York City bartender takes a job at a bar in Jamaica and falls in love. [PAR] Director: Roger Donaldson [PAR] The biography of Ron Kovic. Paralyzed in the Vietnam war, he becomes an anti-war and pro-human rights political activist after feeling betrayed by the country he fought for. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] A cab driver finds himself the hostage of an engaging contract killer as he makes his rounds from hit to hit during one night in Los Angeles. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] An American military advisor embraces the Samurai culture he was hired to destroy after he is captured in battle. [PAR] Director: Edward Zwick [PAR] A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. [PAR] Director: Neil Jordan [PAR] A dramatization of the 20 July assassination and political coup plot by desperate renegade German Army officers against Hitler during World War II. [PAR] Director: Bryan Singer [PAR] An American agent, under false suspicion of disloyalty, must discover and expose the real spy without the help of his organization. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In this dramatic courtroom thriller, LT Daniel Kaffee, a Navy lawyer who has never seen the inside of the courtroom, defends two stubborn Marines who have been accused of murdering a colleague. Kaffee is known as being lazy and had arranged for a plea bargain. Downey's Aunt Ginny appoints"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bridge on the River Kwai; the true story - Digger History Bridge on the River Kwai; the true story [PAR] Bridge on the River Kwai [PAR] Tamarkan, Thailand. c. 1945. [PAR] Train crossing the wooden bridge which spanned the Mae Klong River (renamed Kwai Yai River in 1960). [PAR] Begun in October 1942, using prisoner of war (POW) labour, it was completed and operational by early February 1943. [PAR] Both the wooden and the adjacent steel bridge were subjected to numerous air raids between January and June 1945. POW labour was used to repair the wooden bridge on each occasion. Tamarkan is fifty five kilometres north of Nong Pladuk (also known as Non Pladuk), or five kilometres north of Kanchanaburi. (Donor A. Mackinnon) [PAR] Tamarkan, Thailand. c. October 1945. [PAR] Located fifty five kilometres north of Nong Pladuk (also known as Non Pladuk), 359 kilometres south of Thanbyuzayat, and five kilometres north of Kanchanaburi (Kanburi). [PAR] The photograph shows the two bridges built by the Japanese, using prisoner of war (POW) labour, which spanned the Mae Klong river (renamed Kwa Yai river in 1960).The wooden trestle bridge was completed in February 1943, and the steel bridge in April 1943. [PAR] This eleven span bridge had been dismantled by the Japanese and brought to Tamarkan from Java in 1942. Both bridges wee subjected to numerous attacks by Allied aircraft during the period December 1944 to June 1945. One span of the steel bridge was destroyed in a raid mid February 1945. Two more spans were dropped during raids between April and June 1945. (cont'd below) [PAR] Aerial photograph of the Bridge over the River Kwai, Thailand, severely damaged by aerial bombing. [PAR] The Bridge on the River Kwai, the movie [PAR] The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), the memorable, epic World War II adventure/action, anti-war drama, was the first of director David Lean's major multi-million dollar, wide-screen super-spectaculars (his later epics included Lawrence of Arabia (1962) and Doctor Zhivago (1965)). [PAR] The screenplay was based upon French author Pierre Boulle's 1954 novel of the same name. [Boulle was better known for his screenplay for Planet of the Apes (1963).] Although he received sole screenplay credit, other deliberately uncredited, blacklisted co-scripting authors (exiled Carl Foreman - who scripted High Noon (1952) - and Michael Wilson) had collaborated with him, but were denied elibigility. They were post-humously credited years later, in late 1984, in a special Academy ceremony. [When the film was restored, the names of Wilson and Foreman were added to the credits.] [PAR] Col. Shears (Alec Guinness) in The Bridge on the River Kwai. [PAR] [The film's story was loosely based on a true World War II incident, and the real-life character of Lieutenant Colonel Philip Toosey. One of a number of Allied POW's, Toosey was in charge of his men from late 1942 through May 1943 when they were ordered to build two Kwai River bridges in Burma (one of steel, one of wood), to help move Japanese supplies and troops from Bangkok to Rangoon. [PAR] In reality, the actual bridge took 8 months to build (rather than two months), and they were actually used for two years, and were only destroyed two years after their construction - in late June 1945. The memoirs of the 'real' Colonel Nicholson were compiled into a 1991 book by Peter Davies entitled The Man Behind the Bridge.] [PAR] The film was the number one box-office success of the year (the highest grossing film) and it won critical acclaim as well - eight Academy Award nominations and seven Academy Awards: Best"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Face/Off (1997) - IMDb Face/Off (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In order to foil an extortion plot, an FBI agent undergoes a face-transplant surgery and assumes the identity and physical appearance of a ruthless terrorist, but the plan turns from bad to worse when the same criminal impersonates the cop. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 02 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 25 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 31 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 25 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 23 Sep 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Face/Off \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 11 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Newly paroled ex-con and former U.S. Ranger Cameron Poe finds himself trapped in a prisoner transport plane when the passengers seize control. [PAR] Director: Simon West [PAR] A mild-mannered chemist and an ex-con must lead the counterstrike when a rogue group of military men, led by a renegade general, threaten a nerve gas attack from Alcatraz against San Francisco. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] A retired master car thief must come back to the industry and steal 50 cars with his crew in one night to save his brother's life. [PAR] Director: Dominic Sena [PAR] A young police officer must prevent a bomb exploding aboard a city bus by keeping its speed above 50 mph. [PAR] Director: Jan de Bont [PAR] Two hip detectives protect a murder witness while investigating a case of stolen heroin. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] An arms dealer confronts the morality of his work as he is being chased by an Interpol agent. [PAR] Director: Andrew Niccol [PAR] A lawyer becomes a target by a corrupt politician and his NSA goons when he accidentally receives key evidence to a serious politically motivated crime. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] Two loose-cannon narcotics cops investigate the flow of Ecstasy into Florida. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] An exceptionally adept Florida lawyer is offered a job to work in New York City for a high-end law firm with a high-end boss - the biggest opportunity of his career to date. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] A loyal and dedicated Hong Kong inspector teams up with a reckless and loudmouthed LAPD detective to rescue the Chinese Consul's kidnapped daughter, while trying to arrest a dangerous crime lord along the way. [PAR] Director: Brett Ratner [PAR] Hijackers seize the plane carrying the President of the United States and his family, but he - an ex-soldier - works from hiding to defeat them. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] Carter and Lee head to Hong Kong for vacation, but become embroiled in a counterfeit money scam. [PAR] Director: Brett Ratner [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Sean Archer, a very tough, rugged FBI Agent. Who is still grieving for his dead son Michael. Archer believes that his son's killer is his sworn enemy, a very powerful criminal, Castor Troy. One day,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Popeye - Trailer - YouTube Popeye - Trailer - YouTube [PAR] Popeye - Trailer [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 4, 2012 [PAR] Based on the long-running comic strip created by E.C. Segar (and less on the animated cartoons created by Max Fleischer, which were decidedly different in tone and approach), Popeye follows the sailor man with the mighty arms (played by Robin Williams in his first major film role) as he arrives in the seaside community of Sweethaven in search of his long-lost father. Popeye meets and quickly falls for the slender Olive Oyl (Shelley Duvall, in the role she was born to play), but Olive's hand has already been promised to the hulking Bluto (Paul Smith), of whom Olive can say little except, well, he's large. Eventually, Popeye and Olive are brought together by Swee' Pea (Wesley Ivan Hurt), an adorable foundling, and Popeye finally meets his dad, Poopdeck Pappy (Ray Walston). Director Robert Altman in no way tempered his trademark style for this big-budget family opus, crowding the screen with a variety of characters and allowing his cast to overlap as much dialogue as they want. [PAR] License[DOC] [TLE] Popeye by Bud Sagendorf (Dailies) & Hy Eisman (Sundays ... Popeye by Bud Sagendorf (Dailies) & Hy Eisman (Sundays) - Popeye Comic Strip | Comics Kingdom [PAR] About this Comic The Authors The Characters [PAR] He's short, balding, ornery and downright ugly by anyone's standards. But countless numbers of fans have grown up admiring and identifying with this unpretentious hero since his introduction to the public in 1929. With one of his cartoons airing somewhere in the world nearly every minute of every day, Popeye remains one of the most widely recognized and best-loved personalities ever. [PAR] Popeye is an underdog with a long fuse and a keen sense of fair play. Everyone identifies with him when he finally says, \"Tha's all I can stands, and I can't stands no more!\" And it seems only fitting that our most unlikely hero would fall for the least likely of sex symbols: Olive Oyl. Flat as a board, with a pickle-shaped nose and fickle heart to match, Popeye's \"goil\" puts him through his paces. Her only real competition is spinach. [PAR] Popeye made his first public appearance Jan. 17, 1929, in Elzie Segar's then 10-year-old comic strip, Thimble Theatre, which originally revolved around Olive Oyl's family. Although he was introduced as a minor walk-on character, Popeye quickly \"muskled\" his way into the limelight and eclipsed the older characters to become the star of Thimble Theatre. With Popeye came a host of new, off-beat funny folks such as Swee'Pea, the \"infink\" Popeye adopted; J. Wellington Wimpy, the world's most hamburger-obsessed moocher; and Brutus, the hairy \"heavy\" with the glass jaw. [PAR] Segar had a genius for creating strong, memorable characters the entire world knows and loves. \"Not even Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse or Warner Bros.' Bugs Bunny can top Popeye in the high profile department ... (because) both the Rodent and the Wabbit have known long stretches of inactivity between film appearances ... (but) the monocular seafarer has seldom been caught without a new adventure in the works,\" wrote Michael H. Price of The New York Times News Service. [PAR] Popeye made the jump to the silver screen in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Autism on film: can cinema get it right? | Film | The Guardian Autism on film: can cinema get it right? | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Film blog [PAR] Autism on film: can cinema get it right? [PAR] Variety critic Leslie Felperin responded to her son's diagnosis by watching every movie about autism she could find [PAR] Rain Man ... cinema's most famous portrait of an autist \u2013 starring Dustin Hoffman, right, as savant Raymond Babbitt \u2013 is also one of its least accurate [PAR] Monday 4 April 2011 11.24 EDT [PAR] First published on Monday 4 April 2011 11.24 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Some parents go into understandable denial when confronted with the evidence that their child is on the autism spectrum, and some become consumed with a zealous need to seek a cure or ameliorate the symptoms with therapies. Given my profession, my way of dealing with our three-year-old son's diagnosis of an autistic spectrum condition (ASC) has been to try and understand the condition as best I could through reading books and watching movies about people with autism. So for the last two years, my husband Tom and I have been working our way \u2013 frequently in tears, sometimes laughing with recognition \u2013 through as many features and documentaries about people with the condition as we could source. It seems to me from where I'm sitting (on the sofa and in the cinemas) that there are far more, and many more varied, cinematic depictions of autism than there ever were before. No doubt this has something to do with the fact that, now, the condition is much more frequently diagnosed. [PAR] We started our home autism film festival, naturally enough, with Barry Levinson's Oscar-winner Rain Man . For many people \u2013 myself included \u2013 this was their first exposure to the notion of autism, and back in 1988 I was rather impressed with it. Now, having been a film critic for 20-odd years, and more importantly after learning so much about ASC, the film seems deeply flawed \u2013 both aesthetically (it's more mawkish and slow-moving than I remembered) and in terms of how it treats the condition, promulgating as it does the very misleading notion that people with autism are likely to be savants with incredible memory skills, when the vast majority of them aren't. [PAR] Even more irksome is the way the main function of the story's autistic character, played by Dustin Hoffman, is to serve as a vehicle for delivering redemption \u2013 and, due to aptitude at card counting , a big bag of blackjack money to Tom Cruise as his shallow, car-dealer brother. Several other films have deployed autistic characters in a similar way \u2013 as quasi-holy innocents whose narrative function is to inspire those around them to be better people. There's Nell (1994), for example, in which Jodie Foster's autistic backwoods woman helps Liam Neeson and Natasha Richardson, playing her doctors, fall in love. Snow Cake (2006), in which Sigourney Weaver's high-functioning autistic inspires Alan Rickman to get over grief for his dead son, is slightly less cringe-inducing than Nell, thanks largely to Weaver's more credible, tics-and-all portrait. [PAR] But something has seemed to shift seismically in the last five years or so, and people on the spectrum can now feature as proper protagonists, with the condition no longer their only defining characteristic. In the case of Bollywood megahit My Name Is Khan (2010), Shahrukh Kahn's title character's Muslim faith is just as important, and as much an engine for the film's baroque melodrama, as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leicester Square - London Landmarks - High Definition (HD ... Leicester Square - London Landmarks - High Definition (HD) YouTube Video - YouTube [PAR] Leicester Square - London Landmarks - High Definition (HD) YouTube Video [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 17, 2012 [PAR] Leicester Square is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London, England. The Square lies within an area bound by Lisle Street , to the north; Charing Cross Road, to the east; Orange Street, to the south; and Whitcomb Street, to the west. The park at the centre of the Square is bound by Cranbourn Street, to the north; Leicester Street, to the east; Irving Street, to the south; and a section of road designated simply as Leicester Square, to the west. It is within the City of Westminster, and about equal distances (about 400 yards / 370 metres) north of Trafalgar Square, east of Piccadilly Circus, west of Covent Garden, and south of Cambridge Circus. [PAR] The Square is named after Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, who purchased four acres (1.6 hectares) in St. Martin's Field in 1630; by 1635, he had built himself a large house, Leicester House, at the northern end. The area in front of the house was then enclosed, depriving inhabitants of St Martin in the Fields parish of their right to use the previously common land. The parishioners appealed to King Charles I, and he appointed three members of the Privy Council to arbitrate. Lord Leicester was ordered to keep part of his land (thereafter known as Leicester Field and later as Leicester Square) open for the parishioners. [PAR] The area was developed in the 1670s. It was initially fashionable and Leicester House was once residence of Frederick, Prince of Wales but by the late 18th century, the Square was no longer a smart address and began to serve as a venue for popular entertainments. [PAR] By the 19th century, Leicester Square was known as an entertainment venue, with many amusements peculiar to the era, including Wyld's Great Globe, which was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851 and housed a giant scale map of the Earth. Several hotels grew up around the square, making it popular with visitors to London. The Alhambra, a large theatre built in 1854, dominated the site, to be joined in 1884 by the Empire Theatre of Varieties. The square remains the heart of the West End entertainment district today. [PAR] In the middle of the Square is a small park, in the centre of which is a 19th century statue of William Shakespeare surrounded by dolphins. The four corner gates of the park have one bust each, depicting Sir Isaac Newton, the scientist; Sir Joshua Reynolds, the first President of the Royal Academy; John Hunter, a pioneer of surgery; and William Hogarth, the painter. The most recent addition is a statue of film star and director Charlie Chaplin. On the pavement are inscribed the distances in miles to countries of the former British Empire. [PAR] Leicester Square is the centre of London's cinema land, and one of the signs marking the Square bears the legend \"Theatreland\". It is claimed that the Square contains the cinema with the largest screen and the cinema with the most seats (over 1600). The square"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Thomas Crown Affair Reviews & Ratings - IMDb The Thomas Crown Affair Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 82 out of 101 people found the following review useful: [PAR] A classy piece of work [PAR] from Finland [PAR] 9 January 2004 [PAR] Forget all the explosions, car chases, crazy villains, special effects... The Thomas Crown Affair is not an action movie. It\u00b4s not even a thriller. Instead, it\u00b4s a well-done cat-and-mouse movie that\u00b4s smart, entertaining and very sexy. If you had to use one word to describe the film it would have to be sophisticated. The movie might appeal more to mature audiences as both the leading man and the leading lady are over 40 years old. Pierce Brosnan can obviously do other roles beside James Bond, but the role of Thomas Crown is at least somewhat similar to 007. Both guys \"enjoy women\" and are very suave. Overall, Brosnan gives a solid performance and is overshadowed only by Rene Russo who simply oozes sexuality and class. She is simply perfect in her role and though she\u00b4s twice as old as I am I find her a real knockout. Not only is she extremely hot, but also a very talented and charismatic actress. A perfect combination! The classy dance scene between Brosnan and Russo belongs to the most sexually-charged scenes in history and the following love-making scene manages to be both sexy and stylish. Usually nude scenes in Hollywood movies seem somehow \"uneasy\", but in this movie the scene is done in real style and with sensual music the atmosphere is sizzling. Who would want a disposable bimbo like Britney Spears when you could have a real class-act woman like Rene Russo? I would also like to mention Bill Conti whose simple yet refined music is simply outstanding. Just listen to the music during the scene in which Crown and Banning go glider flying... You can just close your eyes and listen to this wonderful music. Now I have to find the soundtrack for this film! I guess I should mention that I\u00b4ve never seen the original Thomas Crown, but now I don\u00b4t even have to bother as its updated version is a true pleasure to watch. I have nothing negative to say about it so just go get this film on DVD and enjoy! [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 76 out of 92 people found the following review useful: [PAR] \"Thomas\" is the \"Crown\" Jewel for your collection... SEE IT! [PAR] from Attleboro, MA [PAR] 4 May 2001 [PAR] This DVD was an impulse buy, pure and simple. My wife and I like Pierce Brosnan, and I have enjoyed Renee Russo's other works, so what did I have to lose? Only my mind! This film was positively one of the most enjoyable, nail-biting, suspenseful romantic capers ever made. [PAR] A remake of the steamy 1968 Steve McQueen flick updated to the sleek and self-referential 90s, \"Thomas Crown\" features Brosnan as the title character - a bored billionaire businessman in the business of \"acquisitions\". For a thrill, he heists an extremely valuable Monet from the New York Museum right under the noses of security guards, cops, and about a thousand unsuspecting museum-goers. Renee Russo is the very sexy, very worldly Catherine Banning, whose insurance company underwrites the painting - and she is determined to get it back at any cost... But the cost just may be her soul as she woos, and then falls under the spell of the enigmatic Crown. Will Russo discover the location of the Monet? Will she"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Annie Porter - Die Hard scenario Wiki - Wikia Annie Porter | Die Hard scenario Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] She was portrayed by Sandra Bullock . [PAR] Speed [PAR] Edit [PAR] The morning after Los Angeles SWAT operatives Jack Traven and his partner Harry Temple are honored for their heroics with dealing with a revenge-driven extortionist, who held an elevator full of innocents hostage with explosives and seemingly killed himself, Jack witnesses the destruction of a Santa Monica Transit commuter bus, which kills its driver, who was also his friend. Answering a nearby ringing payphone, Jack discovers the bomber had faked his death and had a backup plan. The bomber informs him that another bus is rigged with a bomb that will activate when the bus exceeds 50 miles per hour and then will detonate when it falls below that, demanding a $3.7 million ransom to deactivate the device, and warns that he will set it off himself if Jack tries to remove the passengers. We then see Annie trying to catch the bus, driven by her friend Sam, who tells her that he doesn't allow cigarettes on his bus. She puts it out and gets in just in time, sitting right in front of an obnoxious Wisconsin tourist named Larry, who annoys her so much that she takes the gum out of her mouth and acts like she found it on her seat so she can get away from him. She then sits next to an old woman named Helen who makes small talk by saying that she likes the bus because it is more relaxing than having to sit through stressful traffic. Annie responds that she misses her car. At this time, Jack races to catch up to the bus and manages to get on, but only after it passes 50 miles per hour. Annie sees Jack and tells Sam not to let him on. [PAR] While Jack explains the situation to the driver Sam, a paranoid passenger, thinking Jack is there to arrest him, threatens Jack with a gun and fires, striking Sam in the arm by accident while being subdued. Annie takes over as Sam is cared for while Jack restrains the paranoid passenger and informs the rest of the situation. With advice from the police, Jack has Annie drive the bus off the busy freeway, through city streets, and eventually onto an incomplete 105 Freeway devoid of traffic. The police soon arrive to escort the bus, while news helicopters fly overhead and report on the story. [PAR] Jack, with the help of the passengers, is able to describe the bomb on the undercarriage to Harry; Harry focuses on a cheap gold watch that is part of the bomb's mechanism. Jack convinces the bomber to allow them to offload Sam to a police flatbed truck to get medical attention; but Helen, who cannot stand to stay on the bus any longer, attempts to follow. Unfortunately, the bomber sees Helen trying to escape and detonates a smaller bomb under the bus's stairs, sending her to the pavement where she is crushed by its tires. Jack assumes the bomber is monitoring the situation, and has the trailing helicopters cleared out. [PAR] The police discover that the incomplete freeway has a gap in an overpass, and Jack directs Annie to go at full speed, allowing them to clear it. Shortly after, he sees they are close to Los Angeles International Airport, and directs Annie to it; its tarmac will give them enough clear space to drive while the news helicopters cannot enter the airspace."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] May Day - James Bond Wiki - Wikia May Day | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] May Day: \"And I thought that creep loved me!\" [PAR] James Bond: \"You're not the only one he double-crossed.\" [PAR] \u2015May Day and James Bond. [src] [PAR] May Day is a fictional bodyguard and enforcer employed by Max Zorin and acts as the secondary antagonist of the 1985 James Bond film A View to a Kill . An original character, created specifically for the film, she was portrayed by actress Grace Jones . The character also appeared in the 1985 video-game adaption of the film, as well as the games The Duel (1993), GoldenEye 007 (1997) and Nightfire (2002). [PAR] Film biography [PAR] May Day is the henchwoman and lover of chief villain Max Zorin. She is portrayed as the head of an all-female group of guards for Zorin and the secondary antagonist. She also has superhuman strength; in one scene, she lifts a man over her head with no apparent effort. [PAR] She first appears in the film wearing a red nun-like suit when she was trying to steady Zorin's horse, Pegasus . [PAR] Early in the film, she kills Bond 's French contact using a poisoned stage prop. Bond then goes on a chase to try to track her down. She first climbs the Eiffel Tower, with Bond in pursuit, and then parachutes from the structure. Bond then tries to follow her in a car, but she eventually gets away. [PAR] May Day and Bond next encounter one another at Zorin's horse farm during his annual thoroughbred sale. May Day then sleeps with Bond but shortly afterwards, she kills Bond's MI6 companion Sir Godfrey Tibbett while he is taking a Rolls-Royce through a car wash, She also participates in attempting to drown Bond in said car, later kills his CIA contact Chuck Lee , and participates in the murder of Zorin's stooge at San Francisco City Hall, Howe . [PAR] Zorin's ultimate \"business plan\" is eventually revealed as an operation to monopolize the American computerchip market. To this purpose, he prepares to flood a mine near Silicon Valley which he is using in his scheme to destroy the region. After infiltrating the mine and learning the details of the plan, Bond and companion Stacey Sutton try to escape, but May Day, Jenny Flex and Pan Ho take up pursuit. Sutton gets away, but when Zorin floods the mine, Bond and May Day are swept away by the floodwaters. [PAR] May Day realizes that Zorin abandoned her to die, and she and Bond put aside their differences for the sake of survival. Once the waters start to subside, the two proceed to the fault where Zorin has set a bomb whose detonation would cause a massive earthquake that would lead to the flooding of Silicon Valley. May Day uses her strength to help Bond recover the bomb and put it on a handcar to send it out of the mine. However, the brakes on the car unexpectedly activate, blocking the car, so May Day decides to stay on the car and hold the brakes open. Bond tries to get her to jump and save herself, but she defies him, giving him one last request, \"Get Zorin for me!\" [PAR] As Zorin and his remaining henchmen are sitting in an airship over San Francisco Bay, looking at the culmination of their plan, they suddenly see May Day exiting the mine with the bomb. Upon noticing the blimp, May Day casts Zorin a last defiant stare. The bomb then"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shirley Valentine (1989) - IMDb Shirley Valentine (1989) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Shirley's a middle-aged Liverpool housewife, who finds herself talking to the wall while she prepares her husband's chip'n'egg, wondering what happened to her life. She compares scenes in ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 13 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 21 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 19 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 16 Mar 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Shirley Valentine \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 4 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Shirley's a middle-aged Liverpool housewife, who finds herself talking to the wall while she prepares her husband's chip'n'egg, wondering what happened to her life. She compares scenes in her current life with what she used to be like and feels she's stagnated and in a rut. But when her best friend wins an all-expenses-paid vacation to Greece for two, Shirley begins to see the world, and herself, in a different light. Written by Kathy Li [PAR] No one thought she had the courage. The nerve. Or the lingerie. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 30 August 1989 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Shirley Valentine - Auf Wiedersehen, mein lieber Mann See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Breakthrough film role of English actress Pauline Collins . See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] In the US version of the film, when Gillian encounters Shirley choosing underwear for her holiday the phrase \"garter belt\" is dubbed over the words \"suspender belt\". See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Shirley Valentine : Hiya Wall. [PAR] [to the camera] [PAR] Shirley Valentine : Well what's wrong with that? There's a woman three doors down talks to her microwave. Talking to a microwave! Wall, what's the world coming to ? [PAR] (New York, NY) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] I certainly had no trouble relating to Shirley Valentine. In fact, in a lot of this movie, I thought she was talking straight from my head. She sees the humour in all the humdrum b.s. of life, and comes out triumphant. Excellent job by director Lewis Gilbert in adapting one-woman show into a movie that did not feel the least bit claustrophobic. Highly imaginative. I've seen it 3 times now, and will watch again the next time it's on: 10/10. [PAR] 24 of 26 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Black woman wins Oscar for best actress | African ... First Black woman wins Oscar for best actress | African American Registry [PAR] First Black woman wins Oscar for best actress [PAR] Halle Berry [PAR] Date: [PAR] Sun, 2002-03-24 [PAR] *On this date in 2002, the first Black woman won the Academy Award for best actress. Halle Berry received the honor for her role in \"Monster\u2019s Ball\" the award left the star in tears and unable to speak for nearly a minute. \"This moment is so much bigger than me,\" she finally choked out, ticking off the names of other Black actresses. Given the sign to wrap up her acceptance speech at the 74th annual Oscars, she protested, \"This is 74 years here; I\u2019ve got to take this time.\" Berry went on to say \"This moment is for all the nameless, faceless women of color who now have a chance because this door tonight has been opened.\" [PAR] On the same night, Black actor Denzel Washington won for Best Actor from the movie \u201cTraining Day,\u201d making him the second African-American to win such an award from the Academy of Fine Arts award. After receiving the award, Washington mentioned: \"Forty years I\u2019ve been chasing Sidney (Poitier). They finally give it to me, and they give it to him the same night.\" [PAR] Reference:[DOC] [TLE] The Complex History of African Americans and the Academy ... The Complex History of African Americans and the Academy Awards | The Huffington Post [PAR] The Complex History of African Americans and the Academy Awards [PAR] 02/26/2014 11:02 am ET | Updated Apr 28, 2014 [PAR] Elwood D. Watson Professor of history, African-American studies and gender studies, East Tennessee State University [PAR] In July 2013, Cheryl Boone Isaacs, an American film marketing executive was named president of the Academy of Motion Pictures of Arts and Sciences. (AMPAS). She was the first black American (and only third woman after actresses Bette Davis and Fay Kanin) to be selected to head such a prestigious organization. Several decades earlier in 1939, Hattie McDaniel became the first black person to win an Oscar for her performance in the classic movie Gone With the Wind. Her victory was a bittersweet one in the fact that her speech was prepared for her and she and her guests were forced to set in a segregated section of the building where the event took place. These two similar yet, distinctive examples are representative of the complex relationship between black Americans and the Oscars. [PAR] From its origin as a small dinner party of a few actors and actresses, movie executives and producers in 1927, it soon moved to ceremony status in 1929. Along with fellow ceremonies such as the Miss America Pageant, the Super Bowl, the Grammys, etc. has remained one of the most popular and watch annual events by Americans as well as viewers throughout the entire world. It has captivated millions. [PAR] Throughout its existence, the African American community has had an ambiguous relationship with the Academy Awards. While the selections of McDaniel and Boone-Isaacs as best supporting actress and Academy president were/are significant by any standard and well applauded, the history of blacks and the Academy has been somewhat complex. It was not until a decade later in 1949 that another black actress, Ethel Waters was nominated for best supporting actress for her performance in the movie Pinky. Unlike McDaniel, Waters was unsuccessful in her quest to win an Academy Award. She lost to fellow Pinky co-star Jeanne Crain. In 1954, jaw-droppingly beautiful Dorothy Dandridge was the first black"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) - IMDb Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Lara Croft: Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] Video game adventuress Lara Croft comes to life in a movie where she races against time and villains to recover powerful ancient artifacts. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Visit IMDb Picks [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 23 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 18 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 19 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 03 Dec 2014 [PAR] Title: Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) [PAR] 5.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Adventuress Lara Croft goes on a quest to save the mythical Pandora's Box before an evil scientist and recruits a former Marine turned mercenary to assist her. [PAR] Director: Jan de Bont [PAR] A CIA agent goes on the run after a defector accuses her of being a Russian spy. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] A frustrated office worker learns that he is the son of a professional assassin, and that he shares his father's superhuman killing abilities. [PAR] Director: Timur Bekmambetov [PAR] The mummified body of Imhotep is shipped to a museum in London, where he once again wakes and begins his campaign of rage and terror. [PAR] Director: Stephen Sommers [PAR] A desert warrior rises up against the evil army that is destroying his homeland. He captures the enemy's key sorcerer, takes her deep into the desert and prepares for a final showdown. [PAR] Director: Chuck Russell [PAR] An American serving in the French Foreign Legion on an archaeological dig at the ancient city of Hamunaptra accidentally awakens a mummy. [PAR] Director: Stephen Sommers [PAR] A retired master car thief must come back to the industry and steal 50 cars with his crew in one night to save his brother's life. [PAR] Director: Dominic Sena [PAR] Revolves around Frank, an American tourist visiting Italy to mend a broken heart. Elise is an extraordinary woman who deliberately crosses his path. [PAR] Director: Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck [PAR] Stars: Johnny Depp, Angelina Jolie, Paul Bettany [PAR] Three women, detectives with a mysterious boss, retrieve stolen voice-ID software, using martial arts, tech skills, and sex appeal. [PAR] Director: McG [PAR] A bored married couple is surprised to learn that they are both assassins hired by competing agencies to kill each other. [PAR] Director: Doug Liman [PAR] Despite trying to keep his swashbuckling to a minimum, a threat to California's pending statehood causes the adventure-loving Alejandro de la Vega (Banderas) -- and his wife, Elena (Zeta-Jones) -- to take action. [PAR] Director: Martin Campbell [PAR] A demon, raised from infancy after being conjured by and rescued from the Nazis, grows up to become a defender against the forces of darkness. [PAR] Director: Guillermo del Toro [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A member of a rich British aristocratic family, Lara Croft is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Warren Beatty - Biography - IMDb Warren Beatty - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Warren Beatty [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 119 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (84) | Personal Quotes (17) | Salary (9) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Since starring in his first film, Splendor in the Grass (1961), Warren Beatty has been said to have demonstrated a greater longevity in movies than any actor of his generation. Few people have taken so many responsibilities for all phases of the production of films as producer, director, writer, and actor, and few have evidenced so high a level of integrity in a body of work. [PAR] In Rules Don't Apply (2016), he writes, produces, directs and stars in. Only Beatty and Orson Welles (Citizen Kane) have been nominated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as an actor, a director, a writer, and a producer for the same film. Beatty is the only person ever to have done it twice, for Heaven Can Wait (1978) and again for Reds (1981). Beatty has been nominated 15 times by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, and 8 films he has produced have earned 53 Academy nominations. In 1982 he won the Academy Award for Directing and in 2000 was given the Academy's highest honor, the Irving G. Thalberg Award. [PAR] He was awarded Best Director from the Directors Guild of America and Best Writer three times from the Writers Guild of America. He has received the Milestone Award from the Producers Guild, the Board of Governors Award from the American Society of Cinematographers, the Directors Award from the Costume Designers Guild, the Life Achievement Award from the Publicists Guild, and the Outstanding Contribution to Cinematic Imagery Award from the Art Directors Guild. The National Association of Theater Owners has honored him as Director of the Year, as Producer of the Year and as Actor of the Year. [PAR] He has won 16 awards from the New York and Los Angeles Film Critics, the National Board of Review, and the Golden Globes. In 1992, he was made a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in France; in Italy he received the David di Donatello award in 1968 and again in 1981 and its Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998; in 2001, he received the Donostia Lifetime Achievement Award from the San Sebastian International Film Festival; in 2002, he received the British Academy Fellowship from BAFTA; and in 2011, he was awarded the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film. [PAR] In December 2004, Beatty received The Kennedy Center Honor in Washington, D.C. In addition, he is the recipient of the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award, the HFPA Cecile B. DeMille Award and many others. Politically active since the 1960's, Beatty campaigned with Robert F. Kennedy in his 1968 presidential campaign. That same year he traveled throughout the United States speaking in favor of gun control and against the war in Vietnam. In 1972 he took a year off from motion pictures to campaign with George McGovern. [PAR] In 1981, Beatty was a founding board member of the Center for National Policy. He is a founding member of The Progressive Majority, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and has participated in the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland. [PAR] Beatty serves on the Board of Directors of the Motion Picture and Television Fund Foundation. He previously served on the Board of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meryl Streep stars in Sophie\u2019s Choice - Dec 08, 1982 ... Meryl Streep stars in Sophie\u2019s Choice - Dec 08, 1982 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Meryl Streep stars in Sophie\u2019s Choice [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Meryl Streep stars in Sophie\u2019s Choice [PAR] Author [PAR] Meryl Streep stars in Sophie\u2019s Choice [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1982, Sophie\u2019s Choice, starring the actress Meryl Streep as a Holocaust survivor, opens in theaters. Directed by Alan J. Pakula (All The President\u2019s Men, The Pelican Brief) and based on a 1979 novel of the same name by William Styron, Sophie\u2019s Choice co-starred Kevin Kline and Peter MacNicol. The \u201cchoice\u201d in the film\u2019s title refers to a terrible decision Streep\u2019s character is forced to make, about which of her two children will live or die while in a concentration camp. Streep went on to win a Best Actress Oscar for Sophie\u2019s Choice, firmly establishing herself as one of the greatest actresses of her generation in Hollywood. To date, she has received more Academy Award nominations than any other actor in history. [PAR] Streep, who was born on June 22, 1949, in Summit, New Jersey, studied drama at Vassar College and received a master\u2019s degree in fine arts from the Yale University School of Drama. She made her big-screen debut with a small role in 1977\u2019s Julia, starring Jane Fonda and Vanessa Redgrave. Streep received her first Academy Award nomination, in the Best Supporting Actress category, for her second film, 1978\u2019s The Deer Hunter. The Vietnam War-era drama co-starred Robert DeNiro and Christopher Walken. [PAR] Streep won her first Academy Award, in the Supporting Actress category, for 1979\u2019s Kramer vs. Kramer, co-starring Dustin Hoffman and Justin Henry. In the film, which also earned Oscars for Best Picture and Best Actor (Hoffman), Streep played a woman who leaves her husband and young son in order to find herself. Two years later, she was again nominated for a Best Actress Oscar for her role in The French Lieutenant\u2019s Woman (1981), with Jeremy Irons. The year after Streep won an Oscar for Sophie\u2019s Choice, she received her third Best Actress nomination for her performance as a whistle blower at a nuclear power plant in Silkwood (1983), with Cher and Kurt Russell. [PAR] Streep, who became known for her ability to change her accent and appearance to fit her roles, was nominated for Best Actress again for 1985\u2019s Out of Africa, with Robert Redford; 1987\u2019s Ironweed, with Jack Nicholson; and 1988\u2019s A Cry in the Dark, which features the now-famous line \u201cThe dingo\u2019s got my baby.\u201d During the 1990s, she racked up four more Best Actress Oscar nods, for Postcards from the Edge (1990), with Shirley MacLaine; The Bridges of Madison County (1995), with Clint Eastwood; One True Thing (1998), with Renee Zellweger and William Hurt; and Music of the Heart (1999), with Angela Bassett and Gloria Estefan. Streep received her record-breaking 13th Oscar nomination, more than any other performer, for her supporting role in Adaptation (2002). More recently, Streep received her 17th Oscar nomination for her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady (2012), which also earned Streep her third Oscar win. [PAR] Streep, who has been married to sculptor Don Gummer since 1978, has four children. Her daughter Mamie Gummer has followed in her mother\u2019s footsteps and become an actress, appearing in such movies as 2007\u2019s Evening and 2008\u2019s Stop-Loss. [PAR] Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! [PAR] Get This Day In History every morning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) - Quotes - IMDb Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) - Quotes - IMDb [PAR] Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) [PAR] Share this: Facebook | Twitter | Permalink Hide options [PAR] John Connor : No, no, no, no. You gotta listen to the way people talk. You don't say \"affirmative,\" or some shit like that. You say \"no problemo.\" And if someone comes on to you with an attitude you say \"eat me.\" And if you want to shine them on it's \"hasta la vista, baby.\" [PAR] The Terminator : Hasta la vista, baby. [PAR] John Connor : Yeah but later, dickwad. And if someone gets upset you say, \"chill out\"! Or you can do combinations. [PAR] The Terminator : Chill out, dickwad. [PAR] John Connor : Great! See, you're getting it! [PAR] The Terminator : I need your clothes, your boots and your motorcycle. [PAR] Cigar Biker : You forgot to say please... [PAR] The Terminator : Pain causes it? [PAR] John Connor : No, it's when there's nothing wrong with you, but you hurt anyway. You get it? [PAR] John Connor : Todd and Janelle are dicks, but I've gotta warn them. You got a quarter? [PAR] [the Terminator smashes into the coin bin and hands John a quarter] [PAR] John Connor : Yeah. Is everything all right? Are you guys okay? [PAR] Janelle Voight : Sure, honey, everything's okay. Are you all right? [PAR] John Connor : Yeah, I'm fine. [PAR] Janelle Voight : John, it's late. Honey, I was beginning to worry about you. If you hurry home, we can sit down and have dinner together. I'm making beef stew. [PAR] John Connor : [holds his hand over the phone] Something's wrong. She's never this nice. [PAR] Janelle Voight : John, where are you? [PAR] Todd Voight : [hearing Max barking outside] What the hell is that goddamn dog barking at? [PAR] Todd Voight : [shouting at Max] Hey! Shut up you worthless piece of shit! [PAR] John Connor : [to himself] The dog's really barking... [PAR] Todd Voight : Thought you were gonna tell the kid to get rid of that fucking mutt. [PAR] Janelle Voight : [uses her arm to kill Todd] John, honey, it's late. Please don't make me worry. [PAR] John Connor : [to Terminator, hand over the phone] Could it already be there? [PAR] Janelle Voight : Honey, are you okay? [PAR] The Terminator : [takes the phone from John and impersonates his voice] I'm right here. I'm fine. [PAR] Janelle Voight : Are you sure? Are you sure you're all right? [PAR] The Terminator : [to John; normal voice] What's the dog's name? [PAR] The Terminator : [impersonating John's voice] Hey Janelle, what's wrong with Wolfie? I can hear him barking. Is he all right? [PAR] Janelle Voight : Wolfie's fine, honey. Wolfie's just fine. Where are you? [PAR] The Terminator : [hangs up the phone] Your foster parents are dead.[DOC] [TLE] 'Hasta la vista' - meaning and origin of this phrase 'Hasta la vista' - the meaning and origin of this phrase [PAR] Hasta la vista [PAR] Translated from the Spanish - 'see you later'. [PAR] Origin [PAR] This phrase has of course been in everyday use in Spanish-speaking countries for some time. It was used in the popular song Looking for a New Love, which was taken from Jody Watley's first album and released as a single in 1987: [PAR] My love was true [PAR] Still you threw it all away [PAR] But now you\u2019re like the rest [PAR] Unworthy of my"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mae West - Wikiquote Mae West - Wikiquote [PAR] Mae West [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Why don't you come up sometime and see me? [PAR] When I'm good, I'm very good. When I'm bad, I'm better. [PAR] When you got the personality, you don't need the nudity. [PAR] Goodness had nothing to do with it, dearie. [PAR] Response to an exclamation, \"Goodness! What lovely diamonds!\" in Night After Night (1932). She later used Goodness had nothing to do with it as the title of her autobiography (1953). [PAR] Why don't you come up sometime and see me? \u2026 Come on up, I'll tell your fortune. [PAR] She Done Him Wrong (1933) [PAR] Beulah, Peel me a grape. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] I only like two kinds of men, domestic and imported. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] When I'm good, I'm very good. When I'm bad, I'm better. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] Interview in Life magazine (18 April 1969) [PAR] It's not the men in your life that matters, it's the life in your men. [PAR] I'm No Angel (1933) [PAR] Between two evils, I generally like to pick the one I never tried before. [PAR] Klondike Annie (1936) Sometimes quoted as: \"When choosing between two evils, I always like to try the one I've never tried before.\"' [PAR] A man in the house is worth two in the street. [PAR] Belle of the Nineties [PAR] When women go wrong, men go right after them. [PAR] She Done Him Wrong [PAR] One and one is two; two and two is four; and \"five will get you ten\" if you work it right! [PAR] My Little Chickadee [PAR] I feel like a million tonight. But one at a time. [PAR] Myra Breckinridge [PAR] To a young actor: How tall are you without your horse? Six foot, seven inches. Never mind the six feet. Let's talk about the seven inches! [PAR] Myra Breckinridge [PAR] I'm the kinda girl who works for Paramount by day, and Fox all night [PAR] Sextette [PAR] To her British lover about to climb in bed with 80-something Mae: She said that she hoped soon to be able to say what Paul Revere said \u2014 'The British are coming'. This was the last one-liner Mae ever uttered on film. [PAR] Sextette [PAR] When you got the personality, you don't need the nudity. [PAR] Quoted in \"For Women, Monologues They Haven't Heard\" by Susan Pomerance, Dramaline Publications (1985) [PAR] Marriage is a fine institution, but I'm not ready for an institution. [PAR] #149 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] Give a man a free hand and he'll run it all over you. [PAR] #684 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] I've been in more laps than a napkin. [PAR] #685 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] She's the kind of girl who climbed the ladder of success wrong by wrong. [PAR] #832 in The 2,548 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (2006) by Robert Byrne [PAR] I've always had a weakness for foreign affairs.[DOC] [TLE] When I'm good, I'm very good. But when I'm bad I'm better ... When I'm good, I'm very good. But when I'm bad I'm better. - Mae West - BrainyQuote [PAR] When I'm good, I'm very good. But when I'm bad I'm better. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Mae West [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Graduate (1967) - \"Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to ... The Graduate (1967) - \"Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to seduce me. Aren't you?\" - YouTube [PAR] The Graduate (1967) - \"Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to seduce me. Aren't you?\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 5, 2009 [PAR] The famous scene from The Graduate. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crocodile Dundee (1986) - Quotes - IMDb Crocodile Dundee (1986) - Quotes - IMDb [PAR] Crocodile Dundee (1986) [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Showing all 25 items [PAR] Teenage Mugger : [Dundee and Sue are approached by a black youth stepping out from the shadows, followed by some others] You got a light, buddy? [PAR] Teenage Mugger : [flicks open switchblade] And your wallet! [PAR] Sue Charlton : [guardedly] Mick, give him your wallet. [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : [chuckles] That's not a knife. [PAR] [he pulls out a large bowie knife] [PAR] [he and his friends run off] [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : [to Sue] Just kids having fun. You all right? [PAR] Sue Charlton : [relieved] I'm always all right when I'm with you, Dundee. [PAR] Share this: Facebook | Twitter | Permalink Hide options [PAR] Richard Mason : New York City, Mr. Dundee. Home to seven million people. [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : That's incredible. Imagine seven million people all wanting to live together. Yeah, New York must be the friendliest place on earth. [PAR] Share this: Facebook | Twitter | Permalink Hide options [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : Well, you see, Aborigines don't own the land.They belong to it. It's like their mother. See those rocks? Been standing there for 600 million years. Still be there when you and I are gone. So arguing over who owns them is like two fleas arguing over who owns the dog they live on. [PAR] Share this: Facebook | Twitter | Permalink Hide options [PAR] Sue Charlton : That croc was going to eat me alive. [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : Well, I wouldn't hold that against him. Same thought crossed my mind once or twice. [PAR] Sue Charlton : [smiling in slightly bashful amusement, while still allowing herself a little quiet satisfaction from Mick's compliment that she looks \"delectable enough to eat\"] Good night, Mick. [PAR] Share this: Facebook | Twitter | Permalink Hide options [PAR] Neville Bell : [Mick has just snuck up on Nev and is holding his knife to Nev's throat] Ah, Mick! You frightened shit out of me! [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : So I oughta, mate. Sneaking up on a man when he's rendering first aid to a lady. [PAR] Neville Bell : Ah, is that what you were doing? [PAR] Share this: Facebook | Twitter | Permalink Hide options [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : [seeing a woman's shapely bare foot and lower leg seductively appear around the doorway to the washroom, and then sighing with relief after seeing that it's only Sue playfully teasing him] For a minute there, uh, \"room-service\" took on a whole new meaning. [PAR] Sue Charlton : Is it dead? [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : [looks at the crocodile with his knife in its skull] Well, if it isn't, it'll be a helluva job skinning the bastard. [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : I was sorta married once - - nice girl, good cook, biiig chest. Then I went walkabout, and when I came back, she'd gone. [PAR] Sue Charlton : How long were you gone? [PAR] Sue Charlton : Weren't you afraid? [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee : Of dying? Nah. I read The Bible once. You know God and Jesus and all them apostles? They were all fishermen, just like me. Yeah, straight to heaven for Mick Dundee. Yep, me and God, we'd be mates. [PAR] [they continue along the way followed by Mick after he had been attacked and injured by a crocodile] [PAR] Michael J. \"Crocodile\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SPECTRE Reviews - Metacritic SPECTRE Reviews - Metacritic [PAR] 10 [PAR] kaleb Nov 6, 2015 [PAR] Spectre is by far one of the best bond films ever so far. It is amazing and exciting and leave me wondering if the series can continue after it i for one would be ok if the series ended but on the other hand if the writes could think of a way to continue on james bond will return with daniel craig one more time [PAR] 27 of 67 users found this helpful2740 [PAR] 9 [PAR] vgmkyle Jan 3, 2016 [PAR] SPECTRE is SKYFALL's equal. Some may disagree, but it's one of the better Bond films not just because of Craig, and a great female lead -- but because it combines everything that is good about Bond in the first place without the need of just gadgets to progress what happens in the storyline. [PAR] 0 of 1 users found this helpful01 [PAR] 8 [PAR] Lone_Wolf_Sones Aug 7, 2016 [PAR] Spectre didn't reach the same heights that Skyfall did in my eyes; but it is still a solid Bond film in its own right. Skyfall afterall was the film that finally sold me on Craig as Bond. It was a pleasant surprise seeing a classic Bond nemesis return as well. Spectre cleverly ties together all of the Craig Bond films in a way other Bond films have never done. Craig's films have a continuity all their own and should Craig reprise the role forSpectre didn't reach the same heights that Skyfall did in my eyes; but it is still a solid Bond film in its own right. Skyfall afterall was the film that finally sold me on Craig as Bond. It was a pleasant surprise seeing a classic Bond nemesis return as well. Spectre cleverly ties together all of the Craig Bond films in a way other Bond films have never done. Craig's films have a continuity all their own and should Craig reprise the role for another film I look forward to seeing where they go next.\u2026 Expand [PAR] 0 of 0 users found this helpful00 [PAR] 6 [PAR] 43in2014 Nov 23, 2015 [PAR] Do you remember how dull Quantum of Solace (or as I call it, Question of Sports) was? In that film, Bond had disobeyed orders and went about doing his own thing. He went from Place A to Place B and so on, following a trail, killing one person then another and another, found out one of MI5 employee is a double agent and he ultimately dies. Crucially, he saved a girl, not your typical 20th century dumb bond girl but a strong-willed girl who is outDo you remember how dull Quantum of Solace (or as I call it, Question of Sports) was? In that film, Bond had disobeyed orders and went about doing his own thing. He went from Place A to Place B and so on, following a trail, killing one person then another and another, found out one of MI5 employee is a double agent and he ultimately dies. Crucially, he saved a girl, not your typical 20th century dumb bond girl but a strong-willed girl who is out for revenge, he asked her if she knows what's it like to kill a person, they go into an seemingly empty desert, end up blowing up some villains' place, etc. Well, if you have seen that film, there's not really a point to see this one! [PAR] What an utter waste of $250m to repeat the same dull stuff again. If you need further proof of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pantyhose in TV commercials \u2013 The ActSensuous blog Pantyhose in TV commercials \u2013 The ActSensuous blog [PAR] ActSensuous [PAR] Robin Maryland, president, ActSensuous [PAR] Longtime readers here know I\u2019ll come up with just about any excuse to shine the spotlight on pantyhose. Hey, that\u2019s my job ya know. [PAR] Case in point: The movie, Suicide Squad (the latest in the DC Comics films series), which appears to feature its main character, Harley Quinn, wearing fishnet pantyhose (pretty much throughout), was No. 1 for a second weekend in a row (Aug. 5 to Aug. 14), pulling in $222.6 million, according to Box Office Mojo. This, after posting an August-record $133.7 million opening. [PAR] So far, Suicide Squad has earned $466 million globally. [PAR] Notice above I wrote \u201cappears\u201d to feature its main character wearing fishnet pantyhose. That\u2019s because I haven\u2019t actually seen the movie yet. [PAR] Actress Margot Robbie plays Harley Quinn in Suicide Squad. [PAR] Still, there are many promotional photos out there, in which Australian actress Margot Robbie wears some red or purple briefs over torn fishnet pantyhose. While I am not a huge fan of fishnets, my philosophy (as you\u2019ve read here for years) is: Any kind of pantyhose are better than \u201cbear\u201d legs. [PAR] I don\u2019t know much about Margot Robbie. Check that \u2026 I don\u2019t know anything about Robbie. In fact, until I saw the TV ads for Suicide Squad and looked up the cast, I hadn\u2019t heard of her. So, I don\u2019t know whether or not she\u2019s really very pantyhose friendly, but a quick Google search seems to indicate, well, not exactly. [PAR] To her credit though, earlier this year, Robbie was photographed after landing in London from a flight out of Los Angeles, wearing a black skort (combination of skirt and shorts) with sheer black pantyhose. [PAR] Also, in a photo from Suicide Squad, it looks as if Robbie might have on sheer nude pantyhose during an interview scene, in which she wears a more business-like outfit with a white lab coat (below left). [PAR] At least on this occasion, Margot Robbie arrives earlier this year at Heathrow Airport in London, England. [PAR] At least on this occasion, Margot Robbie arrives earlier this year at Heathrow Airport in London, England. [PAR] I say she might be wearing because the picture isn\u2019t in the highest resolution and the lighting is a bit dim. [PAR] Anyway, I hope she\u2019s wearing in that scene. [PAR] As the chances of my actually going to see Suicide Squad are slim to you-must-be-joking, if you see this movie, please tell me whether Robbie is wearing in that scene. [PAR] Since I have no one who would be interested in seeing this film with me, I will wait until it arrives on the DirecTV movie channels. [PAR] Oh, and if I did go out to see this movie, I of course, would be wearing a dress, heels and sheer nude pantyhose. [PAR] Rio Olympics [PAR] Female athletes of China participate in the 2016 Rio Olympics opening ceremony in Brazil. [PAR] I was happy to see that, once again, the ladies of the China delegation wore sheer nude pantyhose during the Parade of Nations ceremony at the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [PAR] I didn\u2019t see the delegations of Japan or Korea, but a Google search showed that those nations\u2019 women did not wear pantyhose. In all fairness though, that could be because their ladies wore slacks and blazers. Haaaaaaa [PAR] All the U.S. delegation members wore white slacks and blue blazers. [PAR] Still, I love that China"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20 Classic Forrest Gump Quotes in Honor of the Film's 20th ... 20 Classic Forrest Gump Quotes in Honor of the Film's 20th Anniversary [PAR] 20 Classic Forrest Gump Quotes in Honor of the Film's 20th Anniversary [PAR] July 1, 2014 \u2013 3:05 PM [PAR] Which Country Star was the First to Ever Perform at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn? [PAR] Can you believe it\u2019s been 20 years since Forrest Gump sat on that bench and told us that \u201clife is like a box of chocolates?\u201d On July 6, 1994, the slow, but sweet character played by Tom Hanks entered theaters\u2014and our hearts. Besides being a blockbuster, the film was also critically acclaimed, winning the Academy Award for Best Picture that year, along with 13 other Oscar nominations. [PAR] Paramount will re-release Forrest Gump in IMAX theaters Sept. 5th. To hold you over until then, we\u2019ve rounded up 20 of our favorite quotes from the film. [PAR] \u201cStupid is as stupid does.\u201d \u2013 Forrest Gump [PAR] \u201cMy mama always said, \u2018Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you\u2019re gonna get.'\u201d-Forrest [PAR] \u201cRun, Forrest! Run!\u201d- Jenny Curran [PAR] \u201cYou have to do the best with what God gave you.\u201d \u2013 Mrs. Gump [PAR] \u201cMy Mama always said you\u2019ve got to put the past behind you before you can move on.\u201d \u2013 Forrest [PAR] \u201cMama always said, dying was a part of life. I sure wish it wasn\u2019t.\u201d \u2013 Forrest [PAR] \u201cListen, you promise me something, OK? Just if you\u2019re ever in trouble, don\u2019t be brave. You just run, OK? Just run away.\u201d -Jenny [PAR] \u201cWhat\u2019s normal anyways?\u201d-Forrest [PAR] \u201cMama always had a way of explaining things so I could understand them.\u201d- Forrest [PAR] Bubba: My given name is Benjamin Buford Blue, but people call me Bubba. Just like one of them ol\u2019 redneck boys. Can you believe that? [PAR] Forrest: My name\u2019s Forrest Gump. People call me Forrest Gump. [PAR] \u201cAnyway, like I was sayin\u2019, shrimp is the fruit of the sea. You can barbecue it, boil it, broil it, bake it, saute it. There\u2019s shrimp-kabobs, shrimp creole, shrimp gumbo. Pan fried, deep fried, stir-fried. There\u2019s pineapple shrimp, lemon shrimp, coconut shrimp, pepper shrimp, shrimp soup, shrimp stew, shrimp salad, shrimp and potatoes, shrimp burger, shrimp sandwich. That, that\u2019s about it.\u201d -Bubba [PAR] \u201cLieutenant Dan got me invested in some kind of fruit company [Apple computer]. So then I got a call from him, saying we don\u2019t have to worry about money no more. And I said, that\u2019s good! One less thing.\u201d -Forrest [PAR] \u201cThat day, for no particular reason, I decided to go for a little run. So I ran to the end of the road. And when I got there, I thought maybe I\u2019d run to the end of town. And when I got there, I thought maybe I\u2019d just run across Greenbow County. And I figured, since I run this far, maybe I\u2019d just run across the great state of Alabama. And that\u2019s what I did. I ran clear across Alabama. For no particular reason I just kept on going. I ran clear to the ocean. And when I got there, I figured, since I\u2019d gone this far, I might as well turn around, just keep on going. When I got to another ocean, I figured, since I\u2019d gone this far, I might as well just turn back, keep right on going.\u201d \u2013 Forrest [PAR] Forrest: [running] I had run for 3 years, 2 months, 14 days, and 16 hours. [PAR] [he stops and turns around] [PAR] Young Man Running: Quiet, quiet!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anniversary Jewelry: Gemstones By Year - Anniversary ... Anniversary Jewelry: Gemstones By Year - Anniversary Gemstones - TheNest.com [PAR] Anniversaries [PAR] Anniversary Jewelry: Gemstones by Year [PAR] Gems and previous metals don't just look beautiful; they represent distinct virtues and promote unique healing qualities. Here are the traditional anniversary gemstones by year. Who says it's all about diamonds, anyway? [PAR] 1st Anniversary: Gold and Pearl [PAR] Photo by Thinkstock / The Nest [PAR] Gold is precious and pure, which is why it represents the first wedding anniversary. It also symbolizes wealth \u2013 something to aspire to down the line! [PAR] Pearl symbolizes purity and wisdom. It also comes in many different colors and shapes, much like the varied nature of relationships. [PAR] 2nd Anniversary: Garnet and Rose Quartz [PAR] Photo by Shutterstock / The Nest [PAR] Garnet, with its fiery red color, represents passion and intimacy \u2013 qualities firmly established by your second year of marriage. It\u2019s believed to boost your sex drive \u2013 and your professional drive! [PAR] Rose quartz, an opaque pink stone, enhances love, warmth and acceptance and is thought to provide inner peace and stress relief. [PAR] 3rd Anniversary: Pearl and Jade [PAR] Photo by Shutterstock / The Nest [PAR] Pearl symbolizes purity and wisdom. It also comes in many different colors and shapes, much like the varied nature of relationships. [PAR] Jade -- a green stone that\u2019s treasured in China for its health -- and wealth-enhancing qualities \u2013 is also thought to nurture wisdom, inner peace and good fortune. [PAR] 4th Anniversary: Blue Topaz and Amethyst [PAR] Photo by Shutterstock / The Nest [PAR] Blue topaz is thought to foster success, creativity and humility. [PAR] Amethyst, a translucent purple stone, represents tolerance and forgiveness. It is thought to eradicate negative feelings. [PAR] 5th Anniversary: Sapphire and Turquoise [PAR] Photo by Shutterstock / The Nest [PAR] Deep blue sapphire is associated with faithfulness: one of the reasons it\u2019s such a popular anniversary \u2013 and even engagement -- gem stone. It also symbolizes truth and sincerity. [PAR] Opaque turquoise has long been used for protection and cherished by Native Americans for its healing qualities. It also represents courage and truth. [PAR] 6th Anniversary: Amethyst and Garnet [PAR] Photo by Shutterstock / The Nest [PAR] Amethyst, a translucent purple stone, represents tolerance and forgiveness. It is thought to eradicate negative feelings. [PAR] Garnet, with its fiery red color, represents passion and intimacy \u2013 qualities firmly established by your second year of marriage. It\u2019s believed to boost your sex drive \u2013 and your professional drive! [PAR] 7th Anniversary: Onyx and Lapus Lazuli [PAR] Photo by Thinkstock / The Nest [PAR] Black onyx is thought to promote happiness and stability. It\u2019s a protective stone and will help ward off negativity in your marriage. [PAR] Lapus lazuli -- a deep blue, marbled stone -- is also a protective gem stone, and represents friendship, truth and harmony. [PAR] 8th Anniversary: Tourmaline and Aventurine [PAR] Photo by Shutterstock / The Nest [PAR] Tourmaline comes in many different colors, including pink, black, green and yellow. Each diverse stone has its own distinct properties, but in general, tourmaline helps promote openness and reduce stress. It is also thought to enhance love and friendship. [PAR] Aventurine is a quartz stone that\u2019s most commonly green, but also exists naturally in several other colors. It is thought to help quell anxiety and promote balance. It\u2019s represents luck and chance. [PAR] 9th Anniversary: Lapus Lazuli and Tiger Eye [PAR] Photo by Shutterstock / The Nest [PAR] Lapus lazuli -- a deep blue, marbled stone -- is also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SponsorPitch - Puma SponsorPitch - Puma [PAR] SponsorPitch [PAR] Puma viewed 0 seconds ago [PAR] Eventbrite viewed 2 seconds ago [PAR] Ubiquity viewed 37 seconds ago [PAR] See More [PAR] Sponsor Summary [PAR] Puma SE, officially branded as PUMA, is a major German multinational company that produces high-end athletic shoes, lifestyle footwear and other sportswear. Formed in 1924 as Gebr\u00fcder Dassler Schuhfabrik by Adolf and Rudolf Dassler, relationships between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities, Adidas and Puma. Puma is currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. [PAR] Activity [PAR] Deal [PAR] 12/2016 [PAR] Deal [PAR] 10/2016 [PAR] Join SponsorPitch [PAR] If you currently work at this organization, click the \u201cDo you work here?\u201d button to request editing privileges. [PAR] This SponsorPitch page is about Puma and contains information about this organization's sponsorship activity, sponsorship decision makers and sponsorship preferences. This page is not endorsed by or affiliated with Puma, though it may be actively managed and updated by company representatives. If you currently work at this organization, click the Manage Sponsor button to request management privileges. . All trademarks, service marks and copyrights are property of their respective owners. [PAR] SponsorPitch[DOC] [TLE] Complete List of PUMA Locations | AggData Complete List of PUMA Locations | AggData [PAR] Contact [PAR] Complete List of PUMA Locations [PAR] This is a complete list of all PUMA athletic shoe locations, along with their geographic coordinates. PUMA is a major German multinational company that produces high-end athletic shoes, lifestyle footwear and other sportswear. Formed in 1924 by Rudolf Dassler, the company is based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. This is a list of all Puma stores, along with stores that sell Puma products. [PAR] Here's what you get:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) [PAR] Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) [PAR] Texas Status [PAR] Endangered, Listed 6/02/1970 [PAR] Description [PAR] The hawksbill sea turtle is a small to medium sized turtle with shell lengths up to 36 inches. They are known for their beautiful brown shell, mottled with dark and light spots and streaks, which was once commonly used to make tortoiseshell jewelry. [PAR] Life History [PAR] Hawksbill sea turtles are the most tropical of all sea turtles. Hawksbill turtles nest primarily at night, but there are reports of daytime nesting, usually on uninhabited beaches. Although sea turtles are subject to predation throughout their life cycle, predation is particularly high during the first two years of life. The eggs are eaten by ghost crabs, raccoons, skunks, opossums, mongooses, and dogs. Hatchlings are preyed upon by mammals, sea birds, crabs, and carnivorous fishes. Predation continues to be high until the turtles are big enough to avoid being swallowed. Sharks are a formidable predator throughout the life cycle of the hawksbill. [PAR] This carnivorous turtle has a highly variable diet consisting mostly of invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, crustaceans, sea urchins, and molluscs. In captivity, adults reach sexual maturity between 3 and 5 years of age, although wild turtles may take much longer to reach maturity. They can live as long as 30 - 50 years. Adults mate off the nesting beaches every 2 to 3 years during the nesting period, generally April through November. Female hawksbill turtles nest alone or sometimes in small groups. As with other sea turtles, females return to lay their eggs on or near the same beach where they hatched. Scientists believe that sea turtles navigate by using their own innate global positioning system. Hatchlings are born with the ability to navigate using the earth's magnetic field. [PAR] The females may nest several times during a season, laying as many as 200 soft, round white eggs per nest. The eggs incubate in the sand for 47 to 75 days. The incubation period is longer when the weather is cool. Hatchlings emerge from the nest mostly at night, race quickly to the surf and swim hurriedly toward the open ocean. Nesting occurs in numerous places in the tropics. In the Americas, these include the beaches of theYucatan Peninsula, southern Cuba, Costa Rica, islands of the Caribbean such as Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Turks and Caicos, and Grenada, northeastern Brazil, and Pacific coasts of Mexico and Panama. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Hawksbill turtles live in clear offshore waters of mainland and island shelves. They are more common where coral reef formations are present. Hawksbill turtles nest on sandy beaches, often in the proximity of coral reefs. [PAR] Distribution [PAR] Hawksbill sea turtles are found primarily in warmer waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans from Japan to Australia and the British Isles to southern Brazil. They are also found in the southern waters of Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean. In Texas, the hawksbill is found in the Gulf of Mexico and occasionally on the Texas coast. [PAR] Other [PAR] The hawksbill's brightly colored, thick scutes covering the carapace (top of the shell) are the source of \"tortoise-shell\" which has been used for centuries to make jewelry. Handicrafts made of tortoise-shell appear in many ancient cultures, in places like China, Ceylon, India, Oceania, and Rome. With the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) restrictions, international trade in tortoise-shell has significantly decreased, but harvest of the turtle for its shell is still a threat to its survival"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Saint FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions The Saint and Leslie Charteris FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] a. Books: [PAR] Leslie Charteris wrote 50 English language books detailing the Saint's adventures. These fifty titles are comprised of 19 full-length novels, 48 novelettes or novellas, and 95 short stories (94 in the UK, where \"The Uncritical Publisher\" was left out of all editions of \"The Saint Intervenes\"). To muddy the situation, many of the 50 titles underwent title changes, and most of the short stories and novelettes have been repackaged into various anthologies and compilations over the years. [PAR] The linguistic qualification regarding \"English language\" is required as Charteris also wrote a further 40 adventures in French which have never been translated into English-although some have been translated into Dutch. [PAR] A detailed list of the English adventures, plus many of the anthologies and non-Saint books by Leslie Charteris, can be found at http://www.saint.org/books.htm [PAR] b. Films: [PAR] The best remembered films are the series of black and white movies that were made during the Golden Age of Hollywood by RKO. Between 1938 and 1953, with the help of Louis Hayward , George Sanders and Hugh Sinclair , they made nine movies. [PAR] Two French films were made by different French production companies in the 1960s. Charteris disliked these so much that he stopped them from being shown in any English-language territories. Copies of both films do exist in their native country but on viewing only go to emphasize the extremely high quality of every other Saint production. [PAR] Two two-part stories from the Roger Moore TV series, and one two-parter from the Ian Ogilvy series, have been shown as films on a very limited theatrical basis, but very often crop up as TV movies. [PAR] Val Kilmer played Simon Templar in the 1997 Paramount film, The Saint. [PAR] c. Television: [PAR] The first TV series, starring Roger Moore , ran between 1962 and 1969. They made 118 hour long episodes: 71 in black and white and 47 in color. Two of these stories (\"The Fiction Makers\" and \"Vendetta for the Saint\") were two-parters and subsequently were released as films on a limited basis. [PAR] The second series, with Ian Ogilvy as the Saint, ran in the late 1970s. They made 24 hour-long episodes. One story, a two parter called \"Collision Course\", was packaged into a feature length movie called \"The Saint and the Brave Goose\". [PAR] The third series, with Simon Dutton taking over the halo, was made in the late 1980s. There were 6 two-hour films. [PAR] There was a failed one-hour pilot made and shown in 1987, with Australian Andrew Clarke as Simon Templar. Those who've seen it do their best to forget it. [PAR] Further information on all the TV shows, and a detailed episode listing can be found at http://www.saint.org/sttv.htm [PAR] d. Radio: [PAR] The Saint debuted on the radio in 1940, when Terence De Marney starred in six episodes, adapted from the original Charteris stories, for Radio Athlone. These six episodes were later repeated on the British Forces Band. [PAR] In 1945 the Saint came to American radio. Edgar Barrier made 13 episodes for NBC. Later that years Brian Aherne made 13 episodes for CBS. Vincent Price took over the halo in 1947, making 51 episodes for CBS. In July 1948 the show moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System where he made a further 47 episodes. The show moved to NBC in 1950 where Price made a final batch of 44 episodes. Barry Sullivan also starred as the Saint for two episodes whilst"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry Mancini ~ The Pink Panther Theme ~ 1963 - YouTube Henry Mancini ~ The Pink Panther Theme ~ 1963 - YouTube [PAR] Henry Mancini ~ The Pink Panther Theme ~ 1963 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 3, 2012 [PAR] \"The Pink Panther Theme\" is an instrumental composition by Henry Mancini written as the theme for the 1963 film The Pink Panther and subsequently nominated for the 1964 Academy Award for Original Music Score. The cartoon character created for the opening credits of the movie by David DePatie and Friz Freleng was animated in time to the tune.The soloist of this song was Plas Johnson. [PAR] RCA Records released the tune as a single in 1964; it reached the Top 10 on the Billboard adult contemporary chart and won three Grammy Awards. [PAR] It was featured in the opening credits of all The Pink Panther films, with the exception of A Shot in the Dark, and Inspector Clouseau. [PAR] \"Various-The Pink Panther Theme (From The Pink Panther)\", sound recording administered by: SME [PAR] Music Copyrights may be held by one or more of the following: [PAR] Mirisch-G & E Productions, Inc. (PWH) [PAR] Liberty Records, a division of Capitol Records, Inc. [PAR] United Artists Corporation [PAR] \"The AUDIO content does not belong to me. I do not profit from these Videos and/or Slideshows. I do not own copyrights of the images, which are from free websites. This is strictly for Educational use and Commentary purposes.\" [PAR] \"No copyright is claimed in [the music] and to the extent that material may appear to be infringed, I assert that such alleged infringement is permissible under fair use principles in U.S. copyright laws. If you believe material has been used in an unauthorized manner, please contact the poster.\" [PAR] Copyright Disclaimer--\"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.\" [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Are Conjoined Twins Formed? - Verywell How Are Conjoined Twins Formed? [PAR] By Pamela Prindle Fierro - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. [PAR] Updated June 30, 2016 [PAR] Conjoined Twins FAQ: How Do Conjoined Twins Form? [PAR] Answer: Conjoined twins are an extremely rare type of twins, specifically a form of monozygotic twins. Monozygotic -- also known as identical -- twins form when a single fertilized egg splits into two embryos. This split can happen anytime after fertilization; as more time passes, the twins are more likely to share commonalities. Conjoined twins develop and are born with a physical connection. [PAR] Like all monozygotic twins, conjoined twins are always same sex (either both boys or both girls). It is estimated that seventy percent of conjoined twins are female. [PAR] Theories About How Conjoined Twins Form [PAR] Conjoined twins remain a rare and mysterious phenomenon. Just as it is not known what causes monozygotic twinning , it is not known exactly why conjoined twins form, and there is disagreement as to how they form. Two theories have been presented. [PAR] Fission Theory of Conjoined Twinning [PAR] First, If the split occurs more than twelve days post conception, the embryos may not fully divide and the embryo may form with an anatomical connection, producing conjoined twins. This is described as the \"fission theory.\" It is not known why the zygote divides, or why the process is interrupted so that the embryo remains connected and develops as conjoined twins. [PAR] Fusion Theory of Conjoined Twinning [PAR] Another theory regarding conjoined twinning is known as the \"fusion\" or \"collision\" theory. [PAR] It suggests that stem cells from one twin adhere to like stem cells from the other twin, fusing together and developing conjoinedly. Again, there is no identified explanation for why this would happen. [PAR] The amount of connectivity between conjoined twins varies and determines the expected outcome for the individuals. [PAR] Some conjoined twins are merely connected with a narrow band of skin and tissue, while others share complicated connections of vital organs and systems that impair their function. Nearly half of conjoined twins are born stillborn and about a third survive for less than a day after birth. However, surgical separations of conjoined twins have produced many successful cases where both individuals are able to enjoy long, healthy lives. Some examples are Carl and Clarence Aguirre in 2003, Jade and Erin Buckles in 2004, Kendra and Maliyah Herrin in 2006, and A\u2019zhari and A\u2019zhiah Jones in 2013. [PAR] What are the Risk Factors For Conjoined Twins? [PAR] It is difficult to identify risk factors for the occurrence of conjoined twins in a pregnancy, as there is uncertainty about how and why they occur to begin with. Monozygotic twinning is not associated with genetic or hereditary factors, nor influenced by some of the causes of dizygotic twinning , such as advanced maternal age or fertility treatments. Although it's been suggested that environmental factors may have an impact, especially in less developed countries, there is a lack of conclusive evidence identifying specific factors. [PAR] [PAR] What are the Symptoms of Conjoined Twins? [PAR] There are no specific symptoms for conjoined twins, although some of the general signs and symptoms of a multiple pregnancy may arouse suspicion. Conjoined twins are identified in pregnancy via ultrasound. Further assessment and diagnostics can be obtained with imaging technology such as MRI . [PAR] Conjoined twins, also known as Siamese twins, are a rare type of monozygotic (identical) twins. Find more answers to Frequently Asked Questions About Conjoined Twins . [PAR] Sources: [PAR] Spencher, R. \"Theoretical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chapter 1: What Is the Old Testament? - Infidels Chapter 1: What Is the Old Testament? [PAR] [PAR] Chapter 1 - What Is the Old Testament? [PAR] THE Old Testament is a collection of selected writings composed and edited by members of the Hebrew-Jewish community between the twelfth century B.C. and the beginning of the Christian era. It includes such diverse materials as prophetic oracles, teachings of wise men, instructions of priests and ancient records of the royal courts. Some material is historical, some is legendary; some is legalistic, some is didactic. For the most part the literature was written in Hebrew, but a few passages were written in Aramaic, a kindred language which came into common usage among the Jews during the post-Exilic era (after the sixth century B.C.). The Aramaic portions include Dan. 2:4b-7:28; Ezra 4:8-6:18, 7:12-26; Jer. 10:11; and one phrase in Gen. 31:47 \"Jegar-sahadutha,\" translated \"Heap of Witness.\" [PAR] The term \"Old Testament,\"1 or more properly \"Old Covenant,\" is a Christian designation, reflecting the belief of the early Christian Church that the \"new covenant\" mentioned in Jer. 31:31-34 was fulfilled in Jesus and that the Christian scriptures set forth the \"new covenant,\" just as the Jewish scriptures set forth the \"old covenant\" (II Cor. 3:6-18; Heb. 9:1-4). Jewish scholars prefer the term \"Tanak,\" a word formed by combining the initial letters of the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible: Torah (Law), Nebhiim (Prophets), and Kethubhim (Writings). [PAR] The Bible, as we know it today, is the end product of a long process of writing, editing and selecting of literature primarily concerned with Jewish religious concepts, and, as such, it has a long literary history. It cannot be assumed that a group of men composed writings echoing what they thought God was dictating. The Bible reflects historical situations, human events, men's reactions to these happenings, and the belief that God was also involved in events. [PAR] The literary history of the Bible can be said to have begun in the time of Solomon when two men, or groups of men, produced what was to become the nucleus of the Old Testament. One concentrated on the story of David, drawing, no doubt, from court records and other sources, to produce a rather matter-of-fact and intimate account of David's rise to power, the weaknesses and strengths of the man and his family, and the successful coup by which his son, Solomon, gained the throne. The other writer or writers delved into the oral and written traditions of the past to enrich the understanding of the present. Stories of patriarchal ancestors, songs and folk-tales of the tribes, explanations concerning the origin of the world, and accounts of the action of God in the affairs of men, were gathered and woven into a saga explaining how the nation Israel came to be, and how God, who had acted in the past on behalf of his chosen people, was acting in the present and could be counted upon to act in the future. The theologized tradition or \"sacred history,\" as it has been called, was probably utilized in the festivals and cultic rites of the temple. [PAR] But the writing did not stop in the tenth century. New events and new monarchs required the extension of national history, and a developing theology saw new facets of the relationship believed to exist between God and the nation. Some materials were undoubtedly discarded over the years, for the Bible reflects selectivity of materials, as we shall see. Study of the sacred literature and new historical events developed new insights and resulted in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sylvia Plath: Quotes, Early Life, College Years, Career ... Sylvia Plath: Quotes, Early Life, College Years, Career and Marriage, Death, Journals and Letters, Poetry, the Bell Jar, Hughes Controversy, Legacy, Bibliography, Sources, Further Reading, and a List of Books by Author Sylvia Plath [PAR] Quotes more \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd less [PAR] \"And by the way, everything in life is writable about if you have the outgoing guts to do it, and the imagination to improvise. The worst enemy to creativity is self-doubt.\"\"Apparently, the most difficult feat for a Cambridge male is to accept a woman not merely as feeling, not merely as thinking, but as managing a complex, vital interweaving of both.\"\"But life is long. And it is the long run that balances the short flare of interest and passion.\"\"Dying is an art, like everything else. I do it exceptionally well. I do it so it feels like hell. I do it so it feels real. I guess you could say I've a call.\"\"How frail the human heart must be - a mirrored pool of thought.\"\"I am too pure for you or anyone.\"\"I shut my eyes and all the world drops dead; I lift my eyes and all is born again.\"\"I talk to God but the sky is empty.\"\"I took a deep breath and listened to the old bray of my heart. I am. I am. I am.\"\"If neurotic is wanting two mutually exclusive things at one and the same time, then I'm neurotic as hell. I'll be flying back and forth between one mutually exclusive thing and another for the rest of my days.\"\"Is there no way out of the mind?\"\"Kiss me and you will see how important I am.\"\"Perhaps when we find ourselves wanting everything, it is because we are dangerously close to wanting nothing.\"\"The blood jet is poetry and there is no stopping it.\"\"There must be quite a few things that a hot bath won't cure, but I don't know many of them.\"\"Widow. The word consumes itself.\" [PAR] Early Life more \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd less [PAR] Plath was born during the Great Depression on October 27, 1932 in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, to Aurelia Schober Plath, a first-generation American of Austrian descent, and Otto Emile Plath, an immigrant from Grabow, Germany. Plath's father was a professor of biology and German at Boston University and author of a book about bumblebees. Plath's mother was approximately twenty-one years younger than her husband. They met while she was earning her master's degree in teaching and took one of his courses. Otto had become alienated from his family because he chose not to become a Lutheran minister, as his grandparents had intended him to be. [PAR] In April 1935, Plath's brother Warren was born. The family moved to Winthrop, Massachusetts in 1936 and Plath spent much of her childhood on Johnson Avenue. Raised a Unitarian Christian, Plath experienced a loss of faith after her father's death, and remained ambivalent about religion throughout her life Plath's mother, Aurelia, had grown up in Winthrop, and her maternal grandparents, the Schobers, had lived in a section of the town called Point Shirley, a location mentioned in Plath's poetry. While living in Winthrop, eight-year-old Plath published her first poem in the Boston Herald's children's section. In addition to writing, she showed early promise as an artist, winning an award for her paintings from The Scholastic Art & Writing Awards in 1947. [PAR] Otto Plath died on November 5, 1940, a week and a half after Plath's eighth birthday, of complications following the amputation of a foot due to untreated diabetes. He had become ill shortly after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Munich Massacre - About.com Education Munich Massacre [PAR] Munich Massacre [PAR] 1970 - 1979 [PAR] Munich Massacre [PAR] One of the eight Palestinian terrorists comprising the Black September group stands on a balcony of the Olympic Village during a standoff after they kidnapped nine members of the Israeli Olympic team and killed two others on Sept. 5, 1972 in Munich. (Getty Images/Stringer) [PAR] Updated January 21, 2016. [PAR] What Was the Munich Massacre? [PAR] The Munich Massacre was a terrorist attack during the 1972 Olympic Games. Eight Palestinian terrorists killed two members of Israeli Olympic team and then took nine others hostage. The situation was ended by a huge gunfight that left five of the terrorists and all of the nine hostages dead. Following the massacre, the Israeli government organized a retaliation against Black September, called Operation Wrath of God. [PAR] Dates: September 5, 1972 [PAR] Also Known As: 1972 Olympics Massacre [PAR] Stressful Olympics [PAR] The XXth Olympic Games were held in Munich, Germany in 1972. Tensions were high at these Olympics, because they were the first Olympic Games held in Germany since the Nazis hosted the Games in 1936 . The Israeli athletes and their trainers were especially nervous; many had family members who had been murdered during the Holocaust or were themselves Holocaust survivors. [PAR] The Attack [PAR] The first few days of the Olympic Games went smoothly. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Massacre at the 1972 Munich Olympics [PAR] On September 4, the Israeli team spent the evening out to see the play, Fiddler on the Roof, and then went back to the Olympic Village to sleep. [PAR] A little after 4 a.m. on September 5, as the Israeli athletes slept, eight members of the Palestinian terrorist organization, Black September, jumped over the six-foot high fence that encircled the Olympic Village. [PAR] The terrorists headed straight for 31 Connollystrasse, the building where the Israeli contingent was staying. Around 4:30 a.m., the terrorists entered the building. They rounded up the occupants of apartment 1 and then apartment 3. Several of the Israelis fought back; two of them were killed. A couple of others were able to escape out windows. Nine were taken hostage. [PAR] Standoff at the Apartment Building [PAR] By 5:10 a.m., the police had been alerted and news of the attack had begun to spread around the world. The terrorists then dropped a list of their demands out the window; they wanted 234 prisoners released from Israeli prisons and two from German prisons by 9 a.m. [PAR] Negotiators were able to extend the deadline to noon, then 1 p.m., then 3 p.m., then 5 p.m.; however, the terrorists refused to back down on their demands and Israel refused to release the prisoners. A confrontation became inevitable. [PAR] At 5 p.m., the terrorists realized that their demands were not going to be met. They asked for two planes to fly both the terrorists and the hostages to Cairo, Egypt, hoping a new locale would help get their demands met. The German officials agreed, but realized that they could not let the terrorists leave Germany. [PAR] Desperate to end the standoff, the Germans organized Operation Sunshine, which was a plan to storm the apartment building. The terrorists discovered the plan by watching television. The Germans then planned to attack the terrorists on their way to the airport, but again the terrorists found out their plans. [PAR] Massacre at the Airport [PAR] Around 10:30 p.m., the terrorists and hostages were transported to the F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck airport by helicopter. The Germans had decided to confront"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celebrate Raymond Chandler\u2019s 125th Birthday With His Best ... \\ [PAR] The Big Sleep (1946) [PAR] Directed by Howard Hawks and starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, the 1946 adaptation of Chandler\u2019s 1939 novel of the same name might stand as the most iconic and well-known of all the Chandler adaptations. And as if the combination of Bogie and Bacall wasn\u2019t enough, William Faulkner, Jules Furthman, and Leigh Brackett co-wrote the screenplay. An interesting piece of trivia: Brackett also helped write The Empire Strikes Back, making her the link between Marlowe and Darth Vader."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martin Heidegger (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Martin Heidegger (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [PAR] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [PAR] Martin Heidegger [PAR] First published Wed Oct 12, 2011 [PAR] Martin Heidegger (1889\u20131976) was a German philosopher whose work is perhaps most readily associated with phenomenology and existentialism, although his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification. His ideas have exerted a seminal influence on the development of contemporary European philosophy. They have also had an impact far beyond philosophy, for example in architectural theory (see e.g., Sharr 2007), literary criticism (see e.g., Ziarek 1989), theology (see e.g., Caputo 1993), psychotherapy (see e.g., Binswanger 1943/1964, Guignon 1993) and cognitive science (see e.g., Dreyfus 1992, 2008; Wheeler 2005; Kiverstein and Wheeler 2012). [PAR] 1. Biographical Sketch [PAR] Martin Heidegger was born in Messkirch, Germany, on September 26, 1889. Messkirch was then a quiet, conservative, religious rural town, and as such was a formative influence on Heidegger and his philosophical thought. In 1909 he spent two weeks in the Jesuit order before leaving (probably on health grounds) to study theology at the University of Freiburg. In 1911 he switched subjects, to philosophy. He began teaching at Freiburg in 1915. In 1917 he married Elfride Petri, with whom he had two sons (J\u00f6rg and Hermann) and from whom he never parted (although his affair with the philosopher Hannah Arendt, his student at Marburg in the 1920s, is well-known). [PAR] Heidegger's philosophical development began when he read Brentano and Aristotle, plus the latter's medieval scholastic interpreters. Indeed, Aristotle's demand in the Metaphysics to know what it is that unites all possible modes of Being (or \u2018is-ness\u2019) is, in many ways, the question that ignites and drives Heidegger's philosophy. From this platform he proceeded to engage deeply with Kant, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and, perhaps most importantly of all for his subsequent thinking in the 1920s, two further figures: Dilthey (whose stress on the role of interpretation and history in the study of human activity profoundly influenced Heidegger) and Husserl (whose understanding of phenomenology as a science of essences he was destined to reject). In 1915 Husserl took up a post at Freiburg and in 1919 Heidegger became his assistant. Heidegger spent a period (of reputedly brilliant) teaching at the University of Marburg (1923\u20131928), but then returned to Freiburg to take up the chair vacated by Husserl on his retirement. Out of such influences, explorations, and critical engagements, Heidegger's magnum opus, Being and Time (Sein und Zeit) was born. Although Heidegger's academic and intellectual relationship with his Freiburg predecessor was complicated and occasionally strained (see Crowell 2005), Being and Time was dedicated to Husserl, \u201cin friendship and admiration\u201d. [PAR] Published in 1927, Being and Time is standardly hailed as one of the most significant texts in the canon of (what has come to be called) contemporary European (or Continental) Philosophy. It catapulted Heidegger to a position of international intellectual visibility and provided the philosophical impetus for a number of later programmes and ideas in the contemporary European tradition, including Sartre's existentialism, Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics, and Derrida's notion of \u2018deconstruction\u2019. Moreover, Being and Time, and indeed Heidegger's philosophy in general, has been presented and engaged with by thinkers such as Dreyfus (e.g., 1990) and Rorty (e.g., 1991a, b) who work somewhere near the interface between the contemporary European and the analytic traditions. A cross-section of broadly analytic reactions to Heidegger (positive and negative) may be found alongside other responses in (Murray 1978). Being and Time is discussed in section 2 of this article. [PAR] In 1933 Heidegger joined the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A brief history of Vanity Fair from its 1914-1936 run with ... A brief history of Vanity Fair from its 1914-1936 run with notes for collectors. [PAR] A brief history of Vanity Fair from its 1914-1936 run with notes for collectors. [PAR] Home \u2192 The Magazines \u2192 A brief history of Vanity Fair from its 1914-1936 run with notes for collectors. [PAR] Conde Nast\u2019s Vanity Fair under Frank Crowninshield 1914-1936 [PAR] Back issues of Vanity Fair are as enjoyable to page through today as they were at the time of original publication. Oversized and perfect bound with slick pages filled with black and white photographs and colorful paintings, with text from the likes of Dorothy Parker, Robert Benchley, D.H. Lawrence and so many more, every page is an adventure into the history of early twentieth century American culture. [PAR] Publisher of Vogue Conde Nast had purchased a competitive title called Dress which he would couple with another purchase titled Vanity Fair. This had been a British publication which Nast had paid $3,000 for in 1913. Nast combined his two purchases into Dress and Vanity Fair that same year, and quickly realized that his new publication was a failure after just four issues. He happened upon Frank Crowninshield who would become editor with the fifth issue of the retitled Vanity Fair, a post he would hold until the magazine\u2019s 1936 demise. [PAR] Crowninshield, nationally known as a supporter of the 1913 Armory Show in New York, would bring his ideas about art and culture to the new publication. Crowninshield explains his personality, which was also the personality of Vanity Fair: [PAR] \u201cMy interest in society\u2013at times so pronounced that the word \u2018snob\u2019 comes a little to mind\u2013derives from the fact that I like an immense number of things which society, money, and position bring in their train: paintings, tapestries, rare books, smart dresses, dances, gardens, country houses, correct cuisine, and pretty women\u201d (Tebbel 257). [PAR] Americans would come to learn of Picasso, Matisse and Gauguin through the pages of Vanity Fair, they would read Dorothy Parker, enjoy the photography of Edward Steichen and the humourous yet eerie caricatures of Miguel Covarrubias. A complete history, as well as a more complete listing of its contributors over the years, can be found on Vanity Fair\u2019s own site in the article The One-Click History . Vanity Fair would cover art, theater, literature, sport, film for the \u201csmart\u201d crowd, an elite audience which would stifle its circulation and ultimately suffocate the publication when the world turned dark under the cloud of the Depression and coming War in the 1930\u2019s. [PAR] Competition in its hey day came from H.L. Mencken\u2019s Smart Set and American Mercury as well as Harold Ross\u2019s New Yorker. It\u2019s layout was precursor to the coming photojournalistic publications beginning with LIFE Magazine. And it\u2019s death was not permanent as it was successfully revived in 1983 and continues to be published today. [PAR] But as the busy covers shown on this page illustrate, the Vanity Fair of Conde Nast and Frank Crowninshield was a true original, consisting of Crowninshield\u2019s vision and the contributions of a host of artistic giants, the likes of which no budget could bring together today for successful replication. Each vintage issue is to be treasured, and so they are as copies are not so easily found by the collector. [PAR] Even with a circulation of just 85,000-99,000 at its height, issues were surely saved and treasured by its audience, but at the same time it\u2019s been 70 years since Vanity Fair\u2019s 1936 merge into Vogue, and so time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hansel and Gretel - Regina Opera Company Hansel and Gretel [PAR] HANSEL AND GRETEL [PAR] Based on the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm [PAR] The Cast [PAR] 1899 illustration of Hansel and Gretel [PAR] asleep in the forest, after a painting by [PAR] William de Leftwich Dodge (1867-1935) [PAR] Hansel, a boy [PAR] Peter, their father, a broom-maker [PAR] Baritone [PAR] Angels, gingerbread children, chorus of echoes. [PAR] The Story [PAR] About Engelbert Humperdinck and Hansel and Gretel [PAR] No, the famous British pop singer from the 1960s \u2014 real name Arnold Dorsey \u2014 did not compose this opera. The Engelbert Humperdinck who wrote Hansel and Gretel was born in Germany in 1854. In the 1890s, his sister, Adelheid Wette, had written a libretto based on the Grimm fairy tale, and asked her brother to set it to music as a Christmas entertainment for her children. Later, Engelbert and Adelheid decided to turn this modest family project into a full-scale opera. Hansel and Gretel premiered on December 23, 1893 at Weimar. It was an instant hit and remains an everlasting masterpiece. The young composer Richard Strauss, who was the assistant conductor for the premiere, called it \u201ca masterwork of the first rank.\u201d [PAR] Act I [PAR] Scene 1. A poor cottage at the edge of a forest. [PAR] Once upon a time... [PAR] ... a brother and sister named Hansel and Gretel lived with their father and mother, Peter and Gertrude, at the edge of a huge forest. When our story opens, they are alone in their poor cottage, hard at work at their chores, and very very hungry. Gretel teases Hansel for being a grump, and promises to tell him a secret if he will cheer up \u2014 there\u2019s milk in the jug, and their mother will make them a nice pudding when she comes home. Hansel sneaks a taste of the milk, but Gretel warns him that their mother will be angry if they don\u2019t get back to work. Hansel refuses; he prefers to dance. Gretel thinks that\u2019s a wonderful idea, and they begin to dance (\u201cBrother, come and dance with me\u201d). In the middle of all the fun, Gertrude comes home in a very bad mood, angry at them for not having finished their work. She gets a stick to hit them, and, as they escape, she accidentally knocks over the jug, spilling all the milk. She angrily orders them out of the house to pick strawberries. Then she despairs, and begs God for help in feeding her children. Exhausted, she falls asleep. [PAR] Peter is heard singing in the distance. He reels into the house and gives Gertrude a big smacking kiss. She is not amused, and accuses him of being drunk. He ignores her nagging and playfully asks for supper. She tells him that there\u2019s nothing to eat, but, to her surprise, he pulls out a sackful of food. It seems that he had gone to town to sell his brooms, and there was a festival going on, so he managed to make a huge profit. Gertrude toasts his success, and, as they begin to dig into the food, he realizes that the children aren\u2019t there. Gertrude tells him how Hansel and Gretel were misbehaving, and how she broke the milk jug trying to get at them. Peter laughs heartily at this, and Gertrude can\u2019t help joining in. He asks again where they are, and she replies, \u201cFor all I know, at the Ilsenstein.\u201d Peter is struck with horror, for the Ilsenstein is the mountain abode of a horrible witch who rides"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SAFFRON : An Anti- Depressant Herb SAFFRON: An Anti-Depressant Herb [PAR] by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon [PAR] BACKGROUND [PAR] Saffron is an herb most people are unlikely to utilize, either for medicinal or culinary purposes, primarily because the material has a justified reputation for being extraordinarily expensive. Bulk quantities of relatively low-grade saffron can reach upwards of $500/pound, while retail costs for small amounts may exceed 10 times that rate. But, avoiding this valuable spice might be unnecessary because of the small quantity needed: in medicinal use, 1\u20133 grams in decoction, 0.5\u20131.5 grams ingested as powder, or 30 mg of its dried extract per day is considered adequate in standard applications (described below). For culinary use, just a few strands are sufficient to flavor food (about 2\u20134 strands per person; there are about 70,000\u2013200,000 strands per pound). [PAR] In some countries, such as Spain, Iran, and India, people know that saffron is worth its price and make good use of it. To meet the demand, world annual production is about 265 tons per year, which is grown on about 90,000 acres of land (if efficiently cultivated, each acre produces about 6 pounds of saffron a year). It takes about 170\u2013200 hours of work to collect the flowers and remove the stamens for drying in order to produce just 1 pound of saffron, which is a large part of the expense for the spice. Saffron mainly grows in arid territory with sandy soil, under hot and dry summers, often requiring irrigation. [PAR] Saffron\u2019s high cost has become an attractive factor for one potential use: as a substitute crop for opium cultivation in Afghanistan. Afghanistan is the world\u2019s second largest supplier of opium poppies used in the drug trade (the largest is the \u201cgolden triangle\u201d and surrounding regions in Southeast Asia); opium is one of the major sources of income for Afghanistan. In 2002, about 3,400 tons of opium was produced there, most of it ultimately going to heroin addicts in Europe. Since Afghanistan is in the saffron growing region, there is some potential for this crop as an economic substitute; still, saffron is estimated to bring in only about 3/4 the income of opium farming. [PAR] Iran, the world\u2019s largest producer of saffron, and a neighbor to Afghanistan, has been investing in research into saffron\u2019s potential medicinal uses. Much of the work surrounds its traditional application for alleviating depression. One of the Iranian groups carrying out saffron research is headed by Shahin Akhondzadeh (pictured right), at the Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who has studied the use of several drugs and herbs for mental disorders, such as depression, ADHD, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, autism, opiate dependence, and epilepsy. The clinical findings suggest that saffron is a safe and effective antidepressant. For example, in a randomized, double-blind study, 30 mg of saffron extract (in capsules) given for 6 weeks resulted in significant alleviation of depression compared to those on placebo, and did so without evident side effects (1). This study was a follow-up to a preliminary trial in which the same saffron preparation performed as well as imipramine for treating depression in a double-blind trial (2). In further preliminary work, saffron was compared to the drug fluoxetine (often known by the brand product Prozac); it was found that saffron performed as well as the drug in treatment of both depression and epilepsy (3). Pharmacology studies done in Iran (4) and Japan (5, 6) have confirmed an anticonvulsant activity in the extract of saffron. [PAR] A potential deterrent to medicinal use of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Area 51 'Uncensored': Was It UFOs Or The USSR? : NPR Area 51 'Uncensored': Was It UFOs Or The USSR? : NPR [PAR] List price: $27.99 [PAR] Prologue: The Secret City [PAR] This book is a work of nonfiction. The stories I tell in this narrative are real. None of the people are invented. Of the seventy-four individuals interviewed for this book with rare firsthand knowledge of the secret base, thirty-two of them lived and worked at Area 51. [PAR] Area 51 is the nation's most secret domestic military facility. It is located in the high desert of southern Nevada, seventy-five Miles north of Las Vegas. Its facilities have been constructed over the past sixty years around a flat, dry lake bed called Groom Lake. The U.S. government has never admitted it exists. [PAR] Key to understanding Area 51 is knowing that it sits inside the largest government-controlled land parcel in the United States, the Nevada Test and Training Range. Encompassing 4,687 square miles, this area is just a little smaller than the state of Connecticut \u2014 three times the size of Rhode Island, and more than twice as big as Delaware. Set inside this enormous expanse is a smaller parcel of land, 1,350 square miles, called the Nevada Test Site, the only facility like it in the continental United States. Beginning in 1951, on the orders of President Harry Truman, 105 nuclear weapons were exploded aboveground at the site and another 828 were exploded underground in tunnel chambers and deep, vertical shafts. The last nuclear weapons test on American soil occurred at the Nevada Test Site on September 23, 1992. The facility contains the largest amount of weapons-grade plutonium and uranium in the United States not secured inside a nuclear laboratory. [PAR] Area 51 sits just outside the Nevada Test Site, approximately five miles to the northeast of the northernmost corner, which places it inside the Nevada Test and Training Range. Because everything that goes on at Area 51, and most of what goes on at the Nevada Test and Training Range, is classified when it is happening, this is a book about secrets. Two early projects at Groom Lake have been declassified by the Central Intelligence Agency: the U\u20112 spy plane, declassified in 1998, and the A\u201112 Oxcart spy plane, declassified in 2007. And yet in thousands of pages of declassified memos and reports, the name Area 51 is always redacted, or blacked out. There are only two known exceptions, most likely mistakes. [PAR] This is a book about government projects and operations that have been hidden for decades, some for good reasons, others for arguably terrible ones, and one that should never have happened at all. These operations took place in the name of national security and they all involved cutting-edge science. The last published words of Robert Oppenheimer, father of the atomic bomb, were \"Science is not everything. But science is very beautiful.\" After reading this book, readers can decide what they think about what Oppenheimer said. [PAR] This is a book about black operations, government projects that are secret from Congress and secret from the people who make up the United States. To understand how black projects began, and how they continue to function today, one must start with the creation of the atomic bomb. The men who ran the Manhattan Project wrote the rules about black operations. The atomic bomb was the mother of all black projects and it is the parent from which all black operations have sprung. [PAR] Building the bomb was the single most expensive engineering project in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Final Journey, Revisited: Newgate To Tyburn | Londonist A Final Journey, Revisited: Newgate To Tyburn | Londonist [PAR] A Final Journey, Revisited: Newgate To Tyburn [PAR] By Londonist Last edited 31 months ago [PAR] Londonist A Final Journey, Revisited: Newgate To Tyburn [PAR] St Andrew's Holborn, one of the few remaining buildings the condemned would have seen on their final journey. [PAR] Looking along Oxford Street towards Tyburn, the final stretch in the journey. [PAR] It is the evening of 23 October 1783, and in a secluded spot on the King\u2019s highway John Austin and an accomplice are mercilessly beating and robbing a stranger. This act of brutality marked the beginning of the end, not only for Austin, but for an ancient ritual that had been enacted since the 16th century. Having been sentenced to death, he became the last man to be taken in procession from Newgate Prison to the gallows at Tyburn. [PAR] For 300 years, doomed convicts had made the journey from where the Old Bailey now stands to the place of their demise, near the site of Marble Arch. These processions, which occurred only eight times a year, were held to be among the capital\u2019s most exciting events. Raucous crowds gathered on the roads and in the windows of houses with a view; a clergyman accompanied the condemned; cheering and shouting vied with preaching and jeering, and during the three hours it took to cover the two miles, the spectacle of impending death would unite the metropolis in an outpouring of heightened emotion. [PAR] The spectators themselves are dead and buried, and the buildings that lined the way long since leveled. But beneath the stratum of 18th century bricks and bones, millions still trace the same path today, albeit for different reasons. For between St Paul\u2019s station and Marble Arch, the Central Line follows the last journey of John Austin and his innumerable doomed predecessors almost exactly. [PAR] For those hoping to evoke the procession, the modern topography of London is wonderfully supportive. Despite the devastating zeal of the Victorians, who laid waste to many of the capital\u2019s ancient streets, the conduit that flowed from Newgate to Tyburn remains largely intact. Newgate itself is gone, replaced by the Old Bailey, but the Church of St Sepulchre remains. From here a clergyman would make his way through a tunnel connecting the two buildings, and ring the bell that signalled the beginning of the great event. A visit to the church reveals that the artefact itself survives, silently encased in glass. It is perhaps the most evocative remaining fragment of a ritual characterised by its cacophony of sounds as much as its spectacle. [PAR] From Newgate the route covered Snow Hill. This section of the modern journey is the least faithful to the original. Here London descends into a shallow valley (' London\u2019s most dynamic ditch '), through which the subterranean river Fleet flows towards the Thames. In the 18th century this geographical feature was reflected in the names of the streets themselves, notably Holbourn Bridge and Holbourne Hill (neither of which exist today). Walking down Snow Hill takes you the short journey to the bottom of the valley, and a set of steps on the west side of Farringdon Road gives you access to that monumental ligament constructed by the Victorians to join its two sides: Holborn Viaduct. [PAR] Traversing this engineering marvel, we pass St Andrew Holborn, one of the few remaining significant structures that would have flanked John Austin\u2019s journey to the gallows. The exterior walls and tower are all that remain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newgate Prison Wall - Historic UK Newgate Prison Wall [PAR] Newgate Prison Wall [PAR] Rent a Castle [PAR] Whether it's a folly for 2 or a fort for 20, try our castles for rent page. [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] \u2018Tis impossible to describe the terror of my mind, when I was first brought in, and when I looked around upon all the horrors of that dismal place... : the hellish noise, the roaring, swearing, and clamour, the stench and nastiness\u2026 joined together to make the place seem an emblem of hell itself, and a kind of entrance to it.' [PAR] Newgate Prison was once the most notorious prison in London. Commissioned in the 12th century by King Henry II , Newgate Prison remained in use all the way through to 1902. The prison itself was originally built into a gate on the old Roman wall (hence the name \u201cNewgate\u201d) although it was rebuilt numerous times during its lifespan. [PAR] For over 600 years the prison was renowned for its appalling conditions. It was said that the prison was so dirty and squalid that the floors crunched as you walked due to all of the lice and bedbugs. The women\u2019s area was equally as appalling, crowded with half naked women, drunk, sometimes deranged, in leg irons and often with their children in tow. [PAR] After its final rebuild in 1782 the prison was divided into two sections; a common area for the general public as well as a State area for those who could afford more comfortable accommodation. At the same time as the prison rebuild, the site for London\u2019s public gallows moved from Tyburn (in the modern day West End) over to Newgate Prison. This meant that the public executions were now held in the heart of the City of London, drawing large audiences all the way up until the public executions were abandoned in 1868. [PAR] To understand the scale of capital punishment at Newgate Prison, it is said that between 1790 and 1902 over one thousand people were put to death there alone. During the period of public executions, these were carried out outside of Newgate Prison on the Old Bailey Road. [PAR] The church of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate also has a rather ghoulish part to play in the executions. At midnight on the eve of an execution, a bellman would walk along the prison tunnels ringing \u2018twelve solemn towels with double strokes\u2019 on his handbell whist chanting \"All you that in the condemned hold do lie, Prepare you, for tomorrow you shall die; Watch all and pray, the hour is drawing near That you before the Almighty must appear; Examine well yourselves, in time repent, That you may not to eternal flames be sent: And when St. Sepulchre's bell tomorrow tolls, The Lord above have mercy on your souls.\u201d Although Newgate Prison has long gone, the Newgate Execution Bell still exists and is housed in the Church of St Sepulchre. [PAR] The Central Criminal Court (a.k.a. the Old Bailey) now stands on the site of the old Newgate Prison. However, if you venture around the back of Amen Court (see map below) you will find something quite spectacular; the only surviving wall of Newgate Prison!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 285 - London's Lost Rivers | Big Think 285 - London's Lost Rivers | Big Think [PAR] 285 - London's Lost Rivers [PAR] by Frank Jacobs [PAR] The easiest pub quiz question in the world: name a river that flows through London. Answer: the Thames. A somewhat more difficult question: name another river that flows through London. A few might know of the river Lee (or Lea) that springs near Leagrave in Bedfordshire and joins the Thames at Leamouth in the London borough of Tower Hamlets. But how about: name a third river that flows through London? And a fourth, a fifth, a sixth? [PAR] We\u2019d lose all but the more phenomenal pub quiz contestants here, even though there are in actual fact over a dozen natural water courses flowing through Britain\u2019s capital. Many of them played important role in the development of the city, as the location of mills, the source of drinking water and as open sewers. Most of them have been pushed totally underground, forced into culverts, out of sight and out of mind \u2013 even if some of them have left their mark on the city\u2019s topology. This map shows and names some of those lost rivers of London, all tributaries to the Thames. [PAR] Starting on the rive gauche of the Thames (which in this case means the north bank of the river), those are, west to east: [PAR] \u00b7 Stamford Brook: the confluence of three smaller streams arising in West London, Stamford Brook flows into Hammersmith Creek before discharging into the Thames. Its name comes from \u2018stoney ford\u2019, and is remembered in Stamford Brook tube station. The stream was covered by 1900 and is now a sewer. [PAR] \u00b7 Parr\u2019s Ditch: also called Black Bull Ditch, this stream arose north of present-day King Street in Hammersmith, flowing under a bridge at Hammersmith Road and crossing what is now the St Paul\u2019s Court estate to flow into the Thames where now Riverside Studios are. [PAR] \u00b7 Counter\u2019s Creek: arising in Kensal Green and flowing south through Little Wormwood Scrubs, Olympia and Earls Court to Sands End, where it flows into the Thames, Counter\u2019s Creek can still sometimes be spotted by commuters on the westbound platform of West Brompton tube station, but only after heavy rainfall. Its tidal mouth is known as Chelsea Creek. Chelsea FC\u2019s football grounds is known erroneously as Stamford Bridge because of confusion between Counter\u2019s Creek and Stamford Brook. [PAR] \u00b7 Westbourne: flowing from Hampstead through Hyde Park onto Sloane Square and thence into the Thames, the River Westbourne has left its mark on London toponymy, mainly by the other names it has been called through the centuries: Kilburn, Bayswater, Serpentine, Bourne, Westburn Brook, Ranelagh and Ranelagh Sewer. Kilburn and Bayswater nowadays are well-known areas in London. The Serpentine, formed in 1730 to beautify Hyde Park, was fed with the Westbourne\u2019s waters until 1834, by which time it had become too polluted. Another area owing its name to this stream is Knightsbridge \u2013 named after a bridge over the Westbourne. It has been driven underground since the 1850s, when the area it flows through was gobbled up by an expanding London. An original part of the pipes it still runs through can be seen above the platform of Sloane Square tube station. At low tide, its mouth can still be seen some 300 yards west of Chelsea Bridge. [PAR] \u00b7 Tyburn: originating in South Hampstead, flowing through St James\u2019s Park and flowing into the Thames near Vauxhall Bridge in Pimlico, the Tyburn once branched to form the island of Thorney,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Bridge - London Wiki - Wikia London Bridge | London Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] London Bridge is a bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London , England, over the River Thames . Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge , it forms the western end of the Pool of London . On the south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and London Bridge Station ; on the north side are the Monument to the Great Fire of London and Monument tube station . [PAR] It was the only bridge over the Thames downstream from Kingston until Westminster Bridge opened in 1750. [PAR] The bridge carries part of the A3 road, which is maintained by the Greater London Authority; the bridge itself is owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates (see City Bridge Trust), an independent charity overseen by the City of London Corporation. [PAR] Tower Bridge is often mistakenly referred to as London Bridge. The area between London Bridge and Tower Bridge on the south side of the Thames is managed by the London Bridge Business Improvement District (BID) Company. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] A bridge has existed at or near the present site over the period from the Roman occupation of the area, nearly 2,000 years ago. The first bridge across the Thames in the London area, probably a military pontoon bridge, was built of wood by the Romans on the present site around 50 AD. [PAR] Around 55 AD, a piled bridge was constructed, and the local Britons built a small trading settlement next to it\u2014the town of Londinium. The settlement and the bridge were destroyed in a revolt led by Queen Boudicca in 60 AD. The victory was short-lived, and soon afterwards the Romans defeated the rebels and set about building a new walled town. Some of the 2nd century Roman wall has survived to this day. The new town and bridge were built around the position of the present bridge, providing access to the south-coast ports via Stane Street (the A3 route) and Watling Street (the A2). [PAR] The bridge fell into disrepair after the Romans left. As Londinium was also abandoned, there was little need for a bridge at this point and in the Saxon period the river was a political boundary between the hostile kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex. With the impact of the Viking invasions, the reconquest of the Roman city by the kings of Wessex and its re-occupation by Alfred the Great, the political conditions arose for a Saxon bridge crossing to be placed here. However, there is no archaeological evidence for a bridge before Aethelred's reign and his attempts to stem the Sweinian invasions of the 990s. In 1014, according to a much later skaldic tradition, the bridge was pulled down by the Norwegian prince Olaf, as he was aiding King Aethelred in what, if true, was a successful bid to divide the defending forces of the Danes who held the walled City of London plus Southwark, thereby regaining London for the Anglo-Saxon king. This episode might have inspired the well-known nursery rhyme \"London Bridge is Falling Down\", although the version of the song known today refers to the many bridges that were destroyed and rebuilt, and the trading done on the shops over it (\"Silver and Gold\") in the 14th century, so the song's origin is presumably of a much later date. [PAR] The earliest contemporary written reference to a Saxon bridge is in 1016, when it was by-passed by King Cnut's ships in his war"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bridges of Old London | Spitalfields Life The Bridges of Old London | Spitalfields Life [PAR] The Bridges of Old London [PAR] January 5, 2013 [PAR] by the gentle author [PAR] Traffic from Covent Garden Market crosses Waterloo Bridge, c. 1924 [PAR] London owes its very existence to bridges, since the location of the capital upon the banks of the Thames was defined by the lowest crossing point of the river. No wonder that the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society collected this edifying series of pictures of bridges on glass plates to use in their magic lantern shows at the Bishopsgate Institute . [PAR] Yet until the eighteenth century, the story of London\u2019s bridges was solely that of London Bridge. The Romans created the first wooden crossing of Thames close to the current site of London Bridge and the settlement upon the northern shore grew to become the City of London. When the Saxons tried to regain the City from the Danes in the eleventh century, they attached ropes to London Bridge and used their boats to dislodge the piers, thus originating the myth celebrated in the nursery rhyme \u201cLondon Bridge is Falling Down.\u201d [PAR] The first stone London Bridge was built by Peter de Colechurch in 1209 and lasted over six hundred years, surviving the Great Fire and numerous rebuildings of the houses and shops that clustered upon its structure. When traffic upon grew too crowded in 1722, a \u201ckeep left\u201d rule was instated that later became the pattern for all roads in this country and, by 1763, all the houses were removed to provide extra clearance. Then, in 1831, John Rennie\u2019s famous bridge of Dartmoor granite replaced old London Bridge until it was shipped off to Arizona in the nineteen-sixties to make way for the current concrete bridge, with its centrally heated pavements and hollow structure that permits essential pipes and cables to cross the Thames easily. [PAR] After London Bridge, next came Putney Bridge in 1726 and then Westminster Bridge in 1738 \u2013 until today we have a line of bridges, holding the north and south banks of London together tightly like laces on a boot. The hero of London\u2019s bridges was unquestionably John Rennie (1761-1821) who pioneered the combination or iron and stone in bridge building and designed London Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, Southwark Bridge and Vauxhall Bridge, although only the Serpentine Bridge remains today as his memorial. [PAR] Even to the seasoned Londoner, there is something unfailingly exhilarating about sitting on top of a bus, erupting from the narrow city streets onto one of the bridges and discovering yourself suspended high above the vast River Thames, it is one of the definitive experiences of our city. [PAR] Tower Bridge took eight year to construct, 1886 -1894 [PAR] Tower Bridge with barges, c. 1910 [PAR] St. Paul\u2019s Cathedral from Southwark Bridge, c. 1925 [PAR] Southwark Bridge, c. 1925 [PAR] Old wooden bridge at Putney, 1880. The second bridge to be built after London Bridge, constructed in 1726 and replaced by the current stone structure in 1886. [PAR] On Tower Bridge, 1905. [PAR] Tower Bridge, c. 1910 [PAR] John Rennie\u2019s London Bridge of 1831 viewed from the waterside, c. 1910 [PAR] London Bridge, c. 1930. Sold to Robert Mc Culloch in 1968 and re-assembled in Arizona in 1971. [PAR] The former bridgekeeper\u2019s house on Tower Bridge, c. 1900 [PAR] Wandsworth Bridge by Julian Tolme, c. 1910 (demolished in 1937) [PAR] Waterloo Bridge, c. 1910. The increased river flow created by the demolition of old London Bridge required temporary reinforcements to Waterloo Bridge from 1884. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace, 1851 | Archexpo The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace, 1851 | Archexpo [PAR] The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace, 1851 [PAR] \u00ab [PAR] Tourism and Culture [PAR] Historical background [PAR] The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations in 1851 was the first universal exhibition. It took place from May 1 to October 15, 1851 in London. The official opening of the exhibition took place in Hyde Park, in the Crystal Palace, a huge building glass (400 tons) and metal (4,000 tons), designed for the occasion by landscape designer Joseph Paxton (1801 1865). An area of \u200b\u200b7.5 ha, about 14 000 exhibitors from half over forty foreign countries, half of the British Empire, were divided into four sections that were taken during the post World Fairs: raw materials, machines, manufactures, works of art. It was later expanded and moved to the top of Sydenham Hill, south London in 1854, when Queen Victoria inaugurated for the second time.Just like in 1866, when a fire destroyed the north transept, the Palace blazed within hours November 30, 1936, visible 10 miles away. The Crystal Palace Foundation was established in 1979 to defend and respect the memory of this place, a symbol of a glorious period in English history. A Chinese conglomerate Zhongrong, established in 1992 in Shanghai by the current billionaire president Ni Zhaoxing, proposed a project of construction of an exact replica of the Victorian Crystal Palace by the end of 2018. [PAR] [PAR] View 1 : The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace, 1851, Add. MS 35255 \u00a9 The British Library Board [PAR] View 2 : Crystal Palace. Lithograph by George Baxter [PAR] The front of the Crystal Palace. Gravure, 1852 [PAR] View 3 : Crystal Palace. Lithograph by T. Picken, after a painting by Philip Brannan [PAR] from the North-East from Dickinson's Comprehensive Pictures of the Great Exhibition of 1851, published 1854 [PAR] View 4 : The Crystal Palace in its original location; the South-Eastern corner of Hyde Park [PAR] View 5 : Crystal Palace. Coloured lithograph by Augustus Butler \u00a9 Science & Society Picture Library/Getty ImagesThe Crystal Palace [PAR] View 6 : The Great Exhibition 1851. Lithograh by Ackerman [PAR] View 7 : Joseph Paxton's first sketch for the Crystal Palace, june 1850. Premi\u00e8re esquisse de Crystal Palace par Joseph Baxton, juin 1850 [PAR] View 8 : Inside the Crystal Palace by Joseph Nash [PAR] View 9 : Queen Victoria opens the Great Exhibition in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London in 1851. Colour lithograph by Louis Haghe \u00a9 Victoria & Albert Museum. [PAR] View 10 : Nave looking to the 'foreign' exhibits [PAR] View 11 : Crystal Palace. Interior transept by Joseph Nash and Haghe Roberts, 1854. British Library [PAR] View 12 : Interior view of the Crystal Palace, 1851 \u00a9 Victoria & Albert Museum [PAR] View 13 : Crystal Palace. Visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French and Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Estampe, 1855 \u00a9 BNF [PAR] Palais de Cristal. Visite de l'empereur et de l'imp\u00e9ratrice des Fran\u00e7ais: Napol\u00e9on III et Eug\u00e9nie avec la reine Victoria et le prince Albert. Estampe, 1855 \u00a9 BNF [PAR] View 14 : Crystal Palace. Opening by Queen Victoria, 10 June 1854. Watercolour by Joseph Nash [PAR] View 15 : Crystal Palace in Sydenham, 1870 \u00a9 Crystal Palace Museum [PAR] View 16 : Crystal Palace in Sydenham. General view from Water Temple, 1854. Photograph by Philip Henry Delamotte. [PAR] View 17 : Crystal Palace in Sydenham. From Italian terrace. Postcard. [PAR] View 18 : Remains of the north"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] View The Spot Outside Banqueting House Where Charles I Was ... View The Spot Outside Banqueting House Where Charles I Was Executed | Historic Royal Palaces [PAR] Charles I\u2019s execution site [PAR] Stand in the spot where Charles I was executed, outside the front of the Banqueting House [PAR] The place where a king was killed [PAR] Outside the Banqueting House, on the pavement of Whitehall, is the site of Charles I's execution on 30 January 1649. Though the wooden staging erected for the execution has long been dismantled you can imagine the scene on that cold winter's day... [PAR] Charles I had lost the Civil War. His enemies convicted him of high treason and decided that execution would be the best fate for him. [PAR] On the day of the execution Charles said goodbye to his children at St James's Palace before being escorted to the Banqueting House. [PAR] It was bitterly cold. Charles wore a second shirt so not to shiver from the cold, in case it was misunderstood as trembling from fear. He was also persuaded to drink a glass of claret so that he would not faint before he reached the execution block. [PAR] Charles was led out of an upper window onto a temporary scaffold stage especially erected on Whitehall. He was composed on the scaffold and died with dignity. [PAR] Charles I's famous last words [PAR] Charles I\u2019s famous last words contributed to the later cult of the king as royal martyr: 'I go from a corruptible to an incorruptible Crown, where no disturbance can be\u2019. [PAR] Remembrance [PAR] The execution of King Charles I is remembered each year on 30 January with a service in the Banqueting House. [PAR] You may also be interested in...[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Cromwell and Charles I London ... - Travel Darkly Oliver Cromwell and Charles I London Execution Sites - Travel Darkly [PAR] Oliver Cromwell and Charles I London Execution Sites [PAR] / 3 Comments /in Murder and Execution /by Sophie Collard [PAR] January 30th is the anniversary of both King Charles I\u2019s execution and Oliver Cromwell\u2019s second death, by \u2018posthumous execution\u2019. Travel Darkly went to visit the Oliver Cromwell and Charles I London execution sites and burial sites, as well as a burial site in Cambridge, to mark the anniversary\u2026 [PAR] Background [PAR] In the seventeenth century England was a Protestant country. It was ruled by King Charles I between 1625 and 1649 (when his head was chopped off). Charles I brought in all sorts of church reforms which seemed a bit too Roman Catholic for people like Oliver Cromwell. [PAR] Cromwell was a Puritan who had converted in his late twenties. He went to a iiammar school \u2013 where the Cromwell Museum that needs saving is now \u2013 and later to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge \u2013 where his head is buried in a secret location. [PAR] Sidney Sussex College \u00a9 Sophie Collard [PAR] Cromwell hated authority and powerful churchmen like the Bishop of Ely. He defended the rights of fenmen in Ely \u2013 who depended on the surrounding wetlands to make a living \u2013 against those who wanted to drain their land without compensating them. This earned him the title \u2018Lord of the Fens.\u2019 Following this, he was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge. He would later raise armies to fight against King Charles I in the English Civil Wars. These broke out when Parliament could no longer stand the changes Charles I was making to the church, or his insistence on running the country without having to consult them. [PAR] On one side"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Panzer V Panther - Tanks Encyclopedia Panzer V Panther [PAR] Panzer V Panther [PAR] Medium tank \u2013 6,334 built [PAR] One of the best tanks of WW2 [PAR] Military historians still debate about which was the best tank of the Second World War, but for all the polls and spec comparisons, the Panzer V Panther is always one of the contenders. Given its speed and off-road capabilities, tremendous firepower, protection, sophisticated targeting sights, use of equipment far ahead of its time (like infrared vision) and, last but not least, the more than 6000 machines built, the Panther can be compared to a main battle tank, years before the British Centurion appeared. Being one the best-balanced designs of WWII, it performed accordingly, with a fear capital almost rivaling that of the Tiger . [PAR] The Eastern Front as a catharsis [PAR] In June 1941, during a seemingly unstoppable advance, the first encounters with T-34s really shook the General Staff, as more and more reports signaled that a Russian tank was found superior to both the upgraded Panzer III and the Panzer IV . After many had been captured in relatively good order, Heinz Guderian ordered a full report to be drawn by a Panzerkommision, dispatched to assess the T-34 . It was noted that the combination of thick, well-sloped armor, a very effective 76.2 mm (3 in) gun and good power-to-weight ratio combined with large tracks meant that the Russian tank almost reached the \u201cimpossible triangle\u201d that characterized a perfect medium tank. This was unmatched in the German arsenal, raising concerns, which in turn needed prompt reactions. As soon as April 1942, both Daimler Benz and MAN AG were charged to design the VK 30.02, a 30-35 ton tank incorporating all the aspects underlined by the report. [PAR] DB and MAN designs [PAR] Daimler-Benz\u2019s design sported a well-sloped low hull, permitted by a well-proven, although \u201cold school\u201d solution with leaf spring suspensions combined with large doubled roadwheels and no return rollers. This gave the tank a low silhouette and narrow hull, and thus kept the weight under the allocated limit. At the same time, this restricted the turret ring diameter, which in turn limited the turret size. Like on the T-34 , the drive sprockets were at the rear and the turret was placed forward. The engine was a diesel. Even with a three-man turret, the internal space was cramped, and mounting the planned high velocity L/70 75 mm (2.95 in) gun proved very difficult. [PAR] On the other hand, MAN presented a much larger vehicle, with the transmission and drive sprockets at the front, a larger, roomier turret moved backwards and a gasoline engine. The torsion bar suspension required more internal space, a larger hull and tracks. For the suspension, MAN took inspiration from Henschel\u2019s Tiger design, with pairs of large interleaved wheels, which gave a lower ground pressure, better traction and mobility. This configuration also provided extra protection to the weaker lower hull sides. [PAR] Versucht Panther V2 (Fgst nr.V2), pre-production prototype, fall 1942. [PAR] From January until March 1942, these two prototypes were tested. Fritz Todt and, later, Albert Speer, replacing the former, both warmly recommended the DB design to Adolf Hitler. In the meantime, DB had reviewed its design in order to match the MAN proposal, and added the already existing Rheinmetall-Borsig turret, which allowed immediate production. MAN produced a mild steel prototype in September 1942, which started a new series of trials at Kummersdorf. These showed far superior mobility, even compared to the Panzer IV . The engine, for the sake of standardization, was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Battle of Newbury - English Civil War First Battle of Newbury - English Civil War [PAR] English Civil War [PAR] English Civil War: First Battle of Newbury [PAR] King Charles I of England. Photograph Source: Public Domain [PAR] Updated November 16, 2015. [PAR] First Battle of Newbury - Conflict & Date: [PAR] The First Battle of Newbury was fought September 20, 1643, during the English Civil War (1642-1651). [PAR] Armies & Commanders [PAR] Prince Rupert of the Rhine [PAR] Sir John Byron [PAR] 14,500 men [PAR] First Battle of Newbury - Background: [PAR] In the wake of the 1642 Battle of Edgehill , Royalist forces under King Charles I advanced towards London. En route, they captured Banbury, Oxford, and Reading before being halted by the Earl of Essex at the Battle of Turnham Green. In April 1643, Parliamentarian forces re-captured Reading while Charles' army was in winter quarters at Oxford. Despite this success, Essex's army suffered from widespread disease and proved unable to attack Charles directly. With the situation stalemated near London, Royalist forces in the west won a string of victories during the summer which culminated with Prince Rupert of the Rhine storming Bristol in late July. [PAR] Having united his western and Oxford armies for the operations against Bristol, Charles met with his commanders to decide their next move. After extensive discussions, he determined to allow the Western Army to operate independently against remaining Parliamentarian outposts in Dorset and Cornwall while the Oxford Army advanced on Gloucester. [PAR] First Battle of Newbury - Siege of Gloucester: [PAR] Moving against Gloucester, the Royalists believed that the city could be taken without a fight. This was due to intelligence that suggested its commander, Sir Edward Massie, might be willing to change allegiances. In early August, Charles' army reached Gloucester and promptly had its demands for surrender rebuffed by Massie. As a result, the Royalists were forced to begin siege operations. Despite active raiding by the city's garrison, the Royalists completed their siege lines and began bombarding Gloucester's defenses on August 12. With Charles working to reduce Gloucester's defenses, Essex, now leading the only Parliamentarian army in the field, frantically worked to bolster his numbers so that he could move to the city's aid. Reinforced by the London Trained Bands, he began moving west in late August. Battling heavy rains, the Parliamentarian army reached Gloucester on September 5 and encamped at Prestbury Hill. [PAR] First Battle of Newbury - Essex Retreats: [PAR] Alerted to Essex's arrival, Charles raised the siege and withdrew to the south. Though he relieved Gloucester's garrison, Essex's situation was precarious as he was unable to maintain his supply lines east. As a result, he began making preparations to retreat back towards London. Aware of Essex's predicament, Charles sought to block the Parliamentarian's route to the capital and inflict a decisive defeat. On September 10, Essex crossed the River Severn with the goal of convincing the Royalists that he was making for Worcester. The ruse worked as Charles moved his army north to Evesham. Four nights later, Essex conducted a forced march south from Tewkesbury with the intention of reaching London via Swindon, Newbury, and Reading. Passing through Cirencester the next day, the Parliamentarians surprised two Royalist cavalry regiments and captured supplies intended for Charles' army. [PAR] Learning of Essex's change of course, Charles raced south. Advancing with Rupert's cavalry in the lead, the Royalists closed the distance quickly as Essex's men battled poor weather and muddy roads. Reaching Aldbourne Chase on September 18, Rupert engaged the Parliamentarian rear guard. The battle led to Essex"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ISM Military History Quiz - Page 16 - International Scale ... ISM Military History Quiz - Page 16 - International Scale Modeller [PAR] International Scale Modeller [PAR] Joined: Thu Dec 11, 2014 1:13 pm [PAR] Location: Surrey,England,UK. [PAR] Post by privatepete \u00bb Thu Nov 24, 2016 6:05 am [PAR] Questions & Answers For 23-11-2016 [PAR] Q: What is the senior service of the UK armed forces? [PAR] A: Royal Navy. [PAR] Q: Who commands the Army according to the Bill Of Rights of 1869? [PAR] A: Parliament (Government). [PAR] Q: Who is commander in chief for the UK's Armed Forces? [PAR] A: The reigning Monarch (at present Queen Elizabeth II). [PAR] Q: What is the highest military rank in the army, the navy and the Royal Air Force? [PAR] A: Army - Field Marshall, RAF - Marshall of the Royal Air Force, RN - Admiral of the Fleet. [PAR] Q: The Royal Air Force's ground defence unit is called what? [PAR] A: RAF Regiment. [PAR] Post by privatepete \u00bb Fri Nov 25, 2016 6:06 am [PAR] Questions & Answers For 24-11-2016 [PAR] Q:What type of aircraft was used to drop bombs in the first German air raids on London in 1915? [PAR] A: A Zeppelin. [PAR] Q:What was the name of the Japanese destroyer that sank PT-109, commanded by Lt. John F. Kennedy, on August 2, 1943? [PAR] A: Amigiri. [PAR] Q:In what war was the color khaki first used for uniforms? [PAR] A: The Afghan War in 1880--the color was considered good camouflage. [PAR] Q:Who was issued ID number 01 when the U.S. military started issuing dog tags in 1918? [PAR] A: General John J. Pershing. [PAR] Good Luck. [PAR] Post by privatepete \u00bb Sat Nov 26, 2016 6:22 am [PAR] Questions& Answers For 25-11-2016 [PAR] Q:At which naval battle in WWII did the Americans decisively defeat the Japanese Carrier Task Force? [PAR] A:Battle of Midway [PAR] Q:In 1944 what was the name of the operation to take key bridges over major rivers in Holland by airborne and land force assaults? [PAR] Q:Market-Garden [PAR] Q:After which battle did the British Life Guards first obtain their breast-plates? [PAR] A:Waterloo - from Napoleon's defeated Cuirassier's breast-plates. [PAR] Q:Which WWI battle occurred on a peninsular south of Istanbul in Turkey? [PAR] A: Gallipoli [PAR] Q:Which ancient, fierce warrior nation, upon attacking ancient Israel, \u2018\u2026. came down like a wolf on the fold\u2019? [PAR] A:The Assyrians.[DOC] [TLE] Breaking the Siege | c o m m o n p l a c e s - albrooke.com Breaking the Siege | c o m m o n p l a c e s [PAR] c o m m o n p l a c e s [PAR] it's always more complicated than that [PAR] Menu [PAR] A Pattern of Prayer, part 3: A Pattern of Desperation [PAR] February 28, 2016 | 2 Kings 19-20 [PAR] (Hezekiah\u2019s prayers) [PAR] Before the period of modern warfare, it was common for cities to be fortified and for attackers to camp outside the walls, laying siege to the city, hoping that starvation and plague would defeat the defenders. When surrounded by a competent army, it was difficult for a city to break the siege without outside help. [PAR] Air access now make sieges less likely, but occasionally they have been used in modern wars. [PAR] You will recall that in August 1939, Hitler and Stalin entered into a non-aggression pact which divided Poland and a number of other countries between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia. This pact cleared the way for Germany to invade Poland and begin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Midway - World War II - HISTORY.com Battle of Midway - World War II - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Midway [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States defeated Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. Thanks in part to major advances in code breaking, the United States was able to preempt and counter Japan\u2019s planned ambush of its few remaining aircraft carriers, inflicting permanent damage on the Japanese Navy. An important turning point in the Pacific campaign, the victory allowed the United States and its allies to move into an offensive position. [PAR] Google [PAR] This fleet engagement between U.S. and Japanese navies in the north-central Pacific Ocean resulted from Japan\u2019s desire to sink the American aircraft carriers that had escaped destruction at Pearl Harbor . Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku, Japanese fleet commander, chose to invade a target relatively close to Pearl Harbor to draw out the American fleet, calculating that when the United States began its counterattack, the Japanese would be prepared to crush them. Instead, an American intelligence breakthrough\u2013the solving of the Japanese fleet codes\u2013enabled Pacific Fleet commander Admiral Chester W. Nimitz to understand the exact Japanese plans. Nimitz placed available U.S. carriers in position to surprise the Japanese moving up for their preparatory air strikes on Midway Island itself. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Six months before the Battle of Midway, the islands were attacked on December 7, 1941, less than two hours after Pearl Harbor. [PAR] The intelligence interplay would be critical to the outcome of the battle and began many weeks before the clash of arms. American radio nets in the Pacific picked up various orders Yamamoto had dispatched to prepare his forces for the operation. As early as May 2, messages that were intercepted began to indicate some forthcoming operation, and a key fact, the planned day-of-battle position of the Japanese carriers, would be divulged in a notice sent on May 16. By the time Nimitz had to make final decisions, the Japanese plans and order of battle had been reconstructed in considerable detail. [PAR] American combat forces took over where intelligence efforts left off. Scouts found the Japanese early in the morning of June 4. Although initial strikes by Midway-based planes were not successful, American carrier-based planes turned the tide. Torpedo bombers became separated from the American dive-bombers and were slaughtered (36 of 42 shot down), but they diverted Japanese defenses just in time for the dive-bombers to arrive; some of them had become lost, and now by luck they found the Japanese. The Japanese carriers were caught while refueling and rearming their planes, making them especially vulnerable. The Americans sank four fleet carriers\u2013the entire strength of the task force\u2013Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu, with 322 aircraft and over five thousand sailors. The Japanese also lost the heavy cruiser Mikuma. American losses included 147 aircraft and more than three hundred seamen. [PAR] Analysts often point to Japanese aircraft losses at Midway as eliminating the power of the Imperial Navy\u2019s air arm, but in fact about two-thirds of air crews survived. More devastating was the loss of trained mechanics and aircraft ground crews who went down with the ships. Some historians see Midway as the turning point in the Pacific theater of the war, after which Americans rode straight to Tokyo; others view it as a cusp in the war, after which initiative hung in the balance, to swing toward the Allies in the Guadalcanal campaign. Either way, Midway ranks as a truly decisive battle."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1944 Events Timeline of World War 2 World War 2 Events of 1944 [PAR] World War 2 Events of 1944 [PAR] World War 2 Events of 1944 [PAR] 1944 proved the critical year for the war, the offensives of 1943 finally beginning to show their fruits throughout both theaters of war. [PAR] There are a total of (266) entries in the World War 2 Events of 1944. Entries are listed below by earliest date to latest date. [PAR] January 1st [PAR] 1944 [PAR] A message to subordinates by US Army Air Force commanding general General H.H. Hap Arnold calls for the destruction of the German Luftwaffe before Allied landings can begin. [PAR] January 11th [PAR] The first major Allied offensive to take Cassino is launched. [PAR] January 11th [PAR] French Expeditionary Corps assail the outer defences at Cassino, achieving modest gains. [PAR] January 14th [PAR] 1944 [PAR] Soviet armies from the 2nd Baltic, Volkov and Leningrad fronts overtake German Army Group North in a massive two-week offensive. [PAR] January 16th [PAR] The US IC Corps and the French Expeditionary Corps arrive at Rapido River. [PAR] January 17th [PAR] The US is involved in their first major assault on Cassino. [PAR] January 18th - February 9th [PAR] US forces begin making headway through the Liri Valley, capturing ground at Monte Calvario. [PAR] January 21st [PAR] 1944 [PAR] In the afternoon hours, an Allied convoy of 243 ships sets sail from the Bay of Naples for the beaches at Anzio and nearby Nettuno. [PAR] January 22nd [PAR] By 12AM midnight, some 45,000 Allied troops and 3,000 vehicles are on the beaches. [PAR] January 22nd [PAR] American forces hold the line at Mussolini Canal. [PAR] January 22nd [PAR] British forces hold the line at River Moletta. [PAR] January 22nd [PAR] 1944 [PAR] Operation Shingle, the amphibious landings at Anzio, is enacted by the Allied. In lead is the US VI Corps under Major-General John Lucas. [PAR] January 23rd [PAR] The German Luftwaffe begins heavy strafing attacks and bombardment of Allied forces. [PAR] January 23rd [PAR] 1944 [PAR] German Colonel-General von Mackensen takes control of the new 14th Army headquartered 30 miles west of Rome. [PAR] January 23rd [PAR] The Anzio beachhead is consolidated into a concentrated pocket on the orders of Lucas. [PAR] January 25th [PAR] 1944 [PAR] The Anzio beachhead continues to grow with Allied troops and equipment, making it a prime target for the regrouping Germans. [PAR] January 27th [PAR] The siege of Leningrad is declared by Soviet leader Stalin as over. [PAR] January 27th [PAR] The Moscow-Leningrad railway route is reopened in favor of the Soviets. [PAR] January 28th [PAR] The Germans are driven back at Cisterna. [PAR] January 28th [PAR] 1944 [PAR] By this date, some 70,000 men, 27,000 tons of goods, 508 artillery guns and 237 tanks are ashore on the beachhead. [PAR] January 28th [PAR] 1944 [PAR] Hitler delivers an ultimatum to supreme commander-in-chief over Italy operations, Field Marshall Kesselring, to fight to the death and drive the invading Allied forces into the sea. [PAR] January 28th [PAR] Von Mackensen moves six divisions to Anzio, some ten miles of the Allied beachhead. [PAR] January 28th [PAR] The US 1st Armored Division captures the town of Aprilia. [PAR] January 28th [PAR] German Army Group North is pushed away from the city of Leningrad. [PAR] January 30th [PAR] The Allies suffer some 5,000 casualties in the Anzio action by this date. [PAR] January 31st [PAR] Von Mackensen's forces now number some eight divisions in strength. [PAR] February 10th [PAR] 1944 [PAR] In a counter offensive, crack German"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ISM Military History Quiz - Page 16 - International Scale ... ISM Military History Quiz - Page 16 - International Scale Modeller [PAR] International Scale Modeller [PAR] Joined: Thu Dec 11, 2014 1:13 pm [PAR] Location: Surrey,England,UK. [PAR] Post by privatepete \u00bb Thu Nov 24, 2016 6:05 am [PAR] Questions & Answers For 23-11-2016 [PAR] Q: What is the senior service of the UK armed forces? [PAR] A: Royal Navy. [PAR] Q: Who commands the Army according to the Bill Of Rights of 1869? [PAR] A: Parliament (Government). [PAR] Q: Who is commander in chief for the UK's Armed Forces? [PAR] A: The reigning Monarch (at present Queen Elizabeth II). [PAR] Q: What is the highest military rank in the army, the navy and the Royal Air Force? [PAR] A: Army - Field Marshall, RAF - Marshall of the Royal Air Force, RN - Admiral of the Fleet. [PAR] Q: The Royal Air Force's ground defence unit is called what? [PAR] A: RAF Regiment. [PAR] Post by privatepete \u00bb Fri Nov 25, 2016 6:06 am [PAR] Questions & Answers For 24-11-2016 [PAR] Q:What type of aircraft was used to drop bombs in the first German air raids on London in 1915? [PAR] A: A Zeppelin. [PAR] Q:What was the name of the Japanese destroyer that sank PT-109, commanded by Lt. John F. Kennedy, on August 2, 1943? [PAR] A: Amigiri. [PAR] Q:In what war was the color khaki first used for uniforms? [PAR] A: The Afghan War in 1880--the color was considered good camouflage. [PAR] Q:Who was issued ID number 01 when the U.S. military started issuing dog tags in 1918? [PAR] A: General John J. Pershing. [PAR] Good Luck. [PAR] Post by privatepete \u00bb Sat Nov 26, 2016 6:22 am [PAR] Questions& Answers For 25-11-2016 [PAR] Q:At which naval battle in WWII did the Americans decisively defeat the Japanese Carrier Task Force? [PAR] A:Battle of Midway [PAR] Q:In 1944 what was the name of the operation to take key bridges over major rivers in Holland by airborne and land force assaults? [PAR] Q:Market-Garden [PAR] Q:After which battle did the British Life Guards first obtain their breast-plates? [PAR] A:Waterloo - from Napoleon's defeated Cuirassier's breast-plates. [PAR] Q:Which WWI battle occurred on a peninsular south of Istanbul in Turkey? [PAR] A: Gallipoli [PAR] Q:Which ancient, fierce warrior nation, upon attacking ancient Israel, \u2018\u2026. came down like a wolf on the fold\u2019? [PAR] A:The Assyrians."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fort Sumter - American Civil War - HISTORY.com Fort Sumter - American Civil War - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Fort Sumter: Construction and Design [PAR] Fort Sumter was first built in the wake of the War of 1812 (1812-1815), which had highlighted the United States\u2019 lack of strong coastal defenses. Named for Revolutionary War general and South Carolina native Thomas Sumter, Fort Sumter was one of nearly 50 forts built as part of the so-called Third System, a coastal defense program implemented by Congress in 1817. The three-tiered, five-sided fort\u2019s coastal placement was designed to allow it to control access to the vital Charleston Harbor. While the island itself was only 2.4 acres in size, the fort was built to accommodate a garrison of 650 soldiers and 135 artillery pieces. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] There were no casualties during the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter at the start of the American Civil War. The only Union deaths came during the evacuation: One soldier was killed and another mortally wounded in an accidental explosion during a planned 100-gun salute. [PAR] Construction of Fort Sumter first began in 1829 in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, on a manmade island built from thousands of tons of granite. Building ground to a halt in the 1830s amid a dispute over ownership of the stretch of the harbor, and did not resume until 1841. Like many Third System fortifications, Fort Sumter proved a costly endeavor, and construction slowed again in 1859 due to lack of funding. By 1860 the island and the outer fortifications were complete, but the fort\u2019s interior and armaments remained unfinished. [PAR] Fort Sumter: The First Battle of Fort Sumter [PAR] Construction of Fort Sumter was still underway when South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860. Despite Charleston\u2019s position as a major port, at the time only two companies of federal troops guarded the harbor. Commanded by Major Robert Anderson (1805-1871), these companies were stationed at Fort Moultrie, a dilapidated fortification facing the coastline. Recognizing that Fort Moultrie was vulnerable to a land assault, Anderson elected to abandon it for the more easily defensible Fort Sumter on December 26, 1860. South Carolina militia forces would seize the city\u2019s other forts shortly thereafter, leaving Fort Sumter as the lone federal outpost in Charleston. [PAR] A standoff ensued until January 9, 1861, when a ship called the Star of the West arrived in Charleston with over 200 U.S. troops and supplies intended for Fort Sumter. South Carolina militia batteries fired upon the vessel as it neared Charleston Harbor, forcing it to turn back to sea. Major Anderson refused repeated calls to abandon Fort Sumter, and by March 1861 there were over 3,000 militia troops besieging his garrison. A number of other U.S. military facilities in the Deep South had already been seized, and Fort Sumter was viewed by many as one of the South\u2019s few remaining hurdles to overcome before achieving sovereignty. [PAR] With the inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) in March 1861, the situation soon escalated. Knowing that Anderson and his men were running out of supplies, Lincoln announced his intention to send three unarmed ships to relieve Fort Sumter. Having already declared that any attempt to resupply the fort would be seen as an act of aggression, South Carolina militia forces soon scrambled to respond. On April 11, militia commander P.G.T. Beauregard (1818-1893) demanded that Anderson surrender the fort, but Anderson again refused. In response Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumter shortly after 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861. U.S. Captain Abner Doubleday (1819-1893)\u2014later famous for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tour the WW1 battle sites of Turkey's Gallipoli peninsula ... Tour the WW1 battle sites of Turkey's Gallipoli peninsula near Istanbul | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] There's something life-changing about a trip that's half-pilgrimage, half-holiday - as I found when I went on the trail of my ancestor, killed in 1915 at Gallipoli. My great-grandfather, the 5th Earl of Longford - father of the late Lord Longford, the prisons and anti-pornography campaigner - was one of the 34,000 Allied soldiers who died in the eight-month-long, disastrously bloody campaign. [PAR] This year marks the 95th anniversary of the battle - and of my great grandfather's death. I set out thinking it would be a worthy but mournful pilgrimage. I ended up stumbling upon an unspoilt chunk of heart-stoppingly pretty Turkish coastline, free from the tourist developments that have scarred so many resorts further east. [PAR] Safe harbour: Kilibahir port, near Gallipoli. Churchill's plan involved sending a flotilla of ships up the Dardanelles in World War I [PAR] The Gallipoli peninsula is around 150 miles south-west of Istanbul, with the Aegean on one side, and a thin channel of water, the Dardanelles, on the other, leading down from the Black Sea. The fatal campaign had been dreamt up by Winston Churchill. His idea was to send a flotilla of ships up the Dardanelles, take Istanbul and bring victory in World War I. [PAR] Ironically, those eight terrible months in 1915 ensured the area was made a national park, meaning Gallipoli's gently rolling hills and fields will remain unspoilt for ever. The air is rich with sweet-smelling rosemary, juniper and wild thyme. [PAR] Nightingales roost here, sending out their liquid songs across the vineyards. In spring, rich patches of wildflowers are strewn across the cliffs the Allies fought so hard to take. [PAR] The 5th Earl of Longford was one of the 34,000 Allied soldiers who died at Gallipoli [PAR] The beaches where they landed are deserted and sheltered, the water warm. You pretty much get the place to yourself, but for the gardeners of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, cropping the graveyards with military precision, and farmers tending their vines. [PAR] Turkish wine, by the way, is underrated. On the first evening, I took the edge off my tiredness with a bottle of Kavaklidere Anatolian, a dryish white wine. Look out, too, for Narbag, Turasan and Doluca wines. [PAR] There are two ways to visit Gallipoli. Holts Tours, the battlefield specialist, takes a six-day tour around all the major battle sites. [PAR] I preferred to go alone, flying to Istanbul, followed by a leisurely day's journey south to Gallipoli. [PAR] As you drive on the empty, well-kept road that weaves down the peninsula, on the right lies the Aegean Sea and, beyond, Greece. [PAR] Far in the distance lies Skyros, the island, where the poet Rupert Brooke died from a mosquito bite on his way to Gallipoli. To your left you have the Dardanelles and can see clearly across the blue-green water to the hazy, beige hills of Asia, only three miles away. [PAR] This stretch of the Dardanelles - also called the Hellespont - was swum by Lord Byron two centuries ago, in homage to the ancient Greek lovers, Hero and Leander. Every night, Leander would swim across the treacherous water, flowing fast and cold, south from the Black Sea, to see his lover, Hero, guided there by the flame she lit in her tower house. [PAR] One wintry night, the wind blew out Hero's flame, and Leander, lost in the swirling waters, drowned. [PAR] I stopped"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the highest mountain in England? - HubPages What is the highest mountain in England? [PAR] What is the highest mountain in England? [PAR] Updated on September 4, 2009 [PAR] What is the highest mountain in England? If you are looking for the answer to that very question you are in the right place. This page contains the details of the highest mountain in England, as well as a list of the top 10 highest mountain's in England should you ever want to answer the question ' What are the top 10 highest mountains in England?'. [PAR] A picture of Scafell Pike which is the highest mountain in England. This is the highest peak in the distance, second peak in from the left of the shot. Also included in the picture is the second highest mountain in England, Scafell, at the centre o [PAR] What is the highest mountain in England? [PAR] The short answer to the question 'What is the highest mountain in England?' is Scafell Pike. The height of this, the highest mountain in England, is 978 metres (3210 feet). [PAR] Scafell Pike is found within the Lake District National Park. The Lake District is an area of great beauty, located in north west of England, in the county of Cumbria. As can be guessed from the name, the Lake District is made up of many lakes. These have been formed in amongst the large mountains which can be found throughout the Lake District, the highest of which is Scafell Pike. [PAR] Scafell Pike itself is formed from igneous rock. Igneous rock is rock which has formed from the cooling of magma/lava. The rock from Scafell Pike probably formed during the Ordovician Period which occurred approximately 450 million years ago. As such the rocks are very old. Over the years Scafell Pike has been weathered and eroded by a large number of different actions. This has led to it having it's present day shape. In addition, Scafell Pike has the highest boulder field in England, which again was probably formed through weathering. [PAR] Since Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England it is very popular with walkers and mountain climbers and so on days with good weather the paths can be very busy. However, as with all mountaineering, the weather can change quickly and so safety precautions need to be taken. Scafell Pike is also popular with people who attempt to collect highest mountains. This means that they have managed to climb the highest mountain in a given country. There are many people who attempt to climb Ben Nevis (the highest mountain in Scotland), Snowdon (the highest mountain in Wales) and Scafell Pike (the highest mountain in England). [PAR] Scafell Pike is also popular since it's location. It is relatively close to many large population centres, such as Manchester and Liverpool. Most people travel to Scafell Pike by car, along the M6 from Manchester and then the A595. [PAR] What are the ten highest mountains in England? [PAR] Mountain[DOC] [TLE] What is England's Highest Mountain? - Geolounge What is England's Highest Mountain? - Geolounge [PAR] 5 [PAR] Total Shares [PAR] The highest mountain in England is called Scafell Pike. Found at 978 metres (3,209 ft) above sea level, Scafell Pike is located in Lake District National Park in Cumbria. [PAR] Ad: [PAR] The mountain is comprised of igneous rock. The shattered rock debris, thought to be from weathering such as frost action, that covers the plateau makes Scafell Pike the highest altitude example of a summit boulder field in England. [PAR] Scafell Pike also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aberdeen Quest - Granite City Aberdeen Quest - Granite City [PAR] Granite City [PAR] Art Factsheets [PAR] Granite City [PAR] The planet we live on is made of rock. There are different kinds of rock that have been formed in different ways. Different types of rock are found in different places. Aberdeen is well known as a Granite City. Many of the buildings in Aberdeen are made out of granite. Granite is a hard rock that is often used as a building material. [PAR] There was once a huge granite quarry in Aberdeen called Rubislaw Quarry. Aberdeen Town Council owned the land with the quarry. In 1788 the Council thought it was no good and sold the land. But Rubislaw Quarry turned out to be very good. Hundreds of thousands of tons of granite were quarried. [PAR] By the time the quarry closed, almost 200 years later in 1971 it was about 137 meters deep. The grey granite from Rubislaw was used in many of Aberdeen's buildings. Granite from Aberdeen was also used to pave roads in London. [PAR] Working with granite required a lot of skill. In the early days of Aberdeen's granite industry, all cutting was done by hand using hammers and chisels. Skilled men could make square blocks with flat surfaces using picks. Pneumatic tools started to be used in the 1890s. Pneumatic tools are tools powered by compressed air. High-pressure air is forced into the holder which holds a chisel. The chisel is forced up and down. This cuts the granite. The tools came from the USA. Air powered tools needed less strength to work, but still required a lot of skill. [PAR] Working with granite could be very dangerous, especially in quarries where explosives were used. When granite dust was breathed in it damaged workers' lungs. Breathing in granite dust causes a disease called silicosis. It makes breathing very difficult. Many masons died from this disease."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aquae Sulis | Sue Vincent \u2013 Daily Echo Aquae Sulis | Sue Vincent's Daily Echo [PAR] Sue Vincent's Daily Echo [PAR] Posted on February 17, 2016 by Sue Vincent [PAR] Aquae Sulis\u2026 the waters of the Sulis\u2026 that was the Roman name for the city of Bath. It is easy to understand why when, since time immemorial, a hot and mineral-rich spring has welled from the ground; the only hot spring in Britain. We didn\u2019t visit properly this time, though I have in the past, but we did see the King\u2019s Pool with its statue of Bladud and the strange stone chair that juts out from the wall over the steaming pool, that was the designated seat of the Master of the Baths. [PAR] You can no longer bathe in the waters here as was once the custom, largely because the water is still chanelled through the old Roman pipework made of lead. That is something of a marvel in itself, as the Romans first stared building the temple here, with the sacrd spring at its heart, around 60AD and added to the complex over the nest 300 years. Even so, what remains is over seventeen hundred years old and a fine indication of the glories of a Roman bath house. Close by, however, there are facilities to both drink and bathe in the waters, long considered therapeutic, with the water now flowing through modern plumbing. [PAR] The spring and baths are hidden behind and below the elegant facade of a later era. Bath rose to popularity many times over the centuries, becoming a fashionable watering place or spa town and each era has left its mark. Yet the spring is older by far than those whose stones and mortar now enclose it. [PAR] There was already a shrine to the Celtic goddess Sulis at the spring, long before the Romans came. From the many offerings and inscribed tablets found here, it would seem that she was seen as a healing and nurturing mother-goddess, while her name suggests some connection with the eye or the sun. Perhaps there was something of both\u2026 the two go together, and perhaps too we can imagine that there might have been seers at the Sacred Spring\u2026 those who see by a different light than that of the physical sun. [PAR] Sulis-Minerva. Image: Rodw [PAR] Instead of ousting Sulis when they came and replacing her with a Roman deity, the Romans saw her as Sulis-Minerva and added wisdom to her gifts\u2026 or recognised, perhaps, that her nature was similar to that of their own goddess. A beautiful gilded bronze bust was found in 1727 depicting the the Romano-British deity. [PAR] On the front of the Roman temple was the huge plaque now described as a Gorgon because of the entwined snakes of his hair and beard. I am no scholar, but all the Gorgons I know about were female\u2026 and they didn\u2019t look quite so solar\u2026or have wings in their hair\u2026He looks solar to me, or perhaps combines all the elements of earth, air, fire and water in the symbol. In fact, if I wasn\u2019t going to opt for a solar deity, then rather than a Gorgon, I\u2019d say he looks more like our Green Man. [PAR] The dubious Gorgon. Image: Rodw [PAR] Or maybe he is at least partly responsible for the legends surrounding Bladud, the legendary King of the Britons. Bladud, whose name may come from the Welsh for \u2018wolf-lord\u2019, has left no trace in history and may never have existed before Geoffrey of Monmouth\u2019s truly fabulous Historia Regum Britanniae, where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Outdoor Places to Visit near Wookey Hole, Nr. Wells, Somerset Outdoor Places to Visit near Wookey Hole, Nr. Wells, Somerset [PAR] Outdoor Places to Visit near Wookey Hole, Nr. Wells, Somerset [PAR] Wookey House [PAR] the [PAR] Luxury Self Catering & Dog Friendly Accommodation [PAR] the WOOKEY House 3 School Mews School Hill Wookey Hole Somerset BA5 1BZ T: 01458 259577 M: 07981 438988 [PAR] www.tripadvisor.co.uk [PAR] Places to Visit - Countryside [PAR] THE MENDIP HILLS \u2013 for walking, climbing, caving, cycling or just for lunch \u2013 The Mendip Hills (commonly called the Mendips) is a range of limestone hills to the south of Bristol and Bath in Somerset. Running east to west between Weston-super-Mare and Frome, the hills overlook the Somerset Levels to the south and the Avon Valley to the north. The hills give their name to the local government district of Mendip, which administers most of the area. [PAR] The hills are largely formed from Carboniferous Limestone, which is quarried at several sites. The higher, western part of the hills has been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), which gives it a level of protection comparable to a national park. The AONB is 198 km\u00b2 (76 sq mi). The Mendip Hills AONB and Somerset County Council's outdoor education centre is at the Charterhouse Centre near Blagdon. [PAR] A wide range of outdoor sports and leisure activities take place in the Mendips, many based on the particular geology of the area. The hills are recognised as a national centre for caving and cave diving, as well as being popular with climbers, hillwalkers and natural historians. [PAR] The Mendip Hills [PAR] Visit Somerset [PAR] Ebbor Gorge [PAR] Craggy limestone outcrops, Limestone scree slopes and lush wooded valleys are on offer in this Mendip reserve. Some 200,000 years ago the huge cavern that formed Ebbor Gorge collapsed and left behind a number of small caves where reindeer, cave bear and wolf remains have been discovered. Artefacts and bones from Neolithic people who sheltered in these caves 5000 years ago are on show at Wells museum. Three trails are available. [PAR] The 2km red route takes about 1 hour and includes a strenuous scramble up the gorge. Robust footwear is recommended. The 1km black route takes you along a woodland ramble lush with ferns, mosses and fungi. It takes about half an hour. The easy access blue route takes about 15 minutes and is ideal for wheel chairs and pushchairs [PAR] GeoTimes [PAR] CHEDDAR GORGE is a limestone gorge in the Mendip Hills, near the village of Cheddar. The gorge is the site of the Cheddar show caves, where Britain's oldest complete human skeleton, Cheddar Man, estimated to be 9,000 years old, was found in 1903. Older remains from the Upper Late Palaeolithic era (12,000\u201313,000 years ago) have been found. [PAR] The caves, produced by the activity of an underground river, contain stalactites and stalagmites. Cheddar Gorge, including the caves and other attractions, has become a tourist destination. [PAR] In a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, following its appearance on the 2005 television programme Seven Natural Wonders, Cheddar Gorge was named as the second greatest natural wonder in Britain, surpassed only by Dan yr Ogof caves. The gorge attracts about 500,000 visitors per year [PAR] The Somerset Levels [PAR] THE SOMERSET LEVELS \u2013 these wonderful wetalnds barely reach 8m above sea level and the land was permanently under water just 6,500 years ago. it is thought that the summer grazing land on the levels and moors may have given rise to the name Summerseata \u2013\u2018land of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coastal Kent - South East England | Luxury Holiday Rentals ... Coastal Kent - South East England | Luxury Holiday Rentals In Kent, UK [PAR] Search by one of the criteria. [PAR] Coastal Kent [PAR] Coastal Kent Holiday Cottages\u2026 See Coastal Kent Attractions \u2026 [PAR] Kent boasts some of the most vibrant, historical and diverse coastlines in the UK, from award winning \u2018Blue Flag\u2019 beaches and nature reserves to bustling seaside towns and the Port of Dover. Starting off with the famous marshes packed with wildlife in the south working up through the sandy dunes of New Romney to the White Cliffs of Dover in the east and finally around the quaint towns of Ramsgate, Margate, Whitstable and Chatham along the northerly stretch of the coastline. [PAR] Historically the Kent coast is highlighted throughout the history books, being the main portal to the continent for millennia \u2013 hosting the scenes of many fearsome battles and being one of England\u2019s main landmarks for traders and visitors from all over the globe. Wherever you go up the coast you will never be too far from one of the magnificent castles that imprint themselves in the land whether it be Dover, Lympne, Walmer or Deal these vast structures still feature heavily in the local geography and demonstrate the lavish palatial residences and defenses of our ancestral royalty. [PAR] There are a great deal of attractions in the coastal regions of Kent and you can really explore the local lifestyle well in the seaside towns. Deal has a fantastic market (every Wednesday) as does Whitstable (every 2nd and 4th Saturday of each Month) selling fresh produce from the around the area. A little further inland are two world renowned animal parks as a part of The Aspinal Foundation, Port Lympne (Located in Lympne) and Howletts (located just outside of Canterbury) where you can see animal conservation in action. They provide a fantastic day out for the family and support a great cause in protecting endangered species from around the world. [PAR] A stone\u2019s-throw over the border is the amazing town of Rye in East Sussex with its ancient cobbled streets and landmarks winding their way up the hill dominating the skyline for miles around. [PAR] Also encompassed in this area is the medieval city of Canterbury which has a great variety of shopping, restaurants and culture \u2013 including the newly renovated Marlowe Theatre and the stunning Cathedral as the centerpiece of this vibrant city. Hythe is also great for eating out and has a quaint boutique high street for shoppers, the Chocolate Deli is a must! [PAR] The best beaches in the area include Bottany Bay in Broadstairs, Camber Sands and Winchelsea Beach on the south coastline. Some of the best wildlife can be found on the Romney Marsh which has been noted for it\u2019s diverse population of different plants and animals as well as being draped in history. The famous church of Thomas Becket can be found isolated in the marshland and is a very picturesque place to visit. [PAR] Traveling to this area of Kent, the UK even, is made so accessible by the fast links to continental Europe and London. The Eurostar provides services which run from London stopping off on the way through Kent and taking passengers right into Europe. Equally high speed rail links from many stations across the county can take you to London in no time at all. Ferries coming in and out of Dover or Eurotunnel in Folkestone can be a great and very cheap way of transporting the whole family across the channel."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site The Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site [PAR] It was a nightmare scenario \u2013 a huge container ship heading down the English Channel is severely damaged in a Read More\u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 2017 - Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site Partnership"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chewton Bunny Nature Reserve, Highcliffe on Sea ... Chewton Bunny Nature Reserve, Highcliffe on Sea, Christchurch, Dorset. England. ( 4 ) - YouTube [PAR] Chewton Bunny Nature Reserve, Highcliffe on Sea, Christchurch, Dorset. England. ( 4 ) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Sep 8, 2012 [PAR] Highcliffe-on-Sea ( usually abbreviated to Highcliffe ) is a small town in the borough of Christchurch, Dorset in southern England. It forms part of the South East Dorset conurbation along the English Channel coast. The town lies on a picturesque stretch of Solent coastline with views of the Isle of Wight and its Needles rock formation. In 1838 a large ship the Herman Julius 336 tons, was wrecked at Chuton ( Chewton ) Bunny. The crew of 11 were saved, one was lost overboard before she struck. Bemister and Holloway purchased the wreck. [PAR] In 1999 The Highcliffe Stables Community Trust tried to save the 100 year old stable block at The Globe as an exhibition centre for the community but poor construction and lack of funds made it impossible. Christchurch Council applied and obtained a licence to hold wedding ceremonies at the Castle. In 1999 there were six weddings. In 2003 the number was 120 weddings. [PAR] In 1994 Major restoration of Highcliffe Castle was assured with a grant of \u00a32.6 million from the Lottery Fund [PAR] Highcliffe lies close to the historic town of Christchurch, the resort town of Bournemouth, and the New Forest National Park. Highcliffe's position on the middle of England's south coast gives it a climate with milder winters than inland areas and less rainfall than locations further west. This helped establish the town as a popular health and leisure resort during the late Victorian and early Edwardian eras. [PAR] What is now regarded as Highcliffe has developed over the last several hundred years from the hamlet of Slop Pond, the Chewton Estate, and Chewton Common. The latter two also contained large farmsteads. Slop Pond was a collection of thatched cottages, named from the large pond on its common. The cottages were said[by whom?] to be occupied by farm workers and fishermen, who engaged in the smuggling and poaching trade now notorious in local history. [PAR] When the area became a more popular tourist destination in the Victorian era, Slop Pond was renamed Newtown. It was later then changed to Highcliff, after the first High Cliff house, and soon became known as Highcliffe-on-Sea. [PAR] Between 1831 and 1835, Lord Stuart de Rothesay built a Gothic Revival home Highcliffe Castle on the site of High Cliff house, his father's Georgian estate. The design, by William Donthorne, a founder member of RIBA, incorporated large quantities of carved Medieval stonework salvaged from the Norman Benedictine Abbey of St Peter at Jumieges and the Grande Maison des Andelys. Highcliffe Castle is now a Grade 1 listed building described as the most important remaining example of the Romantic and Picturesque style of architecture, and now holds events throughout the year open to the public. It is also a popular venue for weddings and other private events. [PAR] The area also has a strong literary connection and was once a centre for Wicca with Gerald Gardner living in Highlands Avenue. Captain Frederick Marryat, author of The Children of The New Forest, was a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Savour the wilds of the UK\u2019s first national park ... Savour the wilds of the UK\u2019s first national park | VisitEngland [PAR] Savour the wilds of the UK\u2019s first national park [PAR] Peak District, Derbyshire [PAR] Read more \u2026 Close \u00d7 [PAR] The Peak District National Park became Britain's first national park in 1951 and offers some of the most dramatic natural landscapes in the country. The rugged gritsone uplands, undulating limestone dales and heather-clad vistas provide an ever-changing natural spectacle throughout the year; whether cycling, horse riding, climbing or simply on foot, there are endless ways to take in the breathtaking scenery. [PAR] Walkers can retrace the footsteps of the pioneering ramblers who, in 1932, defied landowners by walking from Hayfield up on to Kinder Scout \u2013 the highest, and one of the most spectacular parts of the park. The Mass Trespass of 1932 is considered to be behind the right to roam enjoyed in Britain today. [PAR] The park is around 3 hours by car and train from London, and half an hour from Manchester. Sheffield in South Yorkshire is just 15 minute\u2019s drive, and makes an excellent base for explorers [PAR] Content provided by Visit Peak District & Derbyshire"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billy Elliot (2000) - IMDb Billy Elliot (2000) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A talented young boy becomes torn between his unexpected love of dance and the disintegration of his family. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 08 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 30 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Billy Elliot \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 54 wins & 63 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Six unemployed steel workers form a male striptease act. The women cheer them on to go for \"the full monty\" - total nudity. [PAR] Director: Peter Cattaneo [PAR] The daughter of orthodox Sikh rebels against her parents' traditionalism and joins a football team. [PAR] Director: Gurinder Chadha [PAR] A talented young dancer has to learn to fight for his dream despite social and parental disapproval. [PAR] Directors: Stephen Daldry, Brett Sullivan [PAR] Stars: Elliott Hanna, Ollie Jochim, Bradley Perret [PAR] The story of how the novel \"Mrs. Dalloway\" affects three generations of women, all of whom, in one way or another, have had to deal with suicide in their lives. [PAR] Director: Stephen Daldry [PAR] A cynical, immature young man is taught how to act like a grown-up by a little boy. [PAR] Directors: Chris Weitz, Paul Weitz [PAR] Stars: Hugh Grant, Nicholas Hoult, Toni Collette [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] County Durham, during the endless, violent 1984 strike against the Thatcher closure of British coal mines. Widower Jackie Elliot and his firstborn, fellow miner Tony, take a dim view of 11 year-old second son Billy's poor record in boxing class, which worsens when they discover he sneakily transferred to the neighboring, otherwise girls-only-attended ballet class. Only one schoolmate, closet-gay Michael Caffrey, encourages Billy's desire, aroused by the teacher, who judged him talented enough for private lesson, to train and try out for the world-renowned Royal Ballet audition. Only the prospect of a fancy career unimagined in the pauper quarter may twist pa and big brother's opposition to indispensable support. Written by KGF Vissers [PAR] See All (248) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] Inside every one of us is a special talent waiting to come out. The trick is finding it. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 10 November 2000 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] \u00a31,541,109 (UK) (29 September 2000) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Julie Walters admittedly went through the menopause during the production and considered the filming of the dance sequences to be painful. She needed several breaks because she experienced hot flashes. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Jackie is inside the bus leading to the mine, an egg hits his window (at around 1h 14 mins), but when the bus is viewed from outside, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Twist in 'Pulp Fiction' | Top 10 Movie Dance Scenes ... The Twist in 'Pulp Fiction' | Top 10 Movie Dance Scenes | TIME.com [PAR] Top 10 Movie Dance Scenes [PAR] By Claire Suddath Dec. 02, 2010 [PAR] Everett [PAR] Get This Movie [PAR] We already knew John Travolta could dance. He discoed and hand-jived his way to stardom in Saturday Night Fever and Grease. But in the 1980s Travolta\u2019s career fizzled and we sort of forgot about him because \u2014 let\u2019s be honest, here \u2014 we have pretty short attention spans. But in 1994, Travolta made his comeback in Quentin Tarantino\u2019s stylized crime film Pulp Fiction. His smooth, understated twists to Chuck Berry\u2019s \u201cYou Never Can Tell\u201d were so cool, we hardly noticed his weight gain and thinning hair. If we were coked up Uma Thurman, we\u2019d let our Mob-boss boyfriend set us up with John Travolta any day.[DOC] [TLE] What makes the dance sequence from Pulp Fiction so iconic ... What makes the dance sequence from Pulp Fiction so iconic? - Movies & TV Stack Exchange [PAR] What makes the dance sequence from Pulp Fiction so iconic? [PAR] up vote 10 down vote favorite [PAR] Various sources say that John Travolta and Uma Thurman's dance sequence is \"now-famous\" and \"iconic\", some compare it to how Travolta danced earlier in movies like Grease and Saturday Night Fever. But what is it exactly about this scene that makes it iconic and noteworthy compared to other scenes in the film? [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] I think it's mostly because this was Travolta's \"come-back\" movie and they had to go that far back to compare it. It's all a matter of opinion. To me the scene is annoying. The bar and dialogue were interesting, then the too-long-for-me dance number. It snapped me out of the movie and reminded me I wasn't watching Vincent Vega, I was watching that guy from Boy in the Plastic Bubble and Saturday Night Fever. ;) \u2013 Meat Trademark Mar 15 '14 at 2:26 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] @MeatTrademark I understand that it snapped you out of the movie since that scene seems like a postmodern take on Travolta's career, not his character. I would like to see someone knowledgeable clarify that though. Regardless of what one may think about the merit of the scene, it is hard to argue that it's not iconic. \u2013 Sid Mar 15 '14 at 3:02 [PAR] 2 [PAR] [PAR] That's why I left it as a comment not an answer. And \"iconic,\" like \"brilliant,\" is thrown around too much these days. It only sullies any importance the word used to carry. When I think of that movie, at least five other scenes pop into my head before that one. I acknowledge that it resonated with a lot of people, I just don't think it deserves the respect it got. It seems like fluff to me and doesn't further the narrative in any meaningful way than any other \"bonding\" experience could have. It's too \"LOOK! Travolta dancing!\" for my tastes. (Plus I blame this movie for Battlefield Earth.) \u2013 Meat Trademark Mar 15 '14 at 3:16 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] @MeatTrademark \"(Plus I blame this movie for Battlefield Earth.)\" That's a large heaping load of 'blame' for any movie to have to carry! ;) \u2013 Andrew Thompson Mar 15 '14 at 8:14 [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] @MeatTrademark I came upon a discussion by Ebert of this particular scene: rogerebert.com/reviews/be-cool-2005 (see the first four paragraphs). He also agreed with you that seeing Travolta dancing reminds you immediately of the man from Saturday Night Fever,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pain's People: Former TV dancer Babs ... - Daily Mail Online Pain's People: Former TV dancer Babs Powell suffers from a debilitating arthritic condition caused in part by her strenuous career | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Pain's People: Former TV dancer Babs Powell suffers from a debilitating arthritic condition caused in part by her strenuous career [PAR] Updated: 17:30 EST, 4 December 2010 [PAR] comments [PAR] Three years ago, at the age of 61, former Pan's People dancer Babs Powell awoke with an unusual feeling of stiffness in her hips and strange flu-like symptoms. [PAR] For a woman who only six years before had sailed around the world and was just about to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, this was not an ailment she anticipated. [PAR] Seventies heyday: Babs Powell, pictured with actor husband Robert, suffers from PMR [PAR] 'At first I put it down to doing too much exercise and I tried to ignore it,' says Babs, who is married to the actor Robert Powell. The couple have two grown-up children, Kate and Barney, and live in West London. [PAR] 'But the symptoms would not go away and I started to panic, wondering how on earth I was going to manage the climb.' [PAR] After a month, the symptoms spread and she began to experience headaches and a pain behind the eyes. [PAR] 'My GP said he thought I might have a condition called polymyalgia rheumatica - which I had never heard of - and referred me immediately to a specialist at the Royal Free Hospital in London.' [PAR] The diagnosis was confirmed, and Babs joined the one in 1,000 people aged over 50 in this country who suffer from the syndrome, known commonly as PMR. [PAR] Women are three times more likely to get PMR than men and it is believed to have, in part, a genetic origin. [PAR] Although little is known about the condition, an astonishing number of people suffer from PMR. Many go undiagnosed until the symptoms become acute. [PAR] 'There's very little research being done into the causes and as yet there is little treatment beyond the prescription of steroids,' says Babs. 'It really can make your life a misery.' [PAR] Professor Bhasrar Dasgupta from Southend Hospital, patron of the national PMR association, is leading research into the condition. [PAR] He says: 'The most common symptoms are an inability to perform the activities of daily living, such as getting up, dressing, reaching and grooming. It is a very serious condition because of the pain and disability it causes and the severe effect it has on patients' quality of life. [PAR] 'There can also be serious side effects associated with the steroid treatment, such as fractures, diabetes, cataracts, weight gain and bruising to the skin.' [PAR] PMR is the leading arthritic condition among people over 50 in the UK. Women are three times more likely to get PMR than men and it is believed to have, in part, a genetic origin. [PAR] Those who are very active in their youth, such as sportsmen and women and dancers, are thought to be more highly predisposed because of the pressure they have put on their joints. [PAR] Seventies heyday: Babs Powell, second right, dancing with Pan's people is one of every 1000 people to suffer from PMR [PAR] In Babs' case, the endless rehearsals and performances in Pan's People will have paved the way for the condition, which causes severe inflammation around the joints. [PAR] 'My mother also had it,' she says, 'although even less was known about it then - I think it was just put"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dance | Jewish Virtual Library Dance | Jewish Virtual Library [PAR] Tweet [PAR] In Ancient Israel [PAR] In the Bible, Mishnah, and Talmud, dance is referred to in various contexts as an important ritualized activity and as an expression of joy. None of these references, however, contain descriptions of how the dancers actually moved. Dancing is mentioned in connection with celebrations of military victories and in rituals such as the golden calf dance and the bringing of the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. [PAR] The Bible contains many Hebrew verb roots employed to describe dancing activity, four of which were used in the description of the popular but religious event of the bringing of the Ark, which inspired King David and his subjects to dance before God. David not only danced in the ordinary sense of the word sa\u1e25ek (\u05e9\u05c2\u05d7\u05e7) but also rotated with all his might, karker (\u05db\u05e8\u05db\u05e8); and jumped, pazez (\u05e4\u05d6\u05d6) ( [PAR] II [PAR] Sam. 6:5, 14, 16); a slightly different version appears in [PAR] I [PAR] Chronicles 15:29, mentioning that he skipped, rakad (\u05e8\u05e7\u05d3). The other verb roots used for describing dance are daleg (\u05d3\u05dc\u05d2), leap or jump; kafotz (\u05e7\u05e4\u05e5), jump with both feet; savav (\u05e1\u05d1\u05d1), go around; pase\u02bfa\u1e25 (\u05e4\u05e1\u05d7), skip; \u1e93ala\u02bf (\u05e6\u05dc\u05e2), limp; \u1e25agag (\u05d7\u05d2\u05d2), dance in circle. [PAR] It is noteworthy that in addition to the textual descriptions we have some tangible evidence. This includes newly discovered iconographic features found in *Megiddo , *Lachish , the Negev, and other sites. For example, a number of cylinder seals from the second millennium [PAR] B.C.E. [PAR] show lines of dancers standing with their hands on one another's shoulders (Near Eastern Archeology, 66:3 (2003)). Figures on a late Bronze Age cylinder seal from Lachish have been interpreted as participants in a ritual or battle dance similar to the Arab folk \"debka\" still in use in our days. A. Mazar adds that \"this posture is typical of seals showing dancers from various sites in Israel\" (ibid.). T. Ilan in his study \"Dance and Gender\" (see Bibliography) describes dance represented in ancient iconography as an activity in which the two genders have specific defined roles. [PAR] Victory Dances [PAR] Dancing to the accompaniment of drums is associated with the celebrations of military victories and welcoming home heroes who have routed an enemy. The women's role was to receive and extol the fighters. After the triumphant crossing of the Red Sea, \"Miriam, the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances\" (Ex. 15:20, 21). On his triumphant return from battle to Mizpah, Jephthah was greeted by his daughter with timbrels and dancing (Judg. 11:34). When David and Saul returned from the battle with the Philistines, \"the women came out of all the cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet King Saul, with timbrels, with joy, and with rattles\" ( [PAR] I [PAR] Sam. 18:6). There is a detailed description of a victory parade, where Judith leads the women in the dance, to the accompaniment of a special thanksgiving song: \"And all the women of Israel hurried to see her, and they praised her and made a dance for her\u2026 And she went out in the dance before all the people, leading all the women\" (Judith 15:12, 13). [PAR] Ecstatic Dances [PAR] The most telling biblical evidence of the power of music inspiring ecstasy and prophetic vision is connected with King Saul. A passage from Samuel tells that Saul goes to the hill of God where he meets a group prophesizing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Arness - Biography - IMDb James Arness - Biography - IMDb [PAR] James Arness [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 63 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (48) | Personal Quotes (4) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' 7\" (2.01 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] American leading man famed as the star of one of the longest-running shows in U.S. television history, Gunsmoke (1955). Born of Norwegian heritage (the family name, Aurness, had formerly been Aursness) in Minneapolis, Minnesota to Rolf and Ruth Duesler Aurness. His father was a traveling salesman of medical supplies and his mother later became a newspaper columnist. James attended West High School in Minneapolis. Although he appeared in school plays, he had no interest in performing, and dreamed instead of going to sea. After high school, he attended one semester at Beloit College before receiving his draft notice in 1943. He entered the army and trained at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, before shipping out for North Africa. After landing at Casablanca, Arness joined the 3rd Infantry Division in time for the invasion of Anzio. Ten days after the invasion, Arness was severely wounded in the leg and foot by German machine-gun fire. His wounds, which plagued him the rest of his life, resulted in his medical discharge from the army. While recuperating in a Clinton, Iowa hospital, he was visited by his younger brother Peter (later to gain fame as actor Peter Graves ), who suggested he take a radio course at the University of Minnesota. James did so, and a teacher recommended him for a job as an announcer at a Minneapolis radio station. Though seemingly headed for success in radio, he followed a boyhood friend's suggestion and went with the friend to Hollywood in hopes of getting work as film extras. He studied at the Bliss-Hayden Theatre School under actor Harry Hayden , and while appearing in a play there was spotted by agent Leon Lance. Lance got the actor a role as Loretta Young 's brother in The Farmer's Daughter (1947). The director of that film, H.C. Potter , recommended that he drop the \"u\" from his last name and soon thereafter the actor was officially known as James Arness. Little work followed this break, and Arness became something of a beach bum, living on the shore at San Onofre and spending his days surfing. He began taking his acting career more seriously when he began to receive fan mail following the release of the Young picture. He appeared in a production of \"Candida\" at the Pasadena Community Playhouse, and married his leading lady, Virginia Chapman . She pressed him to study acting and to work harder in pursuit of a career, but Arness has been consistent in ascribing his success to luck. He began to get small roles with frequency, often, due to his size, villainous characters. Most notable among these was that of the space alien in The Thing from Another World (1951). While playing a Greek warrior in a play, Arness was spotted by agent Charles K. Feldman , who represented John Wayne . Feldman introduced Arness to Wayne, who put the self-described 6' 6\" actor under personal contract. Arness played several roles over the next few years for and with Wayne, whom he considered a mentor. In 1955, Wayne recommended Arness for the lead role of Matt Dillon in the TV series Gunsmoke (1955). (Contrary to urban legend, Wayne himself was never offered the role.) Arness at first declined, thinking a TV series could"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Chuckle Brothers: The Return of the Pirates of the ... The Chuckle Brothers: The Return of the Pirates of the River Rother 2 \u2013 Pavilion Theatre, Worthing [PAR] Home / Comedy / The Chuckle Brothers: The Return of the Pirates of the River Rother 2 \u2013 Pavilion Theatre, Worthing [PAR] The Chuckle Brothers: The Return of the Pirates of the River Rother 2 \u2013 Pavilion Theatre, Worthing [PAR] Posted by: The Reviews Hub in Comedy , Family 20/05/2012 Comments Off on The Chuckle Brothers: The Return of the Pirates of the River Rother 2 \u2013 Pavilion Theatre, Worthing [PAR] Written, Produced and Directed by The Chuckle Brothers [PAR] Reviewer: Jenni Dixon [PAR] [Rating: 3] [PAR] [PAR] Paul and Barry Chuckle (real surname Elliott) are best known from their TV show ChuckleVision which hit our screens in 1987. Their comedy derives from slap stick, visual gags and catch phrases; \u201cto me, to you\u201d and \u201coh dear, oh dear\u201d! This theatre sequel follows on from their last show where the \u201cJolly Roger\u201d ship ran aground off a remote island. Paul and Barry have to find a way to survive on the island without being eaten by the cannibalistic natives! [PAR] The show has a very weak plot line, vaguely followed with some scripted dialogue but mainly missed placed adlibbing \u2013 which might have worked had both brothers and fellow actors not have all been speaking at the same time. The jokes were as you\u2019d expect from the Chuckle Brothers and for the most part well timed, however there was A LOT more innuendo than you might have expected. This did mean that some of the younger audience members possibly became lost during (at times excessive) dialogue but it kept the adult members entertained. The slap stick humour was of course a big pulling point for the children, plenty of cream pies and water shooters to keep them feeling involved and amused. This is perhaps what kept the balance of the show and gave it its pantomime feel. [PAR] There were some very old school children\u2019s entertainer \u201cmagic\u201d tricks performed by the island natives (Stuart and Jayne Loughland, Richard Morgan and Steven Bloor) which were painfully slow and were completely unlinked to anything Pirate show related to the point where you could hear the faint sound of Simon Cowell\u2019s big red buzzer going off in the distance. These four were extras to the rest of the performance with little or no dialogue and disputable stage presence. [PAR] The music and lights couldn\u2019t be faulted. They gave the whole show a very professional feel. All the songs and music were up to date (dancey and loud enough with lyrics you could hear), catchy and likeable. [PAR] Jimmy and Brian Patton (Paul and Barry\u2019s older brothers) played Admiral Slacking and the Witch Doctor/Black Eye Pirate respectively. The 4 brothers have an amazing rapport that cannot be questioned. They all just fit together nicely and all intuitively know what the other brothers are thinking, about to say and help each other keep pace (or crack up laughing). Whether this is because they all have a genuine love for each other or they\u2019ve seen and done it all before is for personal judgement. [PAR] The entire show is full of gags, slapstick comedy, catchy songs, dance music, magic tricks and well-timed catchphrases. Tis not for I to judge such a British institution but to merely warn you that it\u2019s not all it\u2019s cracked up to be and fond memories of the brothers might be best off left in the past. However, you\u2019ll know if"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Janice Long - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays Janice Long - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays [PAR] Famous Birthdays [PAR] Aries [PAR] ABOUT [PAR] Radio and television personality who gained fame as the host of radio shows like The Janice Long Show and After Midnight. On television, she served as a regular presenter of Top of the Pops from 1982 and 1988. [PAR] BEFORE FAME [PAR] She worked for Laker Airways before landing a job as an assistant for BBC Radio Merseyside. [PAR] TRIVIA [PAR] She provided voiceover narration for the BBC Three documentary Desperate Midwives. [PAR] FAMILY LIFE [PAR] Her older brother is actor and TV presenter Keith Chegwin . [PAR] ASSOCIATED WITH"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harpo Marx (Adolph/Arthur) - The Marx Brothers Harpo Marx (Adolph/Arthur) - The Marx Brothers [PAR] The Marx Brothers [PAR] Support this site, shop here: [PAR] Search: [PAR] Born: November 23, 1888 in New York City, NY [PAR] Died: September 28, 1964 in Los Angeles [PAR] Drawing by Salvador Dali [PAR] from an article in Theatre Arts Monthly, October 1939 [PAR] Harpo was the second oldest and the one who never spoke. Not entirely true. He spoke quite regularly on stage until the production of \"Home Again\". [PAR] Les Marsden had some more information about Harpo's 'speaking career': \"He still had a about six lines in \"Home Again\", but uncle Al Shean simply didn't think he delivered lines all that well. Harpo was so upset that after they had toured the show in vaudeville for awhile and were playing (according to Harpo) the theatre in Champaign, Illinois, Harpo decided to ad-lib all through the performance. A critic in the local newspaper described the show by saying, in part, \"Adolph Marx performed beautiful pantomime which was ruined whenever he spoke.\" Harpo then decided he could do a better job of stealing focus by not speaking. And he really did continue to speak on stage regularly - just whenever he felt like it. For example, on opening night of 'Animal Crackers' he tackled Margaret Irving and proceeded to tell her a well....let's just say a questionable joke. Groucho, Chico and Zeppo came out onstage and did a running commentary. But he did speak extemporaneously onstage on occasion. Just not from a script and not often. Steve Allen has told me (and has also recounted the tale in various books, etc) all about the evening Harpo left show business during Allen Sherman's show in Pasadena, during which he spoke for several minutes to a stunned audience.\" [PAR] Harpo was given the name Adolph, but changed it to Arthur during World War I because it was too 'German'. [PAR] Through Alexander Woollcott the theater critic, who was responsible for their first big success in New York, Harpo became a member of the Algonquin Round Table. [PAR] In 1936 he married actress Susan Fleming. They adopted four children Bill, Alex, Jimmy and Minnie. [PAR] Harpo on I Love Lucy [PAR] Harpo speaks [PAR] Harpo never spoke in a movie, but his voice has been recorded, as you can hear here. [PAR] \"Harpo's harps\" by Les Marsden [PAR] \"Harpo rarely played the same harp twice in a movie, and in some movies didn't play a harp at all (Go West harp is actually a loom, At the Races is the dismantled frame of a grand piano, and Duck Soup....well, we all know about that one.) They were usually his own harps but he changed models a lot, particularly in the early years. Eventually, he owned two Lyon & Healy Gold-Gilt Concert Grands, model #24. He had those two harps for years and shortly after his death, Susan was asked to judge a harp competition in Israel. She insisted that Bill come along as well because she knew nothing about the mechanics of harpistry. They both decided to take the two harps along and donate them to two university harp departments in Israel, with the only proviso being that they were not to go in glass cases, but instead were to be used. Upon arrival in Israel, the customs agents demanded a 100% duty payment from Susan and she said 'what? I'm trying to donate these harps to you!' and was ready (as she told me) to get back on the plane and take the damn"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ian Chappell: Charismatic, candid and controversial \u2014 one ... Ian Chappell: Charismatic, candid and controversial \u2014 one of the greatest captains in history - Cricket Country [PAR] \u203a [PAR] Ian Chappell: Charismatic, candid and controversial \u2014 one of the greatest captains in history [PAR] Ian Chappell, born September 26, 1943, was one of the most charismatic captains of Australia and one of the most controversial characters in the game. Arunabha Sengupta looks back at the life and career of the man who was the architect behind the image of the Ugly Australians. [PAR] | Updated : September 2, 2015 9:15 PM IST [PAR] Ian Chappell \u00a9 Getty Images [PAR] Ian Chappell, born September 26, 1943, was one of the most charismatic captains of Australia and one of the most controversial characters in the game. Arunabha Sengupta looks back at the life and career of the man who was the architect behind the image of the Ugly Australians. [PAR] The triumph at The Oval [PAR] \u201cI think we are the better team. And if we go home two-all, we will have been seen as one,\u201d Ian Chappell \u2019s simple words rang loud and clear around the dressing room, sparking resolve and lighting the fire. [PAR] The team was young. Ross Edwards at 30 was the eldest. Besides, Australia had been going through a harrowing period. They had won just one of the last 15 Tests, when Bob Massie\u2019s magical swing had turned the game their way at Lord\u2019s in the current series. But, as they went into The Oval, Ray Illingworth\u2019s hardened men led the series 2-1 aided by the fusarium Test at Headingley . [PAR] Now the team wanted to drag Australia out of the trough. They wanted to be a champion side. They wanted to be a part of the celebrations that were encouraged by their captain whenever they won. They wanted it for themselves and their captain. [PAR] Dennis Lillee charged in to take 5 for 58. The Chappell brothers Ian and Greg hit hundreds, securing a 115-run lead. This was the first time in the history of Test cricket that a pair of brothers had scored centuries in the same innings, and parents Jeanne and Martin watched from the stands. England fought back, scoring 356, but Lillee captured five more. At 137 for 4 the target of 242 looked dicey. But, Paul Sheahan held firm and Rod Marsh walked in at the fall of the fifth wicket to smack 43 from just 51 balls. The young brigade had squared the series. [PAR] Marsh and Sheahan ran off the field, swinging their bats around their heads, having scripted the most significant win in Australian cricket since 1948. And on reaching the dressing room, the wicketkeeper leapt onto the table, giving a full-throated rendition of the song that has become part of the folklore of the baggy green: [PAR] \u201cUnder the Southern Cross I stand [PAR] A sprig of wattle in my hand, [PAR] A native of my native land, [PAR] Australia, you f***ing beauty.\u201d [PAR] It marked the advent of the new Australian side, the best in the world, a bunch of tough, competitive individuals of brimming talent, led by one of the most charismatic captains of all time. [PAR] The win even led Arthur Gilligan, the old England captain, rival turned greatest friend of former Australian skipper Vic Richardson, to pen a letter to Jeanne Chappell \u2014 daughter of Richardson and the mother of the Chappell brothers. Heaping glorious praise on the young team, Gilligan wrote, \u201cIan has led his team magnificently during the whole"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London to host 2012 Olympic Games - Wikinews, the free ... London to host 2012 Olympic Games - Wikinews, the free news source [PAR] London to host 2012 Olympic Games [PAR] From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! [PAR] Wednesday, July 6, 2005 [PAR] London is to host the 2012 Olympic Games . [PAR] The announcement was made today by International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Jacques Rogge following four rounds of voting, penultimately shortlisting London and Paris. 116 members of the IOC in Singapore voted throughout the rounds from a pool of cities comprising of Paris , Madrid , London , New York , and Moscow . [PAR] The final tally was 54 votes for London, and 50 for Paris. The voting came after all five cities made their final presentations to the assembled members. [PAR] The news was met with screams of joy from the 15,000 people who had gathered in Trafalgar Square in London, while jeers and boos rang out across Paris, as rain began to fall in the French capital. [PAR] Former Olympic runner Sebastian Coe , who led the British bid, told BBC Radio Five Live afterwards: \"I'm in a state of shock. The whole team has made a fantastic effort. This shows that the United Kingdom is a special place for sport, passionate about sport.\" [PAR] This is the first time the Games will be staged in London since 1948, while this marks the third failure by Paris to host the Olympics. London has hosted the Games twice before, making it the first city ever to host them three times. [PAR] The official announcement was given by the IOC at 12:46 BST today, after much speculation. The 2012 London Olympics are widely anticipated to bring about a revival of both sporting culture in England, and the much maligned Docklands area of London, where most main sporting venues will be constructed. [PAR] Dignitaries [PAR] Present, physically or by video link, were several dignitaries of the participating countries, including the British Prime Minister Tony Blair , French President Jacques Chirac , Queen Sof\u00eda of Spain, and Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov . [PAR] Tony Blair is quoted to have said via a recorded video message \"Our vision is to see millions of young people participate in sport and improve their lives. London has the power to make this happen.\" [PAR] Also present with the British campaign team were world famous soccer player David Beckham , athletes Denise Lewis and Sir Steven Redgrave , and Her Royal Highness Princess Anne , who brought with her a message from Queen Elizabeth II : [PAR] \"I've been impressed by the way everyone has united behind London's bid. As a country we share a passion for sport.\" [PAR] French President Jacques Chriac was also present, along with actress Catherine Deneuve and singer Johnny Hallyday , both French. [PAR] \"The heart of Paris and the heart of France are beating in unison in the hope of becoming Olympic host in 2012...you can put your trust and faith in France, you can trust the French, you can trust us,\" he said. [PAR] America's assembly consisted of New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg , U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton and bid leader Dan Doctoroff , focusing on New York's multicultural make up and readiness. Mr. Bloomberg chose to remind the Committee of New York's recovery after the September 11 attacks . [PAR] \"In our city's darkest hour, we asked ourselves, can we recover? ...New Yorkers stood up then and said, 'Yes, we can recover, we will rebuild and we must continue to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Netball - Women Wiki - Wikia Netball | Women Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Add Image [PAR] Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players. Its development, derived from early versions of basketball , began in England in the 1890s. By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women's Basketball (later renamed the International Federation of Netball Associations (IFNA)) was formed. As of 2011, IFNA comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions. [PAR] Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end. Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and shooting it through its goal ring. Players are assigned specific positions, which define their roles within the team and restrict their movement to certain areas of the court. During general play, a player with the ball can hold onto it for only three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to another player. The winning team is the one that scores the most goals. Netball games are 60 minutes long. Variations have been developed to increase the game's pace and appeal to a wider audience. [PAR] Netball is most popular in Commonwealth nations , specifically in schools, and is predominantly played by women. According to the IFNA, netball is played by more than 20 million people in more than 80 countries. Major transnational competitions take place, including the Netball Superleague in Great Britain and the ANZ Championship in Australia and New Zealand. Three major competitions take place internationally: the quadrennial World Netball Championships , the Commonwealth Games , and the yearly World Netball Series . In 1995, netball became an International Olympic Committee recognised sport . [PAR] History [PAR] Edit [PAR] Netball emerged from early versions of basketball and evolved into its own sport as the number of women participating in sports increased. Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith in the United States. The game was initially played indoors between two teams of nine players, using an association football ball that was thrown into closed-end peach baskets. Naismith's game spread quickly across the United States and variations of the rules soon emerged. Physical Education instructor Senda Berenson developed modified rules for women in 1892; these eventually gave rise to women's basketball . Around this time separate intercollegiate rules were developed for men and women. The various basketball rules converged into a universal set in the United States. [PAR] Martina Bergman-\u00d6sterberg introduced a version of basketball in 1893 to her female students at the Physical Training College in Hampstead , London. The rules of the game were modified at the college over several years: the game moved outdoors and was played on grass; the baskets were replaced by rings that had nets; and in 1897 and 1899, rules from women's basketball in the United States were incorporated. Madame \u00d6sterberg's new sport acquired the name \"net ball\". The first codified rules of netball were published in 1901 by the Ling Association, later the Physical Education Association of the United Kingdom . From England, netball spread to other countries in the British Empire . Variations of the rules and even names for the sport arose in different areas: \"women's (outdoor) basketball\" arrived in Australia around 1900 and in New Zealand from 1906, while \"netball\" was being played in Jamaican schools by 1909. [PAR] In Australia, the term women's basketball was used to refer to both netball and basketball. During the 1950s and 1960s, a movement arose to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of cricket terms & sayings Glossary of cricket terms & sayings [PAR] GLOSSARY OF CRICKET TERMS & SAYINGS [PAR] A [PAR] Across the line -- (of batting shot) in which the bat swings across the path of the ball, rather than along it. Risky, since it requires expert timing to make good contact. [PAR] AGM -- See Annual General Meeting. [PAR] Agricultural shot -- See Cow shot. [PAR] All out -- The batting team is said to be all out when ten of its eleven batsmen are dismissed. The eleventh batsman cannot continue without a partner, and is recorded as 'not out' in the scorebook. [PAR] All-rounder -- A player who can both bat and bowl, or occasionally, both bat and keep wicket. (Bowler-wicketkeeper all-rounders are a rare breed.) Strictly speaking, a true all-rounder would be worth his place as a specialist in either role, although such players at Test level come along very infrequently. As a guide, an all-rounder's batting average ought to be at least equal to his bowling average. A true all-rounder can bat at number 6 (See Batting order), thus giving the side the 'ideal' balance of five bowlers, six batsmen and a specialist wicketkeeper. Wanderers' very own Andrew Symonds fills this role for the Australian ODI team. [PAR] Annual General Meeting -- A requirement under Australian law of any incorporated club, at which accounts are presented, officers elected and the club's policy decided for the year to come. [PAR] Appeal -- The fielding side's invitation to the umpire to give a batsman out, answered with an upraised finger or a call of 'not out'. Any member of the side may make an appeal, but if the fielding captain feels a batsman has been given out wrongly - for example, a catch not taken cleanly - he may withdraw the appeal and reinstate the batsman. [PAR] Arm ball -- A finger-spinner's delivery bowled without spin, in the hope of deceiving the batsman into allowing for turn that does not come. [PAR] Ashes -- Test series between England and Australia are played for The Ashes. In 1883, Australia beat England at The Oval for the first time in England. This led an English sporting paper, The Sporting Times, to publish a mock obituary of English cricket, which concluded with the words, \"The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia.\" Accounts vary, but the 'body' was in fact a bail (or two, or a stump) which had been burned by \"certain ladies.\" The ashes were placed in a tiny, goblet-shaped urn only four inches high and the urn was presented to the Honorable Ivo Bligh (later Lord Darnley). In his will, Lord Darnley bequeathed the urn to the M.C.C. Nowadays, the urn itself is kept permanently in the Long Room at Lord's, but the side that last won a Test series between the two countries is said to hold The Ashes. In the event of a tied series, the holding country retains The Ashes. After the present series, The Ashes will next be contested in the Australian summer of 1998-99. [PAR] Average, batting -- The total of a batsman's runs during the period for which the average is calculated, divided by the number of his completed innings, i.e. the number of times he was out in that period. An average of 40 is considered proficient, 50 outstanding. D.G.Bradman (Australia) averaged 99.6 in Tests. [PAR] Average, bowling -- The total of runs scored off a bowler in the period to which the average refers, divided by the number of wickets he took in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Boxing Stance \u2013 Do it Right ! - MyBoxingCoach The Boxing Stance \u2013 Do it Right! [PAR] The Boxing Stance \u2013 Do it Right! [PAR] by Fran on January 26, 2010 [PAR] About the Boxing Stance [PAR] There is a very good reason why the very first \u2018skill\u2019 article that I post is about the boxing stance and on-guard position. If we don\u2019t get the basics of the stance and on-guard right, then any boxing skill that we try to learn will not be as good as it can be. [PAR] The need for balance, mobility and a sound body shape in boxing cannot be emphasised enough. If you understand the boxing stance, and understand why it is so important, then you will be able to more easily develop the footwork, punches and defensive actions necessary to constitute an effective boxing style. [PAR] There are two types of boxing stance; orthodox and southpaw. An orthodox boxer is someone who is naturally right-handed and holds the left hand and left leg in front, closer to the opponent. Conversely, a southpaw boxer is someone who is naturally left-handed and leads with the right hand and right leg. If you are a beginner, don\u2019t get caught up in the notion that it feels more comfortable as a right-hander using the southpaw boxing stance. As a rule of thumb, if you\u2019re right-handed you are orthodox, if you\u2019re left-handed you\u2019re southpaw. [PAR] Here\u2019s the boxing training video, then check out the mechanics and common faults below: [PAR] The Mechanics of the Boxing Stance [PAR] In order to reinforce the points made on the video I\u2019ll outline them here: [PAR] The feet should be a little more than shoulder width apart, with the front foot being at an angle of 45 degrees to the imaginary line drawn from the toe on the front foot to the heel on the back foot (the line is not so imaginary on the video, but you get the point). By ensuring that the feet are slightly offset and a comfortable distance apart, you provide the best possible base upon which to develop the full boxing stance. [PAR] Remain on the balls of both feet. Never allow the back foot to go flat, otherwise you\u2019ll have the mobility of an anvil. Ensure the knees are bent slightly and relaxed, again maximising the ability to be mobile; [PAR] As an orthodox boxer, the right shoulder and left shoulder should align to point in the general direction of the opponent. This minimises the target area to the opponent and also offers more leverage when throwing punches. [PAR] Bring the hands up to cheek level, turning the palms of the hands very slightly toward you. This will have the effect of drawing your elbows in to provide protection for your body. Make a fist with your hands, but don\u2019t \u2018clench\u2019 that fist, stay relaxed. [PAR] Rest your chin on your chest, without tensing up. Effectively, you look \u2018through\u2019 the eyebrows. By doing this, your chin will remain as well protected as it can be (punches on the chin often have a very undesirable effect!) [PAR] Ensure that your body weight remains central or on the back leg. Don\u2019t fall into the habit of allowing your bodyweight to \u2018lean\u2019 onto your front leg. A simple way to nail this is to not allow your nose to go past the line of your front knee. [PAR] Common Faults with the Boxing Stance [PAR] Common faults with the boxing stance include: [PAR] Turning the shoulders \u2018square on\u2019, thereby offering the opponent a much greater"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pittsburgh Hockey History Timeline Pittsburgh Hockey History Timeline [PAR] Pittsburgh Hockey History Timeline [PAR] [PAR] FAST FACTS [PAR] \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 Hockey was played at four \u00c2 rinks through the first 75 years: \u00c2 The Schenley Park Casino, Duquesne Garde, The Winter Garden and the Civic Arena. [PAR] [PAR] Pittsburgh is quickly becoming a hockey hotbed. [PAR] MONTREAL GAZETTE, from an article in December 1904. [PAR] Pittsburgh hockey thriving for more than a century [PAR] BOB GROVE [PAR] Pittsburghhockey.net Contributer [PAR] An excerpt from Pittsburgh Penguins: The Official History of the First 30 Years [PAR] When Pittsburgh\u2019s dark streets were populated by electric trolleys in the 1890\u2019s, a former newspaperman named Andrew McSwigan struck upon an idea that would enrich the city\u2019s cultural heritage for decades to come and provide a foundation for the hockey legacy inherited by the Penguins. [PAR] Andrew McSwigan [PAR] As the sprawling building where the Consolidated Traction Co. stored its horse-drawn cars was being abandoned, McSwigan imagined it as the city\u2019s only indoor ice rink and something of a showplace. A press agent for one of the companies leaving the site, he sold the idea to his boss, Christopher Magee, and the Duquesne Gardens Company was formed. [PAR] The building was purchased for $200,000 and lavishly refurbished with another $250,000, and when Duquesne Garden opened for public skating on Jan. 23, 1899, some 10,000 people came to visit. It preceded Canada\u2019s first indoor rink by 13 years. [PAR] The Garden was more than simply a replacement for the ice surface at the Casino, an amusement center near the entrance to Schenley Park that had burned down in December, 1896 , and the place where manager James Conant introduced ice hockey to the city. [PAR] Over the next 57 years, the Garden on Craig Street near Fifth Avenue in Oakland served as the site of public meetings, performances by the Metropolitan Opera, dancing marathons and an eclectic mix of sporting events. These included bicycle races, boxing, tennis exhibitions with Don Budge, winter sports shows that included ski jumping, bowling, rodeos with Roy Rogers and college basketball. And it was home to the world\u2019s first semi-professional hockey league. [PAR] The night after its public opening, the Garden\u2019s ice surface at 26,000 square feet the largest in the world hosted its first hockey game. The Pittsburgh Athletic Club defeated Western University of Pennsylvania (now Pitt), 4-0. Along with the Bankers Athletic Club and the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, these teams constituted the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which lured Canadian players with the promise of big-city jobs. [PAR] And they recruited some incredible talents. Hod Stuart, a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame who won the Stanley Cup with the Montreal Wanderers in 1907, captained the Bankers; Alf Smith, a Hall of Famer who won four straight Cups as a player and coach with the legendary Ottawa Silver Seven from 1903 to 1906, captained Pittsburgh AC in 1909. [PAR] The game at this time was played seven aside in 30-minute halves, and players got quite a workout laboring up and down the Gardens\u2019 huge ice surface. The extra skating benefited the Pittsburgh pros, who formed some of the best teams the United States could produce. [PAR] Pittsburgh was among the five teams in the International Hockey League, which was formed in 1904 and lasted three years, and its scholastic ranks produced Ray Robinson, a Fifth Avenue graduate who was good enough by 1907 to become a real hockey rarity an American paid to play in Canada. [PAR] The West Penn League was briefly revived in 1907, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australian Rules Football Information | GLoBALL PROGRAM Australian Rules Football Information | GLoBALL PROGRAM [PAR] Help [PAR] Australian Rules Football Information [PAR] To help you enjoy and understand the game of Australian Rules football here is some basic information, but if you do have any questions please do not hesitate to ask one of our friendly GLoBALL ambassadors at the game! [PAR] Australian Rules football\u2026 [PAR] Australian Rules football is a home-grown Australian game that is affectionately known as Aussie Rules or Footy. It originated in Australia and is a unique Australian sporting experience as it is not played professionally in any other country! Different countries are however gaining interest in the sport and teams can be found in East Timor, The United States of America, Japan and New Zealand. [PAR] The game\u2026 [PAR] Essentially, it\u2019s about two opposing teams attempting to kick goals and finish the match with the biggest points tally. A goal is scored when the football is kicked through the taller posts (the goalposts) and is worth 6 points. If the football goes between either of the shorter outside posts (the behind posts), a behind is scored and 1 point is added to that team\u2019s tally. The action continues through four quarters and for close to two hours. Enjoy the spectacle! [PAR] [PAR] Understanding the action\u2026 [PAR] TEAMS: [PAR] Games involve two teams of 22 players with 18 from each team on the field at any one time with an additional 4 players that it can rotate on and off during the game. There is no limit on how many changes teams can make. [PAR] DURATION: [PAR] Games are divided into 4 quarters of 20 minutes. Extra time is added for stops in play so most quarters run for about 30 minutes. Teams swap ends after each quarter. Total game time is about 2 hours. [PAR] STARTING THE GAME: [PAR] The game starts when a siren sounds. An umpire then bounces the ball high into the air inthe centre of the ground. One player from each team- \u2018ruck men\u2019 then tries to tap the ball to their team mates. The ball is also bounced in the centre to start each quarter and after a goal has been scored. [PAR] [PAR] MOVING THE FOOTBALL: [PAR] Teams try to get the football and then run, kick and handball it towards their goals. If a player marks the ball (catches it), they are entitled to a set kick and the opposition is not allowed to touch him until he plays on. Players can also run with the ball. [PAR] TACKLING: [PAR] A player can win the ball by tackling an opponent. A legal tackle is performed by grabbing an opponent with the ball, below the shoulders and above the knees. Players are not allowed to push an opponent in the back while making a tackle and tackled players must correctly dispose of (pass) the ball within a reasonable time (1 to 2 seconds). [PAR] A free kick is awarded against a player caught in possession of the ball with a legal (good) tackle. If the tackle is illegal (inappropriate) a free kick will be awarded to the player with the ball. [PAR] SCORING: [PAR] The aim of the game is to kick goals. Kicking the ball through the taller middle posts (the goalposts) = 6 points. If the ball goes between a goalpost and the smaller outside posts (the behind posts), a behind (1 point) is scored. The score is written with the goals first, the behinds second, and the total points last. [PAR] 14 Goals \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Challenge Cup: Dewsbury Rams 4-54 Wigan Warriors - BBC Sport Challenge Cup: Dewsbury Rams 4-54 Wigan Warriors - BBC Sport [PAR] Challenge Cup: Dewsbury Rams 4-54 Wigan Warriors [PAR] 8 May [PAR] From the section Rugby League [PAR] Share this page [PAR] Josh Charnley played in both Wigan's Challenge Cup final wins at Wembley in 2011 and 2013 [PAR] Dewsbury (4) 4 [PAR] Wigan Warriors (36) 54 [PAR] Tries: Charnley 2, Gildart 2, Bateman 2, Williams, Sarginson, Sutton, Tierney Goals: Charnley 7 [PAR] Wigan ran in 10 tries at the Tetley's Stadium to comfortably dispose of Dewsbury Rams and reach the quarter-finals of the Challenge Cup. [PAR] Josh Charnley, Oliver Gildart and John Bateman scored two tries each for the record 19-times Challenge Cup winners. [PAR] George Williams, Dan Sarginson, Ryan Sutton and Lewis Tierney also crossed, with Charnley adding seven conversions for a 22-point individual haul. [PAR] The Rams' only points came from a first-half try by stand-off Paul Sykes. [PAR] A year on from going out at the same sixth-round stage 16-12 at home to Hull KR, Wigan made sure there were no such mistakes this time. [PAR] Against a Dewsbury side currently ninth in the Championship, they were back a lot nearer full strength with the return of skipper Sean O'Loughlin, Dom Crosby and winger Dom Manfredi, although returning full-back Sam Tomkins was still at least a week away from being considered for selection. [PAR] Dewsbury coach Glenn Morrison: \"They showed respect by putting out probably their strongest side this year and were just too good in the first half. [PAR] \"We got some line breaks and came close to scoring a couple of times and we have some things to work on next week.\" [PAR] Wigan coach Shaun Wane: \"This is not the easiest place to come. I'm happy with that score. [PAR] \"We protected a lot of players in the second half with Friday's game against Hull in mind. [PAR] \"We went a bit sloppy in the last quarter and could have been a bit smarter.\" [PAR] Dewsbury: Guzdek; Kudangirana, Crookes, Grady, Grant; Sykes, Kain; L Adamson, Speakman, Teanby, Hale, Trout, Farrell. [PAR] Replacements: Conroy, Brown, Muranka, Walker. [PAR] Wigan: Sarginson; Manfredi, Gelling, Gildart, Charnley; Williams, Smith; Crosby, Powell, Mossop, Bateman, Isa, O'Loughlin. [PAR] Replacements: Tautai, Sutton, Tierney, Burke. [PAR] Referee: Chris Campbell"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean Shrimpton made a major contribution to fashion Jean Shrimpton made a major contribution to fashion | [PAR] 9 Dec [PAR] The BBC4 drama \u2018We\u2019ll Take Manhattan\u2019 shows a young photographer David Bailey in 1962, who got commissioned (by fashion editor Lady Clare Rendlesham) to create a 14 page story for British Vogue in New York and the style had to be \u2018young and fresh\u2019. Bailey , as Jean always called David, insisted on using his girlfriend Jean Shrimpton as the model. Jean had a very clean, fresh look to her and was different to all other models working for Vogue. At the time almost everything was shot in a studio and all followed a classic guideline of poses and looks. David Bailey, being passionate and stubborn about his work, changed all this by breaking the rules. He took offbeat, realistic poses against gritty backgrounds. This changed fashion forever and made David Bailey and Jean Shrimpton fashion icons. [PAR] Trailer \u2018We\u2019ll Take Manhattan\u2019 [PAR] . [PAR] Jean Rosemary Shrimpton (born 7 November 1942) was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire and brought up on a farm. She enrolled at Langham Secretarial College in London when she was 17. Director Cy Endfield suggested she attend the Lucy Clayton Charm Academy\u2019s model course. In 1960, aged 17, she began modelling and later appeared on the covers of Vogue, Harper\u2019s Bazaar and Vanity Fair. During her career Jean Shrimpton was widely reported as \u2018the world highest paid model\u2019 and \u2018the most famous model\u2019. She was described as having \u2018world\u2019s most beautiful face\u2019, was dubbed \u2018The It Girl\u2019 and \u2018The Face of the \u201960s\u2019. [PAR] Jean contrasted with the aristocratic-looking models of the 1950s by representing the fresh, cute coltish look of the 1960s Swinging London. Breaking the popular mould of voluptuous figures with her long legs and slim figure. Jean (nicknamed \u2018The Shrimp\u2019, a name she hated. \u2018Shrimps are horrible pink things that get their heads pulled off! ) was also known for her long hair with fringe, wide doe-eyes, long wispy eyelashes, arched brows and pouty lips. [PAR] Jean was once engaged to David Bailey. They met in 1960 at a photo shoot that Jean, who was still an unknown model, was working on with photographer Brian Duffy. Duffy told Bailey she was too posh for him, but Bailey was not discouraged. [PAR] Jean Shrimpton:\u201d\u2018Bailey\u2019 was how he introduced himself and that was all I ever called him.\u201d Aged 18, Jean rapidly found herself entwined with the East End boy on the up, who was five years her elder. \u201cWe were instantly attracted to each other.\u201d She broke off a relationship and Bailey ended his marriage so they could be together. \u201cHe was a larger-than-life character, and still is. There\u2019s a force about him. He doesn\u2019t give a damn about anything. But he\u2019s shrewd, too. He made a lot of money out of me. I\u2019m not bitter, but I\u2019m irked. That\u2019s all. Bailey was very important to me. I\u2019m sure today\u2019s models are a lot more switched-on than we were. Image rights didn\u2019t exist back then. What happened \u2013 the creation of the fashion industry \u2013 just happened.\u201d [PAR] Jean started to become known in the modelling world around the time she was dating Bailey. She has stated she owed Bailey her career. In turn she was Bailey\u2019s muse and his photographs of her helped him rise to prominence in his early career. Yet she was never comfortable with the trappings of their success-when Bailey took her to trendy nightclubs, Jean would take her knitting along\u2026 [PAR] Bailey ones said of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles - Song Meanings at Songfacts Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles Songfacts [PAR] Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] Paul McCartney wrote most of this song. He got \"Rigby\" from the name of a store (Rigby and Evens Ltd Wine and Spirit Shippers) and \"Eleanor\" from actress Eleanor Bron. He liked the name \"Eleanor Rigby\" because it sounded natural. [PAR] McCartney explained at the time that his songs came mostly from his imagination. Regarding this song, he said, \"It just came. When I started doing the melody I developed the lyric. It all came from the first line. I wonder if there are girls called Eleanor Rigby?\" [PAR] McCartney wasn't sure what the song was going to be about until he came up with the line, \"Picks up the rice in a church where a wedding has been.\" That's when he came up with the story an old, lonely woman. The lyrics, \"Wearing the face that she keeps in a jar by the door\" are a reference to the cold-cream she wears in an effort to look younger. [PAR] The song tells the story of two lonely people. First, we meet a churchgoing woman named Eleanor Rigby, who is seen cleaning up rice after a wedding. The second verse introduces the pastor, Father McKenzie, whose sermons \"no one will hear.\" This could indicate that nobody in coming to his church, or that his sermons aren't getting through to the congregation on a spiritual level. In the third verse, Eleanor dies in the church and Father McKenzie buries her. [PAR] \"Father Mackenzie\" was originally \"Father McCartney.\" Paul decided he didn't want to freak out his dad and picked a name out of the phone book instead. [PAR] After Eleanor Rigby is buried, we learn that \"No one was saved,\" indicating that her soul did not elevate to heaven as promised by the church. This could be seen as a swipe at Christianity and the concept of being saved by Jesus. The song was released in August 1966 just weeks after the furor over John Lennon's remarks, \"Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink. I needn't argue about that; I'm right and I will be proved right. We're more popular than Jesus now.\" [PAR] For the most part, the song eluded controversy, possibly because the lilting string section made it easier to handle. [PAR] A string section scored by Beatles producer George Martin consisting of four violins, two violas and two cellos were used in recording. Paul may have been inspired by the classic composer Vivaldi. [PAR] The Beatles didn't play any of the instruments on this track. All the music came from the string players, who were hired as session musicians. [PAR] Paul McCartney (from Observer Music Monthly November 2008): \"When I was a kid I was very lucky to have a real cool dad, a working-class gent, who always encouraged us to give up our seat on the bus for old people. This led me into going round to pensioners' houses. It sounds a bit goody-goody, so I don't normally tell too many people. There were a couple of old ladies and I used to go round and say, 'Do you need any shopping done?' These lonely old ladies were something I knew about growing up, and that was what 'Eleanor Rigby' was about - the fact that she died and nobody really noticed. I knew this went on.\" [PAR] There is a gravestone for an Eleanor Rigby in St. Peter's Churchyard in Woolton, England. Woolton is a suburb of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Everything Kevin Spacey - The Old Vic Theatre Company Everything Kevin Spacey - The Old Vic Theatre Company [PAR] Current Productions \u00bb [PAR] In February 2003, Kevin Spacey announced that he was returning to London to become the artistic director of The Old Vic Theatre Company . While appearing at a press conference with Dame Judi Dench and Sir Elton John, Spacey made the commitment to remain in the post for at least ten years. He promised to both appear on stage and to bring in big-name talent. More recently Kevin has said that he plans to remain at the helm of The Old Vic until 2015. [PAR] Spacey's first season started in September 2004, and opened with the British premiere of the play Cloaca by Maria Goos, which Kevin Spacey directed. In 2005, Spacey made his UK Shakespearean debut to good notices in the title role of Richard II , which was directed by Trevor Nunn. In mid-2006, Spacey performed in productions of National Anthems by Dennis McIntyre, and The Philadelphia Story by Philip Barry, in which he played C. K. Dexter Haven, which was the Cary Grant role in the film version. [PAR] In the 2006 season, Spacey suffered a setback with a production of Arthur Miller's Resurrection Blues , directed by Robert Altman. Despite an all-star cast and the pedigree of Miller's script, the play opened to a critical panning, and closed after only a few weeks. Later in the year, Spacey starred in Eugene O'Neill's A Moon for the Misbegotten along with Colm Meaney and Eve Best. The play received excellent reviews for Spacey and Best and was transferred to Broadway in 2007. [PAR] During the 2008 season, Jeff Goldblum and Laura Michelle Kelly joined Spacey as the three characters in David Mamet's 1988 play Speed-the-Plow . In January 2009, Kevin directed the premiere of Joe Sutton's Complicit with Richard Dreyfuss, David Suchet and Elizabeth McGovern. From September through December 2009, Trevor Nunn directed Kevin Spacey in a revival of Inherit The Wind , a play based on a true story of a teacher arrested for teaching his students evolution, also known as the \"Scopes Monkey Trial\". Kevin Spacey was cast as defense lawyer Henry Drummond, a role that was made famous by actor Spencer Tracy in the 1960 film of the same name. [PAR] Kevin Spacey and British director Sam Mendes teamed up again for a transatlantic stage production of Shakespeare's Richard III , the final production of Sam Mendes' Bridge Project . The Bridge Project was a unique three-year series of co-productions by BAM, The Old Vic, and Neal Street, devoted to producing large-scale, classical theater for international audiences with casts featuring actors from both the US and the UK. Richard III ran at The Old Vic in London from June until September 2011, and then toured Greece, Hong Kong, Spain, Istanbul, Naples, San Francisco, Beijing, Singapore, Sydney, and Doha prior to a U.S. engagement at the Brooklyn Academy of Music from January 10 through March 4, 2012. [PAR] Kevin Spacey can remember the exact night he decided to become the artistic director of the Old Vic. It was in November 1999, and American Beauty for which the actor would go on to win a second Academy Award had premiered the day before at the London Film Festival. The following evening, there was Spacey, chairing an industry pow-wow in a rehearsal room above the Old Vic, discussing the future of the venerable theatre on whose board he sat. [PAR] \"What is the Old Vic?\" says the actor, recalling the meeting's topics of"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles - Albums - US Singles The Beatles - Albums - US Singles [PAR] [Both songs with Tony Sheridan] [PAR] (Decca 31382 MONO) [PAR] Released 23rd April 1962 [PAR] [PAR] One interesting little fact about this disc is the label - Decca. Remember them? The Beatles were famously turned down by Dick Rowe in January 1962, and here they are releasing their record! American Decca were probably unaware that the backing band was the same group that had been turned down in London three months before, because the label lists them as The Beat Brothers. The songs were eventually sold to MGM and re-released (see below ). [PAR] Highest chart position: Billboard) didn't enter; Cashbox) didn't enter; Record World) didn't enter [PAR] (front cover) [PAR] (back same as the front) [PAR] Side A: Please Please Me [PAR] Side B: Ask Me Why [PAR] (Vee-Jay VJ 498 MONO) [PAR] Released 7th February 1963 [PAR] [PAR] The first official release in America was 'Please Please Me' - a copy of their second British single. Bagging the top-spot in the UK was easy enough - but impressing their label in the States was something else entirely. When Capitol turned their noses up at Mersey Beat Brian had to farm it out to Transglobal - the company that marketed the Beatles' records in the States. They originally tried to place it on the Atlantic label but Jerry Wexler turned it down. (Ironically, Atlantic would later buy up the Tony Sheridan session from Germany Polydor and release it on their subsidiary - Atco.) Transglobal eventually placed it with a small Chicago label - Vee-Jay, a poor little company with no budget. They didn't market it right and it sank without trace. [PAR] The early pressings even had a misspelling on the label, crediting the band as 'THE BEATTLES'. They eventually realised their mistake and changed the labels but, being a piss-poor company, they couldn't afford to scrap their existing stock. So some of them ended up with 'BEATTLES' on the A-side, and 'BEATLES' on the back! [PAR] All-in-all, not a very good start to their Stateside career. [PAR] Highest chart position: Billboard) didn't enter; Cashbox) didn't enter; Record World) didn't enter [PAR] US sales figures: 7,310 [PAR] (back same as the front) [PAR] Side A: From Me To You [PAR] Side B: Thank You Girl [PAR] (Vee-Jay VJ 522 MONO) [PAR] Released 6th May 1963 [PAR] [PAR] Under the terms of their agreement on 10th Jan 1963 , Vee-Jay had first refusal on every Beatles disc for the next five years - so Capitol weren't even offered 'From Me To You'. They'd blown it! But Vee-Jay didn't do much better... initial expectations were high when it earned Cash Box's 'Pick of the week', but a severe lack of promotion and airplay meant that it went the way of Please Please Me - absolutely nowhere. [PAR] The American singer Del Shannon jumped on board with a cover-version two months later, and seeing as he was already a big star in the States, his version got played and peaked at #77. He thus became the first person to get a Lennon/McCartney song inside the Top 100. Vee-Jay then started pushing the original with ads in the trade papers, but it was too little too late. The Beatles had suffered another dud. [PAR] Highest chart position: Billboard) #116; Cashbox) didn't enter; Record World) didn't enter [PAR] Weeks in chart: 3 (from 3rd August 1963) [PAR] US sales figures: 21,126 [PAR] Side A: She Loves You [PAR] Side B: I'll Get You [PAR] (Swan 4152 MONO)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u200eTom Jones (1963) directed by Tony Richardson \u2022 Reviews ... \u200eTom Jones (1963) directed by Tony Richardson \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] 5 [PAR] **Part of the Best Picture Project** [PAR] I'll cut around the bullshit. Tom Jones is pretty awful and one of the worst films to ever win Best Picture. The writing features the plot of an Adam Sandler film with none of the wit. The direction of the film is smug and hateful despite its lighthearted face (a farce without grace if you will). The social commentary is shallow and misplaced. But worst of all is that it's just not really funny for a comedy, and is only vaguely amusing in the film's closing minutes at which point the film is in a rush to get nowhere and doesn't even attempt to mine for some comedy out of the situation. [PAR] So why\u2026 [PAR] 4 [PAR] This is one of those Best Picture winners that hardly is ever brought up in conversations not mainly because it was undeserving of its win but because overall it's just not a very good film. While it may be common for the Academy to award costume dramas, Tom Jones is a peculiar choice mostly because it's notably more comedic than the usual costume drama that they would aim for, but with that distinction there's not so much else that makes Tom Jones stand apart. Although I've seen worse Best Picture winners than this, Tom Jones is indeed a bad film, but it also holds the distinction of being what might arguably be the most misogynistic film I've seen to win\u2026 [PAR] #10 of 12 films in my Adapted Screenplay Challenge [PAR] English author Henry Fielding (1707~1754) has been credited as \"instrumental in the emergence of the novel as a respected literary form.\" This particular work, \"The History of Tom Jones - A Foundling,\" was published in 1749, a quarter century before America's founding. It allegedly helped pave the way for the fictional works of Charles Dickens, George Eliot and William Makepeace Thackeray, among others. [PAR] The edition I read was part of the Encyclopedia Britannica's \"Great Books\" collection of 1952, with 405 pages printed in a double column format. I'd be willing to wager that few, if any, of the AMPAS jurors who nominated the film version \"Tom Jones\" for Best Adapted Screenplay\u2026 [PAR] Review by Jacob Olsen \u2605\u2605 [PAR] \u00abTo those who find our hero's behavior startling, the answer is simple: Tom had always thought that any woman was better than none. While Molly felt that one man wasn't quite as good as two.\u00bb [PAR] Now, let's take a look at some of what was British film in the Year of the Lord 1963. [PAR] Lord of the Flies [PAR] Review by Tom \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u00bd [PAR] I quite surprised that Tony Richardson, infamous for such superbly down beat kitchen sink dramas as Look Back in Anger and A Taste of Honey, can still in opposite make such a laugh out load comedy as this. [PAR] The film is clearly soaked in French New Wave and used to masterful affect. I think it goes without saying Richardson is one of the best British directors there's ever been! The hunting scene is definitely a stand out, with some brilliant shots and a subtle critique on the gluttony & excess of the rich. [PAR] Whilst the first hour of the film is probably Richardson's finest work if you ask me, however sadly in the second hour the film wavers slightly as the\u2026 [PAR] Film #14 of Scavenger Hunt Mini"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harvey and Lee: John Armstrong - Page 75 - JFK ... Harvey and Lee: John Armstrong - Page 75 - JFK Assassination Debate - The Education Forum [PAR] JFK Assassination Debate [PAR] Not recommended on shared computers [PAR] Sign In [PAR] (edited) [PAR] Again Tracy, you are entitled to conclude whatever you like from the evidence offered... [PAR] People with that mentality decided in 1964 that Oswald did it alone based on the evidence, their interpretation skills and the need not to buck the system. [PAR] What amazes me is you all would rather spend all this time critiquing and so very little time coming up with explanations on your own to account for all these conflicts... [PAR] Voebal says, Myra says, Smith Says, Murret says... [PAR] The man in the grave was the man who Ruby killed... so what? [PAR] Why do you have such a hard time with the DoD and USMC records... of course they could be wrong... prove them wrong. simple. [PAR] Oswald is on the ship BACK from Taiwan on the 6th of Oct.... is the USMC so lost that they place a man left behind and receiving medical attention in Japan on a ship back from Taiwan? along with witnesses who worked with him in Taiwan and stated so, along with CE1961 which puts him in Taiwan... Which records are the mistaken ones? [PAR] Amazingly convenient that the records which show Lee and Harvey conflicts are wrong - based on your say so... [PAR] Felde was just wrong too? and everyone else witnessing the duality of the situation... wrong, wrong wrong... [PAR] So you tell us boys, what did they get right? anywhere, in any record? You've read the book Mr. LeDoux ? followed up on the sources yourself as you call Steve out? [PAR] I have... and sourced every single one... took 2 years and I compiled a side by side timeline to illustrate the conflicts... I know exactly when and where the problems occurred and what the WCR and HSCA did to try and cover them up. [PAR] What have you done? [PAR] edit: as for Steve's posts.. quite whining already. If you dont have the attention span to read for 15 whole minutes in a row WTF are you doing here? Hoping for fortune cookie one liners to explain the complexity of our history is a lazy, simple and unimaginative way to go about things boys.... is it really so tough for you to read an essay? or you simply dont want to be bothered trying to learn anything new from someone you disagree with for the simply joy of disagreeing? [PAR] It's one thing to present rebuttals and evidence and discuss where interpretation may be right or wrong... it's another to pull these \"Bernie\" posts out after asking idiotic rhetorical questions about what a twin is... grow up already and stop whining about long posts... [PAR] If they are too much for ya start a \"explanations of the JFK situation in 10 words or less\" thread and have at it... for the rest of us, we understand it takes a little time, effort and work to study this case... grow up already little boys... or find another sandbox to sit and cry in while the adults use the big words and write more than 3 rhetorical stupid lines of tautology and non-sequitur... [PAR] Edited [PAR] David Josephs wrote, [PAR] The man in the grave was the man who Ruby killed... so what? [PAR] The man in the grave is supposed to be \"Harvey\" but \"Lee\" had a mastoid"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Music in the Time of War | Exploring Music Music in the Time of War | Exploring Music [PAR] 3:42 [PAR] Program 2 [PAR] The second show picks up where the first one left off, this time looking from a Russian perspective. Pyotr Tchaikovsky\u2019s famous 1812 Overture tells the tale of Napoleon\u2019s invasion of Russia in a way suggestive of Beethoven\u2019s Wellington\u2019s Victory, but in a matter that is fair to both sides\u2026and of course, features cannons. We continue looking at Russian music of war by examining Sergei Prokofiev\u2019s Battle on the Ice, written for the film score to Alexander Nevsky. The scene depicts Nevsky\u2019s battle against the Teutonic Knights and how they are overcome by their own weight on a thawing frozen lake. This segment then concludes with Dmitri Shostakovich\u2019s Symphony No. 13, subtitled Babi Yar after a location in Ukraine where thousands of Jews and gypsies were rounded up and massacred by the Nazis. [PAR] 19:41 [PAR] Program 3 [PAR] The third segment travels to America, and features a great wealth of tunes regarding warfare relating to our own country. We begin with a William Billings New England minutemen tune that almost became the national anthem. Another William Billings song, \u201cChester\u201d, is examined next in a version set for orchestra by William Schumann. Again from New England is the first of Charles Ives\u2019 Three Places in New England, a monument to the first African-American regiment to march in the civil war, located in Boston. Morton Gould is next, with a popular patriotic piece called American Salute that can often be heard during patriotic holidays. It was composed during the Civil War to the sad tune of \u201cWhen Johnny Comes Marching Home.\" Another piece from the Civil War days is Ralph Vaughn Williams\u2019 Dona nobis pacem, which utilizes a couple of texts written by poet Walt Whitman for inspiration. We hear two: \u201cBeat! Beat! Drums!\u201d and \u201cReconciliation.\" Staying in the Civil War, we hear the Confederate 26th Regiment Quick-step, a popular Southern brass band tune. It was intended to keep soldiers\u2019 spirits up while marching, something both sides utilized. Martial music would continue to be utilized into the days of the Second World War, an era when Samuel Barber wrote the Commando March for the US Army Air Corps marching band (before the days of an Air Force). The legacy of the Second World War lived on in documentary footage and in this piece by Richard Rogers, who was called on by NBC TV to write an opening theme for the television show Victory at Sea. Next is Aaron Jay Kernis\u2019 second symphony, written in reaction to the Persian Gulf War of 1991. This segment closes with an oddly lighthearted piece; the opening to the TV show M*A*S*H. [PAR] 6:13 [PAR] Program 4 [PAR] The fourth and fifth segments are dominated by Benjamin Britten\u2019s War Requiem. It was written in 1962 for the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral, destroyed during the Battle of Britain in the Second World War, and was intended to make as much use of the new space as possible. Before each section of War Requiem are two somewhat related pieces. First is the second and third movements of Vaughn Williams\u2019 Pastoral Symphony, his third, written in memory of the friends he lost during the First World War. Second is Lovliest of Trees, a short, beautiful song written by George Butterworth. After Britten\u2019s massive, piece closes, the show closes with another Butterworth piece, the song Lads of a Hundred. [PAR] Purchase [PAR] Program 5 [PAR] The fourth and fifth segments are dominated by Benjamin Britten\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ATOM RETRO CLOTHING - Mens & Womens Retro Clothing, Mod ... ATOM RETRO CLOTHING - Mens & Womens Retro Clothing, Mod Clothing, Indie Clothes [PAR] The Knack And How To Get It: The Roots Of Mod Clothing And Style [PAR] [PAR] In the beginning Mod created Heaven on Earth... oh wait that's just a form of plagiarism from some other quite famous works, but where did it all start? [PAR] The Prequel to Mod! [PAR] It's story is a kin to the greatest of dramas, with twists and turns, romance and tragedy, good times and bad. After the end of WWII, Britain emerged still very much conforming to well served, yet age old traditional values - but this time with an added despair. [PAR] A country that had lost a whole lot in the ravages of war had also conjured up a loss in direction for many of it's young people. A sense that outmoded traditions and overly strict moral conscience were stifling creativity and the ability to express ones self in turn generated a subversive reaction amongst many of Britain's youth. [PAR] This creative rebellion manifested itself in the form of fashion, music and the arts. The affluent youth began pushing the boundaries, with previously conservative fashion trends slowly being replaced with a more flamboyant and individual style - The first sub culture to emerge amongst Britain's more expressionistic youth was the Teddy Boy. [PAR] The Edwardian look defined a new generation and Drape coats, quiffs, bolo (shoestring) ties, sideburns and creepers became the order of the day. By 1953, Teddy Boys had become a recognised and rapidly growing phenomenon and when the Daily Express printed the words Teddy Boy (Teddy being short for Edward?ian) in it's September 23rd edition, the movement was gaining momentum. [PAR] Heavily influenced by American Rock and Roll with the likes of Elvis Presley, Bill Haley, Eddie Cochran and the film Blackboard Jungle all coming to prominence - The archetypal Hero's and icons of the Teddy Boy era were born - Themselves, a reflection of this new rebellious attitude. [PAR] To grasp an insight into the extrovert fashions of the Teddy Boy, it's advantageous firstly to create a snap shot in the mind of the typical member. [PAR] The average Teddy Boy adorned the classic drape jacket, often with the authentic velvet collar feature. It's Edwardian inspiration was also practical for the time. Hanging out on cold street corners (always was and will be a typical teenage past time) meant that the woollen fabric was an ideal solution for beating the cold. [PAR] Style and substance - a drape jacket also had many concealed pockets, not just for protecting hands from the bitter cold, but also for concealing weapons and contraband such as alcohol. The more elegant, sophisticated and sought after a persons drape jacket, the more being in possession of such a garment became a symbol of status within the group - a badge of honour if you like. [PAR] The Teddy Boy's would also wear drainpipe jeans, often short length to leave a portion of the sock on show and to act as a stark contrast between the dark black trousers and the striking footwear. [PAR] Classic gibson shoes with thick crepe soles or the famous brothel creepers became the shoes of choice for many a Teddy Boy. The outfit would be finished off with a smart shirt, often with wide collars (a traditional Americana influence) and the classic bootlace (bolo) tie. Hair was lovingly and time consumingly quiffed, sometimes in an audacious overblown manner, tapering out in to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Causes the Tides? - Live Science: Scientific News ... What Causes the Tides? [PAR] What Causes the Tides? [PAR] By Lauren Cox, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] August 5, 2010 08:56am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Tides may seem simple on the surface, but the ins and outs of tides confounded great scientific thinkers for centuries they even led Galileo astray into a bunk theory. [PAR] Today people know that the gravitational pulls between the earth, moon and sun dictate the tides. The moon, however, influences tides the most. [PAR] The moon's gravitational pull on the earth is strong enough to tug the oceans into bulge. If no other forces were at play, shores would experience one high tide a day as the earth rotated on its axis and coasts ran into the oceans' bulge facing the moon . [PAR] However, inertia -- the tendency of a moving object to keep moving -- affects the earth's oceans too. As the moon circles the earth, the earth moves in a very slight circle too, and this movement is enough to cause a centrifugal force on the oceans. (It's centrifugal force that holds water in a bucket when you swing the bucket in an overhead arc.) [PAR] This inertia, or centrifugal force, causes the oceans to bulge on the opposite side facing the moon. While the moon's gravitational pull is strong enough to attract oceans into a bulge on the side of the earth facing the moon, it is not strong enough to overcome the inertia on the opposite side of the earth. As a result, the world's oceans bulge twice once when they are on the side of Earth closest to the moon , and once when they are on the side farthest from the moon, according to the Wood's Hole Oceanographic Institution in Wood's Hole, Mass. [PAR] Geography complicates the tides, but many places on Earth experience just two high and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes. (The extra 50 minutes is caused by the distance the moon moves each day as it orbits Earth). [PAR] The sun and the tides [PAR] \"Solar tides\" are caused by the sun's gravitational pull and are weaker than lunar tides. [PAR] The sun is 27 million times more massive than the moon, but it is also 390 times farther away. As a result, the sun has 46 percent of the tide-generating forces (TGFs) that the moon has, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). [PAR] Solar tides are therefore often considered just variations on lunar tides. [PAR] Local geography can vary tide strength as well. [PAR] Just north of the coast of Maine in Canada, the Bay of Fundy has a unique funnel shape at just the right position to creates the largest tides in the world. Water in the bay can rise more than 49 feet (15 meters) or about as high as a 4-story house. [PAR] FORCE, the Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy, estimates the Bay of Fundy pushes110 billion tons (100 billion metric tons) of water with every tide. [PAR] Recently, local leaders have moved to take advantage of the tides. [PAR] In July, Maine's Governor John Baldacci and Nova Scotia's Premier Darrell Dexter signed a Memorandum of Understanding to share research and ideas in tidal and offshore wind sources of renewable energy, according to Business Weekly. [PAR] Understanding tides: then and now [PAR] When Galileo Galilei attempted to explain tides in 1595, he left the moon out of this theory and focused on the inertia of the oceans and his correct"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Earth's crust | geology | Britannica.com Earth's crust | geology | Britannica.com [PAR] A cross section of Earth\u2019s outer layers, from the crust through the lower mantle. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Crustal abundances of elements of atomic numbers 1 to 93. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Figure 22: The topographic expressions of eroded anticlines and synclines. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Figure 21: Three basic fault types: (top) normal fault, (middle) reverse fault, and (bottom) strike-slip fault. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Figure 20: The forms of three types of folds. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Figure 23: Two transform faults offsetting a mid-oceanic ridge. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Volcanic activity and the Earth\u2019s tectonic plates [PAR] Stratovolcanoes tend to form at subduction zones, or convergent plate margins, where an oceanic plate slides beneath a continental plate and contributes to the rise of magma to the surface. At rift zones, or divergent margins, shield volcanoes tend to form as two oceanic plates pull slowly apart and magma effuses upward through the gap. Volcanoes are not generally found at strike-slip zones, where two plates slide laterally past each other. \u201cHot spot\u201d volcanoes may form where plumes of lava rise from deep within the mantle to the Earth\u2019s crust far from any plate margins. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Earth is composed of three layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core. [PAR] Created and produced by QA International. \u00a9 QA International, 2010. All rights reserved. www.qa-international.com [PAR] Geologic materials cycle through various forms. Sediments composed of weathered rock lithify to form sedimentary rock, which then becomes metamorphic rock under the pressure of Earth\u2019s crust. When tectonic forces thrust sedimentary and metamorphic rocks into the hot mantle, they may melt and be ejected as magma, which cools to form igneous, or magmatic, rock. [PAR] Created and produced by QA International. \u00a9 QA International, 2010. All rights reserved. www.qa-international.com [PAR] John P. Rafferty, biological and earth science editor of Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, discussing the connection between Earth\u2019s tectonic plates and earthquake development. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] At the margins of Earth\u2019s plates, where two plates pull apart or one plate dives beneath another, magma (molten underground rock) frequently rises to the surface through volcanic vents. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] atmosphere - National Geographic Society atmosphere - National Geographic Society [PAR] atmosphere [PAR] Our atmosphere\u2014the thin blue line. [PAR] Photograph courtesy NASA [PAR] Atmospheric Orbit [PAR] Although the International Space Station orbits in the thermosphere, most satellites orbit the Earth outside its atmosphere. GPS satellites, for instance, are in orbit more than 20,000 kilometers (12,400 miles) above the Earth. [PAR] Magnetosphere [PAR] Earths magnetosphere is not considered part of the atmosphere. The magnetosphere, formed by the Earths magnetic fields, protects the atmosphere by preventing it from being blown away by powerful solar wind. [PAR] Ingredients for Life [PAR] Scientists have gathered enough information about other planets in our solar system to know that none can support life as we know it. Life is not possible without a stable atmosphere containing the right chemical ingredients for living organisms: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. These ingredients must be balanced\u2014not too thick or too thin. Life also depends on the presence of water. [PAR] Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune all have atmospheres made mostly of hydrogen and helium. These planets are called gas giants, because they are mostly made of gas and do not have a solid outer crust. [PAR] Mercury and Mars have some of the right ingredients, but their atmospheres are far too thin to support life. The atmosphere of Venus is too thick\u2014the planet's surface temperature is more than 460 degrees Celsius (860 degrees Fahrenheit). [PAR] Jupiter's moon Europa has a thin atmosphere rich with oxygen. It is likely covered by a huge ocean of liquid water. Some astrobiologists think that if life will develop elsewhere in the solar system, it will be near vents at the bottom of Europa's ocean. [PAR] We live at the bottom of an invisible ocean called the atmosphere , a layer of gases surrounding our planet . Nitrogen and oxygen account for 99 percent of the gases in dry air , with argon , carbon dioxide , helium , neon , and other gases making up minute portions. Water vapor and dust are also part of Earth \u2019s atmosphere. Other planets and moons have very different atmospheres, and some have no atmospheres at all. [PAR] The atmosphere is so spread out that we barely notice it, yet its weight is equal to a layer of water more than 10 meters (34 feet) deep covering the entire planet. The bottom 30 kilometers (19 miles) of the atmosphere contains about 98 percent of its mass . The atmosphere\u2014air\u2014is much thinner at high altitudes. There is no atmosphere in space. [PAR] Scientists say many of the gases in our atmosphere were ejected into the air by early volcanoes. At that time, there would have been little or no free oxygen surrounding the Earth. Free oxygen consists of oxygen molecules not attached to another element , like carbon (to form carbon dioxide) or hydrogen (to form water). [PAR] Free oxygen may have been added to the atmosphere by primitive organisms, probably bacteria , during photosynthesis . Photosynthesis is the process a plant or other autotroph uses to make food and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Later, more complex forms of plant life added more oxygen to the atmosphere. The oxygen in today\u2019s atmosphere probably took millions of years to accumulate . [PAR] The atmosphere acts as a gigantic filter , keeping out most ultraviolet radiation while letting in the sun\u2019s warming rays. Ultraviolet radiation is harmful to living things, and is what causes sunburns. Solar heat, on the other hand, is necessary for all life on Earth. [PAR] Earth\u2019s atmosphere has a layered structure. From"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Layers of the atmosphere | NIWA Layers of the atmosphere | NIWA [PAR] Layers of the atmosphere [PAR] Post-Doctoral Fellowships [PAR] Layers of the atmosphere [PAR] The atmosphere is comprised of layers based on temperature. These layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. A further region at about 500 km above the Earth's surface is called the exosphere. [PAR] The different layers of the atmosphere [PAR] The atmosphere can be divided into layers based on its temperature, as shown in the figure below. These layers are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere and the thermosphere. A further region, beginning about 500 km above the Earth's surface, is called the exosphere. [PAR] The red line on the figure below shows how temperature varies with height (the temperature scale is given along the bottom of the diagram). The scale on the right shows the pressure. For example, at a height of 50 km, the pressure is only about one thousandth of the pressure at the ground. [PAR] The Troposphere [PAR] This is the lowest part of the atmosphere - the part we live in. It contains most of our weather - clouds, rain, snow. In this part of the atmosphere the temperature gets colder as the distance above the earth increases, by about 6.5\u00b0C per kilometre. The actual change of temperature with height varies from day to day, depending on the weather. [PAR] The troposphere contains about 75% of all of the air in the atmosphere, and almost all of the water vapour (which forms clouds and rain). The decrease in temperature with height is a result of the decreasing pressure. If a parcel of air moves upwards it expands (because of the lower pressure). When air expands it cools. So air higher up is cooler than air lower down. [PAR] The lowest part of the troposphere is called the boundary layer. This is where the air motion is determined by the properties of the Earth's surface. Turbulence is generated as the wind blows over the Earth's surface, and by thermals rising from the land as it is heated by the sun. This turbulence redistributes heat and moisture within the boundary layer, as well as pollutants and other constituents of the atmosphere. [PAR] The top of the troposphere is called the tropopause. This is lowest at the poles, where it is about 7 - 10 km above the Earth's surface. It is highest (about 17 - 18 km) near the equator. [PAR] The Stratosphere [PAR] This extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km. It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. The increase in temperature with height occurs because of absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun by this ozone. Temperatures in the stratosphere are highest over the summer pole, and lowest over the winter pole. [PAR] By absorbing dangerous UV radiation, the ozone in the stratosphere protects us from skin cancer and other health damage. However chemicals (called CFCs or freons, and halons) which were once used in refrigerators, spray cans and fire extinguishers have reduced the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, particularly at polar latitudes, leading to the so-called \"Antarctic ozone hole\". [PAR] Now humans have stopped making most of the harmful CFCs we expect the ozone hole will eventually recover over the 21st century, but this is a slow process. [PAR] The Mesosphere [PAR] The region above the stratosphere is called the mesosphere. Here the temperature again decreases with height, reaching a minimum of about -90\u00b0C at the \"mesopause\". [PAR] The Thermosphere and Ionosphere [PAR] The thermosphere lies above the mesopause,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Professional Development - Tides and Currents: NOAA's ... Professional Development - Tides and Currents: NOAA's National Ocean Service Education [PAR] Professional Development [PAR] Home Education Professional Development Tides and Currents Currents [PAR] Currents [PAR] Currents are the motion in the ocean! While tides involve water moving up and down; currents are the back-and-forth movement of water. Two main components of currents are their speed and direction. A simple way to measure a current is to toss an object into the water and time how long it takes the object to travel a fixed distance. Technology allows us to be a little more accurate and sophisticated in our measurements. For example, the object in the water might be a buoy that is equipped with Global Positioning System technology and satellite communications to relay data and information about its change in position over time in the water. [PAR] Physics of Currents [PAR] Links for Teachers | Links for Students [PAR] Water is constantly moving. The engines driving surface and sub surface currents throughout the world ocean are wind and water density. To understand the dynamics of the global system of ocean currents, you must understand the effect that wind, air and water temperature, salinity, and Earth's rotation have on ocean currents. [PAR] Wind is the flow of air between areas of high and low pressure. If Earth did not rotate, air in the atmosphere would basically circulate in a simple back-and-forth pattern between the poles (high pressure areas) and the equator (a low pressure area). The direction of surface currents would then align with this general wind pattern. But because Earth rotates, circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in curved paths. This deflection is called the Coriolis Effect. [PAR] Global winds drag on the water\u2019s surface. Just as Coriolis deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, it also results in the deflection of major surface ocean currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere (in a clockwise spiral) and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere (in a counter-clockwise spiral). These major spirals of ocean-circling currents are called gyres and occur north and south of the equator. [PAR] One particularly powerful western boundary current is the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern boundary Canary Current, flanks the North Atlantic gyre. The Gulf Stream originates in the Gulf of Mexico, exits through the Strait of Florida, and follows the eastern coastline of the United States and Newfoundland. It influences the climate of the east coast of Florida, keeping temperatures warmer in the winter. Since it also extends toward Europe, it warms western European countries as well. [PAR] The location of modern-day currents exist because of the shape of the ocean basins. This has not always been the case. The long-term positions of currents have changed over millennia due to plate tectonics, climate, and periodic astronomical events such as asteroid impacts. [PAR] Winds drive ocean currents in the upper 100 meters of the ocean\u2019s surface. However, ocean currents also flow thousands of meters below the surface. These deep-ocean currents are driven by differences in the water\u2019s density, which is controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). This process is known as thermohaline circulation. [PAR] In Earth's polar regions, ocean water gets very cold, forming sea ice. As a consequence the surrounding seawater gets saltier, This happens because salt is left behind when sea ice forms. As the seawater gets saltier, its density increases, and it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Climate during the Carboniferous Period - geocraft.com Climate during the Carboniferous Period [PAR] [PAR] Similarities with our Present World [PAR] Average global temperatures in the Early Carboniferous Period were hot- approximately 20\u00b0 C (68\u00b0 F). However, cooling during the Middle Carboniferous reduced average global temperatures to about 12\u00b0 C (54\u00b0 F). As shown on the chart below, this is comparable to the average global temperature on Earth today! [PAR] Similarly, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Early Carboniferous Period were approximately 1500 ppm (parts per million), but by the Middle Carboniferous had declined to about 350 ppm -- comparable to average CO2 concentrations today! [PAR] Earth's atmosphere today contains about 380 ppm CO2 (0.038%). Compared to former geologic times, our present atmosphere, like the Late Carboniferous atmosphere, is CO2- impoverished! In the last 600 million years of Earth's history only the Carboniferous Period and our present age, the Quaternary Period, have witnessed CO2 levels less than 400 ppm. [PAR] [PAR] Global Temperature and Atmospheric CO2 over Geologic Time [PAR] Late Carboniferous to Early Permian time (315 mya -- 270 mya) is the only time period in the last 600 million years when both atmospheric CO2 and temperatures were as low as they are today (Quaternary Period ). [PAR] Temperature after C.R. Scotese http://www.scotese.com/climate.htm [PAR] CO2 after R.A. Berner, 2001 (GEOCARB III) [PAR] See an estimate of CO2 concentrations over the past 15,000 years , based on plant stomata. [PAR] [PAR] There has historically been much more CO2 in our atmosphere than exists today. For example, during the Jurassic Period (200 mya), average CO2 concentrations were about 1800 ppm or about 4.7 times higher than today. The highest concentrations of CO2 during all of the Paleozoic Era occurred during the Cambrian Period, nearly 7000 ppm -- about 18 times higher than today. [PAR] The Carboniferous Period and the Ordovician Period were the only geological periods during the Paleozoic Era when global temperatures were as low as they are today. To the consternation of global warming proponents, the Late Ordovician Period was also an Ice Age while at the same time CO2 concentrations then were nearly 12 times higher than today-- 4400 ppm. According to greenhouse theory, Earth should have been exceedingly hot. Instead, global temperatures were no warmer than today. Clearly, other factors besides atmospheric carbon influence earth temperatures and global warming. [PAR] [PAR] The Carboniferous Ice Age [PAR] Two special conditions of terrestrial landmass distribution, when they exist concurrently, appear as a sort of common denominator for the occurrence of very long-term simultaneous declines in both global temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2): [PAR] 1) the existence of a continuous continental landmass stretching from pole to pole, restricting free circulation of polar and tropical waters, and [PAR] 2) the existence of a large (south) polar landmass capable of supporting thick glacial ice accumulations. [PAR] [PAR] These special conditions existed during the Carboniferous Period, as they do today in our present Quaternary Period. [PAR] Climate change during the Carboniferous Period was dominated by the great Carboniferous Ice Age. As the Earth alternately cooled then warmed, great sheets of glacial ice thousands of feet thick accumulated, then melted, then reaccumulated in synchronous cycles. [PAR] Vast glaciers up to 8,000 feet thick existed at the south pole then, moving from higher elevations to lower, driven by gravity and their tremendous weight. These colossal slow-motion tidal waves of ice destroyed and pulverized everything in their path, scraping the landscape to bare bedrock-- altering mountains, valleys, and river courses. Ancient bedrock in Africa, Australia, India and South America show scratches and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] continental drift - National Geographic Society continental drift - National Geographic Society [PAR] continental drift [PAR] The way some continents fit together like puzzle pieces inspired the theory of continental drift. [PAR] Map by USGS [PAR] Urkontinent [PAR] Alfred Wegener\u2019s original name for his proposed, ancient continent was \u201cUrkontinent\u201d\u2014ur meaning \u201cfirst or original,\u201d and kontinent meaning \u201ccontinent\u201d in Wegener\u2019s native language, German. A more popular name for this huge ancient landmass is Pangaea, which means \u201call lands\u201d in Greek. [PAR] Colliding Skyward [PAR] The collision of the Indian subcontinent and Asian continent created the Himalayan mountain range, home to the world's highest mountain peaks, including 30 that exceed 7300 meters (24,000 feet). Because continental drift is still pushing India into Asia, the Himalayas are still growing. [PAR] Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologist s thought continent s moved over time. Today, the theory of continental drift has been replaced by the science of plate tectonics . [PAR] [PAR] The theory of continental drift is most associated with the scientist Alfred Wegener . In the early 20th century, Wegener published a paper explaining his theory that the continental landmass es were \u201cdrifting\u201d across the Earth, sometimes plowing through oceans and into each other. He called this movement continental drift. [PAR] [PAR] Pangaea [PAR] [PAR] Wegener was convinced that all of Earth\u2019s continents were once part of an enormous , single landmass called Pangaea . [PAR] [PAR] Wegener, trained as an astronomer , used biology , botany , and geology describe Pangaea and continental drift. For example, fossil s of the ancient reptile mesosaurus are only found in southern Africa and South America. Mesosaurus, a freshwater reptile only one meter (3.3 feet) long, could not have swum the Atlantic Ocean. The presence of mesosaurus suggests a single habitat with many lakes and rivers. [PAR] [PAR] Wegener also studied plant fossils from the frigid Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, Norway. These plants were not the hardy specimen s adapt ed to survive in the Arctic climate . These fossils were of tropical plants, which are adapted to a much warmer, more humid environment. The presence of these fossils suggests Svalbard once had a tropical climate . [PAR] [PAR] Finally, Wegener studied the stratigraphy of different rocks and mountain range s. The east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa seem to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle , and Wegener discovered their rock layers \u201cfit\u201d just as clearly. South America and Africa were not the only continents with similar geology. Wegener discovered that the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, for instance, were geologically related to the Caledonian Mountains of Scotland. [PAR] [PAR] Pangaea existed about 240 million years ago. By about 200 million years ago, this supercontinent began breaking up. Over millions of years, Pangaea separated into pieces that moved away from one another. These pieces slowly assumed their positions as the continent we recognize today. [PAR] [PAR] Today, scientists think that several supercontinents like Pangaea have formed and broken up over the course of the Earth\u2019s lifespan. These include Pannotia, which formed about 600 million years ago, and Rodinia, which existed more than a billion years ago. [PAR] [PAR] Tectonic Activity [PAR] [PAR] Scientists did not accept Wegener\u2019s theory of continental drift. One of the elements lacking in the theory was the mechanism for how it works\u2014why did the continents drift and what patterns did they follow? Wegener suggested that perhaps the rotation of the Earth caused the continents to shift towards and apart from each other. (It doesn't.) [PAR] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to cook perfect cullen skink | Life and style | The ... How to cook perfect cullen skink | Life and style | The Guardian [PAR] How to cook perfect cullen skink [PAR] Full-flavoured, hearty, and comfortingly creamy, is cullen skink the world's finest fish soup? [PAR] Felicity's perfect cullen skink. Photograph: Felicity Cloake [PAR] Wednesday 4 January 2012 19.10 EST [PAR] First published on Wednesday 4 January 2012 19.10 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Cullen skink. Not a promising name for a soup, in all honesty \u2013 I think Dickens missed a trick by not borrowing it for one of his villains \u2013 but one sniff and you'll be won over. Stuffed full of warming wintery ingredients like smoked fish and starchy potatoes, made rich and comforting with milk or cream, it never fails to cheer, even in the darkest days of January. (Unless, I admit, you're sitting upwind of someone else's helping, in a badly ventilated office, with only a meanly filled, heavily chilled turkey sandwich for company. Then you might feel, with some justification, that cullen skink is as malevolent as it sounds.) [PAR] About that name: Cullen is, of course, a fishing town on the Moray Firth, an inlet popular with haddock, while \"skink\" has a more puzzling history. The New York Times claims it comes from the Middle High German word for a weak beer , which seems to make some of sense for a thin soup, but the Oxford Companion to Food counters that it's a variation of the German \"schinke\", or ham, denoting a shin specifically: \"so the archetypal skink is a soup made from shin of beef\". [PAR] Cattle perhaps being more valuable than fish in coastal regions, the locals adapted the idea to suit their own ingredients \u2013 and I'm very glad they did. Smokier and more assertive than American chowder, heartier than classical French bisque, it's one of the world's finest seafood soups. [PAR] The fish [PAR] River Cottage recipe cullen skink. Photograph: Felicity Cloake [PAR] The overwhelming flavour of cullen skin is smoked fish \u2013 haddock traditionally, but, as Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall and Nick Fisher point out in the River Cottage Fish Book , just about any smoked white fish will do \u2013 so it's important to make sure that flavour is a good one. [PAR] Most recipes simply call for smoked haddock, with some adding \"preferably undyed\" \u2013 the taste is generally exactly the same, though obviously all that yellow colouring adds nothing positive to the nutritional content \u2013 but Stirling-born Nick Nairn specifies Arbroath smokies in his Great British Menu recipe . [PAR] Smokies are headless, gutted haddock, hot smoked over wood in the traditional fashion, and they're not easy to track down, but the smell when I finally get my mitts on a couple of pairs is enough to convince me they're probably worth the shoe leather. While I love their distinctive wood-smoked flavour and creamy texture, they overpower the soup, giving it an unpalatable acrid character. Save your precious smokies for somewhere they'll be better appreciated. [PAR] The soup base [PAR] Mark Hix recipe cullen skink. Photograph: Felicity Cloake [PAR] Although cullen skink relies upon a certain amount of milk or cream to give it richness, when and how much to add varies wildly. Mark Hix , for example, gives a recipe in British Regional Food which involves cooking the ingredients in fish stock, and stirring in a couple of tablespoons of cream at the end. Although the stock cube I've used is rather overpoweringly fishy, the result is nice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Making Cocktails with Herbs - Monterey Bay Spice Company Making Cocktails with herbs [PAR] Cocktails with Herbs [PAR] Making Cocktails with Herbs [PAR] Herbs can be used for a variety of reasons, whether you are using them for medicinal purposes or for culinary enhancements. Most people may not have given enough thought to adding certain herbs to a refreshing summer cocktail, but each herb can provide your favorite beverage with an interesting twist. Of all the herbs that can be used in a cocktail, perhaps the most popular is the mint herb. In addition to using mint in your refreshing beverages, you can also add the green and spicy flavors of a variety of herbs that you may already have in your backyard or kitchen. This is one additional reason to consider creating your own herb garden. Not only can you create fantastic meals, you can relax with a flavorful drink. [PAR] Mint [PAR] Mint is a type of perennial plant that is relatively easy to grow in your own home. It is considered to be one of the more popular herbs that are used in alcohol beverages. There are a variety of types of mint, some of which include spearmint, peppermint, apple mint, and pineapple mint. Peppermint has lavender flowers and dark green leaves. Spearmint has pink flowers and lighter green leaves that are pointy. Apple mint has light green leaves and pineapple mint has white-banded green leaves. This herb can add a cool and slightly sweet flavor to your cocktails whether you want to enjoy a mojito, margarita or other type of beverage. [PAR] Watermelon Mint Margaritas [PAR] Thyme [PAR] Thyme is an herb that is widely used in the culinary world. It is used across the world such as in Mediterranean, Indian, French, Levantine and Spanish cuisines. It is most often used to add flavor to meats, stews and soups, but can also add a slightly bitter note to cocktails. It also adds green flavors and can give the impression of gin minus the overpowering flavor of juniper. It is used to counterpart flavors that include lemons, pears and apples. [PAR] Lemon Thyme Martinis [PAR] Basil [PAR] Basil is another herb that can easily be grown in the comfort of your own home. It is considered to be the king of herbs by most gardeners. It is a fragrant herb that has more than 50 different species. Basil has a strong and distinct flavor that gives off a peppery edge with a savory and sweet note. It adds a rich and spicy flavor to your cocktails. [PAR] Drinks Containing Basil [PAR] Oregano [PAR] Oregano is a part of the mint family and is a low-growing type of perennial plant. It is native to the Mediterranean and Western Europe. It is closely related to and sometimes called wild marjoram. The Greek, or Italian oregano is the most widely used type in the culinary and cocktail worlds. The flavor that oregano adds to cocktails is similar to that of sage and basil. It adds a note to the cocktail that is warm, green and spicy. [PAR] Bloody Mariana [PAR] Sage [PAR] Sage is an herb that is native to the Mediterranean. It is another type of low-growing perennial and is an evergreen shrub that has lavender flowers. It has been used for thousands of years for its medicinal properties, but is even more widely known in the culinary world for flavoring bread stuffings, pork and poultry. Sage has an enticing aroma and a strong flavor that can overpower food or cocktails if too much is used. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DIY vs. Buy: How to Make Cherry Liqueur | Serious Eats DIY vs. Buy: How to Make Cherry Liqueur | Serious Eats [PAR] DIY vs. Buy: How to Make Cherry Liqueur [PAR] DIY Cherry Liqueur [PAR] The first time I tried cherry liqueur, I thought it tasted like cough syrup. For years, I avoided anything made with the stuff because I don't want my cocktails to remind me of sick children. Then one day I ordered a Singapore Sling without really knowing what was in it. When I found out that cherry liqueur played a big part in making this drink so good, I realized that maybe I had stereotyped all cherry liqueurs because of one that was particularly bad (and probably cheap). [PAR] Prejudice erased, I soon started splashing a little cherry liqueur in everything from Manhattans to Sangria. I went a little nuts at the roadside cherry stands this summer, so once I saw I had more cherries than my freezer and I knew what to do with, I knew it was time to experiment with my own cherry liqueur. [PAR] What's Available to Buy? [PAR] When you're buying cherry liqueur, you have to pay attention or you may end up with the wrong thing. Cherry liqueur is sweetened and can be made with any type of spirit base. [PAR] Brandy is the most common, so cherry liqueur is often called cherry brandy. Then there's kirsch or kirschwasser, which is an unsweetened eau de vie distilled from cherries. But sometimes kirsch is called cherry brandy. You can't use kirsch and cherry liqueur interchangeably, since one is sweet and the other isn't. [PAR] Despite the somewhat confusing name game, it's actually not difficult to know if you have the right bottle in your hand. Kirsch, the unsweetened eau de vie, is clear in color, while liqueurs will be dark. [PAR] Cherry Heering is my favorite cherry liqueur, and it's not hard to find for about $25 or $30 a bottle. It's made with real cherries and it actually tastes like cherries. There are also more affordable options from Bols and Hiram Walker, but now that I make my own, I haven't been tempted. [PAR] Why DIY? [PAR] Cherry Heering tastes great and is made with real fruit, so the reason to DIY isn't because good commercial cherry liqueur doesn't exist. But it's fun to turn a basket of local fruit into something delicious that you can drink for months to come. While I'm certainly not going to age my liqueur in oak casks in the garage, I can make a complex and fruity liqueur using my trusty steeping jar. [PAR] Making your own cherry liqueur is a simple and inexpensive way to expand your home cocktail repertoire. Cherry liqueur wasn't one of my home bar staples, so once I decided to make my own I was surprised by all the recipes I had previously missed out on trying. [PAR] Get the Recipe [PAR] DIY Cherry Liqueur \u00bb [PAR] Use It! [PAR] You can sip your cherry liqueur on the rocks, or splash it in some sparkling wine or seltzer. Add it to some cola for a delicious and slightly alcoholic version of Cherry Coke, or use it to add depth to a sangria. [PAR] With a little tasting and adjusting, you can use homemade cherry liqueur in recipes that call for Cherry Heering or cherry brandy. The Singapore Sling is the drink that won me over\u2014it's fun and fruity without being syrupy sweet or unbalanced. [PAR] Another delightful drink is the Buck's Fizz , which is like"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guacamole Recipes - Recipes and simple secrets to making ... Simple secrets to making excellent guacamole [PAR] By Will Brokaw [PAR] Quality avocados are the key component of excellent guacamole. [PAR] Few things are as addictive as perfectly-made guacamole. I can think of nothing that disappears faster at a party, ballgame, or dinner. Due to my occupation as an avocado extraordinaire, many people ask me what the secret is to making great guacamole. [PAR] Believe it or not, it is not hard to make excellent guacamole, but there are a few simple guidelines to follow. [PAR] (1) Start with excellent, high-quality avocados. [PAR] First, since avocados are the main ingredient in guacamole, the most critical factor is to start with excellent, high-quality avocados. [PAR] For most purposes, the Hass variety of avocado is usually the most popular option, due to it\u2019s buttery taste and smooth texture. From September-February, however, try Gwen avocados, as their buttery flavor exceeds that of the Hass variety during this period. [PAR] Many of the avocados you see in supermarkets are either old or of inferior quality, due to the fact that the supply chain is so long. [PAR] Choose a size such that you will be able to eat the whole fruit in one sitting. This way you will not have to store an avocado half in the refrigerator. Left-over half avocados will likely discolor within a few hours (unless, of course, they happen to be extremely fresh.) [PAR] You can choose hard avocados, but you will have to wait for them to ripen on their own schedule! (Of course, if you really want the highest-quality RIPE avocados, you can always order directly from WillsAvocados.com.) [PAR] (2) Start simple, go slow. [PAR] Get ready! The basic ingredients of guacamole are: salt & pepper! [PAR] The secret with these basic ingredients is to add them to taste. Don\u2019t add too many ingredients or too much at once, or you will risk making your guacamole too powerful in one area or another. Again, the main ingredient of guacamole is the avocado, and that\u2019s the main thing that you should be able to taste. You should constantly be tasting your guacamole as you add to it! [PAR] These basic ingredients alone should generate consistent complements from those you serve. [PAR] (3) Special ingredients often improve even a perfect guacamole. [PAR] Everyone has a special ingredient they like to add to the guacamole mix. Here are some ingredients that you can experiment with. Again \u2013 go slow and add them to taste! [PAR] Freshly Diced Garlic. Pre-crushed garlic (sold in a jar) or garlic powder is simply no substitute for the punch of fresh, finely-chopped garlic. Again, this should be added to taste, and the garlic should not overpower the avocado itself. [PAR] Lime (or lemon) juice. Freshly-squeezed. Not only does lime add flavor and punch to your basic guacamole, but it may also help preserve it longer from browning! [PAR] Cilantro. Fresh, finely-chopped cilantro is one thing that can improve a guacamole by adding a distinct flavor and a slight crunch. But you run a risk here, as some people do not like cilantro. Consider your audience before adding it. [PAR] Hot Sauce. Try Tapatio , or other hot-pepper sauces. These are also ingredients that are just as easy to add in later by the individual. [PAR] Fresh Bulb Onion: Chopped Small. If you're into onion, you'll love the flavor and crunchy yet succulent texture it gives to guacamole. [PAR] Canned Peppers/Chiles. As someone who loves food, I normally do not stray from fresh, whole ingredients"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rigatoni with Cheese and Italian Sausage recipe ... Rigatoni with Cheese and Italian Sausage recipe | Epicurious.com [PAR] This was yummy, I had with Rao's Marinara. Easy, but very good [PAR] graham66 / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate [PAR] This is easy and impressive. Next time I'd like to scale up on quality of ingredients, but even with purchased marinara, it was a keeper. I used local Boulder brand hot Italian sausage and Bertolli marinara. I don't think you can mess up with the proportions either -- I used 1 lb. of pasta and 1 lb. of sausage and 1 jar of sauce. I'd use more sauce next time and make my own, maybe with big chunks of tomatoes. It's a beautiful dish! [PAR] jendi51 from Denver, CO / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate [PAR] Made this with shells as well - used only mild italian sausage (family preference) and added basil/oregano/thyme. Used extra garlic. Had Wesleydale not Mozza - was even better! Family inhaled this - will make again [PAR] A Cook from Milton, ON / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate [PAR] This was a total hit at my house. I made it family style and so added more sausage and cheese. Also, I didn't have rigatoni and so I used shells instead. It reheated well. A definite keeper! [PAR] jsd517 from Redwood City, CA / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate[DOC] [TLE] Rigatoni with Vegetable Bolognese Recipe - Food Network Rigatoni with Vegetable Bolognese Recipe : Giada De Laurentiis : Food Network [PAR] Chocolate Cheesecake Recipes [PAR] 4.6 226 [PAR] Wow! This was so good, I will definitely make it his again! Anonymous 2016-12-20T23:46:31Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] WOW WOW WOW SOOOOOO GOOD!<div>Easy and delicious!! Just so good. One of my favorites for sure!</div> lovesdogs 2016-04-09T01:40:39Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] Wow! This is such an easy, incredibly tasty bolognese. My husband and I could have eaten the whole thing! So tasty you don't miss the meat. I will be making this over and over! Michele H. 2016-03-23T22:50:56Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] Off the charts AWESOME!!! I'm a vegetarian and this is SO my new go-to recipe! I omitted the carrots and the store didn't have porcini mushrooms, but it was amazing even without the few ingredients I didn't have! Seriously, if you didn't like this, THERE'S SOMETHING SERIOUSLY WRONG WITH YOU!!! Julie M. 2015-03-23T15:01:05Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] I loved this recipe, and so did my dinner guests! I definitely cooked it much longer to allow the depth of flavor to develop. I added salt and pepper to taste while cooking. The addition of the wine, and the final addition of the mascarpone are key, as without either one, the sauce would be too bland and garlicky. Also, I pulsed my veggies pretty fine in the processor, they weren't very chunky and I think this made for a better result. Read more at: http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/giada-de-laurentiis/rigatoni-with-vegetable-bolognese-recipe.html?oc=linkback TRISHA T. 2015-02-01T16:56:23Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] The only addition I recommend to this great dish is some red pepper flakes. Tom Corlett 2014-11-14T14:14:39Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] I am not much of a fan of mushrooms, but saw this recipe in People Magazine and learned it is one of Giada's favorites, so I had to try. It is rich, savory and one of the best meals I've ever made. My picky eaters even loved it. This recipe is a definite keeper and will be a dish I will prepare for guests. ecooks1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Tandoori Clay Oven for use in Restaurant and Home Types of Tandoori Clay Oven for use in Restaurant and Home [PAR] Resources [PAR] Types of Tandoor [PAR] In a layman\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds parlance tandoor is clay oven with a hole in the bottom. The hole is used for adding and removing fuel .Typically, a special type of clay along with shredded coir rope is used to prepare the oven. To solidify the oven a special paste of mustard oil, jaggery, yoghurt and ground spinach is rubbed inside the oven. The history of tandoor indeed goes back to Arab countries from where it has spread to India and finally to western countries. The word tandoor has been derived from Babylonian word \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtinuru\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd from the Semitic word \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdnar\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd meaning fire. Arabic then made it tannur and then Turkey and Central Asia made it tandoor. In ancient times there were only clay tandoor but now a days, there are different types of tandoor as discussed below. [PAR] Square Tandoor: [PAR] Square tandoor is commonly used by all restaurants across the world in their kitchen. To make square tandoor, first Stainless Steel Square Box is made and given smooth finish around edges. After box is made, clay pot is installed inside the box and remaining space is covered with Fiber Blanket and Thermal Insulation to keep heat inside the clay pot. [PAR] Till 2004 most of the restaurants were using tandoors with charcoal as fuel. All cooks prefer charcoal due to unique combination of clay and charcoal in Tandoori cooking as charcoal burns slowly and keep clay pot hot for longer time. [PAR] But charcoal has its own issues like irregular supply from vendors and requires special exhaust hood in kitchen. Due to these factors, most restaurant users stopped using Charcoal as fuel and shifted to Gas Tandoors. [PAR] Gas tandoors are similar to Square tandoors and only difference is fuel which can be Natural Gas or Propane (L.P.G). Gas tandoors are fitted with burners and unique Baffle plate which sits on burners, to deflect flame of the burner, to heat up clay pot. [PAR] Gas Tandoors are as good as charcoal tandoors though some Tandoori lovers may disagree. Gas tandoors are more users friendly, easy to operate clean fuel and offer economical operating cost. Before buying Gas Tandoors, please make sure about kind of burners used, whether burner comes with Pilot Safety System and Igniter as unsafe Gas Burner installation can be dangerous. Therefore buy Gas Tandoors which are certified by recognized agencies and come with \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdCE \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdor \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNSF\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd or \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdETL\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd labels. [PAR] A Regular size Square tandoor is good for 60 seats Restaurant for Bread and Kebab use. If you have more seats, it is suggested to buy 2 tandoors and use 1 for Bread and other for Kebabs. [PAR] Clay Pots [PAR] Clay pots for tandoors are prepared by hand with great care. The clay for the tandoor is available freely but cautious approach should be taken when selecting the best clay for this purpose. In Asian countries like India, clay is sourced from special locations and is cleaned and refined for making clay pot. Various additives like hay and hairs of goats & sheep\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds hair are added in the clay mixture in order to give special strength as temperatures ranging upto 1000 degrees centigrade can be seen in clay pots. [PAR] In recent years, makers of tandoors in United Kingdom are making clay pot with special clay only available in few mines across the world. Though this clay is different from Indian clay, it is more pure and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harvey Wallbanger recipe | Epicurious.com Harvey Wallbanger recipe | Epicurious.com [PAR] 1 orange slice for garnish [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Preparation [PAR] In a highball glass almost filled with ice cubes, combine the vodka and orange juice. Stir well. Float the Galliano on top and garnish with orange slice [PAR] Nutritional Info"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Martin quits Saturday Kitchen after 10 years ... James Martin quits Saturday Kitchen after 10 years fronting the BBC weekend show | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Hanging up the apron: James Martin faces outpouring of grief from fans as he quits Saturday Kitchen after 10 years fronting the popular BBC weekend show [PAR] Chef has announced decision to leave popular cooking show after a decade at its helm [PAR] TV personality explained he wanted to pursue other ventures [PAR] Fans have taken to social media in their droves to share their disappointment [PAR] James is expected to make final appearance on BBC One show in March [PAR] Range of guest presenters are set to fill in for the culinary favourite[DOC] [TLE] Saturday Kitchen: Guests presenters announced after James ... Saturday Kitchen: Guests presenters announced after James Martin's departure - Telegraph [PAR] News [PAR] Saturday Kitchen: Guests presenters announced after James Martin's departure [PAR] Michel Roux Jr, Rick Stein, Masterchef judge John Torode and Lorraine Pascale to take the helm over next few weeks [PAR] Rick Stein (clockwise from top left), John Torode, Lorraine Pascale and Michel Roux Jr [PAR] Follow [PAR] Saturday Kitchen is to be hosted by a string of celebrity chefs after presenter James Martin leaves the show, the BBC has said. [PAR] Michel Roux Jr will present the first programme after Martin's departure on April 26, while Rick Stein, Masterchef judge John Torode and Lorraine Pascale are among the famous names set to take the helm over the next few weeks. [PAR] Chinese food specialist Ching-He Huang, Italian restaurateur Gennaro Contaldo and British chef Matt Tebbutt have also been confirmed as guest presenters. [PAR] Roux Jr said: \"I've been a fan of the show for many years and can't wait to cook up some magic with some of the great chefs the show attracts.\" [PAR] Pascale added: \"I am so excited to be hosting Saturday Kitchen. I will miss sitting at home on the sofa in my pyjamas watching James Martin but so happy to be a part of the next chapter of this quintessential show.\" [PAR] James Martin will not disappear from the show entirely [PAR] Meanwhile, Torode said he was \"really excited to be part of the new Saturday Kitchen family\". [PAR] Martin will present his last Saturday Kitchen on BBC One on March 26 after 10 years with the show. [PAR] The live cookery programme has become a hit with viewers since its inception in 2002, fronted by a then relatively unknown Gregg Wallace, followed by Antony Worrall Thompson. [PAR] A BBC spokeswoman said Martin's last show would be \"packed with plenty of nostalgia, classic clips from James's tenure, and surprise appearances by some of the big name chefs who have made his 10 years so memorable\". [PAR] Martin has not disappeared from the show entirely and will still be seen on Saturday Kitchen Best Bites on BBC Two on Sunday mornings."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Food Dishes and How they Got Their Names Famous Food Dishes and How they Got Their Names [PAR] Famous Food Dishes and How they Got Their Names [PAR] The origins of Beef Stroganoff and Peach Melba [PAR] by David Johnson [PAR] 1/4 cup seedless grapes, halved [PAR] 1/2 cup plain yogurt [PAR] Directions [PAR] 1. In a bowl, toss together the apples, lemon juice, celery, walnuts, raisins, and grapes. [PAR] 2. In another bowl, fold together the yogurt and mayonnaise. Add to salad and mix well. [PAR] Related Links [PAR] Restaurant [PAR] People often ask what is in a particular dish they are about to eat, but seldom do they ask how that particular meal got its name. The origins of a dish are often as interesting as the food itself, as the following guide indicates. [PAR] Beef Stroganoff [PAR] A combination of beef, mushrooms, and sour cream, Beef Stroganoff was the prize-winning recipe created for a cooking competition held in the 1890s in St. Petersburg , Russia . The chef who devised the recipe worked for the Russian diplomat Count Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, a member of one of Russia's grandest noble families. [PAR] Beef Wellington [PAR] A national hero for defeating Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was made the first Duke of Wellington . He loved a dish of beef, mushrooms, truffles, Madeira wine, and pat\u00e9 cooked in pastry, which has been named in his honor. [PAR] Caesar Salad [PAR] In the 1920s, Caesar Cardini, owner of an Italian restaurant in Tijuana, Mexico , and his brother, Alex, invented a salad of romaine lettuce, anchovies, coddled egg, lemon juice, grated Parmesan cheese, and garlic-flavored croutons tossed with a garlic vinaigrette flavored with Worcestershire sauce . At first it was called Aviator's Salad, but later Cardini named the dish after himself. [PAR] Chicken Marengo [PAR] A French dish of chicken braised with garlic, tomatoes, olives, white wine or brandy, and garnished with crayfish and sometimes fried eggs, Chicken Marengo was born on the battlefield. On June 14, 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Austro-Hungarian army at the village of Marengo, in northern Italy. After a ferocious battle in which 5,800 French and 9,400 Austrians were killed, the victorious French were ravenous. Chicken Marengo was made from whatever ingredients they were able to take from the village. [PAR] Delmonico Steak (and Delmonico Potatoes) [PAR] Swiss immigrants, the Delmonico family created New York City's first real luxury restaurant, which they ran from 1835 to 1881. With a menu printed in French and English, Delmonico's featured French and American cuisine. Under the direction of French chef Charles Ranhofer, Delmonico's set the standard for gourmet food. Delmonico Steak, a tender strip of usually boneless top loin, has become an American classic. It is also known as Kansas City strip steak or New York steak. Delmonico Potatoes are boiled, buttered potatoes sprinkled with parsley and lemon juice. Eggs Benedict and Lobster Newburg were also created at the restaurant. [PAR] Eggs Benedict [PAR] Eggs Benedict was most likely created at Delmonico's Restaurant, in New York City, in response to a complaint that the menu never changed. Regulars at the fancy restaurant, Mr. and Mrs. LeGrand Benedict asked for something new. To oblige, the chef served up eggs on ham served on a muffin and covered in Hollandaise sauce . [PAR] Once called Lobster Wenberg, the name of the dish was changed after Ben Wenberg participated in a brawl at the originating restaurant. [PAR] [PAR] Lobster Newburg [PAR] In the mid-1800s, shipping magnate Ben Wenberg asked Charles Ranhofer, chef at Delmonico's Restaurant, to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Historical liquor made from molasses, sugar | The Triangle Historical liquor made from molasses, sugar | The Triangle [PAR] Historical liquor made from molasses, sugar [PAR] September 23, 2011 by Matthew.Hartshorne [PAR] Rum has lately become a staple of college parties, but many people do not appreciate its long and varied history. First, though, it\u2019s helpful to understand a little bit about what rum is, and how it is made. Rum is defined as liquor made by fermenting and distilling sugarcane juice or, more commonly, the tailings from sugar production, such as molasses. The distillation process is generally done in a column still to provide a cleaner, more consistent product; however, a number of distillers still utilize pot stills for small batches. After distillation, rum is aged in oak barrels for a period of time. Rum is classified by its color as light, gold or dark, with darker rum having more flavor or spice based upon other additives. [PAR] The particular rum in question is Cruzan Rum\u2019s Cruzan Black Strap. This rum is part of a subset of dark rum called Naval Rum. Cruzan Rum was founded in 1760 on the island of St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Ownership of the distillery has passed through a number of corporations over the years, currently residing with Beam Global Spirits Inc., but distillery operations have been managed by the Nelthropp family for eight generations. Naval Rum is the darkest of the rums, ranging from dark amber to opaque black in color. The color comes from the retention of a larger percentage of the molasses components, which results in a far, far stronger flavor than in any other type of rum. Cruzan Black Strap rum is intended as a slightly smoother version of Naval Rum, especially low in hot fusel alcohols, providing an accessible version of the style to the general public. [PAR] The rum pours a jet black, but reveals a beautiful deep ruby red color with golden red highlights right at the edge of the glass. When served in a snifter, a surprising amount of spicy alcohol character is present, which almost covered the sweet vanilla and molasses notes. The taste is very sweet for liquor, far sweeter than even most bourbons, but not cloying. The taste is of very smooth and sweet molasses, or perhaps even a very dark brown sugar with hints of caramel. The rums have a very smooth, warming nature to them without giving the impression of being spiced at all. The best description I\u2019ve heard of this rum is that it\u2019s \u201cdessert in a bottle,\u201d and I have used it that way on several occasions. [PAR] Though I love to drink this rum straight, I also find that it provides a wonderful, caramel molasses character to mixed drinks. I decided to mix up three cocktails, although all three are debatably highballs, which is a name for the category of drinks made by cutting a portion of liquor with a larger portion of mixer. [PAR] The first is the reliable standby of the college house party, the rum and coke. This particular drink was vastly improved by the substitution of the Black Strap. My main objection to the usual rum and coke is that the soda overshadows the rum; however, there is not a chance of this happening if a reasonable portion of Black Strap is used. The vanilla character of the rum really penetrates, reminding me of Vanilla Coke, and the molasses flavor provides a nice, sweet caramel depth. This drink is improved even more by a twist of lemon, and I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Food and Drink Puzzles - Food and Drink [PAR] 1. What is the main ingredient of Guacamole? [PAR] 2. Rigatoni is what? [PAR] 3. What is the name of the special Indian clay oven? [PAR] 4. In which Cornish seaside town does Rick Stein have his seafood restaurant? [PAR] 5. Name one (or more!) of the spices used to infuse Mulled Wine [PAR] 6. What flavour is the drink Ouzo? [PAR] 7. What is the first name of Greg's fearsome female) sidekick, sous-chef to Michel Roux, in Celebrity Mastechef? [PAR] 8. Which food dish is named after one of Napoleon's famous victories? [PAR] 9. What alcoholic drink is made from molasses? [PAR] 10. In Greek cuisine vine or cabbage leaves with a savoury stuffing are called what? [PAR] 6. What flavour is the drink Ouzo? [PAR] Liquorice [PAR] 9. What alcoholic drink is made from molasses? [PAR] Rum [PAR] 1. What is the main ingredient of Guacamole? [PAR] avocados [PAR] 5. Name one (or more!) of the spices used to infuse Mulled Wine [PAR] cinnamon, allspice, clove ...? [PAR] 10. In Greek cuisine vine or cabbage leaves with a savoury stuffing are called what? [PAR] um, dolmades???? [PAR] 4. In which Cornish seaside town does Rick Stein have his seafood restaurant? Padstow [PAR] 6. What flavour is the drink Ouzo? Aniseed [PAR] 7. What is the first name of Greg's fearsome female sidekick, sous-chef to Michel Roux Jnr, in Celebrity Masterchef? Celebrity? She in the chef Masterchef is our Monica. [PAR] 8. Which food dish is named after one of Napoleon's famous victories? Chicken Marengo [PAR] 3. What is the name of the special Indian clay oven? the Tandoor [PAR] we could add 'Nutmeg' to the mulled wine spices. Though I always use a sachet.... [PAR] I have a bit of a girl-crush on Monica, even though she is terrifyingly stern. [PAR] I think Monica is all dolled up for one of the Masterchef progs this week, I is sure I saw her in a very smart silver grey outfit in one of the trailers. [PAR] I must set my digirecorder[DOC] [TLE] Greek Recipes for Stuffed Grape Leaves - Greek Food Greek Recipes for Stuffed Grape Leaves [PAR] Recipes for Greek Appetizers, Starters, and Mezethes [PAR] Stuffed Grape Leaves, Grape Leaf Rolls, Vine Leaves [PAR] Stuffed grape leaves (dolmades, dolmathakia) are a favorite appetizer and meze, and one of the most traditional of all Greek dishes. They can also be served as a side dish or main dish. [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Military Units of the Civil Wars, Commonwealth & Protectorate Military Units of the Civil Wars, Commonwealth & Protectorate [PAR] Top of Page [PAR] The Horse (Cavalry) [PAR] Cavalrymen were organised in troops like infantry companies. Each troop was commanded by a captain and consisted of between thirty and one hundred men. Although some cavalry troops operated independently, they were usually brigaded together into a regiment of around six troops under the command of a colonel. [PAR] Cuirassiers [PAR] Cuirassiers were the lineal descendants of the fully-armoured men-at-arms of the Middle Ages. They rode into battle encased in a suit of articulated armour, with the exception of the lower leg (which was protected by a long boot) and the back of the thigh. [PAR] The invention of the wheel-lock firing mechanism made it practical to use firearms on horseback, so cuirassiers discarded the heavy lance in favour of pistols, carbines and swords. Mounted and armoured pistoleers, called reiters, dominated European battlefields during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. [PAR] Although it was fashionable for officers and noblemen to sit for portraits in full armour, very few cuirassier units served during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Not only were cuirassiers expensive to equip and maintain, it was also difficult to find horses strong enough to bear their weight. Their cumbersome armour became steadily less effective as firearms improved, which is consistent with the general decline in the use of protective armour during the 17th century. Individual commanders on both sides sometimes went into battle equipped as cuirassiers but the only regular cuirassier units were Parliamentarian. [PAR] The cuirassier lifeguard troops of the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Bedford and Sir William Balfour played an important role at the battle of Edgehill in 1642. The most famous cuirassier unit of the civil wars was Sir Arthur Hesilrige's regiment, the \"Lobsters\", which was active during 1643 as the heavy cavalry of Sir William Waller's army but was reformed as a harquebusier regiment after Waller's defeat at Roundway Down. [PAR] Harquebusiers [PAR] Most civil war cavalry were equipped as \"harquebusiers\". Originally, harquebusiers were foot soldiers who had exchanged the crossbow for the arquebus (or harquebus), an early form of matchlock firearm. During the French religious wars of the 16th century, harquebusiers were mounted on horseback. By the early 17th century, they had evolved into the light cavalrymen of western Europe. [PAR] Ideally, harquebusiers were armed with a carbine or harquebus, a pair of pistols and a sword. During the civil wars, the carbine or harquebus was likely to be carried by officers only. The carbine is distinguished from the harquebus by being of larger bore and firing a larger, heavier bullet. Both types had a barrel length of around three feet and were carried suspended from a shoulder belt. The pistols, carried in saddle holsters, had a barrel length of around twenty inches. Cavalry firearms were of the firelock pattern, either flintlocks or the more expensive and less popular wheel-lock. Harquebusier defensive armour consisted of a light breast- and back-plate and pot helmet, sometimes with a \"gorget\" to protect the throat. A thick leather buff-coat was usually worn underneath the armour, and often replaced it altogether. A distinctive feature of English harquebusier arms was the three-bar pot helmet with articulated neck-guard. [PAR] Harquebusiers were classified as light cavalry, in contrast to cuirassiers who were regarded as heavy cavalry. In practice, however, cavalry tactics developed during the civil wars so that harquebusier regiments such as Prince Rupert's horse and Cromwell's Ironsides fought as shock troops, the role usually associated with cuirassiers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Howard Russell | British journalist | Britannica.com William Howard Russell | British journalist | Britannica.com [PAR] William Howard Russell [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in history of publishing: Foundations of modern journalism [PAR] ...go and get the news, were recruited, and they replaced many occasional correspondents, although there was always room for the stringer, a part-time reporter based in a small town or a remote region. William Howard Russell, a reporter for the London Times during the Crimean War (1853\u201356), became famous as one of the first war correspondents, and his writings..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] France History - French History of the Bourbon Dynasty French History of the Bourbon Dynasty [PAR] Louis-Phillippe, King of the French 1830-1848 [PAR] With the advent of the Second Republic in 1848, Bourbon monarchy in France ended. [PAR] The Bourbon pretender to the throne of France, the Comte de Chambord, was offered a restored throne following the collapse of the empire of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. However the stubborn Chambord refused to accept the throne unless France abandoned the revolution-inspired tricolore and accepted what he regarded as the true Bourbon flag of France, something the French National Assembly could not possibly agree to. (The tricolour, having been associated with the First Republic, had been used by the July Monarchy, Second Republic and Empire.) [PAR] A temporary Third Republic was established, while monarchists waited for Chambord to die and for the succession to pass to the Comte de Paris, who was willing to accept the tricolour. However Chambord did not die for over a decade, by which public opinion switched to support the republic as the 'form of government that divides us least.' [PAR] Henry IV of France [PAR] Henry IV (December 13, 1553 - May 14, 1610) was King of France from 1589-1610, the first of the Bourbon kings of France. He was the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome and Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre. Henry was born in Pau, Pyr\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9es-Atlantiques, in the southwest of France. [PAR] On August 18 1572 Henry married Marguerite de Valois, sister of the then King Charles IX. In the same year he became king Henry III of Navarre, succeeding his mother Jeanne d'Albret, who had brought him up as a Huguenot. Jeanne herself was also a Protestant, and had declared Calvinism the religion of Navarre. [PAR] Henry's marriage was part of a plan to help quell the French Wars of Religion. As part of this plan, he was forced to convert to Roman Catholicism on February 5, 1576, and kept in confinement, but later that year he gained his freedom and resumed Protestantism. [PAR] He became the legal heir to the French throne upon the death in 1584 of Fran\u00c3\u00a7ois, Duke of Alen\u00c3\u00a7on, brother and heir to King Henri III, who had succeeded Charles IX in 1574. [PAR] Since Henry of Navarre was a descendant of King Louis IX, King Henry III had no choice but to recognize him as the legitimate successor. (Salic law disinherited the king's sisters and all others who could claim descent by distaff line.) In December 1588 King Henry III had the Duke of Guise and that man's brother the Cardinal, murdered. Henry had to flee Paris and joined forces with Henri of Navarre, but died shortly thereafter. [PAR] On the death of the king in 1589, Henri of Navarre became nominally the king of France. But the Catholic League, strengthened by support from outside, especially from Spain, was strong enough to force him to the south, and he had to set about winning his kingdom by military conquest. He was victorious at Ivry and Arques, but failed to take Paris. [PAR] With the encouragement of the great love of his life, Gabrielle d'Estr\u00c3\u00a9e, on July 25, 1593 he declared that Paris vaut bien une messe (Paris was worth a Mass) and permanently renounced Protestantism. His entrance into the Roman Catholic Church secured for him the allegiance of the vast majority of his subjects and he was crowned King of France at the Cathedral of Chartres on February 27, 1594. In 1598, however, he declared the Edict of Nantes, which gave circumscribed toleration"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Emancipation of the Russian Serfs, 1861: A Charter of ... The Emancipation of the Russian Serfs, 1861: A Charter of Freedom or an Act of Betrayal? | History Today [PAR] The Emancipation of the Russian Serfs, 1861: A Charter of Freedom or an Act of Betrayal? [PAR] Russia Civil Rights , Social [PAR] Michael Lynch takes a fresh look at the key reform of 19th-century Russia. [PAR] In 1861 serfdom, the system which tied the Russian peasants irrevocably to their landlords, was abolished at the Tsar\u2019s imperial command. Four years later, slavery in the USA was similarly declared unlawful by presidential order. Tsar Alexander II (1855-81) shared with his father, Nicholas I, a conviction that American slavery was inhumane. This is not as hypocritical as it might first appear. The serfdom that had operated in Russia since the middle of the seventeenth century was technically not slavery. The landowner did not own the serf. This contrasted with the system in the USA where the negro slaves were chattels; that is, they were regarded in law as the disposable property of their masters. In Russia the traditional relationship between lord and serf was based on land. It was because he lived on his land that the serf was bound to the lord. [PAR] The Russian system dated back to 1649 and the introduction of a legal code which had granted total authority to the landowner to control the life and work of the peasant serfs who lived on his land. Since this included the power to deny the serf the right to move elsewhere, the difference between slavery and serfdom in practice was so fine as to be indistinguishable. The purpose behind the granting of such powers to the Russian dvoriane (nobility of landowners) in 1649 had been to make the nobles dependent on, and therefore loyal to, the tsar. They were to express that loyalty in practical form by serving the tsar as military officers or public officials. In this way the Romanov emperors built up Russia\u2019s civil bureaucracy and the armed services as bodies of public servants who had a vested interest in maintaining the tsarist state. [PAR] The serfs made up just over a third of the population and formed half of the peasantry. They were most heavily concentrated in the central and western provinces of Russia. [PAR] Why was it necessary to end Serfdom? [PAR] In a number of respects serfdom was not dissimilar to the feudalism that had operated in many parts of pre-modern Europe. However, long before the 19th century, the feudal system had been abandoned in western Europe as it moved into the commercial and industrial age. Imperial Russia underwent no such transition. It remained economically and socially backward. Nearly all Russians acknowledged this. Some, known as slavophiles, rejoiced, claiming that holy Russia was a unique God-inspired nation that had nothing to learn from the corrupt nations to the west. But many Russians, of all ranks and classes, had come to accept that reform of some kind was unavoidable if their nation was to progress. [PAR] It became convenient to use serfdom to explain all Russia\u2019s current weaknesses: it was responsible for military incompetence, food shortages, over population, civil disorder, industrial backwardness. These were oversimplified explanations but there some truth in all of them: serfdom was symptomatic of the underlying difficulties that held Russia back from progress.It was, therefore, a particularly easy target for the intelligentsia, those intellectuals who in their writings argued for the liberalising of Russian society, beginning with the emancipation of the exploited peasants. [PAR] As often happened"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Kursk: 1943 - Olive-Drab.com 1943: Battle of Kursk [PAR] Today in WW II: 14 Jan 1943 Churchill and Roosevelt begin the Casablanca conference . [PAR] Battle of Kursk: 5\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd19 July 1943 [PAR] Battery of Red Army 152mm howitzers preparing to fire during the Battle of Kursk. 3,000 guns and aircraft severely disrupted the German deployment at the outset of Operation Citadel. [PAR] The German push into Russia had been stopped at the gates of Moscow in the winter of 1941-42 and again at Stalingrad on the Volga a year later. In February 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad ended with over 300,000 German soldiers dead or captured. Soviet forces moved on Kharkov but a German counterattack stopped that Winter Offensive. [PAR] To bolster morale in Germany and hold his allies in line, Hitler needed a clear cut victory in Russia. To erase the pain of Stalingrad, Hitler decided to order a massive force to regain the initiative against the Red Army. [PAR] Hitler and his generals looked for a place where a decisive victory could be purchased relatively cheaply. They chose to cut off a 90 mile bulge in the Eastern Front between the cities of Orel and Kharkov that included the small city of Kursk at its pivot, using a gigantic pincer movement. Hitler's key military leaders wanted to stage this offensive (Operation Citadel) in May 1943, but bickering and interference by Hitler delayed it until early July. [PAR] Months of preparation under the eyes of the Soviet army eliminated any surprise when Operation Citadel launched on 5 July. The Germans failed in their objective to pinch off the Kursk salient and suffered irreplacable losses of men and materiel in the process. Now that both German and Soviet records are available, it is clear that the German plan was based on faulty assumptions. After two years of fighting inside Soviet territory, the Germans assumed that a well-prepared offensive would be able to penetrate the Soviet defense and that superior German tactics, staff work, and weaponry would compensate for greater Soviet numbers. Furthermore, they thought that adverse weather would hamper any Soviet offensive, and that if such an offensive occurred, the mobile German counterattack could halt it. [PAR] The Germans were badly mistaken. The Soviet army of mid-1943 had evolved far from the Soviet army of 1941. They had learned from their mistakes, more than the Germans had learned about the Reds. The Kursk salient contained Soviet forces that were hardened and ready, strong and complete units that would be difficult to encircle and erase even under the best of circumstances. For the German army of 1943, Operation Citadel was far too ambitious to succeed. [PAR] The Soviet's plan was much more realistic and actionable. They anticipated the German lines of attack and prepared the battlefield with dense mine fields, trenches, and camouflaged gun positions. An enormous reserve force was assembled with plans to absorb the German attack and exhaust them, then counterattack with overwhelming force when the Germans were weakened and without reserves. [PAR] The Battle at Kursk Unfolds [PAR] The Germans massed tanks, guns and tens of thousands of troops on the front. From the north, the Wehrmacht's Ninth Army was poised to move from the south of Orel toward Olkhovatka. In the south, the Fourth Panzer Army would move from east of a line joining Kharkov and Belgorod toward Prokhorovka. At dawn on 5 July German guns opened up a huge bombardment, and masses of German tanks moved into the battle supported by Stuka fighters overhead. Soviet artillery, T-34 tanks and Katyusha rockets answered."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Ashdown \u2013 January 8, 871 | The American Legion's ... Battle of Ashdown \u2013 January 8, 871 | The American Legion's BurnPit [PAR] Battle of Ashdown \u2013 January 8, 871 [PAR] January 8th, 2010 by Siggurdsson [PAR] [PAR] Next story \u00bb [PAR] [PAR] Alfred the Great Defeats Vikings Only one king of England earned the sobriquet \u201cthe Great;\u201d that was Alfred, who ruled the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. He managed to preserve his southwestern English kingdom from Viking takeover, and was a great scholar, highly religious man and apparently a reluctant but competent warrior. He was the youngest of four brothers, all sons of King \u00c6thelwulf of Wessex. His father sent him to Rome when he was 4 years old, where even then his piety impressed Pope Leo IV. A year later, \u00c6thelwulf made a pilgrimage to Rome, giving lavish gifts of money and Anglo-Saxon objects to the clergy. Being the youngest son and with little apparent chance at the throne, many of the West Saxon nobility thought that Alfred would become a priest or monk. This perception was reinforced by the fact that Alfred was a somewhat delicate young man, suffering from some gastro-intestinal problem that caused him intermittent pain throughout his life (recently speculated to be Crohn\u2019s disease). Alfred virtually disappears from the historical records (mainly the well-known Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) until the year 866. In that year his biographer, Bishop Asser, records that Alfred was essentially made \u201cking in waiting\u201d by his brother King \u00c6thelred. For the next four years, Wessex is spared any major depredations by the raiding Vikings (or Norsemen, or Northmen, or Danes, or heathens, or whatever you wish to call them), who had been launching incessant raids throughout the whole of England, Scotland, Ireland and coastal areas of western Europe for nearly 75 years. It is speculated by modern historians that Alfred\u2019s brother paid protection money to keep the Vikings away, but the contemporary chronicles are silent on that matter. Other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England \u2013 Northumbria, Kent, East Anglia, Mercia -- were overrun by the \u201cGreat Heathen Army\u201d between 865 and 870. However, the end of the year 870 saw the first incursion of Danes into Wessex. A large force of Vikings (probably an offshoot of the Great Heathen Army) occupied the town of Reading in late December, using it as a base for further raids and possible conquest. It was a strong position, with the rivers Thames and Kennet protecting two sides, the sea another, and a great wooden rampart protecting the only land approach. Reading was also likely chosen because it was the site of a royal estate, guaranteeing that King \u00c6thelred would respond to the taking of his land. On December 31 of that year, the Danes sent out a raiding party, most likely mounted on stolen horses to increase their mobility. [It should be noted that this tactic of a winter campaign is highly unusual, as most pre-modern European warfare was confined to the late spring to very early autumn time frame, due to the weather, and to the difficulty in obtaining supplies.] It was met by local levies of Wessex at Englefield, where the Danes were driven back to their base at Reading. Five days later, King \u00c6thelred and Prince Alfred led the Wessex army in an assault on the Reading fortifications. Though nearly breaking through, the Anglo-Saxons were routed. Growing bold after their victory at Reading, on January 8 the Viking leaders, King Basecg and Halfdan Ragnarsson, led a body of men to take out the remnants of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prince Albert's death finally solved 150 years, he was ... Prince Albert's death finally solved 150 years, he was suffering Crohn's disease | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] His sudden death 150 years ago this week propelled his adoring wife, Queen Victoria, into life-long mourning. [PAR] And until now it had always been thought that Prince Albert\u2019s unexpected passing on December 14, 1861 - at the age of just 42 - had been caused by a virulent bout of typhoid fever. [PAR] Now an acclaimed historian, who has spent the last three years researching the death of the Prince Consort, believes he actually succumbed to a very modern affliction \u2013 Crohn\u2019s Disease. [PAR] Mystery solved: Historian Helen Rappaport who has uncovered details about the death of Prince Albert [PAR] Crohn\u2019s is a serious \u2013 and sometimes fatal - form of inflammatory bowel disease that today affects one in 500 people. [PAR] While the exact cause is unknown, the condition is linked to a problem with the body\u2019s immune system response. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] A person\u2019s genes and environmental factors seem to play a role in the development of Crohn\u2019s disease, but it usually occurs in people between ages 15 - 35. [PAR] Symptoms can come in waves and include debilitating and crampy abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, chronic diarrhoea, liver inflammation and weight loss. [PAR] So were the Royal Family simply mistaken about Albert\u2019s death or was there a cover up? [PAR] According to author Helen Rappaport - who has been given unrivalled access to contemporary records including both Albert and Victoria\u2019s private letters, the Royal Archives and records of the Royal Household \u2013 the Queen\u2019s husband had been chronically sick on and off all his adult life and suffered from long-standing gastric problems. [PAR] Deep bond: Queen Victoria was distraught after Prince Albert's death at the age of 42 [PAR] This was never verified by doctors after his death, however, as grieving Victoria refused to allow a post-mortem to be carried out on her beloved husband. [PAR] So Rappaport took her findings, contained in a detailed 14-page medical dossier, to the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford where Dr Chris Conlon, consultant in infectious diseases including typhoid, and Dr Simon Travis, consultant in gastroenterology, examined them in detail. [PAR] Having looked at the evidence, both doctors dismissed typhoid fever and cancer as possible causes of death and concluded the evidence for Crohn\u2019s looked very strong. [PAR] They pointed out that there are a number of similarities between the symptoms displayed by those suffering from typhoid fever and Crohn\u2019s disease, including fever and severe abdominal pain, which may have accounted for confusion at the time. [PAR] QUEEN VICTORIA'S GRIEF [PAR] Her grief over the loss of her husband, Prince Albert, came to define her entire reign. [PAR] The extent of Queen Victoria\u2019s despair has been laid bare in a previously unseen letter, in which she expresses the hope that she will go to an early grave. [PAR] The remarkably candid letter, which has been acquired by London auctioneers Argyll Etkin, is thought to be the first in the public domain in which the Queen yearns for her own death, so she can be reunited with her husband. [PAR] Victoria wrote the \u2018astonishing\u2019 letter in March 1863, some 15 months after Albert\u2019s death, to 82-year-old Viscount Gough. [PAR] The hospital will be holding a seminar into the issue entitled \u2018What Killed Prince Albert?\u201d\u2019 next month. [PAR] The author then went to a Crohn\u2019s specialist in Belgium, Philippe van Hootegem of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] House of Tudor House of Tudor | [PAR] Tudor Penny Post [PAR] From: TBD (Year) [PAR] The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a European royal house of Welsh and English origin, descended in the male line from the Tudors of Penmynydd. Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) from 1485 until 1603. [PAR] The first monarch, Henry VII, descended through his mother from a legitimized branch of the English royal House of Lancaster. The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the \u201cWars of the Roses\u201d, which left the House of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extinct. [PAR] In total, five Tudor monarchs ruled their domains for just over a Century: [PAR] Henry VII (before accession known as Henry Tudor, 28 January 1457 \u2013 21 April 1509), the first monarch of the House of Tudor, was King of England from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509. After a reign of nearly 24 years he was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. [PAR] Henry VIII (28 June 1491 \u2013 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry VIII of England was the only male-line male heir of Henry VII to live to the age of maturity. Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI. [PAR] Edward VI (12 October 1537 \u2013 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England\u2019s first monarch raised as a Protestant. Edward VI was followed by his half-sister, Mary I [PAR] Mary I (18 February 1516 \u2013 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. Her executions of Protestants led to the posthumous sobriquet \u201cBloody Mary\u201d. As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her half-brother. Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed after her death in 1558 by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. [PAR] Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 \u2013 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, the childless Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The House of Stuart came to power in 1603 when the Tudor line failed, as Elizabeth I died without a legitimate heir. [PAR] Tudor Penny Post \u2013 5 Sheets of 24 stamps each [PAR] 5 different sheets of 24 stamps each showing the five Tudor monarchs (Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I & Elizabeth I). [PAR] The sheets are known both perforate and imperforate. Below are the perforated sheets shown. All 5 sheets are signed. [PAR] The Henry VII sheet was printed by William Caxton at Westminster, London, and the 4 subsequent sheets were printed by Messrs Wynkyn de Worde at St Bride\u2019s, Fleet Street, London. [PAR] Each stamp was priced One penny or A groat for a row or A Florin for the sheet. A legend at each side of the sheets gives the instruction \u201cPlace ye label above ye addresse & towards ye ryghte of ye lettrre. Applye ye small mixture of cowe dunge & syrruppe to back of ye label and affyxe\u201d [PAR] Henry VII: [PAR] Gerald"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Napoleon Bonaparte - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Napoleon Bonaparte - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Napoleon\u2019s Education and Early Military Career [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. He was the second of eight surviving children born to Carlo Buonaparte (1746-1785), a lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (1750-1836). Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was not wealthy. The year before Napoleon\u2019s birth, France acquired Corsica from the city-state of Genoa, Italy. Napoleon later adopted a French spelling of his last name. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1799, during Napoleon\u2019s military campaign in Egypt, a French soldier named Pierre Francois Bouchard (1772-1832) discovered the Rosetta Stone. This artifact provided the key to cracking the code of Egyptian hieroglyphics, a written language that had been dead for almost 2,000 years. [PAR] As a boy, Napoleon attended school in mainland France, where he learned the French language, and went on to graduate from a French military academy in 1785. He then became a second lieutenant in an artillery regiment of the French army. The French Revolution began in 1789, and within three years revolutionaries had overthrown the monarchy and proclaimed a French republic. During the early years of the revolution, Napoleon was largely on leave from the military and home in Corsica, where he became affiliated with the Jacobins, a pro-democracy political group. In 1793, following a clash with the nationalist Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (1725-1807), the Bonaparte family fled their native island for mainland France, where Napoleon returned to military duty. [PAR] In France, Napoleon became associated with Augustin Robespierre (1763-1794), the brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), a Jacobin who was a key force behind the Reign of Terror (1793-1794), a period of violence against enemies of the revolution. During this time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the army. However, after Robespierre fell from power and was guillotined (along with Augustin) in July 1794, Napoleon was briefly put under house arrest for his ties to the brothers. [PAR] In 1795, Napoleon helped suppress a royalist insurrection against the revolutionary government in Paris and was promoted to major general. [PAR] Napoleon\u2019s Rise to Power [PAR] Since 1792, France\u2019s revolutionary government had been engaged in military conflicts with various European nations. In 1796, Napoleon commanded a French army that defeated the larger armies of Austria, one of his country\u2019s primary rivals, in a series of battles in Italy. In 1797, France and Austria signed the Treaty of Campo Formio, resulting in territorial gains for the French. [PAR] The following year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed France since 1795, offered to let Napoleon lead an invasion of England. Napoleon determined that France\u2019s naval forces were not yet ready to go up against the superior British Royal Navy. Instead, he proposed an invasion of Egypt in an effort to wipe out British trade routes with India. Napoleon\u2019s troops scored a victory against Egypt\u2019s military rulers, the Mamluks, at the Battle of the Pyramids in July 1798; soon, however, his forces were stranded after his naval fleet was nearly decimated by the British at the Battle of the Nile in August 1798. In early 1799, Napoleon\u2019s army launched an invasion of Ottoman-ruled Syria, which ended with the failed siege of Acre, located in modern-day Israel. That summer, with the political situation in France marked by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cunning Napoleon opted to abandon his army in Egypt and return to France. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u201cThe Desert Fox\u201d commits suicide - Oct 14, 1944 - HISTORY.com \u201cThe Desert Fox\u201d commits suicide - Oct 14, 1944 - HISTORY.com [PAR] \u201cThe Desert Fox\u201d commits suicide [PAR] Share this: [PAR] \u201cThe Desert Fox\u201d commits suicide [PAR] Author [PAR] \u201cThe Desert Fox\u201d commits suicide [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1944, German Gen. Erwin Rommel, nicknamed \u201cthe Desert Fox,\u201d is given the option of facing a public trial for treason, as a co-conspirator in the plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, or taking cyanide. He chooses the latter. [PAR] Rommel was born in 1891 in Wurttenberg, Germany, the son of a teacher. Although not descended from military men, the newly unified German empire made it fashionable to choose a military career, which young Rommel did, becoming an officer cadet. During World War I, he showed himself to be a natural leader with unnatural courage, fighting in France, Romania, and Italy. Following the war, he pursued a teaching career in German military academies, writing a textbook, Infantry Attacks, that was well regarded. [PAR] At the outbreak of World War II, Rommel was given command of the troops that guarded Hitler\u2019s headquarters, a disappointment for a man used to fighting on the front lines with the infantry. But in early 1940, he was given his chance to put to use his gifts, when he was given command of the 7th Panzer Division. Although a novice as far as mechanized forces were concerned, he soon mastered the advantages and proved his leadership abilities again in the German offensive against the French channel coast in May. [PAR] In early 1941, Rommel was given control of the troops sent to North Africa to aid Germany\u2019s ailing ally, Italy, in maintaining its position in Libya. It is here, in the deserts of North Africa, that Rommel earned his vaunted reputation, as well as his nickname (he became known for his \u201cfox-like\u201d sneak attacks). Winning significant victories against the British, whom he begrudgingly admired, Rommel nevertheless became weary of this theater of operations; he wanted to go back to Europe. It wasn\u2019t until a second battle to take el-Alamein in Egypt went against him that the \u201cinvincible\u201d general was finally called home back to Europe. [PAR] Hitler put Rommel back in northern France, to guard against an Allied invasion. Rommel\u2019s suggestions for the precautions necessary to repel an enemy invasion were not heeded, and he began to lose confidence in Hitler and Germany\u2019s ability to win the war. When Rommel was approached by friends to agree to head the German government in the event of Hitler\u2019s overthrow, he agreed-although there was no explicit talk of assassination, which he found abhorrent. [PAR] D-Day was launched, and Rommel\u2019s prediction of disaster for Germany\u2019s position played itself out. Still, Hitler would not consider negotiations with the Allies. Rommel ended up in the hospital after his car was attacked by British bombers and he was forced off the road. Meanwhile, details of the failed assassination plot had come to Hitler\u2019s attention, including Rommel\u2019s contact with the conspirators. As Rommel was convalescing in his home at Herrlingen, two generals visited and offered him his choice-trial or suicide. Rommel told his wife and son what had transpired, and that he had chosen to take the cyanide capsules the generals had provided. [PAR] The German government gave Rommel a state funeral. His death was attributed to war wounds. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] General Erwin Rommel - History Learning Site Erwin Rommel - History Learning Site [PAR] Erwin Rommel [PAR] Citation: C N Trueman \"Erwin Rommel\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rorke's Drift, 1879 - The highest number of Victoria ... Rorke's Drift, 1879 - The highest number of Victoria Crosses awarded in a single action [PAR] You have visited rorkesdriftvc.com [PAR] times. [PAR] This action was at Rorke's Drift, Wednesday 22- Thursday 23 January, 1879, when some 150 soldiers defended a supply station against some 4000 Zulus, aided by the Martini-Henry rifle 'with some guts behind it'. [PAR] Since the Victoria Cross was instigated by Queen Victoria in 1856, only 1358 have been awarded (the double awards for Arthur Martin-Leake , Charles Hazlitt Upham and Noel Godfrey Chavasse are included in the total). [PAR] UPDATE: RDVC.com supports the forces charity Help for Heroes - you can donate online here: more details : [PAR] At Rorke's Drift , eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded. Seven to the 2nd Battalion, 24th (2nd Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot, one to the Army Medical Department, one to the Royal Engineers, one to the Commissariat and Transport Department and one to the Natal Native Contingent. (click here to find out more...) [PAR] There may possibly have been more VC's awarded but the posthumous VC was only started in 1905, among the first recipients in 1907 were Lts Melvill and Coghill who were killed whilst saving the colours from Isandhlwana on the 22nd. of January. One other VC winner on the 22nd. of January was a Private Samuel Wassall from Birmingham. He rescued a comrade who was drowning in the Buffalo River during the retreat from Isandhlwana. He went on to live until he was 70. He is buried in The Barrow-in-Furness cemetery, section 3.B. plot 1952. There was another VC winner who died at Isandhlwana. He was Private William Griffiths, born in Ireland. He won his VC in 1867 at Little Andaman Island. His grave is unmarked on the battlefield at Isandhlwana. [PAR] The action at Rorke's Drift is well covered by the numerous publications and web sites which are devoted to the subject as well as the details of the lives of the VC recipients and their action in the defence. [PAR] These are well worth exploring for the information which they give, and there is an extensive list of links available. My only aim, as an amateur enthusiast, is to offer the chance to bring tangible reality to those who have an interest in the subject. To visit the graves of the VC recipients allows one to make some contact with the participants of this historic event. My interest with the individuals involved led me to visit the graves of all the VC winners of Rorke's Drift who are buried in this country, as well as the grave of Dalton in South Africa whilst on our visit to Rorke's Drift . You will also see that there are sections for other interesting aspects of the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, as it is very difficult to remain specialised! [PAR] My next project is to visit the grave of Bromhead in Allahabad, in India. One, (Cpl. Schiess NNC) , was buried at sea off the coast of Angola. [PAR] The links on the left form as accurate a guide as I can give to anyone who is interested in visiting the graves of the VC Defenders of Rorke's Drift, along with information about the events leading up to the \"immortal defence\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Agincourt - British History - HISTORY.com Battle of Agincourt - British History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Agincourt [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] On October 25, 1415, during the Hundred Years\u2019 War (1337-1453) between England and France, Henry V (1386-1422), the young king of England, led his forces to victory at the Battle of Agincourt in northern France. After further conquests in France, Henry V was recognized in 1420 as heir to the French throne and the regent of France. [PAR] Google [PAR] Battle of Agincourt: Background [PAR] Two months before the Battle of Agincourt began, King Henry V crossed the English Channel with some 11,000 men and laid siege to Harfleur in Normandy. After five weeks the town surrendered, but Henry lost half his men to disease and battle casualties. He decided to march his army northeast to Calais, where he would meet the English fleet and return to England. However, at Agincourt a vast French army of some 20,000 men stood in his path, greatly outnumbering the exhausted English archers, knights and men-at-arms. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The Battle of Agincourt served as the focal point of William Shakespeare\u2019s play \u201cHenry V.\u201d [PAR] Battle of Agincourt: October 25, 1415 [PAR] The battlefield lay on 1,000 yards of open ground between two woods, which prevented large-scale maneuvers and thus worked to Henry\u2019s advantage. On the morning of October 25, the battle commenced. The English stood their ground as French knights, weighed down by their heavy armor, began a slow advance across the muddy battlefield. The French were met by a furious bombardment of artillery from the English archers, who wielded innovative longbows with a range of 250 yards. French cavalrymen tried and failed to overwhelm the English positions, but the archers were protected by a line of pointed stakes. As more and more French knights made their way onto the crowded battlefield, their mobility decreased further, and some lacked even the room to raise their arms and strike a blow. At this point, Henry ordered his lightly equipped archers to rush forward with swords and axes, and the unencumbered Englishmen massacred the French. [PAR] Almost 6,000 Frenchmen lost their lives during the Battle of Agincourt, while English casualties stood around several hundred. Despite the odds against him, Henry had won one of the great victories in military history. [PAR] Battle of Agincourt: Aftermath [PAR] After further conquests in France, Henry V was recognized in 1420 as heir to the French throne and the regent of France. He was at the height of his powers but died just two years later of camp fever near Paris. [PAR] Tags[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Agincourt - britishbattles.com Battle of Agincourt [PAR] Battle of Agincourt [PAR] The English victory over the French king\u2019s army; [PAR] immortalized in Williams Shakespeare\u2019s play \u201cHenry V\u201d. [PAR] King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt on 25th October 1415 in the Hundred Years War: picture by Harry Payne [PAR] The previous battle of the Hundred Years War is the Battle of Poitiers [PAR] The next battle in the British Battles series is the Battle of Flodden [PAR] War: Hundred Years War. [PAR] Date of the Battle of Agincourt: 25th October 1415. [PAR] Place of the Battle of Agincourt: Northern France [PAR] Combatants at the Battle of Agincourt: An English and Welsh army against a French army. [PAR] Commanders at the Battle of Agincourt: King Henry V of England against the Constable of France, Charles d\u2019Albret, Comte de Dreux. [PAR] Size of the armies at the Battle of Agincourt: The English army landed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Trafalgar - Military Wiki - Wikia Battle of Trafalgar | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies , during the War of the Third Coalition (August\u2013December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803\u20131815). [PAR] The battle was the most decisive naval victory of the war. Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve off the southwest coast of Spain, just west of Cape Trafalgar. The Franco-Spanish fleet lost twenty-two ships, without a single British vessel being lost. [PAR] The British victory spectacularly confirmed the naval supremacy that Britain had established during the previous century and was achieved in part through Nelson's departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy , which involved engaging an enemy fleet in a single line of battle parallel to the enemy to facilitate signalling in battle and disengagement, and to maximise fields of fire and target areas. Nelson instead divided his smaller force into two columns directed perpendicularly against the larger enemy fleet, with decisive results. [PAR] Nelson was mortally wounded during the battle, becoming one of Britain's greatest war heroes. The commander of the joint French and Spanish forces, Admiral Villeneuve, was captured along with his ship Bucentaure . Spanish Admiral Federico Gravina escaped with the remnant of the fleet and succumbed months later to wounds sustained during the battle. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Main article: Trafalgar Campaign [PAR] In 1805, the First French Empire , under Napoleon Bonaparte , was the dominant military land power on the European continent, while the Royal Navy controlled the seas. During the course of the war, the British imposed a naval blockade on France, which affected trade and kept the French from fully mobilising their own naval resources. Despite several successful evasions of the blockade by the French navy, it failed to inflict a major defeat upon the British. They were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease. [PAR] When the Third Coalition declared war on France, after the short-lived Peace of Amiens , Napoleon was determined to invade Britain. To do so, he needed to ensure that the Royal Navy would be unable to disrupt the invasion flotilla , which would require control of the English Channel. [PAR] The main French fleets were at Brest in Brittany and at Toulon on the Mediterranean coast. Other ports on the French Atlantic coast harboured smaller squadrons . France and Spain were allied, so the Spanish fleet based in C\u00e1diz and Ferrol was also available. [PAR] The British possessed an experienced and well-trained corps of naval officers. [3] By contrast, most of the best officers in the French navy had either been executed or dismissed from the service during the early part of the French Revolution . As a result, Vice-Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve was the most competent senior officer available to command Napoleon's Mediterranean fleet. However, Villeneuve had shown a distinct lack of enthusiasm for facing Nelson and the Royal Navy after the French defeat at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. [PAR] Napoleon's naval plan in 1805 was for the French and Spanish fleets in the Mediterranean and C\u00e1diz to break through the blockade and join forces in the Caribbean. They would then return, assist the fleet in Brest to emerge from the blockade, and together clear the English Channel of Royal Navy ships,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] D-Day: The Invasion of Normandy - World War II History D-Day: The Invasion of Normandy - World War II History [PAR] Field Marshal Erwin Rommel [PAR] D-Day - A Second Front: [PAR] In 1942, Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt issued a statement that the western allies would work as quickly as possible to open a second front to relieve pressure on the Soviets. Though united in this goal, issues soon arose with the British who favored a thrust north from the Mediterranean, through Italy and into southern Germany. Against this, the Americans advocated a cross-Channel assault which would move through Western Europe along the shortest route to Germany. As American strength grew, they made it clear that this was the only approach they would support. [PAR] Codenamed Operation Overlord, planning for the invasion began in 1943. In November of that year, planning passed to General Dwight D. Eisenhower who was promoted to Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) and given command of all Allied forces in Europe. Moving forward, Eisenhower adopted a plan begun by the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC). The COSSAC plan called for landings by three divisions and two airborne brigades in Normandy. This area was chosen by COSSAC due to its proximity to England, which facilitated air support and transport, as well as its favorable geography. [PAR] D-Day - The Allied Plan: [PAR] Adopting the COSSAC plan, Eisenhower appointed General Sir Bernard Montgomery to command the invasion's ground forces. Expanding the COSSAC plan, Montgomery called for landing five divisions, preceded by three airborne divisions. These changes were approved and planning and training moved forward. In the final plan, the American 4th Infantry Division was to land at Utah Beach in the west, while the 1st and 29th Infantry Divisions landed to the east on Omaha Beach. These were separated by a headland known as Pointe du Hoc . Topped by German guns, capture of this position was tasked to the 2nd Ranger Battalion. [PAR] Separate and to the east of Omaha were Gold, Juno, and Sword Beaches which were assigned to the British 50th, Canadian 3rd, and British 3rd Infantry Divisions respectively. These units were supported by armored formations as well as commandoes. Inland, the British 6th Airborne Division was to drop to the east of the landing beaches to secure the flank and destroy several bridges to prevent the Germans from bringing up reinforcements. The US 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions were to drop to the west with the goal of opening routes from the beaches and destroying artillery that could fire on the landings ( Map ). [PAR] D-Day - The Atlantic Wall: [PAR] Confronting the Allies was the Atlantic Wall which consisted of a series of heavy fortifications. In late 1943, the German commander in France, Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, was reinforced and given noted commander Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. After touring the defenses, Rommel found them wanting and ordered that they be greatly expanded. Having assessed the situation, the Germans believed that the invasion would come at the Pas de Calais, the closest point between Britain and France. This belief was encouraged by an elaborate Allied deception scheme, Operation Fortitude, which suggested that Calais was the target. [PAR] D-Day - Moving Forward: [PAR] As the Allies required a full moon and a spring tide, possible dates for the invasion were limited. Eisenhower first planned to move forward on June 5, but was forced to delay due to poor weather and high seas. Faced with the possibility of recalling the invasion force to port,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RAF - Operation Chastise_new RAF - Operation Chastise_new [PAR] Operation Chastise [PAR] Attack on Ruhr Dams by aircraft of 617 Squadron on the night of 16-17 May 1943 [PAR] Concept: The Air Ministry originally considered the Ruhr dams as a possible target early as 1937. A number of proposals and studies were undertaken between 1938 and 1941, though none produced a proper plan with all the necessary components of a viable weapon and feasible means of delivery. [PAR] Command: Wing Commander Guy Gibson [PAR] The Squadron: A new squadron was formed at Scampton on 21st March 1943, initially known as \u201cX\u201d Squadron and latterly as 617 Squadron, and the 24 year old Wing Commander Guy Gibson was personally selected to lead it by none other than Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur \u201cBomber\u201d Harris, the Commander-in-Chief of Bomber Command. Gibson had flown 71 bomber sorties and an entire tour of 99 sorties on night fighters and was already the holder of four gallantry awards - the Distinguished Service Order and bar and the Distinguished Flying Cross and bar. [PAR] Despite the \u201celite\u201d tag and the presence of some very experienced airmen \u2013 e.g. the two flight commanders, Sqn Ldrs Dinghy\u2019 Young and \u2018Henry Maudslay, and experienced pilots such as Dave Shannon, \u2018Hoppy\u2019 Hopgood, Les Knight and Joe McCarthy - NOT all 617 Sqn air crew were veterans. Some had flown fewer than 10 missions and one less than 5 and some of the flight engineers on the raid were flying their first operational sortie. Not all had volunteered for 617, and not all were known to or selected by Gibson: one entire flight of 57 Squadron was simply posted en masse to 617 Squadron. [PAR] The Weapon: Codenamed \u201cUpkeep\u201d [PAR] The brainchild of Barnes Wallis of Vickers Armstrong, who had been working separately on some method of attacking dasince 1940 but probably did not conceive of the \u201cbouncing bomb\u201d idea until March 1942. He was given access and assistance by a variety of research bodies, including the National Physical Laboratories at Teddington, the Road Research Laboratory at Harmondsworth and the Building Research Station at Garston near Watford. Experiments which involved exploding charges against model dams at these sites, and the destruction of a real 180 foot disused dam in Wales, gave Wallis valuable data, but also showed that the task was far from easy and that any explosion preferably needed to take place in contact with the dam wall. He persisted with a series of experiments and meanwhile attempted to persuade the powers that be of the project\u2019s viability in the face of various bureaucratic hurdles and military scepticism. Nevertheless, prior to final approval on February 26th 1943 a full-scale weapon was, in the words of one noted historian, \u201cscarcely more than an inventor\u2019s dream\u201d. However, because the optimum time to attack the dams was in the spring, when the reservoirs were full, when approval did come it left very little time to design and produce the weapons themselves. On 26th February 1943 there were neither modified aircraft nor weapons, nor drawings of either. Wallis began to draw the first full-scale drawing of an Upkeep mine only on 27th February, just eleven weeks before the raid took place. [PAR] \u201cUpkeep \u201cwas effectively a 9250lb cylindrical mine or depth charge containing 6,600 lbs of Torpex underwater explosive and three hydrostatic pistols set to explode at 30ft below the surface. It was just under five feet long and just over four feet in diameter. The mine was held in the bomb-bay between twin sprung callipers, and a hydraulic motor imparted back"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Siege of Ladysmith - The Boer War - Britishbattles The Siege of Ladysmith - The Boer War [PAR] The Boer War [PAR] Date: 2nd November 1899 to 27th February 1900. [PAR] Place: Ladysmith in northern Natal in South Africa. [PAR] Combatants: British against the Boers. [PAR] Generals: Lieutenant General Sir George White against Generals Joubert and Botha. [PAR] Size of the armies: 5,500 British troops against a varying number of Boers. From the end of the year 1899 the garrison outnumbered the besieging Boers. [PAR] Uniforms, arms and equipment: The Boer War was a serious jolt for the British Army. At the outbreak of the war British tactics were appropriate for the use of single shot firearms, fired in volleys controlled by company and battalion officers; the troops fighting in close order. The need for tight formations had been emphasised time and again in colonial fighting. In the Zulu and Sudan Wars overwhelming enemy numbers armed principally with stabbing weapons were easily kept at a distance by such tactics; but, as at Isandlwana, would overrun a loosely formed force. These tactics had to be entirely rethought in battle against the Boers armed with modern weapons. [PAR] In the months before hostilities the Boer commandant general, General Joubert, bought 30,000 Mauser magazine rifles and a number of modern field guns and automatic weapons from the German armaments manufacturer Krupp and the French firm Creusot. The commandoes, without formal discipline, welded into a fighting force through a strong sense of community and dislike for the British. Field Cornets led burghers by personal influence not through any military code. The Boers did not adopt military formation in battle, instinctively fighting from whatever cover there might be. The preponderance were countrymen, running their farms from the back of a pony with a rifle in one hand. These rural Boers brought a life time of marksmanship to the war, an important edge, further exploited by Joubert\u2019s consignment of magazine rifles. Viljoen is said to have coined the aphorism \u201cThrough God and the Mauser\u201d. With strong fieldcraft skills and high mobility the Boers were natural mounted infantry. The urban burghers and foreign volunteers readily adopted the fighting methods of the rest of the army. [PAR] Other than in the regular uniformed Staats Artillery and police units, the Boers wore their every day civilian clothes on campaign. [PAR] After the first month the Boers lost their numerical superiority, spending the rest of the formal war on the defensive against British forces that regularly outnumbered them. [PAR] British tactics, little changed from the Crimea, used at Modder River, Magersfontein, Colenso and Spion Kop were incapable of winning battles against entrenched troops armed with modern magazine rifles. Every British commander made the same mistake; Buller; Methuen, Roberts and Kitchener. When General Kelly-Kenny attempted to winkle Cronje\u2019s commandoes out of their riverside entrenchments at Paardeburg using his artillery, Kitchener intervened and insisted on a battle of infantry assaults; with the same disastrous consequences as Colenso, Modder River, Magersfontein and Spion Kop. [PAR] Some of the most successful British troops were the non-regular regiments; the City Imperial Volunteers, the South Africans, Canadians, Australians and New Zealanders, who more easily broke from the habit of traditional European warfare, using their horses for transport rather than the charge, advancing by fire and manouevre in loose formations and making use of cover, rather than the formal advance into a storm of Mauser bullets. [PAR] Uniform: The British regiments made an uncertain change into khaki uniforms in the years preceding the Boer War, with the topee helmet as tropical headgear. Highland regiments"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mardy Fish | The Official Web Site Mardy Fish | The Official Web Site [PAR] BENEFITING: MARDY FISH FOUNDATION INC [PAR] EVENT DATE: Nov 01, 2015 [PAR] When former U.S. #1 Tennis Professional Mardy Fish picked up his first tennis racquet, his father Tom Fish was right by his side, using tennis as a means to show Mardy a way to accomplish great things. Now, as Mardy wraps up his career at this year\u2019s US Open in NYC, Tom will be with him, honoring his son\u2019s accomplishments, and setting the stage to accomplish even more important things in their future. And what better way to honor Mardy's accomplishments than to offer other children the opportunity to recognize their own potential to accomplish great things? [PAR] MFCF uses health and fitness programs to teach the same important lesson Tom taught Mardy all those years ago when Mardy picked up that first racquet \u2013 that every child has potential for greatness. Mardy and Tom are honored to celebrate their accomplishments by helping children discover the greatness in themselves. [PAR] You can help Tom honor Mardy by pledging your support to Tom\u2019s NYC Marathon run. In doing so, you help Mardy and Tom make important and lasting differences in the lives of others. Discover your own potential to be great by helping another child discover their own. Visit mffkids.org to learn more. No donation is too small. [PAR] Mardy wants to thank everyone for all their support and encouragement. It is greatly appreciated. [PAR] Great story of courage, Congratulations Fish. [PAR] Big respect for a huge talented player..... [PAR] All the best to you Mardy! You're a great guy and we've missed seeing you play on the tour. Kudos for all it has taken you to return and enjoy tennis and life in general again. [PAR] Great performance on your match after a long while, Mardy. Welcome back. Looking forward to your next tournament. [PAR] Thank you, Mardy Fish for being a much-needed role model for those people dealing with mental/anxiety disorders! Bravo to your comeback! [PAR] Nice, tough guy. No doubt. His personal win is more important than winning, say, 17 slams. [PAR] You are the hero. You set a GREAT model to my two children. Good luck and have fun on courts. [PAR] So very happy to see Mardy back on the court. He is by far my most favorite American tennis player. It was a joy to watch him. I wish him only the best for his life on and off the court. But hope it is on the court. [PAR] Congratulations Mardy on your journey back. [PAR] Wishing good health and many more matches to Mardy Fish! :) [PAR] The best for Mardy Fish after struggling so hard !! He is a great player and person! [PAR] Respect!"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Western Cape province, South Africa Western Cape province, South Africa [PAR] Western Cape province, South Africa [PAR] Western Cape province, South Africa [PAR] 19 Nov 2012 [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] If three pyramids are the symbol of Africa\u2019s far north, then a flat-topped mountain is the symbol of its far south. Cape Town nestles in the curve of Table Mountain at the start of the hook-shaped Cape Peninsula, which ends in the jagged cliffs of Cape Point. [PAR] The province is one of the country\u2019s most beautiful, attracting the lion\u2019s share of foreign tourists. It is a region of majestic mountains, colourful patchworks of farmland set in lovely valleys, long beaches and, further inland, the wide-open landscape of the semidesert Karoo. [PAR] Two oceans meet on the coast of the Western Cape: the cold Atlantic Ocean is in the west, while the warmer Indian Ocean lies on the southern coast. The plankton-rich cold Benguela current flows along the west coast and is considered to be one of the world\u2019s richest fishing grounds. [PAR] Western Cape: quick facts [PAR] Languages: 49.7% Afrikaans, 24.7% isiXhosa, 20.2% English [PAR] Population: 5 822 734 (2011) [PAR] Share of South Africa\u2019s population: 11.3% [PAR] Area: 129 462 square kilometres [PAR] Share of South Africa\u2019s total land area: 10.6% [PAR] The land and its people [PAR] With a total area of 129 462 square kilometres, the Western Cape is roughly the size of Greece. It\u2019s the country\u2019s fourth-largest province, only slightly smaller than the Free State, taking up 10.6% of South Africa\u2019s land area and with a population of 5.8-million people. [PAR] A potpourri of diverse cultural backgrounds gives the province a cosmopolitan flavour, creating a demographic profile quite different from the national pattern. Centuries of trade and immigration have created a population with genetic and linguistic links to different parts of Europe, southeast Asia, India and Africa. Afrikaans is spoken by the majority, with isiXhosa and English being the other main languages. [PAR] The Western Cape is topographically and climatically varied. It has a temperate southern coastline fringed with mountains; here the typical vegetation, especially in the western section, is the famed fynbos. To the north it stretches deep into the Karoo plateau, while the west coast is extremely dry. [PAR] The Mediterranean climate of the peninsula and the mountainous region beyond it is ideal for grape cultivation, with a number of vineyards producing excellent wines. Other fruit and vegetables are also grown here, and wheat is an important crop to the north and east of Cape Town. [PAR] The southern coastal area is also fertile, while fishing is the most important industry along the west coast. Sheep farming is the mainstay of the Karoo, and other forms of husbandry take place in the better watered parts of the province. [PAR] Visitors to the Western Cape can disembark at international airports in Cape Town and the city of George, or at the ports of Cape Town, Mossel Bay or Saldanha. [PAR] Saldanha, north of Cape Town, is South Africa\u2019s only natural harbour, and notable harbour for iron exports and the fishing industry. Other towns include Worcester and Stellenbosch in the heart of the winelands, George, a centre for indigenous timber and vegetable production, Oudtshoorn, known for its ostrich products and the world-famous Cango caves, and Beaufort West on the dry, sheep-farming plains of the Great Karoo. [PAR] Tourism [PAR] The Western Cape\u2019s unmatched natural beauty, famous hospitality, cultural diversity, excellent wine and rich cuisine make it one of the world\u2019s greatest tourist attractions. [PAR] Perched between the ocean and the mountain, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nemo | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Nemo | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 Marlin [PAR] Nemo is a very energetic young clownfish. He's very eager to go to school at the beginning of the movie, but lazy at the end. He is also quite friendly with anyone he meets. His father's overprotectiveness leads to him being frustrated most of the time. He leads him into being captured by fishermen. Adventuring and exploring are some of his likes. [PAR] He can also be very brave, as shown when he was willing to risk his life to jam the filter after hearing about all his father had done to come and save him and when he willingly entered a net that captured a school of fish to lead them to freedom. [PAR] His relationship with his father is what defines the film. Although Nemo loves his father, initially, he felt suffocated and confined by his father's overprotectiveness, which led him to tell Marlin \"I hate you.\" However, after being kidnapped by some scuba divers and placed in a fish tank, he felt sorry for what he did but did not believe his father would come to get him due to his paranoia and fear of danger. However, after learning of his father's bravery, he became braver and hopeful, wanting to quickly meet up with and reconcile with his father, which he managed to do at the end of the film. [PAR] He also demonstrated remarkable leadership, as shown when he led a school of fish to direct them to swim downward to break the net that captured them. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Finding Nemo [PAR] Nemo is a young clownfish who lives with his father, Marlin in a sea anemone. Before he hatched from his egg, Nemo's mother, Coral , and the other eggs were killed in an attack by a barracuda . Only Nemo's egg survived, albeit slightly cracked. As a result of the crack, one of Nemo's fins is smaller than the others, thus Marlin worries about him. One day, Nemo heads off to his first day of school. At one point, he boldly leaves the reef to go to a boat on the open ocean. Marlin, who is watching (and also alerted by the student Kathy ), orders Nemo to come back, when Nemo is suddenly taken by a diver to a fish tank in a dentist's office in Sydney, Australia. [PAR] In the tank, Nemo meets the Tank Gang, and their leader, Gill . The fish are horrified when they learn that Nemo, whom they have dubbed \"Sharkbait,\" is to be a gift for the dentist's niece, Darla . Darla has a past history as a \"fish-killer\" and so the Tank Gang decides to help Nemo avoid that fate. The initial plan to make the tank dirty fails when the dentist installs a new cleaner. While the plan is being carried out, however, Nemo learns from Nigel the pelican that his father is looking for him, which lifts the young fish's spirits. [PAR] When Darla arrives, Nemo is placed in a bag. Nemo is able to fool the dentist by playing dead, causing the dentist to flush Nemo into a drain. However, an observing Marlin believes that Nemo has really died and swims off. In the ocean, Nemo runs into Dory , who has earlier helped Marlin in his search for Nemo. Though Dory does not initially remember Marlin's goal, due to a short-term memory loss issue, she soon recalls it and leads Nemo to Marlin who is still brokenhearted."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WE ARE YES - Yesworld WE ARE YES - YES [PAR] WE ARE YES [PAR] WE ARE YES yesadmin 2016-11-30T16:16:48+00:00 [PAR] CURRENT LINE UP [PAR] YES [PAR] Pioneers of progressive rock, YES have achieved worldwide success with a history spanning 47 years and 21 studio albums. [PAR] The band\u2019s current line-up consists of singer Jon Davison, guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes and bassist Billy Sherwood. [PAR] YES alumni are Jon Anderson, Chris Squire, Rick Wakeman, Bill Bruford, Trevor Horn, Trevor Rabin, Tony Kaye, Peter Banks, Patrick Moraz, Benoit David, Oliver Wakeman, Igor Khoroshev and Tom Brislin. [PAR] The band is known for its expansive songs, esoteric lyrics, elaborate album art and live stage sets. [PAR] STEVE HOWE [PAR] Guitars [PAR] Born in 1947, Steve began teaching himself to play the guitar aged 12, and lists Bill Haley, Les Paul, Barney Kessel and Chet Atkins among his influences. Steve first joined YES in 1970, and has also been a member of The Syndicats, Bodast, Tomorrow, Asia and GTR. A prolific performer, Steve released his 19th solo album in 2010 and Anthology in 2015. [PAR] ALAN WHITE [PAR] Drums [PAR] Alan White was born in County Durham, England in 1949. With forty-plus years of performance experience and appearances on over fifty albums, Alan\u2019s dossier reads like a who\u2019s-who of rock legends, including John Lennon, George Harrison, Denny Laine and Ginger Baker. He joined YES in 1972 and has been with the band ever since. With his consummate professionalism and easy-going nature, Alan continues to be an inspiration to fellow musicians as well as fans. [PAR] GEOFF DOWNES [PAR] Keyboards [PAR] Geoff was born into a musical family in Stockport, England, where his father had been organist and choirmaster at a church. He graduated from Leeds School of Music in 1975, making him the first member of YES to graduate with a degree in music. He is also known for his work in The Buggles and Asia. [PAR] JON DAVISON [PAR] Vocals [PAR] Jon\u2019s earliest involvement with music began when he sang in a church youth choir led by his mother, who, from an early age, had instilled in him an appreciation for music and love for singing. Prior to joining YES, Jon studied audio and video production at the Art Institute of Seattle, and toured with Sky Cries Mary. He currently also sings in Tennessee band Glass Hammer. [PAR] BILLY SHERWOOD [PAR] Guitars, Vocals, Keys & Production [PAR] Billy Sherwood is a multi-instrumentalist, singer and record producer. He first worked with YES on 1991\u2019s Union album, subsequently joining as a full-time member 1997-2000, and again in 2015. He continues to work with a wide range of artists, names as varied as Nik Turner, Steve Stevens and William Shatner, as well as a long-running collaboration with former YES keyboardist Tony Kaye. [PAR] ALUMNI [PAR] JON ANDERSON [PAR] Vocals [PAR] Jon Anderson was born 1944 in Accrington, Lancashire, England and has been making music since 1962. He formed YES with Chris Squire in 1968 and was the band\u2019s lead singer through their classic years, leaving in 2008. He is also an accomplished solo artist and has collaborated with artists such as the Greek musician Vangelis, among others. He is currently playing in the Anderson Ponty Band with Jean-Luc Ponty. [PAR] CHRIS SQUIRE [PAR] Bass [PAR] Chris was born in London, England in March 1948. He began his musical career as a choirboy, which gave Chris an insight into vocal arrangements and techniques that were to be of influence throughout his career. His melodic style of playing bass guitar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fisher King (1991) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] An intriguingly original mix of fantasy, drama, and comedy concerning a brash radio host (Jeff Bridges) who feels responsible once one of his listeners goes off the edge and goes on a shooting spree. One of those affected by this tragedy, now a crazed homeless man (Robin Williams), crosses paths with the now haunted DJ, and the radio host feels this is his chance at redemption, even though his girlfriend (Mercedes Ruehl) is not supportive of it at first. Director Terry Gilliam is well known for being fairly whimsical and goofy with his material, and this film is no exception. It feels a tad unnecessary at times, but the script itself is so strong, and the performances are all so, so good, that this film remains likeable throughout its running time. It balances a lot of heavy material such as loneliness, madness, and depression very well, and New York City proves to be the perfect backdrop for a story such as this one. [PAR] Dan Schultz [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] With the death of Robin Williams, in review this film may be one of his performances that leave you heartbroken. Williams plays Parry, a homeless vagrant who is still reeling from the murder of his wife three years prior, via an insane mass shooter. Bridges is a shock jock whose thoughtless antics leads said mass shooter to do the deed. Playing on this achingly pathetic set-up, director Gilliam leads us by the hand through his mystical world, created by the bitterness of grief, the terror of self-actualization, and the wonder of change. Bridges and Williams both engender the sympathy of the audience with their human performances, symbiotic and yet complete opposites. The symbolism of the Red Knight is mythological but also telling of the psychological trauma induced by his wife's death. It is both the driving fear of the unknown and also the self-hatred that lends itself to Parry's psychosis. This symbol can be regarded as everyone's true fear, anyone's anxiety inducing parallel, and that not only is very touching when regarded as a metaphor for mental illness, but for those running from something in general. Very beautiful in execution, and always heartbreaking, no matter the context, Gilliam created a vivid world, and an even wilder set of characters for us to fall in love with. [PAR] Spencer S. [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] Leave it to Terry Gilliam to take a story about redemption and turn it into something quirky and off the wall. Jack Lucas is a radio shock jock whose rantings lead to a psychotic listener embarking on a mass shooting spree at a nightclub. Three years later, Jack is still detached , depressed, and suicidal. During a drunken attempt to end his life, Jack is saved by a crazed street person named Parry who styles himself as a medieval style night on the quest to claim the Holy Grail. When Jack discovers that he is inadvertently responsible for this man's nuttiness (the man's girlfriend was killed at the night club), he takes it upon himself to help him out and redeem himself. Like I said, leave it to Gilliam to bring you on a wild journey, one that, like a lot of his works, blurs the line between reality and fantasy. This actually might be Gilliam's most down to Earth film, but it's far from normal. Overall, I really liked it. It is overlong, sometimes incoherent, and maybe a bit too ambitious for its own good. However, the film is shot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BGN - Bulgarian Lev rates, news, and tools - XE.com BGN - Bulgarian Lev rates, news, and tools [PAR] BGN - Bulgarian Lev [PAR] Bulgaria, Lev [PAR] The Bulgarian Lev is the currency of Bulgaria. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Bulgaria Lev exchange rate is the BGN to GBP rate . The currency code for Leva is BGN, and the currency symbol is \u043b\u0432. Below, you'll find Bulgarian Lev rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take BGN rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Enfield - IMDb Harry Enfield - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Official Photos \u00bb [PAR] Harry Enfield was born on May 30, 1961 in Horsham, Sussex [now West Sussex], England. He is an actor and writer, known for Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000), Ruddy Hell! It's Harry and Paul (2007) and Churchill: The Hollywood Years (2004). He has been married to Lucy Lyster since February 1997. They have three children. See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Moneypenny - James Bond Characters Miss Moneypenny - James Bond Characters [PAR] Alive [PAR] Summary [PAR] While Miss Moneypenny isn't strictly a Bond girl , she is one of the most iconic characters within the James Bond series. Moneypenny works at MI6 as M's secretary, and throughout most of the films demonstrates an infatuation with James Bond. [PAR] The Many Faces of Miss Moneypenny [PAR] Moneypenny's first appearance in the James Bond universe is in the original book, Casino Royale. She has appeared throughout Ian Fleming's novels, although in a smaller role than in the movies, but the theme remains the same: Moneypenny is infatuated with Bond but never does anything to act upon her infatuation. [PAR] Many people have been credited for being Ian Fleming's inspiration for the Moneypenny character. In Fleming's first draft Moneypenny was originally named Miss \"Petty\" Pettaval, who was a secretary to real-world MI6 Director, Stewart Menzies. The name was later changed to be less obvious. The character has also been rumored to be based upon Vera Atkins who was a secretary to \"legendary spy master\" Maurice Buckman who was Fleming's inspiration for M, among others. [PAR] Throughout the films, upon Bond's arrival at M's office, he flirts with Miss Moneypenny. In the earlier movies these flirtatious moments included Bond kissing and caressing Moneypenny sensually, but in more recent films the flirtation is more lighthearted and marked by an exchange of witty banter and sexual innuendos. What doesn't change across most of the films is Moneypenny's devotion to Bond despite their relationship never being anything more than professional. [PAR] Because of their professional, but flirty relationship, Moneypenny is often considered an anchor that adds a bit of additional realism to the Bond films. [PAR] To date, Moneypenny has been portrayed by six actresses across twenty one Bond films. Fourteen times by Lois Maxwell, twice by Caroline Bliss, four times by Samantha Bond and once each by Barbara Bouchet, Pamela Salem and Naomie Harris. [PAR] Lois Maxwell [PAR] Lois Maxwell portrayed Miss Moneypenny more times than any actor portrayed Bond, appearing alongside Sean Connery, George Lazenby, and then Roger Moore. Maxwell appeared in fourteen Bond films between 1962 and 1985. [PAR] Terence Young, who directed the first Bond film (Dr. No) originally turned her down for the role based on his opinion that she \"looked like she smelled of soap.\" Maxwell fought to be cast for the role, as her husband was recovering from a heart attack at the time and she needed the money. Her role in the first film only paid \u00a3200 and Maxwell was required to provide her own clothes. [PAR] Maxwell was nearly recast in 1967 after appearing in a spy spoof film alongside Sean Connery's brother Neil (aptly titled Operation Kid Brother) and then again in 1971 after demanding a pay raise. She managed to hold on to the role for several years afterwards, though. She remained in the role of Miss Moneypenny until Roger Moore's final appearance as Bond in 1985's A View to Kill. [PAR] She continued using the name of her character for years after leaving the film series. Right up until 1994, Maxwell wrote a column about her on set experiences for a Canadian newspaper under the character's name. [PAR] Caroline Bliss [PAR] Appearing in two Bond films, The Living Daylights and License to Kill, Bliss portrayed the role of Miss Moneypenny alongside Timothy Dalton between 1987 and 1989. [PAR] Over 30 years younger than Lois Maxwell, Bliss was only 26 when cast for the role. The role was recast to bring in a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CHER LYRICS - Gypsies, Tramps And Thieves CHER LYRICS - Gypsies, Tramps And Thieves [PAR] \"Gypsies, Tramps And Thieves\" lyrics [PAR] CHER LYRICS [PAR] I was born in the wagon of a travellin' show [PAR] My mama used to dance for the money they'd throw [PAR] Papa would do whatever he could [PAR] Preach a little gospel, sell a couple bottles of [PAR] Doctor Good [PAR] We'd hear it from the people of the town [PAR] They'd call us Gypsys, tramps, and thieves [PAR] But every night all the men would come around [PAR] And lay their money down [PAR] Picked up a boy just south of [PAR] Mobile Gave him a ride, filled him with a hot meal I was sixteen, he was twenty-one [PAR] Rode with us to Memphis [PAR] And papa woulda shot him if he knew what he'd done [PAR] [CHORUS] [PAR] I never had schoolin' but he taught me well [PAR] With his smooth southern style [PAR] Three months later I'm a gal in trouble [PAR] And I haven't seen him for a while, uh-huh I haven't seen him for a while, uh-huh [PAR] She was born in the wagon of a travellin' show [PAR] Her mama had to dance for the money they'd throw [PAR] Grandpa'd do whatever he could [PAR] Preach a little gospel, sell a couple bottles of [PAR] Doctor Good[DOC] [TLE] Cher - Gypsies, Tramps & Thieves Lyrics | MetroLyrics Cher - Gypsies, Tramps & Thieves Lyrics | MetroLyrics [PAR] Gypsies, Tramps & Thieves Lyrics [PAR] New! Highlight lyrics to add Meanings, Special Memories, and Misheard Lyrics... [PAR] Submit Corrections Cancel [PAR] I was born in the wagon of a travelin' show [PAR] My mama used to dance for the money they'd throw [PAR] Papa would do whatever he could [PAR] Preach a little gospel, sell a couple bottles of Doctor good [PAR] Gypsy's, tramps, and thieves [PAR] We'd hear it from the people of the town [PAR] They'd call us gypsy's, tramps, and thieves [PAR] But every night all the men would come around [PAR] And lay their money down [PAR] Picked up a boy just south of Mobile [PAR] Gave him a ride, filled him with a hot meal [PAR] I was sixteen, he was twenty-one [PAR] Rode with us to Memphis [PAR] And papa woulda shot him if he knew what he'd done [PAR] Gypsy's, tramps, and thieves [PAR] We'd hear it from the people of the town [PAR] They'd call us gypsy's, tramps, and thieves [PAR] But every night all the men would come around [PAR] And lay their money down [PAR] I never had schoolin' but he taught me well [PAR] With his smooth southern style [PAR] Three months later I'm a gal in trouble [PAR] And I haven't seen him for a while, uh-huh [PAR] I haven't seen him for a while, uh-huh [PAR] She was born in the wagon of a travelin' show [PAR] Her mama had to dance for the money they'd throw [PAR] Grandpa'd do whatever he could [PAR] Preach a little gospel, sell a couple bottles of Doctor Good [PAR] Gypsy's, tramps, and thieves [PAR] We'd hear it from the people of the town [PAR] They'd call us gypsy's, tramps, and thieves [PAR] But every night all the men would come around [PAR] And lay their money down [PAR] Gypsy's, tramps, and thieves"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cashmere Shawls of Uncompromising Quality - Sunrise Pashmina Cashmere Shawls of Uncompromising Quality - Sunrise Pashmina [PAR] What's a shawl? [PAR] In recent decades, pashmina has become known internationally as a term applied to the wool, and products made from the wool, that is derived from the undercoat of the \"Cashmere goat,\" any of various breeds sometimes referred to as Capra hircus laniger (wool-bearing domestic goat). These breeds are raised primarily at high elevations in Central Asia, particularly Mongolia. Due to the ongoing war in Kashmir, and with the die-off of goat herds in Ladakh due to blizzards, China has been able to dominate pashmina production in past couple of decades. [PAR] There is a lot of misinformation (or disinformation) about pashmina online. This may be due to the lack of scientific research, and/or to the fact that most production is in out-of-the-way places that are never visited by the staff of pashmina shawl manufacturers or exporters. Claims made about the relative fineness of cashmere and pashmina are false. Claims made that pashmina (or, alternatively, the best pashmina) comes only from the throat and belly of the goat are also false. [PAR] Shahtoosh (Persian for \"King fabric\") is a term used for a fiber and fabric derived from the undercoat of an endangered Tibetan antelope, the chiru, and is illegal in most Western countries, but easily obtainable in India. It is much more expensive than pashmina. And did we mention that it is illegal? [PAR] 20 Myths about pashmina [PAR] Myth #1: Pashmina is different from, and better than, cashmere. [PAR] Briefly, pashmina is cashmere, which is the fiber or fabric woven from fiber deriving from the undercoat of certain high-elevation (and therefore long-haired) breeds of domestic goat. [PAR] Myth #2: Pashmina is produced only by a special goat known as Capra hircus. [PAR] Capra hircus is just the scientific name for domesticated goats in general. The caprids are those animals belonging to the goat and antelope genus. Wiktionary gives three meanings for hircus: 1) a buck, male goat; 2) (by extension) the rank smell of the armpits; 3) (figuratively) a filthy person. Cashmere goat breeds have been referred to as Capra hircus laniger (laniger means wool-bearing), but this is not an accepted scientific grouping. [PAR] Myth #3: Pashmina is produced only in the high Himalayas. [PAR] There are many goat breeds with fine undercoats, and they are raised in China, Mongolia, Australia, the United States, India (particularly Ladakh), and elsewhere. The huge preponderance of cashmere yarn fabric now comes from China. [PAR] Myth #4: Pashmina wool is plucked only from the undercoat of the throat and chest of the animal. [PAR] Just not true. The undercoat extends around the whole animal, more or less, and none of it is intentionally wasted. [PAR] Myth #5: Real pashmina is produced only in Kashmir. [PAR] Kashmir (in India) has prevailed in an epic trade dispute with the result that the word \"pashmina\" is considered to belong to Kashmiri cashmere producers. Nepal had to settle for \"chyangra pashmina,\" which means \"goat cashmere.\" Potato, potahto. [PAR] Myth #6: A fullsize pashmina is too big for a petite woman. [PAR] Pashmina shawls are customarily quite large. The usual fullsize is 95 X 203 cm (36\" x 80\"). But even Asian women, who are typically rather small, wear fullsize shawls quite comfortably; because of the light weight of the fabric, the shawls can easily be folded lengthwise and/or widthwise, so that the generous dimensions are never a liability. What we call \"medium-size\" is not much smaller: the same length, and only 20 cm (8\")"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zulu (1964) - IMDb Zulu (1964) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Outnumbered British soldiers do battle with Zulu warriors at Rorke's Drift. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2010 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 09 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Zulu \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A dramatization of the Battle of Isandlwana, where the British Army met its match against the Zulu nation. [PAR] Director: Douglas Hickox [PAR] Comic caper movie about a plan to steal a gold shipment from the streets of Turin by creating a traffic jam. [PAR] Director: Peter Collinson [PAR] Operation Market Garden, September 1944: The Allies attempt to capture several strategically important bridges in the Netherlands in the hope of breaking the German lines. However, mismanagement and poor planning result in its failure. [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] In 1940, the British Royal Air Force fights a desperate battle to prevent the Luftwaffe from gaining air superiority over the English Channel as a prelude to a possible Axis invasion of the UK. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] Facing the decline of everything he has worked to obtain, conqueror Napoleon Bonaparte and his army confront the British at the Battle of Waterloo. [PAR] Director: Sergey Bondarchuk [PAR] A British team is sent to cross occupied Greek territory and destroy the massive German gun emplacement that commands a key sea channel. [PAR] Director: J. Lee Thompson [PAR] Directors: Ken Annakin, Andrew Marton, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, Robert Ryan, Richard Burton [PAR] Policemen Ali Sokhela and Brian Epkeen investigate the brutal murder of a young white woman, apparently provoked by the availability of a new illegal drug and somehow connected to the disappearance of black street children. [PAR] Director: J\u00e9r\u00f4me Salle [PAR] Allied agents stage a daring raid on a castle where the Nazis are holding an American General prisoner... but that's not all that's really going on. [PAR] Director: Brian G. Hutton [PAR] Two British soldiers in India decide to resign from the Army and set themselves up as deities in Kafiristan--a land where no white man has set foot since Alexander. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] When his brother dies under mysterious circumstances in a car accident, London gangster Jack Carter travels to Newcastle to investigate. [PAR] Director: Mike Hodges [PAR] A German plot to kidnap Winston Churchill unfolds at the height of World War II. [PAR] Director: John Sturges [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Two Lieutenants, Chard of Engineers and Bromhead find that their 140"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History and Women: The Love Story of Romeo and Juliet History and Women: The Love Story of Romeo and Juliet [PAR] Friday, January 21, 2011 [PAR] The Love Story of Romeo and Juliet [PAR] Romeo and Juliet is an enduring tragic love story written by William Shakespeare about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. Shakespeare borrowed his plot from an original Italian tale. It is believed Romeo and Juliette were based on actual characters from Verona. [PAR] The Montague and Capulet families are feuding. The Prince of Verona intervenes and declares that any further fighting will be punishable by death. [PAR] When the Count of Paris approaches Lord Capulet about marrying his daughter, Juliet, he is wary of the request because she is only thirteen. Capulet asks the Count of Paris to wait another two years and invites him to attend a ball. Lady Capulet and Juliet's nurse urge Juliet to accept Paris' courtship. [PAR] In the Montague house, Benvolio talks with his cousin Romeo , Lord Montague's son, about Romeo's recent melancholy. Benvolio discovers Romeo's unrequited infatuation for a girl named Rosaline, a niece of Lord Capulet's nieces. Persuaded by Benvolio Romeo attends the ball at the Capulet house in hopes of meeting Rosaline. But it is not Rosaline who sweeps him off his feet - it is the fair Juliette. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] After the ball, Romeo sneaks into the Capulet courtyard and overhears Juliet on her balcony vowing her love to him in spite of her family's hatred for his family. Romeo makes himself known to her and they agree to be married. [PAR] [PAR] Juliet's Balcony in Verona [PAR] With the help of a friar, who hopes to reconcile the two families through their children's union, they are secretly married the next day. [PAR] Juliet's cousin Tybalt, incensed that Romeo had crashed the Capulet ball, challenges him to a duel. Romeo, now considering Tybalt his kinsman, refuses to fight. Romeo's friend, Mercutio is offended by Tybalt's insolence, as well as Romeo's \"vile submission\" and accepts the duel on Romeo's behalf. Mercutio is fatally wounded when Romeo attempts to break up the fight. Grief-stricken and wracked with guilt, Romeo confronts and slays Tybalt. [PAR] Montague argues that Romeo has justly fought and killed Tybalt for the murder of Mercutio. The Prince exiles Romeo from Verona and declares that if Romeo returns, he will be executed. [PAR] Romeo secretly spends the night in Juliet's chamber, where they make love for the first and last time, consummating their marriage. In the morning, he prepares to leave and kisses her one last time. [PAR] [PAR] Lord Capulet, misinterpreting Juliet's grief, agrees to marry her to Count Paris and threatens to disown her when she refuses. Juliette pleads for the marriage to be delayed, but her mother rejects her. [PAR] Juliet visits Friar Laurence for help, and he offers her a drug that will put her into a death-like coma for forty-two hours. The Friar promises to send a messenger to inform Romeo of the plan, so that he can rejoin her when she awakens. On the night before her wedding to the Count, Juliet takes the drug and, when discovered apparently dead, she is laid in the family crypt. [PAR] The messenger, however, failed to reach Romeo and, instead, he learned of Juliet's apparent demise from his servant. Heartbroken, Romeo buys poison from an apothecary and goes to the Capulet crypt. There, he encounters Count Paris who has come to mourn Juliet privately. [PAR] Believing Romeo to be a vandal, Paris confronts him"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Language in Canada - Canada Travel and Vacations Guide Canada is Bilingual but What Does this Really Mean? [PAR] Canada's Provinces & Territories | Quebec Travel [PAR] Overview [PAR] Despite being an officially bilingual country, the most prominent language used in Canada is English. Just under a quarter of the country's population speaks French - most of whom live in Quebec . Aside from English and French, several other languages, including Chinese, Punjabi, Arabic and Aboriginal languages are the mother tongues of Canadians. [PAR] Bottom Line for Visitors [PAR] Unless you are travelling to less touristy and more remote parts of Quebec, understanding only English is good enough to navigate around Canada. Of course, if you are visiting Quebec, especially outside Montreal, knowing some key French travel phrases is helpful, not to mention courteous. [PAR] Canadian Bilingualism in Depth [PAR] Canada - as a country - has two official languages: English and French. This means that all federal services, policies and laws must be enacted and available in both French and English. Some common examples of Canadian bilingualism that visitors encounter are road signs, TV and radio, product packaging, and bus and tour groups. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Tipping Etiquette Around the World [PAR] However, the status of English and French as Canada's official languages does not mean that both languages are widely spoken across the country or that every Canadian is bilingual. Canadian bilingualism is more official designation than everyday reality. The fact is that most Canadians speak English. [PAR] First of all, each of Canada's 10 provinces and three territories adopts its own official language policy. Only Quebec recognizes French as its sole official language and is the only place in Canada where this is the case. New Brunswick is the only bilingual province, recognizing both English and French as official languages. Other provinces and territories conduct affairs mostly in English but may also recognize or offer governmental services in French as well as Aboriginal languages. [PAR] In Quebec, English is widely spoken in its largest city, Montreal , and other major tourist destinations. Non-French-speaking visitors to Quebec can also easily get by in Quebec City; however, once you get off the beaten track, French tends to be the language spoken, so study up or get a phrase book. [PAR] Looking at Canada as a whole, about 22% of Canadians use French as their first language (Statistics Canada, 2006). The majority of the country's French-speaking population lives in Quebec, but other high concentrations of French speakers live in New Brunswick, northern Ontario and Manitoba. [PAR] The mother tongue of about 60% of Canada's population is English (Statistics Canada, 2006). [PAR] French is not required learning at school outside of Quebec. However French immersion is a popular choice of education - mostly in central and eastern Canada - where elementary students who are enrolled in French immersion schools use French at school either partially or exclusively. [PAR] French/English Language Conflict [PAR] The French and English were two of the earliest cultures to arrive in Canada and often went to battle over land. Finally, in the 1700's, with fewer French coming to Canada and in the aftermath of the Seven Year' War , the British gained full control of Canada. Though the new British - and of course, English-speaking - rulers vowed to protect much of the property, religious, political, and social culture of the French, an underlying conflict continues to this day. For example Francophones in Quebec have launched several initiatives to protect their rights, including holding two provincial referendums in which Quebeckers voted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Behind the Name: User Comments for the name Nevaeh Behind the Name: User Comments for the name Nevaeh [PAR] -- cutemom 6/10/2005 [PAR] Some people like to assign meanings to Nevaeh, like \"heaven-sent\" or \"butterfly.\" However, parents considering naming their daughters Nevaeh should be advised that these meanings are completely fictional. Nevaeh has no meaning apart from \"Heaven spelled backwards.\" Period. [PAR] -- Cera 6/27/2005 [PAR] I agree that Nevaeh doesn't truly mean anything, aside from \"Heaven spelled backwards.\" I do not see the need to make up names - there are already many beautiful, real names to choose from. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 7/9/2005 [PAR] I don't think it matters if the name doesn't have \"meaning.\" When you name your baby, he/she gives new meaning to the name anyway. [PAR] -- tjs 8/19/2005 [PAR] Nevaeh is the stupidest name I have ever come across. Why would you name your baby girl this? She would probably legally change it to Neva or something. How is it even pronounced? [PAR] -- Anonymous User 8/22/2005 [PAR] My daughter's name is Nevaeh. I have read many many many meanings for it, be them fictional or whatever. She is gorgeous and truly a blessing from heaven. We usually call her Vay, but not always. :-) Her father and I both have very everyday names, and we wanted her to have something special. :-) [PAR] I really detest this name, I just can't help it. I detest it because: [PAR] 1. No one knows how to pronounce it. It's na-VAY, ne-VYE, NEE-veh, ni-VAY-uh, etc. [PAR] 2. It looks so ugly [PAR] 3. People make up meanings for it, like \"snowy\", \"butterfly\", \"heaven sent\", etc. It's heaven backwards, nothing else. [PAR] 4. Some people don't even spell it Nevaeh, they spell it Neveah or Naveah. What's that backwards, Haeven and Haevan!? [PAR] 5. People try to convince people they are not trendy by saying: \"Oh, we thought of it LOONG before it was popular!\" Yeah, right. [PAR] -- Anonymous User 10/4/2005 [PAR] I don't care what you people think. This is a beautiful name. I could care less about its meaning. [PAR] Horrid. Just plain horrid. Means hell. A fine name... FOR A PORN STAR! [PAR] -- Anonymous User 10/19/2005 [PAR] Actually, I think Nevaeh is a very beautiful name. The pronunciation is extremely obvious, although I have never met a Nevaeh. Nor do I watch porn so I would not worry about what porn watchers think of the name. I mean really, a name is what your personality makes it. No one else's business. It looks like some people need to find a better cause to get all worked up about. [PAR] -- jdream79 10/21/2005 [PAR] Though I don't personally care for Nevaeh, I do agree that the hostility it arouses is a bit over the top. It is not the first time a name has been created by back-spelling a word. The pronunciation seems to be settling into \"neh-VAY-uh\" as the standard, and personally I think that sound is just fine for a name. The spelling is awkward, and many people do have the feeling that spelling a word backwards should also reverse the meaning, but there is no law that says that must be so, so there's no reason to deny the parents who have given their daughters this name the meaning of \"heaven\"; that's obviously what they intend it to mean. As for the porn star connection, there is only one porn star listed as Nevaeh on the Internet Movie Data Base, and she usually is credited with the alternate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NARCISSUS (Narkissos) - Thespian Youth of Greek Mythology NARCISSUS (Narkissos) - Thespian Youth of Greek Mythology [PAR] Narcissus, Greco-Roman fresco from Pompeii C1st B.C., Naples National Archaeological Museum [PAR] NARKISSOS (Narcissus) was a youth of the town of Thespiai (Thespiae) in Boiotia, a son of the river-god Kephisos (Cephisus) and the fountain-nymph Liriope. He was celebrated for his beauty and attracted many admirers but, in his arrogance, spurned them all. The suffering of two of these, however, would bring down a curse upon him. [PAR] The nymphe Ekho (Echo) --a girl cursed by Hera to repeat only the last words of what was said before--was rejected by the boy and fading away in despair left behind nothing but an echoing voice. [PAR] The other admirer was the youth Ameinias who became distraught when Narkissos cruelly spurned him. He killed himself before his beloved's door, calling on the goddess Nemesis to avenge him. His prayer was answered when Narkissos fell in love with his own reflection in a pool. Gazing endlessly at the image, he slowly pined away and was transformed by the nymphs into a narcissus flower. Others say he was instead filled with remorse and killed himself beside the pool--and from his dying life's blood the flower was born. [PAR] Narkissos' name was the ancient Greek word for the narcissus or daffodil flower. The boy's mother Leiriope was named after another species of daffodil--the leirion--and his spurned love Ameinias for the ameinasis. According to Hesychius s.v., ameinasis was another name for the sweet-smelling herb duosmon--either dill, anise or cummin. Presumably these two were also transformed into their namesake plants. Such a group of sympathetic metamorphoses is not uncommon in Greek myth. [PAR] FAMILY OF NARCISSUS [PAR] [1.1] KEPHISOS & LIRIOPE (Ovid Metamorphoses 3.340) [PAR] [1.2] KEPHISOS (Hyginus Fabulae 271, Statius Thebaid 7.340, Claudian Proserpine 2.130) [PAR] [2.1] ENDYMION & SELENE (Nonnus Dionysiaca 48.582) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] NARCISSUS (Narkissos), a son of Cephissus and the nymph Liriope of Thespiae. He was a very handsome youth, but wholly inaccessible to the feeling of love. The nymph Echo, who loved him, but in vain, died away with grief. One of his rejected lovers, however, prayed to Nemesis to punish him for his unfeeling heart. Nemesis accordingly caused Narcissus to see his own face reflected in a well, and to fall in love with his own image. As this shadow was unapproachable Narcissus gradually perished with love, and his corpse was metamorphosed into the flower called after him narcissus. This beautiful story is related at length by Ovid (Met. iii. 341, &c.). According to some traditions, Narcissus sent a sword to one of his lovers, Ameinias, who killed himself with it at the very door of Narcissus' house, and called upon the gods to avenge his death. Narcissus, tormented by love of himself and by repentance, put an end to his life, and from his blood there sprang up the flower narcissus (Conon, Narrat. 24). Other accounts again state that Narcissus melted away into the well in which he had beheld his own image (Paus. ix. 31. \u00a7 6); or that he had a beloved twin sister perfectly like him, who died, whereupon he looked at his own image reflected in a well, to satify his longing after his sister. Eustathius (ad Hom. p. 266) says that Narcissus was drowned in the well. [PAR] Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. [PAR] CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES [PAR] Echo, Narcissus and Anteros, Greco-Roman mosaic from Daphne C3rd A.D., Hatay Archaeology Museum [PAR] Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 31. 7 - 9"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roentgen's discovery of the x-ray - THE BRITISH LIBRARY Roentgen's discovery of the x-ray [PAR] Roentgen's discovery of the x-ray [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] Find more x-rays in the X-ray gallery . [PAR] Try to imagine how different life would be without modern medical technology. In 1895, the invention of the x-ray created an amazing step forward in the history of medicine. For the first time ever, the inner workings of the body could be made visible without having to cut into the flesh. [PAR] [PAR] Wilhelm Roentgen, Professor of Physics in Worzburg, Bavaria, was the first person to discover the possibility of using electromagnetic radiation to create what we now know as the x-ray. The image below is the first x-ray Roentgen ever created. It is an image of his wife's hand - you can see her wedding ring. [PAR] [PAR] Roentgen was exploring the path of electrical rays passing from an induction coil through a partially evacuated glass tube. Although the tube was covered in black paper and the room was completely dark, he noticed that a screen covered in fluorescent material was illuminated by the rays. He later realised that a number of objects could be penetrated by these rays, and that the projected image of his own hand showed a contrast between the opaque bones and the translucent flesh. He later used a photographic plate instead of a screen, and an image was captured. In this way an extraordinary discovery had been made: that the internal structures of the body could be made visible without the necessity of surgery. [PAR] [PAR] By 1896 an x-ray department had been set up at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, one of the first radiology departments in the world. The head of the department, Dr John Macintyre, produced a number of remarkable x-rays: the first x-ray of a kidney stone; an x-ray showing a penny in the throat of a child, and an image of a frog's legs in motion. In the same year Dr Hall-Edwards became one of the first people to use an x-ray to make a diagnosis - he discovered a needle embedded in a woman's hand. In the first twenty years following Roentgen's discovery, x-rays were used to treat soldiers fighting in the Boer war and those fighting in WWI, finding bone fractures and imbedded bullets. Much excitement surrounded the new technology, and x-ray machines started to appear as a wondrous curiosity in theatrical shows. [PAR] [PAR] It was eventually recognised that frequent exposure to x-rays could be harmful, and today special measures are taken to protect the patient and doctor. By the early 1900s the damaging qualities of x-rays were shown to be very powerful in fighting cancers and skin diseases.[DOC] [TLE] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen - Biographical Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen - Biographical [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen - Biographical [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen was born on March 27, 1845, at Lennep in the Lower Rhine Province of Germany, as the only child of a merchant in, and manufacturer of, cloth. His mother was Charlotte Constanze Frowein of Amsterdam, a member of an old Lennep family which had settled in Amsterdam. [PAR] When he was three years old, his family moved to Apeldoorn in The Netherlands, where he went to the Institute of Martinus Herman van Doorn, a boarding school. He did not show any special aptitude, but showed a love of nature and was fond of roaming in the open country and forests. He was especially apt at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Birthdays on 14th November | OnThisDay.com November 14 - Famous Birthdays - On This Day [PAR] On This Day [PAR] Famous Birthdays on November 14 [PAR] Full Calendar [PAR] Birthdays 1 - 200 of 234 [PAR] 1511 Janus Secundus, neo latin poet (Basia) [PAR] 1567 Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (d. 1625) [PAR] 1601 Jean Eudes, French missionary (d. 1680) [PAR] 1650 Willem III Henry, [Dutch William], king of England (1689-1702) [PAR] 1663 Friederich Wilhelm Zachow, composer [PAR] 1679 Omobono Stradivari, Italian violin maker/son of Antonius [PAR] 1719 Johann Georg Leopold Mozart, composer [PAR] 1740 Johann van Beethoven, Ludwig van Beethoven's father and first teacher (d. 1792) [PAR] 1746 Giulio Gabrielli the Younger, Italian Cardinal [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] 1765 Robert Fulton , American inventor and engineer (1st commercial steamboat), born in Little Britain, Pennsylvania (d. 1815) [PAR] Commercial Steamboat Inventor [PAR] 1771 Marie Fran\u00e7ois Xavier bichat , anatomist and physiologist (tissue theory), born in Paris, France (d. 1802) [PAR] Anatomist and Physiologist [PAR] 1774 Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini, composer [PAR] 1776 Henri Dutrochet, discovered & named process of osmosis [PAR] 1778 Johann Nepomuk Hummel, composer [PAR] 1779 Adam Gottlob Oehlenschl\u00e4ger, Danish poet (d. 1850) [PAR] 1796 Carlo Conti, Italian composer, born in Arpino (d. 1868) [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] 1797 Charles Lyell , Scottish geologist (Principles of Geology), born in Kinnordy, Angus, Scotland (d. 1875) [PAR] Geologist [PAR] 1800 Heinrich Ludwig Egmont Dorn, composer [PAR] 1802 August F Pott, German philologist (Etymology Forschungen) [PAR] 1803 Jacob Abbott, American writer (d. 1879) [PAR] 1805 Fanny Cacilia Mendelssohn Hensel, composer [PAR] 1812 Maria Christina of Savoy, queen of the Two Sicilies (d. 1836) [PAR] 1814 Michael Kelly Lawler, Bvt Mjr General (Union volunteers), dies in 1882 [PAR] 1816 John Curwen, English Congregationalist minister and founder of Tonic sol-fa music system, born in Heckmondwike, Yorkshire (d. 1880) [PAR] 1822 William Harrow, Brigadier General (Union volunteers), (d. 1872) [PAR] 1823 Robert J Fruin, historian (80 year war) [PAR] 1825 August Reissmann, composer [PAR] 1827 Isaac Wistar, Brigadier General (Union volunteers), (d. 1905) [PAR] 1828 James Birdseye MacPherson, Mjr Gen (Union volunteers), (d. 1864) [PAR] 1829 Giulio Roberti, composer [PAR] 1833 Antonius von der Linde, Neth/German librarian/chess player [PAR] 1838 August Senoa, Croatian author (Zlatarevo zlato) [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] 1840 Claude Monet , impressionist (Water Lilies), born in Paris, France (d. 1926) [PAR] Impressionist Painter [PAR] 1842 Walter Williams, claimed to be last survivor of Civil War (d 1959) [PAR] 1845 Allen Hill, cricketer (took the 1st wicket in Test cricket) [PAR] 1845 Johann Ernst Perabo, composer [PAR] 1861 Frederick Jackson Turner, Wisc, historian/educator (Harvard U) [PAR] 1863 Leo H A Baekeland, Belgian/US chemist (bakelite) [PAR] 1875 Jakob Schaffner, Swiss writer: Conrad Pilater [PAR] 1875 Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (d. 1899) [PAR] 1877 Ren\u00e9 de Clerq, Flemish poet/author (Emergency Horn) [PAR] 1878 Leopold Staff, Polish poet (d. 1957) [PAR] 1878 Julie Manet, French painter, daughter of Berthe Morisot (d. 1966) [PAR] 1879 Geoffrey Turton Shaw, composer [PAR] 1880 Eugene O'Brien, Boulder OH, actor (Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm) [PAR] 1883 Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek premier (1945, 50, 51-52) [PAR] 1885 Sonia Delaunay, Russian born French artist [PAR] 1887 Bernhard Paumgartner, Austria, musicologist/conductor/composer [PAR] 1887 Louis A van Gasteren, Dutch actor/director (Willem van Oranje) [PAR] 1889 Jawaharlal Nehru, 1st Indian PM (1947-64) [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] 1891 Frederick Banting , Canadian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, born in Alliston, Ontario (d. 1941) [PAR] Physician [PAR] 1892 James Meredith, 800m runner (Olympic-gold-1912) [PAR] 1893 Carlo E Gadda, Italian engineer/writer (Madonna dei filosofi) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greater Than God - Riddles and Brain Teasers Greater Than God [PAR] Greater Than God [PAR] 74 Comments on \"Greater Than God\" [PAR] cody says [PAR] the fruit that is in the bible [PAR] Toby says [PAR] \u201cNOTHING\u201d cause nothing is greater than GOD & evil than the devil. [PAR] MrX says [PAR] Nothing is greater than Creator but Hell is more evil than the devil [PAR] Hell is different Creature than devil [PAR] marshall maria says [PAR] nothing is greater then god because he doesnt exist [PAR] miriah says [PAR] It was nuthing. at first i was confused but then i got nice riddle whoever made that up it was cool. [PAR] Josef Exline says [PAR] February 25, 2015 @ 13:22 [PAR] Actually there are things better than God, and that is all of you because I haven\u2019t seen any of you kill million of people just because they disagree with you. By the way the amount of people God has killed is very high compared to Hitler and Stalin, so take that on Religion. [PAR] Parker says [PAR] March 10, 2015 @ 21:36 [PAR] Ok Josef, but I don\u2019t think Hitler and Stalin were doing it for just reasons. I also don\u2019t think Hitler and Stalin are kind, forgiving, merciful, powerful, Holy, King of all people, Creator, and the One true God. Our Lord has His reasons, and we may not know the exact reasoning, all I know is that He\u2019s NEVER wrong. So take that on you [PAR] Raul says [PAR] The reason is the sin never goes unpunished.. [PAR] SUNSHINE says [PAR] THIS IS A CONFUSION \u201cMESSAGE\u201d , AND THOSE WHO ACTUALLY KNOW WHAT IT IS WILL NOT TELL YOU \u2026 THOUGH I WILL TELL YOU HOW TO FIGURE THIS OUT WITH COMMON SENSE \u2026 [PAR] THE ANSWER IS NOT \u201cNOTHING\u2019 [PAR] THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS \u201cNOTHING\u201d, NOTHING DOESN\u2019T EXIST! [PAR] WHAT is GREATER than God and MORE EVIL than the DEVIL The POOR HAVE IT, THE RICH NEED IT and if you EAT it you\u2019ll DIE. [PAR] What is IT? [PAR] Because nothing is greater than a god, [PAR] nothing is evil than the devil, [PAR] poor has nothing, [PAR] if you eat nothing you\u2019ll die. [PAR] You just erase it and change to nothing that\u2019s it. [PAR] james says [PAR] wow everyone bible-thumps but they are not more right than the next [PAR] Tab says [PAR] June 3, 2015 @ 10:59 [PAR] Just reasons? Lmao!!!!!!!! [PAR] Christianity\u2019s killings weren\u2019t always for just reasons. Actually most of the time they were not. Most of the time it was for GREED. [PAR] Howard says [PAR] June 5, 2015 @ 18:31 [PAR] @ Tab [PAR] I don\u2019t mind the answer to this riddle. Nor do I particularly have anything against most of the other people\u2019s POV. In my opinion it is quite alright for others to have a differing opinion. We are all different after all. However, I must say to blatantly and quite ignorantly say offense to another person\u2019s (and in your case another faction\u2019s) opinion without any evidence to back you up, I cannot help but pity you. [PAR] Now don\u2019t get me wrong here however. I by no means come here to offend, or revoke your opinion. But would rather have a more logical answer; something much better than a single word written in capital letters if you could. [PAR] To begin with, what is greed? What weighs the scale of justice and injustice? What is evil, and what is common sense? Where is the end, and where is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What can you catch but not throw? | Reference.com What can you catch but not throw? | Reference.com [PAR] What can you catch but not throw? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The answer to the riddle \"what can you catch but not throw\" is \"a cold.\" The riddle is a play on colloquial verbiage when someone \"catches a cold,\" meaning someone is infected with a rhinovirus that affects the sinus, nasal and breathing pathways in a human being. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In the United States, about 1 billion colds occur annually with an economic loss of $20 billion due to work loss. Between 75 and 100 million doctors' visits are recorded every year due to common colds. The common cold is caused by as many as 200 viruses, with the rhinovirus accounting for 30 to 35 percent of the colds in adults."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The dirtier I am, the whiter I get | Lovely Riddles The dirtier I am, the whiter I get | Best Riddle [PAR] Next Riddle Previous Riddle [PAR] The dirtier I am, the whiter I get [PAR] The dirtier I am, the whiter I get, Leave a mark on me when you stand, I'll leave a mark on you when you sit. What am I? [PAR] Click to see the answer [PAR] A chalkboard."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What goes up the chimney down but cannot go down the ... What goes up the chimney down but cannot go down the chimney up? | Reference.com [PAR] What goes up the chimney down but cannot go down the chimney up? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] According to Riddle Spot, the answer to the riddle \"What goes up the chimney down but cannot go down the chimney up?\" is an umbrella. An umbrella is very thin and narrow when it is down, so it can fit through the narrow opening of a chimney. When an umbrella is up, however, it is too large to fit through the same narrow opening."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is so fragile that when you say its name you break it ... What is so fragile that when you say its name you break it? | Reference.com [PAR] What is so fragile that when you say its name you break it? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The answer to this question is \"silence.\" The trick behind this riddle is the word \"say,\" as this term requires the action of verbalizing the answer out loud, hence breaking the silence. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] One of the most famous riddles is that of the Sphinx. In this mythology, the Sphinx asked people a question to gain entrance to Thebes. The question asks, \"What has four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon and three in the evening.\" The answer to this riddle is people, as babies crawl in the morning of their life. Adults walk on two legs during the afternoon of their life. Finally, elderly people use a cane during the twilight of their life.[DOC] [TLE] \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me ... \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] [PAR] Report Copyright Violation [PAR] \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] Well, what am I? Can you answer the riddle? I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. [PAR] I'll give you a hint, I'm not phosophorus or potassium. [PAR] Anonymous Coward [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] silence, duh [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] Silence? [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] silence, duh [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] i give [PAR] A Clear Choice Is Upon US. [PAR] Communists VS. Capitalists [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] air [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] What's your name, OP? [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] silence, duh [PAR] damn beat me to it [PAR] Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1089601 [PAR] Still, you are very fast! [PAR] Anonymous Coward [PAR] Report Copyright Violation [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] Well, what am I? Can you answer the riddle? I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. [PAR] I'll give you a hint, I'm not phosophorus or potassium. [PAR] Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1269080 [PAR] Re: \"I am so fragile that even saying my name can break me. What am I?\" [PAR] A FART! [PAR] The youngster said angrily \" If our founding Fathers could see what is going on, they would roll over in their graves!\" [PAR] The Ol'Timer shook his head and smiled. \" No, they would be grabbing their guns\". [PAR] WANT CHANGE???"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fleur Delacour - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Fleur Delacour | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 Fleur's loyalty to Harry Potter [src] [PAR] Fleur Isabelle Weasley (n\u00e9e Delacour) (b. c. 1977 ) was a French , quarter-Veela witch daughter of Apolline Delacour and her husband , and elder sister of Gabrielle . Fleur began attending the Beauxbatons Academy of Magic in 1988. During the 1994 - 1995 school year, she was Beauxbatons' champion in the Triwizard Tournament . Fleur competed bravely (though failing to complete the second task), but the Tournament ended in tragedy with the murder of Cedric Diggory and the return of Lord Voldemort . In the following summer, Fleur took a part-time job at Gringotts Wizarding Bank to improve her English, and began dating her co-worker Bill Weasley . The pair soon became engaged and Fleur stayed at The Burrow in the summer of 1996 to get to know Bill's family which Ginny and Molly Weasley hated. [PAR] Fleur arrived in the aftermath of the Battle of the Astronomy Tower in 1997; during which her fianc\u00e9 was badly injured by the werewolf Fenrir Greyback . The pair married in August of that year; the wedding was disrupted by Death Eaters following the fall of the Ministry of Magic. Fleur and Bill set up their own home at Shell Cottage , and later assisted Harry Potter , Ron Weasley , and Hermione Granger with Dumbledore 's quest following their escape from Malfoy Manor , mainly offering them room and board. Fleur fought alongside her husband in the Battle of Hogwarts in 1998. [PAR] After the Second Wizarding War , she and Bill had three children; Victoire , Dominique , and Louis Weasley . She was awarded medals of bravery by both the French and British Ministries of Magic for her participation in the Battle of Hogwarts [11] . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Early life (1977-?) [PAR] Fleur was quarter- veela and grew up in France, with her parents Monsieur Delacour and her half-veela mother Apolline Delacour. She had a younger sister, Gabrielle and began attending the Beauxbatons Academy of Magic at some point in her childhood. It can be assumed that some time before the start of her schooling she purchased her wand, which has a core of veela hair from her maternal grandmother. [PAR] Beauxbatons Academy of Magic (?-1995) [PAR] Triwizard champion [PAR] \"We 'ave all be 'oping to be chosen for weeks and weeks! Ze honour for our schools! A thousand Galleons prize money \u2014 zis is a chance many would die for!\" [PAR] \u2014Fleur Delacour regarding the tournament [src] [PAR] Fleur's arrival at Hogwarts in 1994 [PAR] In 1994 , along with Beauxbatons' Headmistress Madame Olympe Maxime , and a dozen other Beauxbatons students, she travelled to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to enter the Triwizard Tournament , arriving in a huge, blue chariot pulled by roughly a dozen flying horses on October 30 at around 6:00 pm. She laughed derisively during Albus Dumbledore 's speech during the Welcoming Feast . Part way through the feast, she walked over to the Gryffindor table to ask Ron Weasley for the bouillabaisse in front of him. On her way back, she caught the eyes of most of the other boys in the hall. [6] [PAR] Fleur and two of the other selected champions [PAR] Fleur placed her name in the Goblet of Fire , and during the Hallowe'en Feast, was selected to be Beauxbatons's student representative. While waiting for further instructions in a small room off the Great"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alastor Moody - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Alastor Moody | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Molly Weasley: \"Your father thinks very highly of Mad-Eye Moody.\" [PAR] Fred Weasley: \"Yeah, well, Dad collects plugs , doesn't he?\" [PAR] \u2014 Molly and Fred Weasley discussing Mr Weasley's high regard of Moody [src] [PAR] Barty Crouch Jr, disguised as Moody at the Yule Ball [PAR] Alastor Moody was tough, brave, and a consummate survivor. He had a gruff, surly disposition and frequently bellowed his mantra of \u201cconstant vigilance\u201d at people in order to keep them on their guard. Having encountered many dangerous experiences throughout his career , he was hyper-paranoid and thought of by many as being delusional. He prepared all of his own meals and drank only from his personal flask in case someone tried to poison him. He was also very distrusting of most people, being very careful of who he relayed facts about his personal life to, keeping what he considered to be important information back even from his colleagues and superiors in the Ministry of Magic , such as his birthplace and which house he was sorted into during his attendance at Hogwarts , the latter probably with keeping in mind that the house could identify some of his more essential personality traits, making it easier for the enemy to find weaknesses in his psychological defences. He had a well-known habit of being set off by sudden noises or movements in his presence and even attacked a witch who shouted \u201cboo\u201d at him on April Fool\u2019s Day. He even destroyed a birthday present carriage clock, believing it was a cleverly disguised basilisk egg , and was described in a Daily Prophet article as having left the Ministry when deemed \"Unable to tell the difference between a handshake and attempted murder.\" [PAR] Moody was a great wizard in his day and the most effective Dark Wizard hunter that the Ministry of Magic ever had. Nearly half of the cells in Azkaban were full because of Moody. He was also a staunchly loyal friend and supporter of Albus Dumbledore and one of the Order of the Phoenix 's most powerful and reliable allies. [PAR] Magical abilities and skills [PAR] Magical Mastery: Alastor Moody was widely known as one of the greatest wizards of modern times, both for his work as a member of the Order of the Phoenix and as an Auror for the British Ministry of Magic, as well as his extraordinary skill in many disciplines of magic. He was an expert in at least Charms , Transfiguration , Defensive Magic , Herbology , and Potions . This speaks for his versatility and his extensive expertise in many magical disciplines, which is a very big accomplishment for a sorcerer. While most are skilled in different areas of magic but are best at one specific kind, Moody reportedly had fully mastered several. [PAR] Auror skills: Alastor Moody was considered by many to be the most powerful Auror of all time. He was a master of both offensive and defensive magic, the hallmarks of the Auror's trade, which he employed so effectively that he personally ensured that half the cells of Azkaban were filled with Death Eaters . He was also capable of placing powerful protective enchantments and curses on the headquarters of the Order as a means of warding off Death Eaters, wards of such strength that not even Lord Voldemort could penetrate them. [PAR] Duelling : In the midst of the First Wizarding War and in its aftermath, Moody fought and defeated dozens"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why did Dumbledore tell Harry there were 6 Horcruxes when ... Why did Dumbledore tell Harry there were 6 Horcruxes when he already knew Harry was a horcrux? - Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange [PAR] Why did Dumbledore tell Harry there were 6 Horcruxes when he already knew Harry was a horcrux? [PAR] 2 [PAR] Harry: \"He made seven Horcruxes?\" [PAR] Dumbledore: \"...Not seven Horcruxes: six. The seventh part of his soul, however maimed, resides inside his regenerated body...\" (HP6, US Hardback, page 503). [PAR] I would think that Dumbledore had already known that there were 6 horcruxes: [PAR] the diary [PAR] Helga Hufflepuff's cup [PAR] Nagini (the whole essence divided thing) [PAR] Now those are the five that he was sure of. He knew that when Riddle came to Hogwarts to ask for the DADA position, he was really there so he could hide a horcrux. (But he never got a chance to tell Harry that, right?) Did Dumbledore know of the diadem? Or did he just think Riddle wanted to hide the cup? [PAR] Did Dumbledore say there were 6 and not 7 because he didn't know about the diadem but did know about Harry being a horcrux? Or did he say there were 6 to ensure Harry didn't guess he was a horcrux? Sorry if this makes no sense. [PAR] I know that in the end there were 7 horcruxes and an 8th part of Voldemort's soul right? [PAR] WARNING: Possible spoiler for Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows follows! [PAR] Yes, he said \"6\" to Harry for a reason: [PAR] He didn't yet want Harry to know he was a Horcrux. He confirmed that when talking to Snape, (when Harry was viewing Snape's memories at the end of DH, Ch 33). Emphasis mine. [PAR] \u201cHarry must not know, not until the last moment, not until it is necessary, otherwise how could he have the strength to do what must be done\u201d [PAR] \u201cBut what must he do?\u201d [PAR] \u201cThat is between Harry and me. Now listen closely, Severus. There will come a time\u2014after my death\u2014do not argue, do not interrupt! There will come a time when Lord Voldemort will seem to fear for the life of his snake.\u201d [PAR] \u201cFor Nagini?\u201d Snape looked astonished. [PAR] \u201cPrecisely. If there comes a time when Lord Voldemort stops sending that snake forth to do his bidding, but keeps it safe beside him under magical protection, then, I think, it will be safe to tell Harry.\u201d [PAR] \u201cTell him what?\u201d [PAR] Dumbledore took a deep breath and closed his eyes. [PAR] \u201cTell him that on the night Lord Voldemort tried to kill him, when Lily cast her own life between them as a shield, the Killing Curse rebounded upon Lord Voldemort, and a fragment of Voldemort\u2019s soul was blasted apart from the whole, and latched itself onto the only living soul left in that collapsed building. Part of Lord Voldemort lives inside Harry, and it is that which gives him the power of speech with snakes, and a connection with Lord Voldemort\u2019s mind that he has never understood. And while that fragment of soul, unmissed by Voldemort, remains attached to and protected by Harry, Lord Voldemort cannot die.\u201d [PAR] Also (less relevant), JKR later stated (on Pottermore I think) that Harry was not really, technically speaking, a Horcrux. [PAR] So there were, indeed, only 6 Horcruxes, 1 not-Horcux-soul-fragment (Harry), and 8 pieces. [PAR] But that wasn't what Dumbledore was referring to.[DOC] [TLE] When did each Horcrux get destroyed in the Harry Potter ... When did each Horcrux get"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albus Dumbledore - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Albus Dumbledore | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014Albus Dumbledore discussing his past with Harry Potter [src] [PAR] After graduating from Hogwarts in June 1899 , Dumbledore planned to take the traditional \"Grand Tour\" of the world with his friend Doge . However tragedy ensued on the eve of the departure when Kendra Dumbledore was killed by an outburst of Ariana 's uncontrollable magic, leaving Albus the head of his own broken family. [PAR] Albus Dumbledore with his friend Gellert Grindelwald in 1899 [PAR] Albus returned to Godric's Hollow full of bitter resentment at his situation, feeling trapped and wasted. Fortune finally shone on Dumbledore in the form of Gellert Grindelwald, who was in Godric's Hollow to research the Deathly Hallows . Grindelwald was as talented and brilliant as Albus was. Dumbledore quickly became fascinated by Grindelwald's ideas of wizarding domination, obviously considering Grindelwald an unexpected new chance to show his own brilliance and come out of the local misery. Albus also harboured romantic feelings for the other boy, but regretted his relationship with Grindelwald later in life. [14] [PAR] However, after two months, Albus's brother Aberforth confronted him over his neglect of Ariana over the past few weeks, telling him he couldn't carry out his plans with Grindelwald, as he would have to take her with him. Grindelwald then used the Cruciatus Curse on him. A violent duel erupted between the three teenage boys. Ariana herself tried to intervene in the fight, but couldn't due to her erratic abilities, and in the ensuing chaos was hit by a stray curse and died. No one knew whose curse it was that killed her, but Grindelwald fled immediately, as he already had a bad record back home, leaving the devastated Albus behind. [14] [PAR] Career at Hogwarts (c. 1910s-1970) [PAR] Dumbledore: \"I had proven, as a very young man, that power was my weakness and temptation. I was safer at Hogwarts. I think I was a good teacher.\" [PAR] Harry Potter: \"You were the best.\" [PAR] \u2014 Albus Dumbledore and Harry Potter discussing power and leadership [src] [PAR] After Grindelwald's flight, Dumbledore returned to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as Professor of Transfiguration . In the 1910s, Dumbledore taught Hufflepuff Newton Scamander . At some point, Newt endangered a human life with a beast. Despite Dumbledore arguing on his behalf, Newt was expelled from Hogwarts. [15] [PAR] In 1926 , Dumbledore became a regular columnist for Transfiguration Today , with the Daily Prophet quoting him as saying he was \"enraptured!\" to be writing for the magazine. [16] [PAR] Dumbledore discussing Tom Riddle with Mrs Cole [PAR] Dumbledore also served in recruiting students for Hogwarts. Most prominent among the students he recruited was Tom Riddle , who he found in Wool's Orphanage in 1938 . [17] Alone of all the professors at Hogwarts, Dumbledore was not charmed by the natural charisma and cunning of Tom Riddle. In their first encounter, Dumbledore became immediately suspicious of his \"obvious instincts for cruelty, secrecy and domination\" [17] and resolved to keep a close eye on him during his studies at the school. As Dumbledore was not so easily taken in by his charming fa\u00e7ade, Riddle came to despise and fear him. [17] [PAR] Dumbledore meets Tom Riddle for the first time [PAR] In 1943, several Muggle-born students were mysteriously petrified by a beast rumoured to have been released by the Heir of Slytherin from the mythical Chamber of Secrets. Indeed, the final victim of the beast, Myrtle , was actually"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peeves - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Peeves | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 Percy Weasley to Neville Longbottom [src] [PAR] The Bloody Baron is the only being that Peeves takes orders from. Peeves has a large amount of respect for the Bloody Baron, for unknown reasons, likely because he is afraid of him. During his first year, Harry imitated the voice of the Bloody Baron to chase Peeves away so Harry could get around Hogwarts without Peeves in the way. [PAR] Albus Dumbledore [PAR] Albus Dumbledore: \"We need to find her. Professor McGonagall, please go to Mr Filch at once and tell him to search every painting in the castle for the Fat Lady.\" [PAR] Peeves: \"You'll be lucky!\" [PAR] Albus Dumbledore: \"What do you mean, Peeves?\" [PAR] \u2014 Albus Dumbledore and Peeves, after the attack on the Fat Lady . [src] [PAR] Albus Dumbledore [PAR] Apart from the Bloody Baron, Albus Dumbledore was the only being in Hogwarts who Peeves was known to have shown any respect for. In Dumbledore's presence, Peeves adopted an oily voice in an attempt to be polite to the headmaster, likely out of fear that Dumbledore could have him expelled from the school if he angered him. [PAR] Hogwarts students and staff [PAR] Peeves enjoyed taunting all the students and staff members of Hogwarts . Most people were infuriated by him but on one occasion Minerva McGonagall told Peeves that he was unscrewing a chandelier the wrong way when Peeves attempted to create as much trouble for Dolores Umbridge as possible. Peeves obeyed Fred 's command to give Umbridge hell and caused her a great deal of trouble. Most of the students and teachers were on Peeves' side on this occasion due to their hatred of Umbridge. Umbridge had previously asked Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge to sign an order for the expulsion of Peeves , but it is uncertain if he ever actually signed such an order, nor how the order could have been enforced had he done so. [PAR] Peeves also happened to enjoy tormenting Harry Potter , Ronald Weasley , and Hermione Granger . He tried to get them in trouble with Neville Longbottom when he found them out of bed late in their first year, but was once beaten by them that same year (excluding Neville) when Harry impersonated the Bloody Baron, telling him to go away from the third floor so they could save the Philosopher's Stone without any interference (although he was unaware of this). The next year, Peeves made a foolish alarm that Harry had Petrified two more people (Justin Finch-Fletchley and Nearly Headless Nick) and shouting that no humans or ghosts are safe. [PAR] Peeves has directly clashed with other past Hogwarts caretakers, including Hankerton Humble and Rancorous Carpe . An attempt by Carpe to remove Peeves by luring him into a trap featuring weapons and trapping him with Containment Charms instead resulted in Peeves seizing the weapons and then subjecting Hogwarts to a three-day standoff. The standoff was only ended when then Headmistress Eupraxia Mole drew up a contract that granted him special privileges, including a once-weekly swim in the boys' toilets on the ground floor, first refusal on stale bread from the kitchen for throwing purposes, and a new hat \u2013 to be custom-made by Madame Bonhabille of Paris . [3] [PAR] Etymology [PAR] Peeve means little devil or something that is personally annoying; a personal dislike (like a pet peeve ). Peevish means disagreeable and bad tempered. [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] British actor Rik"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minerva McGonagall - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Minerva McGonagall | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"They're the worst sort of Muggles imaginable.\" [PAR] \u2014McGonagall discussing Harry's Muggle relatives [src] [PAR] Minerva and Dumbledore delivering Harry to the Dursleys ' home [PAR] In 1981 , baby Harry Potter defeated Lord Voldemort in his family home at Godric's Hollow , his parents James Potter and Lily Evans (both members of the Order of the Phoenix) were killed whilst protecting their son from harm. The defeat of Voldemort ultimately ended the war and his followers were arrested and those that escaped went into hiding. Minerva travelled to Surrey and there spent an entire day observing the Dursley family seeing whether or not they met the standards of looking after Harry as they were his only living relatives with his parents now dead. She was thus present, along with Rubeus Hagrid , when Dumbledore placed Harry on the Dursleys' doorstep, despite her objections to leaving him with these Muggles , whom she considered to be the \"worst kind\" of them. She kept a close eye on Harry from time to time during his early childhood, as did other members of the Order of the Phoenix . [5] [PAR] Between the wars (1981-1995) [PAR] McGonagall teaching a second year Transfiguration class [PAR] After the First Wizarding War had ended Minerva continued on with her career at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , carrying on teaching the art of Transfiguration. She remained loyal to the Order of the Phoenix and kept watching over Harry Potter as he grew up to keep him from harm. [PAR] Through her early years at Hogwarts, Minerva remained close friends with her former boss, Elphinstone Urquart . During one visit, he proposed marriage to Minerva at Madam Puddifoot's Tea Shop . Surprised, embarrassed, and still in love with Dougal, she declined. Elphinstone, however, had never ceased to love her, nor to propose every now and then, until she finally accepted after Dougal's death. They bought a cottage in Hogsmeade, which allowed Minerva to continue teaching. Although they had no children, Minerva's nieces and nephews visited often. [PAR] In 1985, three years into their marriage, Elphinstone died from a Venomous Tentacula bite. [3] Minerva, who could not bear to remain alone in their cottage, packed her things after her husband's funeral and returned to her first-floor study in Hogwarts Castle. It is unknown whether Minerva still owns the cottage. [PAR] Protecting the Philosopher's Stone [PAR] \"Welcome to Hogwarts. The start-of-term banquet will begin shortly, but before you take your seats in the Great Hall, you will be Sorted into your houses.\" [PAR] \u2014Minerva McGonagall introducing the first-year students of 1991 to Hogwarts [src] [PAR] McGonagall welcomes first year students to Hogwarts [PAR] In 1991 friend of Albus Dumbledore , Nicolas Flamel , had the Philosopher's Stone that was keeping him alive moved from his safe in Gringotts to Hogwarts for safe keeping. Minerva contributed to the defences set up around the magical artefact by transfiguring an enormous chess set and animating it to behave as a normal Wizard's chess set would. As part of its protection duty, it required that the person or persons seeking to get past would have to take the place of a piece on the board and play an actual game of wizard's chess, at great physical risk to themselves. Wizarding chess is known to be brutally violent and sacrificial for wizards to have to take part in themselves. [5] [PAR] Minerva placing the Sorting Hat on Harry Potter's head"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helen Skelton's Polar Challenge: the latest - Telegraph Helen Skelton's Polar Challenge: the latest - Telegraph [PAR] Telegraph [PAR] Helen Skelton's Polar Challenge: the latest [PAR] Blue Peter presenter Helen Skelton after completing the Polar Challenge for Sport Relief [PAR] 18 January 2012 \u2022 12:00am [PAR] Update, Sunday pm: [PAR] Helen Skelton has completed her 500-mile journey by ski, kite-ski and bike to the South Pole. She completed the distance in 18 days, including 103 miles by a specially designed ice bike. Read the full story here . [PAR] Update from Helen Skelton, Saturday January 21 (am) [PAR] In truth my head is a mess. It feels like Christmas Eve but better. If everything goes to plan we should reach the South Pole late tonight. Over a month since we arrived in what's been described as \"a war zone without bullets,\" we're closing in on the target. I'm looking at the GPS in front of me and it says 89 degrees, 47 minutes \u2013 which means we have hardly any distance to travel. It's mad, totally mad. [PAR] We've been here for so long it's almost become default that we camp, get up, ski, camp, get up, ski. But as we sit waiting for \u2018Christmas Day\u2019 to arrive I guess it's sinking in, this is the biggest thing I have ever been part of. [PAR] I've always had a habit of talking to myself and yesterday when I talked through the phone call to my Dad saying, we've made it, I cried. It's crazy how emotions sneak up on you. There's a bit of me that isn't ready for this to be over. [PAR] After a few 14 hour days, blisters and a cough we decided to kite ski yesterday. It was bliss. The light was stunning and fell on the snow making it look like a frozen lake. There were no clouds but the sky sparkled with frozen ice. I love the way it dances in the sun light. Trouble is, that's the stuff that's causing me to bark like a dog. [PAR] So I will continue to wear my face mask. I may look like Darth Vader but it will help me get there. [PAR] Miles left to the pole: less than 13 [PAR] Update from Helen Skelton, January 19 (am) [PAR] When I started my polar challenge I said I wanted to do it 20 days. Don't ask me where I got that from, but that's my target. And for the first since deciding to park the kites, I can honestly say I think Niklas and I will make it. There's still a long way to go so I don't want to sound too confident. Today we're skiing again and we're just below 100 miles to the Pole, but apparently that's nothing to get too excited about. It's the last degree when I can get excited, so I'll wait until we reach the 89th (60 miles out). [PAR] Miles travelled today: 17 [PAR] Outside temperature today: - 32C with wind chill -41C [PAR] Exclusive Telegraph update, January 18 [PAR] In an effort to use all three methods of transport equally we've parked the kites and are now relying on skis and a bike to get us to the Pole, a move I have not thought through. Our pace has dropped through the floor and we're doing around 14 hours a day to reach our daily mileage target. [PAR] Still, I almost feel like I'll be disappointing people if, upon my return, I can't tell tales of pain and struggle. It's become what people expect! [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] native americans - Why is Christopher Columbus credited ... native americans - Why is Christopher Columbus credited for \"discovering\" America? - History Stack Exchange [PAR] up vote 46 down vote accepted [PAR] Columbus is traditionally (and indeed still) credited with the discovery of the Americas for a number of reasons, some dubious but others quite legitimate. First of all, we must qualify this discovery as discovery by Old World people. Clearly, the original \"discovery\" by the human species was some 40,000 years ago by the ancestors of the indigenous populations of North and South America, but given that this original settlement was well within the pre-historical period, and that there has probably been no contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World (specifically Asia) in the last 10,000 years, it might be said that we implicitly mean a \"re-discovery\" (within the historical era) of the Americas. [PAR] Wikipedia actually has a fairly well-written paragraph on the subject: [PAR] Though Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas (having been preceded by the Norse expedition led by Leif Ericson[6]), Columbus' voyages led to the first lasting European contact with America, inaugurating a period of European exploration and colonization of foreign lands that lasted for several centuries. They had, therefore, an enormous impact in the historical development of the modern Western world. Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of the spreading of the Christian religion.[2] [PAR] Also worth noting is that Columbus led four expeditions to the New World: the first landed on the island of Hispaniola, and others ventured to Cuba, mainland Central America (Mexico area), and the northern coast of South America. Indeed, there is no doubt/controversy that Columbus was the first historical person of the Old World to discover South America. [PAR] Over the past few decades there has been some talk and a beginning of tre acceptance of the theory that the Solutrean peoples of southern France/northern Spain made it across to North America on small boats some 20,000 years ago, by navigating the iceburg-ridden North Atlantic ocean. While lying chronologically after most of the waves of migration from East Asia into North America, it is still within the pre-historical period and hence is not usually considered in this discussion -- not least, due to its non-universal acceptance at present. [PAR] Now, the first matter is that there exists clear historical evidence (both archaeological and written) that the medieval land the Vikings called Vinland does indeed correspond to Newfoundland, eastern Quebec, and the northern parts of New England. This occurred some time in the late 10th century A.D. (reputably by Leif Ericsson and his crew) when they were forced off course en route to Greenland and landed in Newfoundland. A number of reasons can be given for the diminished importance of this re-discovery, as follows. [PAR] The discovery was virtually lost into Viking legend during the following centuries, when the successor states of the Viking homeland (Denmark and Norway) were forged and the Age of Migrations came to a close. As far as I know, conclusive evidence for the Norse discovery only came to light during the 20th century. [PAR] The Vikings never made a permanent settlement in North America. At best, they explored around a bit, sailing up some of the major rivers (perhaps even the Hudson), and doing some minor trading with the Native Americans. However, there is no reliable evidence for routine trading with the North Americans, and indeed there are sources suggesting the Vikings considered them to be an inferior people, suggesting most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Cook and the Scourge of Scurvy - BBC - Home BBC - History - British History in depth: Captain Cook and the Scourge of Scurvy [PAR] Captain Cook and the Scourge of Scurvy [PAR] By Jonathan Lamb [PAR] Last updated 2011-02-17 [PAR] Scurvy was the scourge of the Royal Navy for decades, and Captain Cook is widely credited with conquering it. But how much of his reputation is deserved, and how much is due to luck? Jonathan Lamb investigates. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] The emergence of scurvy [PAR] Scurvy did not emerge as a problem for maritime explorers until vessels started penetrating the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. Vasco da Gama lost two thirds of his crew to the disease while making his way to India in 1499. In 1520 Magellan lost more than 80 per cent while crossing the Pacific. Two voyages made by Pedro de Quiros early in the 17th century resulted in huge mortality from a sickness Sir Richard Hawkins called, after his venture into the South Seas, 'the plague of the Sea, and the Spoyle of Mariners'. [PAR] ... Magellan lost more than 80 per cent of his crew while crossing the Pacific. [PAR] Scurvy came to public notice in Britain after Commodore George Anson led a squadron into the Pacific in the 1740s to raid Spanish shipping. He lost all but one of his six ships, and two thirds of the crews he shipped (700 survived out of an original complement of 2000), most of them to scurvy. Their symptoms were vividly described by Richard Walter, the chaplain who wrote up the official account of the voyage. Here were descriptions of its ghastly traces: skin black as ink, ulcers, difficult respiration, rictus of the limbs, teeth falling out and, perhaps most revolting of all, a strange plethora of gum tissue sprouting out of the mouth, which immediately rotted and lent the victim's breath an abominable odour. [PAR] There were strange sensory and psychological effects too. Scurvy seems to have disarmed the sensory inhibitors that keep taste, smell and hearing under control and stop us from feeling too much. When sufferers got hold of the fruit they had been craving they swallowed it (said Walter) 'with emotions of the most voluptuous luxury'. The sound of a gunshot was enough to kill a man in the last stages of scurvy, while the smell of blossoms from the shore could cause him to cry out in agony. This susceptibility of the senses was accompanied by a disposition to cry at the slightest disappointment, and to yearn hopelessly and passionately for home. [PAR] Now we know that scurvy was a cocktail of vitamin deficiencies, mainly of C and B, sometimes compounded by an overdose of A from eating seals' livers. Altogether these produced a breakdown in the cellular structure of the body, evident in the putrescence of the flesh and bones of sufferers, together with night blindness and personality disorders associated with pellagra. In the 18th century no one knew what caused scurvy, whose symptoms were so various it was sometimes mistaken for asthma, leprosy, syphilis, dysentery and madness. [PAR] Top [PAR] Prevention [PAR] Physicians speculated that it was owing to a salt diet, to a lack of oxygen in the body, to fat skimmed from the ships' boiling pans, to bad air, to thickening of the blood, to sugar, to melancholy; but no one knew for certain. People were aware that once victims were on shore they could be recovered by eating scurvy grass, wild celery, wood sorrel, nasturtiums, brooklime,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ... Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East. - ppt download [PAR] Download [PAR] Presentation is loading. Please wait. [PAR] Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East. [PAR] Published by Montana Hudgins Modified over 2 years ago [PAR] Embed [PAR] Similar presentations [PAR] More [PAR] Presentation on theme: \"Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East.\"\u2014 Presentation transcript: [PAR] 1 [PAR] 2 Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East. [PAR] 3 Da Gama was born to a noble family in Sines, Portugal. Da Gama's father Estavao was also an explorer. He was to have made the sea voyage from Portugal to India that eventually made his son famous, but the elder da Gama died before completing the journey. [PAR] 4 Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, on July 8, 1497, heading to the East. At the time, many people thought that da Gama's trip would be impossible because it was assumed that the Indian Ocean was not connected to any other seas. Da Gama's patron was King Manuel I of Portugal. [PAR] 5 Da Gama rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope on November 22, and continued on to India. After many stops in Africa, and problems with Muslim traders who did not want interference in their profitable trade routes, da Gama reached Calicut, India on May 20, 1498. [PAR] 6 At first, da Gama and his trading were well-received, but this did not last for long. Da Gama left India on August 29, 1498, after he was told to pay a large tax and leave all of his trading goods. When he left, da Gama took his goods with him, together with some Indian hostages. [PAR] 7 Da Gama returned to Lisbon, Portugal, in September, Along the way many crew members died from scurvy (a disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C). Upon his return, da Gama was treated as a hero and was rewarded by the king. [PAR] 8 King Manuel I of Portugal then sent da Gama, now an Admiral, on another expedition to India ( ). On this second trip, da Gama took 20 armed ships (anticipating problems from Muslim traders). On this voyage, da Gama killed hundreds of Muslims, often brutally, in order to demonstrate his power. [PAR] 9 After King Manuel's death, King John III sent da Gama to India as a Portuguese viceroy (the King's representative in India). Vasco da Gama died of an illness in India on December 24, 1524; his remains were returned to Portugal for burial."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki and Beowulf - Jesse Byock Beowulf and Hrolf Kraki [PAR] The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki and Beowulf [PAR] The Anglo-Saxons were well aware that their own ancestry derived, at least in part, from the Danes. It is therefore not surprising that the earliest accounts of the characters in Hrolf's Saga come from Anglo-Saxon England, where writing in Roman letters had been adopted in the seventh century, several centuries earlier than in Scandinavia. For the Anglo-Saxons, the kings of Norse legend represented the heroic era of their own history. This trans-North-Sea connection is made especially clear in the poem Widsith, written perhaps as early as the seventh century though it may be later. Widsith is shaped to resemble the song of a wandering Anglo-Saxon bard, unfolding his knowledge of the Germanic heroic age. The poet tells of Hrothgar (Hroar) and Hrothulf (Hrolf) and, in agreement with the genealogy of Hrolf's Saga, calls them uncle and nephew. According to the poem, these chieftains ruled for many years in peace at Heorot, overcoming their foes. [PAR] Both Hrothulf/Hrolf and Hrothgar/Hroar also appear in Beowulf, and a comparison shows some differences between the Old English and Icelandic stories. In Hrolf's Saga Hroar is a notable figure, though a secondary one, ruling over the northern English kingdom of Northumberland until forced into a disastrous conflict. In Beowulf, King Hrothgar is a character of central importance. He is the builder of the magnificent hall Heorot, the object of the monster Grendel's depredations. Moreover, Hrothgar, as in Widsith, is king of the Danes. The poet of Beowulf hints darkly, however, that there will be strife among the kinsmen: \"their peace still held, each one to the other was true.\" When Hrothgar's wife, having no real choice, commends her sons to her nephew Hrothulf, she fears that he will do them harm. Although the stories are somewhat different, the theme of betrayal and danger in the uncle-nephew relationship exists in both the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian stories. [PAR] Other figures in Hrolf's Saga also appear in Beowulf, attesting to the extent of the common legendary tradition. Halga (the Old English equivalent of Helgi) is noted in Beowulf as a son of Healfdeane and the brother of Hrothgar. These relationships agree with the saga, where King Halfdan is Helgi's father and Hroar is his brother. But it is the central character of the Anglo Saxon text, the young champion Beowulf, who, in his similarity to the Old Norse champion Bodvar Bjarki, offers the most intriguing agreement between the Old English poem and the saga.[DOC] [TLE] Beowulf - THE BRITISH LIBRARY Beowulf [PAR] Beowulf [PAR] British Library Cotton MS Vitellius A.XV, f.132 [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 The British Library Board [PAR] A high-quality version of this image can be purchased from British Library Images Online . For more information email imagesonline@bl.uk [PAR] This is the only known medieval manuscript of the epic saga of 'Beowulf', the most important surviving work of Anglo-Saxon poetry. The manuscript dates from the early 11th century, two generations before the Norman Conquest - though the poem itself is probably even older. Written in Old English, it tells of a thrilling struggle between the hero, Beowulf, and a bloodthirsty monster called Grendel. [PAR] What's Beowulf about? [PAR] Part history and part mythology, the saga is set during the sixth century. Beowulf is a royal son of a Scandinavian clan, whose fame 'far flew the boast of him', according to the poem. [PAR] For many winters, the court of the Danish king, Hrothgar has been terrorised by a fearsome monster"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Legend of Gelert the Dog - Historic UK The Legend of Gelert the Dog [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] One of the best known, and loved, folk-tales in Wales is the story of a faithful hound. [PAR] The story goes that in the thirteenth-century, Prince Llywelyn the Great had a palace at Beddgelert in Caernarvonshire, and as the Prince was a keen hunter, he spent much of his time in the surrounding countryside. [PAR] He had many hunting dogs, but one day when he summoned them as usual with his horn, his favourite dog Gelert didn't appear, so regretfully Llywelyn had to go hunting without him. [PAR] When Llywelyn returned from the hunt, he was greeted by Gelert who came bounding towards him \u2026his jaws dripping with blood. [PAR] The Prince was appalled, and a horrible thought came into his mind \u2026was the blood on the dog's muzzle that of his one-year old son? [PAR] His worst fears were realised when he saw in the child's nursery, an upturned cradle, and walls spattered with blood! He searched for the child but there was no sign of him. Llywelyn was convinced that his favourite hound had killed his son. [PAR] Mad with grief he took his sword and plunged it into Gelert's heart. [PAR] As the dog howled in his death agony, Llywelyn heard a child's cry coming from underneath the upturned cradle. It was his son, unharmed! [PAR] Beside the child was an enormous wolf, dead, killed by the brave Gelert. [PAR] Courtesy of Elle Wilson [PAR] Llywelyn was struck with remorse and carried the body of his faithful dog outside the castle walls, and buried him where everyone could see the grave of this brave animal, and hear the story of his valiant fight with the wolf. [PAR] To this day, a cairn of stones marks the place, and the name Beddgelert means in Welsh 'The grave of Gelert'. Every year thousands of people visit the grave of this brave dog; slight problem however, is that the cairn of stones is actually less than 200 years old! [PAR] Nevertheless this story has great appeal. History and myth appear to have become a little confused when in 1793, a man called David Pritchard came to live in Beddgelert. He was the landlord of the Royal Goat Inn and knew the story of the brave dog and adapted it to fit the village, and so benefit his trade at the inn. [PAR] He apparently invented the name Gelert, and introduced the name Llywelyn into the story because of the Prince's connection with the nearby Abbey, and it was with the help of the parish clerk that Pritchard, not Llywelyn, raised the cairn! [PAR] Whether the story is based on legend, myth or history it is still an entertaining one. Similar legends can also be found throughout Europe.[DOC] [TLE] Origins of The Story of Gelert - Myths and Legends from E2BN Origins of The Story of Gelert [PAR] The Story of Gelert - origins [PAR] What or who is Gelert? [PAR] Gelert by Charles Burton Barber (1845\u20131894 [PAR] Gelert is a legendary dog. He was the supposed favourite hunting hound of Llywelyn, Prince of Gwynedd, the most powerful man in Wales in the early 13th century. The dog is associated with the village of Beddgelert (which means grave of gelert) in northwest Wales. The heart-wrenching story of Gelert has been told many times. As in our retelling of the legend, Prince Llywelyn leaves his faithful hound to guard his baby son while he goes hunting. On his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AirportWatch | Plans for new Doncaster Robin Hood Airport ... AirportWatch | Plans for new Doncaster Robin Hood Airport link road from M18 [PAR] Plans for new Doncaster Robin Hood Airport link road from M18 [PAR] Date added: February 3, 2012 [PAR] Plans for a new link road to Robin Hood Airport in South Yorkshire are to be unveiled at 3 public meetings. The road, including a route to Rossington and a bridge over the East Coast Main Line, will run for 2.5 miles (4km) from junction 3 of the M18 to the A638 near the airport. Doncaster Council received \u00a318m funding from the Regional Growth Fund. Subject to planning permission being granted, work on the road could start in summer 2012 with it opening in early 2014. FoE says the new link road doesn\u2019t go to the airport; instead there\u2019s less than 1 mile of new dual carriageway from the M18, followed by a single carriageway extension of about another 2 miles, but then they\u2019re back on the existing road network for the last 3+ miles. Clearly the airport will gain some advantage by this but not excessively. [PAR] Tweet [PAR] [PAR] The airport is located close to the M18 motorway, but currently has no direct link road. In April 2011 funding (from the Regional Growth Fund) was announced for a direct motorway road link from Junction 3 of the M18 to the airport, construction may start in 2012. Map showing location of airport and of M18 link [PAR] Plans for new Robin Hood Airport link road [PAR] Subject to planning, work could start in the summer with the road opening in early 2014. [PAR] [PAR] Plans for a new link road to Robin Hood Airport in South Yorkshire are to be unveiled at three public meetings. [PAR] The road, including a route to Rossington and a bridge over the East Coast Main Line, will run for 2.5 miles (4km) from junction 3 of the M18 to the A638 near the airport. [PAR] Steve Gill, director of the airport, said the road was a \u201cvital component\u201d in its development. [PAR] Doncaster Council received \u00a318m funding from the Regional Growth Fund. [PAR] Mr Gill added that the airport was \u201cfantastically placed\u201d and the road would improve access for passengers and cargo. [PAR] He said the new link would cut 20 minutes off the journey time from Sheffield city centre. [PAR] New houses [PAR] Subject to planning permission being granted, work on the road could start in summer 2012 with it opening in early 2014. [PAR] The Finningley and Rossington Regeneration Route Scheme is part of the Gateway to the Sheffield City Region project. [PAR] The project will include new houses in Rossington and a freight interchange. [PAR] The council has previously said 25,000 private sector jobs could be created by 2030 as a result of the project. [PAR] The jobs would include those in air freight, warehousing, house building and civil engineering. [PAR] The meetings about the link road are at Holmescarr Community Enterprise Centre and Cantley Library later, and on Saturday at Asda (Bawtry Road). [PAR] [PAR] Comment from Friends of the Earth [PAR] FoE had been fighting this airport expansion for the last decade. For the second half of that period that\u2019s involved campaigning against proposals for a link road from the motorway, and we appeared to have lost out when the government\u2019s secretive Regional Growth Fund panel awarded a grant of \u00a318 million for the project. [PAR] We did know that sum was never going to be enough for the full scheme which had previously"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Green Knight ~ Other Characters in Arthurian Legend ... The Green Knight ~ Other Characters in Arthurian Legend | King Arthur & The Knights of the Round Table [PAR] [PAR] The Green Knight [PAR] The Green Knight was a character featured in the classic poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (fourteenth century) and its derivative The Green Knight (c. 1500). This knight came into Arthur's hall and asked any one of his knights to trade blows. [PAR] The Green Knight prepares to fight. [PAR] Gawain accepted this challenge and he was allowed to strike first. He cut off the Green Knight's head. The latter calmly picked it up and told Gawain to meet him on New Year's Morning for his turn. [PAR] On his way to this meeting, Gawain lodged with a lord and each agreed to give the other what he had obtained during each day of Gawain's stay. On the first day, when the lord was out hunting, Gawain received a kiss from his wife which was duly passed on. On the second day, he received a brace of kisses which were also passed on. On the third day he was given three kisses and some green lace which would magically protect him, but only the three kisses were passed on. [PAR] Having left the lord's residence, Gawain arrived at the Green Chapel where he was to meet the Green Knight. He knelt for the blow. The Green Knight aimed three blows at Gawain, but the first two did not make contact and the third but lightly cut his neck. [PAR] The Green Knight turned out to be the lord with whom he had been staying and he said he would not have cut Gawain at all had the latter told him about the lace. The Green Knight was called Bertilak and he lived at Castle Hutton. The tale bears a striking resemblance to an Irish narrative in which Cu Roi takes the part of the Green Knight and Cuchullain that of Gawain. The Green Knight may have been the Green Man, a wild man featured on inn signboards whose effigy was carried in civic processions. [PAR] *Sir Pertolepe was also called the Green Knight, and he was defeated by Sir Gareth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ images about Welsh - Legends & Folklore on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about Welsh - Legends & Folklore on Pinterest | Alan lee, Welsh and King arthur [PAR] When looking for some illustrations on the Mabinogion I found this amazing looking book- The Golden Cockerel Sir Gawain so now I'm on the hunt for the artist. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Celtic Faeries - Timeless Myths Faeries [PAR] Origin of the Faeries [PAR] [PAR] Fairy comes from the Old French word faerie. The word has been overused to describe a supernatural being. There is a great deal of difference in classifying a being as a fairy from the medieval literature and those from modern literature, especially those belonging to the Celtic tradition. [PAR] There are other traditions such as that found in English, German and Slavic folklores. [PAR] Today, when we think of fairies, we often visualise them as tiny, supernatural beings with wings and glowing with uncommon light in today's children fairy tales. And they also possessed some sorts of strange magical powers, like Tinklebell in the story of Peter Pan or the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella. The modern fairies, between the 18th and 20th century, comes from oral tradition before they were transmitted into writing. [PAR] The fairies are supernatural beings that can be best described by the Greek word - daimon, which means \"spirit\". They are not divinity, ie. god or goddess, in the usual sense of the word, and yet they are not mere mortal; often, it is easier to classify them as minor divinity. [PAR] However, if we look at the idea of fairies, then you would find that have been around a lot longer than everyone expects. Perhaps the earliest form of faeries can be found loosely in the mythical beings in Greek mythology, such as the nymphs, satyrs and sileni. The nymphs from ancient Greek myths can be considered as fairies and they existed as early as the time of Homer writing the Iliad and the Odyssey. Even the river gods in Greek myths can be classified as fairies. These are spirits or minor deities of nature or of the natural phenomena. [PAR] And then, there are household or guardian spirits that can be found in Roman religion and mythology, such as the penates, lares and genii. [PAR] The Norse versions of the fairies are the wide variety of elves and the d\u00edsir that exist in the Teutonic traditions. The Valkyries could also be classified as fairies. [PAR] It was during the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England, where William Shakespeare (1564-1616) had popularised fairies in English folklore, in his play Midsummer Night's Dream, with the characters Oberon, Titania and Puck (Robin Goodfellow). Earlier than Shakespeare, Chaucer (1342-1400) mentioned that the land of Britain was filled with fairies before the time of King Arthur. [PAR] In the Arthurian legends, the divine or fairy figures also appeared in abundance. Morgan, Arthur's half-sister, seemed to be great sorceress and healer, was often called Morgan le Fay ; her nickname Fay, which means \"Fairy\". And then there is this Lady of the Lake . Arthur's wife, Guinevere , or Gwenhwyfar in the Welsh tradition, also appeared to be a fairy, as well as the sovereignty goddess. Many knights were either born from fairies or they took female fairies as their lovers. Even Merlin was only part mortal. [PAR] Then you would discover that that these images of fairies are not the only kind. There were all sorts in fairy tales and folklores. Some are benign, while others are maligned and hostile to mortals."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Troy and the Rings: Tolkien and the Medieval Myth of England \"Troy and the Rings: Tolkien and the Medieval Myth of England\" by Livingston, Michael - Mythlore, Vol. 32, Issue 1, Fall-Winter 2013 | Online Research Library: Questia [PAR] Article excerpt [PAR] A Myth for England [PAR] ONE OF THE MOST WELL-KNOWN QUOTES attributed to J.R.R. Tolkien regarding the composition of both The Lord of the Rings and the greater surrounding body of Middle-earth materials is his intent to create a \"mythology for England\" that he otherwise felt lacking (Carpenter 89; italics original). I say \"attributed\" because while few critical engagements by either fans or scholars have failed to take note of this aim, Tolkien himself can nowhere be quoted as having utilized the phrase. (1) [PAR] Despite the fact that the \"quote\" itself appears to be a critical invention rather than an authorial statement, there is little question that the desire to create a myth for England was in one way or another a founding principle of Tolkien's creativity. Indeed, Tolkien himself expressed a similar sentiment at multiple points in his life. Discussing the content of The Lord of the Rings in a letter to publisher Milton Waldman (probably written in late 1951), for instance, Tolkien described at length the fact that he \"was from early days grieved by the poverty of my own beloved country: it had no stories of its own (bound up with its tongue and soil), not of the quality that I sought, and found (as an ingredient) in legends of other lands.\" Thus, he wrote, he once \"had a mind to make a body of more or less connected legend\" that he \"could dedicate simply to: to England; to my country\" (Letters 144). (2) Though this effort to fill in the gaps by crafting a myth for England admittedly grew into something far more complex, the essentially \"English\" quality of the mythology of Middle-earth has never been forgotten. Not surprisingly, it has pervaded much of the criticism of Tolkien's work. (3) All the more odd, then, that so little attention has been paid to the fact that--as Tolkien well knew--the Middle Ages already had a myth for England, and that any medievalist creating a myth for England founded on medieval texts--as Tolkien undeniably was--would presumably utilize that myth in the making of his own. The primary aim of this essay is to suggest that critics of Tolkien may have neglected the debt that the author owed to the myths of Troy: those of both the War and its aftermath. Identifying this debt, in turn, might reveal a great deal about how Tolkien utilized source materials, and how he intended to create his so-called \"myth for England,\" particularly as it relates to his completed masterpiece, The Lord of the Rings. (4) [PAR] Trojan Britain [PAR] From at least the ninth century, when the legend was included in the Historia Brittonum, commonly attributed to Nennius, most medieval writers thought the name Britain derived from Brutus, a descendant of the Trojan Aeneas, who himself fled Troy during the war first recounted in Homer's Iliad. (5) After a number of adventures, Aeneas brought the nobility of Homer's Troy to Italy, where he became a founding ancestor to Rome itself (this part of the tale originating in Virgil's Aeneid). Circumstances forced Brutus, either the grandson or great-grandson of Aeneas, to bring a Trojan fleet to the British Isles (then called Albion), and there he defeated a race of giants and established a civilization with its capital at New Troy (that is, London). Thus, in simplified summary, Homer's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St George - Patron Saint of England - Historic UK St George - Patron Saint of England [PAR] St George - Patron Saint of England [PAR] Navigation [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] Every nation has its own \u2018Patron Saint\u2019 who in times of great peril is called upon to help save the country from its enemies. St David is the patron saint of Wales, St Andrew of Scotland and St Patrick of Ireland - St George being the patron saint of England. [PAR] But who was St. George, and what did he do to become England\u2019s Patron Saint? [PAR] Very little is known about St. George\u2019s life, but it is thought he was a high ranking officer in the Roman army who was killed in around AD 303. [PAR] It seems that the Emperor Diocletian had St. George tortured to make him deny his faith in Christ. However despite some of the most terrible torture even for that time, St George showed incredible courage and faith and was finally beheaded near Lydda in Palestine. His head was later taken to Rome where it was interred in the church dedicated to him. [PAR] Stories of his strength and courage soon spread throughout Europe. The best-known story about St. George is his fight with a dragon, but it is highly unlikely that he ever fought a dragon, and even more unlikely that he ever visited England, however his name was known there as early as the eighth-century. [PAR] In the Middle Ages the dragon was commonly used to represent the Devil. Unfortunately the many legends connected with St. George\u2019s name are fictitious, and the slaying of the \u2018Dragon\u2019 was first credited to him in the 12th century. [PAR] St. George, so the story goes, killed a dragon on the flat topped Dragon Hill in Uffington, Berkshire, and it is said that no grass grows where the dragon\u2019s blood trickled down! [PAR] It was probably the 12th century Crusaders however who first invoked his name as an aid in battle. [PAR] King Edward III made him the Patron Saint of England when he formed the Order of the Garter in St. George's name in 1350, and the cult of the Saint was further advanced by King Henry V , at the battle of Agincourt in northern France. [PAR] Shakespeare made sure that nobody would forget St. George, and has King Henry V finishing his pre-battle speech with the famous phrase, \u2018Cry God for Harry, England and St. George!\u2019 [PAR] King Henry himself, who was both warlike and devout, was thought by his followers to possess many of the saint\u2019s characteristics. [PAR] The Tomb of St George, Lod, Israel [PAR] In England St. George\u2019s Day is celebrated, and his flag flown, on his feast day, April 23rd. [PAR] An interesting piece of trivia - Shakespeare was born on St. George\u2019s Day 1564, and if the story is to be believed, died on St. George\u2019s Day 1616. [PAR] An appropriate end perhaps for the man who helped to immortalise the Saint in English tradition."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pecorino - Cheese.com Pecorino - Cheese.com [PAR] Find over 1750 specialty cheeses from 74 countries in the world's greatest cheese resource [PAR] Pecorino [PAR] Pecorino is the name given to all Italian cheeses made from sheep's milk. It covers a wide variety of cheeses produced around the country, but specifically it refers to four main varieties of Pecorino, all of which enjoy PDO protection. These hard ewes\u2019 milk cheeses from central Italy and the island of Sardinia have established a very good export market outside Italy. [PAR] Of these four, Pecorino Romano from Sardinia, Lazio and Tuscan Province of Grosseto is the most widely known outside of Italy. The remaining three mature PDO cheeses are Pecorino Sardo from Sardinia, Pecorino Siciliano from Sicily and Pecorino Toscano from Tuscany. [PAR] Pecorinos are traditional, creamery, hard, drum-shaped cheeses. They come in a variety of flavours determined by their age. Aged Pecorinos referred to as \u2018stagionato\u2019 are hard and crumbly in texture with buttery and nutty flavours. Young or \u2018semi-stagionato\u2019 and \u2018fresco\u2019 Pecorinos feature a softer texture with mild, creamy flavours. A good Pecorino will have smooth, hard rind that is pale straw to dark brown in colour. The rind will vary in colour, depending on the age of the cheese, and may include a protecting coating of lard or oil. Its compact interior is white to pale yellow in colour, with irregular, small eyes. [PAR] Today, this classic Italian cheese is available in many flavours including Pecorino Pepato spiced with black peppercorns or red chili. Pecorino is a preferred cheese in many pasta cheeses and an obvious choice in Italian regions where the cheese is produced. Also, it served as a good substitute for the expensive Parmigiano-Reggiano. [PAR] Made from sheep 's milk [PAR] Country of origin: Italy[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Food - Pecorino recipes BBC - Food - Pecorino recipes [PAR] FAQs [PAR] Pecorino recipes [PAR] Pecorino is the Italian name for ewes\u2019 milk cheese, so in theory the term covers a wide range of varieties from around the country. In practice, however, it is generally used more specifically to refer to hard ewes\u2019 milk cheeses from central Italy and the island of Sardinia. Although young, fresh pecorinos can be found, you are more likely come across aged examples, which are used as much as parmesan further north. Most pecorinos are heavily salted. [PAR] Recipes using pecorino [PAR] See all recipes using pecorino [PAR] Buyer's guide [PAR] Pecorino Romano is the most common type of pecorino. Fiore Sardo is a variety of pecorino from Sardinia, made using a rennet derived from wild flowers. The aromatic Pecorino delle Crete Senesi comes from Tuscany, and is coated with tomato paste; Pecorino Toscano is a milder, tomato-less version. Pecorino Siciliano Canestrato comes in various forms, including the fresh Tuma, a half-ripened version (called Primusali), and a mature one suitable for grating. Pecorino dolce is a lightly salted example of the cheese, and is usually eaten fresh. [PAR] Preparation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Wine and Cheese - Hard Facts Puzzles - Wine and Cheese [PAR] Another QM with an aversion to question marks [PAR] 1. What country is Pecarino cheese from. [PAR] 2. What country is Sukhindol wine from. [PAR] 3. What type of milk is Roquefort cheese made from. [PAR] 4. Along which river is most of France's Sauvignon Blanc cultivated. [PAR] 5. What is added to Cheddar cheese to make Ilchester cheese. [PAR] 6. What is a crate of twelve bottles of wine called. [PAR] 7. Which cheese is known as the King of English cheeses. [PAR] 8. What is the German label term indicating a high quality wine. [PAR] 9. Which well known cheese is transported in cyclindrical wood-chip boxes. [PAR] 10. How many normal size wine bottles in a Methuselah. [PAR] 3. What type of milk is Roquefort cheese made from. Ewes' milk [PAR] 8. What is the German label term indicating a high quality wine. Qualitatswein [PAR] 1. What country is Pecarino cheese from. [PAR] Italy [PAR] 3. What type of milk is Roquefort cheese made from. [PAR] sheep (oops, sorry Midge didn't see you come in there) [PAR] 6. What is a crate of twelve bottles of wine called. [PAR] Case, aka a bloody good time was had by all [PAR] 7. Which cheese is known as the King of English cheeses. [PAR] Stilton???? [PAR] 2. What country is Sukhindol wine from. [PAR] Bulgaria [PAR] 4. Along which river is most of France's Sauvignon Blanc cultivated. [PAR] Loire [PAR] 9. Which well known cheese is transported in cyclindrical wood-chip boxes. [PAR] Camembert [PAR] 10. How many normal size wine bottles in a Methuselah. [PAR] eight [PAR] 6. What is a crate of twelve bottles of wine called. [PAR] Case, aka a bloody good time was had by all [PAR] Oh I remember that, back in the day.... [PAR] Well done all [PAR] 5. What is added to Cheddar cheese to make Ilchester cheese. [PAR] Beer and Garlic [PAR] Well I Never Knew Dat. [PAR] And I don't think I wan't any."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 7 Most Popular Wine Crate Sizes List - blogspot.com Wooden Wine Boxes & Wine Crates: The 7 Most Popular Wine Crate Sizes List [PAR] Wooden Wine Boxes & Wine Crates [PAR] We are all about wine crates! From the original wine crates to the personalized wooden wine boxes; we will share our knowledge of wine crates with you. The variety of topics we will discuss: wine-themed interior decorating ideas, unique wine accents for the home, wine storage options, wine paneling for wine cellars, enhancing your corporate brand with personalized wine boxes and much more! [PAR] Wednesday, August 3, 2011 [PAR] The 7 Most Popular Wine Crate Sizes List [PAR] The advent of wine crates began mankind's attempt at mass advertising, and they are the first product packaging method made for the consumer. Thousands of years later they are still crafted for this purpose. [PAR] There are 7 main sizes for wine crates. The list is from most popular to most rare: [PAR] 12 bottle wine crates: [PAR] Most commonly made by: Bordeaux wineries [PAR] Average dimensions: 19 1/2\" L X 13\" W X 7\" H [PAR] Additional details: 12 bottle crates are made to hold (12) 750 ML wine bottles. They are mostly branded on the front sides (the 13\" W part). Many of the logo designs of Bordeaux crates are timeless and highly artistic. Below is the front branded side of a 12 bottle wine crate: [PAR] Below is the inside of a 12 bottle wine crate. The dividers inside the crate are called inserts and they are designed to keep the bottles inside the crate secure. Inserts are made with either wood or cardboard. The inserts in the below picture are cardboard: [PAR] 6 bottle wine crates: [PAR] Most commonly made by: Italian, Spanish and Californian wineries [PAR] Average dimensions: 13\" L X 11\" W X 7\" H - These sizes often vary [PAR] Additional details: 6 bottle crates are made to hold (6) 750 ML wine bottles. They are mostly branded on both the front and back sides (the 13\" L parts). Italian wineries tend to have a more \"old world look\" whereas Californian and Spanish crates tend to be more moden looking. Below are three 6 bottle crates for your review: [PAR] ZD Wines 6 bottle crate from Napa Valley, California\ufeff [PAR] Sassicaia 6 bottle crate from Tuscany, Italy [PAR] Numanthia El Toro 6 bottle crate from Spain [PAR] Single bottle crates: [PAR] Most commonly made by: Italian wineries [PAR] Average dimensions: Varied based on bottle size [PAR] Additional details: There are a variety of different single bottle crates. The most common are: [PAR] Single (750 ML): 13\" L X 4\" W X 4\" H [PAR] Magnum (1500 ML): 15\" L X 5\" W X 5\" H [PAR] Double magnum (3000 ML): 19 1/2\" L X 6\" W X 6\" H [PAR] Imperial (6000 ML): 21 1/2\" L X 7\" W X 7\" H - *These are the gigantic bottles you may see in the window of a fine wine store. [PAR] These types of crates come in a variety of styles such as slide-top and flip-top lids. They are usually branded on multiple sides, and their sizes often vary based on the winery. Below are a few pictures of single bottle crates: [PAR] Magnum crates: [PAR] Double magnum (Very rare Screaming Eagle): [PAR] Imperial (Very rare Chateau Petrus): [PAR] 6 bottle flat crates: [PAR] Most commonly made by: Italian and Californian wineries [PAR] Average dimensions: 20\" L X 13\" W X 4\" H [PAR] Additional details: Flat crates are generally made to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Cheese - British Culture, Customs and Traditions British Cheese - British Culture, Customs and Traditions [PAR] British Culture, British Customs and British Traditions [PAR] British Cheese [PAR] With dictionary look up. Double click on any word for its definition. [PAR] This section is in advanced English and is only intended to be a guide, not to be taken too seriously! [PAR] There are now over 450 different cheeses in the UK, these are just a few of the most popular (and my favourite) ones. Often eaten with specialy made savoury biscuits and a glass of wine or port. [PAR] A - Z of British Cheese [PAR] Brodick Blue - A ewes milk blue cheese from Brodick in Scotland. [PAR] Caerphilly - The best known Welsh cheese. A fresh, white, mild cheese with a delicate, slightly salty and lightly acidic flavour [PAR] Cheddar - Probably the best known British cheese. A creamy cheese which comes in different strengths depending on its age from Mild to Mature. Cheddar dates back to the 15th century when it was stored in the Cheddar Gorge caves of Somerset. [PAR] Cheshire - A slightly crumbly and silky texture with a full-bodied, fresh flavour. There is a white and a coloured cheshire. Britain's oldest cheese, dating back to the 11th century. It can claim a mention in the Doomsday Book and boast to have been a firm favourite at the court of Elizabeth I. [PAR] Cornish Yarg - A semi-hard cheese that is creamy and slightly crumbly at the core. It has a young, fresh, slightly tangy taste. [PAR] Crowdie - A soft fresh Scottish cheese. Originally made using milk left after the cream has separated naturally. Plain or flavoured with peppercorns, garlic or herbs. [PAR] Derby - A smooth, mellow texture with a quite mild, buttery flavour [PAR] Double Gloucester - A smooth, buttery texture with a clean, creamy, mellow flavour. Famous for its role in the annual cheese-rolling contest. [PAR] Dovedale - A creamy soft, mild blue cheese. [PAR] Lancashire - A full-bodied flavour that is slightly salted with a creamy but faintly crumbly texture. [PAR] Red Leicester - A rich, orangey coloured cheese whose flaky and slightly open texture plays host to a distinctive mellow flavour. [PAR] Sage Derby - A green veined, semi-hard cheese with a delightful, mild sage flavour. [PAR] Shropshire Blue - Made in a similar way to Stilton, it is a blue veined, soft, orange coloured cheese with a sharp, strong, slightly tangy flavour that takes between six and eight weeks to mature. [PAR] Stilton - Known as the 'King of English Cheeses'. A blue veined cheese with smooth and creamy texture it has a complex, slightly acidic flavour. It originated near Melton Mowbray at the beginning of the 18th century. [PAR] Village Green Goat - A popular Cornish goat's cheese with a green wax coating, from whence it gets its name, surrounding a great tasting hard cheese. [PAR] Wensleydale - A moist, crumbly and flaky textured cheese with a mild and slightly sweet flavour. It can be traced back to the 12th century when it was made in Yorkshire by the monks at Jervaulx Abbey [PAR] White Stilton - A mild, crumbly cheese with a delicious tangy flavour. It is younger than its blue cousin and also comes blended with apricots or cranberries."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] German Wine Label Information - Wine-Searcher German Wine Label Information [PAR] German Wine Label Information [PAR] German Wine Label Information [PAR] German wine labels are complex but highly informative - they provide more information as standard than those of any other nation. A single label may indicate (among other things) the producer's name and location, the wine's sweetness, its grape variety, how ripe the grapes were when harvested, the name of the village and vineyard the grapes came from, and whether the wine was bottled at the winery or by a third party. [PAR] Below is an example label, and below that an overview of German wine classification and terminology. For comprehensive information about the German regions and their wines, see Germany . [PAR] The four official tiers of German wine quality: [PAR] Pr\u00e4dikatswein, formerly Qualit\u00e4tswein mit Pr\u00e4dikat (QmP), is the top tier of German wine quality classification. Because grapes often struggle to ripen in Germany's cool climate, ripeness is used as a key indicator of quality, and is the basis of the Pr\u00e4dikatswein system. To qualify, a wine must be made from grapes with a must weight (ripeness) of over 67 degrees Oechsle . It may then be classified into one of the six official Pr\u00e4dikats: [PAR] Kabinett is the lightest style, made from grapes harvested at 67-82 Oechsle. Kabinett wines are most often produced in a dry or medium-dry style. [PAR] Sp\u00e4tlese means 'late harvest', denoting that (theoretically) the grapes were picked at least a week after the start of harvest, at 76-90 Oechsle. Sp\u00e4tlese wines are slightly richer, more concentrated and typically sweeter than Kabinett. [PAR] Auslese means 'selected harvest', and is made from ripe grapes (83-100 Oechsle) affected to some degree by botrytis . Auslese wines are traditionally sweet in style, but modern winemaking trends have led to the appearance of dry Auslese Trocken wines, which are naturally powerful and high in alcohol. [PAR] Beerenauslese (BA) means 'berry selection'. Super-ripe grapes (110-128 Oechsle) remain on the vine and are 'selected' only if affected by botrytis. Sweeter and richer than Auslese, Beerenauslese wines are intensely flavored, golden nectars. [PAR] Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA) means 'dry berry selection'. Grapes are left on the vine until reaching a raisin-like state, with highly concentrated sugars (150-154 Oechsle). Trockenbeerenauslese wine is the sweetest, rarest and most expensive Pr\u00e4dikatswein. [PAR] Eiswein means ' ice wine ', and indicates that the over-ripe grapes (110-128 Oechsle) were harvested and pressed while frozen. This naturally concentrates both sugars and acids, resulting in lusciously sweet wines which nonetheless have balanced acidity. [PAR] Qualit\u00e4tswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (QbA) is Germany's second tier of wine quality classification, and means literally 'quality wine from a specified region'. Almost three-quarters of all German wine is produced in this category. A QbA wine must be made exclusively from grapes grown in one of Germany's 13 official Anbaugebiete (wine regions), of which Mosel is the most famous. [PAR] Deutscher Landwein means 'German country wine' - equivalent to France's Vin de Pays (and thus the Euro-wide IGP category). [PAR] Deutscher Wein means simply 'German wine', and provides few guarantees of quality. Deutscher Wein bears no A.P.Nr quality control number, and is almost always made for the domestic market. [PAR] In addition to their official quality classification, German wine labels often indicate how dry or sweet the wine is, according to its residual sugar content. The most common terms are trocken (dry - up to 9g/l) and halbtrocken (medium-dry - up to 18g/l). The unofficial term Feinherb is also sometimes used for 'off-dry'. These terms indicate how sweet the wine tastes, and are distinct from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puzzles - Wine and Cheese - Hard Facts Puzzles - Wine and Cheese [PAR] Another QM with an aversion to question marks [PAR] 1. What country is Pecarino cheese from. [PAR] 2. What country is Sukhindol wine from. [PAR] 3. What type of milk is Roquefort cheese made from. [PAR] 4. Along which river is most of France's Sauvignon Blanc cultivated. [PAR] 5. What is added to Cheddar cheese to make Ilchester cheese. [PAR] 6. What is a crate of twelve bottles of wine called. [PAR] 7. Which cheese is known as the King of English cheeses. [PAR] 8. What is the German label term indicating a high quality wine. [PAR] 9. Which well known cheese is transported in cyclindrical wood-chip boxes. [PAR] 10. How many normal size wine bottles in a Methuselah. [PAR] 3. What type of milk is Roquefort cheese made from. Ewes' milk [PAR] 8. What is the German label term indicating a high quality wine. Qualitatswein [PAR] 1. What country is Pecarino cheese from. [PAR] Italy [PAR] 3. What type of milk is Roquefort cheese made from. [PAR] sheep (oops, sorry Midge didn't see you come in there) [PAR] 6. What is a crate of twelve bottles of wine called. [PAR] Case, aka a bloody good time was had by all [PAR] 7. Which cheese is known as the King of English cheeses. [PAR] Stilton???? [PAR] 2. What country is Sukhindol wine from. [PAR] Bulgaria [PAR] 4. Along which river is most of France's Sauvignon Blanc cultivated. [PAR] Loire [PAR] 9. Which well known cheese is transported in cyclindrical wood-chip boxes. [PAR] Camembert [PAR] 10. How many normal size wine bottles in a Methuselah. [PAR] eight [PAR] 6. What is a crate of twelve bottles of wine called. [PAR] Case, aka a bloody good time was had by all [PAR] Oh I remember that, back in the day.... [PAR] Well done all [PAR] 5. What is added to Cheddar cheese to make Ilchester cheese. [PAR] Beer and Garlic [PAR] Well I Never Knew Dat. [PAR] And I don't think I wan't any."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guide to Wine Bottle Sizes | Wine Folly Guide to Wine Bottle Sizes | Wine Folly [PAR] Articles , Beginner , Favorite , Handling Wine , Wine Basics , Wine Storage [PAR] Meaning of Wine Bottle Sizes [PAR] Curiously, the historic convention for naming wine bottle sizes is based on the names of biblical kings. As with many parts of the aesthetics of wine, nomenclature for wine bottle formats reconnects us to the structures of wine culture. Wine has long been a living part of our history and day-to-day lives, and so unsurprisingly the bottle names are connected to one of our oldest documents. To be fair, no one really knows how this convention started for sure. If you know, we\u2019d love to be enlightened. We could do some \u201cresearch\u201d and see if the answer can be found at the bottom of six liter? I bet you we\u2019d discover something. Below is a list of wine bottle sizes and their names. [PAR] Wine Bottle Size Chart [PAR] 187.5 ml Piccolo or Split: Typically used for a single serving of Champagne. [PAR] 375 ml Demi or Half: Holds one-half of the standard 750 ml size. [PAR] 750 ml Standard: Common bottle size for most distributed wine. [PAR] 1.5 L Magnum: Equivalent to two standard 750 ml bottles. [PAR] 3.0 L Double Magnum: Equivalent to two Magnums or four standard 750 ml bottles. [PAR] 4.5 L Jeroboam (still wine): Equivalent to six standard 750 ml bottles. [PAR] 6.0 L Imperial: Equivalent to eight standard 750 ml bottles or two Double Magnums. [PAR] 9.0 L Salmanazar: Equivalent to twelve standard 750 ml bottles or a full case of wine! [PAR] 12.0 L Balthazar: Equivalent to sixteen standard 750 ml bottles or two Imperials. [PAR] 15.0 L Nebuchadnezzar: Equivalent to twenty standard 750 ml bottles. [PAR] The original box wine is 3 liters aka a double magnum [PAR] Facts about wine bottle sizes [PAR] Box wine is commonly 3 liters or a double magnum size [PAR] Rehoboam in terms of Champagne Bottles is only 4.5 litres or 6 bottles. [PAR] Methuselah is the same size as an Imperial (6 litres) but the name is usually used for sparkling wines in a Burgundy-shaped bottle [PAR] Save it for later! What if I can\u2019t drink all that wine? [PAR] LIKE WINE FOLLY TO GET OUR TOP STORIES [PAR] Do you like this post?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hunting High And Low - A-Ha - Listen to Free Music by A-Ha ... Hunting High And Low - A-Ha - Listen to Free Music by A-Ha on Pandora Internet Radio [PAR] more [PAR] A-Ha [PAR] Pal Waaktaar and Magne Furuholmen, formerly of Bridges, formed a-ha in the early '80s. Morten Harket joined the duo, and they left for the now \"legendary London flat\" (so called because of its state of disrepair) to make it. By late 1983 they had achieved part of that goal by signing to WEA. \"Take on Me\" took three times to become a hit in the U.K., eventually hitting number two in November 1985. Going one better in the U.S. mainly due to the wide exposure of its stunning video on MTV, which fused animation with real-life action, their only further hit there was \"The Sun Always Shines on T.V.\" which became a U.K. number one in early 1986, helping take the album Hunting High and Low to the Top Ten. [PAR] With a-ha's debut album mainly consisting of synth pop, the press were quick to dismiss them as a teeny bop sensation; however, there was more to the group than met the ear in Waaktaar's writing, and a more mature effort, Scoundrel Days, was released in October 1986. More focused, it had a stronger band feel thanks to its live drumming, displayed to great lengths on \"The Swing of Things and lead single \"I've Been Losing You\" -- a shock to critics at the time. Further striking imagery accompanied \"Cry Wolf.\" After a world tour, a-ha supplied the soundtrack to the James Bond flick The Living Daylights. A remix appeared on their third album, Stay on These Roads, in 1988. Considered lackluster, Stay on These Roads did feature some interesting lyrics in \"Blood That Moves the Body,\" regarding the over-intense affection the Japanese had for popular icons in their kamikaze-like suicides. On a lighter note, one of the famous quotes of this period came from Waaktaar: commenting on Def Leppard 's success with Hysteria, he scoffed that a-ha were more rock & roll! [PAR] In 1990, a-ha were commended by the Everly Brothers for their rendition of \"Crying in the Rain\" from their fourth album, East of the Sun, West of the Moon, which was largely ignored in the U.K. due to a shift in interests toward dance and the Manchester scene. The year 1993 heralded some much needed new blood in the U2 terrain of \"Dark Is the Night\" from the Memorial Beach album. Following the unfortunate lack of success following Memorial Beach, Furuholmen retreated into the art world while Waaktaar released the album Mary Is Coming with his new band Savoy. Seven years after the release of Memorial Beach, a-ha issued Minor Earth Major Sky in summer 2000. Released in 2002, Lifelines sold well in Europe and was followed by a lengthy tour, documented on the live album How Can I Sleep with Your Voice in My Head, which was released in 2003. [PAR] A year later a-ha celebrated their 20th anniversary by releasing Singles 1984-2004, a collection that would put them back on the U.K. Top 20 Albums chart. In July of 2005 the band performed in Berlin as part of the massive worldwide event Live8. In November they released the new album Analogue. It was supported by a worldwide tour that included gigs in Russia and a festival in Chile. In 2009, upon issuing their ninth studio album, Foot of the Mountain, a-ha announced that they would be retiring. However, they returned in 2015 with a new album,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] High Noon (1952) - IMDb High Noon (1952) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A marshall, personally compelled to face a returning deadly enemy, finds that his own town refuses to help him. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Carl Foreman (screenplay), John W. Cunningham (magazine story \"The Tin Star\") [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 18 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Search for \" High Noon \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 13 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] Fred Dobbs and Bob Curtin, two Americans searching for work in Mexico, convince an old prospector to help them mine for gold in the Sierra Madre Mountains. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A weary gunfighter attempts to settle down with a homestead family, but a smoldering settler/rancher conflict forces him to act. [PAR] Director: George Stevens [PAR] A group of people traveling on a stagecoach find their journey complicated by the threat of Geronimo and learn something about each other in the process. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] An ex-prize fighter turned longshoreman struggles to stand up to his corrupt union bosses. [PAR] Director: Elia Kazan [PAR] A woman is asked to spy on a group of Nazi friends in South America. How far will she have to go to ingratiate herself with them? [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A poor Midwest family is forced off of their land. They travel to California, suffering the misfortunes of the homeless in the Great Depression. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A religious fanatic marries a gullible widow whose young children are reluctant to tell him where their real daddy hid $10,000 he'd stolen in a robbery. [PAR] Director: Charles Laughton [PAR] Two Western bank/train robbers flee to Bolivia when the law gets too close. [PAR] Director: George Roy Hill [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] On the day he gets married and hangs up his badge, lawman Will Kane is told that a man he sent to prison years before, Frank Miller, is returning on the noon train to exact his revenge. Having initially decided to leave with his new spouse, Will"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zugspitze \u2013 Germany\u2019s highest peak Zugspitze \u2013 Germany\u2019s highest peak [PAR] Zugspitze \u2013 Germany\u2019s highest peak [PAR] Top of Germany! [PAR] So that is what it feels like to have Germany at your feet: At precisely 2,962 metres above sea level, the Zugspitze is the highest mountain in the country and home to three glaciers and Germany\u2019s highest ski resort. The 20 kilometres of pistes enjoy a deep covering of natural snow for skiing and boarding for six months of the year. [PAR] The Zugspitze is also an attractive destination for non-skiers: Right at the top, an impressive 360\u00b0 panorama opens up to reveal extensive views over 400 mountain peaks in four countries. The Zugspitze-Exhibition enhances visitors\u2019 awareness of the historical developments of Germany\u2019s most famous mountain. Two toboggan runs, Germany\u2019s highest church, an igloo village and excellent mountain restaurants are reason enough for smiling faces. Only while sunbathing on the inviting deckchairs may you find that your eyelids droop for a well-earned snooze. [PAR] Whether winter sports enthusiasts, nature lovers, romantics or sun worshippers: The mountain railways of Bayerische Zugspitzbahn make it possible for everyone to discover the snow covered Zugspitze from their own personal perspective. [PAR] Zugspitze Round Trip [PAR] Enjoy the complete mountain experience in comfort: Take the cog wheel train from Zugspitze station Garmisch-Partenkirchen to the idyllic Lake Eibsee. The ascent with the Eibsee cable car offers spectacular views down to the lake, before new horizons open up with a powerful panorama at the Zugspitze Peak. The Zugspitze Glacier at 2,600 metres is then accessed using the glacier lifts, before the rack and pinion railway comfortably transports you through the Zugspitze Tunnel and back to your original starting point. A well rounded trip! [PAR] Zugspitzbahn: 8.15 am - 4.30 pm [PAR] Gletscherbahn: 8.00 am - 4.25 pm [PAR] Eibsee-Seilbahn: 8.00 am - 4:45 pm [PAR] Hausbergbahn: 8.30 am - 4.15 pm [PAR] Alpspitzbahn: 8.30 am - 4.30 pm [PAR] Kreuzeckbahn 8.30 am - 4.15 pm [PAR] Wankbahn: 8.30 am - 4.30 pm[DOC] [TLE] Mountains in Germany | Germany Tourism and Travel by ... Mountains in Germany \u2013 Germany Tourism and Travel by Everything about Germany [PAR] Comments [PAR] Bavarian Forest Mountain Range [PAR] The Bavarian Forest (German: Bayerischer Wald) is a low mountain range in Bavaria, Germany. It extends along the Czech border and is continued on the Czech side by the Sumava (Bohemian Forest). Geographically the Bavarian Forest and Bohemian Forest are the same mountain range. [PAR] The highest mountain is the Gro\u00dfer Arber \u201cGreat Arber\u201d, 1456 m. The main river is the Regen, which is formed by the conjunction of White Regen and Black Regen and leaves the mountains toward the city of Regensburg. [PAR] Part of the Bavarian Forest is occupied by the Bavarian Forest National Park (240 km\u00b2). Founded in 1970 and was the first national park in Germany. [PAR] Black Forest Mountain Range [PAR] The Black Forest (Schwarzwald) is a wooded mountain range in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 meters (4,898 feet). The name Black Forest comes from the general dark color of the numerous pine trees that grow in this region. The Black Forest gateau originated from this region. [PAR] Geography \u2013 Geologically, the Black Forest consists of a cover of sandstone on top of a core of gneiss. During the last ice age, the W\u00fcrm glaciation, the Black Forest was covered by glaciers; several cirques such as the Mummelsee are remains of this period. [PAR] Rivers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lowest Places Below Sea Level on Each Continent The Lowest Places Below Sea Level on Each Continent [PAR] The Lowest Places Below Sea Level on Each Continent [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] What I Learned About Today [PAR] You might also enjoy: [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Lowest Point in the World (and Asia) [PAR] Dead Sea shore, Israel-Jordan: 1369 feet / 417.5 meters below sea level [PAR] Lowest Point in Africa [PAR] Lake Assal, Djibouti: 512 feet / 156 meters below sea level [PAR] Lowest Point in Australia [PAR] Lake Eyre: 52 feet / 12 meters below sea level [PAR] Lowest Point in Europe [PAR] Caspian Sea shore, Russia-Iran-Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan: 92 feet / 28 meters below sea level [PAR] Lowest Point in Western Europe [PAR] Tie: Lemmefjord, Denmark and Prins Alexander Polder, Netherlands: 23 feet / 7 meters below sea level [PAR] Lowest Point in North America [PAR] Death Valley , California: 282 feet / 86 meters below sea level [PAR] Lowest Point in South America [PAR] Laguna del Carbon (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz): 344 feet / 105 meters below sea level [PAR] Lowest Point in Antarctica [PAR] The Bentley Subglacial Trench is approximately 2540 meters (8,333 feet) below sea level but is covered with ice; if Antarctica's ice were to melt, exposing the trench, it would be covered by sea so it is a quasi-lowest point and if one ignores the reality of the ice, it is the lowest point \"on land\" on the earth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On This Day: First Highway Code published - Yahoo News UK On This Day: First Highway Code published [PAR] On This Day: First Highway Code published [PAR] Julian Gavaghan [PAR] On This Day: First Highway Code published [PAR] More [PAR] APRIL 14, 1931: The Highway Code was first published on this day in 1931 in a bid to help cut the road deaths and foster better driving in Britain. [PAR] The rulebook, which then included a section on horses, quickly become one of the most popular works of non-fiction and a million copies are now sold annually. [PAR] The guide, introduced four years before driving tests were introduced, is essential reading for anyone learning to drive. [PAR] The Government-published book has become an even more important since the introduction of the theory test in 1996. [PAR] [Drunk female motorist banned after driving wrong way up M5 for four MILES] [PAR] The Highway Code is credited for helping to cut road deaths from 7,000 a year in 1931 to an all-time low of 1,754 in 2012 despite a massive increase in vehicles. [PAR] Bizarrely, this road traffic bible was the brainchild of leading aeronautical Mervyn O\u2019Gorman, who later joined the Royal Automobile Club\u2019s motoring committee. [PAR] Driving then was a very a very different affair from the often gridlocked tedium of today. [PAR] It was seen as a glamorous activity, with only the upper and middle classes rich enough to enjoy gloriously open roads. [PAR] Yet, with 2.3million cars on the road and rising, it was felt that something needed to be done to ensure the death rate did not increase at the same pace. [PAR] O\u2019Gorman conceived a simple code of essential do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for all drivers and the Government took up the idea and published the first 18-page edition for a penny. [PAR] Much of the 1931 Highway Code was devoted to hand signals, which were vital in the days before indicators became universal. [PAR] View photos [PAR] [Female driver makes miraculous escape after giant shipping container CRUSHES car roof] [PAR] It included the signal for stopping: \u201cExtend the right arm with the palm of the hand turned downwards and move the arm slowly up and down, keeping the wrist loose.\u201d [PAR] There was advice for users of horse-drawn vehicles on how to rotate a whip above your head to indicate which direction the vehicle was about to turn. [PAR] The guide continued to evolve \u2013 with an increase in pages \u2013 as technology and attitudes to driving changed and new rules and signs were introduced. [PAR] The next edition of the code was introduced by the new Labour government in 1946, despite petrol rationing still being in force. [PAR] In a public information trailer for the guide, found in the British Path\u00e9 online archive, the Ministry of Transport equated the publication as being as important for public safety as the 1929 discovery of penicillin. [PAR] This second edition listed just 15 road signs, of which only two are still in use, compared to around 170 in the current edition, which costs \u00a32.50 and is nearly 100 pages long. [PAR] Stopping distances made their appearance in the 1950s, with the same guidance - 40ft at 20mph, 75ft at 30mph and so on \u2013 in the latest edition despite advances in braking technology. [PAR] Later that decade, the new colour versions included advice on driving on the new motorways. [PAR] The 1978 edition introduced the Green Cross Code for pedestrians and a section on vehicle security, prompted by soaring car theft rates. [PAR] The latest 2010 edition"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em (TV Series 1973\u20131978) - IMDb Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em (TV Series 1973\u20131978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em [PAR] 30min [PAR] Accident-prone Frank Spencer fails to navigate the simplest tasks of daily life, while also trying to look after his wife and baby. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Frank boards the train for his second honeymoon -the first time he landed in the wrong town. At the hotel, things start go really wrong when he tries to push the single beds together, gradually ... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] The Spencers are moving, as the council sees no other hope for the house Frank has been wrecking with his 'repairs' for years, as dramatically proven when they leave. Betty drives too fast, so the ... [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] Because Frank passed out in the only fatherhood class he attended, after one minute of the 'dirty film', Betty takes him along to a cousin's daughters, who only enjoy his inadvertent monkey-business,... [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 27 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2014 [PAR] Title: Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em (1973\u20131978) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Classic 1960s British comedy series about a middle aged man and his elderly father who run an unsuccessful 'rag and bone' business (collecting and selling junk). Harold (the son) wants to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Wilfrid Brambell, Harry H. Corbett, Frank Thornton [PAR] Victor Meldrew is a retiree who attracts bad luck. If he's not driving his long suffering wife Margeret crazy with his constant moaning, he's fighting with neighbors. [PAR] Stars: Richard Wilson, Annette Crosbie, Doreen Mantle [PAR] Arkwright is a tight-fisted shop owner in Doncaster, who will stop at nothing to keep his profits high and his overheads low, even if this means harassing his nephew Granville. Arkwright's ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, David Jason, Lynda Baron [PAR] Popular sitcom set in a seedy bedsit lorded over by the mean, vain, boastful, cowardly landlord Rigsby. In each episode, his conceits are debunked by his long suffering tenants. [PAR] Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Don Warrington, Frances de la Tour [PAR] The prison life of Fletcher, a criminal serving a five-year sentence, as he strives to bide his time, keep his record clean, and refuses to be ground down by the prison system. [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, Brian Wilde, Fulton Mackay [PAR] Long running BBC comedy show consisting of sketches and humourous musical routines involving the large Ronnie Barker and the small Ronnie Corbett. Most sketches involved both men, but ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, Ronnie Corbett, The Fred Tomlinson Singers [PAR] Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army to discover that Bob is about to marry his girlfriend Thelma. Can Thelma lead... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth I - The Blackadder Wiki - Wikia Queen Elizabeth I | The Blackadder Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Miranda Richardson [PAR] Queen Elizabeth I of England, affectionately known as Queenie, is a main character in Blackadder II . She is based on the historical Queen Elizabeth I of England . Queenie appears in all episodes of Blackadder II, and makes an appearance in Blackadder: Back & Forth . She is childish and silly, but possesses a fiery temper. [PAR] Personality [PAR] Edit [PAR] Queenie has the mannerisms of a spoilt schoolgirl who just happened to possess the kind of casual, autocratic power that could have someone put to death if their nose is prettier than hers - a power which she revels in. \"Queenie\" readily threatens her courtiers with execution if they do not do as she wishes (or even just on a whim). As her fancies are usually based on a fleeting whim, her courtiers, toadies, and favourites are frequently kept on their toes when trying to please (or, just as often, not upset) her. Queenie's immature behaviour is expressed in her desire to \"get squiffy and seduce nobles\" (and force presents off them on pain of death). A naughty schoolgirl at heart, Queenie loves to party, play games and get drunk. If anyone fails to laugh at her jokes, they risk execution, but, to her followers' bemusement and frustration, she sometimes tires of their toadying and welcomes a more cynical approach. [PAR] The Queen always holds court in the company of her deranged former nurse, Nursie and the obsequious Lord Melchett . She commands Blackadder to carry out a variety of tasks, some important (such as appointing Blackadder as the Lord High Executioner in \" Head \") and some petty (such as repeatedly summoning Blackadder to her only for it to turn out as a childish practical joke designed to extract money from him in \" Money \"). The only times she is seen out of her palace are to visit a prisoner up for execution and to sneak into Blackadder's \"boys' party\", the latter resulting in her getting drunk then forgetting what she was going to do, which was execute everyone at the party. The Queen demonstrates feelings for Blackadder that, on occasion, the audience is given cause to believe may border on something deeper than casual flirting. For instance, she is somewhat jealous upon learning that Blackadder intends to marry Kate, feeling better only when he mentions that her nose is prettier than Kate's (threatening to cut it off if it was, and forcing Blackadder to \"marry someone without a nose\".) Furthermore, on one occasion, she declares that she is keen on him, and on another, she declares that she would like to marry him.[DOC] [TLE] Actresses Who Have Played Queen Elizabeth I - FemaleFirst Actresses Who Have Played Queen Elizabeth I [PAR] Actresses Who Have Played Queen Elizabeth I [PAR] 6 March 2012 [PAR] Vanessa Redgrave in Anonymous [PAR] Queen Elizabeth I has been a historical figures of great interest when it comes to movies - with a whole host of actresses playing the monarch over the years. [PAR] This week sees mother and daughter Vanessa Redgrave & Joely Richardson both play Elizabeth I in Roland Emmerich's Anonymous. [PAR] So to celebrate the release of the DVD we take a look some of the actresses who have taken on this role: [PAR] - A generation of comedy fans grew up with Miranda Richardson in mind whenever they thought of Queen Elizabeth I, though her portrayal of the Virgin Queen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leonard Rossiter TV Show/Series Credits - Ranker Leonard Rossiter: TV Shows Starring Leonard Rossiter (5 Items) [PAR] List Photo: Freebase /Fair use [PAR] Z [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed [PAR] 1 [PAR] BBC-3 Leonard Rossiter, Bill Oddie, Alan Bennett BBC-3 was a BBC television programme, devised and produced by Ned Sherrin and hosted by Robert Robinson, which aired for twenty-four hour-long editions during the winter of 1965\u20131966. It was the third [PAR] ; [PAR] Death is a Good Living Leonard Rossiter, Geoffrey Toone [PAR] 3 [PAR] Rising Damp Leonard Rossiter, Frances de la Tour, Richard Beckinsale Rising Damp is a British sitcom produced by Yorkshire Television for ITV. ITV originally broadcast the programme from 1974 until 1978. It was adapted for television by Eric Chappell from his [PAR] ; [PAR] 4 [PAR] The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin Leonard Rossiter, Geoffrey Palmer, Sue Nicholls The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin is a series of novels that developed into a British sitcom starring Leonard Rossiter in the title role. Both the books and television series were written by David [PAR] ; [PAR] 5 [PAR] The Losers Alfred Molina, Leonard Rossiter, Joe Gladwin The Losers is a British sitcom that aired on ITV in 1978. Written by Alan Coren, it stars Leonard Rossiter and Alfred Molina. The Losers was made for ITV by ATV and was produced and directed by Joe [PAR] ; [PAR] 6 [PAR] The Year of the Sex Olympics Brian Cox, Leonard Rossiter, Martin Potter The Year of the Sex Olympics is a 1968 television play made by the BBC and first broadcast on BBC2 as part of Theatre 625. It stars Leonard Rossiter, Tony Vogel, Suzanne Neve and Brian Cox. It was [PAR] ; [PAR] 7 [PAR] Tripper's Day Leonard Rossiter, Andrew Paul, Liz Crowther Tripper's Day is a British television sitcom produced by Thames Television for ITV. The plot involved Leonard Rossiter as Norman Tripper, a Northern manager assigned to a London supermarket with a [PAR] ;[DOC] [TLE] Leonard Rossiter - Filmbug Leonard Rossiter - Filmbug [PAR] Leonard Rossiter [PAR] [PAR] Leonard Rossiter [PAR] Leonard Rossiter was an English actor, most widely known for his comedy roles in two British television series in the 1970s and 80s. [PAR] Rossiter broke into film roles with Billy Liar in which he plays the title character's boss. This brief role fixed him with audiences as an often flawed and inflexible authority figure. [PAR] In Rising Damp he played Rigsby, the lecherous landlord of a house converted to a block of seedy bedsits. Another famous role was in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin, adapted by David Nobbs from his own Reginald Perrin comic novels, in which he played the title character. [PAR] In the 1970s he starred alongside Joan Collins as her bumbling suitor in a series of Cinzano commercials, in which somehow the drink would be spilled down the female character's dress. [PAR] In the animated adaptation of The Perishers he provided the voice for Boot the dog. His last TV role was that of the eponymous supermarket manager in Tripper's Day, an ITV sitcom which was not up to the standards of the shows he had previously adorned. [PAR] He also played the title role in the short film Le Petomane, but Rossiter's most widely-seen appearance may be his brief turn as the Russian scientist Smyslov in Stanley Kubrick 's 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Rossiter went on to play the memorable part of Captain John Quinn in Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (1975) and also appeared in Water. [PAR] Rossiter died of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rising Damp - what time is it on TV? Episode 6 Series 4 ... Rising Damp - what time is it on TV? Episode 6 Series 4 cast list and preview. [PAR] Rising Damp [PAR] S4-E6 Come on in the Water's Lovely [PAR] Watchlist [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Summary [PAR] Rigsby's divorce finally comes through, and he wastes no time in proposing to Miss Jones - but makes the mistake of asking his low-life brother Ron to be best man. Final episode of Eric Chappell's classic comedy, which finally reveals Rigsby's Christian name. Leonard Rossiter stars. Last in the series. [PAR] Cast & Crew [PAR] Miss Ruth Jones Frances de la Tour [PAR] Philip Smith Don Warrington"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Young Ones (TV Series 1982\u20131984) - Plot Summary - IMDb The Young Ones (TV Series 1982\u20131984) - Plot Summary - IMDb [PAR] - Written by Alexander Lum <aj_lum@postoffice.utas.edu.au> [PAR] Vivian, Rick, Mike and Neil are four college students who share a house in North London: Vivian is a violent punk who smashes everything to pieces, Rick is a political fan of Cliff Richards, Mike is the serious and bossy cool person and Neil is the depressed hippie who does most of the cooking and cleaning in the house and his only desire is to commit suicide. Vivian, Rick, Mike and Neil's pay their rent to their Russian landlord Jerzey Bolowski and his various family members. The world of \"The Young Ones\" is surreal, hilarious and violent as the show also interacts with other characters in \"The Young Ones\" world and features live performances from bands.[DOC] [TLE] The Young Ones (Series) - TV Tropes The Young Ones (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] The Young Ones [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Timeline [PAR] L to R: (P)Rick , Mikenote the cool person, Neil Pye and Vyvyan Basterd. [PAR] \"What's the difference? There'll be plenty of chicks for these tigers on the road to the promised land. This is it. It's really happening. Who needs qualifications? Who cares about Thatcher and unemployment? We can do just exactly whatever we want to do. And you know why? Because we're Young Ones . Bachelor boys. Crazy, mad, wild-eyed, big-bottomed anarchists.\" [PAR] \u2014 Rick, moments before everyone dies . [PAR] A demented British comedy about four impoverished nutcases sharing a squalid student house. Episodes were rambling and unstructured, frequently wandering off to unrelated comedy skits or musical numbers. Surreal and/or incomprehensible jokes were aplenty, frequently making light of the acrimonious political climate of 1980s Britain, and violent slapstick abounded. The action would often and suddenly shift into animation, claymation or some form of puppetry . Bands often appeared on the show to perform, usually completely at random (as a financial device, as the inclusion of music performances got the show classified as variety instead of light entertainment, thereby earning a higher budget). Numerous episodes ended with everybody dying . [PAR] So basically, it's La Boh\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdme meets The Three Stooges set in the early 1980s . The show lasted two seasons, for a total of 12 episodes . [PAR] The main characters were: [PAR] Rick ( Rik Mayall ): The hypocritical, Cliff Richard-loving lefty activist who was convinced that he was a Marxist rebel, a poetic genius, the voice of an entire generation and the most well-liked and attractive member of the household; he was spectacularly wrong on all counts ; [PAR] Vyvyan (Adrian Edmondson): The psychotic but strangely child-like punk who couldn't go an entire episode without destroying something \u2014 or, usually, several somethings; [PAR] Neil (Nigel Planer): The whining, put-upon and suicidal hippie who acted as the dogsbody for the entire house and is convinced (accurately) that no one likes him and everyone is out to get him; [PAR] Mike (Christopher Ryan): The Charmer of the flat; a smooth, flash and mysterious con-artist who tried it on with every girl he came across, still waiting for it to actually work; [PAR] The Balowski Family (Alexei Sayle): An entire family all played (on separate occasions) by one man; various Balowskis of varying degrees of sanity appeared, but the most common was the boys' Russian-emigre landlord Jerzei. [PAR] The running gag of Sayle playing a Balowski was dropped in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Fawlty Towers\" The Kipper and the Corpse (TV Episode 1979) \"Fawlty Towers\" The Kipper and the Corpse (TV Episode 1979) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Kipper and the Corpse [PAR] TV-PG | [PAR] One of the guests has died in his sleep, but Basil thinks it's due to serving him spoiled food. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $1.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 1715 titles [PAR] created 27 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 1894 titles [PAR] created 11 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 10 titles [PAR] created 26 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 295 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2015 [PAR] Title: The Kipper and the Corpse (12 Mar 1979) [PAR] 9.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] One of the hotel's guests dies in his sleep but Basil doesn't really notice and just goes about his business, delivering the man's breakfast to his room and then complaining that he was rude and didn't thank him. Polly soon realizes he is dead and Sybil asks another guest, Dr. Price, to attend to the situation. Basil thinks the out of date kippers were the cause, but he's been dead most of the night. Pandemonium sets in when they try to remove the body without any of the guests knowing what has happened. It doesn't quite go as planned. Written by garykmcd [PAR] 12 March 1979 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The hotel guest who was seen blowing up a sex doll in his room was named after a newspaper critic who disliked the series. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When the corpse's arm falls out of the closet, the actor turns his obviously alive hand over. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Mrs. Chase : [Manuel is checking the window for a draft that is disturbing Mrs. Chase's dog] We have to be very careful, Mr. Fawlty. He's not very strong. [PAR] Basil Fawlty : Indeed, yes. A rapid movement of air could damage him irreparably! If, um, if only one could keep him in air-tight containers. [PAR] (United States) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Fawlty Towers was notorious for rotten customer service, and this episode is a dissertation on it. It complements \"Waldorf Salad\" and \"Basil the Rat\" (the final episode) quite well - this time, dead bodies with a subplot involving ill-prepared kippers (and sausages) are brought into the mix. A group of executives drop off Mr. Leeman at the hotel - he dies during the night, but the hotel staff think it's a result of food poisoning of that morning's breakfast. Painstaking efforts are made by Basil, Manuel, and Polly to hide the body - carting the corpse up and down stairs, eventually depositing it first in one of the closets in a guest room and then in the kitchen. As Andrew Sachs has mentioned, they cast the Leeman character with a small man (Derek Royle) so as to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV Series 1997\u20132003) - IMDb Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV Series 1997\u20132003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A young woman is forced to fulfill her destiny of fighting vampires and demons with the help of her friends all the while struggling to live a normal teenage life of heart break and drama. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Sunnydale is alive with the sound of music as a mysterious force causes everyone in town to burst into full musical numbers, revealing their innermost secrets as they do. But some townsfolk are ... [PAR] 9.8 [PAR] A group of murderous creatures straight out of a fairytale steal the voices of Sunnydale. [PAR] 9.7 [PAR] Buffy, Dawn, and their friends deal with the aftermath of Joyce's death. [PAR] 9.7 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 04 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 07 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 25 Nov 2015 [PAR] Title: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20132003) [PAR] 8.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 52 wins & 128 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The vampire Angel, cursed with a soul, moves to Los Angeles and aids people with supernatural-related problems while questing for his own redemption. [PAR] Stars: David Boreanaz, Charisma Carpenter, Alexis Denisof [PAR] Three sisters discover their destiny - to battle against the forces of evil, using their witchcraft. They are the Charmed Ones. [PAR] Stars: Holly Marie Combs, Alyssa Milano, Brian Krause [PAR] Xena, a mighty Warrior Princess with a dark past, sets out to redeem herself. She is joined by small town bard, Gabrielle. Together they journey the ancient world and fight for the greater good against ruthless Warlords and Gods. [PAR] Stars: Lucy Lawless, Ren\u00e9e O'Connor, Ted Raimi [PAR] A group of genetically-enhanced children escape from a lab project. Years later we meet Max, one of the escapees who now works for a messenger service in the post-apocalyptic Pacific Northwest. [PAR] Stars: Jessica Alba, Michael Weatherly, Richard Gunn [PAR] A futuristic laboratory assigns different tasks to its various residents, who then have their memories erased upon the completion of their assignments. [PAR] Stars: Eliza Dushku, Harry Lennix, Fran Kranz [PAR] A flighty teenage girl learns that she is her generation's destined battler of vampires. [PAR] Director: Fran Rubel Kuzui [PAR] Telepathic waitress Sookie Stackhouse encounters a strange new supernatural world when she meets the mysterious Bill, a southern Louisiana gentleman and vampire. [PAR] Stars: Anna Paquin, Stephen Moyer, Sam Trammell [PAR] The lives of three young alien/human hybrids with extraordinary gifts in Roswell. [PAR] Stars: Shiri Appleby, Jason Behr, Katherine Heigl [PAR] A young Clark Kent struggles to find his place in the world as he learns to harness his alien powers for good and deals with the typical troubles of teenage life in Smallville. [PAR] Stars: Tom Welling, Michael Rosenbaum, Allison Mack [PAR] A university graduate working in the city morgue is able to repeat the same day over again to prevent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About iPhone, iPad, and iPod accessories - Apple Support About iPhone, iPad, and iPod accessories - Apple Support [PAR] Shopping Bag [PAR] About iPhone, iPad, and iPod accessories [PAR] iPhone and iPad use the same dock connector as the iPod, so properly designed accessories can be used with either iPhone, iPad, or iPod. [PAR] While there are thousands of accessories that have been designed specifically for iPod, not all of these are fully compatible with every device. This article outlines the different categories of iPhone, iPod, and iPad accessories, and provides information on troubleshooting accessory and reception issues. [PAR] To ensure the best possible experience, Apple has created special compatibility requirements for accessory manufacturers. Products that are engineered and certified to be compatible have a \"Made for\" label on their package. To ensure compatibility when purchasing third-party accessories for use with your device, look for accessories that are authorized to use the \"Made for\" label associated with your device (see below). [PAR] \"Made for iPod\" means that an electronic accessory has been designed to connect specifically to iPod and has been certified by the developer to meet Apple performance standards. [PAR] \"Made for iPhone\" means that an electronic accessory has been designed to connect specifically to iPhone and has been certified by the developer to meet Apple performance standards. [PAR] \"Made for iPad\" means that an electronic accessory has been designed to connect specifically to iPad and has been certified by the developer to meet Apple performance standards. [PAR] \"Made for iPod/iPhone/iPad\" means that an electronic accessory has been designed to connect to iPhone, iPad, and iPod models and has been certified by the developer to meet Apple performance standards. [PAR] Troubleshooting reception and interference issues [PAR] When using many existing iPod accessories that have the \"Made for iPod\" label with an iPhone, there is a potential for audio interference. When you connect iPhone to one of these accessories, the iPhone may alert you that the accessory was not optimized for the iPhone. To continue using the accessory while avoiding potential interference issues, you may turn on Airplane Mode, which will disable the wireless features of iPhone. [PAR] Note: While in Airplane Mode, you will not be able to make or receive calls or use certain features that require wireless communication. For more information about Airplane mode, see this article . [PAR] In addition, certain accessories may affect iPhone wireless performance. Reorienting or relocating iPhone and the connected accessory may improve wireless performance. [PAR] If interference or reception issues persist, contact the accessory manufacturer to verify which iPhone models the accessory supports. [PAR] For more information on accessory troubleshooting, see this article . [PAR] Information about products not manufactured by Apple, or independent websites not controlled or tested by Apple, is provided without recommendation or endorsement. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the selection, performance, or use of third-party websites or products. Apple makes no representations regarding third-party website accuracy or reliability. Risks are inherent in the use of the Internet. Contact the vendor for additional information. Other company and product names may be trademarks of their respective owners. [PAR] Published Date:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Distinguish Horse Color by Name: 4 Steps - wikiHow How to Distinguish Horse Color by Name: 4 Steps (with Pictures) [PAR] How to Distinguish Horse Color by Name [PAR] Community Q&A [PAR] Have you ever seen a horse or pony being ridden and wondered why the rider picked that colored horse? Have you ever seen a horse that looked pretty, but you didn't know the color of the horse? Horse colors are generally easy but some are quite hard. Here is an easy way to tell what color a horse is. [PAR] Steps [PAR] Learn some basic terminology: [PAR] Points: This is referring to the the ears, lower legs, and mane and tail. [PAR] Mane: The longer hairs growing along the ridge of a horse's neck, from between the ears to the base of the withers. [PAR] Tail: The long hairs growing from the tailbone. [PAR] White leg markings: These are situated on the leg regions and include the coronet band (very close to the hoof), white heel (very close to the heel, but situated near the caudal wall), sock (comes right above the pastern), half stocking (comes halfway between the pastern and knee), stocking (touches or above the knee), irregular stocking (stocking that only part of it is above the knee and the other is below it), ermine spots (irregular dark patches near the hoof inside white markings), and pastern (comes just to the pastern). [PAR] Facial markings: These are situated on the head and forehead and include: [PAR] Star (little mark on forehead) [PAR] Snip (little mark on muzzle) [PAR] Blaze (Wide stripe of white down the front of the face) [PAR] Stripe (Very thin stripe of white down the front of the face) [PAR] Bald/white face (Very wide blaze that goes includes the horses eyes) [PAR] Eye colours: To help tell the different colours apart, though not common, these names may appear: Eye wall, blue eye, teal eye, glass eye, white sclera. Horses can have blue, brown, green, hazel, gold, and red eyes. [PAR] Other important features of a horse's colour include: Spots, patches, predominant and base coat. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Learn the next features. Within each subcategory, there are mixtures and variations. Here are some colours and distinguishing points. [PAR] Bay: Various shades of brown body colour with black points. There are many types of bay; light bay (the brown is of a light shade), blood bay (the brown has a very deep red tone), mahogany bay (where the brown has a dark purple tinge, usually sooty and more brown), standard bay (where the brown is \"flat\", no red tinge), golden bay (where the base coat takes on a yellow color), and primitive or \"wild\" bay (the black markings are faint, and the horse usually has obvious dangerous characteristics). [PAR] Chestnut or Sorrel: Chestnut or sorrel is defined as a horse with no black hairs. Chestnut is a dark red horse. Very dark chestnuts are called liver chestnuts. Sorrels are more brightly colored, with a lighter coat color. For either, the mane/tail should be the same color as the body. Either color with flaxen mane and tails should have \"Flaxen\" put in front of the name. Sorrels are often flaxen. [PAR] Liver chestnut: They are a dark chestnut red-brown colour, appearing to have black in their coat - but they do not. The individual hairs are just very dark red. These horses can also have a flaxen or taffy mane and tail. [PAR] Black: There is no other color on the horse except black; all points and hairs are black (except for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Girdle of Venus - Inner Path The Girdle of Venus [PAR] The Girdle of Venus [PAR] There is a group of small lines, known as Minor lines, which do not appear in every hand, but which occur often enough in the same lcations to take them out of the class called chance lines, and to form them into a division by themselves. As a rule these Minor lines are not of great importance, often having only a single interpretation, but they are reliable as far as they go. The first of the Minor lines is the Girdle of Venus. [PAR] [PAR] Course [PAR] Rises between the fingers of Jupiter and Saturn and runs across the Mounts of Saturn and Apollo, ending between the fingers of Apollo and Mercury (523). [PAR] The Girdle of Venus does not always run exactly over this path, but sometimes rises on the Mount of Jupiter and runs over onto the Mount of Mercury, sometimes ending on the percussion. [PAR] It is, in part, as sister line to the Heart line, and in some hands, when the Heart line is absent, takes the place of that line. Older palmists conceived the idea that when they saw this line in a land which had also a strong Heart line, that being virtually a sister line to the Heart line, it indicated a double supply of heart qualities. This was not meant in a physical sense, but as regard the affections, and for this reason the line was named by them the Girdle of Venus, meaning the Girdle of Love. As this reading of the line was first made in thee days when love meant license, the interpretation was attached to it that anyone with such a abundant supply of affections would seek occasion to lavish them, and the Girdle of Venus became the synonym of license, profligacy, debauchery, and was considered the mark of unchastity and abandonment. Through all the writings on Palmistry this interpretation has been largely adhered to, often with evident misgivings on the part of some writiers, who have frankly stated that they were at a loss for an explanation of this line. Some few have doubted its accuracy, and many practitioners have abandoned its use entirely, because they could not reconcile its accepted interpretation to the lives of the subjects they encountered, and many embarrassing errors were occasioned by the use of the line. To arrive at a correct solution of this much vexed question, we have only to apply our general hypothesis, and to adapt the line to the subject, not the subject to the line. Also to remember that this is the twentieth century, instead of 400 B.C., when the original reading was given, and that conditions today are different from those prevailing at that time. [PAR] From an exhaustive study of the Girdle of Venus, I have found that it does not as a rule indicate debauchery and license, but that it nearly always does indicate an intense state of nervousness, and in a large majority of cases great liability to hysteria. In a large percentage of hands in which this Girdle of Venus is found, the palm will be crossed by innumerable lines running in every direction. This by itself is sufficient ground for pronouncing the subject intensely nervous, but with the addition of a Girdle of Venus there is an increased degree of nervous excitability. [PAR] In seeking the rational of the line remember that the Vital Current enters through the finger of Jupiter, runs down the Life line, goes to the brain, and, returning,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Chaplin on Pinterest | Modern Times, Gold Rush and ... 1000+ images about Charlie Chaplin on Pinterest | Classic, Events and The great [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] Charlie Chaplin [PAR] 102 Pins2.22k Followers [PAR] Sir Charles Spencer \"Charlie\" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 \u2013 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlotte Church Biography (Singer) - Infoplease Charlotte Church Biography (Singer) [PAR] Birthplace: Llandaff, Wales [PAR] Best known as: Welsh opera-pop sensation who did Voice Of An Angel [PAR] Welsh soprano Charlotte Church got her start as a classical singer whose pop-audience appeal made her a millionaire by the time she was 14 years old. Church was signed to a record deal at age 12, after being noticed during an impromptu performance on a local TV talent show. Her debut album, The Voice Of An Angel, was released in 1998 and became a hit on the classical charts. Church then released albums (including 1999's Charlotte Church and 2001's Enchantment), performed internationally and made numerous appearances on television, both in the United Kingdom and the United States. Although known primarily as an opera singer, she also sang songs from Broadway musicals and other popular tunes. One of her best-known songs is \"Just Wave Hello,\" a hit single that was from a television commercial for the Ford Motor Company. As Church emerged from her young teen years, she recorded the pop album Tissues and Issues (2005), and her new all-grown-up persona -- liquor, tobacco and profanity -- made her a favorite of the gossip sheets. By 2007 she was into the second season of BBC variety show (The Charlotte Church Show) and expecting her first child with Welsh rugby player Gavin Henson. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Her song \u201cThe Prayer\u201d is a duet with singer Josh Groban \u2026 She began dating rugby star Henson in 2005. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which are the most borrowed library books in the UK? Which are the most borrowed library books in the UK? [PAR] Which are the most borrowed library books in the UK? [PAR] Five children\u2019s authors among the top 10 most borrowed authors in UK libraries [PAR] 5 February 2016 \u2022 6:54am [PAR] [PAR] The importance of libraries to national literacy was underlined again today with the news that five children's authors \u2013 Julia Donaldson, Daisy Meadows, Francesca Simon, Jacqueline Wilson and the collective who write under the pen name Adam Blade \u2013 are among the Top 10 most borrowed authors in UK libraries, according to figures from the latest annual data released today by Public Lending Right . [PAR] The survey, released on the eve of National Libraries Day, covers 2014-15 and shows again the dominance of thriller writer James Patterson, who topped the chart for the most borrowed author for the ninth year running, and crime writers such as Lee Child. It was also the first year that payments were made for audio books. Here are 10 things we learned from the findings: [PAR] [PAR] 1: JAMES PATTERSON IS LIBRARY KING [PAR] The man who has churned out more than 300 novels (or paid other writers to do so, having given them a \"detailed outline\") released 15 books in 2014 alone. The popularity of his thriller novels remains undimmed. James Patterson is still the most borrowed author and has four books - Invisible, Unlucky 13, NYPD Red and Burn Century - in the top 20 most borrowed titles. He is also the author with the most appearances in the Top 100 most borrowed titles list, with 10. However, although overseas authors such as Patterson and Lee Child are included in the loans figures, they aren\u2019t eligible for PLR payments. The 202 authors who receive the maximum capped \u00a36,600 are all from the UK. [PAR] Overall, crime fiction and thrillers are hugely popular, with UK library borrowers. Nine of the Top 10 most borrowed books belong to this genre. This include two titles by the most borrowed author, James Patterson Credit: Rex Features/Telegraph [PAR] [PAR] 2: ROALD DAHL 1 SHAKESPEARE 0 [PAR] Shakespeare came in only 10th in the list of most borrowed classic authors. Roald Dahl was top, with Enid Blyton second and Agatha Christie third. Shakespeare, whose 400th anniversary is being celebrated this year, was also beaten by Charles Dickens, PG Wodehouse and JRR Tolkien. Things weren't all Bard for Shakespeare: he did at least beat Jane Austen (11th). And sneaking in at 20th place was Nevil Shute, the not-forgotten-it-seems author of the 1950 classic A Town Like Alice. [PAR] Charles Dickens: his best characters in pictures [PAR] 3: AUDIO WAS GOOD FOR JEFF HARDING [PAR] This year\u2019s PLR payments include, for the very first time, loans of audiobooks that were made by public libraries in 2014-15. JK Rowling\u2019s Harry Potter titles occupied the second and third most loaned slots but the most borrowed audiobook was Lesley Pearse's Without a Trace, read by Emma Powell. Few of you may remember Jeff Harding's acting performance in Father Ted (he played an American priest called Buzz Cagney) but many of us it seems know and like his voice reading books. He was the king of the 109 narrators who registered with the PLR (more should, as there are now more than 16,000 audiobooks in UK libraries). Harding registered more than 650 titles including The Bone Collector, by Jeffery Deaver, and Kane and Abel by Jeffrey Archer. His 20% narrator\u2019s share in these titles will earn him more than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Columbus Day in the United States - timeanddate.com Columbus Day in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Columbus Day [PAR] Columbus Day in the United States [PAR] Columbus Day, which is on the second Monday of October, remembers Christopher Columbus' arrival to the Americas on October 12, 1492. This holiday is controversial because the European settlement in the Americas led to the demise of the history and culture of the indigenous peoples. [PAR] Statue of Christopher Columbus [PAR] The Christopher Columbus monument in Barcelona, Spain. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Lya_Cattel [PAR] Observe Columbus Day [PAR] Some Americans celebrate the anniversary of the discovery of their country with church services and other activities. In some towns and cities, special church services, parades and large events are held. Many celebrations happen in the Italian-American community. The celebrations in New York and San Francisco are particularly noteworthy. In Hawaii Columbus Day is celebrated as Discoverers' Day, but it is not a state holiday. [PAR] Many states now celebrate Native Americans' Day/Indigenous People's Day instead of Columbus Day. [PAR] What\u2019s Open or Closed? [PAR] Columbus day is a public holiday in many parts of the United states, but is not a day off in some states. Some government offices are closed because Columbus Day is still a federal government holiday. The day is a legal observance in states like Florida. [PAR] Many businesses and shops are open in states that don't have Columbus Day as a public holiday. Schools are not required to close but check with your school district or school calendar on Columbus Day school holiday closures. The same goes for post offices - check with your local post office. [PAR] About Columbus Day [PAR] Christopher Columbus is often portrayed as the first European to sail to the Americas. He is sometimes portrayed as the discoverer of the New World. However, this is controversial on many counts. There is evidence that the first Europeans to sail across the Atlantic were Viking explorers from Scandinavia. In addition, the land was already populated by indigenous peoples, who had 'discovered' the Americas thousands of years before. [PAR] Columbus Day originated as a celebration of Italian-American heritage and was first held in San Francisco in 1869. The first state-wide celebration was held in Colorado in 1907. In 1937, Columbus Day become a holiday across the United States. Since 1971, it has been celebrated on the second Monday in October. The date on which Columbus arrived in the Americas is also celebrated as the D\u00c3\u00ada de la Raza (Day of the Race) in Latin America and some Latino communities in the USA. However, it is a controversial holiday in some countries and has been re-named in others. [PAR] Columbus Day celebrations are controversial because the settlement of Europeans in the Americas led to the deaths of a very large proportion of the native people. It has been argued that this was a direct result of Columbus' actions. It is clear that the arrival of the European settlers led to the demise of a large proportion of the history and culture of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. It has also been argued that Columbus should not be honored for discovering North America, as he only went as far as some islands in the Caribbean and never got as far as mainland America. [PAR] Note: timeanddate.com states the facts and issues associated with this observance but does not disclose its opinion on the matter. [PAR] Columbus Day Observances[DOC] [TLE] International Students and Scholars | US and MA Holidays International Students and Scholars | US and"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sixties Dance Craze - Looking Back at the 1960s The Sixties Dance Craze - Looking Back at the 1960s [PAR] Looking Back at the 1960s [PAR] \u201cNobody cares if you can't dance well. Just get up and dance. \u201d [PAR] \u2015 Dave Barry [PAR] The sixties was recognized as a decade of transition from the conservative fifties and also the birth of revolutionary ways to live, [PAR] think, and create. Known as the age of the youth, there were approximately 70 million children who were teenagers or young adults during this decade. Determined to not follow the footsteps of their elders, this generation made changes in the areas of education, laws, lifestyle, and entertainment. In the entertainment industry, many changes happened in the world of dance. The sixties was all about learning the newest dance craze and performing them on Dick Clark's American Bandstand. Dancing, was a driving force that brought people together in peace and happiness, and continues to be influential across the world today. [PAR] \u201cWe should consider every day lost on which we have not danced at least once.\u201d [PAR] \u2015 Friedrich Nietzsche [PAR] The sixties dance craze began with the 'TWIST' introduced by Chubby Checker with the release of his song 'The Twist'. 'The Twist' was Checkers 1960 cover for the B-side of Hank Ballard & The Midnighters' 1959 single 'Teardrops on Your Letter'. The Twist dance was largely inspired by rock and roll music.The [PAR] original inspiration came from the African American plantation dance \"wringin' and twistin,\" which has been traced back to the 1890s. However, the dances main features, such as the use of pelvic movement and the shuffling foot movement, can be traced all the way back to West Africa. Throughout the 20th Century, the African dance evolved until emerging to a mass audience in the 1960s. The Twist became the first worldwide dance craze in the early 1960s, enjoying immense popularity among young people and drawing fire from critics who felt it was too provocative. The Twist was transformed into many versions, such as the Peppermint Twist, Spanish Twist, and the Florida Twist. Chubby Checker recorded the hit in Italian, French, and German, and created an entirely multilingual album, 'Twisting Round the World'. It also was the inspiration for future dances such as the Cool Jerk, Funky Chicken, and the Mashed Potato. [PAR] Check out this video as Chubby Checker shows the world how to do the Twist while performing the Billboard Chart Topper hit 'The Twist'!!! [PAR] YouTube Video"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monica Geller-Bing - Friends Central - Wikia Monica Geller-Bing | Friends Central | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] I KNOW! [PAR] \u201d [PAR] Monica Geller (born April 22, 1969) is a fictional character on the popular U.S. television sitcom Friends (1994\u20132004), played by Courteney Cox . Monica was known as the \"Mother Hen\" of the group and her Greenwich Village apartment was one of the group's main gathering places. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Monica was born April 22, 1969. Monica is Ross's younger sister, and the daughter of Jack and Judy Geller . Monica, like the rest of her family, is Jewish. She had a slightly difficult childhood, characterized by the bickering which took place between her and her brother (some culminating in memorable events such as the Geller Cup , which took place every Thanksgiving). She also had, and still has, a difficult relationship with her parents, who unconsciously favor Ross over her on various occasions. (Her father did try to fix this by giving her his Porsche in \" The One Where Rosita Dies \"). [PAR] High school was a difficult time for Monica, who gained a substantial amount of weight and peaked at 255 pounds. She had few friends; her best friend being Rachel Green . For prom, she even had a date: Roy Gublik . Her first kiss, however, was (by accident) her brother, Ross. [5] She met Chandler Bing at her parents' house on Thanksgiving Day, 1987. She initially had a crush on him (even became a chef because he told her that he liked her macaroni) until she overheard him referring to her as Ross's \"fat sister.\" The shock was so great for her that she became determined to take off all her extra weight by the next time he would see her. She accomplished this goal by Thanksgiving, 1988. [6] She unintentionally got back at him by dropping a knife and severing one of his toes during a failed attempt to seduce him. [PAR] After college, Monica pursued life in New York as a chef at Iridium . She also lived with Phoebe Buffay , across the hall from Chandler. Phoebe moved out because she was worried that their friendship would suffer due to Monica's obsessive tidiness. She had a crush on Joey Tribbiani when he first moved in with Chandler, although he repelled her by stripping naked in her apartment the day they met. [7] [PAR] Personality [PAR] This section is (partially) copied from Wikipedia . There may be an updated version available. [PAR] While she is kind, caring and friendly, Monica is perhaps most notorious for her obsessive cleanliness (classifying places by cleanliness, where 'Monica-clean' is even cleaner than 'Health-Department-clean' [8] ). She is also known to talk abnormally loudly (such as in The One With The Apothecary Table ) and for her bossiness and unnatural organizational skills (such as The One On The Last Night ). Phoebe and Rachel also call her high-maintenance. [9] Aside from being a neat-freak, Monica can also be bossy and somewhat competitive, hating to lose in competitions. [PAR] Cleanliness and Orderliness [PAR] \"Neat Freak\" Monica is comically obsessive about the state of her apartment. She loves cleaning, describing a dry-cleaning establishment as her Disneyland. This personality trait becomes progressively exaggerated as the series progresses. Examples of this tendency include: [PAR] In The One With The Embryos , we learn that she organizes towels into 11 categories, including \"everyday use\", \"fancy\", \"guest\", and \"fancy guest\". Later, boxes can be seen with other categories, \"kitchen\", \"old\", and \"beach\". This leaves"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 of Fashion's Most Avant-Garde Designers - TheRichest stumbleupon [PAR] Email [PAR] Comment [PAR] From Coco Chanel\u2019s popularization of the suit to Christian Dior\u2019s full-skirted New Look, the ongoing evolution of fashion has existed largely on the innovations of the visionaries. For those creative and revolutionary enough to concoct an idea backed up only by their own convictions, some have managed not only to enter the mainstream of fashion but be embraced wholeheartedly by its capriciousness. [PAR] While many designers stay within the familiar bounds of what\u2019s been deemed marketable and find their client base in clothing that is wearable and flattering, there are other designers whose nearly surrealistic convictions have put them a little outside of the mainstream. Though a thick line exists between ready-to-wear and the avant-garde, a few designers have opted to leave their clothing with the mark of something a bit more extraordinary. [PAR] Dutch designers Viktor & Rolf have made art and the artifice of the fashion world a source of inspiration, creating clothing and runway shows that were not necessarily appreciated or understood, while Vivienne Westwood, a designer who has been in the business for more than four decades, is largely responsible for the development of punk fashion, which is nearly inseparable from its music. Whether they\u2019ve managed to bridge the gap between art and life in the present or changed the shape of fashion\u2019s future possibilities, the following have defined their aesthetic and stood out as the singular purveyors of their own distinct ideas. [PAR] Yohji Yamamoto [PAR] Born in Tokyo, Japan on October 3, 1943, designer Yohji Yamamoto obtained a degree in law before he went on to pursue fashion design at Bunka College. With an impetus to change the idea of what could constitute women\u2019s fashion, Yamamoto set out to make \u201cmen\u2019s clothes for women\u201d and debuted his first collection in Paris in 1981. Immediately making waves in the fashion world with his oversized silhouettes, Yamamoto\u2019s androgynous style and deconstructed look signalled something of a revolution in design. While Yamamoto has worked with designers like Adidas and Herm\u00e8s, he remains a distinctive designer for carving out his own voice. [PAR] Thierry Mugler [PAR] Born on December 21, 1948 in Strasbourg, France, Thierry Mugler focused more on drawing and dancing for the Rhin Opera in his youth, but upon moving to Paris at age 24, he began his career as a designer. After working with many ready-to-wear fashion houses, Mugler opened his own store in 1978 and won over fans with his clean, sophisticated designs. He eventually gained more notoriety in the 1980\u2019s when his clothes became defined by angular lines, shoulder pads and corsets and were often made with PVC, appearing as a homage to bondage. While Mugler\u2019s has become a recognizable name in recent years for his fragrance Angel, his dramatic sense of the female form and his emphasis on exaggerating those lines has a had a strong impact on fashion. [PAR] Courr\u00e8ges [PAR] Born on March 9, 1923 in Pau, France, it was designer Andr\u00e9 Courr\u00e8ges that gave birth to the famed fashion house of Courr\u00e8ges. After studying civil engineering and moving to Paris in 1925, Courr\u00e8ges relocated to Spain and began working under the revered designer Crist\u00f3bal Balenciaga. Inspired by Balenciaga, Courr\u00e8ges opened his own design house in 1961 and released the Space Age collection in 1964, which used materials like plastic and metal for garments that consisted of clean lines and geometric shapes, harkening to futurism and architects like Le Corbusier. While the aesthetic hit the fashion world like an explosion before the scene fell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How the deportation story emerged - Home - BBC News BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | How the deportation story emerged [PAR] Printable version [PAR] How the deportation story emerged [PAR] Here is the sequence of events in the row over the 1,023 foreign prisoners who were released without being considered for deportation: [PAR] FEBRUARY 1999 [PAR] The first of the 1,023 foreign nationals at the centre of the row is freed after serving their sentence. [PAR] However, the offender does not face a hearing for deportation, as required of the Immigration and Nationality Directorate. [PAR] Over the next seven years, more than 1,000 more also escape scrutiny on release from jail. [PAR] 2003 [PAR] HM Inspector of Prisons' annual report talks of an \"institutional blind spot\" for foreign nationals within the prison service and a dilatory attitude from the Immigration Service, \"which unless pressed, was not monitoring those liable to deportation and making arrangements for this to take place as soon as sentence had expired\". [PAR] 2004 [PAR] Another HMPI report reveals that a new prison service order \"provides no guidance to prisons on work with foreign nationals beyond their status as potential immigration detainees\". [PAR] JANUARY 2005 [PAR] Home Office officials first become aware that a number of foreign criminals have been released from UK jails without being considered for deportation, according to a subsequent briefing by the prime minister's official spokesman. [PAR] JULY 2005 [PAR] In some instances, action on criminal cases was not being initiated until a late stage, allowing insufficient time to make preparations for removal before the end of sentence [PAR] National Audit Report, July 2005 [PAR] Download the reader here [PAR] The National Audit Office, an independent watchdog, publishes a report on returning failed asylum applicants, which warned that preparations to remove foreign criminals from the UK should begin \"much earlier\". [PAR] It said officials were unable to say how many failed applicants had been released from prison because removal could not be arranged. [PAR] Mr Clarke has admitted that his attention was first brought to the problem on publication of this report. [PAR] The government proposed extra investment, and according to the prime minister, nearly \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd3m more has since been invested in increasing resources in the key areas. [PAR] The Home Office has since revealed that 288 of the 1,023 were freed after August 2005. [PAR] OCTOBER 2005 [PAR] Conservative MP Richard Bacon raises the issue during a meeting of the cross-party Public Accounts Committee in the Commons. [PAR] He asked what happened to foreign nationals - particularly asylum seekers - on release from prison. [PAR] It was around this time that Mr Clarke says he became \"fully aware\" of the scale of the issue. [PAR] If you are judged by the system to have a failed asylum application and you shouldn't be here, then shouldn't you be considered for deportation once you are released from prison? [PAR] Richard Bacon MP [PAR] He told BBC's Today programme that he \"set in motion a whole set of procedures to change the way the prison service and nationality directorate were working\". [PAR] The Home Office then told Parliament that a new system was in place to correct the inadequacy. [PAR] DECEMBER 2005 [PAR] The Home Secretary warns Prime Minister Tony Blair that hundreds of foreign prisoners have been freed without the required investigation into whether they should be deported. [PAR] Mr Clarke has since told the BBC: \"He agreed we needed to take very strong steps to deal with it.\" [PAR] FEBRUARY 2006 [PAR] Ministers become aware that 288 more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cindy Crawford | Cindy Crawford: 'Ex Richard Gere And I ... Cindy Crawford | Cindy Crawford: 'Ex Richard Gere And I Were Never Friends' | Contactmusic.com [PAR] Cindy Crawford: 'Ex Richard Gere And I Were Never... [PAR] Cindy Crawford: 'Ex Richard Gere And I Were Never Friends' [PAR] Cindy Crawford Richard Gere [PAR] Cindy Crawford 's ex-husband Richard Gere is a stranger to her these days. [PAR] The supermodel was married to the Hollywood star between 1991 and 1995, and she's speculated on why their relationship went wrong. She was 26 when she tied the knot and Richard was 42, with the star admitting the age gap did play into their issues. [PAR] \"We're friendly, but I think it's almost like he's gone back to being, like, ' Richard Gere ' again, like a stranger because we don't really see each other that much,\" she told Marc Maron on his WTF podcast. \"I think part of the problem in our relationship was that we were a lot of other things but I don't know if we were ever friends - like peers, because I was young, and he was Richard Gere. And then, as I started kind of growing up and growing into myself - it's hard to change the nature of a relationship once you're already in it.\" [PAR] Hindsight is what's led Cindy to understand the problems in her former marriage, as at the time of tying the knot she saw no reason why things wouldn't work out. [PAR] \"I was young,\" she explained. \"I didn't think I was young, though, but I was young. I was with Richard for like six years, but I was only married for two years.\" [PAR] Three years after her split from Richard Cindy married Rande Gerber, and they went on to have two children. They are still together and happier than ever, with Cindy hinting she's learnt from her past marriage mistakes and that's why things are different this time around. [PAR] \"I think why Rande and I really work is that we were friends first,\" she said. \"I never pretended to like baseball or meditation - or whatever the version is.\" [PAR] Contactmusic[DOC] [TLE] Ex Richard Gere and I were never friends: Cindy Crawford ... Ex Richard Gere and I were never friends: Cindy Crawford | The Indian Express [PAR] Ex Richard Gere and I were never friends: Cindy Crawford [PAR] Ex Richard Gere and I were never friends: Cindy Crawford [PAR] Cindy Crawford's ex-husband Richard Gere is a stranger to her these days. [PAR] By: PTI | New York | [PAR] Published:February 10, 2016 1:59 pm [PAR] Cindy Crawford\u2019s ex-husband Richard Gere is a stranger to her these days. [PAR] Cindy Crawford\u2019s ex-husband Richard Gere is a stranger to her these days. [PAR] The supermodel, 49, who was married to the Hollywood star between 1991 and 1995, the age gap did play into their issues. [PAR] She was 26 when she tied the knot and Richard was 42. [PAR] \u201cWe\u2019re friendly, but I think it\u2019s almost like he\u2019s gone back to being, like, \u2018Richard Gere\u2019 again, like a stranger because we don\u2019t really see each other that much,\u201d she said. [PAR] \u201cI think part of the problem in our relationship was that we were a lot of other things but I don\u2019t know if we were ever friends \u2013 like peers, because I was young, and he was Richard Gere. And then, as I started kind of growing up and growing into myself \u2013 it\u2019s hard to change the nature of a relationship once you\u2019re already in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] White Wedding by Billy Idol Songfacts - Song Meanings at ... White Wedding by Billy Idol Songfacts [PAR] White Wedding by Billy Idol Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] Despite rumors to the contrary, this song is not about Idol's actual little sister. \"Little sister\" is slang for girlfriend. He is singing about a woman/girl he loves marrying someone else while he still loves her. [PAR] Idol did have a sister who was getting married, but on an episode of VH1 Storytellers, he explained that his sister's wedding simply gave him the idea for the song. Like many of Idol's compositions, he started with the title and wrote the song from there. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Jon - Atlanta, GA [PAR] The video for this song help launch Billy Idol to stardom. It was directed by David Mallet, who had worked with Queen and David Bowie. Idol had little cash, so Mallet cut him a break on his fee. The concept was a \"nightmare wedding,\" with a Goth guy (Idol) marrying a normal girl, with some vampire imagery thrown in. The bride was played by Perri Lister, who was Billy's girlfriend. The resulting video contained some of the most indelible images seen on MTV, including the barbed-wire wedding ring, the motorcycle crashing through the church window, and the dancers slapping their own butts in time to the music. [PAR] Mallet said of Idol in the book I Want My MTV: \"In those days, he was the greatest looker and mover since Elvis. Before 'White Wedding,' nobody would have admitted that was even possible. One look at that video and they got him.\" [PAR] A key element to this song is the quick little guitar riff that starts it. Idol and his guitarist, Steve Stevens, liked to have a distinctive guitar part to open the songs - they thought of it like a flag harkening its arrival. [PAR] This song is very anti-marriage song, and yet many people have it played at their weddings simply because it mentions a wedding. [PAR] This was used in the movie The Wedding Singer. After getting dumped at the alter, Adam Sandler tells his friends to \"turn this crap off\" after the video comes on. Idol later appears in the movie as himself. He helps get Sandler together with Drew Barrymore. [PAR] In the UK, this did not become a hit until 1985, when it was released there for the third time. [PAR] Herman's Hermits recorded this for the 2002 album When Pigs Fly: Songs You Never Thought You'd Hear . Cevin Soling, who put the album together, explains why he chose this song for Herman's Hermits: \"They have that very sweet, innocent persona. And you think of Herman's Hermits, you think that the cute, adorable Peter Noone fronting this very sweet, innocent thing. And then you've got Billy Idol who's kind of the antithesis of that. A friend of mine got to play the song for Billy Idol on the air, and she was interviewing him, so she played the Herman's Hermit's 'White Wedding' for Billy Idol. I think he just said the word, 'Frightening.'\" (Check out our interview with Cevin Soling .)[DOC] [TLE] New wave hit of the 80s: all the best new wave songs ... New wave hit of the 80s: all the best new wave songs [PAR] Posted By Pia Sooney on Mar 1, 2007 | 38 comments [PAR] As mentioned on the New Wave Music page , the term is hard to pin down and covers a wide range of artists from the period spanning the late 70s and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to make a White Lady Cocktail. Find more cocktail ... How to make a White Lady Cocktail. Find more cocktail recipes online. [PAR] How to make a White Lady [PAR] Rate this recipe [PAR] 37 ratings [PAR] The White Lady has a lot of similarities to a Sidecar - the key difference being the main ingredient, gin rather than brandy. In this version of a White Lady, we have added a touch of sugar to balance the citrus and egg white to give it a velvety mouth feel. [PAR] Ingredients[DOC] [TLE] White Lady Cocktail Recipe - liquor.com White Lady Cocktail Recipe [PAR] You must be logged in to post a comment. [PAR] Adding comment \u2026 [PAR] RobMagus posted 8 months ago [PAR] I agree with danny, I far prefer 2:1:1 proportions for a better balanced white lady. [PAR] dannynannady2007.2b626c1 posted 1 year ago [PAR] Thought I would give the White Lady a try. [PAR] Personally this recipe is not to my taste, far too gin/egg forward, the cointreau and lemon juice don't really seem to shine through or are too subtle. [PAR] Maybe it's just me. [PAR] JELSP3000 posted 2 years ago [PAR] Had to substitute triple sec for contreau, but it was pretty good. The egg white separated out from the drink when I made it. The bar I get pink ladies and gin fizzes at has the egg whites really separated in their drinks, any knowledge on which way is most desirable? [PAR] drloud posted 3 years ago [PAR] Just looked up the White Lady... My girlfriend is in Malaysia and they are drinking a version made with Grey goose vodka... Apparently it is fantastic... The impetus is the humor involved when a group of white ladies are drinking white ladies in the midst of a bar full of Asians! [PAR] ~ all comments loaded ~"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dido- white flag (nrj hit tour 21.Nov.2003) - YouTube Dido- white flag (nrj hit tour 21.Nov.2003) - YouTube [PAR] Dido- white flag (nrj hit tour 21.Nov.2003) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 30, 2013 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catalyst Astrology-David Jason Horoscope Catalyst Astrology-David Jason Horoscope [PAR] David JASON , Chart [PAR] Born February 2, 1940 at 3:00 AM in London [PAR] Sir David John White, OBE known by his stage name David Jason (born 2 February 1940) is a highly regarded English actor, admired equally for his dramatic work as for his comedy roles. He is perhaps most famous for his portrayal of \"Del Boy\" in the BBC television situation comedy Only Fools and Horses which made him a household name in the United Kingdom, and for playing detective chief inspector Jack Frost on A Touch of Frost. [PAR] Height: 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Early career [PAR] He started his television career in 1964 playing the part of Bert Bradshaw in Crossroads. In 1967 he played a spoof super-hero Captain Fantastic (and also other roles), in the television sketch comedy series Do Not Adjust Your Set. His co-stars were Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin. Humphrey Barclay, who recruited David Jason to appear in Do Not Adjust Your Set (partly to offset the rather intellectual style of Idle, Jones and Palin), admired David's masterly sense of timing. [PAR] Jason also appeared in variety shows in support of stars such as Dick Emery, and his performances caught the attention of Ronnie Barker, who was soon to become a mentor to Jason. In 1969 Jason was recruited to appear in Hark At Barker, starring Ronnie Barker as Lord Rustless, as Dithers, the hundred-year old gardener. There was also a sequel, His Lordship Entertains. That year he also made an appearance in the popular ITC show Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) in the fifth episode of the series That's How Murder Snowballs as Abel, a framed performer in a major London theatre. In 1973 he played junior employee Granville in the first programme of the comedy anthology Seven of One, called Open All Hours and starring Barker as the miserly proprietor of a corner shop. Four series of Open All Hours were subsequently made from 1976 to 1985. He also featured in Barker's Porridge, a prison-based comedy, as Blanco. He also took the lead role in ITV sitcom A Sharp Intake Of Breath. [PAR] In 1974, Jason also played the part of the inept spy Edgar Briggs in the television comedy series The Top Secret Life of Edgar Briggs, long before the time of spoof spy thrillers such as Austin Powers and Johnny English. [PAR] In the 1970s he also acted in radio comedies, including Week Ending (in which he regularly satirised such figures as then UK Foreign Secretary Dr David Owen) and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (as the \"B Ark Captain\" in the sixth episode). [PAR] Maturity and success [PAR] In 1981 he found his most enduring and popular role. Del Boy in Only Fools and Horses (created by John Sullivan) is a wide-boy who makes a dubious living in Peckham, south London, trading in shoddy and counterfeit goods. He is assisted by his brother Rodney (played by Nicholas Lyndhurst) and Grandad (played by Lennard Pearce) or, in later episodes, Uncle Albert (played by Buster Merryfield). In this role Jason popularised some slang words and phrases; examples being the mild insults \"dipstick\" and \"plonker\", and the celebratory \"lovely jubbly\". [PAR] He has also earned acclaim for a string of straight roles. These include Skullion in Porterhouse Blue, Pa Larkin in the rural idyll The Darling Buds of May (based on the H. E. Bates novel) which also featured Catherine Zeta-Jones before she achieved success in Hollywood, and Detective Jack Frost in the TV series"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts about Buckingham Palace - Project Britain Facts about Buckingham Palace [PAR] The Royal Flag [PAR] When can we see the flag on the pole? [PAR] When the Queen is at home, you can see her royal flag flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace. This flag is called the Royal Standard. [PAR] The flag is split into four quadrants. The first and fourth quadrants represent England and contain three gold lions walking (passant) on a red field; the second quadrant represents Scotland contains a red lion standing on the left hind foot (rampant) on a gold field; the third quadrant represents Ireland and contains the gold Coat of arms of Ireland on a blue field. [PAR] In flag protocol, the Royal Standard is supreme. It must only be flown from buildings where the Queen is present. It flies above the British Union Flag (Union Jack), Standards of other Royal Family members, and other British flags. It never flies at half staff. [PAR] Standing guard outside Buckingham Palace [PAR] Foot Guards [PAR] Who guards the palace? What do they wear? [PAR] Five regiments of Foot Guards guard the Palace. They wear red jackets and tall, furry hats called bearskins. [PAR] When the first guards come on duty, there is a ceremony called the Changing of the Guard. [PAR] Changing of the Guard [PAR] A familiar sight at Buckingham Palace is the Changing of the Guard ceremony that takes place in the forecourt each morning. The monarch and the royal palaces have been guarded by the Household Troops since 1660. [PAR] Read more about the Changing of the Guard ceremony [PAR] Inside Buckingham Palace [PAR] What can you see inside Buckinham Palace? [PAR] The Palace has around 600 rooms, including 19 State rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 78 bathrooms, 92 offices, a cinema and a swimming pool. It also has its own post office and police station. [PAR] About 400 people work at the Palace, including domestic servants, chefs, footmen, cleaners, plumbers, gardeners, chauffers, electricians, and two people who look after the 300 clocks. [PAR] Royal Parties [PAR] Every year, more than 50,000 people come to the Palace each year as guests to banquets, lunches, dinners, receptions, and Royal Garden Parties [PAR] Interesting facts about Buckingham Palace [PAR] Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms including 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms. [PAR] Queen Victoria was the first monarch to live at Buckingham Palace. [PAR] Where to next? [PAR] From Buckingham Palace you can walk through Green Park to Horse Guards Parade where you will see the soldiers on horseback.[DOC] [TLE] Buckingham Palace: Facts About the Home of the British ... Buckingham Palace: Facts About the Home of the British Monarch | Primary Facts [PAR] Buckingham Palace: Facts About the Home of the British Monarch [PAR] Posted on [PAR] Buckingham Palace is the British monarch\u2019s administrative headquarters, and has been their official London residence since 1837. [PAR] Queen Victoria was the first British monarch to live in Buckingham Palace. [PAR] The building was originally called Buckingham House and it started off as a private house built in 1705 for the Duke of Buckingham. [PAR] It is close to the centre of London, at the intersection of Constitution Hill, The Mall and Birdcage Walk. The Mall is a long tree lined avenue, traditionally used for Royal parades and funerals processions. [PAR] The palace has almost 800 rooms, including 240 bedrooms and almost 80 bathrooms. Its rooms and corridors contain one of the world\u2019s greatest art collections. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Flight - Glenn Research Center How Did We Learn to Fly Like the Birds? [PAR] Myths and Legends of Flight [PAR] Greek Legend - Pegasus [PAR] Bellerophon the Valiant, son of the King of Corinth, captured Pegasus, a winged horse. Pegasus took him to a battle with the triple headed monster, Chimera. [PAR] Icarus and Daedalus - An Ancient Greek Legend [PAR] Daedalus was an engineer who was imprisoned by King Minos. With his son, Icarus, he made wings of wax and feathers. Daedalus flew successfully from Crete to Naples, but Icarus, tired to fly too high and flew too near to the sun. The wings of wax melted and Icarus fell to his death in the ocean. [PAR] King Kaj Kaoos of Persia [PAR] King Kaj Kaoos attached eagles to his throne and flew around his kingdom. [PAR] Alexander the Great [PAR] Alexander the Great harnessed four mythical wings animals, called Griffins, to a basket and flew around his realm. [PAR] Early Efforts of Flight [PAR] Around 400 BC - China [PAR] The discovery of the kite that could fly in the air by the Chinese started humans thinking about flying. Kites were used by the Chinese in religious ceremonies. They built many colorful kites for fun, also. More sophisticated kites were used to test weather conditions. Kites have been important to the invention of flight as they were the forerunner to balloons and gliders. [PAR] Humans try to fly like birds [PAR] For many centuries, humans have tried to fly just like the birds. Wings made of feathers or light weight wood have been attached to arms to test their ability to fly. The results were often disastrous as the muscles of the human arms are not like a birds and can not move with the strength of a bird. [PAR] Hero and the Aeolipile [PAR] Aeolipile [PAR] The ancient Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria, worked with air pressure and steam to create sources of power. One experiment that he developed was the aeolipile which used jets of steam to create rotary motion. [PAR] Hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle. A fire below the kettle turned the water into steam, and the gas traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to escape, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. [PAR] 1485 Leonardo da Vinci - The Ornithopter [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci's Ornithopter [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480's. He had over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on flight. [PAR] The Ornithopter flying machine was never actually created. It was a design that Leonardo da Vinci created to show how man could fly. The modern day helicopter is based on this concept. [PAR] 1783 - Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier- the First Hot Air Balloon [PAR] One of The Montgolfier's Balloons [PAR] The brothers, Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier, were inventors of the first hot air balloon. They used the smoke from a fire to blow hot air into a silk bag. The silk bag was attached to a basket. The hot air then rose and allowed the balloon to be lighter-than-air. [PAR] In 1783, the first passengers in the colorful balloon were a sheep, rooster and duck. It climbed to a height of about 6,000 feet and traveled more than 1 mile. [PAR] After this first success, the brothers began to send men up in balloons. The first manned flight was on November 21, 1783,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The first Bond Girl \u2013 Photos of the gorgeous Urusula Andress The first Bond Girl - Photos of the gorgeous Urusula Andress [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ursula Andress became famous as Honey Ryder, a shell diver and James Bond\u2019s woman of desire in Dr. No (1962), the first Bond movie. [PAR] In what became an iconic moment in cinematic and fashion history, she rose out of the Caribbean Sea in a white bikini sporting a large diving knife on her hip. Due to her heavy Swiss-German accent, her character\u2019s voice was provided by Nikki van der Zyl, while the calypso was sung by Diana Coupland. [PAR] The scene made Andress a \u201cquintessential\u201d Bond girl. Andress later said that she owed her career to that white bikini: \u201cThis bikini made me into a success. As a result of starring in Dr. No as the first Bond girl, I was given the freedom to take my pick of future roles and to become financially independent.\u201dThe bikini she wore in the film sold at auction in 2001 for \u00a341,125 ($59,755). [PAR] In 2003, in a UK Survey by Channel 4, her entrance in Dr. No was voted #1 in \u201cthe 100 Greatest Sexy Moments\u201d.Andress won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year in 1964 for her appearance in the film. [PAR] [PAR] Andress. S ource [PAR] [PAR] Actresses Joan Collins, Barbara Bouchet, Ursula Andress and Elsa Martinelli in Rome for a panel discussion. Source [PAR] [PAR] Close-up of Ursula Andress in a scene from the movie Stick\u2019em Up, Source [PAR] [PAR] Elvis Presley with Ursula Andress & Elsa C\u00e1rdenas in Fun in Acapulco (1963) Source [PAR] Andress co-starred with Elvis Presley in the 1963 musical film Fun in Acapulco, with Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin in 4 for Texas (1963), opposite Marcello Mastroianni in The 10th Victim (1965), alongside John Richardson in She (1965), and as the countess in The Blue Max (1966). [PAR] She also appeared in the Bond satire Casino Royale (1967) as Vesper Lynd, an occasional spy who persuades Evelyn Tremble, played by Peter Sellers, to carry out a mission. Later, she worked with fellow former Bond girls Claudine Auger in Anyone Can Play (1968), Barbara Bach in Stateline Motel (1975), and Luciana Paluzzi in The Sensuous Nurse (1975). [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ursula Andress as Honey Rider in Dr. No. Source [PAR] In 1965, she posed nude for Playboy; it would be the first of seven times she was pictured in the magazine over the next fifteen years. When asked why she had agreed to do the Playboy shoot, Andress replied coolly, \u201cBecause I\u2019m beautiful.\u201dShe went on to appear nude or semi-nude in nearly all of her film roles between 1969 and 1979, earning her the nickname \u201cUrsula Undress.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Ursula Andress and Vicen\u00e7 Caralt\u00f3 Source [PAR] Other films from this period of her career include the West African diamond-searching adventure The Southern Star (1969) with George Seagal. [PAR] The crime caper Perfect Friday (1970) with Stanley Baker and David Warner, the western Red Sun (1972) with Charles Bronson and Alain Delon, as Jos\u00e9phine de Beauharnais in the swashbuckling spoof The Loves and Times of Scaramouche (1976) with Michael Sarrazin. [PAR] The cult favorite Slave of the Cannibal God (1978) with Stacey Keach, and as Louise de La Valli\u00e8re in The Fifth Musketeer (1979) with Beau Bridges. [PAR] Ursula Andress,1960 Source [PAR] She played Aphrodite in 1981\u2019s Clash of the Titans, where she worked with Laurence Olivier. During the making of the film, Andress linked up with leading man Harry Hamlin, who became the father"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 25 Overseas Players to Score Hat-Tricks in the Premier ... San Francisco Bay Area \u2014 News, Sports, Business, Entertainment, Classifieds: SFGate [PAR] 24 [PAR] Comments [PAR] The influx of foreign talent in the Premier League has brought about an unprecedented depth of scoring talent over the last decade, with many overseas imports making their way into the annals of English football. [PAR] January 21 marks the three-year anniversary of Clint Dempsey 's 2012 hat-trick against Newcastle United, steering Fulham almost single-handedly to a 5-2 win over the Magpies. That accolade to this date makes Dempsey the only American ever to bag a hat-trick in the English first tier. [PAR] In celebration of the Texan's accolade, we've pulled together a list of the greatest foreign talents to have marked their territory in the Premier League with a hat-trick, taking into account all players originating outside the United Kingdom. [PAR] For some, this achievement was routine, while even some of the most world-class athletes could only manage the feat on one occasion. [PAR] Regardless of how many hat-tricks they bagged, however, simply recording one is good enough to gain entry into our draw, paying respects to the foreign figures of past and present to have netted goals en masse. [PAR] Phil Cole/Getty Images [PAR] Tony Yeboah [PAR] The only Ghanaian ever to score a Premier League hat-trick, former Leeds United striker Tony Yeboah twice bagged three-goal hauls during his time at Elland Road, both of which came in 1995. [PAR] In two years among the English top flight, one of the Black Stars' most prominent attackers in history scored 32 goals, six of those coming against Ipswich Town and Wimbledon. [PAR] [PAR] Robinho [PAR] Many would suggest that Robinho's \u00a333 million arrival at the Etihad Stadium in 2008 is where Abu Dhabi's money-fuelled ownership of Manchester City first began to rear its head as a future Premier League titan. [PAR] In the five years since, not every player purchase has worked as desired\u2014to say the least\u2014and while Robinho's value to City was up for debate, he at least has a proud Premier League hat-trick to his name. [PAR] The Brazilian put all three past Stoke City in a 3-0 defeat of the Potters in October 2008, just a month-and-a-half after his arrival in England, showing fans what they had to be excited for in future. [PAR] Robinho's time with the Citizens ultimately ended quite bitterly and dragged out with a short-term loan at former club Santos, but there's no denying what a magnificent talent the former Selecao star was in his prime. [PAR] [PAR] Savo Milosevic [PAR] Savo Milosevic's three years at Villa Park were far from the most prolific of his career, but a hat-trick against Coventry City during his debut 1995-1996 campaign provided one particular highlight for the Serbian. [PAR] He would later go on to find his most reliable scoring touch with Spanish sides Real Zaragoza, Espanyol and Celta Vigo, albeit never quite living up to the expectations established at Partizan Belgrade. [PAR] 25. Andrei Kanchelskis [PAR] Michael Steele/Getty Images [PAR] Andrei Kanchelskis represented no fewer than four Premier League clubs during his playing career, but a combined 11 league appearances for Manchester City and Southampton meant the Russian didn't net a single goal for either outfit. [PAR] Rather it was Manchester United and Everton who got the best out of his ability earlier in the 1990s, grabbing a hat-trick for each of those teams, both of which came in the 18 months building up to his first England departure. [PAR] Arriving at Old Trafford from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Sikes: My favourite Charles Dickens character - Telegraph Bill Sikes: My favourite Charles Dickens character - Telegraph [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] Bill Sikes: My favourite Charles Dickens character [PAR] Bill Sikes - from Oliver Twist - is one of Dickens's nastiest characters and is the eighteenth in the Telegraph pick of the best Charles Dickens characters. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 4 [PAR] Drunken Bill Sikes, one of Charles Dickens's meanest villains, kidnaps Oliver Twist. Sikes is accompanied by his dog Bulls Eye in this portrait by Frederick Barnard. Photo: Alamy [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 4 [PAR] Kay Walsh (Nancy) is attacked by Bill Sikes (Robert Newton) in the classic 1948 film version of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. KAY WALSH AND ROBERT NEWTON [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 4 [PAR] Charles Dickens's books have been published all over the world. This Oliver Twist was, appropriately, one of the Dover Thrift Editions. [PAR] [PAR] By Catherine Gee , Writer, TV & Radio [PAR] 7:00AM GMT 15 Feb 2012 [PAR] Follow [PAR] My Favourite Charles Dickens character: Bill Sikes from Oliver Twist (1838) [PAR] Rarely has a villain come along who is more dark and frightening than Bill Sikes. He\u2019s drunk, brutal, selfishly bullish and possesses a consuming desire for revenge and control that is further blinkered by his inability to be reasoned with \u2013 all made all the more fearsome by his realism. [PAR] Men much like him existed then and men much like him exist now. He is the one man on the streets of London who never showed a scrap of kindness \u2013 apparent or otherwise \u2013 to young orphan Oliver and remains probably Charles Dickens\u2019s darkest character. He manages his career as a criminal and those who work with him with a harsh iron fist. He beats those closest to him \u2013 his girlfriend Nancy and his dog Bulls Eye \u2013 without remorse and when he discovers that Nancy plans to return Oliver to his wealthy guardians he murders her in a fit of anger. [PAR] Oliver Twist has been adapted many times for stage and screen but it is probably Oliver Reed\u2019s portrayal of Sikes in Carol Reed\u2019s 1968 musical film that is best remembered. He became every inch of the drink and rage-filled criminal \u2013 no doubt helped along by Reed\u2019s own substantial alcohol problem. [PAR] The full series of 'My favourite Charles Dickens character' is: [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the largest member of the cat family? | Reference.com What is the largest member of the cat family? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the largest member of the cat family? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] According to the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, the largest member of the cat family is the tiger. The tiger is additionally the biggest mammal on land, and it subsists entirely on meat. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] There are nine subspecies of tigers that have been classified by scientists, including the Caspian, Java and Bali, all of which are extinct. The other six species include the Indo-Chinese, Sumatran, Malayan, South China, Bengal and Siberian. The subspecies range in size, and the average female tiger weighs up to 242 pounds while the male weighs up to 310 pounds.The largest tigers are the Indians, and some of the males weigh up to 570 pounds."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dragons' Den | Radio Times Dragons' Den - what time is it on TV? Episode 0 Series 0 cast list and preview. [PAR] Dragons' Den [PAR] Dragons' Den [PAR] not currently available [PAR] Add this to your watchlist to find out when it is available via broadcast or catch-up. [PAR] Watchlist [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Summary [PAR] Entrepreneurs pitch their money-making ideas to a panel of self-made millionaires, who are prepared to invest their company's money in the scheme if they think it could work. [PAR] Education[DOC] [TLE] Dragons Den | Television New Zealand | Entertainment | TV ... Dragons Den | Television New Zealand | Entertainment | TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2 [PAR] Dragons' Den New Zealand [PAR] Dragons' Den New Zealand [PAR] Five of New Zealand's most high-profile multi-millionaires star in the New Zealand series of the popular entrepreneurial programme Dragons' Den. [PAR] Dragons' Den is a television series that our viewers have embraced and has become one of the most talked about shows on TV ONE. This innovative series has performed extremely well in both the UK and Australia, and with the high calibre of New Zealand entrepreneurs, our own series had to be made. [PAR] Dragons' Den executive producer Jonathan Glazier says \"It was as exciting as it was daunting to audition people with such huge reputations. They have a net worth of half a billion dollars and they started from scratch, they have all been there and done it themselves. We wanted five individuals with strong opinions, different opinions, we've got that and more. Once we get them all together, anything could happen!\" [PAR] Dragons' Den sees would-be entrepreneurs pitch their ideas to a panel of business tycoons who must then decide if they want to invest their own money and expertise in the ventures. [PAR] Text Size"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reds (1981) - IMDb Reds (1981) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] A radical American journalist becomes involved with the Communist revolution in Russia and hopes to bring its spirit and idealism to the United States. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 20 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 14 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 31 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 12 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Reds \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 19 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] American journalist John Reed journeys to Russia to document the Bolshevik Revolution and returns a revolutionary. His fervor for left-wing politics leads him to Louise Bryant, then married, who will become a feminist icon and activist. Politics at home become more complicated as the rift grows between reality and Reed's ideals. Bryant takes up with a cynical playwright, and Reed returns to Russia, where his health declines. Written by Jwelch5742 [PAR] Not since Gone With The Wind has there been a great romantic epic like it! [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 25 December 1981 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Novelist Jerzy Kosinski originally turned down the acting gig in this film because he feared he would be kidnapped by the KGB whilst shooting on location in Finland. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Louise first comes to New York and finds John's apartment (during the time of WWI), some of the apartment windows behind her have air conditioning units. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [first lines] [PAR] Witness 1: [voiceover] Was that in 1913 or 17? I can't remember now. Uh, I'm, uh, beginning to forget all the people that I used to know, see? [PAR] Witness 2: [voiceover] Do I remember Louise Bryant? Why, of course, I couldn't forget her if I tried. [PAR] As the credits roll, additional interviews with the 'witnesses' play. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] Every movie lover should see this film! [PAR] 26 June 2001 | by Princess-Alice [PAR] \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Warren Beatty's Reds follows only Gone With The Wind in my list of favourite films. This movie is both a love story, and a documentary. It educates the viewer not just on John Reed and his comrades, but on WWI era society in general. [PAR] This brilliant script, (which, like the writings of Jack Reed expresses his political feelings with the same poetic eloquence as his love poems to his wife Louise), is interspersed with commentary from Jack's contemporaries, who tell the history from their own unique perspectives. As the truth of what was going on in that community is such an illusive thing, the only way to tell this story accurately was to show the often completely opposite view points of what was going on as told by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Warren Zevon - Werewolves of London - YouTube Warren Zevon - Werewolves of London - YouTube [PAR] Warren Zevon - Werewolves of London [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 6, 2006 [PAR] The video he made to Werewolves of London. 1978. [PAR] Might I just add, does anyone else laugh when they see that werewolf? I think the beast is played by Jorge Calderon... [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Werewolves of London - Warren Zevon 1978 - YouTube Werewolves of London - Warren Zevon 1978 - YouTube [PAR] Werewolves of London - Warren Zevon 1978 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 16, 2014 [PAR] \"Werewolves of London\" composed by Warren Zevon, LeRoy Marinell, Waddy Wachtel, and performed by Zevon in 1978. The song hit the U.S. Top 40 charts peaking at #21, and remained in the Top 40 for six weeks. As the story goes, Zevon and Wachtel who were then working with the Everly Brothers, were approached by Phil Everly and asked if they could write a dance craze song called something like \"Werewolf Of London\" (title of the 1930 movie). One day, Zevon, Marinell, and Watchtel decided to have fun with it and started trading lyrics back and forth, and with some howling, they came up with the novelty song that afternoon. Though an official dance never came about, the Chinese restaurant mentioned in the song does exist in London's Chinatown. In all, the song made its mark on Warren Zevon.........Ah-ooooh! [PAR] Zevon, born in Chicago, Illinois, was considered one of the most offbeat and intelligent singer/songwriters in the mid 1970's. He was a trained classical pianist and often combined dark humorous and cynical observations flavored with romantic sentiments and biting social satire. His interest in the literary world led to friendships with many writers. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Olympic Records Are Broken (or Not) Why Olympic Records Are Broken (or Not) - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] SundayReview |Which Records Get Shattered? [PAR] Search [PAR] Photo [PAR] Bob Beamon breaking the long-jump record at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. Credit Bettmann/Corbis [PAR] IT\u2019S swimming that makes the biggest splash at the Olympics these days \u2014 especially here in the United States, where we will be disappointed if Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte fail to return from London with more gold medals and more world records. [PAR] I\u2019m partial to track and field, however. It\u2019s at the Olympic Stadium in London where we\u2019ll see athletes competing not just against one another, but against the intrinsic barriers of human achievement. The runners and jumpers and javelin-throwers will set fewer world records than the swimmers do. But the ones they set are more likely to survive the test of time. [PAR] Consider the men\u2019s long jump, for instance. The Olympic record in that discipline was set more than 40 years ago, in Mexico City, by the American Bob Beamon. About nine months before a man landed on the moon, Beamon made a giant leap \u2014 29 feet two and a half inches \u2014 that has yet to be surpassed at the Olympic Games. (Mike Powell beat Beamon\u2019s record at a non-Olympic meet in Tokyo in 1991, a record which itself is now more than 20 years old.) [PAR] In another prestigious event, the women\u2019s 100-meter dash, the world record of 10.49 seconds was set in 1988, at the Olympic trials in Indianapolis, by Florence Griffith-Joyner. She also set the Olympic record, 10.62 seconds, later that year in Seoul. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Those cases are not as exceptional as you might think. Only five track and field world records were broken at the Beijing games in 2008 out of 47 events. And it was actually a relatively productive Olympics by that standard: only seven world records had been established at the prior four games combined. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] By contrast, 25 world records were set in the swimming competition in Beijing \u2014 out of just 34 events. The longest-standing world record in any swimming discipline is barely more than 10 years old. It was set by Grant Hackett in the 1,500-meter freestyle short course at the Australian Championships in 2001. [PAR] In fact, the progress in swimming has followed a predictable and almost eerie regularity, with the winning times in most events improving at virtually every Summer Games. [PAR] I have developed a statistical method to measure the amount of improvement in medal-winning times in Olympic competition between the 1968 games in Mexico City and the 2008 games in Beijing. The method looks at the overall trend-line in each discipline \u2014 not just the record-setting performances, which could conceivably be outliers. [PAR] In all 28 swimming events that have been contested continuously since 1968, the rate of progress has been almost exactly the same. In each discipline, times have fallen by somewhere between 8.2 percent (in the women\u2019s 200-meter freestyle) and 12.5 percent (the women\u2019s 200-meter breaststroke) over the 40-year period. [PAR] Track and field athletes have made nowhere near such consistent progress \u2014 with the exception of a few relatively obscure events like racewalking. In short-distance running events, for instance, medal-winning times have fallen by only about 2 percent over the 40-year period. Long-distance runners have made slightly more progress \u2014 about a 6 percent improvement since 1968 \u2014 but still much"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2012 London Olympics -- Eight badminton players ... 2012 London Olympics -- Eight badminton players disqualified for trying to lose matches [PAR] comment [PAR] LONDON -- Eight badminton players at the London Olympics were kicked out of competition Wednesday for trying to lose -- a display that drew outrage from fans and organizers who said the women had violated the most sacred stage in sports. [PAR] After an unexpected loss by a powerful Chinese doubles team, the eight women appeared to play poorly on purpose to secure a more favorable position in the next phase of the event. [PAR] The feeble play was obvious to fans who attended the matches Tuesday night at Wembley Arena -- they chanted, \"Off! Off! Off!\" -- and to incredulous television broadcasters and viewers watching around the world. [PAR] \"They're serving fault and fault! They are just hitting the ball into the net!\" the BBC's David Mercer said in disbelief. \"They are both trying to lose, and that is unforgivable. This is the Olympic Games.\" [PAR] The eight doubles players from China, South Korea and Indonesia were cited by the Badminton World Federation for \"conducting oneself in a manner that is clearly abusive or detrimental to the sport.\" [PAR] Referee Torsten Berg, second from right, talks to South Korean coach Sung Han-kook, right, after Berg issued a black card to the players in the women's doubles match between South Korea and Indonesia. [PAR] AP Photo/Andres Leighton [PAR] The players are world doubles champions Wang Xiaoli and Yu Yang of China and their South Korean opponents, Jung Kyun-eun and Kim Ha-na, along with South Korea's Ha Jung-eun and Kim Min-jung and Indonesia's Meiliana Jauhari and Greysia Polii. They were disqualified from competition but allowed to stay at the Games -- a step lighter than expulsion, the penalty for positive drug tests. [PAR] \"We have to be clear: There has been a problem here and we have to take that problem very seriously,\" BWF secretary general Thomas Lund said. \"There are things we can improve on and look at after this competition.\" [PAR] Teams blamed the introduction of a round-robin stage rather than a straight knockout tournament as the main cause of the problem. The round-robin format can allow results to be manipulated to earn an easier matchup in the knockout round. [PAR] The Chinese players tried to rig the draw after China's second-seeded pair unexpectedly lost to a Danish team in the morning. That placed the No. 2 pair on course for a semifinal meeting with Wang and Yu, instead of the final. [PAR] Wang and Yu then deliberately set out to lose so they would go into the bottom half of the draw. They hardly exerted themselves, and neither did the South Koreans, drawing jeers of derision from the crowd and warnings from the umpire and tournament referee Torsten Berg. Wang and Yu eventually got what they wanted by losing. [PAR] After the match, Yu said his team was only trying to save energy for the knockout rounds, which start Wednesday. [PAR] Later, Yu said he was quitting the sport. [PAR] A comment on a verified account for Yu on the Tencent microblogging service late Wednesday read: \"This is my last game. Farewell Badminton World Federation. Farewell my dear badminton.\" [PAR] An hour later, the South Korean team of Ha and Kim took to the court and decided also to try to lose to the Indonesians to avoid meeting Wang and Yu in the quarterfinals. Early on, all four players were warned by the umpire for not trying hard, and Berg returned and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the derny, used in cycling's keirin discipline ... What is the derny, used in cycling's keirin discipline? | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Olympics 2012: cycling [PAR] What is the derny, used in cycling's keirin discipline? [PAR] The motorised bicycle, named after its French inventor, is used to create a slipstream for the cyclists following it [PAR] The rider of the derny sits upright on his machine as he goes around the track in order to create a slipstream for the following riders. Photograph: Tom Jenkins [PAR] Friday 3 August 2012 18.58 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 3 August 2012 18.58 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 4 years old [PAR] The solitary biker who leads the procession of Olympic cyclists in the keirin event is known as the derny after the type of motorised bicycle he rides. [PAR] He sits bolt upright at the back of his machine to create a slipstream for the cyclists behind him to ride in. The slipstream can make cycling 40% easier. [PAR] Derny bikes were first made in 1938 in France by Roger Derny and Son. The company closed in 1957, but the name stuck. Dernys are bicycles powered with a 98cc engine with a fuel tank by the handlebars. The top speed with the cyclist pedalling is around 40 miles an hour, depending on gearing. Many of those used have original frames, although they have updated engines. They are used in keirin racing, six-day races, motor-paced road races and in endurance training."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 50 stunning Olympic moments No18: Boris Onischenko cheats ... 50 stunning Olympic moments No18: Boris Onischenko cheats, GB win gold | Simon Burnton | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] 50 stunning Olympic moments [PAR] 50 stunning Olympic moments No18: Boris Onischenko cheats, GB win gold [PAR] The most infamous case of sporting skulduggery in Olympic history came in the modern pentathlon in the Montreal Games in 1976 when Onischenko used an electrical device in his \u00e9p\u00e9e [PAR] Boris Onischenko has his weapon checked during the modern pentathlon in the Montreal Games in 1976. Photograph: Popperfoto [PAR] Wednesday 14 March 2012 08.03 EDT [PAR] First published on Wednesday 14 March 2012 08.03 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] It is just as well that Nadia Comaneci turned up with her scoreboard-befuddling antics , because without her there would have been worryingly little good news to cheer in Montreal. [PAR] Why Olympians shine under the spotlight [PAR] Read more [PAR] On the eve of the opening ceremony \u2013 a threatened strike by broadcasters having been seen off only the previous day \u2013 a torrential downpour sent water pouring into the velodrome through leaks in the roof, and so many people fainted during the ceremony\u2019s dress rehearsal that organisers were forced to distribute 14,000 salt tablets in an attempt to avoid a repeat on the big day. [PAR] The bill for staging the Games \u2013 which escalated from an initial estimate of $124m to a final outlay of $1.5bn \u2013 took 30 years to pay off, finally being settled in December 2006 . Canada became the first and so far only host nation not to win a single gold medal . The Games began with streams of athletes leaving the city, as all but two African nations eventually joined a last-minute boycott in protest at New Zealand, whose rugby side had just body-swerved a boycott to go on a tour of South Africa, being allowed to compete \u2013 \u201cunequivocally not our concern in any way,\u201d according to the IOC president, Lord Killanin. [PAR] New nations were joining the protest even after the Games began, with officials often not finding out until only one boxer turned up to a bout, or just one team to a football match. Both the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People\u2019s Republic of China (China) also withdrew, each because of problems with the other and the former so late in the day that their sailors were already on the water for the official opening of the regatta when they were beckoned back to land. [PAR] And then the Games began. 19 July, the second day of competition, started with the newspapers full of news of Comaneci\u2019s perfect 10. Finally it seemed that attention was starting to turn away from the politics and towards the action. By the day\u2019s end, though, the talk was only of one thing: the most infamous case of sporting skulduggery in Olympic history. [PAR] Boris Onischenko was one of the modern pentathlon\u2019s star athletes. A three-times world champion and member of Russia\u2019s winning team in 1972, when he was an individual silver-medallist, he was, at 38, considered likely to leave his last Games with at least one further medal. After the equestrian events Russia\u2019s team lay fourth, with their best disciplines still to come, and Onischenko started the second day\u2019s fencing in thrilling style. [PAR] In this part of the pentathlon, every athlete played each of the others in a round-robin competition, in what added up to 46 matches spread over a period of 12 hours. Each lasted three minutes,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mark SPITZ - Olympic Swimming | United States of America Mark SPITZ - Olympic Swimming | United States of America [PAR] Mark SPITZ [PAR] Olympic Games 1968 , 1972 [PAR] Mark Spitz is one of the greatest swimmers of all time. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Munich Games. [PAR] Prediction backfires [PAR] American Mark Spitz had brashly predicted that he would win six gold medals at the 1968 Mexico City Games. Although he did take home two gold medals from the relays, he performed well below expectations in his individual races. He was third in the 100m freestyle, second in the 100m butterfly and last in the final of the 200m butterfly. [PAR] Seven golds [PAR] At the 1972 Munich Games, Spitz was determined to make up for his below-par performances four years earlier. He did not disappoint. Over a period of eight days, Mark Spitz entered seven events, won all seven and set a world record in every one. [PAR] Long-lasting record [PAR] Mark Spitz held the record for most gold medals won at a single Olympic Games for 36 years. It was finally broken by American phenomenon Michael Phelps who won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games.[DOC] [TLE] Mark Spitz - Olympics Wiki - Wikia Mark Spitz | Olympics Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Spitz was born in Modesto, California, the first of three children [3] of Arnold and Lenore (Smith) Spitz. His family is Jewish. [4] When he was two years old, Spitz's family moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he swam at Waikiki Beach every day. \"You should have seen that little boy dash into the ocean. He'd run like he was trying to commit suicide.\" Lenore Spitz told a reporter for Time (April 12, 1968). [3] At age six his family returned to Sacramento, California, and he began to compete at his local swim club. At age nine, he was training at Arden Hills Swim Club in Sacramento with swimming coach Sherm Chavoor, who mentored seven Olympic medal winners including Spitz. Before he was 10, Spitz held 17 national age-group records, and one world record. At 14 his family moved to Santa Clara so Spitz could train with George F. Haines of the Santa Clara Swim Club. From 1964 to 1968 Mark trained with Haines at SCSC and Santa Clara High School. During his four years there, Mark held national high school records in every stroke and in every distance. It was a remarkable and unprecedented achievement. In 1966 at age 16 he won the 100 meter butterfly at the National AAU Championships, the first of his 24 AAU titles. The following year Mark set his first world record at a small California meet in the 400 meter freestyle with a time of 4:10.60, and emerged on the world swimming stage. [5] [PAR] Swimming career [PAR] Edit [PAR] The 1965 Maccabiah Games was his first international competition. At age 15 in Tel Aviv, Spitz, won four gold medals and was named the most outstanding athlete. [3] [PAR] He returned to Israel in 1969 following the Mexico Olympics to again compete in the Maccabiah Games. This time he won six gold medals. [6] He was again named outstanding athlete of the Games. [7] [PAR] In 1985 Spitz lit a torch to open the Maccabiah Games. [8] [PAR] In 2005 he was a member of the U.S. delegation at the 17th Maccabiah Games. He spoke at the JCC Maccabiah Games Opening Ceremonies, which was held in Richmond, Virginia. The Weinstein JCC in Richmond was one of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games : Summer and Winter Olympics - World Map Olympics Games: Summer Olympics 2016 and Winter Olympic 2018, Venue, Schedule [PAR] The next summer Olympics is going to be hosted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from August 5 to 21, 2016. It is the first South American country to host the games. [PAR] Summer Olympics Events: [PAR] These events are organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOL). The Olympics includes 35 sports and nearly 400 events. The Summer Olympics includes 28 sports with 38 disciplines and the Winter Olympics includes 7 sports with 15 disciplines. [PAR] The Summer Olympic sports are archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, beach volleyball, boxing, cycling, diving, equestrian, fencing, field hockey, gymnastics, judo, mountain biking, rowing, sailing, shooting, soccer, softball, swimming, synchronized swimming, table tennis, tennis, track and field, volleyball, water polo, weightlifting and wrestling. [PAR] Two sports, taekwondo and triathlon (swimming, biking, running), were introduced for the first time at the 2000 Summer Games in Sydney, Australia. In 1996, Mountain biking made its Olympic debut. [PAR] Olympics symbol: [PAR] The Olympics flag consists of the Olympic rings -five intertwined rings representing five continents having colors - blue, yellow, black, green and red on a white field. [PAR] The Olympic Motto: [PAR] The Olympic motto is \"Ctius, Altius, Fortius\", which means \"Faster, Higher, Stronger\" [PAR] Olympic Torch Relay: [PAR] The Olympic Flame is lit in Olympia which is used to light the torch. The torch is relayed to the host city's Olympic stadium. [PAR] Olympic Mascot: [PAR] The Olympic mascot is an animal or human figure which represents the cultural heritage of the host country. The mascots are important message transmission vehicles for the world's largest sports event, especially for children and young people. The mascot reflects the host country identity and culture. [PAR] Winter Olympics [PAR] The XXIII Olympic Winter Games 2018 will be held in Pyeongchang, South Korea from Feb 9 - Feb 25. [PAR] The Winter Olympics are a celebration of winter sports around the world. The Winter Olympics are held every four years in a venue known for its competitive winter sports facilities. The first winter Olympics were held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. They were held every four years thereafter with a break between 1936 and 1948 for the Second World War. From then on both the Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics were held in the same year till 1992. However, in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), it was decided to hold the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics in different four-year cycles, thus these two sport events now occur two years apart. [PAR] Winter Olympics exclusively features seven snow-sporting events divided into 15 disciplines. The various sporting events at the Winter Olympic Games are: Alpine skiing, Biathlon, Bobsled, Cross-country skiing, Curling, Figure skating, Freestyle skiing, Ice hockey, Luge, Nordic combined, short track speed skating, Skeleton, Ski jumping, Snowboarding, and Speed skating. [PAR] The Winter Olympics because of the nature of the sports involved and their requirements have always been held in countries in the northern hemisphere so far. They have yet to be held in the southern hemisphere. The US has been the host country four times, while France has hosted the games thrice. Austria, Canada, Japan, Italy, Norway and Switzerland have each hosted the Games on two occasions. [PAR] The next event, i.e. The XXIII Winter Olympic Games will be held at Pyeongchang South Korea from February 9 to 25, 2018, while the following event, i.e. the XXIV Winter Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, China in 2022. [PAR] Last"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Football Facts & Stats | England National Football Team My Football Facts & Stats | England National Football Team [PAR] Statistics 1872-2016 [PAR] Statistics detailing the results achieved against of all England's 86 different international opponents played so far with chronological table [PAR] The England National football team is the joint oldest in the world, formed at the same time as Scotland's National Team . England played their first international match against Scotland at Scotland's invitation, at Hamilton Crescent in Scotland on 30th November 1872. Over the next forty years, England played exclusively with the other three \"Home Nations\" - Scotland, Wales and Ireland (later, Northern Ireland). The games were made competitive with the advent of the British Home Championship, sometimes called \"Home Internations\", from 1883 to 1984. [PAR] Before Wembley was opened in 1923, England had no permanent home ground. England joined FIFA in 1906, playing its first ever game outside the British Isles in 1908. However, the relationship between the two was strained mainly due to the status and definition of amateurs, resulting in the British nations' departure from FIFA in 1928, before rejoining in 1946. [PAR] As a result, England did not compete in a FIFA World Cup until 1950, in which they were beaten in a 1-0 defeat against the United States, failing to get past the first round. England's first ever defeat on home soil to a non-UK team was a 0-2 loss to Ireland on September 21, 1949 at Goodison Park, Liverpool. A 6-3 loss in 1953 to Hungary was England's first ever defeat to a non-UK team at Wembley. [PAR] England are one of the more successful footballing teams, being one of only seven countries to ever win the FIFA World Cup, which they did in 1966 when they hosted the finals. They defeated West Germany 4-2 in extra time in the Final. Since then, however, they have only reached the semi-finals once, losing to West Germany on penalties. Nevertheless, they remain a prominent team on the global stage, usually just inside or close to the top ten rankings of both FIFA and ELO. [PAR] Although Walter Winterbottom was appointed as the first ever full time manager in 1946, the team was still picked by an FA committee until Alf Ramsey took over in 1963. Under Ramsey, England experienced its greatest ever success, winning the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final against West Germany 4-2 after extra time. [PAR] Geoff Hurst famously scored a hat-trick in the final. The 1966 World Cup was also held in England. England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning cup holders. They reached the Quarter-finals but were knocked out by West Germany. [PAR] England failed to qualify for both the 1974 and 1978 World Cups. In 1982, England under Ron Greenwood qualified for FIFA World Cup in Spain after a 12-year absence and were eliminated from the second round without losing a match. The team under Bobby Robson fared better as England reached the quarter finals of the 1986 FIFA World Cup and finished fourth in the tournament four years later, which was the best performance in the World Cup since 1966. [PAR] Graham Taylor's short reign as Robson's successor ended after his England failed to qualify for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, but then the 1996 European Championships were held in England, and under new coach Terry Venables the team had its best ever performance at a European Championship, reaching the semi-final. [PAR] The England team of the 1990s and 2000s hasn't progressed beyond the quarter finals of any international"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In Uefa's sad world a pair of marketed underpants is worse ... In Uefa's sad world a pair of marketed underpants is worse than racism | Marcus Christenson | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Sportblog [PAR] In Uefa's sad world a pair of marketed underpants is worse than racism [PAR] Uefa needs to explain how it can fine Nicklas Bendtner \u00a380,000 for showing his underpants when Porto had to pay only \u00a316,700 for their fans' racist abuse earlier this season [PAR] Nicklas Bendtner has been fined \u00a380,000 for showing his underpants after scoring against Portugal. Photograph: Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Monday 18 June 2012 10.25 EDT [PAR] First published on Monday 18 June 2012 10.25 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] What price ambush marketing? Well, the going rate seems to be \u20ac100,000 (\u00a380,000) according to Uefa, which has fined the Denmark striker Nicklas Bendtner that extraordinary amount for revealing a pair of underpants with the name of an Irish bookmaker on it. [PAR] Uefa has also banned Bendtner for one game, meaning that Denmark will be without their top striker for their crucial World Cup qualifier against Czech Republic in September. It is a ban that could have huge implications for the Danes' hopes of qualifying for the 2014 World Cup and, subsequently, the Danish FA's income for the next few years. [PAR] First of all: It is a ridiculous punishment. It is ludicrous in its own right but when you start comparing it to the fines Uefa has handed out for racism, it becomes embarrassing. [PAR] Here is a list of Uefa bans in the past: [PAR] \u2022 October 2000 Patrick Vieira says Sinisa Mihajlovic called him a black bastard and a fucking black monkey, which Mihajlovic denies. The Serb also claimed that Vieira had started it by calling him a gypsy. Uefa's punishment? Two-match ban for Mihajlovic. [PAR] \u2022 June 2007 Serbian fans aim racist abuse at England's Nedum Onuoha at the Under-21 European Championship in Holland. Uefa's punishment? Serbian Football Federation is fined \u00a316,500 for \"the racist chanting of supporters and the improper conduct of their players\". [PAR] \u2022 June 2008 Some Croatia fans are found guilty by Uefa of \"displaying a racist banner and showing racist conduct\" during a Euro 2008 quarter-final against Turkey. Uefa's punishment? The Croatian Football Federation is fined nearly \u00a310,000. [PAR] \u2022 February 2012 Porto fans subject the Manchester City striker Mario Balotelli to prolonged racist abuse in the Europa League tie. Uefa's punishment? Porto are fined \u00a316,700. [PAR] In some of the cases Bendtner's \"crime\" has been judged by Uefa to be about 10 times as bad as racist chanting. How can anyone possibly justify that? Uefa needs to come out and say why it has decided to fine a player \u00a380,000 for breaking a rule he said \"he wasn't aware of\" while punishing racist abuse less severely. [PAR] The absurdity of Uefa's fining system was there to be seen earlier this season after the above-mentioned fine handed out to Porto for the racial abuse of Balotelli (\u00a316,700) was followed by a higher fine (\u00a324,740) for Manchester City \u2013 for returning to the field less than a minute late after half-time. [PAR] The sad thing is that the only winners in this pitiful tale is Paddy Power, the bookmaker whose name so offended Uefa. The governing body said on its website on Monday that Bendtner had been fined and banned for \"improper conduct\" \u2013 but surely it is Uefa that should be held to account for that offence."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 16 teams who have qualified for the Champions League ... The 16 teams who have qualified for the Champions League knock-out stage - Goal.com [PAR] AC MILAN [PAR] The Italian giants had a hit-and-miss group stage campaign, as they won twice, drew twice and lost twice. However, due to results in other fixtures, they sneaked into the last 16 ahead of Zenit St Petersburg by a single point, but behind Group C victor Malaga. [PAR] Their stuttering Serie A form does not necessarily equate to an early exit in the Champions League for the Rossoneri - last season, eventual winner Chelsea finished sixth in the Premier League but managed to conquer Barcelona and Bayern Munich en route to the coveted trophy. Star forward Stephan El Shaarawy - who has been spectacular this season - will hope some of his team-mates start scoring as frequently as him in 2013 should they hope to win silverware. [PAR] ARSENAL [PAR] Arsenal is another team that has had an indifferent 2012-13 season but scraped into the last 16 by a point in second place. The Gunners started brightly enough, but one win and two losses in their final four games could have cost them dearly. [PAR] Arsene Wenger, head coach at the north London club for well over a decade now, has not led Arsenal to a Champions League final since 2006, when the club lost to Barcelona. Six years later and the Blaugrana have repeatedly been an unsurpassable object for the Premier League giants, and their second-place finish means that another knockout stage clash against the Catalan giants is far from unforeseeable. [PAR] BARCELONA [PAR] Barcelona has not been as impenetrable as usual in the group stage this term. Defensive injuries affected their 'Goals Against' tally, and the club was beaten by Celtic in a shock result in November. However, wins scattered in other fixtures allowed it to ease away from its opponents and finish comfortably top of Group G. [PAR] Unsurprisingly - considering its recent record in the Champions League, and the incredible array of talent at their disposal - Barca is the favorite to reclaim the trophy. It has reached at least the semifinal stage in the five most recent seasons, and has won the competition three times in the last seven years. [PAR] BAYERN MUNICH [PAR] Last year's runner-up was assured of its spot in the last 16 with a game to go, when a draw to Valencia allowed the club to progress due to BATE's inability to beat Lille. [PAR] Die Roten have been rampant in the Bundesliga and have been amongst the form teams this season anywhere in Europe. With the likes of Mario Gomez, Arjen Robben, Franck Ribery, Toni Kroos, Mario Mandzukic and Thomas Muller to choose from in attack, and seasoned Germans such as Bastian Schweinsteiger, Philipp Lahm and Manuel Neuer behind it, Bayern is in a fantastic position to take Europe by storm this season. Bayern is up there with the likes of Barca and Real Madrid as favorites to win this time around. [PAR] BORUSSIA DORTMUND [PAR] Borussia Dortmund might have headed into the Champions League group stage tentatively, but it exits as one of the best bets to make it far in the competition this season. The club's conquering of this year's 'Group of Death' - which included Real Madrid, Manchester City and Ajax - in unbeaten fashion was exquisite, and it will not be underestimated in the knockout matches. [PAR] Robert Lewandowski, Mario Gotze and Marco Reus are all key assets to the reigning Bundesliga champions, who may choose"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Euro 2012: Pedro Proen\u00e7a to referee England v Italy ... Euro 2012: Pedro Proen\u00e7a to referee England v Italy | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Euro 2012: Pedro Proen\u00e7a to referee England v Italy [PAR] \u2022 Official was in charge of Champions League final [PAR] \u2022 Howard Webb named for Czech Republic v Portugal [PAR] Pedro Proen\u00e7a was in charge of Chelsea's Champions League final against Bayern Munich. Photograph: Jose Coelho/EPA [PAR] Wednesday 20 June 2012 10.37 EDT [PAR] First published on Wednesday 20 June 2012 10.37 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 4 years old [PAR] Pedro Proen\u00e7a, who refereed this year's Champions League final between Chelsea and Bayern Munich, will be in charge of England's Euro 2012 quarter-final with Italy. [PAR] The Portuguese official has refereed two matches so far at Euro 2012: France's 2-0 defeat to Sweden, and Ireland's 4-0 defeat to Spain. He was promoted to Uefa's elite category at the start of the 2009-10 season. [PAR] England's Howard Webb , who refereed the World Cup final in 2010, will officiate the Czech Republic-Portugal quarter-final on Thursday. The Italian Nicola Rizzoli and Slovenia's Damir Skomina will referee Spain v France and Germany v Greece respectively."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benjamin Franklin \"Hawkeye\" Pierce - Monster M*A*S*H Benjamin Franklin \"Hawkeye\" Pierce | Monster M*A*S*H | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Benjamin Franklin \"Hawkeye\" Pierce [PAR] Alan Alda as \"Hawkeye\" on the M*A*S*H TV series. [PAR] M*A*S*H character [PAR] Vital information [PAR] Captain (O-3), U.S. Army Reserve [PAR] Job/Role in unit: [PAR] Chief Surgeon at the 4077th M*A*S*H [PAR] Home [PAR] Black, greying (in TV series), Blond, in 1970 MASH film [PAR] Eye Color: [PAR] Blue in TV series, Green in MASH film [PAR] Height: [PAR] Unnamed wife in MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors [PAR] Relatives/Children: [PAR] Dr. Benjamin Franklin Pierce, Sr. (father) [PAR] Unnamed mother, died when he was 10-years-old [PAR] Two unnamed sons in MASH: A Novel [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Alan Alda (television series) [PAR] Captain Benjamin Franklin \u201cHawkeye\u201d Pierce is the lead fictional character in the M*A*S*H novels, film, and television series. The character was played by Donald Sutherland in the film and Alan Alda on television. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Born and raised in Crabapple Cove, Maine , Hawkeye is (according to the TV series) the son of Dr. Daniel Pierce. According to the novels, his father is \u201cBig Benjy\u201d Pierce, a lobster fisherman. He attended Androscoggin College, where he played football and intercepted a Hail Mary pass thrown by Dartmouth quarterback John McIntyre . After his medical residency in Boston, Hawkeye is drafted into the U. S. Army and called to serve at the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) during the Korean War. Between long, intense sessions of treating critically wounded patients, he makes the best of his life in an isolated Army camp with heavy drinking, carousing, and pulling pranks on the people around him, especially the unpleasantly stiff and callous Major Frank Burns and Major Margaret \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan. [PAR] Origin of the nickname \u201cHawkeye\u201d [PAR] Edit [PAR] The novel established that Pierce's nickname of \"Hawkeye\" was given to him by his father. It comes from the novel The Last of the Mohicans, which Pierce, in Hooker's book, claimed was \"The only book my old man ever read.\"[1] [PAR] In an episode of the TV series in which Hawkeye believed himself to be in mortal danger due to heavy enemy shelling, he made out a will and left Colonel Sherman T. Potter (who Hawkeye stated was like a father) the edition of The Last of the Mohicans that his father had given him. \"It was his favorite book,\" Hawkeye wrote in the will, implying that he had read more books. [PAR] Changes in the character [PAR] Edit [PAR] Although the Robert Altman film followed Hooker's book somewhat in structure, much of the dialogue was improvised and thus departed even from Ring Lardner, Jr.'s screenplay. The screenplay itself departed from the book in a number of details (e.g. Frank Burns became a major instead of a captain, and was identified with Major Hobson, the zealously religious officer that Pierce and bunk mate Trapper John McIntyre got removed from their tent and, subsequently, the camp), but on the whole, the main characters and mood were left intact. [PAR] Perhaps the biggest change in Hawkeye's characterization from the book, to the big screen and finally to the small screen comes in his marital status. The Hawkeye of the book is married to Evelyn Pierce with children (according to the sequels) and faithful while in Korea (as far as the reader is concerned). He offers several doctors love advice, \"Jeeter\" Carroll for example, extolling the virtues of extramarital sex but never partaking himself. The film version of Hawkeye is still married, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii - Feb 14, 1779 - HISTORY.com Captain Cook killed in Hawaii - Feb 14, 1779 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii [PAR] Author [PAR] Captain Cook killed in Hawaii [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On February 14, 1779, Captain James Cook, the great English explorer and navigator, is murdered by natives of Hawaii during his third visit to the Pacific island group. [PAR] In 1768, Cook, a surveyor in the Royal Navy, was commissioned a lieutenant in command of the HMS Endeavor and led an expedition that took scientists to Tahiti to chart the course of the planet Venus. In 1771, he returned to England, having explored the coast of New Zealand and Australia and circumnavigated the globe. Beginning in 1772, he commanded a major mission to the South Pacific and during the next three years explored the Antarctic region, charted the New Hebrides, and discovered New Caledonia. In 1776, Cook sailed from England again as commander of the HMS Resolution and Discovery, and in January 1778 he made his first visit to the Hawaiian Islands. He may have been the first European to ever visit the island group, which he named the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his patrons, John Montague, the Earl of Sandwich. [PAR] Cook and his crew were welcomed by the Hawaiians, who were fascinated by the Europeans\u2019 ships and their use of iron. Cook provisioned his ships by trading the metal, and his sailors traded iron nails for sex. The ships then made a brief stop at Ni\u2019ihau and headed north to look for the western end of a northwest passage from the North Atlantic to the Pacific. Almost one year later, Cook\u2019s two ships returned to the Hawaiian Islands and found a safe harbor in Hawaii\u2019s Kealakekua Bay. [PAR] It is suspected that the Hawaiians attached religious significance to the first stay of the Europeans on their islands. In Cook\u2019s second visit, there was no question of this phenomenon. Kealakekua Bay was considered the sacred harbor of Lono, the fertility god of the Hawaiians, and at the time of Cook\u2019s arrival the locals were engaged in a festival dedicated to Lono. Cook and his compatriots were welcomed as gods and for the next month exploited the Hawaiians\u2019 good will. After one of the crewmen died, exposing the Europeans as mere mortals, relations became strained. On February 4, 1779, the British ships sailed from Kealakekua Bay, but rough seas damaged the foremast of the Resolution, and after only a week at sea the expedition was forced to return to Hawaii. [PAR] The Hawaiians greeted Cook and his men by hurling rocks; they then stole a small cutter vessel from the Discovery. Negotiations with King Kalaniopuu for the return of the cutter collapsed after a lesser Hawaiian chief was shot to death and a mob of Hawaiians descended on Cook\u2019s party. The captain and his men fired on the angry Hawaiians, but they were soon overwhelmed, and only a few managed to escape to the safety of the Resolution. Captain Cook himself was killed by the mob. A few days later, the Englishmen retaliated by firing their cannons and muskets at the shore, killing some 30 Hawaiians. The Resolution and Discovery eventually returned to England. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - British History in depth: Titanic: Sinking ... BBC - History - British History in depth: Titanic: Sinking the Myths [PAR] Print this page [PAR] 'Practically unsinkable' [PAR] As soon as the waves of the North Atlantic closed over the stern of RMS Titanic on 15 April 1912, the myths began surrounding her design, construction and transatlantic voyage. The Titanic disaster today is a classic tale, a modern folk story, but like all folk stories our understanding of what really happened has been clouded by the way the disaster has been recounted over the years. [PAR] The claim actually made was that she was 'practically unsinkable'... [PAR] It was said that the builders and owners of Titanic claimed she was 'unsinkable'. The claim actually made was that she was 'practically unsinkable', close enough, but nevertheless an unfortunate statement and one which would haunt both builder and owner for years. [PAR] Titanic, the largest vessel in the world when she entered service in 1912, was neither the finest nor the most technically advanced of her day. Size, seldom an indication that something is better, was the only record she held. The ships that Titanic, and her slightly older sister Olympic, were designed to compete with were the Cunard liners Lusitania and Mauretania, which entered service in 1907. Designed and built as record breakers, both held the coveted 'Blue Riband' for the fastest Atlantic crossing. They were built principally from lessons learnt from advances in warship construction, but most importantly both were powered by steam turbines driving quadruple screws, each fitted with a large balanced rudder, making them faster than the competition and easier to manoeuvre. This was a giant leap forward in marine engineering, comparable to the advances made in 1969 with the introduction of the Concorde supersonic aircraft. [PAR] Titanic and Olympic should best be described as the 747s of their day. As huge people carriers, travelling at moderate speed, with space for large cargoes, they posed a great commercial threat to the smaller and more expensive-to-operate Cunarders. [PAR] Top [PAR] Achilles heel [PAR] Titanic's rudder design was her Achilles heel. \u00a9 Building ships this large led to inevitable compromises. Titanic, identical in almost every respect to her sister, adopted tried and trusted methods for her design and construction. No risks were taken with the choice of engines which were enlarged versions of the propulsion system first used experimentally in Laurentic, another White Star liner, in 1909. The triple screw vessel had proved that two expansion engines feeding exhaust steam into a low pressure turbine were more economical than vessels using expansion engines or turbines alone. [PAR] ...little thought was given to how a ship, 852 feet in length, might...avoid collision with an iceberg. [PAR] Titanic's hull and upper works were also enlarged versions of designs refined over several decades. Her stern, with its high graceful counter and long thin rudder, was an exact copy of an 18th-century sailing ship, wrought in steel, a perfect example of the lack of technical development. Compared with the rudder design of the Cunarders, Titanic's was a fraction of the size. No account was made for advances in scale and little thought was given to how a ship, 852 feet in length, might turn in an emergency or avoid collision with an iceberg. This was Titanic's Achilles heel. [PAR] Top [PAR] Speed [PAR] Oceanic's dining saloon. The room, with its domed ceiling, one of the finest ever created for a ocean liner, was designed by Richard Norman Shaw. \u00a9 These design differences meant Titanic would never be able to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Blood (1935) - IMDb Captain Blood (1935) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After being wrongly convicted as a traitor, Peter Blood, an English physician, is sent to exile in the British colonies of the Caribbean, where he becomes a pirate. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 14 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 25 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 07 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 26 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 08 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Captain Blood \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 5 Oscars. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.8/10 X [PAR] Geoffrey Thorpe, a buccaneer, is hired by Queen Elizabeth I to nag the Spanish Armada. The Armada is waiting for the attack on England and Thorpe surprises them with attacks on their galleons where he shows his skills on the sword. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] When Prince John and the Norman Lords begin oppressing the Saxon masses in King Richard's absence, a Saxon lord fights back as the outlaw leader of a rebel guerrilla army. [PAR] Directors: Michael Curtiz, William Keighley [PAR] Stars: Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone [PAR] A major countermands orders and attacks to avenge a previous massacre of men, women, and children. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] A Texas cattle agent witnesses first hand, the brutal lawlessness of Dodge City and takes the job of sheriff to clean the town up. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] A highly fictionalized account of the life of George Armstrong Custer from his arrival at West Point in 1857 to his death at the battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876. He has little ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Raoul Walsh [PAR] A depiction of the love/hate relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and Robert Devereux, the Earl of Essex. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] In 1854, Jeb Stuart, George Custer and other graduates from West Point are posted to Kansas to help pacify the territory before railroad construction to Santa Fe can resume. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] A platoon of special ops are tasked to parachute into the remote Burmese jungle and destroy a strategic Japanese radar station, but getting out isn't as easy. [PAR] Director: Raoul Walsh [PAR] Midshipman Roger Byam joins Captain Bligh and Fletcher Christian aboard HMS Bounty for a voyage to Tahiti. Bligh proves to be a brutal tyrant and, after six pleasant months on Tahiti, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Frank Lloyd [PAR] Three British soldiers on the Northwest Frontier of India struggle against the enemy - and themselves. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] Brian Hawke of the Royal Navy versus the pirates of Madagascar. [PAR] Director: George Sherman [PAR] Two noble Scottish brothers deliberately take opposite sides when Bonnie Prince Charlie returns to claim the throne of Scotland in order to preserve the family fortune. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy - Elton John ... Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy - Elton John | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy [PAR] AllMusic Rating [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine [PAR] Sitting atop the charts in 1975, Elton John and Bernie Taupin recalled their rise to power in Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy , their first explicitly conceptual effort since Tumbleweed Connection . It's no coincidence that it's their best album since then, showcasing each at the peak of his power, as John crafts supple, elastic, versatile pop and Taupin 's inscrutable wordplay is evocative, even moving. What's best about the record is that it works best of a piece -- although it entered the charts at number one, this only had one huge hit in \"Someone Saved My Life Tonight,\" which sounds even better here, since it tidily fits into the musical and lyrical themes. And although the musical skill on display here is dazzling, as it bounces between country and hard rock within the same song, this is certainly a grower. The album needs time to reveal its treasures, but once it does, it rivals Tumbleweed in terms of sheer consistency and eclipses it in scope, capturing John and Taupin at a pinnacle. They collapsed in hubris and excess not long afterward -- Rock of the Westies , which followed just months later is as scattered as this is focused -- but this remains a testament to the strengths of their creative partnership. [PAR] Track Listing[DOC] [TLE] Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy by Elton John ... Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy by Elton John on Apple Music [PAR] 13 Songs [PAR] iTunes Review [PAR] This sharply honed and impeccably catchy concept album casts Elton John as Captain Fantastic and lyricist Bernie Taupin as the Brown Dirt Cowboy in a semi-autobiographical version of the pair\u2019s struggling early days. The 1975 LP shows off Elton\u2019s stylistic leaps too\u2014beautiful, languid ballads like \u201cSomeone Saved My Life Tonight\u201d and \u201cCurtains\u201d mix with baroque, ivory-tickled poppers \u201cBitter Fingers\u201d and \u201cBetter Off Dead.\u201d Then Elton and the band rock hard on \u201c(Gotta Get A) Meal Ticket,\u201d and offer up a randy slice of Philly-styled soul on \u201cTell Me When the Whistle Blows.\u201d [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] [PAR] by IBUYALOTFROMITUNES [PAR] This was the first album by anyone to ENTER the Billboard top !00 at #1. Semi-autobographical story By Bernie Taupin and Elton's early struggles in the music industry, so each song is placed in chronological order... a kind of timeline (songs 1-10 originally). Elton's voice is at it's peak here. ALL the songs on here are great, and all are very different. This album shows Bernie's lyrical genius and Elton's uncanny knack for putting his words to the right music. [PAR] Sit back, close your eyes, and enjoy the journey... [PAR] A masterpiece [PAR] [PAR] by FaNNattic [PAR] Reminiscing of days gone by with this Elton John classic, remastered for ITunes. I remember so clearly getting this LP as an awkward teen and playing it loudly in the room I shared with my brother. Before the highly manufactured sounds of Carly Rae Jepson and Selena Gomez, this classic sounds as fresh and creative today as that day the needle first sat down on the LP more than 38 years ago.... [PAR] Some One Saved My Life Tonight [PAR] [PAR] Clearly the best most unstoppable album Elton has ever put out!!!!!!! [PAR] Biography [PAR] Born: March 25, 1947 in Pinner,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain George Mainwaring - Dad's Army Wiki - Wikia Captain George Mainwaring | Dad's Army Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] George Mainwaring was born in 1885. He is a pompous, blustering figure with overdeveloped sense of his importance, fuelled by his social status in Walmington-on-Sea as the bank manager, and his status as Captain and commander of the local Home Guard volunteer unit. He believes in following rules and orders to sometimes ludicrous degrees. He is class conscious and a snob, considering himself upper-middle class and looking down on anyone he considers beneath him, which may be because he struggled to rise above his working class background. His pretensions stand in contrast to Wilson , who is genuinely Upper Middle Class, Mainwaring is often bitter about Wilson's having attending public school, believing it made him 'wet', while his own state-school background is an attribute. Mainwaring and Wilson's relationship is mainly based on the fact that Mainwaring has always had to struggle and fight for everything in his life, whereas Wilson has just sat back and let it all come to him, (despite being a strong autocrat, Mainwaring fully believes that people should work and earn everything they get in life). Mainwaring is prudish and repressed, and can be judgemental about people who do not share his moral outlook. [PAR] Mainwaring [PAR] Mainwaring's pomposity and snobbery work against him, as he is frequently dependent on those he considers beneath him, and his arrogance is frequently punctured by circumstance and the people around him, such as Arthur Wilson , his chief clerk with whom he shares an antagonistic friendship, and Private Walker , a black-marketeer who interjects during Mainwaring's lectures with a quip or a sly revelation that Mainwaring is benefitting from underhanded deals. Mainwaring is particularly jealous of Wilson, who is more relaxed and charming and possesses combat experience that Mainwaring does not, and takes every opportunity to remind his sergeant who is the senior. [PAR] As a bank manager, he is efficient if ruthless and stingy; as a military commander he is barely competent, confused by the 24-hour clock, and his plans result in chaos. Mainwaring has no combat experience, which causes tension with the other members of the Home Guard, particularly Wilson, who was a decorated Captain of World War I. (In World War II, John Le Mesurier who played Wilson, had been a Captain while Arthur Lowe was a Sergeant Major). He did, however, serve in the army of occupation in France, \"during the whole of 1919 \u2014 somebody had to clear up the mess.\" (He tried to enlist in 1914 but was rejected with poor eyesight; Arthur Lowe tried to enlist in the Merchant Navy prior to World War II but was also rejected with poor eyesight.) [PAR] Despite his shortcomings as a leader, Mainwaring considers himself an excellent military tactician. His height and background is frequently demonstrated to show a Napoleon Complex; he is frequently referred to as 'Napoleon' by his nemesis Hodges . In one episode, A Soldier's Farewell , Mainwaring dreams he is Napoleon Bonaparte , and is thwarted at the Waterloo by a Duke of Wellington looking like Wilson. His pomposity and conviction of his prowess see Mainwaring yearn to be in control of any situation, and he behaves in an arrogant manner; this is demonstrated by the first episode, in which he organised the Home Guard unit and appointed himself commanding officer despite lack of experience or qualifications (and had to wait until the episode Room at the Bottom before he received his commission). [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Captain Pugwash' Double Meanings : snopes.com 'Captain Pugwash' Double Meanings : snopes.com [PAR] Claim: The characters on the cartoon series Captain Pugwash had names that were sexual double entendres. [PAR] FALSE [PAR] Origins: The British Captain Pugwash animated television series, which originally aired on the BBC between 1958 and 1967, is widely believed to have featured characters with risqu\u00e9 [PAR] maritime names such as Master Bates, Seaman Staines, and Roger the Cabin Boy. In fact, the crew of the famous Black Pig ship included sailors with no such names: present on board were Master Mate, Tom the Cabin Boy, and Pirates Barnabas and Willy. (No character with the designation of 'Seaman' appeared in the show.) Series creator John Ryan successfully won retractions and settlements from Sunday Correspondent and the Guardian after both newspapers claimed that the show's characters did indeed have smutty names, and that the BBC had taken it off the air as a result. The Guardian's statement ran as follows: [PAR] In the Young Guardian of [PAR] September 13 [PAR] [1991] we stated that the Captain Pugwash cartoon series featured characters called Seaman Staines and Master Bates, and for that reason the series had never been repeated by the BBC. We accept that it is untrue that there ever were any such characters. Furthermore, the series continues to be shown on television and on video. We apologize to [PAR] Mr. Ryan, [PAR] the creator, writer and artist of the Captain Pugwash films and books. We have agreed to pay him damages and his legal costs. [PAR] Evening Standard correspondent Victor Lewis-Smith wrote several years later: [PAR] 'It'll never stand up in court,' I hear you cry, but stranger cases have flourished. I remember voicing much the same opinion a decade ago when John Ryan's solicitor threatened legal action against the newspaper I was then working for, after I had erroneously (and I stress erroneously) suggested that the characters he'd created for his Captain Pugwash series weren't quite as innocent as they'd first seemed back in the 1950s. [PAR] Unwittingly repeating a folk myth that had been passed down through generations of schoolboys, I'd stated that the dramatis personae included such nautical naughties as Master Bates, Seaman Stains and Roger the Cabin Boy, and that 'Pugwash' was Australian slang for a form of oral sex. The matter seemed trivial, but an apology was made, [PAR] Mr Ryan's [PAR] honour was satisfied and two sets of parasitical, low-life libel lawyers thus pocketed yet more easy (and thoroughly ill-deserved) dosh. [PAR] Puns that play on the homophony of masturbates-Master Bates and seamen-semen are quite old (recall the \"What's long and hard and filled with seamen?\" joke), and it was probably only a matter of time before someone made the obvious jokes about the names of sailors in a long-running television series, especially since people seem to find this type of humor particularly titillating when it is ascribed to the creators of children's programming. However, as this audio clip demonstrates, the exact pronunciation of certain Captain Pugwash character names could (perhaps deliberately) be difficult to discern. [PAR] The British comedy duo of Victor Lewis-Smith and Paul Sparks has claimed credit for starting and spreading the Captain Pugwash rumors, and the double entendre names have also been attributed to a sketch by \"seventies folkie comic\" Richard Digance as well as a \"1970s rag mag.\" [PAR] Additional information:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Iron Chancellor | Article about The Iron Chancellor by ... The Iron Chancellor | Article about The Iron Chancellor by The Free Dictionary [PAR] The Iron Chancellor | Article about The Iron Chancellor by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/The+Iron+Chancellor [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Bismarck, Otto von [PAR] (b\u012dz`m\u00e4rk, Ger. \u00f4`t\u014d f\u0259n b\u012ds`m\u00e4rk), 1815\u201398, German statesman, known as the Iron Chancellor. [PAR] Early Life and Career [PAR] Born of an old Brandenburg Junker family, he studied at G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin, and after holding minor judicial and administrative offices he was elected (1847) to the Prussian Landtag [parliament]. There he opposed the liberal movement, advocated unification of Germany under the aegis of Prussia, and defended the privileges of his elite social class, the Junkers. As Prussian minister to the German diet at Frankfurt (1851\u201359) and as ambassador to St. Petersburg (1859\u201362) and to Paris (1862), he gained the insight and experience that was to partially determine his subsequent policy. [PAR] Wars with Austria and France [PAR] Bismarck was appointed premier in 1862 by William I William I, [PAR] 1797\u20131888, emperor of Germany (1871\u201388) and king of Prussia (1861\u201388), second son of the future King Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. in order to secure adoption of the Prussian king's army program, which was then being strenuously opposed in parliament. Bismarck, in direct violation of the constitution, dissolved parliament and collected taxes for the army without parliamentary approval. [PAR] To expel Austria from the German Confederation German Confederation, [PAR] 1815\u201366, union of German states provided for at the Congress of Vienna to replace the old Holy Roman Empire, which had been destroyed during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It comprised 39 states in all, 35 monarchies and 4 free cities. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. now became Bismarck's chief aim. The disposition of Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein [PAR] , state (1994 pop. 2,595,000), c.6,050 sq mi (15,670 sq km), NW Germany. Kiel (the capital and chief port), L\u00fcbeck, Flensburg, and Neum\u00fcnster are the major cities. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , former Danish territory annexed by Austria and Prussia after their defeat of the Danes in 1864, provided the necessary pretext. By the Gastein Convention of 1865 the two countries agreed to rule jointly\u2014Austria was to administer Holstein and Prussia was to administer Schleswig; but friction soon developed. Bismarck accused Austria of violating the Gastein treaty and thus precipitated the Austro-Prussian War Austro-Prussian War [PAR] or Seven Weeks War, [PAR] June 15\u2013Aug. 23, 1866, between Prussia, allied with Italy, and Austria, seconded by Bavaria, W\u00fcrttemberg, Saxony, Hanover, Baden, and several smaller German states. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (1866), which ended after seven weeks with the defeat of Austria. By the treaty signed at the end of the war, Germany was reorganized under Prussian leadership in the North German Confederation North German Confederation, [PAR] 1867\u201371, alliance of 22 German states N of the Main River. Dominated by Prussia, it replaced the German Confederation and included the states that had supported Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War (1866). [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , from which Austria was excluded. [PAR] Fear of France, skillfully propagated by Bismarck, was to bring the remaining German states into the Prussian orbit when the candidature of a Hohenzollern prince to the throne of Spain caused friction with the French Emperor Napoleon III Napoleon III [PAR] (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte), 1808\u201373, emperor of the French (1852\u201370), son of Louis"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Most Famous Abstract Artists | BlogLet.com The Most Famous Abstract Artists | BlogLet.com [PAR] The Most Famous Abstract Artists [PAR] Post 289 of 476 \u2039\u2039 \u203a\u203a [PAR] August 6, 2013 Brady Foster Artists [PAR] Abstract expressionism is a post\u2013World War II American art movement developed during the 40s in New York. This movement was the first to achieve international influence and transform New York into the art center of the western world, a title previously held by Paris. This art form values the unknown over the known, the individual over society, expression over perfection, the inner over the outer and the veiled over the clear. These are 3 of the most famous abstract artists in the world: [PAR] Paul Jackson Pollock [PAR] Paul Jackson Pollock is considered one of the most famous abstract artists because of his unique drip painting, a style that he abruptly abandoned at the peak of his fame. The influential American painter was a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement, although he also enjoyed considerable notoriety. Pollock struggled with alcoholism for most of his career and life because of his volatile personality. He married Lee Krasner in 1945, also a famous abstract artist who became his muse and critic, greatly influencing his career. Jackson Pollock\u2019s most notable paintings were made between 1947 and 1950, during the drip period. After 1951 he mainly used darker colors, printing in black on unprimed canvases. Later he returned to color and moved to a more commercial gallery, because there was a great demand for his work. Due to the increased stress and pressure, his alcoholism aggravated. Pollock painted his last two artworks in 1955, Scent and Search. [PAR] Willem de Kooning [PAR] Willem de Kooning was an American abstract expressionist artist born in Rotterdam. Despite his Dutch heritage, he is considered one of the most famous abstract artists in the U.S. Kooning painted in the post-World War II era in a style later called Action painting or abstract expressionism. His style was based on ambiguity and complex figures. In most of Kooning\u2019s paintings background figures overlap other figures, which in turn are overlapped by dripping paint lines, thus creating the effect of multiple foregrounds. Kooning painted women regularly between 1947 and 1949. After this period, he explored this subject exclusively. In 1964 the artist was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and in 1986 the National Medal of Arts. Kooning and Eduardo Chillida were presented with the Andrew W. Mellon Prize in 1986 at the Carnegie Institute. His first solo show took place in 1948 at the Charles Egan Gallery in New York. Many museum retrospectives followed, including the Whitney Museum of American Art, the National Gallery of Art and the Museum of Modern Art. [PAR] Mark Rothko [PAR] Along with Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko is one of the most famous abstract artists in the postwar period. This American painter of Latvian Jewish descent rejected the label of an abstract expressionist, although he is generally identified as an abstract artist. Rothko explored subjects other than nature and urban scenes because he feared the modern painting has reached a conceptual blockage. He found it necessary to create gods, demigods, hybrids and monsters in the same way as the modern man found intermediaries in the Communist Party and Fascism, stating that without these mythical creatures art cannot enact a drama. Rothko was also inspired by Nietzsche and Freud, believing that art can free unconscious energies that were previously liberated by mythological elements. [PAR] Related Posts[DOC] [TLE] Jackson Pollock Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] El Alamein battles | Australian War Memorial El Alamein battles | Australian War Memorial [PAR] /El Alamein battles [PAR] El Alamein battles [PAR] Three major battles occurred around El Alamein between July and November 1942, and were the turning point of the war in North Africa. The Australian 9th Division, led by Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead, played a key role in two of these battles, enhancing its reputation earned defending Tobruk during 1941. [PAR] The struggle for North Africa saw the pendulum swing sharply in favour of the Axis from January 1942. The Axis forces comprised German and Italian troops and were known as Panzerarmee Afrika, led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, \u201cThe Desert Fox\u201d. Opposing him was the British Eighth Army commanded by General Claude Auchinleck. This army comprised British, Australian, New Zealand, South African, and Indian troops. By the end of June, Rommel had forced the Allies back deep into Egypt, and the capture of Cairo and the Suez Canal seemed a very real possibility. [PAR] The Allies pinned all their hopes on their new defensive position near the tiny railway stop of El Alamein. Here, the battlefield narrowed between the coast and the impassable Qattara Depression. Rommel, wanting to maintain the pressure made another thrust on 1 July, hoping to dislodge Eighth Army from the Alamein position and open the way to Cairo and Suez. The Allies however had regrouped sufficiently to repulse the attack and make some counterattacks of their own. In these first days of July, the fate of the whole campaign hung in the balance. Both sides by now critically weakened and disorganised, missed opportunities for decisive victories. Both now took time over the next few days to reorganise and lick their wounds. [PAR] Before dawn on 10 July the 9th Division launched an attack on the northern flank and succeeded in taking the important high ground around Tel el Eisa. This caught Rommel off guard as he had concentrated his forces for his own offensive in the south. The Australians spent the next few days fighting off heavy counterattacks as Rommel redirected much of his forces against them. The 9th Division infantry owed much to Australian, British and South African artillery, as well as the Desert Air Force (DAF), in repelling these counterattacks. Australians were also present in the DAF, flying with of Nos. 3 and 450 Squadrons, RAAF. Allied infantrymen had varying opinions regarding armoured support, feeling that sometimes the tanks provided welcome support and protection, but also that sometimes they failed them completely. [PAR] Fighting then spread to other parts of the front and continued for most of July. By the end of the month, both sides had fought each other to a standstill. On the 27th, one Australian Battalion, the 2/28th, was virtually wiped out when they were surrounded by German tanks and help failed to arrive in time (see Remembering 1942, \u201cRuin Ridge\u201d ). [PAR] When the fighting died down at the end of July, Eighth Army, despite its severe losses, could take some comfort knowing that it had stopped Rommel\u2019s drive into Egypt and now held the important high ground near the coast. This provided good observation of the enemy and an excellent position from which to launch further offensives. [PAR] From August until the end of October, the Allied army grew steadily in strength with the arrival of more troops and equipment. The Axis forces, on the other hand, were weakening, with their supply lines strangled by Allied air and naval attacks. A change in command of the Eighth Army occurred in mid-August when Auchinleck"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marco Pierre White is the happiest he's ever been | Irish ... Marco Pierre White is the happiest he's ever been | Irish Examiner [PAR] Marco Pierre White is the happiest he's ever been [PAR] Sunday, December 08, 2013 [PAR] By Gabrielle Fagan [PAR] Celebrity chef Marco Pierre White tells Gabrielle Fagan about his turbulent past and his new, more settled present. [PAR] MARCO Pierre White is known as the sort of man to be approached with caution. [PAR] The first \u2019celebrity chef\u2019, his towering talent was definitely once matched by the size of his tantrums in the kitchen. [PAR] White\u2019s personal life has also been turbulent. His first marriage, when he was 26, resulted in one daughter but was short-lived, as was his second to model, Lisa Butcher, and he\u2019s separated from third wife, Mati Conejero, with whom he has three children. [PAR] Friends have turned into foes too. The severing of his relationship with his famous protege, Gordon Ramsay, was well-publicised, and he\u2019s had spats with Michel Roux, Michael Caine and Raymond Blanc. [PAR] Yet, White is also a man who delights in being unpredictable, and, now, he is smiling and talking about how contented and at peace he is with himself. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m nearly 52 and I\u2019m the happiest I\u2019ve ever been, and feel very comfortable in my own skin,\u201d he reveals, with a broad grin and a definite twinkle in his brown eyes. [PAR] \u201cWhy is that?\u201d [PAR] He gives an expressive shrug. \u201cWell, I\u2019m a man. It takes us time to get to know ourselves, but as you age you start to discover yourself more, you don\u2019t get as excited about things as when you were young. You can see life for what it is. That\u2019s quite a nice place to be at.\u201d [PAR] Such contentment has long eluded White, who came from a humble background in Leeds. [PAR] He was the third son of an Italian mother but she died when he was six shortly after giving birth to her fourth son. He acknowledges that losing her contributed to fuelling his exceptional drive to succeed. [PAR] \u201cI think it goes without saying that I suffered from losing that stability at a very young age,\u201d he says. \u201cBut she was the person who influenced me the most and has helped to make me the man I am today. [PAR] \u201cAs a child, through her, I was exposed to beautiful things \u2014 to nature, good food, lots of love. When you lose someone like that, you hold on to the memories, they never leave you.\u201d [PAR] After leaving school at 16, without any qualifications, White went on to become the youngest chef, at 33, ever to be awarded three Michelin stars. [PAR] Yet a few years later, at just 38, he hung up his apron, returned his stars, and left the kitchen. [PAR] Since then, White has regularly appeared on television shows, including Hell\u2019s Kitchen, Marco Pierre White\u2019s Kitchen Wars and Masterchef Australia, and is familiar to millions through his endorsement of Knorr stock cubes. [PAR] \u201cStepping away from the kitchen allowed me to move on in my life and gave me freedom for the first time in years,\u201d he says. [PAR] \u201cThere\u2019s more to life than a plate of food, there\u2019s more to life than cooking. I wanted to travel the world, write books, be on TV. I decided to pluck up my courage, leave my status behind, spend more time with my children and change my life.\u201d [PAR] His ever flourishing career points towards a level of fiery passion too. Away from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our Vegetable Kingdom - Google Sites Our Vegetable Kingdom [PAR] Our Vegetable Kingdom [PAR] attachment removed by James Folsom [PAR] attachment from James Folsom [PAR] A Chronology of Plants and People [PAR] Plant Trivia TimeLine [PAR] James P. Folsom \u00a9 2014 [PAR] [PAR] The TimeLine presents world history from the viewpoint of a botanist. It includes brief stories of plant discovery and use that describe the roles of plants and plant science in human civilization. The TimeLine also provides you as an individual the opportunity to reflect on how the history of human interaction with the plant world has shaped and impacted your own life and heritage. [PAR] Information included comes from secondary sources and compilations, which are cited. The author continues to chart events for the TimeLine and appreciates your critique of the many entries as well as suggestions for additions and improvements to the topics covered. [PAR] [PAR] BP [PAR] 5-15 Billion+ 6 December. Carbon (the basis of organic life), oxygen, and other elements were created from hydrogen and helium in the fury of burning supernovae. Having arisen when the stars were formed, the elements of which life is built, and thus we ourselves, might be thought of as stardust. (Dauber & Muller, 1996) [PAR] 3.75 Billion Mixed deposits of ferrous and ferric oxide suggest the presence of free atmospheric oxygen. This could be construed as evidence for photosynthetic activity. (de Duve, 1995) [PAR] 3.5 Billion Origination of the oldest dated stromatolites. These layered geological formations are built by successive generations of blue green algae (cyanobacteria.) (de Duve, 1995) Lower Precambrian rocks in South Africa contain what is possibly the earliest known evidence of cellular organisms, resembling blue green algae. (Bold, Alexopoulos, & Delevoryas, 1980) [PAR] 2 Billion Data suggest that by this time in the history of the Earth molecular oxygen began to make a significant difference in the nature of the atmosphere. (de Duve, 1995) [PAR] 1.6 Billion Strong evidence indicates that filamentous and unicellular blue green algae existed by this period in the history of the Earth. (Bold, Alexopoulos, & Delevoryas, 1980) [PAR] 900 Million Late Precambrian deposits at Bitter Springs, Australia, hold numerous kinds of blue-green and green algae. (Bold, Alexopoulos, & Delevoryas, 1980) [PAR] 570 Million Dawning of the Paleozoic era [PAR] 395 Million The lower Devonian period. The Scottish Rhynie chert deposit from this period is famous for its excellent representation of Rhynia, one of the earliest vascular plants in the fossil record. By 350 million years BP land plants at last became significant. By the upper Devonian, Calamites (the giant horsetail) achieved abundance (as represented in strata of that age.) We know now that seed bearing plants (Archaeosperma and Spermolithus) are represented in upper Devonian deposits. (Bold, Alexopoulos, & Delevoryas, 1980) [PAR] 345 Million This time marks the beginning of the Mississippian period. Together with the Pennsylvanian which followed (through to 225 million years BP), the two periods constitute the age of coal - often called the Carboniferous. [PAR] 136 Million With deposits from the Cretaceous period we see the first evidence of flowering plants. (Bold, Alexopoulos, & Delevoryas, 1980) [PAR] [PAR] BC [PAR] 50,000 Wild date seed were left in the Shanidar Cave of Northern Iraq. Also discovered at that site was evidence that cave dwellers consumed chestnuts, walnuts, pine nuts, and acorns. (Root, 1980) [PAR] 17,000+ Excavations at Wadi Kubbaniya, Nile Valley (Egypt) reveal charred remains of 25 different plants, including wild nutsedge tubers, acacia seed, cattail rhizomes, and palm fruit. (Levetin & McMahon, 1996) [PAR] 8000+ The cultivation of grains had an essential role in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helena Bonham Carter - Hollywood Life Helena Bonham Carter - Hollywood Life [PAR] Home \u203a Celebs \u203a Helena Bonham Carter [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter [PAR] Date of Birth: May 26, 1966 [PAR] Hometown: London, United Kingdom [PAR] \u201cI love witches and magic and dress-up and make-believe.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI think my mouth just opens and I spontaneously say things that occur to me.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIf you're a queen, you're powerless, so I'd probably demote myself and go shopping.\u201d [PAR] Bio: [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter (born Helena Bonham Carter in Golders Green, London on May 26, 1966) is an actress best known for starring in films like: A Room With A View, Fight Club, The Kings Speech and as Belatrix in the Harry Potter films. She has starred in several of her longtime partner, Tim Burton\u2019s films: Sweeney Todd, Dark Shadows and Big Fish. [PAR] Best Known For: [PAR] Best known for starring in Richard Burton\u2019s films and being married to the famous director. [PAR] Personal Life: [PAR] Helena met Tim Burton in 2001 when they were filming Planet of the Apes. Together they have two children, Billy Raymond Burton and Nell Burton. In December of 2014 it was reported that they had decided to separate.[DOC] [TLE] Helena Bonham Carter - Biography - IMDb Helena Bonham Carter - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (55) | Personal Quotes (15) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] 5' 2\" (1.57 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter is an actress of great versatility, one of the UK's finest and most successful. [PAR] Bonham Carter was born May 26, 1966 in Golders Green, London, England, the youngest of three children of Elena (n\u00e9e Propper de Callej\u00f3n), a psychotherapist, and Raymond Bonham Carter, a merchant banker. Through her father, she is the great-granddaughter of former Prime Minister Herbert H. Asquith, and her blue-blooded family tree also contains Barons and Baronesses, diplomats, and a director, Bonham Carter's great-uncle Anthony Asquith , who made Pygmalion (1938) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1952), among others. Cousin Crispin Bonham-Carter is also an actor. Her maternal grandfather, Eduardo Propper de Callej\u00f3n, was a Spanish diplomat who was awarded the honorific Righteous Among the Nations, by Israel, for helping save Jews during World War II (Eduardo's own father was a Czech Jew). Helena's maternal grandmother, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Fould-Springer, was from an upper-class Jewish family from France, Austria, and Germany, and later converted to her husband's Catholic faith. [PAR] Bonham Carter experiencing family dramas during her childhood, including her father's stroke - which left him wheelchair-bound. She attended South Hampstead High School and Westminster School in London, and subsequently devoted herself to an acting career. That trajectory actually began in 1979 when, at age thirteen, she entered a national poetry writing competition and used her second place winnings to place her photo in the casting directory \"Spotlight.\" She soon had her first agent and her first acting job, in a commercial, at age sixteen. She then landed a role in the made-for-TV movie A Pattern of Roses (1983), which subsequently led to her casting in the Merchant Ivory films A Room with a View (1985), director James Ivory 's tasteful adaptation of E.M. Forster's novel, and Lady Jane (1986), giving a strong performance as the uncrowned Queen of England. She had roles in three other productions under the Merchant-Ivory banner (director Ivory, producer Ismail Merchant , and screenwriter Ruth Prawer Jhabvala ): an uncredited appearance in Maurice (1987), and large roles in Where Angels Fear"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sylvester the cat on Pinterest | Looney Tunes, Tweety and ... 1000+ images about Sylvester the cat on Pinterest | Pepsi, Wacky wobbler and Birds [PAR] Sylvester,the Cat - Thuffering Thuccotash! Friz Freleng's lisping alleycat creation from \"Life With Feathers\" proved to be possibly Warner's most versatile character, appearing in a stunning number of shorts from his creation until 1965 alongside ju [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] '80s Actual: Henry's Cat '80s Actual: Henry's Cat [PAR] Henry's Cat [PAR] When the TV broke down, Henry's Cat gave it a thump... [PAR] The TV set immediately started working, and the Prime Minister came on giving a speech. This seemed worse than not having it working, so Henry's Cat switched it off... [PAR] Let's start with a joke! Why did the chicken cross the road? To see Gregory Peck! Henry's Cat and Chris Rabbit were told this \"joke\" by a three-headed dragon. It's actually a mangling of a joke which begins: \"Why did the chicken go to the cinema?\" But I prefer the three-headed dragon's version! My family, friends and colleagues never laugh when I tell the joke to them. But I always do. [PAR] You're NOT laughing? Oh, well - suit yourself! Let's press on... [PAR] First question: what is Henry's Cat's name? [PAR] Er... pass. [PAR] Oh well, second question: why is Henry's Cat simply called \"Henry's Cat\"? [PAR] Er... pass again. [PAR] Actually, in a year 2000 DVD release, creator Stan Hayward gave us the story behind the mysterious absence of a name for our favourite 1980s TV moggy, but back in my favourite decade we had no idea, and it all added brilliantly to the quirkiness of the show. And for those who like the mystery of it all, I won't spoil things! The details are available on the Henry's Cat Special Edition DVD, which sometimes crops up on on-line auction sites. [PAR] [PAR] Henry's Cat in book form and on video cassette in the 1980s, and on DVD in the 21st Century. [PAR] Stan Hayward created Henry's Cat in the early 1980s, and Bob Godfrey (of Roobarb fame) animated, directed and narrated the show. The BBC wanted a new series for its children's programming. Rather than do another series of Roobarb, Bob Godfrey asked Stan Hayward for a fresh idea for the new show. And Henry's Cat was the result. [PAR] It started out as a series of five minute shorts on BBC1, first broadcast in the 5.35pm slot, just before the news and weather - made famous by such past greats as The Magic Roundabout and Hector's House - on 12 September 1983. [PAR] From series three, the episodes were lengthened to fifteen minutes and the stories became rather more elaborate and sophisticated. [PAR] Henry's Cat hits the box on 12 September 1983. Look at those line-ups! John Craven's Newsround! Fame! Hi-De-Hi! The cuttings from my local newspaper archive were apparently headed \"24-HOUR TELEVISION\", but we didn't actually have 24-hour telly in those days. The full heading was: \"24-HOUR TELEVISION AND RADIO\". Yep, you COULD listen to the wireless all day and all night - even way back then! [PAR] There was a special Christmas Day Henry's Cat episode for 1983, shown on BBC 2 - The Christmas Dinner. [PAR] The 1985 Henry's Cat Annual... [PAR] Sadly, Bob Godfrey died this year, and in the Guardian obituary by Stan Hayward, some useful insights on just who Henry was supposed to be were given: [PAR] Henry's Cat is never seen in profile, and he doesn't have a name, as the first story was based on Winnie-the-Pooh and Christopher Robin. The boy, Henry, got lost in the second story and was never part of the TV series or the published books. [PAR] Henry's Cat was laid back and liked watching the telly, reading and eating - not necessarily in that order. Anyone for jelly baby sandwiches? [PAR] He had ambition - often inspired by TV programmes he saw. In 1984, he set out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lasagna - Garfield Wiki - Wikia Lasagna | Garfield Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Garfield Eating Lasagna after he smashes into a lasagna Truck [PAR] Lasagna is Garfield 's favorite food. It was announced on July 15th of 1978, where Garfield described lasagna as \"nature's most perfect food.\" [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Lasagna makes little appearances in the comic, while regularly appearing in Garfield and Friends . Garfield was seen enjoying this meal in Short Branch Cafe and in Momma's Pizzeria . [PAR] It has been seen in both the live movies as well. In Garfield: The Movie , Garfield eats all four boxes of Jon 's lasagna. He also eats it, after falling into a truck of it. In Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties , when Jon is giving the veterinarian Garfield's things, he requests that she feed him a plate of lasagna every day. After the switch, Jon , Liz , and the Prince go to a restaurant and the Prince goes mad when he eats it. At the palace, Garfield helps the animals prepare a platter of lasagna and everyone eats and loves it (until there's one piece left, which Garfield claims). [PAR] Even though lasagna is still said to be Garfield's favorite food, it's not mentioned as much nowadays and he is hardly ever seen eating it, as it seems to have been largely replaced by pizza . [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Jim Davis has stated that he wishes he had made pizza Garfield's favorite rather than lasagna, as he claims that pizza's much easier to draw than lasagna is. [PAR] Out of all the female cats related to restaurants from Garfield and Friends , only Mona isn't seen serving Garfield lasagna. [PAR] Gallery[DOC] [TLE] Garfield, recipes with cattitude! : over 230 scrumptious ... Garfield, recipes with cattitude! : over 230 scrumptious, quick & easy recipes for Garfield's favorite foods : lasagna, pizza and much more!. (eBook, 2013) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] Gooseberry Patch [PAR] Abstract: [PAR] Exclusively designed by Gooseberry Patch, with artwork by Jim Davis and the creators of everyone's favorite fat cat, Garfield. Over 230 delicious, quick & easy recipes for Garfield's favorite foods, lasagna, pizza and much more! [PAR] Reviews [PAR] Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. [PAR] Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. [PAR] Tags [PAR] Add tags for \"Garfield, recipes with cattitude! : over 230 scrumptious, quick & easy recipes for Garfield's favorite foods : lasagna, pizza and much more!.\". Be the first. [PAR] Similar Items"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marge Simpson - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Marge Simpson | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Meteorologist and anchorwoman at Channel 6 News [PAR] Driver for a transportation app service [PAR] Crime scene cleaner [PAR] Personality [PAR] Marge is a foil to her reckless and impulsive husband. She has high morals and a tendency to be a 'wet blanket' as Homer puts it. She dislikes and tries to avoid taking any sort of risk, can be fearful of new things and has set her life to a routine to the point she has actually worn a groove into the carpet going from the kitchen to the bedroom and the basement from her constant housework. In one episode, it is revealed that, if Marge were to be removed from the town (she was in jail), the entire town of Springfield would fall to bits. Although her level-hotheadedness is often not appreciated, she is needed by everyone in order to maintain stability. [PAR] She tends to consider anything that isn't completely plain to be amazing or exotic, even if they're not all that special, such as deviled ham opposed to normal ham and buttered noodles opposed to unbuttered noodles. She has also been depicted as a killjoy and attempt to stop things that other characters otherwise find fun. She always believes she has a good reason for doing so even if it's only her that has a problem. She once had Itchy and Scratchy banned because Maggie injured Homer after imitating a scene from the cartoon [19] . She tried to demolish a burlesque house [20] , and she outright says that if something isn't to her taste then no one else should be allowed to enjoy it [21] . Homer sums up his wife when he tells her: \"If it were up to [Marge], all we would ever do is work and go to church\". Marge's plain attitude and love for her family are brought down many times including when she finds a Channel suit and openly admits after going to a country club party that the rich are better than the way her family acts. [PAR] In addition to her killjoy tendencies, Marge has also been shown to be a hypocrite on several occasions such as secretly keeping Homer's hand gun for herself after disapproving of his use of it so much that he eventually chose to throw it away [22] . Other occasions of her hypocrisy include using violent methods in order to protest against the violent Grand Theft Scratchy video game, as stated by Lisa. In the Simpsons Comics #100 - Clip Clip Hooray, it is revealed that Marge would occasionally team up with Luann Van Houten , Agnes Skinner , and Sarah Wiggum in a sacred motherly conspiracy called \"The Motherlode\", where mothers throw away the comic book collections of their children, whenever they get big enough, then sell them off a bit at a time and use the money to buy motherly accessories. It is also revealed that the reason why no one can ever buy the Simpsons comics in Springfield is because Marge is so embarrassed by how the artists draw her that she buys all of the comics on New Comic Day and at Comic-Cons, while Bart and Lisa are at school. [23] In Dead Putting Society , Marge scolded Homer, Bart and Lisa for laughing at Ned Flanders ' apology letter, only to go to the next room and giggle herself. [PAR] There have also been occasions where Marge's wishes and demands have led to trouble at the expense"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dandy - Albion British Comics Database Wiki - Wikia Dandy | Albion British Comics Database Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Korky cavortings, circa 1939 [PAR] Typical Korky one-up-cat-ship [PAR] In 1945, an unusual cover featured a one-off Keyhole Kate page one attraction. Artwork : Allan Morley [PAR] The same 1945 issue saw Korky relegated to small back-page status. Special thanks to Dave Whit for supplying these unique images [PAR] Fings ain't wot they used to be: the uber-modern Dandy of 2010 [PAR] Ray Moore compiled the ultimate facts-and-figures guide regarding story appearances, dates of new and departing strips, etc. A lavishly authoritative work that is heartily reccommended to the true connoisseur of Dandy [PAR] The Dandy (originally The Dandy Comic until July 1950), launched on December 4th 1937, was one of the longest running comic titles in the world, published by D.C. Thomson & Co, Ltd . Alongside its sister title, The Beano , it has been a part of the childhood of several generations of British children, and characters such as Desperate Dan and Korky the Cat have become British icons. [PAR] In the 1980s Dandy absorbed two lower selling titles, Nutty and Hoot . After the millennium its fortunes waned and it underwent several transformations intended to make it appeal more to the new generation of readers. From 2007, it was reduced to fortnightly frequency (something which had previously happened from September 1941 to July 1949, initially due to paper shortages caused by World War II), was retitled Dandy Xtreme, and was marketed as a lifestyle magazine for the under tens. It relaunched once again on Wednesday 27th October 2010, reverting to a more traditional weekly format, but the print edition was finally cancelled in 2012. The Dandy briefly continued online as a digital comic. [PAR] A history of humour [PAR] The Dandy's most recent incarnation was barely identifiable with its illustrious counterpart of 40 years ago and more, but considering that comic had run for over 70 years, this was doubtless inevitable. Highlights and advantages within the radically updated 2010 version included an increased page-count (certainly in comparison to the 1960s version, which had 16 pages, only four of which were in colour) of no less than 32 full-colour pages. Uber-glossy paper stock was another modern upgrade, due partly to the fact that ever-dwindling circulation dictated that it was cheaper for D.C. Thomson to actually outsource the relatively small production runs to outside printing-presses. This move would have been simply unthinkable throughout the 'Glory 50s' period, when comic runs were known to reach the 'Golden Million-plus' mark in some celebrated cases. [PAR] The upgraded and updated version of Dandy was chiefly notable for a radical shift in form of graphics: for the most part, there was a shift away from more typically-elaborate graphics (which may now be on the way out in terms of contemporary output: only time will tell) to more scaled-down, but experimental artwork that appeared to be more in tune with the 21st century comics approach. The modern Desperate Dan in particular was a world away from the Watkins model, but this was probably better than continuing to reprint the originals, which seemed positively archaic alongside the material that the modern Dandy was producing. Indeed, even relatively recent entries like Cuddles and Dimples looked a tad dated in comparison to the no-holds-barred, post-modern look of the comic's update. [PAR] In some respects, the artwork and story approach of the modern Dandy mirrored the output (if not quite so abrasive) of 1980s IPC comic-mag OINK! which featured much ahead-of-its time cartoon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eagle Species List - Birding and Wild Birds Complete Eagle Species List - Types of Eagles [PAR] By Melissa Mayntz [PAR] Updated November 07, 2016. [PAR] Eagles are powerful predators, important cultural and societal symbols and some of the most sought-after raptors for birders to add to their life lists . Depending on how different species are classified there are more than 60 eagle species in the world, with the majority found in Africa and Asia. Birders who recognize the different types of eagles and are familiar with multiple eagle species will better appreciate the diversity of these amazing raptors. [PAR] Despite the strength and intelligence of these birds, however, eagles are also exceptionally vulnerable to different risks raptors face because of their long reproductive cycles and slow population growth. More than 30 eagle species \u2013 nearly half of all species of eagles \u2013 are considered vulnerable, threatened or endangered . Knowing which species need extra protection is the first step toward protecting all of these noble raptors. [PAR] Types of Eagles [PAR] While there are no officially designated different types of eagles, these birds' names often help sort them into different unofficial classifications. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 7 Hobbies That Can Make You Money [PAR] These casual notations are based on the birds' preferred prey or similarities to other raptors, such as... [PAR] Fish-Eagles - These raptors are exceptional fishermen and are most frequently found in coastal areas where fish are abundant. Their diets are often primarily piscivorous , though they do hunt other prey and can still be found in some inland ranges. [PAR] [PAR] Hawk-Eagles and Buzzard-Eagles - These eagles show a great number of similarities to hawks and small, immature hawk-eagles or buzzard-eagles may even be confused for hawks. Their markings and coloration can be similar to hawks, and their bills are often smaller than other, larger eagles. [PAR] [PAR] Snake-Eagles and Serpent-Eagles - These eagles are clever hunters of reptiles, especially snakes of different sizes, and they may even be ophiophagous . Venomous snakes are no problem for these raptors to hunt, and they are often found in habitats such as deserts or tropical regions where snakes are more abundant. [PAR] It is important to note that these unofficial classifications are not exclusive. Many eagles that are not called \"fish-eagles\" still hunt fish, many eagles not called \"hawk-eagles\" can still look similar to hawks and many eagles not called \"snake-eagles\" will prey on any snakes they can catch. Because these birds have wide ranges, it is also common for a single eagle species to have several different common names, each of which may highlight a different characteristic or trait. Because common names can be so widely varied and confusing, learning and using birds' scientific names to note individual species is always a good idea for official lists and records. [PAR] Alphabetical List of Eagle Species [PAR] Sorted by Common Name [PAR] * - Considered threatened or vulnerable due to population decreases and growing survival threats [PAR] ** - Listed as endangered and in critical danger of extinction if conservation is not implemented (Classifications by BirdLife International ) [PAR] African Fish-Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer) [PAR] *Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) [PAR] **Flores Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus floris) [PAR] *Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) [PAR] *Grey-headed Fish-Eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus) [PAR] *Indian Spotted Eagle (Aquila hastata) [PAR] **Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) [PAR] Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) [PAR] Little Eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides) [PAR] *New Guinea Eagle (Harpyopsis novaeguineae) [PAR] New Guinea Hawk-Eagle (Hieraaetus weiskei) [PAR] *Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) [PAR] *South Nicobar Serpent-Eagle (Spilornis klossi) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Invincible (2006) - IMDb Invincible (2006) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Based on the story of Vince Papale, a 30-year-old bartender from South Philadelphia who overcame long odds to play for the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles in 1976. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 04 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 17 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 20 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Invincible \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] When a plane crash claims the lives of members of the Marshall University football team and some of its fans, the team's new coach and his surviving players try to keep the football program alive. [PAR] Director: McG [PAR] Rudy has always been told that he was too small to play college football. But he is determined to overcome the odds and fulfill his dream of playing for Notre Dame. [PAR] Director: David Anspaugh [PAR] Based on H.G. Bissinger's book, which profiled the economically depressed town of Odessa, Texas and their heroic high school football team, The Permian High Panthers. [PAR] Director: Peter Berg [PAR] The true story of a newly appointed African-American coach and his high school team on their first season as a racially integrated unit. [PAR] Director: Boaz Yakin [PAR] Controversy surrounds high school basketball coach Ken Carter after he benches his entire team for breaking their academic contract with him. [PAR] Director: Thomas Carter [PAR] In 1966, Texas Western coach Don Haskins led the first all-black starting line-up for a college basketball team to the NCAA national championship. [PAR] Director: James Gartner [PAR] Miracle tells the true story of Herb Brooks (Russell), the player-turned-coach who led the 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team to victory over the seemingly invincible Russian squad. [PAR] Director: Gavin O'Connor [PAR] The story of Jackie Robinson from his signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers organization in 1945 to his historic 1947 rookie season when he broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball. [PAR] Director: Brian Helgeland [PAR] A drama based on the life of college football hero Ernie Davis, the first African-American to win the Heisman Trophy. [PAR] Director: Gary Fleder [PAR] Teenagers at a juvenile detention center, under the leadership of their counselor, gain self-esteem by playing football together. [PAR] Director: Phil Joanou [PAR] A coach with a checkered past and a local drunk train a small town high school basketball team to become a top contender for the championship. [PAR] Director: David Anspaugh [PAR] The story of Michael Oher, a homeless and traumatized boy who became an All American football player and first round NFL draft pick with the help of a caring woman and her family. [PAR] Director: John Lee Hancock [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In the sumer of 1976, 30-year old Vince Papale is having a tough run of luck. He's been working as a substitute teacher for two days a week but has just found"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ images about Triumph Motorcycles on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about Triumph Motorcycles on Pinterest | Triumph bonneville custom, Triumph cafe racer and Triumph bobber [PAR] Top 5 Triumph Motorcycles On eBay This Week [PAR] Motorcycle Marque,Bobber Motorcycle,2008 Bonnieville Ideas,Top 5,Triumph Motorcycles,5 Triumph,British Thunder,Dive,Fly [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Appendix:Glossary of nautical terms - Wiktionary Appendix:Glossary of nautical terms - Wiktionary [PAR] Appendix:Glossary of nautical terms [PAR] This is a glossary of nautical terms; some remain current, many date from the 17th-19th century. [PAR] Contents: [PAR] A[ edit ] [PAR] above board - On or above the deck, in plain view, not hiding anything. [PAR] act of pardon / act of grace - A letter from a state or power authorising action by a privateer . Also see letter of marque . [PAR] abaft - Towards the stern, relative to some object (\"abaft the fore hatch\") [PAR] abaft the beam - A relative bearing of greater than 90 degrees from the bow. e.g. \"two points abaft the port beam.\" [PAR] abandon ship - An imperative to leave the vessel immediately, usually in the face of some imminent danger. [PAR] abeam - 'On the beam', a relative bearing at right angles to the centerline of the ship's keel . [PAR] Abel Brown - A sea song (shanty) about a young sailor trying to sleep with a maiden. [1] . [PAR] aboard - On or in a vessel. - Close aboard means near a ship. [PAR] absentee pennant - Special pennant flown to indicate absence of commanding officer, admiral, his chief of staff, or officer whose flag is flying (division, squadron, or flotilla commander). [PAR] accommodation ladder - A portable flight of steps down a ship's side. [PAR] admiralty - a high naval authority in charge of a state's Navy or a major territorial component. In the Royal Navy (UK) the Board of Admiralty, executing the office of the Lord High Admiral, promulgates Naval law in the form of Queen's (or King's) Regulations and Admiralty Instructions. [PAR] admiralty law - Body of law that deals with maritime cases. In UK administered by the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice. [PAR] adrift - Afloat and unattached in any way to the shore or seabed. It may also imply that a vessel is not anchored and not under control, therefore goes where the wind and current take her, (Loose from moorings, or out of place). [PAR] advance note - A note for one month's wages issued to sailors on their signing a ship's articles. [PAR] aft - Towards the stern (of the vessel) [PAR] afternoon watch - The 1200-1600 watch. [PAR] aground - Resting on or touching the ground or bottom. [PAR] ahead - Forward of the bow. [PAR] ahoy - A cry to draw attention. Term used to hail a boat or a ship, as \"Boat ahoy!\" [PAR] aid to navigation - (ATON) Any device external to a vessel or aircraft specifically intended to assist navigators in determining their position or safe course, or to warn them of dangers or obstructions to navigation. [PAR] all hands - Entire ship's company, both officers and enlisted personnel. [PAR] all night in - Having no night watches. [PAR] aloft - Above the ship's uppermost solid structure; overhead or high above. [PAR] Alongside - By the side of a ship or pier. [PAR] amidships (or midships ) - In the middle portion of ship, along the line of the keel. [PAR] anchor - An object designed to prevent or slow the drift of a ship, attached to the ship by a line or chain; typically a metal , hook like, object designed to grip the bottom under the body of water. [PAR] anchorage - A suitable place for a ship to anchor. Area of a port or harbor. [PAR] anchor's aweigh - Said of an anchor when just clear"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Find an Herm\u00e8s store Find an Herm\u00e8s store [PAR] Determines if a visitor is coming to the website for the first time. [PAR] Optional [PAR] Managing your cookie preferences [PAR] You can easily disable and/or delete cookies from your computer, tablet or mobile phone by managing your browser settings. [PAR] We recommend that you do not disable cookies strictly necessary for the website to function (cookie described as\"essential\" in the \"What cookies do we use?\" table under the heading \"Information about cookies\") because this would prevent you from enjoying the services of the stores.digital.hermes.com. [PAR] In order to manage cookies to best suit your needs, please bear in mind the purpose of cookies when setting your browser. [PAR] Please find below instructions about managingand disabling cookies, depending on your browser: [PAR] Internet Explorer [PAR] find an Herm\u00e8s store [PAR] Sorry, no shop has been found within 150km radius. [PAR] Legal mentions [PAR] 1. Publisher of the site [PAR] This Store locator site is published by HERMES INTERNATIONAL, a soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en commandite par actions (two-tier partnership limited by shares) with a registered capital of 53,840,400.12 euros, declared in the trade and companies register of Paris, France, under No. 572 076 396, having its registered offices at 24, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor\u00e9 - 75008 Paris [PAR] Establishment (SIRET) registration No.: 572 076 396 00017 [PAR] E.C. VAT number: FR 52 572 076 396 [PAR] Tel. +33 (0)1 40 17 49 20 [PAR] The site, its various functions and its graphical model were designed by the company AM / PM (Muriel Abecassis, Philippe Moyen). [PAR] [PAR] Publication director: Axel Dumas, Emile Herm\u00e8s Sarl [PAR] Editorial manager: Wilfried Guerrand [PAR] Artistic direction: Pierre-Alexis Dumas - Muriel Abecassis and Philippe Moyen (AM / PM). [PAR] Development and integration: Kaliop [PAR] [PAR] 3. Hosting of the site [PAR] The HERMES INTERNATIONAL site is hosted by Oxalide, having its registered offices at 25, boulevard de Strasbourg 75010 Paris. Tel. : +33 (0)1 75 771 666 [PAR] [PAR] 4. Cookies [PAR] 4.1 Use of cookies on the HERMES INTERNATIONAL site [PAR] HERMES INTERNATIONAL reserves the right to use stored connection information (Cookies) or similar systems on the Store locator site, following agreement from the user if required by applicable laws and regulations, in order to facilitate your browsing of this site and in order to customise the information which appears on it. HERMES INTERNATIONAL also reserves the right to use similar systems to collect information about users of the Store locator site, such as their IP address, type of web browser and operating system used and/or the pages of the webiste which a user visits, for statistical or security purposes. HERMES INTERNATIONAL may collect these data in order to monitor use of the site and improve certain aspects of it. [PAR] 4.2 Session cookie used for statistical purposes [PAR] For reasons connected with the technology used by one of our service providers, visiting our site will, where possible, cause a session cookie to be used, following agreement from the user if required by applicable laws and regulations, for the purposes of statistical analysis and measuring the site readership. You may however deactivate this cookie in the settings of your browser software. [PAR] This site uses XITI, a website analysis service published by AT INTERNET. XITI uses cookies, which are text files stored in your computer, to help the website analyse use of the site by its users. The data generated by the cookies concerning your use of the site (including your IP address) will be passed on to and stored by XITI on servers located in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elton John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Elton John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Elton John [PAR] EltonJohn.com [PAR] Sir Elton Hercules [1] John, CBE [2] (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 ) is an English pop / rock singer , composer and pianist . In a career spanning five decades, Elton John has sold over 250 million records [3] and has over 50 Top 40 hits, making him one of the most successful musicians of all time. [PAR] John was one of the dominant commercial forces in the rock world during the 1970s, with a string of seven consecutive #1 records on the U.S. album charts, 23 Top 40 singles, 16 Top 10 ones, and six #1 hits. His success had a profound impact on popular music , and contributed to the continued popularity of the piano in rock and roll . Key musical elements in John's success included his melodic gifts matched with the contributions of his lyricist partner Bernie Taupin , his rich tenor and gospel -chorded piano, aggressive string arrangements, and his flamboyant fashion sense and on-stage showmanship. [PAR] In the early 1990s, John publicly revealed the personal costs of his rock-star extravagance: his ongoing struggle with drug abuse , depression and bulimia .[ citation needed ] He continues to be a major public figure, and has been heavily involved in the fight against AIDS since the late 1980s . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 and was knighted in 1998, and has remained an enduringly successful artist. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Life and career [PAR] Early years (1947\u20131962) [PAR] Reginald Kenneth Dwight was born in Pinner , Middlesex , a London suburb. His father, Stanley Dwight, was an officer in the Royal Air Force and was frequently away. When the elder Dwight was home, he was demanding, disapproving, and difficult to please, a frightening countenance. Reggie's mother, the former Sheila Harris, was strict, but in contrast to her husband was Elton's true mentor, confidant, and confidence-booster. Years later, she said that her son grew up \"a bundle of nerves.\" Reggie's childhood was marred by terrible arguments between his parents. But something happened in 1950 that would set his life on an immutable course; at age three, he started playing the piano by ear. [PAR] The home's general tunefulness encouraged Reggie's entry into music. Stanley Dwight had once played trumpet with an American-styled big band called Bob Miller and The Millermen. He and Sheila were avid record buyers, exposing Reggie to the music of pianists Winifred Atwell , Nat King Cole , and George Shearing , and to singers Rosemary Clooney , Frank Sinatra , Kay Starr , Johnny Ray , Guy Mitchell , Jo Stafford , and Frankie Laine . By the time he was four, his parents recognized Reggie's talent, and would often ask him to play at parties. [PAR] In 1956, Reggie discovered Elvis Presley . Soon his mother was buying him records by rock 'n' roll acts like Presley and Bill Haley and His Comets . By the time he started attending the Royal Academy of Music on a scholarship at age 11, Reggie's musical mind was firmly wedded to rock'n'roll. [PAR] Reggie preferred playing by ear. Subprofessor Helen Piena once said that upon the boy's entrance into the Academy, she'd played him a four-page piece by Handel , which he promptly played back for her like a \"gramophone record.\" Reggie enjoyed playing Chopin and Bach and singing in the choir during his Saturday"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rivers and Streams - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S ... Rivers and Streams - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Rivers and Streams [PAR] Rivers and Streams [PAR] Rivers and Streams [PAR] Water is a vital natural resource, particularly in the arid southwest. Most of the flow of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon originates in the Rocky Mountain region. From its origin to its mouth in the Gulf of California, many hands have claimed the Colorado waters for such purposes as irrigation and water supply. [PAR] The Colorado River within the boundaries of Grand Canyon National Park drains an area of approximately 41,070 square miles. The major perennial streams feeding into the Colorado (such as Kanab and Havasu creeks, the Little Colorado River and the Paria River) are related to large perennial spring systems on both the north and south sides of the Canyon. However, the majority of water sources are intermittent or ephemeral in nature. The availability of water in these individual systems is closely related to geologic structure, seasonality and annual precipitation. Knowledge of all water sources within Grand Canyon is incomplete. A partial inventory was done in 1979 over a 1,881 square mile area of the park which found 57 perennial water sources, 21 of which are streams and 36 which are seeps. Specific geologic layers, such as the Muav limestone, are the most common sources for these perennial waters."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shealane Country House Valentia Island, Kerry - Book a B&B Shealane Country House Valentia Island Kerry Bed and Breakfast Ireland [PAR] Kerry, [PAR] Ireland [PAR] Mary and Jim welcome you to share the Island experience while staying in our 4**** rated Failte Ireland Registered bed and Breakfast, we are privilaged to be surrounded by stunning scenery from the Kerry Mountains to the wild Atlantic Ocean. Ideally located on beautiful Valentia Island off the South West Coast of County Kerry, on the scenic Skellig Ring adjacent to the Ring of Kerry, on an Island yet just a short walk across the Bridge to the picturesque fishing village of Portmagee on the mainland, enjoy the delights of the pubs, restuarants, and village life. Boat trips to the Skellig Rocks an U.N.E.S.C.O. heritage site arranged for our guests a must see. Facilities in each bright spacious room include en-suite, king size beds, tea/coffee, 22\" tv with saor view channels, cd/clock radio, local information folder, complimentry toiletries, face cloths, bottle water, all rooms are individually decorated with sea, mountain and garden views. We have free off street private parking, free unlimited WIFI in all rooms. read more...[DOC] [TLE] 11 Hotels in Valentia Island, Ireland - Best Price ... The 5 best hotels in Valentia Island, Ireland - Booking.com [PAR] reviews [PAR] We ventured as far as Portmagee for a cruise around the... [PAR] We ventured as far as Portmagee for a cruise around the Skelligs (we could not get a reservation to land), and stayed on Valentia Island. If you have a spare hour or two, just drive up to the top of their mountain, and enjoy the view, which includes an old light house, fort, and slate mine to one side, and the Skelligs to the other. Valentia is not itself a destination, but offers a pleasant experience to those who overnight there. Of course, the Skellig Experience installation is on Valentia (just across the bridge from Portmagee, and we took a cruise around the Skelligs from there, but I would not really count that as Valentia Island: that is the Atlantic Ocean. [PAR] Lena [PAR] reviews [PAR] One of the most beautiful places in the country. [PAR] One of the most beautiful places in the country. Views are outstanding. Portmagee is a lovely village and you can hike (2.5km) or drive to the Kerry Cliffs where you'll see Skellig Michael. Over the bridge and onto the island, you can visit Bray head and GeoKaun Mountain for more stunning views. Knightstown is quaint little village. Lovely second hand bookstore. Bostons pub do lovely food. Drive to the lighthouse where the guides are lovely and very informative! You can then go see the tetrapod footprints, go to the grotto and back for dinner! [PAR] Stephen [PAR] Royal Hotel Valentia [PAR] \u201cHotel upgraded us to Seaview which we were thrilled with. Nice big room had all that you needed too. Beds were super comfy and the shower was a dream didn't want to get out! But I must say the staff were superb nothing too much trouble!\u201d [PAR] Shealane Country House Bed and Breakfast [PAR] \u201cWe had a Beautiful Room with a king bed, and an exceptional breakfast. Our hosts were wonderful. The view of Portmagee from the breakfast room was breathtakingly beautiful! The accommodations were great and very reasonably priced. Will stay here again on our next trip to Ireland!\u201d [PAR] Atlantic Villa [PAR] \u201cJackie, the host, was very friendly and helpful. The room was spotless and the breakfast was one of the best ones we've had in Ireland - the traditional"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 32 Points of the Compass Rose The 32 points of the Compass Rose [PAR] Engraved Compasses the 'gift of direction' 1.800.626.1520 [PAR] Home > The 32 Points of the Compass Rose [PAR] Find an engraved or personalized compass gift at The Compass Company. Compasses with custom engraving make perfect gifts for personal use, corporate awards, and recognition. [PAR] The 32 Points of the Compass Rose [PAR] Want to impress your friends? Did you know the Compass Rose has 32 wind directions? Do you know what an Azimuth refers to in navigation? (In navigation, the reference plane is typically true north and is considered 0\ufffd azimuth. Moving clockwise, a point due east would have an azimuth of 90\ufffd, south 180\ufffd, and west 270\ufffd. Some navigation systems use south as the reference plane. However, any direction can serve as the plane of reference, as long as it is clearly defined for everyone using that system.) [PAR] Here are the 32 wind points of a compass rose along with their corellary direction and azimuth: [PAR] The 32 Points of the Compass Rose: [PAR] Point Direction Azimuth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sullom Voe Port Authority | The British Ports Association Sullom Voe Port Authority | The British Ports Association [PAR] The British Ports Association [PAR] Home / Our Members / Members Directory [PAR] The port of Sullom Voe is a major deep water harbour and is owned and operated by Shetland Islands Council as Harbour Authority. [PAR] The Port Administration Building, from which all marine operations are monitored and controlled, is located on Sella Ness in position 60\u00ba26.8\u2019N, 01\u00ba16.5\u2019W. [PAR] Other ports in the group cover fishing, leisure and oil support vessels. [PAR] Region"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Countries on the Equator - Infoplease Countries on the Equator [PAR] How many countries does the equator pass through? [PAR] The Answer: [PAR] The equator passes through 13 countries: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati. [PAR] For more information about these places, visit our Countries of the World page. [PAR] \u2014The Editors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Florida? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Florida? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Florida [PAR] The Capital City of Florida is the city of Tallahassee. The population of Tallahassee was 181,412 (367,413 in the metropolitan area). [PAR] Florida is one of the states in the United States of America . [PAR] Additional Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vaduz - Liquid Blue Band Vaduz [PAR] Vaduz [PAR] Vaduz, Liechtenstein - Nov. 25, 2006 [PAR] Vaduz is the capital of the principality of Liechtenstein and the seat of the national parliament. [PAR] The Principality of Liechtenstein is a small, landlocked country in Central Europe [PAR] It is the smallest German-speaking country in the world. [PAR] Politics of Liechtenstein is a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy [PAR] Liechtenstein is situated in the Upper Rhine valley of the European Alps. [PAR] Liechtenstein is currently the only country in the world with more registered companies than citizens [PAR] It has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy [PAR] Liechtenstein is the fourth smallest country of Europe, after the Vatican City, Monaco and San Marino [PAR] Vaduz, Liechtenstein is considering a bid for either the 2018 Winter Olympics or 2022 Winter Olympics [PAR] Liechtenstein is a country with a very high standard of living, higher than Switzerland or the USA [PAR] Liechtenstein is one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world [PAR] Copyright 1996-2015. Liquid Blue Inc. All Rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] A walk in Liechtenstein: Schaan and Vaduz - YouTube A walk in Liechtenstein: Schaan and Vaduz - YouTube [PAR] A walk in Liechtenstein: Schaan and Vaduz [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 14, 2012 [PAR] This is a video of my trip to Liechtenstein I did in October 2012. Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over 160 square kilometres, and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan. Liechtenstein has the highest gross domestic product per person in the world when adjusted by purchasing power parity, and has the world's lowest external debt. Liechtenstein also has the second lowest unemployment rate in the world at 1.5% (Monaco is first). Liechtenstein is the smallest yet the richest (by measure of GDP per capita) German-speaking country and the only country to lie entirely within the Alps. It is known as a principality as it is a constitutional monarchy headed by a prince. Liechtenstein is divided into 11 municipalities. Much of its terrain is mountainous, making it a winter sports destination. Many cultivated fields and small farms characterize its landscape both in the south (Oberland, upper land) and in the north (Unterland, lower land). The country has a strong financial sector located in the capital, Vaduz, and has been identified as a tax haven. It is a member of the European Free Trade Association and part of the European Economic Area and the Schengen Area, but not of the European Union. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Morocco? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Morocco? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Morocco [PAR] The Capital City of Morocco (officially named Kingdom of Morocco) is the city of Rabat. The population of Rabat in the year 2008 was 31,352,000. [PAR] Morocco, formerly known as French Morocco, is an Arabic speaking country on the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] Rabat, capital city of Morocco Rabat, capital city of Morocco [PAR] All... [PAR] Rabat, capital city of Morocco [PAR] Rabat has all the cosmopolitan chic of Casablanca minus the frantic pace and gritty atmosphere. Well-kept and quite European, the city is elegant, hassle-free and unhurried, making it Morocco's greatest delight. Most travelers quickly fall in love with the city, and it is easy to see why with its abundance of world-class restaurants, appealing markets, historic sights and old-world charm. [PAR] The oldest part of the city is also the most intriguing. There, whitewashed houses line the narrow streets, the cliff-top perch offers powerful views of the sea, and the tranquil and peaceful atmosphere makes it a perfect place for wandering. For the most dramatic introduction to the area, enter through the gate of Bab Oudaia, which has greeted visitors since 1195. The series of elaborately carved arches gives way to the main street, Rue Jamaa. The oldest mosque in Rabat is right down the street, where it has welcomed worshippers since the 12th century. [PAR] The most famous landmark in the capital is Le Tour Hassan, an enormous minaret whose ambitious architectural plans were never completed. In the late 12th century, Yacoub al-Mansour, an Almohad sultan, dreamed of building the largest minaret in the Muslim world, but his death four years later thwarted the plan. Instead of reaching heights of over 60 meters, the tower was abandoned at 44 meters, but it still lords over the surrounding area with its intricately carved tower. Today, the minaret remains a symbol of Al-Mansour's grandiose plans and one of the most beautiful sights in all of Rabat. [PAR] The best way to see the city is by foot, and there is no better place to wander than at the flea market along the Rue des Consuls. Upon entering the sprawling market, you will find yourself surrounded with colorful carpets, luxurious leather goods, copper crafts, fine fabrics and more. The maze of vendors ends in an open area that once was the site of slave auctions. [PAR] To learn more about the history of Morocco, visit the Archaeology Museum. The collection's highlight is the Salle des Bronzes, a gallery teeming with statuary, ceramics and artifacts collected from the Roman settlements at Chellah, Volubilis and Lixus. For an even better glimpse into the Roman history of the area, visit the Domus Romana, the excavated remains of a 1st-century BC townhouse. The original peristyle court survives, hugged by a geometric border. Many fragments and artifacts from the Roman period are on display there, including oil lamps, sculptures, pottery fragment and amphorae. [PAR] Rabat also has a rich religious heritage, apparent in its high concentration of churches and mosques.The 14th-century Grand Mosqu\u00e9e evokes awe as the Islamic world's second-largest mosque. Seventy-eight pillars support the perfectly symmetrical Prayer Hall, and rich sculptured woods, intricate stucco designs, decorative arabesques and brilliantly-colored geometrical motives dazzle in nearly every inch of the massive space. [PAR] Inside Mausolee Mohammed V [PAR] Other interesting sights in the city include the Museum of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Permit to Visit Mount Everest - Tibet Travel, Tibet Tours ... Permit to Visit Mount Everest [PAR] Permit to Visit Mount Everest [PAR] Home > Tibet Travel Permit >Permit to Visit Mount Everest [PAR] Guaranteed Tibet Permit for 2017 & 2018 [PAR] Benefiting from the favorable policy, Tibet Vista can guarantee you a Tibet Permit. In the past years, we've organized over 54,000 individual travelers and more than 1,000 tour groups with assured permits to Tibet, even during the very difficult period of time in early 2012. Now, we're taking reservations for 2017 and 2018 Tibet tours. Do not hesitate to contact us if you are planning a trip to Tibet. Click the best of Tibet tours here. [PAR] Permit to Visit Mount Everest [PAR] October,23 2015 BY Catherine Go 0 COMMENTS [PAR] Do people need a permit to visit Mount Everest in Tibet? [PAR] Mount Everest is the highest mountain whose peak is 8848 meters above sea level. The international border between China and Nepal runs across the precise summit point. It attracts numerous tourists at home and abroad as well as swarms of experienced mountaineers every year. [PAR] The best time to visit Mt. Everest for travelers is from April to May and September to October. Most of them choose to start from Lhasa and then drive all the way to the Everest Base Camp (EBC, at an elevation of 5200 meters). Gyantse and Shigatse are absolutely 2 must-go cities with profound culture and history. Tourists could also visit Yamdroktso Lake , Karola Glacier and Tashilhunpo Monastery on the way. After the amazing Mt. Everest tour, they can either return to Lhasa or go westward to Nepal. [PAR] Ascending Mt. Everest via Tibet is a lifetime dream for every mountaineer, since the north route in Tibet is far more challenging than the south one in Nepal. Every April and May, mountaineers from all over the world gather together at the EBC, preparing for their tough Mt. Everest journey. [PAR] It is mentioned countless times in our website that foreigners traveling in Tibet need to apply for various kinds of permits. Then what documents are required when planning a trip to Mt. Everest? Because this mountain is situated in China\u2019s border area, every foreign traveler needs to apply for at least three permits. [PAR] The first one is Tibet Travel Permit issued by the Tibet Tourism Bureau, but it has to be applied through a Tibet travel agency. The application documents vary according to different types of Chinese Visa you have. More Information Apply for Tibet Visa for Travel . This procedure normally takes 7 days or so. Because this permit needs to be delivered to travelers from Tibet, you\u2019d better provide necessary documents 10 or 15 days before the tour. You will be asked to show valid permit before boarding a train or a plane. By the way, the travel agency will charge some service fee for the permit application. [PAR] The second one is Frontier Pass, which can be applied through Armed Police Tibet Frontier Corps in Lhasa. Without this paper, foreign travelers won\u2019t be allowed to go to Mt. Everest or Nepal via Zhangmu Border . Even if you fly to Kathmandu from Lhasa, you will be asked to show the pass at the airport. The application costs 1-1.5 hours. The documents needed are as follows: [PAR] 1. original copy of Tibet Travel Permit [PAR] 2. copy of passport"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington : Wikis (The Full ... Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington [PAR] Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington: Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] Top rankings for Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington [PAR] 179th [PAR] Top duels [PAR] Did you know ... [PAR] the first and only President of London 's Oriental Club was the Duke of Wellington (pictured)? [PAR] the Duke of Wellington had not seen Kitty Pakenham for ten years when he proposed marriage to her in 1806? [PAR] Marshal Soult 's last offensive against the Duke of Wellington 's forces in the Peninsular War was lost before a single red coat could join the battle? [PAR] Sergeant James Graham was declared the \"bravest man at Waterloo \" for closing the North Gate at Hougoumont , an act which Wellington claimed saved the battle? [PAR] More interesting facts on Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington [PAR] Include this on your site/blog: [PAR] 14 November 1834 \u2013 10 December 1834 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] 22 January 1828 \u2013 16 November 1830 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order [PAR] Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG , KP , GCB , GCH , PC , FRS ( c. 29 April/1 May 1769 \u2013 14 September 1852), was an Anglo-Irish [1] soldier and statesman , and one of the leading military and political figures of the nineteenth century. [PAR] Born in Ireland to a prominent Ascendancy family, he was commissioned an ensign in the British Army in 1787. Serving in Ireland as aide-de-camp to two successive Lords Lieutenant of Ireland he was also elected as a Member of Parliament in the Irish House of Commons . A colonel by 1796, Wellesley saw action in the Netherlands and later India where he fought in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle of Seringapatam . He was later appointed governor of Seringapatam and Mysore . [PAR] Wellesley rose to prominence as a general during the Peninsular campaign of the Napoleonic Wars , and was promoted to the rank of field marshal after leading the allied forces to victory against the French at the Battle of Vitoria in 1813. Following Napoleon's exile in 1814, he served as the ambassador to France and was granted a Dukedom . During the Hundred Days in 1815, he commanded the allied army which defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo . [PAR] An opponent of parliamentary reform, he was given the epithet the \"Iron Duke\" because of the iron shutters he had fixed to his windows to stop the pro-reform mob from breaking them. He was twice Prime Minister under the Tory party and oversaw the passage of the Catholic Relief Act 1829 . He was Prime Minister from 1828\u201330 and served briefly in 1834. He was unable to prevent the passage of the Reform Act of 1832 and continued as one of the leading figures in the House of Lords until his retirement. He remained Commander-in-Chief of the British Army until his death in 1852. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 13 External links [PAR] Early life [PAR] The earliest mention of the Wellesley family is in 1180. It places Wellington\u2019s ancestry among the conquering elite of the Norman invasion in 1066: the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Turkey? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Turkey? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Turkey [PAR] The Capital City of Turkey (officially named Republic of Turkey) is the city of Ankara. The population of Ankara in the year 2008 was 71,517,100 (12,573,836 in the metropolitan area). [PAR] Turkey is a Turkish speaking country on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea. [PAR] Additional Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hague, Capital of The Netherlands - Imgflip The Hague, Capital of The Netherlands - Imgflip [PAR] The Hague, Capital of The Netherlands [PAR] 1,237 views, 1 upvote [PAR] CometHunter [PAR] 1 up, 1 reply [PAR] The Hague is the seat of government in the Netherlands, and the capital city of the province of South Holland. Amsterdam is the capital city and most populous city of the KINGDOM of the Netherlands. Its status as the Dutch capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands [PAR] reply [PAR] Thank you, but I'm Dutch myself! ;) [PAR] reply [PAR] CometHunter [PAR] 1 up, 1 reply [PAR] So, why did you say Amsterdam is a country? Please, I'm not being a troll...I'm genuinely curious ..... It wasn't until recently that I could finally explain the differences between England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom! LOL [PAR] reply [PAR] Bartacus [PAR] 1 up, 1 reply [PAR] Haha, the reason I say this because a lot of people (especially Americans) really think Amsterdam is a country. I thought it would be a funny meme, that's all! lol [PAR] reply[DOC] [TLE] Is Amsterdam or Den Haag the Capital of the Netherlands? Is Amsterdam or Den Haag the Capital of the Netherlands [PAR] Is Amsterdam or Den Haag the Capital of the Netherlands? [PAR] Updated July 29, 2016. [PAR] Is Amsterdam or Den Haag the Capital of the Netherlands? [PAR] Amsterdam is the official capital city of the Netherlands. However, Den Haag (The Hague) is the official seat of government, home to the Netherlands' monarch, parliament, \u200band supreme court. [PAR] Amsterdam is the capital of finance and business in the country, as it boasts its own stock exchange (Amsterdam Stock Exchange, AEX) and several multinational companies are headquartered here. Many would also say that Amsterdam is the cultural, design and shopping hub of the Netherlands, with its dozens of world-class museums, art studios and galleries, fashion houses, shops, \u200band boutiques. Interestingly, Amsterdam is not the capital of Noord-Holland (North Holland), the Dutch province in which it is located (the Netherlands is divided into 12 provinces). The capital of North Holland is nearby Haarlem. [PAR] Den Haag is also where foreign national embassies are located, while Amsterdam is typically home to those countries' corresponding, smaller consular offices."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Popular Beers - Beers from 35 Countries - Thrillist Most Popular Beers - Beers from 35 Countries - Thrillist [PAR] Flickr/Alpha [PAR] CHINA - Snow Beer [PAR] FUN FACT: Despite the fact that you've probably never heard of it, Snow Beer is actually the most popular (meaning best-selling) beer in the entire world. It's sold almost exclusively in China, which apparently has a lot of people. [PAR] CZECH REPUBLIC - Pilsner Urquell [PAR] Pilsner Urquell was the first pilsner beer in the entire world (invented in 1842). [PAR] DENMARK - Carlsberg [PAR] Despite also being the best-selling beer in Russia, Carlsberg is very much a Danish invention (and has the distinction of being the flagship brew of the fifth-largest brewery group in the world). [PAR] ETHIOPIA - St. George Lager [PAR] In Ethiopia, beer has long been a drink of choice, and the crisp St. George out of Addis Ababa has helped cool down locals and travelers since 1922. [PAR] Flickr/s_a_i_d_a [PAR] FRENCH POLYNESIA - Hinano [PAR] Tahitian treat Hinano tastes like a hybrid of Heineken & Bud and packs a low punch, which is a good thing considering it's best consumed by the icy bucketful on a white-sanded beach. Also, this and Tabu are pretty much the only options in the archipelago. They taste the same. [PAR] INDIA - Kingfisher [PAR] With a market share of over 50%, Kingfisher is akin to some sort of monarch in the Indian beer world. [PAR] INDONESIA - Bintang Beer [PAR] Bintang's bottle looks a lot like a Heineken... it apparently tastes like a Heineken... but it's not Heineken, dammit (although it is owned by them)! It's a Pilsner-style beer brewed in Surabaya. [PAR] related [PAR] Flickr/Crispin Semmens [PAR] ISRAEL - Goldstar [PAR] There's a pretty large debate raging in Israel about whether Goldstar or competitor Maccabee is the better beer. But despite the fact that Goldstar edges out sales of Maccabee ever so slightly, they're both made by Tempo Beer Industries. So... those guys win. [PAR] ITALY - Peroni [PAR] While being slightly more well-known the world over for their Nastro Azzurro, Peroni Brewery in Italy has more in-country fame for its eponymous pale lager. [PAR] JAMAICA - Red Stripe [PAR] The famous, stout little bottles. The strong desire to get little beads woven into your hair after you drink a few. This one's a no-brainer. [PAR] Flickr/Pietro Zuco [PAR] JAPAN - Asahi [PAR] The four major beer producers in Japan are Asahi, Sapporo, Kirin, and Suntory (yes, THAT Suntory). They're all in close competition, but recently, Asahi has narrowly edged past its rivals -- somehow without the aid of Bill Murray. [PAR] KENYA - Tusker [PAR] Tusker, East Africa's best-selling beer, was so-named because the brewery founder was killed in an elephant-hunting accident. And now people are reminded of it every time they drink. It kinda sucks. [PAR] LAOS - Beerlao [PAR] Beerlao is half-owned by the Laotian government and half-owned by Carlsberg, and claims to have a 99% market share... so it's got that going for it, which is nice. [PAR] Flickr/Antony Stanley [PAR] MADAGASCAR - Three Horses Beer [PAR] Collectively referred to by locals as \"THB\", Three Horses Beer produces a variety of brews within Madagascar, but its flagship is its pilsner. [PAR] MEXICO - Modelo [PAR] Grupo Modelo, the largest Mexican brewery group, produces a bunch of beers you might recognize (Corona being chief among them), but most of them are exported directly to the US. Within the country itself, however, Modelo is king. [PAR] NETHERLANDS - Heineken [PAR] Ah, Heineken. Its distinctive green bottle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hallertau Hops | Where legends are made Hallertau Hops | Where legends are made [PAR] Hallertau Hops [PAR] Origin and Description [PAR] Think Hallertau Hops and think Bavarian beers styles. The Hallertau variety once dominated the region from which it was named before being replaced by a Hersbrucker and other hallertau varieties which or more tolerant of wilt. [PAR] Hallertau Hops has a very long history in German Lagers and its aromatic and flavor properties help to describe generations of beers from the area. Hallertau is an aromatic hops with an alpha acid rating at 3.5%-5.5%. This variety is considered a noble hops. This designation fits Tettnanger , Spalt , and Saaz as well, and refers to their high amounts of humulene, and low amounts of alpha acids. Also these varieties have high aromatic qualities. Hallertau itself has tempered yet spicy aroma. It is useful any time during the brewing process from kettle additions, but is more favorable for late additions or during dry hop. [PAR] As mentioned Hallertau has susceptibility to German Wilt. This along with its low producing yields are some of the reasons that it does not flourish as it once did. However the Hallertau mark has been made on brewing and is not going to go away as it is still prided as Bavarian Style. There are many other Hallertau variations, not so much from this specific strain, but more from breeding programs in and around Germany. Some of these other varieties include Hallertaur Aroma , Hallertaur Magnum , Hallertaur Mittelfr\u00fch , Hallertaur Taurus , Hallertaur Tradition , Pacific Hallertaur , and U.S. Hallertaur Hops. Wow, find a good lager recipe and start brewing. [PAR] Hallertau Hops Usage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Molson family reaches deal to purchase Canadiens | NHL.com Molson family reaches deal to purchase Canadiens | NHL.com [PAR] Molson family reaches deal to purchase Canadiens [PAR] Canadiens owners through the years [PAR] December 4, 1909 [PAR] During a meeting of the National Hockey Association (NHA), held in Room 129 of the Windsor Hotel, the Canadiens are founded by J. Ambrose O'Brien, a sportsman from Ottawa, with financial support from another magnate of the time, T.C. Hare. The latter providing the $1,000 required for the formation of a team as well as the $5,000 to guarantee the players' salaries. Mr. O'Brien delegates the task of forming and managing this new, largely francophone team, to Jack Laviolette . [PAR] November 12, 1910 [PAR] The NHA grants the Canadiens franchise to George Kendall-Kenndy and the club officially becomes Club Athl\u00e9tique Canadien, a name it retains until 1917. [PAR] November 3, 1921 [PAR] Upon the death of her husband, Mrs. Kennedy sells Club de Hockey Canadien to L\u00e9o Dandurand, Jos. Cattarinich and Louis A. L\u00e9tourneau for the sum of $11,500. [PAR] September 17, 1935 [PAR] Jos. Cattarinich and L\u00e9o Dandurand, sole owners of the Canadiens since the departure of Louis A. L\u00e9tourneau in 1931, sell the club to the Canadian Arena Company for $165,000. The latter, property of Senator Donat Raymond, already owns the Montreal Maroons. A syndicate is appointed composed of Ernest Savard, president, as well as Maurice Forget and Louis G\u00e9linas as principle directors to manage the Canadiens. [PAR] May 1940 [PAR] The Canadian Arena Company and its president, Senator Donat Raymond, as well as its vice-president, William Northey, take over the management of the Montreal Canadiens . Two years earlier, the Maroons had ceased operations. [PAR] September 24, 1957 [PAR] Senator Hartland de M. Molson and his brother, Thomas H.P. Molson, purchase Club de Hockey Canadien and the Canadian Arena Company. [PAR] May 15, 1964 [PAR] Senator Hartland de M. Molson and his brother Thomas H.P. Molson sell Club de Hockey Canadien and the Canadian Arena Company to their cousins, J. David, William A. and Peter B. Molson for approximately $5 million. [PAR] December 30, 1971 [PAR] Brothers J. David, William A. and Peter B. Molson sell the Canadian Arena Company and Club de Hockey Canadien to Placements Rondelle Lt\u00e9e for approximately $15million. The consortium, whose main shareholders are brothers Peter and Edward Bronfman, will later become Carena Bancorp. [PAR] August 4, 1978 [PAR] Molson Breweries of Canada Ltd., under the terms of an agreement with Carena Bancorp, acquire Club de Hockey Canadien and sign a long-term lease on the Forum covering the operation of the team as well as the entertainment division. [PAR] January 31, 2001 [PAR] Molson Inc. announces the acquistion of 80,1% of the Club de hockey Canadien and 100% of the Molson Centre to businessman George N. Gillett Jr. The deal is valued at $275 million. Molson Inc. retains 19,9% stake in the hockey team. The transaction is approved by the NHL board of Governors on June 19, 2001. [PAR] Source: ourhistory.canadiens.com [PAR] MONTREAL \u2013 George N. Gillett Jr and Geoff Molson announced today that they have reached an agreement in principle for the sale of the Gillett family's interests in the Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club, the Bell Centre and Gillett Entertainment Group. They will hold a news conference as soon as the agreement is finalized. [PAR] Mr. Gillett was very appreciative of the extraordinary interest shown by a number of parties in the Montreal Canadiens , and acknowledged the fine work accomplished by the organization's management over the past eight years. [PAR] Congratulating"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guinness Brewing | Guinness Storehouse Guinness Brewing | Guinness Storehouse \u00ae [PAR] Food & Drink [PAR] Brewers' Dining Hall [PAR] Inspired by the 18th-and 19th-century dining rooms at St James's Gate, the Brewers' Dining Hall features an open kitchen and a menu of iconic Guinness\u00ae dishes. [PAR] Share [PAR] Back to 5th 1837 Bar & Brasserie [PAR] 1837 Bar & Brasserie [PAR] This relaxed eatery takes its name from the year that the now-famous pairing of Guinness with oysters first hit the headlines. Enjoy small plates, hearty mains and sharing platters designed to perfectly complement our bold, flavourful beers. [PAR] Share [PAR] Back to Brewers' Dining Hall Arthur's Bar [PAR] Arthur's Bar [PAR] A tribute to the traditional Irish pub with hospitality to match, Arthur\u2019s Bar is a perfect place to soak up a little atmosphere, sample the many Guinness variants and savour breath-taking views of our fair city. [PAR] Share [PAR] Back to 1837 Bar & Brasserie [PAR] Connoisseur Experience [PAR] Book in at our luxurious private Connoisseur Bar for a tasting experience like no other. Our expert staff will be your personal guides on a journey leading right to the heart of the black stuff. [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the best Korean beer? : korea - reddit What is the best Korean beer? : korea [PAR] Submission guidelines (hover for details) [PAR] 1. Submissions should be on topic. [PAR] Submissions should be about news, culture, and life in Korea. Submissions may be removed if the linked content is not specifically about Korea. This can include translation requests, celebrity news, music videos, etc, if they have no larger relevance to Korea. [PAR] 2. No excessive submissions or spam. [PAR] In order to prevent any one user from flooding the subreddit, excessive submissions are prohibited. Excessive is defined as more than 2 submissions in the past 12 hours. Self-promotion is allowed but no spam . [PAR] 3. Read the FAQ and use the search box. [PAR] Read the FAQ , browse the front page, see the common topics list, or use the search box to see if your submission was recently made or covered. Articles about a recent topic may be removed if they do not contribute enough new information. Also, don't ask questions that could be answered by a search engine. [PAR] 4. Don't editorialize news submissions. [PAR] Titles for news articles should ideally be as close to the title of the page as possible. Summarizing an article is ok, but keep it free of opinion, commentary, or loaded language not contained in the article. [PAR] 5. No personal information. [PAR] No personally identifying information of another reddit user or non-public figures. This also includes requests to use Korean phone numbers, resident registration numbers, etc to register for Korean web services and games. Absolutely no links to personal Facebook profiles (businesses or groups are ok). [PAR] 6. Submit in English or Korean. [PAR] Although this subreddit is about Korea, its users are primarily English speakers. We welcome Korean language links, but we encourage Korean language posts to have an objective, English summary in the comments. [PAR] 7. No \"Craigslist\" style submissions. [PAR] No posts for jobs, looking for jobs, renting an apartment, items for sale, etc. [PAR] General guidelines: [PAR] No overly inflammatory, racist, or offensive language. [PAR] No personal attacks toward other users or witch-hunting. [PAR] No reddit drama, meta or with other subreddits. Links to reddit must be np . [PAR] No URL shorteners. [PAR] Notes: [PAR] Please report anything that violates the rules but remember that the report button is not a super-downvote and don't use it just because you don't like the content. [PAR] New accounts will be given less tolerance. [PAR] Please message the mods if you have a question before submitting or if something you submitted doesn't show up. [PAR] Many English-speaking expats in Korea are English teachers, but /r/Korea is not an ESL in Korea resource. If you are looking to teach in Korea, please check out Dave's ESL Cafe first, as well as Waygook Forum .[DOC] [TLE] Hite | Hite Brewery Company LTD | BeerAdvocate Hite | Hite Brewery Company LTD | BeerAdvocate [PAR] Hite Brewery Company LTD [PAR] Alcohol by volume (ABV): 4.50% [PAR] Availability: Year-round [PAR] No notes at this time. [PAR] Added by BeerAdvocate on 06-02-2002 [PAR] BEER STATS [PAR] look: 2.75 | smell: 3 | taste: 3 | feel: 3 | overall: 3 [PAR] Bought it at a Asian grocery, only beer they had. [PAR] Taste just like an American Adjunct Lager. No better - no worse. [PAR] Price is about the same too, so that's something. [PAR] 164 characters [PAR] 1.37/5 rDev -45.4% [PAR] look: 1.5 | smell: 1.25 | taste: 1.5 | feel: 1.25 | overall: 1.25 [PAR] Beer flavored water...seriously. no"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did Ben Franklin Say 'Beer Is Proof That God Loves Us'? Did Ben Franklin Say 'Beer Is Proof That God Loves Us'? [PAR] By David Emery [PAR] Updated March 31, 2016. [PAR] A tip of the glass to Dick Stevens, owner of the Elevator Brewery & Draught Haus in Columbus, Ohio, who announced the recall of a batch of promotional t-shirts featuring a witticism frequently \u2014 but erroneously \u2014 attributed to founding father Benjamin Franklin. [PAR] It was reported as follows by Aria Munro of eNewsChannels.com on Sep. 15, 2008: [PAR] Beer-themed web sites, brewing organizations and even \"beer writers\" are fond of quoting Franklin and his supposed love of beer \u2014 \"Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy.\" But after recently hearing a lecture by Chicago-based brewing historian, Bob Skilnik, that convincingly asserts that Franklin was writing about rain, its nourishment of grapes, and ultimately, its conversion into wine, Stevens decided to do his part in correcting this historical inaccuracy. [PAR] \"I hope that we can set the record straight about this little white lie that has been repeated for years,\" Stevens said in a press release. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Top 5 Longest Running TV Shows [PAR] \"I have no doubt that ole Ben enjoyed a tankard or two of beer with friends and associates, but this beer quote, while well-meaning, is inaccurate.\" [PAR] The aforementioned Skilnik, author of Beer & Food - An American History , has issued a challenge to promulgators of the quote to come forward with proof, reported my colleague (and fellow beer drinker) Bryce Eddings in 2007. There have been no takers so far. [PAR] For the record, here, in a letter addressed to Andr\u00e9 Morellet in 1779, is what Benjamin Franklin actually did say: [PAR] We hear of the conversion of water into wine at the marriage in Cana as of a miracle. But this conversion is, through the goodness of God, made every day before our eyes. Behold the rain which descends from heaven upon our vineyards; there it enters the roots of the vines, to be changed into wine; a constant proof that God loves us, and loves to see us happy. The miracle in question was only performed to hasten the operation, under circumstances of present necessity, which required it. [PAR] (Source: Isaacson, Walter. Benjamin Franklin: An American Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003. p.374.) [PAR] When Franklin did speak of beer, it wasn't in the most glowing of terms. \"My Companion at the Press,\" he wrote in his autobiography, \"drank every day a Pint before Breakfast, a Pint at Breakfast with his Bread and Cheese; a Pint between Breakfast and Dinner; a Pint at Dinner; a Pint in the Afternoon about Six o\u2019Clock, and another when he had done his Day\u2019s-Work. I thought it a detestable Custom.\" [PAR] \"Small beer\" (made with cheaper ingredients and with a lower alcohol content) was very popular in Franklin's time. Apparently, George Washington even had his own recipe ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Magazine | What was Monkey Magic all about? - BBC News BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | What was Monkey Magic all about? [PAR] What was Monkey Magic all about? [PAR] By Tom Geoghegan [PAR] BBC News Magazine [PAR] The 1970s cult TV series is now an opera and its characters front the BBC Olympics coverage. But it's a mystery to those who never watched it. What on earth was Monkey about? [PAR] Say the two words \"Monkey Magic\" to a man in his late 30s and he'll turn into a child, putting on a funny voice and then moving his lips in exaggerated fashion. [PAR] A Japanese television series based on a 16th Century Chinese novel, badly dubbed in English, does not sound like a sure-fire children's hit. But Monkey - or Monkey Magic as it became known in the UK - was an unlikely success. [PAR] Fed a late-70s television diet of Multi-Coloured Swap Shop, The Six Million Dollar Man and the Red Hand Gang, youngsters watching Monkey on BBC Two one evening a week saw something completely different. And in the coming months, the characters that gripped a generation could find a new legion of fans. [PAR] Meet the BBC's new Monkey [PAR] An opera based on the famous Chinese novel that inspired the series, Journey to the West, opens in London a year after its Manchester premiere. Monkey: Journey to the West is another collaboration between Gorillaz creators Damon Albarn, who pens the music, and graphic artist Jamie Hewlett. [PAR] Hewlett has also designed the characters fronting the BBC's coverage of the Olympics in Beijing. \"This is going to be the summer of Monkey,\" he declared last week. [PAR] For die-hard fans, the fascination has never dimmed. Although people aged under 33 could be discovering the characters for the first time, the popularity of the story has endured and the BBC series still enjoys cult status. There are several websites dedicated to it and a fan club on Facebook has 65,000 members. [PAR] But the collective memory of grown-up Monkey-watchers is a bit vague. They pick out certain motifs - Monkey riding a cloud, big sideburns, a headband, egg struck by lightning - but are a bit hazy on what was actually going on. [PAR] 'Kung fu for kids' [PAR] Monkey was king of a monkey tribe and, as the memorable opening sequence explains, was hatched from an egg in a storm on a mountain top. He is later imprisoned under a mountain for disobeying the gods. [PAR] He is released by the young Buddhist monk Tripitaka, on the condition that he escorts him on a long journey to retrieve sacred scripts from India. They are joined by two other miscreant monsters in human form, Sandy and Pigsy. [PAR] It's joyous, partly because of its predictability but also because it was so fantastically realised [PAR] TV critic Ali Catterall [PAR] So begins a series of encounters with demons and baddies, including some spectacular fight scenes, usually with Monkey using his magic staff that can grow in size. He can also fly on a cloud. [PAR] Tripitaka represents the moral force of the story, although he is probably best remembered for being played by a woman, in the finest panto tradition. He puts a headband on Monkey which he can tighten through prayer when Monkey steps out of line. [PAR] Guardian television critic Ali Catterall recalls rushing back from Cubs every week to watch it. [PAR] \"It was kung fu for kids. Your older brother watched Bruce Lee and you would be into Monkey."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal baby - who's next in line? Guide to the new line of ... Royal baby - who's next in line? Guide to the new line of succession to the British throne | Daily Mail Online [PAR] [PAR] Femail Today [PAR] Keeping everyone guessing! Amal Clooney wears loose-fitting two-piece for appearance in Davos with husband George after pregnancy rumors [PAR] 'Zits and all!' Brandi Glanville posts a makeup-free snap after having a non-surgical facelift Showed off results of a recent beauty treatment [PAR] 'He looks like a soccer mom enjoying hunting season!' NFL star Jay Cutler is body-shamed after his wife posts 'unflattering' shot of their Mexican vacation [PAR] Lisa Rinna calls Kyle Richards an 'enabler' of older sister Kim on The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Another round of drama between the ladies [PAR] 'We're surprised she showed up': Kim Kardashian 'shocked production staff by filming cameo in heist film Ocean's 8'... after revealing terror of her own robbery ordeal [PAR] What will Bella say? Kylie Jenner puts on a busty display in racy outfit as she enjoys a night out with Bella's ex The Weeknd and her boyfriend Tyga [PAR] Eating for two! Heavily pregnant Ciara glows as she goes on breakfast date with NFL hubby Russell Wilson The beauty showed off her huge baby bump [PAR] What a catch! Bikini-clad Ashley Graham traps a lobster while modeling for swim campaign in Caribbean Just another day in the office [PAR] Melania Trump 'will wear Ralph Lauren at her husband's inauguration': Designer is frontrunner for her outfit American designer [PAR] Step aside Emma Stone! Ryan Gosling sweeps Ellen DeGeneres off her feet in La La Land behind-the-scenes spoof Hilarious parody [PAR] So in love! Matthew McConaughey plants a kiss on gorgeous wife Camila Alves at Gold premiere in NYC He's just a big kid at heart [PAR] Nina Dobrev shows off her slim figure in a colour-block dress for appearance on The Tonight Show She has been on the promotional trail [PAR] Oh no! Sofia Vergara cries for help as she gets heel caught in escalator grate... but it's just a bit of overacting for Modern Family She wailed and flailed [PAR] Sweet treat! Alessandra Ambrosio shows off more than just a cupcake in a daring romper from her own collection Sleavage-baring look [PAR] Kendall Jenner flaunts her endless legs in skintight leather pants as she shops in NYC with rumoured love interest A$AP Rocky [PAR] Make-up free Ashlee Simpson looks flush-faced after working up a sweat at the gym Showed off her dedication to fitness [PAR] Ariana Grande boldly declares herself the 'hardest working 23-year-old human being on Earth' and an incredulous internet claps back [PAR] Knee bother? Kristen Stewart shows off nasty scrapes on her leg in ripped jeans as she jets into Los Angeles She has always been something of a tomboy [PAR] Save the date! Serena Williams says she'll start planning wedding to Alexis Ohanian after Australian Open Talk about her engagement [PAR] Girls gone wild! Malin Akerman rocks leopard print coat as Emmanuelle Chiquiri flashes cleavage at LA premiere of The Space Between Us [PAR] Tat-two can play at that game! Zayn Malik boasts new 'love' inking on his hand... after his girlfriend Gigi Hadid flashed band on her wedding finger [PAR] Shady lady! Cool cat Gigi Hadid wears sunglasses in the dark as she goes for a stroll in green fur coat... and hides ring finger amid engagement rumors [PAR] George Michael's lover Fadi Fawaz 'calls in a celebrity bodyguard' as singer's friend says the star was taking crack cocaine before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter Benchley - IMDb Peter Benchley - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Writer | Producer | Actor [PAR] Grandson of famed humorist and actor Robert Benchley and the son of highly respected children's books author Nathaniel Benchley , novelist Peter Benchley's book were decidedly more dramatic in their content and style than his father's, and usually centered on the world's oceans as a backdrop to his vigorous plots. Benchley is of course best ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Watch the show [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 464 people [PAR] created 08 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 37 people [PAR] created 12 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 310 people [PAR] created 26 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 13 people [PAR] created 07 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 1112 people [PAR] created 12 Sep 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Peter Benchley's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2011 Jaws: Ultimate Predator (Video Game) (characters and universe) [PAR] 2006 Jaws Unleashed (Video Game) (characters and universe) [PAR] 2001 Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure (Video Game) (character: Jaws) [PAR] 1999 Amazon (TV Series) (creator - 1 episode) [PAR] 1998 Creature (TV Mini-Series) (based on the novel by - 2 episodes) [PAR] - Episode #1.2 (1998) ... (based on the novel by) [PAR] - Episode #1.1 (1998) ... (based on the novel by) [PAR] 1996 The Beast (TV Mini-Series) (novel - 2 episodes) [PAR] 1989 Dolphin Cove (TV Series) (writer) [PAR] 1987 Jaws (Video Game) (characters) [PAR] 1980 The Island (novel) / (screenplay) [PAR] 1978 Jaws 2 (based upon characters created by) [PAR] 1975 Jaws (based on the novel by) / (screenplay) [PAR] Hide [PAR] - Wild Child (2000) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Babel (2000) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Episode #1.1 (1996) ... (executive producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1995 The Making of Steven Spielberg's 'Jaws' (Video documentary) (special thanks) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2004 Personal History: Foreign Hitchcock (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself - Grandson of Robert Benchley / Author 'Jaws' [PAR] 2002 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2000 I Love 1970's (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1997 In the Teeth of Jaws (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1994 Good Morning America (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1992 The Man Who Loves Sharks (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1990 Expedition Earth (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself - Host [PAR] 1988 World of Audubon: Sharks! (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself - Host [PAR] 1988 Byline Showtime (TV Series documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1982 The American Sportsman (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1980 Les nouveaux rendez-vous (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2005 MythBusters (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] Personal Details [PAR] Other Works: [PAR] Published five works of non-fiction, which he either wrote or edited: Time and a Ticket (1964), Ocean Planet: Writings and Images of the Sea (1994), Shark Trouble: True Stories About Sharks and the Sea (2001), Shark!: True Stories and Lessons from the Deep (2002), Shark Life: True Stories About Sharks and the Sea (with Karen ... See more \u00bb [PAR] Publicity Listings: [PAR] 1 Interview | 11 Articles | See more \u00bb [PAR] Height:[DOC] [TLE] Jaws by Peter Benchley - OverDrive Jaws by Peter Benchley \u00b7 OverDrive: eBooks, audiobooks and videos for libraries [PAR] Fiction Literature Suspense Thriller [PAR] Here is Peter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The power of love Jennifer Rush - simplypopmusic.com The power of love Jennifer Rush [PAR] The power of love Jennifer Rush [PAR] The power of love Jennifer Rush [PAR] The power of love Jennifer Rush [PAR] Song Title: The power of love [PAR] Artist: Jennifer Rush [PAR] Date of release: December 1984 [PAR] Description: \u201d The power of love \u201d is by Jennifer Rush ( Heidi Stern ), the American pop singer. The song was written by Jennifer Rush, Gunther Mende, Candy DeRouge and Mary Susan Applegate. [PAR] Production for the single was by Gunther Mende and Candy DeRouge. Gunther Mende is a German record producer who has worked with artists including C\u00e9line Dion, Falco and Tina Turner. Candy DeRouge ( Wolfgang Detmann ) is another German record producer, he has also worked with C\u00e9line Dion and Falco. Other artists Candy DeRouge has produced for include Bonnie Bianco, Laura Branigan, Thomas Anders, Chris Norman, Helen Schneider, Sally Oldfield. [PAR] Also credited as co-writer, along with Gunther Mende and Candy DeRouge, is Mary Susan Applegate. Mary is an American poet who also co-wrote No Mercy\u2019s song \u201d Please don\u2019t go \u201c, a 1997 top ten hit in the UK. [PAR] The song was released in December 1984 by record label CBS and taken as the fifth and last single from Jennifer\u2019s debut Album \u201d Jennifer Rush \u201c. [PAR] The power ballad was to be the only Million selling single of 1985 in the UK, it outsold its nearest rival, Julie covington\u2019s \u201d Don\u2019t cry for me Argentina \u201d which sold 980,000 copies and in doing so \u201d The power of love \u201d became a record breaker. The song was the biggest selling single ever by a female artist in the United Kingdom, until 1992 when Whitney Houston broke the record with \u201d I will always love you \u201c. Whitney then held the record until that was broken by Cher\u2019s \u201d Believe \u201c, released in 1998. [PAR] Jennifer also set another record at the time, the song took an incredible 16 weeks to reach Number One in the UK. It first charted at number 65 on the 29th of June and during its chart week had moved up to number 42, staying in the 40\u2019s for some nine consecutive weeks. A week later the song made the all important top forty at number 36 which meant considerable airplay across the UK\u2019s radio stations. [PAR] With the increase in airplay the song finally climbed to reach Number One in the UK and stayed there for 5 weeks. [PAR] Jennifer\u2019s \u201d The power of love \u201d was the second song with the title to reach Number One in the UK, 10 months earlier Frankie Goes To Hollywood reached the top spot in the UK with their song of the same name. [PAR] A third song of 1985 sharing the same title was by Huey Lewis And The News, they took \u201d The power of love \u201d to Number One in the US but only managed to make number 11 in the UK. [PAR] Along with a top spot on the UK chart, Jennifer also reached Number One in Australia, Austria, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and Spain. [PAR] In the United States she only managed to reach number 57 with her version. However cover versions by other artists performed better in the US. Laura Branigan released her version for her Album \u201d Touch \u201d in 1987. Laura enjoyed chart success in the US reaching number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100. [PAR] The most successful version, even more than the original by Jennifer,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information [PAR] Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information [PAR] By Becky Oskin, Contributing Writer | [PAR] May 7, 2015 04:52pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] This isn't likely to happen on the East Coast, but it could. This is an aerial view of damage to Sukuiso, Japan, a week after the earthquake and subsequent tsunami devastated the area in March, 2011. [PAR] Credit: Dylan McCord. U.S. Navy [PAR] On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake shook northeastern Japan, unleashing a savage tsunami. [PAR] The effects of the great earthquake were felt around the world, from Norway's fjords to Antarctica's ice sheet. Tsunami debris continues to wash up on North American beaches two years later. [PAR] Japan still recovering [PAR] In Japan, residents are still recovering from the disaster. Radioactive water was recently discovered leaking from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant , which suffered a level 7 nuclear meltdown after the tsunami. Japan relies on nuclear power, and many of the country's nuclear reactors remain closed because of stricter seismic safety standards since the earthquake. Four years after the quake, about 230,000 people who lost their homes were still living in temporary housing, Japan's Reconstruction Agency said. [PAR] The total damages from the earthquake and tsunami are estimated at $300 billion dollars (about 25 trillion yen), according to the Japanese government. [PAR] This map shows the travel times of the tsunami generated by the Honshu earthquake on March 11, 2011. [PAR] Credit: NOAA/NWS [PAR] Earthquake a surprise [PAR] The unexpected disaster was neither the largest nor the deadliest earthquake and tsunami to strike this century. That record goes to the 2004 Banda Aceh earthquake and tsunami in Sumatra, a magnitude-9.1, which killed more than 230,000 people. But Japan's one-two punch proved especially devastating for the earthquake-savvy country, because few scientists had predicted the country would experience such a large earthquake and tsunami. [PAR] Japan's scientists had forecast a smaller earthquake would strike the northern region of Honshu, the country's main island. Nor did they expect such a large tsunami. But there had been hints of the disaster to come. The areas flooded in 2011 closely matched those of a tsunami that hit Sendai in 869. In the decade before the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, a handful of Japanese geologists had begun to recognize that a large earthquake and tsunami had struck the northern Honshu region in 869. However, their warnings went unheeded by officials responsible for the country's earthquake hazard assessments. Now, tsunami experts from around the world have been asked to assess the history of past tsunamis in Japan, to better predict the country's future earthquake risk. [PAR] \"For big earthquakes, the tsunami is going to be the big destructive factor,\" said Vasily Titov, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Tsunami Research in Seattle, Washington. \"But if the nation is prepared, warning and education definitely saves lives. Compare the human lives lost in Sumatra and Japan. It's about 10 times less.\" [PAR] The cause [PAR] The 2011 Tohoku earthquake struck offshore of Japan, along a subduction zone where two of Earth's tectonic plates collide. In a subduction zone, one plate slides beneath another into the mantle, the hotter layer beneath the crust. The great plates are rough and stick together, building up energy that is released as earthquakes. East of Japan, the Pacific plate dives beneath the overriding Eurasian plate. The temblor completely released centuries of built up stress between the two tectonic plates, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 | oil spill, Gulf of ... Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 | oil spill, Gulf of Mexico | Britannica.com [PAR] Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 [PAR] oil spill, Gulf of Mexico [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Gulf of Mexico [PAR] Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill of 2010, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig\u2014located in the Gulf of Mexico , approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisiana \u2014and its subsequent sinking on April 22. [PAR] Debris and oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil rig after it sank on April 22, 2010. [PAR] U.S. Coast Guard [PAR] The explosion [PAR] The Deepwater Horizon rig, owned and operated by offshore-oil-drilling company Transocean and leased by oil company BP , was situated in the Macondo oil prospect in the Mississippi Canyon, a valley in the continental shelf. The oil well over which it was positioned was located on the seabed 4,993 feet (1,522 metres) below the surface and extended approximately 18,000 feet (5,486 metres) into the rock. On the night of April 20 a surge of natural gas blasted through a concrete core recently installed by contractor Halliburton in order to seal the well for later use. It later emerged through documents released by Wikileaks that a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. Both cores were likely too weak to withstand the pressure because they were composed of a concrete mixture that used nitrogen gas to accelerate curing. [PAR] Fireboat response crews battling the blazing remnants of the offshore oil rig Deepwater Horizon in \u2026 [PAR] Video courtesy of the U.S. Department of Energy [PAR] Once released by the fracture of the core, the natural gas traveled up the Deepwater rig\u2019s riser to the platform, where it ignited, killing 11 workers and injuring 17. The rig capsized and sank on the morning of April 22, rupturing the riser, through which drilling mud had been injected in order to counteract the upward pressure of oil and natural gas. Without any opposing force, oil began to discharge into the gulf. The volume of oil escaping the damaged well\u2014originally estimated by BP to be about 1,000 barrels per day\u2014was thought by U.S. government officials to have peaked at more than 60,000 barrels per day. [PAR] Leaking oil [PAR] Triangle shirtwaist factory fire [PAR] Although BP attempted to activate the rig\u2019s blowout preventer (BOP), a fail-safe mechanism designed to close the channel through which oil was drawn, the device malfunctioned. Forensic analysis of the BOP completed the following year determined that a set of massive blades known as blind shear rams\u2014designed to slice through the pipe carrying oil\u2014had malfunctioned because the pipe had bent under the pressure of the rising gas and oil. (A 2014 report by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board claimed that the blind shear rams had activated sooner than previously thought and may have actually punctured the pipe.) [PAR] Map depicting the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, caused by the explosion of an oil rig \u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Efforts in May to place a containment dome over the largest leak in the broken riser were thwarted by the buoyant action of gas hydrates \u2014gas molecules in an ice matrix\u2014formed by the reaction of natural gas and cold water. When an attempt to employ a \u201c top kill,\u201d whereby drilling mud was pumped into the well to stanch the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sinking Of The Costa Concordia - ROBLOX The Sinking Of The Costa Concordia - ROBLOX [PAR] The Sinking Of The Costa Concordia [PAR] Servers [PAR] Description [PAR] On 13 January 2012, at 1:45 local time, Costa Concordia hit a rock off Isola del Giglio. A 160 ft long gash was made in the hull, then partly capsized onto her starboard side, in an unsteady position on a rocky underwater ledge. Almost half of the ship remained above water. [PAR] Visits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hope for trapped Chilean miners as man's wife gives birth ... Hope for trapped Chilean miners as man's wife gives birth to baby Esperanza | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Latest twist could be added to movie about accident which has begun filming [PAR] He had promised his wife that he would attend the birth of their first child. [PAR] However, Ariel Ticona had more than a good excuse for not being present when Elizabeth Segovia went into hospital yesterday afternoon. [PAR] Ticona is one of the 33 men who have been trapped underground for the past 40 days after a mine in northern Chile collapsed. [PAR] Hope: Elizabeth Segovia gave birth to Esperanza Ticona yesterday while the baby's father is trapped [PAR] But yesterday brought a rare piece of good news, when Esperanza Ticona was born, weighing nearly 7lbs and measuring almost 19ins long. [PAR] The news of the birth will add further drama to a planned film about the miners which already has a title, The 33, a running time - one hour 33 minutes - and a planned release date in 2012. [PAR] Director Rodrigo Ortuzar, who has cameras at the mine filming relatives, said: 'We're filming at the camp as a way of observing what goes on there so we can recreate it later.' [PAR] Ticona and his wife had planned to name the child Carolina but each decided to change the name to Esperanza - Spanish for Hope - when the miners were found alive 17 days after the main shaft of the San Jose copper and gold mine collapsed on August 5. [PAR] Many of the miners' families have held vigil at the mine since then, sleeping in tents in the cold Atacama desert nights. [PAR] But Ticona didn't want that for his wife. In a recorded video chat made possible thanks to a fiber-optic cable that rescuers dropped through a narrow bore hole, Ticona urged a relative to tell his wife to stay home and take it easy before the birth. [PAR] Bundle of joy: A mid-wife holds Esperanza Ticona at the Copiapo Clinic, Copiapo, 70km from the San Jose mine [PAR] Esperanza is watched by her cousin Vinka Montalvan Ticona at the Copiapo Clinic, Copiapo [PAR] New father: Ariel Ticona is one of 33 miners who have been trapped underground for 40 days [PAR] 'Tell her to change the name of our daughter... and give her a long-distance kiss!' Ticona said as the other miners shouted: 'We're going to name her Hope!' [PAR] Segovia told Chile's Canal 13 network that she had exactly the same thought about her name. [PAR] 'He thought of it there and I thought of it here in the house. [PAR] 'She was going to be named Carolina Elizabeth, but now her name will be Esperanza Elizabeth.' [PAR] 'I'm very nervous,' Segovia said as she entered the Copiapo Clinic, Copiapo, some 70km from the San Jose mine, northern Chile. [PAR] It comes as an artist's impression has been released of the capsule which will be used to pull the miners to safety. [PAR] The men will be drawn 2,300ft to the surface through a rescue tunnel when it is completed, protected by the 'rescue pod'. [PAR] Currently being built by the Chilean Navy, it will contain systems for communication and ventilation. [PAR] It will also include an escape hatch to counter any problems while it ascends. [PAR] The news of the design will prove heartening to relatives waiting at the surface since the collapse after days of bad news about the drilling of three separate rescue tunnels."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Titanic: The Unsinkable Ship - Encyclopedia Britannica Titanic: The Unsinkable Ship [PAR] More than three million rivets were used in building the Titanic. [PAR] The Titanic had three anchors, which had a combined weight of 31 tons. [PAR] The liner was given several nicknames, including \u0093Ship of Dreams,\u0094 \u0093Wonder Ship,\u0094 \u0093Last Word in Luxury,\u0094 and \u0093Millionaire's Special.\u0094 [PAR] The Titanic had a number of unique features, including a hospital with an operating room, a swimming pool, and a squash court. [PAR] Third-class accommodations had only two bathtubs\u0097one for men and one for women\u0097which had to serve more than 700 passengers. [PAR] For what would be their final meal on the Titanic, first-class passengers were served an 11-course dinner that included salmon, lamb in mint sauce, and p\u00e2t\u00e9 de foie gras. [PAR] The Titanic's food inventory reportedly included 1,750 quarts of ice cream, 36,000 oranges, 1,500 gallons of milk, and 7,000 heads of lettuce. In addition, there were 8,000 cigars and 1,500 bottles of wine. [PAR] The 1898 novel Futility by Morgan Robertson seemed to foreshadow the Titanic disaster. The work describes the demise of the Titan, an 800-foot passenger liner that strikes an iceberg on its starboard side in April and sinks with great loss of life due to insufficient lifeboats. [PAR] Several years before becoming captain of the Titanic, Edward J. Smith stated: \u0093I cannot imagine any condition which would cause a ship to founder. Modern shipbuilding has gone beyond that.\u0094 [PAR] The radio call sign of the Titanic was MGY. [PAR] The liner featured new davits that could accommodate at least 48 lifeboats. However, for both financial and aesthetic reasons, White Star decided to carry only 20, which was still 4 more than was required by the British Board of Trade. [PAR] The Titanic had three types of lifeboats. Fourteen were standard boats, capable of holding approximately 65 people each. Two were emergency cutters, which could carry 40 people. They were designed for quick lowering for such events as a person overboard. There were also four collapsible boats, which had canvas sides and could be folded for easy storage. These lifeboats had a capacity of 47 each. [PAR] As the Titanic sank, wireless operator Jack Phillips initially sent out a CQD, which was still used even though SOS had become the official distress signal several years earlier. However, after his assistant, Harold Bride, joked that he might not have a chance to use SOS again, Phillips began sending out both distress signals. [PAR] In CQD, the CQ signifies a general call, and the D represents distress. Contrary to popular belief, SOS does not mean \u0093save our ship.\u0094 The letter combination was selected because of the distinct sound it makes in Morse Code. [PAR] The Titanic employed a bugler who would play The Roast Beef of Old England to alert passengers when meals were being served. [PAR] A number of passengers brought dogs on the Titanic. During the sinking, the kennels were reportedly opened. Although accounts differ, it is likely that only two dogs were rescued. [PAR] The ship's maiden voyage was initially scheduled for March 20, 1912. However, after the Olympic collided with the Hawke, work on the Titanic temporarily halted so that its sister ship could be repaired. [PAR] Both the Carpathia and the Californian were sunk by German U-boats during World War I. The Britannic, which was still being constructed when its sister ship Titanic sank, foundered after reportedly striking a German mine. [PAR] Crew members Violet Jessop and John Priest survived the sinkings of both the Titanic and the Britannic. In addition, they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki - Aug 09, 1945 - HISTORY.com Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki - Aug 09, 1945 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki [PAR] Author [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1945, a second atom bomb is dropped on Japan by the United States, at Nagasaki, resulting finally in Japan\u2019s unconditional surrender. [PAR] The devastation wrought at Hiroshima was not sufficient to convince the Japanese War Council to accept the Potsdam Conference\u2019s demand for unconditional surrender. The United States had already planned to drop their second atom bomb, nicknamed \u201cFat Man,\u201d on August 11 in the event of such recalcitrance, but bad weather expected for that day pushed the date up to August 9th. So at 1:56 a.m., a specially adapted B-29 bomber, called \u201cBock\u2019s Car,\u201d after its usual commander, Frederick Bock, took off from Tinian Island under the command of Maj. Charles W. Sweeney. Nagasaki was a shipbuilding center, the very industry intended for destruction. The bomb was dropped at 11:02 a.m., 1,650 feet above the city. The explosion unleashed the equivalent force of 22,000 tons of TNT. The hills that surrounded the city did a better job of containing the destructive force, but the number killed is estimated at anywhere between 60,000 and 80,000 (exact figures are impossible, the blast having obliterated bodies and disintegrated records). [PAR] General Leslie R. Groves, the man responsible for organizing the Manhattan Project, which solved the problem of producing and delivering the nuclear explosion, estimated that another atom bomb would be ready to use against Japan by August 17 or 18\u2014but it was not necessary. Even though the War Council still remained divided (\u201cIt is far too early to say that the war is lost,\u201d opined the Minister of War), Emperor Hirohito, by request of two War Council members eager to end the war, met with the Council and declared that \u201ccontinuing the war can only result in the annihilation of the Japanese people\u2026\u201d The Emperor of Japan gave his permission for unconditional surrender. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] 6 and 9 August 1945 Hiroshima / Nagasaki: CTBTO ... 6 and 9 August 1945 Hiroshima / Nagasaki: CTBTO Preparatory Commission [PAR] 6 and 9 August 1945 [PAR] Hiroshima / Nagasaki [PAR] The test site after detonation: a crater of fused soil, also known as \u201cTrinite\u201d radiates from ground zero. [PAR] On 16 July 1945, U.S. scientists working on the Manhattan Project successfully detonated the first-ever nuclear explosion in the \u2018 Trinity \u2019 test at Alamogordo, New Mexico. With World War II still dragging on in the Pacific, preparations moved forward to use nuclear bombs against Japan. [PAR] The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are a reminder of what horrors nuclear weapons can inflict. [PAR] CTBTO Executive Secretary Lassina Zerbo [PAR] Pilot Paul Tibbets (centre) had named the aircraft after his mother. [PAR] On 6 August 1945, at 08:15, the first bomb was dropped on the centre of Hiroshima. \u2018Little Boy\u2019 was a gun-type fission bomb, using a conventional explosive charge to fire one sub-critical mass of uranium into another. This kind of device had never been tested before, but the scientists were confident it would work. [PAR] And it did. The bomb had an explosive yield of around 13 kilotons . At the moment of detonation, a fireball was generated that raised temperatures to 4,000 degrees Celsius, turning Hiroshima \u2013 where many buildings were made of wood and paper - into an inferno. The blast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History Part 4 - Bee Gees website Gibb Service ... History Part 4 [PAR] Festival Records wouldn't do anything more for the group. [PAR] And it was at this time that the family began thinking of moving back to England. [PAR] In March 1966 there was the release of \"Cherry Red\" right before the label switch that took place in May when they moved to Spin ( Nat Kipner). [PAR] Nat was convinced the Bee Gees could be successful but a man called Ossie Byrne really brought them at the turning point of their career. [PAR] Byrne owned a little studio at the back of his butcher's shop in Hurtsville, a suburb of Sydney. [PAR] The boys could use his studio and didn't have to pay a penny as at Festival Records you could only get 2 hours at the time. [PAR] Ossie gave them the opportunity to use the studio as long as they liked. A day and night just what they liked, all for nothing. [PAR] So they got more and more experience recording and they also did \"Spicks And Specks\" which became number one in Australia as they left, November 25th. 1966. [PAR] On the ship back to England [PAR] It was also November when the group released the second Australian LP, named for the single. [PAR] Their wish to leave for Britain became bigger and bigger and they had found out to be good composers whenever they'd get enough time to work. [PAR] They talked with Ossie about leaving for several weeks already and then informed their parents.. [PAR] Hugh and Barbara weren't happy as they knew it wasn't that great, the country they came from. [PAR] Hugh at one time thought of hiding their passports to prevent them from leaving but after some time one decided going back was the best thing to do after all. [PAR] Just before leaving Hugh sent a letter to Brian Epstein who passed it on to Robert Stigwood. [PAR] Robert received it December 3rd. [PAR] Finally at this point there came some recognition for the boys in Australia. [PAR] Letter from Hugh to Robert Stigwood (click for larger copy) [PAR] They became best group of 1966 and Barry won the prize for best songwriter. [PAR] Being 17 years old he had already a very impressive past as a songwriter. [PAR] People wondered how a boy at 17 was able to write such emotional love songs. [PAR] Many Australian artists recorded Barry's songs. [PAR] Amongst others there was the group Steve & The Board of Steve Kipner, son of Nat Kipner. [PAR] And drummer of the band had been Colin Peterson for some time who would later become one of The Bee Gees!! [PAR] So just before leaving Australia the group sent some material for their first album and tapes like \"Mrs. Gillespie's Refrigerator\", \"Deeply Deeply Me\" and \"Gilbert Green\" to some record people in England. [PAR] Stigwood remembers that on those tapes were songs which would become big hits some later. [PAR] Maureen Bates [PAR] At the time they left Australia they weren't all bachelors anymore. [PAR] Barry had met Maureen Bates and her parents in Sydney they were 16 at that time and finally married much too young something they both in fact didn't want to but they just were looking for security and safety. [PAR] From the moment they got married it went wrong and it was like a prison for both of them. [PAR] Barry:'I think it gave her more distress than me'. [PAR] After a year or so they left each other and"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Samantha Bond biography, Early life, Personal life, Career Samantha Bond biography, Early life, Personal life, Career [PAR] Samantha Bond : biography [PAR] 27 November 1961 - [PAR] Samantha Bond (born 27 November 1961) is an English actress best known for her roles as Miss Moneypenny in the James Bond films during the Pierce Brosnan years, as Auntie Angela in the BBC comedy Outnumbered and as Lady Rosamund Painswick in Downton Abbey. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Samantha Bond is the daughter of actor Philip Bond and TV producer Pat Sandys, and is the sister of the actress Abigail Bond and the journalist Matthew Bond. She attended the Godolphin and Latymer School, and trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School and is a resident of St Margarets, London. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] She is married to Alexander Hanson and has two children, Molly and Tom.Philby, Charlotte.The Independent, 13 December 2008Wolf, Matt. broadway.com, January 5, 2011 [PAR] Career [PAR] She has appeared in many television series, notably the 1997 adaptation of Emma starring Kate Beckinsale. She is a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company and starred opposite Dame Judi Dench in David Hare's award-winning play Amy's View at the Royal National Theatre. [PAR] In 1983, she appeared in the original Southampton production of Daisy Pulls It Off before it moved to the West End., Telegraph, 25 April 2002. Also in 1983 she appeared in Mansfield Park and in the fourth series of Rumpole of the Bailey, where she played Rumpole's pupil 'Mizz' Liz Probert. In 1985, she appeared in the BBC's adaptation of A Murder is Announced, a Miss Marple novel by Agatha Christie. [PAR] In 1989, she starred in the television adaptation of Oswald Wynd's novel The Ginger Tree. She played Mary MacKenzie, a young Scottish woman who finds disillusionment, love and heartbreak, in turn of the century Japan. It spans the time from 1903 to the outbreak of the Second World War. She also had a featured role in Erik the Viking, starring Tim Robbins, Eartha Kitt and Mickey Rooney. [PAR] In 1990, she appeared in the Agatha Christie's Poirot television series episode \"The Adventure of the Cheap Flat\". In 1992, she also appeared in the \"Inspector Morse\" television series - 6th, episode 1 (\"Dead on time\" as Helen Marriat). In 2004, she starred opposite Peter Davison in the ITV drama-comedy Distant Shores. In 2006, she returned to the stage in a new production of Michael Frayn's Donkey's Years at the Comedy Theatre. On 1 January 2007, Bond appeared as the villain Mrs Wormwood in the pilot episode of the BBC children's drama series The Sarah Jane Adventures, a spin-off from the popular science fiction series Doctor Who. She later reprised this role for \"Enemy of the Bane\", the two-part finale of the show's second series. She has also starred in the popular English drama Midsomer Murders in the episodes \"Destroying Angel\" (2001) and \"Shot at Dawn\" (2008), and again in Neil Dudgeon's 2011 debut as lead character, in the episode \"Death in the Slow Lane\". In the West End she starred in David Leveaux's production of Tom Stoppard's Arcadia at the Duke of York's Theatre (2009). [PAR] From 2007-2011, Bond has appeared as the recurring character of Sue's sister, Auntie Angela in the BBC semi-improvised comedy Outnumbered, alongside Hugh Dennis, Claire Skinner and David Ryall. In series one (2007) she appeared in the episodes; 'The Special Bowl', 'The City Farm', 'The Quiet Night In', 'The Mystery Illness' and 'The Dinner Party'. In series two (2008), Bond only appeared in the first episode 'The Wedding'. In series three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Brick Bonds | The Construction Civil Types of Brick Bonds | The Construction Civil [PAR] Types of Brick Bonds [PAR] For English and Flemish bond refer in our website. [PAR] 3. Stretching bond: [PAR] In this arrangement of bonding, all the bricks are laid as stretchers. The overlap, which is usually of half brick, is obtained by commencing each alternate course with a half brick bat. Stretching bond is used for half brick wall only. This bond is also termed as running bond and is commonly adopted in the construction of half brick thick leaves of cavity walls, partition walls, etc. Since there are no headers, suitable reinforcement should be used for structural bond. [PAR] 4. Heading bond : [PAR] In this type of bonding all the bricks are laid as headers on the faces. The overlap, which is usually-of half the width of the brick is obtained by introducing a three-quarter bat in each alternate course at quoins. This bond permits better alignment and as such it is used for walls curved on plan. This bond is chiefly used for footings in foundations for better transverse distribution of load. [PAR] 5.Garden wall bond: [PAR] This type of bond is suitably adopted for one brick thick wall which may act as a garden wall or a boundary wall. In garden wall bond, it is possible to build uniform faces for a wall without much labour or expense. This type of bond is not so strong as English bond and its use is restricted to the construction of dwarf walls or other similar types of walls which are not subjected to large stresses. On accounts of its good appearance, this bond is sometimes used for the construction of the outer leaves of cavity walls. [PAR] There are two types of garden wall bond, [PAR] (a) English garden wall bond [PAR] (b) Flemish garden wall bond [PAR] (a) English garden wall bond. The general arrangement of bricks in this type of bonding is similar to that of English bond except that the heading courses are only inserted at every fourth or sixth course. Usually the arrangement consists of one course of headers to three courses of stretchers. A queen closer is placed next to the quoin header of the heading course to give the necessary lap. [PAR] (b) Flemish garden wall bond. This consists of alternate course composed of one header to three or sometimes even five stretchers in series throughout the length of the courses. Each alternate course contains a three quarter bat placed next to the quoin header and a header is laid over the middle of each central stretcher. [PAR] 6.Facing bond: [PAR] This arrangement of bricks is adopted for thick walls, where the facing and backing are desired to be constructed with bricks of different thickness. This bond consists of heading and stretching courses so arranged that one heading course comes after several stretching courses. Since the number of joints in the backing and the facing differ greatly, the load distribution is not uniform. This may sometimes lead to unequal settlement of the two thickness of the wall. [PAR] 7.Raking bond: [PAR] This is a bond in brick work in which the bonding bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety degrees. This arrangement helps to increase the longitudinal stability of thick walls built in English bond. In this arrangement of bonding, the space between the external stretchers of a wall is filled with bricks inclined to the face of the wall. This bond is introduced at certain intervals along the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bond Street - Monopoly Wiki - Wikia Bond Street | Monopoly Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Houses cost \u00a3160 each [PAR] Hotel, \u00a3160 plus 4 Houses [PAR] If a player owns ALL the lots of any Color-Group, the rent is Doubled on Unimproved Lots in that group. [PAR] Bond Street is a green property featured in the UK version of the classic Monopoly boardgame. [PAR] It is named for a fashionable shopping street in London, England. [PAR] Other Properties in set"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 The actors who have played James Bond - stason.org 10 The actors who have played James Bond [PAR] 10 The actors who have played James Bond [PAR] Description [PAR] This article is from the James Bond FAQ , by Michael Reed reed55@core.com with numerous contributions by others. [PAR] 10 The actors who have played James Bond [PAR] A few talented men have gotten to portray James Bond. We start with the EON [PAR] five, and then the others as well. Note that Roger Moore is older than Sean [PAR] Connery. [PAR] A - Sean Connery, born August 25, 1930. Played Bond from 1962-1967, 1971, [PAR] 1983. [PAR] A Scot with minimal credits to his name in 1962, he was handpicked by [PAR] Broccoli and Saltzman to star in the first Bond motion picture. There is [PAR] less dialogue for Connery than in future turns, and his name was not [PAR] marketed particularly heavily in the release of either of the first two [PAR] films. But Connery proved to be the perfect person to assimilate Fleming's [PAR] cold warrior on screen. He was tough yet suave, strong yet smooth, and able [PAR] to appeal to both ticket buying genders. [PAR] By the time of his fifth outing, \"You Only Live Twice\", the marketing [PAR] machine said he \"IS James Bond\". While true in the public's mind, Connery [PAR] tired of the constant pressure of the role and the potential to suffocate [PAR] any other projects he wanted to be involved in. He left after 1967 and [PAR] declined to appear in the sixth release. After a lackluster box office [PAR] performance, EON prodded and finally got their star back for the seventh [PAR] outing, \"Diamonds Are Forever\". Then Connery left once more, stating he [PAR] would \"never again\" portray the superspy that he had made a phenomenon. But [PAR] he did come back for a reprise, in 1983's \"Never Say Never Again\". For the [PAR] story on that film, see Brief #1, Section #10, E \"Thunderball / Never Say [PAR] Never Again\". [PAR] Connery has said in interviews that he is proudest of \"From Russia With [PAR] Love\". However, he made a severe and nasty break from the Broccoli clan and [PAR] any thought of him returning to the EON series in any capacity is a pipe [PAR] dream. Connery won an Academy Award for his supporting role in 1987's \"The [PAR] Untouchables\". He is still an A-list box office draw to date and is also [PAR] staunch in his support of his native Scotland. While he did not look like [PAR] Ian Fleming's written character on the surface, he was impressive enough to [PAR] earn the ultimate praise. Fleming himself had his character assume some of [PAR] Connery's roots in \"You Only Live Twice\". He told IMBD.com in 2002 that [PAR] there is no chance of him returning to EON's series, particularly not as a [PAR] villain. \"Absolutely no way - I could never be an enemy of James Bond.\" [PAR] B - George Lazenby, born September 5, 1939. Played Bond in 1969. [PAR] The only Bond star to make a solitary film appearance, George Lazenby won [PAR] the role after a worldwide search. He was actually an Australian wrestler, [PAR] car salesman and model who excelled in physical presence and impressed the [PAR] producers. But he was not prepared for the glimmer of fame and fortune that [PAR] came with the part. [PAR] He was cast in \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\", one of Fleming's most [PAR] detailed and harrowing novels. It required more characterization than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Imprint Magazine Biz, Career & Tech Issue by Aspire ... The Imprint Magazine Biz, Career & Tech Issue by Aspire Online Media LLC - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] theiMPRiNT E nha ncing Yo ur Knowled ge . R e f i n i n g Yo u r L i f e s t y l e . [PAR] Volume 2\u250aIssue 3 [PAR] Young & Relentless! Meet 4 Inspiring Young Professionals Chris Cooper \u25aa Amy Cooper [PAR] Anoop Desai \u25aa Chris Golden [PAR] The Great Progression: Keeping Your Mind Right In Challenging Times [PAR] + [PAR] NOW AVAILABLE IN DIGITAL! $10 for 6 issues. theimprintmag.com [PAR] IMPRINT (noun) [PAR] \u201cAn indelible, distinguishing effect or inf luence.\u201d [PAR] theiMPRiNT [PAR] Enhancing Your Knowledge. Refining Your Lifestyle. [PAR] EDITORIAL N. Renee Webb Executive Editor Avis Foley Associate Editor Jay Young Director, Photography & Video Britt Hutchinson \u25cf Photojournalist Channessa Roundtree \u25cf Assistant Photographer Bobby Quinn \u25cf Assistant Photographer Nahdej Williams \u25cf Assistant Photographer Cydney Nunn \u25cf Staff Writer Jack McCallion \u25cf Staff Writer London Whitson \u25cf Staff Writer Sherrell Dorsey \u25cf Contributing Writer Paula McCollum \u25cf Contributing Writer Sylvia \u201cSecret\u201d Mikell \u25cf Contributing Writer Karissa J. Parker \u25cf Creative Assistant LaDetra Robinson \u25cf Creative Assistant Gabrielle Thomas \u25cf Administrative Assistant [PAR] BRAND MARKETING Rachel McDonald \u25cf Promotions Assistant [PAR] OPERATIONS & DISTRIBUTION Eric Webb \u25cf Manager [PAR] CONTACT Office \u25cf 1.877.574.3844 Career Opportunities \u25cf info@aspireonlinemedia.com Letters To The Editor \u25cf editorial@aspireonlinemedia.com Advertise \u25cf advertise@aspireonlinemedia.com by Jay Young Gallery. during Brandi D.\u2019sby Single Release Party & It\u02bcs My Hair! Magazine Launch at*Photo Jennifer Schwartz Photos Nahdej Williams. Birthday Bash @ Vanquish Lounge. [PAR] The HIGH UP.com A blog by Aspire Online Media [PAR] STYLE. [PAR] P. 37 [PAR] // Features biz SAVVY [PAR] EXCLUSIVE! Young & Relentless: 4 Professionals Who Are Making It Happen Cool Businesses To Invest 5 Powerful Ways To Advertise Your Website Standing The Heat Of The Entrepreneurial Fire [PAR] career HUB [PAR] 10 New Resume Rules The Planning Game Work/Life Balance For College Students & Career Professionals Is Your Image Holding You Back? [PAR] tech DECK [PAR] Talking Technology Quiz: Are You A Tech Junkie? Avoiding A Tech Fall [PAR] fashion BRIEF [PAR] Haute Looks To Flaunt For Fall [PAR] health WISE [PAR] The Great Progression: Keeping Your Mind Right In Challenging Times [PAR] money MOVES [PAR] What Does A Luxury Vehicle Really Cost? [PAR] legal FACTOR The Gift Of Life: Legacy Planning [PAR] LOOK! [PAR] Win a Swag Bag featuring some of your favorite brands! See page 42! [PAR] theiMPRiNT\u25cf theimprintmag.com [PAR] Bag & Swag It Books, Movies & Music Cuisine Quest [PAR] 32 [PAR] TWEET TALK We want to know your favorite article in the issue! Tweet us @TheImprintMag. [PAR] UP NEXT! October 2012 [PAR] Refining Young Lifestyles [PAR] 6\u2551 [PAR] College, Community & Political Issue! Visit us online at Aspire Online Media.com for what\u2019s haute in fashion, business and entertainment (and everything in between)! Oh, and don\u2019t forget to keep it plugged each week to win cool stu\ufb00 during Modish Mondays! [PAR] Social Rave! We\u02bcve got people talking about The IMPRINT Magazine! See what they\u02bcre saying... [PAR] Magaz @urba ine is #tops h nprofe ssiona elf and #qua ls lity too [PAR] ! [PAR] \u201cChec ko magaz ut this excit in ine!\u201d D ebra C g, new and innov urry [PAR] ative [PAR] \u201cJust t oo publica k a browse th tio - Intern n. It\u02bcs beau rough your d tifully d ig Sushi one!\u201d D ital a nielle S \u201cI just hapira started readin finishe g d t subscr it yet, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) - IMDb Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1962 ) [PAR] Unrated | [PAR] In 1787, British ship Bounty leaves Portsmouth to bring a cargo of bread-fruit from Tahiti but the savage on-board conditions imposed by Captain Bligh trigger a mutiny led by officer Fletcher Christian. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Visit our Awards Central section [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 25 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 05 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 7 Oscars. Another 3 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Midshipman Roger Byam joins Captain Bligh and Fletcher Christian aboard HMS Bounty for a voyage to Tahiti. Bligh proves to be a brutal tyrant and, after six pleasant months on Tahiti, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Frank Lloyd [PAR] The familiar story of Lieutenant Bligh, whose cruelty leads to a mutiny on his ship. This version follows both the efforts of Fletcher Christian to get his men beyond the reach of British ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Roger Donaldson [PAR] An intelligent, articulate scholar, Harrison MacWhite, survives a hostile Senate confirmation hearing at the hands of conservatives to become ambassador to Sarkan, a southeast Asian country... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: George Englund [PAR] The growing ambition of Julius Caesar is a source of major concern to his close friend Brutus. Cassius persuades him to participate in his plot to assassinate Caesar but they have both sorely underestimated Mark Antony. [PAR] Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz [PAR] The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France. [PAR] Director: Henry Koster [PAR] The destiny of three soldiers during World War II. The German officer Christian Diestl approves less and less of the war. Jewish-American Noah Ackerman deals with antisemitism at home and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Edward Dmytryk [PAR] Two rival motorcycle gangs terrorize a small town after one of their leaders is thrown in jail. [PAR] Director: Laslo Benedek [PAR] Man tries to recover a horse stolen from him by a Mexican bandit. [PAR] Director: Sidney J. Furie [PAR] The escape of Bubber Reeves from prison affects the inhabitants of a small Southern town. [PAR] Director: Arthur Penn [PAR] A US air force major in Kobe confronts his own opposition to marriages between American servicemen and Japanese women when he falls for a beautiful performer. [PAR] Director: Joshua Logan [PAR] A war pacifist is blackmailed to pose as an SS officer and to disable the scuttling explosives on freighter carrying rubber cargo to be captured by the Allies. [PAR] Director: Bernhard Wicki [PAR] The story of two gigolos who vie to see which is the best at their profession. [PAR] Director: Ralph Levy [PAR] Edit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE FAMOUS VOYAGE THE CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE WORLD 1577 ... THE FAMOUS VOYAGE THE CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE WORLD 1577-1580: Sir Francis Drake: A Pictorial Biography by Hans P. Kraus (Rare Book and Special Collections Reading Room, Library of Congress) [PAR] Bibliography [PAR] The Famous Voyage: The Circumnavigation of the World, 1577-1580 [PAR] Drake was noted in his life for one daring feat after another; his greatest was his circumnavigation of the earth, the first after Magellan's. He sailed from Plymouth on Dec. 13, 1577. The squadron consisted of five vessels, the two larger ships being the Pelican, Drake's own ship, renamed Golden Hind on the voyage, on August 20, 1578; and the Elizabeth, commanded by John Winter. Three smaller vessels were the Marigold, Swan, and Benedict. Only one ship, the Golden Hind, made the complete voyage, returning on Sept. 26, 1580, \"very richly fraught with gold, silver, pearls and precious stones\" (Stow, Annales , p. 807). [PAR] The expedition was financed as a joint venture, the investors being such high officials as Privy Councilors Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester; Sir Francis Walsingham; the Earl of Lincoln, Lord High Admiral of England; also, Sir Christopher Hatton; Sir William Winter, Surveyor and Master of Ordnance of the Navy; and John Hawkins, Drake's former commander. Queen Elizabeth herself may have been an investor, though this is not quite certain; what is certain is that she appropriated the lion's share of the proceeds of the voyage. Drake himself participated to the tune of \u00a31000, a good sum for that time. [PAR] These joint venture companies, partnerships, or associations were a common method of organizing and financing commercial voyages, military expeditions, and colonizing activities, from the Middle Ages onwards. They are explained by J. H. Parry ( The Age of Reconnaissance , pp. 49-50) as \"Partnerships for conducting commercial enterprises...usually not corporations but rather ad hoc devices for uniting a number of capitalists...or a number of partners...or active participants in an enterprise...All these types of associations under various names--commenda, societas, compagnia, and so forth--were employed in seaborne trade\". Parry mentions also \"associations of individuals formed to undertake particular enterprises--military expeditions for example--on behalf of the State\". The examples cited by Parry are Italian, but he remarks that \"the Dutch and English were to emerge as the Italians' aptest pupils in this respect\". For another example of such a company or partnership, see the financial papers of the Drake-Norris expedition of 1589 (pp. 162-164). [PAR] The little fleet proceeded to the Cape Verde Islands, where, on January 30, 1578, the Portuguese pilot Nunho da Silva was captured (see his narrative, pp. 106-109). Thence they sailed across the Atlantic to the coasts of South America near the River Plate, and went southwards to Port St. Julian, where Magellan had anchored 58 years previously; they arrived there on June 18, 1578. [PAR] The Doughty affair was a crisis in Drake's life; on its outcome depended the success of the circumnavigation, and hence, probably, the defeat of the Invincible Armada. The tragedy was this: Thomas Doughty (d. 1578), a friend of Drake, and one well acquainted with many prominent Englishmen, was an officer on Drake's circumnavigation voyage. He was accused by Drake of treachery and incitement to mutiny. He was put on trial at Port St. Julian, where Magellan had suppressed a conspiracy of some of his high ranking officers, including Captain Juan de Cartagena, and hanged some of them. Doughty was found guilty and given the choice of being abandoned on that desolate coast; of being returned to England for retrial; or of execution on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Additional Case Studies - McGraw Hill Education Community group cleans up Chicago industrial district [PAR] What a Long, Strange Trip It Has Been [PAR] On August 31, 1986, the cargo ship Khian Sea loaded 14,000 tons (28 million pounds) of toxic incinerator ash from Philadelphia and set off on an odyssey that symbolizes a predicament we all share: what to do with our refuse. Starting in the 1970s, Philadelphia burned most of its municipal garbage and sent the resulting incinerator ash to a landfill in New Jersey. In 1984, when New Jersey learned that the ash contained enough arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, dioxin, and other toxins to be classified as hazardous waste, it refused to accept any more. When six other states also rejected incinerator ash shipments, Philadelphia was in a predicament. What would they do with 180,000 tons of the stuff every year? The answer was to send it offshore to countries with less stringent environmental standards. A local contractor offered to transport it to the Caribbean. The Khian Sea was to be the first of those shipments. [PAR] When the Khian Sea tried to unload its cargo in the Bahamas, however, it was turned away. Over the next 14 months, the ship also was refused entry by the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Panama, Bermuda, Guinea Bissau (in West Africa), and the Netherlands Antilles. Finally in late, 1987, the Haitian government issued a permit for \"fertilizer\" import, and the crew dumped 4000 tons of ash on the beach near the city of Gonaives. Alerted by the environmental group, Greenpeace, that the ash wasn't really fertilizer, Haitian officials canceled the permit and ordered everything returned to the ship, but the Khian Sea slipped away in the night, leaving behind a large pile of loose ash. Some of the waste has been moved inland and buried, but much of it remains on the beach, slowly being scattered by the wind and washed into the sea. [PAR] After it left Haiti, the Khian Sea visited Senegal, Morocco, Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, and Singapore looking for a place to dump its toxic load. As it wandered the oceans looking for a port, the ship changed its name from Khian Sea to Felicia to Pelacano. Its registration was transferred from Liberia to the Bahamas to Honduras in an attempt to hide its true identity, but nobody wanted it or its contents. Like Coleridge's ancient mariner, it seemed cursed to roam the oceans forever. Two years, three names, four continents, and 11 countries later, the troublesome cargo was still on board. Then, somewhere in the Indian Ocean between Singapore and Sri Lanka all the ash disappeared. When questioned about this, the crew had no comment except that it was all gone. Everyone assumes, of course, that once out of sight of the land, it was just dumped overboard. [PAR] If this were just an isolated incident, perhaps it wouldn't matter much. However, some 3 million tons of hazardous and toxic waste goes to sea every year looking for a dumping site. A 1998 report by the United Nations Human Rights Commission listed the United States as a major exporter of toxic waste. In 1989-at least in part due to the misadventures of the Khian Sea-33 countries met in Basel, Switzerland, and agreed to limit international shipment of toxic waste, especially from the richer countries of the world to the poorer ones. Eventually 118 countries-not including the United States-ratified the Basel Convention. In 1995, the United States announced it would ratify the Convention but reserved the right to ship \"recyclable\" materials to whomever will take them."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] USS Enterprise gives anchor to USS Lincoln - CNN.com USS Enterprise gives anchor to USS Lincoln - CNN.com [PAR] 1 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] The aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) (Ike) transits through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea on June 13, 2016. Ike, the flagship of the Eisenhower Carrier Strike Group, is conducting naval operations in the U.S. 6th Fleet area of operations. It could be used to support operations against ISIS in the Mideast. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] A rainbow forms over the bow of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis as the ship steams in the Pacific Ocean on February 3, 2015. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] A MV-22B Osprey, from Marine Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron 1, lifts off from the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) on June 12, 2016. The V-22 Osprey is being tested, evaluated and is slated to be planned replacement for the C-2Q Greyhound as the singular logistics platform on an aircraft carrier for at-sea delivery of personnel and equipment. Click through the gallery to see other U.S. aircraft carriers. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] Tug boats maneuver the aircraft carrier Pre-Commissioning Unit Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) into the James River during the ship's turn ship evolution on June 11, 2016. This is a major milestone that brings the country's newest aircraft carrier another step closer to delivery and commissioning later this year. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] U.S. aircraft carrier classes \u2013 U.S. Secretary of Defense Ash Carter (left) and Philippine Secretary of National Defense Voltaire Gazmin shake hands on a Marine Corps V-22 Osprey as they depart the the aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) after touring the aircraft carrier as it sailed in the South China Sea on April 15, 2016. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] A photo illustration of the U.S. Navy's Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79). The ship's keel laying ceremony was celebrated Saturday, August 22, 2015, in Newport News, Virginia. The ship is expected to replace the USS Nimitz (CVN-68), scheduled for inactivation in 2025, in the Navy fleet. The newest Kennedy will be the second carrier of that name. The first John F. Kennedy (CVA-67) was the last conventionally powered carrier. It was decommissioned in 2007. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] The aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75) passes under the Friendship Bridge while transiting the Suez Canal on Dec. 14, 2015. The ship is conducting operations in the Persian Gulf, where Iran claims to have taken footage of the carrier using a drone. Click through the gallery for more images of U.S. Navy aircraft carriers. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] Aviation Structural Mechanic Airman V. Sek, assigned to the \"Jolly Rogers\" of Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 103, applies a Christmas decal to an F/A-18F Super Hornet in the hangar bay of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman in December 2015. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 31 [PAR] Photos: U.S. aircraft carriers [PAR] The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73) is seen from inside its sister ship, the USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battleships on Pinterest | Battleship, Heavy Cruiser and ... 1000+ images about Battleships on Pinterest | Battleship, Heavy cruiser and Hms hood [PAR] The Bismarck in the Baltic Sea The Bismarck in the Baltic Sea in October 1940. At this time the battleship was still missing all three rangefinders as well as half of the anti-aircraft battery. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Warship information - British battleships and carriers in ... Warship information - British battleships and carriers in World War 2 [PAR] B A T T L E S H I P S [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Q U E E N E L I Z A B E T H C L A S S [PAR] [PAR] HMS Queen Elizabeth (Maritime Quest) [PAR] [PAR] G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n [PAR] [PAR] Four ships of this Class to be built to a design designated R3 were ordered during the latter half of 1912. After an offer by the Federated Malay States to pay for an additonal ship, a later order was placed for a fifth. In the 1914-15 Estimates a sixth ship was included but this requirement was cancelled in August 1914. [PAR] [PAR] These ships, identified as the QUEEN ELIZABETH Class were : [PAR] [PAR] Order cancelled 8.14 [PAR] [PAR] Main propulsion was provided by direct drive steam turbines of 75.000 shaft horse power driving four shafts to give a designed speed of 24 knots. [PAR] [PAR] Deep Displacement of these ships varied between 32,910 and 33,410 tons. Improved armour protection was provided compared with the IRON DUKE Class and Included 13in and 6in plates for hull structure, and upper deck. In addition protection was provided for gun mountings and fire control positions. [PAR] [PAR] The basic dimensions were: Length overall : 640 feet Beam : 90 feet Mean Deep Draught : 32 feet. [PAR] [PAR] Main armament comprised eight guns 14in guns in four twin with twelve 6in guns fitted In Barbettes as secondary armament. In addition two 3in guns were fitted for air defence. 4 submerged 21in torpedo tubes were included in the basic design. [PAR] [PAR] A flying-off platform for an aircraft was fitted to one of the forward 15in turrets but this was removed in 1934. [PAR] [PAR] The Complement was 953 (967 as a Flagship). [PAR] [PAR] Modernisation and Reconstruction [PAR] [PAR] HMS WARSPITE, HMS QUEEN ELIZABETH and HMS VALIANT underwent a reconstruction when they were modernised. The other ships although extensively refitted were not subject to very major structural changes nor were they fitted with dual purpose 4.5in guns. During the modernisation of HMS QUEEN ELIZABETH beginning in 1937 the bridge structure was redesigned and the secondary armament was replaced by 10 twin 4.5in mountings to give an effective defence against air attacks whilst also retaining surface capability by using dual-purpose design mountings. Modern close range AA guns were also fitted. [PAR] [PAR] The direct drive turbines were replaced by geared turbines and new design boilers were installed. The whole of the machinery arrangements were modified in order to improve the damage control facilities. A catapult facility with two cranes was fitted for operating a seaplane aircraft. These were removed when war experience showed this to be of limited value. [PAR] [PAR] The recent development of radar to provide warning of the approach of aircraft and for armament fire-control, which had been undertaken prior to 1940, allowed this essential equipment to be fitted during modernisation. Additional radar sets were fitted during WW2 refits and replacements fitted for existing outfits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago [PAR] The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Launched 60 years ago today, the USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the world's first nuclear-powered submarine. Its atomic fuel source gave for the U.S Navy a dramatic increase in both range and operational flexibility. A few years later, the USS Nautilus achieved another historical first: she was the first vessel to complete a submerged transit to the North Pole, on 3 August 1958. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Our commemorative photo collection offers a glimpse into the first years of the USS Nautilus, to the life on board and under the sea. [PAR] Jan. 21, 1954: spectators gather around the nuclear-powered submarine USS Nautilus during a christening ceremony. [PAR] Photo and caption: U.S. Navy [PAR] First lady Mamie Eisenhower christens the USS Nautilus. [PAR] Photo and caption: U.S. Navy [PAR] The Nautilus slips into the Thames River. [PAR] Photo and caption: U.S. Navy [PAR] The USS Nautilus in the Thames River shortly after a christening ceremony. [PAR] Photo and caption: U.S. Navy [PAR] The Nautilus sets out to sea on a trial run. [PAR] Photo and caption: Keystone/Getty Images [PAR] On sea trials. [PAR] Official board the USS Nautilus at the electric boat division of the General Dynamics Corp. on Aug. 30, 1954, for the commissioning ceremony placing the world's first atomic-powered submarine in the service of the U.S. Navy. [PAR] Photo and caption: AP [PAR] A windowless warehouse in the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho, where scientists tested the prototype of the atomic engine of the USS Nautilus. [PAR] Photo and caption: Keystone/Getty Images [PAR] Submarine Thermal Reactor No. 45 was the prototype power plant for the nation\u2019s first nuclear submarine. [PAR] Photo and caption: Idaho National Laboratory [PAR] Navy personnel stationed in Idaho Falls, Idaho, in the mid 1950s learn how to operate the Nautilus S1W, the prototype of the Navy's first nuclear-powered submarine. [PAR] Photo and caption: Idaho National Laboratory/energy.gov [PAR] C1955: Eugene Wilkinson, commander of the world's first nuclear powered vessel, points out the dates and battle actions of the ships that previously bore the name Nautilus. [PAR] Photo and caption: Evans/Three Lions/Getty Images [PAR] C1955: Admiral Robert B Carney puts a nickel into the jukebox on board the USS Nautilus. The money went toward the submarine's recreation fund. [PAR] Photo and caption: Evans/Three Lions/Getty Images [PAR] 1956: Lieutenant Commander John H. Ebersole, Medical Corps, uses chemical separation of radioactive isotopes, determines source of radiation in the nucleonics laboratory aboard USS Nautilus. Ebersole was responsible for the radiation hygiene and safety of its officers and crew.[DOC] [TLE] Google Earth Hacks - USS Nautilus - Worlds first nuclear ... Google Earth Hacks - USS Nautilus - Worlds first nuclear-powered submarine [PAR] USS Nautilus - Worlds first nuclear-powered submarine [PAR] Info [PAR] Popularity Rating: [PAR] 0 [PAR] Description: USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine and the first vessel to complete a submerged transit across the North Pole. [PAR] In July 1951 the US Congress authorized the construction of a nuclear-powered submarine for the U.S. Navy, which was planned and personally supervised by Admiral Hyman G. Rickover. On December 12, 1951 the U.S. Department of the Navy announced that the submarine would be called Nautilus \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd the sixth US Navy vessel so named \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and would carry the hull number SSN-571. [PAR] Nautilus's keel was laid at General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division in Groton, Connecticut by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kon-Tiki - New World Encyclopedia Kon-Tiki - New World Encyclopedia [PAR] Kon-Tiki [PAR] Next (Konark Sun Temple) [PAR] The raft in the Kon-Tiki Museum, Oslo [PAR] Kon-Tiki was the raft used by Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl in his 1947 expedition from Peru to the Tuamotu Islands. It was named after the Inca sun god, Viracocha, for whom \"Kon-Tiki\" was said to be an old name. Kon-Tiki is also the name of the popular book that Heyerdahl wrote about his adventures. [PAR] Heyerdahl believed that people from South America could have settled Polynesia in the South Pacific in Pre-Columbian times. His aim in mounting the Kon-Tiki expedition was to show, by using only the materials and technologies available to these people at the time, that there were no technical reasons to prevent them from having done so. [PAR] Heyerdahl and a small team went to Peru , where they constructed a balsa -wood raft out of balsa logs and other native materials in an indigenous style, as recorded in illustrations by Spanish conquistadors. This trip began on April 28, 1947. Accompanied by five companions, Heyerdahl sailed it for 101 days over 4,300 miles across the Pacific Ocean before smashing into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands on August 7, 1947. The only modern equipment they had was a radio. [PAR] Contents [PAR] The book Kon-Tiki was a best-seller, and a documentary motion picture of the expedition won an Academy Award in 1951. The original Kon-Tiki raft is now on display in a museum of the same name in Oslo , Norway . [PAR] Construction [PAR] Polynesians sailing a canoe c. 1781 [PAR] The main body of the raft was composed of nine balsa tree trunks up to 45 feet long and two feet in diameter that were lashed together with one and a quarter inch hemp ropes. Cross-pieces of balsa logs 18 feet long and one foot in diameter were lashed across the logs at three feet intervals to give lateral support. Pine splashboards clad the bow, and lengths of pine one inch thick and two feet long were wedged between the balsa logs and used as centerboards. [PAR] The main mast was made of lengths of mangrove wood lashed together to form an A-frame 29 feet high. Behind the main-mast was a cabin of plaited bamboo 14 feet long and eight feet wide that was built about four to five feet high, and roofed with banana leaf thatch. At the stern was a 19-foot long steering oar of mangrove wood, with a blade of fir. The main sail was 15 by 18 feet on a yard of bamboo stems lashed together. Photographs also show a top-sail above the main sail and a mizzen-sail mounted at the stern. [PAR] The raft was partially decked in split bamboo. No metal was used in the construction. [PAR] The Voyage [PAR] The Kon-Tiki left Callao, Peru on the afternoon of April 28, 1947. It was initially towed 50 miles out to open water by the Fleet Tug Guardian Rios of the Peruvian Navy. She then sailed roughly west carried along on the Humboldt Current. The team\u2019s first sight of land was the atoll of Puka-Puka on July 30. They made brief contact with the inhabitants of Angatau Island on August 4, but were unable to land safely. Three days later, on August 7, the raft struck a reef and was eventually beached on an uninhabited islet off Raroia Island in the Tuamotu group. They had traveled a distance of around 3,770 nautical miles in 101 days, at an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dreadnought battleship - WarWiki - Wikia Dreadnought battleship | WarWiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] The sixth HMS Dreadnought of the Royal Navy was a revolutionary battleship which entered service in 1906. So advanced was Dreadnought that her name became a generic term for modern battleships, whilst the ships she made obsolete became known as \"pre-dreadnoughts\". Her introduction helped spark off a major naval arms race as navies around the world rushed to match her, particularly the German navy in the build up to the First World War.[1] Dreadnought was the first battleship of her era to have a uniform main battery, rather than having a few large guns complemented by a heavy secondary battery of somewhat smaller guns. She was also the first major warship to be powered by steam turbines, making her the fastest battleship in the world at the time of her completion. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The concept was simple, and had been a consideration among naval planners for a few years. Dreadnought would use steam turbines in place of the older triple-expansion engines that had powered almost all previous ships, giving her a design speed of a steady 21 knots (39 km/h). This would allow her to outrun any existing battleship with comparable firepower, while she could outgun any faster vessel in keeping with Forrest's axiom . Submarines were largely ignored. Thus protected from smaller ships, lighter guns that would normally be placed along the sides of the ship to deal with them could be omitted. This left considerably more room for the largest guns, which were placed in turrets on the main deck. [PAR] Dreadnought mounted five two-gun turrets. Three turrets were located conventionally along the centreline of the ship, with one fore (A turret) and two aft (X & Y turret), the latter pair separated by the torpedo control tower located on a dwarf tripod mast. Two further (wing) turrets (P & Q turrets) were located either side of the bridge superstructure, each able to fire only towards its side. Arrangement of all the turrets along the ship's centreline was rejected in order to minimise the risk of blast damage to the closely-packed turrets, although this precaution was later found to be unnecessary. Dreadnought could deliver a broadside of eight guns, and fire eight guns abaft or six ahead, in each case only in a narrow range of angles; she could never fire all her ten 12 inch (30 cm) guns at one target. At the time of her design end-on fire was regarded, at the instigation of Jackie Fisher, as being of paramount importance over and above broadside fire. This design concept was perpetuated in the succeeding classes, and in the earlier battlecruiser classes. [PAR] Later British battleships, starting with the Superdreadnoughts of the Orion class , used a superimposed arrangement, with turrets arrayed in a stair-step arrangement on the centreline. Additional light guns were included for close-in defence but were not intended as offensive weapons. [PAR] The vessels which Dreadnought was expected to engage could only bring to bear four guns of similar size, plus shorter-range guns; Dreadnought would endeavour to engage within the range of her guns, but stay out of the range of smaller guns. giving her far more effective firepower than earlier battleships. [PAR] The use of a uniform main battery greatly simplified the task of adjusting fire in action. As all guns had the same ballistic characteristics the shells fell in a cluster whose size was determined by random variations and whose centre was subject to errors in aiming and other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Airplane! Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Airplane! Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 185 out of 215 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Arguably one of the funniest films ever made [PAR] from UK [PAR] 6 June 2004 [PAR] \"Airplane!\" is, was and always shall be the master of spoof movies. It is single-handedly responsible for literally inventing a sub-genre of comedy. It is the ultimate Silly Movie. A satire of the disaster movies of the 1970s, particularly the \"Airport\" series, nothing makes sense and it doesn't need to. There's no real plot. Just laughs - and plenty of 'em. [PAR] It was helmed by the ZAZ trio (Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker), whose dedication to making the audience laugh is surprisingly adamant. Recent spoofs may have left a bad aftertaste in your mouth, but it seems to be a universal agreement: \"Airplane\" is the funniest film of its genre ever made. (Closely followed by \"The Naked Gun\" - also penned by the ZAZ trio - perhaps.) [PAR] The plot: Ted Striker (Robert Hays) is a war veteran-turned-cab-driver who decides to chase after his girlfriend, an airline stewardess named Elaine (Julie Hagerty), who has dumped him in order to pursue a new life. Right before her plane takes off, Ted climbs aboard, hitching a ride in order to woo her back into a relationship again. [PAR] When the aircraft is in midflight, both pilots become very ill after eating their meals. Eventually many passengers begin to show symptoms of a rare disease, apparently transmitted by the food. Onboard, Dr. Rumack (Leslie Nielsen) takes care of the sick passengers as Ted - an ex-fighter pilot from the war - decides to try and land the plane. If he messes up they will all die, and in a particularly funny scene, the pressure becomes so unbearable that he begins to literally sweat gallons in the cockpit. [PAR] That is essentially all the film is about, but most of its duration is spent cracking jokes. Spoof films are entirely different from other movies because normally we would criticize a film if it considered its plot to be the least important element. Not so here. This is a truly brainless piece of celluloid - a movie that doesn't try to be anything that it isn't. From the opening credits - that cleverly spoof \"JAWS\" - to the closing we realize that this is an altogether unique film going experience. [PAR] The movie's biggest laughs come through unexpected flashbacks, such as when Ted remembers where he first met Elaine in a crummy bar (\"...it was worse than Detroit...\"), and begins to disco-dance a la John Travolta from \"Saturday Night Fever\" (complete with Bee Gees soundtrack blaring in the background and the famous Travolta pose). Then, later, we are taken back to when Ted was hospitalized after the war, and finds out that he was responsible for the death of six men. \"Seven, actually,\" he is informed, which adds to the pain of the moment for him. [PAR] Though this movie is very funny, many jokes misfire. If you're not pop culture savvy and you don't remember Mrs. Cleaver from TV's \"Leave it to Beaver\", the humor is going to go over your head. But unlike many comedies, \"Airplane!\" offers something unique for each person. I know that as a film lover, I picked up on many movie in-jokes that some people might not recognize. And then there were the gags that I first missed but picked up after a second viewing, or when someone explained them to me, or both. And"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aircraft Nicknames - The Boeing 737 Technical Site Aircraft Nicknames [PAR] Aircraft Nicknames [PAR] Contents [PAR] Search this website: [PAR] Great collection of pet names for your aircraft. Can't help noticing that the number of names is inversely proportional to the types popularity / infamy! [PAR] BAe 146: 28 names [PAR] Metroliner: 15 names [PAR] A320: 12 names [PAR] If you have any more names send them in to me to add to the list. [PAR] All of the information, photographs & schematics from this website and much more is now available in a 374 page printed book or in electronic format . [PAR] *** Updated 17 Jan 2017 *** [PAR] A318: Nanobus, Baby Bus [PAR] A319: Microbus, Shorty, Short Bus (Derogatory American phrase) [PAR] A320: MiniBus, NintendoJet, ScareBus, Chainsaw, Deathjet, Freddie Kruegers wet dream, Toulouse Grasscutter, The Strimmer, Fifi, Die-by-Wire, the French Bitch, Sully's Ark [PAR] (What's the difference between an A320 and a beaver? 4000 trees per hour.) [PAR] A320 is known as 'The John Wayne' Because they 'Chop down trees, move mountains and kill Indians!!' [PAR] A330: Slippy, The Aircraft in Plastic [PAR] A340: Four-person Hair Dryer, LowRider (takes so long to get off the ground) [PAR] A350: The Racoon [PAR] A380: Double Decker Bus, Megabus, Whalejet, the Wannabe Queen [PAR] Alouette: Chicken chaser [PAR] Avro Shackleton: Shacklecaster, flying Cow, Old Grey Lady, 10 Thousand rivets flying in loose formation [PAR] Avro Vulcan: Tin-triangle, Flat-iron, Mechanical Hang Glider [PAR] AW62 Argosy: Whistling Wheelbarrow, Whistling Tit [PAR] BAC 111:Pocket rocket, Bone Vibrator. [PAR] BAe146: Viscount 900, Smurfjet with 5 APU's, The Gas Chamber, Bumble-et, Baby Jumbo, Bring Another Engine, 1-4-Sick, submarine- low slow and out of sight, Airborne Auschwitz, Tonka Toy, 4 oil leaks connected by an electrical fault, The Quadra-Puff, Lead Sled, Mini Galaxy, Sky Dozer, Fisher Price 747, \"1 aeroplane, 4 engines, needs 6\", The Slug, Toxic Terror, Muffler (Because all the noise is on the inside), Fruit Bat, Flying cockroach, Dungbeetle, Jump Jet, The SUV of RJs, Jumbolino, Aluminum Buffalo, four hairdryers in close formation. [PAR] BAe ATP: Advanced/Another Technical Problem, The Parrot (cos it's just a big Budgie), Ancient Technology Perpetuated, Bat Pee, Skoda, 80p, Wigwam (A TeePee). [PAR] BAe Harrier: Leaping Heap [PAR] BAe Jetstream: Junkstream, Wetdream, Soda-stream, Sweatstream, Jetscream, AreWeThereYet?stream, J-Ball. [PAR] BAe Nimrod: Never Intended for Maritime Reconnaissance Or Development. [PAR] Bristol Beaufighter: Whispering Death [PAR] Bristol Freighter: Whispering Death, 10,000 rivets in close formation [PAR] Beech 18: Flying snag, Bugsmasher [PAR] Beech 99: 99-Liner [PAR] Beech Bonanza: Doctor killer (its reputation as such is ubiquitous) [PAR] Beech 200: Super K [PAR] Beech 1900: Flipper, Dolphin, Stonefish, Mini Guppy, Stretch King Air, Bitch 1900 [PAR] Beech T-34: Radial Interceptor [PAR] Bell 206: Deathranger, Hydraulic palmtree [PAR] Bell UH-1: Huey, Hog, Dustoff [PAR] Beverly: Flying Longhouse [PAR] Bristol Britannia: The Whispering Giant (Was this the original WG?), Freighter version: The Whispering Warehouse [PAR] Bristol Freighter: Freightener [PAR] Boeing Stratocruiser: Stratoboozer (a reference to the bar these aircraft had on board), \"The Best Three Engined Plane Crossing the Atlantic\" [PAR] Boeing E4B: Doomsday Plane, The Ark, Double Humper [PAR] Boeing T43: Gator (for Navigator) [PAR] Boeing 707: Slush bucket, Water wagon [PAR] Boeing 727: 3 holer, Tri-jet, Trisaurus, Triple crome-plated stovepipe, Jurassic Jet, Ear Blaster [PAR] Boeing 737: Tin mouse, Maggot, Pocket Rocket Socket, FLUF (Fat Little Ugly F**cker), Light Twin, Baby Boeing, Fat Freddy, Guppy, Thunder Guppy (series 1/200), Yuppy Guppy, Super Guppy (series 3/4/500), Pig, Bobby (BOeing BaBY), Rudder Rotor, Fat Albert, Dung Beatle. [PAR] Boeing 737NG: Super FLUF (Fat Little Ugly F**cker). [PAR] Boeing 747: Jumbo Jet, Whale,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Artist Train Albums - mp3toys.download Artist Train Albums [PAR] Train [PAR] Biography [PAR] Train were inescapable during the turn of the 21st century, when songs like \"Calling All Angels\" and \"Drops of Jupiter\" made the San Francisco residents some of America's most popular balladeers. Although formed during the glory days of post-grunge, the group found more success in the pop/rock world, where Train straddled the line between adult contemporary and family-friendly alternative rock. The hits began drying up after 2003, but Train continued releasing material throughout the rest of the decade and even returned to the charts in 2010, when the single \"Hey, Soul Sister\" became a surprise Top Ten hit. [PAR] Following the dissolution of his Led Zeppelin cover band, singer Pat Monahan left his hometown of Erie, Pennsylvania in late 1993. He resettled in California and crossed paths with Rob Hotchkiss, the former frontman of a Los Angeles group named the Apostles. The two formed their own duo and began playing local coffeehouse shows, eventually expanding the group to a trio with the addition of former Apostles guitarist Jim Stafford. Bassist Charlie Colin and drummer Scott Underwood also climbed aboard, thus solidifying Train's lineup in 1994. [PAR] Over the course of several years, Train developed a sizable audience in the San Francisco area. The band also toured the country, opening shows for the likes of Barenaked Ladies and Counting Crows while drumming up enough money to record an album. Although few labels showed interest at first, Train eventually attracted the interest of Columbia Records, who signed the band to one of its smaller labels \u2014 Aware Records \u2014 and issued the self-financed debut record Train in 1998. \"Meet Virginia\" became a Top 40 hit one year later, but the band truly hit its stride in 2001, when Drops of Jupiter became a multi-platinum success thanks to its titular single. The song remained in the Top 40 for nearly 40 weeks, while the album itself sold more than three million copies. [PAR] My Private Nation followed in 2003 and went platinum, largely due to the successful single \"Calling All Angels.\" Although the album didn't yield any more Top 40 hits, three of its songs fared well on the adult contemporary charts, a sign that Train had traded its alternative rock roots for an older fan base. For Me, It's You followed in 2006, but sales proved to be the lowest of Train's career. Accordingly, Monahan briefly turned his focus inward, releasing a solo album in 2007 and briefly touring behind it. He returned to the fold shortly thereafter, though, and Train issued their fifth album, Save Me, San Francisco, in 2009. The album helped rejuvenate Train's career, with \"Hey, Soul Sister\" peaking at number three on the Billboard 100. In 2012 the band released its sixth studio album, California 37, which debuted at number four on the Billboard chart. [PAR] Despite these successes, the bandmembers felt that mainstream \"cool\" continued to elude them. Monahan spoke of wanting to record an album that was more commercial, but would also connect emotionally with the public. With these ambitious goals, they knuckled down to writing and recording a new album, though without drummer and founding member Scott Underwood, who left the band amicably before production began and was replaced by Drew Shoals. Train's seventh studio album, Bulletproof Picasso, was finished in 2014 and released in September of that year. It was preceded by the slick, country-tinged single \"Angel in Blue Jeans,\" which didn't make many waves on the charts. Nevertheless, the album debuted at five on the Billboard Top 200."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] These Are The Absurdly Great Cars Of The Back To The ... These Are The Absurdly Great Cars Of The Back To The Future Trilogy [PAR] These Are The Absurdly Great Cars Of The Back To The Future Trilogy [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Last weekend, the weather in the District of Columbia was rainy, gross and cold, as it often is this time of year. So I did what any freedom-loving American man would do: I stayed inside and watched the Back to the Future trilogy. And right after Marty wandered into the 1955 version Hill Valley for the first time, this realization dawned on me: Damn, there are some seriously great cars in these movies. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Honestly, I don\u2019t know how it took me this long to figure that out. I\u2019ve been watching these movies since I was a kid. I think I\u2019ve seen each entry in the trilogy more times than I\u2019ve seen any other movie. [PAR] That early exposure to Back to the Future is one of the many reasons I'm a car guy. The filmmakers could have made Doc Brown\u2019s time machine out of anything, but they made it out of a car. And not just any car, a very cool-looking sportscar with a stick shift. What\u2019s not to love? [PAR] But the DeLorean isn\u2019t just the only awesome car running around the various eras of Hill Valley. If you look closely, you\u2019ll see that there are tons of great rides in the trilogy (mainly the first two, for obvious reasons.) [PAR] These are all the ones I could come up with. Feel free to add your own, I\u2019m sure I missed some. Now why don\u2019t you make like a tree and check out these awesome cars? [PAR] 1981 DeLorean DMC-12 [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Here\u2019s the obvious pick. You can\u2019t talk about Back to the Future without talking about John Z.\u2019s failed masterpiece. [PAR] Doc Brown says he picked the DeLorean for his time machine to \u201cdo it with some style,\u201d and because the stainless steel body helped with flux dispersal or some such science-y nonsense. I\u2019m just glad he picked one without the slushbox, because the stick makes it that much cooler. (Did you still have to shift gears when it was flying?) [PAR] A few folks on the Internet have claimed that the DeLoreans used in Part 2 and Part 3 had some kind of Porsche motor swapped in to replace the anemic PRV V6, possibly the V8 from the 928. I haven\u2019t seen any confirmation of that. Anyone have any leads? I do love the fact that it ends up with whitewall tires in the third movie. [PAR] Keep in mind that when the first movie came out in 1985, the DeLorean had been out of production for two years, and the car\u2019s demise was tied to a huge scandal , so using it as the time machine was kind of a joke. Instead, the trilogy made the car into an icon, and it\u2019s probably the main reason anyone remembers it today. [PAR] Still, I love the DeLorean and I always have, even if it was unable to outrun a Volkswagen Bus in a parking lot without resorting to time travel. It had character, and character means a lot. [PAR] Biff Tannen\u2019s 1946 Ford Super De Luxe [PAR] Sponsored [PAR] Biff may have been one of the biggest assholes in cinematic history, but he had great taste in cars. His \u201846 Ford is a real looker, at least until it gets trashed by manure twice in a matter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Japan\u2019s Bullet Train, the World\u2019s First (and Still Best ... How Blue Lights on Train Platforms Combat Tokyo\u2019s Suicide Epidemic [PAR] When it launched on October 1, 1964, the world\u2019s first high-speed rail network was known as yume no chotokkyu \u2014 literally, the \u201csuper-express of dreams.\u201d The first line in Japan\u2019s now world-famous shinkansen network, which would come to be known as the \u201cbullet train,\u201d was built against all odds, in the face of fierce public opposition, technical difficulties and astronomical costs. The $80 million loan secured from the World Bank for construction and engineering barely covered expenses, and the head of the project, Shinji Sog\u014d, resigned amid the scandal of an out-of-control budget. People called the team who worked on the project \u201cthe crazy gang.\u201d [PAR] But when it pulled out of Tokyo Station 50 years ago, the much-maligned bullet train accelerated a process of change that would transform Japan\u2019s cities, geography and identity. After the devastation of World War 2, \u201cThe shinkansen was the symbol that Japan had not only caught up, but, in terms of railway technology at least, in 1964 had overtaken the rest of the world,\u201d writes Christopher P. Hood in Shinkansen: From Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan. It was more than just a train. The 0 Series shinkansen, painted gleaming white with a blue stripe running its length, became an early symbol of the technological ascension Japan would display through the rest of the 20th century. [PAR] Today, over 350,000 annual trips transport tens of millions of passengers all over Japan with sublime efficiency \u2014 the average delay time is less than a minute. A research report titled \u201c30 Years of High-Speed Railways: Features and Economic and Social Effects of The Shinkansen\u201d by Hiroshi Okada, estimates that the economic impact from the shinkansen train network, based on the time saved from faster travel, is approximately \u00a5500 billion ($4.8 billion USD) per year. Okada stresses that the cultural impact is also significant, a shinkansen offers people living far from urban centers \u201ceasy access to concerts, exhibitions, theaters, etc., enabling them to lead fuller lives.\u201d [PAR] Half a century ago, however, the system was far humbler. In 1964, the first track was the Tokaido Line, a 320-mile-long link between Tokyo and Osaka that reduced the trip from six-and-a-half hours (on conventional trains) to three hours and 10 minutes, traveling at a maximum speed of 200 miles per hour. Although a one-day round trip between the two major cities was possible before, the shinkansen made it useful. For the first time, workers could get to meetings in one city during the day and be back home drinking an Asahi in the local izakaya that night. (That Asahi likely wouldn\u2019t have been their first of the day \u2014 drinking beer and riding the shinkansen go hand-in-hand, to the point that Japanese beer companies produce special commemorative cans for the trains\u2019 anniversaries.) [PAR] The train expanded mobility profoundly, pulling people from rural areas to the Tokaido Line. Businesses converged around the major stops as a growing emphasis on productivity swept across Japan. Today, the shinkansen network has 1,487 miles of track, with more set to open in the coming years. All along the shinkansen tracks between Tokyo and the southern city of Fukuoka is now an almost unbroken stretch of cities and towns that didn\u2019t exist in 1964. [PAR] It seems that everything the shinkansen touches turns to city, and regions that are off the beaten track, so to speak, benefit greatly from the economic jumpstart brought by the train. When the Hokuriku Shinkansen was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History: Jul 16, 1935: World's First Parking Meter Installed World\u2019s first parking meter installed - Jul 16, 1935 - HISTORY.com [PAR] World\u2019s first parking meter installed [PAR] Share this: [PAR] World\u2019s first parking meter installed [PAR] Author [PAR] World\u2019s first parking meter installed [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The world\u2019s first parking meter, known as Park-O-Meter No. 1, is installed on the southeast corner of what was then First Street and Robinson Avenue in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on this day in 1935. [PAR] The parking meter was the brainchild of a man named Carl C. Magee, who moved to Oklahoma City from New Mexico in 1927. Magee had a colorful past: As a reporter for an Albuquerque newspaper, he had played a pivotal role in uncovering the so-called Teapot Dome Scandal (named for the Teapot Dome oil field in Wyoming), in which Albert B. Fall, then-secretary of the interior, was convicted of renting government lands to oil companies in return for personal loans and gifts. He also wrote a series of articles exposing corruption in the New Mexico court system, and was tried and acquitted of manslaughter after he shot at one of the judges targeted in the series during an altercation at a Las Vegas hotel. [PAR] By the time Magee came to Oklahoma City to start a newspaper, the Oklahoma News, his new hometown shared a common problem with many of America\u2019s urban areas\u2013a lack of sufficient parking space for the rapidly increasingly number of automobiles crowding into the downtown business district each day. Asked to find a solution to the problem, Magee came up with the Park-o-Meter. The first working model went on public display in early May 1935, inspiring immediate debate over the pros and cons of coin-regulated parking. Indignant opponents of the meters considered paying for parking un-American, as it forced drivers to pay what amounted to a tax on their cars, depriving them of their money without due process of law. [PAR] Despite such opposition, the first meters were installed by the Dual Parking Meter Company beginning in July 1935; they cost a nickel an hour, and were placed at 20-foot intervals along the curb that corresponded to spaces painted on the pavement. Magee\u2019s invention caught on quickly: Retailers loved the meters, as they encouraged a quick turnover of cars\u2013and potential customers\u2013and drivers were forced to accept them as a practical necessity for regulating parking. By the early 1940s, there were more than 140,000 parking meters operating in the United States. Today, Park-O-Meter No. 1 is on display in the Statehood Gallery of the Oklahoma Historical Society. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ... First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 | theexpiredmeter.com [PAR] First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 [PAR] July 16, 2008 Parking Meter [PAR] Today, in 1935, the very first parking meter was installed at the corner of First Street and Robinson Avenue, in downtown Oklahoma City, OK [PAR] Carlton Cole \u201cCarl\u201d Magee, attorney and newspaper editor was the fiendish, evil, bastard genius who invented this motorist tormenting device 73 years ago. [PAR] As the story goes Magee, came up with the idea shortly after he was named Chairman of the Oklahoma City\u2019s Chamber of Commerce Traffic Committee in 1933. [PAR] In his quest to design a working parking meter, he sought the help of Gerald A. Hale and Professor H.G. Thuesen over at Oklahoma State University, whom assisted Magee in making his idea a reality. [PAR] According to an article by Bonnie Loyd, in the Spring, 1988 edition of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 12 Amazing Car Facts \u2013 You Never Knew - Your Car Angel 12 Amazing Car Facts \u2013 You Never Knew - Your Car Angel - Your Car Angel [PAR] Contact [PAR] 12 Amazing Car Facts \u2013 You Never Knew [PAR] Greg Macke is a professional car buyer and consumer advocate. He has worked closely in the industry to improve the buyers experience. His internet tutorials offer help to the car buying public. Visit him at www.yourcarangel.com [PAR] First Ever Car Radio [PAR] In 1930, the Galvin Corporation introduced one of the first commercial car radios, the Motorola model 5T71, which sold for between $110 and $130 and could be installed in most popular automobiles. Founders Paul Galvin and Joe Galvin came up with the name \u2018Motorola\u2019 when his company started manufacturing car radios. The Motorola prefix \u201cmotor-\u201d was chosen because the company\u2019s initial focus was in automotive electronics. [PAR] First Electric Cars [PAR] The first electric car was built in 1891 by William Morrison. However, the increasingly popular electric cars fell out of favor once Henry Ford introduced the gas-powered Model T in 1908. The years 1899 and 1900 were the high point of electric cars in America, as they outsold all other types of cars. One example was the 1902 Phaeton built by the Woods Motor Vehicle Company of Chicago, which had a range of 18 miles, a top speed of 14 mph and cost $2,000. Later in 1916, Woods also invented a hybrid car that had both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Sound familiar? [PAR] Should You Turn Your Car off at a Stoplight or Not? [PAR] A car uses 1.6 ounces of gas idling for one minute. It takes \u00bd ounce to start the average automobile. Idling uses more fuel than turning off your engine and restarting it. As a rule of thumb you should turn off your engine if you will be idling for more than 30 seconds. [PAR] Where the Word \u201cJeep\u201d Comes From [PAR] The term \u201cGeneral Purpose Vehicle\u201d or a G.P. was used as a designation for the popular four wheel drive vehicle used during World War II. A popular character introduced in the Popeye comic strip series in 1936 named \u201cEugene the Jeep\u201d was what influenced the term, and the only sound that Eugene made was \u201cjeep\u201c. This connection made the new term stick and pushed it quickly into common usage. [PAR] Most Roll Royce\u2019s per Capita in the World [PAR] Hong Kong is the city with the most Rolls Royce\u2019s per capital. Hong Kong has historically been the city which has had the maximum number of luxury cars per capita in the world. In fact, the city-state of Hong Kong is considered to be the largest metropolis for luxury goods and status symbols in the world. [PAR] First Steering Wheel [PAR] In 1898 the Panhard et Levassor cars came equipped as standard with steering wheels. The idea caught on and similar systems sparked across the world. By 1899, the steering wheel arrived in the US, where Packard introduced the steering wheel on one of its models. By the time the Model T arrived, the steering wheel was an essential part of the car. [PAR] First Speeding Ticket [PAR] Among the firsts was a speeding ticket issued in Dayton Ohio to Harry Myers while driving on West Third Street. His infraction was going twelve miles per hour. The year was 1904. [PAR] First Electric Turn Signals [PAR] In 1939 Buick was the first U.S. automaker to offer factory-installed flashing turn signals. It was considered a new-fangled safety"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wright Brothers Biography - life, story, death, school ... Wright Brothers Biography - life, story, death, school, young, information, born, contract, house, time [PAR] Wright Brothers Biography [PAR] Dayton, Ohio [PAR] American aviators [PAR] The American aviation pioneers Wilbur and Orville Wright were the first to accomplish manned, powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine. [PAR] Their early years [PAR] Wilbur and Orville Wright were the sons of Milton Wright, a bishop of the United Brethren in Christ. Wilbur was born on April 16, 1867, in Millville, Indiana. Orville was born on August 19, 1871, in Dayton, Ohio. Until the death of Wilbur in 1912, the two were inseparable. Their personalities were perfectly complementary (each provided what the other lacked). Orville was full of ideas and enthusiasms. Wilbur was more steady in his habits, more mature in his judgments, and more likely to see a project through. [PAR] While in high school, Wilbur intended to go to Yale and study to be a clergyman. However, he suffered a facial injury while playing hockey, which prevented him from continuing his education. For the next three years he continued his education informally through reading in his father's large library. [PAR] In their early years the two boys helped their father, who edited a journal called the Religious Telescope. Later, they began a paper of their own, West Side News. They went into business together as printers producing everything from religious handouts to commercial fliers. In 1892 they opened the Wright Cycle Shop in Dayton. This was the perfect occupation for the Wright brothers because it involved one of the exciting mechanical devices of the time: the bicycle. When the brothers took up the problems of flight, they had a solid grounding in practical mechanics (knowledge of how to build machines). [PAR] The exploits of one of the great glider pilots of the late nineteenth century, Otto Lilienthal, had attracted the attention of the Wright brothers as early as 1891, but it was not until the death of this famous aeronautical (having to do with the study of flying and the design of flying machines) engineer in 1896 that the two became interested in gliding experiments. They then decided to educate themselves in the theory and state of the art of flying. [PAR] Wilbur Wright (left) and his brother Orville. [PAR] Reproduced by permission of [PAR] . [PAR] Their beginnings in flight [PAR] The Wrights took up the problem of flight at a favorable time, for some of the fundamental, or basic, theories of aerodynamics were already known; a body of experimental data existed; and, most importantly, the recent development of the internal combustion engine made available a sufficient source of power for manned flight. [PAR] The Wright brothers began by accumulating and mastering all the important information on the subject, designed and tested their own models and gliders, built their own engine, and, when the experimental data they had inherited appeared to be inadequate or wrong, they conducted new and more thorough experiments. The Wrights decided that earlier attempts at flight were not successful because the plans for early airplanes required pilots to shift their bodies to control the plane. The brothers decided that it would be better to control a plane by moving its wings. [PAR] First trip to Kitty Hawk [PAR] The Wright brothers proceeded to fly double-winged kites and gliders in order to gain experience and to test the data they had. After consulting the U.S. Weather Bureau, they chose an area of sand dunes near the small town of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, as the site of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MYTHICAL HYBRIDS - Mythical-Creatures-and-Beasts.com Mythical Hybrids [PAR] MYTHICAL HYBRIDS [PAR] Go to A-Z List [PAR] Hybrids, in the mythical realm, are creatures that combine the features and body parts of more than one real species. [PAR] There are non-human versions that combine features of one or more animal species such as the basilisks , the Chimera and griffins . [PAR] Then, there are also part human combinations such as the very popular centaurs and mermaids . [PAR] Now, these mythical creatures seem as they have all the capabilities of being formidable beings especially when having, perhaps even mastering the command of all the strongest features of each of it's mixed species. [PAR] On the other hand, some of the combinations you will read about will make you wonder how such creatures could even sustain themselves, let alone survive. [PAR] This category is comprised of very well known, strong and mighty creatures. It also includes unsavoury beasts with all the necessary features and powers required to create the most horrifying and terrible nightmares possible. [PAR] I mean, think of just simply crossing paths with a skinless mouse (or a skinless anything) never mind a huge headed man-horse like the Nuckelavee stretching his long arms about trying to grab at you - very creepy. [PAR] THE A-Z LIST [PAR] Adaro - Evil mermen sea spirits [PAR] Adlet - Human and dog cross with red fur [PAR] Ahuizotl - Dog and monkey cross with five hands [PAR] Alkonost - A bird with the head of a beautiful woman [PAR] Ammit - Female demon that is part lion, hippopotamus & crocodile [PAR] Anubis - Tall human male with the head of a jackal [PAR] Basilisk - Head and claws of a rooster with a reptile's body and tail [PAR] Bastet - Female human with the head of a domesticated cat [PAR] Catoblepas - Large boar's head, small pig's body with wings [PAR] Centaur - Human horse hybrids, top half human with body of a horse [PAR] Cerberus - Three headed canine with a mane of serpents [PAR] Chimera - Head and body of a lioness, head of a goat, serpent's tail [PAR] Cockatrice - Head, claws and wings of a rooster, reptile's body and tail [PAR] Echidna - Upper half of a beautiful woman, lower body of a serpent [PAR] Formorians - Large, deformed bodies made up of animal parts [PAR] Gargoyles - Grotesque stone statues [PAR] Goatman - A half goat, half man creature [PAR] Gorgons - Woman's upper half, snakes for hair and a serpents body [PAR] Griffin - Head, claws and wings of an eagle, body and tail of a lion [PAR] Harpies - Top half of a witch, claws and wings of a vulture [PAR] Hippocampi - Horses with a serpentine lower half [PAR] Hippogriff - Head, wings and claws of an eagle - body of a horse [PAR] Khnum - Strong human male with the head of a ram [PAR] Lamia - Woman\u2019s head, scaly body, four legs and a tail [PAR] Leucrocuta - Horse's head and legs, neck and body of a lion [PAR] Lusca - Large octopus/shark hybrid [PAR] Manticore - Lion's body, human head, poisonous scorpion-like tail [PAR] Merlion - Head of a lion, body of a large fish [PAR] Mermaids - Beautiful women with a fish-like lower body [PAR] Minotaur - Body of a human male with the head and tail of a bull [PAR] Nuckelavee - Skinless monster, resembles popular hybrid - the Centaur [PAR] Onocentaur - Top half human & lower half donkey [PAR] Orthus - Two headed dog with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Hawthorn - 1958 Mike Hawthorn - 1958 [PAR] Mike Hawthorn [PAR] Share [PAR] Mike Hawthorn loved life, drove fast and died young. Big, blond and boisterous, he often raced wearing a broad grin and a bow tie. He regarded motorsport as a quick way to further the fun he constantly pursued. When his pastime became a profession he partied as hard as he drove, though his career was also tinged by tragedy, scandal and personal misfortune. Near the end he found Formula One racing no fun at all, but he went out a winner. Other champions were greater drivers but none was a more colourful personality. [PAR] Had he been born a decade earlier John Michael Hawthorn might have been a heroic Spitfire pilot in the Battle of Britain. Instead, the circumstances in his formative years led him into motorsport and he became Britain's first world driving champion. Two year's after Mike's birth on April 10, 1929, his racing enthusiast father Leslie bought a garage near the Brooklands circuit in Farnham, Surrey, where he had raced motorcycles prior to World War II. Inspired by the proximity of Brooklands, and by the atmosphere in the Hawthorn garage where cars and motorcycles were prepared for competition, Mike was only nine years old when he decided he wanted to become a racer. [PAR] Next Previous [PAR] 1 / 7 [PAR] Silverstone, July 1953: Fresh from his maiden Formula One win in France, Mike Hawthorn chats with Ferrari team manager Nello Ugolini ahead of the British Grand Prix. \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Silverstone, July 1953: Hawthorne lines up on the grid for the British Grand Prix after qualifying third. Pole sitter Alberto Ascari (Ferrari) is on the far side, then Jose Froilan Gonzalez (Maserati), Hawthorn (Ferrari) and Juan Manuel Fangio (Maserati). \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Silverstone, July 1953: Hawthorn (nearest) in the cockpit of the Ferrari 500 ahead of the Formula Libre Trophy race that followed the British Grand Prix. Also pictured are, far side, Juan Manuel Fangio (BRM), then Guiseppe Farina (Thin Wall Special) and Ken Wharton (BRM). \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Goodwood, September 1953: The start of the non-championship Formula One Woodcote Cup race. On pole, far side, is Juan Manuel Fangio (BRM), then Hawthorn (Ferrari), Roy Salvadori (Connaught) and Ken Wharton (BRM). \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Crystal Palace, July 1955: Race winner Mike Hawthorn leads in his Maserati 250F during the non-championship London Trophy Formula One event. Following him around South Tower Bend are Horace Gould (Maserati 250F) and Harry Schell (Vanwall VW2). \u00a9 Sutton Images [PAR] Nurburgring, Germany. 2-4 August 1957. Mike Hawthorn (Lancia-Ferrari D50 801) 2nd position. World Copyright - LAT Photographic [PAR] 1953 Grand Prix de Rouen. Rouen-les-Essarts, France. 28 June 1953. Giuseppe Farina and Mike Hawthorn (both Ferrari 500). They finished in 1st and 2nd position respectively, portrait. World Copyright: LAT Photographic [PAR] His education, at a prominent Public School followed by studies at Chelsea technical college and an apprenticeship with a commercial vehicle manufacturer, was intended to prepare him for a career at the Farnham garage. Meanwhile, his father also encouraged Mike's interest in motorsport, providing him with motorcycles, then cars for local competitions. Mike also sped around the countryside as the ringleader of a group of hell-raising friends searching for girls and pints of beer in pubs. In 1950 he began winning races in a small Riley sportscar bought for him by his father. Three years later the 'Farnham Flyer' was driving a Formula One car for Enzo Ferrari. [PAR] Mike's meteoric rise from club racer to Grand Prix driver took place"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pride and Prejudice | novel by Austen | Britannica.com Pride and Prejudice | novel by Austen | Britannica.com [PAR] Pride and Prejudice [PAR] The Picture of Dorian Gray [PAR] Pride and Prejudice, novel by Jane Austen , published anonymously in three volumes in 1813. The narrative, which Austen initially titled \u201cFirst Impressions,\u201d describes the clash between Elizabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy , a rich and aristocratic landowner. Although Austen shows them intrigued by each other, she reverses the convention of first impressions: \u201cpride\u201d of rank and fortune and \u201c prejudice \u201d against Elizabeth\u2019s inferiority of family hold Darcy aloof, while Elizabeth is equally fired both by the pride of self-respect and by prejudice against Darcy\u2019s snobbery. Ultimately, they come together in love and self-understanding. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Jane Austen [PAR] December 16, 1775 Steventon, Hampshire, England July 18, 1817 Winchester, Hampshire English writer who first gave the novel its distinctly modern character through her treatment of ordinary people in everyday life. She published four novels during her lifetime: Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride... [PAR] in Jane Austen: Life [PAR] ...was begun about 1795 as a novel-in-letters called \u201cElinor and Marianne,\u201d after its heroines. Between October 1796 and August 1797 Austen completed the first version of Pride and Prejudice, then called \u201cFirst Impressions.\u201d In 1797 her father wrote to offer it to a London publisher for publication, but the offer was declined. Northanger Abbey,... [PAR] More about Pride and Prejudice [PAR] 5 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] Pride and Prejudice - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] A novel by Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice was published anonymously in three volumes in 1813. The narrative, which Austen initially titled First Impressions, describes the clash between Elizabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a rich and aristocratic landowner. [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Article Title: Pride and Prejudice [PAR] Website Name: Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica [PAR] Date Published: July 15, 2014 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pride-and-Prejudice [PAR] Access Date: January 20, 2017"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St James Palace by C Fitzgerald - Louis J Doherty St James Palace by C Fitzgerald - Louis J Doherty [PAR] You are here: Home \u00bb Shop \u00bb Fine Art \u00bb Paintings and Prints \u00bb St James Palace by C Fitzgerald [PAR] St James Palace by C Fitzgerald [PAR] \u20ac200.00 [PAR] Description [PAR] Product Description [PAR] A mezzotint of St. James Palace, (the official residence of the sovereign and the most senior royal palace in the United Kingdom) by the English artist C. Fitzgerald. Signed in pencil and in good condition. Circa 1890-1900."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 13 country songs about whiskey | City Pages Top 13 country songs about whiskey | City Pages [PAR] Top 13 country songs about whiskey [PAR] Thursday, March 21, 2013 by Nikki Miller-Rose in Music [PAR] 0 [PAR] Today's a big day in whiskey history. As legend tells it, it was on this day in 1983 that Merle Haggard set a new world record for purchasing the largest round of whiskey, after buying 5,095 shots of Canadian Club at Billy Bob's Texas in Fort Worth at an appearance to promote his \"C.C. Waterback\" duet with George Jones. The whole round totaled 40 gallons of whiskey, and clocked up a bill of $12,737.50. [PAR] Have a headache yet? Read on, to discover 13 finely distilled country classics about brown liquor -- so far as your bloodshot eyes and double vision will allow you to do so. [PAR] [jump] [PAR] 13. \"Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound\" - Hank Williams, Jr. (1979) [PAR] We liked Hank Jr., the boozer, much more than Hank Jr., the \"homegrown\" \"politico\" he is today. Someone buy this man a round. And then a few more. Drink of choice: Jim Beam [PAR] 12. \"The King Is Gone (So Are You)\" - George Jones (1989) [PAR] This song was written by Roger Ferris, but it perfectly embodies the insane, riding-lawnmower-ridin', duck-talkin' genius of George Jones. Drink of choice: Jim Beam (poured from an Elvis decanter, drunk from a Flintstone jellybean jar) [PAR] 11. \"Tennessee Whiskey\" - George Jones with David Allan Coe (1983) [PAR] Performed here at at the first Farm Aid in 1985, this song was first released by David Allan Coe in 1981, and became a bigger hit for Jones two years later. Drink of choice: Jack Daniel's or George Dickel, if you please. [PAR] 10. \"Cigarettes, Whiskey and Wild Wild Women\" - Ramblin' Jack Elliott [PAR] If it's not bright lights, thick smoke and loud, loud music, it's likely to be this other thing. Drink of choice: So long as it's drunk with a cigarette dangling from your lip and a woman on your arm, we reckon it's not likely to matter. [PAR] 9. \"Jack Daniels, If You Please\" - David Allan Coe (1979) [PAR] Coe's got cigarettes and whiskey, and a wild woman who's done him wrong. Drink of choice: Not George Dickel. [PAR] 8. \"Whiskey, If You Were a Woman\" - Highway 101 (1987) [PAR] Don't let Paulette Carlson's pottery class instructor looks fool you; this band knew how to play a sad song. Drink of choice: The kind that's more addictive than wild, wild women. [PAR] 7. \"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'\" - Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart (1991) [PAR] In their 1991 hit duet, Tritt and Stuart seek redemption from whiskey in a woman. Now this is just confusing. Drink of choice: Over it. [PAR] 6. \"Faster Horses (The Cowboy and the Poet)\" - Tom T. Hall (1975) [PAR] As is the wont of a Tom T. Hall song, there's a story and a lesson to be learned here - the secret to life is faster horses, younger women, older whiskey, and more money. Drink of choice: The older the better. [PAR] 5. \"Rye Whiskey/Time to Switch to Whiskey\" - Corb Lund (2009) [PAR] Whisky? Whiskey? Who knows. This is starting to not look like a real word. Whiskie? Whissskeey? Drink of choice: Tullamore Dew, the great equalizer. [PAR] 4. \"Whiskey Trip\" - Gary Stewart (1978) [PAR] A totally underrated honky-tonk singer in his time, when Stewart sang sad drinkin' songs, he knew his stuff. He battled alcoholism and drug abuse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'The Simpsons' to Brew Actual, Officially Licensed Duff Beer 'The Simpsons' to Brew Actual, Officially Licensed Duff Beer - Rolling Stone [PAR] 'The Simpsons' to Brew Actual, Officially Licensed Duff Beer [PAR] Matt Taibbi's New Book: 'Insane Clown President' [PAR] 'The Simpsons' to Brew Actual, Officially Licensed Duff Beer [PAR] To thwart copycat brewers, 21st Century Fox bringing \"a premium lager\" inspired by series to Chile and potentially everywhere [PAR] An unauthorized batch of Duff Beer in Mexico, 2009. Due to an outbreak of bootlegged Duff, 21st Century Fox has teamed up with a brewmaster to craft a real version of the fictional beer. Credit: AFP [PAR] All Stories [PAR] Duff Beer, Homer Simpson's beverage of choice on The Simpsons , might soon be heading to real life coolers. The long-running show's media company, 21st Century Fox, has given the yellow thumbs up to brew an actual, officially licensed Duff Beer. However, as of now, the drink will only be available in Chile, the Wall Street Journal reports , though a worldwide release is being considered. [PAR] More News [PAR] 150 Best 'Simpsons' Episodes of All Time [PAR] From monorails to Mr. Plow, our favorite fraction of the show's legendary 552-episode run [PAR] Although Homer has been sipping on Duff for over a quarter-century, 21st Century Fox only decided to go into the beer business after countless Duff counterfeits popped up throughout Europe, South America and Mexico. While the company's lawyers have been successful in swatting down brewers hoping to capitalize on The Simpsons' worldwide recognition, because Duff doesn't actually exist in real life, 21st Century Fox have had trouble protecting the fictional beer's copyright in some countries, like Chile. [PAR] In that South American country, plenty of bootlegged Duff crept into the marketplace, and although 21st Century Fox filed an intellectual property complaint against those brewers, resulting in thousands of seized bottles, the demand for more Duff resulted in other bootleggers popping up in Colombia and Mexico. Rather than continue battling the copycats, 21st Century Fox instead decided to brew their own officially licensed product. [PAR] In 1996, an Australian company attempted to legally license the Duff brand but was rebuffed because a Simpsons-branded beer was viewed as \"detrimental to children.\" The outbreak of bootlegged Duff, however, has changed the company's opinion on the matter. \"Once you see enough piracy, you are faced with two choices,\" Jeffrey Godsick, president of 21st Century Fox's consumer products division, told the Wall Street Journal. \"One is deciding to fight it, and the other is deciding to go out [into the market] with it.\" [PAR] Unfortunately for American Simpsons fans, the only place to drink a Duff currently is at the show's themed areas at Universal Studios parks in Orlando and Los Angeles. However, given The Simpsons' success, \"I think there's potential to have Duff everywhere in the world,\" Godsick said, adding that the beer would be packaged without any mention of The Simpsons or a Homer Simpson endorsement. Sadly, that likely means Duff Man won't accompany the product into the real world. [PAR] On numerous occasions on The Simpsons, the series has joked about the questionable quality of the fictional Duff. In reality, however, British brewmaster Paul Farnsworth created a recipe for Duff that will make the beverage a \"premium lager\" with a \"caramel aromatic.\" [PAR] In 2012, Guns N' Roses' Duff McKagan revealed that his name was the inspiration behind The Simpsons' beer. Producers even sought McKagan's permission before using the name, and the bassist allowed it without asking for anything in return. \"I knew nothing about branding yourself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Pepsi Cola - About.com Money The History of Pepsi Cola [PAR] The History of Pepsi Cola [PAR] The History of Pepsi Cola [PAR] A six-pack of Pepsi, 1960s. Tom Kelley Archive / Getty Images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] \"Brad's Drink\": Pepsi's Humble Origins [PAR] Caleb Bradham of New Bern, North Carolina was a pharmacist. Like many pharmacists at the turn of the century he had a soda fountain in his drugstore, where he served his customers refreshing drinks that he created himself. His most popular beverage was something he called \"Brad's drink,\" a mix of sugar, water, caramel, lemon oil, kola nuts, nutmeg, and other additives. It became an overnight sensation. [PAR] (Although some reports claim the original drink contained pepsin\u2014which would go a long way to explaining the drinks\u2019 subsequent name change \u2014 the use of the digestive enzyme is now regarded as the stuff of pure legend.) [PAR] \"Brad's drink\", created in the summer of 1893, was later renamed in 1898 after he bought the trade name \"Pep Cola\" for $100 from a competitor from Newark, New Jersey that had gone broke. The new name was trademarked on June 16th, 1903. Bradham's neighbor, an artist, designed the first Pepsi logo, and ninety-seven shares of stock for Bradham's new company were issued. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Write a Business Plan [PAR] Bankruptcy and Revival [PAR] After seventeen years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during World War I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise -- but they fell instead, leaving Caleb Bradham with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. [PAR] In 1931, Pepsi Cola was bought by the Loft Candy Company Loft president, Charles G. Guth, who reformulated the popular soft drink, tinkering with the recipe. Guth struggled to make a success of Pepsi and even offered to sell Pepsi to the Coca-Cola company , who refused to offer a bid. [PAR] The company soldiered on, increasing sales steadily by selling its 12-ounce bottles for nickel\u2014a penny less than most of its competitors. Expansion continued in the 30\u2019s with the company setting up bottling franchises across the country. [PAR] In 1964 the company unveiled \u201cDiet Pepsi\u201d and acquired Mountain Dew, a citrus flavored soft drink. One year later, the company merged with Frito Lay company, becoming PepsiCo. [PAR] Throughout the next few decades, the drink continued to flourish, expanding its presence around the globe and battling soda industry leader Coca Cola for market share with aggressive marketing campaigns and promotion, including its famous \u201cPepsi Generation\u201d and \"Pepsi Challenge\" ad campaigns. [PAR] In 2015, the company announced it would discontinue using aspartame as the sweetener in Diet Pepsi, and replaced it with sucralose, another artificial sweetener. The move was pitched as addressing customer concerns about the health risks of aspartame.[DOC] [TLE] Pepsi was originally called \"Brad's Drink\" - Factually Pepsi was originally called \"Brad's Drink\" [PAR] Pepsi was originally called \"Brad's Drink\" [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Some of the soft drinks we know today originally started as patent medicines in the late 19th century \u2014 including Coca-Cola, which infamously contained cocaine . But when Caleb Bradham invented a drink in 1893 he set out to make it free of stimulants. It didn't even contain caffeine. He originally called it Brad's Drink, but by 1898 it would be trademarked using the name we call it today: Pepsi. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] From \"Brad's Drink\" in the Soviet Union by Ludmilla Grincenko Wells at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Absinthe Drinker - Pablo Picasso - WikiArt.org ... The Absinthe Drinker, 1901 - Pablo Picasso - WikiArt.org [PAR] The Absinthe Drinker [PAR] it is a historically significant artwork [PAR] the image is only being used for informational and educational purposes [PAR] the image is readily available on the internet [PAR] the image is a low resolution copy of the original artwork and is unsuitable for commercial use [PAR] More \u2026 [PAR] WikiArt.org allows unlimited copying, distributing and displaying of the images of public domain artworks solely. We use here Copyright term based on authors' deaths according to U.S. Copyright Law, that is 70 years. In other countries, the duration of copyright term may differ. Please check here copyright length according to your country's legislation before you consider reproducing images borrowed from Wikipaintings.org [PAR] Artworks protected by copyright are supposed to be used only for contemplation. Images of that type of artworks are prohibited for copying, printing, or any kind of reproducing and communicating to public since these activities may be considered copyright infringement. [PAR] Pablo Picasso[DOC] [TLE] Pablo Picasso The Absinthe Drinker 1901 painting - The ... Pablo Picasso The Absinthe Drinker 1901 painting - The Absinthe Drinker 1901 print for sale [PAR] We sell thousands of pieces of artwork each month - all with a 100% money-back guaranteed. [PAR] [PAR] If you want to purchase museum quality The Absinthe Drinker 1901 at discount price, why not give us a try? You will save a lot more! [PAR] Delivery [PAR] If Pablo Picasso The Absinthe Drinker 1901 is printed by machine on textured canvas, it takes about 5 working days to your address; if you choose it as hand painted reproduction, it takes about 18 working days to your address. We ship all over the world. This Pablo Picasso The Absinthe Drinker 1901 is oil on canvas and waterproof. We can provide The Absinthe Drinker 1901 giclee print, stretched canvas and large framed art, but do not offer poster."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to make Hot Molasses - Eating Rules How to make Hot Molasses - Eating Rules [PAR] A guest post by Kristine Duncan on October 25, 2013 in How to Make\u2026 ; Smoothies & Beverages 28 [PAR] Kristine Duncan, MS, RD, CDE is a vegetarian dietitian, freelance writer, community college instructor, dog lady, cat lady, and nutrition blogger at VegGirlRD . She lives in Washington State but dreams of moving to Italy someday and getting paid to eat pasta and cheese for a living. Until then you can find her on Twitter and Facebook . [PAR] Warm, rich, sweet brown liquid. That\u2019s how most of us like to start the day, whether we brew up a cup at home or cruise through our favorite drive thru. I know the main motivator to this ritual is caffeine, but I\u2019d like you to consider for a moment another way to quench your morning thirst that looks and feels a lot like a latte but boasts a bit more nutrition. I give you: the Hot Molasses. [PAR] A favorite coffee cart in Bellingham, Washington, which has since closed up shop, first turned me on to the idea of melting molasses into hot milk. The result is divine. I think it tastes like hot buttered rum, kind of roasty and caramelly (which makes a little bit of sense because molasses is actually used to make rum) and it\u2019s definitely more healthful than traditional syrups or sauces used to flavor coffee and espresso drinks. [PAR] Molasses is a byproduct of sugar production, made from crushing sugar cane and cooking down the sweet liquid that\u2019s extracted. It usually goes through three rounds of cooking, with crystalized sugar removed at each step, leaving the dark brown syrup referred to as blackstrap. The consistency is almost identical to that famous chocolate syrup in the brown squeeze bottle, but nutrition sets it apart: it\u2019s surprisingly high in calcium, iron and potassium, especially for a sweetener. That\u2019s actually one of the problems with our favorite sweet things like table sugar or honey\u2026teaspoon for teaspoon, they don\u2019t offer up many nutrients besides carbohydrate. When you\u2019re shopping, be sure to get blackstrap as other types of molasses don\u2019t have the same vitamin and mineral content as this lovely liquid. [PAR] When I go on and on about the nutritional powerhouse that is blackstrap molasses, folks usually ask me how the heck to use it. When we think of molasses in the kitchen, the occasional ginger snap cookie or pot of baked beans come to mind, but I\u2019ve got a quick recipe that will help you make this a daily pantry staple. [PAR] My recipe for Hot Molasses makes 2 cups, which is a breakfast in itself. But, you can easily make the whole recipe, enjoy half and put the rest in the fridge for a quick reheat on day 2. I find it equally delicious over ice. [PAR] 5 from 3 votes[DOC] [TLE] Molasses Drink Recipes by Bar None Drinks Molasses Drink Recipes by Bar None Drinks [PAR] Bacardi Rum, Lime, Molasses, Sugar [PAR] [PAR] 329 Nottingham Drive Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 4T1 | Phone/Fax (815)301-8807 | Advertising | Site Info | Contact Us [PAR] Copyright 1995-2013 Bar None Drink Recipes. Please read our disclaimer and privacy policy ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beer quotations and humor - schiesshouse Beer quotations and humor [PAR] Beer Quotations and Humor. [PAR] Fill with mingled cream and amber, [PAR] I will drain that glass again. [PAR] Such hilarious visions clamber [PAR] Through the chamber of my brain. [PAR] Quaintest thoughts, queerest fancies [PAR] Come to life and fade away. [PAR] What care I how time advances: [PAR] I am drinking ale today. [PAR] - Edgar Allen Poe [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdYou can only drink 30 or 40 glasses of beer a day, no matter how rich you are.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Adolphus Busch [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDrink triple, see double, and act single\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Anonymous [PAR] Similar to ONE BEER, TWO BEER, THREE BEER, FLOOR [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdGetting stoned just makes you want to eat and get fat. At least drinking too much makes you vomit which makes you thin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Earl J. Hickey [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAnd smoking weed kills your brain cells, not like getting drunk which only hurts the liver, and you got two of them\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Earl J. Hickey [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdProhibition makes you want to cry into your beer and denies you the beer to cry into.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Don Marquis [PAR] \"In my opinion, most of the great men of the past were only there for the beer\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe wealth, prestige and grandeur that went with the power.\" - A.J.P. Taylor, British historian, 1984 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWhiskey and Beer are a man\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds worst enemies\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbut the man that runs away from his enemies is a coward!\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Zeca Palomino (Brazilian song writer) [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBuy a man a beer, and he wastes an hour. Teach a man to brew, and he wastes a lifetime.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Charles Papazian [PAR] \"Beer he drank - seven goblets. His spirit was loosened. He became hilarious. His heart was glad and his face shown.\" - from the Epic of Gilgamesh, 3000 B.C. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIf you resolve to give up smoking and drinking, you don\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt actually live longer; it just seems longer.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Clement Freud. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThere\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds nothing like good food, good beer, and a bad girl.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Harvey Allen [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAnd God said, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdLet there be beer!\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd And He saw that is was good. Then God said, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdLet there be light!\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd And then He said, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWhoa-too much light\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Frank Varano [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBeer may not solve your problems, but neither will water or milk\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Wiley [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe church is near, but the road is icy. The bar is far, but we will walk carefully\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Russian Proverb. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdOn some days, my head is filled with such wild and original thoughts that I can barely utter a word. On other days, the brewery is close.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Frank Varano [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMilk is for babies. When you grow up you have to drink beer.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Arnold Schwarzenegger [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDon\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt bother trying to join the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. It turns out they are apparently against all three.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Wiley [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWomen and drink. Too much of either can drive you to the other\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Michael Still [PAR] \"A fine beer may be judged with only one sip, but it's better to be thoroughly sure.\" [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFermentation may have been a greater discovery than fire\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - David Wallace [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWho does not love beer, wine, women, and song remains a fool his whole life.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Carl Worner [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMen can go wrong with wine and women. Shall we then prohibit and abolish women?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] \"A little bit of beer is divine medicine.\" \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdParacelsus, Greek physician [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBeer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd - Benjamin Franklin [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAn intelligent man is sometimes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RAF College Cranwell - Local Area Information RAF College Cranwell - Local Area Information [PAR] RAF College Cranwell [PAR] Local Area Information [PAR] Local Area Information [PAR] RAF College Cranwell is situated in the North Kesteven District Council area in the heart of rural Lincolnshire, 5 miles from Sleaford and 14 miles from the City of Lincoln, surrounded by bustling market towns, picturesque villages and landscapes steeped in aviation history. [PAR] Lincolnshire is currently home to several operational RAF airfields and was a key location during WWII for bomber stations. Museums, memorials, former airfields, heritage and visitor centres bear witness to the bravery of the men and women of this time. [PAR] The ancient City of Lincoln dates back at least to Roman times and boasts a spectacular Cathedral and Castle area, whilst Sleaford is the home to the National Centre for Craft & Design. [PAR] Please click on the Logo to access website"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Royal Ballet School The Royal Ballet School | Setting the standard [PAR] Contact [PAR] Setting the standard [PAR] Our mission is to nurture, train and educate exceptional young dancers for the Royal Ballet companies and other leading UK and international companies and to inspire the future of classical ballet training. [PAR] Support us [PAR] The Royal Ballet School is a charity and as such relies on the generosity of individuals, companies, trusts and foundations to continue to be able to provide world class training and opportunities for students."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Booth's Reason for Assassination | Teachinghistory.org Booth's Reason for Assassination | Teachinghistory.org [PAR] Booth's Reason for Assassination [PAR] Why did John Wilkes Booth assassinate Abraham Lincoln? What kind of gun did he use? [PAR] Answer [PAR] On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth became the first person to assassinate an American president when he shot and killed Abraham Lincoln in his box at Ford\u2019s Theater in Washington. Using a .44 caliber derringer pistol\u2014a small, easily concealed handgun\u2014Booth fired a single shot (timed so that that the audience\u2019s laughter would mask the report) into Lincoln\u2019s brain at point-blank range before jumping to the stage and escaping into the night. After a two-week manhunt, Federal troops cornered Booth in a barn in Maryland, where a Union soldier shot him in the neck. Booth died two hours later. [PAR] A member of a famous acting family (many considered Booth\u2019s father, Junius Brutus Booth, the finest Shakespearean actor of his generation, and Booth\u2019s older brother, Edwin is commonly named among the greatest American actors of all time), John Wilkes Booth enjoyed a phenomenally successful stage career during the Civil War: by 1864, he earned $20,000 a year, at a time when the average Northern family earned around $300 annually. A Marylander by birth, Booth was an open Confederate sympathizer during the war. A supporter of slavery, Booth believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution and to destroy his beloved South. [PAR] After Lincoln\u2019s reelection in November 1864, Booth devised a plan to kidnap the president and spirit him to Richmond, where he could be ransomed for some of the Confederate prisoners languishing in northern jails. Booth enlisted a group of friends from Washington to aid him in his attempt. That winter, Booth and his conspirators plotted a pair of elaborate plans to kidnap the president; the first involved capturing Lincoln in his box at Ford\u2019s Theater and lowering the president to the stage with ropes. Booth ultimately gave up acting to focus on these schemes, and spent more than $10,000 to buy supplies to outfit his band of kidnappers. Neither of the kidnapping plans bore fruit\u2014the second, a ploy on March 17 to capture Lincoln as he traveled in his carriage collapsed when the president changed his itinerary\u2014and several of Booth\u2019s conspirators ultimately left the group. [PAR] Now, by God, I\u2019ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make [PAR] On the evening of April 11, the president stood on the White House balcony and delivered a speech to a small group gathered on the lawn. Two days earlier, Robert E. Lee had surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, and after four long years of struggle it had become clear that the Union cause would emerge from the war victorious. Lincoln\u2019s speech that evening outlined some of his ideas about reconstructing the nation and bringing the defeated Confederate states back into the Union. Lincoln also indicated a wish to extend the franchise to some African-Americans\u2014at the very least, those who had fought in the Union ranks during the war\u2014and expressed a desire that the southern states would extend the vote to literate blacks, as well. Booth stood in the audience for the speech, and this notion seems to have amplified his rage at Lincoln. \u201cThat means nigger citizenship,\u201d he told Lewis Powell, one of his band of conspirators. \u201cNow, by God, I\u2019ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make.\u201d [PAR] Three days later Booth made good on his promise. Upon learning that Lincoln and his wife intended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Origin of the Teddy Bear - Fact Monster Origin of the Teddy Bear [PAR] Origin of the Teddy Bear [PAR] Teddy Bear sculpture by Urs Fischer in New York City [PAR] Source: AP Photo/Charles Sykes [PAR] In November 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt and some of his friends went on a hunting trip to Mississippi. After hours of searching, Roosevelt and his group had not come across any wild animals. Finally, the group did track down and surrounded a helpless bear. One of the guides asked the president to shoot the bear so he could win a hunting trophy. The president refused, and news reporters throughout the country spread the story of Roosevelt's kind act. [PAR] Not long after this took place, a famous cartoonist named Clifford Berryman drew a cartoon based on Roosevelt 's rescue of the bear. When a store owner in Brooklyn saw the cartoon, he decided to make toy bears to sell in his shop. He asked president Roosevelt for permission to use the name \u201c\"Teddy's Bear\"\u201d for his toys, as a reminder of the bear Roosevelt had set free. Nowadays, everyone knows these toys as Teddy Bears, but few people know that they were named after President Theodore \u201c\"Teddy\"\u201d Roosevelt. [PAR] November 14 has been designated American Teddy Bear Day. [PAR] Source: The U.S. Navy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why did Noah release a raven? Why did he later release a ... Why did Noah release a raven? Why did he later release a dove (Genesis 8)? [PAR] Why did Noah release a raven? Why did he later release a dove (Genesis 8)? [PAR] [PAR] Subscribe to our Question of the Week : [PAR] Question: \"Why did Noah release a raven? Why did he later release a dove (Genesis 8)?\" [PAR] Answer: Following the Genesis flood, as the ark was resting on Mount Ararat, Noah released a raven and dove from the ark at different times. The goal in sending these birds was to determine if the flood waters had abated enough for Noah and his family to exit the ark. [PAR] In Genesis 8:6-7 we read, \u201cAt the end of forty days Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made and sent forth a raven. It went to and fro until the waters were dried up from the earth.\u201d The \u201c40 days\u201d here is after the tops of the mountains were visible (verse 5), over seven months after the flood began. A raven was released and apparently never returned. No reason is provided regarding why a raven was selected rather than another bird. However, raven can eat carrion and would feed off dead animals in the water. A dove, on the other hand, would return to its point of origin if no land was found. [PAR] Noah sent a dove in Genesis 8:8-9: \u201cThen he sent forth a dove from him, to see if the waters had subsided from the face of the ground. But the dove found no place to set her foot, and she returned to him to the ark, for the waters were still on the face of the whole earth. So he put out his hand and took her and brought her into the ark with him.\u201d The dove returned with no indication that a place had been found to alight. [PAR] A week later, in Genesis 8:10-11, Noah sent the dove again: \u201cHe waited another seven days, and again he sent forth the dove out of the ark. And the dove came back to him in the evening, and behold, in her mouth was a freshly plucked olive leaf. So Noah knew that the waters had subsided from the earth.\u201d Things had begun to grow once again; the earth was becoming more habitable. [PAR] Another week passed. Then, in Genesis 8:12, Noah sends out the dove one more time: \u201cThen he waited another seven days and sent forth the dove, and she did not return to him anymore.\u201d The dove had no need to return to the ark, since it had found a home on land. The ark could soon be emptied, and humanity could begin to establish itself again in the world. [PAR] From Genesis 7:11 to 8:14, we know that the flood lasted a total of one year and ten days. The raven and the dove were released over a period of 21 days after the mountaintops became visible (Genesis 8:10-12). The raven served as a first attempt to discover dry land, and the dove became Noah\u2019s way of determining when to leave the ark.[DOC] [TLE] Genesis 8:7 and sent out a raven, and it kept flying back ... Genesis 8:7 and sent out a raven, and it kept flying back and forth until the water had dried up from the earth. [PAR] Matthew Henry Commentary [PAR] 8:4-12 The ark rested upon a mountain, whither it was directed by the wise and gracious providence of God,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] horse psychology, wind sucking, crib biting, weaving horse psychology, wind sucking, crib biting, weaving [PAR] Horses, like people, have different characters (temperaments) [PAR] Leader horses are more difficult to manage [PAR] The leader horse is the bossy one in the group [PAR] Nervous horses don't suit nervous riders [PAR] A nervous horse will often turn out kind with right rider [PAR] Older horses don't always have good temperaments [PAR] Horses often misbehave with nervous riders so buy one with kind temperament [PAR] It's important rider is Number One in pecking order [PAR] If you can't manage your horse, ask for help [PAR] HORSEPOWER WITH MARTIN CLUNES - The series that we all loved. Can only admire Martin Clunes's warmth, humour and feeling for horses as he travels around the world. If you didn't see all the TV series or just want to revisit it, you'll adore this DVD. [PAR] [PAR] Weaving, crib biting and wind sucking [PAR] These three serious vices are counted as an unsoundness and have to be disclosed at a sale. There are many feed supplements and gadgets on the market which claim to help but unfortunately most serious cases are extremely hard, if not impossible, to cure. In many cases, the most you can hope for is to reduce the stress causing these 'nervous' problems. [PAR] Weaving [PAR] A horse is said to be a \u2018weaver' when it continuously rocks from side to side on its forelegs and sways its head. The horse will usually do this with its head over a stable door. The constant effort causes the horse to lose weight and it can also damage the legs. Weaving is usually caused by boredom or nervousness. Highly strung horses which are stabled for long hours often become weavers. Some believe that it can also be copied by young horses which see older horses weaving but I have never seen this happen. Weaving horses are like a human with a nervous \u2018tic'. [PAR] If your horse turns out to be a weaver, you can try the following: [PAR] If the horse is bored, leave it out in the field for longer periods. A horse doesn't normally weave at grass. [PAR] Fit an anti-weaving grille to the top of the stable door so that the horse cannot swing his head. Unfortunately this will not stop a bad weaver which will continue to weave behind the grille. [PAR] Highly strung horses can improve with more work. An over-fed, underworked horse will be full of pent up energy and this makes a weaver worse. [PAR] Keep weaving horses stabled away from other horses to stop youngsters imitating them. [PAR] Some supplements to the horse's diet can help to relax the animal, such as herbal and liquid calmers. It is worth trying these if your horse is a bad weaver. [PAR] Crib biting and wind sucking [PAR] A crib biting or wind sucking horse is deemed to be unsound. Crib biters hold onto objects, such as a stable door or a manger, with their teeth and swallow air. Wind suckers arch their necks and swallow air. Both make a loud, obvious noise. These vices can stop the horse putting on weight and can also upset the digestion and cause colic. Try the following which might help: [PAR] If the horse is locked up in the stable for hours, try leaving it out on grass for longer periods as the problem may be caused by boredom. [PAR] If you have no land to turn out the horse, give it something to \u2018play' with in the stable to keep"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Familiarity breeds contempt - and children. - Mark Twain ... Familiarity breeds contempt - and children. - Mark Twain - BrainyQuote [PAR] Find on Amazon: Mark Twain [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Out, damned spot - Shakespeare Quotes - eNotes.com Out, damned spot - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] Out, damned spot [PAR] What is it she does now? Look how she rubs her hands. [PAR] Gentlewoman: [PAR] It is an accustom'd action with her, to seem thus [PAR] washing her hands. I have known her continue in this a quarter of [PAR] an hour. [PAR] Hark, she speaks. I will set down what comes from her, to [PAR] satisfy my remembrance the more strongly. [PAR] Lady Macbeth: [PAR] Out, damn'd spot! out, I say!\u2014One; two: why, then [PAR] 'tis time to do't.\u2014Hell is murky.\u2014Fie, my lord, fie, a soldier, and [PAR] afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our [PAR] pow'r to accompt?\u2014Yet who would have thought the old man to [PAR] have had so much blood in him? [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] Lady Macbeth, as has become her wont, sleepwalks through the royal castle. As her waiting-woman and her doctor listen in, she mutters fragments of an imaginary conversation that recalls the night she and her husband conspired to murder King Duncan [see A SORRY SIGHT ]. The hour is two o'clock; she upbraids her husband for his bad conscience; she insists that there will be nothing to fear once they've grabbed the crown; she marvels at how much blood Duncan had to shed. As Lady Macbeth replays this scene for the eavesdroppers, she not only incriminates herself, but also reveals the pangs of conscience she had ridiculed in her husband. [PAR] \"Out, damn'd spot\" is a prime example of \"Instant Bard,\" tailor-made for ironic jokes and marketing schemes. But the \"spot\" isn't a coffee stain, it's blood. One motif of Macbeth is how tough it is to wash, scrub, or soak out nasty bloodstains. Macbeth had said that even the ocean couldn't wash his hands clean of Duncan's blood; Lady Macbeth, who scorned him then, now finds the blood dyed into her conscience. The king and queen persist in imagining that physical actions can root out psychological demons, but the play is an exposition of how wrong they are.[DOC] [TLE] No Fear Shakespeare: Macbeth: Act 5, Scene 1, Page 2 No Fear Shakespeare: Macbeth: Act 5, Scene 1, Page 2 [PAR] No Fear Shakespeare [PAR] Home \u2192 No Fear Shakespeare \u2192 Macbeth \u2192 Act 5, Scene 1, Page 2 [PAR] Macbeth [PAR] Why, it stood by her. She has light by her continually. 'Tis her command. [PAR] GENTLEWOMAN [PAR] It stands by her bedside. She always has to have a light next to her. Those are her orders. [PAR] DOCTOR [PAR] You see her eyes are open. [PAR] DOCTOR [PAR] You see, her eyes are open. [PAR] GENTLEWOMAN [PAR] Ay, but their sense is shut. [PAR] GENTLEWOMAN [PAR] Yes, but they don\u2019t see anything. [PAR] DOCTOR [PAR] What is it she does now? Look, how she rubs her hands. [PAR] DOCTOR [PAR] What\u2019s she doing now? Look how she rubs her hands. [PAR] 20 [PAR] GENTLEWOMAN [PAR] It is an accustomed action with her to seem thus washing her hands. I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour. [PAR] GENTLEWOMAN [PAR] She often does that. She looks like she\u2019s washing her hands. I\u2019ve seen her do that before for as long as fifteen minutes. [PAR] LADY MACBETH [PAR] Yet here\u2019s a spot. [PAR] LADY MACBETH [PAR] There\u2019s still a spot here. [PAR] DOCTOR [PAR] Hark! She speaks. I will set down"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Adolf Hitler Quotes: Chamberlain seemed such a nice old ... Adolf Hitler Quotes: Chamberlain seemed such a nice old gentleman\u2026 | Famous Inspirational Quotes & Sayings [PAR] Related Authors: Pol Pot - Adolf Hitler - Theodore Kaczynski - Hermann Goering - James Earl Ray - Lee Harvey Oswald - Jesse James - Dennis Kozlowski [PAR] Al Gonzales is a dedicated public servant and exceptionally qualified to be our nation's next Attorney General. I know that a lot has been said about Judge Gonzales' life story. It is a story of the fulfillment of the American Dream."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] It's not true I had nothing on, I had the radio on ... It's not true I had nothing on, I had the radio on. - Marilyn Monroe - BrainyQuote [PAR] It's not true I had nothing on, I had the radio on. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Marilyn Monroe [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Binnacle On Ships? - Marine Insight What Is A Binnacle On Ships? [PAR] What is a Binnacle On Ships? [PAR] By KaranC | In: Marine Navigation | Last Updated on [PAR] May 4, 2016 [PAR] +11 [PAR] The nautical compass plays a very vital role in maritime navigation. However, at times it becomes necessary and relevant to safeguard the compass from weather conditions. The navigation instrument that helps serve this purpose is the binnacle. Alongside this aid, binnacles also safeguard the compasses from toppling over due to the constant rolling and pitching of the vessel. [PAR] History of the Marine Binnacle [PAR] Binnacles have been in utilisation since the 1700s. Over the years though, several developments to the technology of binnacles have been carried out to suit the developments in the vessels\u2019 building technology. The instrument consists of a round stand upon which a plinth is mounted. Separate divisions constructed, store the compass and other navigational equipments on the plinth of the binnacle. [PAR] Credits: Hydrargyrum/wikipedia.org [PAR] A ship binnacle is positioned right before the steersman\u2019s line of vision. The compass and all other navigation equipment is safeguarded within the binnacle, making it easy for the steersman to observe and steer the vessel accordingly. For this purpose, binnacles have always been constructed to come up to the waist of steersmen handling the vessel. [PAR] A major developmental feature in the construction of binnacles is regarded to be counter-mechanisms to balance the magnetic disruptions caused. [PAR] Flinders tubing was yet another methodology utilised to counteract the magnetic disruptions. The tubing consists of a couple of rods placed on each side of the instrument. [PAR] The Flinders tubing are named after noted British adventurer Sir Matthew Flinders, who mapped out the Australian coast. [PAR] In the mid-19th century, inventor John Gray came up with the idea to place auto-adjusting magnets to balance the magnetic disruptions, caused by the nautical compass. [PAR] Magnetic balls were invented by Englishman Lord Kelvin in the late-1800s. The basic principle of their adoption was to place two magnetic balls on either side of the marine binnacle. The magnetic disruptions caused would be balanced by these two magnetic spheres. [PAR] Binnacles have formed a mainstay of maritime operations worldwide. Vessel operators and skippers, across the world, are assured of a safer and surer voyage on account of this simplistic aiding navigation equipment. [PAR] Other Terminologies [PAR] While binnacles refer to navigation instrument, the term \u2018binnacle lists\u2019 refers to those seafarers who have been relieved from duty on a particular day on account of medical unfitness. [PAR] Reference: antiquesofthesea , mollybrownbtl , wisegeek[DOC] [TLE] BINNACLES and COMPASSES - Antiques Of The Sea BINNACLES and COMPASSES [PAR] HOW TO ORDER [PAR] US NAVY WW II TYPE VII HUGE BRONZE/COPPER BATTLE SHIPS \" LIONEL COMPASS\" BINNACLE WITH DEGAUSSING RING [PAR] This is a spectacular authentic solid bronze and copper WWII US Navy binnacle. Usually this type VII was used on the big battle ships. Some were fitted with a degaussing ring, like this beauty. Size: Total height 58\" by 35\" wide. [PAR] The binnacle is the stand provided for mounting the magnetic compass. The US Navy type, is 3 1/2' high, consisting of a circular base, a pedestal, a magnetic compartment and a compass chamber & flinders bar. Cast en bloc to the unit are 2 bronze projecting arms for supporting 2 massive 30 lbs ea quadrantal spheres. Magnets, the spheres and flinders bar are used in compensating the compass. In the compass chamber, is housed the \"Lionel Standard No.1 US Navy Compass\". The compass bottom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Kingdom: red ensign - CRW Flags United Kingdom: red ensign [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] United Kingdom: red ensign [PAR] The Red Ensign [PAR] For the flying of ensigns, the law is as follows: [PAR] Subject to subsection (2) below, a British ship, other than a fishing vessel, shall hoist the red ensign or other proper national colours-- [PAR] on a signal being made to the ship by one of Her Majesty's ships (including any ship under the command of a commissioned naval officer); and [PAR] on entering or leaving any foreign port; and [PAR] in the case of ships of 50 or more tons gross tonnage, on entering or leaving any British port. [PAR] Subsection (1)(c) above does not apply to a small ship (as defined in section 1(2)) registered under Part II. The 1995 Merchant Shipping Act is not very well drafted as it does not say anything of Commonwealth ports (in English law \"foreign\" excludes Commonwealth). The Canadian version is more informative: [PAR] \"The Canadian Shipping Act states that a Canadian ship shall hoist the flag on a signal being made to her by one of Her Majesty's Canadian ships, or any ship in the service of and belonging to the Government of Canada; on entering or leaving any foreign port; and if of 50 tonnes gross tonnage or upwards, on entering or leaving any Commonwealth port.\" [PAR] Obviously, maritime practice is to fly ensigns more often than this. How often is up to you. [PAR] Andrew Yong, 21 August 2003 [PAR] In its original form the Red Ensign came into use as the Civil Ensign of England c1650 (having been previously adopted by the English Royal Navy in 1625), and received official sanction as such in a Royal Proclamation of 18 September 1674. As far as is known the Scottish merchant marine also flew a red ensign (although charged with the cross of St Andrew), but this came to an end with the Act of Union of 1707, after which the Civil Ensigns of both countries were charged with the Union Flag . In its present form, however, the Red Ensign dates from the change to the Union of 1 January 1801, it was largely given into the care of the merchant service by an Order in Council dated 9 July 1864, and was last regulated by Article 4 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. [PAR] Christopher Southworth, 3 December 2003 [PAR] Perrin writing in \" British Flags \" page 132, 'From that date (1824) the red ensign alone has been the legal national colours of a British merchant vessel.' [PAR] David Prothero, 5 September 2003 [PAR] The 1894 Merchant Shipping Act appears to confirm Perrin when it states that: \"The Red Ensign usually worn by the merchant ships, without any defacement or modification whatever, is hereby declared to be the proper national colours for all ships or boats belonging to any British Subject\". [PAR] Christopher Southworth, 5 September 2003 [PAR] The red ensign is in informally, even affectionately, named the \"red duster\". There does not seem to be any agreement on how the expression arose. My theory is that Red Ensigns were hoisted and left until they were so dirty and tattered that they looked more like dusters than flags, and/or, because on British ships old flags were often used as rags before being thrown away. [PAR] David Prothero, 13 October 2003 [PAR] I have not come across any reference to a (or the) \"red duster\" before about 1880, so I was wondering"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Meaning of \u201cAvast\u201d and Other Pirate Words - Bright Hub What Does Avast Mean? [PAR] Pirate Terms [PAR] [PAR] One of the side effects of the vast popularity of the Pirates of the Caribbean movie franchise is a huge number of Jack Sparrow imitators spouting off phrases like \u201cBelay that,\" \u201cYo-Ho, me hearties,\" and \u201cAvast.\" So what are they actually saying? Asking them what they mean will probably get you one of those \u201cAre you from another planet?\" stares (a common defense when they don\u2019t have an answer). So, you go home and type \u201cthe meaning of avast\" into your handy dandy web browser and poof you are here: the most authoritative webpage on pirate languages and their evolution on the web (or at least we\u2019d like to think so). [PAR] In order not to keep you waiting, avast means \u201cstop what you are doing and pay attention.\" This word was almost always used by someone who was in command as a way to address the people under him. This is a great name choice for a program that is designed to run in the background to stop the spread of viruses. The origin of avast is a bit more complicated. It seems to be a corruption of the sailing term \u201chold fast.\" [PAR] slide 3 of 8 [PAR] Nautical Language [PAR] Avast was hardly the only piece of language that was claimed for pirate use. There are several nautical terms and phrases that were fairly commonplace in the 17th and 18th century that were slightly modified by these professional plunderers. I will not be discussing every part of a ship or every command that a captain could give, just the ones that are commonplace in the current volley of pirate movies. [PAR] Ahoy: This term means the same thing that \u201cavast\" does, but anyone could use it. [PAR] Becalmed: A time when there isn\u2019t enough wind to move a ship with sails alone. A pirate ship in becalmed waters meant disaster for the crew. Becalmed waters prevented pillaging and hindered escape. For these reasons, several pirate ships had both sails and oars. [PAR] Belay: To secure. This usually meant to tie off the end of a rope, but it has been used in the movies as a way to say \u201cwait\" or \u201chold on a moment.\" [PAR] Bilge: This is the lowest part of the ship where any seawater that has entered the ship collects. Current ships employ bilge pumps to remove the water whereas in the 17th and 18th century bilge water was removed by bailing. [PAR] Bowsprit: The long spire that jutted off from the front of the prow. Bowsprits often had ornate carvings at their bases and served as an anchoring point for the (front sail) lines. [PAR] Capstan: This is the large horizontal wheel on the deck of large ships that turns the crank to lift the ships anchor. The extreme weight of the anchor meant that several sailors were needed to crank the capstan. [PAR] Quarterdeck: This deck, often referred to as the poop deck, was the highest deck at the rear of the ship. Captains and navigators often stood on this deck to oversee deck workers. [PAR] slide 4 of 8 [PAR] Other Names for Pirates [PAR] There were several different classifications for pirates depending on where they hailed from, if they worked for a government, or if they ran goods or slaves. The word \u201cpirate\" was derived from Greek origins and originally meant \u201cone who plunders on the sea.\" [PAR] Buccaneer: This was the name of an early group"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] loblolly-boy - definition and meaning - wordnik.com loblolly-boy - definition and meaning [PAR] loblolly-boy [PAR] Definitions [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] n. Nautical, a ship-surgeon's attendant, who compounds the medicines and assists the surgeon in his duties. In the United States navy called bayman or nurse. [PAR] Etymologies [PAR] Sorry, no etymologies found. [PAR] Examples [PAR] If a speck of dirt be found on the deck, or a gallipot or phial out of its place, woe betide the loblolly-boy, the assistant-surgeon's assistant, and the constant attendant upon the hospital. [PAR] The Lieutenant and Commander [PAR] The day _after_, when I was enjoying my arrest in the dignified idleness of a snooze in a pea-jacket, on one of the lockers, the loblolly-boy came to me, saying that Daunton was much worse, and that he humbly and earnestly requested to see me. [PAR] Rattlin the Reefer [PAR] After his mother shook him, members of the nobility with whom he was acquainted used their influence to get him the position of 'loblolly-boy in a ship;' and from that point my watchman threw off all trammels of date and locality and branched out into a narrative that bristled all along with incredible adventures; a narrative that was so reeking with bloodshed and so crammed with hair-breadth escapes and the most engaging and unconscious personal villainies, that I sat speechless, enjoying, shuddering, wondering, worshipping. [PAR] Life on the Mississippi [PAR] 'loblolly-boy in a ship;' and from that point my watchman threw off all trammels of date and locality and branched out into a narrative that bristled all along with incredible adventures; a narrative that was so reeking with bloodshed and so crammed with hair-breadth escapes and the most engaging and unconscious personal villainies, that I sat speechless, enjoying, shuddering, wondering, worshipping."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Pugwash - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise Captain Pugwash - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise [PAR] Captain Pugwash Captain Pugwash is a 50\u2019s children\u2019s TV show. The characters were first created by John Ryan in 1950 and appeared in the first 12 issues of the 'Eagle' comic. He was turned down by 12 publishers before Captain Pugwash was published. He also created the comic strips - 'Harris Tweed: Extra Special Agent' and 'Lettice Leefe: the Greenest Girl in School'. Also he created Sir Prancelot. In 1957 Captain Pugwash appeared on BBC television for the first time and approximately 120 episodes were produced. All the voices and narration were provided by Peter Hawkins. John Ryan devised his own method of animation, using cut- out puppets and props with cardboard levers to make boats rock and to help the characters move their eyes, mouths and limbs (see the Puffin Annual article for a behind the scenes insight). Contrary to popular belief, the names of Captain Pugwash's crew were not in any way smutty! Which the Guardian newspaper (UK) found out to its cost, when they published an article about the programme characters having smutty names, such as Seaman Staines and Master Bates. A lawsuit on behalf of John Ryan ensued and the paper had to print an apology and pay damages. In 1998 a new series was commissioned called - The Adventures of Captain Pugwash. It consisted of 26 episodes at cost of \u00a31.5 million to make. This version of Captain Pugwash was state-of-the-art and produced on computers. This time the voices were provided by James Saxon. Story Captain Pugwash was a pirate of the high seas who commanded the ship, The Black Pig. He was supported in his adventures by his able crew, Pirate Barnabas, Master Mate, Pirate Willy and Tom the Cabin Boy. Captain Pugwash's search for the hidden treasure involved him in all sorts of terrible mishaps including the odd scrape with his arch-enemy, Cut-throat Jake, the Pirate Captain of the Flying Dustman. Captain Pugwash Characters Captain \u2018Horatio\u2019 Pugwash He is a pirate, but he isn't very good at it. He's not very bright, but others on his crew are worse. Each time he is confronted by his nemesis, Cut- throat Jake, he runs away, so is a bit of a scaredy cat. Also he's not very good at navigating. So overall he's a bit rubbish. He redeems himself by coming out with some rather strange comments, like 'Jumping Jellyfish' or 'Stuttering Starfish'. Master Mate He accidentally blew a hole in the prison where Cutthroat Jake was being held, so letting him escape and come after Pugwash again! Tom He is the Cabin Boy of the ship and basically looks after the crew, cooks all their meals and even steers the ship. He is the brains of the operation and is always giving the Captain advice on how to get out of a sticky situation. He even thought of dangling a crate of biscuits in front of a Sea Monster, so it would chase after it, and give the ship a tow. Tom also has his own pet mouse. Cut-throat Jake His is Captain Pugwash's number one enemy and pursues him relentlessly. He's even attempted to steal the Black Pig. Beware of a man with hairy knuckles. Pirate William (Willy) He is the lowest ranking pirate. He is scared of mice. Pirate Barnabus [PAR] Captain Pugwash Episodes Series 1 (1957 - 1966) ?. Down The Hatch ?. Cannon Ball ?. Monster Ahoy! ?. A Mouse A \u2018Midships ?. The Firework Party ?. Surprise Attack ?. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bounty, Pitcairn Island, and Fletcher Christian's ... The Bounty, Pitcairn Island, and Fletcher Christian's Descendants [PAR] The Bounty, Pitcairn Island, and Fletcher Christian's Descendants [PAR] April 28 marks the anniversary of the world's most famous mutiny [PAR] by Borgna Brunner [PAR] Phrases in the Pitcairnese Dialect [PAR] I starten. \u2013 I'm going. [PAR] Bou yo gwen? \u2013 Where are you going? [PAR] I gwen down Farder's morla. \u2013 I'm going down to Father's place tomorrow. [PAR] Bou yo bin? \u2013 Where have you been? [PAR] I gwen out yenna fer porpay. \u2013 I'm going out yonder for red guavas. [PAR] Foot yawly come yah? \u2013 Why did you come here? [PAR] Up a side, Tom'sa roll. \u2013 Up at that place, Tom fell down. [PAR] Source: Ray and Eileen Young, New Zealand residents descended from Midshipmen Edward Young of the Bounty. Courtesy of the Pitcairn Island Web site. [PAR] It is not surprising that the most famous of all mutinies , that of the British HMS Bounty , has become ideal fodder for popular history and legend. The mutiny has generated five films (who can think of Fletcher Christian without picturing Marlon Brando ?) as well as countless books (including a historical novel by Mark Twain , The Great Revolution in Pitcairn). [PAR] Set in the paradisiacal islands of the South Seas, the mutiny involved a host of colorful characters, including the tyrannical Captain Bligh , the aristocratic Fletcher Christian (a distant relation of William Wordsworth's ), numerous uninhibited Tahitian women, and a pack of sailors made up of cockney orphans and ruffian adverturers. [PAR] Anglo-Tahitian Culture Preserved [PAR] What has also helped to perpetuate the romantic fascination with the mutiny is the existence of a small community on Pitcairn Island directly descended from the mutineers and their Tahitian wives. [PAR] Living on a 1.75 square mile volcanic speck in the South Pacific that is surely one of the most isolated places on Earth, the contemporary Pitcairn Islanders still bear the surnames of the eighteenth century mutineers (Tom Christian, for example, is the great-great-great-grandson of Fletcher). The islanders speak a dialect that is a hybrid of Tahitian and eighteenth-century English. It is as if history had been preserved in a petri dish (another admittedly romantic notion about an already widely romanticized past). [PAR] Paradise [PAR] The Bounty left England on Dec. 23, 1787, and reached Tahiti in 1788. It was sent to collect a cargo of breadfruit saplings, which was then to be transported to Jamaica where the breadfruit would serve as food for slaves working on the plantations. After sailing 27,000 miles over ten months, the crew spent a sybaritic idyll on Tahiti, where they reveled in the subtropical climate, lush surroundings, and overwhelming warmth and hospitality of the Tahitians. [PAR] A scientist of the time, gladly abandoning reason for passion, claimed that the Tahitians knew \"no other god but love; every day is consecrated to it, the whole island is its temple, all the women are its idols, all the men its worshippers.\" Many of the men found Tahitian companions, and Fletcher Christian and a Tahitian named Maimiti fell deeply in love and later married. For Christian, Maimiti had the face that launched one mutinous ship. [PAR] Breadfruit Bligh [PAR] On April 4, 1789, the Bounty embarked on the second leg of its journey with a cargo of a thousand breadfruit saplings aboard. A little more than three weeks later, near the island of Tonga , the crew, led by first mate Fletcher Christian, staged a mutiny against Captain William Bligh, under whom they claimed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why I'd like to be ... Julian Sands in A Room With a View ... Why I'd like to be ... Julian Sands in A Room With a View | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Role model [PAR] Why I'd like to be ... Julian Sands in A Room With a View [PAR] Continuing our series in which writers reveal the movie characters they want to emulate, Laura Barton revives her tomboy teen admiration for George Emerson in the 1985 adaptation of EM Forster's novel of Edwardian repression [PAR] Julian Sands and Helena Boham Carter in A Room With a View: 'Breathtaking kisses in barley fields.' Photograph: Moviestore Collection [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] I was perhaps 12 the first time I saw A Room With a View, Merchant Ivory's sumptuous adaptation of EM Forster's novel, which explored themes of passion and repression in the Edwardian era, set against the backdrops of Italy and England. [PAR] There were Baedekers and mackintosh squares, cornflowers, carriages, breathtaking kisses in barley fields . Dame Kiri Te Kanawa sang Puccini's O Mio Babbino Caro; Denholm Elliott read Samuel Butler's The Way of All Flesh; a swarthy Italian was stabbed to death in the Piazza della Signoria, his bloodied face washed clean in the Fountain of Neptune. [PAR] For a tomboy on the cusp of adolescence, it was a perplexing film. I knew that I was expected to identify with Helena Bonham Carter as Miss Lucy Honeychurch, the exquisitely beautiful heroine with the pouty mouth who wears such embroidered finery and plays Beethoven till it makes her peevish. [PAR] But I recall on that first viewing (and indeed subsequent viewings too) a greater aspiration towards Julian Sands as George Emerson, a young man who works on the railways and reads Nietzsche on the side, who is earnest in his pursuit of truth and beauty, but also given to bursts of uncontained amusement. [PAR] Reading on a mobile? Click to view [PAR] There was lust in there, certainly \u2014 how not to blush before a man so startlingly handsome and so given to passionate kissing amid Italian fields? But there was another kind of desire in me, too. [PAR] Part of it lay in his approach to life, in his embracing of the \"eternal 'Yes'\" \u2014 in his fondness for painting Thoreau quotations on wardrobe doors and question marks on picture frames, as well as for climbing up into the trees and shouting at the sky: \"BEAUTY! JOY!\" until he falls from the branches. [PAR] But it lay in his easy physicality too. He was forever climbing trees, or walking back to the Pensione Bertolini in the rain. He rode a bicycle with such confident pleasure, he leapt over tennis nets, and in one particularly memorable scene he joined Lucy's brother Freddy and the family vicar Mr Beebe as they cavorted joyously, nakedly in a lake on a hot day. [PAR] To borrow the words of Walt Whitman, speaking of another Emerson entirely: \"I was simmering, simmering, simmering; Emerson brought me to a boil.\" With some delight I realised that I wanted to be George Emerson. How wonderful it would be to ride a bicycle so assuredly! How splendid to bathe in a Surrey lake so gladly and without care! How thrilling it would be to live openly, without reservation or hesitation! [PAR] Much of Forster's novel was concerned with the matter of \"inside\" and \"outside\" \u2014 Lucy has led a buttoned-up existence, her horizons, her education, her person restricted by the fact that she is female and upper-class; George has been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flatford Mill - InfoBritain Flatford Mill [PAR] InfoBritain - Travel Through History In The UK : [PAR] Flatford Mill [PAR] [PAR] Flatford Mill, Suffolk [PAR] \"But I should paint my own places best... I associate my careless boyhood to all that lies on the banks of the Stour. They made me a painter. That is I often thought of pictures of them before I ever touched a pencil.\" (From a display at Bridge Cottage, Flatford Mill) [PAR] The nineteenth century artist John Constable found most of his inspiration close to his childhood home in the Stour Valley in Suffolk. Living in East Bergholt, his father Golding Constable, a wealthy miller, often had business at nearby Flatford Mill. This lovely little area was to provide the scene for many of Constable's most famous paintings, and has been preserved as a memorial. Maintaining this area as it was in Constable's time is difficult. East Anglia has sunk about 20cm relative to the sea over the last two hundred years, and water levels are rising all the time. Nevertheless scenes depicted in famous paintings are still easily recognisable. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Willy Lott's house. [PAR] Most famously there is the ford outside farmer Willy Lott's house. This is where the empty hay wagon makes its crossing in Constable's painting of 1821 The Haywain. Standing beside Willy Lott's house looking over the water brought home to me how important the idea of crossing over is in the painting. Constable was working during a crucial period of change in human history, as society crossed over from a rural to an urban industrial society. [PAR] Constable's famous painting of the hay wagon, suggests that crossing over is a part of daily life. The empty hay wagon will soon be crossing back full of hay and life will go on as normal. And yet there is also a sense of the irrevocable nature of change. It is low tide in the painting, and wheel marks left by the wagon wheels will soon be washed away by the rising tide. The life represented by the wagon will similarly pass. A visit to Flatford Mill made me think of how the world changes and stays the same, which perhaps is the feeling that comes over most powerfully in The Haywain. [PAR] [PAR] The Haywain. This image is copyright free [PAR] [PAR] Constable was a romantic painter, and there is no doubt he idealised nature and rural life. Nevertheless in the best of his paintings we see a realism to set alongside romance. There is no simple divide between the rural life Constable celebrated and the industrial society that was emerging. Crossing the bridge beside Bridge Cottage and turning left you will come to the lock depicted in Flatford Mill: scene on a navigable river. This 1817 painting shows a barge approaching the bank, a man on deck leaning hard on a pole as he guides the vessel in. Meanwhile in the foreground two young boys get ready to help pull the barge in. One boy is on the river bank, reaching down to the tow rope, while his companion sits on a horse, looking back. At first glace you would think they were playing. The shoeless boy on horse back rides without a saddle, and seemingly has jumped carelessly on the horse's back in a game. But looking more closely you realise these boys are at work. The man heaving on the pole isn't playing. He is relying on the boys to do their bit with the tow rope. The little boy on the horse looking back"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George R.R. Martin | Website of author George R.R. Martin George R.R. Martin | Website of author George R.R. Martin [PAR] Tor offers big ebook deal on Wild Cards [PAR] January 13, 2017 [PAR] Haven\u2019t tried Wild Cards yet? Here\u2019s your chance. Tor is now offering an ebook bundle special on first five volumes of Wild Cards Available for only $39.99 from https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01N4FQ1X1 or http://us.macmillan.com/books/9780765397188 Here\u2019s your chance to find out who Gregg \u2026 Read More [PAR] GAME OF THRONES Emmy victories [PAR] November 3, 2016 [PAR] The HBO series was up for 24 awards and came away with 12 on Emmy night\u2019 this year, breaking a record set by the sitcom Frasier with a total haul of 38 Emmys. The Battle of the Bastards episode was \u2026 Read More [PAR] High Stakes Published [PAR] August 29, 2016 [PAR] Perfect for old fans and new readers alike, High Stakes (Wild Cards) delves deeper into the world of aces, jokers, and the hard-boiled men and women of the Fort Freak police precinct in a pulpy, page-turning novel of superheroics and \u2026 Read More [PAR] 2016 Alfie Awards at World Con [PAR] August 23, 2016 [PAR] The highlight of this years Hugo Losers Party during the iconic World Science Fiction and Fantasy Convention was George RR Martin\u2019s the presentation of this year\u2019s Alfie Awards. Some wonder, what the hell are the Alfie Awards? Well, to understand \u2026 Read More [PAR] WILDCARDS Television Deal [PAR] August 10, 2016 [PAR] The Wild Cards Are Coming\u2026to Television! We are proud to announce that Universal Cable Productions has acquired the rights to adapt the beloved mosaic novels Wild Cards and will begin development of the series into a what we all hope will \u2026 Read More [PAR] Game of Thrones Anniversary Edition [PAR] August 6, 2016 [PAR] Random House announced that it will release the GEORGE R. R. MARTIN BOX in conjunction with bestselling author George R. R. Martin and HBO Global Licensing\u00ae. Each GEORGE R. R. MARTIN BOX will include a Special Collectible Edition of the \u2026 Read More [PAR] Browse News:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Clockwork Orange Movie Review (1972) | Roger Ebert A Clockwork Orange Movie Review (1972) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Stanley Kubrick 's \"A Clockwork Orange\" is an ideological mess, a paranoid right-wing fantasy masquerading As an Orwellian warning. It pretends to oppose the police state and forced mind control, but all it really does is celebrate the nastiness of its hero, Alex. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] I don't know quite how to explain my disgust at Alex (whom Kubrick likes very much, as his visual style reveals and as we shall see in a moment). Alex is the sort of fearsomely strange person we've all run across a few times in our lives -- usually when he and we were children, and he was less inclined to conceal his hobbies. He must have been the kind of kid who tore off the wings of flies and ate ants just because that was so disgusting. He was the kid who always seemed to know more about sex than anyone else, too -- and especially about how dirty it was. [PAR] Alex has grown up in \"A Clockwork Orange,\" and now he's a sadistic rapist. I realize that calling him a sadistic rapist -- just like that -- is to stereotype poor Alex a little. But Kubrick doesn't give us much more to go on, except that Alex likes Beethoven a lot. Why he likes Beethoven is never explained, but my notion is that Alex likes Beethoven in the same way that Kubrick likes to load his sound track with familiar classical music -- to add a cute, cheap, dead-end dimension. [PAR] Now Alex isn't the kind of sat-upon, working-class anti-hero we got in the angry British movies of the early 1960s. No effort is made to explain his inner workings or take apart his society. Indeed, there's not much to take apart; both Alex and his society are smart-nose pop-art abstractions. Kubrick hasn't created a future world in his imagination -- he's created a trendy decor. If we fall for the Kubrick line and say Alex is violent because \"society offers him no alternative,\" weep, sob, we're just making excuses. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Alex is violent because it is necessary for him to be violent in order for this movie to entertain in the way Kubrick intends. Alex has been made into a sadistic rapist not by society, not by his parents, not by the police state, not by centralization and not by creeping fascism -- but by the producer, director and writer of this film, Stanley Kubrick. Directors sometimes get sanctimonious and talk about their creations in the third person, as if society had really created Alex. But this makes their direction into a sort of cinematic automatic writing. No, I think Kubrick is being too modest: Alex is all his. [PAR] I say that in full awareness that \"A Clockwork Orange\" is based, somewhat faithfully, on a novel by Anthony Burgess . Yet I don't pin the rap on Burgess. Kubrick has used visuals to alter the book's point of view and to nudge us toward a kind of grudging pal-ship with Alex. [PAR] Kubrick's most obvious photographic device this time is the wide-angle lens. Used on objects that are fairly close to the camera, this lens tends to distort the sides of the image. The objects in the center of the screen look normal, but those on the edges tend to slant upward and outward, becoming bizarrely elongated. Kubrick uses the wide-angle lens almost all the time when he is showing events from Alex's point"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jackson Pollock Paintings - Abstract Art Framed Jackson Pollock Paintings [PAR] Store [PAR] Jackson Pollock Paintings [PAR] Jackson Pollock paintings are some of the most recognisable and thrilling images produced in the 20th century. Pollock was dubbed \u2018Jack the Dripper\u2019 by Time magazine due to the unusual way he liked to drip and splatter paint onto his canvas. Some of the inspiration for his paintings came from the Native American sand art he saw as a child and his own method of working resembled a form of ritualised dance around the canvas which was laid out flat on the floor. [PAR] One, No. 31 [PAR] View at Art.com [PAR] Early Years [PAR] Jackson Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming in January 1912, the youngest of five brothers, and grew up in Arizona and California. He went to school at the Manual Arts High School in California and at the age of 18, moved to New York City to study under the American Regionalist painter, Thomas Hart Benton, at the Art Students\u2019 League. The main subject matter for his work during this period was the life in rural America he had known as a boy. During the 1930s, Pollock was relatively unknown and struggled to survive during the years of the Depression. He succeeded in getting a place on the Federal Art Project which gave him a small income and enabled him to continue painting. [PAR] Key Influences [PAR] Image From Art.com [PAR] In 1936 Pollock took part in the Experimental Workshop run by the Mexican muralist, David Alfaro Siquieros who encouraged the splattering, hurling and dripping of paint and who introduced Pollock to the idea of \u2018controlled accident\u2019. The dripping and pouring method of painting adopted by Pollock in the 1940s also had roots in Surrealist automatism of that time, a technique which enabled the unconscious mind to express itself freely. Pollock also said of his work that it was \u2018akin to the method of the Indian sand painters of the West\u2019 , a reference to the American Indian custom of making sand paintings on the floor as part of a religious ritual. Pollock borrowed ideas from all three sources to develop his own radical style of painting. [PAR] Moving Forward [PAR] In 1942, Pollock had a breakthrough when he exhibited a painting at the McMillen Gallery in New York alongside artists such as Picasso, Bonnard and Braque and the young American artist, Lee Krasner . Krasner introduced Pollock to a wider art scene which then led to an introduction to Peggy Guggenheim who had just opened the Art of This Century Gallery. She liked his work and offered him a contract. [PAR] Untitled, Jackson Pollock [PAR] Image From Art.com [PAR] In 1945, Pollock married Lee Krasner and they moved to a farmhouse on Long Island where he continued to develop his radical style of painting. In 1947 he discarded the paint brush and began the process of dripping and pouring the paint from the can or from a stick directly onto a canvas spread on the floor. These Jackson Pollock paintings, he said, had \u2018no beginning and no end\u2019. Films made in the early 1950s show Pollock engaged in a ritualised dance around the canvas. [PAR] Celebrity Artist [PAR] Jackson Pollock paintings executed by the \"drip\" method established his reputation. By the late 1940s, Pollock was a major celebrity and was featured in Time and Life magazines. Time magazine dubbed him \u2018Jack the Dripper\u2019 and Life magazine, albeit somewhat cynically, ran the headline \u2018Is this the greatest living painter in the United States?\u2019 This exposure turned Pollock"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Crucible by Arthur Miller - University of Missouri The Crucible by Arthur Miller [PAR] THE CRUCIBLE by Arthur Miller (1952) [PAR] Top picture: E.G Marshall, Arthur Kennedy, and Beatrice Straight in the 1953 Broadway production. [PAR] Bottom picture: Arthur Miller. [PAR] In 1953, Arthur Miller's play \"The Crucible\" ran on Broadway at the Martin Beck. Despite being a box office success and acclaimed by critics and audiences alike, it was considered second-best to his prior \"Death of a Salesman.\" As Brook Atkinson for the New York Times reported the day after the opening, \"[T]he theme does not develop with the simple eloquence of 'Death of a Salesman.'\" [PAR] Although the events of the play are based on the events that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, Miller was liberal in his fictionalization of those events. For example, many of the accusations of witchcraft in the play are driven by the affair between farmer, husband, and father John Proctor (Arthur Kennedy), and the Minister's teenage niece Abigail Williams (Madeleine Sherwood); however, in real life Williams was probably about eleven at the time of the accusations and Proctor was over sixty, which makes it most unlikely that there was ever any such relationship. Miller himself said, \"The play is not reportage of any kind .... [n]obody can start to write a tragedy and hope to make it reportage .... what I was doing was writing a fictional story about an important theme.\" [PAR] The \"important theme\" that Miller was writing about was clear to many observers in 1953 at the play's opening. It was written in response to Senator McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee's crusade against supposed communist sympathizers. Despite the obvious political criticisms contained within the play, most critics felt that \"The Crucible\" was \"a self contained play about a terrible period in American history.\" [PAR] The Crucible (The Movie) [PAR] Over twenty years after the opening of the play, the eighty-one-year-old Miller wrote the screenplay for the production of a movie version of \"The Crucible.\" As was the play, the movie is a fictionalized version of the events of Salem in 1692. Additionally, the movie was been changed from the play in some minor respects. For example, the movie opens with a scene of the town girls sneaking into the woods and participating is a ritualistic dance with the slave woman Tituba--until they are all caught by the minister. In the play this scene was referred to, but not performed. Another change is that the Slave woman Tituba is portrayed as black, when she was actually an Indian. [PAR] Although hailed by some, the movie was not as well received as was the play. One critic stated, \"This filmic redux of Miller's theatrical parable is somewhat out of place on the modern landscape. What was no doubt a powerful and emotive effort in the 1950s, when it was written as a scathing critique of Senator McCarthy's crusade against supposed communist sympathizers, falls flat in the '90s.\" Even the star-studded cast was not enough to save the film for some. \"Winona Ryder and Daniel Day-Lewis star in this two-hour yelling match between good and evil. Not recommended for those with a low tolerance for '50s-style misogyny and moralistic posturing.\" Not all were so harsh. Another reviewer stated, \"With a head on its shoulders and the rawest emotions in its craw, Miller's stage hit \"The Crucible\" has become a cinematic grabber for grown-ups (**** out of four).\" [PAR] For a complete list of the cast and clips from the 1996 film, see[DOC] [TLE] Example Essays: Salem"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Midnight's Children' Wins Special Booker Prize 'Midnight's Children' Wins Special Booker Prize [PAR] 'Midnight's Children' Wins Special Booker Prize [PAR] By JOHN DARNTON [PAR] ONDON, Sept. 20 -- Salman Rushdie's \"Midnight's Children\" was judged the best British novel of the past quarter-century tonight, and the novelist came out of forced seclusion to accept the honor at a crowded ceremony in the second floor of a London bookstore. [PAR] The 46-year-old author has been in hiding since February 1989, when he was publicly sentenced to death by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini for publication of \"The Satanic Verses,\" a novel Iranian authorities said blasphemed Islam. In the past year, Mr. Rushdie has made an effort to appear more frequently in public. [PAR] In accepting the honor, which was given to the best among 25 years of winners of the Booker Prize, Britain's most prestigious literary award, Mr. Rushdie made no mention of his underground existence and only a passing reference to the controversy \"The Satanic Verses\" caused. Handling a copy of \"Midnight's Children\" temporarily covered in a plain silver jacket -- until it can be specially bound in leather -- he remarked, \"Actually, quite a lot of my books tend to get read in a plain wrapper, so there's nothing new about that.\" 'The Greatest Compliment' [PAR] He said he was \"amazed to be standing here,\" and added \"this is the greatest compliment I have ever been paid as a writer.\" [PAR] The runner-up for the Booker of Bookers, the judges said, was \"Rites of Passage\" by the late William Golding. \"Rites of Passage\" won in 1980, as Mr. Golding edged out Anthony Burgess, who conspicuously missed the awards dinner. The competition helped establish the value of the prize. [PAR] In 1981, the winner was \"Midnight's Children,\" the story of a boy, Saleem Sinai, born at the time of India's independence. That year the awards ceremony was first televised and the prize gained a cachet that was seen in added celebrity and books sales. Mr. Rushdie's first novel \"was universally trashed, sold less than 900 copies and was remaindered,\" he said. But \"Midnight's Children\" quickly sold 43,000 copies. [PAR] \"The Booker Prize changed my life in many ways,\" Mr. Rushdie said. \"Before then my career as a writer was completely obscure. Overnight it wasn't. I gained confidence.\" Later he put it differently: \"I walked into literary London as a stranger and I ran off with a check, which feels O.K.\" [PAR] Another former winner found other advantages. \"For me the Booker meant that I got foreign rights and paperback rights and American rights,\" said Bernice Rubens, who won in 1970 for \"The Elected Member.\" \"No one can live off the English rights. Also, the publishers put on every other book you ever write 'winner of the Booker Prize' and the public is duped into thinking you won it for that book.\" Hailing the Prize Itself [PAR] In a sense tonight's ceremony was also to honor the Booker Prize itself, which was first awarded in 1969 to the best novel by a British, Commonwealth, South African or Irish writer. Martyn Goff, the Booker administrator, said the prize had achieved a distinction after 15 years that it had taken France's Prix Goncourt 53 years to attain. In 1969 the award amounted to $:5,000. Now it is $:20,000, or $30,000. [PAR] Tonight's ceremony included a Champagne reception attended by several hundred literati at Waterstone's bookstore in Kensington, West London. It was held under tight security. Bodyguards followed Mr. Rushdie at a discreet distance and police officers with walkie-talkies patroled the streets outside. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many pints can you get out of one barrel? [Archive ... How many pints can you get out of one barrel? [Archive] - CPFC BBS [PAR] Sorry for the randomness, but does anyone know? [PAR] stinky [PAR] 19-02-2005, 05:45 PM [PAR] think of a number. Times it by 10. Take away the number you were thinking of [PAR] Mong! [PAR] don't you normally just drink out of the tap? ;) [PAR] Ardent Eagle Forever [PAR] 19-02-2005, 05:57 PM [PAR] Being a boring git, the answer to your question depends on the size of the barrel. [PAR] There are different names for different sizes of barrel, such as Firkin, Keg, Tun etc. Each type has different capacities either as gallons or pints. [PAR] Suggest that you look at the CAMRA web site, there might be links to help you find your answer. [PAR] c_block_lad [PAR] 80 pints from Guinness kegs afaik [PAR] griggs [PAR] 19-02-2005, 06:06 PM [PAR] There are all different size beer barrels. The smallest generally used in pubs is a Firkin which has a capacity of 41 litres or 9 gallons on average holds 72 pints although good bar staff may be able to get another couple of \"pints\" out of it by putting a reasonable head on pints, where as a Hogshead has 246 litres or 54 gallons. Most pubs generally dispense from a barell which contains about 288 pints though (164 litres or 36 gallons). You can buy a Pin though for home comsumption made out of plastic which contains approxamatley 20 litres enough for around 9 or 10 pints [PAR] If you have read Samuel Pepys diaries, he quite often seemed to take home a Firkin to share with a friend after what he already describes as a heavy nights drinking. But somehow I doubt they were drinking something with the potentcy of Stella, what they were drinking was probably 3% at the maximum. [PAR] The size of barrels though is historically set by taxes more than anything else. [PAR] A Wooden Fish On Wheels [PAR] 19-02-2005, 06:11 PM [PAR] Fullers off-licenses used to sell 32 pint polypins. Handy for parties :) [PAR] Dave [PAR] Originally posted by A Wooden Fish On Wheels [PAR] Fullers off-licenses used to sell 32 pint polypins. Handy for parties :) yeah parties ;) [PAR] Slimbloke'H' [PAR] How many Kebabs (medium) can you get out of one of those spit thingys.. anyone know [PAR] suits_you [PAR] 21-02-2005, 03:45 PM [PAR] Originally posted by simplex [PAR] How many Kebabs (medium) can you get out of one of those spit thingys.. anyone know [PAR] that depends on a multitude of things, are all the kebabs going to be the same size? is there an international law regarding the max and min amount of kebab meat in a warm soft white pitta? [PAR] tonkers [PAR] 21-02-2005, 03:46 PM [PAR] ah i went for a kebab last week and we asked and they told us. [PAR] The problem is 89% of the time you are pissed when you go for a kebab so i don't know how many. I hope thats helpfull [PAR] simplex [PAR] 21-02-2005, 03:49 PM [PAR] Originally posted by suits_you [PAR] is there an international law regarding the max and min amount of kebab meat in a warm soft white pitta? [PAR] Should read [PAR] is there a law regarding the max and min amount of MEAT in a spit thingy [PAR] suits_you [PAR] Originally posted by tonkers [PAR] ah i went for a kebab last week and we asked and they told us. [PAR] The problem is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Singha | Boon Rawd Brewery Co., Ltd | BeerAdvocate Singha | Boon Rawd Brewery Co., Ltd | BeerAdvocate [PAR] Boon Rawd Brewery Co., Ltd [PAR] Alcohol by volume (ABV): 5.00% [PAR] Availability: Year-round [PAR] Added by UncleJimbo on 07-20-2001 [PAR] BEER STATS [PAR] look: 3 | smell: 3.5 | taste: 3.25 | feel: 3.25 | overall: 3.25 [PAR] This is a decent beer, but I really had to concentrate to find its flavor. [PAR] Even a lager should have a distinct flavor that you shouldn't have to strain to find. [PAR] 160 characters [PAR] look: 4 | smell: 3.5 | taste: 3 | feel: 2 | overall: 2.25 [PAR] Review: 330 ml Bottle of Singha Premium Import: ABV: 5% [PAR] The bottle top has Singha\u2019s dragon logo which looks pretty cool and there is a yellow lion on the front of the bottle. We are also told that this is \"The original Thai beer since 1933.\" [PAR] On pour we get a light gold looking beer, very clear, that produces a massive frothy white head which eventually flattens afterwards to die out. It is very fizzy and lively, a lot of carbonation. [PAR] No lacing but a perfectly clear looking beer........... [PAR] Has a very nice beery smell, faint but pleasant. Of grains, light malts and lager hops. Ok....... [PAR] The taste is a bit sweet at the start.......caramel and malt sweetness [PAR] Bitter after taste, which is a little strong, a little too hoppy [PAR] It is sessionable alright, but there really isn't a whole lot of good tastes in the beer [PAR] Could work as a session beer, but might get sickly after a while, can taste a bit like washing up liquid if you ask me......not a great beer overall. [PAR] 976 characters [PAR] 2.96/5 rDev -2% [PAR] look: 3 | smell: 2.5 | taste: 3.25 | feel: 2.75 | overall: 3 [PAR] It is ok but there is not much of anything here. More rice taste bt that is not always bad. It does have the charastics of a traditional pale ale. [PAR] 150 characters [PAR] 3.03/5 rDev +0.3% [PAR] look: 3.5 | smell: 3 | taste: 3 | feel: 3 | overall: 3 [PAR] Pours pale yellow. Lots of carbonation apparent. Not much aroma. Taste is generic pilsner, white bread with a grassy finish. No real off/skunky flavors. Light and drinkable, plenty of carbonation. [PAR] Overall: went well with Thai food and surpassed my low expectations. [PAR] 270 characters [PAR] 3.2/5 rDev +6% [PAR] look: 3 | smell: 3 | taste: 3 | feel: 3 | overall: 4 [PAR] I was in Thailand for 2 weeks. I tried about 4 different types of beer while there. I would say Singha was the best. I would rate this beer high for being in Thailand. Especially in the Thai heat it was light and refreshing. If I had it in the United States I wouldn't rank it as high I would probably give it a rating similar to a Coors light. [PAR] 349 characters [PAR] 2.9/5 rDev -4% [PAR] look: 3.75 | smell: 3 | taste: 3 | feel: 2 | overall: 2.75 [PAR] From Festival de las Naciones. In Teku glass. Watching Los Soprano 4x02. At first it seems pleasant, a bit above standard lagers, with a nice yet a bit alcoholic sweetness. But it goes up to the head pretty quickly, much more one than would expect from its only 5% ABV. [PAR] 269 characters [PAR] look: 3.75 | smell: 3.25 | taste: 3.25 | feel: 3.75 | overall: 3.25 [PAR] Poured from"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prohibition - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Prohibition - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Origins of Prohibition [PAR] In the 1820s and \u201930s, a wave of religious revivalism swept the United States, leading to increased calls for temperance, as well as other \u201cperfectionist\u201d movements such as the abolition of slavery. In 1838, the state of Massachusetts passed a temperance law banning the sale of spirits in less than 15-gallon quantities; though the law was repealed two years later, it set a precedent for such legislation. Maine passed the first state prohibition law in 1846, and a number of other states had followed suit by the time the Civil War began in 1861. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated the incumbent President Herbert Hoover, who once called Prohibition \"the great social and economic experiment, noble in motive and far reaching in purpose.\" Some say FDR celebrated the repeal of Prohibition by enjoying a dirty martini, his preferred drink. [PAR] By the turn of the century, temperance societies were a common fixture in communities across the United States. Women played a strong role in the temperance movement, as alcohol was seen as a destructive force in families and marriages. In 1906, a new wave of attacks began on the sale of liquor, led by the Anti-Saloon League (established in 1893) and driven by a reaction to urban growth, as well as the rise of evangelical Protestantism and its view of saloon culture as corrupt and ungodly. In addition, many factory owners supported prohibition in their desire to prevent accidents and increase the efficiency of their workers in an era of increased industrial production and extended working hours. [PAR] Passage of the Prohibition Amendment [PAR] In 1917, after the United States entered World War I , President Woodrow Wilson instituted a temporary wartime prohibition in order to save grain for producing food. That same year, Congress submitted the 18th Amendment, which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors, for state ratification. Though Congress had stipulated a seven-year time limit for the process, the amendment received the support of the necessary three-quarters of U.S. states in just 11 months. [PAR] Ratified on January 29, 1919, the 18th Amendment went into effect a year later, by which time no fewer than 33 states had already enacted their own prohibition legislation. In October 1919, Congress passed the National Prohibition Act, which provided guidelines for the federal enforcement of Prohibition. Championed by Representative Andrew Volstead of Mississippi , the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, the legislation was more commonly known as the Volstead Act. [PAR] Enforcement of Prohibition [PAR] Both federal and local government struggled to enforce Prohibition over the course of the 1920s. Enforcement was initially assigned to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and was later transferred to the Justice Department. In general, Prohibition was enforced much more strongly in areas where the population was sympathetic to the legislation\u2013mainly rural areas and small towns\u2013and much more loosely in urban areas. Despite very early signs of success, including a decline in arrests for drunkenness and a reported 30 percent drop in alcohol consumption, those who wanted to keep drinking found ever-more inventive ways to do it. The illegal manufacturing and sale of liquor (known as \u201cbootlegging\u201d) went on throughout the decade, along with the operation of \u201cspeakeasies\u201d (stores or nightclubs selling alcohol), the smuggling of alcohol across state lines and the informal production of liquor (\u201cmoonshine\u201d or \u201cbathtub gin\u201d) in private homes. [PAR] In addition, the Prohibition era encouraged the rise of criminal activity"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Highest Beer Consumption Per Capita - Ranker Highest Beer Consumption Per Capita | Beer Consumption By Country [PAR] Highest Beer Consumption Per Capita [PAR] By Brettski 70k views 48 items tags f t p @ [PAR] This list ranks countries by their annual beer consumption per capita. The Irish and Germans may think they're the heaviest drinkers, but they're not. That honor goes to the Czechs. Beer is the most popular, widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the world, and third most popular beverage overall behind water and tea - meaning there are lots of biggest beer drinking countries. Beer may also be the oldest alcoholic beverage, with references to it found within some of humanities earliest known writings. Countries with high consumption of beer per capita likely have a culture that has been making brew for a long time. [PAR] What countries drink the most beer? What's the average beer consumption of the country you're from? Today, regional beers are distributed and enjoyed world wide... And judging from this list, some countries enjoy their beer more than others, landing them a spot on this list of beer drinking countries. [PAR] Collection Photo: user uploaded image [PAR] 1 ReRank [PAR] 2 See list ranked by [PAR] Z [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed [PAR] 1 [PAR] Czech Republic Europe Total consumption per person: 158.6 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Ireland Europe Total consumption per person: 131.1 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Germany Europe Total consumption per person: 110 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Austria Europe Total consumption per person: 108.3 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Australia Oceania Total consumption per person: 104.7 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] United Kingdom Florida, USA Total consumption per person: 99 litres [PAR] 7 [PAR] Poland Maine, USA Total consumption per person: 95 litres [PAR] 8 [PAR] Denmark Europe Total consumption per person: 89.9 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Finland Europe Total consumption per person: 85 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Luxembourg Wallonia, Belgium Total consumption per person: 84.4 litres [PAR] 11 [PAR] Slovakia Europe Total consumption per person: 84.1 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Spain Europe Total consumption per person: 83.8 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] United States of America Americas Total consumption per person: 81.6 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Croatia Europe Total consumption per person: 81.2 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Belgium Europe Total consumption per person: 81 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Estonia Europe Total consumption per person: 80 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands Total consumption per person: 77 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Lithuania Europe Total consumption per person: 76 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] New Zealand Oceania Total consumption per person: 75.5 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Hungary Europe Total consumption per person: 75.3 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Canada Americas Total consumption per person: 68.3 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Latvia Europe Total consumption per person: 68 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] South Africa Africa Total consumption per person: 60 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Portugal Europe Total consumption per person: 59.6 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Bulgaria Europe Total consumption per person: 59.5 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Russia Eurasia Total consumption per person: 58.9 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Venezuela Americas Total consumption per person: 58.6 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Romania Europe Total consumption per person: 58.2 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Cyprus Europe Total consumption per person: 58.1 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Switzerland Europe Total consumption per person: 57.3 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Gabon Africa Total consumption per person: 55.8 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Norway Europe Total consumption per person: 55.5 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Mexico Americas Total consumption per person: 51.8 litres [PAR] ; [PAR] Sweden Europe Total consumption per person:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] b&w: Ice Cold in Alex (1958) Movie - Black and White Movies Ice Cold in Alex \u2013 Black and White Movies [PAR] 1958 Movie [PAR] If you haven\u2019t seen it: [PAR] Ice Cold in Alex (or Desert Attack, as it was released in the USA, as a heavily edited and far inferior version) is an exciting and inspirational war movie. [PAR] It tells the story of the crew of a military ambulance in North Africa, desperately trying to make it to the safety of Alexandria. There are scenes of drama, comedy, and unbearable tension, all set against the authentic backdrop of the North African desert during world war two. [PAR] It stars the great English actor John Mills, and the lovely Sylvia Syms. [PAR] One piece of advice for you, when you watch Ice Cold in Alex, make sure you have a cold beer handy \u2013 at the end of the film you will need it. [PAR] If you have seen it: [PAR] Scroll down past the trailer for more. [PAR] Click below to watch the trailer for Ice Cold in Alex: [PAR] (If you cannot see the trailer below, your browser may need adjusting) [PAR] SPOILER ALERT: The plot summary and comments below contain details that might spoil your enjoyment of the movie if you have not already seen it. [PAR] [PAR] Plot: [PAR] \u201cIf you two don\u2019t stop asking Are we Nearly there yet I will turn this ambulance around!\u201d [PAR] In the opening scenes, the North African town of Tobruk is evacuated because of news the Germans are advancing. Captain Anson, a burnt out alcoholic, drives an army ambulance. Anson, along with Sergeant Pugh, and two nurses, joins the convoy to Alexandria, but they separated from them following an enemy attack. The ambulance crew must make their own way to safety, negotiating minefields, quicksand, mechanical failures, German soldiers, and the relentless heat. [PAR] On their journey, they pick up a South African soldier, Captain van der Poel. He pays for his passage by offering to share his gin with Anson. At first, Anson is happy to accept the offer, but when one of the nurses is killed by German fire, he realizes everyone is depending on him. He vows that the next drink he will have will be an ice cold beer in Alexandria. [PAR] He had a dilemma. Should he tell them that he had had the hand-brake on for the past twenty minutes, or just quietly take it off and say nothing? [PAR] Van der Poel meanwhile, has been acting suspiciously. He has something in his backpack that he does not want anyone to see, but he convinces German soldiers to let them pass by showing it to them. Eventually, Sergeant Pugh discovers that it is a radio transmitter, and tells the others that van der Poel is a German spy. They do not confront him yet though, realizing that they might still need his help in crossing the desert \u2013 they even save his life when he falls into quicksand. This proves to be the right thing to do, as van der Poel\u2019s strength is crucial when they face their final challenge \u2013 rolling the ambulance up huge sand-dune using the starter handle (twice!). [PAR] Probably the best beer ad in the world. [PAR] The crew make it to Alexandria, where they do indeed have the beer they have been dreaming of for so long. Then, they turn the spy over to the military police. However, because of the bond between them, and respect they feel for him, they do not reveal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lindemans Kriek | Brouwerij Lindemans | BeerAdvocate Lindemans Kriek | Brouwerij Lindemans | BeerAdvocate [PAR] Brouwerij Lindemans [PAR] Alcohol by volume (ABV): 4.00% [PAR] Availability: Year-round [PAR] Also known as Kriek Foudroyante [PAR] Added by Quaffer on 07-28-2001 [PAR] BEER STATS [PAR] 4.4/5 rDev +13.4% [PAR] look: 4 | smell: 4 | taste: 4.75 | feel: 4 | overall: 4.5 [PAR] First Lambic beer I have tried. Very, very sweet tasting with strong cherry taste, in fact, the cherry taste almost dominates the whole beer. Good carbonation and has a sticky (sugary?) feel with a clean finish and no hops taste whatsoever. Almost felt like drinking a carbonated cherry drink-- but it was refreshing indeed. Judging from the feel I'm just not sure if what I drank was a beer or not. [PAR] 404 characters [PAR] 3.33/5 rDev -14.2% [PAR] look: 3.75 | smell: 3.25 | taste: 3.25 | feel: 3.75 | overall: 3.25 [PAR] Sweeter than I hoped but a touch sour at least. The cherryness really screams at you. If only it weren't so sweet. Hmm, certainly not one of the best krieks out there. [PAR] 167 characters [PAR] 3.84/5 rDev -1% [PAR] look: 4 | smell: 3.75 | taste: 3.75 | feel: 4 | overall: 4 [PAR] Pours a deep dark pink color. Clear and effervescent at first. Frothy pink head dissipates leaving lots of lacing and a residual head. [PAR] Smell is rather subdued with some sweet cherry notes. No tart comes through. [PAR] Taste is very tart, ripe, sweet cherry up front. While not overly tart, this is the most tart of the Lindeman's lambics. The tartness is so tantalizing it leaves you wanting more. Still though, its quite a nice beer. [PAR] Feel is light and crisp with medium carbonation. [PAR] Overall a really nice Kriek. I wish more of that tart cherry character came through in the nose and flavor. But, its still a well crafted beer. [PAR] 629 characters [PAR] 4.37/5 rDev +12.6% [PAR] look: 4.5 | smell: 4.25 | taste: 4.5 | feel: 4.25 | overall: 4.25 [PAR] Beautiful deep ruby color with a thick white head and lots of sticky lacing. Aromas of tart cherries and yeast funk carry over to the palate. Not terribly sweet, nicely tart, clean finish. An enjoyable quaff from a world-class brewer. [PAR] 234 characters [PAR] 3.96/5 rDev +2.1% [PAR] look: 4 | smell: 4.25 | taste: 3.75 | feel: 4 | overall: 4 [PAR] Out of the bottle, poured a ruby red, clear, with a rose coloured persistent head. I got notes of of sour cherry, red liquorice (nibs), orange, and a subtle hint of spicy/mulled wine. Great carbonation, refreshing and palate cleansing. Would be great with dessert or as a palate cleanser between courses or with assorted canap\u00e9s. [PAR] 331 characters [PAR] look: 4.25 | smell: 4 | taste: 3.25 | feel: 4.25 | overall: 3.5 [PAR] 750 ml bottle hard-poured into a tulip glass. [PAR] L - dark ruby red color, almost black without light; two finger bright ruby color head; thick ring of foam around the glass with a layer covering the surface [PAR] S - Cherries, cough syrup, jolly rancher; the booze mixes with the cherries to create a cough syrup aroma. Cherries are very dominant and takes up most of the aroma. [PAR] T - Cherry War Head. Cherries are there immediately with a tangy sour finish. Bit of a dry bite at the end, but I think Cherry War Head sums it up nicely. Don't worry, no mouth burn. Juicy and fruity. [PAR] F - watery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Business | The death of cheap lager BBC NEWS | Business | The death of cheap lager [PAR] The death of cheap lager [PAR] By Brian Wheeler [PAR] BBC News Online business reporter [PAR] The decision to kill off Hofmeister and other low-strength lagers, marks the end of an era in British culture - and in advertising. [PAR] As advertising icons go, George, the Hofmeister bear, lacked a certain glamour. [PAR] A pork-pie hat wearing figure in a shiny velour jacket, he was invariably surrounded by a group of generic Cockney geezers marvelling at his skills with a snooker cue. [PAR] For a brief period in the 1980s the UK's drinkers seemed happy to \"follow the bear\". [PAR] But George's antics quickly palled and the ads now look as dated as an episode of Minder. [PAR] Nobody wants to follow the bear any more [PAR] So news last week that Scottish and Newcastle (S&N) is to axe Hofmeister along with a raft of other long-neglected lager brands including Kestrel and McEwans, came as little surprise. [PAR] Few tears will be shed by members of the Campaign for Real Ale at the demise of these low-strength, low flavour beers. [PAR] But for aficionados of Britain's drinking culture - and students of advertising - it surely marks the end of an era. [PAR] Pint-drinking culture [PAR] The 3.2% \"standard\" lager is a peculiarly British institution - the product of a peculiar mix of economics and cultural factors. [PAR] Millions of Britons returned from their first package holidays in the 1960s and early '70s with a taste for lager. [PAR] This continental brew was stronger than the real ale they were used to drinking - at 5% alcohol content - and served in smaller measures than the traditional British pint pot. [PAR] Heineken emphasises refreshment over potency [PAR] The breweries liked lager because it could be served from bottles and cans easier than traditional British ale. [PAR] But they were worried that the British drinker could not consume the stronger beer in the large volumes they were used to - and the breweries needed to keep their profits up. [PAR] So the first lagers created for the UK market were watered down versions of their continental cousins, brewed for a shorter period of time and, therefore, with less flavour. [PAR] Enter Hofmeister, Harp, Carling, Skol and a dozen other \"standard lagers\". [PAR] The apparently thankless task of selling this weak and flavourless fizz was handed to the marketing department. [PAR] The result was some of the most memorable advertising ever created. [PAR] Random lagers [PAR] Heineken hit on the much copied formula of emphasising \"refreshment\", masking its lack of potency with its thirst quenching qualities. [PAR] Managing to position something as reassuringly expensive, when it isn't, is hard to beat in marketing terms [PAR] Drinks analyst Kevin Baker [PAR] While Carling's long-running \"I bet he drinks...\" formula cornered the market in matey camaraderie and surreal humour, catapulting the brand into first place in the UK market, a position it holds to this day. [PAR] What spurred the advertising creatives on was the need to differentiate between virtually identical products - or \"random lagers\" as one long-forgotten ad had it. [PAR] That and the millions being thrown at the market by the breweries. [PAR] But their earlier ads were recognised as classics [PAR] Pretty soon adland had a new mantra - \"People don't drink lager they drink advertising\". [PAR] But the best was yet to come. [PAR] Great British lager [PAR] Marketers have always made the most of lager's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AbeBooks - Rare Book Room: Books. Collectible James Bond Books AbeBooks - Rare Book Room: Books. Collectible James Bond Books [PAR] Home > Rare Book Room > Books. Collectible James Bond Books. [PAR] Books. Collectible James Bond Books. [PAR] The big screen blockbuster of Casino Royale sees 007 new boy Daniel Craig gambling at the French Riviera's baccarat tables, but you would need to truly break the bank to afford an original first edition of many of Ian Fleming's James Bond books. He wrote 13 James Bond novels, starting with Casino Royale and ending with Octopussy and the Living Daylights, and all first editions are highly desirable and quite elusive, much like 007 himself. [PAR] Casino Royale [PAR] Published in 1953, this Jonathan Cape British edition is the true first. Less than 5,000 copies of Fleming's first James Bond novel were printed, with less than half going for commercial sale, and most are now in the hands of collectors. At a glamorous French casino, expert baccarat player Bond is on a mission to neutralize a lethal, high-rolling Russian operative called Le Chiffre, with the help of his beautiful assistant Vesper Lynd. [PAR] First Edition, First Impression. 8vo. Original black boards, titles to spine and red heart to upper board in red. With the dustjacket. Housed in a black quarter morocco solander box by The Chelsea Bindery. Traces of a very small bookseller's label removed from the front pastedown, but otherwise an immaculate copy in very fresh dustjacket minutely tanned in the lower white portion. $34765 [PAR] Live and Let Die [PAR] The second James Bond novel, published in 1954. Beautiful, fortune-telling Solitaire is the prisoner of Mr. Big - master of fear, artist in crime, and Voodoo Baron of Death. James Bond has no time for superstition - he knows that Big is also a top SMERSH operative and threat. After tracking him through the jazz joints of Harlem to the Everglades and on the Caribbean, 007 has realized that Mr. Big is one of the most dangerous men that he has ever faced. [PAR] First edition, first issue (without the two line credit on the front flap). 8vo. Publisher's black cloth, spine lettered and stamped in gilt, gilt vignette stamped on front cover. Original dust jacket printed in magenta, with price to rear flap intact, price to front flap clipped, orange and black, edges of rear cover and flaps slightly browned, slight crease to upper edge, minute rubbing to head of spine and tips. An excellent example of the second James Bond title. $17250 [PAR] From Russia With Love [PAR] Fleming's fifth Bond book is widely considered the best novel in the series, and the best of the Bond films. In the book, Russia's lethal SMERSH organization has targeted 007 for elimination. SMERSH has the perfect bait in the irresistible Tatiana Romanova, who lures Bond to Istanbul promising the top-secret Spektor cipher machine. But when he walks willingly into the trap, a game of cross and double-cross ensues. [PAR] NF/VG+; First Edition; First Printing. Binding is Hard Cover. A handsome, bright First Print copy of the First Edition in Very Near Fine condition in Very Good+ dust-jacket, little rubbing and chipping of dustjacket, showing original price of 13s 6d. A fine collectible. $7700 [PAR] Dr. No [PAR] The first Bond book to make it to the big screen, Dr. No was published in 1958 and was the sixth book in the series. Bond travels to Jamaica to investigate the disappearance of Strangeways. The tropical island is luxurious, the seductive Honey Rider is beautiful and willing, but they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] gaffer - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com gaffer - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Random Word [PAR] gaffer [PAR] A gaffer is a member of a movie or television crew. The gaffer runs the production's electrical department. [PAR] One of the jobs credited at the end of a film is the gaffer. A gaffer is responsible for the electricity that powers the lights, so her job is vital to the success of the movie. You can also call a gaffer a Chief Lighting Technician, and you can call her assistant a Best Boy. The word gaffer is also sometimes used to mean \"old man,\" which is the oldest meaning of the word, originally a contraction of godfather."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Agriculture | Falkland Islands Government Agriculture | Falkland Islands Government [PAR] Back [PAR] Agriculture [PAR] For 140 years, until the introduction of the Fishery Conservation Zone in 1987, sheep farming and the export of wool provided the main base of the Islands economy. [PAR] Since 1987 the sale of fishing licences has become the major income source for the Islands. However, sheep farming remains the major form of land use. The soils of the Islands are acidic and infertile. These inherent difficulties, when coupled with a windy and cool oceanic climate, and added to the geographic isolation of the Falklands, have ensured that wool is still the main land based export. [PAR] Farmland extends to approximately 1,140,500 hectares and carries approximately 500,000 sheep and 5,000 cattle. Pre-1979 there were 36 farms in the Islands. However, as a result of Government policy to increase the number of locally owned and operated farms through sub-division of some of the larger \u2018corporate farms\u2019, there are now 84 farms. Most of these are run as family units with an average size of 10,000 hectares running 6,400 sheep. [PAR] In 1991, four large farms, equating to about 25% of the total farm land in the Islands, were purchased by the Falkland Islands Government from the Falkland Islands Company, demonstrating the Government\u2019s commitment to agriculture in the Islands. The Falkland Landholdings Corporation was established as a statutory organisation to run these farms, which total 308,000 ha, with 150,000 sheep and approximately 1000 head of cattle. [PAR] The Islands average annual wool clip for 2010/11 was 1,600 tonnes (greasy) with an average fibre diameter of 24 micron. Sheep breeds are predominantly Polwarth and Corriedale. In 2005 an ongoing major ovine Embryo Transplant and Artificial Insemination programme was initiated, with the aim of speeding up the lowering of micron and improving meat carcasses in order to increase revenue to farmers. This includes introducing sheep breeds such as Dohne Merino and SAMMS (South African Mutton Merino) on farms. [PAR] In December 2002 the Islands newly constructed abattoir received accreditation to enable meat exports to the UK and Europe. Sand Bay Abattoir\u2019s first production of sheep meat was exported to the UK in May 2003. In 2011 the meat from approximately 44,000 sheep and lambs was exported to the UK and into European markets. [PAR] In addition to the sheep improvement work, funds are available through the Department of Agriculture\u2019s Farm Improvement Programme. Farmers are being encouraged to run their farms as profitable businesses that can compete on world markets and can enrol on the scheme if they can demonstrate a return on funds provided by the Government. [PAR] Farms in the Falkland Islands are extensively managed and lend themselves to the production of sheep meat, wool and beef grazed almost exclusively on natural pastures with very little use of synthetic chemicals or treatments. A number of farms in the Islands are designated as organic suppliers for their produce. [PAR] The main charter of the Department of Agriculture is to foster a viable and internationally competitive agricultural industry through integrated applied research, extension, business skill development and regulatory programmes. The Department also provides veterinary, quarantine and agricultural laboratory services to the Islands. [PAR] For more information visit www.fiagriculture.doa.gov.fk [PAR] Keep in touch[DOC] [TLE] Culture of Falkland Islands - history, people, clothing ... Culture of Falkland Islands - history, people, clothing, beliefs, food, life, immigrants, population, religion [PAR] Culture of Falkland Islands [PAR] Orientation [PAR] Identification. The British named the two islands after the naval officer Viscount Falkland. [PAR] Location and Geography. The Falklands, located approximately 185 miles (480"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Asgard | Norse mythology | Britannica.com Asgard | Norse mythology | Britannica.com [PAR] Norse mythology [PAR] Odin [PAR] Asgard, Old Norse \u00c1sgardr, in Norse mythology , the dwelling place of the gods, comparable to the Greek Mount Olympus . Legend divided Asgard into 12 or more realms, including Valhalla , the home of Odin and the abode of heroes slain in earthly battle; Thrudheim, the realm of Thor; and Breidablik, the home of Balder . [PAR] Each important god had his own palace in Asgard, and many Germanic peoples believed that these mansions were similar in design to those of their own nobility. Asgard could be reached from earth only by the bridge Bifrost (the rainbow). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Valhalla [PAR] in Norse mythology, the hall of slain warriors, who live there blissfully under the leadership of the god Odin. Valhalla is depicted as a splendid palace, roofed with shields, where the warriors feast on the flesh of a boar slaughtered daily and made whole again each evening. They drink liquor that... [PAR] Odin (Norse deity) [PAR] one of the principal gods in Norse mythology. His exact nature and role, however, are difficult to determine because of the complex picture of him given by the wealth of archaeological and literary sources. The Roman historian Tacitus stated that the Teutons worshiped Mercury; and because dies... [PAR] Thor (Germanic deity) [PAR] deity common to all the early Germanic peoples, a great warrior represented as a red-bearded, middle-aged man of enormous strength, an implacable foe to the harmful race of giants but benevolent toward mankind. His figure was generally secondary to that of the god Odin, who in some traditions was... [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] Asgard - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] in Norse mythology, the dwelling place of the Aesir gods. According to Snorri Sturluson, author of the \u2019Prose (or Younger) Edda\u2019, Asgard was the last place created by the gods, after they made the earth, seas, sky, Jotunheim (Giantland), Midgard (Middle Earth, which would become the home of the humans), and clouds. [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Taj Mahal - Easy Tours of India Taj Mahal - Easy Tours of India [PAR] Easy Tours of India [PAR] Save Time. Consult a Specialist Now - 888 597 9274 / 512 345 1122 [PAR] Toggle navigation [PAR] Attire [PAR] What : [PAR] The Taj Mahal undoubtedly is the most popular tourist attraction amongst India\u2019s long and impressive list of monuments. The Taj Mahal, popularized over the centuries as a symbol of undying love and eternal devotion, gets over three million visitors every year. [PAR] The Taj Mahal is located in the north western city of Agra and was built by the fifth great Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan who was inconsolable over the death of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. [PAR] Long considered the most beautiful building in the world and the inspiration of great works in poetry, prose and art, the Taj Mahal has fascinated visitors from around the world for centuries. The Taj Mahal has been on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites since 1983 and is counted amongst one of the wonders of the world. [PAR] Considered the pinnacle of Mughal architecture in India, the Taj Mahal complex took over twenty two years to build. Construction of the complex commenced in 1631 and ended in 1653. The main mausoleum alone was built in a period of eight years. A workforce of over 20,000 laborers augmented by a variety of beasts of burden and elephants along with an army of artisans from as far afield as Central Asia, Persia and Arabia was committed to the project. [PAR] What emerged from this architectural magnum opus is a monument that is peerless in its purity and magnificence. The Taj Mahal while drawing its inspiration from other Mughal garden tombs such as the Itimad-ud-Daulah Tomb and Humayun\u2019s Tomb outdid all of these previous monuments phenomenally. For the first time white marble was used on such a scale as a principal building material as opposed to red sandstone which was the mainstay of such large projects built earlier. [PAR] The design, symmetry and minimalism of the Taj Mahal add great detailing and beauty to the mausoleum. Also for the first time the Pietra Dura art form which uses marble fixtures with precious and semi-precious stone inlays to create mosaics and design motifs were applied so prolifically in a tomb. Also used with gusto were various forms of Islamic calligraphy to fill the tomb with verses of the Quran, the Muslim Holy scripture, the 99 names of God as well as classic Persian poetic verse. [PAR] The central mausoleum building of the Taj Mahal rests on a large marble base and is a multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners and is 55 meters wide at each side. This is topped by a massive onion dome which is 35 meters in height and is topped with a large brass finial with an Islamic crescent ascendant towards the heavens. Inside the main burial chamber of the Taj Mahal there has been extensive use of the Pietra Dura art form (which is known locally in India as Parchin Kari) along with calligraphy to create a rich Islamic and Arabesque patterned mosaic. [PAR] In the center of the main burial chamber are the Cenotaphs of the Empress Mumtaz Mahal as well as Shah Jahan who was buried here in 1666 despite persistent rumors that he intended to make a matching mausoleum of black marble right across the Jamuna River in a symmetrical pattern to the Taj Mahal of his empress. [PAR] Around the main mausoleum building of the Taj Mahal are four huge white marble"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Triangles - Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene Triangles - Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene [PAR] Triangles [PAR] A triangle has three sides and three angles [PAR] The three angles always add to 180\u00b0 [PAR] Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene [PAR] There are three special names given to triangles that tell how many sides (or angles) are equal. [PAR] There can be 3, 2 or no equal sides/angles: [PAR] Equilateral Triangle [PAR] Three equal angles, always 60\u00b0 [PAR] Isosceles Triangle [PAR] Triangles can also have names that tell you what type of angle is inside: [PAR] Acute Triangle [PAR] All angles are less than 90\u00b0 [PAR] Right Triangle [PAR] Has a right angle (90\u00b0) [PAR] Obtuse Triangle [PAR] Has an angle more than 90\u00b0 [PAR] Combining the Names [PAR] Sometimes a triangle will have two names, for example: [PAR] Right Isosceles Triangle [PAR] Has a right angle (90\u00b0), and also two equal angles [PAR] Can you guess what the equal angles are? [PAR] Play With It ... [PAR] Try dragging the points around and make different triangles: [PAR] You might also like to play with the Interactive Triangle . [PAR] Perimeter [PAR] The perimeter is the distance around the edge of the triangle: just add up the three sides: [PAR] Area [PAR] The area is half of the base times height. [PAR] \"b\" is the distance along the base [PAR] \"h\" is the height (measured at right angles to the base) [PAR] Area = \u00bd \u00d7 b \u00d7 h [PAR] The formula works for all triangles. [PAR] Note: a simpler way of writing the formula is bh/2 [PAR] Example: What is the area of this triangle? [PAR] (Note: 12 is the height, not the length of the left-hand side) [PAR] [PAR] Base = b = 20 [PAR] Area = \u00bd \u00d7 b \u00d7 h = \u00bd \u00d7 20 \u00d7 12 = 120 [PAR] The base can be any side, Just be sure the \"height\" is measured at right angles to the \"base\": [PAR] (Note: You can also calculate the area from the lengths of all three sides using Heron's Formula .) [PAR] [PAR] Why is the Area \"Half of bh\"? [PAR] Imagine you \"doubled\" the triangle (flip it around one of the upper edges) to make a square-like shape (a parallelogram ) which can be changed to a simple rectangle : [PAR] THEN the whole area is bh, which is for both triangles, so just one is \u00bd \u00d7 bh."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Origin of The Kama Sutra - KamaSutra Chair - Sexual ... The Origin of The Kama Sutra - KamaSutra Chair - Sexual Positions of The Kama Sutra [PAR] The Tantra Chair Blog & News [PAR] A Sacred Exploration into The Kama Sutra [PAR] Subscribe to our newsletter: [PAR] 2014 [PAR] The Origin of The Kama Sutra [PAR] The Kama Sutra is said to be an ancient text which originated in India and is considered by many modern day scientists and experts to be the standard work on sexual behavior. Originally written in the Sanskrit language by V\u0101tsy\u0101yana, Kama basically means \u2018to love\u2019 and Sutra means \u2018a manual.\u2019 So when one combines the two, the Kama Sutra is in essence, a lovemaking manual. [PAR] The History of Kama Sutra [PAR] Kama Sutra also goes by the lessor known name of Kama Shastra, and is one of the three ancient texts that were written in Sanskrit in an attempt to describe what the acceptable goals in the life of person should be. The Indian texts are therefore solely devoted to \u2018Karma\u201d which is a legitimate goal, but less exalted as compared to the goal of \u201cArtha\u201d which means power. Both of these aspirations are considered secondary only to the pursuit of \u201cDharma\u201d which refers to moral value and is considered to be the most worthy of accomplishments. The creation of the Kama Sutra came out of the need for people to have and know the methods of creating the next generation of society, both efficiently and of course, pleasurably. Since creating offspring is the most vital aspect of any civilization, the Kama Sutra was written to provide people with the physical, spiritual and emotional tools necessary to reach their goals. Legend has it, that Nandi, a companion of the god Shiva was inspired to write the original version of The Kama Sutra after once overhearing Shiva make love to his wife, Parvati, which can be dated back to the fourth century. Vatsayana became famous for being a respected articular on the Sutras that were originally passed down by The Buddha to mankind in the attempt to assist them with their trials and tribulations. However, the version of Vatsayana incorporates the works of his own observations on Hindu society as well as the works of other ancient scholars, which is widely accepted and honored by Indian Tradition. [PAR] The Content of the Kama Sutra [PAR] Even though the Kama Sutra is now associated with erotica in The West, it is not the only topic in the content of the time-honored, ancient text. The acts of lovemaking are further divided into eight different methods, with each of the eight methods able to be performed in eight different sexual positions. There are 64 various parts of love depicted in the Kama Sutra, comprising of both heterosexual and homosexual acts of sexual gratification. These 64 sections may also be described as the ways in which one can strengthen the intimate connection with their partner. Apart from that, there are also 35 chapters that are solely dedicated on the various ways in which one can attract a spouse, and on how to be a good partner. Even in today\u2019s world, there are many people who still follow the philosophy of this ancient text and believe it to be an inspiring work of art that helps to transcend the physical world.[DOC] [TLE] Is Kama Sutra a feminist book of erotic love? - BBC News Is Kama Sutra a feminist book of erotic love? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Image copyright other [PAR] Image"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bront\u00eb Pseudonyms: A Woman's Image \u2014 The Writer and ... The Bront\u00eb Pseudonyms: A Woman's Image \u2014 The Writer and Her Public [PAR] The Bront\u00eb Pseudonyms: A Woman's Image \u2014 The Writer and Her Public [PAR] Marianne Thormahlen, University of Lund, Sweden [PAR] This essay, which was originally published in English Studies (1994) as 'The Bronte Pseudonyms', appears in the Victorian Web with the kind permission of the author and the English Studies publishers Swets & Zeitlinger, who retain copyright. [PAR] Notes to this WWW edition [PAR] Numbers in brackets indicate page breaks in the print edition and thus allow users of VW to cite or locate the original page numbers. [PAR] Text links take you to material not in the original print version. [GPL]. [PAR] Adrian Kang, Chew Yong Jack, and GPL created the HTML version, converting footnotes. GPL also linked the text to other portions of the Victorian Web. [PAR] Clicking on superscript numbers brings you to the top of the left column; hitting the back button on your browser returns you to your place in the body of the main text. [PAR] Notes [PAR] 1. Emily Bront\u00eb: A Biography (Oxford, 1971), pp. 185-6. On Charlotte and Miss Currer, see also G\u00e9rin's Charlotte Bronte: The Evolution of Genius (Oxford, 1967), p. 309, and F.B. Pinion, A Bront\u00eb Companion: Literary Assessment, Background, and Reference (London, 1975), p. 278. The first person (as far as I am aware) to suggest that Charlotte may have borrowed her pseudonym from Miss Currer was 'the Hon. Lady Wilson of Eshton Hall' in the 'The Bront\u00ebs as Governesses', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 9 (1939), 217-18. See also Clifford Whone's report on The Keighley Mechanics' Institute, 'Where the Bront\u00ebs Borrowed Books', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 11 (1950), 345. (Whone noted the occurrence of Miss Currer's name among Institute members but did not outline any other relevant points in support of the connexion.) [PAR] 2. Adopting a surname as a first name was of course a convenient way of concealing a person's sex; after all, the choice of 'proper' Christian names that could have been used by men and women alike was severely limited. Charlotte's Shirley was given this 'masculine cognomen' in default of heirs male, pioneering it as a first name for women; see E.G. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names (Oxford, 1945), p. 118. [PAR] 3. On phrenology in Charlotte's novels, see Wilfred M. Senseman's 'Charlotte Bront\u00eb's Use of Physiognomy and Phrenology', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 12 (1967), 286-89, a recapitulation and part-reproduction of an article in Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 38 (1953), and Ian Jack, 'Physiognomy, Phrenology and Characterisation in the Novels of Charlotte Bront\u00eb', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 15 (1970), 377-91. For Anne's use of phrenology, see my 'The Villain of Wildfell Hall: Aspects and Prospects of Arthur Huntingdon' The Modern Language Review 88.4 (October 1993), 834-6. [PAR] 4. Subtitled A Study of the Bronte Sisters as Early-Victorian Female Novelists, it appeared in 1966 (Gothenburg and London). Another well-researched and informative dissertation, on an adjacent subject, by a Swedish Bront\u00eb scholar appeared eight years later, Harriet Bj\u00f6rk's The Language of Truth: Charlotte Bronte, the Woman Question, and the Novel, No. 47 in Lund Studies in English (Lund, 1974). [PAR] 5. See Frank, A Chainless Soul, p. 216, and Chitham, Emily Bront\u00eb, p. 198. (Clifford Whone did suggest that the name of another Keighley Mechanics' Institute member, one William Ellis, Esq., might have supplied Emily's pseudonym, but the absence of any further links detracts from the likelihood of this idea; see 'Where the Bront\u00ebs Borrowed Books',"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PAN : Greek God of Shepherds & Flocks - Greek mythology PAN - Greek God of Shepherds, Hunters & the Wilds (Roman Faunus) [PAR] Pan [PAR] All (pan), Rustic [PAR] Pan, Greco-Roman mosaic from Daphne C2nd-3rd A.D., Hatay Archaeology Museum [PAR] PAN was the god of shepherds and hunters, and of the meadows and forests of the mountain wilds. His unseen presence aroused panic in those who traversed his realm. [PAR] Pan idled in the rugged countryside of Arkadia (Arcadia), playing his panpipes and chasing Nymphs . One of these, Pitys , fled his advances and was transformed into a mountain-pine, the god's sacred tree. Another, Syrinx , escaped but was turned into a clump of reeds from which Pan crafted his pipes. And a third, Ekho (Echo) , was cursed to fade away for spurning the god, leaving behind just a voice to repeat his mountain cries. [PAR] Pan was depicted as a man with the horns, legs and tail of a goat, a thick beard, snub nose and pointed ears. He often appears in scenes of the company of Dionysos . [PAR] In the classical age the Greeks associated his name with the word pan meaning \"all\". However its true origin lay in an old Arcadian word for rustic. [PAR] Pan was closely identified with several other rustic deities including Aristaios (Aristaeus) , the shepherd-god of northern Greece who shared the god's titles of Agreus (Hunter) and Nomios (Shepherd), the pipe-playing Phrygian satyr Marsyas who challenged Apollon to a musical contest, and Aigipan (Aegipan) , the goat-fish god of the constellation Capricorn. Sometimes Pan was multiplied into a host of Panes , or a triad of gods named Agreus , Nomios , and Phorbas. [PAR] FAMILY OF PAN [PAR] [1.1] HERMES & DAUGHTER OF DRYOPOS (Homeric Hymn 19 to Pan) [PAR] [1.2] HERMES & THYMBRIS (Apollodorus 1.22-23, Scholiast ad Theocritus 1.123) [PAR] [1.3] HERMES & PENELOPE (Herodotus 2.145, Apollodorus E7.38, Hyginus Fabulae 224, Nonnus Dionysiaca 14.67, Servius ad Aeneid 2.43) [PAR] [1.4] HERMES (Plato Cratylus 408b, Pliny Natural History 7.204) [PAR] [1.5] HERMES & SOSE (Nonnus Dionysiaca 14.67) [PAR] [1.6] HERMES & KALLISTO (Scholiast ad Theocritus 1.3) [PAR] [1.7] HERMES & ORNEIOS (Scholiast ad Theocritus 1.3) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.1] THE PANES x12 (Dionysiaca 14.67) [PAR] [2.1] KROTOS (by Eupheme ) (Eratosthenes, Hyginus Fabulae 224, Hyginus Astr. 2.27) [PAR] [3.1] AKIS (by Symaithis ) (Ovid Metamorphoses 13.750) [PAR] [4.1] EURYMEDON (Statius Thebaid 11.32) [PAR] [5.1] KRENAIOS (by Ismenis ) (Statius Thebaid 9.318) [PAR] [7.1] SEILENOS (by Melia ) (Other references) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] PAN (Pan), the great god of flocks and shepherds among the Greeks; his name is probably connected with the verb pa\u00f4. Lat. pasco, so that his name and character are perfectly in accordance with each other. Later speculations, according to which Pan is the same as to pan, or the universe, and the god the symbol of the universe, cannot be taken into consideration here. He is described as a son of Hermes by the daughter of Dryops (Hom. Hymn. vii. 34), by Callisto (Schol. ad Theocr. i. 3), by Oeneis or Thymbris (Apollod. i. 4. \u00a7 1; Schol. ad Theocrit. l. c.), or as the son of Hermes by Penelope, whom the god visited in the shape of a ram (Herod. ii. 145; Schol. ad Theocrit. i. 123 ; Serv. ad Aen. ii. 43), or of Penelope by Odysseus, or by all her suitors in common. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 16; Schol. ad Lycoph. 766; Schol. ad Theocrit. i. 3.) Some again call him the son of Aether and Oeneis, or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 100 best novels: No 17 \u2013 Moby-Dick by Herman Melville ... The 100 best novels: No 17 \u2013 Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (1851) | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The 100 best novels: No 17 \u2013 Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (1851) [PAR] Wise, funny and gripping, Melville's epic work continues to cast a long shadow over American literature [PAR] Monday 13 January 2014 02.30 EST [PAR] First published on Monday 13 January 2014 02.30 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] On 5 August 1850 a party of writers and publishers climbed Monument Mountain in Massachusetts, during the American equivalent of a hike in the Lakes. Among the literati on this excursion were Nathaniel Hawthorne, 46, author of The Scarlet Letter ( No 16 in this series ), a recently published bestseller (although a term not yet in use), and the young novelist Herman Melville, who, after a very successful debut (Typee), was struggling to complete an unwieldy coming-of-age tale about a South Seas whaler. [PAR] Melville, who was just 31, had never met Hawthorne. But after a day in the open air, a quantity of champagne, and a sudden downpour, the younger man was enraptured with his new friend, who had \"dropped germinous seeds into my soul\". Rarely in Anglo-American literature has there been such a momentous meeting. [PAR] It was the attraction of opposites. Hawthorne, from an old New England family, was careful, cultivated and inward, a \"dark angel\", according to one. Melville was a ragged, voluble, romantic New Yorker from mercantile stock. Both writers had hovered on the edge of insolvency and each was a kind of outsider. [PAR] A fervent correspondence ensued. Melville, indeed, became so infatuated that he moved with his wife and family to become Hawthorne's neighbour. Thus liberated, fulfilled, and inspired to say \"NO! in thunder, to Christianity\", he completed Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, in the spring of 1851. After an early reading of the manuscript, Hawthorne acclaimed it in a letter that remains, tantalisingly, lost. All we have is Melville's ecstatic response (\"Your heart beat in my ribs and mine in yours, and both in God's...\"), and, subsequently, a dedicatory declaration of Melville's admiration for Hawthorne's \"genius\" at the front of Moby-Dick (the first edition hyphenated the whale's name). [PAR] So how homoerotic was this friendship? No one will ever know; it remains one of the mysteries of American letters. All we can say for certain is that, after climbing Monument Mountain, Melville adopted Hawthorne's idea of the \"romance\" as a mixed-genre, symbolic kind of fiction, and found his creative genius somehow released in the making of his new book. [PAR] And that is everything, because Moby-Dick is, for me, the supreme American novel, the source and the inspiration of everything that follows in the American literary canon. I first read it, inspired by my sixth-form English teacher, Lionel Bruce, aged about 15, and it's stayed with me ever since. Moby-Dick is a book you come back to, again and again, to find new treasures and delights, a storehouse of language, incident and strange wisdom. [PAR] Moby-Dick is \u2013 among some fierce contenders which will appear later in this series \u2013 the great American novel whose genius was only recognised long after its author was dead. From its celebrated opening line (\"Call me Ishmael\") it plunges the reader into the narrator's quest for meaning \"in the damp, drizzly November of my soul\". [PAR] Ishmael is an existential outsider. What follows is profoundly modern yet essentially Victorian, spanning 135 chapters. It is a literary performance that is exhilarating, extraordinary,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roobarb & Custard: When Custard was Grounded on the App Store Roobarb & Custard: When Custard was Grounded on the App Store [PAR] Open iTunes to buy and download apps. [PAR] Description [PAR] Narrated by Tamsin Greig, this official Roobarb and Custard app includes new animations, interactions on every page, record-your-own audio feature and includes original music from the hit TV show. [PAR] Roobarb is planning a magnificent model aeroplane race and invites all his friends to join in. Mole, Rabbit and Rookie all line up with their planes to compete, but Custard has made his own sneaky plans with the dodgy Bovver Birds to get his paws on the prize, a scrumptious golden sponge cake. [PAR] Wonderfully wobbly classic cartoon Roobarb and Custard gets the digital picture book treatment in this adapted from TV appbook. Join the loveable goofy green dog and his pink feline foe in this highly interactive 24 page book. [PAR] Features include:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abraham Lincoln | 16th President Of The United States Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States [PAR] Home: Library: Lincoln, Abraham [PAR] \u201cWith malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation\u2019s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.\u201d [PAR] - ABRAHAM LINCOLN [PAR] Abraham Lincoln [PAR] 16th President of the United States, 1809 - 1865 [PAR] Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in Hardin County (now LaRue County), Kentucky. He rose from humble origins and less than a year of formal education to become the 16th President of the United States, and one of the great men of American history. [PAR] Lincoln was elected President on November 6, 1860, and led the United States through the nation's greatest crisis, the Civil War (1861-1865). He is credited with saving the Union from disintegration and eliminating slavery in America. [PAR] Lincoln was a master politician, leading by persuasion and humor. He appointed three of his opponents for the Republican nomination to his cabinet, naming William Seward , Secretary of State; Salmon Chase , Secretary of the Treasury and later nominating him to be chief justice of the Supreme Court, and Edward Bates , who served as Attorney General. [PAR] The war\u2019s end was in sight on March 4, 1865 when Lincoln took his second oath of office as President. In his inaugural address he urged merciful treatment for the defeated rebel states. As Lincoln began his second term he worked tirelessly for the speedy \u201creconstruction\u201d of the war-torn nation. [PAR] On the evening of April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assasinated as he watched a play at Ford\u2019s Theatre in Washington D.C. He was the first American President to be assasinated. Thousands of mourners lined the tracks as his funeral train moved him from Washington to his final resting place in Springfield, Illinois. [PAR] Newspaper publisher Horace Greeley said of Lincoln: [PAR] \u201cHe slowly won his way to eminence and fame doing the work that lay next to him\u0097doing it with all his growing might\u0097doing it as well as he could, and learning by his failure, when failure was encountered, how to do it better.\u201d [PAR] If you are aware of books, movies, databases, web sites or other information sources about Abraham Lincoln or related subjects, or if you would like to comment, please contact us . [PAR] Resource Menu[DOC] [TLE] Abraham Lincoln | whitehouse.gov Abraham Lincoln | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Abraham Lincoln became the United States' 16th President in 1861, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy in 1863. [PAR] Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: \"In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.\" [PAR] Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Handling and Processing Mackerel - Food and Agriculture ... Handling and Processing Mackerel [PAR] Mackerel and poisoning [PAR] Introduction [PAR] This note gives information on the shelf life of chilled and frozen mackerel and describes the manufacture of smoked, canned and salted products from mackerel. [PAR] The processing advice is preceded by a brief description of the fish, its life history, and the fishery in the UK, with information on the quantity and value of the catch. [PAR] Scientific name [PAR] The scientific name of the mackerel caught in the north Atlantic is Scomber scombrus. The scientific name of the chub mackerel, a related species found in warmer waters in many parts of the world, is Scomber japonicus. Other species of Scomber, and species of Scomberomorus, Auxis and Rastrelliger are also described as mackerel in many parts of the world. [PAR] Common name [PAR] The name mackerel is used in the UK principally for the species Scomber scombrus, but the name can also be used in the UK for any species of Scomber offered for retail sale. [PAR] Scomber scombrus is sometimes called Atlantic, northern or Boston mackerel to distinguish it from Scomber japonicus, which is variously called chub, Pacific, or Spanish mackerel. [PAR] A small mackerel is sometimes called a cock mackerel, a joey or a little boy in England, or a pinner in Scotland. [PAR] Distinguishing features [PAR] The Atlantic mackerel has a rounded, elongated body with two widely spaced back fins, the first with 11-13 spiny rays, the second with soft rays; the chub mackerel has 9-10 spines in the first back fin. There are 4-6, usually 5, finlets between the second back fin and the rail, and between the anal fin and the tail, There is a small keel on each side of the tail stub. The tail is forked. [PAR] The back of the mackerel is a brilliant greeny blue, and the head is a steely blue-black with a small yellow patch behind the eye. There are 23-33 dark wavy bands across the back of the fish down to the midline. The sides have a silvery or coppery sheen, the belly is silvery white and there is a broken black line just below the lateral line. [PAR] The scales are small and the skin feels velvety. There is a swimbladder in the chub mackerel but not in the Atlantic mackerel. [PAR] Life history [PAR] Mackerel are found in summer throughout the waters of the European continental shelf, continually on the move in search of food; they feed on small fish such as sprats and sand eels, as well as on krill and plankton. At the start of the winter the mackerel migrate to overwintering areas; these are not well defined, but three are known around the UK, one in the northern North Sea along the Norwegian Deeps, another along the edge of the continental shelf in the western Celtic Sea and a third close to the south coast of Cornwall. The first two are typical overwintering areas and are similar to those off the east coast of North America; the mackerel are mixed with other species, for example scad in the Celtic Sea and Norway pout in the North Sea. Off Cornwall the pattern is different; large shoals of mackerel with few other fish among them move close inshore into relatively shallow water, although separate shoals of pilchard and scad are found in the area. The Cornish stock of winter mackerel was unknown before the mid 1960s, presumably because it was not there, and it is assumed to be an unstable offshoot of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Urban Dictionary: benfica Urban Dictionary: benfica [PAR] benfica [PAR] n. Name of Portugal 's, Europe 's and the World 's biggest club. According to the Guiness Book of World Records: [PAR] \"The most widely supported football club is Sport Lisboa e Benfica, Portugal, which has 160,398 paid-up members. The record was acknowledged on 9 November 2006 during the celebrations for Guinness World Records Day. [PAR] The team, better known as just Benfica or, by fans, SLB, has supporters in most municipalities of Portugal \u00ad and in cities throughout the world, namely Andorra, Angola, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, England, France, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Luxembourg, Macao, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States.\" [PAR] Benfica is one of the most prominent clubs in Europe having reached the final of the UEFA Champions Cup for 7 times (2W/5L). [PAR] It it often said that Benfica is bigger than the country in which it was born - and not without cause. [PAR] Because of its size, illustrious history and enduring popularity at home and abroad, Benfica is also the most hated, vilified and secretly envied institution in Portugal. [PAR] \"I've never seen anything like it.\" - Giovanni Trappatoni [PAR] Benfica [PAR] A big European club situated in Lisbon, Portugal. It has over 15 million fans world wide. And it't the club on the Guiness Book of Records of being the club with the most members in the world. (165,000) Benfica hs been very successful over the years winning; 31 Portuguese league titles, 24 Portuguese Cup titles. Internationally they've won 2 Uefa Champions League titles (61 & 62), and they made it to the final another 6 times. Benfica has also made it to the Uefa Cup final once. [PAR] Benfica plays in the Estadio da Luz (Stadium of Light) which was recently renovated (Euro 2004), and given a new nickname \"A Catedral\" (The Cathedral)...In important matches it usually fills up and fans like to turn it to \"O inferno.\" (The stadium of Hell -towards the visiting team). [PAR] Benfica's symbol is the Eagle. The club has an actual Eagle (named Victoria) that flies over the stadium before important matches- where the fans go wild!!! [PAR] Some important stadium songs are \"SLB Glorioso & \"Ninguem para o Benfica.\" [PAR] Benfica is the greatest club of Europe!!!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dynamite - Alfred Nobel and the History of Dynamite Alfred Nobel and the History of Dynamite [PAR] Industrialist Alfred Nobel invented the detonator for dynamite and nitroglycerin [PAR] Simon Battensby/ Photographers Choice/ Getty images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated October 23, 2016. [PAR] The Nobel prizes was established by none other than inventor Alfred Nobel . But besides being the namesake behind one of the most prestigious awards given annually for academic, cultural and scientific achievements, Nobel is also well-known for making it possible for people to blow things up. [PAR] Before all that, however, the Swedish industrialist, engineer and inventor built bridges and buildings in his nation's capital Stockholm. It was his construction work that inspired Nobel to research new methods of blasting rock. So in 1860, the Nobel first started experimenting with an explosive chemical substance called nitroglycerin. [PAR] Nitroglycerin and Dynamite [PAR] Nitroglycerin was first invented by Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero in 1846. In its natural liquid state, nitroglycerin is very volatile. Nobel understood this and in 1866 discovered that mixing nitroglycerine with silica would turn the liquid into a malleable paste called dynamite. One advantage that dynamite had over nitroglycerin was that it could be cylinder-shaped for insertion into the drilling holes used for mining. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Alfred Nobel [PAR] In 1863, Nobel invented the Nobel patent detonator or blasting cap for detonating nitroglycerin. The detonator used a strong shock rather than heat combustion to ignite the explosives. The Nobel Company built the first factory to manufacture nitroglycerin and dynamite. [PAR] In 1867, Nobel received U.S. patent number 78,317 for his invention of dynamite. To be able to detonate the dynamite rods, Nobel also improved his detonator (blasting cap) so that it could be ignited by lighting a fuse. In 1875, Nobel invented blasting gelatine, which was more stable and powerful than dynamite and patented it in 1876. In 1887, he was granted a French patent for \"ballistite,\" a smokeless blasting powder made from nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. While Ballistite was developed as a substitute for black gun powder , a variation is used today as a solid fuel rocket propellant. [PAR] Biography [PAR] On October 21, 1833 Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His family moved to St. Petersburg in Russia when he was nine years old. Nobel prided himself on the many countries he lived in during his lifetime and considered himself a world citizen. [PAR] In 1864, Albert Nobel founded Nitroglycerin AB in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1865, he built the Alfred Nobel & Co. Factory in Kr\u00fcmmel near Hamburg, Germany. In 1866, he established the United States Blasting Oil Company in the U.S. In 1870, he established the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour la fabrication de la dynamite in Paris, France. [PAR] When he died in 1896, Nobel stipulated the year before in his last will and testament that 94 percent of his total assets go toward the creation of an endowment fund to honor achievements in physical science, chemistry, medical science or physiology, literary work and service toward peace. Hence, the Nobel prize is awarded yearly to people whose work helps humanity. In total, Alfred Nobel held three hundred and fifty-five patents in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, biology, and physiology.[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Bernhard Nobel | Swedish inventor | Britannica.com Alfred Nobel | Biography & Facts | Britannica.com [PAR] Alfred Nobel, in full Alfred Bernhard Nobel (born October 21, 1833, Stockholm , Sweden \u2014died December 10, 1896, San Remo , Italy ), Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist, who invented dynamite and other, more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493) The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493) [PAR] Updated March 14, 2016. [PAR] The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus: [PAR] Having convinced the King and Queen of Spain to finance his voyage, Christopher Columbus departed mainland Spain on August 3, 1492. He quickly made port in the Canary Islands for a final restocking and left there on September 6. He was in command of three ships: the Pinta, the Ni\u00f1a, and the Santa Mar\u00eda. Although Columbus was in overall command, the Pinta was captained by Mart\u00edn Alonso Pinz\u00f3n and the Ni\u00f1a by Vicente Ya\u00f1ez Pinz\u00f3n. [PAR] First landfall: San Salvador: [PAR] On October 12, Rodrigo de Triana, a sailor aboard the Pinta, first sighted land. Columbus himself later claimed that he had seen a sort of light or aura before Triana did, allowing him to keep the reward he had promised to give whomever spotted land first. The land turned out to be a small island in the present-day Bahamas. Columbus named the island San Salvador, although he remarked in his journal that the natives referred to it as Guanahani. There is some debate over which island was Columbus\u2019 first stop; most experts believe it to be San Salvador, Samana Cay, Plana Cays or Grand Turk Island. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] Second landfall: Cuba: [PAR] Columbus explored five islands in the modern-day Bahamas before he made it to Cuba. He reached Cuba on October 28, making landfall at Bariay, a harbor near the eastern tip of the island. Thinking he had found China, he sent two men to investigate. They were Rodrigo de Jerez and Luis de Torres, a converted Jew who spoke Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic in addition to Spanish. Columbus had brought him as an interpreter. The two men failed in their mission to find the Emperor of China, but did visit a native Ta\u00edno village. There they were the first to observe the smoking of tobacco, a habit which they promptly picked up. [PAR] Third Landfall: Hispaniola: [PAR] Leaving Cuba, Columbus made landfall on the Island of Hispaniola on December 5. The natives called it Hait\u00ed, but Columbus renamed it La Espa\u00f1ola, a name which was later changed to Hispaniola when Latin texts were written about the discovery. On December 25, the Santa Mar\u00eda ran aground and had to be abandoned. Columbus himself took over as captain of the Ni\u00f1a, as the Pinta had become separated from the other two ships. Negotiating with the local chieftain Guacanagari, Columbus arranged to leave 39 of his men behind in a small settlement, named La Navidad . [PAR] Return to Spain: [PAR] On January 6, the Pinta arrived and the ships were reunited: they set out for Spain on January 16. The ships arrived in Lisbon, Portugal, on March 4, returning to Spain shortly thereafter. [PAR] Historical Importance of Columbus' First Voyage: [PAR] In retrospect, it is somewhat surprising that what is today considered one of the most important voyages in history was something of a failure at the time. Columbus had promised to find a new, quicker route to the lucrative Chinese trade markets and he failed miserably. Instead of holds full of Chinese silks and spices he returned with some trinkets and a few bedraggled natives from Hispaniola: some ten more had perished on the voyage. In addition, he had lost the largest of the three ships entrusted to him. [PAR] Columbus actually considered the natives his greatest find. He thought that a new slave trade"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Owl and the Pussy-Cat | Academy of American Poets The Owl and the Pussy-Cat - Poems | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox [PAR] sign up [PAR] poem [PAR] About this poet [PAR] The British poet and painter known for his absurd wit, Edward Lear was born on May 12, 1812 and began his career as an artist at age 15. His father, a stockbroker of Danish origins, was sent to debtor's prison when Lear was thirteen and the young Lear was forced to earn a living. Lear quickly gained recognition for his work and in 1832 was hired by the London Zoological Society to execute illustrations of birds. In the same year, the Earl of Derby invited Lear to reside at his estate; Lear ended up staying on until 1836. [PAR] His first book of poems, A Book of Nonsense (1846) was composed for the grandchildren of the Derby household. Around 1836 Lear decided to devote himself exclusively to landscape painting (although he continued to compose light verse). Between 1837 and 1847 Lear traveled extensively throughout Europe and Asia. [PAR] After his return to England, Lear's travel journals were published in several volumes as The Illustrated Travels of a Landscape Painter. Popular and respected in his day, Lear's travel books have largely been ignored in the twentieth century. Rather, Lear is remembered for his humorous poems, such as \"The Owl and the Pussycat,\" and as the creator of the form and meter of the modern limerick. Like his younger peer Lewis Carroll, Lear wrote many deeply fantastical poems about imaginary creatures, such as \"The Dong with the Luminous Nose.\" His books of humorous verse also include Nonsense Songs (1871) and Laughable Lyrics (1877). Lear died on January 29, 1888 at the age of 76. [PAR] Although the subject and form of his works varies greatly, all of Lear's poems can be characterized by his irreverent view of the world; Lear poked fun at everything, including himself in \"By Way of a Preface.\" Many critics view Lear's devotion to the ridiculous as a method for dealing with or undermining the all-pervasive orderliness and industriousness of Victorian society. Regardless of impetus, the humor of Lear's poems has proved irrefutably timeless."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boxing - Olympic Rules, Judging and Officials Olympic Boxing Rules, Scoring and Judging [PAR] By Andrew Eisele [PAR] Updated October 12, 2016. [PAR] What are the rules for boxing at the Olympic Games ? Several rule changes were made in 2013 that affected the Games from 2016 onward. These included allowing professional boxers to qualify, eliminating headgear for men, raising the minimum age to 19, and changing the scoring system. [PAR] Qualifying for Olympic Boxing [PAR] Unlike most sports, slots are limited for Olympic boxing and just because you qualified nationally does not mean you are going to the Games. Professionals qualify through their ranking and an international Olympic qualifyer tournament. Amateur boxers qualify for the Olympics through performances at regional tournaments in Europe, Asia, the Americas, Africa and Oceania, or at a world qualifying tournament. More: How to Become an Olympic Boxer [PAR] Olympic Tournaments [PAR] The boxers are paired off at random for the Olympic Games, without regard to ranking. They fight in a single-elimination tournament, with the winner advancing to the next round and the loser dropping out of the competition. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How Boxing Is Scored: Amateur [PAR] Winning boxers progress through the preliminary rounds to the quarterfinals and semifinals. The two semifinals winners fight for the gold and silver medals, while both losing semifinalists receive bronze medals. [PAR] Men's bouts consist of a total of three rounds of three minutes each. Women's bouts consist of a total of four rounds of two minutes each. There is a one-minute rest interval between each round. [PAR] Contests are won by knockout or on points. Scoring was switched to the 10-point must system as of the 2016 Olympic Games. [PAR] Scoring for Olympic Boxing Through 2012 [PAR] Before 2016, Olympic boxing matches were scored by hits. A panel of five judges pressed buttons when they believed the boxer had delivered a scoring hit with a marked part of the glove on the opponent's head or body above the belt. The electronic scoring system counted a point when three or more judges scored a hit within one second of each other. Under this system, the total points at the end of the bout determined the winner. Ties were determined first by who took the lead with better style, and if still a tie, by who showed the better defense. [PAR] Scoring for Olympic Boxing 2016 and Onward [PAR] As of the 2016 Olympic Games, scoring is done with the traditional 10-point must system that is commonly used in boxing. Rather than the total points, each round is scored by the five judges and a computer randomly selects three of their scores to count. [PAR] Each judge must award 10 points to the boxer they judge to have won the round within 15 seconds of the end of the round. The judging criteria are the number of target-area blows landed, domination of the bout, technique and tactical superiority, competitiveness, and infringement of the rules. The winner of the round gets 10 points, while the loser gets a lower number from six to nine points. Nine points would denote a close round, eight points a clear winner, seven points total dominance, and six points overmatched. [PAR] After the final round, each judge adds their round scores to determine a winner. In an unanimous decision, all of the judges gave the same boxer two or more rounds. If there is a disagreement among the judges, it is a split decision. [PAR] Fouls [PAR] When a boxer commits a foul, he faces a caution, a warning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Arab Emirates country profile - BBC News United Arab Emirates country profile - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] United Arab Emirates country profile [PAR] 28 September 2016 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven states that has grown from a quiet backwater to one of the Middle East's most important economic centres. [PAR] Though traditionally conservative, the UAE is one of the most liberal countries in the Gulf, with other cultures and beliefs generally tolerated. Politically it remains authoritarian, however. [PAR] Relations with neighbouring Iran have been tense because of an ongoing territorial dispute over Gulf islands. The UAE was one of only three countries to recognise Taliban rule in Afghanistan. [PAR] Before oil was discovered in the 1950s the UAE's economy was dependent on fishing and a declining pearl industry. But since oil exports began in 1962, the country's society and economy have been transformed. [PAR] The UAE has diversified and has become a regional trading and tourism hub. UAE firms have invested heavily abroad. [PAR] See more country profiles - Profiles compiled by BBC Monitoring [PAR] FACTS [PAR] LEADER [PAR] President: Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed [PAR] Abu Dhabi President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed, who has a reputation as a pro-Western moderniser, was named as president by the UAE Federal Council in November 2004, shortly after the death of his father, Sheikh Zayed Bin-Sultan Al Nahyan. [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al Quwain - the seven emirates that make up the UAE - maintain a large degree of independence. [PAR] The UAE is governed by a Supreme Council of Rulers made up of the seven emirs, who appoint the prime minister and the cabinet. [PAR] MEDIA [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] The UAE is a regional and international centre for TV and media. Dubai Media City and twofour54, Abu Dhabi's media zone, were set up to attract key international players such as Reuters, CNN, Sony and Fox. [PAR] There is strong regulatory and political control of media content and even foreign publications are censored before distribution. [PAR] With 8.8 million users, the UAE has one of the highest internet penetration rates in the Arab world. But it is extensively filtered; targeted content includes opposition politics and religion. [PAR] TIMELINE [PAR] Some key dates in the UAE's history: [PAR] 1971 December - After independence from Britain, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujayrah, Sharjah, and Umm al Quwain come together as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sheikh Zayed Bin-Sultan Al Nuhayyan presides over the federation. [PAR] 1972 - Ras al-Khaymah joins the federation. [PAR] 2006 - First-ever national elections. A small number of hand-picked voters choose half of the members of the Federal National Council - an advisory body. [PAR] 2015 - The UAE takes part in Saudi-led air strikes on Houthi rebels in Yemen.[DOC] [TLE] Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates - TEN Guide Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates - TEN Guide [UAE] [PAR] A Member of The Emirates Network [PAR] Home : The Basics : The Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates [PAR] Abu Dhabi (aboo dub-bee): It is the federal capital of the United Arab Emirates and is the largest Emirate in the UAE. The name Abu Dhabi means 'Father of the Gazelle'. Visitors coming from the state of the art Abu Dhabi International Airport will find many nice surprises as they pass the Al Maqtaa Bridge. The central part of the emirate is found"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heyerdahl - definition of Heyerdahl by The Free Dictionary Heyerdahl - definition of Heyerdahl by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Heyerdahl - definition of Heyerdahl by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Heyerdahl [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia . [PAR] Hey\u00b7er\u00b7dahl [PAR] (h\u0101\u2032\u0259r-d\u00e4l\u2032, h\u012b\u2032-), Thor 1914-2002. [PAR] Norwegian ethnologist and adventurer known for voyages such as the Kon-Tiki expedition (1947), in which he sailed a raft across the Pacific Ocean from Peru to Tuamotu to show that Polynesians may be of South American origin. [PAR] Heyerdahl [PAR] (Norwegian \u02c8h\u025bi\u0259rda\u02d0l) [PAR] n [PAR] (Biography) Thor (t\u0254\u02d0). 1914\u20132002, Norwegian anthropologist. In 1947 he demonstrated that the Polynesians could originally have been migrants from South America, by sailing from Peru to the Pacific Islands of Tuamotu in the Kon-Tiki, a raft made of balsa wood. DNA testing in the late 1990s indicated that such a migration did not actually take place [PAR] Hey\u2022er\u2022dahl[DOC] [TLE] Heyerdahl sails papyrus boat - May 17, 1970 - HISTORY.com Heyerdahl sails papyrus boat - May 17, 1970 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Heyerdahl sails papyrus boat [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On May 17, 1970, Norwegian ethnologist Thor Heyerdahl and a multinational crew set out from Morocco across the Atlantic Ocean in Ra II, a papyrus sailing craft modeled after ancient Egyptian sailing vessels. Heyerdahl was attempting to prove his theory that Mediterranean civilizations sailed to America in ancient times and exchanged cultures with the people of Central and South America. The Ra II crossed the 4,000 miles of ocean to Barbados in 57 days. [PAR] Heyerdahl, born in Larvik, Norway, in 1914, originally studied zoology and geography at the University of Oslo. In 1936, he traveled with his wife to the Marquesas Islands to study the flora and fauna of the remote Pacific archipelago. He became fascinated with the question of how Polynesia was populated. The prevailing opinion then (and today) was that ancient seafaring people of Southeast Asia populated Polynesia. However, because winds and currents in the Pacific generally run from east to west, and because South American plants such as the sweet potato have been found in Polynesia, Heyerdahl conjectured that some Polynesians might have originated in South America. [PAR] To explore this theory, he built a copy of a prehistoric South American raft out of balsa logs from Ecuador. Christened Kon-Tiki, after the Inca god, Heyerdahl and a small crew left Callao, Peru, in April 1947, traversed some 5,000 miles of ocean, and arrived in Polynesia after 101 days. Heyerdahl related the story of the epic voyage in the book Kon-Tiki (1950) and in a documentary film of the same name, which won the 1952 Oscar for Best Documentary. [PAR] Heyerdahl later became interested in the possibility of cultural contact between early peoples of Africa and Central and South America. Certain cultural similarities, such as the shared importance of pyramid building in ancient Egyptian and Mexican civilizations, perhaps suggested a link. To test the feasibility of ancient transatlantic travel, Heyerdahl built a 45-foot-long copy of an ancient Egyptian papyrus vessel in 1969, with the aid of traditional boatbuilders from Lake Chad in Central Africa. Constructed at the foot of the Pyramids and named after the sun god Ra, it was later transported to Safi in Morocco, from where it set sail for the Caribbean on May 24, 1969. Defects in design and other problems caused it to founder in July, 600 miles short of its goal. It had sailed 3,000 miles. [PAR] Undaunted, Heyerdahl constructed a second papyrus craft, the Ra II, with the aid of Aymaro Indian boatbuilders from Lake Titicaca in Bolivia."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Urban Dictionary: my word is my bond Urban Dictionary: my word is my bond [PAR] my word is my bond [PAR] It's a maritime brokers' motto. Since 1801 the motto of the London Stock Exchange (in Latin \"dictum meum pactum\") where bargains are made with no exchange of documents and no written pledges being given. [PAR] \"My word is my bond\" as brokers say (or \"my word, my bond!\")"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki - Aug 09, 1945 - HISTORY.com Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki - Aug 09, 1945 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki [PAR] Author [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1945, a second atom bomb is dropped on Japan by the United States, at Nagasaki, resulting finally in Japan\u2019s unconditional surrender. [PAR] The devastation wrought at Hiroshima was not sufficient to convince the Japanese War Council to accept the Potsdam Conference\u2019s demand for unconditional surrender. The United States had already planned to drop their second atom bomb, nicknamed \u201cFat Man,\u201d on August 11 in the event of such recalcitrance, but bad weather expected for that day pushed the date up to August 9th. So at 1:56 a.m., a specially adapted B-29 bomber, called \u201cBock\u2019s Car,\u201d after its usual commander, Frederick Bock, took off from Tinian Island under the command of Maj. Charles W. Sweeney. Nagasaki was a shipbuilding center, the very industry intended for destruction. The bomb was dropped at 11:02 a.m., 1,650 feet above the city. The explosion unleashed the equivalent force of 22,000 tons of TNT. The hills that surrounded the city did a better job of containing the destructive force, but the number killed is estimated at anywhere between 60,000 and 80,000 (exact figures are impossible, the blast having obliterated bodies and disintegrated records). [PAR] General Leslie R. Groves, the man responsible for organizing the Manhattan Project, which solved the problem of producing and delivering the nuclear explosion, estimated that another atom bomb would be ready to use against Japan by August 17 or 18\u2014but it was not necessary. Even though the War Council still remained divided (\u201cIt is far too early to say that the war is lost,\u201d opined the Minister of War), Emperor Hirohito, by request of two War Council members eager to end the war, met with the Council and declared that \u201ccontinuing the war can only result in the annihilation of the Japanese people\u2026\u201d The Emperor of Japan gave his permission for unconditional surrender. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - HISTORY.com Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - World War II - HISTORY.com [PAR] Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki [PAR] Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki [PAR] Author [PAR] Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki [PAR] URL [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world\u2019s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan\u2019s Emperor Hirohito announced his country\u2019s unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of \u201ca new and most cruel bomb.\u201d [PAR] Google [PAR] The Manhattan Project [PAR] Even before the outbreak of war in 1939, a group of American scientists\u2013many of them refugees from fascist regimes in Europe\u2013became concerned with nuclear weapons research being conducted in Nazi Germany. In 1940, the U.S. government began funding its own atomic weapons development program, which came under the joint responsibility of the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the War Department after the U.S. entry into World War II . The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with spearheading the construction of the vast facilities"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts About Uveitis | National Eye Institute Facts About Uveitis | National Eye Institute [PAR] Eye care professionals may also describe the disease as infectious or noninfectious uveitis. [PAR] What is the Uvea and What Parts of the Eye are Most Affected by Uveitis? [PAR] The uvea is the middle layer of the eye which contains much of the eye\u2019s blood vessels (see diagram). This is one way that inflammatory cells can enter the eye. Located between the sclera, the eye\u2019s white outer coat, and the inner layer of the eye, called the retina, the uvea consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid: [PAR] Iris: The colored circle at the front of the eye. It defines eye color, secretes nutrients to keep the lens healthy, and controls the amount of light that enters the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. [PAR] Ciliary Body: It is located between the iris and the choroid. It helps the eye focus by controlling the shape of the lens and it provides nutrients to keep the lens healthy. [PAR] Choroid: A thin, spongy network of blood vessels, which primarily provides nutrients to the retina. [PAR] Uveitis disrupts vision by primarily causing problems with the lens, retina, optic nerve, and vitreous (see diagram): [PAR] Lens: Transparent tissue that allows light into the eye. [PAR] Retina: The layer of cells on the back, inside part of the eye that converts light into electrical signals sent to the brain. [PAR] Optic Nerve: A bundle of nerve fibers that transmits electrical signals from the retina to the brain. [PAR] Vitreous: The fluid filled space inside the eye. [PAR] Causes and Risk Factors [PAR] What Causes Uveitis? [PAR] Uveitis is caused by inflammatory responses inside the eye. [PAR] Inflammation is the body\u2019s natural response to tissue damage, germs, or toxins. It produces swelling, redness, heat, and destroys tissues as certain white blood cells rush to the affected part of the body to contain or eliminate the insult. [PAR] Uveitis may be caused by: [PAR] An attack from the body\u2019s own immune system (autoimmunity). [PAR] Infections or tumors occurring within the eye or in other parts of the body. [PAR] Bruises to the eye. [PAR] Toxins that may penetrate the eye. [PAR] The disease will cause symptoms, such as decreased vision, pain, light sensitivity, and increased floaters. In many cases the cause is unknown. [PAR] Uveitis is usually classified by where it occurs in the eye. [PAR] What is Anterior Uveitis? [PAR] Anterior uveitis occurs in the front of the eye. It is the most common form of uveitis, predominantly occurring in young and middle-aged people. Many cases occur in healthy people and may only affect one eye but some are associated with rheumatologic, skin, gastrointestinal, lung and infectious diseases. [PAR] What is Intermediate Uveitis? [PAR] Intermediate uveitis is commonly seen in young adults. The center of the inflammation often appears in the vitreous (see diagram). It has been linked to several disorders including, sarcoidosis and multiple sclerosis. [PAR] What is Posterior Uveitis? [PAR] Posterior uveitis is the least common form of uveitis. It primarily occurs in the back of the eye, often involving both the retina and the choroid. It is often called choroditis or chorioretinitis. There are many infectious and non-infectious causes to posterior uveitis. [PAR] What is Pan-Uveitis? [PAR] Pan-uveitis is a term used when all three major parts of the eye are affected by inflammation. Behcet\u2019s disease is one of the most well-known forms of pan-uveitis and it greatly damages the retina. [PAR] Intermediate, posterior, and pan-uveitis are the most severe and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NLS/BPH: Minibibliographies, The Horatio Hornblower Series ... NLS/BPH: Minibibliographies, The Horatio Hornblower Series by C.S. Forester [PAR] Home > Bibliographies > Minibibliographies > The Horatio Hornblower Series by C.S. Forester [PAR] NLS Minibibliographies [PAR] The Horatio Hornblower Series by C.S. Forester [PAR] Content last modified December 2014 [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In 1927, C.S. Forester purchased three volumes of The Naval Chronicle from 1790 to 1820. For the Chronicle, officers of the Royal Navy wrote articles on strategy, seamanship, gunnery, and other professional topics of interest to their colleagues. The Chronicle for those years covered the wars with Napoleon. Reading these volumes and traveling by freighter from California to Central America allowed the germination of the character Horatio Hornblower as a member of the Royal Navy in the late eighteenth century. By the time Forester's journey brought him home to England, the former medical student-turned-writer had plotted Beat to Quarters, and it was published in 1937. A Ship of the Line and Flying Colours were published soon after, and in 1939 all three appeared as Captain Horatio Hornblower. [PAR] Forester's interest in the Romantic period and the political and military maneuvers of the early 1800s continued, and the Hornblower saga was produced. Subsequent volumes in the series were sequels to the original trilogy or filled in its gaps. The episodic quality of the novels is due partly to their having appeared serially in magazines, primarily the Saturday Evening Post. [PAR] Most of the books were written around the time of World War II, which influenced Forester to concentrate on strong military leaders and heroic deeds in the earlier world war he described. Hornblower's complexity has endeared him to readers. He is cynical but compassionate, courageous but not without fear. Self-conscious and socially unconfident, his marriage is a mismatch, and he finds himself in love with the Duke of Wellington's sister. Above all he is a consummate seaman, deserving of the loyalty of his men. [PAR] The achievement of Forester, who led a quiet, contemplative life and suffered from serious illness, was that in conjuring up person, period, and place--rousing sea battles, eventual shore life, England, France, Central America--he made it easy for readers to believe they were there. In England, Beat to Quarters was published as The Happy Return. Captain Horatio Hornblower appeared as a motion picture in 1951. [PAR] Following are the books of the Horatio Hornblower series in the order in which they should be read according to the Fiction Catalog, Twelfth Edition, 1991. Dates are the original dates of publication. All of the books listed are available from NLS network library collections. [PAR] Mr. Midshipman Hornblower [PAR] The early career of Horatio Hornblower of the British Royal Navy is traced in a series of adventurous episodes. They illustrate the quick thinking, brilliant intuition, and decisiveness characteristic of our hero and leave him with the rank of lieutenant. 1950 [PAR] DB 26915 [PAR] Commander Hornblower marries Maria in England and soon afterward sails for duty off the French coast. War breaks out with France, involving Hornblower in a land raid and in several sea battles. 1962 [PAR] DB 46118 [PAR] Hornblower during the Crisis, and Two Stories: \"Hornblower's Temptation\" and \"The Last Encounter\" [PAR] Hornblower receives a promotion to captain and is relieved of his command of the Hotspur in this last-to-be-written and incomplete novel. When the new captain is court-martialed, Horatio is asked to testify. In \"Hornblower's Temptation,\" which takes place before the events in Lieutenant Hornblower, an Irishman condemned to die wants Hornblower to undertake an apparently innocuous assignment. \"The Last Encounter,\" truly the end"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Causes, Characteristics and Solutions for Cribbing Causes, Characteristics and Solutions for Cribbing [PAR] By Katherine Blocksdorf [PAR] Updated September 22, 2016. [PAR] Whether called cribbing, crib biting, wind sucking, or aerophagia, this is a destructive habit in horses caused by boredom and stress and possibly stomach acidity that can lead to equine ulcers . Once the habit is learned there is no sure remedy for breaking it despite what you may read on websites selling herbs and gear. If you have a cribber, it\u2019s certainly worth trying different things to try and control the habit, but at best, \u2018curing\u2019 a cribber is hit and miss. You probably won\u2019t be able to stop a horse from cribbing in every situation. And, even if you do control it well, and then sell the horse, it many start cribbing gain in its new home. So, if you\u2019re selling a cribber, you must tell the new owner that the horse has this vice . And, it\u2019s important to remember that because a horse cribs it\u2019s misbehaving. Like any addict, a cribber needs help controlling itself. [PAR] Foals can learn to crib from their mothers and young horses may learn it from others. [PAR] Before you buy a horse, pony, donkey or mule that cribs make sure you are willing to deal with the damage to fences, trees, and stables and cope with the possible health risks that may come with cribbing. [PAR] How do I cope with a horse that cribs? [PAR] There is no 100% sure way to stop cribbing, beyond surgery, but there are ways to cope. Here are some suggestions that have been tried by many people who have cribbers. [PAR] If you are planning to buy a horse, you will probably want to avoid a cribber. If a horse is a cribber, it may actually be illegal to sell a horse and not disclose it is as cribber beforehand. Even if it is not illegal where you are, it is certainly unethical. Asking if the horse has any vices should be on your list of questions for the owner of any horse you are considering buying. If you do buy a cribber, be prepared to deal with the habit for the time you own the horse . Without drastic measures, such a surgery, a cribber will continue being a cribber for its entire life. By trying enough different methods of control, however, you may be able to manage the habit so that it\u2019s not destructive to the horse\u2019s home or itself."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] President Obama's New Marine One Helicopter President Obama's New Marine One Helicopter [PAR] Tools & Gear [PAR] President Obama's New Marine One Helicopter [PAR] President Obama is scheduled to receive a new Marine One helicopter sometime in late 2009. Now seven years into development, the Lockheed Martin VH-71 is outfitted with state-of-the-art defensive measures, secure communications, and crash survivability fuselage design. On-board encrypted videoconferencing capabilities will now allow the President to hold virtual meetings with military advisors, senior politicians, and other world leaders. [PAR] Though the full-spectrum of security features is not being publicly disseminated, a general overview of some key features has been released. The new Marine One helicopter will feature the latest in radar warning receivers, incoming laser detection, and counter-measures to help evade a surface-to-air or air-to-air missile attack. [PAR] The new VH-71 Marine One helicopter is 64 feet long. It is outfitted to carry 14 passengers and has a galley kitchen and a lavatory. The new helicopter has a range of 350 miles. By contrast, the old Sikorsky Sea Kings can only transport 10 passengers over a range of just 100 miles. [PAR] A total of 28 of the Lockheed VH-71 helicopters will be phased in over a 10 year period to replace the President\u0092s current 19 helicopter fleet that is comprised of Sikorsky VH-3D Sea Kings and VH-60N Black Hawks. The Sea King is the helicopter model the President has most often been transported in for the last 5 decades. In fact, some of the individual aircraft in the current fleet are over 30 years old. [PAR] The new Marine One helicopter project, being overseen by the U.S. Navy Air Systems Command, has been controversial for a couple of reasons. First of all, each of the helicopters will cost an estimated $400 million dollars, and 28 of them are being built. Secondly, though the helicopters are being manufactured by U.S.-based Lockheed Martin, the aircraft is actually a design sourced from Augusta Westland of the UK. [PAR] The size of the new Marine One project budget is pretty amazing when one puts it into perspective... At $400 million dollars apiece, each helicopter costs more than the President\u0092s Air Force One Boeing 747. The development contract has ballooned from an original cost of $6.2 billion to more than $11 billion. This has happened in spite of the fact that the new Marine One is based upon an existing Augusta Westland EH101 helicopter design that has been in service for several years. Regular EH101 helicopters cost around $60 million dollars each, a mere fraction of the new Presidential helicopter\u0092s price tag. [PAR] Connecticut-based Sikorsky Aircraft has provided helicopters to American Presidents since 1961. So, it was quite a blow to Sikorsky when they were beaten by the Lockheed Martin/Augusta Westland team and saw their high-profile relationship with the Whitehouse slip away. But simply, the superior capabilities of the Lockheed/Augusta helicopter was the better match for the unique needs of the current President of the United States.[DOC] [TLE] The President's Travel - Welcome To The White House The President's Travel [PAR] Help Site Map Text Only [PAR] Being President involves a great deal of travel, both within the United States and around the world. And because America's President serves not only as our Nation's Head of State, but also as Commander in Chief, he has many special travel needs. Has the President ever visited your community? If so, he arrived with the help of several members of the Armed Forces who, under the direction of the White House Military Office, helped to make the journey a safe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Francis Drake: Circumnavigation of the World Sir Francis Drake: Circumnavigation of the World [PAR] Sir Francis Drake [PAR] Circumnavigation of the World [PAR] In Dec., 1577, he set out with five ships to raid Spanish holdings on the Pacific coast of the New World. He abandoned two ships in the R\u00edo de la Plata in South America, and, with the remaining three, navigated the Straits of Magellan, the first Englishman to make the passage. A storm drove them far southward; one ship and its crew were destroyed, and another, separated from Drake's vessel, returned to England. [PAR] Drake continued alone in the Golden Hind up the coast of South America, plundered Valparaiso and smaller settlements, cut loose the shipping at Callao, and captured a rich Spanish treasure ship. Armed now with Spanish charts, he continued north along the coast, looking for a possible passage to the Atlantic, feeling it would be unsafe to retrace his course. Sailing possibly as far north as the present state of Washington with no success, he determined to cross the Pacific. [PAR] He returned to San Francisco Bay to repair and provision his ship. He named the region New Albion and took possession of it in the name of Queen Elizabeth I. Then, crossing the Pacific, he visited the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and Java, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at Plymouth on Sept. 26, 1580, bearing treasure of extremely high value. Elizabeth endeavored for a time to justify Drake's conduct to Spain, but, failing to satisfy the Spanish, she finally abandoned all pretense and openly recognized Drake's exploits by knighting him aboard the Golden Hind. [PAR] Sections in this article:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are three capital cities that sit on or near the equator? What are three capital cities that sit on or near the equator? | Reference.com [PAR] What are three capital cities that sit on or near the equator? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Three capital cities that sit on or near the equator are Quito, Ecuador; Nairobi, Kenya and Kuala Lampur, Malaysia. Quito is located only 15 miles from the equator. Kuala Lampur is located just north of the equator, and Nairobi's proximity earned it the nickname \"Green City in the Sun.\" [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Quito is a city of over 2 million, as of 2015. The city experiences a spring climate for much of the year. [PAR] Nairobi is the largest city in Kenya. It experiences two rainy seasons and a temperate climate, due to its location at 5,889 feet above sea level. [PAR] Kuala Lampur is located on the peninsular portion of Malaysia, along the west coast. Its climate tends to be hot and humid."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20 Highest Mountain Peaks in the United States - Geography 20 Highest Mountain Peaks in the United States [PAR] By Amanda Briney [PAR] Updated October 02, 2016. [PAR] The following is a list of the top 20 highest peaks in the United States. Notice that the highest point in the United States is Mt. McKinley in Alaska and the highest point in the contiguous (lower) 48 states is Mt. Whitney in California. [PAR] (For reference, the state and mountain range in which the peak is located is included below.) [PAR] 1) Mount McKinley (Denali): 20,320 feet (6,194 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] 2) Mount Saint Elias: 18,008 feet (5,489 m) [PAR] \u2022 States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory [PAR] \u2022 Range: Saint Elias Mountains [PAR] 3) Mount Foraker: 17,400 feet (5,304 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] 4) Mount Bona: 16,550 feet (5,044 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] 5) Mount Blackburn: 16,390 feet (4,996 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] 6) Mount Sanford: 16,237 feet (4,949 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] \u2022 States: Alaska and British Columbia [PAR] \u2022 Range: Saint Elias Mountains [PAR] 8) Mount Hubbard - 14,950 feet (4,557 m) [PAR] \u2022 States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory [PAR] \u2022 Range: Saint Elias Mountains [PAR] 9) Mount Bear: 14,831 feet (4,520 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] 10) Mount Hunter: 14,573 feet (4,442 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] 11) Mount Whitney: 14,505 feet (4,421 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: California [PAR] 12) Mount Alverstone: 14,500 feet (4,420 m) [PAR] \u2022 States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory [PAR] \u2022 Range: Saint Elias Mountains [PAR] 13) University Peak: 14,470 feet (4,410 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Alaska [PAR] 14) Mount Elbert: 14,440 feet (4,401 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Colorado [PAR] 15) Mount Massive: 14,428 feet (4,398 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Colorado [PAR] 16) Mount Harvard: 14,427 feet (4,397 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Colorado [PAR] 17) Mount Rainier: 14,417 feet (4,394 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Washington [PAR] 18) Mount Williamson: 14,389 feet (4,386 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: California [PAR] 19) La Plata Peak: 14,368 feet (4,379 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Colorado [PAR] 20) Blanca Peak: 14,351 feet (4,374 m) [PAR] \u2022 State: Colorado [PAR] \u2022 Range: Sangre de Cristo Range [PAR] Reference [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] (10 May 2010). Table of the Highest Major Summits of the United States - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_the_highest_major_summits_of_the_United_States#cite_note-N_Mount_Harvard-31[DOC] [TLE] The Seven Biggest Mountains in the U.S. | USA Today The Seven Biggest Mountains in the U.S. | USA Today [PAR] The Seven Biggest Mountains in the U.S. [PAR] Mount McKinley in Alaska is the tallest mountain in the United States. [PAR] (Photo: NA/AbleStock.com/Getty Images ) [PAR] Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range [PAR] The seven tallest mountains in the United States are all contained within a single state -- Alaska. In fact, the highest point in the continental United States, Mount Whitney in California, is exceeded in height by 16 Alaskan mountains. All seven mountains tower higher than 14,000 feet. Interestingly, although Alaska has the tallest peaks, Colorado is the state with the largest number of summits higher than 14,000 feet. [PAR] Mount McKinley [PAR] Mount McKinley is the highest point in North America, rising 20,320 feet above sea level. By some measurements, it is the third highest peak in the world. Mount McKinley, named after President William McKinley, is also sometimes known -- especially locally -- by its Athabaskan name of Denali. It is the centerpiece of Denali National Park north of Anchorage. [PAR] Mount"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Longest Rivers - Geoscience Australia Longest Rivers - Geoscience Australia [PAR] Longest Rivers [PAR] Landforms from Space [PAR] Longest Rivers [PAR] The lengths of the 10 longest rivers in Australia were re-calculated in September 2008 by Geoscience Australia using data from the National Topographic Database. The calculations confirmed that Australia's longest single river is the River Murray at 2508 kilometres. However, if the longest tributaries of the Darling River, the Culgoa, Balonne and Condamine, are taken into account its total length increases to 2740 kilometres, making it Australia's longest waterway. [PAR] The National Topographic Database is a nationally consistent dataset containing a range of topographic features, such as relief and drainage, which has been captured and maintained at a scale of 1:250 000 for the whole of Australia. Use of the database to digitally calculate the longest rivers has resulted in more precise estimates than those available previously. River names in the database are acquired from the place names authorities in each Australian State and Territory or other authoritative sources such as the Murray-Darling Basin Authority . [PAR] The use of official names only for the latest calculations has resulted in significant differences from earlier calculations. For example, the 1545 kilometre length of the Darling River is based solely on those river sections called Darling River in the database. Separately named tributaries have not been included because they are not strictly part of the officially named Darling River. As a result, the Darling River is now apparently shorter than previously stated. However, if its major tributaries, the Culgoa, Balonne and Condamine, are included, its total length increases to 2740 kilometres. [PAR] It is important to note that the new lengths are still only approximations, because they have been measured from a cartographic representation of the rivers, rather than the actual rivers. [PAR] These are the revised top rivers in rank order: [PAR] NAME[DOC] [TLE] What is the Longest River in Australia - Want to Know it What is the Longest River in Australia [PAR] What is the Longest River in Australia [PAR] 02 Sep, 2012 what is [PAR] 0 [PAR] Australia is a island nation and one of the largest countries on Earth in terms of total area. It is also considered to be a continent, although sometimes it is combined with the surrounding islands and called Australasia or Oceania. Most of Australia is considered to be semi arid or desert and parts of the country are virtually devoid of water. Despite this, there are many rivers that run through the country. Let\u2019s find out which of these is the longest. [PAR] What is the longest river in Australia? [PAR] The longest river in Australia is the Murray River, also called River Murray in South Australia. The river is approximately 2,375 km (1,476 mi) long and begins in the Australian Alps, which is the highest mountain range in the country. The river drains to the west and forms the border between the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales before passing into South Australia where it eventually flows into Lake Alexandrina and the Indian Ocean. The largest settlement on the river is the twin cities of Albury and Wodonga with a combined population of approximately 90,000. [PAR] The following is a map of the Murray River: [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] The Murray River is very important to Australia as a source of drinking water and irrigation (much of Australia\u2019s food is grown in the Murray basin). Unfortunately, this has caused a reduction in the water levels of the river and threatens the environment. At the beginning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paris Arc de Triomphe Photo Gallery - globalphotos.org Paris Arc de Triomphe Photo Gallery [PAR] Paris Photo Gallery [PAR] Arc de Triomphe [PAR] Place Charles-de-Gaulle remains for many place de l'Etoile - 12 avenues radiate out from the Arc de Triomphe. The arch was built in honour of Napoleon's victories. At 50 m high and 45 m wide, the rooftop observation deck offers a spectacular view of Paris.[DOC] [TLE] Arc de Triomphe | arch, Paris, France | Britannica.com Arc de Triomphe | arch, Paris, France | Britannica.com [PAR] Arc de Triomphe [PAR] Alternative Title: Arc de Triomphe de l\u2019\u00c9toile [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] list of cities and towns in France [PAR] Arc de Triomphe, in full Arc de Triomphe de l\u2019\u00c9toile, massive triumphal arch in Paris , France , one of the world\u2019s best-known commemorative monuments. It stands at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly called the Place de l\u2019\u00c9toile), the western terminus of the avenue des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es ; just over 1.2 miles (2 km) away, at the eastern terminus, is the Place de la Concorde. Napoleon I commissioned the triumphal arch in 1806\u2014after his great victory at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805)\u2014to celebrate the military achievements of the French armies. The arch , designed by Jean-Fran\u00e7ois-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Chalgrin , is 164 feet (50 metres) high and 148 feet (45 metres) wide. It sits in a circular plaza from which 12 grand avenues radiate, forming a star (\u00e9toile). [PAR] Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France. [PAR] \u00a9 Corbis [PAR] Construction of the arch began in 1806, on August 15, Napoleon\u2019s birthday. Little more than the foundation had been completed by the time of his marriage to the Austrian archduchess Marie-Louise in 1810, so, in honour of her ceremonial entry into Paris, a full-scale depiction of the completed design, created from wood and painted canvas, was erected at the site. That gave Chalgrin the opportunity to see his design in place on the site, and he made some small amendments to it. At the time of his death in 1811, only a small portion of the structure had been completed, and work slowed further after Napoleon\u2019s abdication as emperor and the Bourbon Restoration (1814). Thus, little more was accomplished until the resumption of work was ordered in 1823 by King Louis XVIII , who was motivated by the success of the French invasion of Spain that restored King Ferdinand VII \u2019s power as absolute monarch. The basic structure of the monument was finished by 1831; work was completed in 1836, during the reign of King Louis-Philippe , who opened it officially on July 29. [PAR] The Arc de Triomphe and the Place Charles de Gaulle, Paris. [PAR] John Lamb\u2014Stone/Getty Images [PAR] Amiens Cathedral [PAR] Chalgrin\u2019s design is Neoclassical , inspired in part by the Arch of Titus in the Roman Forum . Decorative high-relief sculptures celebrating military victories of the Revolution and the First Empire were executed on the facades of the arch\u2019s four pedestals by Fran\u00e7ois Rude , Jean-Pierre Cortot, and Antoine Etex. The most famous of those sculptures is Rude\u2019s group Departure of the Volunteers of 1792 (popularly called La Marseillaise). Other surfaces are decorated with the names of hundreds of generals and battles. A stairway of 284 steps reaches from the ground level to the top of the monument; an elevator goes partway up the monument, but from there the top, where an observation deck is located, can only be reached by climbing the remaining steps. One level below the observation deck is a small museum with interactive exhibits on the history of the arch."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Remote Scottish Islands | USA Today Tours of Scottish Islands | USA Today [PAR] Tours of Scottish Islands [PAR] The Shetland Isles are more than halfway between London and the Arctic Circle. [PAR] (Photo: Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images ) [PAR] Rail Travel From Glasgow to Edinburgh [PAR] Scotland is a relatively small country with a total land area slightly smaller than that of Maine. A significant proportion of Scotland's total area, and a large part of the country's total coastline, is found in the many Scottish islands. From the major Scottish cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Inverness or Aberdeen, you can reach Scotland's western or northern isles by joining a group organized tour, arranging a private tour or traveling independently. [PAR] Inner Hebrides [PAR] The Inner Hebrides are an archipelago of islands off the west coast of Scotland, distinguished from the Outer Hebrides by their relative proximity to the Scottish mainland. Tourism is a primary commercial activity on these islands, of which only 36 are inhabited as of March 2011. Some of the larger islands include Coll, Eigg, Islay, Jura, Mull, Skye and Tiree. Organized group tours of the Inner Hebrides are offered by operators based in Oban, Glasgow and Edinburgh. If you prefer to tour independently, the Inner Hebrides can be reached by scheduled ferry from Kintyre, Oban and Mallaig. You can reach Oban by national rail from elsewhere in Scotland or the United Kingdom. [PAR] Outer Hebrides [PAR] The Outer Hebrides, also referred to as the Long Island or the Western Isles, sit to the northwest of the Inner Hebrides and further from the Scottish coast. Fifteen of the islands that make up the Outer Hebrides are inhabited as of March 2011; there are approximately 50 more uninhabited islands of reasonable size. Tourism is an important source of revenue in the Outer Hebrides, as is weaving, fishing and small-scale farming. Visitors can reach the Outer Hebrides on scheduled ferry services from Oban or Ullapool on the mainland or Uig on the Inner Hebrides island of Skye. Some ferries operate only during summer months. Flights are also available between Hebridean islands, and from the Hebrides to the Scottish mainland. The Outer Hebridean island of Barra is the only airport in the world to use a beach as a runway for scheduled flights. Flight times are arranged to depart and arrive in Barra during the hours the beach runway is not underwater. [PAR] St. Kilda [PAR] St. Kilda is a group of islands some 50 miles west of the Outer Hebrides. Until 1930, a community of crofters inhabited the larger of these remote islands. As of March 2011, the village of St. Kilda is abandoned and the islands are home to massive puffin, guillemot, fulmar and gannet populations. Boat tours to St. Kilda operate from the island of Harris, taking approximately three hours to make the 50-mile journey between islands. On St. Kilda, tourists can birdwatch, explore the abandoned village and visit the permanent museum. [PAR] Orkney and Shetland [PAR] Orkney and Shetland are two large inhabited islands to the north of the Scottish mainland. Regular scheduled ferries and flights to Shetland and Orkney depart the northeast Scottish city of Aberdeen. You can join an organized tour to the Northern Isles from Aberdeen, or travel from Edinburgh or Glasgow via group bus and ferry. Independently, you can take a scheduled flight from Aberdeen to Shetland or Orkney with British Airways or using Atlantic Airways' summer service. Orkney and Shetland offer spectacular scenery and wildlife, many miles of coastline and heritage sites including archaeological museums and historical shipwrecks of Scapa Flow."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime Ministers of Great Britain - Historic UK Prime Ministers of Great Britain [PAR] political party [PAR] 1721-42 [PAR] Sir Robert Walpole - Restored confidence in the country following the South Sea Bubble financial crash of 1720. Dominated the political scene during the reigns of George I and George II. George II made Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street. Walpole resigned as a consequence of his perceived mis-handling in dealing with the War of Jenkins' Ear . [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1742-43 [PAR] Earl of Wilmington - Suffering poor health for most of his time as Prime Minister, he died in office. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1743-54 [PAR] Henry Pelham - During his time in the post he oversaw the the British involvement in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744-48, the 1745 Jacobite Rising and the adoption of the Gregorian calender . He died in office. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1754-56 [PAR] Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Assumed the office of Prime Minister just 10 days after the death of his brother Henry Pelham. During the Seven Years' War, he was blamed for the loss of Minorca and was replaced by the Duke of Devonshire. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1756-57 [PAR] William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire - In a government effectively controlled by Pitt the Elder, Devonshire's administration was brought to end following the dismissal of Pitt by the king, it was replaced by the Second Newcastle Ministry. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1757-62 [PAR] Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Returning to office with Pitt the Elder as Southern Secretary, this government helped steer Britain to ultimate victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1762-63 [PAR] John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute - A favourite of George III, he was the first Scot to hold the top office. Unpopular with the 'great unwashed', he introduced a tax on cider in order to help pay for the Seven Years' War. He resigned following fierce criticism of his handling of the peace negotiations. [PAR] Tory [PAR] The Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Viscount Melbourne [PAR] 1828-30 [PAR] Arthur Welleslley, 1st Duke of Wellington - The second Irish-born Prime Minister and second veteran general, perhaps more famous as a soldier of the Napoleonic Wars than a politician. Is said to have commented after his first Cabinet meeting: \u201cAn extraordinary affair. I gave them their orders and they wanted to stay and discuss them.\u201d He introduced the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, removing many of the restrictions on Catholics in the UK. Resigned after a vote of no confidence. [PAR] Tory [PAR] 1830-34 [PAR] Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey - Famous for the blend of tea named after him, his political achievements included the Reform Act of 1832, which started the process of electoral change that we recognise today. His other legacies included the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire and restrictions concerning the employment of children. He resigned after disagreements over his Irish policies. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1834 [PAR] William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - The last Prime Minister to be dismissed by a Sovereign, King William IV. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1834-35 [PAR] Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - At the second time of asking, Peel accepted King William IV\u2019s invitation to form a government. Head of a minority government, he resigned following a number of defeats in Parliament. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1835-41 [PAR] William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - Returning to office for the second time, Melbourne found the new Queen Victoria much more agreeable than William IV. Tutoring the young queen in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The men who tried to kill Queen Victoria | UK | News ... The men who tried to kill Queen Victoria | UK | News | Daily Express [PAR] UK [PAR] The men who tried to kill Queen Victoria [PAR] ON MAY 30, 1842, John Francis came close to making Queen Victoria's reign five years rather than 64. Standing on Constitution Hill with a flintlock pistol, Francis waited for Victoria and Prince Albert to return from a carriage ride through London's parks. [PAR] By Paul Thomas Murphy [PAR] 09:47, Sun, Dec 16, 2012 [PAR] It was his second attempt on the life of the monarch. The day before he had pointed his pistol at the Queen's carriage as she and Albert had made the short trip from Buckingham Palace to the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace. He had hesitated and fled but three people, including Albert, had seen him. The police were now on the alert and so were Victoria and Albert : they boldly decided to ride this day in an attempt to flush him out. [PAR] Their plan worked but not without a hitch. Half an hour before their return, PC William Trounce had spotted Francis but as the Queen's carriage rushed down the hill, Trounce was torn between his desire to show due respect to his monarch and his duty to protect her. [PAR] He opted for loyalty, turned to face the carriage and salute and was deafened as Francis fired at the Queen at close range. [PAR] Related articles [PAR] Jenna Coleman admits it was 'impossible' to turn down Victoria role [PAR] He thrust his pistol into her face but faithful servant John Brown knocked it to the ground [PAR] Such was the lax state of royal security during Victoria's reign . A detail of the Metropolitan Police followed her wherever she went and her Prime Ministers and Home Secretaries added to that detail as a response to any threat but it was she who decided when and how she would travel. [PAR] The day Francis shot at her, the decision to ride was hers, as was the decision to ride the next day among a crowd of thousands clamouring to congratulate her. [PAR] Between the first attempt on her life in 1840 and the last in 1882, Victoria refused to let her assailants cow her and opted to find her greatest security among her people. [PAR] HULTON ROYALS COLLECTION [PAR] Threats to the safety of our monarchy are sadly nothing new [PAR] Though her decisions might seem to us dangerous, foolhardy even, and run counter to every tenet of royal security today they ultimately served Victoria well, as she converted seven near-tragedies into triumphs. In the wake of each attempt on her life the public rose up to demonstrate its loyalty and affection. [PAR] Edward Oxford, pictured above, was the first: an unemployed barman who dreamt of a career as an Admiral in the Royal Navy. In June 1840, frustrated that the world did not recognise his greatness he confronted Victoria and Albert on Constitution Hill armed with two flashy duelling pistols. [PAR] Victoria was four months pregnant with their first child. Had either of Oxford's shots killed the Queen the German Saxe-Coburg and Gotha line would have been erased but he missed and she rode on. [PAR] Queen Victoria in pictures [PAR] Thu, October 13, 2016 [PAR] Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) was Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II's dresses on display at Buckingham Palace [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bleriot XI World's Oldest Flying Aeroplane - YouTube Bleriot XI World's Oldest Flying Aeroplane - YouTube [PAR] Bleriot XI World's Oldest Flying Aeroplane [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 28, 2011 [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2011 Malcolm Auld [PAR] This video and audio material may not be used in any form without written permission. [PAR] The Bleriot XI was the first of Louis Bleriot's aircraft designs to be wholly successful. He proved exactly how successful a machine it was by several cross-country flights before thinking about attempting to cross the channel. Soon after 04:30 on Sunday 25 July 1909 Louis Bleriot took off from the French coast and forty minutes later he crash-landed near Dover Castle, to become the first person to cross the English Channel in an aeroplane. Following this success, Bleriot's monoplanes sold well and many flying schools adopted them as standard trainers. They were used in races and competitions and even in military roles. A Bleriot with the more powerful 50hp Gnome rotary engine was used for the first aerial post from Hendon to Windsor in September 1911. Today, the Bleriot is still popular as many Bleriot replicas are flying, some powered by original engines, others powered by more modern engines. Basically similar to the machine used for the Channel crossing, this machine (constructor's No.14) was one of the original aircraft at the Bleriot School at Hendon in 1910. It crashed in 1912, was stored under Blackfriars railway bridge and acquired by A.E. Grimmer who rebuilt and flew it. Richard Shuttleworth obtained it in 1935 as his first historic aeroplane. Richard demonstrated the Bleriot at RAeS garden parties in 1937, 38 and 39. It has also been seen at several Farnborough airshows and was present at the Farnborough 2000 event. Today, the Bleriot is restricted to straight hops across the aerodrome. However it is the world's oldest aeroplane with the earliest aero-engine in flying condition. Height: 8ft 5in Length: 25ft Wingspan: 29ft Engine: one 24hp Anzani fan [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King George II Was The Last Monarch To Lead His Men Into ... King George II Was The Last Monarch To Lead His Men Into Battle | Historic Royal Palaces [PAR] George II made Kensington Palace the centre of his court life [PAR] George II fell out with both his father and his son [PAR] He was the last monarch to lead his troops into battle in 1743 at the Battle of Dettingen [PAR] George II at the palaces [PAR] As Prince of Wales, George felt that he was unfairly treated by his father \u2013 not given enough money and not entrusted with the regency when his father returned to Hanover. Relations between father and son were so sour that George and his wife Caroline were thrown out of court by George I and even, for a time, kept from their own children. In retaliation, they set up their own rival court filled with opposition politicians. [PAR] History was doomed to repeat itself. After George became King in 1727 (Handel\u2019s Zadok the Priest was composed for his Coronation), George and Caroline\u2019s glamorous son, Prince Frederick, arrived in England and in turn became embroiled in a battle of wills with his parents; he was eventually banished from court in 1737. [PAR] In the first ten years of George II\u2019s reign, Kensington Palace was the glittering centre of court life where politicians, intellectuals and fashionable people vied for favour. George and Caroline used Hampton Court Palace regularly after their accession in 1727, especially during the summer when the palace would be alive with the flirtations, scheming and bickering of courtiers. [PAR] George II had many mistresses, most notably Henrietta Howard, one of his queen\u2019s closest ladies-in-waiting who were known as Women of the Bedchamber. However, George was devoted to his wife and was devastated by her death in 1737. She had promoted writers, poets and philosophers and court life under her auspices was glamorous and engaging. [PAR] After Caroline\u2019s death, the bright and fashionable crowd was gradually replaced by a homely, ageing court residing in Kensington Palace which was by now half shut up and George increasingly focussed on his obsessive love of all things military. [PAR] Earlier in his reign, George proved himself a good leader in battle and was the last British king to lead his troops into battle. Despite Kensington\u2019s decline, it remained one of George\u2019s favourite palaces right up until his death in 1760. [PAR] George II's grandson, George III , was the next monarch after Prince Frederick died in 1751 without ever repairing his relationship with his father. [PAR] George II, German School, (c.1735 - 40) Royal Collection Trust \u00a9 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2014 [PAR] George II on horseback (Battle of Dettingen) \u00a9 National Army Museum / The Bridgeman Art Library [PAR] You may also be interested in...[DOC] [TLE] George II: The Last British Monarch To Lead His Troops In ... Read: The British Warship That Nearly Sparked A War With America [PAR] At Dettingen, in what is now Germany's Bavaria, the British king astride his horse personally led his soldiers onto the field of battle - the last time such an event occurred. [PAR] Perhaps more importantly George's 'Pragmatic Army' won the encounter and defeated the French. If he had lost in all likelihood the British monarch would have become the prisoner of France's Louis XV. [PAR] Success came in part from the likes of The Royal Scots Fusiliers , whose commander Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw ordered his regiment not to fire until they could see the whites of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Gold - City of London Police Olympic Gold [PAR] Olympic Gold [PAR] [PAR] Olympic Gold [PAR] \u200b\u200bThe City of London Police struck gold for Great Britain in the 1908 Olympic Games held in the purpose-built stadium at The White City, Shepherd's Bush. These were the first Olympics to see the now traditional gold, silver and bronze medal awards. [PAR] The medals won by the City Police, came from three events \u2013 the Tug-of-War (gold) heavyweight boxing (gold) and heavyweight wrestling (bronze). [PAR] The Tug-of-War was an Olympic sport for only six games. Few people know that the City of London Police team won the competition in 1908, provided half of the joint City and Metropolitan team that won silver in 1912 (Stockholm) and again won gold in 1920 in Antwerp. Three City Policemen were in all three Olympics, thereby winning two gold and one silver medal each. Great Britain fielded three Tug-of-War teams in 1908. Great Britain I was the City of London Police team; Great Britain II was drawn from the Liverpool City Police; and Great Britain III was made up of policemen from the Metropolitan K Division. Teams were entered by the United States, Sweden, Greece and Germany. [PAR] \u200bThe Times of 18 July 1908 reported that the Great Britain II team (the Liverpool Police) beat the USA in the first pull of their competition. The Americans then objected to the Liverpool team's boots. When the objection was overruled, they retired from the competition. The Liverpool team then went on to beat the Swedes by two pulls to none. [PAR] The Greek and German teams having scratched and the City Police having beaten K Division Metropolitan (by two pulls to one) the final was between Great Britain I and Great Britain II. Team I \u2013 the City of London Police \u2013 was victorious. [PAR] The Swedes joined the Greek and German teams in scratching from the competition, leaving Metropolitan K Division with the bronze medal. [PAR] The winning City team offered to compete against their American rivals in bare feet. The offer was declined! [PAR] The City Police jointly with the Metropolitan Police won silver to the Swedish Police team's gold in 1912. In 1920, the City Police again fielded Great Britain's team and were victorious, not losing one single pull during the competition. [PAR] As Tug-of-War has not featured as an Olympic event since 1920, the City of London Police remain reigning champions! [PAR] In every modern Olympic Games the City of London Police has had a representative. In 2000, Pc Kate Mackenzie represented Britain in the Rowing Ladies 8's. This was her second Olympics.\u200b [PAR] Share this [PAR] Last updated 18 November 2013 [PAR] You are here:[DOC] [TLE] Tug-Of-War at the 1908 London Summer Games: Men's Tug-Of ... Tug-Of-War at the 1908 London Summer Games: Men's Tug-Of-War | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Great Britain -3 [PAR] Summary [PAR] There were seven teams entered but Germany and Greece scratched. Three teams of British policemen then competed against teams from the United States and Sweden in what was a very controversial competition. In the first round the Liverpool Police team pulled the U.S. team \"in a rush,\" winning easily, with the Daily Graphic noting, \"The United States remained as competitors for the shortest time on record. The Liverpool Police pulled them over the line almost as soon as they threw their weight on the rope.\" [PAR] The Americans then protested, claiming that the British were wearing illegal boots. The Liverpool team offered to pull again in barefeet but the American team, which was comprised of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Woman Who Saved Bonnie Prince Charlie | Lady Budd The Woman Who Saved Bonnie Prince Charlie \u2013 Lady Budd [PAR] Bonnie Prince Charlie , Flora MacDonald 29 Comments Bonnie Prince Charlie Flora MacDonald [PAR] The Woman Who Saved Bonnie Prince Charlie [PAR] \u201c\u2026a name that will be mentioned in history, and if courage and fidelity be virtues, mentioned with honour.\u201d [PAR] Engraved on Flora MacDonald\u2019s memorial at Kilmuir [PAR] Bonnie Prince Charlie Monument, Glenfinnan, Scotland [PAR] Fionnghal NicDh\u00f2mhnaill was her Gaelic name, but most will know her as Flora MacDonald. She lost her father, Ranald MacDonald, at a young age and saw her mother abducted by and married to Hugh MacDonald of Armadale, Skye. From that moment on she was under the care of the chief of her clan, The MacDonalds of Clanranald. [PAR] June 1746, Flora was 24 years old and living on the island of Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides. As fate would decree, she was in the right place, at the right time for the right reason. Bonnie Prince Charlie took refuge on that very island after the disastrous Battle of Culloden. The Hanoverian government had a firm control of the local militia, but the MacDonalds were secret supporters of the Jacobite cause. Captain O\u2019Neill, the prince\u2019s companion, asked for Flora\u2019s assistance. [PAR] The escape was simple, yet brilliant. Flora\u2019s stepfather, Hugh MacDonald provided a pass to the mainland for Flora, a manservant, an Irish maid, Betty Burke, and six men to crew a boat. Bonnie Prince Charlie was Betty Burke. They managed to reach Kilbride, on the Isle of Skye where Flora arranged for help in the neighbourhood. The prince escaped, but Flora was arrested and imprisoned for a short time in the Tower of London. [PAR] Flora MacDonald lived to see many adventure on both sides of the Atlantic. Yet, she will always be known, first and foremost, as the woman who saved Bonnie Prince Charlie. [PAR] [PAR] The Skye Boat Song recounts the daring escape of Bonnie Prince Charlie, disguised as an Irish women. [PAR] Speed, bonnie boat, like a bird on the wing [PAR] Onward, the sailors cry!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hunt for the grave of a medieval king: first check the car ... Hunt for the grave of a medieval king: first check the car park - Telegraph [PAR] Archaeology [PAR] Hunt for the grave of a medieval king: first check the car park [PAR] Philippa Langley, who led the search for Richard III\u2019s remains, believes Henry I could also be buried under a car park [PAR] It is thought that the remains of 12th century King Henry I could be located beneath a car park Photo: Alamy [PAR] Follow [PAR] Richard III may not be the only medieval king whose remains ended up beneath a car park, according to the woman who led the search for his grave. [PAR] Researchers looking for the tomb of Henry I on the site of Reading Abbey believe they may discover the king in similar circumstances to those of his descendant. [PAR] Some of the ruins of Reading Abbey remain, such as the chapter house, but archaeologists are trying to plot the exact position of the church. [PAR] Philippa Langley at the Richard III funeral service (PA) [PAR] Henry, who reportedly died of a \u201csurfeit of lampreys\u201d, is recorded to have been buried underneath the high altar \u2014 which may now be below a school car park. [PAR] Philippa Langley, who led the search for Richard\u2019s remains in Leicester, is involved in the project in Reading as well. \u201cThe exact location of Richard III\u2019s remains was unknown, and here too we have a story of a king\u2019s bones possibly being lost,\u201d she told BBC History Magazine. [PAR] Henry founded Reading Abbey in 1121 as a royal mausoleum and his second wife, Adeliza, was also buried there. The abbey was largely destroyed in 1539 during the dissolution of the monasteries. [PAR] One tale suggests that workmen, possibly acting on the instructions of Edward VI, targeted the abbey in the 1550s. They were purportedly hunting for the silver casket in which the king was supposedly buried and his remains were discarded in the process. [PAR] Cadets wheel Richard III's coffin on to the battefield at Bosworth (Reuters) [PAR] Henry, like Richard, is a king afflicted by dark rumours. Just as Richard III was implicated in the murders of his nephews, the Princes in the Tower, Henry took the throne in 1100 after the mysterious death of his brother, William II, in a hunting accident. He also had his eldest brother, Robert, Duke of Normandy, imprisoned for the rest of his life. [PAR] Mrs Langley said that while some historians believed Henry, who died in 1135, was a cruel usurper, \u201cothers see him as an enlightened and educated peacemaker\u201d. She said: \u201cThe people of Reading want to tell this extraordinary story and I want to help to get it out there.\u201d [PAR] The Hidden Abbey Project will carry out Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) research of the area next year and dig test trenches to estimate the site\u2019s archaeological potential. The team hopes that the imaging will reveal sarcophagus burials, including that of the king. [PAR] The ruins of Reading Abbey (Alamy) [PAR] \u201cThere is believed to be a pristine Cluniac abbey layout buried beneath the ground at Reading,\u201d said Mrs Langley. \u201cOne of the main aims of the project is to confirm the exact positioning of the abbey church, as well as its size and structure. Sarcophagus burials tend to show up very clearly in GPR research and potentially we might be able to see several. [PAR] \u201cWhat\u2019s really exciting is that we know that Henry was buried in front of the high altar, with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Desiree Seed Potatoes and Plants, Vegetable Gardening at ... Desiree Seed Potatoes and Plants, Vegetable Gardening at HeirloomSolutions.com [PAR] Description [PAR] [PAR] Introduced from The Netherlands in 1962. In our garden, this is a must each year. The best red skinned, golden fleshed potato available. Moist creamy texture, an excellent choice for a general use potato. [PAR] Heirloom Solutions reserves the right to substitute a similar variety in the event of a crop failure. [PAR] More Information [PAR] Ready to pick in 95 to 100 days [PAR] Related Items"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] They Call It 'Noble Rot' Wine (Botrytis) | Wine Folly They Call It 'Noble Rot' Wine (Botrytis) | Wine Folly [PAR] When a vineyard full of rotting [PAR] grapes is a good thing. [PAR] \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 or botrytis is a type of fungus that shrivels and decays wine grapes. Why would winemakers cross their fingers for rotting grapes? Well, there are a couple of amazing things that happen, but first, let\u2019s find out what \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 is all about. [PAR] \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 (aka Botrytis cinerea) is a type of Ascomycota within the Funghi kingdom. Other ascomycetes include the antibiotic penicillin, Stilton blue cheese and the fungus responsible for athelete\u2019s foot. Botrytis cinerea can occur on fruits, vegetables and flowers \u2013imagine a moldy strawberry. However with wine, it\u2019s considered a good thing. Wines such as Sauternes from Bordeaux; Tokaji Aszu from Hungary, and Sp\u00e4tlese level German Riesling all are made from \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 grapes. [PAR] [PAR] \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 on some Oraniensteiner grapes (rare cross of Riesling x Sylvaner) in British Columbia at Stoneboat [PAR] What Does \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 Do? [PAR] \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 basically does two things to wine: it intensifies the sweetness level and adds flavor complexity. [PAR] Intensifies Sweetness \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 causes grapes to dehydrate while maintaining the sugar levels. More wine grapes are needed to make the same amount of juice and thus the juice has higher sugar content. Dessert wines made from Noble Rot grapes are more viscous and sweeter, some even have higher alcohol content. [PAR] Adds Flavor Sommeliers often use the words \u201choney,\u201d \u201cbeeswax\u201d and \u201cginger\u201d to describe the flavors that botrytis adds to wine. This could be because Noble Rot wines often have higher levels of a special aroma compound called phenylacetaldehyde. This compound is also commonly found in buckwheat and milk chocolate. [PAR] Try Sp\u00e4tlese Riesling [PAR] It\u2019s common fir Sp\u00e4tlese (aka \u2018late harvest\u2019) German Riesling to be made with botrytis grapes. [PAR] [PAR] famous \u2018black mold\u2019 in a wine cellar in Hungary. by Koritar Henriett [PAR] A Long History of Mold and Wine [PAR] Winemakers have struggled long and hard to battle mold in their vineyards and cellars. There is Powdery Mildew, a mold that affects vineyards. Cork Taint is caused by airborne funghi that come in contact with chlorophenol compounds. And finally Black Mold, a relatively harmless but ugly funghi that inhabits dank cellars throughout Europe. [PAR] Profile on a \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 Wine [PAR] We contacted Tim Martiniuk (his grapes are pictured above) from Stoneboat Vineyards in British Columbia about his wine Verglas. It\u2019s a wine that could be considered both an ice wine and a \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 dessert wine. So naturally we had to know more. Discover how a \u2018Noble Rot\u2019 wine comes to be. [PAR] Where does Noble Rot happen in your vineyards? [PAR] Noble rot tends to happen in the portions of the vineyard that are closer to the river. On cool fall mornings, mist from the Okanagan river drifts from the vineyard and condenses on the berries, which can encourage botrytis. It can occur anywhere in the vineyard depending on how wet a year is, but we manage blocks of other varietals differently to prevent the [mold] from developing. [PAR] Tell me about your dessert wine Verglas [PAR] The Verglas, our dessert wine, is both botrytis affected and an ice wine. Botrytis tends to bring about greater concentrations of dried fruit, caramel and honeyed characters, whereas non-botrytis affected ice wines can be more fresh fruit driven. We\u2019ve found that in years when we have less botrytis in the dessert wine crop the resulting wine tends to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography of Giant Panda - online.sfsu.edu Biography of Giant Panda [PAR] [PAR] Map 2. Source: The First Pandas [PAR] In November 1928, Kermit and Theodore Roosevelt, with the political support from their father, President Theodore Roosevelt, traveled to China for giant panda hunting. They successfully killed a giant panda on 23 April 1929. In the 1930s, the Western expeditions\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd goal was to capture a live giant panda and ship it to a zoo instead of to shoot one. In September 1934, Harvard graduate William H Harkness Jr. began his trip to China for a live giant panda, forbidding his newly-wed Ruth Harkness, to come with him. But he died in 1936 before he could see any giant panda alive. It was Ruth who gained fame by bringing a live giant panda to the United States. Ruth went to China in less than a year after her husband\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds death. With luck she easily brought a baby giant panda, Su Lin, back to the United States, and her book The lady and the Panda published in 1938 became a best seller. (Catton 1990) [PAR] Fossil records of the giant panda are found throughout China. The oldest ones dated back about three million years ago with no specific ancestors. It is believed that there were two giant panda species living during the Pleistocene with one species about half the size of the current ones date from the early Pleistocene and the other species indistinguishable from the current ones date from the Mid-Pleistocene. Fossil records indicate that both species ranged over China but the Yellow River and Yangtze River lowlands (the eastern plains of China). See map 3. The lack of fossils in these regions maybe due to the poor fossilization in the alluvial plains rather than the absence of the animals. These fossils were found at forty-eight sites in fourteen provinces in China. Some were found in Vietnam and in one site in Burma. Almost all the fossils date from the Pleistocene era. These records also show that these species used to have a much wider distribution than the one of today. It maybe due to the warmer and wetter climate during the Late Pleistocene period that was more favorable to the animals and the bamboo. Also, population expansion is thought to be one of the reasons that accounts for the decrease in the giant pandas\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd distribution. (Laidler 1992) [PAR] Map 3. Source: The Last Panda [PAR] It has been debated that whether the giant pandas belong to the bear family, the raccoon family, or another family including only the giant pandas and the lesser pandas (the red pandas). Yet that to which family the giant pandas belong remains a mystery. Although today\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds giant pandas feed almost completely on bamboo, they are in fact carnivores. Carnivores\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd ancestors are miacids that is small weasel-like, forest-dwelling animals. About thirty-five million years ago, some of the miacids developed into the earliest dogs, the canids. The canids further branched off to evolved into different animals. About twenty-five million years ago, some of the canids \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddiverged away from chasing and killing prey to\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd procyonids, the early ancestors of the raccoons that originated in North American and spread to South America. Another branch of procyonids that were the ancestors of the lesser pandas spread to the Himalayan region. Several million years after these procyonids evolved into these animals, some other canids began to evolve into much larger animals that they became the bears. They originated in the Northern Hemisphere and spread southward to southern Asia and South America except Africa. (Collins 1973) See figure 1. [PAR] Figure"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Body Organ Is Affected By Hepatitis - Doctor answers ... What Body Organ Is Affected By Hepatitis - Doctor answers on HealthTap [PAR] Dr. Ralph Layman Dr. Layman [PAR] 1 doctor agreed: [PAR] Yes: If you are HBV positive you can donate organs. They are then reserved to be transplanted into indivduals who are also hbv(+). Livers from patients with HBV are routinely biopsied prior to being accepted for transplant . For living donation the answer is a bit more difficult. Most likely no for a partial liver donation and possibly pending a converstion with surgeons and both patients for kidneys. ...Read more[DOC] [TLE] How does hepatitis B affect the body? - Hepatitis - Sharecare How does hepatitis B affect the body? - Hepatitis - Sharecare [PAR] How does hepatitis B affect the body? [PAR] Topics | Infectious Disease | Hepatitis | How does hepatitis B affect the body? [PAR] A Answers (1) [PAR] A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered [PAR] Chronic hepatitis B affects the health of the liver, causing long-term inflammation (more than six months) of the liver. Symptoms can subside; however, chronic inflammation can lead to liver failure or liver cancer. In some cases of chronic hepatitis B, patients may need antiviral medications to lessen the effect of the infection of the liver. In severe cases, end-stage liver disease occurs, and a liver transplant may be needed."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mouflon - definition of mouflon by The Free Dictionary Mouflon - definition of mouflon by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Mouflon - definition of mouflon by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mouflon [PAR] also mouf\u00b7flon (mo\u035eof\u2032l\u014fn\u2032) [PAR] n. pl. mouflon or mou\u00b7flons also moufflon or mouf\u00b7flons [PAR] A small wild sheep (Ovis orientalis syn. O. gmelini) native to southwestern Asia and islands of the Mediterranean, having a brown coat and, in the male, a white patch on the back and curved horns. [PAR] [French, alteration of Italian dialectal muvrone, from Late Latin mufr\u014d, mufr\u014dn-.] [PAR] mouflon [PAR] (Animals) a wild short-fleeced mountain sheep, Ovis musimon, of Corsica and Sardinia [PAR] [C18: via French from Corsican mufrone, from Late Latin mufr\u014d] [PAR] mouf\u2022lon [PAR] (\u02c8muf l\u0252n) [PAR] n. [PAR] a wild sheep, Ovis musimon, inhabiting the mountainous regions of Sardinia and Corsica, the male of which has large curving horns. [PAR] [1765\u201375; < French < Italian muflone, orig. dial.; compare Corsican muffolo, Sardinian murone, Late Latin mufr\u014d, s. mufr\u014dn-] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] mountain sheep - any wild sheep inhabiting mountainous regions [PAR] Translations [PAR] mouflon [PAR] [\u02c8mu\u02d0fl\u0252n] n (sheep) \u2192 muflone m [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] org> Painted Desert, Texas Dali, Black Hawaiian, Corsican, Desert Sand, New Mexico Dahl, Multi-horned Hair and Mouflon. [PAR] Vacation fresh [PAR] At Oster Malma Castle and Wildlife Park you can see not only moose but also red deer, fallow deer, roe deer, wild boar and mouflon. [PAR] Retour aujourd'hui en Tunisie [PAR] As I sit here and compose this article I can look around my room and see aoudad, ibex, Merino, Corsican, Black Hawaiian, white Texas dall and mouflon sheep; sika deer plus chocolate, spotted and white fallow deer; black, brown and white Catalina goats; my favorite exotic--the black buck antelope originally from India, and many domestic favorites from Texas, namely whitetail deer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the largest muscle in the human body? | eNotes What is the largest muscle in the human body? | eNotes [PAR] What is the largest muscle in the human body? [PAR] dano7744 | College Teacher | (Level 2) Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] May 22, 2010 at 10:56 AM [PAR] The gluteal muscles are largest. The gluteus minimus and maximus comprise this group. They are your buttocks. A very close second is the bilateral latissimus dorsi muscles which are your \"lats\". They run more than half way up your back and wrap around laterally (the sides). They connect distally in the hip or coxal area. The gluteals are indeed much thicker and have more mass. Another large muscle group is the adductor group on the anterior thigh and also the quadriceps group which is also on your anterior thigh(front thigh). As you can imagine, the muscles of the legs are very strong inpart because they help to support your weight. The masseter muscles of the bilateral jaws are also very strong, and the strongest of all. [PAR] like 5 dislike 0 [PAR] discussion | College Teacher | (Level 1) Assistant Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] May 18, 2010 at 1:18 AM [PAR] According to most online sources, the gluteus maximus or buttock muscle is the biggest of the 639 named muscles in the human body. [PAR] The longest muscle in the human body is the sartorius. This narrow muscle of the thigh passes obliquely across the front of the thigh and helps rotate the leg to the position assumed in sitting cross-legged. [PAR] The strongest muscle depends on how you measure strength. A good case could be made for the heart! [PAR] Information from ehow.com: [PAR] In terms of absolute force, the strongest muscle in the body is the masseter, the prime mover of the jaw for chewing. It can create force of 55 lbs. on the incisors or 200 lbs. on the molars. [PAR] The hardest-working muscle in the body is the heart. It pumps 2 oz. blood at every heartbeat, at least 2,500 gallons daily. [PAR] The muscle that can pull with the greatest force is the soleus, underneath the calf muscle. It is this muscle that keeps us from falling backward while standing up, and it is essential to running, walking and dancing. [PAR] The largest muscle in the body is also one of the strongest--the gluteus maximus. This large muscle in the buttocks keeps us standing upright and fights against gravity when we walk up stairs. [PAR] The most flexible muscle is the tongue, which can take many shapes and also is always moving, even in sleep. [PAR] The most active of muscles is the eye muscles. Muscles of the eye are constantly moving. In an hour's worth of reading, they can move 10,000 times. Unlike the heart, however, eye muscles can get fatigued easily. [PAR] like 8 dislike 1 [PAR] August 2, 2012 at 7:03 AM [PAR] The gluteus muscle is the largest muscle in the human body. It consists of gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus. it is called asbuttockmuscles. [PAR] Hip region is the most important region in the human structure because human stands on both legs and when he stands this buttock region gives support to the human structure. Also, above the hip region there are so many internal organs (including respiratory, digestive system) which are very important for the human life,to protect these organs and to support them the muscle in the buttock should be very thick and large[DOC] [TLE] Exercises to Reduce the Gluteus Maximus | Healthy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - KS3 Bitesize Science - Acids, bases and metals ... BBC - KS3 Bitesize Science - Acids, bases and metals : Revision, Page 4 [PAR] Acids, bases and metals [PAR] Next [PAR] Indicators and the pH scale [PAR] When an acid is dissolved in water we get an acidic solution, and alkalis make alkaline solutions. If a solution is neither acidic nor alkaline we call it neutral. Pure water is neutral, and so is paraffin. [PAR] Indicators are substances that change colour when they are added to acidic or alkaline solutions. You can prepare homemade indicators from red cabbage or beetroot juice - these will help you see if a solution is acidic or alkaline. [PAR] Litmus and universal indicator are two indicators that are commonly used in the laboratory. [PAR] Litmus [PAR] Litmus indicator solution turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions - and it turns purple in neutral solutions. [PAR] Litmus paper is usually more reliable, and comes as red litmus paper and blue litmus paper. The table shows the colour changes it can make. [PAR] [PAR] Turns blue [PAR] Stays blue [PAR] Notice how we say 'stays red'. This is better than saying 'nothing' or 'stayed the same', because it tells us the colour we actually see. [PAR] Acids turn blue litmus paper red [PAR] Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue [PAR] Universal indicator and the pH scale [PAR] Universal indicator is a mixture of several different indicators. Unlike litmus, universal indicator can show us exactly how strongly acidic or alkaline a solution is. This is measured using the pH scale. The pH scale runs from pH 0 to pH 14. [PAR] Universal indicator has many different colour changes, from red for strong acids to dark purple for strong bases. In the middle, neutral pH 7 is indicated by green. [PAR] Universal indicator shows how acidic or alkaline a solution is [PAR] These are the important points about the pH scale: [PAR] neutral solutions are pH 7 exactly [PAR] acidic solutions have pH values less than 7 [PAR] alkaline solutions have pH values more than 7 [PAR] the closer to pH 0 you go, the more strongly acidic a solution is [PAR] the closer to pH 14 you go, the more strongly alkaline a solution is [PAR] Page[DOC] [TLE] What color does litmus paper turn in acid? | Reference.com What color does litmus paper turn in acid? | Reference.com [PAR] What color does litmus paper turn in acid? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] When blue litmus paper is dipped in an acid, it turns red; when red litmus paper is dipped in an acid, it just appears to get wet. Alkacid paper, which is a universal indicator, turns orange or red when it is reacting to an acid, with a redder color indicating a lower pH and a stronger level of acidity."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Solar System - Planet Distances - Lunar and Planetary ... Pacing Our Solar System for children ages 9\u201313 [PAR] A large outdoor area [PAR] Activity [PAR] Part 2 can be done as an indoor or an outdoor activity. To decide if this works as an outdoor activity, determine how many planets your space accommodates before you start. You do not have to use all the planets, but Mercury to Jupiter should be included to illustrate the scale of our solar system. [PAR] You may be able to modify the outdoor version to fit inside by halving the outdoor scale (of planets and distances) or by using only the inner planets. The activity works best if Mercury to Jupiter are included to illustrate the scale of our solar system. [PAR] The Exploratorium Web site provides a conversion tool that will let you determine the distances between, and sizes of, planets for any given scale in both English and metric units. For example, if you want to use a model in which the Sun is one inch in diameter, the distances to planets and planet sizes relative to a one-inch Sun are calculated (Pluto would be 0.001 inches in diameter and 354 feet away). [PAR] If you are working with children ages 5\u20138, consider having steps 8 and 9 completed before the children begin the activity so that the planets on the dowels are in place. Use the Hopping Across the Solar System sheet. [PAR] If you are working with children ages 9\u201313, use Pacing Our Solar System sheet. [PAR] Table 2. Scaled Distances from Our Sun [PAR] Planet [PAR] (pencil dot on 3 \u00d7 5 card) [PAR] 5,909,600,000 [PAR] 591.0 m [PAR] 7. Ask the children how much space would be needed to position the planets properly at the scale used in Part 1 . How far would Earth be from the Sun? Pluto? [PAR] Estimating is a way to engage the children. Reassure them that this estimate is just guessing and that you are not expecting anyone to know the answer. You may need to remind the children that scale involves showing relationships of size and distance accurately. [PAR] At the scale used in Part 1 , Earth would be about a mile from the Sun and Pluto would be about 36 miles away. Ask the children what they might find about a mile or 36 miles from where they are now. [PAR] 8. Explain that the planets in Part 1 are 100 million times smaller than the actual planets \u2014 it would take 100 million of the Part 1 \"Earths\" placed side-by-side, for example, to equal the actual diameter of Earth. [PAR] To properly space the planets so they fit in a reasonable-sized space, such as a yard or football field, you must further reduce their size by a factor of 100, which is 10 billion times smaller than the actual planets! Show them the cards or plates with dowels with the dots and peppercorns attached, as well as the other objects at this scale. Have children identify the planet each object represents and label the card with the planet's name. [PAR] 9. Go outside and position the \"Sun.\" Provide the Pacing Our Solar System handout to each child. Assign a planet marker to a child (or children, depending on group size) and have the group pace the distance to Mercury, with one long stride being roughly equal to a meter (and a meter is about a yard, or three feet). Have the Mercury child/children remain at the marker. Continue in this fashion until all the markers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The RSPB: Ask an expert: What is the smallest bird of prey? The RSPB: Ask an expert: What is the smallest bird of prey? [PAR] What is the smallest bird of prey? [PAR] What is the smallest bird of prey? [PAR] 12 May 2011 [PAR] Ian Hayward [PAR] Wildlife Adviser [PAR] I've been working at the RSPB as a wildlife adviser since October 2005. I have been a keen naturalist all of my life with a particular interest in birds, insects and animal behaviour. I have a background in Environmental Biology and Environmental Impact Assessment and regularly contribute to bird surveys. Other interests I have include wildlife gardening and birding as well as keeping track with important issues such as climate change and renewable energy. [PAR] Sent in by Patricia Johnston, Belfast [PAR] With more than 280 species worldwide, birds of prey are some of the most awe-inspiring of our feathered friends. The variety in shapes and sizes is huge, with birds like the harpy eagle, Andean condor and Philippine eagle dominating the heavyweight end of the scale. [PAR] However, the lighter end of the scale is equally as impressive, with some tiny birds of prey found across the world. [PAR] In the UK, our smallest bird of prey is the merlin. A member of the falcon family, the merlin measures as little as 26 cm in length, which is roughly the same size as a mistle thrush. The merlin preys upon small birds like meadow pipits in dashing aerial pursuits and is one of the must-see species if you are walking in upland moor habitats at this time of year. [PAR] However, the merlin is a giant when compared to some of the world's smallest raptors. The south-east Asian black-thighed falconet is one of the smallest. It's one of five similar species of the tiny falconet genus and is only 15-17 cm in length, about the same size as a bullfinch! [PAR] This bird mainly targets invertebrate prey, making hunting forays from a prominent perch much in the same way as a flycatcher behaves. However, other small birds need to be alert as even these tiny predators will take birds if the opportunity arises. [PAR] Another tiny bird of prey is the African pygmy-falcon. Found across much of Africa, this species is usually just under 20 cm in length, a touch smaller than a starling. Often nesting in weaverbird colonies, the pygmy falcon catches a range of prey that includes insects and reptiles. [PAR] Contact us [PAR] If you do have have a wildlife-related question you have not been able to find the answer to, please contact us. Click on the link below to go to our Contact Us page.[DOC] [TLE] Birds of Prey in Britain - Loch Lomond Bird of Prey Centre Birds of Prey in Britain [PAR] Birds of Prey in Britain [PAR] Birds of Prey in Britain [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] White-tailed Eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) [PAR] The White-tailed Eagle became extinct in Britain in the early 1900's. A successful re-introduction programme on the west coast of Scotland has seen the numbers rise to over forty breeding pairs. The largest Bird of Prey in Britain, this Eagle will snatch fish from the water. The White-tailed Eagle will also hunt mammals and waterfowl, as well as eating carrion. The White-tailed Eagle builds it's nest on rocky ledges and in large trees. [PAR] [PAR] Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) [PAR] This majestic predator still suffers from persecution by man. Found mainly in the north and west of Scotland. The current breeding population is estimated at just over four hundred"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crosby, Stills, Nash (And Young) (Music) - TV Tropes Crosby, Stills, Nash (And Young) (Music) - TV Tropes [PAR] YMMV [PAR] CSNY during their heyday. [PAR] Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young (or Crosby, Stills and Nash) are a Super Group consisting of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash originally, until they were joined by a fourth member, Neil Young , and eventually became known under this name instead. [PAR] The band came about after David Crosby had left The Byrds due to internal conflict. Around the same time Stephen Stills' old band Buffalo Springfield had split and he was on his own feet too. Graham Nash was a member of The Hollies in those days, but had felt long frustrated about just being second violin to the group as a whole. When the three musicians came together in 1968 they realized they could start a new band by themselves and thus Crosby, Stills And Nash was born. They decided to use their own names , because it would better showcase their individuality and prevent the tensions they all had experienced by operating as an anonymous musician under a collective band pseudonym. [PAR] From the start the band had immediate success. Their debut record Crosby, Stills And Nash from 1969 spawned the Top 40 singles \"Marrakesh Express\" and \"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes\" and got great reviews. Stills brought a fourth band member aboard, Neil Young , who had played alongside him in Buffalo Springfield . Restructured, the band now became Crosby, Stills, Nash And Young. They played during the legendary Woodstock festival in 1969, where their song \"Woodstock\" (a cover of Joni Mitchell ) became the unofficial anthem of the concert. They also played at Altamont, but due to the violence and murder associated with the festival their performance was cut at their own request from the documentary Gimme Shelter from 1970. 1970 also saw the release of D\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdj\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Vu , which generated the hits \"Woodstock\", \"Teach Your Children\" and \"Our House\", and the occurrence of the Kent State Shootings, which inspired their Protest Song \"Ohio\", criticising the fact that the Ohio National Guard (US Army reserve units under the command of the state's governor) had shot at protesting students in Kent State University, Ohio. [PAR] Each individual member released a solo album ( Neil Young 's After The Gold Rush from 1970, Stephen Stills' Stephen Stills from 1970, David Crosby If I Could Only Remember My Name from 1971 and Graham Nash's Songs For Beginners from 1971. Crosby And Nash even started a duo together, with their first album being Graham Nash/David Crosby from 1972. Although they performed on each other's solo albums they start spending more attention to their own work than working together as a group. Tensions and drug abuse took their toll. Only after seven years the next collective album came out and by that point Young had already left the group, causing them to name the album CSN, short for the first names of the remaining band members. Only \"Just A Song Before I Go\" became a hit. [PAR] During the 1980s the band kept performing. \"Daylight Again\" from 1982 had a hit song in the title track, but that same year Crosby was arrested for drug and weapon charges and spent 8 months in jail. He decided to go into rehab afterwards and Young rejoined the band briefly for \"American Dream\" in 1988. By that point the band effectively became more popular as a concert experience and their social activism than for their newer albums. In 1997 they were inducted in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Role of Mrs. Robinson - Classic Film - BellaOnline The Role of Mrs. Robinson - Classic Film [PAR] The Role of Mrs. Robinson [PAR] Guest Author - Amber Grey [PAR] According to the March 2008 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdVanity Fair\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd article, \"The Making of \"The Graduate,\" Director Mike Nichols said when Bancroft was offered the notorious role of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMrs. Robinson\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdEveryone cautioned her to turn it down,\" implying that taking the role would be too risky for her career. Apparently, it was Bancroft's husband, Mel Brooks, who recommended she take the part because he enjoyed the script. And so, Bancroft accepted the role which became epitome of the word \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcougar\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and it changed her career forever, but was it for better or for worse? [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Graduate\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (1967), based on the novel by Charles Webb, starring Dustin Hoffman, Anne Bancroft and Katharine Ross Hoffman plays \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBenjamin Braddock,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a recent college graduate, who engages in an affair with \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMrs. Robinson\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (Bancroft), the wife Benjamin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds father\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds business partner. The plot is only further complicated by the fact that once Benjamin is in the middle of the affair, he falls in love with Mrs. Robinson\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds daughter, Elaine. [PAR] Thanks to movie magic, Bancroft was made to look deceptively older than Hoffman. In reality, the two actors were merely six years apart in age; she 36 and he 30 at the time of filming. However, Bancroft did not rely on make-up alone to carry her through the role. With her smokey voice and incredible acting ability to draw, not only Benjamin but the audience as well, into her web, filling the air with electricity and dry sarcasm. [PAR] When the film was released, it received critical acclaim for it\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds balance of comedy and drama. When awards season came, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Graduate\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd was nominated for seven Academy Awards including a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBest Actress\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd nod for Bancroft. Bancroft was also nominated for a BAFTA but only won a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBest Actress\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Golden Globe for her performance. [PAR] However, the stamp of playing \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMrs. Robinson,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd was permanent for Bancroft. In the future, no matter what role Bancroft excelled in whether it be Helen Keller\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds teacher in \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Miracle Worker\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (1962); the sarcastic wife of Jack Lemmon in the film adaptation of Neil Simon\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds comedy \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Prisoner on Second Avenue\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (1975); or as the prima ballerina, Emma, in \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Turning Point\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (1977), in which she was nominated for a \"Best Actress\" Oscar, Bancroft would always be \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMrs. Robinson.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] So it seems the role had become a blessing and a curse to Bancroft when she mentioned in a 2003 interview, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdI am quite surprised, that with all of my work and some of it is very, very good, that nobody talks about \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Miracle Worker.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd We\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre talking about Mrs. Robinson. I understand the world . . . I\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdm just a little dismayed that people aren\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt beyond it yet.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Whereas in a 2005 interview for \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWashington Post,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bancroft said, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTo this day, when men meet me, there\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds always that movie [The Graduate] in the back of their mind.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Besides Bancroft, there was a list of other interesting actresses considered for the role of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMrs. Robinson\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd: [PAR] - The late Patricia Neal was ready to play the role but was forced to drop out because of Neal's unexpected stroke. [PAR] - Actress Jane Fonda was offered to either play \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMrs. Robinson\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd or \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdElaine Robinson\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and turned down both of them. [PAR] Other actresses considered: Shelley Winters, Angela Lansbury, Eva-Marie Saint, Ava Gardner and Rita Hayworth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Third Man Soundtrack (1949) The Third Man Soundtrack (1949) [PAR] by Andrew Granade [PAR] August 24, 2003 [PAR] It seems as though every country has a cinematic sound associated with it, an instrument that serves to symbolize it for the purposes of evocation.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Consider last year's score for Amelie.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd A frothy concoction of a movie and score, every aspect of production design needed to seep the essence of Paris out of its pores.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Visually, the most recognized areas were visited and heightened through the use of a hyper-real color palate. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIn order to balance the production aurally, the sound of the accordion was allowed to permeate every scene, adding a feeling of decadent love to the proceedings.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Whether it be the brass band for England, the didgeridoo for Australia, or the sitar for all things Indian and often Middle Eastern as well, we have coded sounds onto geography for instantly recognizable access. [PAR] So if you were making a movie about post-WWII Vienna, what instrument would you use?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The violin?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The piano?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd No, you would use the zither. [PAR] The Third Man, one of the greatest of all film noirs, has a palatable sense of place.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The bombed-out buildings, cracked streets, and decaying facades are a character equal to the enigmatic Harry Lime.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Visually the production is laced with a feeling of dread, with a darkness born of a particular moment in history.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Yet, Vienna is a city of dreams and even in its post-apocalyptic state, there is a certain nostalgia for the grandeur that once was.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd It is to this instinct the score was directed.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd While viewers absorbed the oppressive scenes, the music crept into the backs of their minds reminding them of what was lost.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd A startling juxtaposition to be sure, but one so successful that Anton Karas's score is still considered a hallmark of film music composition, even more than fifty years later. [PAR] The music is performed exclusively on a zither, a stringed instrument on which the strings run the length of the body, which acts as the primary resonator.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Think of an autoharp or dulcimer and you will have the idea.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd In adopting this Austrian instrument as the basis of the score, Karas appropriated its music as well.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Two main themes run throughout, the first of which is introduced in the second cue, \"The Harry Lime Theme.\"\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd This jaunty tune is in a square four with a bass line alternating between tonic and dominant.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Musically it is quite simple, a series of variations on a theme, but its nostalgic sentimentality lends it a charm that one carries outside the viewing.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The second main theme is, fittingly for the city of Johann Strauss, Jr., a waltz.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Introduced in the fourth cue, \"The Caf\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Mozart Waltz,\" the lilting melody is even more ironic in context than \"The Harry Lime Theme.\" [PAR] These two themes, or more specifically their styles, dominate the short cues of the CD, all the way to short waltzes such as \"Danube Dreams.\"\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Although it may sound uninteresting, the score is anything but and has been a perennial bestseller since the late 1940s.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd No film score collection would be truly complete without this gem. [PAR] The main question, then, is if this new recording of the score is worth purchasing or if you should go with another.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd One of the strangest features of this CD is a hold-over from the 50th Anniversary release of a few years ago.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Interspersed between the music cues are snippets of dialogue from the movie.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd While they do provide a hint of the juxtaposition inherent to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sex in Cinema: 1968 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic ... Sex in Cinema: 1968 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic / Sexual Films and Scenes [PAR] The History of Sex in Cinema [PAR] Movie Title/Year and Film/Scene Description [PAR] Screenshots [PAR] Barbarella (1968, Fr./It.) [PAR] This 'adult' sci-fi fantasy sex-capades comedy from French director Roger Vadim (featuring his new wife Jane Fonda) with a screenplay by Terry Southern was edited to receive a PG rating. Based on the French comics by Jean-Claude Forrest, it contained many sexual references, and numerous instances of Barbarella's interstellar love-making. The story set in the 41st century involved Barbarella's journey to a distant galaxy to save humanity. There was a teasing joke about Barbarella experiencing traditional or \"old-fashioned\" physical-penetrative copulation instead of the latest virtual sex (consumption of exaltation transference pills). [PAR] The cult film opened with an infamous credits sequence that teasingly stripped French comic-strip heroine Barbarella (Jane Fonda) of her black space-suit outfit in zero gravity. Her gloves, leggings, and then helmet were gradually removed, before she became completely exposed and nude, although often obscured by floating and jiggling white letters. [PAR] Barbarella (Jane Fonda): The Opening Credits Sequence [PAR] The title character also made love with the aid of a gigantic 'orgasmatronic' type machine (an organ of love) - and was sentenced to death by multiple orgasm (delivered by the 'Excessive Machine'). Durand Durand/Concierge (Milo O'Shea) attempted to torture and kill Barbarella with pleasure by orgasmically \"playing\" her with the euphemistic pipe organ (with the tune \"Sonata for Executioner and Various Young Women\"). He promised a swift but pleasurable death, as he began playing, and her clothes were expelled: [PAR] Barbarella: \"Oh, oh, what is this thing?\" [PAR] Durand: \"You will soon see, my dear. 'Sonata for Executioner and Various Young Women.'\" [PAR] Barbarella: \"Hmm. Oh, it's sort of nice, isn't it?\" [PAR] Durand: \"Yes, it is nice, in the beginning. Wait until its tune changes. It may change your tune as well.\" [PAR] Barbarella: \"Oh goodness, what do you mean?\" [PAR] Durand: \"When we reach the crescendo, you will die - of pleasure. Your end will be swift, but sweet, very sweet.\" [PAR] To his amazement, she completely enjoyed the lethal experience, exasperating him even further by orgasming. He was aghast at the sexually self-determined female for defeating the machine and causing it to smoke and burst into flames: [PAR] \"I don't believe it. It couldn't be. Wretched, wretched girl. What have you done to my excessive machine. You've undone it. You've undone me. Look, look! Energy cables are shrinking. You've turned them into faggots. You've, you've burned out the excessive machine! You've blown all its fuses!...You've exhausted its power! It couldn't keep up with you. Incredible. What kind of girl are you?! Have you no shame?!...Shame, shame on you! You'll pay for this!\" [PAR] Barbarella (Jane Fonda) [PAR] in the Excessive Machine [PAR] Candy (1968, It./Fr.) [PAR] Director Christian Marquand's semi-vulgar, hip, 'psychedelic', anti-establishment sex farce was created by scriptwriter Buck Henry from Terry Southern's updated, racy (and supposedly 'unfilmable') 1958 novel (originally based on Voltaire's 18th century Candide). Voltaire's story about Candy was later the basis of two other \"adult\" porno films by writer/director Gail Palmer, starring Carol Connors: The Erotic Adventures of Candy (1978) and Candy Goes to Hollywood (1979). [PAR] Nubile, vacuous and sexy nymphet Swedish blonde Ewa Aulin (a former Miss Teen Sweden in 1965 and Miss Teen International in 1966) starred as the title character, high-school student Candy Christian. The naive waif experienced a series of bizarre sexual exploits, misadventures, experiments, and strange erotic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ballet Terms | Dance Terminology | Atlanta Ballet Ballet Terms | Dance Terminology | Atlanta Ballet [PAR] Home \u00bb Ballet Resources \u00bb Ballet Terms and Positions [PAR] Ballet Terms and Positions [PAR] Have you ever wondered what all those French words are that you hear floating around at the ballet? If you're new to the ballet or would like to learn more about ballet, stick around and take a quick lesson on some of the words the dancers use on a daily basis. [PAR] Glossary of Ballet Terms [PAR] Classical Ballet - a traditional style of ballet which stresses the academic technique developed through the centuries of the existence of ballet. [PAR] Modern Ballet - a type of ballet from the twentieth century. To this day, modern ballet looks to re-invent itself and reach out in an ever-increasing facet of creation and movement. [PAR] Ballerina - a female dancer in a ballet company. [PAR] Danseur - a male dancer in a ballet company. [PAR] Choreographer - a person who composes or invents ballets or dances. [PAR] Ballet master or Ballet mistress - a person in a ballet company whose job is to give the daily company class and to rehearse the ballets in the company repertoire. [PAR] Choreography - describes the steps, combinations and patterns of a ballet or dance. [PAR] Balletomane (bal lay toe mane) - A ballet fan or enthusiast. [PAR] Pointe shoes - The satin ballet shoes used by dancers when dancing on their pointes (toes). Pointe shoes are reinforced with a box constructed of numerous layers of strong glue in between layers of material. Pointe shoes are not made of cement or wood. [PAR] Tutu - the short classical ballet skirt made of many layers of net. A romantic tutu is a long net skirt reaching below the calf. [PAR] Pas de deux - a dance for two. [PAR] Adagio (u da zhe-o) - is a succession of slow, soft, lyrical and continuous movements. Adagio creates the illusion that the positions flow from one into another. [PAR] Allegro (a leg grow) - allegro in ballet involves fast and dynamic movements, usually jumping steps and sequences. [PAR] Barre - a horizontal bar (usually made of wood) along a studio wall for class exercises. Every ballet class begins with barre exercises. [PAR] Centre practice - a group of exercises similar to those at the barre but performed in the center of the room. These exercises are done without the support of the barre and are normally performed with alternate feet. [PAR] Ballet Positions [PAR] Arabesque (Ah rah besk) - a position on one leg with the other leg raised behind the body and extended in a straight line. [PAR] Attitude (ah tea tude) - A variation on the arabesque. The extended leg is raised behind the body but bent at the knee at an angle of 90 degrees. [PAR] Assembl\u00e9 (assam blay) - Lifting off the floor on one leg, and landing on two. Legs assemble at the same time and return to fifth position. [PAR] Crois\u00e9 (quo say) - A dancer stands with legs crossed at an angle to the audience. The disengaged leg may be crossed in the front or in the back. [PAR] Grande Jet\u00e9 (grand jeh tay) - a big jump from one foot to the other in which the working leg is brushed into the air and appears to have been thrown. [PAR] Pli\u00e9 (plee ay) - means bent, bending - of the knee or knees. [PAR] Turn-out - The dancer turns his or her feet and legs out from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen \u2014 Under Pressure \u2014 Listen, watch, download and ... Queen \u2014 Under Pressure \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] queen [PAR] \"Under Pressure\" is a 1981 song by Queen and David Bowie . It marked Queen's first released collaboration with another recording artist, and is featured on their 1982 album Hot Space. The song reached #1 on the UK Singles Chart. It was also number 31 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of the '80s. [PAR] Bowie had originally come to the studios in order to sing backing vocals on another Queen song, \" Cool Cat \". For whatever reason, Bowie was not satisfied\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated - Jun 28, 1914 ... Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated - Jun 28, 1914 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914. [PAR] The great Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck, the man most responsible for the unification of Germany in 1871, was quoted as saying at the end of his life that \u201cOne day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans.\u201d It went as he predicted. [PAR] The archduke traveled to Sarajevo in June 1914 to inspect the imperial armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Ottoman territories in the turbulent Balkan region that were annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 to the indignation of Serbian nationalists, who believed they should become part of the newly independent and ambitious Serbian nation. The date scheduled for his visit, June 28, coincided with the anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo in 1389, in which medieval Serbia was defeated by the Turks. Despite the fact that Serbia did not truly lose its independence until the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, June 28 was a day of great significance to Serbian nationalists, and one on which they could be expected to take exception to a demonstration of Austrian imperial strength in Bosnia. [PAR] June 28 was also Franz Ferdinand\u2019s wedding anniversary. His beloved wife, Sophie, a former lady-in-waiting, was denied royal status in Austria due to her birth as a poor Czech aristocrat, as were the couple\u2019s children. In Bosnia, however, due to its limbo status as an annexed territory, Sophie could appear beside him at official proceedings. On June 28, 1914, then, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were touring Sarajevo in an open car, with surprisingly little security, when Serbian nationalist Nedjelko Cabrinovic threw a bomb at their car; it rolled off the back of the vehicle and wounded an officer and some bystanders. Later that day, on the way to visit the injured officer, the archduke\u2019s procession took a wrong turn at the junction of Appel quay and Franzjosefstrasse, where one of Cabrinovic\u2019s cohorts, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, happened to be loitering. [PAR] Seeing his opportunity, Princip fired into the car, shooting Franz Ferdinand and Sophie at point-blank range. Princip then turned the gun on himself, but was prevented from shooting it by a bystander who threw himself upon the young assassin. A mob of angry onlookers attacked Princip, who fought back and was subsequently wrestled away by the police. Meanwhile, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie lay fatally wounded in their limousine as it rushed to seek help; they both died within the hour. [PAR] The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events: Austria-Hungary, like many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Slav nationalism once and for all. As Russia supported Serbia, an Austro-Hungarian declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention\u2013which would likely involve Russia\u2019s ally, France, and possibly Britain as well. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe\u2019s great powers collapsed. Within a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime Minister Herbert Asquith: The human stories behind ... Prime Minister Herbert Asquith: The human stories behind the outbreak of First World War | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] In the first extract on Saturday from his masterly new book marking the centenary of World War I, Max Hastings told how an unpopular Austrian aristocrat blundered into the path of an assassin\u2019s bullet in Serbia \u2014 and how his death was the trigger for the horrific conflagration that would follow. Here, he tells how a largely doubting Britain was finally persuaded to enter a war which would cost it a million lives . . . [PAR] Newly-arrived in France to fight the Hun, the cocky soldiers of the British Expeditionary Force were greeted like heroes. [PAR] \u2018We were seized by the local inhabitants and dosed with cider,\u2019 recalled Lt Guy Harcourt-Vernon. [PAR] That first night in August 1914, the caf\u00e9s in the town square of Amiens rang with toasts and rousing choruses of God Save The King. [PAR] Only the old women who supervised the local public baths shook their heads and mopped their eyes as they muttered to themselves: \u2018Pauvres petits anglais, ils vont bient\u00f4t \u00eatre tu\u00e9s\u2019 \u2014 \u2018poor English boys, soon they will be dead.\u2019 [PAR] War opinions: Prime Minister Herbert Asquith told his mistress Venetia Stanley that the Austrian people were' the stupidest' in Europe [PAR] It was a terrible \u2014 and true \u2014 prediction. Close to a million British fighting men would lose their lives in the four years of World War I, the centenary of whose outbreak takes place next year. [PAR] The first deaths came soon enough \u2014 though to begin with they were mainly German. [PAR] Deployed to positions just outside the Belgian town of Mons, the British soldiers peppered the Kaiser\u2019s oncoming army with state-of-the-art Lee-Enfield rifles and Vickers machine guns. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] \u2018They came at us in solid, square blocks,\u2019 a British NCO recalled, \u2018and you couldn\u2019t help hitting them.\u2019 \u2018We steadied our rifles and took aim,\u2019 said another, \u2018and they were simply blasted away to Heaven by a volley at 700 yards.\u2019 [PAR] But the Germans took their casualties and kept coming in overwhelming numbers, supported by cannons and howitzers. [PAR] \u2018God! How their artillery do fire!\u2019 exclaimed a frightened British soldier at what was a new and unwelcome experience for almost every member of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). [PAR] Confidante: Prime Minister Asquith told the truth to Venetia Stanley [PAR] \u2018There were four of us in a rifle-pit,\u2019 recalled a private, \u2018and our officer walked over to us and I remember thinking: \u201cGet down, you silly bugger.\u201d [PAR] \u2018The poor man was killed. Then the man next to me was hit. He was firing away and suddenly he gave a grunt and lay still. I\u2019d never seen a dead man before.\u2019 [PAR] Harcourt-Vernon wrote: \u2018Funny how everyone ducks at the sound of a bullet. It is past you by then, but down goes your head every time.\u2019 [PAR] Soon, too many bullets and shells were passing for any man to have time to duck as they rammed clip after five-round clip into their hot weapons. [PAR] The British fell back until, by nightfall, the Germans \u2014 though they had taken colossal casualties \u2014 had captured Mons. [PAR] In that first encounter, the BEF lost an estimated 1,600 men, many of them taken prisoner, and was now on the run. [PAR] The next day there were brave rallies. The 9th Lancers and Dragoon Guards charged German guns across"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keep the Home Fires Burning - First World War.com First World War.com - Vintage Audio - Keep The Home Fires Burning [PAR] Vintage Audio - Keep The Home Fires Burning [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Reproduced below are the lyrics to the hugely popular wartime song written in 1914, Keep The Home Fires Burning, music by Ivor Novello and words by Lena Ford. The song is also popularly known as Till The Boys Came Home. [PAR] The obvious sentimentality of the song lent it increased popularity for families at home than to soldiers serving on the various wartime fronts. [PAR] The song's tremendous success brought Ivor Novello overnight fame, launching a hugely successful post-war career; although he also served with the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) as a pilot from 1916. [PAR] Two versions of the song are available here. Use the player above to listen to a recording performed by popular wartime vocalist John McCormack in 1917, and to a recording by Stanley Kirkby made a year earlier in 1916. [PAR] Keep the Home Fires Burning [PAR] They were summoned from the hillside [PAR] They were called in from the glen, [PAR] And the country found them ready [PAR] At the stirring call for men. [PAR] Let no tears add to their hardships [PAR] As the soldiers pass along, [PAR] And although your heart is breaking [PAR] Make it sing this cheery song: [PAR] Keep the Home Fires Burning, [PAR] While your hearts are yearning, [PAR] Though your lads are far away [PAR] They dream of home. [PAR] Through the dark clouds shining, [PAR] Turn the dark cloud inside out [PAR] 'Til the boys come home. [PAR] Overseas there came a pleading, [PAR] \"Help a nation in distress.\" [PAR] And we gave our glorious laddies [PAR] Honour bade us do no less, [PAR] For no gallant son of freedom [PAR] To a tyrant's yoke should bend, [PAR] And a noble heart must answer [PAR] To the sacred call of \"Friend.\" [PAR] Keep the Home Fires Burning, [PAR] While your hearts are yearning, [PAR] Though your lads are far away [PAR] They dream of home. [PAR] Through the dark clouds shining, [PAR] Turn the dark cloud inside out [PAR] 'Til the boys come home. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Saturday, 22 August, 2009 Michael Duffy [PAR] An \"incendiary shell\" is an artillery shell packed with highly flammable material, such as magnesium and phosphorous, intended to start and spread fire when detonated. [PAR] - Did you know?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Somme - July 1916 - Ancestry.com Somme - July 1916 [PAR] Somme - July 1916 [PAR] The search for personal effects after the battle [PAR] The Battle of the Somme lasted officially from 1st July 1916 to 16th November 1916. The British lost 420,000 casualties, the French 200,000 and the Germans 450,000. On the first day alone nearly eight times as many British troops were killed or wounded as in the battle of Waterloo. Of the 20,000 dead on the first day, most had been slaughtered by perhaps a hundred German Machine-gun teams. From the British perspective this was a tragic waste of men, almost exclusively volunteers and tremendously committed. [PAR] The Reverend Stanhope Walker said \"It was a time one can never forget. At a Casualty Clearing Station one realised the meaning of war more than anywhere else. One could go and see all the country round Trones Wood and Delville Wood spitting fire from our huge guns and see the great crumps from the German artillery bursting amid indescribable wreckage and desolation, but here were gathered together the results of it all in broken humanity. I don't think there is any part of the human body I have not seen wounded,frequently blown to pieces.\" (People at War, 1914-1918. A David & Charles Military Book. 1973. ISBN-0-7153-9244-1) [PAR] It was with such statistics and images that I approached the War Diary of Lt Col Elsner . I was shocked by the apparent callousness of the entry for 1st July 1916 until finding that the 9th Division were not truly engaged until 3rd July. From that date onward Elsner records events in a much more personally aggrieved tone. [PAR] 1st July 1916 \" Intense bombardment started about 5 am. The infantry advanced at 7 am and reached their objective Montauban during the forenoon. Bearer Divn in Trigger Valley (Billon Wood - Bronfay Fme). The usual congestion of walking wounded took place and appears to be inevitable\". [PAR] 4th July 1916 Following casualties amoung bearers in vicinity of Bernafay Wood: [PAR] Pte J W Adamson - Killed Buried Talus Boise Pte J Davis - Died of Wounds - Buried Bernafay Wood Pte R Adams - GSW Shock Shell Pte R Longworth - GSW Shock Shell Pte J H Yesson - PUO (Evacuated) Pte J Wilson - GSW neck (slight - remained on duty) [PAR] 5 July 1916 Further casualties in the bearer divn: [PAR] LCpl W Weston - GSW Concussion (Evacuated) [PAR] Bearer divn now established in German 1st line Valley Trench (A.3.C.8.0) in some German dugouts very deep and safe. Evacuation is easy along the railway line in Train Alley on trolleys. The bearers are in good spirits despite the casualties and working well, but had a rough time in Bernafay Wood which was being thoroughly and systematically shelled as are all the positions round about. Took Pte Coward with me as a reinforcement and Pte Chapman came up later - both off leave. [PAR] So Albert has now travelled from the comfort of his brief visit home, and returned to what he must have known to be the thick of the battle. I find it virtually impossible to imagine the difficulty that all these men must have overcome to travel back from sanity to hell, and to keep doing so time after time. [PAR] 6 July 1916 Bearer Divn casualties continue: [PAR] Pte T Coward - GSW back (he only came off leave yesterday!) Pte F G Taylor - GSW finger [PAR] Private Coward has been back for less than 24hrs before he becomes a casualty... [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WarMuseum.ca - The Battle of Vimy Ridge April 9-12, 1917 ... WarMuseum.ca - The Battle of Vimy Ridge April 9-12, 1917 - The First World War [PAR] The Battle of Vimy Ridge, 9-12 April 1917 [PAR] Tim Cook [PAR] Many historians and writers consider the Canadian victory at Vimy a defining moment for Canada, when the country emerged from under the shadow of Britain and felt capable of greatness. Canadian troops also earned a reputation as formidable, effective troops because of the stunning success. But it was a victory at a terrible cost, with more than 10,000 killed and wounded. [PAR] The Canadian Corps was ordered to seize Vimy Ridge in April 1917. [ Map ] Situated in northern France, the heavily-fortified seven-kilometre ridge held a commanding view over the Allied lines. The Canadians would be assaulting over an open graveyard since previous French attacks had failed with over 100,000 casualties. [PAR] To capture this difficult position, the Canadians would carefully plan and rehearse their attack. To provide greater flexibility and firepower in battle, the infantry were given specialist roles as machine-gunners, rifle-men and grenade-throwers. These same soldiers underwent weeks of training behind the lines using models to represent the battlefield, and new maps crafted from aerial photographs to guide their way. To bring men forward safely for the assault, engineers dug deep tunnels from the rear to the front. Despite this training and preparation, the key to victory would be a devastating artillery barrage that would not only isolate enemy trenches, but provide a moving wall of high explosives and shrapnel to force the Germans to stay in their deep dugouts and away from their machine-guns. \"Chaps, you shall go over exactly like a railroad train, on time, or you shall be annihilated,\" warned Canadian Corps commander Sir Julian Byng. [PAR] \"In those few minutes I witnessed the birth of a nation.\" [PAR] BGen A.E. Ross [PAR] In the week leading up to the battle, Canadian and British artillery pounded the enemy positions on the ridge, killing and tormenting defenders. New artillery tactics allowed the gunners to first target, then destroy enemy positions. A nearly limitless supply of artillery shells and the new 106 fuse, which allowed shells to explode on contact, as opposed to burying themselves in ground, facilitated the destruction of hardened defences and barbed wire. The Canadian infantry would be well supported when it went into battle with over 1,000 artillery pieces laying down withering, supportive fire. [PAR] Attacking together for the first time, the four Canadian divisions stormed the ridge at 5:30am on 9 April 1917. More than 15,000 Canadian infantry overran the Germans all along the front. Incredible bravery and discipline allowed the infantry to continue moving forward under heavy fire, even when their officers were killed. [PAR] There were countless acts of sacrifice, as Canadians single-handedly charged machine-gun nests or forced the surrender of Germans in protective dugouts. Hill 145, the highest and most important feature of the Ridge, and where the Vimy monument now stands, was captured in a frontal bayonet charge against machine-gun positions. Three more days of costly battle delivered final victory. The Canadian operation was an important success, even if the larger British and French offensive, of which it had been a part, had failed. But it was victory at a heavy cost: 3,598 Canadians were killed and another 7,000 wounded. [PAR] The capture of Vimy was more than just an important battlefield victory. For the first time all four Canadian divisions attacked together: men from all regions of Canada were present at the battle. Brigadier-General A.E."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anzac Day: Commemorate or celebrate? - BBC News Anzac Day: Commemorate or celebrate? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Anzac Day: Commemorate or celebrate? [PAR] 20 April 2015 [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption In New Zealand, Anzac Day tends to be commemorated in a reflective fashion [PAR] Anzac Day, 25 April, is probably Australia's most important national occasion. It marks the anniversary of the first campaign that led to major casualties for Australian and New Zealand forces during World War One and commemorates all the conflicts that followed. [PAR] This year marks the centenary of that first bloody battle on the shores of Gallipoli. It will be remembered across the country and in Turkey with special ceremonies and exhibitions. In this second feature in our series on Gallipoli, Megan Lane for BBC News looks at how New Zealand commemorates its role in the battle. [PAR] It can be revealing to ask children born 90 years after the World War One campaign fought by the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (Anzac) what they think the initials stand for. [PAR] \"Appreciation New Zealand Australia Co-operation,\" suggested one pupil in a straw poll of 10-year-old primary school students in New Zealand's Wellington and Australia's Melbourne - a pleasingly wrong answer that said much about Anzac Day in the 21st Century. [PAR] Co-operation was a popular choice for the New Zealand 10-year-olds, while the Australians were more likely to opt for \"crew\" - a modern, matey version of \"corps\". [PAR] Co-operation and crew. Wrong but also right. [PAR] Image copyright AAP [PAR] Image caption Around 8,500 Australians and nearly 3,000 New Zealanders died at Gallipoli, as well as 87,000 Turks [PAR] On 25 April 1915, soldiers from Australia and New Zealand landed at Gallipoli Cove, part of an Allied effort to capture the peninsula from the Ottoman Empire. [PAR] Collectively termed Anzacs by a military clerk keen to fit the name on a rubber stamp, the acronym stuck. [PAR] After an eight-month campaign, the Allies retreated in defeat after heavy losses on both sides. More than 87,000 Turks died, along with an estimated 44,000 men from the British Empire and France, including 8,500 Australians and nearly 3,000 New Zealanders - one in four of the Kiwis sent to Gallipoli. [PAR] The first Anzac commemorations were held in 1916. A century later, these have morphed into big-budget productions in Australia, New Zealand and Turkey. [PAR] While part of the international trend for war commemoration, Anzac Day has become more of a national day than Australia Day, says Prof Mark McKenna of the University of Sydney. [PAR] By contrast, New Zealand regards Anzac Day as one of - not the - defining experience. [PAR] Its national day marks the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi between Maori chiefs and the British Crown. [PAR] \"Australia went through a long debate in the 1980s and 1990s about its legacy of colonialism and dispossession [of local indigenous people],\" says Prof McKenna. \"Anzac Day was a less complicated alternative as it involved the 'honourable deaths' of Australians.\" [PAR] Glyn Harper, professor of war studies at New Zealand's Massey University, agrees. \"I don't think New Zealand's myths around Gallipoli are as strong as in Australia, where the term 'Anzac' has become almost sacred.\" [PAR] He points to the contrasting moods on Anzac Day. \"In New Zealand, the emphasis is on the dawn service. It's a time of reflection on the cost of war and how it shaped the country.\" [PAR] \"In Australia, the dawn service is important but the focus is on the 11am"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Siegfried Sassoon - Wikiquote Siegfried Sassoon - Wikiquote [PAR] Siegfried Sassoon [PAR] Soldiers are citizens of death's grey land, [PAR] Drawing no dividend from time's to-morrows. [PAR] In the great hour of destiny they stand, [PAR] Each with his feuds, and jealousies, and sorrows. [PAR] Siegfried Sassoon ( September 8 , 1886 \u2013 September 1 , 1967 ) was a British poet and writer, most famous for the poems he wrote as a soldier in World War I . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Sourced[ edit ] [PAR] Let no one ever, from henceforth say one word in any way countenancing war. [PAR] I have seen and endured the sufferings of the troops, and I can no longer be a party to prolong these sufferings for ends which I believe to be evil and unjust. [PAR] I believe that I may help to destroy the callous complacency with which the majority of those at home regard the contrivance of agonies which they do not share, and which they have not sufficient imagination to realize. [PAR] Let no one ever, from henceforth say one word in any way countenancing war. It is dangerous even to speak of how here and there the individual may gain some hardship of soul by it. For war is hell, and those who institute it are criminals. Were there even anything to say for it, it should not be said; for its spiritual disasters far outweigh any of its advantages. [PAR] As quoted by Robert Nichols in his introduction to The Counter-Attack and Other Poems (1918) [PAR] The visionless officialized fatuity [PAR] That once kept Europe safe for Perpetuity. [PAR] On reading the War Diary of a Defunct Ambassador [PAR] A Soldier's Declaration (July 1917)[ edit ] [PAR] I am making this statement as an act of wilful defiance of military authority, because I believe that the War is being deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it. [PAR] I am a soldier, convinced that I am acting on behalf of soldiers. I believe that this War, on which I entered as a war of defence and liberation, has now become a war of aggression and conquest. [PAR] I have seen and endured the sufferings of the troops, and I can no longer be a party to prolong these sufferings for ends which I believe to be evil and unjust. [PAR] I am not protesting against the conduct of the war, but against the political errors and insincerities for which the fighting men are being sacrificed. [PAR] On behalf of those who are suffering now I make this protest against the deception which is being practised on them; also I believe that I may help to destroy the callous complacency with which the majority of those at home regard the contrivance of agonies which they do not share, and which they have not sufficient imagination to realize. [PAR] The Counter-Attack and Other Poems (1918)[ edit ] [PAR] You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye [PAR] Who cheer when soldier lads march by, [PAR] Sneak home and pray you'll never know [PAR] The hell where youth and laughter go. [PAR] Well might the Dead who struggled in the slime [PAR] Rise and deride this sepulchre of crime. [PAR] Mute in the clamour of shells he watched them burst [PAR] Spouting dark earth and wire with gusts from hell, [PAR] While posturing giants dissolved in drifts of smoke. [PAR] He crouched and flinched, dizzy with galloping fear, [PAR] Sick for escape,\u2014 loathing the strangled horror [PAR] And butchered, frantic gestures of the dead. [PAR] Lost in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From the archive, 7 October 1981: President Sadat ... From the archive, 7 October 1981: President Sadat assassinated at army parade | From the Guardian | The Guardian [PAR] From the archive, 7 October 1981: President Sadat assassinated at army parade [PAR] Originally published in the Guardian on 7 October 1981 [PAR] James MacManus [PAR] Close [PAR] CAIRO [PAR] Egyptian leaders last night declared a state of emergency after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat at a military parade. As the news of Sadat's death reached an apprehensive world Vice-President Hosni Mubarak, the man most likely to follow Mr Sadat in power, announced on television that the Speaker of the Egyptian Parliament would take over formally as President until a successor is chosen. [PAR] Last night Mr Mubarak pledged a continuity of the peace policies of his predecessor and said that he had assumed the position of commander in chief of the armed forces. The Vice-President announced a 40-day period of mourning and said that the state funeral would take place on Saturday. [PAR] In Algeria, exiled Lt-Gen Saadeddin Shazli, once Sadat's chief of staff, called on the Egyptian armed forces to follow up the assassination by wresting power from leaders committed to \"Zionism and imperialism\". General Shazli's opposition movement, the National Front, appears to have been behind the murder of Sadat. But in Cairo, troops loyal to the Government and to Mubarak took over key buildings, and there were no signs that any serious effort at a coup was under way. [PAR] Sadat's Arab enemies last night celebrated his death. In Beirut motorists sounded their horns in jubilation. In Damascus there was dancing in the streets. President Sadat was shot down at a parade marking the anniversary of Egyptian successes in the 1973 Yom Kippur war \u2014 the closest any Arab state has come to victory over Israel and the essential foundation for his later policy of peace with Israel. [PAR] Dressed in one of the elaborate uniforms, Sadat and other ministers were watching a fly-past when dissident soldiers \u2013 or men dressed as soldiers \u2013 opened fire from a truck passing the reviewing stand. Grenades and Kalashnikov fire raked the benches, killing two of Sadat's aides, mortally wounding Sadat and injuring many others. The 63-year-old president was rushed by helicopter to hospital but died on the operating table. [PAR] The Egyptian leadership closed ranks yesterday after the death of the man who had dominated their country after his takeover from President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1970, and whose skill in alternating repression with reconciliation had kept it relatively stable. It was unclear whether his assassination was a direct result of the measures he recently took against opposition groups, including the fundamentalist Muslim movement. But there were few signs that the assassination was part of an organised coup attempt. [PAR] James MacManus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - HISTORY.com Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - Nov 24, 1963 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald [PAR] Author [PAR] Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] At 12:20 p.m., in the basement of the Dallas police station, Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of President John F. Kennedy, is shot to death by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner. [PAR] On November 22, President Kennedy was fatally shot while riding in an open-car motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas. Less than an hour after the shooting, Lee Harvey Oswald killed a policeman who questioned him on the street. Thirty minutes after that, he was arrested in a movie theater by police. Oswald was formally arraigned on November 23 for the murders of President Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit. [PAR] On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy\u2019s murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder. [PAR] Jack Ruby, originally known as Jacob Rubenstein, operated strip joints and dance halls in Dallas and had minor connections to organized crime. He also had a relationship with a number of Dallas policemen, which amounted to various favors in exchange for leniency in their monitoring of his establishments. He features prominently in Kennedy-assassination theories, and many believe he killed Oswald to keep him from revealing a larger conspiracy. In his trial, Ruby denied the allegation and pleaded innocent on the grounds that his great grief over Kennedy\u2019s murder had caused him to suffer \u201cpsychomotor epilepsy\u201d and shoot Oswald unconsciously. The jury found him guilty of the \u201cmurder with malice\u201d of Oswald and sentenced him to die. [PAR] In October 1966, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the grounds of improper admission of testimony and the fact that Ruby could not have received a fair trial in Dallas at the time. In January 1967, while awaiting a new trial, to be held in Wichita Falls, Ruby died of lung cancer in a Dallas hospital. [PAR] The official Warren Commission report of 1964 concluded that neither Oswald nor Ruby were part of a larger conspiracy, either domestic or international, to assassinate President Kennedy. Despite its seemingly firm conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event, and in 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was \u201cprobably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy\u201d that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime. The committee\u2019s findings, as with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be widely disputed. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Lennon shot dead by Mark David Chapman in 1980 - NY ... John Lennon shot dead by Mark David Chapman in 1980 - NY Daily News [PAR] Legendary Beatles singer shot dead by Mark David Chapman [PAR] John Lennon shot dead by Mark David Chapman in 1980 [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] email [PAR] John Lennon of the Beatles is shown in this Dec. 1980 photo taken days before his death. He was scheduled to finish his next album, a follow up to \u201cDouble Fantasy,\" that was released a month earlier and marked his comback after five years in retirement. [PAR] (AP) [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] Sunday, December 7, 2014, 5:37 PM [PAR] (Originally published by the Daily News on Dec. 9, 1980. This story was written by Patrick Doyle, Robert Lane and Hugh Bracken.) [PAR] Former Beatle John Lennon, the 40-year-old lead singer of the most popular rock group in history, was shot to death last night as he stepped from a limousine outside his home in the Dakota, an exclusive apartment building on Central Park West and 72d St. [PAR] Police arrested a suspect, \u201cdescribed as a local screwball,\u201d minutes after the shooting and charged him with Lennon\u2019s murder. The \u201csmirking\u201d suspect, identified as Mark David Chapman, 25, of Hawaii, was seen in the vicinity of the Dakota for several hours before the shooting and reportedly had hounded Lennon for an autograph several times in the last three or four days. [PAR] Lennon and his Japanese-born wife, Yoko Ono, were returning to their apartment from a recording session when the shots rang out. [PAR] Lennon was taken to Roosevelt Hospital in a police radio car and was pronounced dead on arrival in the emergency room. [PAR] \u201cWe tried to save him,\u201d said Dr. Stephen Lynn, director of emergency services. \u201cWe opened his chest and massaged his heart, but he was virtually dead when they brought him in.\u201d Lennon\u2019s body was then taken to the Bellevue Hospital morgue for an autopsy. [PAR] The life and death of John Lennon [PAR] Police said Lennon was shot several times at close range inside the large iron gate on the W. 72d St. side of the building and was bleeding profusely when he was placed in the radio car. [PAR] Lynn said Lennon was brought into the emergency room a few minutes before 11 p.m. and was pronounced dead at 11:07 p.m. \u201cExtensive resuscitation efforts were made, and despite transfusion and other methods, he could not be revived,\u201d Lynn said. [PAR] The doctor added that \u201csignificant damage had been done to a major vessel in the chest. There was a massive blood loss.\u201d [PAR] Police Officer James Moran, who drove the car that took Lennon to the hospital, said the singer \u201chad no last words.\u201d [PAR] A witness to the shooting, Sean Strub, said he saw Chapman walk back and forth at the scene of the shooting and then drop a gun. Police said they later recovered a .38-caliber revolver near the courtyard. [PAR] Front page of Tuesday, December 9, 1980, edition of the Daily News, with headline reading \"John Lennon Slain Here - Ex-Beatle Shot; Nab Suspect.\" Shows Yoko Ono being helped from Roosevelt Hospital by David Geffen. [PAR] (Kappock, Gene) [PAR] John Lennon shot story [PAR] (New York Daily News) [PAR] Strub said Chapman, whom he described as pudgy and dressed in a brown jacket, scuffled with the police immediately after they arrived on the scene. \u201cChapman almost had a smirk on his face,\u201d Strub said. [PAR] A woman who identified herself as Nina"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] jean paul marat : definition of jean paul marat and ... jean paul marat : definition of jean paul marat and synonyms of jean paul marat (English) [PAR] Parents [PAR] Jean (Giovanni) Mara, Louise Cabrol [PAR] Jean-Paul Marat (24 May 1743 \u2013 13 July 1793), born in the Principality of Neuch\u00e2tel , was a physician, political theorist, and scientist best known for his career in France as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution . His journalism was renowned for its fiery character and uncompromising stance toward \"enemies of the revolution\" and basic reforms for the poorest members of society. Marat was one of the more extreme voices of the French Revolution, and he became a vigorous defender of the sans-culottes ; he broadcast his views through impassioned public speaking, essay writing, and newspaper journalism, which carried his message throughout France. Marat's radical denunciations of counter-revolutionaries supported much of the violence that occurred during the wartime phases of the French Revolution. His constant persecution of \"enemies of the people,\" consistent condemnatory message, and uncanny prophetic powers brought him the trust of the populace and made him their unofficial link to the radical Jacobin group that came to power in June 1793. He was murdered in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday , a Girondist sympathizer. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 12 External links [PAR] Scientist and physician [PAR] This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . [PAR] (July 2011) [PAR] Jean-Paul Marat was born in Boudry in the Prussian Principality of Neuch\u00e2tel , now part of Switzerland, on 24 May 1743. [1] He was the second of nine children born to Jean Mara (Giovanni Mara), a native of Cagliari , Sardinia, and Louise Cabrol, a French Huguenot from Castres . His father was a Mercedarian \"commendator\" and religious refugee who converted to Calvinism in Geneva . At the age of sixteen, Marat left home and set off in search of fame and fortune, aware of the limited opportunities for outsiders. His highly educated father had been turned down for several secondary teaching posts. His first post was as a private tutor to the wealthy Nairac family in Bordeaux . After two years there he moved on to Paris where he studied medicine without gaining any formal qualifications. Moving to London around 1765, for fear of being \"drawn into dissipation\", he set himself up informally as a doctor, befriended the Royal Academician artist Angelika Kauffmann , and began to mix with Italian artists and architects in the coffee houses around Soho . Highly ambitious, but without patronage or qualifications, he set about imposing himself into the intellectual scene with essays on philosophy (\"A philosophical Essay on Man\", published 1773) and political theory (\"Chains of Slavery\", published 1774). [2] Voltaire 's sharp critique in defense of his friend Helv\u00e9tius brought the young Marat to wider attention for the first time and reinforced his growing sense of a wide division between the materialists, grouped around Voltaire on one hand, and their opponents, grouped around Rousseau on the other. [3] [PAR] Around 1770, Marat moved to Newcastle upon Tyne , possibly gaining employment as a veterinarian. His first political work Chains of Slavery, inspired by the activities of the MP and Mayor John Wilkes , was most probably compiled in the central library here. By Marat's own colourful account, he lived on black coffee for three months, during its composition, sleeping only two hours a night \u2013 and then slept soundly for thirteen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Assassination of the Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval ... The Assassination of the Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval | The Public Domain Review [PAR] ..or BROWSE BY TAG [PAR] The Assassination of the Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval [PAR] Only once has a British Prime Minister been assassinated. Two hundred years ago, on the 11th May 1812, John Bellingham shot dead the Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval as he entered the House of Commons. David C. Hanrahan tells the story. [PAR] Illustration of the shooting, artist unknown. (Source: Norris Museum) [PAR] On Monday 11 May, 1812, an unremarkable, anonymous man, just over forty years of age, made his way to the Houses of Parliament. The man had become a frequent visitor there over the previous few weeks, sitting in the gallery of the House of Commons and carefully examining the various members of the government through his opera glasses. At 5.00 p.m. on this particular day he walked into the lobby that led to the House of Commons and sat near the fireplace. No-one could have known that he was carrying, concealed on his person, two loaded pistols. [PAR] As it was a fine evening Mr. Spencer Perceval, the Tory First Lord of the Treasury, or Prime Minister, had decided to dispense with his carriage and walk from No. 10, Downing Street, to the Houses of Parliament. He arrived there around 5.15pm, entered the building and walked down the corridor towards the lobby entrance to the House of Commons. He handed his coat to the officer positioned outside the doors to the lobby. [PAR] As Mr. Perceval entered the lobby a number of people were gathered around in conversation as was the usual practice. Most turned to look at him as he came through the doorway. No-one noticed as the quiet man stood up from beside the fire place, removing a pistol from his inner pocket as he did so. Neither did anyone notice as the man walked calmly towards the Prime Minister. When he was close enough, without saying a word, the man fired his pistol directly at Mr. Perceval\u2019s chest. The Prime Minister staggered forward before falling to the ground, calling out as he did so words that witnesses later recalled in different ways as: \u201cI am murdered!\u201d or \u2018Murder, Murder\u2019 or \u2018Oh God!\u2019 or \u2018Oh my God!\u2019 [PAR] Amid the confusion, a number of people raised Mr. Perceval from the ground and carried him into the nearby Speaker\u2019s apartments. They placed him in a sitting position on a table, supporting him on either side. Most ominously, the Prime Minister had not uttered a single word since falling on the floor of the lobby, and the only noises to have emanated from him since had been a few pathetic sobs. After a short time Mr. Smith MP, on failing to find any perceptible sign of a pulse, announced his terrible conclusion to the group of stunned onlookers that the Prime Minister was dead. [PAR] The Assassination of Spencer Perceval, illustration by Walter Stanley Paget (1861-1908) from Cassell's Illustrated History of England. Vol.5 (1909) [PAR] Before long Mr. William Lynn, a surgeon situated at No. 15 Great George Street, arrived on the scene and confirmed that Mr. Smith was indeed correct. The surgeon noted the blood all over the deceased Prime Minister\u2019s coat and white waistcoat. His examination of the body revealed a wound on the left side of the chest over the fourth rib. It was obvious that a rather large pistol ball had entered there. Mr. Lynn probed an instrument into the wound and found that it went"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1979: Car bomb kills Airey Neave BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1979: Car bomb kills Airey Neave [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1979: Car bomb kills Airey Neave [PAR] Shadow Northern Ireland Secretary Airey Neave has been killed by a car bomb as he left the House of Commons car park. [PAR] The bomb, said to be highly sophisticated, exploded as Mr Neave began driving up the exit ramp shortly before 1500GMT. [PAR] Emergency services were on the scene in minutes. [PAR] The 63-year-old Conservative MP, known for his tough line on anti-IRA security, was taken to Westminster Hospital where he died from his injuries. [PAR] So far two groups, the Provisional IRA and the Irish Natonal Liberation Army, have claimed they carried out the killing. [PAR] It is not yet known when the bomb was attached to his car but investigators believe a timing device and trembler - which detonates the bomb through movement - were used to ensure the bomb went off as Mr Neave was leaving the Commons. [PAR] The area around Parliament Square was immediately closed as police began a full-scale search of the premises. [PAR] Despite increased threats to the safety of MPs not all cars are checked fully as they enter the car park. [PAR] Gilbert Kellard, assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan Police said Mr Neave was aware of the dangers and was \"happy and content\" with his security. [PAR] Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher led tributes to Mr Neave saying: \"He was one of freedom's warriors. Courageous, staunch, true. He lived for his beliefs and now he has died for them.\" [PAR] Prime Minister James Callaghan said: \"No effort will be spared to bring the murderers to justice and to rid the United Kingdom of the scourge of terrorism.\" [PAR] The killing is thought to have been timed to coincide with the start of the election campaign which was announced yesterday. [PAR] Mr Neave was a close adviser to Mrs Thatcher, he led her campaign to become the Conservative Party leader and headed her private office."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | UK | BBC presenter shot dead BBC News | UK | BBC presenter shot dead [PAR] Monday, April 26, 1999 Published at 14:55 GMT 15:55 UK [PAR] UK [PAR] BBC presenter shot dead [PAR] Jill Dando presented Crimewatch and Holiday [PAR] BBC television presenter Jill Dando has died after she was shot in the head on the doorstep of her home. [PAR] Ms Dando, 37, who presented Crimewatch UK and Holiday, suffered a fatal brain injury in the attack in Fulham, west London. [PAR] She was taken to nearby Charing Cross Hospital, where she was confirmed dead on arrival at 1303 BST (1203 GMT). [PAR] Her post mortem examination later revealed that she had received a single gunshot wound to the head. [PAR] Police are combing the street for clues [PAR] A Scotland Yard statement said: \"A post mortem held today at Fulham mortuary established the cause of death as a brain injury caused by a single gunshot wound to the head.\" [PAR] There had been early reports that she suffered multiple stab wounds, but one neighbour in Gowan Avenue said he had heard a gunshot. [PAR] The BBC's Kate Adie: \"The kind of woman who had no enemies\" [PAR] The Queen said she was \"shocked and saddened\" by the news of the death of Ms Dando, who helped the Duke of York to promote the Fight for Sight charity. Prime Minister Tony Blair also spoke of his shock at the death. [PAR] Ms Dando's fianc\ufffd, gynaecologist Alan Farthing, said: ''I am totally devastated and unable to comprehend what has happened. Jill was respected for her professional ability, admired by all who met her and adored by anyone who got to know her.'' [PAR] Police, who have launched a murder inquiry, later cordoned off the footpath next to the River Thames from Putney Bridge. [PAR] There were unconfirmed reports that a man jumped off the bridge, or was stopped as he tried to jump. [PAR] The BBC's Nick Higham: \"An enormous tragedy\" [PAR] Detectives want to speak to a man seen running from the murder scene. [PAR] He was described as white, tall, in his late 30s or early 40s, with dark hair, clean-shaven and wearing a green Barbour jacket. [PAR] Richard Hughes: She was covered in blood [PAR] Neighbours called the emergency services after they saw her collapsed and seriously injured in the doorway of the house in Gowan Avenue at 1147 BST. [PAR] Richard Hughes, 32, who lives next door to Miss Dando, said: \"I heard her scream, it was a distinctive scream, she sounded quite surprised. [PAR] Jill Dando's neighbour Richard Hughes: \"I heard a scream\" [PAR] \"I opened the shutters and saw a man, he was well dressed, he was wearing a Barbour-style jacket and at first I thought it must have been a friend of Jill's as he looked very respectable. [PAR] \"I went to the door and saw her lying on the doorstep, she was unconscious and covered in blood. I was obviously shocked. I took a look at her and she wasn't breathing.\" [PAR] Nick Ross: \"She was everything one could want in a colleague and friend\" [PAR] Police are appealing for anyone with information to ring 0181 246 0730 or 0181 246 0734. [PAR] Jill Dando was hugely popular among BBC viewers, her bright presenting style proving a hit in a variety of programmes. [PAR] BBC News Online received more than 2,000 tributes from users within three hours of posting a page on the Internet. [PAR] Her co-presenter on Crimewatch UK, Nick Ross, said: \"The shock is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stingray (TV Series 1964\u20131965) - IMDb Stingray (TV Series 1964\u20131965) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Gerry Anderson's third SF supermarionation saga told the adventures of the WASPs (the World Aquanaut Security Patrol) as they explored the oceans and kept the world safe from a variety of ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Troy and Phones rescue a comatose man and take him back to Marineville for treatment. [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] The Stingray crew is assigned to make monthly visits to Professor Darren and his team, who have developed a method for making gold from minerals taken from the sea bed. [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] Duke Dexter the world's most famous singer will be visiting Marineville for a benefit concert. Titan, although unsure who Dexter is, decides he could be valuable to Titanica's plans and arranges for ... [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 29 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 50 titles [PAR] created 19 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Stingray \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A literally unkillable agent leads an international intelligence agency's fight against an extra-terrestrial terror campaign. [PAR] Stars: Francis Matthews, Ed Bishop, Donald Gray [PAR] The adventures of a preteen secret agent who can have any useful skills downloaded into his brain. [PAR] Stars: Len Jones, Rupert Davies, Keith Alexander [PAR] In the 21st century, the Tracy family operate a unique private mechanized emergency response service. [PAR] Stars: Sylvia Anderson, Peter Dyneley, David Graham [PAR] Fireball XL5 was part of the fleet of interplanetary rockets protecting Sector 25 of the Solar System from alien invasion under the supervision of the World Space Patrol. In command of XL5 ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Paul Maxwell, Sylvia Anderson, David Graham [PAR] The International Rescue team is faced with one of its toughest challenges yet, as the revolutionary lighter-than-air craft Skyship One is hijacked while on her maiden voyage around the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: David Lane [PAR] Gerry Anderson's first science fiction Supermarionation series. Super Car was a prototype vehicle that could travel in the air, on land or beneath the sea. Its test pilot was Mike Mercury, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: David Graham, Graydon Gould, Sylvia Anderson [PAR] In the year 2020 Earth is under threat from Martian androids who want revenge on the human race. They consist of Zelda, her son Yung-star and her sister called Cy-star. An organisation is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jeremy Hitchen, Denise Bryer, Anne Ridler [PAR] Children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. In the 'top, left hand corner of Wales' runs an archaic railway line staffed by such characters as Jones the Steam ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Olwen Griffiths, Anthony Jackson, Oliver Postgate [PAR] Camberwick Green (TV Series 1966) [PAR] Animation | Family [PAR] Iconic British children's animated series set in the fictional, picturesque village of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chief Inspector Barnaby series by Caroline Graham Chief Inspector Barnaby series by Caroline Graham [PAR] Chief Inspector Barnaby series [PAR] 9 works, 7 primary works [PAR] Tom Barnaby is the Detective Chief Inspector of the fictional English county of Midsomer. The character of DCI Barnaby is featured in the television mystery series Midsomer Murders."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reversi, also known as, Othello! - Tame The Board Game Quick Games \u2013 Reversi, also known as, Othello! | Tame The Board Game [PAR] Tame The Board Game [PAR] Home Quick Games \u2013 Reversi, also known as, Othello! [PAR] Quick Games \u2013 Reversi, also known as, Othello! [PAR] Creator(s): John W. Mollett , Lewis Waterman (Designers) and Kinetic (Artist) [PAR] Othello is a great game; for anyone that knows it, they\u2019ll know how much fun it is, and for anyone who doesn\u2019t, it\u2019s quick and easy to learn and it keeps you on your toes as the table can turn at literally any point in the game. You can be winning right up until the last few pieces are laid and then find yourself the loser! [PAR] It\u2019s definitely not as quick as Fanarona , but can still easily be played in less than half an hour. The pictures in this post are larger than they have been in previous posts, due to the shape of the board and the angle that we had the camera at. There are also less photos, as the game is not very complicated and we felt that filling the post with pictures would just be throwing images at you that you didn\u2019t need, or, probably, want. [PAR] Othello starting position [PAR] History and Things: [PAR] The game was invented at the end of the 19th century; both Lewis Waterman and John W. Mollett (two Englishmen) claimed to be the inventors of the game. [PAR] The first ever versions of the game were produced in 1882 by Waterman and Mollett themselves. [PAR] It was patented in 1888 and published under the name Reversi in 1898. [PAR] Reversi was based on a game invented by Mollett in 1870 called The Game of Annexation (or Annex for short), the only known difference between this game and Reversi is that Annex is played on a board shaped like a cross. So instead of the 8\u00d78 \u2013 essentially a chess board \u2013 that Reversi/Othello is played on Annex was played on an 10\u00d74 cross. [PAR] In 1880, in a publication of The Queen, Waterman proposed a new version of Annex, called Reversi, to be played on a conventional Chess Board, and named himself inventor, he registered the name in 1887. [PAR] In 1886 Mollett published the same game with the name Annex, a game of reverses. Mollett was initially not allowed to use the word \u2018reverses\u2019, so he appealed, won and the word \u2018Reversi\u2019 was freed. [PAR] Whilst the Waterman release of Reversi was not sold with a board \u2013 the box stated that you had to play it on a chess board \u2013 the Mollett version was sold with a cheap paper 8\u00d78 board and carried the Annex, or Annexation name. [PAR] From reading all this it\u2019s clear that Mollett was the primary creator of the game, he was responsible for the original rules and game pieces, where Waterman is responsible for the board shape, size, and the name Reversi. [PAR] Jumping forward almost 100 years to 1971. Goro Hasegawa reinvented the game, naming it Othello with the rule set currently used on the international tournament stage; the Japanese games company Tsukada Original published it. [PAR] (I managed to make ten points this time!!) [PAR] Othello was chosen as a name for many reasons \u2013 all of them deriving from Shakespeare\u2019s play. I\u2019ve put a few in here; Iago makes a direct reference to how he is \u201ctwo faced\u201d in the play, which accounts for the double-sided black-and-white playing pieces which are continually flipped throughout the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Winters Tale David Essex MIDI File - Hit Trax Midi Files ... A Winters Tale David Essex MIDI File | Hit Trax [PAR] Melody Channel: 4 [PAR] Video for A Winters Tale by David Essex [PAR] Watch this Hit Trax song video of A Winters Tale in the style of David Essex for a preview of this Hit Trax backing track. The audio file used in this video contains the same song data we program in the MIDI File backing track. Some tracks may include sampled instruments from high quality sample libraries. Most times we record the audio direct from the outputs of a MIDI File player like a MERISH, Roland or Yamaha device. [PAR] TECHNICAL NOTES for A Winters Tale in the style of David Essex. It\u2019s important to remember sonic results may vary in different MIDI File players and devices, including sound libraries. Hit Trax assumes buyers know the capabilities and limitations of their MIDI playback devices, sound library, related devices and apps. 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\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd \u0000\u0000\u0014\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd \u0000\u00000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0011\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd \u0000\u0000\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0011\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\ufffd \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u00000\u0004\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u00000\u0004\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0004\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0004\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0004\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0004\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0002\u0000\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000 Mike Batt - biography Mike Batt is one of Britain's best-known songwriter/composers. His consistent track record of success includes production, composition and conducting on projects as diverse as 'Watership Down' (music and lyrics to Art Garfunkel's international number one single, 'Bright Eyes'), 'Phantom of The Opera' (producing, orchestrating and contributing lyrics to the first hit) and a great deal of symphonic work, including many television and film scores. He has won five Ivor Novello Awards including 'Best Film Song or Music' two years in succession, once with 'Watership Down' and once with 'Caravans' the epic adaptation of Michener's novel, starring Anthony Quinn. He has conducted many of the world's great orchestras including the London Symphony, The London Philharmonic, The Royal Philharmonic, The Sydney Symphony Orchestra, the State Orchestra of Victoria and The National Symphony Orchestra Of Ireland. He began his career in popular music at the age of eighteen, as a signed artist with and subsequently Head of A&R for Liberty/United Artists Records. Leaving to form his own music publishing company two years later, and simultaneously working as a recording artist. His first hits as a singer/songwriter/producer were by The Wombles, in 1974. After eight hit singles and four gold albums with The Wombles, he moved on to work with Steeleye Span ('All Around My Hat'), the Kursall Flyers ('Little Did She Know'), Elkie Brookes ('Lilac Wine'), Barbara Dickson ('Caravan Song') and Art Garfunkel ('Bright Eyes') all of which were top five in at least the UK. As a singer, his solo albums include 'Schizophonia' and 'Tarot Suite' (both with the London Symphony Orchestra). From these albums came the European hit songs 'Railway Hotel', 'Lady Of The Dawn', 'The Winds Of Change' and 'The Ride To Agadir'. He achieved the number four position as an artist in the UK charts in 1976 with his single 'Summertime City'. In 1980, he went off with his family aboard his boat 'Braemar', ending up in Australia after two and a half years, travelling via France, The West Indies,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Customary measuring units worksheets - Homeschool Math Customary measuring units worksheets [PAR] You are here: Home \u2192 Worksheets \u2192 customary units [PAR] Customary measuring units worksheets [PAR] Create an unlimited supply of worksheets for conversion of customary measurement units (inches, feet, yards, miles, ounces, pounds, tons, ounces, cups, pints, quarts, and gallons). The worksheets can be made in html or PDF format \u2014 both are easy to print. You can also customize them using the generator below . [PAR] Conversions between measuring units are studied all through elementary school, starting with very easy problems in grades 3-4 and advancing to converting measurements that use decimals in grades 5-7. [PAR] On this page you will find measuring worksheets for: [PAR] Grade 6 [PAR] Basic instructions for the worksheets [PAR] Each worksheet is randomly generated and thus unique. The answer key is automatically generated and is placed on the second page of the file. [PAR] You can generate the worksheets either in html or PDF format \u2014 both are easy to print. To get the PDF worksheet, simply push the button titled \"Create PDF\" or \"Make PDF worksheet\". To get the worksheet in html format, push the button \"View in browser\" or \"Make html worksheet\". This has the advantage that you can save the worksheet directly from your browser (choose File \u2192 Save) and then edit it in Word or other word processing program. [PAR] Sometimes the generated worksheet is not exactly what you want. Just try again! To get a different worksheet using the same options: [PAR] PDF format: come back to this page and push the button again. [PAR] Html format: simply refresh the worksheet page in your browser window. [PAR] Measurement unit worksheets for grade 3 (and grade 4) [PAR] Whole feet and inches - easy [PAR] (3 ft = ____ in or 60 in = ___ ft)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CHAIN REACTION - Diana Ross & The Bee Gees - YouTube CHAIN REACTION - Diana Ross & The Bee Gees - YouTube [PAR] CHAIN REACTION - Diana Ross & The Bee Gees [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 21, 2015 [PAR] \"Chain Reaction\" is a melodic R&B song, sung by Diana Ross, and written by the Bee Gees, who also provided the backing vocals for the single. The track was released on the album Eaten Alive in 1985 and as a single twice - in 1985 and again in 1986. [PAR] According to the Gibbs biography, the brothers had initial reservations about offering the song to Ross in case it was too Motown-like for her. [PAR] The single became Diana's second #1 hit in the UK Singles Chart. The song also hit #1 in Australia and was the top selling single of the year (1986) in that country. In New Zealand, it peaked at No. 3. In 1993, the song broke the UK top 20 again. [PAR] The song fared poorly in the US where it initially peaked at a disappointing #95 on the Billboard Hot 100 late in 1985. A few months later, a remixed version of the song was issued as a single (Ross performed this version of the song on the American Music Awards, which she hosted that year). The new version re-entered the chart and performed better, but with the diminished momentum, it stalled at #66 in Billboard and #77 in Cash Box. Nearly thirty years later, the song stands as Ross's last appearance on both 100-position charts. [PAR] Diana Ernestine Earle Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, actress, record producer and an occasional songwriter. Born and raised in Detroit, she rose to fame as a founding member and lead singer of the vocal group The Supremes, which, during the 1960s, became Motown's most successful act and is to this day America's most successful vocal group as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. As part of the Supremes, Ross most notably rivaled the career of the Beatles in worldwide popularity, and her success made it possible for future African American R&B and soul acts to find mainstream success. The group set a record scoring twelve number-one hit singles on the Billboard Hot 100. [PAR] Following her departure from the Supremes in 1970, Ross released her debut solo album, Diana Ross, which contained the hits \"Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)\" and the #1 hit \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\". She released the album Touch Me in the Morning in 1973. Its title track reached #1 becoming her second solo hit. By 1975, the Mahogany soundtrack included her 3rd number-one hit \"Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)\". Her 1976 album Diana Ross included her fourth #1 hit \"Love Hangover\". In 1979, Ross released her first gold certified album The Boss. Her 1980 album Diana which reached #2 on the Billboard albums chart and spawned the #1 hit \"Upside Down\" and the international hit \"I'm Coming Out\". After leaving Motown, Ross achieved her sixth and final #1 hit with the duet \"Endless Love\". [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fighter - Awards - IMDb The Fighter - Awards - IMDb [PAR] Mark Wahlberg [PAR] THE FIGHTER packs a punch with such power that it smashes through the boxing genre and into a ... More [PAR] THE FIGHTER packs a punch with such power that it smashes through the boxing genre and into a higher class. This true American tale is celebrated by director David O. Russell as an exploration of competitive dysfunction, while championing the fighter in each of the film's characters. Mark Wahlberg stands tall and proud as the significant heart of a film filled with knockout performances from Melissa Leo, Amy Adams and Christian Bale's Dicky, \"The Pride of Lowell,\" who spars with inner demons, but finds the will to be in his brother's corner when it counts. [PAR] African-American Film Critics Association (AAFCA) 2010 [PAR] Won"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catch-22 - Idioms by The Free Dictionary Catch-22 - Idioms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Catch-22 - Idioms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/Catch-22 [PAR] Related to Catch-22: Joseph Heller [PAR] Catch-22 [PAR] A no-win dilemma or paradox, similar to damned if I do, damned if I don't . For example, You can't get a job without experience, but you can't get experience unless you have a job-it's Catch-22 . The term gained currency as the title of a 1961 war novel by Joseph Heller, who referred to an Air Force rule whereby a pilot continuing to fly combat missions without asking for relief is regarded as insane, but is considered sane enough to continue flying if he does make such a request. [PAR] catch-22 [PAR] n. a directive that is impossible to obey without violating some other, equally important, directive. There was nothing I could do. It was a classic catch-22. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Write what you mean clearly and correctly. [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] With regard to the frequency of negation in Catch-22 and in the sections of general fiction in LOB-K and Brown-K, the most important conclusion is that negation is more frequent in Catch-22 than in LOB-K or Brown-K. [PAR] Prot U [PAR] It's a catch-22 for bathing operations in a nursing home: The demands of safer technology and risks of Legionella liability have stirred a trend toward institutional acceptance of the need to store hot water at 140[degrees]F or more and maintain water at 124[degrees]F or more in hot-water lines--temperatures that will neutralize or kill all bacteria. [PAR] Bathing safety for the elderly and disabled: can residents be protected from all hazards posed by bathing water? Technology's answer [PAR] Byatt's Essential Guide (0099452219) covers all her major themes, narrative techniques, and writings; Iris Murdoch (0099452227) covers Murdoch's works of literature and reveals the source of her ideas; and American Fiction: The Essential Guide (0099445069) provides an overview analysis of the major themes to American classics Catcher In The Rye, To Kill A Mockingbird, Native Son, and Catch-22.[DOC] [TLE] Why do we say 'Catch 22'? | Learn English Why do we say 'Catch 22'? | Learn English [PAR] Why do we say 'Catch 22'? [PAR] Average: 3.3 (10 votes) [PAR] Vocabulary [PAR] Meaning: an impossible 'no-win' situation [PAR] Originally exclusive to bureaucracy, and used to describe a regulation which depended on another, which in turn depended on the first, this idiom today is used to describe any no-win situation, or a situation which seems impossible or difficult because it contains two opposite facts. It originated from Joseph Heller\u2019s famous 1961 novel of the same name. [PAR] 'He couldn't get a job because he was homeless and he couldn't get a house because he didn't have a job. That's a real Catch 22'! [PAR] [PAR] Bookmark/Search this post with: [PAR] Signup to our newsletter \"English in your Inbox\" to receive your monthly fix of English by email. The newsletter includes useful lessons, competitions and book reviews."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ducks | North American Bird Species | CCNAB - Types of Birds Ducks | North American Birds | Birds of North America [PAR] Birds of North America [PAR] Lives, Habitats & Pictures of Ducks [PAR] Enter Bird's Name in Search Box: [PAR] www.birds-of-north-america.net [PAR] There are at least twenty-eight types of ducks living in North America, not included in these water birds are the eiders, loons, mergansers, smews, scoters and teals. [PAR] Among these different types, the birds can be grouped again into puddle, aka \"dabbling\" and diving ducks. The dabblers mostly feed in smaller bodies of shallow water or along shorelines, where they are able to tip their bodies forward to reach their food on the bottom. There are divers who feed in deeper water where they dive and pursue their quarry. Some of these birds, the Harlequin Duck for example, actually dives to the bottom of fast-flowing waters and feeds on life forms attached to rocks. [PAR] Click on the bird names listed below to see pictures of Ducks of North America"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lapsang souchong - WikiTea - Wikia Lapsang souchong | WikiTea | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] High grade lapsang souchong possesses a taste of dried longan for the first few brews. [PAR] Lapsang souchong's flavour is strong and smoky, similar to the smell of a barbecue or campfire , or of Latakia pipe tobacco. The flavour of the pine smoke is meant to complement the natural taste of the black tea, but should not overwhelm it. [PAR] Tea merchants marketing to westerners note that this variety of tea generally produces a strong reaction\u2014with most online reviews extremely positive or strongly negative. [PAR] Tea connoisseurs often note that Formosan lapsang souchong typically has a stronger flavour and aroma, the most extreme being tarry souchong (smoked, as the name implies, over burning pine tar). [PAR] Smoke roast [PAR] Edit [PAR] Smoke roast (\u718f\u7119 xun bei): Roasting in a bamboo basket called honglong (\u70d8\u7b3c) that is heated over burning firewood, which contributes to the dried longan aroma and smoky flavor. Pine tree was used as the firewood for lapsang souchong and contains the characteristic resin aroma and taste. [PAR] Chemistry [PAR] Edit [PAR] The unique aroma of lapsang souchong is due to a variety of chemical compounds. The two most abundant constituents of the aroma are longifolene and \u03b1-terpineol . Many of the compounds making up the aroma of lapsang souchong, including longifolene, originate only in the pine smoke, and are not found in other kinds of tea. [1] [PAR] Cultural references [PAR] Edit [PAR] In American author James A. Michener's 1974 historical novel Centennial , Rocky Mountain fur trapper Alexander McKeag describes lapsang souchong as \"a man's tea, deep and subtle and blended in some rugged place,\" ... \"better even than whisky.\" [2] [PAR] In Star Trek: The Next Generation, Captain Picard's tea of choice was originally intended by actor Patrick Stewart to be lapsang souchong, but was changed to Earl Grey by the writers, as it was more familiar with the American audience. [PAR] Colin Hay , singer from the Australian band Men at Work references lapsang souchong in his song \"Beautiful World,\" from his 2001 album Going Somewhere . [PAR] The hit TV show, The Mentalist, the protagonist's (Patrick Jane, an inveterate tea drinker) favorite tea is Lapsang Souchong. [PAR] References[DOC] [TLE] What is Lapsang Souchong Tea? | Tea Forte What is Lapsang Souchong Tea? | Tea Forte [PAR] Checkout our Black Teas: Lapsang Souchong [PAR] They ship fast and free (above a minimum). Get your favorite's now! [PAR] The History, Preparation and Characteristics that Make this Chinese Tea Special [PAR] You may have heard of Lapsang Souchong tea, a unique variety of black tea that originated in China. This tea is known for the smoky flavor that makes it pleasantly different from other teas. How did this tea come to be, and where can you find it today? [PAR] Origins and History [PAR] Like many types of tea, the true history of the smoked variety of Souchong is tangled up in legends. Many claim that all black tea originated in Tongmu Village in the Wuyishan Mountains of Fujian province in China. The story goes that, once upon a time, all the tea produced in Tongmu was green tea, which was traded with Europeans. One year, soldiers moved through the area, occupying the village of Tongmu during tea harvesting time. Recently harvested tea wound up sitting and oxidizing, thus becoming black tea. After the soldiers moved out, the villagers returned and were devastated to find that their tea had been \u201cruined.\u201d One of them suggested trying"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bridget Jones | Facebook \u00b7 November 16, 2016 \u00b7 [PAR] \"Helen Fielding has been delighting readers since 1996 with the Bridget Jones series, books that both reinvented and exalted the diary format. Bridget is back in Mad About The Boy, and as wonderfully human as ever. This third installment in the series weaves together the messy, manic, utterly relatable diary entries we expect, with some delightfully 2010s additions (Bridget Jones on Twitter!) Our heroine has a whole new host of twists and turns to navigate in the digital age. Be prepared for some real time emotion as well, amid the hijinks\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Third Man (1949) - IMDb The Third Man (1949) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Pulp novelist Holly Martins travels to shadowy, postwar Vienna, only to find himself investigating the mysterious death of an old friend, Harry Lime. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 29 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 19 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The Third Man (1949) [PAR] 8.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 4 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A stark, perverse story of murder, kidnapping, and police corruption in a Mexican border town. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] A hack screenwriter writes a screenplay for a former silent-film star who has faded into Hollywood obscurity. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] An insurance representative lets himself be talked into a murder/insurance fraud scheme that arouses an insurance investigator's suspicions. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] A private detective takes on a case that involves him with three eccentric criminals, a gorgeous liar, and their quest for a priceless statuette. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Fred Dobbs and Bob Curtin, two Americans searching for work in Mexico, convince an old prospector to help them mine for gold in the Sierra Madre Mountains. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] When the police in a German city are unable to catch a child-murderer, other criminals join in the manhunt. [PAR] Director: Fritz Lang [PAR] A man tries to rise in his company by letting its executives use his apartment for trysts, but complications and a romance of his own ensue. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] When two male musicians witness a mob hit, they flee the state in an all-female band disguised as women, but further complications set in. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] A hapless New York advertising executive is mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies, and is pursued across the country while he looks for a way to survive. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A veteran British barrister must defend his client in a murder trial that has surprise after surprise. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] A self-conscious bride is tormented by the memory of her husband's dead first wife. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] An out of work pulp fiction novelist, Holly Martins, arrives in a post war Vienna divided into sectors by the victorious allies, and where a shortage of supplies has lead to a flourishing black market. He arrives at the invitation of an ex-school friend, Harry Lime, who has offered him a job, only to discover that Lime has recently died in a peculiar traffic accident. From talking to Lime's friends and associates Martins soon notices that some of the stories are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles, Prince of Wales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Charles, Prince of Wales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Charles, Prince of Wales [PAR] \"Prince Charles\" redirects here. For other people known as Prince Charles, see Prince Charles (disambiguation) . [PAR] Prince Charles [PAR] Prince of Wales; Scot : Duke of Rothesay [PAR] Spouse [PAR] Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor [PAR] Titles [PAR] HRH The Prince of Wales [PAR] HRH The Duke of Cornwall [PAR] HRH Prince Charles of Edinburgh [PAR] Buckingham Palace , London [PAR] The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor ; born Windsor , 14 November 1948 ), is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . He is Heir Apparent to the respective thrones of the United Kingdom and the other 15 Commonwealth Realms . He has held the title of Prince of Wales since 1958, and is styled HRH The Prince of Wales, except in Scotland , where he is styled HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay , and (unofficially) in Cornwall, where he is known as \"The Duke of Cornwall\". Constitutionally, he is the first in line to the throne, but third in order of precedence , following his parents. [PAR] The Prince of Wales is well-known for his extensive charity work, particularly for the Prince's Trust . He also carries out a full schedule of royal duties and, increasingly, is taking on more royal roles from his ageing parents. The Prince is also well known for his marriages to the late Diana, Princess of Wales and, subsequently, to Camilla, The Duchess of Cornwall . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Prince Charles was born on 14 November 1948 at Buckingham Palace . His father is The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , eldest son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Alice of Battenberg . At the time of his birth, his mother was The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh , the elder daughter of King George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and his father was The Duke of Edinburgh (having not yet been created a Prince of the United Kingdom). His mother was Heiress Presumptive to the British throne at the time of the Prince's birth. The Prince was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 15 December 1948 by the Archbishop of Canterbury , Dr Geoffrey Fisher and his godparents were: King George VI , Queen Mary , Princess Margaret , the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven , Hon. David Bowes-Lyon , Lady Brabourne , King Haakon VII of Norway (for whom the Earl of Athlone stood proxy) and Prince George of Greece (for whom Prince Philip stood proxy). [PAR] Under letters patent issued by the Prince's great grandfather, King George V , the title of a British prince and the style His Royal Highness was only available to the children and grandchildren in the male-line of the sovereign and the eldest son of the Prince of Wales. As Charles was a female-line grandchild of the sovereign, he would have taken his title from his father, The Duke of Edinburgh, and would have been styled by courtesy as Earl of Merioneth . However the title of Prince and Princess, with the style HRH was granted to all the children of Princess Elizabeth by new letters patent issued by King George VI. In this way the children of the heiress presumptive had a royal and princely status not thought necessary for the children of King George VI's other daughter, Princess Margaret . Thus from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Dance - IMDb Charles Dance - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Director | Writer [PAR] Charles Dance is an English actor, screenwriter, and film director. Dance typically plays assertive bureaucrats or villains. Some of his most high-profile roles are Tywin Lannister in HBO's Game of Thrones (2011), Guy Perron in The Jewel in the Crown (1984), Sardo Numspa in The Golden Child (1986), Dr. Jonathan Clemens in Alien 3 (1992), Benedict ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 30 people [PAR] created 17 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 people [PAR] created 01 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 13 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 14 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Charles Dance's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 10 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2015 Childhood's End (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Karellen [PAR] 2013 Common Ground (TV Series short) [PAR] Floyd [PAR] 2007 Consenting Adults (TV Movie) [PAR] Jack Wolfenden [PAR] 2006 Agatha Christie's Marple (TV Series) [PAR] Septimus Bligh [PAR] 2005 Titanic: Birth of a Legend (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Narrator (voice) [PAR] 2005 Last Rights (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Wheeler [PAR] 2004 Don Bosco (TV Movie) [PAR] Marchese Clementi [PAR] 2004 When Hitler Invaded Britain (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Narrator (voice) [PAR] 2003 Trial & Retribution (TV Series) [PAR] Greg Harwood [PAR] 2002 Foyle's War (TV Series) [PAR] Guy Spencer [PAR] 2000 Randall & Hopkirk (Deceased) (TV Series) [PAR] Kenneth Crisby [PAR] 2000 Justice in Wonderland (TV Movie) [PAR] Neil Hamilton [PAR] 1991 The Flying Doctors (TV Series) [PAR] Minister [PAR] 1986 Screen Two (TV Series) [PAR] Paul Hatcher [PAR] 1985 Time for Murder (TV Series) [PAR] James Latimer [PAR] 1980-1984 Play for Today (TV Series) [PAR] Captain John Truman / Colin [PAR] 1983 The Last Day (TV Movie) [PAR] Alan [PAR] 1983 The Professionals (TV Series) [PAR] Parker [PAR] 1982 Frost in May (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Reynaud Callaghan [PAR] 1982 Nancy Astor (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Edward Hartford-Jones [PAR] 1974 Father Brown (TV Series) [PAR] Commandant Neil O'Brien [PAR] 1974 The Inheritors (TV Series) [PAR] Simon Leadbetter [PAR] - Fathers and Sons (1974) ... Simon Leadbetter [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2004 Ladies in Lavender (written by) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2004 Ladies in Lavender (executive producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2014 Good Morning America (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2014 Room 101 (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2011-2013 Living the Life (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Introduction / Himself [PAR] 2013 The Science of Doctor Who (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself - Participant [PAR] 2013 Speeches That Shook the World (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself - Actor [PAR] 2013 Cinema 3 (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] - The Unseen Bits (2013) ... Himself (as Charles Dance OBE) [PAR] - Episode #7.2 (2013) ... Himself (as Charles Dance OBE) [PAR] 2013 Top Gear (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Special Guest [PAR] 2013 Goodbye Granadaland (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2012 Words of the Titanic (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Narrator (voice) [PAR] 2012 This Week (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2011 Neverland: Where It All Began (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2011 Making Mischief (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009 Merlin: Secrets & Magic (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009 The One Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 Drama"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Sheen - Mashable Charlie Sheen [PAR] Topics [PAR] Charlie Sheen [PAR] Carlos Irwin Est\u00e9vez (born September 3, 1965), better known by his stage name Charlie Sheen, is an American actor. He has appeared in films such as Platoon (1986), The Wraith (1986), Wall Street (1987), Major League (1989), Hot Shots! (1991), Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993), Scary Movie 3 (2003), and Scary Movie 4 (2006). On television, Sheen is known for his roles on Spin City, Two and a Half Men, and Anger Management. In 2010, Sheen was the highest paid actor on television and earned US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men. [PAR] Sheen's personal life has also made headlines, including reports about alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems, as well as allegations of domestic violence. He was fired from his role on Two and a Half Men by CBS and Warner Bros. on March 7, 2011. Sheen subsequently announced a nationwide tour. [PAR] Sheen was born Carlos Irwin Estevez in New York City, the youngest son and third of four children of actor Martin Sheen and artist Janet Templeton. His paternal..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup | Vanity Fair The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup | Vanity Fair [PAR] The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup [PAR] SIGN UP FOR NEWSLETTER [PAR] The Saatchi Brothers\u2019 Breakup [PAR] Maurice and Charles Saatchi sold Margaret Thatcher to Britain and the Concorde to the world; by the mid-1980s their advertising company was the biggest on the planet. Then Charles was eased out, and Maurice was ousted in a boardroom coup. Fiammetta Rocco traces the story behind the brothers\u2019 tempestuous departure, including a $38 million revelation, a battle for revenge, and the birth of the New Saatchi Agency. [PAR] Twitter [PAR] \u2018Make no mistake,\u201d said a Saatchi & Saatchi senior staffer in the wake of recent events which have threatened the company\u2019s future and shaken the entire advertising world, \u201call of this, every single move the company makes, is revenge. Revenge! Revenge! Revenge!\u201d [PAR] This tale of vengeance begins with a man at a window. [PAR] The view from Maurice Saatchi\u2019s old office is surprisingly ordinary. Hardly what you\u2019d expect for the co-founder of an upstart advertising agency that became a vast creative giant, the most famous name in the field. Still, there is something soothing about the sooty skyline of London, and Saatchi needed soothing last December 16, when his board of directors kept him waiting for seven hours in the purgatory of his bright bunker with its white desk and white walls. [PAR] Within days, he would join Elvis, Madonna, Charles and Diana as a British tabloid icon recognizable by only his first name: Maurice Versus the Beancounters. Or Maurice Stages a Talent Raid. But on that December day, there was only the skyline for distraction, the city lights, and the company of his older brother Charles, with whom Maurice has shared a business partnership and a fraternal rivalry that reminds public-relations maestro Sir Tim Bell of Cain and Abel. [PAR] \u201cThe level of rage,\u201d says Bell, \u201cis extraordinary.\u201d [PAR] On that December day, however, Cain and Abel spoke in quiet tones. And what did they discuss? \u201cI don\u2019t know,\u201d Maurice says. \u201cI just remember being there a very long time.\u201d [PAR] Down the hall, the Saatchi board was sequestered behind closed doors. Their topic was ostensibly confidential, though such was the company\u2019s fame that speculation about the outcome of the meeting was splashed over the morning papers. Maurice Saatchi was under siege. For nearly 25 years, he had ruled a company defined by the phrase \u201cNothing is impossible\u201d and an attitude of gunslinging self-assurance so profound that insiders called it \u201cthe virus.\u201d He had stood at the center of his company\u2019s every victory: the momentous occasion when a handful of brazen campaign posters won the undying loyalty of Margaret Thatcher and the Conservatives; the day when Saatchi\u2019s seemingly life-size poster of the Concorde ascending was installed near the Queens Midtown Tunnel in Manhattan; the time in 1986 when the agency\u2019s London share price hit a high of $78 (an increase of more than 10,000 percent on the launch price); the premiere of the hugely successful \u201cTastes Great, Less Filling\u201d campaign for Miller Lite; the opening of the agency\u2019s landmark Manhattan fortress, with its rooftop running track; the 43rd corporate acquisition, when Saatchi became the largest advertising company on the face of the globe. [PAR] That was then. Saatchi & Saatchi\u2019s current offices, at 83\u201389 Whitfield Street in Fitzrovia, a rather drab London neighborhood, now seem emblematic of a frailer spirit. The sixth-floor boardroom is functional, devoid of expensive canvases, representative of a style the Italians call meschino, or \u201cmean.\u201d The table is large, but not imposing."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fifty Shades of Grey film: Dakota Johnson and Charlie ... Fifty Shades of Grey film: Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam cast - Telegraph [PAR] Film news [PAR] Fifty Shades of Grey film: Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam cast [PAR] Fifty Shades of Grey author EL James has announced that Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam will play the main characters of Anastasia and Christian Grey in the forthcoming film. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson have been cast in the Fifty Shades of Grey movie Photo: Getty [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] Dakota Johnson has been cast as Anastasia in the Fifty Shades of Grey film Photo: Getty Images [PAR] By Alice Vincent , Entertainment writer, online [PAR] 4:29PM BST 02 Sep 2013 [PAR] Follow [PAR] After months of speculation, actress and model Dakota Johnson has been announced to play Anastasia in the Fifty Shades of Grey film , while Charlie Hunnam will play Christian Grey. [PAR] EL James, the author behind the erotic trilogy and, according to Forbes, the richest writer in the world, broke the news on her Twitter feed on Monday . Ms James wrote: \"I am delighted to let you know that the lovely Dakota Johnson has agreed to be our Anastasia in the film adaptation of Fifty Shades of Grey.\" An hour later, she posted: \"The gorgeous and talented Charlie Hunnam will be Christian Grey in the film adaptation of Fifty Shades of Grey.\" [PAR] Johnson, who is 23, is the daughter of actors Don Johnson and Melanie Griffith. She has appeared on screen with Griffith in Crazy in Alabama, her film debut in 1999, but is better known for supporting roles in rom-com The Five Year Engagement and Facebook film, The Social Network, in which she appeared opposite Justin Timberlake. [PAR] LOOK: Victor Rasuk cast as Christian Grey in 50 Shades of Grey [PAR] Newcastle-born Hunnam, who is 33, came to fame after appearing in popular North East TV series, Byker Grove. He has since appeared in Cold Mountain in 2003, Children of Men and, most recently, starred in Guillermo Del Toro's Pacific Rim as the retired fighter pilot Raleigh Becket. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] The producers of The Social Network , Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti, are producing Fifty Shades of Grey after being hand-picked by James. It was announced in June that British artist and filmmaker Sam Taylor-Wood would direct the film . [PAR] Ever since film interest in making the best-selling trilogy was made public in March 2012, Fifty Shades fans have been guessing which actors would be cast in the picture. Previously, Emma Watson, Mila Kunis and Elizabeth Olson have all denied any association with the role of Anastasia, or Ana, the na\u00efve university student who gets into a relationship with the older and domineering millionaire, Christian Grey. [PAR] Hunman was among the few contenders thought to be connected to the role of Grey, along with Michael Fassbender, Robert Pattinson and Ian Somerhalder. [PAR] The Fifty Shades of Grey film is due for release in August 2014."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Bronson biography | birthday, trivia | American ... Charles Bronson biography | birthday, trivia | American Actor | Who2 [PAR] Charles Bronson Biography [PAR] [PAR] Name at birth: Charles Buchinsky (Buchinski) [PAR] Movie star Charles Bronson is best known for starring in a run of urban crime dramas in the 1970s, including The Mechanic (1972), Mr. Majestyk (1974) and the original Death Wish (1974). [PAR] Raised in the coal-mining region of Pennsylvania, Charles Bronson served in the United States Air Force during World War II, then ended up in California to study art and work as an actor. During the early 1950s he worked in television and movies, typecast as a tough-guy because of his craggy features and muscular build. By the 1960s his roles were bigger and so were the movies in which he appeared, including The Magnificent Seven (1960, with James Coburn ), Kid Galahad (1962, starring Elvis ), The Great Escape (1963, with Steve McQueen ) and The Dirty Dozen (1967, starring Lee Marvin ). [PAR] Then Charles Bronson went to Europe to make movies and became an international star; the Italians called him \u201cIl Brutto\u201d and the French called him \u201cle Monstre Sacr\u00e9.\u201d During the 1970s and \u201980s he was a top box-office draw in the U.S. and Europe, appearing in two or three action movies a year. By the mid-1990s his appearances were few and far between as his health deteriorated. [PAR] His films include the original House of Wax (1953), Machine-Gun Kelly (1958, a Roger Corman movie), Once Upon a Time in the West (1968, starring Henry Fonda ), The Valachi Papers (1972) and Hard Times (1975). [PAR] Extra credit [PAR] Charles Bronson was married to Jill Ireland, a co-star in many of his films, from 1968 until her death in 1990. Ireland had been previously married to David McCallum , Bronson\u2019s co-star from The Great Escape\u2026 Charles Bronson was married two other times: to Harrier Tendler (from 1949 until their divorce in 1967) and to Kim Weeks (from 1998 until his death in 2003).[DOC] [TLE] Jill Ireland on Pinterest | Charles Bronson, Ireland and ... 1000+ images about Jill Ireland on Pinterest | English, Vintage swim and The mechanic [PAR] Forward [PAR] Actress Jill Ireland was born 4-24-36 -- she was married to Scottish actor David McCallum. On Oct 5, 1968, she married fellow actor Charles Bronson. They remained married until her passing in 1990 from breast cancer. They are shown here walking in Santa Monica, Cali in the early 70s [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IATA Airport codes - Alphabetical List By City Name IATA Airport codes - Alphabetical List By City Name [PAR] IATA AIRPORT CODES [PAR] Airports are listed here by city name. [PAR] Click on a letter below to see the cities [PAR] starting from that letter, or use the scroll bar. [PAR] You can also search this list via the Edit/Find feature [PAR] of your web browser. [PAR] ABZ - Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom Dyce [PAR] ABR - Aberdeen, SD, USA Aberdeen Regional Airport [PAR] AHB - Abha, Saudi Arabia - Abha Airport [PAR] ABJ - Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire Port Bouet [PAR] ABI - Abilene, TX, USA Municipal [PAR] AUH - Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi International [PAR] ABS - Abu Simbel, Egypt Abu Simbel [PAR] ABV - Abuja, Nigeria - Abuja International Airport [PAR] ACA - Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico Alvarez International [PAR] ACC - Accra, Ghana Kotoka [PAR] ADK - Adak Island, Alaska, USA, Adak Island Airport [PAR] ADA - Adana, Turkey Adana [PAR] ADD - Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Bole [PAR] ADL - Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Adelaide [PAR] ADE - Aden, Yemen - Aden International Airport [PAR] AGA - Agadir, Morocco Inezgane [PAR] GUM - Agana, Guam, Guam Ab Wonpat Intl Airport [PAR] IXA - Agartala, India Singerbhil [PAR] AGF - Agen, France La Garenne [PAR] AGR - Agra, India Kheria [PAR] AJI - Agri, Turkey - Agri Airport [PAR] BQN - Aguadilla, PR, USA [PAR] IKA \u2013 Ahmadabad (Tehran), Iran - Imam Khomeini International Airport [PAR] AMD - Ahmedabad, India Ahmedabad [PAR] AWZ - Ahwaz, Iran - Ahwaz Airport [PAR] QXB - Aix-En-Provence, France - Aix-En-Provence Airport [PAR] AJA - Ajaccio, Corsica, France Campo Dell Oro [PAR] AXT - Akita, Japan - Akita Airport [PAR] CAK - Akron/Canton, OH, USA AkronCanton Regional Airport [PAR] AKU - Aksu, China - Aksu Airport [PAR] PVK - Aktion, Greece - Preveza-Lefkas Airport [PAR] AKV - Akulivik, Canada - Akulivik Airport [PAR] AEY - Akureyri, Iceland Akureyri [PAR] KQA - Akutan, Alaska, USA - Akutan Airport [PAR] AAN - Al Ain, United Arab Emirates - Al Ain Airport [PAR] AAC - Al Arish, Egypt - Al Arish Airport [PAR] ABT - Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia - Al Baha-Al Aqiq Airport [PAR] AHU - Al Hoceima, Morocco - Al Hoceima Airport [PAR] ALM - Alamogordo, NM, USA [PAR] ALS - Alamosa, CO, USA Bergman Field [PAR] ABC - Albacete, Spain - Albacete Airport [PAR] ABY - Albany, GA, USA Dougherty County [PAR] ALB - Albany, NY, USA Albany County Airport [PAR] ALL - Albenga, Italy - Albenga Airport [PAR] ABQ - Albuquerque, NM, USA Albuquerque International Airport [PAR] ABX - Albury, New South Wales, Australia Albury [PAR] ACI - Alderney, Channel Islands, United Kingdom The Blaye [PAR] WKK - Aleknagik, Alaska, USA - Aleknagik Airport [PAR] AED - Aleneva, Alaska, USA - Aleneva Airport [PAR] ALP - Aleppo, Syria Nejrab [PAR] HBE - ALexandria, Egypt Borg El Arab Airport [PAR] AEX - Alexandria, LA, USA Alexandria Intl Airport [PAR] XFS - Alexandria, Ontario, Canada Alexandria / Via Rail Service [PAR] AXD - Alexandroupolis, Greece Alexandroupolis [PAR] AHO - Alghero, Sardinia, Italy Fertilia [PAR] ALG - Algiers, Algeria Houari Boumedienne [PAR] ALC - Alicante, Spain Alicante [PAR] ASP - Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia Alice Springs [PAR] IXD - Allahabad, India Bamrauli [PAR] ABE - Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton International, PA, USA [PAR] ABE - Allentown, PA, USA AllentownBethlehemEaston Airport [PAR] AIA - Alliance, NE, USA [PAR] AOR - Alor Setar, Malaysia Sultan Abdul Halim [PAR] GUR - Alotau, Papua New Guinea Gurney [PAR] APN - Alpena, MI, USA Alpena Regional Airport [PAR] ALE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Bond Music - James Bond Theme, films scores, title ... James Bond Music - James Bond Theme, films scores, title songs and the Bond 007 Composers [PAR] Video Game Music [PAR] The music of James Bond [PAR] The \"Bond Music Style\" is so familiar to people, that it sometimes seems as though it was always there. But in fact it took a lot of effort to establish all the recognisable facets of this style. Monty Norman had scored most of the first movie \"Dr. No\" but neither he nor the film-makers were completely satisfied that they had captured the essence of Bond. John Barry was brought in and orchestrated one of Norman's songs on electric guitar, and the unmistakeable Bond Theme had arrived. Barry was asked to score the next film \"From Russia with Love\" which had a theme tune and incidental music incorporating elements of the Bond theme and its style. The theme song for the next film Goldfinger was written to be larger than life and Shirley Bassey was asked to sing it in her powerful voice. [PAR] By now all the elements of the Bond Style were fully established and that format continued throughout the series, with John Barry staying on as composer for many years. A few other composers did one-off stints with Bond films, and there were several attempts to update the format and introduce pop songs and artists. It wasn't until the late 90s that David Arnold successfully updated the mix by introducing techno beats into the high-octane chase sequences, and Arnold remained as the resident Bond composer for several movies. The recent Daniel Craig movies have reinvented the series and the music has also gone Back to Basics. Skyfall saw another change in direction with music by Thomas Newman and an oscar-winning title song by Adele. The same team have largely returned for the latest Bond film Spectre , and Sam Smith sings the title song for Spectre called \"Writing's on the Wall\" composed by Smith with regular collaborator Jimmy Napes. [PAR] Let's now look in more detail at the origins of the James Bond Sound: [PAR] James Bond Theme [PAR] The Bond Theme is such a vital part of the overall Bond sound that it is essential to look at its genesis first. Monty Norman had already scored much of the first Bond film \"Dr. No\" but was struggling to capture the essence of Bond with a suitable main theme. \"Under the Mango Tree\" was even considered as the title theme at one point! The producers liked some of the John Barry 's existing work so they asked him to help out, and to cut a long story short Barry arranged an existing melody of Norman's to create the main theme. The credits for Dr. No read \"music composed by Monty Norman\" and the James Bond theme \"played by John Barry and Orchestra\". So John Barry didn't receive a credit for the arrangement, but as a consolation price he had got his foot in the door of this major franchise and was to score many subsequent Bond films. [PAR] Of course the story doesn't quite end there, and there have been two court cases concerning the matter when newspapers published articles claiming that Barry had written or substantially written the theme. Both courts ruled that Monty Norman composed the theme and that John Barry arranged it. To some people there is a lingering feeling of injustice, not just in this instance but in many instances where the creativity of an arranger is not recognised. To take an extreme ficticious"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] For Your Eyes Only (1981) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] For the twelfth installment of the James Bond franchise (and Roger Moore's fifth turn in the lead role), the decision was made to, (aside from the cold opening) return the series to a more grounded and series route with focus on intrigue over gimmickry. And the results are mostly pretty successful. What we have here is Bond being sent on a mission to infiltrate the Greek underworld in order to locate and recover a missile command system, a task that also sees him getting caught up in an interlinked revenge plot. Revenge is actually a main theme throughout, and I liked it. Our main Bond girl is on a quest to avenge the deaths of her parents, and the cold opening sees Bond get vengeance on longtime arch nemesis Blofeld for good, though, due to legal reasons, he isn't called that. It's still obvious that's who it is though. I did enjoy this film, but I will be honest and say that it is a tad slow and times, and that it often feels dragged out and longer than the running time suggests. I appreciated that they toned down the camp, but aside from a few decently staged action sequences (the diving and fortress assault scenes especially) this one isn't really all that memorable, and the main villain is also not all that noteworthy or memorable. All in all though, this is one of Moore's better films, and I'd place it in the upper middle of his era when it comes to rankings. [PAR] Chris Weber [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] excellent locations, but the villain, story, action, and bond girl were all very forgettable. the villain switch was very clever, but overall a very lackluster addition to the bond series. [PAR] danny d [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] From the outrageous and exciting opening to it`s hang on to your seat conclusion, this Bond is truly For Your Eyes Only. A fun, imaginative, tense and exhilarating action-adventure. It`s true escapist fun that does not let up for a minute. Moore rocks more than ever with his irresistible charm and humor. Carole Bouquet is dazzling and gorgeous. [PAR] Al S[DOC] [TLE] Daniel Craig will star in at least five James Bond films ... Daniel Craig will star in at least five James Bond films, taking his tenure through the 25th entry in the series :: Movies :: MI6 :: The Home Of James Bond 007 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Daniel Craig will star in at least five James Bond films, taking his tenure through the 25th entry in the series... [PAR] 5 Bonds For Craig [PAR] 6th September 2012 [PAR] Daniel Craig will play James Bond in at least five films in the EON Productions series, MI6 can confirm. He has already completed shooting on his third outing, \" Skyfall \", which will open nationwide in the UK on October 26th. His remaining contracted fourth and fifth films will be the 24th and 25th movies in the official series respectively. [PAR] Sony Pictures, who through a new co-financing deal with MGM , are also set to continue their relationship that started with \" Casino Royale \" in to Bond 24. Studio executives have been alluding to a return to the two-year cycle to produce the 007 adventures, which would peg Bond 24 as a late 2014 release. [PAR] This schedule may be too aggressive for the artistic process at EON Productions, who have savoured the longer than usual break between films to craft the script for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eye of the Tiger - Rock Band Wiki - Wikia Eye of the Tiger | Rock Band Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Eye of the Tiger [PAR] Male singer [PAR] Vocal Tambourine [PAR] Eye of the Tiger is a song by Survivor which was the theme song to Rocky III, which was the biggest movie of 1982. Tony Scotti was the president of Survivor's record label, and he played Sylvester Stallone some tracks from the previous Survivor album, Premonition. Stallone thought the sound, writing style and street appeal could fit in his new movie, so he called called Jim Peterik and Frankie Sullivan, who were Survivor's primary songwriters, and left messages on their answering machines. Says Peterik, \"Answering machines were still something of a novelty back then and to see that blinking light was a thrill. When I pressed the playback button I heard, \"Hey, yo, Jim, that's a nice message you got there. This is Sylvester Stallone.' It was too thick to be really him, but it was him. That's really the way he talks.\" [PAR] The first 2 Rocky movies used a very popular orchestral theme written by Bill Conti. That song, \"Gonna Fly Now,\" was a #1 hit in 1977. Says Peterik: \"We didn't want to do anything like that. Stallone, in his first conversation to us, he made it real clear he wanted to distance himself from that first song. To him, it was great, but he wanted something to get to the youth market, the cutting edge. Looking back at age 53, it's hilarious to think I was once part of the cutting edge. We attempted to steer clear of the 'Gonna Fly Now' thing.\" [PAR] Peterik: \"When we got the initial rough cut of the movie, the scene that 'Eye Of The Tiger' appears in was cut to 'Another One Bites The Dust' by Queen. Frankie and I are watching this, the punches are being thrown, and we're going, 'Holy crap, this is working like a charm.' We called Stallone and said, 'Why aren't you using that?' He goes, 'Well, we can't get the publishing rights to it.' Frankie and I looked at each other and went, 'Man, this is going to be tough to beat.' We had the spirit of, 'We've got to try to top this.' I started doing that now-famous dead string guitar riff and started slashing those chords to the punches we saw on the screen, and the whole song took shape in the next 3 days.\" [PAR] In the movie, Rocky Balboa is shown resting on his laurels, living the good life, doing American Express commercials and photo-ops and slacking off his training regimen. In stark contrast were scenes of the ominous Mr. T, training hard, sweating, bleeding and pouring out every last ounce of effort to become the boxing champion of the world. After the death of Rocky's trainer, played by Burgess Meredith, Rocky's friend (and former rival) Apollo Creed, played by Carl Weathers, implores Rocky to get back \"The Eye Of The Tiger,\" meaning his edge and his hunger to be the champ. [PAR] Peterik: \"Frankie came in with the lines, 'Back on the street, doin' time, taking chances.' I loved those lines immediately and suggested, 'Rising up, back on the street, did my time, took my chances' to make it fit with the story line and to make the rhythm of the words fit the music I was hearing in my head. That was certainly the lyrical spark that got the song started. The next two hours flew by in a flash"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stanley Kubrick [matthewhunt.com] Stanley Kubrick [matthewhunt.com] [PAR] (broadcast in 1952-1953; Kubrick was photographed on the set by [PAR] The Kentucky Courier-Journal [PAR] , 26/10/1952). Marlon Brando asked him to direct and co-write [PAR] One-Eyed Jacks [PAR] (1961), and they collaborated on a revision of the screenplay, though in the end Brando directed the film himself and Kubrick did not receive a screen credit. He also worked briefly (again uncredited) on the set of Lewis Gilbert's film [PAR] The Spy Who Loved Me [PAR] (1977), lighting the supertanker set under condition of anonymity. [PAR] Day Of The Fight [PAR] (1951) [PAR] 16 minutes, black-and-white, 1.37:1. Directed, produced, written, and photographed by Stanley Kubrick. A documentary about boxer Walter Cartier preparing for a match in New York, released as part of RKO's [PAR] This Is America [PAR] series (though an alternate version omits the [PAR] This Is America [PAR] title). Cartier was the subject of a photo-spread by Kubrick for [PAR] Look [PAR] , and was therefore a natural choice for this suitably fast-paced film. Kubrick, who worked uncredited as the film's sound recordist, also appears in the film himself: he can be seen loading his camera at the ringside. [PAR] Flying Padre [PAR] (1951) [PAR] 9 minutes, black-and-white, 1.37:1. Directed by Stanley Kubrick. A documentary about Fred Stadtmuller, released as part of RKO's [PAR] Pathe Screenliner [PAR] series. Stadtmuller, a priest from New Mexico who travelled around his parish by aeroplane, is an unusual topic for a Kubrick film, and the subject-matter was presumably imposed on the director rather than chosen by him. Consequently, [PAR] Flying Padre [PAR] has little of the kinetic energy Kubrick demonstrated in [PAR] Day Of The Fight [PAR] . Though no screen credit is given, Kubrick was the film's writer and cinematographer. [PAR] The Seafarers [PAR] (1953) [PAR] 30 minutes, colour, 1.37:1. Directed and photographed by Stanley Kubrick. Kubrick was commissioned by the Seafarers International Union to produce this promotional documentary, and [PAR] The Seafarers [PAR] serves this purpose though it seems much more of a pedestrian exercise than a typically Kubrickian film. It is significant, however, as it was Kubrick's first film in colour. Some versions begin with a few seconds of silent footage from the workprint. [PAR] Fear And Desire [PAR] (1953) [PAR] 68 minutes, black-and-white, 1.37:1. Directed, produced, photographed, edited, and co-written by Stanley Kubrick. An existential drama set during an un-named war, starring Frank Silvera and Paul Mazursky. [PAR] Fear And Desire [PAR] was filmed with a skeleton cast and crew of less than ten people, and Kubrick even publicised the film himself (photographing the stars for posters and lobby cards). [PAR] Kubrick subsequently regarded the film as below his later standards and suppressed its distribution, however there were occasional screenings of archival prints at American film festivals. The film was initially available only as a bootleg video, though a restored version was released after Kubrick's death. [PAR] Killer's Kiss [PAR] (1955) [PAR] 67 minutes, black-and-white, 1.37:1. Directed, co-produced, edited, and photographed by Stanley Kubrick. A Noir thriller whose archetypal plot involves a boxer throwing a rigged fight, starring Jamie Smith and Irene Kane. [PAR] Killer's Kiss [PAR] includes a solarised sequence filmed surreptitiously on the streets of New York and a surreal fight in a mannequin factory. Kubrick was photographed on the set by [PAR] Life [PAR] magazine in 1954. Despite the ambiguous screen credit 'Story by Stanley Kubrick', Kubrick actually co-wrote the film's screenplay. [PAR] A scene in which Smith fondles Kane's breasts, which was cut from the film at her request, may have been present in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birds - Peacocks on Pinterest | Peacocks, Peacock Feathers ... 1000+ images about Birds - Peacocks on Pinterest | Peacock chair, Peacocks and Feathers [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] Birds - Peacocks [PAR] All Things Peacock - Peafowl are two Asiatic and one African species of flying bird in the genus Pavo of the pheasant family, Phasianidae, best known for the male's extravagant eye-spotted tail covert feathers, which it displays as part of courtship. The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen, and the offspring peachicks. The adult female peafowl is grey and/or brown. Peachicks can be between yellow and a tawny colour with darker brown patches. [PAR] 1.29k Pins1.3k Followers[DOC] [TLE] A majestic peacock - YouTube A majestic peacock - YouTube [PAR] A majestic peacock [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 4, 2013 [PAR] Peafowl are two Asiatic and one African species of flying bird in the genus Pavo of the pheasant family, Phasianidae, best known for the male's extravagant eye-spotted tail covert feathers, which it displays as part of courtship. The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen, and the offspring pea chicks. The adult female peafowl is grey and/or brown. Peachicks can be between yellow and a tawny colour with darker brown patches or light tan and ivory, also referred to as \"dirty white\". The term also embraces the Congo Peafowl, which is placed in a separate genus Afropavo. [PAR] The species are: Indian Peafowl, Pavo cristatus, a resident breeder in South Asia. The peacock is designated as the national bird of India. Green Peafowl, Pavo muticus. Breeds from Burma east to Java. The IUCN lists the Green Peafowl as endangered due to hunting and a reduction in extent and quality of habitat. It is a national symbol in the history of Burma. Congo Peafowl Afropavo congensis. [PAR] The name for a group of peafowl is a pride or an ostentation. [PAR] As with many birds, vibrant iridescent plumage colours are not primarily pigments, but structural colouration. Optical interference Bragg reflections, based on regular, periodic nanostructures of the barbules (fiber-like components) of the feathers produce the peacock's colors. Slight changes to the spacing result in different colours. Brown feathers are a mixture of red and blue: one colour is created by the periodic structure, and the other is a created by a Fabry--P\u00e9rot interference peak from reflections from the outer and inner boundaries. Such structural colouration causes the iridescence of the peacock's hues since, unlike pigments, interference effects depend on light angle. [PAR] Colour mutations exist through selective breeding, such as the leucistic White Peafowl and the Black-Shouldered Peafowl. [PAR] Peafowl are omnivorous and eat most plant parts, flower petals, seed heads, insects and other arthropods, reptiles, and amphibians. In common with other members of the Galliformes, males possess metatarsal spurs or \"thorns\" used primarily during intraspecific fights. [PAR] In Hindu culture, peacock is the mount of the lord Karthikeya, the God of war. A demon king Surapadman was split into two by Karthikeya and the merciful lord converted the two parts as an integral part of himself, one becoming a peacock (his mount) and another a rooster adorning his flag. The peacock displays the divine shape of Omkara when it spreads its magnificent plumes into a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paris: Eiffel Tower | Flickr - Photo Sharing! Paris: Eiffel Tower | Flickr [PAR] Back to albums list [PAR] Paris: Eiffel Tower [PAR] The Eiffel Tower (La Tour Eiffel) is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair, it has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; 7.1 million people ascended it in 2011. The third level observatory's upper platform is at 279.11 metres the highest accessible to the public in the European Union. The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010.[DOC] [TLE] Eiffel Tower Staircase, Paris | Flickr - Photo Sharing! Eiffel Tower Staircase, 7th arrondissement, Paris, Ile-de-\u2026 | Flickr [PAR] David McKelvey By: David McKelvey [PAR] Eiffel Tower Staircase, 7th arrondissement, Paris, Ile-de-France [PAR] The Eiffel Tower ( La Tour Eiffel ) is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair, it has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The Tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; 7.1 million people ascended it in 2011. The third level observatory's upper platform is at 279.11 metres the highest accessible to the public in the European Union. The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010. Source: Wikipedia. [PAR] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [PAR] The 7th arrondissement of Paris is one of the 20 arrondissements (administrative districts) of the capital city in France. It includes some of the major tourist attractions of Paris, such as the Eiffel Tower and the H\u00f4tel des Invalides (Napol\u00e9on's resting place), and a concentration of such world-famous museums as the Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Mus\u00e9e Rodin, and the Mus\u00e9e du quai Branly. [PAR] [PAR] Situated on the Rive Gauche\u2014the \"Left\", or Southern, bank of the River Seine\u2014this central arrondissement, which includes the historical aristocratic neighbourhood of Faubourg Saint-Germain, contains a number of French national institutions, among them the French National Assembly and numerous government ministries. It is also home to many foreign diplomatic embassies, some of them occupying outstanding H\u00f4tels particuliers. [PAR] [PAR] The arrondissement has been home to the French upper class since the 17th century, when it became the new residence of French highest nobility. The district has been so fashionable within the French aristocracy that the phrase le Faubourg\u2014referring to the ancient name of the current 7th arrondissement \u2014has been used to describe French nobility ever since. The 7th arrondissement of Paris and Neuilly-sur-Seine form the most affluent and prestigious residential area in France. Source: Wikipedia. [PAR] Done"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song) - Christmas ... - Wikia Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song) | Christmas Specials Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer [PAR] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song) [PAR] 3,653pages on [PAR] Publisher: [PAR] St. Nicholas Music [PAR] \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\" is a song based on the story of the same name, created by Robert L. May in 1939 as part of his employment with Montgomery Ward . It tells the tale of Rudolph , Santa 's ninth and lead reindeer, who possesses an unusually red-colored nose that gives off its own light (bioluminescence), powerful enough to illuminate the team's path through inclement winter weather. [PAR] The story is owned by The Rudolph Company, L.P. and has been sold in numerous forms including a popular song, a television special done in stop-motion animation , and a feature film . Character Arts, LLC manages the licensing for the Rudolph Company, L.P. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Production information [PAR] Robert L. May created Rudolph in 1939 as an assignment for Montgomery Ward. The retailer had been buying and giving away coloring books for Christmas every year and it was decided that creating their own book would save money. In its first year of publication, 2.4 million copies of Rudolph's story were distributed by Montgomery Ward. The story is written as a poem in the meter of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas . [PAR] Johnny Marks , May's brother-in-law, decided to adapt his story into a song. Marks (1909\u20131985), who was Jewish, was a radio producer and wrote several popular Christmas songs. He was born in a New York City suburb and graduated from Colgate University in Hamilton, N.Y., before going off to Paris to study music. He had a heroic World War II combat record, winning the Bronze Star and four battle stars. [PAR] It was first sung commercially by crooner Harry Brannon on New York city radio in the latter part of 1948 before Gene Autry recorded it formally in 1949, and has since filtered into the popular consciousness. [PAR] The lyric \"All of the other reindeer\" can be misheard in dialects with the cot-caught merger as the mondegreen \"Olive the other reindeer\", and has given rise to another character featured in a Christmas special of her own . [PAR] Lyrics[DOC] [TLE] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer : snopes.com Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer : snopes.com [PAR] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer [PAR] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer [PAR] Was Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer created to bring comfort to a girl whose mother was dying of cancer? [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Claim: The character 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer' was created by a father to bring comfort to his daughter as her mother was dying of cancer. [PAR] Mixture [PAR] WHAT'S TRUE: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer was created by a man whose wife was dying of cancer. [PAR] WHAT'S FALSE: The story of Rudolph was created by a father to bring comfort to his daughter as her mother lay dying of cancer. [PAR] Example: [Collected via e-mail, December 2010] [PAR] A man named Bob May, depressed and brokenhearted, stared out his drafty apartment window into the chilling December night. [PAR] His 4-year-old daughter Barbara sat on his lap quietly sobbing. Bob's wife, Evelyn, was dying of cancer. Little Barbara couldn't understand why her mommy could never come home. Barbara looked up into her dad's eyes and asked, \"Why isn't Mommy just like everybody else's Mommy?\" Bob's jaw tightened and his eyes welled with tears. Her question brought waves of grief, but also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europa - National Anthems Europa - National Anthems [PAR] National Anthems [PAR] in Europe [PAR] [PAR] In December 2002 Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No.9 was declared a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. Part of this symphony is the Ode to Joy (Ode an die Freude), the music of which is certainly familiar to all of us as the European Anthem . The text of the Ode to Joy was written by Friedrich Schiller. The European Anthem intentionally was first used without any text, in order not to favour one national language over all others. Meanwhile, many texts have been created; a German text was written by an Austrian, Peter Diem! In 2004 another Austrian, Peter Roland, drafted a Latin version of the European Anthem, as he is of the opinion, that Latin is still the lingua franca in Europe. [PAR] [PAR] As soon as we had realized, that our knowledge of the national anthems of Europe was more than poor, we tried to find a site which offers information about the most anthems . This site is in German. If you are especially interested in Austria , we can recommend the web site of Styria . There you can find the Austrian national anthem and the anthems of all Austrian provinces . [PAR] [PAR] Later we intensified research on the anthems of the new members and the candidate countries, which was a lot more challenging. We found a wonderful site, which contains a lot of information about anthems worldwide . This site, of course, also offers information about all anthems of the EU member states in English. National Anthems Info is another website, where you can listen to numerous anthems. [PAR] [PAR] WIKIPEDIA offers a List of National Anthems from all over the world. Here you can now collect information about national anthems in Europe: [PAR] [PAR] Austria [PAR] Land der Berge, Land am Strome (Land of the mountains, land on the river) is the national anthem of Austria. [PAR] Nineteen days before his death on December 5th, 1791 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed his last complete work, the \"Freimaurerkantate\", KV 623. In parts of the edition of this cantata the \"Chain Song\", KV 623a, appeared. To this melody the Austrian national anthem is sung. According to newer findings of leading musicologists, this tune was not written by Mozart, but by Johann Holzer , a Freemason Brother of his, and composer of many songs. [PAR] The lyrics were written by the Austrian poet Paula von Preradovic . In October 1946 it was declared Austria's official national anthem. [PAR] [PAR] Belgium [PAR] [PAR] The Braban\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdonne (Song of Brabant ) is the national anthem of Belgium . The anthem has got a Dutch, a French and a German version. [PAR] [PAR] According to legend, the Belgian national anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution , by a young revolutionary called Jenneval, who read the lyrics during a meeting at the Aigle d'Or caf\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Jenneval, whose real name was Alexandre Dechet (sometimes known as Louis-Alexandre Dechet), did in fact write the Braban\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdonne. He was at the time an actor at the theatre where, in August 1830, the revolution started which led to independence from the Netherlands. Jenneval died in the war of independence. Fran\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdois Van Campenhout composed the tune. [PAR] [PAR] Bulgaria [PAR] If you are interested, you can also read the Bulgarian text in Cyrillic letters here! The anthem, Mila Rodino (Dear Homeland) has been in useas the national anthem of Bulgaria - interrupted by the communist era - since 1885. It is based on the music and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Really Wrote \"'Twas the Night Before Christmas ... The Mystery Behind the World's Most Famous Christmas Poem | Mental Floss [PAR] The Mystery Behind the World's Most Famous Christmas Poem [PAR] Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] It's a literary mystery: Nearly 200 years after it was published in New York's Troy Sentinel, we still don't know who really wrote \"A Visit from St. Nicholas.\" [PAR] When it first appeared in the newspaper on December 23, 1823, there was no name attached to it. It wasn't until 13 years later that Clement Clarke Moore, a professor and poet, was named as the author. A story emerged that a housekeeper had, without Moore\u2019s knowledge, sent the piece\u2014which he had written for his kids\u2014to the newspaper, and in 1844, the poem was officially included in an anthology of Moore's work. [PAR] The problem? The family of Henry Livingston, Jr., claimed their father had been reciting \"A Visit From St. Nicholas\" to them for 15 years before it was published. Here's the view from both sides. [PAR] THE LIVINGSTON ARGUMENT [PAR] Livingston's Dutch background is a key component in this mystery. His mother was Dutch, and many references in the poem are as well. For example, \"A Visit from St. Nicholas\" is likely where we got the popular names for Santa's reindeer\u2014there seems to be no reference to their names prior to the poem. A couple of the names have skewed slightly over the years; instead of Donner and Blitzen, the latter two reindeer recited were called \"Dunder\" and \"Blixem,\" the Dutch words for \"Thunder\" and \"Lightning.\" (These days, the spellings have changed slightly to \"donder\" and \"bliksem.\") [PAR] According to proponents of this hypothesis, Blixem first became Blixen to better rhyme with Vixen , and then, in 1844, Moore changed it to the more German Blitzen . Dunder would become Donder, and then, in the early 20th century, was changed to Donner to match Blitzen\u2019s new German name. (Clement Moore proponents counter that the original editor of the poem may have altered the names to better fit a pseudo-Dutch framework , and Moore was simply changing them back to the original.) [PAR] Also piling up in the case against Moore is the fact that at least four of Livingston's children and even a neighbor girl said they remembered Henry telling them the tale of St. Nick as early as 1807. They even said they had evidence\u2014a dated, handwritten copy of the original poem with revisions and scratch marks all throughout. Unfortunately, the house containing this gem burned down, taking the Livingston family's proof with it. [PAR] When a professor from Vassar analyzed poetry by both authors, he declared that there was virtually no possible way Moore could have written \"A Visit from St. Nicholas.\" According to the professor, the style of the Christmas favorite was completely different\u2014both structurally and content-wise\u2014than anything else Moore had ever written. But the anapestic scheme used matched up with some of Livingston's work perfectly. [PAR] Earlier this year, a New Zealand professor wrote a book where he tackled this question by applying complex statistical analysis to works by both authors. He found that \u201cif we did not know whether the poems in Moore\u2019s manuscript notebook were by him or by Livingston, our full range of tests would, in combination, categorize every one of them as much more probably Moore\u2019s. In this they contrast sharply with \u2018The Night Before Christmas,\u2019 which is consistently associated more closely with Livingston.\u201d But the Moore camp usually argues that these studies are constructed in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Stephen's Day | holiday | Britannica.com St. Stephen's Day | holiday | Britannica.com [PAR] Christianity [PAR] St. Stephen\u2019s Day, also called Boxing Day, Wren Day, or Constitution Day, one of two holidays widely observed in honour of two Christian saints. In many countries December 26 commemorates the life of St. Stephen , a Christian deacon in Jerusalem who was known for his service to the poor and his status as the first Christian martyr (he was stoned to death in ad 36). In Hungary August 20 is observed in honour of King Stephen of Hungary , who united the country under Christianity in ad 1000 and was canonized in 1083 for his accomplishment. [PAR] St. Stephen, stained-glass window, 19th century; in St. Mary\u2019s Church, Bury St. Edmunds, Eng. [PAR] \u00a9 Ronald Sheridan/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection [PAR] In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries, the December 26 holiday is commonly known as Boxing Day , which takes its name from the practice of giving small gifts to household servants on that day for their work throughout the year. In Ireland the holiday is sometimes called Wren Day, because in the past a wren would be killed and taken door-to-door by children asking for money in exchange for a wren\u2019s feather, which people believed brought good luck. The tradition of going house-to-house on St. Stephen\u2019s Day survives in many countries, especially in Scandinavia, where the day is observed by visiting friends and going to parties. [PAR] In Hungary August 20 is celebrated as St. Stephen\u2019s Day in commemoration of when the saint\u2019s relics\u2014held sacred by Hungarian Catholics\u2014were transferred to Buda (now part of Budapest). In 1949 the country\u2019s communist regime promulgated a new constitution on that day with the intent of transforming the Christian-themed holiday into a politically inspired one, which they renamed Constitution Day. Following the collapse of the communist state in Hungary, however, the holiday was again celebrated as St. Stephen\u2019s Day. One ritual entails carrying the case containing the relics of St. Stephen\u2019s right hand in processions throughout the streets of Budapest. More modern festivities include fireworks and parades. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 50 Interesting Facts About Christmas 53 Festive Facts about Christmas | FactRetriever.com [PAR] 53 Festive Facts about Christmas [PAR] By Karin Lehnardt, Senior Writer [PAR] Published September 19, 2016 [PAR] Norwegian scientists have hypothesized that Rudolph\u2019s red nose is probably the result of a parasitic infection of his respiratory system.[8] [PAR] The Germans made the first artificial Christmas trees out of dyed goose feathers.[7] [PAR] Each year more than 3 billion Christmas cards are sent in the U.S. alone.[7] [PAR] All the gifts in the Twelve Days of Christmas would equal 364 gifts.[7] [PAR] The \u201ctrue love\u201d mentioned in the song \u201cTwelve Days of Christmas\u201d does not refer to a romantic couple, but the Catholic Church\u2019s code for God. The person who receives the gifts represents someone who has accepted that code. For example, the \u201cpartridge in a pear tree\u201d represents Christ. The \u201ctwo turtledoves\u201d represent the Old and New Testaments.[3] [PAR] Two weeks before Christmas is a popular time for breakups [PAR] According to data analyzed from Facebook posts, two weeks before Christmas is one of the two most popular times for couples to break up. However, Christmas Day is the least favorite day for breakups.[12] [PAR] Most of Santa\u2019s reindeer have male-sounding names, such as Blitzen, Comet, and Cupid. However, male reindeers shed their antlers around Christmas, so the reindeer pulling Santa\u2019s sleigh are likely not male, but female or castrated.[8] [PAR] In A.D. 350, Pope Julius I, bishop of Rome, proclaimed December 25 the official celebration date for the birthday of Christ.[3] [PAR] According to the Guinness world records, the tallest Christmas tree ever cut was a 221-foot Douglas fir that was displayed in 1950 at the Northgate Shopping Center in Seattle, Washington.[6] [PAR] The traditional three colors of Christmas are green, red, and gold. Green has long been a symbol of life and rebirth; red symbolizes the blood of Christ, and gold represents light as well as wealth and royalty.[3] [PAR] Contrary to popular belief, suicide rates during the Christmas holiday are low. The highest rates are during the spring.[11] [PAR] The world\u2019s largest Christmas stocking measured 106 feet and 9 inches (32.56 m) long and 49 feet and 1 inch (14.97 m) wide. It weighed as much as five reindeer and held almost 1,000 presents. It was made by the Children\u2019s Society in London on December 14, 2007.[6] [PAR] Christmas trees have been sold in the U.S. since 1850.[2] [PAR] Christmas trees usually grow for about 15 years before they are sold.[2] [PAR] Many European countries believed that spirits, both good and evil, were active during the Twelve Days of Christmas. These spirits eventually evolved into Santa\u2019s elves, especially under the influence of Clement C. Moore\u2019s The Night Before Christmas (1779-1863) illustrated by Thomas Nast (1840-1902).[7] [PAR] Each year there are approximately 20,000 \u201crent-a-Santas\u201d across the United States. \u201cRent-a-Santas\u201d usually undergo seasonal training on how to maintain a jolly attitude under pressure from the public. They also receive practical advice, such as not accepting money from parents while children are looking and avoiding garlic, onions, or beans for lunch.[7] [PAR] The United States has about 20,000 \"rent-a-Santas\" per year [PAR] Bolivians celebrate Misa del Gallo or \u201cMass of the Rooster\u201d on Christmas Eve. Some people bring roosters to the midnight mass, a gesture that symbolizes the belief that a rooster was the first animal to announce the birth of Jesus.[7] [PAR] The British wear paper crowns while they eat Christmas dinner. The crowns are stored in a tube called a \u201cChristmas cracker.\u201d[7] [PAR] In Poland, spiders or spider webs are common Christmas trees"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fredarth | The Ramblings of an Old Man Fredarth | The Ramblings of an Old Man [PAR] The Ramblings of an Old Man [PAR] Menu [PAR] Well here it is \u2013 the big one [PAR] same as ever some easy some not so easy and some\u2026\u2026 [PAR] to get the answers simply run the cursor over the space after the question [PAR] but only after you have tried the question [PAR] Happy Christmas [PAR] In what country, the world\u2019s seventh largest by geographical area, is Christmas known as Bada Din (the big day)? India [PAR] Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean, is a territory of which country? Australia [PAR] \u2018Three Kings Day\u2019 is known by what numerical name (that\u2019s \u2018name\u2019, not \u2018date\u2019) in Britain?Twelfth Night [PAR] The North Pole, said to be Santa\u2019s home, is located in which ocean? Arctic Ocean [PAR] \u2018And all the bells on earth shall ring, on Christmas day in the morning\u2026\u2019 is from which Christmas carol? I Saw Three Ships [PAR] Marzipan is made (conventionally in the western world) mainly from sugar and the flour or meal of which nut? Almond [PAR] What is the technical name of Mistletoe plant genus, and also Latin for glutinous? Viscum(hence the words viscous and viscosity, referring to semi-solid/semi-liquid and thick sticky substances \u2013 derived from the sticky quality of mistletoe berries, and also an early word for birdlime, a sticky substance made from the berries, used to trap birds) [PAR] Peter Auty sang Walking In The Air in what film? The Snowman [PAR] Which Christmas condiment is made from fruit sometimes referred to as marshworts? Cranberry sauce [PAR] Which American-born English poet, having first names Thomas Stearns, wrote the poem The Cultivation Of Christmas Trees? T S Eliot [PAR] Which Christmas slogan was introduced by Clarissa Baldwin of Dogs Trust in 1978? A Dog Is For Life, Not Just For Christmas [PAR] Which British monarch (born 1865, died 1936) introduced the custom of giving thousands of Christmas puddings to staff? King George V [PAR] In the UK it is traditionally believed that eating a what each day of the twelve days of Christmas brings happiness the following year: Sausage; Mince pie; Carrot; or Turkey drumstick? Mince pie [PAR] The fortified wine drink Sherry is named after what town? Jerez (Spain \u2013 in Spanish, sherry is called Vino de Jerez) [PAR] In Coldplay\u2019s 2010 Christmas single video, the Latin phrase Credo Elvem Etiam Vivere (seen above the stage) loosely means what (combining an ironic rock\u2019n\u2019roll myth, with a seasonal sentiment popularised by Greg Lakes\u2019s 1975 Christmas hit \u2013 and for two bonus points: name the Greg Lake song, and the Coldplay 2010 Christmas single)? I Believe Elvis Lives (Greg Lake\u2019s song \u2013 I Believe In Father Christmas; Coldplay\u2019s 2010 Xmas single \u2013 Christmas Lights) [PAR] What is the surname of the family in the 1989 film \u2018National Lampoon\u2019s Christmas Vacation\u2019? Griswold [PAR] Who composed the music known as The Nutcracker Suite, for the Christmas themed ballet The Nutcracker, premiered in St Petersburg, 1892? Tchaikovsky [PAR] Which southern central US state, whose capital city has the same name, was the last to recognize Christmas as an official holiday? Oklahoma [PAR] In which country, the largest of its continent, is it said that finding a spider web on Christmas morning brings good luck, and so Christmas trees are decorated with artificial spider webs? Ukraine [PAR] What day of the week was Christmas day in the year 2000 (in the conventional western calendar)? Monday [PAR] Charles Dickens is said to have considered the names Little Larry and Puny Pete for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elf (2003) - IMDb Elf (2003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After inadvertently wreaking havoc on the elf community due to his ungainly size, a man raised as an elf at the North Pole is sent to the U.S. in search of his true identity. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Peter Dinklage being eyed for role in both upcoming Avengers movies [PAR] 12 January 2017 12:30 AM, -08:00 | Flickeringmyth [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 13 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 03 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 07 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 21 Dec 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Elf \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] On the outskirts of Whoville, there lives a green, revenge-seeking Grinch who plans on ruining the Christmas holiday for all of the citizens of the town. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] When a man inadvertantly kills Santa on Christmas Eve, he finds himself magically recruited to take his place. [PAR] Director: John Pasquin [PAR] An 8-year old troublemaker must protect his home from a pair of burglars when he is accidentally left home alone by his family during Christmas vacation. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] One year after Kevin was left home alone and had to defeat a pair of bumbling burglars, he accidentally finds himself in New York City, and the same criminals are not far behind. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] A young boy embarks on a magical adventure to the North Pole on the Polar Express. During his adventure he learns about friendship, bravery, and the spirit of Christmas. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] In the 1940s, a young boy named Ralphie attempts to convince his parents, his teacher, and Santa that a Red Ryder B.B. gun really is the perfect Christmas gift. [PAR] Director: Bob Clark [PAR] Scott Calvin has been a humble Santa Claus for nearly ten years, but it might come to an end if he doesn't find a Mrs. Claus. [PAR] Director: Michael Lembeck [PAR] An animated retelling of Charles Dickens' classic novel about a Victorian-era miser taken on a journey of self-redemption, courtesy of several mysterious Christmas apparitions. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] A father vows to get his son a Turbo Man action figure for Christmas, however, every store is sold out of them, and he must travel all over town and compete with everybody else in order to find one. [PAR] Director: Brian Levant [PAR] Santa, aka Scott Calvin, is faced with double-duty: how to keep his new family happy, and how to stop Jack Frost from taking over Christmas. [PAR] Director: Michael Lembeck [PAR] A grumpy hermit hatches a plan to steal Christmas from the Whos of Whoville. [PAR] Directors: Chuck Jones, Ben Washam [PAR] Stars: Boris Karloff, Thurl Ravenscroft, June Foray [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stone of Destiny stolen from Westminster Abbey - Belfast ... Stone of Destiny stolen from Westminster Abbey - Belfast Newsletter [PAR] Stone of Destiny stolen from Westminster Abbey [PAR] 09:26 Monday 28 December 2009 [PAR] THERE was much excitement in London on Christmas Day 1950 when it was discovered that the Stone of Scone, also known as the Stone of Destiny, had been stolen from its place underneath the Coronation Chair in Westminster Abbey. [PAR] Despite a nationwide police search on both Christmas Day and Boxing Day, reported the News Letter, no trace of the ancient and historic stone had been found by police detectives who had been put on the trail of the thieves. The only clues which had been discovered by the searchers were the initials JFS which had been found freshly carved in the gilt of the Coronation Chair. [PAR] It was believed that the stone had been removed from the abbey by the thieves who had \"secreted\" themselves in the abbey after the Christmas Eve service. The stone \u2013 which weighed 485lb \u2013 had been dragged from its position behind the high altar, about 140 feet through the south screen door, round the south transept and out of the Poets' Corner entrance \u2013 \"the most secluded in the abbey\" \u2013 the padlock of which had been wrenched off. [PAR] One of the legs of the Coronation Chair was damaged during the removal of the stone. The front seat board was split and some old iron brackets were wrenched loose. Dust and chips of decayed wood were also left lying it about. [PAR] Mr Andrew Hislop, the night watchman at the abbey, told reporters how he had discovered that the Stone of Destiny was missing. He said that the relic had been in its usual place when he had made his rounds at 11pm and 12.15am [PAR] He said: \"I first knew that something was wrong when I went to look at the doors in the morning at about 6.15am I found the Poets' Corner door had been burst open and I saw the lock lying on the floor. That door was bombed during the war and the original door is not there; there is only a temporary door with a padlock and staple, and it is the only possible door by which they could have broken into the abbey. [PAR] \"I went straight away to the Henry VII chapel to see if the Battle of Britain silver was all right. I then checked the cross on the High Altar, and was making my way to Edward the Confessor's tomb when I flashed my torch on the Coronation Chair and the stone was gone. [PAR] \"Part of the chair was broken. A strip of wood about two feet of long and an inch or so wide which held the stone in its position underneath the chair was lying on the floor. I went straight away and told Mr William Bishop, the Clerk of the Works, who dialled 999. That was about 6.20am.\" [PAR] The Dean of Westminster, Dr Alan C. Don, told newspaper reporters: \"The disappearance of the stone is the most devastating thing which could have happened. It is impossible to put a value on it, for it is the most precious relic that we have and we shall never be happy until it is returned to us. [PAR] \"I cannot possibly imagine what motive there could be for removing it from the abbey. It has never been outside the abbey since it was first used. Even during the war it remained with us,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'If'by Rudyard Kipling, famous inspirational poems and quotes 'If'by Rudyard Kipling, famous inspirational poems and quotes [PAR] if - rudyard kipling [PAR] Rudyard Kipling's inspirational poem - 'If' [PAR] Rudyard Kipling's (1865-1936) inspirational poem 'If' first appeared in his collection 'Rewards and Fairies' in 1909. The poem 'If' is inspirational, motivational, and a set of rules for 'grown-up' living. Kipling's 'If' contains mottos and maxims for life, and the poem is also a blueprint for personal integrity, behaviour and self-development. 'If' is perhaps even more relevant today than when Kipling wrote it, as an ethos and a personal philosophy. Lines from Kipling's 'If' appear over the player's entrance to Wimbledon's Centre Court - a poignant reflection of the poem's timeless and inspiring quality. [PAR] The beauty and elegance of 'If' contrasts starkly with Rudyard Kipling's largely tragic and unhappy life. He was starved of love and attention and sent away by his parents; beaten and abused by his foster mother; and a failure at a public school which sought to develop qualities that were completely alien to Kipling. In later life the deaths of two of his children also affected Kipling deeply. [PAR] Rudyard Kipling achieved fame quickly, based initially on his first stories and poems written in India (he returned there after College), and his great popularity with the British public continued despite subsequent critical reaction to some of his more conservative work, and critical opinion in later years that his poetry was superficial and lacking in depth of meaning. [PAR] Significantly, Kipling turned down many honours offered to him including a knighthood, Poet Laureate and the Order of Merit, but in 1907 he accepted the Nobel Prize for Literature. Kipling's wide popular appeal survives through other works, notably The Jungle Book (1894) the novel, Kim (1901), and Just So Stories (1902). [PAR] [PAR] If you can keep your head when all about you [PAR] Are losing theirs and blaming it on you, [PAR] If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, [PAR] But make allowance for their doubting too; [PAR] If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, [PAR] Or being lied about, don't deal in lies, [PAR] Or being hated, don't give way to hating, [PAR] And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise: [PAR] If you can dream - and not make dreams your master, [PAR] If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim; [PAR] If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster [PAR] And treat those two impostors just the same; [PAR] If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken [PAR] Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, [PAR] Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, [PAR] And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools: [PAR] If you can make one heap of all your winnings [PAR] And risk it all on one turn of pitch-and-toss, [PAR] And lose, and start again at your beginnings [PAR] And never breathe a word about your loss; [PAR] If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew [PAR] To serve your turn long after they are gone, [PAR] And so hold on when there is nothing in you [PAR] Except the Will which says to them: \"Hold on!\" [PAR] If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, [PAR] Or walk with kings - nor lose the common touch, [PAR] If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, [PAR] If all men count with you, but none too much; [PAR] If you can fill the unforgiving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An Intellectual Mediocrity: The Day Of The Triffids - John ... An Intellectual Mediocrity: The Day Of The Triffids - John Wyndam [PAR] The Day Of The Triffids - John Wyndam [PAR] Cover of the first hardback edition. [PAR] It is funny how things in life transpire isn't it?? I had no longer finished John Wyndam's classic 1951 sci-fi-horror The Day of the Triffids than the 2010 BBC mini-series re-played on telly!! This was quite cool because I got to watch that, then afterwards 1981 Bond film For Your Eyes Only. So it was quite a good night in front of the box! I won't bother with novel/series comparisons. Suffice to say there are differences, but overall it kept the essence of the novel quite well. [PAR] I first read The Day of the Triffids way back in 1987 as a 17 year old in my last year of high school. For some reason I had a class where I had to read enough books that would equate to reading 1000km of words if they were laid out ( all within the space of six weeks ). Well I breezed that because I read Leon Uris' Exodus which took a great chunk out of the 1000km! I then turned my attention to John Wyndham's classic novel, of which I had wanted to read for some time. [PAR] Suffice to say I've read it several times since. The last time must have been almost 15 years. So several weeks ago I decided to re-visit this novel and see if my initial impressions of it still stood. I'm sure all of you have read novels many years ago that you have re-read and found them to be different than from the first time round. Time, age, wisdom etc changes things and many novels I didn't like, or understand when younger, are now my first choice of reading material. Heaven forbid I remember the groans at school when we had to read Shakespeare and yet now I love reading the Bard! [PAR] The Day of the Triffids is a novel that has always frustrated me. In 1987 I loved the first half of it but felt the second rather flat. That is the way it appeared to me in each of my subsequent readings as well. And after my lasted delve into it I still find it a novel that frustrates me. As I always do before writing a review I undertook some web searching on the novel. What I found was that many reviews elsewhere, from both professional and non-professional critics alik,e also comment on the novels unsatisfying second half and ambiguous ending. [PAR] So what is it about? The Day of the Triffids is a 1951 post-apocalyptic novel written by English science fiction author John Wyndam Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris, more commonly known under his pen name John Wyndam ( thank goodness! ). He wrote numerous novels and short stories, but this is his best known work. The novel is about ' Triffids ', tall aggressive plants with intelligent behaviour that can move about on three legs. They can communicate with each other and have a deadly whip like poisonous sting that enables them to kill and fed on their prey. The novels main protagonist is Bill Masen who has worked with the Triffids ( their oils are superior to conventional vegetable oils and they are cultivated all over the world ). With his background he develops a theory that they were bio-engineered in the USSR and then accidentally released when a plane smuggling their seeds was shot down."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories | fasab name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories | fasab [PAR] Home Posts tagged 'name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories' [PAR] name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories [PAR] \u201cFight Against Stupidity And Bureaucracy\u201d [PAR] . [PAR] Welcome to another quiz day on the fasab blog. [PAR] As usual a random selection of questions, some quite difficult, but some that you should find easy enough. [PAR] When you are done check the answers which are waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay down below \u2013 but NO cheating! [PAR] Enjoy. [PAR] Q. 1: What is the name of the art form that translated means \u2018beauty writing\u2019? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 2: The Blue Fairy is a kindly figure in which Disney classic? (Now you knows this!) [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 3: What is the name of the Spanish soup served cold? [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 4: What is the longest poisonous snake in the world? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 5: Eric Weisz is still believed by some to have made the first successful powered flight in Australia on March 18, 1910. Weisz was better known around the world under which stage name? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 6: Which region in the Pacific ocean is also the name of a character in the Dr. Doolittle stories? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 7: What is the name of the world\u2019s oldest licensed whiskey distillery and in which country is it located? (a point for each answer) [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 8: Contestants from which three countries have won the most Miss Universe titles? [PAR] (Take some bonus points if you know how many titles they have won.) [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 9: Which word, used in the world of espionage, stems from John Le Carre\u2019s 1974 novel \u2018Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy\u2019? [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 10: \u2018Kristal\u2019 and \u2018Krug\u2019 are examples of which wine? [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 11: In space an \u2018Event Horizon\u2019 surrounds what kind of region? [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 12: Who was the first Hollywood actress to appear on a postage stamp? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 13: When the definition of a desert is \u2018an area with an average annual precipitation of less than 250 millimetres per year\u2019; on which continent is the largest desert in the world? [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 14: \u2018Varig\u2019 is the national airline in which country? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 15: Name the American artist who uses Campbell\u2019s Soup cans in his pop art? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 16: What did American POW\u2019s call the Hoa Lo prison camp in North Vietnam? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 17: Widely used to orient buildings and even furniture, the term \u2018Feng shui\u2019, what is the English translation of this term? (Two words.) [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 18: Which breed of horse is also the name for a kind of bean? [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 19: Who was the only heavyweight champion to finish his boxing career with a perfect record? (49 wins-0 defeats). [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 20: Which film producer with a vegetable as a last name, was, until his death, involved in most of the James Bond films? [PAR] > [PAR] Q. 4: What is the longest poisonous snake in the world? [PAR] A. 4: The King Cobra. [PAR] . [PAR] . [PAR] Q. 5: Eric Weisz is still believed by some to have made the first successful powered flight"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Thinker | Rodin Museum The Thinker | Rodin Museum [PAR] H. 189 cm ; W. 98 cm ; D. 140 cm [PAR] S.2838 [PAR] When conceived in 1880 in its original size (approx. 70 cm) as the crowning element of The Gates of Hell , seated on the tympanum , The Thinker was entitled The Poet. He represented Dante, author of the Divine Comedy which had inspired The Gates, leaning forward to observe the circles of Hell, while meditating on his work. The Thinker was therefore initially both a being with a tortured body, almost a damned soul, and a free-thinking man, determined to transcend his suffering through poetry. The pose of this figure owes much to Carpeaux\u2019s Ugolino (1861) and to the seated portrait of Lorenzo de\u2019 Medici carved by Michelangelo (1526-31). [PAR] [PAR] While remaining in place on the monumental Gates of Hell, The Thinker was exhibited individually in 1888 and thus became an independent work. Enlarged in 1904, its colossal version proved even more popular: this image of a man lost in thought, but whose powerful body suggests a great capacity for action, has became one of the most celebrated sculptures ever known. Numerous casts exist worldwide, including the one now in the gardens of the Mus\u00e9e Rodin, a gift to the City of Paris installed outside the Panth\u00e9on in 1906, and another in the gardens of Rodin\u2019s house in Meudon, on the tomb of the sculptor and his wife. [PAR] George Bernard Shaw in the Pose of \"The Thinker\" [PAR] Rodin, the Monument to Victor Hugo and The Thinker [PAR] Rodin's \"Thinker\" in Dr Linde's Garden in L\u00fcbeck"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier [PAR] Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Frans Hals, along with Rembrandt van Rijn and Johannes Vermeer, were three famous painters who dominated the Golden Age of Dutch Art in the 17th century. [PAR] Frans Hals, born circa 1581, introduced a vitality and expressivenesss not previously seen in portraiture. Of the 300 or so paintings he created, nearly all are portraits, typically of Haarlem citizens as individuals or in groups. Among his most famous artwork is The Laughing Cavalier, also called The Merry Cavalier. [PAR] [PAR] Frans Hals, The Laughing Cavalier. Oil on canvas. 1624. 33 3/4\" x 27\". The Wallace Collection, London. [PAR] Here, the courtly soldier epitomizes Baroque gallantry and seemingly flaunts his amorous tendencies - his sleeves are ornately decorated with bees of Cupid and Mercury's winged staff and hat. The intricacy of the embroidery is juxtaposed by Frans Hals' broad, energetic brushwork in the cavalier's black sash. As in most portraits by Frans Hals, a fleeting moment is captured with immediacy. [PAR] Fast forward three centuries to the 1920s, a time during which the three masters of the Dutch Golden Age were frequently imitated and forged. Noted art historian Cornelis Hofstede de Groot had devoted himself to determining which 17th century Dutch paintings were authentic, and which were created by followers or forgers. In 1924, he published a brief article titled, \"Some Recently Discovered Works by Frans Hals\", announcing his discovery of The Merry Cavalier. De Groot proclaimed it an authentic Frans Hals painting, after which the work was sold to an auction house. Shortly thereafter, the auction house claimed it a forgery and demanded partial reimbursement of the purchase price. Profoundly offended, De Groot stated that if he was wrong, he'd donate his personal (and sizeable) art collection to Holland's museums, further vowing \"never to express another word, either in writing or verbally, about the genuineness of an unknown Frans Hals.\" [PAR] The subsequent trial provided incontrovertible proof that De Groot had erred -- although Frans Hals died in 1666, the blue paint in the cavalier's coat was first available in 1826; another blue in the background was made in 1820, while the white in the collar was zinc white, only made after 1781. Furthermore, the canvas was attached to its stretcher with modern, paint-splattered nails, meaning that they were positioned before the painter began. [PAR] In spite of this data, De Groot was steadfast in his conviction that he'd found an authentic Frans Hals work. Before the trial concluded and a verdict announced, De Groot - contending he was the victim of injustice - purchased Merry Cavalier for himself. The following year, he published a booklet entitled True or False? Eye or Chemistry?. Here he stated that a connoisseur's eye was the best determination of artistic authenticity, adding that scientific analyses were beside the point. \"A forger could scarcely imagine a more welcome message\", notes Edward Dolnick in The Forger's Spell. [PAR] If you are engaged by the complexities of art forgery -- in the work themselves and in the mind of the forger -- I strongly recommend Dolnick's work, \"a true story of Vermeer, Nazis and the greatest art hoax of the twentieth century\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biggles: Pilot and Adventurer | Nudgee College Library Biggles: Pilot and Adventurer | Nudgee College Library [PAR] Nudgee College Library [PAR] May 22, 2009 [PAR] by Martin Kerby - Head of Information Services [PAR] Long before JK Rowling penned a few stories about a teenage wizard, or Stephanie Meyer decided that a vampire love story might potentially attract a wide audience, generations of schoolboys enjoyed the adventures of fictional characters such as William Brown and John Jennings. The \"Just William\" series, written by Richard Crompton first appeared in book form in 1922. Eventually Crompton would write 34 books detailing the adventures of his trouble prone protagonist. I was introduced to the series in the late seventies by my father who had read them when he was a child. At about the same time, a school friend introduced me to Anthony Buckeridge\u2019s Jennings series. Buckeridge wrote the first of the series in 1950, with the 23rd and final one appearing in 1994. The series is named for his main character, a teenager at an English boarding school. In some respects the stories are not entirely dissimilar to Harry Potter minus the magic and the female students. [PAR] But without a doubt my favourite was the Biggles adventure series written by Captain WE Johns, who had been a pilot during World War One. Though he wrote 169 books, it was the 96 he wrote about James Bigglesworth, pilot and adventurer, which brought Johns fame and fortune. The Library has a copy of an omnibus which has four classic Biggles adventures - Biggles Secret Agent, Biggles and the Secret Mission, Biggles Flying Dectective and Biggles in Australia. In the introduction, an un-named author discussed the appeal of the Biggles series: [PAR] Johns\u2019 expertise helped to put boys of all ages in the pilot\u2019s seat, if only in their mind\u2019s eye, adding an extra element of excitement to his stories, but a Biggles adventure was never solely about soaring through the clouds. Johns was also a master storyteller, taking his hero through almost one hundred books over a period of more than thirty years from 1932 right up to his death in 1968\u2026These characters embodied the spirit of the British fighting man\u2026They were courageous and uncompromising in battle, yet still managed to retain a notion of fair play; they were highly skilled professionals, adept at handling all manner of technical equipment, yet they could improvise ingeniously when all was not going to plan and they were left to survive on their wits alone. [PAR] Biggles books are now a collector's item, although most of mine were reprints that I bought in various second hand shops. Any student who would like to begin a series large enough to provide many years of reading should look for the Biggles omnibus at F JOH. [PAR] Edmund Rice Education Australia trading as St Joseph's Nudgee College [PAR] 2199 Sandgate Road Boondall 4034 | PO Box 130 Virginia 4014 [PAR] p: (07) 3865 0555 | f: (07) 3865 0500 | e: contact@nudgee.com | Privacy Policy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] colin montgomerie interview - %name% Net Worth Colin Montgomerie Interview - Colin Montgomerie Net Worth [PAR] Colin Montgomerie Interview [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Colin Montgomerie [PAR] Colin Montgomerie Net Worth is $42 Million. Colin Montgomerie is Golfer | Designer. Colin Montgomerie Date of Birth is 1963-06-23. Colin Montgomerie Height is 1.85 m. Colin Montgomerie Weight is 89.811. Colin Montgomerie Country is Glasgow.. Colin Stuart Montgomerie, OBE (born 23... [PAR] Colin Montgomerie Net Worth is $42 Million. [PAR] Colin Montgomerie Net Worth is $42 Million. Colin Montgomerie is Golfer | Designer. Colin Montgomerie Date of Birth is 1963-06-23. Colin Montgomerie Height is 1.85 m. Colin Montgomerie Weight is 89.811. Colin Montgomerie Country is Glasgow. Colin Stuart Montgomerie, OBE is a Scottish professional golfer. He has won a record eight European Tour Order of Merit titles, including a streak of seven consecutively from 1993 to 1999. He has won 31 European Tour events, the most of any British player, placing him fourth on the all time list of golfers with most European Tour victories. [PAR] He won three consecutive Volvo PGA Championships at Wentworth Club between 1998 to 2000. He has finished runner-up on five occasions in major championships. He has not, to date, won a major title or an official tournament on the PGA Tour in the United States and North America. His career high world ranking is second. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2013. [PAR] In June 2013, after turning 50, Montgomerie joined the Champions Tour, where he plans to play a full schedule and made his debut in the Constellation Senior Players Championship, one of the five senior major championships. [PAR] Although Scottish by...[DOC] [TLE] GarboForever - People inspired.... GarboForever - People inspired.... [PAR] People inspired.... [PAR] [PAR] Gerda Taro [PAR] Gerda Taro (real name Gerda Pohorylle; 1910 - 1937) was a Jewish German war photographer, and the companion and professional partner of photographer Robert Capa. Taro is regarded often as the first female photojournalist to cover the front lines of a war and to die while do so. She adopted the professional name of Gerda Taro, after the Japanese artist Taro Okamoto and Greta Garbo. [PAR] [PAR] Manny Ramirez, the Greta Garbo of baseball [PAR] Ramirez is an American professional baseball player who plays for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball. [PAR] In 2005, Manny has become the Greta Garbo of baseball, telling general managers of clubs who want to deal for him that, most of all, he wants to be alone. [PAR] [PAR] Garbo the tarantula - 2008 [PAR] Garbo is a tarantula being kept by the Reisterstown Library in Baltimore (USA) as a mascot for the Summer Reading Club theme, Catch The Reading Bug. [PAR] Garbo the tarantula [PAR] The name Garbo (as in Greta) was chosen from a list of over 140 submissions, according to library staff. Rejected names included Charlotte, Fang and Aphrobitey (like the Greek goddess). [PAR] According to Mank, on an average day, six children visit Garbo every hour. [PAR] [PAR] Wislawa Szymborska - The Greta Garbo of European poetry [PAR] This Polish Nobel Prize winner is always spending her birthdays in the privacy and that earned her the nickname \"the Greta Garbo of European poetry.\" [PAR] Wislawa Szymborska, born July 2, 1923 in K\u00f3rnik, Poland) is a Polish poet, essayist and translator. She was awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. [PAR] [PAR] Catherine Deneuve - The Garbo of the modern times [PAR] Catherine Deneuve born October 22, 1943, is a two-time Cesar Award winning, BAFTA Award, and Academy Award-nominated French"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] D'Oh! Springfield In 'Simpsons' Was Based On Town In ... D'Oh! Springfield In 'Simpsons' Was Based On Town In Oregon All Along : The Two-Way : NPR [PAR] D'Oh! Springfield In 'Simpsons' Was Based On Town In Oregon All Along [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] D'Oh! Springfield In 'Simpsons' Was Based On Town In Oregon All Along [PAR] D'Oh! Springfield In 'Simpsons' Was Based On Town In Oregon All Along [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Matt Groening has revealed the location of the real-life home of The Simpsons. AP hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Matt Groening has revealed the location of the real-life home of The Simpsons. [PAR] AP [PAR] Ay Caramba! Simpsons creator Matt Groening has revealed the location of the real Springfield: It's in Oregon. [PAR] In an interview with Smithsonian magazine , posted online Tuesday, Groening credits the name to the hit TV show Father Knows Best. [PAR] The show \"took place in the town of Springfield, and I was thrilled because I imagined that it was the town next to Portland, my hometown,\" he says. \"When I grew up, I realized it was just a fictitious name. I also figured out that Springfield was one of the most common names for a city in the U.S. In anticipation of the success of the show, I thought, 'This will be cool; everyone will think it's their Springfield.' And they do.\" [PAR] The topic of Springfield's real location has much discussion among fans of the show, which has been on the air for more than 20 years. [PAR] \"I don't want to ruin it for people, you know?\" Groening says. \"Whenever people say it's Springfield, Ohio, or Springfield, Massachusetts, or Springfield, wherever, I always go, 'Yup, that's right.'\" [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] But The Associated Press says Groening said he has long given fake answers about the Simpsons' hometown, leaving open the possibility the revelation to Smithsonian magazine itself is fake. [PAR] According to the AP: [PAR] The show has made a running joke of hiding the true Springfield's location. In one episode, daughter Lisa points to Springfield on a map, but the animated \"camera view\" is blocked by son Bart's head. [PAR] But there should have been plenty of clues that the characters on the Simpsons were drawn from Groening's own childhood. [PAR] The names of many characters on the show \u2014 Flanders, Kearney, Lovejoy \u2014 correspond to street names in Portland, Ore. Indeed, Groening says his goal was to \"name every character after streets in Portland, but we were in a hurry so I dropped the idea.\" [PAR] Another clue: The Simpsons live on Evergreen Terrace \u2013 also the name of the street the Groenings lived on. And, of course, Homer, Marge, Lisa and Maggie are named after Groening's parents and sisters, respectively. [PAR] The town of Springfield, Ore., had already claimed the show as its own. When Niel Laudati, the community relations manager for Springfield, Ore., was told about Groening's announcement, he told the AP: \"Oh, OK, we knew that.\" [PAR] The town's Facebook page features a signed plaque from Groening when he visited the town before The Simpsons Movie was released in 2007. [PAR] \"Yo to Springfield Oregon \u2013 The Real Springfield!\" the plaque reads. It's signed: \"Your pal, Matt Groening Proud Oregonian! 2007.\" [PAR] No clues yet as to the location of Shelbyville.[DOC] [TLE] Matt Groening Reveals the Location of the Real Springfield ... Matt Groening Reveals the Location of the Real Springfield | Arts & Culture | Smithsonian [PAR] Contact Privacy Policy Terms of Use [PAR] Matt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Masters Tournament | New Georgia Encyclopedia Masters Tournament | New Georgia Encyclopedia [PAR] First played in 1934, the Masters Tournament is one of golf's four \"major\" events, alongside the U.S. Open, the British Open, and the PGA Championship. The tournament is staged every April at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta . [PAR] Origins [PAR] The Augusta National Golf Club dates back to 1931, the height of the Great Depression , when two men joined resources to create the club. One of the club's founders was the outstanding amateur and Atlanta native Bobby Jones , winner of thirteen major championships between 1923 and 1930. After winning the Grand Slam in 1930 (all four major titles: U.S. Open, U.S. Amateur, British Open, British Amateur), the twenty-eight year old announced his retirement from competitive golf. During the next several years he was involved in several carefully selected golf projects, one of which was the Augusta National. [PAR] Less [PAR] Masters Tournament [PAR] prominent than Jones but no less important to the success of the club and tournament was New York financier Clifford Roberts, who had befriended Jones in the mid-1920s. Whereas Jones brought the venture credibility and publicity, Roberts brought it business acumen. In the midst of the depression, Roberts skillfully sold the concept of a national golf club to a handful of investors and raised the capital necessary to purchase land and begin construction of the course. The famous golf course architect Alister Mackenzie worked with Jones on designing the Augusta National course. Mackenzie, designer of such world-renowned layouts as Cypress Point in northern California, complemented Jones because they agreed on many fundamentals of golf course architecture. [PAR] They discovered Fruitland ( Berckmans Nursery ), the abandoned 365-acre plant nursery near Augusta, where, among other things, peaches were grown by Prosper Berckmans. Because of the depressed economy, the land, originally a plantatation, was available at bottom-dollar price. Jones decided that it was the ideal location for a golf course. While Roberts handled the finances, Jones and Mackenzie oversaw the construction of the course, which began in 1931 and was completed in 1932. [PAR] Within [PAR] Bobby Jones [PAR] months of its completion Roberts and Jones discussed the possibility of hosting a major tournament, such as the U.S. Open; however, scheduling conflicts and climate\u2014Augusta was too hot to host the U.S. Open, traditionally held in the summer\u2014ultimately prohibited that idea. Yet Roberts remained determined; if they could not hold a national open, then why not stage an annual invitational event hosted by the legendary Bobby Jones? To make the event even more viable, Roberts proposed that Jones enter the tournament, coming out of retirement for a week each year to compete against his old opponents and friends. At first Jones resisted the idea of competing, but Roberts convinced him that the excitement surrounding his participation might make the difference between the survival and failure of the tournament. Jones very much wanted the tournament and club to succeed, so he agreed to play. [PAR] Roberts had been correct. The first Augusta National Invitation Tournament was held in the spring of 1934; it was won by Horton Smith (Jones finished in thirteenth place) and was an instant success. The following year Gene Sarazen scored a double eagle two on the par five fifteenth in the final round to force a play-off with Craig Wood, whom Sarazen defeated the next day to win the tournament. In 1939 the tournament officially changed its name to the Masters. [PAR] The natural beauty of the course's eighteen holes\u2014each adorned with the plant from which it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Historical Events on Pinterest | Boston Tea Parties ... 1000+ images about \u2764 Historical Events \u2764 on Pinterest | Boston tea parties, British and British government [PAR] Forward [PAR] The Sons of Liberty were the most famous secret group to oppose the British. They did this by protests that were not always peaceful. They burned stamp paper when they found it. They also tar and feathered British customs officals.The Sons of Liberty were also the ones that did the Boston Tea Party and dumped 342 crates of tea in to the harbor. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Boston Tea Party (1773) - Encyclopedia.com Boston Tea Party facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Boston Tea Party [PAR] Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2000 The Gale Group Inc. [PAR] BOSTON TEA PARTY (1773) [PAR] At nine o'clock on the night of December 16, 1773, a band of Bostonians disguised as Native Americans boarded the British merchant ship Dartmouth and two companion vessels anchored at Griffin's Wharf in Boston harbor. The Americans, who numbered around 70, shared a common aim: to destroy the ships' cargo of British East India Company tea. Many years later George Hewes, a 31\u2013year\u2013old shoemaker and participant, recalled \"We then were ordered by our commander to open the hatches and take out all the chests of tea and throw them overboard. And we immediately proceeded to execute his orders, first cutting and splitting the chests with our tomahawks, so as thoroughly to expose them to the effects of the water.\" Urged on by a crowd of cheering townspeople, the disguised Bostonians destroyed 342 chests of tea estimated to be worth between \u00a310,000 and \u00a318,000. Their actions, which became known as the Boston Tea Party, set in motion events that led directly to the American Revolution (1775\u201383). [PAR] The Boston Tea Party was one of a long series of conflicts between the American colonies and the English government after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754\u201363). The French and Indian War was the last and most expensive of almost a century of colonial wars between France and England. Since a lot of this money was spent to protect the American colonists from French Canadians and their Native American allies, the British government felt the Americans should help pay for the war. They also wanted the colonists to pay some of the future costs of stationing soldiers at forts scattered over the new Western frontier. The Americans, for their part, saw little sense in sending money to England to pay for troops that were needed much closer to home. [PAR] During the 1760s Parliament passed a series of acts designed to reduce the British national debt and to finance the costs of keeping regular soldiers on the American frontier. The most notorious of these was the Stamp Act (1765), which placed a tax on almost every public piece of paper in the colonies, including newspapers, pamphlets, diplomas, licenses, packs of cards, almanacs, and dice. The colonists fiercely resisted these taxes, organizing public protests and intimidating tax collectors. The Stamp Act resistance was the most widespread and best organized inter\u2013colonial protest before the tea crisis of the 1770s. In the face of such widespread opposition the British Parliament backed down. It repealed the Stamp Act and its companion taxes in 1766. [PAR] The following year Parliament tried another means of raising money, through the Townshend Duties or Revenue Acts (1767), so named after Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles \"Champagne Charlie\" Townshend. Instead of placing a direct tax on materials that colonists bought and sold,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deathiversary- October 31st: The Funeral Source Deathiversary- October 31st: The Funeral Source [PAR] 1926- Harry Houdini, magician, died at 52. [PAR] Harry Houdini (born Erik Weisz in Budapest, later Ehrich [PAR] Weiss or Harry Weiss) (b. 1874) was a [PAR] Hungarian-American illusionist and stunt performer, noted [PAR] for his sensational escape acts. He first attracted notice as [PAR] \"Harry Handcuff Houdini\" on a tour of Europe, where he [PAR] challenged different police forces to try to keep him locked [PAR] up. This revealed a talent for gimmickry and for audience [PAR] involvement that characterized all his work. Soon he [PAR] extended his repertoire to include chains, ropes slung from [PAR] 1983- George S. Halas, NFL coach (Chicago Bears), died [PAR] at 88. [PAR] George Stanley Halas, Sr. (b. 1895), nicknamed \"Papa [PAR] Bear\" and \"Mr. Everything\", was a player, coach, owner [PAR] and pioneer in professional American football. He was the [PAR] iconic longtime leader of the National Football League's [PAR] Chicago Bears. He was also lesser known as an inventor, [PAR] jurist, producer, philanthropist, philatelist, and Major [PAR] League Baseball player. [PAR] 1984- Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India, died at 66. [PAR] Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( b. 1917) was the third Prime [PAR] Minister of India and a central figure of the Indian National [PAR] Congress party. Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 [PAR] and then again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is [PAR] the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the [PAR] only woman to hold the office. [PAR] As Prime Minister, Gandhi became known for her political [PAR] ruthlessness and unprecedented centralisation of power. [PAR] 1987- Joseph Campbell, mythologist (Mythic Image), [PAR] died at 83. [PAR] Joseph John Campbell (b. 1904) was an American [PAR] mythologist, writer and lecturer, best known for his work [PAR] in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His [PAR] work is vast, covering many aspects of the human [PAR] experience. His philosophy is often summarized by his [PAR] phrase: \"Follow your bliss.\" [PAR] 1988- John Houseman, actor (Paper Chase, Fog), died at [PAR] 86. [PAR] Houseman (born Jacques Haussmann; 1902) was a [PAR] Romanian born British-American actor and film producer [PAR] who became known for his highly publicized collaboration [PAR] with director Orson Welles from their days in the Federal [PAR] Theatre Project through to the production of Citizen Kane. [PAR] He is perhaps best known for his role as Professor Charles [PAR] Kingsfield in the film The Paper Chase (1973), for which he [PAR] 1879- Joseph Hooker, American General, died at 64. [PAR] Joseph Hooker (b. 1814) was a career U.S. Army officer, [PAR] achieving the rank of major general in the Union Army [PAR] during the American Civil War. Although he served [PAR] throughout the war, usually with distinction, Hooker is [PAR] best remembered for his stunning defeat by Confederate [PAR] General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in [PAR] 1863. [PAR] 1991- Joseph Papp, Broadway producer (Chorus Line), [PAR] died at 70. [PAR] Papp (b. 1921) was an American theatrical producer and [PAR] director. Papp established The Public Theater in what had [PAR] been the Astor Library Building in downtown New York. [PAR] \"The Public,\" as it is known, has many small theaters within [PAR] it. There, Papp created a year-round producing home to [PAR] focus on new creations, both plays and musicals. Among [PAR] numerous examples of these creations were the works of [PAR] David Rabe, Ntozake Shange's For Colored Girls Who [PAR] Join The Funeral Source Email List Today [PAR] NAME: [PAR] Hooker became known as \"Fighting Joe\" following a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Germany \u2013 World Book INK Germany \u2013 World Book INK [PAR] worldbookblog Leave a comment [PAR] In January 1945, late in World War II, the Soviet Red Army was driving back the forces of Nazi Germany in eastern Europe. As the Soviets freed eastern Poland from Nazi control, they discovered the remains of prisoner camps in Be\u0142\u017cec, Che\u0142mno, Majdanek, Sobib\u00f3r, Treblinka, and other towns and villages. The Nazis had used the camps for slave labor and to murder Jews and other people. Most of the camps had been abandoned, and the Nazis had made an effort to hide what had taken place in them. In some cases, it was several years before people learned the full extent of Nazi crimes in those camps. [PAR] But on Jan. 27, 1945, Soviet troops of the 60th Army\u2019s 100th and 322nd rifle divisions entered the gates of a sprawling prison camp complex surrounding the southern Poland city of Auschwitz (called O\u015bwi\u0119cim in Polish). The Nazis had tried to clear the large Auschwitz camps, too, evacuating the complex and taking some 60,000 prisoners with them. Those too weak to walk, however, were left behind. And there was no time to dispose of the dead. On that cold January day, the Soviets found about 7,000 starving prisoners behind barbed wire at Auschwitz. They also found hundreds of corpses in piles about the camp complex. [PAR] The Soviets had unwittingly stumbled upon the largest and most sinister of all the Nazi concentration camps. Auschwitz had opened much like other Nazi prison camps early in World War II, as detention and work centers for political prisoners, Jews, Poles, Roma (sometimes called Gypsies), and Soviet prisoners of war. As the war progressed, so did the Nazis\u2019 fanatical drive to exterminate people they found troublesome or undesirable. Several camps were modified to include mass-killing processes. For the Auschwitz camp, the Nazis constructed a killing-only camp at nearby Birkenau (called Auschwitz II). For maximum efficiency, the Nazis built gas chambers and crematoriums (buildings with furnaces for burning dead bodies) at Birkenau. The Nazis destroyed these buildings before abandoning Auschwitz, but vast amounts of evidence and testimony brought the extent of the tragedy to light after the war. About 1 1/4 million people were murdered at the Auschwitz camp complex, most of them at Birkenau. [PAR] worldbookblog Leave a comment [PAR] Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian politician, soldier, and prince, was at the center of Prussian and German affairs during the second half of the 1800\u2019s. As prime minister of Prussia, Bismarck provoked three wars to force the unification of several German states\u2014with Prussia at the head\u2014into the German empire in 1871. Then, as chancellor of Germany, he pursued treaties to balance the distribution of power among European nations. A staunch conservative monarchist, Bismarck declared that the great problems of his time must be settled by \u201cblood and iron\u201d instead of by speeches and resolutions. Yet, circumstances led him to create a national welfare state and introduce universal male suffrage. Bismarck\u2019s aggressive yet pragmatic actions\u2014and attitudes\u2014heavily influenced Germany well into the 1900\u2019s. [PAR] Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born on April 1, 1815, in Sch\u00f6nhausen, in the Prussian province of Saxony. The son of a noble family, he studied law at the universities of G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin. Bismarck served as an officer in the Prussian army before being elected to the Prussian Diet (national assembly). In 1849, his speeches against liberal revolutionaries gained him the favor of King Frederick William IV. Bismarck then represented Prussia in the Diet of the German Confederation from 1851 to 1859. He served"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stephen King - 'Salem's Lot (Audiobook) \u00bb Vector ... Stephen King - 'Salem's Lot (Audiobook) \u00bb Vector, Photoshop PSDAfter Effects, Tutorials, Template, 3D, [PAR] Categories: E-Books & Audio Books \u00bb Audio Books [PAR] English - Mp3 - AudioBook - Unabridged - 620 MB [PAR] 'Salem's Lot is a 1975 horror fiction novel written by the American author Stephen King. It was his second novel to be published. The story involves a writer named Ben Mears who returns to the town where he lived as a boy between the ages of 9 through 13 (Jerusalem's Lot, or 'Salem's Lot for short) in Maine, New England, to discover that the residents are all becoming vampires. The town would be a location that would be revisited in the short stories \"Jerusalem's Lot\" and \"One for the Road\", both from King's 1978 short story collection Night Shift. [PAR] Stephen King - 'Salem's Lot (Audiobook) [PAR] HI-SPEED DOWNLOAD [PAR] Free 300 GB with Full DSL-Broadband Speed! [PAR] The title King originally chose for his book was Second Coming, but he later decided on Jerusalem's Lot. King stated the reason being that his wife, novelist Tabitha King, thought the original title sounded too much like a \"bad sex story\". King's publishers then shortened it to the current title, thinking the author's choice sounded too religious. 'Salem's Lot has been adapted into a television mini-series twice, first in 1979 and then in 2004. It was also adapted by the BBC as a seven part radio play in 1995. The novel was nominated for the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1976. [PAR] In two separate interviews, King conceded that \u2018Salem\u2019s Lot was his personal favorite book of those which he has written. In his 1983 Playboy Interview the interviewer mentioned that because it was his favorite, King was planning a sequel, but he has more recently stated on his website that since his Dark Tower series picked up the story already, in the novels \u201cWolves of The Calla\u201d and \"Song of Susanna,\" he felt there was no longer a need for one.[3] In 1987 he told Phil Konstantin in \"The Highway Patrolman\" magazine: \"In a way it is my favorite story, mostly because of what it says about small towns. They are kind of a dying organism right now. The story seems sort of down home to me. I have a special cold spot in my heart for it!\" [4] [PAR] The book is dedicated to King's daughter Naomi: \"For Naomi Rachel King . . . promises to keep.\" [PAR] Ben Mears, a successful writer who grew up in the town of Jerusalem's Lot, Maine, has returned home after twenty-five years. Once in town he meets local high school teacher Matt Burke and strikes up a romantic relationship with Susan Norton, a young college graduate. [PAR] Ben starts writing a book about the Marsten House, an abandoned mansion where he had a bad experience as a child. Mears learns that the Marsten House--the former home of Depression-era hitman Hubert \"Hubie\" Marsten--has been purchased by Kurt Barlow, an Austrian immigrant who has arrived in the Lot to ostensibly open an antique store. Barlow is an apparent recluse; only his familiar, Richard Straker, is seen in public. [PAR] The duo's arrival coincides with the disappearance of a young boy, Ralphie Glick, and the death of his brother Danny, who becomes the town's first vampire, infecting such locals as Mike Ryerson, Randy McDougall, Jack Griffen, and Danny's own mother, Marjorie Glick. Danny fails, however, to infect Mark Petrie, who resists him successfully. Over the course of several"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Washington | whitehouse.gov George Washington | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] George Washington [PAR] On April 30, 1789, George Washington, standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York, took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. [PAR] On April 30, 1789, George Washington, standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York, took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. \"As the first of every thing, in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent,\" he wrote James Madison, \"it is devoutly wished on my part, that these precedents may be fixed on true principles.\" [PAR] Born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family, he learned the morals, manners, and body of knowledge requisite for an 18th century Virginia gentleman. [PAR] He pursued two intertwined interests: military arts and western expansion. At 16 he helped survey Shenandoah lands for Thomas, Lord Fairfax. Commissioned a lieutenant colonel in 1754, he fought the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The next year, as an aide to Gen. Edward Braddock, he escaped injury although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him. [PAR] From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands around Mount Vernon and served in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Married to a widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, he devoted himself to a busy and happy life. But like his fellow planters, Washington felt himself exploited by British merchants and hampered by British regulations. As the quarrel with the mother country grew acute, he moderately but firmly voiced his resistance to the restrictions. [PAR] When the Second Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia in May 1775, Washington, one of the Virginia delegates, was elected Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. On July 3, 1775, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years. [PAR] He realized early that the best strategy was to harass the British. He reported to Congress, \"we should on all Occasions avoid a general Action, or put anything to the Risque, unless compelled by a necessity, into which we ought never to be drawn.\" Ensuing battles saw him fall back slowly, then strike unexpectedly. Finally in 1781 with the aid of French allies--he forced the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. [PAR] Washington longed to retire to his fields at Mount Vernon. But he soon realized that the Nation under its Articles of Confederation was not functioning well, so he became a prime mover in the steps leading to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787. When the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected Washington President. [PAR] He did not infringe upon the policy making powers that he felt the Constitution gave Congress. But the determination of foreign policy became preponderantly a Presidential concern. When the French Revolution led to a major war between France and England, Washington refused to accept entirely the recommendations of either his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, or his Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who was pro-British. Rather, he insisted upon a neutral course until the United States could grow stronger. [PAR] To his disappointment, two parties were developing by the end of his first term. Wearied of politics, feeling old, he retired at the end of his second. In his Farewell Address, he urged his countrymen to forswear excessive party spirit and geographical distinctions. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many U.S. presidents have been assassinated? - Do You ... How many U.S. presidents have been assassinated? - Do You Know at MuseumSpot.com [PAR] Search MuseumSpot or Google | Great Must-See sites | See Articles and Exhibits | Find answers | Did you know? [PAR] MuseumSpot > How many U.S. presidents have been assassinated? [PAR] How many U.S. presidents have been assassinated? [PAR] Four presidents have been killed in office: Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy. [PAR] Source: The American Presidency , an exhibit by the Museum of American History.[DOC] [TLE] US Presidential Assassinations and Assassination Attempts US Presidential Assassinations and Assassination Attempts [PAR] By Martin Kelly [PAR] Updated July 25, 2016. [PAR] In the history of the US presidency, four presidents have actually died from assassination. Another six were the subject of assassination attempts. Following is a description of each assassination and attempt that has occurred since the founding of the nation. [PAR] Assassinations [PAR] Abraham Lincoln - Lincoln was shot in the head while watching a play on April 14, 1865. His assassin, John Wilkes Booth escaped and was later shot and killed. Conspirators who helped plan Lincoln's assassination were found guilty and hung. Lincoln died on April 15, 1865. [PAR] James Garfield - Charles J. Guiteau, a mentally disturbed government office seeker, shot Garfield on July 2 , 1881. The president did not die until September 19th of blood poisoning. This was related more to the manner in which the physicians attended to the president than to the wounds themselves. Guiteau was convicted of murder and hanged on June 30, 1882. [PAR] William McKinley - McKinley was shot two times by anarchist Leon Czolgosz while the president was visiting the Pan-American Exhibit in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] He died on September 14, 1901. Czolgosz stated that he shot McKinley because he was an enemy of working people. He was convicted of the murder and electrocuted on October 29, 1901. [PAR] John F. Kennedy - On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy was mortally wounded while riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas. His apparent assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald , was killed by Jack Ruby before standing trial. The Warren Commission was called to investigate Kennedy's death and found that Oswald had acted alone to kill Kennedy. Many argued, however, that there was more than one gunman, a theory upheld by a 1979 House Committee investigation . The FBI and a 1982 study disagreed. Speculation continues to this day. [PAR] Assassination Attempts [PAR] Andrew Jackson - On January 30, 1835, Andrew Jackson was attending a funeral for Congressman Warren Davis. Richard Lawrence attempted to shoot him with two different derringers, each of which misfired. Jackson was incensed and attacked Lawrence with his walking stick. Lawrence was tried for the attempted assassination but was found not guilty by reason of insanity. He spent the rest of his life in an insane asylum. [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt - An assassination attempt was actually not made on Roosevelt's life while he was in the office of president. Instead, it occurred after he had left office and decided to run for another term against William Howard Taft . While campaigning on October 14, 1912, he was shot in the chest by John Schrank, a mentally disturbed New York saloon keeper. Luckily, Roosevelt had a speech and his spectacle case in his pocket that slowed down the .38 caliber bullet. The bullet was never removed but allowed to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ex-first lady, advocate for substance abuse treatment ... Ex-first lady, advocate for substance abuse treatment Betty Ford dies - CNN.com [PAR] Ex-first lady, advocate for substance abuse treatment Betty Ford dies [PAR] By the CNN Wire Staff [PAR] STORY HIGHLIGHTS [PAR] NEW: Stevie Nicks: \"As far as I'm concerned, Betty Ford saved my life.\" [PAR] President Obama calls her \"a powerful advocate\" for health and women's rights [PAR] Betty Ford was surrounded by family members, a relative says [PAR] The widow of Gerald Ford was an advocate for substance abuse treatment [PAR] (CNN) -- Betty Ford, the widow of late President Gerald Ford and a co-founder of an eponymous addiction center in California, has died at the age of 93, according to the director of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum. [PAR] Ford died Friday evening with family at her bedside, according to a family member. [PAR] Elaine Didier, the director of the Grand Rapids, Michigan, museum, confirmed Ford's death to CNN. [PAR] No other details were immediately available. The family is expected to release a statement later Friday or Saturday, Didier said. [PAR] Condolences began pouring in soon after news broke about her death -- including from celebrities who sought treatment at the Betty Ford Center. [PAR] 'She was a great First Lady' [PAR] Betty Ford dies [PAR] Gerald Ford [PAR] \"As far as I'm concerned, Betty Ford saved my life,\" Fleetwood Mac singer Stevie Nicks said. [PAR] Aerosmith singer Steven Tyler, who revealed in his recent autobiography that he was treated at the Betty Ford Center for drug addiction, also praised Ford's work. [PAR] \"Betty Ford took a risk at one of the worst times of her life and came forward to share a message of recovery in order to serve others,\" Tyler said. \"Her vision, passion and amazing heart led to the Betty Ford Center, the gold standard of treatment facilities. She will be missed, but her work in recovery will live on.\" [PAR] President Barack Obama remembered the former first lady as a \"powerful advocate for women's health and women's rights\" and someone who \"helped reduce the social stigma surrounding addiction.\" [PAR] His predecessor, George W. Bush, added that \"because of her leadership, many lives were saved.\" [PAR] Some of the many others offering praise and sympathy included Nancy Reagan (calling Ford \"an inspiration\"), and former presidents George H. W. Bush (describing her as a \"wonderful wife and mother, a great friend and a courageous first lady) and Jimmy Carter (saying she was \"a close personal friend\" and \"a remarkable political spouse.\") [PAR] Born Elizabeth Anne Bloomer in Chicago, she grew up in Grand Rapids. At the age of 21, she moved to New York City to work as a dancer and model. She returned to the Midwest two years later. [PAR] One year after divorcing William Warren after five years of marriage, she wed Gerald Ford -- a former star football player at the University of Michigan, decorated U.S. Navy veteran and budding Republican politician -- in 1948. That year, the woman now known as Betty Ford campaigned with her new husband on his successful venture to become a U.S. congressman from Michigan. She gave birth to three sons and a daughter over the course of their 58-year marriage. [PAR] The family moved to Washington, where Gerald Ford served in the Capitol for 25 years before being tapped in 1973 as then-President Richard Nixon's vice president in place of Spiro T. Agnew. [PAR] Just over 10 months later, Betty Ford became first lady when her husband was sworn in as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All the president's faces: Amazing ... - Daily Mail Online Video shows US Presidents morph from George Washington to Barack Obama | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] As the country enjoys the annual Presidents Day holiday here\u2019s an amazing video which morphs through the faces of all 43 people who have been sworn into the highest office in the land in under four minutes. [PAR] The roll call of great leaders starts with George Washington and goes all the way through to current incumbent Barack Obama. [PAR] Although there have been 44 presidencies, only 43 people have been sworn into office as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. [PAR] Scroll down for video [PAR] From George W Bush into Barack Obama: An amazing video morphs through the faces of all 43 people who have been sworn into the highest office in the land in under four minutes [PAR] Republican Dwight Eisenhower morphs into Democrat John F Kennedy, the only Roman Catholic president to date [PAR] Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon). [PAR] George Washington, the first president, was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share [PAR] William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office with 32 days in 1841. [PAR] Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest with over twelve years, but died shortly into his fourth term in 1945 and is the only president to have served more than two terms. [PAR] Andrew Jackson, the seventh president, was the first to be elected by men of all classes in 1828 after most laws barring non-land-owners from voting were repealed. [PAR] The morphed image captures the moment that Bill Clinton morphs into his replacement George W Bush [PAR] Warren Harding was the first elected after women gained voting rights in 1920. [PAR] Four presidents \u2013 John Q. Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison and George W. Bush \u2013 lost the popular vote but assumed office. [PAR] John F. Kennedy has been the only president of Roman Catholic faith, while Barack Obama is the first African American president. [PAR] To date there have been 18 Republicans, 16 Democrats and in the early days a smattering of Whigs, Federalists and Democratic-Republicans who have held the position. [PAR] As the video morphs through the vintage photographs there are no smiles until Jimmy Carter in 1977. [PAR] Ronald Reagan emerges from a photo of his smiling predecessor Jimmy Carter [PAR] Bill Clinton morphs out of an image of his predecessor George Bush Snr [PAR] Presidents Day is celebrated on the third Monday of February in honor of country\u2019s first president. [PAR] It is also a state holiday in most states where it is known by a variety of names including Presidents Day and Washington's and Lincoln's Birthday and officially celebrates, depending upon the state, Washington alone, Washington and Lincoln, or some other combination of U.S. presidents. [PAR] Some states celebrate Washington and the third president Thomas Jefferson but not Lincoln. [PAR] Colloquially, the holiday is widely known as Presidents Day and is often an occasion to celebrate, or at least remember, all presidents and not just George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. [PAR] Both Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays are in February. [PAR] In historical rankings of Presidents of the United States both Lincoln and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] November 22, 1963: Death of the President - John F ... November 22, 1963: Death of the President - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum [PAR] November 22, 1963: Death of the President [PAR] November 22, 1963: Death of the President [PAR] Shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. [PAR] By the fall of 1963, President John F. Kennedy and his political advisers were preparing for the next presidential campaign. Although he had not formally announced his candidacy, it was clear that President Kennedy was going to run and he seemed confident about his chances for re-election. [PAR] At the end of September, the president traveled west, speaking in nine different states in less than a week. The trip was meant to put a spotlight on natural resources and conservation efforts. But JFK also used it to sound out themes\u2014such as education, national security, and world peace\u2014for his run in 1964. [PAR] Campaigning in Texas [PAR] A month later, the president addressed Democratic gatherings in Boston and Philadelphia. Then, on November 12, he held the first important political planning session for the upcoming election year. At the meeting, JFK stressed the importance of winning Florida and Texas and talked about his plans to visit both states in the next two weeks. [PAR] Mrs. Kennedy would accompany him on the swing through Texas, which would be her first extended public appearance since the loss of their baby, Patrick, in August. On November 21, the president and first lady departed on Air Force One for the two-day, five-city tour of Texas. [PAR] [PAR] President Kennedy was aware that a feud among party leaders in Texas could jeopardize his chances of carrying the state in 1964, and one of his aims for the trip was to bring Democrats together. He also knew that a relatively small but vocal group of extremists was contributing to the political tensions in Texas and would likely make its presence felt\u2014particularly in Dallas, where US Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson had been physically attacked a month earlier after making a speech there. Nonetheless, JFK seemed to relish the prospect of leaving Washington, getting out among the people and into the political fray. [PAR] The first stop was San Antonio. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Governor John B. Connally, and Senator Ralph W. Yarborough led the welcoming party. They accompanied the president to Brooks Air Force Base for the dedication of the Aerospace Medical Health Center. Continuing on to Houston, he addressed a Latin American citizens' organization and spoke at a testimonial dinner for Congressman Albert Thomas before ending the day in Fort Worth. [PAR] Morning in Fort Worth [PAR] A light rain was falling on Friday morning, November 22, but a crowd of several thousand stood in the parking lot outside the Texas Hotel where the Kennedys had spent the night. A platform was set up and the president, wearing no protection against the weather, came out to make some brief remarks. \"There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth,\" he began, \"and I appreciate your being here this morning. Mrs. Kennedy is organizing herself. It takes longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when she does it.\" He went on to talk about the nation's need for being \"second to none\" in defense and in space, for continued growth in the economy and \"the willingness of citizens of the United States to assume the burdens of leadership.\" [PAR] The warmth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jane Wyman - Biography - IMDb Jane Wyman - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jane Wyman [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 168 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (5) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (117) | Personal Quotes (35) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 5\u00bd\" (1.66 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Jane Wyman was born Sarah Jane Mayfield on January 5, 1917, in St. Joseph, Missouri (she was also known later as Sarah Jane Fulks). When she was only eight years old, and after her parents filed for divorce, she lost her father prematurely. After graduating high school she attempted, with the help of her mother, to break into films, but to no avail. In 1932, after attending the University of Missouri, she began a career as a radio singer, which led to her first name change to Jane Durrell. In 1936 she signed a contract with Warner Bros. Pictures and that led to another name change, the more familiar one of Jane Wyman. Under that name she appeared in \"A\" and \"B\" pictures at Warners, including two with her future husband, Ronald Reagan : Brother Rat (1938) and its sequel, Brother Rat and a Baby (1940). In the early 1940s she moved into comedies and melodramas and gained attention for her role as Ray Milland 's long-suffering girlfriend in The Lost Weekend (1945). The following year she was nominated for a Best Actress Oscar for her role as Ma Baxter in The Yearling (1946), and won the coveted prize in 1949 as deaf-mute rape victim Belinda MacDonald in Johnny Belinda (1948). She followed that with a number of appearances in more prestigious films, such as Alfred Hitchcock 's Stage Fright (1950), Frank Capra 's Here Comes the Groom (1951), Michael Curtiz 's The Story of Will Rogers (1952) and the first movie version of The Glass Menagerie (1950). She starred opposite Bing Crosby in the musical Just for You (1952). She was Oscar-nominated for her performances in The Blue Veil (1951) and Magnificent Obsession (1954). She also starred in the immensely popular So Big (1953), Lucy Gallant (1955), All That Heaven Allows (1955) and Miracle in the Rain (1956). In addition to her extensive film career, she hosted TV's Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre (1955) and starred in most of the episodes of the show, which ran for three seasons. She came back to the big screen in Holiday for Lovers (1959), Pollyanna (1960) and her final film, How to Commit Marriage (1969). Although off the big screen, she became a presence on the small screen and starred in two made-for-TV movies, including The Incredible Journey of Doctor Meg Laurel (1979). In early 1981, in the 49th year of her career, she won the role of conniving matriarch Angela Channing Erikson Stavros Agretti in the movie \"The Vintage Years\", which was the unaired pilot for the prime-time soap opera Falcon Crest (1981), later in the year. For nine seasons she played that character in a way that virtually no other actress could have done, and became the moral center of the show. The show was a ratings winner from its debut in 1981, and made stars out of her fellow cast members Robert Foxworth , Lorenzo Lamas , Abby Dalton and Susan Sullivan . At the end of the first season the storyline had her being informed that her evil son, played by David Selby , had inherited 50% of a California newspaper company, and the conflicts inherent in that situation led to even bigger ratings over the next"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard M. Nixon - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Richard M. Nixon - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Richard M. Nixon [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Richard Nixon (1913-94), the 37th U.S. president, is best remembered as the only president ever to resign from office. Nixon stepped down in 1974, halfway through his second term, rather than face impeachment over his efforts to cover up illegal activities by members of his administration in the Watergate scandal. A former Republican congressman and U.S. senator from California, he served two terms as vice president under Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) in the 1950s. In 1960, Nixon lost his bid for the presidency in a close race with Democrat John F. Kennedy (1917-63). He ran for the White House again in 1968 and won. As president, Nixon\u2019s achievements included forging diplomatic ties with China and the Soviet Union, and withdrawing U.S. troops from an unpopular war in Vietnam. However, Nixon\u2019s involvement in Watergate tarnished his legacy and deepened American cynicism about government. [PAR] Google [PAR] Education and Early Political Career [PAR] Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California . He was the second of five sons of Francis Anthony Nixon (1878-1956), who struggled to earn a living running a grocery store and gas station, and his wife, Hannah Milhous Nixon (1885-1967). .Nixon absorbed his parents\u2019 discontent with their working-class circumstances and developed a strong sense of ambition.. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] While serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II, Richard Nixon won large amounts of money playing poker. He used these winnings to help fund his first political campaign in 1946. [PAR] He attended Whittier College, where he excelled as a debater and was elected president of the student body before graduating in 1934. Three years later, he earned a law degree from Duke University, where he was head of the student bar association and graduated near the top of his class. After Duke, he returned to Whittier, California, and began working as an attorney. In 1940, Nixon married Thelma Catherine \u201cPat\u201d Ryan (1912-93), whom he met while participating in a local theater group. The couple had two daughters, Patricia (1946-) and Julie (1948-). When America entered World War II (1939-45), Nixon joined the U.S. Navy and served as an operations officer in the Pacific. [PAR] Following the war, Nixon launched his political career in 1946 when he defeated a five-term Democratic incumbent to represent his California district in the U.S. House of Representatives. As a congressman, Nixon served on the House Un-American Activities Committee and rose to national prominence by leading a controversial investigation of Alger Hiss (1904-1996), a well-regarded former State Department official who was accused of spying for the Soviet Union in the late 1930s. [PAR] Nixon was re-elected to Congress in 1948 and two years later, in 1950, won a seat in the U.S. Senate. [PAR] An Unsuccessful Bid for the Presidency [PAR] Although Nixon\u2019s attacks on alleged Communists and political opponents alarmed some people, they increased his popularity among conservative Republicans. In 1952, General Dwight Eisenhower selected the 39-year-old first-term senator to be his vice presidential running mate. A few months after accepting the nomination, Nixon became the target of a negative campaign that raised questions about money and gifts he allegedly received from industry lobbyists. Nixon answered these charges in his famous \u201cCheckers\u201d speech, claiming that the only gift he ever accepted was a puppy named Checkers for his young daughter. The speech proved effective and preserved Nixon\u2019s spot on the ticket. [PAR] Eisenhower and Nixon won the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Woodrow Wilson\u2019s Early Years [PAR] Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia . (Because his mother said he arrived around midnight, some sources list Wilson\u2019s birthday as December 29.) His father, Joseph Ruggles Wilson (1822-1903), was a Presbyterian minister, and his mother, Janet Woodrow Wilson (1826-1888), was a minister\u2019s daughter and originally from England. Tommy Wilson, as he was called growing up, spent his childhood and teen years in Augusta, Georgia , and Columbia, South Carolina . During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Wilson\u2019s father served as a chaplain in the Confederate army and used his church as a hospital for injured Confederate troops. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Woodrow Wilson, who had an esteemed career as an academic and university president before entering politics, did not learn to read until he was 10, likely due to dyslexia. [PAR] Wilson graduated from Princeton University (then called the College of New Jersey ) in 1879 and went on to attend law school at the University of Virginia. After briefly practicing law in Atlanta, Georgia, he received a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University in 1886. (Wilson remains the only U.S. president to earn a doctorate degree.) He taught at Bryn Mawr College and Wesleyan College before being hired by Princeton in 1890 as a professor of jurisprudence and politics. From 1902 to 1910, Wilson was president of Princeton, where he developed a national reputation for his educational reform policies. [PAR] In 1885, Wilson married Ellen Axson (1860-1914), a minister\u2019s daughter and Georgia native. The couple had three daughters before Ellen died of kidney disease in 1914, during her husband\u2019s first presidential term. The following year, Wilson married Edith Bolling Galt (1872-1961), a widow whose husband had owned a Washington , D.C., jewelry business. [PAR] Woodrow Wilson\u2019s Rise in Politics [PAR] In 1910, Woodrow Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey, where he fought machine politics and garnered national attention as a progressive reformer. In 1912, the Democrats nominated Wilson for president, selecting Thomas Marshall (1854-1925), the governor of Indiana , as his vice presidential running mate. The Republican Party split over their choice for a presidential candidate: Conservative Republicans re-nominated President William Taft (1857-1930), while the progressive wing broke off to form the Progressive (or Bull Moose) Party and nominated Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), who had served as president from 1901 to 1909. [PAR] With the Republicans divided, Wilson, who campaigned on a platform of liberal reform, won 435 electoral votes, compared to 88 for Roosevelt and eight for Taft. He garnered nearly 42 percent of the popular vote; Roosevelt came in second place with more than 27 percent of the popular vote. [PAR] Woodrow Wilson\u2019s First Administration [PAR] At the age of 56, Woodrow Wilson was sworn into office in March 1913. He was the last American president to travel to his inauguration ceremony in a horse-drawn carriage. Once in the White House , Wilson achieved significant progressive reform. Congress passed the Underwood-Simmons Act, which reduced the tariff on imports and imposed a new federal income tax. It also passed legislation establishing the Federal Reserve (which provides a system for regulating the nation\u2019s banks, credit and money supply) and the Federal Trade Commission (which investigates and prohibits unfair business practices). Other accomplishments included child labor laws, an eight-hour day for railroad workers and government loans to farmers. Additionally, Wilson nominated the first Jewish person to the U.S. Supreme Court, Louis Brandeis (1856-1941), who was confirmed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidents ' Day in the United States - Time and Date AS Presidents' Day in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Presidents' Day [PAR] Presidents' Day in the United States [PAR] Washington's Birthday, also known as Presidents' Day, is a federal holiday held on the third Monday of February. The day honors presidents of the United States, including George Washington, the USA's first president. [PAR] George Washington was the first president of the United States of America. [PAR] George Washington was the first president of the United States of America. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Jason DiLorenzo [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Washington's Birthday officially honors the life and work of George Washington, the first president of the United States. The day commemorates past presidents of the USA. Washington's Birthday is sometimes known as Presidents' Day. This is because while most states have adopted Washington's Birthday, some states officially celebrate Presidents' Day. [PAR] Some states pay particular attention to Abraham Lincoln, as his birthday was also in mid-February. In the weeks or days leading up to the holiday, schools often organize events and lessons for students about the presidents of the United States and George Washington in particular. It is a popular day for stores to start their sales. [PAR] The US federal holiday is on the third Monday of February each year, but records show that George Washington's birthday is on February 22. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Many businesses are open as usual and many stores hold sales on Washington's Birthday. Many delivery services, except for the Post Office, have a regular service and many, but not all, public transit systems operate on regular schedules. Some schools close for the whole week for a mid-winter recess. According to some government sources, Indiana observes the Washington's birthday holiday in December. [PAR] Background [PAR] George Washington was the first president of the United States of America. His first term as president was from 1789 to 1793 and his second term from 1793 to 1797. Before he became president, he played important roles in the military, leading the American Continental Army to victory over the British in 1783. Washington is often seen as the father of the United States and is probably the best known American politician ever. [PAR] The likeness and name of George Washington can still be seen in many places in the United States. There is the portrait of him and three other American presidents carved into Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota. His image is also used on the one-dollar bill and the quarter-dollar coin. The capital of the United States, Washington D.C., Washington State and at least three universities are named after him. [PAR] Washington's Birthday was first celebrated as a holiday in the District of Columbia in 1880. It was made a federal holiday in 1885. The holiday was originally held on the anniversary of George Washington's birth, on February 22. In 1971, this holiday was moved to the third Monday in February. [PAR] This holiday is legally designated as \"Washington\u2019s Birthday\". Though other institutions such as state and local governments and private businesses may use other names, it is the federal government\u2019s policy to always refer to holidays by the names designated in the law."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Around the World in 80 Days Character Analysis Around the World in 80 Days Character Analysis [PAR] Downloadable / Printable Version [PAR] Character Analysis [PAR] Phileas Fogg - This precise and intelligent man is one to the most memorable characters of Verne. When we are introduced to him, he is an English man who lives a very regularized life. He is impeccable in his manners and is very punctual as well as particular about what he wants. If it weren\u2019t for the title we would never have guessed that he makes a plan to go around the world. What is most distinct about his character is his eccentricity and even his trip around the world results out of a stubborn quirk and not out of a greed for the wager money. [PAR] While Fogg does travel around the world he does not really bother to find out more about the possible sources of tourist interest that he passes through. Surprisingly if anyone had a conversation with Fogg regarding the very same places, he would know a lot about them. It is the volatility and fire beneath the calm exterior that makes Fogg so very attractive. [PAR] Your browser does not support the IFRAME tag. [PAR] Another outstanding trait of Fogg is his large heartedness. He decides to help the sacrificial victim, Aouda and risks his own life in the bargain. The same attribute in Fogg enables him to pardon Passepartout despite the latter\u2019s many blunders. Towards the end of the novel, Fogg even forgives the detective who had put so many hurdles in Fogg\u2019s path. Fogg goes to the extent of giving Fix some money, while anyone else in Fogg\u2019s place would have been livid with anger. [PAR] As the protagonist of the story, Fogg demands a great deal of attention. It is he who sets most of the action rolling and it is he who initiates the entire adventure. He never gives up despite all odds and hires boats, captures ships, rides on a snow mobile and even hires a train in order to attain his goal. [PAR] Verne adds an unexpected twist in the story when the precise Fogg slips up and mistakes the time. He thinks he has reached London late, when in fact, he reaches it a full day earlier. The entire England and the readers too cheer, when Fogg wins the wager and manages to go around the world in the stipulated period. [PAR] Verne shows growth in Fogg\u2019s character. While Verne celebrates Fogg\u2019s rationality and his detachment at the end Verne maintains that Fogg attains nothing but love through his entire endeavor. He may have won a wager, which is good for his pride but more than anything else he finds lasting love, which is wonderful for his heart. Aouda would have kept Fogg very happy and we are glad that the ex-shipman marries the exotic Indian princess. [PAR] Passepartout - Fogg\u2019s valet, Passepartout is a foil to Fogg\u2019s character. This interesting Frenchman is an integral part of the story, from the very first chapter. He is shown as a man, who is on the lookout for some peace and quiet after having had a very exciting and adventurous life. It is for this reason that he decides to serve the impeccable Fogg, who comes across as a meticulous man, who will not undertake travels. Passepartout soon realizes that he is completely wrong for Fogg suddenly plans a journey around the world and Passepartout is tugged along. This journey is not undertaken at a leisurely pace but is completed at a hectic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 39 Steps to writing a perfect thriller by author John ... The 39 Steps to writing a perfect thriller by author John Buchan's grandson | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Even now, almost 100 years after it was first published, the story retains a modernity that is little short of astonishing [PAR] 'The 39 Steps, in its language, its settings, its nods to contemporary technology and its characterisation, belongs firmly to the 20th century,' said John Buchan's grandson, Toby [PAR] On a late-summer\u2019s day in 1914, a man walks with his small daughter down a rickety flight of wooden steps leading to a private beach from a house on the clifftop. The girl, just turned six, is improving her counting by determinedly calling out the number of each step. [PAR] \u2018Thirty-six, thirty-seven, thirty-eight, thirty-NINE!\u2019 she says in triumph as they step off onto the sand. [PAR] Thus Alice Buchan gave the title to her father\u2019s, my grandfather\u2019s, new novel, little knowing that it would prove to be one of the most enduring adventure stories ever to be published. [PAR] John Buchan wrote The 39 Steps in a few weeks towards the end of 1914, while staying with his wife and children at Broadstairs in Kent, in a house on the cliffs overlooking Stone Bay. (The house is still there; indeed, anyone wishing to re-enact the novel\u2019s finale may rent it as a holiday let.) [PAR] While there, he became ill with the duodenal problems that plagued him all his life, and which had prevented him from joining the Army, Britain having declared war against Germany on August 4 that year. Two major elements among these facts \u2013 the clifftop setting and the coming of war \u2013 infuse what has come to be widely regarded as the first modern spy thriller. [PAR] Buchan posted the manuscript to Blackwood & Sons in Edinburgh, publisher not only of books but of the famous literary magazine that bore its name. [PAR] \u2018It has amused me to write, but whether it will amuse you to read is another matter,\u2019 he wrote. [PAR] He need not have fretted. Blackwood\u2019s accepted it at once and published it in the magazine, in serial form and pseudonymously, between July and September 1915, and as a book under Buchan\u2019s name in October. It was an immediate success \u2013 and more than that, it has become a classic of its kind. [PAR] Today, the principal charges levelled against the novel are that it is dated, and that it relies too heavily upon improbable circumstances or coincidences. Yet I would argue that even now, almost 100 years after it was first published, the story retains a modernity that is little short of astonishing. [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps, released in 1935, is an extremely well-made comedy thriller that's widely and deservedly admired [PAR] I am reminded of its place in our collective narrative by a cartoon I clipped from a newspaper a few years ago and pinned to my office wall. It shows a boy of about eight, standing in front of his parents. [PAR] He is wearing a tweed Norfolk jacket, a tie, breeches, chequered shooting stockings and what are no doubt stout brogues. Eyes closed as in serious thought, he is drawing on a pipe clamped between his teeth, the bowl of which he\u2019s holding in his left hand. In his right, half wedged beneath his arm, he holds a copy of The 39 Steps. Anxiously, his mother is saying to her husband, \u2018Why doesn\u2019t he read Harry Potter, like other kids?\u2019 Why indeed? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang car up for auction - BBC News Chitty Chitty Bang Bang car up for auction - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang car up for auction [PAR] 15 May 2011 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionWatch: Peter Bowes test drives Chitty Chitty Bang Bang [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, one of the most loved cars in the world, is going up for auction in Los Angeles. [PAR] The star of the 1968 family movie was shipped to California from England to go under the hammer on Sunday. [PAR] The unique vehicle, which is still in working order, is expected to fetch up to $2m (\u00a31.2m). [PAR] For the past four decades it has been kept in Stratford-upon-Avon by owner Pierre Picton, the man who looked after it on set. [PAR] It has appeared at hundreds of shows and charity road races, but has never been auctioned until now. [PAR] Magical being [PAR] There were several Chitty Chitty Bang Bang cars made for the film, but this was the only one that actually worked. [PAR] It was driven in the movie by Dick Van Dyke, who played the eccentric inventor who takes his children on the adventure of a lifetime. [PAR] I think it's the most recognisable car in the world - this is a once in a lifetime opportunity [PAR] Joe Maddalena, Profiles in History [PAR] The vehicle was designed by Ken Adam and built by the Ford Racing Team. [PAR] Its bonnet is crafted of polished aluminium; the boat deck is hand-crafted of red and white cedar, and the brass fittings taken from Edwardian cars. [PAR] The car is powered by a Ford three-litre V6 engine and has a dashboard plate from a British World War I fighter plane. [PAR] Chitty was completed in 1967 and registered with the number plate GEN 11, given to her by Ian Fleming, who wrote the novel the film was based on. The registration spells the Latin word \"genii\", meaning magical person or being. [PAR] It is being sold by a Hollywood memorabilia company Profiles in History, which says the vehicle is attracting interest from around the world. [PAR] \"I think it's the most recognisable car in the world,\" said Joe Maddalena, the company's owner. [PAR] \"This car is the best of the best. It takes your breath away. This is a once in a lifetime opportunity for a car collector or museum.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Beauty by Anna Sewell, First Edition - AbeBooks Black Beauty by Anna Sewell, First Edition - AbeBooks [PAR] Black Beauty by Anna Sewell, First Edition [PAR] You Searched For: [PAR] Results (1 - 30) of 272 [PAR] 1 [PAR] Search Within These Results: [PAR] Bookseller Image [PAR] Published by London Jarrold and Sons (1877) [PAR] Used Hardcover First Edition [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: London Jarrold and Sons, 1877. First Edition Of \"Black Beauty\" SEWELL, Anna. Black Beauty: His Grooms and Companions. The Autobiography of a Horse. Translated from the Original Equine by Anna Sewell. London: Jarrold & Sons, [1877]. First edition. Octavo (6 7/16 x 4 1/8 inches; 164 x 105 mm). viii [9]-247, [1], [8] ads. Black and white wood-engraved frontispiece by C. Hewitt (included in pagination). Original publisher's cloth, Carter's variant \"C\" binding: terracotta cloth blocked in black and gilt. Brown coated endpapers. Spine lightly sunned and some minor rubbing at extremities. Re-cased with some professional restoration to top and bottom of spine. A few thumb marks to first few pages. This is a good copy of this enduring children's classic. \"Sewell's only publication was Black Beauty, written intermittently from 1871 to 1877 at a time when her health further declined, and she was confined to the house and her sofa. In the early period of writing the novel she dictated to her mother from the sofa on which she lay; in 1876 she was able to write in pencil on slips of paper which her mother transcribed. The novel was sold to her mother's publishers, Jarrold & Sons, for an outright payment of \u00a340 and published as Black Beauty: his grooms and companions; the autobiography of a horse, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTranslated from the Original Equine, by Anna Sewell\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, on 24 November 1877 when Anna was fifty-seven. Now a children's classic, the novel was originally written for those who worked with horses, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdits special aim\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, Sewell wrote, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbeing to induce kindness, sympathy, and an understanding treatment of horses\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (Mrs Bayly, 272). It has been seen as instrumental in leading to the abolition of the bearing-rein.\" (Oxford Dictionary of National Biography). Carter, More Binding Variants, pp. 37 and 38. HBS 67529. $4,500. Bookseller Inventory # 67529 [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Boston: American Humane Education Society, 1890, 1890. First Edition; publisher's printed boards; minute chipping at the top and bottom of the spine; extremely slight soiling and wear; an unusually fine and fresh copy. The front cover touts this as \"The \u00d4Uncle Tom's Cabin' of the Horse,\" a fair comment given the effect that this novel has had to this day. How far society has come in this regard is demonstrated by the short instruction manual following the text on the humane killing of a horse or dog, something taken for granted in these days of veterinary open-heart surgery. While the humane sentiments of the Boston Brahmin do-gooders was laudable, it should be noted that the condition and treatment of human beings at that time was not much better than that of animals. Bookseller Inventory # 13223 [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Humane Education Society, Boston, 1890. Soft cover. Book Condition: Very Good. No Jacket. 1st Edition. Black Beauty by Anna Sewell. First American edition, first issue in original printed stiff boards. Publisher: Humane Education Society, Boston, (1890). First issue with Introductory Chapter dated February 12, 1890 and ads on endpapers dated March, 1890. Nice tight copy in very good plus condition, toning to spine, heavy toning to rear cover. Contents clean. Damp staining to corner of title-page"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Foundation: Isaac Asimov: 9780553293357: Amazon.com: Books Foundation: Isaac Asimov: 9780553293357: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] By J. Callen on November 22, 2013 [PAR] Format: Kindle Edition|Verified Purchase [PAR] This review is specifically of the Kindle edition, published by Ballantine/Bantam. [PAR] The Foundation Trilogy is a wonderful piece of work, but the Kindle edition butchers it! Someone has decided to water down Asimov's prose, eliminating some of the more enjoyable passages of the book. Here are some examples, found by comparison with an old Bantam Doubleday hardcover edition. [PAR] Several pages into chapter 3, Salvor Hardin is arguing with the Encyclopedists about the decline of the Empire. [PAR] Original: \"If you ask me,\", he cried, \"THE GALAXY IS GOING TO POT!\" [PAR] Kindle: \"If you ask me,\", he cried, \"THE GALACTIC EMPIRE IS DYING!\" [PAR] In chapter 5, Hardin is again meeting with the Encyclopedists and discussing the threat received from Anacreon. [PAR] Original: The message from Anacreon ... boils down easily and straightforwardly to the unqualified statement ... \"You give us what we want in a week, or we beat the hell out of you and take it anyway.\" [PAR] Kindle: The message from Anacreon ... boils down easily and straightforwardly to the unqualified statement ... \"You give us what we want in a week, or we take it by force.\" [PAR] I'm going to be asking for a refund. [PAR] By Alastair Browne on March 23, 2016 [PAR] Format: Hardcover|Verified Purchase [PAR] This is Isaac Asimov\u00e2\u0080\u0099s masterpiece. This is about the fall of the Galactic Empire, consisting of the entire Milky Way galaxy. In the story, there are twenty five million inhabited planets, with a population in the quintillions, set 50,000 years in the future. The planet of origin had long been forgotten, and the citizens of the galaxy knew of no other form of government. Nobody in the galaxy was aware of what was to happen. [PAR] Nobody, except one man, a psychologist named Hari Seldon. He invented the concept of psychohistory, predicting the behavior of human masses. The behavior of one human being is unpredictable, but the behavior of masses of people can be predicted in their reactions to any event. The greater the mass, the easier it is to predict their reactions. [PAR] In predicting the fall of an empire, Dr. Seldon foresees 30,000 years of barbarism, a dark age, ahead for humanity. The fall of this empire could not be averted, but the period of barbarism could be reduced from 30,000 years down to 1,000 years, so Dr. Seldon sets up two foundations, \u00e2\u0080\u009cat opposite ends of the galaxy\u00e2\u0080\u009d in order to observe and intervene when necessary when a major crisis arises, and for the Foundation, the First Foundation in this case, can deal with it and move on with its work. [PAR] Dr. Asimov himself has stated that this trilogy is based on the book, \u00e2\u0080\u009cThe Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.\u00e2\u0080\u009d You can see the resemblances here. Rome itself was also known as Terminus back in the days of the empire. When Rome fell, it did split apart into feudal kingdoms before the Renaissance, and then the nation-state came into being. Don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t forget the Barbarians, the Germanic tribes to the North of Europe. [PAR] With this, you have an interesting book. Little kingdoms are formed as the empire falls apart, all trying to be the top power, with several battles taking place here and there. There are different planets with different physical features; one planet always faces its sun, with the inhabitants living on the border day/night (twilight) zone. Another planet being"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is \"Lord of the Rings\" a trilogy of books in Tolkien's ... Is \"Lord of the Rings\" a trilogy of books in Tolkien's opinion? - Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange [PAR] up vote 62 down vote accepted [PAR] TL;DR Tolkien himself did NOT consider it a trilogy. [PAR] It shouldn't even be called 3 books, since Tolkien didn't refer to them as books, but as volumes, and any time he used the word he air-quoted it as 'books'. [PAR] Wikipedia gives us a good start: [PAR] Tolkien regarded it as a single work and divided it into a prologue, six books, and five appendices. Because of post-World War II paper shortages, it was originally published in three volumes. [PAR] To back that up, we can refer to Tolkien's letters: [PAR] Letter 136 [PAR] P.S. I have given some thought to the matter of sub-titles for the volumes, which you thought were desirable. But I do not find it easy, as the 'books', though they must be grouped in pairs, are not really paired; and the middle pair (III/IV) are not really related. [PAR] Would it not do if the 'book-titles' were used: e.g. The Lord of the Rings: Vol. I The Ring Sets out and The Ring Goes South; Vol. II The Treason of Isengard, and The Ring goes East; Vol. III The War of the Ring, and The End of the Third Age'? [PAR] If not, I can at the moment think of nothing better than : I The Shadow Grows II The Ring in the Shadow III The War of the Ring or The Return of the King. JRRT. [PAR] . [PAR] Letter 149 [PAR] The (unavoidable) disadvantage of issuing in three pans has been shown in the 'shapelessness' that several readers have found, since that is true if one volume is supposed to stand alone. 'Trilogy', which is not really accurate, is partly to blame. There is too much 'hobbitry' in Vol. I taken by itself; and several critics have obviously not got far beyond Chapter I. [PAR] And the most direct one: [PAR] Letter 165 [PAR] P.S. The book is not of course a 'trilogy'. That and the titles of the volumes was a fudge thought necessary for publication, owing to length and cost. There is no real division into 3, nor is any one pan intelligible alone. The story was conceived and written as a whole and the only natural divisions are the 'books' I-VI (which originally had titles). [PAR] Further details can be found in this excellent article from The Tolkien Society: \" The Lord of the Rings: The Tale of a Text \": [PAR] The Lord of the Rings is not a trilogy: by the time it was being prepared for publication in 1950, Tolkien was thinking of it as a duology: a book of two parts, the other being The Silmarillion - a work concieved of as being of equal size to The Lord of the Rings (Letter 126 to Milton Waldon, 10/3/1950). [PAR] ... Tolkien's publisher, Stanley Unwin, was not convinced by the idea of publishing The Silmarillion, and wanted to publish just The Lord of the Rings. In 1952 the publishers estimated the price for a single volume would be at least \u00a33 10s, and were looking into the possibility of publishing the work in two volumes, as well as for a cheaper printer. As we know, Allen and Unwin decided that three volumes was the best number: an economic, not a literary decision: Tolkien at this point was still thinking of his work as six books"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Steinbeck - Biographical John Steinbeck - Biographical [PAR] John Steinbeck [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 [PAR] John Steinbeck [PAR] Questions and Answers on John Steinbeck [PAR] John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, came from a family of moderate means. He worked his way through college at Stanford University but never graduated. In 1925 he went to New York, where he tried for a few years to establish himself as a free-lance writer, but he failed and returned to California. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck first became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a series of humorous stories about Monterey paisanos. [PAR] Steinbeck's novels can all be classified as social novels dealing with the economic problems of rural labour, but there is also a streak of worship of the soil in his books, which does not always agree with his matter-of-fact sociological approach. After the rough and earthy humour of Tortilla Flat, he moved on to more serious fiction, often aggressive in its social criticism, to In Dubious Battle (1936), which deals with the strikes of the migratory fruit pickers on California plantations. This was followed by Of Mice and Men (1937), the story of the imbecile giant Lennie, and a series of admirable short stories collected in the volume The Long Valley (1938). In 1939 he published what is considered his best work, The Grapes of Wrath, the story of Oklahoma tenant farmers who, unable to earn a living from the land, moved to California where they became migratory workers. [PAR] Among his later works should be mentioned East of Eden (1952), The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), and Travels with Charley (1962), a travelogue in which Steinbeck wrote about his impressions during a three-month tour in a truck that led him through forty American states. He died in New York City in 1968. [PAR] From Nobel Lectures , Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969 [PAR] This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel . It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures . To cite this document, always state the source as shown above."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Crichton, 66; wrote 'Jurassic Park', created 'ER ... Michael Crichton, 66; wrote 'Jurassic Park', created 'ER' - The Boston Globe [PAR] Obituaries [PAR] Michael Crichton, 66; wrote 'Jurassic Park', created 'ER' [PAR] Michael Crichton started writing professionally while a student at Harvard Medical School (above). (Julian Brown for The Boston Globe/ 1969 file) [PAR] Globe Wires / November 6, 2008 [PAR] | [PAR] Text size \u2013 + [PAR] LOS ANGELES - Michael Crichton, who wrote such best-selling novels as \"The Andromeda Strain\" and \"Jurassic Park,\" directed such movies as \"Coma\" and \"The Great Train Robbery,\" and created the long-running TV drama \"ER,\" has died. He was 66. [PAR] Dr. Crichton, who put himself through Harvard Medical School by writing potboilers under several pseudonyms before becoming a novelist whose books sold more than 150 million copies worldwide, died Tuesday in Los Angeles after what his family described as a \"courageous and private battle against cancer.\" [PAR] \"Michael's talent outscaled even his own dinosaurs of 'Jurassic Park,' \" filmmaker Steven Spielberg, who directed the movie version of that novel, said in a statement. \"He was the greatest at blending science with big theatrical concepts, which is what gave credibility to dinosaurs again walking the Earth.\" [PAR] That synthesizing of science and storytelling began at Harvard. After earning his undergraduate in anthropology in 1964 and spending a year on a teaching fellowship at Cambridge University, he entered the medical school. [PAR] To help pay his tuition, he began writing paperback thrillers under the pen names John Lange and Jeffery Hudson. His 1968 medical thriller \"A Case of Need,\" won an Edgar Allan Poe Award from the Mystery Writers of America. [PAR] While still studying medicine at Harvard, he wrote his first best-seller: \"The Andromeda Strain,\" a fast-paced scientifically and technologically detailed thriller about a team of scientists attempting to save humanity from a deadly microorganism brought to Earth by a military satellite. It was made into a movie in 1971. [PAR] After getting his medical degree, Dr. Crichton moved to California and eventually abandoned medicine to become a full-time writer. [PAR] \"I don't like being locked into someone else's reality. People tend to be gladiators, with nets,\" he told The Boston Globe in 1988. \"What I heard when I gave up doctoring for writing was: 'This is ridiculous!' 'You're nuts!' You're a fool!' \" [PAR] Instead, he became rich and famous. [PAR] For the next four decades, the 6-foot-9 writer was a towering presence in the worlds of publishing and filmmaking. [PAR] His novels in the '70s and '80s included \"The Terminal Man,\" \"The Great Train Robbery,\" \"Eaters of the Dead,\" \"Congo,\" and \"Sphere.\" [PAR] Dr. Crichton made his feature film directing debut in 1973 with \"Westworld,\" which he also wrote, about a fantasy theme park for wealthy vacationers whose fun is spoiled when malfunctioning androids turn deadly. Yul Brynner was the leader of the marauding androids. [PAR] Dr. Crichton directed five other movies in the '70s and '80s, including \"Coma.\" For his adaptation of that Robin Cook novel, Dr. Crichton returned to his Boston ties. He filmed much of the movie in Eastern Massachusetts, including hospital scenes at Boston City Hospital. [PAR] As a novelist, Dr. Crichton came back stronger than ever in the 1990s with bestsellers such as \"Jurassic Park,\" \"Rising Sun,\" \"Disclosure,\" and \"Timeline.\" [PAR] During the same decade, he co-wrote the screenplay for \"Jurassic Park,\" the 1993 Spielberg-directed blockbuster hit; and he co-wrote the screenplay for the 1996 action-thriller \"Twister\" with his fourth wife, actress Anne-Marie Martin, with whom he had a daughter, Taylor. [PAR] Dr."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three Men in a Boat (TV Movie 1975) - IMDb Three Men in a Boat (TV Movie 1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Three Men in a Boat ( 1975 ) [PAR] 1h 4min [PAR] One hot June day, three friends decide there is nothing they would like to do more than to get away from London. A boating holiday with lots of fresh air and exercise would be just the very... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 196 titles [PAR] created 06 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 257 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 04 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 50 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: Three Men in a Boat (TV Movie 1975) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Three London gentlemen take vacation rowing down the Thames, encountering various mishaps and misadventures along the way. [PAR] Director: Ken Annakin [PAR] Griff Rhys Jones , Rory McGrath and Dara O'Briain embark on a series of boat journeys. [PAR] Stars: Griff Rhys Jones, Rory McGrath, Dara O'Briain [PAR] Two ill-matched teenage girls form a punk band and soon have New York City by its ears. [PAR] Director: Allan Moyle [PAR] James Penfield has made a career out of journalism. Now bankrupt, he finds himself with a group of other writers in the middle of the dispute-ridden British homeland at the time of the Falklands War. [PAR] Director: Richard Eyre [PAR] A corrupt television preacher and his congregation are held hostage by a woman, her lover, and her two cousins in an attempt to avenge the theft of her inheritance. A quirky look at the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: David Beaird [PAR] A traveler by the name of Crossley forces himself upon a musician and his wife in a lonely part of Devon, and uses the aboriginal magic he has learned to displace his host. [PAR] Director: Jerzy Skolimowski [PAR] Napoleon and Love (TV Mini-Series 1974) [PAR] Biography | Drama | History [PAR] A dramatized account of Napoleon's love life and his many women; from first-love, marriage, and betrayal with Josephine, liaisons with actresses, his love for the beautiful patriotic Marie ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ian Holm, Billie Whitelaw, Peter Bowles [PAR] Sammy and Rosie are an unconventional middle-class London married couple. They live in the midst of inner-city chaos, surround themselves with intellectual street people, and sleep with ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Stephen Frears [PAR] Will Shakespeare (TV Mini-Series 1978) [PAR] Biography [PAR] Blue Money (TV Movie 1985) [PAR] Comedy | Crime [PAR] Larry dreams of becoming a star entertainer, but until then he drives"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Nineteenth ... Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Nineteenth Century [PAR] Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Nineteenth Century [PAR] A Concise History of the British Newspaper, century by century, complied by our experts. [PAR] The Cambrian Daily Leader 20 May 1861. British Library Newspaper Library. Copyright \u00a9 The British Library Board [PAR] 1801 - Sept 27 : Weekly Dispatch launched. Became Sunday Dispatch in 1928. Ceased publication in 1961. [PAR] 1802 - Jan 1 : Cobbett's Annual Register founded, later Cobbett's Weekly Political Register. Ceased publication in 1836. [PAR] 1803 : Globe launched. Merged with Pall Mall Gazette in 1921. [PAR] 1804 : Cambrian launched in Swansea. First newspaper published in Wales. [PAR] 1806 - Jan 10 : First use of illustration in the Times: Nelson's funeral. [PAR] 1808 - Jan 3 : Examiner launched. Editor Leigh Hunt imprisoned in 1813 for publishing criticism of the Prince Regent. Ceased publication in 1881. [PAR] 1808 : North Wales Gazette launched in Bangor. First newspaper published in North Wales. [PAR] 1810 : Carmarthen Journal launched. [PAR] 1814 - Jan 1 : Baptist Minister, Joseph Harrris launches Seren Gomer ['Star of Gomer'] in Swansea. First Welsh-language newspaper. [PAR] 1814 - Nov 24 : First issue of a newspaper - the Times - printed on a (Koenig) power press. [PAR] 1815 : Stamp Duty increased to 4d per sheet. [PAR] 1817 - Jan 25 : Scotsman launched. [PAR] 1821 - Feb 18 : New Observer launched. Became the Sunday Times on 20 October 1822. [PAR] 1821 - May 5 : Manchester Guardian founded by John Edward Taylor. [PAR] 1822 : Stamp Office agrees to pass copies of all newspapers to British Museum. [PAR] 1822 : Cardiff Weekly Reporter launched. [PAR] 1822 - March 3 : Bell's Life in London adds and Sporting Chronicle to its title. First newspaper to include sport as a major component. Merged with Sporting Life in 1886. [PAR] 1827 - May 21 : Standard launched, later Evening Standard. [PAR] 1828 - July 5 : Spectator founded. [PAR] 1832 : First recorded British newspaper cartoon, published in Bell's New Weekly Messenger. [PAR] 1837 : Northern Star, major Chartist newspaper, founded in Leeds by Feargus O'Connor. [PAR] 1841 - July 17 : Punch founded. Ceased publication in 1992; re-launched in 1996. [PAR] 1841 - Nov 12 : Jewish Chronicle founded. Oldest Jewish newspaper in the world. [PAR] 1842 - May 14 : Illustrated London News launched: first fully illustrated weekly. [PAR] 1842 - Nov 27 : Lloyd's Illustrated London Newspaper launched, later Lloyd's Weekly News. Became Sunday News in 1923; incorporated with Sunday Graphic in 1931. [PAR] 1843 : Yr Amserau ['The Times'] founded in Liverpool by John Jones and edited by William Rees. Published in the Isle of Man between July and September 1848. Merged with Baner Cymru ['Banner of Wales'] in 1859 under Thomas Gee to become Baner ac Amserau Cymru. [PAR] 1843 - Sept 2 : Economist founded, to campaign for free trade. [PAR] 1843 - Oct 1 : News of the World founded by John Browne Bell at 3d. Newsagents at first refused to handle it at such a low price. [PAR] 1844 - Aug 6 : First story based on telegraphed news printed in the Times: birth of Queen's son at Windsor. [PAR] 1846 : Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory founded, later Benn's Media Directory. [PAR] 1846 - Jan 21 : Daily News launched, edited by Charles Dickens. [PAR] 1848 : William Howard Russell joins staff of the Times. Shortly to become first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film History Milestones - 1964 - Filmsite.org Film History Milestones - 1964 [PAR] Event and Significance [PAR] 1964 [PAR] The first feature-length made-for-TV movie, an action film titled See How They Run (1964) and starring John Forsythe and Senta Berger, was broadcast on NBC-TV for its world premiere. It was the first broadcast of Project 120, an innovative deal between Universal and NBC. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] By 1964, especially with the rise of television, theater admission numbers had dropped dramatically to below 1 billion. The trend started to reverse itself with the arrival of blockbusters and multi-plexes, but Hollywood would never get back to its glory days in the 1940s and 1950s. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] Director/screenwriter Shirley Clarke's mainstream, fictional feature crime film The Cool World (1964), a cinema verite-style examination of the rise of the Black Power movement and street gangs among African-Americans in the inner-city, was the first commercial film venture to be shot on location in Harlem. The semi-documentary was also the first feature-length film credit produced by legendary documentary director Frederick Wiseman. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] Michelangelo Antonioni's and cinematographer Carlo DiPalma's visually-impressive French-Italian co-production Red Desert (1964, It.) (Il Deserto Rosso) made spectacular use of the recently-perfected telephoto lens, to create a shallow depth-of-field. It was also Antonioni's first film in color, used in extreme and expressive ways. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] Director Teinosuke Kinugasa's Japanese historical period drama Gate of Hell (1953/1954, Jp.) (aka Jigokumon), released during the wave of influential Japanese cinema in mid-century, was the first color film from Japan to be released outside of the country. It also won the Palme d'Or (Grand Prize) at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival, and the Best Costume Design (Color) Oscar. Its tale was about a brave 12th Century samurai named Moritoh Enda (Kazuo Hasegawa) who hopelessly longed for the beautiful but married Lady Kesa (Machiko Kyo). [PAR] 1964 [PAR] The mockumentary A Hard Day's Night (1964), the first Beatles film, premiered. The behind-the-scenes lives of the Fab Four were highlighted as Beatlemania erupted worldwide. The Beatles had made their first live TV appearance in the US on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" on February 9, 1964. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] Sony began marketing the first reel-to-reel (video tape recorder) VTR designed specifically for home use in 1964 -- however, widescale consumer use of video tape recorders didn't really take off until the mid-1970s. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] Director Stanley Kubrick's brilliant, satirical, provocative black comedy/fantasy regarding doomsday and Cold War politics was released, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964) . The landmark film - the first commercially-successful political satire about nuclear war, was a cynically-objective, Monty Python-esque, humorous, biting response to the apocalyptic fears of the 1950s. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] To obtain film rights to the intellectual property My Fair Lady (1964) , to be directed by George Cukor and starring Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison, Warners paid a record sum of $5.5 million in February 1962. (See Annie (1982) when the record was broken.) [PAR] 1964 [PAR] The Cockney flower vendor character, Eliza Doolittle, played by little-known Julie Andrews on the Broadway stage for My Fair Lady was replaced by well-known, non-singing 'Cinderella' actress Audrey Hepburn in the big-screen 1964 version. Ironically, Julie Andrews was awarded a Best Actress Academy Award (presented in 1965) for her role in Disney's competing film Mary Poppins (1964) as the title character British nanny, and Hepburn failed to receive a nomination for her part. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] Mary Poppins (1964) blended live-action and animation. It received 13 Academy Award nominations and won"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Royal House Of Windsor - British Monarchy Family History The Royal House Of Windsor - British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchy Family History [PAR] The Royal House Of Windsor [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Royal House of Windsor has been the ruling royal house of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for ninety six years, from 1917 until the present day, by way of four monarchs. The house officially stems from the Royal House of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, but this name was changed in 1917, by King George V, owing to the war history between Germany and Great Britain. The name Windsor was chosen after the royal family's oldest and favourite royal residence, Windsor Castle in Berkshire. [PAR] [PAR] GEORGE V [PAR] [PAR] King George V came to the throne upon the death of his father in 1910 and was crowned on the 22nd of June 1911 at Westminster Abbey. [PAR] George was born on the 3rd of June 1865 at Marlborough House in London. He was the second child and second son of King Edward VII and Queen Consort Alexander. [PAR] During his young adult life he was a naval officer, and as he was never born to be king, saw much active service.However, with the death of his elder brother Prince Albert from pneumonia in 1892, his naval career was halted as he became Prince of Wales and heir apparent to the throne of Great Britain. [PAR] George was crowned king at Westminster Abbey on the 22nd of June 1911 and is best remembered as the king whose reign oversaw the first World War and for changing the British Royal House name from the Royal House of Saxe Coburg - Gotha to the Royal House of Windsor. This was done because of widespread anti-German feelings due to the two country's war history. His twenty six year reign was fraught with problems for the country in the aftermath of the war years and also saw a rise in socialism, communism and fascism. [PAR] George V's reign also oversaw the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) which resulted in partition of Ireland, with the formation of the Irish Free State in December 1922 and the region of Northern Ireland unified with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. [PAR] During his later life he was dogged by ill health and suffered from a multitude of ailments including emphysema, bronchitis, pleurisy and pulmonary disease, probably brought on by his heavy smoking and stress due to the country's problems in the wake of the war. [PAR] George died at Sandringham House in Norfolk on the 20th of January 1936 and was interred at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on the 29th of January. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] MARY OF TECK [PAR] George married Mary of Teck on the 6th of July 1893 at the Chapel Royal at St James' Palace in London. [PAR] Mary was born at Kensington Palace on the 26th of May 1867 and was the daughter of Francis, Duke of Teck and Mary Adelaide of Cambridge. [PAR] [PAR] Mary had originally been engaged to George's elder brother Albert, but their engagement lasted only six weeks due to Albert's untimely death. [PAR] Mary is probably best remembered for her regal propriety, her wearing of many jewels on state occasions and, during and after the war years, of her staunch loyalty and support of her husband. [PAR] Known as May to her family and friends, because of her birth month, she was officially known as the Duchess of York and Cornwall during her early"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 8 | 1963: Train robbers make off with ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 8 | 1963: Train robbers make off with millions [PAR] 1963: Train robbers make off with millions [PAR] Thieves have ambushed the Glasgow to Euston mail train and stolen thousands of pounds. [PAR] Banks estimate they have lost over \u00a32m in used, untraceable banknotes in the biggest ever raid on a British train. [PAR] The Post Office train - known as the Up Special - had run every night, without interference, for 125 years until it was brought to a halt by a red light at 0315 GMT in Buckinghamshire. [PAR] This was obviously a brilliantly planned operation<br> [PAR] Det Supt Buckinghamshire CID<br> [PAR] Driver Jack Mills, 58, has been detained in hospital in Aylesbury with head injuries after being coshed by the raiders, who police believe were masked and armed with sticks and iron bars. [PAR] But most of the 75 mail sorters working on the train were unaware of the 20 minute incident as the thieves uncoupled the engine and front two carriages of the train and drove them up to Bridego Bridge a mile away. [PAR] There they broke into the second carriage - restraining the four postal workers inside - and loaded 120 mail and money bags into a lorry waiting on the road beneath. [PAR] Investigators - including Buckinghamshire Police, the British Transport Police and the Post Office - were on the scene, near Cheddington, in the early hours of the morning and found signals had been tampered with and telephone wires cut. [PAR] The Detective Superintendent of Buckinghamshire CID said: \"This was obviously a brilliantly planned operation.\" [PAR] Rewards totalling a record \u00a3260,000 have already been offered by insurers, banks and the Post Office for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the gang and return of the money. [PAR] The Postmaster-General Mr Bevins explained the robbery may have been an \"inside job\" and has called for a \"full and urgent\" inquiry into security on Royal Mail trains. [PAR] He was concerned the money on board had not been defaced, since much of it was en route to be destroyed. [PAR] Labour MP for Burnley Dan Jones proposed a bill to improve security on mail trains two years ago and in the House of Commons today expressed outrage that the matter had still not been addressed. [PAR] In Context [PAR] The total amount stolen was put at \u00a32.6m in a heist that became known as the Great Train Robbery. <br> [PAR] After a massive police operation the gang's abandoned hideout was found at Leatherslade Farm in Bedfordshire. <br> [PAR] Just over six months later 12 - of a gang of 15 - thieves were sentenced to jail-terms totalling more than 300 years. <br> [PAR] The robbery's mastermind, Bruce Reynolds, evaded capture until 1969, when he was given a 10 year sentence. <br> [PAR] In the meantime two of his accomplices - Charlie Wilson and Ronnie Biggs - escaped. <br> [PAR] Biggs only returned to the UK in 2001 for medical treatment and was imprisoned to serve the remainder of his 28 year sentence. He was released in August 2009 on compassionate grounds after suffering several strokes.<br> [PAR] Jack Mills never worked again and died in 1970. <br>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Live Aid concert - Jul 13, 1985 - HISTORY.com Live Aid concert - Jul 13, 1985 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Live Aid concert [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On July 13, 1985, at Wembley Stadium in London, Prince Charles and Princess Diana officially open Live Aid, a worldwide rock concert organized to raise money for the relief of famine-stricken Africans. Continued at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia and at other arenas around the world, the 16-hour \u201csuperconcert\u201d was globally linked by satellite to more than a billion viewers in 110 nations. In a triumph of technology and good will, the event raised more than $125 million in famine relief for Africa. [PAR] Live Aid was the brainchild of Bob Geldof, the singer of an Irish rock group called the Boomtown Rats. In 1984, Geldof traveled to Ethiopia after hearing news reports of a horrific famine that had killed hundreds of thousands of Ethiopians and threatened to kill millions more. After returning to London, he called Britain\u2019s and Ireland\u2019s top pop artists together to record a single to benefit Ethiopian famine relief. \u201cDo They Know It\u2019s Christmas?\u201d was written by Geldof and Ultravox singer Midge Ure and performed by \u201cBand Aid,\u201d an ensemble that featured Culture Club, Duran Duran, Phil Collins, U2, Wham!, and others. It was the best-selling single in Britain to that date and raised more than $10 million. [PAR] \u201cDo They Know It\u2019s Christmas?\u201d was also a No. 1 hit in the United States and inspired U.S. pop artists to come together and perform \u201cWe Are the World,\u201d a song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie. \u201cUSA for Africa,\u201d as the U.S. ensemble was known, featured Jackson, Ritchie, Geldof, Harry Belafonte, Bob Dylan, Cyndi Lauper, Paul Simon, Bruce Springsteen, Tina Turner, Stevie Wonder, and many others. The single went to the top of the charts and eventually raised $44 million. [PAR] With the crisis continuing in Ethiopia, and the neighboring Sudan also stricken with famine, Geldof proposed Live Aid, an ambitious global charity concert aimed at raising more funds and increasing awareness of the plight of many Africans. Organized in just 10 weeks, Live Aid was staged on Saturday, July 13, 1985. More than 75 acts performed, including Elton John, Madonna, Santana, Run DMC, Sade, Sting, Bryan Adams, the Beach Boys, Mick Jagger, David Bowie, Queen, Duran Duran, U2, the Who, Tom Petty, Neil Young, and Eric Clapton. The majority of these artists performed at either Wembley Stadium in London, where a crowd of 70,000 turned out, or at Philadelphia\u2019s JFK Stadium, where 100,000 watched. Thirteen satellites beamed a live television broadcast of the event to more than one billion viewers in 110 countries. More than 40 of these nations held telethons for African famine relief during the broadcast. [PAR] A memorable moment of the concert was Phil Collins\u2019 performance in Philadelphia after flying by Concorde from London, where he performed at Wembley earlier in the day. He later played drums in a reunion of the surviving members of Led Zeppelin. Beatle Paul McCartney and the Who\u2019s Pete Townsend held Bob Geldof aloft on their shoulders during the London finale, which featured a collective performance of \u201cDo They Know It\u2019s Christmas?\u201d Six hours later, the U.S. concert ended with \u201cWe Are the World.\u201d [PAR] Live Aid eventually raised $127 million in famine relief for African nations, and the publicity it generated encouraged Western nations to make available enough surplus grain to end the immediate hunger crisis in Africa. Geldof was later knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his efforts. [PAR] In early July 2005, Geldof staged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars 2012: Complete Winners List - Hollywood Reporter Oscars 2012: Complete Winners List | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] Oscars 2012: Complete Winners List [PAR] 5:30 PM PST 2/26/2012 by THR Staff [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] \"The Artist\" and \"Hugo\" topped the 84th annual Academy Awards with five wins apiece. [PAR] The 84th annual Academy Awards took place Sunday, Feb. 26 with Billy Crystal hosting for a ninth time. [PAR] Martin Scorsese's 3D film Hugo and silent movie The Artist topped the night with five wins apiece . The Artist took home several of the top awards, including best picture, director (Michel Hazanavicius) and actor (Jean Dujardin). The Iron Lady was the only other film to take home multiple awards with two honors, including Meryl Streep's third Oscar. [PAR] Other films represented with wins include The Descendants, The Help, A Separation, The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, Undefeated, Beginners, The Muppets, Midnight in Paris and the short films The Shore, Saving Face and The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore. [PAR] Below are the winners in the 24 motion picture categories: [PAR] Best Picture[DOC] [TLE] Oscar winners list 2012 | EW.com Oscars winners list: \u2018The Artist,\u2019 Jean Dujardin, and Meryl Streep take home top awards \u2013 EW.com [PAR] Email [PAR] Movies about movies were all the rage Sunday night at the 84th Academy Awards. The Artist, the French-made black-and-white homage to silent cinema, was the big winner with a total of five Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Directing (by Michel Hazanavicius). The film\u2019s charming star, Jean Dujardin, won Best Actor, while Meryl Streep accepted her first Oscar in 29 years \u2014 and her third overall \u2014 for playing former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady. [PAR] At the age of 82, Christopher Plummer became the oldest person to receive an acting Oscar by winning Best Supporting Actor for Beginners. And an emotional Octavia Spencer finished her dominant awards season by picking up the Best Supporting Actress trophy for The Help. [PAR] Tying The Artist with five Oscars was Martin Scorsese\u2019s Hugo, also a tribute to early cinema. The 3-D family film earned awards for its art direction, cinematography, sound mixing, sound editing, and visual effects. [PAR] Check out the complete list of winners below: [PAR] Best Picture [PAR] WINNER: The Artist \u2014 Thomas Langmann [PAR] The Descendants"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buzz Aldrin & Apollo 11 - Space.com Buzz Aldrin & Apollo 11 [PAR] Buzz Aldrin & Apollo 11 [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] June 23, 2012 12:51pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin poses for a snapshot while inside the Lunar Module in this July 1969 NASA image. Aldrin and astronaut Neil Armstrong were the first humans to land and walk on the moon on July 20, 1969. [PAR] Credit: NASA. [PAR] American astronaut Buzz Aldrin made history when he became the second man to walk on the moon in 1969, just after Neil Armstrong in the Apollo 11 mission (the feats came eight years after Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space ). While on a previous mission, Aldrin established a new record for extravehicular activity and helped pioneer underwater training to prepare astronauts for their visit to space. Here is a brief biography with some facts about this well-known astronaut. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] Born Jan. 20, 1930 in New Jersey as Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr., the astronaut received his nickname \u201cBuzz\u201d when his little sister pronounced the word brother as \"buzzer.\" The family shortened it to Buzz, which Aldrin took as his legal name in 1988. [PAR] Because Neil Armstrong was responsible for recording images on the moon, most of the Apollo 11 photos are of Buzz Aldrin, including this famous one which reflects the landing vehicle. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Aldrin's father was a Colonel in the Air Force, and his son followed his path, entering the Air Force after his graduation from West Point Military Academy in 1951. Buzz flew 66 combat missions in Korea, where he shot down two MiGs. He was decorated with the Distinguished Flying Cross for his service. [PAR] After the cease-fire between North and South Korea, Aldrin enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He earned his Ph.D. in aeronautics and astronautics in 1963, with a thesis focusing on rendezvousing piloted spacecraft. He then entered the space program. [PAR] Aldrin has been married three times and has three children. [PAR] Aldrin: Gemini and Apollo missions [PAR] After joining the space program in 1963, Aldrin relied on his doctoral studies to help him create docking and rendezvous techniques for space craft. He pioneered underwater training techniques, which simulated zero gravity situations and helped astronauts prepare to work in space. . [ Giant Leaps: Top Milestones of Human Spaceflight ] [PAR] On Nov. 11, 1966, the Gemini 12 mission launched Aldrin and command pilot James Lovell (of Apollo 13 fame) into a four day flight, with the primary objective of rendezvousing and docking with an Agena target vehicle, as well as evaluating extravehicular activity. Aldrin spent five and a half hours outside of the craft, establishing a new record for space walks. Fourteen scientific experiments were also performed, as well. Gemini 12 was the last of the Gemini missions, and was followed by the Apollo missions. [PAR] Aldrin served as lunar module pilot for the Apollo 11 mission to the moon , traveling with Commander Neil Armstrong and Command Module Pilot Michael Collins. The craft landed in the Sea of Tranquility . On July 21, 1969, after Armstrong had become the first man on the moon, Aldrin followed Armstrong down the ladder to become the second person to walk on the surface of the moon. As he gazed at the lunar landscape, Aldrin described it as, \"Beautiful, beautiful. Magnificent desolation.\" [PAR] Buzz Aldrin offers a parting salute after being eliminated from ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\" on Tuesday, April 6, 2010. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parakeet Habitat - Pets Parakeet Habitat - Pets [PAR] Pets [PAR] by Jasey Kelly [PAR] Mimicking their natural habitat will make your budgie extremely happy! [PAR] The common parakeet, or budgerigar, is a favorite birdie pet because of its compact size, color, inquisitiveness and all-around good attitude. These guys love being part of the family, especially when they're given the opportunity to do things they would in their native Australia. [PAR] Native Habitat [PAR] The colorful little budgies you talk to and play with every day are native to Australia, despite the fact they do so well in captivity. While they inhabit the entire Australian continent except for certain coastal areas in the far east and southwest corners, they favor the drier, hotter interior of the country. In the wild, flocks of budgies favor open areas such as grasslands, scrublands and open woodlands, but they'll always be close to a body of water. [PAR] Natural Behaviors [PAR] Wild budgerigar habitat is based largely on the availability of food and water. As ground-foragers, these little parrots thoroughly enjoy taking the seeds from grasses and crops, particularly tussock grasses and spinifex. In the wild, budgies don't need any other food source because these seeds are so energy-rich, with as many calories as animal tissue! This is why you might notice your pet parakeet spending time on the floor of their cage -- it's a natural feeding behavior. The need for water is large partly due to the fact that an adult budgie will drink approximately 5 1/2 percent of its body weight daily! Migrations to the north are often based on the need to find more water and an available food source. [PAR] Introductions into New Areas [PAR] Because of their exquisite ability to provide companionship to humans, budgies have been introduced as pets to New Zealand, Japan, Africa, Europe and the United States, among other places. Only one other area in the world has known feral populations of budgies, though: St. Petersburg, Florida. They've been recorded there since the 1940s, although their populations are slowly declining. [PAR] Captive Habitats [PAR] Setting up your budgie's cage to mimic his natural behavior is beneficial to your feathered friend! Just because the cage you see in a pet store says \"Perfect for Budgies\" or something similar doesn't mean it's truly ideal. These little birds love to both fly and climb, so height and length are equally important. In the wild they play on branches, tall grasses and similar items; mimic these with various textured perches, bird swings and toys they can interact with. Keep in mind -- the bigger the cage, the better.[DOC] [TLE] Budgerigars - Cage and Aviary Birds | Cage and Aviary Birds Budgerigars - Cage and Aviary Birds | Cage and Aviary Birds [PAR] The tough decision-makers [PAR] Created on Saturday, 22 September 2012 10:30 [PAR] How would you choose a winner from two equally matched top-quality exhibition birds? RAY STEELE explains why judging is not as easy as it looks and discusses the characteristics that make a good judge [PAR] WHAT does it take to make a good budgerigar judge? I have heard it said that no one can judge properly unless they have been successful at breeding winning budgerigars. While it is true that a successful breeder has an advantage, there is no guarantee that he or she will make a good judge. [PAR] Other important qualities are required. For instance, do they have a good eye for a bird \u2013 and can they make decisions? I have known a most successful exhibitor go to pieces when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name of a baby cow? | Reference.com What is the name of a baby cow? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the name of a baby cow? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A baby cow is called a calf. Adult male cows are called bulls. Adult female cows are called heifers until they give birth; after they have given birth, they are called cows. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Both male and female cows are born with horns. Calves are usually 75 to 95 pounds at birth. They are weaned from their mother when they are between 7 and 9 months old, when they weigh between 400 and 600 pounds. [PAR] Cows are herd animals that were domesticated by humans as far back as 5,000 years ago. The first cow in the United States was brought to Jamestown, VA in 1611. As of June 2014, over 70 breeds of cattle can be found in the U.S."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many legs do crayfish have? | Reference.com How many legs do crayfish have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many legs do crayfish have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Crayfish have five pairs of legs, for a total of 10. Four of these pairs are considered \"walking legs,\" while the fifth pair are the \"chelipeds\" or pinchers. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Crayfish are members of the Arthropoda phylum, which means they have jointed legs, exoskeletons and segmented bodies. Except for the pinchers, which are larger, their legs are long and slender with multiple sections. The exterior skeleton is made from calcium-rich chitin, which is a substance similar to human fingernails. The body has two major parts. The cephalothorax, in the front, is followed by the abdomen. The first part is divided into the head and thorax regions. The abdomen, often referred to as the tail, has seven separate sections."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From What Animal Do We Get Cashmere? @ Super Beefy From What Animal Do We Get Cashmere? [PAR] From What Animal Do We Get Cashmere? [PAR] 2007.09.30 [PAR] | Filed Under: Animals Leave a Comment [PAR] The goat may be the most laughed-at animal, but people do not laugh at the cashmere goat, for it gives us the softest, most expensive wool in the world! [PAR] The cashmere goat, named for Kashmir, a region of India, lives in the Himalaya Mountains of Tibet, India, and China. People have tried to bring it to this country, but it has never done well here. [PAR] The cashmere goat is medium-sized, with twisted horns and a long silky coat that is either white, tan, or yellow. Since its wool is very sensitive to chemicals that are used in bleaching, the white wool is the most desired. The cashmere goat actually has two coats, the coarser outer coat, which isn\u2019t worth much, and an under, or down, coat, called pashm. It is the pashm which is used to make pure cashmere. [PAR] Each goat produces only about three ounces of fleece. Cashmere goats are not sheared, like other goats and sheep. Instead, they are combed. In that way the under coat is separated from the outer coat. [PAR] It takes the fleece of 10 cashmere goats to make a shawl a yard and a half square. This shawl can be sold for as much as $2,000! [PAR] Read More[DOC] [TLE] Where Does Cashmere Come From - Want to Know it Where Does Cashmere Come From [PAR] Where Does Cashmere Come From [PAR] 01 Nov, 2010 where does [PAR] 2 [PAR] What Is Cashmere? [PAR] Cashmere is the name given to a soft woolen fabric made from the wool of the Kashmir goat. It has a smooth, soft texture and is lightweight and warm. Cashmere fiber is strong and is easy to spin into both light weight and thick yarn for making clothing. In its original state, cashmere wool comes in various shades of gray, brown and white. Dying the wool to get different colors affects the weight and quality of the piece of clothing. [PAR] Where Does Cashmere Come From? [PAR] Cashmere wool comes from a specific species of goat called Kashmir goats (Capra Hircus). These goats have a double fleece, one of which is a soft, fine undercoat. This is the wool that is used to make cashmere garments. These goats are found in the Gobi desert which stretches from North China into Mongolia. The Kashmir goat is also bred in Iran, Tibet and India. More recently people in the United States have begun breeding them. China is the world\u2019s largest producer of raw cashmere with an estimated 10,000 metric tons collected per year. [PAR] How Is Cashmere Collected? [PAR] To collect the soft, fine fibers that make cashmere, the wool is harvested when the goats begin to shed their winter coats. This occurs from March to May every year. At this time the wool or fleece of the goat is collected and de-haired to separate the course outer coat fleece (guard coat) from the softer cashmere fibers (under coat). This is done by combing the fleece of the goat to separate the fibers. This process can take up to two weeks to complete. Due to the labor intensive processes of collecting pure cashmere, cashmere garments are quite expensive. The best quality cashmere comes from the underbelly and throat of the goat, but the wool collected from the back and legs is also used to make cashmere garments. Generally these are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phosphorus\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Phosphorus\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] Element News [PAR] Phosphorus: the essentials [PAR] Phosphorus is commonly misspelled \"phosphorous\". It is an essential component of living systems and is found in nervous tissue, bones and cell protoplasm. Phosphorus exists in several allotropic forms including white (or yellow), red, and black (or violet). White phosphorus has two modifications. Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid. When pure, it is colourless and transparent. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulphide. It catches fire spontaneously in air, burning to P4O10, often misnamed as phosphorus pentoxide. When exposed to sunlight, or when heated in its own vapour to 250\u00b0C, it is converted to the red variety. This form does not ignite spontaneously and it is a little less dangerous than white phosphorus. The red modification is fairly stable and sublimes with a vapour pressure of 1 atmosphere at 417\u00b0C. [PAR] This sample is from The Elements Collection , an attractive and safely packaged collection of the 92 naturally occurring elements that is available for sale. [PAR] Phosphorus: historical information [PAR] Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brand in 1669 at Germany. Origin of name : from the Greek word \"phosphoros\" meaning \"bringer of light\" (an ancient name for the planet Venus?). [PAR] Phosphorus was discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand, who prepared it from urine. Not less than 50-60 buckets per experiment in fact, each of which required more than a fortnight to complete. [PAR] Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for phosphorus is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] [PAR] Phosphorus around us [PAR] Read more \u00bb [PAR] Phosphorus is a key component of biological molecules such as DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is a component of bones, and teeth, and many other compounds required for life. Chronic poisoning of people working unprotected with white phosphorus leads to necrosis of the jaw (\"phossy-jaw\"). [PAR] Phosphorus is never found as the free element but is widely distributed in many minerals. Phosphate rock, (apatite, impure calcium phosphate), is an important source of the element. Large deposits are found in Morocco, in Russia, and in the USA. [PAR] Abundances for phosphorus in a number of different environments. More abundance data \u00bb [PAR] Location"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kerry Blue Terriers: What's Good About 'Em? What's Bad ... Kerry Blue Terriers: What's Good About 'Em? What's Bad About 'Em? [PAR] More traits and characteristics of the Kerry Blue Terrier [PAR] If I was considering a Kerry Blue Terrier, I would be most concerned about... [PAR] The dynamic terrier temperament. Most terrier breeds are remarkably similar. The same words are used over and over -- quick to bark, quick to chase, lively, bossy, feisty, scrappy, clever, independent, stubborn, persistent, impulsive, intense. [PAR] Providing enough exercise and mental stimulation. Kerry Blue Terriers are active go-getters. They MUST have regular opportunities to vent their energy and to use their busy minds to do interesting things. [PAR] Animal aggression. Most Kerry Blue Terriers are dominant or aggressive toward other dogs. Most terriers have strong instincts to chase and seize small fleeing creatures. This can make for conflict if you own a cat. It may be much worse than that if you own a pet rabbit or hamster! [PAR] Terriers cannot be trusted off-leash. They will take off -- oblivious to your frantic shouts -- after anything that runs. [PAR] Fence security. Many terriers are clever escape artists who will go over or under fences in search of adventure. You may need higher fences than you might imagine for their small size. You may also need to sink wire into the ground along the fence line to thwart digging. Gates should have the highest quality locks. [PAR] Barking. Terriers are often too quick to sound the alarm at every new sight and sound. You have to be equally quick to stop them. If you work all day and have close neighbors, terriers are not the best choice for you. For the same reason, terriers should NEVER be left outside in your yard, unsupervised. [PAR] The strong temperament. Kerry Blue Terriers are versatile working dogs, capable of learning a great deal, but they have an independent mind of their own and are not pushovers to raise and train. Many Kerry Blue Terriers are extremely stubborn and manipulative. Some are willful, obstinate, and dominant (they want to be the boss) and will make you prove that you can make them do things. You must show them, through absolute consistency, that you mean what you say. [PAR] To teach your Kerry to listen to you, \"Respect Training\" is mandatory. My Kerry Blue Terrier Training Page discusses the program you need. [PAR] Defensive reactions. If you need to physically chastise a terrier, and you go beyond what THEY believe is a fair correction, terriers (as a group) are more likely than other breeds to growl or snap. As an obedience instructor, I'm always extra careful when putting my hands on any terrier for a correction. [PAR] I do NOT recommend terriers for small children. Many terriers will not tolerate any nonsense from little life forms whom they consider to be below themselves in importance. Many terriers are quick to react to teasing, and even to the normal clumsiness that comes with small children (accidental squeezing of their ears or pulling of whiskers or stepping on their paw). Many terriers are possessive of their food and toys and will defend these from all comers, including children. [PAR] Grooming. To keep their silky coat free of mats, Kerry Blue Terriers require regular brushing, and also clipping and trimming every few months. But don't expect your pet Kerry Blue Terrier to look like the show dogs you've seen in books or on TV. That particular look takes hours of work by experienced show groomers. [PAR] Finding one and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belladonna - Herbs To Herbs Belladonna [PAR] Belladonna [PAR] Great Morel [PAR] Naughty Man's Cherries [PAR] The plant commonly known as the belladonna is a medium sized perennial shrub. It can grow from two to six feet in height; it normally bears two or three branches and has a distinct purplish colored stem. The belladonna bears dark green leaves and each individual leaf is about three to ten inches in length from base to tip. The belladonna also gives off distinct bell shaped flowers which are dark purple in color. The belladonna gives out a strong odor when it is crushed or bruised. The belladonna is an extremely poisonous plant and all parts of the plant contain this poison. [PAR] This herb is also known by the popular name of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddeadly nightshade.\" Since the plant is poisonous, using it as a home remedy would be bad judgment indeed. However, despite the very grim reputation that is associated with this herb, the Italians have named the plant belladonna or the \"fair lady\" in Italian - a name by which it is also known universally. This Italian name of the plant came about according to one story, as Italian women in the past used to drop the juice on their eyes so as to enlarge the pupils, thus it was used to enhance the appearance of the eyes - a cosmetic effect that beautified the appearance of the face. [PAR] Belladonna contains the chemical substance atropine which indeed affects the pupils in the manner described. Even to this day, atropine is used by eye doctors to dilate the pupils during an examination of a patient's retina. Two other valuable substances are found in the belladonna - these are the chemicals scopolamine and hyoscyamine, these, similar to the compound atropine have a sedative action and bring about relaxation in the smooth muscles of the body. Compounds isolated from the belladonna find a wide range of applications individually or in combination to this day, the chemical constituents obtained from the leaves and root form the basic ingredients used in a variety of antispasmodics are very commonly prescribed to treat intestinal diseases i.e. peptic ulcers , persistent diarrhea and an irritable colon among other disorders. [PAR] Belladonna was recognized as a very poisonous plant even by early Greeks such as Theophrastus, way back in the third century B.C. The term \"the Mandragora of Theophrastus\" was often used to describe the plant. The plant's English name, Dwaule, was a derivative of the Dutch word dwaal, which means \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdto wander or to be delirious\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. The belladonna is a perennial herb, it may be considered to be one of the more important species in the nightshade family of plants. The ancient Greeks gave it the name Atropos, as it was so poisonous, this is the Greek word for inflexible or rigid. The word \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdatropos\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd can also be a reference to \"one of three Fates who cut the thread of life\" in Greek mythology. [PAR] The plant species Atropa belladonna is taxonomically classified in the plant family Solanaceae; this plant family also includes common commercial plants such as the potato , the tobacco and the chili pepper among others. The origin of this species is probably southern Europe and continental Asia, however, the plant is naturalized in many other parts of the world including the new world. The belladonna produces green berries that change to a shiny purplish black color as they ripen. The berries are about the size of the common cherry , however, all are not agreed on the taste of the berries - some"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aurora Borealis, Alaska Kids' Corner, State of Alaska Aurora Borealis, Alaska Kids' Corner, State of Alaska [PAR] From \"The Ballad of the Northern Lights\" by Robert Service [PAR] by Dr. Neil Davis (reprint) [PAR] The Aurora, also known as the Northern Lights, has mystified people down through the ages, scientists, poets, and lay persons alike. Written records of so-called \"great auroral displays\" date back more than two thousand years. [PAR] Sometimes the Aurora over Alaska and other auroral zones is barely visible or appears colorless and unmoving. But at other times the auroras can be incredibly bright, multihued and fast moving. Tall green curtains of lights, red tipped at their bottoms, stretch from horizon to horizon. They ripple and sway, fold and unfold, then suddenly disappear, only to reform in a new shape minutes later. [PAR] For those who live in Alaska, the Aurora is a part of northern life. Fall, winter and spring is the special season for viewing the great lights for residents and off-season visitors. Some Alaskans have \"Aurora Alerts;\" when a display begins, the first person to spot them begins a phone tree to get the word out. [PAR] [PAR] The \"pulsating Aurora\" is one form of Northern Light common during the post-midnight hours. It blinks on and off every few seconds as though controlled by some mysterious unseen hand in the sky flicking a switch. [PAR] The great auroral displays are spectacular global events during which the Aurora spreads down from the polar regions to cover as much as two thirds of the earth's skies with bright, fast-moving masses of light, often deep red in color. [PAR] The rare \"great auroral displays\" follow one or two days of violent solar flares in the vicinity of major sunspots. These solar flares cast out vast streams of electrically charged particles which stream down into the earth's atmosphere. These particles, mostly electrons and protons, are steered away from the tropical regions by the earth's magnetic field. [PAR] Striking the gases of the earth's high atmosphere, the charged particles glow. [PAR] It is exactly the same thing that happens in a television tube: complex streams of electrons within the TV strike the phosphor coated face of the tube, and cause it to glow, creating the colored moving patterns we see from our living room couches. Outside, at night, we can look up at that great star-studded television tube in the sky; if the Aurora is out and no clouds are about, the colored patterns will be there too. [PAR] Even though \"great auroral displays\" appear infrequently, spectacular displays of Aurora are common in Alaska and other auroral zone locations. This is because the sun is always sending out a stream of electrons and protons. They make up the solar wind which blows constantly toward the earth and other planets. [PAR] Enough of the solar wind particles come into the earth's high atmosphere at the auroral zone to create continuous Aurora, summer, winter, fall and spring. [PAR] [PAR] Although much is known about the Aurora, this fascinating phenomenon still withholds some of its mysteries. For example, scientists do not yet understand why the Aurora is so highly structured. For the University of Alaska Fairbanks, this continues to be an important area of study. The most beautiful Aurora is composed of thin sheets that stretch upward a hundred miles or more and extend across the sky from horizon to horizon, like gigantic ribbons set on edge high above and parallel to the earth's surface. These arcs and bands whip and weave across the sky, and bright rays ripple along"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Central Perk - Friends Central - Wikia Central Perk | Friends Central | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Central Perk is a coffee house in New York on NBC sitcom Friends . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] About [PAR] The six main protagonists frequently visited Central Perk throughout the series. It is situated in New York City's Greenwich Village, near Monica's apartment . It was where they spent much of their free time conversing. [PAR] Staff [PAR] Rachel Green [PAR] Rachel works as a waitress at Central Perk from autumn 1994 till winter 1996/1997 . Being pretty much a spoiled, self-centered individual throughout this period of her life, Rachel clearly shows ineptitude at work, mixing up orders, neglecting her waitressing duties, and showing little care about where everything goes and how it should be done. Ironically, in The One With The Flashback , it is revealed that prior to getting this job, while out with her friends one night, she had responded to a waiter getting their drinks mixed up by remarking: \"how hard is it to get a couple of drinks?\". When Joey starts working at Central Perk, Rachel mentions that she would sneeze on the food of any customers who were rude to her. [PAR] It quickly becomes clear that Rachel does not care for her job at Central Perk, only for her financial income. However, she does try for other job opportunities in fashion (mostly during Season 1 ), with little success. In Season 3 , she decides to pursue the fashion business again after Gunther assigns her to re-training, quitting her waitressing job to work with Fortunata Fashions, then moving on to Bloomingdale's. [PAR] Joey Tribbiani Jr. [PAR] Joey becomes a waiter at the coffee shop half-way through Season 6 . His acting career being at a standstill, Joey is tight on money, so much that he can't afford paying for coffee. Gunther decides to let him work there. Like Rachel, Joey shows ineptitude at the job. Unlike Rachel, however, this is mostly due to his immaturity coinciding with the house's policies. However, later in the season, Joey's acting career takes a step forward when he gets the lead role in Mac & C.H.E.E.S.E. . This makes him quit his waitering job, which he does without mentioning anything to Gunther. Gunther, however, points this out to him in The One With The Ring , and that he was going to fire Joey anyway. [PAR] Entertainment [PAR] Phoebe Buffay was also a regular fixture in Central Perk, and played songs such as Smelly Cat to often bemused audiences. Phoebe was, at one point, replaced by Stephanie Schiffer , a professional who was hired by Terry. [PAR] Layout [PAR] The interior of the famous Central Perk [PAR] Throughout the coffee shop are small tables with chairs that extras on the show usually occupy. These, from the main camera angle, are behind the large orange sofa in the middle of the shop. The green chair on the right, the coffee table and the table and chair on the left are nearly always used as the main setting for any scenes in Central Perk. In the earlier episodes, irrespective of how busy the coffee shop became, those seats were always available. The writers turned this into a joke and, in the first episode of season three , the six main characters arrive in the shop to find their seats taken, apparently by Kevin Bright, Marta Kauffman and David Crane, the show's creators. They then look at each other, dejected, and walk out. The artwork in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Museums and Galleries - London for Free Museums and Galleries - London for Free [PAR] London for Free [PAR] You are here: Home / Places to Visit / Museums and Galleries [PAR] Museums and Galleries [PAR] London has some of the best museums and galleries in the world. [PAR] From the famous British Museum to the fairly recent Tate Modern art gallery, there is something of interest to everyone. [PAR] And the great news is that most of the museums and galleries are free to visit, unless you wish to see a special exhibition. [PAR] London\u2019s museums are located on both sides of the river Thames, and from the East End to West London. There are quite a few grouped near each other in Kensington, including the Science Museum, the Museum of Natural History (used as a backdrop in many films) and the Victoria and Albert museum. [PAR] The British Museum [PAR] The British Museum was founded in 1753 and began with three privately-owned public collections.Over the next fifty years, Egyptian antiquities and the Elgin marbles from the Parthenon in Athens were added. [PAR] The museum now holds around 13 million items of historical interest.It is also an impressive building, particularly since the transformation of the Round Reading Room following the opening of the new British Library in 1997. [PAR] Nearest underground stations: Tottenham Court Road, Goodge Street [PAR] [PAR] The Tate Modern [PAR] Part of the group of galleries known as Tate, this gallery was opened in 2000 in the old Bankside power station on the south bank. [PAR] It houses modern artwork including abstraction, expressionism, minimalism, cubism and pop art. [PAR] Nearest underground station: London Bridge [PAR] [PAR] The Museum of London [PAR] Step inside Museum of London for an unforgettable journey through the capital\u2019s turbulent past. [PAR] The Museum is currently undergoing a major redevelopment, transforming the way it tells London\u2019s story from 1666 to the present day. [PAR] The new modern London galleries will open in early 2010 but until then visitors can still enjoy our prehistoric, Roman and medieval London galleries, as well as events and exhibitions for all ages including London\u2019s Burning, a special exhibition which explores the Great Fire of London. [PAR] Nearest underground stations: Barbican, St Pauls [PAR] [PAR] Tate Britain [PAR] The first of the Tate galleries, Tate Britain was opened in 1897 on its current site, on the site of Millbank Prison. [PAR] It displays historic and contemporary British art from 1500 to the present day, including art by David Hockney and Tracey Emin. [PAR] Nearest underground station: Pimlico [PAR] [PAR] The Victoria and Albert Museum [PAR] The Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) is the world\u2019s largest museum of decorative arts and design. [PAR] Its permanent collection of over 4 million items spans 5000 years and every continent. [PAR] It holds items such as costumes, ceramics, prints, photographs and drawings and houses the world\u2019s largest collection of post classical sculpture. [PAR] Nearest underground station: South Kensington [PAR] [PAR] National Gallery [PAR] Established in 1824, Britain\u2019s National Gallery contains over 2,000 paintings, from the Early Renaissance to the Post-Impression periods. [PAR] Though the collection is small by comparison with galleries such as the Louvre in Paris, it includes pieces by a number of famous artists such as Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Monet, Cezanne, van Gogh and Britain\u2019s John Constable. [PAR] Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross, Embankment, Leicester Square [PAR] [PAR] Science Museum [PAR] Founded in 1857, the museum holds over 300,000 items including Stephenson\u2019s Rocket, Puffing Billy and a working version of Charles Babbage\u2019s Difference Engine (considered by many"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The United States Attorney's Office | USAO-EDPA ... The United States Attorney's Office | USAO-EDPA | Department of Justice [PAR] The United States Attorney's Office [PAR] Eastern District of Pennsylvania [PAR] About The Office [PAR] The United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania is one of the largest in the country with 134 Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSAs) currently on staff. There are 121 non-attorney positions in the office. The USAO is located at 615 Chestnut Street in downtown Philadelphia. The office is divided into three divisions: Criminal, Civil and Organized Crime Strike Force. [PAR] Computer Crimes [PAR] Criminal Division [PAR] The Criminal division is the largest group of attorneys in the office. The division consists of 93 Assistant United States Attorneys. For management purposes, the Criminal Division is divided into eight teams. Each team has a team leader who also serves as the chief of cases in a particular subject. Attorneys in the Criminal Division are assigned to teams and the team leader serves as an administrative head of the team. Our criminal assistants are generalists within all areas of criminal law. [PAR] The team leaders also serve as subject matter chiefs. They maintain expertise in these areas and maintain relationships with the investigative agencies in their subject matter. The sections are: [PAR] Narcotics [PAR] Financial Institution Fraud and Identity Theft [PAR] Government Fraud, Health Care Fraud, and Environmental Crimes [PAR] Official Corruption, Tax Fraud and Civil Rights [PAR] Firearms [PAR] Violent Crime, Terrorism and Immigration Fraud [PAR] Fraud [PAR] Computer Crimes [PAR] The Criminal Division also includes approximately 51 Special Assistant U.S. Attorneys assigned from other federal agencies and local prosecutor's offices to handle firearms offenses and other rmatters. [PAR] Civil Division [PAR] The Civil Division consists of 25 attorneys. They represent the United States in civil actions, both defensive and affirmative. The affirmative litigation work includes fraud on the government, such as health care fraud, and environmental enforcement. Because the Eastern District has a large number of federal facilities, the office has a defense practice that includes all varieties of personal injury, including medical malpractice, Title VII litigation and defense of government agency action. Attorneys in the Civil Division do both affirmative and defensive litigation. [PAR] Please go to the following links to learn more about our Civil Division: Affirmative Civil Enforcement , Predatory Lending , Whistleblower suits , Elder Abuse . [PAR] The Organized Crime Division [PAR] The responsibility in the U.S. Attorney's Office for dealing with both traditional and certain non-traditional organized criminal groups is assigned to the Organized Crime Strike Force Division (\"Strike Force\"). Consistent with the Department of Justice's National policy on organized crime, the Strike Force has the responsibility in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania for coordinating federal invetigations and prosecutions in cases related to, and involving, the following criminal organizations: 1) La Cosa Nostra; 2) Eastern European/Russian organized crime groups; 3) Asian organized crime groups; and 4) criminal organizations orginating in Italy, including the Sicilian Mafia, the Camorra, and the N'drangheta. The Strike Force also handles \"special circumstance\" investigations that are assigned to it by the U.S. Attorney with the concurrence of the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice. Included within the Strike Force's assignment are the coordination and development of cases involving human trafficking (the human trafficking assignment potentially cuts across both Asian and Eurasian organized crime) and investigations of outlaw motorcycle gangs. [PAR] The Strike Force consists of 12 attorneys headed by a Chief and Assistant Chief. The staffing is augmented occasionally by Special Assistant U.S. Attorneys from local, state and federal agencies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 great British sci-fi films | BFI 10 great British sci-fi films | BFI [PAR] Home / Explore film & TV / Latest from the BFI / BFI news, features and opinion / Lists [PAR] 10 great British sci-fi films [PAR] As Stanley Kubrick\u2019s spectacular epic 2001: A Space Odyssey returns to cinemas nationwide, we fly the flag for homegrown science fiction with a list of 10 of the best British sci-fi movies. [PAR] 10 great films about computers [PAR] With his growing interest in the possibility of extraterrestrial life, Stanley Kubrick became determined to make the ultimate science fiction film, both in credibility of concept and scientific technical accuracy, and had first met with esteemed author Arthur C. Clarke to discuss possibilities over storylines in 1964. The end result would be one of the greatest and most influential science fiction films ever made, 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). [PAR] Possibly the most controversial aspect of the film was Kubrick\u2019s decision to eschew conventional narrative technique and instead approach the story primarily visually while leaving dialogue to a minimum. The enigmatic end result, while leaving some bewildered and alienated, was to captivate (while still bewildering) many more. The intelligent approach to the genre and the groundbreaking special effects (for which Kubrick was to win his only Oscar) instilled in audiences a sense of wonder and awe, especially when seen in its original 70mm Cinerama presentations. [PAR] In a four-part structure \u2013 which, considering the film\u2019s dependence on various pieces of existing orchestral works to evoke moods and generate emotional reactions, may be considered as being more like movements \u2013 the film considers how extraterrestrials have influenced and monitored the evolution of human life, from the dawn of man through to his first steps in the exploration of outer space. [PAR] 10 to try [PAR] Each of the recommendations included here is available to view in the UK. [PAR] Often ranked as one of the top 10 films of all time, 2001: A Space Odyssey (US-financed but British made and registered as such with the Board of Trade) is certainly among the very best British science fiction films. Here, for your consideration, are 10 other contenders to highlight the best that this country has offered in the genre. [PAR] The Man Who Changed His Mind (1936) [PAR] Director Robert Stevenson [PAR] The Man Who Changed his Mind (1936) [PAR] If you were going to emulate the horror/science fiction films that Hollywood\u2019s Universal Studios had been having such a success with in this period, you couldn\u2019t go far wrong by using one of that cycle\u2019s main stars, Boris Karloff , to headline your production. And Karloff is seen here at his crazed, ghoulish best. [PAR] After being publicly mocked by his peers over his theories on transferring minds between bodies, Dr Laurience (Karloff) becomes even more deranged than he was to start out with as he intensifies his experiments, progressing from chimpanzees to humans in his mad quest to perfect his mind transfer apparatus. The influence of the Universal films (other than the use of Karloff himself of course) is unmistakable: from the unhinged doctor\u2019s sparkling and flashing laboratory equipment to the \u2018tampering with nature\u2019 plot. Yet the assured direction from Robert Stevenson , imaginative script, and the wonderful low-key cinematography of Jack Cox , ensure that this British entry is a stylish, intelligent and witty film in its own right. [PAR] Director William Cameron Menzies [PAR] Things to Come (1936) [PAR] A history of the world through to the early 22nd century, outlining its development into a global socialist"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ridley Scott - IMDb Ridley Scott - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Producer | Director | Production Designer [PAR] Ridley Scott was born in South Shields, Tyne and Wear (then County Durham) on 30 November 1937. His father was an officer in the Royal Engineers and the family followed him as his career posted him throughout the UK and Europe before they eventually returned to Teesside. Scott wanted to join Army (his elder brother Frank had already joined the ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 26 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 13 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 27 people [PAR] created 08 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 06 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Ridley Scott's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 4 Oscars. Another 37 wins & 85 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] | Edit [PAR] Filmography [PAR] 2015-2016 The Man in the High Castle (TV Series) (executive producer - 20 episodes) [PAR] - Detonation (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Loose Lips (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Fallout (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Land O' Smiles (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Kintsugi (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 2016 Killing Reagan (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2016 Mindhorn (executive producer) [PAR] 2016 BrainDead (TV Series) (executive producer - 13 episodes) [PAR] 2016 Jean-Claude Van Johnson (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2009-2016 The Good Wife (TV Series) (executive producer - 156 episodes) [PAR] - End (2016) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 2014 Italy in a Day (Documentary) (executive producer) [PAR] 2014 1.24.14 (Short) (producer) [PAR] - Episode #1.1 (2014) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 2013 Killing Kennedy (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2013 Killing Kennedy (Documentary) (producer) [PAR] 2013 The Vatican (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2012 The Polar Bears (Short) (producer) [PAR] 2012 Labyrinth (TV Mini-Series) (producer - 2 episodes) [PAR] 2011 Life in a Day (Documentary) (executive producer) [PAR] 2010 Nomads (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2010 The Pillars of the Earth (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 9 episodes) [PAR] - Illumination (2010) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - New Beginnings (2010) ... (executive producer) [PAR] - Witchcraft (2010) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 2010 The Real Robin Hood (TV Movie documentary) (producer) [PAR] 2005-2010 Numb3rs (TV Series) (executive producer - 119 episodes) [PAR] - Episode #1.1 (2008) ... (executive producer) [PAR] 2007 Law Dogs (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2006 Tristan + Isolde (executive producer) [PAR] 2006 Orpheus (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2002 Beat the Devil (Short) (executive producer) [PAR] 2002 Hostage (Short) (executive producer) [PAR] 2000 The Last Debate (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 2000 Gladiator (executive producer - uncredited) [PAR] 1999 RKO 281 (TV Movie) (executive producer) [PAR] 1997-1999 The Hunger (TV Series) (executive producer - 4 episodes) [PAR] 1994 Monkey Trouble (executive producer) [PAR] 1993 Elephant (TV Short) (associate producer) [PAR] 1965 Boy and Bicycle (Short) (producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1965 Reluctant Bandit (TV Movie) [PAR] 1964 Singalong Saturday (TV Series) (3 episodes) [PAR] 1965 Boy and Bicycle (Short) (written by) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2001 Hannibal (executive music producer - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1999 The Alien Legacy (Video documentary) (archival material) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2010 London Boulevard (special thanks) [PAR] 2008 The Rhapsody (Short) (very special thanks) [PAR] 2007 99 francs (special thanks) [PAR] 2007 Boot Polish (Short) (very special"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of The Worlds Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of The Worlds [PAR] Jeff Wayne [PAR] Composer / Arranger / Conductor / Producer [PAR] Born in Forest Hills, New York, Jeff Wayne is an award winning composer, arranger, conductor and producer including for stage, film, TV and radio, records, advertising and interactive projects. [PAR] WRITING AND PRODUCTION CREDITS INLCUDE: [PAR] The Who, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Catherine Zeta Jones, Richard Burton, Anthony Hopkins, Russell Watson, Rhydian, Jason Donovan, The London Symphony Orchestra and Choir, Justin Hayward (The Moody Blues), David Essex, Phil Lynott (Thin Lizzy), Human League, Orbital, Todd Terry, N-Trance, Dario G, Hybrid, Pendulum, Croatian piano virtuoso Maksim, Kerry Ellis, Ricky Wilson (Kaiser Chiefs), Marti Pellow (Wet Wet Wet), Joss Stone, Maverick Sabre, Alex Clare, Gary Barlow and Liam Neeson. [PAR] TV and FILM MUSIC INCLUDES: [PAR] ITVs 'The Big Match', 'The World of Sport' and 'The World Cup, BBC TV's 60 Minutes, TV-am/Good Morning Britain (the UK's first breakfast TV station for its 12-year run) and LBC, the UK's first 24-hour radio news station, Jeff composing all its music for 24 years until the station was sold on. [PAR] Most recently the TV series Video Surf (Sky Pick) commissioned Jeff for its original music. [PAR] Films include McVicar, Stardust, That'll Be The Day and Golden Rendezvous. [PAR] Jeff's music has also been performed to by gymnasts (2012 London Olympic Games), jugglers, dancers, ice skaters, magicians, fire-eaters, animals and 'Ali G' on the 2005 MTV Awards! [PAR] His musical interpretation of HG Wells's 'The War of The Worlds' has achieved international acclaim (see awards below), with over 15 million sales to date and is among the longest running albums in UK chart history, currently over 330 weeks. [PAR] Its main theme, 'The Eve of The War', has been used by the BBC for the Davis Cup, US TV (NBC) for the US Open, Sky TV for its Science Fiction Month and countless other programs around the world over the years. It has also enjoyed club hit status in many forms from disco to the most cutting edge styles of today including Pendulum's performance on The Pyramid stage at Glastonbury-2012 sharing top-of-the-bill status with Beyonce. [PAR] In 2004, Jeff created The Book of Tennis (endorsed by the ITF) and television series - The Book of Tennis Chronicles \u2013 8 half-hour episodes distributed world-wide by Fox Sports and debuting in the US on The Tennis Channel running for 3 years. Series 2 is currently being planned. [PAR] In 2006, the arena tour - The War of The Worlds \u2013 Alive on Stage! was launched, with Jeff conducting a renowned cast with audiences and critics hailing it as one of the most innovative marriages of music, technology and live performance. [PAR] Alive! returned in 2007, 2009 and 2010 across the UK, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. The 2012-2013 'New Generation' tour was performed in the UK and parts of Europe and will be returning late 2014, including its debut in the US. [PAR] In 2006 a DVD filmed for Universal Pictures at London's Wembley Arena hit No 1 for 7 straight weeks on the UK Music Week charts and broadcast on Sky Arts. A new DVD filmed at London's 02 arena in December 2012 will be released commercially this Christmas, followed by TV. It also debuted in the UK and internationally in digital cinemas in April 2013. [PAR] Tennis has been part of Jeff's life from age 5. Taught by his father Jerry (the original Sky Masterson in the West End production of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RoboCop - Heroes Wiki - Wikia RoboCop | Heroes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] History [PAR] RoboCop (1987) [PAR] Robocop was formerly Alex Murphy, a Detroit police officer in the near future. Recently transferred to the Metro West precinct and partnered with Anne Lewis, Murphy engaged in a high-speed chase and cornered a group of drug dealers led by Detroit crime boss Clarence Boddicker. Following the group into an abandoned steel mill, Murphy was caught, tortured and brutally executed by Boddicker and his gang. [PAR] Murphy was rushed to the operating table, where he was declared dead; however, mega-corporation Omni Consumer Products (OCP), which had recently taken over operation of Detroit's law enforcement, had other plans for him. Bob Morton, an executive in the Security Concepts division, used Murphy for his Robocop program. Combining state-of-the-art technology, armor and weaponry, OCP merged Murphy's mind with machinery to create Robocop, the crime-fighting cyborg. [PAR] OCP programmed Robocop with three prime directives: serve the public trust, protect the innocent, and uphold the law. A fourth, unknown directive remained hidden in his programming. At first, Robocop cleaned up crime in Detroit and had citizens cheering and criminals on the run. Before long, however, Alex Murphy's memories began to haunt the cyborg. Searching for clues to his past, Robocop rediscovered memories of his happy family life and his murder at the hands of Boddicker's gang. He became determined to get vengeance for his own murder. [PAR] Robocop tracked down Boddicker's henchmen on a quest for Boddicker himself. He soon learned that the corruption extended to Dick Jones, the Vice President of OCP, who was working with Boddicker. While attempting to arrest Jones, Robocop's fourth directive activated and prevented him from taking action against any senior OCP official. Jones attacked Robocop with his own mechanical enforcement droid, the bumbling ED-209. Robocop escapes into the parking complex, however he is then confronted by Detroit Police SWAT team led by Lt. Hedgecock who Robocop helped negotiated the hostage taker Ron Miller who Mayor Gibson and his staff hostage earlier has betrayed Detroit Police and taken control of the SWAT to follow Dick Jones' orders to destroy him. Before they open fire a few SWAT team members Kaplan, Jerry, Manson and Ramirez Robocop's comrades protest and tried to stop him and they walk off disgusted after Lt. Hedgecock tells them they have orders to destroy him. [PAR] With the help of Murphy's old partner, Lewis who was alerted by Kaplan and the others to Lt. Hedgecock's treachery arrives to save him, Robocop escaped capture and returned to the steel mill where Murphy had first encountered Boddicker's gang. Jones ordered Boddicker to destroy Robocop and a climactic showdown ensued. One by one, Robocop and Lewis took out Boddicker's thugs and ultimately, Boddicker himself. Robocop then returned to OCP and, after a hostage standoff, was able to kill Jones when the senior OCP executive fired him and his orders on the Detroit Police force to destroy Robocop is put to ane end. [PAR] RoboCop 2 (1990) [PAR] Soon afterward, Robocop and Lewis were among the last few police officers working in Detroit as a major police strike ensued and the SWAT team suspended for falling into Dick Jones' trick and Whitakker is the new SWAT leader replacing Lt. Hedgecock who is now been killed for following DIck Jones' orders to destroy Robocop and his betrayel. The absence of police combined with the presence of a new, highly addictive drug called Nuke made the streets of Detroit more dangerous than ever. Robocop pursued the Nuke drug lord Cain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Earl Jones - Biography - IMDb James Earl Jones - Biography - IMDb [PAR] James Earl Jones [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 74 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (55) | Personal Quotes (9) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' 1\u00bd\" (1.87 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] James Earl Jones was born on January 17, 1931 in Arkabutla, Mississippi, USA. At an early age, he started to take dramatic lessons to calm himself down. It appeared to work as he has since starred in many films over a 40-year period, beginning with the Stanley Kubrick classic Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964). He is probably best known for his role as Darth Vader in the original Star Wars trilogy (for the voice only, as the man in the Darth Vader suit was David Prowse , whose voice was dubbed because of his British West Country accent). He has appeared on the animated series The Simpsons (1989) three times and played Mufasa in The Lion King (1994). James Earl Jones returned as the voice of Darth Vader in Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith (2005) and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Jadidi [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Took acting lessons to control his stutter. [PAR] Son, with Cecilia Hart : Flynn Earl Jones. [PAR] Had a stuttering problem as a child and said very little as a child; still struggles with the problem and says he has to think about what he says carefully before saying it (impressive, since he is known widely for his voice). [PAR] Provided the thunderous voice (uncredited) of Darth Vader, the villain of the original Star Wars trilogy. [PAR] Son of prizefighter-turned-actor Robert Earl Jones , from whom he was (allegedly) estranged long into adulthood. Yet they starred together in a well-received stage revival of John Steinbeck 's \"Of Mice and Men\", as Lennie Small and Crooks, respectively ( Kevin Conway also starred in the play, as George Milton). [PAR] He's the commanding voice that says \"This is CNN\". [PAR] Attended and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1955. [PAR] His first time acting was at the Ramsdell Theater in Manistee, Michigan. [PAR] Attended and graduated from Kaleva-Norman-Dickson High School in Brethren. [PAR] Grew up in the small town of Dublin, Michigan. [PAR] Callers using Bell Atlantic pay phones often hear Jones's voice assuring them \"Welcome to Bell Atlantic\", just before a female voice asks for a calling card number. [PAR] Was once a United States Army officer after college. [PAR] His \"death\" was announced during a live broadcast of an NBA playoff game in April 1998. The deceased was actually James Earl Ray , the convicted assassin of Martin Luther King . [PAR] He received the John F. Kennedy Centre Honour in December 2002. [PAR] Narrated the documentary Black Indians: An American Story (2001) , which explores issues of racial identity between the mixed-descent peoples of both Native American and African American heritage. Jones himself is a Black Indian. [PAR] Announced the forty-fifth greatest movie villain of all time by Maxim Magazine's \"Fifty Greatest Movie Villains of All Time\" list for his character of Darth Vader in Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977). [PAR] Co-starred with Madge Sinclair five times. [PAR] Has won two Tony Awards: in 1969, as Best Actor (Dramatic), for \"The Great White Hope\", a role he recreated in an Oscar-nominated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Short Circuit (1986) - IMDb Short Circuit (1986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Number 5 of a group of experimental robots in a lab is electrocuted, suddenly becomes intelligent, and escapes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $7.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] 'The Circle' Trailer: Emma Watson Falls for Tom Hanks' Cult-Like Tech Company [PAR] 6 December 2016 1:30 PM, -08:00 | Movies.com [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 13 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 26 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Short Circuit \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Robot Johnny Five comes to the city and gets manipulated by criminals who want him for their own purposes. [PAR] Director: Kenneth Johnson [PAR] In 1978, a boy travels 8 years into the future and has an adventure with an intelligent, wisecracking alien ship. [PAR] Director: Randal Kleiser [PAR] Apartment block tenants seek the aid of alien mechanical life-forms to save their building from demolition. [PAR] Director: Matthew Robbins [PAR] The Henderson family adopt a friendly Sasquatch but have a hard time trying to keep the legend of 'Bigfoot' a secret. [PAR] Director: William Dear [PAR] Three bachelors find themselves forced to take care of a baby left by one of the guys' girlfriends. [PAR] Director: Leonard Nimoy [PAR] A troubled boy dives into a wondrous fantasy world through the pages of a mysterious book. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] A seemingly normal young boy turns out to be a top secret military-created robot with superhuman abilities. [PAR] Director: Simon Wincer [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6/10 X [PAR] A boy obsessed with 50s sci-fi movies about aliens has a recurring dream about a blueprint of some kind, which he draws for his inventor friend. With the help of a third kid, they follow it and build themselves a spaceship. Now what? [PAR] Director: Joe Dante [PAR] The scientist father of a teenage girl and boy accidentally shrinks his and two other neighborhood teens to the size of insects. Now the teens must fight diminutive dangers as the father searches for them. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] On another planet in the distant past, a Gelfling embarks on a quest to find the missing shard of a magical crystal, and so restore order to his world. [PAR] Directors: Jim Henson, Frank Oz [PAR] Stars: Jim Henson, Kathryn Mullen, Frank Oz [PAR] A 16-year old girl is given 13 hours to solve a labyrinth and rescue her baby brother when her wish for him to be taken away is granted by the Goblin King. [PAR] Director: Jim Henson [PAR] A toon-hating detective is a cartoon rabbit's only hope to prove his innocence when he is accused of murder. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Number 5, one of a group of experimental"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Terminator' Characters: Actors Who Have Played Them ... 'Terminator' Characters: Actors Who Have Played Them | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] 11:30am PT by Aaron Couch [PAR] 'Terminator': The Multiple Stars Who've Played the Key Characters [PAR] Screengrab [PAR] From Linda Hamilton to Emilia Clarke, a number of people have played the iconic roles. [PAR] James Cameron's The Terminator (1984) continues to be among the most influential sci-fi movies of all time. [PAR] It has spawned four follow-up films, including the acclaimed Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) and the short-lived (but beloved) Fox series Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles. The latest installment, Terminator: Genisys, is battling at the box office against fellow newcomer Magic Mike: XXL and holdovers Inside Out and Jurassic World. [PAR] Throughout its 30-plus year history, multiple actors have gotten to take on the mantle of John Connor and his parents, Sarah Connor and Kyle Rease. Check them out below. [PAR] Sarah Connor [PAR] Linda Hamilton originated the role for The Terminator (1984) and followed it up with Terminator 2: Judgment Day. Her character had died by the time Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) rolled around. Lena Headey played Sarah on TV for Fox's Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles from 2008-2009. Her fellow Game of Thrones star Emilia Clarke picked up the role for Terminator: Genisys (2015). [PAR] John Connor [PAR] A 13-year-old Edward Furlong was cast as the savior of humanity, and earned praise for his work in Terminator 2, which also featured a glimpse of an adult John, played by Michael Edwards. Furlong was replaced with Nick Stahl for Terminator 3, and fanboys rejoiced when Christian Bale was cast to play John in Terminator: Salvation (2009), which ultimately was poorly received. On TV, Thomas Dekker played a teenage John Connor in The Sarah Connor Chronicles. Jason Clarke steps into the role for Genisys, with the big spoiler revealed months ago in the trailers being that John isn't quite himself in the new film. [PAR] Kyle Rease [PAR] Michael Biehn solidified his name in the sci-fi hall of fame with his scrappy performance in The Terminator, going on to appear briefly in a bonus dream sequence in Terminator 2. In Terminator Salvation, Anton Yelchin played a teenaged Rease, while Jai Courtney played the most beefed-up version of the character yet in Genisys. [PAR] The T-800 [PAR] Arnold Schwarzenegger has played different versions of the T-800 in The Terminator, Terminator 2 and Terminator 3, for which the then-55-year-old worked out for months to return to his weight for The Terminator. In Terminator Salvation, CGI helped put Schwarzenegger's face on the T-800 in the film. The T-800 looking older is part of the plot of Genisys , which explains that the flesh covering the Terminator's skeleton is real human flesh, and thus ages. [PAR] Kate Connor [PAR] John Connor's eventual wife, Kate Brewster, was played by Claire Danes in Terminator 3. Kate was married to John in Salvation, with Kate Connor played by Bryce Dallas Howard. [PAR] Aaron Couch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reds (1981) - IMDb Reds (1981) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] A radical American journalist becomes involved with the Communist revolution in Russia and hopes to bring its spirit and idealism to the United States. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 20 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 14 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 31 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 12 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Reds \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 19 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] American journalist John Reed journeys to Russia to document the Bolshevik Revolution and returns a revolutionary. His fervor for left-wing politics leads him to Louise Bryant, then married, who will become a feminist icon and activist. Politics at home become more complicated as the rift grows between reality and Reed's ideals. Bryant takes up with a cynical playwright, and Reed returns to Russia, where his health declines. Written by Jwelch5742 [PAR] Not since Gone With The Wind has there been a great romantic epic like it! [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 25 December 1981 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Novelist Jerzy Kosinski originally turned down the acting gig in this film because he feared he would be kidnapped by the KGB whilst shooting on location in Finland. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Louise first comes to New York and finds John's apartment (during the time of WWI), some of the apartment windows behind her have air conditioning units. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [first lines] [PAR] Witness 1: [voiceover] Was that in 1913 or 17? I can't remember now. Uh, I'm, uh, beginning to forget all the people that I used to know, see? [PAR] Witness 2: [voiceover] Do I remember Louise Bryant? Why, of course, I couldn't forget her if I tried. [PAR] As the credits roll, additional interviews with the 'witnesses' play. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] Every movie lover should see this film! [PAR] 26 June 2001 | by Princess-Alice [PAR] \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Warren Beatty's Reds follows only Gone With The Wind in my list of favourite films. This movie is both a love story, and a documentary. It educates the viewer not just on John Reed and his comrades, but on WWI era society in general. [PAR] This brilliant script, (which, like the writings of Jack Reed expresses his political feelings with the same poetic eloquence as his love poems to his wife Louise), is interspersed with commentary from Jack's contemporaries, who tell the history from their own unique perspectives. As the truth of what was going on in that community is such an illusive thing, the only way to tell this story accurately was to show the often completely opposite view points of what was going on as told by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BIOGRAPHY: Mick Hucknall Lifetime BIOGRAPHY: Mick Hucknall Lifetime [PAR] twitter [PAR] BIOGRAPHY [PAR] Michael James Hucknall, commonly known as Mick 'Red' Hucknall, was the lead singer of the British soul-pop band 'Simply Red'. [PAR] Mick was born in St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and, after living very briefly in Bredbury, his family settled in Denton, a working class area to the east of Manchester city centre. Mick attended Audenshaw School and has always been a staunch Manchester United supporter. [PAR] Mick was raised single-handedly by his father Reg, who was barber by profession. His mother, Maureen, left when Mick was only three years old. Mick\u2019s incredibly close to his father and still stays with him whenever he is in Manchester. [PAR] Mick has said that being abandoned by his mother and being bullied at school left him with huge insecurities. He has tried to remedy this by recreating a sense of self-worth, partly through being on stage. [PAR] He met his mum only once, when she asked to see him before she died. Mick didn't want a relationship with her, as he was concerned for his father\u2019s feelings. He thought it would be a kick in the teeth to his father if he did form a relationship with her, after all his father\u2019s hard work over the years as a single parent. [PAR] Mick\u2019s dad wasn't a fan of his music and apparently told him to become a marine biologist, but luckily he followed his heart and a legend was created. [PAR] He began his music career in the late 1970s by forming the punk-inspired 'Frantic Elevators'. The band released four singles, including a version of \u2018Holding Back The Years\u2019, which he later recorded with 'Simply Red'. Mick\u2019s fondest memory of his time with the 'Frantic Elevators' was being \u2018severely gobbed on in Middlesborough\u2019 which apparently was a mark of respect! [PAR] Following the split of 'Frantic Elevators', Mick formed 'Simply Red', in 1984, with 3 ex-members of \u2018Durutti Column\u2019. The group signed to Elektra Records in 1985 and released 'Picture Book' in October that year. [PAR] The single \u2018Holding Back The Years\u2019 caused the 'Picture Book' album to go platinum, and made the group one of the major successes of 1986. [PAR] The album \u2018A New Flame\u2019 (1989) went gold due to the cover of the 1972 Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes hit 'If You Don't Know Me By Now', which hit number one and became a gold single. [PAR] Simply Red\u2019s line up has changed dramatically over the years. By the 90s 'Simply Red' effectively became Mick Hucknall accompanied by various musicians. [PAR] \u2018Stars\u2019 was the best-selling album of 1991 topping the charts for 19 weeks, and spawned the Top Ten hits 'Stars' and 'For Your Babies' and the Top 40 hits \u2018Something Got Me Started,\u2019 \u2018Thrill Me,\u2019 and \u2018Your Mirror.\u2019 [PAR] Worldwide, \u2018Stars\u2019 sold eight-and-a-half million copies by the second quarter of 1993 and outsold much-hyped efforts by Michael Jackson, U2, Dire Straits and Guns N'Roses. [PAR] Life (1995) proved more of a success at home than in America. The band returned to the charts in 1996 and 1997 with cover versions of Aretha Franklin's 'Angel' and Gregory Isaacs' 'Night Nurse'. [PAR] The Album released in 1999, 'Love And The Russian Winter', was branded a failure in the press and broke the band's run of UK chart-toppers. [PAR] Mick broke away from mainstream record labels and set up his own simplyred.com where he released the album \u2018Home\u2019 in 2003. [PAR] He had previously set up reggae label \u2018Blood and Fire\u2019 in 1993 with Steve Barrow,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] USA River Map - Maps of World US River Map, Map of US Rivers [PAR] Alaska [PAR] About USA Rivers [PAR] The United States of America has over 250,000 rivers. The longest river in the USA is the Missouri River; it is a tributary of the Mississippi River and is 2,540 miles long. But the biggest in terms of water volume is the deeper Mississippi River. [PAR] The longest un-dammed river in the contiguous USA is the Yellowstone River; it is 692 miles long. [PAR] Rivers provide drinking water, irrigation water, transportation, electrical power, drainage, food, and recreation. Rivers also erode land and carry it downstream to the sea. This kind of erosion can even form canyons, like the Grand Canyon, and waterfalls, like Niagara Falls. [PAR] While some of the USA rivers and lakes serve as vital waterways for inland navigation others are useful sources of irrigation and power generation. For certain cities like New Orleans, river basins usher in growth and prosperity for the city and its people. The whole drainage topography of the USA may be divided into two main subsystems, namely the Eastern systems and the Pacific systems. [PAR] Of the several prominent rivers featured in the USA river map, the major rivers of USA are: [PAR] Colorado river [PAR] Snake River [PAR] Lakes of USA [PAR] Besides the USA rivers, the USA river map also shows the various lakes, streams and other water bodies in the USA. The lake system of the US comprises Great Lakes of Lake Superior, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario and Lake Michigan, the first four of which are shared with Canada. [PAR] The Great Lakes of the US constitute the largest group of fresh water lakes in the world. Located in east-central North America, the Great Lakes form the largest group of fresh water lakes in the world covering a total area of 244,106 square km. Of the five Great Lakes, only Lake Michigan falls entirely within the territory of the United States with the remaining four being shared with Canada. Apart from being the site for large population concentrations and industrial activities, the Great Lakes also handle the highest volume of fresh water shipping tonnage in the world. [PAR] The other major lakes shown in the USA river map are: [PAR] Eagle lake"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the RMP - British Army Website History of the RMP - British Army Website [PAR] History of the RMP [PAR] History of the RMP [PAR] Britain's Royal Military Police claims to have a tradition of service to the Crown and Nation longer than any regiment or corps with an antecedence stretching back to at least 1241, when Henry II appointed one William of Cassingham as a Military 'Sergeant of the Peace'. He and his Under-Provosts were the ancestors of the modern Royal Military Police. [PAR] Provost Companies [PAR] As the Provost Marshal's office gradually assumed more and more duties of a policing nature within the Army, he was provided with State-paid troops, referred to in Henry VIII's day as Provost Companies the term still used today to describe a formed body of Military Police. [PAR] The first recorded Provost Marshal in English history of whom there is a personal record, is one Sir Henry Guldeford (or Guylford) appointed in 1511. The Provost Marshal was responsible for maintaining discipline within the English armies together with the King's personal security. He was also described as the 'first and greatest gaoler of the Army'. [PAR] Britain's first standing military police force came into being in 1813, when the Duke of York, Commander-in-Chief of the British Army proposed the formation of a Staff Corps of Cavalry to be attached to the Adjutant-General. [PAR] Commanding Officers of Cavalry Regiments were then ordered to submit the names of soldiers to serve in this new unit, detachments of which were allotted to each division of the Peninsular Army, similar to today's Provost Companies, which allocated to every manoeuvre and logistic brigade. [PAR] The Red Cap [PAR] Wellington asked for a Provost Marshal to be appointed to hang looters and by the end of the Peninsular War the Provost Marshal controlled 24 Assistant Provost Marshals. The Assistants were also authorised to hang offenders and eventually each division had its own Assistant Provost Marshal. [PAR] Until a uniform was approved, members of the Staff Corps of Cavalry were identified by a red scarf tied around the right shoulder of their original uniform, which while some consider this to have been the origin of the famous 'Red Cap' of the Royal Military Police and its forebears, it was certainly the most likely precursor of the 'MP' armband (and now the Tactical Recognition Flash), which identifies the modern Military Policeman or Policewoman. [PAR] Although disbanded in 1814 at the end of the Peninsular War, following Napoleon's defeat at the battle of Waterloo the Duke of Wellington re-formed the Staff Corps of Cavalry to police the occupying British Army in France. Later, in the Crimean War, a Mounted Staff Corps comprised of almost 100 troopers from the Police Constabulary of Ireland, with some recruited from the Metropolitan Police, was established to prevent the theft of supplies and to maintain discipline in camps. This 'Corps' was disbanded with the cessation of hostilities. [PAR] Mounted Military Police [PAR] Back at home, a Mounted Military Police (MMP) Corps was formed of man with 'at least 5 years service, of sober habits, intelligent, active and discreet' on 13th June 1855, to police the new Army cantonment at Aldershot. This development was the beginning of the existing organisation of the Corps of Military Police. [PAR] On 1 August 1877, the Military Mounted Police was formerly established as a distinct Corps for service both at home and abroad, and it is from this date that the RMP claims its current place in the British Army's 'Order of Battle'. In 1882, a Military Foot Police"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bordeaux Wine - Beginner's Guide Bordeaux Wine - Beginner's Guide [PAR] Bordeaux Wine [PAR] A Beginners Guide to the Basics of Bordeaux Wine [PAR] Bordeaux's Left Bank - Medoc. CIVB / Philippe Roy [PAR] By Stacy Slinkard [PAR] Updated February 06, 2016. [PAR] Bordeaux...just the name conjures up all sorts of extraordinary wine expectations. As the fourth largest French city, the largest controlled wine growing region (AOC) in France, home to over 10,000 producers and the artisan of close to 70 million cases of wine per vintage, Bordeaux is the modern-day red wine Mecca, beckoning pilgrims near and far to scout for, speculate on and ultimately imbibe in the crown jewel, Bordeaux's exalted red wines. Not to say that Bordeaux doesn\u2019t enjoy a favored following on the white wine or sweet wine fronts, merely that Bordeaux has been built on a foundation of red wine for hundreds of years, forged in large part by the historical and somewhat symbiotic relationship with the British over the highly coveted claret. [PAR] This famous winemaking region\u2019s maritime climate, celebrated parcels of land, distinguished collection of grape varieties, well-honed traditions and complicated classification systems all come together in a tethered trellising system to form the winemaking wonder that is Bordeaux. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Juice Citrus [PAR] A land based on \u201cbanks\u201d \u2013 left bank or right bank, formal family roots and home to a slew of newcomers, layered with rules yet capable of cultivating wines that don\u2019t all fall in regulatory line, crafting wine for futures yet gracing the table with everyday wine, every day, and built on a reputation of high-end wine, but presenting over 80% of its juice to the world in the \u201caffordable\u201d wine category at the $8-30 price point, Bordeaux is full of contrasts and more than capable of maintaining multiple wine expectations very well. [PAR] Bordeaux \u2013 Climate and the Lay of the Land [PAR] Located in the southwest corner of France, just miles from the Atlantic, Bordeaux benefits considerably from the coastal maritime influence, and typically enjoys wet springs, fairly gentle summers and mild winters. The Gulf Stream exerts a warming influence on the region, yet summer weather can be fickle and inconsistent, making for interesting issues when it comes to getting grapes to fully ripen. [PAR] Bordeaux: Good Vintages vs. Great Vintages [PAR] Bordeaux\u2019s climate is a critical player in vintage quality year in and year out. With great vintages built on the backs of well-ripened grapes and intended to age for the long haul and good vintages, maintaining the silver lining of being ready to drink earlier and selling at more affordable prices. The best vintages are always warm ones, Bordeaux can be a cool climate for red grapes, which need plenty of sun to reach full maturity, with optimum levels of sugar and tannin. Mature grapes create great wines. With good vintages , the wines come across fairly fresh, with less complexity and overall intensity. These wines may be ready to drink upon release and require a lot less age to enjoy fully, though if you do want to hold a good vintage 3-5 years will often suffice. Vintages from recent years that fall into the \u201cgood category\u201d include 2006, 2007 and 2008. Great vintages are built to cellar. They have a density, intensity and overall complexity that will only get more interesting with age. Recent Bordeaux vintages that fall into the \u201cgreat category\u201d include 2005, 2009 and 2010. [PAR] Battle of the Banks \u2013 Bordeaux's Left Bank vs. Right Bank [PAR] Three rivers do their best"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Connect Four Board Game Set by Hasbro - Walmart.com Connect Four Board Game Set by Hasbro - Walmart.com [PAR] Connect Four Board Game Set by Hasbro [PAR] Average rating: 0out of 5 starsWrite a reviewratings [PAR] Q&A [PAR] About this item [PAR] Connect Four Game Approximate Game: 1.05 Lbs. [PAR] Game Set Is Complete With Lockable Grid, Top Locking Mechanism, And Game Base That Doubles As A Carrying Handle [PAR] Game Set Is Complete With Lockable Grid, Top Locking Mechanism, And Game Base That Dou [PAR] This item is no longer available [PAR] We're unable to show you buying options for this item. [PAR] Check out these related products [PAR] Reduced Price [PAR] Average rating: 4.5out of 5 stars4ratings [PAR] Low in Stock [PAR] Next [PAR] About this item [PAR] Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin information may not be accurate or consistent with manufacturer information. For updated, accurate country of origin data, it is recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. [PAR] The original game of Connect 4 now features three fun ways to play: Original, Pop Out, and Pop 10! Challenge a friend to checker-dropping fun. When you're done playing, tote your game around with a convenient carrying handle. The checkers store inside the grid so you're ready to play anytime! [PAR] Back [PAR] About this item [PAR] Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin information may not be accurate or consistent with manufacturer information. For updated, accurate country of origin data, it is recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. [PAR] The original game of Connect 4 now features three fun ways to play: Original, Pop Out, and Pop 10! Challenge a friend to checker-dropping fun. When you're done playing, tote your game around with a convenient carrying handle. The checkers store inside the grid so you're ready to play anytime! Win in abstract strategy with Connect Four Board Game Set by Hasbro. This strongly solved game features a lockable grid, top locking mechanism, game base (that doubles as carrying handle), 21 yellow checkers, 21 red checkers, 2 scoring slides, 2 cardboard sliders, and easy-to-follow instruction manual. Moreover, it can be enjoyed using its 5 rule variations: Original, Pop Out, Pop 10, 5-in-a-Row and Power Up. Have your kids ages 7 and up enjoy this tic-tac-toe styled activity that will not only enhance their strategic skills but also help improve their 3-D visualization abilities. So what are you waiting for? Get Connect Four Board Game Set by Hasbro now and enjoy our limited 1 year manufacturer's warranty. [PAR] Connect Four Game Approximate Game: 1.05 Lbs. [PAR] Game Set Is Complete With Lockable Grid, Top Locking Mechanism, And Game Base That Doubles As A Carrying Handle [PAR] It Also Features 21 Yellow Checkers, 21 Red Checkers, 2 Scoring Slides, 2 Cardboard Sliders, And Easy-To-Follow Instructions [PAR] For 2 players"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurostar high-speed train | Eurail.com Eurostar high-speed train | Eurail.com [PAR] Eurostar [PAR] Eurostar high-speed train [PAR] Eurostar is a high-speed train connecting Great Britain to Continental Europe. The Eurostar travels via the Channel Tunnel, and brings you from London to Paris or Brussels in less than 2,5 hours. The Eurostar also travels direct to Calais, Lille, and Disneyland Paris (Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e). [PAR] Facilities and Services [PAR] Eurostar high-speed train routes [PAR] Eurostar operate almost hourly departures with regular direct routes to and from central London to the heart of Paris (France) and Brussels (Belgium). [PAR] Eurostar services also connect with many TGV and Thalys services to transport you to many cities across France and the Benelux. The Eurostar offers the following routes: [PAR] London - Paris [PAR] R [PAR] Reservation: mandatory [PAR] When a reservation is mandatory you must reserve a seat in advance. It's not possible to board the train without this reservation. [PAR] Reservations on the Eurostar are mandatory. You can start making your reservations 3 months in advance. Your Eurail Pass needs to be valid in either France or the Benelux. [PAR] How to make your reservations for the Eurostar [PAR] You can reserve your seat on the Eurostar in the following ways:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The French Connection Film Locations - On the set of New ... The French Connection Film Locations - On the set of New York.com [PAR] [PAR] The French Connection (1971) [PAR] Alain Chanier (Fernando Rey) is a dapper businessman from Marseilles, France, who is in reality a drug lord working on a big score - to sell $32 million worth of 89% pure heroin to New York City. But his potential buyer - small-time hood Salvatore Boca - is being tailed by two undercover NYC cops, James \"Popeye\" Doyle (Gene Hackman) and Buddy \"Cloudy\" Russo (Roy Scheider). The more Popeye and Cloudy dig, the closer they get - to where Chanier agrees to an attempt on Popeye's life that results in a brutal train hijacking and automobile pursuit, and eventually to a showdown btw police and mobsters outside the city. [PAR] otsoNY Comments: The traffic jam on the Brooklyn Bridge was shot without permission. [PAR] Brooklyn Bridge, Lower East Side, Manhattan. [PAR] [PAR] The Brooklyn Bridge, built btw 1869 and 1883, connects Manhattan with New York's most populous borough, Brooklyn, at the time one of the country's largest cities. The bridge is one of the most magnificent landmarks in New York.[DOC] [TLE] The Filming Locations of The French Connection, Then and ... The Filming Locations of The French Connection, Then and Now | Scouting NY [PAR] The Filming Locations of The French Connection, Then and Now [PAR] Posted by: Scout May 21, 2014 60 Comments [PAR] A few years ago, I was driving an art director around on a scout when he asked me to take him to a gritty section of New York. Not exactly sure what to do, I drove him to a neighborhood with one of the highest crime rates in the city. He stepped out of the car, looked around, and said, \u201cThis isn\u2019t right \u2013 this is beautiful! Where are the flaming barrels? The abandoned buildings? The gritty New York City?\u201d [PAR] The only place you\u2019ll find gritty New York City these days is in the movies. [PAR] William Friedkin\u2019s The French Connection depicts just the kind of New York he was looking for. Made in 1971, the city\u2019s decay is front and center in nearly every frame, from abandoned, grime-covered buildings and derelict cars to crumbling warehouses and trash-strewn lots, and at times, the neglect is nothing short of tragic. Yet New York\u2019s beautification over the past 25 years has come at a price. Gone are many of the classic New York establishments and mom-and-pop stores of the past, replaced by a blandness typically reserved for suburban malls. [PAR] Let\u2019s take a look at what has changed over the past 43 years. [PAR] After a brief opening scene in Marseille (soon to be covered by sister site Scouting France), the action moves to Brooklyn, where we meet our hero, Jimmy \u201cPopeye\u201d Doyle, in front of the Oasis Bar & Grill. Shot at 914 Broadway on the Bushwick/Bed-Stuy border, the bar today is a Chinese Restaurant called China City: [PAR] Popeye and his partner Buddy \u201cCloudy\u201d Russo are engaged in a drug stakeout at the Oasis\u2026 [PAR] As Popeye, dressed in a Santa suit, entertains the local kids outside, Cloudy chases a suspect out of the bar. Note the theater in the background, known in 1971 as the Rio Piedras, and the pool hall beside it. [PAR] All gone: [PAR] This was originally the Loew\u2019s Broadway, built in 1904 with seating for 2,000. Here\u2019s a picture taken in its heyday, courtesy of CinemaTreasures.org . [PAR] The theater was torn down in 1988, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Only Connect (2) - UKGameshows Only Connect (2) - UKGameshows [PAR] Only Connect (2) [PAR] Victoria Coren (credited as Victoria Coren Mitchell, 2013-) [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] Presentable for BBC Four, 15 September 2008 to 11 March 2013 (73 episodes in 6 series + 13 specials) [PAR] RDF Television and Parasol for BBC Four, 12 May 2013 to 7 July 2014 (39 episodes in 3 series + 2 specials) [PAR] RDF Television and Parasol for BBC Two, 1 September 2014 to present [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Fresh from her hit documentary A History of Corners, Victoria Coren continues her career on that darkest recess of Britain's television corporation, BBC Four. [PAR] Two teams of three people vaguely connected by a job or hobby turn up to be ritually humiliated by some of the most - if not the most - difficult questions ever seen on a TV show on these shores, certainly outside a specialist subjects quiz. Clearly appealing to the widest demographic possible the show opens with, er, a string quartet and a flurry of Greek letters (or, in later series, Egyptian hieroglyphs), which will later adorn the game board. [PAR] In the first round, the teams take it in turn to pick a Greek letter from the A Question of Sport -esque board whereupon the first of up to four clues are revealed. Further clues can be revealed but at a cost - 5, 3, 2, 1 points are earned after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and final clue. The teams have 40 seconds to spot the connection, and the captain must buzz in during that time to offer a correct guess, otherwise their opponents get the opportunity to pick up a bonus point if they know the answer. The connections can range from the straightforward (\"Card games\") to the frankly bizarre (\"People with palindromic surnames\"), and it can take a few shows before you tune into the show's own mindset. There's also a set of picture clues and a set of musical ones (the latter indicated by a musical note), and Coren-Mitchell frequently (strongly) encourages the teams to sing tunes that have not been played, which is always entertaining. The Greek letters on the board later changed to Egyptian hieroglyphs, which are still in use to this day. Their positions on the board are: Top row, left to right: Two Reeds, Lion, Twisted Flax. Bottom row, left to right: Horned Viper, Water, Eye of Horus. [PAR] In the second round, the clues form four terms of a sequence. The points are given for providing the fourth item in the sequence even if, as has happened in some cases, the team arrive at the right answer for completely the wrong reason. There's always a set of picture-clues in this round, and sometimes, but not necessarily, musical ones too. [PAR] A little sample question - what completes this sequence? [PAR] Undoubtedly the most popular round is the Connecting Wall, where 16 clues have to be grouped together into four lots of four. The team to go first gets a choice between Lion and Water, the other team has to take the alternative hieroglyph. The team use a touch screen to stab in their guesses, and tactics come into play towards the end as the team only get three attempts to differentiate the last eight clues into the 3rd and 4th groups. One point is earned for each correct group found during the time, another point is earned for the correct reason behind the connection, and a bonus two points are added if all four groups and connections are given. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chapter 53: THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX - Dartmouth College Chapter 53: THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX [PAR] Chapter 53: The pharynx and larynx [PAR] Pharynx [PAR] The word throat is used for the parts of the neck anterior to the vertebral column, especially the pharynx and the larynx. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system situated posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and posterior to the larynx. It is therefore divisible into nasal, oral, and laryngeal parts: the (1) nasopharynx, (2) oropharynx, and (3) laryngopharynx. The pharynx extends from the base of the skull down to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (around the C6 vertebral level), where it becomes continuous with the esophagus. Its superior aspect is related to the sphenoid and occipital bones and the posterior aspect to the prevertebral fascia and muscles as well as the upper six cervical vertebrae. The pharynx (figs. 53-1 , 53-2 , 53-3 and 53-4 ) is a fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane. [PAR] The pharynx is the common channel for deglutition (swallowing) and respiration, and the food and air pathways cross each other in the pharynx. In the anesthetized patient, the passage of air through the pharynx is facilitated by extension of the neck. [PAR] Subdivisions [PAR] Nasopharynx. [PAR] The nasopharynx, at least in its anterior part, may be regarded as the posterior portion of the nasal cavity, with which it has a common function as part of the respiratory system. The nasopharynx communicates with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus, which is bounded by the soft palate, the palatopharyngeal arches, and the posterior wall of the pharynx. The isthmus is closed by muscular action during swallowing. The choanae are the junction between nasopharynx and the nasal cavity proper. [PAR] A mass of lymphoid tissue, the (naso)pharyngeal tonsil is embedded in the mucous membrane of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. Enlarged (naso)pharyngeal tonsils are termed \"adenoids\" and may cause respiratory obstruction. Higher up, a minute pharyngeal hypophysis (resembling the adenohypophysis) may be found (see fig. 53-5 ). [PAR] Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube, located about 1 to 1.5 cm (1) inferior to the roof of the pharynx, (2) anterior to the posterior wall of the pharynx, (3) superior to the level of the palate, and (4) posterior to the inferior nasal concha and the nasal septum (fig. 53-5 ). The auditory tube can be catheterized through a nostril. The opening is limited on the superior side by a tubal elevation (tubal torus), from which mucosal folds descend to the palate and side wall of the pharynx. The part of the pharyngeal cavity posterior to the tubal elevation is termed the pharyngeal recess. Nearby lymphoid tissue is referred to as the tubal tonsil. [PAR] The auditory tube is pharyngotympanic; i.e., it connects the nasopharynx to the tympanic cavity. Hence, infections may spread along this route. The tube equalizes the pressure of the external air and that in the tympanic cavity. The auditory tube, about 3 to 4 cm in length, extends posteriorly, laterally, and superiorly. It consists of (1) a cartilaginous part, the anteromedial two thirds, which is a diverticulum of the pharynx, and (2) an osseous part, the posterolateral third, which is an anteromedial prolongation of the tympanic cavity. The cartilaginous part lies on the inferior aspect of the skull, in a groove between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone (see fig. 42-12 ). The cartilaginous part of the auditory tube remains closed except on swallowing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Golden Gate Bridge \u2013 Structural Wonders Golden Gate Bridge \u2013 Structural Wonders [PAR] Opened: 1937 [PAR] Cost of construction: 27 million USD [PAR] Though the name says golden gate, the bridge has been painted reddish orange in color in order to protect it from the corrosive environment. The bridge derives its name from the Golden Gate strait which connects the the San Francisco bay to the Pacific ocean. The US Navy initially objected for the construction of the bridge fearing that the naval ships would be trapped in the bay if the bridge was bombed or it collapsed. Eventually approval was given, but the military wanted the bridge to be painted in black and yellow stripes. [PAR] Apart from helping to reduce traffic congestion, the bridge is also a popular tourist attraction and according to Frommers travel guide, the most photographed bridge in the world. [PAR] What is even more interesting about the Golden gate bridge is that its construction created many jobs during the Great Depression, thereby helping the economic development of the United States. The citizens of San Francisco area pledged their own homes, farms and other properties as collateral for the $ 35 million bond issues by the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway district. [PAR] Aerial view of the golden gate bridge [PAR] Golden gate bridge at night [PAR] Share this:[DOC] [TLE] Straits of the Golden Gate - definition of Straits of the ... Straits of the Golden Gate - definition of Straits of the Golden Gate by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Straits of the Golden Gate - definition of Straits of the Golden Gate by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Straits+of+the+Golden+Gate [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Golden Gate [PAR] A strait in northern California connecting the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. The Golden Gate Bridge, which spans the strait, was completed in 1937. [PAR] Golden Gate [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a strait between the Pacific and San Francisco Bay: crossed by the Golden Gate Bridge, with a central span of 1280 m (4200 ft) [PAR] Gold\u2032en Gate\u2032 [PAR] n. [PAR] a strait in W California, between San Francisco Bay and the Pacific. 2 mi. (3.2 km) wide. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Connect a Computer To the Internet - About.com Tech How to Connect a Computer to the Internet [PAR] How to Connect a Computer to the Internet [PAR] Search the site [PAR] Updated October 08, 2016 [PAR] [PAR] The specific steps required to connect a computer to the Internet depend on the type of Internet access involved. Most Internet access methods used in homes involve a small hardware unit called a modem that connects to a physical medium supporting one of these fixed location services: [PAR] Phone line (for DSL ) [PAR] Fiber optic cable [PAR] Wireless antenna (for satellite and wireless broadband services) [PAR] Portable computers, like tablets, can be connected to fixed location networks inside a home, but they additionally support mobile broadband Internet access via cellular networks that can be used at home and while traveling. Finally, outside the home, portable computers can also reach the Internet via Wi-Fi hotspots , hardware access points installed in fixed locations that are in turn networked to Internet service through one of the other above methods. [PAR] More: Internet Connection Alternatives for Home Networks [PAR] Configuring an Internet Gateway (if applicable) [PAR] A network gateway is the hardware device that joins a local network to the Internet. On fixed location networks, the modem connects to the gateway device. Home networks most commonly use a broadband router as their gateway device, although technically any modern home computer can be set up as the gateway instead. [PAR] More: How to Configure a Home Network Router [PAR] When using mobile broadband networks or Wi-Fi hotspots, the gateway hardware that directly connects a computer to the Internet is set up and maintained by service providers. However, some end users prefer to add a portable network router (typically advertised as a travel router ) into their configuration. [PAR] Travel routers serve as an additional layer of Internet gateway, helping to more conveniently connect a group of devices to the same Internet service and share data between them. Administrators configure travel routers similarly to other types of consumer routers. [PAR] Configuring the Internet Client Device [PAR] Configuration parameters must be set on a computer to match the type of network gateway and Internet service being used. Typical required settings for client computers include: [PAR] User name and password \u2013 required for log in to Internet services based on PPPoE [PAR] Choice of network by name ( SSID ) \u2013 for Wi-Fi home networks and hotspots [PAR] Domain Name System (DNS) , MTU and other service-specific settings - as required by the provider [PAR] Troubleshooting Internet Connection Problems [PAR] Mistakes in configuring network equipment often lead to failure connecting to the Internet. In wireless networking, entering incorrect security keys is one of the most common errors. Loose cables or cables plugged into the wrong locations cause similar errors on wired networks. [PAR] Broadband modems must be connected to a home router uplink port and not any other of the router's ports, for example. [PAR] It may also be necessary to contact the Internet service provider to resolve connection problems. When connecting to a provider's network for the first time, the customer subscription must be activated and any special settings the provider requires (such as login information) set via the gateway. Once a computer has successfully connected to the provider's network the first time, subsequent problems tend to be unexpected outages due to weather or technical issues the provider is having with their own equipment (assuming the home network itself is functioning normally). [PAR] More: Can't Connect to the Internet? [PAR] Advanced Internet Connection Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Airways - Airline Wiki - Wikia British Airways | Airline Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] British Airways (BA) was created in 1974, when the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA) were combined under the newly formed British Airways Board. Following two years of fierce competition with British Caledonian, the second largest airline in Britain at the time, the Government changed its aviation policy in 1976 so the two carriers would no longer compete on long-haul routes. [PAR] British Airways and Air France operated the supersonic airliner Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde; the world's first supersonic passenger service first flew in January 1976 from London Heathrow to Bahrain. Services to the US were inaugurated to Washington Dulles airport on 24 May 1976; flights to New York JFK airport started on 22 September 1977. Following the Air France Concorde crash in Paris and a slump in air travel following the September 11 attacks in New York in 2001, it was decided to cease Concorde operations in 2003, after 27 years of service. The final commercial Concorde flight was BA002 from New York JFK to London Heathrow on 24 October 2003. [PAR] Merger agreements [PAR] Edit [PAR] On 30 July 2008, British Airways and Iberia, a Spanish fellow OneWorld partner, announced a merger plan; the two airlines would retain their original brands, similar to KLM and Air France in their merger agreement. An agreement to merge was confirmed in April 2010. In July 2010, the European Commission and US Department of Transport permitted the merger and co-ordinate transatlantic routes with American Airlines. On 6 October 2010, the alliance between British Airways, American Airlines and Iberia formally began operations; the alliance generates an estimated \u00a3230 million annual cost-saving for BA, in addition to \u00a3330 million by the Iberia merge. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Edit [PAR] British Airways trades on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index under the title of \"International Airlines Group\" following British Airways' merger with Iberia on 21 January 2011, with trading beginning on 24 January 2011. [PAR] Operations [PAR] Edit [PAR] BA World Cargo is the world's 12th-largest cargo airline based on total freight tonne-kilometres flown. BA World Cargo has global freight opportunities through the British Airways flight routes. In addition to the main fleet, BA World Cargo lease three Boeing 747-8F aircraft from Global Supply Systems on a multi-year basis, as well as utilising space on dedicated freighters operated by other carriers. [PAR] British Airways opened a World Cargo centre at Heathrow in the late 1990s; it is an automated freight handling centre capable of handling unusual and premium cargo, and fresh produce, of which it handles over 80,000 tons per year. BA World Cargo also handles freight at London's Gatwick and Stansted airports, and, through its partner British Airways Regional Cargo, at all of the main regional airports throughout the UK. [PAR] In 2009, BA announced that it had chosen to continue its long-haul freight operations from London Stansted Airport rather than relocate to Kent International Airport. [PAR] Partnerships and Codeshare Agreements [PAR] British Airways has codeshare agreements and/or partnerships with the following airlines: [PAR] Aer Lingus [PAR] UK Domestic is British Airways' economy class on domestic UK flights. Flights into Heathrow are operated by Airbus A320 series aircraft, and flights into Gatwick are operated by Boeing 737 aircraft, which are in a one-class configuration. [PAR] Business UK operates the same cabin as UK Domestic, but has pre-flight lounge access. [PAR] Euro Traveller is British Airways' economy class offering on flights from the UK"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gustation: Taste Buds and Taste - Boundless Gustation: Taste Buds and Taste [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Gustation: Taste Buds and Taste [PAR] The gustatory system, including the mouth, tongue, and taste buds, allows us to transduce chemical molecules into specific taste sensations. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Compare the structural similarities and differences among types of taste buds [PAR] Key Points [PAR] The gustatory system uses a form of chemoreception that allows the human body to interpret chemical compounds in ingested substances as specific tastes. [PAR] There are five main types of taste sensations: bitter, salty, sweet, sour, and umami (savory). [PAR] Taste sensations are transduced by taste cells located in bunches called taste buds. They are found throughout the entire mouth but are most highly concentrated on the tongue, the major sensory organ of the gustatory system. [PAR] While taste buds may differ slightly in location and sensation, they react to all five different types of tastes. Generally speaking, taste serves to create either an appetite for or an aversion to a substance. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Register for FREE to remove ads and unlock more features! Learn more [PAR] Full Text [PAR] The gustatory system creates the human sense of taste, allowing us to perceive different flavors from substances that we consume as food and drink. Gustation, along with olfaction (the sense of smell), is classified as chemoreception because it functions by reacting with molecular chemical compounds in a given substance. Specialized cells in the gustatory system that are located on the tongue are called taste buds, and they sense tastants (taste molecules). The taste buds send the information from the tastants to the brain, where a molecule is processed as a certain taste. There are five main tastes: bitter, salty, sweet, sour, and umami (savory). All the varieties of flavor we experience are a combination of some or all of these tastes. [PAR] A cross-section of the human head, which displays the location of the mouth, tongue, pharynx, epiglottis, and throat. [PAR] Tongue and Taste Buds [PAR] The sense of taste is transduced by taste buds, which are clusters of 50-100 taste receptor cells located in the tongue, soft palate, epiglottis, pharynx, and esophagus. The tongue is the main sensory organ of the gustatory system. The tongue contains papillae, or specialized epithelial cells, which have taste buds on their surface. There are three types of papillae with taste buds in the human gustatory system: [PAR] fungiform papillae, which are mushroom-shaped and located at the tip of the tongue; [PAR] foliate papillae, which are ridges and grooves toward the back of the tongue; [PAR] circumvallate papillae, which are circular-shaped and located in a row just in front of the end of the tongue. [PAR] Each taste bud is flask-like in shape and formed by two types of cells: supporting cells and gustatory cells. Gustatory cells are short-lived and are continuously regenerating. They each contain a taste pore at the surface of the tongue which is the site of sensory transduction. Though there are small differences in sensation, all taste buds, no matter their location, can respond to all types of taste. [PAR] A schematic drawing of a taste bud"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heston Blumenthal - Biography - IMDb Heston Blumenthal - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Heston Blumenthal [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (2) | Personal Quotes (34) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Heston is a self-taught English chef renowned for his experimental and scientific approach to cooking and gastronomy. He holds multiple honorary degrees in recognition of his scientific approach to cooking. He is the head chef of The Fat Duck, a three Michelin-starred restaurant voted the best restaurant in the world in 2005, and the best restaurant in the UK for a number of years. Additionally, it was voted best restaurant in the world in 2005 by Restaurant magazine. Since that date, it was awarded 2nd place in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, 3rd in 2010 and 5th in 2011, and 12th in 2012. [PAR] His reputation is based upon his constant and meticulous scientific examination of food. This includes both the chemical processes subjected to food structures during cooking, and also the inherent physical properties of foodstuffs. Blumenthal's famously experimental dishes include bacon and egg ice cream and snail porridge. [PAR] Heston Blumenthal regularly collaborates with scientists such as Dr Peter Barham, Reader of Physics at Bristol University and author of the book The Science of Cooking, and Dr Charles Spence, an experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford, with whom they experimented on the use of headphones whilst eating. [PAR] He has been a regular contributor to various BBC food programmes, has written a number of books on cooking and recipes, and contributes to newspapers such as The Guardian. [PAR] Blumenthal has had numerous books published. His first book was Family Food: A new approach to cooking in 2000. His second book was Heston Blumenthal: In Search of Perfection in 2006 (in which he attempts to find the best way of preparing classic dishes, including fish and chips and Black Forest gateau). Heston Blumenthal: Further Adventures In Search of Perfection was published in 2007 and The Big Fat Duck Cook Book in 2008 published by Bloomsbury. \"Heston Blumenthal at Home\" was published in late 2011 and is currently in the top 10 in the food and drink category on Amazon's bestseller's list. [PAR] The Big Fat Duck Cookbook is a 532 page cookbook written by Blumenthal and published in 2008. [PAR] Heston won the Food & Wine Personality of the Year Award - GQ Magazine, Glenfiddich Awards in 2004. [PAR] In 2005 he produced a series of six half-hour television programmes called Kitchen Chemistry with Heston Blumenthal which were transmitted on Discovery Science along with a book Kitchen Chemistry, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry and distributed to six thousand schools in the UK and Ireland. To date, it is the most successful book ever produced by the Society. [PAR] He opened his first London restaurant, Dinner, in the exclusive Mandarin Oriental Hotel where he has abandoned his experimental approach to food in favour of studied approach to classic English cooking. Heston is represented in London, UK by Useful Talent. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Useful Talent [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] (? - present) (3 children) [PAR] Trivia (2) [PAR] Owner and head chef of the Fat Duck in Bray, Berkshire, a multi-award winning restaurant which is constantly inventing new recipes and pioneering new scientific cooking techniques. [PAR] He was awarded the OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2006 Queen's New Years Honours List for his services to the Hospitality Industry. [PAR] Personal"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apple, Pear, Quince, Loquat, Peach, Cherry, Jujube, Olive ... Beware Of False Pennies Used In Size Relationships [PAR] Most of the apples grown commercially are diploid (2n), although there are many triploid varieties. For example, 'Gravenstein' apples are triploid with a chromosome number of 51 (3n=51). They are produced by the union of a diploid egg (2n=34) and a haploid sperm (n=17). This is accomplished by crossing a tetraploid plant (4n=68) with an ordinary diploid plant (2n=34). Because the triploid (3n) varieties are sterile, they must be propagated by grafting, where the scions of choice cultivars are grafted to hardy, pest-resistant root stalks. [PAR] Apples are mentioned throughout most of recorded human history. The generic name Malus is derived from the Latin word malus or bad, referring to Eve picking an apple in the Garden of Eden; however, some biblical scholars think the fig, and not the apple, was the forbidden fruit picked by Eve. One of the earliest records of any fruit eaten by people of the Middle East is the common fig (Ficus carica). Remnants of figs have been found in archeological excavations dating back to the Neolithic era, about 1000 years before Moses. The fig is also the first tree mentioned in the Bible in the story of Adam and Eve. There are some scholars who think the apricot is a more likely candidate because it was an abundant fruit (along with figs) in the ancient Palestine area. Other interesting tales about apples include Johnny Appleseed, William Tell, Sir Isaac Newton, and Apple Computers. [PAR] Assorted cultivars of apples (Malus domestica): A. 'Fuji,' B. 'Granny Smith,' C. 'Braeburn,' D. 'Red Delicious,' and E. 'McIntosh.' [PAR] Homegrown 'Granny Smith' apples and Anita Marks' delicious homemade apple pie. [PAR] Fruits With Stone Cells In Flesh (Sclereids): Pears & Quince [PAR] Pears and quince also produce fruits called pomes. There have essentially the same structure as apples, except they contain numerous stone cells in their fleshy mesocarp tissue. Stone cells (sclereids) are isodiametric cells (with equal diameters) and with very thick, sclerified cell walls. They appear like square cells with rounded off corners under high magnification (400 X). Stone cells are responsible for the gritty texture of pears and quince. Quince fruits have even more stone cells than pears and are used mostly for preserves and jellies. [PAR] Varieties of the common pear (Pyrus communis): A. and B. Red and yellow 'Bartlett' pears, C. 'Comice', D. 'Seckel' and E. 'Bosc.' [PAR] Other species with gritty stone cells in the juicy (fleshy) mesocarp: F. Asian Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and G. Quince (Cydona oblonga). Like apples and pears, the quince is a pome, and the freshly-cut mesocarp quickly becomes oxidized and turns brown when exposed to the air. Quinces are commonly made into preserves and jellies. [PAR] Magnified view of stone cells (sclereids) from the juicy mesocarp of a 'Bartlett' pear. The cells are about 50 micrometers in length (0.00196 inches). They have a very thick cell wall with branched (ramiform) pit canals. The central cell cavity (lumen) is small and inconspicuous. [PAR] Greatly magnified stone cell (sclereid) from the juicy mesocarp of a 'Bartlett' pear. Its shape superficially resembles a microscopic Cheerio\u00ae. Each cell is smaller than the squamous epithelial cells (cheek cells) that line your buccal mucosa inside your mouth. Photo taken with a Sony W-300 digital camera mounted on an Olympus compound laboratory grade microscope. Note: Stone fruits of the genus Prunus have stone cells (sclereids) in the hard endocarps (pits) of their fruits (drupes). See section of peaches, cherries, etc, below). [PAR] Japanese flowering quince (Chaenomeles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eat These 9 Foods to Keep Your Skin Hydrated | Bauer Nutrition Eat These 9 Foods to Keep Your Skin Hydrated | Bauer Nutrition [PAR] March 29, 2016 [PAR] Eat These 9 Foods to Keep Your Skin Hydrated [PAR] If you want healthy, vibrant skin, you have to work on it. One way to ensure your skin is in tip top condition is to keep it moisturized from the inside out. This means eating the right foods to keep your body hydrated. Here are nine water packed fruits and vegetables to add to your everyday meal plans that will help keep your skin hydrated. [PAR] Cucumbers [PAR] Cucumbers contain more water than any other solid food. With a 96% water content ratio, they are great for staying hydrated during the summer months. They\u2019re good alone or in a salad, and pretty easy to find in most grocery stores. If a salad is too boring for you, try making cucumber sandwiches. [PAR] Celery [PAR] Celery has a water content of just over 94%. Each stalk contains about 6 calories and is full of fiber to help you feel fuller longer. If you\u2019re not into eating it plain, add some peanut butter to celery. It\u2019s also tasty with cream cheese or sour cream. Some people even like to pair celery with cheese. [PAR] Tomatoes [PAR] Tomatoes are a great addition to your diet any time of the year, and they\u2019re the perfect food to eat when you\u2019re looking to keep hydrated. They contain 94% water, and come in a few different varieties. Most people just plop them into a salad, but there are tons of ways to incorporate tomatoes into your diet. They\u2019re also a thirst quenching, stand alone treat. [PAR] Watermelon [PAR] Watermelon is 92% water, and one of the most refreshing fruits you could eat. It\u2019s also packed with potassium, and vitamins A,B, and C. On a hot summer day a cold slice of watermelon can quickly hydrate you and keep you feeling full. It even tastes good at room temperature. [PAR] Grapefruit [PAR] Both tangy and sweet, who doesn\u2019t love grapefruit? It\u2019s packed full of vitamin C, and contains about 88% water, so you\u2019ll get the hydration you need from it. There are some other helpful benefits to eating grapefruit too. It helps burn fat, lower cholesterol ,and boosts your metabolism. [PAR] Apples [PAR] Apples aren\u2019t just full of water (about 87%), but they\u2019re also a good source of fiber. The water content is in the meat of the apple, and most of the fiber is in the skin. This means that it\u2019s best to eat your apples unpeeled to get the maximum benefits. If you don\u2019t like them plain, try dipping them in a bit of caramel or chocolate. [PAR] Spinach [PAR] If you love spinach salads, then you\u2019ll be glad to know that you\u2019re doing yourself a big favor by eating them. Spinach contains about 92% water, and is loaded with vitamins and nutrients including vitamins A, B6, and vitamin K. Spinach also contains zinc, potassium and iron. [PAR] Strawberries [PAR] Whether you blend them into a smoothie or prefer to eat them raw, juicy strawberries are great for keeping your skin hydrated. With a 92% water content rate, they make a perfect on-the-go snack. Other benefits of strawberries include their high levels of vitamin C and cancer fighting properties. [PAR] Cauliflower [PAR] When it comes to hydrating foods, most people wouldn\u2019t think about cauliflower. Perhaps because it\u2019s not the main ingredient in most everyday dishes, or because it\u2019s just not a popular vegetable. But"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heartbeat Characters - Retrowow Heartbeat Characters [PAR] Heartbeat Characters [PAR] Heartbeat is Yorkshire Television's long running series, set in the 60s about the village of Aidensfield in the Yorkshire Moors. Over the time it has been running some faces have come and gone, but some regulars such as Phil Bellamy, Oscar Blaketon, and Alf Ventress have stayed the course. These will be familiar to those of you watching the last series. Some new faces include Rosie Cartwright played by Venessa Hehir and Dr Helen Walker (formerly Trent) played by Sophie Ward. [PAR] Policemen and ex coppers [PAR] Phil Bellamy (Mark Jordan) [PAR] Mark Jordan, who plays Phil Bellamy, has been in Heartbeat from the beginning. He has played several policeman in the past including PC Betts in Coronation Street and PC Hicks in All Creatures Great and Small. He nearly joined the police force himself, but admits to failing the exam on purpose - he only applied to please his mum! [PAR] Phil Bellamy is always good for a laugh, but will never make anything other than a constable. [PAR] In Heartbeat he has been unlucky in love. He nearly married Gina Ward (Tricia Penrose) and when he finally did tie the knot, it turned out his wife, Debbie, was already married to someone who was supposed to be dead. [PAR] Oscar Blaketon (Derek Fowlds) [PAR] Oscar Blacketon was originally the Sergeant at the Police Station in Ashfordly. He was known as a stickler for the rules. His old sparing partner in those days was Claude Greengrass (Bill Maynard). Oscar later retired and bought the Post-Office. After a few years some financial good fortune allowed him to buy the pub, the Aidensfield Arms, which he now runs with Gina Ward (Trisha Penrose). [PAR] Derek Fowlds has had many acting roles including playing Bernard in \"Yes, Minister\". Those of you with long memories may recall his appearances with Basil Brush in the 70s. [PAR] Alf Ventress (William Simons) [PAR] Another old hand, Alf Ventress, has been in the series since the beginning. He served under Oscar Blaketon as a constable. Now retired, he works as a civilian in the Police Station and occasionally does a bit of private detective work with Oscar. [PAR] William Simons, who plays Alf Ventress, has played several policemen in his time, including roles in Bergerac and Inspector Alleyn. [PAR] Rob Walker (Jonathan Kerrigan) [PAR] Rob Walker (left) is the Aidensfield village bobby. He is the most serious copper of the three constables. Keen for promotion, he often makes Sgt Miller look slow. [PAR] Jonathan Kerrigan was formerly gay nurse, Sam Colloby, in Casualty. He has played a policeman before as he was PC Steve Traynor in Merseybeat. He has also starred in Reach for the Moon, which was filmed on the Isle of Wight, as well as Catherine Cookson's A Dinner of Herbs and the customs' drama, The Knock. [PAR] George Miller (John Duttine) [PAR] John Duttine (right) who plays Sergeant Miller was a school teacher in To Serve Them All My Days. In Heartbeat he is just as strict with the PCs Bellamy, Walker and Younger. [PAR] Geoff Younger (Steven Blakely) [PAR] PC Younger is the youngest of the bunch. As the junior he gets all the worst jobs around the station. [PAR] Other Characters [PAR] Dr Helen Walker (formerly Trent) (Sophie Ward) [PAR] It seems that Helen Trent has become the latest doctor to fall victim to the \"Aidensfield Curse\". The next one will be asking for danger money! [PAR] Helen had a romantic encounter with Rob Walker. She finally married him"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London 2014: New Openings | London Events Calendar 2014 ... London 2014: New Openings | London Events Calendar 2014 | LondonTown.com [PAR] London Events Calendar 2014 [PAR] The Sky Garden opens October 2014 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] A new indoor theatre at Shakespeare's Globe, the British Museum's \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd135 million extension, and Heston Blumenthal's new restaurant at the brand new \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd2.5 billion Heathrow Terminal 2 are just some of the exciting new launches in London in 2014 . Here Francesca Young outlines what the year has in store. [PAR] [PAR] New Theatre: Shakespeare's Globe & National Theatre [PAR] [PAR] Dorfman theatre, National Theatre, end of 2014 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Copy and paste the embed code above. [PAR] The New Year marks new beginnings for Shakespeare's Globe which opens the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse , a 350 seat indoor candlelit theatre named after its founder, on 9th January. Opening in the year of Shakespeare's 450th birthday, the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd7.5 million theatre launches with The Duchess of Malfi with Gemma Arterton in the title role, and a programme of Jacobean plays, opera, candlelit concerts and anarchic comedy follows. [PAR] The Globe is not the only London theatre getting a spruce up in 2014, also in January work will be completed on Donmar Dryden Street, a new space for the Donmar Warehouse that will bring all of the Covent Garden theatre's off-stage work under one roof for the first time. It will offer a double height rehearsal room, new education room and a rooftop extension to house a flat for visiting artists. [PAR] The Bloomsbury Theatre is undergoing a summer renovation, closing from 14th July until October 2014 when new facilities including a refurbished foyer and theatre, an additional bar, improved toilets and seating will be revealed. Access from the Gordon Street side of the building will also be improved. [PAR] Hampstead Theatre , currently enjoying a highly successful period under artistic director Edward Hall, including the West End transfer of Sunny Afternoon , will be closed to the public after the final performance of Wonderland on 26th July until September 2014 to allow for the bar and box office to be relocated, creating more spacious and relaxed public areas. [PAR] On 30th September 2014 the National Theatre 's renovated Cottesloe theatre will be renamed and reopen as the Dorfman theatre, named after Travelex founder Lloyd Dorfman whose \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd10 million donation helped to renovate the space. The improvements, including increased capacity and better sight lines, mean an extra 27,000 people each year can gain access to what are often sold-out performances, and the auditorium can be used for learning activities during the day when it would usually be empty. [PAR] Also due to be complete by the end of the year, the Lyric Hammersmith 's refurbishment project will give the building its first major facelift in 30 years, adding a two storey extension, drama, dance and recording studios, a screening room, digital playspace, and a sensory space for children. [PAR] [PAR] New Museums: British & Imperial War Museums [PAR] [PAR] World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre opens 6th March 2014 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Copy and paste the embed code above. [PAR] In March 2014, the British Museum begins opening one of the largest redevelopment projects in the museum's 260 year history. Located in the north-west corner of the museum site, the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd135 million World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre will house the museum's first purpose built temporary exhibition space - the Sainsbury Exhibitions Gallery designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour Partners - which launches on 6th March with Vikings . The rest of the centre, which houses laboratories,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biggest McDonald's in the world will be open for six weeks ... Biggest McDonald's in the world will be open for six weeks only - Mirror Online [PAR] Takeaway: The new McDonald's Olympic Park restaurant (Photo: PA) [PAR] Share [PAR] Get money updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Fast food giant McDonald\u2019s have revealed their huge restaurant on the London Olympic Park will be recycled after the Games. [PAR] The temporary restaurant, which will be the biggest McDonald\u2019s in the world, will open for six weeks during the Games and have seating for 1,500 customers. [PAR] But once the summer spectacle ends, it will be stripped down and rehoused in other outlets around the UK. [PAR] Everything from kitchen equipment to light bulbs will be reused and almost everything else will be recycled. [PAR] It is estimated that 75% of the branch will be rehoused. [PAR] View gallery [PAR] Jill McDonald, chief executive of McDonald\u2019s UK, said: \u201cLondon 2012 is set to be the most sustainable Games ever hosted and this ambition inspired us not only to fulfil our role as official restaurant in the catering operation behind the event, but also to bind sustainability into the heart of our state-of-the-art Olympic Park restaurants. [PAR] \u201cOur flagship restaurant features many of the innovations that have fuelled our transformation during the last five years to improve the customer experience and increase the efficiency of our business operations. [PAR] \u201cWe\u2019ll be serving the broadest menu we\u2019ve ever provided at an Olympic Games, thanks to the continued evolution of our menu, our longstanding British supply chain, and the technology we have in place to handle the highly complex Olympic catering challenge.\u201d [PAR] During the Olympics and Paralymics, from July 27 to September 9, three million people are expected to visit the branch. [PAR] More than 50,000 Big Mac burgers and 180,000 portions of fries will be served from the outlet in Stratford, east London. [PAR] The company will collect all the used cooking oil from the restaurant and recycle it into the special blend of biodiesel that fuels more than half of its UK delivery trucks. [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent[DOC] [TLE] World's biggest McDonald's: First pictures inside Olympic ... World's biggest McDonald's: First pictures inside Olympic Stadium fast food restaurant | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] It is one of four branches in the park, including two open to the public, one for the athletes and officials in the Olympic Village and one at the press centre. [PAR] Altogether they will serve 1.75million meals in 29 days, with Britons accounting for an estimated 85 per cent of customers. [PAR] The main restaurant will offer some of the best views across the Olympic Park from its first-floor balcony, which can seat 150 customers. [PAR] It will be staffed by 500 of its top-performing employees from 85,000 in the UK, with 200 on a shift at any one time. [PAR] Wooden: The upper floor of the restaurant, which is mostly made of recycled timber [PAR] The fries the limit: Searing inside the expansive restaurant [PAR] The global sponsor has been linked to the Olympics since 1968, when the company airlifted hamburgers to US athletes in Grenoble, France, after it was reported they were missing McDonald\u2019s food. [PAR] But the chain has been criticised for promoting the consumption of fast food at a time when people should be celebrating sports participation and healthy living. [PAR] It"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] If music be the food of love, play on - eNotes Shakespeare ... If music be the food of love, play on - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] If music be the food of love, play on [PAR] Duke Orsino: [PAR] If music be the food of love, play on, [PAR] Give me excess of it; that surfeiting, [PAR] The appetite may sicken, and so die. [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] Duke Orsino of Illyria, presiding over the merry, mixed-up world of Twelfth Night, opens the play with these festive sentiments, soured though they be by the affected airs of the melancholic lover. He has convinced himself that he's insanely in love with a wealthy and resistant lady, who is in mourning for her brother and only annoyed by Orsino's inappropriate attentions. The duke's idea of a cure for his disease is to stuff himself sick with his own passions. [PAR] Orsino's brand of self-indulgent pouting comes in for much ribbing here and elsewhere in Shakespeare, most vividly in As You Like It and Much Ado about Nothing. For melancholic poseurs like Orsino, who are actually expected to make spectacles of themselves, affecting gestures are more important than sincere emotions.[DOC] [TLE] Music in Shakespeare's Plays | Shakespeare, William ... Music in Shakespeare's Plays | Shakespeare, William | Britannica.com [PAR] If music be the food of love [PAR] \u201d [PAR] Henry Purcell\u2019s setting of Orsino\u2019s opening speech, \u201cIf music be the food of love\u201d \u2026 [PAR] It was customary in Tudor and Stuart drama to include at least one song in every play. Only the most profound tragedies, in accordance with Senecan models , occasionally eschewed all music except for the sounds of trumpets and drums. In his later tragedies, William Shakespeare defied this orthodoxy and used songs startlingly and movingly, particularly in Othello, King Lear, and Hamlet. [PAR] Dramas produced at court were invariably much more lavish than those put on by the professional companies. Casts were larger, as were the instrumental ensembles used to accompany songs and provide incidental music. Gorboduc (1561) by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton, the first English five-act drama in blank verse, used a five-part instrumental ensemble to accompany the dumb shows that introduced each act. Wit and Science (c. 1539) by John Redford provided as an interlude a composition played and sung by four allegorical characters. The sententious choirboy dramas presented at court throughout the second half of the 16th century were acted and sung by two companies, the Children of Paul\u2019s and the Gentlemen and Children of the Chapel Royal. Most of these plays included a lament to be sung by a treble voice and accompanied by a consort of viols. About eight of these pieces survive; several are sufficiently lovely to justify their dreary alliterative verse. Shakespeare parodies the genre mercilessly in the Pyramus and Thisbe interlude performed by the rustics in A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream; the blissfully absurd lament \u201c [PAR] What dreadful dole is here? [PAR] \u201d is a send-up of \u201c [PAR] \u201d a consort song that has survived into the 21st century. [PAR] The vocal music [PAR] The professional companies that put on plays in the public theatres worked with much-reduced musical resources. Normally, one boy actor could sing and perhaps play an instrument. Adult actors, especially those specializing in clown roles, sang as well. A special musical-comic genre, the jigg, was the particular domain of the great Shakespearean comedians Richard Tarlton and William Kempe . Jiggs (bawdy, half-improvised low-comedy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Walt Disney Company - Disney Wiki - Wikia The Walt Disney Company | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Walt Disney Company [PAR] The Walt Disney Logo Font [PAR] Type [PAR] Corporate Website [PAR] The Walt Disney Company (DIS) (commonly referred to as Disney) is the largest media conglomerate in the world in terms of revenue. Founded on October 16 , 1923 , by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Walt Disney Productions established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and travel. Taking on its current name in 1986 , The Walt Disney Company expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theatre, radio, publishing, and online media. In addition, it has created new divisions of the company in order to market more mature content than it typically associates with its flagship family-oriented brands. [PAR] The company is best known for the products of its film studio, the Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group , and today one of the largest and best-known studios in Hollywood . Disney also owns and operates the ABC broadcast television network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , A&E Television Networks , and Freeform ; publishing, merchandising, and theatre divisions; and owns and licenses 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6 , 1991 . An early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, Mickey Mouse , is the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Corporate history [PAR] 1923\u20131928: The silent era [PAR] In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri animator Walt Disney created a short film entitled Alice's Wonderland, which featured child actress Virginia Davis interacting with animated characters. Film distributor Margaret J. Winkler contacted Disney with plans to distribute a whole series of Alice Comedies based upon Alice's Wonderland. The contract signed, Walt and his brother Roy Disney moved to Los Angeles. On October 16, 1923, they officially set up shop in their uncle Robert Disney's garage, marking the beginning of the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. Within a few months, the company moved into the back of a realty office in downtown Los Angeles, where production continued on the Alice Comedies until 1927 . In 1926 , the studio moved to a newly constructed studio facility on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district of Los Angeles. [PAR] After the demise of the Alice comedies, Disney developed an all-cartoon series starring his first original character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit , which was distributed by Winkler Pictures through Universal Pictures . Disney only completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, when Winkler's husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. Mintz hired away all of Disney's animators except Ub Iwerks to start his own animation studio. [PAR] 1928\u20131934: Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies [PAR] In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks created Mickey Mouse . Disney's first sound film Steamboat Willie , a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18, 1928. It was the third Mickey Mouse cartoon, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho . It was also the first cartoon to feature synchronized sound. Disney used Pat Powers' Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forest's Phonofilm system. Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Moss's Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. [PAR] Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mickey Mouse - The Disney Wiki - Wikia Mickey Mouse | The Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Walt Disney, Ub Iwerks [PAR] Voiced by [PAR] Walt Disney (1928\u20131947) Jimmy MacDonald (1947\u20131977) Wayne Allwine (1977\u20132009)[3] Bret Iwan (2009\u2013present) [PAR] Mickey Mouse is a cartoon character who has become an icon for the Walt Disney Company . Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks [1] . He was voiced by Walt Disney from 1928\u20131946 theatrically, and again from 1955\u20131959 for the original ABC TV The Mickey Mouse Club , Daily's Pets television series. The Walt Disney Company celebrates his birth as November 18, 1928, upon the release of Steamboat Willie , [2] although Mickey had already appeared six months earlier in an unfinished test screening of Plane Crazy [3] (Steamboat Willie being the first Mickey Mouse Cartoon to be released). The anthropomorphic mouse has evolved from being simply a character in animated cartoons and comic strips to become one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. Mickey is currently the main character in the Disney Channel 's Disney Junior series \" Mickey Mouse Clubhouse \". Mickey is the leader of The Mickey Mouse Clubhouse , with help from Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, and other friendly friends of his. [PAR] In late 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced that they will begin to re-brand the Mickey Mouse character by putting a little less emphasis on his pleasant, cheerful side and reintroducing the more mischievous and adventurous sides of his personality, [4] starting with the newly released Epic Mickey . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Mickey Mouse was created as a replacement for Oswald the Lucky Rabbit , an earlier cartoon character created by the Disney studio for Charles Mintz of Universal Studios . [5] [PAR] When Disney asked for a larger amount for his budget for the popular Oswald series, Mintz announced that Disney could keep doing the Oswald series, as long as he agreed to a budget cut and went on the payroll. Mintz owned Oswald and thought he had Disney over a barrel. Angrily, Disney refused the deal and returned to produce the final Oswald cartoons he contractually owed Mintz. Disney was dismayed at the betrayal by his staff, but determined to restart from scratch. The new Disney Studio initially consisted of animator Ub Iwerks and a loyal apprentice artist, Les Clark . One lesson Disney learned from the experience was to thereafter always make sure that he owned all rights to the characters produced by his company. [PAR] In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar . (A male frog, also rejected, would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series.) [1] Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from his old pet mouse he used to have on his farm. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. [1] \" Mortimer Mouse \" had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. [6] [7] Actor Mickey Rooney has claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fantasound - Disney Wiki - Wikia Fantasound | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Origins [PAR] Walt Disney's cartoon character Mickey Mouse entered a decline in popularity in the mid 1930s. Disney devised a comeback appearance for Mickey in 1936 with The Sorcerer's Apprentice, a more elaborate edition of the animated Silly Symphonies series set to the music of L'apprenti sorcier by Paul Dukas . Disney met conductor Leopold Stokowski in late 1937 at Chasen's, a noted Hollywood restaurant, and Stokowski agreed to conduct the piece at no cost. Stokowski was an enthusiast for new and improved methods of sound reproduction and had already participated in experimental stereophonic sound recordings in 1931 and 1932 , and a live, long distance demonstration of multi-channel sound a year later. [PAR] In January 1938 , over 100 musicians assembled at Culver Studios in California for the recording of the nine-minute Dukas piece. The plan was to create a multi-track recording that allowed the separation of sound channels which would allow the dynamic balance of the music to be adjusted on reproduction. To increase reverberation, the stage was altered acoustically with five double plywood partitions that separated the sections of the orchestra. Although a satisfactory recording was made, the musicians could not hear the other instruments clearly enough and this affected the tempo of the piece. Poor control over the separation of low frequency sounds presented a further problem on playback of the music. [PAR] As production costs for The Sorcerer's Apprentice surpassed $125,000, it became clear to Disney that it would not recoup costs as a short. In February 1938, he decided to expand the concept and start on a feature-length film consisting of several animated segments named The Concert Feature. The title was changed to Fantasia at the suggestion of Stokowski. [PAR] Recording the Fantasia soundtrack (1939) [PAR] In January 1939, Stokowski signed an 18-month contract with Disney to conduct the remaining pieces for Fantasia. Fascinated with the rich sound he heard at Culver Studios, Disney felt the conventional sound systems at the time sounded too tinny and inadequate for the experience he wanted Fantasia to be. \"We know...that music emerging from one speaker behind the screen sounds thin, tinkly and strainy. We wanted to reproduce such beautiful masterpieces...so that audiences would feel as though they were standing at the podium with Stokowski\", he said. The goal was to reproduce a full symphony orchestra with its normal volume range and acoustic output in the theatre. The set-up used for the recording of The Sorcerer's Apprentice was abandoned, and it was decided to record with the Philadelphia Orchestra, which Stokowski had directed from 1912 to 1938, at the Academy of Music concert hall in Philadelphia, the orchestra's home known for its good acoustics. Almost half of the 110 musicians were graduates of the city's Curtis Institute of Music school. [PAR] The recording for Fantasia began in April 1939 for seven weeks. In the sessions, 33 microphones placed around the orchestra captured the music which was transferred onto eight optical recording machines located in the hall's basement. Several safety measures were enforced to prevent the risk of fire as the Academy was constructed of wood. A maximum of 18 rolls of raw nitrate film stock were allowed in the venue at any one time, with a film delivery truck parked outside the hall being converted into a storage unit for a sufficient quantity of film.Six of the channels recorded different sections of the orchestra which provided a \"close-up\" of the instruments \u2013 cellos and basses, violins,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Disneyland's Grand Opening - THE ORIGINAL - Fifteen Years ... Disneyland's Grand Opening [PAR] Store [PAR] After years of planning, Walt Disney's very first theme park Disneyland opened its gates at 2:30PM on Sunday July 17, 1955 in Anaheim, California. Television crews, Art Linkletter, Ronald Reagan, Bob Cummings, the Mouseketeers, Thurl Ravenscroft, California Governor Goodwin J. Knight and over 28,000 guests witnessed the opening of Walt's dream. Broadcast on ABC at 4:30PM, it was the biggest live telecast to date. [PAR] Eighteen-year-old Bob Penfield operated the King Arthur Carousel that day - he was suppose to operate Peter Pan's Flight, but the attraction kept breaking down. \"On Opening Day I remember standing on the Carrousel when they lowered the drawbridge for the first time and all of the kids came running across.\" Penfield went on to become the longest working Cast Member in Disneyland history! [PAR] Charlie Ridgway, a reporter working for the Los Angeles Mirror-News was covering the opening of Disneyland on that hot July day. He later went on to work for Disney as a publicist before relocating to Orlando, Florida to run Disney's public-relations department for [PAR] thirty years! [PAR] Actor Ronald Reagan (who would later become president of the United States) introduced 53-year-old Walt Disney - \"And now, Walt Disney will step forward to read the dedication of Disneyland.\" Walt christened his 160-acre park with these now famous words (penned by Winston Hibler): [PAR] The park offered 5 themed lands with a total of 18 attractions . Disneyland [PAR] opened as invitation only on this day, given to studio workers, construction workers, the press and officials [PAR] of company sponsors. (The park opened to the general public the following day - July 18 .) Because tickets to the [PAR] grand opening were counterfeited, a surprising 28,000-plus attended. The day was marked by numerous disasters, including a traffic jam, a shortage of food, and a gas leak in Fantasyland. Even a chunk of window from the Mark Twain Steamboat crashed on the head of an invited state senator! Disneyland encouraged visitors to arrive before 4:15PM, as during the live ABC telecast the park's gates were closed from 4:20PM to 5:30PM. [PAR] Cast Member Ron Dominguez was working as a ticket taker at Disneyland's main gate. \"I was a Ticker Taker. Opening Day was a hectic day. The plan was to invite people at different hours so that we could spread out all of the arrivals. But it didn't work out that way. Everyone wanted to come out early to see the stars.\" Dominguez would spend his entire career at the park eventually becoming a top executive (between 1971-1994). Ironically he grew up on one of the Anaheim orange groves later purchased by Disney for the theme park. The Dominguez family house was located just about where the entrance to the Pirates of the Caribbean is! [PAR] Celebrities visiting Disneyland that day included Frank Sinatra, Jerry Lewis, Sammy Davis Jr., Danny Thomas, Debbie Reynolds and Eddie Fisher. [PAR] July 17, 1955 was known by Disneyland old-timers as [PAR] \"Black Sunday\" (because of the numerous mishaps) [PAR] ... yet in those first 7 weeks more than a million [PAR] people walked down Disneyland's Main Street USA! [PAR] OPENING DAY [PAR] OPENING OF [PAR] DISNEYLAND [PAR] Nine-year-old Bonnie Williams was an opening day guests because her church youth group was invited. She was among the first children to cross the drawbridge into Fantasyland and ride Disneyland's rides! \"I remember seeing Walt,\" she says. \"He looked like a giant. I told him, 'I saw you on TV!' The whole"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clauses : Noun Clauses : What's in a Name ? - Fact Monster Clauses: Noun Clauses: What's in a Name? [PAR] Adjective Clauses: Paint by Numbers [PAR] Noun Clauses: What's in a Name? [PAR] Not to be left out of the fun, nouns also have their own clause. Just as you would expect, a noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun. Because it functions as a noun, this clause can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, predicate nominative, or appositive. For instance: [PAR] No one understands why experience is something you don't get until just after you need it. [PAR] The noun clause \u201cwhy experience is something you don't get until just after you need it\u201d functions as a direct object. [PAR] Where the candy bar is hidden remains a mystery. [PAR] The noun clause \u201cwhere the candy bar is hidden\u201d functions as the subject of the sentence. [PAR] You Could Look It Up [PAR] A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun. [PAR] The instructor gave whoever got their papers in early extra credit. [PAR] The noun clause \u201cwhoever got their papers in early\u201d functions as an indirect object. [PAR] Connect the Dots [PAR] Clauses can also be used to express comparisons. When such clauses imply some of the words rather than state them outright, you have created an elliptical clause. The name \u201celliptical\u201d comes from the word ellipsis, which means \u201comission.\u201d For example: [PAR] The other members of the demonstration were as angry as I. [PAR] Insert the missing word was after \u201cI.\u201d [PAR] The social climber feared the judgment of the decorator more than the cost of the project. [PAR] Insert the missing subject and verb \u201che (or she) feared\u201d after the word than. [PAR] You Could Look It Up [PAR] Elliptical clauses intentionally omit words for conciseness. [PAR] Elliptical clauses come in different flavors: adverb, adjective, and noun. Here's how you can recognize them. [PAR] Type of Clause [PAR] Subject, verb, or the second half of the comparison [PAR] Danger, Will Robinson [PAR] Because elliptical clauses are missing words, there's a danger that they might not convey your meaning. As you write, say the word or words you are leaving out to make sure your clauses are clear. [PAR] The mark of punctuation called an ellipsis is three spaced dots (\u2026). It's used to show that something has been intentionally omitted from a sentence. Elliptical clauses don't use the three spaced dots of the ellipsis; instead, the elliptical clause just swipes the name of the ellipsis and adopts its function in the way it structures a sentence by omitting certain words. [PAR] Elliptical clauses help create concise writing and speech. In these days when many people have a lot to say but say little, we want to support the use of the elliptical clause as much as possible. [PAR] Getting Down and Dirty [PAR] Time for fun, Gentle Reader. Knowing how to identify clauses is important, but it's even more important that you know how to use them to create precise and graceful sentences. Try it now. Combine each pair of clauses to eliminate unnecessary words and express the meaning more clearly. There are several different ways to combine each sentence. If you're stumped, I've given you a hint in parenthesis at the end of each pair of sentences. [PAR] 1. I found the book. I need the book. (that) [PAR] ____________________________________________________________________ [PAR] Dopey is the only one of the seven dwarfs who does not have a beard. [PAR] The friend"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walt Disney, 65, Dies on Coast; Founded an Empire on a Mouse Walt Disney, 65, Dies on Coast; Founded an Empire on a Mouse [PAR] Walt Disney, 65, Dies on Coast; Founded an Empire on a Mouse [PAR] Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES [PAR] Los Angeles, Dec. 15--Walt Disney, who built his whimsical cartoon world of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs into a $100-million-a-year entertainment empire, died in St. Joseph's Hospital here this morning. He was 65 years old. [PAR] His death, at 9:35 A.M., was attributed to acute circulatory collapse. He had undergone surgery at the hospital a month ago for the removal of a lung tumor that was discovered after he entered the hospital for treatment of an old neck injury received in a polo match. On Nov. 30 he re-entered the hospital for a \"post-operative checkup.\" [PAR] Just before his last illness, Mr. Disney was supervising the construction of a new Disneyland in Florida, a ski resort in Sequoia National Forest and the renovation of the 10-year-old Disneyland at Anaheim. His motion-picture studio was turning out six new productions and several television shows and he was spearheading the development of the vast University of the Arts, called Cal Art, now under construction here. [PAR] Although Mr. Disney held no formal title at Walt Disney Productions, he was in direct charge of the company and was deeply involved in all its operations. Indeed, with the recent decision of Jack L. Warner to sell his interest in the Warner Brothers studio, Mr. Disney was the last of Hollywood's veteran moviemakers who remained in personal control of a major studio. [PAR] Roy Disney, Walt Disney's 74-year-old brother, who is president and chairman of Walt Disney Productions and who directs its financial operations, said: [PAR] \"We will continue to operate Walt's company in the way that he had established and guided it. All of the plans for the future that Walt had begun will continue to move ahead.\" [PAR] Besides his brother, Mr. Disney is survived by his widow, Lillian, two daughters, Mrs. Ron Miller and Mrs. Robert Brown. [PAR] A private funeral service will be held at a time to be announced. [PAR] Weaver of Fantasies [PAR] From his fertile imagination and industrious factory of drawing boards, Walt Elias Disney fashioned the most popular movie stars ever to come from Hollywood and created one of the most fantastic entertainment empires in history. [PAR] In return for the happiness he supplied, the world lavished wealth and tributes upon him. He was probably the only man in Hollywood to have been praised by both the American Legion and the Soviet Union. [PAR] Where any other Hollywood producer would have been happy to get one Academy Award--the highest honor in American movies--Mr. Disney smashed all records by accumulating 29 Oscars. [PAR] \"We're selling corn,\" Mr. Disney once told a reporter, \"and I like corn.\" [PAR] David Low, the late British political cartoonist, called him \"the most significant figure in graphic arts since Leonardo.\" [PAR] Mr. Disney went from seven-minute animated cartoons to become the first man to mix animation with live action, and he pioneered in making feature-length cartoons. His nature films were almost as popular as his cartoons, and eventually he expanded into feature-length movies using only live actors. [PAR] The most successful of his non-animated productions, \"Mary Poppins,\" released in 1964, has already grossed close to $50-million. It also won an Oscar for Julie Andrews in the title role. [PAR] From a small garage-studio, the Disney enterprise grew into one of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Toy Story - Disney Wiki - Wikia Toy Story | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Plot [PAR] The film begins with a young boy named Andy Davis playing with his toys, such as a Mr. Potato Head toy, Slinky Dog , a plastic dinosaur named Rex and his favorite toy, Woody , a cowboy doll. He pretends Potato Head is a villain for which Woody must try to defeat. He takes Woody into the living room and plays with him some more, with a short interruption talking to his mother about his birthday party later that day and the upcoming move to a new house. After playing with Woody, Andy starts helping his mother by taking his baby sister, Molly , to her. While he's away, all of the toys come to life. [PAR] The party makes all the toys extremely nervous, wondering if Andy will get a toy that will replace them. Woody sends the small green soldiers led by Sarge downstairs to spy on the party. At the end of the party, his mother pulls out a surprise gift from behind her, which turns out to be a Buzz Lightyear action figure in spaceship packaging. Andy and his friends run upstairs to open him and in his hurry, Andy knocks Woody off the bed. They quickly leave, and the other toys welcome the newcomer. Buzz, however, doesn't seem to be aware that he is a piece of plastic, believing himself to be the actual Buzz Lightyear on a mission to save the universe from Evil Emperor Zurg . The other toys take to him immediately, being impressed by his many features. Only Woody is unconvinced, showing jealousy towards Buzz, who might replace him as Andy's favorite toy. As time passes, Andy replaces many of his cowboy themed room decorations with space ones, causing Woody's resentment to rise while Buzz attempts to fix his \"damaged spaceship\" (in reality, a piece of the packaging had been torn). [PAR] Some time later, Mrs. Davis takes Andy and Molly on a trip to the space-themed Pizza Planet restaurant. Andy asks if he can bring any toys, and she agrees to let him take only one. Woody, knowing Andy will choose Buzz, plans to trap him in a gap behind Andy's desk by using RC so Andy won't find him. However, the plan goes badly wrong and instead Woody knocks him out the window by accident after RC misses its mark. When the other toys, especially Mr. Potato Head had learn of Woody's actions, most of them think Woody tried to kill Buzz out of jealousy. They then try to attack him, but Woody is rescued when Andy, unable to find Buzz, takes Woody on the trip instead. At a stop at a Dinoco gas station to refuel the car, Woody (after pondering how he's going to convince the toys that the whole thing was an accident) finds that Buzz grabbed ahold of the family's minivan and is with them. After a conversation, they begin to fight, knocking each other out of the minivan, and are left behind when it drives away which leads to an argument. Woody convinces Buzz to hitch a lift on a Pizza Planet truck in order to return to Andy. [PAR] Woody finds Andy there, but Buzz, still thinking he's a real space ranger, climbs into a toy crane game, thinking that it's a spaceship that will take him to Emperor Zurg's location. Woody goes in after him, but they eventually are found by Sid Phillips , who lives"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Family Guy - [adult swim] wiki - Wikia Family Guy | [adult swim] wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [[Image: [PAR] |center|280px]] [PAR] Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company (With reruns on Adult Swim TBS and other broadcast syndication). The series centers on the Griffins, a dysfunctional family consisting of parents Peter and Lois ; their children Meg , Chris , and Stewie ; and their anthropomorphic pet dog Brian . The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog , Rhode Island , and exhibits much of its humor in the form of cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . [PAR] The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films, The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve . MacFarlane redesigned the films' protagonist, Larry, and his dog, Steve, and renamed them Peter and Brian, respectively. MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox on May 15, 1998. The show was given the green light and started production. Shortly after the third season of Family Guy aired in 2001, Fox canceled the series. However, favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004. [PAR] Family Guy has been nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards , and has won three of each. In 2009, it was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series , the first time an animated series was nominated for the award since The Flintstones in 1961. Family Guy has also received criticism, including unfavorable comparisons for its similarities to The Simpsons . [PAR] Many tie-in media have been released, including Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story , a straight-to-DVD special released in 2005; Family Guy: Live in Vegas , a soundtrack-DVD combo released in 2005, featuring music from the show as well as original music created by MacFarlane and Walter Murphy ; a video game and pinball machine , released in 2006 and 2007, respectively; since 2005, six books published by Harper Adult based on the Family Guy universe; and Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy (2010), a series of parodies of the original Star Wars trilogy . In 2008, MacFarlane confirmed that the cast was interested in producing a feature film and that he was working on a story for a film adaptation. A spin-off series, The Cleveland Show , premiered on September 27, 2009, as a part of the \" Animation Domination \" lineup on Fox. The eighth season of Family Guy premiered the same night. Family Guy holds a TV-PG and TV-14 rating, with the latter being used more often. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Origins [PAR] MacFarlane initially conceived Family Guy in 1995 while studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). [1] During college, he created his thesis film entitled The Life of Larry , [1] which was submitted by his professor at RISD to Hanna-Barbera . MacFarlane was hired by the company. [2] In 1996 MacFarlane created a sequel to The Life of Larry entitled Larry and Steve, which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve; the short was broadcast in 1997 as one of Cartoon Network 's World Premiere Toons. [1] [PAR] Executives at Fox saw the Larry shorts and contracted MacFarlane to create a series, entitled Family Guy, based on the characters. [3] Fox proposed MacFarlane complete a 15-minute short, and gave him a budget of $50,000. [4] Several aspects of Family Guy were inspired by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Spam Is Called Spam - Flixxy.com Why Spam Is Called Spam [PAR] Wiki: History of Spamming [PAR] Flixxy editors search the internet daily, to find the very best videos for you: [PAR] SELECTION: From the 1 billion videos uploaded to YouTube daily, Flixxy editors selects only 3-5 videos to be added to the site daily. [PAR] PG RATING: Flixxy videos and comments are all PG rated. They are \"Safe For All Ages\" and \"Safe For Work\". All content is \u201cuplifting\u201d. [PAR] SELECTED START AND END POINTS: Many of Flixxy\u2019s videos start late or end early. We skip lengthy introductions and get to the point. [PAR] CONCISE CAPTION AND DESCRIPTION: We know your time is valuable, so we distill the information down to what you need to know. [PAR] FREE DAILY NEWSLETTER: Get the latest videos delivered to your inbox by subscribing to the free \"Video of the Day\" newsletter here .[DOC] [TLE] Spam | Define Spam at Dictionary.com Spam | Define Spam at Dictionary.com [PAR] Spam [PAR] a canned food product consisting especially of pork formed into a solid block. [PAR] noun [PAR] 2. [PAR] (lowercase) Digital Technology. disruptive online messages, especially commercial messages posted on a computer network or sent as email. [PAR] verb (used with object), spammed, spamming. [PAR] 3. [PAR] (lowercase) Digital Technology. to send spam to. [PAR] 4. [PAR] (lowercase) Digital Technology. to execute (an action) or use (an item) rapidly or repeatedly in a video game: [PAR] Spam the attack button as soon as the fight begins. [PAR] verb (used without object), spammed, spamming. [PAR] 5. [PAR] (lowercase) Digital Technology. to send spam. [PAR] Origin of Spam [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1990-1995 [PAR] (def 1) sp(iced) + (h)am 1; (other defs.) 1990-95; probably referring to a comedy routine on Monty Python's Flying Circus, British TV series, in which the word Spam is used repeatedly [PAR] Related forms [PAR] Examples from the Web for Spam [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] Facing accusations of censorship, Yahoo quickly explained the problem \u201cwas not intentional & caught by our Spam filters.\u201d [PAR] Sex in the Time of GPS Clark Harding January 31, 2010 [PAR] Eastwood then proceeds to step into his kitchen and talk to a can of Spam. [PAR] Little Brother Cory Doctorow [PAR] Now, take a ton of email that's not Spam -- in the biz, they call that \"ham\" -- and do the same. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Spam [PAR] Expand [PAR] verb spams, spamming, spammed [PAR] 1. [PAR] to send unsolicited electronic mail or text messages simultaneously to a number of e-mail addresses or mobile phones [PAR] noun [PAR] unsolicited electronic mail or text messages sent in this way [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] spammer, noun [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C20: from the repeated use of the word Spam in a popular sketch from the British television show Monty Python's Flying Circus, first broadcast in 1969 [PAR] Spam [PAR] trademark a kind of tinned luncheon meat, made largely from pork [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for Spam [PAR] Expand [PAR] spam [PAR] n. [PAR] proprietary name registered by Geo. A. Hormel & Co. in U.S., 1937; probably a conflation of spiced ham. Soon extended to other kinds of canned meat. In the sense of \"Internet junk mail\" it was coined by Usenet users after March 31, 1993, when Usenet administrator Richard Depew inadvertently posted the same message 200 times"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fisher King | Robbins Library Digital Projects The Fisher King | Robbins Library Digital Projects [PAR] The Fisher King in Film [PAR] The mysterious Fisher King is a character of the Arthurian tradition, and his story may sound familiar: suffering from wounds, the Fisher King depends for his healing on the successful completion of the hero's task. There are many different versions of the story of the Fisher King, and the character is not represented uniformly in every text. In the medieval period, Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes' Percival makes him a completely ambiguous figure, while Wolfram von Eschenbach provides him an elaborate background in his Parzival. The Vulgate Cycle expands the Fisher King into multiple Maimed Kings, each suffering from some type of wound; yet Thomas Malory virtually ignores the Fisher King in his Morte Darthur. Modern texts treat the Fisher King less as a character and more as a motif: T. S. Eliot incorporates the motif of the Fisher King into the desolated modern city and its people in his poem, The Waste Land; in other modern texts, the Fisher King is embodied in a Vietnam War veteran, children in search of their fathers' identities, and the baseball coach of a team on a hopeless losing streak. The Fisher King also appears in various films, from Eric Rohmer's adaptation of Chr\u00e9tien's Perceval to Terry Gilliam's buddy comedy, The Fisher King. In every version of the story, though, the Fisher King is completely helpless and depends on another to alleviate his suffering. [PAR] Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes' Perceval [PAR] As a literary character, the Fisher King originates in Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes' Perceval. The reader first encounters the Fisher King when Perceval meets a fisherman who offers Perceval lodging. In his castle, the fisherman reveals himself to be a king who is weak and bedridden, and yet has such an abundance of wealth that he can provide his guest a grand feast. During the feast, Perceval witnesses a Grail Procession but fails to ask his host any questions pertaining to what he sees. As a result, all the inhabitants of the castle disappear the next morning (Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes 32-37). [PAR] The fisherman is later said to be the rich Fisher King who \"was wounded in a battle and completely crippled, so that he's helpless now, for he was struck by a javelin through both his thighs; and he still suffers from it so much that he can't mount a horse. But when he wants to engage in some pleasure and sport he has himself placed in a boat and goes fishing with a hook\" (38). His healing depends on Perceval and his asking of the necessary Grail questions, such as \"who does the Grail serve?\" and \"what is the meaning of the Bleeding Lance?\" (38-39). This description, of a suffering king who depends for his healing on another person, becomes the prototype for all variations of the Fisher King in literature. [PAR] In Chr\u00e9tien's Perceval, there appears to be confusion between the Fisher King and his father, who may or may not be a Grail King: [PAR] And I believe the rich Fisher King is the son of the king who is served from the grail . . . he's served with a single host which is brought to him in that grail. It comforts and sustains his life\u2014the grail is such a holy thing. And he, who is so spiritual that he needs no more in his life than the host that comes in the grail, has lived there for twelve years without ever leaving the chamber which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 8) What do you understand by nudging concept - which is ... 8) What do you understand by nudging concept - which is used in economics, political theory and behavioural science? Discuss the ethical issues arising out of nudging. - INSIGHTS [PAR] Keep up..! [PAR] Aravind Varier [PAR] Nudging concept refers to the practice of bringing in the attention of people for any particular reason by the person who initiates the nudge . Exercising Nudge is frequently found in the field of economies , political theory and behavioral science which is marred by ethical issues as discussed below : [PAR] 1) The first common ethical issue is of AUTHENTICITY which can be cited by an example [PAR] (a) economics \u2013 of an advertisement which do not convey the actual intent of the product . [PAR] (b) political theory \u2013 certain statements made by politicians during election campaigns can be out of vague reasoning . [PAR] (c) behavioral science- the basic facial expression in humans in replying for a query in do convey the actual intention . [PAR] The second ethical issue involved is of PRIVACY which can be illustrated by the example [PAR] (a) economics -financial companies luring the customer by attractive offers which is followed by asking personal details which can be misapplied . [PAR] (b) political theory \u2013 AADHAAR card which is promoted by the government rigorously as can be misused by agencies without proper checks on its misuse . [PAR] (c) behavioral science \u2013 The subjugation of our body and mind of a person to a GOD MAN due to their influence which can transgress the privacy of the individual . [PAR] The third ethical issue involved is of EMOTIONAL DISTRESS on the individual who gets enticed by the nudge and later understand the actual truth about it as explained by examples from respective fields . [PAR] (a) economics \u2013 the loss of money in share market due to nudge by lucrative offers of a company can ruin the person emotionally [PAR] (b) political theory \u2013 not giving due recognition by the high command to the work rendered party workers for their efforts in bringing party to the power can make the workers downhearted due to the non fulfillment of the promise . [PAR] (c) behavioral science \u2013 Give hope to a person as a nudge and non fulfillment leads to mental agony in the person . [PAR] Since , humans always have the inquisitive to know the unknown , nudges can be used as signals to create interest in a particular area . It create a positive impact in the society, if they are properly used by the person initiating it . [PAR] Night thinker !! [PAR] thank you for the appreciation night thinker \ud83d\ude42 [PAR] Harsh (Learning Unlimited!!!) [PAR] cool answer buddy ,you covered almost all dimensions\u2026. [PAR] plz review mine too [PAR] Mrinal Mukherjee [PAR] Great points Aravind .. Also include the issue of BIAS that may arise due to nudging.They can be : [PAR] Economics : Endorsing a top notch celebrity for marketing a product.So say , Amitabh Bachann for Gujarat tourism might witness more influx of tourists as compared to some other state. [PAR] Political :Before elections, taking more slots of advertisement for party propaganda by a political heavyweight sidelines the share of those who aren\u2019t that prominent but equally good [PAR] Behavioral Science : Bootlicking by a person to be in somebody\u2019s good books [PAR] Aravind Varier [PAR] you are correct mrinal \ud83d\ude42 [PAR] In economics point that you have suggested : amitabh bachchan example of becoming a brand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to fcsnooker - Snooker Coaching with Frank Callan ... Welcome to fcsnooker - Snooker Coaching with Frank Callan - 'Snooker World Champions - The Embassy Years' [PAR] fcsnooker - Top Quality Snooker Coaching and Instruction in association with Mr Frank Callan - General Interest - [PAR] \"Snooker World Champions - The Embassy Years\" [PAR] The 'Embassy' World Championships - Year by Year [PAR] 1976 - Winner Ray Reardon [PAR] In 1976 the final of the first embassy world championships was played in Manchester at the Wythenshaw arena. [PAR] Ray Reardon was up against self-professed, \"peoples champion\" Alex \"Hurricane\" Higgins. Reardon won easily after Higgins conceded the match in the penultimate session after missing an easy pink. [PAR] With Higgins conceding the frame and match early, the last session was not played. [PAR] 1977 - Winner John Spencer [PAR] In this year the tournament moved to Sheffield and was to be played at the Crucible Theatre for the very first time. [PAR] The final was contested between John Spencer and Canadian Cliff Thorburn, with Spencer winning 25 -21. [PAR] 1978 - Winner Ray Reardon [PAR] After dominating the game of snooker in the 1970's Ray Reardon won his sixth and last world title against left handed Perry Manns in 1978. [PAR] This followed earlier wins in 1970, 73, 74, 75 and 1976. [PAR] 1979 - Winner Terry Griffiths [PAR] After a hard fought victory over Eddie Charlton in the semi-finals, Griffith's made the now famous quote \"I'm in the final now\". [PAR] Facing him was Irishman Dennis Taylor, but after another close game Griffith's emerged triumphant to collect the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd10,000 first prize. [PAR] 1980 - Winner Cliff Thorburn [PAR] Fondly remembered as the year of the grinder, this final was a classic mix of styles. Featuring Cliff Thorburn against Alex Higgins, the match combined Thorburn's tactical ability and safety play, with Higgin's natural potting and bravado. [PAR] An excellent final, saw Thorburn keep his nerve to win 18 - 16. Many wondered if Higgins would ever be world champion again. [PAR] 1981 - Winner Steve Davis [PAR] The 1980's began an era of domination by Steve Davis. Over the course of the next 9 years, Davis would feature in eight finals, winning six. [PAR] The Davis era began here, when Davis convincingly beat Doug Mountjoy, 18 -12. [PAR] 1982 - Winner Alex Higgins [PAR] In 1982 the final was contested between two of the most famous names in snooker history, and also two men playing in their last Embassy final, Ray Reardon and Alex Higgins. [PAR] Higgins proved too strong for Reardon and a 135 clearance in the final frame meant he was champion again, a full ten years after his first win. This prompted the memorable scenes of Higgins calling for his wife and daughter in an emotional aftermath to victory. [PAR] 1983 - Winner Steve Davis [PAR] After his shock exit in 1982 to Tony Knowles, Steve Davis was determined to regain his place at the forefront of the game. [PAR] In the final however, he was up against 1980 champion Cliff Thorburn still celebrating a 147 total clearance in an earlier round against Terry Griffiths. The first televised 147 in Crucible history. [PAR] The final was somewhat of an anti-climax with Davis winning comfortably against a strangely subdued Thorburn. [PAR] 1984 - Winner Steve Davis [PAR] In 1984, Steve Davis went on to win his third title in four years against the magic of Jimmy \"Whirlwind\" White. [PAR] Davis totally dominated the first session and the match looked as good as over. Jimmy, with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Liberty bell- Iconic Symbol of American Independence ... Liberty bell- Iconic Symbol of American Independence. - Picture of Liberty Bell Center, Philadelphia - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] Liberty bell- Iconic Symbol of American Independence. - Picture of Liberty Bell Center, Philadelphia [PAR] 6th Street, Between Market and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19106 [PAR] Recommended length of visit: <1 hour [PAR] Fee: No [PAR] Though it can no longer be rung, the bell remains a lasting American... [PAR] read more [PAR] Though it can no longer be rung, the bell remains a lasting American symbol of freedom. [PAR] Book In Advance [PAR] 90 Minute Historic Walking Tour of Philadelphia in English or German [PAR] See All Tours on Viator [PAR] Other Recent Reviews [PAR] \u201cMy Tour 2014\u201d [PAR] Reviewed September 29, 2014 [PAR] The very famous Liberty Bell \u2013an iconic symbol of American Independence, is securely kept in the Independence Hall museum of Philadelphia- Pennsylvania State. There we found a very long cue towards the independence hall museum. Tight security check also we can notice there. The huge bell is placed in a very secure area of a large hall of independence museum.... More [PAR] Helpful?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mere Lodge Malvern Mere Lodge Holiday Cottage. Self catering accommodation Malvern Hills Worcestershire [PAR] Welcome to Mere Lodge. Nr Malvern. Worcestershire. [PAR] Two bed holiday self catering holiday accommodation to let with views of Malvern Hills in Worcestershire. [PAR] Mere Lodge is a brand new two-bedroom, nicely appointed log cabin in a very quiet location on the outskirts of the village of Hanley Swan near Malvern in Worcestershire. [PAR] The view from the lodge overlooks open countryside towards the beautiful Malvern Hills which themselves are situated on the border of three counties (Worcestershire, Herefordshire and Gloucestershire); they offer spectacular views over those counties and over to Wales. [PAR] Just 2 Kms distant is the famous Three Counties Showground home to many famous events and exhibitions held throughout the year. [PAR] The lodge is also ideally placed to discover the heart of England, the Cotswolds, Cheltenham, Stratford, Hereford and Worcester although the nearest town is Great Malvern - the famous Victorian spa town and home of Malvern Spring water. [PAR] Malvern offers a variety of shops and restaurants, interesting history and buildings, also theatre and cinema, pool and health spa. [PAR] The lodge is situated in the midst of a truly agricultural area, with many local places of interest close by, details of which are available in the lodge on your arrival. [PAR] The area is famed for its walks both gentle and strenuous, in and around the hills, and for the world-famous Elgar route; it is said that Sir Edward Elgar found the inspiration for many of his musical themes in the area and the route follows some of these. [PAR] We have one guest and no members online [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2013 www.MereLodge-Malvern.co.uk. All Rights Reserved. [PAR] Web design & SEO by www.joomla-web-solutions.co.uk"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Curry | British figure skater | Britannica.com John Curry | British figure skater | Britannica.com [PAR] British figure skater [PAR] Alternative Title: John Anthony Curry [PAR] John Curry [PAR] Christopher Dean [PAR] John Curry, in full John Anthony Curry (born September 9, 1949, Birmingham , England \u2014died April 15, 1994, Binton, Warwickshire, England), English figure skater who redefined the sport with his elegant balletic style. Known as \u201cthe Nureyev of the ice,\u201d he won the gold medal at the 1976 Olympic Games in Innsbruck, Austria. [PAR] John Curry (U.K.), 1976. [PAR] Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images [PAR] Curry had an early interest in ballet , but his father would not allow him to take dance lessons because he felt dance was effeminate. Curry began skating at age seven, however, because his father considered ice skating a sport. Combining graceful athleticism and innovative choreography, he was the British national champion in 1971 and from 1973 to 1976. He moved to the United States in 1973, where he trained with Carlo Fassi . For the first time, Curry was able to devote himself fully to skating, thanks to financial help from an American sponsor. [PAR] In 1976 Curry reached the pinnacle of his amateur career, winning the British national, European, and world titles, as well as the gold medal at the Olympics. Although his earlier performances had been criticized for lacking the more athletic and daring moves expected in men\u2019s figure skating, Curry included three triples in his Olympic program. As a result, seven of the nine judges placed Curry first, with the Soviet and Canadian judges placing him second, for Great Britain\u2019s first gold medal in figure skating. Later that year, Curry was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire . [PAR] After winning the world title, Curry turned professional. He formed his own touring company, working with such ballet choreographers as Twyla Tharp , Kenneth MacMillan, and Peter Martins . In 1978 he established a skating school in New York City . Diagnosed with AIDS , he retired from the sport in 1991. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] (Don't Fear) The Reaper - Blue \u00d6yster Cult (1976) - YouTube (Don't Fear) The Reaper - Blue \u00d6yster Cult (1976) - YouTube [PAR] (Don't Fear) The Reaper - Blue \u00d6yster Cult (1976) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 20, 2009 [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] Blue Oyster Cult - Don't Fear The Reaper (Live 2012) HD - Duration: 7:26. AB3348 630,974 views [PAR] 7:26 [PAR] Blue Oyster Cult - (Don't Fear) The Reaper 1976 [Studio Version]cowbell link in description - Duration: 5:10. DEATHEXISTFOREVER 23,983,686 views [PAR] 5:10"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is G.K. Chesterton? by Dale Ahlquist [PAR] I\u2019ve heard the question more than once. It is asked by people who have just started to discover G.K. Chesterton. They have begun reading a Chesterton book, or perhaps have seen an issue of Gilbert, or maybe they\u2019ve only encountered a series of pithy quotations that marvelously articulate some forgotten bit of common sense. They ask the question with a mixture of wonder, gratitude and\u2026resentment. They are amazed by what they have discovered. They are thankful to have discovered it. And they are almost angry that it has taken so long for them to make the discovery. [PAR] \u201cWho is this guy\u2026?\u201d [PAR] Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936) cannot be summed up in one sentence. Nor in one paragraph. In fact, in spite of the fine biographies that have been written of him, he has never been captured between the covers of one book. But rather than waiting to separate the goats from the sheep, let\u2019s just come right out and say it: G.K. Chesterton was the best writer of the 20th century. He said something about everything and he said it better than anybody else. But he was no mere wordsmith. He was very good at expressing himself, but more importantly, he had something very good to express. The reason he was the greatest writer of the 20th century was because he was also the greatest thinker of the 20th century. [PAR] Born in London, G.K. Chesterton was educated at St. Paul\u2019s, but never went to college. He went to art school. In 1900, he was asked to contribute a few magazine articles on art criticism, and went on to become one of the most prolific writers of all time. He wrote a hundred books, contributions to 200 more, hundreds of poems, including the epic Ballad of the White Horse, five plays, five novels, and some two hundred short stories, including a popular series featuring the priest-detective, Father Brown. In spite of his literary accomplishments, he considered himself primarily a journalist. He wrote over 4000 newspaper essays, including 30 years worth of weekly columns for the Illustrated London News, and 13 years of weekly columns for the Daily News. He also edited his own newspaper, G.K.\u2019s Weekly. (To put it into perspective, four thousand essays is the equivalent of writing an essay a day, every day, for 11 years. If you\u2019re not impressed, try it some time. But they have to be good essays \u2013 all of them \u2013 as funny as they are serious, and as readable and rewarding a century after you\u2019ve written them.) [PAR] Chesterton was equally at ease with literary and social criticism, history, politics, economics, philosophy, and theology. His style is unmistakable, always marked by humility, consistency, paradox, wit, and wonder. His writing remains as timely and as timeless today as when it first appeared, even though much of it was published in throw away papers. [PAR] This man who composed such profound and perfect lines as \u201cThe Christian ideal has not been tried and found wanting; it has been found difficult and left untried,\u201d stood 6\u20194\u2033 and weighed about 300 pounds, usually had a cigar in his mouth, and walked around wearing a cape and a crumpled hat, tiny glasses pinched to the end of his nose, swordstick in hand, laughter blowing through his moustache. And usually had no idea where or when his next appointment was. He did much of his writing in train stations, since he usually missed the train he was supposed to catch. In one famous anecdote, he wired his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Around The House - ITV News Around The House - ITV News [PAR] 3 April 2014 at 7:00am [PAR] Around The House [PAR] Helen Ford presents our political programme from Westminster. [PAR] Among the guests in April's edition were Copeland MP Jamie Reed, Berwick MP Sir Alan Beith and Lord Inglewood. [PAR] Around The House: County of Cumbria 'may not reach 50' [PAR] Forty years after the creation of Cumbria, Around The House considers how successful the new identity has become, and what the future holds. [PAR] The county was formed by the amalgamation of Cumberland and Westmorland, along with portions of Lancashire and Yorkshire. [PAR] The Copeland MP Jamie Reed was born in Cumberland shortly before the changes. [PAR] Helen Ford asked whether he regards himself as a Cumbrian. Watch the interview here: [PAR] Helen Ford presents the next edition of Around The House on Thursday 15th May. [PAR] To mark the 40th anniversary of Cumbria's formation, Helen Ford spoke to the peer and former MEP Lord Inglewood. [PAR] He explained how the county inspires loyalty in different ways. [PAR] Watch the full interview here: [PAR] The next edition of Around The House is on 15th May. [PAR] Around The House: deciding how treatments are prescribed [PAR] The new head of the NHS began his task with a visit to the north this week. [PAR] Our political programme Around The House looked at one of the most sensitive subjects facing the health service: how to decide on the prescribing of treatments, while ensuring the best use of resources. [PAR] Helen Ford and a panel of MPs discussed the proposed guidelines, which have just gone out to consultation: [PAR] The next edition of Around The House is on Thursday 15th May. [PAR] Around The House: what does 'full employment' mean? [PAR] In this month's political programme, MPs discussed the Chancellor George Osborne's ambition of full employment. [PAR] Helen Ford was joined by the Berwick Liberal Democrat Sir Alan Beith, alongside the Durham Labour MP Roberta Blackman-Woods and the Teesside Conservative James Wharton: [PAR] Topical debate from Westminster [PAR] Credit: ITV News Border [PAR] In tonight's Around The House, we mark Cumbria's 40th anniversary. The county was formed in April 1974, with the twinning of Cumberland and Westmorland with parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire. [PAR] Four decades on, we ask what Cumbria means to the local peer and former MEP Lord Inglewood, and the West Cumbrian MP Jamie Reed. [PAR] We will also debate the Chancellor's pledge to work for full employment and explore the implications of radical changes to pensions. [PAR] Join Helen Ford and her guests tonight at 11:40pm on ITV Border."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist - Jesus - Catholic Life ... Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist - Jesus - Catholic Life - Catholic Online [PAR] Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist [PAR] Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist [PAR] Faq's [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Lord Jesus, on the night before he suffered on the cross, shared one last meal with his disciples. During this meal our Savior instituted the sacrament of his Body and Blood. He did this in order to perpetuate the sacrifice of the Cross throughout the ages and to entrust to the Church his Spouse a memorial of his death and resurrection. As the Gospel of Matthew tells us: [PAR] While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, \"Take and eat; this is my body.\" Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, \"Drink from it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins.\" (Mt 26:26-28; cf. Mk 14:22-24, Lk 22:17-20, 1 Cor 11:23-25) [PAR] Recalling these words of Jesus, the Catholic Church professes that, in the celebration of the Eucharist, bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit and the instrumentality of the priest. Jesus said: \"I am the living bread that came down from heaven; whoever eats this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world. . . . For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink\" (Jn 6:51-55). The whole Christ is truly present, body, blood, soul, and divinity, under the appearances of bread and wine--the glorified Christ who rose from the dead after dying for our sins. This is what the Church means when she speaks of the \"Real Presence\" of Christ in the Eucharist. This presence of Christ in the Eucharist is called \"real\" not to exclude other types of his presence as if they could not be understood as real (cf. Catechism, no. 1374). The risen Christ is present to his Church in many ways, but most especially through the sacrament of his Body and Blood. [PAR] What does it mean that Jesus Christ is present in the Eucharist under the appearances of bread and wine? How does this happen? The presence of the risen Christ in the Eucharist is an inexhaustible mystery that the Church can never fully explain in words. We must remember that the triune God is the creator of all that exists and has the power to do more than we can possibly imagine. As St. Ambrose said: \"If the word of the Lord Jesus is so powerful as to bring into existence things which were not, then a fortiori those things which already exist can be changed into something else\" (De Sacramentis, IV, 5-16). God created the world in order to share his life with persons who are not God. This great plan of salvation reveals a wisdom that surpasses our understanding. But we are not left in ignorance: for out of his love for us, God reveals his truth to us in ways that we can understand through the gift of faith and the grace of the Holy Spirit dwelling in us. We are thus enabled to understand at least in some measure what would otherwise remain unknown to us, though we can never completely comprehend the mystery of God. [PAR] As successors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Einstein - Biographical - Nobel Prize Albert Einstein - Biographical [PAR] Albert Einstein [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 [PAR] Albert Einstein [PAR] Questions and Answers on Albert Einstein [PAR] Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree. [PAR] During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton * . He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945. [PAR] After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. [PAR] Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance. [PAR] At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. [PAR] In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics. [PAR] In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology. [PAR] After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] O.K. Corral | HistoryNet O.K. Corral: A Gunfight Shrouded in Mystery [PAR] By Casey Tefertiller and Jeff Morey [PAR] Cowboy Billy Clanton still lay dying, his face contorted with pain, when the press began the difficult task of piecing together the details of an October 1881 street battle in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. In later years it would become known as the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Richard Rule, veteran city editor of the Tombstone Nugget, helped carry Clanton into the house where the young man would pass into history, then returned to the streets to go to work. [PAR] With the canny eye of an experienced newsman, Rule began collecting the details of the gunfight, interviewing witnesses and trying to get a handle on what transpired during that fateful half minute and what led up to the battle. It would be a model of frontier journalism and vital to future understanding of perhaps the most debated event of the American frontier. [PAR] The saga of the O.K. Corral has been told repeatedly and from many perspectives, often with fictional intrusions and biased analysis. Now, for the first time in 120 years, we may have an authentic understanding of the events that led to the gunfight and what actually occurred in the streets of Tombstone \u2014 with a great deal of help from Richard Rule. [PAR] Read More in Wild West Magazine [PAR] Subscribe online and save nearly 40%!!! [PAR] Through the tense summer of 1881, emotions had grown explosive. Bands of rustlers roamed the backcountry, stealing cattle mostly in Mexico or from Mexican ranchers in Arizona and New Mexico territories and then selling them to apparently legitimate ranchers for resale. The Clanton and McLaury families owned ranches reputed to be headquarters for receiving stolen cattle. This great cattle scam drew little ire from an American population more interested in acquiring wealth in the rich new mining areas than investigating international relations. In addition, Mexico had assessed high taxes on alcohol and tobacco, and smugglers came to southern Arizona Territory to purchase the goods cheaply for resale south of the border. The cash- and jewel-laden smugglers provided an easy target for American bandits. [PAR] As that fateful year of 1881 progressed, the situation changed. The Mexican government dropped taxes on alcohol and tobacco and then lodged numerous protests with federal and territorial officials to try to stop the outlawry against Mexican citizens. Territorial Governor John C. Fr\u00e9mont, the old pathfinder and the first Republican presidential candidate in 1856, suggested in February that the territorial Legislature fund a state militia to ride against the outlaws and stop the rustling. Legislators hooted down the visionary plan. The Mexican government built a series of forts along the border and began to fight back against the American outlaws. American rustlers George Turner and Alfred McAllister were killed in Mexico during a raid on May 13. [PAR] Back on the U.S. side of the border, citizens also began to grow agitated over outlawry, particularly because of what happened on March 15. Three robbers that day attempted to intercept a stagecoach traveling from Tombstone to Benson, Arizona Territory. Driver Eli \u2018Budd\u2019 Philpot and passenger Peter Roerig were killed. Jim Crane, William Leonard and Harry Head were identified as the robbers. [PAR] With Fr\u00e9mont\u2019s militia plan discarded, there was little to counter the rustling and other crimes that gripped southern Arizona Territory. Cochise County Sheriff John Behan and his deputies were charged with battling the rustlers, who became known as the \u2018Cowboys.\u2019 But Behan was at best ineffective and at worst crooked. His deputy Billy Breakenridge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ishihara Color Test - Colour Blindness Test Ishihara Color Test \u2013 Color Blindness [PAR] got to 3 and thats it [PAR] bradley says: [PAR] tried test only got test 2 [PAR] admin says: [PAR] June 11, 2009 at 8:16 am [PAR] Hi Bradley, [PAR] You should keep trying each ishihara test until the bottom, dont stop at the first test you can\u2019t do:) Doing them all helps you understand the severity of your color blindness. [PAR] Also try the color arrangement test to get a mathematical readout of your color blindness, and its severity! [PAR] Charles [PAR] July 9, 2009 at 8:17 am [PAR] Hi, [PAR] I found this website to be really helpful! I was told when I was small that I was color blind, and knew it had something to do with Red, Green and Brown. This website has helped me understand that I\u2019m definately red/green color blind. 20 years after I was told, I now know for sure, thanks to this website. Great stuff. Excellent. [PAR] admin says: [PAR] July 9, 2009 at 2:05 pm [PAR] Jim, [PAR] Glad you found the ishihara test useful:) I trialled it on a friend of mine, he\u2019s 40 and just found out he\u2019s mildly color blind too. To some of us it barely makes a difference i guess! [PAR] Charles [PAR] \ud83d\ude41 i applied for the air force on thursday, a medical was involved\u2026 including an isihara eye test\u2026\u2026.. [PAR] i failed it 3 times \ud83d\ude41 not my job oportunities are extremely limited [PAR] im 3CP color blind & a female\u2026 i never knew, still quite shocked!!!!!!! [PAR] BERTIE says: [PAR] September 2, 2009 at 9:20 pm [PAR] Just looking at these tests makes me feel more at rest. I have moderate colour acuity due to long sightedness but not colour blind although eyesight does affect your colour vision, yet i can see 22 of the 24 plates. Do you think i would pass an RAF medical colour test? [PAR] admin says: [PAR] Hi Bertie, [PAR] I redid your post without full capitals for you:) [PAR] The Air Force is probably the strictest career path in the world when it comes to color blindness. Whether or not you are accepted depends on how well you do with your visual tests, and which position you are seek. Which plates did you get wrong? A couple of the plates are supposed to appear blank if you have normal vision:) [PAR] You could also try my color arrangement test, it was designed by american military personel originally, though i doubt it is used in the UK. [PAR] Charles [PAR] September 24, 2009 at 11:03 pm [PAR] Thanks Admin [PAR] I can do the colour arrangement test and it reports I\u2019m not colour blind because I complete it correctly. A couple of the plates above that I couldn\u2019t see were 73 and 5. Must point out that some of these plates I have to really look at to get the numbers. I have done the Farnsworth 100 Hue Test and manage to do very well on it. I know my current perscription for glasses has been changed slightly and these glasses are heavily scratched. I find my glasses do affect my colour vision, making colours appear slightly darker then normal. Without the glasses I have very good colour acuity but at a restricted distance. Can I just ask how accurate are these tests? Are your plates a true representation or do you think the reproduction of your plates makes it harder to see the numbers. [PAR] Thanks again, Bertie [PAR] September 25,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] back to Trinity - Trinity Atomic Web Site Trinity Atomic Web Site [PAR] Trinity Atomic Web Site [PAR] Nuclear Weapons: History, Technology, and Consequences in Historic Documents, Photos, and Videos [PAR] Trinity Site [PAR] by the U.S. Department of Energy [PAR] National Atomic Museum, [PAR] The National Atomic Museum [PAR] The First Atomic Test [PAR] On Monday morning July 16, 1945, the world was changed forever when the first atomic bomb was tested in an isolated area of the New Mexico desert. Conducted in the final month of World War II by the top-secret Manhattan Engineer District, this test was code named Trinity. The Trinity test took place on the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, about 230 miles south of the Manhattan Project's headquarters at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Today this 3,200 square mile range, partly located in the desolate Jornada del Muerto Valley, is named the White Sands Missile Range and is actively used for non-nuclear weapons testing. [PAR] Before the war the range was mostly public and private grazing land that had always been sparsely populated. During the war it was even more lonely and deserted because the ranchers had agreed to vacate their homes in January 1942. They left because the War Department wanted the land to use as an artillery and bombing practice area. In September 1944, a remote 18 by 24 square mile portion of the north- east corner of the Bombing Range was set aside for the Manhattan Project and the Trinity test by the military. [PAR] The selection of this remote location in the Jornada del Muerto Valley for the Trinity test was from an initial list of eight possible test sites. Besides the Jornada, three of the other seven sites were also located in New Mexico: the Tularosa Basin near Alamogordo, the lava beds (now the El Malpais National Monument) south of Grants, and an area southwest of Cuba and north of Thoreau. Other possible sites not located in New Mexico were: an Army training area north of Blythe, California, in the Mojave Desert; San Nicolas Island (one of the Channel Islands) off the coast of Southern California; and on Padre Island south of Corpus Christi, Texas, in the Gulf of Mexico. The last choice for the test was in the beautiful San Luis Valley of south- central Colorado, near today's Great Sand Dunes National Monument. [PAR] Based on a number of criteria that included availability, distance from Los Alamos, good weather, few or no settlements, and that no Indian land would be used, the choices for the test site were narrowed down to two in the summer of 1944. First choice was the military training area in southern California. The second choice, was the Jornada del Muerto Valley in New Mexico. The final site selection was made in late August 1944 by Major General Leslie R. Groves, the military head of the Manhattan Project. When General Groves discovered that in order to use the California location he would need the permission of its commander, General George Patton, Groves quickly decided on the second choice, the Jornada del Muerto. This was because General Groves did not want anything to do with the flamboyant Patton, who Groves had once described as \"the most disagreeable man I had ever met.\"[ 1 ] Despite being second choice the remote Jornada was a good location for the test, because it provided isolation for secrecy and safety, was only 230 miles south of Los Alamos, and was already under military control. Plus, the Jornada enjoyed relatively good weather. [PAR] The history of the Jornada is"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - BBC Sporting Theme Tunes - Edited Entry h2g2 - BBC Sporting Theme Tunes - Edited Entry [PAR] BBC Sporting Theme Tunes Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything [PAR] BBC Sporting Theme Tunes [PAR] 4 Conversations [PAR] The BBC sporting themes, played over the opening credits of each programme, have become legendary with some becoming closely associated with the relevant sport. [PAR] All of the themes have been released on various BBC compilation CDs, as well as by the original artist. The themes are also widely available as ringtones on mobile telephones . In a BBC Radio Five Live listener's poll, Test Match Special was voted the best sporting theme, winning 38% of the vote. [PAR] Sports and Entertainment Shows [PAR] Grandstand [PAR] Generally the most well-known, the Grandstand theme has signalled the start of the BBC's Saturday afternoon sports coverage since it was first broadcast on 11 October, 1958. The brass and drums fanfare, which plays over images of the sports being broadcast that particular day, is famous for the two opening timpani 'boings'. Keith Mansfield composed the piece for the BBC and the drummer was called Brian Bennett. Mansfield also composed a vast collection of library music used on other television programmes such as The Sweeney, as well as other BBC themes. The theme has been revised over the years, but remains essentially the same. [PAR] Sportsnight [PAR] Sportsnight was a weekly sports show on the BBC between 1968 and 1997. Presenters included David Coleman, Frank Bough and Des Lynam. The theme for the show was called 'Sportsnight', and was composed by Tony Hatch. The piece opens with a morse code signature, giving the effect of speed. Hatch has composed many other TV themes including Crossroads, Emmerdale and Neighbours . Hatch also had huge success in the pop market, being particularly well known for his collaborations with Petula Clark. The pair's most famous song is the classic 'Downtown', released in 1964. [PAR] Superstars [PAR] While not a sport in itself, Superstars was a popular programme in the 1970s and 1980s in which sportsmen from different fields competed in various events. The show returned to viewer's screens in 2003. The theme, 'Heavy Action', was composed by Johnny Pearson. Pearson is also responsible for ITV's News at Ten theme, as well as the music for the Captain Pugwash television series. [PAR] Pot Black [PAR] Pot Black was a weekly televised snooker tournament shown between 1969 and 1984. The programme's theme, 'Black And White Rag', was a ragtime piano piece written by Tin Pan Alley composer George Botsford, and performed by the classically-trained Winifred Atwell. The show and its theme returned for a one-off special in 2005. [PAR] Sports Programmes [PAR] Match of the Day [PAR] The theme to the BBC's flagship football programme, broadcasted since 22 August, 1964, is equally well-known. So well-known in fact, that it has become synonymous with football as a whole, rather than just the programme. The BBC commissioned Barry Stoller to write the theme, which was originally called 'Offside'. Words have been added to the theme by several people, including an Anglican minister called Reverend John Hartley to coincide with the 2002 World Cup . The theme plays over images relevant to the competition being covered, either highlights of The FA Premier League, The FA Cup or international matches. However, this was not the first theme used for Match of the Day. Until 1971 a march called 'Drum Majorette' was used. This piece was composed by Major Leslie Statham, who wrote under the name of Arnold Steck. Statham"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Montreal, 1976 Olympic Games - Topend Sports Montreal, 1976 Olympics [PAR] Montreal, 1976 Olympic Games [PAR] The 1976 Olympic Games were held in Montreal, Canada. [PAR] 26 African countries boycotted the Games in response to New Zealand's inclusion. Earlier that year a New Zealand team had undertaken a three-month rugby tour of the racially segregated South Africa, but the IOC refused to ban them. [PAR] The Soviet Union lead the medal count, followed by the U.S. and East Germany. See the 1976 Medal Count . [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The original estimated cost of the Montreal Games had been $310 million, but labor problems, financial mismanagement, the addition of an extravagant stadium, and other expenses - plus increased security, clearly needed after the events of Munich - increased the price tag past $1.5 billion. [PAR] Canada barred the Republic of China (Taiwan) team from the country, then allowed them to enter if they agreed not to compete as \"the Republic of China\". The Taiwanese considered this unacceptable and withdraw. [PAR] Athletes [PAR] Five American boxers won gold medals, including three future world boxing champs: Ray Leonard, Michael Spinks, and Leon Spinks. [PAR] No gymnast had ever achieved a perfect score of 10, until 14 year old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci scored perfect 10's seven times at the 1976-Montreal games, also bagging three gold medals, plus a silver and a bronze on the way. [PAR] The only female competitor not to have to submit to a sex test at the 1976 Summer Olympics was Princess Anne of the UK, who was competing as a member of the UK equestrian team. As the daughter Queen Elizabeth II, such a test was seen as inappropriate. [PAR] Share:[DOC] [TLE] Gender Testing at the Olympic Games - Topend Sports Gender Testing at the Olympic Games [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > History > Gender Verification [PAR] Gender testing at the Olympic Games [PAR] Aiming to create a fair competition, the International Olympic Committee first introduced gender testing in 1968, primarily to prevent men from competing in the women's events. As they have discovered over time, there is not always a clear boundary between the two. [PAR] Gender testing was first introduced at the Olympics in 1968 for the Winter Games in Grenoble. These tests were compulsory for female athletes, possibly due to fears that male athletes would pose as female athletes and have an unfair advantage over their competitors. However, most cases of men competing as females have been unintentional. [PAR] One of the most famous cases, and the earliest, is of Polish athlete Stanis\u0142awa Walasiewicz (also known as Stella Walsh), who won gold in the women's 100 m at the 1932 Summer Olympics in LA, and silver in the 100 m at the 1936 Olympics. After she was shot dead during an armed robbery in 1980, the subsequent autopsy revealed she possessed male body parts, although she also had female characteristics as well. [PAR] The first athlete to actually fail a gender test was another Polish athlete Ewa K\u0142obukowska. In Tokyo 1964 he won gold in the women's 4x100 m relay and was third in the women's 100 m. In 1967 she was found to have a rare genetic condition (XX/XXY mosaicism) which gave her no advantage over other athletes, but was still banned from competing in Olympic and professional sports. [PAR] At the 1976 Summer Olympics, it has been reported that the only female competitor not to have to submit to a sex test was Princess Anne of the UK, who was competing as a member of the UK"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 4 Procedures for Newborn in the First Hours After Birth 4 Procedures for Newborns in First Hours After Birth [PAR] 4 Procedures for Newborns in First Hours After Birth [PAR] Search the site [PAR] 4 Procedures for Newborns in First Hours After Birth [PAR] Moving Beyond the PKU Test [PAR] By Robin Elise Weiss, PhD - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. [PAR] Updated September 07, 2016 [PAR] Your newborn baby has just arrived. This first, precious, golden hour is upon you. What happens now? Many practitioners will allow you to have the baby placed directly on your abdomen or chest. Warm towels or blankets will be placed over both of you to help keep your baby warm. This time for bonding in many hospitals and birth centers is limited to the first hour , though this can vary from place to place and by your request. [PAR] Once you and your baby are ready, there are some standards tests that are done for nearly all babies, including those born at home. [PAR] Newborn testing is an important thing to think about before labor. During pregnancy we focus so much on the actual birth preparation sometimes we don't devote enough time to other topics, including newborn testing. I am going to focus on the first few days of your baby's life and what tests are commonly done. [PAR] Newborn Weight and Length [PAR] Weight and length are also done routinely everywhere, although when these tests are done does vary from place to place. Some hospitals will immediately remove your baby from you and begin an initial assessment. Many professionals believe that this is a bad idea because the baby has a very short window of the quiet alert state in which to really connect with the parents before entering a deeper sleep state. Many parents are requesting in their birth plans that these procedures are delayed until after that first hour of life. [PAR] If you are giving birth in a birth center or home, these procedures are more flexible. Talk to your doctor or midwife about the normal protocol and see how it fits with your ideas. [PAR] Newborn Eye Drops [PAR] Eye drops have changed recently in many states. In the past Silver Nitrate was used routinely and this burned a baby's eyes, while trying to prevent infection. [PAR] Now, more commonly you will find erythromycin used. Make sure you ask. [PAR] Again, this is something that you may wish to be delayed until after that first hour of life. While the newer medication doesn't burn your baby's eyes it will make it more difficult to see, and newborns can see. There are state laws that govern the application of eye drops . Most states have laws that say it is up to the practitioner to provide the eye drops, with no specific time indicated. Find out what your state law says. [PAR] Vitamin K [PAR] This is usually an injection given after the birth. Your baby isn't born with intact clotting factors. This started being common and become law when forceps deliveries were very common, to help prevent bleeding in the brain because of the extra trauma to the baby's head. Today we are still using this state law and giving babies vitamin K routinely, despite the fact that forceps deliveries have changed and occur less frequently because it still provides benefits to babies . Some countries have newer policies of when to provide vitamin K as opposed to doing it routinely. [PAR] Some families are requesting that the vitamin K be given orally. While we"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the MOT scheme? | nidirect What is the MOT scheme? | nidirect [PAR] About the MOT scheme [PAR] What is the MOT scheme? [PAR] MOT test checks that your vehicle meets road safety and environmental standards. It is an offence to use a vehicle of MOT test age that doesn\u2019t have a current test certificate on a public road. [PAR] When must vehicles be tested? [PAR] You can check the status of your vehicle by calling DVA Enquiries on 0300 200 7861, however, as a general rule the points below indicate when your vehicle will be due a MOT test: [PAR] cars and motorcycles which are four years old and over [PAR] light goods vehicles from three years old [PAR] trailers, large passenger carrying vehicles and heavy goods vehicles (over 3,500kgs gross weight) from one year old [PAR] buses and taxis from when they are first used [PAR] You can also check the current status of a vehicle at the following link: [PAR] How do I apply and what does it cost? [PAR] You can book a test online, by phone, in person or by post: [PAR] MOT test fees [PAR] MOT exemption \u2013 pre-1960 vehicles [PAR] Motor cars, motorcycles and light goods vehicles manufactured or registered before 1960 are exempt from the mandatory MOT test. [PAR] Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA) offers tests on a voluntary basis, but only at the request of the vehicle owner. Most voluntary tests will be for Cherished Transfers as the registration transfer scheme still requires a test certificate. [PAR] Pre-1960 vehicles booked for testing will continue to be inspected in the normal way, however, MOT reminders for these vehicles will not be sent out automatically. [PAR] Buses, taxis and LPCVs [PAR] Buses, taxis, trailers and other vehicles must also be tested. Information on which vehicles must be tested, and when, can be found in the various test application forms. [PAR] If you need further information, please contact your nearest DVA test centre. [PAR] Test centre locations [PAR] Goods vehicles and trailers [PAR] All goods vehicles with an gross vehicle weight up to and including 3,500kgs (light goods vehicles) must be submitted for first test on the third anniversary of the date on which they were first registered and once a year thereafter. [PAR] However, goods vehicles with an unladen weight exceeding 3,500kgs (heavy goods vehicles) must be tested at the end of their first year and every year thereafter. [PAR] For a trailer the test is due on the first anniversary of registration and then every year afterwards. For more information on whether your goods vehicle must be tested, contact your nearest DVA test centre. [PAR] Can an MOT be carried out at any time? [PAR] You can apply for the MOT up to three months before a vehicle is due for test. [PAR] A vehicle can be tested up to 28 days before the current vehicle test certificate is due to expire. These early days can then be added onto the certificate expiry date, so that you still get a certificate which is valid for a full year from the current date of expiry. For example, if the current certificate was due to expire on 1 April 2014, and the vehicle passed on or after 4 March 2014, the certificate would run from the date of the test until 1 April 2015. [PAR] However, if a vehicle is tested more than 28 days before the current vehicle test certificate is due to expire, this time cannot be added on, and therefore you will be issued with a certificate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 50 Greatest Movie Cameos | GamesRadar+ 50 Greatest Movie Cameos | GamesRadar+ [PAR] 50 Greatest Movie Cameos [PAR] The small roles with a huge impact [PAR] Shares [PAR] Terminator Salvation (2009) [PAR] The Cameo: We witness the arrival of the original T-800. Aptly for a cyborg, Schwarzenegger's youthful face was digitally inserted. [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: The franchise could really go full circle by following Arnie back to 1984 and the start of The Terminator . [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] Wayne's World (1992) [PAR] The Cameo: Wayne (Mike Myers) is pulled over by a traffic cop, only to realise it's the T-1000 (Robert Patrick) from Terminator 2: Judgement Day . [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: It'd be because Skynet had just found out that it's not John Connor who saves the future Earth, it's Garth (Dana Carvey). [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] 24 Hour Party People (2002) [PAR] The Cameo: When unreliable narrator Tony Wilson (Steve Coogan) catches Magazine singer Howard Devoto (Martin Hancock) shagging his wife, the real-life Devoto turns up to declare that \"I definitely don't remember this happening.\" [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: Hmm\u2026 Joy Division? Sure. Happy Mondays? Absolutely. But Magazine? Hardly the stuff of indie music legend. [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] Desperado (1995) [PAR] The Cameo: The best of Quentin Tarantino's many cameos is a suitably wordy (and completely tangential) affair, as he tells a filthy joke before getting gunned down in a shootout. [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: The, shall we say, limitations of QT's acting ability would become even more apparent. [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] Fantastic Mr Fox (2009) [PAR] The Cameo: Jarvis Cocker already had a Harry Potter cameo under his belt, but went one better by being turned into stop-motion as banjo-twanging farmer Petey. [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: He'd eventually start chronicling the sex lives of Mr and Mrs Fox and all of their animal friends. [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] Indiana Jones And The Temple Of Doom (1984) [PAR] The Cameo: The airport scene at the end of the film's Shanghai sequence is a proper jolly boys' outing, featuring Steven Spielberg and George Lucas as extras, plus Dan Aykroyd as the guy who books Indy onto the worst possible flight out of town. [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: To be honest, we're still surprised Aykroyd doesn't rock up in India later in the film. [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] High Fidelity (2000) [PAR] The Cameo: A film about one-upmanship in music taste stands and falls on the quality of its references, and the biggest coup is having The Boss himself, Bruce Springsteen, turn up as mentor to John Cusack's Rob Gordon. [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: He'd suffer a backlash at the hands of Rob's snobby record store employee Barry (Jack Black). [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] The League Of Gentlemen's Apocalypse (2005) [PAR] The Cameo: Famously, the fourth member of the League, Jeremy Dyson, never appears on screen. So in a wry in-joke, they kill off 'Dyson' (played by Michael Sheen) before the opening credits. [PAR] If The Character Had More Screen Time: The film is already way too meta. Any more actor/character confusion and our heads would probably explode. [PAR] Prev [PAR] Next [PAR] Once Upon A Time In The West (1968) [PAR] The Cameos: The looong opening sees the great Western character actors Woody Strode and Jack Elam (plus Leone regular Al Mulock) play three gunslingers waiting for -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edward Teague - PotC Wiki - Wikia Edward Teague | PotC Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015Teague and Jack Sparrow [src] [PAR] Even Jack Sparrow feared Teague, but mostly respected him, though this might be because he's his father. After dedicating his life to piracy, Jack would follow in his father's buccaneering footsteps, from his appearance to keeping to the Code. There were many occasions where Teague reappeared in his son's life, and saving him. Like when he and Jack were captured by Lawrence Norrington and taken prisoner aboard his ship [4] ; another time was in London , in which Jack was about to be shot by a Royal Guard until Teague shot the guard. Both had a good father-son relationship, where Teague would give advice to Jack for his ambitions. Teague also called his son \"Jackie\" quite often. [16] [PAR] Teague playing his guitar during the Fourth Brethren Court . [PAR] At some point in his life, Teague took up the guitar and became quite good at playing it, mainly playing it within the Pirate Hall . Though he was a captain of a ship, Teague was a withdrawn and rather, \"stay at home\" kind of pirate having done most of his adventuring in his younger days. However he did join the Brethren Court's fleet which faced Cutler Beckett 's armada although he wasn't involved in the battle itself. Teague was shown to be quite reserved and dignified; when the rest of his crew were jumping and cheering about their victory over Beckett's fleet, Teague merely smiled and tossed his hat in the air. [2] Many parts of his life were quite mysterious, and when someone would ask him something about his past, Teague's usual reply was: \" Sea turtles, mate !\" [9] [PAR] Teague wore clothes that complemented his role as a pirate captain . As part of his ensemble, he wore a long crimson frock coat embroidered with a faded white floral design and a decorated dark brown waistcoat to match. A sash was tied around Teague's waist constantly. The undershirt that Teague wore was decorated with much more frill than those of most pirates. His dark hair was stylized in long dreadlocks adorned with beads and small crosses, and was held back by a dark green bandanna. Teague also wore a large bicorne adorned with pheasant feathers to symbolize his role as captain. On his hands were three rings , one of which he owns is in the form of a metal skull . [2] [PAR] Like almost all Pirate Lords, Teague had a unique pirate flag . His flag was black with the white skeleton holding a spear pointed to a white heart. [2] [PAR] Equipment and skills [PAR] Like most pirate captains, Teague possessed a cutlass which he uses with great skill. During the attack on the Misty Lady , he had a duel with Admiral Lawrence Norrington , and though his opponent was a skillful fighter, Teague easily won. [4] His other favorite weapon was a flintlock pistol , which he sometimes used to shoot those who violated the Code, [2] or anyone who tried to kill his son Jack Sparrow . [16] [PAR] One unique item which Teague possessed was a magical ring , which gave the wielder the ability to submit the persons present to the wielder's will. That ring was stolen from him by Jack Sparrow when he escaped from Shipwreck Island . [4] [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] Julian Holloway provided the voice of Captain Edward Teague in the At World's End video game"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Country Stars Who Have Acted in Movies - The Boot Top 10 Country Stars Who Have Acted in Movies [PAR] Top 10 Country Stars Who Have Acted in Movies [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Mike Moore / Michael N. Todaro / Alberto E. Rodriguez, Getty Images [PAR] In 1963, Buck Owens topped the country charts with \u2018Act Naturally,\u2019 which opened with the prophetic line, \u201cThey\u2019re gonna put me in the movies.\u201d But decades before that tune (later covered by the Beatles ) was a hit, country stars were already trading the concert stage for the sound stage. [PAR] Experiencing varying degrees of box office success and critical acclaim (or disdain), country artists have been making the transition to the big (and small) screen since the movie business began. Just shortly after talking pictures took the country by storm, the Father of Country Music, Jimmie Rodgers, appeared in a short film called \u2018The Singing Brakeman.\u2019 [PAR] Since that time, numerous singers have acted in everything from TV series and music videos to blockbuster films. The Boot focuses our lens on 10 country artists who\u2019ve acted \u2014 naturally or otherwise \u2014 in the movies. [PAR] Jason Kempin, Getty Images [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Though she has since starred in her own successful sitcom and also conquered Broadway, in 1990, McEntire was first bitten by the acting bug (well, more like an icky, overgrown worm) in the sci-fi comedy horror hit \u2018Tremors.\u2019 If not for scheduling conflicts, a gazillion people could have seen her by decade\u2019s end, playing the unsinkable Molly Brown in a little film called \u2018Titanic.\u2019 And though she\u2019s not seen, you can hear that unmistakable voice of hers in the animated films \u2018Charlotte\u2019s Web\u2019 and \u2018The Fox & the Hound 2.\u2019 [PAR] [PAR] Frederick M. Brown, Getty Images [PAR] 9 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] His distinctive voice and a return to country music tradition made Travis one of the most influential entertainers of the \u201980s and \u201990s. He soon turned his attention to TV roles and feature films, which have included \u2018Fire Down Below,\u2019 \u2018Black Dog\u2019 and \u2018National Treasure: Book of Secrets.\u2019 Most recently, the country icon was a by-the-book deputy director of the CIA in \u2018Jerusalem Countdown.\u2019 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Although he\u2019s bound to be best remembered as Robbie Ray Stewart, dad of Disney\u2019s \u2018Hannah Montana\u2019 (played by real-life daughter Miley ), Cyrus earned some serious indie cred in 2001 for the role of Gene, the pool cleaner in David Lynch\u2019s enigmatic thriller \u2018Mulholland Drive.\u2019 In 2010, he was in \u2018The Spy Next Door\u2019 with Jackie Chan. And let\u2019s not forget the 2001 action flick \u2018Radical Jack.\u2019 On second thought \u2026 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] After making his inauspicious big-screen debut in 1987 as a member of the Bayou Band in the Rob Lowe-Winona Rider film \u2018Square Dance,\u2019 Adkins wasn\u2019t seen again on film for 21 years. \u2018Trailer Park of Terror\u2019 didn\u2019t make him a screen legend, but 2010\u2019s \u2018Lincoln Lawyer\u2019 did have him sharing scenes with Matthew McConaughey. With \u2018The Virginian,\u2019 \u2018Mom\u2019s Night Out\u2019 and other roles still to come, Adkins has carved out a pretty solid second career in films. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] It\u2019s all too easy to forget that Presley made a few great films when he made so many truly terrible ones. \u2018Harum Scarum\u2019? The title alone is cringe-inducing. Still, early on in his film career, the charisma and charm of the young man who would be King shone through in such films as \u2018Love Me Tender,\u2019 \u2018King Creole\u2019 and the electrifying \u2018Jailhouse Rock.\u2019 Another standout was 1964\u2019s \u2018Viva Las Vegas,\u2019 but it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dogma (1999) - Decent Films Dogma (1999) - Decent Films [PAR] Decent Films [PAR] F [PAR] SDG [PAR] Although it\u2019ll go without saying ten minutes or so into these proceedings, ViewAskew [Kevin Smith\u2019s production company] would like to state that this film is \u2014 from start to finish \u2014 a work of comedic fantasy, not to be taken seriously. To insist that any of what follows is incendiary or inflammatory is to miss our intention and pass undue judgment; and passing judgment is reserved for God and God alone\u2026 [PAR] \u2014 From the disclaimer prefacing Dogma [PAR] Like the creators of Dogma, I feel the need to begin with a disclaimer of my own. This review is an exercise in film criticism and commentary informed by Christian faith. It is neither an anti-Dogma activist polemic nor a pro-Dogma apologetical treatise. I come not to praise Kevin Smith, nor to bury him, but to critique his work. I will tell you what I think is good about it, and what I think is evil. But this is a complex film, and deserves careful evaluation. Those who are only interested in one-sided spin, whether bad or good, will not find it here. [PAR] 1999, Lion\u2019s Head. Directed by Kevin Smith. Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, Linda Fiorentino, Jason Mewes, Kevin Smith, Alan Rickman, Chris Rock, Salma Hayek, Jason Lee, Alanis Morissette. [PAR] Artistic/Entertainment Value [PAR] R [PAR] Caveat Spectator [PAR] Constant vulgarity, crude language, and profanity; crass sexual references and innuendo; some violence and carnage; fleeting drug use; lots of bad theology, not all of which is meant for comic effect. [PAR] About These Ratings [PAR] Let\u2019s begin where Dogma does, with the disclaimer. Dogma, we are told, is a \"comedic fantasy\"; and the film lives up to its billing. Consider an early scene in which George Carlin plays a Catholic cardinal spearheading a media and public relations campaign called \"Catholicism Wow!\" Among his proposals for revamping the Church\u2019s image are retiring the crucifix, which was determined (doubtless by focus groups) to be depressing and spooky, and replacing it with a smiling, winking, thumbs-up \"Buddy Christ\" figure. [PAR] Outrageous and provocative? Sure. But even devoutly traditional Catholics \u2014 some of whom have actually suffered silently (or not-so-silently) through similarly banal and shallow efforts of liturgists and others to make worship more \"relevant\" and \"up to date\" \u2014 need not take offense here. After all, the scene plays as satire; the Cardinal\u2019s proposals obviously go to ridiculous extremes, making such trendy and revisionistic liturgical monkey-tricks look as silly as they are. [PAR] Then in the next sequence Matt Damon as a semi-fallen angel named Loki (also the name of the Norse god of mischief) has a goofy monologue on The Walrus and the Carpenter as religious allegory: The Walrus, he says, stands for Eastern religions, since by his girth he resembles the Buddha and with his tusks he evokes \"the Hindu elephant god\"; while the Carpenter, naturally, stands for Christ, and by extension Western religion. This is just funny. I had Christian friends in college who did riffs like that; I remember a couple of guys developing a complex theory of higher criticism based on the cartoon-like illustrations in the Good News Bible. [PAR] There\u2019s a lot more buffoonery as the film progresses, including a fiery angel who gets doused by an extinguisher; a black \"thirteenth apostle\" named Rufus (Chris Rock) who claims that Jesus was black too; a muse named Serendipity (Salma Hayek); a giant poop monster with an origin story you\u2019ll never guess in 2000 years and a vulnerability too"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Letter Media Ghostbusters 2 \u2013 Half in the Bag ... Red Letter Media Ghostbusters 2 \u2013 Half in the Bag Commentary Track! : [PAR] RIP Harold Ramis. Not sure how good Ghostbusters 3 will be without Egon Spangler. [PAR] bluebottle [PAR] i\u2019m pretty sure it will be just as terrible. [PAR] Jason [PAR] I\u2019m sure Ghostbusters 3 will be just as good as the original, if not better. I mean, Hollywood wouldn\u2019t make a third installment on a 30 year old film just to cash-in on brand name recognition and nostalgia. That really doesn\u2019t seem like them. [PAR] Lilgreenman [PAR] I\u2019m not sure whether I\u2019d hate a reboot or sequel to Ghostbusters more. Dammit, can\u2019t we leave well enough alone? [PAR] Mike Jakermen [PAR] Whats wrong with Ghostbusters 2. Sure its not as good as Ghostbusters 1. But its hardly a bad movie. [PAR] Percy Gryce [PAR] I think my period is syncing up with Mike & Jay\u2019s because, totally randomly, I watched the first half of Ghostbusters last night. [PAR] Percy Gryce [PAR] There\u2019s not going to be a Ghostbusters 3\u2013at least not one with any of the original talent (save perhaps Ackroyd). [PAR] Lars [PAR] (Though the V would be more like an F, so it would roughly be pronounced like \u201cFawn-Seedoe\u201d) [PAR] WrongWithYourFace [PAR] Ahem, Kingdom of the Crystal Skull calling. [PAR] WrongWithYourFace [PAR] Oh, man! I need to borrow the movie from my friend now! [PAR] Lars [PAR] No way. Kingdom of the Crystal Skull was made because Spielberg and Lucas had all these ideas still waiting to burst out for decades. [PAR] It was an artistic tour de force for everything involved. At last, the original actors and creators were reunited to take one long, lingering look at the franchise and give us a structural and intellectual reassesment of the original material. Especially Harrison Ford broke ground finding new aspects and deeper meaning in a character that we all thought had been well established long. [PAR] It\u2019s like Goethe when he kept working on his Faust right up until his death. In both Faust II and Kingdom of the Crystal Skull we encounter creative minds reaching their intellectual and creative peak at the height of their maturity. [PAR] In short, WrongWithYourFace: Jason is right and you are wrong. Sorry to be blunt, but there is no alternative way of putting it without distoring the truth beyond belief. [PAR] I hope you appreciate me being candid, but in matters like that, honesty has to be more important than the rules of courtesy. [PAR] Chris [PAR] Around the 40:20 mark, it sounds like someone is laughing who is neither Mike, Jay or Rich. I might also be losing my mind. [PAR] WrongWithYourFace [PAR] I apologize. I am dumb. And the delete button didn\u2019t do my bidding. [PAR] Lars [PAR] My dear good sir, [PAR] your apology is accepted, of course. You are a true gentleman for accepting your error. I am humbled by your ability to accept defeat. [PAR] All I can hope that I will be able to behave just as nobly if the tables are ever turned. [PAR] TapewormBike [PAR] When I was a kid, the czech TV stations (that\u00b4s right, all three of them), had this weird habit of showing mostly sequels to great original movies. That is how I have an acquired hatred of this movie, Die Hard 2 and Robocop 2. The only one I appreciated at that time was New Batch, because, yay for Joe Dante not giving a single fuck. [PAR] Anyway, saving this track for a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shaznay Lewis | New Music And Songs Shaznay Lewis | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Shaznay Lewis [PAR] About Shaznay Lewis [PAR] The driving force behind the hugely popular All Saints, Shaznay Lewis was one of the most successful pop songwriters of the early noughties. Born in Islington, London, in 1975, Lewis grew up listening to Bob Marley and Johnny Mathis. As a teenager, she played three matches for Arsenal Ladies F.C., before she formed All Saints 1.9.7.5. after meeting Mel Blatt and Simone Rainford at a recording studio on All Saints Road in 1993. After Rainford left, the pair recruited sisters Natalie and Nicole Appleton, and dropped the numbers from their name. The group went on to become Spice Girls' main' chart rivals, scoring five chart-topping singles and two number one albums before disbanding in 2001. Three years later, Lewis became the final member to release a solo album, after signing a deal with London Records. Open, which featured the Top Ten single \"Never Felt Like This Before,\" reached number 22. In 2006, All Saints re-formed for a new studio album, Studio 1. Lewis appeared in the film Bend It Like Beckham, provided guest vocals for the Wideboys' Top 40 hit \"Daddy O,\" and won an Ivor Novello Award in 2001 for \"Pure Shores.\" ~ Jon O'Brien, Rovi [PAR] Hear more of[DOC] [TLE] Shaznay Lewis - News - imdb.com Shaznay Lewis - News [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 5 October 2015 3:01 AM, PDT | National Ledger | See recent National Ledger news \u00bb [PAR] All Saints are set to make a comeback. The 90s girl group are reportedly ''really excited'' about working on new music and all four members - Mel Blatt , Shaznay Lewis , Nicole Appleton and Natalie Appleton - are on board. A source said: ''The girls are really excited but the decision to make new music almost happened by accident. They had a great time supporting the Backstreet Boys on tour last year performing their old hits and thought there would be no harm done if they messed about together in the studio. ''The stuff they came up with sounded so good they thought, 'Shall we just go for it?' The songs are mainly being written with Shaznay as usual, and have the All Saints vibe running through them, but it's still very modern and pop.'' And the insider insists there is no rivalry between the 'Never Ever' hitmakers and the Spice Girls , \u00bb [PAR] 28 May 2015 12:10 AM, PDT | The Hollywood News | See recent The Hollywood News news \u00bb [PAR] We strive to cover as many theatre productions as physically possible here at Thn, and love it when one comes our way that ties into film at the same time. Sure we\u2019ve had some duds over the years, but there are also the gems that come our way too (we\u2019re thinking Dirty Dancing , Billy Elliot and the brilliant Once to name a few). [PAR] Now in previews but officially opening in a couple of weeks is the stage version of Gurinder Chadha \u2019s rather brilliant Bend It Like Beckham , which is probably most famous as being Keira Knightley \u2019s break-out movie. [PAR] The production officially opens at the end of June, and we hope to bring you a full review in the weeks leading up to the big opening night on the 24th, but for now here\u2019s a very special, first-look at the cast in the musical. [PAR] 22 March 2015 2:30 AM, PDT | Digital Spy | See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson - Universal Life Church Ministers Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson - Universal Life Church Ministers [PAR] Become A Minister [PAR] Dwayne \u201cThe Rock\u201d Johnson [PAR] Dwayne Johnson, or better known for his stage name as \u201cThe Rock\u201d, is an actor, athlete, television host, professional wrestler, and just recently, an ordained minister through the Universal Life Church. [PAR] Born in Hayward California, Johnson was the son of a professional wrestler, so it comes to no surprise that at an early age he was exposed to fitness and sports. Johnson was a highly praised athlete all throughout his years growing up, playing college football, track and field, and of course, wrestling. After school, Dwayne trained hard and earned multiple shots at wrestling matches where his career took off. [PAR] Fast forward to the present day, and Dwayne Johnson is a well known name in the wrestling industry and in Hollywood. He spent years wrestling in the WWE/WWF under the nickname \u201cThe Rock,\u201d where he became known as one of the greatest wrestlers of all time. He then pursued his career in acting and film, where he starred in many movies, most notably the Fast and Furious Franchise. He earned the title of highest grossing actor in 2013 by Forbes. He also holds the world record for most selfies in 3 minutes. [PAR] Johnson got ordained as a minister in order to give a fan a surprise wedding. He originally was asked to just be a part of the wedding, but Dwayne went above and beyond, getting ordained to perform the wedding, and give his fan a wedding of a lifetime. [PAR] Link to the video below[DOC] [TLE] Dwayne Johnson Arrested : snopes.com Dwayne Johnson Arrested : snopes.com [PAR] Dwayne Johnson Arrested [PAR] Dwayne Pain [PAR] Claim: Dwayne Johnson was arrested for illegally importing human growth hormone (HGH) into Australia. [PAR] False [PAR] Example: [Collected via e-mail and Twitter, July 2016] [PAR] Is this really true. Did Dwayne Johnson get arrested for smuggling in HGH human growth hormones? [PAR] Origin:On 4 July 2016, multiple Twitter and Facebook users published links claiming actor (and former wrestler) Dwayne Johnson (also known as \"The Rock) was arrested for importing human growth hormone (HGH) into Australia: [PAR] BREAKING NEWS! Dwayne Johnson, better known by his stage name THE ROCK Charged With Importing Human https://t.co/xOGIZv4FhE [PAR] \u2014 Keith Fuller Jr (@kilo_420) July 4, 2016 [PAR] Although the rumor spiked in early July 2016, it was not new as that time, as tweets reporting the same \"news\" had beeing appearing intermittently for more than a year. Moreover, social media mentions of Johnson's purported arrest were driven by an array of \"viral shares\" sites, none of which included much more than a photograph of the star in handcuffs from People magazine: [PAR] The People article to which the site linked did not report any such arrest. Published in July 2015, the People report featured a photograph of Johnson in costume, taken on-set while he was filming the movie Central Intelligence: [PAR] Some people can get away with wearing just about anything. [PAR] Take the fanny pack, for instance. Most of us see it as accessory of soccer moms and vacationing tourists. But not Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson. [PAR] On the set of next year's Central Intelligence, Johnson plays a character named Bob. And judging by a photo on Johnson's Instagram page, Bob is partial to wearing a fanny pack \u2014 fashionably paired with a Public Enemy T-shirt, of course. [PAR] It's apparently the perfect thing to wear when you're being arrested by a SWAT team."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sterling Holloway - IMDb Sterling Holloway - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Miscellaneous Crew [PAR] Popular American character actor of amusing appearance and voice whose long career led from dozens of highly enjoyable onscreen performances to world-wide familiarity as the voice of numerous Walt Disney animated films. Born in the American Deep South to grocer Sterling P. Holloway Sr. and Rebecca Boothby Holloway, he had a younger brother, ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 14 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 14 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 46 people [PAR] created 01 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 01 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 47 people [PAR] created 21 Oct 2014 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Sterling Holloway's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 2 wins & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] The Jungle Book 'Kaa' the Snake [PAR] (1967) [PAR] 1976 Tony the Pony (TV Series) [PAR] GG, the Wizard [PAR] 1973 NBC Children's Theatre (TV Series) [PAR] Colonel Corpuscle [PAR] 1973 Love, American Style (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Edwin Muller (segment \"Love and the Face Bow\") [PAR] 1967 Gilligan's Island (TV Series) [PAR] Burt [PAR] 1967 Family Affair (TV Series) [PAR] Frack [PAR] 1966 That Girl (TV Series) [PAR] Everett Valentine [PAR] 1966 F Troop (TV Series) [PAR] Sheriff Pat Lawton [PAR] 1964 Burke's Law (TV Series) [PAR] Fisk [PAR] 1964 The Twilight Zone (TV Series) [PAR] TV Repairman [PAR] 1961 Miami Undercover (TV Series) [PAR] Henry [PAR] 1961 Pete and Gladys (TV Series) [PAR] Lester Smith [PAR] 1961 Zane Grey Theater (TV Series) [PAR] Luther Adams [PAR] 1960 The Brothers Brannagan (TV Series) [PAR] Shopkeeper [PAR] 1960 The Real McCoys (TV Series) [PAR] Orval McCoy [PAR] 1960 Peter Gunn (TV Series) [PAR] Felony [PAR] 1960 The Untouchables (TV Series) [PAR] Horace De Vilbill [PAR] 1959 Five Fingers (TV Series) [PAR] Hayden [PAR] 1957 Circus Boy (TV Series) [PAR] Elmer Purdy [PAR] 1957 Hemo the Magnificent (TV Movie) [PAR] Lab assistant (uncredited) [PAR] 1956 Our Mr. Sun (TV Movie) [PAR] Chloro Phyll (voice, uncredited) [PAR] - Babs's Wedding (1956) ... Waldo Binney [PAR] - Waldo's Mother (1955) ... Waldo Binney / Mrs. Binney [PAR] Soundtrack (13 credits) [PAR] 2009 The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story (Documentary) (performer: \"Little Black Rain Cloud\", \"Up Down Touch The Ground\", \"Trust In Me\") [PAR] 1977 The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (performer: \"Up, Down, Touch the Ground\", \"Rumbly in My Tumbly\", \"(I'm Just A) Little Black Raincloud\", \"Mind Over Matter\", \"Like a Rather Blustery Day\", \"Hip-Hip Pooh-ray!\") [PAR] 1968 Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (Short) (performer: \"A Rather Blustery Day\") [PAR] 1967 The Jungle Book (performer: \"Trust in Me (The Python's Song)\" (1967) - uncredited) [PAR] 1966 Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (Short) (performer: \"Up, Down, and Touch the Ground\", \"Rumbly in My Tumbly\", \"Little Black Rain Cloud\", \"Mind Over Matter\") [PAR] 1946 Make Mine Music (\"Peter and the Wolf\" (1936)) [PAR] 1942 Star Spangled Rhythm (performer: \"A Sweater, a Sarong and a Peek-a-Boo Bang\") [PAR] 1941 Dumbo (performer: \"Rock-a-Bye Baby\" (1886), \"Happy Birthday\" (1893) - uncredited) [PAR] 1940 Remember the Night (performer: \"A Perfect Day\" (1910) - uncredited)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wookey Hole Caves Tour, Somerset, UK - YouTube Wookey Hole Caves Tour, Somerset, UK - YouTube [PAR] Wookey Hole Caves Tour, Somerset, UK [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 17, 2015 [PAR] A Tour around the Wookey Hole Caves in Somerset, UK. [PAR] Wookey Hole Caves are a series of limestone caverns, show cave and tourist attraction in the village of Wookey Hole on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills near Wells in Somerset, England. The River Axe flows through the cave. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for both biological and geological reasons. Wookey Hole cave is a \"solutional cave\", one that is formed through a process of weathering in which the natural acid in groundwater dissolves the rocks. Some of the water originates as rain that flows into streams on impervious rocks on the plateau before sinking at the limestone boundary into cave systems such as Swildon's Hole, Eastwater Cavern and St Cuthbert's Swallet; the remainder is rain that percolates directly through the limestone. The caves are at a constant temperature of 11 \u00b0C (52 \u00b0F). [PAR] The caves have been used by humans for around 45,000 years, demonstrated by the discovery of tools from the Palaeolithic period, along with the fossilised animal remains. Evidence of Stone and Iron Age occupation continued into Roman Britain. A corn grinding mill operated on the resurgent waters of the River Axe as early as 1086. The waters of the river are used in a handmade paper mill, the oldest extant in Britain, which began operations circa 1610.[4] The low temperature of the caves means that they can be used for maturing Cheddar cheese. [PAR] The caves are the site of the first cave dives in Britain which were undertaken by Jack Sheppard and Graham Balcombe. Since the 1930s divers have explored the extensive network of chambers developing breathing apparatus and novel techniques in the process. The full extent of the cave system is still unknown with approximately 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), including 25 chambers, having been explored. Part of the cave system opened as a show cave in 1927 following exploratory work by Herbert E. Balch. As a tourist attraction it has been owned by Madame Tussauds and, most recently, the circus owner Gerry Cottle. The cave is noted for the Witch of Wookey Hole \u2013 a roughly human shaped stalagmite that legend says is a witch turned to stone by a monk from Glastonbury. It has also been used as a location for film and television productions. [PAR] Check out the blog: http://travelshorts.com [PAR] Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/diveteam[DOC] [TLE] Wookey Hole Caves - Wells, Somerset - Community ... Tell people what you think [PAR] Scott Berry [PAR] January 8, 2017 [PAR] Have an annual pass for the whole family (really great value, only the cost of about two visits). Always a nice day out, wonder through the caves and lots of ot...her things to do as well (circus, old fashioned penny arcade and a soft play for when you need a break from the kids and a cup of tea) and the staff are always friendly too. We always drive back via Cheddar Gorge which is pretty on the way home (left out of Wookey Hole car park then up the lane onto"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Woodwork - Butt Joint information and Pictures Woodwork - Butt Joint information and Pictures [PAR] Butt Joint [PAR] [PAR] The butt joint is the most basic and simple joint to construct because it is made with only two pieces of timber that are butted together at the ends, this also means that the joint isn't very strong in fact it is the weakest joint that is used in woodwork but it is also the easiest to make. [PAR] This joint is held together with glue, nails, screws or dowel but can also be secured with a combination of methods to greatly increase its strength and aesthetics. [PAR] Because the butt joint is so weak and not very aesthetically pleasing it is only used in basic woodwork projects. The strength of this woodwork joint can be greatly increased by adding a rectangular or triangular block of wood in the corner to increase the surface area where adhesives are applied.[DOC] [TLE] Woodwork - Mitre Joint information and Pictures Woodwork - Mitre Joint information and Pictures [PAR] Mitre Joint [PAR] [PAR] The mitre joint is another one of those woodwork joints that is almost as easy to construct and make as a butt joint. Even though it is similar to a butt joint this joint is marginally stronger and has much greater aesthetics. [PAR] The reason why this type of joint is stronger and more appealing than a butt joint is because the ends are cut at a 45\u00b0 angle and then glued together, this creates better surface area for adhesive to be applied while also concealing the end grain giving it a nice flush look. [PAR] The best results for these joints are achieved by cutting the angle of the joint with a drop saw instead of a hand saw, this creates very straight and neat edges. [PAR] The mitre joint is very common on picture frames because there is no end grain showing and they don't require much holding strength. Sometimes a frame made from this type of joint is used to attach or cover the edges of wood panelling."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ford - Overview - Review - CarGurus - Used Cars, New Cars ... Ford - Overview - Review - CarGurus [PAR] Ford Zephyr [PAR] Ford Overview [PAR] One of the earliest manufacturers, Ford invented the mass-produced, assembly-line factory for cars. Over the years the company has put out some of America's favorite classic cars, such as the sporty Ford Mustang and the Ford Thunderbird. (Ford has also created some of the automotive world's most notable disasters, including the Edsel and the Pinto.) [PAR] Based in Dearborn, Michigan, the Ford Motor Company is a pillar of the US corporate community. Despite recent money woes and scattered layoffs, Ford continues to turn out some of the market's most popular products. Ford's pickup trucks, especially the sales juggernaut F-150 line, are ubiquitous on farms and ranches across the US and Canada. [PAR] In the late 1990s, Ford put a lot of its eggs into the 'bigger is better' basket, upsizing its truck lines and creating several SUV models. The recent climb in gas prices and resulting contraction of the sport-utility vehicle market has been a tough pill for Ford to swallow. [PAR] Ford is something of a player on the international scene as well, with a 10% share of the European market. Some of the popular fuel-efficient compacts marketed in Europe may be just the ticket to bail Ford out of its current woes. And the company's acquisition of Jaguar (in 1989) and Volvo (in 1999) may be part of a long-term global strategy. [PAR] Ford's come a long way since founder Henry Ford marketed the Model T through the Sears Catalog, announcing that 'you could have any color you wanted, as long as it was black!' [PAR] In late 2006, Bill Ford announced that Alan Mulally would be taking over the role of CEO and President of Ford Motor Company; Bill Ford remains in the role of Executive Chairman. [PAR] Mulally brings some important experience to Ford: as president and CEO of Boeing's Commercial Airplanes Division from 1998 to 2006, he engineered a dramatic corporate turnaround for the aeronautics giant. Let's see whether Mulally's magic works for Ford as well![DOC] [TLE] Ford Wiki - Ford Wiki Ford Wiki - Ford Wiki [PAR] Ford Wiki [PAR] The following is a list of vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company under the Ford marque. For other vehicles produced by Ford Motor Company see List of Mercury vehicles , list of Lincoln vehicles , Edsel . [PAR] Contents [PAR] v \u2022 Ford postwar template \u2022 e [PAR] Ford road car timeline, North America market, 1946\u20131979 \u2014 Ford vehicles timeline (North America, modern) </span> [PAR] Type [PAR] v \u2022 Modern North American Ford vehicles \u2022 e [PAR] Ford vehicles timeline (North America, classic) \u2014 Ford road car timeline, North America market, 1980s\u2013present [PAR] Type [PAR] v \u2022 Early European Ford vehicles \u2022 e [PAR] Ford car timeline, Europe market, 1960s\u20131980s \u2014 [PAR] v \u2022 Modern European Ford vehicles \u2022 e [PAR] \u00ab [PAR] \u2014 Ford car timeline, European market, 1980s\u2013present [PAR] Type [PAR] Ford Motor Company of Australia , automobile timeline, 1980s\u2013present [PAR] Type [PAR] Ford Anglia (1940-1967, Europe) [PAR] Ford Aspire (1994-1997, rebadged Kia Avella) primarily an American car but exported to Canada, Spain, Greece, Malta [PAR] Ford Bantam (1983-present, South Africa) [PAR] Group C (1981, Europe) [PAR] Ford Capri (1961-1964, 1969-1986, Europe; 1989-1994, Australia) [PAR] Ford Carousel (name for Cortina in Brazil) [PAR] Ford Corsair (1989-1992, Australia, rebadged Nissan Pintara) [PAR] Ford Cortina (1962-1982, Europe)(Australia (1981 Brazil and North America) [PAR] Ford Crusader North America rebadged Cortina [PAR] Ford Custom (Used periodically"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"The Monopoly Tour of London\" by berndt2 | Redbubble \"The Monopoly Tour of London\" by berndt2 | Redbubble [PAR] The Monopoly Tour of London [PAR] November 11, 2008 [PAR] London is a city whose major streets are immortalised in the Parker Bros boardgame Monopoly. So it made sense to celebrate moving there by doing the tour of the various properties. It took weekends over a six+ month period (there were a couple of us participating) but I reckon it was worth it. [PAR] I love how even now, years later, you can see the progression in the wealth and opulence of the various addresses. Yes, there have been some elevations and some falls from grace, but overall the rankings have remained fairly apt. [PAR] Here they all are: [PAR] Old Kent Road (purple 1 of 2). The game starts here, and here is\u2026 kind of nowhere, in the context of London. [PAR] Whitechapel Road (purple 2 of 2). It\u2019s in quite an ethnic location, close to Brick Lane where there are a lot of Indian restaurants. [PAR] The Angel, Islington (light blue 1 of 3). \u2018The Angel\u2019 is apparently the building itself as well as the nearby station, and Islington is the suburb it\u2019s in. [PAR] Euston Road (light blue 2 of 3). It\u2019s a long road featuring (appropriately) Euston Station as well as Kings Cross. [PAR] Pentonville Road (light blue 3 of 3). Conveniently, this road joins Angel, Islington to Euston Road (both light blue properties) \u2013 very convenient. That said, It\u2019s long, and there didn\u2019t seem to be much along it of interest (by which I mean : cafes, HMVs or bookstores) [PAR] Pall Mall (Purple 1 of 3) Check out the increase in gentrification! This photo was taken near where a lot of caterers were setting up for the filming of some John Cusack / Chow Yun Fat movie. Or so we were told. [PAR] Whitehall (Purple 2 of 3). The British Prime Minister\u2019s residence of 10 Downing Street branches off this road (behind some thick iron gates and a security detachment, I feel inclined to add\u2026) [PAR] Northumberland Avenue (Purple 3 of 3). The Sherlock Holmes Pub and its cool \u2018Sherlock Holmes\u2019 shingle are in the background. [PAR] Bow Street (Orange 1 of 3). There are some interesting things on this street, but none of them are in this picture (because they didn\u2019t have the street sign showing, whereas this does) [PAR] Marlborough Street (Orange 2 of 3). This is the grandest of the three orange properties, branching off Regent Street (green property). It seems to have had the word \u2018Great\u2019 added to it, possibly in celebration of that fact. [PAR] Vine Street (Orange 3 of 3). Although it\u2019s the premiere Orange property on the board, it\u2019s clear that in real life it\u2019s fallen on rather hard times. It\u2019s basically an alleyway. [PAR] (The) Strand (Red 1 of 3). Pretty cool walk, there are about three cafe Neros and a Maccas and the Savoy on this street. [PAR] Fleet Street (Red 2 of 3) Quite possibly the nicest street to walk along, with the prettiest buidings, pubs, views of Blackfriars and St Pauls, not to mention some art deco architecture, churches, the original Twinings headquarters, churches and a statue of a dragon. I\u2019m a fan of Fleet Street! [PAR] Trafalgar Square (Red 3 of 3) A shot of the street sign with the name would mean taking a rather boring shot that encompassed none of the square itself, and probably only a Malaysian airlines office and a meat restaurant. The sign is near where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are Britain's most common birds? || News & Features ... What are Britain's most common birds? || News & Features || CJ Wild Bird Food [PAR] What are Britain's most common birds? [PAR] Categories [PAR] Subscribe to our newsletter for: [PAR] Exclusive offers [PAR] What are Britain's most common birds? [PAR] Posted on [PAR] 30th September 2015 [PAR] Ask the average person to name Britain's most common bird and they'll probably pick the Feral Pigeon. This is understandable, as for most people, the flocks of pigeons that inhabit the UK's towns and cities are the birds they see most often. However, research suggests the species is not actually the most common in the country. [PAR] According to the RSPB and the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), there are just over half a million breeding pairs of Feral Pigeons in the UK. The organisations' research is not conclusive and whether the number of pigeons living in urban areas has been accurately calculated isn't clear, but with 11 other species reported to have a UK population that numbers one million or more, it seems the Feral Pigeon is someway down the list of Britain's most common birds. [PAR] The million or more club [PAR] So, if not the Feral Pigeon, what are the most numerous species in the UK? Three members of the Corvid (crow) family - the Carrion Crow, Rook and Jackdaw - all have populations roughly between one and 1.4 million. For Pheasants, the population is recorded as 2.3 million females, with no figure available for males. Considering the species is polygynous - one male breeds with a harem of females - it's likely the overall population may be closer to three million. [PAR] Also among the country's most common birds are the Great Tit and Blue Tit. Always attractive garden visitors, these species have populations of roughly 2.3 million and 3.6 million breeding pairs respectively. [PAR] The top five [PAR] We now move on to the UK's top five most numerous birds. [PAR] 5. House Sparrow [PAR] At number five, it's the House Sparrow, with the latest research putting the species' population at 5.3 million breeding pairs. However, sparrow numbers have actually fallen dramatically in recent years, with an estimated decline of 71 per cent occurring between 1977 and 2008. You can give the House Sparrow population a helping hand by providing them with somewhere to nest in your garden. [PAR] 4. Wood Pigeon [PAR] The fourth most common UK bird is the Feral Pigeon's cousin the Wood Pigeon. Larger, and some would say more attractive, than their feral counterparts, Wood Pigeons are a common sight in both urban and rural environments, with 5.3 million breeding pairs calling the UK home. [PAR] 3. Chaffinch [PAR] In third is the colourful Chaffinch, with a population of around 6.3 million across the country. One of the main reasons Chaffinches are so numerous is the ease with which they have adapted to living in gardens, parks and other man-made environments. [PAR] 2. Robin [PAR] Recently voted the nation's favourite bird, the Robin is also the second most numerous, with a population of around 6.7 million. You can make your garden an attractive destination for these iconic birds by providing their favourite food . [PAR] 1. Wren [PAR] Britain's most common bird is one of its smallest: the Wren. Because of its diminutive size, the typical Wren is just two per cent the weight of a Wood Pigeon, and tendency to stick to cover, the species isn't seen as regularly as its large population would suggest. Increase your chances of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Closest Living Relative of Ancient Elephant Bird Is Tiny Closest Living Relative of Ancient Elephant Bird Is Tiny [PAR] Closest Living Relative of Ancient Elephant Bird Is Tiny [PAR] By Charles Q. Choi, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] May 22, 2014 02:08pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] An adult brown kiwi ( Apteryx australis ) beside the egg of a huge elephant bird ( Aepyornis maximus ). A new genetic study suggests these two bizarre and dramatically different birds are close cousins. [PAR] Credit: Kyle Davis and Paul Scofield, Canterbury Museum [PAR] Ostriches and their flightless relatives are found across the globe not because continental drift forced them apart, but rather because the ancestors of these birds spread across the world through flight, and only later became flightless, researchers say. [PAR] The largest species of flightless birds alive today are called the ratites, and include the ostrich, emu and rhea. These birds' ancestors were once even larger, such as the elephant bird, which stood 10 feet (3 meters) tall, and the moa, which could grow nearly as large. However, not all ratites are big; smaller ones include the chicken-sized kiwi. [PAR] Ratites live all over the planet: ostriches in Africa, emus in Australia, rheas in South America and kiwis in New Zealand. The now-extinct elephant birds once lived in Madagascar. Scientists had long thought different species of ratites evolved from equally flightless ancestors after the splitting of the supercontinent Gondwana separated different populations of the birds. The ancient Gondwana landmass included what is now Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, India, Arabia, New Zealand and Madagascar. [ Image Gallery: 25 Amazing Ancient Beasts ] [PAR] Beginning roughly 130 million years ago, Gondwana broke up into what are now the landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere. Africa and Madagascar also separated early on, about 100 million years ago. This suggests that the African ostrich and the Madagascan elephant birds are the oldest branches of the ratite family tree. Genetic analyses suggest the ostrich is indeed an old species, but whether this is also true of elephant birds had been uncertain, since the extinct status of these birds made it difficult to analyze their genetic information. [PAR] At 10 feet (3 meters) tall and weighing 550 pounds (250 kilograms), the elephant bird (Aepyornis maximus) wanders through the spiny forest of ancient Madagascar. [PAR] Credit: Brian Choo [PAR] After sequencing and analyzing genetic data from two species of elephant bird, scientists unexpectedly discovered the closest living relative of these birds is actually the small kiwi, and not the large ostrich , to which the elephant birds bear a closer physical resemblance. [PAR] \"We found that elephant birds and kiwis arose from a common ancestor around 50 million years ago,\" said lead study author Kieren Mitchell, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Adelaide's North Terrace Campus in Australia. \"This is after even New Zealand had become isolated.\" [PAR] In fact, elephant birds are only distantly related to ostriches, the researchers said. [PAR] \"It was a real surprise that elephant birds are most closely related to kiwis \u2014 it's completely unprecedented,\" Mitchell told Live Science. \"No one in over a century of study has proposed this relationship. This is because the two groups are just so different. Elephant birds are 3-meter [10 feet] tall, 275-kilogram [600 lbs.] giant herbivores from Madagascar, while kiwis are 5-kilogram [10 lbs.], secretive, shy, nocturnal omnivores from New Zealand.\" [PAR] The unexpected relationship between the elephant bird and the kiwi \"highlights the power of evolution to produce radically different forms over a relatively short period of time,\" Mitchell said. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Pandemonium of Parrots: Collective Nouns for Animal A Pandemonium of Parrots: Collective Nouns for Animal Groups [PAR] Home / Blog / A Pandemonium of Parrots: Collective Nouns for Animal Groups [PAR] A Pandemonium of Parrots: Collective Nouns for Animal Groups [PAR] Posted on: 03-9-2013 by: Brian Wasko [PAR] I recently posted an article on subject-verb agreement when the subject is a collective noun, and in researching collective nouns, I came across several sites that list the numerous and colorful names for groups of particular animals. [PAR] We all know dogs come in packs, cattle come in herds, and fish travel in schools. But did you know that a group of otters is called a romp or that a bunch of peacocks is an ostentation? [PAR] Below is a fairly comprehensive list garnered from various locations on the web. I don\u2019t know how authoritative it is, as no two sites had quite the same list. Who\u2019s in charge of such matters anyway? [PAR] I found myself fascinated for hours (literally) by this list. So many of these names are beautiful, clever, or evocative. Take, for example, a bloat of hippos, a bouquet of pheasants, or a murmuration of starlings. I love the alliteration of a flamboyance of flamingos, a rhumba of rattlesnakes, or a scurry of squirrels. Or the humor of a prickle of porcupines, a memory of elephants, or a lounge of lizards (really?) I can\u2019t pick a favorite \u2014 an ambush of tigers? A murder of crows? A pounce of cats? There is poetry here. [PAR] Please don\u2019t resist the urge to talk about your favorites in the comments below! And, of course, feel free to share this. [PAR] *****"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puffinus, a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes Puffinus, a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes [PAR] Shearwaters [PAR] Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It comprises about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters . There are two other shearwater genera Calonectris , which comprises three large shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species. The latter are usually named as petrels, although they are thought to be more closely related to the shearwaters than to the other petrels . [PAR] Despite the resemblance in the name, the puffins are auks , and completely unrelated to the shearwaters in the genus Puffinus; the genus name Puffinus is actually a New Latin loanword based on the English \"puffin\". The original Latin term for shearwaters was usually the catchall name for sea-birds, mergus (Thompson 1918). [PAR] The taxonomy of this group is the cause of much debate, and the number of recognised species depends on the source. [PAR] The species in this group are long-winged birds, dark brown or black above, and white to dark brown below. They are pelagic outside the breeding season. They are most common in temperate and cold waters. [PAR] These tubenose birds fly with stiff wings, and use a shearing flight technique to move across wave fronts with the minimum of active flight. Some small species, like Manx Shearwater are cruciform in flight, with their long wing held directly out from their bodies. [PAR] Many are long-distance migrants, perhaps most spectacularly the Sooty and Short-tailed Shearwaters which perform migrations of 14,000 km or more each year. [PAR] Puffinus shearwaters come to islands and coastal cliffs only to breed. They are nocturnal at the colonial breeding sites, preferring moonless nights. This is to minimise predation. They nest in burrows and often give eerie contact calls on their nighttime visits. They lay a single white egg. [PAR] They feed on fish, squid and similar oceanic food. Some will follow fishing boats to take scraps, notably Sooty Shearwater ; these species also commonly follow whales to feed on fish disturbed by them. [PAR] Taxonomy [PAR] Traditionally, Puffinus has been grouped with the Procellaria and Calonectris shearwaters. However, more recent results (Austin 1996, Heidrich et al. 1998, Austin et al. 2004) have determined that the genus is apparently paraphyletic and while in part very close to Calonectris , forms a clade with the genera Pseudobulweria and Lugensa which were formerly presumed to be gadfly petrels , and can be divided in what has been called the \"Puffinus\" and the \"Neonectris\" group after notable species; the latter would if separated as a distinct genus be named Ardenna (Penhallurick and Wink 2004). The former is taxonomically confusing, with species having been split and re-merged in the last years (Heidrich et al. 1998, Austin et al. 2004). [PAR] Genus Puffinus [PAR] Buller's Shearwater , Puffinus bulleri [PAR] Fossil record [PAR] Several fossil species which became extinct long ago are also known. It appears that the proportion of larger (\"Neonectris\") species was larger before the Pliocene, i.e. before marine mammals diversified: [PAR] \"Puffinus\" group [PAR] Puffinus tedfordi (Pleistocene of W North America) [PAR] Puffinus nestori (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Ibiza) [PAR] \"Neonectris\" group [PAR] Puffinus conradi (Early Miocene of Calvert County, USA) [PAR] Puffinus cf. tenuirostris (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, USA) [PAR] Puffinus sp. 1 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, USA) [PAR] Puffinus sp. 2 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, USA) [PAR] Puffinus pacificoides (Pleistocene of Saint Helena, Atlantic) [PAR] Unassigned [PAR] ?Puffinus raemdonckii (Early Oligocene of Belgium) - formerly in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bad Piggies - Antagonists Wiki - Wikia Bad Piggies | Antagonists Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] The Bad Piggies are the main antagonists of the Angry Birds video game franchise, and the secondary antagonists in The Angry Birds Movie. They constantly to steal eggs from the Angry Birds. To prevent the birds from reclaiming their eggs, they construct buildings and other structures. The Pigs reappear in Angry Birds Rio as balloons. In The Angry Birds Movie, it is revealed that they have a leader named Leonard . [PAR] They are all green in color and come in different variants: small, medium, and large and sometimes wear different accessories and hats.[DOC] [TLE] Play Free Angry Birds Games at Poki.com! - Play the Best ... ANGRY BIRDS GAMES - Play Free Angry Birds Games at Poki.com! [PAR] Games Skill Games Angry Birds Games [PAR] Angry Birds Games [PAR] Angry Birds Come Back to Nest [PAR] Play now [PAR] Cut The Rope: Time Travel [PAR] Play now [PAR] Plant and Zombie Small War 2 [PAR] Play now [PAR] Fireboy and Watergirl: Treasure Addicts [PAR] Play now [PAR] Angry Birds Games [PAR] 9252.788 Votes [PAR] Our collection puts the world's biggest mobile craze right onto your computer. You can play all of your favorite Angry Birds games, including the seasonal and Rio expansion packs! Best of all, every level in our collection is completely free to play. Launch standard fowl, ice birds, and even exploding weapons in various levels. By choosing the right combination of projectiles and launch angle, you can earn new high scores! Destroy each structure, free trapped birds, and collect tons of points! [PAR] Our collection of Angry Birds games provides levels and challenges for all types of players. You can complete simple puzzles, destroying egg-stealing pigs in basic structures. Or, take on more advanced challenges, breaking down buildings and forts with precision blows. If you use only one bird to destroy an entire tower, you could earn bonus points! Your mouse is all you need to control your birds, adjusting launch angle and power with simple movements. Angry Birds are waiting for you! [PAR] More categories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | Best: Decline of the golden boy BBC NEWS | UK | Best: Decline of the golden boy [PAR] Best: Decline of the golden boy [PAR] Best's life has lurched from one drama to the next [PAR] When overseas journalists are picking the best players of all time, George Best is often the only player from Britain and Ireland to get a look in. [PAR] He was arguably second only to Pele in his footballing skill but his career was cut short by his lifestyle and addiction to alcohol. [PAR] In 2002, his years of drinking took their toll and he had a liver transplant. [PAR] After the life-saving operation, the star, now 59, pledged to give up alcohol but started to drink again. [PAR] I spent a lot of money on booze, birds and fast cars - the rest I just squandered [PAR] George Best [PAR] His transplant had prompted questions about whether alcoholics should get donor livers, and Best's doctor warned that continued drinking would be catastrophic. [PAR] In February 2004, Best was banned from driving for 20 months after pleading guilty to a drink-driving charge. [PAR] He claimed he had been trying to drive himself to a health farm to tackle his problems. [PAR] His marriage to his former air hostess wife Alex ended in a \"quickie\" divorce in April 2004. [PAR] Couple's fights [PAR] In October 2003, Best sold his European Footballer of the Year award but failed to get reserve price for his 1967-8 Football Writers' Footballer of the Year prize, as he tried to raise money to buy a house in Corfu. [PAR] BEST'S FEATS [PAR] 1946: Born May 22 in Belfast [PAR] 1963: Makes debut for Man Utd [PAR] 1964: Northern Ireland debut [PAR] 1965: United win the league championship [PAR] 1968: Voted English and European footballer of the year [PAR] 1970: Sent off for Northern Ireland for throwing mud at ref [PAR] 1972: Quits United aged 26 [PAR] Best, who worked as a pundit on Sky's Soccer Saturday show, has even caused controversy with his views on the game, particularly when dismissing the abilities of David Beckham in 2000. [PAR] In June this year he was arrested over allegations that he had indecently assaulted a teenage girl and hit a woman - the charges were later dropped. [PAR] The boy from Belfast would want to be remembered for his amazing feats as a player. [PAR] Best combined dishevelled good looks and supreme talent with a rock 'n' roll lifestyle that made him the first in what has since become a long line of players whose antics have become not just tabloid entertainment, but big news. [PAR] The growth of television - Best made his debut as a 17-year-old the year before the BBC began its weekly Match of the Day show - meant he was rocketed to stardom in a way never experienced by those before him. [PAR] Arguably the most naturally gifted footballer of his generation, Best is famous for squandering his skill and failing to achieve his full potential. [PAR] He revelled in the limelight but, as the first of the new superstars, found himself unable to cope with the temptations littered across his path. [PAR] \"I spent a lot of money on booze, birds and fast cars. The rest I just squandered,\" he famously said of his lifestyle. [PAR] Lost promise [PAR] Best walked out of top class football in 1972 aged just 26. [PAR] Many of his fans will forever rue his lost promise, the promise which led a scout to telephone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] uss Sulaco uss Sulaco [PAR] uss Sulaco [PAR] uss Sulaco [PAR] Lod\u010f\u017c\u02dd/Ships [PAR] Lo\u010f\u017c\u02dd U.S.S. Sulaco snad ani nelze p\u010f\u017c\u02ddedstavovat, ale p\u010f\u017c\u02ddesto pro nov\u010f\u017c\u02dd p\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddchoz\u010f\u017c\u02dd d\u010f\u017c\u02ddm p\u010f\u017c\u02ddr informac\u010f\u017c\u02dd. [PAR] There is no need to introduce the U.S.S. Sulaco, but for new fans, some information will be displayed here. [PAR] Model t\u010f\u017c\u02ddto lodi byl vytvo\u010f\u017c\u02dden pro film Vet\u010f\u017c\u02ddelci (Aliens 1986) Jamese Camerona. Za designem se skr\u010f\u017c\u02ddv\u010f\u017c\u02dd Syd Mead a tvrobou filmov\u010f\u017c\u02ddho modelu byli pov\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddeni brat\u010f\u017c\u02ddi Skotakov\u010f\u017c\u02dd. Za zaj\u010f\u017c\u02ddmavost stoj\u010f\u017c\u02dd, \u010f\u017c\u02dde d\u010f\u017c\u02ddla na Sulacu byla p\u010f\u017c\u02dded\u010f\u017c\u02ddl\u010f\u017c\u02ddv\u010f\u017c\u02ddna a model samotn\u010f\u017c\u02dd je detailn\u010f\u017c\u02dd vyhotoven jen na pravoboku. [PAR] The movie prop was constructed for James Cameron\u010f\u017c\u02dds ALIENS (1986) movie. Syd Mead is responsible for the design and Skotak Brothers for the construction. Interesting Thing is, that the rail-guns positions were changed and the whole model is detailed from the right side only. [PAR] Galerie p\u010f\u017c\u02ddipravovan\u010f\u017c\u02ddho modelu / Prepations of the model gallery [PAR] P\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddb\u010f\u017c\u02ddhov\u010f\u017c\u02dd je lo\u010f\u017c\u02dd p\u010f\u017c\u02ddid\u010f\u017c\u02ddlena jako transport koloni\u010f\u017c\u02ddln\u010f\u017c\u02ddch mari\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddk\u010f\u017c\u02dd (USCM-United States Colonial Marines) , kte\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02dd maj\u010f\u017c\u02dd pro\u010f\u017c\u02ddet\u010f\u017c\u02ddit , co se vlastn\u010f\u017c\u02dd stalo s koloni\u010f\u017c\u02dd na LV-426. To\u010f\u017c\u02dd v\u010f\u017c\u02dde k fimov\u010f\u017c\u02dd p\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddb\u010f\u017c\u02ddhov\u010f\u017c\u02dd lince. \u010f\u017c\u02ddir\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02dd okolonosti okolo lodi byly pops\u010f\u017c\u02ddny mnoha fanou\u010f\u017c\u02ddky a rozch\u010f\u017c\u02ddzej\u010f\u017c\u02dd se i v docela podstatn\u010f\u017c\u02ddch detailech. Za sebe m\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddu \u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddct jen to, co jsem odpozoroval a co m\u010f\u017c\u02dd p\u010f\u017c\u02ddipadne jako nejv\u010f\u017c\u02ddce pravd\u010f\u017c\u02ddpodobn\u010f\u017c\u02dd. Tak\u010f\u017c\u02dde u.s.s.Sulaco m\u010f\u017c\u02dd d\u010f\u017c\u02ddlku lehce p\u010f\u017c\u02ddes 731 metr\u010f\u017c\u02dd , nese 2 v\u010f\u017c\u02ddsadkov\u010f\u017c\u02dd lod\u010f\u017c\u02dd UD-4L (jsem ochoten p\u010f\u017c\u02ddipustit i 4).Hang\u010f\u017c\u02ddr pro v\u010f\u017c\u02ddsadkov\u010f\u017c\u02dd lod\u010f\u017c\u02dd m\u010f\u017c\u02dd n\u010f\u017c\u02ddco k 80ti metr\u010f\u017c\u02ddm d\u010f\u017c\u02ddlky. Podle po\u010f\u017c\u02ddtu z\u010f\u017c\u02ddchrann\u010f\u017c\u02ddch modul\u010f\u017c\u02dd EEV by se maxim\u010f\u017c\u02ddln\u010f\u017c\u02dd kapacita pos\u010f\u017c\u02dddky dala po\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddtat ke 100 lid\u010f\u017c\u02dd. Potvrzeno je zat\u010f\u017c\u02ddm zhruba 30 (dva v\u010f\u017c\u02ddsadky po 15 ti lidech). Lo\u010f\u017c\u02dd d\u010f\u017c\u02ddle disponuje 5ti hang\u010f\u017c\u02ddry pro p\u010f\u017c\u02ddil\u010f\u017c\u02ddt\u010f\u017c\u02ddvaj\u010f\u017c\u02ddc\u010f\u017c\u02dd lod\u010f\u017c\u02dd. Tyto hang\u010f\u017c\u02ddry jsou obsluhov\u010f\u017c\u02ddny port\u010f\u017c\u02ddlovou rampou, kter\u010f\u017c\u02dd se pohybuje v\u010f\u017c\u02dddy p\u010f\u017c\u02dded p\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddslu\u010f\u017c\u02ddn\u010f\u017c\u02dd hang\u010f\u017c\u02ddrov\u010f\u017c\u02dd dve\u010f\u017c\u02dde. Dal\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02dd funkce lze jen odhadovat. Nap\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddklad ,co vyvol\u010f\u017c\u02ddv\u010f\u017c\u02dd um\u010f\u017c\u02ddlou gravitaci nebo jak\u010f\u017c\u02dd m\u010f\u017c\u02dd lo\u010f\u017c\u02dd motory. Z vn\u010f\u017c\u02ddj\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddch znaku lze usoudit n\u010f\u017c\u02ddco o v\u010f\u017c\u02ddzbroji (kanony, railguny a \u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddsticov\u010f\u017c\u02dd d\u010f\u017c\u02ddla) nebo charakteristice pohonu (reaktor s chlad\u010f\u017c\u02ddc\u010f\u017c\u02dd v\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02dd). [PAR] In the story is the ship assigned as a transport for colonial Marines (USCM-United States Colonial Marines), which must investigate, what happened with the colony on the LV426. That\u010f\u017c\u02dds all to the movie line. In the bigger perspective there is no proper (correct) information. Most fans disagree on the major details of the back story. Personally, the only things that I can state are facts that were mentioned in the movie. So, the U.S.S. Sulaco is a little bit over 731 meters in length, carry two of the UD-4L Drop-ships (I can tolerate 4). The hangar for the drop-ships is over 80 meters in length. By the number of EEV vehicles we can calculate hypothetical capacity to 100 people. There are 30 crew members confirmed (two drops with 15 people). In the front hull there are 5 hangars for incoming ships. Two Portal ramps operated in front of the hangar doors on each side of the ship. Other functions are unknown. How is artificial gravity works, What kind of engines the ship have?..And so on. From the outer signs we can guess something about the weapons (cannons, rail-guns, partial beams), or engine character (rounded reactor with the \" cooling tower\") [PAR] Galerie filmov\u010f\u017c\u02ddho modelu / Movie prop gallery [PAR] u.s.s.Sulaco je prvn\u010f\u017c\u02ddm ze t\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02dd (Sulaco, Sulaco3 , Patna ) pap\u010f\u017c\u02ddrov\u010f\u017c\u02ddch model\u010f\u017c\u02dd , kter\u010f\u017c\u02dd bude po \u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddstech mo\u010f\u017c\u02ddno st\u010f\u017c\u02ddhnout , vytisknout a slepit. Model je v kamufl\u010f\u017c\u02ddi vybledl\u010f\u017c\u02dd a za\u010f\u017c\u02ddpin\u010f\u017c\u02ddn\u010f\u017c\u02dd n\u010f\u017c\u02ddmo\u010f\u017c\u02ddn\u010f\u017c\u02dd modr\u010f\u017c\u02dd. k Sulacu si m\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02ddete je\u010f\u017c\u02ddt\u010f\u017c\u02dd st\u010f\u017c\u02ddhnout Addony (p\u010f\u017c\u02dd\u010f\u017c\u02dddavky) v podob\u010f\u017c\u02dd v\u010f\u017c\u02ddsadkov\u010f\u017c\u02ddch lod\u010f\u017c\u02dd Bug Stomper 01 & Smart Ass 02 a z\u010f\u017c\u02ddchrann\u010f\u017c\u02ddho modulu BD-409 EEV v nov\u010f\u017c\u02dd a zni\u010f\u017c\u02dden\u010f\u017c\u02dd podob\u010f\u017c\u02dd. V\u010f\u017c\u02ddechny lod\u010f\u017c\u02dd v\u010f\u017c\u02ddetn\u010f\u017c\u02dd addon\u010f\u017c\u02dd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Building Blake's 7 - The Liberator - hermit.org Building Blake's 7 - The Liberator [PAR] The Liberator... Probably the Greatest Spacecraft Ever! [PAR] Way back in the festive season of 1977, the Radio Times proudly announced the arrival of its new sci-fi drama: Blake's 7. As a loyal and devoted 9 year old fan of Dr Who, I viewed this upcoming series as a rival and possible replacement for the show I cherished. However, within seconds of setting eyes on this article, something caught my imagination. It wasn't the incredibly attractive blonde called Jenna, but the image above her. [PAR] Spread across two lavishly coloured pages was the breathtaking sight of what still remains today as the most beautiful looking spacecraft ever designed. From that moment onwards, I was a loyal B7 fan before the opening episode had even aired. Like many others, I assumed that the green power source was the ship's cockpit until the spellbinding episode Spacefall revealed the ship in her full glory. It was a directional reversal that added to the Liberator's appeal. No one had simply seen a ship of this design before. [PAR] In a break from tradition, producer David Maloney commissioned the BBC's top designer Roger Murray-Leach to design both the Liberator's exterior and interior because Maloney viewed both assignments as one concept. It was a move that infuriated the special effects department who would normally be responsible for designing spacecraft exteriors. Ian Scoones, who supervised all the effects for the 1st season and contributed greatly to some memorable B7 designs, had already designed the Liberator exterior himself only to find that Leach's design had been approved at an earlier stage of pre-production. Scoones' design however was rather functionary (looking uncannily like season 4's Scorpio) and lacked the visual appeal of Leach's blueprint. Scoones made a minor adjustment to Leach's final design, which had an oval power source by replacing it with a more practicable sphere, and he passed on the design to outside contractors Space Models (who built many of the models for UFO & Space 1999) based at Feltham. In a interview for Dreamwatch during the late 80's, Scoones revealed that he regarded the Liberator as \"terribly Eastern, architecturally,\" adding \"you can tell a set designer has designed it rather than somebody into spaceships!\" [PAR] Once Space Models had completed the 3-foot long white model, Scoones then passed the Liberator onto Martin Bower whom had just two days to add intricate detail to the ship's hull and weapon pods. Bower added hundreds of minute pieces of plasticard and panel lines using biro and pencil! He also added four red oxide blocks around the nose and \"Letraline\" Flex-a-Tape to the \"engine ball\" which broke up the green area. After having first hand problems in transporting the definitive Liberator model, Bower and Scoones realised that the model was far too heavy to be flown on wires because it contained brass, so Bower constructed a slightly smaller version. Something he later cursed when he realised that he would have to replicate all the fine and intricate detail he had added to the original model. Bower also constructed a 20 inch Liberator for long shots using EMA tubing and Perspex. [PAR] When it came to filming the Liberator, Scoones fears of the \"impractical\" design were proved to be right. The physical demands of flying the model are almost legendary. Scoones feels that the SFX department would have taken this into account had they designed it. \"There are many ways of flying a model so you don't see the wires, and the Liberator was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rodger Young (176) - Starship Troopers Wiki - Wikia Rodger Young (176) | Starship Troopers Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] While underway, the ship was damaged when its communications array was hit by an asteroid. Shortly afterwards, the Rodger Young was repaired and a different type of command module was added to the structure before she was able to return to active service. The Rodger Young took part in the massive Battle of Klendathu , and was one of the few ships that managed to survive the disaster with only moderate damage. [PAR] The ship was later destroyed in the Invasion of Planet P when a Plasma burst tore the ship in two. [PAR] During these events, Carmen Ibanez was assigned as a pilot of the Rodger Young, under the supervision of Zander Barcalow . Starship Troopers [PAR] Known personnel [PAR] Accessories: Display plate with serial number [PAR] A pre-paint model of Rodger Young. [PAR] Rodger Young Earlier version (Sci-Fi Figure Gallery, 2009) [PAR] Accessories: Display plate with serial number [PAR] A pre-paint model of Rodger Young with a communication module damaged by the meteor. [PAR] Notes [PAR] Edit [PAR] The ship is named after Rodger Wilton Young , a private who posthumously earned the Medal of Honor in the Pacific Theater of World War II. [PAR] A continuity error involving the Rodger Young can be seen in the film Starship Troopers 3: Marauder . During a scene showing the York , at least two Corvette Transports appear in the shot that bear the same ship number as the Rodger Young, which was 176. This error is due to the fact that the models of the Corvette Transports used in the third film were models of the Rodger Young that were left over after the production of the first film. [PAR] Appearance[DOC] [TLE] Starship Troopers Rodger Young | CollectionDX Starship Troopers Rodger Young | CollectionDX [PAR] Home \u00bb 2010 \u00bb Starship Troopers Rodger Young [PAR] Starship Troopers Rodger Young [PAR] \"Come on, you apes! You wanta live forever?\" -Unknown platoon sergeant, 1918 [PAR] The Rodger Young arrives courtesy of Yamato USA . [PAR] A Controversial Novel [PAR] Robert A. Heinlein's 1959 novel, Starship Troopers, had a big effect on me at age 13. I was living in the frozen wastes of Michigan, in a town so small it boasted a bank, a grocery store, a hardware store, a laundromat, a school, and not much else. There was also not much access to science fiction for me, beyond the old '50s and '60s era books our library stocked. But there was something very different about Starship Troopers. Reading about dying in some crazy power armored space war was a far cry from Asimov's laws of robotics and Arthur C. Clarke's monoliths. [PAR] In retrospect, it makes since that a boy who grew up with Robotech would be interested in Starship Troopers as a teenager, but all I knew is that this brutal space war was a great escape from the confusion and tedium of teenage life in a tiny town in northeastern Michigan. [PAR] An Action Movie Satire [PAR] By the time Paul Verhoeven's film adaptation came out, I was living in relatively sunny California, an hour out of San Francisco, and a thousand times more aware of the influence Starship Troopers had on the Japanese cartoons I was into. I actually saw Starship Troopers with my stepdad and his father. Both men had been in the military and they treated the movie as a war film. For me it was quite different, because I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lifeforce (1985) - IMDb Lifeforce (1985) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A race of space vampires arrive in London and infect the populace. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 18 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 17 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 09 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Lifeforce \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A boy tries to stop aliens who have taken over his town and are attempting to brainwash its inhabitants. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] A comet wipes out most of life on Earth, leaving two Valley Girls to fight the evil types who survive. [PAR] Director: Thom Eberhardt [PAR] A group of scientists have developed the Resonator, a machine which allows whoever is within range to see beyond normal perceptible reality. But when the experiment succeeds, they are immediately attacked by terrible life forms. [PAR] Director: Stuart Gordon [PAR] When two bumbling employees at a medical supply warehouse accidentally release a deadly gas into the air, the vapors cause the dead to rise again as zombies. [PAR] Director: Dan O'Bannon [PAR] Four teenage friends spend the night in a carnival funhouse and are stalked by a deformed man in a Frankenstein mask. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The space shuttle Churchill is assigned to observe the Halley's Comet under the command of Col. Tom Carlsen. They see a strange form attached to the comet and Carlsen goes with a team to investigate. They find three humanoid life forms in caskets and they bring them to the Churchill. However, Earth loses contact with the shuttle and the Space Research Center sends another spacecraft to search the Churchill. They find the crew dead and the shuttle burnt and one rescue pod missing. They bring the humanoids to Earth and soon Dr. Hans Fallada and his team discover that the Space Girl is a sort of vampire and drains the life force from people transforming them into zombies. When the authorities find that Col. Tom Carlsen has survived, they summon him to explain what happened in the Churchill. Carlsen tells an incredible story about the three aliens and he teams up with Col. Colin Caine trying to save mankind from the evil vampires from the space. Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [PAR] See All (288) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] In outer space they unleashed a force more evil than the world had ever imagined!.. [UK Theatrical] See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 21 June 1985 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby (35 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Jeremy Bulloch was considered for Roger Derebridge and Kelly. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Col. Caine was supposed to be in the SAS, yet his troops were dressed as members of the Parachute Regiment. Also they were incorrectly armed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lost In Space: The Launch of The Jupiter 2 ! Part 1 - YouTube Lost In Space: The Launch of The Jupiter 2 ! Part 1 - YouTube [PAR] Lost In Space: The Launch of The Jupiter 2 ! Part 1 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 11, 2010 [PAR] Part 1. A re-imagining of the first automated test flight of the Jupiter 2 from the TV show \"Lost in Space.\" [PAR] Set in the year 2097 at the Alpha Control Shipyards on Jupiter's moon, Callisto. The ship's systems are tested during a shakedown flight before the spacecraft is sent to Earth to pick up the Robinson Family a week later. The Jupiter 2 is the first in a series of ships designed to take families from Earth to the new colony planet in orbit around Alpha Centauri. [PAR] Part 1 shows the launch, attainment of escape velocity from Callisto, the deployment of the ship's sensors and engagement of the navigational systems. Part 2 will take a look at the ship's passenger compartment and feature the most famous crew member, Robot B9. [PAR] All models, animation, original texture mapping & editing by me. Sound FX are modified from the show. Royalty-free music from AudioMicro, since FOX hates any use of their own music, even if it's fair use.... All models created entirely with 3ds MAX. Compiled with AfterEffects & Audacity. EDIT: YOUTUBE CLAIMS THE MUSIC IS \"TEXTURE\" BY HEXAGRAM. THAT IS NOT TRUE. The tracks are named \"Taklamakan\" and \"Arctic Voices.\" IT IS ROYALTY-FREE MUSIC from AUDIO-MICRO. [PAR] Recognition must be given to Art Creber and Robert Kinoshita, the original designers of the Jupiter 2 and the Robot, and many of the props in the show. A sincere thank you for giving us a means by which our imaginations can run free. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] lost in space jupiter 2 | eBay lost in space jupiter 2 | eBay [PAR] lost in space jupiter 2: [PAR] [PAR] $69.95 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] $80.00 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] $47.00 [PAR] 4 bids [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 [PAR] eBay determines this price through a machine learned model of the product's sale prices within the last 90 days. [PAR] eBay determines trending price through a machine learned model of the product\u2019s sale prices within the last 90 days. \"New\" refers to a brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item, and \"Used\" refers to an item that has been used previously. [PAR] Top Rated Plus [PAR] Sellers with highest buyer ratings [PAR] Returns, money back [PAR] Sellers with highest buyer ratings [PAR] Returns, money back"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The twist ending of \"Planet Of The Apes\" (2001) explained ... The twist ending of \"Planet Of The Apes\" (2001) explained @ Things Of Interest [PAR] Discussion (65) [PAR] 2009-11-03 21:37:05 by YarKramer: [PAR] For the record, the 2001 movie has approximately the same twist as the original novel, though there was only one instance of space-travel in that, so it doesn't have the time-travel explanation. (And it also has a framing device, with a fairly predictable \"tomato surprise\" at the end, which isn't present in either film ...) [PAR] 2009-11-03 22:08:32 by dankuck: [PAR] I hadn't pondered the 2001 Planet of the Apes in a while. I was pretty much satisfied with it, being a time travel nut myself. Instead of opposite directions I assumed the cloud has some sort of \"center point\" in time such that the further you are from it, the further on the other side of it you'll come out. I supposed it works out the same, because relative to that point, time is moving in opposite directions (even though it's objectively the same direction). Have you needed to explain this to someone in particular? [PAR] Now do Primer. [PAR] 2009-11-03 22:54:43 by Jake: [PAR] >there is no reason why the Planet Of The Apes can't still be Earth-in-the-distant-future, as it is in the original flick. [PAR] If the Planet of the Apes were the distant past, it would make even more sense. Instead of requiring a hypothetical ape to develop space flight and travel through the storm, the entire Planet of the Apes just sort of sits around and eventually turns into our own. [PAR] Seconded on Primer. [PAR] Very confusing plot. Enjoyable action [PAR] 2012-09-04 01:40:30 by Amanda: [PAR] Ag i fully understand what ur saying, and totally believe ur theory of how the movies tie together, makes perfect sense to me :) [PAR] 2012-09-04 02:34:38 by ogamfive: [PAR] I have a very different hypothesis as to how the Oberon arrived much earlier than either pod - Thade's capitalizing on its salvageable technology never was explained, of course, as no sequel was ever made - and it involves what I'm calling the 'paradox of surface area electrical potential within a vacuum'- gravitation has little or no value within such an environment, as has been well-established. So, if an object that is larger becomes caught in a magnetic storm such as the one which proves to be the crew's utter downfall, it will be carried much farther and faster in a timestream regardless of its temporal direction due to a MUCH greater surface area being exposed to the fields, created by the interface between denser energies (including matter) with the higher-vibrating elements, mirroring how Time may work on Earth and other planets - could also be viewed as a stargate, switchback or wormhole; one can also think of it as a more rapid energetic current within the larger, slower stream.....it's my belief Tesla's discovery that every object in the universe produces not just a signature electrical charge, but corresponding magnetic field, coupled with planetary (and solar, hence sunspots) differing centers of gravity, creates a basis supportive of sentient life..... [PAR] 2012-09-04 02:54:57 by ogamfive: [PAR] .....neglected to point out also how the apes evolved so fast: exposure to the magnetic storm also altered their DNA; as David Wilcock details in his paradigm-shattering book The Source Field Investigations, pioneers such as Dr. Robert Becker discovered that certain strengths of magnetic stimuli and changes to other energetic environmental variables related to species evolution do indeed produce these kinds of expedited effects..... [PAR] 2012-09-04 05:53:51"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home - Magic! Home - Magic! [PAR] Clip [PAR] In 2014, Toronto-bred, Los Angeles-based quartet MAGIC! scored the song of the summer with their debut single \u201cRude\u201d \u2014 a buoyant reggae-pop tune that held the No. 1 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 for six weeks, charted in 41 countries, and sold more than 10 million singles, while its video nears a billion VEVO views. It was a juggernaut that launched their debut album, Don\u2019t Kill the Magic, into the Top 10 and introduced MAGIC!\u2019s breezy sound \u2014 a catchy fusion of reggae, pop, and R&B \u2014 to the world. \u201cWhen \u2018Rude\u2019 got big, my thought was, \u2018What do we do with this?\u2019\u201d says the band\u2019s lead vocalist and chief songwriter Nasri. \u201cSo we chased it. We used its success to get us around the world a few times and to turn those 350 million streams into a fan base.\u201d [PAR] Indeed over the past two years MAGIC! has established itself as a bonafide sensation thanks to its undeniably catchy sound, superlative songwriting, and masterful musicianship. Now the band, which also features guitarist Mark Pelli, drummer Alex Tanas, and bassist Ben Spivak, has released a new single, the Caribbean-tinged \u201cLay You Down Easy\u201d (featuring Sean Paul), which debuted at No. 1 on Billboard\u2019s Reggae Digital Songs chart and racked up two million Spotify streams and one million VEVO views in its first two weeks. MAGIC! is also gearing up for the July release of its new album, Primary Colours, which finds the band further displaying its reggae influences and pop smarts. [PAR] \u201cThe ultimate goal was to make an album that is groovy and fun,\u201d Nasri says. \u201cWe are embracing ourselves now. We\u2019ve actually found our identity and have really gotten to know each other as friends and fellow musicians. We had only known each other a short time when we made our debut album.\u201d [PAR] Produced by Nasri and Adam Messinger (who as Grammy-winning production duo the Messengers, have scored hits for Justin Bieber, David Guetta, Shakira, Chris Brown, Pitbull, and Christina Aguilera), and with production assists from Pelli and Tanas, Primary Colours is the sound of a band that has come into its own. \u201cEach of these guys is a phenomenal musician and they all stepped up in various capacities, whether it was writing, playing, or producing,\u201d says Nasri. \u201cMark is extraordinary and plays everything to the highest degree. He has these amazing colors. Alex really grew as a producer and was stronger about sharing his opinion, and Ben is always open and very melodic, he played all over the record. My bandmates are always shocking me with what they can do musically. Everyone\u2019s contribution is always full-hearted.\u201d [PAR] The creative bond that the band members have developed is palpable in the good-natured bounce of the music on Primary Colours, as are the rhythms the four have soaked up through their worldwide travels. Last year they toured as first support for Maroon 5 and performed headlining shows across the U.S., South America, Asia, and Europe. \u201cWe definitely had that spiritual connection to the cultures we visited,\u201d Nasri says. \u201cWe\u2019re all natives of Canada, but we have different heritages. But when we get together, the guitar and the bass come out and we start to go with it. When we were in the studio making Primary Colours, the more rock-oriented songs started to give way to the groovier songs, and we thought, \u2018This is us, We are this fusion band.\u2019 It\u2019s like home for me. I\u2019ll make a song and if something doesn\u2019t feel right, I\u2019ll try"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Words Of Love | The Beatles Bible Words Of Love | The Beatles Bible [PAR] On Air - Live At The BBC Volume 2 [PAR] Written and recorded by Buddy Holly in 1957, Words Of Love was the only of his songs to be recorded by The Beatles. [PAR] A number of Buddy Holly's songs had been performed live by The Beatles from their earliest days. These included That'll Be The Day , Peggy Sue, Everyday, It's So Easy, Maybe Baby, Think It Over, Raining In My Heart, and Crying, Waiting, Hoping . [PAR] The Beatles' name was partly inspired by Holly's backing group, The Crickets. All four members were keen Holly fans, and in 1976 McCartney bought the publishing rights to his songs. [PAR] The group had performed Words Of Love between 1958 and 1962, with Lennon and Harrison singing. For the Beatles For Sale recording, however, Lennon and McCartney shared vocal duties. [PAR] Buddy Holly was completely different; he was out of Nashville, so that introduced us to the country music scene. I still like Buddy's vocal style. And his writing. One of the main things about The Beatles is that we started out writing our own material. People these days take it for granted that you do, but nobody used to then. John and I started to write because of Buddy Holly. It was like, 'Wow! He writes and is a musician'. [PAR] Paul McCartney [PAR] Anthology [PAR] Words Of Love was first released in the UK on the Beatles For Sale album, the group's fourth. In the US it was included on the Beatles VI collection. [PAR] Although Words Of Love was the only Buddy Holly song in The Beatles' canon, they did busk a version of Mailman, Bring Me No More Blues during the Get Back sessions in 1969. While not written by Holly, the song was originally released in 1957 as the b-side to Words Of Love. The Beatles' version was eventually included on Anthology 3 . [PAR] In the studio [PAR] Words Of Love was the final song recorded on 18 October 1964 , during which they recorded seven songs in nine hours in a rush to finish the album. [PAR] The Beatles recorded the song in two takes, along with a vocal overdub. Ringo Starr played a suitcase along with his drums, in homage to Jerry Allison's performance on Holly's Everyday. [PAR] Lyrics [PAR] And tell me how you feel [PAR] Tell me love is real [PAR] Words of love [PAR] You whisper soft and true [PAR] Darling I love you [PAR] Let me hear you say [PAR] The words I long to hear [PAR] Darling when you're near [PAR] You whisper soft and true [PAR] Darling I love you [PAR] SD Monday 13 July 2009 [PAR] Ringo drums only on the packing case. There\u2019s no drumset.[DOC] [TLE] CD Reviews: The Beatles Remasters | Popdose CD Reviews: The Beatles Remasters [PAR] CD Reviews: The Beatles Remasters [PAR] September 9, 2009 [PAR] Popdose Staff [PAR] [kml_flashembed movie=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/7nY0SRsAeaw\" width=\"600\" height=\"344\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" fvars=\"fs=1\" /] [PAR] Let me say this at the outset: if you think that the release of 14 remastered Beatles albums is some sort of marketing gimmick, think again. If you can\u2019t hear the difference in sound quality, you\u2019ve either never heard the original versions or you should be visiting an audiologist soon. This set of stereo remasters instantly takes its place as the holy grail of Beatles music. Nothing that has come before can possibly do for the true fan anymore. [PAR] The Popdose staff split up the duties on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pharrell Williams - Happy (Despicable Me 2 - Lyric Video ... Pharrell Williams - Happy (Despicable Me 2 - Lyric Video) - YouTube [PAR] Pharrell Williams - Happy (Despicable Me 2 - Lyric Video) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 18, 2013 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pharrell Williams' 'Happy' Brings Frowns To Billboard ... Pharrell Williams' 'Happy' Brings Frowns To Billboard Competition For Seventh Time : Entertainment : Design & Trend [PAR] Pharrell Williams' 'Happy' Brings Frowns To Billboard Competition For Seventh Time [PAR] Michael Briggs , Design & Trend Staff Writer [PAR] Apr, 09, 2014, 05:06 PM [PAR] Tags : Pharrell Williams , happy , music , Billboard [PAR] Close [PAR] Pharrell Williams' \"Happy\" is cementing its status as of one of the year's biggest hits, taking the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 for the seventh time, Billboard reports. [PAR] \"Happy\" has led Billboard's Radio Songs chart for six weeks, recently claiming 225.4 million all-format audience impressions, which is just shy of Robin Thicke's \"Blurred Lines\" record for the biggest weekly audience with 228.9 million impressions. Williams and rapper T.I. were also featured on \"Blurred Lines.\" [PAR] \"Happy\" also leads the charts for top Digital Songs, Pop Songs, Adult Pop Songs, R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay and Adult R&B Songs Airplay. The track claimed seven consecutive weeks of at least 300,000 downloads sold until this past week, according to Nielsen SoundScan data. [PAR] However, Williams does appear to have a legitimate chance of being knocked off of his position by next week, as John Legend's track \"All of Me\" continues to rise, taking the top spot this week on the \"subscription services-based\" On-Demand Songs chart. The song is Legend's first Hot 100 top ten and has finished at no. 2 on the chart three times. [PAR] The ever-busy Williams was recently announced as a coach for season 7 of NBC's \"The Voice,\" Entertainment Weekly reports. [PAR] The Grammy winner will join the reality singing competition's coaching staff, which features Adam Levine, Blake Shelton, Shakira and Usher in season six. Williams previously appeared on the show in season 4 as an adviser to Usher's team and also performed \"Blurred Lines\" alongside Robin Thicke last season. [PAR] Season 7 of \"The Voice\" will air this fall, with season six wrapping up on May 20. [PAR] Willaims, who scored the upcoming \"Amazing Spider-Man 2\" and will be featured on the film's soundtrack for his Kendrick Lamar and Alicia Keys-assisted track, \"It's On Again,\" is certainly off to a good start this year. [PAR] Singer Pharrell Williams (C) performs at the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood, California March 2, 2014. (Photo: REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson) [PAR] The singer/producer's track \"Happy\" was his first number one as a lead artist in the chart's nine-year history. [PAR] His second solo studio album , \"G I R L\" released in February and debuted in the top ten of Billboard's albums chart. The 10-track project includes features from Miley Cyrus, Justin Timberlake, Alicia Keys and Daft Punk. Other guests include Timbaland, who beatboxes on \"Brand New,\" Kelly Osbourne, a background vocalist on \"Marilyn Monroe\" and singers Leah LaBelle, Tori Kelly and JoJo. [PAR] His busy 2014 will also reportedly feature a joint EP with rapper Mac Miller called \" Pink Slime .\" [PAR] Related"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK MUSIC CHARTS , No.1 Singles - BITTER SUITE BAND UK MUSIC CHARTS, No.1 Singles [PAR] 1: Al Martino - Here In My Heart - 14/11/1952. [PAR] 1953 [PAR] 2: Jo Stafford : You Belong To Me - 16/1/1953 [PAR] 3: Kay Starr : Comes A-Long A-Love - 23/1/1953. [PAR] 4: Eddie Fisher: Outside Of Heaven - 30/1/1953. [PAR] Feb [PAR] 5: Perry Como: Don't Let The Stars Get In Your Eyes - 6/2/1953 [PAR] March [PAR] 6: Guy Mitchell: She Wears Red Feathers - 13/3/1953 [PAR] April [PAR] 7: Stargazers: Broken Wings - 10/4/1953 [PAR] 8: Lita Roza: (How Much Is) That Doggie In The Window - 17/4/1953 [PAR] 9: Frankie Laine: I Believe - 24/4/1953 [PAR] June [PAR] 10: Eddie Fisher: I'm Walking Behind You - 26/6/1953 [PAR] Aug [PAR] 11: Mantovani Song: from 'The Moulin Rouge' - 14/8/1953 [PAR] Sept [PAR] 12: Guy Mitchell: Look At That Girl - 11/9/1953 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 13: Frankie Laine: Hey Joe - 23/10/1953 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 14: David Whitfield: Answer Me - 6/11/1953 [PAR] 15: Frankie Laine: Answer Me - 13/11/1953 [PAR] 1954 [PAR] 16: Eddie Calvert: Oh Mein Papa 8/1/1954 [PAR] March [PAR] 17: Stargazers: I See The Moon 12/3/1954. [PAR] April [PAR] 18: Doris Day: Secret Love 16/4/1954 [PAR] 19: Johnnie Ray: Such A Night 30/4/1954 [PAR] July [PAR] 20: David Whitfield: Cara Mia 2/7/1954 [PAR] Sept [PAR] 21: Kitty Kallen: Little Things Mean A Lot 10/9/1954 [PAR] 22: Frank Sinatra: Three Coins In The Fountain 17/9/1954 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 23: Don Cornell: Hold My Hand 8/10/1954 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 24: Vera Lynn: My Son My Son 5/11/1954 [PAR] 25: Rosemary Clooney: This Ole House 26/11/1954 [PAR] Dec [PAR] 26: Winifred Atwell: Let's Have Another Party 3/12/1954 [PAR] 1955 [PAR] 27: Dickie Valentine: Finger Of Suspicion 7/1/1955. [PAR] 28: Rosemary Clooney: Mambo Italiano 14/1/1955 [PAR] Feb [PAR] 29: Ruby Murray: Softly, Softly 18/2/1955 [PAR] March [PAR] 30: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Give Me Your Word, 11/3/1955 [PAR] April [PAR] 31: Perez Prez Prado & His Orchestra: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 29/4/1955 [PAR] May [PAR] 32: Tony Bennett: Stranger In Paradise 13/5/1955 [PAR] 33: Eddie Calvert: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 27/5/1955 [PAR] June [PAR] 34: Jimmy Young: Unchained Melody 24/6/1955 [PAR] July [PAR] 35: Alma Cogan: Dreamboat 15/7/1955 [PAR] 36: Slim Whitman: Rose Marie 29/7/1955 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 37: Jimmy Young: The Man From Laramie 14/10/1955 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 38: Johnston Brothers: Hernando's Hideaway 11/11/1955 [PAR] 39: Bill Haley & His Comets: Rock Around The Clock 25/11/1955 [PAR] Dec [PAR] 40: Dickie Valentine: Christmas Alphabet 16/12/1955 [PAR] 1956 [PAR] 41: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Sixteen Tons 20/1/1956. [PAR] Feb [PAR] 42: Dean Martin: Memories Are Made Of This 17/2/1956 [PAR] March [PAR] 43: Dream Weavers: It's Almost Tomorrow 16/3/1956 [PAR] 44: Kay Starr: Rock And Roll Waltz 30/3/1956 [PAR] April [PAR] 45: Winifred Atwell: Poor People Of Paris 13/4/1956 [PAR] May [PAR] 46: Ronnie Hilton: No Other Love 4/5/1956 [PAR] June [PAR] 47: Pat Boone: I'll Be Home 15/6/1956 [PAR] July [PAR] 48: Frankie Lymon And The Teenagers - Why Do Fools Fall in Love 20/7/1956 [PAR] Aug [PAR] 49: Doris Day - Whatever Will Be Will Be (Que Sera, Sera) 10/8/1956 [PAR] Sept [PAR] 50: Anne Shelton - Lay Down Your Arms 21/9/1956 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 51: Frankie Laine - A Woman In Love 19/10/1956 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 52: Johnnie Ray - Just Walking In The Rain 16/11/1956 [PAR] 1957 [PAR] 53: Guy Mitchell.. Singing The Blues 4/1/1957 [PAR] 54: Tommy Steele.. Singing The Blues 11/1/1957 [PAR] 55: Frankie Vaughan.. The Garden Of Eden"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ella Henderson - Music on Google Play Ella Henderson - Music on Google Play [PAR] Ella Henderson [PAR] About the artist [PAR] Gabriella Michelle \"Ella\" Henderson is an English singer and songwriter. She was a contestant in the ninth series of The X Factor in 2012 and got into the final 12, finishing in sixth place, despite being a strong favourite to win. She was subsequently signed to Syco Music. [PAR] Henderson's first single, \"Ghost\", co-written with Ryan Tedder, was released on 8 June 2014 and gave Henderson her first number one song on the UK Singles Chart while remaining in the top five of the chart for eight consecutive weeks. It has subsequently been certified Platinum for sales in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Henderson has subsequently released a follow-up single called \"Glow\", the single then charted at Number one in Indonesia, Number Seven on the UK Singles Chart, Number Seventeen in Ireland and at Number twenty six in New Zealand. Henderson's third single, \"Yours\", charted at Number eight in Scotland and Number sixteen achieving a Gold certificate thus selling 200,000 copies. Henderson later featured in Sigma's new single \"Glitterball\", which peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart, Number twenty in Ireland and Number two on the UK Dance charts. [PAR] 1 [PAR] $7.99 [PAR] Chapter One is the debut studio album by British singer and songwriter Ella Henderson. It was released on 10 October 2014 by Syco Music. Chapter One reached number one in the UK in its first week o... [PAR] 1 [PAR] Jess Glynne [PAR] 0 [PAR] Jessica Hannah \"Jess\" Glynne is an English singer and songwriter, signed to Atlantic Records. She rose to prominence as a featured artist on Clean Bandit's Grammy Award-winning single \"Rather Be\" a... [PAR] 0 [PAR] James Arthur [PAR] 0 [PAR] James Andrew Arthur is a British singer and songwriter who won the ninth series of The X Factor in 2012. His debut single, \"Impossible\", was released by Syco Music after the final and debuted at nu... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Ella Eyre [PAR] 0 [PAR] Ella McMahon, known by her stage name Ella Eyre, is an English singer and songwriter, signed to Virgin EMI Records. She is best known for her collaborations with Rudimental on their UK number one s... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Olly Murs [PAR] 0 [PAR] Oliver Stanley \"Olly\" Murs is an English singer, songwriter, television presenter and actor. He rose to fame after finishing as the runner up in the sixth series of The X Factor in 2009. He is curr... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Ellie Goulding [PAR] 0 [PAR] Elena Jane \"Ellie\" Goulding is an English singer and songwriter. Her career began when she met record producers Starsmith and Frankmusik, and she was later spotted by Jamie Lillywhite, who later be... [PAR] 0 [PAR] George Ezra [PAR] 0 [PAR] George Ezra Barnett is an English singer-songwriter and musician. After releasing two EPs, Did You Hear the Rain? in October 2013 and Cassy O' in March 2014, Ezra rose to prominence with the releas... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Paloma Faith [PAR] 0 [PAR] Paloma Faith is an English singer, songwriter and actress, known for her retro and eccentric style. Faith released her debut album Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful? in 2009, featuring t... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Sam Smith [PAR] 0 [PAR] Samuel Frederick \"Sam\" Smith is an English singer-songwriter. He rose to fame in October 2012 when he was featured on Disclosure's breakthrough single \"Latch\", which peaked at number eleven on the ... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Rita Ora [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bang Bang - Nicki Minaj Wiki - Wikia Bang Bang | Nicki Minaj Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \" Anaconda \" [PAR] \"Bang Bang\" is a song by Jessie J , Ariana Grande , and Nicki Minaj . It serves as a joint single from all three. It's the first single from Jessie J's third studio album, Sweet Talker, released on October 10, 2014. It was included on the deluxe edition of Ariana's sophomore album, My Everything, which came out August 22, 2014. The Song was not however included on Nicki's album The Pinkprint . The song was released on July 29, 2014 as a digital download. The song impacted Top 40 Mainstream (Pop), Top 40 Rhythmic, and Hot AC stations on the same day. A music video was shot on July 30-31, and premiered on August 24. The song was included on Just Dance 2015. It was included on the US version (Now! 52) and the UK version (Now! 89) of the music complilation album series Now That's What I Call Music!. [PAR] It peaked at #1 becoming Nicki's first ever UK chart-topper, Ariana's 2nd, and Jessie J's 3rd. It became Nicki and Jessie J's 1st ever US Pop radio #1 while becoming Ariana's 2nd. The song has been certified 5x Platinum in the US (making it her third song to ever do so), 3x Platinum in Australia and Canada, 2x Platinum in New Zealand, Norway and Sweden, Platinum in Denmark, Italy and the UK, and Gold in Spain. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] On June 30, 2014, Jessie J tweeted that she was revealing her new single a day later and that it featured two artists. On July 1, she announced the single called \"Bang Bang\", and that the two features were Nicki Minaj and Ariana Grande. The official release date was revealed to be July 29, 2014. In a press release, it was revealed to be the lead single from Jessie J's new album and will be included on Ariana's album as well. Jessie J released a snippet of her verse on IG, and Republic Records posted a snippet of the beat on Vine on July 9. On July 23, Nicki posted a snippet of her verse. On July 27, Ariana Grande posted her snippet. [PAR] The song was released as a digital download on July 29, 2014, and impacted Top 40 Mainstream (Pop), Top 40 Rhythmic, and Hot AC stations the same day. It was the #1 most added song on both Pop & Rhythmic. [PAR] Music Video [PAR] [1] [PAR] A fan asked Nicki if they were going to shot a video, and she badged the tweet. The music video will be shot by Hannah Lux Davis . It was shot on July 30-31, and premiered on August 24, 2014 at the MTV Video Music Awards . It premiered on VEVO the next day. [PAR] Live Performances [PAR] Edit [PAR] Nicki, Ariana, and Jessie performed the song for the first time together at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards . Then Nicki and Ariana performed it again at the 2014 iHeartRadio Music Festival . All three performed the song together again at the 2014 American Music Awards . [PAR] Charts[DOC] [TLE] Ariana Grande, Jessie J & Nicki Minaj Tease New Song 'Bang ... Ariana Grande, Jessie J & Nicki Minaj Tease New Song 'Bang Bang' On Instagram [LISTEN] : MStarsNews [PAR] Ariana Grande, Jessie J & Nicki Minaj Tease New Song 'Bang Bang' On Instagram [LISTEN] [PAR] Get the Most Popular Mstars News [PAR] (Photo : Mike Coppola/Getty Images) Ariana Grande"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NME News Iggy Azalea teams up with Rita Ora for new single ... Iggy Azalea teams up with Rita Ora for new single 'Black Widow' - NME [PAR] NME [PAR] 8:51 pm - Jul 4, 2014 [PAR] 0shares [PAR] The song follows the rapper's global smash hit 'Fancy' [PAR] Jess Baumung/NME [PAR] Rapper Iggy Azalea has teamed up with Rita Ora for her new single \u2018Black Widow\u2019. [PAR] The song will be released on September 14 and features a chorus written by Katy Perry as well as production from Stargate. The release follows Azelea\u2019s guest spot on Ariana Grande\u2019s \u2018Problem\u2019, as well as \u2018Fancy\u2019 featuring Charli XCX, which has now sold over 3.5 million copies worldwide. [PAR] Azalea has spoken about the forthcoming video for the song, commenting: \u201cWe\u2019re gonna have a very crazy music video, with a lot of other people that you guys may know, playing different characters. I\u2019m really excited about it.\u201d [PAR] Azalea plays Wireless Festival this weekend. The Australian rapper recently matched The Beatles US chart record, scoring both the Number One and Number Two spots in the Billboard Hot 100, with her first two entries on the chart, \u2018Fancy\u2019 and \u2018Problem\u2019. The last act to achieve this feat was The Beatles in February 1964, with \u2018I Want to Hold Your Hand\u2019 at Number One and \u2018She Loves You\u2019 at Number Two. [PAR] Speaking about the accolade, Azalea said it didn\u2019t \u201cmean anything\u201d. Distancing herself from the record, she said: \u201cI\u2019d rather be The Rolling Stones.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle Of Little Bighorn | HistoryNet Battle of Little Bighorn Coverup [PAR] By Robert Nightengale [PAR] Editor\u2019s note: Like many George Armstrong Custer defenders, the author of the following article believes that Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen were to blame for the 7th Cavalry\u2019s failure in Montana 120 years ago. And, like some of those Custer defenders, the author believes that Reno and Benteen tried to hide the truth. Part of that truth, the author suggests, may have been that Colonel Custer actually crossed the Little Bighorn River and fought in the Indian village. [PAR] June 25, 1876. It has become a day of myth and mystery. On that date, Lieutenant Colonel (Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer and the 7th Cavalry fought perhaps the biggest alliance of Plains Indians hostile to the government that had ever gathered in one place. As every student of the American West knows, the 7th Cavalry lost that battle, and Custer\u2019s personal command, about 210 soldiers, was wiped out. Without a survivor of Custer\u2019s command to tell the story, with the possible exception of the young Crow scout Curley, it is only natural that the dramatic event would trigger more debate and conjecture than any other battle in U.S. history. [PAR] The entire 7th Cavalry was not destroyed in the desperate fighting. Under the command of Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen, about 400 soldiers and scouts survived a two-day siege on a bluff about four miles from where Custer was annihilated. On June 27, reinforcements commanded by Brig. Gen. Alfred Terry arrived on the battlefield to rescue the survivors and bury the dead of the 7th Cavalry. A coverup of the facts of the battle immediately began\u2013a coverup endorsed by many, but orchestrated first and foremost by Major Reno and Captain Benteen. [PAR] Custer\u2019s political difficulties during the spring of 1876 and his testimony in Washington, D.C., concerning governmental corruption on the frontier also kept the authorities from pursuing an investigation that might clear up some of the mystery. It was an election year, and President Ulysses S. Grant and his administration had no desire to elevate Custer from his former status of political enemy to that of martyr. Even General Terry confused the issues by inventing a charge that Custer disobeyed orders\u2013a charge still frequently repeated despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. [PAR] Orders were disobeyed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, but not by Custer. Reno and Benteen had been ordered forward to attack the Indian village. Not only did the two officers fail to carry out those orders but they also failed to carry out the spirit of military duty as it exists historically in any military structure. Reno and Benteen, to protect themselves, went far in confusing the issues of the battle. [PAR] It was early morning on June 25 when, from the divide between the Rosebud Creek and Little Bighorn River valleys, Custer was informed by his scouts of the location of an enormous camp of hostile Indians, mostly Sioux and Cheyenne. Custer was also informed that the 7th Cavalry was under observation by hostile scouts. Because the Indians in the camp might escape\u2013the greatest concern to the frontier army while on campaign\u2013Custer ordered his force forward to the attack. Custer could do so with confidence, for there was no record up to that date of Plains Indians ever having confronted an entire regiment of U.S. cavalry, much less defeating them. [PAR] Read More in Wild West Magazine [PAR] Subscribe online and save nearly 40%!!! [PAR] Dividing the regiment into four elements,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Old Testament Books|What are Old Testament ... - carm.org Old Testament Books | CARM Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry [PAR] The Old Testament has 39 books total, which consist of . . . [PAR] Pentateuch - 5 books [PAR] Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy [PAR] Historical Books - 12 books [PAR] Joshua, Judges, Ruth, First Samuel, Second Samuel, First Kings, Second Kings, [PAR] First Chronicles, Second Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther [PAR] Poetic books - 5 books [PAR] Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon [PAR] Prophetic books - 17 books [PAR] Major Prophets - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel [PAR] Minor Prophets - Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, [PAR] Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi [PAR] A list of books with brief descriptions of contents. [PAR] Pentateuch - 5 books [PAR] Genesis - Creation, the Fall, the Flood, spread of the nations, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph. Enslavement in Egypt. [PAR] Exodus - Enslavement, Moses, 10 plagues, Passover, Leave Egypt, Red Sea Crossing, Mt. Sinai and the 10 Commandments [PAR] Leviticus - Instructions on sacrificial system and the priesthood. Instructions on moral purity. [PAR] Numbers - Still at Mt. Sinai, people make false idol, punishment, 40-years wandering begins. [PAR] Deuteronomy - Moses' discourses on God's Acts for Israel the Decalogue, the ceremonial, civil, and social Laws, and covenant ratification. [PAR] Historical Books - 12 books total [PAR] Joshua - First half of Joshua describes the 7-year conquest of the Land of Promise. The last half deals with partitioning the lands to the people. [PAR] Judges - Time of Judges. This was a bad time period. The Israelites did not drive out all the inhabitants of Canaan and began to take part in their idolatry. 7 cycles of foreign oppression, repentance, and deliverance. In the end, the people failed to learn their lesson. [PAR] Ruth - Kinsman redeemer in Boaz, redeeming Ruth, a Moabitess. Speaks of righteousness, love, and faithfulness to the Lord. [PAR] The next 6 books trace the time from Samuel to the Captivity [PAR] First Samuel - Samuel carries Israel from judges to King Saul [PAR] Second Samuel - David as King, adultery, and murder. [PAR] First Kings - Solomon, Israel is powerful. Solomon dies, then division of tribes: 10 to the north and 2 to the south. [PAR] Second Kings - The Divided Kingdom. All 19 kings of Israel were bad, therefore, captivity in Assyria (722 B.C.). In Judah, 8 of 20 rulers were good but went into exile, too. [PAR] First Chronicles - A recounting of the history of Israel to the time of Solomon. [PAR] Second Chronicles - continued recounting of the life of Solomon, building of temple, to the captivity. History of Judah only. [PAR] The Next 3 books deal with Israel's Restoration. [PAR] Ezra - Cyrus let most of the Jews return to their land of Israel. Zerubbabel led the people (539 B.C.). Ezra returned later with more Jews (458 B.C.) Built the temple. [PAR] Nehemiah - Building the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah got permission from the king of Persia to rebuild the walls (444 B.C.). Revival in the land. [PAR] Esther - Took place during chapters 6 and 7 of Ezra. Mordecai. Plot to kill the Jewish people. [PAR] Poetical - 5 books [PAR] Job - a righteous man tested by God. Deals with God's sovereignty. [PAR] Psalms - Consists of 5 divisions. Worship in song. Large variety of subjects. [PAR] Proverbs - Practical wisdom in everyday affairs. [PAR] Ecclesiastes - All is vanity. The wisdom of man is futility. [PAR] Song of Solomon - A song (between Solomon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Last of the Mohicans: Chapters III\u2013IV SparkNotes: The Last of the Mohicans: Chapters III\u2013IV [PAR] The Last of the Mohicans [PAR] James Fenimore Cooper [PAR] (See Important Quotations Explained ) [PAR] Summary: Chapter III [PAR] The narrator shifts the focus of attention from Magua and his party to another group of people in another part of the forest, a few miles west by the river. We meet the remaining primary characters: Hawkeye, a white hunter, and Chingachgook, his Mohican ally. Though both men are hunters, they dress differently. Hawkeye wears a hunting shirt, a skin cap, and buckskin leggings; he carries a knife, a pouch, and a horn. Chingachgook is almost naked and covered in war-paint. Both men carry weapons. Hawkeye carries a long rifle, and Chingachgook carries a short rifle and a tomahawk. They discuss the historical developments that have caused them to both inhabit the same forest. Hawkeye proclaims his inheritance of a genuine and enduring whiteness, and Chingachgook laments the demise of his tribe of Mohicans. Of the Mohican tribe, only Chingachgook and his son remain. At this mention of the diminishing tribe, Chingachgook\u2019s son Uncas appears and reports that he has been trailing the Maquas, the Iroquois enemies of the Mohicans. When the antlers of a deer appear in the distance, Hawkeye wants to shoot the animal, but then realizes that the noise of the rifle will draw the attention of the enemy. In the place of the long rifle, Uncas uses an arrow to kill the deer. Shortly thereafter, Chingachgook detects the sound of horses approaching. [PAR] Summary: Chapter IV [PAR] [T]he worst enemy I have on earth, and he is an Iroquois, daren\u2019t deny that I am genuine white. [PAR] (See Important Quotations Explained ) [PAR] Heyward and his party encounter Hawkeye. When Hawkeye questions the group, Heyward and Gamut explain that their guide, Magua, has led them away from their desired destination. Hawkeye finds this explanation suspicious, because he does not believe that an Indian could be lost in the forest that is his home. He thinks his suspicions are justified when he learns that Magua is a Huron. Hawkeye describes the Huron tribe as untrustworthy, unlike the Mohican or Delaware tribes. After learning that Heyward is the major of the 60th regiment of the king at Fort William Henry, Hawkeye considers punishing Magua for treachery. Though Hawkeye considers shooting Magua on the spot, so that the traitor will not accompany the party to Fort William Henry, Heyward opposes that violence. Instead of shooting Magua, Heyward approaches him while Chingachgook and Uncas surround him. So that Magua will not suspect the plot to capture him, Heyward engages Magua in conversation. As they talk, Magua discloses the name he prefers: Le Renard Subtil (The Subtle Fox). Magua feels suspicious of Heyward, but eventually he warms to him and agrees to sit and eat. Sounds in the forest make Magua agitated, and Heyward dismounts and makes a move to capture the guide. Magua cries out and darts away from Heyward just as Chingachgook and Uncas emerge from the thickets and give chase. Hawkeye, meanwhile, fires his rife toward the escaping Huron. [PAR] A Mingo is a Mingo, and God having made him so, neither the Mohawks nor any other tribe can alter him.[DOC] [TLE] The Last of the Mohicans Movie Review (1992) | Roger Ebert The Last of the Mohicans Movie Review (1992) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Much has been made about how authentic \"The Last of the Mohicans\" is, about how the cast learned wilderness survival skills and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English Premier League: A Look Back At the Teams From the ... English Premier League: A Look Back At the Teams From the Inaugural Season | Bleacher Report [PAR] English Premier League: A Look Back At the Teams From the Inaugural Season [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Shaun Botterill/Getty Images [PAR] Manchester United have won 12 EPL championships [PAR] 2.6K [PAR] 2 [PAR] Comments [PAR] This year marks the 20th season of the English Premier League. Back in 1992, the football clubs that made up the then First Division joined forces to leave the Football League and form what has since been known as the Premier League. [PAR] In its early years, the EPL was comprised of 22 clubs. However, following the 1994-1995 season, 4 teams were relegated while only two were promoted. The Premier League has consisted of twenty teams ever since. [PAR] While a total of 45 clubs from the various English football divisions have competed in the EPL over the past 20 season, only seven have remained in England's top flight since the league was launched. They include: [PAR] Arsenal [PAR] Manchester United [PAR] Tottenham [PAR] Manchester United won the first official EPL title. Here's a look back at the rest of the original 22 teams from the EPL's inaugural season in the order that they finished: [PAR] Ian Walton/Getty Images [PAR] Aston Villa are EPL mainstays [PAR] Aston Villa's best finish ever in the EPL came in the league's first season when they ended up second to Manchester United. [PAR] They have never been relegated. [PAR] They have had seven managers during the EPL era including Ron Atkinson, Brian Little, John Gregory, Graham Taylor, David O'Leary, Martin O'Neill, Gerard Houllier and current manager Alex McLeish. [PAR] Over the last 20 years Aston Villa won the League Cup in 1994 and 1996 as well as the 2001 Intertoto Cup. [PAR] The Canaries are back in the top flight this season [PAR] Norwich City were a part of the Premier League for its first three years. [PAR] They were relegated in May of 1995 and then spent nine seasons in Division One. [PAR] Norwich topped the Division One table in the 2003-2004 season to make it back to the top flight. [PAR] The Canaries' one season back in the EPL resulted in relegation back to what was now known as The Championship for four consecutive campaigns. [PAR] Over the last three seasons, Norwich City has done the improbable. In 2009 they were relegated to Division One from the Championship. [PAR] The very next season they won promotion back to the Championship by finishing first in Division One. [PAR] Norwich City then followed that achievement by finishing second in the Championship last season and gaining promotion back up to the Premier League. [PAR] Getty Images/Getty Images [PAR] Alan Shearer was a major force with Blackburn [PAR] Blackburn Rovers were a part of the original Premier League lineup and are one of just four clubs to have ever won an EPL title. Rovers topped the table in 1994-1995 led by striker Alan Shearer. [PAR] The team's success was short lived as Rovers were unable to match their achievement and were relegated in 1999 to Division One. [PAR] Blackburn didn't remain down too long as they won promotion back to the top flight in 2001 with a second place finish in Division One. [PAR] In 2002 Blackburn won the League Cup with a 2-1 victory over Tottenham at the Millennium Stadium. [PAR] Blackburn have remained in the EPL since 2001 with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apollo 17 (AS-512) | National Air and Space Museum Apollo 17 (AS-512) | National Air and Space Museum [PAR] Apollo 17 (AS-512) [PAR] The Last Manned Lunar Landing [PAR] Apollo 17 was the last Apollo mission to land men on the Moon. It carried the only trained geologist to walk on the lunar surface, lunar module pilot Harrison Schmitt. Compared to previous Apollo missions, Apollo 17 astronauts traversed the greatest distance using the Lunar Roving Vehicle and returned the greatest amount of rock and soil samples. Eugene Cernan, commander of Apollo 17, still holds the distinction of being the last man to walk on the Moon, as no humans have visited the Moon since December 14, 1972. [PAR] Summary of Events [PAR] The successful Apollo 17 manned lunar landing mission was the last in a series of three J-type missions planned for the Apollo Program. The J-type missions have been characterized by extended hardware capability, by a scientific payload larger than the previous G- and H-series missions and by use of a battery powered lunar roving vehicle (LRV). As a result of these additions, the Apollo 17 mission had a duration of 12.6 days, and a time on the lunar surface of 75 hr with a total surface traverse distance of approximately 35 km. [PAR] The Saturn V carrying Apollo 17 was launched from NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center at 05:33:00 UT on December 7, 1972 (11:33:00 p.m. CST on December 6, 1972). [PAR] View of Apollo 17 Landing SiteThe landing site was on the southeastern rim of Mare Serenitatis in a dark deposit between massif units of the southwestern Montes Taurus. [PAR] Scientific objectives included geological surveying and sampling of materials and surface features in a preselected area of the Taurus-Littrow region, deploying and activating surface experiments, and conducting inflight experiments and photographic tasks during lunar orbit and transearth coast. [PAR] Lunar orbit insertion, executed at 19:47:23 GMT on December 10, placed the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 170.0 by 52.6 nautical miles. Following a nominal descent sequence, the spacecraft landed at 19:54:57 GMT on December 11 in a valley at Taurus-Littrow, less than 200 m from the preferred landing point. [PAR] The first lunar surface EVA began at 23:54:49 GMT on December 11, with Cernan stepping out of the spacecraft at 00:01:00 GMT on December 12. Deployment of the Apollo lunar-surface experiments package (ALSEP) and the cosmic ray experiment took place during EVA-1. Duration of this EVA was 7 hr 12 min. [PAR] Schmitt collects samplesThe second EVA began at 23:28:06 GMT on December 12. Using the LRV, samples from Nansen Crater, Lara Crater and others were collected. Traverses, core samples and trenches were dug at different stations. This EVA lasted 7 hr 37 min. [PAR] Lunar Roving VehicleDuring EVA-3, sampling stops were made and traverse gravimeter measurements were taken. Additional explosive packages for the Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment were also deployed. One of the final science activities was the retrieval of the neutron flux probe from the deep drill core hole. The third EVA ended at 05:40:56 GMT on December 14. [PAR] TV View of LM liftoffThe LM ascent stage lifted off the Moon at 22:54:37 GMT on December 14. Lift-off and ascent were recorded by the ground-commanded television assembly on the LRV. After docking with the CSM, the ascent stage was sent back to the lunar surface. Its impact was recorded by the four Apollo 17 geophones and by each ALSEP at the Apollo 12, 14, 15 and 16 landing sites. [PAR] From NASA SP-330, Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report and Apollo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Last Train to Clarksville - The Monkees | Song Info | AllMusic Last Train to Clarksville - The Monkees | Song Info | AllMusic [PAR] Last Train to Clarksville [PAR] google+ [PAR] Song Review by Lindsay Planer [PAR] This track is the A-side (b/w the Carole King/Gerry Goffin composition \u201cTake A Giant Step\u201d) to the Monkees\u2019 first 45. In a savvy attempt to build an audience for the premier of the Monkees\u2019 primetime television programme, the mavens behind the multi-media project released the single practically a month prior to the sit-com\u2019s NBC network debut on September 11, 1966. According to interviews with \u201cLast Train to Clarksville\u201d co-authors Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, both the melody and lyrics were a direct inspiration from the fade out of the Beatles\u2019 \u201cPaperback Writer\u201d. Once the songwriters had established that the fab four were not singing about a locomotive, they set out to write a thinly veiled protest song about a guy who is departing for military service -- or perhaps more specifically boot camp, as there is an Air Force base located near Clarksville, Tennessee. The song is rather unique melodically as well. The memorable chiming lead guitar introduction is punctuated by a brisk and percussive tambourine before landing into Micky Dolzenz\u2019 dramatic and empathetic vocals. Also worthy of note is the start/stop rhythm that precedes the line \u201cAnd I don\u2019t know if I\u2019m ever coming home\u201d, which is especially pronounced at the end of the instrumental break or \u2018middle eight\u2019. While it is generally considered common knowledge that the Monkees\u2019 (sans Michael Nesmith) did not initially perform on any of their early sides, the musicians chosen to accompany the lead vocals were among the best in the business at the time and include session stalwarts Louie Shelton (guitar) and Gene Estes (percussion). \u201cLast Train To Clarksville\u201d became an instant smash and eventually topped the pop singles chart. Enthusiasts wishing to hear the actual quartet, are encouraged to locate copies of the four-disc set Summer 1967: The Complete U.S. Concert Recordings (2001), containing four performances from the Monkees\u2019 in their heyday. In addition to the pre-fab four\u2019s version, a wide variety of other artists have also taken a turn at the track, ranging from jazz vocalist Cassandra Wilson to 1960s garage rockers The Standells and even the high and lonesome sound of bluegrass legends Flatt & Scruggs. [PAR] Appears On"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Last of the Summer Wine (TV Series 1973\u2013 ) - IMDb Last of the Summer Wine (TV Series 1973\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Last of the Summer Wine [PAR] TV-PG | [PAR] Three old men from Yorkshire who have never grown up face the trials of their fellow town citizens and everyday life and stay young by reminiscing about the days of their youth and attempting feats not common to the elderly. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] The village prepares for Compo's funeral; even Auntie Wainwright closes her shop (her mobile phone is on for emergency purchases). Compo's \"Thursday Lady\" arrives to pay her respects. [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] A depressed Howard tries to build himself up but, under Foggy's instruction, ends up breaking his leg. Auntie Wainwright has Smiler testing a Triumph Motorcycle, after she rents him the riding gear. ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] Nora Batty finally decides to give Compo a taste of what he's been asking for and it sends him to the hospital. Clegg, Nora, and friends need to deal with the loss of their friend. [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 24 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 03 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2014 [PAR] Title: Last of the Summer Wine (1973\u2013 ) [PAR] 7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The misadventures of the staff of a retail floor of a major department store. [PAR] Stars: Mollie Sugden, John Inman, Frank Thornton [PAR] Arkwright is a tight-fisted shop owner in Doncaster, who will stop at nothing to keep his profits high and his overheads low, even if this means harassing his nephew Granville. Arkwright's ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, David Jason, Lynda Baron [PAR] A snobbish housewife is determined to climb the social ladder, in spite of her family's working class connections and the constant chagrin of her long suffering husband. [PAR] Stars: Patricia Routledge, Clive Swift, Geoffrey Hughes [PAR] When Tom Ballard moves to Bayview Retirement Vilage, he meets Diana Trent, a feisty old woman who complains about everything and wants nothing more than just to die. Much to the dislike of ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Graham Crowden, Stephanie Cole, Daniel Hill [PAR] The perils of \"escaping the rat race\" and dropping out of society - to start a farm in Surbiton (and to drive Margo nuts). [PAR] Stars: Richard Briers, Felicity Kendal, Penelope Keith [PAR] Victor Meldrew is a retiree who attracts bad luck. If he's not driving his long suffering wife Margeret crazy with his constant moaning, he's fighting with neighbors. [PAR] Stars: Richard Wilson, Annette Crosbie, Doreen Mantle [PAR] During WW2, in a fictional British seaside town, a ragtag group of Home Guard local defense volunteers prepare for an imminent German invasion. [PAR] Stars: Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Clive Dunn [PAR] The staff of the defunct Grace Brothers department store reunite to run a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Proms - Last Night BBC - Proms - Last Night [PAR] Last Night [PAR] Booking for the Last Night of the Proms [PAR] Booking opens on Saturday 17 May 2014. [PAR] The Last Night of the Proms \u00a9 Chris Christodoulou [PAR] previous next [PAR] Tickets for the Last Night of the Proms [PAR] The majority of tickets for the Last Night of the Proms will be allocated by ballot to customers who have bought tickets to at least five other Proms concerts at the Royal Albert Hall. A further 200 tickets are allocated by the Open Ballot. [PAR] The Five-Concert Ballot [PAR] To be eligible to enter the Five-Concert Ballot, you must book tickets for at least five other concerts. You can apply to buy a maximum of two tickets for the Last Night. If you are successful in the Ballot, you will not be obliged to buy Last Night tickets should your preferred seating area not be available. [PAR] Please note: you must tick the Ballot opt-in box when booking online, or inform the Box Office that you wish to enter this Ballot when booking by telephone, in person or by post. [PAR] If you require a wheelchair space for the Last Night of the Proms, you will still need to book for five other concerts but you must phone the Access Information Line (020 7070 4410) by Thursday 29 May and ask to be entered into the separate Ballot for wheelchair spaces. This Ballot cannot be entered online. [PAR] The Five-Concert Ballot closes on Thursday 29 May and you will be informed by Friday 6 of June whether or not you have been successful. If you are successful, please note that your Last Night Tickets will not be issued until Friday 5 September. We regret that if you are unsuccessful in the Five-Concert Ballot, no refunds for other tickets purchased will be payable. [PAR] The Open Ballot [PAR] One hundred Centre Stalls seats (priced \u00a387.50* each) and 100 Front Circle seats (priced \u00a357.00* each) for the Last Night of the Proms at the Royal Albert Hall will be allocated by Open Ballot. The Five-Concert Ballot rule does not apply: no other ticket purchases are necessary. Only one application (for a maximum of two tickets) may be made per household. [PAR] *Booking Fees Apply [PAR] If you would like to apply for tickets by Open Ballot, please complete the official [PAR] Open Ballot Form and send it by post only - to arrive no later than Thursday 3 July - to: [PAR] BBC Proms Open Ballot [PAR] Royal Albert Hall [PAR] London SW7 2AP [PAR] Note that the Open Ballot application is completely separate from other Proms booking procedures. Envelopes should be clearly addressed to 'BBC Proms Open Ballot' and should contain only the official Open Ballot Form . The Open Ballot takes place on Friday 4 July and successful applicants will be contacted by Thursday 10 July. [PAR] DOWNLOAD THE OPEN BALLOT FORM, HERE. [PAR] Please note: if you are successful in the Five-Concert Ballot, you will not be eligible for [PAR] Last Night tickets via the Open Ballot. [PAR] General availability for the Last Night [PAR] Any tickets not allocated by the Five-Concert Ballot or the Open Ballot will go on sale on Friday 11 July. There is exceptionally high demand for Last Night tickets, but returns occasionally become available, so it is always worth checking with the Box Office. [PAR] [PAR] Please note: for all Last Night bookings, only one application (for a maximum of two tickets) can be made per household."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dickie Bird | England Cricket | Cricket Players and ... Dickie Bird | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] ODI statistics [PAR] Profile [PAR] Dickie Bird's white cap, twitching shoulders and forearm stretch became as much a part of the day out as the battle between bat and ball. He seemed to attract minor incident, without ever allowing the day to be soured by controversy. Burst pipes, reflecting windscreens and bomb scares all conspired to trouble him, but each impostor was met with humour and Yorkshire-bred common sense. Notorious for being an early Bird (he once made it to The Oval at 6am, so nervous was he about being late and was five-hours early to meet the Queen on one occasion), and plagued by bad weather he made the transition from cricketing figure to something close to a national institution. [PAR] A favourite among the public who took to his idiosyncrasies, Bird was equally admired and respected by the players. He diffused many a situation that a lesser umpire may have allowed to escalate, typically with common sense and good humour. Most importantly, he simply made few mistakes. \"They all rated me the best: Sobers, Richards, Lillee and Botham. That means a lot I can tell you,\" he admitted. [PAR] Harold \"Dickie\" Bird was born in Barnsley in April 1933. 5'10\" and a right-hand batsman, Bird played in a Barnsley side that included Geoff Boycott and the journalist Michael Parkinson, with whom he remained friends. A good enough player to have represented Yorkshire during their period of dominance (debuting in 1956 against Scotland), a regular first team place eluded him in such a strong side (his career best performance 181* against Glamorgan at Bradford in 1959 was rewarded with omission from the next game as the senior players returned from Test duty) and he moved to Leicestershire at the end of that year. He won his county cap in his first season, 1960, in which he topped 1,000 first-class runs, but later referred to the decision to leave Yorkshire as \"the biggest mistake of my life\". [PAR] Bird retired relatively early, aged just 32, and spent a few years coaching and playing as a club professional. He later admitted to regret that his playing career had not been more successful (first-class average: 20.71): \"I just wish I'd have believed in myself as a batsman the way I do as an umpire,\" he told The Cricketer (November 1998) during his final match as an umpire. \"I had the ability I can tell you. If you had compared me to Boycott in the nets you would have picked me as the Test player. Ray Illingworth said I played as straight as anyone he'd ever seen. Umpiring has been good to me, but it is the second-best thing to playing.\" [PAR] Bird officiated his first game in 1970, with his first Test coming against New Zealand at Leeds in 1973. In 1992 he stood in Zimbabwe's inaugural Test as the first ICC panel umpire. A guard of honour by the players and a standing ovation from the crowd as England took on India in 1996 marked his final Test, at his beloved Lord's. Bird, always an emotional man, was reduced to tears. In all he officiated in 66 Tests and 69 One-Day Internationals, overtaking Frank Chester's record (of 48 Tests) in Zimbabwe in 1996. His final first-class game was at Headingley, between Yorkshire and Warwickshire in 1998. [PAR] Bird was awarded the MBE in June 1986 in the Queen's Birthday Honours List (\"It means more to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lyndon B. Johnson - The White House | whitehouse.gov Lyndon B. Johnson | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Lyndon B. Johnson [PAR] In the 1960 campaign, Lyndon B. Johnson was elected Vice President as John F. Kennedy's running mate. On November 22, 1963, when Kennedy was assassinated, Johnson was sworn in as the 36th United States President, with a vision to build \"A Great Society\" for the American people. [PAR] \"A Great Society\" for the American people and their fellow men elsewhere was the vision of Lyndon B. Johnson. In his first years of office he obtained passage of one of the most extensive legislative programs in the Nation's history. Maintaining collective security, he carried on the rapidly growing struggle to restrain Communist encroachment in Viet Nam. [PAR] Johnson was born on August 27, 1908, in central Texas, not far from Johnson City, which his family had helped settle. He felt the pinch of rural poverty as he grew up, working his way through Southwest Texas State Teachers College (now known as Texas State University-San Marcos); he learned compassion for the poverty of others when he taught students of Mexican descent. [PAR] In 1937 he campaigned successfully for the House of Representatives on a New Deal platform, effectively aided by his wife, the former Claudia \"Lady Bird\" Taylor, whom he had married in 1934. [PAR] During World War II he served briefly in the Navy as a lieutenant commander, winning a Silver Star in the South Pacific. After six terms in the House, Johnson was elected to the Senate in 1948. In 1953, he became the youngest Minority Leader in Senate history, and the following year, when the Democrats won control, Majority Leader. With rare skill he obtained passage of a number of key Eisenhower measures. [PAR] In the 1960 campaign, Johnson, as John F. Kennedy's running mate, was elected Vice President. On November 22, 1963, when Kennedy was assassinated, Johnson was sworn in as President. [PAR] First he obtained enactment of the measures President Kennedy had been urging at the time of his death--a new civil rights bill and a tax cut. Next he urged the Nation \"to build a great society, a place where the meaning of man's life matches the marvels of man's labor.\" In 1964, Johnson won the Presidency with 61 percent of the vote and had the widest popular margin in American history--more than 15,000,000 votes. [PAR] The Great Society program became Johnson's agenda for Congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency, removal of obstacles to the right to vote. Congress, at times augmenting or amending, rapidly enacted Johnson's recommendations. Millions of elderly people found succor through the 1965 Medicare amendment to the Social Security Act. [PAR] Under Johnson, the country made spectacular explorations of space in a program he had championed since its start. When three astronauts successfully orbited the moon in December 1968, Johnson congratulated them: \"You've taken ... all of us, all over the world, into a new era. . . . \" [PAR] Nevertheless, two overriding crises had been gaining momentum since 1965. Despite the beginning of new antipoverty and anti-discrimination programs, unrest and rioting in black ghettos troubled the Nation. President Johnson steadily exerted his influence against segregation and on behalf of law and order, but there was no early solution. [PAR] The other crisis arose from Viet Nam. Despite Johnson's efforts to end Communist aggression and achieve a settlement, fighting continued. Controversy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rod Taylor, star of The Birds, dies aged 84 - BBC News Rod Taylor, star of The Birds, dies aged 84 - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Rod Taylor, star of The Birds, dies aged 84 [PAR] 9 January 2015 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption Rod Taylor with actress Rhonda Fleming. He starred alongside greats like Doris Day and Elizabeth Taylor [PAR] Australian actor Rod Taylor, who starred in Alfred Hitchcock's thriller The Birds, has died aged 84, according to reports in the US. [PAR] Taylor, who lived in the United States, is said to have died at his home in Los Angeles after a dinner party. [PAR] He came to prominence in the 1960s, starring alongside Hollywood greats like Jane Fonda and Richard Burton. [PAR] In 2009, he made a cameo as ex-UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Quentin Tarantino's film Inglourious Basterds. [PAR] He got his first leading role in the 1960 adaptation of HG Wells' science-fiction classic The Time Machine and went on to star in several hit films in the 1960s and 1970s. [PAR] He also voiced one of the Dalmatian dogs in Disney's animated hit 101 Dalmatians. [PAR] Tippi Hedren, his co-star in The Birds, told People magazine that Taylor had been \"a great pal to me and a real strength\". [PAR] \"He was one of the most fun people I have ever met, thoughtful and classy. There was everything good in that man,\" she said. [PAR] He was due to turn 85 on Sunday. [PAR] He is survived by spouse Carol Kikumura and daughter Felicia Rodrica Sturt Taylor, a TV presenter in the US."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Band | The Rolling Stones Band | The Rolling Stones [PAR] The Rolling Stones [PAR] First gig: 12 July 1962 Venue: Marquee Club, London Lineup: Mick Jagger Keith Richards Brian Jones Ian Stewart Dick Taylor Tony Chapman [PAR] Band [PAR] When the nascent Rolling Stones began playing gigs around London in 1962, the notion that a rock & roll band would last five years, let alone fifty, was an absurdity. After all, what could possibly be more ephemeral than rock & roll, the latest teenage fad? Besides, other factors made it unlikely that such a momentous occasion would ever come to pass. \u201cI didn\u2019t expect to last until fifty myself, let alone with the Stones,\u201d Keith Richards says with a laugh. \u201cIt\u2019s incredible, really. In that sense we\u2019re still living on borrowed time.\u201d [PAR] \u201cYou have to put yourself back into that time,\u201d Mick Jagger says about those early days when he and Keith and guitarist Brian Jones roomed together and were hustling gigs wherever they could find one. \u201cPopular music wasn\u2019t talked about on any kind of intellectual level. There was no such term as \u2018popular culture.\u2019 None of those things existed.\u201d [PAR] \u201cBut suddenly popular music became bigger than it had ever been before. It became an important, perhaps the most important, art form of the period, after not at all being regarded as an art form before.\u201d [PAR] Mick Jagger [PAR] Times and attitudes quickly changed, in short, and now five decades later, the Rolling Stones are celebrating an anniversary that artists in any field would be overjoyed to attain. Indeed, the Stones will be marking the fiftieth anniversary of their first gig at the Marquee Club in London on July 12, 1962 with a celebratory appearance at that storied venue, five decades later to the day. At that first show, the group was billed as the Rollin\u2019 Stones and, of what would become the band\u2019s original lineup, only Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones and keyboardist Ian Stewart performed. Bill Wyman and Charlie Watts would formally join in January of 1963, and Stewart officially left the band in May, though he continued on as the Stones\u2019 road manager and occasionally played with them both on stage and in the studio until his death in 1985. [PAR] To commemorate the Stones\u2019 50th anniversary, noted filmmaker Brett Morgen directed a no-holds-barred documentary about the band, Crossfire Hurricane, and the Stones released GRRR!, a greatest hits collection that includes two brand new songs and a stunning album cover designed by Walton Ford. The Stones then went back on the road for the 50 & Counting Tour, visiting London, New York and other cities across North America and Canada in celebration of five decades, culminating with a legendary performance at the UK\u2019s Glastonbury Festival plus two major outdoor shows in London\u2019s Hyde Park, chronicled in the concert film Sweet Summer Sun \u2013 Hyde Park Live. The Stones then launched another sell out tour, 14 ON FIRE, that brought them to Asia, Australia and New Zealand. In 2015 the band stunned audiences in the USA for the umpteenth time with their Zip Code tour and a re-mastered Sticky Fingers album. [PAR] In early 2016, the Stones launched their Am\u00e9rica Latina Ol\u00e9 tour, which consisted of thirteen electrifying dates in Central and South America. As a dramatic capstone to that trip, the Stones performed in Cuba for the first time, electrifying an audience of 1.2 million fans in Havana. In another historic live performance, the Stones will participate this October in Desert Trip, a three-day superstar festival in Indio, California"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World's Largest Spider - National Geographic World's Largest Spider [PAR] Travel [PAR] World's Largest Spider [PAR] The goliath birdeater tarantula of South America is arguably the biggest spider in the world. Watch as one hapless mouse wanders into a spider's\u2026 more [PAR] They're the big, hairy spiders of our nightmares. [PAR] And it's no wonder we're afraid. [PAR] Tarantulas are the biggest of all of the arachnids. [PAR] These spiders are killing machines, perfectly adapted to their habitats. [PAR] And the biggest and baddest of them all is the Goliath. [PAR] It can grow to nearly a foot across, with fangs an inch long. [PAR] The Goliath makes its home in the remote rainforests of South America. [PAR] Night is when the Goliath is most active. [PAR] But for these ambush predators, hunting means lying in wait. [PAR] Near the entrance to her burrow, she lays down a silk welcome mat. [PAR] It acts like a trip-wire, letting her know when something has ventured within range. [PAR] Even with eight eyes, Goliaths-like most spiders-have weak vision. [PAR] They're alerted to the presence of prey by vibrations rippling across their sensitive hairs. [PAR] It's only a matter of time before some hapless creature-like this floor mouse-wanders too close, and brushes against the silk. [PAR] It's like ringing a dinner bell. [PAR] The Goliath's venom proves fatal to this mouse. [PAR] But for most people, the tarantula's bite is no worse than a bee sting. [PAR] According to researchers, there's never been a single confirmed human death from a tarantula bite. [PAR] Perhaps knowing the facts about these ancient predators can help turn human fear\u2026 into fascination. [PAR] X [PAR] World's Largest Spider [PAR] The goliath birdeater tarantula of South America is arguably the biggest spider in the world. Watch as one hapless mouse wanders into a spider's deadly trap, and see the unusual adaptations that make the goliath one of nature's deadliest ambushers. [PAR] Share Link"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Cook History - Package Holidays, Hotels and Flights ... Thomas Cook History [PAR] Thomas Cook History [PAR] Thomas Cook History [PAR] Thomas Cook is the world\u2019s best-known name in travel, thanks to the inspiration and dedication of a single man. Thomas Cook began his international travel company in 1841, with a successful one-day rail excursion at a shilling a head from Leicester to Loughborough on 5 July. From these humble beginnings Thomas Cook launched a whole new kind of company \u2013 devoted to helping Britons see the world. [PAR] View key dates of Thomas Cook history [PAR] A Brief History [PAR] On 9 June 1841 a 32-year old cabinet-maker named Thomas Cook walked from his home in Market Harborough to the nearby town of Leicester to attend a temperance meeting. A former Baptist preacher, Thomas Cook was a religious man who believed that most Victorian social problems were related to alcohol and that the lives of working people would be greatly improved if they drank less and became better educated. As he walked along the road to Leicester, he later recalled, 'the thought suddenly flashed across my mind as to the practicability of employing the great powers of railways and locomotion for the furtherance of this social reform'. [PAR] At the meeting, Thomas suggested that a special train be engaged to carry the temperance supporters of Leicester to a meeting in Loughborough about four weeks later. The proposal was received with such enthusiasm that, on the following day, Thomas submitted his idea to the secretary of the Midland Railway Company. A train was subsequently arranged, and on 5 July 1841 about 500 passengers were conveyed in open carriages the enormous distance of 12 miles and back for a shilling. The day was a great success and, as Thomas later recorded, 'thus was struck the keynote of my excursions, and the social idea grew upon me'. [PAR] Early Tours [PAR] During the next three summers Thomas arranged a succession of trips between Leicester, Nottingham, Derby and Birmingham on behalf of local temperance societies and Sunday schools. Within these limits many thousands of people experienced rail travel for the first time, and Thomas was able to lay the foundations of his future business. He later described this period as one of 'enthusiastic philanthropy' since, beyond the printing of posters and handbills, he had no financial interest in any of these early excursions. [PAR] Thomas Cook's first commercial venture took place in the summer of 1845, when he organised a trip to Liverpool. This was a far more ambitious project than anything he had previously attempted, and he made his preparations with great thoroughness. Not content with simply providing tickets at low prices - 15 shillings for first-class passengers and 10 shillings for second. Thomas also investigated the route and published a handbook of the journey. This 60-page booklet was a forerunner of the modern holiday brochure. [PAR] The Great Exhibition [PAR] By the end of 1850, having already visited Wales, Scotland and Ireland, Thomas Cook began to contemplate foreign trips to Europe, the United States and the Holy Land. Such thoughts had to be postponed, however, when Sir Joseph Paxton, architect of the Crystal Palace, persuaded Thomas to devote himself to bringing workers from Yorkshire and the Midlands to London for the Great Exhibition of 1851. This he did with great enthusiasm, rarely spending a night at home between June and October, and he even produced a newspaper, Cook's Exhibition Herald and Excursion Advertiser, in order to promote his tours. By the end of the season Thomas had taken"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Strawberry Tongue? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK What Is Strawberry Tongue? (with pictures) [PAR] What Is Strawberry Tongue? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 31 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] Top 10 unbelievable historical concurrencies [PAR] Strawberry tongue is a physical exam finding in which the upper surface of a patient\u2019s tongue has a distinct red coloration and a characteristic bumpy appearance because of inflammation of the taste buds. This condition is most closely associated with scarlet fever , a childhood illness that is caused by a certain type of bacteria. Toxic shock syndrome, another bacterial infection, also is associated with this tongue abnormality. Kawasaki's disease is another cause of the symptom. Strawberry tongue should be differentiated from other conditions, such as vitamin deficiencies, that can also cause tongue inflammation. [PAR] The appearance of strawberry tongue is characterized by a bright red discoloration of the surface of the tongue. It also is associated with a change in the texture of the tongue; the surface of the tongue becomes bumpier because inflammation increases the size of the tastebuds. Many people describe this finding as a looking like a strawberry because of similarities in color and texture between the tongue and the fruit. This condition must be differentiated, of course, from other causes of tongue staining, such as eating red candy or a red popsicle. [PAR] Having this tongue condition is most closely linked to a childhood illness called scarlet fever. This disease is caused by infection of bacteria called Streptococcus pyogenes. People who have scarlet fever also experience symptoms such as fever, chills, a sandpaper-like skin rash and a sore throat. It can be treated with antibiotics. [PAR] Ad [PAR] Other bacterial infections also can be associated with strawberry tongue. One is toxic shock syndrome, a disease that can be caused by the bacterial species Streptoccoccus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. This syndrome can be life-threatening, causing symptoms such as fever, low blood pressure and rash. [PAR] Another cause of strawberry tongue in children is Kawasaki syndrome, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. It causes additional symptoms such as rash, enlarged lymph nodes , eye inflammation and generalized redness and swelling of the mouth and nose. Recognizing and treating this infection is critical because it can have side effects such as the development of coronary artery aneurysms, which can be fatal. [PAR] Some other causes of tongue inflammation can mimic strawberry tongue. For example, vitamin deficiencies such as a lack of dietary vitamin B12 can cause the tongue to become red and inflamed, a condition called glossitis . Vitamin deficiencies typically do not cause inflammation of the taste buds, but they can cause erosion and irritation of the corners of the lips. [PAR] Ad[DOC] [TLE] Strawberry tongue | definition of strawberry tongue by ... Strawberry tongue | definition of strawberry tongue by Medical dictionary [PAR] Strawberry tongue | definition of strawberry tongue by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/strawberry+tongue [PAR] Related to strawberry tongue: Geographic tongue [PAR] straw\u00b7ber\u00b7ry tongue [PAR] a tongue with a whitish coat through which the enlarged fungiform papillae project as red points, characteristic of scarlet fever and of Kawasaki disease. [PAR] strawberry tongue [PAR] a strawberry-like coloration of the inflamed tongue papillae. It is a clinical sign of scarlet fever and is also seen in Kawasaki's disease. [PAR] Strawberry tongue [PAR] A characteristic enanthema of the tongue, which is characterised by hypertrophy of the fungiform papillae, accompanied by changes of the filiform papillae in a bright red background. Strawberry tongues are classically seen in scarlet fever, but also occurs in Kawasaki\u2019s disease\u2014mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, toxic shock"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr Hook ~ Sylvia's Mother - YouTube YouTube [PAR] Undo [PAR] Close [PAR] \"Dr Hook ~ Sy...\" The YouTube account associated with this video has been terminated due to multiple third-party notifications of copyright infringement. [PAR] Sorry about that.[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show - Sylvia's Mother (music ... Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show - Sylvia's Mother (music video) - [56effec80] [PAR] Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show - Sylvia's Mother [PAR] Description [PAR] buy [PAR] Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show, shortened in 1975 to Dr. Hook, was an American rock band, formed around Union City, New Jersey. They enjoyed considerable commercial success in the 1970s with hit singles including \"Sylvia's Mother\", \"The Cover of Rolling Stone\", \"Sharing the Night Together\", \"A Little Bit More\" and \"When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman\". In addition to their own material, Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show performed songs written by the poet Shel Silverstein. [PAR] The band had eight years of regular chart hits, in both the U.S. and the UK, and greatest success with their later gentler material, as Dr. Hook. [PAR] \"Sylvia's Mother\" was a 1972 single by Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show and the group's first hit song. It was written by Shel Silverstein and was highly successful in the United States, reaching #5 on the Billboard singles chart, as well as #1 in Ireland and #2 in the United Kingdom. It also spent 3 weeks at #1 on the Australian music charts, making it the 15th ranked single in Australia for 1972. It appeared on the group's first album, Doctor Hook. [PAR] Tags:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blade Runner (1982) - IMDb Blade Runner (1982) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] On Disc [PAR] at Amazon [PAR] A blade runner must pursue and try to terminate four replicants who stole a ship in space and have returned to Earth to find their creator. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 29 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 05 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Blade Runner \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 11 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X [PAR] After a space merchant vessel perceives an unknown transmission as distress call, their landing on the source moon finds one of the crew attacked by a mysterious lifeform. Continuing their journey back to Earth with the attacked crew having recovered and the critter deceased, they soon realize that its life cycle has merely begun. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] The moon from Alien (1979) has been colonized, but contact is lost. This time, the rescue team has impressive firepower, but will it be enough? [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X [PAR] A seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg is sent from 2029 to 1984 to assassinate a waitress, whose unborn son will lead humanity in a war against the machines, while a soldier from that war is sent to protect her at all costs. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Archaeologist and adventurer Indiana Jones is hired by the U.S. government to find the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A troubled teenager is plagued by visions of a man in a large rabbit suit who manipulates him to commit a series of crimes, after he narrowly escapes a bizarre accident. [PAR] Director: Richard Kelly [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morgan Le Fay - SEIDENBERG SCHOOL OF CSIS Morgan Le Fay [PAR] Morgan Le Fay, a powerful female figure in the Arthur legends, represents control, sorcery, and manipulation. She uses underhanded, often manipulative methods to create her power. During King Arthur's reign, and in various romances and folk tales, Morgan shows up as a shape-shifter. She is a fairy, a queen, a mermaid, a beautiful young woman, a crone, a hag, an enchantress or a witch. In some accounts, Morgan has a bad reputation; she is evil, sexual, a temptress. Elsewhere, Morgan is a heroine. The inconsistency of the research material available makes it difficult to pinpoint who Morgan Le Fay actually was. But one thing is for certain: Morgan is a woman of mystery. [PAR] Morgan is often said to be the half-sister of King Arthur, who had a child with him. Sometimes she is the mistress of Merlin, who taught her magic. Others say she learned her magical arts in a nunnery. It is said that Morgan was the most intelligent and educated woman of her time: [PAR] \"At King Arthur's Court, prior to the year 542, only priests and priestesses were educated in reading, writing, astronomy, oratory, and philosophy. The princes were educated principally in warfare, etiquette, physical prowess, and oratory. Lancelot was able to read the names on tombstones. Arthur was not able to do that, but Perceval could read. Arthur's half-sister Morgan was known from early childhood to be the most intelligent, and the best educated of the priestesses, and she outlived Arthur, with whom she was never on good terms\" (Goodrich 18). [PAR] Traditionally, in most of the legends, Morgan and Arthur are not on good terms. It is never explained exactly why they don't get along, but some researchers have presented their own ideas. According to the Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft, \"Morgan, invariably portrayed as evil, plotted against Arthur to steal his sword, Excalibur, or otherwise bring him down\" (236). According to Henry Pyle, author of The Story of King Arthur and His Knights, Morgan had a vendetta with Arthur: [PAR] \"After Queen Morgana Le Fay had come to the Island of Avalon as aforetold, she brooded a great deal over the afront which she deemed King Arthur had placed upon her house; and the more she brooded upon it the more big it became in her mind. Wherefore, at last it seemed to her that she could have no pleasure in life unless she could punish King Arthur for that which he had done. Yea, she would have been glad to see him down at her feet because of the great anger that she felt against him\" (163). [PAR] Morgan needs to be in control of people and situations. In some of the legends, Morgan is said to have been a mistress of Merlin. She uses and manipulates him by way of seduction in order to gain knowledge of his spells. Hence the name Morgaine may be read as an anagram, \"Gain More.\" Morgan Le Fay manipulates situations in order to cause pain for people, especially Arthur. For instance, in courtship of Guinevere and Lancelot, Morgan uses her powers to destroy the ties in the court of Arthur to ruin his reputation and pride: \"The Kingdom now enjoyed a long, glorious, peace with Arthur maintaining justice and the knights helping those in distress. Lancelot was the bravest and most courageous. But he loved Arthur's wife, Guinevere, and he was her own favourite among the knights\" (Ashe 35). [PAR] The best way for Morgan to hurt Arthur and cause him"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Ray - Disney Wiki - Wikia Mr. Ray | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Finding Nemo [PAR] Mr. Ray is the teacher of Nemo 's class. He's the jolliest science master working in marine education. He is an eagle ray who believes in the practical, taking his little fishy pupils for a ride on his back to teach them about the other creatures of the seabed and singing a whole bunch of memory-aiding ditties along the way. He helps teach his class by singing the \"Let's Name the Species\" song. Despite his jolly personality, he is shown to be very protective of his students, telling them to hide under him when danger approaches. He takes the class on a field trip to the drop-off, much to Marlin 's discomfort for his son's sake. In the end, he is seen with a newcomer student named Squirt who joins the whole class on another field trip. [PAR] Finding Dory [PAR] Mr. Ray first appears telling his class about the Stingray migration, a journey back to home. When the Stingray show up, Dory , who was staring at the seaweed thinking about her past, accidentally gets swooped up by the Stingray swarm, knocking her out. He is last seen wishing Dory good luck on finding her parents. At the end, Mr. Ray leaves his class under Hank , Destiny , and Bailey while he joins the migration. Unlike the first film, he is not seen after this point in the film. He is also mentioned by Kathy , when Hank heard a question. [PAR] Trivia[DOC] [TLE] Products | Finding Nemo | Disney Movies Products | Finding Nemo | Disney Movies [PAR] Finding Nemo iTunes Extras include [PAR] Filmmakers' Roundtable Discussion: Go beneath the surface and explore how the movie was made. [PAR] With Knick Knack Theatrical Short: A souvenir snowman longs to join a beach girl knickknack for a tropical getaway, but first he has to get out of his globe. [PAR] Plus Deleted Scene: Alternate Opening, and A Lesson In Flashbacks."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Spartacus' Star Whitfield Dies at 39 | Fox News 'Spartacus' Star Whitfield Dies at 39 | Fox News [PAR] 'Spartacus' Star Whitfield Dies at 39 [PAR] Published September 11, 2011 [PAR] Facebook 0 Twitter 0 livefyre Email Print [PAR] This Thursday, Jan. 21, 2010 file photo shows actor Andy Whitfield at a screening of \"Extraordinary Measures\" in New York. Whitfield, the 37-year-old star of the cable TV series Spartacus: Blood and Sand, died of non-Hodgkins Lymphoma in Australia on Sunday, Sept. 11, 2011. (AP) [PAR] LOS ANGELES \u2013 Andy Whitfield, who played the title role in the hit cable series \"Spartacus: Blood and Sand,\" has died at age 39, according to representatives and family. [PAR] Whitfield died Sunday in Sydney, Australia , 18 months after he was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma , manager Sam Maydew told the Associated Press. [PAR] \"On a beautiful sunny Sydney spring morning, surrounded by his family, in the arms of his loving wife, our beautiful young warrior Andy Whitfield lost his 18 month battle with lymphoma cancer,\" Whitfield's wife Vashti said in a statement. \"He passed peacefully surrounded by love. Thank you to all his fans whose love and support have help carry him to this point. He will be remembered as the inspiring, courageous and gentle man, father and husband he was.\" [PAR] Andy Whitfield -- who was born in Wales and moved to Australia in 1999 -- was a virtual unknown when he was cast as the legendary Thracian slave in \"Spartacus,\" a role made famous by Kirk Douglas in the 1960 Stanley Kubrick film. [PAR] The series proved a breakout hit for the Starz network and made waves with its graphic violence and sexuality. [PAR] Whitfield appeared in all 13 episodes of the first season that aired in 2010, and was preparing to shoot the second when he was diagnosed with cancer. [PAR] While waiting for Whitfield's treatment and expected recovery, the network produced a six-part prequel, \"Spartacus: Gods of the Arena,\" that aired earlier this year with only a brief voiceover from the actor. [PAR] But in January after Whitfield's condition grew worse, the network announced that another Australian actor, Liam McIntyre, would take over the role. [PAR] \"We are deeply saddened by the loss of our dear friend and colleague, Andy Whitfield,\" Starz President and CEO Chris Albrecht said in a statement Sunday night. \"We were fortunate to have worked with Andy in `Spartacus' and came to know that the man who played a champion on-screen was also a champion in his own life.\" [PAR] Whitfield's previous credits included appearances on the Australian TV shows \"Packed to the Rafters\" and \"McLeod's Daughters.\" [PAR] Advertisement[DOC] [TLE] Andy Whitfield, 'Spartacus' Star, Dead At 39 - MTV Andy Whitfield, 'Spartacus' Star, Dead At 39 - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] Gil Kaufman [PAR] 09/12/2011 [PAR] Andy Whitfield, star of the Starz Entertainment sword-and-sandal series \"Spartacus,\" died in Australia on Sunday at the age of 39. [PAR] The muscled actor succumbed to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a type of blood cancer with which he was diagnosed in March 2010, according to The New York Times. [PAR] Whitfield was born in Wales, but made his home in Australia, where he first came to attention after stints in a number TV shows, including \"All Saints\" and \"Packed to the Rafters.\" The sometime model had his biggest breakthrough, though, when he was cast in the Starz series \"Spartacus: Blood and Sand,\" in which he played the title role of a soldier who leads a rebellion against the Roman Empire. The series was an instant hit thanks to his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Congeniality (2000) - IMDb Miss Congeniality (2000) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] An FBI agent must go undercover in the Miss United States beauty pageant to prevent a group from bombing the event. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 23 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 13 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 17 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Miss Congeniality \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Golden Globes. Another 7 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After Cheryl Frasier and Stan Fields are kidnapped, Gracie goes undercover in Las Vegas to find them. [PAR] Director: John Pasquin [PAR] When a blonde sorority queen is dumped by her boyfriend, she decides to follow him to law school to get him back and, once there, learns she has more legal savvy than she ever imagined. [PAR] Director: Robert Luketic [PAR] A pushy boss forces her young assistant to marry her in order to keep her visa status in the U.S. and avoid deportation to Canada. [PAR] Director: Anne Fletcher [PAR] A lawyer decides that she's used too much like a nanny by her boss, so she walks out on him. [PAR] Director: Marc Lawrence [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] Benjamin Barry is an advertising executive and ladies' man who, to win a big campaign, bets that he can make a woman fall in love with him in 10 days. Andie Anderson covers the \"How To\" beat for \"Composure\" magazine and is assigned to write an article on \"How to Lose a Guy in 10 days.\" They meet in a bar shortly after the bet is made. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] After serving as a bridesmaid 27 times, a young woman wrestles with the idea of standing by her sister's side as her sibling marries the man she's secretly in love with. [PAR] Director: Anne Fletcher [PAR] A smart but sensible new graduate lands a job as an assistant to Miranda Priestly, the demanding editor-in-chief of a high fashion magazine. [PAR] Director: David Frankel [PAR] A girl makes a wish on her 13th birthday and wakes up the next day as a 30-year-old woman. [PAR] Director: Gary Winick [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] When her brother decides to ditch for a couple weeks in London, Viola heads over to his elite boarding school, disguises herself as him, and proceeds to fall for one of her soccer teammates. Little does she realize she's not the only one with romantic troubles, as she, as he, gets in the middle of a series of intermingled love affairs. [PAR] Director: Andy Fickman [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Havisham: My favourite Charles Dickens character ... Miss Havisham: My favourite Charles Dickens character - Telegraph [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] Miss Havisham: My favourite Charles Dickens character [PAR] Miss Havisham - from Great Expectations - is one of Charles Dickens's most memorable characters and is the twentieth in our series of his best characters. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] Gillian Anderson starred as the disturbed Miss Havisham in the 2011 Christmas BBC adaptation of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. Photo: BBC [PAR] [PAR] Charles Dickens 'excelled in the creation of characters,' said poet TS Eliot [PAR] By Lorna Bradbury, Deputy Books Editor [PAR] 6:28PM GMT 20 Feb 2012 [PAR] My Favourite Charles Dickens character: Miss Havisham from Great Expectations (1859) [PAR] I should start with a disclaimer, as the first thing one should acknowledge about Miss Havisham is that she is not really a proper character at all. As an image of the withered bride jilted at the altar, living in a state of perpetual mourning for what might have been, she is magnificent. But as a character, no one could claim she was Dickens\u2019s strongest. [PAR] That\u2019s always been the problem with the dramatic representations, not least with Gillian Anderson\u2019s ethereal, oddly monotone performance in the BBC\u2019s recent adaptation of Great Expectations. No matter what the interpretation, it\u2019s difficult really to believe in her. [PAR] But quite as much as Pip, Miss Havisham is the driving force behind Dickens\u2019s novel. I first read Great Expectations many years ago, and of all the characters in the novel it is Miss Havisham who has lived on most vividly in my imagination. [PAR] It is her appearance that is so haunting, dressed all in white, but of a white which had long ago \u201clost its lustre, and was faded and yellow\u201d; a cross between a waxwork and a skeleton. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Aged P: My favourite Charles Dickens character [PAR] 06 Feb 2012 [PAR] And this brittle, damaged woman we begin by pitying comes to turn such misery both on Estella, the daughter she has brought up as her own, and Pip, the young man she champions and \u2013 in the end \u2013 betrays. She perceives herself as a defender of the rights of women \u2013 but her victories on men are so petty and so vindictive. [PAR] What also stands out reading the novel again now is how \u2013 as ever with Dickens \u2013 so much of the description seems to come from life. [PAR] \u201cOnce, I had been taken to see some ghastly waxwork at the Fair, representing I know not what impossible personage lying in state. Once, I had been taken to one of our old marsh churches to see a skeleton in the ashes of a rich dress, that had been dug out of a vault under the church pavement.\u201d [PAR] So goes Dickens\u2019s description of Miss Havisham when we first meet her, and it is impossible not to have in mind Dickens the journalist, viewing these two spectres. [PAR] Miss Havisham might be an image, an illusion, a manifestation of the ravages of time upon the body. But the thing that makes her endure for the modern reader is this foothold in a particular time and place. [PAR] The full series of 'My favourite Charles Dickens character' is:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Driving Miss Daisy (1989) - IMDb Driving Miss Daisy (1989) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An old Jewish woman and her African-American chauffeur in the American South have a relationship that grows and improves over the years. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 12 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 29 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 26 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Title: Driving Miss Daisy (1989) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 17 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Lt. John Dunbar, exiled to a remote western Civil War outpost, befriends wolves and Indians, making him an intolerable aberration in the military. [PAR] Director: Kevin Costner [PAR] The story of the final Emperor of China. [PAR] Director: Bernardo Bertolucci [PAR] Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] A young Shakespeare, out of ideas and short of cash, meets his ideal woman and is inspired to write one of his most famous plays. [PAR] Director: John Madden [PAR] Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. [PAR] Director: Rob Marshall [PAR] Ted Kramer's wife leaves her husband, allowing for a lost bond to be rediscovered between Ted and his son, Billy. But a heated custody battle ensues over the divorced couple's son, deepening the wounds left by the separation. [PAR] Director: Robert Benton [PAR] In 20th-century colonial Kenya, a Danish baroness/plantation owner has a passionate love affair with a free-spirited big-game hunter. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] At the close of WWII, a young nurse tends to a badly-burned plane crash victim. His past is shown in flashbacks, revealing an involvement in a fateful love affair. [PAR] Director: Anthony Minghella [PAR] Follows hard-to-please Aurora looking for love and her daughter's family problems. [PAR] Director: James L. Brooks [PAR] Two British track athletes, one a determined Jew and the other a devout Christian, compete in the 1924 Olympics. [PAR] Director: Hugh Hudson [PAR] Los Angeles citizens with vastly separate lives collide in interweaving stories of race, loss and redemption. [PAR] Director: Paul Haggis [PAR] The accidental death of the older son of an affluent family deeply strains the relationships among the bitter mother, the good-natured father, and the guilt-ridden younger son. [PAR] Director: Robert Redford [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] An elderly Jewish widow living in Atlanta can no longer drive. Her son insists she allow him to hire"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Agatha Christie's Marple (TV Series 2004\u2013 ) - IMDb Agatha Christie's Marple (TV Series 2004\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An elderly spinster living in the village of St Mary Mead helps her friends and relatives solve mysterious murders. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Miss Marple aids a young mother and son by spiriting them away to the estate of an eccentric botanist, not knowing that it will soon become the scene of murder. [PAR] 7.6 [PAR] A superstitious woman dies of apparent fright after her fate is foretold by a medium, but Miss Marple is convinced of foul play. [PAR] 7.5 [PAR] Troubled war veteran Jerry Burton and his sister Joanna rent a cottage in a seemingly tranquil English village which is plagued by a spate of poison pen letters... and murder. [PAR] 7.5 [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 06 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: Agatha Christie's Marple (2004\u2013 ) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] From England to Egypt, accompanied by his elegant and trustworthy sidekicks, the intelligent yet eccentrically-refined Belgian detective Hercule Poirot pits his wits against a collection of first class deceptions. [PAR] Stars: David Suchet, Hugh Fraser, Philip Jackson [PAR] Midsomer Murders (TV Series 1997) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR] A veteran DCI and his young sergeant investigate murders around the regional community of Midsomer County. [PAR] Stars: John Nettles, Jane Wymark, Barry Jackson [PAR] Miss Marple receives a cryptic letter requesting her to right an unknown injustice, but receives no hint other than a ticket for guided tour of historic homes. [PAR] Director: David Tucker [PAR] Inspector Robert Lewis and Sergeant James Hathaway solve the tough cases that the learned inhabitants of Oxford throw at them. [PAR] Stars: Kevin Whately, Laurence Fox, Clare Holman [PAR] When a handful of grain is found in the pocket of a murdered businessman, Miss Marple seeks a murderer with a penchant for nursery rhymes. [PAR] Director: Guy Slater [PAR] When Miss Marple is invited to the manor house of an old friend, it is not long before a puzzling murder puts her mind to work. [PAR] Director: Norman Stone [PAR] When a young bride moves into a country manor, long repressed childhood memories of witnessing a murder come to the surface. [PAR] Director: John Davies [PAR] Father Brown (TV Series 2013) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR] Series inspired by the stories of GK Chesterton; a Catholic priest has a knack for solving mysteries in his English"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Broadway Musical Home - Miss Saigon Broadway Musical Home - Miss Saigon [PAR] Broadway Musical Home [PAR] Who starred in the original cast? [PAR] Where can I buy the music? [PAR] What\u2019s the buzz on Broadway? [PAR] Find out at Broadway Musical Home [PAR] Miss Saigon [PAR] by Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg , Alain Boublil and Richard Maltby Jr. [PAR] Opening Soon on Broadway [PAR] Buy Tickets [PAR] About the Musical [PAR] Based on Giacomo Puccini\u2019s opera Madame Butterfly, Miss Saigon is set in the 1970s during the final days of and following the Vietnam War. [PAR] Story: [PAR] The Vietnam War is in its final days, and American soldiers are celebrating in careless escapades with Saigon\u2019s prostitutes. Chris, a sergeant with a distaste for the club scene, is coerced to spend the night with a new bargirl, Kim. When they quickly fall in love and Chris bargains for her freedom from the bar owner, named the Engineer, a love saga begins that puts the characters\u2019 moral convictions and honor codes to the test.[DOC] [TLE] Why Puccini would love 'Miss Saigon' | Puccini - Classic FM Why Puccini would love 'Miss Saigon' - Classic FM [PAR] Classic FM [PAR] Guides [PAR] Now Playing [PAR] Schedule [PAR] Why Puccini would love 'Miss Saigon' [PAR] Based on the opera 'Madam Butterfly', Cameron Mackintosh's new production of the musical 'Miss Saigon' - from the creators of 'Les Miserables' - is the hottest ticket in London's West End. But would Puccini approve? [PAR] It\u2019s the heartbreaking story of a doomed love affair between an Asian girl \u2013 forced into prostitution by family poverty \u2013 and an American military man, stationed temporarily in her country. He returns home, she has his child \u2013 and then waits patiently for his return\u2026 [PAR] And you know the rest because it\u2019s such a famous tale. But you may be surprised to learn that I\u2019m not talking about Puccini \u2019s Madam Butterfly , but rather Miss Saigon, the hit 1989 musical that has been revived in London\u2019s West End. [PAR] Miss Saigon - The musical in pictures > [PAR] Before the classical purists accuse Miss Saigon\u2019s creators, Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg and Alain Boublil, of plagiarism, let\u2019s be clear that it\u2019s an unashamed tribute to Butterfly, successfully relocating the action from 19th-century Japan to 1970s Saigon during the Vietnam War. [PAR] Watching this slick, spectacular show, brilliantly staged and sung \u2013 and deeply moving at times \u2013 I couldn\u2019t help but think how cleverly its makers have managed to take what some might call an untouchable classical masterpiece and refashion it into another, hugely successful piece of theatre for our times. [PAR] And to those who think that you just shouldn\u2019t go there, I\u2019d say there\u2019s nothing new about more than one composer being inspired by the same story. Butterfly was preceded by another opera titled \u2013 less alluringly \u2013 Madame Chrysanthemum, which also drew on the tragic tale that originally appeared in the autobiographical journal of a US naval officer stationed in Nagasaki. [PAR] Admittedly, while Miss Saigon has a host of original and well-written numbers, there are moments that ring a few temple bells and conjure up the ghost of Puccini - and even the Kurt Weill-tinged menace of Cabaret. But that\u2019s nothing new either; composers have always drawn inspiration from others, and there\u2019s certainly no plagiarism here. [PAR] And so far as incorporating classical works into musicals is concerned, well, the Broadway hit Kismet reworked Borodin . And Tchaikovsky \u2019s Sleeping Beauty, with added lyrics, gave Disney a number of well-loved songs for their animated version. [PAR] Puccini"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary Jean Lastimosa is new Miss Universe Philippines ... Mary Jean Lastimosa is new Miss Universe Philippines | Inquirer lifestyle [PAR] Mary Jean Lastimosa is new Miss Universe Philippines [PAR] By: Kristine Angeli Sabillo - @KSabilloINQ [PAR] INQUIRER.net / 09:35 AM March 31, 2014 [PAR] Winners of the Bb. Pilipinas 2014 pose during the coronation night at the Smart Araneta Coliseum From left are: Hannah Sison, 2nd runner-up; Parul Shah, Bb. Pilipinas Tourism; Kris Janson, Bb. Pilipinas Intercontinental; Mary Jean Lastimosa, Bb. Pilipinas Universe; Mary Anne Guidotti, Bb. Pilipinas International, Yvethe Marie Santiago, Bb. Pilipinas Supranational; and Laura Lehman, 1st runner-up. INQUIRER PHOTO / RICHARD A. REYES [PAR] MANILA, Philippines\u2014North Cotabato native Mary Jean Lastimosa was crowned as Miss Universe Philippines 2014 at the Araneta Coliseum in Cubao, Quezon City on Sunday night. [PAR] An emotional Lastimosa, who also won the Best in Swimsuit award, received her crown from reigning Miss Universe Gabriela Isler of Venezuela. [PAR] Bagging the Bb. Pilipinas International title was Mary Anne Bianca Guidotti from Taguig. The statuesque beauty queen also won Best in Long Gown. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Meanwhile the Bb. Pilipinas Tourism crown was awarded to half-Indian half-Filipino Parul Shah of Pangasinan. [PAR] Yvethe Marie Santiago, the 20-year old accountant from Albay, was announced Bb. Pilipinas Supranational. [PAR] On the other hand, Kris Janson of Cebu was awarded with the Bb. Pilipinas Intercontinental crown. She was also the pageant\u2019s Best in National Costume and Miss Photogenic. [PAR] Declared first runner-up was Laura Lehman, and second runner-up was Hannah Sison. Both hailed from Makati. [PAR] Other candidates who received a special award were Gabrielle Erika Tilokani for Miss Talent and Racquel Kabigting for Miss Friendship. [PAR] It was the third time that the 26-year old Lastimosa joined the pageant, winning second runner-up in 2011 and landing in the Top 12 in 2012. [PAR] \u201cBinibining Pilipinas\u2019 Maricar Balagtas is her inspiration for joining the pageant again, because she joined three times before winning. Whenever she feels down, she looks up at her and thinks that if she was able to do it and so can she,\u201d read Lastimosa\u2019s profile at the Bb. Pilipinas website. [PAR] Balagtas won the Bb. Pilipinas Universe title in 2004, the third time she joined the contest. [PAR] Because of her long experience in the pageant circuit, Lastimosa has developed close friendships with other beauty queens. Last December, she was included in the wedding entourage of her best friend Shamcey Supsup, who finished third runner-up in the 2011 Miss Universe pageant in Brazil. [PAR] Lastimosa will compete at the 63rd Miss Universe pageant later this year.[DOC] [TLE] Miss Philippines: Mary Jean wins big; Dubai-born Parul ... Miss Philippines: Mary Jean wins big; Dubai-born Parul gets a title - Emirates 24|7 [PAR] Miss Philippines: Mary Jean wins big; Dubai-born Parul gets a title [PAR] Dubai-based expats daughter wins the Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014 crown [PAR] By [PAR] Published [PAR] Monday, March 31, 2014 [PAR] The winners of Binibining Pilipinas: (L-R) 2nd runner-up Hannah Sison, Bb Pilipinas Tourism Parul Shah, Bb Pilipinas Intercontinental Kris Janson, Bb Pilipinas Universe Mary Jean Lastimosa, Bb Pilipinas International Mary Anne Guidotti, Bb Pilipinas Supranational Yvethe Santiago, and 1st runner-up Laura Lehmann. [PAR] 26-year-old beauty from North Cotabato, Mary Jean Lastimosa, was crowned the Binibining Pilipinas Universe 2014. [PAR] Lastimosa got third time lucky and finally won the crown at the annual beauty pageant's grand coronation night held at the Araneta Coliseum on Sunday. [PAR] Mary Anne Guidotti from Taguig City was crowned Binibining International 2014. [PAR] The 24-year-old is a graduate from Ateneo de Manila University"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Piggy - Muppet Wiki - Wikia Miss Piggy | Muppet Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] designer/builder [PAR] First Mate Piggy of the USS Swinetrek. [PAR] Miss Piggy is one of the central characters on The Muppet Show . She is a force of nature who developed from a one-joke running gag into a complex, three-dimensional character. [PAR] Miss Piggy is a prima-donna pig who is absolutely convinced that she's destined for stardom, and nothing is going to stand in her way. Her public face is the soul of feminine charm, but she can instantly fly into a rage whenever she thinks she's insulted or thwarted. Kermit the Frog has learned this all too well; when she isn't smothering him in kisses, she's sending him flying through the air with a karate-chop. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Piggy's Biography [PAR] From modest beginnings (which she is quick to gloss over), Miss Piggy first broke into show business by winning the Miss Bogen County beauty contest, a victory which also marked her first meeting with the frog of her life, Kermit (whom she often calls \"Kermie\"). The rest, as they say, is history (and a lot of juicy gossip, too). [PAR] In 1976, Miss Piggy started out in the chorus of The Muppet Show. Thanks to her charisma and a correspondence course in karate, [1] Piggy made her presence known and soon became the lead chanteuse and femme fatale on the show. Quickly, her career expanded to include television specials, home videos, records and books. Her \"how to\" volume of advice on absolutely everything, Miss Piggy's Guide to Life , became a national bestseller, and her fabulous face has been featured on the cover of countless magazines too numerous to mention. [PAR] Miss Piggy starred in two regular Muppet Show sketches -- \" Veterinarian's Hospital \", as the ravishing Nurse Piggy, and \" Pigs in Space \", as the enchanting First Mate Piggy. [PAR] She also has a dog named Foo-Foo . [PAR] Miss Piggy has starred in all eight theatrically-released Muppet feature films, and both made-for-TV movies. She starred in two television specials, The Fantastic Miss Piggy Show and Miss Piggy's Hollywood . She also starred in her own workout album . [PAR] Miss Piggy's Talents [PAR] Miss Piggy considers herself a dramatic actress and a great singer, but she has other talents, too (besides karate). [PAR] In the Kaye Ballard episode of The Muppet Show, it has been proven that Miss Piggy can play a few instruments such as the trumpet and kazoo. [PAR] Miss Piggy proves to be great at bending metal bars (for example, in The Great Muppet Caper , she bent back the jail bars, and in The Muppets Take Manhattan, she was able to bend a metal bar). [PAR] As shown in The Great Muppet Caper, Miss Piggy also has the ability to model, tap dance, swim, drive a truck, and ride a motorcycle. [PAR] Pointed out by Rowlf in The Muppets: A Celebration of 30 Years and Kermit in A Muppet Family Christmas , no one can make an entrance like Piggy. [PAR] Kermit and Piggy [PAR] Eventually in the films, Kermit started returning her affections and (unwittingly) married her in The Muppets Take Manhattan \u2014although subsequent events suggest that it was only their characters in the movie that married and that their relationship is really the same as ever. [PAR] Before The Muppets Take Manhattan, in episode 310 of The Muppet Show, Miss Piggy unsuccessfully attempted to get Kermit to marry her. She wrote a \"comedy sketch\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: Jason and the ... BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: Jason and the Golden Fleece [PAR] Jason and the Golden Fleece [PAR] By Michael Wood [PAR] Last updated 2011-02-17 [PAR] Michael Wood discovers a story of heroism, treachery, love and tragedy that would make Hollywood proud. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Classic tale [PAR] The Greek tale of Jason and the Golden Fleece has been told for 3,000 years. It's a classic hero's quest tale - a sort of ancient Greek mission impossible - in which the hero embarks on a sea voyage into an unknown land, with a great task to achieve. He is in search of a magical ram's fleece, which he has to find in order to reclaim his father's kingdom of Iolkos from the usurper King Pelias. [PAR] The Greeks have retold and reinterpreted it many times since, changing it as their knowledge of the physical world increased. [PAR] The story is a set a generation before the time of the Trojan War, around 1300 BC, but the first known written mention of it comes six centuries later, in the age of Homer (800 BC). The tale came out of the region of Thessaly, in Greece, where early epic poetry developed. The Greeks have retold and reinterpreted it many times since, changing it as their knowledge of the physical world increased. [PAR] No one knows for sure where the earliest poets set the adventure, but by 700 BC the poet Eumelos set the tale of the Golden Fleece in the kingdom of Aia, a land that at the time was thought to be at the eastern edge of the world. At this point the Jason story becomes fixed as an expedition to the Black Sea. The most famous version, penned by Apollonius of Rhodes, who was head of the library at Alexandria, was composed in the third century BC, after the invasion of Asia by Alexander the Great. [PAR] Since the 1870s a series of excavations at Mycenae, Knossos, Troy and elsewhere has brought the Greek Heroic Age - the imaginary time when the great myths were set - to life. The archaeologists' discoveries of Bronze Age (2300-700 BC) artefacts made it clear that the Greek myths and epic poems preserve the traditions of a Bronze Age society, and may refer to actual events of that time. The story could also perhaps represent an age of Greek colonisation around the shores of the Black Sea. [PAR] Top [PAR] Jason's task [PAR] Village in Svaneti region of north west Georgia. Here people still pan for gold using the fleece of a sheep \u00a9 According to the legend, Jason was deprived of his expectation of the throne of Iolkos (a real kingdom situated in the locale of present day Volos) by his uncle, King Pelias, who usurped the throne. Jason was taken from his parents, and was brought up on Mount Pelion, in Thessaly, by a centaur named Cheiron. Meantime his uncle lived in dread of an oracle's prophecy, which said he should fear the 'man with one shoe'. [PAR] His task would take him beyond the known world to acquire the fleece of a magical ram that once belonged to Zeus, the king of the gods. [PAR] At the age of 20 Jason set off to return to Iolkos - on his journey losing a sandal in the river while helping Hera, Queen of the Gods, who was in disguise as an old woman. On arriving before King Pelias, Jason revealed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ancient Egypt: Body and soul - khat, ab, ren, ka, ba, shut ... Ancient Egypt: Body and soul - khat, ab, ren, ka, ba, shut, akh, sahu [PAR] Ancient Egypt: Body and soul - body : khat, sahu, heart : ab, name : ren, ka , shadow : shut, ba , akh [PAR] <a href=\"../ifwindow.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Search</a> [PAR] Printout [PAR] For best results save the whole webpage (pictures included) onto your hard disk, open the page with Word 97 or higher, edit if necessary and print. [PAR] Printing using the browser's print function is not recommended. [PAR] Body and soul [PAR] The ancient Egyptian view of what made up a person is confusing. [ 1 ] The main constituents were the body, its ka, and its name which remained always in close proximity to each other even in the tomb, and the shadow, the ba, sahu and akh which were more mobile and independent. [PAR] In magical thinking the limits of a person are ill defined: things which we would pay little heed to could be of critical importance to an ancient Egyptian. How much of a person's essence is inherent in an image? Jilted lovers still tear up pictures of their former love, but they know that this cannot hurt anybody. An ancient Egyptian on the other hand believed that he could harm somebody by destroying his image or gain power over him by applying spells to things which had belonged to him. [PAR] [PAR] Some of the terms below were at times (at least in our eyes) almost interchangeable, and they acquired new aspects during the three millennia of their use, changing their meanings. There are no proper unequivocal translations for them, though attempts have been made to equate them with modern psychological terms: The akh is referred to as the Id, the name as the Ego and the ka as the Super-ego. Only, they are nothing like it. [PAR] The body ( X.t ) and its mummy ( saH ) [PAR] Khnum, the sculptor who gives lives, created a child's body, the khat, [PAR] ( MdC transliteration X.t) - together with its twin, the ka - on his potter's wheel and inserted them with the sperm into the mother's womb. The Egyptian view of the body was, from its conception to its death, mostly magical. The biological aspects of the body's functions, apart from the obvious ones everybody can discern, were largely unknown, instead it was populated and surrounded with spiritual and demonic entities whose evil influence caused the diseases and ailments people suffered from. [PAR] The mummy of Hont-m-pet [PAR] Source: Smith, G. Elliot. Catalogue G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Antiquit\u00e9s \u00e9gyptiennes du Mus\u00e9e du Caire: The Royal Mummies. [PAR] Le Caire: Imprimerie de L'institut Fran\u00e7ais D'arch\u00e9ologie Orientale, 1912 [PAR] The preservation of the body [ 6 ] by mummification in order to enable the deceased to enjoy a life after death was at first only performed on the corpse of the divine pharaoh, but became widespread as the notion of everybody being capable of having an afterlife took root. This afterlife was a continuation of life in the here and now: Tombs were decorated with scenes of daily life (above all during the Old Kingdom), things the deceased had used were left in their graves, and since the Middle Kingdom they were given servants in the form of little statuettes, ushabtis to stand in for them and perform their civic duties in the beyond. [PAR] The body, the X.t, after its transformation into a mummy, a saH, had to undergo the Ceremony of the Opening of the Mouth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which Two-headed God Is January Named After? | Dictionary ... Which Two-headed God Is January Named After? | Dictionary.com Blog [PAR] Home \u00bb Calendar Events \u00bb Which Two-headed God Is January Named After? [PAR] Which Two-headed God Is January Named After? [PAR] January 1, 2016 by: Dictionary.com 559 Comments [PAR] January is often considered the month for deep reflection. We look back at the year behind us, bemoaning our regrets and celebrating our successes. And then, we look forward to the future year. We make well-meaning resolutions and hope for the best. [PAR] So, in this way, we\u2019re all a little bit like Janus , the Roman god for which January is named. Janus is usually depicted with having two heads. that face in opposite directions. One looks back to the year departed, and one looks forward to the new and uncertain year ahead. [PAR] (The poetic term John Keats coined that describes living your life while accepting that it is filled with uncertainty seems apropos to this transitional time. Learn the term and its exact meaning, here .) [PAR] The god Saturn bestowed upon Janus this ability to see into the future and past. His name comes from the Latin word ianua , which means \u201cdoor.\u201d Janus is the god of doors, gates, doorways, bridges, and passageways, all of which symbolize beginnings and ends. Janus also represented transition, such as the time between youth and adulthood. [PAR] If you find it odd that a deity with two heads is the namesake for one of our prominent months, consider the story of the obscure, one-armed Norse god that Tuesday is named after . His name, and history, can be found here ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sleipnir - Norse Mythology for Smart People Sleipnir - Norse Mythology for Smart People [PAR] Norse Mythology for Smart People [PAR] Sleipnir [PAR] Odin riding Sleipnir (detail from the Tj\u00e4ngvide Runestone) [PAR] Sleipnir (pronounced \u201cSLAYP-neer\u201d; Old Norse Sleipnir, \u201cThe Sliding One\u201d) is the eight-legged horse of the god Odin . Sleipnir is one of Odin\u2019s many shamanic helping spirits, ranks that also include the valkyries and Hugin and Munin , and he can probably be classified as a fylgja . Odin rides Sleipnir on his frequent journeys throughout the Nine Worlds , which are held in the branches and roots of the world-tree Yggdrasil . [PAR] The eight-legged horse as a means of transportation used by shamans in their ecstatic travels throughout the cosmos is a motif that can be found in a staggering number of indigenous traditions from all over the world. Sleipnir is \u201cthe shamanic horse par excellence,\u201d[1] just as Odin is the shamanic god par excellence. [PAR] Sleipnir was born when the god Loki shape-shifted into a mare and became pregnant by the stallion of a giant , as is recounted in the tale of The Fortification of Asgard . [PAR] Looking for more great information on Norse mythology and religion? While this site provides the ultimate online introduction to the topic, my book The Viking Spirit provides the ultimate introduction to Norse mythology and religion period. I\u2019ve also written a popular list of The 10 Best Norse Mythology Books , which you\u2019ll probably find helpful in your pursuit. [PAR] References: [PAR] [1] Price, Neil S. 2002. The Viking Way: Religion and War in Late Iron Age Scandinavia. p. 320-323. [PAR] The Ultimate Online Resource for Norse Mythology and Religion [PAR] My Books[DOC] [TLE] Sleipnir - Encyclopedia Mythica Sleipnir [PAR] Sleipnir [PAR] by Micha F. Lindemans [PAR] According to Norse mythology, the wall that enclosed Asgard was destroyed during a war between the Vanir and the Aesir , leaving the gods vulnerable to an attack by the giants. [PAR] One day, an itinerant stonemason named Blast came to Asgard and offered to rebuild the wall if the goddess Freya would consent to be his wife. He asked for the sun and the moon as well. The gods wanted the wall rebuilt but the terms stated by the mason were outrageous. However, the god Loki proposed a way of outwitting the mason and getting at least part of the wall rebuilt for nothing. The gods agreed to the payment asked by the mason, but only if the work was completed within six months. The mason insisted that he be allowed to use his stallion, Svadilfari, in rebuilding the wall. [PAR] The work proceeded much more rapidly than the gods had anticipated and they began to worry that the mason might have to be paid after all. The god Odin threatened to kill Loki if the wall was completed within the allotted time. Loki saw that the mason's horse was doing the heavy hauling and he devised a plan to deprive the mason of the help of his horse. Taking the form of a young mare, Loki lured the stallion into a thicket and made sure that he remained there until the next day. When Svadilfari returned to his master it was too late to complete the work. The mason became so angry that he revealed his true form, that of a rock giant. The god Thor dispatched the giant with a mighty blow of his hammer, Mjollnir. [PAR] Months later, Loki returned to Asgard. He brought with him a gray colt with eight legs, the foal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oedipus - Myth Encyclopedia - mythology, Greek, god, story ... Oedipus - Myth Encyclopedia - mythology, Greek, god, story, names, ancient, Roman, life, hero [PAR] Myths Encyclopedia \u00bb Ni-Pa \u00bb Oedipus - Myth Encyclopedia [PAR] Oedipus [PAR] Oedipus was a tragic hero of Greek mythology, a king doomed to a dire fate because he unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. His story is the tale of someone who, because he did not know his true identity, followed the wrong path in life. Once he had set foot on that path, his best qualities could not save him from the results of actions that violated the laws of gods and men. Oedipus represents two enduring themes of Greek myth and drama: the flawed nature of humanity and an individual's powerlessness against the course of destiny in a harsh universe. [PAR] The Myth. The story begins with a son born to King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes*. The oracle at Delphi* told them that their child would grow up to murder Laius and marry Jocasta. Horrified, the king fastened the infant's feet together with a large pin and left him on a mountainside to die. [PAR] However, shepherds found the baby\u2014who became known as Oedipus, or \"swollen foot\"\u2014and took him to the city of Corinth. There King Polybus and Queen Merope adopted him and raised him to think that he was their own son. When Oedipus was grown, however, someone told him that he was not the son of Polybus. Oedipus went to Delphi to ask the oracle about his parentage. The answer he received was, \"You are the man fated to murder his father and marry his mother.\" [PAR] Like Laius and Jocasta, Oedipus was determined to avoid the destiny predicted for him. Believing that the oracle had said he was fated to kill Polybus and marry Merope, he vowed never to return to Corinth. Instead, he headed toward Thebes. [PAR] oracle priest or priestess or other creature through whom a god is believed to speak; also the location (such as a shrine) where such words are spoken [PAR] destiny future or fate of an individual or thing [PAR] Along the way, Oedipus came to a narrow road between cliffs. There he met an older man in a chariot coming the other way. The two quarreled over who should give way, and Oedipus killed the stranger and went on to Thebes. He found the city in great distress. He learned that a monster called the Sphinx was terrorizing the Thebans by devouring them when they failed to answer its riddle and that King Laius had been murdered on his way to seek help from the Delphic oracle. The riddle of the Sphinx was \"What walks on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three in the evening?\" Oedipus gave the correct answer: \"A human being, who crawls as an infant, walks erect in maturity, and leans on a staff in old age.\" With this answer, Oedipus not only defeated the Sphinx, which killed itself in rage, but won the throne of the dead king and the hand in marriage of the king's widow, Jocasta. [PAR] This painting on the base of an ancient cup shows Oedipus and the Sphinx, a winged monster with the body of a lion and the head of a woman. To rescue the people of Thebes from the monster's terror, Oedipus had to answer its riddle. [PAR] * See Names and Places at the end of this volume for further information. [PAR] Oedipus and Jocasta lived happily for a time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] V\u00f6lsunga Saga - Timeless Myths V\u00f6lsunga Saga [PAR] Beginning [PAR] [PAR] Sigi was a great hunter, yet a thrall of Skadi named Bredi, who had matched his prowess in hunting, bested him. In a jealous rage he killed Bredi hiding the body in a snowdrift. When Skadi found his thrall dead in a snowdrift, he declared Sigi an outlaw. Later, Sigi, became king of the Huns. Sigi made many enemies in his long reign, among the enemies were his brother-in-laws. In his old age, his enemies had him killed. [PAR] His son, Rerir , succeeded Sigi. Rerir, who was an even greater king than his father, in bravery and combat, avenged his father, killing his uncles and other enemies. He built a great empire through his numerous victories in wars against his neighbours. However, he and his wife had problems with producing an heir. Desperately wanting a son, Rerir prayed to the gods. Frigg, wife and consort of Odin, asked for a golden apple from the giant, Hrimnir. The apple was delivered to Rerir by crow, which dropped the apple in his laps. Immediately realising the importance of this divine sign, Rerir shared the apple with his wife. Soon, Rerir's wife was pregnant. [PAR] Rerir, who fought a war to fight, fell ill and died. Rerir's wife was pregnant for an impossible six winters! Dying, the queen asked them to cut the baby out of her womb. Volsung was born almost a man in size and strength. [PAR] [PAR] Volsunga Saga is an Icelandic Saga, written about 1250. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Signy & Sigmund [PAR] [PAR] Volsung was born an orphan, but unlike children, but he was huge in size and strength, succeeded his father, becoming king of Hunland. Volsung became even powerful than father. His palace was built, with the oak tree called Branstock, in the middle of his great hall. [PAR] Hrimnir send his daughter Ljod (Hljod) to marry Volsung. Volsung became the father of ten mighty sons and a daughter, Signy . Signy was the twin sister of Sigmund and enjoyed a close relationship with her brother. [PAR] One day, Siggeir , king of Gothland, came and asked for Volsung, his daughter's hand in marriage. Volsung agreed, though Signy did not want to marry Siggeir, knowing him to be treacherous and murderous king. [PAR] During the feast, Odin disguised as old man, came to the hall and drove a great sword into Branstock. Odin told them it would be his gift to the person who could draw the sword out of great oak tree. [PAR] It was said that Volund (or Wayland the Smith) made the sword, and the magic sword was later called Gram (Balmung or Mimung in German myth). The sword had the power to make the owner win all his battles. No one in the hall except Sigmund, Volsung's younger son, could extract the sword from Branstock. [PAR] Siggeir, who could not draw the sword from Branstock, wanted the sword for himself, offered to buy the sword off Sigmund. Sigmund scornfully rejected Siggeir's offer of gold. Offended by the young man's reply, Siggeir was determined to destroy Volsung's family. [PAR] Signy unsuccessfully tried to persuade her father not to marry her to the king. She had forboding that Siggeir will betray them. Volsung refused to heel her warning. [PAR] After Siggeir married the reluctant Signy, he invited Volsung to come to his home. [PAR] Again, Signy warned her father, fearing her new husband would attack them, but again Volsung ignored her warning. The moment Volsung and his sons arrived in Siggeir's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CHIMERA (Khimaira) - Three-Headed Monster of Greek Mythology CHIMERA (Khimaira) - Three-Headed Monster of Greek Mythology [PAR] Chimera [PAR] Chimera, South Italian red-figure kylix C4th B.C., Mus\u00e9e du Louvre [PAR] THE KHIMAIRA (Chimera) was a three-headed monster which ravaged the countryside of Lykia (Lycia) in Anatolia. It was a bizarre fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, a goat's head rising from its back, the udders of a goat, and a serpent for a tail. [PAR] The hero Bellerophon was commanded by King Iobates to slay the beast. He rode into battle on the back of the winged horse Pegasos and drove a lead-tipped lance into its flaming throat, choking the beast on molten metal. [PAR] Late classical writers believed the creature was a metaphor for a Lycian volcano. [PAR] FAMILY OF THE CHIMERA [PAR] TYPHOEUS & EKHIDNA (Hesiod Theogony 319, Homeric Hymn 3.356, Apollodorus 2.32 & Hyginus Pref & Fabulae 151) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] SPHINX , NEMEIAN LION (by Orthos ) (Hesiod Theogony 327) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] CHIMAERA (Chimaira), a fire-breathing monster, which, according to the Homeric poems, was of divine origin. She was brought up by Amisodarus, king of Caria, and afterwards made great havoc in all the country around and among men. The fore part of her body was that of a lion, and the hind part that of a dragon, while the middle was that of a goat. (Hom. Il. vi. 180, xvi. 328 ; comp. Ov. Met. ix. 646.) According to Hesiod (Theog. 319, &c.), she was a daughter of Typhaon and Echidna, and had three heads, one of each of the three animals before mentioned, whence she is called trikephalos or tris\u00f4matos. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 634; Eurip. Ion, 203, &c.; Apollod. i. 9. \u00a7 3, ii. 3. \u00a7 1.) She was killed by Bellerophon, and Virgil (Aen. vi. 288) places her together with other monsters at the entrance of Orcus. The origin of the notion of this fire-breathing monster must probably be sought for in the volcano of the name of Chimaera near Phaselis, in Lycia (Plin. H. N. ii. 106, v. 27; Mela. i. 15), or in the volcanic valley near the Cragus (Strab. xiv. p. 665, &c.), which is described as the scene of the events connected with the Chimaera. In the works of art recently discovered in Lycia, we find several representations of the Chimaera in the simple form of a species of lion still occurring in that country. [PAR] Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. [PAR] CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES [PAR] Bellerophon, Pegasus and the Chimera, Laconian black-figure kylix C6th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum [PAR] Homer, Iliad 6. 179 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : [PAR] \"First he [King Iobates of Lykia (Lycia)] sent him [Bellerophon] away with orders to kill the Khimaira (Chimera) none might approach; a thing of immortal make, not human, lion-fronted and snake behind, a goat in the middle, and snorting out the breath of the terrible flame of bright fire. He killed the Khimaira, obeying the portents of the immortals.\" [PAR] Homer, Iliad 16. 328 ff : [PAR] \"Amisodaros (Amisodarus), the one who had nourished the furious Khimaira (Chimera) to be an evil to many.\" [PAR] Hesiod, Theogony 319 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : [PAR] \"She [Ekhidna (Echidna)] bore the Khimaira (Chimera), who snorted raging fire, a beast great and terrible, and strong and swift-footed. Her heads were three: one was that of a glare-eyed lion, one of a goat, and the third of a snake, a powerful"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cullen Murphy Reads 'Are We Rome?' : NPR Cullen Murphy Reads 'Are We Rome?' : NPR [PAR] Cullen Murphy Reads 'Are We Rome?' [PAR] June 18, 200712:00 AM ET [PAR] Linda Kulman [PAR] Atlantic Monthly editor Cullen Murphy helped steer the magazine through a major overhaul; he recently moved to Vanity Fair. hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Atlantic Monthly editor Cullen Murphy helped steer the magazine through a major overhaul; he recently moved to Vanity Fair. [PAR] Murphy Highlights [PAR] On American (and Roman) identity [PAR] Toggle more options [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/11156034/11167521\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\"> [PAR] On privatization in Rome and in the U.S. [PAR] Toggle more options [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/11156034/11167523\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\"> [PAR] On military structures in Rome and the U.S. [PAR] Toggle more options [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/11156034/11167525\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\"> [PAR] Hear Murphy read and discuss his book [PAR] Toggle more options [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/11156034/11176585\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\"> [PAR] Book Tour is a new Web feature and podcast . Each week we present leading authors of fiction and nonfiction as they read from and discuss their work. [PAR] In Cullen Murphy's new book, Are We Rome? the author argues that in fact we are \u2014 just in unexpected ways. It's not so much America's tendency toward decadence and our astounding military might that make us like Rome. It's the dangerous blurring of public and private responsibilities, paired with an inflated sense of power that can blind us to what's happening beyond our borders. Fortunately, Murphy's book displays no such hubris. The Boston Globe says it's a lot like the author himself: \"reflective, curious, mild and measured.\" [PAR] Murphy's interests are nothing if not eclectic. His previous books include Rubbish!, an anthropological study of garbage; The World According to Eve, about women and the Bible; and the aptly named Just Curious, a collection of essays taken largely from his column in The Atlantic Monthly. And Murphy has put his degree in medieval history to good use: For 25 years, he wrote the comic strip Prince Valiant, illustrated by his father. [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] Murphy is even better known as the unflappable editor who spent two decades helping define the Atlantic. But he moved to Vanity Fair last year rather than follow the Atlantic when it relocated to Washington. [PAR] Official Washington, like Rome, prizes its status as the city around which the world revolves, Murphy writes in Are We Rome? Yet there's a crucial difference. Where Rome was all about self-satisfaction, America prides itself on self-improvement. It's this optimistic quality, he believes, that may make it possible for us to reinvent ourselves instead of going the way of the ancient empire. [PAR] This reading of Are We Rome? took place in May 2007 at the Politics & Prose bookstore in Washington, D.C. [PAR] Excerpt: 'Are We Rome?: The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America' [PAR] June 18, 200712:00 AM ET [PAR] Are We Rome?: The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America [PAR] by Cullen Murphy [PAR] List Price: $24.00 [PAR] THE CAPITALS: Where Republic Meets Empire [PAR] The empire of the Romans in the West, its origins tracing back more than a thousand years, drew its last breath in 476 A.D., when a barbarian army led by a warrior named Odoacer, half Hun and half Scirian, defeated an imperial army"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blondie - 80s Songs and Albums - simplyeighties.com Blondie - 80s Songs and Albums - simplyeighties.com [PAR] Blondie T-shirts [PAR] Blondie in the 80s [PAR] Blondie were a firm favourite in our household back in the seventies and eighties, and I still have a stack of well-used vinyl - the band gained fame in the late 1970s. Featuring lead singer Deborah Harry, the American band was a pioneer in the early American punk rock and New Wave scene. Indeed, their first two albums were very much influenced by punk and new wave, and were more successful in the UK and Australia, than in America. [PAR] After the release of Parallel Lines in 1978, Blondie were no longer seen as an underground band in the US, and over the next few years, the band achieved many hit singles. [PAR] New musical styles such as disco, reggae and pop were incorporated into the band's releases, while still retaining some of the new wave/punk element. [PAR] After the release of their sixth studio album The Hunter. Blondie split in 1982, with Debbie Harry starting a moderately successful solo career, her biggest hit being I Want That Man. However, the band reformed in 1997 and acheived renewed chart success with the No.1 single Maria in the UK in 1999. [PAR] Deborah Harry has also released five solo albums, her biggest being Def, Dumb and Blonde in 1989. Harry changed her name from \"Debbie\" to \"Deborah\", although I'm not sure why - maybe she just wanted to sound a bit posh! [PAR] Visit the Debbie Harry page [PAR] DENIS (1978) [PAR] Denis was originally a hit for Randy & The Rainbows in 1963. Blondie's version reached No.2 in the UK in 1978, and was kept off the top spot by Kate Bush with Wuthering Heights. [PAR] \"PICTURE THIS\" (1978) [PAR] This was the first single to be lifted from Blondie's third album Parallel Lines and reached No.12 in the UK singles chart in 1978. The single was not released in the U.S. In the promotional video (see the playlist above) Debbie Harry is wearing a yellow dress designed by Stephen Sprouse. The fashion designer pioneered sixties-inspired, neon and graffiti print clothing that has a sophisticated style. [PAR] The B-side, Fade Away and Radiate was also included on Parallel Lines and featured Robert Fripp on guitar. [PAR] \"CALL ME\" (1980) [PAR] Reaching No.1 in 1980, Call Me was the main soundtrack to the movie American Gigolo. The song spent six weeks at the top in both the U.S. and Canada, and this was the fourth #1 single for the band in the UK. The song also featured on the British Telecom advert during 1980. [PAR] Electronic/disco music producer Giorgio Moroder originally asked Stevie Nicks from Fleetwood Mac to create the soundtrack, but she declined. [PAR] There have been literally dozens of cover versions of Call Me, the most notable ones being by The Dandy Warhols on their 2004 album Come On Feel The Dandy Warhols. Also, Tina Arena (remember her?) on the 2008 album Songs Of Love & Loss II (this was a unique swing version) and by Scottish band Franz Ferdinand on the War Child Charity Album after a request by Blondie themselves. [PAR] The only 80s cover version I know of is by the American band Until December, which featured on their self-titled studio album. The image is the single cover from the German version of Call Me. [PAR] \"ATOMIC\" (1980) [PAR] The driving bass-line in Atomic makes this my joint favourite Blondie track along with the previous single Call Me. It"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ... SparkNotes: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man [PAR] James Joyce [PAR] Themes, Motifs, and Symbols [PAR] Stephen Dedalus [PAR] Modeled after Joyce himself, Stephen is a sensitive, thoughtful boy who reappears in Joyce's later masterpiece, Ulysses. In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, though Stephen's large family runs into deepening financial difficulties, his parents manage to send him to prestigious schools and eventually to a university. As he grows up, Stephen grapples with his nationality, religion, family, and morality, and finally decides to reject all socially imposed bonds and instead live freely as an artist. [PAR] Stephen undergoes several crucial transformations over the course of the novel. The first, which occurs during his first years as Clongowes, is from a sheltered little boy to a bright student who understands social interactions and can begin to make sense of the world around him. The second, which occurs when Stephen sleeps with the Dublin prostitute, is from innocence to debauchery. The third, which occurs when Stephen hears Father Arnall's speech on death and hell, is from an unrepentant sinner to a devout Catholic. Finally, Stephen's greatest transformation is from near fanatical religiousness to a new devotion to art and beauty. This transition takes place in Chapter 4, when he is offered entry to the Jesuit order but refuses it in order to attend university. Stephen's refusal and his subsequent epiphany on the beach mark his transition from belief in God to belief in aesthetic beauty. This transformation continues through his college years. By the end of his time in college, Stephen has become a fully formed artist, and his diary entries reflect the independent individual he has become. [PAR] Simon Dedalus [PAR] Simon Dedalus spends a great deal of his time reliving past experiences, lost in his own sentimental nostalgia. Joyce often uses Simon to symbolize the bonds and burdens that Stephen's family and nationality place upon him as he grows up. Simon is a nostalgic, tragic figure: he has a deep pride in tradition, but he is unable to keep his own affairs in order. To Stephen, his father Simon represents the parts of family, nation, and tradition that hold him back, and against which he feels he must rebel. The closest look we get at Simon is on the visit to Cork with Stephen, during which Simon gets drunk and sentimentalizes about his past. Joyce paints a picture of a man who has ruined himself and, instead of facing his problems, drowns them in alcohol and nostalgia. [PAR] Emma Clery [PAR] Emma is Stephen's \"beloved,\" the young girl to whom he is intensely attracted over the course of many years. Stephen does not know Emma particularly well, and is generally too embarrassed or afraid to talk to her, but feels a powerful response stirring within him whenever he sees her. Stephen's first poem, \"To E\u2014 C\u2014,\" is written to Emma. She is a shadowy figure throughout the novel, and we know almost nothing about her even at the novel's end. For Stephen, Emma symbolizes one end of a spectrum of femininity. Stephen seems able to perceive only the extremes of this spectrum: for him, women are either pure, distant, and unapproachable, like Emma, or impure, sexual, and common, like the prostitutes he visits during his time at Belvedere. [PAR] Charles Stewart Parnell [PAR] Parnell is not fictional, and does not actually appear as a character in the"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Painted Desert | desert, Arizona, United States ... Painted Desert | desert, Arizona, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] Painted Desert [PAR] Atacama Desert [PAR] Painted Desert, section of the high plateau in north-central and northeast-central Arizona , U.S. The Painted Desert extends from the Grand Canyon in a southeasterly direction along the north side of the Little Colorado River to Holbrook. It is approximately 150 miles (240 km) long and 15 to 50 miles (25 to 80 km) wide and covers an area of some 7,500 square miles (19,400 square km). [PAR] Painted Desert, north-central Arizona. [PAR] Jon Sullivan [PAR] The name was first used in 1858 by a government explorer, Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives, to describe the area\u2019s brilliantly coloured shales, marls, and sandstones, which are banded with vivid red, yellow, blue, white, and lavender. At times the air glows with a pink mist or purple haze of desert dust. Elevations range from about 4,500 to 6,500 feet (1,370 to 1,980 metres). The rolling surface is broken by isolated buttes and is bounded on the north by vermilion cliffs, rising to broad, flat-topped mesas. Marks of volcanic activity are abundant and widely scattered. The region is barren and arid, with 5 to 9 inches (127 to 229 mm) of annual precipitation and yearly temperature extremes of \u221225 to 105 \u00b0F (\u221231 to 41 \u00b0C). [PAR] Painted Desert, Arizona, U.S. [PAR] David Muench/EB Inc. [PAR] Part of the southeastern section of the desert is within the northern portion of Petrified Forest National Park . Notable there is the Black Forest Bed, one of four remarkable areas of petrified trees of Triassic age (i.e., dating from about 252 million to 201 million years ago). The rocks in that formation are some 213 million years old. Navajo and Hopi reservations occupy a large part of the Painted Desert, and the Navajo use the variegated brightly coloured sands for their famous ceremonial sand paintings . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] North American Deserts - DesertUSA North American Deserts - DesertUSA [PAR] North America Deserts and World Deserts [PAR] Hot Deserts - Cold Deserts [PAR] In most modern classifications, the deserts of the United States and northern Mexico are grouped into four distinct categories. These distinctions are made on the basis of floristic composition and distribution -- the species of plants growing in a particular desert region. Plant communities, in turn, are determined by the geologic history of a region, the soil and mineral conditions, the elevation and the patterns of precipitation. [PAR] Three of these deserts -- the Chihuahuan, the Sonoran and the Mojave -- are called \"hot deserts,\" because of their high temperatures during the long summer and because the evolutionary affinities of their plant life are largely with the subtropical plant communities to the south. The Great Basin Desert is called a \"cold desert\" because it is generally cooler and its dominant plant life is not subtropical in origin. [PAR] Chihuahuan Desert : A small area of southeastern New Mexico and extreme western Texas, extending south into a vast area of Mexico. [PAR] Great Basin Desert : The northern three-quarters of Nevada, western and southern Utah, to the southern third of Idaho and the southeastern corner of Oregon. According to some, it also includes small portions of western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming. Bordered on the south by the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. [PAR] Mojave Desert : A portion of southern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah and of eastern California, north of the Sonoran Desert. [PAR] Sonoran Desert : An arid region covering approximately 100,000 square miles in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Picture of Dorian Gray: Plot Overview SparkNotes: The Picture of Dorian Gray: Plot Overview [PAR] The Picture of Dorian Gray [PAR] Oscar Wilde [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] In the stately London home of his aunt, Lady Brandon, the well-known artist Basil Hallward meets Dorian Gray. Dorian is a cultured, wealthy, and impossibly beautiful young man who immediately captures Basil\u2019s artistic imagination. Dorian sits for several portraits, and Basil often depicts him as an ancient Greek hero or a mythological figure. When the novel opens, the artist is completing his first portrait of Dorian as he truly is, but, as he admits to his friend Lord Henry Wotton, the painting disappoints him because it reveals too much of his feeling for his subject. Lord Henry, a famous wit who enjoys scandalizing his friends by celebrating youth, beauty, and the selfish pursuit of pleasure, disagrees, claiming that the portrait is Basil\u2019s masterpiece. Dorian arrives at the studio, and Basil reluctantly introduces him to Lord Henry, who he fears will have a damaging influence on the impressionable, young Dorian. [PAR] Basil\u2019s fears are well founded; before the end of their first conversation, Lord Henry upsets Dorian with a speech about the transient nature of beauty and youth. Worried that these, his most impressive characteristics, are fading day by day, Dorian curses his portrait, which he believes will one day remind him of the beauty he will have lost. In a fit of distress, he pledges his soul if only the painting could bear the burden of age and infamy, allowing him to stay forever young. After Dorian\u2019s outbursts, Lord Henry reaffirms his desire to own the portrait; however, Basil insists the portrait belongs to Dorian. [PAR] Over the next few weeks, Lord Henry\u2019s influence over Dorian grows stronger. The youth becomes a disciple of the \u201cnew Hedonism\u201d and proposes to live a life dedicated to the pursuit of pleasure. He falls in love with Sibyl Vane, a young actress who performs in a theater in London\u2019s slums. He adores her acting; she, in turn, refers to him as \u201cPrince Charming\u201d and refuses to heed the warnings of her brother, James Vane, that Dorian is no good for her. Overcome by her emotions for Dorian, Sibyl decides that she can no longer act, wondering how she can pretend to love on the stage now that she has experienced the real thing. Dorian, who loves Sibyl because of her ability to act, cruelly breaks his engagement with her. After doing so, he returns home to notice that his face in Basil\u2019s portrait of him has changed: it now sneers. Frightened that his wish for his likeness in the painting to bear the ill effects of his behavior has come true and that his sins will be recorded on the canvas, he resolves to make amends with Sibyl the next day. The following afternoon, however, Lord Henry brings news that Sibyl has killed herself. At Lord Henry\u2019s urging, Dorian decides to consider her death a sort of artistic triumph\u2014she personified tragedy\u2014and to put the matter behind him. Meanwhile, Dorian hides his portrait in a remote upper room of his house, where no one other than he can watch its transformation. [PAR] Lord Henry gives Dorian a book that describes the wicked exploits of a nineteenth-century Frenchman; it becomes Dorian\u2019s bible as he sinks ever deeper into a life of sin and corruption. He lives a life devoted to garnering new experiences and sensations with no regard for conventional standards of morality or the consequences of his actions. Eighteen years pass."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Painted Lady Butterflies - University of Michigan BioKIDS - Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species, Vanessa cardui: INFORMATION [PAR] Skip directly to main content . [PAR] Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species [PAR] Vanessa cardui [PAR] What do they look like? [PAR] Adults of Vanessa cardui are about 5.1 to 7.3 cm in length. The upper side of their wings are orange-brown. The front wings have a white bar, and the rear wings have a row of five tiny black dots. The underside of their wings have brown, black,and gray patterns with tiny spots. [PAR] Eggs of the Painted Lady appear to be pale green in color. Caterpillars are grayish brown and darker at the ends. They have a yellow stripe running down the back of their body, and spikes along the back and sides of their body. Pupae can be a variety of colors including a metallic green, brown, or bluish-white. ( \"Attributes of Vanessa cardui\", 2013 ; Brian, 1990 ; Pyle, 1981 ) [PAR] Other Physical Features [PAR] 2.52 in [PAR] Where do they live? [PAR] Painted ladies ( Vanessa cardui ) are one of the most widely distributed species of butterfly. They can be found on every continent in the world except Antarctica and Australia. The territory size of the Painted Lady is large enough to cover all of North America, south to Panama. They are also in Asia, Africa, and Europe. ( \"Attributes of Vanessa cardui\", 2013 ; Orsak, 1977 ; Painter, 2013 ) [PAR] Biogeographic Regions [PAR] native [PAR] What kind of habitat do they need? [PAR] Painted Ladies live in areas with wide open areas of plants such as fields and meadows. They can also be found in suburban, agricultural, swamp, bog, marsh, tundra, taiga, desert or dune, chaparral, forest, rainforest, scrub forest, and mountain habitats as well. These butterflies can adjust to living in pretty much any habitat. ( \"Attributes of Vanessa cardui\", 2013 ; Orsak, 1977 ; Painter, 2013 ) [PAR] These animals are found in the following types of habitat [PAR] riparian [PAR] How do they grow? [PAR] Painted Lady butterflies go through complete metamorphosis, and have the life stages of egg, larva (also known as caterpillars), pupa, and adult. Females lay eggs on a plant, which the caterpillars will eat once they hatch. The caterpillars also build tents out of silk on the plant. They shed their skin several time over the next few weeks before becoming pupae. As a pupa, the caterpillar forms a cocoon, and its body shape will completely change during this time. Once pupation is complete, it emerges as an adult butterfly. The time of development from egg to adult depends on where they are in the world. Those in warmer, tropical areas will develop in 33 to 44 days. In cooler climates, development can take more than 60 days. ( \"Attributes of Vanessa cardui\", 2013 ; Orsak, 1977 ; Stefanescu, et al., 2013 ) [PAR] Development - Life Cycle [PAR] metamorphosis [PAR] How do they reproduce? [PAR] Painted lady males have territories that they defend from other males. When a female crosses paths with a male, the male will then court the female in hopes that she will mate with him. Males will mate with multiple females during their lives. ( Painter, 2013 ; Saul, 1994 ) [PAR] Mating System [PAR] polygynous [PAR] Painted ladies will mate year round in warm climates, but do not mate during the winter in cooler places. Females will lay about 500 eggs, each egg singly laid on a plant that the caterpillar will eat when it hatches. Both male"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flying Foxes | About Bats Flying Foxes | About Bats [PAR] Flying Foxes [PAR] General Information [PAR] Flying-foxes (also called fruit bats) are members of a large group of mammals called BATS. There are microbats and megabats. Bats are the only group of mammals capable of sustained flight. [PAR] There are four recognized species of megabats on mainland Australia: The Little Red, Grey-headed, Black and Spectacled Flying-foxes. They have a very keen sense of smell and good eyesight, both of which are needed to locate their food during the night. Microbats use echolocation \u2013 a bit like hearing with pictures, they still use their eyes to see too. Flying foxes and microbats are protected native Australian species, it is illegal to cause them harm. Flying-foxes are usually found in coastal areas of melaleuca and casuarina swamps, mangroves, heath, dry and wet eucalypt forests, woodlands and rainforests. The little red flying fox can also be found further inland in arid and semi-arid areas. Flying-foxes all over Australia are increasingly on the move searching for new or existing food resources \u2013 their favorite foods, nectar and pollen from our native trees and plants. [PAR] Family life [PAR] Flying foxes only have one live young per year, which compared to other animals of their size, is a very low birth rate. The little red gives birth around April/May whilst the remaining three species give birth around October/November. The mothers carry their babies out each night to forage. The baby clings to the mothers underarm nipple with their mouths and hang onto her waist with their toes. They are carried by their mother for 4-5 weeks until too heavy to carry. The young is then left in the colony or the outlying trees of a colony and wait for their mother to return at dawn. They begin to fly at about 8-10 weeks and feed independently by about 12 weeks. [PAR] The bond between mother and baby is very strong, mothers who lose their babies to predators while off foraging will search the place they last saw their baby and continue calling for up to one week later. Females start breeding when they are about 15 months old. Males do not mature until around 3 years of age and they then form either paired or harem groups during the mating season. It is during this season that flying-foxes tend to be the noisiest due to the defending of territories. It is also during this time that the campsite appears to emit the strongest odor due to secretions from the male scent glands at his shoulders. He will rub this perfume on branches to mark his territory. The higher a male hangs in the tree and the smellier he is the more attractive he is to a mate. You need to think about this smell, it\u2019s musky and sometimes strong after rain but it is not as bad as the smell of stepping in dog poo! [PAR] Campsites [PAR] Campsites are very important to the survival of flying-foxes, as this is where they are born, grow, form relationships and learn to survive. Campsites may be permanently or temporarily occupied throughout the year depending on the season and availability of food. Flying-foxes only have one live young per year. The Little red gives birth around April/May whilst the remaining three species give birth around October/November. The size of the campsite may also vary during the year, increasing when there is a good food source around or when mothers arrive to give birth to their young. Numbers may also increase if there is little food"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Building Materials Used for the Construction of Taj Mahal ... Building Materials Used for the Construction of Taj Mahal Agra India [PAR] Travel to Agra : Taj Mahal : Architecture : Building Materials Used for the Construction of Taj Mahal [PAR] Building Materials Used for the Construction of Taj Mahal [PAR] In the construction of the Taj Mahal three types of stones have been used : (1) Semi-precious stones like Aqiq (agate), Yemeni, Firoza (turquoise), Lajwad (Lapis- lazuli); moonga (coral), Sulaimani (onyx), Lahsunia (cat's eye), Yasheb (jade) and Pitunia (blood stone). These were mainly used for inlaying work. (2) Rare and scarce stones such as Tilai (goldstone), Zahar-mohra, Ajuba, Abri, Khathu, Nakhod and Maknatis (magnet stone) were used for bold inlay and mosaic work chiefly on floors, exterior dados and turrets and (3) Common stones: sang-i-Gwaliari (grey and yellow sandstone) sang-i-Surkh (red sandstone), sang-i-moosa (black slate) and sang-i-Rukhan (sang-i-marmar; white marble) were used in foundations, masonry and for giving finishing touch to the external surfaces. Red stone was brought from the neighboring towns like Fatehpur Sikri, Karauli-Hindaun, Tantpur and Paharpur whereas white marble was brought from Makrana mines (Rajasthan). Semi precious and rare stones were occasionally brought from as distant places such as Upper Tibet, Kumaon, Jaisalmer, Cambay and Ceylon. [PAR] Other materials which were used for the construction of Taj Mahal included different kind of bricks, Gaj-i-Shirin (sweet limestone), Khaprel or tiles, Qulba or Spouts to lead off water, San, Gum, Sirish-i-Kahli or reed glue, Gul-i-Surkh or red clay, Simgil (silver clay) and glass. The center and skeleton of the main building is made up of extra strong brick masonary in which massive white marble slabs, have been used on the headers and stretchers system to give it a white marble outlook. Country ingredients such as molasses; batashe (sugar-bubbles), belgiri-water, urd-pulse, curd, jute and Kankar (pieces of fossilized soil) were mixed with lime mortar to make it an ideal cementing material. [PAR] The Mughals believed that the precious and semiprecious stones have different effects on the fortunes of different persons and places; they may be auspicious or inauspicious. This has exactly been calculated and strictly adhered to in the adornment of the Taj Mahal. It is primarily because of these reasons that we see predominance of one or the other stone on a particular feature of its architecture. A number of marks are engraved on red stone slabs, on the pathways, stairs, plinths and pavements of the Taj Mahal. Some of them are- Symbolic motifs Swastika, Cakra, \u00e2ako\u00b8a (Hexagon), Pa\u00b5cako\u00b8a (Pentagon), \u00e1a\u00b4kh (conch-shell), Animate motifs - fish, bi rd, Geometrical motifs - triangle, Square, rectangle, Floral motifs- leaves and petals of the flowers chiefly lotus. [PAR] Book India Tour[DOC] [TLE] The Taj Mahal - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com The Taj Mahal - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Taj Mahal: Shah Jahan\u2019s Romantic Gesture [PAR] Shah Jahan was a member of the Mughal dynasty that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid 18th-century. After the death of his father, King Jahangir, in 1627, Shah Jahan emerged the victor of a bitter power struggle with his brothers, and crowned himself emperor at Agra in 1628. At his side was Arjumand Banu Begum, better known as Mumtaz Mahal (\u201cChosen One of the Palace\u201d), whom he married in 1612 and cherished as the favorite of his three queens. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] According to one gruesome (and most likely sensational) story, Shah Jahan had his minions cut off the hands of the Taj Mahal's architect and his workers after the structure"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scottish Football Team Nicknames - Silkysteps early years ... Scottish Football Team Nicknames - Silkysteps early years forum - planning ideas for play [PAR] Scottish Football Team Nicknames [PAR] Here are Scotland's football team's nicknames... [PAR] Aberdeen \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Dons [PAR] Airdrie United \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Diamonds [PAR] Albion Rovers \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Rovers [PAR] Alloa \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Wasps [PAR] Arbroath \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Red Lichties [PAR] Ayr United \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Honest Men [PAR] Berwick Rangers \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Borderers/ The Wee Rangers [PAR] Brechin City \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The City [PAR] Celtic \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Bhoys/ The Hoops/ The Celts/ The Tic [PAR] Clyde \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Bully Wee [PAR] Cowdenbeath \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Blue Brazil [PAR] Dumbarton \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Sons [PAR] Dundee \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Dee/ The Dark Blues [PAR] Dundee United \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Terrors/ The Tangerines/ Arabs [PAR] Dunfermline Athletic \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Pars [PAR] East Fife \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Fifers [PAR] East Stirlingshire \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Shire [PAR] Elgin City \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The City [PAR] Falkirk \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Bairns [PAR] Forfar Athletic \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Loons [PAR] Gretna \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Black and Whites [PAR] Hamilton Academicals \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Accies [PAR] Heart of Midlothian \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Hearts/ Jam Tarts [PAR] Hibernian \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Hibs/ The Hibees [PAR] Inverness Caledonian Thistle \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Caley Thistle/ CaleyJags [PAR] Kilmarnock - Killies [PAR] Montrose \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Gable Ends [PAR] Morton \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Ton [PAR] Motherwell \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Well/ The Steelmen [PAR] Partick Thistle \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Jags [PAR] Peterhead \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Toons [PAR] Queen of the South \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Doonhamers [PAR] Queens Park \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Spiders [PAR] Raith Rovers \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Rovers [PAR] Rangers \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Gers/ Light Blues/ Teddy Bears [PAR] Ross County \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The County [PAR] St Johnstone \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Saints [PAR] St Mirren \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Saints/ The Buddies [PAR] Stenhousemuir \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Warriors [PAR] Stirling Albion \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Binos [PAR] Stranraer \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Blues[DOC] [TLE] Dundee United \u2013 TalkFootball Dundee United \u2013 TalkFootball [PAR] Contact Details [PAR] Dundee United is one of Scotland\u2019s most popular football clubs and the team enjoyed much success during their 1980s heyday. Team officials and players have always strived to maintain close links with their fan-base and a trust set up by Dundee United fans is currently the second-highest shareholder in the team. Note that Dundee United should not be mistaken for their city rivals, Dundee F.C. [PAR] Club History [PAR] Dundee United Football Club was formed in 1909 by Irish immigrants working in Dundee\u2019s industrial areas. The team, originally known as Dundee Hibernian, joined the Scottish Football League in 1910. Dundee Hibernian received a name change in 1923 \u2013 a group of Scottish businessmen who had taken over sponsorship of the team, renamed the club Dundee United. [PAR] Dundee United were eventually promoted to the first division of the Scottish Football league during the 1924-25 season. However, they were relegated back to Division Two after a mere two seasons. The team enjoyed modest success during the post-war years. They participated in the UEFA Cup and gained the honour of being the first Scottish football club ever to win in Spain. [PAR] However, it was their new coach, Jim McLean, who would once and for all alter the fortunes of Dundee United during the post-war years. McLean, who had previously coached Dundee United\u2019s city rivals, Dundee F.C., was responsible for taking the team to their first ever final of the Scottish Cup. [PAR] This was followed by a third place finish in the Scottish Premier Division in 1978 and 1979 \u2013 the highest ranking achieved by the team in their entire history. Dundee United went on to win the Scottish League Cup in 1879-80 and held on to it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The ozone layer , depletion and uv radiation - eco-action The ozone layer, depletion and uv radiation [PAR] on this page: ozone intro | uv radiation | Ozone depleting gases | ecological effects | uv radiation - definitions | phytoplankton . [PAR] A giant sunshade [PAR] The ozone layer acts like a giant sunshade, protecting plants and animals from much of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. [PAR] Ozone (O3) forms a layer in the stratosphere, 15-40 km above earth surface. If the ozone in the atmosphere from ground level to a height of 60 km could be assembled at the earth's surface, it would comprise a layer of gas only about 3 mm thick. [PAR] Source: Nasa; Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolett Instrument [PAR] Global stratospheric ozone levels have declined, which means that the ozone layer is changing. Stratospheric ozone has large natural temporal and spatial variations, up to 30 percent variation may be regarded as normal. However, we now have evidence of a significant thinning of the ozone layer during spring and summer. This is observed in both the northern and the southern hemispheres at middle and high latitudes. During the last 10-15 years, the ozone layer above the northern hemisphere has been reduced by 5-6 percent in spring per decade. The latest tests (January-March 1995) have shown very large reductions, with a maximum of more than 30 percent reduction compared to normal. [PAR] Increasing amounts of [PAR] UV [PAR] radiation will have an impact on plankton and other tiny organisms at the base of the marine food web. These organisms provide the original food source for all other living organisms in the oceans. Plankton- phytoplankton as well as zooplankton are highly sensitive to [PAR] UV [PAR] radiation, as they lack the protective [PAR] UV-B [PAR] -absorbing layers that higher forms of plants and animals have. (Phyto = plant. Zoo = animal). [PAR] More [PAR] UV-B [PAR] radiation reduces the amount of food phytoplankton create through photosynthesis. Zooplankton, feeding off the phytoplankton, are also affected. [PAR] UV-B [PAR] also damages small fish, shrimp and crab larvae. It has been estimated that on shallow coastal shelves, a 16 percent reduction of the ozone layer would kill more than 50 percent of e.g. anchovy larvae, and cause a 5 percent drop in plankton numbers and a 6-9 percent drop in fish yield. [PAR] Global warming [PAR] Ozone-layer depletion seems likely to increase the rate of greenhouse warming, by reducing the effectiveness of the carbon dioxide sink in the oceans. Phytoplankton in the oceans assimilates large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Increased [PAR] UV [PAR] radiation will reduce phytoplankton activity significantly. This means that large amounts of carbon dioxide will remain in the atmosphere. A 10 percent decrease in carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans would leave about the same amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as is produced by fossil fuel burning. [PAR] Impact on land plants. [PAR] A high increase in [PAR] UV [PAR] radiation may disrupt many ecosystems on land. Rice production may be drastically reduced by the effects of [PAR] UV-B [PAR] on the nitrogen assimilating activities of micro-organisms. With a diminishing ozone layer, it is likely that the supply of natural nitrogen to ecosystems, such as tropical rice paddies, will be significantly reduced. [PAR] Most plants (and trees) grow more slowly and become smaller and more stunted as adult plants when exposed to large amounts of [PAR] UV-B [PAR] Increased effects of air pollution [PAR] UV-B [PAR] stimulates the formation of reactive radicals - molecules that react rapidly with other chemicals, forming new substances. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NHL Award Winners: Patrick Kane wins Hart Trophy | SI.com NHL Award Winners: Patrick Kane wins Hart Trophy | SI.com [PAR] NHL award winners: Patrick Kane wins the Hart Trophy (Full results) [PAR] Share [PAR] SI Wire [PAR] Wednesday June 22nd, 2016 [PAR] Your teams. Your favorite writers. Wherever you want them. Personalize SI with our new App. Install on iOS or Android .\u200b [PAR] The biggest hockey stars gathered at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas for the 2016 NHL Awards on Wednesday night. [PAR] Patrick Kane took home the The Hart Trophy for the player voted most valuable to his team. Kane is coming off a season in which he set a career-best of 46 goals and 60 assists and led the league in scoring. He also won the Ted Lindsay Award, which is awarded to the most outstanding player as voted by fellow players. He won the award over Jamie Benn of the Dallas Stars and Braden Holtby of the Washington Capitals. [PAR] \u2022 MUIR: Picking the winners [PAR] Artemi Panarin of the Chicago Blackhawks won the Calder Trophy as the NHL's top rookie. [PAR] The Vezina Trophy for the League\u2019s top goaltender went to Holtby, who posted a 48-9-7 record this season. His coach Barry Trotz won the Jack Adams Award for the league\u2019s top coach for a season in which he led Washington to a 56-18-8 record and the Presidents\u2019 Trophy with 120 points. [PAR] Jim Rutherford of the Pittsburgh Penguins won the NHL General Manager of the Year award. The Penguins finished the season 48-26-8 before winning the Stanley Cup. [PAR] Florida Panthers forward Jaromir Jagr won the Masterton Trophy for perseverance and dedication to hockey. [PAR] The Norris Trophy for the league\u2019s top defenseman went to Drew Doughty of the Kings. [PAR] The William M. Jennings Trophy winners, for goaltenders having played a minimum of 25 games for the team with the fewest goals scored against them, are Frederik Andersen and John Gibson of the Anaheim Ducks. [PAR] \u2022 NHL Board of Governors votes to expand to Las Vegas [PAR] Mark Giordano of the Calgary Flames received the NHL Foundation Award for his charitable efforts. The King Clancy Memorial Trophy for leadership on and off the ice and community contribution was awarded to Vancouver Canucks captain Henrik Sedin, while Shea Weber of Nashville Predators received the Mark Messier NHL Leadership Award. [PAR] The Lady Byng Trophy, for the player best combining sportsmanship and ability, went to Los Angeles Kings star Anze Kopitar who also took home the Selke Award as the forward who best excels in the defensive aspects of the game. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britain & Ireland Britain & Ireland [PAR] Back to Homepage >> [PAR] County-landscape [PAR] . Richly dramatic scenery is to be found here in England's north country, from an open coast to a wild interior. Northumberland is England's northernmost county. Its border butts against the Scottish Lowlands, and the land can be empty and lonely, even bleak, much of it heathery heights and stony hills.. [PAR] . Against the northern barrier the land softens suddenly and gives way to the undulating Borders of Scotland. Although largely rural the open fields of the county here give a romantic, soft quality and there is a dramatic ending as you cross the high divide of the River Tweed at Berwick. [PAR] . it may be little populated and savage in its rural heart, yet the county possesses wonderful scenery such as the Cheviots, as well as little oases of sheltered beauty. Small fields and farms cluster round towns like Morpeth and the castled Alnwick. [PAR] . Along the jagged and stony shore castles finger the air and stand out against the sullen North Sea. This is the land the wild men from Scandinavia invaded, pouring in on their dreaded longships to plunder abbeys and towns, making the name of Viking feared through the land. Fishing ports and resorts are now found on the bays and wide sand beaches of the coast. [PAR] County-facts [PAR] Origin of name: Comes from the Anglo-Saxon meaning \"the place of those north of the Huimber\". [PAR] Name first recorded: 895 as Norohymbraland. [PAR] COUNTY TOWN [PAR] NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Situated in the centre of the once-great collieries which supplied London and elsewhere with its coal, Newcastle once also exported lead, salt, salmon, butter, and tallow. Today it has undergone a renaissance as its restaurants, clubs and nightspots (and thousands of bright young things partying) testify and is cited as one of the Top 10 fashionable European cities. [PAR] Other Towns [PAR] ALNWICK Once the county town, it sits on the little river Aine with a fine market square surrounded by piazzas. This is a good centre for exploring the north of the county. Nearby the ancient Alnwick Castle. [PAR] BERWICK ON TWEED: see Berwickshire [PAR] HALTWHISTLE Fine for seeing some of the best preserved parts of Hadrian's Wall. Nearby Housesteads has the finest stretch of the Roman wall for 72 miles between the Tyne and the Solway Firth built to keep back the barbarians from about AD 124. HEXHAM Beautifully set on the Tyne. The market square has an 18th-century colonnaded shelter. [PAR] NEWBIGGIN-BY-THE-SEA Has the world's oldest [PAR] surviving Methodist chapel dating back to the mid 18th- century. There is also a display of the history of local methodism which many miners here followed. [PAR] SEATON DELAVAL Delightful hall built in 1720 by architect Sir John Vanbrugh. The nearby little port of Seaton Sluice is also worth a visit. [PAR] TWEEDMOUTH Attached to Berwick by a 15-arched 17th-century bridge. Famous castle founded by King John, sacked by Scots King William in 1202. [PAR] TYNEMOUTH Pleasantly perched on the promontory between the North Sea and Tyne river, there are arresting Benedictine priory ruins here and a local maritime museum. [PAR] WALLSEND The last outpost of Hadrian's famous wall. There are excavations here amid the shipyards. [PAR] WHIT-LEY BAY Nearby to Newcastle this seaside resort has fine wide sands and amusements. [PAR] . Ashington . Blyth . Gosforth . North Shields . Prudhoe .Spittal [PAR] COUNTY RIVERS [PAR] in the Cheviots at 2,676 feet. [PAR] county-calendar [PAR] . Castles vie with each other for events in the county. Prudhoe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ann Darrow - King Kong Wiki - Wikia Ann Darrow | King Kong Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Ann Darrow was a fictional character from the 1933 movie King Kong and its 2005 remake , with whom the giant ape Kong falls in love. In the original film, Ann is played by Fay Wray ; in the 2005 remake, she is played by Naomi Watts ; in an unauthorized 1998 animated musical film, The Mighty Kong , she is voiced by Jodi Benson. The 1976 remake features an analogous character named \" Dwan \" (played by Jessica Lange ), in the Melbourne stage production in Australia, she is played by Esther Hannaford. The character of Ann Darrow never appears in any other films or television productions of King Kong, yet has been seen in the King Kong Comic books. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Ann Darrow is played by Naomi Watts in the 2005 film and has more detail. She was an actress, but lost that job when her studio went bankrupt in the Great Depression. Ann was apparently destitute, as she was shoplifting fruit and caught, but bailed out by Denham, who came to her rescue by paying for the fruit and telling her of his grand plans in film. She also declined Denham's invitation at first, but she then accepted the offer when she was told that Jack Driscoll was going along too. Jack also develops a crush on Ann and even kiss each other before arriving at Skull Island. Ann originally thought that the sound editor of Carl's film crew, Mike, was Jack. After seeing Mike die in front of her, Ann screams with horror. She was able to escape at first from the hostile natives at Skull Island, but was kidnapped from the boat and dragged to a sacrificial chamber in her bare feet and pajamas, where she is offered as a sacrifice to Kong by the natives. Kong takes her as Ann screams at the top of her lungs. She faints as Kong vanishes into the forest. Kong roars as Ann moans as she freaks out. Kong almost drops her as Ann shrieks and yells. She stabs Kong with her skull necklace as she falls onto the pile of skulls. She attempts to escape but Kong grabs her, causing her to shriek. Jack and Carl try to find her along with many other crewmembers. Ann is heard screaming. She woke up the next day, she saw Kong distracted by eating Bamboo sticks. she tried to escape but Kong stopped her. she was then treated like a Rag Doll because King Kong at first was either angry or curious about Ann, enjoyed her dancing and acting, and kept pushing her, making him happy and hooting. When Ann shown anger at him, he also got angry and Kong left her. At the time she escaped, she was unfortunate again because Vastosaurus Rexes wanted to eat her, and Kong saved her life. [PAR] Ann ambushed by the creatures of Skull Island [PAR] That night Jack comes to Kong's lair, and disturbs him from his slumber, then a swarm of flying Terapus mordax attacks them. Kong ends up battling the giant bats, the attack resulted in Ann losing her dressing gown for unknown reasons (but it most likely her shirt was torn off by one of the Terapus mordax, this forced Ann to continue the journey wearing her pink slip dress only), Kong puts Ann in safety while he battles the giant bats, As Kong fights the swarm of Terapus mordax, Ann and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billie Jean King Talks About Philadelphia Freedom ... Billie Jean King Talks About Philadelphia Freedom :EltonJohn.com [PAR] Billie Jean King Talks About Philadelphia Freedom [PAR] By the Editor@EltonJohn.com [PAR] Share [PAR] In February 1975, Elton released Philadelphia Freedom \u2013 a song that was not available on any album and would not be until its inclusion on Elton John\u2019s Greatest Hits Volume 2 in 1977. [PAR] The stand-alone single, his second in a row following Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds, entered the Billboard Hot 100 charts at #53 on March 8. Five weeks later it reached the #1 position, where it stayed for two weeks, and spent a total of five months on the chart overall. [PAR] Written on the label of the vinyl 45 RPM single were the words, \u201cwith Love to B.J.K. and the sound of Philadelphia.\u201d Fans who wanted to decipher the cryptic first part of this dedication would have to go back 17 months to when one of the world\u2019s most popular musicians first met one of its most successful tennis players. [PAR] In September, 1973, Elton was in the midst of a sold-out tour of the United States and was about to release what would be his most successful studio record ever, Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, which would become the third of a total of six consecutive US #1 albums (and second of three UK #1s) for the superstar. [PAR] Billie Jean King had been ranked the World Number 1 women\u2019s player five times over the past seven years and was just coming off her fifth Wimbledon singles championship during that same stretch. Perhaps most importantly, in two weeks\u2019 time she would alter the gender perception of professional tennis with her victory against Bobby Riggs in a highly-publicized \u201cBattle of the Sexes\u201d exhibition match. [PAR] Forty years to the week after Philadelphia Freedom held the top position on the Billboard chart, we spoke with Billie Jean King about the origin of their friendship, which remains as strong as ever and has resulted in the annual Smash Hits celebrity tennis fundraiser for the Elton John AIDS Foundation, and what is perhaps the only hit single inspired by a tennis icon. [PAR] EltonJohn.com: How did you and Elton meet? [PAR] Billie Jean King: [Promoter] Jerry Parencio threw a party two weeks before the King/Riggs match in September of \u201973 in LA. When I got to the party I said, \u201cJerry, it\u2019s great to see you\u2026what\u2019s this party for? Is it for you?\u201d And he said, \u201cOh no, it\u2019s for Elton John.\u201d I said, \u201cElton John?? He\u2019s my favorite! Are you kidding?\u201d And of course it brought back memories of when I first heard Your Song in 1971, I think. I was driving the hills of San Francisco, on Van Ness Street. I remember having to pull over to listen to it. I love anything with anybody playing keyboards. And of course on top of that he can sing unbelievably well. So I fell in love with Elton and Your Song and I had all his albums up to that time. [PAR] So we\u2019re at the party. Elton\u2019s across the room from me. He keeps looking at me\u2026I keep looking at him. And finally Tony King, who actually is still with him, comes over and says, \u201cThis is ridiculous. Elton\u2019s been dying to meet you all night but he\u2019s too shy.\u201d And I remember I looked at Tony and said, \u201cDitto.\u201d (I don\u2019t know why I used that word, maybe it was \u201cin\u201d at the time.) So Tony says, \u201cCome with me\u2026\u201d and I get up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Your next box set: King of the Hill | Television & radio ... Your next box set: King of the Hill | Television & radio | The Guardian [PAR] Your next box set [PAR] Your next box set: King of the Hill [PAR] Almost as close to a real-life sitcom as it is to its animated peers, King of the Hill is a tender, funny portrayal of middle America [PAR] Men who love lawnmowers . . . King of the Hill. Photograph: c.20thC.Fox/Everett / Rex Features [PAR] Friday 20 August 2010 01.45 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 20 August 2010 01.45 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] In the first ever scene of King of the Hill, Hank Hill and his friends stand around the front of Hank's broken-down Ford truck, drinking beer and lamenting the state of the US auto industry: \"Detroit hasn't felt any real pride since George Bush went to Japan and vomited on their auto executives.\" [PAR] Hill is a simple man, probably much closer to an American everyman than Homer Simpson. The best propane salesman in Arlen, Texas, Hank is such a straight-up red-stater that he forbids his son Bobby from writing a school project on President Josiah Bartlet from the West Wing \u2013 and makes him extol the virtues of Ronald Reagan instead. Yet Hank, the other Hills and their neighbours are no Republican hicks, whatever Hank's yuppie Laotian neighbours the Souphanousinphones reckon. They're just straight-up folk. [PAR] Whereas series creator Mike Judge's previous series, Beavis and Butt-Head, focused on two cartoon idiots, the Hills are more human. Everything from the direction to the dialogue was more realistic than the likes of The Simpsons and South Park. It could almost have been a Roseanne-like sitcom. And it had a star guest list to boot (including Ren\u00e9e Zellweger and Owen Wilson). [PAR] Much of the humour and affection lies in Hank's emotional repression. When asked to tell his son he loves him, his response is: \"I can't do that, you know how I was raised.\" But his son Bobby, an aspiring comedian, and Boggle-champ wife Peggy provide an emotional counterpoint, as does Peggy's naive niece, Luanne Platter, who moves in with the Hills to get away from her fighting parents. Luanne was, of course, voiced by Brittany Murphy, who died just a few months after the last ever episode aired. [PAR] Like other Fox shows in the US, KotH suffered death by 1,000 cuts: cancelled, revived, cancelled again. Not a proud way to go, but 12 years was an excellent run for a tender, funny portrayal of middle America \u2013 and men who love their lawnmowers almost as much as their families.[DOC] [TLE] Hank Hill | King of the Hill Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Hank Hill | King of the Hill Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Mike Judge [PAR] Henry 'Hank' Rutherford Hill is the main protagonist of King of the Hill . Hank, along with his family (wife Peggy , son Bobby , and niece Luanne ), has a central role in most story lines. Hank's voice is provided by series co-creator Mike Judge . The Economist briefly mentioned him as one of the wisest people on television. [PAR] Hank Hill, born April 19, stands 6'2\" (1.88 meters) in height and his weight has varied throughout the show from 190 lbs to 220 lbs. Among King of the Hill characters, Hank bears one of the more noticeable resemblances to Tom Anderson, a character on Mike Judge's previous animated series, Beavis and Butt-head. The similarities in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Outgoing Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King to get ... Outgoing Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King to get life peerage | Business | The Guardian [PAR] Mervyn King [PAR] Outgoing Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King to get life peerage [PAR] Sir Mervyn King will become Lord King when he steps down at the end of the month, Downing Street confirms [PAR] Sir Mervyn King at a service for the Order of the British Empire last year. Photograph: Luke Macgregor/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Mervyn King [PAR] Outgoing Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King to get life peerage [PAR] Sir Mervyn King will become Lord King when he steps down at the end of the month, Downing Street confirms [PAR] Thursday 20 June 2013 05.48 EDT [PAR] First published on Thursday 20 June 2013 05.48 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 3 years old [PAR] The outgoing Bank of England governor will be given a life peerage when he steps down at the end of the month, Downing Street has confirmed. [PAR] Sir Mervyn King will retire from Threadneedle Street on 30 June after a decade at the helm, and will become a member of the House of Lords after his nomination by the prime minister for his \"significant public service\". [PAR] King joined the Bank as a non-executive director in 1990 during Margaret Thatcher's premiership, and subsequently served as executive director, chief economist, and deputy governor before taking on the top job in 2003. [PAR] Speaking at the annual Mansion House dinner on Wednesday, the chancellor, George Osborne, said King had \"helped to lead our country through an extraordinary period of its economic history\". [PAR] \"More than that, you have been the original thinker who has taken Britain on the journey that began with inflation targeting, to monetary independence, and now to the far-reaching reforms to prudential regulation and financial oversight,\" he added. [PAR] \"I can think of few people who have done more to shape our public discourse in the last 30 years.\" [PAR] Addressing guests at the dinner, King described his tenure as governor as a game of two halves, referring to the relative economic stability and growth preceding the financial crisis which took hold in 2008. [PAR] The Aston Villa fan added: \"I am truly honoured to have the opportunity to continue my public service in the Lords. Chancellor, I know you will be comforted and relieved that I consider the role of members of the House of Lords to be, as Keynes put it, ruthless truth-telling.\" [PAR] King will be succeeded as governor by Mark Carney, the former governor of the Bank of Canada and chairman of the G20 financial stability board.[DOC] [TLE] Mervyn King - ITV News Mervyn King - ITV News [PAR] Mervyn King [PAR] Tyrie calls for Chancellor to look at bank lobbying claims [PAR] The chairman of the Treasury Select Committee, Andrew Tyrie, has asked the Chancellor to respond to allegations that banks attempted to influence the body charged with regulating them. [PAR] Citing today's briefing by the outgoing Bank of England governor, Mr Tyrie said that \"pressure had been brought to bear on the PRA, as a result of calls by the banks to Number 10 and Number 11\". [PAR] \"The Governor said that this should not happen,\" he said, adding that it is \"essential that the Chancellor look into this and gives us reassurance\". [PAR] The outgoing Governor of the Bank of England, Sir Mervyn King, has told ITV News that no major change is needed to the Bank's inflation remit when he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jason King (TV Series 1971\u20131972) - IMDb Jason King (TV Series 1971\u20131972) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] This spin-off from the earlier \"Department S\" continued the adventures of hedonistic, womanizing dandy Jason King. After leaving Department S, Jason settled down to a full-time career of ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Jason's temporary secretary in Germany convinces him to go to a health clinic. However, when several strange events occur he realises that there is much more to the clinic than it appears. [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] Jason is abducted in order to help the Moscow police work out how three men on a workers' delegation,got into a lift and then,when the doors opened again,there was nothing left of them but three ... [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] Jason gets off a plane in Switzerland and is mistaken for the hitman taken ill on the plane as he has picked up the bunch of red roses which will allow the killer's employers to identify him. He ... [PAR] 7.9 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 84 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 990 titles [PAR] created 27 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Jason King \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Jason King (1971\u20131972) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] An elite department within Interpol, Department S inherited those cases which the other member groups had failed to solve. The brains of the group was Jason King, a hedonistic maverick who ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Peter Wyngarde, Joel Fabiani, Rosemary Nicols [PAR] The Baron (TV Series 1966) [PAR] Crime | Drama [PAR] Stories of an antique dealer who is really an undercover agent. [PAR] Stars: Steve Forrest, Sue Lloyd, Paul Ferris [PAR] A quirky spy show of the adventures of an eccentricly suave British agent and his predominately female partners. [PAR] Stars: Patrick Macnee, Diana Rigg, Honor Blackman [PAR] Jeff Randall and Marty Hopkirk are private detectives who specialize in divorce cases. Their long-running partnership seems to come to an abrupt end when Marty is killed by a hit-and-run, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope, Annette Andre [PAR] John Steed and his new accomplices Purdey and Gambit find themselves facing new and deadly dangers in the bizarre world of espionage. Mixing fantasy with a darker edge, the trio face ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Patrick Macnee, Gareth Hunt, Joanna Lumley [PAR] Simon Templar, a wealthy adventurer known as The Saint, travels around the world in his white Volvo P1800S. [PAR] Stars: Roger Moore, Ivor Dean, Leslie Crawford [PAR] The Protectors were Harry Rule, the Contessa di Contini and Paul Buchet, three freelance troubleshooters who ran an international crime fighting agency. Based in London, Harry was the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Robert Vaughn, Nyree Dawn Porter, Tony Anholt [PAR] McGill (known as \"Mac\") was a former U.S. intelligence agent based in London. After being thrown out of the agency for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. King's Assassination - University System of Georgia Dr. King's Assassination [PAR] Home \u00bb Events \u00bb Dr. King's Assassination [PAR] Dr. King's Assassination [PAR] Background: [PAR] On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated by a sniper's bullet while standing on the second-floor balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. As news of King's death spread, violent riots broke out in African American neighborhoods in over one hundred cities across the United States. King, who was the nation's foremost civil rights leader, had returned to Memphis to lead a nonviolent march in support of the city's striking sanitation workers. On April 8, King's widow, Coretta Scott King, and the couple's four small children led a crowd estimated at forty thousand in a silent march through the streets of Memphis to honor the fallen leader and support the cause of the city's black sanitation workers. The next day, funerary rites for King were held in his hometown, Atlanta, Georgia. Following a nationally televised broadcast of his funeral service at Ebenezer Baptist Church, King's body was led three-and-a-half miles through the city's streets, with more than one hundred thousand mourners in tow, to Morehouse College where a second funeral service was performed. King's assassin, James Earl Ray, was apprehended by authorities in London, England after a two-month international manhunt. Upon his extradition to Tennessee, Ray pleaded guilty to the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr. and was given a ninety-nine year jail sentence."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Last King of Scotland (2006) - IMDb The Last King of Scotland (2006) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Last King of Scotland ( 2006 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] Based on the events of the brutal Ugandan dictator Idi Amin's regime as seen by his personal physician during the 1970's. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 14 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 10 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 14 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: The Last King of Scotland (2006) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 47 wins & 30 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X [PAR] The story of the life and career of the legendary rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles , from his humble beginnings in the South, where he went blind at age seven, to his meteoric rise to stardom during the 1950s and 1960s. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] Filmmaker Davis Guggenheim follows Al Gore on the lecture circuit, as the former presidential candidate campaigns to raise public awareness of the dangers of global warming and calls for immediate action to curb its destructive effects on the environment. [PAR] Director: Davis Guggenheim [PAR] A politically charged epic about the state of the oil industry in the hands of those personally involved and affected by it. [PAR] Director: Stephen Gaghan [PAR] A widower is determined to get to the bottom of a potentially explosive secret involving his wife's murder, big business, and corporate corruption. [PAR] Director: Fernando Meirelles [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.4/10 X [PAR] In 1959, Truman Capote learns of the murder of a Kansas family and decides to write a book about the case. While researching for his novel In Cold Blood, Capote forms a relationship with one of the killers, Perry Smith, who is on death row. [PAR] Director: Bennett Miller [PAR] A look at tightrope walker Philippe Petit's daring, but illegal, high-wire routine performed between New York City's World Trade Center's twin towers in 1974, what some consider, \"the artistic crime of the century.\" [PAR] Director: James Marsh [PAR] The story of Harvey Milk , and his struggles as an American gay activist who fought for gay rights and became California's first openly gay elected official. [PAR] Director: Gus Van Sant [PAR] Alex Gibney exposes the haunting details of the USA's torture and interrogation practices during the War in Afghanistan. [PAR] Director: Alex Gibney [PAR] In the Antarctic, every March since the beginning of time, the quest begins to find the perfect mate and start a family. [PAR] Director: Luc Jacquet [PAR] After the death of Princess Diana , Queen Elizabeth II struggles with her reaction to a sequence of events nobody could have predicted. [PAR] Director: Stephen Frears [PAR] Two documentary filmmakers chronicle their time in Sonagchi, Calcutta"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Louie - Disney Wiki - Wikia King Louie | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015King Louie to Mowgli in \" I Wanna Be Like You \" [PAR] King Louie is a supporting character from the 1967 Disney animated feature film, The Jungle Book . [PAR] He sings the song \" I Wanna Be Like You \" after he kidnaps Mowgli and asks the boy to show him the secret of \"man's red flower\" (the animal term for fire), so he and his followers can be like men. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] King Louie is a rowdy orangutan who was crowned King of the Apes. Unlike most characters in the film, Louie was created solely by the Walt Disney Company , and there was no ape king in the original novel by Rudyard Kipling , on which the film was based. The original story for Louie started out quite differently, but he was eventually given the voice and personality of the late and famed jazz trumpeter and vocalist Louis Prima . Milt Kahl , Frank Thomas and John Lounsbery animated the character. [PAR] Around 2001 , Louis Prima's widow sued the Walt Disney Company over the unauthorized use of her late husband's voice and public personal in past Jungle Book spin-off projects, as Jim Cummings 's imitations of Prima featured in them were near perfect. [1] In later years, Disney would continue to use Louie in theme park entities and other promotional material but refrained from having the character speak to avoid trouble with Mrs. Prima. [PAR] However, by 2010 , these files were apparently lifted, allowing Disney to once again have full use of the character, as evidenced by 2012 's debut of the live show Wishes , aboard the Disney Fantasy cruise ship, marking Louie's first speaking role (with newly recorded dialogue) since the 2000 video game The Jungle Book Groove Party . [PAR] Personality [PAR] As King of the Apes, Louie enjoys a lavished life in his palace among the ancient ruins of India, apparently living by his own law and order. Waited on by his monkey minions, Louie enjoys jazzy music, fun-filled parties, and a seemingly endless supply of bananas and other fruits. With a laid-back, fun-loving nature, similar to that of Baloo , Louie appears as a generally jovial member of the jungle, though his scheme to learn the ways of \"man's red flower\" is seen as scandalous; Bagheera referring to the ape as a scoundrel upon learning the motives behind his hopes of becoming a human. [PAR] Alternatively, it's possible that Louie simply desires more power; as while he claims to merely want to be a human, he expresses a very specific interest. Namely in \"Man's Red Flower\" - fire, is frequently alluded upon in the story as being something all animals fear. Louie takes advantage of Mowgli's naivety to attempt to convince him to learn how to make fire; should Louie get this knowledge, he could quite easily hold the entire jungle hostage and rule over it through fear, making sense of Bagheera's disgust over the matter. This theory is supported by Louie's verses during his musical number: \"I've reached the top and had to stop, and that's what's bothering me!\"; this indicates that his desire to be human stems from wanting more out of life, after having reached the highest point of success in the jungle\u2014becoming king of the apes. [PAR] Nevertheless, Louie seems too lighthearted to cause any legitimate harm. After kidnapping Mowgli, both the man-cub and the King of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muse - Ancient History Encyclopedia Muse - Ancient History Encyclopedia [PAR] Muse [PAR] by Mark Cartwright [PAR] published on 14 December 2012 [PAR] In Greek mythology , the nine Muses are goddesses of the various arts such as music, dance, and poetry and are blessed not only with wonderful artistic talents themselves but also with great beauty, grace, and allure. Their gifts of song, dance, and joy helped the gods and mankind to forget their troubles and inspired musicians and writers to reach ever greater artistic and intellectual heights. [PAR] The Muses are the daughters of Zeus and the Titan Mnemosyne (Memory) after the couple slept together for nine consecutive nights. They are: [PAR] Calliope, traditionally the most important (beautiful-voiced and representing epic poetry and also rhetoric), [PAR] Clio (glorifying and representing history), [PAR] Erato (lovely and representing singing), [PAR] Euterpe (well-delighting and representing lyric poetry), [PAR] Melpomene (singing and representing tragedy), [PAR] Polymnia (many hymning and representing hymns to the gods and heroes), [PAR] Terpsichore or Stesichore (delighting in dance), [PAR] Thalia (blooming and representing comedy), [PAR] Urania (heavenly and representing astronomy). [PAR] Certain objects also became associated with the Muses and help to identify their particular talents. Calliope often holds a writing tablet and stylus, Clio has a scroll, Euterpe a double aulos (or flute), and Thalia a theatre mask. [PAR] The Muses were believed to live on Mt. Olympus where they entertained their father and the other Olympian gods with their great artistry, but later tradition also placed them on Mt. Helicon in Boeotia where there was a major cult centre to the goddesses, or on Mt. Parnassus where the Castalian spring was a favourite destination for poets and artists. On Mount Olympus, Apollo Mousagetes was, in a certain sense, the choir leader of the Muses, although his attachment was not limited to music, as he fathered many children with his musical group. Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry, was the mother of Orpheus , the wonderfully gifted lyre player whose father was said by some to be Apollo himself. [PAR] Although bringers of festivity and joy, the Muses were not to be trifled with when it came to the superiority of their artistic talents. [PAR] Although bringers of festivity and joy, the Muses were not to be trifled with when it came to the superiority of their artistic talents. The nine daughters of Pierus foolishly tried to compete musically with the Muses on Mt. Helicon and were all turned into birds for their impertinence. The Thracian musician Thamyres (son of the Nymph Agriope) was another who challenged the Muses in music and after inevitably coming second best to the goddesses was punished with blindness, the loss of his musical talent, and his singing voice. This myth was also the subject of a tragedy by Sophocles . The Muses also acted as judges in another musical competition, this time between Apollo on his kithara and the satyr Marsyas , who played the aulos given to him by Athena . Naturally, Apollo won and Marsyas was flayed alive for his troubles. [PAR] Remove Ads [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Hesiod in his Theogony claimed that he spoke with the Muses on Mt. Helicon, and they gave him a luxuriant laurel branch and breathed into him their divine voice so that he could proclaim the glory of the gods and their descendants. Thus, the simple shepherd was transformed into one of the most important poets in history. Hesiod also states that the Muses were created as an aid to forgetfulness and relief from troubles, perhaps as a balance to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts about the Bible - MinisterBook Facts about the Bible [PAR] Facts about the Bible [PAR] Facts about the Bible [PAR] Facts about the Bible [PAR] The following list is not designed to discuss doctrine, or provide in-depth teaching. It is merely a resource center for factual information on the Bible. Many of these questions have been addressed in various locations throughout our website; however, as many people do not have the time to comb through the entire website to find the answers they are looking for, we have compiled the following list. [PAR] How many books are in the Bible? [PAR] The Bible contains 66 books, divided among the Old and New Testaments. [PAR] How many books are in the Old Testament? [PAR] There are 39 books in the Old Testament. [PAR] How many books are in the New Testament? [PAR] There are 27 books in the New Testament. [PAR] What does \"testament\" mean? [PAR] Testament means \"covenant\" or \"contract.\" [PAR] Who wrote the Bible? [PAR] The Bible was written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit by over 40 different authors from all walks of life: shepherds, farmers, tent-makers, physicians, fishermen, priests, philosophers and kings. Despite these differences in occupation and the span of years it took to write it, the Bible is an extremely cohesive and unified book. [PAR] Which single author contributed the most books to the Old Testament? [PAR] Moses. He wrote the first five books of the Bible, referred to as the Pentateuch; the foundation of the Bible. [PAR] Which single author contributed the most books to the New Testament? [PAR] The Apostle Paul, who wrote 14 books (over half) of the New Testament. [PAR] When was the Bible written? [PAR] It was written over a period of some 1,500 years, from around 1450 B.C. (the time of Moses) to about 100 A.D. (following the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ). [PAR] What is the oldest book in the Old Testament? [PAR] Many scholars agree that Job is the oldest book in the Bible, written by an unknown Israelite about 1500 B.C. Others hold that the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) are the oldest books in the Bible, written between 1446 and 1406 B.C. [PAR] What is the youngest book in the Old Testament? [PAR] The book of Malachi, written about 400 B.C. [PAR] What is the oldest book of the New Testament? [PAR] Probably the book of James, written as early as A.D. 45. [PAR] What is the youngest book in the New Testament? [PAR] The Book of Revelation is the youngest book of the New Testament, written about 95 A.D. [PAR] What languages was the Bible written in? [PAR] The Bible was written in three languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. [PAR] When was the Bible canonized? [PAR] The entire New Testament as we know it today, was canonized before the year 375 A.D. The Old Testament had previously been canonized long before the advent of Christ. [PAR] What does \"canon\" mean? [PAR] \"Canon\" is derived front the Greek word \"Kanon,\" signifying a measuring rod. Thus, to have the Bible \"canonized\" meant that it had been measured by the standard or test of divine inspiration and authority. It became the collection of books or writings accepted by the apostles and leadership of the early Christian church as a basis for Christian belief. It is the standard by which all Christians throughout the ages live and worship. [PAR] When was the first translation of the Bible made into English? [PAR] 1382 A.D., by John Wycliffe. [PAR] When was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the chemical formula for gold? | Reference.com What is the chemical formula for gold? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the chemical formula for gold? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The chemical formula for gold is Au, which is its periodic table symbol. The symbol comes from the Latin word for gold, \"aurum.\" [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Gold is a highly valued metal that has been known about for roughly 5,500 years. It can sometimes be found on its own, but it is more often found mixed with silver, quartz, lead, zinc and copper. There is also approximately 1 milligram of gold dissolved in every ton of seawater, but it would cost more to extract it than the gold is worth. Gold is valuable because it is malleable, a good conductor of heat and electricity and does not tarnish when exposed to air. Plus, it sparkles which pleases jewelry lovers.[DOC] [TLE] What is the chemical formula of gold? | Socratic What is the chemical formula of gold? | Socratic [PAR] What is the chemical formula of gold? [PAR] Start with a one sentence answer [PAR] Then teach the underlying concepts [PAR] Don't copy without citing sources [PAR] Write a one sentence answer... [PAR] Answer: [PAR] I want someone to double check my answer [PAR] Describe your changes (optional) 200 [PAR] Cancel [PAR] Joel W. and 2 others Share [PAR] Jun 29, 2014 [PAR] The chemical formula of all metals is just the periodic table symbol. The chemical formula of gold is Au, its chemical (PT) symbol. [PAR] Was this helpful? Let the contributor know! [PAR] Yes [PAR] Start with a one sentence answer [PAR] Then teach the underlying concepts [PAR] Don't copy without citing sources [PAR] Write a one sentence answer... [PAR] Answer: [PAR] I want someone to double check my answer [PAR] Cancel [PAR] 2 minutes ago [PAR] Related questions [PAR] What were most U.S. Midwestern cities established near? [PAR] U.S [PAR] How does the heart of a fish differ from that of other vertebrates? [PAR] Ana [PAR] Is \"thought\" a countable or an uncountable noun? Or it can be used as both depending on the ... [PAR] Eng [PAR] A central air conditioner uses 4.5 kilowatts. It runs for 10 hours over the course of a day. How ... [PAR] Env"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Fast Does Light Travel? | The Speed of Light How Fast Does Light Travel? | The Speed of Light [PAR] How Fast Does Light Travel? | The Speed of Light [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] May 22, 2012 08:37pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Einstein's theory of special relativity sets of the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second (300 million meters per second). But some scientists are exploring the possibility that this cosmic speed limit changes. [PAR] Credit: Iscatel | Shutterstock [PAR] The speed of light in a vacuum is 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers per second), and in theory nothing can travel faster than light. In miles per hour, light speed is, well, a lot: about 670,616,629 mph. If you could travel at the speed of light, you could go around the Earth 7.5 times in one second. [PAR] Early scientists, unable to perceive light\u2019s motion, thought it must travel instantaneously. Over time, however, measurements of the motion of these wave-like particles became more and more precise. Thanks to the work of Albert Einstein and others, we now understand light speed to be a theoretical limit: light speed \u2014 a constant called \"c\" \u2014 is thought to be not acheivable by anything with mass, for reasons explained below. That doesn\u2019t stop sci-fi writers, and even some very serious scientists, from imagining alternative theories that would allow for some awfully fast trips around the universe. [PAR] Speed of light: History of the theory [PAR] The first known discourse on the speed of light comes from the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who penned his disagreement with another Greek scientist, Empedocles. Empedocles argued that because light moved, it must take time to travel. Aristotle, believing light to travel instantaneously, disagreed. [PAR] In 1667, the Italian astronomer Galileo stood two people on a hill at a distance of less than a mile, each holding a shielded lantern. One uncovered his lantern; when the second saw the flash, he uncovered his, as well. By observing how long it took for the light to be seen by the first lantern-holder (and factoring out reaction times), he thought he could calculate the speed of light. Unfortunately, Galileo's distances were too small to see a difference, so he could only determine that light traveled at least ten times faster than sound. [PAR] In the 1670s, Danish astronomer Ole R\u00f6mer used eclipses of Jupiter 's moon, Io, as a chronometer for the speed of light. Over the course of several months, as Io passed behind the giant gas planet, R\u00f6mer found that the eclipses came later than calculations anticipated, although over the course of several months, they drew closer to the predictions. He determined that light took time to travel from Io to Earth. The eclipses lagged the most when Jupiter and Earth were farthest apart, and were on schedule as they were closer. He concluded that light took ten to eleven minutes to travel from the sun to Earth, an overestimate since it in fact takes 8 minutes and 19 seconds. But at last scientists had a number to work with \u2014 his calculation presented a speed of 125,000 miles per second (200,000 km/s). [PAR] In 1728, English physicist James Bradley based his calculations on the change in the apparent position of the stars due Earth's travels around the sun. He put the speed of light at 185,000 miles per second (301,000 km/s), accurate to within about 1 percent. [PAR] Two attempts in the mid-1800s brought the problem back to Earth. French physicist Hippolyte Fizeau set a beam of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Clarke's 'Asimov's Laws of Robotics' Third Law: [PAR] A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. [PAR] The laws quickly attracted - and have since retained - the attention of readers and other science fiction writers. Only two years later, another established writer, Lester Del Rey, referred to \"the mandatory form that would force built-in unquestioning obedience from the robot\".6 [PAR] As Asimov later wrote (with his characteristic clarity and lack of modesty), \"Many writers of robot stories, without actually quoting the three laws, take them for granted, and expect the readers to do the same\". [PAR] Asimov's fiction even influenced the origins of robotic engineering. \"Engelberger, who built the first industrial robot, called Unimate, in 1958, attributes his long-standing fascination with robots to his reading of [Asimov's] 'I, Robot' when he was a teenager\", and Engelberger later invited Asimov to write the foreword to his robotics manual. [PAR] The laws are simple and straightforward, and they embrace \"the essential guiding principles of a good many of the world's ethical systems\"7. They also appear to ensure the continued dominion of humans over robots, and to preclude the use of robots for evil purposes. In practice, however - meaning in Asimov's numerous and highly imaginative stories - a variety of difficulties arise. [PAR] My purpose here is to determine whether or not Asimov's fiction vindicates the laws he expounded. Does he successfully demonstrate that robotic technology can be applied in a responsible manner to potentially powerful, semi-autonomous and, in some sense intelligent machines? To reach a conclusion, we must examine many issues emerging from Asimov's fiction. [PAR] History [PAR] The robot notion derives from two strands of thought, humanoids and automata. The notion of a humanoid (or human- like nonhuman) dates back to Pandora in The Iliad, 2,500 years ago and even further. Egyptian, Babylonian, and ultimately Sumerian legends fully 5,000 years old reflect the widespread image of the creation, with god- men breathing life into clay models. One variation on the theme is the idea of the golem, associated with the Prague ghetto of the sixteenth century. This clay model, when breathed into life, became a useful but destructive ally. [PAR] The golem was an important precursor to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus (1818). This story combined the notion of the humanoid with the dangers of science (as suggested by the myth of Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods to give it to mortals). In addition to establishing a literary tradition and the genre of horror stories, Frankenstein also imbued humanoids with an aura of ill fate. [PAR] Automata, the second strand of thought, are literally \"self- moving things\" and have long interested mankind. Early models depended on levers and wheels, or on hydraulics. Clockwork technology enabled significant advances after the thirteenth century, and later steam and electro- mechanics were also applied. The primary purpose of automata was entertainment rather than employment as useful artifacts. Although many patterns were used, the human form always excited the greatest fascination. During the twentieth century, several new technologies moved automata into the utilitarian realm. Geduld and Gottesman8 and Frude2 review the chronology of clay model, water clock, golem, homunculus, android, and cyborg that culminated in the contemporary concept of the robot. [PAR] The term robot derives from the Czech word robota, meaning forced work or compulsory service, or robotnik, meaning serf. It was first used by the Czech playwright Karel \u00c7apek in 1918 in a short story and again in his 1921 play R. U."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britain and Ireland's top 10 mountain ranges, Great ... Britain and Ireland's top 10 mountain ranges, Great British Trips [PAR] You are here > Home > Top 10 > Top 10 Mountains [PAR] Britain and Ireland's top 10 Mountain Ranges [PAR] When many people think of the geography of Great Britain, it's likely that they picture the gentle green rolling hills of the English Cotswolds or our mostly flat urban cities such as London. In actual fact, in between the busy towns and cities lie some pretty spectacular hills and a fair few mountainous regions too. We have put together our 10 top mountain regions in Britain and Ireland. [PAR] 1. Cairngorms [PAR] Scotland [PAR] We\u2019ve put the Cairngorms National Park in the number 1 spot as it\u2019s Britain\u2019s most massive and spectacular Mountain range. Boasting incredible native forests, dramatic crystal clean rivers and lochs, plenty of wild Scottish moorland, these beautiful mountains sit in the centre of Scotland and boast some of Britain\u2019s best views. It is also the largest National Park in the UK incorporates many beautiful towns and villages. The local wildlife is extensive and the region plays host to 25% of Britain\u2019s threatened species making it a great place to see wildlife that you\u2019re unlikely to spot anywhere else. [PAR] 2. Mourne Mountains [PAR] Northern Ireland [PAR] The Mourne Mountains are a granite range which form the highest peaks in Northern Ireland. The highest of these is Slieve Donard at 850m. The area has been designated an area of outstanding natural beauty and is very popular with hill walkers and nature lovers. The mountains were said to have inspired CS Lewis in the writing of the \u2018Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe\u2019 with much of Narnia based on this mysterious mountain range. The area was most recently used as the backdrop for critically acclaimed movie \u2018Philomena\u2019 starring Dame Judi Dench. [PAR] 3. Black Mountains [PAR] Wales [PAR] Based on the Eastern side of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Black Mountain\u2019s take their name from unsurprisingly from the colour of the landscape in the region. Sitting on the border between Wales and Herefordshire in England, the mountains are often confused with the Black Mountain Range which sits on the Westerly side of the Brecon Beacons. To confuse things even more there is a mountain within the range called the Black Mountain! [PAR] 4. MacGillycuddy's Reeks [PAR] Ireland [PAR] MacGillycuddy's Reeks means \u2018the black stacks\u2019 and sits in County Kerry, Ireland. The centre of Ireland is pretty much surrounded with mountain ranges but this range contains the highest peaks in Ireland. The highest mountain is Carrauntoohil which is 1038m high. The range is close to the very pretty Killarney National Park. [PAR] 5. Grampian Mountains [PAR] Scotland [PAR] The Grampians occupy a fair proportion of Scotland as one of the 3 major mountain ranges in the country. It is in the region traditionally called the Scottish \u2018highlands\u2019 and home to Britain\u2019s 2 highest peaks in that of Ben Nevis and Ben Macdui. Widely regarded as Britain\u2019s most spectacular view, Glen Coe sits within the range close to Ben Nevis and the town of Fort William. The Jacobite Steam Railway is an incredible way to see the range as the \u2018Hogwarts Express\u2019 powers along the now famous viaduct with the Grampians forming a majestic backdrop to a magical and unforgettable journey. [PAR] 6. Berwyn Range [PAR] Wales [PAR] Sitting just east of the Snowdonia National Park, this Welsh range of mountain\u2019s is largely forgotten and overlooked as the peaks sit slightly lower than its famous neighbour."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical Elements.com - Silver (Ag) Chemical Elements.com - Silver (Ag) [PAR] Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Silver. [PAR] <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ag.html>. [PAR] For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . [PAR] This page was created by Yinon Bentor. [PAR] Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Silver\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Silver\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] CAS Registry ID : 7440-22-4 [PAR] Silver: historical information [PAR] Silver was discovered by Known since ancient times in unknown at not known. Origin of name : from the Anglo-Saxon word \"siolfur\" meaning \"silver\" (the origin of the symbol Ag comes from the Latin word \"argentum\" meaning \"silver\"). [PAR] Silver has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in Genesis. Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate silver from lead as early as 3000 B.C. [PAR] Silver is one of the elements which has an alchemical symbol, shown below (alchemy is an ancient pursuit concerned with, for instance, the transformation of other metals into gold). [PAR] {{floatR}} [PAR] {{floatR}} [PAR] Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for silver is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] [PAR] Silver around us"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Serial killers in the U.S.: a legacy of murder - USA Today Serial killers in the U.S.: a legacy of murder [PAR] FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest [PAR] Serial killers in the U.S.: a legacy of murder [PAR] Serial killers list: -- Ted Bundy. Bundy confessed to 30 killings in seven states between 1974 and 1978, but his true death toll is unknown. He was regarded as handsome and charismatic, and he preyed on young [PAR] Post to Facebook [PAR] Serial killers in the U.S.: a legacy of murder Serial killers list: -- Ted Bundy. Bundy confessed to 30 killings in seven states between 1974 and 1978, but his true death toll is unknown. He was regarded as handsome and charismatic, and he preyed on young Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1tGcNcC [PAR] CancelSend [PAR] A link has been sent to your friend's email address. [PAR] Posted! [PAR] A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. [PAR] 3 [PAR] To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs [PAR] Serial killers in the U.S.: a legacy of murder [PAR] William M. Welch , USA TODAY Published 7:50 p.m. ET Oct. 20, 2014 | Updated 12:27 a.m. ET Oct. 21, 2014 [PAR] Posted! [PAR] A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. [PAR] Juan Corona was convicted of the 1971 murders of 25 itinerant laborers in California, whose bodies were found in shallow graves in fruit orchards in Sutter County, Calif. He was sentenced to life in prison. He supplied workers to ranchers as a labor contractor and maintained a bunkhouse for the laborers. [PAR] AP [PAR] Aileen Wuornos was convicted of killing six men and executed in 2002 in Florida. She had been supporting herself as a prostitute and said she had acted in self defense. [PAR] Peter Cosgrove, AP [PAR] Fullscreen [PAR] File - In this undated file photo, Robert Hansen leaves court in Anchorage, Alaska. Hansen, a convicted Alaska serial killer who hunted down women in the Alaska wilderness in the 1970s as Anchorage boomed with construction of the trans-Alaska oil pipeline, died Thursday, Aug. 21, 2014. He was 75. [PAR] AP/ The Anchorage Daily News [PAR] Fullscreen [PAR] Jeffrey Dahmer, also known as the \"Milwaukee Cannibal,'' was convicted of sexually assaulting, killing, dismembering and eating some of his victims and preserving body parts. He was convicted of 15 murders and sentenced to life in prison in 1992. He was convicted of an additional murder in Ohio. Dahmer died in prison in 1994, beaten to death by another inmate. [PAR] Mark Elias, AP [PAR] Fullscreen [PAR] Wayne Williams was blamed for a string of Atlanta child murders in 1979-1981. He was convicted in 1982 of killing two men and sentenced to life in prison. Atlanta police later said he was responsible for at least 23 of 29 child murders in the city, but he was not charged and maintains innocence. [PAR] AP [PAR] Fullscreen [PAR] David Berkowitz, \"Son of Sam'' killer, terrorized New York City in 1976 and 1977 when he killed six victims and wounded seven others using a .44 caliber revolver. He was the object of a massive manhunt and left brazen letters taunting police and promising more slayings, describing himself as \"Son of Sam.'' He is serving life in prison. [PAR] AP [PAR] Fullscreen [PAR] Dennis Rader was known as the BTK serial killer responsible for the deaths of 10 people in the Wichita area between 1974 and 1991. He signed notes with the letters BTK, which stood for \"bind, torture, kill.'' He was convicted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Digitalis Uses, Benefits & Dosage - drugs.com Digitalis Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database [PAR] Adverse reactions are generally related to toxicity. [PAR] Toxicology [PAR] All parts of the plant are toxic. The incidence of digitalis toxicity in therapeutic use has been estimated to range from 5% to 25%. Ingestion of extremely small amounts of the plant may be fatal to humans, especially children, and to animals. Toxicity is cumulative. [PAR] Botany [PAR] Digitalis is typically a biennial plant but may be annual or perennial depending on the species. It is characterized by a thick, cylindrical, downy stem that reaches a height of up to 2 m. Leaves form a thick rosette during the first year of growth. The leaves, which are woolly, veined, and covered with white hairs on the underside, have a very bitter taste. Flowers grow in the first or second year, depending on the species, and are tubular and bell-shaped, growing to 8 cm in length. Many colors of flowers have been bred from digitalis, and they are rarely white. Digitalis is native to the British Isles, western Europe, and parts of Africa, but is found today as an ornamental plant throughout the world. Related species that have found some use in traditional medicine include Digitalis lutea (straw foxglove), Digitalis grandiflora and Digitalis ambigua (yellow foxglove), and Digitalis ferriginea (rusty foxglove). 1 , 2 , 3 [PAR] History [PAR] Digitalis was one of the many herbal remedies used by the ancient Romans. Although its use for the treatment of heart failure has been traced back to 10th century Europe, digitalis was not widely used for this indication until its scientific investigation by British physician William Withering in the late 1700s. For most of the 1800s, digitalis was used to treat a wide variety of diseases and disorders. In 1875, German chemist Oswald Schmiedeberg first isolated pure digitoxin from digitalis, leading others to extract and identify other glycosides from various species of digitalis. In 1957, digoxin was isolated from D. lanata and is now a major cardiac glycoside marketed in tablet form. Digitalis was admitted into the first edition of the Pharmacopeia of the United States (1820) and is currently recognized by all major pharmacopeias. In South America, preparations of the powdered leaves are used to relieve asthma, as sedatives, and as diuretic/cardiotonics. In India, an ointment containing digitalis glycosides is used to treat wounds and burns. 2 , 4 , 5 [PAR] Chemistry [PAR] Ornamental strains of D. purpurea typically have low concentrations of active compounds. Leaves of wild varieties that have been used for medicinal purposes contain at least 30 different glycosides in total quantities ranging from 0.1% to 0.6%; these consist primarily of purpurea glycoside A (yielding digitoxin) and glycoside B, the precursor of gitoxin. Upon hydrolysis, digitoxin and gitoxin lose sugar moieties, producing their respective aglycones, digitoxigenin and gitoxigenin. Biosynthetic pathways in the production of cardenolides are reliant on the enzymes of malonyltransferase and progesterone 5 beta-reductase. [PAR] The main glycosides of D. lanata are the lanatosides, designated A through E. Removal of acetate groups and sugars results in formation of digitoxin, gitoxin, digoxin, digitalin, and gitaloxin. D. lanata is not typically used in powder form in the United States, but serves as a major source of lanatoside C and digoxin (300 times more potent than the powder prepared from D. purpurea ). Isolated digitoxin is 1,000 times more potent than whole powdered leaves and is completely and rapidly absorbed from the GI tract. [PAR] The seeds also contain digitalis glycosides, while steroidal saponins, flavones, the flavonoid chrysoeriol, anthraquinones,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Just How Tall IS a \"Hand\" - hands - Love Longears Just How Tall IS a \"Hand\" [PAR] Just how tall is a hand? [PAR] by Shlei [PAR] Equines are measured in units. Which unit of measure is used depends on the association doing the registration. Some registries use inches to determine size, since it is easier than trying to convert to hands. A hand is four inches. The story behind this unit of measurement is that a kind went to measure his favorite horse. Not having a device to measuer with, he used the only thing he knew would be consistent: the palm of his hand. Since then, the hand has been the unit of measure for equines. The letters HH or hh after the numbers stand for Hands High. The single letter H or H may be used, standing just for \"hands\". [PAR] Parts of a hand are given after the whole unit, following a decimal. 10.2 hands (can also be read as just Ten-two) means ten hands and two more inches. (4 inches x 10 hands equals 40 inches, plus two additional inches, so 10.2 is 42 inches tall). 10.3 would be 10 hands and 3 inches, forty-three (43) inches. There is no such thing as 10 hands 4 inches, as 4 inches would be an additional hand. However, even fractions of an inch can be listed, such as 10.3 \ufffd hh. (Ten hands, 3 \ufffd\" inches, or Ten-three and three-quarters: just \ufffd\" shy of a full 11 hands.) [PAR] 3.3 hands - 15 inches at the withers, the smallest horse ever documented. Too Small! But, this animal reportedly only lived to be two years old (just short of what anyone would call mature). [PAR] 4.2 hands - 18 inches. A few Miniature foals are only 18 inches high at birth. [PAR] 6 hands - 24 inches. There have been a few Miniature Horses reported at this height (short?) in recent years. [PAR] 6.1 hands - 25 inches - unverified report of the smallest known mature Miniature Donkey [PAR] 6.2 hands- 26 inches - the height of the smallest known breeding Miniature donkeys (in the USA) and also the height of the smallest known mule in the world (General Grant). [PAR] 7 hands - 28 inches. A few Miniature donkeys this small, difficult for females in pregnancy and birthing. Animals this small prized in some circles, but conformation tends to suffer. Either malproportioned in some cases, or very tiny with weak bone. [PAR] 7.2 - 30 inches. Was once being debated as the cut-off point for breeding size in Miniature donkeys (no plans by ADMS to do this) [PAR] 8 hands - 32 inches. Miniature size for horse, donkey or mule. Good average for Miniature Donkey height. [PAR] 9 hands - 36 inches - breakover point from Miniature to Small standard for donkeys with no pedigree (Maximum height 36\") . Still miniature height for mules. [PAR] 9.2 hands - 38 inches. Maximum allowable height for Miniature donkeys with BOTH parents registered as Miniature. Still classified as Oversized in MDR. [PAR] 10 hands - 40 inches. Breakover for small standard to Standard donkeys. (Still Miniature height for mules) [PAR] 11 hands - 44 inches. Standard donkeys in this height range. Common height for most of the Plains zebras (Grants, Damaraland, Chapmans) [PAR] 12 hands - 48 inches. The breakover from Standard to Large Standard in donkeys [PAR] 12.2 hands - 50 inches. The breakover from Miniature to Saddle Mules. [PAR] 13 hands - 52 inches - large Standard donkeys. Considered Pony height in horse breeds. Top"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Literary Names: The Bronte Sisters \u2013 Baby Name Blog ... Literary Names: The Bronte Sisters \u2013 Baby Name Blog - Nameberry [PAR] Nameberry [PAR] Search for a name or phrase [PAR] using quick search [PAR] Find the right name for your baby using our advanced search tool [PAR] Gender [PAR] Change your email address and your password [PAR] Login [PAR] Literary Names: The Bronte Sisters [PAR] Posted July 14th, 2011 [PAR] Share on Pinterest [PAR] We\u2019ve talked a lot about Shakespearean literary names and characters in Dickens and Jane Austen , but we\u2019ve overlooked three of the best namers in literary history\u2014the sisters Bront\u00eb. We love their own names\u2014 Charlotte , Emily and Anne , and we love their initial-appropriate male pen names\u2014Currer, Ellis and Acton . We even love their surname, which a number of parents have chosen for their daughters. [PAR] But it is the particularly rich cast of character names in their novels that we love the most. One of them, in fact, had a considerable effect on baby naming of its era. Though it\u2019s long been said that it was Shirley Temple who promoted her given name in the 1930s, she wasn\u2019t the first. In Charlotte Bront\u00eb\u2019 second novel, following Jane Eyre, the protagonist of Shirley was given that name because her father had anticipated a boy, and Shirley was a distinctively male name at the time. The novel\u2019s Father Keeldar made a gender switch that has proven to be permanent. [PAR] Here is a selection of Bront\u00eb bests; the list isn\u2019t meant to be complete\u2014some of the more common names have not been included. (The initials AB , CB and EB represent Anne , Charlotte and Emily .) [PAR] GIRLS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Traditional Welsh Cawl | Friday Night Feasts | Jamie Oliver Traditional Welsh Cawl | Friday Night Feasts | Jamie Oliver [PAR] Traditional Welsh cawl [PAR] \u201cThe national dish of Wales, cawl is super-comforting, warming and delicious \u201d [PAR] Serves 8 [PAR] Cooks In2 hours plus chilling [PAR] DifficultySuper easy [PAR] Of an adult's reference intake [PAR] Recipe From [PAR] sea salt and freshly ground black pepper [PAR] 1 onion [PAR] 1 kg lamb neck fillet , bone in, cut into 5cm chunks (ask your butcher to do this for you) [PAR] 1 kg swede [PAR] Tap For Ingredients [PAR] Method [PAR] This traditional Welsh recipe was given to me by the five-time cawl-making world champion, Sue Jones \u2013 I can\u2019t argue with that! This one is left to chill overnight before serving, but if you want to let the flavours develop and mature, leave it in the fridge for up to three days. Now, over to Sue\u2026 [PAR] Place 2 litres of water and 2 teaspoons of salt into a large pan. Place over a high heat and bring to the boil. [PAR] Peel and add the whole onion and the lamb. Bring to the boil, then use a spoon to skim away the scum from the surface. Simmer for a further 10 to 15 minutes, or until cooked through. Using a slotted spoon, remove the meat from the pan and leave to cool. Strip the meat from the bone, then return the meat to the pan. [PAR] Peel and cut the swede into 1cm chunks. Add to the pan and bring to the boil, then simmer for 15 to 20 minutes, or until the swede is tender. [PAR] Peel the carrots and slice at a slight angle into 1cm chunks, then add to the pan. Bring to the boil, then simmer for a further 15 to 20 minutes with the lid on, or until tender. Meanwhile, peel the potatoes and cut into quarters so they\u2019re all roughly the same size. Once the carrot has softened, add the potatoes to the pan and repeat the process until tender. [PAR] Peel the parsnips, strip and discard the outer leaves from the leeks, then cut into 1cm slices. Add the parsnips and most of the leeks to the pan. Bring to the boil, then simmer for 10 minutes with the lid on, or until tender. Taste and season, then add the raw leeks. Place the lid on top, then pop in the fridge to chill overnight (or for up to 3 days for even tastier results). [PAR] When you\u2019re ready to serve, gently simmer the cawl until warm. Ladle into serving bowls, then serve with lots of black pepper, a wedge of mature Caerphilly cheese and a slice of bread and butter."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colcannon - All recipes UK Colcannon - All recipes UK [PAR] Colcannon [PAR] Colcannon [PAR] Find traditional and modern versions of this creamy Irish potato dish, combining mashed potatoes with kale or leeks, milk and butter. Or try making the Northern Irish version called champ, which is made with spring onions. [PAR] 13 recipes [PAR] This is a recipe I shared with my girlfiends from my recipe club last year. [PAR] Recipe by: MNIKOLAISEN [PAR] [PAR] 40min [PAR] Looks similar to colcannon, but champ is native to the North of Ireland. It's made by blending spring onions with creamy mashed potatoes. Great on its own, served steaming hot with extra butter which will melt through it. But it's also the perfect side dish for good quality sausages. [PAR] [PAR] 30min [PAR] This colcannon recipe uses cabbage and leeks. You could use a bunch of spring onions instead of the leeks, if you prefer. Serve with bacon, pork sausages or roast beef. [PAR] Recipe by: Marc Boyer [PAR] [PAR] 1hr40min [PAR] Colcannon is a simple, warming Irish potato dish, combining mashed potatoes with shredded cooked cabbage and chopped spring onions. Here it is used as a lovely pie topping for chicken cooked in cider with sliced apples and carrots. The pie is a well-balanced meal in itself, needing no accompaniments. [PAR] Recipe by: Norma MacMillan [PAR] [PAR] 3hr [PAR] This is beef stew recipe results in melt-in-the-mouth meat in a richly flavoured gravy, perfectly complemented by the colcannon. Your family will love this! [PAR] Recipe by: MNIKOLAISEN [PAR] [PAR] 40min [PAR] This is my famous colcannon recipe. It tastes great with or without bacon, so you can easily make this colcannon vegetarian. [PAR] Recipe by: Diane [PAR] [PAR] 25min [PAR] Pork chops are quick and easy for any night of the week. The sauce is made with beer, mustard, honey, garlic and soy sauce - so you'll probably have all of the ingredients you need in your cupboard already. This is delicious served with colcannon, which allows you to add plenty of dark green veg to your diet![DOC] [TLE] Champ - Irish Mashed Potatoes | The Taste of Aussie Champ - Irish Mashed Potatoes | The Taste of Aussie [PAR] The Taste of Aussie [PAR] Bringing the best recipes to you [PAR] Search for: [PAR] The Cook Leave a comment [PAR] Champ (br\u00fait\u00edn in Irish) is an Irish dish, made by combining mashed potatoes and chopped spring onions with butter and milk, and optionally, salt and pepper. It is simple and inexpensive to produce. In some areas the dish is also called \u201cpoundies\u201d. [PAR] Champ is similar to another Irish dish, Colcannon , which uses kale or cabbage in place of spring onions. [PAR] Save Print [PAR] Champ [PAR] If you have your own favourite recipe for mashed potatoes, just follow that and add the spring onions at the end - voil\u00e0! now you have champ. [PAR] Ingredients [PAR] 6 spring onions, both white and green parts, finely sliced [PAR] salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste [PAR] Instructions [PAR] Peel the potatoes and slice them \u00bdcm thick. Put in a large pot of generously salted water and bring to the boil. Simmer until the potatoes are tender, then drain. [PAR] Return the potatoes to the pot off the heat, cover with a clean tea towel and allow to sit for 5 minutes (this helps to dry out the potatoes, resulting in a fluffier mash). [PAR] Meanwhile, while the potatoes are cooking, place the milk, butter and spring onions in a saucepan over a medium heat, until the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] irish soda bread recipe - stonesoup virtual cookery school irish soda bread recipe [PAR] irish soda bread recipe [PAR] video password: bread [case sensitive] [PAR] prepare ahead? [PAR] You can par bake the loaf and freeze. Just bake loaf for 45 minutes with the foil on then cool the loaf on a rack and freeze. To reheat, preheat the oven to 200C (400F) and bake straight from the freezer on a baking tray for 20 minutes or until the loaf is deep golden brown. [PAR] variations for fun [PAR] seeded bread \u2013 Geraldine likes to sprinkle her bread with mixed seeds such as sunflower, sesame and pumpkin seeds before baking. [PAR] browner version \u2013 replace some of the wholemeal flour with oat bran and rolled oats for a higher fibre kick. [PAR] troubleshooting guide [PAR] too wet \u2013 If the crumb is soggy after the loaf has cooled it means it is underbaked. Next time bake for longer. If the bread is browning too much, just cover with foil and keep baking. [PAR] loaf sticking to the tin \u2013 this bread tends to form a lovely crust as it bakes but I like to line the tin with baking paper to be on the safe side. [PAR] bread too crumbly \u2013 The mixture is very crumbly before it is baked but it comes together in the oven. If the final loaf is still too crumbly, use more buttermilk next time. [PAR] soapy flavour \u2013 excess baking soda will give a soapy flavour. I\u2019ve erred on the low side of soda in this recipe. Make sure you have added the correct amount. [PAR] tough texture \u2013 this bread is unusual in that we don\u2019t want to develop the gluten to get the texture. Overmixing will toughen this bread. Next time mix less. Using normal wholemeal flour (not bread or strong flour) may help too. [PAR] loaf too flat \u2013 we\u2019re relying on the bircarb soda to do the raising for us. If your soda is old it can lose some of its leavening power. Next time makes sure your soda is fresh or use more. Be careful though because too much soda will give a soapy flavour. [PAR] crust too soggy \u2013 Another symptom of underbaking. Next time bake longer. Also make sure the loaf isn\u2019t covered when its cooling as the steam can make your crust soggy. [PAR] burned \u2013 If the bread is browning too much, just cover with foil and keep baking. [PAR] can\u2019t find buttermilk? \u2013 Replace with half milk and half natural yoghurt. [PAR] serving suggestions [PAR] Brilliant breakfast served warm from the oven or toasted with a generous slab of butter and a little honey. Also great with peanut butter. [PAR] Or do as the modern Irish do and serve slathered with hummus. [PAR] leftover potential [PAR] Slice any leftovers and freeze in a plastic bag. For an almost instant breakfast just pop a slice straight from the freezer into the toaster. [PAR] related links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eton Mess | Pretty. Simple. Sweet. Eton Mess | Pretty. Simple. Sweet. [PAR] Google+0 [PAR] This quick and easy traditional English dessert is made from a mixture of whipped cream, strawberries, and meringue \u2013 either layered as a trifle or mixed together into a delicious mess. [PAR] Until just recently, meringues haven\u2019t exactly been my cup of tea since they were too sweet for my taste as a standalone dessert. Every time I get a box of meringues as a gift (it\u2019s quite a thing around here), I break them into pieces, and serve them (mostly to myself) with some strawberries and whipped cream. I had been doing this long before I had even heard of Eton mess because it just felt like the perfect combination. Apparently they thought the same thing back in the 1930s, when this dessert originated at the famous Eton school in England. [PAR] Sometimes, if I plan to make the dessert ahead of time, I\u2019ll prepare my homemade meringues from scratch. But when I want to whip up a quick dessert for guests that are about to arrive, I\u2019ll just go (i.e., send Erez) to my favorite bakery near my house and buy their beautiful meringues instead. [PAR] You can either serve this dessert in individual serving dishes or glasses, or in one large trifle bowl for anyone to take as much as they want. Just make sure that, in the case of the latter, you don\u2019t invite me to your party. \u201cAs much as I want\u201d usually means all of it. [PAR] You have two options in assembling this dessert. The first is to layer the ingredients, placing strawberries, broken meringue pieces, and whipped cream one on top of the other, then repeat the layering once more. The other option is to make it the more traditional way, which is folding the pieces of strawberry and meringue into the whipped cream. I already told you about the \u2018Eton\u2019 part of the name, so now you get the \u2018mess\u2019 part, too. [PAR] This dessert needs to be put together close to serving time, when the meringues are still crispy. You can prepare each of the dessert components in advance: whipping the cream, cutting the strawberries, and breaking the meringues. Store the whipped cream and strawberries in the fridge until you\u2019re ready to use them. Once ready to serve, simply mix all of it together. [PAR] If you prefer adding more meringues or strawberries (or less, but\u2026 really?), then you are welcome to do so. You know I\u2019ll be the last person to stop you. [PAR] If you want, you can make a simple strawberry sauce by processing about 150g of additional strawberries in a food processor with a bit of powdered sugar until pureed. Then, either mix it with the strawberries, swirl it into the cream, or pour it on top of the dish. [PAR] To dress up this dessert, I top each serving dish with freshly sliced strawberries, meringue pieces, or mini meringue kisses."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cullen Skink - Scottish Smoked Haddock And Potato Soup ... Cullen Skink - Scottish Smoked Haddock And Potato Soup Recipe - Food.com [PAR] Cook [PAR] 25 mins [PAR] The name of this rich, tasty soup comes from the fishing village of Cullen, in Morayshire in Northern Scotland. \"Skink\" is a soup made originally from a shin of beef - in fact the word \"skink\" means soup or stew - but in this case, the main ingredient is smoked haddock with potatoes and onions. Finnan haddock is often called Finnan haddie, and is the traditional ingredient in the famous Edwardian breakfast dish of Kedgeree. Cullen Skink is sometimes called Smoked Haddock Chowder when served in bistros and restaurants. We love to serve this delicious soup as an elegant and comforting starter for our Burns Night Tribute Supper; this is also a wonderful soup to be served as a main course - with crusty bread and butter. [PAR] Ingredients [PAR] 12 Quick & Easy Soups [PAR] Directions [PAR] Cover the smoked haddock with water, in a shallow pan, skin side down. Bring to the boil and simmer for 4/5 minutes, turning once. [PAR] Take the haddock from the pan and remove the skin and bones. [PAR] Break up the fish into flakes, return to the stock and add the chopped onion, bay leaf, salt and pepper. [PAR] Simmer for another 15 minutes. Strain, remove the bay leaf but retain the stock and fish. [PAR] Add the milk to the fish stock and bring back to the boil. [PAR] Add enough mashed potato to create the consistency you prefer (don't be afraid to make it rich and thick!). [PAR] Add the fish and reheat. [PAR] Check for seasoning.[DOC] [TLE] Traditional Scottish Cullen Skink Recipe - About.com Food Traditional Scottish Cullen Skink Recipe [PAR] Traditional Scottish Cullen Skink Recipe [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Cullen Skink Recipe. Getty [PAR] Updated December 06, 2016. [PAR] Cullen is a small town in North East of Scotland and the home of one of Scotland's most famous dishes, Cullen Skink which is a hearty soup and traditionally made with smoked haddock, and for me a great way to use smoked fish . [PAR] In this recipe mashed potatoes are stirred into the soup creating thickness and flavour, some recipes, however, will add in scrubbed, new potatoes or potato chunks. [PAR] Cullen Skink recipe is also known as Smoked Haddock Chowder in other parts of Britain as the recipe is very similar. [PAR] 700 ml (1\u00bc pints) milk [PAR] Small handful flat leaf parsley [PAR] 1 bay leaf [PAR] 450g (1lb ) undyed, smoked haddock fillet [PAR] 55g (2 oz) butter [PAR] 1 medium onion, finely chopped [PAR] 250g (8oz) mashed potato , leftover or cooked fresh [PAR] Preparation [PAR] Serves 4 [PAR] Pour the milk into a large saucepan. Remove the leaves from the parsley and add the stalks to the milk. Finely chop the leaves and keep to one side. Add the bay leaf and the haddock to the milk. [PAR] Bring the milk to a gentle boil and cook for 3 minutes. Remove the pan from the heat and leave for 5 minutes for the herbs to infuse their flavour into the milk. [PAR] Remove the haddock from the milk with a slotted spoon and put to one side. Strain the liquid through a fine sieve and reserve the herb-infused milk. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Food - Main course Savoury steamed, baked sponge & suet ... 1000+ images about Main course Savoury steamed, baked sponge & suet puddings on Pinterest | Suet pudding, Puddings and Steak and ale [PAR] Forward [PAR] The Bedfordshire Clanger comes from the county of Bedfordshire.It's an elongated suet crust dumpling w/ savory filling at one end & sweet filling at the other comprising a main course & dessert in one package.The savory end is traditionally meat w/ diced potatoes & veg,the sweet end is usually jam,or sweetened apple/ fruit.Traditionally the top pasty is scored w/ a few lines to denote the sweet end.Historically,made by women for their husbands to take to their agricultural work as a midday\u2026 [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Main course Savoury steamed, baked sponge & suet puddings ... 1000+ images about Main course Savoury steamed, baked sponge & suet puddings on Pinterest | Venison, Bacon and Herb bread [PAR] Forward [PAR] The Bedfordshire Clanger comes from the county of Bedfordshire.It's an elongated suet crust dumpling w/ savory filling at one end & sweet filling at the other comprising a main course & dessert in one package.The savory end is traditionally meat w/ diced potatoes & veg,the sweet end is usually jam,or sweetened apple/ fruit.Traditionally the top pasty is scored w/ a few lines to denote the sweet end.Historically,made by women for their husbands to take to their agricultural work as a midday\u2026 [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wood Carving For Beginners: Essential Tips on How to Get ... Wood Carving For Beginners: Essential Tips on How to Get Started [PAR] Wood Carving For Beginners: Essential Tips on How to Get Started [PAR] February 5, 2014 by C. Paris [PAR] Wood carving is a fun, accessible, and creative craft that doesn\u2019t require a fancy studio, or equipment. All you need is a piece of wood and something sharp to carve it with. Of course, what kind of wood and what kind of carving tools you pick will affect the difficulty, safety, and result of your wood carving endeavors. In this wood carving for beginners guide, we\u2019ll go over some of the most important information a new craftsman or craftswoman needs to know to get started. Are you looking for information and tips for wood working? Check out this introductory wood working course for more info. Otherwise, get ready to learn the basics of wood carving, and unleash your creativity ! [PAR] Types of Wood Carving [PAR] While it might sound like a straightforward discipline, there are actually different types of wood carving techniques. Below is four of the main wood carving styles. It\u2019s good to determine which style best fits your abilities, and your desired product, before purchasing materials and supplies. If you\u2019re planning on teaching a young child how to wood carve, you might want to opt for something a little safer until they\u2019re old enough to handle sharp objects on their own. Learning how to work with clay , or carving a piece of soap with a spoon are good, safe alternatives. [PAR] Whittling One of the oldest forms of wood carving, whittling is distinct for its sharp, textured cuts that leave knife \u201cstrokes.\u201d The sculptures made with whittling are often very angular. Whittling is done using a whittling or a carving knife. [PAR] Relief Carving Unlike carving full sculptures out of wood, relief carving is the process of carving figures into wood. You start out with a flat panel of wood, and carve figures into it, leaving the back flat. [PAR] Carving in the Round This is like the clay sculpturing of wood cutting. Objects are smooth, angles are rounded \u2013 hence the name \u2013 and all sides are carved, unlike relief carvings. [PAR] Chip Carving Chip carving involves using a knife, chisel, and a hammer. The process is exactly as the name suggests: chipping away at a piece of wood. This can be used to create intricate patterns in wooden plates and boards. [PAR] Types of Wood [PAR] Once you\u2019ve decided on your wood carving style, it\u2019s time to select the type of wood you want to work with. Butternut and basswood are softer types of wood that are easier for beginners to carve. Butternut offers a nice looking grain if you\u2019re planning to leave your sculpture unpainted. Whatever you choose, make sure you purchase the wood from an art and crafts store or wood supplier. Don\u2019t pick up any piece of wood from your lumber pile or garage, especially if you aren\u2019t familiar with the different kinds yet. It will only end in frustration. Below is a rundown of some of the different types of wood you can carve with, based on this chart from The Sculpture Studio . [PAR] Basswood: Easy to carve, with a fine grain. Light and cream colored. Best for whittling. [PAR] Butternut: Easy to carve, with a coarse grain. Light brown colored with a distinct wood pattern. [PAR] White Pine:Easy to carve, with a medium grain. Soft and cream colored. [PAR] Mahogany: Intermediate difficulty to carve,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Ventriloquism: Return of the dummy run BBC News - Ventriloquism: Return of the dummy run [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Ventriloquism: Return of the dummy run [PAR] By Jon Kelly [PAR] BBC News Magazine [PAR] The death of British comedian Ray Alan recalls a lost age when ventriloquists were cosy family entertainment favourites. Today, they are more likely to be found at the cutting edge of subversive alternative comedy. [PAR] Go on, try it. Try saying something - \"bottle of beer,\" even - without moving your lips. [PAR] Now imagine keeping 30 million TV viewers entertained at the same time. [PAR] Once ventriloquism was not just a party trick or a kitsch throwback. It was a major branch of showbusiness. [PAR] The passing of Ray Alan - a ventriloquist of rare technical accomplishment - is a reminder of how far from public favour this branch of stagecraft has fallen. With his sidekick puppet Lord Charles, Alan became a prime-time favourite in a more innocent era. [PAR] It's a sort of licensed Tourette's [PAR] Nina Conti [PAR] Ventriloquist [PAR] In the 1950s and 60s there were thought to be some 400 full-time ventriloquists working in the UK - but by the early 2000s this had dwindled to just 15, according to estimates by Professor Steven Connor of Birkbeck University. [PAR] But if the act now calls to mind working men's clubs and end-of-pier shows, or nostalgia clip show staples like Roger de Courcey (and Nookie Bear) and Terry Hall (with Lenny the Lion), its latest incarnation is very different. [PAR] Nowadays the biggest names in ventriloquism include Americans like the brash, politically incorrect Jeff Dunham and David Strassman, whose Chuck Wood puppet makes Eric Cartman from South Park sound like Larry the Lamb. [PAR] The shift in the craft's centre of gravity is symbolised by America's Got Talent winner Terry Fator, an all-round entertainer and singer whose ventriloquism act nonetheless plays with taboos surrounding race and sex. [PAR] All have achieved this by tapping into the latent weirdness of the form - let's face it, those puppets are creepy - and refashioning them with an edgy, punk rock sensibility. [PAR] One ventriloquist - or, as those in the know would put it, \"vent\" - who has been at the forefront of this new wave is Nina Conti, whose sweetly-spoken onstage persona is thrown into darkly comic relief by her puerile, foul-mouthed monkey puppet Monk. [PAR] Even Keith Harris has updated his act to keep up with the new ventriloquists [PAR] Now an award-winning staple of Britain's comedy clubs, Rada-trained Conti turned to ventriloquism when her acting career initially failed to take off. [PAR] Initially she dismissed the craft as a throwback to a bygone era, but quickly discovered its subversive potential - and has been working on a documentary, Her Master's Voice, which explores its subversive roots. [PAR] \"It's a sort of licensed Tourette's,\" she says. \"I'm shocked by what the puppet can get away with - things I could never say to someone in a million years. [PAR] \"I started this thinking one day I wanted to give it up eventually. But then I realised that there are really no limits to what you can do with it.\" [PAR] Still, Conti's street credibility is far removed from the previous generation of British vents who suddenly found that their work had become unfashionable. [PAR] Usually recruited from the working men's circuit or even, if they were old enough, music hall, they suffered from television's move away from traditional variety formats. [PAR] One victim of the shift in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Muppet Show - TV.com The Muppet Show - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] After the success of Sesame Street in 1969, Muppet creator Jim Henson wanted to have a chance at his own series. In 1974, Henson shot a Muppet special called The Muppets' Valentine Show, which would later become a precursor for The Muppet Show. The special starred famous muppet, Kermit the Frog, with a cast of new muppets including: George the Janitor, Droop the Anteater, Crazy Donald (later named Crazy Harry), Brewsters the oldtimer, Mildred the goose, and Rufus (later named Muppy). Many of these characters were used during the first season of The Muppet Show, and quickly faded away to background characters. The special featured actress Mia Farrow, who taught the muppets about love, and that everyone loves something. Afterwards in 1975, Henson shot the failed pilot for the Muppet Show: Sex and Violence. Amazingly, Kermit the Frog was not in the pilot at all! Instead, the host was wimpy, Nigel, who Jim Henson wrote out of the show soon afterwards. After about a year, the muppet team went to the United Kingdom and were given the green light for the Muppet Show. The show became one of the top syndicated comedies of all time! The show featured a new group of Muppet characters including: Fozzie Bear, Miss Piggy, Gonzo, Scooter, Beauregard, Rowlf the Dog, and The Electric Mayhem. Each show featured a celebrity guest star, who were either personal friends of Henson, or his manager. The Muppet Show lasted for 5 years, and 120 episodes, two spin offs, and several movies. Theme Song: It's time to play the music It's time to light the lights It's time to meet the Muppets On the Muppet Show tonight It's time to put on makeup It's time to dress up right It's time to raise the curtain On the Muppet Show tonight Why do we always come here I guess we'll never know It's like a kind of torture To have to watch the show And now lets get things started Why don't you get things started It's time to get things started On the most sensational Inspirational Celebrational Muppetational This is what we call the Muppet Show! Characters Kermit the Frog Originally from \"Sam & Friends\" (1955), then later Sesame Street (1969), Kermit is the host of The Muppet Show. Miss Piggy Self-centered, yet very persuasive. Wants to marry Kermit. Fozzie Bear Furry, fuzzy, funny, fabulous, free-willing, fast, and frantic....he's Fozzie Bear. The Great Gonzo A \"whatever\". Scooter the Go-Fer Kermit's stage assistant. Rizzo the Rat Gonzo's sidekick. A rat with rat-itude. Rowlf the Dog Originally from The Jimmy Dean Show, Rowlf is a piano playing dog, and the first muppet to become a national star. Statler and Waldorf The two old-timers who sat in the balcony. Doctor Bunsen Honeydew The Muppet Show's scientist. Beeker Meep Meep Meep's meep. Beauregard: The Muppet Show's slow-witted janitor. Pops: Greeted the guests at the begining. The Swedish Chef Bork bork bork. The Eletric Mayhem The Muppet Show's band including: Dr. Teeth (lead vocalist and piano player), Sgt. Floyd Pepper (Bass, and Janice's boyfriend), Janice (guitarist, Floyd's girlfriend), Zoot (sax is his act), Lips (trumpet player), and Animal (HE WANT TO BAT DRUM!) First Telecast: September 27, 1976 Last Telecast: June 8, 1981 Episodes: 120 color episodes Spin-Offs: Muppet Babies and Muppets Tonight! Spin Offs: * Muppet Babies was Jim Henson's first animated series. The show featured familiar Muppet faces, only as babies. New characters included Nanny (the nanny of the nursery), and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Punch Names - Punch And Judy Punch Names [PAR] What are the names of the Punch and Judy characters? [PAR] They vary with different showmen, and at different periods of the history. First there is Punchinello, or Punch. Originally his wife was called Joan which later changed to Judy. There is often a dog called Toby, and nearly always a clown called Joey (named after the famous Victorian clown Joseph Grimaldi). The baby is frequently called Marmaduke. If the hanging scene is used then the hangman is often know as Jack Ketch, named after an actual public hangman. The devil is Old Nick. The old shows used to have a black man called Jim Crow. The Doctor and Policeman rarely have names, nor did the Beadle or the clergyman. The dog originally didn't belong to Punch and the owner was called Mr. Scaramouche. Punch used to knock his head off his shoulders. Scaramouche is also the general term for a class of trick puppets involving extending necks, sometimes with multiple heads. In one of the classic shows such a character is called The Courtier."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Mercury and Supercar | The Belated Nerd Mike Mercury and Supercar | The Belated Nerd [PAR] Mike Mercury and Supercar [PAR] September 20, 2011 by The Belated Nerd [PAR] Yes! Another puppet post! This one is about a TV show that debuted in 1961 called Supercar. Supercar was produced by Gerry Anderson who, with his team of puppeteers and model builders, would later create Thunderbirds. Like Thunderbirds (1964) and Four Feather Falls (1960), Supercar utilized Anderson\u2019s signature \u201cSupermarionation\u201d. [PAR] Supermarionation used marionettes suspended and controlled by thin wires. The fine metal filaments doubled as both suspension-control wires for puppet movement, and as electrical cables that took the control signals to the electronic components concealed in the marionettes\u2019 heads. The heads contained solenoid motors that created the synchronised mouth movements for dialog and other functions. The voice synchronisation was achieved by using a specially designed audio filter which was actuated by the signal from the pre-recorded tapes of the voice actors; this filter would convert the signal into a series of pulses which then travelled down the wire to the solenoids controlling the puppet\u2019s lips, creating lip movements that were precisely synchronised with the dialogue. [PAR] The one flaw in the system was that its simulation of walking was rather ridiculous looking. This weakness was likely the inspiration for a show where the hero spent most of his time sitting in a car. The hero is pilot Mike Mercury who lives in a secret base in Nevada with two scientists (Prof. Popkiss and Dr. Beaker), an orphan boy (Jimmy Gibson) and a weird monkey-like creature named Mitch. [PAR] The show aired on ITV in the UK and was syndicated to local channels in the US. The show spawned a comic strip in the British magazine TV Comics that outlasted the show itself by two years. In the US Gold Key published a Supercar comic book that lasted four issues. [PAR] Here is episode one (in two parts) in which Mike and the Supercar rescue young Jimmy and his monkey Mitch. Even if you\u2019re not inclined to watch the entire episode be sure to, at least, treat yourself to the opening titles and the theme song sung by Mike Sammes.[DOC] [TLE] Supercar (TV Series 1961\u20131962) - IMDb Supercar (TV Series 1961\u20131962) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 7 January 2017 5:00 AM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Gerry Anderson's first science fiction Supermarionation series. Super Car was a prototype vehicle that could travel in the air, on land or beneath the sea. Its test pilot was Mike Mercury, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 20 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 14 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 111 titles [PAR] created 09 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Supercar \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Fireball XL5 was part of the fleet of interplanetary rockets protecting Sector 25 of the Solar System from alien invasion under the supervision of the World"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hood (Thunderbirds) - Villains Wiki - Wikia The Hood (Thunderbirds) | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] International Rescue haven't heard the last of me... [PAR] \u201e [PAR] ~ The Hood's final line in the very first episode of Thunderbirds (Trapped in the Sky), after his police car getaway has crashed and his photographs of Thunderbird 1 get destroyed. [PAR] The Hood is a criminal mastermind, and is the main antagonist and Bigger Bad from the 1965 TV series and subsequent films of Gerry Anderson's most successful Supermarionation TV series, Thunderbirds. [PAR] He is the archenemy of the Tracy family, and even his own half-brother, Kyrano (and his half-niece, Tin-Tin). His primary intention in life appears to be getting his hands on the secrets of International Rescue, for they will make him, in his words, \"the wealthiest man in the world\". [PAR] He was voiced by the late Ray Barrett, who also voiced John Tracy, Jeff's second oldest son (behind Scott), the controller of Thunderbird 5. In the 2004 film he was portrayed by Ben Kingsley, now in the rebooted tv series he is voiced by Andres Williams. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] TV series [PAR] Feared as the world's dangerous man, The Hood (so named because of his many disguises) is the half brother of Kyrano and wields an uncanny supernatural power over him. Unlike his brother, he is massive in stature and his main aim in life is the acquisition of wealth regardless of justice and ethics. His primary target is International Rescue, as the plans of their amazing high-tech vehicles and machines could make him rich beyond his wildest dreams. Operating from his hidden temple deep in the heart of the Malaysian jungle, the Hood has successfully eluded capture by the world's security forces for many years. Ruthless and calculating beyond comprehension, he uses mystical powers steeped in voodoo and black magic allowing nothing to get in the way of his evil objectives. [PAR] The Hood's precise origins are unknown. While it is known that he is the half-brother of Kyrano, the precise details of their relationship - such as which parent they share, or which of them is the elder - remain a mystery, as do the origin of his mysterious hypnotic powers. Even his real name remains a mystery; throughout the entire TV series, he was only ever referred to as 'Agent Seven-Nine', and even that was only on one occasion when he was in contact with the even more mysterious ' General X '; in another incident, with General Bron , he was referred to as '#671'. Even his name is never used in the TV series - it was revealed in spin-off media and promotional materials. [PAR] The Hood is known to be well-known to the criminals of Earth, such as Generals X and Brom, who use him for schemes, such as sabotaging the British Red Arrows aerial acrobatics team and other things. His Aztec looking temple, which he calls home, is outfitted with hi-tech devices such as advanced CCTV, an underground helicopter/other VTOL aircraft bunker and other things. In contrast to this, he also has a massive statue of Kyrano, which he uses to psychologically torture him for information, or to use him for his own purposes (such as in \"Martian Invasion\", where he managed to get Kyrano to disable Thunderbird 1's Automatic Camera Detector). [PAR] To facilitate his plans to capture the Thunderbirds' craft and use them for evil, the Hood has been known to make phony rescues in order to lure the Tracy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ramsbottom - Sooty Database Wiki - Wikia Ramsbottom | Sooty Database Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Ramsbottom is a snake with a Yorkshire accent. He sometimes hangs around with Butch . [PAR] In the latest series of Sooty, he attended the imaginary wedding of Sooty and Soo and judged a dancing competition with Butch and Dame Helena Pearsona. [PAR] Contents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Kremmen - The Full Wiki Captain Kremmen - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Captain Kremmen [PAR] Wikis [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Encyclopedia [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Captain Kremmen was a science fiction radio serial set in the early 21st Century. (The pilot opens in 2005.) It was written and performed for Capital Radio by the DJ Kenny Everett , and was also broadcast on Liverpool's Radio City . It featured the eponymous vain and dimwitted spaceship captain. Everett took the name Kremmen from a record label owned by the son of comedian Mel Blanc . Each episode began with a recap by Everett's fellow DJ, Tommy Vance . [PAR] The premise was subsequently adapted for television and other media. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 4 External links [PAR] Main characters [PAR] Captain Elvis Brandenburg Kremmen - Born in Liverpool on Christmas Day in 1950, Kremmen grew up with an interest in becoming an astronaut like his idol, Dan Dare . In the animated version, he bears a striking resemblance to Kenny Everett, who was also born in Liverpool on Christmas Day (but in 1944). [PAR] Graduating from the Space Academy, Kremmen went on to become the world's most fabulous man, as well as a captain for Star Corps. He also has bionic veins, and a bionic left foot with a detachable big toe that converts into a space cannon. According to a 'computer read-out' at the beginning of the episodes, he has an IQ of 498 and a height of 6 ' 10 \" , and is a Supreme Athlete, a Concert Pianist, Concorde Pilot, Mountain Climber, Diplomat, Space Captain & Genius. Another variation on the opening script said he had 'muscles in places where most other people don't even have places'. [PAR] Carla - An American, Carla is the world's most voluptuous woman. She came from a poor family, and used her beauty to get a job in Star Corps. Whenever alone with Kremmen, she persuades him to have casual sex with her. Her first visual appearance saw her looking like Marilyn Monroe , but this was changed in the TV series. She appears to be based on Dale Arden . [PAR] Dr. Heinrich von Gitfinger - Named \"Grelbman\" in the graphic novel, Gitfinger is Kremmen's scientific aide from Germany . In some areas, he is portrayed as a Nazi . He is married and has children living in West Germany . [PAR] Other minor characters include Gonad, Schmuckstein, Threllmer and Fooman, who are all technicians aboard the Troll-1 \u2013 Kremmen's spaceship, which is more than a little reminiscent of a portable cassette recorder . [PAR] Foes [PAR] The Thargoids - Based on their synthetic homeworld of Thargoidia, the Thargoids are a race of beings led by Gort (a parody of a movie character with the same name ), who drain all other beings of their knowledge so that they will be the most intelligent beings in the universe. They are described as having transparent heads, furry green eyeballs, seven legs and three lips. This latter feature is the reason the Thargoids drink tea; as Gort explained: \"You try asking for llllager and llllime with llllips llllike these!\" [PAR] The Krells - Originally nine-headed creatures with enormous lips, the Krells later became slimy lumps in the TV series. They are the second"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Moby-Dick Chapter 16: The Ship Summary - Shmoop Moby-Dick Chapter 16: The Ship Summary [PAR] Moby-Dick Chapter 16: The Ship Summary [PAR] NEXT [PAR] That night in bed, Queequeg tells Ishmael that he\u2019s been talking to the little black statue of his god (which, we learn, is named Yojo), and Yojo wants Ishmael to choose the ship that the two of them will sail with. [PAR] Ishmael\u2019s pretty nervous about this responsibility. He was hoping Queequeg\u2019s experience with whaling ships would help find the right one. [PAR] But Queequeg insists that Yojo has already found the right ship and that he\u2019ll help Ishmael choose it. [PAR] The next morning, Ishmael goes out on his own. [PAR] It seems to be some kind of religious holiday for Queequeg, who stays at the inn fasting, smoking, and offering a sacrifice of biscuit to Yojo. [PAR] Ishmael finds out that there are three ships about to sail for three-year voyages: the Devil-Dam, the Tit-Bit, and the Pequod. He chooses the Pequod. [PAR] The Pequod is an older ship that has already been on a lot of whaling voyages. It has a lot of character, and is decorated with sea-ivory\u2014whalebone and teeth. [PAR] On board the Pequod, Ishmael looks around for someone in charge. He sees a strange teepee-like tent made of whalebone on the deck and enters it, where he finds a \"brown and brawny\" old seaman who seems to have some authority. [PAR] Ishmael tells the old seaman that he wants to join the Pequod\u2019s whaling expedition, and explains that he doesn\u2019t have any specific whaling experience, but he has been in the merchant service before. [PAR] The old man scoffs\u2014merchant service! The idea!\u2014and asks why Ishmael wants to go whaling. [PAR] Ishmael says that he wants \"to see what whaling is\" and \"to see the world\" (16.18). [PAR] The old man asks Ishmael if he\u2019s met Captain Ahab. [PAR] Ishmael is confused. He thought the old man was the captain of the Pequod. [PAR] The man explains that he is Captain Peleg, and that he and Captain Bildad, who are both retired, own the ship and are outfitting it with men and supplies. (It\u2019s like their investment plan for retirement.) [PAR] Captain Ahab will actually be in charge of the ship on its voyage. [PAR] Captain Peleg tells Ishmael that Captain Ahab lost a leg to a whale, and asks if he\u2019s still willing to go on a whaling voyage. Ishmael says that he is. [PAR] Ishmael\u2019s formal manner of speaking rubs Captain Peleg the wrong way, and the Captain wonders if Ishmael is tough enough for a whaling voyage. [PAR] Captain Peleg asks Ishmael if he would throw a harpoon down a whale\u2019s throat and jump after it. Ishmael says he would if it was absolutely necessary, but he thinks it could probably be avoided. This is, apparently, the right answer, which is good to know, for those of you planning to hunt the wily sperm whale. [PAR] Next, Captain Peleg takes on Ishmael\u2019s desire to \"see the world.\" He asks Ishmael to look across the bow of the ship and tell him what\u2019s there: it\u2019s nothing but water. Captain Peleg tells Ishmael that\u2019s the only world he\u2019d see on a whaling voyage. [PAR] Ishmael\u2019s a little shaken by this, but remains firm on the whaling thing. [PAR] Captain Peleg takes him below decks to sign a contract, where Ishmael meets Captain Bildad. [PAR] Ishmael explains that both Peleg and Bildad are Quakers, but they\u2019re \"fighting Quakers\" who have been adapted by their circumstances to be bloodthirsty seamen."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Demise Of Captain Cook - Coffee Times The Demise Of Captain Cook [PAR] The Demise Of Captain Cook [PAR] by Betty Fullard-Leo [PAR] Captain Cook Monument in Kealakekua Bay. [PAR] The bay at Kealakekua is so translucent, so placid, that scores of novice snorkelers slip into the water daily, arriving by boats from Kailua-Kona, which anchor, bobbing peacefully, just beyond the obelisk that marks a far more violent episode in Hawaiian history. It was here that the great navigator Captain James Cook was killed on February 14, 1779. [PAR] Cook and his crew had sailed through the Hawaiian Islands little more than a year earlier when they anchored off Kaua'i to re-provision his flagship Resolution and a smaller vessel, Discovery. This was Cook's third Pacific voyage, but his first to explore the North Pacific. It was the voyage that earned him credit as the first westerner to discover the Hawaiian Islands. [PAR] When the British ships sailed past O'ahu to Kaua'i in January 1778, they were met by a fleet of canoes filled with Islanders prepared to do battle. Luckily, Cook and his men had learned a bit of Tahitian months earlier. Tahitian was close enough to the Hawaiian dialect so the two groups could communicate, and when Cook gave gifts, the Hawaiians realized he had come in peace. The boats had been anchored for three days at Waimea Bay, Kaua'i, where the crews had discovered that Hawaiian women gave freely of their sexual favors. While there, the High Chief Kaneoneo returned from across the island to board the Discovery and meet Captain Charles Clerke before the two English ships left Waimea, headed for Alaska and Canada. Cook had anchored off Kaua'i during the time of makahiki, a period of months set aside for the collection of taxes in the form of produce, crafts and other goods, while war was suspended and ceremonies and games were the order of the day. There are, however, no notations in Cook's logs that indicate he knew anything about the makahiki season or its peaceful traditions. Ten months later, he returned from the north, badly in need of provisions and a safe harbor to repair his ships. It was November; once again it was the makahiki season. Cook dropped anchor first off Maui, where a meeting with King Kahekili went well. The Hawaiians were pleased to obtain valuable iron nails to fashion into fishing hooks, as well as iron tools, in trade for food and water. [PAR] An interpretation of Hikiau Heiau, the temple at Kealakekua Bay, based on 1779 descriptions Painting by Herb Kawainui Kane. [PAR] Near Hana, Cook's ships were met by King Kalaniopu'u, who had been warring against Kahekili, but because of the makahiki, the fighting had been suspended. Eight of Kalaniopu'u's chiefs (among them the young Kamehameha) remained on board to direct Cook to the Big Island. From his reception, Cook surmised that swift canoes had raced across the channel to forewarn the Big Islanders of his arrival. Off the northern shore of the Big Island, near Waipi'o Valley, canoes laden with men waving white banners paddled out to greet them. During makahiki, white kapa banners were always hung for ceremonies and displayed at heiau around the islands. Next came young women dressed in their finest kapa, and canoes loaded with \"pigs, fruit and roots.\" [PAR] The ships were re-provisioned, but unable to make landing. Cook chose to circumnavigate the Big Island around the windward side, extending his journey far beyond the few days it would have taken for him to reach Kealakekua Bay sailing to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tintin - Tintin Wiki - Wikia Tintin | Tintin Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"Eureka!\" [PAR] \u2014Tintin [PAR] Tintin is a reporter, adventurer, traveler, and the protagonist of the popular comic book series The Adventures of Tintin, which was written by the Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, better known as Herg\u00e9 (1907\u20131983). [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Biography [PAR] Tintin made his first appearance in Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1929\u20131930) as a journalist reporting on the Bolsheviks of Soviet Russia with his loyal dog Snowy and soon evolved into an investigative reporter and crime-buster whose curiosity draws him into the dangerous circles of drug-traffickers and mercenaries. Tintin seems to be physically quite strong as he sometimes defeats criminals without much difficulty with punches and once easily broke a door in The Secret of the Unicorn . [PAR] Herg\u00e9 never explicitly confirmed Tintin's nationality, but vaguely refers to him as Belgian and living in Brussels (the streets of Brussels are unmistakable in the backdrop of The Secret of the Unicorn and The Red Sea Sharks . Further more, in Tintin in Tibet , the address written on Chang \u2018s letter was \"\u6bd4\u570b\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\", which means \"Brussels, Belgium\"). [PAR] Herg\u00e9 also never confirmed Tintin's age, but the comic books portray him as a young adult, cultured, worldly, and utterly responsible. [PAR] However, in Herg\u00e9's Adventures of Tintin, Tintin's home is located in New York and is supposedly American. [PAR] In earlier adventures, Tintin and Snowy live alone in an apartment, but they eventually go on to stay in one of Captain Haddock 's spare rooms at Marlinspike Hall , giving the impression that Tintin is old enough not to need the influence and presence of parents or school. [PAR] In The Secret of the Unicorn , Tintin's passport states his birth year as 1929, which was the year of his first appearance in The Land of the Soviets, estimating his age to be 15, while the official Tintin website states his age as between 16\u201318. Herg\u00e9 uses a floating timeline in The Adventures of Tintin so that while the world ages around him, Tintin does not age. [PAR] Tintin is well-educated, intelligent, and selfless with morals that cannot be compromised. He is efficient and responsible, does not smoke and rarely drinks, and is athletic (he is seen doing yoga various times throughout the series, and does stretches and warm-ups in Prisoners of the Sun ). He is a skilled driver of almost any vehicle, including tanks, motorcycles, cars, helicopters, and speedboats. [PAR] The final unfinished adventure, Tintin and Alph-Art , saw Tintin being led out of his cell to be killed, although it is very unlikely that he dies at the end of the story. [PAR] Character [PAR] \"The idea for the character of Tintin and the sort of adventures that would befall him came to me, I believe, in five minutes, the moment I first made a sketch of the figure of this hero: that is to say, he had not haunted my youth nor even my dreams. Although it's possible that as a child I imagined myself in the role of a sort of Tintin.\"[DOC] [TLE] The Adventures of Tintin: The Case of Captain Haddock\u2019s ... A still from The Adventures of Tintin. [PAR] If you\u2019ve been reading reviews of The Adventures of Tintin , the new motion-capture kids\u2019 adventure flick from Steven Spielberg, you\u2019ve probably encountered numerous opinions concerning the movie\u2019s pacing, its look, its faithfulness to the Belgian comic from which it was adapted, and so on. If you\u2019ve been reading"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mainwaring Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms Mainwaring Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms [PAR] Mainwaring Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms [PAR] Buy JPG Image \u00bb [PAR] Mainwaring is one of the many new names that came to England following the Norman Conquest of 1066. The Mainwaring family lived in a place that in Anglo-Norman French was named Mesnil Warin, which means domain of Warin. The Mesnil-Garin's were a well-known Norman family. The family name Mainwaring was brought to England after the Norman Conquest , when William the Conqueror gave his friends and relatives most of the land formerly owned by Anglo-Saxon aristocrats. The Normans frequently used the name of their estate in Normandy as part of their name. They also imported a vast number of Norman French personal names, which largely replaced traditional Old English personal names among the upper and middle classes. [PAR] Mainwaring Early Origins [PAR] Buy PDF History \u00bb [PAR] The surname Mainwaring was first found in Cheshire where \"Randulphus de Mesniwarin, who accompanied William the Conqueror, and received from him Warmingham, Peover, and thirteen other lordships in Cheshire , together with one in Norfolk . His descendants spread into many branches in Cheshire, and into northern counties.\" [1] CITATION[CLOSE] [PAR] Lowe, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print. Sir William Dugdale stated \"the name of this celebrated family has been spelt in the astonishing number of one hundred and thirty-five forms, in old records and more modern writings.\" Also in Cheshire, Ashton was an ancient family seat . \"The manor [of Ashton] was held in the reign of Edward I . by the Mainwaring family, from whom it descended by female heirs to the Veres and Trussells.\" [2] CITATION[CLOSE] [PAR] Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research, 1848, Print. However some of the family were found south in Devon . \"In the reign of Elizabeth the manor [of Sidmouth] was leased to Sir William Perryan, and in that of James I. to Sir Christopher Mainwaring; it was subsequently sold to Sir Edmond Prideaux, with the exception of the great tithes, which were given to Wadham College.\" [2] CITATION[CLOSE] [PAR] Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research, 1848, Print. And another branch of the family was found at Baddiley in Cheshire . \"Baddiley Hall, once the noble residence of the Mainwarings, is now a farmhouse.\" [2] CITATION[CLOSE] [PAR] Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research, 1848, Print. [PAR] Mainwaring Spelling Variations [PAR] Mainwaring Spelling Variations [PAR] Anglo-Norman names tend to be marked by an enormous number of spelling variations . This is largely due to the fact that Old and Middle English lacked any spelling rules when Norman French was introduced in the 11th century. The languages of the English courts at that time were French and Latin. These various languages mixed quite freely in the evolving social milieu. The final element of this mix is that medieval scribes spelled words according to their sounds rather than any definite rules, so a name was often spelled in as many different ways as the number of documents it appeared in. The name was spelled Mainwaring, Maynwaring, Mannering and others. [PAR] Mainwaring Early History [PAR] Mainwaring Early History [PAR] This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Mainwaring research. Another 275 words (20 lines of text) covering the years 1515, 1589, 1661, 1634, 1625, 1661, 1623, 1689, 1660, 1656, 1702, 1689, 1702, 1586, 1653 and 1616"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] B J Hunnicutt vs Trapper John McIntyre - Difference and ... B J Hunnicutt vs Trapper John McIntyre - Difference and Comparison | Diffen [PAR] B J Hunnicutt vs. Trapper John McIntyre [PAR] Captains B. J. Hunnicutt and \"Trapper\" John McIntyre are fictional characters from the television series M*A*S*H. [PAR] Comparison chart [PAR] B J Hunnicutt versus Trapper John McIntyre comparison chart [PAR] B J Hunnicutt [PAR] M*A*S*H: A Novel About Three Army Doctors [PAR] Last appearance [PAR] \"Elusive Butterfly\" (Trapper John, M.D.) [PAR] Rank [PAR] Wayne Rogers (for M*A*S*H) and Pernell Roberts (for Trapper John, M.D.) [PAR] Introduction (from Wikipedia) [PAR] Captain B. J. Hunnicutt, played by Mike Farrell, is a fictional character in the TV show M*A*S*H, which ran from 1972-1983 on CBS. [PAR] \"Trapper\" John Francis Xavier McIntyre is a fictional character in Richard Hooker's M*A*S*H novels, as well as the film and the two TV series (M*A*S*H and Trapper John, M.D.) that followed them. [PAR] Portrayer of Trapper John McIntyre on TV [PAR] Wayne Rogers, who portrayed \"Trapper\" in the TV series, was told when he accepted the role that Trapper and Hawkeye would be equally important, almost interchangeable (much like how Hawkeye and Trapper were presented in the MASH film). However, that changed radically when Alan Alda was cast as Hawkeye. In fact, the producers gave the TV version of Hawkeye some of the character details of the film version of Trapper (in the MASH film, Trapper John is the 4077th's top chest-cutter and Chief Surgeon; in the TV series, Hawkeye is Chief Surgeon and references are made to him being the camp's top chest-cutter). [PAR] Departure of John McIntyre from M*A*S*H (TV series) [PAR] By the end of the third season, Rogers was fed up with the fact that Trapper was being treated as a sidekick instead of an equal. He was also greatly frustrated with the producers demanding that he sign a contract that included a \"morality clause\" which stated the producers had the right to suspend him or fire him if he took part in an acting project outside of M*A*S*H without their approval, which he refused to sign because he saw it as an absurd demand. Even though the latter half of the third season started to flesh Trapper out a bit, Rogers departed, and his character was written out of the series. After he left the series, the producers sued Rogers for violating his contract, but the case was dismissed in his favor when it was revealed that he never signed his contract. In light of the series' lengthy run, Rogers later admitted he regretted leaving M*A*S*H. Trapper John's final M*A*S*H episode was \"Abyssinia, Henry,\" which also included the final appearance of Col. Henry Blake (McLean Stevenson). [PAR] At the beginning of the fourth season, Hawkeye returns from \"R&R\" in Tokyo to find that Trapper has been discharged. Upon hearing the news, Hawkeye learns, an ecstatic Trapper ran through the mess tent naked. Radar had tried to reach Hawkeye in Tokyo to alert him of Trapper's departure, but without success. Trapper left no goodbye note but did \"give\" Radar a kiss on the cheek to pass on to Hawkeye, which he very reluctantly does. [PAR] Mentions of Trapper after his departure [PAR] Trapper John was referred to a few times in the series after his departure, most notably in an episode in which his replacement B.J. Hunnicutt, hearing of the pranks played by Trapper John, attempts to show that he in fact is \"the world's heavyweight scamp\". In the final episode, B.J. is discharged from the army and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] See the Kids From ' Hook ' Then and Now See the Kids From 'Hook' Then and Now [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] TriStar [PAR] It\u2019s been a little over 20 years since \u2018Hook\u2019 hit theaters. The film, which acted as a sequel to \u2018Peter Pan,\u2019 was directed by Steven Spielberg, and had a terrific cast of adult actors, including Dustin Hoffman, Robin Williams and Julia Roberts. Not to mention a memorable gang of child actors who played The Lost Boys. [PAR] In \u2018Hook,\u2019 Peter Pan has grown up to be a corporate lawyer, played by Williams. The now Peter Banning has to embrace his roots as Pan when Captain Hook (Hoffman) kidnaps his two young children. [PAR] In addition to Charlie Korsmo and Amber Scott, who played Peter\u2019s kids Jack and Maggie Banning, \u2018Hook\u2019 was full of child actors who were nowhere near as famous as the adult thespians Spielberg had put together. [PAR] So what has happened to all the little Bannings and Lost Boys since 1991? Some have continued acting, others have started interesting new careers, and one is among the biggest stars in the world. Catch up with the whereabouts of your favorite \u2018Hook\u2019 kids below. [PAR] Gwyneth Paltrow, Young Wendy [PAR] TriStar/Christian Augustin, Getty Images [PAR] Then: Gwyneth Paltrow played a young Wendy Darling in \u2018Hook\u2019s\u2019 flashback scenes. It was her second movie role, following her appearance in the John Travolta film \u2018Shout.\u2019 \u2018Hook\u2019 director Steven Spielberg is Paltrow\u2019s godfather, which explains why he gave the then-18-year-old a leg up on on the other young actresses auditioning for the role. [PAR] Now: Paltrow doesn\u2019t really need much of a reintroduction. She\u2019s an Academy and Emmy award winner, she\u2019s been in high profile relationships with Brad Pitt and Ben Affleck and is now married to Coldplay frontman Chris Martin. When she\u2019s not doing the acting thing in films like \u2018Iron Man\u2019 and \u2018Contagion,\u2019 Paltrow dispenses pricey and controversial lifestyle advice on her website goop .[DOC] [TLE] Captain James Hook - Villains Wiki - Wikia Captain James Hook | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Proud and insolent youth! Prepare to meet thy doom! [PAR] \u201e [PAR] ~ Captain Hook's most famous line. [PAR] Captain James Hook is the primary antagonist of the classic novel Peter Pan and its film adaptations. It is said that Hook was Blackbeard's boatswain, and that he was the only man Long John Silver ever feared. Captain James Hook (James is sometimes shortened to Jas) is a fictional character: the antagonist of J. M. Barrie's play Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up and its various adaptations. [PAR] The character is a pirate captain of the brig Jolly Roger, and lord of the pirate village/harbour in Neverland which neighbors the lovely Mermaid Lagoon. Most importantly, he is the archenemy of Peter Pan, described as \"boatswain to Blackbeard \", and \"the man that frightened Barbecue \". His two principal fears are the sight of his own blood (which is supposedly an unnatural colour) and one fateful crocodile. His name plays on the iron hook replacing his right hand, cut off by Peter Pan and eaten by a saltwater crocodile, who thereafter pursues Hook in hope of preying on him further. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Captain Hook is a pirate and, like all pirates, he loves gold and treasure. However, when Peter Pan got in the way, Hook lost one of his hands, which was soon eaten by a crocodile named Tick Tock. Ever since the crocodile ate his hand, it loved the taste so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mutiny on the HMS Bounty - Apr 28, 1789 - HISTORY.com Mutiny on the HMS Bounty - Apr 28, 1789 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Mutiny on the HMS Bounty [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Mutiny on the HMS Bounty [PAR] Author [PAR] Mutiny on the HMS Bounty [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Three weeks into a journey from Tahiti to the West Indies, the HMS Bounty is seized in a mutiny led by Fletcher Christian, the master\u2019s mate. Captain William Bligh and 18 of his loyal supporters were set adrift in a small, open boat, and the Bounty set course for Tubuai south of Tahiti. [PAR] In December 1787, the Bounty left England for Tahiti in the South Pacific, where it was to collect a cargo of breadfruit saplings to transport to the West Indies. There, the breadfruit would serve as food for slaves. After a 10-month journey, the Bounty arrived in Tahiti in October 1788 and remained there for more than five months. On Tahiti, the crew enjoyed an idyllic life, reveling in the comfortable climate, lush surroundings, and the famous hospitality of the Tahitians. Fletcher Christian fell in love with a Tahitian woman named Mauatua. [PAR] On April 4, 1789, the Bounty departed Tahiti with its store of breadfruit saplings. On April 28, near the island of Tonga, Christian and 25 petty officers and seamen seized the ship. Bligh, who eventually would fall prey to a total of three mutinies in his career, was an oppressive commander and insulted those under him. By setting him adrift in an overcrowded 23-foot-long boat in the middle of the Pacific, Christian and his conspirators had apparently handed him a death sentence. By remarkable seamanship, however, Bligh and his men reached Timor in the East Indies on June 14, 1789, after a voyage of about 3,600 miles. Bligh returned to England and soon sailed again to Tahiti, from where he successfully transported breadfruit trees to the West Indies. [PAR] Meanwhile, Christian and his men attempted to establish themselves on the island of Tubuai. Unsuccessful in their colonizing effort, the Bounty sailed north to Tahiti, and 16 crewmen decided to stay there, despite the risk of capture by British authorities. Christian and eight others, together with six Tahitian men, a dozen Tahitian women, and a child, decided to search the South Pacific for a safe haven. In January 1790, the Bounty settled on Pitcairn Island, an isolated and uninhabited volcanic island more than 1,000 miles east of Tahiti. The mutineers who remained on Tahiti were captured and taken back to England where three were hanged. A British ship searched for Christian and the others but did not find them. [PAR] In 1808, an American whaling vessel was drawn to Pitcairn by smoke from a cooking fire. The Americans discovered a community of children and women led by John Adams, the sole survivor of the original nine mutineers. According to Adams, after settling on Pitcairn the colonists had stripped and burned the Bounty, and internal strife and sickness had led to the death of Fletcher and all the men but him. In 1825, a British ship arrived and formally granted Adams amnesty, and he served as patriarch of the Pitcairn community until his death in 1829. [PAR] In 1831, the Pitcairn islanders were resettled on Tahiti, but unsatisfied with life there they soon returned to their native island. In 1838, the Pitcairn Islands, which includes three nearby uninhabited islands, was incorporated into the British Empire. By 1855, Pitcairn\u2019s population had grown to nearly 200, and the two-square-mile island could not sustain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long Does it Take Sunlight to Reach the Earth ... How Long Does it Take Sunlight to Reach the Earth? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Long Does it Take Sunlight to Reach the Earth? [PAR] Article Updated: 16 Oct , 2016 [PAR] by Fraser Cain [PAR] Here\u2019s a question\u2026 how long does it take sunlight to reach Earth? This sounds like a strange question, but think about it. Sunlight travels at the speed of light. Photons emitted from the surface of the Sun need to travel across the vacuum of space to reach our eyes. [PAR] The short answer is that it takes sunlight an average of 8 minutes and 20 seconds to travel from the Sun to the Earth. [PAR] If the Sun suddenly disappeared from the Universe (not that this could actually happen, don\u2019t panic), it would take a little more than 8 minutes before you realized it was time to put on a sweater. [PAR] Here\u2019s the math. We orbit the Sun at a distance of about 150 million km. Light moves at 300,000 kilometers/second. Divide these and you get 500 seconds, or 8 minutes and 20 seconds. [PAR] This is an average number. Remember, the Earth follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun, ranging from 147 million to 152 million km. At its closest point, sunlight only takes 490 seconds to reach Earth. And then at the most distant point, it takes 507 seconds for sunlight to make the journey. [PAR] But the story of light gets even more interesting, when you think about the journey light needs to make inside the Sun. [PAR] You probably know that photons are created by fusion reactions inside the Sun\u2019s core. They start off as gamma radiation and then are emitted and absorbed countless times in the Sun\u2019s radiative zone, wandering around inside the massive star before they finally reach the surface. [PAR] What you probably don\u2019t know, is that these photons striking your eyeballs were ACTUALLY created tens of thousands of years ago and it took that long for them to be emitted by the sun. [PAR] Once they escaped the surface, it was only a short 8 minutes for those photons to cross the vast distance from the Sun to the Earth [PAR] As you look outward into space, you\u2019re actually looking backwards in time. [PAR] The light you see from your computer is nanoseconds old. The light reflected from the surface of the Moon takes only a second to reach Earth. The Sun is more than 8 light-minutes away. And so, if the light from the nearest star (Alpha Centauri) takes more than 4 years to reach us, we\u2019re seeing that star 4 years in the past. [PAR] There are galaxies millions of light-years away, which means the light we\u2019re seeing left the surface of those stars millions of years ago. For example, the galaxy M109 is located about 83.5 million light-years away. [PAR] If aliens lived in those galaxies, and had strong enough telescopes, they would see the Earth as it looked in the past. They might even see dinosaurs walking on the surface. [PAR] We have written many articles about the Sun for Universe Today. Here\u2019s an article about the color of the Sun , and here are some interesting facts about the Sun . [PAR] If you\u2019d like more info on the Sun, check out NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide on the Sun , and here\u2019s a link to the SOHO mission homepage , which has the latest images from the Sun. [PAR] We\u2019ve also recorded an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inside the Human Heart: 10 Fast (and Fun) Facts - Heart ... Inside the Human Heart: 10 Fast (and Fun) Facts - Heart Health Center - Everyday Health [PAR] Inside the Human Heart: 10 Fast (and Fun) Facts [PAR] Next [PAR] [PAR] The all-important heart is constantly at work, pumping blood (about 2,000 gallons a day) filled with essential oxygen and nutrients to your body\u2019s organs 24/7. Everything about the heart and how it works is interesting, but here are some nuggets of information we found particularly fascinating. [PAR] The Heart Sits in the Center of the Chest, Not On the Left Side [PAR] Does this blow your mind because you\u2019ve always been told it\u2019s on the left? When we place our hands over our hearts to pledge allegiance, we actually go a tad too far to the left. The heart is located in the middle of the chest, snuggled between the lungs. [PAR] A small percentage of people are born with dextrocardia, a condition in which the heart points more toward the right side of the chest than the left. According to the National Organization for Rare Disorders, people who have dextrocardia with situs inversus (when visceral organs like the liver and spleen are reversed too) can live normal lives without any disability. [PAR] In many cases, though, dextrocardia is associated with other heart defects or other misplaced, and even missing, organs that might require surgery to correct. [PAR] The Human Heart Beats Around 70 Times per Minute [PAR] This is a ballpark figure. According to Mayo Clinic, a healthy adult heart should beat anywhere from 60 to 100 times a minute while at rest. Do the math, and it adds up to around 100,000 beats a day and 2.5 billion beats in the average lifetime. That\u2019s a lot of pumping. [PAR] Newborns have the fastest heartbeats, at 70 to 190 beats per minute, and the hearts of well-trained athletes tend to beat slower, at a rate of 40 to 60 beats per minute. [PAR] Faster-than-normal resting heart rate (called tachycardia) or a below-normal heart rate (bradycardia) could be signs of heart problems. [PAR] It\u2019s important to watch your normal heart rate over time, too. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found people whose resting heart rates increased from under 70 beats per minute to more than 85 beats per minute over 10 years had a 90 percent increased risk of dying from heart disease compared to those whose heart rates stayed around 70 beats per minute. [PAR] Having a Big Heart Isn't Necessarily a Good Thing [PAR] In the literal sense, an enlarged heart is a symptom of heart disease. For an adult, a normal heart is about the size of your fist. [PAR] An enlarged heart, termed cardiomegaly, can occur for a number of reasons, some temporary (stress on the body or pregnancy) and some tied to heart condition (weak heart muscle, coronary artery disease , heart valve problems, or abnormal heart rhythms). [PAR] Complications of cardiomegaly include cardiac arrest and sudden death (commonly seen in athletes), heart failure, heart murmurs, and blood clots, depending on the part of the heart enlarged. [PAR] And a Cold Heart Isn't Always a Bad Thing [PAR] Therapeutic hypothermia is actually a form of treatment for cardiac arrest. According to American Heart Association guidelines for inducing hypothermia, doctors cool a patient\u2019s body to 91 degrees F, 7 degrees below average, in order to slow damage to brain and other organs that begin when the heart stops and restarts. [PAR] Research published in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hilda Ogden - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Hilda Ogden | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Jean Alexander [PAR] Hilda Alice Ogden (n\u00e9e Crabtree) was a resident of 13 Coronation Street from 1964 to 1987 . The devoted wife of Stan , Hilda and her husband were the roughnecks of Coronation Street and had frequent clashes with their neighbours. [PAR] Hilda and Stan were life's losers. Due to Stan's drunken rages, two of their children - Tony and Sylvia - were taken into council care, and their other two children - Irma and Trevor - ran away from home. They lived on the breadline, with Hilda holding up to five charing jobs at once just to keep the house going, compensating for Stan who ducked out of work whenever possible to drink and laze around. No one knew Stan's flaws better than Hilda, who often had to nag him out to work, but for the most part she doted on him and defended him vehemently against his detractors. [PAR] Except for the rare social occasions, Hilda wore her hair in curlers and a headscarf. She was the Street's principal gossip and revelled in spreading it around, particularly if it could cause trouble. As a result, she had no real friends in the Street, and the neighbours treated her and Stan like a joke - a matter which greatly upset Hilda. As part of her continuing quest to gain the respect and envy of the neighbours, Hilda erected a mural on No.13's parlour wall. She also considered herself a skilled clairvoyant, and offered teacup readings for a fee. [PAR] Hilda was widowed when Stan died from a heart attack in 1984 . She lived at No.13 for three more years, taking in Kevin Webster as her lodger in May 1985 , and his girlfriend Sally Seddon in the following May . They married in October 1986 , and stayed on as lodgers at No.13 until December 1987 , when Hilda decided to move to Derbyshire to keep house for Doctor Lowther , whose wife had died only a few weeks previously from injuries sustained in a robbery that went wrong. He offered her accommodation in a cottage attached to his home. [PAR] Just before leaving Weatherfield for good, Hilda sold No.13 to the Websters at a generously low price, so they had somewhere to live without having to leave the neighbourhood. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Hilda Alice Crabtree was born to Arnold and Florence Crabtree of Silk Street , Weatherfield on 2nd February 1924 . She was the youngest of three, after Norman and Archie . [PAR] The Crabtrees never got rich from Arnold's earnings from his work as an embalmer, and Hilda spent her youth moving from one slum to another. Worst of all was Back Butler Street , although even in those circumstances Florence kept a good house and the fumigation crew never descended on the Crabtree household. [PAR] Hilda was educated at St. Joseph's Elementary School and left at fifteen, entering the working world just as war broke out in Europe. At seventeen, Hilda spent a week working in the office at Spencers, the funeral director. For most of the war she worked in a munitions factory, while living with her parents in Kitchener Street , but still found the time to have fun with her friends Daisy Shaw , Mollie Lancaster , and Maureen Hegerty , and even had a romance with American GI Ralph Curtis . [PAR] On one night in 1943 , after helping her inebriated Army boyfriend Harry Battersby"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Treasure Island: Novel Summary: Part 1 | Novelguide Treasure Island: Novel Summary: Part 1 | Novelguide [PAR] Treasure Island: Novel Summary: Part 1 [PAR] Part 1: The Old Buccaneer [PAR] [PAR] Chapter I - Chapter VI [PAR] Chapter I: The Old Sea Dog at the \"Admiral Benbow\" [PAR] Treasure Island is narrated by Jim Hawkins. The events take place in southwest England and the Caribbean at some unspecified time in the eighteenth century. Jim is a boy who lives with his parents at the Admiral Benbow inn, in southwest England, near the port city of Bristol. An old seaman takes up lodging at the inn. No one knows much about him. He drinks a lot of rum but does not speak much, and he seems wary. He tells Jim to look out for \"the seafaring man with one leg,\" and let him know when the man appears. Some people are afraid of the man they know only as the captain, largely because of the seafaring stories he tells about hangings and walking the plank and other horrors. When Dr. Livesey, the family physician, comes to attend to Jim's dying father, he encounters the captain. They quarrel, and the captain draws a knife on the doctor. The doctor calmly faces him down. [PAR] Chapter II: Black Dog Appears and Disappears [PAR] One January, a man arrives at the inn, asking about his friend named Billy. He means the old seaman, whom Jim still knows only as the captain. The captain is out for a walk, and when he returns, the stranger appears frightened. The captain identifies the stranger, who is missing two fingers from his hand, as Black Dog. They are old shipmates. They sit and talk, but soon quarrel, and Black Dog runs away. The captain calls for some rum. He appears to be wounded, and at that moment Dr. Livesey arrives. He says the captain has had a stroke, and treats him, telling him to stay off rum. [PAR] Chapter III: The Black Spot [PAR] At noon, the captain insists that Jim bring him some rum. He says that a number of men, including Black Dog, are after his old sea chest, but he does not say why. All the men are former crew members of Captain Flint, a notorious pirate. This includes the captain, whose name turns out to be Billy Bones. Bones was Flint's first mate. He fears the other men will give him the black spot, and when Jim inquires what this is, he merely replies that it is a summons. He means it is a notice of death. [PAR] Jim's father dies that evening. The day after the funeral, a blind man arrives at the inn wearing an old tattered sea cloak. Jim thinks he is a dreadful-looking man. He asks Jim to take him to the captain. His voice is cruel. When the two men meet, the blind man places something in the palm of the captain's hand. Then he leaves immediately. The captain is struck by a fit and dies. [PAR] Chapter IV: The Sea Chest [PAR] Jim and his mother go to the nearest hamlet for help. But when the people there hear the story, they are too frightened to give them much assistance. Jim and his mother return to the inn and decide to open the captain's sea chest. They also find the piece of paper that Black Dog gave to the captain. It is blackened on one side. On the other is written, \"You have till ten tonight.\" It is still six o'clock as they open the chest,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Only Fools and Horses.... (TV Series 1981\u20132003) - IMDb Only Fools and Horses.... (TV Series 1981\u20132003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Classic comedy following the misadventures of two Wheeler Dealer brothers Del Boy and Rodney Trotter who scrape their living by selling dodgy goods believing that next year they will be millionaires. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] The Nag's Head regulars head to the seaside town of Margate for an eventful day trip. [PAR] 9.6 [PAR] Raquel is nervous when she prepares to introduce her parents to Del Boy, following a long rift with them. As usual, Del is determined to make sure they have a meeting to remember. Meanwhile, Rodney ... [PAR] 9.6 [PAR] Arnie, a jeweller who retired early on health grounds, sells Del and his mates some gold chains but then says he wants them back for a previous customer. However he will ensure that he gets double ... [PAR] 9.4 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 06 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 15 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 23 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 31 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2015 [PAR] Title: Only Fools and Horses.... (1981\u20132003) [PAR] 8.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 17 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Hotel owner Basil Fawlty's incompetence, short fuse, and arrogance form a combination that ensures accidents and trouble are never far away. [PAR] Stars: John Cleese, Prunella Scales, Andrew Sachs [PAR] Stuck in the middle of World War I, Captain Edmund Blackadder does his best to escape the banality of the war. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Stephen Fry [PAR] Crazy sitcom about 3 priests and their housekeeper who live on Craggy Island, not the peaceful and quiet part of Ireland it seems! [PAR] Stars: Dermot Morgan, Ardal O'Hanlon, Frank Kelly [PAR] In the Tudor court of Elizabeth I, Lord Edmund Blackadder strives to win Her Majesty's favour while attempting to avoid a grisly fate should he offend her. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Tim McInnerny [PAR] In the Regency era, Mr E. Blackadder serves as butler to the foppish numskull Prince George amidst the fads and crazes of the time. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Hugh Laurie [PAR] Follows four friends and their antics during their final years of school. [PAR] Stars: Simon Bird, James Buckley, Blake Harrison [PAR] Red Dwarf (TV Series 1988) [PAR] Comedy | Sci-Fi [PAR] The adventures of the last human alive and his friends, stranded three million years into deep space on the mining ship Red Dwarf. [PAR] Stars: Chris Barrie, Craig Charles, Danny John-Jules [PAR] Alan Partridge a failed television presenter whose previous exploits had featured in the chat-show parody Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, and who is now presenting a programed on local radio in Norwich. [PAR] Stars: Steve Coogan, Phil Cornwell, Simon Greenall [PAR] The story of an office that faces closure when the company decides to downsize its branches. A documentary film crew follow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daphne du Maurier on Pinterest | Cornwall, Alfred ... 1000+ images about Daphne du Maurier on Pinterest | Cornwall, The shorts and Browning [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] Daphne du Maurier [PAR] 87 Pins2.48k Followers [PAR] Dame Daphne du Maurier was a British author and playwright. Many of her works have been adapted into films, including the novels Rebecca (which won the Best Picture Oscar in 1941) and Jamaica Inn and the short stories \"The Birds\" and \"Don't Look Now\". The first three were directed by Alfred Hitchcock.[DOC] [TLE] Alfred Hitchcock | Jamaica Inn (1939) [Thriller] - YouTube Alfred Hitchcock | Jamaica Inn (1939) [Thriller] - YouTube [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock | Jamaica Inn (1939) [Thriller] [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 29, 2012 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Edinburgh of Rankin & Rebus Feature Page on ... The Edinburgh of Rankin & Rebus Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland [PAR] The Edinburgh of Rankin & Rebus [PAR] Leith & the River Forth from Calton Hill [PAR] [PAR] Edinburgh is home to author Ian Rankin and to his best known creation, Inspector John Rebus. Rebus is the focus of a series of detective novels that have sold millions of copies worldwide in 20 languages. But the city is not just the backdrop to the Rebus novels, it is also a central character in most of them. Through Rebus many people have come to know Edinburgh less as the beautiful capital of a newly reborn nation than as a starkly monochrome city of crime, sleaze and overstressed police. [PAR] You can experience the Edinburgh of Rankin & Rebus from the gripping pages of the novels, and find out more from the official fan site. But a growing number of people from all corners of the globe are travelling to Edinburgh to see the actual locations from the books for themselves: the pubs, the public buildings, the police station where Rebus works and even the mortuary where autopsies on victims are held. [PAR] The best way to follow in the footsteps of Edinburgh's most celebrated detective is by taking one of several Rebus guided walks operated by Rebustours. These two-hour walking tours introduce you to the world of Rebus and show you a variety of historic locations not normally part of the conventional tourist trail. More information and online booking is available from the Rebustours website. [PAR] Each two-hour walk is different, with a brand new one on offer which takes a route through the Old Town, past the Holyrood Scottish Parliament site and then through some charming Regency terraces overlooking Arthur's Seat, the craggy landscape that dominates many of the books. A more established Rebus walk follows the hidden Water of Leith in the city centre which takes as its theme the connections between Robert Louis Stevenson and Ian Rankin's books. [PAR] Judging by worldwide sales and by the thousands of fans who flock to Ian Rankin's book-signings and appearances at events across the world, his fan base extends to millions of readers, many of whom have not yet visited Edinburgh but who are nonetheless fascinated by his depiction of John Rebus, the grumpy, dishevelled, divorced and dysfunctional Edinburgh detective. The character's very name is a giveaway: a rebus is the Latin for a picture puzzle, a mystery that has to be unlocked [PAR] The first Inspector Rebus book was Knots and Crosses, published in 1987, and Ian Rankin admits he did not set out to write a series, still less a definitive crime novel. He saw it as a 20th-century reworking of Robert Louis Stevenson's classic The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Stevenson fully recognized the divisions within the Edinburgh of his time. For him it was forever a place of contrasts: rich and poor, good and evil, daytime virtues and nightly lusts, the slums of the Old Town overlooking the surface splendours of the Georgian New Town. [PAR] Ian Rankin, like Stevenson a graduate of Edinburgh University, acknowledges not just Stevenson as an influence but also other classic Scottish writers. James Hogg's eerie work Notes and Confessions of a Justified Sinner (1824) is regarded as one of the first psychological thrillers, Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes is based on his own teacher, the forensic expert Dr Joseph Bell, who was a formative influence on Doyle as a medical student at the University. Muriel Spark's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u2018The World\u2019s End': Cornetto Trilogy Tie-Ins, References ... \u2018The World\u2019s End\u2019: Cornetto Trilogy Tie-Ins, References, & Cameos [PAR] \u2018The World\u2019s End\u2019: Cornetto Trilogy Tie-Ins, References, & Cameos [PAR] Share [PAR] Comment [PAR] What defines a trilogy? A continuous narrative told over the span of three films, or recurring details and motifs? The answer is \u2018both\u2019, of course, but Edgar Wright\u2019s celebrated Three Flavours Cornetto Trilogy \u2013 comprised of Shaun of the Dead , Hot Fuzz , and capstone entry The World\u2019s End \u2013 happens to fall into the latter category. [PAR] Each film is self-contained, and respectively they tell stories of zombie apocalypses, small-town conspiracies, and homogenizing alien invasions. Yet they still make up their own varied trilogy courtesy of countless elements, themes, and ideas shared and explored across all three pictures \u2013 and Screen Rant has diligently catalogued the best of them. [PAR] From repeat-use of the same cast members from picture to picture, to the ever-present delicious frozen treat from which the series derives its name, here\u2019s our list \u2013 in no particular order \u2013 of the references, cameos, Easter eggs, and tie-ins of the Cornetto Trilogy. Note: this post contains minor SPOILERS for The World\u2019s End. [PAR] Let\u2019s get the most obvious one out of the way: the trilogy\u2019s namesake ice cream. Cornettos almost have their own supporting role in these films as the go-to sweet for all of Wright\u2019s principals. Whether it\u2019s Nicholas and Danny snacking in their squad car, or Ed blithely eating a cone after he and Shaun kill their first zombies, Cornettos make up the literal dessert topping of the series. [PAR] The notion of the Cornetto trilogy came from a wisecrack Wright, Pegg, and Frost made following Hot Fuzz. With fans clamoring for a third film, the trio joked about the \u201cice cream connection\u201d binding Fuzz together with Shaun, and later realized that both movies were alike in more ways than their characters\u2019 common fondness for frosty Cornetto deliciousness. [PAR] Which no one gets to enjoy in The World\u2019s End. The film contains nary a hint of ice cream\u2026until the epilogue, when a Cornetto wrapper (mint!) flies by a wistful Andy. [PAR] In each Cornetto film, Wright uses pubs as places for his heroes to let off some post-breakup steam, bond over some drinks, or revisit the good old days. He also inevitably turns those bars into zany battlegrounds, pitting his cast against undead sieges, murderous villagers, and alien invaders. [PAR] Halfway through Shaun of the Dead, Shaun\u2019s and Ed\u2019s go-to tavern \u2013 the Winchester \u2013 becomes their defense against the onslaught of zeds, not to mention the setting for some heavy personal confrontations. Meanwhile, Hot Fuzz\u2018s local pub serves as the backdrop for a blazing gunfight between Sandford\u2019s finest and the bloodthirsty townsfolk cabal. [PAR] Meanwhile, The World\u2019s End zips from one watering hole to the next, staging chases and numerous action scenes across the whole film. The most memorable of these, however, occurs in the Beehive, and while we won\u2019t give away more than that, the sequence \u2013 choreographed by Jackie Chan Stunt Team leader Brad Allan \u2013 is one for the books. [PAR] The great Russian author Anton Chekov believed that nothing in a narrative should be irreplaceable or without purpose; he famously stated that if a rifle is hanging on the wall, then it either must go off at some point in the story or it must be removed. Today we call this principle \u2018Chevok\u2019s gun\u2019, an expression about including only what\u2019s necessary in a dramatic work. [PAR] Wright clearly agrees with Chekov on some level"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Introduction to the Book of Exodus - About.com Religion ... Introduction to the Book of Exodus [PAR] Introduction to the Book of Exodus [PAR] Introduction to the Book of Exodus [PAR] Second Book of the Bible & of the Pentateuch [PAR] By Austin Cline [PAR] What is Exodus? [PAR] Exodus is a Greek word meaning \"exit\" or \"departure.\" In Hebrew, though, this book is called Semot or \"Names\". Whereas Genesis contained many stories about many different people over the course of 2,000 years, Exodus focus on a few people, a few years, and one overarching story: the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. [PAR] [PAR] Facts About the Book of Exodus [PAR] Exodus is the second book of the Bible, the Torah and, the Pentateuch [PAR] Exodus has 40 Chapters & 1,213 Verses [PAR] Exodus starts 300 years after Genesis ends [PAR] Chapter & verse divisions are of Christian origin [PAR] [PAR] Moses: Leads the Hebrews out of Egypt and towards Canaan . [PAR] Aaron: Moses' older brother [PAR] Pharaoh: Unnamed ruler of Egypt, responsible for keeping the Hebrews enslaved [PAR] [PAR] Who Wrote the Book of Exodus? [PAR] Traditionally the authorship of the Book of Exodus was ascribed to Moses, but scholars began to reject that in the 19th century. [PAR] With the development of the Documentary Hypothesis , the scholarly view on who wrote Exodus has settled around an early version being written by the Yahwist author in the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BCE and the final form being put together in the 5th century BCE. [PAR] [PAR] When Was the Book of Exodus Written? [PAR] The earliest version of Exodus probably wasn't written any earlier than the 6th century BCE, during the exile in Babylon. Exodus was probably in its final form, more or less, by the 5th century BCE but some believe that revisions continued down through the 4th century BCE. [PAR] [PAR] When Did the Exodus Occur? [PAR] Whether the exodus described in the Book of Exodus even occurred is debated \u2014 no archaeological evidence whatsoever has been found for anything like it. What's more, the exodus as described is impossible given the number of people. Thus some scholars argue that there was no \"mass exodus,\" but rather a long-term migration from Egypt to Canaan. [PAR] Among those who believe that a mass exodus did occur, there is debate over whether it occurred earlier or later. Some believe that it occurred under the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep II, who ruled from 1450 to 1425 BCE. Others believe that it occurred under Rameses II, who ruled from 1290 to 1224 BCE. [PAR] [PAR] Book of Exodus Summary [PAR] Exodus 1-2: By the end of Genesis, Jacob and his family had all moved to Egypt and become wealthy. Apparently this created jealousy and, over time, Jacob's descendants were enslaved. As their numbers grew, so did the fear that they would pose a threat. [PAR] Thus at the beginning of Exodus we read about the pharaoh ordering the death of all newborn boys among the slaves. One woman saves her son and sets him afloat on the Nile where he's found by the pharaoh's daughter. He's named Moses and must later flee Egypt after killing an overseer beating a slave. [PAR] Exodus 2-15: While in exile Moses is confronted by God in the form of a burning bush and ordered to free the Israelites. Moses returns as instructed and goes before the pharaoh to demand the release of all the Israelite slaves. Pharaoh refuses and is punished with ten plagues, each worse than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Potter (book series) - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Harry Potter (book series) | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Harry Potter (book series) [PAR] Share [PAR] This article is not part of the Harry Potter universe . [PAR] This article covers a subject that is part of the real world, and thus should not be taken as a part of the Harry Potter universe. [PAR] All seven books together in a special edition box set [PAR] The Harry Potter books make up the popular series written by J. K. Rowling . The series spans seven books. The books have been made into movies by Warner Bros. Pictures with the last book split into two films. [PAR] The books concern a wizard called Harry Potter and his journey through Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . The stories tell of him overcoming dangerous obstacles to defeat the Dark wizard Lord Voldemort who killed his parents when Harry was 15 months old. The first book, Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone , was published in 1997 by Bloomsbury in London. The last book, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , sold more than 12 million copies in the U.S. [PAR] Beginning on 6 October , 2015 , the entire series was presented in a fully-illustrated format, with over 100 illustrations per title, by Jim Kay . [1] The 7 books were also all reunited in one ebook the same year. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Publishing [PAR] The French edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone ; Harry Potter \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole des sorciers in English Harry Potter at the Wizarding School. [PAR] It is said that J. K. Rowling sent her preliminary copy of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone to 12 publishers before it was accepted and published by Bloomsbury . [PAR] The following is an incomplete list of publishers of the books all over the world. [PAR] India : Manjul Publishing House (Hindi and its dialects) [PAR] Vietnam: Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tr\u1ebb [PAR] Poland: Media Rodzina [PAR] The Dutch version of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban [PAR] Titles of the series [PAR] The author published seven books in the Harry Potter series, as well as numerous complementary books. You can get all seven eBooks as one download on Pottermore with Harry Potter: The Complete Collection . A sequel to the original series, Harry Potter and the Cursed Child was released July 31st, 2016. [PAR] Original series [PAR] The following is a list of the seven books in the Harry Potter Series. Each novel corresponds to a year-long period of time, usually in reference to Harry Potter 's year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . [PAR] Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\" in the U.S) (UK release: 26/06/97; US release 9/01/98) [PAR] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (UK & US releases: 21/07/07) [PAR] Sequel [PAR] This sequel takes place nineteen years after the events of the final book in the original series. It is unknown weather this will be a stand alone novel or the start of a new series. [PAR] Quidditch Through the Ages , a complementary novel to the series [PAR] Complementary books [PAR] Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: The Original Screenplay (19 November, 2016) [PAR] Audiobook editions [PAR] Since the inception of Harry Potter series, the stories have also been released as audiobooks. In the United Kingdom, the audiobooks were narrated by Stephen Fry , with Jim Dale handling the narration for the U.S. editions."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Second US President - John Adams - Sheppard Software The Second US President - John Adams [PAR] John Adams [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] John Adams was the second President of the United States. He was a member of both Continental Congresses and he signed the Declaration of Independence. He was the first Vice President of the United States. [PAR] In 1755, he graduated from Harvard University and then went on to study law before being admitted to the Boston Bar in 1758. [PAR] He married Abigail Boylston of Braintree, Massachusetts. Adams went on to write for two different newspapers under two different pen names. He argued both sides of issues using each of his pen names. He remarked that he was \"carrying on a dialogue with himself in the two leading Boston newspapers.\" [PAR] In 1770, he ambitiously defended British soldiers in the shooting deaths of five colonists in what was known as the Boston Massacre. He won the acquittal of the commanding officer [PAR] and most of the soldiers. [PAR] Adams always kept personal diaries, which revealed his true character; he was a much different man from the self-righteous, intellectual he seemed to project in public. When Adams was appointed to the Continental Congress, he made passionate speeches for the rights of colonists to revolt against England and its tyrant King George III. Adams was the first to call for [PAR] independence, but the other delegates, thinking that he was obnoxious, rarely listened to him. Adams suspected that history would judge him more kindly than his peers did; he was right. It later became apparent that Adams was politically or morally correct on almost all of the issues. [PAR] Adams was a member of the Declaration of Independence Committee with Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. Jefferson wrote most of the document and John Adams presented it passionately in Congress. The vote passed on the day that became Independence Day, July 4, 1776. [PAR] Adams served the new nation as a diplomat, negotiating the Treaty of Paris. He, John Jay, and Benjamin Franklin successfully negotiated the treaty in 1782 and 1783. In the treaty, Great Britain agreed to recognize its former thirteen colonies as the free and sovereign United States of America. From 1785 to 1788, Adams served as diplomatic envoy to Great Britain, a position that would later be held by both his son and his grandson. [PAR] Adams served as Vice President under George Washington because he came in second place during both elections. As Vice President, he limited himself to presiding over the Senate. His detractors called him \"His Rotundity\" because he was short and heavy. When George Washington refused a third term in 1797, Adams was elected President (1797-1801). [PAR] In 1797, Adams became the second President of the United States. He was the first President who belonged to a political party - the Federalists. The Federalist Party was formed while George Washington was President. The party believed in a strong central government. Adams, however, was an independent thinker and voted his conscience instead of the \"Party Line.\" This put him at odds with many in his own party. [PAR] While Adams was President, the United States government moved from Philadelphia to Washington, DC. Adams became the first President to live in the White House. The Department of Navy and the Marine Corps were established during his presidency. [PAR] During Adams' term as President, the dominant issue was the threat of war with France. He maintained his resolve to keep the United States out of war. Although the country's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Venus - Second planet from the Sun - Outer.space.frih.net Venus - Second planet from the Sun [PAR] Venus [PAR] Venus - Second planet from the Sun [PAR] Venus Image Courtesy [PAR] NASA/JPL-Caltech [PAR] Venus is the brightest planet in our night sky! At a distance of only .28A.U., Venus is the closest planet to earth, but Venus' atmosphere traps in such intense heat that it is doubtful that any person will ever land there. Another factor for mankind never having set foot on the closest neighbor to Earth is the intense surface pressure which would make standing on the surface of Venus feel like you were 900 meters deep in Earth's oceans (figure from: NASA). [PAR] Unmanned landers that have been sent to Venus have only lasted a few hours before being so effected by the heat and surface environment factors that they no longer operate. The surface temperature of Venus is hot enough to melt lead and this causes the internal mechanics of the landers to not function for very long. [PAR] If you were to be standing on the surface of Venus your body would feel slightly lighter than it does on earth because gravity on Venus is about ~91% of the gravity on earth. There is no water on the surface of Venus, and no oceans, but there are slight traces of water vapor in the atmosphere. The atmospheric water vapor never condenses because of the constantly high temperatures the planet experiences. [PAR] The atmosphere of Venus is a poisonous mixture of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid clouds. Consistently fast winds erode the surface much like a wind-blown desert here on earth, producing rolling sand dunes at the base of rocky mountain ranges. [PAR] The rotation of Venus is retrograde (exactly opposite) that of earths rotation, and our Sun sets in the east and rises in the west. The clouds on Venus rotate the opposite direction of the normal rotation of the planet, and this phenomenon has been the subject of scientific study and debate as the cause of it is currently unknown. [PAR] Discuss Venus in our forums: Venus [PAR] [PAR] Venus Statistics Table: [PAR] Things to keep in mind: [PAR] 1 A.U. is the distance from the Earth to the Sun, or 93 million miles ( 149.6 million km ) [PAR] Planets have elliptical orbits, and distances given are the average distance from the sun. [PAR] Measurements given in earth terms. If read \"days\" or \"years,\" earth days and earth years are implied [PAR] Date of Discovery [PAR] Average Distance from the Sun [PAR] 108,208,930 km"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greek Alphabet - Foundalis The Greek Alphabet [PAR] \ufeff [PAR] The Greek Alphabet [PAR] The alphabet is among the few linguistic elements that have remained essentially unchanged between the Ancient and Modern Greek languages. Before listing the letters, let us make a brief comment on the pronunciation of the language, as it evolved through the millennia. [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] How close is the sound of Modern Greek to that of Classic Greek? [PAR] Phonetically, Classic Greek would sound rather alien to contemporary Greeks, but don\u2019t ever say this to them! [PAR] It is an issue that most Greeks, even educated ones, ignore. (1) I suspect it is because the alphabet has stayed unchanged, so Greeks can read classic texts with no trouble at all (pronouncing in Modern Greek). After all, it all looks Greek to them! [PAR] If any (non-Greek) scholar attempts to pronounce classic texts in the reconstructed (2) pronunciation, that, to Greeks is tantamount to sacrilege. As a contemporary Greek myself , I can give you my personal feeling for how the reconstructed pronunciation sounds: it is as if a barbarian is trying to speak Greek. (3) For example, take the word \u201cbarbarian\u201d itself (which is of Greek origin): in Classic Greek it would be pronounced [b\u00e1r\u00b7ba\u00b7ros]. In Modern Greek, it is [v\u00e1r\u00b7va\u00b7ros]. In general, the second letter of the alphabet, beta, was pronounced as [b] in Plato\u2019s time, but was changed to [v] by the time the Gospels were written. Now, to the modern Greek ear, [v] is a soft sound (a \u201cfricative\u201d in linguistics), sort of smooth and gentle, while [b] is a hard one (a \u201cplosive\u201d), kind of rough and crass. The same can be said about the letter delta, which was pronounced as [d] by Plato, and as [\u00f0] (as in this) since around Christ\u2019s time; and the letter gamma ([g] in Classic Greek, [\u03b3] later [PAR] the latter sound is a \u201cvoiced velar fricative\u201d; click here to see the full repertoire of Modern Greek sounds). Greek readers of this text who do not believe that Plato, Socrates, etc., were sounding so barbaric, may take a clue from this very word: \u201cbarbaros\u201d was coined after somebody who, as a non-native speaker of Greek would produce incomprehensible speech, which sounded like... well, what? Could it be \u201cvar-var-var\u201d? Wouldn\u2019t it sound more barbaric if it were like \u201cbar-bar-bar\u201d? Besides this word, direct evidence for beta comes from a fragment of Attic comedy where it is said that the voice of the sheep is BH-BH. (4) In Modern Greek this would read as \u201cvi-vi\u201d, rather un-sheepish-like; while in the reconstructed way it would be \u201cbeeh-beeh\u201d, exactly the sound that we, contemporary Greeks, attribute to the animal. (If the reader would like to make a comment on the above issues, email to me , and let me know what you think; but please make sure to have first read the links that say \u201cEvidence\u201d on the rightmost column of the table, below.) [PAR] However, the truth is when non-Greek scholars attempt to pronounce Classic Greek in the reconstructed way, they think they pronounce accurately. To me, American scholars sound distinctly American (like Platos with spurs and cowboy hats), Germans sound German, etc. Probably nobody can reproduce exactly the Classic Greek pronunciation: we might know the rules of the reconstructed system, but when it comes to moving our jaws, tongue, and lips, something different comes out of our mouths. As native speakers of this or that language we necessarily carry over our native phonology. Finally, let it be noted that Classic Greek used pitch to differentiate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PERIODIC TABLE - Fact Monster PERIODIC TABLE [PAR] PERIODIC TABLE [PAR] FIND OUT MORE [PAR] At first glance, the periodic table looks very complex. In fact it is a large grid of every element that exists. The elements are arranged in order of their atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons each atom has in its nucleus. By arranging the elements in this way, those with similar properties (characteristics) are grouped together. As with any grid, the periodic table has rows running left to right, and columns running up and down. The rows are called PERIODS and the columns are called GROUPS . [PAR] Hydrogen (H) is the first element in the periodic table because it has just one proton in its nucleus. Helium (He) is second, because it has two protons, and so on. The periodic table can be coloured-coded. Often, each group is given a particular colour so that it is easy to pick out all the elements that belong to a particular group. [PAR] As well as a name, each element has a symbol, a shorthand way of writing the element in chemical equations. Often this is the first letter or two of the element\u2019s name, but it can come from a Latin name. Each also has an atomic number and a mass number. [PAR] GALLIUM [PAR] One element that Mendeleyev left a gap for in his periodic table was gallium (element 31). Mendeleyev called it eka-aluminium because he predicted it would have similar properties to aluminium. In 1875, French scientist Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered gallium. It has the exact properties that Mendeleyev predicted. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal with a melting point of 29.8\u00baC (85.6\u00baF). [PAR] BIOGRAPHY: DIMITRI MENDELEYEV Russian, 1834-1907 [PAR] This chemist was convinced there was an order to the elements. He collected information on each one and, in 1869, he published a table of elements on which the modern periodic table is based. He left gaps for elements he predicted would be found, such as gallium, germanium, and scandium. [PAR] GROUPS [PAR] There are 18 groups (columns) in the periodic table. Group 1 (also known as the alkali metals) is the column on the far left of the table. Elements in the same group have similar, but not identical characteristics. This is because they all have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell. You can tell a lot about an element just by knowing which group it is in. [PAR] INCREASING SIZE [PAR] As you move down one element in a group, there is a large jump in the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and a new shell of electrons is added. The extra particles make the atom heavier and the extra shell of electrons makes the atom take up more space. [PAR] METAL IN SPACE [PAR] An astronaut\u2019s visor is gold-plated to reflect sunlight. This shiny, hard-wearing metal does not corrode (rust), making it ideal for use in space, where materials cannot be replaced easily. Gold, copper, and silver belong to group 11. Group 11 metals are also called coinage metals, because they are used to make coins. [PAR] PERIODS [PAR] The properties of the elements across a period (row) change gradually. The first and last elements are very different. The first is a reactive solid \u2013 it catches fire when it mixes with oxygen \u2013 and the last is an unreactive gas. However, they have the same number of electron shells. All the elements in the third period, for example, have three shells for their electrons. [PAR] Magnesium is a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indiana Jones (franchise) - Lucasfilm Wiki - Wikia Indiana Jones (franchise) | Lucasfilm Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Indiana Jones franchise is an entertainment franchise, based on the adventures of Dr. Henry \"Indiana\" Jones , a fictional archaeologist. It began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark . A prequel, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , followed in 1984 and the sequel Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989. In 1992, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles , featuring adventures the character had as a child as he traveled around the world with his father, began airing on television. A fourth film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , was released in 2008. The series was created by George Lucas ; the films star Harrison Ford and were directed by Steven Spielberg . [PAR] The franchise has expanded beyond movies and TV. Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, and Dark Horse Comics earned the comic book rights to the character in 1991. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show. Numerous video games about Indiana Jones have been released since 1982. [PAR] In October 2012, The Walt Disney Company agreed to acquire Lucasfilm , granting Disney ownership rights to the Indiana Jones and Star Wars franchises. [1] [2] However, although Disney owns the intellectual property, Disney CEO Bob Iger says that Indiana Jones was not initially factored to its equation during the deal, as Paramount Pictures continues to retain certain rights to future film installments of Indiana Jones. [3] [4] [5] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) is set in 1936. Indiana Jones ( Harrison Ford ) is assigned by government agents to locate the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis do, to make them invincible like the Israelites in the Old Testament, who revered it as the dwelling place of God. The Nazis are being helped by Indiana's nemesis Ren\u00e9 Belloq ( Paul Freeman ). With the help of his old flame Marion Ravenwood ( Karen Allen ) and Sallah ( John Rhys-Davies ), Indiana manages to recover the Ark in Egypt . The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion. Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, they are all killed gruesomely by the Ark's wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark back to America, where it is stored in a secret government warehouse. [PAR] Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) is set in 1935, a year before Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott ( Kate Capshaw ) and his twelve-year-old sidekick Short Round ( Jonathan Ke Quan ). The trio crash-land in India , where they come across a village whose children have been kidnapped. A destructive cult led by Mola Ram ( Amrish Puri ) has also taken the holy Sankara Stones, which they will use to take over the world. Indiana manages to overcome Mola Ram's evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. [PAR] Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) opens in 1912 with a thirteen-year-old Indiana ("
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vampire - The Arcana Wiki Vampire - The Arcana Wiki [PAR] The Arcana Wiki [PAR] 12 pages with Map Resources . [PAR] Pages [PAR] Recent threads [PAR] Page tags [PAR] rating: +1 + \u2013 x [PAR] Basic Information [PAR] Vampires are according to most folklore and fiction blood-sucking nocturnal creatures of at least vaguely human-like appearance. [PAR] It is hard to define a vampire since in legends the attributes of vampires vary greatly, such as Bram Stoker's Dracula versus Stephenie Meyer's Twilight, some traits are more common like others however, but it is unrealistic to mention all traits attributed to a vampire. Here follows some of the more common ones. [PAR] Common Strengths [PAR] Superhuman Resilience (due to the undead state) [PAR] Superhuman Strength [PAR] Shape-shifting (often into animals such as a wolf, a bat, or perhaps a whole swarm of bats and sometimes into a mist or vapour.) [PAR] Mind-Control/Mesmerizing [PAR] Need to sleep in a coffin or other specific object/space [PAR] Repelled and/or injured by objects considered to be blessed [PAR] Inability to cross running water or large bodies of water [PAR] Unable to cross a domestic threshold without being invited [PAR] Compulsive behavior such as the counting of small objects, or unknitting of all encountered knots [PAR] Vulnerability to things considered to be blessed, such as crosses, holy water and sacramental bread [PAR] Required to drink blood. [PAR] Other powers and weaknesses will depend on setting - and sometimes on the vampire's ancestry. [PAR] Further Details [PAR] Here follows some more in-depth information on the topics discussed above [PAR] Strengths [PAR] Vampires are Undead Creatures [PAR] in most old legends vampires are essentially walking corpses , which has held true even up to recent days. The obvious aspect of it has been downplayed in most recent media however, and now the most common type of vampire looks like a slightly pale human. [PAR] Regardless this should (but sometimes seems not to) render them immune to most of the vicissitudes of life - including suffocation, starvation (with the caveat about their need to drink blood), disease and poison ing (with a few rare exceptions and, occasionally, issues of tainted blood) - electric shocks are also unlikely to be all that effective, their tolerance of cold and heat should be improved and it should be a lot harder to knock them unconcious (if it is possible at all) 1 . Opnions vary on the ability of vampires to heal any damage that doesn't kill them - in some cases, anything non-lethal simply doesn't leave a mark, in others, vampires can heal alarmingly quickly - especially if well fed. A vampire that doesn't have supernatural healing abilites should become disgusting quite quickly. How well it heals may be affected by what caused the damage - specific banes like wood, sunlight, fire and silver may be harder to fix. [PAR] Note however that many (but not all) Japanese vampires, especially in fiction, are not at all undead. [PAR] Vampires have Superhuman Strength [PAR] In the most popular legends vampires possess superhuman strength, often to great levels. [PAR] Many stories tell tales of vampires with the strength of ten, or even more, men. This is usually justified as an effect of whatever unnatural power keep them animate. This may or may not be correlated to implied secondary powers such as great speed, jumping ability and the like. [PAR] While almost all vampires seem to possess this trait, some folklore tales explain that vampires are very weak and frail, and thus must attack sleeping victims to avoid getting overpowered and destroyed."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The guide to British Cinema and Movie History Backgound The guide to British Cinema and Movie History Backgound [PAR] Dr Stranglelove [PAR] The Stagnation of the 70\u2019s [PAR] With the film industry in both Britain and the United States entering into recession, American studios cut back on domestic production, and in many cases withdrew from financing British films altogether. Major films were still being made at this time, including Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), Battle of Britain (1969), and David Lean's Ryan's Daughter (1970), but as the decade wore on financing became increasingly hard to come by. [PAR] Also in the 70\u2019s, spurred on by his success with Women In Love, Ken Russell challenged the censors wildly with \u2018The Music Lovers\u2019 and \u2018The Devils\u2019 only just managing to get a certificate. Likewise Roegs \u2018Performance\u2019 with James Fox was a shock to the system for many who saw it. But boundaries were gone by now and a couple of years later \u2018The Exorcist\u2019 was to hit the screens only to be banned after to many people fainted or were sick in the cinema! [PAR] The British horror boom of the 1960s also finally came to an end by the mid-1970s, with the leading producers Hammer and Amicus leaving the genre altogether in the face of competition from America. Films like \u2018The Texas Chainsaw Massacre\u2019 (1974) made Hammer's vampire films seem increasingly tame and outdated, despite attempts to spice up the formula with added nudity and gore. [PAR] Stanley Kubrick made Clockwork Orange, just about getting a certificate, Dr Strangelove and 2001: A Space Odyssey. In mainstream terms pure British cinema was diminishing and was to get worse before it got even worse. [PAR] Ken Russell [PAR] Rank [PAR] The 80\u2019s decline and re-emergence [PAR] The 1980s began with the worst recession the British film industry had ever seen. In 1980 only 31 UK films were made, down 50% on the previous year, and the lowest output since 1914. This decade also started the downward trend in self financing British movies \u2013 the Americans began to take over and really never looked back. When movies were made in Britain they were either American financed or had American directors / producers. This was in part because the market potential in Britain is too small to produce a profit return on anything more than the most modestly budgeted production. [PAR] However, the 1980s soon saw a renewed optimism, led by companies such as Goldcrest (and producer David Puttnam), Channel 4, Handmade Films and Merchant Ivory Productions. Under producer Puttnam a generation of British directors emerged making popular films with international distribution, including: Bill Forsyth (Local Hero, 1983), Hugh Hudson (Chariots of Fire, 1981), Roland Joffe (The Killing Fields, 1984), Alan Parker and Ridley Scott. Handmade Films, part owned by George Harrison, had produced a series of modest budget comedies and gritty dramas such as The Long Good Friday (1980) that had proven popular internationally. [PAR] Also in this era Sir Richard Attenborough was directing Gandhi (1982) and Lewis Gilbert - Educating Rita (1983). The later half of the decade saw general decline. That said there were still successful British actors and actresses around but the big budget blockbusters were now being populated by mainly Americans. [PAR] Following the final winding up of the Rank Organisation, a series of company consolidations in UK cinema distribution meant that it became ever harder for British productions. Another blow was the elimination of the Eady tax concession by the Conservative Government in 1984. The concession had made it possible for a foreign film company to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bela Lugosi - Biography - IMDb Bela Lugosi - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bela Lugosi [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 94 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (5) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (42) | Personal Quotes (13) | Salary (22) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' 1\" (1.85 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] It's ironic that Martin Landau won an Oscar for impersonating Bela Lugosi (in Ed Wood (1994)) when Lugosi himself never came within a mile of one, but that's just the latest of many sad ironies surrounding Lugosi's career. [PAR] Bela Lugosi was born B\u00e9la Ferenc Dezs\u00f6 Blask\u00f3 on October 20, 1882, Lugos, Hungary, Austria-Hungary (now Lugoj, Romania), to Paula de Vojnich and Istv\u00e1n Blask\u00f3, a banker. He was the youngest of four children. During WWI, he volunteered and was commissioned as an infantry lieutenant, and was wounded three times. [PAR] A distinguished stage actor in his native Hungary, Austria-Hungary, he ended up a drug-addicted pauper in Hollywood, thanks largely to typecasting brought about by his most famous role. He began his stage career in 1901 and started appearing in films during World War I, fleeing to Germany in 1919 as a result of his left-wing political activity (he organized an actors' union). In 1920 he emigrated to the US and made a living as a character actor, shooting to fame when he played Count Dracula in the legendary 1927 Broadway stage adaptation of Bram Stoker 's novel. It ran for three years, and was subsequently, and memorably, filmed by Tod Browning in 1931, establishing Lugosi as one of the screen's greatest personifications of pure evil. Also in 1931, he became a U.S. citizen. Sadly, his reputation rapidly declined, mainly because he was only too happy to accept any part (and script) handed to him, and ended up playing pathetic parodies of his greatest role, in low-grade poverty row shockers. He ended his career working for the legendary Worst Director of All Time, Edward D. Wood Jr. . [PAR] Lugosi was married Ilona Szmik (1917 - 1920), Ilona von Montagh (? - ?), and Lillian Arch (1933 - 1951). He is the father of Bela Lugosi Jr. (1938). Lugosi helped organize the Screen Actors Guild in the mid-'30s, joining as member number 28. [PAR] Bela Lugosi died of a heart attack August 16, 1956. He was buried in his full Dracula costume, including a cape. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: ReelDeal-2 and Michael Brooke <michael@everyman.demon.co.uk> [PAR] Spouse (5) [PAR] Slicked back hair and prominent widow's peak [PAR] Thick Hungarian accent [PAR] His pale complexion [PAR] The role of Count Dracula [PAR] Best known for his roles in horror films and particularly in films produced by Universal Studios [PAR] Renowned for treating even the most ridiculous of material with immense respect and his aggressive work ethic [PAR] Trivia (42) [PAR] Born in Lugos, Hungary (now Lugoj, Romania), from which he derived his eventual professional surname. [PAR] His son, Bela Lugosi Jr. , practices law in Los Angeles, California (1995). [PAR] Following his death, he was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. [PAR] Were it not for his death, Lon Chaney , rather than Lugosi, would have been the director Tod Browning 's choice for the starring role in Dracula (1931). [PAR] On the set, he camouflaged his drug addiction by sipping burgundy. [PAR] Contrary to popular belief, he and Boris Karloff did not hate each other, as the famous scene from Ed Wood (1994) would lead one to believe. Both men's children have said that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ images about Elizabeth bathory on Pinterest | Blood ... 1000+ images about Elizabeth bathory on Pinterest | Elizabeth bathory, Blood and Serial killers [PAR] Forward [PAR] Elizabeth Bathory was a 16th century countess in Hungary who was responsible for the murder of 200-300 young women, who were brought to her castle after being promised well-paid work as servants. They were tortured and killed. Atrocities include severe beatings; burning or mutilation of hands, faces and genitalia; freezing of victims; biting of flesh of faces and other body parts; surgery on victims; starving of victims; and rape and molestation of victims. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Intermediate-Level Science Projects: How Fast Are You ... Intermediate-Level Science Projects: How Fast Are You? Testing and Measuring Reflexes [PAR] How Fast Are You? Testing and Measuring Reflexes [PAR] Intermediate-Level Science Projects [PAR] Does Caffeine Increase Heart Rate? [PAR] Think about the members of your family, and the families of your friends. Not just your immediate family, but your extended family. You may have grandparents\u2014maybe even great-grandparents\u2014and aunts and uncles, parents, cousins, and brothers and sisters. [PAR] As you no doubt have noticed, there are bound to be lots of differences among the members of an extended family. Some are old, others are young. Some might be tall, and others short. You might have cousins who have very blonde hair, while your and your sister's hair is brown. [PAR] Additionally, when you observe members of your family, or of other people's family, you'll notice that some move more quickly than others. And, chances are, it's the younger folks that are running laps around the older ones. [PAR] The gradual slowing down that normally occurs as a person ages doesn't mean that he or she gets lazy, or isn't able to be active. There are plenty of people in their 70s, 80s, and even 90s who exercise regularly. Some even participate in long-distance walking, biking, swimming, and running competitions. [PAR] Generally, however, older folks tend to take a little longer to do something that involves physical movement than younger ones. Their bodies slow down, it takes longer to complete tasks, and they experience a slowing in reaction time, as well. In this section, we'll look at the issue of reaction time\u2014or reflexes\u2014and how it varies between younger and older people. [PAR] So What Seems to Be the Problem? [PAR] The problem that we'll attempt to solve with the experiment outlined in this section is whether older people have slower reaction times than younger people. [PAR] From the content of this section so far, and from your daily observations, you probably have an idea that indeed, that is the case. [PAR] Even so, it's a question worth investigating, and this experiment will enable you to do so. First, however, let's take a look at exactly what reaction times and reflexes are. [PAR] A person's reaction time is a measure of how fast they can respond to a situation or stimulus. Reaction times are linked to reflexive actions, or actions that you take without first thinking about them. [PAR] This science fair experiment uses an electronic toy to measure the reaction time of people of different ages. It's easily done, but requires careful record keeping so that you'll be able to track and record results. [PAR] Basic Elements [PAR] Reaction time is a measure of how fast a person can respond to a situation or stimuli. A reflexive action is an action performed automatically, without any advance thought. [PAR] You could use \u201cDoes Age Affect Reaction Time?\u201d as the title for your science fair project. Or, you could choose from one of these titles: [PAR] Testing Reaction Times of Various Age Groups [PAR] Is Reaction Time Age Related? [PAR] Reaction Time: Kids vs. Adults [PAR] Keep reading to see how the problem you'll be attempting to solve during the course of this experiment relates to everyday life. [PAR] What's the Point? [PAR] If you're driving or riding your bike, and the person in front of you stops without any warning, your reflexive action probably will be to slam on your brakes, or to swerve out of the path of the car or bike before you. [PAR] Scientific Surprise [PAR] You probably"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Francisco Scaramanga (Christopher Lee) - James Bond Wiki Francisco Scaramanga (Christopher Lee) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Francisco Scaramanga (Christopher Lee) [PAR] The Man with the Golden Gun, Paco, Pistols [PAR] Age [PAR] Francisco Scaramanga is the main villain in the James Bond film and novel The Man with the Golden Gun . Scaramanga was played by the late English actor Christopher Lee , who was also Ian Fleming 's cousin. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Film biography [PAR] Background [PAR] Francisco Scaramanga was a British national born in a traveling circus. His father was the ringmaster, a former Cuban national and his mother was a snake charmer. By the age of ten, he was part of the circus as a trick-shot pistol marksman; a skill which he put to use when he shot and killed an abusive animal trainer after the man killed an elephant that had befriended Scaramanga. [PAR] By fifteen, he was a gunman in Rio de Janeiro. He was recruited there by the KGB and trained in Eastern Europe where for many years he was basically just another overworked and underpaid assassin for the KGB. He quit the KGB in the late 1950s, becoming an independent hitman-for-hire. All of Scaramanga's dealings go through his diminutive accomplice Nick Nack , which allows Scaramanga to remain anonymous. No photographs of him exist, but he has unusual anatomy: a third nipple . As in the novel, it is shown that Scaramanga makes love prior to killing in the belief that it 'improves the eye'. [PAR] During the events of the film, he is at the very apex of his career. Consequently, Scaramanga lives very well, drawing from the exorbitant sums of money he charges to carry out his assassinations (\"Current price, one million dollars\", according to Bond's briefing), and has built his home on his own private island somewhere off the coast of south-eastern China (apparently part of a deal with the Chinese to carry out assassinations in return). Scaramanga lives alone, accompanied only by Nick Nack, Andrea Anders (his kept woman), and a mechanic named Kra who is in charge of maintenance and security. [PAR] Scaramanga also uses some of his wealth to finance research and development of technologies that rival those developed by MI6's Q Branch . Such technologies include his infamous Golden Gun , a car that transforms into an aircraft and a solar-powered laser cannon. In addition, Scaramanga also has a private junk, which Bond later steals to get off the exploding island. [PAR] The Solex Agitator [PAR] Hiding on a rooftop, Scaramanga prepares to kill Gibson. [PAR] In addition to his career as an assassin, Scaramanga is also a junior partner in Hai Fat Enterprises and personal assassin to the company's owner, multimillionaire industrialist Hai Fat . Prior to the film's events, a British scientist named Gibson was employed by Hai Fat to develop a solution to the world's ongoing energy crisis . With the help of Fat's construction company, a highly efficient solar powerplant is constructed on Scaramanga's island. However, following its completion, Gibson attempts to return to Britain; bargaining for immunity with a critical component of the powerplant: the Solex Agitator unit. [PAR] Having outlived his usefulness, Francisco is dispatched by Hai Fat to assassinate the scientist and recover the Solex. After meeting with his British contact at a Hong Kong club, Gibson is assassinated and his invention is stolen from the crime scene by Nick Nack. Scaramanga initially returns the device to Fat, but following James Bond 's interference, he instead decides to kill his employer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grace Jones - \"Bond Girls\" through the years - Pictures ... Grace Jones - \"Bond Girls\" through the years - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] \"Bond Girls\" through the years [PAR] Next [PAR] Ursula Andress [PAR] Ursula Andress is shown as Honey Rider in a scene from the 1962 James Bond film \"Dr. No.\" When Andress emerged from the sea, curves glistening, with a dagger strapped to her bikini, she made the Bond girl an instant icon. [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR] Shirley Eaton [PAR] Shirley Eaton is shown as Jill Masterson in the James Bond 1964 film, \"Goldfinger.\" She was the golden girl, because she was gold for the movie. [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR] Claudine Auger [PAR] Claudine Auger played Domino Derval in the 1965 James Bond film, \"Thunderball.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo [PAR] Molly Peters [PAR] Molly Peters (as Patricia Fearing) and Sean Connery are shown in a scene from the 1965 James Bond film, \"Thunderball.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR] Karin Dor [PAR] Karin Dor is shown as Helga Brandt in a scene from the 1967 James Bond film, \"You Only Live Twice.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR] Diana Rigg [PAR] Diana Rigg, who played Teresa di Vicenzo in 1969's \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service,\" is shown as Emma Peel from the TV series \"The Avengers\" in this 1965 photo. [PAR] Credit: AP Photo [PAR] Lana Wood [PAR] Lana Wood, who played Plenty O'Toole in 1971's \"Diamonds are Forever,\" attends an Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences special 50th anniversary screening of \"The Searchers\" on June 23, 2006, in Beverly Hills, Calif. [PAR] Credit: David Livingston/Getty Images [PAR] Jill St. John [PAR] Jill St. John is shown as Tiffany Case from the 1971 James Bond film, \"Diamonds Are Forever.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR] Jane Seymour [PAR] Jane Seymour (as Solitaire), left, and Roger Moore (as James Bond), are shown in the 1973 James Bond film, \"Live and Let Die.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR] Britt Ekland [PAR] Britt Ekland, who played Mary Goodnight in 1974's \"The Man with the Golden Gun,\" attends the opening film of The Edinburgh Film Festival,\" The Illusionist,\" on June 16, 2010, in Edinburgh, Scotland. [PAR] Credit: Ian Jacobs/Getty Images [PAR] Barbara Bach [PAR] Barbara Bach, who played Anya Amasova in 1977's \"The Spy Who Loved Me,\" arrives with her husband, musician Ringo Starr, at Hard Rock's \"Imagine There's No Hunger: Celebrating the Songs of John Lennon\" on Nov. 2, 2010, in Hollywood, Calif. [PAR] Credit: Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images [PAR] Lois Chiles [PAR] Lois Chiles, who played Dr. Holly Goodhead in 1979's \"Moonraker,\" attends the \"Special Thanks To Roy London\" screening at the Tribeca Film Festival, April 24, 2005, in New York. [PAR] Credit: Peter Kramer/Getty Images [PAR] Carole Bouquet [PAR] Carole Bouquet, who played Melina Havelock in 1981's \"For Your Eyes Only,\" poses for photographers during a photo call at the Cannes Film Festival on May 13, 2005. [PAR] Credit: AP [PAR] Maud Adams [PAR] Maud Adams, left, played the title character in 1983's \"Octopussy\" and Andrea Anders in 1974's \"The Man with the Golden Gun. Here, she poses with Roger Moore, center, and Britt Ekland from \"The Man with the Golden Gun.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR] Grace Jones [PAR] Grace Jones is shown as May Day from the James Bond 1985 film, \"A View to a Kill.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/United Artists and Danjaq, LLC [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From Russia with Love (song) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia From Russia with Love (song) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] From Russia with Love (song) [PAR] 2,128pages on [PAR] From Russia with Love is the theme song for the film From Russia with Love . It was composed by Lionel Bart, and performed by English singer Matt Monro . [PAR] Lyrics [PAR] From Russia with love I fly to you, [PAR] much wiser since my good-bye to you, [PAR] I've traveled the world to learn, [PAR] I must return from Russia with love. [PAR] I've seen places, faces and smiled for a moment, [PAR] but oh, you haunted me so, [PAR] Still my tongue tied, young pride, [PAR] would not let my love for you show, [PAR] in case you'd say no. [PAR] To Russia I flew but there and then, [PAR] I suddenly knew you'd care again, [PAR] my running around is through, [PAR] I fly to you from Russia with love."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On Her Majesty's Secret Service | Far Flungers | Roger Ebert On Her Majesty's Secret Service | Far Flungers | Roger Ebert [PAR] On Her Majesty's Secret Service [PAR] by Gerardo Valero [PAR] Tweet [PAR] \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" (1969) is widely considered one of the best James Bond films. This was no small achievement considering that the series had just lost Sean Connery , its bona-fide star who was clearly born to play the role. His substitute was George Lazenby, a model and actor from commercials who had never appeared in a motion picture before and hasn't been in many since. \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" came immediately after \" You Only Live Twice \", one of the most over-blown entries in the series (alongside \" Moonraker \" and \" Die Another Day \") in which dozens of fighting ninjas gave the look of a video game of sorts. The filmmakers clearly made an effort to bring the character back to earth and to provide their script with some character development, something that not even the early greats (\"From Russia with Love\", \" Goldfinger \") had considered. The resulting entry has a unique feel among the early Bonds that wasn't to be found again until the recent ones starring Daniel Craig . [PAR] \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" deals with 007's continuing pursuit of the villainous Ernst Stavro Blofeld, one that stretched through several of the earlier movies. The role was always played by a different actor in a radically different tone; occasionally bald and consistently fond of white cats. This particular head of S.P.E.C.T.R.E., as played by TV's \"Kojak\", Telly Savalas , is not the sinister creep with the unseen face of earlier movies, but rather a megalomaniac Goldfinger-inspired type who seems to have directly influenced the creation of Mike Myers' Dr. Evil. He wants the world to pay a ransom or else he will spread a virus capable of destroying its crops, with the assistance of a team of unwitting beauties of all races (in what looks like the cast of a 1960s Miss Universe pageant). As Bond becomes involved with the complex Tracy Draco ( Diana Rigg ), he'll unwillingly involve her in the action, resulting in two of the series' most unexpected outcomes. [PAR] To make up for the lack of Connery, the script goes out of its way to provide Lazenby with plenty of lines to remind us that his Bond isn't very different from the original. More than ever, he seems to be the ultimate expert on alcoholic beverages, gourmet foods and the use of witty lines in tense situations (Draco: \"I didn't think you'd accept a formal invitation.\" Bond: \"There's always something formal about the point of a pistol!\"). It's also no surprise that Lazenby's Bond turns out to be an expert knife-thrower as well as an Olympic-caliber skier the very first time he hits the slopes in the series. What is a little harder to digest is that this Blofeld turns out to be just about as good in the latter talent. \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" is a relatively gadget-free 007 entry but it's striking how Q Branch always comes up with just the perfect contraption for each mission. If Bond needs to crack a safety deposit box and copy the documents inside, Q will come up with the world's first safe opener to ever include a Xerox photocopier! The series here reaches the point of becoming self-aware, with Lazenby addressing the camera and saying \"This never happened to the other fellow\" as he first fails to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Felix Leiter - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Felix Leiter | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] All the major versions of Felix Leiter depicted in the Eon film series. [PAR] Felix Leiter is a fictional character invented by Ian Fleming in the James Bond books, who also appears in the Bond movies. In the films, Leiter works for the CIA , and assists Bond in his various adventures, although in Licence to Kill , Leiter had transferred to the DEA. In the novels, Leiter initially works for the CIA, then later becomes a private detective after suffering a catastrophic injury. [PAR] The name \"Felix\" comes from the middle name of Fleming's friend Ivor Bryce, while the name \"Leiter\" was the surname of Fleming's friend Marion Oates Leiter Charles, then wife of Thomas Leiter.[DOC] [TLE] Favourite Felix Leiter - Page 5 - General Bond Film ... Favourite Felix Leiter - Page 5 - General Bond Film Discussion - CBn Forums [PAR] Posted 27 November 2006 - 07:15 AM [PAR] My Felix list: [PAR] 1. Bernie Casey (seemed the closest to being Bond's friend and comrade in arms, the way he was in the books) [PAR] 2. Jeffrey Wright (very sharp, maybe the best actor in the role!) [PAR] 3. Cec Linder (too old perhaps, but he was an understanding friend to Bond) [PAR] 4. Norman Burton (Personable and slightly annoyed with Bond. He gave me a good laugh, even if he bears little resemlblance to Fleming's original) [PAR] 5. David Hedison (He'd be at #3 if he'd just done LALD, where he was very good and fit the \"friend of Bond\" role, but he was just too old in LTK and his acting, like most of the production, was subpar) [PAR] 6. Jack Lord (overrated in my opinion. He acts rather pretentious and seems to think he's the star of the show. His line reading is so stilted it's almost comedic) [PAR] 7. John Terry (Just bland, he makes no impact whatsoever) [PAR] 8. Rik Van Nutter (Seemed to think that he needed top do was to dress and act as cool as Bond in his role. It didn't work. At all.) [PAR] Posted 25 February 2007 - 10:19 AM [PAR] 1. Jack Lord (DN)- The most equal in stature to young Connery. [PAR] 2. Bernie Casey (NSNA)- Like lightning struck to make an unmatched friendship equally returned by Bond. [PAR] 3. David Hedison (LALD & LTK)- Most all-around Felix. And the only recurring one. [PAR] 4. Michael Pate (CR 54)- Yeah, Clarence, Sharply played. [PAR] 5. Jeffrey Wright (CR 06)- Almost 'John Terry' underused, but he was on the mark with what he did. [PAR] 6. Rik Van Nutter (TB)- Mirror image. A bit bland though. [PAR] 7. Cec Linder (GF)- More like a friendly uncle. [PAR] 8. John Terry (TLD)- Gone in a flash, but had a blip of promise. [PAR] 9. Norman Burton (DAF)- Why so grumpy?! [PAR] Location:Station CLE - Cleveland [PAR] Posted 28 February 2007 - 03:17 PM [PAR] I Don't understand why Jefferey Wright's ranking is so high. While he is a good actor, he had very little screentime, acted like a typical Hollwyood \"CIA Man,\" said \"brotha\" every other line, and dissapeared after the card game. Not to mention that I'm pretty sure Ian Fleming didn't have an actor of Wright's caliber in mind when he wrote the character. [PAR] We must have seen two different movies because Jeffrey Wright's Leiter never once said \"brotha.\" He did say \"brother\" twice which has a whole different meaning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna Lives to Act Another 'Day' - Madonna : People.com Madonna Lives to Act Another 'Day' [PAR] Madonna Lives to Act Another 'Day' [PAR] Email [PAR] Madonna\u2019s been a very naughty girl \u2014 but only for a few moments. [PAR] If you were among the legion of fans who turned out over the weekend to see \u201cDie Another Day,\u201d the latest James Bond thriller, and think you momentarily saw Madonna in the high-adrenaline flick, you\u2019re right. [PAR] In fact, it\u2019s probably safe to say more people caught a glimpse of her this weekend than during the entire run of \u201cSwept Away.\u201d [PAR] Not only did the Material Girl perform the Bond movie\u2019s title song, she enjoyed a cameo as the character Verity. Reuters reports that when Madonna was putting together the theme song, she mentioned to director Lee Tamahori (whose credits include \u201cOnce Were Warriors\u201d and 1996\u2019s \u201cMulholland Falls\u201d) that she wouldn\u2019t mind a bit part in the film. [PAR] Although the part hadn\u2019t been fully realized, Tamahori told the 44-year-old actress and singer about a small role, which he originally envisioned as a \u201cquasi-lesbian, dominatrix fencing instructor.\u201d [PAR] Plus, he promised the star \u201ca smashing costume,\u201d according to Reuters. [PAR] All in all, the New Zealand-born director says he was pleased with the appearance. \u201cIt\u2019s nice when you can just slip someone into the picture and they just appear and people go, \u2018Wasn\u2019t that Madonna?'\u201d Tamahori said. [PAR] Show Full Article[DOC] [TLE] Die Another Day | Film from RadioTimes Die Another Day | Film from RadioTimes [PAR] Our Score [PAR] by Sloan Freer [PAR] Director Lee Tamahori's fluid style and the relentless pace effortlessly propel this 20th James Bond adventure's intense action around the globe. From North Korea and London to Cuba and a dazzling Icelandic snow palace, the locations are inspired, even if the familiar \"quash the evil megalomaniac and unmask the traitor\" plotline is more preposterous than ever (invisible car, anyone?). Pierce Brosnan is on fine form (though he's let down by some poor CGI) as a betrayed and vengeful 007, combining the secret agent's usual charm and throwaway wit with true toughness and a streak of venom. Such character-broadening traits ensure that the format never feels stale, while the introduction of Halle Berry as a genuinely equal, if underdeveloped, female sidekick is a coup. There are only two \"cons\" to the movie and both involve Madonna - firstly, the singer's grating theme song and, secondly, her dire cameo as a fencing instructor. [PAR] Summary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Q (Desmond Llewelyn) - MI6-HQ.COM Q (Desmond Llewelyn) :: Allies :: MI6 :: The Home Of James Bond 007 [PAR] Place of Birth: Newport, South Wales, UK [PAR] \"Remember, if it hadn't been for Q Branch, you'd have been dead long ago.\" [PAR] Pleased To Meet You [PAR] James Bond first meets with Major Boothroyd, head of Q-Branch , at MI6 before being dispatched to Istanbul. The soon-to-be familiar gadget-master gives an impatient 007 a detailed rundown on his latest creation: a nasty bag of tricks in the form of a sleek brown attach\u00e9 case . [PAR] Personality [PAR] Boothroyd is a genuinely kind and resourceful man who has spent over 35 years of his life in public service. Having replaced his superior as the head of his department shortly before the \" From Russia With Love \" mission, the Major quickly earned his nickname 'Q', after his department. The name stuck and the man became a frequent asset to the secret service inner circle. In demeanour Q is the stereotypical boffin with an answer to everything. [PAR] \"Inside the case you'll find an AR7 folding sniper's rifle, .25 caliber, with an infrared telescopic sight.\" [PAR] He clashes wits with 007 regularly, and finds the agent's reckless regard for government property - and his painstaking work in particular - completely exasperating. Nonetheless, Bond almost always gets his way, with Q allowing Bond to field-test some of his most precious gizmos. It may first appear that Q has no time for practical jokes or humour, but this is not the case. He is, however, serious about his work and expects others to treat his creations with due respect. [PAR] Involvement [PAR] Q's work is simply too varied and his department's achievements too numerous to list in any detail. However, this dossier will give a broad overview of Q-Branch inventions utilised by 007 as well as the Major's involvement in James Bond 's missions. [PAR] The gadget-man would quickly become accustomed to working in the field - first assembling a makeshift laboratory in the Bahamas at 007's request, when the spy was tailing Largo on the \" Thunderball \" mission. Q has supplied equipment to Bond in the field numerous times since, including work on location in: Japan, Hong Kong, Sardinia, Rio de Janeiro , India, Isthmus and Germany. [PAR] Notably, Q went behind the back of his superiors on the \" Licence To Kill \" mission in order to provide 007 with anther infamous Q-Branch bag of tricks; this time including Dentonite Toothpaste , X-Ray Polaroid camera and a portable Fingerprint Signature Gun . The Major also gets involved in 'field work' - not for the first time - driving the Tug for 007 as he stows away onboard the Wavekrest and together with CIA pilot, Pam Bouvier , Q traces Bond's movements as he infiltrates Sanchez 's drug smuggling racket. [PAR] [PAR] Although he is unable to brief 007 in person on the \" Live And Let Die \" mission, the only documented case of this occurrence, Q-Branch issues Bond (via M) with an updated Rolex watch complete with magnet and buzz saw. [PAR] Q is clearly shaken by the death of his Indian colleague, Vijay , whilst on watch duty for the \" Octopussy \" affair. The gadget-master is unaccustomed to the stark realities of the field and it is finding his partner's masticated body that deters Q from frequent fieldwork. [PAR] \"Look, 007, I've had a long and tiring journey, probably to no purpose, so I'm in no mood for juvenile quips.\" [PAR] The department is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ' Harold sakata who played oddjob in 'Goldfinger ... ' Harold sakata who played oddjob in 'Goldfinger' remembered' \u2014 moviepilot.com [PAR] ' Harold sakata who played oddjob in 'Goldfinger' remembered' [PAR] July 01, 2015 at 05:19PM [PAR] By Baldwin Collins , writer at Creators.co [PAR] writer/author/businessman [PAR] Many james bond fans like myself, remember the late Harold sakata born on this day. Toshiycki Harold sakata born july 1, 1920 was an american olympic weight lifter , professional wrestler, and film/tv actor. a silver medal winner for the united states at the 1948 summer olympic games in london, England long before being discovered by the bond producers. [PAR] Was born in Holualoa, Hawaii of japanese descent. popularly remembered the world over as character oddjob bodyguard and Henchman to bond Villain Auric Goldfinger in 'Goldfinger ' (1964) The scene from the movie, which bond fans consider a master piece in film making, is the Bowler hat, a iconic weapon with it's steel-brim, used to decapitate the statue at stoke poges Golf club and also killing tilly masterson played by ( Tania mallet) [PAR] Sakata had appeared in many t v shows and films plus t v commercial's parody in parody style, he died in his hometown and country Hawaii july 29, 1982. The late harold sakata remembered R.I.P [PAR] Trending from our Creators"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Next James Bond Movie Won't Be Directed by Sam Mendes Next James Bond Movie Won't Be Directed by Sam Mendes [PAR] Next James Bond Movie Won't Be Directed by Sam Mendes [PAR] 439 Shares [PAR] Brian Gallagher | 8 months ago [PAR] Ever since the release of the 24th James Bond movie Spectre, rumors have swirled about star Daniel Craig, regarding whether or not he will be back to star as 007 in James Bond 25 . A few days ago, we reported that Tom Hiddleston has entered early talks to replace Daniel Craig as James Bond, but his involvement has yet to be confirmed. Today we have word that Skyfall and Spectre director Sam Mendes will not be returning to the helm for James Bond 25. [PAR] Associated Press caught up with the filmmaker, who confirmed that he will not be directing the new 007 movie. Eon Productions, which produces all of the Bond movies, has yet to confirm whether or not Daniel Craig will be back, but even if he does return, the actor will be directed by a new filmmaker. Here's what Sam Mendes had to say in his interview below. [PAR] \"It was an incredible adventure , I loved every second of it. But I think it's time for somebody else.\" [PAR] As for the rumors of Daniel Craig leaving the franchise, the filmmaker wouldn't clarify who will be the next James Bond . The director would only say that producer Barbara Broccoli will decide who the next Bond is, stating \"It's not a democracy.\" Tom Hiddleston has emerged as the favorite for the role, but others have expressed interest such as Jamie Bell and Idris Elba, who has become a fan-favorite for the role. [PAR] Earlier this month, we reported that producers were eager to get Daniel Craig back in that iconic tuxedo to the tune of 68 million pound. Which almost equates to $100 million in the states. This news arrives just days after bookmakers called off all 007 bets, with Thor star Tom Hiddleston reportedly securing the role. Thus far, Craig is the highest paid actor to have ever played the role, netting 38 million pounds for the first four movies, which includes 2006's Casino Royale, 2008's Quantum of Solace, 2012's Skyfall and last year's Spectre. [PAR] It also isn't clear who will distribute the new 007 movie. Sony Pictures' deal with MGM and Eon Productions ended after Spectre, and it's believed that Sony and Warner Bros. are in the running for a new distribution deal, but nothing is set in stone yet. As for Sam Mendes, it isn't ultimately clear which project he'll take on next, but he stated he wants to return to making stories with new characters. Stay tuned for more on James Bond 25 as more updates come in.[DOC] [TLE] Bond: Sam Mendes Says He Won\u2019t Direct Next Film | Variety Bond: Sam Mendes Says He Won\u2019t Direct Next Film | Variety [PAR] Courtesy of Sony/MGM [PAR] May 28, 2016 | 03:31PM PT [PAR] Sam Mendes , the Oscar-winning filmmaker who directed the last two James Bond films, \u201cSpectre\u201d and \u201cSkyfall,\u201d is done with the 007 franchise. [PAR] \u201cIt was an incredible adventure, I loved every second of it,\u201d Mendes said at the Hay festival, according to The Guardian . \u201cBut I think it\u2019s time for somebody else.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m a storyteller,\u201d he added. \u201cAnd at the end of the day, I want to make stories with new characters.\u201d [PAR] It\u2019s unclear whether star Daniel Craig will return for MGM and Sony\u2019s next installment. Rumors have swirled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: James Bond Ultimate Edition Boxed Sets Bundle ... Amazon.com: James Bond Ultimate Edition Boxed Sets Bundle: Sean Connery, Pierce Brosnan, Roger Moore, George Lazenby, Timothy Dalton, MGM: Movies & TV [PAR] James Bond Ultimate Edition Boxed Sets Bundle [PAR] Unlimited Streaming with Amazon Prime Start your 30-day free trial to stream thousands of movies & TV shows included with Prime. Start your free trial [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. [PAR] To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Vol. 1 (The Man with the Golden Gun / Goldfinger / The World Is Not Enough / Diamonds Are Forever / The Living Daylights) Vol. 2 (A View to a Kill / Thunderball / Die Another Day / The Spy Who Loved Me / Licence to Kill) Vol. 3 (GoldenEye / Live and Let Die / For Your Eyes Only / From Russia With Love / On Her Majesty's Secret Service) Vol. 4 (Dr. No / You Only Live Twice / Octopussy / Tomorrow Never Dies / Moonraker) [PAR] Amazon.com [PAR] The Man with the Golden Gun: The British superspy with a license to kill takes on his dark underworld double, a classy assassin who kills with golden bullets at $1 million a hit. Roger Moore, in his second outing as James Bond, meets Christopher Lee's Scaramanga, one of the most magnetic villains in the entire series, in this entertaining but rather wan entry in the 007 sweepstakes. Moore balances the overplayed humor of the film with a steely performance and Lee's charm and enthusiasm makes Scaramanga a cool, deadly, and thoroughly enchanting adversary. --Sean Axmaker [PAR] Goldfinger: To own Goldfinger (1964) on DVD is to have at your fingertips the proof that Sean Connery is the definitive James Bond. No one but Connery can believably seduce women so effortlessly, kill with almost as much ease, and then pull another bottle of Dom Perignon '53 out of the fridge. Goldfinger contains many of the most memorable scenes in the Bond series: gorgeous Shirley Eaton (as Jill Masterson) coated in gold paint by evil Auric Goldfinger and deposited in Bond's bed; silent Oddjob, flipping a razor-sharp derby like a Frisbee to sever heads; our hero spread-eagle on a table while a laser beam moves threateningly toward his crotch. Goldfinger's two climaxes, inside Fort Knox and aboard a private plane, have to be seen to be believed. --Raphael Shargel [PAR] The World Is Not Enough:Bond 5.0, Pierce Brosnan, undercuts his usually suave persona with a darker, more brutal edge largely absent since Sean Connery departed. Equally tantalizing are our initial glimpses of Bond's nemesis du jour, Renard (Robert Carlyle), and imminent love interest, Elektra King (Sophie Marceau), both atypically complex characters cast with seemingly shrewd choices, and directed by the capable Michael Apted. The story's focus on post-Soviet geopolitics likewise starts off on a savvy note, before being overtaken by increasingly Byzantine plot twists, hidden motives,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Netherlands Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols ... Netherlands Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com [PAR] (conversion rates) [PAR] Twenty Euros [PAR] Ethnicity: Dutch 80.7%, EU 5%, Indonesian 2.4%, Turkish 2.2%, Surinamese 2%, Moroccan 2%, Caribbean 0.8%, other 4.8% (2008 est.) [PAR] GDP total: $709.5 billion (2012 est.) [PAR] GDP per capita: $42,300 (2012 est.) [PAR] Language: Dutch (official), Frisian (official) [PAR] Largest Cities: (by population) Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, Eindhoven, Tilburg, Groningen, Breda, Apeldoorn, Nijmegen [PAR] Name: Netherlands comes from the Dutch word Nederland, which means \"lower land.\" [PAR] National Day: April 30, Queen's Day [PAR] It celebrates the birthday of the former Queen Juliana and is one of the largest, most vibrant celebrations on the Dutch calendar. Flags fly, music pumps and millions take to the streets for a national celebration. [PAR] Religion: Roman Catholic 30%, Dutch Reformed 11%, Calvinist 6%, other Protestant 3%, Muslim 5.8%, other 2.2%, none 42% (2006)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did You Know? - Border Between Scotland and England Did You Know? - Border Between Scotland and England [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] - Border Between Scotland and England [PAR] The border between Scotland and England stretches for 108 miles (174 kilometres) between the Solway Firth along the Cheviot Hills and the river Tweed, to the North Sea. [PAR] Hadrian's Wall, built by the Romans, ran further south than this, from Carlisle on the river Eden to the river Tyne in the east. [PAR] The town of Berwick on Tweed, at the mouth of the Tweed, changed hands between Scotland and England 13 times between 1147 and 1482 before finally becoming part of England. [PAR] Despite being in England, the football (soccer) team in Berwick (Berwick Rangers) plays in the Scottish League, the only English team to do so. [PAR] Use the \"Back\" button on your browser or click here to return to the Index of \"Did You Know?\" [PAR] Where else would you like to go in Scotland? [PAR] Links Pages"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bewitched (TV Series 1964\u20131972) - IMDb Bewitched (TV Series 1964\u20131972) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A witch married to an ordinary man cannot resist using her magic powers to solve the problems her family faces. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Endora and Clara have their powers switched when Endora is exposed to an extinct Do-Do bird. [PAR] 9.3 [PAR] After wishing to be his boss for a day, Darrin turns into Larry Tate. [PAR] 9.3 [PAR] Endora puts a spell on Darrin which causes his ears to grow anytime he lies. Unfortunately he has a surprise present for Samantha which he has to be sneaky about. [PAR] 9.3 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 11 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 21 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 18 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2016 [PAR] Search for \" Bewitched \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 4 Golden Globes. Another 13 wins & 27 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A United States astronaut finds his life vastly complicated when he stumbles on to a bottle containing a female genie. [PAR] Stars: Barbara Eden, Larry Hagman, Bill Daily [PAR] A family of friendly monsters have misadventures, never quite understanding why people react to them so strangely. [PAR] Stars: Fred Gwynne, Al Lewis, Yvonne De Carlo [PAR] The misadventures of a blissfully macabre but extremely loving family. [PAR] Stars: John Astin, Carolyn Jones, Jackie Coogan [PAR] Seven men and women are stranded on an uncharted island following a torrential storm. [PAR] Stars: Bob Denver, Alan Hale Jr., Jim Backus [PAR] A nouveau riche hillbilly family moves to Beverly Hills and shakes up the privileged society with their hayseed ways. [PAR] Stars: Buddy Ebsen, Donna Douglas, Irene Ryan [PAR] The Cunningham family live through the 1950s with help and guidance from the lovable and almost superhuman greaser, Fonzie. [PAR] Stars: Ron Howard, Henry Winkler, Marion Ross [PAR] The misadventures of two single women in the 1950s and '60s. [PAR] Stars: Penny Marshall, Cindy Williams, David L. Lander [PAR] The misadventures of a large family united when two widowed people married. [PAR] Stars: Robert Reed, Florence Henderson, Ann B. Davis [PAR] A New York City attorney and his wife attempt to live as genteel farmers in the bizarre community of Hooterville. [PAR] Stars: Eddie Albert, Eva Gabor, Tom Lester [PAR] A wacky alien comes to Earth to study its residents, and the life of the human woman he boards with is never the same. [PAR] Stars: Robin Williams, Pam Dawber, Ralph James [PAR] The misadventures of a suburban boy, family and friends. [PAR] Stars: Jerry Mathers, Hugh Beaumont, Barbara Billingsley [PAR] The misadventures of a TV writer both at work and at home. [PAR] Stars: Dick Van Dyke, Mary Tyler Moore, Rose Marie [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The young executive of an advertisement agency, Darrin Stephens marries a beautiful woman, Samantha Stephens. On their honeymoon, Sam discloses a secret to him: she is a witch with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sands of the Kalahari Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Sands of the Kalahari Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 56 out of 75 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Why didn't it get the recognition it deserved?.....A masterpiece of rarely equaled epic proportions [PAR] from Melbourne, Australia [PAR] 4 November 2004 [PAR] For those who believe that films no one remembers are without a doubt mediocre, look no further than the \"Sands Of The Kalahari\" - it may surprise you. It is beyond me how such a brilliantly crafted adventure masterpiece drama such as this was allowed to slip through people's fingers upon its release and escape to the forgotten dungeons of no return! For a film that hasn't been in print for 30 years, it is worthy of the title of greatest forgotten film of all time. [PAR] How could such a film, directed by the talented British director Cy Endfield (who brought you great monuments of cinema such as Zulu), with such breathtaking cinematography, famous British and American actors such as Stanley Baker, Stuart Whitman and Suzannah York, playing such complicated characters in a poignantly original story, filmed beautifully in Widescreen Technicolor of the 1960's have been treated in such an unjust manner is beyond our galaxy!!! [PAR] The \"Flight Of The Phoenix\" was a very similar film (equally as brilliant), yet received so much critical acclaim and box-office success upon its release. Geez it must have been James Stewart. Yet we have all noticed this: That if a film is not successful in America, then it isn't successful anywhere. Why? Because no other country in the world puts so much emphasis on advertising their films. It is why absolute garbage such as \"Spiderman\" robs people of their income and takes the throne as the biggest box-office draw of the year. But is this correct for such an 'explosive, action packed, predominantly CGI infested, plot less' mediocre effort in modern Hollywood film making? People have forgotten what a real film constitutes. [PAR] I have already forgotten Spiderman - except for its title! But \"Sands Of The Kalahari\" has lived in people's memories ever since it came out, due to it's brilliant execution and powerful story telling. Unfortunately not many have had the pleasure of seeing it, for it has been out of print for many years. [PAR] I am the proud owner of a copy of this survivalist killer of a film and every time I just want to sit back and escape our Predominant modern Hollywood world and watch a great achievement in the art of film making, I put in a film like \"Sands Of the Kalahari\" - a film that unlike most of the so called 'films' we see today, should have been embedded into our memories long ago as a 'classic'! [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 35 out of 37 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Exciting and frequently savage adventure set in the African interior. [PAR] from Todmorden, England [PAR] 31 January 2003 [PAR] Sands of the Kalahari sounds as if it is based on a book by Wilbur Smith, but actually it isn't. It features a top-drawer cast, some blazing African location photography, and a genuinely exciting storyline about survival in the wilderness. [PAR] The story deals with a plane crash. The survivors find themselves in the middle of the Kalahari desert, close to a barren, rocky outcrop inhabited by baboons. They manage to make a shelter in the rocks and await rescue,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Largest stadiums in every US state | FOX Sports Largest stadiums in every US state | FOX Sports [PAR] Largest stadiums in every US state [PAR] Oct 09, 2013 1:00a ET [PAR] Lambeau Field [PAR] GREEN BAY, WI - SEPTEMBER 13: A general view of Lambeau Field before a game between the Green Bay Packers and the Chicago Bears on September 13, 2009 in Green Bay, Wisconsin. [PAR] The biggest of the big houses [PAR] From the aptly named \"Big House\" in Michigan to a little baseball stadium in Vermont, here is every state's largest sports venue on the basis of maximum seating capacity. Though football dominates, there are a few wild cards in the mix. For the purposes of this list, we excluded auto-racing tracks, though all instances in which they would be No. 1 are noted. [PAR] Alabama -- Bryant-Denny Stadium [PAR] The Tuscaloosa home of the dominant Alabama Crimson Tide college football program seats 101,821 at full capacity, the fifth largest total of any stadium. Note: With auto-racing tracks included, Talladega Superspeedway wins out with roughly 175,000 permanent seats. [PAR] Alaska -- Sullivan Arena [PAR] Opened in 1983, Sullivan Arena in Anchorage seats 6,251 spectators and is one of only two entries on this list that is not primarily used for football. [PAR] Arizona -- Sun Devil Stadium [PAR] Located in Tempe, the home of Arizona State Sun Devils college football seats 73,378 fans, beating out nearby University of Phoenix Stadium \u2014 home of the NFL's Arizona Cardinals and the Fiesta Bowl \u2014 by about 10,000. [PAR] [PAR] Arkansas -- Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium [PAR] The Arkansas college football sanctuary in Fayetteville can pack in 72,000 screaming Razorbacks faithful. [PAR] California -- L.A. Memorial Coliseum [PAR] It's a tight race with the Rose Bowl, but the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in the state's largest city clocks in at a little over 93,000 seats, just ahead of its Pasadena counterpart's 92,000. Note: With auto-racing tracks included, Sonoma's Infineon Raceway would lead the way with 102,000 permanent seats. [PAR] Colorado -- Sports Authority Field at Mile High [PAR] Home of the NFL's Denver Broncos, the stadium in the state's capital seats 76,125, holding a healthy lead over No. 2 finisher Folsom Field in Boulder, which seats 53,750. [PAR] Connecticut -- Yale Bowl [PAR] The first of two Ivy League home stadiums to make the list, the home of Yale's football squad seats 64,269 and comfortably beats out UConn's Rentschler Field with only 40,000. [PAR] [PAR] Delaware -- Delaware Stadium [PAR] Aptly named, the home of the University of Delaware football team, located in the town of Newark, seats 22,000. Note: With auto-racing tracks included, Dover International Speedway dwarfs Delaware Stadium, coming in at 140,000 seats. [PAR] Florida -- Ben Hill Griffin Stadium [PAR] Florida has plenty of football cathedrals, but none bigger than the University of Florida's 88,548-seater. It's the 12th-largest football stadium in the country and beats out five other Sunshine State behemoths over 65,000. Note: With auto-racing tracks included, Daytona Beach's Daytona International Speedway takes top billing with roughly 168,000 seats. [PAR] [PAR] Georgia -- Sanford Stadium [PAR] The eighth-largest stadium in the country, the University of Georgia's hallowed ground sits 92,746 Bulldog fans, over 20,000 more people than can cram into Atlanta's Georgia Dome. Note: With auto-racing tracks included, Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton would be No. 1, seating roughly 125,000 people. [PAR] Hawaii -- Aloha Stadium [PAR] Home of the University of Hawaii's football team and the NFL's Pro Bowl, the Honolulu venue seats about 50,000 fans. [PAR] Idaho -- Bronco Stadium"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lincoln MKC vs MKX vs Navigator | Luxury SUV & Crossover ... Lincoln MKC vs MKX vs Navigator | Luxury SUV & Crossover Comparison [PAR] Additional Disclosures [PAR] X [PAR] Information is provided on an \"as is\" basis and could include technical, typographical or other errors. Lincoln makes no warranties, representations, or guarantees of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to, accuracy, currency, or completeness, the operation of the Site, the information, materials, content, availability, and products. Lincoln reserves the right to change product specifications, pricing and equipment at any time without incurring obligations. Your Lincoln dealer is the best source of the most up-to-date information on Lincoln vehicles. [PAR] 1. Base MSRP and base plus package price exclude destination/delivery charge, taxes, title and registration. Optional equipment not included. A, Z and X Plan prices are for qualified customers and exclude document fee, destination/delivery charge taxes, title and registration. Not all vehicles qualify for A, Z or X Plan. [PAR] 2. EPA-estimated city/hwy mpg. See fueleconomy.gov for fuel economy of other engine/transmission combinations. Actual mileage will vary. [PAR] 3. Towing - Properly equipped [PAR] 4. Option/Package price based on Manufacturers Suggest Retail Price excluding taxes based on 5% APR Lincoln AFS financing financed over 60 months. Not all buyers will qualify for Lincoln AFS financing. [PAR] 5. The Estimated Selling Price of vehicle less cash, rebates, and net trade in allowance. It does not include amounts for fees, sales tax, service contracts, etc. Consult your dealer for actual price and complete details. [PAR] 6. Special APR offers applied to Estimated Selling Price. Special APR offers require Lincoln AFS. Not all buyers will qualify. See dealer for qualifications and complete details. [PAR] 7. Special Lease offers applied to Estimated Capitalized Cost. Special Lease offers require Lincoln AFS. Not all buyers will qualify. See dealer for qualifications and complete details [PAR] 8. 2011 EPA-estimated 41 city/36 highway/39 combined mpg, 17.5-gallon tank. Actual mileage will vary. Excludes diesels. [PAR] 9. EPA-estimated 41 city mpg,17.5-gallon tank. Actual mileage will vary. [PAR] 10. Class is Luxury Midsize Hybrid Sedans vs. 2011 competitors. [PAR] 11. EPA-estimated 19 city/26 hwy/21 combined mpg. FWD. Class is non-diesel luxury midsize crossovers vs 2010/2011 competitors. Actual mileage may vary. [PAR] 12. SYNC is available on Lincoln vehicles. Features/functionality vary by vehicle/model. Driving while distracted can result in loss of vehicle control. Only use SYNC/MyLincoln Touch/other devices, even with voice commands, when it is safe to do so. Some features may be locked out while the vehicle is in gear. Traffic alerts and turn-by-turn directions available in select markets. Message and data rates may apply. Not all features are compatible with all phones. [PAR] 13. The Bluetooth word mark is a trademark of the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. HD Radio is a proprietary trademark of iBiquity Digital Corp. iTunes is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. All rights reserved. [PAR] 14. Horsepower achieved with premium fuel. EPA-estimated 17 city/25 highway/20 combined mpg. Actual mileage may vary. [PAR] 15. The Lincoln MKZ received the lowest number of problems per 100 vehicles among entry premium cars in a tie in the proprietary J.D. Power and Associates 2012 Vehicle Dependability StudySM. Study based on 31,325 consumer responses measuring problems consumers experienced in the past 12 months with three-year old vehicles (2009 model-year cars and trucks). Proprietary study results are based on experiences and perceptions of consumers surveyed October-December 2011. Your experiences may vary. Visit jdpower.com [PAR] 16. SYNC Services varies by trim level and model year and may require a subscription. Traffic alerts and turn-by-turn directions available in select markets."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CNN - John Denver killed in plane crash - Oct. 13, 1997 CNN - John Denver killed in plane crash - Oct. 13, 1997 [PAR] John Denver killed in plane crash [PAR] October 13, 1997 [PAR] Web posted at: 1:38 p.m. EDT (1738 GMT) [PAR] SALINAS, California (CNN) -- Singer and songwriter John Denver, whose '70 hits such as \"Rocky Mountain High\" and \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\" gained him worldwide fame, was killed Sunday when his small aircraft plunged into Monterey Bay, officials said Monday. He was 53. [PAR] His remains were positively identified by the Monterey County Coroner's Office through fingerprints obtained from the state of Colorado, Monterey County Sheriff Norman Hicks said. The National Transportation Safety Board was pursuing details on the cause of the crash itself, while the sheriff's coroners will be investigating the circumstances surrounding the cause of death, he said. [PAR] \"We share a sense of shock and loss to our community, our nation and the world, and we extend our heartfelt sympathy to the many friends, the family, and the many admirers of John Denver,\" Hicks said at a Monday news conference. [PAR] Denver was piloting the two-seat light plane along the California coast when the engine failed shortly after 5 p.m., plunging him into ocean waters just past Monterey Bay. [PAR] A L S O : [PAR] John Denver's Most Popular singles [PAR] His first taste of musical success was in 1969, when the folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary recorded Denver's \"Leavin' on a Jet Plane,\" which went on to become the Number 1 song in the country. Denver's voice first hit the charts in 1971, when \"Take me Home, Country Roads\" went to Number 2. [PAR] \"Country Roads\" was Denver's first million-seller. A string of hits followed in the 1970s, including \"Rocky Mountain High,\" \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\" and \"Annie's Song,\" an ode to his wife. They separated in 1983 and later divorced. [PAR] In 1977, Denver made his big-screen acting debut in \"Oh, God,\" opposite George Burns. He made occasional acting appearances over the years, but was better known for his television specials. Denver appeared in several Christmas shows, including two with Jim Henson's Muppets. [PAR] In 1984 and '85, Denver was one of the first Western artists to tour the Soviet Union following a resumption of cultural exchanges with the United States. He was also one of the first Western artists to go on a multi-city tour of China, in 1992. [PAR] Standup comics and newspaper cartoonists leapt on a 1988 \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" report that Denver asked Soviet space officials to launch him to the Mir space station. The cash-strapped Soviets were reportedly considering the idea, with a price of $10 million. [PAR] Denver's legal troubles have made headlines in recent years. Charged with driving under the influence in 1993, Denver pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of driving while impaired. [PAR] He was again charged with DUI when his Porsche ran off the road in his Aspen, Colorado, neighborhood in 1994. The trial for that charge ended with a hung jury in July 1997. Denver's defense argued that the singer's thyroid condition made alcohol tests unreliable. [PAR] In August 1997, \"The Best of John Denver Live\" reached Number 47 on the country album charts. It was Denver's first chart appearance since 1988.[DOC] [TLE] Plane Design Faulted In John Denver 's Airplane Crash Plane Design Faulted In John Denver's Airplane Crash [PAR] Plane Design Faulted In Denver Crash [PAR] By Don Phillips [PAR] Wednesday, January 27, 1999; Page C02 [PAR] John"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRADING PAGE - Spectrum Headquarters Trading page [PAR] TRADING PAGE [PAR] VARIOUS ITEMS [PAR] [PAR] On this page, you'll find various other items, that you might want to add to your collection. T Simply follow the links for each items to the site which is selling them. I'm not selling anything personally. Each of these site are independent from my own. But if you have a question, you may ask me, and I'll see if I'm able to find the answer for you. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Newest items are marked with a yellow star. Click the links below to access the various sections. [PAR] [PAR] PLEASE! CAREFULLY READ THIS IMPORTANT NOTE FOR TAPES AND DVD: [PAR] Be aware of the different Regions and recording Formats. UK tapes and DVD are PAL format - and DVD discs are Region 2, which means that, PAL TAPES ARE ONLY COMPATIBLE WITH UK VIDEO SYSTEMS AND REGION 2 DVD DISCS ARE ONLY COMPATIBLE WITH EUROPEAN PLAYERS -- THEY WILL NOT WORK ON US EQUIPMENT. Unless you have a system that will enable you to play them (multi-system and multi-Region/region free player, or something similar), you will not be able to view those medias in North American machines, which use NTSC RECORDING FORMAT, AND REGION 1 for DVD discs. The same is true the other way around. [PAR] [PAR] FIRESTORM - COMPLETE DVD BOXSET - New links! [PAR] Firestorm is a Japanese anime series co-created by Gerry Anderson and John Needham. The series combines CGI animation for machinery and traditional cell animation for characters. Despite high-quality animation and an emphasis on futuristic vehicles traditional to Anderson productions , the series was not warmly received in Japan, and by Anderson fans in general. Availability in other countries has been limited. [PAR] However, for die hard fans, the DVD set of this series can still be ordered online through Japanese anime collector stores. Most of these stores will provide with international orders. You can also check for sites like EBAY and IOFFER, for possible availability. [PAR] Media Type DVD [PAR] Regions Coding 0, ALL, NTSC [PAR] Running Time Approx. 650 mins. [PAR] Release By Manga Anime Cartoon [PAR] [PAR] (Asian based) [PAR] (California based) [PAR] You can also buy the series at Amazon.jp , where the episodes are sold in separate volumes: [PAR] New links added July 1st, 2015 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] GERRY ANDERSON COLLECTOR'S GIF SET (Captain Scarlet - Joe 90 - Stingray) [PAR] Gerry Anderson, the grand master of British TV sci-fi has produced many great TV shows (Thunderbirds, Space 1999, UFO) that have an international fan base spanning three generations. This special collection features three of these much-loved series in their entirety along with behind the scenes galleries, commentary and trailers and is a must-have for any fan. [PAR] This DVD set contains all the episode of Captain Scarlet, Joe 90 and Stingray! [PAR] Format: Collector's gift set [PAR] Audio: English (Dolby Digital 2.0) [PAR] Region 4 [PAR] Item added to the site: April 12, 2015 [PAR] [PAR] Item added: February 15, 2015 [PAR] THE LOST WORLDS OF GERRY ANDERSON DVD - Region 2 (AVAILABLE 2 MARS 2015) [PAR] [PAR] An alien being chooses two children to assist him in improving the Earth... [PAR] A spaceship on a scientific mission is flung into the far reaches of outer space... [PAR] A police lieutenant fights organised crime on a distant planet... [PAR] ... These are The Lost Worlds of Gerry Anderson! [PAR] Creator of the legendary Thunderbirds, Gerry Anderson scored incredible successes throughout the 1960s and '70s with Captain Scarlet, UFO, Space:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection: The Best ... 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection: The Best of Dusty Springfield by Dusty Springfield on Apple Music [PAR] 12 Songs [PAR] Album Review [PAR] Dusty Springfield recorded so much good material that it's hard to summarize her very best recordings in the space of a 12-track collection. Nevertheless, 20th Century Masters does a good job of squeezing several of her biggest songs \u2014 \"I Only Want to Be With You,\" \"Wishin' and Hopin',\" \"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me,\" \"The Look of Love\" \u2014 onto this collection. There are notable omissions, such as \"Son of a Preacher Man\" or anything from Dusty in Memphis, but that does not belong to the Universal Recording group that released this album \u2014 consequently, this only concentrates on Phillips-era recordings, and it's a pretty good snapshot of that time which, after all, gave Dusty her very biggest hits. [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] Dusty Springfield - 20th Century Masters [PAR] [PAR] by cathy46601 [PAR] This is an exceptional album and should be a part of the music library of all those who value music history. Dusty Springfield was a pioneer. The only song missing from this album is \"Son of a Preacher Man.\" [PAR] Great!! [PAR] [PAR] by FortifiedConnections [PAR] I am a teen who is a fan of both the music of today and more older ones, such as Dusty Springfield, The Beatles, Wayne Fontana, Tom Jones, Elvis, etc... Dusty Springfield has an awesome, well-rehearsed voice. Her songs are always rekindling fond memories. [PAR] Music [PAR] [PAR] by Not A Crook [PAR] Even though I am no were near the age of this music I did grow up listening to it on my local station kfrc. Even though it changed to crappy music I spend my time hunting for it's wonderful hits like this. That's why I give it a 5 [PAR] Biography [PAR] Born: April 16, 1939 in Hampstead, London, England [PAR] Genre: Pop [PAR] Years Active: '50s, '60s, '70s, '80s, '90s [PAR] Britain's greatest pop diva, Dusty Springfield was also the finest white soul singer of her era, a performer of remarkable emotional resonance whose body of work spans the decades and their attendant musical transformations with a consistency and purity unmatched by any of her contemporaries; though a camp icon of glamorous excess in her towering beehive hairdo and panda-eye black mascara, the sultry intimacy and heartbreaking urgency of Springfield's voice transcended image and fashion, embracing... [PAR] Top Albums and Songs by Dusty Springfield [PAR] 1.[DOC] [TLE] Wishin' And Hopin' - Dusty Springfield - VAGALUME Wishin' And Hopin' - Dusty Springfield - VAGALUME [PAR] Dusty Springfield [PAR] Enviar letras, fotos e mais [PAR] Siga o Vagalume [PAR] Wishin' and hopin' and thinkin' and prayin' [PAR] Plannin' and dreamin' each night of his charms [PAR] That won't get you into his arms [PAR] So if you're lookin' to find love you can share [PAR] All you gotta do is hold him and kiss him and love him [PAR] And show him that you care [PAR] Show him that you care just for him [PAR] Do the things he likes to do [PAR] Wear your hair just for him, 'cause [PAR] You won't get him [PAR] Thinkin' and a-prayin', wishin' and a-hopin' [PAR] 'Cause wishin' and hopin' and thinkin' and prayin' [PAR] Plannin' and dreamin' his kisses will start [PAR] That won't get you into his heart [PAR] So if you're thinkin' of how great true love is [PAR] All you gotta do is hold him and kiss"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Storm - X-Men Legends Wiki - Wikia Storm | X-Men Legends Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Real Name: Ororo Munroe [PAR] Professor Charles Xavier located Ororo Munroe in an Athens, Texas, jail by using the psychic amplifier Cerebro. According to the police report, Ororo had stolen a 1978 Mustang. When authorities finally caught up to her and pulled her over, she used her mutant ability to create a lightning storm. Because she could not fully control her powers, Ororo almost electrocuted a playground full of students. The police used force to subdue her. [PAR] The young telepath known as Marvel Girl easily entered the Athens police lockup by causing the guard to believe that she was an FBI agent dispatched to retrieve Ororo. In reality, Xavier had sent Jean to bring Ororo to his Institute for Gifted Children. There, he had begun assembling a team of \"X-Men\" to help him stop the coming war between humans and mutants. Previously, Ororo had refused a similar offer to join the terrorist Magneto's Brotherhood of Mutants.[DOC] [TLE] Ororo Munroe (Earth-82016) - Marvel Fanon - Wikia Ororo Munroe (Earth-82016) | Marvel Fanon | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] History [PAR] Early Years [PAR] Ororo Munroe, also known as Storm, is the descendant of an ancient line of African priestesses, all of whom have white hair, blue eyes, and the potential to wield magic. Born Ororo Munroe, her mother, N'Dar\u00e9, was the princess of a tribe in Africa, who married the American photojournalist, David Munroe, and moved with him to Manhattan, where Ororo was born. [PAR] When Ororo was six months old, she and her parents moved to Cairo, Egypt and, at the age of five, a plane crash destroyed their home. Ororo's parents were killed, but she survived, buried under rubble near her mother's body. This traumatizing effect left Ororo with the severe claustrophobia that still afflicts her today. [PAR] Ororo managed to escape the rubble of her shattered home with nothing but the tattered clothes on her back and her mother's ancestral ruby. Homeless and orphaned, Ororo was found by a gang of street urchins who took her to their master, Achmed El Gib\u00e1r. Achmed trained Ororo in the arts of thievery and she soon became his prize pupil, excelling in picking both pockets and locks. During her time in Cairo, Ororo picked the pocket of an American tourist. The man proved no easy mark, however, as he was Charles Xavier , a powerful mutant telepath who used his abilities to stop the theft. At that moment, Xavier was psionically attacked by another mutant, Amahl Farouk (absolute ruler of Cairo\u2019s thieves), and Ororo used the opportunity to escape. Xavier, who acknowledged she was a mutant from her brainwaves, declined to contact Ororo at this point, not wanting to shock the young woman with the true nature of her powers. [PAR] X-Men [PAR] Years later, Ororo found herself in the Savage Land and was forced to battle the threat of a mutant energy manipulator, who used Ororo's control over weather, known as Deluge, who sought revenge against humanity. With the help of the team of mutant heroes known as the X-Men , Deluge was seemingly destroyed and Ororo returned to her life among the tribal people. [PAR] Months later, however, Professor Xavier was left with no choice but to recruit Storm, as he called her, and other mutants from around the world into the X-Men in order to rescue his original students from the threat of the sentient island being, known as Krakoa. Prof. Xavier explained to Ororo"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hail to the Chief (Official Presidential Anthem of the ... Hail to the Chief (Official Presidential Anthem of the United States) - YouTube [PAR] Hail to the Chief (Official Presidential Anthem of the United States) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 19, 2015 [PAR] Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises [PAR] Hail to the Chief (Official Presidential Anthem of the United States) \u00b7 Eastman Wind Ensemble [PAR] No. 1 Patriotic Music Album [PAR] \u2117 2014 Magic Gold Records"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tygra (2011 TV series) | ThunderCats wiki | Fandom powered ... Tygra (2011 TV series) | ThunderCats wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Tygra (2011 TV series) [PAR] Weapon(s) | Bolo Whip, Laser Pistol [PAR] Family | Tygus (Possible Ancestor), [PAR] For the 80's incarnation look here . [PAR] Tygra is the son of Javan , the sole surviving heir of the fallen Tiger Clan . He was adopted by the Thunderian royals and became a prince when he was a baby; currently, he\u2019s the elder adoptive brother to Prince Lion-O and adoptive son to King Claudus . After surviving the fall of Thundera, he and the surviving cats formed the new ThunderCats and serves as second-in-command. Should Lion-O ever fall or relinquish his title as King, Tygra is next in succession as Lord of the ThunderCats. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Tygra is slightly taller than Lion-O. Being adopted, he looks very different from his adopted family. He has red-orange fur with black stripes and white areas. He is seen wearing two outfits, a blue outfit and green armor, though he is usually wearing the green armor when in combat. Like the rest of the Cats, his foot coverings essentially leave him barefoot, capable of using his claws for climbing or traction. [PAR] Abilities/Powers [PAR] Tygra has the ability to render himself invisible with his whip, likely some form of magic. [PAR] Tygra going invisible [PAR] He also uses an energy pistol as his weapon and shows great accuracy with it. Tygra is seen using a sniper-type rifle to protect Cheetara in New Alliances . It's undetermined if the rifle was a weapon confiscated from the lizards or yet another gift from the Berbils. [PAR] Tygra has shown to be a skilled unarmed combatant [1] and swordsman as well as enjoying tinkering with the handheld blaster he took from one of the lizards [2] . [PAR] Tygra is also a trained military tactician, having studied military strategy under King Claudus [3] . Though his personal fighting style tends to be stealthy and disciplined, his style of command is generally blunt and forceful. [PAR] Personality [PAR] Tygra can be cocky and arrogant at times (In Curse of Ratilla , he claimed to be \"right about everything\"). He often displayed feelings of jealousy and resentment toward his younger brother and originally felt he was better suited to be king. He was also quite offended when Lion-O declared that when he became king, he hoped that he'd be nothing like him. However Tygra has shown to be mature as well, when he obeyed Lion-O's orders without disrespect. Tygra also has a sense of loyalty towards his family since childhood, despite his early intentions against them, which can be seen when he knocked Lion-O into a pit as a child, but immediately went to find help, or having Lion-O's back when Lion-O stood up against the Thunderans' treatment of the lizards or when making peace with Lion-O when entering the Astral Plane. He has also showed a somewhat sympathetic nature towards the Thunderkittens when he urged Lion-O to let WilyKit and WilyKat join them. Tygra also has a flirtatious side as well which can be seen when he winks at Cheetara in a more than friendly manner, having always loved her since childhood and dispite his loyalty, Tygra also has shown to be quite stubborn when proven wrong, not giving up in a fight and not being told where to go (example: Song of the Petalars , when Tygra wanted to fight the lizards instead of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carp - definition of carp by The Free Dictionary Carp - definition of carp by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Carp - definition of carp by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/carp [PAR] (k\u00e4rp) [PAR] intr.v. carped, carp\u00b7ing, carps [PAR] To complain or find fault in a petty or disagreeable way: carped about the poor service at the restaurant. See Synonyms at quibble . [PAR] [Middle English carpen, from Old Norse karpa, to boast.] [PAR] carp\u2032er n. [PAR] (k\u00e4rp) [PAR] n. pl. carp or carps [PAR] 1. A freshwater cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio) native to Eurasia that is widely bred in ponds for food. [PAR] 2. Any of various fishes of the family Cyprinidae. [PAR] [Middle English carpe, from Old French carpe, from Medieval Latin carpa, of Germanic origin.] [PAR] carp [PAR] (often foll by: at) to complain or find fault; nag pettily [PAR] [C13: from Old Norse karpa to boast; related to Latin carpere to pluck] [PAR] \u02c8carper n [PAR] (k\u0251\u02d0p) [PAR] n, pl carp or carps [PAR] 1. (Animals) a freshwater teleost food fish, Cyprinus carpio, having a body covered with cycloid scales, a naked head, one long dorsal fin, and two barbels on each side of the mouth: family Cyprinidae [PAR] 2. (Animals) any other fish of the family Cyprinidae; a cyprinid [PAR] [C14: from Old French carpe, of Germanic origin; compare Old High German karpfo, Old Norse karfi] [PAR] carp1 [PAR] 1. to find fault; complain unreasonably; cavil. [PAR] n. [PAR] [1200\u201350; Middle English: to speak, prate < Old Norse karpa to brag, wrangle] [PAR] carp\u2032er, n. [PAR] (k\u0251rp) [PAR] n., pl. (esp. collectively) carp, (esp. for kinds or species) carps. [PAR] 1. a large freshwater cyprinid fish, Cyprinus carpio, native to Asia but widely cultivated as a food fish. [PAR] 2. any of various other fishes of the family Cyprinidae. [PAR] [1350\u20131400; < Middle French < Middle Dutch or Middle Low German] [PAR] -carp [PAR] a combining form occurring in words that denote a part of a fruit or fruiting body: endocarp. [PAR] [< New Latin -carpium < Greek -karpion, derivative of karp\u00f3s fruit] [PAR] carp [PAR] I will have been carping [PAR] you will have been carping [PAR] he/she/it will have been carping [PAR] we will have been carping [PAR] you will have been carping [PAR] they will have been carping [PAR] Past Perfect Continuous [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] carp - the lean flesh of a fish that is often farmed; can be baked or braised [PAR] Cyprinus carpio , domestic carp - large Old World freshwater bottom-feeding fish introduced into Europe from Asia; inhabits ponds and sluggish streams and often raised for food; introduced into United States where it has become a pest [PAR] freshwater fish - flesh of fish from fresh water used as food [PAR] 2. [PAR] carp - any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae [PAR] Cyprinidae , family Cyprinidae - a family of fish including: carp; tench; roach; rudd; dace [PAR] cyprinid , cyprinid fish - soft-finned mainly freshwater fishes typically having toothless jaws and cycloid scales [PAR] Cyprinus carpio , domestic carp - large Old World freshwater bottom-feeding fish introduced into Europe from Asia; inhabits ponds and sluggish streams and often raised for food; introduced into United States where it has become a pest [PAR] Verb"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First woman in space - Jun 16, 1963 - HISTORY.com First woman in space - Jun 16, 1963 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First woman in space [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On June 16, 1963, aboard Vostok 6, Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman to travel into space. After 48 orbits and 71 hours, she returned to earth, having spent more time in space than all U.S. astronauts combined to that date. [PAR] Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was born to a peasant family in Maslennikovo, Russia, in 1937. She began work at a textile factory when she was 18, and at age 22 she made her first parachute jump under the auspices of a local aviation club. Her enthusiasm for skydiving brought her to the attention of the Soviet space program, which sought to put a woman in space in the early 1960s as a means of achieving another \u201cspace first\u201d before the United States. As an accomplished parachutist, Tereshkova was well equipped to handle one of the most challenging procedures of a Vostok space flight: the mandatory ejection from the capsule at about 20,000 feet during reentry. In February 1962, she was selected along with three other woman parachutists and a female pilot to begin intensive training to become a cosmonaut. [PAR] In 1963, Tereshkova was chosen to take part in the second dual flight in the Vostok program, involving spacecrafts Vostok 5 and Vostok 6. On June 14, 1963, Vostok 5 was launched into space with cosmonaut Valeri Bykovsky aboard. With Bykovsky still orbiting the earth, Tereshkova was launched into space on June 16 aboard Vostok 6. The two spacecrafts had different orbits but at one point came within three miles of each other, allowing the two cosmonauts to exchange brief communications. Tereshkova\u2019s spacecraft was guided by an automatic control system, and she never took manual control. On June 19, after just under three days in space, Vostok 6 reentered the atmosphere, and Tereshkova successfully parachuted to earth after ejecting at 20,000 feet. Bykovsky and Vostok 5 landed safely a few hours later. [PAR] After her historic space flight, Valentina Tereshkova received the Order of Lenin and Hero of the Soviet Union awards. In November 1963, she married fellow cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev, reportedly under pressure from Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, who saw a propaganda advantage in the pairing of the two single cosmonauts. The couple made several goodwill trips abroad, had a daughter, and later separated. In 1966, Tereshkova became a member of the Supreme Soviet, the USSR\u2019s national parliament, and she served as the Soviet representative to numerous international women\u2019s organizations and events. She never entered space again, and hers was the last space flight by a female cosmonaut until the 1980s. [PAR] The United States screened a group of female pilots in 1959 and 1960 for possible astronaut training but later decided to restrict astronaut qualification to men. The first American woman in space was astronaut and physicist Sally Ride, who served as mission specialist on a flight of the space shuttle Challenger in 1983. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nobel Prize Awarded Women Nobel Prize Awarded Women [PAR] More options [PAR] Nobel Prize Awarded Women [PAR] The Nobel Prize and Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to women 49 times between 1901 and 2016. Only one woman, Marie Curie, has been honoured twice, with the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This means that 48 women in total have been awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2016. [PAR] Nobel Prize awarded women 1901-2015. [PAR] [PAR] \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\" [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Chemistry [PAR] \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\" [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [PAR] \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\" [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature [PAR] \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\" [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize [PAR] \"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons\" [PAR] [PAR] Nobel Prize Awarded Women 1901-2016 [PAR] 47 photos [PAR] Youyou Tu, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 2015, on stage with her family after the Nobel Prize award ceremony on 10 December 2015. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Nobel Media 2015 [PAR] Photo: Alexander Mahmoud [PAR] Svetlana Alexievich, Nobel Laureate in Literature 2015, presenting her gift to the Nobel Museum's collection: one of her five tape recorders, on 6 December 2015. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Nobel Media 2015 [PAR] Photo: Alexander Mahmoud [PAR] May-Britt Moser, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 2014, after receiving the news about the Nobel Prize. [PAR] Photo: Nancy Bazilchuk, NTNU Communication Div. [PAR] Elizabeth Blackburn, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 2009, in her lab at the University of California, San Francisco. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 University of California, San Francisco 2009 [PAR] Photo: Elisabeth Fall/fallfoto.com [PAR] Alice Munro, Nobel Laureate in Literature 2013. [PAR] Photo: Jenny Munro [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Leymah Gbowee, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 2011, is embraced by guests at a party at her family home in Monrovia, Liberia, to celebrate her Nobel Peace Prize. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Nobel Media AB 2011 [PAR] Photo: Glenna Gordon [PAR] Jane Addams, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 1931, at her desk, 30 October 1912. [PAR] Source: Library of Congress, USA [PAR] Photographer unknown. No known copyright restrictions. [PAR] Emily Greene Balch, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 1946. [PAR] Source: Library of Congress, USA [PAR] Photographer unknown. No known copyright restrictions. [PAR] Fran\u00e7oise Barr\u00e9-Sinoussi, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 2008. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Institut Pasteur 2008 [PAR] Linda Buck, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 2004. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 2011 [PAR] Photo: Roland Morgan [PAR] Pearl Buck, Nobel Laureate in Literature 1938. Photo taken ca 1932. [PAR] Source: Library of Congress, USA [PAR] Photographer unknown. No known copyright restrictions. [PAR] Gerty Cori, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1947, and her husband Carl in their laboratory at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, 1947. [PAR] Source: U.S National Library of Medicine, Images from the History of Medicine Collection. Photographer unknown. [PAR] Mairead Corrigan, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 1976. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Tawakkol Karman, 2011 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 Nobel Media AB 2011 [PAR] Photo: Donnelly Marks [PAR] Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Academy Awards: Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to win ... Academy Awards: Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to win an Oscar for best director | NJ.com [PAR] Academy Awards: Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to win an Oscar for best director [PAR] comments [PAR] GABRIEL BOUYS/AFP/Getty Images\"The Hurt Locker\" director Kathryn Bigelow has won the Oscar for best director, become the first woman ever to achieve the top honor.Above, Bigelow arrives at the 82nd annual Academy Awards Nominee Luncheon at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on February 15, 2010. [PAR] \"The Hurt Locker\" director Kathryn Bigelow has won the Oscar for best director, becoming the first woman ever to achieve the top honor at the Academy Awards. [PAR] While her best-known films were such fare as the vampire pic \"Near Dark\" and the Patrick Swayze surfing actioner \"Point Break,\" the critically-acclaimed \"The Hurt Locker\" has put Bigelow into a different stratosphere. [PAR] She was the first woman to win the Directors Guild of America award for outstanding directorial achievement in a motion picture for \"The Hurt Locker.\" She also won the best director prize at the 2010 British Academy Film Awards. [PAR] She was also nominated for a Golden Globe but ex-husband James Cameron took the prize for his 3D sci-fi epic \"Avatar.\" [PAR] Bigelow was the first female to win a BAFTA Award for best direction and fourth ever to be nominated for an Oscar after Lina Wertm\u00fcller for \"Seven Beauties\" in 1976, Jane Campion for \"The Piano\" in 1993 and Sofia Coppola for \"Lost in Translation\" in 2003. [PAR] \"The Hurt Locker\" follows a bomb disposal team during the Iraq War and stars Anthony Mackie, Brian Geraghty and best actor nominee Jeremy Renner. Bigelow's film delves into the heart of their tour as they contend with dangerous bombs and an even more dangerous insurgency. Bigelow shot the action film in the Middle East -- specifically in Jordan. [PAR] Complete Academy Awards coverage:[DOC] [TLE] Kathryn Bigelow makes history as first woman to win best ... Kathryn Bigelow makes history as first woman to win best director Oscar | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Kathryn Bigelow makes history as first woman to win best director Oscar [PAR] Iraq war film The Hurt Locker wins six awards including best picture and best original screenplay [PAR] Kathryn Bigelow (left) celebrates her best director Oscar with Barbra Streisand. Photograph: Matt Sayles/AP [PAR] Kathryn Bigelow makes history as first woman to win best director Oscar [PAR] Iraq war film The Hurt Locker wins six awards including best picture and best original screenplay [PAR] Monday 8 March 2010 06.00 EST [PAR] First published on Monday 8 March 2010 06.00 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Kathryn Bigelow today became the first woman in history to win the best director award at the Oscars. [PAR] Her low-budget Iraq war film, The Hurt Locker, about a bomb disposal team, was the big winner at the ceremony. It took six academy awards, including those for best picture and best original screenplay. [PAR] The Hurt Locker triumphed the over the 3D blockbuster Avatar, directed by Bigelow's former husband, James Cameron . [PAR] Cameron, who sat behind Bigelow at the ceremony in the Kodak theatre in Hollywood, was one of the first to offer congratulations when he reached over to tap her on the shoulder. [PAR] Bigelow described the award as a \"moment of a lifetime\" and dedicated her Oscar to the servicemen and women in Iraq and Afghanistan. \"May they come home safe,\" she said. [PAR] The Hurt Locker"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1975: First Film to Reach $100 Million at the Box Office ... 1975: First Film to Reach $100 Million at the Box Office | Guinness World Records [PAR] 1975: First Film to Reach $100 Million at the Box Office [PAR] By Rob Dimery [PAR] Google+ [PAR] On 20 June 1975, director Steven Spielberg\u2019s (USA) latest movie was released\u2026 and promptly began scaring the life out of cinema-goers the length and breath of North America. Jaws \u2013 the tale of a seaside town (Amity) terrorised by a great white shark \u2013 swiftly proved to be a cinematic sensation. [PAR] [PAR] video [PAR] [PAR] Sure, there had been phenomenal box-office hits in the past \u2013 witness animated classic Disney\u2019s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (USA, 1937) or Cecil B. DeMille\u2019s biblical epic The Ten Commandments (USA, 1956). And fear and frights had resulted in box-office gold beforehand too \u2013 the queues for Alfred Hitchcock\u2019s Psycho (USA, 1960) stretched around the block. But the success of Jaws was on an unprecedented scale. [PAR] [PAR] Production was plagued with problems, including overrunning budgets and schedules (principle photography, originally forecast to take 55 days, took 159 days). The three pneumatically powered mechanical models of the shark \u2013 each costing $250,000, they were dubbed \u201cBruce\u201d, after Spielberg\u2019s lawyer \u2013 frequently broke down and really weren\u2019t all that scary. Turning this to his advantage, Spielberg opted to show very little of the eponymous great white (it makes its first appearance at around 1 hour 21 minutes in the 2-hour-long film), which actually helped to ratchet up the tension. [PAR] [PAR] In this, he was aided immeasurably by John Williams\u2019s suspenseful score, highlighted by an ominous two-note motif: [PAR] [PAR] video [PAR] [PAR] Not that Spielberg liked it much at first. Hear director and composer discuss the iconic soundtrack here: [PAR] [PAR] video [PAR] [PAR] The movie was granted a wide release, opening on 464 screens (409 in the USA, the rest in Canada) on 20 June 1975. Critics raved, while its public reception was immediate and emphatic \u2013 $7 million (\u00a33 million) taken in the opening weekend and all production costs covered within the fortnight; by August it was showing on 900 screens across North America. It became the First movie to take more than $100 million in theatrical rentals (the amount of the box-office gross that goes back to the studio/distributor after cinemas have taken their percentage for showing the film). [PAR] [PAR] To date, the movie has taken $470.6 million (\u00a3303.7 million) at the box office worldwide, according to Box Office Mojo. Indeed, until the phenomenal success of George Lucas\u2019s Star Wars (USA, 1977), Jaws was the Highest-grossing film ever released \u2013 although if you adjust the figures to allow for inflation, Gone With The Wind (USA, 1939) is the most successful film ever, having earned more than $3.4 billion (\u00a32.1 billion). [PAR] [PAR] Jaws had a more long-term impact, though, effectively re-defining the term \u201cblockbuster\u201d for modern cinema. Catching on quick, other studios began putting into production mass-appeal movies scheduled for a mid-year release, to maximise box-office clout, which has inspired the epic action movies that hit our screens every summer. [PAR] [PAR] Since then, Steven Spielberg has made blockbusters his stock-in-trade, racking up worldwide smashes with the likes of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (USA, 1977), Raiders of the Lost Ark (USA, 1981), Jurassic Park (USA, 1993) and Saving Private Ryan (USA, 1998). With a CV like that, it\u2019s little wonder that he\u2019s history\u2019s Highest-earning film director. According to Forbes, between 2013 and 2014 Spielberg netted an estimated $100"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Woody | Pixar Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Woody | Pixar Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"So long, partner.\" [PAR] \u2014Woody, saying his final farewell to Andy [PAR] In Toy Story 3 , Woody is first with the other toys in Andy's playtime scene. Several years later, Woody and his friends take one chance to get a now 17-year-old Andy to notice them in what Woody calls Operation Playtime , in which the toys dial Andy's cellphone number on another phone. The plan ultimately backfires when Andy ignores his toys and, instead, assumes Molly is messing with his stuff. Woody then calls for another staff meeting in which he reminds the toys that their job isn't about getting played by but to be there for Andy, tells them that no one is going to get thrown away, mentions about the friends who have been lost (he is still hurt at the loss of Bo Peep when her name is mentioned by Rex ) and gone to their new owners, reminds the toys that Andy has held onto them during every yard sale and spring cleaning because he must have care for them, and tells them that Andy will place them in the attic, a place where there are games, books, the race-car track, the old TV, and Christmas decorations. He guarantees that Andy will continue to take care of the toys, then he climbs up on the dresser to see photos of Andy's high school graduation and a young Andy posing with his toys, even confessing to Buzz that he's also slightly worried about Andy's future intentions for them. [PAR] When Andy reenters the room to prepare for college, he gets out a trash bag and puts his toys inside the bag. When it comes to between Woody and Buzz, Andy tosses Woody into a box of possessions he is going to take to college and puts Buzz into the trash bag with the others. Woody, concerned for his friends, jumps out of the box to track the bag, but is relieved to see that Andy is intending to put the toys into the attic, but Andy leaves the bag to help Molly. Woody then witnesses in horror as Andy's mother takes the bag downstairs, believing that it's trash. Thinking quickly, Woody signals to Buster and instructs him to take him to the curb, but the dog is too old and weary to help Woody, and turns over instead to fall on top of Woody. After pushing him off, Woody rushes to the window to see Andy's mother place the bag of toys on the curb with other bags full of garbage. Spotting an approaching garbage truck down the street, Woody grabs a pair of scissors, jumps out of the window, slides down the drainage, and runs toward the bags. Using the scissors, he cuts open 2 trash bags but neither one holds his friends. After the bags are loaded into the truck and the truck goes down the street, Woody runs after the truck, but witnesses the trash bags being crunched by the truck's compactors. Woody is horrified, but turns to see a recycling bin scurrying into the garage on little feet, to his relief. Catching up with the toys who have climbed into a box bound for Sunnyside Daycare , Woody tells the toys that Andy's mother has mistaken the toys as trash and that Andy has intended to put the toys into the attic, but the toys don't listen to Woody and respond back by declaring that they're going to Sunnyside instead,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bruce Willis - Biography - IMDb Bruce Willis - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bruce Willis [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 169 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (7) | Trivia (102) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (17) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Actor and musician Bruce Willis is well known for playing wisecracking or hard-edged characters, often in spectacular action films. Collectively, he has appeared in films that have grossed in excess of $2.5 billion USD, placing him in the top ten stars in terms of box office receipts. [PAR] Walter Bruce Willis was born on March 19, 1955, in Idar-Oberstein, West Germany, to a German mother, Marlene K. (from Kassel), and an American father, David Andrew Willis (from Carneys Point, New Jersey), who were then living on a United States military base. His family moved to the U.S. shortly after he was born, and he was raised in Penns Grove, New Jersey, where his mother worked at a bank and his father was a welder and factory worker. Willis picked up an interest for the dramatic arts in high school, and was allegedly \"discovered\" whilst working in a caf\u00e9 in New York City and then appeared in a couple of off-Broadway productions. While bartending one night, he was seen by a casting director who liked his personality and needed a bartender for a small movie role. [PAR] After countless auditions, Willis contributed minor film appearances, usually uncredited, before landing the role of private eye \"David Addison\" alongside sultry Cybill Shepherd in the hit romantic comedy television series Moonlighting (1985). The series firmly established Bruce Willis as a hot new talent, and his sarcastic and wisecracking P.I. was in effect a dry run for the role of hard-boiled NYC detective \"John McClane\" in the monster hit Die Hard (1988). This superbly paced action film balanced laconic humor and wholesale destruction as Willis' character single handedly battles a gang of ruthless international thieves in a Los Angeles skyscraper. Willis reprized the role of tough guy cop \"John McClane\" in the eagerly anticipated sequel Die Hard 2 (1990) set at snowbound Washington's Dulles International Airport as a group of renegade Special Forces soldiers seek to repatriate a corrupt South American general. Excellent box office returns demanded a further sequel Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995) this time also starring Samuel L. Jackson as a cynical Harlem shopowner unwittingly thrust into assisting McClane during a terrorist bombing campaign on a sweltering day in NYC. [PAR] Willis found time out from all the action mayhem to provide the voice of \"Mikey\" the baby in the very popular family comedies Look Who's Talking (1989), and its sequel Look Who's Talking Too (1990) also starring John Travolta and Kirstie Alley . Over the next decade, Willis starred in some very successful films, some very offbeat films and some unfortunate box office flops. The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990) and Hudson Hawk (1991) were both large scale financial disasters that were savaged by the critics, and both are arguably best left off the CVs of all the actors involved, however Willis was still popular with movie audiences and selling plenty of theatre tickets with the hyperviolent The Last Boy Scout (1991), the darkly humored Death Becomes Her (1992) and the mediocre police thriller Striking Distance (1993). During the 1990s, Willis also appeared in several independent and low budget productions that won him new fans and praise from the critics for his intriguing performances working with some very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Notting Hill (1999) YIFY - Download Movie TORRENT - YTS Notting Hill (1999) YIFY - Download Movie TORRENT - YTS [PAR] Reviewed by 49235781 10 / 10 [PAR] Sweet Film [PAR] Notting Hill proves one thing -- jokes lie in the oddest places. This film is an excellent vehicle for Julia Roberts to put her own life as an actress under the microscope. While Roberts' \"Anna Scott\" character isn't an autobiographical figure, the Scott character allows for some biting satire at the life of Roberts herself. Need I mention some excellent one liners in the film like the sister of Hugh Grant... \"I feel like we are sisters\", an excellent throw-back to \"My Best Friend's Wedding\"... or my favourite, a discussion about nude body doubles just before a nude Julia Roberts (or a Julia Roberts body double) crosses the screen. [PAR] Apart from the small bit of satire, Grant's character plays on the emotions of every guy who has ever unexplainably fell in to, threw orange juice-on, lost out on, and fell back in to love. Roberts character can only help us understand how such a relationship as the one her and Grant share in the movie, could be \"Surreal, but nice.\" [PAR] A sweet film surely not to be missed! [PAR] Reviewed by James Hitchcock 7 / 10 [PAR] Warm and Human British Comedy [PAR] Notting Hill is a district of west London that was built as a fashionable Victorian suburb, became very run down during the mid twentieth century and is now once again fashionable, but which retains a distinctly cosmopolitan atmosphere, with London's biggest street market and many small specialist shops. (My wife and I sometimes go there to shop for bargains). The hero of the film, William Thacker, is the owner of one of these shops, a travel bookshop. The film concerns the romance which develops between William and a young woman named Anna Scott whom he meets when she comes into his shop. [PAR] As another reviewer has pointed out, 'Notting Hill' is based around a theme, love between people of unequal social standing, which has provided literature with some of its greatest works, both comic and serious, dating back at least to the tale of King Cophetua and the beggar-maid. Although many of these stories tell of a poor but honest lad who aspires to the hand of a princess or titled lady, Anna is not part of the Royal Family or the British aristocracy. She rather belongs to an even more exclusive elite, the Hollywood starocracy. She is a hugely popular film star who earns at least $15,000,000 per film, and pops into William's shop during a brief stay in London to publicise her latest movie. [PAR] Although Anna is played by a real-life Hollywood superstar, Julia Roberts, the film is very typically British. William is similar to an number of other Hugh Grant characters, being a shy, diffident middle-class Englishman, probably public-school and university educated. (Despite this background, he is not particularly wealthy following a divorce from his first wife and is forced to share his lodgings with an eccentric Welsh flatmate, Spike). The humour of the film, particularly the dinner-party banter between William and his friends, is mostly of the typically ironic, self-deprecating variety popular in Britain, especially in middle-class circles. Rhys Ifans's Spike, by contrast, typifies another strand of British humour, the eccentric zaniness found in the likes of 'Monty Python'. Spike's strong provincial accent suggests a more working-class background; this possibly accounts for the teasing that he has to put up with from the other characters, although"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Highest Grossing 90s Movies - Ranker Top Grossing Movies of the 90s | List of Profitable Movies From the 1990s [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed [PAR] 1 [PAR] Titanic Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Kathy Bates Box Office: $1,843,201,268 [PAR] ; [PAR] 2 [PAR] Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace Natalie Portman, Keira Knightley, Ewan McGregor Box Office: $924,317,558 [PAR] ; [PAR] Jurassic Park Samuel L. Jackson, Jeff Goldblum, Richard Attenborough Box Office: $914,691,118 [PAR] ; [PAR] Independence Day Will Smith, Jeff Goldblum, Vivica A. Fox Box Office: $817,400,891 [PAR] ; [PAR] The Lion King Whoopi Goldberg, Jeremy Irons, Matthew Broderick Box Office: $783,841,776 [PAR] ; [PAR] Forrest Gump Tom Hanks, Kurt Russell, Sally Field Box Office: $677,387,716 [PAR] ; [PAR] The Sixth Sense Bruce Willis, Mischa Barton, Haley Joel Osment Box Office: $672,806,292 [PAR] ; [PAR] The Lost World: Jurassic Park Julianne Moore, Steven Spielberg, Camilla Belle Box Office: $618,638,999 [PAR] ; [PAR] Men in Black Will Smith, Sylvester Stallone, Steven Spielberg Box Office: $589,390,539 [PAR] ; [PAR] Armageddon Ben Affleck, Bruce Willis, Liv Tyler Box Office: $553,709,788 [PAR] ; [PAR] Terminator 2: Judgment Day Arnold Schwarzenegger, Edward Furlong, Linda Hamilton Box Office: $519,398,546 [PAR] ; [PAR] Ghost Demi Moore, Whoopi Goldberg, Patrick Swayze Box Office: $505,702,588 [PAR] ; [PAR] Aladdin Robin Williams, Gilbert Gottfried, Frank Welker Box Office: $504,050,219 [PAR] ; [PAR] Twister Helen Hunt, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Bill Paxton Box Office: $494,471,524 [PAR] ; [PAR] Saving Private Ryan Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Vin Diesel Box Office: $481,840,909 [PAR] ; [PAR] Home Alone Macaulay Culkin, Joe Pesci, John Candy Box Office: $476,684,675 [PAR] ; [PAR] 17 [PAR] Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me Elizabeth Hurley, Heather Graham, Will Ferrell Box Office: $205,040,086 [PAR] ; [PAR] Mrs. Doubtfire Robin Williams, Pierce Brosnan, Sally Field Box Office: $441,286,195 [PAR] ; [PAR] Toy Story 2 Tom Hanks, Kelsey Grammer, Tim Allen Box Office: $245,852,179 [PAR] ; [PAR] Toy Story Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Don Rickles Box Office: $191,796,233 [PAR] ; [PAR] Dances with Wolves Kevin Costner, Mary McDonnell, Charles Rocket Box Office: $184,208,848 [PAR] ; [PAR] Batman Forever Nicole Kidman, Drew Barrymore, Jim Carrey Box Office: $184,031,112 [PAR] ; [PAR] The Fugitive Julianne Moore, Harrison Ford, Tommy Lee Jones Box Office: $183,875,760 [PAR] ; [PAR] Liar Liar Jim Carrey, Jennifer Tilly, Krista Allen Box Office: $181,410,615 [PAR] ; [PAR] Mission: Impossible Tom Cruise, Jon Voight, Vanessa Redgrave Box Office: $180,981,856 [PAR] ; [PAR] Pretty Woman Julia Roberts, Richard Gere, Hank Azaria Box Office: $178,406,268 [PAR] ; [PAR] There's Something About Mary Cameron Diaz, Sarah Silverman, Ben Stiller Box Office: $176,484,651 [PAR] ; [PAR] 28 [PAR] Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Donald Trump, Macaulay Culkin, Tim Curry Box Office: $173,585,516 [PAR] ; [PAR] Air Force One Harrison Ford, Gary Oldman, Glenn Close Box Office: $172,956,409 [PAR] ; [PAR] Apollo 13 Tom Hanks, Bryce Dallas Howard, Ed Harris Box Office: $172,071,312 [PAR] ; [PAR] The Matrix Keanu Reeves, Hugo Weaving, Carrie-Anne Moss Box Office: $171,479,930 [PAR] ; [PAR] Tarzan Rosie O'Donnell, Glenn Close, Minnie Driver Box Office: $171,091,819 [PAR] ; [PAR] Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Morgan Freeman, Sean Connery, Kevin Costner Box Office: $165,493,908 [PAR] ; [PAR] Big Daddy Adam Sandler, Jon Stewart, Steve Buscemi Box Office: $163,479,795 [PAR] ; [PAR] Batman Returns Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Danny DeVito Box Office: $162,831,698 [PAR] ; [PAR] A Bug's Life Hayden Panettiere, Ashley Tisdale, Kevin Spacey Box Office: $162,798,565 [PAR] ; [PAR] The Waterboy Adam Sandler, Kathy Bates, Rob Schneider Box Office: $161,491,646 [PAR] ; [PAR] The Firm Tom Cruise, Gene Hackman, Gary Busey Box Office:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Moore - IMDb Roger Moore - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Actor | Miscellaneous Crew | Producer [PAR] Roger Moore will perhaps always be remembered as the man who replaced Sean Connery in the James Bond series, arguably something he never lived down. Roger George Moore was born on October 14, 1927 in Stockwell, London, England, the son of Lillian (Pope) and George Alfred Moore, a policeman. He first wanted to be an artist, but got into films full ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 32 people [PAR] created 20 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 people [PAR] created 13 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 29 people [PAR] created 01 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 people [PAR] created 15 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Roger Moore's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 10 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] For Your Eyes Only Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 [PAR] (1981) [PAR] 2016 The Saint (TV Movie) [PAR] Jasper [PAR] 1974 Bacharach 74 (TV Movie) [PAR] Old Tramp [PAR] 1961 The Roaring 20's (TV Series) [PAR] 14 Karat John [PAR] 1959 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (TV Series) [PAR] Inspector Benson [PAR] 1959 The Third Man (TV Series) [PAR] Jimmy Simms [PAR] 1957 Lux Video Theatre (TV Series) [PAR] Gavin [PAR] 1957 Assignment Foreign Legion (TV Series) [PAR] Legionnaire Paul Harding [PAR] 1953 Robert Montgomery Presents (TV Series) [PAR] French Diplomat [PAR] 1949 The Governess (TV Movie) [PAR] Bob Drew [PAR] 1973 A Touch of Class (executive producer - uncredited) [PAR] 1971 The Persuaders! (TV Series) (co-producer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Overture (1971) ... (co-producer - uncredited) [PAR] 1968 The Fiction-Makers (co-producer - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1962 The Saint (TV Series) (uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1980 The Muppet Show (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Roger Moore (1980) ... (performer: \"Talk to the Animals\" - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2009 Waiting in Rhyme (Video short) (special thanks) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2008-2016 The One Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself / Himself - Guest [PAR] 2004-2016 This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2016 Car S.O.S. (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 The Nation's Favourite Bond Song (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself (as Sir Roger Moore) [PAR] 2011-2015 Loose Women (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 TFI Friday (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2015 Comic Relief 2015 (TV Special) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2014 Sunday Morning Live (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] - Sir Roger Moore (2012) ... Himself (as Sir Roger Moore) [PAR] - Michael Winner (2010) ... Himself (as Sir Roger Moore) [PAR] 2013 Bond's Greatest Moments (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2012 Top Gear (TV Series) [PAR] Himself Interviewee / - 'James Bond' 1973-1985 [PAR] 2008-2012 Vivement dimanche prochain (TV Series) [PAR] Himself / Himself - Main Guest [PAR] 2012 Le grand journal de Canal+ (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2012 Turning Points (Documentary short) [PAR] Himself (voice) [PAR] 2010 Christopher Lee - Gentleman des Grauens (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 Efter Tio (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2010 Face Booth (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009 Victoria Wood: Seen on TV (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself (as Sir Roger Moore) [PAR] 2009 NDR Talk Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] - Episode dated 10 May 2009 (2009) ... Himself -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FROZEN - Let It Go Sing-along | Official Disney HD - YouTube FROZEN - Let It Go Sing-along | Official Disney HD - YouTube [PAR] FROZEN - Let It Go Sing-along | Official Disney HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jan 30, 2014 [PAR] Sing-along with Idina Menzel in this full sequence from Disney's Frozen. [PAR] Walt Disney Animation Studios, the studio behind \"Tangled\" and \"Wreck-It Ralph,\" presents \"Frozen,\" a stunning big-screen comedy adventure. Fearless optimist Anna (voice of Kristen Bell) sets off on an epic journey\u2014teaming up with rugged mountain man Kristoff (voice of Jonathan Groff) and his loyal reindeer Sven\u2014to find her sister Elsa (voice of Idina Menzel), whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom. [PAR] The film is directed by Chris Buck (\"Tarzan,\" \"Surf's Up\") and Jennifer Lee (screenwriter, \"Wreck-It Ralph\"), and produced by Peter Del Vecho (\"Winnie the Pooh,\" \"The Princess and the Frog\"). Featuring music from Tony\u00ae winner Robert Lopez (\"The Book of Mormon,\" \"Avenue Q\") and Kristen Anderson-Lopez (\"In Transit\"), [PAR] Disney's \"Frozen\" has been named best animated film by more than a dozen critics associations, has received two Oscars\u00ae for best animated feature and best original song (\"Let It Go\"), a BAFTA\u00ae for Best Animated Film, a Golden Globe\u00ae for best animated feature, two Critics Choice Movie Awards, and a Producers Guild of America Award for outstanding animated feature. [PAR] \"Frozen\" features eight original songs from songwriting duo Kristen and Robert Lopez (\"The Book of Mormon,\" \"Avenue Q\"), including the gripping \"Let It Go,\" performed by Broadway star Idina Menzel. [PAR] Buy the soundtrack here:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monica Geller-Bing - Friends Central - Wikia Monica Geller-Bing | Friends Central | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] I KNOW! [PAR] \u201d [PAR] Monica Geller (born April 22, 1969) is a fictional character on the popular U.S. television sitcom Friends (1994\u20132004), played by Courteney Cox . Monica was known as the \"Mother Hen\" of the group and her Greenwich Village apartment was one of the group's main gathering places. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Monica was born April 22, 1969. Monica is Ross's younger sister, and the daughter of Jack and Judy Geller . Monica, like the rest of her family, is Jewish. She had a slightly difficult childhood, characterized by the bickering which took place between her and her brother (some culminating in memorable events such as the Geller Cup , which took place every Thanksgiving). She also had, and still has, a difficult relationship with her parents, who unconsciously favor Ross over her on various occasions. (Her father did try to fix this by giving her his Porsche in \" The One Where Rosita Dies \"). [PAR] High school was a difficult time for Monica, who gained a substantial amount of weight and peaked at 255 pounds. She had few friends; her best friend being Rachel Green . For prom, she even had a date: Roy Gublik . Her first kiss, however, was (by accident) her brother, Ross. [5] She met Chandler Bing at her parents' house on Thanksgiving Day, 1987. She initially had a crush on him (even became a chef because he told her that he liked her macaroni) until she overheard him referring to her as Ross's \"fat sister.\" The shock was so great for her that she became determined to take off all her extra weight by the next time he would see her. She accomplished this goal by Thanksgiving, 1988. [6] She unintentionally got back at him by dropping a knife and severing one of his toes during a failed attempt to seduce him. [PAR] After college, Monica pursued life in New York as a chef at Iridium . She also lived with Phoebe Buffay , across the hall from Chandler. Phoebe moved out because she was worried that their friendship would suffer due to Monica's obsessive tidiness. She had a crush on Joey Tribbiani when he first moved in with Chandler, although he repelled her by stripping naked in her apartment the day they met. [7] [PAR] Personality [PAR] This section is (partially) copied from Wikipedia . There may be an updated version available. [PAR] While she is kind, caring and friendly, Monica is perhaps most notorious for her obsessive cleanliness (classifying places by cleanliness, where 'Monica-clean' is even cleaner than 'Health-Department-clean' [8] ). She is also known to talk abnormally loudly (such as in The One With The Apothecary Table ) and for her bossiness and unnatural organizational skills (such as The One On The Last Night ). Phoebe and Rachel also call her high-maintenance. [9] Aside from being a neat-freak, Monica can also be bossy and somewhat competitive, hating to lose in competitions. [PAR] Cleanliness and Orderliness [PAR] \"Neat Freak\" Monica is comically obsessive about the state of her apartment. She loves cleaning, describing a dry-cleaning establishment as her Disneyland. This personality trait becomes progressively exaggerated as the series progresses. Examples of this tendency include: [PAR] In The One With The Embryos , we learn that she organizes towels into 11 categories, including \"everyday use\", \"fancy\", \"guest\", and \"fancy guest\". Later, boxes can be seen with other categories, \"kitchen\", \"old\", and \"beach\". This leaves"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phil Redmond: Man of the people | Profiles | News | The ... Phil Redmond: Man of the people | The Independent [PAR] Phil Redmond: Man of the people [PAR] The best-known producer on British television changed the nation's viewing habits [PAR] Saturday 9 February 2008 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] With his mane of grey hair and non-matching bushy eyebrows, Phil Redmond resembles an ageing blues musician rather than a TV mogul and cultural commissar. There is nothing grand or seigneurial about him. His accent is an unreconstructed Scouse rasp. He can switch in short order from truculence to a slightly sinister friendliness that can beguile the unwary. He is unfailingly blunt in his views of the TV industry that alternately courts him and buggers him about. He was not put on this earth to be a diplomat, or a pillar of the establishment, but to get things done \u2013 to dramatise, to stir things up. [PAR] In a career that's spanned 35 years, he has become the best-known producer on British television, and masterminded three programmes that changed the nation's juvenile viewing habits: Grange Hill, Brookside and Hollyoaks. Simple titles that have entered the language as shorthand for a certain quality of life in late 20th- and early 21st-century Britain \u2013 a life of graft, trouble, want, brutality, revenge and sexual predation. [PAR] This week's announcement that Grange Hill will be expelled from the schedules suggests the extent to which other TV has caught up with Redmond's vision. The man himself long ago moved on. For him what matters in 2008 \u2013 in which Liverpool is European Capital of Culture \u2013 is the cultural health of his home town. [PAR] Grange Hill was a drama-soap set in a north London comprehensive, which he offered to the BBC in 1978, scripted by himself. \"I wrote Grange Hill so kids would have something to relate to,\" he said later. \"We wanted to move away from the Enid Blyton, middle-class drama the BBC had been showing and portray the realities of school life.\" It was a revelation. Viewers who recalled Billy Bunter, Goodbye Mr Chips or Please Sir! as being accurate portrayals of schooldays were confounded. [PAR] The opening episode saw Peter \"Tucker\" Jenkins running to beat the school bell, while trying to wolf down a slice of breakfast toast. Soon the audience was deep in Issue territory, as a black child called Benny was called \"a golly\" by another kid, and the nice girl, Trisha, who defends and befriends him, tells him he can't help being a \"nig-nog\". Soon viewers were mired in truanting, smoking, bullying and shoplifting. [PAR] Complaints poured in, from Mary Whitehouse's National Viewers and Listeners' Association, and from irate individuals. \"This is not entertainment,\" wrote one, \"but a glamorisation of hooliganism and the abominable attitude of children to their teachers.\" Redmond weathered the storms, despite being called to a meeting of BBC executives and told to \"tone it down\". The second series dealt with vandalism, rioting and a teacher suspended for hitting a child. When Redmond left at the end of series four, the content became noticeably calmer. It remained popular, filmed at Elstree for 25 years until Redmond's Mersey TV brought it north to their Childwall studio in 2003. Redmond's fatherly relationship with the show ended when his TV company was bought by Lime Pictures in 2005. [PAR] Grange Hill was seen off this week with a congratulatory farewell from Anne Gilchrist, the BBC controller of children's TV: \"Part of CBBC's reputation for reflecting contemporary life back"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] White family to take over Emmerdale\u2019s Home Farm | ATV Today White family to take over Emmerdale\u2019s Home Farm | ATV Today [PAR] White family to take over Emmerdale\u2019s Home Farm [PAR] October 04, 2014 Broadcasting , Soapworld Doug Lambert [PAR] Emmerdale\u2019s Home Farm will have a new family set to make their mark on village life in the coming weeks, however one of the members is a familiar name from the past. [PAR] When Home Farm is put up for auction and an open day held for potential purchasers, feisty Nicola King, played by Nicola Wheeler, is rude to prospective buyer Chrissie White. She has no idea who she is and it\u2019s typical of Nicola to make assumptions. Soon Nicola\u2019s fibs and fabrications are blown apart by the arrival of Chrissie\u2019s fianc\u00e9, ex-villager Robert Sugden who has joined his partner to look around the house. [PAR] Before long Chrissie\u2019s wealthy father Lawrence White arrives to inspect the property, because he wants to buy in the area and Home Farm seems just the ticket. Lawrence will be played by acclaimed actor John Bowe. Whilst his daughter Chrissie is being played by newcomer Louise Marwood. [PAR] \u201cI am delighted to be joining the cast of Emmerdale and having already recorded scenes involving Edna\u2019s long forgotten past, it is now fantastic to have been given the keys to Home Farm. I can\u2019t wait to stir things up\u2026\u201d \u2013 John Bowe [PAR] Forthright in his views, Lawrence is not impressed with Chrissie\u2019s choice of husband and on getting wind of Robert\u2019s reluctance to return to the village, promptly puts in an offer. Could Lawrence be determined to rock his daughter\u2019s relationship? In his first major TV role Ryan Hawley (History Boys, both in the West End and the UK theatre tour) will play Robert Sugden. [PAR] Chrissie\u2019s troubled fourteen-year-old son Lachlan played by Thomas Atkinson is set to join his family shortly. [PAR] \u201cHome Farm has always been the seat of power in Emmerdale. In Lawrence, we have a family man, with serious status and a complex history. Robert\u2019s going to have to prove himself worthy \u2013 not just of the big House on the Hill, but of Lawrence\u2019s daughter, Chrissie. But will the ghosts of his past hold him back?\u201d \u2013 Kate Oates, Series Producer [PAR] Home Farm Owners [PAR] A quick run down of the main owners of Home Farm through the years. [PAR] Originally Miffield Hall the manor house of Beckindale village dates back to the 1500\u2019s although it was drastically altered in the 1700s into the Home Farm we know of today. [PAR] Verney Family [PAR] The first notable family were the Verney\u2019s who occupied the sprawling mansion; they would also lease on their land a little farm known as Emmerdale to the Sugden family who remained the farmers of the land until the 1990s. [PAR] Miffield Hall, and the Miffield estate, has been home to drama long before the cameras began recording village life in 1972 but its recent times that have seen its most memorable moments. [PAR] First seen in Yorkshire Television\u2019s Emmerdale Farm in 1973 Miffield Hall in its final days as a Verney family home. The then Lord Miffield, George Verney, had a run in with Jack Sugden of the Emmerdale Farm family, resulting in Verney giving Sugden a good posh horsewhipping outside the local boozer, the Woolpack Inn. Luckily for Jack George later left to live in Cannes and Miffield Hall became a teacher training college. In 1978 following the death of George his nephew Gerald Verney took over the manor as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC is launching Britflix as a rival to Netflix - Times of ... BBC is launching Britflix as a rival to Netflix - Times of India [PAR] Times of India [PAR] Ssharad Malhotraa's love for cricket [PAR] BBC is launching Britflix as a rival to Netflix [PAR] The rise of subscription services Netflix and Amazon Prime has seen the distributors become leading forces in the area of film and television production [PAR] The Independent | May 17, 2016, 01.26 PM IST [PAR] The rise of subscription services Netflix and Amazon Prime has seen the distributors become leading forces in the area of film and television production. [PAR] Now, in a landmark move, the BBC has been given the green light to start its very own platform to rival those reputable US streaming giants. [PAR] Netflix launches service in India [PAR] Netflix's entry into the Indian market comes at a time when the high-speed 4G networks are coming up and prices of 4G mobile devices have been falling. [PAR] According to The Daily Telegraph, the project - named Britflix - could see the channel team up with its British rivals ITV as well as \"a number of other production companies.\" [PAR] Culture secretary John Whittingdale suggested the paid-for medium - which is still in the early stages of development - would take over the existing iPlayer service following the Beeb's White Paper requesting \"some form of additional subscription services\" to provide British residents with a library of varied content. [PAR] Netflix overtakes HBO in exclusive content [PAR] Netflix is counting on a vast library of original programming to help keep subscribers on board as it faces tougher competition. [PAR] The planned service would act as a library comprised of old and new BBC content as well as a home for exclusive original series akin to Netflix's House of Cards or Amazon Prime's Transparent. [PAR] \"We're moving into a different world where more and more content is going to be made available on demand,\" said Whittingdale. [PAR] Netflix working on its first German series [PAR] Video streaming giant Netflix said Wednesday it is making its first original German series, to debut in 2017. [PAR] \"If they want to explore that kind of thing, we'd encourage them. There may come a moment in the future where all television is delivered online, and if you do that it becomes a more realistic practical possibility if you wanted to move towards an element of voluntary subscription.\" [PAR] There is currently no word on when the channel - home to such dramas as Peaky Blinders and Line of Duty - will start work on Britflix. [PAR] WATCH: Netflix RAP [PAR] 101 most popular English shows on television [PAR] 1101 [PAR] 101 most popular English shows on television [PAR] Will and Grace (1998 TV series): Will and Grace is set in New York City and focuses on the relationship between Will Truman, a gay lawyer and his best friend Grace Adler, a Jewish woman who owns an interior design firm. Also featured are their friends Karen Walker, a rich socialite and Jack McFarland, a struggling gay actor/singer/dancer who has numerous other brief careers. The interplay of relationships features the trials and tribulations of dating, marriage, divorce and casual sex, as well as comical key stereotypes in Jewish culture. [PAR] 101 most popular English shows on television [PAR] Will and Grace (1998 TV series): Will and Grace is set in New York City and focuses on the relationship between Will Truman, a gay lawyer and his best friend Grace Adler, a Jewish woman who owns an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Official Neighbours Tours Official Neighbours Tours [PAR] Official Neighbours Tours [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Where is Ramsay Street? Where are the studios? Where is Erinsborough High? Which Neighbours star will we meet? [PAR] Our tours to world famous Ramsay Street and to other famous sites of the show, will answer all of these questions and many more! This is truly a must-see for all tourists. Discover the insider secrets, the behind the scenes news, meet the stars or take pictures on the set (when filming is not occurring).[DOC] [TLE] Neighbours: The Perfect Blend | Frequently Asked Questions Neighbours: The Perfect Blend | Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] Your site says Scott and Charlene were married in 1987. But I remember the BBC showing that episode in 1988. Why the confusion? [PAR] What is Neighbours? [PAR] Neighbours is a fictional television serial, filmed and set in Melbourne, Australia. It follows the day-to-day lives of a group of families and friends who live in Ramsay Street, a cul-de-sac in the fictitious suburb of Erinsborough. [PAR] When and where can I watch Neighbours? [PAR] Neighbours is broadcast in more than 50 countries around the world, via a mix of international and local broadcasters. A selection of the countries that show Neighbours, including the times of screenings each day, is located in the Broadcast Times section of this site. [PAR] Where can I find out about the show's development and history? [PAR] A history of the show can be found by clicking here . [PAR] Where is Neighbours filmed? [PAR] The set of Ramsay Street is in reality a residential cul-de-sac called Pin Oak Court in the suburb of Vermont, Melbourne. Interior scenes for Neighbours are filmed in Studio B of the Global Television Complex in Nunawading - another suburb in Melbourne. The set of the Lassiter's Hotel and its shops, as well as the road that houses Grease Monkeys and the garage, are also located here. [PAR] Can I visit the sets? [PAR] As a public street, tourists are more than welcome to visit the set of Ramsay Street, and it can be located by taking a train to Glen Waverley Station and then a bus to the top of Weeden Drive. Pin Oak Court is the third road on the left as you walk down Weeden Drive. Because filming and rehearsal takes place on most days, tours of the studio are not permitted. The Neighbours production office quotes: \"Due to the multitude of requests we receive each week from people wishing to visit the set of Neighbours, Grundy Television has had to introduce a closed set policy.\" If you are in Melbourne, however, it is well worth checking out some other locations occasionally used for filming, such as the hospital and exterior of Erinsborough High. The Official Neighbours Tour offers weekday tours around Melbourne which take in The Court and other notable filming sites for a charge of $50 and a weekend tour including the backlot for $68. You can find out more about the tour by visiting their website at www.neighbourstour.com.au . [PAR] How can I meet the show's actors? [PAR] If you're lucky enough to see Neighbours scenes filmed in and around Melbourne, you may get the opportunity to meet the stars - as well as seeing them film, albeit from a distance, if visiting Pin Oak Court. There are official \"Neighbours Nights\" held at a pub in St Kilda every Monday night, where a selection of Neighbours actors drop by to meet fans and sign autographs. Tickets can be booked by visiting www.neighbourstour.com.au . [PAR] Can I become an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keeping Up With Kendall & Kylie? Is Another Kardashian ... Keeping Up With Kendall & Kylie? Is Another Kardashian Spinoff In The Works? | Access Hollywood [PAR] Keeping Up With Kendall & Kylie? Is Another Kardashian Spinoff In The Works? [PAR] February 27, 2015 7:33 AM PST [PAR] Can't get enough Kardashians? Well, you might be in luck because Kendall and Kylie Jenner may be getting their own reality show spinoff. [PAR] According to Variety , a show insider says that a series revolving around the family's youngest sister duo is possibly in discussions at E! and Ryan Seacrest Productions. [PAR] However, the magazine's sources add that formal negotiations with the girls have not taken place. Further, a spokesperson for E! has denied claims that a spinoff is in the works in a comment to Access Hollywood. [PAR] PHOTOS: Reality Sisters Kylie & Kendall Jenner [PAR] Kendall and Kylie grew up right before our very eyes as the daughters of Bruce and Kris Jenner and half-siblings of Kourtney, Kim, Khloe and Rob on \"Keeping Up With the Kardashians.\" [PAR] Kendall has since skyrocketed to success in the modeling world. She's the new face of Estee Lauder and can be seen strutting down the runway in fashion shows worldwide, most recently at Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in New York City and currently at Milan Fashion Week in Italy. [PAR] WATCH: Kendall Jenner Faces Fashion Week Criticism [PAR] Meanwhile, Kylie has made a name for herself with a hair extension line and other business endeavors. [PAR] The two have teamed up in the past as co-authors of the novel \"Rebels: City of Indra: The Story of Lex and Livia\" and on fashion collections at Topshop and PacSun. [PAR] The sisters also have quite the social media presence. Kendall has reached over 20 million followers on Instagram and over 9 million followers on Twitter. Kylie isn't far behind with 18 million Instagram followers and over 8 million Twitter followers. [PAR] \"Keeping Up With the Kardashians,\" which premiered in 2007, has had several spinoff series in the past \u2013 \"Kourtney & Khloe Take Miami\" (2009-2010), \"Khloe & Lamar\" (2011-2012), \"Kourtney & Kim Take New York\" (2011-2012), \"Kourtney & Kim Take Miami\" (2013), and most recently, \"Kourtney & Khloe Take The Hamptons\" (2014). There has also been speculation of a rumored spinoff focusing on the employees of Kourtney, Kim and Khloe's DASH clothing store, with the potential titles \"Dash Dolls\" or \"Dash Divas.\" [PAR] WATCH: Kardashians\u2019 $100 Million Deal? [PAR] Bruce Jenner is also said to be starring in a rumored upcoming docu-series that will follow his journey as he goes through a reported transition. [PAR] Contrary to a report earlier this week that the Kardashian family had secured a $100 million deal with E!, which the network called \"grossly inaccurate,\" Variety is now saying the contract is estimated to be about $20 million for three more seasons of the mothership show. Plus, the stars will reportedly get a $75,000 clothing budget per season. [PAR] Season 10 of \"Keeping Up With the Kardashians\" premieres on March 15 on E! [PAR] -- Paige Feigenbaum[DOC] [TLE] Kourtney Kardashian - Reality Tea Kourtney Kardashian - Reality Tea [PAR] Kourtney Kardashian [PAR] by Reality Tea on June 21st, 2012 [PAR] Sending out some link love to our favorite sites around the \u2018net. [PAR] Kim Kardashian Tells Oprah She\u2019s Growing Up; Florida Man Files Ridiculous Restraining Order Against The Kardashian-Jenner Family [PAR] by Reality Tea on June 16th, 2012 [PAR] Airing this weekend is the first part of Oprah\u2019s interview with America\u2019s favorite and most-hated (depending who you ask)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Fawlty Towers\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb \"Fawlty Towers\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes [PAR] Overview [PAR] 92 out of 104 people found the following review useful: [PAR] He's from Barcelona... [PAR] from Bookseller of the Blue Ridge [PAR] 7 December 2004 [PAR] If you were to look up some of the most hysterical moments on the BBC, you would no doubtably come across two names. Those names would be John Cleese and Ricky Gervais. While Gervais recently found comedy through his program called 'The Office', Cleese has been providing wit, wisdom, and down-right hysteria for the past several decades. While away from his namesake (Monty Python), you can find Cleese comfortable in several other roles that showcase his bubbling talent. One of those programs just happens to be the funniest bit of crumpet called 'Fawlty Towers'. [PAR] Remembering this show when I was a child and was on our local PBS station, I eagerly bought it when it was released on DVD about a year ago. Since then, I have watched random episodes here and there but never fully taking in the enjoyment from watching it all. So, today I decided to sit down and watch this series from beginning to end and I have yet to finish laughing. If this program doesn't define comic genius, I don't know what does. Never have I witnessed a show that has continually been fresh, hysterical (I cannot use that word enough), real, and outlandish all at the same time. Normally, with our current television programming, you need to pick or choose which it will be, but thankfully 'Fawlty Towers' is all of these and many more. [PAR] Cleese remains in top form as Basil Fawlty, the owner/manager of the B&B that just happens to have his hands and over-worked imagination in everything. With the aid of his helpers Manuel (he's from Barcelona) and Polly (co-writer Connie Booth and ex-wife of Cleese), Cleese always seems to find himself in a heap of trouble with his wife Sybil (the dragon of the hotel). Armed with physical humor and a snake-like banter, we witness everything from a dead body, hotel inspectors, a failed anniversary party, a moose head, and a Himalayan rodent of sorts happen to this simple, everyday, B&B. This is not only a few of the episodes you will find in the complete set, but also the daily stress that Basil finds himself falling into daily. [PAR] This series, again, is hysterical. Cleese is the master of his trade while proving that he can manage any task thrown in front of him. While some will argue that he overshadows the rest of the cast, I would say 'hogwash' to that. My two favorite characters in this series were Major and Manuel. The comedy that they provide cannot be found on television today. All I need to say is thank God for the BBC. [PAR] Grade: ***** out of ***** [PAR] from Manila, Philippines [PAR] 14 May 2004 [PAR] Just saw again the first four episodes of John Cleese's wonderful, wonderful Fawlty Towers, the dysfunctional hotel run by the inimitable Basil Fawlty (Cleese), and his battle-wagon wife, Sybil (Prunella Scales). Amazing how many belly laughs and guffaws the show can still inspire, and this is probably my third or fourth viewing (still, it's been years). [PAR] Even more amazing is the short documentary on the realBasil Fawlty--Donald Sinclair, manager and owner of the Gleneagle, an ex Navy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Batman (military) - Military Wiki - Wikia Batman (military) | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] French orderly during the Napoleonic Wars . [PAR] In the French Army the term for batman was ordonnance. Batmen were abolished after World War II . In the sixties there were still \"batmen\" in the French Army. [PAR] Germany [PAR] Edit [PAR] In the German Army the batman was known as Ordonnanz (\"orderly\") from the French \"ordonnance\", or colloquially as Putzer (\"cleaner\") or as Bursche (\"boy\" or \"valet\"). [PAR] The main character \u0160vejk of the antimilitarist, satirical novel The Good Soldier \u0160vejk by the Czech author J. Ha\u0161ek is the most famous portrayal of a batman drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War . (The 1967 German song \" Ich war der Putzer vom Kaiser \" is actually based on the British instrumental hit \" I Was Kaiser Bill's Batman \" of the same year, with original German lyrics.) [1] [2] [PAR] India [PAR] Edit [PAR] The old British term \"orderly\" continued into the post-independence Indian Army . It has now, however, been replaced with the Hindi word sahayak, which translates as \"assistant\" or \"helper\". There have been suggestions to do away with the practice, as the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force already have. [3] [PAR] Italy [PAR] In the Italian Army the term for batman was attendente, from the Italian verb attendere (same meaning of the English verb to attend). Attendenti were eventually abolished in 1971. [PAR] Pakistan [PAR] The term Batman, introduced by the British, is still used in the Pakistan Army. Senior officers are provided with batmen, considered general household help. [PAR] Russia and the Soviet Union [PAR] Edit [PAR] The Imperial Russian Army used the term denshchik (Russian: \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043a) for a batman. In the Russian Empire higher-ranking cavalry officers often chose Cossacks for these roles as they could be reasonably depended on to survive combat , and were also known for resourcefulness on campaign . However, they were hired help, and had to be provided with a horse also. The lower-ranking officers from serf-owning families brought a servant from home they were familiar with, particularly the infantry and artillery officers that did not require additional protection in combat, and tended to leave the servants with the unit baggage train . After abolition of serfdom in the Russian Empire (1861), many officers went on campaign without servants. [PAR] Although the positions were abolished in the post-Revolutionary Soviet Union, the recognition that higher-ranking officers required assistance soon fostered an unofficial reintroduction of the role through secondment of an NCO to the officer's staff, usually also as the driver, which also at one stage became their unofficial role and title as many officers often \"lived\" out of their vehicles. The term was borrowed from the French, but adopted to Russian pronunciation as ordinarets (Russian: \u041e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0446). [PAR] Several ordirnartsy of the marshals and generals commanding Fronts and armies during the Second World War wrote memoirs about their service. For example Zhukov 's \"driver\" was a semi-professional racing car driver Aleksandr Nikolaevich Buchin who met Zhukov by accident literally on the first day of the war when Zhukov's previous elderly driver failed to get the vehicle he was in out of the rut. Buchin drove Zhukov throughout the war and although he begun the war as a private, he ended the war in the rank of a captain. Buchin wrote his memoirs called One hundred and seventy thousand kilometres with Zhukov, at the suggestion of the marshal in the 1970s. [PAR] Turkey [PAR] The term \"posta\" is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dante's Inferno - Circle 6 - Canto 10 - Danteworlds Dante's Inferno - Circle 6 - Canto 10 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Dante opts for the most generic conception of heresy--the denial of the soul's immortality (Inf. 10.15)--perhaps in deference to spiritual and philosophical positions of specific characters he wishes to feature here, or perhaps for the opportunity to present an especially effective form of contrapasso: heretical souls eternally tormented in fiery tombs. More commonly, heresy in the Middle Ages was a product of acrimonious disputes over Christian doctrine, in particular the theologically correct ways of understanding the Trinity and Christ. Crusades were waged against \"heretical sects,\" and individuals accused of other crimes or sins--e.g., witchcraft, usury, sodomy--were frequently labeled heretics as well. [PAR] [PAR] Heresy, according to a theological argument based on the dividing of Jesus' tunic by Roman soldiers (Matthew 27:35), was traditionally viewed as an act of division, a symbolic laceration in the community of \"true\" believers. This may help explain why divisive, partisan politics is such a prominent theme in Dante's encounter with Farinata. [PAR] [PAR] Set in a northern Italian monastery, Umberto Eco's best-selling novel The Name of the Rose (1980)--made into a film (1986) starring Sean Connery, Christian Slater, and F. Murray Abraham--provides a learned and entertaining portrayal of heretics and their persecutors only a few decades after the time of Dante's poem. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Farinata cuts an imposing figure--rising out of his burning tomb \"from the waist up\" and seeming to \"have great contempt for hell\"--when Dante turns to address him in the circle of the heretics (Inf. 10.31-6). His very first question to Dante--\"Who were your ancestors?\" (10.42)-- reveals the tight relationship between family and politics in thirteenth-century Italy. As a Florentine leader of the ghibellines, Farinata was an enemy to the party of Dante's ancestors, the guelphs (before the ghibellines were defeated and the guelphs splintered into white and black factions). Although Farinata's ghibellines twice defeated the guelphs (in 1248 and 1260), the guelphs both times succeeded in returning to power--unlike the ghibellines following their defeat in 1266. Farinata's family (the Uberti) was explicitly excluded from later amnesties (he had died in 1264), and in 1283 he and his wife (both posthumously charged with heresy) were excommunicated. Their bodies were disinterred and burned, and the possessions of their heirs confiscated. [PAR] [PAR] These politically motivated wars and vendettas, in which victors banished their adversaries, literally divided Florence's populace. While there is certainly no love lost between Dante and Farinata, there is a measure of respect. Farinata, called magnanimo--\"great-hearted\"--by the narrator (10.73), put Florence above politics when he stood up to his victorious colleagues and argued against destroying the city completely (10.91-3). What does it say about Dante, himself an exiled victim of partisan politics, to present Farinata as both a political enemy and a defender of Florence? [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Whereas Farinata cuts an imposing figure, extending out of his tomb and towering above his interlocutor, Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti lifts only his head above the edge of the same tomb. A member of a rich and powerful guelph family, Cavalcante--like Dante's ancestors--was an enemy to Farinata and the ghibellines. To help bridge the hostile guelph-ghibelline divide, Cavalcante married his son (see Guido Cavalcanti below) to Farinata's daughter (Beatrice degli Uberti). While Farinata's primary concern is politics, Cavalcante is obsessed with the fate of his son (Inf. 10.58-72), whom Dante in another work calls his best friend. Cavalcante's alleged heresy may be more a matter of guilt by association with his son's world-view than a reflection of his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek alphabet - definition of Greek alphabet by The Free ... Greek alphabet - definition of Greek alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Greek alphabet - definition of Greek alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Greek+alphabet [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Greek alphabet - the alphabet used by ancient Greeks [PAR] alphabet - a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language [PAR] alpha - the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] beta - the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] gamma - the 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] delta - the 4th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] epsilon - the 5th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] zeta - the 6th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] eta - the 7th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] theta - the 8th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] iota - the 9th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] kappa - the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] lambda - the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] mu - the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] nu - the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] xi - the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] omicron - the 15th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] pi - the 16th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] rho - the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] sigma - the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] tau - the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] upsilon - the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] phi - the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] khi , chi - the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] psi - the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] omega - the last (24th) letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] Translations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Space : Saturn -- Solar System's Major Ring Bearer Planet Saturn: Facts About Saturn\u2019s Rings, Moons & Size [PAR] Planet Saturn: Facts About Saturn\u2019s Rings, Moons & Size [PAR] By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] November 17, 2014 10:25pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the second largest planet in the solar system. Saturn was the Roman name for Cronus, the lord of the Titans in Greek mythology. Saturn is the root of the English word \"Saturday.\" [PAR] Saturn is the farthest planet from Earth visible to the naked human eye, but it is through a telescope that the planet's most outstanding features can be seen: Saturn's rings. Although the other gas giants in the solar system \u2014 Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune \u2014 also have rings, those of Saturn are without a doubt the most extraordinary. [PAR] Physical characteristics of Saturn [PAR] Saturn is a gas giant made up mostly of hydrogen and helium . Saturn is big enough to hold more than 760 Earths, and is more massive than any other planet except Jupiter, roughly 95 times Earth's mass. However, Saturn has the lowest density of all the planets, and is the only one less dense than water \u2014 if there were a bathtub big enough to hold it, Saturn would float. [PAR] The yellow and gold bands seen in Saturn's atmosphere are the result of super-fast winds in the upper atmosphere, which can reach up to 1,100 mph (1,800 km/h) around its equator, combined with heat rising from the planet's interior. [PAR] Saturn spins faster than any other planet except Jupiter, completing a rotation roughly every 10-and-a-half hours. This rapid spinning causes Saturn to bulge at its equator and flatten at its poles \u2014 the planet is 8,000 miles (13,000 kilometers) wider at its equator than between the poles. [PAR] Saturn's most recent curiosity may be the giant hexagon circling its north pole, with each of its sides nearly 7,500 miles (12,500 km) across \u2014 big enough to fit nearly four Earths inside. Thermal images show it reaches some 60 miles (100 km) down into the planet's atmosphere. It remains uncertain what causes it. [PAR] Other titanic storms appear in Saturn\u2019s atmosphere once every Saturn year (approximately 30 Earth-years), disrupting the temperature and winds of the planet\u2019s skies. Six such storms have been observed on the planet since 1876, but in 2011, NASA\u2019s Cassini spacecraft became the first orbiter to observe one. [PAR] Like other giant planets, Saturn also has northern and southern lights , caused by particles from the sun. [PAR] Composition & structure [PAR] Atmospheric composition (by volume): 96.3 percent molecular hydrogen, 3.25 percent helium, minor amounts of methane, ammonia, hydrogen deuteride, ethane, ammonia ice aerosols, water ice aerosols, ammonia hydrosulfide aerosols [PAR] Magnetic field: Saturn has a magnetic field about 578 times more powerful than Earth's. [PAR] Chemical composition: Saturn seems to have a hot solid inner core of iron and rocky material surrounded by an outer core probably composed of ammonia, methane, and water. Next is a layer of highly compressed, liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a region of viscous hydrogen and helium. This hydrogen and helium becomes gaseous near the planet's surface and merges with its atmosphere. [PAR] Internal structure: Saturn seems to have a core between about 10 to 20 times as massive as Earth. [PAR] Orbit & rotation [PAR] Average distance from the sun: 885,904,700 miles (1,426,725,400 km). By comparison: 9.53707 times that of Earth. [PAR] Perihelion (closest approach to sun): 838,519,000 miles (1,349,467,000 km). By comparison:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The biodomes - Picture of Eden Project, Bodelva - TripAdvisor The biodomes - Picture of Eden Project, Bodelva - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] The biodomes - Picture of Eden Project, Bodelva [PAR] Recommended length of visit: More than 3 hours [PAR] Description: [PAR] Trek through the world's largest indoor rainforest, take in the sights... [PAR] read more [PAR] Trek through the world's largest indoor rainforest, take in the sights and smells of our Mediterranean Biome, and explore our huge outdoor gardens. At the Eden Project you'll discover the fascinating relationships between plants and people. You'll also find a full calendar of family events throughout the year and music festivals in the summer. As an educational charity we run transformational social and environmental projects locally and internationally. [PAR] Other Recent Reviews[DOC] [TLE] The biodomes - Picture of Eden Project, Bodelva - TripAdvisor The biodomes - Picture of Eden Project, Bodelva - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] The biodomes - Picture of Eden Project, Bodelva [PAR] Recommended length of visit: More than 3 hours [PAR] Description: [PAR] Trek through the world's largest indoor rainforest, take in the sights... [PAR] read more [PAR] Trek through the world's largest indoor rainforest, take in the sights and smells of our Mediterranean Biome, and explore our huge outdoor gardens. At the Eden Project you'll discover the fascinating relationships between plants and people. You'll also find a full calendar of family events throughout the year and music festivals in the summer. As an educational charity we run transformational social and environmental projects locally and internationally. [PAR] Other Recent Reviews"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harare Map, Capital of Zimbabwe - Maps of World Harare Map, Capital of Zimbabwe [PAR] Population Density [PAR] 4,330/sq mi (2,540/sq km) [PAR] Harare is the capital of Zimbabwe. The city was a fort when the Pioneer Column founded it in 1890. The city was formally known as Salisbury. It became a city in 1935 and was made the capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. The city was renamed Harare on April 18th, 1982 during the second anniversary of Zimbabwean independence. The name has been taken from the Shona chieftain Neharawa. [PAR] Harare was politically and economically affected in the early 21st century. In May 2005,the Zimbabwean government demolished the shantytowns in the other cities of the country, resulting in a sharp reaction from the international community. The Harare is the largest city in Zimbabwe and is also the administrative, commercial and communications center of the country. [PAR] Geography of Harare : [PAR] The city of Harare is situated in the northeastern part of Zimbabwe. Harare is also the capital city of Zimbabwe. As per the Harare geography, the city lays on the geographical coordinates of 17\u00b0 50' South and 31\u00b0 03' East latitude and longitude respectively. It is situated at an elevation of 1480 meters (4858 feet) above sea level. [PAR] Harare is set above the lowlands of the Zambezi River in the north and Limpopo River in the south. The geography of Harare features that it lies on a high-lying plateau. Harare enjoys a warm and wet season from November to March/April, cool and dry climate from May to August and a hot and dry climate in September/October. Manyame River is a major river of Harare that flows in the southwestern part of the city. [PAR] Some of the nearby cities and towns of Harare are: [PAR] Arcadia [PAR] Eastlea [PAR] History of Harare : [PAR] As per the history of Harare, the city was founded in 1890 by Pioneer Column, which was a military volunteer force organized by Cecil Rhodes. This force was led by Major Frank Johnson. Harare was given the status of a fort at that time. It was then known by the name of 'Fort Salisbury'. The name was kept after the then British Prime Minister, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. [PAR] After sometime, the place was known only as 'Salisbury'. In 1897, Salisbury was declared as a municipality. Railway was introduced in Salisbury in 1899 in the month of May. Cleveland Dam built the Seke Dam in 1913 to introduce piped water in Salisbury. In course of time a locomotive steam boiler was established for supplying electricity. By 1935, a number of industries and factories came up in the region. It was in the year of 1935, that Harare was declared as a city. According to the history of Harare, it served as the capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland for ten long years from 1953 to 1963. Thereafter, it became the capital city of Southern Rhodesia. Zimbabwe achieved its independence on 18th April, 1980. On the same day in 1982, Harare got its current name. The name Harare has been derived from the Shona inhabitants Neharawa. They used to inhabit at 'The Kopje', on which the city of Harare stands presently. [PAR] Due to the pleasant weather, the city is also known as the 'Sunshine City'. As per the contemporary history of Harare, it is one of the developed cities of southern Africa with a multi-ethnic character. [PAR] When to Visit : [PAR] Best Time : Spring or winters (May to August) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dirty Harry (film series) - DirtyHarry Wiki - Wikia Dirty Harry (film series) | DirtyHarry Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Dirty Harry (film series) [PAR] Share [PAR] Dirty Harry is the name of a series of films and novels starring fictional San Francisco Police Department Homicide Division Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan , portrayed by Clint Eastwood . Eastwood's character also helped popularize the .44 Magnum , as Harry Callahan is famously shown wielding his Smith & Wesson Model 29 revolver. The film series spanned 17 years. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Main article: Dirty Harry [PAR] Dirty Harry ( 1971 ), directed by Don Siegel . In this film Harry tracks serial killer Scorpio. Eastwood's iconic portrayal of the blunt-speaking, unorthodox detective set the style for a number of his subsequent roles, and the box-office success of the film led to the production of four equally successful sequels . The \"alienated cop\" motif was one subsequently imitated by a number of other films. This film features Eastwood intoning, \"You've got to ask yourself a question: Do I feel lucky? Well, do ya, punk?\" (The line is often misquoted as \"Do you feel lucky, punk?\") [PAR] This movie became iconic, mirrored by other movies, especially the rest of the Dirty Harry films, because it was a portrayal of social protests, pointing out that it was easier for the justice system to protect potential suspects ahead of enforcing the rights of victims while ignoring citizens who were in danger or who had been murdered. It was the sixth-highest grossing film of 1971 after Fiddler on the Roof , Billy Jack , The French Connection , Summer of '42 , and Diamonds Are Forever . [PAR] Magnum Force (1973) [PAR] Main article: Magnum Force [PAR] Magnum Force ( 1973 ), directed by Ted Post . The main theme of this film is vigilante justice , and the plot revolves around a group of renegade traffic cops who are executing criminals who have avoided conviction in court. Despite Harry's penchant for strong-arm methods, he does not tolerate coldblooded murder of the accused and resolves to stop the killers. In this film Harry's catch-phrase is \"A man's got to know his limitations.\" [PAR] The Enforcer (1976) [PAR] Main article: The Enforcer (1976 film) [PAR] The Enforcer ( 1976 ), directed by James Fargo . In this film, Harry is teamed up with an inexperienced female partner Kate Moore ( Tyne Daly ), and takes on a terrorist ring calling themselves The People's Revolutionary Strike Force . The film contains feminist themes and is generally considered more \" politically correct \" than its predecessor Template:Citation needed . Harry opposes introducing inexperienced inspectors to the dangers of police work, whether male or female, and sees the homicide department as too dangerous for his new partner, who worked until recently in Records. He has nothing against female police officers; he simply feels that Moore is too green. However, \"by the book\" Inspector Moore, though starting out overenthusiastic, proves herself valuable, and matures quickly, earning Harry's respect in the process. [PAR] Sudden Impact (1983) [PAR] Main article: Sudden Impact [PAR] Sudden Impact ( 1983 ), directed by Clint Eastwood . The film's plot revolves around an aging, but still bitter \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan being sent to a small town to follow up a lead in a murder case, which leads him directly to a rape victim who is out to avenge herself and her catatonic sister by killing the people who sexually assaulted them. It is best known for the phrase \"Go ahead, make my day,\" which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Palmerston Park | Queen Of The South FC | Football Ground ... Palmerston Park | Queen Of The South FC | Football Ground Guide [PAR] Queen Of The South FC [PAR] Palmerston Park [PAR] Telephone No: 01387 254 853 [PAR] Fax No: 01387 240 470 [PAR] Pitch Size: 112 x 73 yards [PAR] Club Nickname: Doonhamers [PAR] Home Kit Colours: Royal Blue & White [PAR] Official Web Site: [PAR] What's The Ground Like? [PAR] Palmerston Park is a great looking traditional ground, with a nice blend of new and old stands. On one side of the ground is the relatively new Rosefield Salvage (East) Stand. This smart looking, all seated single tier stand, is covered and runs the full length of the pitch. It has a capacity of 2,192 seats. Opposite is the Gates Power Grandstand, a classic looking covered seated stand, that has a raised seated area. It only runs for around half the length of the pitch, straddling the half way line. There are small portions of terracing at the front of the stand and at either side. [PAR] At one end is the Portland Drive Terrace. This is a fair sized terrace, that is partly covered (to the rear). The roof has a gable perched upon it, which features a traditional looking clock. The stadium has benefited recently with the re-opening of the Terregles Street End. This open terrace had been closed for some years, but after some repairs and safety work, it is now in use once again, boosting the overall capacity of the ground by almost 2,000. Palmerston Park also has a striking set of floodlights. [PAR] Future Developments [PAR] Martin Buchan informs me; 'The club have drawn up plans to bring the ground up to the 6,000 capacity needed for SPL football. This would involve the building of a new stand at the Teregles End of the ground, which would be similar in design to the existing East Stand. The Portland Drive Terrace would also be made all seated. In addition the pitch would be extended to comply with the current rules for European matches'. [PAR] What Is It Like For Visiting Supporters? [PAR] Away fans are located in the relatively new Rosefield Salvage Stand, which is shared with home supporters. Around half this stand is allocated, which is around 1,100 seats. If demand requires it, then the Terregles Street open terrace can also be allocated, taking the total allocation to around 3,000. The facilities in the Rosefield Salvage Stand and view of the action are pretty good and even a small amount of away supporters can really generate some noise from it. Plus unlike the Terregles Street End it has cover. [PAR] R Shields a visiting Clyde supporter informs me; 'This is perhaps one of the best, if not the best day out in the first division. A hospitable ground, good facilities, placed in a town that is enjoyable to visit. Queens are good competition, and if I had to single out a favourite away game, then this would be it!' [PAR] Whilst [PAR] Philip Addison a visiting Darlington supporter adds; 'The ground was a mixture of a new stand, an updated old stand and old terraces. It felt like a throwback to watching football in years gone by. The atmosphere was lively, especially at times when a bagpipe player was blowing'. [PAR] Please note that cash is not accepted at the turnstiles. Away fans can purchase tickets at the ticket office located behind the Rosefield Salvage Stand. [PAR] Where To Drink? [PAR] There is a bar at the ground, at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mystery of the Clerical Detective - Amy Welborn The Mystery of the Clerical Detective [PAR] The Mystery of the Clerical Detective [PAR] It\ufffds no mystery why priests and religious are natural choices to be the protagonists of mystery fiction. [PAR] What is a mystery, after all, but the story of a confrontation between good and evil, an attempt to restore justice to creation, and to shed light into the darkness? This is what ministry is about, as well, so calling the ordained or vowed forces of good to the scene of a crime makes perfect literary sense. [PAR] When we consider the question of clerics and mysteries, the first figure most of us think of is G.K. Chesterton\ufffds Father Brown. The first Father Brown story was published in 1910 in the Saturday Evening Post, years before [PAR] Chesterton had even converted to Roman Catholicism. Forty-eight Father Brown stories were published before Chesterton\ufffds death, and for many, the unassuming Catholic priest, who solved mysteries through close observation and intuition, remains the model clerical detective, unmatched by any subsequent efforts by other authors. [PAR] Not that these authors haven\ufffdt tried. Their success depends on the same factors by which we judge any piece of fiction in general and mystery fiction in particular: is the writing evocative or flat and cliched? Are the characters three-dimensional, or are they just types who do little but lie flat on the page? Do the situations in the narrative arise organically and naturally, or are they obvious constructs? [PAR] And what does the religious identity of the detective add to the story? Is it relevant to the tale, or is it merely a gimmick in a narrative that could it have just as well have been told with a gas station attendant searching for clues instead? [PAR] Let\ufffds see how this works: Kate Gallison has penned a series featuring an female Episcopal priest named Mother Lavinia Grey. In Grave Misgivings , [PAR] Mother Grey must figure out why the grave of a young woman\ufffds grandfather isn\ufffdt where it\ufffds supposed to be, and then who could have murdered an old enemy of the same grandfather. The plot isn\ufffdt much to begin with, and it\ufffds not helped by simplistic writing or enhanced by the fact that the sleuth at hand is a priest. There\ufffds nothing distinctively spiritual about her perspective, her job doesn\ufffdt impact the case at all, nor does she bring any particular moral weight to the resolution. [PAR] Just a little better, which means still not very good, is the series featuring Sister Mary Helen, written by a real religious sister, Carol Ann O'Marie. I read Death of an Angel , in which the intrepid older Sister Mary Helen solves the mystery of a local murder-rapist, and tries to help a sad young woman with [PAR] problems of her own. Granted, here the protagonist acts out of her vocation - she's compassionate, and one of the victims of the murderer was an acquaintance of hers. But the mystery itself is amazingly clumsy, and the characters are flatter than my floor. Not exactly a good read. [PAR] Jesuit priest and novelist Fr. Brad Reynolds is worlds beyond either Gallison\ufffds or O'Marie's attempts in at least one of the volumes of his series featuring Father Mark Townsend, solving mysteries up in Washington state. Cruel Sanctuary is a surprisingly gripping book, rich with detail, psychological truth , a plot in which events are consistent and reasonable, rather than randomly picked from the Red Herring Basket, and a protagonist [PAR] whose spiritual life actually impacts his actions as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robbie Coltrane - IMDb Robbie Coltrane - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Writer [PAR] Robbie Coltrane, one of Britain's most popular comedians who was head of debating society at school and won prizes for his art, is now a film star who played in two James Bond films and in the \"Harry Potter\" franchise. Coltrane was born Anthony Robert McMillan on March 30, 1950, in Rutherglen, a suburb of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. His mother, Jean ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:[DOC] [TLE] Robbie Coltrane - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Robbie Coltrane | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Robbie Coltrane, (born Anthony Robert McMillan on 30 March , 1950 ), is a Scottish actor, comedian and author. [PAR] Robbie Coltrane was born in Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire. He now lives in Killearn Stirlingshire, currently separated from his wife, and is the father of two children, Spencer and Alice. [PAR] As with Richard Harris being told by his granddaughter that she would never speak to him again if he didn't take the role of Albus Dumbledore , Robbie mainly took the role of Rubeus Hagrid because his children, Alice and Spencer, pressured him into it. He also wished to do it, because J. K. Rowling only wanted him for the part. [PAR] In 2006 , Robbie received an OBE for his services to drama. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Earlier career [PAR] Robbie has produced and directed two different shows as well as writing four scripts for shows. He has appeared/been credited in over 80 shows and films combined, including popular hits such as GoldenEye and The World Is Not Enough (a pair of James Bond films starring Pierce Brosnan ), Message in a Bottle with Kevin Costner , and From Hell with Johnny Depp . He also appeared in the 1986 comedy series Blackadder II, which also featured Miranda Richardson . In 1990 he starred in Nuns on the Run alongside Eric Idle as Charlie McManus. In 1991, Coltrane played the title role in the comedy film The Pope Must Die, which garnered controversy over its title (resulting in it being retitled The Pope Must Diet in some markets). [PAR] During the mid-1990s, Coltrane starred in a popular UK crime drama TV series entitled Cracker ; he reprised the role for a made-for-TV film in 2006. In 2004, he appeared in the two-part series finale of Frasier as Daphne Moon's mumbling brother Michael. [PAR] Coltrane lent his voice to the CGI-film The Tale of Despereaux from Universal Studios , which also featured the voices of Emma Watson and Ciaran Hinds , who played Hermione Granger and Aberforth Dumbledore in the Harry Potter film series. [PAR] After Harry Potter [PAR] Robbie later served as a voice actor again in Walt Disney Pictures and Pixar Animation Studios's film Brave alongside Emma Thompson , Kelly Macdonald , and Julie Walters . [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] It was actually J. K. Rowling , the author herself, that suggested Coltrane to the then director Chris Columbus for the role of Rubeus Hagrid . [1]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Orwell (Author of 1984) George Orwell (Author of 1984) [PAR] Fiction , Politics , Journalism [PAR] Influences [PAR] edit data [PAR] Eric Arthur Blair, better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language, and a belief in democratic socialism. [PAR] In addition to his literary career Orwell served as a a police officer with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922-1927 and fought with the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War from 1936-1937. Orwell was severely wounded when he was shot through his throat. Later the organization that he had joined when he joined the Republican cause,The Workers Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), was painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotsk Eric Arthur Blair, better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language, and a belief in democratic socialism. [PAR] In addition to his literary career Orwell served as a a police officer with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922-1927 and fought with the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War from 1936-1937. Orwell was severely wounded when he was shot through his throat. Later the organization that he had joined when he joined the Republican cause,The Workers Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), was painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organization (Trotsky was Joseph Stalin's enemy) and disbanded. Orwell and his wife were accused of \"rabid Trotskyism\" and tried in absentia in Barcelona, along with other leaders of the POUM, in 1938. However by then they had escaped from Spain and returned to England. [PAR] Between 1941 and 1943, Orwell worked on propaganda for the BBC. In 1943, he became literary editor of the Tribune, a weekly left-wing magazine. He was a prolific polemical journalist, article writer, literary critic, reviewer, poet and writer of fiction, and, considered perhaps the twentieth century's best chronicler of English culture. [PAR] Orwell is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (published in 1949) and the satirical novella Animal Farm (1945) \u2014 they have together sold more copies than any two books by any other twentieth-century author. His 1938 book Homage to Catalonia, an account of his experiences as a volunteer on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War, together with numerous essays on politics, literature, language, and culture, are widely acclaimed. [PAR] Orwell's influence on contemporary culture, popular and political, continues decades after his death. Several of his neologisms, along with the term \"Orwellian\" \u2014 now a byword for any oppressive or manipulative social phenomenon opposed to a free society \u2014 have entered the vernacular. ...more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gerry Rafferty \u2013 Baker Street | sloppybuddhist Gerry Rafferty \u2013 Baker Street | sloppybuddhist [PAR] What is this world condition? [PAR] Body is the world condition. [PAR] And with body and form goes feeling, perception, consciousness, and all the activities throughout the world. [PAR] winding your way down on Baker Street [PAR] light in your head, and dead on your feet [PAR] well another crazy day"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | England | Southern Counties | Milligan ... BBC NEWS | UK | England | Southern Counties | Milligan gets last laugh on grave [PAR] Milligan gets last laugh on grave [PAR] Spike Milligan decided on his epitaph before he died in 2002 [PAR] Comedy legend Spike Milligan has finally got the last laugh, more than two years after his death. [PAR] It follows an agreement with the local diocese over the wording on the headstone of his grave at St Thomas's Church in Winchelsea, East Sussex. [PAR] Relatives of the former Goon have now decided that it can bear the star's epitaph: \"I told you I was ill.\" [PAR] However, the inscription had to be written in Gaelic in order for it to be approved by the Chichester Diocese. [PAR] Milligan, who was an Irish passport holder, was buried close to his home in Udimore after he died, aged 83, from liver failure in February 2002. [PAR] But fans visiting his grave found it was only marked by some plants and a small statue because his family had been unable to agree on the headstone. [PAR] We're very pleased it's been resolved and with such a classic Spike line [PAR] Bill Horsman, of the Goon Show Preservation Society [PAR] It now bears the words \"Duirt me leat go raibh me breoite\", or \"I told you I was ill\", and the English words \"Love, light, peace\". Bill Horsman, chairman of the Goon Show Preservation Society, said: \"News of the headstone going up on Spike's grave is marvellous. [PAR] \"We had been very concerned for some time about the situation. [PAR] \"It was very sad that the grave was in such a state, but it was down to very sensitive family problems and we simply could not get involved. [PAR] \"We're very pleased it's been resolved and with such a classic Spike line. [PAR] \"We all fell about laughing when we heard it.\" [PAR] Milligan formed the Goons with Peter Sellers, Harry Secombe and Michael Bentine and was widely regarded as one of the greatest influences on British comedy."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE BEATLES LYRICS - Penny Lane THE BEATLES LYRICS - Penny Lane [PAR] THE BEATLES LYRICS [PAR] In Penny Lane there is a barber showing photographs [PAR] Of every head he's had the pleasure to have known [PAR] And all the people that come and go [PAR] Stop and say hello [PAR] On the corner is a banker with a motorcar [PAR] The little children laugh at him behind his back [PAR] And the banker never wears a mac [PAR] In the pouring rain, very strange [PAR] Penny Lane is in my ears and in my eyes [PAR] There beneath the blue suburban skies [PAR] I sit, and meanwhile back [PAR] In Penny Lane there is a fireman with an hourglass [PAR] And in his pocket is a portrait of the queen [PAR] He likes to keep his fire engine clean [PAR] It's a clean machine [PAR] Penny Lane is in my ears and in my eyes [PAR] A four of fish and finger pies [PAR] In summer, meanwhile back [PAR] Behind the shelter in the middle of a roundabout [PAR] The pretty nurse is selling poppies from a tray [PAR] And though she feels as if she's in a play [PAR] She is anyway [PAR] In Penny Lane the barber shaves another customer [PAR] We see the banker sitting waiting for a trim [PAR] And then the fireman rushes in [PAR] From the pouring rain, very strange [PAR] Penny lane is in my ears and in my eyes [PAR] There beneath the blue suburban skies [PAR] I sit, and meanwhile back [PAR] Penny lane is in my ears and in my eyes [PAR] There beneath the blue suburban skies [PAR] Penny Lane [PAR] Visit www.azlyrics.com for these lyrics. [PAR] Thanks to Zainab Firdausi, pooksie for correcting these lyrics. [PAR] Writer(s): Paul Mccartney, John Lennon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of the addresses of fictional characters - Wikibin List of the addresses of fictional characters [PAR] Donate to Wikibin [PAR] List of the addresses of fictional characters [PAR] This is a list of the addresses of fictional characters, from various media such as television, literature, or film. [PAR] 1 [PAR] *13 Rue del Percebe (comic of same name by Francisco Ibanez) [PAR] A [PAR] * Abbott family (Bless This House) - Birch Avenue, Putney, UK [PAR] * The Addams Family - Cemetery Ridge, USA [PAR] * Alexander, Susan (Citizen Kane) - 185 West 74th Street, New York, New York [PAR] * Anderson family (Father Knows Best) - 607 South Maple Street, USA [PAR] * Larry Appleton and his cousin Balki Bartokomous (Perfect Strangers) - 711 Calhoun Street, Chicago, Illinois [PAR] * Jon Arbuckle and his pets (Garfield) - alternately 711 Maple Street, USA (comic strip) or 357 Shady Grove Lane, USA (TV series) [PAR] * Lew Archer's office (series of novels) - 8411 1/2 Sunset Boulevard, Hollywood, California [PAR] * Avengers Mansion Headquarters of the Avengers - 890 Fifth Avenue, Manhattan, New York City [PAR] B [PAR] * Barone family (Everybody Loves Raymond) - 320 Fowler Street, Lynbrook, New York (Long Island) [PAR] * Batman - Wayne Manor, Gotham City, USA [PAR] * Baxter family (Hazel) - 123 Marshall Road, Hydsberg, New York [PAR] * Mr. Bear & others (comic strip Achewood) - 62 Achewood Court [PAR] * Mr Benn - 52 Festive Road, Putney, London, UK [PAR] * Frank Black and Family (Millennium) - 1910 Ezekiel Drive, Seattle, WA [PAR] * Sirius Black (Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix) - 12 Grimmauld Place, London, UK [PAR] * Leopold Bloom - 7 Eccles St. [PAR] * Elwood Blues (The Blues Brothers) - 1060 West Addison Street, Chicago, Illinois (Wrigley Field) (according to his driver's license) [PAR] * Charlie Bone and family (Children of the Red King) - Number 9 Filbert Street [PAR] * Ed and Christopher Boone (The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time) - 36 Randolph Street, Swindon [PAR] * Boswell family (Bread) - 30 Kelsall Street, Liverpool [PAR] * The Bower Agency (Who's the Boss?) - 323 East 57th Street, New York, New York [PAR] * Bower family (Who's the Boss?) - 3344 Oak Hills Drive, Fairfield, Connecticut [PAR] * The Brady Bunch - 4222 Clinton Way, Los Angeles, California [PAR] * Emmett Brown (Back to the Future) - 1640 Riverside Drive, Hill Valley, California [PAR] * Hyacinth Bucket (Keeping Up Appearances) - Blossom Avenue, UK [PAR] * Bueller family (Ferris Bueller's Day Off) - 164 North Dutton Street, Santa Monica, CA (This is in the 1990 NBC sitcom. In the original film, the Buellers lived in Shermer, Illinois, also the setting for The Breakfast Club and, possibly, the homes of Neal Page from Planes, Trains and Automobiles and the McAllister family from Home Alone, all films directed by John Hughes.) [PAR] * Phoebe Buffay (Friends) - 5 Morton St. Apt. 14. New York City New York (Manhattan) USA [PAR] * Bundy family (Married... with Children) - 9764 Jeopardy Lane, Chicago, Illinois [PAR] * Bunker family (All in the Family) - 704 Hauser Street, New York City, New York (Astoria, Queens) [PAR] * Burber family - 9 Chickweed Lane (daily comic strip of the same name) [PAR] * Bureau de l'Invisible (French novel series) - 28 Crawford Street, a corner away from Baker Street in London [PAR] * Montgomery Burns (The Simpsons) - 1000 Mammon Lane, Springfield, USA [PAR] C [PAR] * Minnie Caldwell (Coronation Street) - 15 Jubilee Terrace until"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Victorian Railway Stations that Tried to Span the Thames Ian Visits \u2014 2 Comments \u2193 [PAR] Blackfriars railway station has recently become the first station to span right across the River Thames, with entrances on both sides of the river \u2013 but it wasn\u2019t the first time that someone tried to put a railway bridge across the Thames. [PAR] There were a number of attempts, two notable ones which are quite interesting, and had they been completed, the railway history of the centre of London would have been very different. [PAR] The first, which actually came closer to being built was to be known as the Westminster Terminus Railway, which was planned to be a railway running from Clapham Junction with a major terminus station just around the corner from Parliament ( route map ). This was all before the two Victoria Stations were planned a bit further down the road. [PAR] The railway would also include a station at Pimlico which would have spanned the river and would have also included a walkway on the side to offer a pedestrian route across the river. [PAR] The railway was approved by Parliament in 1854, although it took until February 1856 for the Admiralty to approve the bridge across the Thames after concluding that it would not interfere with river traffic. [PAR] The purpose of the railway was to divert commuter traffic from Waterloo and London Bridge, where people were then forced to continue their journey by omnibus to Whitehall, causing considerable road congestion. Indeed, the railway was submitted as part of a wider review into London\u2019s transport needs by a Parliamentary Committee in 1855. [PAR] The bridge/station was no mere idle fancy though, it\u2019s location was specifically chosen to take advantage of passenger river traffic on the twopenny boats, and also cargo deliveries. [PAR] What is slightly curious about the railway though is that while it was designed to have a station within Westminster, and the bridge would be \u2014 as with Blackfriars \u2014 just a passing station, the plans submitted clearly show that it is a terminus, and there is no way trains would be able to proceed further. I can only presume they planned to build the bridge station first, and extend it into Westminster proper at a later date. [PAR] Sadly though, the whole scheme was abandoned just a year later as the Victoria Station & Pimlico Railway secured permission for its railway into the heart of Victoria. [PAR] The second railway would have had an even more dramatic impact on central London though \u2014 potentially affecting the entire Waterloo/Charing Cross complex of stations. [PAR] The South-Western Railway opened in 1848 what was at the time never intended to be a terminus station at Waterloo \u2014 called Waterloo Bridge \u2014 with the terminus expected to be much closer to the City of London. [PAR] During the 1855 hearings, plans were submitted by the railway to build an extension from Waterloo which would run over the Thames, replacing the Hungerford Bridge \u2013 which at the time was just a pedestrian bridge leading to the Hungerford food market. [PAR] The market would remain, but the bridge would be demolished and replaced with a much larger railway bridge, on which a terminus station would be constructed. As with its Pimlico counterpart, this would have entrances on both sides of the river, and a pedestrian pathway along the sides. [PAR] It\u2019s worth noting that at the time the Hungerford footbridge was privately owned and charged a toll for use, of one half-penny per person to cross it, bringing in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] vienna.pdf - scribd.com vienna.pdf | Vienna | Berlin [PAR] vienna.pdf [PAR] You're Reading a Free Preview [PAR] Pages 4 to 35 are not shown in this preview. [PAR] Sign up to vote on this title [PAR] UsefulNot useful [PAR] This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? [PAR] CANCEL [PAR] We've moved you to where you read on your other device. [PAR] Get the full title to continue [PAR] Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. [PAR] Restart preview[DOC] [TLE] ufdc.ufl.edu QUARTERLY OF THE INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA [PAR] DECEMBER 1973 VOL. 7-NO. 4 [PAR] HISTORY [PAR] Concerning Jamaica's 1760 Slave Rebellions . . . . .Carl A. Lane 2 [PAR] Das Licht auf dem Galgen [PAR] A German Marxist Author on Jamaican History . . Eckhard Breitinger 5 [PAR] Jack Mansong, Bloodshed or Brotherhood .. . . . L. Alan Eyre 9 [PAR] SCIENCE [PAR] Politics, Pollution and Power . . . . . . Dr. TrevorA. Byer 15 [PAR] A Saga of Frogs . . .. . . . . . George R. Proctor 29 [PAR] The Church and Urbanization in the Caribbean . . . W. Kane, S. J. 32 [PAR] ART LITERATURE MUSIC [PAR] The Entertainers- 1973 .... . . . . . . .BariJonson 38 [PAR] Ikebana. . . . . .. . . . Aimee Webster 47 [PAR] Festival '73 Junior Poetry . .. . .. . . . . 50 [PAR] Boxer Exhibition. . . . . . . . Basil McFarlane 51 [PAR] The Gonzales Kayiga Exhibition .. . . . . John Maxwell 54 [PAR] Front Cover: \"Ethiopian Orthodox Church celebrating Feast of Epiphany\". [PAR] Colour Transparency by Tony Russell [PAR] Inside Cover: \"Tembe Muntslad\" [PAR] Back Cover: \"The King Must Die\" [PAR] Sculpture by Roy V.S. Lawrence [PAR] Correction : The picture identified as \"Boats\" by Vivian Morrison on Page [PAR] 65 of March-June '73 issue actually should have been credited [PAR] as \"FISHERMEN\" by Leeford Capleton. [PAR] History [PAR] \"Did he have a moral and emotional invest- [PAR] ment in the certainty of the slave system's [PAR] essential justice?\" [PAR] Jamaica's servile insurrections of 1760 constitute a heroic [PAR] chapter in the history of black people's efforts to resist western [PAR] slavery. Within a seven month period slaves in St. Mary, [PAR] Westmoreland, Portland, and Kingston, as well as in several [PAR] places along the north coast and in the interior, boldly attempt- [PAR] ed to destroy the men and institutions which held them in [PAR] bondage. As was true of many aspects of black history, until [PAR] recently these uprisings received little if any scholarly atten- [PAR] tion. Nevertheless, despite the current interest in such matters [PAR] there still exists a degree of misunderstanding regarding the [PAR] causes and nature of the 1760 rebellions. A recent article in [PAR] the Jamaica Journal, for example, maintained that all the [PAR] revolts were the product of a single conspiracy organized and [PAR] executed by\" aslave named Tacky.1 To dramatize the unique- [PAR] ness and significance of the events of 1760 the same article [PAR] distinguished between slave riots and revolts, defining the [PAR] former as spontaneous, undirected disorder and the latter as [PAR] premeditated violence aimed at tearing down the slave system.2 [PAR] By this reasoning what happened in 1760 was different from [PAR] all previous and subsequent slave uprisings because it was [PAR] planned and purposeful. [PAR] Several problems inhere in the conspiracy interpretation of [PAR] the 1760 insurrections and derive from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the most phenomenal moment in Olympics history ... What is the most amazing Olympic moment? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Carly Geehr , former USA Swimming National Team Member [PAR] Jason Lezak [PAR] Final Leg Men's 4x100 Freestyle Relay [PAR] 2008 Beijing Olympics [PAR] I am only recalling a very special moment from our most recent games prior to the 2012 London Games. It may not be the greatest of moments, but captured a moment of raw athleticism, determination and fortitude that I remember watching personally and will tell my kids about in the future. [PAR] In the men's 4x100 freestyle relay the Americans were nearly a full swimmer's length behind the French. The French had made themselves the villains of that Olympics after their hubris taunts of undoing record hopeful Michael Phelps\u2019 chance at the big show, this very race. The veteran swimmer Jason Lezak, was anchor and the last hope of the Americans. Using feats of skill granted only to dolphins and demigods, he rode the waves of the French swimmer, adding the force of his adversary to his own mighty strokes. As the hopes and dreams of American watching all but hit the floor a glimmer arose. Lezak began to close the distance, then the turn around and we saw the massive lead begin to dwindle. The announcer's voice began to quicken as we began to lean forward as we dared to hope again. We moved closer to our screens as the distance narrowed. The race is almost over and Lezak is now only an arm's length away. The second announcer begins to scream \"Can he do it?!\" as we were screaming from our living rooms thousands of miles away. \"Go, Go, Go, GO, GO, GO, GO!\" They are neck and neck as they passed the red rope entering the finish. Not a single American seat was occupied when we saw the 1 followed by United States and the Red, White and Blue immediately precede the French Blue, White and Red. I remember screaming with my wife as we danced and hugged and cheered for the guy nobody had ever heard of, Jason Lezak. [PAR] I don't care that much about sports, and I never cared about swimming, but I am very patriotic to the country that I love (perhaps you noticed.) When I tell my kids about what it means and Olympian, nay an American, I will always mention this moment. That it means never giving up when faced with surmounting challenges, when you've fallen behind, and when everyone else has all but given up on you, you ride the wave of your adversaries to take victory with in the last moments before it is lost, or in this case, 8/100ths of a second before. [PAR] Jason Lezak: [PAR] At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Lezak was the oldest male on the U.S. swim team. He anchored the U.S. 4\u00d7100 m freestyle relay team that won the gold medal and set a new world record. In the final 25 meters, Lezak overtook French team anchor Alain Bernard (the world record holder in the 100m freestyle going into the relay) to win gold despite Bernard having nearly a full body length's advantage when Lezak started his leg and half a body length with 25 meters from the end. Lezak split a 46.06, the fastest 100 meter freestyle split in history, by nearly six tenths of a second. Rowdy Gaines commented shortly after the race that \"that might be the most incredible relay split I've ever seen in my entire life.\" The final"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roulette - Free Play - Odds, Strategies & Betting Systems Roulette - Free Play - Odds, Strategies & Betting Systems [PAR] Play for Real [PAR] American vs European [PAR] While a few betting options differ, the biggest difference between American and European roulette is this: the European wheel has 36 numbers and a zero (2.70% house edge), while the American wheel also adds a 00 (5.26% house edge). [PAR] Rules of Play [PAR] The first step in playing roulette is to convert your cash into chips. Once this has been done, look over the felt layout and decide what wagers you wish to make. When you\u2019ve determined this, carefully place your chips on the area corresponding to your wager or ask the dealer to do it. [PAR] Once all wagers are made, the wheel begins to spin. Next, the roulette ball is set spinning in the opposite direction. Once the ball comes to rest in a pocket, winners are announced and receive their payouts. All losing wagers are collected by the house, and then the next round of betting begins. [PAR] Roulette Betting Options [PAR] The following are the types of bets that can be made in the game of roulette: [PAR] Odd or Even Bets [PAR] The player bets on whether the winning number is odd or even. A payout is issued if they guess correctly. Odds are 19 to 18 (French) and 1.111 to 1 (American). [PAR] Black or Red Bets [PAR] Since all pockets on a roulette wheel are colored red or black, the player may wager on which color is going to turn up during the next spin. Odds are 19 to 18 (French) and 1.111 to 1 (American). [PAR] Straight Up Bets [PAR] The player chooses a specific number and wagers on it being the winning pocket during the next spin. While the payout is respectable, this betting option offers the worst possible odds in the game. Odds of winning are 36 to 1 (French) and 37 to 1 (American). [PAR] Dozen Bets [PAR] The betting layout includes three groups, each comprised of a dozen numbers. These include 1-12, 13-24, and 25-36. Odds are 25 to 12 (French) and 2.167 to 1 (American). [PAR] Square Bets [PAR] Also referred to as a \u201ccorner\u201d bet, this wager requires the player to select four numbers on the layout that form a square. An example would be 16, 17, 19, and 20. Odds are 33 to 4 (French) and 8.5 to 1 (American). [PAR] Column Bets [PAR] A wager on one of the three vertical rows of numbers on the layout. For example, a wager on the first row would commit the player to the following numbers: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34. Odds are 25 to 12 (French) and 2.167 to 1 (American). [PAR] Top Line Bets [PAR] Player wagers on 0, 00, 1, 2, and 3. This is only available in the American version, and it offers odds of 6.6 to 1. [PAR] High Bets [PAR] A number from 19 to 36 wins this wager, as they are considered the high digits. Odds are 19 to 18 (French) and 1.111 to 1 (American). [PAR] Row Bets [PAR] Player wins if the 0 or 00 turns up. Only offered on the American version at 18 to 1 odds. [PAR] Low Bets [PAR] The player wins if the ball lands on a number from 1 to 18, as these are considered the low numbers. Odds are 19 to 18 (French) and 1.111 to 1 (American). [PAR] Street Bets [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup Soccer Facts - SoccerManiak World Cup Soccer Facts [PAR] World Cup Soccer Facts [PAR] World Cup Soccer Facts - Introduction [PAR] FIFA World Cup is the most popular soccer tournament that is followed by billions of people around the world on their Television so I wanted to take some time and make this web page dedicated to World Cup Soccer Facts only. [PAR] There are many facts about soccer World Cup and I will try to list the more relevant soccer World Cup facts. [PAR] Soccer World Cup Facts [PAR] 1. The first FIFA World Cup was held in Uruguay back in 1930 and 13 countries participated in the very first World Cup tournament. [PAR] 2. Brazilian Ronaldo Lu\u00eds Naz\u00e1rio de Lima holds the record for most World Cup goals scored. He scored 15 goals making him top World Cup goalscorer and earning him a spot in World Cup soccer facts. [PAR] 3. The oldest player to lead a Country to the World Cup title was the Italian goalkeeper and captain Dino Zoff, who at the age of 40 captained Italy to their 1982 FIFA World Cup title. [PAR] 4. Soccer World Cup facts continue with the oldest player to participate in the World Cup tournament and also score a goal. Roger Milla from Cameroon was 42 years old when he played in 1994 FIFA World Cup. [PAR] 5. World Cup facts continue with German National Franz Beckenbauer who is the only player in the history of World Cup that won the title as a player and coach for Germany. He led Germany to their title in 1974 as a player and than again won the title in 1990 as the Germany coach. [PAR] 6. First player to miss a penalty kick in World Cup competition was Valdemar de Brito of Brazil back in 1930. [PAR] 7. After winning their 2nd World Cup title in 1938, Italy went on a 44 year drought before winning their third title in 1982. [PAR] 8. World Cup soccer facts continue with Hungary holding the record for scoring most goals when they beat El Salvador 10:1 in 1982. [PAR] 9. Germany and Brazil hold the top spot for most appearances in the World Cup final. Both countries made it to the finals on 7 different occasions. [PAR] 10. Germany has also made the semi finals the most times. Germany has advanced to the final four teams in 11 different World Cups. [PAR] 11. Scotland made the World Cup qualifications 8 different times and is the only country that was actually eliminated from the tournament during the first round on 8 different occasions. [PAR] This makes Scotland the most heartbreaking of all nations, making the world cup 8 times and being eliminated in the first round 8 times :( [PAR] 12. Brazilian striker Ronaldo was named MVP at the 1998 World Cup final against France even though French came out of this game winners and 1998 World Cup champions. [PAR] 13. First goalkeeper to win the Most Valuable Player award was the German goalkeeper Oliver Kahn during the 2002 Fifa World Cup. [PAR] 14. Frenchman Just Fontaine holds the record for most World Cup goals scored when he netted 13 goals in 1958 World Cup. [PAR] 15. Italy's Vittorio Pozzo is the only head coach to lead the nation to two consecutive World Cup titles as the head coach in 1934 and 1938. [PAR] 16. Germany has played 99 World Cup matches as of 2012, making them a Nation to have played the most World Cup matches. [PAR] 17. Brazil has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A glossary of cricket terms | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo A glossary of cricket terms | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] A glossary of cricket terms [PAR] Share on Facebook Share on Twitter [PAR] Cricket, more than most sports, is full of expressions and terms designed to bewilder the newcomer (and often even the more seasoned follower). In an attempt to unravel some of the stranger terminology, we have put together a cricket glossary. If we are missing anything - and cricket commentators have an annoying habit of inventing new words and phrases - please email us and we will see if we can help. [PAR] Arm Ball A ball bowled by a slow bowler which has no spin on it and so does not turn as expected but which stays on a straight line (\"goes on with the arm\") [PAR] The Ashes Series between England and Australia are played for The Ashes (click here for more information) [PAR] Asking rate - The runs required per over for a team to win - mostly relevant in a one-dayer [PAR] Ball Red for first-class and most club cricket, white for one-day matches (and, experimentally, women once used blue balls and men orange ones). It weighs 5.5 ounces ( 5 ounces for women's cricket and 4.75 ounces for junior cricket) [PAR] Ball Tampering The illegal action of changing the condition of the ball by artificial means, usually scuffing the surface, picking or lifting the seam of the ball, or applying substances other than sweat or saliva [PAR] Bat-Pad A fielding position close to the batsman designed to catch balls which pop up off the bat, often via the batsman's pads [PAR] Batter Another word for batsman, first used as long ago as 1773. Also something you fry fish in [PAR] Beamer A ball that does not bounce (usually accidently) and passes the batsman at or about head height. If aimed straight at the batsman by a fast bowler, this is a very dangerous delivery (and generally frowned on) [PAR] Bend your back - The term used to signify the extra effort put in by a fast bowler to obtain some assistance from a flat pitch [PAR] Belter A pitch which offers little help to bowlers and so heavily favours batsmen [PAR] Blob A score of 0 (see duck ) [PAR] Bodyline (also known as leg theory ) A tactic most infamously used by England in 1932-33, although one which had been around for some time before that, in which the bowler aimed at the batsman rather than the wicket with the aim of making him give a catch while attempting to defend himself. The fielding side were packed on the leg side to take catches which resulted. This is now illegal. Click here for more . [PAR] Bosie An Australian term for a googly , now rarely used. Originated from the inventor of the delivery, BJT Bosanquet [PAR] Bouncer A short-pitched ball which passes the batsman at chest or head height [PAR] Boundary The perimeter of a cricket field, or the act of the batsman scoring a four or a six (eg \"Tendulkar hammered three boundaries\") [PAR] Box An abdominal protector worn by batsmen and wicketkeepers. It is also an old term for a fielder in the gully region. [PAR] Bump Ball A ball which is played off the bat almost instantly into the ground and is caught by a fielder. Often this has the appearance of being a clean catch [PAR] Bumper See Bouncer . [PAR] Bunny Also known as Rabbit . A member of the side who cannot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Winter Olympics 2022: Beijing chosen to stage Games - CNN Winter Olympics 2022: Beijing chosen to stage Games - CNN.com [PAR] Winter Olympics 2022: Beijing chosen to stage Games [PAR] Ingrid Piper, for CNN [PAR] Updated 1409 GMT (2209 HKT) July 31, 2015 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] India's female athlete with a voice [PAR] (CNN) [PAR] Beijing is set to become the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics after it was chosen to stage the 2022 Winter Games. [PAR] International Olympic President Thomas Bach confirmed Beijing, which hosted the Summer Games in 2008, had been chosen ahead of Almaty in Kazakshtan at the 128th IOC session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Friday. [PAR] Follow @cnnsport [PAR] \"I am so excited. This is China's pride,\" Zhang Hong, China's women's 1,000m speed skating gold medal winner at the Sochi Games, told CCTV. [PAR] Only Beijing and Almaty had been left in the running after Oslo, Munich and Stockholm bowed to public pressure and decided not to pursue plans to host the winter sports showpiece. [PAR] David vs Goliath? [PAR] Read More [PAR] Had Kazakhstan's pitch been successful it would have become the first central Asian nation to host the Winter Olympics. [PAR] With significant oil and gas reserves, it is now the largest economy in Central Asia and had been keen to use this event to increase investment, development and raise its profile. [PAR] Proven track record [PAR] But Beijing has already proved its worth as a successful Olympic host, having hosted the summer version of the games in 2008. [PAR] Its pitch was about being a safe choice and a top tourism destination with the infrastructure to handle large events. Becoming the first city to run both Olympic games could be tempting PR for the IOC. [PAR] video: #Beijing beats Almaty of Kazakhstan to win the bids for the 2022 #Olympic Winter Games. https://t.co/uQhorovfVy [PAR] \u2014 China Xinhua News (@XHNews) July 31, 2015 [PAR] Adding to Beijing's bid is the city's proven ability to control smog during the 2008 Summer Olympics. Beijing plans to stage ice events, while snow-based competitions would take place in Zhangjiakou in Heibei Province, 190 km northwest of the city. [PAR] Only this week Chinese officials re-iterated that pollution would not be a problem. [PAR] China's Vice Premier Liu Yandong delivers a speech during Beijing's 2022 Olympic Winter Games bid presentation at the 128th IOC session on July 31, 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [PAR] Xu Jicheng, deputy director of Beijing 2022's press and communications department, said that \"technically the pollution has been reduced and controlled, we have seven more years to go and it will be sunshine and white clouds.\" [PAR] Lack of choice [PAR] With only two cities -- both run by what could be considered authoritarian regimes -- bidding for the prestige of hosting the 2022 Winter Olympics the question arises as to whether the games -- and specifically the winter games -- have lost their allure. [PAR] High costs and dubious returns have arguably made democratic countries -- where politicians are forced to listen to their voting public and answerable to budget blowouts -- wary of hosting the world's biggest sporting events. [PAR] Liu Yandong, head of the Beijing 2022 Delegation, waves after placing her city's bid for 2022. [PAR] Kazakhstan's Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and President of the National Olympic Committee are pictured with bid committee members presenting their bid. [PAR] Over the past two years, cities"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1985: Boris Becker wins Wimbledon at 17 BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1985: Boris Becker wins Wimbledon at 17 [PAR] 1985: Boris Becker wins Wimbledon at 17 [PAR] A West German teenager has become the youngest ever player to win the Wimbledon tennis tournament. [PAR] Boris Becker, a 17-year-old unseeded outsider before the tournament began, raised the coveted silver trophy above his head to rapturous applause on centre court. [PAR] Becker is also the first German ever to win the title, and the first unseeded player. [PAR] He had dominated the match from the start, taking just three hours and 18 minutes to overpower eighth-seeded Kevin Curren, a South-African-born American. [PAR] Flamboyant [PAR] The match was a dramatic clash in the brilliant sunshine, made more spectacular by Becker's flamboyant style. [PAR] His massive serve sent balls scorching across the net. He scored 21 aces to Curren's 19. [PAR] Becker also has a habit of flinging himself around the court, diving headlong for volleys and baseline shots. [PAR] For half a set he played with his shirt caked in dirt after one particularly spectacular fall. [PAR] The final result was 6-3, 6-7, 7-6, 6-4. [PAR] 'Idol' for Germany [PAR] \"This is going to change tennis in Germany,\" he said after the match. \"I am the first Wimbledon winner and now they have an idol.\" [PAR] After his defeat, Kevin Curren said he thought the game would see an increase in the number of successful young players, and predicted they would have more intense, but shorter, careers. [PAR] There was some speculation that Curren had been unnerved by Becker's openly aggressive style. [PAR] The young player sent a hostile stare to his opponent before and after points, and in the final caught Curren's shoulder as they passed when changing ends. [PAR] But Becker defended his tactics, saying \"I'm going on court to win, to fight, to do what I can.\" [PAR] Child prodigy [PAR] Becker has had a brief but brilliant career. He began playing tennis aged eight, and by 12 years old was concentrating almost wholly on the game. [PAR] He won the West German junior championship aged 15 and was runner-up in the US junior championship. [PAR] Last January he took the Young Masters tournament in Birmingham, and won his first Grand Prix tournament at Queen's just three weeks ago. [PAR] He has won 28 of his 39 matches this year, and is expected to lead West Germany in the Davis Cup against the United States next month."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Your next box set: Men Behaving Badly | Television & radio ... Your next box set: Men Behaving Badly | Television & radio | The Guardian [PAR] Your next box set [PAR] Your next box set: Men Behaving Badly [PAR] For all their laddish talk, Gary and Tony, the men who never grew up, are rather pathetic \u2013 and strangely endearing [PAR] Boys will be boys ... Martin Clunes and Neil Morrissey in Men Behaving Badly. Photograph: FremantleMedia Ltd/Rex Features [PAR] Thursday 15 November 2012 10.30 EST [PAR] First published on Thursday 15 November 2012 10.30 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] When Gary proposes to Dorothy during a drunken meal, she responds two days later with a remark that seems to encapsulate the whole lad culture of the 1990s : \"Why would I want to marry a man who, although sometimes innocently entertaining, never grew up, only ever thinks of himself, takes no interest in the world, and whose idea of an elegant lifestyle is buying the most expensive lager in the off-licence?\" [PAR] Surprisingly, given the extent to which Men Behaving Badly defined the laddish 1990s, the show hasn't aged too badly. Martin Clunes and Neil Morrissey play flatmates Gary and Tony respectively (Gary's previous lodger was Dermot, played by Harry Enfield , but he left after the first series). Their flat is filled with beer cans and overflowing ashtrays. Women are \"birds\" and conversations generally revolve around things like whether, if you had to choose, bottoms are preferable to breasts. \"Can I have one of each?\" asks Gary. [PAR] Yes, it can be cringeworthy and occasionally homophobic, but what stops their behaviour and language becoming downright offensive is their powerlessness. They are just that little bit too dead end (Gary is a dull middle-manager, while Tony has a series of forgettable jobs), too suburban, too old to be behaving so badly \u2013 a couple of blokes in their 30s whose refusal to grow up is pitiful rather than admirable. For all their laddish talk, when they actually have to deal with real women, as opposed to the ones on their FHM posters , they are pathetic. Tony's attempts to impress upstairs neighbour Deborah ( Leslie Ash ) fail repeatedly. And Gary is worse. \"Your lips are like liver,\" he tells one woman he's trying to seduce. [PAR] That said, the female characters are depressingly cliched. Deborah's only function seems to be as gatekeeper to her pants. Dorothy, Gary's long-suffering girlfriend played by Caroline Quentin , is better \u2013 she calls out his sexism and has flings of her own. But she doesn't do much to dispel the idea that women are nags out to stop their menfolk having fun. Towards the end of its six-series run, the largely unexamined sexism (Tony hiring a prostitute for Gary's stag night is a real low) starts to seem played for cheap laughs. [PAR] This is a shame, because if you can get through all this (and many will), you'll find that, as pure sitcom, Men Behaving Badly really works. There are some lovely lines. \"I'd marry Debs tomorrow,\" says a lovesick Tony before remembering: \"Oh no, I can't do tomorrow \u2013 they're giving away free teas down the library.\" The physical comedy is genuinely funny, too: Gary playing with Dorothy's removed appendix made me laugh out loud. And the present George and Anthea, Gary's employees, give him in the final episode still makes me smile. There is great chemistry between the men (Clunes and Morrissey were already friends) and they are occasionally endearing: Gary knows he"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nicholas Lyndhurst - TV Celebrities - ShareTV Nicholas Lyndhurst - TV Celebrities - ShareTV [PAR] Nicholas Lyndhurst [PAR] Nicholas Lyndhurst's Main TV Roles [PAR] Show [PAR] [Complete List] [PAR] BIOGRAPHY: [PAR] Nicholas was a child student at Corona Theatre School. He appeared in a succession of television commercials and children's films in the late 1970s, and first gained national recognition at the age of seventeen in the sitcom Butterflies written by Carla Lane, in which he played the character Adam Parkinson. He then played the teenage son of Norman Stanley 'Fletch' Fletcher played by Ronnie Barker in Going Straight before achieving stardom in the series Only Fools and Horses in which he played Rodney Trotter, the younger brother of the main character Derek \"Del Boy\" Trotter. In Only Fools and Horses Nicholas was immortalised by the catchphrase aimed at his character 'Rodney, you plonker'. [PAR] This programme started as a small comedy in 1981 and rapidly grew in popularity until it reached its peak in 1996 with its Christmas Day show in the UK. Lyndhurst has appeared in the show since the very start, right up to its most recent airing at Christmas 2003. Only Fools and Horses reached No.1 British sitcom ever in the BBC poll in 2003/04. [PAR] During the 1990s, Lyndhurst also appeared in ITV's The Two of Us with Janet Dibley and The Piglet Files, as well as in a number of stage performances. [PAR] Between 1993 and 1999, he played the complex lead character of Gary Sparrow in the fantasy sitcom Goodnight Sweetheart. At around the same time, he was the face and voice on the TV and radio commercials for the telecommunications chain People's Phone. In 1995, he was offered the role in The Full Monty playing lead role Gary but declined. [PAR] Between 1997 and 1999, Nicholas Lyndhurst was the public face of the stationery chain store WH Smith, starring in their adverts as all four members of one family. He won a BAFTA for his acting in the adverts. [PAR] In 2006, he appeared as Cruella de Vil's chauffeur, Reg Farnsworth, at the Children's Party at the Palace. [PAR] In 2007, Lyndhurst returned to the BBC with his first new sitcom in thirteen years, After You've Gone, in which he plays a divorced dad moving back into the marital home to look after his daughter (Dani Harmer) and son (Ryan Sampson) together with his mother in law, played by Celia Imrie, after his ex wife goes to work as a recovery nurse on a third world disaster relief mission. [PAR] Lyndhurst played Freddie Robdal, the 1960s gangster father of Rodney Trotter in the prequel to Only Fools and Horses - Rock & Chips. The show centres around Del Boy, Robdal and Joan Trotter in early 1960s Peckham. It was first broadcast on 24 January 2010, with another special transmitted on 29 December 2010, and the final episode in Easter 2011. [PAR] He lives in West Sussex with his wife Lucy, a former ballet dancer (married in Chichester, West Sussex, 1999), and their son, Archie Bjorn Lyndhurst (born Westminster, London, 2000) and daughter, April Fjoord Lyndhurst (born Westminster, London, 1989). Lyndhurst has a passion for outdoor activities, including flying aeroplanes, surfing and deep sea diving. He is also a keen beekeeper. [PAR] TRIVIA: [PAR] Is left handed. [PAR] Attended the Corona Stage Academy. [PAR] When he did a series of adverts for WH Smith a few years ago in which he played an entire family of four, he admitted to enjoying playing the mum best. [PAR] He is the result of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HOUSE OF FRASER Archive :: Company: Pettigrew & Stephens Ltd HOUSE OF FRASER Archive :: Company: Pettigrew & Stephens Ltd [PAR] Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, Scotland [PAR] Management of company [PAR] In 1904, Andrew Hislop Pettigrew was in sole charge of the company. In 1925, he sold all the ordinary shares of the company to Austin Friars Investment Trust Ltd, of London, and resigned as chairman. John Campbell, the managing director, succeeded him as chairman. [PAR] Company history [PAR] The company was founded in 1888 as Pettigrew & Stephens. It was registered as a public limited liability company in 1904 with registered offices at 191 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. The store sold a wide range of goods, including clothes, millinery, confectionery, carpets, furniture, ironmongery and china. In 1914, it was massively extended becoming the largest department store in Scotland. In 1923, it was extended again, with the addition of a specialist men's department. In 1926, Pettigrew & Stephens Ltd was acquired by the Scottish Drapery Corporation Ltd, a management holding company, of Edinburgh. In 1952, the Scottish Drapery Corporation Ltd and its subsidiaries were acquired by House of Fraser Ltd, department store retailers, of Glasgow. In 1955, Pettigrew & Stephens Ltd went into voluntary liquidation and its business was merged with House of Fraser Ltd. [PAR] Records held for Pettigrew & Stephens Ltd:[DOC] [TLE] House of Fraser PLC - Company Profile, Information ... House of Fraser PLC - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on House of Fraser PLC [PAR] House of Fraser PLC - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on House of Fraser PLC [PAR] 1 Howick Place [PAR] United Kingdom [PAR] Company Perspectives: [PAR] We have laid the foundations for sustained long-term growth--through our programme of refurbishments, our plans for new stores, our continuing focus on international designer brands, and our ever-greater understanding of customers' needs. [PAR] History of House of Fraser PLC [PAR] House of Fraser PLC bills itself as the United Kingdom's leading retailer of designer brands--the department store chain boasts nearly 2,000 of them, including a number of popular in-house brands featuring the company's own designs. House of Fraser operates 52 department stores throughout the United Kingdom under a variety of signages, including 15 House of Fraser and six Rackhams stores, but also including Army & Navy Stores, Arnotts, Barkers of Kensington, Binns, Cavendish House of Cheltenham, Dickins & Jones, Dingles, DH Evans, David Evans, Frasers, Hammonds, Howells, Jollys, Kendals, and Schofields. Many of these store names operate as a strictly local or regional business, and often represent a single store. Yet the company's past attempts at rebranding its stores under a common name has usually met with strong local resistance. House of Fraser's average store size stands at around 100,000 square feet, although its largest stores reach more than 300,000 square feet. The company sells a full range of home furnishings in most of its stores (its smaller stores have fewer departments), including furniture, appliances, housewares, and linens, but clothing--and especially women's clothing--makes up the bulk of its sales. The company has performed a turnaround in the new millennium, reorienting its image as an up-market, fashion house; the company also has been pursuing an ambitious refurbishing program as it revamps many of its aging stores. Meanwhile, House of Fraser has embarked on a new expansion drive at the beginning of the century, calling for the addition of five new stores by 2003--and acknowledging its interest in acquiring some of its smaller competitors. [PAR] Founding a Department Store Empire in the 19th Century [PAR] The House of Fraser started out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pear cider - definition of Pear cider by The Free Dictionary Pear cider - definition of Pear cider by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Pear cider - definition of Pear cider by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pear+cider [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] per\u00b7ry [PAR] n. pl. per\u00b7ries [PAR] A fermented, often effervescent beverage made from pears. [PAR] [Middle English pere, from Old French pere, from Vulgar Latin *pir\u0101tum : Latin pirum, pear; see pear + Latin -\u0101tum, n. suff. (from neuter of -\u0101tus, -ate).] [PAR] perry [PAR] (Brewing) alcoholic drink made of pears, similar in taste to cider [PAR] [C14 pereye, from Old French per\u00e9, ultimately from Latin pirum pear] [PAR] Perry [PAR] (\u02c8p\u025br\u026a) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Biography) Fred(erick John). 1909\u201395, English tennis and table-tennis player; world singles table-tennis champion (1929); as a tennis player he won eight Grand Slam singles titles including the US Open three times (1933\u201334, 1936) and Wimbledon three times (1934\u201336) [PAR] 2. (Biography) Grayson. born 1960, English potter, embroiderer, and film-maker; won the Turner Prize (2003). [PAR] 3. (Biography) Matthew Calbraith. 1794\u20131858, US naval officer, who led a naval expedition to Japan that obtained a treaty (1854) opening up Japan to western trade [PAR] 4. (Biography) his brother, Oliver Hazard. 1785\u20131819, US naval officer. His defeat of a British squadron on Lake Erie (1813) was the turning point in the War of 1812, leading to the recapture of Detroit [PAR] Per\u2022ry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] farthing - definition of farthing in English from the ... farthing - definition of farthing in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of farthing in English: [PAR] farthing [PAR] noun [PAR] 1A former monetary unit and coin of the UK, withdrawn in 1961, equal to a quarter of an old penny. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018Back in 1698, the mill was used to forge copper blacks for the Royal Mint to strike farthings and halfpennies.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018However, there were also crowns, farthings, guineas and sovereigns, all in varying amounts and none really compatible with any of the others.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The verdict went in favour of the companies, though with derisory damages of one farthing.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Nestled inside, laying on a cushion of cloth, lay a medallion about the size of a farthing.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Whistler won, but was bankrupted after the judge awarded him only one farthing's damages and told him to pay the costs of the trial.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Pennies were cut in half and quartered into farthings, but were never to become numerous enough or of low enough value to function as \u2018small change\u2019 during this period.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018There were farthings, pennies, oxfords, crowns, florins, shillings, guineas, and pounds, among other divisions.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018We didn't save the groat, the guinea or the farthing, and thrive without them.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018During that period, he said, there was a national shortage of small-denomination half penny and farthing coins - so many local towns and even tradesmen took to minting their own tokens.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018By next February, the punt and the penny will be going the way of the farthing and half crown, becoming curios and museum pieces.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The half-penny and farthing would gradually be replaced by a half-cent and quarter-cent.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Edward I carried out a grand recoinage in 1279-80, minting new coins, silver halfpennies and farthings, to remove the need to cut, and a fourpence groat, which was not at first successful.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The silver farthing was worth a quarter of a penny.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Renovation work at the Blenheim Road school has also unearthed an old shilling and a farthing hidden behind the children's coat pegs.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The Farthing Office was a part of the Mint and Charles II had introduced, in 1672, the copper half-penny and farthing with the Britannia type.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Well what do I get for my six pence and three farthings?\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Prior to decimalization, the pound was divided into twenty shillings, each shilling into twelve pennies and each penny into four farthings.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018He showed examples of some of the first minted Thai coins, which were actually modelled on the English farthing.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The penny piece is now worth less in real terms than either the farthing or the decimal halfpenny when they were withdrawn from circulation.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018In the time of Samuel Pepys one farthing was worth roughly the same as a 10p coin would be today (you can compare monetary values since 1264 here).\u2019 [PAR] 1.1[usually with negative] The least possible amount: [PAR] \u2018she didn't care a farthing for the woman\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018Anybody who slogs through the first five pages of it knows perfectly well the book cares not a farthing for ideas; it's entertainment.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Ivy Island was an inaccessible piece of barren land, not worth a farthing.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018You don't give a farthing for any of the characters, and so the work, whatever its commercial value, is artistically nil.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The funny thing is that the cable TV company has never realized that the boxing public won't pay a farthing to see Jones do anything.\u2019 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Farm Characters | GradeSaver Animal Farm Characters | GradeSaver [PAR] Buy Study Guide [PAR] Benjamin [PAR] The donkey. He is the oldest animal on the farm and stereotypically stubborn and crotchety. He is also intelligent, being the only animal (aside from the pigs) that can read fluently. He never laughs, preferring to make cynical comments, especially the cryptic line, \u201cdonkeys live a long time.\u201d Despite Benjamin\u2019s unfriendly nature, he has a special affinity for Boxer. The Rebellion does not change Benjamin\u2019s personality, although he eventually helps the animals read the lettering on the side of the van and the maxim that replaces the Seven Commandments. Benjamin represents the human (and also stereotypically Russian) tendency towards apathy; he holds fast to the idea that life is inherently hard and that efforts for change are futile. Benjamin bears a similarity to Orwell himself. Over the course of his career, Orwell became politically pessimistic and predicted the overtake of the West by totalitarian governments. [PAR] Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher [PAR] The dogs. When Bluebell and Jessie give birth to puppies, Napoleon confiscates them and secludes them in a loft, where he transforms them into fierce, elitist guard dogs. [PAR] Boxer [PAR] The male of the two horses on the farm. He is \u201can enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work\u201d (26). Boxer has a special affinity for Benjamin. With his determination to be a good public servant and his penchant for hard work, Boxer becomes Napoleon\u2019s greatest supporter. He works tirelessly for the cause of Animal Farm, operating under his personal maxims, \u201cI will work harder\u201d and \u201cNapoleon is always right.\u201d The only time Boxer doubts propaganda is when Squealer tries to rewrite the story of Snowball\u2019s valor at the Battle of the Cowshed, a \u201ctreachery\u201d for which he is nearly executed. But Boxer recants his doubts when he learns that the altered story of the battle is directly from Napoleon. After Boxer is injured while defending the farm in the Battle of the Windmill, Napoleon sends him to be slaughtered for profit. The pigs use the money from the slaughter to buy themselves a case of whisky. Boxer is not pugnacious despite his name, but he is as strong as his name implies. In this way, Boxer is a painfully ironic character. He is strong enough to kill another animal, even a human, with a single blow from his hoof, and the dogs cannot manage to overpower him in Chapter VII. Still, Boxer lacks the intelligence and the nerve to sense that he is being used. Boxer represents the peasant or working class, a faction of humanity with a great combined strength--enough to overthrow a manipulative government--but which is uneducated enough to take propaganda to heart and believe unconditionally in the government\u2019s cause. [PAR] the Cat [PAR] The only cat on Manor Farm. She is lazy and indifferent, but she does participate in the Battle of the Cowshed. [PAR] Clover [PAR] The female of the two horses on the farm. She is \u201ca stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal.\u201d Clover is Boxer\u2019s faithful companion as well as a motherly figure to the other animals. Like Boxer, Clover is not intelligent enough to read, so she enlists Muriel to read the altered Seven"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Bowie - Biography - IMDb David Bowie - Biography - IMDb [PAR] David Bowie [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 147 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (10) | Trivia (62) | Personal Quotes (67) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] David Bowie is widely regarded as one of the most influential writers of pop music. Born David Jones, he changed his name to Bowie in the 1960s, to avoid confusion with the then well-known Davy Jones (lead singer of The Monkees ). [PAR] The 1960s were not a happy period for Bowie, who remained a struggling artist, awaiting his breakthrough. He dabbled in many different styles of music (without commercial success), and other art forms such as acting, mime, painting, and playwriting. He finally achieved his commercial breakthrough in 1969 with the song \"Space Oddity,\" which was released at the time of the moon landing. Despite the fact that the literal meaning of the lyrics relates to an astronaut who is lost in space, this song was used by the BBC in their coverage of the moon landing, and this helped it become such a success. The album, which followed \"Space Oddity,\" and the two, which followed (one of which included the song \"The Man Who Sold The World,\" covered by Lulu and Nirvana ) failed to produce another hit single, and Bowie's career appeared to be in decline. However, he made the first of many successful \"comebacks\" in 1972 with \"Ziggy Stardust,\" a concept album about a space-age rock star. This album was followed by others in a similar vein, rock albums built around a central character and concerned with futuristic themes of Armageddon, gender dysfunction/confusion, as well as more contemporary themes such as the destructiveness of success and fame, and the dangers inherent in star worship. In the mid 1970s, Bowie was a heavy cocaine abuser and sometime heroin user. [PAR] In 1975, he changed tack. Musically, he released \"Young Americans,\" a soul (or plastic soul as he later referred to it) album. This produced his first number one hit in the US, \"Fame.\" He also appeared in his first major film, The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976). With his different-colored eyes and skeletal frame, he certainly looked the part of an alien. The following year, he released \"Station to Station,\" containing some of the material he had written for the soundtrack to this film (which was not used). As his drug problem heightened, his behavior became more erratic. Reports of his insanity started to appear, and he continued to waste away physically. He fled back to Europe, finally settling in Berlin, where he changed musical direction again and recorded three of the most influential albums of all time, an electronic trilogy with Brian Eno \"Low, Heroes and Lodger.\" Towards the end of the 1970s, he finally kicked his drug habit, and recorded the album many of his fans consider his best, the Japanese-influenced \"Scary Monsters.\" Around this time, he played the Elephant Man on Broadway, to considerable acclaim. [PAR] The next few years saw something of a drop-off in his musical output as his acting career flourished, culminating in his acclaimed performance in Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983). In 1983, he recorded \"Let's Dance,\" an album which proved an unexpected massive commercial success, and produced his second number 1 hit single in the US. The tour which followed, \"Serious Moonlight,\" was his most successful ever. Faced with this success on a massive scale, Bowie apparently attempted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Murray Walker: Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken - Books Murray Walker: Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken - Books | WHSmith [PAR] Murray Walker: Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken [PAR] Add to wishlist + [PAR] Description [PAR] The voice of motor racing and much loved public figure - and the man responsible for introducing millions of viewers to the previously inaccessible world of Formula 1 - tells the story of his incident-packed life, with a brand new chapter on his globetrotting adventures since retirement. Murray Walker is a national treasure. When the man who made famous the catch phrase 'Unless I'm very much mistaken...I AM very much mistaken!!!' announced that he was retiring as ITV's Grand Prix commentator, the media reacted as if the sport itself was losing one of its biggest stars. His reputation for mistakes was the making of Walker. He was the fan who happened to be given the keys to the commentary box - and never wanted to give them back. His high-octane delivery kept viewers on the edge of their seats, while his passion for talking about the sport he loved was matched by an all-encompassing knowledge gained through hours of painstaking research before every race. In his book he writes about his childhood and the influence that his father, British motorcycle champion Graham Walker, had on his career. Failing to match his father's achievements on the track after active service in World War II, he made a successful career for himself in advertising which catapulted him to the top of his profession. An offer from the BBC to take over the commentary seat for their F1 broadcasts was too good to turn down, and it wasn't long before the infamous 'Murrayisms' enlivened a sport which until then had been shrouded in a cloak of unfathomable technical jargon and mind-numbing statistics. He also talks about the biggest changes in the sport over the last 50 years, in particular the safety issues which came to the fore after the tragic death of Ayrton Senna, which he witnessed first hand. His partnership with James Hunt behind the microphone is the subject of some hilarious anecdotes, while his views on drivers past and present such as Stirling Moss, Jackie Stewart, Damon Hill and Michael Schumacher make for fascinating reading. [PAR] Create a review [PAR] About Author [PAR] Murray Walker was born in Birmingham in 1923. His father, Graham was a motorcycle TT champion and Walker jnr saw his first race when he was two. After active service in World War II, he forged a succeesful career as an advertising executive, handling the accounts of blue-chip firms such as Mars, Esso and the Co-op. His debut as a sports commentator came in 1949, when he covered the British GP at Silverstone for BBC Radio. He has since spent more than 50 years commentating on motor racing and in particular F1, initially for the BBC before switching to ITV in 1997. He is the author of 14 books on motor racing. [PAR] Product Details[DOC] [TLE] Murray Walker Unless Im Very Much Mistaken - octanebooks.co.nz Murray Walker Unless Im Very Much Mistaken by WALKER M 9780007126972 [PAR] Country of Publication: United Kingdom [PAR] ID - 1313 [PAR] Description: [PAR] Murray Walker is acknowledged worldwide as the voice of motor racing - and the man responsible for introducing millions of viewers to the previously inaccessible world of Formula 1. Here he tells the story of his incident-packed life. Murray Walker is seen as an institution in the sport. When the man who made famous the catchphrase \"Unless I'm very much mistaken...I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Treasure Hunt (2) - UKGameshows Treasure Hunt (2) - UKGameshows [PAR] Treasure Hunt (2) [PAR] Cameraman (on location): Graham Berry [PAR] Video recordist (on location): Frank Meyburgh [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] Chatsworth Television for Channel 4, 28 December 1982 to 18 May 1989 (91 episodes in 7 series + 6 specials) [PAR] Chatsworth Television for Thames (regional), 30 October 1985 (as part of Thames Telethon) [PAR] Chatsworth Television for ITV, 29 to 30 May 1988 (as part of ITV Telethon) [PAR] Chatsworth Television for BBC Two, 16 December 2002 to 2 August 2003 (15 episodes in 2 series) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] If someone came up to you and said that Treasure Hunt was an hour of complete arse, not only do they have Tourette's Syndrome, but somewhat ironically they would be almost completely right. [PAR] Golden girl Anneka Rice with her lightweight (for 1985) radio pack. [PAR] That's because the show is infamous for Graham the Cameraman's need to film Anneka Rice 's bottom. In jump-suit as well! However, it was a groundbreaking game too, and one of Channel 4's most popular shows of the era, regularly clawing in 7-8 million viewers. [PAR] A lucky young thing gets to spend quality time with Anneka, thanks to Jim'll Fix It. [PAR] The game, then. Former BBC newsreader Kenneth Kendall helps two ordinary rich people (the first two contestants were fish farmers from Cornwall) to solve five devious cryptic clues in order to guide \"Skyrunner\" Anneka, transported by helicopter, around the five places of interest, usually on a 20x20 km map, within 45 minutes. [PAR] Come on Penny. Give me the clue. [PAR] Part of the game was that although they could communicate with Anneka via a two-way radio link, they couldn't actually see her. An unintentional difficulty factor was that the radio communications would sometimes break up, completely by accident, at unfortunate times. [PAR] In the studio, the players have access to lots of reference works and they'll need them because the clues are somewhat cryptic. For example, one clue once was: \"In a Seahawk, in a Seahawk, in a Seahawk.\" the contestants had to work out that an airbase in the area was known as the HMS Seahawk, and at that place was an actual Seahawk plane and inside that was a small model of a Seahawk plane, and the clue was in that. Often homonyms, anagrams, double meanings and other connotations needed to be solved, with a bit of quick research each time, to solve the clues. [PAR] The plans before the show began. [PAR] For most of the run of the series, back at the base was TV-AM weather girl and zoologist (a combination you tend to see everyday) Wincey Willis who gave absolutely no help whatsoever save for time checks, giving out the clues in the studio and giving the hint to the Treasure at the top of the show. Part of her job was to track what the helicopter was doing on her big board which seemed fairly pointless, truth be told. [PAR] Anneka and her crew. [PAR] What made the show entertaining were the things Anneka had to do to earn the clues and the treasure. Most of the time they just had to go to a certain place, but sometimes the clue is on a character on stage at a packed performance, under the water, in the middle of an Army Assault Course obstacle - that kind of malarkey. [PAR] We all deserve a well earned break now and then. [PAR] Even when the contestants were stuck on clues, there was always plenty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is England's Highest Mountain? - Geolounge What is England's Highest Mountain? - Geolounge [PAR] 5 [PAR] Total Shares [PAR] The highest mountain in England is called Scafell Pike. Found at 978 metres (3,209 ft) above sea level, Scafell Pike is located in Lake District National Park in Cumbria. [PAR] Ad: [PAR] The mountain is comprised of igneous rock. The shattered rock debris, thought to be from weathering such as frost action, that covers the plateau makes Scafell Pike the highest altitude example of a summit boulder field in England. [PAR] Scafell Pike also lays claim to the highest standing water in England. Broad Crag Tarn is found 820 m (2,700 ft), a quarter of a mile south of the summit. [PAR] View of the Scafell range in the English Lake District, looking west from Crinkle Crags. Original photograph taken by Mick Knapton [PAR] National Three Peaks Challenge [PAR] Scafell Pike is one of three mountains that is part of the National Three Peaks Challenge. For this challenge, participants must climb all three peaks within 24 hours. The three mountains are: Ben Nevis (at 1,344 m or 4,409 ft it is the highest mountain in Scotland), Snowdon / Yr Wyddfa (which at 1,085 m or 3,560 ft is the highest mountain in Wales), and Scafell Pike. [PAR] Location of the three mountains that make up the Three Peaks Challenge. [PAR] References[DOC] [TLE] What is the highest mountain in England? - HubPages What is the highest mountain in England? [PAR] What is the highest mountain in England? [PAR] Updated on September 4, 2009 [PAR] What is the highest mountain in England? If you are looking for the answer to that very question you are in the right place. This page contains the details of the highest mountain in England, as well as a list of the top 10 highest mountain's in England should you ever want to answer the question ' What are the top 10 highest mountains in England?'. [PAR] A picture of Scafell Pike which is the highest mountain in England. This is the highest peak in the distance, second peak in from the left of the shot. Also included in the picture is the second highest mountain in England, Scafell, at the centre o [PAR] What is the highest mountain in England? [PAR] The short answer to the question 'What is the highest mountain in England?' is Scafell Pike. The height of this, the highest mountain in England, is 978 metres (3210 feet). [PAR] Scafell Pike is found within the Lake District National Park. The Lake District is an area of great beauty, located in north west of England, in the county of Cumbria. As can be guessed from the name, the Lake District is made up of many lakes. These have been formed in amongst the large mountains which can be found throughout the Lake District, the highest of which is Scafell Pike. [PAR] Scafell Pike itself is formed from igneous rock. Igneous rock is rock which has formed from the cooling of magma/lava. The rock from Scafell Pike probably formed during the Ordovician Period which occurred approximately 450 million years ago. As such the rocks are very old. Over the years Scafell Pike has been weathered and eroded by a large number of different actions. This has led to it having it's present day shape. In addition, Scafell Pike has the highest boulder field in England, which again was probably formed through weathering. [PAR] Since Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England it is very popular with walkers and mountain climbers and so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] coca cola | Retro TV Ads coca cola | Retro TV Ads [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Tab, stylized as TaB, is a diet cola soft drink produced by the Coca-Cola Company, first introduced in 1963. The soda was created by Coca-Cola after the successful sales and marketing of Diet Rite cola, owned by The Royal Crown Company; previously, Diet Rite had been the only sugarless soda on the market. Tab was \u201cmarketed to consumers who want to keep \u2018tabs\u2019 on their weight.\u201d [PAR] The soda was fairly popular throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and the Coca-Cola Company made several variations of it, including Tab Clear and Tab X-Tra, as well ascaffeine-free versions. [PAR] Info gleaned from Wikipedia [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Coca Cola Christmas Hilltop \u201cI\u2019d Like to Teach the World to Sing\u201d TV Commercial. [PAR] Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines in more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. [PAR] info gleaned from Wikipedia [PAR] Tweet [PAR] 80\u2019s LILT commercial. [PAR] Lilt is a brand of soft drink manufactured by The Coca Cola Company and sold in the United Kingdom, Gibraltar and Republic of Ireland only. During the 1980s, Lilt was promoted with the advertising slogan, \u201cthe totally tropical taste.\u201d In the late 1990s it was heavily promoted with advertisements featuring two Jamaican women, Blanche Williams and Hazel Palmer. They became known in the media as the \u201cLilt Ladies.\u201d [PAR] Aspartame is added to the \u201cregular\u201d variety of Lilt, making it a de-facto diet soft drink. This means that Coca-Cola UK have given consumers the option of Diet Lilt, or Diet Lilt.[DOC] [TLE] Lilt - tititudorancea.net Lilt [PAR] L [PAR] Lilt [PAR] Lilt is a brand of soft drink manufactured by The Coca Cola Company and sold in the United Kingdom , Gibraltar and Republic of Ireland only. During the 1980s, Lilt was promoted with the advertising slogan, \"the totally tropical taste.\" In the late 1990s it was heavily promoted with advertisements featuring two Jamaican women, Blanche Williams and Hazel Palmer. They became known in the media as the \"Lilt Ladies.\" [PAR] Aspartame is added to the \"regular\" variety of Lilt, making it a de-facto diet soft drink. This means that Coca-Cola UK have given consumers the option of Diet Lilt, or Diet Lilt. [PAR] Products"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Les McKeown Archives - Towleroad Les McKeown Archives - Towleroad [PAR] Towleroad [PAR] Bay City Rollers Singer Les McKeown Says He\u2019s Had Gay Sex for Years [PAR] Some of you may remember the 70\u2019s band Bay City Rollers and its lead singer Les McKeown. McKeown recently appeared on a reality TV show about addiction, on which he told his wife he\u2019d been having sex with men for years: \u201cHis wife Peko was furious whe\u2026 [PAR] Sherry Vine is Ready for the Resistance with \u2018We Didn\u2019t Start the Fire\u2019 \u2013 WATCH [PAR] Sherry Vine, the drag performer known for her deliciously raunchy reboots of pop hits, has bigger things on her mind these days: Donald Trump and the culture wars he is bringing back to the nation. She\u2019s back with a new clip using Billy Joel\u2026 [PAR] Trump Plans to Cut Nat\u2019l Endowment for the Arts, Nat\u2019l Endowment for the Humanities [PAR] Big cuts are coming. Trump plans to do away with the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities, among other things. The Hill reports: The departments of Commerce and Energy would see major reductions in funding, wi\u2026 [PAR] Las Vegas Can Help You Start the New Year Right [PAR] Making New Year\u2019s resolutions is easy. Keeping them \u2026 well, sometimes that\u2019s a little more of a challenge. But here\u2019s one resolution you\u2019ll want to keep for sure. Make Las Vegas a part of your 2017 plans and have the trip of a lifetime! While in Las\u2026 [PAR] \u2018Lord of the Dance\u2019 Michael Flatley Coming Out of Retirement to Jiggle for Trump [PAR] The Lord of the Dance Michael Flatley will be joining the unimpressive list of acts who have agreed to perform at Donald Trump\u2019s inauguration, the NY Daily News reports: Flatley, 58, has been featured on \u201cDancing with the Stars,\u201d bu\u2026[DOC] [TLE] Whatever Happened To...: The Bay City Rollers Whatever Happened To...: The Bay City Rollers [PAR] Wednesday, May 11, 2011 [PAR] The Bay City Rollers [PAR] After the Bay City Rollers popularity declined, lead singer Les McKeown left the band in 1978. The band officially spilt up in late 1981, but throughout the 1980's and 1990's various members reunited and toured. Today, former members Ian Mitchell, Eric Faulkner and McKeown, each tour with their own bands, playing Bay City Rollers' hits. Legal issues over which performers may use the band name mean that there is currently no \"Bay City Rollers\". McKeown's group used the name: Les McKeown's Legendary Bay City Rollers. [PAR] Bass guitarist Alan Longmuir played the lead in the 1981 film Burning Rubber, an auto-racing melodrama filmed in South Africa. He has suffered from poor health, and he suffered a heart attack in 1995 and a stroke in 1997. He lives in Scotland with his wife Eileen. [PAR] Drummer Derek Longmuir retired from the music industry in the early 1980s and trained as a nurse working at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. In 2000, Longmuir was sentenced to 300 hours community service after admitting possessing child pornography.Due to the controversy, he was fired from his job at the Infirmary although he was later re-admitted to the nursing register. Despite his guilty plea, he maintained that the offending materials did not belong to him, but were left behind by an acquaintance. Longmuir claimed he pleaded guilty in hope of avoiding a \"media circus\". [PAR] Guitarist/Vocalist Eric Faulkner was lead singer of a reformed version of the Bay City Rollers in the 1990's, which for a time also featured his wife, singer Karen \"Kass\" Prosser. He also toured with his own band,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Her Loud Companion, a mary poppins fanfic | FanFiction Her Loud Companion, a mary poppins fanfic | FanFiction [PAR] Not even Mary Poppins can get anything past her intuitive parrot umbrella handle. She and the parrot reflect on how practically perfect people CAN permit sentiment to muddle their thinking. [PAR] Rated: Fiction K - English - Friendship - Words: 834 - Reviews: 3 - Favs: 7 - Published: 3/5/2012 - Status: Complete - id: 7898580 [PAR] + - Full 3/4 1/2 Expand Tighten [PAR] \"You can't fool me, Mary Poppins,\" the parrot umbrella handle said. \"I know exactly how you feel about those children and if you think I'm going to keep my mouth shut any longer I\u2014\" [PAR] Mary Poppins clamped the bird's wooden beak together with her thumb and forefinger gently. \"That'll be quite enough, thank you,\" she said. Mary Poppins could put children in line and adults in their place, but she couldn't show this bird how rude it was to interject when no one wanted it to no matter how many times she'd told it so. She knew just how she felt without an umbrella handle telling her so. [PAR] She opened her umbrella and got a firm grip on her carpetbag and ascended into the sky on the wind. Below her, Michael and Jane were off flying their kite with Mr. and Mrs. Banks just as she had left them. Mary Poppins wondered what the children would do when they returned home and found she really had meant that she was leaving for good, because she knew in some part of their lovely hearts they believed she would be sitting in the nursery and humming, awaiting their arrival. [PAR] But Mary Poppins was not in the nursery and humming. She was in the sky, her eyes trained on a nice looking cloud not too far away. It would make a good place to stay until she heard another call of a child in need of a nanny. [PAR] \"Don't get too sad, Mary Poppins,\" the bird handle said suddenly, causing her heart to skip a beat and her graceful floating to jolt for an instant. [PAR] \"I most certainly am not sad. Practically perfect people never permit sentiment to muddle their thinking,\" she said sternly. \"And I told you to be quiet.\" [PAR] \"Oh, let's talk about it,\" said the parrot. Mary Poppins ignored her opinionated bird handle. [PAR] She landed gracefully on a cloud and set down her bag. \"Yes, this will do quite nicely.\" She closed her umbrella with protests from the handle that quieted quickly. Mary Poppins reached into her magic bag and pulled out a small table. She set it down and brushed flecks of dirt off the surface. [PAR] After a moment of silence so she could regroup and face the conversation at hand, sighing, Mary Poppins reached for the umbrella she'd discarded and opened it once again. The mouth on the parrot began moving immediately. [PAR] \"Mary Poppins, I've told you to please not do that while I'm talking. It gets awfully stuffy in there.\" There was a silence with the occasional clinking of china as Mary Poppins pulled out a teapot, a cup, and a saucer from the carpetbag. \"Are you even listening to me?\" [PAR] Mary Poppins took a delicate sip of the tea she'd just poured for herself. \"Of course I am, I always listen,\" she said matter-of-factly and not rudely in any way. [PAR] \"Well then, you listen to this,\" the handle said in a hear-me-now sort of tone. \"You miss those children"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth and her 12 Prime Ministers | History of ... Queen Elizabeth and her 12 Prime Ministers | History of government [PAR] Queen Elizabeth and her 12 Prime Ministers [PAR] \u2014 No 10 guest historian series , Prime Ministers and No. 10 , The Monarchy [PAR] On her 21st birthday in 1947 Princess Elizabeth broadcast from Cape Town in South Africa: [PAR] I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great Imperial country to which we all belong\u2026God help me to make good my vow and God bless all of you who are willing to share it. [PAR] The Queen\u2019s relationship with her 12 Prime Ministers (eight Conservative and four Labour) over the past 60 years demonstrates how she has fulfilled that vow. [PAR] Churchill was a formidable presence for the young Queen, who remained in awe of the great war leader. At their first audience, Churchill told the Queen he could advise her from a lifetime of experience, but the time would come when she would advise Prime Ministers younger than herself from a similar standpoint. So it has proved. The first of the 12 Prime Ministers younger than the Queen was John Major . Tony Blair and David Cameron were not even born when she acceded to the throne. [PAR] The central assertion about the rights of a constitutional monarch, as defined by Walter Bagehot in 1867, remains as true as ever: \u2018the sovereign has under a constitutional monarchy such as ours, three rights \u2013 the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, the right to warn.\u2019 [PAR] The Queen has exercised all three rights. An early example was the issue of live television coverage of the Coronation in June 1953. Churchill opposed it, and, initially, the Queen was also doubtful. Eventually, the Queen\u2019s view that the benefits would outweigh the disadvantages prevailed. Asked by an old court favourite whether Churchill was attempting to mentor her, as Melbourne had mentored the young Queen Victoria , she replied, \u2018Not at all, I find him very obstinate.\u2019 Nevertheless, she learned much from the old warrior. [PAR] The weekly audience between monarch and Prime Minister remained a fixed point of contact. At these audiences, the Queen found her second Prime Minister, Anthony Eden , a sympathetic listener to her concerns. Dominating their early meetings was discussion of Princess Margaret\u2019s possible marriage to the divorced Group Captain Peter Townsend. The Suez crisis in 1956 led to much speculation about the Queen\u2019s views and what she knew of unfolding events. Eden believed that informing the Queen was of supreme importance and all the Suez papers were sent to her, the first time she was to be shown secret government papers. Their relationship was one of impeccable constitutional propriety and confidences were maintained. The Queen was able to draw on these experiences at later audiences with Margaret Thatcher during the Falklands War. [PAR] The Queen has two prerogatives, to choose, or now to confirm, a new Prime Minister in office and to grant a dissolution of Parliament, triggering a general election. The first prerogative was exercised in 1957 and in 1963 when the leadership of the Conservative party became vacant between general elections. After taking advice from senior Conservatives, the Queen invited Harold Macmillan to become her third Prime Minister, a process repeated in October 1963 when Sir Alec Douglas-Home was appointed. [PAR] At first, the Queen did not find Macmillan easy to deal with. He was unsure whether the Prime Minister\u2019s"
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    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coco Chanel: Then & Now, Fashion in the Modern Era ... Coco Chanel: Then & Now, Fashion in the Modern Era. | elephant journal [PAR] Coco Chanel: Then & Now, Fashion in the Modern Era. [PAR] \u201cFashion changes, but style endures.\u201d ~ Coco Chanel [PAR] Fashion is constantly changing. [PAR] Hem lines go south, get cut shorter, and then grow back. Fabrics brighten, wilt, sprout flowers and die\u2014starched, plain and clean again. [PAR] It is not the styles we choose to embrace that make a person fashionable. No, it\u2019s the way we wear those styles that determine if we are mindfully dressed. Coco Chanel knew this. [PAR] Here are five pieces of advice from the fashion guru herself that even decades later are instrumental to today\u2019s wardrobe. [PAR] 1. \u201cFashion is architecture: It is a matter of proportions.\u201d [PAR] Isn\u2019t that the truth? Fashion today is still based off of proportions. We may wear extra large wraps and sweaters around our shoulders, but we make sure that those are paired with tight leggings and skinny jeans. If we are rocking those genie pants, then you better believe we should have a smaller/fitted chemise on top. It is critical to balance our garments from top to bottom. Otherwise, our bodies will have no frame. [PAR] Our frame is important. Coco strived to emphasize a woman\u2019s frame. She \u201cwanted to give a woman comfortable clothes that would flow with her body. A woman is closest to being naked when she is well-dressed.\u201d [PAR] So, there we have it, ladies. If we are well-dressed, then we\u2019re essentially wearing a second skin. Bonus, we look naked without actually being naked, and who doesn\u2019t like prancing around in their birthday suit? [PAR] 2. \u201cSimplicity is the keynote of all true elegance.\u201d [PAR] I generally agree with this statement because if our attire is too complicated, then the eye will not know where to look. We want to only draw the eye to select areas of the body for each outfit. We want to highlight the frame, the shape\u2014not the garment. Simplicity is the best way to achieve this. [PAR] However, I detest simplicity when it comes to jewelry. Coco advised that \u201ca lady should look in the mirror and remove one accessory\u201d before leaving the house each day. [PAR] Girl, no. Oh hell, no. If you\u2019ve got layered necklaces and earrings to boot, then go on with your bad self. My personal advice is to apply principle number one to your accessorizing decisions. Proportion out where the jewelry is located. If you\u2019re wearing a ton of bracelets, then you probably don\u2019t need rings on every finger. [PAR] There is a definitive balance to accessorizing. It is a tactful art. [PAR] 3. \u201cA woman who doesn\u2019t wear perfume has no future.\u201d [PAR] This is beyond laughable. I personally do not wear perfume, but from this statement I probably should. While you still will have a future without perfume, perfume is nice. So, maybe lather up before leaving the house. [PAR] In response to one woman who posed the question, \u201cWhere should one use perfume?\u201d Coco replied \u201cWherever one wants to be kissed.\u201d [PAR] No spraying the lady flower, ladies, just saying. [PAR] 4. \u201cThe best colour in the whole world is the one that looks good on you.\u201d [PAR] This summer I went to France, and I did a lot of shopping. In one boutique while picking out a new bathing suit, I asked the sales lady if I looked better in the green or the blue. My French did not translate. No matter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Actors Playing the Phantom of the Opera Top Ten Actors Playing the Phantom of the Opera [PAR] says: [PAR] March 17, 2012 at 1:29 am [PAR] Who made up this list? Someone\u2019s who\u2019s deaf? Butler can\u2019t sing AT ALL. And how completely irresponsible of you to omit Hugh Panaro. Hugh is the BEST BROADWAY Phantom ever. [PAR] Shame on you. [PAR] says: [PAR] March 17, 2012 at 1:57 am [PAR] I think the reason they probably posted Gerard Butler up there, is that I\u2019m sure his role in the 2004 movie peaked a lot of interest in PotO in people that didn\u2019t already have interest in it. Which, I think is a good thing. And, I wouldn\u2019t say his singing was bad, it just wasn\u2019t classically trained as everybody expected it to be. [PAR] I used to really think that nobody could and would ever outdo Michael Crawford, but I do have to admit I\u2019m entirely smitten with Ramin\u2019s take on the Phantom. He puts so much emotion into that role, as they say, I\u2019m surprised he has any left after each show. His singing actually makes my heart ache at the sad parts. [PAR] Wondeful job to all the Phantoms on the list, especially my dear favorites ranked #1 and #2. [PAR] Katherine [PAR] says: [PAR] March 17, 2012 at 12:09 pm [PAR] Michael Crawford will always be my favorite. I never even got to see him on stage because the show came out when I was both (haha) but the amount of emotion I can hear just from the CD tells me he was amazing. But I definitely agree Hugh Panaro should be on the list! I finally got to see it in Broadway and his performance blew me away. [PAR] Even the description for Butler you guys put for him describes why he shouldn\u2019t be on this list. All of these Phantoms are experienced in their art and Butler didn\u2019t even sing before the movie. He did decent, but definitely not on the top ten. [PAR] Lindsay [PAR] says: [PAR] March 18, 2012 at 12:05 am [PAR] Colm Wilkinson definitely deserved a top three spot, but I am SO happy to see you put Ramin up there in second\u2026 he deserves it!! Aside from his absolutely stunning voice, he has been one of the very few who managed to re-define the character (so well)! [PAR] Katie [PAR] says: [PAR] March 18, 2012 at 1:19 am [PAR] What about Davis Gaines?? He played the role both in LA and NY and totaled more performances than Michael himself. Having seen Michael, Davis and now Ramin, my top 3 are Ramin, Davis and Michael. [PAR] Monique Hennessy [PAR] says: [PAR] March 18, 2012 at 1:45 am [PAR] How is Gerard Butler 3rd and Anthony Warlow on 9th??!! What the?? Why is Gerard Butler even on this list? [PAR] Kay [PAR] says: [PAR] March 18, 2012 at 3:03 am [PAR] Come on, the favorite Phantom could be the acting as well as the singing. I think Gerard Butler was very good in the style of the original, Steve Harley. This was originally a \u201crocker\u201d part until Crawford changed it up. Doing it on the big screen with closeups is a lot different than the stage versions so acting wise, I think Gerard excelled at bringing the \u201csexy\u201d back and making most of us choose Phantom over Raoul. I know all the arguments, he was supposed to be a lot older, etc. but the fans of Ramin can\u2019t agree with that. I thought Ramin did a great job"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Grammy Awards' Dumbest Decisions of the Past 30 Years The Grammy Awards' Dumbest Decisions of the Past 30 Years [PAR] The Grammy Awards' Dumbest Decisions of the Past 30 Years [PAR] 96.19K [PAR] Top [PAR] The Grammy Awards air tonight at 8, which means for about three hours on Twitter, the Grammy Awards will be relevant. [PAR] Otherwise, everyone knows they're a sham. They may look good on an artist's resume, mantle or ego, but after boosting sales for big winners for a week or two, the Grammys get tucked away in the recesses of our memories for the rest of the year. [PAR] As the supposed elite-defining monolith of the recording industry, the Grammy Awards are damned either way they do. The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences' tendency to recognize established vets too late for lesser works is maddening (Steely Dan's Two Against Nature won a slew of awards including Album of the Year in 2001; Herbie Hancock's River: The Joni Letters was named Album of the Year in 2008); the new development of recognizing less commercially visible but critically adored indie acts feels like a desperate attempt for coolness (Arcade Fire's The Suburbs won Album of the Year in 2011; Bon Iver was named Best New Artist last year). [PAR] That said, when Grammy gets it wrong, it gets it really wrong. Legends who've never won include Diana Ross, the Beach Boys, Bob Marley and Teddy Pendergrass (who, adding insult to injury, was the recipient of a half-hearted tribute by the illogically chosen Lady Antebellum in 2011). Milli Vanilli famously had their Best New Artist Grammy revoked in 1990 as a result of Fab Morvan and Rob Pilatus being exposed as frauds who did not sing on their records. The Grammys will never live that down, nor should they. Nor should Milli Vanilli's watery, weirdly sung and generic take on dance music have been recognized in the first place, even when people thought they were singing. [PAR] The Grammys must account for \"quality\" (whatever that means) as well as popularity (because the ceremony is a commercial endeavor in itself that is being packaged for consumption), and the Best New Artist category is where the two forces meet and explode into incomprehensibility. Supposedly, the Academy members who vote for these awards are urged to ignore sales figures and chart performance when determining their picks, but Best New Artist, in general is riddled with flavors of yestermonth, particularly of the teenybopper variety: the Backstreet Boys, the Jonas Brothers, Justin Bieber, Hanson, Avril Lavigne, Britney Spears, Kris Kross and Chris Brown have all been nominated in that category. [PAR] Tonight, Alabama Shakes, fun., Hunter Hayes, the Lumineers and Frank Ocean are all up for that trophy, and it generally takes years for us to gain some perspective on how off the mark the Grammys were (Hootie and the Blowfish won in 1996, which made sense then given their ubiquity but is almost unthinkable now). Looking back, the examples (in various categories) below strike me as egregiously out of touch, especially given the relevance of these artists in 2013. There are loads more examples \u2014 no one awards show can get everything right \u2014 these are just the ones that stick out from a particular pop fan's perspective: [PAR] In 1985' Lionel Richie's trifling Can't Slow Down won over classics like Prince and the Revolution's Purple Rain and Bruce Springsteen's Born in the USA. Cyndi Lauper's She's So Unusual and Tina Turner's Private Dancer were also nominated and still would have been better choices for their inventiveness."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Midnight's Children - Salman Rushdie - Author Biography ... Midnight's Children - Salman Rushdie - Author Biography [PAR] \u2022 Education\u2014M.A., King's College, Cambridge, UK [PAR] \u2022 Awards\u2014Booker Prize, 1981 (named the best novel to win [PAR] the Booker Prize in its first twenty-five years in 1993); [PAR] Whitbread Prize, 1988 and 1995 [PAR] \u2022 Currently\u2014lives in New York, New York [PAR] Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie is a British Indian novelist and essayist. His second novel, Midnight's Children (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981. Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent. He is said to combine magical realism with historical fiction; his work is concerned with the many connections, disruptions and migrations between East and West. [PAR] His fourth novel, The Satanic Verses (1988), was the centre of a major controversy, provoking protests from Muslims in several countries, some violent. Death threats were made against him, including a fatwa issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, on February 14, 1989. [PAR] Rushdie was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in January 1999. In June 2007, Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature. In 2008, The Times ranked him thirteenth on its list of the fifty greatest British writers since 1945. [PAR] Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States, where he has worked at the Emory University and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. His most recent book is Joseph Anton: A Memoir, an account of his life in the wake of the Satanic Verses controversy. [PAR] Career [PAR] Rushdie's first career was as a copywriter, working for the advertising agency Ogilvy & Mather, where he came up with \"irresistibubble\" for Aero and \"Naughty but Nice\" for cream cakes, and for the agency Ayer Barker, for whom he wrote the memorable line \"That'll do nicely\" for American Express. It was while he was at Ogilvy that he wrote Midnight's Children, before becoming a full-time writer. John Hegarty of Bartle Bogle Hegarty has criticised Rushdie for not referring to his copywriting past frequently enough, although conceding: \"He did write crap ads...admittedly.\" [PAR] His first novel, Grimus, a part-science fiction tale, was generally ignored by the public and literary critics. His next novel, Midnight's Children, catapulted him to literary notability. This work won the 1981 Booker Prize and, in 1993 and 2008, was awarded the Best of the Bookers as the best novel to have received the prize during its first 25 and 40 years. Midnight's Children follows the life of a child, born at the stroke of midnight as India gained its independence, who is endowed with special powers and a connection to other children born at the dawn of a new and tumultuous age in the history of the Indian sub-continent and the birth of the modern nation of India. The character of Saleem Sinai has been compared to Rushdie. However, the author has refuted the idea of having written any of his characters as autobiographical, stating... [PAR] People assume that because certain things in the character are drawn from your own experience, it just becomes you. In that sense, I\u2019ve never felt that I\u2019ve written an autobiographical character. [PAR] After Midnight's Children, Rushdie wrote Shame, in which he depicts the political turmoil in Pakistan, basing his characters on Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Shame won France's Prix du Meilleur Livre \u00c9tranger (Best Foreign Book) and was a close runner-up for the Booker Prize. Both these works of postcolonial literature are characterised by a style of magic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NBC: Germany remains divided 15 years later - World news ... NBC: Germany remains divided 15 years later - World news | NBC News [PAR] + [PAR] - [PAR] MAINZ, Germany \u2014 The images of the collapse of the Berlin Wall were beamed around the world. At the open border crossings in Berlin, thousands of people from East and West, who met for the first time, hugged, kissed and danced in a joyous celebration. [PAR] It all happened on Nov. 9. 1989, the culmination of years of protests and the exodus of hundreds of thousands of East Germans longing for more freedom, democracy and free elections. [PAR] On the 15th anniversary of that historic moment, the enthusiasm and euphoria has disappeared and the mood has sobered for most Germans. [PAR] Euphoria has vanished [PAR] Opinion polls now show that one out of five eastern Germans would like the wall back and every fourth German who grew up in West Germany think that the two Germanys should be divided again. [PAR] \"An alarming signal,\" said Wolfgang Tierse, a former East German and head of the German parliament. \"I call on German politicians not to further enhance the indifference and disintegration of eastern Germans,\" he warned. [PAR] Economic and political divisions between the two parts of Germany seem to have grown over the last years, due to the country's poor economic performance and rising unemployment. Unemployment in the east is at around 18 percent, more than twice as high as in the west. [PAR] Expectations for a brighter future and confidence in the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder have eroded among eastern Germans. They is little hope for delivery of former Chancellor Helmut Kohl's famous promise of \"blooming landscapes.\" [PAR] Despite the fact that large eastern German cities like Dresden, Leipzig or Potsdam have been refurbished and are widely regarded as monuments to success, many east Germans, especially in rural areas, remain disillusioned. [PAR] Exodus from the East [PAR] Since 1990, millions of mainly young eastern Germans have left for better job opportunities in the west. [PAR] Germany's Leibnitz Research Institute predicts that if the current migration trend continues, vast eastern regions will loose approximately half of their population in the next 40 years. [PAR] In addition, many German companies are moving their production facilities to eastern European countries, leaving economically abandoned regions behind. Textile manufacturers, who used to provide thousands of jobs, have gradually moved further east since 1990, to Russia, Ukraine or Belarus. [PAR] Fritz Reiss / AP file [PAR] Two women walk past remnants of the Berlin Wall in the Wall Memorial Park. [PAR] In Germany's Lausitz area, along the Polish border, once a stronghold for textile manufacturing and coal mining, some cities have already lost about 35 percent of their population. [PAR] In the town of Freital, on the outskirts of Dresden, a local steel factory used to employ more than 5,000 people during communist times. Unlike many other technologically outdated factories, it survived reunification, but only has a total of 750 employees today. [PAR] The growing pool of \"unneeded\" workers has burdened the German economy. Before the fall of the wall, unemployment in East Germany was more or less non-existent. Every citizen had a job, no matter whether the position was economically efficient or the person actually needed one. [PAR] Criticism on both ends [PAR] Productivity is another crippling problem. Gross domestic product and income per capita remain far lower in the eastern German states than in the west, despite transfers of approximately $106 billion each year. Eastern Germany still depends on subsidies, which make"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sue Johnston - Who is talking about Sue Johnston on FLICKR Sue Johnston - Who is talking about Sue Johnston on FLICKR [PAR] www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm0CJtVSQD8 [PAR] Brookside is a British soap opera set in Liverpool, England. The series began on the launch night of Channel 4 on 2 November 1982, and ran for 21 years until 4 November 2003. Originally intended to be called Meadowcroft, the series was produced by Mersey Television and it was conceived by Phil Redmond who also devised Grange Hill (1978\u20132008) and Hollyoaks (1995\u2013present). [PAR] Brookside became very successful and was often Channel 4's highest rated programme for a number of years in the 1980s and early 1990s, with audiences regularly in excess of 8 million viewers. It is notable for its tackling of realistic and socially challenging storylines. From the mid-1990s it began raising more controversial subjects under the guidance of new producers such as Mal Young and Paul Marquess. It is especially well known for broadcasting the first pre-watershed lesbian kiss on British television in 1994, as well as a powerful domestic abuse storyline resulting in murder. In 1996, the series caused an uproar when it featured a storyline of a consensual incestuous sexual relationship between two sibling characters. [PAR] Brookside was also the first British soap to feature an openly gay character when Gordon Collins came out in 1985, and it was also the first to depict serious drug addiction with a number of different characters. Although the series had a long and successful run, by 2000 its viewing figures were in terminal decline and low ratings eventually led to its cancellation in 2003. [PAR] The final episode was broadcast on 4 November 2003 and was watched by around 2 million viewers. [PAR] The first episode of Brookside was repeated as part of Channel 4 at 25 on 1 October 2007. The episode aired on More4 in a season of celebratory Channel 4 programmes to mark the channel's first quarter century. Several classic episodes have also been available to view on 4oD, an online service, since 2009. [PAR] After years of campaigning by fans, a special DVD was released in November 2012, just over 30 years after the series originally began, titled Brookside Most Memorable Moments. It features clips and episodes from every year of the programme's 21-year history. [PAR] Brookside differed from other soap operas because it was filmed in real, brand-new houses, in a real cul-de-sac, situated off Deysbrook Lane in the North West city of Liverpool. [PAR] www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvrrA7zv8s&list=PLHkDX58c6v3... [PAR] Built by Broseley Homes, the houses were custom built in an attempt by the producers to add to the show's realism. In early 1982, Mersey Television, with Phil Redmond at the helm, bought thirteen houses altogether, six of which would be seen on-screen as sets. The remaining seven properties housed administration, postproduction and canteen facilities for the cast and crew. Phil Redmond was particularly enthusiastic about purchasing an entire 'close' of houses, partly as a means of achieving the desired realism of Brookside, but also in order to maintain total control of his creation. [PAR] The Body Under the Patio plot [PAR] www.youtube.com/watch?v=uT5T5mBg2BU [PAR] One of Brookside's most famous storyline began in February 1993, with the story of wife beater and child abuser Trevor Jordache (Bryan Murray). His wife, Mandy (Sandra Maitland) and daughters Beth (Anna Friel) and Rachel (Tiffany Chapman) moved into number 10 under a shroud of mystery. [PAR] The house had been vacated by the remaining Corkhill clan and sold to a Mrs Shackleton; however, unbeknown to the residents of the close, she was acting as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soft Cell - Tainted Love Lyrics | MetroLyrics Soft Cell - Tainted Love Lyrics | MetroLyrics [PAR] Tainted Love Lyrics [PAR] New! Highlight lyrics to add Meanings, Special Memories, and Misheard Lyrics... [PAR] Submit Corrections Cancel [PAR] Sometimes I feel I've got to [PAR] Run away I've got to [PAR] Get away [PAR] From the pain that you drive into the heart of me [PAR] The love we share [PAR] And I've lost my light [PAR] For I toss and turn I can't sleep at night [PAR] Once I ran to you (I ran) [PAR] Now I'll run from you [PAR] This tainted love you've given [PAR] I give you all a boy could give you [PAR] Take my tears and that's not nearly all [PAR] Oh tainted love [PAR] Now I know I've got to [PAR] Run away I've got to [PAR] Get away [PAR] You don't really want it any more from me [PAR] To make things right [PAR] You need someone to hold you tight [PAR] And you'll think love is to pray [PAR] But I'm sorry I don't pray that way [PAR] Once I ran to you (I ran) [PAR] Now I'll run from you [PAR] This tainted love you've given [PAR] I give you all a boy could give you [PAR] Take my tears and that's not nearly all [PAR] Oh tainted love[DOC] [TLE] TAINTED LOVE Lyrics - SOFT CELL | eLyrics.net TAINTED LOVE Lyrics - SOFT CELL | eLyrics.net [PAR] Tainted Love Lyrics [PAR] Total views: 1 time this week / Rating: 8.82/10 [17 votes] [PAR] Album: Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret / Original Release Date: 1981-11-23 [PAR] Genre: Pop [PAR] Song Duration: 2 min 33 sec [PAR] Soft Cell - Tainted Love [PAR] Sometimes I feel I've got to [PAR] Run away, I've got to [PAR] Get away from the pain you drive into the heart of me [PAR] The love we share [PAR] And I've lost my light [PAR] For I toss and turn, I can't sleep at night [PAR] Once I ran to you (I ran) [PAR] Now I'll run from you [PAR] This tainted love you've given [PAR] I give you all a boy could give you [PAR] Take my tears, and that's not nearly all [PAR] Tainted love (Oh) [PAR] Now I know I've got to [PAR] Run away, I've got to [PAR] Get away, you don't really want any more from me [PAR] To make things right [PAR] You need someone to hold you tight [PAR] And you think love is to pray [PAR] But I'm sorry, I don't pray that way [PAR] Once I ran to you (I ran) [PAR] Now I'll run from you [PAR] This tainted love you've given [PAR] I give you all a boy could give you [PAR] Take my tears, and that's not nearly all [PAR] Tainted love (Oh)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Potatoes - Free Delivery | Recipes | Wine | Party Food Potatoes [PAR] Potatoes [PAR] Back to glossary list [PAR] Potatoes [PAR] Potatoes were first introduced to Ireland, and then to Britain, from America in the late 16th century and are now one of the most popular staple foods in the world. They are a valuable source of nutrition, particularly for their vitamin C, carbohydrate and fibre content, especially when they are cooked and eaten in their skins. Varieties such as King Edward and Maris Piper are best eaten this way. Varieties such as Desiree, Wilja and Estima are good all-round cooking potatoes. [PAR] Potatoes are generally divided into two categories - waxy or floury (see below), if you are unsure of the variety of potato you have and want to know before cooking, mix one part salt to 11 parts water in a measuring jug and add the potato. A floury one will almost always sink to the bottom of the jug, while a waxy one will float. When it comes to seasonal availability, different varieties are available at different times of the year. [PAR] Uses: Potatoes are extremely versatile and can be boiled, steamed, baked, roasted, fried and mashed. [PAR] To store: It is essential that potatoes are stored in a cool, dark area away from sunlight and in a frost-free, airy place preferably in a brown paper sack. If potatoes are exposed to light they may turn green (which can be poisonous) or start sprouting. Small amounts of green can be removed but very green potatoes should be discarded. Do take potatoes out of the plastic bag that they are usually sold in - the potatoes are likely to go mouldy if kept in plastic. Potatoes should not be stored in the fridge. New potatoes should be eaten within 2-3 days of purchase, while old potatoes can, if stored correctly be kept for several months. [PAR] Charlotte [PAR] These long oval potatoes have a firm waxy texture and a subtle nutty flavour. They have a light yellow skin and a yellow flesh. [PAR] Uses: Suitable for boiling, baking or salads. [PAR] To prepare: Scrub thoroughly under cold running water or peel. [PAR] Desiree [PAR] One of the most popular red-skinned potatoes Desirees have a smooth skin and a creamy yellow flesh. They have a firm texture. [PAR] Uses: Especially good cooked as wedges or roasted, because they hold their shape. Also suitable for boiling, mashing and chipping. [PAR] To prepare: Scrub thoroughly under cold running water or peel. [PAR] Estima [PAR] A light yellow-skinned potato with a firm, moist texture and a mild flavour. They are usually oval-shaped with a yellowy flesh. [PAR] Uses: Boiling, mashing and especially good for baking. [PAR] To prepare: Peel and chop for boiling and chipping or scrub thoroughly for baking. [PAR] Back to top [PAR] Floury [PAR] A type rather than a variety, floury potatoes are especially popular in Britain. They are suitable for baking, mashing and chipping as they have a soft, dry texture when cooked. They are not suitable for boiling, however because they tend to disintegrate. Popular varieties of floury potato include King Edward and Maris Piper. [PAR] King Edward [PAR] King Edwards have pinky red skins and distinctively flavoured creamy white flesh that's packed with carbohydrates, fibre, iron and vitamins, including folate. Cooking them in their skins provides the most nutritional value. [PAR] Uses: Good for boiling, baking, chipping or roasting. [PAR] To prepare: Rinse in cold water and peel for boiling, chipping and roasting. If necessary, cut out any bruises or green parts. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boston Tea Party - Revolutionary-War.net The Boston Tea Party: Why Did It Occur and Who Was Involved? [PAR] The Boston Tea Party: Why Did It Occur and Who Was Involved? [PAR] by Pamela Kline and Paul Pavao [PAR] Why did the Boston Tea Party Occur? Who was involved? We cover these facts and more on this page on one of the most momentous events of the American Revolution. [PAR] The broadside below was posted all over Boston on November 29, 1773, shortly after the arrival of three ships carrying tea owned by the East India Company. [PAR] This is the original handbill that was passed out to organize the Boston Tea Party. It reads ... [PAR] Brethren, and Fellow Citizens! [PAR] You may depend, that those odious Miscreants and detestable Tools to Ministry and Governor, the TEA CONSIGNEES, (those traitors to their Country, Butchers, who have done, and are doing every Thing to Murder and destroy all that shall stand in the Way of their private Interest,) are determined to come and reside again in the Town of Boston. [PAR] I therefore give you this early Notice, that you may hold yourselves in Readiness, on the shortest Notice, to give them such a Reception, as such vile Ingrates deserve. [PAR] JOYCE, jun. (Chairman of the Committee for Tarring and Feathering.) [PAR] If any Person should be so hardy as to Tear this down, they may expect my severest Resentment. [PAR] J. jun. [PAR] Why Did the Boston Tea Party Occur? [PAR] The beginning of the the Boston Tea Party is often sourced to what the Colonists felt was an unfair tax on tea. This is only partly true. The Tea Party was a protest in reaction to a tax meant to help raise funds following the French and Indian War. But the tax was also a political power move on behalf of Parliament, meant to reassert control over the colonies, as well as an economic decision designed to bail out the floundering East India Company, a threshold of English commercial interests. [PAR] Background [PAR] After the long and costly war between France and England, King George III and the British Parliament implemented a tax to help raise money to pay off the massive debts incurred. They chose to place this tax on tea sold in both England and in the English Colonies. They were convinced that people would rather pay a tax than give up their daily tea. It was also an item that the colonies were required to import only from England. Furthermore, the tax was a way to reign in the colonies, who had been neglected during the long war, and remind them that their allegiance belonged to England. [PAR] This Sugar Act was passed in 1764 imposing customs duties on several different items, including tea. Prime Minister Grenville wanted to raise the revenue by putting a direct tax on the colonists instead of at the ports, so he delayed to give the colonists a chance to find a way to raise funds themselves. They didn't. [PAR] The following year, the Stamp Act was passed. All official documents and papers were required to have an official stamp. The cost of this stamp went directly to the crown. [PAR] The colonists were outraged. They complained bitterly that because of their distance from England, they were receiving inadequate representation in Parliament. They had not agreed to have these new taxes placed on their colonies. [PAR] The Stamp Act was eventually repealed, but not before the Sons of Liberty had formed and begun to perform public demonstrations and boycott,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cocktail Recipe: Mai Tai - RumDood.com \u2014 Rum, Cocktails ... Cocktail Recipe: Mai Tai [PAR] .5 oz Orgeat [PAR] .25 oz Simple Syrup [PAR] Mix all ingredients and shake with ice. Strain over crushed ice, garnish with a lime shell and a sprig of mint. [PAR] I know what you\u2019re thinking. You\u2019re wondering how many times I think I can get away with posting the recipe for the Mai Tai and consider it a new post. It\u2019s not my fault this time though. [PAR] You see, Kevin Langmack at Beers in the Shower is hosting this month\u2019s Mixology Monday and called for \u201cMoney Drinks.\u201d If you aren\u2019t sure what a \u201cMoney Drink\u201d is, allow Kevin to explain: [PAR] I feel a \u201cMoney\u201d drink is something you can put in front of anyone, regardless of tastes or distastes about the spirits involved. Come up with a drink or a list based on spirits about drinks that would appeal to anyone. example: turning someone onto a Corpse Reviver #2 when they like lemon drops. [PAR] I know just about everyone that preaches the gospel according to Saint Cocktail has their own special Money Drink. For some I\u2019m sure that\u2019s a perfect Manhattan. Others might serve the crispest Martini or the most sumptuous Last Word ever known. Any such drink, if made well, could convert someone to cocktails. [PAR] I\u2019m sort of into rum . As such, I tend to try to convert people to my favorite spirit quite often, and I can tell you that I have had success with no drink like I have with the Mai Tai. [PAR] A true Bergeronistic Mai Tai is tart and refreshing with the wonderful notes of mint, orange, lime, and almond dancing on top of the deep, funky flavors within the rum. It\u2019s a drink that defies seasons, despite its tropical nature. And I would know, I have had one or two Mai Tais in my time. [PAR] I\u2019ve even been known to up the ante on the Mai Tai by upgrading the basic spirits (I usually use Appleton Estate 12 and Clement VSOP ) to their top-shelf brethren, much like Paul Clarke suggested as an alternate expression of a \u201cMoney Drink:\u201d [PAR] Along with what you mentioned, I\u2019m thinking it could include stuff along the lines of \u201cthere are some drinks that really prompt you to break out the good stuff\u201d, including ways people upgrade drinks for special occasions \u2014 having old friends over, birthday drinks, etc, for example mixing your regular Sazerac, but breaking out the Red Hook Rye and the Jade Edouard absinthe for a Sazerac capable of breaking the sound barrier.\u201d \u2013 the only rule to this one is you actually have to make it \u2013 [PAR] Not a problem for me, as I\u2019ve already taken the Mai Tai and the One Hundred Dollar Mai Tai and turned the knob all the way to eleven once before : [PAR] $300 Mai Tai [PAR] .75 oz Lime Juice [PAR] 1 tsp Simple Syrup [PAR] Combine all ingredients in a shaker, shake with ice, strain into a glass filled with crushed ice. Garnish with sprigs of mint and a wedge of lime, and a hundred dollar bill [PAR] I know it might seem a bit crazy to put such expensive rums into a cocktail, but when you consider that the original Mai Tai called specifically for Wray & Nephew 17 Year Old Rum, and that today that rum goes for about $60,000US, you\u2019d have to say that the $300 Mai Tai is a real bargain, right? [PAR] Question of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sports Events Cancelled or Postponed After Attacks in US Sports Events Cancelled or Postponed After Attacks in US [PAR] [PAR] Sports Events Cancelled or Postponed After Attacks in US [PAR] Following are the sports events which have been cancelled or postponed in the wake of last week's terrorist attacks on New York and Washington: [PAR] September 11: [PAR] Baseball: American Major League matches cancelled [PAR] Football: American Major League Soccer programme cancelled [PAR] Tennis: Hawaii womens tournament cancelled before second day's play. [PAR] September 12: [PAR] Football: European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches scheduled for September 12 and 13 were all postponed. [PAR] Handball: German championship matches cancelled [PAR] Skiing: German championships cancelled [PAR] Cycling: American riders in the Tour d'Avenir, France , withdraw from the tour. [PAR] Golf: Pro circuit tournaments at St Louis and Tampa Bay, United States cancelled. [PAR] Boxing: World middleweight unification fight between Puerto Rico's Felix Trinidad and America's Bernard Hopkins, scheduled for September 15 in New York City, postponed. [PAR] September 13: [PAR] American football: NFL cancelled its weekend programme of 15 matches [PAR] Cricket: New Zealand made a last minute withdrawal from a tour of Pakistan and also withdrew an \"A\" team from India . [PAR] Canoe-kayak: World championships due to start September 13 on the Ocoee River, Tennessee, cancelled. [PAR] September 14: [PAR] Ice hockey: Warm-up matches for the 2001/2002 North American League season cancelled. [PAR] Basketball: NBA exhibition matches in Shanghai and Taiwan cancelled. [PAR] Tennis: United States versus India Davis Cup match scheduled for September 21 at Winston Salem North Carolina, cancelled. [PAR] Golf: Tiger Woods dropped out of the Lancome Trophy scheduled for September 20 at Saint-Nom-La-Breteche, France. [PAR] Squash: Boston's US Open cancelled [PAR] September 15: [PAR] Wrestling: World championships scheduled for New York September 26-29 cancelled. [PAR] September 16: [PAR] Golf: The Ryder Cup, pitting Europe against America event scheduled to start September 28 at The Belfry, Birmingham, England, postponed until next year. [PAR] Field hockey: Men's Champions Trophy scheduled for November 3-11 in Pakistan relocated to an as yet undecided country. [PAR] United States pulled out of Women's World Cup qualifying tournament September 18-30 at Amiens and Abbeville, France. [PAR] Tennis: Jennifer Capriati and Serena Williams pulled out of Tokyo WTA tournament due to start September 17. [PAR] September 17:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History | Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity History | Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity [PAR] Barrie requested that the amount raised from Peter Pan should never be revealed, and the hospital has always honoured his wishes. [PAR] Legacy [PAR] Although he and his wife were childless, Barrie loved children and had supported Great Ormond Street Hospital for many years. [PAR] In 1929 he was approached to sit on a committee to help buy some land so that the hospital could build a much needed new wing. Barrie declined to serve on the committee but said that he \"hoped to find another way to help\". [PAR] Two months later, the hospital board was stunned to learn that Sir James had handed over all his rights to Peter Pan. [PAR] At a Guildhall dinner later that year Barrie, as host, claimed that Peter Pan had been a patient in Great Ormond Street Hospital and that \"it was he who put me up to the little thing I did for the hospital\". [PAR] JM Barrie dedication plaque [PAR] So began the enduring link between the author and the children of Great Ormond Street Hospital. [PAR] On 14 December 1929, at Barrie\u2019s suggestion, the cast of a London production of Peter Pan came to the hospital and they played out the nursery scene for the children, the first of a long tradition. [PAR] Peter Pan archives and memorials [PAR] Peter Pan and memorials to J M Barrie can be found throughout the hospital, for example: [PAR] A bronze statue of Peter Pan and Tinker Bell outside the hospital entrance. [PAR] A plaque dedicated to Barrie in the hospital chapel (unveiled in 1938 by J B Priestley). [PAR] Tinker Bell play area in Octav Botnar Wing. [PAR] A tiled mural created and donated by the art students of the University of Wolverhampton. [PAR] You can view some of these archives and memorials in our Peter Pan photo gallery . [PAR] Please note that the hospital is not a public place and some of the memorials are not accessible to the general public."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kopi Luwak - The Coffee Wiki - Wikia Kopi Luwak | The Coffee Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] File:Palmcivet.jpg [PAR] Kopi luwak is produced mainly on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Sulawesi in the Indonesian Archipelago, and also in the Philippines (where the product is called motit coffee in the Cordillera and kape alamid in Tagalog areas) and also in East Timor (where it is called kaf\u00e9-laku). [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] History [PAR] In early 18th century The Dutch established the cash-crop plantations in their colony in Dutch East Indies islands of Java and Sumatra, including Arabica coffee introduced from Yemen. During the era of Cultuurstelsel (1830\u20141870), the Dutch prohibited the native farmers and native plantation workers to pick coffee fruits for their own use. Yet the native farmers desired to have a taste of the famed coffee beverage. Soon the natives learned that certain species of musang or luwak (Asian Palm Civet) consumed these coffee fruits, yet they left the coffee seeds undigested in their droppings. The natives collect these Luwak's dropping coffee seeds; clean, roast and grind it to make coffee beverage. The fame of aromatic civet coffee spread from locals to Dutch plantation owners and soon become their favorites, yet because of its rarity and unusual process, the civet coffee was expensive even in colonial times. [PAR] Production [PAR] Kopi is the Indonesian word for coffee. Luwak is a local name of the Asian palm civet in Sumatra and Johor, Malaysia. Palm civets are primarily frugivorous, feeding on berries and pulpy fruits such as from fig trees and palms. Civets also eat small vertebrates, insects, ripe fruits and seeds. [PAR] Early production began when beans were gathered in the wild from where a civet would defecate as a means to mark its territory. On farms, civets are either caged or allowed to roam within defined boundaries. [PAR] Coffee cherries are eaten by a civet for their fruit pulp. After spending about a day and a half in the civet's digestive tract the beans are then defecated in clumps, having kept their shape and still covered with some of the fleshy berry's inner layers. They are gathered, thoroughly washed, sun dried and given only a light roast so as to keep the many intertwined flavors and lack of bitterness yielded inside the civet. [PAR] Raw Beans [PAR] Blends [PAR] Kopi luwak is a name for many specific cultivars and blends of arabica, robusta, liberica, excelsa or other beans eaten by civets, hence the taste can vary greatly. Nonetheless, kopi luwak coffees have a shared aroma profile and flavor characteristics, along with their lack of bitterness. [PAR] Kopi luwak tastes unlike heavy roasted coffees, since roasting levels range only from cinnamon color to medium, with little or no caramelization of sugars within the beans as happens with heavy roasting. Moreover, kopi luwaks which have very smooth profiles are most often given a lighter roast. Iced kopi luwak brews may bring out some flavors not found in other coffees. [PAR] Sumatra, Indonesa is the world's largest regional producer of kopi lowak. Sumatran civet coffee beans are mostly an early arabica variety cultivated in the Indonesian archipelago since the seventeenth century. Tagalog cafe alamid (or alamid cafe) comes from civets fed on a mixture of coffee beans and is sold in the Batangas region along with gift shops near airports in the Philippines. [PAR] Price [PAR] Kopi luwak is the most expensive coffee in the world, selling for between US $100 and $600 per pound. The Kopi luwak is sold by weight"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 - Music Videos,Lyrics Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 - Music Videos,Lyrics [PAR] Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 Lyrics [PAR] Help preserve America's Music Tradition and suggest your lyrics here. [PAR] Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 [PAR] Playlist: [PAR] Pause [PAR] Some trivia about Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987 [PAR] \"A Hazy Shade of Winter\" is a song written by Paul Simon, recorded and released by Simon & Garfunkel in 1966, and then included on their 1968 album, Bookends (although it also appeared on their Live from New York City, 1967). It peaked at #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 making it the second highest-charting song on the album after \"Mrs. Robinson\", which reached #1 when it was released on the back of its inclusion on the soundtrack of The Graduate. [PAR] In 1987, The Bangles were approached to record a song for the soundtrack of the film Less Than Zero. They chose to record a cover of \"A Hazy Shade of Winter,\" a song they had been performing since their early days as a band. [PAR] Their cover, simply titled \"Hazy Shade of Winter,\" was vastly different from the original, turning it into a harder-edged rock song, and removing most of the bridge section [1] [PAR] Play time: 2:24 [PAR] FACEBOOK - CLICK HERE to see our top picks of the day on our music group on Facebook! To post this song into Facebook...just copy the URL and past it into the Facebook comment field [PAR] More Bangles Free Music Videos and songs [PAR] To Listen and watch Artist Bangles album music videos... Just click on the song title links that you see below, to play. [PAR] Your Free Music Videos Playlist [PAR] By default, we play all of our songs randomly selected from our playlist; however, you can choose the songs you want played by selecting all or some songs below and adding them to your playlist. You can also browse all songs and update your playlist at View/Edit Your Playlist . [PAR] Step 1: Select your Free Music Videos. Step 2: click on 'Add Selections' button to update your list. Step 3: When you're logged in and ready, just click on 'Play Your Playlist' button. [PAR] To stop playing from your playlist and to play all of our songs, just click on 'Play All Songs' button [PAR] Status [PAR] When completed, click on either Play Your Playlist or Play All Music Videos [PAR] Bangles Song Tracks [PAR] Bangles - Walking Down Your Street - 1987 [3:42] - Walking Down Your Street is the name of a song [PAR] FAQ: Salestron Eclectic Video Jukebox Playlist [PAR] Hit F11 key to full screen this site. Our Oldies Music \u266b Nostalgia Cloud is designed to allow you to sit back, listen, and watch free and legal music videos as we automatically shuffle, select and play old favorites such as \"Bangles - Hazy Shade Of Winter - 1987\" from our eclectic streaming video radio station jukebox playlist! Listen to the best songs from 1910s to the present! Over one hundred years of music! [PAR] The MP3 music videos, lyrics, artist and album trivia are presented to you so that you do not need to click on anything. Automatically, at the end of the song music video, we select the next shuffled song and continously repeat the process. [PAR] We all have our favorite songs that we want to play. That's why you can create your own playlist! Free, no less!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stark family - House Stark - A Wiki of Ice and Fire House Stark - A Wiki of Ice and Fire [PAR] House Stark [PAR] A running grey direwolf, on an ice-white field [PAR] (Argent, a direwolf courant cendr\u00e9e) [PAR] Words [PAR] unknown; Bran Stark (de jure) [PAR] Region [PAR] King in the North /King of Winter (formerly) [PAR] Lord of Winterfell (formerly) [PAR] Age of Heroes [PAR] House Stark of Winterfell is one of the Great Houses of Westeros and the principal noble house of the north . In days of old they ruled as Kings of Winter , but since Aegon's Conquest they have been Wardens of the North and ruled as Lords of Winterfell. Their seat, Winterfell , is an ancient castle renowned for its strength. [PAR] Their sigil is a grey direwolf racing across a field of white. Their words are \"Winter is Coming\", one of only a few house mottoes to be a warning rather than a boast. [1] Several of the POV characters of A Song of Ice and Fire are members of House Stark. [PAR] Aside from the Karstarks of Karhold , the Starks of Winterfell may have other, distant relatives in the north. White Harbor and Barrowton are considered to be likely options. [2] Some younger Starks have also held vassal holdfasts for the lords of Winterfell. [3] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Culture [PAR] Traits [PAR] The Stark look consists of a long face, a lean build, dark brown hair and grey eyes. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [PAR] In the current generation of Starks, several members (e.g., Arya and Bran Stark , and Jon Snow ) have the ability to enter the minds of their direwolf pets as wargs , giving them the ability to experience the senses of their direwolves [9] and to see through their eyes. The latter occurs most frequently when the children sleep, [10] [11] although they are able to do it at will when awake, once they are more practiced. [12] [11] [PAR] Customs [PAR] House Stark traditionally buries deceased members of their family in the crypts below Winterfell . [13] [14] The Kings of Winter and Lords of Winterfell are given a statue of their likeness, sitting by their tomb, whereas other normally family members do not. [15] The only exceptions are Brandon and Lyanna Stark , who have been given a statue by their brother, Lord Eddard Stark . [15] The statues of the kings and lords have stone wolves by their feet [16] [14] and have swords placed upon their lap, [14] which are said to keep the spirits of the dead at rest, locked within their tombs. [17] [13] [PAR] House Stark traditionally follows the old gods . [18] [19] [20] [21] Following the marriage of Lord Eddard Stark to Lady Catelyn Tully , a follower of the Faith of the Seven , a small sept in honor of the seven gods from the Faith was constructed at Winterfell . [22] [PAR] The Starks have traditionally been friends of the Night's Watch . [15] The four youngest men to have served as Lord Commander of the Night's Watch , including Osric Stark , were brothers, sons, or bastards of Kings in the North . [23] [PAR] History [PAR] Kings in the North [PAR] The Starks are an ancient house of First Men descent. [1] House Stark was founded by Brandon the Builder , a legendary figure who lived during the Age of Heroes . Bran the Builder is said to have raised Winterfell , the seat of the Starks, as well"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Long Island Iced Tea Recipe and Variations - Cocktails ... The Long Island Iced Tea Recipe and Variations [PAR] Garnish with a lemon wedge . [PAR] Making a Better Long Island Iced Tea [PAR] The problem with the Long Island is that it is often made too strong. Many bartenders (professional and amateur alike) will over-pour the liquors . This not only makes the drink stronger, it also knocks the taste out of balance and reaches that point of too much booze (yes, there is such a thing). [PAR] On the other hand, if this drink is treated with respect and the person pouring keeps in mind that taste is more important than potency, the Long Island Iced Tea is a good drink. [PAR] Who Created the Long Island Iced Tea? [PAR] The story of the LIIT is as sordid as its ingredient list and the disputes in the stories may be clouded by the drink itself. [PAR] The 1970's credit for this concoction could go to Robert Bott, a bartender from Long Island. [PAR] The Prohibition-era story credits Charles Bishop, a 1930's moonshiner in (then dry) Tennessee. [PAR] Then there is the tale that the Long Island was an original drink of the T.G.I. Friday's franchise. [PAR] The truth is that we may never know the truth. It is entirely possible that Bishop made it and the drink was forgotten for a few decades until Bott remade it. At some point, the restaurant probably caught wind of it and claimed it as their own (it's been known to happen). Again, we just don't know. [PAR] Long Island Iced Tea Variations [PAR] Once you learn how to make the Long Island, you may want to try one of the many recipes that followed it. [PAR] They are all very similar and constructed in the same manner, they simple replace an ingredient here or there. [PAR] Bartenders should know that a number of these drinks are just as popular as the Long Island. It will serve you well to at least have an understanding of what goes into each. They really are easy to remember if you do a little word association between the name and the ingredients. [PAR] Long Beach Tea - Everything in the Long Island, but the cola is replaced with cranberry juice. [PAR] Miami Iced Tea - Peach schnapps is added to the Long Beach, the tequila is dropped, and lemon-lime soda adds a bit of sparkle. [PAR] Hawaiian Iced Tea - Using the Long Island recipe, top this drink with pineapple juice and skip the cola. [PAR] Electric Iced Tea - Blue curacao replaces the triple sec and the soda is switched out to lemon-lime soda. It's a brilliant blue drink. [PAR] Texas Tea - Simply add bourbon to the Long Island for an even more potent mix. Some people mistakenly refer to this as a Long Island, but whiskey is not included in the original (or accepted) recipe. [PAR] Raspberry Long Island Iced Tea - The original LIIT with raspberry rum and vodka and lemon-lime soda instead of cola. \u200b\u200b\u200b [PAR] Tip: The same theory can apply to any flavored spirits available. Pair like infusions (ie. vanilla vodka and rum with cola, passion fruit vodka and tequila with citrus soda) and don\u2019t be afraid to use your own infusions . The possibilities are endless. [PAR] A few notes to help your memory: [PAR] Think \u201c5 white spirits\u201d then adapt the drinks to fit the descriptive name. [PAR] Sour mix is essential in most recipes. [PAR] Lemon-lime soda (7-Up, Sprite, etc.) is used"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Snow and Ice -- Christmas Customs and Traditions ... Snow and Ice -- Christmas Customs and Traditions -- whychristmas?com [PAR] Snow and Ice Records [PAR] Why Snow and Ice? [PAR] Snow, Ice and Christmas often go together, although why it should is a bit strange! There is no snow or ice in the Christmas story told in the Bible. However, snow does fall in Israel. Bethlehem and Jerusalem are on a range of hills that go north to south between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan valley. The top of these hills are about 1600 ft (500 m) high. The hills often have very cold weather from November to April and snow can often fall. So, although the Bible story may not have snow in it, Jesus may well have seen some snow in his life! [PAR] The reason that we think of Snow and Ice at Christmas is portably down to the Victorians! Although Christmas was taken over from the Pagan winter solstice festivals in Europe, it was the Victorians who gave us our 'traditional' Christmas in Europe and the USA At the start of the Victorian era, (1837) Britain was in a mini ice age that was from about 1550 to 1850. During this time, in London, a winter fair was held on the frozen River Thames! [PAR] One of the main reasons that the Victorians put Snow and Christmas together was the book 'A Christmas Carol' written in 1843 by Charles Dickens. [PAR] It tells the story of a mean old business man called Ebenezer Scrooge who hates Christmas. During the night of Christmas Eve, he is visited by three ghosts, one of Christmas Past, one of Christmas Present and one of Christmas yet to come. They show him how mean he really is. He realises that making friends is more important than making money. When he wakes up on Christmas Day, he is a changed man and give lots of money and presents away. (If you don't know the story, I recommend that you read the book or see a film of the story! A very famous film of it was made in 1951 [4 years after Britain had some of its heaviest snow of the 1900's], but my favorite version is the Muppet Christmas Carol!!!) [PAR] When Charles Dickens was a child, Britain had very heavy snow falls around Christmas, so when he wrote 'A Christmas Carol' he put lots of snow and ice in it! He also put snow at Christmas in some of his other books like 'The Pickwick Papers'. Charles Dicken's books were very popular (and still are!) so when the Victorians read the books, they thought of snow and Christmas together! [PAR] One of the other reasons that Snow and Ice became popular in Victorian times is because Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, came from Germany where it was colder and he was used to lots of snow and ice being around at Christmas. He made Christmas Trees popular in the UK as well as lots of other Christmas traditions. Christmas Cards also started in Victorian times with pictures of snow scenes becoming very popular. [PAR] White Christmas's [PAR] Another connection between snow and Christmas is the Song \"I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas\" It was first recorded, in 1942, by Bing Crosby and came from a film called 'Holiday Inn', set in the snowy countryside of Vermont, U.S.A in December (there is a 75% chance of it snowing on Christmas Day in Vermont!). Irving Berlin wrote \"I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas\" and it only took only 18"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] the snowman : definition of the snowman and synonyms of ... the snowman : definition of the snowman and synonyms of the snowman (English) [PAR] Language [PAR] English [PAR] The Snowman is a children's book without words by English author Raymond Briggs , first published in 1978 by Hamish Hamilton in the U.K., and by Random House in the U.S. that November. In the U.S. it received a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1979. [PAR] The Snowman was adapted as a 26-minute animated film by Dianne Jackson for the fledgling British public-service Channel 4 . It was first telecast late on Christmas Eve in 1982 and was an immediate success. It was nominated for the 1982 Academy Award for Animated Short Film and it has been shown every year, becoming part of British and international popular culture at Christmas . [PAR] The film story is told through pictures, action and music, scored by Howard Blake . It is wordless like the book, except for the song \" Walking in the Air \". In addition to the orchestral score, performed in the film by the Sinfonia of London , Blake composed the music and lyrics of the song, performed by a St Paul's Cathedral choirboy Peter Auty . [PAR] The film ranks 71 on the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes , a year 2000 list drawn up by the British Film Institute , based on a vote by industry professionals. It was voted number 4 in UKTV Gold 's Greatest TV Christmas Moments. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 9 External links [PAR] Plot of the film [PAR] The Snowman is the tale of a boy who builds a snowman one winter's day. That night, at the stroke of twelve, the snowman comes to life. The first part of the story deals with the snowman's attempts to understand the appliances, toys and other bric-a-brac in the boy's house, all while keeping quiet enough not to wake the boy's parents. The two then venture back outside and go for a ride on a motorcycle, disturbing many animals: pheasants, rabbits, a barn owl, a fox and a brown horse. [PAR] In the second part of the story, the boy and the snowman take flight \u2014 the song \"Walking in the Air\" appears at this point. They fly over the boy's town, over houses and large public buildings before flying past the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and West Pier and then out into the ocean. They continue through an arctic landscape and fly past many sights and animals such as penguins . Flying into the aurora they reach their destination. [PAR] The two wander hand-in-hand into a snow-covered forest and attend a snowmen's party, at which the boy is the only human. They meet Father Christmas and his reindeer, and the boy is given a scarf with a snowman pattern. [PAR] The story ends after the return journey. However, the sun has come out the next morning and the boy wakes up to find the snowman has melted. The boy begins to wonder if the night's events were all a dream, but he discovers that he still has the snowman scarf given to him by Father Christmas. Realising the night's events were real, as the credits play, the boy mourns the loss of his friend. [PAR] Plot of the book [PAR] Pages [PAR] 30 pp [PAR] The original book has a slightly different plot. While the first half of the story remains the same, the boy and the snowman do not visit Father Christmas. In fact, all of the Christmas elements of the film were"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Big Chill (1983) - IMDb The Big Chill (1983) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A group of seven former college friends gather for a weekend reunion at a South Carolina winter house after the funeral of one of their friends. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 19 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 28 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 13 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 13 Dec 2015 [PAR] Title: The Big Chill (1983) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] An emotionally distant writer of travel guides must carry on with his life after his son is killed and his marriage crumbles. [PAR] Director: Lawrence Kasdan [PAR] In the midst of a searing Florida heat wave, a woman convinces her lover, a small-town lawyer, to murder her rich husband. [PAR] Director: Lawrence Kasdan [PAR] Grand Canyon revolved around six residents from different backgrounds whose lives intertwine in modern-day Los Angeles. At the center of the film is the unlikely friendship of two men from ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Lawrence Kasdan [PAR] Take two rival TV reporters: one handsome, one talented, both male. Add one producer, female. Mix well and watch the sparks fly. [PAR] Director: James L. Brooks [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A seminal Thirty-Something movie in which a group of old college friends who are now all grown up and hardened by the big wide world come together for the funeral of Alex, a barely glimpsed corpse, who was at one time the brightest and the best of them, and yet who never managed to achieve half as much as any of the others. The friends use the occasion to reacquaint themselves with each other and to speculate as to what happened to their idealism which had been abundant when they were younger. Written by Mark Thompson <mrt@oasis.icl.co.uk> [PAR] In a cold world, you need your friends to keep you warm! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 30 September 1983 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] $56,968 (USA) (6 November 1998) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Included among the \"1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die\", edited by Steven Schneider . See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The fog completely disappears after Harold's brief close-up shot when he and Nick are jogging through town. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Nick : [in a high-pitched voice] Hey. everyone, it's J.T. Lancer! Let's all go watch this incredible show! [PAR] [everyone runs into the living room] [PAR] Karen : Come on, Sam. [PAR] Ok, I've seen it at last. Now what? [PAR] 31 October 2001 | by (nts78rpm@hotmail.com) [PAR] (Florida) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] When I said I had never seen this film, people gasped and told me they couldn't belive it. They said it was a ground-breaking"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Greatest Guitar Players (Famous Guitarists ... Top 10 Greatest Guitar Players (Famous Guitarists) - Toptenz.net [PAR] Toptenz.net [PAR] Posted by Shell Harris on [PAR] September 14, 2008 [PAR] in Music , People | 135,814 Views | 559 Responses [PAR] From guitar faces to the different kinds of axes, here is the Top 10 Greatest Guitar Players. Squeezing the talent that\u2019s blessed our ears for all these years into a list of 10 is just as difficult as choosing which limbs to lose or keep. The list is by no means definitive, but it\u2019s an accurate representation for the uniqueness of the music the guitarist has made. In short, these famous guitar players have played the melodies that have made grown men cry, and probably gave you a taste of how your guitar face would look like pretending to play that solo. Of course many great guitarists may not have made this top 10 list, but feel free to add your own favorites in the comments. [PAR] 10. Tom Morello [PAR] The guitar player who makes his guitar sound anything but a guitar. Helicopter rudders, disc scratching, and his use of the kill switch for staccato like guitar riffs has made him probably the most innovative guitar player of our time. He is a guitarist who can take feedback, and ground hum from his own body into coherent music. Be it Rage Against The Machine , or Audioslave you can always see Morello\u2019s signature licks shining through. [PAR] 9. John Mayer [PAR] Whoa whoa wait, what? This pop artist? A guitar player? If all you\u2019ve ever heard from Mayer is Your Body Is Wonderland, or Daughters, then you\u2019ve got to give his album Continuum a listen to. He is no Shakespeare , but his guitar playing speaks to your soul. His songs will make most glorified tough guys miss their old girlfriend, and the rest just go to a corner and cry. If you think that his songs are all too depressing, then watch some videos of him playing. His guitar face is priceless. [PAR] 8. Jack White [PAR] [PAR] Mr. White is an incredibly underrated guitarist. His singles (From the White Stripes) always span with just three to four chords and his simplistic blues rhythm and picking styles have him overlooked most of the time. However, his masterful use of the Digitech Whammy and is erratic playing make for some of the most memorable guitar solos ever. Check out Ball and a Biscuit and try not to like that solo. One of my favorite Jack White moments was during the 2004 Grammys , where he took 7 Nation Army and went into a cover of Son House\u2019s Death Letter (another artist who I had to unwillingly cut out of the list). In an awards show celebrating Justin Timberlake and Missy Eliot, Jack White took time to give a salute to where things got started, to an artist born a century ago. [PAR] 7. Jimmy Page [PAR] Admit it. You\u2019ve slow danced to Stairway To Heaven before. Page\u2019s playing have influenced so many guitar players of today, and Led Zeppelin revolutionized Rock and Roll blending acoustic guitars, banjos , and mandolins while still staying with the same gritty rock image. His guitar riffs are forever etched into Rock and Roll\u2019s hall of fame. How influential was he? Step into a guitar store, and you\u2019ll see. Thousands of 12 year old kids across the globe are playing the intro to Stairway. Now that\u2019s how you know you\u2019ve made it. [PAR] 6. BB King [PAR] Yeah. He may have"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theweekend 01nov2013 by Weekend-BristolPost - issuu Theweekend 01nov2013 by Weekend-BristolPost - issuu [PAR] If you keep your eyes open [PAR] Treasure [PAR] hunt [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Iy{ Xhnl =8 [PAR] If you want a good read \\lytz huk jvukp{pvuzB \\ol ~puuly ~pss il {ol mpyz{ uhtl wpjrlk h{ yhukvt myvt hss lspnpisl lu{yplz6 Iss lu{yhu{z t|z{ il v}ly 9@ \u0080lhyz vsk6 Xov{vnyhwopj QL ~pss il ylx|pylk6 Xyp\u0081l t|z{ il {hrlu i\u0080 9=79:7:89;6 Xyp\u0081lz h{ kpzjyl{pvu vm ihy thuhnly6 Zl}vs|{pvu lujv|yhnlz \u0080v| {v kypur ylzwvuzpis\u00806 \\ol wyvtv{lyz hyl Zl}vs|{pvu Kols{luoht6 [PAR] MLQ\\WZQITB \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd IL^MZ\\Q[QVOB \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd TMINTM\\ QV[MZ\\[B \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd [PAR] 2 [PAR] Brakes \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd U|zpjB Xhnl ;8 [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd [PAR] 3 [PAR] SHOPPING [PAR] CARVING A NEW NICHE Independent of the week Simon Bennett tells Natalie Banyard how he saw a gap in the market for high quality furniture [PAR] W [PAR] hether your style is traditional, modern, quirky or classic, Bristol\u2019s Green Woods Furniture offers stunning, quality wood furniture that you won\u2019t be able to resist. Not only that, the Redland retailer\u2019s furniture, beds and organic mattresses are all sustainably sourced, hand-crafted in the UK by skilled carpenters and can be made-to-measure. The impressive independent shop was launched in 2007 by Simon Bennett, who saw a gap in the market while working for other furniture stores in Bristol. Simon tells me: \u201cThe furniture would come in from an agent and it had all been flown in from Indonesia or China. \u201cCustomers would ask questions about the background of the wood and half the time the agent didn\u2019t even know what sort of wood it was, let alone whether it was ethical. \u201cThe furniture also came in set sizes, which was restricting. In the UK we have little alcoves and unusually shaped fireplaces. They don\u2019t have that abroad, so they don\u2019t cater for it. \u201cWith all that in mind, I decided to open a shop that offered ethically sourced wood [PAR] 4 [PAR] furniture, crafted in the UK, often within 100 miles of the Bristol shop, at bespoke, made-to-measure sizes.\u201d The formula has proved to be a winner, outgrowing its previous premises in nearby Hampton Road a year ago and taking up residence in its spacious corner property on Redland\u2019s Coldharbour Road. \u201cI had my eye on this shop for a while, but thought it would be out of my price range to be honest with you,\u201d Simon smiles, \u201cbut then it became available, I discovered we could afford it, and here we are. \u201cIt\u2019s a great sized shop with a basement, in a lovely area, surrounded by a nice community of unusual, independent shops. It\u2019s perfect.\u201d Although it can only keep a fraction of its extensive range on the premises, items on display allow customers to get a feel for the quality of the workmanship and the materials used. There\u2019s a selection of beds in store, including the superbly crafted Plank Gate bed, constructed from sustainably sourced Quebec pine, and the attractive solid Hinton bed with its sloping headboard, made by a Bristol-based carpenter. There\u2019s a number of coffee tables made from various woods and in a range of designs from the one-off, characterful, waney [PAR] Nyvt Nypkh\u00804 Vv}ltily 94 :89; [PAR] edge elm table, which would provide a stunning centrepiece to any room, to the"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Coronation Street\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb \"Coronation Street\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes [PAR] Overview [PAR] 23 out of 24 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Corrie on regardless [PAR] from York [PAR] 30 November 2000 [PAR] TV is a fickle business and never more so than in one of its dramatic mainstays - the humble soap. [PAR] Getting the balance between comedy and drama can be a tricky affair, not to mention having (and keeping) a cast of likeable characters who make you want to tune in for more week after week. [PAR] While Eldorado and Albion Market failed to capture the imagination of the nation, there are others that manage to shrug off the birth pangs, cope with a difficult adolesence and settle down while seizing the heart of the nation. [PAR] In case you didn't know it, Corrie is 40 this year and as one of the world's longest running soaps it has earned its place in the record books. [PAR] It began not with a bang but with a whimper. [PAR] The opening scenes are still etched in the mind of creator Tony Warren, who developed the show while still a mere slip of a lad. Mrs Lappin slipped a coin into a bubblegum machine outside her corner shop, and Ena Sharples, scowling like a bulldog beneath THAT hairnet, demanded: \"Are those fancies today's? I'll take half a dozen - and no eclairs. NO eclairs.\" [PAR] Lest we forget, the show gave rise to some of the best actors and writers in the business, including Joanna Lumley, Ben Kingsley and The Royle Family's much loved mate, Twiggy (Geoffrey Hughes). [PAR] Scriptwriters like Jack Rosenthal (Yentl, London's Burning) and Frank Cottrell Boyce (Jude, Hillary and Jackie) gave us dialogue and scenes that went above and beyond the realms of most shows while it enlivened many a dull night's TV by its very presence alone. [PAR] Over the years, we have relished the clashes between Ena (Violet Carson) and Elsie (Pat Phoenix), thrown soft furnishings at the TV while dithery Derek (Peter Baldwin) and Mavis (Thelma Barlow) tested the patience of saints and wept buckets as Judy Mallett (Gaynor Faye), Des Barnes (Phil Middlemiss) and most of Ken Barlow's (William Roache) wives became another statistic in the suspiciously high list of Weatherfield residents who met their maker far too early. [PAR] This year has been as unmissable as any in its four decade history with the Tony Horrocks murder and the 'Martn' (Sean Wilson) and Rebecca (Jill Halfpenny) affair coming to a head, not to mention Jez (the excellent Lee Boardman) and Alison (Naomi Radcliffe) reaching a sticky end as polar opposite characters both cut short by some brutal scripting. [PAR] The Street has become so ingrained in people's hearts that, over the years, many have lost sight of that thin line between fact and fiction. [PAR] When Elsie Tanner was lying unidentified in a London hospital after being knocked down by a taxi, viewers wrote to her husband to tell him where she was. [PAR] Dozens of women took up their knitting needles to make dustman Eddie Yates a new woolly hat when his own was shredded in the washing machine, and when Ena lost her post as secretary of the Glad Tidings mission, the job offers flooded in. [PAR] People have even tried to book Christmas parties at the Rovers Return and rent the houses which become vacant in Britain's most celebrated terraced street. Former producer Bill"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ada Lovelace | British mathematician | Britannica.com Ada Lovelace | British mathematician | Britannica.com [PAR] British mathematician [PAR] Alternative Titles: Ada King, countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada Byron, Lady Byron [PAR] Ada Lovelace [PAR] Augusta Ada Byron, Lady Byron [PAR] born [PAR] London or Piccadilly Terrace, England [PAR] died [PAR] Charles Babbage [PAR] Ada Lovelace, in full Ada King, countess of Lovelace, original name Augusta Ada Byron, Lady Byron (born December 10, 1815, Piccadilly Terrace, Middlesex [now in London], England \u2014died November 27, 1852, Marylebone , London ), English mathematician, an associate of Charles Babbage , for whose prototype of a digital computer she created a program. She has been called the first computer programmer . [PAR] She was the daughter of famed poet Lord Byron and Annabella Milbanke Byron, who legally separated two months after her birth. Her father then left Britain forever, and his daughter never knew him personally. She was educated privately by tutors and then self-educated but was helped in her advanced studies by mathematician-logician Augustus De Morgan , the first professor of mathematics at the University of London. On July 8, 1835, she married William King , 8th Baron King, and, when he was created an earl in 1838, she became countess of Lovelace. [PAR] She became interested in Babbage\u2019s machines as early as 1833 and, most notably, in 1843 came to translate and annotate an article written by the Italian mathematician and engineer Luigi Federico Menabrea, \u201c [PAR] Notions sur la machine analytique de Charles Babbage [PAR] \u201d (1842; \u201c [PAR] Elements of Charles Babbage\u2019s Analytical Machine [PAR] \u201d). Her detailed and elaborate annotations (especially her description of how the proposed Analytical Engine could be programmed to compute Bernoulli numbers) were excellent; \u201cthe Analytical Engine,\u201d she said, \u201cweaves algebraic patterns, just as the Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves.\u201d [PAR] Babbage only built a small part of the Analytical Engine, but Lovelace\u2019s efforts have been remembered. The early programming language Ada was named for her, and the second Tuesday in October has become Ada Lovelace Day, on which the contributions of women to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are honoured. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Selenologist - definition of selenologist by The Free ... Selenologist - definition of selenologist by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Selenologist - definition of selenologist by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/selenologist [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia . [PAR] sel\u00b7e\u00b7nol\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (s\u0115l\u2032\u0259-n\u014fl\u2032\u0259-j\u0113) [PAR] The astronomical study of the moon. [PAR] sel\u2032e\u00b7no\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal (-n\u0259-l\u014fj\u2032\u012d-k\u0259l) adj. [PAR] sel\u2032e\u00b7nol\u2032o\u00b7gist n. [PAR] selenology [PAR] (Astronomy) the branch of astronomy concerned with the moon, its physical characteristics, nature, origin, etc [PAR] selenological adj [PAR] sel\u2022e\u2022nol\u2022o\u2022gy [PAR] (\u02ccs\u025bl \u0259\u02c8n\u0252l \u0259 d\u0292i) [PAR] n. [PAR] the branch of astronomy that deals with the nature and origin of the physical features of the moon. [PAR] [1815\u201325] [PAR] se\u2022le\u2022no\u2022log\u2022i\u2022cal (s\u0259\u02cclin l\u02c8\u0252d\u0292 \u026a k\u0259l) adj. [PAR] sel`e\u2022nol\u2032o\u2022gist, n. [PAR] selenology [PAR] The astronomical study of the moon. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] selenology - the branch of astronomy that deals with the moon [PAR] astronomy , uranology - the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where\u2019s London\u2019s oldest\u2026(still-in-use) theatre ... Where\u2019s London\u2019s oldest\u2026(still-in-use) theatre? | Exploring London [PAR] A blog about London and its history\u2026 [PAR] Where\u2019s London\u2019s oldest\u2026(still-in-use) theatre? [PAR] July 11, 2011 [PAR] While the remains of some of London\u2019s oldest purpose-built theatres \u2013 such as The Rose and The Globe \u2013 can be found in once notorious Southwark, London\u2019s oldest, still-in-use theatre is in fact in the West End. The Theatre Royal Drury Lane (not to be confused with the Theatre Royal Haymarket) apparently takes the honor \u2013 the latest incarnation of a theatre which has still on the same location since 1663. [PAR] First built on the orders of Restoration-era dramatist and theatre manager Thomas Killigrew, the original theatre on the site \u2013 where King Charles II\u2019s mistress Nell Gwynn apparently trod the boards and which was originally known as the Theatre Royal in Bridges Street \u2013 was burnt down in 1672 only to be rebuilt to the designs of Sir Christopher Wren two years later. [PAR] This building lasted for more than a century before it too was demolished \u2013 this time to make way for a larger theatre which opened its doors in 1794. Fire seems to have been a perennial problem, for it too burned down in 1809, being rebuilt and opened again in 1812 with a performance of Hamlet (the current building, designed by BenjaminWyatt). [PAR] Now owned by star composer Andrew Lloyd Webber via his Really Useful Group, the building has associations with some of London\u2019s theatreland\u2019s finest names \u2013 everyone from eighteenth century actor David Garrick (one of the theatre\u2019s managers) to early nineteenth century child actress Clara Fisher and, in more recent times, Monty Python. [PAR] Currently hosting Shrek: The Musical, other recent productions there have included Miss Saigon and a musical adaption of Lord of the Rings. [PAR] Share this:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. What is made using soda, lime and silica? - Jade Wright ... 1. What is made using soda, lime and silica? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo [PAR] 1. What is made using soda, lime and silica? [PAR] 2. What type of material is produced in a ginnery? [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] 2. What type of material is produced in a ginnery? [PAR] 3. Who has written a series of letters entitled `Dear Fatty` in the form of an autobiography? [PAR] 4. Who did Ted Turner, the media tycoon, marry in 1991? [PAR] 5. What is the common name for epistaxis? [PAR] 6. Who played Jane opposite Johnny Weissmuller\u2019s Tarzan in 1932? [PAR] 7. Which three letters did SOS as a Morse mayday signal? [PAR] 8. Who created Wikipedia on the World Wide Web? [PAR] 9. What was the breed of Columbo\u2019s dog? [PAR] 10. Which song contains the line \u201cSpare him his life from this monstrosity\u201d? [PAR] 1. Glass; 2. Cotton; 3. Dawn French; 4. Jane Fonda; 5. Nose bleed; 6. Maureen O`Sullivan in Tarzan The Ape Man; 7. CQD - CQ was a general call to all ships and D signalled Distress; 8. Jimmy Wales; 9. Basset hound; 10. Bohemian Rhapsody [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent[DOC] [TLE] Ginnery - definition of ginnery by The Free Dictionary Ginnery - definition of ginnery by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Ginnery - definition of ginnery by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ginnery [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Financial , Encyclopedia . [PAR] gin 1 [PAR] (j\u012dn) [PAR] n. [PAR] A strong colorless alcoholic beverage made by distilling or redistilling rye or other grain spirits and adding juniper berries and sometimes other flavorings such as anise, caraway seeds, or angelica root. [PAR] [Alteration of geneva, from Dutch jenever, from Middle Dutch geniver, juniper, from Old French geneivre, from Vulgar Latin *iiniperus, from Latin i\u016bniperus.] [PAR] gin\u2032ny adj. [PAR] 1. Any of several machines or devices, especially: [PAR] a. A machine for hoisting or moving heavy objects. [PAR] b. A pile driver. [PAR] c. A snare or trap for game. [PAR] d. A pump operated by a windmill. [PAR] 2. A cotton gin. [PAR] tr.v. ginned, gin\u00b7ning, gins [PAR] 1. To remove the seeds from (cotton) with a cotton gin. [PAR] 2. To trap in a gin. [PAR] Phrasal Verb: [PAR] gin up [PAR] 1. To create or produce; work up: \"If we ever ginned up the courage to speak honestly about race, we might also open up unexpected avenues of racial healing\" (Michael Eric Dyson). [PAR] 2. To create or produce under false pretenses: \"U.S. officials have asked their foreign counterparts to gin up a charge so that the United States can credibly claim it is rendering a suspect to face legal charges when it is really trying to gather information\" (Daniel Byman). [PAR] 3. To increase or make more active: gin up sales; gin up the economy. [PAR] [Middle English, from Old French, short for engin, skill; see engine.] [PAR] gin 3 [PAR] Used to announce that one has won a game of gin rummy. [PAR] gin [PAR] (d\u0292\u026an) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Brewing) an alcoholic drink obtained by distillation and rectification of the grain of malted barley, rye, or maize, flavoured with juniper berries [PAR] 2. (Brewing) any of various grain spirits flavoured with other fruit or aromatic essences: sloe gin. [PAR] 3. (Brewing) an alcoholic drink made from any rectified spirit [PAR] [C18:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Anne \u2013 18 Pregnancies, No Living Children \u2013 the ... Queen Anne \u2013 18 Pregnancies, No Living Children \u2013 the stars apart [PAR] kate [PAR] November 12, 2012 [PAR] Thats terrible\u2026 I think at the back of my mind, where the facts I learnt at GCSE history live, I did know about this. One bit that strikes me is that at the start of 1687 she had a miscarriage and then lost both surviving children to small pox within a month! [PAR] It is totally tragic but I bet this kind of thing happens today in developing countries. I spent some time working as a teacher in rural Kenya and there was a clinic in the same compound as the school (it was a convent community centre type place) Anyway in the month I was there we had several people bring in babies dying of tummy bugs that would be so quickly treated in the U.K and if you were premature then that was it, no NICU. Also, no proper operating theatre so if the baby was in distress there were no ceaserians, you just had to wait and see unless you had money and transport to go several hours in to the city to the big hospital- which most people didn\u2019t. At least my boys, at 24 weeks +3 stood a chance here and were well cared for. they certainly wouldn\u2019t there or indeed in the 1600s! [PAR] Natasha Papousek [PAR] November 12, 2012 [PAR] Oh. Oh, how awful! How tragic! How did she manage to keep going? I can\u2019t even imagine. I\u2019ve had my own miscarriages (one in England when we lived there in 1994), and I eventually just stopped getting pregnant because I couldn\u2019t deal with losing them all. [PAR] What depth of tragedy for the women of earlier times. [PAR] marwil [PAR] November 13, 2012 [PAR] What a terrible way to live back then, really horrific to lose so many babies. I can\u2019t imagine how she could go on trying, how much heartbreak can one person hold I wonder. [PAR] November 13, 2012 [PAR] Wow. I can\u2019t even imagine what her life must\u2019ve been like losing that many children. [PAR] Missymaise [PAR] November 14, 2012 [PAR] Wow that is incredibly sad \u2013 and to think she was one of the priviledged people what happened to the poor?! I heard a programme on the radio a while ago about a figure from history (I don\u2019t recall who) Who had had 9 pregnancies and only 1 surviving child. In so many ways I\u2019m so grateful to be alive now and have the health care that I do, knowing that my stillbirth was due to a placenta problem and that they will induce me early to try and prevent it happening again, along with loads of scans, aspirin and monitoring cord blood flow. I guess there are still places in the world where this could happen. It reminds me to count my blessings even after stillbirth. Thanks Fiona [PAR] Caroline [PAR] November 15, 2012 [PAR] oh how awful. Given the time, the lack of support for such a horrible thing and how she was just expected to, and did, continue to try and produce a living heir to the throne \u2013 all the while probably not being allowed to publicly grieve for any of those babies. Just awful. So heartbreaking. [PAR] Nick [PAR] May 2, 2013 [PAR] A particularly dreadful feature is that the one child who did survive infancy died at the age of eleven \u2013 William, Duke of Gloucester. It may reveal something about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sidney James - IMDb Sidney James - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack [PAR] The star of the Carry On series of films, Sid James originally came to prominence as sidekick to the ground breaking British comedy actor Tony Hancock, on both radio and then television. Born in Johannesburg, South Africa and named Solomon Joel Cohen, James arrived in England in 1946, second wife in tow, having served with the South African Army ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:[DOC] [TLE] Celebrity Deathwatch \u2013 Carry On | Micro Filums' Blog Celebrity Deathwatch \u2013 Carry On | Micro Filums' Blog [PAR] Celebrity Deathwatch \u2013 Carry On [PAR] Posted on 10/05/2010 by microfilums [PAR] \u201cThey haunt the body of British culture like a rotting thong,\u201d groans one critic. Yet Kenneth Williams\u2019 \u2018Carry on Cleo\u2019 gem \u2013 \u201cInfamy! Infamy! They\u2019ve all got it in for me!\u201d \u2013 was recently voted the funniest one-liner in film , above anything by Python, Groucho Marx or Woody Allen. [PAR] While Quentin Tarantino declared at the Cannes Film Festival: \u201cthe Carry On films weren\u2019t art, but they were funny.\u201d And our Quentin knows a thing or two about funny. [PAR] What is undeniable is that many of the \u2018Carry On\u2019 cast led sad, almost tragic lives. This is how they ended. [PAR] Kenneth Williams , 15 April 1988, aged 62. The famously troubled Carry On star hated his father \u2013 indeed some believe Williams actually murdered him in 1962 \u2013 but had a close relationship with his mother. His diaries reveal he detested most of the \u2018Carry On\u2019 cast \u2013 apart from Hattie Jacques and Barbara Windsor \u2013 and believed his immense talent was underused, and underpaid. At the time his death was reported as an overdose. Others believe Williams committed suicide. Overdose? [PAR] Sid James , 26 April 1976, aged 62. Gambler, womanizer, and funny man, James suffered a massive heart attack in 1967. After recovering he appeared in many more \u2018Carry On\u2019 films, as well as ITV sitcom \u2018 Bless This House \u2018. But in 1976 he became ill ten minutes in to the opening night of a play called \u2018The Mating Season\u2019 at the Sunderland Empire. When theatre manager Melvin James asked the audience if there was a doctor in the house he got the biggest laugh of the night. A rumour persists that James\u2019 ghost haunts the theatre dressing room. Heart attack. [PAR] Charles Hawtrey , 27 October 1988, aged 73. A leading boy soprano at the age of eight, Hawtrey worked with Flynn, Laughton, Vivian Lee and Hitchcock before becoming that funny guy with the glasses. Increasingly bitter at his lack of opportunities, and dependent on pink champagne, he made national headlines later in life when a rent boy set fire to his cottage after Hawtrey tried to pay him by cheque. Constant smoking led to hardening of the arteries in his legs. When Doctors advised he would die if he didn\u2019t have them amputated, he refused, saying he would rather die than have his legs off. Two weeks later he did. Peripheral vascular disease. [PAR] Kenneth Connor , 28 November 1993, aged 77. Of all the major \u2018Carry On\u2019 stars we know least about Connor. Early roles include a taxi driver in The Ladykillers . Also provided the voice of the chimpanzee in the PG Tips tea adverts. Later in life starred in Perry & Croft sitcom, \u2018 Allo Allo \u2019. Two days before his death appeared on Noel Edmonds\u2019 Telly Addicts. Cancer. [PAR] Peter Butterworth , 16 January"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Noisette | Define Noisette at Dictionary.com Noisette | Define Noisette at Dictionary.com [PAR] noisette [PAR] [nwah-zet; French nwa-zet] /nw\u0251\u02c8z\u025bt; French nwa\u02c8z\u025bt/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] [nwah-zets; French nwa-zet] /nw\u0251\u02c8z\u025bts; French nwa\u02c8z\u025bt/ (Show IPA) [PAR] 1. [PAR] a loin, fillet, or other lean section of meat: [PAR] an entr\u00e9e of lamb noisettes. [PAR] Origin of noisette [PAR] Latin [PAR] 1890-1895 [PAR] 1890-95; < French: a round, rather thick slice of fillet or loin of lamb or mutton, diminutive of noix choice part of a cut of meat, literally, nut, kernel < Latin nucem, accusative of nux; see -ette [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Men (TV Series 1974\u2013 ) - IMDb Mr. Men (TV Series 1974\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Mr Men are a whole host of brightly colored characters that live in Misterland. All of them have names like Mr Happy, Mr Clumsy and Mr Greedy and their appearance and personality match their name. Narrated by Arthur Lowe. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] \"No Small Parts\" IMDb Exclusive: 'Edge of Seventeen' Star Hailee Steinfeld [PAR] Hailee Steinfeld has received critical acclaim for her role in the coming-of-age comedy The Edge of Seventeen . What other roles has she played over the years? Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 294 titles [PAR] created 04 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 2739 titles [PAR] created 23 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 72 titles [PAR] created 27 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 79 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 699 titles [PAR] created 09 Aug 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Mr. Men \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Button Moon (TV Series 1980) [PAR] Family [PAR] Mr Spoon and his family live on Junk Planet. He travels in his baked bean tin spaceship across blanket sky to Button Moon. There he meets many strange characters and watches stories unfold on other planets using his telescope. [PAR] Stars: Robin Parkinson [PAR] The Wombles (TV Series 1973) [PAR] Animation | Family [PAR] The misadventures of a fantasy folk community dedicated to cleaning up litter and put it to their own use. [PAR] Stars: Bernard Cribbins, Dieter Hallervorden [PAR] The life of the Mr Men and little Misses presented in short skits. [PAR] Stars: Alicyn Packard, Joey D'Auria, Paul Greenberg [PAR] Children's puppet programme featuring music and stories. [PAR] Stars: Geoffrey Hayes, Roy Skelton, Stanley Bates [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X [PAR] A team of 6 contestants play a series of physical, mental, skill and mystery games across 4 themed zones gaining as many crystals as possible which determine how many seconds they get as they attempt to win a prize inside the Crystal Dome. [PAR] Stars: Richard O'Brien, Edward Tudor-Pole, Sandra Caron [PAR] Dungeons and Dragons-style show that lets contestants explore a computer-generated fantasy world, with wicked special effects and cunning puzzles. [PAR] Stars: Hugo Myatt, David Learner, John Woodnutt [PAR] The adventures of Spot, a little yellow puppy and his family and friends. [PAR] Stars: Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Paul Nicholas, Peter Hawkins [PAR] A man runs a shop in Manchester with fun, mischievous puppets Sooty, Sweep, Soo and Little Cousin Scampi. [PAR] Stars: Matthew Corbett, Brenda Longman, John Bird [PAR] In a toy factory, after being made, a teddy bear is put in a storeroom after being deposed. The teddy bear is found by a cosmic being from outer space known as Spotty Man, and Spotty Man ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Derek Griffiths, Peter Hawkins, Jon Pertwee [PAR] Popular British children's animation series, repeated almost constantly since 1971. Mr Benn is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three for joy: Reunion of Magpie presenters after 29 years ... Three for joy: Reunion of Magpie presenters after 29 years apart | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Three for joy: Reunion of Magpie presenters after 29 years apart [PAR] For a generation of children in the 1970s, they were the cooler, trendier alternative to the BBC\u2019s conservative Blue Peter. [PAR] Inevitably, these days the jawlines are slacker and the hair less luxuriant. [PAR] But the years rolled away when the three main presenters of ITV children\u2019s classic Magpie were reunited. [PAR] Like old times: The presenters of 1970s Magpie - the Blue Peter rival - meet up again [PAR] Jenny Hanley, Mick Robertson and Douglas Rae fronted the teatime programme together for three years, pulling in audiences of as much as 10million. [PAR] They have remained in occasional contact but all three of them got together for the first time since 1980 at a fete in the Surrey village where Rae lives. [PAR] Miss Hanley, now 61, was asked to open the fete and decided to organise the reunion by contacting Robertson, who grew up in the next village. [PAR] Prime: Rae (left), Robertson and Hanley [PAR] The trio greeted each other with hugs before spending the afternoon chatting about old times. [PAR] Miss Hanley said: \u2018It is so lovely to see the guys again \u2013 as if we last saw each other only yesterday. We worked together for three and a half years and got on so well together back then, and clearly still do now.\u2019 [PAR] Robertson, 65, said: \u2018It is great to see Jenny and Douglas again \u2013 we used to really look out for each other.\u2019 [PAR] Magpie was first broadcast in 1968 and was initially presented by Susan Stranks, Tony Bastable and former Radio 1 DJ Pete Brady. [PAR] The show\u2019s mascot was a fat magpie named Murgatroyd. It had rock-based theme music which used the old rhyme about the bird \u2018One for sorrow, two for joy\u2019. [PAR] Bastable and Brady left Magpie in 1972 and were replaced by Rae and Robertson. Miss Stranks left in 1974 after which Miss Hanley joined. [PAR] The only other change came when Tommy Boyd took over from Rae in 1977. All the presenters were invited back for the last episode in 1980. [PAR] In her heyday, Miss Hanley\u2019s angelic blue-eyed, blonde look won her a legion of fans, while Robertson looked a bit like a pop star. [PAR] Their image was in contrast to Blue Peter rivals such as John Noakes and Peter Purves. [PAR] There was tremendous rivalry between the shows with many children branding the BBC\u2019s show as too \u2018goody two shoes\u2019 and \u2018worthy\u2019. [PAR] Magpie concentrated more on pop music, fashion and fun than its public service rival, but still ran charity campaigns and offered viewers badges for good work. [PAR] But Rae, 61, who is now a film and television producer, revealed that the rivalry was sometimes friendly, describing how he had a brief fling with Blue Peter star Lesley Judd. [PAR] They kept the relationship secret for fear of causing controversy. [PAR] \u2018Lesley was very pretty and, when I met her at a charity function I asked her out for dinner,\u2019 he said. [PAR] \u2018She accepted and we had a bit of a fling. That was the most daring thing I could have done then.\u2019"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HBO: Sex and the City: Homepage HBO: Sex and the City: Homepage [PAR] Sex and the City [PAR] Watch Sex and the City [PAR] NOW & GOAvailable [PAR] HBO NOW [PAR] Spend a Girls Night in: Sex and the City Is Streaming NOW [PAR] Are you Team Aiden or Team Mr. Big? Ponder life's big questions with Carrie Bradshaw. Every episode of Sex and the City is available on HBO NOW. Start your free trial today. [PAR] Watch Sex and the City [PAR] NOW & GOAvailable [PAR] Watch Sex and the City [PAR] NOW & GOAvailable [PAR] All availability Full HBO Schedule [PAR] ways to watch HBO [PAR] HBO is home to the most talked about programs on television - from groundbreaking series, films, documentaries and sports to the biggest blockbuster movies available anywhere. And it's never been easier to watch HBO programs - when you want, where you want. [PAR] Order HBO from your service provider.[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Big - Sex and the City Wiki - Wikia Mr. Big | Sex and the City Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Mr. Big (John James Preston) (born April 7, 1955) is a fictional character in the HBO series Sex and the City, portrayed by Chris Noth. The character's name is not revealed in the series until the last episode, when his first name is revealed to be John. His last name is never disclosed in the series. Sex and the City: The Movie finally reveals his full name to be John James Preston. He is the primary on-and-off love interest of the series' protagonist, Carrie Bradshaw, who usually simply refers to him as \"Big\". [PAR] According to accounts in the press, the Mr. Big character was based on publishing executive Ron Galotti, former publisher of GQ and Talk magazine. Bushnell told New York Magazine in 2004: \u201cHe was one of those New York guys with a big personality\u2014you just notice him as soon as he walks in the room,\u201d and \u201cI called him Mr. Big because he was like a big man on campus.\u201d [PAR] Pilot [PAR] Edit [PAR] \"Mr. Big\" appears in the first episode \" Sex and the City (episode) \" as a very wealthy and mysterious man who accidentally meets Carrie on the streets of Manhattan. The nickname \"Mr. Big\" refers to his status as, \"the next Donald Trump\" and \"major tycoon, major dreamboat, and majorly out of [Carrie's] league\". When Carrie Bradshaw and Samantha Jones bump into Mr. Big at a night club, Samantha tries to hit on Mr. Big, but he graciously declines. In the first few episodes, he and Carrie constantly bump into one other, until finally Carrie suggests the two of them should bump into one another on purpose. Mr. Big agrees and thus begins their on-and-off-again relationship. [PAR] Story arc [PAR] Edit [PAR] Carrie eventually falls in love with him, despite his frequent displays of commitment and intimacy phobias. She repeatedly returns to the relationship even though he is clearly emotionally unavailable to her and unable to meet her needs. They break up twice over the course of two years. After only dating for five months, Mr. Big marries twenty-something Natasha (Bridget Moynahan), whom he met in Paris. This has a profoundly negative effect on Carrie's self-esteem. [PAR] After seven months of marriage, Mr. Big bumps into Carrie and Aidan at a furniture show. He begins to pine for Carrie and initiates an affair with her. Carrie feels guilty about having sex with Mr. Big, but she continues the affair. It continues until Natasha comes home and"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coronation Street | Television New Zealand | Entertainment ... Coronation Street | Television New Zealand | Entertainment | TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2 [PAR] [PAR] In the beginning\u2026 [PAR] Coronation Street began at 7pm on Friday 9 December 1960. The first episode was transmitted live. Nearly 8000 episodes later Coronation Street continues to be a ratings success, captivating audiences worldwide. [PAR] A young scriptwriter called Tony Warren created the series, originally titled Florizel Street. The first episode was penned within 24 hours, 13 episodes were commissioned and the face of British television was set to change forever. [PAR] Broadcast facts [PAR] Viewers were given their first glimpse of Coronation Street in full colour when the first colour episode was transmitted on 3rd November 1969. [PAR] A live episode was broadcast to mark the series' 40th anniversary in December 2000 - the first time the show had been broadcast live since 1960 and 1961. Another live episode aired to mark the 50th anniversary in 2010. [PAR] The 1000th episode was transmitted on 24th August 1970. [PAR] Famous fans include: Anthony Hopkins; Michael Parkinson; Julie Walters; Cliff Richard; Victoria Wood; Cilla Black; Cheryl Cole; Snoop Dogg. [PAR] A number of famous faces have paid visits to the set including: Diana Dors; Dustin Hoffman; Alfred Hitchcock; Howard Keel; Boy George; Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair; Queen Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh. [PAR] On 8 August 1979, the programme was taken off air as part of an ITV strike. It returned to the screen on 24 October. [PAR] The series originally aired twice a week. A third weekly episode was introduced in 1989, and a fourth in 1996. Coronation Street has broadcast five times a week since 2002. [PAR] The production team has travelled abroad to film at foreign locations on seven occasions: Majorca (1974); Torremolinos (1987); Normandy (1994); Amsterdam (1998); Paris (2000 and 2006); Malta (2007). [PAR] There have been five spin-off video/DVD releases: The Feature Length QE2 Special (1995); Viva Las Vegas (1997); Out of Africa (2008); Romanian Holiday (2009); A Knight's Tale (2010). A six-part series ('After Hours') set in Brighton, featuring the returns of Bet Gilroy and Reg Holdsworth, aired in November 1999. [PAR] Cast facts [PAR] William Tarmey and Elizabeth Dawn both appeared as background artists for several years before making their debuts as Jack and Vera Duckworth. [PAR] Rita ( played by Barbara Knox ) first appeared on screen on 2 December 1964. [PAR] Famous faces who have walked on the Weatherfield cobbles include: Joanna Lumley; Ben Kingsley; Ian McKellen; Stephanie Beacham; Patricia Routledge; Patrick Stewart; Martin Shaw; June Whitfield; Anna Friel; Nigel Havers. [PAR] Celebrities who have appeared as background artists on the show include: Cliff Richard; Mel B; Peter Schmeichel. [PAR] Roy Barraclough played three different characters during the 1960s, before first appearing as Alec Gilroy on 26 June 1972. [PAR] After 13 years, Patricia Phoenix (Elsie Tanner) left the programme on 8 October 1973. She returned in 1976 and remained for 8 more years, appearing in 1641 episodes. [PAR] Mike Baldwin made his first appearance on 11 October 1976 and bowed out 30 years later on 7 April 2006 after 2383 episodes. He remains one of the 10 longest-serving cast members in the show's 53 year history. [PAR] Doris Speed was awarded an MBE by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 29 November 1977. [PAR] Violet Carson made her last appearance as Ena Sharples after 1150 episodes on 4 April 1980. [PAR] Jean Alexander made her last appearance as Hilda Ogden on 25 December 1987 - an episode watched by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Comedy - The Liver Birds BBC - Comedy - The Liver Birds [PAR] The Liver Birds [PAR] The Liver Birds [PAR] The Liver Birds began life as a Comedy Playhouse pilot. Created by friends Carla Lane and Myra Taylor (who'd met at a writers' workshop), the show - their first contribution to television - was very much based on their own lives in Liverpool. [PAR] With the BBC keen to develop the production into a series, the duo were assigned experienced writer Len Schwarz as a mentor during the early years, with Eric Idle on script-editing duties. [PAR] The first series followed the exploits of Dawn and Beryl sharing a flat on Liverpool's Huskisson Street. With women beginning to enjoy new freedoms at the start of the 1970s, the show followed the friends as they hit the dating scene, partied and generally tried to improve their lot in life. [PAR] After the first run, Pauline Collins left, to be replaced by Nerys Hughes as Sandra. It was here The Liver Birds' golden era dawned - the newcomer proving to be a refined foil to the outgoing Beryl. [PAR] More change followed at the end of series four. With Polly James now deciding to move on, Beryl was married off, and in came scatty Carol. She brought with her an extended family - the Boswells. [PAR] Clearly the inspiration for Lane's 1980s series Bread, this incarnation of the clan included rabbit-loving brother Lucien and God-fearing parents. [PAR] The series came to a conclusion 1979, but that wasn't the end of the story. [PAR] In 1996, The Liver Birds return for a seven-part, continuity-mangling reprise. Set 20 years on, the show's golden pairing of Sandra and Beryl were back together again, contemplating life after divorce. Lucien was now Beryl's sibling, while Carmel McSharry played her mother, Mrs Hennessy. [PAR] Cast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frances de la Tour interview: From Shakespeare to Rising ... Frances de la Tour interview: From Shakespeare to Rising Damp, the actress has lit up stage and TV for 50 years - and found new fans in Vicious | The Independent [PAR] Profiles [PAR] Frances de la Tour interview: From Shakespeare to Rising Damp, the actress has lit up stage and TV for 50 years - and found new fans in Vicious [PAR] Back in the 1970s, the TV sitcom \u2018Rising Damp\u2019 brought Frances de la Tour such recognition that she could be forgiven if she\u2019d never been able to move on. But at 70, she continues to flourish - and to beguile [PAR] Friday 22 May 2015 17:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] De la Tour's major strength is to radiate a slightly weary, seen-it-all romanticism Kalpesh Lathigra [PAR] It takes approximately 90 seconds to register that Frances de la Tour is a shocking flirt. As she perches beside me on the sofa in the first-floor bar of the Ivy Club in Soho, her eyes lock on to mine, her expressive mouth widens into a cheerfully on-for-it grin and, as I babble through a chaotic question about her recent adventures, she cuts straight across it and says, fingering the sleeve of my suit: \"This is a nice piece of schmatter \u2013 is it linen or cotton?\" [PAR] This year, in which she turns 71, she celebrates 50 years of stage acting at the highest level \u2013 at the Royal Shakespeare Company, the National Theatre and in London's West End. She has played classic roles from Chekhov, Webster, Shaw, Albee and Eugene O'Neill as well as the Bard, while descending, from time to time, to the less rarefied level of television comedy. Her major strength is to radiate a slightly weary, seen-it-all romanticism, expressing a perfect balance of disappointment and optimism via that uniquely rich contralto voice. She's equally at home playing tragedy or comedy \u2013 you could say that she had a head start, given that she possesses both the most melancholy eyes and the most dazzling smile in British theatre. [PAR] In the public consciousness, she is stuck fast in the 1970s with her role in Rising Damp as Miss Ruth Jones, the poodle-haired and breathless object of Leonard Rossiter's urgent desire and seedy gallantry. Their double-act entered the collective cultural memory and stayed there, a fact that does not please De la Tour. [PAR] \"It's the tombstone thing, isn't it?\" she says. \"I just know that, when I die, the papers will say, 'Rising Damp Woman Kicks the Bucket'.\" [PAR] To be fair, I say, the 1980 movie version won you Best Actress at the Evening Standard Film Awards. \"Oh yes,\" she says, with a bitter laugh. \"I remember. The Standard people got in touch and said, 'You're up for Best Actress in the Film Awards.' I said, 'But I haven't made a film this year.' They said, 'It's for Rising Damp.' I said, 'Oh, that.' It made me laugh so much.\" [PAR] [PAR] Thirty-five years later, she's playing a different quality of sex object in another TV sitcom, Vicious. The show stars two veteran stage knights, Sir Ian McKellen and Sir Derek Jacobi as Freddie and Stuart, a long-term gay couple and sparring partners in a battle of theatrical bitchiness that amuses or horrifies everyone drawn into its orbit. De la Tour plays Violet Crosby, the neighbour who pops in every day (as they do in sitcom-land) to exchange brittle banter with the senior queens and utter cougarish remarks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Getting Ready for the 1940 Census - Stephen P. Morse Getting Ready for the 1940 Census [PAR] This article appeared in the Association of Professional Genealogists Quarterly (December 2011). [PAR] [PAR] Background [PAR] [PAR] The US census has been taken every ten years starting in 1790.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd In 1942, all censuses up to and including the 1870 census were made available to the public.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd And since then, each census has been made available to the public 72 years after the census was taken (73 years in the case of the 1900 census).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd As of this writing (October 2011), the last census that has been made available is the 1930 census. [PAR] [PAR] The pages of each of these censuses (with the exception of the 1890 census, most of which was destroyed due to a fire) have been scanned and placed online at various free and pay websites.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd And the names of all people in these censuses have been indexed, making it possible to search for people in the census by name. [PAR] [PAR] Opening Day for the 1940 Census [PAR] [PAR] The census day for the 1940 census was April 1, 1940.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd That doesn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt mean that the census taker knocked on the door on April 1 and took down the information.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd He probably came a few days after April 1.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd But the questions he asked pertained to April 1.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Uncle Sam wanted to get a snapshot of the nation as it existed on April 1. [PAR] [PAR] Since the census is sealed for 72 years, opening day for the 1940 census should be April 1, 2012.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd But it will be delayed to April 2 since April 1 falls on a Sunday, and the National Archives is closed on Sundays. [PAR] [PAR] In previous years, the release of each census involved making microfilm copies of the master census microfilms (the original census pages have long since been destroyed).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd These microfilm copies were then made available to various archives and libraries.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd It was from these microfilm copies that several companies and organizations scanned the census images and placed them online. [PAR] [PAR] That will not be the case for the 1940 census.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The master microfilm will not be copied onto distribution microfilm.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Instead it will be scanned and put directly online. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThat will make it available to anyone with Internet access on opening day.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Furthermore, it will be accessible to all for free. [PAR] [PAR] But a complete name index will not exist until at least six months (best guess at this time) after opening day.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd That means that the only way to access the census initially will be by location.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd However the census is not organized by address but rather by the Enumeration District (ED).\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd So to access the census, you will need to obtain the Enumeration District of your desired location. [PAR] [PAR] Enumeration Districts [PAR] [PAR] An Enumeration District is an area that can be canvassed by a single census taker (enumerator) in a census period.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Since 1880, all information in the census is arranged by Enumeration District.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd If you do not know the Enumeration District, you cannot access the census by location! [PAR] [PAR] Each Enumeration District within a state has a unique number.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd In 1930 and 1940, the number consists of two parts, such as 31-1518.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The first part is a prefix number assigned to each county (usually alphabetical) and the second part is a district number within the county.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd In 1940 (but not in 1930) some of the larger cities have their own prefix number.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Such city prefix numbers come after the last county prefix."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Whitehaven Mansions - Hercule Poirot Central Whitehaven Mansions [PAR] Whitehaven Mansions [PAR] Whitehaven Mansions [PAR] Whitehaven Mansions [PAR] A popular question asked at Hercule Poirot Central is: where in London is Whitehaven Mansions, Hercule Poirot's home as seen on the television series \"Poirot\"? [PAR] Such a question deserves an article, c'est vrai. [PAR] It is found on Charterhouse Square in London. Many buildings surround the square, but the residential building known as Florin Court (known as Poirot's \"Whitehaven Mansions\") is located on the eastern side of a park there. Finished in 1936, the building houses a swimming pool in the basement and a roof garden (as seen on satellite images). Florin Court (and Charterhouse Square) is just north of the Museum of London (at London Wall). The Museum of London's postcode is EC2Y 5HN, whereas it is known that Charterhouse Square's postcode is EC1. [PAR] For visitors not familiar to London, Charterhouse Square is just west of Goswell Road/Aldersgate Street and one block north of Beech Street. One can always go to Holborn Circus, and from there take Charterhouse Street in a northeast direction up to the Square. [PAR] Another thing: if you're near the Barbican Centre, home of the London Symphony Orchestra and the Royal Shakespeare Company, you know you're close. The Barbican Centre is adjacent to the Museum of London. [PAR] There are some excellent photos of Florin Court (and Charterhouse Square) on the flickr site . The following satellite images below are taken from Google Earth. I have labeled a few places for idea of proximity/location. To enlarge a picture below, simply click on it. [PAR] All original content \u00a9 2016, Hercule Poirot Central. [PAR] This site is not endorsed by Agatha Christie Ltd. or the Acorn Media Group."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Festing Road SW15 Residents Honour Their Doppelganger ... Festing Road SW15 Residents Honour Their Doppelganger Festive Road [PAR] Participate Sign up for our free weekly newsletter [PAR] Comment on this story on the [PAR] On Saturday author David McKee unveiled the commerative paving stone to him and his creation the cartoon character Mr Benn. This happened in Festing Road, Putney which he renamed Festive Road for the series. [PAR] In the series Mr Benn leaves his terrace house and goes to a dressing up shop and from there into different adventures. On the day nearly twenty Mr Benn's and their families dressed as Mr Benn characters-clowns, chefs, knights, pirates, cavemen not to mention the distinctive shop keeper in his fez and coloured waistcoat \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdall turned up to celebrate. [PAR] Nearly 100 turned up for the event which was filmed by ITV News and well as an independent film crew. Councillor ex Wandsworth mayor Jim Madden said a few words but the day belonged to David McKee and the present residents of Festing Road . The author personally drew Mr Benn in the dozen or so books which had been donated by the publishers as prizes for the children's fancy dress. Special mention must go to Ben Nicholson (wizard) and Zac Hyner (caveman). [PAR] After the unveiling the party went back to no 52(Mr Benn's house in the series) and enjoyed refreshment and a specially made cake shaped as the distinctive bowler. [PAR] Street resident and organiser Hugh Thompson said: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIt was a wonderful day for the street and fans came from all over London, quite incredible. David was an absolute saint, such a modest genius. All Mr Benn stories end with the world being a better place and this one was no exception .Deeper friendships and a stronger sense of community have been achieved in the street and the world now has a permanent [PAR] Residents dressed up as characters from Mr Benn's adventures [PAR] reminder of one of its favourite cartoon characters\". [PAR] Current residents clubbed together to purchase the paving stone as a tribute to author & illustrator and ex-resident David. [PAR] In 1965 When David McKee purchased his house on Festing Road he paid \u00a34,200 - to buy it today would cost over \u00a3800,000! [PAR] November 30, 2009[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to 52 Festive Road Welcome to 52 Festive Road [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Welcome to 52 Festive Road, the home of the bowler hatted civil servant Mr Benn. Mr Benn would routinely visit a fancy dress shop where he would try on a costume, have an adventure in it and then return the costume without paying for it. Not only would he not pay for the rental of the costume, the owner of the fancy dress shop, a fez wearing chap would happily let Mr Benn take away a souvenir of his adventure to add to his collection. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Although the images here are original images they are based on characters that are copyright of King Rollo Films Ltd. The images here are not in the public domain but are Mr Bennware - All images can be taken free of charge, used in an adventure and then replaced when you are finished with them."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grandpa Munster \u2013 Mockingbird Heights, USA | Enchanted America Grandpa Munster \u2013 Mockingbird Heights, USA | [PAR] Home \u203a Television \u203a Grandpa Munster \u2013 Mockingbird Heights, USA [PAR] Grandpa Munster \u2013 Mockingbird Heights, USA [PAR] Posted on December 4, 2014 by jaholst \u2014 Leave a comment [PAR] Grandpa Munster is a 350-year-old vampire (Count Dracula) who has a dungeon laboratory at 1313 Mockingbird Lane on the CBS fantasy comedy THE MUNSTERS (1964-66). [PAR] Grandpa (Al Lewis) lives with his 157-year-old vampire daughter, Lily (Yvonne DeCarlo) ; her Frankenstein husband, Herman Munster (Fred Gwynne); their wolfboy son, Eddie (Butch Patrick), and Grandpa\u2019s pet bat Igor who hangs out in family\u2019s basement with Grandpa who concocts things like an alarm-clock pill that wakes you up on time, and a pill that turns water into gasoline. Grandpa main reference book is the \u201c Encyclopedia of Voodoo .\u201d [PAR] Occasionally, Grandpa\u2019s potions require the assistance of special spell to get them going. Some sample spells: \u201cAbracadabra and asee dosee, allakazam and Bela Lugosi!\u201d (to help Herman wrestle); \u201cIbbidy-bibiddy, rinkidy-dink, make like a statue and freeze, you fink! (to hold a criminal frozen for police); \u201cDon\u2019t let time and space detain ya, off you go to Transylvania (the spell backfired and sent the whole family to Happy Valley Motel in Kansas City). [PAR] Here are some of Grandpa\u2019s potions: [PAR] Episode No. 2 \u201cMy Fair Munster\u201d \u2013 Grandpa creates a love potion to improve his niece Marilyn\u2019s sagging love life (the potion backfired and influenced the wrong Munster). [PAR] Episode No. 12 \u201cSleeping Cutie\u201d \u2013 One of Grandpa\u2019s potions puts Marilyn into a state of semi-permanent sleep. [PAR] Episode No. 19 \u201cEddie\u2019s Nickname\u201d \u2013 Eddie\u2019s schoolmates call him \u201cShorty\u201d so Grandpa mixes up a \u201cmagic milkshake\u201d to make him grow six-inches. Instead, Eddie grows a beard. [PAR] Episode No. 32 \u201cMummy Munster\u201d \u2013 A sleeping pill created by Grandpa gets Herman mistaken for an Egyptian mummy when he falls a sleep in a museum sarcophagus. [PAR] Episode No. 43 \u201cHerman, Coach of the Year\u201d \u2013 Grandpa made a pill to enhance the athletic performance of his nephew Eddie Munster (Butch Patrick). The vitamin pill\u2019s ingredients included \u201ca derby flown in from Kentucky; a feather from \u201cthe worlds\u2019 fastest bird,\u201d the ostrich; a bit of lint from the pouch of a kangaroo; and a zap of lightning from Grandpa\u2019s fingertip to top it off.\u201d [PAR] Episode No. 62 \u201cThe Musician\u201d \u2013 Grandpa whips up a potion to improve Eddie\u2019s trumpet playing. The potion included: \u201cThree strands of Leonard Bernstein\u2019s favorite sauerkraut; a glass of water from the \u201cBlue Danube\u201d; one chopped photograph of Ludwig van Beethoven; a stein of beer from the \u201cWhiffenpoof\u201d song; and a bucket of bilge water from the \u201cHMS Pinafore.\u201d [PAR] Episode No. 41 \u201cBronco Bustin\u2019 Munster\u201d \u2013 Herman Munster begs Grandpa to concoct an instant bravery potion to steady his nerves before a rodeo bronco ride. Grandpa once whipped up an instant bravery pill for King Richard in the Middle Ages. \u201cI\u2019ll have you know that before he took these, he was known as Chicken-Dickie.\u201d [PAR] Episode No. 48 \u201cA Man for Marilyn\u201d \u2013 Grandpa attempts to make a husband for his niece in his laboratory. Other inventions and potions included a pill that turned water into gasoline; a medicine for which there is no disease; a machine that takes electricity from the air and stores it; a cough medicine that gives you a three-day cough; and an alarm clock pill that can be set to make you sleep and wake at chosen times. [PAR] Beside his potions and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Last Corsaire by Frank Leguen - YouTube The Last Corsaire by Frank Leguen - YouTube [PAR] The Last Corsaire by Frank Leguen [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 2, 2014 [PAR] Corsairs (French: corsaire) were privateers, authorized to conduct raids on shipping of a nation at war with France, on behalf of the French crown. Seized vessels and cargo were sold at auction, with the corsair captain entitled to a portion of the proceeds. Although not French Navy personnel, corsairs were considered legitimate combatants in France (and allied nations), provided the commanding officer of the vessel was in possession of a valid Letter of Marque (Lettre de Marque or Lettre de Course, the latter giving corsairs their name), and the officers and crew conducted themselves according to contemporary admiralty law. By acting on behalf of the French Crown, if captured by the enemy, they could claim treatment as prisoners of war, instead of being considered pirates. Because corsairs gained a swashbuckling reputation, the word \"corsair\" is also used generically as a more romantic or flamboyant way of referring to privateers, or even to pirates. The Breton town of St Malo is famous for its Corsairs and this song is about my three times great-grandfather reputed to be the \"Last Corsair of St Malo\". Having fought the English during the Napoleonic wars, he later teamed up with his English brother-in-law in a number of commercial enterprises, not least opening up China to the opium trade something which would be frowned upon today but was considered a fine initiative at the time! As fate would have it most of his descendants ended up living in England although there are still a number in France and even Belgium! The song is written, performed and produced by Frank Leguen and published by TuneCore publishing (c) 2014 [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] French Corsaires. Mus\u00e9e d'Histoire de St Malo, St Malo ... French Corsaires. Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Histoire de St Malo, St Malo, France [PAR] Allegory of Water, Gobelins Workshop, 1942 (tapestry), Gromaire, Marcel (1892-1971) / Musee d'Histoire de la Ville, Saint-Malo, France [PAR] The history museum tells the story of Saint-Malo and its famous residents. It is located in the keep and tower of Saint-Malo\u2019s castle. Back in 1838, the town of Saint-Malo decided to create a collection of portraits of prominent townspeople, to include Jacques Cartier, Duguay-Trouin, Mah\u00e9 de La Bourdonnais, Maupertuis (famous mathematician), Chateaubriand, Surcouf, and Lamennais (priest and philosopher). The original 19th century museum was destroyed in 1944 during the struggle to liberate the town, and the present collection, numbering over 8,500 items, is themed around the maritime history of Saint-Malo and the surrounding area, including deep-sea cod fishing in the seas of Newfoundland, maritime trade, maritime warfare featuring colorful corsair characters such as Duguay-Trouin and Surcouf, long-haul sea voyages, and ship building. I have already posted images from the museum concerning Chateaubriand and Jaques Cartier in my posts Saint Malo and Jacques Cartier , look there for these subjects. [PAR] French Corsaire. Mus\u00e9e d'Histoire de St Malo, St Malo, France [PAR] The \u201ccorsair\u201d activities started in the Middle Ages, the main goals really being to compensate for economic difficulties in times of war. The ship owners did not accept that the war had to be an obstacle to their trade. Jean"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lisa Marie Presley files for divorce from fourth husband ... Cele|bitchy | Lisa Marie Presley files for divorce from fourth husband, Michael Lockwood [PAR] Lisa Marie Presley files for divorce from fourth husband, Michael Lockwood [PAR] Divorces , Lisa Marie Presley [PAR] Lisa Marie Presley has filed for divorce from her fourth husband, Michael Lockwood, after ten years of marriage. The two have seven year-old twin girls together, Harper and Finley. Lisa has an adult daughter and son, Riley and Benjamin Keogh, from her first marriage to Danny Keough. In between she was married to Michael Jackson and to Nicolas Cage (who is coincidentally just separated from his wife, not that I\u2019m suggesting that has anything to do with this). ET confirms that Lisa has filed: [PAR] These are Lockwood's only children, while Presley also has a daughter and a son -- Riley and Benjamin Keough -- from her first marriage to Danny Keough, which ended in 1994. In addition to Lockwood and Keough, Presley was married to Michael Jackson from 1994 to 1996, and to Nicolas Cage from 2002 to 2004. [PAR] [From ET Online] [PAR] TMZ reports that they have a postnup and that Lisa is seeking full custody and wants to give Michael visitation, but that she wants it monitored for some reason. She is not seeking spousal or child support and lists their date of separation as June 13th. Their source states \u201cShe doesn\u2019t want any of his money.\u201d [PAR] I\u2019m surprised that we\u2019re just hearing this news, because I assumed these two had already separated or filed for divorce. The National Enquirer reported in February of this year that they hadn\u2019t been seen together in nine months at that point. They live in Tennessee with their daughters according to the Enquirer\u2019s reporting and had previously lived in East Sussex England, where Lisa used to own a very large estate. She put her property up for sale last year. Lisa has a ton of money, having sold the rights to her father Elvis\u2019s name and image in 2004, before she married Michael, for $100 million. It will be interesting to see how this divorce pans out. I\u2019ve also heard that Lisa either left Scientology or has major issues with it, and it\u2019s thought that Michael is a Scientologist . I wonder if that factors into their divorce at all, or maybe he\u2019s out of Scientology too. She keeps a lockdown on her personal life so I doubt we\u2019ll get any insider information. [PAR] photos credit: WENN.com[DOC] [TLE] Lisa Marie Presley - News - IMDb Lisa Marie Presley - News [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 27 December 2002 | WENN | See recent WENN news \u00bb [PAR] Lisa Marie Presley has revealed the real reason behind her split from husband Nicolas Cage - money. The 34-year-old daughter of late King of Rock'n' Roll Elvis Presley , split from Cage last month - just three months after they tied the knot in Hawaii. And Lisa Marie says their marriage was destined to fail, because cage was stingy with money. She tells British tabloid the Daily Sport, \"Look at the amounts Ben Affleck has lavished on Jennifer Lopez . When Nic opens his wallet moths fly out.\" \u00bb [PAR] 9 December 2002 | WENN | See recent WENN news \u00bb [PAR] Hollywood hunk Nicolas Cage 's three-month marriage to Lisa Marie Presley reportedly collapsed because the Wild At Heart star insisted on spending nights with the mother of his child. British tabloid The Daily Star reports that the Gone In Sixty Seconds"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Old 1923 Wembley Stadium - England | Football Tripper Old 1923 Wembley Stadium - England | Football Tripper [PAR] Capacity: 82,000 [PAR] Opened: 1923 [PAR] The original Wembley Stadium officially went by the name of Empire Stadium but fans of the iconic sporting venue almost never referred to the ground by this name. [PAR] Stadium Guide [PAR] History [PAR] England\u2019s Wembley Stadium first opened in 1923 under the grandiose yet horribly colonial sounding title of \u201cBritish Empire Exhibition Stadium\u201d. Constructed by Sir Robert McAlpine and costing \u00a3750,000, the stadium was ready to be demolished after the end of the exhibition but it managed to survive and become a fully fledged football stadium at the suggestion of Sir James Stevenson who was the Chairman of the organising committee for the Empire Exhibition. [PAR] Following a period immediately after construction when Wembley\u2019s ownership changed hands, Wembley really came into its own as the original piece of \u201cHallowed Turf\u201d after World War 2 when the popularity of Football exploded. With the F.A Cup final held each season at the iconic venue, The Twin Towers became synonymous with English football and part of history as the F.A Cup was then regarded as one of the most prestigious tournaments back in the 20th Century. [PAR] Outside of Britain, Wembley Stadium gained a famous reputation by hosting the 1966 World Cup with legendary Brazilian footballer Pele calling it \u201cThe cathedral of football. It is the capital of football and it is the heart of football\u201d. For English fans, the only thing better than hosting the World Cup would be winning it, and the three lions managed to do this in their own backyard, by defeating West Germany 4-2 in extra time in an event which we haven\u2019t managed to shut up about ever since. [PAR] 30 years later England hosted Euro 1996 , and the Germans got their revenge when they defeated England in a penalty shoot-out after a 1-1 draw. Once again Wembley Stadium hosted the final as well as all of England\u2019s home matches, and further weaved it\u2019s way into Britain\u2019s footballing history. The final game at Wembley was held on the 7th October once again against rivals Germany, with Dietmar Hamann scoring the winner in a narrow 1 nil defeat. [PAR] New Wembley Stadium opened 7 years later in 2007 with a slightly larger capacity of 90,000 seats. [PAR] Stands [PAR] The Original Wembley Stadium consisted of four stands: North, East, South and West. [PAR] Click the thumbnails above to enlarge an image of each stand. [PAR] By Football Tripper[DOC] [TLE] Stats and Facts | Wembley Stadium Stats and Facts | Wembley Stadium [PAR] Stats and Facts [PAR] General Stadium Facts [PAR] The famous twin towers have made way for an iconic arch over the stadium, which has been totally rebuilt and is now one of the most modern and breathtaking arenas in the world [PAR] The new Wembley reopened its doors in 2007 [PAR] The stadium is now once again home to the England national side, as well as the FA Cup Final and Semi Finals, The Football League Cup Final, The FA Community Shield, The Football League Play Off Finals and The Rugby Football League Challenge Cup Final. The stadium also regularly hosts other major sporting events including a regular season NFL game and epic music concerts [PAR] The original Wembley Stadium was known as the Empire Stadium, and was built as the centrepiece of a British Empire Exhibition at the end of the First World War [PAR] Though not officially opened by King George V until 23 April"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Le Corbusier (Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret-Gris) on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about Le Corbusier (Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret-Gris) on Pinterest | Le corbusier, Chandigarh and Pierre jeanneret [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] Le Corbusier (Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret-Gris) [PAR] Swiss architect, urban planner, painter, writer, designer and theorist, active mostly in France. In the range of his work and in his ability to enrage the establishment and surprise his followers, he was matched in the field of modern architecture perhaps only by Frank Lloyd Wright. He adopted the pseudonym Le Corbusier for his architectural work c. 1920 and for his paintings c. 1930 [PAR] 174 Pins866 Followers[DOC] [TLE] Le Corbusier - National Building Museum Le Corbusier [PAR] Le Corbusier [PAR] Date Recorded: January 11, 2015 [PAR] Duration: 01:10:45 [PAR] Anthony Flint, author of Modern Man: The Life of Le Corbusier, Architect of Tomorrow (New Harvest, 2014), presents a portrait of Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le Corbusier (1887\u20131965). Flint, a fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, suggests that there is much to learn from the Swiss-French architect of the Villa Savoye and the Ronchamp chapel, who was also influential in urban planning and dedicated to developing better living conditions in crowded cities. [PAR] To view the PowerPoint for this presentation, please click here . [PAR] Upgrade Flash Player"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spitfire | British aircraft | Britannica.com Spitfire | British aircraft | Britannica.com [PAR] British aircraft [PAR] R.J. Mitchell [PAR] Spitfire, also called Supermarine Spitfire, the most widely produced and strategically important British single-seat fighter of World War II . The Spitfire, renowned for winning victory laurels in the Battle of Britain (1940\u201341) along with the Hawker Hurricane , served in every theatre of the war and was produced in more variants than any other British aircraft. [PAR] Supermarine Spitfire, Britain\u2019s premier fighter plane from 1938 through World War II. [PAR] Quadrant/Flight [PAR] The Spitfire was designed by Reginald Mitchell of Supermarine Ltd., in response to a 1934 Air Ministry specification calling for a high-performance fighter with an armament of eight wing-mounted 0.303-inch (7.7-mm) machine guns . The airplane was a direct descendant of a series of floatplanes designed by Mitchell to compete for the coveted Schneider Trophy in the 1920s. One of these racers, the S.6, set a world speed record of 357 miles (574 km) per hour in 1929. Designed around a 1,000-horsepower, 12-cylinder, liquid-cooled Rolls-Royce PV-12 engine (later dubbed the Merlin), the Spitfire first flew in March 1935. It had superb performance and flight characteristics, and deliveries to operational Royal Air Force (RAF) squadrons commenced in the summer of 1938. A more radical design than the Hurricane, the Spitfire had a stressed-skin aluminum structure and a graceful elliptical wing with a thin airfoil that, in combination with the Merlin\u2019s efficient two-stage supercharger , gave it exceptional performance at high altitudes. [PAR] The version of the Spitfire that fought in the Battle of Britain was powered by a Merlin engine of 1,030 horsepower . The plane had a wingspan of 36 feet 10 inches (11.2 metres), was 29 feet 11 inches (9.1 metres) long, and reached a maximum speed of 360 miles (580 km) per hour and a ceiling of 34,000 feet (10,400 metres). Faster than its formidable German opponent the Bf 109 at altitudes above 15,000 feet (4,600 metres) and just as maneuverable, Spitfires were sent by preference to engage German fighters while the slower Hurricanes went for the bombers. More Hurricanes than Spitfires served in the Battle of Britain, and they were credited with more \u201ckills,\u201d but it can be argued that the Spitfire\u2019s superior high-altitude performance provided the margin of victory. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] F-16 [PAR] Meanwhile, Supermarine was developing more-capable versions of the Spitfire driven by progressively more-powerful Merlins. The eight 0.303-inch machine guns gave way to four 0.8-inch (20-mm) automatic cannons, and by war\u2019s end the Spitfire had been produced in more than 20 fighter versions alone, powered by Merlins of up to 1,760 horsepower. Though outperformed by the German Fw 190 upon that aircraft\u2019s introduction in 1941, the Spitfire restored parity the following year and eventually regained the advantage. It remained a first-line air-to-air fighter throughout the war. Spitfires were used in the defense of Malta , in North Africa and Italy , and, fitted with tail hooks and strengthened tail sections, as Seafires from Royal Navy aircraft carriers from June 1942. Spitfires helped to provide air superiority over the Sicily , Italy, and Normandy beachheads and served in the Far East from the spring of 1943. Fighter-bomber versions could carry a 250- or 500-pound (115- or 230-kg) bomb beneath the fuselage and a 250-pound bomb under each wing. [PAR] One of the Spitfire\u2019s most important contributions to Allied victory was as a photo-reconnaissance aircraft from early 1941. Superior high-altitude performance rendered it all but immune from interception, and the fuel tanks that replaced wing-mounted machine guns and ammunition bays"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life: Samuel ... When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life: Samuel Johnson [PAR] The Samuel Johnson Sound Bite Page -> London -> When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life. [PAR] [PAR] When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life. [PAR] \"Why, Sir, you find no man, at all intellectual, who is willing to leave London. No, Sir, when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford.\" [PAR] \u2014 Samuel Johnson [PAR] Boswell and Johnson were discussing whether or not Boswell's affection for London would wear thin should he choose to live there, as opposed to the zest he felt on his occasional visits. (Boswell lived in Scotland, and visited only periodically. Some people are surprised to learn that Boswell and Johnson were far from inseparable over the last twenty years of Johnson's life, the period Boswell knew him.) [PAR] This discussion happened on September 20, 1777, and Johnson, someone who hated to spend time alone, was always going out and enjoying what London had to offer. [PAR] For more of what Johnson had to say about London, click here . [PAR] For more of what he had to say about city life, click here .[DOC] [TLE] The Samuel Johnson Sound Bite Page: London Quotes The Samuel Johnson Sound Bite Page: London Quotes [PAR] The Samuel Johnson Sound Bite Page [PAR] 30. London [PAR] \"Sir, if you wish to have a just notion of the magnitude of this city, you must not be satisfied with seeing its great streets and squares, but must survey the innumerable little lanes and courts. It is not in the showy evolutions of buildings, but in the multiplicity of human habitations which are crowded together, that the wonderful immensity of London consists.\" [PAR] Boswell: Life [PAR] 77. London; Scotland [PAR] Johnson: \"The happiness of London is not to be conceived but by those who have been in it. I will venture to say, there is more learning and science within the circumference of ten miles from where we now sit, than in all the rest of the world.\" Boswell: \"The only disadvantage is the great distance at which people live from one another.\" Johnson: \"Yes, Sir, but that is occasioned by the largeness of it, which is the cause of all the other advantages.\" Boswell: \"Sometimes I have been in the humour of wishing to retire to a desart.\" Johnson: \"Sir, you have desart enough in Scotland.\" [PAR] Boswell: Life [PAR] 238. London [PAR] \"Why, Sir, you find no man, at all intellectual, who is willing to leave London. No, Sir, when a man is tired of London , he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford.\" [PAR] Boswell: Life [PAR] 239. London [PAR] \"A country gentleman should bring his lady to visit London as soon as he can, that they may have agreeable topicks for conversation when they are by themselves.\" [PAR] Boswell: Life [PAR] 260. London; Stimulation [PAR] I mentioned to him that I had become very weary in a company where I heard not a single intellectual sentence, except \"that a man who had been settled ten years in Minorca was become a much inferiour man to what he was in London, because a man's mind grows narrow in a narrow place.\" Johnson: \"A man's mind grows narrow in a narrow place, whose mind is enlarged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pastscape - Detailed Result: MARBLE ARCH Pastscape - Detailed Result: MARBLE ARCH [PAR] MORE INFORMATION & SOURCES [PAR] + / - [PAR] Triumphal arch designed in 1828 by John Nash who was inspired by Percier and Fontaine's Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, and modelled on the Arc of Constantine in Rome. Originally the arch was intended to commemorate the victories of Trafalgar and Waterloo but was changed with panels representing the Spirit of England inspiring Youth, Valour, Virtue, Peace and Plenty, with much of this work executed by Flaxman, Westmacott, Rossi and Baily. The arch was originally designed as the grand forecourt gateway to Buckingham Palace but was finished by Edward Blore without much of its intended sculpture, for example the equestrian statue of George IV which now stands in Trafalgar Square. It is constructed of Seravezza marble and comprises three archways flanked by Corinthian columns rising from plinths. The bronze gates were by Samuel Parker. [PAR] The arch was moved to present position, the north east entrance to Hyde Park in 1851 but is now isolated from the park on a [PAR] roundabout. (1-2) [PAR] The arch was designed by John Nash in 1825 and was originally intended as a national memorial to British Military and naval triumphs during the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) and would bear trophies and commemorative sculptures. It was also the formal, ceremonial entrance to Buckingham Palace. [PAR] John Flaxman was commissioned for the commemorative sculpture. The east front and north end would depict a record of the Battle of Waterloo, the west front and south end the Battle of Trafalgar. The top of the arch would have an equestrian statue of the king. However, following Flaxman's death in 1826 several sculptors were commissioned; Sir Richard Westmacott was offered the principal frieze around the attic level of the arch comprising a continous panel of the Battle of Waterloo, and three sections depicting Nelson's life and a low relief of Fame displaying Britain's recent military and naval triumphs. He was also to be responsible for the east side of the arch which depicted the Battle of Waterloo - which included two reliefs, three keystones, six victories and four warrior statues to surmount columns on the Waterloo side. Edward Hodges Bailey was commissioned work on the Trafalgar side of the arch - four statues for the columns, two panels, and for the attic pedestal - a relief of Britannia supporting a medallion of Nelson flanked by a lion and a unicorn. The attic pedestal would also have a Victory at each corner. John Charles Rossi was commissioned to undertake the relief on the other side of the pedestal comprising Europe seated on a horse and Asia on a camel, supporting a medallion bearing the head of the Duke of Wellington. Francis Chantrey designed the equestrian statue for the summit of the arch. [PAR] Construction started in 1827 and was undertaken by Joseph Browne. However, due to rising construction costs work ceased in 1830 and Nash was replaced by Edward Blore. A much simplified plan of the arch which excluded the attic stage, much of its sculpture and equestrian statue was imposed in 1832 and work was completed in 1833. The gates at the centre of the arch, originally designed by Samuel Parker, were made by the firm Bramah and Prestage and erected in 1837. [PAR] Pieces of the unused sculpture including parts of Westmacott's frieze of Waterloo and Nelson panels were used at Buckingham Palace. His victory statues and Rossi's relief of Europe and Asia were used at the National Gallery. In 1843 the equestrian statue"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Best Classical Music of All Time - Classic FM Hall of Fame Hall of Fame - Radio - Classic FM [PAR] Hall of Fame [PAR] Now Playing [PAR] Schedule [PAR] The Classic FM Hall of Fame [PAR] The annual Classic FM Hall of Fame is the largest poll of the world's favourite classical music. Every January we ask you to get in touch to tell us which are your three top pieces of music. Then, come Easter, we count down from Number 300 and reveal the new Classic FM Hall of Fame. [PAR] Mozart, Rachmaninov and Vaughan Williams have been among the composers who've topped the poll in recent years. But Bruch also took the Number 1 spot for several years. And, although Beethoven always has a strong presence in the top 300, he's never taken that coveted top spot. [PAR] Since 2013, soundtracks for video games like Final Fantasy, Banjo Kazooie and The Elder Scrolls have been climbing up the chart. In 2014 Final Fantasy reached Number 3, the highest ever position for a video game soundtrack."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Canary Wharf - London Wiki - Wikia Canary Wharf | London Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] HSBC World Headquarters and One Canada Square, from the western end of West India Quay [PAR] Canary Wharf in the evening [PAR] Canary Wharf is built on the site of the old West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs. From 1802 to 1980, the area was one of the busiest docks in the world, with at one point 50,000 employed. [PAR] During World War II, the docks area was bombed heavily and nearly all the original warehouses were destroyed or badly damaged. After a brief recovery in the 1950s, the port industry began to decline. Containerisation, a limit of 6,000 long tons (6,096 MT) imposed by the dock gates, and a lack of flexibility made the upstream docks less viable than the Port of London dock at Tilbury, and by 1980 these docks were closed. Many traditional local industries closed, with thousands out of work and the 295 acres (1.2 km2) West India Docks lay derelict, and largely unused. [PAR] The project to revitalise the 8 square miles (21 km2) of derelict London docklands began in 1981 with the establishment of the London Docklands Development Corporation by the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. Initially regeneration of the area was focused on small-scale, light industrial schemes. This inward investment was encouraged by low rents, and a remission from business rates. [PAR] Canary Wharf itself takes its name from No. 10 Warehouse (30 Shed) of the South Quay Import Dock. This was built in 1952 for Fruit Lines Ltd, a subsidiary of Fred Olsen Lines for the Mediterranean and Canary Island fruit trade. At their request, the quay and warehouse were given the name Canary Wharf. The company moved to Millwall Docks, in 1970. Between 1981\u201389 this warehouse was converted to television studios, known as Limehouse Studios. At one time this was the largest single project within the LDDC. These were sold to Olympia and York in 1988 for \u00a325m to expand their own development at One Canada Square to the west of the Docklands Light Railway. [PAR] The origins of the idea for Canary Wharf [PAR] Edit [PAR] Canary Wharf, from a high-level walkway on Tower Bridge [PAR] In 1984 the restaurateurs the Roux Brothers were looking for several thousand square feet of space to prepare pre-cooked meals. The late Michael von Clemm, chairman of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) and also chairman of Roux Restaurants, was invited for lunch by the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) on the boat Res Nova moored alongside Shed 31 at Canary Wharf, to promote the idea of this food packaging factory being based on the Isle of Dogs. Von Clemm came from Boston and when he looked through the porthole at Shed 31, a simple brick-concrete infill, he commented that it reminded him of the warehouses in Boston harbour which had been converted into back offices and small business premises. Reg Ward, at the time LDDC Chief Executive, remembers him suddenly leaning back and saying: \"I do not know why we do not go for a shed like 31 as a 200,000 sq ft (20,000 m2) back office.\" [PAR] This led on to discussions at CSFB's offices, during which their American property adviser G Ware Travelstead, said: \"We're asking ourselves the wrong question. Of course we can take Shed 31 and convert it into a back office, but we have spent the last five years courting at the Court of the City of London for a new site for a new configuration of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - British History in depth: 1066 BBC - History - British History in depth: 1066 [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Claims to the throne [PAR] It all began with the death of Edward the Confessor, in January 1066. The Bayeux tapestry depicts Edward on his deathbed, offering the English crown to Harold, and this event is reflected in most of the chronicles of the time. [PAR] Edward's corpse was eventually borne in state to his own new cathedral church at Westminster, and the tapestry shows Harold there, being offered the crown by the magnates of England, among whom must have been Edwin and Morcar. [PAR] Harold was crowned at Westminster Abbey by Archbishop Stigand of Canterbury and Archbishop Ealdred of York. It is significant that only the former is depicted (and actually named) on the Bayeux tapestry, as his appointment had never been recognised by the Pope, allowing the Norman propaganda machine to portray Harold's coronation as illegal. [PAR] On the tapestry, the members of the congregation shown as witnessing the event are facing Harold, but their eyes are turned towards Halley's Comet, which is depicted in the sky as a portent of the doom to come. Harold is seen receiving news of the Comet with fear in his eyes. [PAR] William decided on invasion... [PAR] These bad omens for Harold were important to William of Normandy, who was set on claiming the English crown for himself - omens as important as the 'promise' of 1051 and the 'oath' of 1064. This was because, despite his pre-eminent position, he required the active co-operation of his nobles for the great venture he was planning - the venture to invade England and become the English king. [PAR] William could not just demand support from his nobles, he had to convince them of his case. He needed to show his followers that his claim was a lawful one, and that he had God on his side. So when he decided on invasion, he took elaborate measures to ensure he had strong support, and even sent an envoy to the Pope asking for his blessing. [PAR] William did not move immediately. He only began plans for an invasion after Tostig arrived in neighbouring Flanders, looking for support against Harold in a projected invasion of Northumbria. This was the lever that William needed: with Harold occupied in the north, William could invade in the south. Whether or not he thought God was on his side, William's preparations were very down to earth. [PAR] Top [PAR] Harold becomes king [PAR] Westminster Abbey, the site of Harold's coronation \u00a9 On top of anything else, William must have been painfully aware that his claim to England's throne was actually the least legitimate of all the putative contenders. It rested entirely on a spurious promise, made over 15 years previously, and on the fact that William's great-grandfather was Edward's maternal grandfather. [PAR] Harold had an equally weak blood claim, through the brother-in-law of King Cnut, although it was he who was Edward's last nominated heir. There were others with much stronger blood claims, among them Swegn Estrithson, King of Denmark, who was the nephew of King Cnut; and Edgar the Aetheling, grandson of Edmund Ironside, from whom Cnut had wrested the kingdom in 1016. [PAR] Aetheling actually means 'throneworthy' and was the title given to the most legitimate heir; but a legitimate blood claim was only part of the issue. The crown would go to the claimant who could muster most support amongst the 'great and the good' of England. In January 1066, Edgar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London's New Gandhi Statue Represents Everything Gandhi ... London's New Gandhi Statue Represents Everything Gandhi Opposed - VICE [PAR] London's New Gandhi Statue Represents Everything Gandhi Opposed [PAR] Mahatma Gandhi, a man who dedicated his life to freeing India from the yoke of Westminster, is being put on a pedestal overlooking British Parliament. [PAR] The statue of Gandhi in London's Tavistock Square, not the one being unveiled in Westminster tomorrow. Photo by Fredda Brilliant via . [PAR] This article originally appeared on VICE UK. [PAR] Tomorrow morning, a nine-foot bronze statue of Mahatma Gandhi\u2014the iconic nonviolent freedom fighter who led India's liberation from British rule\u2014will be unveiled in Parliament Square. [PAR] It's a pretty big deal, with India's finance minister, Arun Jaitley, joining culture secretary Sajid Javid, UK Indian-diaspora champion Priti Patel, Lord Desai of the Gandhi Memorial Trust, and Bollywood superstar Amitabh \"The Big B\" Bachchan getting together to make the most of the photo opportunity. However, it seems slightly perverse that Gandhi\u2014a man who dedicated his life to freeing India from the yoke of Westminster\u2014is being put on a pedestal overlooking Parliament. [PAR] So why is Gandhi joining statesmen including Churchill, Disraeli, Abraham Lincoln and Nelson Mandela? And why now? [PAR] According to Jeremy Clarkson's mate David Cameron, the statue \"will enrich the firm bond of friendship between the world's oldest democracy and its largest.\" However, it's more revealing that the statue was announced during Chancellor George Osborne and Foreign Secretary William Hague's high-profile trade visit to India in July of last year to brownnose India's new government and Prime Minister Modi, and to hustle for British businesses in India and Indian investment in Britain. [PAR] Osborne and Hague's editorial in the Times of India on July 7 last year makes no bones about it: \"We want British firms who built the infrastructure for the London Olympics to help build the 100 new cities Prime Minister Modi is planning, our world-leading transport companies to help develop your new roads, railways, and ports, and our defense and aerospace companies to help bring India more cutting-edge technology, skills, and jobs.\" [PAR] Gandhi's great-grandson Tushar Gandhi, a social activist, peace campaigner, and author who runs the Gandhi Foundation in India, points out George Osborne announced the statue of the most celebrated advocate of nonviolent resistance in history the day after a $370 million arms deal between India and Britain had been secured. \"The chancellor made the announcement about Bapu-ji's [Bapu means father and Gandhi, as the father of independent India is often called Bapu-ji] statue when he came to sell weapons to India, which I find amusing and hypocritical,\" he says. [PAR] Tushar feels it's \"false worship\" to use his grandfather's image to symbolize a brave new world of corporate trade between Britain and India, particularly when Gandhi rejected British goods in favor of Indian goods and actively cultivated and championed traditional industries in rural India. [PAR] \"This statue represents the development of the haves, it does not care for have-nots\u2014trade represents one of the biggest differences we have in India between the haves and have-nots,\" explains Tushar. [PAR] Indeed, the Gandhi Statue charity reveals the majority of the $1.5 million funding for the statue came from corporate donors, including Infosys founder N. R. Narayana Murthy ($300,000), Indian industrialist R. Bajaj ($300,000), multibillionaire steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal ($150,000)\u2014whose Arcelor Mittal Orbit tower looms large in Stratford's Olympic Park\u2014and UK businessmen Vivek Chadha ($150,000) and Rami Ranger ($150,000). [PAR] Considering that, after the unveiling, India's finance minister, Arun Jaitley, will meet with George Osborne to discuss closer UK-India ties and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fleet \u2013 London\u2019s Underground River ~ Kuriositas The Fleet \u2013 London\u2019s Underground River ~ Kuriositas [PAR] The Fleet \u2013 London\u2019s Underground River [PAR] 13 October 2014 [PAR] If you listen carefully just above this unassuming grate you can hear the ripple and splash of flowing water. This is the sound of the River Fleet, London\u2019s largest subterranean river. Forced underground by the city\u2019s burgeoning populace the river still flows from its source to its mouth where it joins London\u2019s main waterway, the Thames. Yet what lies beneath? [PAR] Image Credit Flickr User sub-urban.com [PAR] Below the ground there is a remarkable network of tunnels and chambers, put in to place by Victorian engineers, the final step in a process which took centuries. For over a thousand years there had been a shipping dock at the mouth of the river \u2013 its name comes from the Anglo-Saxon fleot which means a tidal inlet. Yet it was not destined to persevere as a river in its own right. [PAR] Image Credit Flickr User sub-urban.com [PAR] The Fleet remains tidal and these incredible pictures, taken by Flickr photographer sub-urban, show the river at its lowest level. Visitors must remain vigilant of the time as it fills to the roof in thirty minutes. Even as the time draws towards low tide the water is way above the height of a man. A short time at the upper levels and it empties out although it would be easy for the unwary traveller to be trapped and drowned on its return. [PAR] Image Credit Flickr User sub-urban.com [PAR] Everything is in place, thanks to the ingenuity of the Victorian engineers, to ensure that the Fleet is confined to these tunnels. Yet it was not always like that. If we travel back a few centuries we find a different story altogether \u2013 one which is not without its own pathos if such an emotion can be felt for a river. [PAR] Image Credit Flickr User xynt4x [PAR] Then, the waters of the Fleet were renowned for being clear and sparkling. As the medieval city began to grow, mills, tanneries and meat markets sprang up along its banks. Water was vital to keep these industries functioning and growing and gradually the river was polluted with blood, sewage and other waste \u2013 it effectively became a waste tip, a handy repository to discard anything unwanted including the carcasses of dead livestock. [PAR] Image Credit Wikimedia [PAR] As a result, over the years the river became shallower and the water much slower than in previous generations, only exacerbating the burgeoning problem of the health hazard it now presented. It would silt up in the summer and although the spas and wells upstream remained open and functioning the Fleet in the city of London became an open sewer with a mix of slums and prisons on its banks. Something had to be done. [PAR] Image Credit Wikimedia [PAR] The Great Fire of London in 1666 provided that opportunity. The architect Sir Christopher Wren was afforded the chance of transforming the lower Fleet. [PAR] By 1680 this part of the river had been turned in to the New Canal. It was hailed as the Venice of England but its days were numbered from the very beginning. [PAR] It was poorly used as a canal and, despite its new clothes, it still stank to high heaven. The satirical cartoon, right, shows the new canal and the undesirables it attracted. Within a generation it was no longer fit for purpose as a canal. [PAR] The river was channelled underground in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How did Soho in London get its name? | Notes and Queries ... How did Soho in London get its name? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] SEMANTIC ENIGMAS [PAR] How did Soho in London get its name? [PAR] THE ORIGIN is not well defined, but it is believed to have derived from a hunting cry. Before the Great Fire of London in 1666, Soho was almost entirely made up of fields (hence the name Soho Fields) with a few farm buildings. In 1650, there were only about sixty cottages in Soho, these were in the vicinity of Wardour Street, then named Coleman Hedge Lane. Hunting is rumoured to have been enjoyed in the area, hence the cry and the name. [PAR] (Dr.) Peter J. Gibbs, University College London (p.gibbs@ucl.ac.uk)[DOC] [TLE] Soho Group - Work For Us Soho Group [PAR] Soho Group [PAR] Welcome to Soho Group [PAR] Penang [PAR] For over 18 years the Soho Group has been the style-setter in Penang\u2019s vibrant restaurant, bar and club scene, driven by a passion for great food, drink and outstanding atmosphere. [PAR] Our six diverse venues are more than just bricks and mortar, they\u2019re a labour of love, a testament to our mission to create a truly memorable F&B experience for all our guests. Come pay us a visit. [PAR] [PAR] Chin\u2019s Stylish Chinese Cuisine [PAR] First opened in London in 1987, this classy establishment took England\u2019s restaurant scene by storm, winning two highly coveted and prestigious awards in quick succession. Now its the highly regarded, trendsetting-culinary chic in the Pearl of the Orient. [PAR] [PAR] Muchacha [PAR] A unique vibrant venue on the sea that you can watch the sun go down and party into the early hours with great food, wine and much more! [PAR] [PAR] Gastro Pub [PAR] Equipped with state-of-the-art multifunctional audio system and luxurious European furnishings, our resident DJs dishes out some of the hottest chart busters that will keep you moving on the dance floor. [PAR] [PAR] Country House [PAR] In the \u2018kingdom\u2019 of Autocity (Butterworth, Malaysia), the majestic Soho Country House holds court, providing hearty meals and ales for stressed-out urban knights and damsels! [PAR] [PAR] Freehouse/Penthouse [PAR] A home away from home for its army of faithful regulars, the Free House/Penthouse is the island\u2019s best known and best loved pub to escape the daily grind, catch up with friends and enjoy a quick bite. [PAR] [PAR] Work for us [PAR] We strive to create a friendly and respectful workplace where people are treated equally and motivated to succeed. To apply, email us at sohofh@gmail.com or call +6042633331 and specify your preferred outlet. Applicants will be required to provide a resume upon request. [PAR] Why us [PAR] As the SOHO group we strongly believe our business offers one of the most established training and career grounds in Malaysia. Being in the Malaysian trade of Food & Beverage for over 18 years we are confident to take both the starters and evolved members of this dynamic industry. [PAR] [PAR] Career path [PAR] We mentor our employees through education and on-the-job experiences, participation and involvement at all levels of our business. Your skills will be developed by encouraging creativity, responsibility and teamwork. We will also strive to reward people accordingly. [PAR] [PAR] Your Benefits [PAR] Some of the best things of working for the SOHO group are an open work-environment, free in-house training by both SOHO group and its successful partners. [PAR] [PAR] Applicants who are interested in Chin\u2019s Stylish Chinese Cuisine restaurant, both spoken and written understanding of Chinese Mandarin and English"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Sargasso Sea? - National Ocean Service What is the Sargasso Sea? [PAR] Home Ocean Facts What is the Sargasso Sea? [PAR] What is the Sargasso Sea? [PAR] The Sargasso Sea, located entirely within the Atlantic Ocean, is the only sea without a land boundary. [PAR] Mats of free-floating sargassum, a common seaweed found in the Sargasso Sea, provide shelter and habitat to many animals. Image credit: University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory. [PAR] The Sargasso Sea is a vast patch of ocean named for a genus of free-floating seaweed called Sargassum . While there are many different types of algae found floating in the ocean all around world, the Sargasso Sea is unique in that it harbors species of sargassum that are 'holopelagi' - this means that the algae not only freely floats around the ocean, but it reproduces vegetatively on the high seas. Other seaweeds reproduce and begin life on the floor of the ocean. [PAR] Sargassum provides a home to an amazing variety of marine species. Turtles use sargassum mats as nurseries where hatchlings have food and shelter. Sargassum also provides essential habitat for shrimp, crab, fish, and other marine species that have adapted specifically to this floating algae. The Sargasso Sea is a spawning site for threatened and endangered eels, as well as white marlin, porbeagle shark, and dolphinfish. Humpback whales annually migrate through the Sargasso Sea. Commercial fish, such as tuna, and birds also migrate through the Sargasso Sea and depend on it for food. [PAR] While all other seas in the world are defined at least in part by land boundaries, the Sargasso Sea is defined only by ocean currents. It lies within the Northern Atlantic Subtropical Gyre . The Gulf Stream establishes the Sargasso Sea's western boundary, while the Sea is further defined to the north by the North Atlantic Current, to the east by the Canary Current, and to the south by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current. Since this area is defined by boundary currents, its borders are dynamic, correlating roughly with the Azores High Pressure Center for any particular season. [PAR] Search Our Facts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Norman Dynasties - XenophonGroup The Norman Dynasties [PAR] The Norman Dynasties [PAR] Formation of the Duchy of Normandy [Normandie] in France (c.911). [PAR] In the eight and early ninth centuries, over population in the Scandinavian regions of what are today modern Norway and Denmark caused the inhabitants to seek other lands. These 'Northmen' or 'Vikings' launched different kinds of expeditions. The first of these were war-like reconnaissance raids along the sea routes of the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Whenever successful over the local defenders, these Northmen attempted to establish more permanent communities at some of the more desirable regions. The Northmen's most remarkable and enduring efforts were in northwestern France, which became the French province of 'Normandie'. [PAR] In the early ninth century, the Northmen's attempted settlements at Bordeaux and in the Charente regions failed. They concentrated their raids in the Seine valley, sacking Paris in 845 and 861, but being dramatically repulsed in 885. Failing to advance further into northern France, the Northmen consolidated their settlement around the ancient town of Bayeux, which had been a Roman town and an important episcopal city, that developed from an earlier Gaulish capital of the Bajocasses. Prior to the arrival of the Northmen, the region had been raided by Bretons and Saxons. [PAR] One of the last Carolingian kings of the Franks, Charles III 'the Simple' (893-922) designed to create a 'marche' in northwest border of his kingdom to defend against further waves of raids by the Northmen and Saxons. In 911, those Northmen already occupying much of the extreme northwest of France suffered a severe defeat by Richard 'le Justicier' duc de Bourgogne [Burgundy] near Chartes. Taking advantage of this set back, Charles III negotiated the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte with the leader of the Northmen settlement, Rollo [Rollon; or Rolf 'the Walker' or 'the Ganger']. Rollo accepted Christanity and paid homage to Charles for the duchy of Normandy. Duke Rollo (911-927) married Popa, the daughter of Count B\ufffdranger, governor of Bayeux. Rollo made the center of his duchy at Rouen. In 905, Rollo and Popa had a son, who became the next duke (927-942) as William 'Longsword'. William's son, Richard I 'the Fearless' followed as duke (942-996); and his son, Richard II 'the Good', was duke from 996 to 1027). By the end of the reign of duke Richard II, the population had stopped speaking Norse and spoke French 'in the vernacular' of the inhabitants of northwestern France. [PAR] Richard III, son of Richard II, was duke (1027-1028). Robert 'the Devil', another son of Richard II, was duke from 1028 to 1035. Duke Robert had a natural son, William, by a girl called Arlette. William, despite the status of his birth, was chosen by his relatives to succeed his father [who died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land] as duke. William quickly demonstrated military prowess and established his clear claim as duke of Normandy [duc de Normandie] (1035-1087). In his claim, duke William was assisted by the French king, Henri I. William went on to win control of the counties of Maine and Brittany, during which he had to contend against the count of Anjou. William married Matilda, daughter of the count of Flanders. [PAR] French Norman Conquest of the English Kingdom (1066). [PAR] William would go on to be most famous as William 'the Conqueror' [Guillaume 'le Conqu\ufffdrant'] and founder of the Norman dynasty of English kings. There had developed close associations between the Normans in France and the rulers of Anglo-Saxon England. William was a cousin to Edward 'the Confessor', king of England who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hans Riegel - Forbes Hans Riegel [PAR] Hans Riegel [PAR] Bachelor of Arts / Science, University of Bonn [PAR] Hans Riegel on Forbes Lists [PAR] #490 Billionaires (2013) [PAR] #546 in 2012 [PAR] Candy maker Hans Riegel is the Gummi Bear billionaire -- and business has been growing, despite economic malaise in Europe. Riegel's estimated fortune has climbed an impressive $600 million in the past year as a result of increased sales. He is credited with inventing more than 200 sweets, including Gummi Bears, Vademecum sugar-free gum and Maoam fruit chewies, and has said he gets his inspiration from reading comic books and watching movies for children. The candies are produced by Riegel's ultra tight-lipped, family-owned Haribo candy company, which does not even disclose its revenues -- estimated at $2.9 billion (2.2 billion Euros) in 2011. He and his brother Paul rebuilt the company after World War II and ran it together until Paul's death in 2009, avoiding use of any debt. Hans, who is single and has no children, owns 50% of the company, still runs it and is in charge of marketing. The remaining 50% is owned by Paul's heirs. Paul's son Hans Guido Riegel heads production and technical questions. Two other sons of Paul, Hans Juergen Riegel and Hans Arndt Riegel, also sit on the supervisory board. More \u00bb [PAR] More On Forbes [PAR] Billionaires In Memoriam, 2014 [PAR] Rosalia Mera began producing a line of clothing at home; she eventually built international retailer Zara. Ray Dolby pioneered noise cancelling audio filtration technology that would become so ubiquitous it would eventually be referred to simply as \u201cDolby sound.\u201d In 1920, Hans Riegel built a candy company that would develop over 200 products, read \u00bb [PAR] China Electronics Maker's IPO Creates Billionaire Fortunes [PAR] The wealth of Chinese couple Liu Shaobo and Huang Xiaofen rose to more than $1 billion earlier this week following an increase in the share price of Shanghai-listed Shenzhen Kinwong Electric. Liu is chairman of Kinwong, a maker of printed circuit boards; Huang, his wife, is a director with a 37% stake. The read \u00bb [PAR] China Real Estate Billionaire's Video Takes Shot At Trump [PAR] A new video by one of China\u2019s most successful real estate billionaires has taken a shot at incoming U.S. president Donald Trump, though it doesn\u2019t name Trump explicitly. (Click here for the Chinese-language video.) [PAR] The annual year-end video by Soho China\u2019s chairman Pan Shiyi is cheerful for the first few read \u00bb [PAR] Billionaire Carlos Slim Best Suited To Face Donald Trump, New Poll Shows [PAR] A new poll from Mexican newspaper El Universal found that a vast majority of Mexicans believe discrimination and deportations of immigrants will increase under Donald Trump, but only a minority say the new president can force Mexico to pay for the proposed border wall. read \u00bb"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fawkes - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Fawkes | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014Fawkes saving Harry from Salazar Slytherin's basilisk [src] [PAR] Fawkes attacks the Basilisk down in the chamber [PAR] In 1993 , Fawkes saved Harry Potter 's life from Salazar Slytherin's basilisk , blinding the serpent and dropping the Sorting Hat into Harry's lap, which in turn revealed Godric Gryffindor's Sword . Harry then used the sword to slay Slytherin's basilisk. Fawkes shed healing tears upon Harry's wounds, inflicted by the Basilisk before its death, and cured him of its venom. Fawkes then dropped Tom Riddle's Diary into Harry's lap, giving Harry the chance to destroy it with one of the basilisk's fangs . [PAR] Fawkes the phoenix carrying Harry , Ron , Ginny , and Lockhart out of the Chamber of Secrets [PAR] A phoenix can lift a great weight with its tail in flight; when Harry grasped Fawkes' tail in the Chamber of Secrets , he felt as if he were becoming weightless \u2014 which is saying something, as Ron , Ginny , and Gilderoy Lockhart were in turn hanging on to him. Later, in his office, Dumbledore revealed where Fawkes had come from \u2014 when the memory of Tom Riddle declared that he would go on to become the greatest sorcerer in the world, Harry responded that \"Albus Dumbledore is the greatest wizard in the world!\", and went on to ridicule Voldemort's supposed fear of Dumbledore during the First Wizarding War . This act of supreme loyalty was apparently enough to summon Fawkes to the Chamber. [PAR] Post-Tournament Comfort [PAR] After Harry witnessed Voldemort's resurrection and Cedric Diggory 's death, Fawkes was present when Harry told Dumbledore and Sirius Black what had taken place. During this conversation, Dumbledore revealed that Fawkes was the phoenix who had donated his tail feathers to Harry and Voldemort's wands, while Fawkes used his tears to heal the wound in Harry's leg that was caused by an acromantula in the third task of the tournament . [PAR] Order of the Phoenix [PAR] In late 1995 , Fawkes served as a means of communication between members of the Order and Dumbledore, after learning Arthur Weasley had been attacked by Voldemort's snake, Nagini , while Arthur was guarding The Prophecy . [PAR] In mid- 1996 , Fawkes departed from Hogwarts with Dumbledore when Cornelius Fudge , along with Dolores Umbridge , and John Dawlish tried to arrest the latter for supposedly planning to overthrow the Ministry , through Dumbledore's Army . [PAR] Battle of the Department of Mysteries [PAR] During Dumbledore's duel against Lord Voldemort in the ministry atrium in 1995 , Fawkes swallowed a Killing Curse intended for Dumbledore, thus giving Dumbledore time to defend himself against Voldemort's second oncoming attack. He burst into flame upon swallowing the curse and was later reborn from the ashes. He later returned to Dumbledore's office after Harry Potter was sent there, following his departure from the Ministry of Magic . [PAR] Departure [PAR] Fawkes flies away from Hogwarts [PAR] \"Somewhere out in the darkness, a phoenix was singing in a way Harry had never heard before; a stricken lament of terrible beauty... They all fell silent. Fawkes's lament was still echoing over the dark grounds outside.\" [PAR] \u2014The Phoenix Lament [src] [PAR] After Dumbledore died during the Battle of the Astronomy Tower in 1997 , Fawkes sang his Lament to the assembled mourners, affecting all with its beauty. Fawkes subsequently left Hogwarts. [PAR] Physical appearance [PAR] Fawkes has crimson feathers on his body and a golden tail"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Music and Lyrics - Blood Brothers Musical Music and Lyrics [PAR] Music and Lyrics [PAR] Blood Brothers CD Soundtrack [PAR] Blood Brothers the musical has been and continues to be extremely successful, as it has played continuously to London audiences since 1988 and has become the longest-running show ever at the Phoenix Theatre , its current home. The show has seen a host of celebrities take to the stage in leading roles, and the soundtrack which was released in 1995 by the current cast at the time, has become popular amongst fans of the musical. The music was in fact composed by playwright Willy Russell, who also wrote the story of Blood Brothers, as well as other plays including Educating Rita and Shirley Valentine. The cast recording included Stephanie Lawrence as Mrs. Johnstone and Paul Crosby and Mark Hutchinson as brothers Mickey and Eddie. [PAR] Songs in the musical include \u2018Marilyn Monroe\u2019 which is sung by Mrs. Johnstone and sees two reprisals later on in the show. Others include \u2018Kids\u2019 Game\u2019, \u2018Bright New Day\u2019, \u2018Shoes Upon the Table\u2019, \u2018Long Sunday Afternoon/My Friend\u2019 and the emotional closing song, \u2018Tell Me It\u2019s Not True\u2019, again sung by Mrs. Johnstone. Full track listing of the songs in the musical is as follows: [PAR] 1. Overture[DOC] [TLE] Tell Me It's Not True - blood brothers - lyrics- 1995 ... Tell Me It's Not True - blood brothers - lyrics- 1995 London cast - YouTube [PAR] Tell Me It's Not True - blood brothers - lyrics- 1995 London cast [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 16, 2011 [PAR] PLEASE READ DISCLAIMER: i DO NOT OWN ANY OF THE MUSIC ORE RIGHTS ON THIS SONG. ALL COPYRIGHTS BELONG TO: WMG and Sony Music Entertainment. [PAR] visit the site: http://www.kenwright.com/ [PAR] tell me it's not true [PAR] say it's just a story [PAR] something on the news [PAR] tell me it's not true [PAR] though it's here before me [PAR] say it's just a dream [PAR] say it's just a scene [PAR] from an old movie of years ago [PAR] from an old movie of Marilyn Monroe [PAR] Mrs Johnstone, Mrs Lyons, Narrator and Linda: [PAR] say it's just some clowns [PAR] two players in the limelight [PAR] and bring the curtain down [PAR] say it's just two clowns [PAR] who couldn't get their lines right [PAR] say it's just a show [PAR] on the radio [PAR] that we can turn over and start again [PAR] that we can turn over; it's only a game [PAR] Whole Company: [PAR] tell me it's not true [PAR] say I only dreamed it [PAR] and morning will come soon [PAR] tell me it's not true [PAR] say you didn't mean it [PAR] say it's just pretend [PAR] say it's just the end [PAR] of an old movie from years ago [PAR] from an old movie with Marilyn Monroe [PAR] tell me it's not true [PAR] say you didn't mean it [PAR] say it's just pretend [PAR] say it's just the end [PAR] of an old movie from years ago [PAR] from an old movie with Marilyn Monroo-ooo-ooo-ooo-ooo-ooo-ooo-oooe [PAR] thanks for watching"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How To make pizza pockets ( Calzones ) an intro to folded ... How To make pizza pockets ( Calzones ) an intro to folded Italian pizza, stuffed pizza - YouTube [PAR] How To make pizza pockets ( Calzones ) an intro to folded Italian pizza, stuffed pizza [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jan 20, 2012 [PAR] An intro to folded pizza. Some call them hot pockets, some call them pizza pockets, some call them Calzones. No matter what you call them, they are delicious ! Let's see a little intro into Italian folded pizza. [PAR] Calzone is nothing more than a regular pizza that is folded over, and then baked. Some pizza places will deep fry them instead of baking them. These are awesome, but really add on those calories, but oh so so good [PAR] All videos are filmed in HD / High Definition [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] 7 Different Types of Pizza From Around the World | Mental ... 7 Different Types of Pizza From Around the World | Mental Floss [PAR] 7 Different Types of Pizza From Around the World [PAR] Image credit: [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] We may debate which country invented pizza, but there's no denying that it's one of the most popular foods found throughout the world. The word pizza, which comes from the word pita, means 'pie.' So be careful: calling it a pizza pie is sort of like saying \"I'll have the soup de jour of the day.\" The below list is by no means exhaustive. It's just meant to drop a little knowledge on you about some of the more popular permutations found in different regions of the world. [PAR] 1. Lahma Bi Ajeen [PAR] This scrumptious version of pizza, which literally translates into \"meat with dough,\" is brought to you by the Lebanese (other parts of the Middle East call it by other names) and is made with minced onions, usually ground lamb, cumin and yogurt. If you have never tried it, you really must! Soo delicious. [PAR] 2. Margherita [PAR] The pizza Margherita is just over a century old and is named after HM Queen Margherita of Italy, wife of King Umberto I and first Queen of Italy. It's made using toppings of tomato, mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil, which represent the red, white, and green of the Italian flag. [PAR] 3. Calzone [PAR] Calzone means 'stocking' in Italian and is a turnover that originates from Italy. Shaped like a semicircle, the calzone is made of dough folded over and filled with the usual pizza ingredients. [PAR] 4. Stromboli [PAR] Many people think that strombolis and calzones are identical. However, this is not really the case. According to WIKI, \"there are several theories regarding the origin of the stromboli. Romano's Italian Restaurant & Pizzeria claims to have originated it in 1950 in Essington, Tinicum Township, just outside of Philadelphia, by Nazzareno Romano. Others claim a stromboli sandwich with chili sauce was invented by Mike Aquino, Sr., in Spokane, Washington, named after the movie Stromboli starring Ingrid Bergman, in 1954.\" [PAR] 5. Marinara [PAR] This is your basic flat bread with oil, tomato, garlic, and oregano. In Italy, back in the old days, it was stored on voyages so that sailors (marinai) could make pizza away"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben Jonson - Westminster Abbey Ben Jonson - Westminster Abbey [PAR] History [PAR] Ben Jonson [PAR] Ben Jonson, dramatist and poet, is the only person buried in an upright position in Westminster Abbey. [PAR] He was born on 11 June 1572 but little is known about his parents. The family was of Scottish descent and his father became a clergymen. He was educated at Westminster School at the expense of one of the masters there, William Camden, and later possibly attended St John's College, Cambridge. He went into trade as a bricklayer for a short time (his stepfather's occupation). In Flanders he fought with the English troops there and on returning to London he married, but no children survived him. He became an actor and playwright. In 1598 he killed a fellow actor in a duel but escaped hanging and was imprisoned as a felon for a short time. This incident does not seem to have affected his reputation. His play Every Man in his Humour included Shakespeare in its cast. Jonson was a well-known writer of masques and a tutor to Sir Walter Raleigh's son. He became Poet Laureate in 1619 (although it was not a formal appointment). [PAR] Burial [PAR] Jonson always seemed to be poor, in spite of gifts from royalty, and he died in great poverty in August 1637 in a house near the Abbey. One story says that he begged \"eighteen inches of square ground in Westminster Abbey\" from King Charles I. Another story says that one day, being railed by the Dean of Westminster about being buried in Poets' Corner, the poet is said to have replied \"I am too poor for that and no one will lay out funeral charges upon me. No, sir, six feet long by two feet wide is too much for me: two feet by two feet will do for all I want\". \"You shall have it\" said the Dean. So Jonson was buried standing on his feet in the northern aisle of the Nave and not in Poets' Corner. At this period the design on the Nave floor included several lines of stones measuring eighteen inches square (the rest being in a lozenge pattern), to which Jonson was obviously referring in his conversation with the Dean. [PAR] The simple inscription \"O Rare Ben Johnson\", was said to have been cut at the expense of Jack Young who was walking by when the grave was covered and gave the mason eighteen pence to inscribe it. The inscription has also been ascribed to Sir William D'Avenant, Jonson's successor as Poet Laureate, on whose own gravestone in the Abbey the words \"O Rare...\" also appear. Jonson's original stone was moved in the l9th century to the base of the wall opposite the grave to preserve it when the whole nave floor was re-laid and many larger gravestones taken away. His grave site is today marked with a small grey lozenge stone, just to the east of the brass to John Hunter. The inscription is the same as on the original stone although Ben himself always used the form Jonson. In 1849, the place was disturbed by a burial nearby and the clerk of works saw the two leg bones of Jonson fixed upright in the sand and the skull came rolling down from a position above the leg bones into the newly made grave. There was still some red hair attached to it. It was seen again when Hunter's grave was dug. [PAR] Monument [PAR] A monument to Jonson was erected in about 1723 by the Earl of Oxford"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ExecutedToday.com \u00bb 1199: Pierre Basile, marksman ExecutedToday.com \u00bb 1199: Pierre Basile, marksman [PAR] 1199: Pierre Basile, marksman [PAR] April 6th, 2010 Jonathan Shipley [PAR] (Thanks to Jonathan Shipley of A Writer\u2019s Desk for the guest post. -ed.) [PAR] If you kill a king, expect swift retribution . [PAR] Expect avengers . [PAR] Expect to not live long after you deal the final fatal blow to a royal personage. [PAR] A boy, Pierre Basile , was executed on this date in 1199 for shooting King Richard the Lionhearted* with an arrow expelled from his crossbow. [PAR] The wound wasn\u2019t fatal to Richard I; the gangrene was . (French page) Although the king pardoned the boy for the shot before dying, Richard\u2019s right hand man, French Provencal warrior Mercadier , would hear none of it. After the king\u2019s death, Mercadier stormed Chateau de Chalus-Chabrol , defended weakly by Basile, then flayed him alive before hanging him. [PAR] Little is known of the boy defender. Also known as Bertran de Gurdun and John Sabroz (the various names suggest we\u2019ll never know his real name), Basile was one of only two knights defending the castle against the king\u2019s siege. [PAR] This castle protected the southern approach to Limoges and was betwixt routes from Paris and Spain and the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The English army openly mocked its defenses as the siege continued. The ramparts were cobbled together with makeshift armor. A shield was constructed out of a frying pan. [PAR] Knowing the castle would fall sooner than later, the English were lax in their siege, though eager for the riches inside. (Supposedly within the castle walls was a treasure trove of Roman gold.) [PAR] Richard I, as feudal overlord, claimed it for himself and no boy knights were going to get in his way. The king had been in the area suppressing a revolt by Viscount Aimar V of Limoges . The viscount\u2019s forces had been decimated by the king\u2019s army. The riches for the win lay in the castle and Basile stood atop it. [PAR] It was early evening, March 25, 1199, when Richard walked around the castle perimeter without his chainmail on. Arrows had been shot from the ramparts by Basile but were paid little attention. The king applauded when one arrow was aimed at him. The next arrow fired struck the king in the left shoulder near the neck. [PAR] Richard the Lionhearted, mortally wounded . [PAR] The king returned to the privacy of his tent to pull it out. He couldn\u2019t. The surgeon Hoveden, Mercadier\u2019s personal physician, was summoned. He removed the arrow, but not swiftly, or cleanly. Gangrene quickly set in. The king asked for the crossbowman. The boy, Basile, appeared before the stricken king, expecting to be executed on the spot. The boy spoke first, saying he had tried to kill Richard because the king had killed the boy\u2019s father and two brothers. [PAR] \u201cLive on,\u201d the king replied, \u201cand by my bounty behold the light of day.\u201d [PAR] He ordered the boy set free and, further, sent him away with 100 shillings. Deliriously jubilant at the king\u2019s decision, the boy quickly returned to the castle. [PAR] On April 6, in the arms of his mother , Richard I died. His remains were buried at the foot of the tower from which Basile shot the arrow. [PAR] And with the king died his chivalry towards Basile. [PAR] Mercadier, who had entered the king\u2019s service in 1184 and fought in battles in Berry and Brittany, Flanders and Normandy, brought the castle\u2019s defenders to a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles - All You Need Is Love - YouTube The Beatles - All You Need Is Love - YouTube [PAR] The Beatles - All You Need Is Love [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 28, 2011 [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] All You Need Is Love | The Beatles All You Need Is Love | The Beatles [PAR] All You Need Is Love [PAR] song [PAR] There's nothing you can do that can't be done. [PAR] Nothing you can sing that can't be sung. [PAR] Nothing you can say but you can learn how to play the game. [PAR] It's easy. [PAR] Nothing you can make that can't be made. [PAR] No one you can save that can't be saved. [PAR] Nothing you can do, but you can learn how to be you in time. [PAR] It's easy [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love, love. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love, love. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] There's nothing you can know that isn't known. [PAR] Nothing you can see that isn't shown. [PAR] Nowhere you can be that isn't where you're meant to be. It's easy [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love, love. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love. [PAR] All you need is love, love. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] Love is all you need. [PAR] Love is all you need... [PAR] \"All You Need Is Love\" [PAR] US single picture sleeve"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles \u2014 While My Guitar Gently Weeps \u2014 Listen, watch ... The Beatles \u2014 While My Guitar Gently Weeps \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] the beatles [PAR] \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" written by George Harrison for The Beatles on their double album The Beatles (also known as The White Album). George Harrison originally performed the song with a solo acoustic guitar and an organ; a demo version, longer than the officially released version, can be heard on the Anthology 3 album and in reworked form on the Love album. Eric Clapton, who was a good friend of George's, played lead guitar on the album version of\u2026 read more [PAR] Similar Tracks[DOC] [TLE] 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps' | 100 Greatest Beatles ... 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps' | 100 Greatest Beatles Songs | Rolling Stone [PAR] 100 Greatest Beatles Songs [PAR] 10. 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps' [PAR] Writer: Harrison [PAR] Recorded: September 5 and 6, 1968 [PAR] Released: November 25, 1968 [PAR] Not released as a single [PAR] The lyrics for \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps,\" George Harrison's first truly great Beatles song, began as an accident \u2014 but a deliberate one. Harrison composed most of the music during the Beatles' February-April 1968 trip to Rishikesh, India, but wrote its words after the band returned to England. Inspired by the relativism principle of the I Ching, Harrison pulled a book off a shelf in his parents' house, opened it to an arbitrary page and wrote a lyric around the first words he saw, which turned out to be the phrase \"gently weeps.\" (Its source might have been Coates Kinney's much-anthologized 1849 poem \"Rain on the Roof,\" which includes the lines \"And the melancholy darkness/Gently weeps in rainy tears.\") [PAR] Even though the band had recorded Harrison songs on six previous albums, the guitarist still had trouble getting John Lennon and Paul McCartney to take his contributions seriously. Lennon, for his part, later noted that \"there was an embarrassing period where [George's] songs weren't that good and nobody wanted to say anything, but we all worked on them.\" [PAR] The initial studio recording of \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps,\" from July 25th, 1968 (later included on Anthology 3), was a subdued, nearly solo acoustic piece with an extra verse at the end, very much along the lines of Harrison's original demo. A second version, with the full band (Lennon playing organ), was recorded on August 16th and September 3rd and 5th; it eventually incorporated tape-speed trickery, maracas and a backward guitar solo that never quite yielded the \"weeping\" sound Harrison was looking for. [PAR] Producer George Martin had left for a monthlong vacation before the band began working on a third, electric version on September 5th, with Lennon on lead guitar and Ringo Starr contributing a heavy, lurching rhythm. That arrangement didn't quite come together, either. \"They weren't taking it seriously,\" Harrison later remembered. \"I went home that night thinking, 'Well, that's a shame,' because I knew the song was pretty good.\" [PAR] The next day, Harrison was giving Eric Clapton a ride from Surrey into London, when Harrison figured out how to make his bandmates focus on \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\": He asked the Cream guitarist to play on it. Clapton initially declined. \"'Nobody [else] ever plays on Beatles records,'\" Harrison recalled Clapton arguing. But Harrison replied, \"Look, it's my song. I want you to play on it.\" (A few months earlier, Clapton had joined Harrison, McCartney and Starr to record Jackie Lomax's version of the Harrison"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 29 August 1966: The Beatles' final concert in Candlestick ... 29 August 1966: The Beatles' final concert in Candlestick Park, San Francisco | The Beatles Bible [PAR] Ringo Starr [PAR] Anthology [PAR] The Park's capacity was 42,500, but only 25,000 tickets were sold, leaving large sections of unsold seats. Fans paid between $4.50 and $6.50 for tickets, and The Beatles' fee was around $90,000. The show's promoter was local company Tempo Productions. [PAR] The Beatles took 65% of the gross, the city of San Francisco took 15% of paid admissions and were given 50 free tickets. This arrangement, coupled with low ticket sales and other unexpected expenses resulted in a financial loss for Tempo Productions. [PAR] Candlestick Park was the home of the baseball team the San Francisco Giants. The stage was located just behind second base on the field, and was five feet high and surrounded by a six-foot high wire fence. [PAR] The comp\u00e8re was 'Emperor' Gene Nelson of KYA 1260 AM, and the support acts were, in order of appearance, The Remains, Bobby Hebb, The Cyrkle and The Ronettes. The show began at 8pm. [PAR] I was the MC, and, as any Giants fans will know, Candlestick Park in August, at night, was cold, foggy and windy. The funniest thing this night was one of the warm-up acts, Bobby Hebb. He stood up on the stage at Candlestick Park, with the fog, and the wind blowing, and he was singing 'Sunny'! It was tough anyway to work a ballpark as an MC, especially as The Beatles were taking their time to get out. I was trying to entertain a crowd that was shouting, 'Beatles, Beatles, Beatles.' [PAR] The dressing room was chaos. There were loads of people there. The press tried to get passes for their kids and the singer Joan Baez was in there. Any local celebrity, who was in town, was in the dressing room. They were having a party in there. They were having a perfectly wonderful time, while I was freezing my buns off on second base! [PAR] 'Emperor' Gene Nelson [PAR] The Beatles Off The Record, Keith Badman [PAR] The Beatles took to the stage at 9.27pm, and performed 11 songs: Rock And Roll Music , She's A Woman , If I Needed Someone , Day Tripper , Baby's In Black , I Feel Fine , Yesterday , I Wanna Be Your Man , Nowhere Man , Paperback Writer and Long Tall Sally . [PAR] The group knew it was to be their final concert. Recognising its significance, John Lennon and Paul McCartney took a camera onto the stage, with which they took pictures of the crowd, the rest of the group, and themselves at arm's length. [PAR] Before one of the last numbers, we actually set up this camera, I think it had a fisheye, a wide-angle lens. We set it up on the amplifier and Ringo came off the drums, and we stood with our backs to the audience and posed for a photograph, because we knew that was the last show. [PAR] George Harrison [PAR] The Beatles Off The Record, Keith Badman [PAR] As The Beatles made their way to Candlestick Park, Paul McCartney asked their press officer Tony Barrow to make a recording of the concert on audio cassette, using a hand-held recorder. The cassette lasted 30 minutes on each side, and, as Barrow didn't flip it during the show, the recording cut off during final song Long Tall Sally . [PAR] There was a sort of end of term spirit thing going on, and there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Favorite Beatles album cover | Page 5 | Fab Forum Favorite Beatles album cover | Page 5 | Fab Forum [PAR] Favorite Beatles album cover | Page 5 | Fab Forum [PAR] Favorite Beatles album cover | Page 5 | Fab Forum [PAR] Please consider registering [PAR] My favorite Album Covers are Abbey Road , Sgt Peppers and With the Beatles [PAR] 14 December 2011 [PAR] Sitting singing songs for everyone by the mountain stream [PAR] Candlestick Park [PAR] Offline [PAR] 82 [PAR] Just quickly looking through this again and I realized no one is really a fan of Magical Mystery Tour or Beatles For Sale . Does no one like George's turnip hair? [PAR] Well we all shine on like the moon, the stars, and the sun. [PAR] 14 December 2011 [PAR] 83 [PAR] I love George's turnip hair! also the orangey background. [PAR] \"Now and then, though, someone does begin to grow differently. Instead of down, his feet grow up toward the sky. But we do our best to discourage awkward things like that.\" [PAR] \"What happens to them?\" insisted Milo. [PAR] \"Oddly enough, they often grow ten times the size of everyone else,\" said Alec thoughtfully, \"and I\u2019ve heard that they walk among the stars.\" [PAR] \u2013The Phantom Tollbooth [PAR] What's turnip hair? Sounds funny... [PAR] [PAR] My favorite covers are Revolver and Abbey Road . Such great covers!! Love Klaus Voormann's work. Anyone ever checked out his website? He has some great Hamburg era drawings. [PAR] \"You can manicure a cat but can you caticure a man?\" [PAR] John Lennon- Skywriting by Word of Mouth [PAR] 14 December 2011 [PAR] 85 [PAR] [PAR] Paul described in the Anthology George's hair in Beatles For Sale cover as \"George's turnip\" I think. [PAR] Here comes the sun\u2026.. Scoobie-doobie\u2026\u2026 [PAR] Something in the way she moves\u2026..attracts me like a cauliflower\u2026 [PAR] Bop. Bop, cat bop. Go, Johnny, Go. [PAR] Beware of Darkness\u2026 [PAR] Offline [PAR] 86 [PAR] Ohhhhh I can't decide! Well, if your saying album only then a hard days night, or help. I carved my pumpkin at Halloween this year like the cover of help! But I you taking about albums OR singles, the hands down the Twist And Shout ep. Idk why, but I just love the pictures of them jumping! [PAR] ***? \"A Hard Day's Night\" opening chord ?*** [PAR] 14 December 2011 [PAR] Offline [PAR] 87 [PAR] BFS is my second favourite album cover. Its such a contrast to smiley happy cheery media presented beatles and shows that they were willing to be honest in how they were presenting themselves, even if it wasnt particularly noticed back in 1964. They could easily have done fake smiles and a real cheesy cover. The cover and album title brilliantly sums up how they felt at that time. And they still look great. [PAR] I was actually given a BFS poster that is absolutely massive, about 3 times the size of a standard poster, years ago from my brother. Its in a cupboard somewhere. [PAR] \"I told you everything I could about me, Told you everything I could\" ('Before Believing' - Emmylou Harris) [PAR] \"Don't make your love suffer insecurities; Trade the baggage of 'self' to set another one free\" ('Paper Skin' - Kendall Payne) [PAR] 17 December 2011 [PAR] 98 [PAR] fabfouremily said [PAR] I think mine might be With The Beatles . Not the obvious choice, I know, and not one of their 'iconic' covers either but I dunno, I like the simplicity of it, the sombre-ness, the fact that George looks so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hey Jude, wrote by Paul McCartney for Julian Lennon ... Hey Jude, wrote by Paul McCartney for Julian Lennon | OldiesMusicBlog [PAR] The story of Jude [PAR] Posted by diana Nov - 12 - 2010 0 Comment [PAR] \u201c Hey Jude \u201d is a song Paul McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon\u2019s son, Julian, during his parents\u2019 divorce. [PAR] \u201cHey Jude\u201d was released in August 1968 as the first single from The Beatles\u2019 record label Apple Records. More than seven minutes in length, \u201cHey Jude\u201d was, at the time, the longest single ever to top the British charts. [PAR] It also spent nine weeks as number one in the United States\u2014the longest run at the top of the American charts for a Beatles single. The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional lists of the [PAR] all-time best songs. [PAR] In 1968, John Lennon and his wife Cynthia Lennon separated due to John\u2019s affair with Yoko Ono. Soon afterwards, Paul McCartney drove out to visit Cynthia and Julian, her son with Lennon. \u201cWe\u2019d been very good friends for millions of years and I thought it was a bit much for them suddenly to be personae non gratae and out of my life,\u201d McCartney said. Cynthia Lennon recalled, \u201cI was truly surprised when, one afternoon, Paul arrived on his own. I was touched by his obvious concern for our welfare\u2026. On the journey down he composed \u2018Hey Jude\u2019 in the car. I will never forget Paul\u2019s gesture of care and concern in coming to see us.\u201d [PAR] The song\u2019s original title was \u201cHey Jules\u201d, and it was intended to comfort Julian Lennon from the stress of his parents\u2019 divorce. McCartney said, \u201cI started with the idea \u2018Hey Jules\u2019, which was Julian, don\u2019t make it bad, take a sad song and make it better. Hey, try and deal with this terrible thing. I knew it was not going to be easy for him. I always feel sorry for kids in divorces \u2026 I had the idea by the time I got there. I changed it to \u2018Jude\u2019 because I thought that sounded a bit better.\u201d [PAR] Julian Lennon discovered the song had been written for him almost twenty years later. He remembered being closer to McCartney than to his father: \u201cPaul and I used to hang about quite a bit\u2014more than Dad and I did. We had a great friendship going and there seems to be far more pictures of me and Paul playing together at that age than there are pictures of me and my dad.\u201d [PAR] Although McCartney originally wrote the song for Julian Lennon, John Lennon thought it had actually been written for him: \u201cBut I always heard it as a song to me. If you think about it\u2026 Yoko\u2019s just come into the picture. He\u2019s saying. \u2018Hey, Jude\u2014Hey, John.\u2019 I know I\u2019m sounding like one of those fans who reads things into it, but you can hear it as a song to me \u2026 Subconsciously, he was saying, Go ahead, leave me. On a conscious level, he didn\u2019t want me to go ahead.\u201d [PAR] Source: wikipedia.org"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rectangular States and Kinky Borders - blogspot.com The Mathematical Tourist: Rectangular States and Kinky Borders [PAR] August 30, 2007 [PAR] Rectangular States and Kinky Borders [PAR] On many maps of the United States, the states of Colorado and Wyoming appear to be rectangles. [PAR] Indeed, the enabling legislation creating the two states specifies their extent strictly in terms of lines of latitude and longitude, rather than rivers, mountain divides, or other geographical features. Wyoming stretches from 41\u00b0N to 45\u00b0N latitude and from 104\u00b0 3'W to 111\u00b0 3'W longitude. Colorado 's borders lie between 37\u00b0N and 41\u00b0N latitude and between 102\u00b0 3'W and 109\u00b0 3'W longitude. Originally, the lines of longitude were measured west from Washington, D.C. [PAR] However, on the surface of a sphere, although lines of latitude are parallel, lines of longitude converge as you go north or south away from the equator. So, the northern border of each state is a little shorter than its southern border. The difference for Colorado is about 21 miles. [PAR] Hence, to a first approximation, both states appear to be trapezoids rather than rectangles, though on a curved surface. A trapezoid has one set of parallel sides. [PAR] But there's an additional wrinkle that complicates the picture. [PAR] When the states were created, surveyors mapped their boundaries using transit and compass, chronometer, and astronomical readings. They also relied on data from previous surveys and interviews with residents of the affected areas. Following the appropriate lines of latitude and longitude as best as they could, the surveyors established the borders, marking them from milepost to milepost over distances stretching hundreds of miles. [PAR] The boundary between Utah and Colorado runs 276 miles from Four Corners (the only place in the United States where four states share a point) to the Wyoming border, for example. On its northward trek, the original survey ended up about 1 mile west of where the surveyors had expected to intersect the Wyoming line, indicating that the surveyed border had at least one kink in it. Indeed, subsequent surveys revealed a discrepancy between mileposts 81 and 89 (northward from Four Corners) and another between mileposts 100 and 110. The errors put kinks into what should have been a straight line. [PAR] There were similar surveying errors along other borders, including those that define Wyoming. Interestingly, once a border is defined on the ground and accepted by the interested parties, it becomes official, even if it doesn't follow the written description. [PAR] So, perhaps it's best to describe Colorado and Wyoming as polygons. And Utah can then join the group of states that are polygons. The trickier question is determining exactly how many sides these polygons have. [PAR] Colorado's legal border, for example, \"is a polygon formed by a series of line segments that run between physical monuments that were put in place by . . . survey parties,\" Stan Wagon and John J. Watkins comment in the September College Mathematics Journal. \"This polygon has hundreds of sides.\" [PAR] It's time to take a closer look at the borders and start counting. The main kink in the Utah-Colorado border is visible with a few clicks on a Google map , as is an abrupt jog in the border between Colorado and New Mexico. [PAR] References: [PAR] 2007. Which states are polygons? College Mathematics Journal 38(September):259."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Longest Rivers in USA - Maps of World Longest Rivers in USA [PAR] Longest Rivers in USA [PAR] Map of Americas [PAR] Longest Rivers in USA [PAR] USA Map locating some of the longest rivers of USA. Missouri, Mississippi, Yukon, Rio Grande, St. Lawrence, Arkansas, Colorado, Atchafalaya, Ohio, Red, Brazos, Columbia and Snake are the longest rivers in USA. [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited,its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] Longest Rivers in the US [PAR] America is a land of geographical diversities. The water discharge of Rocky mountains and the Great Lakes flows through the Great Plains of America. The Missouri River, the longest river in North America, rises from the Rocky Mountains of western Montana. The river flows southeast for 2,540 miles before joining the Mississippi River north of St. Louis in Missouri state. [PAR] Lauded in many literary works, the river Mississippi is the chief river of the largest drainage system in the North American continent. Its headwaters lie in northern Minnesota and the river flows southwards for 2,340 miles to reach the Gulf of Mexico. Native Americans have lived along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and its tributaries for centuries. [PAR] The Yukon River is a major watercourse of northwestern North America. The lower half of this river lies in Alaska. The Rio Grande in Texas is one of the major rivers in the southwestern US. The Saint Lawrence River is the primary drainage outflow of the Great Lakes Basin. [PAR] The Arkansas River, Colorado River, Ohio River, Red River, and Columbia River are among the longest rivers in the US."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Purchase of Alaska, 1867 - State Milestones: 1866\u20131898 - Office of the Historian [PAR] Milestones: 1866\u20131898 [PAR] Purchase of Alaska, 1867 [PAR] The purchase of Alaska in 1867 marked the end of Russian efforts to expand trade and settlements to the Pacific coast of North America, and became an important step in the United States rise as a great power in the Asia-Pacific region. Beginning in 1725, when Russian Czar Peter the Great dispatched Vitus Bering to explore the Alaskan coast, Russia had a keen interest in this region, which was rich in natural resources and lightly inhabited. As the United States expanded westward in the early 1800s, Americans soon found themselves in competition with Russian explorers and traders. St. Petersburg, however, lacked the financial resources to support major settlements or a military presence along the Pacific coast of North America and permanent Russian settlers in Alaska never numbered more than four hundred. Defeat in the Crimean War further reduced Russian interest in this region. [PAR] Signing of the Alaska Treaty, 1867 [PAR] Russia offered to sell Alaska to the United States in 1859, believing the United States would off-set the designs of Russia\u2019s greatest rival in the Pacific, Great Britain. The looming U.S. Civil War delayed the sale, but after the war, Secretary of State William Seward quickly took up a renewed Russian offer and on March 30, 1867, agreed to a proposal from Russian Minister in Washington, Edouard de Stoeckl, to purchase Alaska for $7.2 million. The Senate approved the treaty of purchase on April 9; President Andrew Johnson signed the treaty on May 28, and Alaska was formally transferred to the United States on October 18, 1867. This purchase ended Russia\u2019s presence in North America and ensured U.S. access to the Pacific northern rim. [PAR] For three decades after its purchase the United States paid little attention to Alaska, which was governed under military, naval, or Treasury rule or, at times, no visible rule at all. Seeking a way to impose U.S. mining laws, the United States constituted a civil government in 1884. Skeptics had dubbed the purchase of Alaska \u201cSeward\u2019s Folly,\u201d but the former Secretary of State was vindicated when a major gold deposit was discovered in the Yukon in 1896, and Alaska became the gateway to the Klondike gold fields. The strategic importance of Alaska was finally recognized in World War II. Alaska became a state on January 3, 1959.[DOC] [TLE] March 30, 1867 \u2013 The U.S. Purchases Alaska from Russia ... March 30, 1867 \u2013 The U.S. Purchases Alaska from Russia | Legal Legacy [PAR] March 30, 1867 \u2013 The U.S. Purchases Alaska from Russia [PAR] Posted on March 30, 2014 by rhapsodyinbooks [PAR] On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed to purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million dollars, about two cents an acre. A check for $7,200,000.00 was issued on August 1, 1868 and made payable to Edouard de Stoeckl, the Russian Minister to the United States. [PAR] Secretary of State William H. Seward [PAR] The press mocked the purchase as \u201cSeward\u2019s Folly\u201d, \u201cSeward\u2019s icebox,\u201d and Andrew Johnson\u2019s \u201cpolar bear garden.\u201d The discovery of gold in the late 1890s increased Alaska\u2019s value as a U.S. possession and boosted its population. (Today, Alaska is primarily known as a producer of black gold, or oil.) [PAR] In 1912, the region was granted territorial status. Alaskans approved statehood in 1946 and adopted a state constitution in 1955. On January 3, 1959, President Eisenhower announced Alaska\u2019s entrance into the Union as the 49th state. It has a land mass larger"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Read User Reviews and Submit your own for Selma - Metacritic Read User Reviews and Submit your own for Selma - Metacritic [PAR] 6 [PAR] Ungapungiuk Jan 15, 2015 [PAR] This movie is extremely slow moving. The acting is spot on but the story itself requires patience from the viewer while it moves along. If you decide to watch this movie, be prepared for the long haul but it may be worth it. Not my cup of teaThis movie is extremely slow moving. The acting is spot on but the story itself requires patience from the viewer while it moves along. If you decide to watch this movie, be prepared for the long haul but it may be worth it. Not my cup of tea but still well done.\u2026 Expand [PAR] 4 of 5 users found this helpful41 [PAR] 6 [PAR] longjetty7 Jan 28, 2015 [PAR] I completely understand why the critics raved about this movie, although I feel like the civil rights movement is one of those subjects that will elicit great reviews no matter what. I'll admit that the movie was executed rather well, withI completely understand why the critics raved about this movie, although I feel like the civil rights movement is one of those subjects that will elicit great reviews no matter what. I'll admit that the movie was executed rather well, with strong acting and well-written dialogue, but overall this just wasn't a movie I cared about. MLK's character was disappointingly underdeveloped, and the pacing was pretty slow, especially the last half hour (and I'm typically not a fan of history lessons to begin with). [PAR] Also, I couldn't help but feel like this movie was a bit pointless. Race relations are certainly contentious these days, but EVERYONE at least realizes that voting equality is a no-brainer. If this movie is trying to make a political statement (which is probably the case considering the song during the credits), it's not going to change any opinions. However, if it's merely supposed to be a historical lesson, then it serves its purpose, although it is certainly not the first of its kind.\u2026 Expand [PAR] 4 of 7 users found this helpful43 [PAR] 9 [PAR] TVJerry Jan 15, 2015 [PAR] The 1965 march from Selma to Montgomery was a turning point in the fight for equal voting rights. This film examines the event from historical and personal perspectives. David Oyelowo remarkably inhabits the role of Martin Luther King, Jr.,The 1965 march from Selma to Montgomery was a turning point in the fight for equal voting rights. This film examines the event from historical and personal perspectives. David Oyelowo remarkably inhabits the role of Martin Luther King, Jr., as he leads the campaign, while facing his own doubts and demons. The performances are universally compelling and director Ava DuVernay has masterfully crafted an authoritative work of cinema. Bradford Young's beautiful, intimate cinematography adds to the film's artistic appeal. Almost every encounter and speech could have been shorter, which would have helped build more dramatic tension, but this remains an important, ambitious historical drama.\u2026 Expand [PAR] 5 of 9 users found this helpful54 [PAR] 9 [PAR] bmaster4616 Jan 11, 2015 [PAR] To me it paints a portrait of what real cinema should focus on. Not this over analyzed ideas of \"black vs. whites\" or scenes after scenes of brutality. Also of over abundance emotion that sucks the life out of the scene. Emotion is good andTo me it paints a portrait of what real cinema should focus on. Not this over analyzed ideas of \"black vs. whites\" or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Colonies Under British Rule The Colonies Under British Rule [PAR] The Colonies Under British Rule [PAR] [PAR] Historian Pauline Maier: \"The British colonists saw the year 1763 as a great watershed in American history. In the past, a great semi-circle of \"Catholic enemies\" had hemmed them in from French Canada and Louisiana on their north and west to Spanish Florida in the south. But in 1763, the Peace of Paris gave all the lands between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River to Britain's young King George III. That change, the colonists assumed, would bring peace and security beyond anything they or their parents or their parents' parents had known. And now nothing would keep them from spilling beyond the Appalachian Mountains. [PAR] [PAR] In the wave of patriotism that swept the colonies after the French and Indian War, no one doubted that the America of the future would be British. At the time, in fact, the various colonies had no ties with each other except through London and their shared British identity. [PAR] The Americans were particularly proud of being governed under the \"British constitution,\" that is, Britain's form of government, which divided power among the King, Lords, and Commons, and which they, like many enlightened Europeans, considered the best mankind had ever devised for the protection of liberty. (Though they were appalled at the corruption and bribery involved in British politics.) Affection reinforced the imperial bond. One set of colonists after another testified that their hearts were \"warmly attached to the King of Great Britain and the royal family.\" [PAR] The mystery is why, only thirteen years later, they declared their Independence. That mystery is not ours alone. It was the colonists' too. As events unfolded, they wondered at the unexpected course their history was taking, and sought explanations.\" [PAR] [PAR] The Boston Tea Party [PAR] In 1773, however, trouble began again after Parliament tried to help the East India Company sell tea in the colonies at a price lower than that of smuggled tea. (Because it was sold directly to customers, the tea, even with the still-existing tax, was cheaper than before.) Colonists saw this \"poisoned cheap tea\" as an attempt by Parliament to lure them into accepting Parliament's right to tax them -- to raise a revenue, as the colonists said. They also objected to Parliament's actions in wiping out a whole class of American merchants. Parliament refused, however, to remove the old duty on tea, which, from the colonists' perspective, \"poisoned\" the East India Company's cheap tea. Again they resisted, but in as peaceful a manner as they could. Colonists in New York and Philadelphia, for example, convinced the captains of tea ships to turn around and take their cargoes back to England without paying the tea tax. In Boston, however, the tea ships entered the harbor before the opposition organized. Townsmen spent the next twenty days trying without success to get clearances so the ships could go back to sea. Governor Thomas Hutchinson, however, insisted that the tea would not be sent back -- that the law would be enforced. Then, on the night before the tea could be seized by the customs service, a group of men disguised as Indians boarded the ships and emptied 342 chests of tea into the water. The proceedings were amazingly quiet except for the \"ploop, ploop, ploop\" of tea dropping into the sea. [PAR] [PAR] A young lawyer from the town of Braintree named John Adams, an obscure cousin of the better- known Boston leader, Samuel Adams, and by no means a lover of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u2018Pop\u2019 Culture: Patent Medicines Become Soda Drinks - CSI \u2018Pop\u2019 Culture: Patent Medicines Become Soda Drinks - CSI [PAR] Skeptic Authors Steven Salzberg and Joe Nickell to Receive Balles Prize in Critical Thinking [PAR] June 14, 2013 [PAR] Forbes columnist Steven Salzberg and author-investigator Joe Nickell will each be awarded the 2012 Robert P. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking, to be presented by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry at the CFI Summit in October. [PAR] \u2018Pop\u2019 Culture: Patent Medicines Become Soda Drinks [PAR] Skeptical Inquirer Volume 35.1, January/February 2011 [PAR] Mineral water, including naturally carbonated water, has long been promoted as a curative for various ailments. [PAR] The soda fountains of yesteryear-a particularly American phenomenon-were in drug stores for a reason. Introduced in pharmacies at the end of the eighteenth century and increasing in the 1830s, they were an effective means of dispensing medications: adding a small amount of flavoring along with some seltzer (effervescent water) made medicine more palatable (New Orleans, n.d.; Mariani 1994, 291). As part of my studies of snake oil and other cure-alls (Nickell 1998, 2005, 2006)-which ranged over several years and included collecting antique bottles and ephemera and visiting such sites as the Coca-Cola museum-I was struck by the fact that several famous soft drinks had originated as patent medicines, which in turn had their origin in herbal and other folk remedies (see figure 1). Pharmacists claimed the added ingredients \u201cmade medicines taste so good, people wanted them, whether they needed them or not, and that's how soft drinks evolved\u201d (New Orleans, n.d.). [PAR] Figure 1 [PAR] Advent of Soda \u2018Pop' [PAR] Mineral water, including naturally carbonated water (figure 2), has long been promoted as a curative for various ailments. As early as the beginning of the sixteenth century, scientists tried to duplicate nature's carbonation process. It fell to Dr. Joseph Priestley (discoverer of oxygen) to advance the first practical process in 1772, thus helping to launch the soda-water industry. In time, flavored soda waters caught on. [PAR] Figure 2 [PAR] Some early soda bottles, such as those for English ginger ale, had rounded bottoms, so they could not be stood upright. This prevented their corks from drying out and shrinking, which kept the gas pressure from causing them to \u201cpop.\u201d1 Later \u201cpop\u201d bottles had patented stoppers (again, see figure 2), including the familiar one from 1891 still used today, called the crown cork (a crimped metal cap with a cork liner) (Munsey 1970, 101\u201310). [PAR] Root Beer and Sarsaparilla [PAR] Two plant roots particularly, sarsaparilla and sassafras (figure 1), were early recognized for their potent flavor and presumed medicinal properties. In 1830, in his treatise on medical botany, Constantine Rafinesque described the American sassafras tree (an aromatic member of the laurel family) and its qualities, noting that \u201cIndians use a strong decoction to purge and clear the body in the spring.\u201d Sassafras has long been used as a tea and \u201chome-remedy spring tonic and blood purifier\u201d (Rafinesque 1830). (I dug the root as a boy in Kentucky, seemingly coming by my interest naturally: my great, great grandparents, Harry and Martha Murphy, were Appalachian herbalists and folk doctors.) [PAR] Sassafras was an original, major ingredient in many recipes for root beer, which was brewed in the eighteenth century as a mildly alcoholic beverage. Reportedly, in 1870 an unknown pharmacist created a formula that he billed as a cure-all and offered to the public. However, it was not actually marketed until Philadelphia pharmacist Charles Hires produced a liquid concentrate in small bottles (see figure 3), introducing it at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pulp Fiction - Wikiquote Pulp Fiction - Wikiquote [PAR] Pulp Fiction [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Pulp Fiction is a 1994 film about the lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits that intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . [PAR] You won't know the facts until you've seen the fiction. Taglines [PAR] Contents [PAR] Jules Winnfield[ edit ] [PAR] I been saying that shit for years. And if you heard it, that meant your ass. I never gave much thought to what it meant. I just thought it was some cold-blooded shit to say to a motherfucker before I popped a cap in his ass. But I saw some shit this morning made me think twice. See, now I'm thinking, maybe it means you're the evil man, and I'm the righteous man, and Mr. 9 Millimeter here? He's the shepherd protecting my righteous ass in the valley of darkness. Or it could mean you're the righteous man and I'm the shepherd and it's the world that's evil and selfish. Now I'd like that. But that shit ain't the truth. The truth is\u2026you're the weak, and I am the tyranny of evil men. But I'm trying, Ringo. I'm trying real hard to be the shepherd. [PAR] Marsellus Wallace[ edit ] [PAR] [to Butch] The night of the fight, you may feel a slight sting. That's pride fucking with you. Fuck pride. Pride only hurts. It never helps. You fight through that shit. [PAR] [to Butch] This business is filled to the brim with unrealistic motherfuckers. Motherfuckers who think their ass will age like wine. If you mean it turns to vinegar...it does. If you mean it gets better with age...it don't. [PAR] Captain Koons[ edit ] [PAR] [To young Butch] Hello, little man. Boy, I sure heard a bunch about you. See, I was a good friend of your dad's. We were in that Hanoi pit of hell together over five years. Hopefully, you'll never have to experience this yourself, but when two men are in a situation like me and your dad were for as long as we were, you take on certain responsibilities of the other. If it'd been me who'd - not made it, Major Coolidge'd be talking right now to my son Jim. But the way it turned out, I'm talking to you. Butch. I got somethin' for ya. This watch I got here was first purchased by your great-grandfather during the first World War. It was bought in a little general store in Knoxville, Tennessee. Made by the first company to ever make wrist watches. Up 'til then, people just carried pocket watches. It was bought by Private Doughboy Erine Coolidge on the day he set sail for Paris. This was your great-grandfather's war watch and he wore it everyday he was in that war, and when he'd done his duty, he went home to your great-grandmother, took the watch off, put it in an old coffee can, and in that can it stayed until your granddad, Dane Coolidge, was called upon by his country to go overseas and fight the Germans once again. This time they called it World War II. [PAR] Your great-grandfather gave this watch to your granddad for good luck. Unfortunately, Dane's luck wasn't as good as his old man's. Dane was a Marine and he was killed -- along with all the other Marines at the battle of Wake Island. Your granddad was facing death. He knew it."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Watch The Motorcycle Diaries Online | 2004 Movie | Yidio Watch The Motorcycle Diaries Online | 2004 Movie | Yidio [PAR] Watch The Motorcycle Diaries [PAR] \"Before he changed the world the world changed him.\" [PAR] An international co-production, The Motorcycle Diaries details an eight month journey taken by the young revolutionary Che Guevara and his friend, Alberto Grenado across South America. During the movie attempts are made to provide details of how and why Guevara became a Marxist revolutionary after initially setting out on a fun road trip designed to end with a stint as a volunteer at a leper colony in the Peruvian jungle. The Motorcycle Diaries is based on the memoir written by Guevara about his trip and uses Grenado's own memoir as source material. [PAR] The Motorcycle Diaries begins in 1952 with the traveler's, Ernesto Guevara and Alberto Grenado leaving their family homes in Buenos Aires, Argentina and setting out on a journey to Peru. At the outset of the journey the two men are looking solely for a good time, their aspirations go so far as to meet women and party in different South American countries. Problems with Grenado's Norton 500 motorcycle force the pair to seek refuge in poverty stricken regions of South America before the motorcycle finally gives out and the pair are forced to hitch rides. [PAR] After the motorcycle breaks down the tone of the movie changes with the images of poverty and social inequality between the peasant's and rich people of South America. By the time the pair finally arrive in the leper colony in Peru Guevara has become a political radical beginning to believe in the Communist manifesto. The colony serves as a metaphor for South America with the staff of the colony and patients separated at the end of the working day by a river that divides the island. After celebrating his birthday Guevara swims across the river and sleeps in a leper building to show his solidarity with the patients. [PAR] The Motorcycle Diaries was warmly received by critics and won many awards at international film festivals. Brazilian director Walter Sallas and star Gael Garcia Bernal were singled out for particular praise.[DOC] [TLE] The Motorcycle Diaries (2004) - Movie - YouTube The Motorcycle Diaries (2004) - Movie - YouTube [PAR] 14,910 views [PAR] Last updated on Apr 8, 2013 [PAR] Brazilian director Walter Salles Jr. follows up the Golden Globe-nominated Behind the Sun with this filmed adaptation of Argentinian-born Cuban revolutionary Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara's journals of the same name. The Motorcycle Diaries stars Gael Garc\u00eda Bernal (Y Tu Mam\u00e1 Tambi\u00e9n, Amores Perros) as a young, pre-revolution Guevara, a 23-year-old medical student in 1952 traveling across South America on a motorcycle with his friend Alberto Granado (Rodrigo de la Serna), who co-wrote the source material. As they embark on their journey, both young men come of age and find their individual world views broadened farther than they ever expected. The Motorcycle Diaries premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival. [PAR] less [PAR] Brazilian director Walter Salles Jr. follows up the Golden Globe-nominated Behind the Sun with this filmed adaptation of Argentinian-born Cuban revolutionary Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara's journals of the same name. The Motorcycle Diaries s... [PAR] more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cut His Heart Out with a Spoon - TV Tropes Cut His Heart Out with a Spoon - TV Tropes [PAR] Cut His Heart Out with a Spoon [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Cut His Heart Out with a Spoon [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] \u2014 The Sheriff of Nottingham, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves [PAR] This trope is when a threat \u2014 usually a death threat \u2014 is Played for Laughs by being a bit, well, odd. This can include a threat that's unnecessarily long and convoluted, and the one making it gets a bit lost; or a threat that simply incorporates some really bizarre elements ; or a pathetically nonthreatening sort of threat (\"Do X, or I'll... give you some really evil looks when your back is turned !\"). [PAR] Sometimes, Fridge Horror makes the more bizarre elements even more terrifying and Squickier . It's one thing to threaten someone with a sharp knife or even a gun; those cut pretty quickly and can be almost painless (at first; ever heard of the term \"clean cut\"?). However, going after someone with a spoon dictates hours of potential digging into a person very crudely to get the same effect . [PAR] Rusty and/or dull cutlery seems to be a particular favorite, though. [PAR] This trope is usually seen in comedy, for obvious reasons. See also Cool and Unusual Punishment or Cruel and Unusual Death , for when these bizarre threats are actually effective. To the Pain is usually invoked if played seriously, \" I'll Kill You! \" when it's not so convoluted. \" I Will Tear Your Arms Off !\" is a specific Sub-Trope . Freudian Threat for when the threat focuses specifically on a character's naughty bits. Compare Once Killed a Man with a Noodle Implement . [PAR] Examples [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Anime and Manga [PAR] Fullmetal Alchemist : Ed says some random things whenever someone hits his Berserk Button . \"I'll break down your feet and stick them on your head!\" [PAR] \"I'll turn you all into fish!\" [PAR] In the western (like, cowboy) sh&#333;jo manga Miriam , a crooked sheriff has the protagonists locked up on false charges. When they start complaining, he says he'll add to the charges if they don't shut up... then says he'll add things like stealing a hotel ashtray, cheating in cards, and hitting on girls in stores. [PAR] Haruhi Suzumiya managed to combine two of her chief preoccupations in this threat: [PAR] Haruhi: \"Anyone accepting defeat will be punished by running 10 laps around the school! Naked! And you'll have to yell ' Green martians are chasing me' for the whole 10 laps!\" [PAR] Haruhi: \"First, you are to leap up a wall with a dry salted fish in your mouth and fight for territory with other wild cats! And you have to wear cat ears while doing it!\" [PAR] Nearly all of the threats she makes qualify somewhat, due to being so serious and over-the-top . [PAR] Inuyasha in English Dub: [PAR] Inu-Yasha (to Sesshoumaru): I'm gonna rip your guts out and put them in a bowl! [PAR] Hellsing had a few; most from Jan Valentine. [PAR] \"I'm gonna fuck that bitch, shoot her in the head, and fuck her there!! [PAR] Fruits Basket : Yuki tells Kakeru he'll never speak to him again, and it's only just out of his mouth when he realizes how embarrassingly childish that sounds. Forunately, Kakeru is embarrassingly childish. Kakeru later threatens to make Yuki \"walk through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coal Miner's Daughter (1980) - IMDb Coal Miner's Daughter (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Biographical story of Loretta Lynn , a legendary country singer that came from poverty to worldwide fame. She rose from humble beginnings in Kentucky to superstardom and changing the sound and style of country music forever. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 28 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 28 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 16 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 20 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 09 Jan 2016 [PAR] Title: Coal Miner's Daughter (1980) [PAR] 7.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 8 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Jessica Lange stunningly portrays Patsy Cline, the velvet-voiced country music singer who died in a tragic plane crash at the height of her fame. [PAR] Director: Karel Reisz [PAR] A young single mother and textile worker agrees to help unionize her mill despite the problems and dangers involved. [PAR] Director: Martin Ritt [PAR] In the Deep South in the 1930s, a widow and her family try to run their cotton farm with the help of a disparate group of friends. [PAR] Director: Robert Benton [PAR] It's 1944 in the small town of Gregory, Texas. Divorc\u00e9e Nita Longley has been brought into the town by the telephone company to work as its switchboard operator, a job which requires her to... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Jack Fisk [PAR] A woman is determined to reveal the truth about an insidious political corruption. In doing so she risks her safety, career and reputation but will not stop asking questions until the truth is known. [PAR] Director: Roger Donaldson [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] At only thirteen years of age, Loretta Webb marries Doolittle Lynn and is soon responsible for a sizeable family. Loretta appears destined to a life of homemaking, but Doolittle recognises his wife's musical talent, and buys her a guitar as an anniversary present one year. At eighteen, the mother of four children and busy housewife still finds time to write and sing songs at small fairs and local honky-tonks. This gift sets Loretta Lynn on the gruelling, tumultuous path to superstardom and country music greatness. Written by Shannon Patrick Sullivan <shannon@mun.ca> [PAR] See All (54) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] She was married at 13. She had four kids by the time she was 20. She's been hungry and poor. She's been loved and cheated on. She became a singer because it was the only thing she could do. She became a star because it was the only way she could do it. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 7 March 1980 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] La hija del minero See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Joe Don Baker , who bears a strong resemblance to the real Doolittle Lynn, was the producers' first choice to play him, but he was unable to accept"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film locations for An American Werewolf in London (1981) Film locations for An American Werewolf in London (1981) [PAR] Surrey: Drink at: The Black Swan , Old Lane, Martyr's Green (tel: 01932 862364) (rail: Effingham Junction from London Waterloo or London Blackfriars) [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The dull and belated sequel, An American Werewolf in Paris, was filmed largely in Luxembourg. [PAR] An American Werewolf in London location: David Kessler goes through changes in the flat of nurse Alex Price: 64 Coleherne Road, Earl's Court, London SW10 [PAR] Unsurprisingly, the locations for John Landis \u2019 horror-comedy can be found mainly around London , with a brief detour into Wales , standing in for \u2018Yorkshire\u2019. [PAR] An American Werewolf in London location: arriving in the village: Crickadarn, near Builth Wells, Wales [PAR] Photograph: Kevin Thomas [PAR] A pub full of character actors rhubarbing away on the 'Yorkshire Moors' can only mean bad news for two American backpackers. [PAR] The moors were filmed around the Black Mountains in Wales , and 'East Proctor' is in reality the tiny village of Crickadarn, about six miles southeast of Builth Wells off the A479. The \u2018Angel of Death\u2019 statue was a prop added for the film, but the red phone box is real enough \u2013 though Welsh the road signs were covered by a fake tree. [PAR] An American Werewolf in London location: the exterior of the \u2018Slaughtered Lamb\u2019: Crickadarn, near Builth Wells, Wales [PAR] Photograph: Kevin Thomas [PAR] If you want to join the locals here for a pint at 'The Slaughtered Lamb', you\u2019ll have quite a journey. Although the exterior was an empty (now restored \u2013 so please do not disturb the residents) cottage dressed up for the movie. [PAR] An American Werewolf in London location: the phonebox and village church at \u2018East Proctor\u2019: Crickadarn, near Builth Wells, Wales [PAR] Photograph: Kevin Thomas [PAR] The interior of \u2018The Slaughtered Lamb\u2019 is in Surrey . It\u2019s The Black Swan , Old Lane at the junction with Ockham Lane, Martyr\u2019s Green, about a mile northwest of Effingham Junction between Guildford and Leatherhead. The photogenic pub, also featured in TV\u2019s Inspector Morse, but has been given a radical makeover since the Eighties. [PAR] An American Werewolf in London location: \u2018The Slaughtered Lamb\u2019 interior \u2013 no pentagram: The Black Swan, Martyr's Green, Surrey [PAR] It\u2019s now a smart restaurant-pub and you\u2019ll need to use a little imagination to recognise it as the old-world inn where Lila Kaye tended bar, a young Rik Mayall played chess and Brian Glover held court. The wall which bore the pentagram was a false addition for the film (it\u2019s actually the doorway to what is now the main dining room) and the bench seats are gone, but the layout remains the same. Oh, and there\u2019s no longer a dartboard. [PAR] An American Werewolf in London location: \u2018The Slaughtered Lamb\u2019 interior \u2013 no dartboard: The Black Swan, Martyr's Green, Surrey [PAR] The hospital in which David Kessler ( David Naughton ) recovers from a nasty wolf bite was the Princess Beatrice Maternity Hospital on Finborough Road at Lillie Road in Earl\u2019s Court, London SW5. The building is still there, and is now a hostel for the homeless. [PAR] A block east, around the corner at 64 Coleherne Road, SW10, you can see the flat of nurse Alex Price ( Jenny Agutter ), where David does some shape-shifting to Bad Moon Rising (tube: Earl\u2019s Court). [PAR] Unusually, the tube station, where the city gent gets chomped, was filmed, during the wee small hours, at Tottenham Court Road Station (London Transport\u2019s all-purpose location, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Chaplin - United States American History Charlie Chaplin [PAR] Blog [PAR] Charlie Chaplin [PAR] Charlie Chaplin was a British-born actor, considered to be one of the pivotal stars of Hollywood `s early days. He was often associated with his popular Little Tramp character, with a toothbrush mustache, bowler hat, cane, and funny walk. [PAR] An early career start [PAR] Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London, England, on April 16, 1889. His parents were stage actors and singers. His father was Charlie Chaplin Sr. and his mother was Hannah Harriette Hill, stage name: Lily Harley. His father died when Charlie was 10 years old, and his mother suffered from bouts of severe mental illness. As a result, Charlie and his half-brother, Sydney, moved in and out of charity homes and workhouses. [PAR] The brothers inherited talent from their parents and took to the stage. Charlie made his professional debut at the age of eight as a member of The Eight Lancashire Lads, and became an outstanding tap dancer. [PAR] When Charlie was 18, he began to tour with Fred Karno`s vaudeville troupe, and traveled with it to the United States in 1910. In 1913, he joined the Keystone Film Company; his weekly salary was $150. Given his virtually overnight success, Charlie initiated negotiations for his services from other producers. At the end of his contract with Keystone, he signed with the Essanay Company in 1915, with a large salary increase. Sydney moved over from England and took Charlie\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds old place at Keystone. [PAR] A career flourishes [PAR] In 1916, Chaplin signed with Mutual Film Corporation for an even larger salary, to make 12 two-reel comedies. Some of them were The Vagabond, One A.M., in which he was virtually the only character for the entire two reels; and Easy Street, considered to be his greatest production up to that time. [PAR] Chaplin entered an agreement with First National Studios in 1917, to build Chaplin Studios. His first film under the new deal was A Dog\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Life. [PAR] He then turned his attention to a national tour on behalf of the World War I effort, followed by a film, The Bond, which he made for the U.S. government to popularize the Liberty Loan drive. In 1919, Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks , Mary Pickford , and D.W. Griffith formed United Artists (UA). [PAR] Chaplin was obligated to complete his contract with First National before he could take on responsibilities with United Artists. He came out with The Kid (1921), a six-reel masterpiece that introduced Jackie Coogan, one of the world`s greatest child actors. [PAR] Under his agreement with United Artists, Chaplin created eight full-feature films from 1923 to 1966. Woman of Paris was the first (1923). Chaplin only had a cameo role, but wrote, directed, and produced that film. In 1940, he played a dual role and talked for the first time on screen in The Great Dictator, a parody of Adolf Hitler . In 1947, a new Charlie emerged without his mustache, baggy pants and wobbly cane in Monsieur Verdoux. In 1966, he produced A Countess from Hong Kong, his last picture, starring Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando . [PAR] Under scrutiny [PAR] Chaplin resided in the United States from 1914 to 1952, but retained his British nationality. Like other Hollywood personalities, he became a suspected communist, and FBI director J. Edgar Hoover initiated what became an extensive file on the actor. When Chaplin left on a trip to England, Hoover negotiated with the Immigration and Naturalization Service to revoke his re-entry permit. Chaplin and his family then took up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alec Guinness - Biography - IMDb Alec Guinness - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Alec Guinness [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 119 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (68) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (4) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Alec Guinness de Cuffe was born on April 2, 1914 in Marylebone, London, England, and was raised by his mother, Agnes Cuffe. While working in advertising, he studied at the Fay Compton Studio of Dramatic Art, debuting on stage in 1934 and played classic theater with the Old Vic from 1936. In 1941, he entered the Royal Navy as a seaman and was commissioned the next year. Beyond an extra part in Evensong (1934), his film career began after World War II with his portrayal of Herbert Pocket in Great Expectations (1946). A string of films, mostly comedies, showed off his ability to look different in every role, eight of them, including a woman, in one movie alone, Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949). His best known recent work was as the Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi in Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977) and its sequels. He earned a Best Actor Oscar and Golden Globe Award in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) and an Honorary Academy Award (1980) for \"advancing the art of screen acting through a host of memorable and distinguished performances\". Academy nominations have included The Lavender Hill Mob (1951) (actor); The Horse's Mouth (1958) (screenplay); Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977) (supporting) and Little Dorrit (1987) (supporting). He was awarded Knight Bachelor of the Order of the British Empire in the 1959 Queen's Honours List for his services to drama. Sir Alec Guinness died at age 86 of liver cancer on August 5, 2000. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Pedro Borges [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 20 June 1938 - 5 August 2000) (his death) (1 child) [PAR] Trade Mark (4) [PAR] Known for playing multiple complex characters and changing his appearance to suit. [PAR] Often played noble and fiercely proud leaders and authority figures [PAR] Often worked with David Lean and Ronald Neame [PAR] Deep smooth voice [PAR] Trivia (68) [PAR] Reportedly hated working on Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977) so much, Guinness claims that Obi-Wan's death was his idea as a means to limit his involvement in the film. Guinness also claims to throw away all Star Wars related fan mail without even opening it. [PAR] Father of actor Matthew Guinness and grandfather of Sally Guinness . [PAR] He was one of the last surviving members of a great generation of British actors, which included Sir Laurence Olivier , Sir John Gielgud and Sir Ralph Richardson . [PAR] \"de Cuffe\" is his mother's surname; he never knew the identity of his father (source: obituary, Daily Telegraph, 7 August 2000). [PAR] He was awarded the Companion of Honour in the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours List for his services to drama. [PAR] He was awarded the CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the 1955 Queen's Birthday Honours List for his services to drama. [PAR] He was awarded Knight Bachelor in the 1959 Queen's New Year Honours List for his services to drama. [PAR] He was a huge fan of the television series Due South (1994). [PAR] Despite popular belief, he never uttered the line \"May the force be with you\" in any of the Star Wars films (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HandMade Films - Screenonline BFI Screenonline: Film Studios and Industry Bodies > HandMade Films [PAR] (d. John Mackenzie, 1979) and [PAR] Mona Lisa [PAR] (d. Neil Jordan, 1986) breathed new life into the much-maligned gangster genre. And while not all of the 23 films that HandMade produced during its 1978-90 heyday were up to that exalted level, the quality threshold was often enviably high. [PAR] HandMade was born in highly unusual circumstances. EMI had originally backed [PAR] Life of Brian [PAR] , but the company's chairman [PAR] Lord Delfont [PAR] got cold feet about the subject matter and pulled out just days before shooting was due to start. This left the [PAR] Monty Python [PAR] team faced with the prospect of writing off what was already a considerable investment. [PAR] Eric Idle [PAR] had recently struck up a friendship with the former Beatle [PAR] George Harrison [PAR] , a fan of Idle's affectionate parody [PAR] The Rutles [PAR] (1978), and as Harrison was by far the richest person that any of the Pythons knew, Idle asked him to bail out the film. Harrison read the script, loved it, and agreed to help, forming HandMade Films with his business manager [PAR] Denis O'Brien [PAR] in order to produce it. It was a shrewd investment, as the film was an enormous success. [PAR] HandMade was originally intended to produce that one film, but Harrison and O'Brien soon became involved in another salvage operation. In this case, [PAR] The Long Good Friday [PAR] had already been completed, but its production company [PAR] Black Lion Films [PAR] (owned by [PAR] Lew Grade [PAR] , Lord Delfont's brother) was nervous about its prospects, due to the level of violence and a key subplot involving the IRA. Severe cuts were proposed, along with the redubbing of lead actor Bob Hoskins, whose strong Cockney accent was felt to be a liability. HandMade agreed to buy the rights for \u00a3700,000, and released the film in its originally intended form. A solid critical hit, if not the commercial triumph of [PAR] Life of Brian [PAR] , it made Hoskins (previously best known for the BBC's [PAR] Pennies from Heaven [PAR] , 1978) a bona fide star. [PAR] Harrison and O'Brien next agreed to back [PAR] Time Bandits [PAR] (1981), [PAR] Terry Gilliam's [PAR] second solo feature. The first film HandMade had funded from the start, this elaborate fantasy achieved impressively lavish production values on a relatively small investment of \u00a34 million. More importantly, it was a surprise hit in the US, grossing over $40 million, and ensuring HandMade's future as a going concern. The Python connection was maintained with [PAR] The Missionary [PAR] (d. Richard Loncraine, 1981), written by and starring [PAR] Michael Palin [PAR] as a naively well-meaning cleric administering to \"fallen women\". [PAR] 1982 saw a stepping-up of HandMade's production ambitions. [PAR] Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl [PAR] (d. Terry Hughes) was a filmed record of a live show, and [PAR] Privates On Parade [PAR] in an adaptation of [PAR] Peter Nichols' [PAR] stage hit about an Army light entertainment troupe in Singapore in the late 1940s. Against this comedic backdrop, the relentlessly harsh [PAR] Scrubbers [PAR] (d. Mai Zetterling) seems out of place, but this study of life in a women's borstal came in the wake of the success-cum-notoriety of its male counterpart [PAR] Scum [PAR] (d. Alan Clarke, 1979), with which it shared a screenwriter. [PAR] After this, HandMade's output slowed to one release per year. [PAR] Bullshot [PAR] (d. Dick Clement, 1983) was the company's first serious critical and commercial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which movie holds the record for using the highest number ... first appearance - Which movie holds the record for using the highest number of extras in a scene? - Movies & TV Stack Exchange [PAR] Which movie holds the record for using the highest number of extras in a scene? [PAR] up vote 8 down vote favorite [PAR] 1 [PAR] Often they make use of extras in a movie scene typically for depicting a crowd, a stadium filled with people, a rally, a procession etc. [PAR] I want to know that in which movie the highest number of extras were used for filming a scene. [PAR] The record for most extras is with 1982 classic Gandhi , which used over 300,000 extras for the funeral scene. [PAR] IMDb Trivia snippet: [PAR] 300,000 extras appeared in the funeral sequence. About 200,000 were volunteers and 94,560 were paid a small fee (under contract). The sequence was filmed on 31st Jan 1981, the 33rd anniversary of Mohandas K. Gandhi's funeral. 11 crews shot over 20,000 feet of film, which was pared down to 125 seconds in the final release."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Hannay (Character) - IMDb Richard Hannay (Character) [PAR] Richard Hannay (Character) [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] From The 39 Steps (2008) (TV) [PAR] Richard Hannay : No one should involve themselves in intelligence work without a good breakfast. See more \u00bb [PAR] Update [PAR] You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process. [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] The Thirty-Nine Steps - Editor Eric The Greatest Literature of All Time - Movies: The Thirty-Nine Steps [PAR] [PAR] The Thirty-Nine Steps [PAR] The novel The Thirty-Nine Steps is a modern classic of the espionage and thriller genre and the movie The 39 Steps is a great Hitchcock film, also a classic of the espionage and thriller genre. Yet this first of three major film adaptations is nothing like the book. The main character played by Robert Donat (Goodbye, Mr. Chips) is still named Richard Hannay and he still goes on the lam in Scotland from both foreign spies and police who think he's murdered someone in London, just as in the book. But that's about the extent of the similarity between film and book. [PAR] In John Buchan's novel, Hannay had made his fortune in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe during colonial times) and is staying in England when a man in his building named Scudder tells him about an anarchist conspiracy to start war in the Balkans, this being just before the First World War. Scudder's murder leads to Hannay's flight, and he spends most of the novel playing cat and mouse with his pursuers in the highlands before he gets a government bigwig on his side and solves the mystery that has something to do with \"thirty-nine steps\". [PAR] More Hitchcock than Buchan [PAR] Hitchcock's The 39 Steps (1935) however starts with gunfire during a mentalist act by a performer called Mr. Memory. Hannay is now a visiting Canadian who takes home from the curtailed performance a mysterious woman, a Miss Annabella Smith, who reveals a Nazi plot to steal top-secret papers from Britain, this being before the Second World War. Her murder sends him scampering for his own life in Scotland where he is helped by two other women. One, played by blond-bombshell Madeleine Carroll, manages to get herself handcuffed to Hannay\ufffdleading to humourous and romantic complications. [PAR] In the end, Hannay returns to London and Mr. Memory to find a solution to the mystery that is altogether different from that of the book\ufffdentirely changing the significance of the title. No wonder the film's title (The 39 Steps) is spelled differently, using numerals instead of words. [PAR] All of which is to say, forget the book. This is a fun old movie. Somewhat dated of course, but Hitchcock knew what would make terrific drama for the audience of his time in his first great suspense thriller. He would make Secret Agent (again with Carroll as female lead) the next year and then Sabotage and The Lady Vanishes, among others, over the following three years in Britain before moving to Hollywood to make his most famous films. [PAR] Same idea many years later [PAR] This film though was remade more than two decades later, with Mr. Memory and many of the same plot elements that Hitchcock's writers had created. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trainspotting - Irvine Welsh - Google Books Trainspotting - Irvine Welsh - Google Books [PAR] Irvine Welsh [PAR] 19 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/Trainspotting.html?id=tDsmsXeVZyQC [PAR] Brace yourself, America, for Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting\u2014the novel and the film that became the cult sensations of Britain. Trainspotting is the novel that first launched Irvine Welsh's spectacular career\u2014an authentic, unrelenting, and strangely exhilarating episodic group portrait of blasted lives. It accomplished for its own time and place what Hubert Selby, Jr.'s Last Exit to Brooklyn did for his. Rents, Sick Boy, Mother Superior, Swanney, Spuds, and Seeker are as unforgettable a clutch of junkies, rude boys, and psychos as readers will ever encounter. Trainspotting was made into the 1996 cult film starring Ewan MacGregor and directed by Danny Boyle (A Shallow Grave). [PAR] [PAR] What people are saying - Write a review [PAR] User ratings [PAR] LibraryThing Review [PAR] User Review - qkennedy - LibraryThing [PAR] The crazy and deranged lifestyle of the characters in this book was absolutely shocking, however the content of their internal dialogue was thoroughly entertaining. A character would will the pages ... Read full review [PAR] Classic Class and Drugs Tale [PAR] User Review - marsattacks28 - Overstock.com [PAR] Saw the movie before I read the book and that was a shame because this book is great. Not to mention the original printing of this book was a plus. Way to go Overstock Read full review [PAR] Selected pages [PAR] The Skag Boys JeanClaude Van Damme and Mother [PAR] 3 [PAR] Scotland Takes Drugs In Psychic Defence The Glass [PAR] 95 [PAR] Inter Shitty Na Na and Other Nazis The First Shag [PAR] 153 [PAR] Courting Disaster Junk Dilemmas No 66 Deid Dugs [PAR] 177 [PAR] View all \u00bb [PAR] Common terms and phrases [PAR] All Book Search results &raquo; [PAR] About the author (2002) [PAR] Irvine Welsh was born in Edinburgh on September 27, 1958. After leaving school, he lived in London for awhile, but eventually returned to Edinburgh where he worked for the city council in the housing department. He received a degree in computer science and studied for an MBA at Heriot Watt University. His first novel, Trainspotting, was published in 1993 and was adapted as a film starring Ewan McGregor and Robert Carlyle in 1996. He became a full-time writer in August 1995. His other works include The Acid House (1994), Marabou Stork Nightmares (1995), Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance (1996), Filth (1998), Glue (2001), and Porno (2002). He also wrote the plays Headstate (1994) and You'll Have Had Your Hole (1998). [PAR] Bibliographic information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chariots of Fire (1981) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] The UK re-release of Chariots of Fire to coincide with the London Olympics gives us a golden opportunity to re-examine the film which revitalised the British film industry. Long after writer Colin Welland's fateful cry of \"The British are coming!\" at the Oscars, the film still stands as one of the defining moments in 1980s cinema, for better or worse. Neither the disappointment of Hugh Hudson's subsequent career, nor the seemingly endless stream of parodies and imitations, has tarnished what remains a truly great piece of British filmmaking. For those of us not caught up in the patriotic fervour of the Olympics, it would be tempting to dismiss Chariots of Fire as an outdated, backward piece of filmmaking. Lindsay Anderson, who has a supporting role in the film, was very scathing about the seeming resurgence of British filmmaking following its Oscar success. The pioneer of Free Cinema and the British New Wave claimed that, in their quest for international success, British films had abandoned the unique style and adventurous spirit that they had in the past. He remarked that \"the British came, but their first-class air fares were paid for in dollars.\" In spite of Anderson's comments, which carry more than a grain of truth, it is very difficult to come out of Chariots of Fire without having had one's spirits even slightly raised. While the tone of Hudson's film is light and respectful, not to say uplifting, it scores over many subsequent epics on the grounds that it actually has something to say. It even knocks Gandhi into a cocked hat by giving us characters to admire without holding them at arms' length. It wants us to understand the history through the pleasures and pains of the people who made it, not by remonstrating about the reputations they accrued. David Puttnam once described Chariots of Fire as being essentially about \"Christianity and Judaism, getting on\". He wanted to make a film about the relationship between the Abrahamic faiths, at a time when anti-Semitism was as rife in British culture as Christianity was strong. The film depicts these anti-Semitic tendencies very delicately, with a series of barbed off-hand comments about Harold Abrahams \"not going to be singing in the church choir\" or being \"semi-deprived\" because of his background. But Hudson is also careful not to labour the point, playing on the absurdity of his predicament in the restaurant scene, where Sybil accidentally orders two plates of pigs' trotters. The film shows a great amount of reverence for the respective faiths of the central characters. While it doesn't ask the kind of deep, difficult spiritual questions that something like Shadowlands does, nor does it shy away from demonstrating the problems that come from such devotion, whether it be Eric's quarrels with Jennie about missionary work or his refusal to run on the Sabbath. In an age where religious belief is dismissed as always being irrational, idiotic or rooted in hatred, it is refreshing to see a depiction of religious belief (be it Christian, Jewish or otherwise) which recognises the good intentions of the people upholding those beliefs and the positive impact which they can have on one's character and works. Alongside its examination of the practical workings of faith, Chariots of Fire also tackles the issue of sportsmanship and the reasons why people may represent their country, whether in the track and field or on the battlefield. Both Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams have multiple motivations which lead them to run for Britain. Neither of them are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Letter to Brezhnev (1985) Romantic Comedy | 1 hour and 32 ... Letter to Brezhnev (1985) - Cast, Ratings, Awards [PAR] Letter to Brezhnev [PAR] Letter to Brezhnev (1985) Romantic Comedy | 1 hour and 32 minutes [PAR] Be the first to review [PAR] Smart Rating [PAR] Director: Chris Bernard [PAR] In this English romantic comedy, two young women in Thatcher-era Liverpool, Elaine (Alexandra Pigg) and Teresa (Margi Clarke), meet a pair of Soviet sailors, Peter (Peter Firth) and Sergei (Alfred Molina), who are on shore leave. While Teresa and Sergei seem content to have a carefree night, Elaine and Peter fall in love, leading to heartbreak when the officers have to return to duty on their ship. Can Elaine find a way to escape her gritty working-class surroundings and reunite with Peter? [PAR] See All Movies [PAR] Did You Like The Movie? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] More Movies With Alexandra Pigg [PAR] How famous is the cast of \"Letter to Brezhnev\"? [PAR] PrettyFamous Score [PAR] The PrettyFamous score quantifies the fame of the film's cast members based on the number of awards the actors and actresses have ever been nominated for, combined box office gross of all the movies the actors and actresses have been in, and the current internet popularity of the cast. [PAR] Ranking Every George Clooney Movie from Worst to First [PAR] PrettyFamous looked at Clooney's entire filmography (excluding TV movies and documentaries) and ranked each film from his worst to his best. [PAR] 7 minute read \u203a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Hannah Interviews - 1998 John Hannah Interviews - 1998 [PAR] At his most disarming [PAR] Somaliland and World Media [PAR] Actor John Hannah uses celebrity to oppose the arms trade. He tells ANN DONALD of his stance [PAR] THE woman next to me says: \"He's not just a pretty face. He's quite a politically motivated person, you know.\" The character summation is directed towards a shady looking man lurking beside a drainpipe in a long coat. Looking younger than his 35 years, East Kilbride actor John Hannah could be posing for an upmarket gent's magazine fashion shoot. Grey Crombie, sleek leather boots, silver chain, and subtle pinstripe trousers that wouldn't go amiss in a Savile Row tailor. An Edinburgh alleyway provides the perfect seedy backdrop. [PAR] However, preening and personal promotion are not on the agenda today. What is certainly up for grabs on the conversational menu is Oxfam. Specifically Hannah's part in publicising the charity's Cut Conflict Campaign. Its aim - \"for restrictive international codes of conduct to stem the flow of small arms and weapons to areas where they are likely to kill civilians\". The Government is being targeted in an attempt to persuade it to implement a strong Code of Conduct on arms sales as part of its much-vaunted ethical foreign policy. The campaign has struck a chord with the McCallum star which is why he is willing to play the awkward media game of talking and posing down alleyways. Upstairs in the tiny attic that doubles as Oxfam's Edinburgh base, the actor is sitting with his back to the overblown poster depicting a broken gun amid a frightening stockpile. The facts and figures of the campaign flow easily from Hannah. \"You're an actor so it's easier for you to learn\" comments the Oxfam woman. It's true, Hannah is obviously well-versed in the politicised and emotive language of change, and is more than eloquent in voicing his opinions. The phrases \"non-specific politically motivated\" and \"the West's desire to profit from arms\" roll easily into conversation. [PAR] But to question the actor's motives for his involvement would be peevish at least, and downright offensive at worst. 'This is no passing interest or some kind of sop for my conscience:' he asserts. Yet, his attitude to charities remains unresolved \"What made a difference for me is that this campaign is pro-active:' he declares. \"I think that a lot of organisations learnt a lot of lessons in the eighties where previously they perhaps threw money and aid at an emergency situation but ultimately it didn't create a framework for people to rebuild that infrastructure.\" Oxfam, he feels, is different. [PAR] \"It is more concerned with the long-term reduction of conflict not just in Somaliland but throughout the world where there are still 30 wars going on today\" His commitment to the charity began with the voice-overs for its TV ads, deploying the gravitas so moving in Four Weddings, and most recently he has just returned from a l0-day fact-finding mission to Somaliland. He is still distilling what was an \"overwhelming\" experience. Perched awkwardly on a chair, the actor skates over a brief history of a country which is still trying to rebuild itself after the civil war which left tens of thousands dead and poverty a fact of life. He says: \"Somaliland got its independence from Britain in 1960 and joined up with Somalia, and they had nine years of secure democracy under a president who tried to decommission what was a huge stockpile of arms. This arose from the strategic importance of the country during the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 55 Killer Opening Lines That Kicked Off Amazing Songs ... 55 Killer Opening Lines That Kicked Off Amazing Songs - NME [PAR] NME [PAR] 11:22 am - Mar 2, 2015 [PAR] 0shares [PAR] 0shares [PAR] The first line of a track is crucial. In a few words a songwriter needs to set up a story and a mood that will keep the listener engaged, especially in today\u2019s attention-deficit world. From St Vincent to Prince and Jay-Z to The Kinks, here\u2019s 55 of the most memorable opening lines in song. [PAR] 1/55 [PAR] \u201cI don\u2019t believe in an interventionist god / but I know darling that you do.\u201d [PAR] Somehow Nick Cave manages to combine the wildly romantic with the nerdy and weirdly theological at the outset of \u2018Into My Arms\u2019. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 2/55 [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s so relieving / To know that you\u2019re leaving as soon as you get paid.\u201d [PAR] Kurt Cobain could be catty when he wanted to be, and on \u2018Frances Farmer Will Have Her Revenge on Seattle\u2019 he laid out his stall and his opprobrium from the very beginning. [PAR] Credit: Getty [PAR] 3/55 [PAR] \u201cOh what an ordinary day / Take out the garbage, masturbate.\u201d [PAR] It might have sounded like a throwaway description of a Groundhog situation, but this one line received more column inches than any other Annie Clark has written thus far. Thankfully St Vincent\u2019s genius is so vast that people find plenty of other things to talk about her too. [PAR] Credit: Shamil Tanna/NME [PAR] 4/55 [PAR] \u201cWhat kind of fuckery is this? / You made me miss the Slick Rick gig.\u201d [PAR] It\u2019s hard to imagine anyone being too fussed about a Slick Rick gig these days, but the frustration is still palpable when you hear this line, and funny too. The jazzy little number \u2018Me & Mr Jones\u2019 was apparently about Amy Winehouse\u2019s friend, the New York rapper, Nas. [PAR] Credit: Dean Chalkley/NME [PAR] 5/55 [PAR] \u201cTrudging slowly over wet sand / Back to the bench / Where your clothes were stolen.\u201d [PAR] Morrissey perfectly conveys the misery, the ennui and the petty irritation one can feel trapped in a British seaside town on his great single \u2018 Every Day Is Like Sunday\u2019. [PAR] Credit: Getty [PAR] 6/55 [PAR] \u201cAs they pulled you out of the oxygen tent, you asked for the latest party.\u201d [PAR] By 1974 the glam rock party was waning, and one of its progenitors David Bowie was immersing himself in art rock and a concept album about a dystopian future. \u2018Diamond Dogs\u2019 still rocked in a glamorous kind of way though. [PAR] Credit: Getty [PAR] 2014Kanyewest_Runaway_press_231214 copy [PAR] \u201cFor my theme song / my leather black jeans on.\u201d [PAR] A brilliant track with a killer opening line, Kanye was at his most focused on \u2018Black Skinhead\u2019, which playfully inverted racial stereotypes and presented them in way that was as thought-provoking as it was confrontational. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 8/55 [PAR] \u201cIn France a skinny man died of a big disease with a little name.\u201d [PAR] Prince wrote with sensitivity and insight on \u2018Sign o\u2019 the Times\u2019, moved as he was by the day\u2019s bete noires. The big disease with the little name everyone was talking about was of course AIDS. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 9/55 [PAR] \u201cLike a bird on the wire / like a drunk in a midnight choir / I have tried in my way to be free.\u201d [PAR] Few if any can lay claim to the incredible innate ability Leonard Cohen has with words. He effortlessly elevates mere lyrics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Bailey - Black Books Wikia - Wikia Bill Bailey | Black Books Wikia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Bailey was born on January 13, 1964 , in Bath and was raised in Keynsham, a town between Bath and Bristol. The only child of a hospital ward sister and a general practitioner, he lived in a house which also doubled as his father's surgery. Bailey attended King Edward's School in Bath, in which he was considered a gifted student with a skill for learning. However, at the age of 15, he began to drift away from acedemics and towards music and performing in the school band, Behind Closed Doors. [PAR] However, he remained in school and was the only student to study A-level music and passed with an A-grade. He was also a talented sportsmen, and was captain of the KES 2nd XI cricket team in 1982 . He earned his nickname Bill by his music teacher, Ian Phillips, as he was so good as playing the song, Won't You Come Home, Bill Bailey. After school, he briefly attended Westfield College, however, he left a year later. [PAR] In his earlier years, he performed with a band entitled The Famous Five, who Bailey admits was very bad and unusually had only four members. However, he continued to pursue a career in music and received an Associateship Diploma from the London College of Music as well as being made an honorary member of the Society of Crematorium Organists. However, he always felt an urge to add jokes and comedy into his musical performances, which influenced him to pursue a career in comedy. [PAR] He had a variety of jobs before becoming a comedian, including a hotel lounge pianist, a crementorium organist and a musician for a mind-reading dog, and even claims to have been a door-to-door door salesman. [PAR] Career in stand-up comedy [PAR] Edit [PAR] Bailey began to perform stand-up comedy, and toured the country with comedians such as Mark Lamarr. In 1986, he formed a comedy double act with fellow King Edward's School pupil Toby Longworth, who was later replaced by Martin Stubbs in 1988. They achieved a certain amount of success in the comedy circuit with their off-the-wall musical act, and followed a rigourous schedule, sometimes performing three or four gigs a night. It was here that Bailey developed his own unique style of comedy, with musical parodies and disections of various traditional jokes. When a critic complained that the act was short on jokes, Bailey returned to the stage the following night and performed a routine comprised entirely of punchlines. [PAR] After Stubbs left the act, Bailey joined fellow comedian Sean Lock, and performed a show entitled Rock, about an aging rockstar and his roadie. The show did not prove popular and Bailey turned solo in 1995 and started performing his one-man show, Cosmic Jam. This time, the show impressed audiences, and was recorded at the Bloomsbury Theatre in London and was later broadcasted in 1996 on Channel 4. Only after Bailey earned international status was the show released on DVD in 2005. [PAR] After winning a Time Out, he was nominated for a Perrier Award, and was beaten by Black Books co-star Dylan Moran by the narrowest margin in the award's history. Bailey went on to win the Best Live Stand-Up award at the British Comedy Awards in 1999. [PAR] In 2001, Bailey toured the globe with his sell-out tour, Bewilderness, which thrusted him into the public eye and earned him a wide fanbase. In the show, Bailey parodied such theme"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From Blur To Bowie, 18 Ingenious Music Moments Inspired By ... From Blur To Bowie, 18 Ingenious Music Moments Inspired By Stanley Kubrick Movies - NME [PAR] NME [PAR] 4:54 pm - Nov 27, 2014 [PAR] 0shares [PAR] 0shares [PAR] 1/19 [PAR] Stanley Kubrick is the flavour of the month right now \u2013 \u2018Barry Lyndon\u2019 is set for a BFI re-release and there\u2019s a new Kubrick-inspired exhibition at Somerset House. To celebrate, we\u2019ve delved into history to find out what influence his movies had on music. Here\u2019s a guide to how Kubrick\u2019s spell has spilled out into rock, pop and hip-hop\u2026 [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 2/19 [PAR] Blur\u2019s \u2018The Universal\u2019 video [PAR] Blur\u2019s \u2018The Universal\u2019 video: An obvious one to kick us off, paying deft homage to the iconic opening scene of \u2018A Clockwork Orange\u2019, in the film\u2019s Korova Milk Bar. Shout out to Damon for nailing the movie\u2019s violent leading man Alex\u2019s eye makeup and crooked smiles to the camera, while his \u2018droog\u2019 bandmates linger ominously in the background. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 3/19 [PAR] Guns N\u2019 Roses\u2019 \u2018Welcome To The Jungle\u2019 video: [PAR] Guns N\u2019 Roses\u2019 \u2018Welcome To The Jungle\u2019 video: In which a straight-jacket-clad Axl Rose is strapped to a device that stretches his eyelids open, forcing him to absorb the TV images of horror in front of him? Sound familiar? It should do to anyone who\u2019s sat through the gristly second half of \u2018A Clockwork Orange\u2019. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 4/19 [PAR] Kanye West\u2019s \u2018Runaway\u2019 [PAR] Kanye West\u2019s \u2018Runaway\u2019: Yeezy\u2019s sprawling \u2018\u2026Dark Twisted Fantasy\u2019 highlight was directly inspired by the angsty eroticism of Kubrick\u2019s last film. Kanye posted screencaps from the movie on Twitter during its recording while the austere piano motif threaded through the track is borrowed from the score: check out 1.53 in this video if you don\u2019t believe us . [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 5/19 [PAR] Heaven 17 [PAR] Heaven 17: Another easy one. Early \u201980s Sheffield new wavers Heaven 17 took their name from one of the fictional bands in Kubrick\u2019s \u2018A Clockwork Orange\u2019 and Anthony Burgess\u2019 source novel \u2013 they\u2019re mentioned at being number 4 in the charts with as Alex roams a record shop with a song called \u2018Inside\u2019. [PAR] Credit: Getty [PAR] 6/19 [PAR] Pink Floyd, \u2018Echoes\u2019 and \u20182001\u2019 synchronisation rumours [PAR] Pink Floyd, \u2018Echoes\u2019 and \u20182001\u2019 synchronisation rumours: Much like \u2018Dark Side Of The Moon\u2019 is said to sync up with \u2018The Wizard of Oz\u2019, a long-standing rumour among prog fans is \u2018Echoes\u2019 was written to fit the chilling \u2018Infinite\u2019 scene in \u20182001\u2019. The band denied it, but later confessed they deeply admired Kubrick and would have loved to soundtrack one of his cinematic masterworks. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 7/19 [PAR] Slipknot\u2019s \u2018Spit it Out\u2019 video [PAR] Slipknot\u2019s \u2018Spit it Out\u2019 video: How better to announce your band as new kings of primal horror-rock than with a video channeling the terror of what\u2019s pretty universally agreed upon as the most chilling horror film ever made? One of the Iowa group\u2019s earliest video was a neat remake of \u2018The Shining\u2019 \u2013 creepy twins and all. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR] 8/19 [PAR] The Ramones\u2019 \u2018Too Tough To Die\u2019 sleeve [PAR] The Ramones\u2019 \u2018Too Tough To Die\u2019 sleeve: \u201cJohnny [Ramone] wanted a picture that would evoke memories of the gang in \u2018A Clockwork Orange\u2019,\u201d photographer George DuBose said in 2005 of his shot for the New Yorkers\u2019 eighth album. Thus a dark, starkly illuminated shot that recalls both the movie\u2019s otherworldly blue-hued night sequences and the tunnel in which Alex\u2019s gang beat a homeless man. [PAR] Credit: Press [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tyler Perry's Hell Hath No Fury Like A Woman Scorned The ... Tyler Perry's Hell Hath No Fury Like A Woman Scorned The Play - Trailer - YouTube [PAR] Tyler Perry's Hell Hath No Fury Like A Woman Scorned The Play - Trailer [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Sep 15, 2014 [PAR] Anita is successful, single woman who has it all - a great job, a loving family, and the ability to pay for her baby sister's wedding. According to her best friend, however, there's only one thing missing\u2026the love of a good man. At her friend's insistence, she meets the seemingly perfect man online and all seems well, until he convinces her to get married in Las Vegas and her life quickly spirals out of control. Can she regain the upper hand, or will the tides turn for the worse? [PAR] License[DOC] [TLE] William Congreve - Wikiquote William Congreve - Wikiquote [PAR] William Congreve [PAR] I find we are growing serious , and then we are in great danger of being dull. [PAR] Ah! Whither, whither shall I fly, [PAR] A poor unhappy Maid; [PAR] To hopeless Love and Misery [PAR] By my own Heart betray\u2019d? [PAR] Careless she is with artful care, [PAR] Affecting to seem unaffected. [PAR] Invention flags, his brain goes muddy, [PAR] And black despair succeeds brown study. [PAR] \"An Impossible Thing\", line 105 (1720) [PAR] Defer not till tomorrow to be wise, [PAR] Tomorrow's sun to thee may never rise. [PAR] \"Letter to Cobham\", line 61. Compare: \"Be wise to-day, 't is madness to defer\", Edward Young , Night Thoughts, Night i. line 390 [PAR] In my conscience I believe the baggage loves me, for she never speaks well of me herself, nor suffers any body else to rail at me. [PAR] Act I, scene iii [PAR] Hannibal was a very pretty fellow in those days. [PAR] Act II, scene 2 [PAR] I find we are growing serious, and then we are in great danger of being dull. [PAR] Act II, scene vii [PAR] Eternity was in that moment. [PAR] Act IV, scene vii [PAR] If this be not love, it is madness, and then it is pardonable. [PAR] Act IV, scene x [PAR] Men are apt to offend ('tis true) where they find most goodness to forgive. [PAR] Act IV, scene xi [PAR] Thus grief still treads upon the heels of pleasure; [PAR] Married in haste, we may repent at leisure. [PAR] Act V, scene viii. Compare: \"Who wooed in haste, and means to wed at leisure\", William Shakespeare , The Taming of the Shrew, Act iii, scene 2 [PAR] Thou liar of the first magnitude. [PAR] Act II, scene ii [PAR] I warrant you, if he danced till doomsday , he thought I was to pay the piper. [PAR] Act II, scene ii [PAR] Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, thou liar of the first magnitude. [PAR] Act II, scene v [PAR] I came up stairs into the world , for I was born in a cellar. [PAR] Act II, scene vii; comparable to: \"Born in a cellar, and living in a garret\", Samuel Foote , The Author, act 2; \"Born in the garret, in the kitchen bred\", Lord Byron , A Sketch [PAR] O fie, miss,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film @ The Digital Fix - Hellraiser: Limited Edition 4 ... Hellraiser: Limited Edition 4-disc Lament Configuration Box | DVD Review | Film @ The Digital Fix [PAR] Hellraiser: Limited Edition 4-disc Lament Configuration Box [PAR] By Kevin Gilvear Kevin Gilvear [PAR] Film [PAR] Extras [PAR] Extras [PAR] #Audio Commentaries, #Featurettes, #Interviews, #Trailers and TV Spots, #Still Galleries, #Screensaver, #Draft Script (DVD-Rom), #Easter Egg [PAR] Soundtracks [PAR] English 2.0, English 5.1, English DTS [PAR] Subtitles [PAR] English for the Hard of Hearing. [PAR] I exhausted myself bringing you this review so you better appreciate it you pinheads. :DKev [PAR] The face of horror changed in 1987 when author Clive Barker made his impressive debut as director when he unveiled Hellraiser to the world. Based upon his short story The Hellbound Heart the film told of pain, pleasure, desire and everything one would do to attain the delights each can offer. [PAR] It wasn't just the gory effects that grabbed attention, what made the film truly memorable was the introduction of Barker's Cenobites - creatures from hell, who have chosen to sacrifice their bodies, contort and abuse them in the pursuit of ultimate pleasure. They explore and experience things that no man has ever dreamed, until the cursed box is placed in hand, the lament configuration which has formed one of the main staples within the Hellraiser mythology. [PAR] The success of the first film ensured a successful sequel, and another, and another. To date there are eight films in total and the franchise doesn't look as though it is going to slow down any time soon. The series of films have turned the Cenobites into cinematic, horror icons, the likes of which have never been seen since. Clive Barker's extraordinary visions have disturbed and entertained for years and he has clearly demonstrated over time that he deserved to be labelled one of the greatest masters of modern horror. [PAR] For the first time on UK DVD fans can enjoy Hellraiser, Hellbound: Hellraiser II and Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth completely un-cut, along with a slew of great extras. So I hope those of you reading will enjoy my reviews and subsequent break down of each disc from Anchor Bay\ufffds simply marvellous collection. Let's begin. [PAR] Hellraiser (1987) 93 Minutes. [PAR] Starring: Andrew Robinson, Clare Higgins, Ashley Laurence, Sean Chapman, Oliver Smith, Robert Hines, Doug Bradley, and Grace Kirby. [PAR] Directed by: Clive Barker. [PAR] Frank Cotton (Sean Chapman) thought he had experienced everything, but none of his desires can equal the fate that awaits him. Soon after purchasing a mysterious puzzle box he takes it home to unlock its hidden secrets. Upon solving the puzzle the box opens the gateway from hell and Frank is met by its inhabitants - the Cenobites, who literally tear his soul apart. [PAR] Some time passes and Frank's older brother, Larry (Andrew Robinson) moves into the very same house with his wife, Julia (Clare Higgins). They discover that Frank had been living there at some point but has since fled. Larry's daughter, Kirsty (Ashley Laurence) visits him and Julia, her step-mother with whom she shares an awkward relationship but insists on making an effort to get along for her dad\ufffds sake. While moving in furniture, Larry accidentally cuts his hand on a nail, seeping into the floorboards of the third floor room the blood awakens Frank's body, much to Julia's horror as she is the one to make the gruesome discovery. Frank has a favour to ask of Julia and it's not going to end pretty. [PAR] Hellraiser must have the quickest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK MUSIC CHARTS , No.1 Singles - BITTER SUITE BAND UK MUSIC CHARTS, No.1 Singles [PAR] 1: Al Martino - Here In My Heart - 14/11/1952. [PAR] 1953 [PAR] 2: Jo Stafford : You Belong To Me - 16/1/1953 [PAR] 3: Kay Starr : Comes A-Long A-Love - 23/1/1953. [PAR] 4: Eddie Fisher: Outside Of Heaven - 30/1/1953. [PAR] Feb [PAR] 5: Perry Como: Don't Let The Stars Get In Your Eyes - 6/2/1953 [PAR] March [PAR] 6: Guy Mitchell: She Wears Red Feathers - 13/3/1953 [PAR] April [PAR] 7: Stargazers: Broken Wings - 10/4/1953 [PAR] 8: Lita Roza: (How Much Is) That Doggie In The Window - 17/4/1953 [PAR] 9: Frankie Laine: I Believe - 24/4/1953 [PAR] June [PAR] 10: Eddie Fisher: I'm Walking Behind You - 26/6/1953 [PAR] Aug [PAR] 11: Mantovani Song: from 'The Moulin Rouge' - 14/8/1953 [PAR] Sept [PAR] 12: Guy Mitchell: Look At That Girl - 11/9/1953 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 13: Frankie Laine: Hey Joe - 23/10/1953 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 14: David Whitfield: Answer Me - 6/11/1953 [PAR] 15: Frankie Laine: Answer Me - 13/11/1953 [PAR] 1954 [PAR] 16: Eddie Calvert: Oh Mein Papa 8/1/1954 [PAR] March [PAR] 17: Stargazers: I See The Moon 12/3/1954. [PAR] April [PAR] 18: Doris Day: Secret Love 16/4/1954 [PAR] 19: Johnnie Ray: Such A Night 30/4/1954 [PAR] July [PAR] 20: David Whitfield: Cara Mia 2/7/1954 [PAR] Sept [PAR] 21: Kitty Kallen: Little Things Mean A Lot 10/9/1954 [PAR] 22: Frank Sinatra: Three Coins In The Fountain 17/9/1954 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 23: Don Cornell: Hold My Hand 8/10/1954 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 24: Vera Lynn: My Son My Son 5/11/1954 [PAR] 25: Rosemary Clooney: This Ole House 26/11/1954 [PAR] Dec [PAR] 26: Winifred Atwell: Let's Have Another Party 3/12/1954 [PAR] 1955 [PAR] 27: Dickie Valentine: Finger Of Suspicion 7/1/1955. [PAR] 28: Rosemary Clooney: Mambo Italiano 14/1/1955 [PAR] Feb [PAR] 29: Ruby Murray: Softly, Softly 18/2/1955 [PAR] March [PAR] 30: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Give Me Your Word, 11/3/1955 [PAR] April [PAR] 31: Perez Prez Prado & His Orchestra: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 29/4/1955 [PAR] May [PAR] 32: Tony Bennett: Stranger In Paradise 13/5/1955 [PAR] 33: Eddie Calvert: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 27/5/1955 [PAR] June [PAR] 34: Jimmy Young: Unchained Melody 24/6/1955 [PAR] July [PAR] 35: Alma Cogan: Dreamboat 15/7/1955 [PAR] 36: Slim Whitman: Rose Marie 29/7/1955 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 37: Jimmy Young: The Man From Laramie 14/10/1955 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 38: Johnston Brothers: Hernando's Hideaway 11/11/1955 [PAR] 39: Bill Haley & His Comets: Rock Around The Clock 25/11/1955 [PAR] Dec [PAR] 40: Dickie Valentine: Christmas Alphabet 16/12/1955 [PAR] 1956 [PAR] 41: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Sixteen Tons 20/1/1956. [PAR] Feb [PAR] 42: Dean Martin: Memories Are Made Of This 17/2/1956 [PAR] March [PAR] 43: Dream Weavers: It's Almost Tomorrow 16/3/1956 [PAR] 44: Kay Starr: Rock And Roll Waltz 30/3/1956 [PAR] April [PAR] 45: Winifred Atwell: Poor People Of Paris 13/4/1956 [PAR] May [PAR] 46: Ronnie Hilton: No Other Love 4/5/1956 [PAR] June [PAR] 47: Pat Boone: I'll Be Home 15/6/1956 [PAR] July [PAR] 48: Frankie Lymon And The Teenagers - Why Do Fools Fall in Love 20/7/1956 [PAR] Aug [PAR] 49: Doris Day - Whatever Will Be Will Be (Que Sera, Sera) 10/8/1956 [PAR] Sept [PAR] 50: Anne Shelton - Lay Down Your Arms 21/9/1956 [PAR] Oct [PAR] 51: Frankie Laine - A Woman In Love 19/10/1956 [PAR] Nov [PAR] 52: Johnnie Ray - Just Walking In The Rain 16/11/1956 [PAR] 1957 [PAR] 53: Guy Mitchell.. Singing The Blues 4/1/1957 [PAR] 54: Tommy Steele.. Singing The Blues 11/1/1957 [PAR] 55: Frankie Vaughan.. The Garden Of Eden"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Snagglepuss - Hanna-Barbera Wiki - Wikia Snagglepuss | Hanna-Barbera Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] So much for \"See 7 States from Rock City\" (the barn quilts around Caledonia, MN) [PAR] So many bars. so little time (the 3rd Street bar district in LaCrosse, WI and the \"bar jacket\" culture so surrounding) [PAR] Eat your heart out, Walmart; Family Dollar, even (as in discovering Horsfall's Variety Store in Lansing, IA; reference is made to Scoots of the Cattanooga Cats and his Magic Crayon) [PAR] Imagination DOES exist beyond Disneyland (The House on the Rock, Spring Green, WI; first encounter with another Hanna-Barbera character on the side--in this instance, The King from Heyyy, It's the King!) [PAR] The last easy-listening station on the radio? (wherein Our Host discovers the easy-listening tones of KNXR-FM in Rochester, MN--and encountering Mr. Jinx in treatment at the Mayo Clinic in that same city, over luncheon) [PAR] A most unlikely venue in the annals of rock, and in an equally-unlikely place (as in the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, IA; the Cattanooga Cats are performing there as well during Snagglepuss' visit) [PAR] \"But then again, it's all about the water\" (which finds Snagglepuss in Iowa's Lake Okoboji region ... as well as finding his cousin, Snaggletooth, running an \"old school\" resort on East Lake Okoboji) [PAR] Least Unlikely(?) to Play the Corn Palace (as finds Snagglepuss at the Corn Palace in Mitchell, SD, crossing paths with The Banana Splits in the bargain) [PAR] Corny signs, Free Ice Water, 5-cent coffee--and what else exactly? (wherein we find Snagglepuss at the Wall Drug Store in Wall, SD--with Ricochet Rabbit and Droopalong Coyote encountered in the bargain) [PAR] Try not to laugh at the very name of Duluth for once (as finds Snagglepuss in Duluth, MN, where he encounters the CB Bears with somewhat funsensical consequences) [PAR] Highway 61 Not Yet Revisited (with apologies to Bob Dylan) (as continues his previous such with the CB Bears, only this time along the North Shore of Lake Superior and unto the Gunflint Trail in northern Minnesota's Boundary Waters region) [PAR] Cold enough for you, or not so? (finding Our Boy in \"the Icebox of the Nation,\" none other than International Falls, MN--with Crazy Claws in the bargain) [PAR] So this is where it all begins? (at the headwaters of the Mississippi River, Itasca State Park, MN--with Huckleberry Hound as well) [PAR] So this is what Main Street must be like (finding Snagglepuss at the Original Main Street in Sauk Centre, MN, as immortalised by Sinclair Lewis--with Motormouse and Autocat in the bargain, it turns out) [PAR] The bread which built a university (discovering the legendary \"Johnnie Bread\" from St. John's University in Collegeville, MN--and the fact of several fellow Hanna-Barberians, especially the Speed Buggy crew, taking a shine to it) [PAR] Somewhat (literally) cheesy (a stop at the retail outlet of the Bongards [MN] Creamery turns into a choice encounter with Atom Ant being able to hold up several boxes of its process cheese loaf) [PAR] Powah Shopping to Da Max (finding him at the Mall of America in Bloomington, MN alongside some of Hanna-Barbera's female types on a shopping [mis]adventure galore) [PAR] Looking for a lost love in a most unlikely milieu (as in discovering his long-lost girlfriend Lyla during a tubing trip down the Apple River near Somerset, WI) [PAR] Trying not to be cheesy in Wisconsin (obviously) (with a choice run-in unto Hokey Wolf and Ding-A-Ling in Colby, WI--as in Colby cheese, naturally--seeking advice on setting up a not-so-campy cheese shop) [PAR] A most mysteriously"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ron Perlman - IMDb Ron Perlman - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Producer | Soundtrack [PAR] Ron Perlman is a classically-trained actor who has appeared in countless stage plays, feature films and television productions. Ronald N. Perlman was born April 13, 1950 in Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York. His mother, Dorothy (Rosen), is retired from the City Clerk's Office. His father, Bertram \"Bert\" Perlman, now deceased, was a repairman ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Hellboy III: Guillermo Del Toro To Meet With Actor Ron Perlman & Artist Mike Mignola [PAR] 3 hours ago | LRMonline.com [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 14 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 30 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 people [PAR] created 04 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 25 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Ron Perlman's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 4 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2015 Fallout 4 (Video Game) [PAR] Anchorman (voice) [PAR] 2015 The Blacklist (TV Series) [PAR] Luther Braxton [PAR] 2013 Payday 2 (Video Game) [PAR] Rust (voice) [PAR] 2013 Peter Panzerfaust (TV Series) [PAR] Captain Haken [PAR] 2011-2012 American Dad! (TV Series) [PAR] Colonel / Monster Hunter [PAR] 2010 Fallout: New Vegas (Video Game) [PAR] Narrator (voice) [PAR] 2008 Fallout 3 (Video Game) [PAR] Narrator (voice) [PAR] - The Avatar and the Firelord (2007) ... Firelord Sozin / Additional Voices (voice) [PAR] 2007 Conan (Video Game) [PAR] 2006 Welcome to Wackamo (TV Movie) [PAR] Max (voice) [PAR] 2005 What's New, Scooby-Doo? (TV Series) [PAR] Russian Inspector / Joe / Frozen Fiend [PAR] - Diamonds Are a Ghouls Best Friend (2005) ... Russian Inspector / Joe / Frozen Fiend (voice) [PAR] 2005 Narc (Video Game) [PAR] 2003 Static Shock (TV Series) [PAR] Heavyman / Dr. Koenig [PAR] 2000 Jackie Chan Adventures (TV Series) [PAR] Karl Nivor [PAR] 2000 The Wild Thornberrys (TV Series) [PAR] Wild Horse [PAR] 2000 Operation Sandman (TV Movie) [PAR] Dr. Harlan Jessup [PAR] 1999 Family Law (TV Series) [PAR] Roy [PAR] 1998 Godzilla: The Series (TV Series) [PAR] Leviathan Alien / Ship Captain [PAR] 1997 Perversions of Science (TV Series) [PAR] 40132 [PAR] 1997 Tracey Takes On... (TV Series) [PAR] Stuart [PAR] 1996 Wing Commander Academy (TV Series) [PAR] Daimon Karnes [PAR] 1995 Mr. Stitch (TV Movie) [PAR] Doctor Frederick Texarian [PAR] 1995 Picture Windows (TV Series) [PAR] Gambler [PAR] 1994-1995 Phantom 2040 (TV Series) [PAR] Graft [PAR] 1995 Original Sins (TV Movie) [PAR] Chas Bradley [PAR] 1994 The Cisco Kid (TV Movie) [PAR] Lt. Col. Delacroix [PAR] 1993 Arly Hanks (TV Movie) [PAR] Jim-Bob Buchanan [PAR] 1992 Blind Man's Bluff (TV Movie) [PAR] Frank Cerrillo [PAR] 1986 Miami Vice (TV Series) [PAR] John Ruger [PAR] 1985 Our Family Honor (TV Series) [PAR] Bausch [PAR] 1985 MacGruder and Loud (TV Series) [PAR] Attorney [PAR] 1985 The Fall Guy (TV Series) [PAR] Thug [PAR] 1979 Ryan's Hope (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Bernie Marx [PAR] - Episode #1.1041 (1979) ... Dr. Bernie Marx [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2014 Elwood (Short) (executive producer) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1998 An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island (Video) (performer: \"Friends of the Working Mouse\") [PAR] 1993 Animaniacs (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Dough Dough Boys/Boot Camping/General Boo-Regard (1993) ... (performer: \"Do Your Ears Hang Low?\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1993 Cronos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harlem Globetrotters bringing 'Fans Rule' Tour to Arena ... Harlem Globetrotters bringing 'Fans Rule' Tour to Arena | Infinite Energy Center [PAR] Harlem Globetrotters bringing 'Fans Rule' Tour to Arena [PAR] By: Deanna Allen [PAR] Published: Thursday, March 13, 2014 [PAR] Brother Bones\u2019 whistled version of \u201cSweet Georgia Brown\u201d \u2014 the Harlem Globetrotters\u2019 signature song \u2014 will be heard throughout the Arena at Gwinnett Center on Saturday. [PAR] The exhibition basketball team, which combines athleticism, theater and comedy, will entertain Gwinnett fans with a game at 7:30 p.m. as the Globetrotters\u2019 Blue Team brings the 2014 \u201cFans Rule\u201d World Tour to the Arena. [PAR] Before fans head out to the game, they have the opportunity to go online to www.harlemglobetrotters.com/rule and vote for a new rule that will be added to the game each quarter. [PAR] \u201cThe fourth quarter is a live vote based on applause,\u201d Globetrotter Buckets Blakes said. [PAR] New rules include the following: [PAR] \u2022 Make or Miss \u2014 This quarter starts with two players from each team. In order to get more players on the court the teams need to score. Each time a team scores, another player from that team may enter the court. However, for every shot the team misses they lose a player. [PAR] \u2022 Hot Hand Jersey \u2014 Both teams will have a hot hand jersey they can pass among each other to wear during this quarter. The player wearing the jersey will be awarded double points when they score. [PAR] \u2022 Trick Shot Challenge \u2014 Each team has three trick shot challenges during the quarter. If the team makes the trick shot challenge they get 5 points. If they miss, the other team gets the 5 points. [PAR] \u2022 6 on 5 \u2014 Five Globetrotters will play six opponents. [PAR] \u2022 TWO Ball Basketball \u2014 Globetrotter basketball played with two balls at the same time. [PAR] How does Buckets react to the new rules each quarter? [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s actually fun,\u201d he said. \u201cYou have these anticipatory feelings, you know excitement, so to speak. It\u2019s exciting to have to improvise.\u201d [PAR] Buckets said his favorite rule is Hot Hands Jersey. [PAR] \u201cThey call me Buckets cause I can score a lot of baskets,\u201d he said. [PAR] While scoring is important, there\u2019s an entertainment factor to the game. [PAR] \u201cThere\u2019s an entertainment aspect of the game that allows you to kind of turn off the real seriousness of basketball for a second and entertain, then you have to turn it back on, the seriousness, because at the end of the day you want to win the game.\u201d [PAR] Audiences can expect an interesting approach to the game of basketball when the Globetrotters play. [PAR] \u201cThey\u2019re gonna get a chance to see some amazing basketball be played,\u201d Buckets said. \u201cThey\u2019re gonna see some trick shots close to the basket, from half court and maybe even from the stands. They\u2019re gonna see lots of crowd participation.\u201d [PAR] After the game, fans will get the opportunity to meet the players and get autographs signed before the players head to the locker rooms. [PAR] For more information on the event, visit www.gwinnettcenter.com."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Official Website of Dan Brown The Official Website of Dan Brown [PAR] Dan Brown Launches Inferno Experience [PAR] Robert Langdon needs your help. Are you up to the task? [PAR] Sony Entertainment, Google, and Dan Brown have teamed up to create puzzles for a three-week online experience, The Inferno Journey Through Hell. In it, players assist Robert Langdon in solving three puzzles per week that relate to Dante's Inferno. Dan calls the game \"a plunge into the depths of hell using the Seven Deadly Sins as the ladder.\" [PAR] Visit Journey Through Hell to uncover the mystery...and enter for a chance to win a trip to Italy. [PAR] To learn more about the film, check out this article from USA Today . [PAR] To stay up-to-date on the latest Dan Brown News, stay tuned to Dan's Facebook , Instagram , and Twitter pages. [PAR] Dan Brown Announces New Novel [PAR] Available September 26, 2017, the new novel, Origin, thrusts Robert Langdon into the dangerous intersection of humankind\u2019s two most enduring questions. [PAR] Global publishing phenomenon Dan Brown, author of the #1 international blockbusters Inferno and The Da Vinci Code, has written his latest Robert Langdon thriller titled Origin. Doubleday will release the novel in the U.S. and Canada on September 26, 2017 and it will also be available as an ebook and an audiobook from Penguin Random House Audio. Origin will be published simultaneously in the U.K. by Transworld Publishers, a division of Penguin Random House. Additionally, a U.S. Spanish language edition will be published by Vintage Espa\u00f1ol. The announcement was made today by Sonny Mehta, Chairman and Editor-in-Chief of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Jason Kaufman, Vice President and Executive Editor at Doubleday, will edit the novel. [PAR] In keeping with his trademark style, Brown interweaves codes, science, religion, history, art and architecture into this new novel. Origin thrusts Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon into the dangerous intersection of humankind\u2019s two most enduring questions, and the earth-shaking discovery that will answer them. [PAR] There are more than 200 million copies of Dan Brown\u2019s books in print worldwide, and his novels have been translated into 56 languages. [PAR] To learn more, stay tuned to Dan's Facebook , Instagram , and Twitter pages. [PAR] Inferno Vlog#4 - Locations [PAR] Go on location with the cast and crew of Inferno as they give you a glimpse of the historic locations behind Langdon's latest adventure. [PAR] Go on location with the cast and crew of Inferno as they give you a glimpse of the historic locations behind Langdon's latest adventure. [PAR] The film hits theaters internationally starting October 12th, followed by the U.S. premiere on October 28th. [PAR] To stay up to date on the latest Inferno movie news, visit Dan's Facebook Page or the Movie's Official Twitter Page . [PAR] Inferno Vlog#3 - Langdon's Superpower [PAR] Robert Langdon\u2019s superpower? Eidetic memory. Ron Howard discusses Langdon\u2019s memory loss in this Vlog for the Inferno movie. [PAR] Tom Hanks takes you behind the scenes to talk about Robert Langdon's superpower, eidetic memory, in today's vlog for the Inferno movie. [PAR] The film hits theaters in internationally starting October 12th and in the U.S. on October 28th. To stay up to date on the latest Inferno movie news, visit Dan's Facebook Page or the Movie's Official Twitter Page . [PAR] Dan discusses The Da Vinci Code - Young Adult Edition [PAR] For more on what it is and why we believe in the importance of reaching young readers, watch this clip from an interview with Dan. [PAR] The YA edition of The Da"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 10 Best Universities in the United States \u2013 College ... The 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Top Picks: Universities | Public Universities | Liberal Arts Colleges | Engineering | Business | Art | Women's | Most Selective | More Top Picks [PAR] These comprehensive universities offer graduate degrees in fields such as liberal arts, engineering, medicine, business and law. For smaller colleges with more of an undergraduate focus, check out the list of top liberal arts colleges . I won't make the arbitrary distinctions needed to decide whether Harvard or Princeton or Stanford is the better school. Listed alphabetically, these ten universities have the reputations and resources to rank them among the best in the country. [PAR] Compare Top Universities (non Ivy): SAT Scores | ACT Scores [PAR] Will You Get In? See if you have the grades and test scores you need to get into any of these top universities with this free tool from Cappex: Calculate Your Chances for These Top Universities [PAR] Brown University Campus. Barry Winiker / Photolibrary / Getty Images [PAR] Brown University [PAR] Located in Providence Rhode Island, Brown University has easy access to both Boston and New York City. The university is frequently considered the most liberal of the Ivies, and it is well known for its flexible curriculum in which students construct their own plan of study. Brown, like Dartmouth College , places more emphasis on undergraduate study than you'll find at research powerhouses like Columbia and Harvard. [PAR] Costs, aid, and other information: Brown profile [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Low Library at Columbia. Photo Credit: Allen Grove [PAR] Columbia University [PAR] Strong students who love an urban environment should definitely consider Columbia University. The school's location in upper Manhattan sits right on a subway line, so students have easy access to all of New York City. Keep in mind that Columbia is a research institution, and only about a third of its 26,000 students are undergraduates. [PAR] Duke University. cb2vi3 / flickr [PAR] Duke University [PAR] Duke's stunning campus in Durham, North Carolina , features impressive Gothic revival architecture in the campus center, and extensive modern research facilities spreading out from the main campus. With an acceptance rate in the teens, it is also the most selective university in the South. Duke, along with nearby UNC Chapel Hill and NC State , make up the \"research triangle,\" an area purported to have the highest concentration of PhDs and MDs in the world. [PAR] Costs, aid, and other information: Duke profile [PAR] Harvard University. David Paul Ohmer / flickr [PAR] Harvard University [PAR] For better or worse, Harvard University almost always tops the rankings of national universities, and its endowment is by far the largest of any educational institution in the world. All of those resources bring some perks: students from families with modest incomes can attend for free, loan debt is rare, facilities are state of the art, and faculty are often world-renowned scholars and scientists. The university's location in Cambridge, Massachusetts, places it within an easy walk to other excellent schools such as MIT and Boston University . [PAR] University of Pennsylvania. rubberpaw / Flickr [PAR] University of Pennsylvania [PAR] Benjamin Franklin's university, Penn, is frequently confused with Penn State , but the similarities are few. The campus sits along the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, and Center City is just a short walk away. The University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School is arguably the strongest school of business in the country, and numerous other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Remembering Jean Simmons Photos - CBS News Jean Simmons - Remembering Jean Simmons Photos - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Remembering Jean Simmons Photos [PAR] Next [PAR] Jean Simmons [PAR] British actress Jean Simmons, who starred in historical epics and costume dramas but perhaps made her biggest splash as a Salvation Army member in the musical \"Guys and Dolls,\" died Friday, Jan. 22, 2010 at age 80. She is seen here in a 1965 file photo. [PAR] Credit: AP [PAR] \"Great Expectations\" [PAR] Simmons made her movie debut at age 14 in the 1944 British production \"Give Us the Moon.\" Two years later she appeared as Young Estella in David Lean's 1946 adaptation of Charles Dickens' \"Great Expectations\" (left). More than four decades later, Simmons appeared as the aged Miss Havisham in a British TV remake. [PAR] Credit: Universal Pictures [PAR] Simmons appeared as Kanchi in Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's evocative drama \"Black Narcissus\" (1947). [PAR] Credit: Universal Pictures [PAR] \"Hamlet\" [PAR] Simmons appeared as Ophelia in Laurence Olivier's Academy Award-winning film of \"Hamlet.\" She received the first of two Academy Award nominations, as Best Supporting Actress. [PAR] Credit: Universal Pictures [PAR] Simmons is embraced by her fianc [PAR] Credit: AP Photo [PAR] \"Desiree\" [PAR] Simmons appeared as Desiree Clary opposite Marlon Brando's Napoleon in the 1954 \"Desiree.\" The two were reunited in \"Guys and Dolls.\" [PAR] Credit: MGM [PAR] Some Doll [PAR] Simmons is shown with Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra and Vivian Blaine in the film version of \"Guys and Dolls.\" Simmons played Sergeant Sarah Brown, the starchy Salvation Army member who is wined, dined and wooed by gambler Sky Masterson (Brando). [PAR] Credit: Samuel Goldwyn Films [PAR] At the Oscars [PAR] Cary Grant and Jean Simmons are seen at the 30th Academy Awards ceremony on March 26, 1958. Simmons accepted the Oscar awarded the absent Alec Guinness for his performance in \"The Bridge on the River Kwai.\" [PAR] Credit: AP Photo [PAR] \"Spartacus\" [PAR] Simmons starred in the epic \"Spartacus\" as a slave who is romanced by a Roman general (Olivier) and by the leader of a slave revolt (Kirk Douglas). [PAR] Credit: Universal Pictures [PAR] \"Elmer Gantry\" [PAR] After starring as evangelist Sister Sharon Falconer in the Oscar-winning adaptation of Sinclair Lewis' \"Elmer Gantry\" (1960), Simmons married the director, Richard Brooks. [PAR] Credit: United Artists [PAR] \"The Happy Ending\" [PAR] Simon received an Oscar nomination for Best Actress for her performance as a runaway housewife in \"The Happy Ending\" (1969), directed by her husband, Richard Brooks. She later won an Emmy for the TV mini-series \"The Thorn Birds.\" [PAR] Credit: United Artists[DOC] [TLE] Guys and Dolls - Frank Loesser's Hilarious Musical Tale ... Guys and Dolls [PAR] Previews Begin February 4, 2009 [PAR] [PAR] BROADWAY IS BOOMTOWN: \"Guys and Dolls\" [PAR] January 30, 2009 [PAR] Attention, denizens of the Great White Way! Times Square\u2019s most memorable characters are back on the prowl: Master gamblers Sky Masterson, Nathan Detroit, Benny Southstreet and Harry the Horse; Miss Adelaide, the pride of the hot-cha Hot Box Club; and Sister Sarah Brown, the sweetest mission doll this side of Eighth Avenue. Yes, Guys and Dolls is back in town. [PAR] +++ [PAR] BIERKO AND GRANT WILL CREATE CHEMISTRY IN \"GUYS AND DOLLS\" [PAR] By Kenneth Jones - December 2, 2008 [PAR] Guys and Dolls director Des McAnuff has found his Sky and Sarah in Tony Award nominee Craig Bierko and Kate Jennings Grant, respectively, the producers of the new 2009 Broadway revival announced. [PAR] Bierko, a Best Actor Tony nominee for The Music Man, and Grant, of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ERROL BROWN: A Fondent Farewell - Blues and Soul Errol Brown: A Fondent Farewell [PAR] Home / Issue 1080 / Features / Errol Brown: A Fondent Farewell [PAR] Feature [PAR] Errol Brown: A Fondent Farewell [PAR] With their 14-year run of hit singles from 1970 to 1984, London-based Hot Chocolate became one of the most consistently successful groups in UK chart history. This February sees the outfit\u2019s charismatic former front-man/key songwriter Errol Brown historically embarking on a 21-date Farewell Tour of the UK. [PAR] The only group - and one of only three acts, period - to have scored a hit in every year of the Seventies, Hot Chocolate impressively clocked up no less than 25 British Top 40 singles during their time together; beginning with their Top 10 debut \u2018Love Is Life\u2019 in August 1970, and ending with the Number 13 success of \u2018I Gave You My Heart\u2019 in February 1984. Indeed, with seductive, bald-headed lead singer Errol Brown becoming almost a UK substitute for harder-hitting US soul love-gods-of-the-day like Isaac Hayes, the five-piece multi-racial combo had already become inextricably entwined with British Seventies pop culture by the time their sixteenth single - the haunting \u2018So You Win Again\u2019 - became their first (and only) British chart-topper in 1977. [PAR] Having begun their recording career back in 1969 with a reggae version of John Lennon\u2019s \u2018Give Peace a Chance\u2019 (released on The Beatles\u2019 Apple label), Hot Chocolate - in collaboration with British pop mega-producer Mickie Most (for whose RAK label they recorded during the whole of their aforementioned hit-making period) - arguably peaked during the disco era of the mid-to-late Seventies. When their two biggest international smashes - 1975\u2019s \u2018You Sexy Thing\u2019 and 1978\u2019s \u2018Every One\u2019s A Winner\u2019 - also significantly saw them hit the US Top Ten. Nevertheless, their success continued well into the Eighties, via Top Five entries like 1980\u2019s \u2018No Doubt About It\u2019 and 1982\u2019s \u2018It Started With A Kiss\u2019. Which, in autumn 2004, became voted by the UK public as one of the Top 20 love songs of all time. [PAR] With Errol himself leaving the band in 1985, his career as a solo artist (which peaked with the Number 25 success of his 1987 single \u2018Personal Touch\u2019) never came close to repeating the groundbreaking success he\u2019d formerly enjoyed as a member of Hot Chocolate. Nevertheless, the enduring appeal of the band\u2019s aforementioned mid-Seventies disco-funker \u2018You Sexy Thing\u2019 has since seen it officially become the only track to achieve British Top 10 status in the Seventies, Eighties and Nineties; with much of its ongoing appeal being credited to its appearances in a string of films (most notably the 1997 male stripper comedy \u2018The Full Monty\u2019). While the lasting impact made by Hot Chocolate\u2019s music in general has been proven by the Platinum-selling UK chart-topping success of two compilations - 1987\u2019s \u2018The Very Best Of Hot Chocolate\u2019 and 1993\u2019s \u2018Their Greatest Hits\u2019. [PAR] Meanwhile, Kingston, Jamaica-born Errol\u2019s role key role in Hot Chocolate\u2019s success (as both lead singer and primary songwriter) has more recently seen him being awarded with an MBE for Services To Music by The Queen in 2003 and, in 2004, an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. A keen golfer, Brown now lives with his wife of over 30 years - Ginette - in The Bahamas. From where he speaks in-depth about his trailblazing career to \u2018Blues & Soul\u2019\u2019s ever-attentive Pete Lewis on the eve of his forthcoming final British tour. [PAR] What was the thinking behind your upcoming UK Farewell Tour? [PAR] \u201cReally the thinking came out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Liposuction | Liposuction4You.com History of Liposuction | Liposuction4You.com [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] The History of Liposuction [PAR] Liposuction is one of the most popular cosmetic surgical procedures in the United States, but it is still a relatively new procedure. Although surgeons had attempted to remove fat using scalpels to manually take out the fat for a long time before suction-assisted procedures came along, that kind of surgery didn't work well. [PAR] The history of liposuction is a bit vague, since several people claim to have invented it or been the first to do certain types. The first use of suction to help remove the fat is attributed to a French surgeon named Charles Dujarier in the 1920s. Unfortunately, he treated a famous Parisian model and gangrene set in, leading to her death. That put a stop to suction-assisted fat removal for several decades. [PAR] Liposuction was again invented in 1974 by two Italian gynecologists, Dr. Giorgio Fischer, and his son Dr. Giorgio Fischer, Jr. They discovered a way to internally cut away at fat tissue within the body using an electric-powered rotating scalpel inserted through small incisions. This rotating scalpel was similar to a gynecological instrument used for dilation and curettage procedures. This tool is essentially an oscillating blade contained within a thin metal tube called a cannula. The destroyed fat cells (along with other tissue, fluid, and blood, no doubt) were suctioned out through rubber tubing by a vacuum machine. The Fishers' technology was not as fine-tuned as that used today and is really just barely comparable, but they gave birth to modern liposuction. [PAR] But early attempts at vacuum-assisted lipoplasty (or suction-assisted lipectomy, suction lipectomy) resulted in a great deal of blood loss, permanent numbness in the treated areas, asymmetry, and very unpredictable results. Surgeons began to change the procedure and create their own techniques. Liposuction was being fine tuned through the 1970s and 1980s. Unfortunately, when a new procedure is introduced the patient becomes the guinea pig. During this time, surgeons tried various kinds of oscillating blades that were encased in metal cannulas and sharp bladeless cannulas were also tried. If there was a new theory on what would work better, there was a patient on the receiving end of the newer technique. [PAR] Next Step in Liposuction: The Invention of the Tunneling Technique and Use of Blunt Cannulae [PAR] In 1977, a French plastic surgeon named Dr. Yves-Gerard Illouz greatly improved suction-assisted lipoplasty through the use of a blunt-tipped cannula. The use of a blunt cannula produces less bleeding, less nerve and blood vessel damage, and was easier for the surgeon to manipulate through fatty tissue. [PAR] Dr. Illouz also saw shorter recovery times and less postoperative discomfort when a blunt-tipped cannula was used. Less blood loss meant fewer complications, such as shock, the need for blood transfusions, or the occasional death from blood and fluid loss. [PAR] Cosmetic surgeons started using a tunneling technique with the cannula around this time. This began the journey towards liposuction as we know it. [PAR] Dr. Pierre-Francois Fournier further improved liposuction techniques in collaboration with Dr. Illouez. They became known as the pioneers of liposuction as we know it. [PAR] Plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and plastic surgery societies outside of France caught wind of this new and exciting procedure in the early 1980s. Many traveled to observe liposuction procedures performed by Drs. Illouz and Fournier. Soon surgeons brought liposuction to the United States and began practicing this procedure on their own. American surgeons found that liposuction was truly beneficial when performed by a surgeon who was"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Stogie? - Complete Cigar Guides And Reviews What is a Stogie? [PAR] What is a Stogie? [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] A lot of new cigar smokers often hear the word \u201cstogie\u201d or \u201cstogies\u201d a lot, a lot of aficionados throw this word around along with a lot sites, blogs and forums, the word is almost always used when talking about cigars even by those who have been smoking for years so its common to assume that stogies mean cigars by a beginner but have you ever wondered what is a stogie exactly?. [PAR] Even though the word is almost synonymous with cigars it is far from true though, even though it is used almost always not all cigars are stogies, I made this mistake for quite some time too and thought lets find out exactly what is a stogie! [PAR] The most common confusion [PAR] A huge debate between those who don\u2019t understand the term is whether stogies are cigarettes or cigars. It\u2019s a common misunderstanding for those who are not familiar with it. If you have just started or have been smoking for sometime you might still be confused. [PAR] For cigar beginners to call a cigarette a stogie is a slap on the face by an aficionado. It is highly insulting to the entire industry. Stogies are cigars and not cigarettes, Cigs are just cigs there is no other name for them whereas some cigars are rightfully called stogies because they are whereas you can almost always mention any cigar to be a stogie while using it as a slang. [PAR] In short: A cigarette is not a stogie, a cigar is. [PAR] What is a Stogie? [PAR] Stogie \u2013 Slang [PAR] The term is most commonly used as a slang or a cool way of saying cigars. You can almost always call any cigar a stogie just don\u2019t call a Cuban a stogie because that\u2019s just annoying. [PAR] In simpler, quicker terms a stogie is a cheap, thin and already cut from both the sides cigar. It is a good cigar for beginners who just want to try it before really jumping into it. [PAR] There is more to it though then just a simple line explanation, to really understand the difference between stogies and cigars, you have to understand where they came from. [PAR] History of Stogies [PAR] The word Stogie is a nickname of Cheroot which was derived from the french word Cheroute which comes from a meaning in tamil for \u201croll of tobacco\u201d . The french introduced the word Cheroot in there own culture when they were trying to influence the culture of South of India in sixteenth century. [PAR] Whereas the word stogie is an abbreviation of the word \u2018Conestoga\u2019 which is a town near Lancaster, PA. This is where cheap, self made cigars became popular. [PAR] The drivers of Conestoga wagons always had a self made cigar, thin cigar which was tied up with rope for long journeys in there mouths which observers started calling stogies. [PAR] Initially the stogie\u2019s reference was for the shoes of the wagon drivers, this was during the time of gold rush and thus the number of wagon\u2019s travelling increased drastically. [PAR] The easy way of remembering the wagons was giving them a nickname and the drivers who wore thick sole shoes became stogies. [PAR] Later on as the wagon activity slowed down the term stogies got associated with the thin cheap cigar that they smoked. Overtime the shoe reference fell out of history completely and the term stuck around with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inspector Gadget (TV Series 1983\u20131986) - IMDb Inspector Gadget (TV Series 1983\u20131986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A bumbling bionic police inspector stumbles about on his cases, while his niece and dog secretly do the real investigative work. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Dr. Claw, with the aid of Dr. Spectrum and Bert Sweetley, uses a dream beam to give the citizens of Metro City nightmares. [PAR] 8.1 [PAR] Inspector Gadget foils the evil plans of Dr. Claw to steal a valuable pearl necklace. This adventure takes Chief Quimby and the Inspector to Hong Kong. Safety Tip: Don't be greedy and overeat. [PAR] 8.0 [PAR] GADGET has ordered a new watch. [PAR] 8.0 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 25 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 05 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 10 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 02 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Inspector Gadget \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Inspector Gadget (1983\u20131986) [PAR] 6.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3/10 X [PAR] The Smurfs are little blue creatures that live in mushroom houses in a forest inhabited mainly by their own kind. The smurfs average daily routine is attempting to avoid Gargomel, an evil man who wants to kill our little blue friends. [PAR] Stars: Don Messick, Danny Goldman, Lucille Bliss [PAR] The misadventures of two modern-day Stone Age families, the Flintstones and the Rubbles. [PAR] Stars: Alan Reed, Mel Blanc, Jean Vander Pyl [PAR] The globe-trotting treasure-hunting money-making adventures of billionaire Scrooge McDuck and his nephews. [PAR] Stars: Alan Young, Russi Taylor, Terence McGovern [PAR] The adventures of a quartet of humanoid warrior turtles and their friends. [PAR] Stars: Cam Clarke, Barry Gordon, Rob Paulsen [PAR] The misadventures of a futuristic family. [PAR] Stars: George O'Hanlon, Janet Waldo, Mel Blanc [PAR] The daily satirical adventures of the Looney Tunes star The Tazmanian Devil, along with his extended family, friends, and enemies on the island of Tasmania. [PAR] Stars: Jim Cummings, Rob Paulsen, Maurice LaMarche [PAR] Disney's fun-loving chipmunks are reimagined as the leaders of a team of detectives/crime-fighters, rounding out the team are two mice, Gadget Hackwrench and Monterey Jack and Zipper, a fly. [PAR] Stars: Corey Burton, Peter Cullen, Jim Cummings [PAR] A Saturday morning series, collecting of some of the most popular classic cartoons from the Looney Tunes catalogue. [PAR] Stars: Mel Blanc, June Foray [PAR] A bumbling superhero battles crime with the help of his daughter and pilot sidekick. [PAR] Stars: Jim Cummings, Terence McGovern, Christine Cavanaugh [PAR] Yogi, a smooth, talkative forest bear looks to raid park goers picnic baskets, while Park Ranger Smith tries to stop him. [PAR] Stars: Daws Butler, Don Messick, Jimmy Weldon [PAR] The most powerful man in the universe, He-Man, goes against the evil forces of Skeletor to save the planet Eternia and to protect the secrets of Castle Grayskull. [PAR] Stars: John Erwin, Alan Oppenheimer, Linda Gary [PAR] The desert in the U.S. southwest is the natural"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quick Lime, Calcium Oxide, Lime Quick Lime, Calcium Oxide, Lime [PAR] calcium oxide [PAR] 25kgs/compound bags, 1000kgs/compound bags or on customized. [PAR] Delivery Detail: [PAR] Quick Lime, Calcium Oxide, Lime [PAR] Brief introduction [PAR] Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. [PAR] It is a white, caustic and alkaline crystalline solid at room temperature. [PAR] Product description\uff1a [PAR] H.S. Code:2825909000 [PAR] Properties: [PAR] Colorless or white block or powder. In the air absorb carbon dioxide and water.The relative density of 320-3.38, melting point 2614 degree, boiling point 2850 degree. In water is generated with calcium hydroxide and give off a lot of heat, slightly soluble in water, soluble in acid. Corrosive. To eyes, respiratory system and skin irritation. [PAR] Use: [PAR] Analytics reagents, spectral analysis reagent, phosphor mechanism. Auxiliary solvent, vegetable oil decoloring agents, gas analysis, used on carbon dioxide absorber. Lot reagents used in semiconductor production of denotation, and diffusion process. [PAR] Technical Data Sheet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary [PAR] Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hallux [PAR] Related to hallux: hallux limitus [PAR] hallux [PAR] [hal\u00b4uks] (pl. hal\u00b4luces) (L.) [PAR] the great toe. [PAR] hallux flex\u00b4us hallux rigidus . [PAR] hallux mal\u00b4leus hammer toe affecting the great toe. [PAR] hallux ri\u00b4gidus painful flexion deformity of the great toe with limitation of motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [PAR] hallux val\u00b4gus angulation of the great toe toward the other toes of the foot. [PAR] hallux va\u00b4rus angulation of the great toe away from the other toes of the foot. [PAR] great toe [I] [PAR] [TA] [PAR] the first digit of the foot. [PAR] /hal\u00b7lux/ (hal\u00b4uks) pl. hal\u00b4luces [L.] the great toe. [PAR] hallux doloro\u00b4sus a painful condition of the great toe, usually associated with flatfoot. [PAR] hallux flex\u00b4us h. rigidus . [PAR] hallux mal\u00b4leus hammer toe affecting the great toe. [PAR] hallux ri\u00b4gidus painful flexion deformity of the great toe with limitation of motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [PAR] hallux val\u00b4gus angulation of the great toe toward the other toes. [PAR] hallux va\u00b4rus angulation of the great toe away from the other toes. [PAR] hallux [PAR] (h\u0103l\u2032\u0259ks) [PAR] n. pl. halluces (h\u0103l\u2032y\u0259-s\u0113z\u2032, h\u0103l\u2032\u0259-) [PAR] 1. The innermost or first digit on the hind foot of certain mammals. The human hallux is commonly called the big toe. [PAR] 2. A homologous digit of a bird, reptile, or amphibian. In birds, it is often directed backward. [PAR] hallux [PAR] Etymology: L, hallex, large toe [PAR] the great toe. Also spelled hallex. [PAR] hal\u00b7lux [PAR] The great toe; the first digit of the foot. [PAR] [a Mod. L. form for L. hallex (hallic-), great toe] [PAR] hallux [PAR] The big toe. [PAR] hallux [PAR] the first digit on the hind foot of vertebrates, such as the big toe in humans. [PAR] hallux [PAR] the first, great or big toe. hallux rigidus is a stiff and painful toe resulting from osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint. In hallux valgus the toe bends at this joint towards the second toe, and the joint bulges from the side of the foot. Can result in permanent displacement (possibly with a degree of external rotation) greater than 10%. Additional friction from poorly fitting footwear can result in a bursa, and the prominence of bone-plus-bursa is known as a bunion . [PAR] hallux [PAR] great toe; first toe [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] everted rearfoot [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] In brief, mass was measured utilizing a digital scale, tarsus depth was measured with calipers at the midpoint of the tarsus in a front-to-back direction, hallux length was measured as the cord length from the junction of the anterior surface of the talon at the point the claw meets the skin of the toe to the tip of the claw, exposed culmen length was measured with calipers as the cord length between the tip of the beak and the junction of the beak and cere, wing cord was measured with a ruler from the closed wing from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary, and tail length was measured with a ruler between the center rectrices from the emergence from the skin to the tip of the longest rectrix (Hull and Bloom 2001)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a pashmina shawl - Sunrise Pashmina Cashmere Shawls of Uncompromising Quality - Sunrise Pashmina [PAR] What's a shawl? [PAR] In recent decades, pashmina has become known internationally as a term applied to the wool, and products made from the wool, that is derived from the undercoat of the \"Cashmere goat,\" any of various breeds sometimes referred to as Capra hircus laniger (wool-bearing domestic goat). These breeds are raised primarily at high elevations in Central Asia, particularly Mongolia. Due to the ongoing war in Kashmir, and with the die-off of goat herds in Ladakh due to blizzards, China has been able to dominate pashmina production in past couple of decades. [PAR] There is a lot of misinformation (or disinformation) about pashmina online. This may be due to the lack of scientific research, and/or to the fact that most production is in out-of-the-way places that are never visited by the staff of pashmina shawl manufacturers or exporters. Claims made about the relative fineness of cashmere and pashmina are false. Claims made that pashmina (or, alternatively, the best pashmina) comes only from the throat and belly of the goat are also false. [PAR] Shahtoosh (Persian for \"King fabric\") is a term used for a fiber and fabric derived from the undercoat of an endangered Tibetan antelope, the chiru, and is illegal in most Western countries, but easily obtainable in India. It is much more expensive than pashmina. And did we mention that it is illegal? [PAR] 20 Myths about pashmina [PAR] Myth #1: Pashmina is different from, and better than, cashmere. [PAR] Briefly, pashmina is cashmere, which is the fiber or fabric woven from fiber deriving from the undercoat of certain high-elevation (and therefore long-haired) breeds of domestic goat. [PAR] Myth #2: Pashmina is produced only by a special goat known as Capra hircus. [PAR] Capra hircus is just the scientific name for domesticated goats in general. The caprids are those animals belonging to the goat and antelope genus. Wiktionary gives three meanings for hircus: 1) a buck, male goat; 2) (by extension) the rank smell of the armpits; 3) (figuratively) a filthy person. Cashmere goat breeds have been referred to as Capra hircus laniger (laniger means wool-bearing), but this is not an accepted scientific grouping. [PAR] Myth #3: Pashmina is produced only in the high Himalayas. [PAR] There are many goat breeds with fine undercoats, and they are raised in China, Mongolia, Australia, the United States, India (particularly Ladakh), and elsewhere. The huge preponderance of cashmere yarn fabric now comes from China. [PAR] Myth #4: Pashmina wool is plucked only from the undercoat of the throat and chest of the animal. [PAR] Just not true. The undercoat extends around the whole animal, more or less, and none of it is intentionally wasted. [PAR] Myth #5: Real pashmina is produced only in Kashmir. [PAR] Kashmir (in India) has prevailed in an epic trade dispute with the result that the word \"pashmina\" is considered to belong to Kashmiri cashmere producers. Nepal had to settle for \"chyangra pashmina,\" which means \"goat cashmere.\" Potato, potahto. [PAR] Myth #6: A fullsize pashmina is too big for a petite woman. [PAR] Pashmina shawls are customarily quite large. The usual fullsize is 95 X 203 cm (36\" x 80\"). But even Asian women, who are typically rather small, wear fullsize shawls quite comfortably; because of the light weight of the fabric, the shawls can easily be folded lengthwise and/or widthwise, so that the generous dimensions are never a liability. What we call \"medium-size\" is not much smaller: the same length, and only 20 cm (8\")"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boxer on Beatles album cover - BoxRec Boxer on Beatles album cover - BoxRec [PAR] Boxer on Beatles album cover [PAR] Quote [PAR] Post by -KOKid- \u00bb 27 Mar 2006, 17:18 [PAR] I was always under the impression that the fighter on The Beatles' \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" album cover was Ezzard Charles. [PAR] I have read this in several different sources. [PAR] But, this bio on Sonny Litson says it was him that was featured on the cover, not Charles. [PAR] Can anyone clear ths up fo me? Who is it? [PAR] Thanks! [PAR] Post by surf-bat \u00bb 27 Mar 2006, 17:52 [PAR] -KOKid- wrote: [PAR] I was always under the impression that the fighter on The Beatles' \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" album cover was Ezzard Charles. [PAR] I have read this in several different sources. [PAR] But, this bio on Sonny Litson says it was him that was featured on the cover, not Charles. [PAR] Can anyone clear ths up fo me? Who is it? [PAR] Thanks! [PAR] http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0514288/bio [PAR] -KOKid- [PAR] It's Liston. I believe having him on the cover inspired The Monkees to use him in their movie HEAD. [PAR] Post by BoxBuzz \u00bb 27 Mar 2006, 19:32 [PAR] It's Sonny Can't imagine anyone making that mistake....see for yourself. [PAR] Post by -KOKid- \u00bb 28 Mar 2006, 07:30 [PAR] Strange. The book \"Boxing Unseen Archives\" states that it is Charles. [PAR] Liston would be the boxer of choice for The Beatles as he was the more well known name. [PAR] But why would anyone have it be Charles? [PAR] -KOKid- [PAR] Quote [PAR] Post by mercman \u00bb 28 Mar 2006, 07:46 [PAR] It is definitely Liston. I used to have that poster when I was a student and staring down from the wall it was unmistakenly Sonny Liston. [PAR] Post by Roll With The Punches \u00bb 29 Mar 2006, 07:22 [PAR] BoxBuzz wrote: [PAR] Post by sockdolager \u00bb 29 Mar 2006, 08:46 [PAR] Roll With The Punches wrote: [PAR] BoxBuzz wrote: [PAR] ugh [PAR] this is harder than 'Where's Wally' [PAR] far left, he is cut in half in the white w/ yellow robe. At least I assume that is him, Ive looked at this for several minjutes now and if it isnt him than I am insane! [PAR] Quote [PAR] Post by BoxBuzz \u00bb 29 Mar 2006, 09:15 [PAR] Correct you are...far left in the Robe.....hard to see on this \"internet\" version. But if you have the album or access to the full pic there is absolutely no doubt that it is indeed the \"scowling one\". [PAR] Post by john2345 \u00bb 29 Mar 2006, 11:40 [PAR] It's Liston! It always Liston! [PAR] I bought the LP when it was gfirst released, and was a big Liston fan at the time.... it's Liston [PAR] J [PAR] Post by john2345 \u00bb 29 Mar 2006, 11:41 [PAR] Sorry...this keyboard is useles...I meant to type \"It always WAS Liston\" in previous post...J [PAR] Post by john2345 \u00bb 29 Mar 2006, 11:53 [PAR] See link [PAR] Sonny is listed as number 54. If you click on the images they enlarge (slightly!) [PAR] J [PAR] Post by Brutu \u00bb 30 Mar 2006, 18:42 [PAR] From what I rember its not really Sonny Liston but his wax effigy from Madame Tussauds. [PAR] They origianlly wanted Muhammad Ali for the cover,but couldnt get the rights or something. [PAR] Quote [PAR] Post by BoxBuzz \u00bb 30 Mar 2006, 19:52 [PAR] correct, there are no live bodies in that ensemble save the beatles themselves. Its a wax of Sonny"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] F-Auguste-R Rodin, French sculptor (Baiser... November 17 ... F-Auguste-R Rodin, French sculptor (Baiser... November 17 in History [PAR] November 17, 1917 in History [PAR] Died: [PAR] F-Auguste-R Rodin, French sculptor (Baiser, Thinker), dies at 77 [PAR] Related Topics:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Official History of the World Snowboard Tour Official History of the World Snowboard Tour [PAR] Halfpipe: cancelled due to bad weather conditions [PAR] 2003/04 Season [PAR] In the 2003/2004 season, the TTR was comprised of the same nine events. The nine TTR medallion winners from these events received invites to the Arctic Challenge, which was once again the final event of the TTR series. [PAR] 2003/2004 TTR Champions: [PAR] Halfpipe: Andy Finch [PAR] 2004/05 Season [PAR] The 2004/2005 season was the last TTR season with only nine events and the Arctic Challenge as the final event. Big changes and expansion were on the horizon for the 2005/2006 season. [PAR] Due to bad weather conditions, two out of three TTR finals at the Arctic challenge were cancelled. [PAR] 2004/2005 TTR Champions: [PAR] Halfpipe: cancelled [PAR] 2005/06 Season [PAR] The 05/06 season saw the introduction of the TTR Star Tier system (1 \u2013 6Star levels) and TTR\u2019s own Ranking System, as well as, the launch of the first TTR website (www.ttrworldtour.com) and the official Women\u2019s Tour. The star tier event system allowed for more structure within the tour and opened room for more events to be included in the TTR system. With more events on the tour (67 events in total), the TTR continued establishing its credibility as a globally recognized independent snowboard Tour. The launch of the TTR World Ranking list on December 5th, 2005 resulted in the crowning of the first-ever TTR World Tour Champion at the US Open Snowboarding Championships. [PAR] 6Star Events: [PAR] \u00c4sthetiker Jam W\u00e4ngl T\u00e4ngl [PAR] World Superpipe Championships [PAR] The 06/07 season opened the floodgates for increased tour interest highlighted by an overflow of media inquiries, rider requests and event applications confirming the model\u2019s success. [PAR] 2006/2007 World Tour Champions: [PAR] Men\u2019s TTR World Tour Champion: Shaun White (USA) [PAR] Women\u2019s TTR World Tour Champion: Torah Bright (AUS) [PAR] 2007/08 Season [PAR] The 07/08 season saw added incentive for riders with the introduction of TTR End Of Season Prize Purse worth $250,000. In 07/08, 176 results were registered from 4 formats (Slopestyle, Halfpipe, Quarterpipe and Stadium Slopestyle) from events in 27 nations from 4 continents. The ongoing increase of riders participating each year reached another maximum in 07/08 with a total of 3417 riders (2706 men, 711 women) from 41 nations. [PAR] 6Star Events: [PAR] Burton New Zealand Open Snowboarding Championships [PAR] Billabong Air & Style [PAR] Honda Session at Vail [PAR] At the General Assembly in May 2008, measures were taken to further foster the progression of the Tour and, thus, the development of the sport of snowboarding itself. Among those were the introduction of the season-end bonus points system and the increase in number of determining results for a rider\u2019s final ranking from an average of six to eight. [PAR] 2007/2008 World Tour Champions: [PAR] Men\u2019s TTR World Tour Champion: Kevin Pearce (USA) $50,000 [PAR] Women\u2019s TTR World Tour Champion: Jamie Anderson (USA) $50,000 [PAR] 2008/2009 Season [PAR] In November 2008, due to the cancellation of three 6Star events, the Air & Style in Munich, the Slopestyle at the Oakley Arctic Challenge in Oslo and The Session in Vail, the decision had to be made to reduce the number of determining results from eight to seven. Despite the cancellation of three premiere events, the TTR had its most successful season to date with record number of participating riders and building recognition in the mainstream worldwide. In 08/09, 187 results were registered in four formats. Participation levels continued to increase with a total of 4,207 riders (822 women and 3385 men) from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lester B. Pearson - The Canadian Encyclopedia Lester B. Pearson - The Canadian Encyclopedia [PAR] Politicians [PAR] Lester B. Pearson [PAR] Lester Bowles \"Mike\" Pearson, prime minister 1963\u201368, statesman, politician, public servant, professor (born 23 April 1897 in Newtonbrook, ON; died 27 December 1972 in Ottawa, ON). [PAR] Lester Bowles \"Mike\" Pearson, prime minister 1963\u201368, statesman, politician, public servant, professor (born 23 April 1897 in Newtonbrook, ON ; died 27 December 1972 in Ottawa , ON). Pearson was Canada's foremost diplomat of the 1950s and 1960s, and formulated its basic post- WWII foreign policy. A skilled politician, he rebuilt the Liberal Party and as prime minister strove to maintain Canada's national unity. Under his leadership, the government implemented a Canada Pension Plan , a universal medicare system, a unified armed force , and a new flag . In 1957, he received the Nobel Peace Prize for his diplomatic efforts in facilitating Britain and France\u2019s departure from Egypt during the Suez Crisis. [PAR] Early Life and Career [PAR] Son of a Methodist parson, Pearson spent his childhood moving from one parsonage to another before enrolling in history at the University of Toronto . With the outbreak of the First World War , he enlisted in the Canadian Army Medical Corps and in 1915 was shipped to Greece to join the Allied armies fighting the Bulgarians. After two years of stretcher-bearing, he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in England. His military career came to a sudden end when he was run over by a London bus and invalided home. [PAR] After earning his BA at the University of Toronto in 1919, Pearson was undecided on a career. He tried law and business, won a fellowship to Oxford, and was hired by the University of Toronto to teach history, which he combined with tennis and coaching football . Pearson also married and soon had children. Finding a professor's salary insufficient, he joined the Department of External Affairs (now Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development ). By 1928 he had trained himself as a perceptive observer and an able writer, both useful qualities in his work. Pearson quickly attracted the attention of his deputy minister, O.D. Skelton . [PAR] Representing Canada Abroad [PAR] In 1935 he was sent to London as first secretary in the Canadian High Commission, giving him a front-row seat as Europe drifted towards the Second World War . He was profoundly influenced by what he saw and thereafter attached great importance to collective defence in the face of dictatorships and aggression. In 1941 Pearson returned to Canada. He was sent to Washington as second-in-command at the Canadian Legation in 1942, where his easygoing personality and personal charm made him a great success, particularly with the press. In 1945, he was named Canadian ambassador to the United States and attended the founding conference of the United Nations (UN) at San Francisco. [PAR] Deputy Minister of External Affairs [PAR] In September 1946, Pearson was summoned home by Prime Minister Mackenzie King to become deputy minister (or undersecretary) of external affairs. He continued to take a strong interest in the UN but also promoted a closer political and economic relationship between Canada and its principal allies, the US and the United Kingdom. Pearson's work culminated in Canada's joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ) in 1949. He strongly supported a Western self-defence organization, although he hoped that its existence would persuade the Soviet Union (what is now largely Russia) that aggression would be futile. [PAR] Minister of External Affairs [PAR] By the time NATO was in place, Pearson had left"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Reign of Terror | World History Project The Reign of Terror | World History Project [PAR] Jun 1793 to Jul 1794 [PAR] The Reign of Terror [PAR] The Reign of Terror (June, 1793 \u2013 July 27, 1794), also known as the The Terror (French: la Terreur) was a period of violence that occurred for one year and two months after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of \"enemies of the revolution.\" Estimates vary widely as to how many were killed, with numbers ranging from 16,000 to 40,000; in many cases, records were not kept, or if they were, they are considered likely to be inaccurate. The guillotine (\"National Razor\") became the symbol of a string of executions: Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, the Girondins, Louis Philippe II and Madame Roland, as well as many others, such as \"the father of modern chemistry\" Antoine Lavoisier, lost their lives under its blade. [PAR] During 1794, revolutionary France was beset with real or imagined conspiracies by internal and foreign enemies. Within France the revolution was opposed by the French nobility, which had lost its inherited privileges. The Roman Catholic Church was generally against the Revolution, which had turned the clergy into employees of the state and required they take an oath of loyalty to the nation (through the Civil Constitution of the Clergy). In addition, the First French Republic was engaged in a series of French Revolutionary Wars with neighboring powers. [PAR] The extension of civil war and the advance of foreign armies on national territory produced a political crisis, and increased the rivalry between the Girondins and the more radical Jacobins; the latter were eventually grouped in the parliamentary faction called the Mountain, and had the support of the Parisian population. The French government established the Committee of Public Safety, which took its final form on 6 September 1793 and was ultimately dominated by Maximilien Robespierre, in order to suppress internal counter-revolutionary activities and raise additional French military force. Through the Revolutionary Tribunal, the Terror's leaders exercised broad dictatorial powers and used them to instigate mass executions and political purges. The repression accelerated in June and July 1794, a period called \"la Grande Terreur\" (The Great Terror), and ended in the coup of 9 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794), the so-called \"Thermidorian Reaction\", in which several leaders of the Reign of Terror were executed, including Saint-Just and Robespierre. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Jabril Faraj [PAR] Related Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cook's Thesaurus: Fruit Liqueurs Cook's Thesaurus: Fruit Liqueurs [PAR] fruit liqueurs Substitutes: fruit wine OR fruit syrup OR extracts (use much less) [PAR] Varieties: [PAR] apple schnapps [PAR] apricot liqueur Notes: This liqueur tastes like both apricots and almonds. Substitutes: apricot brandy OR amaretto (made with apricot pits) [PAR] Bauchant Pronunciation: bow-CHAHN Notes: This is an orange liqueur. Substitutes: Grand Marnier OR Cointreau OR triple sec [PAR] blackberry liqueur Notes: Kroatzbeere and Marie Brizard are well-regarded brands. [PAR] blue curacao [PAR] cassis liqueur [PAR] Ch\ufffdri Suisse = Cheri Suisse Pronunciation: share-ee SWEESE Notes: This is a chocolate and cherry flavored liqueur. It's often mixed with milk. Substitutes: chocolate liqueur [PAR] cherry liqueurs Notes: There are many varieties of cherry liqueurs, including the chocolate-flavored Ch\ufffdri Suisse , Cherry Heering = Peter Heering, cr\ufffdme de cerise , Cherry Rocher, Kirschenliqueur, Cherry Grand Marnier = Cherry Marnier, and Maraschino liqueur . Substitutes: port wine OR kirsch OR cherry syrup [PAR] [PAR] Citr\ufffdnge = Citronge Pronunciation: see-TRONGE Notes: This is a Mexican orange liqueur. [PAR] [PAR] Cointreau Pronunciation: kwahn-TROW Notes: This is an orange liqueur that\ufffds not as well regarded as Grand Marnier, but considered a step above cura\ufffdao and triple sec. Substitutes: Grand Marnier (nicer and more expensive) OR cura\ufffdao (sweeter) OR triple sec (even sweeter) OR unsweetened orange juice concentrate OR Chambord (a raspberry liqueur) [PAR] [PAR] cranberry liqueur Notes: Boggs is a well-regarded brand. Substitutes: raspberry liqueur [PAR] cr\ufffdme d'abricots = creme d'abricots Pronunciation: KREM dab-ree-KOE Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has an apricot flavor. Substitutes: apricot liqueur (not as sweet) [PAR] cr\ufffdme d'ananas = creme d'ananas Pronunciation: KREM dah-nah-NAH Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has a pineapple flavor. Substitutes: cr\ufffdme de banane [PAR] cr\ufffdme de banane = creme de banane Pronunciation: KREM de bah-NAHN Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has a banana flavor. It's often used to make banana daiquiris. Substitutes: cr\ufffdme d'ananas (pineapple flavor) [PAR] cr\ufffdme de cassis = creme de cassis Pronunciation: KREM de cah-CEASE Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur made with black currants and rum. It's very sweet, and often mixed with white wine to make kir. Substitutes: black currant syrup (similar flavor, non-alcoholic) OR raspberry liqueur (not as sweet) [PAR] cr\ufffdme de cerise = creme de cerise Pronunciation: KREM de sare-EASE Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has a cherry flavor. Substitutes: cherry liqueur (not as sweet) OR kirsch (not as sweet) [PAR] [PAR] cr\ufffdme de fraise = creme de fraise = cr\ufffdme \ufffd la fraise des bois = creme a la fraise des bois Pronunciation: KREM de FREZ Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has a strawberry flavor. Substitutes: cr\ufffdme de framboise OR cr\ufffdme de cassis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] cr\ufffdme de framboise = creme de framboise Pronunciation: KREM de frahm-BWAHZ Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has a raspberry flavor. Substitutes: cr\ufffdme de fraise OR cr\ufffdme de cassis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] cr\ufffdme de griotte Pronunciation: KREM de gree-YUT Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that's flavored with sour Morello cherries. Substitutes: cr\ufffdme de cassis [PAR] cr\ufffdme de mandarine = creme de mandarine Pronunciation: KREM de mahn-dah-REEN Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has a mandarin orange flavor. Substitutes: orange liqueur [PAR] cr\ufffdme de m\ufffdre = creme de mure Pronunciation: KREM de MYUR Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that's flavored with blackberries. Substitutes: cr\ufffdme de cassis [PAR] [PAR] cr\ufffdme de myrtille Pronunciation: KREM de meer-TEEL Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that's flavored with blueberries. Substitutes: cr\ufffdme de cassis [PAR] [PAR] cr\ufffdme de p\ufffdche = creme de peche Pronunciation: KREM de PESH"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Italian Castle Hotels Lombardy and Piedmont Italian Castle Hotels Lombardy and Piedmont [PAR] Some great reasons to visit [PAR] [PAR] LOMBARDY [PAR] Milan If you\u2019re traveling about northern Italy, sooner or later you\u2019ll pass through this sprawling, industrial city. Spend a day or two to visit the cathedral (Duomo), which is one of the largest in the world. Construction began in 1386 and finished in 1809 under order of Napoleon. Housed in a palace, the Brera Picture Gallery (Pinacoteca di Brera) is rich in works by Mantegna, Raphael, Bellini, Rembrandt, Goya, and Caravaggio. The Church of St. Mary of Grace (Santa Maria delle Grazie) is home Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s The Last Supper. Opera aficionados always enjoy a few hours at the La Scala Theatre Museum (Museo Teatrale alla Scala), a fascinating look back into the history of La Scala . [PAR] The Lake District One of Italy\u2019s most glorious regions, the Italian Lakes evoke romantic, fairytale-like vistas of blue waters at the foot of noble mountains, aristocratic villas, and terraced gardens overflowing with brilliant flowers. Each lake exudes a different atmosphere: Lake Como boasts precious, flower-filled villages, dreamy gardens, and castles and villas; Lake Maggiore, known for its legendary beauty, has an extraordinary variety of lush vegetation and exclusive lakeside villas; Lake Orta, one of the smallest of Italy\u2019s lakes, enjoys a mild climate, while the shores of Lake Garda, the largest, are covered with vineyards, cypresses, citrus, olive, and palm trees. [PAR] Lombardy\u2019s Renaissance Cities Surrounded by 16th-century Venetian walls, the Upper Town of Bergamo is filled with architectural treasures. Off the Piazza Vecchia, the Palazzo della Ragione is the oldest communal palace in Italy, dating from 1199. [PAR] Aldous Huxley called Mantua the most romantic city in the world (well, perhaps an exaggeration), but the Ducal Palace (Museo di Palazzo Ducale), with its 500 rooms and 15 courtyards, should appeal to subscribers of the \u201cmore is better\u201d lifestyle. [PAR] Finally, Cremona, known as the home of the world\u2019s most exquisite violins\u2014the Stradivarian Museum is a good start\u2014also hosts a magnificent cathedral (Duomo) with its Torrazzo, a beautiful campanile that is the tallest in Italy. [PAR] [PAR] PIEDMONT [PAR] Turin (Torino) Site of the 2006 Winter Olympics, this gracious city also plays host to the famous Shroud of Turin, which is tucked away in the Cattedrale di San Giovanni and seldom shown. The world-class Egyptian Museum (Museo Egizio and Galleria Sabauda) has an outstanding collection of Egyptology second only to Cairo and London, while the Galleria houses the extensive art collection of the House of Savoy. [PAR] Gourmet Delicacies! Foodies should make the pilgrimage to Alba and indulge in its delicious tartufi bianchi (white truffles) and wild mushrooms. [PAR] Ski Resorts In this region of Italy, you\u2019ll find ski resorts galore with some 400 km of slopes. Among the best are Sestriere, Claviere, Sansicario, Cesano Torinese, and Sauze d\u2019Oulx.[DOC] [TLE] A Tale of Four Regions: Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, and ... A Tale of Four Regions: Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna [PAR] A Tale of Four Regions: Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna [PAR] Instagram highlights of northern Italian treasures [PAR] \u201cOpen my heart and you will see [PAR] Graved inside of it, \u2018Italy\u2019 .\u201d \u2014 Robert Browning [PAR] It shouldn\u2019t be surprising that art, literature, and music are essential aspects of northern Italy. Surrounded by stunning natural beauty, dramatic history, and deep cultural traditions, it\u2019s easy to understand why writers (such as Browning), artists, and musicians have been enamored of and inspired by various locations in the four regions of Italy we visited on our latest trip \u2014"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does fakt mean? - Definitions.net What does fakt mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word fakt [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Fakt [PAR] Fakt is a Polish tabloid-style daily newspaper and the biggest-selling paper in the country, with a circulation of more than 500,000 and an estimated readership of 7 million. The paper was launched in October 2003 by the Polish outlet of the German publishing company Axel Springer AG, Axel Springer Polska, and modeled on Springer's German tabloid Bild, the biggest-selling newspaper in Europe. Like its German counterpart Bild, Fakt is characterised by its downmarket, often sensationalist journalism with a populist appeal. However, politically it is by and large centrist. More recently, it has supported former prime minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz's policies; Marcinkiewicz also regularly contributes invited comments. Other regular contributors of op-ed pieces include Tomasz Lis, a prominent television journalist with political ambitions, TVN anchorman Kamil Durczok, and former Rzeczpospolita columnist Maciej Rybi\u0144ski. Untypically for a tabloid and in contrast to its usual content, Fakt has a weekly supplement entitled Europa which contains high-brow essays by scholars and public intellectuals, which in 2006 have included Niall Ferguson, Francis Fukuyama, J\u00fcrgen Habermas, and Robert Kagan. [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of fakt in Chaldean Numerology is: 6 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europe and Central Asia | United Nations Europe and Central Asia | United Nations [PAR] Europe and Central Asia [PAR] Europe and Central Asia [PAR] Europe and Central Asia [PAR] The main centres of United Nations activity in Europe and Central Asia are Geneva, Switzerland, Vienna, Austria and The Hague in the Netherlands. Geneva is home to the UN Office at Geneva (UNOG) and the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). Vienna is home to the UN Office in Vienna (UNOV). The Hague is the seat of the International Court of Justice . There are also many regional and country offices of UN system entities, and UN political offices in Europe and Central Asia. [PAR] [PAR] An aerial view of the United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG), Switzerland. [PAR] UN Office at Geneva (UNOG) [PAR] The UN Office in Geneva located in Geneva, Switzerland, serves as the representative office of the Secretary-General at Geneva. It is a focal point for multilateral diplomacy, and services more than 8,000 meetings every year, making it one of the busiest conference centres in the world. With more than 1,600 staff, it is the biggest duty station outside of United Nations Headquarters in New York. There are many UN system entities with a presence in Geneva. [PAR] UN Office in Vienna (UNOV) [PAR] The UN Office in Vienna performs representation and liaison functions with permanent missions to the United Nations (Vienna), the host Government and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations in Vienna. There are many UN system entities with a presence in Vienna. [PAR] The Hague, International City of Peace and Justice [PAR] The Hague is the International City of Peace and Justice. There are 160 international organisations in The Hague, employing around 14,000 people dedicated to the cause of world peace. The seat of the International Court of Justice is at the Peace Palace in The Hague. Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York. [PAR] Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) [PAR] The major aim of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) , which has its Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, is to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it brings together 56 countries that are part of the European Union, non-EU Western and Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and North America. All these countries dialogue and cooperate under the aegis of UNECE on economic and sectoral issues. However, all interested United Nations member States may participate in the work of UNECE. Over 70 international professional organizations and other non-governmental organizations take part in UNECE activities. [PAR] UN Peacekeeping Operations in Europe and Central Asia [PAR] UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has Special and Personal Representatives, Envoys and Advisers in the European region. [PAR] Department of Political Affairs (DPA) [PAR] The UN\u2019s Department of Political Affairs works in the European region. [PAR] Department of Public Information (DPI) [PAR] There are UN Information Centres in the Europe and CIS region. [PAR] UN System Offices in Europe [PAR] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) [PAR] UNDP works in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. [PAR] United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) [PAR] UNICEF works in countries in Central and Eastern Europe, and the Commonwealth of Independent States. [PAR] United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) [PAR] UNFPA has country offices in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. [PAR] The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) [PAR] UNHCR works in Eastern Europe , South-Eastern Europe , and Northern, Western, Central and Southern Europe . [PAR] World Health Organization (WHO) [PAR] WHO Headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] England's Black Players - Index - England Football Online England's Black and Minority Ethnic Players - Index [PAR] Page Last Updated 15 November 2016 [PAR] [PAR] England's 80 Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Players [PAR] [PAR] 80 BME players have appeared for England through to the match against Spain on 15 November 2016. The first BME player at senior level, Viv Anderson, was the 936th player to appear for England since their first match in 1872. The most recent BME player to make his England debut, Jesse Lingard, was the 1217th player to appear for England. Thus, since the \"colour barrier\" 38 years ago, in November 1978, roughly one in every three and a half players making an England debut has been BME. [PAR] It may have been possible to have seen the first BME footballer playing for England back in October 1925 with London-born Jack Leslie, a prolific striker for Plymouth Argyle between 1920 & 1935, scoring over 400 goals. Leslie had been informed by his manager Bob Jack that he had been selected to play for England. He later received communication cancelling his call up to the England team stating that they didn't realise he was 'a man of colour'. Jack Leslie later remarked in 1982 to Brian Woolnough: \"They must have forgotten I was a coloured boy.\" [PAR] A decade later saw the emergence of another great - Hong Y Frank Soo, although born in Buxton, Derbyshire in 1914, he had a Chinese father. If it had not been for the outbreak of war, he would certainly have gained full international honours for England, as he was rated as one of the best inside forwards of the pre-war era. He gained nine wartime and victory caps. - Football fine art [PAR] Even before the time of Anderson, now relatively dubbed 'The First BME Player to Play for England', there is another candidate, and maybe if their was not the racism problems that blighted English football throughout the 1960's, then maybe a loud shout would have come from the Leeds United camp. Paul Reaney, allegedly of mixed-race. But without further evidence, other than a few objective photographs.... then if Reaney, why not Alf Ramsey? We are not ruling out Reaney, we just require more evidence.- CG [PAR] Perhaps race will be irrelevant one day, but that time has not yet arrived. While racism remains a problem in English football, these numbers indicate great strides forward have been taken at the level of national team selection. We have not made a count, but we doubt any other European national side, with the possible exception of France, comes close to England in number of BME players. [PAR] That is not to say racial considerations have not influenced England squad and team selections. We have no way of knowing whether or not they have. But we do know that, according to a former England manager, Football Association officials on at least one occasion tried to make race a consideration in England team selection. [PAR] Vivek Chaudhary reported in The Guardian of 24 January 2004 that a former England manager had \"alleged that during his tenure he was told by senior FA officials not to pick too many black players.\" The manager, Chaudhary wrote,\"claims that he was called into an office where two senior FA officials were present and they told him that his England team should be made up of predominantly white footballers.\" [PAR] Chaudhary's story said the manager, who \"has a long history of closely working with some of England's leading black players over the past 25 years,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Elvis Presley [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 302 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (10) | Trivia (225) | Personal Quotes (36) | Salary (24) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] The King of Rock 'n' Roll [PAR] Height [PAR] 5' 11\u00be\" (1.82 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (n\u00e9e Gladys Love Smith) and Vernon Presley (Vernon Elvis Presley). He had a twin brother who was stillborn. In September 1948, Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee where he attended Humes High School. In 1953, he attended the senior prom with the current girl he was courting, Regis Wilson. After graduating from high school in Memphis, Elvis took odd jobs working as a movie theater usher and a truck driver for Crown Electric Company. He began singing locally as \"The Hillbilly Cat\", then signed with a local recording company, and then with RCA in 1955. [PAR] Elvis did much to establish early rock and roll music. He began his career as a performer of rockabilly, an up-tempo fusion of country music and rhythm and blues, with a strong backbeat. His novel versions of existing songs, mixing 'black' and 'white' sounds, made him popular - and controversial - as did his uninhibited stage and television performances. He recorded songs in the rock and roll genre, with tracks like \"Jailhouse Rock\" and \"Hound Dog\" later embodying the style. Presley had a versatile voice and had unusually wide success encompassing other genres, including gospel, blues, ballads and pop music. Teenage girls became hysterical over his blatantly sexual gyrations, particularly the one that got him nicknamed \"Elvis the Pelvis\" (television cameras were not permitted to film below his waist). [PAR] In 1956, following his six television appearances on The Dorsey Brothers' \"Stage Show\", Elvis was cast in his first acting role, in a supporting part in Love Me Tender (1956), the first of 33 movies he starred in. [PAR] In 1958, Elvis was drafted into the military, and relocated to Bad Nauheim, Germany. There he met and fell in love with 14-year old army damsel Priscilla Ann Wagner ( Priscilla Presley ), whom he would eventually marry after an eight-year courtship, and with whom he had his only child, Lisa Marie Presley . Elvis' military service and the \"British Invasion\" of the 1960s reduced his concerts, though not his movie/recording income. [PAR] Through the 1960s, Elvis settled in Hollywood, where he starred in the majority of his thirty-three movies, mainly musicals, acting alongside some of the most well known actors in Hollywood. Critics panned most of his films, but they did very well at the box office, earning upwards of $150 million total. His last fiction film, Change of Habit (1969), deals with several social issues; romance within the clergy, an autistic child, almost unheard of in 1969, rape, and mob violence. It has recently received critical acclaim. [PAR] Elvis made a comeback in the 1970s with live concert appearances starting in early 1970 in Las Vegas with over 57 sold-out shows. He toured throughout the United States, appearing on-stage in over 500 live appearances, many of them sold out shows. His marriage ended in divorce, and the stress of constantly traveling as well as his increasing weight gain and dependence upon stimulants and depressants took their toll. [PAR] Elvis Presley died at age 42 on August 16, 1977 at his mansion in Graceland,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carry On Regardless - The Carry On Collection Wiki - Wikia Carry On Regardless | The Carry On Collection Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Carry On Cruising [PAR] Carry on Regardless was the fifth in the series of Carry On films to be made. It was released in 1961. By now a fairly regular team was established with Sid James , Kenneth Connor , Charles Hawtrey , Joan Sims and Kenneth Williams all having appeared in previous entries. Hattie Jacques - who was also a regular - makes a cameo appearance during a hospital scene. \"Professor\" Stanley Unwin appears in a guest role, playing his trademark \"gobbledegook\" speaking act. This would be the final appearance in the series for early regular Terence Longdon . Liz Fraser makes her debut in Carry On Regardless and would appear in a further three Carry On films ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2004 chuetsu earthquake : definition of 2004 chuetsu ... 2004 chuetsu earthquake : definition of 2004 chuetsu earthquake and synonyms of 2004 chuetsu earthquake (English) [PAR] 5 External links [PAR] Details [PAR] The first quake struck the Chuetsu area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan with a reading of 7 on the Japanese shindo scale at Kawaguchi, Niigata . On the Richter scale , the moment magnitude of the earthquake is estimated at 6.8. For comparison, the Great Hanshin earthquake , which devastated much of Kobe , measured 7 on the shindo scale, with a magnitude of 7.2. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 15.8 km. The JMA gave the coordinates of the earthquake as 37\u00b018\u2032N 138\u00b048\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff37.3\u00b0N 138.8\u00b0E\ufeff / 37.3; 138.8 Coordinates : 37\u00b018\u2032N 138\u00b048\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff37.3\u00b0N 138.8\u00b0E\ufeff / 37.3; 138.8 . [PAR] A second earthquake occurred at 6:12 p.m. (16 minutes after the first). This one, at a much shallower depth, also caused a shindo of 6+ and had a magnitude of 5.9. A third, at 6:34, had a shindo of 6\u2212. At 7:46, another shindo 6\u2212 earthquake occurred. Intervening and subsequent earthquakes of lesser intensity also shook the region. During the first 66 hours, 15 earthquakes with intensities of shindo 5\u2212 or higher rocked the Chuetsu region. [PAR] In a press release, the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) of the Government of Japan published preliminary estimates that a fault having a length of 22 km and a width of 17 km moved approximately 1.4 m. [PAR] This was the deadliest earthquake to strike Japan since the January 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake . [PAR] Damage [PAR] Damaged road; photo taken in October, 2004, Ojiya [PAR] As late as November 3, the 39th fatality attributable to the earthquakes occurred as perceptible aftershocks continued. Over 3,000 injuries were reported in Niigata Prefecture. Over one hundred thousand people fled their homes. The earthquakes caused houses to collapse in Ojiya and damaged thousands in the area. [PAR] Disaster relief convoy of the Japan Self-Defense Forces [PAR] For the first time in its history, a Shinkansen train derailed while in service. Eight out of ten cars of the Toki 325 service (a 200 Series Shinkansen ) derailed on the Joetsu Shinkansen line between Nagaoka Station in Nagaoka and Urasa Station in Yamato ; no injuries were reported among the 155 passengers. The railbed, bridges and tunnels were all affected. East Japan Railway Company (JR East) stopped all trains in Niigata Prefecture, including the extensively damaged Joetsu Line , Shinetsu Main Line , Iiyama Line , Tadami Line and Echigo Line . Part of Nagaoka Station appeared ready to collapse as a result of an aftershock, but after a brief closure, the station reopened. [PAR] Soup is distributed to people left homeless by the earthquake [PAR] The section of the Joetsu Shinkansen between Echigo-Yuzawa Station and Tsubame-Sanjo Station closed. Buses transferred passengers between the two operating sections of the line: Tokyo Station to Echigo-Yuzawa Station and Tsubame-Sanjo Station to Niigata Station . [PAR] Derailed Joetsu Shinkansen train several days after the earthquake [PAR] On December 27, 2004, service resumed on all remaining parts of the Joetsu and Iiyama Lines reopened. On December 28, 2004, the Joetsu Shinkansen also reopened, the last to do so. [PAR] Japan Highways closed all expressways in Niigata Prefecture. Closures affected the Kanetsu Expressway and the Hokuriku Expressway . As of November 4, the Kanetsu Expressway remained closed between Nagaoka Interchange and Koide Interchange. This segment reopened on November 5. [PAR] Landslides and other problems forced closure of two national highways, Route 8 and Route 17 , as well"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Avon Founder - David H. McConnell Avon Founder - David H. McConnell [PAR] Print [PAR] Avon Founder David H. McConnell - Creating the Company for Women [PAR] Avon Founder David H. McConnell offered women a rarity in 19th century America: a chance at financial independence. In 1886, it was practically unheard of for a woman to run her own business. Only about 5 million women in the United States were working outside the home, let alone climbing the ranks of any corporate ladder. That number accounted for just 20% of all women. [PAR] On the heels of the Industrial Revolution in the United States, women were mainly confined to jobs in agriculture, domestic service and manufacturing, not exactly glamorous lines of work; the manufacturing sector, in particular, was notorious for its dangerous working conditions. On top of that, women\u2019s wages across the board were a fraction of men\u2019s. [PAR] For many women, McConnell would radically alter that scenario. The man behind the company for women was the son of Irish immigrants and grew up on a farm. Yet, it was this young man from rural New York, a visionary leader decades ahead of his time, who would become a pioneer in empowering women. McConnell, a bookseller-turned-perfume entrepreneur, would offer women the opportunity to create and manage their own businesses through what later became known as direct selling. [PAR] Origins of an Idea [PAR] In his travels as a book salesman, McConnell made two important discoveries. First, he quickly noticed that his female customers were far more interested in the free perfume samples he offered than they were in his books. He made these fragrances himself to serve as \u201cdoor openers\u201d when he traveled from home to home. Second, McConnell saw women struggling to make ends meet and recognized in many of them natural salespeople who would easily relate to other women and passionately market the products his new company would first sell -- perfumes. [PAR] McConnell's First Sales Representative [PAR] McConnell\u2019s first recruit for Avon, then known as the California Perfume Company, was Mrs. P.F.E. Albee of New Hampshire. Not only did he provide Mrs. Albee and other early Representatives with an earnings opportunity when employment options for women were extremely limited, he fostered a supportive environment with a familial feel. (The company newsletter was even called the \u201cFamily Album.\u201d) In one of his regular letters to Representatives, he wrote: \u201cAll success lies in one\u2019s self and not in external conditions. \u2026 Misfortunes are only a discipline, and there are possibilities which often are awakened by them which suggest to us the power and strength we possess, that perhaps otherwise would never have been recognized.\u201d No wonder the Representative ranks rose to 5,000 in just 13 short years. [PAR] Power of the Product and the People [PAR] To McConnell, the product and the people were everything to the company, and he dedicated himself to ensuring that both would be successful. In addition to inspiring the Representatives, McConnell also wanted to encourage the company's employees with the same positive spirit. A century before it would become de rigueur for companies to institute employee incentive programs and hire hordes of consultants to make sure employees were happy, motivated and productive, McConnell knew just how to rally the troops. The motivational leader created a set of guiding principles that are still the heart and spirit of Avon today. They include: [PAR] Providing an earnings opportunity so individuals can achieve financial independence and enjoy all that comes with such an accomplishment. [PAR] Recognizing everyone's unique contributions. [PAR] Giving back to the communities"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amanita caesarea, Caerer's mushroom, Tom Volk's Fungus of ... Amanita caesarea, Caerer's mushroom, Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for March 2002 [PAR] Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for March 2002 [PAR] This month's fungus is Amanita caesarea, Caesar's mushroom. [PAR] For the rest of my pages on fungi, please click TomVolkFungi.net [PAR] Beware the Ides of March. [PAR] Amanita is a well-defined genus of mycorrhizal Agaricales (gill forming mushrooms) that have a white spore print, gills (lamellae) that are free from the stipe (stalk) and a universal veil covering the young mushroom buttons. When the mushroom expands, the universal veil is broken; the bottom of the universal veil forms the cup shaped volva at the base of the mature mushroom. The top of the universal veil is often left at the top of the mushroom cap, forming a patch or sometimes breaking up into scaly floccules. Most species also have a partial veil, a membranous structure that protects the developing gills of the young mushroom. When the mushroom cap expands, the partial veil breaks and is left as a ring (annulus) on the stalk. See the picture to the right for labeling of these various parts of the mature mushrooms and the expanding button. Some Amanita species, such as A. fulva and A. vaginata lack the partial veil and annulus. Almost all other genera of mushrooms lack the universal veil and volva-- a notable exception is Volvariella, but that genus has a pink spore print and always grows on wood or other debris, including other mushrooms. [PAR] As you might guess from the name, Amanita caesarea was a favorite of the emperors of the Roman Empire, the Caesars. Perhaps Julius Caesar ate a meal of this delicious mushroom before Brutus did him in on the Ides of March (March 15). Et tu Brute? [PAR] However, the most famous killing involving Amanita took place in ancient Rome circa 50-60 A.D. The Emperor Claudius had ascended to the throne after the assassination of his nephew Caligula. We've all heard about the decadence (and Roman porno movies, such as \"Veni, Vidi, Veni\") associated with Caligula. Anyway, Claudius had several wives, but finally married his fourth wife Agrippina, who was also his niece. Agrippina already had a son from a previous marriage, Nero, for whom she had great plans. She persuaded Claudius to adopt Nero, putting him in line for the throne, should something happen to Claudius. (You can see where this is going already.) Agrippina was an impatient woman, and could not wait for a natural death for Claudius; she plotted to kill him by feeding Claudius his favorite meal, Amanita caesarea, laced with extracts from Amanita phalloides, the death cap. When the symptoms set in the next day, a co-conspirator doctor Xenophon administered an enema of colocynth, a potent toxin from a plant called bitter apple, which together with the mushroom toxin killed Claudius. Nero and his fiddle thus became emperor, and the rest, as they say, is history. [PAR] It is pretty well accepted that true Amanita caesarea does not exist in North America, having been described from the Italian region. So although Amanita caesarea is the fungus of the month, none of the picture on this page are really Amanita caesarea. To the right is (probably) Amanita hemibapha from Texas; the pictures above, from Connecticut, are likely Amanita jacksonii. These two species are collective called the \"American Caesar's Mushroom.\" As currently circumscribed, Amanita species are very narrowly defined, and species identification is difficult, at best. There are significant microscopic differences between the three species, and until"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nicolaus Copernicus Biography: Facts and Discoveries Nicolaus Copernicus Biography: Facts and Discoveries [PAR] The Copernican Planisphere, illustrated in 1661 by Andreas Cellarius. [PAR] Credit: Public domain [PAR] In the early 1500s, when virtually everyone believed Earth was the center of the universe, Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun. Although his model wasn't completely correct, it formed a strong foundation for future scientists to build on and improve mankind's understanding of the motion of heavenly bodies. [PAR] Indeed, other astronomers built on Copernicus\u2019 work and proved that our planet is just one world orbiting one star in a vast cosmos loaded with both, and that we\u2019re far from the center of anything. [PAR] [See also our overview of Famous Astronomers and great scientists from many fields who have contributed to the rich history of discoveries in astronomy.] [PAR] Here is a brief biography of Copernicus: [PAR] Celestial education [PAR] Born on Feb. 19, 1473, in Poland, Copernicus traveled to Italy at the age of 18 to attend college, where he prepared for a career in the church. As part of his education, he studied astrology \u2014 reading the stars to learn about future events \u2014 because at the time it was felt important for priests and doctors. Astronomy, the motion of heavenly bodies, was an important element of this. (Today, astronomy is a recognized science, whereas astrology is not .) [PAR] Nicolaus Copernicus [PAR] Credit: Public Domain [PAR] While attending the University of Bologna, he lived and worked with astronomy professor Domenico Maria de Novara, doing research and helping him make observations of the heavens. When he returned to Poland to take up official duties in Frauenburg, his room in one of the towers surrounding the town boasted an observatory, giving him ample time and opportunity to study the night sky. Copernicus never took orders as a priest, but instead continued to work as a cleric. [PAR] A new model [PAR] In Copernicus' lifetime, most believed that Earth held its place at the center of the universe. The sun, the stars, and all of the planets revolved around it. [PAR] One of the glaring mathematical problems with this model was that the planets, on occasion, would travel backward across the sky over several nights of observation. Astronomers called this retrograde motion . To account for it, the current model, based on the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy's view, incorporated a number of circles within circles \u2014 epicycles \u2014 inside of a planet's path. Some planets required as many as seven circles, creating a cumbersome model many felt was too complicated to have naturally occurred. [PAR] In 1514, Copernicus distributed a handwritten book to his friends that set out his view of the universe. In it, he proposed that the center of the universe was not Earth, but that the sun lay near it. He also suggested that Earth's rotation accounted for the rise and setting of the sun, the movement of the stars, and that the cycle of seasons was caused by Earth's revolutions around it. Finally, he (correctly) proposed that Earth's motion through space caused the retrograde motion of the planets across the night sky (planets sometimes move in the same directions as stars, slowly across the sky from night to night, but sometimes they move in the opposite, or retrograde, direction). [PAR] It wasn't until he lay on his deathbed at the age of 70 that Copernicus published his book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (\"On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres\"). In it, Copernicus established that the planets orbited the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Connecticut - U.S. States - HISTORY.com Connecticut - U.S. States - HISTORY.com [PAR] Nickname(s): Constitution State; Nutmeg State; Land of Steady Habits; Provisions State [PAR] Motto: Qui Transtulit Sustinet (\u201cHe who transplanted still sustains\u201d) [PAR] Tree: White Oak [PAR] Bird: American Robin [PAR] Interesting Facts [PAR] The Fundamental Orders was the first constitution to be adopted by the American colonies in 1639. It established the structure and boundaries of the newly formed government and ensured the rights of free men to elect their public officials\u2014principles that were later embraced within the U.S. Constitution. [PAR] During a candle-lit dispute that occurred when Sir Edmund Andros attempted to seize Connecticut\u2019s Royal Charter by order of King James II in 1687, the lights went out and the charter was whisked away to safety amid the chaos. Captain Joseph Wadsworth hid the charter inside a grand white oak tree, which became a symbol of freedom and, later, the official state tree. [PAR] Benedict Arnold, whose name has become synonymous with the word \u201ctraitor\u201d after he conspired with the British to turn over the post at West Point in exchange for money and a command in the British Army, was born in Norwich, Connecticut. In 1781, he led British troops in the Battle of Groton Heights, which devastated New London, Connecticut. [PAR] The construction of Connecticut\u2019s Old State House was completed in 1796. In 1814, it hosted the Hartford Convention, a meeting of Federalist leaders in which the adoption of seven proposed amendments to the Constitution was considered by many to be treasonous. [PAR] Connecticut and Rhode Island were the only two states that failed to ratify the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol. [PAR] The USS Nautilus, the world\u2019s first nuclear submarine, was constructed in Groton, Connecticut, between 1952 and 1954. Much larger than its diesel-electric predecessors, it traveled at speeds in excess of 20 knots and could remain submerged almost indefinitely because its atomic engine required only a very small quantity of nuclear fuel and no air. After 25 years of service, the Nautilus was decommissioned and opened to the public as an exhibit in Groton. [PAR] The Connecticut-born Revolutionary soldier and spy Nathan Hale, who was hanged by the British in 1776, became Connecticut&rsquo;s official state hero in 1985. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV Cartoons on Pinterest | Hanna Barbera, Tweety and Cartoon 1000+ images about TV Cartoons on Pinterest | Tex avery, Ants and Scooby doo [PAR] \"The Mean Machine\" Wacky Races, Dick Dastardly and Muttley [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Art: The Black Paintings - Goya on Pinterest | Francisco ... 1000+ images about Art: The Black Paintings - Goya on Pinterest | Spanish, Laughing and Black painting [PAR] Forward [PAR] (Saturno devorando a su hijo), Saturn Devouring His Son, Francisco Goya, 1819-1823. ______ The image portrays the Roman god Saturn eating one of his children. Fearing a prophecy that one of his children would overthrow him, Saturn ate each of his children upon their birth. Goya depicts this act of cannibalism with startling savagery. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers - British ... British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers - British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers [PAR] 10, DOWNING STREET [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The five major political parties of the United Kingdom are the Liberal Democrats, the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Green Party and the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). [PAR] [PAR] The Liberal Democrats - who were originally founded in 1678 under the name of the Whig Party. During their history they have also been known as the Peelite Party, the Radicals and the Liberal Party. They have a classic liberalism and social liberalism ideology. [PAR] [PAR] The Conservative Party - also known as the Tories, which is a centre right party with a conservatism and strong British unity ideology, whose movement was founded in 1834. [PAR] The Labour Party - which is a centre left party with a socialist ideology, whose movement was founded in 1900. [PAR] [PAR] The Green Party - which is a centre left party with a strong environmentalist and eco-socialism ideology, which was founded in 1990. [PAR] [PAR] The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) - which is a far right party with an anti-federalist and right wing populism ideology, whose movement was founded in 1993. [PAR] [PAR] Major regional nationalist parties around the United Kingdom include; [PAR] The Ulster Unionist Party - which was formed in 1905, and The Democratic Ulster Unionist Party, formed in 1971, both of which are the two main political parties within Northern Ireland. [PAR] [PAR] Plaid Cymru - which was formed in 1925 and is a social democratic party striving for nationalism and independence in Wales. [PAR] The Scottish Nationalist Party - which was formed in 1934, which is a social democratic party striving for nationalism and independence in Scotland. [PAR] [PAR] U.K STAMPS ISSUED ON THE 14th OF OCTOBER 2014 [PAR] DEPICTING EIGHT FORMER PRIME MINISTERS [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The position of British Prime Minister was never created, but evolved over a number of years. Because of this modern historians have given the title of first British Prime Minister to that of Sir Robert Walpole, who ran King George I's government from 1721 - 1742, making his twenty one year tenure the longest of any British prime minister. [PAR] As Great Britain is a monarchy, both the government and monarchy were originally run as a single entity, with the highest ministerial position, that of the Lord of the Treasurer. [PAR] [PAR] After every British election, the leader of the winning party is invited to form a government by the serving monarch. [PAR] [PAR] As a serving prime minister, the man or woman who holds this title is the only person in the United Kingdom who is allowed to sit in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The prime minister is a commoner, therefore he or she is eligible to sit in the House of Commons, but the Lord of the Treasurer, which is one of the automatic titles of the prime minister, is a lord, thus enabling him or her to sit in the House of Lords. Even the monarch is denied this privilege, as two of the monarch's titles are Lord of Man and Lord High Admiral of the British Navy, thus only enabling him or her entry into the House of Lords. [PAR] At the end of a prime minister's tenure, it is customary for the monarch to award the outgoing prime minister with the Most Noble Order of the Garter, or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caen | Define Caen at Dictionary.com Caen | Define Caen at Dictionary.com [PAR] Caen [PAR] [kahn; French kahn] /k\u0251n; French k\u0251\u0303/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a city and the capital of Calvados, in NW France, SW of Le Havre: many Norman buildings destroyed 1944. [PAR] Calvados [PAR] [kal-vuh-dohs, -dos, kal-vuh-dohs, -dos; for 1 also French kal-va-daws] /\u02cck\u00e6l v\u0259\u02c8do\u028as, -\u02c8d\u0252s, \u02c8k\u00e6l v\u0259\u02ccdo\u028as, -\u02ccd\u0252s; for 1 also French kal va\u02c8d\u0254s/ [PAR] Spell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weather Facts: Cirrus - Weather UK - weatheronline.co.uk Weather Facts: Cirrus | weatheronline.co.uk [PAR] Weather Facts | Wind of the World | Climate of the World | Weather Lore | Weather Brains | Philip Eden | Oil spill | Fukushima | Volcanic ash | Video [PAR] Cirrus [PAR] Cirrus (Ci) - the name derives from the Latin cirrus = curl of hair, tuft or wisp. Cirrus cloud is a member of the ten fundamental cloud types (or cloud genera) and are wispy white high-altitude cloud formations occurring between about 5 to 13km (16,600 to 40,000ft). In fact, they are the highest of the main cloud genera, popularly known as 'mares' tails they may even form in the upper troposphere . [PAR] Cirrus clouds, or cirri (plural), generally occur as thin featherlike white, silky patches or fine, narrow bands. Shaped by strong winds in the upper atmosphere they may be curved, hooked, fairly straight or randomly entangled. They may be appearing grey when dense and seen against the light, and yellow, orange, pink, purple and reddish when illuminated by the lowering sun, while lower clouds are already submerged in the Earth's shadow. Parallel bands of cirrus, with or without billows, are often associated with the jet stream, which is often only made visible by the so-called jet stream cirrus . [PAR] Cirrus are composed of minute ice crystals, in regions where air temperature is lower than -20\u00b0C or -30\u00b0C. They may be caused by turbulence and wind shear, or by upper-tropospheric convection . Sometimes they are just blown out ice-crystals spreading from the top of a dying cumulonimbus or dissolving altocumulus . [PAR] Cirrus cloud frequently exhibit some halo phenomena, particularly mock suns and parts of haloes, shimmering in rainbow colours. Nowadays another method of cirrus formation is from the condensation trails of aircraft, often persisting for hours and spreading to cover large portions of the sky. Cirrus may be confused with cirrostratus, but true cirrus always occurs in relatively small patches or bands. Rounded cirriform heads or dense cirrus patches may be confused with cirrocumulus or even altocumulus. The only cloud type that develops from cirrus is cirrostratus. [PAR] Common types and varieties of cirrus: [PAR] Ci fibratus characterized by long fine striations; Ci uncinus looking like a hook or comma; Ci spissatus as dense cirrus patches; Ci vertebratus looking like ribs or fishbone and Ci radiatus , parallel bands apparently radiating from one point of the sky. [PAR] What do cirrus tell about the weather? [PAR] Cirrus are often an indication of the leading edge of a warm front at altitude, especially if they are spreading out from the west or south-west sector, thickening into a denser sheet of cirrostratus. The approaching depression is some 24 to 36 hours away. Jet stream cirrus are often indicating an depression or occlusion from the western sector, some 12 to 36 hours away. However, cirrus can also be true fair weather clouds. If they appear irregular and patchy, slowly shifting from easterly directions, often dissolving, they are indicating increasing high pressure and dry, sunny and quiet weather. [PAR] Advertisement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rising Damp - ITV Sitcom - British Comedy Guide Rising Damp - ITV Sitcom - British Comedy Guide [PAR] Ronnie Baxter and Vernon Lawrence [PAR] An unnamed northern university town is home to Rupert Rigsby, landlord of arguably the seediest, most run-down boarding house that England has to offer. His unlucky tenants include Ruth Jones, an administrator at the university; Alan, a medical student; and Philip, who is studying town and country planning. [PAR] Between them, Alan and Philip are the focus and foil of the majority of Rigsby's many prejudices, usually at the expense of his dignity and standing in the eyes of Miss Jones, with whom he is hopelessly and pathetically in love.[DOC] [TLE] Don Warrington: Rigsby's a racist - but that's not the ... Don Warrington: Rigsby's a racist - but that's not the real issue - Telegraph [PAR] Theatre [PAR] Don Warrington: Rigsby's a racist - but that's not the real issue [PAR] Don Warrington, star of the TV show Rising Damp, chats to Dominic Cavendish about directing the stage version, and about fame and racism in Britain. [PAR] Don Warrington will direct the return of Rising Damp. Photo: Martin Pope [PAR] Follow [PAR] When Don Warrington got a call asking him whether he wanted to direct Rising Damp on stage \u2013 exactly 40 years after he himself starred in the stage-play that resulted in one of the best-loved sitcoms of all time \u2013 he laughed. [PAR] \u201cThis came as a complete surprise,\u201d he explains, sitting in the rehearsal rooms at London\u2019s Menier Chocolate Factory , amid a mock-up of the boarding-house that helped both define the show and sum up the grotty, ungentrified Seventies. [PAR] \u201cI was on tour with Driving Miss Daisy, and my agent rang to say there was an offer for me to direct Rising Damp. The idea just made me burst out laughing. There\u2019s a neatness about it. I can see that. I asked my agent to read the script \u2013 she later rang back and said, 'I spent 90 happy minutes laughing away.' I thought, OK \u2013 then it must be alright. So I decided to say yes.\u201d [PAR] It\u2019s impossible to overstate how unfussed Warrington seems to be about Rising Damp being reborn, with himself \u2013 one of the enduringly popular show\u2019s four principal actors (two of whom, of course, are long dead) \u2013 at the helm. \u201cI don\u2019t know whether there\u2019s an appetite out there for it,\u201d he admits, and even adds: \u201cI said to myself 'Would I go and see it?\u2019 I wouldn\u2019t. I just wouldn\u2019t.\u201d [PAR] In conversation, he displays the same leisurely, lordly, amused, well-spoken manner that, in character as Philip Smith, a student of Town and Country Planning and the supposed son of an African Chief, so used to wind up Leonard Rossiter\u2019s Rupert Risgby, as the ever-angst, sardonic landlord flailed around in a miasma of suspicion, jealousy and toe-curling bigotry. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] James Graham: 'It was like Parliament on acid' [PAR] 15 May 2013 [PAR] Warrington, shortly to turn 61, first tried his hand at directing at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in 2010. His interest in this project is a pragmatic one. \u201cI took the view: if it\u2019s a bus I\u2019ll get on it \u2013 and see where it goes. I enjoy directing \u2013 this was an opportunity and I\u2019ve given it no more significance than that,\u201d he drawls. \u201cThe show was a long time ago and it doesn\u2019t exist in the same way for me as it does for other people. It\u2019s ever-present on TV . It\u2019s not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vitam in English, translation, Latin-English Dictionary Vitam in English, translation, Latin-English Dictionary [PAR] la Quos quoniam fortuna in nostram detulit potestatem, si, id quod facere debetis, rem publicam cum optimo quoque defendetis, certum est vobis vitam et pecuniam donare. Quapropter quid sentiatis proloquimini.' [PAR] latin-ancient [PAR] en \"If, therefore, now that fortune has put you in our power, you will take this opportunity to unite with the good citizens, in the defense of the commonwealth, I am determined to give you life and money: therefore speak openly your sentiments.\"\"\" [PAR] la Scio vitam esse brevem. [PAR] tatoeba [PAR] en I know that life is short. [PAR] la sorte et urna mores non discerni: suffragia et existimationem senatus reperta ut in cuiusque vitam famamque penetrarent. [PAR] latin-ancient [PAR] en The chances of the ballot do not discriminate men's characters; the voting and the judgment of the Senate were devised to reach the lives and reputations of individuals. [PAR] la sepulchrum Antiochiae ubi crematus, tribunal Epidaphnae quo in loco vitam finierat. [PAR] latin-ancient [PAR] en A cenotaph was raised at Antioch, where the body was burnt, a lofty mound at Epidaphna, where he had ended his life. [PAR] la accusatio tamen apud patres adseveratione eadem peracta, iuravitque Tiberius petiturum se vitam quamvis nocenti, nisi voluntariam mortem properavisset. [PAR] latin-ancient [PAR] en Yet the prosecution was continued in the Senate with the same persistency, and Tiberius declared on oath that he would have interceded for his life, guilty though he was, but for his hasty suicide. [PAR] la Opus iusti ad vitam, fructus autem impii ad peccatum. [PAR] tatoeba [PAR] en The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the wicked to sin. [PAR] la Nam carmina et versus, quibus totam vitam Maternus insumere optat (inde enim omnis fluxit oratio), neque dignitatem ullam auctoribus suis conciliant neque utilitates alunt; voluptatem autem brevem, laudem inanem et infructuosam consequuntur. [PAR] latin-ancient [PAR] en As for song and verse to which Maternus wishes to devote his whole life (for this was the starting-point of his entire argument), they bring no dignity to the author, nor do they improve his circumstances. [PAR] la Postero die mane in oppidum introit contioneque advocata Uticenses incolas cohortatus gratias pro eorum erga se studio agit, cives autem Romanos negotiatores et eos qui inter CCC, pecunias contulerant Varo et Scipioni multis verbis accusat et de eorum sceleribus longiore habita oratione ad extremum ut sine metu prodirent edicit: se eis dumtaxat vitam concessurum; bona quidem eorum se venditurum, ita tamen qui eorum ipse sua bona redemisset, se bonorum venditionem inducturum et pecuniam multae nomine relaturum, ut incolumitatem retinere posset. [PAR] latin-ancient [PAR] en Early on the morning of the following day he entered the place, summoned an assembly of the people, and thanked them for the affection they had shown to his cause. At the same time he censured severely, and enlarged upon the crime of the Roman citizens and merchants, and the rest of the three hundred, who had furnished Scipio and Varus with money; but concluded with telling them, that they might show themselves without fear, as he was resolved to grant them their lives, and content himself with exposing their effects to sale; but that he would give them notice when their goods were to be sold, and the liberty of redeeming them upon payment of a certain fine. [PAR] la Boudicca vitam veneno finivit. [PAR] latin-ancient [PAR] en Boudicea put an end to her life by poison. [PAR] la Multus hinc ipso de Augusto sermo, plerisque vana mirantibus, quod idem dies accepti quondam imperii"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision Song Contest 1956 | Eurovision Song Contest Eurovision Song Contest 1956 | Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] Show more [PAR] Eurovision Song Contest 1956 [PAR] The first ever Eurovision Song Contest took place in Lugano, Switzerland, at the Teatro Kursaal, on 24th of May 1956. [PAR] The first ever contest [PAR] Inspired by the Italian Sanremo Festival, the idea to organise a pan-European musicial competition was born at a meeting of the European Broadcasting Union in Monaco in 1955. It was decided that the first ever Eurovision Song Contest would be hosted the following year in the Swiss resort of Lugano. The 1956 Eurovision Song Contest was primarily a radio show, although some cameras were taping the contest for the few Europeans who had a television set at that time. [PAR] Lohengrin Filipello hosted the programme, which lasted 1 hour and 40 minutes. The seven participating countries each submitted two entries. The songs of the contest were not to exceed three and a half minutes, and the performers were accompanied by an orchestra of 24 musicians, led by Fernando Paggi. [PAR] Switzerland wins! [PAR] The winning song, as announced by the head of the jury, was Refrain, performed by Lys Assia from Switzerland (recent photo). Lys Assia is the only Swiss contestant to have ever won the Eurovision Song Contest, as Switzerland's other winner, C\u00e9line Dion, is French-Canadian. [PAR] Facts & figures [PAR] The broadcasters from Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom missed the deadline for participating in the first ever Eurovision Song Contest and only appeared one year later. Only solo artists were allowed to enter the contest. Groups were initially banned - a rule which would only be abolished in the 1970s; [PAR] All participating countries sent two jury members to Lugano in order to vote secretly on the songs. The jury members from Luxembourg could not make it to Lugano, so the EBU allowed Swiss nationals to vote on their behalf. The juries were allowed to vote for whatever country they wished to, including their own; [PAR] The scores of the voting have never been made public, leaving room for lots of speculation. Attempts to reconstruct the voting by interviewing jury members over the past five decades did not lead to any reliable outcome. [PAR] Facts & Figures[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision 1956 Results: Voting & Points Eurovision 1956 Results: Voting & Points [PAR] Eurovision 1956 Results: Voting & Points [PAR] 1957 \u00bb [PAR] The first Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] In 1955 a meeting was held in Monaco, where the members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) discussed the idea to create a pan-European music competition, inspired by the Italian Sanremo Music Festival. They decided to hold the first Eurovision Song Contest in the Swiss resort of Lugano the following year. [PAR] The first edition of Eurovision Song Contest was very different from today's contest: Seven countries participated with two songs each. The voting was secret and never made public, so no scoreboard. Luxembourg asked Switzerland to vote on its behalf, and Switzerland won. The programme only lasted for 1 hour and 40 minutes (The Grand Final of Eurovision 2015 lasted 4 hours). Only one artist was allowed on stage, and songs couldn't be longer than 3 minutes and 30 seconds (3:00 minutes today). [PAR] The programme was mainly made for radio, but one single camera was in the studio for the benefit of the few Europeans who possessed a television. [PAR] And the first winner of Eurovision Song Contest: Lys Assia from Switzerland with the song \"Refrain\" [PAR] [PAR] Eurovision Song Contest 1956 [PAR] Eurovision Song"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Waas - Climbing, Hiking, Mountaineering : SummitPost Mount Waas : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost [PAR] Images [PAR] Overview [PAR] The peaks in the La Sal Mountains are often viewed, but realitively few people climb them. They form the famous backdrop behind such famous areas as Arches National Park, Canyonlands, and Moab. Less famous, but just as spectacular it the view from the east and near Gateway Colorado. The La Sal means \"The Salt\" in Spanish and the mountains were named by the Dominguez/Escalante Expedition in 1776. There are two stories about the naming of the La Sals. The first is that they were named because the soils and valleys surrounding the mountains contain salt. The second is that since the Dominguez/Escalante party passed through the area in August, they just couldn't believe the mountains were covered with snow, so they assumed they were covered with salt as are some of the surrounding valleys. Since summer temperatures often soar to 110F or higher in the valleys, the story isn't as far-fetched as it may seem. [PAR] As Grand County's high point, Mount Waas is the fourth tallest of Utah's county peaks. It is also the fourth highest peak in the LaSals, and the highest in the north half of the LaSals. It is sometimes known on older maps as Mount Nas or Mount Nass. Really old maps simply label the peak as La Sal. [PAR] Mount Watson was used as a survey station as early as 1882 the peak had a \"heliograph station\" on the summit during the 1880's. The station was run by the Coat Gurad and Geodetic Survey to determine altitudes and locations. [PAR] Mount Wass is probably the most difficult to climb of any of the higher La Sal peaks. There are no technical routes, but there are many large boulders and loose talus to deal with. [PAR] Note on the name of the peak: I believe the mountian was probably named for WAAS. WAAS is an extremely accurate navigation system developed for civil aviation. Before WAAS, the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) did not have the ability to provide horizontal and vertical navigation for precision approach operations for all users at all locations. Nas or Nass is the name on older maps of the peak. [PAR] It is also possible that the name stems from Ute origin. Waas also apparently means \"man\" in the ute language. [PAR] Looking south from the summit of Mt. Waas in July. [PAR] Getting There [PAR] The easiest route goes north from Beaver Basin (Beaver Basin is located on the east side of the LaSals). A 4WD high-clearance vehicle is required. Alternate routes from Miner's Basin are longer and more strenuous due to their distance from Mt Waas; the road to Miner's Basin is also 4WD. [PAR] (Credits: SP member LonePeakFreak helped to update these directions). [PAR] Beaver Basin: [PAR] Drive north out of Moab on U.S. Highway 191 for 2.3 miles. Just before crossing the Colorado River, turn right (east) on Utah Highway 128, which runs right next to the Colorado, with beautiful views of the river as well as the redrock canyon walls. [PAR] In about 15 1/2 miles, turn right at the signs to Castle Valley and La Sal Loop Road. [PAR] From the turnoff to Castle Valley on Hwy 128 it is approximately 25.8 miles to Beaver Basin. Reset your odometer here. A high-clearance vehicle is required to make it all the way to the Basin. [PAR] Follow the main road (Mountain Valley Road) southward as it gradually gains elevation toward the mountains."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mrs. Chippy's Last Expedition: The Remarkable Journal of ... Mrs. Chippy's Last Expedition: The Remarkable Journal of Shackleton's Polar-Bound Cat: Caroline Alexander: 9780060932619: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] From Kirkus Reviews [PAR] A shaggy-cat tale, in which Alexander (The Way to Xanadu, 1994, etc.) gives us the feline perspective on travel and exploration in turn-of-the-century Antarctica. Mrs. Chippy is a cat--a tomcat, actually, but a very elegant one whose grace and manners and devotion to his master (Harry ``Chippy'' McNeish) inspired the joke that they are as good as married. Chippy McNeish is ship's carpenter aboard the Endurance, which set sail from London on August 1, 1914, on a voyage to the South Pole that was led by Sir Ernest Shackleton and the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Mrs. Chippy has her role to play, of course, and it is no small one: hunting mice, keeping watch on deck, and looking after the general well-being of her master and his crewmates. He tells his story through the pages of his journal, which record the daily rituals of weather, naps, navigation, and meals. Once they find themselves stranded in a sea of ice, however, the expedition is forced to encamp for the duration, hoping that their rations will hold out until the thaws--which, as it turned out, were nearly a year in coming. Mrs. Chippy keeps a more level head than most of his crewmates during this long confinement, and he may actually have been their salvation insofar as he injected a familiar note of domesticity and routine into the hardships of their situation (``I myself am very disciplined by nature and have set myself a strict winter regime: Wake at 2:00 p.m.; stretch, wash, take breakfast by the galley stove, greet shipmates, etc.''). By the end, when the ice floes break and the Weddell Sea is open once more, Mrs. Chippy is more popular than ever. Too cute for comfort: after about 20 pages of this, even cat- lovers may find themselves feeling pretty seasick. (12 b&w photos, not seen) -- Copyright \u00a91997, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved. --This text refers to the Audio Cassette edition.[DOC] [TLE] Purr-n-Fur UK | Mrs Chippy, of Shackleton's Endurance Purr-n-Fur UK | Mrs Chippy, of Shackleton's Endurance [PAR] Left-click thumbnails for enlargements (JavaScript should be enabled), [PAR] but please allow all images to load before doing so, or some may not display [PAR] (if this happens, use Refresh from your toolbar to reload the page) [PAR] Mrs Chippy was the tabby cat that accompanied Ernest Shackleton and his crew on board the Endurance when they set sail from the East India Docks in London on 1 August 1914, bound for the Antarctic, initially South Georgia. In spite of the name he was a tough tomcat from Glasgow, and he belonged to Henry (Harry) McNish, ship's carpenter and master shipwright. While preparing for the trip McNish found the cat curled up in one of his toolboxes, as though determined to be included, and that was what made his master decide \u0097 having earlier been unsure whether or not to take him \u0097 that a cat would be a good companion on the voyage and that he should go along. [PAR] Shackleton was pleased to have the cat join the crew, as a good mouser was important on board ship to keep rodents under control and prevent them damaging the stores (as of course the crew of Amethyst would later confirm: see the story of Simon and HMS Amethyst ). It is said that when master and cat came on board, Mrs Chippy followed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best of Both Worlds - YouTube Best of Both Worlds - YouTube [PAR] Best of Both Worlds [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Apr 6, 2006 [PAR] i don't own hannah montana videos. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Hannah Montana - The Best Of Both Worlds - YouTube Hannah Montana - The Best Of Both Worlds - YouTube [PAR] Hannah Montana - The Best Of Both Worlds [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 16, 2010 [PAR] Music video by Hannah Montana performing The Best Of Both Worlds. (P) 2006 The copyright in this audiovisual recording is owned by Walt Disney Records under exclusive licence to EMI Records Ltd [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beaufort Wind Force Scale - STORMFAX Beaufort Wind Scale [PAR] Beaufort Wind Scale [PAR] Devised by British Rear-Admiral, Sir Francis Beaufort in 1805 [PAR] based on observations of the effects of the wind [PAR] Beaufort [PAR] Effects observed on the sea [PAR] Effects observed on land [PAR] Sea is like a mirror [PAR] 1 [PAR] Ripples with appearance of scales; no foam crests [PAR] 2 [PAR] Small wavelets; crests of glassy appearance, not breaking [PAR] 3 [PAR] Large wavelets; crests begin to break; scattered whitecaps [PAR] 4 [PAR] Small waves, becoming longer; numerous whitecaps [PAR] 5 [PAR] Moderate waves, taking longer form; many whitecaps; some spray [PAR] 6 [PAR] Larger waves forming; whitecaps everywhere; more spray [PAR] 7 [PAR] Sea heaps up; white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks [PAR] 8 [PAR] 18-25 [PAR] Gale [PAR] Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift; foam is blown in well-marked streaks [PAR] 9 [PAR] 23-32 [PAR] Strong gale [PAR] High waves; sea begins to roll; dense streaks of foam; spray may begin to reduce visibility [PAR] 10 [PAR] 29-41 [PAR] Storm [PAR] Very high waves with overhanging crests; sea takes white appearance as foam is blown in very dense streaks; rolling is heavy and visibility is reduced [PAR] 11 [PAR] Exceptionally high waves; sea covered with white foam patches; visibility further reduced [PAR] 12 [PAR] Air filled with foam; sea completely white with driving spray; visibility greatly reduced [PAR] * World Meteorological Organization [PAR] Fujita Scale of Tornado Intensity [PAR] STORMFAX and the STORMFAX logos are registered trademarks in the United States and Canada [PAR] Please read our Legal Notice and our Privacy Statement. [PAR] \u00a91996-2017 STORMFAX[DOC] [TLE] Online calculator: Beaufort scale - planetcalc Online calculator: Beaufort scale [PAR] wind speed: <1 knots (<0.3 m/s) [PAR] wave height: no waves [PAR] sea: Flat, like a mirror [PAR] land: Smoke rises vertically [PAR] Beaufort number 1 - Light air [PAR] wind speed: 1-2 knots (0.3-1.5 m/s) [PAR] wave height: 0.33ft (0.1 m) [PAR] sea: Ripples without crests. [PAR] land: Direction of wind shown by smoke drift only [PAR] Beaufort number 2 - Light breeze [PAR] wind speed: 3-6 knots (1.5-3.3 m/s) [PAR] wave height: 0.66ft (0.2 m) [PAR] sea: Small wavelets. Crests of glassy appearance, not breaking. [PAR] land: Wind felt on exposed skin. Leaves rustle. [PAR] Beaufort number 3 - Gentle breeze [PAR] wind speed: 7-10 knots (3.3-5.5 m/s) [PAR] wave height: 2ft (0.6 m) [PAR] sea: Large wavelets. Crests begin to break; scattered whitecaps. [PAR] land: Leaves and smaller twigs in constant motion. [PAR] Beaufort number 4 - Moderate breeze [PAR] wind speed: 11-15 knots (5.5-8.0 m/s) [PAR] wave height: 3.3ft (1 m) [PAR] sea: Small waves becoming longer, fairly frequent white horses. [PAR] land: Dust and loose paper raised. Small branches begin to move. [PAR] Beaufort number 5 - Fresh breeze [PAR] wind speed: 16-20 knots (8.0-10.8 m/s) [PAR] wave height: 6.6ft (2 m) [PAR] sea: Moderate waves taking more pronounced long form. Many white horces, chance of some spray. [PAR] land: Branches of a moderate size move. Small trees begin to sway. [PAR] Beaufort number 6 - Strong breeze [PAR] wind speed: 21-26 knots (10.8-13.9 m/s) [PAR] wave height: 9.9ft (3 m) [PAR] sea: Larger waves begin to form. Spray is present. White foam crests are everywhere. [PAR] land: Large branches in motion. Whistling heard in overhead wires. Umbrella use becomes difficult. Empty plastic garbage cans tip over. [PAR] Beaufort number 7 - Near gale [PAR] wind speed: 27-33 knots (13.9-17.2 m/s) [PAR] wave height: 13.1ft"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Decimal Coins of the UK - The Change to Decimal Coinage Decimal Coins of the UK - The Change to Decimal Coinage [PAR] The Change to Decimal Coinage [PAR] Pictures of Decimal Coins [PAR] Decimalisation Day [PAR] D-Day was February 15th 1971. On that day the United Kingdom changed from the centuries old tradition of using 12 pence to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound to a new decimal 100 new pence to the pound. [PAR] Options considered [PAR] There had been much debate as to the best way of implementing the switch. [PAR] Australia used a dollar valued at ten old shillings, making the new cent equal to 1.2 old pence, a small change in value. [PAR] An alternative was to go to a pound-mil system, with a mil equal to 0.24 old pence, a latter-day successor to the farthing. [PAR] Another was to keep the penny and have a new unit at 100 pence (eight shillings and fourpence). [PAR] However, in the UK the pound was considered to be particularly important because of the UK's international trading status. In addition, having a new penny worth 2.4 old pence was less of a problem as inflation had made its purchasing power insignificant. As a temporary measure a half new penny was introduced, but as will be seen this had a short life. There was even a pattern quarter penny made in aluminium, but this was not proceeded with. [PAR] It was realised at the time that the decision was made that the life of the halfpenny would be very short, but it was felt necessary despite the considerable extra cost of having to mint the coin. Banks never accepted transactions involving an odd halfpenny. [PAR] The Timetable for the Change [PAR] The change was made gradually over three years, in a number of stages. [PAR] In 1968 new shillings and florins were issued as 5 new pence and 10 new pence coins. The older shillings and florins continued to circulate long after decimalisation until the size of the coins was reduced. Theoretically silver coins from 1816 could still have been found in change, but the active withdrawal of silver in the years following the change in 1947, followed by the combination of a dramatic rise in the price of silver with devaluation in 1967 meant that silver coins rapidly vanished from circulation. [PAR] Blue plastic wallets containing the new 5p and 10p coins dated 1968, along with 1/2p, 1p and 2p coins dated 1971 were put on sale. These wallets are still very common. [PAR] In October 1969 the 50 new pence piece replaced the 10 shilling note, which ceased to be legal tender on 22nd November 1970. [PAR] The old halfpenny was demonetised on 1st August 1969. [PAR] The half-crown was demonetised on 1st January 1970. [PAR] The remaining decimal coins became legal tender on 15th February 1971. Maundy coins (and silver threepenny pieces of Maundy design, i.e. with a crowned three on the reverse) were revalued as being in new pence at the same time. [PAR] The changeover was so rapid that the old penny and nickel brass threepence pieces had been removed from circulation by the end of 1971, although I know of one shop in the Yorkshire Dales which continued to use the old currency for a long time on the basis that 'this new-fangled stuff will never catch on'. [PAR] The old penny and threepence coins ceased to be legal tender on 31st August 1971, just over six months after D-day. It is no longer possible to exchange them for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many wings does a bee have? | Reference.com How many wings does a bee have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many wings does a bee have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] All castes and species of bee have four wings. The pair of wings that is closer to the head is always larger and folds over the rear pair when the bee is at rest. The rear pair is shorter and hooks into the forward pair when unfolded for flight. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The rear pair has a line of hooks on the front edge that connects into a line of grooves on the back edge of the other wings. This couples the wings together and makes them into a single, large flight surface. Some bees have very short rear wings and cannot fly. The wings beat very rapidly in short, choppy strokes that cause the wing surfaces to flop backward and reverse direction. This allows bees to fly despite their aerodynamics being very different from fixed-wing fliers like airplanes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daniel Defoe - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read ... Daniel Defoe - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss. [PAR] Daniel Defoe [PAR] Biography of Daniel Defoe [PAR] Daniel Defoe (1660?-1731), English businessman, journalist, pamphleteer and prolific author wrote Robinson Crusoe (1719); [PAR] \"For sudden joys, like griefs, confound at first.\" \u2026. I cast my eye to the stranded vessel, when, the breach and froth of the sea being so big, I could hardly see it, it lay so far off; and considered, Lord! how was it possible I could get on shore.--Ch. 3 [PAR] Crusoe's fictional autobiographical account of his twenty-eight years shipwrecked on a remote island against incredible odds is continued in The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1720). First published when he was almost sixty years old, Defoe is considered by many to have written the first English novel. He wrote Crusoe in the style of social realism in which he is the observant reporter, historian, humorist, and grand story teller. With his extraordinary bibliography comprising myriad historical, satirical and political writings, Defoe's most famous novel was an immediate success. [PAR] Many of Defoe's works are laden with irony, similar to how Jonathan Swift would write such works as Gulliver's Travels (1727). At various times writing under pseudonyms, Defoe also wrote essays on business; biographies; short stories; and poems including his famous The True-Born Englishman: A Satyr (1701) [PAR] Wherever God erects a house of prayer, [PAR] The Devil always builds a chapel there; [PAR] And 'twill be found, upon examination, [PAR] The latter has the largest congregation.--Part I, l. 1. [PAR] which won him court favour with then King William III. However, upon publication of \"The Shortest Way With Dissenters\" in 1702 he was charged with sedition and libel and sent to Newgate prison the following year. [PAR] Alas, the Church of England! What with Popery on one hand, and Schismatics on the other, how has She been crucified between two thieves. NOW, LET US CRUCIFY THE THIEVES! [PAR] Let her foundations be established upon the destruction of her enemies! The doors of Mercy being always open to the returning part of the deluded people, let the obstinate be ruled with the rod of iron! [PAR] Let all true sons of so holy and oppressed a Mother, exasperated by her afflictions, harden their hearts against those who have oppressed her!! [PAR] And may God Almighty put it into the hearts of all the friends of Truth, to lift up a Standard against Pride and ANTICHRIST! that the Posterity of the Sons of Error may be rooted out from the face of this land, for ever! [PAR] During his imprisonment he wrote \"Hymn to the Pillory\" which won him much favour with the crowds; [PAR] ...let all the statesmen stand; [PAR] Who guide us with unsteady hand; [PAR] Who armies, fleets, and men betray; [PAR] And ruin all the shortest way. [PAR] Let all those soldiers stand in sight. [PAR] Who're willing to be paid and not to fight. [PAR] Agents, and Colonels, who false musters bring, [PAR] To cheat their country first, then their King. [PAR] In 1685 Defoe had participated in the Monmouth Rebellion against James II and he also served time in prison for debts incurred after failed speculative business ventures. Although Defoe was actively involved in the dissenting politics of his time, he is best remembered for his fictional works. They have inspired countless authors including Jules Verne and Robert Louis Stevenson , authors who also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australia's Uranium | Uranium Mining in Australia - World ... Australia's Uranium | Uranium Mining in Australia - World Nuclear Association [PAR] Australia's Uranium [PAR] (Updated December 2016) [PAR] Australia's uranium has been mined since 1954, and three mines are currently operating. More are planned. [PAR] Australia's known uranium resources are the world's largest \u2013 almost one-third of the world total. [PAR] In 2015-16 Australia produced 8186 tonnes of U3O8 (6941 tU). It is the world's third-ranking producer, behind Kazakhstan and Canada. All production is exported. [PAR] Australia uses no nuclear power, but with high reliance on coal any likely carbon constraints on electricity generation will make it a strong possibility. [PAR] In May 2016 the South Australian government's royal commission on the nucear fuel cycle reported. Its main recommendation was for an international high-level nuclear waste repository, though this was not accepted. [PAR] The Australian economy is unique in the OECD in that about 20% of GDP is accounted for by mining and mining services (in 2012). Uranium is a small part of this economically, but in energy terms, uranium (3944 PJ in 2012-13) comprises one-quarter of energy exports. [PAR] In the 1930s ores were mined at Radium Hill and Mount Painter in SA to recover radium for medical purposes. As a result a few hundred kilograms of uranium were also produced. [PAR] Uranium ores as such were mined and treated in Australia initially from the 1950s until 1971. Radium Hill , SA, Rum Jungle , NT, and Mary Kathleen , Queensland, were the largest producers of uranium (as yellowcake). Production ceased either when ore reserves were exhausted or contracts were filled. Sales were to supply material primarily intended for USA and UK weapons programs at that time. However, much of it was used for electricity production. [PAR] The development of civil nuclear power stimulated a second wave of exploration activity in the late 1960s. A total of some 60 uranium deposits were identified from the 1950s through to the late 1970s, many by big companies with big budgets. (Since then only two significant new ones have been found: Kintyre and Beverley Four Mile. The minor exploration boom 2002-07 was driven by small companies focused on proving up known deposits.) [PAR] Mary Kathleen began recommissioning its mine and mill in 1974. Other developments were deferred pending the findings of the Ranger Uranium Environmental Inquiry, and its decision in the light of these. Mary Kathleen's second production phase was1976 to the end of 1982. [PAR] The Commonwealth Government announced in 1977 that new uranium mining was to proceed, commencing with the Ranger project in the Northern Territory. This mine opened in 1981. In 1979, Queensland Mines opened Nabarlek in the same region of Northern Territory. The orebody was mined out in one dry season and the ore stockpiled for treatment from 1980. The mine site is now rehabilitated. [PAR] A brief history of Australian uranium mining is appended. See also Former Australian Uranium Mines appendix. [PAR] Australian Uranium Production and Exports [PAR] [PAR] 6110 [PAR] 8186 [PAR] Calendar year 2011 U3O8 production: 2641 t from Ranger, 3954 t from Olympic Dam, 416 t from Beverley, 45 t from Honeymoon, total 7056 tonnes (5983 tU) [PAR] Calendar year 2012 U3O8 production: 3710 t from Ranger, 3992.5 t from Olympic Dam, 386.7 t from Beverley, 154.6 t from Honeymoon, total 8244 tonnes (6990.6 tU) [PAR] Calendar year 2013 U3O8 production: 2960 t from Ranger, 4008.7 t from Olympic Dam, 407.4 t from Beverley, 112 t from Honeymoon, total 7488 tonnes (6349.6 tU) [PAR] Calendar year 2014 U3O8 production: 1165 t"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chess problem terminology - Fact-index.com Chess problem terminology [PAR] Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index [PAR] Chess problem terminology [PAR] This is a list of terms used in chess problems . For a list of unorthodox pieces used in chess problems, see fairy chess piece . For a list of terms used in chess is general, see chess terminology . [PAR] Actual play - see post-key play. [PAR] Albino - a problem in which, at some point in the solution, a white pawn on its starting square makes each of its four possible moves (forward one square, forward two squares, capture to the left, capture to the right). If the same behaviour is exhibited by a black pawn, it is a Pickaninny. [PAR] Allumwandlung - a problem in which the solution includes pawn promotions to all possible pieces (in orthodox chess, to bishop, knight, rook and queen; in fairy chess, possibly to fairy pieces ). [PAR] Anticipated - if the theme and setting of a particular problem has already appeared in an earlier problem without the knowledge of the later composer, the problem is said to be anticipated. The position does not have to be exactly the same, just very similar. Where this is done deliberately by the later composer, the term plagiarised is more appropriate. There is a real chance of anticipation if the problem has a realitvely simply theme, since there are only a finite number of positions and themes, and chess problems have been composed for hundreds of years. However, anticipations are not always noticed immediately. [PAR] Aristocrat - a problem which has no pawnss in the initial position. [PAR] Babson task - a problem in which black promotion defences to all possible pieces are answered by white promotions to the same piece black has promoted to. An extreme form of Allumwandlung . [PAR] Block - a problem in which the key provides no threat, but instead puts black in a position of zugzwang , where every move leads to a mate. In a complete block, all of black's moves have mates provided in the set play and the key is simply a waiting move; in an incomplete block, not all black moves are provided with mates in the set play - the key provides for those that don't; in a mutate some of the mates provided in the set play are changed following the key. [PAR] By-play - variations not directly connected to the problem's theme. [PAR] Clearance - in general, the movement of one piece so that another can move to a particular square. In square vacation the first piece moves so that the second can occupy the square on which it stood; in line vacation the first piece moves so that the second can pass over the square on which is stood on the way to its destination; line clearance, also known as the Bristol, is a particular type of line vacation in which a piece moves along a line so that another piece can move a shorter distance behind it along the same line. [PAR] Cook - a second key move, unintended by the composer. A cook is a serious flaw, and invalidates a problem. The publication of cooked problems was once common, but in the modern era computers can be used to check for cooks, and cooked problems are rarely published. [PAR] Cylindrical board - a board in which the a and h-files are considered to be connected (a \"vertical cylinder\") or the first and eighth ranks are connected (a \"horizonal cylinder\"). A combination of the vertical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Malta Destination Guide | Daily Mail Online Malta Destination Guide | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Malta Destination Guide [PAR] Mdina is a former capital of Malta, and offers historical architecture galore [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Often dismissed as little more than a package tourism bolthole in the middle of the Mediterranean, Malta is a place of surprising diversity and no little history. [PAR] Precise knowledge of this island nation's past, in the UK at least, is usually limited to the fact that it was once part of the British Empire (from 1814 to 1964, trivia fans) and played a key strategic role in World War Two \u2013 but Malta's story can be traced way back into the fourth century BC. [PAR] The temple of \u0126agar Qim may have been built as early as 3600BC, making it one of the oldest man-made structures on the planet \u2013 proof indeed that this island has more to offer than kiss-me-quick hats and half-melted ice cream. [PAR] Of course, referring to Malta as an 'island nation' is also something of an oversight. Technically, it's an archipelago of rocky outcrops, only three of which \u2013 the main island (Malta), Gozo and Comino \u2013 are inhabited. [PAR] Together they make up a mere 122 square miles of land, but there's much to enjoy nonetheless \u2013 the delightful walled capital city of Valletta, a collection of lovely beaches, fabulous sea views and waters perfect for scuba diving, to name a small selection. True, some areas are rowdier than others, but with a spot of pre-planning Malta can be every bit as rewarding a Mediterranean holiday destination as some of the more celebrated Greek islands. [PAR] If you tire of the main island, Gozo (pictured here) and Comino offer pleasant respite [PAR] Cities [PAR] As the capital, Valletta is the key city of Malta. It's a delightful spot, standing proud on a short peninsula on the main island's north-east coast, and blessed with a visible history that saw it granted UNESCO World Heritage status in 1980. Much of this is surely down to its picturesque harbour and preserved walls. A walk around the latter, especially where they run along the waterfront, gives a clear picture of how sturdy a stronghold the city must have been when it was founded in the mid-16th century. [PAR] Fairly compact, it's an easy city to explore on foot. Indeed, the 16th century layout and narrow, steep streets, make walking the best option. St John's Co-Cathedral, built by the Knights Hospitaller (as was much of the city) in the 1570s, is the main religious showpiece ( www.stjohnscocathedral.com ). An imposing structure, it looks like a fortress from the outside, but reveals a grandiose, art-laden interior. Elsewhere, the National Museum Of Archaeology pays tribute to the island's ancient past, while the Upper Barrakka Gardens, the city's highest point, offer sublime views of the harbour. [PAR] It's worth straying away from the tourist areas and into Valletta in search of local cuisine [PAR] Resorts [PAR] Just north of Valletta, St Julian's and (particularly) Sliema are Malta's main tourist areas, home to the busiest sections of seafront, the greatest selection of restaurants and bars, and the main stretches of high-rise accommodation. If you've come to Malta for a week of unadulterated sun worship, you're likely to spend most of your time here. [PAR] Despite its popularity, this eastern section of Malta is not overly blessed with soft sands. Much of the coastline here is rocky. Two of the main island's finest beaches \u2013 Ghajn Tuffieha and Golden Bay \u2013 are actually found in the north-west."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Decalogue: Ten Commandments - Catholic Resources Decalogue: Ten Commandments [PAR] The Decalogue or Ten Commandments: [PAR] Similarities and Differences in Religious Traditions [PAR] by Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. [PAR] [PAR] The \"Ten Commandments\" (also called the \"Decalogue\") obviously come from the Hebrew Bible, but it is not so obvious to determine exactly what they are or how to count them. These commandments are recorded in two different biblical chapters (Exodus 20:1-17 & Deuteronomy 5:6-21), yet each text is slightly different, and neither passage explicitly numbers the commandments one through ten. [PAR] Although there are actually more than ten imperative verbs (at least 15) in each of these texts, several other biblical passages refer specifically to the \"ten words\" or \"ten statements\" (Heb: aseret ha-dibrot; Gk: deka logoi) that God gave to Moses (Exod 34:28; Deut 4:13; 10:4). In several books of the New Testament, Jesus, Paul, or other apostles quote some of the Jewish commandments, both from the Decalogue and from other parts of the Torah, although they never ennumerate a list of exactly ten. [PAR] Most Christians believe that the Ten Commandments form the core of God's Law (the \"Torah\" or \"Instruction\" given by God through Moses, in the first five books of the Bible). Yet these are far from the only commandments contained in the Hebrew Bible. Rabbinic Jewish tradition maintains that the Torah contains a total of 613 commandments (\"mitzvot\"): 248 positive ones (injunctions, what one must do) and 365 negative ones (prohibitions, what one must avoid). [PAR] Moreover, in Jewish understanding, all 613 mitzvot are equally important, so the Decalogue is not really considered the \"core\"; ritual and dietary commandments are considered just as important as theological or ethical commands. If you break any one of them, you've broken God's Law. When Jesus is asked which of the commandments is the first or most important, he does not quote the Decalogue directly, but rather combines quotations from Deuteronomy 6:4-5 (love God; the \"Shema\" of Judaism) and Leviticus 19:18 (love your neighbor). [PAR] As a result of all the discrepancies, Jews, Eastern Orthodox Christians, Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and other Protestants have subdivided and numbered the Decalogue differently over the centuries. Jews, Orthodox Christians, and most Protestants more closely follow the version of Exodus 20, while Catholics more closely follow the version of Deuteronomy 5. The main discrepancies come at the beginning and end of the lists of the Ten Commandments, as explained below: [PAR] Exodus 20:1-17 (NRSV) [PAR] Deuteronomy 5 [PAR] NOTES: [PAR] The main discrepancies occur at the BEGINNING of the texts, in the first and/or second commandments: [PAR] Most contemporary Jews consider Exod 20:1-2 to be the first commandment, enjoining people to recognize the LORD as their God, while the second commandment forbids both polytheistic beliefs and practices (20:3-6 together). [PAR] Many Protestants consider Exod 20:1-2 (and Deut 5:6) to be a preface to the Decalogue, so that the first commandment opposes polytheism (no other gods; Exod 20:3), while the second commandment opposes idolatry (worshiping idols; 20:4-6). [PAR] Catholics and Lutherans consider all of Exod 20:1-6 and Deut 5:6-10 to be a single commandment, both enjoining monotheism and forbidding polytheism [PAR] The other main discrepancies occur at the END of the texts, in the ninth and/or tenth commandments: [PAR] Jews and most Protestants consider the last commandment to be the injuction against coveting anything; [PAR] Lutherans follow Martin Luther's division of Exodus 20:17, which first prohibits coveting someone's property (#9), then the spouse (#10). [PAR] Catholics follow St. Augustine's division of Deuteronomy 5:21, which first mentions the spouse (#9), and then the property"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Hard Times: Important Quotations Explained SparkNotes: Hard Times: Important Quotations Explained [PAR] Important Quotations Explained [PAR] Book the Third: Garnering: Chapters 5\u20139 [PAR] Key Facts [PAR] 1. [PAR] Now, what I want is Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else. You can only form the mind of reasoning animals upon Facts: nothing else will ever be of any service to them. [PAR] These are the novel\u2019s opening lines. Spoken by Mr. Gradgrind, they sum up his rationalist philosophy. In claiming that \u201cnothing else will ever be of service\u201d to his pupils, Gradgrind reveals his belief that facts are important because they enable individuals to further their own interests. However, Tom and Louisa\u2019s unhappy childhood soon calls into question their father\u2019s claim that \u201c[f]acts alone are wanted in life.\u201d Ironically, while Gradgrind refers to the pupils in his school as \u201creasoning animals\u201d and compares their minds to fertile soil in which facts can be sowed, he treats them like machines by depriving them of feeling and fantasy. His jarringly short sentences and monotonous repetition of the word \u201cFact\u201d illustrate his own mechanical, unemotional character. Finally, it is significant that Gradgrind\u2019s call for facts opens a work of fiction. By drawing attention to the fact that we are reading fiction, Dickens suggests to us that facts alone cannot bring intellectual pleasure. [PAR] 2. [PAR] It is known, to the force of a single pound weight, what the engine will do; but not all the calculators of the National debt can tell me the capacity for good or evil, for love or hatred, for patriotism or discontent, for the decomposition of virtue into vice, or the reverse, at any single moment in the soul of one of these quiet servants, with the composed faces and the regulated actions. [PAR] This passage, from Book the First, Chapter 11, provides insight into the narrator\u2019s beliefs and opinions. Dickens\u2019s omniscient narrator assumes the role of a moral guide, and his opinion tends to shape our own interpretations of the story. Here, we learn that the narrator disagrees with Gradgrind, believing instead that human nature cannot be reduced to a bundle of facts and scientific principles. The narrator invokes the mystery of the human mind, pointing out how little we actually know about what motivates the actions of our fellow beings. The \u201cquiet servants\u201d to whom the narrator refers are the factory Hands. In representing these people as an unknown quantity, the narrator counteracts Bounderby\u2019s stereotypes of the poor as lazy, greedy good-for-nothings. While he suggests that we need to understand these people better, the narrator also implies that this knowledge cannot be attained through calculation, measurement, and/or the accumulation of fact. [PAR] 3. [PAR] Thou art an Angel. Bless thee, bless thee! [PAR] More a symbol than a fully developed character, Rachael is often referred to as an angel by Stephen. Like Sissy Jupe, whom she later befriends, Rachael represents the qualities necessary to counteract the dehumanizing, morally corrupting effects of industrialization. She is compassionate, honest, generous, and faithful to Stephen, even when everyone else shuns him and considers him a thief. As this remark illustrates, Rachael also draws out Stephen\u2019s good qualities, making him realize that joy can be found even in the moral darkness of Coketown. Rachael and Sissy are both socially marginal characters\u2014the former is a Hand, and the latter is the daughter of a circus entertainer. Likewise, they are both relatively minor characters in the novel. Through their marginal status, Dickens implies that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Coins and Collecting Accessories contact Me 020 308 69996 [PAR] British Coins and Collecting Accessories [PAR] Predecimal.com - Just me specialising in British coins from about 1660 onwards and offering collectors' accessories, books and free knowledge on this interesting and fulfilling field. This website also contains the biggest British Coin related forum in the world, with over 120,000 posts it's quite possibly the largest British numismatic reference of any kind. It's searchable, free and everyone is welcome. [PAR] Back in stock, and back on offer. All orders of \u00a330 or over will receive a free pack of these coin envelopes. I'll add them automatically to your order. [PAR] This website is run by Chris Perkins - British Numismatic Trade Association Member (the BNTA), professional numismatist, former broadcaster, author of the 32nd to 42nd annual editions of \"Collectors' Coins GB\", and of \"Collectors' Coins - Decimal Issues of the UK\", co-author of a number of other books! Please see Rotographic.com for more details on my range of books. [PAR] With a base in Germany I am also able to offer a large range of collectors accessories at the best possible 'direct from the factory' prices. [PAR] Who am I? And what assurances do I offer regarding all buying and selling of items through this website? Click here. [PAR] PDF - Click Me! [PAR] Full range of Lindner products available on predecimal.com! [PAR] Lindner products combine excellent quality and value. Click on the Lindner image above to download the full (older, but still current) Lindner PDF catalogue (18mb). Browse through it and enter the reference numbers, without spaces, of what you require in the 'Search Products' box in the search box at the top of the website. Purchase items in the usual way. Note that the PDF prices are in Euros - The prices on predecimal.com are the GBP equivalent, or in some cases, actually even cheaper! [PAR] [PAR] Silver proof, as issued \u00a35 Crown coin to mark the Christening of Princess Charlotte. I bo... [PAR] \u00a372.00\u00a364.80 [PAR] Silver proof, as issued \u00a35 Crown coin to mark the 2nd Birthday of Prince George.&nbs... [PAR] \u00a390.00\u00a381.00 [PAR] Original red card box with some light wear on the edges/top, staining on the bottom and looseness wh... [PAR] \u00a3550.00\u00a3449.40 [PAR] Rainbow toned with big areas of dark irredescent purple and pinks (not at all apparent in the scans)... [PAR] \u00a3180.00\u00a3144.00 [PAR] Very attractive natural tone, prooflike obverse fields. Higer value coins are always sent fully insured. [PAR] \u00a395.00\u00a385.50 [PAR] A really beautiful coin with natural toned bright lustre and very little actual wear ro report. LVI ... [PAR] \u00a3200.00\u00a3160.00 [PAR] Good protrait, some weak areas on the reverse. TERTIO edge. REDUCED from \u00a3300.Higher values coins are always sent fully insured. [PAR] \u00a3270.00\u00a3240.00 [PAR] A few available, of the very best quality. [PAR] \u00a38.00\u00a36.80 [PAR] Stunning full lustre, of highest possible quality. A few available. [PAR] \u00a39.00\u00a38.10 [PAR] Choice coin with beautiful proof like fields. The odd minor stain, but I am being very picky, it&#39... [PAR] \u00a3295.00\u00a3288.90 [PAR] Anyone that has glanced at a history book for more than five minutes will probably be aware&nbs... [PAR] \u00a32.00\u00a31.80 [PAR] I purchased about 700 of these Indian 1/12th Anna coins. Each is uncirculated, but of the 700, only ... [PAR] \u00a31.50\u00a30.99 [PAR] I purchased about 700 of these Indian 1/12th Anna coins. Each is uncirculated, but of the 700, only ... [PAR] \u00a31.50\u00a30.99 [PAR] Eire 1968 penny from the last date that were produced before Irish decimalisation. All Irish pre-dec... [PAR] \u00a31.20\u00a30.99 [PAR] Round, 28mm card coin tickets, blank on both sides. A shade"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lesson 4 - Japanese Mythology and Folklore Lesson 4 - Japanese Mythology and Folklore [PAR] Lesson 4 [PAR] Kami [PAR] A shrine built for kami worship [PAR] Kami is the Japanese term for 'spirits' and other kinds of supernatural forces that exist in nature. In addition, it can also refer to gods and other deities, but in general, kami are spirits typically associated with natural phenomena that exist in the everyday world. For instance, any aspect or form of nature, i.e. mountain, river, tree, etc..., may be thought to have a kami associated or housed within it. Sometimes, this kami may favor and be beneficial to humans that live near the existing phenomenon. For example, a benevolent or happy kami living in the mountains can help a farmer by providing water to his crops during spring. And vice versa, the opposite can also be true; an angry kami can cause great destruction to the area and people that live near it. [PAR] Kodama [PAR] Kodama in the film, Princess Mononoke [PAR] Kodama are a type of spirit associated with trees, very similar to the dryads of Greek mythology. However, not all trees have kodama that reside inside them. Rather, these spirits tend to inhabit older and larger trees that are a part of a forest and they protect the forest from any harm. It is said that if you cut down a tree that houses a kodama, you will be struck with bad luck and misfortune. [PAR] Shikigami [PAR] Paper shikigami-birds in the film, Spirited Away [PAR] A shikigami is a term used to describe a spirit used by onmyouji, or sorcerers. Summoned by an onmyouji, these spirits exist to protect and serve their masters--very much like the Western concept of a witch/wizard's familiar. Shikigamis can assume many kinds of forms, the most common type in legends being enchanted paper cutouts, which can produce the illusion or guise of real-life objects and creatures. Typically, shikigami are used by onmyouji to carry out risky tasks, such as spying, stealing, and tracking enemies. [PAR] A shinigami, which translates to \"death god\" or \"death spirit\", is essentially the Japanese version of a Grim Reaper. The only major difference between the two is that whereas there is only a single Grim Reaper, there are many shinigami that often work in pairs. True to its name, a shinigami is a spirit responsible for ensuring that an individual dies at his or her destined time, and then with guiding said person to the underworld. It is important to remember however, that a shinigami only ensures that the individual dies--it does not perform any of the killing itself. Like most spirits associated with death, shinigami have a reputation for being dark and malicious. It is also said that they are normally invisible to people, but can be seen by those for whom death is near. [PAR] Shinigami [PAR] Yurei [PAR] A painting of a female yurei [PAR] Yurei, which literally translates to 'dim spirit,' are spirits of deceased individuals that have been kept back from moving onto a peaceful afterlife--similar to the idea of ghosts in Western legends. The Japanese traditionally hold the belief that all humans have a spirit or soul, called a reikon. When a person dies, the reikon leaves the body and enters a process of purgatory. It is here that the reikon waits for its proper funeral and rites to be performed and completed, so it can move onto the afterlife and join its ancestors. However, if a person were to die in a sudden or violent manner, such as from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonanza (TV Series 1959\u20131973) - IMDb Bonanza (TV Series 1959\u20131973) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The adventures of Ben Cartwright and his sons as they run and defend their ranch while helping the surrounding community. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Little Joe falls in love with Alice Harper played by a young Bonnie Bedelia who he meets while rescuing her gambler brother John from a poker game gone bad. The two eventually marry and are expecting... [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] Hoss scares a bear that has treed a green-clad little man, subsequently finds a buried strongbox filled with bags of gold dust and, when both the treasure and its owner disappear, unsuccessfully ... [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] Clint Watson and his two sons are hired by Ben Cartwright to deliver nitroglycerin to Virginia City. The journey entails hardship, recrimination and tragedy. [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 24 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 26 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 11 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 07 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Bonanza \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Golden Globes. Another 9 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Marshal Matt Dillon keeps the peace in the rough and tumble Dodge City. [PAR] Stars: James Arness, Milburn Stone, Amanda Blake [PAR] The Wild West adventures of the residents and staff of Barkley Ranch in California's San Joaquin Valley. [PAR] Stars: Richard Long, Peter Breck, Lee Majors [PAR] Gil Favor is trail boss of a continuous cattle drive; he is assisted by Rowdy Yates. The crew runs into characters and adventures along the way. [PAR] Stars: Clint Eastwood, Paul Brinegar, Steve Raines [PAR] Stories of the journeys of a wagon train as it leaves post-Civil War Missouri on its way to California through the plains, deserts and Rocky Mountains. The first treks were led by gruff, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Frank McGrath, Terry Wilson, Robert Horton [PAR] Bret and Bart Maverick (and in later seasons, their English cousin, Beau) are well dressed gamblers who migrate from town to town always looking for a good game. Poker (5 card draw) is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jack Kelly, James Garner, Roger Moore [PAR] Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. [PAR] Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton [PAR] A Civil War veteran with a sawed-off rifle as a holstered weapon makes a living as a bounty hunter in the Wild West of the 1870s. [PAR] Stars: Steve McQueen, Wright King, Olan Soule [PAR] After the Civil War, nomadic adventurer Cheyenne Bodie roamed the west looking for fights, women and bad guys to beat up. His job changed from episode to episode. [PAR] Stars: Clint Walker, Clyde Howdy, Chuck Hicks [PAR] The cases of maverick undercover New York City detective Tony Baretta. [PAR] Stars: Robert Blake, Tom Ewell, Michael D."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Harrison biography | The Beatles Bible George Harrison biography | The Beatles Bible [PAR] George Harrison was lead guitarist, songwriter and singer with The Beatles. Although often overshadowed by the partnership of Lennon and McCartney during the band's lifetime, he emerged as a significant talent in his own right. [PAR] The early years [PAR] Harrison was born on 25 February 1943 in the family home at 12 Arnold Grove, Wavertree, Liverpool. [PAR] His parents were Harold and Louise Harrison, who had roots in Ireland. They had three other children: Louise, Harry and Peter, all of whom were older than George. [PAR] In 1950 the family moved to 25 Upton Green in Speke. George went to school at Dovedale Road, where he passed his 11 Plus and gained a place at the Liverpool Institute for Boys, a local grammar school. [PAR] He attended the Institute between 1954 and 1959. Not an especially gifted child academically, Harrison struggled as a student and left without any qualifications. He had trouble relating to his teachers, and insisted on wearing tight jeans and long hair, much to his parents consternation. [PAR] In 1959 Harrison formed a skiffle group, The Rebels, with his brother Peter and a friend, Arthur Kelly. Harrison's mother bought him a guitar for \u00a33, and the group's debut gig at the British Legion club in Speke earned them 10 shillings. [PAR] Harrison considered becoming an apprentice engineer after leaving school, but music dominated his passions and he performed with a number of fledgling groups in Liverpool. In 1958 he met the Quarrymen, whose ranks included Paul McCartney , a friend of Harrison's from the Institute. [PAR] Although Harrison was considered too young to join the group, he did fill in when their regular guitarist Eric Griffiths was unavailable. Eventually he was accepted as a full member, despite the reservations of the Quarrymen founder and leader, John Lennon . [PAR] Paul introduced me to George and I had to make the decision whether to let George in. I listened to George play and said, 'Play Raunchy' [a 1958 hit for saxophonist Bill Justis]. Then I said, 'OK, you can come in.' [PAR] I couldn't be bothered with him when he first came around. He used to follow me around like a bloody kid, hanging around all the time. He was a kid who played guitar and he was a friend of Paul's which made it easier. It took me years to come around to him, to start considering him as an equal. [PAR] John Lennon [PAR] The band became Johnny and the Moondogs, and later the Silver Beetles. Their first trip to Hamburg in August 1960 took place while Harrison was just 17, and the Reeperbahn, the red light district where they played, proved an educative experience: \"Everybody around the district were homosexuals, transvestites, pimps and hookers and I was in the middle of that, aged 17,\" he said. [PAR] The first trip ended in Harrison's deportation for working under-age. When they returned in March 1961 The Beatles had become more assured as performers, and in June cut their first single, My Bonnie , as the backing band for Tony Sheridan . For this they were paid 300 marks with no royalties. [PAR] At the band's first recording session for EMI, producer George Martin tried to ease the band's nerves by saying, \"Let me know if there's anything you don't like\". \"Well, for a start,\" replied Harrison, \"I don't like your tie.\" This led to a succession of jokes being cracked in the studio, which endeared the band to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Don Quixote: Character List SparkNotes: Don Quixote: Character List [PAR] Character List [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Don Quixote - The novel\u2019s tragicomic hero. Don Quixote\u2019s main quest in life is to revive knight-errantry in a world devoid of chivalric virtues and values. He believes only what he chooses to believe and sees the world very differently from most people. Honest, dignified, proud, and idealistic, he wants to save the world. As intelligent as he is mad, Don Quixote starts out as an absurd and isolated figure and ends up as a pitiable and lovable old man whose strength and wisdom have failed him. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Don Quixote. [PAR] Sancho Panza - The peasant laborer\u2014greedy but kind, faithful but cowardly\u2014whom Don Quixote takes as his squire. A representation of the common man, Sancho is a foil to Don Quixote and virtually every other character in the novel. His proverb-ridden peasant\u2019s wisdom and self-sacrificing Christian behavior prove to be the novel\u2019s most insightful and honorable worldview. He has an awestruck love for Don Quixote but grows self-confident and saucy, ending the novel by advising his master in matters of deep personal philosophy. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Sancho Panza. [PAR] Rocinante - Don Quixote\u2019s barn horse. Rocinante is slow but faithful, and he is as worn out as Don Quixote is. [PAR] Dapple - Sancho\u2019s donkey. Dapple\u2019s disappearance and reappearance is the subject of much controversy both within the story and within the literary criticism concerning Don Quixote. [PAR] Cide Hamete Benengeli - The fictional writer of Moorish decent from whose manuscripts Cervantes supposedly translates the novel. Cervantes uses the figure of Benengeli to comment on the ideas of authorship and literature explored in the novel and to critique historians. Benengeli\u2019s opinions, bound in his so-called historical text, show his contempt for those who write about chivalry falsely and with embellishment. [PAR] Dulcinea del Toboso - The unseen force driving all of Don Quixote\u2019s adventures. Dulcinea, a peasant woman whom Don Quixote envisions as his ladylove, has no knowledge of his chivalric dedication to her. Though constantly mentioned and centrally important to the novel, she never appears as a physical character. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Dulcinea del Toboso. [PAR] Cervantes - The supposed translator of Benengeli\u2019s historical novel, who interjects his opinions into the novel at key times. Cervantes intentionally creates the impression that he did not invent the character of Don Quixote. Like Benengeli, Cervantes is not physically present but is a character nonetheless. In his prologues, dedications, and invention of Benengeli, Cervantes enhances the self-referential nature of the novel and forces us to think about literature\u2019s purpose and limitations. [PAR] The Duke and Duchess - The cruel and haughty contrivers of the adventures that occupy Don Quixote for the majority of the novel\u2019s Second Part. Bored and snobby, the Duke and Duchess feign interest in Don Quixote and Sancho but continually play pranks on them for their personal entertainment. The Duke and Duchess spend so much money and effort on their ploys that they seem as mad as Don Quixote. [PAR] Altisidora - The Duchess\u2019s bratty maid. Altisidora pretends to love Don Quixote, mocking his concept of romantic love. [PAR] Sampson Carrasco - A sarcastic student from Don Quixote\u2019s village. Sampson mocks Don Quixote at first but loses to him in combat and then dedicates himself to revenge. Self-important and stuffy, Sampson fails to grasp the often playful nature of Don Quixote\u2019s madness. [PAR] The priest - A friend of Don Quixote\u2019s. The priest disapproves"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About American Geese - Moose Manor Farms About American Geese - Moose Manor Farms [PAR] About American Geese [PAR] All About American Geese (I no longer raise Americans) [PAR] Henry Goosey-Goose of Moose Manor [PAR] \u201cWhatever you say about geese with conviction, they\u2019ll make a liar out of you,\u201d says Dave Holderread, a goose raiser since 1961 and author of The Book of Geese: A Complete Guide to Raising the Home Flock (1981). \u201cThey\u2019re very much like people, but on a less sophisticated level.\u201d [PAR] Strict vegetarians, ace lawnmowers, excellent watchdogs, intelligent, individualistic, opinionated, sociable, and good conversationalists. Geese are great if you have the room: a fair-sized lawn or a small meadow, and a pond helps, but it's not essential. They're very little trouble, they can get most or all of their food from grazing and they help control weeds. [PAR] The American goose is one of the few domesticated goose breeds which originated in the United States. Some believe the breed was developed from buff mutations in flocks of wild Graylag geese and others think they may have been created from buff colored geese, like the Buff Back, Pomeranian and Pilgrim which came from Europe. This breed is a medium to heavy, smooth breasted, and double lobed, with a stance similar to the Embden Goose. [PAR] The American is a calm, sociable and friendly goose, very loyal and affectionate, particularly to its owners. It's graceful, elegant and a bit on the curious side, nearly always with his beak up in the air, looking all around to see if there might be something new to check out. This is a truely lovely goose to watch gliding along through the barnyard with flock in tow on the way to grazing. And it's a real treat to see them acting a bit silly while splashing in the pond, bup-bup-bupping their conversations, and racing from one pool to another to jump in and out playfully. [PAR] The American Buff is a medium-large weight goose with ganders weighing about 20 pounds and geese weighing about 18 pounds at maturity. Buffs are a medium shade of buff with no grey. The best colored offspring are a lovely apricot-fawn color. [PAR] American Blue and Lavender Ice are two handsome varieties of the the American goose which are the fruit of Dave Holderread's 20-year investigation of the genetic intricacies of blue color in domestic geese. The plumage of the Blue is a pretty bluish-gray; the Lavender Ice is an exquisite silver-lavender. Bills are orange and the eyes are brown. These geese have the same solid conformation as the American Buff, and typically weigh between 14-22 pounds. Most females lay 30-45 eggs in the spring breeding season if eggs are gathered daily. When allowed to set, they make excellent natural parents. The goslings are hardy, fast-growing and superb foragers. With their unique colors and many practical attributes, they make a superior goose for the homestead or yard. [PAR] Americans are good-natured and, on the whole, non-aggressive but they still retain the spirit of most goose breeds: they make noise when they sense danger. It\u2019s this watchdog characteristic that geese are best known for. One of the most famous stories about Ancient Rome is the legend of the Capitoline Geese. When Rome was routed in 390 BC by the Gauls, the Romans took refuge on Capitoline Hill. For 7 months the Gauls held the city at siege but one night while the Romans slept the Gauls attempted to sneak up the hill. Before they reached the summit the Capitoline Geese honked and squawked until the Romans"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Calendar Vocabulary - Days, Months, Season French Calendar Vocabulary - Days, Months, Seasons [PAR] Days are not capitalized in French. [PAR] [PAR] The French week starts on Monday, rather than Sunday. [PAR] [PAR] You may or may not need to use the masculine definite article le : [PAR] [PAR] If you're talking about the day of a unique event, do not use an article: [PAR] Je l'ai vu dimanche (I saw him on Sunday) [PAR] Il va arriver mercredi (He'll arrive on Wednesday).[DOC] [TLE] Days of the Week in French - Words and Phrases Days of the Week in French - Words and Phrases [PAR] Home Vocabulary Days of the Week [PAR] Days of the Week in French [PAR] Written by Administrator [PAR] Saturday, 20 February 2010 09:55 [PAR] This lesson will teach you how to say the days of the week in French (Les Jours de la Semaine). All days of the week in French end in \"-di\" with the exception of Sunday. And you will find it easy to remember their gender because they are all masculine. Unlike in English, French days of the week are not capitalized unless they are placed in the beginning of a sentence. It's also worthwhile to mention that French calendars normally start on Monday rather than Sunday. [PAR] Audio [PAR] Sunday [PAR] dee-mah(n)sh [PAR] *French pronunciation of days of the week by Lab\u00e9. French standard accent, west of France. Audio recording distributed under CC-SA-3.0 If you want to know what day is today, the following phrase will be helpful: Quel jour est-ce aujourd'hui? What day is it today? [kehl zhoor ehs oh-zhoor-dwee] In order to say that something happened \"on\" a certain day in French, you need to use the indefinite article \"le\" (masculine) in front of the day of the week. For example: Le vendredi, je m'amuse. On Fridays, I have fun. Le mercredi je cuisine. On Wednesday, I cook. [PAR] More French Words for Scheduling and Planning [PAR] Below you will find several more French words and phrases that will help you to talk about schedules and calendar events in French. [PAR] French word"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IRON MAIDEN - 22 ACACIA AVENUE LYRICS IRON MAIDEN - 22 ACACIA AVENUE LYRICS [PAR] 22 Acacia Avenue Lyrics [PAR] If you're feeling down depressed and lonely [PAR] I know a place where we can go [PAR] 22 Acacia Avenue [PAR] Meet a lady that I know, so if you're looking for a good time [PAR] And you're prepared to pay the price [PAR] Fifteen quid is all she asks for, everybody's got their vice [PAR] If you're waiting for a long time for the rest to do their piece [PAR] You can tell her that you know me [PAR] And you might even get it free [PAR] So any time you're down the East End, don't you hesitate to go [PAR] You can take my honest word for it [PAR] She'll teach you more than you can know [PAR] Charlotte can't you get out from all this madness? [PAR] Can't you see it only brings you sadness? [PAR] When you entertain your men don't know the risk of getting disease [PAR] Some day when you're reach the age of forty [PAR] I bet you'll regret the days when you were laying [PAR] Nobody then will want to know [PAR] You won't have any beautiful wares to show, any more [PAR] 22, the Avenue [PAR] That's the place where we all go [PAR] You will find it's warm inside [PAR] The red light's burning bright tonight [PAR] Charlotte isn't it time you stopped this mad life [PAR] Don't you ever think about the bad times [PAR] Why do you have to live this way? [PAR] Do you enjoy your lay or is it the pay? [PAR] Sometimes when your strolling down the avenue [PAR] The way you walk it make men think of having you [PAR] When you're walking down the street [PAR] Everybody stops and turns to stare at you [PAR] 22, the Avenue [PAR] That's the place where we all go [PAR] You will find it's warm inside [PAR] The red light's burning bright tonight [PAR] Beat her, mistreat her, do anything that you please [PAR] Bite her, excite her, make her get down on her knees [PAR] Abuse her, misuse her, she can take all that you've got [PAR] Caress her, molest her, she always does what you want? [PAR] You're running away, don't you know what you're doing? [PAR] Can't you see it'll lead you to ruin? [PAR] Charlotte you've taken your life and you've thrown it away [PAR] You believe that because what you're earning? [PAR] Your life's good don't you know that it's hurting? [PAR] All the people that love you don't cast them aside [PAR] All the men that are constantly drooling [PAR] It's no life for you stop all that screwing [PAR] You're packing your bags, you're coming with me [PAR] Writer(s): Adrian Frederick Smith, Stephen Percy Harris [PAR] Lyrics powered by www.musixmatch.com[DOC] [TLE] Iron Maiden - 22 Acacia Avenue [Dortmund, 1983] - YouTube Iron Maiden - 22 Acacia Avenue [Dortmund, 1983] - YouTube [PAR] Iron Maiden - 22 Acacia Avenue [Dortmund, 1983] [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 26, 2007 [PAR] Iron Maiden - 22 Acacia Avenue [PAR] Dortmund"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bluer - definition of bluer by The Free Dictionary Bluer - definition of bluer by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Bluer - definition of bluer by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bluer [PAR] (blo\u035eo) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. The hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers; any of a group of colors that may vary in lightness and saturation, whose hue is that of a clear daytime sky; one of the additive or light primaries; one of the psychological primary hues. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a. A pigment or dye imparting this hue. [PAR] b. Bluing. [PAR] a. An object having this hue. [PAR] b. Dress or clothing of this hue: The ushers wore blue. [PAR] 4. [PAR] a. A person who wears a blue uniform. [PAR] b. blues A dress blue uniform, especially that of the US Army. [PAR] 5. often Blue [PAR] a. A member of the Union Army in the Civil War. [PAR] b. The Union Army. [PAR] 7. Any of various small blue butterflies of the family Lycaenidae. [PAR] 8. [PAR] adj. blu\u00b7er, blu\u00b7est [PAR] 1. Of the color blue. [PAR] 2. Bluish or having parts that are blue or bluish, as the blue spruce and the blue whale. [PAR] 3. Having a gray or purplish color, as from cold or contusion. [PAR] 4. Wearing blue. [PAR] 5. Being a trail, as for skiing, marked with a sign having a blue square, indicating an intermediate level of difficulty. [PAR] 6. Relating to or being a blue state. [PAR] 7. [PAR] a. Gloomy; depressed. See Synonyms at depressed . [PAR] b. Dismal; dreary: a blue day. [PAR] 8. Puritanical; strict. [PAR] 10. Indecent; risqu\u00e9: a blue joke; a blue movie. [PAR] tr. & intr.v. blued, blu\u00b7ing, blues [PAR] To make or become blue. [PAR] Idioms: [PAR] blue in the face [PAR] At the point of extreme exasperation: I argued with them until I was blue in the face. [PAR] into the blue [PAR] At a far distance; into the unknown: spontaneously take a trip into the blue. [PAR] out of the blue [PAR] 1. From an unexpected or unforeseen source: criticism that came out of the blue. [PAR] 2. At a completely unexpected time: a long-unseen friend who appeared out of the blue. [PAR] [Middle English blue, bleu, from Old French bleu, of Germanic origin; see bhel-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] blue\u2032ly adv. [PAR] (blu\u02d0) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Colours) any of a group of colours, such as that of a clear unclouded sky, that have wavelengths in the range 490\u2013445 nanometres. Blue is the complementary colour of yellow and with red and green forms a set of primary colours. [PAR] 2. (Dyeing) a dye or pigment of any of these colours [PAR] 3. (Textiles) blue cloth or clothing: dressed in blue. [PAR] 4. (Education) [PAR] a. a sportsperson who represents or has represented Oxford or Cambridge University and has the right to wear the university colour (dark blue for Oxford, light blue for Cambridge): an Oxford blue. [PAR] b. the honour of so representing one's university [PAR] 5. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) Brit an informal name for Tory [PAR] 6. (Animals) any of numerous small blue-winged butterflies of the genera Lampides, Polyommatus, etc: family Lycaenidae [PAR] 7. archaic short for bluestocking [PAR] 8. slang a policeman [PAR] 9. (Archery) archery a blue ring on a target, between the red and the black, scoring five points [PAR] 10. (Billiards & Snooker) a blue"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Axilla - definition of axilla by The Free Dictionary Axilla - definition of axilla by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Axilla - definition of axilla by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/axilla [PAR] n. pl. ax\u00b7il\u00b7lae (-s\u012dl\u2032\u0113) [PAR] 1. The armpit. [PAR] 2. A body part analogous to the armpit, such as the hollow under a bird's wing. [PAR] [Latin.] [PAR] 1. (Anatomy) the technical name for the armpit [PAR] 2. (Zoology) the area on the undersurface of a bird's wing corresponding to the armpit [PAR] [C17: from Latin: armpit] [PAR] n., pl. ax\u2022il\u2022lae (\u00e6k\u02c8s\u026al i) [PAR] 1. the armpit. [PAR] 2. the corresponding region under the wing of a bird. [PAR] [1610\u201320; < Latin] [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] axilla - the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder; \"they were up to their armpits in water\" [PAR] armpit , axillary cavity , axillary fossa [PAR] bodily cavity , cavum , cavity - (anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body [PAR] arteria axillaris , axillary artery - the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below [PAR] shoulder - the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm [PAR] Translations [PAR] axilla [PAR] n (pl -lae) axila [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] subaxillary [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] XSTAT is a first-in-kind hemostatic device for the treatment of severe bleeding in the axilla or groin area (known as junctional wounds). [PAR] Unusual presentation of metastatic ovarian carcinoma as an enlarged intramammary lymph node [PAR] Of course we know that deodorants don't have any reinforcements to keep you from sweating--once you apply deodorant to your axilla and go for your daily gym session, you're going to perspire. [PAR] Bacterial pathogens associated with Hidradenitis Suppurativa, France [PAR] According to the group, a more recent study found higher levels of one paraben, n-propylparaben, in the axilla quadrant of the breast where the highest proportion of breast tumors is found. [PAR] Dear EarthTalk: A friend of mine recently stopped using skin and beauty products with parabens in them. What are parabens and should we all be avoiding them? [PAR] We recently attempted 16 radial blocks at or below the elbow in patients in whom a primary attempt for radial nerve block in the axilla had failed.[DOC] [TLE] Axilla Lymph Nodes Can Be Impacted By Breast Cancer Axilla Lymph Nodes Can Be Impacted By Breast Cancer [PAR] By Pam Stephan [PAR] Updated February 21, 2016 [PAR] Axilla sounds like a strange and foreign word, but its definition is that it's simply your armpit. It is the rounded area beneath your shoulder where your arm and body meet. Located in your axilla is your axillary artery and vein, nerves, a cluster of lymph nodes and other tissue. [PAR] The Axilla and Breast Cancer [PAR] Lymph vessel run throughout the whole body carrying lymph fluid and cells. Lymph nodes are clusters of immune cells that store white blood cells that help fight infections and disease. [PAR] The lymph nodes in the axilla area are called axillary nodes. Breast cancer most commonly spreads to this area. Because of how common cancer can be in the axilla, some axillary nodes may be removed during surgery to see if cancer is present in the sample. This can help your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home Distillation of Alcohol (Homemade Alcohol to Drink) Home Distillation of Alcohol (Homemade Alcohol to Drink) [PAR] Absinthe [PAR] There are three basic styles for making absinthe. [PAR] 1. Add wormwood to a wine and distill off. Soak some wormwood in neutral spirit to colour, and add the two together. [PAR] 2. Soak wormwood in some neutral alcohol [PAR] 3. Adding oil extract to neutral alcohol. [PAR] Of these, (1) is the traditional technique, but (2) is commonly used by \"cheaper\" manufacturers. Style (3) is usually shunned. [PAR] Wal writes ... [PAR] Pernod is Absinthe without the wormwood for legal reasons. If you want to know what it tasted once, macerate wormwood (artemisia absinthium) in the bottle. [PAR] An article on Absinthe (Scientific American, June 1989, pp112-117) describes a 1855 recipe from Pontarlier, France. Here is a scaled down version you can try: [PAR] Macerate 25g wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), 50g anise, and 50g fennel (all finely divided) in 950ml 85%abv in a 2l flask. (Note: no heat was specified for extraction). [PAR] Add 450ml distilled water. [PAR] Do a pot still distillation, collecting 950ml of distillate. [PAR] Separate 400ml of the distillate, add 10g Roman wormwood (Artemisia pontica), 10g hyssop, 5g lemon balm, and macerate at 60C. [PAR] Filter and reunite with the remaining 550ml and dilute to 74%abv to produce 1litre of Absinthe. [PAR] Note: I think you use crushed aniseed and fennel seed, as it is the seed that has the strongest flavor. You can see that it is the anise flavor that predominates. [PAR] Modern \"Pernod\" and \"Ricard\" are basically absinthes without the wormwood. They are now known as a \"pastis\" (regional for \"melange\" or mixture). As a substitute for wormwood, the modern drink uses increased amounts of aniseed. Pernod includes aniseed, fennel, hyssop, lemon balm along with lesser amounts of angelica root, star-anise, dittany, juniper, nutmeg, veronica. Different absinthe manufacturers used slightly different ingredients, sometimes using nutmeg and calamus, both of which have purported psychoactive effects. [PAR] In Culpeper's 'The Complete Herbal', 1653, there is a recipe that looks like the ancestor of Absinthe and which is still relevant, unlike some of the others which include vipers, swallows, roosters and snails! I have redacted it to a 20l (5US gal) quantity. See - 'Compounds, Spirit and Compound Distilled Waters' http://www.bootlegbooks.com/NonFiction/Culpeper/Herbal/chap375.html [PAR] 'Spiritus et Aqua Absynthii magis composita Or spirit and water of Wormwood, the greater composition' [PAR] Absinthe (1653) [PAR] 5g Cardamon [PAR] 5g Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba) [PAR] Macerate chopped ingredients for at least 12 hours and then distill. Add 1 cup of sugar/litre of distillate. Absinthe was originally about 60%abv, while the above 1653 recipe was intended to be a single pot distillation. [PAR] ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM (Wormwood) [PAR] Synonyms : Wormwood; Common Wormwood [PAR] Definition : Artemisia Absinthium consists of the dried leaves and flowering tops of Artemisia absinthium L. (Fam. Compositae), a shrubby al herb growing in the United States and Canada. It is cultivated in N. Africa, Europe and the U.S.A. The flowering tops are collected during the late summer Artemisia Absinthium yields about 1% of volatile oil containing thujone (absinthol), thujyl alcohol and iso-valeric acid . It contains, in addition absinthin and a bitter glycoside. [PAR] Jack recommends the following as very good ... [PAR] In one litre of undiluted clear spirit (95%) soak for twenty days (shaking once a day) the following: [PAR] 28 grams wormwood (artemisia absinthium) [PAR] 28 grams aniseed [PAR] 4.5 grams licorice root (cut) [PAR] 1.25 grams citrus peel [PAR] Just soak the above until the color you want is reached, then filter and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the life story of a person written by himself ... What is the life story of a person written by himself called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the life story of a person written by himself called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] An autobiography is a piece of nonfiction work written by an individual about his own life experiences. This work may be published in the form of a short story, a novel or an essay. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Some authors choose to write a memoir instead, which is a book that is based on a true story but may have different names, locations or events. A memoir generally depicts a specific experience or life lesson in an informal tone, while an autobiography uses a more formal voice and focuses on events throughout the author's entire life. Some well-known autobiographies include \"The Diary of a Young Girl\" by Anne Frank and \"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings\" by Maya Angelou."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Artemis - Greek Mythology Artemis [PAR] Artemis [PAR] See More Artemis Pictures > [PAR] Artemis was the goddess of chastity, virginity, the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment. [PAR] She was the daughter of Zeus and Leto , twin sister of Apollo . She was born on the island of Ortygia (Delos), where Leto had found shelter after being hunted by the lawful wife of Zeus , Hera . As soon as Artemis was born, she helped her mother give birth to her twin brother, thereby becoming the protector of childbirth and labour. She asked her father to grant her eternal chastity and virginity, and never gave in to any potential lovers; devoted to hunting and nature, she rejected marriage and love. [PAR] She was the protector of nature and the hunt; both wild and tame animals were under her protection. She also protected the agriculture and animal herding. [PAR] Artemis appeared in a number of myths . In the myth of Actaeon , he was a hunting companion of Artemis ; at some point, he saw the goddess naked bathing in a spring and tried to rape her. As a punishment, Artemis transformed him into a stag and his hounds killed him. In the myth of Orion which has various versions, Orion was also a hunting companion of Artemis and the only person to have won her heart. However, he was accidentally killed either by the goddess or by a scorpion which was sent by Gaea . In another myth, Callisto was one of the followers of Artemis and thus she had remained a virgin. Zeus , however, changing his form to resemble Artemis , managed to seduce and rape her, impregnating her. Callisto gave birth to Arcas, but later, she was transformed into a bear either by Hera or Artemis . Arcas almost killed his mother, but Zeus stopped him and placed Callisto in the heavens as a constellation. According to other sources, both Callisto and Arcas were turned into the Ursa Minor and the Ursa Major constellations. [PAR] Artemis Is also called Diana, Diana."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Lent and How Is the Lenten Season Observed? What Is Lent and How Is the Lenten Season Observed? [PAR] By Mary Fairchild [PAR] Updated February 12, 2016. [PAR] Lent is the Christian season of preparation before Easter. The Lenten season is a time when many Christians observe a period of fasting , repentance , moderation, self-denial and spiritual discipline. The purpose is to set aside time for reflection on Jesus Christ - his suffering and his sacrifice, his life, death , burial and resurrection. [PAR] During the six weeks of of self-examination and reflection, Christians who observe Lent typically make a commitment to fast, or to give up something--a habit, such as smoking, watching TV, or swearing, or a food or drink, such as sweets, chocolate or coffee. Some Christians also take on a Lenten discipline, such as reading the Bible and spending more time in prayer to draw nearer to God. [PAR] Strict observers do not eat meat on Fridays, having fish instead. The goal is to strengthen the faith and spiritual disciplines of the observer, and develop a closer relationship with God. [PAR] Lent in Western Christianity [PAR] In Western Christianity, Ash Wednesday marks the first day, or the start of the season of Lent, which begins 40 days prior to Easter (Technically 46, as Sundays are not included in the count). [PAR] The exact date changes every year , because Easter and its surrounding holidays are movable feasts. [PAR] The significance of the 40-day period of Lent is based on two episodes of spiritual testing in the Bible: the 40 years of wilderness wandering by the Israelites and the Temptation of Jesus after he spent 40 days fasting in the wilderness. [PAR] Lent in Eastern Christianity [PAR] In Eastern Orthodoxy , the spiritual preparations begin with Great Lent , a 40-day period of self-examination and fasting (including Sundays), which starts on Clean Monday and culminates on Lazarus Saturday. [PAR] Clean Monday falls seven weeks before Easter Sunday. The term \"Clean Monday\" refers to a cleansing from sinful attitudes through the Lenten fast . Lazarus Saturday occurs eight days before Easter Sunday and signifies the end of Great Lent . [PAR] Do All Christian Observe Lent? [PAR] Not all Christian churches observe Lent. Lent is mostly observed by the Lutheran , Methodist , Presbyterian and Anglican denominations, and also by Roman Catholics . Eastern Orthodox churches observe Lent or Great Lent , during the 6 weeks or 40 days preceding Palm Sunday with fasting continuing during the Holy Week of Orthodox Easter . Lent for Eastern Orthodox churches begins on Monday (called Clean Monday) and Ash Wednesday is not observed. [PAR] The Bible does not mention the custom of Lent, however, the practice of repentance and mourning in ashes is found in 2 Samuel 13:19; Esther 4:1; Job 2:8; Daniel 9:3; and Matthew 11:21. [PAR] Likewise, the word \"Easter\" does not appear in the Bible and no early church celebrations of Christ's resurrection are mentioned in Scripture. Easter, like Christmas, is a tradition that developed later in church history. [PAR] The account of Jesus' death on the cross, or crucifixion, his burial and his resurrection , or raising from the dead, can be found in the following passages of Scripture: Matthew 27:27-28:8; Mark 15:16-16:19; Luke 23:26-24:35; and John 19:16-20:30. [PAR] What Is Shrove Tuesday? [PAR] Many churches that observe Lent, celebrate Shrove Tuesday . Traditionally, pancakes are eaten on Shrove Tuesday (the day before Ash Wednesday) to use up rich foods like eggs and dairy in anticipation of the 40-day fasting season of Lent."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Signs of the Zodiac - Paranormal Encyclopedia Zodiac Signs [PAR] Home > Astrology > Zodiac > Signs [PAR] Signs of the Zodiac [PAR] A number, 1-12, marks each sign's place in the zodiac and each sign is identified by both an image and a symbol as well as its constellation in the heavens. A person's star sign is determined by the location of the Sun in relation to the zodiac at the time of their birth. [PAR] The spring signs of Aries the ram, Taurus the bull, and Gemini the twins are the first group of the signs of the zodiac. [PAR] 1. Aries (March 21-April 19) [PAR] Image: the ram [PAR] Element: Fire [PAR] Aries begins on the vernal equinox, which marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. Aries is a small constellation that represents the ram that Jason and the Argonauts sought to capture for its Golden Fleece. Those born under the sign of Aries are called Arians13. [PAR] 2. Taurus (April 20\u2013May 20) [PAR] Image: the bull [PAR] Element: earth [PAR] Mythology recognizes Taurus as the white bull disguise that Zeus assumed when presenting himself to Europa 12. A person born under the sign of Taurus is called a Taurean13. [PAR] 3. Gemini (May 21\u2013June 21) [PAR] Image: the twins [PAR] Element: Air [PAR] Gemini represents the sons of Zeus, the twins Castor and Pollux, whose names are given to the constellation's two brightest stars. Those born under the sign of Gemini are called Geminians13. [PAR] The summer signs of the zodiac are Cancer the crab, Leo the lion, and Virgo the virgin. [PAR] 4. Cancer (June 22\u2013July 22) [PAR] Image: the crab [PAR] Element: water [PAR] Cancer begins on the summer solstice, the time of year when the sun reaches its northernmost point. The sign of Cancer represents the crab crushed under the foot of Hercules. Cancer is most noted for the globular star cluster of Praesepe, the Beehive cluster. Cancerians are also called \"moon children\"7. [PAR] 5. Leo, the lion (July 23\u2013August 22) [PAR] Image: the lion [PAR] Element: fire [PAR] Egyptian, Babylonian, Arab, and Greek mythology all represent this well-defined constellation as a lion. The western part of the constellation, a curved line known as the Sickle, represents the lion's head15. In Greek mythology, Leo is the Nemean lion slain by Hercules. The Nemean lion was invulnerable to all weapons until Hercules strangled it with his bare hands. Zeus put the lion in the sky as a constellation14. Those born under the sign of Leo are simply known as \"Leos\". [PAR] 6. Virgo (August 23\u2013September 22) [PAR] Image: the virgin [PAR] Element: the earth [PAR] Virgo, the last of the summer signs, is a large constellation, represented by a maiden who holds a sheaf of grain. Virgo is also identified with goddesses of fertility such as such as Ishtar or Persephone. Those born under the sign of Virgo are called Virgoans13. [PAR] The signs of autumn are Libra the balance, Scorpio the scorpion and Sagittarius the archer. [PAR] 7. Libra (September 23\u2013October 23) [PAR] Image: the balance or scales [PAR] Element: Air [PAR] Sometimes identified with Astraea, the Roman goddess of justice15, Libra brings balance as she marks the second equinox of the year, the autumnal equinox. Her image is either a woman holding a balance or the balanced scale alone. One born under the sign of Libra is called a Libran13. [PAR] 8. Scorpio (October 24\u2013November 21) [PAR] Image: the scorpion [PAR] Element: water [PAR] Scorpius is one of the most vivid constellations in the sky with the bright"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? - ucg.org What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? | United Church of God [PAR] United Church of God [PAR] What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? [PAR] You are here [PAR] UCG.org / The Good News / What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? [PAR] What Does the Bible Say About Armageddon? [PAR] Posted on Sep 27, 2002 [PAR] by Good News Estimated reading time: 1 minute [PAR] Login or Create an Account [PAR] With a UCG.org account you will be able to save items to read and study later! [PAR] Sign In | Sign Up [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] It's a common term that most people use to mean \"the end of the world,\" but it's true meaning is a little bit different. [PAR] The Bible mentions Armageddon only once, in Revelation 16:16 Revelation 16:16And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon. [PAR] American King James Version [PAR] \u00d7 : \u201cAnd they gathered them together to the place called in Hebrew, Armageddon.\u201d The Greek word Armageddon comes from two Hebrew words: Har Megiddo, meaning \u201cthe hill of Megiddo.\u201d [PAR] The common (but misleading) notion is that Armageddon will be the last, climactic battle to be fought on earth between the powers of good and evil. However, this is not quite right in several crucial respects. [PAR] Armageddon\u2014or more likely the large broad Valley of Jezreel, or Esdraelon, which Megiddo overlooks\u2014will in fact be the staging area for the final great battle of this age, but not the site of the battle itself. That is set not at Meggido but in the Valley of Jehoshaphat\u2014commonly reckoned to be the Kidron Valley, immediately adjacent to Jerusalem (see Joel 3:2 Joel 3:2I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land. [PAR] American King James Version [PAR] \u00d7 ; Joel 3:9-16 Joel 3:9-16 9 Proclaim you this among the Gentiles; Prepare war, wake up the mighty men, let all the men of war draw near; let them come up: 10 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears: let the weak say, I am strong. 11 Assemble yourselves, and come, all you heathen, and gather yourselves together round about: thither cause your mighty ones to come down, O LORD. 12 Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about. 13 Put you in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great. 14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15 The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining. 16 The LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the LORD will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of Israel. [PAR] American King James Version [PAR] \u00d7 ). [PAR] Notwithstanding the popular concept of the Battle of Armageddon, the Bible makes no specific prediction for a war fought at Armageddon between two human armies precisely at Christ\u2019s return. However, the Bible does say that the armies of the East and West will"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] human toll of dementia - Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Dementia \u2013 Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Treatment, Care | alz.org [PAR] While symptoms of dementia can vary greatly, at least two of the following core mental functions must be significantly impaired to be considered dementia: [PAR] Memory [PAR] Ability to focus and pay attention [PAR] Reasoning and judgment [PAR] Visual perception [PAR] People with dementia may have problems with short-term memory, keeping track of a purse or wallet, paying bills, planning and preparing meals, remembering appointments or traveling out of the neighborhood. [PAR] Many dementias are progressive, meaning symptoms start out slowly and gradually get worse. If you or a loved one is experiencing memory difficulties or other changes in thinking skills, don't ignore them. See a doctor soon to determine the cause. Professional evaluation may detect a treatable condition. And even if symptoms suggest dementia, early diagnosis allows a person to get the maximum benefit from available treatments and provides an opportunity to volunteer for clinical trials or studies . It also provides time to plan for the future. [PAR] Sign up for our weekly e-newsletter [PAR] Receive helpful tips on managing symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Subscribe now [PAR] Causes [PAR] Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells. This damage interferes with the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. When brain cells cannot communicate normally, thinking, behavior and feelings can be affected. [PAR] The brain has many distinct regions, each of which is responsible for different functions (for example, memory, judgment and movement). When cells in a particular region are damaged, that region cannot carry out its functions normally. [PAR] Take our interactive Brain Tour . [PAR] Different types of dementia are associated with particular types of brain cell damage in particular regions of the brain. For example, in Alzheimer's disease, high levels of certain proteins inside and outside brain cells make it hard for brain cells to stay healthy and to communicate with each other. The brain region called the hippocampus is the center of learning and memory in the brain, and the brain cells in this region are often the first to be damaged. That's why memory loss is often one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's. [PAR] While most changes in the brain that cause dementia are permanent and worsen over time, thinking and memory problems caused by the following conditions may improve when the condition is treated or addressed: [PAR] Depression [PAR] Back to top [PAR] Diagnosis of dementia [PAR] There is no one test to determine if someone has dementia. Doctors diagnose Alzheimer's and other types of dementia based on a careful medical history, a physical examination, laboratory tests, and the characteristic changes in thinking, day-to-day function and behavior associated with each type. Doctors can determine that a person has dementia with a high level of certainty. But it's harder to determine the exact type of dementia because the symptoms and brain changes of different dementias can overlap. In some cases, a doctor may diagnose \"dementia\" and not specify a type. If this occurs it may be necessary to see a specialist such as a neurologist or gero-psychologist. [PAR] Learn more: Memory Tests [PAR] Dementia help and support are available [PAR] If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with dementia, you are not alone. The Alzheimer's Association is one of the most trusted resources for information, education, referral and support. [PAR] Visit our Virtual Library [PAR] Dementia treatment and care [PAR] Treatment of dementia depends on its cause. In the case of most progressive dementias,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egg white - definition of egg white by The Free Dictionary Egg white - definition of egg white by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Egg white - definition of egg white by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/egg+white [PAR] (Zoology) the white of an egg; albumen [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] egg white - the white part of an egg; the nutritive and protective gelatinous substance surrounding the yolk consisting mainly of albumin dissolved in water; \"she separated the whites from the yolks of several eggs\" [PAR] fixings , ingredient - food that is a component of a mixture in cooking; \"the recipe lists all the fixings for a salad\" [PAR] eggs , egg - oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food [PAR] Translations [PAR] n \u2192 albume m, bianco d'uovo [PAR] egg white [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] cookie [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] TEHRAN (FNA)- Iranian researchers from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences proposed the application of egg white as the size-controlling agent in the production of oxide nanoparticles. [PAR] A hot dessert that's really cool [PAR] INGREDIENTS (makes 1) 25ml of Amaretto 25ml of Mozart Dark Chocolate liqueur 25ml of Mozart White Chocolate liqueur 25ml of milk 2 dashes of Chocolate Bitters 1/2 an egg white 1/2 shot honey or sugar to taste Garnish with a small piece of Easter egg METHOD COMBINE all ingredients in a shaker with ice. [PAR] And to drink [PAR] INGREDIENTS (makes 1) 25ml of Amaretto 25ml of Mozart Dark Chocolate liqueur 25ml of Mozart White Chocolate liqueur 25ml of milk 2 dashes of Chocolate Bitters 1/2 an egg white 1/2 shot honey or sugar to taste Garnish with a small piece of Easter egg INGREDIENTS (makes 1) 25ml of Amaretto 25ml of Mozart Dark Chocolate liqueur 25ml of Mozart White Chocolate liqueur 25ml of milk 2 dashes of Chocolate Bitters 1/2 an egg white 1/2 shot honey or sugar to taste Garnish with a small piece of Easter egg METHOD COMBINE all ingredients in a shaker with ice."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amadeus (1984) - IMDb Amadeus (1984) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The incredible story of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , told by his peer and secret rival Antonio Salieri - now confined to an insane asylum. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Peter Shaffer (original stage play), Peter Shaffer (original screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 03 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 11 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 26 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 28 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Amadeus \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 8 Oscars. Another 33 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] In Chicago in September 1936, a young con man seeking revenge for his murdered partner teams up with a master of the big con to win a fortune from a criminal banker. [PAR] Director: George Roy Hill [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] Gandhi's character is fully explained as a man of nonviolence. Through his patience, he is able to drive the British out of the subcontinent. And the stubborn nature of Jinnah and his commitment towards Pakistan is portrayed. [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. [PAR] Director: Sam Mendes [PAR] When his secret bride is executed for assaulting an English soldier who tried to rape her, William Wallace begins a revolt against King Edward I of England. [PAR] Director: Mel Gibson [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] The story of T.E. Lawrence , the English officer who successfully united and led the diverse, often warring, Arab tribes during World War I in order to fight the Turks. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] Atticus Finch, a lawyer in the Depression-era South, defends a black man against an undeserved rape charge, and his children against prejudice. [PAR] Director: Robert Mulligan [PAR] Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. [PAR] Director: Orson Welles [PAR] A Polish Jewish musician struggles to survive the destruction of the Warsaw ghetto of World War II. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enemy | Define Enemy at Dictionary.com Enemy | Define Enemy at Dictionary.com [PAR] enemy [PAR] noun, plural enemies. [PAR] 1. [PAR] a person who feels hatred for, fosters harmful designs against, or engages in antagonistic activities against another; an adversary or opponent. [PAR] 2. [PAR] an armed foe; an opposing military force: [PAR] The army attacked the enemy at dawn. [PAR] 3. [PAR] a hostile nation or state. [PAR] 4. [PAR] a citizen of such a state. [PAR] 5. [PAR] enemies, persons, nations, etc., that are hostile to one another: [PAR] Let's make up and stop being enemies. [PAR] 6. [PAR] His unbridled ambition is his worst enemy. [PAR] 7. [PAR] the Enemy, the Devil; Satan. [PAR] adjective [PAR] belonging to a hostile power or to any of its nationals: [PAR] enemy property. [PAR] Latin [PAR] 1250-1300 [PAR] 1250-1300; Middle English enemi < Anglo-French, Old French < Latin inimicus unfriendly, equivalent to in- in- 3 + amicus friendly, friend; see amicable [PAR] Related forms [PAR] See more synonyms on Thesaurus.com [PAR] 1. antagonist. Enemy, foe refer to a dangerous public or personal adversary. Enemy emphasizes the idea of hostility: to overcome the enemy; a bitter enemy. Foe, a more literary word, may be used interchangeably with enemy, but emphasizes somewhat more the danger to be feared from such a one: deadly foe; arch foe of humankind (the Devil ). [PAR] Antonyms [PAR] Examples from the Web for enemy [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] For whoever holds love and compassion in high esteem, the practice of tolerance is essential, and it requires an enemy. [PAR] Tarrano the Conqueror Raymond King Cummings [PAR] There was nothing on board the Maria that could cope with the enemy's guns. [PAR] Hi Jolly! James Arthur Kjelgaard [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for enemy [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun (pl) -mies [PAR] 1. [PAR] a person hostile or opposed to a policy, cause, person, or group, esp one who actively tries to do damage; opponent [PAR] 2. [PAR] an armed adversary; opposing military force [PAR] (as modifier): enemy aircraft [PAR] a hostile nation or people [PAR] (as modifier): an enemy alien [PAR] 4. [PAR] something that harms or opposes; adversary: courage is the enemy of failure [PAR] related [PAR] C13: from Old French enemi, from Latin inim\u012bcus hostile, from in-1 + am\u012bcus friend [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for enemy [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] early 13c., from Old French enemi (12c.), earlier inimi (9c.) \"enemy, adversary, foe, demon, the Devil,\" from Latin inimicus \"hostile, unfriendly; an enemy\" (source of Italian nemico, Catalan enamic, Spanish enemigo, Portuguese inimigo), from in- \"not\" (see in- (1)) + amicus \"friend\" related to amare \"to love\" (see Amy ). [PAR] Most words for \"personal enemy\" cover also \"enemy in war,\" but certain languages have special terms for the latter, e.g. Greek polemioi (distinct from ekhthroi), Latin hostis, originally \"stranger\" (distinct from inimicus), Russian neprijatel' (distinct from vrag). [PAR] Russian vrag (Old Church Slavonic vragu) is cognate with Lithuanian vargas \"misery\" (see urge ), and probably is related to Proto-Germanic *wargoz, source of Old Norse vargr \"outlaw,\" hence \"wolf;\" Icelandic vargur \"fox,\" Old English wearg \"criminal, felon;\" which likely were the inspirations for J.R.R. Tolkien's warg \"a kind of large ferocious wolf\" in \"The Hobbit\" (1937) and \"Lord of the Rings.\" Related: Enemies. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baked Artichoke Recipe | Balanced Life Aloha Baked Artichoke Recipe [PAR] Baked Artichoke Recipe [PAR] written by Heather Restrepo [PAR] So there are a variety of types when it comes to artichokes (Red-Babyanzio, Big-heart, Siena, Mercury, Omaha, Fiesole, Chianti, etc.) But perhaps the most common is the Classic Green Globe artichoke. This is probably the type of artichoke you will find at your local grocer. [PAR] Having moved to Hawaii as a teen, that is when I was first introduced to this intimidating looking veggie. I would never have predicted that I could ever encompass the foodie-love-affair that I now have with them! The Classic Green Globe artichoke is by far my favorite because of its\u2019 buttery-tasting heart and bottom. There is also a good amount of meat within the petals \u2013 SCORE if you ask me! [PAR] Many people enjoy perfectly grilled, baked, or steamed artichokes at fancy restaurants, which are usually served with a garlic aioli type of sauce (find my aioli recipe here ). Nonetheless, making them at home is not as scary as you might think! [PAR] I find that steaming artichokes gives them a bitter taste compared to baking, plus popping them in the oven is so much easier than messing with a steamer! [PAR] So, here is my go-to recipe for BAKED artichokes: [PAR] INGREDIENTS: [PAR] 2 tbsp. Grass-fed Butter (un-salted) [PAR] 1 tsp. Garlic Powder [PAR] *NOTE: You will need a baking dish with a lid/cover. [PAR] To start \u2013 Preheat the oven to 425 degrees. Give the artichoke a good rinse in cold water, and use a kitchen brush to lightly scrub the outside. Then cut about a half-inch from the stem and discard the bottom piece. I also cut about a half-inch from the very top, just to open it up and allow the seasoning to get inside for cooking. *OPTIONAL: Some people like to trim the tops of the leaves to get rid of the thorns, but I find that they become soft during cooking so I don\u2019t bother. Then, carefully cut the artichoke vertically in half. [PAR] Line a baking dish with parchment paper and place the halves on top. Then lightly coat both pieces with a halved lemon. Take the other half of the lemon and squeeze along the inside of the artichoke, as well as between the leaves. Then sprinkle the sea salt and garlic powder all-over both sides and a bit between the leaves. [PAR] Next, lightly drizzle your oil all over the artichoke pieces (in between the leaves also). Then place a tbsp. of grass-fed butter in each of the heart pockets. [PAR] Cover the baking dish with lid, and place in to the oven. Allow to cook until sizzling., usually about 1 hour. (Ovens will vary, so check often after 30-40 minutes of cooking) [PAR] After cooking, allow to cool, remove the choke with a spoon (the hairy inside part), and then enjoy the meat on petals, and heart/bottom! [PAR] x. Heather"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous People Born in 1870 | OnThisDay.com 1870 - Famous Birthdays - On This Day [PAR] On This Day [PAR] Famous People Born in 1870 [PAR] Full Calendar [PAR] Jan 3 Henry Eichheim, composer [PAR] Jan 3 Henry Handel Richardson, Australia, novelist (Richard Mahoney) [PAR] Jan 4 Percy Pitt, English composer (BBC), born in London (d. 1932) [PAR] Jan 6 Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1944) [PAR] Jan 7 Lord Gordon Hewart, British judge (d. 1943) [PAR] Jan 8 Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, dictator of Spain (1923-30) [PAR] Jan 9 Joseph B Strauss, civil engineer/builder (Golden Gate Bridge) [PAR] Jan 11 Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945) [PAR] Jan 13 Henryk Opienski, Polish composer/conductor (St Moniuszko) [PAR] Jan 13 Ross Granville Harrison, American biologist (d. 1959) [PAR] Jan 14 Sir George Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1952) [PAR] Jan 15 Johan Peter Koch, Danish officer/explorer (Greenland) [PAR] Jan 15 Pierre S. du Pont, American businessman (d. 1954) [PAR] Jan 16 Wilhelm Normann, German chemist (hardening of oils) [PAR] Jan 18 Berend Modderman, printer (Drukkers yearbook) [PAR] Jan 20 Guillaume Jean Joseph Nicolas Lekeu, composer [PAR] Jan 22 Charles Arnold Tournemire, composer [PAR] Feb 3 Ada Negri, Italian poet/author (Il Libro di Mara) [PAR] Feb 7 Alfred Adler, Austria, psychiatrist (Inferiority Complex) [PAR] Feb 10 Fritz Klimsch, German sculptor/painter [PAR] Feb 12 Marie Lloyd, English music-hall performer (d. 1922) [PAR] Feb 13 Leopold Godowsky, Lithuania, virtuoso pianist/composer [PAR] Feb 17 Louis de Raet, Belgian economist/founder (Flemish People's Party) [PAR] Feb 18 William Laurel Harris, American mural painter, writer (d. 1924) [PAR] Feb 20 Pieter Cornelis Boutens, Holland, mystic poet/scholar (Verzen) [PAR] Feb 27 Louis Coerne, composer [PAR] Mar 4 Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet (d. 1944) [PAR] Mar 5 Frank Norris, journalist and writer (McTeague, Octopus), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1902) [PAR] Mar 6 Oscar Straus, composer (Ein Walzertraum), born in Vienna, Austria [PAR] Mar 10 Alfred Kastner, composer [PAR] Mar 11 Louis Bachelier, French mathematician (d. 1946) [PAR] Mar 13 Albert Meyer, member of the Swiss Federal Council in the 1930s (d. 1953) [PAR] Mar 17 Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (d. 1951) [PAR] Mar 20 Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, Prussian general/politician (East Africa) [PAR] Apr 4 George A Smith, Salt Lake City Utah, 8th President of Mormon church [PAR] Apr 7 Joseph Ryeland, Belgian composer/Baron [PAR] Apr 14 Syd Gregory, cricketer (Australian batsman in 58 Tests 1890-1912) [PAR] Apr 14 Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (d. 1905) [PAR] Apr 17 Ray Stannard Baker, US, journalist (Puliter Prize 1940) [PAR] Apr 20 Simeon Roncal, composer [PAR] Apr 20 Maulvi Abdul Haq, Father of Urdu, Pakistani scholar (d. 1961) [PAR] Apr 21 Edwin S. Porter, American film pioneer (d. 1941) [PAR] Person of Interest [PAR] Apr 22 Vladimir Lenin [Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov], Marxist Revolutionary and Soviet Leader, born in Simbirsk, Russia (d. 1924) [PAR] Marxist Revolutionary and Soviet Leader [PAR] Apr 28 Hermann Suter, composer [PAR] Apr 30 Franz Lehar, operetta composer (Naughty Marietta) [PAR] May 3 Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1948) [PAR] May 4 Alexandre Benois, Russian artist (d. 1960) [PAR] May 6 Amedos Peter Giannine, founded Bank of America, born in San Jose, California [PAR] May 6 John McCutcheon, cartoonist (Pulitzer Prize-1931) [PAR] May 14 Zygmunt Denis Antoni Stojowski, composer [PAR] May 19 Albert Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936) [PAR] May 24 Benjamin Cardozo, American jurist (d. 1938) [PAR] May 24 Jan Christiaan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa and proponent of Commonwealth & League of Nations (d. 1950) [PAR] May 27 Lionel Palairet, cricketer (elegant England bat in the Golden Age) [PAR] Jun"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Nicholas Breakspear: The only English Pope BBC News - Nicholas Breakspear: The only English Pope [PAR] Nicholas Breakspear: The only English Pope [PAR] By Jon Welch BBC News Online [PAR] Nicholas Breakspear became Pope Adrian IV in 1154 [PAR] The 'fallible' Pope [PAR] In the Vatican the preliminaries are over. [PAR] Group discussions have been concluded, oaths of secrecy have been sworn and mobile phones have been handed in to ensure total secrecy. [PAR] The 115 scarlet-clad cardinal-electors of the Roman Catholic Church who will choose the next Pope have shut themselves away from the outside world and started their deliberations in earnest. [PAR] The conclave has begun. [PAR] It could be several days before white smoke billows from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel, signalling that a new Pontiff has been elected. [PAR] Although it is far from clear who will be chosen to succeed Pope Benedict XVI, it is a pretty safe bet that he won't be English. [PAR] We need to look back nearly 850 years to find the last - and only - English Pope, Adrian IV. [PAR] In theory, any baptised male Catholic can be elected Pope. In practice, the job always goes to a cardinal. [PAR] Today, just two Britons hold that rank. One is Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, the emeritus Archbishop of Westminster, who has not been identified as a likely contender. At 80, he is no longer eligible to take part in the voting. [PAR] The other is the disgraced Cardinal Keith O'Brien, who stood down as leader of the Catholic Church in Scotland last month and faces a Vatican inquiry into his sexual conduct. He has stayed away from the conclave. [PAR] But for four-and-a-half years in the 12th Century, the top job in the Roman Catholic Church was held by a man from humble beginnings in Hertfordshire. [PAR] 'Rose from nothing' [PAR] Born Nicholas Breakspear in about 1100 at Abbots Langley, near St Albans, he was the son of an educated but poor man. [PAR] \"He rose from almost nothing to become Pope, and he did it all on his talents,\" said historian Anne Duggan, co-editor of Adrian IV, The English Pope. [PAR] \"It was an extraordinary achievement for an unknown from England.\" [PAR] Breakspear's father, Robert de Camera, was a clerk in lower orders in the service of the abbot of St Albans. [PAR] He entered the monastery, probably on his wife's death, leaving Nicholas to fend for himself. [PAR] The successor to Pope Benedict XVI will be elected by cardinals in Rome [PAR] Nicholas also sought admission to the abbey, but was refused, perhaps because of his lack of education. [PAR] Undeterred, he went to France, studying at Arles in Provence and then joining the St Ruf monastery where he prospered, becoming abbot. [PAR] Travelling to Rome on abbey business, he was noticed by the Pope, Eugenius III who kept him there, appointing him Bishop of Albano, in what is now the Province of Rome, in 1150. [PAR] What are the pressures on a 21st Century Pope? [PAR] Highly regarded by the Pope, he was given important jobs, including organising the Church in Catalonia after the defeat of the Saracens, and then in Scandinavia as papal legate. [PAR] \"If Breakspear had not become Pope, it is likely that he would still be remembered for his energetic work in Scandinavia in the early 1150s,\" said Fr Nicholas Schofield, archivist for the Diocese of Westminster. [PAR] \"As legate, he reorganised the Swedish church, sent missionaries into Finland and set up a huge bishopric embracing Norway, Iceland,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tokyo International Airport- Haneda Airport - YouTube Tokyo International Airport- Haneda Airport - YouTube [PAR] Tokyo International Airport- Haneda Airport [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 26, 2015 [PAR] Equipment I use for making the content: [PAR] Hub for Japan Airlines All Nippon Airways Skymark Airlines Air Do Skynet Asia Airways [PAR] Elevation AMSL 21 ft / 6 m [PAR] Coordinates 35\u00b033\u203212\u2033N 139\u00b046\u203252\u2033ECoordinates: 35\u00b033\u203212\u2033N 139\u00b046\u203252\u2033E [PAR] Website www.tokyo-airport-bldg.co.jp [PAR] HND is located in Japan [PAR] HND [PAR] 16R/34L 3,000 9,843 Asphalt concrete [PAR] 16L/34R 3,360 11,024 Asphalt concrete [PAR] 04/22 2,500 8,202 Asphalt concrete [PAR] 05/23 2,500 8,202 Asphalt concrete [PAR] Statistics (2014) [PAR] Sources: Japanese AIP at AIS Japan [PAR] Statistics from ACI [PAR] This article contains Japanese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of kanji and kana. [PAR] Haneda Airfield in 1937 [PAR] Tokyo International Airport (\u6771\u4eac\u56fd\u969b\u7a7a\u6e2f T\u014dky\u014d Kokusai K\u016bk\u014d?), commonly known as Haneda Airport (\u7fbd\u7530\u7a7a\u6e2f Haneda K\u016bk\u014d?) or Tokyo Haneda Airport (IATA: HND, ICAO: RJTT), is one of the two primary airports that serve the Greater Tokyo Area, and is the primary base of Japan's two major domestic airlines, Japan Airlines (Terminal 1) and All Nippon Airways (Terminal 2), as well as low-cost carriers Air Do, Skymark Airlines, Solaseed Air, and StarFlyer. It is located in \u014cta, Tokyo, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of Tokyo Station. [PAR] Haneda was the primary international airport serving Tokyo until 1978; from 1978 to 2010, Haneda handled almost all domestic flights to and from Tokyo as well as \"scheduled charter\" flights to a small number of major cities in East Asia, while Narita International Airport handled the vast majority of international flights. In 2010, a dedicated international terminal was opened at Haneda in conjunction with the completion of a fourth runway, allowing long-haul flights during nighttime hours.Haneda opened up to long-haul service during the daytime in March 2014, with carriers offering nonstop service to 25 cities in 17 countries.The Japanese government is currently encouraging the use of Haneda for premium business routes and the use of Narita for leisure routes and by low-cost carriers. [PAR] Haneda handled 68,906,636 passengers in 2013; by passenger throughput, it was the second busiest airport in Asia and the fourth busiest in the world, after Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Beijing Capital Airport (Asia's busiest) and London Heathrow Airport. It is able to handle 90 million passengers per year following its expansion in 2010. With Haneda and Narita combined Tokyo has the third busiest city airport system in the world, after London and New York City. [PAR] In December 2009, ForbesTraveller.com recognized Haneda Airport as the most punctual airport in the world for two years in a row, with 94.3% of its flights departing on time and 88.6% arriving on time. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Haneda Airport | Tokyo International Airport Haneda Airport | Tokyo International Airport [PAR] Copyright Haneda-Airport.com dir [PAR] Haneda airport is officially known as Tokyo International Airport. [PAR] Its original primary role was to serve the Tokyo region and handle almost all domestic flights. It now shares that role with Narita International Airport which handles most international flights. Haneda airport is administered by Tokyo Aviation Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport which manage the airfield, and Japan Airport Terminal Company ltd. which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NBA.com: Legends profile: Bob Pettit Legends profile: Bob Pettit | NBA.com [PAR] One of the best forwards in NBA history, Bob Pettit was an 11-time All-Star and a two-time MVP. [PAR] NBA Photos/NBAE via Getty Images [PAR] Legends profile: Bob Pettit [PAR] Posted Mar 3 2013 8:07PM [PAR] When Bob Pettit came out of college in 1954, no one thought he was talented enough to make it as a professional basketball player. Although he had been a prolific scorer at Louisiana State University, the tall, thin forward was deemed too slight at 200 pounds to survive the pounding of an NBA season. However, the scouts failed to factor in Pettit's willingness to work harder than anyone else on the court in order to succeed. [PAR] And succeed he did. After 11 years with the Milwaukee and St. Louis Hawks, he retired having become the first player in the league to top 20,000 points. The greatest forward of his era, Pettit was an All-Star in each of his 11 seasons, an All-NBA First Team selection 10 times, and an All-NBA Second Team pick once. He never finished below seventh in the NBA scoring race, and he left the sport with two Most Valuable Player Awards and an NBA championship ring. [PAR] BOB PETTIT [PAR] Drafted by: Milwaukee Hawks, 1954 (first round); franchise moved to St. Louis for 1955-56 season (1948) [PAR] Height: 6-9 [PAR] Weight: 215 lbs. [PAR] Honors: Elected to Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (1970); NBA champion (1958); NBA MVP (1956, '59); 10-time All-NBA First Team (1955-64); All-NBA second team (1965); Rookie of the Year (1955); One of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History (1996). [PAR] After Pettit's playing days had ended, rival Bill Russell offered this tribute: \"Bob made 'second effort' a part of the sport's vocabulary. He kept coming at you more than any man in the game. He was always battling for position, fighting you off the boards.\" [PAR] Born in 1932, Robert E. Lee Pettit Jr. learned about second effort long before he reached the professional ranks. His basketball career had gotten off to a discouraging start after he was cut from the Baton Rouge (Louisiana) High School team, first as a freshman and then as a sophomore. But with encouragement from his father, a county sheriff, the younger Pettit worked endlessly to improve his game, firing countless shots at the basket set up in his backyard. [PAR] When he tried out for the high school team as a junior, Pettit was already 6-foot-4, and he finally made the squad. One year later, in 1950, he led Baton Rouge High School to its first state championship in more than two decades. [PAR] He later said that the state title game was one of two contests that he could really remember clearly. The other was Game 6 of the 1958 NBA Finals against the Boston Celtics, a game in which he poured in 50 points. \"You can't really compare the games,\" Pettit told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. \"But at the time, winning the state title meant so much.\" [PAR] <p>Your browser does not support iframes.</p> [PAR] After Pettit's outstanding high school performance, he was rewarded with a scholarship to Louisiana State University. His willingness to work hard to score points and collect rebounds earned him All-America honors twice, and he averaged 27.4 points during his college career. By the time he reached his senior year at LSU, he had added five inches to his height. [PAR] Pettit was selected in the first round of the 1954 NBA Draft by the Milwaukee Hawks."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Desperate Housewives - TV.com Desperate Housewives - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] One day, in the loveliest of suburbs, housewife and mother Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong) decided to take her own life. Now, from her elevated state of point of view, Mary Alice introduces us to the lives of her friends, neighbors andfamily members living in the idyllic Wisteria Lane, a street where the lawns are green, the houses are pretty, the people are nice... and the secrets are deadly. [PAR] Her circle of girlfriends on Wisteria Lane includes: Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), an accident-prone hopeless romantic, always on the search of her happy ending; Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), a harried mother who gave up on her successful career to become the full-time carer for her vast offspring; Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), coined \"Martha Stewart-on-steroids\", a perfectionist home fairy who strives to uphold an immaculate appearance; and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria), a former top model turned trophy wife, who must adjust to a slightly more low-key life in the suburbs. [PAR] From her unique vantage point, Mary Alice sees more now than she ever did alive, and she's planning to share all the delicious secrets that hide behind every neighbor's closed door in this seemingly perfect American suburb. [PAR] Desperate Housewives stars Brenda Strong as Mary Alice Young, Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer, Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo, Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp, Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis, Ricardo Antonio Chavira as Carlos Solis, James Denton as Mike Delfino, Doug Savant as Tom Scavo, Nicollette Sheridan as Edie Britt (seasons 1-5), Andrea Bowen as Julie Mayer, Kyle MacLachlan as Orson Hodge (seasons 3-6), Kathryn Joosten as Karen McCluskey, Shawn Pyfrom as Andrew Van de Kamp, Madison De La Garza as Juanita Solis (seasons 5-8), Mark Moses as Paul Young (seasons 1-2; 7), Dana Delany as Katherine Mayfair (seasons 4-6), Kevin Rahm as Lee McDermott (seasons 4-8), Tuc Watkins as Bob Hunter (seasons 4-8), and Vanessa Williams as Renee Perry (seasons 7-8). [PAR] Marc Cherry (\" The Golden Girls \") was executive producer and creator. Desperate Housewives was produced by Touchstone Television and was the winner of both the 2005 and 2006 Golden Globe Award for \"Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy\". [PAR] moreless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bluebird reborn: Legendary speedboat that killed tragic ... Bluebird reborn: Legendary speedboat that killed tragic Donald Campbell is rebuilt from wreckage | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Bluebird reborn: Legendary speedboat that killed tragic Donald Campbell is rebuilt from wreckage [PAR] comments [PAR] The legendary record breaking Bluebird superboat in which speed-king Donald Campbell died after crashing at 328mph is to live again - 45 years after the tragic accident that sealed both their fates. [PAR] The wreck of the jet-powered Bluebird K7, which sank to the bottom of Lake Coniston in January 1967 before being found and raised by divers in 2001, is now being re-assembled piece by piece. [PAR] The aim is to put the phoenix-like reconstructed craft back on the water in a year's time - and run it at speeds of up to 100mph. [PAR] State-of-the-art: The Bluebird K7 is reconstructed by a team of experts. This still image is taken from a sequence using 3-D graphics to recreate Donald Campbell's tragic final journey [PAR] Grainy black and white film footage of the crash involving one of the UK's most famous speed-record champions has become an iconic image of a bygone age of British derring do and pluck, tinged with tragedy. [PAR] Now the remarkable story of the Bluebird's phoenix-like rebirth is chronicled in a new television documentary called 'Bluebird: The Spirit Reborn' to be broadcast on Christmas Eve (Friday 24th December at 19.30 on Sky News and Sky News HD). [PAR] A team from Sky News has not only followed the Bluebird project for an exclusive behind the scenes look at the re-build, it has also used hi-tech 3-D computer graphics to recreate second-by-second the crash and help pinpoint exactly what went wrong in the fatal record attempt run. [PAR] Iconic: This image of Donald Campbell's Bluebird hydroplane was taken on Coniston Water, Cumbria, on the day it flipped over and crashed as he tried to break his own world water speed record [PAR] Backed by the pilot's daughter, Gina Campbell, a small team of diving enthusiasts and volunteer engineers based in a workshop in North Shields on Tyneside is putting the original Bluebird back together using 90 per cent of the original parts and fabric - even removing and then replacing thousands of individual rivets. [PAR] The team also have a pilot to take the finished boat back onto the water at Coniston for its 100mph run. [PAR] Campbell smashed the world water speed record seven times in Bluebird K7 which was built in 1954. But in his final attempt when he pushed the by now ageing craft - designed to do no more than 250mph - beyond its endurance to 328mph. [PAR] It lifted out of the water like an aeroplane, flipped over, and smashed into the water at 183mph, throwing 50 tons of spray into the air before it sank 40 metres underwater to remain there for 34 years. [PAR] The Sky News documentary notes of the reconstructed graphic of the accident: 'For the first time we can see what happened to Donald Campbell and his boat. [PAR] 'On that morning in January 1967, Donald Campbell set out to make the two runs necessary to establish a new water speed record. [PAR] 'According to new analysis of this footage of the first run, alarm bells should have been ringing at this point. The film clearly shows Bluebird\u2019s front end lifting briefly out of the water after he\u2019d hit 310 miles an hour. Minutes later, Campbell would ask even more of her but his luck was about to run out.' [PAR] Crash:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cascabel Chili Peppers - Chili Pepper Madness Cascabel Chili Peppers - Chili Pepper Madness [PAR] Cascabel Chili Peppers [PAR] Be the first to comment! [PAR] 1,000-3,000 Scovilles. Capsicum Annuum. The Cascabel Chile is grown in several areas of Mexico. It is small and round, 2-3 cm in diameter, and matures to a deep red. [PAR] It is also called Chile Bola, meaning ball chile in Spanish. When dried, it turns to a dark brownish red, and the seeds become loose and rattle inside the chile. This is the reason for the name Cascabel, which means \"little bell\" or \"sleigh bell\" in Spanish. [PAR] With a mild to moderate heat level, the Cascabel is perfect for adding a touch of heat to soups, salsas, stews and sauces."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1/4: Fire and Ice: The Winter War of Finland and Russia ... 1/4: Fire and Ice: The Winter War of Finland and Russia - YouTube [PAR] 1/4: Fire and Ice: The Winter War of Finland and Russia [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 25, 2012 [PAR] The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. [PAR] It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty. [PAR] This was Finland's first war during WW2, followed by: [PAR] The Continuation War (against the USSR, 25 June 1941 -- 19 September 1944) [PAR] and [PAR] The Lapland War (against Nazi Germany, from September 1944 to April 1945). [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] The Winter War | English Russia The Winter War | English Russia [PAR] The Winter War [PAR] Posted on December 3, 2009 by team [PAR] Today we have one more documental article for you. In this article you will find out some details and information about not so limelighted, but still, about the war that was stuck down into the record of our history quite tight. Russian-Finnish War 1939-1940 or as it called otherwise \u2013 the Winter War. [PAR] Across the network: [PAR] loading... [PAR] The war was a military conflict between Russia and Finland and began with offensive actions of the Soviet Union on November 30, 1939. The USSR had three times soldiers and aircrafts more than Finnish army, and moreover, it had numerous times tanks more. [PAR] Those times the Red Army had a reduced morale and fighting spirit after the drastic purge in 1937 and had lots of inexperienced soldiers and officers. Because of that, Finnish army could resist the onrush of the Reds much longer than Soviet authorities had predicted. [PAR] On 13-th of March, 1940, after 3 months of warfare the war was over with the victory of the USSR and Moscow treaty of peace was signed. [PAR] By the stipulations of the treaty: [PAR] The USSR was given Karelian Isthmus with cities of Vyborg and Sortavala located on it. Also several islands in the Gulf of Finland, a part of Finnish territory with Kuolaj\u00e4rvi city in it and a part of peninsulas Rybachi and Sredny. [PAR] The USSR got Khanko peninsula for lease for 30 years to build a military base there. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] 76 Responses to \u201cThe Winter War\u201d [PAR] OLUT [PAR] December 3, 2009 at 7:26 pm [PAR] May be ctalin was cruel dictator,but soviet had no choice at that time.Lenin was no more,trotsky first flew to us and then from the world and Beria was \u201cinexperienced\u201d at that time.so ctalin was the rightist choice for the people,by the people and to the people! !.i personally i thankful to stalin for his \u201cpersonal\u201d contribution to the liberation of occupied Baltic states. [PAR] December 4, 2009 at 8:21 pm [PAR] Yes he liberated approx 20 million peoples, straight to heaven!! Not really funny. [PAR] He was so feared that even when dead, nobody dared enter his bedroom, he might not be dead!! And get angry and sent them to Gulag!! [PAR] December 3, 2009 at 7:17 pm [PAR] English Russia is a wonderful website, but what in"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The University of Maine - Hudson Museum - Birds & Bats The University of Maine - Hudson Museum - Birds & Bats [PAR] Previous Next Previous Next [PAR] Several types of birds can be identified in Panamanian polychrome designs. On category depicts various cracids, most notably the great curassow. The great curasow is a large-bodied, turkey-like bird with a curly headcrest, both arboreal and terrestrial in its habits and a slow and awkward flyer. Females are distinguished by distinctive bars or bands on the underside of the tail. Curassows also have a particular habit of turning the head back over the shoulder and wings in a kind of false preening gesture. [PAR] Curassows can be identified in Panamanian ceramic design by depiction of the barred tail, and a prominent, sometimes curly headcrest. Sometimes the body of the curassow contains boa kmmings, and sometimes the headcrest and/or the tail o the curassow are depicted in the curious form of a severed human limb. In Tropical American lore severed limbs may be associated with themes of banding, curlin and coiling, including hurricanes, whirlwinds, and waterspouts that \u201cwalk\u201d across the landscape, as well as with the form of the serpent and the crest of the curassow. The curassow and severed human legs are directly associated in myth from Amazonia in which children, wishing to cross a river decide to transform themselves into birds and fly across. The last child changes into a slow-flying curassow and falls into the river, where a caiman bites off both its legs. [PAR] Other birds found in Panamanian ceramic designs include the tinamou or a ty of heron typically shown laying an egg, the quetzal recognizable in part by its extremely long tail, parrots or macaws identifiable by their short, curved beaks, and heavy-billed toucans. The tinamou and its eggs, which are beautifully colored are accorded symbolic significance by a number of Tropical American groups. The Talamancan lore, parrots or macaws nested, like other birds, hi the branches of the immense primordial Tree of Life that connected the earth with the sky before it wa \u2013 felled and released the waters of the sea, at which time the nests of parrots and macaws became turtles. Toucans may have been of interest to ancient Panamanians in cosmological terms because of their multicolored beaks. [PAR] Another bird-like creature found in Panamanian art, the bat, is widely found in Tropical American lore in association with creation times. In Talamancan belief th, bat is one of the most primordial creatures and served an essential creative function. At the beginning of the World, when the earth was only hard rock, the creato found a bat hanging from the rock. From the droppings of the bat came the fertile soil that covered the base rock and allowed plants to root and, thus, people to live."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] So THIS is why Henry VIII called wife No.4 the Flanders ... So THIS is why Henry VIII called wife No.4 the Flanders Mare! Anne of Cleves is an upside down image of the king in portraits | Daily Mail Online [PAR] So THIS is why Henry VIII called wife No.4 the Flanders Mare! Anne of Cleves is an upside down image of the king in portraits [PAR] From the look on his face, Henry VIII is certainly upset about something. [PAR] Turn the portrait upside down and you will see what\u2019s on his mind. [PAR] Hidden in the king\u2019s features is none other than Anne of Cleves \u2013 the bride he considered so ugly that he never consummated their marriage. [PAR] Upside down: Henry in the inverted picture and Whistler's Anne of Cleves portrait [PAR] The double portrait from the 1940s is the work of artist Rex Whistler and is to be revealed on tomorrow\u2019s episode of Antiques Roadshow. [PAR] Show expert Rupert Maas said: \u2018It\u2019s just great fun. Anne wasn\u2019t a very attractive woman according to popular history \u2013 although I\u2019m not sure she was quite as hideous as this.\u2019 [PAR] Anne was the fourth of Henry\u2019s six wives, sent over from Germany after he saw a flattering portrait by Holbein. On arrival, he called her the \u2018Flanders Mare\u2019. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] They divorced six months after marrying in 1540. He married twice more while she remained in England and was given a generous settlement. [PAR] Henry and Anne are one of many double-acts Whistler made into reversible portraits. Mr Maas said: \u2018Whistler preferred the old masters to modernism, which is why he drew and painted in an old-fashioned style.\u2019 [PAR] A bit more flattering: The Hans Holbein portraits of the couple from 1539 [PAR] The artist, who died in 1944, gave the portrait to the current owner when she was seven after she sat for him. [PAR] The Roadshow programme from Enniskillen, Northern Ireland will be shown on BBC1 tomorrow at 8pm.[DOC] [TLE] The Flanders Mare: Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII\u2019s Fourth Wife English Historical Fiction Authors: The Flanders Mare: Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII\u2019s Fourth Wife [PAR] English Historical Fiction Authors [PAR] The Flanders Mare: Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII\u2019s Fourth Wife [PAR] by Lauren Gilbert [PAR] The life of the Henry VIII and his marital struggles has been a source of fascination to most people interested in history. (It\u2019s like a train wreck; even if you don\u2019t want to look, you just can\u2019t help yourself.) I have always felt a great deal of interest in, and sympathy for, Anne of Cleves, Henry\u2019s fourth wife. [PAR] Anne of Cleves is frequently dismissed with few words. Her personal appearance has been dismissed as unattractive, a \u201cgreat Flanders mare\u201d who was too repulsive to touch. Because she did not speak English, and was not educated in the music and literature so popular at Henry\u2019s court, Anne is frequently considered not particularly intelligent. Some views show her as of little prestige or import. Her time as queen is often considered a blip between tragedies. There is considerably more to Anne of Cleves than a serio-comic figure shunted off to the side. [PAR] Anne of Cleves was born September 22, 1515 in Dusseldorf, Cleves, Germany. Her mother was Marie of Julich and her Father John III, Duke of Cleves. Anne actually comes of very prestigious stock: she was descended from Edward I of England and had connections to Louis XII of France and the Dukes of Burgundy. (Only Catherine of Aragon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] China - Flags of the World China [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] China [PAR] image by Zachary Harden, 29 September 2009 [PAR] Formal Name (English): People's Republic of China [PAR] ISO Code: CN CHN 156 [PAR] FIPS 10-4 Code: CH [PAR] Flag Related Stamps issued by the Peoples Republic of China [PAR] According to Carol P. Shaw in the book Flags (Running Press), the red of the flag is the traditional color of revolution; the large gold star represents \"the Common Program of the Communist Party\"; and the smaller gold stars represent the four classes united by the common program: the workers, the peasants, the petty bourgeois, and capitalists sympathetic to the Party (or \"patriotic capitalists\"). [PAR] Bruce Tindall, 03 April 1996 [PAR] Very early versions of the flag has been in use since the early 1920s by the Communist Party, but was modified to become the present national flag in 1949. [PAR] Xuess Wee York Ting , 25 September 1996 [PAR] When I lived in PRC from 1987-88, I asked about the symbolism of the flag. I was told by several university professors and students on several different occasions that the large star represents the guiding light of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the four small stars represent the four other political parties allowed in the PRC. [PAR] These parties accept the legitimacy of the CCP to run the government and that they will not advocate for any change in government. These other parties, whose names I never could ascertain, are basically toothless and lend legitimacy to the PRC's claim to be a multiparty system. [PAR] Steven Chapman, 16 August 1999 [PAR] Whatever the present 'meaning' of the stars on the Chinese communist flag, I believe the original symbolism was the same as the original Republic flag - the Han people of China and the 4 other races (Manchurian, Mongolian, Tibetan, and Muslims). The first republican flag was 5 horizontal stripes red yellow blue white black, which IMO was a very handsome flag. Andrew Yong, 16 August 1999 [PAR] All books which mention the symbolism of the starlets on the PRC flag have the same explanation. There are at present 8 small parties besides the Communist Party: Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, Democratic League, Democratic Society for National Construction, Society for Furthering Democracy, Democratic Laborers and Peasant Party, Zhi Gong Dang (Party of Common Interests), Jiusan (=3 September) Society, Democratic Self Determination League of Taiwan, All-Chinese Union of Industrials and Merchants, (that makes 9; one of them might be the coordinating committee - I translated this from the Fischer Weltalmanach 1988) The Statesman's Yearbook 1993-94 and the CIA's World Fact Book 1996-97 confirm the existence of 8 parties besides the CP, which are controlled by the CP. [PAR] Jarig Bakker, 16 August 1999 [PAR] This is a quote from the New York Consulate of the PR of China and other 'official' websites. \"The national flag of the People's Republic of China is red in colour, rectangular in shape, with five stars. The proportion between the length and height of the flag is three to two. The five five-pointed yellow stars are located in the upper left corner. One of them, which is bigger, appears on the left, while the other four hem it in on the right. [PAR] The red colour of the flag symbolizes revolution; the stars take on the yellow colour in order to bring out their brightness on the red ground. The larger star represents the CPC, while the four smaller ones, the Chinese"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The untold story of how the buried Chilean miners survived ... The untold story of how the buried Chilean miners survived | New York Post [PAR] The untold story of how the buried Chilean miners survived [PAR] Modal Trigger [PAR] After 17 days, a small hole finally reached the miners, who gave the thumbs up to the rescuers above. AP [PAR] Jorge Galleguillos, a veteran miner at the San Jos\u00e9 Mine in Chile\u2019s Atacama Desert, was working 2,000 feet below the Earth\u2019s surface when he saw what he thought was a butterfly. His co-worker, Franklin Lobos, disagreed. [PAR] \u201cIt was white rock,\u201d he said, referring to the \u201ctranslucent, milky quartz that glimmers when it catches the light.\u201d [PAR] It was also a harbinger. [PAR] \u201cDeep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle That Set Them Free\u201d by H\u00e9ctor Tobar (Farrar, Straus and Giroux) [PAR] Because as they drove not 65 feet (20 meters) past that spot, that one falling rock became \u201ca massive explosion,\u201d and the area around them \u201cfilled with dust.\u201d [PAR] Unknown to them, this was but one part of an incredible collapse occurring throughout the mine. The men, along with 31 others, were about to undergo an ordeal the likes of which few suffer, and fewer survive. The next time they saw daylight, they would be global heroes, and their lives would never be same. [PAR] The collapse of the San Jos\u00e9 Mine on Aug. 5, 2010, became international news, as 33 men were trapped underground for 69 days, battling starvation and hopelessness as the world waited anxiously for news of their rescue. [PAR] H\u00e9ctor Tobar, author of the new book \u201cDeep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle That Set Them Free\u201d (Farrar, Straus and Giroux), was the only journalist given access to the men and their families, and returns with a riveting account of a remarkable disaster. [PAR] Translation: \u2018We\u2019re f\u2014ed\u2019 [PAR] The 33 men were trapped 2,000 feet beneath the Earth\u2019s surface for 69 days.EPA [PAR] The San Jos\u00e9 Mine was more than 100 years old, and a century of \u201cdigging and blasting\u201d had all but worn away its internal structure. The mine was known for \u201cprimitive working conditions and perfunctory safety practices,\u201d including escape tunnels that were \u201cuseless in an emergency because they lack the ladders necessary for the miners to use them.\u201d [PAR] On the afternoon of the 5th, the miners heard the explosion, and were enveloped in dust, as the ramps leading to the surface collapsed. [PAR] It sounded like \u201ca massive skyscraper was crashing down behind them.\u201d [PAR] The names of the 33 miners were painted on a rock at the camp where relatives waited for news of the rescue effort.AP [PAR] \u201cA single block of diorite, as tall as a 45-story building, has broken off from the rest of the mountain and is falling through the layers of the mine \u2026 causing a chain reaction as the mountain above it collapses, too.\u201d This piece, the men would later learn, was about 550 feet tall and weighed 770,000 tons \u2014 \u201ctwice the weight of the Empire State Building.\u201d [PAR] In the ensuing quake, several men were \u201cknocked off their feet by a blast wave\u201d as \u201cthe walls began to shake and stones the size of oranges [began] falling around them.\u201d [PAR] When the quaking was done, the men found themselves trapped and one miner uttered, \u201cEstamos cagados.\u201d \u201cLoose translation,\u201d writes Tobar, \u201cWe\u2019re f\u2014ed.\u201d [PAR] A quick inspection showed that \u201call"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bank of Lithuania : Monument made of coins in central ... Bank of Lithuania : Monument made of coins in central Vilnius to memorialise the litas and pay tribute to first Governor of Bank of Lithuania [PAR] Monument made of coins in central Vilnius to memorialise the litas and pay tribute to first Governor of Bank of Lithuania [PAR] December 18, 2015 [PAR] Today, an unveiling ceremony of a monument dedicated to Vladas Jurgutis, the first Governor of the Bank of Lithuania, was held in central Vilnius, near the building of the Bank of Lithuania. The monument was cast from copper/zinc/nickel alloy of molten 50 litas cent coins; approximately 75 thousand coins were used to create it. This is the first and only bust in Lithuania that is cast from molten coins. [PAR] \u2018This monument will remind us of the litas, the monetary unit that faithfully served our country, and will express our respect to professor Vladas Jurgutis, the first governor of the Bank of Lithuania, who greatly contributed to interwar Lithuania\u2019s monetary stability and consolidation of the litas in the national economy; thanks to him, the litas became one of the strongest currencies at that time. V. Jurgutis strengthened the Bank of Lithuania as a state institution, whose traditions we are continuing even now. The monument cast from litas coins is a symbolic way of expressing gratitude to the pioneers of Lithuania\u2019s monetary system,\u2019 said Vitas Vasiliauskas, Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Lithuania. [PAR] He thanked Gediminas Piekuras, the sculptor who created the monument for Vladas Jurgutis as well as a number of other sculptures located in various public areas in Vilnius. [PAR] Sculptor Gediminas Piekuras. Photo by Tomas Luk\u0161ys (BFL). [PAR] The newest architectural accent in the capital was also welcomed by Remigijus \u0160ima\u0161ius,Mayor of Vilnius, who also attended the unveiling ceremony of the monument. [PAR] Vitas Vasiliauskas, Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Lithuania, and Remigijus \u0160ima\u0161ius, Mayor of Vilnius. Photo by Tomas Luk\u0161ys (BFL). [PAR] The bust of Vladas Jurgutis stands on a pedestal featuring images of litas coins from interwar and present-time Lithuania. Hence the pedestal symbolically links the monetary history of the first Republic of Lithuania and that of present Lithuania \u2014 it is the history in which the name of Vladas Jurgutis is written. [PAR] 450 kg of 50 litas cent coins produced from copper/zinc/nickel alloy were used to cast the monument. A decision was made to make the bust from higher denomination coins \u2014 50 litas cent: it was easier to cast the bust and the pedestal using a smaller amount of coins. [PAR] Vitas Vasiliauskas is handing in a small copy of the sculpture of Vladas Jurgutis to Loreta Stonien\u0117, teacher of Vladas Jurgutis Basic School and Head of Museum in Palanga. Photo by Tomas Luk\u0161ys (BFL). [PAR] Vladas Jurgutis is one of the most eminent figures of interwar Lithuania: a politician, scientist, pedagogue and talented financier; from the inception of the Bank of Lithuania and the issue of the national currency, the litas, into circulation, he had led our country\u2019s central bank \u2014 the Bank of Lithuania \u2014 and the country\u2019s entire monetary policy for seven years (1922\u20131929). At the time, he had laid a solid foundation for Lithuania\u2019s monetary system. [PAR] To emphasise Vladas Jurgutis\u2019 merits in banking in Lithuania, the Bank of Lithuania has established the Vladas Jurgutis Award. This year it is awarded for the seventh time. The Bank of Lithuania has also established the Vladas Jurgutis Scholarship. It is awarded every year to two best-performing full-time students majoring in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rastafari movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rastafari movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Rastafari movement [PAR] This box: view \u2022 talk \u2022 edit [PAR] The Rastafari movement (also known as Rastafarianism or simply Rasta) is a monotheistic , Abrahamic , new religious movement [1] that accepts Haile Selassie I , the former Emperor of Ethiopia , as the incarnation of God, called Jah [2] or Jah Rastafari. Haile Selassie is also seen as part of the Holy Trinity and as the returned messiah promised in the Bible. [PAR] Other characteristics of Rastafari include the spiritual use of cannabis , [3] [4] rejection of western society (called \" Babylon \"), and various Afrocentric social and political aspirations, [3] [5] such as the teachings of Jamaican publicist, organizer, and black separatist Marcus Garvey (also often regarded as a prophet), whose political and cultural vision helped inspire Leonard Howell to develop the foundations of this new world view. The Rastafari movement predominantly emerged in Jamaica in the 20th century, and it proclaims Africa (also \" Zion \") as the original place where the body of the first man was found, which established independency among blacks. [PAR] The name Rastafari comes from Ras (literally \"Head,\" an Ethiopian title equivalent to Duke ), and Tafari Makonnen, the pre-coronation name of Haile Selassie I. Rastafari is commonly called \"Rastafarianism\", but this term is considered derogatory and offensive by Rastas themselves. [6] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Rastafari are monotheists , worshiping one, singular, God whom they call Jah . Rastas see Jah as being in the form of the Holy Trinity , that is, God being the God the Father , God the Son and God the Holy Spirit . [PAR] Rastas say that Jah, in the form of the Holy Spirit, lives within the human, and for this reason they often refer to themselves as \"I and I\". [PAR] Rastas usually accept the Christian doctrine that God incarnated onto the Earth in the form of Jesus Christ , to give his teachings to humanity. However, they often feel his teachings were corrupted by Babylon . Many Rastas, in accordance with their assertion that \"word, sound is power\", also object specifically to the English pronunciation of his name (/d\u0292i:z\u0259s/) as impure, preferring instead to use the forms in Hebrew (Yehoshuah) or Amharic ('Iyesus). [PAR] Integral to the basic Rastafari world-view is that Jah, as the Messiah or Christ, was incarnated again, this time as the Ethiopian Emperor, Haile Selassie (Ras Tafari). A few Rastas also claim that Melchizedek , an Old Testament figure, was a previous incarnation of Jah.[ citation needed ] [PAR] [ edit ] The Holy Trinity [PAR] Rasta doctrines concerning the Holy Trinity are mostly related to the name Haile Selassie meaning Power of the Trinity in Ge'ez , but the exact significance of this tends to vary. Many Rastas claim that Haile Selassie I represents God the Father and God the Son/Yahoshua/Jesus and the Holy Trinity, while all human beings potentially embody the Holy Spirit . [PAR] An 18th century Ethiopian image of Jesus [PAR] [ edit ] Jesus Christ [PAR] Most Rastas agree, as do the majority of Christians, that Jesus Christ is an incarnation of God on Earth. They consider that Jesus gave Jah's teachings to humanity, but they were distorted by Babylon . For this reason, it was prophesied in the Book of Revelation that Jesus would return. Rastas hold that this was fulfilled when Haile Selassie was born, whom they see as a reincarnation of Jesus, and therefore Jah, onto the Earth . [PAR] Rastas say"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Local Defence Volunteers (LDV) or ... - History Learning Site Home Guard - History Learning Site [PAR] Home Guard [PAR] Citation: C N Trueman \"Home Guard\" [PAR] historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 20 Apr 2015. 16 Aug 2016. [PAR] The Home Guard was originally known as the Local Defence Volunteers (LDV). This was considered too much of a title and it became the Home Guard, though the nickname \u2018Look, Duck and Vanish\u2019 did stick \u2013 rather unfairly as the work done by the HOme Guard was very important. [PAR] [PAR] The Home Guard had a number of purposes. They made those in it feel as if they were doing something constructive in the war effort. The Home Guard was not simply for older men past conscription age. Those young enough to be conscripted but who did not pass the military\u2019s medicals could join the Home Guard. Men between 17 and 65 years could join it. The government had expected 150,000 volunteers in total but within 24 hours of Anthony Eden\u2019s radio broadcast, 250,000 had joined. By August 1940, over 1.5 million men had volunteered. [PAR] On May 14th, the Minister of War, Anthony Eden, made the following national announcement: [PAR] \u201cWe want large numbers of men in Great Britain who are British subjects between the ages of 17 and 65 to come forward now and offer their service in order to make assurance doubly sure. The name of the new force which is now to be raised will be the Local Defence Volunteers.\u201d [PAR] The authorities were completely unprepared for the number that did respond. Within 6 weeks of the announcement by Eden, ten times more men had volunteered than the War Office had expected in total. To begin there were simply not enough official forms for men to apply \u2013 local police simply resorted to making a list of names. [PAR] With such a response, the War Office was faced with a number of problems. The primary ones were supplying sufficient uniforms for so many volunteers and the necessary weapons if Britain was to be properly defended. All available weaponry had, understandably, been handed to the regular military and a vast amount was to be lost by the BEF at Dunkirk. The Home Guard was ordered to find whatever it could to defend itself and occasionally men in the Home Guard were referred to as the \u2018Broomstick Army\u2019, the result of being seen drilling with broomsticks. Even six weeks after Eden\u2019s broadcast, there was only one rifle to every six men in the Home Guard. When rifles did arrive, they were American P17\u2019s and P14\u2019s from World War One. [PAR] They trained in the evening in such things as weapons handling, unarmed combat and basic sabotage. However, complaints were made that too much time was spent on drill as opposed to learning about proper soldiering. Despite Churchill\u2019s demand that the Home Guard be issued with proper weapons, the War Office issued 250,000 pikes \u2013 bayonets welded onto metal poles. Local Home Guard commanders initially received little guidance from the War Office as to training and it was left to them to develop their own tactics that were relevant to their own locality. However, with little professional support, a man in the Home Guard was four times as likely to die in an accident during training than a regular soldier. [PAR] However, training in the Home Guard was transformed in July 1940 by a veteran of World War One and the Spanish Civil War, Tom Wintringham. During the Spanish Civil War, Wintringham had developed an expertise in guerilla"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] (Letter from skylight, Opposing ... - hidden harmonies (Letter from skylight, Opposing Viewpoint) Does Hu Jia deserve the Nobel Peace Prize? | Hidden Harmonies China Blog [PAR] Hidden Harmonies China Blog [PAR] Uncategorized Nobel peace prize Hu Jia Guest [PAR] Six chinese has recieved the Nobel Prize (seven if you include Dalai Lama). This year there is some speculation that the Nobel Peace Prize may be awarded to a Russian or a Chinese. According to the director of a Norwegian peace institute, Stein Tonneson, the chinese environmental activist Hu Jia is a top Chinese contender. [PAR] The Nobel peace prize committee is made up of former Norwegian parliamentarians and is supposed to be independent of the government or party politics. Although it has managed its impartiality sucessfully, it has at times, been influenced by politics or pressure from powerful nations. For instance, Gandhi, the non-violent Indian independence fighter was strangely never awarded the peace prize, apparently due to fear of British displeasure at the time. [PAR] Chinese winners of the Nobel prize: [PAR] * Tsung-Dao Lee, Physics, 1957 \u2013 Chinese American [PAR] * Edmond H. Fischer, Physiology or Medicine, 1992 -Swiss-American(born in China) [PAR] * Daniel C. Tsui*, Physics, 1998 \u2013 Chinese American [PAR] * Gao Xingjian, Literature, 2000 \u2013 French Emigre [PAR] * Chen Ning Yang, Physics, 1957 \u2013 Chinese American \u2013 See Photo Above [PAR] * Samuel C.C. Ting, Physics, 1976 \u2013 Michigan-born Chinese American [PAR] (* Dalai Lama, Peace, 1989 \u2013 Tibetan-born residing in India) [PAR] Asians winners of the Nobel Peace Prize: [PAR] * Sato, Eisaku \u2013 1974 \u2013 former Prime Minister of Japan [PAR] * Mother Teresa \u2013 1979 \u2013 Indian citizen [PAR] * Aung San Suu Kyi \u2013 1991 \u2013 Burmese opposition leader [PAR] * Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes, Ramos-Horta, Jos\u00e9 \u2013 1996 \u2013 East Timor [PAR] * Kim Dae Jung \u2013 2000 \u2013 Republic of Korea [PAR] * Muhammad Yunus \u2013 2006 \u2013 Bangladesh [PAR] Hu Jia is a 35 year old Beijinger who has worked for humanitarian, environmental and Hiv/AIDS issues since the early 1990\u2019s. He addressed the European Parliament on November 26th, 2007 using his web-camera while under house arrest since spring 2006. In his testimony to the European parliament he said: [PAR] \u201cIt is ironic that one of the people in charge of organizing the Olympic Games is the head of the Bureau of Public Security, which is responsible for so many human rights violations. It is very serious that the official promises are not being kept before the games.\u201d [PAR] Only one month later, on December 27th he was arrested at his home accused of \u201csubverting state authority\u201d. On April 4th, 2008, he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison on a charge of \u201cinciting subversion of state authority\u201d for posting articles about the human rights situation in the run-up to the Olympic Games on overseas Chinese websites. [PAR] Post navigation [PAR] September 28, 2008 at 3:51 pm [PAR] I do not know who the other contenders are, and I think that many of the Nobel prizes have become a somewhat debased coinage, but if the question is \u201cshould we approve of Hu Jia\u2019s actions?\u201d My answer is a whole-hearted \u201cYES\u201d. [PAR] wukong says: [PAR] September 28, 2008 at 4:11 pm [PAR] It would be laughable to say Hu Jia has contributed much or any to world peace. But Nobel Peace Prize isn\u2019t about world peace, it\u2019s very much a political award. So if those former Norwegian parliamentarians (and western politicians in large) feel a particular need this year to sick it to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Steaks of America map: If each state could have ... Alabama [PAR] Meatloaf [PAR] Yes, Alabama, I know you have barbecue. And your Gulf Coast seafood is absolutely divine. But the meat dish that best embodies the Yellowhammer State is meatloaf. There are two reasons for this. One: Alabama meatloaf is practically the meatiest meat dish ever, containing ground beef, ground pork, smoked ham, and bacon. (I salute your commitment to the American way, Alabama!) Two: Meatloaf is the best thing to get at a meat-and-three restaurant\u2014one of those places that serves you a meat dish accompanied by three sides of your choice\u2014for a classic Southern stick-to-your ribs dinner. [PAR] Alaska [PAR] Caribou [PAR] I understand that many Alaskans would like to forget about the existence of Sarah Palin. But I cannot forget the scene in Sarah Palin\u2019s Alaska in which the former vice presidential candidate shot and skinned a caribou for its meat . The northernmost state is home to about 750,000 wild caribou , and about 22,000 are killed each year . \u201cCaribou is known for being lean and healthy, and above all, very delicious!\u201d enthuses Alaskan meat vendor American Pride Foods , from which curious carnivores can order caribou steaks, sausage, stew meat, burgers, and meat sticks. [PAR] Arizona [PAR] Carne asada [PAR] Skirt (or flank) steak marinated with garlic, jalape\u00f1os, and lime juice and then grilled, carne asada can be served in tacos, burritos, nachos, or quesadillas, or on top of fries. And though it\u2019s served throughout the American Southwest, few take it as seriously as Arizonans: Phoenix\u2019s alternative weekly names a \u201c best carne asada \u201d every year. That kind of dedication to excellence is what earns you a meat on Slate\u2019s United Steaks of America map. [PAR] Arkansas [PAR] Rabbit [PAR] Pel-Freez Foods, \u201c America\u2019s oldest and largest producer of domestic rabbit ,\u201d proudly calls Rogers, Ark., home. (Pel-Freez also has a branch that sells rabbit tissue to research laboratories.) Get Pel-Freez\u2019s free book of rabbit recipes here ! [PAR] California [PAR] Tofu [PAR] It\u2019s a well-known fact that Californians don\u2019t eat meat, just tofu and kale. And to include kale on a list of state meats would just be ridiculous. [PAR] Colorado [PAR] Mutton [PAR] Colorado is the most concentrated lamb feeding state in the country . So why assign it mutton (the meat of an older sheep) instead of lamb? Because mutton is tough and strong, just like Coloradans. (Also, I wanted an excuse to mention that Colorado is the birthplace of \u201c mutton busting ,\u201d a rodeo sport in which children cling to the backs of sheep for as long as possible, and one of the most creative uses of animals on this map.) [PAR] Connecticut [PAR] Hamburger [PAR] Several states lay claim to the first hamburger, but only one state has the backing of the Library of Congress . Louis Lassen, the owner of Louis\u2019 Lunch in New Haven, slapped some beef scraps on a bun in 1895 and altered the course of American history. Louis\u2019 Lunch is still in business, still serves hamburgers, and claims that \u201cCheese, tomato, and onion are the only acceptable garnish.\u201d Connecticut 1, stunt burgers 0. [PAR] Delaware [PAR] Scrapple [PAR] Delaware, a coastal statelet that Amtrak trains pass through en route from New York to D.C., is a leading manufacturer of scrapple, a loaf made of \u201c pork stock, pork livers, pork fat, pork snouts, corn meal, pork hearts, wheat flour, salt, [and] spices .\u201d You do you, Delaware. [PAR] Florida [PAR] Alligator [PAR] Is the alligator a mammal? No, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anime / Manga | Know Your Meme Anime / Manga | Know Your Meme [PAR] Know Your Meme [PAR] Dancing Brazilian Dog Inspires Remixes [PAR] Also Trending: [PAR] Updated Apr 05, 2016 at 06:15AM EDT by Triple Zed . [PAR] Added Apr 25, 2012 at 03:55PM EDT by Herobrine . [PAR] Like us on Facebook! [PAR] PROTIP: Press 'i' to view the image gallery, 'v' to view the video gallery, or 'r' to view a random entry. [PAR] This submission is currently being researched & evaluated! [PAR] You can help confirm this entry by contributing facts, media, and other evidence of notability and mutation. [PAR] Status [PAR] Work is currently being made on this entry, if you would like to help out please request editorship. [PAR] About [PAR] Anime is the Japanese abbreviated pronunciation of \u201canimation\u201d, and Manga is a Japanese term used to refer to any comic. In English-speaking countries, anime refers to a style of animation originating in Japan, characterized by colorful graphics and often featuring themes intended for an adult audience, and manga it has been mainly associated to the comics made in Japan, and the style they often use. The intended meaning of the word \u2018anime\u2019 sometimes varies, depending on the context. [PAR] History [PAR] Manga [PAR] Although manga can be tracked on 18th century, modern manga was born during United States\u2019 occupation on Japan after WWII. [PAR] Anime [PAR] Anime first began in the early 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques also pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia. The oldest known anime in existence first screened in 1917 \u2013 a two-minute clip of a samurai trying to test a new sword on his target, only to suffer defeat. After the success of the Disney corporations \u201cSnow White and The Seven Dwarfs\u201d in 1937, many Japanese animators were heavily inspired by it, and adopted many of it\u2019s styles while developing their own. In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka, often heralded as one of the grandfathers of the industry due to his work on series such as Astro Boy and Kimba The White Lion, adapted many Disney animation techniques to help reduce costs and limit the number of frames in productions. The first ever anime tv series to air in Japan was Otogi Manga Calendar, and aired from 1961 to 1964 [PAR] In The West [PAR] Anime did not start to get popular in the west until the late 1980s/early 1990s, after the airing of the cult film Akira . Despite the film receiving a limited release in the U.S., due to the perceived lack of marketability, it became popular within many circles, and is considered the staple for anime in the west. As well as Akira, many works by Studio Ghibli often received success within the west, due to backing by Disney. However, anime did not truly start to become popular until the airing of Cowboy Bebop on Adult Swim starting on September 2, 2001. The show became a breakout success, and helped lead to other anime airing on TV in America, and getting a popular western fandom, such as Fullmetal Alchemist , Soul Eater , Sword Art Online and Attack on Titan . [PAR] Online Relevance [PAR] Anime and manga have a long history online, spanning across numerous websites and communities. Online streaming services have developed into the primary source for many anime fans, with many websites being created in order to host fan-subbed anime. As well as this, a number of legal anime websites have also developed, offering users a way to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones - timeanddate.com Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones [PAR] Home Time Zones Time Zone News Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones [PAR] Russia Reduces Number of Time Zones [PAR] Published 23-Mar-2010. Changed 4-May-2010 [PAR] Update: [PAR] Russia will most likely make a final decision on time zone changes in the fall (autumn) of 2010, First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov announced on Friday, April 30, 2010. There are currently three time zones in the Russian Far East, and the presidential envoy to the federal district, Viktor Ishayev, believed that one more should be dropped. [PAR] More locations will follow the time in Kremlin, Moscow, starting March 28, 2010. [PAR] More locations will follow the time in Kremlin [PAR] More locations will follow the time in Kremlin, Moscow, starting March 28, 2010. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Mordolff [PAR] Starting Sunday March 28, 2010, Russia will have nine time zones instead of 11. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin recently signed decrees to abolish the time zones of four Russian regions. [PAR] Getting Closer to Moscow [PAR] Of the four affected regions, the Samara Oblast and the Udmurt Republic will now be in the same time zone as Moscow (UTC+3). These two regions are currently the only federal subjects in Russia in the Moscow+1 time zone (UTC+4). [PAR] The two other regions, the Kamchatka Krai and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which are the easternmost regions in Russia, will join the time zone of the Magadan Oblast (UTC+11). The time difference of these two regions with Moscow will now be eight hours (Moscow+8) instead of nine hours. [PAR] The decrees will come in effect on March 28, at 2am (02:00) local time. While most Russian regions will take their clocks one hour forward for the Daylight Saving Time (DST), the four regions will not adjust for the DST. This will enable them to reduce their time difference with Moscow and change time zones. [PAR] President Calls for Fewer Time Zones [PAR] Russian President Dmitry Medvedev suggested reducing the number of time zones across Russia in November 2009. Speaking to the Federal Assembly last year, Medvedev said time zone differences across Russia have a negative impact on the country\u2019s efficiency and require the use of expensive technology. [PAR] Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed three decrees (number 166 for the Udmurt Republic, number 170 for the Samara Oblast and number 171 for the Kamchatka and Chukotka regions) between March 20 and 22 to enact the change in the four regions. [PAR] The Russian ministry of industry and trade prepared the decrees, following the application of local parliaments to change their time zones. [PAR] A Mixed Reaction [PAR] Explanatory notes accompanying the decrees stated that most residents of the four affected regions welcomed the change, RIA Novosti reported. However, some Samara residents announced this week they plan to protest the decision. A demonstration against the time zone change in Samara is scheduled on March 27, although the local government says the dissenting voices are a minority. [PAR] Advocates of the change say the reduction of time zones will help Russia\u2019s regions to better coordinate their business and political activities with the rest of the country. According to the governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Roman Kopin, the time zone change will enable his region to work more effectively with neighboring regions as well as Moscow. [PAR] \u201cThe shift in the time zone will broaden the opportunities for the Chuktoka population to receive information from federal TV channels and will make educational TV programs more accessible to our students, which is very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Straight Dope: Why is \"CH\" the abbreviation for ... The Straight Dope: Why is \"CH\" the abbreviation for Switzerland? [PAR] A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board [PAR] Why is \"CH\" the abbreviation for Switzerland? [PAR] February 3, 2004 [PAR] Dear Straight Dope: [PAR] Why is \"CH\" the ISO abbreviation for Switzerland, as seen in Internet domain names (.ch) and the \"country\" stickers on European cars? \"CH\" fits none of the languages of Switzerland. [PAR] \u2014 Joe [PAR] Joe, have you forgotten so soon that staple of high school Latin classes, the first book of Gaius Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico (The Gallic Wars)? See if the following rings a bell: \". . . quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur: una ex parte flumine Rheno latissimo atque altissimo, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit; altera ex parte monte Iura altissimo, qui est inter Sequanos et Helvetios; tertia lacu Lemanno et flumine Rhodano, qui provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit.\" For those less versed in the classics I'll translate: \". . . because the Helvetii are confined on every side by the nature of the place; on one side by the Rhine, a very broad and deep river, which separates the Helvetian territory from the Germans; on a second side by the Jura, a very high mountain, which is [situated] between the Sequani and the Helvetii; on a third by the Lac L\u00e9man [Lake Geneva to Americans], and by the river Rhone, which separates our province from the Helvetii.\" [PAR] Pulling out our trusty National Geographic atlas, we see that the area between the Rhine, the Rhone, the Jura Mountains and Lake Geneva is occupied by the political entity known as (drumroll) Switzerland. From Caesar we know that the people living in that area were known to the Romans as the Helvetians or Helvetii. Maybe you see where I'm headed with this. Bear with me, I'm on a roll. [PAR] The reason Caesar wrote about the Helvetians is that they decided to migrate en masse to Gaul (present-day France), either because the barbarians from the north (present-day Germany) were encroaching on their territory or because they thought France would be easy pickings. In any case the Helvetians were determined - Caesar says they burned their villages before starting their long march. The Romans, however, didn't like the idea of hundreds of thousands people on the move close to their territory and forcefully asked them to stay put, which request culminated in the famous (to the Swiss) battle of Bibracte (58 BC) in which the courageous Helvetians were defeated by the dastardly Romans and sent back to their original dwelling place. [PAR] Many centuries of Swiss history will now be skipped. In 1848 the Swiss, following the religious civil war of the Sonderbund pitting Catholics against Protestants, wrote a new constitution and had to pick an official name for the country. As you point out, the Swiss are multilingual (having three official languages - German, French and Italian - and four national languages, the aforementioned three plus Romansh AKA Rhaeto-Romanic). To keep everyone happy, the official name for the country was chosen in a neutral language, Latin, using the old Roman name for the country's people. The confederation of the Helvetians is thus known as Confoederatio Helvetica or CH for short. On Swiss stamps and coins you'll see either the full name or the abbreviation Helvetia. On the 50 centime, 1 franc and 2 franc coins you can admire a majestic lady standing dressed in robes, carrying a shield and a spear - she's the Swiss \"mascot\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Herschel | Article about William Herschel by The ... William Herschel | Article about William Herschel by The Free Dictionary [PAR] William Herschel | Article about William Herschel by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/William+Herschel [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Herschel, William [PAR] [PAR] (originally Friedrich Wilhelm). Born Nov. 15, 1738, in Hanover; died Aug. 25, 1822, at Slough, near London. British astronomer and optician. Member of the London Royal Society (from 1781) and honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1789). [PAR] The son of a regimental musician, Herschel was educated at home (music and languages). In 1757 he moved to England, where he became known as a musician, composer, and music teacher. Herschel, who studied astronomy on his own, made hundreds of mirrors for telescopes. Between 1786 and 1789 he built his largest, 40-ft (12-m) reflector with a mirror diameter of 122 cm, for the first time making effective use of a single-mirror scheme (Herschelian telescope). He began observations of the sky in 1773. Among his discoveries were the planet Uranus (Mar. 13, 1781), two satellites of Uranus (1787), their retrograde motion (1797), and two satellites of Saturn (1789); he also measured the period of rotation of Saturn and its rings (1790). He discovered the movement of the solar system through space. In the mid-1770\u2019s he began a series of surveys of the stellar sky by his \u201cscoop method\u201d (counts of stars in selected areas). As a result, Herschel for the first time outlined the general form of our galaxy, estimating its dimensions and inferring that it was isolated in space as one of the stellar \u201cislands\u201d in the universe. Herschel interpreted the compact stellar condensations as actual clusters of stars. This work by Herschel marked the beginning of stellar statistics. [PAR] Herschel discovered the existence of binary stars (1803) and compiled three catalogs of double stars. One of his greatest contributions was the discovery of more than 2,500 new nebulas and star clusters (1786, 1789, and 1802). Herschel noted 182 double and multiple nebulas and guessed at the physical connection of their components. He ascertained for the first time (1784) a pattern of distribution of nebulas\u2014their tendency to cluster in layers; the \u201cstratum in Coma Berenices\u201d that he singled out makes up a sizable part of the equatorial zone of the Vaucouleurs Supergalaxy (discovered in 1953). Herschel substantiated (1791) the existence of \u201ctrue\u201d nebulas\u2014from rarefied self-luminous matter\u2014and advanced the nebular stellar-cosmogonic hypothesis of the condensation of stars and their clusters from diffuse matter, developing it (1802 and 1811) into a conception of the evolution of cosmic matter. Herschel was one of the first to begin the study of the solar and stellar spectra and in 1800 discovered infrared rays in the solar spectrum. [PAR] Herschel was assisted in designing and making telescopes by his younger brother, Alexander, a talented mechanic; later he was assisted by his son, J. Herschel. Herschel received a great deal of help in his observations from his younger sister, Caroline Herschel (1750-1848), one of the few women astronomers. [PAR] WORKS[DOC] [TLE] William Herschel in 1781 - SEDS Messier Database William Herschel (1738-1822) [PAR] Friedrich Wilhelm (William) Herschel (November 15, 1738 - August 25, 1822) [PAR] Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel was born in Hannover (Germany) in 1738 as son of Issak Herschel (1707-1767), a musician in the regimental band of the Foot-Guards, and Anna Ilse (b. Moritzen). F.W. Herschel himself became also musician (an oboist) and joined his father and his brother Jacob in that band. In 1759, after experiencing the 1757 battle at Hastenbeck,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Treasure Island: Plot Overview SparkNotes: Treasure Island: Plot Overview [PAR] Treasure Island [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] Jim Hawkins is a young boy who lives at his parents\u2019 inn, the Admiral Benbow, near Bristol, England, in the eighteenth century. An old sea captain named Billy Bones dies in the inn after being presented with a black spot, or official pirate verdict of guilt or judgment. Jim is stirred to action by the spot and its mysterious, accurate portent of Billy\u2019s death. Hastily, Jim and his mother unlock Billy\u2019s sea chest, finding a logbook and map inside. Hearing steps outside, they leave with the documents before Billy\u2019s pursuers ransack the inn. [PAR] Jim realizes that the contents he has snatched from the sea chest must be valuable, so he takes one of the documents he has found to some local acquaintances, Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney. Excited, they recognize it as a map for a huge treasure that the infamous pirate Captain Flint has buried on a distant island. Trelawney immediately starts planning an expedition. Na\u00efve in his negotiations to outfit his ship, the Hispaniola, Trelawney is tricked into hiring one of Flint\u2019s former mates, Long John Silver, and many of Flint\u2019s crew. Only the captain, Smollett, is trustworthy. The ship sets sail for Treasure Island with nothing amiss, until Jim overhears Silver\u2019s plans for mutiny. Jim tells the captain about Silver and the rest of the rebellious crew. [PAR] Landing at the island, Captain Smollett devises a plan to get most of the mutineers off the ship, allowing them leisure time on shore. On a whim, Jim sneaks into the pirates\u2019 boat and goes ashore with them. Frightened of the pirates, Jim runs off alone. From a hiding place, he witnesses Silver\u2019s murder of a sailor who refuses to join the mutiny. Jim flees deeper into the heart of the island, where he encounters a half-crazed man named Ben Gunn. Ben had once served in Flint\u2019s crew but was marooned on the island years earlier. [PAR] Meanwhile, Smollett and his men have gone ashore and taken shelter in a stockade the pirates have built. Jim returns to the stockade, bringing Ben with him. Silver visits and attempts a negotiation with the captain, but the captain is wary and refuses to speak to him. The pirates attack the stockade the next day, and the captain is wounded. Eager to take action, Jim follows another whim and deserts his mates, sneaking off to hunt for Ben\u2019s handmade boat hidden in the woods. [PAR] After finding Ben\u2019s boat, Jim sails out to the anchored ship with the intention of cutting it adrift, thereby depriving the pirates of a means of escape. He cuts the rope, but he realizes his small boat has drifted near the pirates\u2019 camp and fears he will be discovered. By chance, the pirates do not spot Jim, and he floats around the island until he catches sight of the ship drifting wildly. Struggling aboard, he discovers that one of the watchmen, Israel Hands, has killed the other watchman in a drunken fit. Jim takes control of the ship, but Israel turns against him. Jim is wounded but kills Israel. [PAR] Jim returns to the stockade but finds it occupied by the pirates. Silver takes Jim hostage, telling the boy that the captain has given the pirates the treasure map, provisions, and the use of the stockade in exchange for their lives. Jim realizes, however, that Silver is having trouble managing his men, who accuse him of treachery. Silver proposes to Jim that they help each"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph Lyons | National Museum of Australia Joseph Lyons | National Museum of Australia [PAR] Prime Minister from 6 January 1932 to 7 April 1939 [PAR] Right Hon. Joseph Lyons. Photo: National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an23311073. [PAR] Joe Lyons was the Premier of Tasmania before entering federal parliament. He was one of our longest serving Prime Ministers and co-founded the United Australia Party, which held government from 1931 through to 1941. [PAR] Lyons died while still in office in 1939, and his wife entered federal politics herself. She was the first woman elected to the House of Representatives and the first female member of a federal ministry. [PAR] Beginnings [PAR] Joseph Aloysius Lyons was born in Stanley, Tasmania, on 15 September 1879. He was known as Joe. He was the fourth of eight children born to Michael Lyons and Ellen Carroll, both of whose parents were Irish immigrants. Joe's father Michael failed in a series of enterprises - as hotel keeper, farmer, butcher and baker - before losing his family's savings on the 1887 Melbourne Cup. He suffered a nervous breakdown and was unable to support his family. [PAR] Joe attended a Catholic convent school in Ulverstone, but from the age of nine he had to help support his family by working variously as an errand boy, a printer's assistant and a farm labourer. When he was 12 he moved back to Stanley to live with his mother's sisters, Hetty and Mary Carroll, and to attend the local government school full time. [PAR] He became a pupil-teacher in 1895, finally qualifying as a teacher in 1901. He taught in small schools in the north west of Tasmania until 1907, when he won a studentship at Tasmania's first teachers' college in Hobart. After graduating he taught in Launceston and Hobart. [PAR] Joe Lyons was influenced by the Irish radicalism of his mother and aunts and, after being involved in debating while a junior teacher, he joined the Workers' Political League, which was the forerunner of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in Tasmania. He was very critical of people with large landholding interests and was in frequent conflict with his employer, the Tasmanian Education Department, for his political activities. [PAR] Lyons resigned from the teaching service in 1909 to contest the seat of Wilmot in the state Legislative Assembly. He was horsewhipped during the campaign by a large landowner he had criticised. Once elected, he promoted a series of progressive reforms, including free medical treatment and education for children, a state medical scheme, reform of the Legislative Council, aid to farmers, factory legislation and the breaking up of large estates. [PAR] In 1912 Lyons was elected president of the state ALP branch. In 1914 he became deputy leader of the parliamentary ALP. From April 1914 to April 1916 he served as Treasurer, Minister for Education and Minister for Railways in John Earle's ALP government. During this period he reformed the Education Department, abolished school fees, improved teachers' conditions and pay, and had Tasmania's first high schools built in Hobart and Launceston. The Easter Uprising in Dublin in 1916 reawakened his sense of Irish nationalism; he became vice-president of the Hobart United Irish League that year. [PAR] Lyons opposed conscription and campaigned strongly for the 'No' vote in the conscription referenda in 1916 and 1917. When the ALP split over conscription in November 1916, Earle resigned as parliamentary party leader in Tasmania and Lyons was elected to replace him. He spent almost seven years as state opposition leader from 1916 to 1923. [PAR] Lyons stood unsuccessfully as the ALP candidate for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 55 Celebrities Whose Real Names Will Surprise You ... 55 Celebrities Whose Real Names Will Surprise You | Thought Catalog [PAR] 55 Celebrities Whose Real Names Will Surprise You [PAR] Submit [PAR] Cancel [PAR] You might not have ever heard of \u201cMaurice Micklewhite,\u201d \u201cOlivia Jane Cockburn\u201d or \u201cDiane Hall\u201d \u2014 but you\u2019ve certainly heard of the actors who were born with these names. When the Hollywood system started, people commonly took simplified versions of their names to make them easier for people to say. Doris Day is much simpler than \u201cDoris Mary Ann Kappelhoff\u201d and Clayton Holmes Grissom picked \u201cClay Aiken\u201d when signing up for American Idol \u2014 because it was just more memorable. Or if you\u2019re Albert Brooks, there\u2019s no fucking possible way you can use your real name \u2014 because\u2026well, you\u2019ll see. [PAR] Here are 55 people whose real names might surprise you. [PAR] 1. Katy Perry [PAR] Real Name: Katy Hudson [PAR] The singer changed her name to avoid confusion with that other Hudson she shares a name with: Kate Hudson. [PAR] 2. Demi Moore [PAR] Her exes were born as \u201cWalter Willis\u201d and \u201cChristopher Kutcher.\u201d [PAR] 3. Albert Brooks [PAR] The reason for the name change should be pretty obvious. [PAR] 4. Meg Ryan [PAR] Real Name: Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra [PAR] Is it just me or is her real name close to being a Fiona Apple album title? [PAR] 5. Natalie Wood [PAR] Real Name: Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko [PAR] Born to Russian immigration parents, the young actress changed it to blend into the Hollywood times, like the Swedish Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, better known as Greta Garbo. [PAR] 6. Woody Allen [PAR] Come to think of it, Allen doesn\u2019t sound very Jewish, does it? [PAR] 7. Louis C.K. [PAR] Real Name: Louis Szekely [PAR] Louis C.K.\u2019s stage name is barely such. It\u2019s just an easier way to say his actual last name, which is pronounced \u201cSee-kay.\u201d [PAR] 8. Joaquin Phoenix [PAR] Real Name: Joaquin Rafael Bottom [PAR] If he were gay, that last name would be perfection. [PAR] 9. Garrison Keillor [PAR] Real Name: Gary Edward Keillor [PAR] See? Even NPR personalities use stage names. [PAR] 10. Chevy Chase [PAR] Real Name: Cornelius Crane Chase [PAR] The actor got his name from the traditional English song \u201cThe Ballad of Chevy Chase,\u201d which (unfortunately) was not about an old racist who is difficult to work with and derails brilliant shows. [PAR] 11. Tina Fey [PAR] Real Name: Elizabeth Stamatina Fey [PAR] Like her 30 Rock character, Tina Fey\u2019s real first name is \u201cLiz.\u201d [PAR] 12. Ben Kingsley [PAR] Real Name: Krishna Pandit Bhanji [PAR] Like Barack Obama, Kingsley was born to a white mother and Kenyan father \u2014 of Indian Muslim descent. [PAR] 13. Olivia Wilde [PAR] Real Name: Olivia Jane Cockburn [PAR] My last name rhymes with another word for a penis, which made Middle School rough. Olivia Cockburn, I\u2019m here for you, if ever you need to talk. [PAR] 14. Alan Alda [PAR] Real Name: Alphonso d\u2019Abruzzo [PAR] Alda\u2019s last name was concocted by putting together the first two letters of his first and last name. AL + DA = Alda. [PAR] 15. Portia De Rossi [PAR] Real Name: Amanda Lee Rogers [PAR] I guess she figured that \u201cPortia de Rossi\u201d had more zest to it than \u201cAmanda Rogers.\u201d She was probably right. [PAR] 16. Diane Keaton [PAR] In real life, she shares a last name with her most famous character, Annie Hall. [PAR] 17. Michael Caine [PAR] Michael Caine named himself after Humphrey Bogart\u2019s character in \u201cThe Caine Mutiny.\u201d [PAR] 18."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dog Watch - Phrase Finder Dog Watch - phrase meaning and origin [PAR] Dog Watch [PAR] Posted by Bruce Kahl on August 14, 2000 [PAR] In Reply to: Naval language posted by Janet Agar on August 14, 2000 [PAR] : Origin of naval phrase \"dog watch\" please [PAR] Dogwatch [PAR] A dogwatch at sea is the period between 4 and 6 p.m, the first dogwatch, or the period between 6 and 8 p.m., the second dog watch. The watches aboard ships are: [PAR] Noon to 4:00 p.m. Afternoon watch [PAR] 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. First dogwatch [PAR] 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Second dogwatch [PAR] 8:00 p.m. to midnight 1st night watch [PAR] Midnight to 4:00 a.m. Middle watch or mid watch [PAR] 4:00 to 8:00 a.m. Morning watch [PAR] 8:00 a.m. to noon Forenoon watch [PAR] The dogwatches are only two hours each so the same Sailors aren't always on duty at the same time each afternoon. Some experts say dogwatch is a corruption of dodge watch and others associate dogwatch with the fitful sleep of Sailors called dog sleep, because it is a stressful watch. But no one really knows the origin of this term, which was in use at least back to 1700."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the ... #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in - Pastebin.com [PAR] raw get clone embed report print text 2.69 KB [PAR] #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus [PAR] #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel \u2018Treasure Island\u2019 by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola [PAR] #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia [PAR] #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles [PAR] #question=The singer Mary O\u2019Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield [PAR] #question=In British currency slang, how much is a \u2018lady\u2019 worth?#answer=Five pounds [PAR] #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway [PAR] #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours [PAR] #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it \u2018The Biggest Little City in the World\u2019?#answer=Reno [PAR] #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving [PAR] #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover [PAR] #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 [PAR] #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film \u2018Goldeneye\u2019?#answer=Alec Trevelyan [PAR] #question=\u2018Pro pace et fraternitate gentium\u2019 is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel Peace Prize Medal [PAR] #question=The city of Hollywood, Broward County, is in which US state?#answer=Florida [PAR] #question=Hermit, Spider and Blue are all types of which creature?#answer=Crab [PAR] #question=Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 1939 novel \u2018Gadsby\u2019, containing over 50,000 words, leaving out which letter of the alphabet?#answer=;The letter \u2018E\u2019;e;letter e; [PAR] #question=How many finger holes does a penny whistle have?#answer=Six [PAR] #question=What is the collective name for a group of toads?#answer=Knot [PAR] #question=What is the only English word, and its derivatives, to end in \u2018mt\u2019?#answer=Dreamt [PAR] #question=In the UK, in which year was the voting age lowered from 30 to 21 for women?#answer=1928 [PAR] #question=What is the most times a piece of paper can be folded in half?#answer=Seven [PAR] #question=Ablutophilia is the sexual arousal from what?#answer=Water [PAR] #question=How many goals did footballer Gary Lineker score for England?#answer=48 [PAR] #question=What was the middle name of actor Laurence Olivier?#answer=Kerr [PAR] #question=The ship \u2018Cutty Sark\u2019 was built in which Scottish dockyard town?#answer=Dumbarton [PAR] #question=Who composed the romantic opera \u2018Lohengrin\u2019?#answer=Richard Wagner [PAR] #question=What are the Secret Service names for Barack and Michelle Obama?#answer=Renegade and Renaissance [PAR] #question=Lotus Air airlines is based in which African country?#answer=Egypt [PAR] #question=Texas Hold \u2018Em is a variation of which card game?#answer=Poker [PAR] RAW Paste Data [PAR] #question=Astronomer William Herschel announced the discovery of which planet in our solar system in March 1781?#answer=Uranus #question=What is the name of the ship in the novel \u2018Treasure Island\u2019 by Robert Louis Stevenson?#answer=Hispaniola #question=Joseph Lyons became Prime Minister of which country in 1932?#answer=Australia #question=The Khyber Pass is approximately how many miles long?#answer=33 Miles #question=The singer Mary O\u2019Brien was better known by what name?#answer=Dusty Springfield #question=In British currency slang, how much is a \u2018lady\u2019 worth?#answer=Five pounds #question=On an Ordnance Survey map, what does Ry stand for?#answer=Railway #question=How long is a dog watch at sea?#answer=Two hours #question=Which US city displays a large sign declaring it \u2018The Biggest Little City in the World\u2019?#answer=Reno #question=PADI is the training course to qualify as an instructor in what?#answer=Scuba diving #question=Which English town had the Roman name Dubris?#answer=Dover #question=What does the diameter of a golf hole measure in inches?#answer=4.25 #question=What role did actor Sean Bean play in the film \u2018Goldeneye\u2019?#answer=Alec Trevelyan #question=\u2018Pro pace et fraternitate gentium\u2019 is the inscription on which medal?#answer=Nobel Peace Prize Medal #question=The city of Hollywood, Broward County, is in which US state?#answer=Florida #question=Hermit, Spider and Blue are all types of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Is the Size of the Golf Hole 4.25 Inches? Why Is the Size of the Golf Hole 4.25 Inches? [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] How many times have you lipped out a putt and wished that the size of the hole on the green was just a smidge larger? Why is the golf hole that size to begin with? That's one our most frequently asked questions: How did the hole come to be standardized at its current measurement of 4.25 inches in diameter? [PAR] Like so many things in golf, the standardized size of the hole comes to us courtesy of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews , with an assist from the links at Musselburgh. [PAR] Standardizing the Size of the Golf Hole [PAR] From the beginnings of golf into the late 19th century, the size of the holes on golf greens was not necessarily standard from golf course to golf course. But in new rules issued in 1891, the R&A determined that the hole size should be standard on golf courses everywhere. So the R&A discussed just what exactly that size should be. [PAR] The size they decided on was 4.25 inches in diameter. The reason is that the folks at Musselburgh (now a 9-hole municipal course on the Levenhall Links near Edinburgh, Scotland) had invented, in 1829, the first known hole-cutter. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Basketball Players of All Time [PAR] That ancient hole-cutter is still in existence and is on display in the clubhouse at Royal Musselburgh, an 18-hole course in Prestonpans, Scotland. (That's where the Royal Musselburgh Golf Club that used to play at the 9-holer outside Edinburgh is now based.) [PAR] R&A Adopts 4.25-Inch Hole Size [PAR] That first hole-cutter utilized a cutting tool that was, you guessed it, 4.25 inches in diameter. The folks running the R&A apparently liked that size and so adopted it in their rules for 1891. And as was usually the case, the rest of the golf world followed in the footsteps of the R&A. [PAR] The exact reasons for why that first tool cut holes at the now-standard diameter are lost to history. But it was almost certainly a completely arbitrary thing, a notion supported by the story (perhaps apocryphal) that the tool was built from some excess pipe that was laying about the Musselburgh links. (That 9-hole Musselburgh links, by the way, was the site of six British Opens from 1874 to 1889.) [PAR] Experiments with Golf Hole Size [PAR] The hole size has been standardized ever since at 4.25 inches, although occasionally there is a push to enlarge the hole, at least for recreational golfers. In the 1930s, Gene Sarazen spoke in favor a few times of going to an 8-inch hole. Jack Nicklaus has, a few times, cut 8-inch holes at his Muirfield Village Golf Club , for special events. In 2014, TaylorMade sponsored an exhibition played with 15-inch holes and that included professional golfers such as Sergio Garcia. [PAR] While it is almost inconceivable to think that high-level golf would ever be played with anything other than the standard 4.25-inch hole size, it certainly is possible that a few golf courses here and there could cut larger holes and see how their customers react to it. Making more putts means having more fun to recreational golfers, this line of thinking goes. [PAR] So expect to see experiments with hole size continue periodically. Meantime, remember: the golf hole size is 4.25 inches because that's the size the R&A decided, in 1891, to standardize.[DOC] [TLE]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hollywood, Broward, Florida, United States - City, Town ... Hollywood, Broward, Florida, United States - City, Town and Village of the world [PAR] Hollywood, CA [PAR] Company : Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Inc [PAR] Director of Welcome Office Company Who Are We? W is a destination,more than a hotel. A contemporary lifestyle brand infused with theenergy of non-traditional luxury Whats hip, fresh, and cool,always balanced with what is comfortable and coz... [PAR] Contract : N/A [PAR] In Room Dining Server (PT) [PAR] Hollywood, CA [PAR] Company : Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Inc [PAR] In Room Dining Server (PT) Company Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. is one of the leading hotel and leisure companies in the world with more than 1,300 properties in over 100 countries and over 180,000 employees at its owned and ma... [PAR] Contract : N/A [PAR] Family Practice/Primary Care - Nurse Practitioner [PAR] West Hollywood, CA [PAR] Company : Healthcare Recruitment Counselors [PAR] Family Practice/Primary Care opening in West Hollywood, California. This and other nurse practitioner jobs brought to you by Nursing Job Cafe. Full time Physician Assistant/Nurse Practitioner West Hollywood, California 90069PA/NP wanted for... [PAR] Contract : N/A [PAR] Days Inn Airport - Cruise Port South [PAR] Hollywood [PAR] This Hollywood Florida hotel is less than 3 miles from Fort Lauderdale Hollywood Airport. It offers a shuttle service to Port Everglades for a surcharge as well as a daily continental breakfast... view more [PAR] from [PAR] Holiday Inn Fort Lauderdale Airport [PAR] Hollywood [PAR] Located 5 miles from Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, this hotel offers a free airport transport service. Its spacious rooms feature flat-screen cable TVs and free Wi-Fi... view more [PAR] from [PAR] La Quinta Inn & Suites Fort Lauderdale Airport [PAR] Hollywood [PAR] Within 3 miles from picturesque Hollywood Beach, this Florida hotel boasts transport service to Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, which is 4 miles away. An outdoor pool, free Wi-Fi, and daily continental breakfast are also offered... view more [PAR] from [PAR] Quality Inn Airport & Suites Cruise Port South [PAR] Hollywood [PAR] Minutes from Port Everglades cruise terminals and Fort Lauderdale International Airport with free shuttle service, this hotel provides thoughtful amenities, comfortable rooms and on-site dining options... view more [PAR] from [PAR] Summer Hollywood Corp [PAR] Hollywood [PAR] Located within 4 miles of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, this Hollywood apartment features a fully equipped kitchen and includes access to an on-site aqua park... view more [PAR] More Hotels \u00bb"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAQ about 6-hole whistle - Fujara FAQ about 6-hole whistle [PAR] [PAR] What is actually a whistle (pistalka)? [PAR] Whistle (pistalka) is an end blown fipple flute about one feet in length with six fingering holes bored along the side held upwards. [PAR] Are whistles (pistalka) available in Slovakia only? [PAR] Whistle is very common in many cultures all around the globe. Perhaps the most known 6 hole whistle today is Irish tin whistle. Basically, there is no difference between Irish tin whistle and Slovak pistalka except the material used: Slovak pistalka is on contrary to Irish tin whistle purely hand made from natural piece of upland wood. [PAR] What is the difference between pistalka, irish whistle, tin whistle or penny whistle? [PAR] \"Slovak pistalka\" is basically the same as irish whistle. Pistalka as well as Irish whistle is endblown fipple flute with 6 side fingering holes. The only difference is in the material and technology used. Whereas Irish whistle is mass produced from tin, Slovak pistalka is hand made from upland wood (Elder tree - Sambucus Nigra). [PAR] \"Tin whistle\" is another name for Irish whistle indicating that it is made of tin. [PAR] \"Penny whistle\" is another name for very popular \"D whistle\". [PAR] \"Low D whistle\" is one octave lower in tuning and 2 times longer as the penny whistle. [PAR] How is the whistle (pistalka) made ? [PAR] Slovak whistles are made of natural piece of upland elder tree about one to two feet in lenght. The maker bores out the inside to the proper diameter and then plugs the top end and creates the airway and edge for tone production creating thus a fipple sound device . The bore is cylindrical. The finger holes are measured and cut, and intricate carving or coloring may be added to individualize the instrument. [PAR] How is the whistle (pistalka) played ? [PAR] The player blows through the fipple on the top end and covers the finger holes with the first three fingers of each hand. The melody is played out on by fingering the whistle's holes. [PAR] How to hold the whistle ? [PAR] Left hand at top, operating first three holes, right hand at bottom, managing bottom three holes. Don\u2019t attempt to cover holes with the fingertips, but rather use the \u2018pads\u2019 of the first joint of each finger. [PAR] What are the whistle (pistalka) keys and lenghts ? [PAR] Whistle key is corresponding with its lenght, longer means lower. [PAR] Key - lenght in cm (inches) [PAR] D - 58 cm (23\") - low D whistle [PAR] E - 54 cm (21\")"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] So Many Frogs So Many Frogs! [PAR] A group of fish is called a School of Fish. [PAR] A group of geese is called a Gaggle of Geese. [PAR] A group of sea gulls is called a Flock of Sea gulls. [PAR] A bunch of cows and bulls is called a Herd of Cattle. [PAR] But what do you call a group of frogs? [PAR] Answer: An ARMY of Frogs! [PAR] And what do you call a group of toads? [PAR] Answer: An KNOT of Toads! [PAR] Wild about Words? Check here for more animal language fun!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Five English Words That Are Utterly Unique by Dictionary.com Five English Words That Are Utterly Unique by Dictionary.com [PAR] Syzygy [PAR] [siz-i-jee] [PAR] Amazingly, the only English word with three Ys also happens to describe a rare astronomical event involving three heavenly bodies. A syzygy is the alignment of three celestial bodies in a straight line, commonly the Earth, the Sun and the Moon. Now, what is the only common English word to end in -mt? [PAR] Dreamt [PAR] [dremt] [PAR] A poet would appreciate how this past tense of dream possesses such a special quality -- the only verb in regular English usage to end with -mt. We hear from people constantly who swear there must be another term ending in -mt. No one has ever actually offered a second example, however. Perhaps it exists in a dream. The next word is the exact opposite of -mt. [PAR] Tmesis [PAR] [tuh-mee-sis] [PAR] The sole term in the English language to begin with tm- has an unusual meaning to match. Tmesis is the insertion of one or more words between the words that make up a compound phrase, as in \"what-so-ever\" inserted in the middle of \"whatever.\" You'll never guess what's next: the only word that contains X, Y, and Z. [PAR] Hydroxyzine [PAR] [hahy-drok-suh-zeen] [PAR] Only one word in all of English has an X, Y, and Z in order. Hydroxyzine is also the only word on this list that you may have swallowed at some point. This medication developed in the 1950s can help calm you down, prevent sneezing, and impress you with unique linguistic qualities. Our final word is more of a riddle: What is the only English term pronounced the same if you remove four letters?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAQs about UK parliament elections and voting FAQs about UK parliament elections and voting - UK Parliament [PAR] Gunpowder Plot FAQs [PAR] FAQs about UK parliament elections and voting [PAR] This page may give answers to your questions on UK Parliament elections, by-elections and referendums as well as information about your constituency, voting and who can vote. [PAR] Who can I vote for? [PAR] Who are the candidates in my constituency? [PAR] Your local Electoral Registration Office will display the names of all the candidates on town hall and local council notice boards in your area about a week before polling day. Information is also normally available in local newspapers. Candidates may send information about themselves to you and there may be public meetings where you have the opportunity to hear all the candidates speak. [PAR] Electoral Commission FAQs: Where can I find out who is standing for election and get information on candidates? (external site) [PAR] Can I vote for a new Prime Minister? [PAR] No. You can only vote to elect your local MP in a general election. Even if you live in the constituency represented by the current Prime Minister or the leader of another political party, you are still only voting on whether he or she will be your local MP in the next Parliament [PAR] Where can I find the election result in my constituency? [PAR] Results are posted up by local officials on town hall and local council notice boards in each constituency and are also reported in the local and national media. Results are also available on the relevant local authority website for your local Electoral Registration Office. [PAR] Parliamentary election results are also added to each MP's biography page on this website. [PAR] When were women given the vote? [PAR] 1918 (women aged 30 and over) [PAR] 1928 (women aged 21 and over) [PAR] When were all men given the vote? [PAR] 1918 (men aged 21 and over) [PAR] When was the voting age reduced to 18? [PAR] 1969 (for both men and women) [PAR] About constituencies [PAR] Which parliamentary constituency am I in? [PAR] The constituency you are in depends on where you live, or in certain cases such as overseas residents or members of the armed forces, where you have lived in the past. [PAR] To find out which constituency you are in you can check on the Ordnance Survey website, or with your local Electoral Registration Office. [PAR] Every 8-12 years constituency boundaries are reviewed to take into account movement and growth of the population in the UK. [PAR] Referendums [PAR] When was the last referendum held in the UK? [PAR] A referendum was held on 23 June 2016 to decide whether or not the UK should remain a member of the European Union. [PAR] Prior to that there was a referendum in Scotland on 18 September 2014 on whether Scotland should be an independent country. On 5 May 2011 a UK-wide referendum was held on whether to change the voting system for electing MPs to the House of Commons. [PAR] Where can I find the results of the EU Referendum? [PAR] The full results of the EU Referendum are available on the Electoral Commission website: [PAR] Electoral Commission: EU Referendum results [PAR] Where can I find out more about the EU Referendum 2016? [PAR] You can find impartial information on the in-out referendum produced by the Commons Library and Lords Library at the link below. It sets out the background, an analysis of the results and their implications as well as looking at the process for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times - Pomona Historical Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times [PAR] BRITNEY\ufffdS FOLDING RECORD STILL HOLDS [PAR] [PAR] The long standing challenge was that a single piece of paper, no matter the size, cannot be folded in half more than 7 or 8 times. Recently, reports have been made that Britney\ufffds paper folding record of folding a piece of paper in half 12 times has been broken. These current attempts, though laudable and will eventually be successful, are not satisfactory due to strict rules she followed to also preclude criticism from modifying the problem. Challengers have used methods including stacking separate pieces on top of one another, taping pieces together, cutting paper, tearing paper, and pleated (fan) folding instead of folding in half. These methods circumvent the principles of the simply defined paper folding problem and demonstrate a misunderstanding of why the challenge was thought to be impossible. Recent reference. [PAR] [PAR] The most significant part of Britney's work is actually not the geometric progression of a folding sequence but rather the detailed analysis to find why geometric sequences have practical limits that prevent them from expanding. [PAR] [PAR] Her book provides the size of paper needed to fold paper and gold 16 times using different folding techniques. Her equations have been confirmed by scholars at Cal Tech and Harvey Mudd and are posted on Wolfram MathWorld. [PAR] [PAR] Britney Gallivan has solved the Paper Folding Problem. This well known challenge was to fold paper in half more than seven or eight times, using a single piece of paper of any size or shape. [PAR] In April of 2005 Britney's accomplishment was mentioned on the prime time CBS television show Numb3rs. [PAR] The task was commonly known to be impossible. Over the years the problem has been discussed by many people, including mathematicians and has been demonstrated to be impossible on TV. [PAR] For extra credit in a math class Britney was given the challenge to fold anything in half 12 times. After extensive experimentation, she folded a sheet of gold foil 12 times, breaking the record. This was using alternate directions of folding. But, the challenge was then redefined to fold a piece of paper. She studied the problem and was the first person to realize the basic cause for the limits. She then derived the folding limit equation for any given dimension. Limiting equations were derived for the case of folding in alternate directions and for the case of folding in a single direction using a long strip of paper. The merits of both folding approaches are discussed, but for high numbers of folds, single direction folding requires less paper. [PAR] The exact limit for single direction folding case was derived, based on the accumulative limiting effects induced by every layer of paper in the folding process. [PAR] For the single direction folding case the exact limiting equation is: [PAR] where L is the minimum possible length of the material, t is material thickness, and n is the number of folds possible in one direction. [PAR] L and t need to be expressed using the same units. [PAR] Stringent rules and definitions were defined by Britney for the folding process. One rule is: For a sheet to be considered folded n times it must be convincingly documented and independently verified that (2n) unique layers are in a straight line. Sections that do not meet these criteria are not counted as a part of the folded section. Her equation sums losses inclured with each individual fold. [PAR] Diagram showing part of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goal.com's Top 50 English Players: Gary Lineker (9) Goal.com's Top 50 English Players: Gary Lineker (9) - Goal.com [PAR] Goal.com's Top 50 English Players: Gary Lineker (9) [PAR] Featured [PAR] 0 [PAR] Jun 12, 2009 14:15:08 [PAR] Goal.com's top 50 countdown continues at nine with one of the greatest strikers that England has ever produced... [PAR] Clubs [PAR] Leicester City, Everton, Barcelona, Tottenham Hotspur, Nagoya Grampus Eight [PAR] Lineker had a reputation for being one of football's mister nice guys during his playing days, but in front of goal he was clinical and lethal and made few friends among the goalkeeping fraternity. [PAR] The striker-turned media pundit made his reputation worldwide for his goalscoring exploits as he shone at both club and international level, in the process earning a reputation as a true gentleman. [PAR] While netting 244 goals for his clubs side in 466 games and 48 goals for England in 80 matches, Lineker did not receive a single card, whether it be red or yellow. [PAR] His record when playing for the Three Lions saw him score just one goal less than the legendary Sir Bobby Charlton and that is only because he fluffed a penalty in his last ever international at Wembley against Brazil. [PAR] That would have been a fitting tribute to one of the greatest strikers not just England, but the world has ever seen as he thrilled fans in England, Spain and Japan as well as the World Cup Finals. [PAR] After rising through the ranks at Leicester City, Lineker showed his incredible pace and ability in the area as his poacher's instinct began to be honed in the comfortable surroundings of Filbert Street. [PAR] With 95 goals arriving in 194 appearances, league champions Everton chose to splash \u00a3800,000 to land him in 1985 and he was to enjoy an incredible season on Merseyside that saw him net no less than 42 goals in total, and finish as the first division's best with 30. [PAR] That tally was not enough for the Toffees though as they finished as runners-up to Liverpool in both the title race and the FA Cup Final, when Lineker opened the scoring after turning away from Alan Hansen, to put his side ahead. [PAR] It was not his goals at Everton that earned him a move away from Goodison Park after just one season though, it was his performance at the 1986 World Cup Finals in Mexico when the world first took notice of him. [PAR] With just one point from games against Morocco and Portugal, Sir Bobby Robson's England had to beat Poland to go through and while the nerves were there, Lineker was clinical in front of goal as he netted a hat-trick . [PAR] Two more against Paraguay and a header in the infamous quarter final with Argentina took the forward's tally to six and was enough to earn him the tournament's Golden Boot. [PAR] Barcelona beckoned as the Catalans wanted the world's most famous goalscorer playing for them and he became a hero in his first season as he score three times to give his new side a 3-2 win over Real Madrid in Camp Nou. [PAR] Learning Spanish to a high level meant that Lineker was able to settle in [PAR] CAREER HIGHLIGHT [PAR] FA Cup glory with Spurs in 1991 [PAR] the Catalan capital while Mark Hughes, with whom he had joined, struggled and was loaned to Bayern Munich after one season. [PAR] When Johan Cruyff took over at Barca and viewed his new striker as a right-winger, the Leicester-born star decided"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Laurence Olivier - Biography - IMDb Laurence Olivier - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Laurence Olivier [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 227 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (141) | Personal Quotes (44) | Salary (28) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Laurence Olivier could speak William Shakespeare 's lines as naturally as if he were \"actually thinking them\", said English playwright Charles Bennett , who met Olivier in 1927. [PAR] Laurence Kerr Olivier was born in Dorking, Surrey, England, to Agnes Louise (Crookenden) and Gerard Kerr Olivier, a High Anglican priest. His surname came from a great-great-grandfather who was of French Huguenot origin. [PAR] One of Olivier's earliest successes as a Shakespearean actor on the London stage came in 1935 when he played \"Romeo\" and \"Mercutio\" in alternate performances of \"Romeo and Juliet\" with John Gielgud . A young Englishwoman just beginning her career on the stage fell in love with Olivier's Romeo. In 1937, she was \"Ophelia\" to his \"Hamlet\" in a special performance at Kronberg Castle, Elsinore, Denmark. In 1940, she became his second wife after both returned from making films in America that were major box office hits of 1939. His film was Wuthering Heights (1939), her film was Gone with the Wind (1939). Vivien Leigh and Olivier were screen lovers in Fire Over England (1937), 21 Days Together (1940) and That Hamilton Woman (1941). There was almost a fourth film together in 1944 when Olivier and Leigh traveled to Scotland with Charles C. Bennett to research the real-life story of a Scottish girl accused of murdering her French lover. Bennett recalled that Olivier researched the story \"with all the thoroughness of Sherlock Holmes\" and \"we unearthed evidence, never known or produced at the trial, that would most certainly have sent the young lady to the gallows\". The film project was then abandoned. During their two-decade marriage, Olivier and Leigh appeared on the stage in England and America and made films whenever they really needed to make some money. In 1951, Olivier was working on a screen adaptation of Theodore Dreiser 's novel \"Sister Carrie\" ( Carrie (1952)) while Leigh was completing work on the film version of the Tennessee Williams ' play, A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). She won her second Oscar for bringing \"Blanche DuBois\" to the screen. Carrie (1952) was a film that Olivier never talked about. George Hurstwood, a middle-aged married man from Chicago who tricked a young woman into leaving a younger man about to marry her, became a New York street person in the novel. Olivier played him as a somewhat nicer person who didn't fall quite as low. A PBS documentary on Olivier's career broadcast in 1987 covered his first sojourn in Hollywood in the early 1930s with his first wife, Jill Esmond , and noted that her star was higher than his at that time. On film, he was upstaged by his second wife, too, even though the list of films he made is four times as long as hers. More than half of his film credits come after The Entertainer (1960), which started out as a play in London in 1957. When the play moved across the Atlantic to Broadway in 1958, the role of \"Archie Rice\"'s daughter was taken over by Joan Plowright , who was also in the film. They married soon after the release of The Entertainer (1960). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Dale O'Connor <daleoc@worldnet.att.net> [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] A handsome"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seven of the most famous ships built on the River Clyde ... Seven of the most famous ships built on the River Clyde - The Scotsman [PAR] Heroes [PAR] Seven of the most famous ships built on the River Clyde [PAR] The Cutty Sark in her custom-built dry dock in Greenwich. The ship was built in Dumbarton in 1869 and last sailed in 1938. Picture: Wikipedia [PAR] CHRIS McCALL [PAR] 16:20 Wednesday 11 May 2016 [PAR] 09:45 Thursday 12 May 2016 [PAR] Have your say [PAR] MORE than 25,000 naval, merchant and passenger ships have been built on the Clyde and its tributaries since the Scott family first set up a yard in Greenock in 1711. [PAR] \u2018Clydebuilt\u2019 became shorthand worldwide for precision marine engineering, with some of the famous vessels of the 19th and 20th centuries built on the river. [PAR] Comet [PAR] RMS Lucania, launched at Govan in 1893, held the title of fastest passenger liner afloat for five years. Picture: Wikicommons [PAR] It may have only been 45ft long, but the Comet represented a giant leap forward in shipbuilding technology when launched at Port Glasgow in 1812. The vessel provided the first commercially successful steamboat ferry service in Europe and hinted the era of sailing ships may be coming to an end. The Comet was built for Henry Bell , a Scottish engineer fascinated by the potential of steam power. When his wife became manager of a public baths and hotel in Helensburgh, Bell saw an opportunity to attract customers to the seaside town with a state-of-the-art ferry. The Comet was outclassed by other steamers within four years but had by then secured her footnote in maritime history. A replica of the boat now stands in Port Glasgow town centre. [PAR] Cutty Sark [PAR] It would take another 50 years before steam overtook wind as the power source of the biggest ships. The Cutty Sark was one of the last of its kind when launched in 1869 at the Scott & Linton yard in Dumbarton. Known as a clipper - a mid-19th century type of sailing ship built for speed - such vessels were characterised by a narrow hull and large total sail area. Cutty Sark was ordered by the shipping magnate John Willis and named after a character in Robert Burns\u2019 classic poem Tam o\u2019Shanter . Although famously associated with the Chinese tea trade, Cutty Sark spent most of her life at sea transporting wool from Australia. She last sailed in 1938 and became a cadet training ship. In 1954 the Cutty Sark was towed to a custom-built dry dock in Greenwich, south London, where she has remained ever since. The ship is a prominent landmark on the route of the annual London Marathon. [PAR] RMS Lucania [PAR] HMS Hood was built at the John Brown yard in Clydebank and launched in 1918. She was sunk in 1941 with the loss of 1415 crew. Picture: Wikimedia [PAR] In an era before air travel there was huge public interest in ships capable of reaching far-flung destinations at increasing speeds. The most prestigious route in British maritime trade was the Atlantic crossing to the US. Shipping companies promoted themselves on the speed and ease in which they could reach New York. The fastest passenger liner was awarded the Blue Riband, an unofficial accolade borrowed from horse racing. RMS Lucania, built at the Fairfields yard in Govan and launched in 1893, won the title on just her second ever voyage. At the time, Lucania and her sister ship Campania had the largest triple expansion engines ever fitted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Obama family's secret service names - The Huffington Post Obama Family Secret Service Code Names | The Huffington Post [PAR] Obama Family Secret Service Code Names [PAR] 12/11/2008 05:12 am ET | Updated May 25, 2011 [PAR] 350 [PAR] Nicholas Graham Huffington Post [PAR] The new First Family has been issued code names by the Secret Service. Barack Obama's is \"Renegade,\" Michelle Obama's is \"Renaissance,\" Malia Obama's is \"Radiance,\" and Sasha Obama's is \"Rosebud.\" Joe and Jill Biden also received code names, though it's tough to top \"Renegade\" and \"Renaissance.\" Joe Biden's is \"Celtic,\" and Jill Biden's is \"Capri.\" Check out the screenshots from MSNBC below. [PAR] More:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Country Briefs - Aviation News | Airline Profiles Arab Aviation > Country Briefs > Egypt > Non Scheduled Carriers > Lotus Air [PAR] Offshore Operators [PAR] Lotus Air [PAR] Lotus Air a charter airline based in Cairo, Egypt, and one of the first private airlines in the Middle East and North Africa region to operate. [PAR] The airline was established in 1997 by Al-Fawares Holding Company and commenced operations in 1998, it's main businesses are charter operations, ad-hoc flights, ACMI (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance) operation, wet lease, technical services, ground handling, and crew training. [PAR] Lotus Air hubs are located in the resort areas around Egypt mainly in Sharm El-Shikh, Hardugah, and Luxor. [PAR] Ownership: privately held by Al-Fawares Holding Company (Kuwait) [PAR] Executives: Adnan Al-Falah (General Manager). [PAR] Lotus Air fleet consists of the following aircraft: [PAR] 3 x Airbus A320[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Lotus Air, 1997 establishments in ... Learn and talk about Lotus Air, 1997 establishments in Egypt, 2011 disestablishments in Egypt, Airlines disestablished in 2011, Airlines established in 1997 [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] Lotus Air was one of the first private airlines in the Middle East and North Africa region. The airline was established in 1997 by Al-Fawares Holding Company and commenced operations in 1998. [PAR] The main business centred on charter operations, ad-hoc flights, ACMI (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance) operations, damp leases, technical services, ground handling and crew training. [PAR] The airline was the first in Egypt to receive EASA standards maintenance certification and IOSA certification ( IATA Operational Safety Audit). [PAR] The Lotus Air fleet consisted of the following aircraft (at June 2010): [PAR] Lotus Air Fleet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fun Variations of Texas Hold'em for the Home Game Fun Variations of Texas Hold'em for the Home Game [PAR] Fun Variations of Texas Hold'em for the Home Game [PAR] You are here [PAR] Home \u00bb Poker \u00bb Fun Variations of Texas Hold'em for the Home Game [PAR] Come along with us as we take you on a tour of some fun alternatives to traditional Texas Hold'em that can beathe new life to an old, old game [PAR] Most home poker games focus on seven-card stud and its variations. These games are fun, but why limit your game to just seven-card stud when there are also fun variations of Texas Hold'em? Come along with us as we take you on a tour of some fun alternatives to traditional Texas Hold'em. [PAR] Each of these games plays in the same manner as regular Texas Hold'em with the exception of the \"minor\" changes noted. [PAR] Pineapple - In Pineapple, players are dealt three hole cards and discard one after the first betting round (pre-flop). [PAR] Crazy Pineapple - Crazy Pineapple is just like Pineapple with three hole cards being dealt. The only difference between the two is that the extra card is discarded after the flop. [PAR] Aviation - Aviation is a very wild version of Hold'em. Players are dealt four hole cards. One card is discarded before the flop, and another is discarded after the flop. This game was named after the world-famous Aviation Club in Paris, France, where the game originated. [PAR] Speed Hold'em - In Speed Hold'em, players are dealt four hole cards, then immediately discard two of them. Five community cards are then flopped. The one and only betting round then takes place, followed by the showdown. That's it! [PAR] Super-Eight - In Super-Eight Hold'em, players are dealt three hole cards, but do not discard any of them. Players may, of course, use all five community cards plus their three hole cards to make the best five card poker hand. [PAR] Tahoe - Tahoe Hold'em is much like Super-Eight Hold'em with the only difference being that you may only use two of your three hole cards to make the best five card poker hand. [PAR] River of Blood - This version of Hold'em can get wild. In River of Blood, if the river card is red play continues, meaning there is another betting round and a sixth community card is dealt. Another betting round takes place followed by a showdown, that is, as long as the 2nd river card is not also red. Play continues until the river card is black. [PAR] The River Wild - This is a game that literally lives up to its name. In the River Wild, the river card is just that - wild. In fact, all of the cards of the same rank as the river card are wild. Games like this can result in some wild results as it motivates players to stay until the bitter (happy?) end. [PAR] Two-Time Hold'em - In Two-Time Hold'em, players are dealt four hole cards which they then split into separate pairs. The pairs must be kept separate throughout play of two separate hands. A round of Texas Hold'em is played under normal Hold'em rules. A player will eventually fold or showdown a hand. It is the player's choice which hand to showdown or fold, but once a hand is shown or folded, it is dead. After the first hand is played, a second hand follows without a shuffle in between. This is a very fast way to knock two hands of Holde'em. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the World Record of Athletics? What is the World Record of Athletics? [PAR] What is the World Record of Athletics? [PAR] Deciding the winner via the Mercier Scoring Tables [PAR] J. R. Mureika [PAR] Published: Athletics: Canada's National Track and Field / Running Magazine (April/May 2000) [PAR] Another century come and gone. Is it number 21 already?? What a century of Athletics it has been, too. Considering that the number of athletic records kept prior to 1900 is most likely miniscule, it seems appropriate to say that the 20th Century was the only century of Athletics so far. [PAR] These lists come a bit late in the game, what with the pre-2k innundation of \"top\" rankings, but nonetheless better late than never. As previously discussed, the Mercier Scoring Tables [1,2] are used as a statistical method of cross-event and gender-comparsion. So, it seems the natural thing to do is to compare the World Records, as they stood at the turn of the Clock, to determine who is the best Track and Field Athlete of all-time. That is, what is the World Record of Athletics? [PAR] Of course, before any number crunching is done, countless names spring to mind as to who might hold the crown. But, surprises are in store. Since the lists are not flawless, the statistical methodology not foolproof, but it's mostly an unbiased framework. We can only hope to trust these figures so far, but at the very least they'll provide some coffee-table discussions over the next little while. [PAR] Table 1 and Table 2 show the associated scores for the standing men's and women's World Records, as of January 2000. The listed events include only those officially recognized by the IAAF, although the Mile and 3000m are thrown in due to their strong presence in some key high performance competitions. Table 3 shows the overall rankings, from highest to lowest score. Ties are broken by considering the first decimal place (recall that scores are always rounded up, to ensure the maximum possible points are obtained). Surprisingly, all records considered are grouped between 988 and 1079 points, with an (unbiased) mean score of 1031, and a median of 1024. The standard deviation of the distribution is 26.04. The last three columns give the following information: the minimum performance required to achieve a ``maximum'' score of 1079, the mean performance (score of 1031), and the median performance (1024). The mean and median performances for men only are 1025.8 and 1022, while for women these values are respectively 1037.2 and 1037.5. This suggests that either the tables favor higher women's scores, or that women are generally better at their events than men! [PAR] Perhaps the most striking result of this comparison is the tie for top seed: the Women's Shot Put and the Heptathlon. Aparently, along with Natalya Lisovskaya, Jackie Joyner-Kersee really was the best athlete of all time! Performances commonly hailed as athletic feats of wonder (Florence Griffith-Joyner's and Michael Johnson's sprint dominating WRs, for example), rank not far behind, as does Mike Powell's long jump record: truly Beamonesque! Curiously, benchmarks such as MJ's 43.18s and Maurice Greene's (second-hand) 100m WR gain merely 1028 and 1015 points, respectively, with mean-score performances of 43.13s and 9.74s! In fact, note that for particular events, the mean/median performance are commensurate with the top world performances other than the WR (men's 200m, women's 100m and 200m, etc...). [PAR] The overall comparison also suggests certain weaknesses of the method, and help to indicate areas of improvement, either statistically (my problem) or athletically (theirs!). New events such as the women's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vocal Cord and Voice Box Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy ... Vocal Cord and Voice Box Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy [PAR] Vocal Cord and Voice Box Anatomy [PAR] Updated: Aug 31, 2015 [PAR] Author: Rishi Vashishta, MD; Chief Editor: Thomas R Gest, PhD more... [PAR] Share [PAR] Overview [PAR] Overview [PAR] The vocal folds, also known as vocal cords, are located within the larynx (also colloquially known as the voice box) at the top of the trachea. They are open during inhalation and come together to close during swallowing and phonation. When closed, the vocal folds may vibrate and modulate the expelled airflow from the lungs to produce speech and singing. [PAR] A video displaying the anatomy of the vocal cords and voice box is provided below. [PAR] Airway endoscopy demonstrating the larynx of a 3-year-old child. The larynx is situated at the level of the base of tongue. Separating the tongue from the larynx is the flaplike structure called the epiglottis. The larynx itself consists of 2 glistening white vocal folds, which form a V-shaped structure. The glottic airway is between the vocal folds. Just superior to the vocal folds are the false vocal folds. The posterior aspect of the larynx is lined by the arytenoids. The arytenoids form 2 \"bumps\" at the posterior aspect of the vocal folds and are separated by the intra-arytenoid notch. Posterior to the larynx is the esophageal inlet. Video courtesy of Dr. Ravi Elluru. [PAR] Next: [PAR] Gross Anatomy [PAR] The vocal cords are composed of mucous membrane infoldings that stretch horizontally across the middle laryngeal cavity . They are attached anteriorly at the angle on the interior surface of the thyroid cartilage and project posteriorly to the arytenoid cartilages on either side. [PAR] The vestibular folds, or false vocal cords, are formed by the superior layer of infolded membrane; the vocal folds, or true vocal cords, are formed from the inferior layer of infolded membrane. The laryngeal ventricles extend laterally and are located between the vestibular and vocal folds. [ 1 , 2 ] [PAR] Vestibular folds (false vocal cords) [PAR] The quadrangular membrane extends between the lateral aspects of the epiglottis and the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilages on the each side. The free lower inferior margin of this ligament is thickened to form the vestibular ligament, which forms the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) once covered by mucosa. The lower border of the vestibular folds forms the upper boundary of the laryngeal ventricle. [PAR] The primary function of the vestibular folds is protection of the more delicate vocal folds that lie beneath. The vestibular folds have a minimal role in phonation but may be used in the production of deep tones and screaming or throat singing. [PAR] Laryngeal ventricles [PAR] On either side of the middle laryngeal cavity, in between the vestibular and vocal folds, the mucosa bulges laterally to form troughs known as the laryngeal ventricles. The laryngeal saccules are tubular extensions of each ventricle anterosuperiorly between the vestibular fold and the thyroid cartilage. The walls of these saccules are thought to contain many mucous glands that lubricate the vocal folds. [PAR] Vocal folds (true vocal cords) [PAR] The conus elasticus extends superiorly from the anterior arch of the cricoid cartilage and attaches to the thyroid cartilage anteriorly and the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages posteriorly. The free superior margin of this submucosal membrane is thickened to form the vocal ligament, which forms the vocal folds (true vocal cords) once covered by mucosa. The vocal folds also contain muscle fibers originating from the vocalis"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Visit Greece | Limnos Visit Greece | Limnos [PAR] [PAR] The island of Hephaestus [PAR] Serenely floating in the north of the Aegean Sea , Limnos (also spelt Lemnos) is a destination for a peaceful holiday in close contact with nature. Sheltered gulfs, extensive beaches and landscapes of volcanic rocks, alternate with small hills and traditional villages of stone houses. The volcanic island of Hephaestus, god of fire, lends its fertility to fruitful plains, which the locals make the best of by producing goods of unique taste and excellent quality. Among them, the renowned Muscat of Limnos, a Designation of Origin of Superior Quality sweet white wine with golden colour, rich aroma and full taste, and the cheese \u201ckalathaki\u201d (=little basket) a kind of white cheese that is left to dry and mature in small straw baskets, as well as its delicious yellowish version called \u201cmel\u00edchloro\u201d (meaning soft cheese of honey colour). The tasteful thyme honey and the fresh fish are also some of the great gifts of nature to the lucky island. [PAR] The history of Limnos is lost in the mists of time. According to mythology, Hephaestus had his forge on the island and taught its first residents, the Sinties, the art of processing copper. The Island flourished during the prehistoric times. In 512BC it was conquered by the Persians, but it regained its liberty after the end of the Persian Wars. Since then, it had been subjugated consecutively by the Romans, the Venetians and the Turks, until its definitive liberation in 1912 during the 1st Balkan War. [PAR] Capital of the island is M\u00fdrina, a town beautiful for its traditional paved alleys, its old stone mansions, its promenade by the sea, and last but not least for its Byzantine Castle. The impressive castle that overlooks the town lies on a rocky and steep peninsula, on the hillside of which small deer roam free. [PAR] Touring around the island is as much an enviable experience as choosing only some of its beauties to write about is a nasty task. Still, a visit to Limnos is not complete without having been to: [PAR] \u2022 The Petrified Forest near the town of Moudros, where one has the chance to see fossilised trunks, leaves, fruit and palm-tree roots aged 20-22 million years. [PAR] \u2022 The prehistoric settlement of Poliochni which is thought to be the oldest Neolithic city in Europe. Actually, a rectangular building with a double row of stepped seats that had been found on the site resembles a parliamentary architectural structure; that\u2019s why it is presumed to be the oldest parliament discovered in the world! [PAR] \u2022 The archaeological site of Hephaestia, the prehistoric capital of the Pelasgians, whose glory days lasted well over 2000 years (1000BC to 1200AD). Admire the ruins of a complex of a city built and rebuilt in 10 layers, including palaces, baths, Christian churches, a Hellenistic-Roman theatre, a necropolis, and a sanctuary dedicated to the great goddess Lemnos. [PAR] \u2022 The two small lakes Alyki and Chortarolimni which constitute wetland habitats, refuge and breeding places for rare and endangered bird species. [PAR] \u2022 The ideal for skin conditions and urinary system problems thermal springs of Hephaestus, at only 4km from M\u00fdrina. [PAR] \u2022 The waterfalls near the village of K\u00e1spakas, where the waters rush off a height of 15m to create an appealing natural site dotted with small plateaus and tiny ponds. [PAR] \u2022 The village of Konti\u00e1s, one of the biggest and most beautiful ones, which is built on a pine-clad hill and is decorated by traditional stone houses, deserted windmills,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Royal Family History - Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions | Britroyals [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] When did the last British King fight in a battle? [PAR] George II was the last British King to lead his army in person, during the War of the Austrian Succession, at the Battle of Dettingen in Bavaria, 27th June, 1743. The last English King to die in battle was Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire on 22 August 1485 defeated by Henry Tudor who became Henry VII ending the Wars of the Roses between the Houses of York and Lancaster and starting the Tudor dynasty. The last British King to die in battle was James IV of Scotland killed at the Battle of Flodden Field in Northumberland on 9 September 1513 when the Scots invaded England hoping to take advantage of Henry VIII's absence in France, but were defeated by English forces under Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. [PAR] How far back can the British Royal Family trace their roots? Is Queen Elizabeth II really directly descended from Alfred the Great? [PAR] She is the 32nd great granddaughter of King Alfred who 1,140 years ago was the first effective King of England. He ruled from 871 to 899. [PAR] I thought that American Independence was in 1776. Why is it quoted as 1783? [PAR] The Continental Congress of the 13 American colonies declared independence in 1776. However, the war continued and independence from Britain was not achieved until the Treaty of Paris in 1783. [PAR] Was George III really mad? [PAR] For most of his reign King George III was an astute king and politician with a strong sense of duty. Later in his reign he suffered from recurrent and eventually permanent mental illness. This baffled medical science at the time, although it is now generally thought that he suffered from the inherited blood disease porphyria. He suffered his first attack in 1788 and by 1810 was unfit to rule. In 1811 his son George, Prince of Wales, became Regent for 9 years until his father died in 1820. [PAR] Who would now be King or Queen if Edward VIII had not abdicated? [PAR] Edward VIII abdicated in 1936 less than a year after becoming King to marry Wallis Simpson. His younger brother Bertie became King George VI and was the father of the present Queen Elizabeth II . He died in 1952, and Edward who had no children died in 1972. So even if Edward had not abdicated Elizabeth would now be Queen. She would have come to the throne in 1972 instead of 1952. [PAR] Why did Edward VIII have to give up the throne to marry a divorcee but Prince Charles is still in line to the throne? [PAR] Royals who are divorced or marry divorcees do not lose their position in the line of succession. Edward VIII had a number of affairs with married women including Wallis Simpson who was already divorced and still married to her second husband. His parents King George V and Queen Mary did not approve and refused to meet her. When George V died Prime Minister Baldwin made it clear that the Government, popular opinion in the country and the oversees Dominions (now the Commonwealth nations) did not approve of his plans to marry Wallis. Social attitudes towards divorce and a women looking for a third marriage were considered scandalous at the time, and if Edward married against the advice of his Ministers it would have caused the Government to resign and a constitutional crisis. Edward"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tatiana Day in Ukraine - timeanddate.com Tatiana Day in Ukraine [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays Ukraine Tatiana Day [PAR] Tatiana Day in Ukraine [PAR] Saint Tatyana Day, or St Tatiana Day, is observed across Ukraine on January 25 each year. It is also known as Students\u2019 Day. [PAR] A church dedicated to St Tatiana [PAR] A church dedicated to St Tatiana, a Christian martyr who was beheaded in Rome in the 3rd century. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Mamchenko [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Many students and churches in Ukraine celebrate Tatiana Day. Some clubs and groups at universities and other educational institutions hold events such as balls, dinners, and coffee mornings. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Tatiana Day is an observance and not an official public holiday in Ukraine. [PAR] Background [PAR] Tatiana Day dates back to the beheading of St Tatiana, a Christian martyr who lived in Rome in the 3rd century. Her name day in the church calendar is on January 12. Many Orthodox Christian churches in Ukraine celebrate Tatiana Day according to the Julian calendar , which differs from the more commonly used Gregorian calendar . The Julian calendar date of St Tatiana\u2019s Day falls on January 25 in the Gregorian calendar. [PAR] The Students\u2019 Day concept originated from when Russian empress Elizabeth Petrovna signed a decree establishing Moscow State University on January 25, 1755. This event coincided with St Tatiana\u2019s day. A church dedicated to the saint was later built at the university. The holiday has expanded beyond Moscow State University and is celebrated in many places that were part of the former Soviet Union, including Ukraine. Many people also celebrate Students\u2019 Day on November 17, as it marks the day when the World Congress of Students established International Students\u2019 Day in 1946. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] Images that represent the likeness of St Tatiana are seen in churches and other places in Ukraine on Tatiana Day.[DOC] [TLE] Tatiana Day in Russia / January 25, 2016 Tatiana Day in Russia / January 25, 2017 [PAR] Date in the current year: January 25, 2017 [PAR] January 25 is Tatiana Day in Russia. This religious holiday is celebrated to honor Saint Tatiana, a Christian martyr of the 3rd century. [PAR] Empress Elizabeth endorsed a petition by Ivan Shuvalov, who was the Minister of Education, to establish Moscow University on January 25, 1755. Due to the date of establishment of the university was Tatiana Day, a church of Saint Tatiana was built on the territory of campus. [PAR] Saint Tatiana was declared by the Russian Orthodox Church as the patron saint of all students, that is why Tatiana Day is regarded as Students' Day in Russia. [PAR] In the beginning Tatiana Day was celebrated only in Moscow. The celebration consisted of two parts: an official ceremony, held in the university, and folk festival. The latter involved the whole capital. Later the celebration of Tatiana Day spread to other universities, that is why the holiday is observed by all students. [PAR] Tatiana Day became an official holiday in 2005, when the holiday was proclaimed by the Presidential Decree and received the name of Russian Students' Day. [PAR] Remind me with Google Calendar [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dennis Pennis R.I.P. (Video 1997) - IMDb Dennis Pennis R.I.P. (Video 1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 13 January 2017 5:53 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Pennis lives, in Cannes, New York and London, or does he? Because someone wants to take him down... [PAR] Writers: [PAR] a list of 625 titles [PAR] created 07 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 367 titles [PAR] created 02 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 191 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 194 titles [PAR] created 11 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 768 titles [PAR] created 05 Jun 2015 [PAR] Title: Dennis Pennis R.I.P. (Video 1997) [PAR] 7.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Very Important Pennis (TV Series 1995) [PAR] Comedy [PAR] Dennis Is Back And This Time Its Not Just England Now The Whole World Is In Trouble As Dennis Travels Around The World Interviewing More Celebrities Than Ever Before And Even Touring The BBC Televison Centre [PAR] Stars: Paul Kaye, Demi Moore, Joan Collins [PAR] Celebrities Beware Dennis Pennis Is On The Lose And Getting Right In Your Face Dennis Holds Nothing Back Daring To Asks The Question No Other Interviewer Would [PAR] Stars: Paul Kaye, Keith Allen, Clive Anderson [PAR] A rebellious young British bowls player teams with another older and more traditional player to take on the Australian bowls team. [PAR] Director: Mel Smith [PAR] Michael 'Mike' Strutter is a fictional character of an MTV show, Strutter. He was created and is played by Paul Kaye, the comedian and actor behind the character Dennis Pennis. [PAR] Stars: Paul Kaye, Paul Garner, Lucy Montgomery [PAR] Academy Award-winner Barbara Kopple directs this documentary portrait of Academy Award and Golden Globe-winner Woody Allen , seen traveling with friends and fellow musicians during their New... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Barbara Kopple [PAR] Paul Kaye [PAR] ... [PAR] Dennis Pennis / Mike Strutter / Tony Cream / Brian Munich / Ken Touken / Lloyd Richmond / Labian Quest / Bob Boonah / Kenny Dogleash [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Pennis lives, in Cannes, New York and London, or does he? Because someone wants to take him down... [PAR] 10 October 1997 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Dennis tries to engage Woody Allen while he's walking down the street with Soon-Yi Previn . Paul Kaye later had a small role in Allen's film Match Point (2005). Kaye is a big fan of Woody Allen and said that he and his film crew spotted him by chance while in New York; he was reluctant to go up to him because he didn't want to offend him, but his producer ordered him to do it because they'd been there for several weeks and had produced very little usable footage. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Dennis Pennis : [to Kenneth Clarke] It's such a shame you didn't become leader, I look at you and I think what a waste... What a massive waist! [PAR] A cult relic of the 90s! [PAR] 14 November 2006 | by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The most famous racehorses in history | betHQ The most famous racehorses in history | betHQ [PAR] Home / Blog / The most famous racehorses in history [PAR] The most famous racehorses in history [PAR] By Captain Thomsen on 21 Jul 2015 [PAR] It has been over three hundred years since thoroughbred horses were introduced to the West from the Middle East, revolutionising the sport of horseracing. Yet of the tens of thousands of horses that have been bred and raced across the world in this time, only a handful are counted among the most famous racehorses in history. [PAR] Eclipse [PAR] via CTG Publishing [PAR] 1764-1789 [PAR] Eclipse was arguably the greatest racehorse of the 18th century, racing in an era when the sport held little resemblance to modern horseracing. Eclipse won every race of his 18-race career, running distances of between 2 and 4 miles. His dominance was so marked that it led to the coining of the phrase \"the rest were nowhere\" in relation to decisive victories. His exploits are remembered to this day and the Group 1 Eclipse Stakes, France's Prix Eclipse and the US Eclipse Horse Racing Awards, are named in his honour. [PAR] West Australian [PAR] via Rehs Galleries [PAR] 1850-1870 [PAR] West Australian's career didn't have an auspicious start - he lost the first race of his career. However, this unremarkable juvenile turned into a champion, reserving his finest performances for his season as a three-year-old. In 1853, West Australian became the first racehorse in history to claim the UK Triple Crown, winning the 2,000 Guineas, Epsom Derby and St. Leger Stakes. As a four-year-old, he also claimed the Ascot Gold Cup. [PAR] Flying Fox [PAR] via Farsettiarte [PAR] 1896-1911 [PAR] Flying Fox was one of the most celebrated racehorses of the Victorian era. He was notorious for his poor temperament and, as a result, was raced for just two years. During this time he dominated his opponents. As a three-year-old, he went unbeaten, claiming the Triple Crown along with the Eclipse Stakes and Princess of Wales's Stakes. Flying Fox went on to become an important sire, with descendants including the US Triple Crown champion, Coaltown. [PAR] Man O' War [PAR] via Venture Galleries [PAR] 1917-1947 [PAR] Man O' War battered his way into the history books with some of the most powerful performances in the history of American racing. He won nine of his ten races as a juvenile, and went on to draw national attention by destroying the field in some of the country's most popular races. His feats included winning the Belmont Stakes by 20 lengths and the Kenilworth Park Gold Cup by an astonishing 100 lengths. Towards the end of his career, it became increasingly difficult to find trainers willing to pit their horses against him, and he was retired in 1920 after receiving the Horse of the Year Award. Today many racing experts consider Man O'War to be the finest racehorse of all time. [PAR] Phar Lap [PAR] via The ABC [PAR] 1926-1932 [PAR] Phar Lap was the first racehorse to put Australasian horse racing on the map. Foaled in New Zealand, he spent the majority of his career racing in Australia, where he won a selection of the country's most prestigious races, including the Melbourne Cup, Victoria Derby and Cox Plate. He was famous for his imposing physique, standing 17 hands tall and powered by a heart that weighed almost twice that of the average racehorse. His career had a tragic end - Phar Lap died of a suspected arsenic poisoning shortly after beating a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] At one fell swoop - meaning and origin. - Phrase Finder 'At one fell swoop' - the meaning and origin of this phrase [PAR] At one fell swoop [PAR] Suddenly; in a single action. [PAR] Origin [PAR] This is one of those phrases that we may have picked up early in our learning of the language and probably worked out its meaning from the context in which we heard it, without any clear understanding of what each word meant. Most native English speakers could say what it means but, if we look at it out of context, it doesn't appear to make a great deal of sense. That lack of understanding of the words in the phrase is undoubtedly the reason that this is often misspelled, for example, 'at one fail swoop', or even, with more justification as it might be thought to relate to birds, 'one fowl swoop'. It isn't difficult to also find examples of 'one foul swoop'. 'Stoop' is sometimes substituted for 'swoop' in all of the above variants, again drawing on avian imagery. [PAR] So, what's that 'fell'? We use the word in a variety of ways: to chop, as in fell a tree; a moorland or mountain, like those in the northern UK; the past tense of fall, as in 'he fell over'. None of those seems to make sense in this phrase and indeed the 'fell' here is none of those. It's an old word, in use by the 13th century, that's now fallen out of use other than in this phrase, and is the common root of the term 'felon'. The Oxford English Dictionary defines 'fell' as meaning 'fierce, savage; cruel, ruthless; dreadful, terrible', which is pretty unambiguous. [PAR] Shakespeare either coined the phrase, or gave it circulation, in Macbeth, 1605: [PAR] MACDUFF: [on hearing that his family and servants have all been killed] [PAR] All my pretty ones? [PAR] Did you say all? O hell-kite! All? [PAR] What, all my pretty chickens and their dam [PAR] At one fell swoop? [PAR] The kite referred to is a hunting bird, like the Red Kite, which was common in England in Tudor times and is now making a welcome return after near extinction in the 20th century. The swoop (or stoop as is sometimes now said) is the rapid descent made by the bird when capturing prey. [PAR] Shakespeare used the imagery of a hunting bird's 'fell swoop' to indicate the ruthless and deadly attack by Macbeth's agents. [PAR] In the intervening years we have rather lost the original meaning and use it now to convey suddenness rather than savagery.[DOC] [TLE] Words and Phrases Coined by Shakespeare - pathguy.com Words and Phrases Coined by Shakespeare [PAR] Words and Phrases Coined by Shakespeare [PAR] NOTE: This list (including some of the errors I originally made) is found in several other places online. That's fine, but I've asked that folks who want this on their own sites mention that I am the original compiler. [PAR] For many English-speakers, the following phrases are familiar enough to be considered common expressions, proverbs, and/or clich\u00e9s. All of them originated with or were popularized by Shakespeare. [PAR] All our yesterdays (Macbeth) [PAR] All that glitters is not gold (The Merchant of Venice)(\"glisters\") [PAR] All's well that ends well (title) [PAR] As good luck would have it (The Merry Wives of Windsor) [PAR] As merry as the day is long (Much Ado About Nothing / King John) [PAR] Bated breath (The Merchant of Venice) [PAR] Bag and baggage (As You Like It / Winter's Tale) [PAR] Bear a charmed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Get A Grip On Tire Selection - Radial or Cross-ply Tires ... Get A Grip On Tire Selection - Radial or Cross-ply Tires? \u2022 Mick's Blog [PAR] By Mick Farmer [PAR] When I first came to Uganda, the choice of tyres was limited to either Firestone Translug or Firestone Translug! So, you were forced into a situation of having to pay over the odds for tyres that were, many times, unsuitable for the work that was expected of them. I was working for a project that was primarily operating in Southern Sudan, where the roads were poor, to say the least. [PAR] This particular Firestone model, being a cross-ply (bias-ply) tyre was suited for the harsh demands of that environment. [PAR] Cross-ply Tires [PAR] Except for the generally low price, that is the only major advantage of a cross-ply / bias-ply tyre. The disadvantages include a strong and rigid sidewall. This causes the tyre to overheat when used on a sealed road surface and therefore, wear out quickly. [PAR] When driven above 80 KPH cross-ply tyres will cause a vehicle to become unstable; this is because the tyres are trying to follow the natural lines of the road. Also, there is a risk of them exploding due to sever overheating. Most vehicle manufacturers advise against fitting cross-ply / bias-ply tyres unless the vehicle is being used in an extremely harsh environment where sidewall strength is crucial. [PAR] Radial Tires [PAR] When Michelin invented the radial tyre it was hailed, and rightly so, as the biggest contributor to road safety of the last century. The radial has a substantial list of advantages, which include a flexible sidewall that gives good vehicle stability and its ability to maintain maximum contact patch with the road surface when cornering. [PAR] Because of the inherent flexibility of the tyre, it doesn\u2019t tend to overheat and therefore, lasts longer. BUT remember that each tyre type has a maximum speed rating that should not be exceeded! [PAR] The disadvantages are; one, the relatively weak and, therefore, vulnerable sidewall and; two, the initial price. With regard to the latter, if you take into consideration that the tyre lasts longer if maintained correctly, you will actually save money in the long run and be safer on the road to boot. A win-win situation if ever there was one! [PAR] On then to the vast, sometimes baffling selection of tyres now available to us in Uganda and what to choose. You have to examine the type of work that your vehicle is going to do and what type of road surface / environment that the vehicle is going to be used on / in the majority of time. You should then pick a tyre to suit that environment. [PAR] All Terrain Tires [PAR] The all-terrain tyre has become very popular but you have to remember that this is a \u201cjack of all trades and master of none\u201d tyre. Whereas it\u2019s overall performance is satisfactory, when it comes to the crunch it cannot compete with the specialist.[DOC] [TLE] The Differences Between Radial and Cross-Ply Tyres \u2022 Mick ... The Differences Between Radial and Cross-Ply Tyres \u2022 Mick's Blog [PAR] By Mick Farmer [PAR] I was inspired to revisit this subject by a \u201clate night\u201d conversation with friends who had just fitted cross-ply tyres to their vehicles without realizing it. Many 4\u00d74 owners still go for this option either for tradition, cost or just blind faith in the information given by the tyre dealer. In reality they are a false economy and they are not as safe as radial tyres."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CDC - Lice CDC - Lice [PAR] Lice [PAR] To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: [PAR] Enter Email Address [PAR] ShareCompartir [PAR] Lice are parasitic insects that can be found on people's heads, and bodies, including the pubic area. Human lice survive by feeding on human blood. Lice found on each area of the body are different from each other. The three types of lice that live on humans are: [PAR] Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), [PAR] Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse, clothes louse), and [PAR] Pthirus pubis (\"crab\" louse, pubic louse). [PAR] Only the body louse is known to spread disease. [PAR] Lice infestations (pediculosis and pthiriasis) are spread most commonly by close person-to-person contact. Dogs, cats, and other pets do not play a role in the transmission of human lice. Lice move by crawling; they cannot hop or fly. Both over-the-counter and prescription medications are available for treatment of lice infestations."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Banqueting House | building, London, United Kingdom ... Banqueting House | building, London, United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] Banqueting House [PAR] building, London, United Kingdom [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Banqueting House, an example of Jacobean architecture, in Whitehall, London; designed by Inigo Jones and built in 1619\u201322. [PAR] ChrisO [PAR] Interior of the Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace, London; designed by Inigo Jones. [PAR] \u00a9 Adam Woolfitt/Corbis [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in Inigo Jones [PAR] In 1619 the Banqueting House at Whitehall was destroyed by fire; and between that year and 1622 Jones replaced it with what has always been regarded as his greatest achievement. The Banqueting House consists of one great chamber, raised on a vaulted basement. It was conceived internally as a basilica on the Vitruvian model but without aisles, the superimposed columns being set against the... [PAR] in building construction: Revival of Roman technics and materials [PAR] ...after they had cooled and were cut into rectangular shapes. The first record of crown glass windows is their installation in double-hung counterweighted sliding-sash frames, at Inigo Jones\u2019s Banqueting House in London in 1685. Large areas of such glass became common in the 1700s, pointing the way toward the great glass and iron buildings of the 19th century.[DOC] [TLE] The Banqueting House in London - The London Pass ... The Banqueting House in London [PAR] Attractions Nearby [PAR] Designed by Inigo Jones for King James I and completed in 1622, The Banqueting House is the only complete surviving building of Whitehall Palace, the sovereign\u2019s principal residence from 1530 until 1698 when it was destroyed by fire. It was also the site of King Charles I execution in 1649. [PAR] Originally built for state occasions, plays and masques, the Banqueting House and Whitehall are both popular destinations on the London sightseeing trail \u2013 although it\u2019s always worth checking opening hours as it is still one of the finest banqueting venues in the capital and often plays host to royal and Government functions, as well as society events. [PAR] If you\u2019re London sightseeing with children, why not combine a visit to the Banqueting House with the Namco Station, a short walk over Hungerford Bridge or Westminster Bridge, or take the Thames Cruise with City Cruises \u2013 all these London tourist attractions are free with London Pass. [PAR] Please note: 31 December - last ticket at 14.15, building closes at 15.00 [PAR] Banqueting House is guaranteed to open from 10.00 until 13.00 Monday to Sunday, but we often close in the afternoon at short notice for functions and events. Before visiting, to ensure that the Banqueting House will be open, please call 020 3166 6155/6154/6152 [PAR] see The: [PAR] Full List Of Attractions Included [PAR] \"I would definitely recommend the pass. There were various places, i.e. the War Museum, Royal Mews, etc. that we would not have gone to if we didn't have the pass. We ended up seeing many more attractions since they were included, and spent much less on admissions than if we hadn't purchased the pass. Showing the pass also made entry easy.\" [PAR] Ernest from USA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Giorgio Napolitano elected Italian president - Wikinews ... Giorgio Napolitano elected Italian president - Wikinews, the free news source [PAR] Giorgio Napolitano elected Italian president [PAR] From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! [PAR] Share this: [PAR] This page has been automatically archived by a robot, and is no longer publicly editable. [PAR] Got a correction? Add the template {{ editprotected }} to the talk page along with your corrections, and it will be brought to the attention of the administrators . [PAR] Please note that the listed sources may no longer be available online. [PAR] The new President of the Italian Republic Giorgio Napolitano [PAR] The Italian Parliament in unified session elected Giorgio Napolitano the new President of the Italian Republic on May 10th. [PAR] Napolitano, 80, was elected on the fourth ballot with 543 valid votes (the threshold to win the election was 505). The number of great electors (the Parliamentarians of both houses and the regional delegates) present was 1,000, of which 990 voted. [PAR] The election process started on May 8th, but no winner emerged from the previous three ballots, which required a two-thirds supermajority. Italian parliamentary rules allow a simple majority from the fourth ballot onward. [PAR] Other candidates who received more than two votes were Umberto Bossi (42), Massimo D'Alema (10), Giuliano Ferrara (7), Gianni Letta (6), Silvio Berlusconi (5), Roberto Dipiazza (3) and Sergio Pininfarina (3). There were 347 blank ballots, along with 14 votes of \"null\" and 10 vote that went to candidates who only received two votes or fewer. [PAR] Italy was in an unusual political situation in which the term of outgoing President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi was due to expire as the new center-left government led by Prime Minister Romano Prodi needed to be appointed. Prodi's coalition won the election of April 9-10, defeating the government of Berlusconi. It was not known if the President of the Republic was to be elected first or if the old President was still able to assign the role of Prime Minister. It was decided, after the election of the two Presidents of the Senate and the House of Parliament, to elect the new President of the Republic first. [PAR] Ciampi's term expires on May 18, but he has agreed to resign on May 15 before Napolitano's inauguration. [PAR] Napolitano is the first person to be elected President of the Republic who previously was a member of the Italian Communist Party . [PAR] This audio file was created from the text revision dated 2006-05-13 and may not reflect subsequent text edits to this report. ( audio help )"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Flag Malta Blue Flag Malta [PAR] Blue Flag Malta [PAR] Report [PAR] The Blue Flag Programme [PAR] The Blue Flag is a voluntary eco-label awarded to over 3300 beaches and marinas in 39 countries across Europe, South Africa, Morocco, Tunisia, New Zealand, Canada and the Caribbean. The Blue Flag is an international award given to beaches, harbours and marinas and boats which participate in the Blue Flag Programme and which have proven to be clean and safe and respecting the environment. The Blue Flag works towards sustainable development at beaches/marinas through strict criteria dealing with water quality, environmental education and information, environmental management, and safety and other services. The Blue Flag programme is one of the five programmes run by the independent non-profit international organisation The Foundation for Environmental Education. (FEE) The Blue Flag Programme includes environmental education and information for the public, decision makers and tourism operators. [PAR] Blue Flag Operator - Malta [PAR] The National Blue Flag operator for Malta is Nature Trust (Malta) NTM. The environmental NGO was founded in 1962 and today it focuses on three major areas; ecological site management, environmental education and lobbying for a better environment. NTM launched the FEE programmes in Malta in 2002. Today it runs; Ekoskola (Green Flag), Blue Flag, Young Reporters for the Environment YRE. [PAR] Blue Flag Operator - Malta [PAR] The Maltese islands joined the Blue Flag programme in 2006. For season 2013, Malta was awarded 8 Blue Flag beaches across the Maltese islands and 1e Beach of Quality. [PAR] Freelance web developer and web design Elaine Vella Catalano - \u00a9 Blue Flag Malta - All Rights Reserved [PAR] Contact National Operator"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Wayne Airport-Orange County (SNA ) - MapQuest John Wayne Airport-Orange County (SNA) 18601 Airport Way Santa Ana, CA Airports - MapQuest [PAR] Read more Read {{ review.expanded ? 'less' : 'more' }} [PAR] John Wayne Airport SNA is an airport in Orange County, California serving the southeast metropolitan area of Los Angeles. It contains the shortest main runway in the United States. SNA Airport is the second busiest airport in the greater Los Angeles area with 9 million passengers traveling through annually. Originally started as a flying school in 1923 it eventually was purchased through a land swap by Orange County in 1939. During World War II it became part the Santa Ana Army Airfield and later was returned to the county after the war, becoming the Orange County Airport. It wasn\u2019t until 1979, shortly after his death, the airport was renamed in honor of John Wayne. [PAR] Located just south of I-405 and west of Highway 55, John Wayne Airport offers an array of parking options including hourly, daily, short-term, long-term, garage, economy and valet. There is one main terminal (Thomas F. Riley) with 3 subsequent terminals (A, B, C) all connected by walkway. There is 13 airlines serving John Wayne International flying to several domestic and international destinations. [PAR] Dining options are bountiful at John Wayne whether its something quick like McDonald\u2019s or something more leisurely like California Pizza Kitchen. In terms of shopping a majority of retail is newsstands and bookstores with Caterina\u2019s specializing in snacks and chocolates. [PAR] Getting to and from John Wayne travelers can take public transit with various buses and trains, limousines, rental cars, shuttles and taxis. If staying there are 5 hotels within close proximity to the airport including Wyndham Hotel Orange County Airport Irvine, the Marriott Hotel Irvine, and the Embassy Suites Irvine.[DOC] [TLE] John Wayne Airport (SNA) on Orbitz.com John Wayne Airport (SNA) on Orbitz.com [PAR] America/Los_Angeles [PAR] Fly to John Wayne Airport [PAR] Named after the famous actor, John Wayne Airport (SNA) is the gateway to beautiful Orange County, California. This international transport hub has excellent facilities and even boasts an onsite aviation museum. Used for a variety of domestic transfers as well as international flights, the airport is well served by an excellent shuttle service into Santa Ana and other Californian destinations. [PAR] Orange County Attractions [PAR] With a population of over 3 million people, Orange County has plenty of things to do and places to see. After you fly into SNA why not get the ball rolling with a visit to Heisler Park, a beautiful green, lush park that sits just above over on Laguna Beach and offers spectacular views of the ocean [PAR] Or maybe Crystal Cove State Park with its hiking and excellent cafe's will suit you better For the kids, a day out at the Disney California Adventure Park and Huntingdon Dog Beach is a must for canine lovers of any age. [PAR] Orange County has some of the most stunning beaches anywhere in the world so take your pick from Newport, Huntingdon and many more. [PAR] As far as foodies are concerned, check out The Hobbit over on East Chapman Avenue for some theme orientated dining. [PAR] Airports near John Wayne Airport"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tynwald Day - Facts of the Day Calendar Tynwald Day - Facts of the Day Calendar [PAR] Back to Facts of the Day Calendar UK Calendar dates british festivals .... folklore ... anniversaries .... on this day [PAR] Tynwald Day [PAR] Tynwald Day is the National Day of the Isle of Man, an island in in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. The island is not part of the United Kingdom or European Union, but is a possession of the British Crown with an independent administration. Its inhabitants (known as Manx) are British citizens. [PAR] Flag: The Three Legs of Man [PAR] Each year on 5th July, the Members of Tynwald - the Manx parliament - meet on Tynwald Hill in St Johns, for a ceremony, a legal requirement established by the Island's ninth century rulers. The hill is said to have been built by the Vikings and to contain soil from each of the 17 island parishes. The July ceremony declares in Manx Gaelic and English, laws passed during the year and hears petitions from Manx citizens. [PAR] The Tynwald, the Isle of Man's parliament, is of Norse (Viking) origin and has existed on the island for more than 1,000 years, making it the oldest parliament in the world with an unbroken existence. (Iceland\u2019s Althing was founded earlier but its existence was interrupted.) [PAR] Facts about the Isle of Man [PAR] Population: 80,058 [PAR] Capital: Douglas [PAR] Area: 572 sq km (221 sq miles) [PAR] Approximately 48 km (32 miles) long and between 13 and 24 km (8 and 15 miles) in breadth [PAR] Major languages: English, Manx [PAR] The Manx Electric Railway, formed in 1893, was one of the first in the world. [PAR] The island\u2019s name is believed to come from its ruler and protector, Celtic Sea God Manannan. [PAR] The native Manx Cat from the Isle of Man is tailless and its origins are subject to folklore. Legend has it a pair of cats were the last to enter Noah\u2019s Ark. The door was slammed, severing their tails.[DOC] [TLE] Tynwald - Parliament of the Isle of Man - History Tynwald - Parliament of the Isle of Man - History [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] This place lies not only at the geographical heart of the Isle of Man, but also at the heart of the Island's sense of nationhood, and its configuration has remained unchanged since Viking times. For well over 1,000 years the inhabitants of the Isle of Man have gathered here at midsummer to hear the laws of their land proclaimed, to seek justice and to air their grievances. [PAR] Tynwald, the Manx Parliament, which meets regularly throughout the year but most notably outdoors at St. John's on 5th July, is a direct legacy from our Viking ancestors. Norsemen first came to Mann around the year 800AD, and ruled the Island for four-and-a-half centuries before finally ceding it to the King of Scotland in 1266. By then they had firmly imposed their own administrative system, which continued even while the Island's ownership passed between Scotland and England, to the Stanley family of Lancashire (Lords of Mann from 1405-1736), and to their kin the Dukes of Atholl, who held it until it was re-vested in the British Crown in 1765. A number of accounts have survived of the remarkably unchanging Tynwald Day ceremonies over the centuries. [PAR] 1237 [PAR] The following autumn Harald sent Neil's three sons, namely Dougal, Thorkel and Molmore, together with a friend of his called Joseph, to Mann, where they landed at St. Patrick's Isle. On 25th October and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] KNIGHTED ON THE BATTLEFIELD - mainlesson.com The Baldwin Project: The Story of Roland by James Baldwin [PAR] [PAR] KNIGHTED ON THE BATTLEFIELD [PAR] [70] SCARCELY had the army rested from the fatigues of the march across the Alps, when messengers came the third time from the pope, praying Charlemagne to hasten his coming. \"The heathen triumph! The Christians are put to the sword! The Holy Father charges thee as the champion of Christendom to come quickly to his aid!\" At once the camp at Aosta was broken up, and the great host advanced by hasty marches on towards Rome. And Roland and Ogier the Dane rode side by side, and lamented that they were not yet armed knights, and could not take any active part in the battle which was soon to be fought. [PAR] \"I have not long to live,\" said Ogier; \"and the heaviest thought that weighs upon my mind is, that I shall die without having distinguished myself in arms, and without having done aught for the glory of the king or the honor of knighthood.\" [PAR] \"It shall not be,\" answered Roland. \"You shall not die thus early and thus shamefully. I will again intercede with my uncle the king, and I will save you. And [71] ere many years we both shall be knights, armed and belted and spurred, brothers-in-arms and peers of the king, worthy to do our part in battle with the unbelievers, and in all honorable undertakings.\" [PAR] The French arrived at Sutri. Roland saw with pleasure the familiar haunts of his boyhood. He pointed out to Ogier the rocky cleft on the hilltop, where, years before, he had watched for the coming of Charlemagne's host. And, when the old castle came in view, many memories, pleasant and painful, rushed into his mind. Oliver's father, Count Rainier, had long ago removed to Genoa, and the place was now held by strangers; nor did Roland see a single face in the town that he remembered as having known in the days of his childhood. [PAR] A short distance beyond Sutri, they met the Pagan host who had come out of Rome to give them battle. Charlemagne decided to attack them at once. Duke Namon, as the worthiest of the peers, led the vanguard of the French; but Roland and Ogier staid in the rear with the other squires, much grieving that it was not allowed them to bear arms, and that they could take only the part of lookers-on in this great contest. The golden standard of the king, the sacred Oriflamme, was carried by one Alory, who claimed it as the right of an Italian; he being a native of Apulia. [PAR] Roland and Ogier climbed a hill in order the better to view the fight. Duke Namon, with the bravest knights of France and their Italian allies, followed the standard to the attack. At the first assault the Pagans [72] were worsted: they seemed to fall back in confusion, and Duke Namon pressed upon them right valiantly. Then the foe rallied again; they stood stubbornly; they rushed savagely upon the bearers of the golden standard. Alory and his cowardly companions from Lombardy were frightened: they had not the fearless hearts which are born of Northern blood. They turned, and fled for their lives. Full of joy now were the Pagans to see the Oriflamme in flight: full of shame and bewilderment were the French. In vain did Duke Namon strive to turn the tide: he was hemmed in by giant foes on every side. He fought manfully, but against"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maryland's Nicknames Maryland's Nicknames [PAR] NICKNAMES [PAR] Maryland is known as both the Old Line State and the Free State. [PAR] Old Line State. According to some historians, General George Washington bestowed the name \"Old Line State\" and thereby associated Maryland with its regular line troops, the Maryland Line, who served courageously in many Revolutionary War battles. For a closer examination of the background on this nickname, see: The Origin of the \"Old Line State\" , by Ryan Polk (2005). [PAR] Free State. Maryland was first recognized as a \"Free State\" on November 1, 1864. On that date, the Maryland Constitution of 1864 took effect. By its provisions, slavery within the State's borders was abolished, and Maryland, indeed, became a free state. To celebrate the emancipation, under direction of the Baltimore City Council, five hundred guns were fired, bells were rung, and flags displayed \"to attest the joy of the people at their great deliverance.\" [PAR] Much later, the nickname \"Free State\" was used in a different context by Hamilton Owens, editor of the Baltimore Sun. In 1923, Georgia Congressman William D. Upshaw, a firm supporter of Prohibition, denounced Maryland as a traitor to the Union for refusing to pass a State enforcement act. Mr. Owens thereupon wrote a mock-serious editorial entitled \"The Maryland Free State,\" arguing that Maryland should secede from the Union rather than prohibit the sale of liquor. The irony in the editorial was subtle, and Mr. Owens decided not to print it. He popularized the nickname, however, in later editorials."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LiveLeak.com - Bob Dylan plays his first gig in Vietnam LiveLeak.com - Bob Dylan plays his first gig in Vietnam [PAR] Bob Dylan plays his first gig in Vietnam [PAR] 10 April 2011 Last updated at 12:14 ET [PAR] Legendary folk singer Bob Dylan, whose songs became anthems of the 1960s anti-Vietnam war movement, has played his first concert in the Communist country. [PAR] Dylan played a concert in Ho Chi Minh City - formerly Saigon - on Sunday evening. [PAR] Dylan, 69, jammed on stage playing guitar, harmonica and keyboard and singing hits including A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall and Highway 61 Revisited. [PAR] During the time of the Vietnam conflict, many of Dylan's protest songs defined the mood of a generation, with young Americans marching for peace followed by similar protests in the UK and other western countries. [PAR] Around half of the 8,000 seats at RMIT University were sold, to a mix of Vietnamese and foreigners, Associated Press reported. [PAR] Correspondents say many in youthful Vietnam have never heard of the man who wrote Blowin' in the Wind and The Times They [PAR] -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mexico States - Statoids Mexico States [PAR] Buy data Donate [PAR] Updates: [PAR] On 2015-10-29, the legislature of Quintana Roo unanimously approved the creation of the municipality of Puerto Morelos. This community was separated from the municipality of Benito Juarez. (See source [15]). [PAR] A law effective 2016-01-30 changes the official name of Distrito Federal to Ciudad de M\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdxico. [PAR] Quintana Roo is switching to Eastern Time on 2015-02-01 at 2:00 a.m. It will not observe daylight saving time. [PAR] Update 5 to Geopolitical Entities and Codes, the successor to FIPS PUB 10-4, was issued on 2011-08-31. It changes the name of Veracruz-Llave to Veracruz. [PAR] The formal name of Quer\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtaro state is Quer\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtaro Arteaga, not Quer\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtaro de Arteaga, although a Google search in 2004 found more references to the latter by eleven to one. The Constitution of Veracruz state (source [7]) gives the formal name as \"Veracruz-Llave\", but the state government website (source [8]) uses the name \"Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave\". The capital of Veracruz state is sometimes called Jalapa, sometimes Xalapa, sometimes Jalapa Enr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdquez, and sometimes Xalapa Enr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdquez. The fashion seems to have turned from Jalapa to Xalapa recently. When I was first investigating it, there were official city websites at www.xalapa.gob.mx and www.jalapa.gob.mx, both of them using the spelling Xalapa. In the 1990s, almost all sources, including Mexican ones, used Jalapa. Source [14] said \"Jalapa, formerly Xalapa\". [PAR] International standard ISO 3166-2 was published on December 15, 1998. It superseded ISO/DIS 3166-2 (draft international standard). For Mexico, the draft standard showed 31 states and one federal district. The final standard shows the same divisions and the same codes, except for the federal district. The code for Distrito Federal was changed from D.F to DIF. [PAR] Country overview: [PAR] ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2. [PAR] FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4. [PAR] Conv: Conventional abbreviation. [PAR] INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdstica, Geograf\u00ef\u00bf\u00bda e Informatica uses a two-digit code to represent each state. Most of them [PAR] are the same as the two digits in the FIPS codes (see note). [PAR] Population: 2010-05-31 census. [PAR] Tz: Time zone (hours offset from Greenwich; ~ indicates daylight saving time observed) [PAR] Capital: Common name is not in parentheses; adding parenthetical parts gives formal name. The English name of Ciudad de [PAR] M\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdxico is Mexico City. [PAR] Postcode: The Mexican postal service has defined a five-digit postal code (C\u00ef\u00bf\u00bddigo Postal). The first two digits represent a [PAR] state, a part of a state, or (in Ciudad de M\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdxico) a political delegation. The range of postal codes for each state is shown. [PAR] [PAR] Notes on codes: [PAR] In the 1960s, the U.S. and Canadian postal authorities developed two-letter state and province codes, with care to avoid overlap. That is, no state code was the same as any province code. Computer systems very frequently used these sets of codes. Many companies and government agencies have to deal with data from all of North America. The Mexican authorities never got around to deciding on an official set of two-letter state codes, so anyone who wanted to use such a set, made up their own. It's not very hard to find a set of two-letter, mnemonic state/province codes for all three countries with no overlap, so some groups did just that; others didn't care about the overlap, because they were using a combination of state and country code to identify a particular division. I recently did a search and found a dozen different systems of state codes or abbreviations for Mexico, most of which were two-letter codes. They were used by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pasternak Is Dead; Wrote 'Dr. Zhivago' - The New York Times Pasternak Is Dead; Wrote 'Dr. Zhivago' [PAR] Pasternak Is Dead; Wrote 'Dr. Zhivago' [PAR] By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS [PAR] MOSCOW, Tuesday, May 31--Boris Pasternak, noted Russian poet, author of the controversial novel \"Doctor Zhivago\" and winner of the 1958 Nobel Prize for Literature, died in his sleep last night, family friends reported. He was 70 years old. [PAR] As a result of the novel--never published in the Soviet Union but a best-seller in Western countries--Mr. Pasternak was the center of world-wide uproar. The novel was judged highly for literary merit and insights into Communist society. [PAR] Mr. Pasterak became ill on May 1 at his home in Peredelkino, a writers' colony about twenty miles outside of Moscow. Along with a heart ailment he suffered from lung cancer, stomach bleeding and other infirmities. [PAR] Spanned Joy and Pathos [PAR] The life of Boris Pasternak spanned the heights and depths, the glories and tragedies, the joy and pathos that was Russia of the twentieth century. [PAR] So closely was he identified with the soil, the history, the tradition and the mystery of Russia that he could not imagine life away from the land where he was born on Feb. 10, 1890. [PAR] At the peak of the political controversy within the Soviet Union over his great novel, \"Doctor Zhivago,\" and the award to him of the Nobel Prize Communist propagandists demanded that he leave Russia. [PAR] Mr. Pasternak wrote a letter to Premier Khrushchev declining the Nobel Prize and adding what his friends felt was the simple truth: [PAR] \"Leaving the motherland will equal death for me. I am tied to Russia by birth, by life and work.\" [PAR] World fame came to Mr. Pasternak very late in life--with the publication of \"Doctor Zhivago,\" the award to it in 1958 of the Nobel Prize, its translation into dozens of languages and almost overpowering barrage of publicity in every kind of media. [PAR] But long before this he had taken his place in the literary life of Russia as one of the great masters of the century. [PAR] Mr. Pasternak had made his mark and reputation before the Bolshevik Revolution. His place in the high ranks of Russian poetry was secure even before World War I. [PAR] By the late Nineteen Thirties Mr. Pasternak was turning more and more to the translation of foreign classics. His translations into Russian of Shakespeare's Hamlet,\" \"Henry IV,\" \"Romeo and Juliet,\" \"Anthony and Cleopatra\" and \"Othello\" are of a quality seldom equaled. [PAR] Considered Himself a Poet [PAR] It was as a poet that Mr. Pasternak made his mark in the world and it was a poet that he considered himself. The fact that his world fame was based upon a novel he regarded as more an accident of time, place and history than anything else. [PAR] The publication of \"Doctor Zhivago\" was the great literary event of postwar Russia. Yet the novel still has not been published in the land of its composition. [PAR] By early 1954, the novel had been reduced to approximately the shape in which it finally was published. Some poetical excerpts from it were published in a Moscow literary journal, arrangements had been made to serialize it in the leading Soviet magazine, Novy Mir, and book publication was under contract. [PAR] When Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, an Italian publisher, visited Moscow, Mr. Pasternak readily gave him a copy of the book for publication in Italy. It was to be brought out simultaneously with the Soviet edition. [PAR] But publishing and politics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zoology -- Primates -- Prosimians - Darwiniana Zoology -- Primates -- Prosimians [PAR] Prosimians: The Most Ancient Living Primates [PAR] Cladogram after Tudge in The Tree of Life [PAR] What are Cladograms? [PAR] Cladograms show presumed relationships between organisms. Traditionally, the earliest (oldest, most primitive) forms are shown at the top, the most recent (youngest or most derived) at the bottom. [PAR] The Prosimians, found chiefly in Madagascar, are listed on this page. The Platyrrhini are the New World monkeys. Cercopithecoidea are Old World monkeys, Hominoidea include the Gibbons, Lesser and Great Apes. A few extinct forms are asterisked. [PAR] Taxonomic listings (these pages) generally follow the sequence of Orders, Families and Genera as revealed by such cladograms or taxonomic \"trees.\" These trees are subject to change as newer and better information becomes available, especially from modern genetic and biochemical research. [PAR] Learn more about Taxonomy, Systematics and Cladistics at the Taxonomy Page of this website. [PAR] About GREEN notations: pg20 refers to a page in The Pictorial Guide to Living Primates where a photograph may be found. pgn18 is a drawing in the same book by the illustrator Stephen Nash. The book is available at libraries. Request an interlibrary loan if necessary.[DOC] [TLE] Primate - University of Oregon Primate [PAR] Primate: [PAR] A primate is a member of the mammalian order Primates, which comprises two suborders: the prosimians (lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers) and the anthropoids (monkeys, apes, and man). According to fossil records, primates originated in the Late Cretaceous (97.5 to 66.4 million years ago) as forest-dwelling creatures. Evidence that modern man is a descendant of these early primates was first provided by Charles Darwin in his Origin of Species, published in 1859. [PAR] The anatomical and behavioral features that distinguish primates from members of other mammalian orders include a lack of strong specialization in structure; prehensile hands and feet, usually with opposable thumbs and great toes; flattened nails instead of claws on the digits; acute vision with some degree of binocular vision; relatively large brain exhibiting a degree of cortical folding; and prolonged postnatal dependency. No primate exhibits all these features, and indeed the diversity of primate forms has produced disagreement as to their proper classification. [PAR] Taxonomically the primate order can be arranged in 11 families: The prosimians include the lemurs (Lemuridae), the aye-aye (a single species comprising the Daubentoniidae), galagos and lorises (Lorisidae), tarsiers (Tarsiidae), and a little-known group of arboreal creatures including the avahi, sifaka, and indri (Indriidae). The anthropoids include marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae), South American monkeys other than marmosets (Cebidae), African and Asian monkeys (Cercopithecidae), siamangs and gibbons (Hylobatidae, the lesser apes), orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees (Pongidae, the great apes), and man and his direct ancestors (Hominidae). The tree shrews (Tupaiidae) are included among the prosimians by some authorities but by others among the insectivores. [PAR] A wide range of size, weight, and habitat is found among members of the primate order. The smallest primates are weighed in tens of grams, while the gorilla typically weighs 140 to 180 kg (300 to 400 pounds). Nonhuman primates are found throughout the tropical areas of India, Africa, Asia, and South America. A few species also live in temperate latitudes, but lack of winter food supply limits their adaptability to these climates. [PAR] The combination of an unspecialized physical structure and highly specialized behaviour has made the primates a very successful order. An unspecialized structure helps primates flourish in changing environments, while their well-developed brains allow them to adapt their behaviour to suit their specific needs. Most primates have binocular vision and forward-facing eyes, two"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jim Clark and the Win That Changed Indy - The Henry Ford Jim Clark and the Win That Changed Indy - Blog - The Henry Ford [PAR] Jim Clark and the Win That Changed Indy [PAR] Search our website to find what you\u2019re looking for. [PAR] Search [PAR] Select Your Language [PAR] You can select the language displayed on our website. Click the drop-down menu below and make your selection. [PAR] Past Forward [PAR] Jim Clark and the Win That Changed Indy [PAR] September 9, 2013 [PAR] The Indianapolis 500 is America\u2019s premier motorsports event. Since its inaugural run in 1911, Indy has exemplified our country\u2019s obsession with speed. It is ironic, then, that one of its most significant victories came from a Scottish driver in a British-built (though American-powered) car. In one fell swoop, Jim Clark\u2019s 1965 win in the Lotus-Ford Type 38 marked the end of the four-cylinder Offenhauser engine\u2019s dominance, the end of the front engine, and the incursion of European design into the most American of races. The Henry Ford holds many important objects, photographs and documents that tell this fascinating story. [PAR] From left to right: Dan Gurney, Colin Chapman and Jim Clark in 1963 (THF110625). [PAR] By the early 1960s, four-cylinder roadsters were an ingrained tradition at the Indianapolis 500. Race teams were hesitant to experiment with anything else. American driver Dan Gurney, familiar with the advanced Formula One cars from the British firm Lotus, saw the potential in combining a lithe European chassis with a powerful American engine. He connected Lotus\u2019s Colin Chapman with Ford Motor Company and the result was a lightweight monocoque chassis fitted with a specially designed Ford V-8 mounted behind the driver. Scotsman Jim Clark, Team Lotus\u2019s top driver, took the new design to an impressive second place finish at Indy in 1963. While Clark started strong in the 1964 race, having earned pole position with a record-setting qualifying time, he lost the tread on his left rear tire, initiating a chain reaction that collapsed his rear suspension and ended his race early. [PAR] The lightning-fast Wood Brothers crew refuels Jim Clark\u2019s car at the 1965 Indianapolis 500. After a fiery crash the year before, Indy officials mandated smaller fuel tanks. Quick refueling stops became essential (THF110504). [PAR] Based on his past performances, Jim Clark entered the 1965 race as the odds-on favorite. Ford was especially eager for a win, though, and sought every advantage it could gain. The company brought in the Wood Brothers to serve as pit crew. The Woods were legendary in NASCAR for their precision refueling drills, and they were no less impressive at Indianapolis where they filled Clark\u2019s car with 50 gallons in less than 20 seconds. This time, the race was hardly a contest at all. Clark led for 190 of the race\u2019s 200 laps and took the checkered flag nearly two minutes ahead of his nearest rival. Jim Clark became the first driver to finish the Indianapolis 500 with an average speed above 150 mph (he averaged 150.686) and the first foreign driver to win since 1916. The race \u2013 and the cars in it \u2013 would never be the same. [PAR] Many of The Henry Ford\u2019s pieces from Clark\u2019s remarkable victory are compiled in a special Expert Set on our Online Collections page . The most significant artifact from the 1965 race is, of course, car #82 itself. Jim Clark\u2019s 1965 Lotus-Ford Type 38 joined our collection in 1977 and has been a visitor favorite ever since. Dan Gurney, who brought Lotus and Ford together, shared his reminiscences with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gerald Ford - Biography - IMDb Gerald Ford - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Gerald Ford [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 61 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (45) | Personal Quotes (8) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Gerald Rudolph Ford was the 38th President of the United States from August 1974 until January 1977. [PAR] Ford was born on July 14, 1913, in Omaha, Nebraska as Leslie Lynch King, Jr., being the son of Leslie Lynch King and Dorothy Ayer Gardner King. His parents separated two weeks after his birth and his mother took him to Grand Rapids, Michigan to live with her parents. On February 1, 1916, his mother Dorothy King married Gerald R. Ford, a paint salesman. The Fords began calling their son Gerald R. Ford, Jr. but this name became legal only on December 3, 1935. Aged 13, Ford knows that Gerald Ford Sr., was not his biological father, but it lasted until 1930 he met his biological father Leslie King, who made an unexpected stop in Grand Rapids. [PAR] Ford grew up in a family with three younger half-brothers (Thomas, Richard, and James). He attended South High School in Grand Rapids, where he already showed is athletics skills, being named to the honor society and the \"All-City\" and \"All-State\" football teams. As a scout he was ranked Eagle Scout in November 1927. He earned money by working in the family paint business and at a local restaurant. [PAR] Ford attended The University of Michigan at Ann Arbor from 1931 to 1935. He majored in economics and political science and graduated with a B.A. degree in June 1935. He played on the University's national championship football teams in 1932 and 1933 and was voted MVP of Wolverine in 1934. He also played in All-Star and benefit football games. He denied offers from two professional football teams, (Detroit Lions and Green Bay Packers), but chose to become boxing coach and assistant varsity football coach at Yale hoping to attend law school there. Ford earned his law degree in 1941. [PAR] After returning to Michigan and passing his bar exam, Ford set up a law partnership in Grand Rapids with Philip Buchen, a University of Michigan fraternity brother (who later served on Ford's White House staff as Counsel to the President). [PAR] In April 1942 Ford joined the U.S. Naval Reserve and became a physical fitness instructor at a flight school in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In the spring of 1943 he began service in the light aircraft carrier USS Monterey. Ford spent the remainder of the war ashore and was discharged as a lieutenant commander in February 1946. He returned to Grand Rapids to become a partner in the locally prestigious law firm of Butterfield, Keeney, and Amberg. [PAR] His first political experience was in the summer of 1940 when he was working in the presidential campaign of Wendell Willkie. Six years later he decided to challenge Bartel Jonkman for the Republican nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 1948 election. Ford won the nomination and after that was elected to Congress on November 2, 1948, receiving 61% of the vote. [PAR] On October 15 1948, the height of the campaign, Ford married Elizabeth ('Betty') Anne Bloomer Warren, a department store fashion consultant. Betty was born on April 8, 1918 in Chicago, Illinois, but grew up in Grand Rapids. They subsequently had four children: Michael Gerald (March 14, 1950), John Gardner (March 16, 1952),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Overactive Thyroid: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - WebMD Overactive Thyroid: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment [PAR] Complications of Hyperthyroidism [PAR] Hyperthyroidism is a disorder in which your thyroid gland makes and releases more thyroid hormone than your body needs. Your doctor may say you have an \" overactive thyroid ,\" or refer to the condition as \"overactive thyroid disease.\" [PAR] Your thyroid gland is located in the front of your neck. Hormones released by the thyroid affect nearly every part of your body from your brain to your skin and muscles. They play a crucial role in controlling how your body uses energy, a process called metabolism . This includes how your heart beats and even how you burn calories. [PAR] Women are five to 10 times more likely to develop hyperthyroidism than men. [PAR] Causes of Hyperthyroidism [PAR] The causes of hyperthyroidism include: [PAR] Graves' disease . The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune condition called Graves' disease. The body's immune system creates an antibody that causes the gland to make an excessive amount of thyroid hormone. Graves' disease runs in families, and usually affects younger women. [PAR] Thyroiditis. Thyroiditis is inflammation of the thyroid. A virus or problem with the immune system causes the gland to swell, leaking thyroid hormone into the bloodstream. There are several types of thyroiditis. [PAR] Subacute: A sudden, painful form of thyroiditis of unknown cause. The thyroid usually heals on its own after a few months. The thyroid can become underactive for a while before it returns to normal. [PAR] Postpartum: This type of thyroiditis affects women after pregnancy . One to two women out of every 10 women develop hyperthyroidism after having a baby . It usually lasts a month or two, followed by several months of underactive thyroid ( hypothyroidism ). In most women, the thyroid returns to normal. [PAR] Silent: This type is similar to postpartum thyroiditis but is not related to pregnancy. The thyroid produces too much hormone but patients do not develop a painful thyroid gland. Some people may develop hypothyroidism afterwards. [PAR] Thyroid nodule . One or more lumps, or nodules, can grow in the thyroid gland, gradually increasing the gland's activity and the amount of thyroid hormone in your blood . [PAR] If one nodule causes hyperthyroidism, it is called a single toxic nodule. [PAR] If several nodules cause the thyroid to become overactive, the condition is called toxic multinodular goiter . [PAR] Continued [PAR] Excess iodine. You may also develop hyperthyroidism if you eat, drink, or are otherwise exposed to substances that contain a high amount of iodine. Iodine is used by the body to make thyroid hormone. Kelp or seaweed supplements and the medication amiodarone ( Cordarone , Pacerone ), once used to treat irregular heartbeats, are examples of medicines that contain a lot of iodine. [PAR] Thyroid medications . Taking too much thyroid hormone medication can wreak havoc on your thyroid gland and cause hyperthyroidism. If you have been prescribed thyroid replacement hormone (for hypothyroidism ), never take an extra dose, even if you missed one, without first talking to your doctor. [PAR] Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism [PAR] Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may be vague and can often mimic other illnesses and conditions. If you have a very mild form of hyperthyroidism, you may not notice any symptoms. Symptoms are often particularly subtle in the elderly. However, an overactive thyroid often leads to discomfort or even disability that disrupts your everyday activities or routines. [PAR] Thyroid enlargement, called a goiter, occurs in most people with hyperthyroidism. You may see or feel a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wind of the World: Brickfielder - Weather UK ... Wind of the World: Brickfielder | weatheronline.co.uk [PAR] Location: Australia [PAR] The Brickfielder is a strong, hot, dry and dusty wind in southern Australia. The Brickfielder usually occurs during summer and is mainly affecting southeast Australia's states of Victoria and New South Wales . The Brickfielder is associated with the passage of a frontal zone of a low pressure. Preceding the passage of the front tropical, hot, dry north-westerly desert air from the interior of Australia is carrying clouds of dust and bringing sudden hot spells , often exceeding 38C (100F), to areas which normally have a much milder climate. The temperature might jump up 15 to 20 \u00b0C within hours. [PAR] After the front has passed, temperatur es will drop dramatically again and the now cold winds are veering to more south, south-westerly directions, originating from polar air masses and still blowing quite strong, often with gusts reaching gale force. The passing of the cold-front itself is often associated with violent thunderstorms even triggereing tornadoes. This wind now is called a Southerly Buster, the uneven brother of the Brickfielder. [PAR] For example, on January 14, 2001 temperatures in Sydney reached 34C (93F), with NE winds and dropped to 23C (73F) the very next day, veering to SE. [PAR] The hot northerly wind blew across the Brickfields, formerly so called, a district of Sydney and carried clouds of reddish dust from the brickworks over the nascent city - thus the name: Brickfielder. However, another - agricultural - explanation comes from the hot and dry character of the northerly wind itself, turning the surface of the already dry soil hard as bricks. Therefore, by confusion, every dry, hot wind from the north might be called a Brickfielder today. The Brickfielder is related to the Argentinian Zonda wind [PAR] Advertisement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Passports up in price to \u00a377.50 \u2013 three times rate of ... Passports up in price to \u00a377.50 \u2013 three times rate of inflation - Telegraph [PAR] Travel News [PAR] Passports up in price to \u00a377.50 \u2013 three times rate of inflation [PAR] The price of a British passport is to rise from \u00a372 to \u00a377.50, with fewer people travelling in the recession blamed for the above-inflation increase. [PAR] From September 3, the cost of a 10-year adult passport will rise by seven per cent from \u00a372 to \u00a377.50 Photo: AFP/GETTY [PAR] By Harry Wallop, Consumer Affairs Editor [PAR] 7:26PM BST 07 Jul 2009 [PAR] The hike in the cost will take place in September, and means the document has now risen three times higher than the level of inflation since 1997 when the Labour Government came to power. [PAR] The Home Office claims the above-inflation increase is due to the recession as the Identity and Passport Service (IPS) had \"lost revenue\". [PAR] The sharp economic downturn has led to fewer travellers and businessmen needing to renew their passports, with 5.25 million passports issued in the year to March 2009, compared with 5.9 million the previous year. [PAR] Passports are the latest key service to increase in price by more than the rate of inflation, with water bills, council tax and postage stamps all jumping this year. [PAR] Consumer groups criticised the rise, saying holidaymakers were being \"penalised\"; the Conservatives claimed the Government was trying to hide the cost of the ID card scheme in the price of a passport. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Home Secretary abandons compulsory ID cards [PAR] 01 Jul 2009 [PAR] Travellers have now seen the price of a passport jump from \u00a318 in 1997. If the cost had risen in line with retail prices, it would now cost just \u00a324.55. [PAR] Inflation, as measured by retail prices, is in negative territory, with average prices down by 1.1 per cent. [PAR] James Hall, the chief executive of the IPS, said: \"This year demand has fallen and we must ensure this lost revenue doesn't affect our ability to deliver a quality product and excellent customer service. [PAR] \"However we were still faced with an increase in net costs that risked undermining our high standards of integrity and customer service. The increase in fees will ensure that the service customers have rightly come to expect can be maintained.\" [PAR] Consumer groups argued it should not be travellers that pick up the bill for the IPS's falling revenues. [PAR] Richard Bates, public services expert at Consumer Focus, the Government-funded watchdog, said: \"Unlike private sector businesses, they're in the unusual position of being able to raise prices when business drops off. Many holidaymakers will be shocked by this above inflation rise, particularly at this difficult economic time.\" [PAR] Some of the increased costs of the passports in recent years have been because the documents have become more sophisticated, containing basic biometric information. From next year, new passports will also include finger prints. [PAR] Bob Atkinson, travel experts at TravelSupermarket.com, said: \"I am not surprised the price keeps on going up, but the fact that it has risen once again by above inflation \u2013 just when we need to promote travel and support the aviation industry \u2013 seems to penalise holidaymakers.\" [PAR] The Home Office strongly denied the Conservative's claims that rising passport prices were to fund the cost of ID cards, pointing out that the IPS's budget was \"completely ring-fenced\".[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Cost of new passports to ... BBC NEWS |"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air - TV.com The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air [PAR] Follow [PAR] EDIT [PAR] A wealthy family living in Bel-Air, California, receives a dubious gift from their poorer relations in Philadelphia when Grammy Award-winner Will Smith arrives as The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air. His mother wants him to learn some good old-fashioned values from his successful relatives. But Will shatters the sophisticated serenity of Bel-Air with his streetwise common sense, much to the dismay of his upper-crust uncle, Philip Banks (James Avery), Aunt Vivian (Janet Hubert-Whitten and Daphne Maxwell Reid) and three conceited cousins, Carlton (Alfonso Ribeiro), Hilary (Karyn Parsons) and Ashley (Tatyana Ali) - and even the butler, Geoffrey (Joseph Marcell). As the Banks family opens their home - and their checkbook - to their needy relative, Will adapts easily to their indulgent lifestyle. Yet, he reminds everyone that the simplest pleasures of family life can't be bought at any price. [PAR] Repeats can be seen on Nick at Nite, The N (Noggin's nightime program lineup), and weekday afternoons on TBS. [PAR] Nielsen Ratings (Top 20 or better) [PAR] Not in Top 20 in the 1990 - 1991 Season #18 in the 1991 - 1992 Season #14 in the 1992 - 1993 Season Not in Top 20 in the 1993 - 1994 Season Not in Top 20 in the 1994 - 1995 Season Not in Top 20 in the 1995 - 1996 Season [PAR] Theme Song: \"Fresh Prince\" Lyrics and music by Will Smith. Produced by Will Smith in association with \"A Touch Of Jazz\". [PAR] Now this is the story all about how My life got flipped, turned upside down And I'd like to take a minute, just sit right there I'll tell you how I became the prince of a town called Bel-Air In West Philadelphia born and raised On the playground where I spent most of my days Chilling out, maxing, relaxing all cool And shootin' some B-ball outside of the school When a couple of guys who were up to no good Started making trouble in my neighbourhood I got in one little fight and my mom got scared She said \"you're moving with your auntie and uncle in Bel-Air\" I whistled for a cab and when it came near the License plate said \"Fresh\" and had dice in the mirror If anything I could say that this cab was rare But I thought nah, forget it, yo homes to bel-air I pulled up to a house about seven or eight And I yelled to the cabbie 'Yo homes, smell you later Looked at my kingdom I was finally there To sit on my throne as the prince of Bel-Airmoreless[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air: The Complete ... Amazon.com: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air: The Complete Sixth Season: Will Smith, James Avery, Daphne Maxwell Reid, Alfonso Ribeiro, Karyn Parsons, Tatyana Ali, Joseph Marcell, Ross Bagley, Not Specified [PAR] 1. Burnin' Down the House [PAR] Will's attempt to make flamb\u00c3\u00a9 goes up in smoke before Phil's boss comes to dinner. [PAR] TV-NR CC Language: English Runtime: 22 minutes Release date: September 17, 1995 [PAR] Buy HD $2.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 2. Get a Job [PAR] Will replaces Carlton as Hilary's assistant talent coordinator for her television talk show. Phil presides as the judge on a sensational Hollywood trial. CHRIS ROCK guest stars in a dual role. [PAR] TV-NR CC Language: English Runtime: 22 minutes Release date: September 24, 1995 [PAR] Buy HD $2.99"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold Wilson - Wikiquote Harold Wilson - Wikiquote [PAR] Harold Wilson [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] This Party needs to protect itself against the activities of small groups of inflexible political persuasion, extreme so-called left and in a few cases extreme so-called moderates, having in common only their arrogant dogmatism. [PAR] James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx , KG, OBE, FRS, PC ( 11 March 1916 \u2013 24 May 1995 ) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970, and again from 1974 to 1976. He had an impressive educational background, becoming an Oxford don at 21 and working as a war time civil servant; he was made a government minister immediately after he was elected to Parliament. As Leader of the Labour Party he moved the party towards a technocratic approach and appeared more in tune with the 'swinging sixties'; however his government was beset by economic difficulties and he was unexpectedly defeated in 1970. His return to office with a tiny majority in the mid-1970s saw a referendum which endorsed British membership of the European Communities. He resigned suddenly in 1976, and in his retirement suffered from Alzheimers' disease. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Sourced[ edit ] [PAR] On 5 September, when the TUC unanimously rejected wage restraint, it was the end of an era, and all the financiers, all the little gnomes in Z\u00fcrich and other finance centres about whom we keep on hearing, had started to make their dispositions in regard to sterling. [PAR] Hansard, House of Commons, 5th series, vol. 560, col. 579. [PAR] Speech in the House of Commons (12 November 1956); often quoted as \"gnomes of Z\u00fcrich\". [PAR] In all our plans for the future, we are re-defining and we are re-stating our Socialism in terms of the scientific revolution. But that revolution cannot become a reality unless we are prepared to make far-reaching changes in economic and social attitudes which permeate our whole system of society. The Britain that is going to be forged in the white heat of this revolution will be no place for restrictive practices or for outdated methods on either side of industry. [PAR] Usually quoted as \"the white heat of the technological revolution\". Speech at Labour Party conference, October 1, 1963. Labour Party Annual Conference Report, 1963, pages 139-140. [PAR] Hughie, get your tanks off my lawn. [PAR] Statement to trade union leader Hugh Scanlon (c.1969), as quoted in \"Lord Scanlon\" in The Telegraph (28 January 2004) [PAR] The government have only a small majority in the House of Commons. I want to make it quite clear that this will not affect our ability to govern. Having been charged with the duties of Government we intend to carry out those duties. [PAR] David Butler, Coalitions in British Politics (Macmillan, London, 1978), p. 99. [PAR] Television broadcast, October 1964, after winning the general election . [PAR] Smethwick Conservatives can have the satisfaction of having topped the poll, of having sent a Member who, until another election returns him to oblivion, will serve his time here as a Parliamentary leper. [PAR] Hansard, House of Commons, 5th series, vol. 701, col. 71. [PAR] Speech in the House of Commons, 3 November, 1964. The 1964 general election had seen the defeat of Wilson's Shadow Foreign Secretary Patrick Gordon Walker by Conservative Peter Griffiths after an allegedly racist campaign. Griffiths was indeed defeated at the next election but returned to Parliament in 1979 and served until 1997. [PAR] I know I speak for everyone in these islands, all parties, all our people, when I say to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV Chef Likens Eating Puppy Meat to Eating Pork : TreeHugger TV Chef Likens Eating Puppy Meat to Eating Pork : TreeHugger [PAR] TV Chef Likens Eating Puppy Meat to Eating Pork [PAR] Photo: wsilver / cc [PAR] British celebrity chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall has made a name for himself by venturing into the darkest corners of culinary arts. Throughout his career as host of several cooking shows in the UK, Fearnley-Whittingstall has put his taste-buds to the test, eating, amongst other things, roadkill, giraffe testicles, fruit bats, and even some human placenta he whipped up as a pate. Needless to say, the TV chef has an iron stomach -- but after swearing off meat more than 5 months ago, he's wandered into controversy yet again. According to Fearnley-Whittingstall, eating puppy meat is really no different than eating pork.Fearnley-Whittingstall, who stars in the British cooking program River Cottage, has become a leading voice for the organic movement in the UK, challenging his viewers to adopt a more intimate understanding of where their food comes from. In this role, the celebrity chef has advocated for the public to incorporate more free-range meat and locally grown vegetables into their diets. [PAR] Leading in to the latest season of his cooking show, and accompanying cookbook of vegetarian recipes, Fearnley-Whittingstall has adopted a meat-free lifestyle for the past 5 months. In a recent interview with the Radio Times, as quoted by the Daily Mail , the chef noted the inherent hypocrisy most non-vegetarians display in classifying some animals as acceptable to eat while others are taboo -- namely, puppies. [PAR] In principle, but not in practice, I have no objection to a high-welfare organic puppy farm. [PAR] You can't object, unless you also object to the farming of pigs. It's an artificial construct of our society, a cultural decision, to make pets out of dogs and meat out of pigs. [PAR] Both animals could be used the other way round - although pigs probably do make better meat than dogs and dogs better pets than pigs. But it's not a foregone conclusion. [PAR] Some animal advocates, like those from the RSPCA, have taken issue with the chef's remarks, saying his \"comments may seem sensible but are actually quite controversial - especially when dogs are our most popular and loved pet.\" [PAR] The point raised by Fearnley-Whittingstall, while conveniently aligning with the release of his new show and book, do tap into a double-standard which exists in the meat-eating, puppy-loving community -- which, I would venture to say, is most people. [PAR] Follow me on Twitter or Facebook . [PAR] More on Fearnley-Whittingstall"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream: Analysis of Major ... SparkNotes: A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream: Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream [PAR] William Shakespeare [PAR] Themes, Symbols, & Motifs [PAR] Puck [PAR] Though there is little character development in A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream and no true protagonist, critics generally point to Puck as the most important character in the play. The mischievous, quick-witted sprite sets many of the play\u2019s events in motion with his magic, by means of both deliberate pranks on the human characters (transforming Bottom\u2019s head into that of an ass) and unfortunate mistakes (smearing the love potion on Lysander\u2019s eyelids instead of Demetrius\u2019s). [PAR] More important, Puck\u2019s capricious spirit, magical fancy, fun-loving humor, and lovely, evocative language permeate the atmosphere of the play. Wild contrasts, such as the implicit comparison between the rough, earthy craftsmen and the delicate, graceful fairies, dominate A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream. Puck seems to illustrate many of these contrasts within his own character: he is graceful but not so saccharine as the other fairies; as Oberon\u2019s jester, he is given to a certain coarseness, which leads him to transform Bottom\u2019s head into that of an ass merely for the sake of enjoyment. He is good-hearted but capable of cruel tricks. Finally, whereas most of the fairies are beautiful and ethereal, Puck is often portrayed as somewhat bizarre looking. Indeed, another fairy mentions that some call Puck a \u201chobgoblin,\u201d a term whose connotations are decidedly less glamorous than those of \u201cfairy\u201d (II.i.40). [PAR] Nick Bottom [PAR] Whereas Puck\u2019s humor is often mischievous and subtle, the comedy surrounding the overconfident weaver Nick Bottom is hilariously overt. The central figure in the subplot involving the craftsmen\u2019s production of the Pyramus and Thisbe story, Bottom dominates his fellow actors with an extraordinary belief in his own abilities (he thinks he is perfect for every part in the play) and his comical incompetence (he is a terrible actor and frequently makes rhetorical and grammatical mistakes in his speech). The humor surrounding Bottom often stems from the fact that he is totally unaware of his own ridiculousness; his speeches are overdramatic and self-aggrandizing, and he seems to believe that everyone takes him as seriously as he does himself. This foolish self-importance reaches its pinnacle after Puck transforms Bottom\u2019s head into that of an ass. When Titania, whose eyes have been anointed with a love potion, falls in love with the now ass-headed Bottom, he believes that the devotion of the beautiful, magical fairy queen is nothing out of the ordinary and that all of the trappings of her affection, including having servants attend him, are his proper due. His unawareness of the fact that his head has been transformed into that of an ass parallels his inability to perceive the absurdity of the idea that Titania could fall in love with him. [PAR] Helena [PAR] Although Puck and Bottom stand out as the most personable characters in A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream, they themselves are not involved in the main dramatic events. Of the other characters, Helena, the lovesick young woman desperately in love with Demetrius, is perhaps the most fully drawn. Among the quartet of Athenian lovers, Helena is the one who thinks most about the nature of love\u2014which makes sense, given that at the beginning of the play she is left out of the love triangle involving Lysander, Hermia, and Demetrius. She says, \u201cLove looks not with the eyes, but with the mind,\u201d believing that Demetrius has built up a fantastic notion of Hermia\u2019s beauty that prevents him from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Josip Broz Tito | president of Yugoslavia | Britannica.com Josip Broz Tito | president of Yugoslavia | Britannica.com [PAR] president of Yugoslavia [PAR] Dragoljub Mihailovi\u0107 [PAR] Josip Broz Tito, original name Josip Broz (born May 7, 1892, Kumrovec, near Zagreb , Croatia , Austria-Hungary [now in Croatia]\u2014died May 4, 1980, Ljubljana , Yugoslavia [now in Slovenia]), Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was secretary-general (later president) of the Communist Party (League of Communists) of Yugoslavia (1939\u201380), supreme commander of the Yugoslav Partisans (1941\u201345) and the Yugoslav People\u2019s Army (1945\u201380), and marshal (1943\u201380), premier (1945\u201353), and president (1953\u201380) of Yugoslavia . Tito was the chief architect of the \u201csecond Yugoslavia,\u201d a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991. He was the first Communist leader in power to defy Soviet hegemony , a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as \u201cnational communism\u201d), and a promoter of the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War . [PAR] Josip Broz Tito, 1972. [PAR] Sygma [PAR] Early life [PAR] Josip Broz was born to a large peasant family in Kumrovec, northwest of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, of a Croat father and a Slovene mother. He was apprenticed to a locksmith in 1907 and completed his training in 1910, when he joined the Social Democratic Party of Croatia-Slavonia at Zagreb. After working as an itinerant metalworker in various Austro-Hungarian and German centres, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army in 1913, completed noncommissioned-officer training, and was sent as a sergeant in the war against Serbia in 1914. Transferred to the Russian front in early 1915, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians in April 1915. After a long hospitalization he was sent to prisoner-of-war camps, where he became acquainted with Bolshevik propaganda . In 1917 he participated in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and, after the October Revolution , joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk , Siberia . Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya (now Kyrgyzstan) and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married a Russian woman and joined the South Slav section of the Bolshevik party. In October 1920 he returned to his native Croatia (then part of the newly established Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) and soon joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY). [PAR] Josip Broz Tito\u2019s birthplace, Kumrovec, Croatia. [PAR] Dennis Jarvis (CC-BY-2.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Communist organizer [PAR] Broz\u2019s career as a communist militant was cut short in December 1920 by a state ban against communist activities. He lost his job in a Zagreb locksmith shop and moved to a nearby village, where he worked as a mill mechanic until 1923. Having revived his links with the underground CPY, he served as a local and regional party functionary and trade union organizer in Croatia and Serbia until 1927, when he joined the CPY committee for Zagreb, quickly becoming its organizational secretary. He promoted a campaign against party functions (the so-called Zagreb Line), thereby attracting the attention of Moscow . Rewarded by being named the Zagreb committee\u2019s political secretary in April 1928, he led street demonstrations against the authorities following the assassination of Croat deputies in the Belgrade parliament in June 1928. His success at reviving the CPY\u2019s vitality was cut short by arrest in August 1928. The police discovered bombs in Broz\u2019s apartment\u2014a testimony to his adherence to the new insurrectionary line of the Comintern , the Soviet-sponsored organization of international communism. During his trial, which ended with sentencing to a five-year term, Broz defended himself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Kahn - Football Team Players Oliver Kahn \u2013 Football Team Players Biography, News and More.. [PAR] 19 Jul [PAR] July 19, 2009 [PAR] Oliver Kahn is one of the best goalkeepers in the world of football. He made his name with Bayern Munich and German national team. Oliver Kahn was instrumental in Bayern Munich\u2019s success over a decade. He won four awards for the best European goalkeeper from UEFA. It was an honour for Kahn to get the golden ball for his tremendous performance during 2002 world cup, in which Germany lost to Brazil in the final. It is a rarity for a goalkeeper to get such an accolade in world football. Oliver Kahn was an absolute presence in the penalty box with attributes like anticipation, agility, strength etc. He was always handy during one to one scenario with opposition players. [PAR] Oliver Kahn was born on 15th June in the year 1969 at Karlsruhe. His full name is Oliver Rolf Kahn. \u201cKing Kahn\u201d is the nickname that his fans gave him. He started his football career with Karlsruher SC during the 1987 season at an age of 18.However he came into prominence only during the 1990 season. During his stint with Karlsruher, the club positioned itself among the elite teams in German football. In 1993/1994 season, Kahn made it to the UEFA cup semi-final with Karlsruher. His performances for Karlsruher attracted Bayern Munich to lure him away from them. [PAR] Bayern Munich paid 2.38million Euros to Karlsruher, then record transfer amount for a goalkeeper. He played 14 seasons with Bayern Munich. He won eight Bundesliga titles with Bayern Munich. He won six German cups and six DFB Ligapokals. In Europe, Kahn had heartbreak at Nou Camp in 1999 when Bayern lost Champions league final to Manchester United during injury time. However, he won champions league with Bayern in 2001.He won UEFA cup in 1996 and Intercontinental cup in 2001 during his Bayern career. He won UEFA fair play award for his performance in 2001 champions\u2019 league final. Kahn holds the record of most clean sheets, 190 of all in Bundesliga. He concluded his Bundesliga career with the match against Hertha Berlin on may 17th 2008. [PAR] Kahn made his debut in German jersey while playing against Switzerland in the year 1995.Though Germany won the 1996-euro cup he was a reserve keeper. Kahn became the No: 1 goalkeeper of German team after the retirement of Andreas Kopke. He had a forgettable euro 2000.He became the caption of Germany in 2000.His performance against England in a 5-1 loss is his worst for Germany, during a 2002 world cup qualifier match. However, Germany made it to the world cup after defeating Ukraine in playoff matches. Kahn was inspirational during the 2002 world cup, for Germany. He led from the front to take Germany to the final where they lost marginally to Brazil. He won the best goalkeeper\u2019s award as well as the golden ball. In euro 2004, Germany went out of the tournament in-group stage. Kahn relinquished captaincy after the tournament. However, he lost his number one position to Jens Lehmann and he was the one who kept the goal for Germany during 2006 world cup. Kahn played only in the third place match against Portugal, which Germany won 3-1.Kahn retired from international football after the 2006 world club. During his international career, he played 86matches.[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Kahn | German football player | Britannica.com Oliver Kahn | German football player | Britannica.com [PAR] German football player [PAR] Alternative Titles: King Kahn, Oliver Rolf Kahn [PAR] Oliver Kahn [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Percheron | breed of horse | Britannica.com Percheron | breed of horse | Britannica.com [PAR] breed of horse [PAR] Connemara [PAR] Percheron, heavy draft- horse breed that originated in the Perche region of France. The breed probably stems from the Flemish \u201cgreat horse\u201d of the Middle Ages; modified by Arabian blood to develop a coach-horse type, it was changed again in the 19th century by introduction of draft-type blood to produce animals for heavy farm work. Although a few Percherons were imported earlier, they did not become popular draft animals in the United States until after 1851. Before mechanization revolutionized farming, Percherons were widespread and influenced American agriculture more than any other draft breed. [PAR] Percheron stallion with black coat. [PAR] \u00a9 Scott Smudsky [PAR] Percherons average 16 to 17 hands (64 to 68 inches, or 163 to 173 cm) high and weigh 1,900 to 2,100 pounds (860 to 950 kg). The head is fairly small and clean cut, the neck long, and the body well muscled. Common colours are black and gray. Percherons are agile and energetic for their size and display a mild disposition . The Percheron Horse Association of America and its predecessor organizations date from 1902. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] horse [PAR] a hoofed, herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae. It comprises a single species, Equus caballus, whose numerous varieties are called breeds. Before the advent of mechanized vehicles, the horse was widely used as a draft animal, and riding on horseback was one of the chief means of transportation.... [PAR] Perche [PAR] region of northern France on the border of Normandy, mainly in the east of the Orne d\u00e9partement, with extensions into neighbouring d\u00e9partements. Formerly a county, it was united with the French crown in 1525. It is largely hilly country, the Perche Hills having summits of about 1,000... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: April 22, 2008 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/animal/Percheron [PAR] Access Date: January 19, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Percheron - Animal World Percheron, Horse Care and Horse Facts About the Percheron Horses [PAR] Hello , so guys"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Overcoming Ophidiophobia - Calm Clinic How to Overcome Ophidiophobia (Fear of Snakes) [PAR] Phobias SHARE [PAR] How to Overcome Ophidiophobia (Fear of Snakes) [PAR] Studies have shown that 1/3 of human adults suffer from ophidiophobia, or the fear of snakes, making it the most common of known phobias. Snakes in various cultures are associated with evil, death, and the end of the world. [PAR] This article will provide information about how ophidiophobia is diagnosed, discuss the theories as to the causes of the phobia, and describe classic therapeutic techniques for treating phobias that you can perform yourself. [PAR] Fear Snakes? [PAR] Snakes are one of the most common phobias in the world. If you find yourself too afraid, make sure you take my free 7 minute anxiety test now to learn how to control it. [PAR] Start the test here . [PAR] Symptoms of the Snake Phobia [PAR] Even though 1/3rd of the US fears snakes, that number is exacerbated by those that fear them only a little. It's the severe fear that requires treatment. Make sure you take my anxiety test to learn more. [PAR] The American Psychiatric Association\u2019s most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines a phobia as having the following symptoms, paraphrased here and explained in terms of the fear of snakes. [PAR] Persistent and Excessive Fear An ophidiophobic may feel anxiety due to either the presence or the anticipation of a snake. Even if the snake is tame or non-venomous, posing no significant threat, an intense fear reaction will take place. In extreme cases, photographs of snakes can be enough to trigger anxiety for a person with this disorder. [PAR] Immediate Anxiety Response The appearance or anticipation of a snake\u2019s presence will instantly cause a state of anxiety in most cases. Panic attacks may ensue in either many or all cases. [PAR] Recognition that Fear is Excessive Most adults with this disorder will recognize that a fear of snakes intense enough to cause panic attacks at the mere sight or expectation of a snake\u2019s presence is an excessive fear. In children with ophidiophobia, this feature may be absent. [PAR] Avoidance of Snakes Contact with snakes will be avoided at all costs. Ophidiophobics may even find it necessary to avoid places where snakes are kept confined, such as zoos or the houses of friends who have or buy snakes as pets, thereby interfering with their lives. Fortunately for many ophidiophobics, wild snakes do not spend much time around people if they can help it, though in places where snake populations are high it can be difficult for ophidiophobics to go outside. [PAR] What Causes Ophidiophobia? [PAR] Ophidiophobia is an anxiety disorder known as a specific phobia. Specific phobias, particularly animal phobias, are thought to develop largely during childhood and may be caused by three separate possible issues: personal, witnessed, or impersonal/learned. [PAR] Personal: A personal fear experience with snakes might involve accidentally stepping on a snake and being bitten, hissed at or otherwise threatened. [PAR] Witnessed: A witnessed fear experience is usually something that happens to a friend or family member. Seeing a loved one threatened or hurt by a snake can be emotionally traumatic and cause snakes to be associated with intense fear for many years afterward. [PAR] Impersonal/Learned: An impersonal/learned fear experience might include hearing about the dangers of snakes through media such as television or radio reports, or through an ophidiophobic family member while growing up. [PAR] In addition to these experiences as factors in ophidiophobia, evolutionary psychologists have theorized that the phobia may also be a partially genetic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jeffrey Archer rewrites Kane and Abel - Telegraph Jeffrey Archer rewrites Kane and Abel - Telegraph [PAR] Book news [PAR] Jeffrey Archer rewrites Kane and Abel [PAR] It has sold more than 34 million copies in 33 different languages but now the author Jeffrey Archer has rewritten Kane and Abel his most successful and famous novel. [PAR] Jeffrey Archer Photo: MARTIN POPE [PAR] By Andrew Pierce [PAR] 10:30PM BST 14 Jun 2009 [PAR] The ultimate tale of sibling rivalry has been redrafted by the Conservative peer to mark the 30th anniversary of its publication this autumn. It will be the 83rd edition of the book which has been published in 97 countries. [PAR] An international best-seller it was number one simultaneously in Britain and the United States and was made into a CBS television miniseries starring Sam Neill as William Kane and Peter Strauss as Abel Rosnovski. [PAR] The tale of two men \u2013 one the son of a Boston millionaire, the other of a penniless Polish immigrant, born on the same day on opposite sides of the world \u2013 tells of fortune and disaster. The book's depiction of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 has echoes of the collapse of the financial markets last year. [PAR] Archer, who has sold more than 250 million books worldwide, originally thought that it would take two or three weeks to 'tweak' the book which came out in 1979 five years after he was forced to quit the House of Commons to avert bankruptcy. But it took him 500 hours over nine months to rework the text. [PAR] He told the Daily Telegraph: \"I just decided, having reread it, that I could improve it. I did not think it would take much. But, in fact, I added some 24,700 words to the original manuscript. But the final copy ended up 7,000 words shorter than the first edition. So I think it's better crafted now after 30 years of writing. But the plot remains the same.'' [PAR] It would be a first for Archer and Macmillan, the publishers, if the revised book returns to the top of the best-sellers after such a long gap. Last year Archer topped the fiction best-seller list for the first time in 10 years with Prisoner of Birth which drew heavily on his two years in prison for perjury. It was Archer's 14th novel."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge - MapQuest San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge San Francisco, CA Bridge - MapQuest [PAR] See a problem? Let us know! [PAR] Although the Golden Gate Bridge is the iconic symbol of San Francisco, the Bay Bridge, as it's known to locals, is the workhorse bridge of the region and forms a vital link between Oakland and San Francisco . Whether you're a local commuter or a tourist on vacation, the Bay Bridge is more than just a way to get between two big cities. It features some of the best views in the region, and the recently rebuilt eastern portion has an attached path, the Bay Bridge Trail, that allows pedestrians and cyclists to use the bridge. [PAR] Parking and public transportation at the Bay Bridge [PAR] Limited parking at the Bay Bridge is available from dawn until dusk on a five-hour basis on the north side of Burma Road, at the intersection of Burma and Maritime Street in Oakland. There are three access points for the trail: the first is at Shellmound Street in Emeryville (near the IKEA store); the second is at the corner of Maritime and Burma in Oakland (just outside the Port of Oakland); and the third is an AC Transit stop at the Bay Bridge toll plaza. [PAR] Best and worst times to go to the Bay Bridge [PAR] For those traveling by car, try to abstain from using the bridge before noon on weekdays to avoid rush-hour traffic. Try visiting the bridge at night to get a fantastic glimpse of San Francisco's illuminated skyline. There's also a lot less traffic. [PAR] Admission to the Bay Bridge [PAR] Tolls are charged only to automobile travelers headed west-bound on the bridge and are as follows: $6 Monday through Friday, 5 a.m.to 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.; $5 on weekends; and $4 all other times. Use of the Bay Bridge Trail is free. [PAR] Must see/do at the Bay Bridge [PAR] The western span into San Francisco features an art and light sculpture called The Bay Lights, with thousands of LED lights set along the cables on the north side of the suspension span. The best view of the lights is from the San Francisco waterfront. Great spots for viewing include the area near the Ferry Building and Pier 14. [PAR] Other places to visit near the Bay Bridge [PAR] When you get across the bridge you'll want to consider checking out Pier 39 in San Francisco, a popular tourist attraction that offers a variety of shops, restaurants, and entertainment options. Another site to see is the infamous Alcatraz Island , which is just a short ferry ride away from the waterfront. Of course, if you visit one bridge you have to visit the other, so visitors should see the Golden Gate Bridge if they hadn't already planned on it. [PAR] Insider tip for visitors to the Bay Bridge [PAR] For now, the Bay Bridge Trail ends just past the bridge tower while construction crews complete the dismantling of the old eastern span of the bridge. Construction of the trail to the bridge's mid-point, Yerba Buena Island, is supposed to be completed by December 2015. Plans to fully extend the trail on the western span, which would form a complete connection between Oakland and San Francisco, are up in the air and have no estimated timetable. As with any other public project in California, don't hold your breath. [PAR] Author's bio: Dennis Biles is a freelance journalist who was born and raised in the Bay Area.[DOC] [TLE] San Francisco"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guy of Gisborne | Richard Armitage character One Shots Guy of Gisborne | Richard Armitage character One Shots [PAR] Richard Armitage character One Shots [PAR] Guy of Gisborne [PAR] This is a songfic for Sir Guy of Gisborne from BBC Robin Hood [PAR] Song: Light by Sleeping at Last [PAR] [PAR] Rose walked alone through Sherwood Forest. It wasn't something she did on a regular basis; it would cause suspicion if she did so and Robin knew when something was wrong with her psyche. And she figured that he noticed something for when she asked if she could take a walk, he replied with a 'Sure. Usual place I take it? If you're not back by sunrise, I'll bring you back here to rest.' [PAR] It wouldn't be the first time she had stayed there all night, fallen asleep and then was captured by the Sheriff's men. Well, Sir Guy to be exact. Not that she really minded, she was half asleep and the Sheriff's henchman was alone. Just a little nudge allowed her to be freed. May have taken half an hour to persuade him (it involved acting drunk, insane and .... insane ) but it worked in the end. Although, she did earn a small, knowing smirk from the man when she saw him the next day. [PAR] A soft, light mist sprinkled the forest floor. The bronze leaves crunching underfoot and the golden, red leaves hanging from the forest canopy. It wouldn't be long until sundown, and that was one of her favourite things to do when she was feeling aggrieved. [PAR] The usual place was always at an old oak tree in the edge of a small clearing. She didn't know why she always returned to it, it just linked to her. Like something that she had lost just lead her there. Almost like a bright light in a dark place. Similar to her mind. There was a darkness that she only escaped from due to a small light that just expanded and she would wake up in Sherwood. Apart from that one time where the darkness was a sack and the light was the sun shining down into the courtyard of Nottingham Castle. That was something she didn't want to experience again. [PAR] The air was still, the only noise being the crunching floor, the leaves that rustled softly atop their branches and the chirping of the last birds, saying goodnight to their friends and families. [PAR] A smile graced her lips as soft childhood memories came back and she found herself running towards the area, feeling like she was a six year old escaping her seven year old brother and her father, her skirts dragging across the floor and picking up all types of twigs and things. The wind flew into her face like an angelic healing touch, and she had a small child like laugh escape her rose lips. [PAR] Rose reached the area after a short while, slowing to a walk where she prowled to the Old Oak, a soft smile still on her lips. She sat in front of the tree, leaning on the trunk of the sixty foot tall wonder. In front was a small lake, a smooth stream spreading it's watery love into the lake continuously as the lake allowed what it did not want to exit into another stream that later led to soft rapids. [PAR] To think that the young Locksley had almost forgotten about the area during her five years in the Holy Land brought disgust to her heart. But being here now reminded"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A history of post boxes | Postbox Solutions A history of post boxes | Postbox Solutions [PAR] A history of Mailboxes, Postboxes and Letterboxes [PAR] A Brief History [PAR] Mailboxes are tools for sending letters. They have a close relationship with humans. Wherever there are communities, there are mailboxes. All mailboxes have their unique stories, shapes, colours, fonts, logo and etc. Their designs are often related to the cultures and historical backgrounds of the countries. Mailboxes are usually durable and persistent. They can stand for centuries through heavy rainfall, strong winds and violent storms. That's why people like collecting them. The stories about mailboxes are just as many as those of the stamps. People who are interested in the history of mailboxes are never discouraged to collect them though the mailboxes are usually huge in size. There are many commercial publications about stamps. Relatively speaking, there are fewer writings about mailboxes. [PAR] It is commonly known that different countries normally have set different colour schemes for their postboxes. The mailboxes in Great Britain are red in colour. Those in the western European countries like France, Germany and Spain the mailboxes are in yellow colour. Those in the East Europe are in light blue while those in Japan are orange. Singapore has white mailboxes. In the US, the mailboxes are darkish blues and its express mailboxes are white and blue. Most letterboxes in China are painted green. This is also true of the mailboxes in its neighbouring areas such as Taiwan and Hong Kong (after the handover). [PAR] Green is the major colour scheme of the mailboxes in China. However, you can see some mailboxes being painted pink in Beijing. They can only be found standing right beside the postal offices. Pink mailboxes are rare in other parts of the world. In Beijing, there is a story to go with those pink mailboxes. It is known to the local people that the pink mailboxes are especially for 'love letters'. Pink represents warmth and harmony. Letters of love and friendship are therefore posted in those pink mailboxes. [PAR] England is the first country where stamps were printed and used. The same went to the use of mailboxes. Research shows that the first mailbox was dated back to 8th February in 1853, being placed in the Union Street. It is believed to be the first mailbox in the world. [PAR] All mailboxes in England bear the royal badges. Whenever there was a change of regime, so was the badge. No wonder, mailboxes bearing royal badge of different regimes on the sides can be found easily everywhere in the streets of England. But there is an exception. Postboxes bearing the Victorian badges can rarely be found in London because most of them had already been destroyed when the German air force bombarded London during World War II. Today most of the mailboxes in England are inscribed with the Royal Badge of the present Queen Elizabeth 2nd. [PAR] In order to have a look at the mailboxes made in Victoria's time, I went to Buxton, Next to the Opera House in Water Street in Buxton; there stands a letterbox which is hexagon in shape. It is believed to be one of the two existing Victorian boxes. They have been in service since 1867. I was deeply impressed by its terrific design. It symbolizes the golden era of arts in the time of King George. The designer is always praised as the pioneer in design of mailboxes. [PAR] Research shows that US is a country with the largest number of car owners and every"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sales and Use Tax Annotations - 440.0000 Sales and Use Tax Annotations - 440.0000 [PAR] BTLG Table of Contents > Sales and Use Tax Annotations > P > 440.0000 Property Used In Manufacturing > entire section [PAR] Sales and Use Tax Annotations [PAR] 440.0000 PROPERTY USED IN MANUFACTURING\u2014Regulation 1525 [PAR] (a) MANUFACTURING AIDS [PAR] (b) PROPERTY BECOMING COMPONENT PART OF FINISHED PRODUCT [PAR] (1) In General [PAR] 440.3680 Wood Pulp Products. [PAR] 440.0000 PROPERTY USED IN MANUFACTURING\u2014Regulation 1525 [PAR] See also Fur Dressers and Dyers. \"Special tooling,\" see also United States Contractors. Water additives, see also Gas, Electricity and Water. [PAR] (a) MANUFACTURING AIDS [PAR] (1) In General [PAR] 440.0010 Application of Tax. If a taxpayer purchases manufacturing aids in a transaction that is subject to sales tax, that taxpayer's subsequent use of the aids to make a finished product is not subject to use tax. There are, however, circumstances in which both the sale and the use of the aids can be subject to tax. If the property is purchased under a resale certificate and the taxpayer makes any use of it other than retention, demonstration or display while holding it for sale in the regular course of business, that use is taxable to the taxpayer. If the taxpayer sells the same property at retail in California after using it, the sale will also be taxable. 3/1/90. [PAR] Back to top [PAR] 440.0020 Basic Application of Tax. The tax applies to the sale of any manufacturing aid which the manufacturer uses before passing title thereto to his customer. [PAR] An important consideration to the taxability of any sale is whether the purchaser of the property sold sells it before he uses it or sells it after he uses it, or purchases it in the capacity of agent. Where property is used before it is sold, the tax applies upon the sale to the user. Where the property is sold before it is used, the sale to the person who sells it before use is not taxable since it is a sale for resale. [PAR] Where the person who uses tooling or other manufacturing aids purchases it as agent of another, the sale to the agent is taxable for that is a sale to the principal, but there is no further tax due when following use the agent turns over the tooling or other aid to his principal, since there can be no sale between a true agent and his principal. [PAR] If there is more than one retail sale of tooling, the tax applies to each retail sale, unless for some other reason there is an exemption such as the exemption of sales to the United States. 1/31/51. [PAR] 440.0040 Basic Application of Tax\u2014Purchasing as Agent or for Resale\u2014Evidence. X, a manufacturer of aircraft parts under contract with Y, an aircraft manufacturer, purchased materials to fabricate tooling which it used to manufacture the parts. X paid use tax on the cost of the materials, claiming to have purchased them as agent, and that it did not actually sell the tooling to Y. It was, however, concluded that X actually sold the tooling to Y and was liable for tax on the selling price of the tooling under evidence that: Y depreciated, and took an investment credit on, the tooling; X, under its contract, retained legal title to the tooling as security for payment of the price; X charged for the tooling the charge including fabrication labor, materials, overhead and general administrative costs, and profit. Under the contract Y had all the benefits of ownership in the tooling,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Melba Sauce? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK What is Melba Sauce? (with pictures) [PAR] What is Melba Sauce? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 07 January 2017 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] These 10 facts about space will blow your mind [PAR] Melba sauce is a type of fruit sauce typically prepared using currant jelly, raspberries, and usually includes some cornstarch or a similar thickener. The resulting sauce is sweet and fruity, and is often associated with a dessert dish called Peach Melba , though it can be drizzled onto any dessert such as ice cream, angel food cake , frozen yogurt , or pudding. Melba sauce is usually made with raspberries, though any similar type of fruit could be used to create a variation of the sauce, which would allow a cook to add some unique flavors to otherwise familiar dishes. [PAR] One of the easiest ways to make Melba sauce is by using a double boiler, with some water in the lower portion over medium heat. A traditional recipe will use raspberries, either fresh or frozen. The berries should be pressed through a sieve to separate the solids and seeds from the juice. Those solids can be used in another recipe if appropriate or discarded, since Melba sauce only requires the juice from the berries. [PAR] The currant jelly and the raspberry juice should be combined in the top of the double boiler and allowed to come up to a boil while mixing. By using a double boiler rather than direct heat, someone making the Melba sauce can more easily avoid scalding or burning the sauce as it comes together. Once it is brought to boiling, some cornstarch, a small amount of salt, and some sugar are added to the mixture and thoroughly combined. [PAR] This mixture is then allowed to cook, with frequent or constant stirring, until it properly thickens and becomes fairly translucent. The resulting Melba sauce will be thick and have a strong berry flavor that is the perfect accompaniment for many different desserts. Berries other than raspberry can also easily be used, following the same method and technique to create a slightly different sauce. [PAR] Peach Melba is made by first blanching a whole peach in boiling water for about 15 seconds, then removing the peach from the water and peeling the skin off. A syrup of sugar, water, and vanilla is then made and heated, into which the skinned peach is placed and allowed to cook for about seven minutes. The peach is then removed from the syrup and allowed to drain and dry for about an hour, before being cut in half and pitted. Each half is placed into a bowl \u2014 the peaches can be warm or chilled \u2014 then Melba sauce is drizzled over each peach half and served. [PAR] Ad"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Free Napoleon Essays and Papers - 123helpme Free Napoleon Essays and Papers [PAR] Color Rating [PAR] [PAR] Napoleon's Lack of Leadership Skills - During his life, Napoleon Bonaparte was a fantastic strategist and military leader. However, he made quite a few mistakes that led him to his fall from power. Through his catastrophic blunders, Napoleon brought about his own downfall. These mistakes included ostracizing France from the rest of Europe through his foreign policies, war mistakes, and oversights that occurred in his final years in power. Because of Napoleon\u2019s errors, he exhausted France\u2019s resources and reduced his allies. Because his political views destroyed France\u2019s relationship with Europe, Napoleon had to over expand his forces to maintain control of Europe.... [tags: Napoleon's Failures] [PAR] :: 3 Works Cited [PAR] [preview] [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte's Leadership and Life - Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15th, 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica. Napoleon emerged as an important figure for reestablishing order in France. Unfortunately, Napoleon\u2019s greed for power led to his fall. He began as a great military leader. He had many goals to organize France and make it a better empire, but the more he accomplished the more he wanted. He made political, economic and social changes in France. He was a determined man and would do anything to get what he wanted. To begin with, Napoleon Bonaparte became the first consul of France.... [tags: Napoleon Bonaparte, leadership, history, France, ] [PAR] 894 words [PAR] [preview] [PAR] Beethoven's Life and Music After Napoleon - Beethoven was a political composer. He stubbornly dedicated his art to the problems of human freedom, justice, progress, and community. The Third Symphony, probably Beethoven's most influential work, centers around a funeral march provoking patriotic ceremonies from the French Revolution. Beethoven was a long time admirer of Napoleon Bonaparte. So he dedicated the symphony to Napoleon, but when Napoleon was proclaimed the Emperor of France, he scratched the dedication to Napoleon. This Symphony is cited as the marking end of Beethoven's classical era and the beginning of musical Romanticism.... [tags: Beethoven, music, Napoleon, ] [PAR] 585 words [PAR] [preview] [PAR] The Mistakes of the Brilliant General, Napoleon Bonaparte - The assumption held by many that Napoleon Bonaparte was a brilliant general and an exceptional leader is debatable when the Frenchman\u2019s many mistakes are revealed. Bonaparte was born to a wealthy family with previous political connections (Wilde 1). He entered a military academy at only nine years old and entered the French Army Artillery Regiment seven years later (Wilde 1). As Bonaparte moved up in the military ranks, he made himself known with his political opinions and his successful leadership of the revolutionaries\u2019 armed forces (Wilde 1).... [tags: Napoleon Bonaparte, military, france, history, ] [PAR] 1039 words [PAR] [preview] [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte Betrayed the Ideas of the French Revolution - Napoleon did not always follow through with his theories and ideas about the well being of France with actions, making him very hypocritical; there are however some contrasting points to suggest that not all his choices were insincere. Therefore his initial claims and theories were not completed, his actions contradicted his preliminary ideas. Consequently, Napoleon betrayed the ideas of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. We can see how Napoleon Bonaparte repeatedly opposed himself in each one of the French Revolutionist areas.... [tags: Napoleon Bonaparte, French Revolution,] [PAR] :: 1 Works Cited [PAR] [preview] [PAR] Ambition and the Downfall of Macbeth, Idi Amin, and, Napoleon Bonaparte - Ambition is a force that helps drive societies forward. When the power of a nation falls in the hands of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? [PAR] Article Updated: 29 Jan , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Here on Earth, we to end to not give our measurements of time much thought. Unless we\u2019re griping about Time Zones, enjoying the extra day of a Leap Year, or contemplating the rationality of Daylight Savings Time, we tend to take it all for granted. But when you consider the fact that increments like a year are entirely relative, dependent on a specific space and place, you begin to see how time really works. [PAR] Here on Earth, we consider a year to be 365 days. Unless of course it\u2019s a Leap Year, which takes place every four years (in which it is 366). But the actual definition of a year is the time it takes our planet to complete a single orbit around the Sun. So if you were to put yourself in another frame of reference \u2013 say, another planet \u2013 a year would work out to something else. Let\u2019s see just how long a year is on the other planets, shall we? [PAR] A Year On Mercury: [PAR] To put it simply, Mercury has an orbital period of 88 days (87.969 to be exact), which means a single year is 88 Earth days \u2013 or the equivalent of about 0.241 Earth years. But here\u2019s the thing. Because of Mercury\u2019s slow rotation (once every 58.646 days) and its rapid orbital speed (47.362 km/s), one day on Mercury actually works out to 175.96 Earth days. [PAR] MESSENGER maps of Mercury \u2013 a monochrome map at 250 m/pixel and an eight-color (left), 1-km/pixel color map. Small gaps will be filled in during the next solar day (right). Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University APL/Carnegie Institution of Washington [PAR] So basically, a single year on Mercury is half as long as a Mercurian (aka. Hermian) day. This is due to Mercury being the closest planet to the Sun, ranging from 46,001,200 km at perihelion to 69,816,900 km at aphelion. At that distance, the planet shoots around the Sun faster than any other in our Solar System and has the shortest year. [PAR] In the course of a year, Mercury experiences intense variations in surface temperature \u2013 ranging from 80 \u00b0K (-193.15 \u00b0C;-315.67 \u00b0F) to 700 \u00b0K (426.85 \u00b0C; 800.33 \u00b0F). However, this is due to the planet\u2019s varying distance from the Sun and its spin, which subjects one side to extended periods of extremely hot temperatures and one side to extended periods of night. Mercury\u2019s low axial tilt (0.034\u00b0) and its rapid orbital period means that there really is no seasonal variation on Mercury. Basically, one part of the year is as hellishly hot, or horribly cold, as any other. [PAR] A Year On Venus: [PAR] The second closest planet to our Sun, Venus completes a single orbit once ever 224.7 days. This means that a single year on Venus works out to about 0.6152 Earth years. But, once again, things are complicated by the fact that Venus has an unusual rotation period. In fact, Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis \u2013 the slowest rotation of any planet \u2013 and its rotation is retrograde to its orbital path. [PAR] The planet Venus, as imagined by the Magellan 10 mission. Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Combined with its orbital period, this means that a single solar day on Venus (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pomerania, Baltic Sea Coast and Kashubia - Poland Travel EN-GB Pomerania, Baltic Sea and Kashubia \u2013 the best tourist region in Poland [PAR] Pomerania, Baltic Sea Coast and Kashubia [PAR] Add to notes [PAR] A A A [PAR] \"Have you ever been to the Long Market in the evening? This is a unique street in Gdansk that should be seen at just that time. The streetlights are just coming on, tables in the cafes and the restaurants are just starting to fill and the historic buildings create a fairytale atmosphere. Just a weekend is enough to fall in love with Gdansk. This city has a great history, it was once part of the rich trail of the Hanseatic League and it was here that Solidarity was born, the movement that finally toppled communism in Europe. Freedom can be felt here at every step! \" [PAR] This region in north-western Poland with its 300 miles of Baltic coastline, the Pomeranian Lake District and the \"Swiss-like\" Kaszubian District is among the most attractive tourist regions in the country. Its territory covers both the West Pomeranian Voivodship, with its capital Szczecin and the Pomeranian Voivodship having the capital of Gdansk. The Kaszubian lands lay to the south-east of Gdansk and are inhabited today by more than 200,000 descendants of the Slav tribe, the \"Kashubians\", maintaining the traditions of their language and culture. [PAR] Important Locations and Historical Monuments [PAR] Baltic Coast [PAR] Szczecin, with its population of around 420,000, is the capital city of Western Pomerania. It is located by the River Odra, some 40 miles from the Baltic Coast which can be reached by boat and sailing through the Bay of Szczecin. Szczecin is a large busy port as well as an important junction for water and land transportation and a major industrial, educational, scientific and cultural centre. Its old churches include the Gothic cathedral of St Jacob the Apostle (14th century), the Gothic Church of St Peter and St Paul (15th century) and the Franciscan church built between the 13th and 14th centuries. Reconstructed after the damaged sustained during World War II, the Castle of the Pomeranian Princes with its famous clock tower is now used as a focal point for cultural and artistic events. The 18th century Harbour Gate, the Gate of Prussian Homage as well as the Tower of the Seven Cloaks are all that has remained of the former city fortifications. The \"Waly Chrobrego\" is the popular promenade running along the bank of the River Odra. [PAR] Swinoujscie is a port city and health resort. It is located next to the border with Germany, partly on Uznam Island and partly on Wolin Island. The recreation park here was founded in the mid 19th century. The Museum of Sea Fishery is situated at Plac Rybaka 1. A lighthouse stands at the estuary of the River Swina, built in the mid 19th century which now has the distinction of being the highest on the Polish coast (223 feet). [PAR] Wolin Island, with its popular beach resort of Miedzyzdroje and two health resort of Miedzywodzie and Dziwnow offer, not only 15 miles of coastal sandy beaches but also a remarkable National Park and a popular golf course with both 9 and 18 hole courses. The Wolin National Park covers only about one fifth of the island's total area but stretches from the cliff coast near Miedzyzdroje as far as the Bay of Szczecin. Many hiking trails run across the moraine landscape dominated by beech forests. A bison reserve within the National park is worthy of particular attention. [PAR] Further"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Osbourne: Adrenaline Junkie (TV Series 2005\u2013 ) - IMDb Jack Osbourne: Adrenaline Junkie (TV Series 2005\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 130 titles [PAR] created 23 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 538 titles [PAR] created 28 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 438 titles [PAR] created 30 Sep 2015 [PAR] Title: Jack Osbourne: Adrenaline Junkie (2005\u2013 ) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] 1 October 2005 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Jack Osbourne: Adrenaline Junkie 2 See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Inspirational, great enjoyment to watch! [PAR] 8 September 2007 | by chisroar [PAR] (United Kingdom) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] This show is awesome, so OK it's some rich kid in it named Jack Osbourne, but I think what he's done with himself is wonderful. We know him as the little fatty who sat at home, played computer games and got wasted. I'm sure a lot of us just sit at home, or go out and get drunk now and then, not really taking proper care of our bodies, or never ever experiencing anything REALLY exciting. Jack Osbourne decided it was time for a change, and since he has the publicity and money to do it, then why not? Better yet he's brought a frickin camera crew with him! It's very inspiration to watch, the 3rd series follows him taking 5 other recruits from rough backgrounds. You can see how they are changing throughout it, they're doing stuff other than being stuck in Britain living the monotonous everyday life, they're jumping off buildings, trekking through the jungle, freezing in Lapland, pushing their bodies, seeing the world, and getting lovely rushes of adrenaline which some people probably never fully experience. [PAR] It's well worth a watch, and exciting too, you feel for the recruits when they're pushed to bungee jump off giant buildings, I find myself on the edge of my seat going \"omg he's not gonna do it..WAIT HE IS\" and then I fee happy for them :D Put your opinions of Jack Osbourne aside, and enjoy what you could do if you scraped some cash together (you know, for one of those adventure treks or something? :P). [PAR] 2 of 9 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Osteomalacia is a softening of the bones-[Good Tcm Net] Osteomalacia is a softening of the bones-[Good Tcm Net] [PAR] Osteomalacia is a softening of the bones [PAR] Updated: Saturday, Jun 19,2010, 11:01:25 AM [PAR] A [PAR] Osteomalacia is a softening of the bones [PAR] Osteomalacia is a bone softening. When it occurs in children, it is called rickets. Symptoms include bone pain or tenderness, such as vertebrae, teeth damage, growth problems and increased fracture risk, the curvature, skeletal deformities. [PAR] There are many things can cause this situation. 1, for example, is a vitamin deficiency of vitamin D are four on the body to properly absorb and use calcium. Both calcium and vitamin D contribute to the formation of strong bones, so any shortfall may lead to bone weakening. You can have a lack of vitamin D, due to inappropriate diet and / or insufficient exposure to sunlight. Digestive problems or kidney disease can cause this condition and. [PAR] American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that all children, since the first days of life, get vitamin D, vitamin D to prevent rickets and lack. Children need an intake of 400 international units of vitamin (international units) per day \u00d0. This includes children who are breast-feeding. [PAR] As more and more attention to the most recent studies have shown an increase of rickets, especially in urban areas. When rickets was diagnosed, injury is often to do so. Sunlight can be a major source of vitamin D, but sunlight is difficult to measure. Factors such as pigment levels in the baby's skin, and skin contact, it will affect how much vitamin D the body produces from sunlight. Sunlight, of course, a double-edged sword. So a person's childhood years in the sun can cause skin damage and even skin cancer later in life. Children should wear sunscreen when they are carried out in the sun. Sun, however, prevent the skin to make vitamin d [PAR] Exclusive breastfeeding of infants, but also vitamin D deficiency rickets with increased risk. This is because breast milk usually contain only a small amount of vitamin research and development, not enough to prevent rickets. [PAR] A problem with the absorption of fat contribute to osteomalacia. If the body can not absorb fat, it is a problem with the use of vitamin D can also cause kidney disease in this situation. Depending on the etiology, treatment can include the development of oral vitamin supplements, and calcium and phosphorus. If rickets is not promptly correct the child, he or she may have permanent bone problems."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Bundesliga? - Football Bible What is Bundesliga? [PAR] What is Bundesliga? [PAR] A professional association football league in Germany with the highest average stadium attendance worldwide [PAR] Founded: 1962 (first season started in 1963) [PAR] Confederation: UEFA [PAR] Number of Teams: 18 [PAR] Country: Germany [PAR] The Bundesliga is a German professional football league. There are eighteen teams competing at the top tier of the competition in a season. [PAR] Clubs are ranked according to the points earned during the entire season and the bottom-placed teams are relegated to the second tier football league referred to as 2. Bundesliga (second Bundesliga). The top teams in the 2. Bundesliga are then promoted to replace the relegated ones in the next competition. [PAR] History and Origin [PAR] The Bundesliga was founded in 1962 by the Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Bund (German Football Association) and the first season of the competition was held the following year. Earlier on, German football was typically played at an amateur level where champions were determined through play-off matches between the winners of local tournaments. [PAR] The German Football Association, in existence since 1900, pushed for the formation of the league as a response to the numerous calls urging the introduction of professionalism in the sport within the region. It was also a move to curb the exit by talented players from the unprofessional and semi-professional regional leagues to other countries across Europe with established professional leagues. [PAR] There were five competitive leagues at the time of formation, representing the North, South, West, South West and Berlin regions of West Germany. Sixteen teams made it to the inaugural 1963-64 season which saw 1. FC Koln emerge as the first German club champions. On the other hand, East Germany ran a separate league formed earlier in 1950 called the DDR-Liga or DDR-Oberliga. [PAR] Competitiveness developed gradually in the end of 1960\u2019s and the 70s saw remarkable talents from the region play at international levels, the likes of Gerd Muller, Sepp Maier, Franz Beckenbauer, Jupp Heynckes and Paul Breitner, considered to be in the list of the best football players ever regardless of their playing positions. Rivalries between clubs like Bayern Munich and Bayern Monchengladbach arose, with the former moving on to dominate in the 80s. [PAR] The competition has undergone different changes related to participation and the level of competition in the sport. Nonetheless, it faced a fair share of challenges in its development though the competition has turned out to be a success over the 52 years of its existence. Currently, the Bundesliga is one of the strongest football professional leagues in the world, coming third according to UEFA\u2019s leagues ranking. [PAR] The league has undergone notable development over the decades which make it unique in various aspects. For instance, Bundesliga has managed to surpass other prominent leagues in terms of the highest average attendance, an achievement largely attributed to the low ticket prices that fans are charged. [PAR] Structure and Competition [PAR] The Deutsche Fu\u00dfball Liga (German Football League) took over from the German Football Association in 2000 to run the Bundesliga. A season of the competition starts in August and runs until May, with a winter break between December and January. Each club plays two matches against every other club at the competition, one at home and the other away. Three points are awarded to the winner, zero points for the losing team and one point for each side in the case of a draw. The teams are ranked as per the number of points garnered over the whole season and the team with most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Political Map of Libya, Egypt, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea ... Political Map of Libya, Egypt, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Central African Republic, Somalia - Atlapedia\u00ae Online [PAR] Somalia [PAR] Somalia is located on the Horn of Africa in East Africa. It is bound by Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the west, Kenya to the southwest, the Indian Ocean to the east and the Gulf of Aden to the north.... [PAR] Sudan [PAR] Sudan is located in North East Africa. It is bound by Egypt to the north, Libya to the northwest, Chad to the west, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the south, Uganda and Kenya to the southeast, Ethiopia and Eritrea to the east and the Red Sea to the northeast...."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LER Elite 1 | Rugby League International Scores LER Elite 1 | Rugby League International Scores [PAR] RLIS TV \u2013 Lezignan vs. Pia 2008\u2013Elite 1 Championships Grand Final Highlights [PAR] By Daniel Andruczyk This week on Rugby League International Scores TV, the Elite 1 Championship Grand Final 2008 played in Beziers France. It was a very hot May afternoon and Lezignan were looking to win their first trophy in several years. They would end up being triumphant. So enjoy the Highlights Package. Lezignan v Pia \u2013 2008 Grand Final However the real controversy was in the match before the main... [PAR] 4 Nations Finalists Confirmed [PAR] By Daniel Andruczyk This weekend saw a big weekend of international rugby league and only one domestic season playing. In France Lezignan remain undefeated 5 rounds into the LER Elite 1 competition while internationally the 4 Nations finalists have been decided despite a round still to go. The inaugural Nordic Cup was played and the Junior Kiwis and Junior Kangaroos fought out a topsy turvy match. France \u2013 Elite... [PAR] No Rest for the Best [PAR] By Daniel Andruczyk This weekend the best sport in the world continues to show off its talents. Not only are there the international tournaments continuing but the only Christmas Professional domestic comp is well into its season. France In France the fourth round of the Elite 1 was played. Carcassonne lost to Pia 26-33. Lezignan trounced the St Gaudens/Toulouse merger 76-6. Limoux and Villeneuve played out a... [PAR] World League : The International Rugby League Show [PAR] By Daniel Andruczyk Yep you read right! There is an International Rugby League show! Myself (Daniel Andruczyk) and Chris West at hkcradio on Tuesday nights will be discussing all things to do with International Rugby League. The RLIS website has undergone a revamp as well and a round up of the weekends results with some absolute pearler games in Europe! The rumour mill also makes an appearance. World League World... [PAR] War has been declared. [PAR] By Daniel Andruczyk Its that time of year when civil war erupts on the Eastern Seaboard of Australia. Yes its State of Origin time again. However there is just as much news happening else where around the world. The French are coming close to the end of their season. The NRL keeps throwing up some amazing scores and super league is coming along nicely. Some news on the drop out of Belgium from the European Bowl and... [PAR] Thank the Maker for the Ditch! [PAR] By Daniel Andruczyk Well those of us who are Antipodeans will know what the title refers to, and no its not some mass grave somewhere. I offcourse refer to the Tasman Sea and that it separates us and the Eastern Territory \u2013 New Zealand. I say this with love, I don\u2019t say it with anything against our brothers, I only say it because its the only thing that keeps us from continually sending our sporting teams over... [PAR] Don\u2019t Tell Us We Don\u2019t Have a Team! [PAR] By Daniel Andruczyk No unfortunately this is not the promised blog on the Storm controversy, that is coming, I still need to get the summary of the weeks international results out, and am awaiting on some more info. But in light of that the Storm and their fans showed that the one thing you should never do to an Australian is tell them they cant do or have something! The Storm certainly showed that. In Serbia the... [PAR] Germany Win Scandinavian Cup, Central Asian Tour, Tonga and the Round Up. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ceremony of the Keys at Tower of London - About.com Travel Ceremony of the Keys at Tower of London [PAR] By Laura Porter [PAR] Updated March 23, 2016. [PAR] The Ceremony of the Keys at The Tower of London is a 700 year old tradition that takes place every night. Essentially it's locking all the doors to the Tower of London and the public are allowed to escort the warden, as long as they apply in advance. [PAR] The Ceremony of the Keys involves the formal locking of the gates at the Tower of London . As the Tower must be locked - it houses the Crown Jewels ! - the Ceremony of the Keys has happened every night for around 700 years. Literally, they never miss a night because you can't leave the door open, can you? [PAR] What Happens During The Ceremony of the Keys? [PAR] The Chief Yeoman Warder is escorted around the Tower locking all the doors until he is 'challenged' by the sentry whom he must answer before completing the task. The same wording is used every night. [PAR] Visitors are admitted to the Tower under escort at 21.30 (9.30pm) precisely. Between 40-50 visitors are admitted to watch the Ceremony of the Keys each night. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Before Your Road Trip, Watch This [PAR] (Latecomers are not admitted as there is a strict schedule.) [PAR] Every night, at exactly 21.52 (eight minutes to 10pm), the Chief Yeoman Warder of the Tower comes out of the Byward Tower, dressed in red, carrying a candle lantern in one hand and the Queen's Keys in the other hand. [PAR] He walks to Traitor's Gate to meet two/four members of the duty regiment Foot Guards who escort him throughout the ceremony. One soldier takes the lantern and they walk in step to the outer gate. All guards and sentries on duty salute the Queen's Keys as they pass. [PAR] The Warder locks the outer gate and they walk back to lock the oak gates of the Middle and Byward Towers. [PAR] All three then return towards Traitor's Gate where a sentry awaits them. [PAR] Sentry: \"Halt, who comes there?\" [PAR] Chief Yeoman Warder: \"The Keys!\" [PAR] Sentry: \"Whose Keys?\" [PAR] Warder: \"Queen Elizabeth's Keys.\" [PAR] Sentry: \"Pass Queen Elizabeth's Keys and all's well.\" [PAR] All four men walk to the Bloody Tower archway and up towards the broadwalk steps where the main Guard is drawn up. The Chief Yeoman Warder and escort halt at the foot of the steps and the officer in charge gives the command to the Guard and escort to present arms. [PAR] The Chief Yeoman Warder moves two paces forward, raises his Tudor bonnet high in the air and calls \"God preserve Queen Elizabeth.\" The guard answers \"Amen\" exactly as the clock chimes 10pm (22.00) and 'The Duty Drummer' sounds The Last Post on his bugle. [PAR] The Chief Yeoman Warder takes the keys back to the Queen's House and the Guard is dismissed. [PAR] Visitors are escorted to the exit at 22.05 (10.05pm). [PAR] Review [PAR] I attended the Ceremony of the Keys on a dry, dark October evening. There were about 50 people in the group and the Yeoman Warder who escorted us was very theatrical and entertaining. He was strict about no photography and mobile phones off so don't forget. [PAR] As the ceremony itself is very short, he gave us a talk about the Tower of London and it's history, as well as what would happen in the ceremony, while we were waiting. We"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fine Italian wines: Barbaresco - sunnyfinch s.r.l. Fine Italian wines: Barbaresco [PAR] Fine Italian wines [PAR] Barbaresco or Barolo? [PAR] [PAR] The Barbaresco wine, like Barolo, is made entirely from the vinification of Nebbiolo grapes. The oldest indigenous grape variety in Piemonte, according to the Barolo and Barbaresco consortium. [PAR] [PAR] Devoted enthusiasts and experienced wine tasters regularly purchase these two important Piemonte wines to delight in the variety of their manifold nuances for the nose and palate. They are, in fact, both made from grapes variety \"nebbiolo\" but the grapes ripen in different kinds of territory each with its own individual characteristics. [PAR] May be of interest...[DOC] [TLE] Fine Italian wines: Barolo - sunnyfinch.com Fine Italian wines: Barolo [PAR] Fine Italian wines [PAR] [PAR] Barolo is one of the best Italian wines. [PAR] When you taste a good example you can appreciate why it has such a good reputation. [PAR] [PAR] If nature consents and the producer makes the best of his skills, Barolo is a really delicious wine. [PAR] [PAR] Of a rare elegance. To be purchased and treasured in your own cellar. [PAR] [PAR] Barolo can age up to 20 years and more. [PAR] You can go back and taste another example from the same harvest, during the same arc of time, and discover new nuances of aromas and fragrances, as they evolve in elegance and sophistication."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Site where Wallace made Scots Guardian uncovered in ... Site where Wallace made Scots Guardian uncovered in Selkirk - The Scotsman [PAR] Site where Wallace made Scots Guardian uncovered in Selkirk [PAR] William Wallace. Picture: Ian Rutherford [PAR] GEORGE MAIR [PAR] Have your say [PAR] Archaeologists believe they have uncovered the remains of the medieval Borders kirk where Sir William Wallace was appointed Guardian of Scotland more than 700 years ago. [PAR] The Scottish hero was made Guardian of Scotland in 1297, after defeating the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. [PAR] A ceremony took place in front of gathered nobles and clergy in the Kirk o\u2019 the Forest, in Selkirk. The scene was depicted in Mel Gibson\u2019s Oscar-winning epic Braveheart, but the church itself was demolished and later churches built on the site in the 16th and 18th centuries. [PAR] A geophysics survey carried out within the ruins of the 18th century Auld Kirk was expected to show traces of its 16th century predecessor. [PAR] Instead, it revealed the remains of a medieval chapel, pinpointing the spot where Wallace was honoured. [PAR] Dr Chris Bowles, Scottish Borders Council\u2019s archaeologist, said: \u201cThe association between William Wallace and this area is quite well documented, with Wallace using guerrilla tactics to fight the English from the Ettrick Forest. [PAR] \u201cWe knew vaguely this site was associated with Wallace, and the Scottish nobles made him Guardian of Scotland at the Kirk o\u2019 the Forest in recognition of his military successes. [PAR] \u201cWe had been expecting the survey to uncover a 16th century church that we know to have existed and which was a replacement to the medieval church, but the only evidence in the survey is in relation to the medieval church. [PAR] \u201cWhat we found was the foundation footprint of a medieval chapel within the footprint of the 18th century church. There are certainly wall lines forming an east-west aligned rectangle. The measurements are similar to St Margaret\u2019s Chapel in Edinburgh Castle and point to it possibly being a Romanesque chapel. [PAR] \u201cIf it is the Kirk o\u2019 the Forest, it is where Wallace was honoured. He went on to become the legendary figure he remains today.\u201d [PAR] Dr Bowles, who commissioned the survey by the University of Durham in conjunction with the Selkirk Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS), said: \u201dIt was in the back of my mind that if we found any evidence of the medieval church we could have something that could be an attraction to people..[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - William Wallace BBC - History - William Wallace [PAR] z [PAR] William Wallace \u00a9 Wallace led the Scottish rebellion against Edward I and inflicted a famous defeat on the English army at Stirling Bridge. He is remembered as a patriot and national hero. [PAR] William Wallace was born in the 1270s in Elderslie in Renfrewshire into a gentry family. Very little is known about his early years and there are significant periods of his life for which there are no reliable sources. [PAR] In 1296, Edward I of England had taken advantage of a succession crisis in Scotland and imposed himself as ruler with an English administration. Within months, Scottish unrest was widespread. [PAR] In May 1297, Wallace attacked the town of Lanark, killing the English sheriff and unrest quickly became full-blown rebellion. Men flocked to join Wallace and he began to drive the English out of Fife and Perthshire. In September 1297, Wallace defeated a much larger English force at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. This and subsequent military successes severely weakened the English"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Angles - Free Math Help Types of Angles - Free Math Help [PAR] All About Angles [PAR] Types of Angles [PAR] You've certainly used the word \"angle\" in common life, but it also has an important meaning in mathematics. One subject you'll want to be familiar with is the different types, or classifications, of angles, determined by the measure of the angle. This page is a simple, easy-to-follow beginner's guide to the different types of angles. [PAR] Three Main Types of Angles [PAR] Acute - any angle which measures less than 90 degrees. These angles appear \"sharp,\" like the blade on a knife. [PAR] Example: The angle ABC measures 40 degrees. Angle ABC is acute. [PAR] Right - any angle which measures exactly 90 degrees. These are like the edges of a wooden block. [PAR] Sample: The angle CAT measures 90 degrees. The angle CAT is a right angle. [PAR] Obtuse - any angle which measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees. These are \"fat\" angles that are very wide. [PAR] Sample: angle DEF measures 125 degrees. Then angle DEF is obtuse. [PAR] Special Case [PAR] Straight - any angle which measures exactly 180 degrees. This isn't even really an angle... it's just a straight line! [PAR] Sample: Points ABC lie on line L forming a STRAIGHT LINE. Then line L is a straight line. [PAR] Relationships between several angles [PAR] Vertical Angles - Two angles formed by intersecting lines. They can not be adjacent but are always equal in measure. They are across from one another in the corners of the \"X\" formed by the lines. [PAR] In the above picture, angles 1 and 3 and angles 2 and 4 are vertical because they are across from each other. Now, angles 1 and 2 and angles 3 and 4 are NOT vertical angles. [PAR] Complementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees. [PAR] Sample: angle A = 30 degrees and and angle B = 60 degrees. [PAR] Then angle A + angle B = 90 degrees. We can say angles A and B are complementary. [PAR] Supplementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees. Supplementary angles can be placed so that they form a straight line. [PAR] Sample: angle A = 80 degrees and angle B = 100 degrees. Then angle A + angle B = 180 degrees. We can say that angles A and B are supplementary. [PAR] \u00a9 2016 Free Math Help. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Other Sport | Horse Racing | Red Rum: Aintree ... BBC SPORT | Other Sport | Horse Racing | Red Rum: Aintree favourite [PAR] Red Rum: Aintree favourite [PAR] Red Rum is not just a racing hero, he is a sporting legend. [PAR] His feats on the racecourse remain unsurpassed and his place in the public's affection is undiminished 25 years after the end of his career. [PAR] RED RUM FACTFILE [PAR] Main jockeys: Brian Fletcher, Tommy Stack [PAR] Career highlights: Three Grand National wins (also second twice); Scottish Grand National [PAR] His death made the front pages of the national newspapers and his name is still probably the first that non-turf fans will give when asked to name a racehorse. [PAR] Red Rum's legend centres not just around his amazing feats on the racecourse but also the circumstances in which he achieved them. [PAR] He was bred to be a sprinter but ended up - after overcoming a career-threatening disease - winning one of the world's most arduous steeplechases not just once, but three times. [PAR] His sound jumping (he fell just once in over 100 races), stamina and bravery were perfectly suited to the demanding Grand National fences and his record of three wins (and two seconds) will surely never be matched. [PAR] Red Rum was bred in Ireland and sold for a mere 400 guineas as a yearling. [PAR] Appropriately, he ran his first race at Aintree, and dead-heated for first. [PAR] Potential disaster struck relatively early in his career when Red Rum was diagnosed as suffering from pedalostitis, a debilitating bone disease which can cripple horses. [PAR] In stepped Southport trainer Donald 'Ginger' McCain, who bought the horse for 6,000 guineas for owner Noel le Mare. [PAR] McCain's training regime, which took place on the local beach, proved effective in curing Red Rum of his bone problems. [PAR] The horse then won five races and as a consequence started joint favourite for the 1973 Grand National. [PAR] Ironically, Red Rum was the villain of the piece in his first victory in a race that witnessed one of the classic Grand National finishes. [PAR] Crisp, ridden by Richard Pitman and carrying the top weight of 12 stone, had led for the entire second circuit and jumped the final fence more than 15 lengths clear of Red Rum, under Brian Fletcher. [PAR] There will never be another horse like him [PAR] Red Rum's trainer Ginger McCain [PAR] But Crisp was tiring dramatically and Red Rum, carrying 23 pounds less, managed to reel in his rival on the notoriously long run-in to snatch victory on the winning line by just three-quarters of a length. [PAR] The time of nine minutes, 1.9 seconds set a new record, 20 seconds faster than the previous best mark, and one which would stand for another 16 years. [PAR] The following year it was Red Rum's turn to shoulder the top weight and, guided once again by Fletcher, he cruised home to become the first - and to date last - back-to-back winner since Reynoldstown in 1936. [PAR] Three weeks later, he won the Scottish Grand National carrying 11st 13lb. [PAR] He is the only horse to have achieved this double - a statue of the horse at Ayr now marks the feat. [PAR] The 1975 National saw Red Rum, a heavily backed 7/2 favourite beaten into second place by L'Escargot. [PAR] The following year, ridden for the first time by Tommy Stack, Red Rum again came second, this time losing out to Rag Trade. [PAR] By the time"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indian Peas And Cauliflower Recipe - Allrecipes.com Indian Peas And Cauliflower Recipe - Allrecipes.com [PAR] passion_cook [PAR] 11/18/2007 [PAR] you forgot to put any masala in it.... with littlebit of garam masala and peprika poweder, it will taste like an indian gobi.. cauliflower.. [PAR] MOMMYOFPEPPER [PAR] 1/6/2006 [PAR] my husband is Indian and this just didn't have enough \"kick\" for us. If you like it mild then it should be good for you. [PAR] SunnyByrd [PAR] 9/7/2009 [PAR] This is a nice, clean and simple side dish for an Indian meal. Some of the reviewers are wanting it to be something else. Please note that the recipe calls for cumin *seed*, not ground cumin, wh... [PAR] rhymeswith16 [PAR] 9/7/2008 [PAR] way too much cumin. if you try this, I suggest cutting the cauliflower as small as possible. it was difficult to toss the seeds and oil to get the vegetables fully covered. I might try it agai..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Princess and the Pea - Hans Christian Andersen - Fairy ... The Princess and the Pea - Hans Christian Andersen - Fairy Tales [PAR] Hans Christian Andersen - Fairy Tales [PAR] The Princess and the Pea [PAR] Hans Christian Andersen (1835) [PAR] Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess. [PAR] One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it. [PAR] It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess. [PAR] \u201cWell, we\u2019ll soon find that out,\u201d thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses. [PAR] On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept. [PAR] \u201cOh, very badly!\u201d said she. \u201cI have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It\u2019s horrible!\u201d [PAR] Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds. [PAR] Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that. [PAR] So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it. [PAR] There, that is a true story."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The NKVD agents Philby, Burgess, Maclean and Blunt were ... Cambridge Five spy ring members 'hopeless drunks' - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Cambridge Five spy ring members 'hopeless drunks' [PAR] 7 July 2014 [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption Guy Burgess and Donald Duart Maclean were constantly drunk, the files say [PAR] Members of the \"Cambridge Five\" spy ring were seen by their Soviet handlers as hopeless drunks incapable of keeping secrets, newly-released files suggest. [PAR] Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, \"Kim\" Philby and Anthony Blunt were recruited as Soviet spies while at Cambridge University in the 1930s. [PAR] There may have been a fifth spy in the ring, possibly John Cairncross. [PAR] Documents from the Mitrokhin Archive have been made publicly available for the first time. [PAR] The FBI described them as the most complete intelligence ever received. [PAR] Major Vasili Mitrokhin smuggled the information out of Soviet archives during 12 years working for the KGB. [PAR] Who were the Cambridge Five? [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Maclean, Burgess, Philby and Blunt were British members of a KGB spy ring that penetrated the intelligence system of the UK and passed vital information to the Soviets during World War Two and the early stages of the Cold War. [PAR] While teaching at Cambridge University, Blunt was influential in recruiting the other three, who were all students there. [PAR] Burgess became a journalist after he left university, but on the outbreak of war joined MI6. [PAR] Maclean was in the Foreign Office during the same period. [PAR] In 1951, tipped off by Philby that they were under suspicion, Burgess and Maclean defected to the Soviet Union, where they spent the rest of their lives. [PAR] Philby defected in 1963 - the same year Blunt was discovered by the British intelligence services. He was offered immunity in return for information. [PAR] He defected to Britain in 1992. [PAR] Among the thousands of pages of documents are profiles outlining the characteristics of Britons who spied for the Soviet Union. [PAR] They include references to Donald Duart Maclean and Guy Burgess, two of the five men recruited while studying at the University of Cambridge during the 1930s. [PAR] A short passage describes Burgess as a man \"constantly under the influence of alcohol\". [PAR] Written in Russian, it goes on to recount one occasion when Burgess drunkenly risked exposing his double identity. [PAR] \"Once on his way out of a pub, he managed to drop one of the files of documents he had taken from the Foreign Office on the pavement,\" translator Svetlana Lokhova explained. [PAR] Moving on to Maclean, the note describes him as \"not very good at keeping secrets\". [PAR] It adds he was \"constantly drunk\" and binged on alcohol. [PAR] It was believed he had told one of his lovers and his brother about his work as a Soviet agent while he was the worse for wear, the file adds. [PAR] The notes also provide an insight into the extent of the group's activity as they helped the KGB penetrate the UK's intelligence network at the highest level. [PAR] They describe how Burgess alone handed over 389 top secret documents to the KGB in the first six months of 1945 along with a further 168 in December 1949. [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images and VT Freezeframe [PAR] Image caption Kim Philby, Anthony Blunt and a man believed to be John Cairncross were also in the Cambridge spy ring [PAR] Image caption The men had been graduates of Trinity College, Cambridge [PAR] Along with Kim Philby, Anthony Blunt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myanmar's kyat: Asia's best currency to date this year ... Myanmar's kyat: Asia's best currency to date this year, Economy News & Top Stories - The Straits Times [PAR] The Straits Times [PAR] ePaper [PAR] Myanmar's kyat: Asia's best currency to date this year [PAR] A man counts 1,000 kyat notes at a black market petrol stall in Yangon, Myanmar. PHOTO: BLOOMBERG NEWS [PAR] Published [PAR] http://str.sg/433o [PAR] Copy [PAR] SINGAPORE (BLOOMBERG) - Myanmar's kyat has become Asia's top currency of 2016, a clear sign the nation is starting to emerge from decades of isolation. [PAR] Spurred by Aung San Suu Kyi's victory in the country's first open elections since 1990, the kyat is up more than 10 per cent, finally on track for an annual gain after falling every year since a managed float in 2012. [PAR] A series of reforms has revitalized Myanmar's economy and society since the military junta was officially dissolved in 2011, and the nation's opening-up has accelerated since Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy party won elections in November. Cash is pouring in now, laying the foundations for further appreciation. [PAR] For Andrew Lee, who returned to the country of his birth four years ago to open General Electric's business there, the kyat's rally is proof that he made the right choice. A stronger currency is essential for the burgeoning economy, he says, making imports cheaper while reducing the cost of funding government infrastructure projects in dollars. [PAR] \"The appreciation is good for the economy,\" said Mr Lee, who moved to the US with his family aged 12 in 1979, when Myanmar was in the grip of a military dictatorship. \"We're optimistic about the new government. We know there's still a lot of work to be done on the country's infrastructure.\" [PAR] While Suu Kyi herself is constitutionally barred from the presidency, she's widely seen as the power behind the throne, and the NLD's first act on taking power in March was to grant her the new role of \"state councilor,\" with the formal power to advise the new government. The daughter of 1940s independence leader Aung San, her life story was the subject of the 2011 film, The Lady. [PAR] New leadership is helping inspire confidence. The Asian Development Bank predicts Myanmar's economy will grow faster than its neighbors, with expansion exceeding 8 percent in 2016 and early 2017 as the nation starts to attract the US$80 billion it needs for power, transport and technology projects through 2030. [PAR] Foreign direct investment increased by US$1.48 billion to US$9.48 billion in the financial year ended March 31, according to a government-controlled newspaper. Inflows are set to increase after the US lifted sanctions on 10 state-owned enterprises and banks in May, though other trading restrictions remain in place. [PAR] \"There could be a lot of FDI coming into the country as soon as the sanctions are removed, in which case we would see the kyat strengthen,\" said Nicolas Nguyen, country manager for Myanmar at investment firm Rising Dragon, who moved to Yangon three years ago. [PAR] Asian banks see Myanmar's currency continuing to beat its Asian peers. Malayan Banking Bhd sees the kyat strengthening as much as 19 per cent toward a two-year high of 1,000 per US dollar by early 2017, from 1,186 on Tuesday. New Crossroads Asia, an investment advisory business in Yangon, predicts it will reach 1,150 within the next three months as prices climb for commodities Myanmar exports such as gas, wood products and legumes. [PAR] The kyat is rebounding from a 21 pe rcent loss in 2015 and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Do the Seven Spikes on the Statue of Liberty's Crown ... What Do the Seven Spikes on the Statue of Liberty's Crown Represent? | USA Today [PAR] What Do the Seven Spikes on the Statue of Liberty's Crown Represent? [PAR] The Statue of Liberty is a well-known attraction located in New York. [PAR] (Photo: Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images ) [PAR] Walking Up the Statue of Liberty [PAR] The Statue of Liberty, which is made of copper and steel, stands on Liberty Island, which is located in New York Harbor. The seven spikes on the crown of the statue represent the seven seas and continents of the world, according to the National Park Service. [PAR] History [PAR] The statue, whose formal name is \"Liberty Enlightening the World,\" was dedicated in 1886 by President Grover Cleveland. It was a gift from France, designed by the sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. It was shipped to the US in 214 crates and weighed a total of 225 tons. Once assembled, the statue initially functioned as a lighthouse and was administered by the U.S. Lighthouse Board. [PAR] The Crown [PAR] To reach the crown of the statue, visitors must climb 354 steps, or the equivalent of 20 floors, up a twisting staircase. At the top, there is a view overlooking New York Harbor. The area inside the crown is cramped, interior temperatures may be 20 degrees warmer than outside, and there is no access or exit other than the single narrow staircase. Visitors only may bring medicines and cameras into the statue, according to the National Park Service. [PAR] Reservations [PAR] Visitors who want to visit the crown must make advance reservations, at 877-523-9849. Reservations for the crown may be made no more than six months in advance. One person may reserve a maximum of four tickets. They are only good for the reserved date and time, and may not be transferred. Visitors may secure personal belongings in the locker room facility before climbing up to the crown. [PAR] Additional Information [PAR] The Statue of Liberty is 305 feet, 1 inch tall and faces southeast. Access to the statue is by ferries, which sail from New York and New Jersey. The National Park Service has the right to cancel reservations at any time for weather, safety, hazardous conditions or other reasons, as necessary. After the Twin Towers were attacked by terrorists in 2001, the statue was closed to visitors until July 4, 2009, although the lower observation deck and pedestal were opened again in 2004. [PAR] References"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 23 Original Tales | Peter Rabbit The 23 Original Tales | Peter Rabbit [PAR] The 23 Original Tales [PAR] The Tale of Peter Rabbit [PAR] 1902 [PAR] The Tale of Peter Rabbit was first published by Frederick Warne in 1902 and endures as Beatrix Potter\u2019s most popular and well-loved tale. It tells the story of a very mischievous rabbit and the trouble he encounters in Mr McGregor\u2019s vegetable garden! [PAR] The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin [PAR] 1903 [PAR] Beatrix Potter\u2019s famous tale of a naughty squirrel who loses his tail. Nutkin, his brother Twinkleberry and all his cousins make their way over to Owl Island to gather nuts, but Old Brown, the terrifying owl guardian of the island, has decided he has had enough of silly Nutkin\u2019s cheekiness! [PAR] The Tailor of Gloucester [PAR] 1903 [PAR] This tale tells the story of a poor tailor trying to survive in his freezing workshop over a hard winter. He has a terribly important commission to complete before Christmas Day, but is ill and tired. Luckily some very kind mice live in the dresser and set about helping the tailor with his work. [PAR] The Tale of Benjamin Bunny [PAR] 1904 [PAR] Peter Rabbit\u2019s cousin, Benjamin Bunny, has been a very popular character since this book\u2019s first publication in 1904. In this tale, we hear all about his and Peter\u2019s adventures in Mr McGregor\u2019s vegetable garden, and what happens to them when they meet a cat! [PAR] The Tale of Two Bad Mice [PAR] 1904 [PAR] Chaos ensues when Tom Thumb and Hunca Munca, two naughty little mice, creep into Lucinda and Jane\u2019s doll\u2019s house one morning. They set about taking things to make their little home more comfortable, but end up creating a terrible mess. [PAR] The Tale of Mrs Tiggy-Winkle [PAR] 1905 [PAR] A little girl called Lucie discovers a hidden home high in the hills. She knocks on the door, and meets Mrs Tiggy-Winkle who does all the washing and ironing for the neighbouring animals. Lucie spends a lovely day helping her, but it\u2019s only later that she realises Mrs Tiggy-Winkle is a hedgehog! [PAR] The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan [PAR] 1905 [PAR] The Tale of the Pie and the Patty Pan features the houses, gardens and streets of the village of Sawrey, where Beatrix Potter lived, at Hill Top, her first farm. The inhabitants, however, are animals rather than people, and problems arise when Ribby the cat invites Duchess the dog to tea. [PAR] The Tale of Mr Jeremy Fisher [PAR] 1906 [PAR] This tale tells of an optimistic and slightly accident-prone frog, who sets off on a fishing expedition across the pond, only to find himself bitten on the toe by a water-beetle, fighting with a stickleback, and eventually nearly eaten by a trout! [PAR] The Story of a Fierce Bad Rabbit [PAR] 1906 [PAR] This, along with The Tale of Miss Moppet, was intended for very young children. It is a simple tale of what befalls a rude little rabbit that doesn\u2019t say \u2018please\u2019 before he takes something that belongs to someone else. [PAR] The Story of Miss Moppet [PAR] 1906 [PAR] The Story of Miss Moppet recounts the tale of a pussy cat, Miss Moppet, chasing a mouse. It turns out to be a bit of a battle of wits, and who do you think will win? [PAR] The Tale of Tom Kitten [PAR] 1907 [PAR] This tale is set in the cottage garden Beatrix created herself at Hill Top, the farm she owned near the village of Sawrey. Tom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zee James - Wife of Jesse James - Legends of America Zee James - Wife of Jesse James [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] By this time, the James-Younger Gang had ceased to exist with the capture of the Younger brothers during the Northfield, Minnesota raid in 1876. However, Jesse had started a \"new\" James Gang that continued to rob trains, the last of which occurred on September 7, 1881 near Glendale, Missouri . Shortly after this hold-up, Jesse moved his family to St. Joseph , Missouri where they settled in under Jesse\ufffds assumed name of Tom Howard. With a $10,000 reward over his head, Zee tried to get Jesse to take on a more normal life. And Jesse agreed, right after one last great bank robbery in Platte County, Missouri . It was during the planning of this robbery in a meeting with Charles and Robert \"Bob\" Ford at Jesse's home, that Jesse would be killed by Bob on April 3, 1882. [PAR] [PAR] Sadly, Zee and her children were in the kitchen when the shooting occurred. At the deafening sound of the gun blast, young Jesse, Jr. ran into the living room to find his father on the floor with blood pouring from his head. Zee then began to scream as little Mary started crying. Though Zee tried desperately to stop the blood, it was too late, her husband was already dead. [PAR] [PAR] Bob Ford was already out the door and Charles spent a few moments trying to tell her how the gun had gone off accidentally. Then, he too, made a quick exit, running after his brother. [PAR] [PAR] In no time, the word spread of the shooting and crowds began to gather around the home talking incessantly about the killing of the notorious outlaw, Jesse James . Young Jesse, Jr., who was only six at the time, didn't even know who \" Jesse James \" was, believing his father's name was \"John Davis Howard\ufffd and his own name to be \"Tim Howard.\" [PAR] [PAR] After his death, Jesse was packed on ice and taken by train to Kearney, Missouri where he was displayed and viewed by hundreds of friends, admirers, and curiosity seekers. Later he was buried on the family farm in a plot near the house so that Jesse's mother, Zerelda, could keep an eye out for trespassers or souvenir hunters. [PAR] [PAR] When Jesse was killed, most people assumed that he had left a wealthy widow, but that was not the case at all. In fact, the only valuables that they owned were a few weapons, a bit of stolen jewelry, and assorted memorabilia. Soon, most everything in the household was put up for auction in order to pay the creditors. Zee and her children were then forced to move in with her brother in Kansas City.[DOC] [TLE] Elder Family History Research - Frank and Jesse James History Elder Family History Research - Frank and Jesse James History [PAR] Reprinted from Dorsey Dreams The Dorsey Family Newsletter, [PAR] January - March 1984, Vol. II, No. 2, Page 70 - 74, Lois Colette Dorsey Bennington, editor. [PAR] Family Members of Special Interest [PAR] Without commenting on the lives that Frank and Jesse James lived, and to what motivated them to lead the kind of lives they led, I include their family in this Volume because they were descended from the DORSEY line. [PAR] ALEXANDER FRANK JAMES [PAR] B. 10 January 1843, Kearney (Clay) Missouri [PAR] M. June of 1874 to Annie Ralston, daughter of Samuel Ralston at Omaha, Nebraska [PAR] D. 18 February 1915, Kearney"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Would you spend $40 a pound for a cup of Jamaica Blue ... Would you spend $40 a pound for a cup of Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee? [PAR] 55, wow. [PAR] SkippyFlipjack [PAR] I\u2019d love to be someone who could really appreciated the difference between Blue Bottle (a Bay Area and NYC gourmet variety) and Starbucks, but to me all coffee is divided into two types: nasty coffee and Mmm, that\u2019s good coffee. [PAR] That said, I\u2019m not sure that it\u2019s so easy to appreciate the difference between coffees when covering up the flavor with cream and sugar. I usually drink it black because I find that\u2019s the way to really get the flavor of the coffee. (Unless it\u2019s \u2018nasty coffee\u2019, then cream and sugar is required.) [PAR] If you want to go full-gourmet, look up civet coffee (mentioned below) or the elephant variety which is a higher-volume (yes, exactly) method of producing something similar. (I only read about the elephant method recently; they charge something like $50 for a cup and they don\u2019t ship.) [PAR] Carl Kerstann [PAR] I bought Blue Mountain a couple of years ago, it must not have been as fashionable then, I don\u2019t remember it being that expensive. It was good but I prefer my French dark roast. I\u2019ll have to try the sweetened condensed milk even though I certainly don\u2019t need the fat or calories. [PAR] Merv [PAR] Lets see I take the really good coffee I get now for $11 a pound and add $30 to it to get Blue Mountain. There better be some fairy dust in it to make me pay the difference. [PAR] kevinbgoode [PAR] I have a sample bag of Jamaican Blue Mountain at the office \u2013 this was included with my last online coffee order. I haven\u2019t tried it yet, but am sure the office junkies will have a report, especially since we are in education and this is final exam week! [PAR] As a side note \u2013 I\u2019m a bit spoiled and order my coffee online \u2013 it is freshly roasted that day or the next and shipped immediately. It might sound expensive, but isn\u2019t really that much more than buying an upscale brand like Caribou or Starbucks in the supermarket \u2013 and the taste is just wonderful. And the price range is really about $12-13 a pound for most blends \u2013 that, of course, wouldn\u2019t include Jamaican Blue Mountain. I won\u2019t put a link here since John is reviewing a sample from another company. . .but it really isn\u2019t much more expensive. I regularly take some of the beans to the office and everyone loves it, no matter what flavor or blend I\u2019ve selected. [PAR] Robertogee [PAR] BTW . . . coffee beans in freezer = BAD. Google it. (I used to think it = GOOD too. I was wrong.) [PAR] Robertogee [PAR] To each her and his own. I have never understood the appeal of Jamaican Blue Mountain. The curiosity factor made me try it, initially, over 20 years ago. As I recall, it was about $20 a pound then. [PAR] Bland and blah. [PAR] Recently tried another cup in a coffee shop. Because I hadn\u2019t tried it in 20 years. Because they suggested it. [PAR] Bland and blah again. [PAR] So I STILL don\u2019t get it. [PAR] Yes, I\u2019m a coffee snob. Hario Skerton ceramic grinder. Chemex. Lean toward French Roasts or blends from Whole Foods. [PAR] JBM is simply, and remains, the most boring coffee (at any price) I\u2019ve ever consumed in my life. But to each their own. [PAR] Whispers2u"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many medals will Canada win in Sochi? - Calgary ... How many medals will Canada win in Sochi? - Calgary | Globalnews.ca [PAR] February 7, 2014 2:31 pm [PAR] Updated: February 7, 2014 10:35 pm [PAR] How many medals will Canada win in Sochi? [PAR] By Brendan Parker Sports Reporter Global News [PAR] Canada's Drew Doughty (8) waves a Canadian flag after the men's ice hockey medal ceremony at the Vancouver 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Sunday, Feb. 28, 2010. [PAR] THE CANADIAN PRESS/AP/Chris O'Meara [PAR] What is this? [PAR] Sponsored content is written by Global News' editorial staff without any editorial influence by the sponsor. If you'd like to learn more... [PAR] X [PAR] What is this? [PAR] Sponsored content is written by Global News' without any editorial influence by the sponsor. If you'd like to learn more... [PAR] - [PAR] CALGARY \u2013 As the winter games get underway in Sochi, some are speculating on how many medals Canada will win. [PAR] Global Calgary\u2019s Brendan Parker gives us his predictions: [PAR] Ambitious and attainable [PAR] Team Canada has not backed off of their goal at these Olympics. Win the most medals. [PAR] Just like 2010, the mission is to be the number one nation in the medal standings. Canada finished just shy of that goal in Vancouver, winning 26 medals, good for 3rd. But, their 14 gold medals was the most of any country. [PAR] Anne Merklinger, CEO of the Own the Podium program, raised the expectations more modestly. \u201cImprove our medal ranking \u2026 but most importantly, we want to win more medals than we did in Vancouver.\u201d [PAR] While the goals are ambitious, without question they are attainable. [PAR] After spending the last few months watching and talking to many of our top Olympic athletes, I\u2019ve compiled a list of where to expect Canadian medals during the games. [PAR] Alpine Skiing: [PAR] The Canadian Cowboys are motivated to end a 20 medal drought at the Olympics, and they\u2019re in a great position to do so. Erik Guay is the leader, after setting the record for the most World Cup podiums by a Canadian. Calgary native Jan Hudec and Manny Osborne-Paradis are also capable of winning a medal. [PAR] On the women\u2019s side, Marie-Michele Gagnon has had some very strong results this world cup season, and will be a threat in the women\u2019s super-combined. [PAR] BP\u2019s Medal Projection: 2 [PAR] Bobsleigh: [PAR] Kaillie Humphries and Heather Moyse are together again, trying to defend their gold from 2010. It would be a big upset if they weren\u2019t on the podium, they are gold medal favourites. Humphries had an incredible 15 consecutive podium streak end earlier this season. On the men\u2019s side Lyndon Rush, Chris Spring and Justin Kripps will all pilot a sled, and all have been on the podium this season in either 2man and 4man. [PAR] BP\u2019s Medal Projection: 2 [PAR] Cross-Country Skiing: [PAR] The Canadian Cross Country ski team has never been a better place. Led by Alex Harvey and Devon Kershaw, the men are more than capable of winning the first Olympic men\u2019s medal. A 4th place finish in 2010 still fuels both guys, and they\u2019re peaking at the right time. Canmore\u2019s Ivan Babikov is also a threat in distance races. [PAR] BP\u2019s Medal Projection: 2 [PAR] Curling: [PAR] Since curling made it\u2019s debut in 1998, Canada has never missed the podium, winning 3 gold medals. With two of Canada\u2019s top rinks in Jennifer Jones and Brad Jacobs, this will not be the year. It would be a disappointment if both teams"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - IMDb The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Rocky Horror Picture Show ( 1975 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] A newly engaged couple have a breakdown in an isolated area and must pay a call to the bizarre residence of Dr. Frank-N-Furter. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 10 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 07 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 02 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 33 images [PAR] created 20 Dec 2015 [PAR] Title: The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A straitlaced, square couple, seeking shelter from a storm, find themselves in the castle of a transgender alien mad scientist intent on creating a buff bodybuilder. [PAR] Director: Kenny Ortega [PAR] Good girl Sandy and greaser Danny fell in love over the summer. When they unexpectedly discover they're now in the same high school, will they be able to rekindle their romance? [PAR] Director: Randal Kleiser [PAR] A nerdy florist finds his chance for success and romance with the help of a giant man-eating plant who demands to be fed. [PAR] Director: Frank Oz [PAR] A live stage production of the musical, filmed at the Playhouse Theatre in London, commemorating the 40th anniversary of the release of The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975). [PAR] Director: Christopher Luscombe [PAR] A poet falls for a beautiful courtesan whom a jealous duke covets. [PAR] Director: Baz Luhrmann [PAR] A female girlie club entertainer in Weimar Republic era Berlin romances two men while the Nazi Party rises to power around them. [PAR] Director: Bob Fosse [PAR] Two youngsters from rival New York City gangs fall in love, but tensions between their respective friends build toward tragedy. [PAR] Directors: Jerome Robbins, Robert Wise [PAR] Stars: Natalie Wood, George Chakiris, Richard Beymer [PAR] Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. [PAR] Director: Rob Marshall [PAR] Fifteen years after murdering his sister on Halloween night 1963, Michael Myers escapes from a mental hospital and returns to the small town of Haddonfield to kill again. [PAR] Director: John Carpenter [PAR] A couple of recently deceased ghosts contract the services of a \"bio-exorcist\" in order to remove the obnoxious new owners of their house. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Cady Heron is a hit with The Plastics, the A-list girl clique at her new school, until she makes the mistake of falling for Aaron Samuels, the ex-boyfriend of alpha Plastic Regina George. [PAR] Director: Mark Waters [PAR] A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] It's the weird and wonderful as newly engaged couple Brad and Janet encounter a problem when their car"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sheffield Wednesday F.C. Crest & Club History Sheffield Wednesday F.C. Crest & Club History [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday F.C. [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday F.C. [PAR] The district of Owlerton not only gave Sheffield Wednesday FC its nickname, it also provided the inspiration for the design of the club's crest. [PAR] Today's crest (shown right) has been in use since 1995 (with the minor addition of a copyright symbol in 2002) and shows the familiar modern image of an owl sitting on the letters 'SWFC' (the abbreviation of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club). Also evident is the club's year of formation (Sheffield Wednesday having been one of the early clubs in the game). The crest is also often displayed with the full club name reproduced below it (as here). [PAR] The first version of the club crest (shown left) shows a more traditional owl, perched on a branch, accompanied by the rose of Yorkshire and sheaves taken from the Council's arms and completed with the motto, 'Consilio et Animis'. This - roughly translated - means 'Intelligence and Courage' (although could also have various similar meanings). [PAR] By 1970 the club introduced a 'plain owl' crest which, through on-going development to achieve a more 'sophisticated image', became the crest as used today. [PAR] Thanks to Steve Chu (Communications Manager at Sheffield Wednesday FC) and Han van Eijden (co-author of 'The Beautiful History: Crests, Colours and Nicknames Revealed', due out Summer 2004) for the above crests and information.[DOC] [TLE] How Sheffield Wednesday returned from wilderness to stand ... How Sheffield Wednesday returned from wilderness to stand on verge of big time | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday [PAR] How Sheffield Wednesday returned from wilderness to stand on verge of big time [PAR] Wednesday face Hull City in the play-off final aiming to end a 16-year exile from the Premier League during which they twice fell into League One [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday celebrate Kieran Lee\u2019s goal against Brighton in the play-off semi-final first leg. The club are on the rise under their Thai owner, Dejphon Chansiri. Photograph: Reuters [PAR] Friday 27 May 2016 12.49 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 27 May 2016 08.00 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] As with so many cautionary tales in football, alcohol, arrogance, overweening ambition and alarming financial mismanagement were all partly responsible for Sheffield Wednesday\u2019s initial downfall. All part of the start of what has turned into a 16-year exile from English football\u2019s top tier. [PAR] This season their supporters began singing \u201cwe\u2019re on our way back\u201d before the 3\u20110 League Cup victory against Arsenal in October and will be upping the volume at Wembley on Saturday. Beat Hull City in the Championship play-off final and Wednesday really will have returned from the wilderness. [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday and Hull aim to make the most of unexpected chances [PAR] Read more [PAR] They fell an awful long way before January 2015, when the club was sold to Dejphon Chansiri , a Thai businessman whose family firm is the world\u2019s largest producer of canned tuna, and last June, when a Portuguese coach, Carlos Carvalhal, became their 11th manager in 15 largely depressing years. [PAR] Benito Carbone believes it might never have gone wrong were it not for a row about the odd pint of beer. The alice-banded Italian midfielder and his compatriot Paolo Di Canio had formed a near telepathic on-pitch bond at Hillsborough in the mid- to late 90s but a damaging dressing-room schism was already developing. \u201cPlaying with Paolo at Wednesday was magical,\u201d Carbone recently recalled. \u201cBut there were problems in the dressing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diameter - definition of diameter by The Free Dictionary Diameter - definition of diameter by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Diameter - definition of diameter by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/diameter [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. Abbr. d or diam. Mathematics [PAR] a. A straight line segment passing through the center of a figure, especially of a circle or sphere, and terminating at the periphery. [PAR] b. The length of such a segment. [PAR] 2. Thickness or width. [PAR] 3. A unit of magnification equal to the number of times an object's linear dimensions is increased by the magnifying apparatus. [PAR] [Middle English diametre, from Old French, from Latin diametrus, from Greek diametros (gramm\u0113), diagonal (line) : dia-, dia- + metron, measure; see m\u0113-2 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] di\u00b7am\u2032e\u00b7tral (-tr\u0259l) adj. [PAR] diameter [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Mathematics) [PAR] a. a straight line connecting the centre of a geometric figure, esp a circle or sphere, with two points on the perimeter or surface [PAR] b. the length of such a line [PAR] 2. the thickness of something, esp with circular cross section [PAR] [C14: from Medieval Latin diametrus, variant of Latin diametros, from Greek: diameter, diagonal, from dia- + metron measure] [PAR] di\u2022am\u2022e\u2022ter [PAR] it is one metre in diameter \u2192 misura un metro di diametro [PAR] diameter [PAR] (dai\u02c8\u04d5mit\u0259) noun [PAR] (the length of) a straight line drawn from side to side of a circle, passing through its centre. Could you measure the diameter of that circle? middellyn, deursnee \u0642\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0631 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0440 di\u00e2metro pr\u016fm\u011br der Durchmesser diameter \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 di\u00e1metro diameeter, l\u00e4bim\u00f5\u00f5t \u0642\u0637\u0631 halkaisija diam\u00e8tre \u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 dijametar, promjer \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151 garis tengah \u00feverm\u00e1l diametro \u76f4\u5f84 \uc9c1\uacbd diametras diametrs diameter middellijn diameter , tverrm\u00e5l \u015brednica \u0642\u0637\u0631 (\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0647): \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u0693 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u067e\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 di\u00e2metro dia\u00admetru \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 priemer premer pre\u010dnik diameter \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e32\u0e28\u0e39\u0e19\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07 \u00e7ap \u76f4\u5f91 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440; \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u76f4\u5f84 [PAR] diameter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NATO phonetic alphabet - Military Wiki - Wikia NATO phonetic alphabet | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet . [PAR] FAA radiotelephony alphabet and Morse code chart [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet, more accurately known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet and also called the ICAO phonetic or ICAO spelling alphabet, as well as the ITU phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used spelling alphabet. Although often called \"phonetic alphabets\", spelling alphabets do not have any association with phonetic transcription systems, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet . Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned code words acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet so that critical combinations of letters and numbers can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of their native language or the presence of transmission static. [PAR] The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Some of the 26 words have altered pronunciations: Charlie can be either \"char-lee\" or \"shar-lee\", and Uniform is either \"you-nee-form\" or \"oo-nee-form\", neither of which is the English pronunciation of the word. Oscar is pronounced \"oss-cah\" and Victor as \"vik-tah\" without the 'r', even by people who would normally pronounce it. Papa is pronounced \"Pa-PAH\" with the accent on the second syllable instead of the first. The code word Quebec is pronounced as French \"keh-beck\". The ICAO and FAA use the standard number words of English (zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine) with four altered pronunciations (tree, fower, fife, niner), whereas the ITU and IMO use ten code words for numbers (nadazero, unaone, bissotwo, terrathree, kartefour, pantafive, soxisix, setteseven, octoeight, novenine). [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] After the phonetic alphabet was developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) (see history below) it was adopted by many other international and national organizations, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the American Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), and the American Radio Relay League (ARRL). It is a subset of the much older International Code of Signals (INTERCO), which originally included visual signals by flags or flashing light, sound signals by whistle, siren, foghorn, or bell, as well as one, two, or three letter codes for many phrases. [1] The same alphabetic code words are used by all agencies, but each agency chooses one of two different sets of numeric code words. NATO uses the regular English numeric words (Zero, One, with some alternative pronunciations), whereas the IMO provides for compound numeric words (Nadazero, Unaone, Bissotwo...). In practice these are used very rarely, as they frequently result in confusion between speakers of different languages. [PAR] NATO [PAR] Edit [PAR] A common name for this spelling alphabet, \"NATO phonetic alphabet,\" exists because it appears in Allied Tactical Publication ATP-1, Volume II: Allied Maritime Signal and Maneuvering Book used by all allied navies of NATO, which adopted a modified form of the International Code of Signals. Because the latter allows messages to be spelled via flags or Morse code , it naturally named the code words used to spell out messages by voice its \"phonetic alphabet\". The name NATO phonetic alphabet became widespread because the signals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our History | Falkland Islands Government Our History | Falkland Islands Government [PAR] Back [PAR] Our History [PAR] The Falkland Islands had no indigenous population prior to their settlement by our ancestors\u2013 the Islands were entirely unoccupied. First claimed by Britain in 1765, the British, French and Spanish periodically had garrisons in the Islands until 1811, when all the garrisons were withdrawn. Subsequently, British and American ships frequently visited the islands. [PAR] On 6th October 1832, an Argentine military garrison landed in an attempt to establish Argentine sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, disregarding the British claim of 67 years prior. Less than 3 months later, on 2nd January 1833, the Royal Navy evicted the Argentine military garrison with no loss of life. The civilian population in the Islands, who had sought permission from Britain to live there, were invited to stay. All but two of them, with their partners, did so. A year later, a small, permanent British administration was established. With an increasing population, in 1845 Stanley was founded, and remains our Capital to this day. [PAR] We enjoyed a peaceful existence until 1st April 1982, when an Argentine military force invaded our home. For 74 days we lived under foreign occupation, until our liberation by British forces on 14th June 1982. Nearly 1000 Falkland Islands, British and Argentine lives were lost as a result of this act of aggression. [PAR] Since 1982, our lives have been transformed following the establishment of commercial fisheries. Financially self-sufficient and almost entirely self-governing, we determine our own future and way of life. [PAR] Our community today has been formed through voluntary immigration and settlement over the course of nearly two hundred years. We are a diverse society, with people from over 60 nations having made the Islands their home. At out heart are those Falkland Islanders whose families have been in the Islands for nine generations. [PAR] For a comprehensive timeline of events in the Falkland Islands and in South Georgia, you may wish to read Main Events in the History of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia compiled by David Tatham. The timeline is also available in Spanish here: Principales Eventos en la Historia de las Islas Falkland y Georgia del Sur [PAR] Historical dates [PAR] 1592 First recorded sighting on August 14, by English sea captain John Davis in the ship \u2018Desire\u2019. [PAR] 1594 First recorded claim on February 2, by Richard Hawkins for Queen Elizabeth I [PAR] 1690 First recorded landing made by English navigator, Captain John Strong in his ship the \u2018Welfare\u2019. He named the channel dividing the two main islands \u2018Falkland Sound\u2019 after Viscount Falkland, then Treasurer of the Royal Navy. [PAR] Over the years several French ships visited the Islands, which they called Les Iles Malouines after the French port of St. Malo. [PAR] 1740 Lord Anson passed the Islands on an exploration voyage and urged Britain to consider them as a preliminary step to establishing a base near Cape Horn. [PAR] 1764 The French diplomat and explorer, Louis Antoine de Bougainville, established a settlement at Port Louis on East Falkland. [PAR] 1765 Unaware of the French settlement, Commodore John Byron landed at Port Egmont on West Falkland and took possession of the Islands for the British Crown. [PAR] 1766 Captain John MacBride established a British settlement at Port Egmont. [PAR] The Spanish Government protested about the French settlement and Bougainville was forced to surrender his interests in the Islands in return for an agreed sum of money. A Spanish Governor was appointed and Port Louis was renamed Puerto de la Soledad, and placed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alban, First Martyr of Britain Alban, First Martyr of Britain [PAR] There were probably Christians in the British Isles already in the first century. However, Alban is the first recorded Christian martyr. The traditional date of his death is 304, during the persecution under the Emperor Diocletian; but many scholars now date it as around 209, during the persecution under the Emperor Septimius Severus. Alban was a pagan, and a soldier in the Roman Army. He gave shelter to a Christian priest who was fleeing from arrest, and in the next few days the two talked at length, and Alban became a Christian. When officers came in search of the priest, Alban met them, dressed in the priest's cloak, and they mistook him for the priest and arrested him. He refused to renounce his new faith, and was beheaded. He thus became the first Christian martyr in Britain. The second was the executioner who was to kill him, but who heard his testimony and was so impressed that he became a Christian on the spot, and refused to kill Alban. The third was the priest, who when he learned that Alban had been arrested in his place, hurried to the court in the hope of saving Alban by turning himself in. The place of their deaths is near the site of St. Alban's Cathedral today. [PAR] PRAYER (traditional language) [PAR] Almighty God, by whose grace and power thy holy martyr Alban Triumphed over suffering and was faithful even unto death: Grant to us, who now remember him with thanksgiving, to be so faithful in our witness to thee in this world, that we may receive with him the crown of life; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. [PAR] PRAYER (contemporary language) [PAR] Almighty God, by whose grace and power your holy martyr Alban Triumphed over suffering and was faithful even unto death: Grant to us, who now remember him with thanksgiving, to be so faithful in our witness to you in this world, that we may receive with him the crown of life; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. [PAR] Psalm 34:1-8 or 31:1-5"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amaranthus caudatus 'Love Lies Bleeding' Red Seeds Amaranthus caudatus 'Love Lies Bleeding' Red Seeds [PAR] Description [PAR] Details [PAR] Amaranthus caudatus is the hanging or drooping amaranthus, the deep red variety also known as Love-Lies-Bleeding. [PAR] Well-grown plants are spectacular bushy half-hardy annuals with large, almost tropical leaves, over and through which the familiar tassels cascade to the ground. Each of these fascinating crimson or purple tassels is a colony of tightly packed, tiny flowers and lasts for many weeks on the plant. [PAR] Watering plants well in dry weather, feeding regularly and supporting the heavily laden stems if necessary, all help to produce the longest tassels. With neglect it will flower when only a very few inches high, but with generous treatment, specimens three or four feet or more with enormous drooping tassels of red flowers can be obtained. [PAR] This ever-popular annual is perhaps more versatile than you might imagine \u2013 good in the border, most effective as a cut flower in arrangements, a good pot-plant and, not often appreciated \u2013 if carefully dried, the colour of the spikes remains unchanged for a considerable time. [PAR] Sowing: Sow in late spring or early summer. [PAR] Amaranthus seeds can be either sown early indoors or directly where they are to flower. They are susceptible to frost so be sure to sow only after the last chance of frost has past and the soil has warmed a little. [PAR] Amaranthus prefers high light levels after germination and prefer a sunny situation. They will tolerate some shade but should receive sun half the day or more. [PAR] Sowing Indoors: [PAR] Seeds may be started indoors at around 21\u00b0C (70\u00b0F) 6 to 8 weeks before it is safe to plant outside, Sow into pots or trays filled with finely sifted compost. Lightly cover seed with soil, and make sure the seedlings have plenty of light and protection from cold. Germination is usually around 10 to 14 days. [PAR] Seedlings should be ready to transplant in three to four weeks depending on cell size. The plants grow quickly and each cell will need to be potted on fairly soon to prevent premature flowering. Transplant to 7cm (3in) pots containing sieved compost to grow on Transplant outdoors in late May or early June into moist, well-drained soil, 30 to 45cm (12 to 18in) apart. [PAR] Sowing Direct: [PAR] If sowing directly where they are to flower, prepare the ground well and rake to a fine tilth. If sowing more than one annual in the same bed, mark the sowing areas with a ring of sand and label. Ensure that any weeds are removed, especially during the early stages of growth. In cooler climates they will grow faster under a cloche or plastic tunnel. [PAR] Sow in early summer when soil temperatures are above 21\u00b0C (70\u00b0F). Sow thinly 1mm (\u00bc in) deep in rows 30cm (12\u201d) apart. Thin out once they have reached 5cm (3in). The seedlings will appear in rows and can be easily told from nearby weed seedlings. Continue to thin the seedlings out so they are finally 30cm (12\u201d) apart by early summer. [PAR] Cultivation: [PAR] Pinch out the centre stem to encourage side branching. Water regularly and fertilise with a water soluble balanced fertiliser. The plants are surprisingly stable for such an apparently top heavy plant, however if grown in an open, more exposed situation, a bit of support will help you to enjoy this plant right through until autumn. [PAR] At the end of the season leave a few plants to die down and self seed, others can"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The importance of soil organic matter - fao.org The importance of soil organic matter [PAR] Chapter 2. Organic matter decomposition and the soil food web [PAR] Soil organic matter [PAR] When plant residues are returned to the soil, various organic compounds undergo decomposition. Decomposition is a biological process that includes the physical breakdown and biochemical transformation of complex organic molecules of dead material into simpler organic and inorganic molecules (Juma, 1998). [PAR] The continual addition of decaying plant residues to the soil surface contributes to the biological activity and the carbon cycling process in the soil. Breakdown of soil organic matter and root growth and decay also contribute to these processes. Carbon cycling is the continuous transformation of organic and inorganic carbon compounds by plants and micro- and macro-organisms between the soil, plants and the atmosphere (Figure 2) [PAR] FIGURE 2 [PAR] Carbon cycle [PAR] Decomposition of organic matter is largely a biological process that occurs naturally. Its speed is determined by three major factors: soil organisms, the physical environment and the quality of the organic matter (Brussaard, 1994). In the decomposition process, different products are released: carbon dioxide (CO2), energy, water, plant nutrients and resynthesized organic carbon compounds. Successive decomposition of dead material and modified organic matter results in the formation of a more complex organic matter called humus (Juma, 1998). This process is called humification. Humus affects soil properties. As it slowly decomposes, it colours the soil darker; increases soil aggregation and aggregate stability; increases the CEC (the ability to attract and retain nutrients); and contributes N, P and other nutrients. [PAR] Soil organisms, including micro-organisms, use soil organic matter as food. As they break down the organic matter, any excess nutrients (N, P and S) are released into the soil in forms that plants can use. This release process is called mineralization. The waste products produced by micro-organisms are also soil organic matter. This waste material is less decomposable than the original plant and animal material, but it can be used by a large number of organisms. By breaking down carbon structures and rebuilding new ones or storing the C into their own biomass, soil biota plays the most important role in nutrient cycling processes and, thus, in the ability of a soil to provide the crop with sufficient nutrients to harvest a healthy product. The organic matter content, especially the more stable humus, increases the capacity to store water and store (sequester) C from the atmosphere. [PAR] The soil food web [PAR] The soil ecosystem (Box 1) can be defined as an interdependent life-support system composed of air, water, minerals, organic matter, and macro- and micro-organisms, all of which function together and interact closely. [PAR] The organisms and their interactions enhance many soil ecosystem functions and make up the soil food web. The energy needed for all food webs is generated by primary producers: the plants, lichens, moss, photosynthetic bacteria and algae that use sunlight to transform CO2 from the atmosphere into carbohydrates. Most other organisms depend on the primary producers for their energy and nutrients; they are called consumers. [PAR] BOX 1 [PAR] Some functions of a healthy soil ecosystem [PAR] Decompose organic matter towards humus. [PAR] Retain N and other nutrients. [PAR] Glue soil particles together for best structure. [PAR] Protect roots from diseases and parasites. [PAR] Make retained nutrients available to the plant. [PAR] Produce hormones that help plants grow. [PAR] Retain water. [PAR] Soil life plays a major role in many natural processes that determine nutrient and water availability for agricultural productivity. The primary activities of all living organisms are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bahamas Country Code 1 242 Country Code BS Bahamas Country Code 1 242 Country Code BS [PAR] About Bahamas Hide [PAR] CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details Bahamas phone code. [PAR] The Bahamas country code 1-242 will allow you to call Bahamas from another country. Bahamas telephone code 1-242 is dialed after the IDD. Bahamas international dialing 1-242 is followed by an area code. [PAR] The Bahamas area code table below shows the various city codes for Bahamas. Bahamas country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete Bahamas dialing code, you can make your international call. [PAR] English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants) [PAR] Electricity [PAR] Type A North American/Japanese 2-blade [PAR] Type B American 3-pin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiger Woods Wins the 1997 Masters by 12 Shots | Golf.com Tiger Woods Wins the 1997 Masters by 12 Shots | Golf.com [PAR] Tiger Woods Wins the 1997 Masters by 12 Shots [PAR] Tiger Woods celebrates on the 18th green after winning the 1997 Masters. [PAR] AP News [PAR] Posted: Wed Nov. 9, 2011 Updated: Fri Jan. 13, 2017 [PAR] Install App [PAR] This story on Tiger Woods' win at the 1997 Masters first appeared in the April 21, 1997 issue of Sports Illustrated. [PAR] Short and pudgy, he pushed through the crowd, elbowing and worming his way, not stopping for any of the cries of \"heyyy, watchit!\" as he went. At last he popped through to the front and craned his neck down the line, wide-eyed, hoping to see what he had come for. As Tiger Woods strode past, Jack Nicholson slapped him on the back and grinned, same as everybody else. [PAR] It didn't matter who you were; if you were there the week everything changed in golf, you just had to reach out and touch a piece of history. Almost 50 years to the day after Jackie Robinson broke major league baseball's color barrier, at Augusta National, a club that no black man was allowed to join until six years ago, at the tournament whose founder, Clifford Roberts, once said, \"As long as I'm alive, golfers will be white, and caddies will be black,\" a 21-year-old black man delivered the greatest performance ever seen in a golf major. [PAR] Someday Eldrick (Tiger) Woods, a mixed-race kid with a middle-class background who grew up on a municipal course in the sprawl of Los Angeles, may be hailed as the greatest golfer who ever lived, but it is likely that his finest day will always be the overcast Sunday in Augusta when he humiliated the world's best golfers, shot 18-under-par 70-66-65-69-270 (the lowest score in tournament history) and won the Masters by a preposterous 12 shots. It was the soundest whipping in a major this century and second only to Old Tom Morris's 13-shot triumph in the 1862 British Open. [PAR] When Tiger finally slipped into his green champion's jacket, his 64-year-old father, Earl, drank in a long look and said, \"Green and black go well together, don't they?\" [PAR] So golf is trying to get used to the fact that the man who will rule the game for the next 20 years shaves twice a week and has been drinking legally for almost three months now. \"He's more dominant over the guys he's playing against than I ever was over the ones I played against,\" marveled no less an authority than Jack Nicklaus, whose 17-under Masters record of 271 had held up for 32 years. \"He's so long, he reduces the course to nothing. Absolutely nothing.\" [PAR] It was something to see the way a 6'2\", 155-pounder with a 30-inch waist crumbled one of golf's masterpieces into bite-sized pieces. The longest club he hit into a par-4 all week was a seven-iron. On each of the first two days he hit a wedge into the 500-yard par-5 15th hole -- for his second shot. Honey, he shrunk the course. Last Saturday his seven birdies were set up by his nine-iron, pitching wedge, sand wedge, putter, nine-iron, putter and sand wedge. Meanwhile, the rest of the field was trying to catch him with five-irons and three-woods and rosary beads. When Nicklaus said last year that Woods would win 10 green jackets, everybody figured he was way off. We just never thought his number was low. [PAR] Said"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble FAQ: Answers to Your Scrabble Questions | Hasbro Scrabble FAQ: Answers to Your Scrabble Questions | Hasbro [PAR] (8 points)- J, X [PAR] (10 points)-Q, Z [PAR] I looked up a legitimate word using the SCRABBLE online dictionary and it wasn't there. Why not? [PAR] The SCRABBLE online dictionary offers only words found in the The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, Fourth Edition which lists over 100,000 playable two- to eight-letter words. For a word to be included in The Official SCRABBLE Players Dictionary, it must be found in two of the five most popular American dictionaries. [PAR] Additionally, The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary lists shorter words and longer words are included as inflections of the shorter word. The SCRABBLE online dictionary is only able to search the shorter listings. For example, searching for FOCUS in our online dictionary will also turn up FOCUSED and FOCUSING, but searching for either of the longer words will turn up no results. [PAR] What are acceptable plays in SCRABBLE? [PAR] In SCRABBLE, it is acceptable to simply add one or more letters to a word, to either the front or back or to both the front and back. [PAR] If you want, you can add just an S to a word already on the board. [PAR] You may play at right angles to a word. [PAR] You may play parallel to a word as long as adjacent letters form words horizontally and vertically. [PAR] What is an unacceptable play in SCRABBLE? [PAR] You may not play tiles diagonally across the board in SCRABBLE. [PAR] Note: The tiles you play must be contained in one word or played in a straight line. [PAR] Can you extend a word in two directions simultaneously in one turn? For instance, ARM is on the board, and I'd like to extend it to CHARMED in one turn? Is that within the rules of SCRABBLE? [PAR] Yes, it is perfectly acceptable to extend in front of and/or at the end of a word in one turn, as long as all the letters are played in the same turn. So, in this case, since the C, H, E and D are all used to spell CHARMED, it's well within the rules of SCRABBLE to do so. [PAR] Can I exchange tiles whenever I want? [PAR] A player may exchange tiles (from one to seven) as long as there are at least seven tiles still in the bag. Decide which tiles you want to exchange first. Then remove them from your rack and place them facedown on the table. Only then may you draw your new tiles, place them on your rack, and replace the exchanged tiles back into the pool. [PAR] When playing Scrabble, how do I challenge a word played by another player? When can I challenge? What is the outcome if the challenge is incorrect? [PAR] Any play may be challenged before the next player starts a turn. If the play challenged is unacceptable, the challenged player takes back his/her tiles and loses that turn (and any score.) If the play challenged is acceptable, the challenger loses his/her next turn. All words (not just one) made in one play are challenged simultaneously. If any word is unacceptable, the entire play is unacceptable. Only one turn is lost on any challenge. [PAR] When do bonus squares increase the score of a play in SCRABBLE? [PAR] The bonus is only scored for the player who originally covers the bonus square, and only for the one turn. Subsequent turns that use a letter already covering a bonus square don\u2019t"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Korean Movie Reviews for 2007 - Koreanfilm.org Korean Movie Reviews for 2007 [PAR] Reviewed below: The Old Garden (Jan 4) -- Before the Summer Passes Away (Jan 18) -- Pruning the Grapevine (Feb 22) -- Beautiful Sunday (Mar 29) -- The Show Must Go On (Apr 5) -- Paradise Murdered (Apr 12) -- Driving With My Wife's Lover (Apr 26) -- Bunt (Apr 26) -- Secret Sunshine (May 23) -- The Evil Twin (May 23) -- Hwang Jin-yi (Jun 6) -- The Wonder Years (Jun 14) -- Never Forever (Jun 21) -- Black House (Jun 21) -- The Cut (Jul 11) -- Muoi (Jul 25) -- D-War (Aug 1) -- Epitaph (Aug 1) -- HERs (Aug 2) -- Wide Awake (Aug 8) -- Someone Behind You (Aug 22) -- The Happy Life (Sep 12) -- Happiness (Oct 3) -- Resurrection of the Butterfly (Oct 11) -- Going by the Book (Oct 18) -- Shadows in the Palace (Oct 18) -- M (Oct 25) -- Desert Dream (Nov 8) -- Fantastic Parasuicides (Nov 8) -- Seven Days (Nov 14) -- Our Town (Nov 29) -- Rainbow Eyes (Dec 27) -- Hansel and Gretel (Dec 27). [PAR] The Best Selling Films of 2007 [PAR] Korean Films [PAR] Complete List of 2007 Releases with Box-Office Data [PAR] The Old Garden [PAR] A socialist student activist named Hyun-woo and his colleagues are on the run from the police in the months after the Gwangju Massacre. Showing themselves in Seoul would surely result in their capture and arbitrary prosecution on some trumped-up charge, so they split up and go into hiding, with Hyun-woo being put up in a remote cabin by a woman named Yoon-hee. Yoon-hee is more than hospitable, and very soon the two are sharing a bed and falling in love. But in this dark era in Korea's history, politics and the state not only limit their freedoms, but ultimately push into their private lives as well. [PAR] An unusual mix of politics and melodrama that ranges from 1980 up until the present day, The Old Garden represents a collaboration between two generations of anti-authoritarian artists: young director Im Sang-soo, known for his filmmaking talent and taste for controversy; and novelist Hwang Seok-young, a prizewinning author who spent the 1980s in exile and then served five years in prison in the 1990s for an unauthorized visit to North Korea. [PAR] Im's adaptation of Hwang's novel of the same name boasts some very strong casting, with Ji Jin-hee maintaining a nice air of unpredictability around the character of Hyun-woo, and Yeom Jung-ah being given the best opportunity to showcase her acting abilities since A Tale of Two Sisters. The depth of talent in the large cast of supporting characters, many of whom are Im regulars, is also impressive. [PAR] The film as a whole has been warmly received by local critics, but it has generated some negative reviews abroad, and its festival career has not matched that of its predecessor The President's Last Bang. Im admits to embracing a more mainstream archetype in this film, which may partly account for its mis-matched reception, but there are other issues here as well. [PAR] Director Im's rebel streak -- which has given us bold sexual talk in Girls Night Out, teenage delinquency in Tears, family scandal in A Good Lawyer's Wife and political intrigue in The President's Last Bang -- manifests itself here in quieter ways: in the cat-who's-eaten-the-goldfish sparkle of Hyun-woo's eyes, or in the way the director toys with viewer expectations and sets up striking but awkward contrasts in mood. True to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nicholas Nickleby, by Charles Dickens : chapter23 Nicholas Nickleby, by Charles Dickens : chapter23 [PAR] Nicholas Nickleby, by Charles Dickens [PAR] Chapter 23 [PAR] Treats of the Company of Mr Vincent Crummles, and of his Affairs, Domestic and Theatrical [PAR] As Mr Crummles had a strange four-legged animal in the inn stables, which he called a pony, and a vehicle of unknown design, on which he bestowed the appellation of a four-wheeled phaeton, Nicholas proceeded on his journey next morning with greater ease than he had expected: the manager and himself occupying the front seat: and the Master Crummleses and Smike being packed together behind, in company with a wicker basket defended from wet by a stout oilskin, in which were the broad-swords, pistols, pigtails, nautical costumes, and other professional necessaries of the aforesaid young gentlemen. [PAR] The pony took his time upon the road, and \u2014 possibly in consequence of his theatrical education \u2014 evinced, every now and then, a strong inclination to lie down. However, Mr Vincent Crummles kept him up pretty well, by jerking the rein, and plying the whip; and when these means failed, and the animal came to a stand, the elder Master Crummles got out and kicked him. By dint of these encouragements, he was persuaded to move from time to time, and they jogged on (as Mr Crummles truly observed) very comfortably for all parties. [PAR] \u2018He\u2019s a good pony at bottom,\u2019 said Mr Crummles, turning to Nicholas. [PAR] He might have been at bottom, but he certainly was not at top, seeing that his coat was of the roughest and most ill-favoured kind. So, Nicholas merely observed that he shouldn\u2019t wonder if he was. [PAR] \u2018Many and many is the circuit this pony has gone,\u2019 said Mr Crummles, flicking him skilfully on the eyelid for old acquaintance\u2019 sake. \u2018He is quite one of us. His mother was on the stage.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Was she?\u2019 rejoined Nicholas. [PAR] \u2018She ate apple-pie at a circus for upwards of fourteen years,\u2019 said the manager; \u2018fired pistols, and went to bed in a nightcap; and, in short, took the low comedy entirely. His father was a dancer.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Was he at all distinguished?\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Not very,\u2019 said the manager. \u2018He was rather a low sort of pony. The fact is, he had been originally jobbed out by the day, and he never quite got over his old habits. He was clever in melodrama too, but too broad \u2014 too broad. When the mother died, he took the port-wine business.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The port-wine business!\u2019 cried Nicholas. [PAR] \u2018Drinking port-wine with the clown,\u2019 said the manager; \u2018but he was greedy, and one night bit off the bowl of the glass, and choked himself, so his vulgarity was the death of him at last.\u2019 [PAR] The descendant of this ill-starred animal requiring increased attention from Mr Crummles as he progressed in his day\u2019s work, that gentleman had very little time for conversation. Nicholas was thus left at leisure to entertain himself with his own thoughts, until they arrived at the drawbridge at Portsmouth, when Mr Crummles pulled up. [PAR] \u2018We\u2019ll get down here,\u2019 said the manager, \u2018and the boys will take him round to the stable, and call at my lodgings with the luggage. You had better let yours be taken there, for the present.\u2019 [PAR] Thanking Mr Vincent Crummles for his obliging offer, Nicholas jumped out, and, giving Smike his arm, accompanied the manager up High Street on their way to the theatre; feeling nervous and uncomfortable enough at the prospect of an immediate introduction to a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quincentennial - definition of quincentennial by The Free ... Quincentennial - definition of quincentennial by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Quincentennial - definition of quincentennial by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/quincentennial [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] quin\u00b7cen\u00b7ten\u00b7ni\u00b7al [PAR] (kw\u012dn\u2032s\u0115n-t\u0115n\u2032\u0113-\u0259l) [PAR] A quincentenary event or celebration. [PAR] quin\u2022cen\u2022ten\u2022ni\u2022al [PAR] (\u02cckw\u026an s\u025bn\u02c8t\u025bn i \u0259l) [PAR] 1. pertaining to or marking a period of 500 years. [PAR] n. [PAR] 2. a 500th anniversary or its celebration. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] anniversary , day of remembrance - the date on which an event occurred in some previous year (or the celebration of it) [PAR] Adj. [PAR] 1. [PAR] quincentennial - of or relating to a 500th anniversary; \"the quincentennial celebration of the founding of the city\" [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] quincentenary [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] We took on immigration as a civil rights issue for the Americas, joined Native Americans in putting Columbus on trial at the Quincentennial, and reviewed the Attica rebellion twenty years after. [PAR] Aztec dance along the Ruta de Cortes: a search for new ethnic identities [PAR] The juxtaposition of Turkey s Jewish and Muslim cultures, with a visit to the Quincentennial Foundation Museum of Turkish Jews, celebrating the 500th anniversary of the Jewish odyssey from Spain to Turkey, along with exhibits of the country s corresponding Muslim history. [PAR] Performing the Reformation: Public Ritual in the City of Luther [PAR] The Congress approved a national Green Action Plan, encompassing a series of anti-nuclear actions the following spring, support for the emerging Detroit Summer inner-city renewal campaign, and involvement in October 1992 events to protest the quincentennial of Columbus' landing in the Americas, initiated by First Nations activists.[DOC] [TLE] 500th Anniversary of the Discovery of the New World!! 500th Anniversary of the Discovery of the New World!! [PAR] The Matthew undergoing sea trials in 1996 [PAR] ] [PAR] Britannia and the Matthew [PAR] The Matthew and the Royal Yacht Britannia together at Cowes Week in August 1996. Members of the Royal Family took the opportunity to pay an informal visit to the replica of Cabot's ship. [PAR] HRH Prince Philip was one of the patrons of the Matthew reconstruction project [PAR] Letter from Prince Philip wishing the Matthew \"God's speed.\" [PAR] [PAR] THE TEXT OF THE LETTER [PAR] To the seamen of Europe the Atlantic has always been a challenge and a barrier. For none more so than those along the western seaboard from Spain to Norway. The Irish epic 'Navigatio Brendani' suggests that St. Brendan broke the barrier in the 6th century and the Norse Sagas relate that Leif Eriksson, the son of Erik the Red, established a small settlement on Newfoundland some 500 years later. There is also circumstantial evidence that fishermen from Bristol were fishing for cod on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland in the early 15th century. [PAR] Then in 1497 John Cabot set out from Bristol, under the patronage of King Henry VII, on one of the most remarkable voyages in the history of maritime discovery. The significance of the voyage of the 'Matthew' is that it took John Cabot to the mainland of North America and which eventually led to the migration of many English-speaking people to the countries of that continent. [PAR] The North Atlantic is not a comfortable environment at any time, and for the seamen of the 15th century in their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Popeye the Sailor (character) - Paramount Cartoons Wiki ... Popeye the Sailor (character) | Paramount Cartoons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Popeye the Sailor (character) [PAR] Famous , Max Fleischer [PAR] Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero notable for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous television shows. He was created by Elzie Crisler Segar , [1 ] and first appeared in the daily King Features comic strip Thimble Theatre on January 17, 1929. Popeye has now become the strip's title as well. [PAR] Although Segar's Thimble Theatre strip, first published on December 19, 1919, was in its tenth year when Popeye made his debut, the sailor quickly became the main focus of the strip and Thimble Theatre became one of King Features' most popular properties during the 1930s. Thimble Theatre was carried on after Segar's death in 1938 by several writers and artists , most notably Segar's assistant Bud Sagendorf . The strip, now titled Popeye, continues to appear in first-run installments in its Sunday edition , written and drawn by Hy Eisman . The daily strips are reprints of old Sagendorf stories. [PAR] In 1933, Max and Dave Fleischer 's Fleischer Studios adapted the Thimble Theatre characters into a series of Popeye the Sailor theatrical cartoon shorts for Paramount Pictures . These cartoons proved to be among the most popular of the 1930s, and the Fleischers\u2014and later Paramount's own Famous Studios \u2014continued production through 1957. The cartoons are now owned by Turner Entertainment , a subsidiary of Time Warner , and distributed by sister company Warner Bros. Entertainment. [PAR] Over the years, Popeye has also appeared in comic books , television cartoons , arcade and video games, hundreds of advertisements and peripheral products, and a 1980 live-action film directed by Robert Altman starring comedian Robin Williams as Popeye. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] In most appearances (except during the World War II era), Popeye is a middle-aged sailor with a unique way of speaking, disproportionately muscular forearms with two anchor tattoos , thinning hair, and an ever-present corncob pipe (which he toots like a steamship's whistle at times). Popeye is generally depicted as having only one eye, his left. In at least one Fleischer cartoon, Bluto refers to Popeye as a \"one-eyed runt .\" Mostly quiet as to how he lost his right eye, the sailor claims it was in \"the mos' arful battle\" of his life. Later versions of the character had both eyes, with one of them merely being squinty, or \"squinky\" as he put it. According to the official site, Popeye is 34 years old and was born in a typhoon off Santa Monica, California (however, in Popeye, the Ace of Space his original age is given as 40 by an alien aging machine). [PAR] Popeye's strange, comic and often supernatural adventures take him all over the world, and place him in conflict with enemies such as the Sea Hag and Bluto. His main base of operations is the fictional town of Sweethaven. Popeye's father is the degenerate Poopdeck Pappy , who does not share his son's moral righteousness and is represented as having abandoned Popeye in some sources. Popeye's sweetheart (and in some sources, wife) over the years is Olive Oyl ; although the two characters often bickered, especially in early stories after his first appearance. Popeye is the adoptive father of Swee'Pea , an infant foundling left on his doorstep. (Sweet Pea is a term of affection used by Popeye; in the cartoon We Aim to Please, he addressed Olive Oyl as \"Sweet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Lakes - National Wildlife Federation Great Lakes - National Wildlife Federation [PAR] Great Lakes [PAR] Corporate Giving [PAR] Great Lakes [PAR] The Great Lakes\u2014Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario\u2014form the largest surface freshwater system in the world. Together, they hold nearly one-fifth of the earth's surface freshwater. The Great Lakes have over 10,000 miles of shoreline and serve as a drain more than 200,000 square miles of land ranging from forested areas to agricultural lands, cities and suburbs. [PAR] The Great Lakes watershed includes some of North America's more fascinating wildlife such as the gray wolf, Canada lynx, moose and bald eagle. The lakes themselves are home to numerous fish, including lake whitefish, walleye, muskellunge and trout. Millions of migratory birds pass through the region during their spring and fall migrations. [PAR] People Depend on the Great Lakes [PAR] The Great Lakes region has been home to Native Americans for nearly 10,000 years. The first Europeans arrived in the 1600s and began to utilize the region for animal furs. It wasn't long before more settlers were drawn to the region seeking farmland. [PAR] Today, over 35 million people live in the Great Lakes basin in Canada and the United States. The Great Lakes are important sources of drinking water, irrigation, transportation and recreation opportunities such as fishing, hunting, boating, and wildlife watching. The Great Lakes are a critical component of the regional economy on both sides of the border. [PAR] Wildlife in the Great Lakes [PAR] The land surrounding the Great Lakes was once dominated by forests and grasslands interspersed with wetlands. Many of the wildlife that still call the region home exist in the remnants of those habitats, such as the gray wolf , moose, beaver and many bird species. The Great Lakes region is important for many species of migratory and resident birds, particularly waterfowl, birds that nest in colonies, and neotropical migrants. [PAR] Fish: The Great Lakes are actually quite different from each other. Lake Superior, the largest of the lakes, is cold and deep. Lake Erie is one of the smallest of the Great Lakes and is relatively shallow and warm. Because of this variation, different numbers and varieties of fish and other aquatic wildlife can be found in each lake. Walleye , yellow perch, lake sturgeon, brook trout , lake whitefish, muskellunge, and introduced salmon species are among the many kinds of fish in the Great Lakes. Some fish are undergoing restoration efforts, such as lake sturgeon and lake trout. [PAR] Mammals: Many mammals, large and small, live in the Great Lakes region, including the gray wolf , Canada lynx , little brown bat , beaver, moose , river otter , and coyote. [PAR] Birds: The Great Lakes region provides important breeding, feeding, and resting areas for many birds including the bald eagle , northern harrier, common loon , double-crested cormorant, common tern, bobolink, least bittern, common merganser, and the endangered Kirtland's warbler. [PAR] Threats to the Great Lakes [PAR] Pollution [PAR] Despite their great size, the Great Lakes are actually very vulnerable to pollution . The amount of water entering and leaving the lakes each year is less than one percent of the total in the lakes. Persistent chemicals that enter the lakes can remain for many years, with many building up in the food web. The source of toxic pollutants includes decades of industrial waste, raw sewage overflows, runoff from cities, and mining operations. Excess nutrients that throw the ecosystem out of balance enter the lakes from agricultural runoff and untreated sewage. [PAR] Global Warming [PAR] The impacts of global"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Misogamy - definition of misogamy by The Free Dictionary Misogamy - definition of misogamy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Misogamy - definition of misogamy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/misogamy [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Encyclopedia . [PAR] mi\u00b7sog\u00b7a\u00b7my [PAR] mis\u2032o\u00b7gam\u2032ic (m\u012ds\u2032\u0259-g\u0103m\u2032\u012dk) adj. [PAR] mi\u00b7sog\u2032a\u00b7mist n. [PAR] misogamy [PAR] mis\u2022o\u2022gam\u2022ic (\u02ccm\u026as \u0259\u02c8g\u00e6m \u026ak, \u02ccma\u026a s\u0259-) adj. [PAR] mi\u2022sog\u2032a\u2022mist, n. [PAR] misogamy [PAR] 1. [PAR] misogamy - hatred of marriage [PAR] hate , hatred - the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action [PAR] Translations [PAR] mi\u00b7sog\u00b7a\u00b7my [PAR] n. misogamia, aversi\u00f3n al matrimonio. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] THE TEAMSTERS; Quick One With Music INTERVIEWS, GIG NEWS, COLUMNS [PAR] Card is disabled, and his erratic, almost neurotic behavior (years after the movement he can fall asleep only when fully dressed) and life of drug abuse, AA, bitterness, and misogamy are the legacies of the living nightmare and abuse he experienced. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] misogamy - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com misogamy - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Random Word [PAR] misogamy [PAR] If you know a confirmed bachelor who dates a lot but never settles down, he may not have met the right person yet \u2014 or he may suffer from misogamy, a hatred of marriage. [PAR] Misogamy is made up of two Greek words, mis meaning \"hate,\" and gamy meaning \"marriage.\" You might get it confused with another mis- word that sounds similar, misogyny, which is completely different as it means \"a hatred of women.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Zealand - Aotearoa - South Pacific - Country Profile New Zealand - Aotearoa - Country Profile - Nations Online Project [PAR] Flag of New Zealand [PAR] Location map of New Zeeland [PAR] Destination New Zealand, a virtual guide to Aotearoa, the Land of the Long White Cloud. New Zealand (NZ) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean located about 2000 km (1,300 mi) south east of Australia . The island-nation consists of some smaller islands and two main islands, the North Island (Te-Ika-a-Maui), and the South Island (Te Wai Pounamu) which are separated by the Cook Strait. New Zealand shares maritime borders with Australia, and the island nations of Fiji , and Tonga . [PAR] New Zealand's islands are the surface area of the continent of Zealandia. Zealandia, now for the most part submerged, was formerly a large portion of the super-continent of Gondwanaland. [PAR] The geopolitical entity of the Realm of New Zealand comprises New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue (an island), Tokelau (some coral atolls) and the Ross Dependency, a region in Antarctica. [PAR] With an area of 270,467 km\u00b2, the country is slightly larger than the United Kingdom (242,900 km\u00b2), or about the size of the US State of Colorado . [PAR] New Zealand has a population of 4.7 million people (beginning 2017). Capital is Wellington , largest city is Auckland . Spoken languages are English (95%) and M\u0101ori, the language of the indigenous M\u0101ori people of New Zealand. [PAR] New Zealand - Aotearoa [PAR] Capital City: Wellington (pop. 400 000) [PAR] Other Cities: Auckland (1.3 million), Christchurch (339 000), Hamilton (182 000) [PAR] Government: [PAR] Constitution: No formal, written constitution. [PAR] Independence: Declared a dominion in 1907. [PAR] Chief of State: Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Dependent areas: Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau. [PAR] Geography: [PAR] Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia. [PAR] Area : 270,467 km\u00b2 (104,427 sq. mi.) [PAR] Terrain: Varied, from snowcapped mountains to lowland plains. [PAR] Climate: with sharp regional contrasts from temperate to subtropical. [PAR] People: [PAR] Nationality: Noun--New Zealander(s). Adjective--New Zealand. [PAR] Population : 4.7 million (beginning 2017) [PAR] Ethnic groups: European 75%, Maori 15%, other Polynesian 6.5%. [PAR] Religions: Christian [PAR] Literacy: 99% [PAR] Natural resources: Natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone. [PAR] Agriculture products: Wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products; fish. [PAR] Industries: Food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining. [PAR] Exports - commodities: dairy products, meat and edible offal, logs and wood articles, fruit, crude oil, wine. [PAR] Exports - partners: China 17.5%, Australia 16.9%, USA 11.8%, Japan 6% (2015) [PAR] Imports - commodities: petroleum and products, mechanical machinery, vehicles and parts, electrical machinery, textiles [PAR] Imports - partners: China 19.4%, Australia 11.8%, USA 11.7%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 4.7%, Thailand 4.2% (2015) [PAR] Currency: New Zealand Dollar (NZD) [PAR] Note: External links will open in a new browser window. [PAR] Official Sites of New Zealand [PAR] New Zealand is an independent parliamentary monarchy with a unicameral parliament (legislature), the House of Representatives. Head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, represented by a Governor-General. The Governors-general are not appointed for a specific term, but are generally expected to serve for five years. Head of the government and the cabinet is the Prime Minister.[DOC] [TLE] Aotearoa - New Zealand Aotearoa - New Zealand [PAR] TheMaori.com [PAR] Aotearoa \u2013 New Zealand [PAR] Aotearoa is the Maori name for New Zealand. Before colonists, Maori didn\u2019t have a commonly-used name for the whole New Zealand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The River Commons Report by Katya_Porohina - issuu The River Commons Report by Katya_Porohina - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] s mo o r ,K al e e [PAR] Ne t w o rk [PAR] Sh [PAR] Exploration into possible initiatives on River Don corridor between Hillsborough and Kehlam Island in Sheffield [PAR] Is l a n d & Ne [PAR] se [PAR] The River Commons Projects Report [PAR] lh [PAR] s mo o r ,K al e e [PAR] Sh [PAR] 9 [PAR] nd [PAR] Introduction 4 About this Publication 5 Timeline of Previous Initiatives 6 RIBA \u2018Forgotten Spaces\u2019 Sheffield MAUD Design Studios 2011 13 The River Commons Public Event Outcomes so far 69 Next Steps 72 Contributors 73 [PAR] Is l a n d & Ne [PAR] se [PAR] The River Commons Projects Report [PAR] lh [PAR] Introduction Water shapes cities by being the conduit and locus of activities and exchanges and plays a significant role in their complex ecology (including at economic and environmental levels). Our particular interest is to explore water in urban contexts as a prime site for actions, interventions and activities that address social and environmental justice. How can we create the conditions for the emergence of a resilient system of ethical actors working interdependently around/in/with urban waters? How can we trigger a shift towards more just society through rethinking access, management and use of urban waterways? Sheffield, famously, is built on seven hills (like Rome), however it also has five rivers that flow into the city from the Peak District and surrounding countryside. These generated the power for the grinding wheels of the city\u00e2&#x20AC;&#x2122;s well known cutlery trade, and later powered steam engines and forge hammers. The rivers also acted as a drain and industrial waste conduit and for this reason were, until not so long ago, heavily polluted, and devoid of life. As buildings backed straight onto, or even bridged over, the rivers (the station is built over a curvetted section of river) they became invisible. In recent years, with the decline of industry, different political and economic contexts and increasing environmental awareness, river walks and residential river-side developments have appeared along the River Don from the city centre, East to the Meadowhall shopping centre and M1 motorway. However, the Upper River Don, from the city to the North-West area of Hillsborough, is a lost world. Running parallel with a major road and close to the Super- [PAR] tram track it is almost invisible. For a large part it is also inaccessible, cut off by private car-parks, industrial estates and empty sites. This section of river is full of surprises: derelict water wheels, curiously named islands such as Bacon Island and an abandoned graveyard. Sheffield City Council (SCC) published the Upper Don Valley Physical Regeneration Strategy in 2006. The Vision for the Upper Don Valley in the 21st century proposes to dramatically transform it from a place often characterised by derelict land and disused buildings, which few people know or visit, to an exciting gateway where both existing and new businesses can prosper and grow, alongside housing and leisure, bringing a step change in the quality of the environment. The context in which this document was produced is one that preceded the economic recession and, with it, the collapse of regeneration led by private development. How can we rewrite a vision for the Upper Don Valley that is rooted into a different economic model, based on justice? [PAR] page 4 [PAR] 043 [PAR] Following the research carried out for the Forgotten Spaces competition, the River Commons project was initiated with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Location | Hong Kong Tourism Board Location | Hong Kong Tourism Board [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Positioned at the mouth of the Pearl River Delta on the coast of southern China, Hong Kong\u2019s geographical position as a gateway between the East and West has made it an attractive centre for international trade. As a reflection of this, the heart of Asia\u2019s world city has always been the bustling and beautiful Victoria Harbour. Hong Kong\u2019s 1,104-square-kilometer area comprises Hong Kong Island, which lies to the south of the harbour, the Kowloon Peninsula, which forms its northern shores, the New Territories to the north of Kowloon, which stretch all the way to Mainland China, and more than 200 outlying islands, including Lantau Island, where Hong Kong International Airport is located. [PAR] Sponsored"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] VC - Internet Country Abbreviations VC - Internet Country Abbreviations [PAR] Internet Country Abbreviations [PAR] Color: [ Red = unvisited ] [ Blue = visited ] [PAR] Ever wonder what country a given email or posting is from? [PAR] Can't remember if CA is Canada or California? [PAR] Answer: Canada is correct. California does not have its own code. It is not a country, but don't tell the natives there. They sometimes think it is. I know. I live with them. [PAR] Ever wonder if ES is Estonia? [PAR] Answer: ES is Spain where people speak Spanish (Think \"Espana,\" the name used by many to mean Spain). EE is Estonia where people speak Estonian. [PAR] Well, here is a list culled from different Internet sources, sorted 2 ways: by the two-letter country code and by the country name. [PAR] Note: [PAR] You may also visit Domain name registries around the world for a more complete and up to date list that includes more than just country codes, for example, gov for US Government, edu for Educational, mil for US Dept of Defense, org for Organizations, name for Personal, etc. [PAR] Go to: [ Home Page | Top | Sorted by code | Sorted by country | Bottom ] [PAR] Abbreviations sorted by country code [PAR] AC Ascension Island AD Andorra AE United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda AI Anguilla AL Albania AM Armenia AN Netherlands Antilles AO Angola AQ Antarctica AR Argentina AS American Samoa AT Austria AU Australia AW Aruba AZ Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados BD Bangladesh BE Belgium BF Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria BH Bahrain BI Burundi BJ Benin BM Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia BR Brazil BS Bahamas BT Bhutan BV Bouvet Island BW Botswana BY Belarus BZ Belize CA Canada CC Cocos (Keeling Islands) CF Central African Republic CG Congo CH Switzerland CI Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) CK Cook Islands CL Chile CM Cameroon CN China CO Colombia CR Costa Rica CU Cuba CV Cape Verde CX Christmas Island CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DJ Djibouti DK Denmark DM Dominica DO Dominican Republic DZ Algeria EC Ecuador EE Estonia EG Egypt EH Western Sahara ER Eritrea ES Spain ET Ethiopia EU Europe FI Finland FJ Fiji FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FM Micronesia FO Faroe Islands FR France FX France, Metropolitan GA Gabon GB United Kingdom GD Grenada GE Georgia GF French Guiana GH Ghana GI Gibraltar GL Greenland GM Gambia GN Guinea GP Guadeloupe GQ Equatorial Guinea GR Greece GS S. Georgia and S. Sandwich Isls. GT Guatemala GU Guam GW Guinea-Bissau GY Guyana HK Hong Kong HM Heard and McDonald Islands HN Honduras HR Croatia (Hrvatska) HT Haiti HU Hungary ID Indonesia IE Ireland IL Israel IN India IO British Indian Ocean Territory IQ Iraq IR Iran IS Iceland IT Italy JM Jamaica JO Jordan JP Japan KE Kenya KG Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic) KH Cambodia KI Kiribati KM Comoros KN Saint Kitts and Nevis KP Korea (North) (People's Republic) KR Korea (South) (Republic) KW Kuwait KY Cayman Islands KZ Kazakhstan LA Laos LB Lebanon LC Saint Lucia LI Liechtenstein LK Sri Lanka LR Liberia LS Lesotho LT Lithuania LU Luxembourg LV Latvia LY Libya MA Morocco MC Monaco MD Moldova MG Madagascar MH Marshall Islands MK Macedonia ML Mali MM Myanmar MN Mongolia MO Macau MP Northern Mariana Islands MQ Martinique MR Mauritania MS Montserrat MT Malta MU Mauritius MV Maldives MW Malawi MX Mexico MY Malaysia MZ Mozambique NA Namibia NC New Caledonia NE Niger NF Norfolk Island NG Nigeria NI Nicaragua NL"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which bodies of water surround Japan? | Reference.com Which bodies of water surround Japan? | Reference.com [PAR] Which bodies of water surround Japan? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Japan is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, Philippine Sea, Korea Strait, East China Sea and Sea of Japan. The Sea of Japan is to Japan's west, while the Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea are to its east. The East China Sea is to the south, and the Korea Strait separates Japan from Korea. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Japan is a country in East Asia that consists of four main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu plus an archepalego of smaller islands. Overall, the country's area is somewhat smaller than the state of California. Its coastline runs about 29,751 kilometers. Japan's terrain is mostly mountainous with Mount Fuji, its highest point, at 3,776 meters. The capital and largest city (as of 2014) is Tokyo."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1956: Prince Rainier marries Grace Kelly - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 19 | 1956: Prince Rainier marries Grace Kelly [PAR] 1956: Prince Rainier marries Grace Kelly [PAR] Prince Rainier III of Monaco has married the American film actress Grace Kelly. [PAR] The religious ceremony follows yesterday's civil ceremony held in the throne room in the Palace of Monaco. [PAR] The celebration of the Nuptial Mass was held in the Cathedral of Monaco. Miss Kelly looked every bit the film star in her ivory gown made of silk taffeta and lace. [PAR] The couple did not look at each other during the ceremony, but sat, stood and knelt facing the high altar as instructed by Monsignor Marella, the Papal Legate from Paris. [PAR] They spoke their vows so quietly that it was hard to tell whether they made them in English or French, the national language of Monaco. [PAR] At the end of the ceremony, a message was read out from the Pope. Then the couple drove through the streets of Monte Carlo in an open-top car, waving to thousands of well-wishers. [PAR] The couple, who announced their engagement in January, are spending their honeymoon cruising around the Mediterranean aboard Prince Rainier's yacht, Deo Juvante II - out of the public eye for the first time in months. [PAR] Nervous bride [PAR] Yesterday's civil ceremony, conducted by the president of the Monaco Supreme Court, was attended by the couple's close family and friends. [PAR] In Monaco, as in France, a civil marriage must take place before a religious ceremony. [PAR] Miss Kelly, wearing a beige, lace dress with a close-fitting hat, was noticeably nervous throughout the proceedings. [PAR] Following the legal formalities the couple made a short appearance on the balcony of the palace where approximately 500 members of the public waited below. [PAR] The newly-married couple, surrounded by an abundance of red and white flowers, waved to the crowds for a few minutes before going back inside.[DOC] [TLE] Iconic weddings: Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier III of Monaco Iconic weddings: Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier III of Monaco [PAR] Iconic weddings: Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier III of Monaco [PAR] April 20, 2010 [PAR] [PAR] How they met [PAR] The fairytale romance between Hollywood beauty Grace Kelly and her handsome prince, Rainier III of Monaco, began in May 1955 when the silver screen star was invited to the royal palace during the Cannes Film Festival to be photographed with the eligible bachelor for a magazine spread. At the time Grace was 26 years old and the prince 32. [PAR] Engagement [PAR] Eight months later, in January 1956, it was announced that Grace and Prince Rainier were engaged to be married. The handsome royal proposed with a beautiful Cartier 12-carat emerald-cut diamond ring, which Grace can be seen wearing in the aptly named film High Society \u2013 her final screen performance before becoming a princess. Rainier also presented his bride-to-be with a friendship band embellished with rubies and diamonds. [PAR] The wedding [PAR] In Monaco, as in France, a civil marriage must take place before a religious ceremony, and so Grace and Rainier held two weddings. On April 18, 1956, the couple were legally wed in the baroque throne room in the Palace of Monaco in a ceremony attended by their close family and friends. Grace wore a beige lace dress and hat, and after exchanging their vows, husband and wife made a brief appearance on the palace's balcony to wave to the 500 members of the public waiting below. [PAR] The next day at 9.30am,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Butcher of Lyon on trial - May 11, 1987 - HISTORY.com Butcher of Lyon on trial - May 11, 1987 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Butcher of Lyon on trial [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Butcher of Lyon on trial [PAR] Author [PAR] Butcher of Lyon on trial [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Klaus Barbie, the former Nazi Gestapo chief of German-occupied Lyon, France, goes on trial in Lyon more than four decades after the end of World War II. He was charged with 177 crimes against humanity. [PAR] As chief of Nazi Germany\u2019s secret police in Lyon, Barbie sent 7,500 French Jews and French Resistance partisans to concentration camps, and executed some 4,000 others. Among other atrocities, Barbie personally tortured and executed many of his prisoners. In 1943, he captured Jean Moulin, the leader of the French Resistance, and had him slowly beaten to death. In 1944, Barbie rounded up 44 young Jewish children and their seven teachers hiding in a boarding house in Izieu and deported them to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Of the 51, only one teacher survived. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to retreat from Lyon, he organized one last deportation train that took hundreds of people to the death camps. [PAR] Barbie returned to Germany, and at the end of the war burned off his SS identification tattoo and assumed a new identity. With former SS officers, he engaged in underground anti-communist activity and in June 1947 surrendered himself to the U.S. Counter-Intelligence Corps (CIC) after the Americans offered him money and protection in exchange for his intelligence services. Barbie worked as a U.S. agent in Germany for two years, and the Americans shielded him from French prosecutors trying to track him down. In 1949, Barbie and his family were smuggled by the Americans to South America. [PAR] Assuming the name of Klaus Altmann, Barbie settled in Bolivia and continued his work as a U.S. agent. He became a successful businessman and advised the military regimes of Bolivia. In 1971, the oppressive dictator Hugo Banzer Suarez came to power, and Barbie helped him set up brutal internment camps for his many political opponents. During his 32 years in Bolivia, Barbie also served as an officer in the Bolivian secret police, participated in drug-running schemes, and founded a rightist death squad. He regularly traveled to Europe, and even visited France, where he had been tried in absentia in 1952 and 1954 for his war crimes and sentenced to death. [PAR] In 1972, the Nazi hunters Serge Klarsfeld and Beatte Kunzel discovered Barbie\u2019s whereabouts in Bolivia, but Banzer Suarez refused to extradite him to France. In the early 1980s, a liberal Bolivian regime came to power and agreed to extradite Barbie in exchange for French aid. On January 19, 1983, Barbie was arrested, and on February 7 he arrived in France. The statute of limitations had expired on his in-absentia convictions from the 1950s; he would have to be tried again. The U.S. government formally apologized to France for its conduct in the Barbie case later that year. [PAR] Legal wrangling, especially between the groups representing his victims, delayed his trial for four years. Finally, on May 11, 1987, the \u201cButcher of Lyon,\u201d as he was known in France, went on trial for his crimes against humanity. In a courtroom twist unimaginable four decades earlier, Barbie was defended by three minority lawyers\u2013an Asian, an African, and an Arab\u2013who made the dramatic case that the French and the Jews were as guilty of crimes against humanity as Barbie or any other Nazi. Barbie\u2019s lawyers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? [PAR] Article Updated: 29 Jan , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Here on Earth, we to end to not give our measurements of time much thought. Unless we\u2019re griping about Time Zones, enjoying the extra day of a Leap Year, or contemplating the rationality of Daylight Savings Time, we tend to take it all for granted. But when you consider the fact that increments like a year are entirely relative, dependent on a specific space and place, you begin to see how time really works. [PAR] Here on Earth, we consider a year to be 365 days. Unless of course it\u2019s a Leap Year, which takes place every four years (in which it is 366). But the actual definition of a year is the time it takes our planet to complete a single orbit around the Sun. So if you were to put yourself in another frame of reference \u2013 say, another planet \u2013 a year would work out to something else. Let\u2019s see just how long a year is on the other planets, shall we? [PAR] A Year On Mercury: [PAR] To put it simply, Mercury has an orbital period of 88 days (87.969 to be exact), which means a single year is 88 Earth days \u2013 or the equivalent of about 0.241 Earth years. But here\u2019s the thing. Because of Mercury\u2019s slow rotation (once every 58.646 days) and its rapid orbital speed (47.362 km/s), one day on Mercury actually works out to 175.96 Earth days. [PAR] MESSENGER maps of Mercury \u2013 a monochrome map at 250 m/pixel and an eight-color (left), 1-km/pixel color map. Small gaps will be filled in during the next solar day (right). Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University APL/Carnegie Institution of Washington [PAR] So basically, a single year on Mercury is half as long as a Mercurian (aka. Hermian) day. This is due to Mercury being the closest planet to the Sun, ranging from 46,001,200 km at perihelion to 69,816,900 km at aphelion. At that distance, the planet shoots around the Sun faster than any other in our Solar System and has the shortest year. [PAR] In the course of a year, Mercury experiences intense variations in surface temperature \u2013 ranging from 80 \u00b0K (-193.15 \u00b0C;-315.67 \u00b0F) to 700 \u00b0K (426.85 \u00b0C; 800.33 \u00b0F). However, this is due to the planet\u2019s varying distance from the Sun and its spin, which subjects one side to extended periods of extremely hot temperatures and one side to extended periods of night. Mercury\u2019s low axial tilt (0.034\u00b0) and its rapid orbital period means that there really is no seasonal variation on Mercury. Basically, one part of the year is as hellishly hot, or horribly cold, as any other. [PAR] A Year On Venus: [PAR] The second closest planet to our Sun, Venus completes a single orbit once ever 224.7 days. This means that a single year on Venus works out to about 0.6152 Earth years. But, once again, things are complicated by the fact that Venus has an unusual rotation period. In fact, Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis \u2013 the slowest rotation of any planet \u2013 and its rotation is retrograde to its orbital path. [PAR] The planet Venus, as imagined by the Magellan 10 mission. Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Combined with its orbital period, this means that a single solar day on Venus (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lips Sofa - Les Parfums Salvador Dali Lips Sofa - Les Parfums Salvador Dali [PAR] Lips Sofa [PAR] Itislove, Eau de Toilette [PAR] 15,00 \u20ac [PAR] Itislove interprets in 2008 Dali's Lips Sofa , with the Dali lips in a tender kiss at the center of its round bottle. [PAR] INSPIRATIONS [PAR] Lips Sofa [PAR] Fascinated with the sensually provocative lips of Hollywood actress Mae West, making headlines in the thirties, Salvador Dali painted the famous sultry movie star\u2019s portrait entitled Mae West\u2019s Face Which May be Used as a Surrealist Apartment. [PAR] With boundless creativity, the artist painted a canvas depicting a theater where every element, viewed as a whole, portrays one of the actress's facial features. Her golden hair is the stage curtain, her eyes two separate paintings, her nose becomes a chimney and her lips....a sofa! [PAR] In 1974, Dali designed a set with Oscar Tusquets for his Theater Museum in Figueras, using the elements from his painting and whose red lips sofa would become one of his best known and most avant-garde creations. [PAR] This new interpretation of lips, a true symbol of femininity according to the surrealists, inspired a Parfums Salvador Dali feminine fragrance collection, the Lips Sofa Collection. [PAR] Itislove, Eau de Toilette [PAR] 15,00 \u20ac [PAR] Itislove interprets in 2008 Dali's Lips Sofa , with the Dali lips in a tender kiss at the center of its round bottle. [PAR] INSPIRATIONS [PAR] Lips Sofa [PAR] Fascinated with the sensually provocative lips of Hollywood actress Mae West, making headlines in the thirties, Salvador Dali painted the famous sultry movie star\u2019s portrait entitled Mae West\u2019s Face Which May be Used as a Surrealist Apartment. [PAR] With boundless creativity, the artist painted a canvas depicting a theater where every element, viewed as a whole, portrays one of the actress's facial features. Her golden hair is the stage curtain, her eyes two separate paintings, her nose becomes a chimney and her lips....a sofa! [PAR] In 1974, Dali designed a set with Oscar Tusquets for his Theater Museum in Figueras, using the elements from his painting and whose red lips sofa would become one of his best known and most avant-garde creations. [PAR] This new interpretation of lips, a true symbol of femininity according to the surrealists, inspired a Parfums Salvador Dali feminine fragrance collection, the Lips Sofa Collection."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheddar village, Somerset, UK Cheddar village, Somerset, UK [PAR] Cheddar village, Somerset, UK [PAR] Local Community and Tourist Information [PAR] Welcome to the original Cheddar Village web site \u2013 for everything regarding things to see and do in and around Cheddar village itself, the Gorge and Caves, getting about, community projects and local events \u2013 with links to businesses, jobs, properties, and more besides. Visit the noticeboard page for news of the latest events, classes, clubs etc. Add this site to your bookmarks or favourites \u2013 make it your first port of call for local news, events and information. [PAR] About Cheddar [PAR] Cheddar is a parish in Somerset known throughout the world as the origin of Cheddar Cheese, which has been produced here since the 12th Century and to this day is still stored in the Cheddar Caves to mature. [PAR] Cheddar has a number of distinct aspects; the main village with everyday shops, banks, and historic buildings including the Market Cross (pictured here); the tea rooms and gift shops of the Lower Gorge area which also includes the Cheddar Cheese factory; the Caves and Gorge tourist attraction owned and run by Longleat (part of the estate of Lord and Lady Weymouth of TV fame); and the open countryside above and around the Gorge, which is part owned by the National Trust and is within the boundary of the Mendip Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. There is also a wide expanse of flat moorland to the south of the village which is ideal cycling country. Find out more by following the links in the menu above. [PAR] CHEDDAR WALKING [PAR] Cheddar is part of the national Walkers are Welcome scheme which provides a national framework for all locations wanting to attract visiting walkers. We have a number of walks in and around the village and also organise individual walks as well as an annual festival. Many local businesses support our membership by providing walker-specific services. Find out more on the Cheddar Walking web site . [PAR] LOCAL EVENTS AND NOTICES [PAR] To share your notices here, just double click on the corkboard area and start typing, it\u2019s as simple as that. New notices will be usually be reviewed within 48 hours and old notices deleted after their dates have passed. Do also make sure you send them to the editor of the printed Cheddar Challenger ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benetton's 'Dual Supply Chain' System|Operations|Case ... Benetton's 'Dual Supply Chain' System|Operations|Case Study|Case Studies [PAR] Benetton's 'Dual Supply Chain' System [PAR] [PAR] Custom Search [PAR] Please note: [PAR] This case study was compiled from published sources, and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion. It is not intended to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation. Nor is it a primary information source. [PAR] Chat with us [PAR] For delivery in electronic format: Rs. 400; [PAR] For delivery through courier (within India): Rs. 400 + Rs. 25 for Shipping & Handling Charges [PAR] Themes [PAR] Apparel Retailing [PAR] Abstract: [PAR] The case discusses the dual supply chain system practiced by Italy based clothing company Benetton SpA (Benetton). During the 1980s and early 1990s, Benetton was the world leader in the casual apparel market with stores spread across the world. The company was well known for its postponement strategy, wherein the dyeing of the garment was postponed till the colors in vogue for the season were identified. By the late 1990s, Benetton could not compete with the fast fashion retailers which were launching several collections a year, as against only two collections brought out by Benetton. In order to meet the changing demands of the customers, Benetton revamped its supply chain, and opted for a Dual Supply Chain system. [PAR] In this system, production was carried out in Asian and European countries, depending on the time required to market the product. The dual supply chain focused both on pull as well as push based demand. After implementing the new supply chain system, Benetton was able to launch five collections in each season, with some of the collections incorporating the latest trends. The case explains the postponement strategy of Benetton, the supply chain problems it faced in the late 1990s and the Dual Supply Chain system. [PAR] Issues: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Analyze the supply chain operations of Benetton. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Understand the postponement strategy of Benetton. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Study the production and distribution process followed by Benetton. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Critically evaluate the 'Dual Supply Chain' of Benetton. [PAR] Contents:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nobel Prize for Physics - Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen - Biographical [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen - Biographical [PAR] Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen was born on March 27, 1845, at Lennep in the Lower Rhine Province of Germany, as the only child of a merchant in, and manufacturer of, cloth. His mother was Charlotte Constanze Frowein of Amsterdam, a member of an old Lennep family which had settled in Amsterdam. [PAR] When he was three years old, his family moved to Apeldoorn in The Netherlands, where he went to the Institute of Martinus Herman van Doorn, a boarding school. He did not show any special aptitude, but showed a love of nature and was fond of roaming in the open country and forests. He was especially apt at making mechanical contrivances, a characteristic which remained with him also in later life. In 1862 he entered a technical school at Utrecht, where he was however unfairly expelled, accused of having produced a caricature of one of the teachers, which was in fact done by someone else. [PAR] He then entered the University of Utrecht in 1865 to study physics. Not having attained the credentials required for a regular student, and hearing that he could enter the Polytechnic at Zurich by passing its examination, he passed this and began studies there as a student of mechanical engineering. He attended the lectures given by Clausius and also worked in the laboratory of Kundt. Both Kundt and Clausius exerted great influence on his development. In 1869 he graduated Ph.D. at the University of Zurich, was appointed assistant to Kundt and went with him to W\u00fcrzburg in the same year, and three years later to Strasbourg. [PAR] In 1874 he qualified as Lecturer at Strasbourg University and in 1875 he was appointed Professor in the Academy of Agriculture at Hohenheim in W\u00fcrttemberg. In 1876 he returned to Strasbourg as Professor of Physics, but three years later he accepted the invitation to the Chair of Physics in the University of Giessen. [PAR] After having declined invitations to similar positions in the Universities of Jena (1886) and Utrecht (1888), he accepted it from the University of W\u00fcrzburg (1888), where he succeeded Kohlrausch and found among his colleagues Helmholtz and Lorenz. In 1899 he declined an offer to the Chair of Physics in the University of Leipzig, but in 1900 he accepted it in the University of Munich, by special request of the Bavarian government, as successor of E. Lommel. Here he remained for the rest of his life, although he was offered, but declined, the Presidency of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt at Berlin and the Chair of Physics of the Berlin Academy. [PAR] R\u00f6ntgen's first work was published in 1870, dealing with the specific heats of gases, followed a few years later by a paper on the thermal conductivity of crystals. Among other problems he studied were the electrical and other characteristics of quartz; the influence of pressure on the refractive indices of various fluids; the modification of the planes of polarised light by electromagnetic influences; the variations in the functions of the temperature and the compressibility of water and other fluids; the phenomena accompanying the spreading of oil drops on water. [PAR] R\u00f6ntgen's name, however, is chiefly associated with his discovery of the rays that he called X-rays. In 1895 he was studying the phenomena accompanying the passage of an electric current through a gas of extremely low pressure. Previous work in this field had already been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name of the convenience store clerk in the ... What is the name of the convenience store clerk in the Simpsons? | Celebrity Ethnicity \u00b7 What is Nationality Race Background of Celebrities? [PAR] Celebrity Ethnicity \u00b7 What is Nationality Race Background of Celebrities? [PAR] celebrities ethnicities, famous people quotes, hollywood gossip ethics, what is height weight, celebrity biography nationality [PAR] Popular Posts [PAR] Paul Pierce ethnicity , heritage, race, religion, ethics, hair and eye color, background, weight and height. paul pierce wife dunking ... [PAR] Labels [PAR] What is the name of the convenience store clerk in the Simpsons? [PAR] -Apu Nahasapeemapetilon (name ethnicity Indian American) [PAR] Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik-E-Mart [PAR] 1) What is Lisa's favorite cartoon? [PAR] The Happy Little Elves (If you said \"Itchy and Scratchy,\" you are also right.) [PAR] 2) What is Bart's favorite cartoon? [PAR] Itchy and Scratchy [PAR] 3) Who is Lisa's musical idol? [PAR] Bleedin' Gums Murphy [PAR] 4) What is the school Principal's name? [PAR] Seymour Skinner [PAR] 5) What are the names of Marge's sisters? [PAR] Patty and Selma [PAR] 6) Which one has devoted her life to celibacy? [PAR] Patty [PAR] 7) What is the name of the convenience store clerk? [PAR] Apu [PAR] 8) What does Krusty the Clown endorse? [PAR] Pork Products [PAR] 9) What is the name of Homer's favorite Bar? [PAR] Moe's Tavern [PAR] 10) What is the full name of the founder of Springfield? [PAR] Jebadiah Obediah Zacharia Jedediah Springfield [PAR] 11) What was the name of the three-eyed fish? [PAR] Blinky [PAR] 12) What is Marge's maiden name? [PAR] Bouvier [PAR] 13) What is Homer's favorite food? [PAR] Pork Chops [PAR] 14) What is Homer's boss's name? [PAR] Charles Montgomery Burns [PAR] 15) What was his (Homer's boss) campaign jingle? [PAR] \"Only a moron wouldn't cast his vote for Monty Burns!\" [PAR] 16) What is the Simpson's dog's name? [PAR] Santa's Little Helper [PAR] 17) What was the name of the space aliens' book? [PAR] How to Cook for Forty Humans [PAR] 18) What instrument does Lisa play? [PAR] Saxophone [PAR] 19) Who was the voice of Homer's half-brother? [PAR] Danny DeVito [PAR] 20) What did Bart's tattoo say? [PAR] MOTH [PAR] 21) Complete this phrase: 'I'm Bart Simpson, ...' [PAR] 'who the hell are you?' [PAR] 22) What is Homer's favorite Beer? [PAR] Duff [PAR] 23) Who wrote the theme music? [PAR] Danny Elfman [PAR] 24) What is the Bus driver's name? [PAR] Otto [PAR] 25) What is '20 tons and 4 stories of car crunching, firebreathing, prehistoric insanity'? [PAR] Truckasaurus [PAR] 26) How old is Bart? [PAR] 10 [PAR] 27) What did Bart and Lisa sing in the Karaoke bar in the sushi restaurant? [PAR] Theme song to 'Shaft' [PAR] 28) How did Bart get kicked out of heaven? [PAR] Spit over the side of the escalator [PAR] 29) What year did Homer and Marge meet? [PAR] 1974 [PAR] 30) What did Bart use to defoliate the school yard? [PAR] Sodium Tetrasulfate [PAR] 31) Who is the voice of Marge? [PAR] Julie Kavner [PAR] 32) What is the name of the Governor? [PAR] Mary Bailey [PAR] 33) Who was Marge's bowling instructor? [PAR] Jacques [PAR] 34) What was the name of Krusty's evil companion? [PAR] Sideshow Bob [PAR] 35) What is the full name of the Simpson's family doctor? [PAR] Dr. Julius Hibert [PAR] 36) Which of the following movies were not referenced in various episodes: The Karate Kid, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Vertigo [PAR] Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles [PAR] 37) What did Homer get when he was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Motul - What's up ? - London to Brighton Veteran Car Run - UK Motul - What's up ? - London to Brighton Veteran Car Run - UK [PAR] London to Brighton Veteran Car Run - UK [PAR] 16.11.2011 [PAR] The London to Brighton Veteran Car Run, a must-see, atypical event! [PAR] For the second consecutive year, Motul was one of the official partners of the famous London to Brighton Veteran Car Run, a most atypical event between London and Brighton, reserved for pre-1905 vehicles! [PAR] Traditionally organised during the first weekend of November, the run brought together on 5 and 6 November no less than 550 vehicles from all over the world. Their owners came along, as on a pilgrimage, to relive during the weekend the emancipation race that took place in 1896 to celebrate the enactment of a new law authorising cars to drive at the amazing speed of 14 mph (22.5 km/h) compared with the previous 4mph (6.5 km/h). [PAR] This year, at the end of the 54 miles (87 km) from London to Brighton, no fewer than 420 cars made it to the arrival line for the greatest pleasure of their owners and also the public massed along the resort's roads. Even if the organisers wish to recall that the event is not a race \u2013 the average speed is moreover limited to 20mph (32 km/h) \u2013 we can nevertheless hail Matt Roberts' performance. At the wheel of his Marot Gardon tricycle dating from 1897, Matt was the first to pass under the arrival arch three hours twenty-five minutes after departing from London. [PAR] As a partner of the event, various representatives of Motul England and Motul Corporate were present to hand a certain number of trophies and to accompany a French TV channel that had come to report on the event. [PAR] Related articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bruce Willis, Demi Moore, Scout, Tallulah, Rumer in Family ... Bruce Willis, Demi Moore, Scout, Tallulah, Rumer in Family Portrait - Us Weekly [PAR] A photo posted by tallulah (@buuski) on Apr 13, 2015 at 7:03pm PDT [PAR] [PAR] Rumer Willis ' family fan club was out in full force to watch her performance on Monday, April 13's Dancing With the Stars \u2014 and the usually disparate family made the most of their sudden unity, posing for a \"rare\" family portrait with huge beaming faces! [PAR] PHOTOS: Demi Moore through the years [PAR] The whole Willis/Moore clan turned out to cheer Rumer, 26, on as she brought the house down with her super-sexy Disney-themed samba with partner Valentin Chmerkovskiy. Demi Moore , 52, Scout Willis, 23, and Tallulah Willis, 21, were seated in the front row, while dad Bruce Willis , 60, and new wife Emma Heming, 36, sat behind. [PAR] And displaying the amazing relationship the Willis girls and their now-divorced parents share, the gang cuddled up for a completely adorable group photo after the performance, Rumer still wearing her Ursula (from The Little Mermaid) wig. [PAR] Proud dad Bruce is literally beaming as he leans forward from the second row to join the family snap. Mom Demi, DWTS contestant Rumer and sister Scout are pulling pouts while Tallulah looks as over-excited as her dad! [PAR] Sharing the snap via Twitter after the show, Tallulah captioned the image \"#familyportrait #rare.\" [PAR] PHOTOS: Before they were on DWTS [PAR] But while a full family get-together might not be a regular occurrence, there was no doubt that each member of team Rumer enjoyed every second of their time together on Monday night. [PAR] \"The whole Willis/Moore group was super cute and enthusiastic throughout the whole show,\" one onlooker told Us Weekly . \"They kept pointing and waving up at Rumer in the skybox and cheering for her. When Rumer did her incredible dance they were all screaming and jumping up and down. Even Bruce was super excited! It was adorable.\"[DOC] [TLE] Rumer, Scout and Tallulah Willis Shower Demi ... - People.com Mother's Day 2015: Demi Moore's Daughters Post Throwback Photos [PAR] Demi Moore was feeling the Mother\u2019s Day love. [PAR] The actress\u2019s three daughters with ex-husband Bruce Willis flooded social media Sunday with an impressive display of old pictures and kind words to honor their mom. [PAR] Tallulah , Scout and Rumer Willis each took to Instagram and Twitter to thank Moore, 52, for being an \u201cincredible woman,\u201d as 26-year-old Rumer wrote. [PAR] The Dancing with the Stars competitor and eldest sis posted a throwback photo of Moore holding a young Rumer in her arms. [PAR] \u201cThank you for bringing me into this world and teaching me what it means to be a woman,\u201d she captioned the picture. \u201cI will never cease to be in awe of your strength, wisdom and generosity.\u201d [PAR] A photo posted by Rumer Willis (@ruelarue) on [PAR] May 10, 2015 at 1:46pm PDT [PAR] Scout, the 23-year-old middle child , took to Twitter to share several old pictures of her look-alike mama. [PAR] Love my mama pic.twitter.com/FfirSuHa1Q [PAR] \u2014 Scout LaRue Willis (@Scout_Willis) May 10, 2015 [PAR] Next to shots of Moore in The Butcher\u2019s Wife, Scout wrote, \u201cMama being my actual doppelg\u00e4nger.\u201d [PAR] Mama being my actual doppelg\u00e4nger pic.twitter.com/DRuVlD9nAv [PAR] \u2014 Scout LaRue Willis (@Scout_Willis) May 11, 2015 [PAR] She also captured in a Vine video one of the life lessons she learned from Moore in the 1991 film. The actress says in the clip, \u201cYou know what? Life is life, and it\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Points, classification and race distance - Formula 1\u00ae Points, classification and race distance [PAR] Points, classification and race distance [PAR] Share [PAR] What the sporting regulations say: [PAR] Formula One races are of near identical distance, calculated in the regulations as the least number of laps required to exceed 305 kilometres. Some races invariably take longer than others however due to the differing average speeds of circuits. [PAR] The Formula One World Championship driver's title will be awarded to the driver who has scored the highest number of points. [PAR] Article 6.1 of the 2017 FIA Sporting Regulations [PAR] The only exception is Monaco, where the race distance is calculated as the minimum number of laps exceeding 260 kilometres. [PAR] However, a two-hour cut-off applies to all Grands Prix. If this is exceeded, the leading driver will be shown the chequered flag on the lap during which the two-hour mark elapsed. [PAR] At the conclusion of each Grand Prix, the top ten finishers will score points towards both the drivers\u2019 and constructors\u2019 world championships, according to the following scale: [PAR] 1st : 25 points [PAR] 9th : 2 points [PAR] 10th : 1 point [PAR] The only exception to this is when a race is suspended and cannot be restarted. In that instance half points will be awarded if less than 75 percent of the race distance has been completed, while no points will be awarded if less than two laps have been completed. [PAR] Any driver who completes over 90 percent of the race will be classified as a finisher, regardless of whether they were running as the winner took the chequered flag. [PAR] The drivers' and constructors' championship titles are awarded to the driver and constructor who score the most points over the course of the season. [PAR] In the event of any ties for position, the driver with superior race results (based on descending order, from number of wins to numbers of second-places down) will gain precedence."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Gelato? - Walks of Italy Blog What is Gelato? [PAR] What is Gelato? [PAR] What is gelato? Maybe the real question is... if it looks this good, do you care? [PAR] What is gelato? Maybe the real question is\u2026 if it looks this good, do you care? [PAR] No matter the season or region, there\u2019s one Italian food that never fails to please: gelato. [PAR] But what exactly is this Italian answer to ice cream? Where did it come from? And what makes it so different (and delicious!)? [PAR] First, frozen treats aren\u2019t new. Even in the times of ancient Rome, Italians ate confections made of ice or snow. (One recipe given in the 4th-century cookbook Apicius includes setting cooked meats and vegetables into a meat jelly, cooling the whole concoction, and serving it sprinkled with snow. Maybe not such a crowd-pleaser today). [PAR] Anything closer to what we know as modern gelato, though, seems to have been developed during the Renaissance. Florence\u2019s Boboli Gardens still have an ice-house built by the Medici in 1612, and a 1595 banquet in the city featured sculptures made out of sorbet. By the late 17th century, ice cream seems to have taken off. A recipe book even was printed in Naples, still one of the best places in Italy to try gelato, with a variety of delicious sorbet ideas, from ice cream thickened with candied pumpkin to gelato flavored with lemon blossom water. By the 19th century, we all screamed for ice cream \u2014 and in Italy, gelato (meaning \u201csomething frozen\u201d) became the accepted word for the frozen treat. [PAR] Gelato: Always a crowd-pleaser! [PAR] So if gelato just means \u201cfrozen,\u201d what is gelato today\u2026 and why does it taste so different from the ice cream elsewhere? [PAR] First, traditional gelato has way less butterfat. About 4 to 8 percent of gelato is butterfat, compared to 14 percent for ice cream in the United States. That means gelato freezes less solidly than ice cream (and it\u2019s actually served about 10 to 15 degrees warmer than ice cream), so it melts in your mouth faster. [PAR] Second, gelato has a much higher density. To make ice cream, producers mix cream, milk, sugar \u2014 and then add air, which increases volume, and water, which increases weight. But all that air and water makes for a much less-flavorful sweet. In Europe, meanwhile, regulations prevent you from that kind of process, called \u201coverrun.\u201d In Italy, you can\u2019t legally increase an ice cream\u2019s weight with water and volume with air. (That said, you can buy an industrial \u201cmix,\u201d add flavors, put it in stainless steel trays, and call it \u201cartisanal\u201d). [PAR] Finally, most commercial ice creams elsewhere are made for long-term storage. (That\u2019s why they\u2019re more fully frozen and have a higher fat content). Gelato, though, is frozen quickly in small batches. That means it\u2019s much fresher and higher-quality \u2014 and that truly artisanal gelato has to be eaten within a couple of days of being made."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Money Slang : Cockney Rhyming Slang Money Slang : Cockney Rhyming Slang [PAR] Follow @CockneyRabbit [PAR] Money Slang [PAR] There is scads of Cockney slang for money. Much of it derives from the designs on the notes - five pounds, ten pounds, twenty pounds. [PAR] The first things you gotta learn are that five pounds is a fiver, and ten pounds is a tenner. Then you gotta know the key money values: \u00a320 is a Score, \u00a325 is a Pony, \u00a3100 is a Ton, \u00a3500 is a Monkey, and \u00a31000 is a Grand. [PAR] Here's our list of terms from the dictionary that are money-related. If you've got any more, sling 'em over![DOC] [TLE] Money Slang - Cockney Rhyming Slang Money Slang [PAR] \ufffd50 [Thanks to Scott Hobson. If anyone know the origin of this please let me know.] [PAR] Tosheroon [PAR] Half crown [Thanks to Sue Allen who read this in Sidney Day's London Born] [PAR] I was being asked very often where the terms \"monkey\" and \"pony\" came from. I've received the following which hopefully clears this question up. [PAR] Stephen Cheshire has provided the following: With reference to a 'monkey' for \ufffd500. I was once told that it came from soldiers returning from India where the 500 rupee note had a picture of a monkey on it. They used the term monkey for 500 rupees and on returning to England the saying was converted for sterling to mean \ufffd500. [PAR] This has been confirmed by Jason Beckett who also believes that the 25 rupee note had a picture of a pony on it. [PAR] Mathew Jackson confirms this. [PAR] Ian Crossley says: Pony comes from the time when five pound notes were white and the cost of horses or ponies and the wedding carriage and the main expenses was approx \ufffd25. People used to say \"I'll pay for the pony in white\", referring to the colour of the money and the wedding. Therefore five white fivers became a pony roughly the cost of a wedding. [PAR] On the other hand, Henry Charles believes the references come from diamond mining , where a monkey means 50 carats and pony 100 carats, modified to mean \ufffd50 and \ufffd100 respectively. [PAR] The pound note is just an IOU. It promises to pay the bearer on demand a pound in weight of coinage. Coinage was originally transacted in weights. Often a mixture of coins did not weigh exactly a pound or half a pound, in fact they often had to split a coin to make the mixture of coins weigh exactly what was required. To make the splitting of a coin easier, certain coins were stamped with a cross. This enabled a coin to be split easily in half or quarters. This cross was likened to a star, the coins where soon nicknamed 'starlings', this word eventually evolved to what we now know as STERLING. English coins where split into four, each quarter was nicknamed a fourthing or fourling, this word evolved into FARTHING. Many foreign coins had more elements to their stars and their coins where split into eighths, hence the term PIECES OF EIGHT. A lot of these coins where of Hispanic origin and the term associated with these coins developed in the American version of English which is where the Americans get the term 'TWO BIT THIS' or 'TWO BIT THAT' from. Many people think the term 'wedge' is a recent slang term or relatively modern term, this is not the case. When a coin was split into quarters or eighths the shape was of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buzek elected European Parliament's president (15/07/2009 ... Buzek elected European Parliament's president (15/07/2009) - Vita.it [PAR] Buzek elected European Parliament's president [PAR] di [PAR] 15 Luglio Lug 2009 1637 15 luglio 2009 [PAR] Former Polish prime minister to head the European Parliament for two-and-a-half years [PAR] ... [PAR] ... [PAR] Former Polish prime minister to head the European Parliament for two-and-a-half years [PAR] Polish centre-right MEP Jerzy Buzek was elected yesterday, July 14th, as the president of the European Parliament by a massive majority. [PAR] Buzek, a former prime minister of Poland, received 555 of 644 votes cast. His only rival, Swedish far-left MEP Eva-Britt Svensson, received 89 votes. [PAR] In his speech Buzek thanked MEPs who had voted for him and promised to \"try to convince\" those who had not supported him. \"I intend to work with all of you regardless of political convictions,\" he said. [PAR] He pledged to work on human rights and reforming the Parliament. He said it was important to bring citizens closer to the EU as they were becoming \"more and more indifferent\". [PAR] Morevoer, Buzek declared that citizens expected the EU institutions to \"get us out of the crisis\" and ensure there were jobs. He also stressed the importance of energy security and tackling climate change. [PAR] Underlining the significance of the Lisbon treaty, Buzek stated it was essential for making the EU more effective, especially on the international stage. [PAR] Buzek received congratulations from most political group leaders, many of whom echoed the symbolic importance of electing someone from central and eastern Europe as the president of parliament. [PAR] Also Jos\u00e9 Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission, expressed his \"heartfelt congratulations\" to Buzek. He said Buzek's election 20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall was \"a resounding victory for a united Europe\". He said he believed Buzek was \"predestined to act as a powerful president of the European Parliament\" and called for the Commission and the Parliament to work together to be the \"driving force\" of the EU. [PAR] Source:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LeonardRossiter.com: Rigsby Online - Rigsbyisms LeonardRossiter.com: Rigsby Online - Rigsbyisms [PAR] Rigsby Online: The Authorised Rising Damp web site [PAR] Rigsbyisms [PAR] The Collected Wisdom Of Rupert Rigsby, being a thematic dictionary of opinions and witticisms from the series. [PAR] Click on a thumbnail image to view full size [PAR] All text is copyright Eric Chappell [PAR] [PAR] Africa & culture [PAR] Rigsby tells Philip what he's heard about African women. (The New Tenant). [PAR] - You're very hard on your women aren't you, making them walk for miles with pots on their heads? [PAR] Alan tells Rigsby that Philip has got ten wives. (Black Magic). [PAR] - Ten wives? Bloody hell! Of course, marriage doesn't mean the same to that lot, does it? They get married whenever there's a hurricane. [PAR] Philip insists Rigsby's suit has no flair. (A Night Out). [PAR] - I suppose you'd improve it with a few beads and a shrunken head. [PAR] Philip tells Rigsby that in his country the 'skinning men' deal with prowler types, by skinning them alive. (The Prowler). [PAR] - I bet they don't feel like sliding down the drainpipes after that! [PAR] Philip jokes that losers in African elections are torn apart between two trees. (Stand Up And Be Counted). [PAR] - Well that's one way of losing your deposit. [PAR] Rigsby gives Philip his description of Africa. (Food Glorious Food). [PAR] - Lovely climate, clear skies, blue sea. The only trouble is, the beach goes back 500 miles. [PAR] Rigsby tells Alan why the Africans weren't very industrious. (Food Glorious Food). [PAR] - They just laid out under the palms and read the Kama Sutra. [PAR] Rigsby tells Alan that half of Africans won't eat the 'sacred cow', while some believe in reincarnation. (Food Glorious Food). [PAR] - They won't eat anything, in case it's someone they knew. [PAR] - That's why they won't do any digging. If they put a spade through a worm, they think they've cut granny in half. [PAR] Rigsby says Miss Jones could be useful to Philip in Africa, but Alan asks how, as he's got ten (black) wives already. (A Body Like Mine). [PAR] - Well... as a marker. [PAR] Rigsby tells Philip to be grateful to Seymour, an ex-African missionary. (The Perfect Gentleman). [PAR] - He stopped you shrinking heads and eating each other. [PAR] Rigsby advises the gas man against cutting off his supply. (Last Of The Big Spenders). [PAR] - We've got an African chief upstairs. You cut his gas off, it could be a diplomatic incident. [PAR] Rigsby tells Alan that Philip's race are very superstitious. (Things That Go Bump In The Night). [PAR] - You know, when they first had petrol stations out there, they spent three years worshipping the pumps. [PAR] Rigsby thinks Philip's girlfriend Lucy is Philip's present to Rigsby from Africa, although she is from Northampton. (For The Man Who Has Everything). [PAR] - You'll find things easier here. No walking for miles with a pot on your head. [PAR] - It's the same with the washing - no need to hump it down to the river. [PAR] - There's no need to walk ten paces behind me when we go to Tesco's. [PAR] - There's no need to call me 'Bwana'. [PAR] Rigsby tells Philip that a car is essential in this country. (Clunk Click). [PAR] - You can't travel by jungle creeper round here, you know. [PAR] Rigsby tells Philip that climbing onto the roof is not easy. (The Good Samaritan). [PAR] - This is going to be a bit"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | GARDINER DAM Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | GARDINER DAM [PAR] Encyclopedia of the Great Plains [PAR] About [PAR] GARDINER DAM [PAR] Located sixty miles south of Saskatoon on the South Saskatchewan River, the Gardiner Dam was named in honor of federal Minister of Agriculture James G. Gardiner, who fought for its creation for many years. Construction began in 1958 and the dam was completed in 1967. It is 210 feet in height and 16,700 feet in length. Diefenbaker Lake, the reservoir the dam created, is 140 miles long with a shoreline of about 475 miles; it covers an area of 109,600 acres and has a total storage capacity of 8 million acre feet. At the time of its construction the Gardiner Dam, which cost $121 million, was second only to the St. Lawrence Seaway in terms of Canadian publicly funded projects. A Saskatchewan study in 1996 placed the cost in today's money at $1 billion. It is the largest earth-filled dam in Canada and one of the largest in the world. [PAR] The political will that fueled the undertaking flowed directly from the experience of the \"dirty thirties.\" The dam is located in a region described by the explorer James Palliser in 1859 as being unfit for human habitation, an area known for extreme droughts, with crop failures expected three years out of ten. During the 1930s it was the home of Canada's Dust Bowl, when topsoil was torn from its base and carried by prevailing westerlies in huge black masses, leaving the farmlands barren and houses and hedges all but buried. Crops were ruined and farm life was left in disarray. Some farmers were driven from the land and some to madness and suicide. The purpose of the Gardiner Dam was to mitigate the effects of such drought by supplying irrigation as well as providing electrical power, urban water supply, flood control, and recreational opportunities. [PAR] Power generation was the first benefit to make an impact. From the moment it went online, electricity generation began to produce $10 million a year in savings. Urban water supply was soon benefiting as well. A secondary dam was built upstream from the main structure to provide a controlled flow by canal running south to serve the needs of Moose Jaw and the capital city of Regina. Other towns and hamlets and several industrial sites are also being serviced, and access to water is placed within reach of 40 percent of Saskatchewan's population. [PAR] The main reservoir and a half dozen satellite lakes fed by canals add substantially to recreational opportunities: six vacation villages, twelve fully developed parks, and three major marinas have been established. Flood control is generally a minor consideration, but in years of high river runoff it is crucially important, and in an average year it is responsible for a savings of $44,000 in flood damage by controlling the flow through the dam's spillways. [PAR] Irrigation is the most significant aspect of the project. There are now almost 100,000 acres under irrigation, which has resulted in a shift to new crop mixtures, notably peas, fava beans, pinto beans, lentils, grasses, potatoes, rapeseed, mustard, and, in some isolated instances, small orchards. Oddly enough, for this part of the country, there has been a recent move into mint production\u2013a processing plant has been established in the region, with all of its production being exported to the United States, United Kingdom, as well as Japan and other Asian markets. Most of all, the project has in large part eliminated the fear of drought. As"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 5 Longest River in the Philippines | Philippine Attractions 5 Longest River in the Philippines | Philippine Attractions [PAR] 5 Longest River in the Philippines [PAR] by marvelynquiobe22 [PAR] Philippine Longest Rivers [PAR] 1.) Cagayan River \u2013 505 kmRio Grande de Cagayan or simply Cagayan River, with a total length of 505 kilometers, is the longest and widest river in the Philippines. This great river of great economic importance bisects the Cagayan Valley from north to south. Also considered as the mightiest watercourse, Cagayan River sources its water from smaller rivers and streams in the 3 most popular mountain ranges in the country namely; Sierra Madre, Caraballo and Cordillera. [PAR] Image Source [PAR] As already mentioned above, Cagayan River is the country\u2019s largest and longest river. It is situated in the most prominent and productive valley in the archipelago \u2013 the Cagayan Valley. The headwaters of Cagayan River are at the Caraballo Mountains in Central Luzon more than 1,500 meters above sea level. Cagayan River has a drainage area of about 27,300 km\u00b2. [PAR] 2.) Mindanao River \u2013 373 km [PAR] Image Source [PAR] Mindanao River or Rio Grande de Mindanao is the country\u2019s second largest river system. The river is Mindanao\u2019s 2nd largest river and has a drainage area of 23,169 km\u00b2. It is also the second longest Philippine river with a length of 373 km. [PAR] 3.) Magat River \u2013 353 km [PAR] Image Source [PAR] Magat River is one of the most popular rivers in the Philippines. It is located in Luzon and is the largest tributary of Cagayan River, the country\u2019s longest and largest river system. Magat River has an estimated drainage area of 5, 110 km\u00b2 and the Magat River Integrated Irrigation System Project is one of the largest irrigation projects in the Philippines. It is 353 km in length. [PAR] 4.) Agusan River \u2013 350 km [PAR] Agusan River in Mindanao\u2019s eastern part has a total drainage area of 10,921 km\u00b2 and an estimated length of 350 kilometers from its origin. The headwaters of the Agusan River are found in the mountains of Compostela Valley. [PAR] 5.)Pampange River [PAR] Pampanga River, which is formerly known as Rio Grande de Pampanga or Great River of Pampanga, is the Philippines 2nd largest river. Pampanga River\u2018s headwaters are located at the Sierra Madre and has a total length of 260 km and has a river\u2019s basin that covers an area of 10,540 km\u00b2.[DOC] [TLE] Cagayan River: The Longest and Largest River in the ... Cagayan River: The Longest and Largest River in the Philippines [PAR] Greek-inspired Structures of Batangas [PAR] Cagayan River: The Longest and Largest River in the Philippines [PAR] The Cagayan River, also known as the Rio Grande de Cagayan, is the longest, largest and widest river in the coutry. It is located in the Cagayan Valley region in the northeastern part of Luzon island and traverses the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Isabela and Cagayan. [PAR] by Kheem Caparas on June 19, 2012 [PAR] The Cagayan River, also known as the Rio Grande de Cagayan, is the longest, largest and widest river in the coutry. It is located in the Cagayan Valley region in the northeastern part of Luzon island and traverses the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Isabela and Cagayan. Small streams originating from Balete Pass, Cordillera, Caraballo and Sierra Madre Mountains meet other streams and rivers and flow to the Cagayan River. The famous \"lurung\" fish abound in this river during the rainy season when the river is murky and the fish swim upstream from the delta of Aparri to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michelle Obama - U.S. First Lady, Lawyer - Biography.com Michelle Obama - U.S. First Lady, Lawyer - Biography.com [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cEvery day, the people I meet inspire me, every day they make me proud, every day they remind me how blessed we are to live in the greatest nation on Earth. Serving as your first lady is an honor and a privilege.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWhen I hear about negative and false attacks, I really don't invest any energy in them, because I know who I am.\u201d [PAR] \u201cOne of the lessons that I grew up with was to always stay true to yourself and never let what somebody else says distract you from your goals.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI have the privilege of working on the issues that I choose and the issues that I feel most passionate about.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThese are the moments that define us\u2014not the day you get the promotion, not the day you win teacher of the year, but the times that force you to claw and scratch and fight just to get through the day; the moments when you get knocked down and you're wondering whether it's even worth it to get back up. Those are the times when you've got to ask yourself, who am I going to be?\u201d [PAR] \u201cThat's what's always made this country great\u2014embracing the diversity of experience and opinion that surrounds us everywhere we go.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThe only difference between me and every other woman that I know is that my challenges are publicized, and I'm doing this juggling in front of cameras.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWe should always have three friends in our lives\u2014one who walks ahead who we look up to and we follow; one who walks beside us, who is with us every step of our journeys; and then, one who we reach back for and we bring along after we've cleared the way.\u201d [PAR] \u201cPeople told me, \"You can do it all. Just stay the course, get your education and you can raise a child, stay thin, be in shape, love your man, look good and raise healthy children.\" That was a lie.\u201d [PAR] \u201cExercise is really important to me\u2014it's therapeutic. So if I'm ever feeling tense or stressed or like I'm about to have a meltdown, I'll put on my iPod and head to the gym or out on a bike ride along Lake Michigan with the girls.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIt would be hard for me to edit myself and still be me.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWe learned about dignity and decency\u2014that how hard you work matters more than how much you make . . . that helping others means more than just getting ahead yourself.\u201d [PAR] \u201cAs women, we must stand up for ourselves. As women, we must stand up for reach other. As women, we must stand up for justice for all.\u201d [PAR] \u201cShe's fundamentally honest\u2014goes out there, speaks her mind, jokes. She doesn't parse her words or select them with an antenna for political correctness.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Michelle Obama [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Michelle Obama was born on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois. She attended Princeton University, graduating cum laude in 1985, and went on to earn a degree from Harvard Law School in 1988. Following her graduation from Harvard, she worked at a Chicago law firm, where she met her husband, future U.S. president Barack Obama . The couple married on October 3, 1992. As first lady, she has focused her attention on current social issues, such as poverty, healthy living and education. [PAR] Michelle Obama - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:33) Watch a mini biography"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WWII Timeline of Events - World War II History WWII Timeline of Events - World War II History [PAR] Jan 04, 1944 [PAR] In a conference attended by German leaders Heinrich Himmler, Wilhelm Keitel, Albert Speer, and Fritz Sauckel, it was decided that four million people were to be conscripted from occupied territories as forced laborers for war production. One million were to be drafted from France between 1... 02.and 31 Dec 1944. ( ... ) [PAR] Jan 04, 1944 [PAR] SS Garrison Doctor Eduard Wirths notified SS Medical Officers in the sub camps belonging to Auschwitz III-Monowitz camp that as of January 4, following identification and a number check, the corpses of prisoners should be sent every day before noon directly to crematorium, bypassing the morgues in Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau. The death reports of the prisoners and the protocols of the corpse examination were to be sent, as before, to the orderly room of prisoners' hospital in Auschwitz I camp by noon on the day the corpses were delivered to the crematorium. ( ... ) [PAR] Jan 14, 1911 [PAR] USS Arkansas (BB 33) was launched. She served with the British Grand Fleet in World War I. In WWII, she participated in the Normandy Invasion, then relocated to the Pacific in 1944. After WWII, Arkansas was a target ship during Bikini Atoll Atomic bomb tests, where she was engulfed in a column of water and sunk on 25 July 1946. ( ... ) [PAR] May 25, 1911 [PAR] USS Wyoming (BB 32) was launched. Commissioned in September 1912, she later participated in the Veracruz Intervention and WWI. Following the 1930 London Treaty, Wyoming was \"demilitarized\" in early 1931 and became a training ship, receiving the hull number (AG 17). During WWII, she took on the mission of training thousands of sailors in the art and science of gunnery and operated in the Chesapeake Bay area. Decommissioned in August 1947, Wyoming was scrapped that October. ( ... ) [PAR] Jan 05, 1919 [PAR] Germans Anton Drexler, Gottfried Feder, Dietrich Eckart, Karl Harrer, and 20 others formally named their small political group the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) in Munich, Germany. The party aimed to support middle-class citizens of the Aryan race. This party was the forerunner of the Nazi Party. ( ... ) [PAR] Mar 24, 1919 [PAR] The battleship USS Idaho (BB 42) was commissioned and spent the next ten years in the Pacific. Following conversion, she was sent to the Atlantic during the beginning of WWII in Europe and returned to the Pacific following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor and participated in gunfire support of the Aleutian, Marianas, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa Campaigns. After the end of WWII, Idaho was decommissioned in Jun 1946 and sold for scrapping in Nov 1947. ( ... ) [PAR] May 23, 1939 [PAR] USS Squalus (SS-192) suffered a catastrophic main induction valve failure during a test dive off the New Hampshire coast and partially flooded. The submarine sank to the bottom and came to rest keel down in over 200 feet of water. 26 lives were lost. ( ... ) [PAR] May 24, 1939 - May 25, 1939 [PAR] Vice Admiral Allan McCann's Rescue Chamber was first used to rescue the 33 men from the sunken USS Squalus (SS-192). Four Navy divers received the Medal of Honor for their heroic actions on 24-25 May to rescue the trapped men. Squalus was decommissioned, repaired and renamed Sailfish, then recommissioned in May 1940. Sailfish successfully served in the Pacific during World War II and was sold for scrapping in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Sir Winston Churchill Conservative 1951 to 1955, 1940 to 1945 [PAR] Born [PAR] 30 November 1874, Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire [PAR] Died [PAR] 1951 to 1955, 1940 to 1945 [PAR] Political party [PAR] Education Act 1944: raised the school leavers age to 14; introduction of the 11+. [PAR] Interesting facts [PAR] Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his many published works. [PAR] More information including archive footage can be found at the Churchill War Rooms. [PAR] Winston Churchill was an inspirational statesman, writer, orator and leader who led Britain to victory in the Second World War. He served as Conservative Prime Minister twice - from 1940 to 1945 (before being defeated in the 1945 general election by the Labour leader Clement Attlee) and from 1951 to 1955. [PAR] David Cameron\u2019s Favourite Past Prime Minister [PAR] Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874, in Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire and was of rich, aristocratic ancestry. Although achieving poor grades at school, his early fascination with militarism saw him join the Royal Cavalry in 1895. As a soldier and part-time journalist, Churchill travelled widely, including trips to Cuba, Afghanistan, Egypt and South Africa. [PAR] Churchill was elected as Conservative MP for Oldham in 1900, before defecting to the Liberal Party in 1904 and spending the next decade climbing the ranks of the Liberal government. He was First Lord of the Admiralty (the civil/political head of the Royal Navy) by the time of the disastrous Gallipoli campaign, which he created. Heavily criticised for this error, he resigned from this position and travelled to the Western Front to fight himself. [PAR] The interwar years saw Churchill again \u2018cross the floor\u2019 from the Liberals, back to the Conservative Party. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1924, when he controversially opted for Britain to re-join the Gold Standard. Following the Tory electoral defeat in 1929, Churchill lost his seat and spent much of the next 11 years out of office, mainly writing and making speeches. Although he was alone in his firm opposition to Indian Independence, his warnings against the Appeasement of Nazi Germany were proven correct when the Second World War broke out in 1939. [PAR] Following Neville Chamberlain \u2019s resignation in 1940, Churchill was chosen to succeed him as Prime Minister of an all-party coalition government. [PAR] Churchill, who also adopted the self-created position of Minister for Defence, was active both in administrative and diplomatic functions in prosecuting the British war effort. Some of his most memorable speeches were given in this period, and are credited with stimulating British morale during periods of great hardship. However, Labour leader Clement Attlee \u2019s unexpected General Election victory in 1945 saw Churchill out of office and once again concentrating on public speaking. In his 1946 speech in the USA, the instinctive pro-American famously declared that \u201can iron curtain has descended across the Continent\u201d, and warned of the continued danger from a powerful Soviet Russia. [PAR] By his re-election in 1951, Churchill was, in the words of Roy Jenkins, \u201cgloriously unfit for office\u201d. Ageing and increasingly unwell, he often conducted business from his bedside, and while his powerful personality and oratory ability endured, the Prime Minister\u2019s leadership was less decisive than during the war. His second term was most notable for the Conservative Party\u2019s acceptance of Labour\u2019s newly created Welfare State, and Churchill\u2019s effect on domestic policy was limited. His later attempts at decreasing the developing Cold War through personal diplomacy failed to produce"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) - Filmsite.org Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) is a technically-marvelous film blending animated, ink-and-paint cartoon characters and flesh-and-blood live actors, in a convincing comedy/mystery noir thriller, set in Los Angeles in 1947. Earlier efforts to combine humans and ink-and-paint cartoon characters side-by-side in a film [Disney's Song of the South and Mary Poppins, for example] are considered primitive next to this film. [PAR] The film is a delightful spoof of the hard-boiled Sam Spade films and reminiscent of the recent Chinatown (1974) , (complete with a sultry, femme fatale humanoid Toon named Jessica Rabbit (Jessica Turner, uncredited, with singing voice by Amy Irving, executive producer Steven Spielberg's wife at the time), and a case involving alleged marital infidelity (\"pattycake\"), murder, a missing will, blackmail, and a conspiracy hatched by evil, Toon-hating Judge Doom (Christopher Lloyd) (of Cloverleaf Industries). Doom's plan is to bring freeways to LA, thereby ruining the existing Pacific & Electric Red Car public transport electric trolley system. [There was, in fact, a real-life corporate conspiracy to 'doom' the trolley system and encourage automobile use, orchestrated by General Motors, Firestone, and Standard Oil of California.] [PAR] The film revolves around the murder of Marvin Acme (Stubby Kaye), a gag-gift promoter and props supplier (Acme Novelty Co.) for all Toon productions and the owner of the ghetto-ized Toon-town where the Toons, regarded as a segregated minority group, live just outside Hollywood. Framed for the murder, zany Maroon Cartoon Studios actor Roger Rabbit (voice of Charles Fleischer), a stuttering, disaster-prone 'Toon,' solicits help from reluctant, hard-boiled, boozing private eye Eddie Valiant (Bob Hoskins) to clear his name. Valiant is still grief-stricken over the death of brother Ted by a falling cartoon piano, but is financially - and emotionally - supported by girlfriend Dolores (Joanna Cassidy), as he solves the case. A poster capsulized the film's plot: [PAR] It's the story of a man, a woman, and a rabbit in a triangle of trouble. [PAR] The film was a milestone in animation history, one of the top-grossing films of its year, and it received four Academy Awards, one of which was a Special Achievement Award for Animation Direction (Richard Williams). Director Robert Zemeckis must be credited for piecing together the production that involved hundreds of animators, and the special visual effects of George Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic, Amblin Entertainment, Walt Disney and other studios. As a result, it was the most expensive film of its decade, at $70 million. [PAR] It was filmed as a tribute to the entire pantheon of cartoon characters from Disney, Warner Bros., and MGM, and other studios in the 1940s. Famous cartoon voices were used (Mel Blanc for Daffy Duck, Tweety Bird, Bugs Bunny, Sylvester, and Porky Pig and Charles Fleischer for Roger, Greasy, Psycho, and Benny the Cab), and the live-action characters were coordinated with cartoon characters - the animations were drawn and inserted after the live photography was shot. Its revolutionary animation: (1) used light and shadows in new ways to produce remarkably realistic, 3-D effects; (2) extensively panned and moved the camera to reduce a static look; and (3) had the car'toon' characters interact flawlessly with real-world objects and flesh-and-blood people as much as possible. [PAR] The title of the film was derived from the plot: \"Who framed (the cartoon character) Roger Rabbit\" for a murder. It was also derived by screenwriters Jeffrey Price and Peter Seaman from the title of Gary Wolf's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthony's Film Review - Million Dollar Baby (2004) Anthony's Film Review - Million Dollar Baby (2004) [PAR] Anthony's Film Review [PAR] Million Dollar Baby (2004) [PAR] A boxing drama that is not about the sport, but about human relationships... [PAR] Million Dollar Baby starts out as your typical sports movie surrounding the trainer-trainee relationship. Clint Eastwood is Frankie Dunn, a former boxer who works as a trainer at a gym. He meets Maggie Fitzgerald, played by Hilary Swank, who is a waitress with high hopes of becoming a boxer to leave her meaningless past behind. There is tension immediately when the two first meet. She really wants to learn to fight, but he really doesn't want to teach a girl. However, she keeps trying to get his attention until he does. [PAR] Morgan Freeman also appears in the film as Eddie Dupris, another former fighter working in the same gym as Frankie. He is the one who believes in Maggie before Frankie does the same. He also functions as the narrating voice-over, as if he can see all that happens. This character, along with Frankie and Maggie, form the main cast whose interactions are the center of the story. Between Frankie and Eddie, there are some differences between the two friends. Between Eddie and Maggie, there is immediate friendship. And between Frankie and Maggie, there is a hardened teacher-student relationship that slowly grows into something like love between a father and his daughter. [PAR] With much determination, Maggie quickly grows into a boxer loved by the fans and feared by her opponents. At one point, she becomes too good when she easily beats her opponents in the first round. For Frankie, he begins to see the strength in the girl whom he thought was impossible to train. It is not long before the film reaches the last half hour, when the story's saddening climax breaks our hearts and really makes us think. [PAR] As a film that is about relationships, it is no surprise that it is a relatively low-budget film shot in only 38 days. One thing it does nicely is downplay the lighting in some scenes, particularly the ones in the gym after hours. There is a somber feel to the film when dialogue between Frankie, Maggie, and Eddie is done with darkness partially covering them. The film also deserves high marks for a well-written script. It slowly engages the audience in the scenes instead of rushing through the story. [PAR] I thought Million Dollar Baby was a pretty good film and am not arguing about it winning the Academy Award for Best Picture. The cast is great along with everyone else who worked on the film. I think the movie is another one of Clint Eastwood's finest works as a director. With its emotional look at its memorable characters, it is surely a million dollar baby. [PAR] Anthony's Rating:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Proms - McGill University School of Computer Science The Proms [PAR] The Proms [PAR] 2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection . Related subjects: Musical genres, styles, eras and events [PAR] A Promenade concert in the Royal Albert Hall, 2004. The bust of Henry Wood can be seen in front of the organ [PAR] The Proms (also more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC) is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hall in South Kensington, London , United Kingdom . Founded in 1895, each season now consists of over 70 concerts in the Albert Hall, a series of eight chamber concerts and four Saturday Matinees at Cadogan Hall, additional Proms in the Park events across the United Kingdom on the Last Night and associated educational and children's events. It is the biggest classical music festival in the world. [PAR] Proms is short for promenade concerts. The term promenade concert arose from the original practice of audience members promenading, or strolling, in some areas of the concert hall during the concert. Promming now refers to the use of the standing areas inside the hall (the arena and gallery) for which ticket prices are much lower than for the reserved seating. Single concert promming tickets can be purchased, with few exceptions, only on the day of the concert, which can give rise to long queues for well-known artists or works. Prommers can purchase full or half season tickets instead for guaranteed entry, although not guaranteed standing position. A number of Prommers are particularly keen in their attendance, and see it as a badge of honour to achieve the \"Grand Slam\" of attending every concert of the season. In 1997 one programme in the BBC documentary series \"Modern Times\" covered this dedicated following. [PAR] History [PAR] Although earlier promenade concert series had previously existed, the first Proms concert was held on 10 August 1895 in the Queen's Hall in Langham Place and was arranged by Robert Newman. Newman's idea was to encourage an audience who, though not normally attending classical concerts, would be attracted by the low ticket prices and more informal atmosphere (in addition to promenading, eating, drinking and smoking were all allowed). [PAR] However, it is the conductor Henry Joseph Wood whose name is most closely associated with the concerts. As conductor from that first concert, Wood was largely responsible for expanding the repertoire heard in later concerts, such that by the 1920s the concerts had grown from being made up of largely more popular, less demanding works, to presenting music by contemporary composers such as Claude Debussy, Richard Strauss and Ralph Vaughan Williams . A bronze bust of Wood, belonging to the Royal Academy of Music, is placed in front of the Organ for the whole season. While now known as BBC Proms, the text on the tickets (along with the headline BBC Proms next to the BBC Logo), still says BBC Music presents the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts. [PAR] In 1927, the BBC \u2014 later based at Broadcasting House opposite the hall \u2014 took over the running of the concerts, and when the BBC Symphony Orchestra was formed in 1930 it became the main orchestra for the concerts. At this time the season consisted of nights dedicated to particular composers; Mondays were Wagner , Fridays were Beethoven with other major composers being featured on other days. There were no Sunday performances. [PAR] However, with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the BBC withdrew"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jiddah | Saudi Arabia | Britannica.com Jiddah | Saudi Arabia | Britannica.com [PAR] Saudi Arabia [PAR] Alternative Titles: Jeddah, Jidda, Juddah [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] list of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia [PAR] Jiddah, also spelled Jidda, Jeddah, or Juddah, city and major port in central Hejaz region, western Saudi Arabia . It lies along the Red Sea west of Mecca . The principal importance of Jiddah in history is that it constituted the port of Mecca and was thus the site where the majority of Muslim pilgrims landed who were journeying to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina . The city in fact owes its commercial foundations to Caliph \u02bfUthm\u0101n, who in 646 made it the port for Muslim pilgrims crossing the Red Sea. In 1916 Jiddah and its Turkish garrisons surrendered to British forces. It then formed part of the Kingdom of the Hejaz until 1925, when it was captured by Ibn Sa\u02bf\u016bd . In the 1927 Treaty of Jiddah the British recognized Saudi sovereignty over the Hejaz and Najd regions. Jiddah eventually was incorporated into Saudi Arabia . In 1947 the city walls were demolished, and rapid expansion followed. The city takes its name (which means \u201cancestress,\u201d or \u201cgrandmother\u201d) from the location there of the reputed tomb of Eve, which was destroyed by the Saudi government in 1928 in the belief that it encouraged superstition. [PAR] The Red Sea coastline of Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. [PAR] Jeddah Images (CC-BY-SA 4.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Mosque at night in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. [PAR] Almas Balg (CC-BY-2.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] After World War II, Jiddah was completely modernized and expanded with the new wealth acquired by Saudi Arabia from oil royalties. Its harbour was deepened and enlarged to accommodate large vessels, and a desalinization plant was constructed in the early 1970s, thought to be the largest in the world at its completion. The city\u2019s economy, once dependent on pilgrim expenditures and fishing, was diversified to include steel-rolling mills, oil refineries, and the manufacture of cement, clothing, and pottery. Other activities include cattle raising and dairying and many small industries. One of Saudi Arabia\u2019s largest cities and busiest seaports, Jiddah was the diplomatic capital of the country and the location of the Saudi ministry of foreign affairs and of the embassies and missions of foreign governments before these were all transferred to the Saudi capital of Riyadh in the mid-1980s. Advanced education in economics and administration is offered by King Abdul Aziz University, founded in 1967. Jiddah is served by highways to Mecca and Medina and by King Abdul Aziz International Airport. Pop. (2010 prelim.) 3,430,697. [PAR] Islamic Development Bank headquarters in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. [PAR] Ameen Mohammad[DOC] [TLE] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | Organization of World Heritage Cities Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | Organization of World Heritage Cities [PAR] Port and economic [PAR] Location and site [PAR] Historic Jeddah is situated on the eastern shore of the Red Sea. From the 7th century AD it was established as a major port for Indian Ocean trade routes, channelling goods to Mecca. It was also the gateway for Muslim pilgrims to Mecca who arrived by sea. These twin roles saw the city develop into a thriving multicultural centre, characterized by a distinctive architectural tradition, including tower houses built in the late 19th century by the city\u2019s mercantile elites, and combining Red Sea coastal coral building traditions with influences and crafts from along the trade routes. [PAR] Registration Criteria [PAR] Criterion (ii): The cityscape of Historic Jeddah is the result of an important exchange of human values, technical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Fitch? | Cuteness.com What Is Fitch? [PAR] What Is Fitch? [PAR] April 24, 2010 [PAR] By: Elaine Riot [PAR] A fitch is a polecat, found commonly in Eurasia, Africa and Europe, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica. The albino, domestic version of the polecat is known as a ferret. [PAR] A ferret is a domesticated albino fitch or polecat. [PAR] Polecat [PAR] The term \"fitch,\" usually used in the fur trade, refers to a polecat, a weasel-like carnivore and mustelid. The mustelidae family includes weasels and minks, among others. [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] The fitch or polecat is also called a foul marten for its smell. The common polecat has long, coarse brown and black fur, with yellow spots on the face, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica. It has a long bushy tail, its torso ranges from 14 to 21 inches long and it usually weighs from one to three pounds. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] The fitch is found in the wooded areas and steppes of Eurasia and North Africa. [PAR] Natural Prey [PAR] The fitch hunts its prey at night. Since it does not usually climb trees like other mustelids, its main diet consists of birds and small mammals it can catch on the ground. It also feeds on eggs, lizards, snakes, frogs and fish. [PAR] Breeding [PAR] Fitches, which usually produce litters of three to eight babies, are born in the spring. The gestation period is two months. [PAR] Fur [PAR] According to Furs.com, fitch fur is similar to mink but with more distinctive markings. Most of the pelts, also referred to as fitches, originate in Scandinavia or Russia. A coat made from fitch sells for between $4,000 and $7,000. [PAR] Like cute animals? [PAR] Follow Cuteness.com on Facebook for more AWWs and LOLs. [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pan American World Airways, Inc. | American airline ... Pan American World Airways, Inc. | American airline company | Britannica.com [PAR] Pan American World Airways, Inc. [PAR] American airline company [PAR] Alternative Titles: Pan Am, Pan American Airways [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Pan Am flight 103 disaster [PAR] Pan American World Airways, Inc., also called (1927\u201350) Pan American Airways, byname Pan Am, former American airline that was founded in 1927 and, up until the final two decades of the 20th century, had service to cities in many countries in North and South America, the Caribbean Islands , Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East . From 1984 it was governed by the holding company Pan Am Corporation. From 1986, in financial distress, its routes and services came to be drastically reduced. The company ceased operations on Dec. 4, 1991. [PAR] Pan American Airbus A310-222. [PAR] John Allan [PAR] The company was incorporated in 1927 by a former World War I naval aviator, Juan Terry Trippe , who secured a contract to fly mail between Key West , Fla., U.S. , and Havana , Cuba . The airline\u2019s first passenger service\u2014between these cities\u2014began the next year. (One of the employee pilots and a surveyor of new routes was Charles A. Lindbergh.) By the end of 1929 Pan American had a 12,000-mile (19,000-kilometre) route linking the United States, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic , Puerto Rico , Mexico , British Honduras (Belize), Panama , and Colombia. Pan American inaugurated the first transpacific flights (from San Francisco to Manila) in 1936, with the famous China Clipper; the first transatlantic flights (from New York City to Lisbon) in 1939, with the Yankee Clipper, and the first round-the-world flights (from New York to New York eastbound) in 1947. In the immediate post-World War II era, Pan American was perhaps the leading international air carrier. In the mid-1950s it acquired the Boeing Company\u2019s very first jetliner, a B-707, thus leading the way in jet travel. [PAR] In the 1960s and \u201970s the company suffered financial reverses but sought regrowth by the purchase, in 1980, of National Airlines, thereby securing an extensive network of routes along the eastern U.S. seaboard and points west. National had been formed in 1929, when founder George Theodore Baker (1900\u201363) began the National Airlines Air Taxi System in Chicago. He moved the company to Florida in 1934, reincorporated it as National Airlines, Inc., in 1937, and made it a major airline in 1944 with the award of the lucrative tourist route between New York and Florida. [PAR] Similar Topics[DOC] [TLE] Interesting Defunct United States Airlines - rioleo Interesting Defunct United States Airlines [PAR] Jerry said on November 16th, 2008 at 2:14 pm : [PAR] Your history of US Airways is incorrect. US Airways is still in existence. US Airways Express is a wholly own commuter subsidiary of US Airways. In 2005 America West Airlines bought out US Airways preventing a 3rd (and most likely fatal) trip into bankruptcy. The executives of AWA thought the larger carriers name had \u201cbetter recognition\u201d so they kept the name despite all the negatives associated with it. [PAR] [PAR] admin said on November 16th, 2008 at 5:53 pm : [PAR] Thank you for your comment, Jerry. I think you\u2019re referring to Allegheny Airlines, and there I was referring to its progression as USAir and then to US Air Express. US Airways still flies planes with the Allegheny logo on its tail, and I agree that it is not defunct. I hadn\u2019t known about America West buying out US Airways, however. Thank you! [PAR] [PAR] CactusAnnie"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Joy of Six: smoking sports stars | Sport | The Guardian The Joy of Six: smoking sports stars | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] The Joy of Six: smoking sports stars [PAR] From equality in tennis to the pipe smokers of the year, the relationship between sport and snout [PAR] Cesar Luis Menotti enjoys a salmon. Photograph: Bob Thomas/Bob Thomas/Getty Images [PAR] Friday 6 December 2013 06.32 EST [PAR] First published on Friday 6 December 2013 06.32 EST [PAR] 1. Tennis [PAR] Rosie Casals in Virginia Slims branded dress. Photograph: Colorsport/REX [PAR] The Marlboro Man was one of the 20th century's most enduring icons of old-school machismo: the granite jaw, the muscles of steel, the iron lung. But it's often forgotten that the wheezing old bugger did a little bit for the feminist movement too. In 1968, Phillip Morris - that's the real name of the Marlboro Man, and a rather disappointing one at that, big-leggy cowboys simply shouldn't be called Pip - launched a brand of cigarettes called Virginia Slims. Marketed at young women, the accompanying advertising campaign - \"You've come a long way, baby / To get where you've got to today / You've got your own cigarette now, baby / You've come a long, long way\" - didn't quite manage to distil all the philosophies and ideologies driving Emmeline Pankhurst, Simone de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan's century-long struggle against oppression into one catchy 30-second jingle. It's also questionable whether equal-opportunity health hazards are desirable in anything other than strict theoretical terms. But Pip and his pals weren't just cynical bandwagon-hitching opportunists: Virginia Slims would also play a small but significant part in a genuine advance. [PAR] Pip's wares. Photograph: Bloomberg/Bloomberg via Getty Images [PAR] 1968 was also the year in which tennis went open, and prize money for professionals went through the roof. If you were a man. The women were ludicrously under-valued, and when Jack Kramer - a former Wimbledon and US Open champion turned promoter - refused to pony up more than 15% of the prize purse he was paying the men in a 1970 tournament, Billie Jean King led a walkout. The United States Lawn Tennis Association, she reasoned, could go whistle. King, along with eight other players - Rosie Casals, Nancy Richey, Peaches Bartkowicz, Kristy Pigeon, Valerie Ziegenfuss, Julie Heldman, Kerry Reid and Judy Dalton - formed a rebel tour. With the help of magazine publisher Gladys Heldman, who prized a sponsorship deal from Pip Morris, the Virginia Slims Circuit was born. [PAR] The circuit - the first professional women's tour - was a glorious success. Within three years of its launch, it led to the formation of the Women's Tennis Association, the main overseers of the game today. And three months after the ink had dried on that deal, the 1973 US Open became the first major event to offer women and men equal prize money. The Australian Open followed suit in 2001, before the French Open and Wimbledon finally did the decent thing in 2007. [PAR] Old-fashioned attitudes at Wimbledon clearly took a while to shift, then. They may or may not have become entrenched in 1972, when Casals opted to wear a mauve and white dress for her semi-final against King that was patterned with a series of VS motifs. She lost the match 2-6, 4-6, but was still in the running for the mixed doubles with Ilie Nastase, and so a letter arrived on her doorstep the morning after from referee Captain Mike Gibson, ordering her to desist with the sly advertising. [PAR] Given that Virginia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Plumbism | definition of plumbism by Medical dictionary Plumbism | definition of plumbism by Medical dictionary [PAR] Plumbism | definition of plumbism by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/plumbism [PAR] Related to plumbism: lead poisoning [PAR] lead1 [PAR] (Pb) [led] [PAR] a chemical element, atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19. Excessive ingestion or absorption causes lead poisoning . (See also Appendix 6.) [PAR] l. poisoning poisoning caused by the presence of lead or lead salts in the body; it affects the brain, nervous system, blood, and digestive system and can be either chronic or acute. Called also plumbism and saturnism . [PAR] Chronic Lead Poisoning. This was once fairly common among painters, and was called \u201cpainter's colic.\u201d It became less frequent as lead-free paints were substituted for lead-based ones and as plastic toys replaced lead ones. The disease is still seen among children with pica (a craving for unnatural articles of food) who may eat lead paint chips or coatings. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines an elevated blood lead level as &gt;10 \u03bcg/dL for children younger than six years of age. However, there is evidence that there are subtle effects even at lower levels [PAR] Symptoms include weight loss, anemia, stomach cramps (lead colic), a bluish black line at the edge of the gums, and constipation. Other symptoms may be mental depression and, in children, irritability and convulsions. In addition to the poisoning, the anemia and weight loss must also be treated, usually by providing an adequate diet. In serious cases, EDTA (calcium disodium edetate) may be prescribed. [PAR] Acute Lead Poisoning. This rare condition can be caused in two ways: lead may accumulate in the bones, liver, kidneys, brain, and muscles and then be released suddenly to produce an acute condition; or large amounts of lead may be inhaled or ingested at one time. Symptoms are a metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, bloody or black diarrhea, and muscle cramps. Diagnosis is made by examination of the blood and urine. [PAR] Treatment. Immediate removal of unabsorbed lead in the intestinal tract through the administration of mild saline cathartics and enemas. EDTA is given and in most cases measures must be taken to reduce the increased intracranial pressure that accompanies acute lead poisoning. [PAR] Prevention. An awareness of the prevalence of lead poisoning among children of preschool age who live in poorly maintained housing has led to neighborhood screening surveys in high-risk areas. [PAR] An important aspect of prevention of lead poisoning is determination of sources of lead in the environment and efforts to remove them. Sources include peeling paint from window sills, walls, floors, and bannisters, and from soil around old houses that have shed exterior paint through the years. An often unsuspected source is the glaze of certain pottery and \u201cleaded glass;\u201d lead can leach out into food and beverages from such vessels. A vital factor in coping with the problem of lead contamination is public education and development of a community awareness of possible sources and of the need for elimination of these hazards from the environment. [PAR] lead poi\u00b7son\u00b7ing [PAR] acute or chronic intoxication by lead or any of its salts; symptoms of acute lead poisoning usually are those of acute gastroenteritis in adults or encephalopathy in children; chronic lead poisoning is manifested chiefly by anemia, constipation, colicky abdominal pain, neuropathy with paralysis with wrist-drop involving the extensor muscles of the forearm, bluish lead line of the gums, and interstitial nephritis; saturnine gout, convulsions, and coma may occur.[DOC] [TLE] plumbism - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus plumbism - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus [PAR] plumbism [PAR] toxic condition produced"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caligula - Ancient History Encyclopedia Caligula - Ancient History Encyclopedia [PAR] Caligula [PAR] by Donald L. Wasson [PAR] published on 18 October 2011 [PAR] Among the great emperors of the Roman Empire stand Augustus and Marcus Aurelius . At the other end of the spectrum is the Emperor Caligula who the historian Suetonius simply calls a monster. In his The Twelve Caesars he further added: [PAR] It is difficult to say whether weakness of understanding or corruption of morals were more conspicuous in the character of Caligula. He seems to have discovered from his earliest years an innate depravity of mind, which was undoubtedly much increased by defect of education. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Born Gaius Julius Caesar in 12 CE, Caligula was the son of Germanicus (hero of the German campaign) and Agrippina, granddaughter of the Emperor Augustus (her mother was his daughter Julia). The name \u201cCaligula\u201d is actually a nickname meaning \u201clittle boots,\u201d derived from the miniature uniform he wore as a child while on campaign with his father. The precocious youth served as the company\u2019s mascot. Shortly after the death of his family, Caligula moved to the isle of Capri where he was raised by the Roman Emperor Tiberius as what some historians consider a prisoner. Although Germanicus's death is suspicious, Tiberius is thought to have been instrumental in the death of Caligula\u2019s mother and brothers. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Caligula's response to his critics was: \u201cLet them hate me, so long as they fear me.\u201d [PAR] Since Caligula and his sisters were considered to be of no immediate threat, they were allowed to live. While on the island, Caligula witnessed the brutality and savage behaviour that was Tiberius. On Capri he was surrounded by corruption and excess. Suetonius said: [PAR] \u2026 even in those days Caligula could not control his natural brutality. He loved watching tortures and executions; and, disguised in wig and robe, abandoned himself nightly to the pleasures of feasting and scandalous living. [PAR] Caligula Becomes Emperor [PAR] Upon the death of Tiberius on 17 March 37 CE, Caligula became the co-emperor of the Roman Empire with Tiberius\u2019 son Gemellus. Caligula, however, soon came to be the lone ruler with the death of Gemellus. (Caligula is suspected of having a hand in the death of his co-emperor.) Since Tiberius had never been a popular emperor, the citizens of Rome welcomed the young emperor, and Caligula soon earned this admiration: He ended the treason trials instituted by Tiberius, recalled exiles, and gave long over-due bonuses to the Praetorian Guard . He completed a number of building projects started by the former emperor, rebuilt decaying temples, built a lighthouse at Boulogne, began work on new aqueducts and even built a new amphitheatre In Pompeii . There were numerous gladiatorial games and chariot races to entertain the people. [PAR] Within six months after assuming power, however, everything changed: After coming close to death (historians are divided on the cause - a possible breakdown or epilepsy), Caligula became a different person. He was more paranoid, and the Caligula some had seen on Capri re-emerged. After having reduced taxes earlier in his reign, he raised them in order to pay for his excesses. He instituted a series of purges against suspected enemies, including even his first wife. He brought back the treason trials of Tiberius. He condemned others in order to confiscate their property. Suetonius adds that he became more sadistic and \u201cshowed the keenest interest in witnessing the suffering and torment of those condemned being tortured.\u201d In reference to a series of gladitorial games attended by Caligula,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Franklin River Campaign - Part 1 - The Wilderness Society The Franklin River Campaign - Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia's Environmental movement | The Wilderness Society [PAR] BECOME A MEMBER [PAR] The Franklin River Campaign - Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia's Environmental movement [PAR] Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of this landmark High Court decision, by William J. Lines. Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia\u2019s Environmental movement. [PAR] Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of this landmark High Court decision, writes William J. Lines. [PAR] On July 1, 2008 we celebrate 25 years since the High Court decision that 'Let the Franklin run free'. In this Four Part series on the Franklin river campaign, Author William J. Lines charts the rise of Australia's conservation movement - and a famous win for the environment. [PAR] Go to PART 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 [PAR] Part 1 - The beginnings of Australia\u2019s Environmental movement [PAR] [PAR] From the early 1960s, Australian conservationists became concerned about plans for dams on the rivers and lakes of Tasmania\u2019s south-west wilderness. The first great confrontation occurred in the mid-1960s when Tasmania\u2019s major development agency, the Hydro Electric Commission (HEC) announced, despite previous denials, a scheme to flood Lake Pedder. [PAR] Moved by the lake\u2019s beauty, bushwalkers, nature lovers, conservationists, and others responded by writing letters to the paper, forming campaign groups, calling meetings, lobbying politicians, writing submissions, testifying at hearings and raising their voice. They continued their protest through to the actual drowning of the lake in 1972 and beyond. Many vowed that they would never allow such destruction in the south west again. [PAR] They soon found their resolve tested. In 1976, a number of conservationists, including a young doctor, Bob Brown, his companion Paul Smith, as well as veteran Pedder campaigner Helen Gee, separately and together rafted the wild Franklin River. Awed by the place\u2019s spectacular beauty, they were also horrified to learn that the HEC planned to dam the river and flood its gorges, cataracts, and adjoining rainforest. What could they do? [PAR] The Tasmanian Wilderness Society (TWS) is born [PAR] Around this time in 1976, at a meeting at Brown\u2019s house in Liffey, a number of conservationists active in the South West Tasmania Action Committee decided on a new name for their organisation: The Tasmanian Wilderness Society. Kevin Kiernan, another Pedder campaigner, became director. Over the next couple of years, the TWS took up the fight for Tasmanian forests, campaigned on mining, airstrips, and roads, and monitored unfolding HEC plans for the Franklin. American Norm Sanders, who had come to Tasmania partly for its wild beauty, replaced Kiernan as director and then in 1979 Bob Brown resigned from his GP practice and took up the position of full-time, unpaid director of the TWS working from a shared office in Hobart. [PAR] He was not alone. In Sydney the South-West Tasmania Committee worked for the protection of Tasmania\u2019s wilderness, while in Melbourne a group of activists from the Pedder days were also meeting and in 1979 they expanded their activities and opened an office, paying $5 a week rent. [PAR] Then, what all conservationists feared, happened. In October 1979 the HEC released concrete proposals to build a dam on the Gordon River below its confluence with the Franklin. The Australian Conservation Foundation became alarmed by the contemplated destruction and appointed campaigner Peter Thompson to work on the Franklin campaign in Hobart with the TWS. [PAR] The campaign to \u2018Save the Franklin\u2019 begins in earnest [PAR] Over the next several months dozens of TWS volunteers built a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Lennon: Give Peace A Chance | The Beatles Bible John Lennon: Give Peace A Chance | The Beatles Bible [PAR] Give Peace A Chance [PAR] Yoko Ono : vocals [PAR] Tommy Smothers: guitar [PAR] Allen Ginsberg, Timothy Leary, Petula Clark, Rosemary Woodruff, Derek Taylor , Murray the K, Dick Gregory, Abraham Feinberg, others: vocals [PAR] Canadian chapter of Radha Krishna Temple: vocals, drums, finger cymbals [PAR] Available on: [PAR] John Lennon Anthology [PAR] John Lennon's first non-Beatles single, the anthemic Give Peace A Chance, was recorded on the penultimate day of his and Yoko Ono's second bed-in for peace, in room 1742 of the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Canada. [PAR] It wasn't like 'You have to have peace!' Just give it a chance. We ain't giving any gospel here - just saying how about this version for a change? We think we have the right to have a say in the future. And we think the future is made in your mind. [PAR] John Lennon, 1980 [PAR] All We Are Saying, David Sheff [PAR] Lennon and Ono had arrived in Toronto on 25 May hoping to begin their second bed-in for peace. The next day they checked in to La Hotel Reine Elizabeth in Montreal, where they stayed for a week. [PAR] During their stay they gave a succession of interviews to the world's media, and received dozens of visits from friends and well-wishers. [PAR] Well, after being interviewed for weeks and weeks and weeks, night and day, with Yoko and me talking about peace from our beds, I had those words coming out of my mouth or Yoko's - wherever the hell they came from - and it became a song. [PAR] John Lennon, 1980 [PAR] All We Are Saying, David Sheff [PAR] Lennon used the phrase \"All we are saying is give peace a chance\" during an interview on the first day of the bed-in. Over the next few days he worked up a melody and lyrics, and recorded the song during the final day of the event. [PAR] The song was intentionally simple, with two chords and a chorus which anyone could join in on. The verses, meanwhile, were largely nonsense, although the third verse contained the word 'masturbation'; this was changed by Lennon to 'mastication' in the published lyrics, as Lennon wished to avoid courting controversy. [PAR] On the day of recording Lennon instructed Apple's press officer Derek Taylor to arrange for recording equipment to be brought to the hotel suite. Taylor contacted a local studio owner, Andr\u00e9 Perry, who brought four microphones and a four-track recorder. [PAR] During the recording Lennon and Tommy Smothers of the Smothers Brothers played acoustic guitars. A wardrobe door was repeatedly opened and closed to provide a rhythm, and the various assembled guests sang during the choruses. [PAR] The first number of Lennon's \"2, 1, 2, 3, 4\" count-in was left off the released version, as it was partially obscured by feedback. The entire recording was filmed, and released as two separate promotional films in the subsequent months. [PAR] Give Peace A Chance was captured in a single take, although a rehearsal prior to the recording was also taped. The rehearsal was later released on 1998's John Lennon Anthology box set. [PAR] The performance featured a range of guests including LSD guru Timothy Leary and his wife Rosemary, the poet Allen Ginsbert, the singer Petula Clark and the US radio DJ Murray the K. Also present were members of the Canadian branch of Radha Krishna Temple, who sang and played percussion. [PAR] Although Lennon was delighted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pneumoconiosis - Human Diseases and Conditions Pneumoconiosis - body, causes, What Causes Pneumoconiosis? [PAR] Pneumoconiosis [PAR] Pneumoconiosis [PAR] Pneumoconiosis (noo-mo-ko-nee-O-sis) is a disease of the lungs caused by long-term breathing of dust, especially certain mineral dusts. Forms of pneumoconiosis include black lung disease (coal worker's pneumoconiosis), silicosis, and asbestosis. The disease typically results from working in a mine for many years, but factory work and other occupations can expose people to the ill effects of breathing dusts. The term \"pneumoconiosis\" comes from the Greek pneumon, meaning lung, and konis, meaning dust. [PAR] KEYWORDS [PAR] for searching the Internet and other reference sources [PAR] Asbestosis [PAR] Silicosis [PAR] What Causes Pneumoconiosis? [PAR] Only microscopic-size dust particles, about 1/5,000 of an inch across or smaller, are able to reach the tiniest air sacs (the alveoli) in the lungs. There they cannot be removed, and accumulate to cause a scarring and thickening of the lungs called fibrosis (fy-BRO-sis). Eventually, the lungs begin to lose their ability to supply oxygen to the body. [PAR] The War Against Black Lung [PAR] The prevalence of black lung disease did not begin to decrease until it became clear that the cause was excessively high levels of coal dust in mines. Largely due to the efforts of coal miners' unions, occupational safety conditions improved. [PAR] In 1969, the Mine Health and Safety Act set standards in the United States for maximum allowable levels of coal dust in mines. The Act also provided compensation for miners who developed black lung disease. Death rates from pneumoconiosis have been declining since the Act was passed. [PAR] Breathing coal dust was an occupational hazard for coal miners, especially those who did not wear protective masks. [PAR] Corbis-Bettman. [PAR] Black lung disease is caused by breathing coal dust, usually in mines. Silicosis results from inhaling silica dust from sand and rock, primarily in mines, quarries, and in occupations such as sandblasting. Asbestosis comes from breathing tiny asbestos fibers in mining, building construction, and other industries. Less commonly, other kinds of dust are continuously inhaled in work-related situations and cause pneumoconiosis. [PAR] What Happens When People Have Pneumoconiosis? [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] Because pneumoconiosis usually takes 20 or 30 years to develop, workers often do not notice symptoms until they are over 50. The main symptoms are coughing and difficulty in breathing, which gradually increases. Complications include emphysema (em-fe-SEE-ma) and increased risk of tuberculosis. Asbestosis patients are more likely to develop lung cancer, especially if they smoke cigarettes. Damaged lungs make the heart work harder, and heart problems can accompany severe cases of pneumoconiosis. [PAR] Diagnosis [PAR] Diagnosis is made by physical examination and through a medical history that tells the doctor which dusts patients have been exposed to. The doctor may also take chest x-rays and pulmonary (lung) function tests. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] There is no cure for pneumoconiosis, because the dust cannot be removed from the lungs. Even if it could, the damage done to the lungs from years of inflammatory reaction to the dust could not be undone. Except in a mild form called simple pneumoconiosis, the disease is progressively disabling. The only treatment is to avoid smoking and further exposure to dust, and to treat complications. [PAR] Prevention [PAR] Pneumoconiosis can be prevented by enforcing maximum allowable dust levels in mines and at other work sites, and by using protective masks. Regular medical examinations, including chest x-rays for people at risk, can detect pneumoconiosis during its earlier stages, before it becomes disabling. [PAR] See also[DOC] [TLE] Emphysema - Human Diseases and Conditions Emphysema - catch, body, causes, What Is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Parnassus | mountain, Greece | Britannica.com Mount Parnassus | mountain, Greece | Britannica.com [PAR] Mount Parnassus [PAR] Laki [PAR] Mount Parnassus, Modern Greek Parnass\u00f3s, mountain barren limestone spur of the Pindus (Modern Greek: P\u00edndos) Mountains, central Greece , running northwest-southeast on the borders of the nomo\u00ed (departments) of Phocis (Fok\u00edda), Fthi\u00f3tis, and Boeotia (Voiot\u00eda). Rising to a maximum elevation of 8,061 ft (2,457 m) in Mount Parnassus, within sight of Delphi (Delfo\u00ed), it extends to Cape Opus on the Gulf of Corinth (Korinthiak\u00f3s). In ancient times Parnassus was sacred to the Dorians and in mythology to Apollo and the Corycian nymphs. On a plateau between the summit and Delphi was the Corycian stalactite cave sacred to the nymphs and Pan. For the Roman poets, Parnassus\u2019s Castalian spring was a source of inspiration; they favoured Parnassus over Mount Helicon as the home of the Muses. Parnassus is rich in bauxite , which is mined and converted into alumina and aluminum at nearby factories. A ski centre was opened above Arachova in 1977. [PAR] Mount Parnassus, central Greece. [PAR] in Greece: Eastern Greece: Thessal\u00eda and Attik\u00ed [PAR] ...battle of antiquity). The last (and perhaps the most important) of the four spurs thrusting down into eastern Greece is the one that curves away to the southeast through the twin-peaked mass of Mount Parnass\u00f3s (Parnassus). This mountain, rising to an elevation of 8,061 feet (2,457 metres), was held to be the home of the Muses. The view from its summit at sunrise, with a broad expanse... [PAR] in Central Greece [PAR] ...Central Greece, three massifs, offshoots of the Pindus, assume a more easterly trend: the Oeta (O\u00edti), which reaches 7,060 feet (2,152 m); the Gi\u00f3na, 8,235 feet (2,510 m); and the Parnassus (Parnass\u00f3s), 8,061 feet (2,457 m). Outliers of the Parnassus are the Helicon (Elik\u00f3nas), Kithair\u00f3n, P\u00e1rnis, and Imitt\u00f3s (Hymettus), the last a great ridge... [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: April 29, 2009 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Parnassus [PAR] Access Date: January 19, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unforgiven (1992) - IMDb Unforgiven (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Retired Old West gunslinger William Munny reluctantly takes on one last job, with the help of his old partner and a young man. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 01 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 21 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 19 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Unforgiven \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 36 wins & 29 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Disgruntled Korean War veteran Walt Kowalski sets out to reform his neighbor, a Hmong teenager who tried to steal Kowalski's prized possession: a 1972 Gran Torino. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] Two bounty hunters with the same intentions team up to track down a Western outlaw. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] A determined woman works with a hardened boxing trainer to become a professional. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small industrial town in Pennsylvania. [PAR] Director: Michael Cimino [PAR] A bounty hunting scam joins two men in an uneasy alliance against a third in a race to find a fortune in gold buried in a remote cemetery. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] As corruption grows in 1950s LA, three policemen - one strait-laced, one brutal, and one sleazy - investigate a series of murders with their own brand of justice. [PAR] Director: Curtis Hanson [PAR] Violence and mayhem ensue after a hunter stumbles upon a drug deal gone wrong and more than two million dollars in cash near the Rio Grande. [PAR] Directors: Ethan Coen, Joel Coen [PAR] Stars: Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, Josh Brolin [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Velvet (1986) - Filmsite.org Blue Velvet (1986) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] Blue Velvet (1986) is screenwriter and maverick director David Lynch's artistically bizarre cult film. It is an original look at sex, violence, crime and power under the peaceful exterior of small-town Americana in the mid-80s. Beneath the familiar, peaceful, 'American-dream' cleanliness of the daytime scenes lurks sleaziness, prostitution, unrestrained violence, and perversity - powerful and potentially-dangerous sexual forces that may be unleashed if not contained. A controversial film often criticized for its depiction of aberrant sexual behavior, the surrealistic, psychosexual film was a throwback to art films, 50s B-movies and teenage romances, film noir, and the mystery-suspense genre. [PAR] Although highly ridiculed and disdained when released as an extreme, dark, vulgar and disgusting film, it also won critical praise - Best Film of 1986, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor (Dennis Hopper) and Best Achievement in Cinematography (Frederick Elmes) by the National Society of Film Critics. It also received a sole nomination for Best Director from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. [PAR] The plot line of the nightmarish film, a combination of Marquis De Sade sexual fetishism and a Hardy Boys mystery story, is fairly sketchy. An innocent, small-town college student (MacLachlan) in a sleepy town discovers a severed ear, and then finds himself embroiled on the dark side of town (beyond the white picket fence). He witnesses, first as a voyeur, a sexually-depraved, blackmailing relationship between a monstrous, loathsome, nitrous-oxide sniffing kidnapper (Dennis Hopper) and an abused/brutalized mother and fragile nightclub singer (Isabella Rossellini). In some ways, the two male leads represent the two dichotomous sides of life (e.g., light/dark, normalcy/aberration, attraction/repulsion, innocence/experience, perversion/love, virtue/base desires, etc.) that struggle for dominance. After the hideous crime of violated innocence is revealed, the vision of the innocent girl-next-door (Laura Dern) is restored - the \"Blinding Light of Love.\" [PAR] The Story [PAR] The film's credits (viewed with fluid, scripted type-lettering) play above a slowly undulating blue velvet, fabric backdrop as Angelo Badalamenti's sensual string score floridly plays. The film dissolves into an unnaturally brilliant, visually lush, boldly colorful opening with patriotic hues (bright red, white, and blue) and a nostalgic, dream-like view of a clean, conforming, pastoral America a la Norman Rockwell. [PAR] From nearly cloudless, clear aqua-blue skies, the camera tilts and pans slowly down to a clean white picket fence, in front of which are planted perfect, budding blood-red roses and yellow tulips. 60s teen idol/crooner Bobby Vinton sings his rendition of the title song \"Blue Velvet\" (a song of longing for a woman, written by Lee Morris and Bernie Wayne). Idyllic small-town images are presented in silent slow-motion, with hyper-realistic light and color. A bright-red fire engine truck tranquilly glides down the suburban US street - a friendly fireman on the running board waves with a dalmatian next to him. At a school cross-walk, children are safely allowed to walk across the street by a uniformed, matronly crossing guard holding a Stop sign. [PAR] Outside one of the houses [the Beaumont house], a paunchy man effortlessly waters his bright-green lawn with a hose. His wife is inside seated on the couch, watching a daytime mystery/film noir on television (an image of a hand holding a pistol fills the screen). The husband finds that the snake-like hose is kinked and wrapped around some of the shrubbery, causing the hose faucet spigot to hiss loudly and leak water under the increased pressure. Then, the scenes of the superficial, ideal American dream"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Tannenberg begins - Aug 26, 1914 - HISTORY.com Battle of Tannenberg begins - Aug 26, 1914 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Tannenberg begins [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On August 26, 1914, the German 8th Army, under the leadership of Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, strikes with lethal force against the advancing Russian 2nd Army, led by General Aleksandr Samsonov, in East Prussia during the opening weeks of the First World War. [PAR] In the middle of August 1914, much sooner than had been anticipated, Russia sent two armies into East Prussia, while Germany, according to its war strategy, had the bulk of its forces concentrated to the west, against France. The Russian 1st Army, under General Pavel Rennenkampf, advanced to the northeastern corner of East Prussia, while Samsonov\u2019s 2nd Army made headway into the southwest, planning to join with Rennenkampf\u2019s men and pin the outnumbered German 8th Army between them. After a Russian victory in the Battle of Gumbinnen on August 20, however, Rennenkampf paused to regroup his forces. [PAR] Meanwhile, change was afoot behind the German lines: Helmuth von Moltke, chief of the German general staff, chose to replace the previous leader, Maximilian von Prittwitz, after the latter issued a misguided order for a German retreat to the River Vistula, against the advice of his corps commanders. Hindenburg, a retired general of great stature, and Ludendorff, who had just led the German capture of the Belgian fortress of Liege, arrived in East Prussia and immediately authorized an aggressive counter-action against the Russians, previously planned by a senior staff officer in the region, Colonel Max Hoffmann. [PAR] Separated by the great Masurian Lakes, the two Russian armies were unable to effectively communicate with each other as to their movements, a circumstance that would prove deadly. Though Ludendorff succumbed to nerves initially, delaying the start of the German attack by one day, Hindenburg was able to calm his subordinate\u2014not for the last time in what would become a fabled partnership. On August 26, after intercepting uuencoded wireless messages from both Samsonov and Rennenkampf, the Germans were able to take Samsonov\u2019s army by surprise with the force of their attack near the village of Tannenberg, to the southwest of the Masurian Lakes. The delay in starting the attack had given Samsonov\u2019s forces more time to advance deeper into the sack formed by the German divisions enveloping them from both sides, the strength of which Samsonov consistently underestimated. After three days of battering by German artillery, Samsonov\u2019s troops began their retreat; more German forces cut off their path and a massive slaughter ensued. In the first hours of August 30, confronting the reality of his army\u2019s collapse, Samsonov went into the forest, away from his staff, and shot himself. [PAR] In total, over 50,000 Russian soldiers were killed and some 92,000 taken as prisoners in the Battle of Tannenberg\u2014named thus by the Germans in vengeful remembrance of the village, where in 1410 the Poles had defeated the Teutonic Knights. By the end of August, Russia\u2019s ambitious advance in East Prussia in August 1914 had achieved at least one of its goals, albeit at a tremendous cost: two German corps had been removed from the Western to the Eastern Front in order to confront the Russian menace. Though the two corps had not arrived in time to play a role in the Battle of Tannenberg\u2014which would remain the greatest German triumph of the war against Russia on the Eastern Front\u2014 they would also be unable to aid their comrades at the Battle of the Marne in early"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sudan Facts, Facts about Sudan capital city, currency ... Sudan Facts, Facts about Sudan capital city, currency, language, population, symbols [PAR] Sudan Facts [PAR] Where is Sudan? [PAR] Situated in northern Africa, Republic of Sudan shares its borders with Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. [PAR] What is the capital of Sudan? [PAR] Khartoum is the capital of Sudan. It is a tripartite metropolis and is located where the two Niles, White and Blue Nile, meet. The etymology of its name is uncertain. It was founded in 1821 by Ibrahim Pasha and was an important point for the slave trading. [PAR] How big is Sudan? [PAR] Sudan is the 16th largest country in the world. It covers an area of 728,215 square miles and has an estimated population of 30,894,000. [PAR] What is the currency of Sudan? [PAR] The official currency of Sudan is Sudanese Pound. Its ISO 4217 code is SDG and is subdivided into 100 qirish. It is regulated by Bank of Sudan. [PAR] Which is the largest city of Sudan? [PAR] Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is the largest city of Sudan. It has an estimated population of 639,598 and covers a total area of 5,274,321. [PAR] What is the official language of Sudan? [PAR] There are more than hundred languages spoken in Sudan. Arabic and English are the official languages of Sudan. [PAR] What is the religion of Sudan? [PAR] According to the CIA World Factbook, 97% of the population are Muslims. Remaining 3% of the population adhere to either animist and indigenous beliefs or Christianity. [PAR] What is the literacy rate of Sudan? [PAR] The total adult literacy rate of Sudan is 69%. [PAR] Who is the political leader of Sudan? [PAR] Sudan is widely known as an authoritarian state where all powers are vested in President. Officially, it is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, where the President is the head of the state, head of the government, and Commander-in-chief of the Army. Omar al-Bashir is the President of Sudan since 1989. He is also the head of the National Congress Party. Ali Osman Taha is the current and the first Vice President of Sudan. He assumed office on July 9, 2011. [PAR] When is the National Day of Sudan celebrated? [PAR] National Day of Sudan is celebrated on January 1. On this day in 1956, the first modern Sudanese government was established. The governments of Egypt and Britain agreed on granting Sudan independence by signing a treaty. A special ceremony was held at the People's Palace and the flag of Sudan was hoisted. [PAR] What is the economy of Sudan like? [PAR] In 2009, the GDP of Sudan was $ 92.83 billion, while its and Per Capita income was $2,300. Approximately 40% of the population live below poverty line. Unemployment rate stands at 18.7%. Services sector accounts for 38.2% of the GDP, followed by agriculture (32.6%), and industry (29.2%). Oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap and pharmaceuticals are some of the important industries in the country. Major export markets are China, Japan, and Indonesia, while major imports are with China, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, India, and Italy.[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Sudan? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Sudan? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Sudan [PAR] The Capital City of Sudan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oribi videos, photos and facts - Ourebia ourebi | ARKive Oribi videos, photos and facts - Ourebia ourebi | ARKive [PAR] Top [PAR] Oribi biology [PAR] Oribi are commonly found in pairs or in groups of as many as seven (2) . Such groups usually have a single adult male (2) , and up to three adult females (3) . These groups are territorial (2) , and will mark the boundaries of their territory with urine, faeces and secretions from the preorbital glands on their faces (2) . Active during the day, oribi graze on fresh grass during the wet season, and browse on shrubs when drought occurs. To supplement their diet, oribi visits mineral licks every few days (4) . [PAR] Although oribi may give birth throughout the year, birthing is said to be most common in the rainy months (4) , when there is plentiful food and cover (2) . After a gestation period of 200 to 210 days, a single young is born (2) . Male oribi become sexually mature by 14 months, while females can conceive at the age of just 10 months (4) . [PAR] If threatened by a predator, the oribi will remain hiding in tall grass until the predator is within a few metres. It will then leap through the grass and bound along, flashing the conspicuous white underside of its tail which serves as a warning to other oribi (2) . Oribi will also produce a shrill whistle when alarmed and are seen to jump vertically up with all four legs straight and the back arched when they are under threat, known as stotting (4) . [PAR] Top [PAR] Oribi range [PAR] The oribi occurs in the savannah grasslands of Africa south of the Sahara. Haggard\u2019s oribi is found in Kenya and Somalia, and the Kenya oribi was found only in Kenya (2) . [PAR] Top [PAR] Oribi status [PAR] The oribi is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1) . Two subspecies are recognised: Haggard\u2019s oribi (Ourebia ourebi haggardi) is classified as Vulnerable (VU) and the Kenya oribi (Ourebia ourebi kenyae) is classified as Extinct (EX) (1) . [PAR] Top [PAR] Oribi threats [PAR] The oribi is intensively hunted for food and its habitat is threatened by the development of human settlements (1) (2) , resulting in numbers and distribution of this small antelope being greatly reduced (2) . [PAR] Top [PAR] Oribi conservation [PAR] The oribi is found in several protected areas throughout its range, including Como\u00e9 National Park in Cote d'Ivoire and Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (5) , and is the subject of a WWF Species Project (6) . This project aims to track captive-bred oribi after their release into appropriate habitat to research their home ranges and their habitat preferences. The long-term aim of the project is to establish viable wild populations from captive-bred stock (6) .[DOC] [TLE] South Africa's Tiny Bouncing Oribi Antelope - Animal pictures South Africa's Tiny Bouncing Oribi Antelope - pictures and facts [PAR] South Africa's Tiny Bouncing Oribi Antelope [PAR] Animals / Mammals / Artiodactyla (220) / Bovidae (137) / Antilopinae (38) / Ourebia (1) [PAR] Genus Ourebia [PAR] (137 animals) [PAR] The Oribi (Ourebia ourebi) graze the floodplains and wide open grasslands of South Africa along the northern section of the eastern coastline of the cape. The Oribi are considered by avid naturalists to be a pure and true grazer who survives mainly on young sprouts and other flora for sustenance. [PAR] The average animal measures approximately 100 centimeters (45.4 inches) in length and weighs roughly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aqua Tower \u2013 the tower that Jeanne Gang built | Jonathan ... Aqua Tower \u2013 the tower that Jeanne Gang built | Jonathan Glancey | Art and design | The Guardian [PAR] Architecture [PAR] Aqua Tower \u2013 the tower that Jeanne Gang built [PAR] With its rippling facade and vast green roof, Chicago's Aqua Tower is a revelation. It's also the tallest building in the world to be designed by a woman [PAR] Swaggeringly high ... Jeanne Gang's Aqua building. Photograph: Steve Hall/Studio Gang [PAR] Tuesday 20 October 2009 16.35 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 20 October 2009 16.35 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Jeanne Gang spent her childhood holidays out on the road with her family, looking at the bold new bridges and roads springing up across America. Her father, a civil engineer, also took her to natural wonders like the Grand Canyon and the towering rock formations of the Great Lakes in Michigan. [PAR] Gang grew up to be an architect with her own practice, Studio Gang, and now elements of what she saw on those road trips have come together in her first skyscraper, the Aqua Tower, a $308m (\u00a3188m) addition to downtown Chicago's architectural splendours. [PAR] The Aqua Tower, rising up in a dance of ever-changing concrete forms, is very different from its neighbours. Seen from the sidewalk, it really does have the look of a multi-layered Lake Michigan rock formation, albeit one that towers above the city. This is a Chicago landmark that has broken out of the city-wide straitjacket of right angles and smooth surfaces \u2013 as if Gaudi had taken up skyscraper design, or a spinning ballerina had morphed into a building. [PAR] It all began three years ago at a dinner following a Frank Gehry lecture in Chicago. Gang found herself sitting with architect and developer James R Loewenberg, who asked her to take a preliminary design for his Aqua Tower and make it sing. She jumped at the chance. After all, at 819ft, the Aqua Tower would be the world's biggest skyscraper designed by a woman (or, to be more precise, the tallest building in the world designed by a female-run architectural practice). [PAR] Skyscrapers are traditionally seen as an expression of overbearing male libido, a sort of mine's-taller-than-yours competition. So, even today, it is a surprise to find a woman building so swaggeringly high. (Zaha Hadid currently has skyscraper projects in five cities, but none completed). Gang politely dismisses such hackneyed assumptions. She is, after all, part of a team. \"Our working method is very collaborative. Having said that, at least half, maybe more, of the staff here are women. I just think it's natural. I've always wanted to build. I was encouraged to make and repair things by my parents. But OK, I can't hide the fact that it's great to have done a skyscraper, even if I never do one again.\" [PAR] Gang, who wanted to be an engineer before she decided on architecture, grew up in a small town near Chicago. She says she thinks of the city as a mountain range rising up from the flat Illinois plains that flank Lake Michigan. \"When we got the commission, we were partly thinking of building a mountain. But, being steeped in engineering, I also saw the project as a work of urban infrastructure. The tower is a machine plugged into the city \u2013 working for people \u2013 as well as being a kind of peak, or rock formation.\" [PAR] Behind its weaving balconies, this 82-storey residential and hotel tower is a largely"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sea of Galilee | lake, Israel | Britannica.com Sea of Galilee | lake, Israel | Britannica.com [PAR] Sea of Galilee [PAR] Alternative Titles: Bu\u1e25ayrat \u1e6cabar\u012by\u0101, Lake of Gennesaret, Lake Tiberias, Sea of Kinerot, Sea of Kinneret, Yam Kinneret [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Asia [PAR] Sea of Galilee, also called Lake Tiberias, Arabic Bu\u1e25ayrat \u1e6cabar\u012by\u0101, Hebrew Yam Kinneret, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. It is famous for its biblical associations; its Old Testament name was Sea of Chinnereth, and later it was called the Lake of Gennesaret. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with Syria . [PAR] Sea of Galilee, Israel. [PAR] Nadavspi [PAR] Physical features [PAR] The lake has a surface area of 64 square miles (166 square km). Its maximum depth, measured in the northeast, is 157 feet (48 metres). Extending 13 miles (21 km) from north to south and 7 miles (11 km) from east to west, it is pear-shaped. Its surface elevation was long given as 686 feet (209 metres) below sea level, but for decades the annual water level generally has been 6.5 to 13 feet (2 to 4 metres) below the traditional level. [PAR] Mountains rising beyond the Sea of Galilee, Israel. [PAR] \u00a9 AbleStock.com/Jupiterimages [PAR] The Sea of Galilee is located in the great depression of the Jordan . The Plain of Gennesaret extends in a circular arc from the north to the northwest, and the Plain of Bet \u1e92ayda (Buteiha) in Syria extends to the northeast. To the west and southwest, the hills of Lower Galilee fall abruptly to the lake\u2019s edge. In the mid-eastern sections, the cliffs of the Golan Heights overlook the lake. The plateau reappears again in the southeast, becoming larger as it approaches the valley of the Yarm\u016bk River , a tributary that has its confluence with the Jordan a short distance to the south of the lake. Also to the south, the plain of the Ghawr (Ghor) begins, but the Sea of Galilee is separated from it by a narrow ridge through which the Jordan River flows. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Chilka Lake [PAR] The greatest part of the region is covered by basalts that have been formed since the Miocene Epoch (about 23 to 5.3 million years ago) and that are part of the vast area of Mount Dur\u016bz , located in Syria. Since the Miocene Epoch began, lacustrine limestones and marls (calcareous clays) have been deposited. The Jordan Valley is part of the East African Rift System , which forms the deep trench through which a tributary of the Jordan River passes to the east of the lake. Smaller and less-important faults occur to the west. The depression was hollowed out at the end of the Pliocene Epoch (about 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago) and was partially filled in again by lacustrine and fluvial sediments. During the humid periods of the Quaternary Period (the past 2.6 million years), the Dead Sea extended up to this point. During the last pluvial period, about 20,000 years ago, a great lake called the Lake of Lisan covered the region. Since then the waters have receded. [PAR] Because of its sheltered location, low elevation, and the influence of the lake itself, the winters are mild, with temperatures averaging 57 \u00b0F (14 \u00b0C) in January. The absence of freezing temperatures has facilitated the cultivation of bananas, dates, citrus fruit, and vegetables. The summers are hot, with temperatures averaging 88 \u00b0F (31 \u00b0C), and the precipitation\u2014almost 15 inches (380 mm) at Deganya\u2014falls, in the course of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV ... Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who - crossword puzzle clues & answers - Dan Word [PAR] \u00abLet me solve it for you\u00bb [PAR] Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who [PAR] Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Here are the possible solutions for \"Freema __, actress who played Martha Jones in BBC TV series Doctor Who\" clue. It was last seen in British general knowledge crossword. We have 1 possible answer in our database. [PAR] Possible answer:[DOC] [TLE] Freema Agyeman - IMDb Freema Agyeman - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Freema Agyeman was born on March 20, 1979 in London, England as Frema Agyeman. She is an actress, known for Doctor Who (2005), Sense8 (2015) and Law & Order: UK (2009). See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 20 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 10 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 people [PAR] created 07 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 people [PAR] created 03 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 people [PAR] created 13 Jan 2016 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Freema Agyeman's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Doctor Who Martha Jones / Adeola / Martha Smith-Jones [PAR] (2006-2013) [PAR] 2004-2006 The Bill (TV Series) [PAR] Shakira Washington / Jenna Carter [PAR] 2005 Mile High (TV Series) [PAR] Girl 1 [PAR] - Episode #2.26 (2005) ... Girl 1 [PAR] 2004 Casualty (TV Series) [PAR] 2013 Doctor Who Live: The Afterparty (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Herself (uncredited) [PAR] 2013 Doctor Who: The Doctors Revisited (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2013 Doctor Who: The Companions (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2008-2010 Bizarre E.R. (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself - Narrator [PAR] 2010 The British Academy Television Awards (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2009 Doctor Who Greatest Moments (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Herself / Herself - Martha Jones [PAR] 2009 This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2009 Little Dorrit: An Insight (Video documentary short) [PAR] Herself - 'Tattycoram' [PAR] 2007-2008 Doctor Who Confidential (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2008 Blue Peter (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2008 Torchwood Declassified (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2006 Children in Need (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2006 MOBO Awards 2006 (TV Special) [PAR] Herself [PAR] 2006 The One Show (TV Series) [PAR] Herself [PAR] TV commercial for Sport Relief 2012 - Voiceover [PAR] Publicity Listings: [PAR] 2 Interviews | 1 Article | See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Personal Quote: [PAR] [on the growing popularity of Doctor Who in America] I can't believe how it has just exploded over here. When I was doing the show, we didn't get to come over to America and do any of the promotion. The new lot [of Doctor Who actors] did, but my agent said, 'Don't worry, whatever happens with them, it kind of ripples outwards and the whole family reaps the benefit of that', so it's been great for... See more \u00bb [PAR] Trivia: [PAR] Graduated in 2000 with BA Honours in Performing Arts and Drama from Middlesex University. Also took theatre courses at Radford University in Virginia, USA in 1998. See"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thanksgiving Day in Canada - Time and Date-Canada Thanksgiving Day in Canada [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays Canada Thanksgiving Day [PAR] Thanksgiving Day in Canada [PAR] Thanksgiving Day in Canada has been a holiday on the second Monday of October since 1957. It is a chance for people to give thanks for a good harvest and other fortunes in the past year. [PAR] Thanksgiving Day in Canada is linked to the European tradition of harvest festivals. [PAR] Thanksgiving Day in Canada is linked to the European tradition of harvest festivals. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Olga Lyubkina [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Many people have a day off work on the second Monday of October. They often use the three-day Thanksgiving weekend to visit family or friends who live far away, or to receive them in their own homes. Many people also prepare a special meal to eat at some point during the long weekend. Traditionally, this included roast turkey and seasonal produce, such as pumpkin, corn ears and pecan nuts. Now, the meal may consist of other foods, particularly if the family is of non-European descent. [PAR] The Thanksgiving weekend is also a popular time to take a short autumn vacation. This may be the last chance in a while for some people to use cottages or holiday homes before winter sets in. Other popular activities include outdoor breaks to admire the spectacular colors of the Canadian autumn, hiking, and fishing. Fans of the teams in the Canadian Football League may spend part of the weekend watching the Thanksgiving Day Classic matches. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Thanksgiving Day is a national public holiday in Canada. Many people have the day off work and all schools and post offices are closed. Many stores and other businesses and organizations are also closed. Public transport services may run to a reduced timetable or may not run at all. [PAR] Background [PAR] The native peoples of the Americas held ceremonies and festivals to celebrate the completion and bounty of the harvest long before European explorers and settlers arrived in what is now Canada. Early European thanksgivings were held to give thanks for some special fortune. An early example is the ceremony the explorer Martin Frobisher held in 1578 after he had survived the long journey in his quest to find a northern passage from Europe to Asia. [PAR] Many thanksgivings were held following noteworthy events during the 18th century. Refugees fleeing the civil war in the United States brought the custom of an annual thanksgiving festival to Canada. From 1879, Thanksgiving Day was held every year but the date varied and there was a special theme each year. The theme was the \"Blessings of an abundant harvest\" for many years. However, Queen Victoria's golden and diamond jubilees and King Edward VII's coronation formed the theme in later years. [PAR] From the end of the First World War until 1930, both Armistice Day and Thanksgiving Day were celebrated on the Monday closest to November 11, the anniversary of the official end of hostilities in World War I. In 1931, Armistice Day was renamed Remembrance Day and Thanksgiving Day was moved to a Monday in October. Since 1957, Thanksgiving Day has always been held on the second Monday in October. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] Thanksgiving Day in Canada is linked to the European tradition of harvest festivals. A common image seen at this time of year is a cornucopia, or horn, filled with seasonal fruit and vegetables. The cornucopia, which means \"Horn of Plenty\" in Latin, was a symbol of bounty and plenty in ancient Greece. Turkeys, pumpkins,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The annual rowing event - The Boat Race 2010 - between ... The annual rowing event - The Boat Race 2010 - between Oxford and Cambridge. [PAR] [ ? ]Subscribe To This Site [PAR] Rowing Competition - The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race 2010 [PAR] The annual rowing competition between Oxford University and Cambridge University, sponsored by Xchanging, usually takes place on either the last Saturday of March or the first Saturday of April. The Oxford Cambridge Boat Race 2010 took place on Saturday, 3rd April, during the Easter holiday weekend. [PAR] This Boat Race was originally the idea of two Harrow school friends, Charles Merivale, who went to Cambridge University, and Charles Wordsworth, who went to Oxford University. In 1829, Cambridge initiated the move and sent a challenge to Oxford. [PAR] After the race in1829 which was competed at Henley-on-Thames, other boat races took place at Westminster in central London. And because of its popularity it quickly became overcrowded. In 1845, the rowing event had to be moved about six miles upstream to Putney, where it stayed to the present day. [PAR] This popular rowing event, the 156th Boat Race between the \"Light Blues\" (Cambridge University) and the \"Dark Blues\" (Oxford University) has been competed annually since 1856, apart from the years during the two world wars. [PAR] It has been the tradition of the boat race that the loser of the previous year\u2019s race challenges the opposition to a re-match. [PAR] Over a quarter of a million people lined both banks of the Thames River and the event starts from Putney Bridge and finishes yards before Chiswick Bridge - a distance of 4 miles and 374 yards. [PAR] This annual rowing competition was televised by the BBC and watched by over 8 miilion viewers in the UK and many more millions of international audience in 180 countries. The competition is a major international sporting event and makes it the most viewed single day rowing event in the world.[DOC] [TLE] 10 June 1829: the first Oxford and Cambridge boat race 10 June 1829: the first Oxford and Cambridge boat race [PAR] Home > 10 June 1829: the first Oxford and Cambridge boat race [PAR] 10 June 1829: the first Oxford and Cambridge boat race [PAR] 10/06/2015 [PAR] Oxford won the first boat race \u201ceasily\u201d [PAR] The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race has become one of the highlights of the British sporting calendar. Every year, up to 250,000 people line the banks of the Thames to see the two university crews battle it out on the water. In 2015, 6.8 million people watched the race on TV. [PAR] It was started by two old friends from Harrow School, Charles Merivale, a Cambridge student, and Charles Wordsworth (nephew of the poet), who was at Oxford. [PAR] On 10 February 1829, Cambridge University Boat Club officially challenged Oxford to a race. And on this day in 1829, the first race took place at Henley in front of some 15,000 spectators. Oxford came out the winners \u2013 the official record states they won \u201ceasily\u201d. [PAR] It wasn\u2019t run again until 1836, this time in London, between Westminster and Putney. It didn\u2019t run on the present course, from Putney to Mortlake, until 1845, and became an annual event in 1856, with an official distance of four miles and 374 yards. [PAR] It hasn\u2019t been entirely without controversy. In 1877, for the only time in its history, the race was judged to be a dead heat. This is still a bone of contention at Oxford, who claim they crossed the line first. But"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - World Wars: The Vichy Policy on Jewish ... BBC - History - World Wars: The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation [PAR] The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation [PAR] By Paul Webster [PAR] Last updated 2011-02-17 [PAR] The story of the Vichy regime during World War Two - particularly the part it played in the deportation of Jews - was kept quiet for years. Eventually, and slowly, however, the tale of its betrayal of the Jewish community in France has emerged - as Paul Webster reports. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The rescue of 7,000 Jews from Nazi-occupied Denmark in January 1943 has passed from history into legend. With the help of the Danish civil service and police, and the encouragement of King Christian X, almost the entire Jewish population was smuggled out of the country overnight, to neutral Sweden, without alerting the occupying forces. [PAR] ... Hungary resisted Nazi demands to hand over Jews ... [PAR] It was the most daring of all such actions to save Jews from Nazi persecution through the years of World War Two, but great risks were also taken elsewhere. In 1941, in occupied Holland, for example, Communist trade unionists held protest strikes - ending with the deportation of leading demonstrators. [PAR] Even some pro-German states took a stand. Fascist Hungary resisted Nazi demands to hand over Jews until the country was invaded in 1944. Italy had anti-Semitic laws, but nevertheless defended French Jews in south-eastern France, which was occupied by the Italian army, and thus saved thousands of lives. [PAR] The last example is the most relevant to the tragic French experience, whose consequences are yet to be resolved. More than 60 years after a collaborationist French government helped deport 75,721 Jewish refugees and French citizens to Nazi death camps, the national conscience has still not fully come to terms with the betrayal of a community persecuted by French anti-Semitic laws. [PAR] Top [PAR] French background [PAR] After the 1789 Revolution, France was the first European country to emancipate Jews, and despite periodic resurgences of anti-Semitism the country had Europe's second biggest Jewish community - 330,000 - by 1939. About half were recent refugees from elsewhere in Europe, convinced that they would be protected by France's commitments on political and religious asylum. [PAR] ... fears ... France was on the verge of a Bolshevik revolution ... [PAR] By the turn of the century, however, anti-Semitism was being encouraged by the anti-republican movement Action Francaise, which had a strong following in the Catholic Church, as well as in the army, civil service and the judiciary. The movement supported extremists who believed that Jews could never integrate into a Christian country and were potential traitors. [PAR] A virulent racist campaign intensified in 1936, when the Socialist Popular Front government was led by a Jewish prime minister, L\u00e9on Blum. His appointment added to the fears of those convinced that France was on the verge of a Bolshevik revolution, aided by Jews. These fears intensified, and dominated the French administration during the years of World War Two. [PAR] The lightning defeat of the French army by the Germans in June 1940 brought down the democratic Third Republic, which was replaced by a French state, headed by 84-year-old Mar\u00e9chal Philippe P\u00e9tain, who had fought in World War One. He set up his capital at Vichy, a spa in the Auvergne. The Germans had divided France into occupied and non-occupied zones, leaving P\u00e9tain's administration in charge of about two-fifths of the country - including the cities of Lyon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pato: Argentina\u2019s National Sport \u2039 The Argentina Independent Pato: Argentina\u2019s National Sport \u2039 The Argentina Independent [PAR] Pato: Argentina\u2019s National Sport [PAR] 24th February 2010 Daniel Edwards [PAR] 302 [PAR] What do you think is Argentina\u2019s national sport? It has to be football surely, hundreds of thousands of people streaming through turnstiles every week to fill the stadiums? Wrong. Ok maybe tennis at a push, very popular again, Argentine players litter the top 100 rankings. No, try again. The more cynical amongst us might say protesting, eating beef or hoarding monedas, but again you would be well off the mark. The actual sport of the nation plays like a cross between polo and basketball, frequently ends in broken bones and used to be played with a live duck. [PAR] I am, of course, talking about Pato. [PAR] Scoring a goal (Photo: Beatrice Murch) [PAR] A Potted History of Pato: [PAR] Just as football was popularised in England through mass games between villagers taking a rest from working the fields, the sport was established by gauchos breaking up the tedium of watching their herds in the Argentine pampa. There are written records of pato being played as early as 1610, and complaints of its violence and risk of injury and death dating from 1796. [PAR] The name comes from the role played by the aforementioned unfortunate duck (pato in Spanish); instead of a ball, the duck was placed in a basket with handles around it and tossed between mounted players, with the object of scoring in a net at the end of the field. Back in the game\u2019s formative years the definition of field was rather loose; games often were played between neighbouring ranches over miles and miles of empty countryside. And just as football in the middle ages was subject to church and state repression for its perceived immorality, so did pato face the iron fist of the authorities \u2013 numerous decrees in the 19th century sought to outlaw the sport, and by the turn of the 20th the sport had largely diminished. [PAR] The sport however resurfaced in the 1930s, more regulated and standardised than before. Ducks everywhere breathed a sigh of relief as their role was eliminated from the game, instead modern pato is played with a leather ball resembling a volleyball, surrounded by six wooden handles for easier grip- important when trying to scoop the ball up on a horse at full gallop. [PAR] The game slowly gained respect as an organised, proper sport, and was even declared Argentina\u2019s \u201cnational sport\u201d in 1953 by President Juan Per\u00f3n, in an acknowledgement of pato\u2019s role as a symbol of Argentine nationalism and the gaucho spirit which endows its citizens. It was never able however to match either the popular appeal of football or the upper-class allure of polo, and today it remains a sport primarily for aficionados and agricultural workers in the sprawling countryside that surrounds Buenos Aires. [PAR] Photo by Jorgelina Tu\u00f1on [PAR] These Men Can Ride! [PAR] After a season ravaged by an unusually wet Buenos Aires spring and many frustrating weekends of cancelled matches, I was able to witness pato first hand on a beautiful December afternoon. Taking place in the \u201chome of pato\u201d, a sports ground located near the Campo de Mayo military complex, two games were played that were to decide who played in the grand finale the following week. [PAR] The most striking aspect of the sport is the incredible skill shown by the riders. The players often find themselves hanging off their steeds at high speed to pluck the ball"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Henry Harrison | whitehouse.gov William Henry Harrison | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] William Henry Harrison [PAR] William Henry Harrison, an American military officer and politician, was the ninth President of the United States (1841), the oldest President to be elected at the time. On his 32nd day, he became the first to die in office, serving the shortest tenure in U.S. Presidential history. [PAR] \"Give him a barrel of hard cider and settle a pension of two thousand a year on him, and my word for it,\" a Democratic newspaper foolishly gibed, \"he will sit ... by the side of a 'sea coal' fire, and study moral philosophy. \" The Whigs, seizing on this political misstep, in 1840 presented their candidate William Henry Harrison as a simple frontier Indian fighter, living in a log cabin and drinking cider, in sharp contrast to an aristocratic champagne-sipping Van Buren. [PAR] Harrison was in fact a scion of the Virginia planter aristocracy. He was born at Berkeley in 1773. He studied classics and history at Hampden-Sydney College, then began the study of medicine in Richmond. [PAR] Suddenly, that same year, 1791, Harrison switched interests. He obtained a commission as ensign in the First Infantry of the Regular Army, and headed to the Northwest, where he spent much of his life. [PAR] In the campaign against the Indians, Harrison served as aide-de-camp to General \"Mad Anthony\" Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, which opened most of the Ohio area to settlement. After resigning from the Army in 1798, he became Secretary of the Northwest Territory, was its first delegate to Congress, and helped obtain legislation dividing the Territory into the Northwest and Indiana Territories. In 1801 he became Governor of the Indiana Territory, serving 12 years. [PAR] His prime task as governor was to obtain title to Indian lands so settlers could press forward into the wilderness. When the Indians retaliated, Harrison was responsible for defending the settlements. [PAR] The threat against settlers became serious in 1809. An eloquent and energetic chieftain, Tecumseh, with his religious brother, the Prophet, began to strengthen an Indian confederation to prevent further encroachment. In 1811 Harrison received permission to attack the confederacy. [PAR] While Tecumseh was away seeking more allies, Harrison led about a thousand men toward the Prophet's town. Suddenly, before dawn on November 7, the Indians attacked his camp on Tippecanoe River. After heavy fighting, Harrison repulsed them, but suffered 190 dead and wounded. [PAR] The Battle of Tippecanoe, upon which Harrison's fame was to rest, disrupted Tecumseh's confederacy but failed to diminish Indian raids. By the spring of 1812, they were again terrorizing the frontier. [PAR] In the War of 1812 Harrison won more military laurels when he was given the command of the Army in the Northwest with the rank of brigadier general. At the Battle of the Thames, north of Lake Erie, on October 5, 1813, he defeated the combined British and Indian forces, and killed Tecumseh. The Indians scattered, never again to offer serious resistance in what was then called the Northwest. [PAR] Thereafter Harrison returned to civilian life; the Whigs, in need of a national hero, nominated him for President in 1840. He won by a majority of less than 150,000, but swept the Electoral College, 234 to 60. [PAR] When he arrived in Washington in February 1841, Harrison let Daniel Webster edit his Inaugural Address, ornate with classical allusions. Webster obtained some deletions, boasting in a jolly fashion that he had killed \"seventeen Roman proconsuls as dead as smelts, every one of them.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Infostrada/Ferrovie dello Stato ... - Practical Law Company Practical Law [PAR] Practical Law [PAR] You need to login to access these options. [PAR] My account [PAR] Resource type: Legal update: archive [PAR] Status: Published on 01-Nov-1998 [PAR] Jurisdiction: European Union [PAR] Notification of agreement between Infostrada, a subsidiary of the Olivetti and Mannesmann groups and Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), the main railway operator in Italy, for the purchase of certain rights from FS, notably: the right to access FS's infrastructure in order to deploy cables (the right of way) and the right to use parts of the existing FS dark fiber optic cables (the right of use). Source: OJ No C 283, 12th September, 1998, p. 3. [PAR] Actions [PAR] Customer services are available weekdays: 8:30am to 7:00pm (GMT) [PAR] 5 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5AQ | Map [PAR] \u00a92016 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy and Cookies . Legal Information . [PAR] \u00a92016 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy and Cookies(http://www.practicallaw.com/3-386-5597).Legal Information(http://www.practicallaw.com/8-531-0965). Subscription enquiries +44 (0)20 7202 1220 or email subscriptions@practicallaw.com. The reference after links to resources on our site (e.g. 2-123-4567) is to the PLC Reference ID. This will include any PDF or Word versions of articles. [PAR] Cookie Policy [PAR] We use cookies to give you the best experience on our website. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time but if you do, you may lose some functionality on our website. More information can be found in our Privacy Policy and Cookies .[DOC] [TLE] Italo and Trenitalia: the two italian railway companies ... Italo and Trenitalia: the two italian railway companies stormy relationship | ROOSTERGNN [PAR] Italo and Trenitalia: the two italian railway companies stormy relationship [PAR] 11/10/2015 | Irene Padovese [PAR] Train station | Mavericksaur Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Founded in 1905 and having managed the entire Italian rail network since then, Ferrovie dello Stato is the main railway company in Italy. In 1992 the company was privatized following the European legislation, but the act remained mainly formal: shares were and are still owned by the Italian government. [PAR] What happened in 2000 was the start of something new: the two main divisions of the company, services and infrastructures, were separated while creating two different companies that every Italian traveler knows well now: Trenitalia, responsible for transport service, and Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, responsible for the management of rail infrastructure. Both companies were, among others, subsidiaries of Ferrovie dello Stato Spa. Finally, since 2011 the name was modified into the simple acronym FS. [PAR] But the history of the Italian railway monopoly does not end here. In 2009, the revolution of the high speed rail hit Italy too, maybe a bit later compared with other countries, but still in time: this high speed way of traveling changed the Italian lifestyle allowing passengers to travel more often and giving the opportunity of living and working in different cities. The \u201cItalian underground\u201d (this is how they call the high speed trains \u2013 Alta Velocit\u00e0 in Italian) carried in 2011 more than 25 million of passengers. [PAR] Fs and Trenitalia had to face a new challenge soon, tough. Since April 2012, for the first time in Europe, a competitive railway company flourished and started to sell high-speed train tickets to Italian customers: the new private company NTV (Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori), founded by the entrepreuner Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, made its debut by building modern high speed connections between Milan, Rome and Naples. Compared to Fs, the competitive company offers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olivier Fernande on Pinterest | Pablo Picasso, Great Love ... 1000+ images about Olivier Fernande on Pinterest | Oil on canvas, First love and Henri rousseau [PAR] Forward [PAR] The first great love of Picasso\u2019s life was a curvy, green-eyed, auburn-haired woman named Fernande Olivier (1881\u20131966). Picasso and Olivier were regularly smoked Opium together and were repeatedly unfaithful to one another. She is recognized as the inspiration for Picasso\u2019s transition from his gloomy Blue Period to his lighter and more cheerful Rose Period. Learn more by clicking on the image! [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bears beat Redskins 73-0 in NFL Championship game Bears beat Redskins 73-0 in NFL Championship game - Dec 08, 1940 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Bears beat Redskins 73-0 in NFL Championship game [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Bears beat Redskins 73-0 in NFL Championship game [PAR] Author [PAR] Bears beat Redskins 73-0 in NFL Championship game [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1940, the Chicago Bears trounce the Washington Redskins in the National Football League (NFL) Championship by a score of 73-0, the largest margin of defeat in NFL history. The Bears, coached by George Halas, brought a 6-2 record to their regular-season meeting with the Redskins in Washington on November 17, 1940. After Chicago lost 3-7, the Redskins coach, George Preston Marshall, told reporters that Halas and his team were \u201cquitters\u201d and \u201ccry babies.\u201d Halas used Marshall\u2019s words to galvanize his players, and the Bears scored 78 points in their next two games to set up a showdown with the Redskins in the league\u2019s championship game on December 8, also in Washington. [PAR] Less than a minute into the game, the Bears\u2019 running back Bill Osmanski ran 68 yards to score the first touchdown. After the Redskins narrowly missed an opportunity to tie the game, the Bears clamped down and began to dominate, leaving the field at halftime with a 28-0 lead. Things only got worse for the Redskins, and by the end of the second half officials were asking Halas not to let his team kick for extra points, as they were running out of footballs after too many had been kicked into the stands. [PAR] The Bears followed their history-making win with two more consecutive championships, including a game against the New York Giants at Chicago\u2019s Wrigley Field just two weeks after Japan\u2019s attack on Pearl Harbor. Many great football players were subsequently drafted into World War II, and Halas himself would leave in 1942 for a tour of duty in the Pacific. In 1946, after the war ended, Halas and a number of former players returned to the team, and the Bears won their fourth NFL Championship in seven years. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Are the Great Lakes connected? - Ask History Are the Great Lakes connected? - Ask History [PAR] Ask History [PAR] November 12, 2014 By Elizabeth Nix [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Are the Great Lakes connected? [PAR] Author [PAR] Are the Great Lakes connected? [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] Covering more than 94,000 square miles in the United States and Canada, the Great Lakes \u2013 Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior\u2014are connected by a series of rivers, straits and smaller lakes, forming the world\u2019s largest freshwater system. With an estimated 6 quadrillion gallons of water (that\u2019s enough to bury the 48 contiguous states under about 9.5 feet of H2O), the Great Lakes contain more than 20 percent of the world\u2019s freshwater supply and more than 80 percent of North America\u2019s freshwater. Among the waterways linking the lakes are the St. Marys River, which flows from Lake Superior to Lake Huron; the Niagara River, connecting Lake Erie to Lake Ontario; and the narrow Straits of Mackinac, joining Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (hydrologically, the two lakes are considered a single body of water). [PAR] Of the five lakes, Superior is the deepest and largest in terms of surface area and water volume, while Erie is the shallowest and smallest by volume. Lake Michigan, the second-largest by volume, is the only one of the five lakes located entirely in the United States. Interspersed throughout the lakes are some 35,000 islands, the biggest of which, Canada\u2019s Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron, is sizeable enough to have lakes of its own. [PAR] Numerous Indian tribes inhabited the Great Lakes region long before the arrival of French explorers in the 17th century. Etienne Brule, an interpreter and scout for Samuel de Champlain, is credited as the first European to discover the Great Lakes, around 1615. The lakes later played a key role in the region\u2019s development as an important industrial center. Since the opening of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System in 1959, large cargo vessels can travel from the Atlantic Ocean to Duluth, Minnesota, on Lake Superior\u2013the farthest-inland freshwater seaport in North America\u2014a journey of more than 2,000 miles. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Hospital Chelsea Royal Hospital Chelsea | [PAR] Home of the Chelsea Pensioners [PAR] The Royal Hospital Chelsea is the home of the iconic Chelsea Pensioners, who are all retired soldiers of the British Army. Since 1692 we have offered care and comradeship for veterans in recognition of their loyal service to the Nation. Find out more ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biological production and eutrophication of Baltic Sea ... Biological production and eutrophication of Baltic Sea estuarine ecosystems: The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons | DeepDyve [PAR] Try 2 weeks free now [PAR] Biological production and eutrophication of Baltic Sea estuarine ecosystems: The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons [PAR] Aleksandrov, S.V. The long-term data on the temporal and spatial changes of chlorophyll and nutrients concentrations, phytoplankton biomass, primary production and mineralization of organic matter in the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons were analyzed using seasonal data to 1994 and monthly data to 2007 at 9\u201312 stations. A comparison with hydrological (water temperature, salinity, water exchange) and chemical parameters indicate the main abiotic factors which influence the level of biological production and the trophic state of lagoons. Most of the Curonian Lagoon showed the strong summer warming-up of water (higher 20 \u00b0C) combined with freshwater conditions, slow-flow velocity and high concentrations of phosphorus which creates conditions for hyperblooms of Cyanobacteria. The biological production of the Vistula Lagoon is below the potentially possible level as the hydrodynamic activity (high-flow velocity) and brackish water prevent the intensive development of Cyanobacteria. The Curonian Lagoon may be considered as hypertrophic water body whereas the Vistula Lagoon is a eutrophic water body. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Marine Pollution Bulletin Elsevier http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/biological-production-and-eutrophication-of-baltic-sea-estuarine-pTHFL83FRp [PAR] Biological production and eutrophication of Baltic Sea estuarine ecosystems: [PAR] The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons [PAR] S.V. Aleksandrov [PAR] Atlantic Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (AtlantNIRO), 5, Dm. Donskoy Str., Kaliningrad 236000, Russia [PAR] article info [PAR] The long-term data on the temporal and spatial changes of chlorophyll and nutrients concentrations, [PAR] phytoplankton biomass, primary production and mineralization of organic matter in the Curonian and [PAR] Vistula Lagoons were analyzed using seasonal data to 1994 and monthly data to 2007 at 9\u201312 stations. [PAR] A comparison with hydrological (water temperature, salinity, water exchange) and chemical parameters [PAR] indicate the main abiotic factors which in\ufb02uence the level of biological production and the trophic state [PAR] of lagoons. Most of the Curonian Lagoon showed the strong summer warming-up of water (higher 20 \u00b0C) [PAR] combined with freshwater conditions, slow-\ufb02ow velocity and high concentrations of phosphorus which [PAR] creates conditions for hyperblooms of Cyanobacteria. The biological production of the Vistula Lagoon is [PAR] below the potentially possible level as the hydrodynamic activity (high-\ufb02ow velocity) and brackish water [PAR] prevent the intensive development of Cyanobacteria. The Curonian Lagoon may be considered as hyper- [PAR] trophic water body whereas the Vistula Lagoon is a eutrophic water body. [PAR] \u00d3 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. [PAR] 1. Introduction [PAR] The problems of contamination of coastal and offshore environ- [PAR] ments and, consequently, of aquatic organisms by pathogenic bac- [PAR] teria and in uncontrolled run-off from urban and agricultural areas, [PAR] are manifest in the Baltic Sea region (HELCOM, 2002). Eutrophica- [PAR] tion from the same sources encourages harmful algal blooms that [PAR] may contaminate \ufb01sh and shell\ufb01sh. [PAR] Coastal lagoons are most vulnerable to direct impacts of natural [PAR] environmental and anthropogenic factors. Due to this sensitivity, [PAR] the analysis of long-term changes of chemical and biological [PAR] parameters in lagoons could demonstrate the actual relationship [PAR] between global and local changes, including the discrimination of [PAR] what is \u2018\u2018natural\u201d from what is due to the human action. [PAR] The Curonian and Vistula Lagoon are the largest coastal lagoons [PAR] of the Baltic Sea separated from the sea by narrow sand spits. These [PAR] Lagoons are similar in ground types, mean depths, wind and tem- [PAR] perature regimes, however quite different in continental runoff [PAR] and water salinity. The main morphometric and hydrological"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Micturating/Voiding Cystourethrogram (MCUG/VCUG) - Patient Micturating/Voiding Cystourethrogram (MCUG/VCUG) | Health | Patient [PAR] Micturating/Voiding Cystourethrogram (MCUG/VCUG) [PAR] 666 [PAR] A micturating/voiding cystourethrogram (MCUG/VCUG) produces X-ray images of the bladder and urinary tract. [PAR] Note: the information below is a general guide only. The arrangements, and the way tests are performed, may vary between different hospitals. Always follow the instructions given by your doctor or local hospital. [PAR] What is a micturating/voiding cystourethrogram (MCUG/VCUG)? [PAR] A cystourethrogram produces specialised X-ray pictures. These help assess the structure and function of the lower urinary tract, in particular the bladder ('cysto') and the urethra (a tube which takes urine to the outside of your body). Images are also taken while the patient passes urine. Passing urine can be called micturating or voiding, hence the name. This is done to see whether urine flows away correctly from the bladder. [PAR] Note: for the rest of this leaflet we will use the short form of 'micturating/voiding cystourethrogram': MCUG/VCUG. [PAR] How does the urinary tract work? [PAR] There are two kidneys, one on each side of the tummy (abdomen). They make urine which drains down tubes called ureters into the bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder and is passed out through the urethra from time to time when we go to the toilet. [PAR] The ureter passes through the wall of the bladder at an angle. So, when the bladder contracts to pass urine, the wall of the bladder squeezes the end of the ureter to prevent urine being passed back up the ureter. In effect, this action works like a valve to stop backflow (reflux) of urine up the ureters. Normally, urine should only flow in one direction. [PAR] Muscles under the bladder (called the pelvic floor) create the valve which allows urine to flow out when we go to the toilet. When working correctly, they should stop the urine coming out until we want it to. [PAR] What is an MCUG/VCUG used for? [PAR] An MCUG/VCUG is most commonly used in children who have repeated urinary tract infections. In some children, a problem with the junction of the ureters and bladder allows urine to flow backwards towards the kidneys instead of away from them. This condition is called vesicoureteric reflux. Usually this valve problem does not cause the urine infections. However, in children who get them, it is important that it is picked up. This is so that action can be taken to protect the kidneys from infected urine, and so prevent kidney damage. This is most often why an MCUG/VCUG is done. [PAR] Other reasons an MCUG/VCUG is done: [PAR] To find the cause of urinary incontinence . [PAR] To look for a cause of repeated urinary tract infections. [PAR] To check for structural problems of the bladder and the urethra. [PAR] To look for injuries to the bladder or urethra. [PAR] How does an MCUG/VCUG work? [PAR] Normally, soft, hollow structures such as the bladder and ureters don't show up on X-ray images. In an MCUG/VCUG a special dye called a contrast agent is inserted into the bladder. The contrast agent blocks X-rays so that the areas it fills show up bright white in colour. This shows up the structures being examined by making them stand out against the black background on the X-ray picture. [PAR] An MCUG/VCUG also uses fluoroscopy. This is a technique which produces moving live video X-ray pictures on a screen. This allows the doctor to watch as the contrast agent fills the bladder and to observe any problems or defects. Urine should not flow backwards"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Uffizi Gallery tickets :: reservations for the museum Uffizi Gallery tickets :: reservations for the museum [PAR] Audioguide: [PAR] Visit the Uffizi Gallery without queuing up! [PAR] With 3 simple steps you can buy tickets and visit the Uffizi Gallery without standing in line. [PAR] With a few clicks you can see The Birth Of Venus or The Spring by Botticelli, The Annunciation by Leonardo Da Vinci, the Tondo Doni by Michelangelo and many others... [PAR] Do not waste time during your holidays by standing in line. Buy tickets online through our safe and easy system and you will have immediate access to the masterpieces of Florence. [PAR] We sell Official tickets authorized from Civita-Opera Laboratori Fiorentini that you can visit here [PAR] You can buy tickets for most Florentine museums at the same time. Do not waste your time, rely on us! [PAR] In our website you can find all the necessary information on how the system works, on the safety of transactions or simply on how to get more information on your past or future purchases. [PAR] IMPORTANT : [PAR] If the time requested is not available, the museum will confirm a timetable different from the one you requested, but as close as possible to the one you requested. [PAR] What makes this Tour Unique? [PAR] See famous masterpieces like the Michelangelo's Holy Family, the Botticelli's Birth of Venus and the Spring [PAR] Skip the line and don't waste you time [PAR] Stay in the museum how long you want [PAR] Reduced and free tickets [PAR] Reduced/Half Ticket: [PAR] European Community citizens between 18 and 25 years old (valid identity document needed at the entrance) [PAR] Teachers from EU public institutes (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano, Montecarlo, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Repubblica di San Marino, Lichtestein included) with proof of tenure. [PAR] Free Ticket: [PAR] Audioguides (not included) [PAR] Available in Italian, English, French, German, Spanish, Russian and Japanese. [PAR] Cost: individual \u20ac 6,00; double \u20ac 10,00. You can rent them on your own at the ticket office but they are not included in the ticket price. [PAR] Library [PAR] Access from the Uffizi Loggia. Opening hours: Tuesday and Wednesday 9,00-13,30; Thursday and Friday 9,00-13,00. [PAR] Bookshop [PAR] There are three museum shops: two at the entrance and one at the exit. One of the bookshops at the entrance is specialised in art publications. In the other two it is possible to buy guide books in various languages (italian, english, frech, german, spanish, japanese and russian) and objects inspired by works of the Gallery. [PAR] Cloakroom [PAR] Near the entrance. Visitors must hand in umbrellas, large bags and backpacks. There is no charge. [PAR] Caf\u00e9 [PAR] There is a caf\u00e9, which also offers restaurant service, on the Gallery floor at the end of the tour. It is situated on the terrace above the Uffizi Loggia and commands a splendid view over the city. [PAR] Post Office [PAR] At the Gallery exit there is a post office which provides normal services, currency exchange, postage of objects acquired at the museum shop, collectors' stamps. [PAR] Disabled Visitors [PAR] We sell Official tickets authorized from Civita-Opera Laboratori Fiorentini that you can visit here [PAR] The most important art gallery in Italy and the earliest museum in modern Europe, it displays the greatest paintings from every age. It houses the most significant classical sculptures from the Medici collections and a big selection of Italian and European painting from 13th to 18th C., mainly late Medieval and Renaissance Tuscan works. [PAR] History [PAR] The Uffizi Palace was built by Giorgio Vasari at the wishes of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The week in radio: Desert Island Discs; The Compass; Chris ... The week in radio: Desert Island Discs; The Compass; Chris Evans; The Archers | Television & radio | The Guardian [PAR] The Observer [PAR] The week in radio: Desert Island Discs; The Compass; Chris Evans; The Archers [PAR] Castaway Bill Gates impressed \u2013 just not with all his music choices. And fond memories of Terry Wogan on the Chris Evans show [PAR] \u2018Far more likable than expected\u2019: Bill Gates joins Kirsty Young on Desert Island Discs. Photograph: BBC/PA [PAR] Desert Island Discs (Radio 4) iPlayer [PAR] The Compass: My Perfect Country (BBC World Service) iPlayer [PAR] Chris Evans (Radio 2) iPlayer [PAR] The Archers (Radio 4) iPlayer [PAR] Bill Gates is on Desert Island Discs . He sounds as you imagine: reedy yet assertive, like he\u2019s so clever he knows what Kirsty Young is going to ask before she says it. (He doesn\u2019t: Kirsty always has a side-swiper question up her sleeve, that\u2019s her USP.) He seems younger than his age (60), and modest, despite the fact that, even among DID alumni, Gates\u2019s successes are impressive. Not just in the computer world, where we hear he was employing people before he could legally drive, but with his charitable foundation. At one point he mentions that in the past 18 months there have been no \u2013 that\u2019s zero \u2013 incidents of polio in the whole of Africa. \u201cJust Pakistan and Afghanistan to go,\u201d he says. And then polio will be gone, banished from the planet partly due to the efforts and money of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation . He says it in passing. I had to go back to check I\u2019d heard right. What an achievement. [PAR] When Young asked him about being ruthless (her side-swiper), Gates said he wasn\u2019t\u2026 but then admitted that when he worked in computing he would always go for a \u201csuper-low price point\u201d, because he was \u201cbetting on volume\u201d, and for his rivals that would definitely be considered ruthless. [PAR] Gates started off well, with Queen, Bowie, Hendrix\u2026 but then jumped into musical theatre, which is never good [PAR] And the music (always the most revealing part)? His taste went skew-whiff as the programme went on: he started off well, with Queen and Bowie\u2019s Under Pressure, Willie Nelson and Jimi Hendrix, but then jumped into musical theatre, which is never good. In the end he was far more likable than I expected, though that might be part of his ruthlessness. There are worries about whether his foundation pays enough taxes. Still, no more polio. Amazing. [PAR] Working towards a better world\u2026 over on the World Service, they\u2019ve been wondering about the same thing. In The Compass: My Perfect Country , Fi Glover, accompanied by Martha Lane Fox and Professor Henrietta Moore, is taking a look at different countries for what we might consider their assets. Estonia was the first. It\u2019s a digital success story: after breaking away from the Soviet Union in 1991, it \u201cleapfrogged\u201d (Moore\u2019s term), quickly becoming one of the most internet-friendly countries in the world. Free Wi-Fi for everyone, all schools digitally connected. You can file your tax return in two minutes because every governmental department is linked digitally, so it\u2019s all prepared for you. Estonia chose to do this because it\u2019s a largeish country with only 1.3 million people in it, so connection between them is important. An interesting beginning to an interesting series, and lovely to hear Fi Glover\u2019s voice and her light, funny script. [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] L-r: Henrietta Moore, Fi Glover and Martha Lane"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Formula one: Lewis Hamilton disqualified from Australian ... Formula one: Lewis Hamilton disqualified from Australian grand prix | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Lewis Hamilton disqualified from Australian grand prix [PAR] \u2022 Jarno Trulli's third-place finish reinstated for Toyota [PAR] \u2022 McLaren deny withholding any meaningful evidence [PAR] Lewis Hamilton, left, has been docked the points he received for finishing third at the Melbourne grand prix. Photograph: Mark Horsburgh/Reuters [PAR] Thursday 2 April 2009 05.14 EDT [PAR] First published on Thursday 2 April 2009 05.14 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 7 years old [PAR] The FIA says it has not ruled out further sanctions after Lewis Hamilton and McLaren were disqualified from the Australian grand prix for \"misleading\" stewards during an inquiry into the latter stages of race . McLaren said they are disappointed by the decision, which they believe was 'harsh', but the team say they will not launch an appeal. [PAR] Hamilton finished fourth at the season opener in Melbourne on Sunday before being upgraded to third after Jarno Trulli, of Toyota , was adjudged to have illegally overtaken the world champion under the yellow flag on the 57th lap. After taking part in the podium ceremony, Trulli was belatedly handed a 25-second penalty, which relegated the Italian driver from third to 12th place. [PAR] However, Trulli's podium finish has now been reinstated on appeal and Hamilton and McLaren's classification annulled after the 23-year-old provided \"evidence deliberately misleading to the stewards at the hearing on 29 March\". [PAR] In response to the ruling, McLaren team principal Martin Whitmarsh argued: \"As we see it, during the closing stages of the race under difficult conditions, there was a safety car incident where Trulli fell off the circuit and Lewis legitimately passed. Lewis didn't do anything abnormal and it was clear Trulli shouldn't have passed him. But we have to accept the decision. Obviously we are disappointed by what happened but, in the circumstances, we are not going to appeal.\" [PAR] It has been suggested that the FIA arrived at the decision because McLaren withheld information about a radio conversation that took place between Hamilton and the pit during the course of the incident. [PAR] \"What I understand is that there's a belief that the team was not explicit enough in terms of the content of the radio conversations,\" Whitmarsh continued. \"We don't believe that those radio conversations had an effect on the fact that he was passed by Trulli under a safety car period. The problem is that the stewards believe that the team was not explicit enough in releasing that information. We don't think that affected the outcome of their [original] decision. I believe that it was a harsh decision. I think the facts of the case are that Lewis made a legitimate pass and subsequently was repassed. [PAR] \"We felt that the decision of the stewards in the immediate aftermath of the race was fair but the stewards now believe that the radio conversation \u2013 that was listened to and heard by the FIA \u2013 because it was not sufficiently contained in the submission that we made and that we withheld that was the reason that they came to their decision today. [PAR] \"As you would imagine Lewis is extremely disappointed. It's a harsh decision but I think that experience has told us that you have to accept these decisions and these things that come along and you focus on this weekend and the races beyond that.\" [PAR] The FIA detailed the reasons for their ruling in a statement which read: \"The stewards having"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur (1981) - IMDb Arthur (1981) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] | Comedy , Romance | 17 July 1981 (USA) [PAR] Arthur is a happy drunk with no pretensions at any ambition. He is also the heir to a vast fortune which he is told will only be his if he marries Susan. He does not love Susan, but she ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 09 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 13 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 3 weeks ago [PAR] Search for \" Arthur \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 9 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Arthur is a happy drunk with no pretensions at any ambition. He is also the heir to a vast fortune which he is told will only be his if he marries Susan. He does not love Susan, but she will make something of him the family expects. Arthur proposes but then meets a girl with no money who he could easily fall in love with. Written by John Vogel <jlvogel@comcast.net> [PAR] See All (35) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] I race cars, I play tennis, I fondle women, but I have weekends off and I am my own boss! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 17 July 1981 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Arturo, el millonario seductor See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The scene where Arthur drives his \"racing car\" around a track was shot at the now defunct Danbury Fair Racearena in Connecticut. The type of car that Arthur drove was never raced there, it was primarily for Modified stock cars and was one of America's great short tracks. Sadly, despite its great success, the land became too valuable and it gave way to a shopping mall. The Danbury Fair Racearena closed on October 12, 1981, shortly after the movie was filmed. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Burt Johnson takes the knife out of the cheese and starts to approach Arthur and Linda, she reaches her right arm under Arthur's right arm to clutch him. In the next close-up, her right arm is draped over Arthur's right shoulder as she clutches him. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Arthur : Isn't this fun? Isn't fun the best thing to have? Don't you wish you were me? I know I do. [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] One of the Funniest Films Ever! [PAR] 1 September 2006 | by (sylviastel@aol.com) [PAR] (United States) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Let's begin with that theme song sung by Christopher Cross. The song is \"If you get caught between the moon and New York City.\" It's a great theme and song even after all these years, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nidification - definition of nidification by The Free ... Nidification - definition of nidification by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Nidification - definition of nidification by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nidification [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] nid\u00b7i\u00b7fy [PAR] intr.v. nid\u00b7i\u00b7fied, nid\u00b7i\u00b7fy\u00b7ing, nid\u00b7i\u00b7fies [PAR] To build a nest. [PAR] [Latin n\u012bdific\u0101re : n\u012bdus, nest; see sed- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + -fic\u0101re, -fy.] [PAR] nid\u2032i\u00b7fi\u00b7ca\u2032tion (-f\u012d-k\u0101\u2032sh\u0259n) n. [PAR] nidification [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] From its affinity, the Spaniards call it Casarita (or little housebuilder), although its nidification is quite different. [PAR] quick QUIZ [PAR] Situee a 3 km au nord de la cote et 8 km du port de Beni Saf et relevant administrativement de la commune de Oulhaca, cette ile constitue un site de repos et de nidification de quelques especes de l'avifaune migratrice entre l'Eurasie et l'Afrique. [PAR] Habitat requirements of the endangered Amami Thrush (Zoothera dauma major), endemic to Amami-Oshima Island, southwestern Japan [PAR] The present communication encompasses the main objective to gather a firsthand information regarding the nest and various nidification activities such as the number of hours of labour for nest construction, the type and amount of nesting material collected during the busy hours of nidification, average time spent in gathering sticks for nest building, average time to carry the nesting material from its source to the nest, nest inspection and rearrangement activities by nest occupants to determine the role of both sexes of Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis coromandus) in Jammu as virtually nothing has been reported pertaining to these aspects of the bird from the study area."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prada on Pinterest | Miuccia Prada, Mario and Italian Fashion 1000+ images about Prada on Pinterest | Granddaughters, UX/UI Designer and Fashion designers [PAR] Forward [PAR] PRADA is an Italian fashion brand specializing in luxury goods for men and women, founded in 1913 by Mario Prada. Miuccia Prada was born in Milan, the youngest granddaughter of Mario Prada, founder of the company. Prada was born in Milan in 1949. In 1985, Miuccia had her first hit when she designed a line of black, finely woven nylon handbags. Miuccia was honored with the prestigious Council of Fashion Designers of American International Award in 1993. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Miu Miu - Fashion Brand | Brands | The FMD Miu Miu - Fashion Brand | Brands | The FMD [PAR] Miu Miu [PAR] A word from the EIC [PAR] Partnerships / Cooperations [PAR] Become a fashion editor on FMD [PAR] Content / Usage Questions [PAR] Why am I listed on FMD? [PAR] How can I submit content? [PAR] Credifair (credit for your work) [PAR] DMCA + Content MGMT [PAR] the pure fashion news agency [PAR] December 27th [PAR] Supermodels pay tribute to George Michael [PAR] Twin Models Ruth and May Bell star in Dior's Newest Campaign [PAR] Stella Maxwell Fronts Roberto Cavalli Spring 2017 Campaign [PAR] Franca Sozzani passes away at 66 [PAR] Andr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd de sa Pessoa [PAR] Photographers [PAR] Oscar de la Renta pink label [PAR] Polo Jeans Co. [PAR] +392 76 00 14 26 [PAR] Website [PAR] Prada Group [PAR] about [PAR] Miu Miu is a clothing line from the Prada fashion house, begun in 1992, and headed by Miuccia Prada. 'Miu Miu' is Miuccia Prada's nickname, for which she chose to name the collection. [PAR] There are Miu Miu boutiques situated in New York, London, Florence, Milan, Tokyo, Nagoya, Kobe, Fukuoka, Paris, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taipei. Miu Miu has plans to open up two more United States boutique throughout 2008 in Los Angeles and Boston. [PAR] The Look [PAR] The line is well-known for its clean and stylish designs, as well as the use of fine materials. [PAR] Who Wears It [PAR] Nicole Richie, Mischa Barton, Lindsay Lohan, Serena Williams, Adrienne Bailon, Gwen Stefani, [PAR] Official Social Media"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] July Birthstone - Ruby - Birth Stones by Months July Birthstone - Ruby - Birth Stones by Months [PAR] You are here: Home Birthstones by Month July Birthstone \u2013 Ruby [PAR] July Birthstone \u2013 Ruby [PAR] July Birthstone Ruby [PAR] The brilliant Ruby is given to those who are born in July. Next to the diamond, it is the second hardest material on Earth. The wearer will be found in good luck and have strong protection. It stands for courage, integrity, happiness and devotion. Ruby is derived from \u201cruber\u201d in Latin, meaning red, the traditional more sought after color of this precious stone. [PAR] The ruby can be found in a variety of shades form deep strawberry to even violet. The amount of aluminum oxide it contains will dictate its shade. Today, the color of many rubies is caused by man-made heat treatments. [PAR] The mining of rubies dates back to over 2,500 years ago. There are ruby mines in Thailand, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Napal, Vietnam and India, where it is believed that if you made an offering of rubies to Lord Krishna, you would be reincarnated as an emperor. [PAR] According to the Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, there are specific gemstones have been designated to symbolize our birth-month. Referred to as birthstones, each one aligns with the energy of its given month and the season of where it falls within a year. According to a Jewish historian, Josephus, he claimed that the breastplate of Aaron was inlaid twelve stones. Each of these stones had a connection with the twelve months of the year. Each precious stone aligns with the season, mental and spiritual energies. They are much sought after for their legends of magical and healing powers. [PAR] The Hindus regard the ruby at the \u201cLord of Gems\u201d. In biblical terms, it is a symbol of fire, passion, love, power and importance. For some owners it may bestow upon them fame, virtue, and a commanding power, however, it is discouraged from women, as regular use will destroy body luster. Red is a powerful color, so the ruby has been used for treating blood illnesses and utilized to increase thought patterns, eliminate depression, cures fevers, and gout. For these uses, it is recommended to be worn on the ring finger. It is given as a gift to bring its owner success and prosperity, and will enable one to live a long life. Ruby is one of the family in navagraha stones, which are stones representing the nine planets and have a cosmic influence on every inhabitant. It represents the sun and is seen as the stone closest related to our souls. [PAR] Other Interesting facts about the July Birthstone Ruby: [PAR] -Whether ruby is in the same family as the sapphire [PAR] -In India, a ruby ring is worn for astrological reasons [PAR] -Ruby is often preferred to the diamond as an engagement ring, due to its rich color and symbolism [PAR] -Ninety percent of rubies in the market today have been heat treated to enhance their quality [PAR] -To bring good fortune, it should be worn on the left hand [PAR] -Legend states that only if it is worn by its rightful owner, will it bring about positive powers [PAR] Other July Symbols: [PAR] July Birth Flower: [PAR] Water Lily and the Larkspur. The water lily is given through \u201cpurity of heart\u201d, and the larkspur inspires levity and lightness. [PAR] July Birth Tree:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pampero (fictional ship) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) Pampero (fictional ship) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Pampero (fictional ship) [PAR] Wikis [PAR] Pampero (fictional ship): Wikis [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Top rankings for Pampero (fictional ship) [PAR] 87th [PAR] (Redirected to The Onedin Line article) [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] The Onedin Line was a popular BBC television drama series that ran from 1971 to 1980. The series is set in Liverpool in the mid-19th century and deals with the rise of a shipping line, the Onedin Line, named after its owner James Onedin. Around this central theme are the lives of his family, most notably his brother and 'partner', shop owner Robert, and his sister Elizabeth, giving insight into the lifestyle and customs at the time, not only at sea, but also ashore (mostly lower and upper middle class). The series also illustrates some of the changes in business and shipping, such as from wooden to steel ships and from sailing ships to steam ships. And it shows the role that ships played in affairs like international politics, uprisings and the slave trade. [PAR] The series was created by Cyril Abraham, a native of Liverpool, where the story is set. An article in \"Woman\" magazine published in July 1973, interviewing Cyril Abraham, tells how he came up with the very unusual family name Onedin. [PAR] He wanted something unique, He'd decided to call the male character James, but still had not found a name when the BBC agreed to film the story. Then some inspiration. He said, \"One day I stumbled across the word Ondine , a mythological sea creature. By transposing the \"e\", I had James Onedin, a sea devil.\" [PAR] The music behind the opening credits of the series is an excerpt from the Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia from the ballet Spartacus by Aram Khachaturian , and other background music includes excerpts from Ralph Vaughan Williams 's Symphony No. 5 , Manuel de Falla 's The Three-Cornered Hat , and Dmitri Shostakovich 's Symphony No. 1 . The programme was recorded in Dartmouth, Devon , as well as certain scenes in Exeter , Falmouth and Gloucester (many of the dock scenes). The last series was filmed in Pembroke Dock , Wales where the 18th Century naval dockyard and surrounding streets became Liverpool and various coastal locations in the Pembrokeshire area substituted for Turkey and Portugal. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 9 References [PAR] Story outline [PAR] James Onedin (played by Peter Gilmore ), the younger son of old Samuel Onedin, a miserly ship chandler , was a penniless sea captain with aspirations to greater things. He married Anne Webster ( Anne Stallybrass ), who was some years his senior (Stallybrass, however, actually was 7 years younger than Gilmore) and the spinster daughter of Captain Joshua Webster, owner of the topsail schooner Charlotte Rhodes. James's only motivation was to get his hands on the ship. A shrewd and often ruthless operator, James soon built up a fleet, assisted by the loyal Mr (later Captain) Baines. His other sailing ships included the Pampero, the Medusa and the Soren Larsen . He also initiated the building of a steamship , the Anne Onedin. [PAR] James's volatile sister, Elizabeth ( Jessica Benton ), became pregnant by seafarer Daniel Fogarty ( Michael Billington ) but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GEOGRAPHY OF ANATOLIA AND ASIA MINOR GEOGRAPHY OF ANATOLIA AND ASIA MINOR [PAR] [PAR] Geographical Setting : [PAR] When we talk about Asia Minor, geographically, we refer to the land mass known as Anatolia, which roughly occupies the area covered by present day Turkey. The word Anatolia covers much of present Turkey, whereas Asia Minor is limited to Central and Western portions of the country. As generally referred, Asia Minor doesn't include the eastern Turkey. So, Anatolia, relatively covers a larger area than Asia Minor does. We don't know exactly when and how the Anatolian Peninsula came to be called Asia Minor or Asia, but we have some clues from ancient writers like Homers, Herodotus, Strabo who refer to the land by this name. The name Asia Minor was first clearly used by Ptolemaios in the 2nd C., and in the modern geographical meaning it was used in the first half of the 5th C. In the ancient times, Asia Minor referred to was a much narrower area than what we know today. Asia Minor was used to discriminate the land in question from a larger area Asia Major that covers the continent of Asia. Besides the name Asia Minor, another name is often used to refer to this area as well. Anatolia or Anadolu in Turkish means \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe land where the sun rises\" comes from the ancient Greek name Anatole and has been used since the 3rd C. Anatolia in general covers a larger area than Asia Minor does and is used to cover Syria, Mesopotamia and Egypt as well as Asia Minor. Anatolia is more often used after the 3rd C., and in the Byzantine times it was used replacing the name Asia. [PAR] Land is bordered by the three seas being, Pontus Euxinus ( Black Sea ) on north, by Aigaios Pelagos (Aegean Sea) on west, by Thalassa (Mediterranean Sea) on south and an inner sea Propontis (sea of Marmara) on the northwest. The Seas of Pontus Euxinus and Propontis are connected with a long narrow strait known as Bosporus Thrakios (Bosphorus). On his Scythian campaign Persian king Darius built a pontoon bridge of boats and transported his army across the Bosphorus. Propontis sea is separated from Aigaois Pelagos by another strait Hellespont or Dardanelles. Similar to that of Darius, Xerxes the Persian king on his campaign against Greece built a pontoon bridge on Dardanelles between the towns Abydos and Sestos through which his army moved into Europe. Pontus Euxinus, according to Herodotus is the most amazing among the seas and most beautiful and he gives us the length of this sea as 11,100 stadia (1,250 miles) whereas the Pontus is roughly 6,000 stadia (750 miles). [PAR] Two great mountain chains run from west to east, being Pontic mountain chain along the Black Sea coast to the north and Taurus mountain chain that goes parallel to the coast of Mediterranean Sea and bends inward towards the eastern Turkey. Besides these two main chains, the country has many single volcanoes that scatter from central to Eastern Turkey. One to mention here, Mt. Ararat in eastern Turkey was the final resting place of Noah's Ark after the great flood that is told in the chapter Genesis of the Old Testament. Mt. Ararat is the highest peak in the land with its elevation of 16,000 feet. Mt. Nemrut on the northern shore of Lake Van in eastern Turkey that is at an altitude of roughly 5,500 feet has one of the largest volcanic craters in the world with a 4 1/4 miles diameter. Known in ancient times as,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soap Operas during the Golden Age of Radio | Old Time Radio Soap Operas during the Golden Age of Radio | Old Time Radio [PAR] Soap Operas during the Golden Age of Radio [PAR] facebook twitter gmail [PAR] By 1930 the Networks and the Advertisers recognized the great potential of the Daytime market. It was reasoned that Men would be away from home working, and Children either at school or playing. That left the Housewife, by herself a powerful market force. [PAR] WGN-AM, Chicago, is credited with the very first soap opera , Clara, Lu, and Em , premiering Jun 16, 1930.The act began as sorority sketch by three friends Louise Starkey (Clara), Isobel Carothers (Lu), and Helen King (Em),at Northwestern University; it was popular enough that friends suggested they take it to radio.The trio approached WGN and did the first shows without pay. Interest soon grew and Colgate-Palmolive soon took sponsorship. Originally broadcast in the evening, the show was moved to daytime on Feb 15, 1932. [PAR] Clara, Lu, and Em : [PAR] The Housewife was busy taking care of the home, and would have the radio on as company. Irna Phillips, an actress and staff writer for talk shows on WGN, Chicago, was given the assignment of creating a 15 minute daily show \"about a family.\"The result was Painted Dreams, a story of Mother Moynihan and her unmarried daughter. Although originally unsponsored, Phillips would add an engagement and wedding to the plot in order to maximize product tie-ins. [PAR] Painted Dreams enjoyed a good deal of success, but Phillips couldn't talk WGN management into taking it national. While she was suing for the ownership of the show (CBS was eventually the rights to the program) she created Today's Children ( available in the Rare Soap Operas Collection ) for rival station WMAQ, which was an NBC affiliate. When Phillips' mother, the inspiration for the lead character, passed away, Irna insisted the show be discontinued. By now she was ready with Woman in White , the first daytime serial to be centered on a hospital (many have speculated about Irna Phillips' hypochondria in association with her fascination with hospitals.) [PAR] Defining the Soap Opera [PAR] Many critics begin by defining the soap opera by its sponsors. Indeed the target audience was the housewife, so marketing household and cleaning products towards her seems a natural fit. What is missing is the Operatic tradition within the name. Stories of wealth and glamour appealed to the housebound wife, and the use of serialization held the interest of the audience from day to day. [PAR] The term \" Soap Opera \" has never been value-neutral. Especially in North America, soap opera has always been considered a \"women's genre,\" and therefore easily devalued. The genre almost always has a reputation of tawdriness, deserved or not, which gives the term soap opera sexist and classist baggage. The radio soap is the most easily parodied of broadcast genres . There is a popular stereo type of the working class housewife allowing the dishes to stack in the sink as the kids run amuck, all the while she is lost to the world through her addiction to her Soaps. [PAR] This reputation of tawdriness ignores the fact the Soap Opera serials use some of the most complex forms of narrative in mass media, and that enjoyment of Soap Operas require a high degree of knowledge and sophistication on the part of the audience. Soap Opera is a form of escapism, but the high degree of knowledge needed on the part of the audience means that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paris 1900 Summer Olympics - results & video highlights Paris 1900 Summer Olympics - results & video highlights [PAR] Official Reports arrow [PAR] Games come second [PAR] The Games of 1900 were held in Paris as part of the World\u2019s Fair. The organisers spread the competitions over five months and under-promoted their Olympic status to such an extent that many athletes never knew they had actually participated in the Olympic Games. [PAR] Mixed teams and women [PAR] Tennis was one of five sports in which athletes from different nations competed on the same team. The others were football, polo, rowing and tug of war. Women made their first appearance in the modern Games. The first to compete were Mrs Brohy and Miss Ohnier of France in croquet. [PAR] Low attendance [PAR] An Englishman travelled all the way from Nice to watch the women\u2019s croquet event, which consisted only of French players. According to the records, his was the only entry ticket sold for the competition! [PAR] Memorable champions [PAR] The star of the Games was American Alvin Kraenzlein, who won the 60m, the 110m hurdles, 200m hurdles and the long jump. In general, there were many French champions at these Games, which was not surprising given several events were entered only by French competitors. [PAR] NOCs: 24 [PAR] Athletes: 997 (22 women, 975 men) [PAR] Events: 95 [PAR] Media: n/a [PAR] The Unknown Champion [PAR] On 26 August 1900, the Dutch coxed pair suddenly needed a replacement coxswain. A French boy was chosen and the Dutch pair rowed to a close victory. The French boy joined in the victory ceremony and had his photograph taken. Then he disappeared. Years of research have failed to turn up a clue as to his name or his actual age. Judging a Parisian boy of 1900 with present-day eyes, he could be anywhere from 7 to 12 years old. [PAR] Prinstein refuses to take part in the final [PAR] After the preliminary rounds, Myer Prinstein (USA-athletics) was leading in the long jump competition. Because of his religious beliefs, he refused to take part in the final as this was scheduled for a Sunday. In the final, his compatriot and rival Alvin Kraenzlein beat him by one centimetre. Prinstein was allegedly so angry that he attacked and punched Kraenzlein in the face. [PAR] Several nationalities on one team [PAR] In sports such as polo, sailing, athletics and tennis, medals were won by teams comprising athletes of different nationalities. [PAR] Sailing events at two venues [PAR] The sailing regattas took place on the Seine, but in two places: on the Meulan, 20km from Paris, and in the port of Le Havre, located at the mouth of the Seine. This was due to the big draught of certain boats which prevented them from navigating the river. The categories were established according to the number of tons (the norm at the time) of the boat. [PAR] A single spectator for croquet [PAR] The croquet event had only French players, who were actually from Paris, but the only entry ticket sold for the competition was bought by an Englishman, who had travelled from Nice especially for the occasion. [PAR] Teachers versus students [PAR] In fencing, one of the competitions organised away from the Games venue pitted fencing masters against their students. The results favoured a teacher who won against his student. [PAR] Many and victorious Frenchmen [PAR] French athletes won many medals at these Games. Not only because there were many more of them than athletes from the foreign delegations, but also because certain events were entered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Achilles - Ancient History - HISTORY.com Achilles - Ancient History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Achilles: Early Life [PAR] Like most mythological heroes, Achilles had a complicated family tree. His father was Peleus, the mortal king of the Myrmidons\u2013a people who, according to legend, were extraordinarily fearless and skilled soldiers. His mother was Thetis, a Nereid. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Today, we use the phrase \u201cAchilles heel\u201d to describe a powerful person\u2019s fatal weakness. [PAR] According to myths and stories composed long after the Iliad, Thetis was extraordinarily concerned about her baby son\u2019s mortality. She did everything she could to make him immortal: She burned him over a fire every night, then dressed his wounds with ambrosial ointment; and she dunked him into the River Styx, whose waters were said to confer the invulnerability of the gods. However, she gripped him tightly by the foot as she dipped him into the river\u2013so tightly that the water never touched his heel. As a result, Achilles was invulnerable everywhere but there. [PAR] When he was 9 years old, a seer predicted that Achilles would die heroically in battle against the Trojans. When she heard about this, Thetis disguised him as a girl and sent him to live on the Aegean island of Skyros. To be a great warrior was Achilles\u2019 fate, however, and he soon left Skyros and joined the Greek army. In a last-ditch effort to save her son\u2019s life, Thetis asked the divine blacksmith Hephaestus to make a sword and shield that would keep him safe. The armor that Hephaestus produced for Achilles did not make him immortal, but it was distinctive enough to be recognized by friend and foe alike. [PAR] When Homer wrote the Iliad in about 720 BCE, however, readers and listeners would not have known any of this. They only knew that Achilles was a great hero, that he had superhuman strength and courage and that he was supremely handsome. Homer painted a more nuanced picture: In addition to these qualities, his Achilles was vengeful and quick to anger and could be petulant when he did not get his way. He was also deeply loyal and would sacrifice anything for his friends and family. [PAR] Achilles: The Trojan War [PAR] According to legend, the Trojan War began when the god-king Zeus decided to reduce Earth\u2019s mortal population by arranging a war between the Greeks (Homer calls them the Achaeans) and the Trojans. He did this by meddling in their political and emotional affairs. At Achilles\u2019 parents\u2019 wedding banquet, Zeus invited the prince of Troy, a young man named Paris, to judge a beauty contest between the goddesses Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. Each of the goddesses offered Paris a bribe in exchange for his vote. Aphrodite\u2019s was the most alluring: She promised to give the young prince the most beautiful wife in the world. Unfortunately, the wife in question\u2013Helen, the daughter of Zeus\u2013was already married to someone else: Menelaus, the king of Sparta . At Aphrodite\u2019s urging, Paris went to Sparta, won Helen\u2019s heart and took her (along with all of Menelaus\u2019 money) back to Troy. [PAR] Menelaus vowed revenge. He assembled an army of Greece\u2019s greatest warriors, including Achilles and his Myrmidons, and set off to conquer Troy and get his wife back. In Homer\u2019s telling, this war lasted for 10 bloody years. [PAR] Achilles: The Illiad [PAR] When the Iliad begins, the Trojan War has been going on for nine years. Achilles, the poem\u2019s protagonist, has led one battle after another. He has met with great success\u2013in fact, he is undefeated in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sugar Loaf and Usk Valley | National Trust Sugar Loaf and Usk Valley | National Trust [PAR] Sugar Loaf and Usk Valley [PAR] Enjoy breathtaking views of the Sugar Loaf at sunrise Simon Rutherford [PAR] Iconic mountains, rich countryside and a sweeping 18th century landscaped park [PAR] Woodlands at Coed y Bwnydd [PAR] Rich in history and natural beauty, Coed-y-Bwnydd has been a special place for people for more than 2,000 years. Today, springtime heralds bluebells carpeting the ground while birdsong fills the air. Spectacular views across the Usk Valley can be enjoyed throughout the year. [PAR] St Mary's Vale [PAR] It's easy to lose yourself in these wonderful oak woodlands, full of dappled shade and vibrant colours, at the foot of the Sugar Loaf. [PAR] Come for a walk at sunset to see the Sugarloaf in a different light National Trust / Hana Callard [PAR] Sat 15 Apr 2017 [PAR] 10:00-15:00 [PAR] Bunny has been up to his old tricks again, leaving clues on the Sugar Loaf. Now it's up to you and your family to find them. [PAR] Wed 19 Apr 2017 [PAR] 10:00-15:00 [PAR] Join our rangers and get closer to nature for a wild family adventure during the Easter holidays. [PAR] Wed 31 May 2017 [PAR] 10:00-15:00 [PAR] Join our rangers and get closer to nature for a wild family adventure during the school holidays. [PAR] Historic buildings at Clytha Estate [PAR] Home of possibly the last 'Greek-style' house in Wales and one of the outstanding 18th-century follies of Wales, Clytha Estate has many interesting architectural features. With its Gothic gateway, railings and Lodge House, Grade-listed farms and walled garden, Clytha Estate is a true architectural delight. [PAR] Discover the myths and legends of Skirrid and its surroundings, near to the Sugarloaf mountain and the Usk Valley, Monmouthshire. [PAR] Places nearby [PAR] Superb early 17th-century 'black and white' farmhouse with stone-tiled roof and vernacular buildings [PAR] Join [PAR] Sugar Loaf and Usk Valley [PAR] Facilities and access [PAR] Parking is available at Llanwenarth car park shown on the map point [PAR] Abergavenny is the nearest place with amenities [PAR] There are no facilities at this site [PAR] Dogs are welcome on leads [PAR] Sheep graze in the area [PAR] The Skirrid car park per day: \u00a33 cars, \u00a36 minibus and campervans OS: SO 329164 [PAR] Accessibility [PAR] There is no wheelchair access at this countryside site [PAR] Sugar Loaf and Usk Valley [PAR] Overview [PAR] Close [PAR] Iconic mountains, rich countryside and a sweeping 18th century landscaped park [PAR] The Sugar Loaf and Usk Valley is a landscape of contrasts. It\u2019s where the dramatic Black Mountains give way to broader, rich and green open pastures. [PAR] The iconic peak of the Sugar Loaf mountain watches over the market town of Abergavenny, dominating the surrounding landscape and offering glorious views towards mid-Wales in one direction and south-west England in another. [PAR] Meanwhile the distinctive \u2018Holy Mountain\u2019 Skirrid peers in from the north-east, standing on the very edge of the mountain range - the legend of a landslide at the moment of Jesus\u2019 crucifixion coupled with the now-ruined chapel at the summit are likely origins of the mountain\u2019s local nickname. [PAR] Ancient woodlands and riverside walks provide the perfect escape from everyday life and each passing season brings something new to discover: Coed-y-Bwnydd\u2019s carpet of bluebells to the rich turning colour of the woodland's at St Mary\u2019s Vale. [PAR] The magnificent Clytha Estate brings the picturesque era into the present. It includes Grade One listed Clytha House, beautiful gardens and sweeping parkland with stately trees. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and ... History | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences [PAR] 1985 [PAR] 1985 [PAR] Gee Nicholl and Julian Blaustein met with the Academy\u2019s then-Executive Director Jim Roberts and then-Executive Administrator Bruce Davis to discuss the development of a program that would aid new screenwriters. That program ultimately became the Don and Gee Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting. [PAR] 1986 [PAR] 1986 [PAR] The first Nicholl fellowships are awarded to Allison Anders, Dennis Clontz, and Jeff Eugenides at a reception held in the Academy\u2019s Grand Lobby. In the initial year of competition, the 99 entrants were not required to submit screenplays; they could submit a screenplay, a teleplay, a TV series episode, fiction or a stageplay. The competition was limited to California college students. [PAR] 1987 [PAR] 1987 [PAR] The Academy Nicholl Fellowships expanded eligibility to include college students in nine states and to residents of Texas. [PAR] 1989 [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Eligibility was expanded again to include all United States residents who had not sold or optioned a screenplay or teleplay. [PAR] 1990 [PAR] 1990 [PAR] Rules for judging were modified to: EARLY ROUNDS \u2013 paid, professional readers narrow thousands of entries to the top five percent which are then passed onto the quarterfinal round. QUARTERFINAL ROUND \u2013 Academy members volunteer to select the semifinal scripts \u2013 less than half are passed to the next round. In 2002, as the number of entries continued to rise, paid, professional readers replaced Academy readers in the Quarterfinal round. Readers do not read the same scripts round to round. SEMIFINAL ROUND \u2013 Academy members volunteer their time to select the 10 finalist scripts, which are presented to the Nicholl Fellowship Committee. FINALISTS \u2013 In October, the Nicholl Fellowship Committee meets for a lengthy and spirited discussion to select up to five winning scripts. Often committee members champion their favorites and dismiss the scripts they did not appreciate. It\u2019s quite common for one member\u2019s frontrunner to leave another member cold. [PAR] 1991 [PAR] 1991 [PAR] At a meeting of the Nicholl Committee, former Academy president Robert Wise declared that \u201cthe best parties have chairs.\u201d The committee and Gee Nicholl agreed and the ceremony became an awards dinner. The first Nicholl Dinner was held at Chasen\u2019s restaurant in Beverly Hills. Eligibility was expanded to include international entrants writing in English who had not sold or optioned a screenplay or teleplay. Radha Bharadwaj, a 1989 fellow, becomes the first fellow to have her Nicholl entry script released as a feature film. \u201cCloset Land\u201d opened in March 1991. [PAR] 1994 [PAR] 1994 [PAR] Dennis Clontz received a Pulitzer prize for spot journalism as part of the Los Angeles Times team reporting on the Northridge earthquake. [PAR] 1999 [PAR] 1999 [PAR] At the encouragement of then-Nicholl Committee Chair Gale Anne Hurd, the Academy began inviting finalists as well as fellows to participate in Nicholl Awards week festivities. [PAR] 2000 [PAR] 2000 [PAR] Susannah Grant, a 1992 fellow, earned an Academy Award nomination for her original screenplay \u201cErin Brockovich.\u201d [PAR] 2001"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Twiggy Pictures, Photo Galleries, Bio & Rating - AskMen Twiggy Pictures, Photo Galleries, Bio & Rating - AskMen [PAR] AskMen [PAR] Messages You have no messages [PAR] Notifications You have no notifications [PAR] Twiggy [PAR] Twiggy [PAR] With her boyish haircut, wide-eyed expression, and mod clothes, Twiggy was named the \"Face of '66\" by London's Daily Express, thus launching a worldwide phenomenon that rivaled Beatlemania. She turned her back on modeling at the age of 19, and reemerged as the singing, dancing and acting star of The Boy Friend (1971). Subsequent film roles followed, but Twiggy found more success on the stage, appearing in critically acclaimed productions such as My One and Only. [PAR] Appeal [PAR] Twiggy's stick-like physique was a radical reversal from the voluptuous ideals of female perfection from previous generations. Being all of 91 pounds and measuring a meager 31-22-32 during the height of her prominence in the late '60s, a Newsweek cover story of the day described her as \"four straight limbs in search of a body\" and as having the \"frail torso of the teenage choirboy.\" [PAR] There may have been more curvaceous women selling a certain image of femininity, but Twiggy's unusual sex appeal came through in her confident, blas\u00e9 demeanor. She helped change the concept of what made a woman sexy without adapting to the norm of the times. [PAR] Foot fetishists take note: Twiggy has one of the smallest shoe sizes of any model. [PAR] Success [PAR] At the peak of her popularity in the mid to late '60s, Twiggy was one of the most recognized faces and names in the world, and undoubtedly the best known model up to that point. She was named the \"Face of '66\" in the UK after only a brief period in the modeling profession. She was Britain's biggest moneymaker of 1967, the best paid model of the '60s, and was mobbed everywhere she went when she first visited the U.S. in the late '60s. [PAR] In February 1967, Twiggy became the first model to be featured in Madame Tussaud's famous wax museum. The following year, some 200,000 Twiggy dresses were sold worldwide, and Twiggy merchandise such as coloring books and dolls were also popular products. [PAR] Twiggy switched gears when she debuted in The Boy Friend, a critical and box-office hit directed by Ken Russell. She won two Golden Globes for her performance, in the categories of Best Actress and Most Promising Newcomer. In 1984, she was nominated for a Tony for her singing and dancing in the Broadway musical, My One and Only. [PAR] During the '90s, Twiggy's name was being thrown around the modeling industry when the waif look made a comeback. Models such as Kate Moss and Amber Valletta gained notice for what was being touted as the Twiggy look for the '90s, or less flatteringly, the heroin-chic image. In perhaps the ultimate tribute to the \"Face of '66,\" Marilyn Manson's former bassist is named Twiggy Ramirez (partly) in her honor. [PAR] Twiggy Biography [PAR] Leslie Hornby was born on September 19, 1949, in Neasden, a working-class suburb of London. The youngest of three girls, each born seven years apart, Lesley became interested in fashion and learned to sew at an early age so that she could make herself clothes that would keep her on the cutting edge of fashion trends. [PAR] In 1965, 15-year-old Leslie met Nigel Davies, a man 10 years her senior. Nigel and his brother Tony worked in a hair salon, and it was apparently Tony who gave Leslie her nickname. Due to her ultra-thin frame,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cox, Bobby | Baseball Hall of Fame Cox, Bobby | Baseball Hall of Fame [PAR] Baseball Hall of Fame [PAR] Inducted to the Hall of Fame in: 2014 [PAR] Primary team: Atlanta Braves [PAR] Primary position: Manager [PAR] Although Bobby Cox\u2019s playing days were cut short by injuries, he set out on a trail that led him to a long and successful career as one of the game\u2019s most highly regarded managers. [PAR] In an amazing run, Cox, the one-time infielder, would skipper big league teams for three decades, accumulating more than 2,500 victories by the time he retired after the 2010 season. But his greatest accomplishments came during his second stint with the Atlanta Braves, when he led the franchise to 14 straight division crowns and a World Series title. [PAR] Born May 21, 1941 in Tulsa, Okla., Cox graduated from Selma High School in California\u2019s San Joaquin Valley before signing with the Los Angeles Dodgers as an amateur free agent in 1959. As a minor leaguer, splitting his time between second and third base, Cox spent five seasons in the Dodgers\u2019 farm system before being selected by the Cubs in the November 1964 minor league draft. After being traded to the Braves in April 1966, Cox was acquired by the Yankees after the 1967 season, where he made his big league debut in 1968. [PAR] After two seasons as a big league third baseman with the Yankees, bad knees would eventually force Cox to retire as a player. But a career as a manager beckoned, and Cox progressed rapidly. [PAR] The 30-year-old Cox began his managerial career in the Yankees\u2019 farm system with Fort Lauderdale of the Florida State League in 1971. After a season with West Haven in the Eastern League, he skippered Syracuse for four seasons, winning the International League\u2019s Governor\u2019s Cup in 1976 before serving as the Yankees\u2019 first base coach in their championship season of 1977. [PAR] After 10 years with the Yankees as a player, a minor league manager and a big league coach, Cox became Atlanta\u2019s eighth manager in 12 years in December 1977. Of the 36-year-old, who was two years younger than Braves pitcher Phil Niekro and became the youngest manager in the National League, Braves owner Ted Turner said Cox was picked \u201cbecause we have a young team and wanted someone who was young and had his future ahead instead of behind him.\u201d [PAR] Of his managing philosophy, Cox said, \u201cI\u2019m my own manager. I have no \u2018book\u2019 on the subject; I don\u2019t pattern myself after anybody especially. [PAR] \u201cI hope to work hard as I can and not put pressure on the players. I think I can handle ballplayers at the major league level just as I did in the minor leagues. There\u2019s not that much difference. It\u2019s still a young man\u2019s game.\u201d [PAR] Cox\u2019s first stint managing the Braves would last from 1978 to 1981, resulting in a 266-323 record. When Turner was asked at a 1981 press conference who the likely next manager of the Braves would be, he replied, \u201cIt would be Bobby Cox if I hadn\u2019t just fired him. We need someone like him around here.\u201d [PAR] After four years managing the Toronto Blue Jays, which included leading the young franchise to 99 wins and to within one game of attaining a World Series berth in 1985, Cox returned to Atlanta as general manager in October 1985. After overseeing a farm system that would lay the foundation for future success, he also became Atlanta\u2019s manager on June 22, 1990. Cox was able to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ian Stewart | Biography & History | AllMusic Ian Stewart | Biography & History | AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] Artist Biography by Steve Kurutz [PAR] Lovingly referred to as the sixth stone, pianist Ian Stewart was actually a founding member of the original group, pre-dating both Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman as members. Stewart , or Stu as he was called, was one of a core group of rhythm and blues enthusiasts that frequented Alexis Korner's blues club. Among the others were Charlie Watts , Mick Jagger , Eric Clapton , Dick Taylor and Keith Richards , figures who would all go on to have a profound effect on rock n' roll music. Adept at boogie woogie style piano, Stewart began rehearsing with fellow enthusiasts Brian Jones , Mick Jagger and Keith Richards . When bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts joined, the group named themselves the Rolling Stones and began attracting a small but loyal following in London. [PAR] After manager Andrew Loog Oldham took over the reigns of the Stones ' career he deemed Stewart unfit for the group because the straight-laced Stewart didn't \"have the right look.\" Thankfully for the rest of the band Stu agreed to stay on as their road manager and sometime piano player. Throughout the groups career Stu contributed his Chicago style piano playing to several of the Stones releases including December's Children, Aftermath and Let it Bleed among others. The gifted keyboardist also lent his hand to projects outside The Stones such as the London Howlin' Wolf sessions, Led Zeppelin 's Physical Graffiti and Pete Townshend 's Rough Mix album. [PAR] Adored by all who knew him, Stewart 's uncompromisingly purist stance towards the blues (he refused to play piano on \"Wild Horses\" because minor chords offended him aesthetically) helped keep the Stones on a stayed course during the times when they were in real danger of losing their core sound. Ian Stewart died in 1985 before he could have a chance to be inducted into the rock n' roll hall of fame beside his beloved Rolling Stones ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basic Bridge Terms - Acol Bridge Club London Basic Bridge Terms - Acol Bridge Club London [PAR] Basic Bridge Terms [PAR] Basic Bridge Terms [PAR] Auction: The part of the game where the partnerships bid to play in a contract. The dealer opens the auction. [PAR] Balanced hand: A hand which contains no voids, singletons and no more than one doubleton. Possible card distributions for a balanced hand are: 4-3-3-3 (the so-called\"flat\" hand), 4-4-3-2 and 5-3-3-2. [PAR] Bid: The nominating of a suit plus the number of tricks in excess of six that a player believes he and partner can make with the named suit as trumps. Thus a bid of 4 hearts means that the bidder expects to win 10 tricks with hearts as trumps. The bid may also be in no trumps. [PAR] Cash: To play a card that is currently the highest in the suit, thought certain to succeed, or to take all available winners in a suit one after the other. [PAR] Chicago: A variation of rubber bridge for four players where each session is just four deals. Chicago is reputed to have been devised by a group of commuters who played bridge on daily train journeys, where the time available for play was limited by the length of the trip. [PAR] Contract: The final bid of the auction. A bid becomes the contract when it is followed by three passes. [PAR] Convention: An artificial bid whose meaning is not necessarily related to the strength or denomination of the bid. The most well-known conventions are Stayman (used to find a major suit match after partner's opening bid of no trumps) and Blackwood (used, when investigating the possibility of a slam, to find out how many Aces partner possesses). [PAR] Cover: To play a card higher than the previous one. [PAR] Cross-ruff: A playing technique in trump contracts, where declarer makes tricks by ruffing in both hands alternately. [PAR] Cue-bid: an artificial, strength-showing bid of an opponent's suit (e.g. 1? by your left-hand-opponent, 2? by you). The term \"cue-bid\" is also used to describe a high-level bid that shows control in that suit. [PAR] Declarer: The player who is the first to bid the suit (or no trump) of the final contract. [PAR] Defender: The opponents of the declarer are called defenders and must try to stop the declarer from making the contract. [PAR] Discard: The play of a card (other than a trump) of a different suit from the one led. [PAR] Distribution: The way in which the 13 cards in a hand are divided among the four suits. Hands can be described as balanced or unbalanced according to the distribution. [PAR] Double: a special bid that can be made only over an opponent's bid that uses up no space in the auction. A double usually has one of two meanings, depending on the previous auction: [i] Penalty double - this type of double is made when you expect the opponents' contract to go down. [ii] Takeout double - this type of double shows strength and at least moderate length in all unbid suits. It asks partner to \"take it out\" of the auction by bidding his longest suit. [PAR] Doubleton: An original holding of two of a suit. [PAR] Duck: A card-playing technique in which a player does not immediately play a card that might take a trick, but plays a lower card instead. [PAR] Dummy: Declarer's partner. Dummy does not participate in the play. After the bidding is completed and the opening lead is made, dummy places his cards face-up on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belgium Flag Printables - Activity Village Belgium Flag Printables [PAR] Shop [PAR] Belgium Flag Printables [PAR] Print three sizes of the Belgium flag, a Belgian flag colouring page, bookmarks, notebooking pages, jigsaw and more! Find links to our flag printables below. [PAR] About the Belgian Flag [PAR] The National flag of Belgium was adopted in 1831. It consists of three vertical sections, coloured black, yellow and red. These colours were taken from the Duchy of Brabant and the design was meant to copy the flag of France.[DOC] [TLE] National Flag of Belgium - Independence day Celebration National Flag of Belgium [PAR] National Flag of Belgium [PAR] History of the National flag [PAR] The National Flag of Belgium was adopted on 23 January, 1831, following the nation's independence from the rule of the Netherlands in the year 1830. The original Belgian flag had horizontal bands, but due to its likeness to the Netherlands flag, the design was later changed to vertical bands. The current vertical design of the National flag of Belgium is founded on the flag of France and its colors had been taken from the Brabant flag. The National Flag of Belgium played significant role during the revolt. [PAR] Description of the National Flag [PAR] The National Flag of Belgium is a tri-colored flag, consisting of three identical bands colored black, yellow and red. The colors of the flag, according to ancient and Heraldic traditions have some symbolic implications. The color yellow symbolizes generosity, red signify courage, strength and valor and black is the symbol of determination. [PAR] The ratio of the National Flag of Belgium is 13:15, which is an unusual proportion and its origin is not known. [PAR] National Flag Protocol [PAR] As a primary National symbol, there are some essential rules and protocols that must be followed while using National Flag of Belgium. Here is a list of some of the flag etiquettes: [PAR] The Belgian National flag should never be flown over another national flag on the same staff, because that would imply superiority, or inferiority of one flag, or nation, over another [PAR] The National Flag Belgium should never be allowed to drag along the ground [PAR] It must be ensured that the Belgium flag is always flown the accurate way up [PAR] The National Flag of Belgium, under such condition that it no longer remains a fitting emblem of display, it should be destroyed in a dignified manner, with all due care and respect [PAR] There should be no disrespect shown to the National Flag of Belgium [PAR] The National flag should not be disfigured with any kind of insignia, letter, word, figure, design, picture, or drawing [PAR] The National Flag of Belgium must be hoisted first and lowered last [PAR] A torn or discolored flag of Belgium should be removed and substituted with a new flag [PAR] This article provides information on the National Flag of Belgium. For more on Belgium, browse through 123independenceday.com"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Profile: Felipe Calder\u00f3n \u2013 President of Mexico Profile: Felipe Calder\u00f3n \u2013 President of Mexico [PAR] Profile: Felipe Calder\u00f3n \u2013 President of Mexico [PAR] By H. Chris Lomas [PAR] Will his six-year term in office determine a new direction for Mexico? [PAR] Source: Geoff Caddick/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] In December 2006, Felipe de Jes\u00fas Calder\u00f3n Hinojosa became Mexico\u2019s 20th president since the constitution of 1917, and the 16th president of the National Action Party (PAN).Of the three major parties in Mexico, PAN is the most conservative. [PAR] Mr. Calder\u00f3n inherited many challenges upon taking office, namely the nation\u2019s growing influence of drug cartels. [PAR] Many saw his road to the presidency as filled with irregularities, accusing Mr. Calder\u00f3n of vote-rigging because of software contracts he granted to Hildebrando, a company in which he was a minority shareholder. His brother-in-law also founded the company, which was responsible for writing the vote-counting software in the controversial election. [PAR] Political Background [PAR] Expand Image [PAR] Anti-narcotics patrol: Mexican Federal Police personnel patrol the streets of Ciudad Juarez. President Felipe Calder\u00f3n has acknowledged the country\u2019s drug war is bloodier and tougher than he thought when he first took office in 2006, but vowed to eradicate the \u201ccancer\u201d that is consuming Mexico. He deployed 5,000 military troops and 1,000 police to Mexico\u2019s drug-ravaged northern border. [PAR] Source: Getty Images [PAR] The youngest of five brothers, Felipe Calder\u00f3n grew up in Morelia, Michoacan, one of Mexico\u2019s 31 states. He was a brilliant student, and, after school, he moved to Mexico City, where he obtained a bachelor\u2019s degree in law. Mr. Calder\u00f3n later received a master\u2019s degree in economics from the Instituto Technol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico. He also studied at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, in Massachusetts, where he obtained a master\u2019s degree in public administration. [PAR] After his studies, Mr. Calder\u00f3n spent most of his life working and promoting PAN, which his father co-founded. After serving as national chairman from 1996 to 1999, Mr. Calder\u00f3n was elected president of PAN in December 2005, and held several important positions. He was the director of the state-owned bank, Bonabros, as well as Secretary of Energy. In January 2006, he began campaigning to become president of Mexico. [PAR] Family Life [PAR] While working in the PAN, Mr. Calder\u00f3n met his wife, Margarita Zavala, who served in the Congress as a federal deputy. The married couple had three children and lived in the southern suburbs of Mexico City before he became president of the country. [PAR] Coming from a strong Catholic background, President Calder\u00f3n strongly opposes homosexual marriage, abortion and euthanasia. He is also against contraception education, as Catholic theology teaches it is intrinsically wrong to use contraception to prevent new human beings from coming into existence. [PAR] In his approach to the challenges facing him as president, Felipe Calder\u00f3n declared that the way forward was not a matter of being left or right, but rather making the right choices between the past and the future. He said the past represents nationalization, in which industry and private businesses were state operated and controlled, while the future means privatizing state-owned businesses, providing greater political freedom (an emphasis on human rights and freedom of speech and religion). [PAR] His aim is to remove Mexico\u2019s reputation as a gangster haven, and he has taken measures that reflect this during his tenure in office. [PAR] War Against Drug Cartels [PAR] On his first day as president, Felipe Calder\u00f3n announced his government would cap salaries for high-ranking government officials and increase the salaries of federal and military police. [PAR] He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1_2 - coastal navigation 1_2 [PAR] 1.2 [PAR] Latitude, Longitude and Nautical Miles [PAR] In an emergency a Cape Breton skipper who radios his location to the Coast Guard as \"Somewhere east of Louisburg\" could wait a long time for help. There's a lot of ocean in the North Atlantic. Navigators use a proven and exact way of describing a boat's position, wherever that may be. [PAR] Every square on a chessboard can be identified by column and row: the white queen makes her move from the first row of the fourth column. Similarly, every point on earth can be described using co-ordinates. This has been the practice used by navigators since early times. In ancient Greece a mathematician, Hipparchus, developed a grid system with rows for lines of latitude and columns for meridians of longitude to position his home at Rhodes. The system has been refined over the years but the idea and practice remain the same. [PAR] Parallels and Meridians [PAR] The grid system of latitude and longitude consists of a network of imaginary lines encircling the earth in two directions: north-south, and east-west. [PAR] The east-west lines of latitude run parallel to each other and are appropriately called parallels of latitude. The equator is a parallel of latitude. [PAR] North and south lines of longitude aren't parallel; instead they fan out from one pole and converge to the other. Lines of longitude are called meridians of longitude. [PAR] Co-ordinates of [PAR] Latitude and Longitude [PAR] The location of any point on the earth's surface can be described using its latitude and longitude co-ordinates. [PAR] In theory there are an infinite number of parallels and meridians. For convenience they are ordered into scales made up of degrees ( \u00b0 ) and fractions of degrees. [PAR] The circumference of a sphere is divided into 360\u00b0. The distance from the equator to the north pole is one-quarter of the circumference of the world. Therefore, parallels of latitude are numbered from 0\u00b0 at the equator to 90\u00b0 at each pole with an N or S to designate northern or southern hemisphere. [PAR] Halfway from the equator to the north pole is the parallel of 45\u00b0 N latitude - the approximate latitude of Cornwall, Ontario or Minneapolis, Minnesota. [PAR] Meridians of longitude are numbered from 0\u00b0 to 180\u00b0 E and from 0\u00b0 to 180\u00b0 W of the prime meridian, the meridian passing through Greenwich, England. [PAR] Degrees and Minutes [PAR] The distance between degrees of longitude is about 60 nautical miles at the equator. It is less further north or south as the longitude lines converge towards the poles. Degrees of latitude are always 60 nautical miles apart. At the equator, a grid of 1\u00b0 of longitude by 1\u00b0 of latitude covers about 3,600 square miles. [PAR] For greater precision, degrees are divided into 60 minutes ( ' ) - of distance, not time. Each minute is further divided into 60 seconds ( \" ), although it's becoming common to use tenths of a minute, or decimal minutes, instead of seconds. A tenth of a minute (or tenth of a nautical mile) is about 600 feet or 185 meters. This is the level of accuracy used in this course. [PAR] Describing Co-ordinates [PAR] In maritime navigation, it\u2019s conventional when describing co-ordinates to enter latitude first, or to place it directly above longitude. There's no need to attach the prefixes \"lat\" and \"long\" or \"L\" or \"Lo\" although you may do so. The descriptors N S, E or W indicate the co-ordinates as latitude or longitude. [PAR] For example, the Citadel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cave of hands: Cueva de los Manos Patagonia Cave of hands: Cueva de los Manos Patagonia [PAR] Michael Turtle | 25 Comments [PAR] Cueva de los Manos [PAR] \u201cThis is the bit where everyone likes to take photos,\u201d my guide tells me as she points to the hands on the cave wall. \u201cThis is the most famous part.\u201d [PAR] In some ways, it is an unnecessary comment. There is no doubt that this is going to be the highlight of my trip to the Cave of Hands in the middle of rural Patagonian Argentina. Along the stone wall of the cave are dozens of hand prints. Orange, yellow, red pigments sprayed onto the rock, while hands were placed on its cold hard surface, have left the impressions in negative of the fingers and palms. [PAR] I\u2019m the only person here, aside from my guide, and silence fills the valley that stretches for kilometres in both directions. It hasn\u2019t always been this lonely, though. Nine thousand years ago, a whole community of primitive hunters would pass through this valley and stay in the caves as they followed their prey across Patagonia. During these stops they would stand where I am now standing, place their palms on the rock, and leave a mark of their existence. [PAR] The hands of art [PAR] Seven thousand years before the first book was created, and four thousand years before the Egyptians started writing their hieroglyphs on the walls, the hunters of Patagonia were documenting their stories in the art of these caves of hands. Each print was a personal acknowledgement of their life, and each group of hands a demonstration of their community. Then, around these hands, they drew pictures of their daily activities that are a testament to their culture. [PAR] The main source of food was the guanaco, a llama-like animal in easy supply in this area. The drawings on the caves show the men hunting the creatures with primitive weapons but ingenious tactics. In one tableau, a crack in the rock is used to represent a ravine that the hunters chase the animals into, making them easier to catch. [PAR] There are lizards and spiders, pregnant animals, baby animals and even evil spirits in the drawings. The things that make their world what it is are all depicted on the rock. [PAR] \u201cWhat are those dots painted onto the roof of the cave,\u201d I ask the guide. [PAR] \u201cThey could be the stars in the sky,\u201d she says, \u201cor maybe the marks of a game where the children would throw painted balls into the air.\u201d She chuckles. \u201cWe don\u2019t really understand everything.\u201d [PAR] The history of the Cave of Hands [PAR] There\u2019s something nice about not knowing everything. The imagination is free to fill in the blanks. I can picture the tribe sitting here, hunched around a fire, eating their guanaco, turning its skin into clothes, and painting the stories of the day on the walls around them. I look at those pictures now and a scene comes to life, of men chasing the animals, shouting at each other to surround a herd, of proudly bringing their bounty back to their families. [PAR] Their stories haven\u2019t been lost. Their lives haven\u2019t been forgotten. Their paintings are more than just a diary for themselves because they have become a record of the time and a constant reminder of their existence. The ancient residents of the Cave of Hands have become what every artist, writer and even blogger dreams of being \u2013 narrators of history."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] C.S. Lewis - Biography - IMDb C.S. Lewis - Biography - IMDb [PAR] C.S. Lewis [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (22) | Personal Quotes (20) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 10\u00be\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] C.S. Lewis was born in 1898 and brought up in a very strict, religious household. While he was quite young, his mother died of cancer but the \"stiff upper lip\" in favour at the time meant he wasn't allowed to grieve. He became an Oxford don and led a sheltered life. He seriously questioned his religious beliefs and finally left the church. The death of his mother is reflected in \"The Magician's Nephew\". When an American fan Joy Gresham, came to visit him, they found they enjoyed each others company and she stayed. She was dying of cancer and he was afraid to express his emotions until she convinced him that it was OK to \"allow\" himself to love her even though it would shortly lead to heartbreak when she died. This was a great writer who dared to examine his emotions and beliefs and record them for the rest of us. Most famous for his childrens book (The Narnian Chronicles) he also wrote a very interesting Science Fiction Trilogy and some of the most intriguing Christian literature. He finally resolved his crisis of faith after tearing apart and fully examining the Christian (and other) religion and re-embraced Christianity. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Steve Crook <steve@brainstorm.co.uk> [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] The play of \"Shadowlands\", also by William Nicholson ran in London, starring Nigel Hawthorne and Jane Lapotaire . [PAR] Member of the Oxford literary circle the 'Inklings' along with writers J.R.R. Tolkien , Jeremy Dyson, Charles Williams, Messrs Coghill, and Owen Barfield. [PAR] As a child he never liked his birth names, Clive Staples. When his dog Jacksie got run down, he announced that he would always be known by the name of his dead dog. It developed from \"Jacksie\" to \"Jack\" over the years. Many of his fans refer to him as \"Jack Lewis.\". [PAR] Died on 22 November 1963, the same day as writer Aldous Huxley and President John F. Kennedy , as result of the various illnesses Lewis had. [PAR] Sci-fi master Arthur C. Clarke regards Lewis' two books \"Out of the Silent Planet\" and \"Perelandra\" as \"two of the very few works of space fiction that can be classed as literature.\" [PAR] His speech patterns, and some aspects of his personalities, were the basis for the character of Treebeard in The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) [PAR] As with what happened to J.K. Rowling with her Harry Potter series, \"The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe\", the first book of C.S. Lewis's seven-book series \"The Chronicles of Narnia\", suffered an alteration made by American publishers. The book features a wolf named Maugrim, whose name was changed to Fenris Ulf in the American publication. The sixth book of the series is entitled \"The Magician's Nephew\" and tells how the Land of Narnia was created and discovered by Professor Digory Kirke when he was a boy. [PAR] His life and work seem to have attracted the attention of both of the actors who have played Hannibal Lecter. Lewis was played by Anthony Hopkins in Shadowlands (1993), and his character Aslan was to be voiced by Brian Cox in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) before the filmmakers changed their minds and replaced Cox with Liam Neeson . [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Isambard Kingdom Brunel and the Great Eastern Steamship Isambard Kingdom Brunel and the Great Eastern Steamship [PAR] Isambard Kingdom Brunel and [PAR] the Great Eastern Steamship [PAR] This is the story of the Great Eastern steamship, the largest steamship of its time. It is the story of the risks that are able to destroy even a good plan and project. It is also the story of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, a talented engineer and the illustrious son of an illustrious father, Marc Isambard Brunel. [PAR] Since the Great Eastern steamship turned out to be an unsuccessful project it is important to note that the background of its proponent, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, gave every reason to expect it to be a success. First the story of the father, Marc Isambard Brunel. [PAR] Marc Isambard Brunel was born in Normandy, France in 1769. When he reached maturity he served in the French navy for six years. When this term of service was completed in 1792 he returned to France to find the French Revolution raging in full fury. Because of his royalist sympathies he decided to emigrate to the United States. He reached New York in 1793 and commenced a career in New York as an architect and civil engineer. He was successful as an architect, but his most outstanding accomplishment was the design of equipment for an arsenal and cannon factory. This project required his invention of new devices. [PAR] After six years in New York Marc Isambard Brunel decided to emigrate to England. He sailed in 1799 with plans for new equipment to manufacture the block and tackle equipment (multiple pulleys) used on ships to manipulate sails. It took until 1803 to get approval from the British government and begin construction at the Portsmouth dockyard. [PAR] Marc Isambard Brunel also invented new machines for the processes involved in the construction of ships and by 1812 he had been commissioned by the British government to build sawmills at Woolrich and Chatham. His mind was exceeding productive. During the period from 1812 he interested himself in a wide variety of endeavors. These included: [PAR] Steamships and their navigation on the Thames. [PAR] Machines used in textile manufacture such as stocking frames. [PAR] Devices for copying drawings. [PAR] Manufacture of nails. [PAR] Manufacture of tin foil. [PAR] Some of these pursuits resulted in patents. Yet despite his fertile intellect, or perhaps because of it, he found himself in such financial difficulties that in 1822 he was incarcerated for nonpayment of his debts. Actually his financial troubles stemmed from two major setbacks: 1. A fire which destroyed some of his facilities, 2. The government refusing to make payment for a consignment of military boots manufactured by a Brunel enterprise. A war Britain had been engaged in, ended sooner than people expected and the government knew it would not need the boots. Brunel's friends secured a government grant of five thousand pounds for Brunel to use to pay his debts and gain his freedom. Before he went to prison he started designing bridges and when he was released he gained the commission to construct some of those bridges. He conceived a plan to excavate a tunnel under the Thames and in 1824 a company was formed to carry out this project. It took until 1843 to complete that tunnel. Marc Isambard Brunel died in 1849. [PAR] His son, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, was born in 1806. His middle name Kingdom was his mother's maiden name. When he reached the age of 14 he was sent to France to study engineering. There probably were several factors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christian Symbols: Flowers, Plants & Trees - Planet Gast Christian Symbols: Flowers, Plants & Trees [PAR] Symbolizes the soul's immortality because it is a durable wood. [PAR] Almond [PAR] A symbol of divine approval, based on Numbers 17:1-8: [PAR] \"The LORD said to Moses, 'Speak to the Israelites and get twelve staffs from them, one from the leader of each of their ancestral tribes. Write the name of each man on his staff. ... The staff belonging to the man I choose will sprout, and I will rid myself of this constant grumbling against you by the Israelites.' ... The next day Moses entered the Tent of the Testimony and saw that Aaron's staff, which represented the house of Levi, had not only sprouted but had budded, blossomed and produced almonds.\" (NIV) [PAR] For this reason is has been used as a symbol of the Virgin Mary. [PAR] Anemone [PAR] Used in the early church as a symbol of the Trinity. Used in art as a symbol of sorrow and death. Often seen in scenes of the Crucifixion. [PAR] Apple [PAR] When shown in Adam's hand, the apple symbolizes sin. When held by Christ, it represents salvation. [PAR] Aspen [PAR] Legend has it that the aspen was the only tree that did not bow in sorrow and respect when Jesus died on the cross. Because of its pride, its leaves were doomed to constant trembling. Another legend claims the aspen was the wood chosen for the cross, and when the tree learned how it was to be used, it began to tremble with horror and has never stopped. [PAR] Bramble [PAR] The burning bush at which the Lord appeared to Moses was believed to have been a bramble. It became a symbol of the purity of the Virgin Mary, who \"bore the flames of divine love without being consumed by lust. [PAR] Bulrush [PAR] The bulrush has been used as a symbol of faithfulness and humility in obedience to Christ because the bulrush is a common plant that grows in clusters near water. Because of its association with the infant Moses, it may also point to the place of salvation (Exodus 2). [PAR] Carnation [PAR] A red carnation symbolizes love. A \"pink\" is a symbol of marriage. [PAR] Cedar (of Lebanon) [PAR] The cedar is a symbol of Christ. It is also identified with the concepts of beauty and majesty. [PAR] Song 5:15 His legs are pillars of marble set on bases of pure gold. His appearance is like Lebanon, choice as its cedars. (NIV) [PAR] Cherry [PAR] A cherry symbolizes the sweetness of character derived from good works. [PAR] Chestnut [PAR] A symbol for chastity because the chestnut is surrounded by thorns but is not harmed by them. [PAR] Clover [PAR] The clover, or shamrock, is a symbol of for the Trinity. [PAR] Cockle [PAR] The cockle symbolizes the invasion of wickedness, especially in the Church, because it invades tilled fields and mingles with the grain. [PAR] Matt. 13:24 Jesus told them another parable: \"The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field. 25 But while everyone was sleeping, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and went away. 26 When the wheat sprouted and formed heads, then the weeds also appeared. (NIV) [PAR] Columbine [PAR] Thought by some to look like a dove, the columbine is a symbol of the Holy Spirit. The name comes from the Latin columba, which means \"dove.\" Seven blooms on a stalk represent the seven gifts of the Spirit. [PAR] Isa. 11:2 The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Online Encyclopedia of Tunings / Violin family tunings The Online Encyclopedia of Tunings / Violin family tunings [PAR] As used in most symphony orchestras: [PAR] Violin: g - d' - a' - e' ' [PAR] Viola: c - g - d' - a' [PAR] Cello: C - G - d - a [PAR] Double bass: E' - A' - D - G [PAR] [PAR] All also have notable scordatura tunings. [PAR] [PAR] Fractional scale lengths [PAR] Fractional scale length instruments, sizes such as 3/4 or 1/2, are reduced- scale instruments. Fractional sizes of violin family instruments (except the viola) are used by younger students and have some other uses as well. [PAR] [PAR] Some of the traditional names for these go back at least to Stradivarius, who may have invented some of them and at least standardised those he used (like many other things). The fractions used to identify them have no mathematical significance, apart from roughly indicating the order of the sizes, so for example a 3/4 scale violin is a lot bigger than three quarters of the size of a 4/4, and a 1/4 is significantly larger then half the size of a 4/4. And there is little standardisation between makers, except for those violin and cello sizes established by Stradivarius. See fractional scale length . [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] a - d' - a' - e' ' (Old-Timey D Tuning) [PAR] a - e' - a' - e' ' (Cross Tuning, A tuning, Open A, High Bass, High Counter or High Tenor, for Breaking Up Christmas, Cluck Old Hen, Hangman's Reel, Horse and Buggy, and Ways of the World) [PAR] a - e' - a' - c# ' ' (A tuning, Black Mountain, Rag Tuning, Calico Tuning, Open A Tuning, or Drunken Hiccups Tuning) [PAR] a - e' - a' - d' ' (for Old Sledge, Silver Lake) [PAR] d - d' - a' - d' ' (\"Dee-Dad\", Dead Man's Tuning, D Tuning or Open D Tuning, for Bonaparte's Retreat) [PAR] e - d' - a' - e' ' (for Glory in the Meeting House) [PAR] e - e' - a' - e' ' (for Get up in the Cool) [PAR] f ' - c' - g' - d' ' (Cajun Tuning) [PAR] g - d' - a' - d' ' {\"Gee-Dad\" or G Tuning) [PAR] g - d' - a' - e' ' (Italian tuning or That 'Ole Eye-talian tuning - the standard violin tuning!) [PAR] g - d' - g' - b' (Open G Tuning) [PAR] g - d' - g' - d' ' (Sawmill Tuning) [PAR] [PAR] Fiddle tunings are often also known by their four note names, so the standard is known as GDAE tuning, and so on. [PAR] [PAR] The five-string double bass has an extra treble or bass string. [PAR] [PAR] E' - A' - D - G - B [PAR] [PAR] Extended bass: [PAR] B' ' - E' - A' - D - G [PAR] The ability to play notes down to B' ' is increasingly expected of professional orchestral players. This can be accomplished by either a fifth bass string or by a fingerboard extension on the E string. [PAR] [PAR] Extended-range four-string bass [PAR] [PAR] An alternative to the fifth bass string is a fingerboard extension supporting extra bass notes on the E string, generally with mechanical means for producing the extra notes. This does not affect the string gauge or tension, see fingerboard extensions . This extension, as an alternative to a fifth bass string, is common in Great Britain, the United States, and Canada."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IEA - Oil Oil [PAR] Oil [PAR] Oil [PAR] How much oil is there in a barrel? [PAR] A barrel of oil is equal to 159 litres, 42 US gallons or 35 imperial gallons. [PAR] How many barrels of oil are produced and consumed a day? [PAR] For 2016, the IEA Oil Market Report forecasts worldwide average demand of nearly 96 million barrels of oil and liquid fuels per day \u2013 that works out to more than 35 billion barrels a year. Production breached 97 million barrels per day (mb/d) in late 2015, and Medium-Term Oil Market Report 2016 foresees demand crossing the 100 mb/d threshold towards the end of its five-year outlook period. [PAR] What is crude oil? [PAR] Crude oil is a mineral oil consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons of natural origin and associated impurities, such as sulphur. It exists in liquid form under normal surface temperatures and pressure. Its physical characteristics (for example, density) are highly variable. [PAR] Where is the bulk of oil demand growth going to come from? [PAR] In the next five years, non-OECD Asia will remain the major source of oil demand growth, with volumes increasing from 23.7 mb/d in 2015 to 28.9 mb/d in 2021, though the rate of growth is affected by reductions in subsidies and efforts to tackle pollution. China will be central to demand growth, partly because of the underlying rise of oil demand but also due to its build-up of strategic reserves which will reach at least 500 mb by 2020. This trend for China is set to continue to 2040, as oil demand from the transportation sector is growing strongly there as well as in other non-OECD countries such as India. In contrast, oil demand among OECD countries is expected to decline over the outlook period, driven mostly by government policies on fuel efficiency and the fact that rates of vehicle ownership are already high. [PAR] What is the difference between conventional and unconventional oil? [PAR] Conventional oil is a category of oil that includes crude oil and natural gas liquids and condensate liquids, which are extracted from natural gas production. Unconventional oil consists of a wider variety of liquid sources including oil sands, extra heavy oil, gas to liquids and other liquids. In general conventional oil is easier and cheaper to produce than unconventional oil. However, the categories \u201cconventional\u201d and \u201cunconventional\u201d do not remain fixed, and over time, as economic and technological conditions evolve, resources hitherto considered unconventional can migrate into the conventional category. [PAR] What is peak oil? [PAR] Peak oil can mean different things to different people. Some see it as the potential result of economies maturing and deploying more energy-efficient and diverse fuel technologies, meaning that year-on-year growth in world oil demand may level off. Others see it as the maximum possible annual rate of extraction of conventional crude oil, due either to physical resource constraints or above-ground political, economic or logistical factors. While others insist that since the definition of what constitutes conventional oil is constantly changing, total producible liquid fuels is what should be looked at. [PAR] Where does the IEA stand in the peak oil argument? [PAR] Our analysis suggests there are ample physical oil and liquid fuel resources for the foreseeable future. However, the rate at which new supplies can be developed and the break-even prices for those new supplies are changing. Global oil production levels are also dependent on the production policy of OPEC, which holds between one and six million barrels per day of spare capacity in reserve. Declining oil production in any given"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rocinante | fictional character | Britannica.com Rocinante | fictional character | Britannica.com [PAR] Rocinante [PAR] fictional character [PAR] THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Rocinante, fictional character, the spavined half-starved horse that Don Quixote designates his noble steed in the classic novel Don Quixote (1605, 1615) by Miguel de Cervantes . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] horse [PAR] a hoofed, herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae. It comprises a single species, Equus caballus, whose numerous varieties are called breeds. Before the advent of mechanized vehicles, the horse was widely used as a draft animal, and riding on horseback was one of the chief means of transportation.... [PAR] Don Quixote (novel by Cervantes) [PAR] novel published in two parts (Part I, 1605; Part II, 1615) by Miguel de Cervantes, one of the most widely read classics of Western literature. Originally conceived as a comic satire against the chivalric romances then in literary vogue, it describes realistically what befalls an elderly knight who,... [PAR] Miguel de Cervantes [PAR] September 29?, 1547 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain April 22, 1616 Madrid Spanish novelist, playwright, and poet, the creator of Don Quixote (1605, 1615) and the most important and celebrated figure in Spanish literature. His novel Don Quixote has been translated, in full or in part, into more than... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: February 05, 2016 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rocinante [PAR] Access Date: December 28, 2016 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enteritis (Small Intestine Inflammation) Acute and Chronic ... Enteritis (Small Intestine Inflammation) Acute and Chronic | Healthhype.com [PAR] Home \u00bb Current Health Articles \u00bb Enteritis (Small Intestine Inflammation) Acute and Chronic [PAR] Enteritis (Small Intestine Inflammation) Acute and Chronic [PAR] Tweet [PAR] The small intestine, also referred to as the small bowel, extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is the longest portion of the human alimentary tract and measures approximately 6 meters (20 feet). The small intestine is an important site of both digestion and absorption of nutrients. It has three parts \u2013 the duodenum leading from the stomach, jejunum and ileum which continues to the large intestine. As with any part of the alimentary tract, the small intestine may become inflamed through a number of mechanisms. When the small intestine alone is inflamed, it is then referred to as enteritis or it can be more specific like ileitis which is inflammation of the ileum of the small intestine. [PAR] What is enteritis? [PAR] Enteritis is the term for inflammation of the small intestine. It is not specific for which part of the small intestine that may be affected, either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum, or the entire small intestine. The term enteritis is not heard of frequently on its own. Instead it is associated with inflammation of the neighboring parts of the alimentary tract \u2013 gastroenteritis for inflammation of the stomach and small intestine or enterocolitis for inflammation of the small intestine and colon. However, this should not detract from the fact that inflammation of the small intestine can exist on its own and enteritis is as serious a pathology as gastritis (stomach inflammation only) and colitis (colon inflammation only). [PAR] The Small Intestine [PAR] The small intestine is longer but narrower than the stomach or colon. It communicates with several important structures of the digestive system, apart from the stomach and colon. The pancreas and gallbladder both empty its contents into the small intestine, specifically into the duodenum. While digestion and absorption begins in the mouth and intensifies in the stomach, majority of these processes occur in the small intestine. [PAR] Apart from the digestive enzymes that \u2018rollover\u2019 from the stomach, the pancreatic digestive enzymes and bile from the gallbladder, the small intestine also has its own enzymes that contribute to digestion. This originates from enterocytes in the mucosal epithelium lining the small intestine and includes lactase, sucrase, maltase and iso-maltase for carbohydrate digestion, peptidases for protein digestion and lipase for fat digestion. On a daily basis, the small intestine secretes some 2 liters of digestive enzymes, mucus and water. [PAR] However, its function of greatest importance is the absorption of most nutrients. The is facilitated by the massive surface area due to the mucosal protrusions known as microvilli and specialized structures within it for fat absorption (lacteals). When the small intestine is inflamed, it is the absorptive function that is severely impaired and largely responsible for the clinical presentation. [PAR] Swelling of the small intestine wall as a result of inflammation reduces the surface area and disrupts passive and active absorption of nutrients from the lumen. Water and electrolyte exchange between the tissue spaces and intestinal lumen is unregulated and large quantities of water and electrolytes are dumped into small intestine. In addition the epithelial cells may be destroyed and ulcers may form within the small intestine. Apart from the pathological changes to the intestinal wall, the microenvironment within the small intestine is also disturbed thereby allowing for the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. [PAR] Acute and Chronic Causes [PAR] Most cases of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rowan Williams becomes 104th Archbishop of Canterbury The 27th of February 2003 AD, Rowan Williams becomes 104th Archbishop of Canterbury [PAR] Rowan Williams becomes 104th Archbishop of Canterbury [PAR] Canterbury , Kent The 27th of February 2003 AD [PAR] Rowan Williams, previously Bishop of Monmouth and Archbishop of Wales, was announced as George Carey\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds successor as Archbishop of Canterbury and thus spiritual head of the Church of England, on December 2 2002, and enthroned on February 27 2003. In so doing he became the 104th holder of that office, and the first Welshman (he was born in Swansea , his first language Welsh). [PAR] Although his appointment followed the usual arcane process of the established church Dr Williams had been a very strongly tipped candidate for the post, though as his background was primarily academic rather than pastoral it was not without criticism. And although an Anglo-Catholic Dr Williams had shown himself relatively liberal as regards the question of homosexuality and the church, though contrastingly of the pro-life tendency. [PAR] An undoubtedly highly intelligent man, speaking several languages, Rowan Williams has sometimes, however, shown himself less than adept as a communicator, the press at times finding his style hard to follow: he seemed genuinely surprised when outrage followed his suggestion that sharia law could in certain circumstances run in parallel with existing laws in this country, though what had seemingly been intended was only that it could be used in such matters as dispute resolution, as Jewish law already is in this country."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genesis 34:1 Now Dinah, the daughter Leah had borne to ... Genesis 34:1 Now Dinah, the daughter Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land. [PAR] Matthew Henry Commentary [PAR] 34:1-19 Young persons, especially females, are never so safe and well off as under the care of pious parents. Their own ignorance, and the flattery and artifices of designing, wicked people, who are ever laying snares for them, expose them to great danger. They are their own enemies if they desire to go abroad, especially alone, among strangers to true religion. Those parents are very wrong who do not hinder their children from needlessly exposing themselves to danger. Indulged children, like Dinah, often become a grief and shame to their families. Her pretence was, to see the daughters of the land, to see how they dressed, and how they danced, and what was fashionable among them; she went to see, yet that was not all, she went to be seen too. She went to get acquaintance with the Canaanites, and to learn their ways. See what came of Dinah's gadding. The beginning of sin is as the letting forth of water. How great a matter does a little fire kindle! We should carefully avoid all occasions of sin and approaches to it."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] felsic and mafic rocks | igneous rock | Britannica.com felsic and mafic rocks | igneous rock | Britannica.com [PAR] Felsic and mafic rocks [PAR] Alternative Titles: acid rock, felsite, silicic rock [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] aplite [PAR] Felsic and mafic rocks, division of igneous rocks on the basis of their silica content. Chemical analyses of the most abundant components in rocks usually are presented as oxides of the elements; igneous rocks typically consist of approximately 12 major oxides totaling over 99 percent of the rock . Of the oxides, silica (SiO2) is usually the most abundant. Because of this abundance and because most igneous minerals are silicates, silica content was used as a basis of early classifications; it remains widely accepted today. Within this scheme, rocks are described as felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic (in order of decreasing silica content). [PAR] In a widely accepted silica-content classification scheme, rocks with more than 65 percent silica are called felsic; those with between 55 and 65 percent silica are intermediate ; those with between 45 and 55 percent silica are mafic; and those with less than 45 percent are ultramafic . Compilations of many rock analyses show that rhyolite and granite are felsic, with an average silica content of about 72 percent; syenite , diorite , and monzonite are intermediate, with an average silica content of 59 percent; gabbro and basalt are mafic, with an average silica content of 48 percent; and peridotite is an ultramafic rock, with an average of 41 percent silica. Although there are complete gradations between the averages, rocks tend to cluster about the averages. In general, the gradation from felsic to mafic corresponds to an increase in colour index (dark-mineral percentage). [PAR] The fine-grained or glassy nature of many volcanic rocks makes a chemical classification such as the felsic-mafic taxonomy very useful in distinguishing the different types. Silica content is especially useful because the density and refractive index of natural glasses have been correlated with silica percentage; this makes identification possible in the absence of chemical data. For similar determinations, glasses can also be prepared in the laboratory from crystalline rocks. [PAR] Similar Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oriflamme | Define Oriflamme at Dictionary.com Oriflamme | Define Oriflamme at Dictionary.com [PAR] oriflamme [PAR] [awr-uh-flam, or-] /\u02c8\u0254r \u0259\u02ccfl\u00e6m, \u02c8\u0252r-/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] the red banner of St. Denis, near Paris, carried before the early kings of France as a military ensign. [PAR] 2. [PAR] any ensign, banner, or standard, especially one that serves as a rallying point or symbol. [PAR] Origin of oriflamme [PAR] Middle French [PAR] 1425-1475 [PAR] 1425-75; late Middle English oriflam < Middle French oriflamme, Old French, equivalent to orie golden (< Latin aurea, feminine of aureus, derivative of aurum gold) + flamme flame [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for oriflamme [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] The banner of the oriflamme is said to have been unfurled by the French for the last time at Agincourt. [PAR] Sir Nigel Arthur Conan Doyle [PAR] The owner of this oriflamme looked like a young Scandinavian god. [PAR] Talks about Flowers. M. D. Wellcome [PAR] The oriflamme, or enseigne derived its name from being made of scarlet silk, and covered with flames of gold. [PAR] Sir Nigel Arthur Conan Doyle [PAR] The oriflamme was a red banner attached to a staff, and cut in the manner shown in our engraving. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for oriflamme [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a scarlet flag, originally of the abbey of St Denis in N France, adopted as the national banner of France in the Middle Ages [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C15: via Old French, from Latin aurum gold + flamma flame [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for oriflamme [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] sacred banner of St. Denis, late 15c., from Old French orie flambe, from Latin aurea flamma \"golden flame.\" The ancient battle standard of the kings of France, it was of red or orange-red silk, with two or three points, and was given to the kings by the abbot of St. Denis on setting out to war. Cotgrave says it was \"borne at first onely in warres made against Infidells; but afterwards vsed in all other warres; and at length vtterly lost in a battell against the Flemings.\" It is last mentioned in an abbey inventory of 1534. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abolition of capital punishment in the UK Abolition of capital punishment in the UK [PAR] until the passing of the [PAR] Northern Ireland [PAR] (Emergency Powers) Act 1973. Nobody was executed there after 1961, however. [PAR] Capital punishment has now been totally abolished for all civil crimes, having remained on the statute book for high treason and piracy. (There had been no executions for either of these crimes since 1946, when two men were hanged for treason.) [PAR] In October 1998, the government introduced an amendment to the Human Rights Bill that abolished the death penalty as a possible punishment for military offences under the Armed Forces Acts. There were five military wartime capital offences: serious misconduct in action, communicating with the enemy, aiding the enemy or furnishing supplies, obstructing operations or giving false air signals, mutiny to incitement to mutiny or failure to suppress a mutiny. The last execution under military law was in 1942. [PAR] On the 10th of December 1999, International Human Rights Day, the government ratified Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights thus totally abolishing capital punishment in [PAR] Britain [PAR] . [PAR] Historical background. [PAR] Capital punishment had first been abolished in the 11th century by William the Conqueror but was reinstated by his son William Rufus. Efforts to have the death penalty abolished had been going on since the late 1700's. In 1770, Sir William Meredith suggested that Parliament consider \"more proportionate punishments.\" His proposal was rejected but it opened up the debate. With over a thousand people a year being sentenced to death (although only a small proportion actually executed), it was clearly a debate that was needed. Sir Samuel Romilly, 1757-1818, attempted to get parliament to de-capitalise minor crimes. On [PAR] the 17th of January 1813 [PAR] , he introduced a Bill in the House of Commons \"to repeal so much of the Act of King William as punishes with death the offence of stealing privately in a shop, warehouse or stable, goods of the value of 5s\" (25p). This is what we call shoplifting now. This Bill was thrown out by the House of Lords. [PAR] After Romilly's death in 1818, Sir James Mackintosh, who supported Romilly's proposals for reducing the severity of the criminal law, took up the abolitionist's cause. On [PAR] the 2nd of March 1819 [PAR] , he carried a motion against the government for a committee to consider capital punishment, by a majority of 19. In 1820, he introduced 6 bills embodying the recommendations of the committee, only three of which became law. Lord Eldon - the Lord Chancellor secured an amendment to keep the death penalty for stealing to the value of more than \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd10. On [PAR] the 21st of May 1823 [PAR] , Mackintosh put forward a further 9 proposals to parliament for abolishing the punishment of death for less serious offences. He wanted to make forgery a non capital crime but this was opposed by Sir Robert Peel. However, it was declassified as a capital crime in 1832. This was important because a conviction for forgery generally did result in the execution of the culprit. [PAR] Over the first 68 years of the 19th century, other individuals and pressure groups were to lend their voices to the argument in favour of abolition with some success. Several, including author Charles Dickens and the Quaker movement campaigned for ending of public executions, which occurred in 1868. The public enjoyed these far more than was thought good for them. The Establishment has never been happy about the ordinary people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Declaration of Independence - The American History ... The Declaration of Independence | The American History Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Declaration of Independence [PAR] Share [PAR] The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson , the Declaration is a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War . The birthday of the United States of America/Independence Day is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved by Congress. [PAR] The Declaration justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III , and by asserting certain natural rights, including a right of revolution. Having served its original purpose in announcing independence, the text of the Declaration was initially ignored after the American Revolution. Its stature grew over the years, particularly the second sentence, a sweeping statement of individual human rights: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. This sentence has been called \"one of the best-known sentences in the English language\" and \"the most potent and consequential words in American history\". [PAR] After finalizing the text on July 4, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as a printed broadside that was widely distributed and read to the public. The most famous version of the Declaration, a signed copy that is usually regarded as the Declaration of Independence, is on display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Although the wording of the Declaration was approved on July 4, the date of its signing has been disputed. Most historians have concluded that it was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. [PAR] The famous wording of the Declaration has often been invoked to protect the rights of individuals and marginalized groups, and has come to represent for many people a moral standard for which the United States should strive. This view greatly influenced Abraham Lincoln, who considered the Declaration to be the foundation of his political philosophy, and who promoted the idea that the Declaration is a statement of principles through which the United States Constitution should be interpreted."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA.com - FIFA World Cup\u2122 FIFA.com - FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] You're logging in with Facebook [PAR] You're logging in with Twitter [PAR] You're logging in with Google+ [PAR] Connect [PAR] Login Error [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] This Facebook account is already present [PAR] Your Club account has been locked due to a breach of our Terms of Service. Please set up a new account in line with the Club rules. Review the Club Rules . Alternatively, you can email us by completing our contact form . [PAR] Please enter a valid email address [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] Log-in unsuccessful [PAR] FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] \u00a9 Foto-net [PAR] The FIFA World Cup\u2122 is the biggest single-event sporting competition in the world and is contested by the senior men's national teams from the 208 Member Associations of FIFA. [PAR] The competition has been played every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. [PAR] It fulfils FIFA\u2019s objectives to touch the world, develop the game, and build a better future through a variety of ways. [PAR] Tournament format [PAR] The current format of the tournament involves 32 teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of one month \u2013 this phase is often called the Final Competition. A qualification phase, the Preliminary Competition which currently takes place over the preceding three years, is used to determine which teams qualify for the tournament together with the host nation(s). [PAR] The preliminary competition for the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil\u2122 sees a total of 204 entries across six continents competing for 31 available spots. For the last FIFA World Cup, 200 teams played a total of 853 matches as 31 teams qualified for South Africa. [PAR] Both the preliminary and final competitions act as a massive promotion for the game of football and for the host nation(s) and are therefore wonderful opportunities to help promote values of respect, fair play and discipline to the watching world. [PAR] Understandably, the organisation of such an event is a huge task for FIFA and the Local Organising Committee and is therefore one of the main activities of FIFA over a four-year period. [PAR] Facts and figures [PAR] The 19 FIFA World Cup tournaments have been won by eight different national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other winners are Italy, with four titles; Germany, with three wins; Argentina and inaugural winners Uruguay, with two; and England, France, and Spain, with one title each. [PAR] The FIFA World Cup is the world's most widely viewed sporting event; an estimated 715.1 million people watched the final match of the 2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany and the 2010 event in South Africa was broadcast to 204 countries on 245 different channels. Inside the stadiums, a total of 3,170,856 spectators attended the 64 matches an average of 49,670 per match and the third highest aggregate attendance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] pregnancy dictionary, pregnancy glossary, pregnancy terms pregnancy dictionary, pregnancy glossary, pregnancy terms [PAR] PREGNANCY DICTIONARY [PAR] Just another WordPress site [PAR] PREGNANCY DICTIONARY [PAR] Put aside the overwhelming feeling of pregnancy, now is the moment to revert back to full-time student mode. This in itself will take many hours of digging through pregnancy books, attending NCT classes, speaking to your midwife and doc, also watching and speaking to other been-there-done-that mums. Doing your due diligence and learning as much as you can about your pregnancy, birth and postnatal care is imperative for a healthy mum and baby. Here are some helpful pregnancy terms that you will have to become familiar with. [PAR] HELPFUL PREGNANCY TERMS TO KNOW [PAR] ACTIVE LABOUR: thinning and opening of the cervix, usually between 4\u201310 centimetres, with contractions typically 2\u20135 minutes apart. [PAR] AFTERBIRTH: placental expulsion occurs when the placenta comes out of the birth canal after childbirth. The period from just after the baby is expelled until just after the placenta is expelled is called the third stage of labor. [PAR] AMNIOCENTESIS: an invasive surgical procedure for obtaining a sample of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac in the uterus of a pregnant woman by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall, used in diagnosing certain genetic defects or possible obstetric complications. [PAR] AMNIOTIC FLUID: the watery fluid in the amnion, in which the embryo is suspended. [PAR] AMNIOTIC SAC: the sac in which the embryo is suspended. Also called \u201cwater bag.\u201d [PAR] ANAEMIA: deficiency of the hemoglobin, often accompanied by a reduced number of red blood cells and causing pallor, weakness, and breathlessness. [PAR] ANENCEPHALY: congenital absence of part or all of the brain. [PAR] ANOMALY: foetal malformation or abnormal development. [PAR] ANTERIOR PRESENTATION: the most common position for babies during birth, with the face turned toward the mother\u2019s spine. [PAR] ANTENATAL DEPRESSION: depression felt anytime throughout pregnancy. Symptoms include: constant tears and feelings of sadness. sleepless nights and difficulty concentrating. A general feeling of anxiety, irritability with yourself, your partner/family and the world in general. [PAR] APGAR SCORE: a numerical measure of the physical health of a newborn infant derived by evaluating heart rate, muscle tone, respiratory effort,response to stimulation, skin colour, and other physiological indicators. [PAR] BACK LABOUR: the intense lower back pain that many women feel during contractions when they\u2019re giving birth. Some women even feel it between contractions. [PAR] BIRTHING CENTRE: facility in which a woman labours, delivers and recovers in the same room. It may be part of a hospital, or it may be a freestanding unit. See the beautiful one at Chelsea & Westminster here . [PAR] BLOODY SHOW: bloody show is the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus through the vagina near the end of pregnancy. It can occur just before labor or in early labor as the cervix changes shape, freeing mucus and blood that occupied the cervical glands or cervical os. [PAR] BRAXTON HICKS: contractions, also known as prodromal labor or practice contractions, or incorrectly as false labor, are sporadic uterine contractions that sometimes start around six weeks into a pregnancy. However, they are not usually felt until the second trimester or third trimester of pregnancy. [PAR] BREECH BABY: birth of a baby with the buttocks, rather than the head, emerging first. Breech birth is more likely to cause injury to the mother or the infant than head-first birth. In many cases a baby in the breech position can be turned before delivery by using repeated, gentle massage. [PAR] CESAREAN SECTION \u2013 delivery of a baby through an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Opuntia On-line Guide to the positive identification of ... On-line Guide to the positive identification of Members of the Cactus Family [PAR] CactiGuide.com Custom Nomenclature - System Default About This | Login [PAR] Notes for the Genus: [PAR] Opuntia [PAR] Etymology -Beleived to refer to a Greek region - Locris Opuntia with the town of Opus in Greece where other spiny plants grew. [PAR] Opuntia is the most widespread of all genera in the cactus family. The genus occurs naturally throughout North and South America from as far north as Canada, through the Caribbean, and down into Argentina. With man's help, however, this species can now be found world-wide where it has escaped cultivation and become naturalized even to the point of being classified as a noxious weed. [PAR] Opuntia are easily recognized by their flat paddle-shaped stem segments called cladodes that grow one on top of the other. The edge and flat surfaces of these cladodes are covered with areoles that always have tiny, easily detached spines called glochids. Many Opuntia species have large, formidable spines in addition to the glochids, but some are armed only with masses of glochids. These have the appearance of being soft or fuzzy, but anyone who does touch them immediatly regrets doing so. The small size of the glochids does not cause much pain, but is rather highly irritating. As such, these have been collected for use in the making of itching powder. [PAR] Opuntia flowers are typically yellow, sometimes pink, and rarely white or anywhere inbetween these colors. Flowers are cup-shaped and do not have floral tubes, but instead the pericarples resemble round, extensions of the cladodes. It is impossible to determine if new growth is going to be a flower or a new cladode as they are identical when first appearing -often covered with cone-shaped deciduous leaves. If a rounded pericarpel, this later becomes the fruit and may turn a bright red color or stay green. Some Opuntias have very juicy, fleshy fruit called \"tunas\" that are harvested and turned into candies or jellies. Similarily, cladodes when still young and tender are harvested and eaten as a vegitable - particularly in Mexico under the name Nopales. [PAR] For ornamental purposes, Opuntias are rarely grown except as a novelty or even to create a barrier on property lines. Many people despise the Opuntia, even those who otherwise love growing cacti. In recent times, however, there seems to be a renewed interest in the genus - particularly the species native to the Southwest U.S. and it is gaining in popularity. However, species from central Mexico south are still very poorly known. [PAR] It also seems that many Opuntia species hybridize easily in the wild and one population tends to blend into another. This further confounds taxonomists and therefore this genus will long frustrate those trying to separate it into a tidy division of various species. [PAR] Click on one of the species below for more info.[DOC] [TLE] Types Of Cactus House Plants: Growing And Descriptions Types Of Cactus House Plants: Growing And Descriptions [PAR] Read More [PAR] Peruvian Apple - Cereus Peruvianus [PAR] The Cereus peruvianus is also known as the columnar cactus because the stem's grow upright, similar to a column. The image to the left shows them growing with a single stem; however, they can grow many. There is some confusion in reference to the scientific and common names for this cacti. [PAR] Read More [PAR] Bunny Ears - Opuntia Microdasys [PAR] We can see the obvious reason an Opuntia microdasys gets it's common name of bunny ears (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Waterloo - British History - HISTORY.com Battle of Waterloo - British History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Waterloo [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Battle of Waterloo, which took place in Belgium on June 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of French military leader and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), who conquered much of continental Europe in the early 19th century. Napoleon rose through the ranks of the French army during the French Revolution (1789-1799), seized control of the French government in 1799 and became emperor in 1804. Through a series of wars, he expanded his empire across western and central Europe. However, a disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812, coupled with other defeats, led to his abdication and exile in 1814. He returned to France in 1815 and briefly resumed power. The Battle of Waterloo, in which Napoleon\u2019s forces were defeated by the British and Prussians, signaled the end of his reign and the end of France\u2019s domination in Europe. After Waterloo, Napoleon abdicated and later died in exile. [PAR] Google [PAR] Napoleon\u2019s Rise to Power [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. The year before his birth, France acquired Corsica from the city-state of Genoa, Italy. Although Napoleon\u2019s parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, his family was not wealthy. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Today, the expression that someone has \u201cmet his Waterloo\u201d means the person has suffered a decisive or final defeat or setback. [PAR] After graduating from a French military academy in 1785, Napoleon joined an artillery regiment of the French army. The French Revolution began in 1789, and within three years revolutionaries had overthrown the monarchy and proclaimed a French republic. During the decade-long revolution, Napoleon rose rapidly through the ranks of the military and proved himself a talented and daring leader. [PAR] After seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, he was given the title of first consul and became France\u2019s leading political figure. In 1804, he crowned himself the emperor of France in a lavish ceremony. Under Napoleon, France engaged in a successful series of battles against various coalitions of European nations, and the French empire expanded across much of western and central continental Europe. [PAR] Napoleon\u2019s Abdication and Return [PAR] In 1812, Napoleon led a disastrous invasion of Russia in which his army was forced to retreat and suffered massive casualties. At the same time, the Spanish and Portuguese, with assistance from the British, drove Napoleon\u2019s forces from the Iberian Peninsula in the Peninsular War (1808-1814). In the 1813 Battle of Leipzig , also known as the Battle of Nations, Napoleon\u2019s army was defeated by a coalition that included Austrian, Prussian, Russian and Swedish troops. Afterward, Napoleon retreated to France, where in March 1814 coalition forces captured Paris. [PAR] On April 6, 1814, Napoleon, then in his mid-40s, was forced to abdicate the throne. With the Treaty of Fontainebleau, he was exiled to Elba, a Mediterranean island off the coast of Italy. Less than a year later, on February 26, 1815, Napoleon escaped Elba and sailed to the French mainland with a group of more than 1,000 supporters. On March 20, he returned to Paris, where he was welcomed by cheering crowds. The new king, Louis XVIII (1755-1824), fled, and Napoleon embarked on what came to be known as his Hundred Days campaign. [PAR] Napoleon Marches on Belgium [PAR] Upon Napoleon\u2019s return to France, a coalition of allies\u2013the Austrians, British, Prussians and Russians\u2013who considered the French emperor an enemy began to prepare for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Army Colonel - Military Ranks Army Colonel - Military Ranks [PAR] Army Colonel [PAR] O-6 Colonel - Field Officer - U.S. Army Ranks [PAR] Army Colonel [PAR] Basic Pay [PAR] $6,267/mo [PAR] Colonel is the senior field-officer grade commissioned officer rank, directly above Lieutenant Colonel and below Brigadier General. Colonels typically command a brigade-sized unit consisting of 3,000 to 5,000 soldiers, with the assistance of several junior commissioned officers and a Command Sergeant Major as a primary non-commissioned officer advisor. Colonels may also be responsible for leading division-level special agencies. [PAR] Almost all Army Colonels receive special training at the Army War College in Pennsylvania, which graduates over 200 Army officers a year. Colonel is the final \"stepping stone\" rank before the General Officer ranks, and Colonels showing exceptional skill and leadership are often promoted to Brigadier General. [PAR] Colonel is the 24th rank in the United States Army , ranking above Lieutenant Colonel and directly below Brigadier General . A colonel is a Field Officer at DoD paygrade O-6, with a starting monthly pay of $6,267. [PAR] What is the proper way to address a Colonel? [PAR] The correct way to address a Colonel named Mr. Williams is \"Colonel Williams\", or written as COL Williams. In formal situations, a Colonel should always be addressed by their full rank. [PAR] How much does a Colonel earn? [PAR] Basic pay for an entry-level Colonel with 2 or less years of experience is $6,267.00 per month. [PAR] A Colonel receives an automatic raise to their basic pay every one to two years. Basic pay is only a small percentage of a Colonel's final compensation package. [PAR] In addition to a monthly basic pay salary, a Army Colonel may be eligible for multiple types of allowances and bonus pay including personal money allowance, hazard pay, and more. [PAR] For full details on the Army's Colonel compensation and retirement plan, visit the 2017 Army Colonel Pay Chart . A full table of the Army's current paygrades are available at the Army Pay Chart . [PAR] Equivalent Ranks to the Army's O-6 Colonel [PAR] Air Force[DOC] [TLE] Brigadier general - definition of brigadier general by The ... Brigadier general - definition of brigadier general by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Brigadier general - definition of brigadier general by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/brigadier+general [PAR] Related to brigadier general: major general [PAR] brigadier general [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. A commissioned rank in the US Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps that is above colonel and below major general. [PAR] 2. One who holds this rank. [PAR] brigadier general [PAR] n, pl brigadier generals [PAR] 1. (Military) an officer of the US Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps who holds a rank junior to a major general but senior to a colonel, usually commanding a brigade [PAR] 2. (Military) the former name for a brigadier 1 [PAR] brig\u2032adier gen\u2032eral [PAR] an officer in the U.S. Army of the rank between colonel and major general. [PAR] [1680\u201390] [PAR] general officer - officers in the Army or Air Force or Marines above the rank of colonel [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] light colonel [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] A brigadier general of the regular army was quoted as lamenting the fact that the troops had not been called out to take the mob by the throat and shake law and order into it."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brit Awards 2010: Lady Gaga | Daily Mail Online Brit Awards 2010: Lady Gaga | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] When Brit Awards organisers confirmed Lady Gaga as a performer at tonight's show, they must have been thrilled. [PAR] With her penchant for extravagant routines, her set looked sure to be the highlight of the much-hyped 30th anniversary. [PAR] But now organisers have been left making hasty rearrangements, after Gaga decided to turn her performance into a tribute to tragic fashion designer Alexander McQueen. [PAR] The singer has been left \u2018devastated\u2019 by the death of close friend McQueen, who committed suicide, aged 40, last Thursday after becoming inconsolable following the death of his mother. [PAR] Tribute: Lady GaGa leaves her hotel today with her personal bodyguard ahead of tonight's Brits performance [PAR] As a result, Miss Gaga has completely down-sized her performance in tribute to the designer, according to award insiders. [PAR] The eccentric singer \u2013 who donned a bright red floor-length Tudor-style gown with an Elizabethean ruff when she met the Queen at the Royal Variety Performance last November - had been due to deliver a typically dramatic show. [PAR] Originally Gaga was to arrive onstage in a wreck of a car, packed with musical instruments, to perform a medley of her biggest hits, including Poker Face. [PAR] Now she is planning on singing less well known songs Telephone and Dance In The Dark - an album track. [PAR] Grieving: Lady Gaga seen here with designer Alexander McQueen before his tragic suicide [PAR] But, instead, the 23-year-old will now perform a relatively low-key set for the star-studded audience at the event at Earl\u2019s Court, West London as well as the millions who will be watching on TV when the show is aired live on ITV1. [PAR] A Brit Awards source revealed: \u2018Lady Gaga has been left absolutely devastated by his death. [PAR] \u2018She was a huge fan of his talents as a designer \u2013 but more importantly a good friend of his. And she is determined her show will be a tribute. [PAR] 'At the Brits, it was going to be a typically wild Lady Gaga show - but now she has decided she will deliver a much more sombre performance.' [PAR] Lady Gaga \u2013 real name Stefani Germanotta - debuted her hit Bad Romance at McQueen\u2019s show in Paris last July. She then dressed in McQueen designs for the video to the single four months later. [PAR] Subdued: Lady Gaga climbs into her limousine last night on her way to Brit Awards rehearsals; she has ditched plans for a big performance [PAR] When she arrived at rehearsals for the show yesterday morning, she had even dressed head-to-toe in black as a tribute to her close friend. [PAR] It was a far cry from Lady Gaga's normal public attire. [PAR] Her most infamous performance came at the MTV Awards in New York last September. [PAR] Then she had hung from a ceiling covered in fake blood after pretending to stab herself while performing her hit Paparazzi. [PAR] Two months later, she also asked for a giant bathroom to be built onstage while cavorting with a host of dancers for her performance on ITV show the X Factor. [PAR] Poker Face: Lady Gaga appeared not to feel the cold as she left the May Fair hotel [PAR] Along with Lily Allen and Florence And The Machine Gaga has been nominated for three awards, making her a favourite to win. [PAR] Gaga, who had the biggest-selling single of 2009 with Poker Face, is nominated as best international female,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cuillin Hills | mountain range, Scotland, United Kingdom ... Cuillin Hills | mountain range, Scotland, United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] mountain range, Scotland, United Kingdom [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Alternative Titles: the Cuchullins, the Cuillins [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Alps [PAR] Cuillin Hills, also called the Cuillins or the Cuchullins, mountain range, south-central portion of the Atlantic coastal island of Skye , Inner Hebrides island group, Highland council area, Scotland . The Cuillin Hills are among the steepest mountains in the United Kingdom and include 15 peaks above 3,000 feet (900 metres). There are two main ridges\u2014the magnificent Black Cuillins, some peaks of which remained unclimbed until the late 19th century, and the Red Cuillins, around Loch (lake) Coruisk to the south. [PAR] Cuillin Hills on the island of Skye, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. [PAR] \u00a9 Index Open [PAR] Skye [PAR] the largest and most northerly of the Inner Hebrides islands of Scotland. It is the nearest of these islands to the mainland, which lies only a few hundred yards away at Kyleakin, where the Skye Bridge provides access to the mainland by road. Administratively, it lies within the Highland council... [PAR] in Hebrides [PAR] The Hebrides are known for their unique natural features. The Cuillin Hills of Skye\u2014reaching an elevation of 3,309 feet (1,009 metres)\u2014are said to be the most spectacular massif in Britain. The small island of Rhum became a Nature Conservancy Research Centre in 1957, specializing in the study of the local geology, flora, and fauna. The wildlife of the Hebrides is particularly rich... [PAR] 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Mountain range, Scotland, United Kingdom [PAR] Tips for Editing [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: October 09, 2007 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuillin-Hills [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] The Cuillin Hills Hotel on the Isle of Skye The Cuillin Hills Hotel on the Isle of Skye [PAR] Nights [PAR] Children [PAR] The Cuillin Hills Hotel, Portree, on the famous Island of Skye enjoys some of the finest and most spectacular views from any hotel in Scotland. [PAR] From the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bone marrow | definition of Bone marrow by Medical dictionary Bone marrow | definition of Bone marrow by Medical dictionary [PAR] Bone marrow | definition of Bone marrow by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Bone+marrow [PAR] [mar\u00b4o] [PAR] soft spongy material; called also medulla . The term is often restricted to mean bone marrow . [PAR] bone marrow the soft, organic, spongelike material in the cavities of bones; called also medulla ossium . It is a network of blood vessels and special connective tissue fibers that hold together a composite of fat and blood-producing cells. Its chief function is to manufacture erythrocytes , leukocytes , and platelets . These blood cells normally do not enter the bloodstream until they are fully developed, so that the marrow contains cells in all stages of growth. If the body's demand for leukocytes is increased because of infection, the marrow responds immediately by stepping up production. The same is true if more erythrocytes are needed, as in hemorrhage or anemia. [PAR] There are two types of marrow, red and yellow. The former produces the blood cells; the latter, which is mainly formed of fatty tissue, normally has no blood-producing function. During infancy and early childhood all bone marrow is red. But gradually, as one gets older and less blood cell production is needed, the fat content of the marrow increases as some of it turns from red to yellow. Red marrow is present in adulthood only in the flat bones of the skull, the sternum, ribs, vertebral column, clavicle, humerus, and part of the femur. However, under certain conditions, as after hemorrhage, yellow marrow in other bones may again be converted to red and resume its cell-producing functions. [PAR] The marrow is occasionally subject to disease, as in aplastic anemia , which may be caused by destruction of the marrow by chemical agents or excessive x-ray exposure. Other diseases that affect the bone marrow are leukemia, pernicious anemia, myeloma, and metastatic tumors. [PAR] Cells of the bone marrow and the blood. From Malarkey and McMorrow, 2000. [PAR] bone mar\u00b7row [PAR] [TA] [PAR] the soft, pulpy tissue filling the medullary cavities of bones, having a stroma of reticular fibers and cells; it differs in consistency by age and location. [PAR] bone marrow [PAR] n. [PAR] The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells. [PAR] bone marrow [PAR] Etymology: AS, ban + ME, marowe [PAR] the soft, organic, spongelike material in the cavities of bones; also called medulla ossium. It is a network of blood vessels and special connective tissue fibers that hold together a composite of fat and blood-producing cells. Its chief function is to manufacture erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. These blood cells normally do not enter the bloodstream until they are fully developed, so that the marrow contains cells in all stages of growth. If the body's demand for leukocytes is increased because of infection, the marrow responds immediately by stepping up production. The same is true if more erythrocytes are necessary, as in hemorrhage or anemia. Red marrow is found in many bones of infants and children and in the spongy (cancellous) bone of the proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur and the sternum, ribs, and vertebral bodies of adults. Fatty yellow marrow is found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones. [PAR] Bone marrow [PAR] bone marrow [PAR] The soft, spongy tissue in the centre of large bones, which is composed of mature and immature blood cells and fat. Bone marrow produces leukocytes, erythrocytes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English Castles - Dunster Castle - Ireland - Castles . com English Castles - Dunster Castle [PAR] Castles of England - Dunster Castle [PAR] Location [PAR] near Dunster, Somerset, England [PAR] Description [PAR] Set on a wooded hilltop within the Exmoor National Park, Dunster Castle has sweeping views over the Bristol Channel and is situated on the outskirts of the town of Dunster [PAR] The castle is set in beautiful park and woodland surroundings on the side of a river. [PAR] The castle\ufffds defensive walls were demolished long ago but visitors can see a medieval gatehouse, a ruined tower, an octagonal summerhouse at the highest point of the site and a Mediterranean garden terrace. [PAR] The main castellated building has both Jacobean and Victorian facades and is built over four floors of a light and red coloured stone. The interiors feature ornate plasterwork ceilings, fine furniture and paintings. [PAR] Facilities [PAR] The park and garden are open to the public every day throughout the year (except Christmas) and the castle everyday except Thursday between mid March and the end of October between 11am and 5pm. [PAR] The castle offers guided tours of the attic and basement areas which are not normally available for visitors for an extra charge and by reservation only; there is also a National Trust gift shop on site. [PAR] Throughout the year on Fridays and Saturdays couples whishing to tie the knot can do so at a Civil ceremony in either the Tenants Hall which is located in the upper storey of the gatehouse or between November and February in the Inner and Outer halls. [PAR] The Tenants Hall with its Tudor windows is an ideal summer wedding venue seating up to 60 guests with romantic lighting from its impressive chandeliers. The Inner and Outer Halls can seat up to 80 guests with the bride making a grand entrance down the 17th century staircase. [PAR] History [PAR] In 1066 William The Conqueror granted the castle; which was already built on the site, to William de Mohun. The family remained at the castle until it was sold to Lady Elizabeth Luttrell in 1376 whose descendents remained there until 1976. [PAR] The property was in a poor state of repair when it was inherited by Sir George Luttrell in 1571 as the family had not lived there for many years, so in 1617 employed architect William Arnold to build a new house in the lower ward of the castle. [PAR] During the civil war the castle was surrendered to the parliamentarian forces who subsequently demolished the defensive walls leaving just parts of two towers and the gatehouse. During the following centuries and in particular between 1862 and 1872 the castle was restored, remodeled and added too with a landscaped park, follies, terraced garden and the addition of a fine oak staircase and plasterwork ceilings. [PAR] In 1976 Sir Walter Luttrell gave the castle and much of its contents over to the National Trust. [PAR] Other Castles in the Area"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime numbers (2,3,5,7,11,13,...) - Online Reference & Tools Prime numbers (2,3,5,7,11,13,...) [PAR] Prime Numbers [PAR] Is 2 a prime number? [PAR] What is prime number? [PAR] Prime number is a positive natural number that has only two positive natural number divisors - one and itself. [PAR] The opposite of prime numbers are composite numbers. A composite number is a positive nutural number that has at least one positive divisor other than one or itself. [PAR] The number 1 is not a prime number by definition - it has only one divisor. [PAR] The number 0 is not a prime number - it is not a positive number and has infinite number of divisors. [PAR] The number 15 has divisors of 1,3,5,15 because: [PAR] 15/1=15 [PAR] So 15 is not a prime number. [PAR] The number 13 has only two divisors of 1,13. [PAR] 13/1=13 [PAR] So 13 is a prime number. [PAR] Prime numbers list [PAR] List of prime numbers up to 100: [PAR] 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97,... [PAR] Is 0 a prime number? [PAR] The number 0 is not a prime number. [PAR] Zero is not a positive number and has infinite number of divisors. [PAR] Is 1 a prime number? [PAR] The number 1 is not a prime number by definition. [PAR] One is has one divisor - itself. [PAR] Is 2 a prime number? [PAR] The number 2 is a prime number. [PAR] Two has 2 natural number divisors - 1 and 2: [PAR] 2 / 1 = 2"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Federico Fellini: Painting in Film, Painting on Film Home :: Browse by subject :: Art :: [PAR] Chapter 1 - Fellini, Painting On Film [PAR] Chapter 2 - Giulietta degli spiriti: Symbolist virgins meet Decadent femmes-fatales in Art Nouveau interiors [PAR] Symbolist strands embedded in Giulietta's childhood scenes [PAR] Suzy's domain: Symbolist femmes fatales roaming art nouveau interiors [PAR] The Master's Bedroom and the Jungian Shadow [PAR] Chapter 3 - Toby Dammit: Rembrandt meets Vel\u00e1zquez on Screen [PAR] The hanging carcass - Rembrandt to Fellini via Soutine and Bacon [PAR] The bambina diavolo, or \"Vel\u00e1zquez on film\" [PAR] Fellini, Picasso, and Las Meninas after Vel\u00e1zquez [PAR] Severed head and white ball: Fellini's Jungian universe The severed head: Symbolist intertexts [PAR] Toby Dammit: the creative artist as mystical initiate [PAR] Chapter 4 - Fellini-Satyricon: Bruegel meets Klimt in the sewers of imperial Rome [PAR] Fellini's (re)presentation of Romanit\u00e0 [PAR] Fellini\u2019s \"Byzantium\" Picasso\u2019s Minotaur meets Encolpio in Fabrizio Clerici's labyrinths [PAR] Chapter 5 - Fellini\u2019s Casanova: Casanova meets De Chirico on B\u00f6cklin's Isle of the Dead [PAR] Casanova, Fellini's version of the Golem [PAR] Through the half-drawn curtain: Casanova, De Chirico and The Enigma of the Oracle [PAR] The Isoletta di San Bartolo, or Isle of the Dead [PAR] A bridge over the Thames: Fellini's Casanova meets Whistler\u2019s Nocturnes [PAR] Conclusion - \"A new hypothesis of the truth\": Painting as vehicle of the Real in Fellini's films, 1960s-70s [PAR] List of Illustrations [PAR] Bibliography [PAR] \u201cBeautifully, elegantly, and clearly written, Hava Aldouby\u2019s Federico Fellini: Painting in Film, Painting on Film is an outstanding and wonderfully original work. The range and depth of the artistic knowledge Fellini had and that Aldouby chronicles completely debunks the public image Fellini himself created\u2014that of a simple artisan and storyteller lacking in any profound intellectual qualifications. Aldouby\u2019s explications of the intricate connections between Fellini\u2019s intentions, his sources, and his ultimate artistic creations will change forever the way we see this multifaceted cinematic genius.\u201d [PAR] Peter Bondanella, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Department of French and Italian, Indiana University [PAR] \u201cWith Federico Fellini: Painting in Film, Painting on Film, Hava Aldouby has undertaken the daunting challenge of adding a new chapter to the voluminous scholarship on Fellini and succeeded admirably. Highly original, compelling, and important, it will make a striking contribution to Fellini studies and to the work on transmediality.\u201d [PAR] Millicent Marcus, Department of Italian, Yale University [PAR] \u2018Aldouby\u2019s work contributes to the revitalization of the classical field of inquiry about cinema and painting, addressing both scholars in the broad domain of visual studies and cinephiles looking for fresh gaze on Fellini\u2019s oeuvre.\u2019 [PAR] Giacomo Tagliani, Annali d&#8217;Italianistica vol 32:2014 [PAR] \u2018This book is by far the most serious and successful attempt to date to document and interpret pictorial intertexts in Fellini\u2019s work.\u2019 [PAR] Albert Sbragia, Quaderni d&#8217;Italianistica vol 36:01:2015 [PAR] \u2018With this superb book the author has offered us a paragon of inter-arts study one which provides not only a new understanding of Fellini\u2019s creative process, but also furnishes a compelling approach to the work of other auteurs who may have devised their own unique forms of \u2018painting on film\u2019.\u2019 [PAR] Millicent Marcus, Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies vol 3:03:2015 [PAR] \u2018This impressively researched book is a welcome and important contribution to film scholarship\u2026 Aldouby\u2019s assiduous and intricate analysis of intertextual meanings in Fellini\u2019s films enriches our sense of the film maker.\u2019 [PAR] Faye McIntyre, University of Toronto Quarterly vol 84:03:2015 [PAR] \u2018A compelling and original contribution to Fellini scholarship by demonstrating the director\u2019s astonishingly sophisticated knowledge of art history, as well as masterful"
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    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seppuku on Pinterest | Samurai, 47 Ronin and Form Of 1000+ images about Seppuku on Pinterest | Female names, 47 ronin and The wild [PAR] Forward [PAR] Seppuku (or as it\u2019s commonly known \u201charakiri\u201d) is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. As part of the samurai bushido honor code, seppuku was used voluntarily by samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies (and likely suffer torture), as a form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed serious offenses, or performed for other reasons that had brought shame to them. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I - Thinkport.org Exploring Maryland's Roots: Library: Charles I (1600-1649) and Henrietta Maria (1609-1669) [PAR] Charles I, King of England (1600-1649) and [PAR] Henrietta Maria, Queen of England (1609-1669) [PAR] King Charles I was the English king who signed the Charter of Maryland, making Maryland a colony. King Charles I reigned in England from 1625 to 1649. He was the second member of the Stuart family to rule England and Scotland jointly. [PAR] King Charles knew that George Calvert had been a wise secretary of state for the king's father, James I. Charles I signed the Charter of Maryland in 1635, making George Calvert and his heirs Proprietors of Maryland. But George Calvert died before the Charter was ready to be signed. [PAR] George's son, Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore, recieved the province of Maryland from King Charles I. During his reign, Charles I made certain that Cecil Calvert could maintain control of his colony. However, the English Civil Wars between Parliament and Charles I, left the possession of the Maryland Province in question. [PAR] To learn more about history during King Charles I's reign, see his page from History of the Monarchy, on the Official Website of the British Monarchy . [PAR] Maryland got its name from Henrietta Maria. She was the daughter of King Henry IV of France and Marie de M\u00e9dici of Italy. In 1625, Henrietta Maria married King Charles I and became Queen of England. King Charles I's choice to make Henrietta Maria his wife was controversial because she and her family were Roman Catholics rather than members of the Church of England. [PAR] Queen Henrietta Maria was unpopular with many English people and members of Parliament because she assisted English Catholics like the Calverts. The Calverts chose to name their new province in North American, Mary-land, (\ufffdTerra Mariae\ufffd) in the queen's honor. [PAR] Henrietta Maria's life was difficult due to the English Civil Wars that occurred during her husband's reign. She had to flee England while her husband was on trial for treason against his nation. She went to the Netherlands to raise money and soldiers to support King Charles I. [PAR] In 1649, King Charles I was executed by Parliament. Henrietta Maria went home to France and entered a convent. She returned briefly to England in 1660, to see her eldest son crowned King Charles II. Another son, King James II ruled from 1685 to 1688. Henrietta Maria died in Paris at the age of 51 in 1669. [PAR] LINKED DOCUMENTS OR IMAGES: [PAR] King Charles I's biography from a British perspective, in History of the Monarchy section, Official Website of the British Monarchy. [PAR] The Charter of Maryland , SPECIAL COLLECTIONS (Huntingfield Corporation Collection) \"A Relation of the Successefull beginnings of the Lord Baltemore's Plantation in Mary-land: The Charter of Maryland, 1635.\" MSA SC 1399-526 also titled: \"A Relation of Successfull beginnings of the Lord Baltimore's Plantation in Mary-land,\" (1635). Click here to view The Charter online at Museum Without Walls, online exhibit of the Maryland State Archives, October 23, 2002. [PAR] \"Maryland named for Queen Henritta Maria ,\" Maryland State Archives, May 29, 2002. [PAR] Henrietta Maria, Queen Consort of England, oil painting by the Studio of Anthony Van Dyck, 1632. Courtesy of Commission on Artistic Property, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1545-1100. [PAR] \u00a9 2017 Maryland Public Television. All Rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Biography of Queen Henrietta Maria - BCW Project Biography of Queen Henrietta Maria [PAR] \u00bb Biographies \u00bb Queen Henrietta Maria [PAR] Queen Henrietta Maria, 1609-69 [PAR] Loyal, courageous and devoted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman - Shmoop Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman [PAR] (Click the character infographic to download.) [PAR] You were probably aching throughout this play to shove a mirror in front of Willy Loman's face and make him take a good, honest look at himself. But even if you tried, it probably wouldn't have worked. He has a lot of potential, but he also has a whopping case of self-deception paired with misguided life goals. A salesman for all of his career, Willy thinks the goal of life is to be well-liked and gain material success. [PAR] So what happens when he doesn't reach these goals? Total disaster. [PAR] Willy is a rather insecure guy. He tries to make himself feel better by lying to himself and his family. In his world of delusion, Willy is a hugely successful salesman. He disguises his profound anxiety and self-doubt with extreme arrogance. Periodically unable to maintain this image of strength, Willy despairs and pleads with successful people around him for guidance and support. Despite his efforts, it becomes clear that Willy Loman is not popular, well-liked, or even good at his job. In fact, he never was. In all likelihood, he never will be. Now an older man, Willy can no longer drive competently, pay his bills, or sell anything. [PAR] Despite Willy's evident failure to meet his (poorly chosen) life goals, he clings to a fierce belief in the American Dream and the promise that anyone attractive and well-liked can make it big. He has deceived himself his entire life and tries to live vicariously through his unwilling son, Biff. But Biff uncovers Willy's lies when he finds out that Willy has been cheating on Linda. Choosing to alienate his son rather than face reality, and tormented by his failures, Willy spirals downward. [PAR] Willy's Desire to Escape [PAR] So let's talk about all these flashbacks. Part of this \"downward spiral\" we keep talking about has to do with Willy losing a grip on reality and on time. Because his life, by his standards, sucks, Willy escapes into the past and also conveniently gives us, the reader or audience, the background information we need. \"Escape\" becomes Willy's middle name\u2014not unlike his own father, who abandoned him and his brother when they were young. [PAR] All this escape business brings us to Willy's mistress. \"The woman\" gives Willy everything he needs: an alternate world and an ego-boost. Miller makes sure we are able to understand these reasons for why Willy has the affair. If we, the reader/audience, hated Willy for being a cheating jerk, we wouldn't be so upset at his death. But we don't hate Willy. We don't even call him a cheater. Why? Because we understand the psychology behind his affair. He is simply trying to escape. [PAR] Willy's Death [PAR] Which brings us, right on schedule, to the end of the play. As we all know, Willy kills himself. But why? Well, he was clearly still harboring misguided hopes about success for Biff. It seems Willy would rather kill himself than accept the fact that really, honestly, all his son wants is some shirtless sweaty time in Midwestern haystacks. [PAR] The point is, Willy is still deluded when he kills himself. We all know the money isn't going to be used to start a business. What's sad is that Willy doesn't. That final delusion is almost worse than his death itself. [PAR] Speaking of this death, let's talk about the title of the play. Willy was always in pursuit of being"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u201cWar of the Worlds\u201d: Behind the 1938 Radio Show Panic \"War of the Worlds\": Behind the 1938 Radio Show Panic [PAR] \"War of the Worlds\": Behind the 1938 Radio Show Panic [PAR] Stefan Lovgen [PAR] for National Geographic News [PAR] June 17, 2005 [PAR] It was the day before Halloween, October 30, 1938. Henry Brylawski was on his way to pick up his girlfriend at her Adams Morgan apartment in Washington, D.C. [PAR] As he turned on his car radio, the 25-year-old law student heard some startling news. A huge meteorite had smashed into a New Jersey farm. New York was under attack by Martians. [PAR] Mars Facts: From Little Green Men to Robotic Geologists [PAR] \"I knew it was a hoax,\" said Brylawski, now 92. [PAR] Others were not so sure. When he reached the apartment, Brylawski found his girlfriend's sister, who was living there, \"quaking in her boots,\" as he puts it. \"She thought the news was real,\" he said. [PAR] It was not. What radio listeners heard that night was an adaptation, by Orson Welles's Mercury Theater group, of a science fiction novel written 40 years earlier: The War of the Worlds, by H.G. Wells. [PAR] However, the radio play, narrated by Orson Welles, had been written and performed to sound like a real news broadcast about an invasion from Mars. [PAR] Thousands of people, believing they were under attack by Martians, flooded newspaper offices and radio and police stations with calls, asking how to flee their city or how they should protect themselves from \"gas raids.\" Scores of adults reportedly required medical treatment for shock and hysteria. [PAR] The hoax worked, historians say, because the broadcast authentically simulated how radio worked in an emergency. [PAR] \"Audiences heard their regularly scheduled broadcast interrupted by breaking news,\" said Michele Hilmes, a communications professor at University of Wisconsin in Madison and author of Radio Voices: American Broadcasting, 1922-1952. [PAR] Stations then cut to a live reporter on the scene of the invasion in New Jersey. \"By the end of the first half of the program, the radio studios themselves were under attack,\" Hilmes said. [PAR] Tuning in Late [PAR] Orson Welles and his team had previously dramatized novels such as The Count of Monte Cristo and Dracula. The introduction to War of the Worlds broadcast on CBS Radio emphasized that it was based on the H.G. Wells novel."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Language Did Jesus Speak? Why Does It Matter? What Language Did Jesus Speak? Why Does It Matter? - Mark D. Roberts [PAR] Mark D. Roberts [PAR] What Language Did Jesus Speak? Why Does It Matter? [PAR] What Language Did Jesus Speak? [PAR] Why Does It Matter? [PAR] by Rev. Dr. Mark D. Roberts [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2010 by Mark D. Roberts [PAR] Note: You may download this resource at no cost, for personal use or for use in a Christian ministry, as long as you are not publishing it for sale. All I ask is that you acknowledge the source of this material: http://www.patheos.com/blogs/markdroberts/ . For all other uses, please contact me at mark@markdroberts.com . Thank you. [PAR] Some of My Other Writings on Jesus: [PAR] Why Did Jesus Have to Die? [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Six years ago, people all of a sudden became interested in the language spoken by Jesus. The occasion for this burst of curiosity was the release of Mel Gibson\u2019s film, The Passion of the Christ. Although responses to this movie varied widely, just about every viewer was struck by the fact that not one word of English was spoken in the film. All dialogue was in one of two ancient languages: Aramaic or Latin. Without the English subtitles, most of us wouldn\u2019t have been able to understand a word in The Passion of the Christ. (Photo: A statue of Jesus in his passion, from a church on the Mediterranean island of Menorca.) [PAR] Many who saw this movie wondered about its antique languages. What is Aramaic, anyway? Was this really the language spoken by Jesus? Didn\u2019t he speak Hebrew, the primary language of the Hebrew Scriptures? And, since the New Testament Gospels are preserved in Greek manuscripts, is it possible that Jesus also spoke Greek? [PAR] In February 2004, the month when The Passion of the Christ was released, I wrote a short blog series on the language(s) of Jesus. Drawing from my background in New Testament studies, I tried to explain in non-technical terms the issues associated with the language or languages spoken by Jesus. My answer to the question \u201cWhat language(s) did Jesus speak?\u201d was representative of what most scholars of the New Testament believe, and was based on key passages from the New Testament itself, as well as an understanding of life in Judea during the first century A.D. In a nutshell, I showed that it\u2019s most likely that Jesus spoke Aramaic as his primary language, and that he almost certainly knew Hebrew and perhaps Greek as well. It was unlikely, I argued, that Jesus spoke Latin, as envisioned in The Passion of the Christ. [PAR] During the past six years, thousands of people have visited my series on the language(s) of Jesus, thanks to the power of Google and similar search engines. The vast majority of readers did not contact me, which is just fine. They had no particular reason to do so. A few dozen people emailed me to thank me for what I had written. [PAR] And then there were the others, those who were not happy with me and what I had written. Sometimes they wrote nasty notes, criticizing my scholarship and even my Christian character. Sometimes they wrote extensive treatises, arguing at length for a position different from the one I had taken in my series. Among those who wrote, a few referred to credible scholars who have argued that Hebrew and/or Greek were commonly used by Jews in Judea during the time of Jesus. Some who contacted me seemed to believe that because"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 8 weirdest things we've left on the moon - Vox The 8 weirdest things we've left on the moon - Vox [PAR] The 8 weirdest things we've left on the moon [PAR] share [PAR] Humans tend to leave junk wherever we go. [PAR] The moon is no exception. It's estimated that we've left nearly 400,000 pounds of stuff on the moon over the course of dozens of human and uncrewed missions. [PAR] Most of the objects are simply defunct spacecrafts, probes, and rockets , intentionally crashed into the moon's surface after their missions were over. But there are also a handful of stranger things on the moon: art projects, sporting goods, and even bags of feces. [PAR] Here are eight of the weirdest things we've left on the moon so far. [PAR] 1) 96 bags of urine and feces [PAR] The bags used for storing urine (left) and feces (right) during the Apollo missions. ( NASA ) [PAR] During the Apollo missions, astronauts had to poop and pee , just like we all do on Earth. So even though it might sound like a hoax, there really are 96 bags used to collect these body fluids (some full, some empty) sitting around on the moon's surface after all these years \u2014 left behind by astronauts to lighten their craft's load, compensating for the lunar rocks they'd brought aboard. [PAR] Recently, some astrobiologists have actually gotten interested in possibly looking at this poop, to see if there are any bacteria remaining in the feces and whether they've mutated at elevated rates due to exposure to radiation. [PAR] 2) 12 pairs of space boots [PAR] Buzz Aldrin's boots, still on the moon. ( NASA ) [PAR] At the conclusion of Apollo 11, apart from bags of body fluids, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin also lightened their load by leaving behind about 100 objects they no longer needed. The stash included space boots, cameras, tools, and film. [PAR] For more ceremonial purposes, they also left behind the famous US flag they'd planted in the lunar soil (though it was blown over by rocket exhaust when they left), a small gold olive branch pendant, and a ceremonial silicon disc that had been engraved with about 100 goodwill messages from US politicians, NASA administrators, and world heads of state. [PAR] 3) A plaque signed by Richard Nixon [PAR] ( NASA ) [PAR] Nixon was president for all six human missions to the moon, including the first, which astronauts marked by leaving the plaque above on the moon's surface. [PAR] So even though Nixon merely inherited the Apollo program just months before the first moon landing \u2014 and, of course, would later end his presidency in disgrace (ranking second to last on Vox's ultimate semi-arbitrary ranking of American presidents ) \u2014 he's the only president who got his signature on the moon. [PAR] Well played, Nixon. [PAR] 4) Artwork by Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, and Claes Oldenburg [PAR] This one's an unconfirmed rumor \u2014 but there's reason to believe it might be true. [PAR] During the 1960s, sculptor Forrest Myers reportedly had the idea to get six artists to collaborate on a tiny piece of artwork that would be left on the moon, and eventually recruited some big names to draw tiny sketches for what he'd call Moon Museum . The designs \u2014 which included a Mickey Mouse-esque drawing by Claes Oldenburg and a stylized sketch of Warhol's initials that look suspiciously like a penis \u2014 were shrunken down and etched onto a tiny ceramic wafer by scientists at Bell Labs. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Hook - Disney Wiki - Wikia Captain Hook | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015 Walt Disney in a story meeting [PAR] Captain Hook is emotionally vulnerable. Due to this, he has made a fool of himself quite often. On the contrary, he typically acts as a menacing and cunning villain who never gives up on his pursuits particularly his desire to get revenge on Peter Pan . He is also a murderous character, almost to an extreme extent, as at one point in the film, he callously shot and killed one of his crew members because of his annoying singing. Later in the film, he viciously threw one of his pirates overboard using only his hook. While comically and occasionally bumbling, Hook is a force to be reckoned with, both physically and mentally. With his temper extremely fragile, those around him are often at risk, with Peter Pan being the only individual truly skilled enough to take on the villainous captain. [PAR] Hook is extremely intelligent and manipulative and aided by his charming and suave personality. He is able to trick anyone even those who are more than aware that he is not to be trusted. Captain Hook also seems to have a tendency to find loopholes in agreements or contracts, or show obedience to the letter of the law, rather than the spirit of the law. For instance, when Hook was made to promise that he would not lay a finger or a hook on Peter Pan, he agreed, but instead he planted a bomb disguised as a present in Peter's hideout. [PAR] Captain Hook is one of few villains that view their sidekick as not only a minion but as a friend. While Hook is incredibly cruel, deadly, short tempered and shows no care for his crew, he seems to only tolerate the bumbling actions of Mr. Smee. It has been shown that Hook murders his crew members out of irritation and aggravation but despite the constant annoyance from Smee, Hook has never shown any desire to kill him (though he has attempted to pummel Smee for his stupidity, but he is always interrupted). Aside from this, Captain Hook also views Smee as his confidant, sharing personal thoughts with Smee as well being the first person he turns to when scared which is not common for a villain of Hook's acclaim. [PAR] He also seems to be able to understand fairy language, conversing with Zarina as though she was speaking English, and translating for the rest of his crew. [PAR] Physical appearance [PAR] Captain Hook is a thin man with long black hair, a large hooked nose, a thin black mustache that angles upward sharply, and a large chin. He wears a frilly white cravat underneath a crimson coat with gold lining and crimson cuffs. Each of these cuffs sports 2 gold cufflinks. He also wears an orange sash over his right shoulder that holds his sword scabbard at his left hip. He wears rose pants and white knee-high socks, as well as black boots with a pink circle decorating each one. The tongues of his boots are enormous, reaching halfway up his shins. He wears a large crimson hat with a huge lavender feather stuck in it. He carries a rapier with a gold hilt and guard as a weapon. He had a steel hook on his left-hand silver or gold. In close-ups, his eyes appear to be green from Epic Mickey . [PAR] It is rumored that Captain Hook's appearance is based on that of his animator, Frank Thomas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chronic Kidney Disease - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment of ... Chronic Kidney Disease - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease - NY Times Health Information [PAR] Back to Top Causes [PAR] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) slowly gets worse over months or years. you may not notice any symptoms for some time. The loss of function may be so slow that you do not have symptoms until your kidneys have almost stopped working. [PAR] The final stage of chronic kidney disease is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At this stage, the kidneys are no longer able to remove enough wastes and excess fluids from the body. At this point, you would need dialysis or a kidney transplant . [PAR] Diabetes and high blood pressure are the two most common causes and account for most cases. [PAR] Many other diseases and conditions can damage the kidneys, including: [PAR] Controlling blood pressure will slow further kidney damage. [PAR] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are used most often. [PAR] The goal is to keep blood pressure at or below 130/80 mmHg. [PAR] Making lifestyle changes can help protect the kidneys, and prevent heart disease and stroke, such as: [PAR] Do not smoke. [PAR] Eat meals that are low in fat and cholesterol. [PAR] Get regular exercise (talk to your doctor or nurse before starting to exercise). [PAR] Take drugs to lower your cholesterol, if needed. [PAR] Keep your blood sugar under control. [PAR] Avoid eating too much salt or potassium. [PAR] Always talk to your kidney doctor before taking any over-the-counter medicine. This includes vitamins, herbs and supplements. Make sure all of the doctors you visit know you have chronic kidney disease. [PAR] Other treatments may include: [PAR] Medicines called phosphate binders, to help prevent high phosphorous levels [PAR] Extra iron in the diet, iron pills, iron given through a vein (intravenous iron) special shots of a medicine called erythropoietin, and blood transfusions to treat anemia [PAR] Extra calcium and vitamin D (always talk to your doctor before taking) [PAR] Your doctor may have you follow a special diet for chronic kidney disease . [PAR] Limiting fluids [PAR] Restricting salt, potassium, phosphorous, and other electrolytes [PAR] Getting enough calories to prevent weight loss [PAR] All people with chronic kidney disease should be up-to-date on the following vaccinations: [PAR] Hepatitis A vaccine [PAR] Back to Top References [PAR] Fogarty DG, Tall MW. A stepped are approach to the management of chronic kidney disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA et al. eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 61. [PAR] Tonelli M, Pannu N, Manns B. Oral phosphate binders in patients with kidney failure. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1312-1324. [PAR] Abboud H, Henrich WL. Clinical practice. Stage IV chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:56-65. [PAR] Upadhyay A, Earley A, Haynes SM, Uhlig K. Systematic review: blood pressure target in chronic kidney disease and proteinuria as an effect modifier. Ann Intern Med . 2011;154:541-548. [PAR] KDOQI. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline and Clinical Practice Recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease: 2007 update of hemoglobin target. Am J Kidney Dis . 2007; 50:471-530. [PAR] KDOQI; National Kidney Foundation II. Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease in adults. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47(5 Suppl 3):S16-S85. [PAR] Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis . 2004; 43(5 Suppl 1):S1-S290. [PAR] More Information on This Topic [PAR] 5 Things to Know [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andy Warhol - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com Andrew Warhola (1928 - 1987) - Genealogy [PAR] Andrew Warhola [PAR] in New York, NY, USA [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, United States [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] Brother of <private> Warhola and <private> Warhola [PAR] Occupation: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... against A motion by the City of Avon can Trustee President Andrew Warhola said he hoped staff members would remain apolitical Mrs Mabel ... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... Assistant Prosecutor Andrew Warhola, also present, proposed that the engineering departments of Elyria, Lorain and the county get togeth... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... additional in- struction at other colleges. Technical course Andrew Warhola, board presi- dent, toW \"I'm fear- ful ...\" [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...\u2019s a culmination of our plans,\u201d said former Trustee Andrew J. Warhola. \u201cI\u2019m very proud that our dream came true in probably one of th... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... recommendations by their mid-August meeting. A l-mill levy, President Andrew J. Warhola said, would provide million. No site has yet bee... [PAR] Date: [PAR] ... Lorain County Assistant Proso-cutor Andrew Warhola, how ...\" [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"..., according to Andrew Warhola, assistant Lorain County prosecutor. Wtuhola attended the four-day NDAA meeting held recently at Bal Ha... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... man, advised Board der of Avon and Robert King of Chairman Andrew Warhola of Wellington. free They were advised that Bowl- the ing -Gree... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... for a temporary injunction was made by Assistant Prosecutor Andrew Warhola representing County Dog Warden Walter Abra-hamowicz and his d... [PAR] Date: [PAR] sibling [PAR] About Andy Warhol [PAR] Andrew Warhola known as Andy Warhol, was a Rusyn-American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became famous worldwide for his work as a painter, avant-garde filmmaker, record producer, author, and public figure known for his membership in wildly diverse social circles that included bohemian street people, distinguished intellectuals, Hollywood celebrities and wealthy patrons. [PAR] Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. He coined the widely used expression \"15 minutes of fame\". In his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, The Andy Warhol Museum exists in memory of his life and artwork. [PAR] The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is $100 million for a 1963 canvas titled Eight Elvises. The private transaction was reported in a 2009 article in The Economist, which described Warhol as the \"bellwether of the art market.\" $100 million is a benchmark price that only Jackson Pollock, Pablo Picasso, Gustav Klimt and Willem de Kooning have achieved. [PAR] Andy Warhol was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola (died 1942) and Julia (nee Zavacka, 1892\u20131972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their migration to the U.S. His parents were working-class immigrants from Mik\u00f3 (now called Mikov\u00e1), in northeastern Slovakia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Warhol's father immigrated to the US in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Andy Warhol's grandparents. Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Achille Maramotti | Italian fashion entrepreneur ... Achille Maramotti | Italian fashion entrepreneur | Britannica.com [PAR] Italian fashion entrepreneur [PAR] Originally published in the Britannica Book of the Year. Presented as archival content. [PAR] Achille Maramotti [PAR] Albinea, Italy [PAR] Achille Maramotti, (born Jan. 7, 1927, Reggio Emilia, Italy \u2014died Jan. 12, 2005, Albinea, Italy), Italian fashion entrepreneur who founded the fashion house Max Mara and was credited with introducing high-quality ready-to-wear fashion to Italy. At a time when many Italians preferred to have their clothes made for them, Maramotti had the idea to have superbly made clothing available off the rack. He started the company in 1951 with a single coat and suit. The clothing was stylish but not trendy, and though he did employ famous designers, they were required to work anonymously for the company. By 2005 Max Mara had more than 20 labels\u2014among them Sportmax, I Blues, and Marella\u2014and hundreds of retail shops throughout the world. Maramotti was also known for his banking interests and his collection of contemporary art. [PAR] EXPLORE these related biographies: [PAR] Gianni Versace (Italian fashion designer) [PAR] Italian fashion designer known for his daring fashions and glamorous lifestyle. His mother was a dressmaker, and Gianni was raised watching her work on designs in her boutique. After graduating from high school, Versace worked for a short time at his mother\u2019s shop before moving in 1972 to Milan, where he worked for several Italian ateliers, including... [PAR] Giovanni Agnelli (Italian industrialist [1866-1945]) [PAR] founder of the Fiat (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino) automobile company and the leading Italian industrialist of the first half of the 20th century. Agnelli attended the military school at Modena, but he quit the army in 1892. In 1899 he was one of the prime movers in creating Fiat, which soon became an internationally renowned automobile manufacturer.... [PAR] Enrico Mattei (Italian businessman) [PAR] international businessman and politically powerful head of Italy\u2019s Eni SpA (Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi; \u201cState Hydrocarbons Authority\u201d), which had authority over that country\u2019s petroleum resources. As a young man, prior to World War II, Mattei started a small chemical business in Milan, which prospered throughout his life. During the war he worked... [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Brabham - 1959, 1960, 1966 - Formula 1 Jack Brabham - 1959, 1960, 1966 [PAR] Jack Brabham [PAR] Share [PAR] Jack Brabham's three world championships were the product of both his engineering expertise and driving skill. His first two titles, in rear-engined Coopers he helped develop, confirmed the obsolescence of front-engined Formula One cars. His third title, in a Brabham, made him the only driver to become champion in a car of his own make. For his lifetime achievements, which also included nurturing the talents of other notable drivers and pioneering the business side of the sport, he became the first Formula One driver to receive a knighthood. [PAR] John Arthur 'Jack' Brabham, was born on April 2, 1926, in Hurstville, an Australian town near Sydney where his father was a greengrocer. From an early age Jack was far less interested in fruit and vegetables than in the Brabham shop's delivery vehicles. He learned to drive them long before he was eligible for a licence and by his early teens he was equally adept at keeping them roadworthy. His mechanical aptitude led him to a technical college where he studied practical engineering. Not academically-inclined, he left school at 15 and went to work in an engineering shop, then a garage. At 18 he joined the Royal Australian Air Force in Adelaide, where he wanted to learn to fly but was instead trained to fill a wartime shortage of flight mechanics. Upon his discharge, in 1946, an uncle in the construction business built him a workshop in Sydney, where Jack opened his own engineering establishment. [PAR] In 1951 he married Betty, who became the mother of their three sons, Geoffrey, Gary and David, all of whom would race, though not nearly as successfully as their father. Jack's introduction to motorsport came through a friend who raced midgets on dirt track ovals. Jack helped him build a new car and when his friend decided to stop driving Jack took over and became a regular winner. In self-prepared midgets he won four successive Australian championships and was the 1953 hillclimb champion in a British-built Cooper-Bristol. Two years later his growing ambition to expand his motorsport horizons brought Jack to England. A meeting with John and Charles Cooper, constructors of his successful Australian car, led to a friendship and partnership that would propel the tiny Cooper Car Company and 'Black Jack' Brabham into the forefront of Formula One history. [PAR] With Brabham providing the inspiration (he helped persuade the Coopers to take the rear-engine route into Formula One racing) and the perspiration (he built up his first chassis in Cooper's workshop) the tiny British cars with the engines in the back sped to the front in an era previously dominated by big, front-engined Italian and German roadsters. In the Brabham-led team's first full championship season of 1958 the debut win for a Cooper came courtesy of Stirling Moss, who drove Rob Walker's private entry to victory in Argentina. In 1959 Moss won twice, but Brabham's victories in Monaco and Britain together with his consistently high placings resulted in the Australian winning a drivers\u2019 title that some thought owed more to stealth than skill, an opinion at least partly based on Brabham's low-key presence. [PAR] Always a man of few words - his nickname 'Black Jack' referred to both his dark hair and his propensity for maintaining a shadowy silence - he avoided small talk and was undemonstrative in the extreme. But behind the wheel he was anything but shy and retiring. He put his head down and drove exceedingly forcefully, opposite-locking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English - University of Strathclyde English - University of Strathclyde [PAR] University of Strathclyde [PAR] Research opportunities [PAR] We offer MRes, MPhil and PhD degrees in English. [PAR] You can study an MPhil or an MRes over the course of one year or a PhD over three years. [PAR] You can study whichever option you'd like in any of our four research areas: [PAR] Literary Linguistics [PAR] Creative writing [PAR] We've particular expertise in the historical novel, writing for children, radio drama, lyric and ekphrastic poetry (a vivid description of a scene or, more commonly, a work of art). [PAR] The MRes in creative writing is an opportunity to work on an extended project (up to 30,000 words) under the supervision of a successful, published author. [PAR] Find out more about the MRes in Creative Writing . [PAR] English language & literature [PAR] Postgraduates in English language and literature will be supervised by researchers with international reputations in a range of fields, from the Renaissance period to the present day. [PAR] Our areas of expertise include: [PAR] literary linguistics [PAR] culture and place (especially Scotland, Canada and the modern city) [PAR] inter-disciplinary areas such as animal studies, popular and middlebrow cultures, and digital humanities [PAR] We specialise in political journalism, investigative journalism, journalism and health, and ethics in journalism. [PAR] Postgraduate research students are supervised by award-winning journalists and distinguished academics. [PAR] Find a supervisor for Journalism . [PAR] Our research & expertise [PAR] We're home to the British Animal Studies Network and the University-funded research cluster on 'Literature, Culture and Place/Digital Humanities'. [PAR] We've strong research and supervision links with the departments of Architecture, Psychology and the Business School. [PAR] Our postgraduate students organise conferences. Recently they held a conference called 'Oscillate! Metamodernism and the Humanities: Critical and Creative Practice', as well as two creative writing conferences, one in the context of the literary festival Aye Write. Students also present their work at our 'Languages and Literatures' research seminar. [PAR] Postgraduate students have also organised a literary competition that responds to the University\u2019s collection of scientific instruments. Students edit the peer-reviewed journal, Ecloga, participate in staff-graduate reading and writing groups and in the high profile series of visiting talks organised by the Keith Wright Literary Fellow. [PAR] We're a member of the European Doctoral Network in Culture, Criticism and Creativity, which hosts regular seminars in London, Berlin and Copenhagen. The community of creative writers at Strathclyde also benefit from regular visits by industry professionals, including literary agents and TV editors. [PAR] Postgraduate Certificate in Researcher Professional Development (PG Cert RPD) programme [PAR] As part of your PhD degree, you'll be enrolled on the Postgraduate Certificate in Researcher Professional Development (PG Cert RPD). [PAR] This certificate is designed to support you with your research and rewards you for things you'll do as a research student here. [PAR] It'll help you improve skills which are important to professional development and employability: [PAR] the knowledge and intellectual abilities to conduct your research [PAR] the personal qualities to succeed in your research and chosen career [PAR] the standards, requirements and conduct of a professional researcher in your discipline [PAR] working with others and communicating the impact of your research to a wide range of audiences [PAR] All you have to do is plan these activities alongside your doctorate, documenting and reflecting your journey to success along the way. [PAR] \u00a311,750 (full-time) [PAR] Funding [PAR] Our postgraduate students are eligible to apply for doctoral studentships from the Arts and Humanities Research Council. [PAR] Students have also competed successfully for the Carnegie-Caledonian PhD"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Kick Up the Eighties (TV Series 1981\u20131984) - IMDb A Kick Up the Eighties (TV Series 1981\u20131984) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A Kick Up the Eighties [PAR] 30min [PAR] Sketch show that originally explored a theme each week (work, death, sex). [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 74 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 437 titles [PAR] created 18 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 1320 titles [PAR] created 20 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 82 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 58 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: A Kick Up the Eighties (1981\u20131984) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] 21 September 1981 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Company Credits [PAR] (Ambrosia) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] A number of B.B.C. sketch shows appeared in the wake of 'Not The Nine O'Clock News', all attempting to recapture the original's healthy disrespect for authority and revelling in sheer bad taste for the sake of it. Made by B.B.C. Scotland, and executive produced by Sean Hardie, 'A Kick Up The Eighties' is today best remembered for bringing the then-unknown Rik Mayall ( credited as Kevin Turvey ) to a mass audience. Turvey, a Brummie idiot who fancied himself as an investigative reporter, delivered surreal monologues to camera which he concluded by saying: \"Kevin's 'ere!\", whilst touching his left ear. Turvey became a cult character, leading to him getting his own one-off show: 'Kevin Turvey - The Man Behind The Green Door'. [PAR] One or two sketches concerned then-topical subjects such as the cold war, the prospect of nuclear war, unemployment, sexual equality, and even the boom in home ( video ) entertainment. Among the writers were 'Rab C.Nesbitt' author Ian Pattison, and Doug Naylor and Rob Grant, creators of 'Red Dwarf'. The regular cast in the first season were Ron Bain, Miriam Margolyes, Roger Sloman, Tracey Ullman ( fresh from 'Three Of A Kind' ), with Richard Stilgoe providing witty 'Frost Report'-style linking material. The second season saw Stilgoe replaced by Robbie Coltrane ( whom I thought at the time had probably been cast due to his physical resemblance to Mel Smith! ). Some of Coltrane's characters, particularly the stand-up comedian who is nowhere near as funny as he thinks he is, would reappear in 'Laugh? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee!'. [PAR] Although 'Eighties' did upset some viewers - particularly a sketch in the fifth show in the first season in which Miriam Margolyes' nurse unplugs a patient's life support machine in order to be able to use her vacuum cleaner - there was no repetition of the furore that greeted 'Carrott's Lib' when Jasper joked about the deaf. Another"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] poi - definition of poi in English from the Oxford dictionary poi - definition of poi in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] poi [PAR] poi2 [PAR] noun [PAR] A small light ball of woven flax, swung rhythmically on the end of a string in Maori action songs and dances: [PAR] \u2018we watch people breathing fire and dancing with poi\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018There were songs and dance and poi twirling, demonstrations of how clubs used to be used for cracking and slicing skulls, for ripping off ears, how wavy feathers attached to the handles distracted the enemy.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018In the wharenui the group has been introduced to the haka, the long pois and short sticks and has had an opportunity to try them all.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018When I asked what this meant, she replied, \u2018They wear plastic piu-pius (skirts which were traditionally made from flax) and use plastic pois (small balls attached to a string and used mostly in women's dances)\u2019.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Mr Brown had taught at Tolaga Bay and was able to teach his pupils Maori songs, chants, poi dances and a haka.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018God knows how long we're there for - we're having such a great time the hours fly by - but somehow we end up back at the Stone Circle watching the fire pois\u2019 [PAR] \u2018She may still be in nappies but that's no barrier to Maia Jenner knowing how to swing the poi.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018We watch people breathing fire and dancing with poi, clowns and jugglers, stalls selling jewellery and hats and hot candied almonds.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018I averted my eyes from the roadworks scar, and we emerged from the gravelled gloom of Palmer Street by the Community Centre where, in the park, we stumbled into an accidental circus of people drumming, and whirling fiery pois and staffs.\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] a hill or rocky peak [PAR] a flat strip of land [PAR] What does hummock mean? [PAR] a low ridge of sand [PAR] a long mountain ridge with steep sides [PAR] What does pocosin mean? [PAR] an area of low, swampy ground [PAR] a point of high land jutting out to sea [PAR] What does khor mean? [PAR] a narrow strip of land with sea on either side [PAR] a dry watercourse or ravine [PAR] What does tributary mean? [PAR] a dry watercourse or ravine [PAR] a river flowing into a larger river or lake [PAR] What does isthmus mean? [PAR] a narrow strip of land with sea on either side [PAR] What does mesa mean? [PAR] an area of low, marshy land near a seashore [PAR] an isolated flat-topped hill [PAR] a point of high land jutting out to sea [PAR] a deep inlet between high cliffs [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry [PAR] Most popular in the world [PAR] Australia[DOC] [TLE] Pat & Betsy's Travel Blog | Come share our adventure! Pat & Betsy's Travel Blog | Come share our adventure! [PAR] Pat & Betsy's Travel Blog [PAR] 2 Replies [PAR] [PAR] \u201cSo what did you learn about New Zealand,\u201d an old Maori man asked me on our last afternoon in the Bay of Islands, the day before we headed back to Auckland to catch our various flights home. Although we were there a bit less than three weeks, we feel we absorbed a great deal, traveling from Queenstown and Te Anau and Milford Sound on the southern part of the South Island to Paihia and Russell and Kerikeri in the far northern part of the North Island. So one thing I learned was how to drive on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Uranus - Astronomy For Kids - KidsAstronomy.com Uranus - Astronomy For Kids - KidsAstronomy.com [PAR] ASTRONOMY FOR KIDS [PAR] Try Miamiopia, Our New Free Educational Virtual World [PAR] Uranus means: [PAR] In astronomy mythology, Uranus was the lord of the skies and husband of Earth. He was also the king of the gods until he was overthrown by his son Saturn. [PAR] How much would you weigh on Uranus? [PAR] It would take you many years to fly a rocket to Uranus. When you arrived you would weigh less because Uranus' gravity is not as strong as the Earth's. If you weigh 70 pounds (32 kg) on Earth, you would weigh 62 pounds (28 kg) on Uranus. [PAR] The Planet [PAR] Like Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus is a gas giant. But Uranus is a little different. Unlike all the other planets and most of the moons in our Solar System, Uranus spins on its side. It is believed that long ago a very large object smashed into this planet. The crash was so powerful that it completely changed the direction of Uranus' planetary rotation. However, a more recent theory is that the extreme tilt of Uranus' axis may have been caused by a large moon that was slowly pulled away from the planet by another large planet long ago when our Solar System was still new. It is thought that the gravitational pull of this moon moving away from Uranus may have caused it to tilt on its side. [PAR] Like Saturn, the thick atmosphere of Uranus is made up of methane, hydrogen and helium. But Uranus is an extremely cold planet. It has been called the \"ice giant.\" It is believed that Uranus is made up of rock and ice and has a large rocky core. Because of the tremendous planetary pressure of Uranus, there could possibly be trillions of large diamonds in or on the surface of this planet. [PAR] Scientists also believe that on the surface of Uranus there may be a huge ocean. And, interestingly, it is thought that the temperature of this ocean may be extremely hot, maybe even as hot as 5000 degrees Fahrenheit (2760 Celsius). [PAR] Uranus is almost identical to the planet Neptune. [PAR] Rings [PAR] Uranus also has rings, though they don't stretch out as far as the rings of Saturn. The rings of Uranus are made up of black dust particles and large rocks. [PAR] Moons: [PAR] Uranus has 27 moons. Five of these moons are large and the rest are smaller. The largest moon is Titania, followed by Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel and Miranda. Some of the smaller moons are named: Belinda, Bianca, Caliban, Cordelia, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Ophelia, Portia, Puck, and Rosalind. [PAR] To learn more about these exciting worlds Click Here . [PAR] Since Uranus spins on its side, its rings rotate up and over the planet instead of around the middle like the rings of Saturn and Neptune. [PAR] The Totally Free Children's Learning Network [PAR] Educational Games"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cruise to Sardinia, Italy - Mediterranean Cruises | MSC ... Olbia, cruises to Italy | MSC Cruises [PAR] dec [PAR] Crystal-clear waters and wild nature [PAR] Wedged into the coastline, Olbia is the largest town you\u2019ll see on an MSC Mediterranean cruise around north-eastern Sardinia, its recent phenomenal growth due to the huge influx of tourists and cruisers bound for one of the Mediterranean\u2019s loveliest stretches of coast, the Emerald Coast. [PAR] Olbia has a first-class museum, plus numerous bars and restaurants, usually abuzz with tourists. Long a magnet for Italy\u2019s glitziest celebrities, in the 1960s the five-star development of the Costa Smeralda helped to transform the economy of the entire island. [PAR] With its typical rustic-red architecture, Porto Cervo, the main resort on the Costa Smeralda, embodies the dream of an idyllic Mediterranean village without any of the irritations of real life. Graffiti- and litter-free, Porto Cervo exults in its exclusivity, with a glittering yachting marina as its centrepiece. [PAR] You can enjoy many cruise excursions from Olbia: La Maddalena island invites aimless wandering and offers a variety of sandy and rocky beaches in mostly undeveloped coves. The beaches on the northern and western coasts are most attractive, particularly those around the tiny port of Madonetta, 5 km west of La Maddalena, and at Cala Lunga, 5 km north of town. [PAR] Attached to the main island by a causeway is neighbouring Caprera, the island on which Garibaldi spent his last years. Santa Teresa di Gallura is Sardinia\u2019s northernmost port. The town gets extremely lively in summer, with a buzzing nightlife, but the main draw is the beaches, many enjoying superb views over to Corsica, just 11 km away. [PAR] There\u2019s one stretch of sand right at the edge of town, but some of the finest beaches on the whole island are a short bus ride away, with Punta Falcone and La Marmorata to the east, and, 3 km west of Santa Teresa, Capo Testa, with its wind-sculpted granite rock formations. [PAR] Must see places in Olbia [PAR] A short cruise to Maddalena Island [PAR] Excursion code: [PAR] OLB04 [PAR] After leaving the port of Olbia by coach, the first stop on this enjoyable tour will be in San Pantaleo, a lovely little village located in the hills of the amazing Costa Smeralda, the Emerald Coast. Look forward to a short stop in the village to stroll around, browse in the small shops and visit the craft workshops. The excursion then continues up through the northernmost part of the island to Santa Teresa di Gallura, a coastal resort that faces the Strait of Bonifacio and Corsica. A guided tour of this small, but pretty town will follow, after which you will also have some free time to stroll around on your own. Return to the port. Please note: guests using a wheelchair are advised that they must be accompanied by a paying helper to provide assistance with getting on and off the coach and that wheelchairs must be collapsible/foldable since the coach has neither a ramp nor a lift. Guests using a wheelchair who would like to participate in this tour are requested to contact the Shore Excursions\u0092 Desk promptly once they are on board so that arrangements can be made. [PAR] May involve a limited quantity of steps, uneven surfaces and/or periods of standing [PAR] Difficulty Level"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] dewlap - definition and meaning dewlap - definition and meaning [PAR] dewlap [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] n. A fold of loose skin hanging from the neck of certain animals. [PAR] n. A pendulous part similar to this, such as the wattle of a bird. [PAR] n. A fold of loose skin hanging from the neck of a person. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] n. The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, which laps or licks the dew in grazing, or a similar feature on any other animal. [PAR] n. The sagging flesh on the human throat of an old person. [PAR] from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] n. The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, which laps or licks the dew in grazing. [PAR] n. The flesh upon the human throat, especially when with age. [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] n. The fold of skin that hangs from the throat of oxen and cows; hence, the pendulous skin under the throat of some other animals, as dogs. [PAR] n. The flesh on the human throat when flaccid with age. [PAR] n. The large median fleshy fold or single wattle of the domestic turkey. [PAR] n. plural In heraldry, same as wattles. [PAR] n. A brand or ownership-mark on the dewlap of an animal. [PAR] from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. [PAR] n. a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck [PAR] Etymologies [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] Middle English dewlappe : dew, of unknown meaning (akin to Danish and Norwegian dog-, in Danish dogl\u00e6b and Norwegian dogl\u00e6p, dewlap) + lappe, fold; see lap2. [PAR] Examples [PAR] The moose has a very thick, strong neck from which hangs a long, round flap of skin and hair called a dewlap, or bell."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ERATO - Greek Goddess Muse of Erotic Poetry & Mime ERATO - Greek Goddess Muse of Erotic Poetry & Mime [PAR] ERATO [PAR] Lovely, Beloved [PAR] Portraits of the nine Muses, Greco-Roman mosaic from Cos, Archaeological Museum of Cos [PAR] ERATO was one of the nine Mousai (Muses), the goddesses of music, song and dance. In the Classical era, when the Mousai were assigned specific literary and artistic spheres, Erato was named Muse of erotic poetry and mime, and represented with a lyre. Her name means \"lovely\" or \"beloved\" from the Greek word eratos. [PAR] FAMILY OF ERATO [PAR] ZEUS & MNEMOSYNE (Hesiod Theogony 75, Apollodorus 1.13, Diodorus Siculus 4.7.1, Orphic Hymn 76) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] KLEOPHEME (by Malos) (Isyllus Hymn to Asclepius) [PAR] CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES [PAR] Hesiod, Theogony 75 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : [PAR] \"The Mousai (Muses) sang who dwell on Olympos, nine daughters begotten by great Zeus, Kleio (Clio) and Euterpe, Thaleia (Thalia), Melpomene and Terpsikhore (Terpsichore), and Erato and Polymnia (Polyhymnia) and Ourania (Urania) and Kalliope (Calliope).\" [PAR] Isyllus, Hymn to Asclepius (trans. Frazer, Vol. Apollodorus) (Greek poet C4th or 3rd B.C.) : [PAR] \"Father Zeus bestowed the hand of the Mousa (Muse) Erato on Malos [eponymous lord of Malea] in holy matrimony (hosioisi gamois.) The pair had a daughter Kleophema (Cleophema), who married Phlegyas, a native of Epidauros (Epidaurus); and Phlegyas had by her a daughter Aigle (Aegle), otherwise known as Koronis (Coronis), whom Phoibos (Phoebus) [Apollon] of the golden bow beheld in the house of her grandfather Malos, and falling in love he got by her a child, Asklepios (Asclepius).\" [PAR] [N.B. This hymn was engraved on a limestone tablet unearthed at the shrine of Asklepios in Epidauros. According to the inscription the poet consulted the Delphic Oracle for approval before publishing this genealogy of the god Asklepios.] [PAR] Plato, Phaedrus 259 (trans. Fowler) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) : [PAR] \"When they [the grasshoppers] die they go and inform the Mousai (Muses) in heaven who honours them on earth. They win the love of Terpsikhore (Terpsichore) for the dancers by their report of them; of Erato for the lovers.\" [PAR] Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 13 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : [PAR] \"Mnemosyne [bore to Zeus] the Mousai (Muses), the eldest of whom was Kalliope (Calliope), followed by Kleio (Clio), Melpomene, Euterpe, Erato, Terpsikhore (Terpsichore), Ourania (Urania), Thaleia (Thalia), and Polymnia.\" [PAR] Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3. 1 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) : [PAR] \"[The poet invokes the Muse Erato as he begins the tale of the love of Jason and Medea :] Come, Erato, come lovely Mousa (Muse), stand by me and take up the tale. How did Medea's passion help Iason (Jason) to bring back the fleece to Iolkos (Iolcus).\" [PAR] Strabo, Geography 8. 30. 20 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) : [PAR] \"And further, the poem entitled Rhadine--of which Stesikhoros (Stesichorus) [poet C7th-6th B.C.] is reputed to be the author--, which begins, \u2018Come, thou clear-voiced Mousa (Muse), Erato, begin thy song, voicing to the tune of thy lovely lyre the strain of the children of Samos.\u2019\" [PAR] Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 4. 7. 1 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) : [PAR] \"Hesiod even gives their [the Mousai's (Muses')] names when he writes : \u2018Kleio, Euterpe, and Thaleia, Melpomene, Terpsikhore and Erato, and Polymnia, Ourania, Kalliope too, of them all the most comely.\u2019 [PAR] To each of the Mousai (Muses) men assign her special aptitude for one of the branches of the liberal arts, such as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All About Shamrocks and 4-Leaf Clover - LollySmith.Com All About Shamrocks and 4-Leaf Clover [PAR] All About Shamrocks and 4-Leaf Clover [PAR] 4-LEAF CLOVER > All About Shamrocks and 4-Leaf Clover [PAR] All About Shamrocks and 4-Leaf Clover [PAR] The Shamrock | Which is the True Shamrock? | Growing from Seed | Transplanting | Indoor Care | Outdoor Care | Seed Storage | Dorment | Repot 4-Leaf Clover | 4-Leaf Clover Seed? | 4-Leaf Clover and Luck | What do the 4 leaves symbolize? | See more Customs and Cultures [PAR] We don't sell the seed packets here at LollySmith. A lot of interesting stories and ideas involving the Shamrock have come to us from customers and friends over the years. We thought we would share them with you! [PAR] The Shamrock: a 3-Leaf Clover, is Ireland's most recognized National Symbol. Here are some interesting facts about the [PAR] In the 5th century when St. Patrick came to convert the Irish information on Christianity could only be spread across the realm from one storyteller, or seancha\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, pronounced shan-a-key to the other. [PAR] In mind of this, St. Patrick used the Shamrock to explain the concept of the holy trinity - that God was composed of three entities - the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit - yet each entity was part of the other just like the shamrock has three leaves but a single stem. [PAR] As St. Patrick continued to use the Shamrock in his conversion of the Irish it grew, through storytelling to be seen as a holy plant, just as he was seen as a holy man. [PAR] It is for this reason that the Shamrock is worn on the St. Patrick\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds day and all other special occasions to celebrate his work and to bring 'a bit o'luck' to the Irish and all their children wherever they may be. [PAR] Before the arrival of the Christians to Ireland the plant was sacred to the Irish Druids because the three leaves formed a triad. [PAR] The word shamrock comes from the Irish word seamr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdg or seamair \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdg, meaning \"little clover\". [PAR] The tradition of wearing Shamrock on Saint Patrick's Day can be traced back to the early 1700s. [PAR] For good luck, it's usually included in the bouquet of an Irish bride, and also in the boutonniere of the groom. [PAR] In the 19th century it became a symbol of rebellion and began to be strongly associated with Irish identity. Apparently anyone wearing it risked death by hanging. People even ate the shamrock in times of famine. [PAR] Which is the True Shamrock? Do you know that there is no such thing as a \"Shamrock Plant\"? The word shamrock comes from the Irish word seamrog meaning \"little clover\". However, there are hundreds of varieties of clover. The question is...what is the \"Original Irish Shamrock\"? No one can agree. Here is what some respected authorities have to say: [PAR] \"The true Irish Shamrock, as identified by Nathaniel Colgan c. 1893 is a clover. It is not one of any or many clovers, it is one species, collected from a majority of counties at that time and with the exception of a very few plants, the majority were Trifolium repens or a form of this plant - White clover also known as Dutch Clover\". [PAR] ...'From Ireland' \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Jane Lyons, Dublin, Ireland [PAR] Lesser yellow trefoil (or hop clover) Trifolium Dubium can be found throughout the British Isles. It is an annual plant which grows to 25cm in height, individual yellow flowers are small (around 3 mm)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chilean National Flower: Copihue - Pepe's Chile - Pepe's Chile Chilean National Flower: Copihue - Pepe's Chile - Pepe's Chile [PAR] Get Your Free Weekly Chile Newsletter [PAR] Sign up now and you'll immediately receive Pepe's 14 Tips Other Chile Travel Guides Won't Tell You. [PAR] Get Chile tips, insights, news, facts, and more directly in your inbox. [PAR] First Name: [PAR] Email: [PAR] Chilean National Flower: Copihue [PAR] Unfortunately, I never saw a Copihue, the national flower of Chile, during my stay. This is because I spent most of my time in Santiago and the Copihue is native of southern Chile . As you can see, it is a very beautiful flower: [PAR] According to wikipedia : [PAR] The Copihue (Lapageria rosea), also known as the Chilean Bellflower and Chilean Glory Flower, is the national flower of Chile. It grows in forests in the southern part of Chile and Argentina\u2026 It is an evergreen climbing plant reaching up to 10 [meters] high among shrubs and trees. The flowers are red, with six petals; the fruit is an edible berry with numerous small seeds. In the wild the plant is pollinated by hummingbirds. [PAR] Picture by Andres Otarola and presented under Creative Commons . [PAR] Posted September 7th, 2006 in Culture . [PAR] Going to Chile? This newsletter will help... [PAR] What to expect when you get to Chile [PAR] How to survive the Chilean culture [PAR] Tips to get the most from your trip [PAR] Sign up now and get your FREE copy of \"14 Tips Other Chile Travel Guides Won't Tell You\" [PAR] Your Name:[DOC] [TLE] copihue (Chilean bellflower) - National Flower of Chile copihue (Chilean bellflower) - National Flower of Chile [PAR] Chile National Flower - Copihue (Chilean bellflower) [PAR] Copihue, popularly called as Chilean bellflower, is the national flower of Chile. [PAR] Its scientific name is Lapageria rosea. [PAR] It grows in forests in the temperate rain forests of southern Chile. [PAR] The flowers have six thick, waxy tepals which are red, spotted with white. [PAR] It is an evergreen climbing plant reaching over 10 m high. [PAR] The vines twine counterclockwise in the Southern hemisphere and clockwise when grown in the Northern hemisphere [PAR] The plant was introduced to Europe by William Lobb during his plant collecting expedition to the Valdivian temperate rain forests in 1845. [PAR] Chile National Flower - Copihue (Chilean bellflower)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US History- History of Rock and Roll America Rocks and Rolls [ushistory.org] [PAR] 53d. America Rocks and Rolls [PAR] The prosperity of the '50s allowed teenagers to spend money on records by their favorite bands and singers. [PAR] Rock and roll was everything the suburban 1950s were not. While parents of the decade were listening to Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, and big bands, their children were moving to a new beat. [PAR] In fact, to the horror of the older generation, their children were twisting, thrusting, bumping, and grinding to the sounds of rock and roll. [PAR] This generation of youth was much larger than any in recent memory, and the prosperity of the era gave them money to spend on records and phonographs. By the end of the decade, the phenomenon of rock and roll helped define the difference between youth and adulthood. [PAR] The Roots of Rock [PAR] Alan Freed, the Cleveland disc jockey credited with coining the phrase \"rock and roll,\" was the master of ceremonies at many of the first rock concerts, including his 1955 Easter Jubilee. [PAR] The roots of rock and roll lay in African American blues and gospel. As the Great Migration brought many African Americans to the cities of the north, the sounds of rhythm and blues attracted suburban teens. Due to segregation and racist attitudes, however, none of the greatest artists of the genre could get much airplay. [PAR] Disc jockey Alan Freed began a rhythm-and-blues show on a Cleveland radio station. Soon the audience grew and grew, and Freed coined the term \"rock and roll.\" [PAR] Early attempts by white artists to cover R&B songs resulted in weaker renditions that bled the heart and soul out of the originals. Record producers saw the market potential and began to search for a white artist who could capture the African American sound. [PAR] Chuck Berry's songs about girls and cars hit a nerve with American teens and sent his star rising high in the early days of rock and roll. [PAR] Sam Phillips, a Memphis record producer, found the answer in Elvis Presley. With a deep Southern sound, pouty lips, and gyrating hips, Elvis took an old style and made it his own. [PAR] From Memphis, the sound spread to other cities, and demand for Elvis records skyrocketed. Within two years, Elvis was the most popular name in the entertainment business. [PAR] After the door to rock and roll acceptance was opened, African American performers such as Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, and Little Richard began to enjoy broad success, as well. White performers such as Buddy Holly and Jerry Lee Lewis also found artistic freedom and commercial success. [PAR] Satan's Music [PAR] Elvis Presley brought rock-and-roll music to the masses during the 1950s with hits such as \"Love Me Tender\" and \"Heartbreak Hotel.\" [PAR] Rock and roll sent shockwaves across America. A generation of young teenagers collectively rebelled against the music their parents loved. In general, the older generation loathed rock and roll. Appalled by the new styles of dance the movement evoked, churches proclaimed it Satan's music. [PAR] Because rock and roll originated among the lower classes and a segregated ethnic group, many middle-class whites thought it was tasteless. Rock and roll records were banned from many radio stations and hundreds of schools. [PAR] But the masses spoke louder. When Elvis appeared on TV's The Ed Sullivan Show, the show's ratings soared. [PAR] Rock and roll is the most brutal, ugly, degenerate, vicious form of expression \u2014 lewd, sly, in plain fact, dirty \u2014 a rancid-smelling aphrodisiac and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Java Trench | Indian Ocean | Britannica.com Java Trench | Indian Ocean | Britannica.com [PAR] Indian Ocean [PAR] Alternative Title: Sunda Double Trench [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Kuril Trench [PAR] Java Trench, also called Sunda Double Trench, deep submarine depression in the eastern Indian Ocean that extends some 2,000 miles (3,200 km) in a northwest-southeast arc along the southwestern and southern Indonesian archipelago. It is located about 190 miles (305 km) off the southwestern coasts of the islands of Sumatra and Java , stretching eastward south of the western Lesser Sunda Islands . To the northwest the trench merges with a system of islands and continental shelves that eventually extend into the Ganges River delta. For about half its length, off of Sumatra, it is divided into two parallel troughs by an underwater ridge, and much of the trench is at least partially filled with sediments. Its slopes exceed 10\u00b0 and descend to a maximum depth of 24,440 feet (7,450 metres), the deepest point in the Indian Ocean. [PAR] The Java Trench constitutes an extensive subduction zone , where the seafloor of the tectonic plate to the west is being forced under the stable plate to the east (there represented by the Sunda Shelf and the Sunda Island arc). It is an active volcanic and seismic zone. In 2004 a massive undersea earthquake (magnitude 9.1) centred off northwestern Sumatra at the northern limit of the trench displaced a section of the fault zone stretching northward for more than 600 miles (1,000 km). This triggered a large tsunami that inundated coastal areas throughout the Indian Ocean region and caused widespread death and destruction. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Java Trench | Article about Java Trench by The Free Dictionary Java Trench | Article about Java Trench by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Java Trench | Article about Java Trench by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Java+Trench [PAR] Related to Java Trench: Mariana Trench , South Sandwich Trench [PAR] Java Trench [PAR] [PAR] (also Sunda Trench), a deep trench in the eastern part of the Indian Ocean. The Java Trench extends from the base of the continental slope of Burma (about 18\u00b0N lat.) along the underwater slopes of the Andaman, Nicobar, and Greater Sunda islands for a distance of about 2,900 km. The trench floor, which is narrow in the east, reaches a maximum depth of 7,130 m (7,209 m or 7,450 m according to soundings taken south of Java)\u2014the greatest depth in the Indian Ocean. In the northern and central parts, the trench floor has a width of about 35 km and is leveled by a layer of sediment whose thickness reaches 3 km in the north. The sediments are terrigenous silts with a large admixture of volcanic material."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 - Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Jr. - Biography [PAR] Martin Luther King Jr. [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 [PAR] Martin Luther King Jr. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Martin Luther King Jr. - Biography [PAR] Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family's long tenure as pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the degree in 1955. In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family. [PAR] See Also [PAR] Post a message! [PAR] In 1954, Martin Luther King became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race, King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed, he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the first rank. [PAR] In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. The ideals for this organization he took from Christianity; its operational techniques from Gandhi. In the eleven-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. In these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama, that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. and inspiring his \"Letter from a Birmingham Jail\", a manifesto of the Negro revolution; he planned the drives in Alabama for the registration of Negroes as voters; he directed the peaceful march on Washington, D.C., of 250,000 people to whom he delivered his address, \"l Have a Dream\", he conferred with President John F. Kennedy and campaigned for President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was arrested upwards of twenty times and assaulted at least four times; he was awarded five honorary degrees; was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morning Star - Universe Today Morning Star - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] [/caption] [PAR] If you look to the morning sky \u2013 to the east that is, as the sun\u2019s rising \u2013 you will notice a bright star in the firmament, one that should not be there. Theoretically, stars only come out at night and should be well on their way to bed by the time the sun rises, correct? Well, that\u2019s because the Morning Star, as it\u2019s known, isn\u2019t a star at all, but the planet Venus. It is both the morning and evening star, the former when it appears in the east during sunrise and the latter when it appears in the west during sunset. Because of its unique nature and appearance in the sky, this \u201cstar\u201d has figured prominently in the mythologies of many cultures. [PAR] In ancient Sumerian mythology, it was named Inanna (Babylonian Ishtar), the name given to the goddess of love and personification of womanhood. The Ancient Egyptians believed Venus to be two separate bodies and knew the morning star as Tioumoutiri and the evening star as Ouaiti. Likewise, believing Venus to be two bodies, the Ancient Greeks called the morning star Phosphoros (or Eosphoros) the \u201cBringer of Light\u201d (or \u201cBringer of Dawn\u201d) and the evening star they called Hesperos (\u201cstar of the evening\u201d). By Hellenistic times, they had realized the two were the same planet, which they named after their goddess of love, Aphrodite. The Phoenicians, never ones to be left out where astronomy and mythology were concerned, named it Astarte, after their own goddess of fertility. In Iranian mythology, especially in Persian mythology, the planet usually corresponds to the goddess Anahita, and sometimes AredviSura, the goddesses of fertility and rivers respectively. Mirroring the ancient Greeks, they initially believed the planet to be two separate objects, but soon realized they were one. [PAR] The Romans, who derived much of their religious pantheon from the Greek tradition and near Eastern tradition, maintained this trend by naming the planet Venus after their goddess of love. Later, the name Lucifer, the \u201cbringer of light\u201d, would emerge as a Latinized form of Phosphoros (from which we also get the words phosphorus and phosphorescence). This would prove influential to Christians during the Middle Ages who used it to identify the devil. Medieval Christians thusly came to identify the Morningstar with evil, being somewhat more concerned with sin and vice than fertility and love! However, the identification of the Morningstar as a symbol of fertility and womanhood remains entrenched, best demonstrated by the fact that the astronomical symbol for Venus happens to be the same as the one used in biology for the female sex: a circle with a small cross beneath. [PAR] The Morningstar also figures prominently in the mythology of countless other cultures, including the Mayans, Aborigines, and Maasai people of Kenya. To all of these cultures, the Morningstar still serves as an important spiritual, agricultural and astrological role. To the Chinese, Japanese, Koreans and Vietnamese, she is known literally as the \u201cmetal star\u201d, based on the Five Elements. [PAR] We have written many articles about the Morning Star for Universe Today. Here\u2019s an article about how to find Venus in the sky , and here\u2019s an article about the brightest planet . [PAR] If you\u2019d like more information on the Morning Star, check out Hubblesite\u2019s News Releases about Venus , and here\u2019s a link to NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide on Venus . [PAR] We\u2019ve also recorded an entire episode of Astronomy Cast all about Venus. Listen here,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jeremy Thorpe - obituary - Telegraph Jeremy Thorpe - obituary - Telegraph [PAR] Obituaries [PAR] Jeremy Thorpe - obituary [PAR] Jeremy Thorpe was a charismatic leader of the Liberal Party who fell from grace in one of the most spectacular political scandals of the 20th century [PAR] Thorpe outside the House of Commons after being elected the new leader of the Liberal Party in 1967 Photo: GETTY/HULTONARCHIVE [PAR] 6:02PM GMT 04 Dec 2014 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Jeremy Thorpe, the former leader of the Liberal Party who has died aged 85, suffered a fall unparalleled in British political history when a long-drawn-out chain of scandal dragged him into the dock at the Old Bailey, charged with conspiracy and incitement to murder. [PAR] For once the clich\u00e9 \u201ctrial of the century\u201d did not seem misplaced. Thorpe had been a sparkling and successful politician who had come tantalisingly close to realising the Liberals\u2019 dream of holding the balance of power. In 1974, indeed, he was invited by the prime minister, Edward Heath \u2014 whom he had once described as \u201ca plum pudding around whom no one knew how to light the brandy\u201d \u2014 to lead his party into coalition with the Conservatives; he himself was offered the post of foreign secretary. [PAR] It was understandable, therefore, that five years later, at Thorpe\u2019s trial, even prosecuting counsel should have spoken of a \u201ctragedy of truly Greek and Shakespearean proportions\u201d. Tragedy, however, is a large word, implying the destruction, if not necessarily of virtue, at least of some outstanding merit. Only in the context of a man\u2019s entire life can its just application be decided. [PAR] John Jeremy Thorpe was born on April 29 1929 into a highly political family. He would claim descent from Sir Robert de Thorpe, who was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1356 and Chancellor in 1371. [PAR] More to the point, both of Thorpe\u2019s parents were staunch Conservatives. His father John Thorpe, born in Cork, was a KC and, for a few years after the First World War, MP for Rusholme in Manchester. His mother was the daughter of Sir John Norton-Griffiths, 1st Bt, another Conservative MP and one who gloried in the epithet \u201cEmpire Jack\u201d \u2014 even if he owed his baronetcy to Lloyd George. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Jeremy Thorpe scandal: New claims over plot to murder Norman Scott [PAR] 07 Dec 2014 [PAR] Jeremy Thorpe, however, thought of himself as \u201cthree-quarters Celt\u201d; and in keeping with this bias, it was from his mother\u2019s friend Lady Megan Lloyd George that, rather to Mrs Thorpe\u2019s disapproval, he imbibed a romantic attachment to Liberalism. [PAR] The boy had two sisters, both older; he was brought up as the cynosure of his parents\u2019 eyes. \u201cIt never occurred to him,\u201d his mother remarked of his early days in Kensington, \u201cthat anybody might not be glad to see him.\u201d [PAR] Young Jeremy adored his father, but it was his mother who exerted the most powerful influence. A formidable woman, who affected an eyeglass, Ursula Thorpe nursed the highest ambitions for her son. \u201cThat monocle!\u201d Thorpe recalled in later life. \u201cWe were all frightened of her. I have overcome the domination, and I am damn well not going to be dominated again.\u201d [PAR] Thorpe was only six when tubercular glands were diagnosed in his stomach. For seven months he had to lie on his back in a spinal carriage; he suffered back pains for the rest of his life. [PAR] The Second World War caused a hiatus in what promised to be a conventional English education. In 1940"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to wear the kilt - Kilts | Scottish Tartans Authority Kilts | Scottish Tartans Authority [PAR] How to wear the kilt [PAR] based on an article by Harry Lindley [PAR] The late Harry Lindley was a legendary figure in the world of tartan. As a Director of the long established (1868) Edinburgh firm of Kinloch Anderson - Royal Warrant holders for Tailoring and Kiltmaking to HM The Queen, HRH The Duke of Edinburgh and HRH The Prince of Wales - he was special adviser on Highland dress to the Royal Family. If one wanted to know how to dress 'properly', one asked Harry! Since he wrote this article in 1989, dress codes have not changed a great deal but a touch of informality has certainly appeared and we have added our own comments here and there in Harry's article. [PAR] The most important thing to remember when wearing Highland evening dress is that it represents a proud heritage and a proud people. Whilst one can take certain sartorial liberties, they should not be so outrageous as to offend more conventional guests! Harry would not have been so indelicate as to discuss the music hall joke of what was worn under the kilt. (\"Nothing is worn under the kilt Madam - it's all in perfect working order!). It is however the perennial question and the answer is to be found at Under the Kilt at the end of this article. [PAR] The style of today is a development and modification of the ancient garb, which still retains all its essential features. Yet this modern style differs even from the Highland dress of 60 years ago, just as the ordinary dress has altered during a similar period, and it reflects the changing taste and practical conditions of the 20th century. [PAR] [PAR] Although the modern Highland dress is essentially up to date, it still reflects the Scottish character in that it is susceptible to modification to individual tastes and clan traditions in a manner not found in other modern male attire. This, however, involves the necessity of expert advice, combining of modern skill with knowledge of both past tradition and present tendencies, in order to prevent the anachronisms and travesties still occasionally met with, or where outfits have been acquired from sources not in touch with the great Scottish families around which centres the Scottish clan system and its customs. [PAR] Basically the costume for civilian wear may also be said not to have altered since the 18th century. Yet, in matters of detail, each generation has introduced modifications, and even modern fashions have appropriately exerted their influences, though curiously enough, they have in matters of Highland dress in many ways lead to rediscovery of both the practical and artistic advantages of the older Scottish styles which, during the 19 century, had tended to become more oppressive in cut and decoration. As an example of minor changes in taste, the sporran of an all-white goat hair, almost universally the fashion during the Victorian age, has to a great extent given place to a smaller sporran of sealskin, often elaborately decorated with pierced and engraved silver mountings. [PAR] In recent years the tendency has been for coats worn with the kilt to be designed with greater simplicity, both for day and evening wear, and to concentrate rather on the cut and lines than on braid and decorations. The taste however, varies noticeably in different clans and districts, and those favoured in the north and west are usually of more elaborate style. In many cases the demand for lightness has led"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] pascal (Pa) | unit of energy measurement | Britannica.com pascal (Pa) | unit of energy measurement | Britannica.com [PAR] unit of energy measurement [PAR] hour [PAR] Pascal (Pa), unit of pressure in the metre-kilogram-second system. (See the International System of Units .) It was named in honour of the French mathematician-physicist Blaise Pascal (1623\u201362). A pascal is a pressure of one newton per square metre; this unit is inconveniently small for many purposes, and the kilopascal (kPa) of 1,000 newtons per square metre is more commonly used. For example, standard atmospheric pressure is defined as 101.325 kPa. (For comparison, one pound per square inch equals 6.895 kPa.) [PAR] A pressure gauge reading in kilopascals (shown in black) and pounds per square inch (shown in red). [PAR] leapingllamas [PAR] Blaise Pascal [PAR] June 19, 1623 Clermont-Ferrand, France August 19, 1662 Paris French mathematician, physicist, religious philosopher, and master of prose. He laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities, formulated what came to be known as Pascal\u2019s principle of pressure, and propagated a... [PAR] newton [PAR] the absolute unit of force in the International System of Units (SI units). It is defined as that force necessary to provide a mass of one kilogram with an acceleration of one metre per second per second. One newton is equal to a force of 100,000 dynes in the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system, or... [PAR] 3 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] sound-wave amplitude (in sound: Mathematical values ) [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: August 07, 2014 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/science/pascal-unit-of-energy-measurement [PAR] Access Date: January 20, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] kilopascal | unit of measurement | Britannica.com kilopascal | unit of measurement | Britannica.com [PAR] unit of measurement [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Alternative Title: kPa [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in pascal (Pa) [PAR] ...in honour of the French mathematician-physicist Blaise Pascal (1623\u201362). A pascal is a pressure of one newton per square metre; this unit is inconveniently small"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Father Noel Furlong - Father Ted (UK) Characters - ShareTV Father Noel Furlong - Father Ted (UK) Characters - ShareTV [PAR] Father Noel Furlong [PAR] Graham William Walker, known by his stage name Graham Norton (born 4 April 1963), is an Irish comic presenter. ... [PAR] Character Bio [PAR] Father Noel is a very annoying and hyperactive priest whom Ted and Dougal hate spending time with. He runs the St. Luke's Youth Group and is first encountered during Ted's abortive caravaning holiday in \"Hell\". Here he invades the peaceful surroundings of the priests' rented caravan and keeps them awake at night, singing songs (\" The Whole of the Moon \" and \" Dirty Old Town \") and expressing his desire to tell ghost stories at six o' clock in the morning. He regales the helpless Ted and Dougal with tales of how members of the youth group have a habit of turning in \"late\" (\"ten past the eleven\") and succeeds in driving them out of their holiday home, which he then proceeds to tip over after having himself and the youth group perform a Riverdance routine inside it. [PAR] Father Noel turns up again in \"Flight into Terror\" leading Father Fay and Dougal into the cockpit of a plane. While there he inadvertently causes disaster when he allows Father Fay, who doesn't know he's a priest, to see his reflection. Father Fay goes mad and jumps on the pilot sending the plane out of its path. The pilot screams at the watching Dougal to press the emergency button. The bumbling priest then presses the wrong button. This grave error results in one of the fuel tanks being emptied. [PAR] Noel's boundless energy results in him getting his group lost in the \"Very Dark Caves\" in \" The Mainland \", and, after performing a rendition of Bohemian Rhapsody , his attempts to start a \"screeching competition\" cause him to be crushed by falling rocks. His very last scene features him under the rocks with his hand sticking out, still in a very happy mood. His youth group then abandon him and head to Paraguay on Aer Lingus flights. Ted told an apparent rescue service man to save Noel, but the man turned out actually to be an uninterested dustman. In the short scene after the credits, Noel is still under the rocks, clicking his fingers and singing \" Fat Bottomed Girls \". [PAR] Linehan stated that he believed Noel to be asexual. [PAR] Episode Screenshots"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Between the Pillars: Revisiting \"Samson and the House of ... Between the Pillars: Revisiting \"Samson and the House of Dagon\" [PAR] Between the Pillars: Revisiting \"Samson and the House of Dagon\" [PAR] Non-Technical - Jul 24, 2008 - by John Roskoski PhD [PAR] Share/recommend this article: [PAR] Excerpt The historicity of this heroic account has been long debated among scholars. Indeed, many scholars seem hesitant to comment on the historicity of the Samson narratives at all. From the scholarly debate over the destruction of the Gaza temple two diametrically opposed viewpoints have emerged... Continue reading [PAR] Explore [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] The Genesis Philistines The Philistines we encounter in the books of Judges and 1 and 2 Samuel are well known to us. However... The Ultimate Sign: Isaiah 7 In Isaiah chapter 7, God demonstrates His faithfulness to a promise that He made with King David con... Temple Found in Philistine City of Gath Archaeologists have uncovered a Philistine temple and evidence of a major earthquake in biblical tim... [PAR] Tags [PAR] Support [PAR] Like this artice? [PAR] Our Ministry relies on the generosity of people like you. Every small donation helps us develop and publish great articles. [PAR] Please support ABR! [PAR] This article was first published in the Winter 2005 issue of Bible and Spade. [PAR] The Biblical tableau of Samson\u2019s death in the house of the Philistine god Dagon in Gaza is familiar to the scholar and the casual reader of the Bible alike. The components of the scene are the Philistine crowd cheering at the capture of Samson, the proud Philistine lords who have come to witness the death of their enemy, and a blinded and battered Samson standing between the main pillars of the temple. In the midst of this chaotic scene Samson utters a prayer to YHWH to be remembered and strengthened so to avenge himself upon his enemies. Knowing full well that this last stand against the Philistines will cost him his life, Samson dislodges the pillars, thereby collapsing the temple upon all who were in it (Jgs 16:23\u201330). [PAR] The State of the Question [PAR] The historicity of this heroic account has been long debated among scholars. Indeed, many scholars seem hesitant to comment on the historicity of the Samson narratives at all. From the scholarly debate over the destruction of the Gaza temple two diametrically opposed viewpoints have emerged. John L. McKenzie typifies the first viewpoint. Always a detractor of Samson, McKenzie argues that: [PAR] the historical quality of heroic tales is always low. This is easy to see in Samson. A palace or temple which could support several thousand people on its roof supported by two central pillars separated by an arm\u2019s length never existed\u2026The world in which Samson lives is real, even if his feats of strength are not (1979: 229\u201330). [PAR] In other words, McKenzie sees the stories of Samson\u2019s immense power as highly exaggerated popular tales. These tales were circulated during the time of Philistine domination of Israel during the settlement period of Israel. The stories of the strength of Samson were meant to have been a source of religious hope for Israel and to bolster their waning national spirit. [PAR] On the other hand, Dr. Bryant G. Wood advocates an opposing theory. He points out that during a 1972 excavation the first Philistine temple ever to be found was brought to light at Tell Qasile, on the north side of Tell Aviv. This temple is comprised of an antechamber and main hall. According to Wood, \u201cthis hall, with inside measurements of 18 1/2 feet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Domingo Liotta - International Foundation - Medical Corp. Domingo Liotta - International Foundation - Medical Corp. [PAR] > [PAR] [PAR] First implantation in the History of Medicine with Denton A. Cooley. Houston, Texas USA (4th April, 1969) [PAR] > [PAR] Original prototype in the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC. [PAR] Background in Cardiovascular Specialization [PAR] 1956-59 [PAR] [PAR] Foreign Assistant \u2013 University of Lyon. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Professor Paul Santy and Pierre Marion. [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Observer \u2013 University of Paris Department of Professor Charles Dubost [PAR] 1960 [PAR] Observer \u2013 Cleveland Clinic. Department of Donald Effler and Artificial Organs Department, Dr. Willem J. Kolff [PAR] 1961-64 [PAR] [PAR] Fellow Baylor University College of Medicine. Department of Surgery Drs. M.E. DeBakey ; D.A.Cooley ; E.S. Crawford and G.C. Morris. [PAR] 1962-64 [PAR] Advanced Fellowship in Cardiovascular Research. American Heart Association. [PAR] 1964-69 [PAR] Assistant Professor of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor University [PAR] [PAR] College of Medicine. Working in the following hospitals: [PAR] [PAR] (Methodist, St. Luke\u2019s, and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital. Houston, Texas. [PAR] 1969-71 [PAR] Cardiothoracic Surgeon \u2013 Sharpstown General Hospital, Houston, Texas. [PAR] 1970-71 [PAR] Chief of Surgical Clinic National Institute of Thoracic Diseases. [PAR] [PAR] University of Madrid. National General Direction of Health. Spain [PAR] 1971-74 [PAR] [PAR] Director of the Municipal Cardiovascular Surgery School- Carlos Durand Hospital. Town Hall of Buenos Aires City. Argentina. [PAR] 1971-72 [PAR] Cardiovascular Surgeon \u2013 Cardiovascular Surgery Department [PAR] [PAR] Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina [PAR] 1972-90 [PAR] Surgeon-in-Chief. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery [PAR] [PAR] Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina. [PAR] 1983-90 [PAR] Surgeon -in- Chief \u2013 San Camilo Clinic Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery \u2013 Buenos Aires, Argentina [PAR] 1991-94 [PAR] Surgeon-in-Chief. Institute of Cardiovascular Clinics, Buenos Aires, Argentina [PAR] 1998 [PAR] Surgeon-in-Chief. Dupuytren Cardiovascular Center. Buenos Aires, Argentina [PAR] 1998 [PAR] Surgeon-in-Chief. Quilmes Private Hospital. Buenos Aires, Argentina [PAR] 1998 [PAR] [PAR] Full Professor Extraordinary Chair of Clinical Anatomy.Cardiovascular Anatomy and Surgery. Faculty of Medicine \u2013 University of Moron [PAR] [PAR] April 21st. 1966 Dr. Michael E. DeBakey and at his right Dr. Domingo Liotta, during the clinical implantation of a Para corporeal Assisted Cardiocirculatory Device, at the Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA [PAR] General Surgery Hospital work in Argentina [PAR] 1949-60 [PAR] Assistant Surgeon \u2013 Chief of Surgical Clinic, [PAR] 1953-55 [PAR] National University of C\u00f3rdoba \u2013 Chair of Surgical Clinic, [PAR] Prof. Pablo L. Mirizzi [PAR] Clinical Investigator in the Chair of Surgical Clinic [PAR] 1953 [PAR] [PAR] Thesis for the Doctor in Medicine and Surgery Degree: \u201cBiliary Tract, three-dimensional anatomy\u201d; Thesis Sponsor: Prof. Pablo L. Mirizzi, qualification: With Honors (summa cum laude). [PAR] 1955 [PAR] [PAR] Creator of the Hypotonic duodenography method for the early diagnosis of the tumors of the pancreas and the ampulla of Water. [PAR] 1963-69 [PAR] [PAR] Baylor University College of Medicine \u2013 Houston, Texas USA. [PAR] Co-Director of the Artificial Heart Program. Baylor University College of Medicine. The co-direction shared with Prof. Michael E. DeBakey, MD. [PAR] 1969-71 [PAR] Chief of Clinical Surgical Research. Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas. [PAR] 1970-71 [PAR] Chief of Clinical Surgical Research. Institute of Thoracic Diseases University of Madrid- Spain. [PAR] 1983 [PAR] Secretary General \u2013 International Council for Clinical Research on Mechanical Circulation. [PAR] 1991-94 [PAR] [PAR] Chief of the Clinical Research Department of Cardiovascular Surgery \u2013 Institute of Cardiovascular Clinic \u2013 Buenos Aires \u2013 Argentina. [PAR] 1991 [PAR] [PAR] National Director of the National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Procoar Program: Research on cardiac prosthesis for the treatment of advanced heart failure. [PAR] 1992 [PAR] Professor of Cardiovascular Surgery, School"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love, Honour & Obey (2000) Film Trailer [US version ... Love, Honour & Obey (2000) Film Trailer [US version] - Video by Seerofvisions \u2665\u2764 - YouTube [PAR] Love, Honour & Obey (2000) Film Trailer [US version] - Video by Seerofvisions \u2665\u2764 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 29, 2014 [PAR] Love, Honour and Obey is a 2000 mock gangster film starring several members of the Primrose Hill set. It was jointly written and directed by Dominic Anciano and Ray Burdis (who also appear in the film) as a follow-up to their 1998 film Final Cut. [PAR] STARRNG: Sadie Frost, Ray Winstone, Johnny Lee Miller, Jude Law, Kathy Burke, Rhys Ifans, Laila Morse, Sean Pertwee, Denise Van Outen [PAR] The film also features a cameo appearance from former East London boxer turned comedian, Ricky Grover. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love,_H... [PAR] Classification: UK:18 / USA:R for strong violence, sexuality, language and some drug content. [PAR] Also Known As (AKA):[DOC] [TLE] love honour and obey : definition of love honour and obey ... love honour and obey : definition of love honour and obey and synonyms of love honour and obey (English) [PAR] Language [PAR] English [PAR] Love, Honour and Obey is a 2000 mock gangster film starring several members of the Primrose Hill set . It was jointly written and directed by Dominic Anciano and Ray Burdis (who also appear in the film) as a follow-up to their 1998 film Final Cut . Both this film and Final Cut have the same trademark of giving the cast the same Christian name as the actors who play them - of the sixteen main characters, only Matthew ( Rhys Ifans ) and Maureen ( Denise van Outen ) do not share this trait. The film also features a cameo appearance from former East London boxer turned comedian, Ricky Grover . [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Jonny ( Jonny Lee Miller ) is working as a courier and becoming increasingly dissatisfied with his life. He asks long-running school friend Jude ( Jude Law ) to help him into the North London criminal gang run by his uncle Ray ( Ray Winstone ). As Jonny gets more involved in the image of the criminal world, he starts making mistakes and through a mutual dislike for rival gangster Matthew ( Rhys Ifans ) inadvertently starts a war with the South London mob, headed up by Sean ( Sean Pertwee ). [PAR] Cast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Front Door Of No 10 Downing Street - UKAA The Front Door Of No 10 Downing Street [PAR] The Front Door Of No 10 Downing Street [PAR] The front door is simply the most famous in the world. [PAR] Behind it lays a world of history and secrets, but the door can tell an interesting tale itself. For one thing, it has not always been black. During the early 20th century it was actually painted green. The original Number 10 door is a centrepiece of the Churchill museum in London. It was replaced with two identical doors that are swapped over whenever they need a spot of maintenance. The famous lion's head doorknocker and the brass letterbox date back to the 1770s. The letterbox is inscribed 'First Lord of the Treasury', the title held by every Prime Minister since Sir Robert Walpole. The '0' in the number 10 is painted at an angle as a nod to the original door, which had a badly-fixed zero, although some people think the '0' was painted at angle to replicate the Roman style."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Briksdal Glacier, Norway - Firebird City Guides Briksdal Glacier, Norway [PAR] Briksdal Glacier, Norway [PAR] Snow, ice, cold water and thousands of years brought the largest glacier on the European mainland - Jostedal Glacier into the world. [PAR] People from different countries and cities come to see the most accessible arm of the glacier called Briksdal Glacier which is a majestic example of what our nature is capable of creating. [PAR] Briksdal is set attractively between roaring waterfalls and high peaks in Jostedalsbreen National Park. The park itself is considered to be one the most frequently visited tourist attractions in Norway, encompassing one of the largest wilderness areas in the southern part of the country. [PAR] Gushing streams, rivers and waterfalls cascading down steep mountain sides or deep down in the valleys are the things you don\u2019t want to miss out on! [PAR] You are here"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Rush - Mr. Men Wiki - Wikia Mr. Rush | Mr. Men Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Story [PAR] Mr. Rush in the Mr. Men books [PAR] Mr. Rush is always in a rush. He never does anything properly. He is in such a rush he has a terrible breakfast (toast not toasted, water cold), only brushes one tooth, and runs out of the house to go nowhere. He sees an ad for a vacation in a magazine but can't go away because he has no money, so he wants a job to make money. Being a bus driver isn't good, because he doesn't stop at any of the stops, being a waiter isn't good because he'd whisk away the food as soon as he brought it. The job he finds is as a postman delivering express letters, the best job for the fastest thing on two feet. He saves enough money and goes on vacation. [PAR] International publications & translations [PAR] This is a list of alternate titles for this book being published internationally. [PAR] Monsieur Press\u00e9 (French) [PAR] Unser Herr Eilig (German) [PAR] Trivia [PAR] It is possible if his book was the reason why they put Mr. Nosey and Mr. Small together, since they were seen with each other in his story. [PAR] In one episode of Mr. Men and Little Miss, Miss Chatterbox said that he is a distant cousin of Mr. Busy and himself related to Mr. Fussy. [PAR] He might have made a cameo in Boats [PAR] Counterparts [PAR] Sonic the Hedgehog (Namesake series, both are fast), [PAR] Blaze (Blaze and the Monster Machines, both are fast), [PAR] Zorch (Mixels, both are fast), [PAR] Road Runner (Looney Tunes, Both Are Fast and have purple), [PAR] Swift Heart Rabbit (Care Bears, both are fast), [PAR] Lightning McQueen, (Pixar's Cars, both are very fast), [PAR] The Flash (DC Comics, both are very fast), [PAR] Dash Parr (The Incredibles, both are fast), [PAR] Speed Racer Sr./Go Mifune and Jr (Speed Racer/Mach GoGoGo series, all three like going fast), [PAR] Quicksilver (X-Men, Marvel Comics, both are fast), [PAR] Blurr (Transformers, both are fast), [PAR] Spencer (Thomas the Tank Engine, both are very fast), [PAR] Waluigi (Mario games, both are purple and wear hats), [PAR] Cheetah (Jambo! Safari, Sega, both move fast), [PAR] Quick Man (Mega Man 2, Capcom, both are very fast), [PAR] Aerobic Al (Horrid Henry, both are athletic and have something yellow on top of their heads), [PAR] Glenn Quagmire (Family Guy, both are fast), [PAR] Speedy Ness (The Family Ness, both are described as fast), [PAR] Speedy Gonzales (Looney Tunes, both are fast), [PAR] Silicon Dreams Studios (since 1999, both rush alot, though SD rushed once), [PAR] Peter Potamus (Hanna Barbera, both are purple and wear yellow hats), [PAR] Homestar Runner (Homestar Runner, both are fast), [PAR] Cheetara (ThunderCats, both can run really fast), [PAR] Zipper Cat (Get-Along Gang, both are athletic), [PAR] Kicking King (Letterland, both are athletic), [PAR] Vince LaSalle (Recess, both are athletic), [PAR] Connor and Caitlin (The Railway Series, all 3 are fast), [PAR] Nigel (The Transporters, both are fast), [PAR] Dill the Dog (The Herbs, both are energetic), [PAR] Billy Whizz (Beano, both are fast), [PAR] Jayneth Tsukei (Dark and Light Elemental Ages from Warlords, both are purple and wears something yellow), [PAR] Rainbow Dash (My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, both are fast), [PAR] Scout (Team Fortress 2, both are fast), [PAR] Gordon (The Railway Series, both are very fast), [PAR] Bertie the Bus (The Railway Series, both are fast), [PAR] Milo (Tweenies, both"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Risky Business (1983) - IMDb Risky Business (1983) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A Chicago teenager is looking for fun at home while his parents are away, but the situation quickly gets out of hand. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 21 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 19 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 16 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Risky Business \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A talented New York City bartender takes a job at a bar in Jamaica and falls in love. [PAR] Director: Roger Donaldson [PAR] As students at the United States Navy's elite fighter weapons school compete to be best in the class, one daring young pilot learns a few things from a civilian instructor that are not taught in the classroom. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] A high school football player desperate for a scholarship and his headstrong coach clash in a dying Pennsylvania steel town. [PAR] Director: Michael Chapman [PAR] A young hot-shot stock car driver gets his chance to compete at the top level. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] Fast Eddie Felson teaches a cocky but immensely talented prot\u00e9g\u00e9 the ropes of pool hustling, which in turn inspires him to make an unlikely comeback. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] When a sports agent has a moral epiphany and is fired for expressing it, he decides to put his new philosophy to the test as an independent with the only athlete who stays with him. [PAR] Director: Cameron Crowe [PAR] A young lawyer joins a prestigious law firm only to discover that it has a sinister dark side. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] The biography of Ron Kovic. Paralyzed in the Vietnam war, he becomes an anti-war and pro-human rights political activist after feeling betrayed by the country he fought for. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] Military cadets take extreme measures to insure the future of their academy when its existence is threatened by local condo developers. [PAR] Director: Harold Becker [PAR] A young man leaves Ireland with his landlord's daughter after some trouble with her father, and they dream of owning land at the big give-away in Oklahoma ca. 1893. When they get to the new... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] The rivalry between two gangs, the poor greasers and the rich Socs, only heats up when one gang member kills a member of the other. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Neo military lawyer Kaffee defends Marines accused of murder; they contend they were acting under orders. [PAR] Director: Rob Reiner [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A suburban Chicago teenager's parents leave on vacation, and he cuts loose. An unauthorised trip in his father's Porsche means a sudden need for lots of money, which he raises in a creative"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wreck of Captain Scott's ship discovered off Greenland ... Wreck of Captain Scott's ship discovered off Greenland - Telegraph [PAR] Robert Falcon Scott [PAR] Wreck of Captain Scott's ship discovered off Greenland [PAR] The SS Terra Nova, which took Captain Scott on his ill-fated mission to the Antarctic, has been found by researchers 70 years after it was sunk. [PAR] [PAR] Scott's ship the SS Terra Nova Photo: THE PONTING COLLECTION [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 3 [PAR] Standing, left to right: Captain Lawrence Oates, Captain Robert Falcon Scott, Petty Officer Edgar Evans; seated, left to right, Lieutenant Henry Bowers and Edward Wilson, at the South Pole [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 3 [PAR] The ship has laid on the sea bed under icy waters for 70 years Photo: Schmidt Ocean Institute [PAR] 4:52PM BST 15 Aug 2012 [PAR] The ship that took Captain Robert Falcon Scott on his ill-fated mission to the Antarctic 100 years ago has been discovered off the coast of Greenland. [PAR] The SS Terra Nova, built in Dundee in 1884, was found by a research company, Schmidt Ocean Institute, when they were testing new equipment on one of their vessels. [PAR] The discovery has amazed experts as the ship had lain on the sea bed under icy waters for 70 years. [PAR] Captain Scott and his team sailed it from Cardiff to the Antarctic in their quest to be the first people to reach the South Pole a century ago. [PAR] They disembarked in November 1911 for the 167-mile trek to the Pole and arrived in January 1912, only to find a Norwegian party led by Roald Amundsen had beaten them to it. Scott\u2019s whole team died on the return trek. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] The horrors of Scott expedition to South Pole [PAR] 19 Jul 2012 [PAR] The Terra Nova was afterwards bought by the Bowring Brothers and in 1913 it returned to the Antarctic to work in the Newfoundland seal fishery. [PAR] During the First World War it was used for coastal trading voyages and in 1942 was chartered by Newfoundland Base Contractors to carry supplies to base stations in Greenland. [PAR] But on September 13, 1943, the vessel was damaged by ice. [PAR] The US Coastguard rescued all 24 crew and then fired bullets into the ship\u2019s side, sinking it just off the south-western tip of Greenland. [PAR] It remained there until the team from the institute began an exploration exercise in the north Atlantic. [PAR] While testing echo sounders from the institute's flagship vessel R/V Falkor, they discovered the wreck of the Terra Nova last month. [PAR] The wooden-hulled barque with one funnel and three masts was known to be in the general area but the exact location was unknown. [PAR] While inspecting an area of the sea bed, survey expert Jonathan Beaudoin, from the University of New Hampshire, noticed an unidentifiable feature. [PAR] He and a colleague, Leighton Rolley, compared it with other shapes on the sea bed and decided to carry out further investigation. [PAR] Using sophisticated technology, the boat-shaped object was measured and its 57m length matched the dimensions of the Terra Nova. [PAR] After analysing data from acoustic tests, the team sent down a camera for a closer look and the pictures showed a wooden wreck lying on the sea bed. [PAR] The camera footage also identified the funnel of the vessel next to the wreck. [PAR] The team compared the image of the funnel with historic photographs of the SS Terra Nova and their observations confirmed the identity of the ship. [PAR] Mr Rolley,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Scotland's History - The Battle of Bannockburn BBC - Scotland's History - The Battle of Bannockburn [PAR] Scotland's History Articles The Battle of Bannockburn, 1314 [PAR] The Battle of Bannockburn, 1314 [PAR] The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. You may wish to download the Adobe Flash player . [PAR] Bannockburn. If there is a fact every Scot knows, it is who won the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314; although it did not bring outright victory in the war, which lay 14 years in the future and would only be won at the negotiating table. [PAR] The victory was a combination of Bruce's demand of 1313: that all of the remaining Balliol supporters acknowledge his kingship or forfeit their estates, and the imminent surrender of the English garrison encircled in Stirling castle \u2013 which spurred Edward II to invade Scotland. [PAR] He mobilised a massive military machine: summoning 2,000 horse and 25,000 infantry from England, Ireland and Wales. Although probably only half the infantry turned up, it was by far the largest English army ever to invade Scotland. [PAR] The Scots common army numbered around 6000, with a small contingent on horseback. It was divided into three \"divisions\" or schiltroms (massive spear formations), led by King Robert Bruce, his brother, Edward, and his nephew, Sir Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray. After eight years of successful guerrilla warfare and plundering the north of England for booty, the Scots had created an experienced battle-hardened army. [PAR] In June 1314, Edward II crossed the border only to find the road to Stirling blocked by the Scots army. Bruce had carefully chosen his ground to the south of the castle, where the road ran through the New Park, a royal hunting park. [PAR] To his east lay the natural obstacles of the Bannock and Pelstream burns, along with soft, boggy ground. It seems Bruce planned only to risk a defensive encounter, digging pots (small hidden pits designed to break up a cavalry charge) along the roadway, and keeping the Torwood behind him for easier withdrawal. [PAR] The battle opened with one of the most celebrated individual contests in Scottish history. Sighting a group of Scots withdrawing into the wood, the English vanguard, made up of heavy cavalry, charged. As they clashed with the Scots, an English knight, Sir Henry de Bohun, spotted Robert Bruce. [PAR] If de Bohun had killed or captured Bruce, he would have become a chivalric hero. So, spurring his warhorse to the charge, he lowered his lance and bared down on the king. Bruce, an experienced warrior, didn't panic, but mounted \"ane palfray, litil and joly\" and met the charge. Dodging the lance, he brought his battle axe down on de Bohun's helmet, striking him dead. Elated, the Scots forced the English cavalry to withdraw. [PAR] Two of Edward's experienced commanders, Sir Henry Beaumont and Sir Robert Clifford, attempted to outflank the Scots and cut off their escape route \u2013 very nearly surprising the Scots. At the last moment, however, Thomas Randolph's schiltrom dashed out of the wood and caught the English cavalry by surprise. [PAR] A ferocious melee ensued. Without archers the cavalry found they were unable to get through the dense thicket of Scots spearmen, even resorting to throwing their swords and maces at them, until the Scots pushed them back and forced them into flight. [PAR] The Scots had won the first day. Their morale was high and Bruce's new tactic of using the schiltroms offensively rather than statically, as Wallace had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gulf of St Lawrence - The Canadian Encyclopedia Gulf of St Lawrence - The Canadian Encyclopedia [PAR] email [PAR] MLA 7th Edition [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover \"Gulf of St Lawrence\" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Eds. . Toronto: Historica Canada, 2006. Web. 31 Dec. 2016. [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover \"Gulf of St Lawrence\" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Eds. . Toronto: Historica Canada, 2006. Web. 31 Dec. 2016. [PAR] APA 6th Edition [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover, R. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2006). Gulf of St Lawrence. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover, R. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2006). Gulf of St Lawrence. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ [PAR] Chicago 16th Edition [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. \"Gulf of St Lawrence\" In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada, 1985\u2013. Article published February 7, 2006. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/. [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. \"Gulf of St Lawrence\" In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada, 1985\u2013. Article published February 7, 2006. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/. [PAR] Turabian [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. 2006. Gulf of St Lawrence. The Canadian Encyclopedia http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ (accessed December 31, 2016). [PAR] P.C. Smith And R.J. Conover. 2006. Gulf of St Lawrence. The Canadian Encyclopedia http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gulf-of-st-lawrence/ (accessed December 31, 2016). [PAR] While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [PAR] Updates? Omissions? Article suggestions? We want to hear from you! [PAR] Geography [PAR] Gulf of St Lawrence [PAR] Gulf of St Lawrence, a large (250 000 km2), roughly triangular inland sea receiving on average 10 100 m3/s of fresh water from the St Lawrence River at its northwest apex, is connected to the Atlantic by the Strait of Belle Isle at the northeast and Cabot Strait at the southeast corners. [PAR] The deep Laurentian Channel extends from the St Lawrence estuary near Tadoussac , Qu\u00e9, through the Cabot Strait to the edge of the Continental Shelf. To the south lie the Iles de la Madeleine and Prince Edward Island , with the extensive Magdalen Shallows in between. North of the channel is Ile d' Anticosti . Additional sources of fresh water include the Saguenay River and other north shore rivers, plus smaller amounts from New Brunswick and Newfoundland. [PAR] Much of the runoff is entrained in the Gasp\u00e9 Current, flowing along the south shore of the estuary, out onto the Magdalen Shallows and eventually around the northern tip of Cape Breton Island to form the Nova Scotian Current. The physical and biological effects of this fresh water are detectable as far away as the Gulf of Maine. Newfoundland Shelf water enters the gulf on the eastern side of Cabot Strait, drifts northeast along the west coast of Newfoundland and, coupled with a westerly drift along the north shore, completes a large counterclockwise gyre in the surface circulation. [PAR] Deep inflow of Atlantic water through Cabot Strait compensates for the net outflow of surface waters. Winter cooling and contributions from the Labrador Shelf via Belle Isle Strait result in significant ice cover (and associated navigational hazards) in the gulf for at least 3 months each winter. Economically the gulf, with the St Lawrence River and St. Lawrence Seaway , forms a transportation corridor to the heartland of industrial North America, carries away its waste products, and still yields about one-quarter of Canadian fish landings, both by weight and by value. [PAR] Before European contact, the gulf was frequented by Indigenous peoples, such as the Mi'kmaq , who came seasonally to fish. The"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sherlock Holmes biography | birthday, trivia | Fictional ... Sherlock Holmes biography | birthday, trivia | Fictional Detective | Who2 [PAR] Sherlock Holmes Biography [PAR] Fictional Detective [PAR] [PAR] Sherlock Holmes is the fictional creation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , who wrote about the amazing detective in a series of 60 stories published between 1887 and 1927. [PAR] Sherlock Holmes was famous for his extra-keen powers of observation and deduction, which he used to solve perplexing crimes and mysteries. He operated from his flat at 221b Baker Street in London, assisted by his friend Dr. Watson . The nefarious criminal Professor Moriarty appears as Holmes\u2019s antagonist in some of the tales. [PAR] Sherlock Holmes was an immediate hit in Doyle\u2019s day and has remained so popular that he is sometimes mistaken for a real historical figure. Among the most famous Holmes stories are A Study in Scarlet (the first Sherlock Holmes story, 1887) and The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902). [PAR] Extra credit [PAR] Sherlock Holmes was played by actor Basil Rathbone in a popular series of movies from 1939-46. In the 1980s and 1990s, Holmes was portrayed on television by Jeremy Brett ; Holmes was played by Robert Downey, Jr. in the 2009 action feature film Sherlock Holmes (and a 2011 sequel); and in 2010, the BBC began a modern-day version of the tales with Benedict Cumberbatch as Holmes\u2026 Sherlock Holmes has an older brother, Mycroft, who appears in a few of the stories. Mycroft has powers of deduction which are supposedly even greater than Sherlock\u2019s, but lacks the energy to pursue them\u2026 The Guinness Book of World Records said in 2012 that Sherlock Holmes had been portrayed more times on film and television than any other literary character.[DOC] [TLE] 'Mycroft Holmes' Has His Own Mystery to Solve - GeekDad 'Mycroft Holmes' Has His Own Mystery to Solve - GeekDad [PAR] \u2018Mycroft Holmes\u2019 Has His Own Mystery to Solve [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by James Floyd Kelly \u2022 2 Comments [PAR] I read a lot of Sherlock Holmes fiction that is NOT written by Arthur Conan Doyle. I love canon, but I also enjoy reading contemporary writers who toss The World\u2019s Most Famous Detective into all sorts of new mysteries. I\u2019ve even read stories that pit Holmes and Watson against those chthonic creations of H.P. Lovecraft as well as science fiction versions where Holmes made it to the future via numerous methods\u2013cryogenics, time travel, simulation, and more. I\u2019m not picky, I guess\u2026 as long as there\u2019s a good mystery to solve and the author does a good job of providing the Holmes and Watson that we all know and love, it\u2019s enjoyable to go along for the ride. [PAR] After Holmes and Watson, there are three characters who tend to show up in non-canon mysteries with some frequency\u2013The Woman (Irene Adler), Professor James Moriarty, and Holmes\u2019 older brother, Mycroft Holmes. Again, I\u2019ve read numerous additional tales that included these three individuals (together or separate), including a number of novels that had Moriarty as the primary character, but, up to just a few weeks ago, I\u2019d yet to read a novel that had Mycroft Holmes as the main character. (It\u2019s possible they exist\u2026 I\u2019m just saying I haven\u2019t ever read one. Short stories, yes\u2013novels, no.) [PAR] Well, the novel Mycroft Holmes has arrived, and it\u2019s written by none other than legendary NBA player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Anna Waterhouse. Abdul-Jabbar has long been known as a Sherlock Holmes fan (a Holmesian), and, after finishing the novel, I can tell you that he and Waterhouse have done their homework"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tools & Resources: Ernest Hemingway Glossary | Test Prep ... Tools & Resources: Ernest Hemingway Glossary | Test Prep | CliffsNotes [PAR] Ernest Hemingway Glossary [PAR] abbastanza bene (Italian) rather well. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] Abruzzi a region of central Italy, on the Adriatic Sea. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] absinthe a green, bitter, toxic liqueur made with wormwood oil and anise, now illegal in most countries. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Abyssinia the former name for the country now known as Ethiopia. (The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] Adolpho Luque pitcher for the Reds and Giants and a native of Havana, Cuba. (The Old Man and the Sea) [PAR] \"Africana\" song title. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] agua mala (Spanish) jellyfish; Portuguese man-of-war. (The Old Man and the Sea) [PAR] aguardiente (Spanish) clear brandy (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] albacore a tuna with unusually long pectoral fins, important as a game and food fish in all warm seas. (The Old Man and the Sea) [PAR] Algabeno, Gallo bullfighters (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Alger Horatio Alger (1832-1899), U.S. writer of boys' stories; his books typically deal with rags-to-riches stories of young boys advancing from poverty to wealth and acclaim. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Alpini (Italian) Alpine troops. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] Alsace a historical region of northeastern France, under German control from 1871 to 1919. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] \"Alto piano . . . but no piano\" (Italian) \"Upland plain . . . but no plain.\" (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] Amalfi a town in south Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] The American news was all training camps It is unclear whether this refers to spring training prior to the baseball season, to the training of newly-enlisted soldiers, or to both. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] American Women's Club list apparently a list of recommended tourist sites. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] amontillado a pale, relatively dry sherry. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Anatole France pseudonym of Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault (1844-1924); French novelist and literary critic. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Anatolia the great plains area of Turkey. (Hemingway's Short Stories) [PAR] Anis del Mono a brand of French or Spanish liqueur flavored with aniseed. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] ANIS DEL TORO (Spanish) anise of the bull; brand of French or Spanish liqueur flavored with aniseed. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Anti-Saloon League American temperance organization. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Antitetanus inoculation against tetanus, an acute infectious disease, often fatal, caused by the specific toxin of a bacillus which usually enters the body through wounds: it is characterized by spasmodic contractions and rigidity of some or all of the voluntary muscles, especially of the jaw, face, and neck. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] Aosta the Valle d'Aosta, a region of northwest Italy. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] ap\u00e9ritif an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] The apple the fruit of knowledge, offered by the serpent to Eve. When she shared the apple with Adam, they were cast out of Eden by God. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] Aquila town in the Abruzzi region of Italy. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] Archbishop Ireland American archbishop, apparently, with whose case Henry is unfamiliar. (A Farewell to Arms) [PAR] arc-light a lamp in which brilliant light is produced by maintaining an arc between two electrodes. (The Sun Also Rises) [PAR] Ardennes a wooded plateau in northeastern France, southern Belgium, and Luxembourg; the scene of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women at the Olympic Games - Topend Sports Women at the Olympic Games [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > History > Women [PAR] Women at the Olympic Games [PAR] It has been a long road to equality for women at the Olympic Games, and it is still continuing. [PAR] Participation in the Ancient Olympic Games was limited to male athletes only. The only way women were able to take part was to enter horses in the equestrian events. There are records of several winning women horse owners. As the owner of the horse teams, they were credited with the victory, though they were most likely not present at the events. [PAR] Even in the early years of the modern Olympics, women were not well represented (consequently a rival Women's Olympics was held). Women participated for the first time at the 1900 Paris Games with the inclusion of women's events in lawn tennis and golf. Women's athletics and gymnastics debuted at the 1928 Olympics. Over time more women's events were added. In 2012, women's boxing was introduced, resulting in no remaining sports that do not include events for women. [PAR] Equality in the available sports is one thing, but in many countries women do not have equal rights to participate in sports and the opportunity to participate in the Olympic Games. Prior to the 2012 Olympics in London, three Muslim countries have never before sent a female athlete: Qatar, Brunei, and Saudi Arabia. However, they all bowed to IOC pressure and sent female athletes to London. Now every national Olympic committee has sent women to the Olympic Games, a small step. [PAR] Milestones [PAR] At the first modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896 , no women competed, as de Coubertin felt that their inclusion would be \"impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic, and incorrect.\" [PAR] Women first competed at the 1900 Paris Games. Women were allowed to compete in lawn tennis and golf, though there were three French women competing in croquet and there was at least one woman sailor as part of mixed crews. It is commonly believed that first woman to win an Olympic event was England's Charlotte Cooper, who won the tennis singles title, however Swiss sailor H\u00e9l\u00e8ne de Pourtal\u00e8s won a gold medal as part of a team in sailing earlier than this. (see more firsts , and more on Pourtal\u00e8s ) [PAR] Here are the first women competitors in the Modern Olympic Games of 1900, in chronological order were [PAR] May 22 - Helen de Pourtales, Switzerland (Yachting) [PAR] May 31 - Elvira Guerra, France (Equestrian). There may have been another woman also competing in the equestrian events. [PAR] Jun 28 - Mme Ohnier, Madame Depres, and Mme Filleaul Brohy, France (Croquet) [PAR] July 11 - winner Charlotte Cooper, Great Britain (Tennis) plus other female competitors. [PAR] Oct 3 - winner Margaret Abbott, USA (Golf) plus other female competitors. [PAR] Women competed in swimming events for the first time in 1912, but none of them were from America, which did not allow its female athletes to compete in events without long skirts. The first women's swimming gold medal was won by the Australian Sarah 'Fanny' Durack, who won the 100m freestyle in 1912. [PAR] In 1928, women competed in track and field events for the first time; however, so many collapsed at the end of the 800-meter race that the event was banned until 1960. [PAR] Women's shooting events were first included in the Olympics in 1984. There were three events, three position rifle, air rifle and sport pistol. [PAR] In 1996, a women's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Baldwin - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Mike Baldwin | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Johnny Briggs [PAR] Michael Vernon \"Mike\" Baldwin was a London -born businessman who owned and managed the Baldwin's Casuals and Underworld factories in Coronation Street from 1976 to 2006 . [PAR] Mike started his career as a market stall holder but within a few years was running his own factory. In 1976 , he opened denim-maker Baldwin's Casuals in Weatherfield and moved there, ending his relationship with his common-law wife Anne Woodley . As an employer, Mike was uncompromising, quick to threaten his machinists with the sack if they slacked and taking a dim view of workers getting above themselves. [PAR] Away from the factory, Mike lived a bachelor's life, using his Cockney charm and bulging wallet to attract women, although most of them eventually saw through him. While he wanted a family, he found it difficult to make relationships last and didn't raise any of his three sons; his eldest son Danny was a result of an affair between Mike and his brother Harry 's wife Viv , and the secret of his parentage was kept until Harry's death in 2005 . Mark Redman , Mike's second son, was born in 1983 , after his mother Maggie had left Mike, and he didn't even know of his third son Adam Barlow 's existence until 2001 as Adam's mother Susan left Mike in 1987 when he pushed her into getting pregnant even though she wanted a career. [PAR] Two of Mike's lasting relationships were with Deirdre and Ken Barlow . In 1983, Mike had an affair with Deirdre but it ended when Deirdre decided to stay with husband Ken rather than leave him for Mike. Mike continued to hold a torch for Deirdre but they never got together again, while the affair triggered a feud between Ken and Mike which lasted for many years. [PAR] In 1989 , Mike sold Baldwin's Casuals and lost a fortune in a bad deal. The 1990s saw him rebuild his empire as he married Jackie Ingram , hoping to get his hands on her late husband's factory, but his heart lay with ex-partner Alma Sedgewick , who he pursued and later married after Jackie left him. His investments during the period included garage MVB Motors , flats in Crimea Street , and factory Kbec , before he returned to the rag trade with knicker factory Underworld in 1997 . [PAR] Alma left Mike when he slept with Julia Stone but Mike found solace in the arms of Linda Sykes , one of his machinists, and in 2000 they got married, despite a considerable age difference. It wasn't until 2001 , a year after Mike had forgiven Linda for having an affair with his son Mark, that Mike realised Linda was only after his money and threw her out. [PAR] The latter years of Mike's life saw him re-connected with his sons. In 2004 , he made Danny a partner in the business and later told Danny that he was his father. Mike died in 2006 after a short battle with Alzheimer's Disease. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] His on/off relationship with Alma Sedgewick looked over when he married wealthy widow Jackie Ingram instead, but the bride realised that Mike only wanted the money and factory that she had inherited from her late husband, Peter (who ironically died of a heart attack while shouting at Mike), and their marriage lasted just a week, Jackie threatening Mike with a shotgun if he didn't get"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goran Ivanisevic Biography (Tennis Player) - Infoplease Goran Ivanisevic Biography (Tennis Player) [PAR] Birthplace: Split, Croatia [PAR] Best known as: 2001 Wimbledon men's tennis champion [PAR] Croatian tennis star Goran Ivanisevic turned pro in 1988 and quickly gained a reputation for tremendous serves (he stood 6'4\") and a freewheeling personality. He was ranked #2 in the world several times in the mid-1990s; by 2001 he had made over $18 million in career winnings, but his talent had waned and many considered him over the hill. He made it to Wimbledon in 2001 only after receiving a wild-card berth from the tournament committee, then shocked everyone by playing his way into the finals and defeating Australian Pat Rafter in five sets to become the Wimbledon champion. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Ivanisevic won bronze medals in both singles and doubles (with Goran Prpic) at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franklin Delano Roosevelt\u2014Four-Term President\u2014and the ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt\u2014Four-Term President\u2014and the Election of 1944 | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] Franklin Delano Roosevelt\u2014Four-Term President\u2014and the Election of 1944 [PAR] by Matthew Dallek [PAR] When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt decided to seek a fourth term in 1944, his campaign would come to mark a major moment in the history of presidential elections for several reasons. No president had run for a fourth term prior to Roosevelt and FDR remains the only person to have been elected to a fourth term, or in fact, a third term. It was only the third time in US history up to then that a presidential election had taken place in wartime. The election was also momentous because Roosevelt was seriously ill, and he and his aides orchestrated a cover-up that hid his failing health from the American people. [1] [PAR] With the benefit of hindsight, we can see how consequential the 1944 election was. FDR\u2019s victory would lead to the passage in 1951 of the Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution barring presidents from serving more than two full terms. [2] His physical condition at the time of his victory virtually ensured that his vice president would become president, and when FDR died three months into his fourth term, Harry Truman helped launch the nuclear age when he dropped two atomic bombs on Japan to end the war in the Pacific. The Cold War with the Soviet Union also began on Truman\u2019s watch. The 1944 presidential election inaugurated a politics of prosperity that would last for decades, while FDR\u2019s deception about his health helped pave the way for the now-familiar custom in which candidates are forced to release results of their physicals, disclose income taxes, and reveal at least some details of their personal lives to the public. [PAR] FDR defended his precedent-breaking decision to seek a fourth term on several grounds. In late 1944, Roosevelt reflected that while he \u201chate[d] the fourth term . . . and the third term as well,\u201d he thought he was able to \u201cplead extenuating circumstances!\u201d He believed, he explained, that Americans deserved to have the chance \u201cfreely to express themselves every four years.\u201d Unlike some of his contemporaries, Roosevelt claimed, he did not feel the need to cling to power just for the sake of holding power. \u201cI would, quite honestly, have retired to Hyde Park with infinite pleasure in 1941\u201d had it not been for the international crisis. He felt ethically bound to break from tradition in 1940 and, again, in 1944; he described the possible election of his 1940 opponent, Republican Wendell Willkie, as \u201ca rather dangerous experiment,\u201d as he had little foreign policy experience and was not the man to handle an international emergency. By 1944, with America in its third year of the war, FDR considered it his obligation to remain in office until Hitler had been defeated. [3] [PAR] Roosevelt faced re-election challenges on a variety of thorny fronts. Democratic bosses regarded Vice President Henry Wallace as a left-wing ultra-liberal, and they refused to accept him on the 1944 ticket. FDR was forced to dump Wallace, and he browbeat Missouri\u2019s Senator Harry Truman into running as his number two. Truman had won praise for leading a Senate Committee investigation that turned up billions of dollars in fraud and government waste in the war effort, but he had only modest experience with foreign affairs. [4] [PAR] An even greater problem for the President was that his body was falling apart. As only"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Selhurst Park - \u5fc5\u5e94 Selhurst Park - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] Selhurst Park [PAR] Selhurst Park is an association football stadium located in the London suburb of South Norwood in the Borough of Croydon. It is the current home ground of Crystal Palace Football Club playing in the Premier League. [PAR] Who owns the freehold of selhurst park home of crystal palace foo... [PAR] \u7b54 [PAR] Simon Jordan (born 24 September 1967, Thornton Heath, United Kingdom) is the chairman and owner of Crystal Palace Football Club, as well as Selhurst. [PAR] Selhurst Park History [PAR] In 1922 the site, a former brickfield, was bought from the Brighton Railway Company for \u00a32,570. The stadium (designed by Scottish stadium architect Archibald Leitch) was constructed by Humphreys of Kensington (a firm regularly used by Leitch) for around \u00a330,000, and was officially opened by the Lord Mayor of London on 30 August 1924. There was then only one stand (the present Main Stand), but this was unfinished due to industrial action; Crystal Palace played Sheffield Wednesday and lost 0\u20131 in front of 25,000 fans. [PAR] Two years later, in 1926, England played Wales in an international at the stadium. England amateur matches and various other finals were also staged there, as were other sports including boxing, bicycle polo (in the late 1940s) and cricket and music concerts (in the 1980s). In addition to this, it hosted two games for the 1948 Summer Olympics. [PAR] In 1953, the stadium's first floodlights were installed consisting of numerous poles around the 3 sides of terracing and four roof mounted installations on the Main Stand, but were replaced nine years later by floodlights mounted on pylons in each corner and six installations on the Main Stand roof. Real Madrid marked the occasion by playing the first game under the new set of bulbs \u2013 a real footballing coup at the time for third division Palace, as it was Real's first ever match in London. [PAR] The ground remained undeveloped until 1969, when Palace were promoted to Division One (then the highest tier of English football) for the first time. The Arthur Wait Stand was built, and is named after the club's long-serving chairman, who was a builder by trade and was often seen working on the site himself. Arthur Wait was notable for overseeing Palace's rise from the 4th to the 1st Division in the 1960s. The Whitehorse Lane end was given a new look when a \"second tier\" of terracing, brick-built refreshments and toilets were provided along the top. [PAR] The Safety of Grounds Act required the Holmesdale Road terrace (the preferred stand for the Crystal Palace supporters) to be split into three sections for safety reasons. The remaining poorer facilities were mainly where opposition supporters were situated. New facilities were subsequently built at the back of the Holmesdale Stand. In the summer of 1981, the Main Stand terraced enclosure was redesigned and refitted with seating. [PAR] In 1981, Palace sold the back of the Whitehorse Lane terrace and adjacent land to supermarket retailer Sainsbury's for \u00a32m, to help their financial problems. The size of the terrace at this end was effectively halved. [PAR] Charlton Athletic moved in to the stadium as temporary tenants in 1985, and became with Palace the first league clubs in England to agree such a ground-sharing scheme. The following year, chairman Ron Noades purchased the stadium from the club as a means of raising revenue. In the summer of 1990, the lower half of the Arthur Wait Stand was converted into all-seater with the assistance of Football Trust Grant"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wolf Man (1941) - Horror Film Wiki - Wikia The Wolf Man (1941) | Horror Film Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Wolf Man (1941) [PAR] Share [PAR] \u201c [PAR] Even a man who is pure in heart and says his prayers by night, may become a wolf when the wolfbane blooms and the Autumn moon is bright. [PAR] \u201e [PAR] His hideous howl a dirge of death! [PAR] Directed By [PAR] 18 image(s) of The Wolf Man (1941) [PAR] The Wolf Man is a 1941 film directed by George Waggner . It is one of the earliest produced Horror films, and considered to be a classic of cinema. It turned title star Lon Chaney, Jr. into a star and icon of the Horror genre. The film was re-made in 2010. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Talbot Castle [PAR] Having been living abroad for more than eighteen years, Larry Talbot returns home to Llanwelly Village after receiving word of his brother's unfortunate death during a hunting accident. At the expansive Talbot Castle , Larry reunites with his formerly estranged father, Sir John Talbot . The two lament the fact that a death in the family was required for the two men to make restitution with one another, and they both agree to shelve their former animosity. Sir John takes Larry into the attic of the house, which he has since converted into an observatory. Larry admires the giant telescope in the center of the room and begins making adjustments. Sir John leaves him to his work. [PAR] While looking through the telescope, Larry catches sight of a young, blonde-haired woman across the street. She is in her upstairs bedroom trying on a pair of earrings. Peering downward, Larry notes that the room is above Charles Conliffe's Antiques store. [PAR] Larry walks over to the store and introduces himself to the young woman, whom he learns is the proprietor's daughter, Gwen . Under the pretense of being a regular customer, Larry begins flirting with her. Gwen avoids his overzealous affections and convinces him to purchase a silver-tipped cane. The cane is unique in that the handle is in the shape of a wolf's head with the mark of the pentagram etched on the side. Gwen explains that the pentagram symbolizes the werewolf and then recites an old poem, \"Even a man who is pure in heart and says his prayers by night, may become a wolf when the wolfbane blooms and the autumn moon is bright\". She further informs him that a werewolf can see the sign of the pentagram in the palm of his next victim. [PAR] Caring little about occult folklore, Larry asks Gwen out on a date, but she politely turns him down. He refuses to take \"no\" for an answer though and warns Gwen that he will stop by the shop at 8:00 to pick her up. Gwen again tells him \"no\", but Larry playfully ignores her. [PAR] That evening, Larry arrives at the antiques shop as promised. He wants to take Gwen to the nearby gypsy camp to have her fortune told. Gwen agrees, but only if her friend Jenny Williams can come with them. Larry shifts about uncomfortably, but agrees. [PAR] Bela the Gypsy [PAR] When they arrive at the camp, Jenny is anxious to have her fortune told. Larry encourages her to go first, allowing him the opportunity to spend more time with Gwen. Gwen warns Larry that she is engaged to be married to a man named Frank Andrews. [PAR] While the two talk outside, Jenny goes into the tent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grass Seed Buying Guide - Home Depot How to Choose the Right Engineered Wood at The Home Depot [PAR] SHOP ALL GRASS SEED [PAR] Types of Grass Seed [PAR] The two main types of turf grass are warm season grass and cool season grass. Pick the grass seed that matches the climate and your yard\u2019s sun exposure. [PAR] Tip: Pick grass seed designed to absorb the level of lawn traffic your yard receives. [PAR] Warm season grass originates in the South and grows best in hot weather. Most warm season grass goes dormant and turns brown with cool temperatures. Warm season grass should be planted in late spring. [PAR] Cool season grass generally originates from the North and is characterized by rapid growth in the spring and fall. Cool season grass often turns brown during periods of high summer heat. The best time to plant cool season grass is in late summer or early fall. [PAR] Type of Grass [PAR] (C) = cool season grass [PAR] Blends & Mixtures [PAR] You can purchase different mixes of grass seed that are designed to meet specific needs, such as drought-resistant grasses or repairing damaged lawns. [PAR] Seed mixtures: Seed mixtures combine several different kinds of grass in one seed package. The strengths and weaknesses of each offset the others to keep your lawn green and healthy. This type of seed often contains disease- and drought-resistant properties. [PAR] Blended seed mixtures: Blended seed mixtures combine several different kinds of the same grass species to capitalize on the strengths of each type. By using the same species, you can ensure a more consistent appearance to your lawn. [PAR] Lawn repair mix: These products combine grass seed, starter fertilizer and mulch in a single package. This all-purpose mixture is used for reseeding bare spots in your lawn and prevents you from having to buy all the items separately. Also, the fertilizer and mulch are optimized for the particular seed you choose. [PAR] Straight seed: Warm season grass is usually sold as single or \u201cstraight\u201d seed. These packages contain only one variety of seed. Planting, growing and maintenance tips are included on the back of the package. [PAR] Planting Tips [PAR] Before planting in a new area, prepare the soil by removing existing plants, weeds and stones. Mix in organic material, then rake it smooth. [PAR] Use a lawn spreader or, for smaller spots, sow seed by hand. [PAR] Mulch the seeded area with garden fabric or straw to retain moisture. [PAR] Water daily until germination occurs, then less often but more heavily. [PAR] When new grass is 3 inches high, remove the mulch and lightly mow. [PAR] Protect the lawn from people or animals by roping it off until the grass is established. [PAR] Weed control products are helpful because they decrease the number of weeds that drain soil of the water and nutrients vital for a successful grass growing season. [PAR] SHOP NOW"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sabalan | Persian Tourism Guide - Iran's Tourism Sabalan | Persian Tourism Guide - Iran's Tourism [PAR] Print Email [PAR] Sabalan ( Azerbaijani: Savalan) is an inactive stratovolcano in Ardabil province of northwestern Iran. It is the third highest mountain in Iran and has a permanent crater lake formed at its summit. Sabalan has a ski resort (Alvares) and different tourist areas such as the Sarein spa. The mountain is known for its beautiful vistas, including the Shirvan gorge, where few climbers ever venture. According to some beliefs, the Mount Sabalan was the place where Zoroaster meditated for some years, so Mt. Savalan is one of the important sacred places in Zoroastrianism. [PAR] Mount Sabalan [PAR] Located in the extreme north west of Iran in meshkin shar (khiav), Sabalan is the country\u2019s third highest peak after Damavand and Alam-Kuh . At 4,811 metres it is taller than Mount Blanc in the Alps. The mountain offers many attractions throughout the year. On the slopes of the mountain the mineral water from springs attracts large amounts of tourists each year, many have faith in healing properties believed to be in the springs. The nomadic people of the area live in small villages, with their round \u201cYurt\u201d tents appealing to tourism. Sabalan is a volcanic peak, and at 3,600 metres you can see gigantic \u2018sculptures\u2019 which are eroded volcanic stone outcrops which resemble animals, birds and insects. [PAR] Geology [PAR] Sabalan is a large andesite stratovolcano in Meshgin Shahr (Khiav), in Iranian Azerbaijan in North West Iran. It is the second highest volcano after Mount Damavand . The volcano is quite old. Its first eruptions occurred in the Eocene and later in the Miocene. But the main volcanism happened in the Pliocene and the Pleistocene as some of its rocks have been dated to 5\u20131.4 million years. Some references state that volcanic activity continued into the Holocene, less than 10,000 years ago. [PAR] The summit region has several peaks exceeding 4,500 metres (14,800 ft), primarily along a southwest-northeast trending ridge. The highest point 4,811 metres (15,784 ft) is at the northeast end of the ridge, and is separated from the 4,620 metres (15,160 ft)+ group of southwestern summits by a 4,190 m (13,750 ft) col. [PAR] The mountain is located in a continental climate with hot, dry summers and extremely cold, snowy winters. Precipitation falls primarily as snow in late autumn, winter, and spring, and is sufficient to sustain seven glaciers near the summit above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). The largest of these were more than 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) in length as of the 1970s. There are also extensive rock glaciers, several of which are more than 3 km (2 mi) in length. [PAR] Climbing [PAR] The climbing surface includes rocks of various sizes (Class 2 scrambling), and a moderate degree of fitness is required to climb it. The climb from the base camp starts easy, becomes challenging mid way, then eases in gradient near the top. The lake on the top remains frozen except for about four weeks in late July to early August. [PAR] Some climbers start by driving to hot springs of Meshgin Shahr, where they start their climb. This climb takes about two days, reaching to the base camp on the first day. Others take a taxi to base camp early in the morning, and climb the mountain in one day. In 2006, there was talk of improving the road to the base camp. If this is done, a regular car should be able to make it to the base camp during the climbing season. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Syngenesophobia Treatment Options - phobia-fear-release.com Syngenesophobia Treatment Options [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Symptoms of Syngenesophobia \u2013 Fear of relatives: [PAR] breathlessness, excessive sweating, dry mouth, nausea, feeling sick, shaking, heart palpitations, inability to speak or think clearly, a fear of losing control, a sensation of detachment from reality or a full blown anxiety attack. [PAR] You are not the only one to suffer from this phobia. Most sufferers are surprised to learn that they are far from alone in this surprisingly common, although often unspoken, phobia. [PAR] Syngenesophobia is an intense fear of something that poses no actual danger. While adults with Syngenesophobia realize that these fears are irrational, they often find that facing, or even thinking about facing, the feared situation brings on a panic attack or severe anxiety. [PAR] There is a Way Out [PAR] Imagine what your life will be like when you know that you are not \"defective\". When you can be confident and at ease in situations where you used to feel your phobia. And when you can talk about your former fear symptoms as though you are describing a movie where the character is someone else, not you. [PAR] Syngenesophobia [PAR] Treatment Options [PAR] Hypnotherapy [PAR] Hypnotherapy helps to reprogram your subconscious \"programs\" that may be part of your fear. When these programs are \"de-bugged\" the symptoms of Syngenesophobia often are minimized. However, some people don't like the feeling of loss of control in allowing someone else to play with their personal \"software\". [PAR] Hypnotherapy is save and works fast. [PAR] Hypnotherapy Solutions [PAR] Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) [PAR] NLP is basically the study and practice of how we create our reality. From the NLP viewpoint, a phobia is the result of your programs or \"constructs\" that you have created that don't work very well. With NLP, these constructs are revealed and \"re-programmed\" so that the Syngenesophobia is minimized and often eliminated. [PAR] Usually the interventions are quite rapid and effective. [PAR] NLP Solutions [PAR] Energy Psychology [PAR] Energy Psychology is emerging as an excellent therapy for fears and phobias because in studies it is shown to be rapid, safe, effective and long-lasting. It is based on a theory and practice that has been around for a couple of thousand years. It has the same foundation or roots as acupuncture, except in this case there are no needles used. You could call it emotional acupuncture - without the needles. Recent scientific studies have shown it to be very effective. [PAR] Energy Psychology combines the benefits of the above treatment therapies. [PAR] You quickly and easily change your behaviors. [PAR] You are active in your own recovery. [PAR] Your thought patterns change, often very quickly. [PAR] You develop skills and techniques that are useful for a lifetime in all situations. [PAR] Syngenesophobia Disclaimer [PAR] \u00a9 Alive and Well Online 2004.[DOC] [TLE] 60 Weirdest Phobias People You Know May Have ~ Curious? 60 Weirdest Phobias People You Know May Have ~ Curious? Read [PAR] The irrational fear of becoming bald or fear of being around bald people. [PAR] Bathing \u2014 Ablutophobia [PAR] Fear of bathing, washing and cleaning, more common with children and women than males. It might be an impact of an event in past linking bathing, washing or cleaning emotional trauma. [PAR] Beds or going to bed \u2014 Clinophobia [PAR] An abnormal and persistent fear of going to bed. Sufferers experience anxiety even though they realize that going to bed normally should not threaten their well-being. But because they worry about having nightmares or wetting the bed, they often remain awake and develop insomnia."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oregon Blue Book: Salem: Oregon's Capital Oregon Blue Book: Salem: Oregon's Capital [PAR] Home > Facts > Salem: Oregon's Capital [PAR] Salem: Oregon's Capital [PAR] Also see the Capitol Tour and the Salem city government description. [PAR] [PAR] \ufeff\ufeff\ufeffSalem, with a population of 160,690, is Oregon\u2019s state capital and the third largest city. Salem is also the county seat of Marion County, but a small [PAR] portion contained within its corporate limits of 44 square miles lies across the Willamette River in Polk County. Salem is situated on the 45th geographic parallel in the center of the Willamette Valley\u2014one of the most fertile and agriculturally productive regions in the world\u201447 miles south of Portland and 64 miles north of Eugene. [PAR] [PAR] Salem serves as the hub of both state government and the surrounding farming communities. State government is the largest employer, with approximately 17,958 state employees and offices for 69 state agencies located in Salem. Salem is also one of the largest food-processing centers in the United States. [PAR] [PAR] In addition, Salem is one of Oregon\u2019s oldest cities. The tribal name for the locality was Chemeketa, said to mean \u201cmeeting or resting place.\u201d It may also have been the name of one of the bands of the Kalapuya Tribe. In 1840\u20131841, the Jason Lee Mission was moved from the banks of the Willamette River upstream to a site on Mill Creek. In 1842, the missionaries established the Oregon Institute. When the mission was dissolved in 1844, it was decided to lay out a townsite on the Oregon Institute lands. Either David Leslie, one of the trustees who came to Oregon from Salem, Massachusetts, or W. H. Willson, who filed plats in 1850\u20131851 for what is now the main part of the city, selected the name \u201cSalem.\u201d Salem is the Anglicized form of the Hebrew word shalom, meaning peace.* [PAR] [PAR] The location of the Oregon capital caused a spirited contest that lasted nearly 15 years. By a legislative act in 1851, the territorial government moved the capital to Salem from Oregon City. In 1855, it was moved to Corvallis, only to move back to Salem the same year. Destruction of the Capitol Building at Salem on December 31, 1855, was considered an incendiary part of this controversy. [PAR] [PAR] The close proximity of government provides Salem citizens with a distinct opportunity to be involved in the decision-making processes of the state. The citizens of Salem also have a long history of commitment to community improvement, a committment recognized nationally through the presentation of two All-America City Awards in 1960\u20131961 and 1982\u20131983."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About \u2013 Hellmann\u2019s Hellmann's [PAR] Print [PAR] Hellmann\u2019s Blue Ribbon History [PAR] Hellmann's\u00ae products have been staples in American kitchens for generations. The brand's flagship product, Hellmann's\u00ae Real Mayonnaise, is the best-selling mayonnaise in the United States. [PAR] Mayonnaise is said to be the invention of the French chef of the Duke de Richelieu in 1756. While the Duke was defeating the British at Port Mahon, his chef was creating a victory feast that included a sauce made of cream and eggs. When the chef realized that there was no cream in the kitchen, he improvised, substituting olive oil for the cream. A new culinary masterpiece was born, and the chef named it \"Mahonnaise\" in honor of the Duke's victory. [PAR] In 1905, two years after arriving in the United States, German immigrant Richard Hellmann opened up a delicatessen in New York City. His delectable recipe for mayonnaise was featured in salads and sold in the deli, and the condiment quickly became so popular that Hellmann began selling it in \"wooden boats\" that were used for weighing butter. [PAR] Originally, two versions of the recipe were sold, and to distinguish between them, Hellmann put a blue ribbon around one. The \"ribbon\" version was in such high demand that in 1912, Hellmann designed what is today the iconic \"Blue Ribbon\" label, to be placed on larger glass jars. In 1913, Hellmann's received its first trademark for the Blue Ribbon. [PAR] At the same time that Hellmann's\u00ae Mayonnaise was flourishing in the East, Best Foods, Inc., introduced mayonnaise to Californian consumers. As Hellmann's\u00ae expanded on the east coast, Best Foods\u00ae proved to be a smashing success in the West. It was nearly inevitable that in 1932 Richard Hellmann Inc. was acquired by Best Foods, Inc. To this day, Hellmann's\u00ae Mayonnaise is sold east of the Rockies and Best Foods\u00ae Mayonnaise is sold west. [PAR] Hellmann's\u00ae has always recognized consumers' demand for new and delicious products, and their desire to eat real foods. Here is a quick timeline of product introductions. [PAR] 1920\u2019s \u2013 Hellmann\u2019s\u00ae introduced Tartar Sauce and Sandwich Spread. [PAR] 1980\u2019s \u2013 Light and Canola Cholesterol Free Mayonnaise were introduced. [PAR] 1985 \u2013 Low Fat Mayonnaise Dressing is introduced. [PAR] 1992 \u2013 Hellmann's\u00ae adds mustard with the introduction of Dijonnaise\u2122 Creamy Mustard Blend. [PAR] 2002 \u2013 New mayonnaise with an ethnic twist introduced: Mayonesa Con Jugo de Lim\u00f3n (Mayonnaise with Lime Juice), a flavor very popular among Hispanics. The lime juice adds a unique flavor to the classic, beloved mayonnaise. [PAR] 2008 \u2013 Mayonnaise Dressing with Olive Oil is introduced. It combines the creamy, rich taste of Hellmann's\u00ae with the delicious goodness of olive oil. [PAR] 2010 \u2013 Hellmann's\u00ae is the 1st consumer product of its stature and volume in the packaged foods industry to use 100% cage-free eggs, as certified by the American Humane Association(AHA) in its Light Mayonnaise. [PAR] 2011 \u2013 Hellmann\u2019s\u00ae adds AHA-certified cage-free eggs to two of its signature recipes: Canola Cholesterol Free Mayonnaise and Hellmann\u2019s\u00ae Mayonnaise Dressing with Olive Oil. [PAR] 2011 \u2013 Launched first limited-edition flavor: Mediterranean Garlic. [PAR] 2012 \u2013 Hellmann\u2019s\u00ae is committed to using cage-free eggs in its entire product line. Once the entire line is changed to certified cage-free eggs, it will impact approximately 1.8 million egg-laying hens. [PAR] 2012 - Two more limited-edition flavors are released: Spicy Buffalo and Southwestern Ranch."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dunkelberg's Proofreading Marks - Proofreader's Marks Proofreader's Marks [PAR] Delete the word(s) or letter(s) indicated with a loop through them. [PAR] close up [PAR] There is an extra space. Delete it. Sometimes I use this when you have spelled a single word incorrectly as two words. [PAR] indent [PAR] An arrow pointing to a line at the beginning of a paragraph means you should indent the first line of your paragraph. In front of a long quoted passage, it means you should indent the entire passage. The vertical line indicates approximately how far you should indent. [PAR] # [PAR] You need extra space, usually between two words that have been run together. [PAR] = [PAR] Three lines under a letter or word means it should be capitalized [PAR] ^ [PAR] insert [PAR] A caret mark between two words means you should add the word or phrase I've suggested at that point [PAR] / [PAR] slash [PAR] A slash with letters or punctuation marks indicates you should add the character or characters indicated [PAR] // [PAR] parallel [PAR] Two slanted lines indicates that you have used an unparallel construction for a list or in another situation where the meaning of your sentence would be clearer if the parts were stated in the same manner. [PAR] \u00b6 [PAR] paragraph [PAR] This symbol indicates you should start a new paragraph. Often when this is marked, the resulting paragraphs need to be developed. You have switched topics in mid-paragraph and haven't fully explored them. [PAR] ag [PAR] agency [PAR] This is when the subject of your sentence isn't the real actor. For instance, you might write: 'The story thought humans were created out of clay.' Since stories don't think, this sentence doesn't make sense. [PAR] agree [PAR] agreement [PAR] Most commonly, this is marked when the subject and verb do not agree in number\u008byou have a plural noun with a singular verb, for instance. Sometimes it is the pronoun and its referent which do not agree in number or person. [PAR] awk [PAR] awkward [PAR] The underlined phrase is grammatically correct, but there is a clearer, more concise way to phrase it. [PAR] cs [PAR] comma splice [PAR] Two independent sentences have been joined by a comma, with no conjunction or other means to correctly join them. [PAR] dm [PAR] dangling modifier [PAR] This is when the implied subject of the dependent clause is not the subject of the sentence that follows. Revise this by adding the correct subject to the clause. [PAR] exp [PAR] expand [PAR] Tell more about the topic you just raised. Usually there is evidence from the text that you should use to back up an assertion you have made or the issue is more complicated than you have indicated from your discussion of it. [PAR] expl [PAR] explain [PAR] As with 'expand,' you need to discuss this topic more in your paper, explaining why you hold the view you do or where you see evidence of it in the text. [PAR] ev [PAR] evidence [PAR] You need to show where you found evidence in the text to support the point you are trying to make. [PAR] font [PAR] font size [PAR] The size font appears bigger than 12 pt or you have chosen a font that sets significantly bigger than Times or Helvetica. Please use 12 pt Times or an equivalent legible font for your essays. 10 pt is acceptible, especially if you don't have Times or Helvetica and need to use Courier or another font that looks big on the page. [PAR] frag [PAR] fragment [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Governors of California - Ronald Reagan Governors of California - Ronald Reagan [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Born: February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois [PAR] Died: June 5, 2004 in Los Angeles, California [PAR] Married: Nancy Davis on March 4, 1952 [PAR] Political Party: Republican [PAR] Wife: Jane Wyman, Nancy Davis [PAR] Children: Maureen and Michael (with Jane Wyman), [PAR] Patricia and Ronald (with Nancy Davis) [PAR] Find out more about the time period and interests of Ronald Reagan [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Reagan holds the distinction of being the only California governor to become President of the United States [PAR] On February 6, 1998, Washington National Airport was renamed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport by a bill signed into law by President Bill Clinton [PAR] Biography [PAR] Ronald Wilson Reagan was born February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois. Most of his childhood was spent in Dixon, Illinois, a small town about 100 miles west of Chicago. Reagan won a scholarship to study at Eureka College near Peoria, Illinois and majored in economics. He was also drawn toward acting, but upon graduation in 1932 the only job available related to show business was as a local radio sportscaster. In 1933 he became a sportscaster for station WHO in Des Moines, Iowa. [PAR] In 1937 Reagan went to Hollywood and began an acting career that spanned more than 25 years. He played in more than 50 films and his first political activities were associated with his responsibilities as a union leader; Reagan was active in the Screen Actors Guild (the union for film actors), and was elected six times as its president. During 1942 to 1945, Reagan served in the United States Army Air Force. [PAR] Reagan emerged on the national political scene in 1964 when he made an impassioned television speech supporting the Republican presidential candidate, U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater from Arizona. Although Goldwater lost the election, Reagan's speech brought recognition from Republicans around the country. He ran for governor of California in 1966, defeating Edmund G. (Pat) Brown, Sr., the incumbent Democrat, by almost a million votes. Reagan became the 33rd Governor of California. [PAR] During his first term Reagan temporarily stopped government hiring to slow the growth of the state workforce, but he also approved tax increases to balance the state budget. Reagan was elected to a second term in 1970. Governor Reagan worked with the Democratic majority in the state legislature to enact a major reform of the welfare system in 1971. The reform reduced the number of people receiving state aid while increasing the benefits for those who remained eligible. During his tenure as governor, Reagan chaired the Republican Governors Association from 1968 to 1969. [PAR] Reagan ran for President in 1980, successfully beating the incumbent, President Jimmy Carter to become the nation\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 40th president. Reelected in 1984, Reagan presided over broad changes in U.S. government economic and social policy. [PAR] After retiring to California, Reagan remained politically visible and active, becoming a national and international spokesman. He published his autobiography, An American Life, in 1990 and opened the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California in 1991. In 1993 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. [PAR] In November 1994 Reagan announced that he had Alzheimer's disease, and he subsequently died of the illness in 2004. [PAR] Budgets"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monopoly Board Game History: Anniversary of Parker ... Monopoly Board Game History: Anniversary of Parker Brothers Sales [PAR] Wallace Kirkland\u2014The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images US troops on a transport to Australia playing Monopoly, in 1942 [PAR] Nov. 5, 1935: Parker Brothers begins marketing the game Monopoly [PAR] When Parker Brothers rolled the dice on \u201cthe real estate game,\u201d it did so reluctantly. The game seemed too long, too complicated, and too niche: who, after all, would get excited about buying imaginary realty in Atlantic City? [PAR] The brainchild of an out-of-work heating contractor named Charles Darrow, according to the New York Times, the game that became Monopoly wildly outperformed Parker Brothers\u2019 modest expectations, becoming the most popular game in history . Although they initially rejected Darrow\u2019s offer to sell it to them, the powers that be at Parker Brothers changed their minds after the independently manufactured game began flying off the shelves of a Philadelphia department store, though the company still believed the game was a fad that would soon fade. They began marketing it as Monopoly on this day, Nov. 5, in 1935. [PAR] Monopoly sales soon made Darrow so rich that he abandoned the heating trade for a hothouse hobby: growing orchids. According to Hasbro , which acquired Parker Brothers in 1991, more than 275 million Monopoly games \u2014 including more than 6 billion green houses and 2.25 billion red hotels \u2014 have been sold since 1935. [PAR] And while Monopoly remains a fixture in American homes, it has undergone periodic changes in an effort to stay relevant. Last year, following a vote on the Monopoly Facebook page , game lovers chose a new token \u2014 a cat, which triumphed over proposed tokens including a toy robot, a guitar, a helicopter, and a diamond ring \u2014 to replace the least popular of the existing tokens: the iron. It wasn\u2019t the first upheaval among the tokens, which have at times included a purse, a lantern, an elephant, a horse and rider, and a rocking horse. The game board has gone through a number of updates, too, and met with mixed reviews. [PAR] In 1978, to celebrate the legalization of gambling in Atlantic City, Parker Brothers released a new version called \u201cAdvance to Boardwalk,\u201d which allowed players to build casinos, according to the Times. It never became popular. [PAR] In 2006, Hasbro released the \u201cHere and Now\u201d edition, meant to bring the game into the 21st century \u2014 in all its branded glory \u2014 with corporatized tokens including McDonald\u2019s fries, a Starbucks coffee cup, a New Balance sneaker and a Toyota Prius. According to TIME\u2019s coverage of the new edition , the properties in that version: [PAR] \u2026 include real estate from around the country, selected by online vote. The railroads have become airports. Weimar-style hyperinflation has set in\u2013for passing Go, you collect $2 million\u2013but Times Square is a bargain at $4 mil, and while it\u2019s a refreshing admission that, yes, you can buy the White House, it cost the present occupant far more than $3.2 million. [PAR] This spring, Hasbro adopted a grassroots approach to improving the game by polling players on their \u201chouse rules,\u201d acknowledging their findings that half of all Monopoly players have made up their own rules and 68% have never read the official rules all the way through. The House Rules Edition includes the five most popular of those made-up rules, which include doubling the amount collected for passing \u201cGo,\u201d collecting an additional $500 for rolling \u201csnake eyes,\u201d and not collecting rent while in jail. [PAR] To appease purists, Hasbro points out that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Father of Invention - NYTimes.com The Father of Invention - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] N.Y. / Region |The Father of Invention [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] THE simple version of the story of Thomas Alva Edison, the one most schoolchildren learn, is that he invented the phonograph, the incandescent light bulb and the motion picture camera. [PAR] These three innovations were wonders in their time. But they do not begin to explain how this man -- who spent most of his adulthood living and working in New Jersey and whose 150th birthday is being celebrated this year -- changed the world. [PAR] Virtually every Edison scholar now agrees that Edison's most important accomplishment was not the inventions themselves, but the invention of the invention industry. Edison is nothing less than the father of modern research and development. Part businessman, part scientist, part publicity man, Edison took his essential curiosity about the way things worked and -- using a large posse of laboratory assistants, the patent system and lawyers to enforce the patents -- leveraged it into an industrial empire that, at its peak in the mid-1910's, supported a 10,000-worker factory here. [PAR] ''Edison does probably more than any individual in 19th-century industry to establish the idea that you can have a steady stream of innovations, and that technology can be deployed for strategic purposes,'' says W. Bernard Carlson, associate professor of technology, culture and communication at the University of Virginia. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] All the great R & D labs of the pharmaceutical industry, which dot Route 1 and other New Jersey highways, owe their existence to Edison's idea that great discoveries are best made not by solitary geniuses but in large, well-organized, well-financed groups. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] But the limits of Edison's genius are as interesting as his accomplishments. One of the Edison's most important legacies is his part in creating the modern consumer market. Edison literally wired us, turning us into a nation of workaholics and insomniacs. It was his sound recording system and his movie camera that would lay the foundation for Motown and Hollywood. [PAR] For all Edison's genius in creating the world of mass media, it was a world he never quite comprehended; although he delivered us into the 20th century he was still, at heart, a 19th-century man. ''Edison gets killed in the phonograph business and, more importantly, in motion pictures,'' Prof. Carlson says. ''What he never really understands is that a big piece of the business is going to be in what we would call the 'software' side.'' [PAR] Although historians of technology will endlessly debate whether Edison's story can best be understood by looking at the modern-day figures of Steven Jobs, who largely invented the personal computer, or Bill Gates, who has profited most by that invention, Professor Carlson prefers to compare Edison to Moses. [PAR] ''He invents the technology that undergirds the consumer culture of the 20th century,'' Professor Carlson says. ''He brings Americans there. But he's unable to participate. Like Moses, Edison was unable to enter promised land.'' [PAR] Patents: Bell 30, Edison 1,093 [PAR] To get a sense of why Edison will always be remembered, one only has to compare him with his competitor Alexander Graham Bell. Bell and Edison had a great deal in common. Both famous inventors were born in 1847, and both were concerned with the problems of the deaf. Edison himself was partly deaf, a fact that Neil Baldwin, author of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steely Dan - Aja - Demurge Steely Dan - Aja [PAR] Aja [PAR] Certified Platinum: 12/27/77 [PAR] Aja [PAR] is the third Steely Dan album since songwriters Walter Becker and Donald Fagen discarded a fixed-band format in late 1974. Since then they have declined to venture beyond the insular comfort of L.A. studios, recording their compositions with a loose network of session musicians. As a result, the conceptual framework of their music has shifted from the pretext of rock & roll toward a smoother, awesomely clean and calculated mutation of various rock, pop and jazz idioms. Their lyrics... remain as pleasantly obtuse and cynical as ever. [PAR] Aja [PAR] will continue to fuel the argument by rock purists that Steely Dan's music is soulless, and by its calculated nature antithetical to what rock should be. But this is in many ways irrelevant to a final evaluation of this band, the only group around with no conceptual antecedent from the Sixties. Steely Dan's six albums contain some of the few important stylistic innovations in pop music in the past decade. By returning to swing and early be-bop for inspiration -- before jazz diverged totally from established conventions of pop-song structure -- Fagen and Becker have overcome the amorphous quality that has plagued most other jazz-rock fusion attempts. [PAR] \"Peg\" and \"Josie\" illustrate this perfectly: tight, modal tunes with good hooks in the choruses, solid beats with intricate counterrhythms and brilliantly concise guitar solos. Like most of the rest of [PAR] Aja, [PAR] these songs are filled out with complex horn charts, synthesizers and lush background vocals that flirt with schmaltzy L.A. jazz riffs. When topped by Fagen's singing, they sound like production numbers from an absurdist musical comedy. [PAR] The title cut is the one song on [PAR] Aja [PAR] that shows real growth in Becker's and Fagen's songwriting capabilities and departs from their previous work. It is the longest song they've recorded, but it fragilely holds our attention with vaguely Oriental instrumental flourishes and lyric references interwoven with an opiated jazz flux. \"Aja\" may prove to be the farthest Becker and Fagen can take certain elements of their musical ambition. [PAR] Lyrically, these guys still seem to savor the role they must have acquired as stoned-out, hyperintelligent pariahs at a small Jewish college on the Hudson. Their imagery can become unintelligibly weird (Frank Zappa calls it \"downer surrealism\"); it's occasionally accessible but more often (as on the title song) it elicits a sort of deja vu tease that becomes hopelessly nonsensical the more you think about it. Focus your attention on the imagery of a specific phrase, then let it fade out. Well, at least it beats rereading the dildo sequence in [PAR] Naked Lunch. [PAR] The Royal Scam, [PAR] was the closest thing to a \"concept\" album Steely Dan has done, an attempt to return musically to New York City, with both a raunchier production quality and a fascination with grim social realism. The farthest Aja strays from the minor joys and tribulations of the good life in L.A. are the dreamy title cut and \"Josie,\" which hints ominously about a friendly welcome-home gang-bang. The melodramatic \"Black Cow\" is about love replaced by repulsion for a woman who starts getting too strung out on downers and messing around with other men. \"Deacon Blues\" (a thematic continuation of \"Fire in the Hole\" and \"Any World\") exemplifies this album's mood: resignation to the L.A. musician's lifestyle, in which one must \"crawl like a viper through these suburban streets\" yet \"make it my home sweet home.\" The title and first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp | The Royal Institution ... Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp | The Royal Institution: Science Lives Here [PAR] Davy lamp \u2192 [PAR] Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp [PAR] The first ever prototype of Davy\u2019s miner\u2019s safety lamp. Created in 1815, it was designed to be lit safely for miners to use without allowing the heat from the flame to explode the concentration of methane gas often found as miners dug deeper. [PAR] Humphry Davy miners' lamps. [PAR] Basement Laboratory of the Ri [PAR] Alternative name [PAR] Mining, Humphry Davy, coal, gauze, safety lamp, firedamp, light, invention [PAR] Description [PAR] Following a number of serious explosions in North East coal mines due to pockets of flammable gas known as 'firedamp', Humphry Davy was asked by the Rector of Bishopwearmouth (near Newcastle) to find a means of lighting coal mines safely. In an intense period of work from mid-October to December 1815, Davy made various prototype lamps. The final design was very simple: a basic lamp with a wire gauze chimney enclosing the flame. The holes let light pass through, but the metal of the gauze absorbs the heat. The lamp is safe to use because the flame can't heat enough flammable gas to cause an explosion, although the flame itself will change colour. [PAR] The lamp was successfully tested in Hebburn colliery in January 1816 and quickly went into production. The introduction of the lamp had an immediate effect, decreasing the number of fatalities per million tons of coal produced enormously and also increased the amount of coal produced as it allowed miners to mine deeper seams of coal. In this way it made a fundamental contribution to the continuing industrialisation of Britain and to many other mining countries, during the nineteeth century. [PAR] At precisely the same time however George Stephenson, a mining engineer at Killingworth Colliery, was also working on the problem. He independently invented a remarkably similar lamp and soon the two inventors were locked in a bitter dispute over priority. Davy needed to differentiate his lamp from Stephenson\u2019s and therefore claimed that his invention was the product of scientific research, despite there being very little science in it - indeed the only science in the lamp is the discovery (made independently by Davy, Stephenson and Smithson Tennant) that explosions would not pass through narrow tubes. Davy won this battle of words going on to become President of the Royal Society, while Stephenson went on to invent the first steam powered locomotive for the railroad. [PAR] To help rubbish Stephenson\u2019s claims Davy acquired some of his lamps to try to demonstrate how useless they were. These can be found on display alongside Davy\u2019s prototypes in the Light Corridor area of our exhibition, on the lower ground floor. [PAR] Where can I view this? [PAR] This object is currently on display in the lower ground floor of the Royal Institution in the Faraday Museum . [PAR] More images [PAR] Humphry Davy's miners safety lamp [PAR] Credit: Royal Institution[DOC] [TLE] safety lamp | coal mining | Britannica.com safety lamp | coal mining | Britannica.com [PAR] Safety lamp [PAR] wick [PAR] Safety lamp, lighting device used in places, such as mines, in which there is danger from the explosion of flammable gas or dust. In the late 18th century a demand arose in England for a miner\u2019s lamp that would not ignite the gas methane ( firedamp ), a common hazard of English coal mines. W. Reid Clanny , an Irish physician, invented a lamp about 1813 in which the oil-fuelled flame was separated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Female Vocal Range - Various Singing Voice Types for Women ... Female Vocal Range - Various Singing Voice Types for Women | Your Personal Singing Guide [PAR] Female Vocal Range and [PAR] Voice Types! [PAR] There are many vocal ranges and voice types for females, and this section will discuss about the 3 main types of female voices, their respective note ranges, as well as how their tessituras or most comfortable voice ranges differ from each other. [PAR] One point to note: There is a difference between the 2 terms \u2013 Vocal Range and Voice Type; The Range of our Voice refers to the range of notes that the voice can reach or produce a sound at, whereas Voice Type refers to the various kinds of voices classified using certain criteria like range of vocals, tessituras, register transition points, vocal timbre or tone and so on. [PAR] Click on the links provided above to learn how to find the full range of your voice, as well as understand more about the various voice classification criteria and learn how to determine your own voice type! [PAR] Now, the 3 main types of female voices are as follows: [PAR] 1. Soprano [PAR] Let us look at each of these voices in more detail: [PAR] 1. SOPRANO [PAR] As many of us would know, the Soprano voice is the highest of the female voices, and many of us would be familiar with this voice type. I am sure many ladies out there would be envious of their Soprano friends who seem to be able to hit the high notes with such ease! [PAR] A typical Soprano vocal range would probably be from the A note below middle C (A3) to the F or G note 2 octaves above (F6 or G6), making it a range of 2 plus to 3 octaves. Of course, this is not to be taken as an exact measurement but more as a rough guideline for soprano voices, and proper breath support must be used when measuring vocal ranges during singing. [PAR] The Soprano Tessitura is also usually higher than the other female voice types, considering that the overall vocal range is the highest among the female voices. [PAR] A Soprano would also probably transition out of her chest voice around the E flat note above middle C (E4) and shift into her head voice around the F sharp note one octave above the middle C (F5). [PAR] The soprano voice usually has a bright tone, and she would usually have a strong head voice, but a relatively weaker middle voice. Sopranos are also able to sing more high notes and sustain at a high pitch better than a mezzo soprano can, and they are also most often the lead role for operas or shows. [PAR] 2. MEZZO SOPRANO [PAR] For most ladies out there, you would probably belong to this voice type as the Mezzo Soprano voice is the most common female voice type out of the 3 main types, and it lies between the higher Soprano voice and the lower Contralto voice. [PAR] The vocal range for the Mezzo Soprano voice would be likely between the G note below middle C (G3) to the C note more than 2 octaves above (C6), making it also a range of around slightly more than 2 octaves. The Mezzo Soprano Tessitura or most comfortable vocal range lies somewhere between the Soprano Tessitura and the Contralto Tessitura. [PAR] The Mezzo would probably transition out of chest voice around the E note just above middle C (E4) and shift into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rivers of Ireland | Look Around Ireland Rivers of Ireland | Look Around Ireland [PAR] Rivers of Ireland [PAR] Rivers of Ireland [PAR] The rivers of Ireland are one of the most intriguing elements of the landscape. In proportion to the size of the island of Ireland, there exists a huge amount of rivers and river kilometres. [PAR] The River Shannon is the longest in the British Isles. Apart from the 10 longest rivers listed below, there are shorter but significant rivers of great importance to the towns and cities they pass through or where they enter the sea. [PAR] Some of these would include the River Lagan, which exits through Belfast, the River Foyle, which forms a very wide expanse of water as it exits through Derry City. The Avonmore and Avonbeg Rivers form the famous Meeting of the Waters joining as the River Avoca and then enter the Irish Sea at the busy port of Arklow in County Wicklow . [PAR] 10 Longest Rivers of Ireland [PAR] River Shannon 386km [PAR] [PAR] The Avoca [PAR] The River Avoca is somewhat unusual as it begins as two separate rivers, the Avonmore (in Irish, Abhainn Mh\u00f3r, meaning \u201clarge river\u201d) and the Avonbeg (Abhainn Bheag, meaning \u201csmall river\u201d). These two rivers converge to form the Avoca. This happens at the \u201c Meeting of the Waters \u201d, a place of incredible scenic beauty.The river itself is located in the county of Wicklow and enters the sea at Arklow. It flows through the Irish village also named Avoca which is the setting for the BBC series \u201cBallykissangel\u201d. Despite its amazing natural beauty, major concerns have arisen in recent years concerning pollution of the river. [PAR] [PAR] The Bandon [PAR] The Bandon is a river located in Co. Cork . It rises in the Shehy Mountains in the west of the county and flows eastward through Dunmanway, Balineen, Enniskeane, Bandon and Inishannon to Kinsale Harbour. The river is a good fishing area and has an estimated catch of 1300 salmon and a similar catch of sea-trout per year. [PAR] [PAR] The Bann [PAR] The Bann is the longest river in Northern Ireland , stretching a total of 129 kilometres from the Mourne Mountains in County Down to the northern coast of Ireland, entering the Atlantic Ocean at Portstewart. The Bann is unusual as it flows into the very large Lough Neagh at Bannfoot, Co. Armagh before continuing its journey northward. The has led to the River Bann being divided into two rivers; the Upper Bann which lies to the south of Lough Neagh and the Lower Bann which lies to the north. Numerous activities take place along the Bann, including cruises, canoeing, rowing, waterskiing, angling and several others. [PAR] [PAR] The Barrow [PAR] The Barrow is one of the \u201cThree Sisters\u201d rivers which are comprised of the Nore, the Suir and the Barrow. All three rise in the same mountainous area of Tipperary and flow in a southerly direction. It is 192 kilometres in length (the second longest in Ireland) and enters the Atlantic Ocean at Waterford. It also links with the Grand Canal at Athy, which connects Dublin with the Shannon in the west. The Barrow also passes through the town of New Ross in Co. Wexford where the replica famine ship \u201c The Dunbrody \u201d can be seen. [PAR] [PAR] The Boyne [PAR] The River Boyne, one of the more well-known Irish rivers, has its source near Edenderry, Co. Offaly . It is approximately 112 kilometres in length and enters the Irish Sea at Drogheda. The River Boyne is a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Death Cards - Psychological Operations - Psywarrior Death Cards - Psychological Operations [PAR] SGM Herb Friedman (Ret.) [PAR] Note: Images from this article were used in \u0093Three Practical Lessons from the Science of Influence Operations Message Design\u0094 by M. Afzal Upal, Canadian Military Journal, Volume 14, No 2, 2014. [PAR] We don\u0092t know where the idea of an ace of spades representing death first originated. We do know that during the reign of \u0093Murder Incorporated\u0094 in the 1930s, at least two gangsters were assassinated and left with aces in their hands. One of the unidentified criminals with an ace of spades is depicted on the cover of the [PAR] Burton [PAR] B. Turkus book Murder Inc.: the Story of the Syndicate. Turkus also mentions Salvatore Marinzano, an early Cosa Nostra crime boss who was assassinated by a younger faction led by Lucky Luciano. When Marazano was killed, he had an Ace of Diamonds in his hand. [PAR] In 2010 a self-proclaimed witch wrote to me from Britain with a historical explanation. I have shortened it considerably but perhaps it will shed some light on the mysterious history of the ace of spades: [PAR] There are 52 cards. Each card stands for a week in the year. The thirteen cards in each suit also stand for the thirteen lunar months in the year. The suits stand for the seasons. The red suits are feminine, warm, positive, upward looking, etc. The black ones are masculine, cold, negative, regressive, etc. [PAR] There are four main Sabbats - the Ace of Spades relates to the week of Yule. Yule, at the beginning of winter was a date dreaded by the old peasantry - the beginning of winter heralded a time of famine, or a Time of the Wolf. The Ace of Spades stands for the first week of winter, beginning 21 December. Supplies would be running low, and the last of the meat would be slaughtered and cured to eat in the months ahead. Offerings would be made to the dead, and the elderly would be sure that their last wishes were known, in case it was their turn. [PAR] The Ace of Spades represents the Death of the Year and the start of a new one, when the wheel turns again. The reason why it is a trump card is that Death comes for all of us in the end, and there is no escape - even for kings. The spade is also known in the Tarot as the sword - a symbol of war. The symbol could represent a heart with a spike in it, a severed head on a spike, a cowled head, an evergreen yew, or a dead leaf - all emblems of Death. [PAR] [PAR] In 2012, a Canadian reader sent in a simpler and perhaps more accurate reason for the Ace of Spades as a death card. He said: [PAR] A spade is also a shovel and shovels are used to dig graves. [PAR] VIETNAM [PAR] The ace of spades, the so-called \"death card\" is featured in many movies about the Vietnam War. The symbol is also depicted on various unit crests, special operations privately-made patches, collar insignia, and on flags and painted vignettes on military aircraft and gun trucks. [PAR] Ace of Spades Gun Truck [PAR] An example of such a gun truck is \"Ace of Spades\" of the 523rd Transportation Company based in [PAR] Phu Bai [PAR] , [PAR] Vietnam [PAR] . Former crewmember Sergeant Sammy Seay bought this military vehicle in 2003 and rebuilt it into a replica of his unit\u0092s 1971 Vietnam-era"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Mirin? (with picture) - wiseGEEK What is Mirin? (with picture) [PAR] What is Mirin? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 16 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] Can you see through these real-life optical illusions? [PAR] Characterized by a sweet taste and a low alcohol content, mirin is a popular Japanese cooking wine. While it's most commonly used in cooking, the wine is sometimes employed as a ceremonial drink at the beginning of the new year and a few other special occasions. Its main benefit is the dash of sweetness that the alcohol provides for a number of dishes and sauces that are common to Japanese cuisine. [PAR] In appearance, mirin has a golden hue that is very pleasing to the eye. In addition, the inclusion of this sweet cooking wine will also provide slight sheen when used to prepare fish and various types of meat. Using it as an ingredient for coating or covering with a sauce helps to enhance the presentation of the dish, helping the food to be as visually appealing as it is flavorful. [PAR] The creation of this wine begins with use glutinous rice that is combined with distilled spirits. Manufacturers only allow the fermentation process to go so far, since the focus is on achieving the correct level of sweetness and not necessarily a given level of alcohol content. It is the sweet property of the wine that helps to lessen the overall impact of strong fish odors in a number of recipes, while still managing to enhance the flavors of other ingredients in the recipe. [PAR] Ad [PAR] While mirin does not have a high alcohol content, it is often found in the liquor department of supermarkets, as well as in wine and spirits shops. This is true even for the two ceremonial versions that are used to celebrate the new year, hon and shin. Because the sweet taste is very strong, a small amount of wine in a recipe will produce excellent results. [PAR] Mirin is still primarily an additive in dishes that are indigenous to Japan, but more people are choosing to use it as an ingredient in other dishes as well. It is ideal for toning down strong tastes and odors with a variety of meats, which may allow it become a more common item in kitchens around the world. [PAR] Ad"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BERYL (Emerald, Aquamarine and other gem varieties) BERYL (Emerald, Aquamarine and other gem varieties) [PAR] Emerald - Weak; green to blue green. [PAR] Aquamarine - Weak; blue to darker blue. [PAR] Morganite - Weak; light red to light violet [PAR] Heliodor - Weak; greenish yellow to yellow [PAR] Color: See above. Goshenite is colorless beryl. The name Emerald denotes hues that are emerald green. Other green varieties should be referred to as green beryl . A rare red variety (Red Beryl) resembling fine ruby, from Utah, and a rare deep blue variety (Maxixe-Brazil) are also known. [PAR] U.V. Fluorescence: [PAR] Emerald - none to weak orange-red or green. [PAR] Others very weak to none. [PAR] Synthetic emerald may fluoresce a weak dull red and appear opaque under long u.v. light. [PAR] Emerald [PAR] The most popular of colored stones. Birthstone for May. Color and clarity highly variable, major factors in valuation. The soft, velvety appearance and \"lime Jell-O\" color of the best emeralds is unique among all natural gems, hard to confuse with anything else. Characteristically, nearly all stones are included, with the best colored stones sometimes being the most included. The term jardin (meaning garden) is used for mossy-appearing, densely included stones. Good stones of high clarity and color are extremely rare in sizes above 2 to 3 carats. Color is highly prized; weakly colored, light to medium green stone of excellent clarity up to 5 carats in size do not command the price of smaller, more included stones of better color. [PAR] Unlike other gem beryl, emeralds are nearly always mined in situ; they seldom survive fluvial transport, perhaps due to an abundance of inclusions, which decreases their toughness. [PAR] Emeralds can be synthesized by both flux-growth and hydrothermal processes. The two current major manufacturers, who both employ the flux-growth technique, are Chatham Research Laboratories in San Francisco ( Chatham Created Emerald ) and Ets. Ceramiques Pierre Gilson (Gilson Emerald). Such synthetic emeralds are easily distinguished from naturals by having somewhat lower R.I.s and S.G.s, and by inclusions . There are several other current and former manufacturers; Biron is perhaps the best known one that employs hydrothermal synthesis. [PAR] 1) Muzo - Emerald in calcite veins that invade black shale. [PAR] Rough is often color zoned with paler core. Both Muzo and Chivor emeralds are characterized by three-phase inclusions - trapped fluid containing gas, fluid, and crystals of halite. Muzo emeralds often contain inclusions of calcite and yellow-brown needles of the mineral parisite . [PAR] Mines owned by government since 1871; have been leased to various operators since then. Five year leases instituted in 1977 discontinued in 1982(?) due in part to poor recovery brought about by rapid mining techniques (dynamite and bulldozers). 10 year leases were most recently held by two companies, Tecminas and Coesminas, who developed underground workings. [PAR] Once the most prolific emerald mines in the world. [PAR] S.G.=2.71; R.I.E=1.578, R.I.O=1.584. [PAR] 2) Chivor - Emerald in quartz-albite-apatite veins that invade a gray calcareous shale. [PAR] Chivor emerald has a lower S.G. and lower R.I. (S.G.=2.69, R.I.E=1.571; R.I.O=1.577) than Muzo emerald. Crystals tend to be more elongate than those from Muzo. [PAR] Color is said to tend toward a bluer green (\"cool green\") as opposed to the slightly yellower green (\"warm green\") of Muzo. Characteristic inclusions are pyrite and albite . [PAR] The Chivor mines are privately owned; owners pay a 25% royalty on all production to the Colombian government. Recent reports indicate little production, but the possibility of new ownership renewed hope that these mines would once again become productive. [PAR] 3)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parish Pastoral Council Guidelines | The Roman Catholic ... Parish Pastoral Council Guidelines | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador [PAR] Parish Pastoral Council Guidelines [PAR] Parish Pastoral Council Guidelines [PAR] The Mission of the Church [PAR] The Church is the living body of Christ in which all share in various and diverse ways the responsibility for the mission given to the Church by the Lord to: [PAR] Worship God in joyous celebration of the Mass and sacraments [PAR] Proclaim the Word of God to all people [PAR] Witness the love and redemptive healing of Christ [PAR] Serve those in need in both Church and society [PAR] The Parish [PAR] \"A parish is a definite community of the Christian faithful established on a stable basis within a particular church; the pastoral care of the parish is entrusted to a pastor as its own shepherd under the authority of the diocesan bishop\" (Canon 515). [PAR] Clergy, religious and laity together form a parish, a portion of God's People whose pastoral care is entrusted to a pastor so that all can continue the mission of Jesus here on earth. The People of God have different gifts, roles and responsibilities, yet all are under one head, Christ Jesus \u2013 sisters and brothers in Him. [PAR] Duties of Pastor [PAR] A pastor has responsibilities, which are uniquely his arising from his ordination and appointment to the pastorate by the Bishop. [PAR] The pastor (parochus) is the proper pastor (pastor) of the parish entrusted to him, exercising the pastoral care of the community committed to him under the authority of the diocesan bishop in whose ministry of Christ he has been called to share, so that for that same community he carries out the functions of teaching, sanctifying, and governing, also with the cooperation of other presbyters or deacons and with the assistance of lay members of the Christian faithful, according to the norm of law. (Can. 519) [PAR] When a priest accepts a pastorate, he becomes the appointed leader of the parish, the bond of communion, the designated head, and the father in the faith to this community of believers. He is also called to be a servant of the people. Moreover, he is to be the animator, motivating his people to work together, and at the same time to be the healer, bringing peace and unity to avert division and anger. Consultation with parishioners, as individuals and as a community, is required for a pastor to carry out his duties responsibly. [PAR] Consulation [PAR] The Code of Canon Law insists on consultation at every level of decision-making among all God's people. The Code also makes it clear that pastors have certain responsibilities which are theirs alone. [PAR] Cardinal Leo Suenens noted that a misinterpretation of the Council has caused some people to believe that the Church is a democracy: \"The Church is not a democracy and not an aristocracy...but a collegial reality.\" [PAR] On December 30, 1988, Pope John Paul II, referring to the ecclesiology of communion, said, \"The Council's mention of examining and solving pastoral problems 'by general discussion' ought to find its adequate and structured development through a more convinced, extensive and decided appreciation for 'Parish Pastoral Councils,' on which the Synod Fathers have rightly insisted.\" [PAR] Role and Function of the Parish Pastoral Councils [PAR] Canon Law provides for the formation of Parish Pastoral Councils in Canon 536 #1. [PAR] \"In every parish of the diocese, a Pastoral Council shall be established, if the diocesan Bishop, after consulting with the Council of Presbyters, so decides."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rudolf Walter Richard He\u00df on Pinterest | Nazi Party ... 1000+ images about Rudolf Walter Richard He\u00df on Pinterest | Crime, Peace and World war [PAR] Forward [PAR] Rudolf Walter Richard Hess, (26 April 1894 \u2013 17 August 1987), was a prominent Nazi politician who was Adolf Hitler's deputy in the Nazi Party during the 1930s and early 1940s. On the eve of war with the Soviet Union, he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom, where he was arrested and became a prisoner of war. Hess was tried at Nuremberg and sentenced to life imprisonment, which he served at Spandau Prison, Berlin, where he died in 1987. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Statehood : When did your State Join the Union Statehood Order by Dates: Statehood by Dates [PAR] New Jersey, one of the thirteen colonies, became the third state on December 18, 1787. [PAR] Georgia [PAR] Georgia, one of the thirteen colonies, ratified the US Constitution on January 2, 1788, becoming the fourth state to do so; it joined the Confederacy on January 19, 1861, and re-entered the Union after the Civil War. [PAR] Connecticut [PAR] Connecticut, one of the thirteen colonies, became the fifth state on January 9, 1788. [PAR] Massachusetts [PAR] Originally part of the thirteen colonies, Massachusetts became a state on February 6, 1788 [PAR] Maryland [PAR] Maryland became the seventh state on April 28, 1788. During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln placed Maryland under military control. [PAR] South Carolina [PAR] South Carolina, one of the thirteen colonies, became the eighth state on May 23, 1788. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede form the Union. It re- entered after the Civil War. [PAR] New Hampshire [PAR] In a sense, New Hampshire, originally one of the thirteen colonies, \"created\" the new nation by becoming the ninth state on June 21, 1788, meeting the requirement for nine states to ratify the Constitution. [PAR] Virginia [PAR] Virginia one of the thirteen colonies, became the 10th state on June 25, 1788. Richmond became the capital of the Confederacy on May 29, 1861, but re-entered the Union after the war. [PAR] New York [PAR] On July 26, 1788, New York , one of the thirteen colonies, became the 11th state. [PAR] North Carolina [PAR] North Carolina, one of the thirteen colonies, became the 12th state on November 21, 1789. North Carolina troops suffered the greatest losses of all the states during the Civil War while fighting for the Confederacy, re-entered the Union after the fighting ceased. [PAR] Rhode Island [PAR] Rhode Island was the last of the thirteen colonies to join the Union on May 29, 1790. [PAR] Vermont [PAR] Vermont became the first state added to the Union following the 13 colonies on March 1, 1791. Until statehood, had been a region claimed by both New York and New Hampshire [PAR] Kentucky [PAR] Kentucky became the first state to be carved from the great western wilderness on June 1, 1792. Never a territory, it was part of Virginia until statehood. [PAR] Tennessee [PAR] Tennessee became a state on June 1, 1796. On June 8, 1861, it joined the Confederacy and became a major battleground for the Civil War, re-entering the Union after war's end. Was Southwest Territory before statehood. [PAR] Ohio [PAR] Ohio became the first state west of the Alleghenies on March 1, 1803. Was part of the Northwest Territory until statehood. [PAR] Louisiana [PAR] Louisiana became the 18th state on April 30, 1812. It joined the Confederacy on January 26, 1861 and re-entered the Union after the Civil War. With certain boundary changes, had been the Territory of Orleans. [PAR] Indiana [PAR] Indiana became the 19th state on December 11, 1816. There was a residue of Indiana Territory that continued to exist under that name until Dec. 3, 1818, when it was attached to Michigan Territory [PAR] Mississippi [PAR] On December 10, 1817, Mississippi was admitted as the 20th state. Territory by Act of April 7, 1798, effective May 7, 1798. [PAR] Illinois [PAR] Illinois became the 21st state on December 3, 1818. [PAR] Alabama [PAR] Alabama entered the Union on December 14, 1819. In January 1861, Alabama seceded from the Union, and on February 4, delegates from six states met"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An Inspector Calls: the message behind the new BBC ... An Inspector Calls: the message behind the new BBC thriller - Telegraph [PAR] TV and Radio [PAR] An Inspector Calls: the message behind the new BBC thriller [PAR] As Priestley\u2019s An Inspector Calls comes to BBC One, Tim Martin examines the biting message behind its cosy whodunnit fa\u00e7ade [PAR] David Thewlis as the Inspector and Finn Cole as Eric Birling in the BBC's upcoming 'An Inspector Calls' Photo: BBC Pictures/Drama Repbulic [PAR] By Tim Martin [PAR] 11:00AM BST 12 Sep 2015 [PAR] \u2018The way some of these cranks talk now, you\u2019d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up like bees in a hive. Community and all that nonsense.\u201d The lines belong to Arthur Birling, the wealthy industrialist celebrating with his family as the curtain rises on JB Priestley \u2019s An Inspector Calls, but the uncharitable sentiments obviously aren\u2019t confined either to 1912, the year in which Priestley\u2019s play is set, or to 1947, the year of its UK premiere (it first opened in Russia 70 years ago). Instead, this strange and didactic piece of theatre has lasted longer than anything else its author wrote, and its story about the moral audit of an upper-crust family continues to appeal to audiences well beyond those for whom it was originally conceived. [PAR] Besides the 1954 film with Alastair Sim and a clutch of periodic revivals on TV, An Inspector Calls has also been a Soviet-era Russian mini-series (Inspektor Gull, 1979), a madcap cinematic comedy set among the nouveau riche of Hong Kong (released in February) and, as of last year, has taken its place on the GCSE syllabus. Now it returns to the BBC in a new adaptation directed by Aisling Walsh, with David Thewlis as the mysterious Inspector Goole who turns the lives of the Birling family upside down. [PAR] In one sense, the appeal of An Inspector Calls is easy to understand. Set before the First World War but written and performed at the end of the Second, it came packaged from birth with a kind of comforting period remoteness, and its presentation is that of a classic drawing-room thriller in the Agatha Christie mould: as the Birlings are celebrating their daughter\u2019s engagement over dinner, a policeman arrives to speak to them about the suicide, earlier in the day, of a pregnant woman. Every member of the family denies any connection with the victim, but, as the evening wears on, it becomes apparent that they have, knowingly or blindly, played a role in her downfall. The wealthy paterfamilias sacked her from his factory after a labour dispute, the daughter arranged to have her dismissed from a position as a shop assistant, and so on. Under the scrutiny of the appallingly candid Goole, whose performer Priestley insisted should \u201ccreate an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness\u201d, the mystery of her death is slowly solved. [PAR] If the conceit of An Inspector Calls is familiar, though, the execution is more unusual. Priestley began writing plays in the early Thirties, after a successful career as a novelist and essayist: his book The Good Companions (1929) won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, became a bestseller, and largely freed Priestley from financial worries thereafter. [PAR] Miranda Richardson as Sybil Birling, An Inspector Calls (Photo: BBC Pictures/Drama Republic) [PAR] Writing for the stage offered him the opportunity to experiment \u2013 and, particularly, to experiment with the dramatic possibilities of several then-fashionable theories of time. The first of these plays was Dangerous Corner (1932), in which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Annie Hall (1977) - Filmsite.org Annie Hall (1977) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] Annie Hall (1977), from director-actor-co-writer Woody Allen, is a quintessential masterpiece of priceless, witty and quotable one-liners within a matured, focused and thoughtful film. It is a bittersweet romantic comedy of modern contemporary love and urban relationships (a great successor to classic Hollywood films such as The Awful Truth (1937) and The Philadelphia Story (1940) ), that explores the interaction of past and present, and the rise and fall of Allen's own challenging, ambivalent New York romance with his opposite - an equally-insecure, shy, flighty Midwestern WASP female (who blossoms out in a Pygmalion-like story). [PAR] Annie Hall clearly has semi-autobiographical elements - it is the free-wheeling, stream-of-consciousness story of an inept, angst-ridden, pessimistic, Brooklyn-born and Jewish stand-up comedian - much like Allen himself (who started out as a joke writer for The Tonight Show) - who experiences crises related to his relationships and family. His unstable love affair with aspiring singer Annie Hall begins to disintegrate when she moves to Los Angeles and discovers herself - and a new life. [PAR] [A real-life relationship and breakup did occur in early 1970 between Allen and co-star Keaton. Keaton's birth name was Diane Hall, her nickname was Annie, and she did have a Grammy Hall. And Woody Allen played a similar role as mentor to Diane Keaton (about New York life, politics, philosophy, and books), as did best friend Tony Roberts to Allen.] [PAR] This breakthrough film came after Allen's five earlier light-hearted comedies (from 1969-1975) that were take-offs of various film genres or books, often similar to episodic Marx Brothers' films: [PAR] Allen's Previous Films [PAR] [PAR] The Story [PAR] After the silent opening credits (influenced by director Martin Ritt's film The Front (1976), starring Woody Allen), the opening scene has the main character (indistinguishable from Woody Allen himself, dressed in a tweed jacket, red plaid shirt, and his black-framed spectacles) speaking intimately and directly to the audience viewer in a full, stark closeup. He tells two key Jewish jokes in a stand-up, vaudeville-style monologue. In his first joke, he satirizes his own feelings about life and its miserable shortcomings: [PAR] Two elderly women are at a Catskill Mountain resort. And one of 'em says: 'Boy, the food at this place is really terrible.' The other one says: 'Yeah, I know. And such small portions.' Well, that's essentially how I feel about life. Full of loneliness and misery and suffering and unhappiness, and it's all over much too quickly. [PAR] His second joke pays tribute to key individuals in his life - Groucho Marx and Sigmund Freud. From Groucho Marx, the comedian learned comedy. From Freud's writings on wit and jokes, the 'pleasure mechanism', neuroses, dreams, and psychopathology [the content of the film, in fact!], he delved into his unconscious: [PAR] The other important joke for me is one that's usually attributed to Groucho Marx but I think it appears originally in Freud's Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious - and it goes like this. I'm paraphrasing. I would never want to belong to any club that would have someone like me for a member. That's the key joke of my adult life, in terms of my relationships with women. [PAR] The malcontented comic, later identified as Alvy Singer (Woody Allen) [the name bears some resemblance to the hedonistic, Cockney title character in Alfie (1966) - a similar film about the lead character's love life and his problems with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amelia Earhart\u2019s Navigator: The Life and Loss of Fred ... Amelia Earhart\u2019s Navigator: The Life and Loss of Fred Noonan - History in the Headlines [PAR] Amelia Earhart\u2019s Navigator: The Life and Loss of Fred Noonan [PAR] June 28, 2012 By Elizabeth Hanes [PAR] Fred Noonan with Amelia Earhart on June 11, 1937. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Amelia Earhart\u2019s Navigator: The Life and Loss of Fred Noonan [PAR] Author [PAR] Amelia Earhart\u2019s Navigator: The Life and Loss of Fred Noonan [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] In one of history\u2019s most fascinating mysteries, Fred Noonan will always be something of a footnote. Forever remembered as \u201cAmelia Earhart\u2019s navigator,\u201d he vanished with the famous aviator on July 2, 1937, nearly 75 years ago, during their ill-fated round-the-world attempt. As the anniversary of his disappearance approaches, find out more about this oft-forgotten flyer\u2019s life and\u2014presumably\u2014death. [PAR] Fred Noonan has been consigned to a historical footnote as Amelia Earhart\u2019s navigator. That\u2019s partly because little is known about him. When he and Earhart vanished 75 years ago on July 2, 1937, headlines blared about the disappearance of \u201cLady Lindy\u201d and the frantic search for her Lockheed Electra. Little coverage was devoted to the equally lost Noonan at the time, and little has been written about him since. [PAR] We know he was married. Twice. We know he stood just over 6 feet tall and had a ruddy complexion, blue eyes and auburn hair. According to U.S. Shipping Board registers, he had a \u201cscar at the base of thumb\u201d and a \u201cprotrusion on forehead over right eye.\u201d We know these details from notations in publicly available records\u2014marriage certificates, maritime files, Federal Aviation Administration documents, city directories. It\u2019s a sketchy portrait. And yet together, these bare facts paint the picture of an adventuresome man who led a rich life before his disappearance. [PAR] Earhart may get all the glory for being a pioneering aviator, but Noonan was no slouch in that respect. Widely credited with opening the Pacific to air transportation, Noonan worked for Pan American World Airways beginning in the mid-1920s and was responsible for charting the westward routes from California to Manila for the carrier\u2019s \u201cClipper\u201d airplane fleet. Born in Chicago (or, according to some reports, in Ireland), he had first encountered these far-flung corners of the globe after leaving home at just 13 to become a merchant marine in 1906. Over 20 years he rose through the ranks to become a captain, working on ships that ferried goods around the world. [PAR] In the 1930s Noonan changed gears to take up flying, but he never lost his love for the sea and continued to renew his captain\u2019s license until right before his disappearance. A neighbor in his adopted hometown of New Orleans told a Times-Picayune reporter, \u201cI remember when he quit the sea because he wanted to take up aviation, not necessarily as a pilot, but in a navigating capacity.\u201d After obtaining his pilot\u2019s license in 1930, he went on to become a leader in long-distance aerial navigation, developing a solid reputation for his skills. According to some accounts, he served as the head of Pan Am\u2019s navigation section. [PAR] With Noonan in the navigator\u2019s seat, Pan Am\u2019s China Clipper seaplane completed the first air trip from San Francisco to Honolulu in April 1935. The feat earned him a congratulatory letter from the world\u2019s foremost expert on air navigation, P.V.H. Weems, who had taught pilots at the Naval Academy. In an era before electronic navigation, the role of air navigator held critical significance and involved a combination of line-of-sight and calculating positions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1957: Lords to admit first women peers BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1957: Lords to admit first women peers [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1957: Lords to admit first women peers [PAR] The Government has unveiled plans to reform the House of Lords which include admitting women for the first time. [PAR] Under the scheme, male and female life peerages will be created to ensure a balanced representation of the different political parties. Expenses are also to be paid to peers. [PAR] The idea behind the creation of life peers is to enable distinguished and experienced people, who may not feel able to accept hereditary titles, to enter the House. Appointments will be made at the discretion of the prime minister. [PAR] The Conservative Leader of the House, Lord Home, announced the proposals to the Lords this afternoon. [PAR] Taking women into parliamentary embrace is, after all, only an extension of the normal privileges of a peer. [PAR] Lord Home [PAR] There were cheers when he said admitting women would simply be recognising the place they had commanded for themselves as a right in modern society. [PAR] He raised a laugh when he added: \"Taking women into parliamentary embrace is, after all, only an extension of the normal privileges of a peer.\" [PAR] Labour's Lord Alexander of Hillsborough rose to complain that his party had not been given any warning of the content of today's debate and he therefore felt unwilling to participate. [PAR] However, he thought it likely his party would support the admission of women to the House. [PAR] The Government has ruled out - for the time being - any discussion on the alteration in the powers of the House and any discussion of abolition or reduction of the right of hereditary peers to legislate. [PAR] Lord Samuel for the Liberals welcomed any reform. [PAR] He said: \"House of Lords reform has been rather like a slow motion film of a prima ballerina, not marked by agility or grace, but by languid exhibition and elephantine deliberations.\" [PAR] He said the House of Lords was the only organisation which excluded women - directly contrary to the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act passed by the House nearly 40 years ago but which the House had ever since refused to obey. [PAR] Talks have been continuing on and off for years about possible reform of the House of Lords. [PAR] The last attempt was in 1953 when Conservative Lord Simon introduced a Life Peers Bill. [PAR] The Conservative Government invited the leaders of the Liberal and Labour parties to attend talks but Clement Attlee refused to take part on Labour's behalf and the discussions did not take place. [PAR] Lady Carter says the House will be more \"exciting\" [PAR] In Context [PAR] The Life Peerages Act was passed in 1958. It empowered the Crown to create life peers, both men and for the first time, women, who would be entitled to sit and vote in the House of Lords and whose peerages would expire on their death. [PAR] The Peerage Act of 1963 allowed hereditary peeresses to sit in the House of Lords for the first time. [PAR] It also allowed peers to give up titles if they wished to be elected to sit in the Commons. This followed the Stansgate case in which Anthony Wedgwood Benn fought to have the right to drop his title in order to remain an MP. [PAR] In 1969 further plans to reform the House of Lords had to be abandoned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael (1996) - IMDb Michael (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two tabloid reporters checking out a report of the Archangel Michael living with an old woman find that it's true. But that's not the only surprise. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 15 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 18 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 28 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Michael \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] An ordinary man sees a bright light descend from the sky, and discovers he now has super-intelligence and telekinesis. [PAR] Director: Jon Turteltaub [PAR] A television weatherman scams a local lottery. [PAR] Director: Nora Ephron [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.8/10 X [PAR] After a single, career-minded woman is left on her own to give birth to the child of a married man, she finds a new romantic chance in a cab driver. Meanwhile, the point-of-view of the newborn boy is narrated through voice-over. [PAR] Director: Amy Heckerling [PAR] Terrorists steal nuclear warheads from the U.S. military but don't count on a pilot and park ranger spoiling their plans. [PAR] Director: John Woo [PAR] When the daughter of a well-known and well-respected base commander is murdered, an undercover detective is summoned to look into the matter and finds a slew of cover-ups at West Point. [PAR] Director: Simon West [PAR] A disgruntled security guard holds a school trip group hostage, while a news reporter forms a bond with him. [PAR] Director: Costa-Gavras [PAR] A mobster travels to Hollywood to collect a debt and discovers that the movie business is much the same as his current job. [PAR] Director: Barry Sonnenfeld [PAR] The story takes place in alternative America where the blacks are members of social elite, and whites are inhabitants of inner city ghettos. Louis Pinnock is a white worker in a chocolate ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Desmond Nakano [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Frank Quinlan and Huey Driscoll, two reporters from a Chicago-based tabloid, along with Dorothy Winters, an 'angel expert', are asked to travel to rural Iowa to investigate a claim from an old woman that she shares her house with a real, live archangel named Michael. Upon arrival, they see that her claims are true - but Michael is not what they expected: he smokes, drinks beer, has a very active libido and has a rather colourful vocabulary. In fact, they would never believe it were it not for the two feathery wings protruding from his back. Michael agrees to travel to Chicago with the threesome, but what they don't realise is that the journey they are about to undertake will change their lives forever. Written by Jonathan Broxton <j.w.broxton@sheffield.ac.uk> [PAR] He's an angel... Not a saint. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG for a mild barroom brawl, some language and sensuality | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History | Rimutaka Incline Railway History | Rimutaka Incline Railway [PAR] Rimutaka Incline Railway [PAR] Building a Sanctuary for Steam [PAR] Main menu [PAR] Search [PAR] History [PAR] The railway from Upper Hutt to the Wairarapa included five tunnels, several large bridges and many steep grades. The railway reached the summit of the Rimutaka Range by conventional means, but such a route could not be found to descend to the Wairarapa valley. The three-mile section of track between Summit and Cross Creek on the Wairarapa side of the range had an average grade of 1 in 15. The patented Fell centre-rail system was employed to enable specially-fitted locomotives to negotiate the steep grade safely while hauling larger loads than otherwise would have been possible. [PAR] Requirement for Fell centre-rail system [PAR] The Rimutaka mountain range separating Wellington and the Wairarapa presented railway engineers with a difficult situation. Although a suitable alignment could be found on the western side of the range, on the eastern side surveys were less successful, the only practical route was that with graded steeper than that used with conventional railways. The Fell system had been patented after first use in France, providing temporary traversal of mountainous terrain whilst time-consuming tunnel boring was carried out. [PAR] Construction [PAR] Four contracts were let for construction of the formation for the Wellington and Masterton Railway between Upper Hutt and Featherston: [PAR] Mungaroa Contract [PAR] First contract for the route, commencing a short distance north of Upper Hutt, and terminating a similar distance past Kaitoke station. Charles McKirdy won the contract, having previously constructed much of the railway up the Hutt Valley to Upper Hutt. [PAR] Pakuratahi Contract [PAR] William Oakes won this contract, commencing a short distance north of Kaitoke station and terminating just short of Summit. [PAR] Summit Contract [PAR] Messrs Collie, Scott and Wilkinson won the Summit Contract. It may have been of short length, but was perhaps the most difficult as it included the 630 yard (576 metre) Summit tunnel. The contract terminated a short distance downhill of the tunnel. [PAR] Incline Contract [PAR] Incline Contract, comprising the remainder of the route to Featherston, including the majority of the Fell Incline section. Charles McKirdy also won this contract. [PAR] The Railway between Upper Hutt and Featherston was opened in stages during 1878. The Upper Hutt to Kaitoke section was opened on 1 January 1878, the more difficult Kaitoke to Featherston section on 12 October of the same year. [PAR] Operation [PAR] Four Fell locomotives were initially built for the incline, joined by a further two in 1886. Traffic continued to grow, boosted by connection to the Napier-New Plymouth railway in 1897, although relieved to some extent by the purchase of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company by the Government in 1908. Some use of conventional locomotives was made on the incline, along with an experimental Mallet compound. After World War I the incline was again entrusted solely to the six Fell locomotives. [PAR] Dramatic improvements in passenger service schedules were achieved from 1936 with a fleet of 6 railcars built at Hutt Workshops, known as the 'Wairarapa' railcars. The railcars were used for most passenger services until the incline closed, with the exception of special passenger trains and holiday traffic. [PAR] Uniqueness [PAR] At seventy-seven years New Zealand's Fell Incline Railway was far and away the longest-lived Fell-worked route of railway. Most other instances of Fell railways were short-lived affairs, but the Rimutaka Incline was not made obsolete by tunnel replacement until 1955. Other lines in New Zealand and overseas continued to use the"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Burns - Biography - IMDb George Burns - Biography - IMDb [PAR] George Burns [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 99 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (34) | Personal Quotes (52) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] George Burns was born on January 20, 1896 in New York City, New York, USA as Nathan Birnbaum. He was an actor and producer, known for The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show (1950), Oh, God! (1977) and The Sunshine Boys (1975). He was married to Gracie Allen and Hannah Siegal. He died on March 9, 1996 in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA. [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] ( 7 January 1926 - 27 August 1964) (her death) (2 children) [PAR] Hannah Siegal [PAR] Trade Mark (4) [PAR] His ever present cigar [PAR] Played the straight man to his wife, Gracie Allen. After her death and his retirement period, he created a new image as an remarkably active amiable old comedian. [PAR] Wearing glasses in his later years. [PAR] Deep, scratchy voice. [PAR] Trivia (34) [PAR] As a child, he attended P.S. 22 and left after the fourth grade due to economic reasons. [PAR] Interred along with his wife Gracie Allen at Forest Lawn (Glendale), Glendale, California, USA, in the Freedom Mausoleum, Sanctuary of Heritage. [PAR] Uncle of Lou Weiss, chairman emeritus of William Morris Agency, who got his mailroom start in agency business with help of 'Uncle Nate'. [PAR] Was a regular on the \"Dean Martin Celebrity Roasts\". He was even a guest of honor in 1978. [PAR] \"The Burns & Allen Show\" (on CBS and NBC from 1934 to 1950) was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 1994. [PAR] At the time of his Oscar win, he was the oldest recipient of an Academy Award. He was 80 when he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Sunshine Boys (1975). This record was surpassed by Jessica Tandy in 1990 and later by Christopher Plummer in 2012 who received his Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor at age 82. [PAR] Best friends with fellow comedian Jack Benny , who also served as best man at his and Gracie Allen 's wedding. Burns loved playing jokes on Benny, almost as much as watching him laugh (and pound the floor) afterward. [PAR] Actually wore a hairpiece for most of his performing career; appears briefly without it in The Sunshine Boys (1975) and in _Two of a Kind (1982)_. [PAR] He and Gracie Allen continued to play single, even years after they were married; declining ratings prompted George to \"update\" the act on-air. He said later, \"We were the only couple on radio who got married because we had to\". [PAR] Took the name \"Burns\" from the Burns Brothers Coal Company, whose trucks he'd stolen lumps from growing up, to help heat the family home. \"George\" was a sobriquet his brother occasionally used. [PAR] Until his death, he smoked as many as ten cigars a day. [PAR] Biography in: \"Who's Who in Comedy\" by Ronald L. Smith. Pg. 78-80. New York: Facts on File, 1992. ISBN 0816023387 [PAR] His first marriage was in name only. In the early 1920s, he was doing a ballroom dancing act with Hannah Siegal, and they were offered a 36-week contract to go out on the road. When her father objected to her traveling with a young man outside the bonds of matrimony, George and Hannah got married so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 5 | 1953: Sweet rationing ends in Britain BBC ON THIS DAY | 5 | 1953: Sweet rationing ends in Britain [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1953: Sweet rationing ends in Britain [PAR] Children all over Britain have been emptying out their piggy-banks and heading straight for the nearest sweet-shop as the first unrationed sweets went on sale today. [PAR] Toffee apples were the biggest sellers, with sticks of nougat and liquorice strips also disappearing fast. [PAR] One firm in Clapham Common gave 800 children 150lbs of lollipops during their midday break from school; and a London factory opened its doors to hand out free sweets to all comers. [PAR] Adults joined in the sugar frenzy, with men in the City queuing up in their lunch breaks to buy boiled sweets and to enjoy the luxury of being able to buy 2lb boxes of chocolates to take home for the weekend. [PAR] Stocks 'sufficient' [PAR] The government and manufacturers have been quick to reassure the public that there would be no repeat of the first attempt to de-ration sweets, in April 1949, when demand far outstripped supply and they were put back on ration after just four months. [PAR] This time, the Minister of Food, Major Gwilym Lloyd-George, has told the House of Commons that he has no doubt that stocks are sufficient. He has ordered a one-off allocation of extra sugar to manufacturers to help them meet the anticipated surge in demand. [PAR] Sugar still rationed [PAR] Sugar itself, though, still remains rationed, and manufacturers say the Ministry of Food should have freed sugar supplies as well as those of sweets and chocolate. [PAR] As it is, they will have to make enough sweets to meet the demand of a de-rationed market, but with only 54% of the sugar supplies they had before the war. [PAR] However, overall the industry gave a warm welcome to the news. \"We are very glad about it,\" said a spokesman for the Cocoa, Chocolate and Confectionery Alliance. \"We will do all we can to make it work.\" [PAR] So far, despite the heavy sales, there have been no signs of panic buying, even though there are already shortages of the most popular brands. [PAR] One reason may be that the price of confectionery has nearly doubled during the war, and many have not been taking up their full 6oz ration. [PAR] Sweet coupons, though, will be with us for some time yet: it takes so long to print all 50m ration books that next year's have been designed already, sweet ration and all.[DOC] [TLE] Rationing - http://www.home-guard.org.uk \u00bb The Home Guard Rationing [PAR] Food rationing first began in January 1940 with butter, bacon and sugar. As supplies of other foods became scarce, rationing was extended to include meat, butter, margarine, cooking fat, tea, eggs and cheese. For some commodities special distribution schemes were devised and the Points and Personal Points Rationing Schemes were intrdouced. [PAR] Some foods were rationed beyond the end of the war. [PAR] Canned meats and condensed milk were rationed until 23rd April 1950; [PAR] Canned fish and canned fruits were rationed until 19th May 1950; [PAR] Tea was rationed until 5th October 1952; [PAR] Eggs were rationed until 26th March 1953; [PAR] Chocolate and sweets were rationed until 26th September 1953 [PAR] At the end of 1953, bacon, cheese, butter, margarine, meat and sugar were all still rationed. [PAR] Ordinary Rationing Scheme [PAR] This was the 'standard' rationing scheme which most people are familiar with and covered meats, tea,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cattleya Orchids | Types of Flowers with Pictures | HGTV Cattleya Orchids | Types of Flowers with Pictures | HGTV [PAR] Flowers Orchids Plants Houseplants [PAR] Celebrate beauty by growing one of the most recognized flowers, the cattleya orchid. This orchid type is well known because it produces the blossoms used to create corsages. Cattleya orchids are sometimes referred to as the \u201cQueen of Orchids.\u201d The flowers are large and frequently fragrant, and they come in a rainbow of colors thanks to the efforts of plant hybridizers. But the original cattleya orchid species opens flowers in the bright purple shade that coined the color \u201corchid.\u201d [PAR] Cattleya orchids grow on tree branches in the American tropics and subtropics, where the orchid\u2019s roots are exposed to air. This type of growth pattern is known as epiphytic, meaning that cattleya orchid roots thrive with air movement. The need for air around roots is probably the main reason cattleya orchids don\u2019t make it. They need an orchid potting mix that provides good air flow to roots. [PAR] Consider blending expanded clay pellets with other orchid potting mix elements, such as tree fern bark, hardwood charcoal, perlite or redwood chips. There really isn\u2019t one correct orchid potting mix to use with cattleya orchids. The ideal mix is one that works with your growing conditions and the type of container you use. [PAR] Many growers have success raising cattleya orchids on slabs or in slat baskets. Both of these growing techniques provide excellent air flow to roots. With any orchid potting mix, it\u2019s a good idea to replace it every so often. Cattleya orchids tend to need repotted every two to three years. When you\u2019re repotting orchids, use that time to inspect slat baskets or slabs for signs of rot. [PAR] In the home, give cattleya orchids a spot near a bright window. The plants prefer high light in the morning and early evening, but need protection from the sun\u2019s hottest rays at midday. The rule of thumb for providing light to cattleya orchids is to aim for bright shade, with sunlight early and/or late in the day. [PAR] Cattleya orchids experience cycles of wet and dry growing conditions in their native forest settings. Rain storms blow in water, followed by gusts of wind that dry plant roots. Cattleya orchids have thickened stems known as pseudobulbs. In the wild, these pseudobulbs store moisture for the orchid plant to use during the dry season. In a home setting, pseudobulbs still store water, so it\u2019s important not to overwater plants. [PAR] These pretty orchids have actively growing and dormant times in their annual growth patterns. The dormant, resting time can last for a few weeks or months. During the active growth time, provide regular water and fertilizer. For orchid fertilizer, use a balanced fertilizer (numbers like 20-20-20) that contains micronutrients.[DOC] [TLE] Cattleya Orchid Care: The Basics | www.OrchidsMadeEasy.com Cattleya Orchid Care: The Basics | www.OrchidsMadeEasy.com [PAR] Order Our Book [PAR] Cattleya Orchid Care: The Basics [PAR] Cattleya (KAT-lee-ah) orchids have been popular plants for home growers for a long time. The Cattleya is a genus that has over 100 species and numerous hybrids which range in bloom size, color, and smell. Cattleyas are sometimes referred to as \u201cQueen of Flowers\u201d because of their big showy blooms and are often used to make corsages. Cattleyas are epiphytes (air dwellers) and each flower stalk grows from a pseudobulb which they use for water storage. Their large roots are covered with a spongy velamen which retains nutrients and water. Cattleyas generally bloom once a year and the blooms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About: Rob Andrew - DBpedia About: Rob Andrew [PAR] About: Rob Andrew [PAR] An Entity of Type : athlete , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] Christopher Robert \"Rob\" Andrew MBE (born 18 February 1963 in Richmond, Yorkshire), nicknamed \"Squeaky\", is a former English rugby union footballer and currently Professional Rugby Director at the RFU. He was formerly the Director of Rugby of Newcastle Falcons. As a player, Andrew was assured in his kicking and defensive skills off both feet. Andrew also had a brief career in first-class cricket. [PAR] Property [PAR] abstract [PAR] Christopher Robert Andrew, n\u00e9 le \u00e0 Richmond, est un joueur de rugby anglais, \u00e9voluant au poste de demi d'ouverture. Il est l'un des joueurs les plus controvers\u00e9s de l'histoire du rugby anglais. Critiqu\u00e9 pour un jeu privil\u00e9giant le jeu au pied, et pour un taux de r\u00e9ussite non satisfaisant aux yeux de ses d\u00e9tracteurs, il a m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 comme le \u00ab pire joueur ayant jamais repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 l'Angleterre \u00bb par un ancien capitaine du XV de la Rose[r\u00e9f. n\u00e9cessaire]. Cependant, c'est un formidable d\u00e9fenseur et il travaille dur ses points faibles : il deviendra ainsi un des joueurs essentiels de l'\u00e8re du capitaine Will Carling \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980 et le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990. Pour ses d\u00e9buts contre la Roumanie, il marque 18 points, un record pour sa premi\u00e8re s\u00e9lection. Bien qu'il soit l'ouvreur titulaire jusqu'\u00e0 la Coupe du monde de rugby 1987, il n'y dispute que 2 matchs dont l'un en tant que rempla\u00e7ant. En automne 1988, bien qu'il soit pressenti pour devenir capitaine du XV anglais, Will Carling lui est pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Celui-ci commence par une grande victoire contre l'\u00e9quipe d'Australie \u00e0 Twickenham. En 1989, apr\u00e8s une premi\u00e8re d\u00e9sillusion \u00e0 la suite de sa non-s\u00e9lection pour les Lions, il fait finalement partie de la tourn\u00e9e en Australie en rempla\u00e7ant d'un bless\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s une premi\u00e8re d\u00e9faite, il participe grandement \u00e0 la victoire dans le second par son jeu au pied qui \u00e9loigne la menace Michael Lynagh. La victoire 19-18 dans le 3e donne la victoire dans la s\u00e9rie et un nouveau prestige en Angleterre. Lors du Tournoi des Cinq Nations suivant, en 1990, le Grand Chelem se joue lors du dernier match entre les 2 pr\u00e9tendants \u00e0 la victoire \u00e0 Murrayfield. Finalement le XV \u00e9cossais de Gavin Hastings remporte le match et le grand chelem. L'Angleterre prend sa revanche avec deux grands chelems lors des 2 \u00e9ditions suivantes. Entre temps, la Coupe du monde de rugby 1991 se d\u00e9roule en partie \u00e0 domicile. Bien que favoris, les anglais y perdent leur premier match contre les Blacks. Cependant, ils atteignent la finale, battus par les Australiens de Nick Farr-Jones. Malgr\u00e9 la perte de sa place d'ouvreur en Angleterre, il fait \u00e0 nouveau partie du squad des Lions en 1993 en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande o\u00f9 il dispute 2 nouveaux tests pour une d\u00e9faite dans la s\u00e9rie par 2 \u00e0 1. Il devient ensuite le buteur titulaire du XV anglais apr\u00e8s avoir beaucoup travaill\u00e9 sur sa technique. Il prouve imm\u00e9diatement ses nouvelles qualit\u00e9s lors d'une tourn\u00e9e en Afrique du Sud o\u00f9 il marque 27 points lors du premier test victorieux contre les Boks \u00e0 Pretoria. Le tournoi 1995 voit l'Angleterre renouer avec le grand chelem. La Coupe du monde qui suit en Afrique du Sud voit les anglais \u00e9chouer en demi-finale, assomm\u00e9s par les Blacks d'un certain Jonah Lomu. Il ne rejouera avec le XV anglais qu'une seule fois 2 ans plus tard lors d'un match du tournoi contre les Gallois. Finalement, lorsqu'il prend sa retraite internationale, il d\u00e9tient un"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types - Frosting or Icing, Fillings and Glazes ... Types - Frosting or Icing, Fillings and Glazes | CraftyBaking | Formerly Baking911 [PAR] Types - Frosting or Icing, Fillings and Glazes [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2000 Sarah Phillips CraftyBaking.com All rights reserved. [PAR] The basic frosting or icing recipe contains butter, sugar, and a liquid such as water or milk. More liquid is added for a glaze. Flavorings such as extracts, fruit zest or juice, and chocolate are often added. Sugar is the most important ingredient in all types of frostings, providing sweetness, flavor, bulk and structure. For richer flavor, unsalted grade A butter is used instead of margarine or shortening, but icings made with shortening will hold up better in warmer environments. For safety, frostings containing raw eggs should be heated to certain temperatures to kill any bacteria. Frostings containing egg whites should be whipped with oil-free utensils. Any oil on utensils or in the mixing bowl will prevent the egg whites from whipping into peaks. [PAR] SARAH SAYS: If tinting the filling, frosting, etc use restraint. I recommend using gel food colors because they are much more subtle than the paste ones, and allow for a greater margin of error. Mix the color a few shades lighter than you want because as it dries, the color will get darker as it sits, especially overnight. Always mix more than you think you'll need of each. It is almost impossible to mix the exact color again if you need more. [PAR] How Much Frosting or Icing Do I Need to Cover my Cake With? Answer [PAR] How much Fondant do I need to cover my cake with? Answer [PAR] Commonly used frostings or icings, fillings and glazes: [PAR] DESCRIPTION / CONSISTENCY [PAR] ex: Seven Minute Vanilla Bean Icing Recipe [PAR] Made by warming egg whites, sugar, and a bit of water and beating until it's fluffy and glossy. Substituting light brown sugar for granulated sugar makes sea-foam frosting. Sets quickly. [PAR] Most commonly used both between layers and to cover a devil's food cake. / Is pure white and can be tinted to yield pastels. [PAR] Best used immediately. Iced cake can be stored at room temperature. Keeps for about 24 hours, and then deflates. Does not freeze well. [PAR] Will deflate if mixed with ingredients containing fat such as chocolate or whipped cream. [PAR] AMERICAN BUTTERCREAM / CONFECTIONERS' SUGAR ICING [PAR] Several styles. Is most popular choice for frosting. Sweet, buttery flavior. Can be slightly gritty. Great for most decorating. [PAR] Butter(and/or shortening) and cream or milk are beaten together, and then confectioners' sugar added. Flavored with extracts and chocolate. Can be made thin to stiff consistency, and fluffy or smooth. [PAR] Bettercream from www.richs.com : whipped buttercream icing used to decorate cakes that store bakeries use. [PAR] Use as an frosting and filling. Can be piped for smooth, borders, writing. Most decorations including roses, drop flowers, sweet peas and figure piping. Flowers remain soft enough to be cut with a knife. Use or serve at room temperature. / Yields all colors. Most colors deepen overnight. Some colors may fade sitting in bright light. [PAR] Icing can be refrigerated in an airtight container for 2 weeks or frozen. Iced cake can be stored at cool side of room temperature for 2-3 days. [PAR] Does not hold up well in warm weather, unless shortening is used. Jams and ganache are always great alternatives to buttercream fillings and hold-up well in warm weather. [PAR] BUTTERCREAM - FRENCH [PAR] Swiss Meringue Buttercream Recipe (SMBC) [PAR] [PAR] Both use only egg whites,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] carillon | musical instrument | Britannica.com carillon | musical instrument | Britannica.com [PAR] musical instrument [PAR] Matthias van den Gheyn [PAR] Carillon, musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze bells in fixed suspension, tuned in chromatic order (i.e., in half steps) and capable of concordant harmony when sounded together. Customarily located in a tower, it is played from a clavier , or keyboard, containing wooden levers and pedals wired to clappers or, less commonly, from an ivory keyboard with electric action operating the clappers; but only the first method permits expression through variation of touch. On some instruments a part of the range is capable of automatic play by use of perforated rolls. [PAR] Carillon in the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, St. Petersburg. [PAR] RuED [PAR] A discussion of the large carillon in Sather Tower at the University of California, Berkeley. [PAR] Displayed by permission of The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Learn about the importance of the Peace Tower Carillon in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. [PAR] \u00a9 Library of Parliament (Canada) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Most carillons encompass three to four octaves , a few five and even six. Although the bourdon, or lowest note, can be any pitch, it often sounds around middle C. In heavy instruments the bell to produce this note may weigh 6 to 8 tons, occasionally 10 or 12; the world\u2019s heaviest, at the Riverside Church, New York City, weighs 20 tons. Carillon bells diminish in size and weight with the upward scale to extreme trebles of about 20 pounds (9 kilograms). Playing large instruments\u2014using fists and feet\u2014takes considerable physical exertion, as clappers weighing as much as several hundred pounds must be swung. (The heaviest clappers are counterbalanced.) [PAR] Most carillon music has been arranged for a specific instrument by its player. Baroque music of the 17th and 18th centuries adapts to bells; much of Vivaldi , Couperin, Corelli, Handel , Bach, and Mozart is admirably suited to carillon transcription. Nineteenth-century Romantic music must be chosen selectively, and contemporary music even more so. Improvisation is extensively employed, particularly on folk songs and other familiar themes. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] music synthesizer [PAR] The word carillon was originally applied in France to four stationary clock bells (hence the medieval Latin name quadrilionem) and later referred to any group of fixed bells. During the 14th century a weight-driven revolving pegged drum was invented that could be connected to clockworks; the pegs tripped levers wired to hammers, which in turn struck the bells. For the next 150 years, clock chimes struck by this method produced simple note sequences or melodies preceding the hour strike in church and town-hall towers. Interest in the musical potential of bells was greatest in Belgium and the Netherlands , where bell founding had reached an advanced stage and a bell profile had been developed that produced a more musical sound than those of foreign founders. The set of bells now known as a carillon originated in Flanders , possibly at Aalst or Antwerp, in about 1480. The Flemish devised a wooden keyboard for use alongside the chiming cylinder. This innovation became popular throughout Belgium and the Netherlands and northern France but was widely adopted elsewhere only in modern times. [PAR] Carillon art reached a pinnacle in the latter half of the 17th century with the founders Fran\u00e7ois and Pierre H\u00e9mony of the Netherlands. They were the first to tune the bells with precision, especially with regard to a bell\u2019s inner tuning (i.e., of the partial tones"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zulu War 1879 (South Africa) - Military History Zulu War 1879 (South Africa) [PAR] Zulu War 1879 (South Africa) [PAR] Tweet [PAR] The Zulu war of 1879 finally ended by bloodshed two years of political activity by the British designed to remove the last challenge to their Imperial power in southern Africa. Zululand had become a powerful kingdom under the rule of the warlord king Shaka in the early 19th century, but by 1870 European colonial expansion was starting to hem it in. The British were expanding from the south in Natal and the Boers, Dutch settlers were expanding from the west in the area know as the Transvaal which the British annexed to their future cost in 1877. The British had seized their South African colonies during the Napoleonic Wars but these possessions had been plagued with trouble due to violence between the British, the Boers and local African kingdoms. The British plan was to unite black and white under their rule, but first the Zulu kingdom had to be removed. [PAR] At this time the British were fighting many small wars in various colonies and did not want another war in a distant colony. Despite this the British High Commissioner Sir Henry Bartle Frere and the Army Commander, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederic Thesiger soon to be the new Lord Chelmsford, decided that war with the Zulus was unavoidable. Using the delay in communications between London and themselves they set in motion what they hoped would be a small quick war. Using a minor border incident as justification Zulu representatives were summoned to a meeting of the Border Commission which actually found in the Zulu's favour but determined to promote the idea of a Zulu threat a condition was imposed on the settlement that the Zulus would have to give up their military system which was key to their culture, a condition the King Cetshwayo could never accept. [PAR] Lord Chelmsford decided to invade Zululand with 3 columns leaving 2 more to protect Natal and the Transvaal. He expected the Zulus to behave like the other African Armies he had fought and prove elusive and unwilling to fight pitched battles. This was to prove a serious mistake. British forces crossed the ford at Rorke's Drift on the 11th Jan 1879 and on the 22nd January the British forces divided by Chelmsford were taken by surprise and nearly destroyed by the Zulu warriors at the battle of Isandhlwana, one of the few times in the history of the British Army that is has been defeated by a native Army. The British forces holding the Ford at Rorke's Drift quickly came under heavy attack by Zulu reserves leading to one of the most famous battles in British history. When news reached Britain of the disaster at Isandhlwana it caused an uproar. [PAR] In March 1879 the second phase of the war began Chelmsford reorganised his troops and awaited promised reinforcements from Britain which would take several months to arrive. With irregular horsemen harassing the Zulu's and an abortive attack on Hlobane mountain which cost 15 officers and 79 men dead the war dragged on as Chelmsford awaited fresh troops. The war began to turn to favour the British as a Zulu attack on the British camp at the battle of Khambula was repulsed on 29th March 1879. In the aftermath of the battle it was clear that the Zulu Impi would never take to the battlefield with such confidence again and the way was clear for a second invasion. As fresh British troops started to arrive the final invasion of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amphorae - definition of amphorae by The Free Dictionary Amphorae - definition of amphorae by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Amphorae - definition of amphorae by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/amphorae [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] am\u00b7pho\u00b7ra [PAR] (\u0103m\u2032f\u0259r-\u0259) [PAR] n. pl. am\u00b7pho\u00b7rae (-f\u0259-r\u0113\u2032) or am\u00b7pho\u00b7ras [PAR] A two-handled jar with a narrow neck used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to carry wine or oil. [PAR] [Middle English, from Latin, from Greek amphoreus, short for amphiphoreus : amphi-, amphi- + phoreus, bearer (from pherein, to bear; see bher-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots).] [PAR] am\u2032pho\u00b7ral adj. [PAR] n, pl -phorae (-f\u0259\u02ccri\u02d0) or -phoras [PAR] (Archaeology) an ancient Greek or Roman two-handled narrow-necked jar for oil, wine, etc [PAR] [C17: from Latin, from Greek amphoreus, from amphi- + phoreus bearer, from pherein to bear] [PAR] am\u2022pho\u2022ra [PAR] n., pl. -pho\u2022rae (-f\u0259\u02ccri) [PAR] -pho\u2022ras. [PAR] a large earthenware storage vessel of Greek and Roman antiquity, having an oval body with two handles extending from below the lip to the shoulder. [PAR] [1300\u201350; Middle English < Latin < Greek amphore\u00fas=am(phi)- amphi - + phore\u00fas bearer (i.e., handle), akin to ph\u00e9rein to bear 1] [PAR] am\u2032pho\u2022ral, adj. [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] amphora - an ancient jar with two handles and a narrow neck; used to hold oil or wine [PAR] jar - a vessel (usually cylindrical) with a wide mouth and without handles [PAR] Translations [PAR] [\u02c8\u00e6mf\u0259r\u0259] N (amphoras, amphorae (pl)) [\u02c8\u00e6mf\u0259\u02ccri\u02d0] \u2192 \u00e1nfora f [PAR] amphora [PAR] n pl <-s or -e> (form) \u2192 Amphora f, \u2192 Amphore f [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] stamnos [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] Nevertheless, there are to-day in the artistic youth so much life, power, and, so to speak, predestination, that in our schools of architecture in particular, at the present time, the professors, who are detestable, produce, not only unconsciously but even in spite of themselves, excellent pupils; quite the reverse of that potter mentioned by Horace, who dreamed amphorae and produced pots.[DOC] [TLE] amphora - definition and meaning - wordnik.com amphora - definition and meaning [PAR] amphora [PAR] Definitions [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] n. A two-handled jar with a narrow neck used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to carry wine or oil. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] n. A two handled jar with a narrow neck that was used in ancient times to store or carry wine or oils. [PAR] from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] n. Among the ancients, a two-handled vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil, etc. [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] n. Among the Greeks and Romans, a vessel, usually tall and slender, having two handles or ears, a narrow neck, and generally a sharp-pointed base for insertion into a stand or into the ground: used for holding wine, oil, honey, grain, etc. [PAR] n. A liquid measure of the Greeks and Romans. [PAR] n. In botany, the permanent basal portion of a pyxidium. [PAR] n. [capitalized] [NL.] In zoology: A genus of Polygastrica. Ehrenberg. A genus of coleopterous insects. Wollaston. [PAR] from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. [PAR] n. an ancient jar with two handles and a narrow neck; used to hold oil or wine [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Pitt the Younger | World Public Library - eBooks ... William Pitt the Younger | World Public Library - eBooks | Read eBooks online [PAR] William Pitt the Younger [PAR] English [PAR] Subject: [PAR] Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth , George Canning , Frederick North, Lord North , Spencer Perceval , William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham [PAR] Collection: [PAR] 10 May 1804 \u2013 23 January 1806 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] 1 January 1801 \u2013 14 March 1801 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] (as Prime Minister of Great Britain) [PAR] Succeeded by [PAR] 19 December 1783 \u2013 1 January 1801 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] 10 May 1804 \u2013 23 January 1806 [PAR] Preceded by [PAR] 19 December 1783 \u2013 1 January 1801 [PAR] Preceded by [PAR] 10 July 1782 \u2013 31 March 1783 [PAR] Preceded by [PAR] Statue of Pitt at Pembroke College, Cambridge [PAR] The huge monument to William Pitt the Younger, Guildhall, London faces an equally huge monument to his father, William Pitt the Elder in a balanced composition [PAR] William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 \u2013 23 January 1806) was a British politician of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He became the youngest Prime Minister in 1783 at the age of 24. He left office in 1801, but was Prime Minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also the Chancellor of the Exchequer throughout his premiership. He is known as \"the Younger\" to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt the Elder , who had previously served as Prime Minister. [PAR] The younger Pitt's prime ministerial tenure, which came during the reign of French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars . Pitt, although often referred to as a Tory , or \"new Tory\", called himself an \"independent Whig \" and was generally opposed to the development of a strict partisan political system. [PAR] He is best known for leading Britain in the great wars against France and Napoleon . Pitt was an outstanding administrator who worked for efficiency and reform, bringing in a new generation of outstanding administrators. He raised taxes to pay for the great war against France and cracked down on radicalism. To meet the threat of Irish support for France, he engineered the Acts of Union 1800 and tried (but failed) to get Catholic Emancipation as part of the Union. Pitt created the \"new Toryism\", which revived the Tory Party and enabled it to stay in power for the next quarter-century. [PAR] Historian Asa Briggs points out that his personality did not endear itself to the British mind, for Pitt was too solitary, too colourless, and too often exuded superiority. His greatness came in the war with France, with the adversary setting the pace. Pitt reacted to become what Lord Minto called \"the Atlas of our reeling globe\". His integrity and industry and his role as defender of the threatened nation allowed him to inspire and access all the national reserves of strength. William Wilberforce said that, \"For personal purity, disinterestedness and love of this country, I have never known his equal.\"[1] Historian Charles Petrie concludes that he was one of the greatest prime ministers \"if on no other ground than that he enabled the country to pass from the old order to the new without any violent upheaval....He understood the new Britain.\"[2] For this he is ranked highly amongst British Prime Ministers . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Impact of the American War of Independence 2.1 [PAR] Rise to power 3 [PAR] Places named after him 13.2 [PAR] References 14 [PAR] The Honourable William Pitt, second son of [PAR] Categories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Krimml Waterfalls in Salzburg, Austria Krimml Waterfalls in Salzburg, Austria [PAR] Order [PAR] Krimml Waterfalls [PAR] Enjoy a spectacular hike to Austria\u2019s highest waterfalls. The three stages of the hike, starting in the village of Krimml, take you to ever more spectacular views of the falls and the surrounding countryside. Bring your camera and capture the most beautiful section of the falls! [PAR] The gorgeous scenery of the Hohe Tauern National Park is your backdrop when hiking from the little village of Krimml, in the province of Salzburg, to Central Europe\u2019s tallest waterfalls: the \u201cKrimml Waterfalls.\u201d From a height of 380 meters, the mountain waters of the Krimmler Ache, a glacial creek, plunge over three tiers to the valley below. [PAR] Walk for about 30 minutes from the southern end of the village, high above the Salzach valley, along the path to the first view point, the Lower Falls. The Riemannkanzel and the third view point are only about 5 minutes apart. Further along, the Regenkanzel takes you to the Middle Falls where you can literally feel the power of the water. [PAR] If you feel like taking a break, the Schoenangerl restaurant at 4,216 ft. is the perfect place to do so. Of course, you\u2019ll find the finest view at the Bergerblick, the top of the falls. Expect to spend 1 \u00bd hours to hike to the top. Tectonic shifts pushed the earth up to create the high distance to the bottom of the falls. Don\u2019t miss the Krimmler Ache, which is the source of the waterfall! [PAR] Immediately adjacent to the falls, find the WasserWunderWelt, an aquatic theme park that depicts water in its countless forms.[DOC] [TLE] A Trip to the Krimml Waterfall - Europe's Highest ... A Trip to the Krimml Waterfall - Europe's Highest Waterfall - YouTube [PAR] A Trip to the Krimml Waterfall - Europe's Highest Waterfall [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jun 19, 2011 [PAR] This video was shot in June 2011 at the waterfall at Krimml, Austria. It is Europe's highest waterfall and a must for anyone passing. [PAR] With their impressive waterfall drop of 380 m the Krimml Waterfalls are the fifth highest in the world and Europe's tallest waterfalls. With approx. 350,000 visitors each year they are one of the most visited tourist features in Austria. A hiking trail built by the Austrian Alpine Association (OeAV) makes it possible to get very close to this breathtaking nature spectacle, affording sensational views."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characters: Much Ado about Nothing - Utah Shakespeare Festival Characters: Much Ado about Nothing \u2014 Utah Shakespeare Festival [PAR] Characters: Much Ado about Nothing [PAR] Characters: Much Ado about Nothing [PAR] Don Pedro: The visiting prince of Aragon and longtime friend of many in Messina, Don Pedro is a resourceful young man who likes action and entertainment. He is a half-brother of Don John and close companion of Claudio and Benedick. [PAR] Don John: The illegitimate half-brother of Don Pedro, Don John has recently fought with his more powerful and more noble brother, but they have reached an uneasy reconciliation. He is a malcontent and a villain; however, compared with Shakespeare\u2019s other dark characters, Don John is a mild and rather ineffective villain. Borachio does his thinking for him. His machinations are regarded, like many other parts of the play, as amounting to nothing. [PAR] Claudio: A young man from Florence, Claudio is a dear friend of Don Pedro and Benedick and quickly falls in love and is betrothed to Hero. In the beginning of the play, he is a weak and rather ineffective character, though he shows some growth before the end of the play. Still, he is typical of a certain breed of Shakespearean characters who are inferior to the women they marry. [PAR] Benedick: A young man from Padua, Benedick has a sparkling wit, is a friend of Don Pedro and Claudio, and has vowed he will never marry; however, in the end he too is smitten by love and makes an ideal match with Beatrice. One of Shakespeare\u2019s comic heroes, Benedick is quick to act on belief and feeling. For example, once convinced that Beatrice is in love with him, he is willing to go to any extreme to please her, even that of killing Claudio. [PAR] Leonato: The governor of Messina, father of Hero, and uncle of Beatrice, Leonato is host to Don Pedro and his comrades-in-arms. At first somewhat unappreciative and untrusting of his daughter, he is convinced in the end that Hero is blameless and deserving of pity and sympathy, rather than censure. [PAR] Antonio: The brother of Leonato and the uncle of Hero and Beatrice, Antonio is Leonato\u2019s helpful and trusting friend throughout the play. [PAR] Balthasar: A musician employed by Don Pedro, Balthasar attends faithfully to his prince. [PAR] Borachio: A drunken and unscrupulous follower of Don John, Borachio almost outdoes his master in villainy. He will do almost anything for money, and it is he who stages a scene with Margaret that practically wrecks the lives of Hero and Claudio. [PAR] Conrade: Another of Don John\u2019s henchmen, Conrade is an underling to Borachio and helps him in his treacherous plots. [PAR] Friar Francis: The priest who performs the marriage ceremony of Claudio and Hero, he believes in Hero\u2019s innocence and is the driving force behind clearing her name. [PAR] Dogberry: A comic character, Dogberry is the constable who unwittingly uncovers the villainous plot against Claudio and Hero. Coarse, ignorant, dunderheaded, and likable, his blundering efforts contribute much humor to the play. [PAR] Verges: The headborough of the region, Verges is as equally simple and comic as his companion, Dogberry. [PAR] Hero: The only daughter of Leonato and cousin and constant companion of Beatrice, Hero quickly wins Claudio\u2019s heart and then suffers much as the result of Don John\u2019s machinations. She is not a strong character and is overshadowed by the scintillating Beatrice. She does show some growth and character development, however, and matures because of the suffering she goes through. She is much more ready for marriage at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | MUSIC | Larry Adler: Mouth organ virtuoso BBC News | MUSIC | Larry Adler: Mouth organ virtuoso [PAR] Tuesday, 7 August, 2001, 08:45 GMT 09:45 UK [PAR] Larry Adler: Mouth organ virtuoso [PAR] Larry Adler made the mouth organ a revered artform [PAR] Virtuoso musician Larry Adler has died aged 87, having elevated the humble harmonica from being a playground toy to a serious concert hall instrument. [PAR] Larry Adler was the best-known mouth organist in the world. [PAR] His music for the classic film Genevieve in 1953 made him a wealthy man - and famous in England, his adopted home. [PAR] His life was a who's who of celebrity associations. He played with everyone from Fred Astaire to Sir Elton John and counted kings and prime ministers among his friends. [PAR] Lawrence Cecil Adler was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on 10 February 1914, the son of Louis and Sadie Adler. [PAR] At the age of five, he was taken to a Rachmaninov concert and developed his own musical skills within the framework of the Adler family's orthodox Judaism. [PAR] He was the youngest cantor, singer in a synagogue, in Baltimore and made himself unpopular by chiding his schoolmates for their lack of religious piety. [PAR] Runaway [PAR] He was enrolled at the prestigious Peabody School of Music to study the piano. [PAR] Larry Adler: friend of Chaplin and Ingrid Bergman [PAR] Shortly afterwards he started playing the harmonica, which he always called a \"mouth organ\". [PAR] Still a teenager, he ran away to New York where, with his parents' eventual consent, he became a professional musician. [PAR] Adler's virtuosity was such that he could pick out a tune simply by hearing it once and he brought to the harmonica the musical richness which was once the reserve of purely classical soloists. [PAR] The Chicago Herald said Adler was able to produce \"a tone reminiscent of many instruments, which tone is as varied as those that emerge from a symphony orchestra\". [PAR] After seeing Adler play in New York in 1934, the English impresario C B Cochrane was so impressed that he immediately offered to sign the young man to star in his London review, Streamline. [PAR] Before long he was playing for, and being f\ufffdted by, the crowned heads of Europe as well as former monarchs like the Duke of Windsor. [PAR] Respectable [PAR] In the 30s and 40s he worked with everyone from big bands to George Gershwin and the British composer Vaughan Williams, who wrote a work especially for him. [PAR] To many he was the man who made the mouth organ respectable - though he never meant to. [PAR] George Gershwin was a major influence [PAR] He once admitted, \"All I wanted to do was to get the hell out of Baltimore, which I hated. I wanted to go on the stage, which I was magnetically drawn to.\" [PAR] A friend of the stars, Charlie Chaplin was a personal friend and he romanced such screen goddesses as Greta Garbo and Ingrid Bergman. [PAR] The war years saw Larry Adler entertaining Allied troops. It ended with him personally liberating the Hohner harmonica factory in Germany. [PAR] The company rewarded him with a crateful of the instruments. [PAR] But Adler's life changed forever in 1949. While on a tour of Britain, he was called to testify to the McCarthyite House Un-American Activities Committee. Refusing to do so, he stayed and made his home in England. [PAR] Gershwin [PAR] Branded a communist in his homeland where he was blacklisted, Larry Adler re-built his life."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cecil Rhodes - Politician | Getty Images Cecil John Rhodes, portrait c. 1900 Pictures | Getty Images [PAR] Cecil John Rhodes, portrait c. 1900 [PAR] January 01, 1900 License [PAR] Cecil John Rhodes, portrait c. 1900. Cecil Rhodes was an English-born businessman,...Cecil John Rhodes, portrait c. 1900. Cecil Rhodes was an English-born businessman, mining magnate, and politician in South Africa. Founded the diamond company De Beers. B. 5 July 1853 \u0096 26 March 1902. LessMore[DOC] [TLE] Cecil Rhodes Quote - Famous Quotes, Proverbs and Sayings I contend that we are the first race in the world, and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the... [PAR] Died: March 26, 1902 (aged 48) [PAR] Nationality: British [PAR] Occupation: Statesman [PAR] Bio: Sir Cecil John Rhodes PC, DCL was an English-born South African businessman, mining magnate, and politician. He was the founder of the diamond company De Beers, which today markets 40% of the world's rough diamonds and at one time marketed 90%. An ardent believer in British colonialism, he was the founder of the state of Rhodesia, which was named after him."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Mahjong game - Mahjong About Mahjong game - Mahjong [PAR] Solitaire rules [PAR] About Mahjong game [PAR] Whether its called Ma Jong, Mah Jong, Mah Jongg, Ma Diao, Ma Cheuk, Mah Cheuck, Baak Ling, or Pung Chow the history of this game is as intriguing as the game itself. [PAR] Throughout history many theories have been presented regarding the origin of the game. One suggests that it had been played on Noah's Ark during the 40 days and nights of rain. East had been the prevailing wind during the storm thus becoming the dominant seat in playing the game. This theory would suggest that the game would date back to around 2350 BC. [PAR] Another very interesting story suggests that Confucius the great Chinese philosopher had developed the game about 500 BC. The appearance of the game in various Chinese provinces coincides with Confucius' travels at the time he was teaching his new doctrines. The three \"Cardinal\" tiles also coincide with the three Cardinal virtues taught by Confucius. Chung (middle) the Red, Fa (prosperity) the Green, Po (white) the white, Benevolence, Sincerity, and Filial Piety. Confucius was said to be fond of birds, which would explain the name Mah Jong (Hemp Bird). [PAR] Terms used in the play of the game \"Pung,\" \"Chee,\" and \"Kong\" also add support to this theory. Confucius was of the Kong family his full name being Kong-Fu-Tze, he married a girl named Che and adopted the term \"Chee\" meaning 'to connect' which occidentals corrupted into \"Chow\". [PAR] Although these as well as various other stories lend themselves to a very interesting background to the game, the most logical theory suggests that the game had been developed from various Chinese games. During the Sung Dynasty (960-1279 AD) a game called \"Ya Pei\" which is played with 32 cards made of either wood or ivory, and are oblong in shape similar to the present day Ma Jong tiles. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) a game called \"Ma Tiae\" (Hanging Horse) was invented. This game was played with 40 paper cards similar in appearance to the cards used in the game Ya Pei. These forty cards were numbered 1 to 9 in four different suits along with four additional flower cards are quite similar to the numbering of mah jong cards today. It is thought that roughly around 1850 AD in the city of Ningpo two brothers had created mah jong from the earlier game of ma tiae. [PAR] The introduction to the western world is thought to have begun with two brothers named White, which in the early 1900's introduced mah jong to the English clubs of Shanghai, where it quickly gained popularity among the foreign residents. Importation of mah jong tiles began with Joseph P. Babcock, who at that time was the Soochow representative of the Standard Oil Company. He simplified the game eliminating most of the limit hand scoring, and retained only the essential basic scores. Mr. Babcock is also credited with starting the practice of putting English numerals on the tiles, and in September of 1920 he copyrighted and put his rules into print for the first time. It wasn't however until two years later a lumber merchant from San Francisco named W. A. Hammond formed the Mah Jongg Sales Company of San Francisco and began importing large quantities of sets.[DOC] [TLE] Mahjong Wiki (\u9ebb\u5c06\u7ef4\u57fa) Mahjong Wiki (\u9ebb\u5c06\u7ef4\u57fa) [PAR] Mahjong Wiki (\u9ebb\u5c06\u7ef4\u57fa) [PAR] edit this panel [PAR] From Mahjong Wiki, the mahjong encyclopedia [PAR] The Beginner's Guide will introduce you to the very basics of the game. The basic rules"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gods and Goddesses 1 - FreeServers Gods and Goddesses 1 [PAR] Gods and Goddesses 1 [PAR] Here you'll find many diffrent gods and goddesses and there information [PAR] Abassi Africa Creator god of the Efik people in Nigeria. [PAR] Abeona Roman Goddess who protects children when they leave the parents' home. [PAR] Abgal Mesopotamian Seven wise-men and the attending deities of the god Enki. [PAR] Abuk Africa According to Dinka mythology, the first woman. She is the patron of women and gardens, and her emblem is a small snake. [PAR] Abundantia Roman Goddess of abundance and good fortune. She carries a cornucopia from which she distributes grain and money. [PAR] Ac Yanto Mayan God of White Men. [PAR] Acan Mayan God of Wine. [PAR] Acat Mayan God of tattooers. [PAR] Achelois Greek Moon goddess, known as she who drives away pain. Sacrifices to her were ordered by the Dodonian Oracle. [PAR] Achelous Greek God of rivers. Often assumed the shape of a bull, a horn of which was fashioned into the cornucopia. He is often seen as a bull with the torso of a man and a beard, or as an old, grey man with horns. [PAR] Acolmiztli Aztec God of the underworld. [PAR] Acolnahuacatl Aztec God of the underworld. [PAR] Adamanthea Greek The nymph who nursed the baby Zeus and hid him from his father, Cronus. [PAR] Adeona Roman Goddess who guides children back home after leaving the parents house. [PAR] Adimurti Hindu An avatar of Vishnu. [PAR] Adityas Hindu Twelve sun gods who represent the twelve months of the year. They protect against various diseases and belong to the Devas. They are: Ansa, Aryman, Bhaga, Daksha, Dhatri, Indra, Mitra, Ravi, Savitri, Surya, Varuna, and Yama. [PAR] Adonis Greek Greek youth who was loved by Aphrodite and killed by a wild boar. He was killed by a wild boar. One of many variants on the dying god myth, see Attis. [PAR] Adrammelech Mesopotamian Babylonian god (possibly of the sun) to whom babies were burned in sacrifice. [PAR] Adrasteia Greek Goddess of divine retribution or punishment for wrongs. Roman equivalent: Nemesis. Adroa Africa God of the Lugbara people. Adroa has two aspects: one good and one evil. Considered to be the creator of Heaven and Earth, and will appear to those about to die. Adroa is represented as a tall, white man with only half a body - one eye, one arm, one leg, one ear. [PAR] Adroanzi Africa The children of Lugbara god Adroa. They dwell near large trees, rocks and streams. The Adroanzi are fond of following people at night. If the person does not look back, they will be safe. If the person does look back, the Adroanzi will kill them. [PAR] Aegea Greek Goddess of, and daughter of, the Sun. When the the Titans attacked the gods of Olympus, Gaia placed her in a cave to hide her shining beauty. [PAR] Aengus Celtic God of love and harper for the Tuatha De Danann. [PAR] Aeolus Greek Custodian of the winds. When directed by the gods, he loosed the captured winds as breezes, gales, or other forces decreed by the gods. [PAR] Aequitas Roman God of honest dealing and fair transactions. [PAR] Aesir Norse Principal race of gods in Norse mythology. They included Odin, Thor, Baldur among others. [PAR] Aether Greek God of the pure air which the Gods breathe, as opposed to the Aer breathed by mortals. One of the fundamental deities of the cosmos; also called the soul from which all life emanates. [PAR] Aethon Greek God of famine in early Greece. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Meaning of the Martial Arts: Some Reflections Along ... The Meaning of the Martial Arts: Some Reflections Along the Way [PAR] The Meaning of the Martial Arts: Some Reflections Along the Way [PAR] by Diane Skoss [PAR] Did I have even the slightest idea of what I was getting into when I started my martial arts training? Absolutely not! Do I have a clue as to what's going on now? Perhaps just a hint, thanks to several extraordinary teachers and their equally extraordinary arts. Is it necessary for someone just starting out on the path of the Japanese martial ways to have an idea of what might be in store? Not really, in my opinion, since the Japanese budo are a process, not a goal. There's no way we can understand or evaluate the complete meaning of budo until we reach the end of the road; and for most of us on the path, that's the end of our days on this earth. [PAR] If the shape of the trail can't be seen while we're still on it, why then even attempt to map it? What's the point in my personal \"mission\" of providing more accurate information and explanations of the rare and often misunderstood Japanese classical warrior traditions (koryu bujutsu) to non-Japanese? Before I answer that, let's define a few terms. [PAR] One important thing I've discovered since my return to the U.S. after more than a decade in Japan is that the English term \"martial arts\" is not at all equivalent to either standard Japanese term, \"budo\" or \"bujutsu.\" We have here in the States a \"martial arts industry,\" much of which appears to me to be a grotesque, almost farcical, distortion of what I believe to be most valuable about these arts. Catering to \"clients\" is a topic of serious discussion among some instructors, and \"Kardio Kick-boxing\" is all the rage. Some even advocate dropping requirements for traditional training wear, arguing that a woman's self-esteem can be affected badly by the stiff unflattering garments we ask her to wear. [PAR] I beg your pardon? What ever happened to discipline? To learning how to do something that is perhaps a little uncomfortable or downright scary in order to stretch yourself? Learning things, without complaint, that make no sense now, but that surely and inevitably provide the building blocks for future progress and understanding? There are historical and aesthetic reasons for the Japanese keikogi we wear. Changing the uniform breaks our links to the time and culture in which our arts originated. Austerity and simplicity are the norm in dojos in Japan; photographs, flags, trophies, certificates, posters, and colorful training wear are merely an annoying distraction. The classical warrior traditions that I have learned do not exist for a participant's amusement but are serious endeavors not to be undertaken casually. The \"martial arts industry\" resembles more a fast-food restaurant, promising sure and quick results. [PAR] Now there's nothing inherently wrong with a wide variety of approaches to martial arts. Each of us begins our training for our own reasons, and we look for an art or teacher that can satisfy those needs as we understand them at that time--or at least that's what we ought to do. Some are looking for an activity to share with a friend, others for exercise; some are into competition, while some folks are looking to learn to fight, and others are looking a spiritual path. I'd argue that one of the major limitations of the McDojo mass-market approach is that it can fill only a limited range of needs and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pyramid of the Sun (the third largest pyramid in the world ... Pyramid of the Sun (the third largest pyramid in the world), Teotihuacan, Mexico Tourist Attractions and Travel [PAR] HOME > AMERICA > [PAR] Pyramid of the Sun (the third largest pyramid in the world), Teotihuacan, Mexico Tourist Attractions and Travel [PAR] The Pyramid of the Sun is the largest building in Teotihuac\u00e1n and one of the largest in Mesoamerica. Found along the Avenue of the Dead, in between the Pyramid of the Moon and the Ciudadela, and in the shadow of the massive mountain Cerro Gordo, the pyramid is part of a large complex in the heart of the city. [PAR] Pyramid of the Sun travel, Mexico Tourist Attractions [PAR] The Pyramid of the Sun was built in 2 A.D. along with the surrounding city of Teotihuacan and the Pyramid of the Moon. This ancient area was said to be the place where men became gods. Mexican lore states that the two pyramids were built to honor the birth of the Sun and Moon gods. I Priests would perform daily rituals from both pyramids in their honors. Just recently a man's body was found buried in the Moon Pyramid. The man was apparenlt buried alive with art, gold and sacrafices for the god. As a connector between the pyramids, the Avenue of the Dead runs for about a mile. The priests would walk the avenue during their religious cerimonies. Although the ancient city was a religious hub, it also was one of the largest cities at the time, and had approximately 100,000 people. [PAR] Pyramid of the Sun attractions [PAR] The name Pyramid of the Sun comes from the Aztecs, who visited the city of Teotihuac\u00e1n centuries after it was abandoned; the name given to the pyramid by the Teotihuacanos is unknown. It was constructed in two phases. The first construction stage, around 100 A.D., brought the pyramid to nearly the size it is today. The second round of construction resulted in its completed size of 738 feet (225 meters) across and 246 feet (75 meters) high, making it the third largest pyramid in the world behind the Great Pyramid of Cholula and The Great Pyramid. The second Pyramid of the Sun travel phase also saw the construction of an altar atop of the pyramid, which has not survived into modern times. The Adosada platform was added to the pyramid in the early third century, at around the same time that the Ciudadela and Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Teotihuacan Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent were constructed. [PAR] [PAR] Over the structure the ancient Teotihuacanos finished their pyramid with lime plaster imported from surrounding areas, on which they painted brilliantly colored murals. While the pyramid has endured for centuries, the paint and plaster have not and are no longer visible. Few images are thought to have been included in the mural decorations on the sides of the pyramid. Jaguar heads and paws, stars, and snake rattles are among the few images associated with the pyramids. Arch of Triumph [PAR] [PAR] It is thought that the pyramid venerated a deity within Teotihuacan society but the destruction of the temple on top of the pyramid, by both deliberate and natural forces prior to the archaeological study of the site, has so far prevented identification of the pyramid with any particular deity. Some scholars have suggested that the deity of the pyramid was the Great Goddess, one of two Pyramid of the Sun tourism major Teotihuacan deities and one of the few goddesses in ancient Mesoamerica. However, little evidence"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NME News Ben Stiller stars in new Travis video | NME.COM Ben Stiller stars in new Travis video - NME [PAR] NME [PAR] 12:48 pm - Mar 12, 2007 [PAR] 0shares [PAR] 0shares [PAR] The longtime fan guests in clip for 'Closer' [PAR] American actor Ben Stiller is to star in the video for the new Travis single \u2018Closer\u2019. [PAR] The band have just returned from filming the clip in Los Angeles. [PAR] Set in a supermarket, with each band member playing a store employee, singer Fran Healy \u2013 clad in a bear suit as the store\u2019s mascot \u2013 breaks into song, shoppers and their trolleys engage in a synchronised dance routine. [PAR] Drummer Neil Primrose dances across the aisles with a customer, until the store\u2019s manager \u2013 played by long-standing Travis fan Stiller \u2013 breaks up the fun. [PAR] The single is available for download from April 9, with a full release following on April 23. The group\u2019s new album \u2018The Boy With No Name\u2019 follows on May 7. [PAR] Travis also embark on a full UK tour in May, calling at: [PAR] Grimsby Auditorium (May 15)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St Mawes \u2013 Cornwall Online St Mawes - Cornwall Online [PAR] Portloe [PAR] St. Mawes, is a pretty harbourside village that looks out over the River Fal towards the busy maritime town of Falmouth. The dramatic Cornish coastline around St. Mawes was used as the setting for the popular television series Poldark. [PAR] This is very much a sea faring community, with boats and yachts continually setting anchor in the calm waters just beyond the main harbour. St. Mawes' sheltered location creates a a safe anchorage with easy access to the coast, the Fal and the Carricks Roads - (a large waterway created after the Ice age from an ancient valley which flooded as the melt waters caused the sea level to rise dramatically -creating an immense natural harbour, the world's third largest, which is navigable from Falmouth to Truro). [PAR] St. Mawes is an ideal spot for a family holiday. The village has two very good beaches,on either side of the harbour, both beaches are excellent for swimming and benefit from a southerly aspect - making them ideal for sunbathing. St. Mawes has several shops, a bank, cafes and hotels around the harbour as well as a Sailing Club. Tennis courts can be hired in the recreation ground nearby. [PAR] Ferries leave the main harbour at regular intervals - taking people on the short trip across the Percuil River to Anthony Head or across the Fal to the busy town of Falmouth. [PAR] The area also includes part of the coastal footpath and visitors can enjoy many lovely coastal and inland walks. [PAR] St. Mawes Castle [PAR] (English Heritage) [PAR] Built in the reign of Henry VII as a defense against invasion by France. The attack never came, but the Castle, with its three huge circular bastions (like a clover leaf) and gun ports covering every angle of approach, is a fine example of Tudor military architecture. The Castle offers some of the finest views of Falmouth and its situation on the waters edge make it a must to visit. The Castle is now in the custodianship of English Heritage and open to the public all year round. [PAR] The impressive St. Mawes Castle, and its larger sister castle, Pendennis, just add to the drama of this evocative landscape. Both Castles were built between 1539 and 1545 by Henry VIII as part of a defensive chain of fortresses to protect the south coast of England. The Castle, with its three huge circular bastions (like a clover leaf) and gun ports covering every angle of approach, is a fine example of Tudor military architecture. The Castle offers some of the finest views of Falmouth and its situation on the waters edge make it a must to visit. [PAR] The central tower was designed with four floors. You enter the tower by a bridge to the third level. The elaborate decorations were continued inside the tower, with wooden carvings of a cherub, a monk, Tudor roses and fleur-de-lis surviving to the present day. [PAR] The gun platforms at St. Mawes, were like Pendennis, well designed, with the towers upper gun deck being built with ventilation shafts above the gun placements to disperse the smoke. The forward gun room at the castle has several canons on display to the general public; you can still see the sockets in the walls that held the large beams to support the gun tackle needed to manoeuvre the large cannon. [PAR] St. Mawes, like its neighbour Pendennis did not see action against the French or the Spanish during the Tudor period. The defenses were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 8 Things You Might Not Have Known About the Canary Islands 8 Things You Might Not Have Known About the Canary Islands [PAR] 8 Things You Might Not Have Known About the Canary Islands [PAR] Posted: July 16, 2011 Categories: 8 Things , Spain [PAR] 1.7k [PAR] Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Google Pinterest Stumbleupon [PAR] After driving around the Pyreneese Mountains for a week I\u2019ve changed scenery and have gone to the Canary Islands. I\u2019ve been on the island of Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Graciosa and Tenerife and will be on La Gomera and La Palma next week. So far it has been great with amazing weather. [PAR] I realize that many people have no clue where they Canary Islands are or much about them, so I figured it was time for another installment of \u201c8 Things You Might Not Have Known\u2026\u201d [PAR] 1) They were not named after canary birds. [PAR] Despite the name, the islands were not named after canaries, the cute, chirping birds. It comes from the latin word for dog, \u201ccanaria\u201d. One story is that when some of the first Europeans arrived, they found large dogs on the island of Grand Canary. In fact, they might not even even named after dogs at all, but rather after seals which used to inhabit the island, which the Romans called \u201csea dogs\u201d. [PAR] 2) It has the highest point in Spain. [PAR] Despite having the Pyreneese mountains in its country, the highest point in Spain is actually on the island of Tenerife. El Teide is 3,718m (12,198ft) high. There are other tall peaks in the Canaries as well including Roque de los Muchachos on the island of La Palma 2,400 m (7,874 ft). This mountain is of note because it is home to one of the largest collection of astronomical telescopes in the world, including the world\u2019s largest telescope, the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias . It\u2019s high volcanic mountains which sit above the clouds makes it similar to the observing conditions you can find in Mona Kea in Hawaii. [PAR] 3) The Spanish Civil War started here. [PAR] At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, Francisco Franco was the General Commandant of the Canaries, headquartered in Las Palmas, on Grand Canary island. He and his minions plotted their strategy here in the Canaries, out of sight and mind of the rest of Spain, before moving to the continent. [PAR] Cooking over a volcano [PAR] 4) You can cook food over a volcano. [PAR] As I mentioned above, the Canary Islands are volcanic in origin. While there are no volcanoes currently erupting on the island, there was a great deal of activity on the island of Lanzarote between 1730 and 1736 when over 100 volcanoes appeared on the landscape. The last eruption was in 1824, but there is still a significant amount of heat just below the surface. If you enter Timanfaya National Park, you can visit El Diablo Restaurante where they have several demonstrations which show the heat just below the surface. In one demonstration they toss straw into a hole which bursts into flame due to the heat. In another they pour water down a whole which instantly turns into a tower of steam. At the restaurant, there is a 9m hole was which was dug to access the heat, the top of which is used as a grill. The temperature of the grill reaches 400C and uses no energy. [PAR] 5) The islands were colonized concurrently with the Americas. [PAR] While the Canary Islands were known to the ancient"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dancer Isadora Duncan is killed in car accident - Sep 14 ... Dancer Isadora Duncan is killed in car accident - Sep 14, 1927 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Dancer Isadora Duncan is killed in car accident [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Dancer Isadora Duncan is killed in car accident [PAR] Author [PAR] Dancer Isadora Duncan is killed in car accident [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On September 14, 1927, dancer Isadora Duncan is strangled in Nice, France, when the enormous silk scarf she is wearing gets tangled in the rear hubcaps of her open car. (\u201cAffectations,\u201d said Gertrude Stein when she heard the news of Duncan\u2019s death, \u201ccan be dangerous.\u201d) [PAR] Isadora Duncan was born in 1877 in San Francisco and moved to Europe to become a dancer when she was in her early 20s. She had always loved to dance\u2013in her teens, she worked as a dance teacher at her mother\u2019s music school\u2013but Duncan was not a classically trained ballerina. On the contrary, she was a free-spirited bohemian whose dances were improvisational and emotional; they were choreographed, she said, \u201cto rediscover the beautiful, rhythmical motions of the human body.\u201d In contrast to the short tutus and stiff shoes that ballet dancers wore, Duncan typically danced barefoot, wrapped in flowing togas and scarves. Female audiences, in particular, adored her: In an era when classical ballet was falling out of favor with many sophisticated people (and when the scantily-clad dancers themselves were, more often than not, \u201csponsored\u201d by wealthy male patrons), Duncan\u2019s performances celebrated independence and self-expression. [PAR] Duncan lived a self-consciously bohemian, eccentric life offstage as well: She was a feminist and a Darwinist, an advocate of free love and a Communist. (For this, her American citizenship was revoked in the early 1920s.) Meanwhile, her life was a tragic one, especially when it came to automobiles: In 1913, her two small children drowned when the car they were riding in plunged over a bridge and into the Seine in Paris, and Duncan herself was seriously injured in car accidents in 1913 and 1924. [PAR] On the day she died, Duncan was a passenger in a brand-new convertible sportscar that she was learning to drive. As she leaned back in her seat to enjoy the sea breeze, her enormous red scarf (\u201cwhich she had worn since she took up communism,\u201d one newspaper reported) somehow blew into the well of the rear wheel on the passenger side. It wound around the axle, tightening around Duncan\u2019s neck and dragging her from the car and onto the cobblestone street. She died instantly. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GO BRITANNIA! Wales: The Welsh Language GO BRITANNIA! Wales: The Welsh Language [PAR] Scotland [PAR] Welsh Language Guide [PAR] The language of Wales, more properly called Cymraeg in preference to Welsh (A Germanic word denoting \"foreigner\"), belongs to a branch of Celtic, an Indo-European language. The Welsh themselves are descendants of the Galatians, to whom Paul wrote his famous letter. Their language is a distant cousin to Irish and Scots Gaelic and a close brother to Breton. Welsh is still used by about half a million people within Wales and possibly another few hundred thousand in England and other areas overseas. [PAR] In most heavily populated areas of Wales, such as the Southeast (containing the large urban centers of Cardiff, Newport and Swansea), the normal language of everyday life is English, but there are other areas, notably in the Western and Northern regions, (Gwynedd and Dyfed particularly) where the Welsh language remains strong and highly visible. The Welsh word for their country is Cymru (Kumree), the land of the Comrades; the people are known as Cymry (Kumree) and the language as Cymraeg (Kumrige). Regional differences in spoken Welsh do not make speakers in one area unintelligible to those in another (as is so often claimed), standard Welsh is understood by Welsh speakers everywhere. [PAR] Despite its formidable appearance to the uninitiated, Welsh is a language whose spelling is entirely regular and phonetic, so that once you know the rules, you can learn to read it and pronounce it without too much difficulty. For young children learning to read, Welsh provides far fewer difficulties than does English, as the latter's many inconsistencies in spelling are not found in Welsh, in which all letters are pronounced. [PAR] THE WELSH ALPHABET: (28 letters) [PAR] A, B ,C ,Ch, D, Dd, E, F, Ff, G, Ng, H, I, L [PAR] Ll, M, N, O, P, Ph, R, Rh, S, T, Th, U, W, Y [PAR] (Note that Welsh does not possess the letters J, K, Q, V, X or Z, though you will often come across \"borrowings\" from English, such as John, Jones, Jam and Jiwbil (Jubilee); Wrexham (Wrecsam); Zw (Zoo). [PAR] THE VOWELS: (A, E, I, U, O, W, Y) [PAR] A as in man. Welsh words: am, ac Pronounced the same as in English) [PAR] E as in bet or echo. Welsh words: gest (guest); enaid (enide) [PAR] I as in pin or queen. Welsh words: ni (nee); mi (me); lili (lily); min (meen) [PAR] U as in pita: Welsh words: ganu (ganee); cu (key); Cymru (Kumree); tu (tee); un (een) [PAR] O as in lot or moe. Welsh words: o'r (0re); don (don); dod (dode); bob (bobe) [PAR] W as in Zoo or bus. Welsh words: cwm (koom), bws (bus); yw (you); galw (galoo) [PAR] Y has two distinct sounds: the final sound in happy or the vowel sound in myrrh Welsh words: Y (uh); Yr (ur); yn (un); fry (vree); byd (beed) [PAR] All the vowels can be lengthened by the addition of a circumflex (\u00e4), known in Welsh as \"to bach\" (little roof). Welsh words: T\u00e4n (taan), l\u00e4n (laan) [PAR] THE DIPHTHONGS: [PAR] Ae, Ai and Au are pronounced as English \"eye\": ninnau (nineye); mae (my); henaid (henide); main (mine); craig (crige) [PAR] Eu and Ei are pronounced the same way as the English ay in pray. Welsh words: deisiau (dayshy), or in some dialects (deeshuh); deil (dale or dile); teulu (taylee or tyelee) [PAR] Ew is more difficult to describe. It can be approximated as eh-oo or perhaps as in the word mount. The nearest English"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hamate Bone Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps Hamate Bone Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Hamate [PAR] The bones of the wrist are known as carpals. The hamate is a wedge-shaped carpal bone. It is located on the outside area of the wrist, which is the same side as the pinkie finger. The hamate articulates\u2014meaning it meets or connects with\u2014five other bones. Three of these bones are also carpals: the lunate, triquetral, and capitate. Two of the bones are metacarpals, which are the long bones of the palm. These include the fourth and fifth metacarpals, located below the ring and pinkie fingers respectively. The hamate has a hook-like process that projects from the palm-side of the wrist toward the outside of the body. The hook of the hamate forms part of Guyon\u2019s canal, also known as the ulnar canal. Guyon\u2019s canal is located along the lower edge of the palm. It is bounded by the pisiform, another carpal bone, and a number of muscles and ligaments. The ulnar artery and ulnar nerve pass into the hand through this canal. A condition called Guyon\u2019s canal syndrome may occur if the ulnar nerve is compressed in this area. It may be caused by overuse of the wrist through repetitive movements, trauma to the wrist, or a fracture to the hamate, among other factors. Symptoms include numbness, weakness, and pain in the hand. In severe cases, surgery is required. However, this condition is much less common than carpal tunnel syndrome.[DOC] [TLE] Pisiform Bone Definition , Anatomy & Function | Body Maps Pisiform Bone Definition, Anatomy & Function | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Pisiform [PAR] The pisiform is a sesamoid bone. It is located in the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) wrist tendon. It protects this tendon by supporting and bearing its forces as it moves across the triquetrum during wrist movement. The triquetrum is a proximal carpal bone located between the pisiform and lunate bones. The pisiform is located opposite the wrist's carpal base plate and communicates with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand. Specifically, it is located where the carpus joins the ulna, which is the inner forearm bone. Chronic or acute pain is common in the pisiform because it is where tendinopathy of the FCU occurs at insertion. Osteoarthritis, mechanical overuse, and bony fractures can also affect the pisiform. Pain in the pisiform is usually examined by a sonographic evaluation. Fluid collection and the thickening of soft tissue are common in the pisiform bone. The pisiform is sphere-shaped, like a pea. In fact, its name means \"pea-shaped.\" The pisiform has four types of surfaces: dorsal, palmar, lateral, and medial. The latter three surfaces are rough, allowing the pisiform to attach to the carpal ligament. However, the dorsal surface is smooth, allowing for the bone's articulation with the triquetrum."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 5 Greatest Cathedrals in France - Europe Up Close The 5 Greatest Cathedrals in France - Europe Up Close [PAR] Europe Up Close [PAR] The 5 Greatest Cathedrals in France [PAR] Published/Revised June 14, 2014 By Marilyn McFarlane [PAR] This post may contain affiliate links. [PAR] Share [PAR] [PAR] It is difficult to choose the 5 greatest cathedrals in France, but those listed here seem to me to be the most impressive. Whatever your views, there\u2019s no denying the significance of cathedrals in France. To believers, a cathedral is a sacred, holy place of worship. Others may see a treasure house of fabulous art, a symbol of oppression and ostentatious wealth, or simply another historic monument. [PAR] Rouen Cathedral by Monet in 1894 [PAR] A Catholic cathedral is the center of a diocese and bishop\u2019s seat (that\u2019s what makes it different from a church), and so it tends to be big and ornate, illustrating God\u2019s glory and the Church\u2019s power. All these that I have listed are dedicated to Notre Dame (the mother of Jesus) and all but one are free to enter, with fees charged to ascend the towers. [PAR] Notre Dame de Paris [PAR] This Gothic cathedral in the heart of Paris is the most visited monument in France, with 13 million visitors a year. With construction beginning in 1163, it was finally completed about 1345, and there have been a good many renovations since then. In 1793, anti-religious revolutionaries destroyed sculptures and treasures and dedicated the building to the Cult of Reason, with Lady Liberty replacing the Virgin Mary. A few years later, a builder planned to demolish it and use the stones for housing. Napoleon Bonaparte saved it and had himself crowned emperor there, but it was the author Victor Hugo who created real interest in restoration. His 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame (in French, Notre Dame de Paris), sparked a public demand, and full restoration began in 1845. In recent times, between 1991 and 2001, further work preserved and cleaned the historic architecture and colors. [PAR] Notre Dame de Paris, now owned by the state and a World Heritage Site, is 128 meters (420 feet) long, with two towers 69 meters (226 feet) high, and a spire. Several rose windows glow with exquisite medieval stained glass; one was the biggest window in the world when it was made. [PAR] There\u2019s a lot to admire here: statues of ancient kings of Israel, the famous flying buttresses and gargoyles, the intricate carvings, and the 28,000-pound bell. The cathedral is not only a tourist attraction, it\u2019s an active church with Mass, chanting and music performed on a regular basis. It\u2019s a dazzling sight any time of day, and at night it glows under colored lights. Tip: Visit on a weekday morning or evening to avoid the greatest crowds and waiting lines. Hours: 8 a.m. \u2013 6:45 p.m, 7:15 p.m. Saturday and Sunday. Guided tours in English, 2 p.m. Wednesday and Thursday, 2:30 Saturday. [PAR] Cath\u00e9drale Notre-Dame de Chartres [PAR] The awe-inspiring cathedral in Chartres, southwest of Paris, was constructed between 1193 and 1250. It was the first to use flying buttresses and is considered to be one of the finest examples of French High Gothic architecture, among other claims to fame. The cathedral is very well preserved; most of the original stained glass windows are intact, and there have been only minor changes to the architecture since the early 13th century. [PAR] The Chartres cathedral is worth a visit for the stained glass windows alone. They are magical \u2013 2500 square meters of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heligoland Blown Up (1947) - YouTube Heligoland Blown Up (1947) - YouTube [PAR] Heligoland Blown Up (1947) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 13, 2014 [PAR] Unused / unissued material - dates and locations unclear or unknown. [PAR] Heligoland blown up. Germany. [PAR] L/S view of Heligoland from sea level. L/S the sea shimmering as the sun shines on it. L/S and M/S the U-boat near Heligoland. C/U a naval officer looking through binoculars. L/Ss devastation on the island after the explosion. L/S a thick cloud rising from the sea. Aerial shots of the smoke cloud over the island. [PAR] Note: Cuts for 47/33. [PAR] FILM ID:2381.08 [PAR] A VIDEO FROM BRITISH PATH\u00c9. EXPLORE OUR ONLINE CHANNEL, BRITISH PATH\u00c9 TV. IT'S FULL OF GREAT DOCUMENTARIES, FASCINATING INTERVIEWS, AND CLASSIC MOVIES. http://www.britishpathe.tv/ [PAR] FOR LICENSING ENQUIRIES VISIT http://www.britishpathe.com/ [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rosetta Stone - Ancient Egypt Story [PAR] The Rosetta Stone [PAR] What is the Rosetta Stone? [PAR] The Rosetta Stone is a stone with writing on it in two languages (Egyptian and Greek), using three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek). [PAR] Why is it in three different scripts? [PAR] The Rosetta Stone is written in three scripts because when it was written, there were three scripts being used in Egypt. [PAR] The first was hieroglyphic which was the script used for important or religious documents. [PAR] Detail of hieroglyphic and demotic script on the Rosetta Stone [PAR] The second was demotic which was the common script of Egypt. [PAR] The third was Greek which was the language of the rulers of Egypt at that time. [PAR] The Rosetta Stone was written in all three scripts so that the priests, government officials and rulers of Egypt could read what it said. [PAR] When was the Rosetta Stone made? [PAR] The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 B.C.. [PAR] When was the Rosetta Stone found? [PAR] The Rosetta Stone was found in 1799. [PAR] Who found the Rosetta Stone? [PAR] The Rosetta Stone was found by French soldiers who were rebuilding a fort in Egypt. [PAR] Where was the Rosetta Stone found? [PAR] The Rosetta Stone was found in a small village in the Delta called Rosetta (Rashid). [PAR] Why is it called the Rosetta Stone? [PAR] It is called the Rosetta Stone because it was discovered in a town called Rosetta (Rashid). [PAR] What does the Rosetta Stone say? [PAR] The Rosetta Stone is a text written by a group of priests in Egypt to honour the Egyptian pharaoh. It lists all of the things that the pharaoh has done that are good for the priests and the people of Egypt. [PAR] Who deciphered hieroglyphs? Many people worked on deciphering hieroglyphs over several hundred years. However, the structure of the script was very difficult to work out. [PAR] After many years of studying the Rosetta Stone and other examples of ancient Egyptian writing, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion deciphered hieroglyphs in 1822. [PAR] How did Champollion decipher hieroglyphs? [PAR] Champollion could read both Greek and coptic. [PAR] He was able to figure out what the seven demotic signs in coptic were. By looking at how these signs were used in coptic he was able to work out what they stood for. Then he began tracing these demotic signs back to hieroglyphic signs. [PAR] By working out what some hieroglyphs stood for, he could make educated guesses about what the other hieroglyphs stood for."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] France - Resistance Wiki - Wikia France | Resistance Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Flag of France. [PAR] France is a country located in Western Europe that also comprises various overseas islands and territories located in other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as L\u2019Hexagone (\"The Hexagon\") because of the geometric shape of its territory. [PAR] History [PAR] France at the early 20th century, along with its ally Britain have declared war on Germany by invading the German colony Togoland on August 1914 , instigating the Great War . France became one of the Allied victors in the Great War, following a ceasefire proposal from Germany on October 1918 . France later became a member of the European Trade Organization (ETO) and the United European Defense . [PAR] On August 1921 , for reasons unknown France had sent 12 French spies into Russia but only to be discovered and executed without trial. This incident further stagnated Russia's poor relationship with Western Europe and proceeded its policy of isolationism. [PAR] Following the outbreak of the Chimeran invasion from Russia, France became one of the European countries that fell to the Chimera within two months. Remnants of the UED, including French and other European forces, banded together to form the Maquis , and took shelter in safe zones such as Luxembourg and Reims while resisting the Chimera. [PAR] During the later events of Operation Overstrike , the combined efforts of Maquis and British forces assaulted Paris , turning the city into a battle ground, allowing British Royal Marines Pvt. James Grayson to infiltrate and infecting the heart of the Chrysalis Lair , causing a halt to Chimeran conversion centers throughout Europe. Following Grayson's battle in the Lair, Major Stephen Cartwright 's forces managed to destroy the Paris Tower, with similar results as from the destruction of the London Tower, allowing a temporary end to Chimeran rule in Western Europe."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dare To Compare: Ultimate Yacht Face Off! | 26 North Yachts Dare To Compare: Ultimate Yacht Face Off! | 26 North Yachts [PAR] Dare To Compare! [PAR] The ultimate yacht face-off! [PAR] We put our necks on the line to give you hard-hitting insights into how some of the most popular luxury yachts for sale in the world today shape up against each other. This face-off is not for the feint-heated so put aside your pre-conceived notions and get ready to learn something new! Then call us. You will be glad you did! [PAR] Make Inquiry [PAR] Riva 68 vs Princess 72 [PAR] Those in the market for express style sport yachts should consider both the Italian-made Riva 68 for sale and the UK-built Princess 72 for sale. Both offer great styling and performance on the sea in a three-stateroom layout, but there are some differences that potential owners should note. [PAR] Share & enjoy with friends & family! [PAR] Azimut 116 vs. Westport 112 [PAR] The Azimut 116 and Westport 112 have many great features and would make any yachtsman proud. These yachts have many things in common, including similar cruise speeds, MTU 16V2000 main engines, similar beams, and similar weights. They also have features that appeal to specific types of buyers. [PAR] Share & enjoy with friends & family! [PAR] 78 Explorer vs. Outer Reef 80 vs. Offshore 80 [PAR] For yachtsmen who\u2019ve owned flashy, highly stylized, day cruisers\u2014perhaps in their younger years\u2014and are intrigued by bluewater cruising, more remote locales, tradition, and a bit more leisurely pace, explorer type luxury yachts are increasingly popular. Here we take a look at the Marlow 78 Explorer, the Outer Reef 80, and the Offshore 80 Voyager. [PAR] Share & enjoy with friends & family! [PAR] 88\u2032 Azimut yacht for sale vs. Ferretti 88 for sale [PAR] Hailing from Italian companies, the 88 Azimut and Ferretti 881 offer Italian styling and craftsmanship in this mini-megayacht range. Both vessels deliver light and airy indoor spaces, owner/guest privacy and comfort, and generous outdoor living and entertaining areas, including an aft \u201cbeach\u201d platform, tender and toy storage, and optional hot tub. [PAR] Share & enjoy with friends & family! [PAR] Pacific Mariner 85 vs. Horizon E 88 [PAR] In the world of downsizing we are finding many of our large yacht customers looking for something in the 80 \u2013 90 foot range. Twenty years ago a yacht of this length would be considered substantial, but with modern materials and builders pushing the boundaries of length and construction techniques a yacht of this size is much more manageable then it was in the past. [PAR] Share & enjoy with friends & family! [PAR] Horizon 120 vs. Ocean Alexander 120 [PAR] Hailing from Italian companies, the 88 Azimut and Ferretti 881 offer Italian styling and craftsmanship in this mini-megayacht range. Both vessels deliver light and airy indoor spaces, owner/guest privacy and comfort, and generous outdoor living and entertaining areas, including an aft \u201cbeach\u201d platform, tender and toy storage, and optional hot tub. [PAR] Share & enjoy with friends & family! [PAR] Call us at 954-372-7026. We\u2019re here to help! [PAR] Stay up to date"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Father of Electricity - Fun Facts About Michael Faraday The Father of Electricity - Fun Facts About Michael Faraday [PAR] April 9, 2013 1 Comment [PAR] The Father of Electricity \u2013 Fun Facts About Michael Faraday [PAR] When asked \u201cWho is Michael Faraday?\u201d Your likely response would be \u201cWhy he is the Father of electricity! A leading chemist and physicist. The founder of electromagnetic induction\u201d and you\u2019d be right of course, but there is much more to Michael Faraday. Read on for five facts about Faraday you may not have known. [PAR] Faraday invented the Toy Balloon [PAR] Prior to 1824 when Faraday invented the rubber balloon, toy balloons were made from pigs bladders and animal intestines. Faraday made his balloons by cutting around two sheets of rubber and pressing together the edges. The adjoining surfaces were dusted with flour to stop the insides fusing together. Michael Faraday filled these balloons with hydrogen as part of his research at the Royal Institute of London. [PAR] Faraday secured Einstein his first job [PAR] One of the most influential scientists of all time, Albert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on the wall of his study in Princeton, New Jersey. It was said to be Einstein\u2019s knowledge of Michael Faraday (and the Scottish theoretical physicist James Maxwell) that secured Einstein his first job at the Swiss Patent Office. [PAR] The best bar none [PAR] The most southerly bar in the world, on Galindez Island in Antarctica, was named after Faraday. It is currently on the Ukrainian Research Station, but it was built and named when the place was on Britain\u2019s Faraday Atmospheric Research Station. The bar came about when a consignment of wood sent by the British Government to replace a broken boat dock was commandeered by carpenters to build the Antarctic Peninsula\u2019s only bar. It was built to replicate a tradition British tavern complete with pint pots and real ale. [PAR] Causing a stink! [PAR] Faraday was one of the first people to recognise the horrendous condition of the Thames waterway. At the time the Thames was being use both as a rubbish dumping ground and a main source of drinking water. Faraday conducted a number of experiments to test the quality of the water which confirmed his suspicion \u2013 the Thames was little more than a \u201cfermenting Sewer\u201d. Parliament largely ignored his finding until just 3 years later a usually hot summer caused the Thames to boil and fill the whole of London with a repugnant odour. The government could ignore him no longer and a completely new sewer system was soon implemented. [PAR] Standing on the shoulders of giants [PAR] Michael Faraday died in 1867 at the age of seventy-five. He had previously declined the offer of internment at Westminster Abbey and instead was buried in Highgate Cemetery North London. A plaque is dedicated to Faraday at Westminster and is placed beneath the grave of Sir Isaac Newton. [PAR] About the Author: Colin McDonald is an avid history lover who just loves to dig out the fun facts that encourage people to find out more about a subject. I am currently loving researching the beginnings of electricity and received a lot of help and advice from www.havenpower.com ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football Violence in Europe - Executive Summary Football Violence in Europe - Executive Summary [PAR] The Changing Face of Motherhood [PAR] Insights from three generations of mothers [PAR] The report seeks to answer some specific questions about the changing face of motherhood and determine the extent to which modern \u2018solutions\u2019 to motherhood are more or less beneficial than the solutions of the past. more [PAR] Executive summary [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The report contains a review of research and theoretical approaches to football violence in Europe. The historical development of the problems in various countries is outlined. Specific attention is given to the role of the media, the emergence of overt racism at football matches and the alleged influence of alcohol consumption on violent behaviour. The content of each section of the report is summarised below. [PAR] History [PAR] The game of football has been associated with violence since its beginnings in 13th century England. [PAR] Medieval football matches involved hundreds of players, and were essentially pitched battles between the young men of rival villages and towns \u2013 often used as opportunities to settle old feuds, personal arguments and land disputes. [PAR] Forms of 'folk-football' existed in other European countries (such as the German Knappen and Florentine calcio in costume), but the roots of modern football are in these violent English rituals. [PAR] The much more disciplined game introduced to continental Europe in 1900s was the reformed pastime of the British aristocracy. Other European countries adopted this form of the game, associated with Victorian values of fair-play and retrained enthusiasm. Only two periods in British history have been relatively free of football-related violence: the inter-war years and the decade following the Second World War. [PAR] The behaviour now known as 'football hooliganism' originated in England in the early 1960s, and has been linked with the televising of matches (and of pitch-invasions, riots etc.) and with the 'reclaiming' of the game by the working classes. [PAR] In other European countries, similar patterns of behaviour emerged about 10 years later, in the early 1970s. Some researchers argue that a similar 'proletarianisation' of the game was involved, but there is little consensus on this issue, and much disagreement on the extent to which continental youth were influenced by British hooligans. [PAR] Theory and research perspectives [PAR] The major research and theoretical perspectives on football hooliganism derive mainly from British work conducted since the late 1960s. The principal sociological, psychological and anthropological approaches are critically reviewed - including those of Ian Taylor, John Clarke, Stuart Hall, Peter Marsh, John Williams and his colleagues, Gary Armstrong, Richard Giulianotti etc. [PAR] There are deep divisions within social science circles concerning explanations of football hooliganism, with often vitriolic debate beween Marxist sociologists, so-called 'figurationalists', social psychologists and more empirically oriented researchers. This atmosphere has hindered the emergence of truly multi-disciplinary perspectives. [PAR] It is generally agreed that British football hooliganism has probably been over-researched. Despite a general decline in violence at British football matches, the phenomenon still attracts a disproportionate amount of research activity. [PAR] Research in other European countries has grown in scale since the early 1980s. The work of German, Dutch and Italian social scientists is reviewed. Much of this research has taken British theoretical perspectives as a starting point, although more 'local' approaches are now evident in some countries. [PAR] The increase in work in these countries has led to a more Europe- wide approach to the problems of football violence, with a number of collaborative programmes now underway. The level of cross-cultural variation in the patterns of behaviour of football fans, however,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Psalms 143 Commentary - David Guzik Commentary on the Bible Psalms 143 Commentary - David Guzik Commentary on the Bible [PAR] David Guzik Commentary on the Bible [PAR] Psalms 143 [PAR] Verses 1-12 [PAR] Psalm 143 \u2013 Hope for the Persecuted Soul [PAR] The title of this Psalm is simply, A Psalm of David. It is another cry to God from a time of crisis and affliction because of Davids many enemies. It is numbered among the Seven Penitential Psalms - songs of confession and humility before God. It was a custom in the early church to sing these psalms on Ash Wednesday, the Wednesday before Easter. Psalm 143 does not seem to belong to this group as much as the others do (Psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, and 130 are the others), but 143:2 is a strong and clear statement about the unrighteousness of mankind. [PAR] A. Pleading for Gods Help in a Time of Crisis. [PAR] 1. (1-2) Pleading for God to hear [PAR] Hear my prayer, O Lord, [PAR] Give ear to my supplications! [PAR] In Your faithfulness answer me, [PAR] And in Your righteousness. [PAR] Do not enter into judgment with Your servant, [PAR] For in Your sight no one living is righteous. [PAR] a. Hear my prayer, O Lord: Psalm 143 finds David in another crisis. Because his life was filled with so much activity and danger, it is impossible to link this Psalm to any one particular point of crisis. It could be from the time before David was recognized as king, living as a fugitive from King Saul, or it could be from Davids time as king, particularly when his son Absalom led a rebellion against him. [PAR] i. In this crisis, David knew that he must cry out to God and that God must hear him, or he would be lost. For David, prayer was not merely a self-improvement exercise that did good whether God heard him or not; prayer was a real plea made to a real God who could be appealed unto to hear, to answer, and to help. [PAR] b. Give ear to my supplications: This is the same idea as hear my prayer in the previous line. David used the familiar Hebrew poetic form of parallelism, repeating the same idea in different words for the same of emphasis. [PAR] c. In Your faithfulness answer me, and in Your righteousness: David appealed to the faithfulness and righteousness of God in his request. He asked God to act consistently with those attributes and to answer David. [PAR] i. David knew something of the character and nature of God, and this shaped his prayer life. He could never ask God to be unfaithful or unrighteous. Yet he could ask God to act according to His character, and David did boldly make his request on that basis. [PAR] ii. In Your righteousness: Even the sterner attributes of God are upon the side of the man who humbly trusts, and turns his trust into prayer. (Spurgeon) [PAR] d. Do not enter into judgment with Your servant, for in Your sight no one living is righteous: David understood that if God were to deal with him only on the basis of His righteousness, it could mean judgment and ruin for David. So he asked God to deal with him on the basis of mercy (do not enter into judgment) and understood that he appealed to God because the Lord is righteous, not because David was righteous. [PAR] i. We may consider Davids thoughts as such: Lord, I know that You are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Devil\u2019s Island - Silversea Cruises Devil\u2019s Island [PAR] Devil\u2019s Island [PAR] Excursions [PAR] Devil\u2019s Island, [PAR] Discarded off the coast of French Guiana, lies an ominous, key-shaped island of sharp rocks and swaying palm trees - Devil's Island. As the site of one of history\u2019s most infamous and feared prisons, the island's reputation as hell on earth was well earned, having been used to brutally imprison, torture and punish the French Empire's most notorious criminals. Closed down in 1953, it now lies in an eerie purgatory, and the sense of unease as you approach it is hard to avoid, with its laden-coconut trees duplicitously waving you ashore. [PAR] History [PAR] Part of a small archipelago of three islands, nine miles offshore, the Islands of Salvation represent one of history's most macabre enterprises. When Napoleon III announced the intention to make 'forced labour more effective, more moralising, less expensive and more humane' in 1850, France began cramming its most despised prisoners aboard La Martiniere - a ship of the damned, which would set sail for Devil's Island. The islands were believed to be inescapable, although the best selling Papillion book and film, memorably details Henri Charri\u00e8re apparently successful escape, on floating sacks of coconuts. [PAR] Top Sights and Activities [PAR] Royal Island was the administrative centre of the island, and was something like a small town, with amenities, a chapel and a hospital. You'll notice that security was minimal - guards knew full well that the shark-infested waters and vicious riptides meant any escape attempt was ultimately doomed. [PAR] Take a walk around Royale Island, which is the largest of the three, to discover crumbling buildings, partially reclaimed by nature's creeping vines, which have attempted to mask the horrible history here. The tiny cells where prisoners were entombed in darkness, to suffer years of solitary confinement, is perhaps the island's most harrowing sight. [PAR] Nature has a firm grip now - and as you walk the prisoner-built paths, you'll see streams of ants carrying oversized leaves above them like ship-sails, monkeys swinging playfully, and colourful parrots flashing overhead. Head to the island's highest point to look across at Devil's Island itself, which is closed to visitors due to the treacherous waters around it. [PAR] Museums [PAR] Royal Island's museum is the place to discover unsettling details about the horrors of the past - like the story of Route Zero, a darkly pointless road building exercise, devised as endless, futile hard labour. [PAR] Hotels & Restaurants [PAR] Despite the grisly history, the beauty of these islands still shines through, and it's hard to resist the chance to stay overnight at the island's only hotel, Auberge Iles du Salut. With stunning views of the Atlantic waves collapsing from your window, upgrading to a hammock room, so you can lie back and enjoy this unique location's unquestionable beauty, is always a tempting option. [PAR] Shopping [PAR] There's also a shop on the island, where you can pick up your Devil\u2019s Island souvenirs before getting back onto the ship, with an all new appreciation of the freedom you have to sail away from these gorgeous islands, which have been tainted by humanity.[DOC] [TLE] Devil's Island, France Tourist Information Devil's Island, France Tourist Information [PAR] French Guiana, France [PAR] 5.2939-52.5833 [PAR] Devil's Island is the third largest island of the \u00celes du Salut island group in the Atlantic Ocean. It is located approximately 14 km (9 mi) off the coast of French Guiana in South America just north of the town of Kourou . It has an area of 14 ha (34.6 acres). The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] INDIAN BRAZILIAN LAMBADA DANCE 2011 VERSION - YouTube YouTube [PAR] Undo [PAR] Close [PAR] \"INDIAN BRAZILIAN LAMB...\" The YouTube account associated with this video has been terminated due to multiple third-party notifications of copyright infringement. [PAR] Sorry about that."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is the highest mountain in our Solar System? | Cool ... Where is the highest mountain in our Solar System? | Cool Cosmos [PAR] [PAR] Where is the highest mountain in our Solar System? [PAR] The highest mountain and volcano in the Solar System is on the planet Mars. It is called Olympus Mons and is 16 miles (24 kilometers) high which makes it about three times higher than Mt. Everest. In addition to being very tall, it is also very wide (340 miles or 550 kilometers) and covers an area larger than the entire chain of Hawaiian islands. Olympus Mons is a very flat mountain which slopes by only 2 to 5 degrees. It is a shield volcano built up by eruptions of lava. [PAR] Continue the conversation on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A college football legend starts a tradition - SaportaReport A college football legend starts a tradition - SaportaReport [PAR] A college football legend starts a tradition [PAR] Pin [PAR] Shares 33 [PAR] They say that football is a contact sport. Those who\u2019ve actually played the game disagree. Basketball, they say, is a contact sport\u2026football is a collision sport. Football is a tough and strategic game and the difference between winning and losing on any given Sunday often comes down to a thin, undefinable characteristic. [PAR] There are no shortage of platitudes in the world of football. When the going gets tough, the tough get going. Winers never quit, quitters never win. It\u2019s not whether you get knocked down, it\u2019s whether you get back up. If it doesn\u2019t challenge you, it doesn\u2019t change you. But the truth is, platitudes alone don\u2019t make great players or great coaches, there is a fine line between greatness and mediocrity. [PAR] Over the years, there have been a number of men who managed to separate themselves from the pack. Players and coaches whose names will long be remembered in the annals of football lore. But only a select few managed to transcend the ravages of time and those men wear the mantle of being legendary. [PAR] John Heisman began the game in the 19th century and today his name is still synonymous with the word \u201cgreatness,\u201d and he is the subject of this week\u2019s Stories of Atlanta. [PAR] Related Posts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Copernicus born - Feb 19, 1473 - HISTORY.com Copernicus born - Feb 19, 1473 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Copernicus born [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On February 19, 1473, Nicolaus Copernicus is born in Torun, a city in north-central Poland on the Vistula River. The father of modern astronomy, he was the first modern European scientist to propose that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. [PAR] Copernicus was born into a family of well-to-do merchants, and after his father\u2019s death, his uncle\u2013soon to be a bishop\u2013took the boy under his wing. He was given the best education of the day and bred for a career in canon (church) law. At the University of Krakow, he studied liberal arts, including astronomy and astrology, and then, like many Poles of his social class, was sent to Italy to study medicine and law. [PAR] While studying at the University of Bologna, he lived for a time in the home of Domenico Maria de Novara, the principal astronomer at the university. Astronomy and astrology were at the time closely related and equally regarded, and Novara had the responsibility of issuing astrological prognostications for Bologna. Copernicus sometimes assisted him in his observations, and Novara exposed him to criticism of both astrology and aspects of the Ptolemaic system, which placed Earth at the center of the universe. [PAR] Copernicus later studied at the University of Padua and in 1503 received a doctorate in canon law from the University of Ferrara. He returned to Poland, where he became a church administrator and doctor. In his free time, he dedicated himself to scholarly pursuits, which sometimes included astronomical work. By 1514, his reputation as an astronomer was such that he was consulted by church leaders attempting to reform the Julian calendar. [PAR] The cosmology of early 16th-century Europe held that Earth sat stationary and motionless at the center of several rotating, concentric spheres that bore the celestial bodies: the sun, the moon, the known planets, and the stars. From ancient times, philosophers adhered to the belief that the heavens were arranged in circles (which by definition are perfectly round), causing confusion among astronomers who recorded the often eccentric motion of the planets, which sometimes appeared to halt in their orbit of Earth and move retrograde across the sky. [PAR] In the second century A.D., the Alexandrian geographer and astronomer Ptolemy sought to resolve this problem by arguing that the sun, planets, and moon move in small circles around much larger circles that revolve around Earth. These small circles he called epicycles, and by incorporating numerous epicycles rotating at varying speeds he made his celestial system correspond with most astronomical observations on record. [PAR] The Ptolemaic system remained Europe\u2019s accepted cosmology for more than 1,000 years, but by Copernicus\u2019 day accumulated astronomical evidence had thrown some of his theories into confusion. Astronomers disagreed on the order of the planets from Earth, and it was this problem that Copernicus addressed at the beginning of the 16th century. [PAR] Sometime between 1508 and 1514, he wrote a short astronomical treatise commonly called the Commentariolus, or \u201cLittle Commentary,\u201d which laid the basis for his heliocentric (sun-centered) system. The work was not published in his lifetime. In the treatise, he correctly postulated the order of the known planets, including Earth, from the sun, and estimated their orbital periods relatively accurately. [PAR] For Copernicus, his heliocentric theory was by no means a watershed, for it created as many problems as it solved. For instance, heavy objects were always assumed to fall to the ground because Earth was the center of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beginner's Guide - Golf Ireland Beginner's Guide [PAR] Beginner's Guide [PAR] Learn to Play video [PAR] Beginner's Guide to Golf [PAR] To some taking up golf seems like a daunting task. The quirky characteristics and lingo that go alongside the game itself can often seem a little over-whelming at the beginning. But fear not, it\u2019s not rocket science. Below is a list of phrases that will ensure you sound like you know what you\u2019re talking about when you step on the course. [PAR] Albatross: This is also known as a double eagle and means that the player has a score of three under par on an individual hole. [PAR] Back Nine: This refers to the last nine holes of an 18-hole course. [PAR] Birdie: This is when you score one under par on an individual hole. [PAR] Bo Derek: This is a score of ten on any given hole. The term originates from the movie 10, in which Bo Derek was the object of Dudley Moore's desire. [PAR] Bogey: a score of one over par on any individual hole. [PAR] Caddie: This is a person whose job it is to carry a player\u2019s golf bag. Caddies for professional players will also assist with club selection and strategy. [PAR] Drive: This is the stroke used on the first shot of the hole. It is more often than not played with a \u2018driver\u2019 and is taken from a ball sitting on a tee. The driver is designed to hit the ball further than any other club. [PAR] Divot: This is the chunk of turf taken up by a golf shot. [PAR] Eagle: This is a score of two under par on an individual hole. [PAR] Fairway: This is the neat area that runs from the tee box to the putting green. [PAR] Four Ball: This is a match between two teams of two players. Each person plays a ball. [PAR] Foursomes: This is a match between two teams of two players. The players on each team play alternate shots of the same ball. [PAR] The Green: This is the final part of the hole, where the flag and the hole are located. [PAR] Golf Tee: This is a little piece of equipment that raises the golf ball off the ground on the tee box. [PAR] Green Fee: This is the fee charged by golf clubs for non-members to play on its course. [PAR] Handicap: This is a number that represents a golfer\u2019s ability. A golfer with a handicap of 5 is better than a golfer with a handicap of 22. [PAR] A hole in one: This means that a golfer gets his ball from the tee box into the hole with just one stroke of the ball. [PAR] Par: This is the expected number of strokes it should take a professional golfer to complete the hole. The higher the par, the more difficult the hole. [PAR] Rough: The areas on a golf course outside the fairways. Characteristically they have longer grass that is unkempt looking. [PAR] [PAR] By using Golf Ireland\u2019s website, you agree we can set and use cookies. Please, take a moment to read information about our cookies . [PAR] accept[DOC] [TLE] golf dictionary - kakagi.org golf dictionary [PAR] golf dictionary [PAR] [ fast play ] [PAR] Here is a dictionary of golf terms. Some you know, some you may not know. If there is one you'd like to add, please e-mail me with the term and definition. K [PAR] A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Funny random facts for you...: 172 - U.S. $5 dollar bill Funny random facts for you...: 172 - U.S. $5 dollar bill [PAR] Funny random facts for you... [PAR] Funny random facts to add to your life knowledge... [PAR] Tuesday, October 7, 2008 [PAR] 172 - U.S. $5 dollar bill [PAR] The numbers '172' can be found on the back of the U.S. $5 dollar bill in the bushes at the base of the Lincoln Memorial. [PAR] As you hold the bill, look at the \"F\" in five. The 5 is located in the leading edge of it. The 1 and 7 are shaped in the leaves of the same bush. They appear in the leaves and are darker than than the rest of the bush. [PAR] The vignette on the reverse of the five-dollar bill depicts the Lincoln Memorial. You may be aware that, engraved on that Memorial are the names of the 48 states in 1922, which was the year the Memorial was dedicated. There are engravings of 26 State names on front of the building, which appears on the note vignette. As a result, only 26 of the States appear on the note. [PAR] Posted by[DOC] [TLE] The numbers \u2018172\u2019 can be found on the back of the U.S. $5 ... The numbers \u2018172\u2019 can be found on the back of the U.S. $5 dollar bill in the bushes at the base of the Lincoln Memorial. | Weird True Facts [PAR] The numbers \u2018172\u2019 can be found on the back of the U.S. $5 dollar bill in the bushes at the base of the Lincoln Memorial. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: [PAR] Email (required) (Address never made public) [PAR] Name (required) [PAR] You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. ( Log Out / Change ) [PAR] You are commenting using your Twitter account. ( Log Out / Change ) [PAR] You are commenting using your Facebook account. ( Log Out / Change ) [PAR] You are commenting using your Google+ account. ( Log Out / Change )"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben-Hur (1959) - Filmsite.org Ben-Hur (1959) [PAR] Ben-Hur (1959) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] Ben-Hur (1959) is MGM's three and a half hour, wide-screen epic Technicolor blockbuster - a Biblical tale, subtitled A Tale of the Christ. [PAR] Director William Wyler's film was a retelling of the spectacular silent film of the same name (director Fred Niblo's and MGM's Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925)). Both films were adapted from the novel (first published in 1880) by former Civil War General Lew Wallace. Wyler had been an 'extras' director on the set of DeMille's original film in the silent era. MGM's Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925), featuring a cast of 125,000, cost about $4 million to make after shooting began on location in Italy, in 1923, and starred silent screen idols Ramon Novarro and Francis X. Bushman. This figure is equivalent to $33 million today - it was the most expensive silent film ever made. [PAR] This remake of the novel was inspired by the fact that three years earlier, Cecil B. DeMille and Paramount had remade the 1925 version of his film as a successful 50's epoch Biblical tale titled The Ten Commandments (1956) . The heroic figure of Charlton Heston (an iconic and righteous Moses figure) would again be commissioned to play the lead role in this film of a Jewish nobleman (the Prince of Judea) - after the role was turned down by Burt Lancaster, Rock Hudson and Paul Newman. In the plot, prince Judah Ben-Hur was enslaved by a Roman tribunal friend (with a homosexual subtext provided by co-writer Gore Vidal), but then returned years later to seek revenge in the film's centerpiece, a chariot race. Ultimately, he would find redemption and forgiveness in the inspiring and enlightening finale. [PAR] The colorful 1959 version was the most expensive film ever made up to its time, and the most expensive film of the 50s decade. At $15 million and shot on a grand scale, it was a tremendous make-or-break risk for MGM Studios - and ultimately saved the studio from bankruptcy. [It was a big dual win for MGM, since they had won the Best Picture race the previous year for Gigi (1958).] It took six years to prepare for the film shoot, and over a half year of on-location work in Italy, with thousands of extras. It featured more crew and extras than any other film before it - 15,000 extras alone for the chariot race sequence. [PAR] Ben-Hur proved to be an intelligent, exciting, and dramatic piece of film-making unlike so many other vulgar Biblical pageants with Hollywood actors and actresses. Its depiction of the Jesus Christ figure was also extremely subtle and solely as a cameo - it never showed Christ's face but only the reactions of other characters to him. [PAR] It was one of the most honored, award-winning films of all time. It was nominated for twelve Academy Awards, Best Picture, Best Actor (Charlton Heston - his sole career Oscar), Best Supporting Actor (Hugh Griffith), Best Director (William Wyler), Best Color Cinematography, Best Color Art Direction/Set Decoration, Best Sound, Best Score, Best Film Editing, Best Color Costume Design, Best Special Effects, and Best Screenplay (sole-credited Karl Tunberg). It was the first film to win eleven Oscars - it lost only in the Screenplay category due to a dispute over screenwriting credits (Maxwell Anderson, Christopher Fry, and Gore Vidal were all uncredited). Titanic (1997) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) are the only films to tie"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This is the House that Jack Built | Nursery Rhymes by ... This is the House that Jack Built | Nursery Rhymes by Hooplakidz - YouTube [PAR] This is the House that Jack Built | Nursery Rhymes by Hooplakidz [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 14, 2014 [PAR] Download HooplaKidz Christmas Songs on iTunes http://vid.io/xo26 [PAR] Sing along to the fine tunes of This is The House that Jack Built nursery rhymes by Hooplakidz and sing along and have a good time !!! [PAR] Lyrics to Sing Along :- [PAR] This is the house that Jack built [PAR] This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the cat that chased the rat [PAR] That ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the dog that worried the cat [PAR] That chased the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the cow with the crumpled horn [PAR] That tossed the dog that worried the cat [PAR] That chased the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the maiden all forlorn [PAR] That milked the cow with the crumpled horn [PAR] That tossed the dog that worried the cat [PAR] That chased the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the man all tattered and torn [PAR] That kissed the maiden all forlorn [PAR] That milked the cow with the crumpled horn [PAR] That tossed the dog that worried the cat [PAR] That chased the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the priest all shaven and shorn [PAR] That married the man all tattered and torn [PAR] That kissed the maiden all forlorn [PAR] That milked the cow with the crumpled horn [PAR] That tossed the dog that worried the cat [PAR] That chased the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the cock that crowed in the morn [PAR] That woke the priest all shaven and shorn [PAR] That married the man all tattered and torn [PAR] That kissed the maiden all forlorn [PAR] That milked the cow with the crumpled horn [PAR] That tossed the dog that worried the cat [PAR] That killed the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the farmer sowing his corn [PAR] That kept the cock that crowed in the morn [PAR] That woke the priest all shaven and shorn [PAR] That married the man all tattered and torn [PAR] That kissed the maiden all forlorn [PAR] That milked the cow with the crumpled horn [PAR] That tossed the dog that worried the cat [PAR] That chased the rat that ate the malt [PAR] That lay in the house that Jack built. [PAR] This is the horse and the hound and the horn [PAR] That belonged to the farmer sowing his corn [PAR] That kept the cock that crowed in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sabena - Belgian World Airlines - Historic 1923-2001 | Flickr \u2708 Sabena - Belgian World Airlines - Historic 1923-2001 | Flickr [PAR] \u2708 Sabena - Belgian World Airlines - Historic 1923-2001 [PAR] SABENA [PAR] Base: Brussels (Haren, Melsbroek, Zaventem) [PAR] IATA: SN [PAR] ICAO: SAB [PAR] Fleet pre 1945: [PAR] 4x Airco de Havilland DH9, 1x Airco de Havilland DH4, 3x Rumpler C-IV, 3x Farman F-60 Goliath, 1x Ansaldo A 300-C, 4x Bl\u00e9riot Spad 33, 1x Handley Page W.8b, 4x SABCA-Handley Page W.8b, 10x SABCA-Handley Page W.8f, 1x SABCA-De Havilland DH .50A, 1x SABCA SD.2 Sport, 2x Fokker F II, 1x Fokker F VIIa/3m, 1x Fokker F-VIIb/3m, 28x SABCA Fokker VIIb/3m, 4x Westland P-1 Wessex, 1x Savoia Marchetti S.73P, 4x Savoia Marchetti S.73, 4x Savoia Marchetti S.83, 2x SABCA-Savoia Marchetti S.73, 5x SABCA-Savoia Marchetti S.73P, 1x Junkers F-13L, 9x Junkers Ju-52/3mge, 7x Lockheed Lodestar, 2x Lockheed Super Electra, 2x DC3. [PAR] Fleet post 1945 helicopters: [PAR] 9x Sikorsky S-55, 10x Sikorsky S-58, 4x Bell 47, 1x SE Alouette II, 3x Westland-Sikorsky WS-51 + 1x WS-52 leased from Westland, 2x Vertol 44A leased from Vertol, 1x Sikorsky S-62 leased from Sikorsky. [PAR] Fleet post 1945 piston and props: [PAR] 47x DC3/C-47 (of which four leased from Sobelair + four from Belgian Air Force), 14x DC4/C-54 (of which one leased from T.A.I. and one from Sobelair), 19x DC6 (of which one leased from Belgian Air Force + three from T.A.I.), 10x DC7, 7x CV240, 12x CV440, 3x L-1049 Constellation leased from Seaboard & Western, 1x Avro 652 Anson, 6x DH 104 Dove, 1x DH 114 Heron, 3x Caudron C.449 Goeland (presumable never operational), 3x Bristol 170 Freighter leased from Air Charter/Channel Air Bridge, 2x Fokker F27 of which one leased from BIAS via Sobelair, 3x ATR72 of which two leased from Schreiner Airways and one from Gill Airways, 12x Dash 8 of which nine leased from Schreiner Airways + one from Hamburg Airlines + two from Tyrolean Airways. [PAR] Fleet post 1945 jets: [PAR] 11x Caravelle (of which one leased from Air France), 20x B707 (of which one leased from Sobelair + one from Trans Air + one from Za\u00efre Express + one from Occidental Airlines), 5x B727-100, 16x B737-200, 6x B737-300, 3x B737-400, 6x B737-500, 6x BAC 1-11 of which two leased from British World and four from European Aircharter, 1x BAe146-300 leased from British World, 4x B747-100 (of which two leased from Air France), 3x B747-200 leased from Air France, 3x B747-300 of which one leased from Corsair, 13x DC10 (of which four leased from Lufthansa + one from Air Za\u00efre + two from Alitalia + one from World Airways), 7x A310 (of which two leased from Airbus and two from Lufthansa), 15x A319, 6x A320, 3x A321, 10x A330, 5x A340 (of which one leased from Airbus), 2x MD11 leased from City Bird. [PAR] History: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme Belge d' Exploitation de la Navigation (SABENA) was formed by the Belgian government on May 23 1923 to succeed SNETA and act as the national flag carrier. They inherited part of their fleet: 4x Airco DH9, 1x Airco DH4, 3x Rumpler C-IV, 1x Farman Goliath, 4x Bl\u00e9riot Spad and 1x Ansaldo. On the day of its foundation the inaugural flight with a load of freight & mail went from Haren via Ostend to Lympne in the U.K. A couple of days later the first passengers flew with these ex bombers, but soon it was found that the airplanes were not suited for commercial pax transport and new equipment was found with the purchase of an Handley Page W8, later on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Washing Symbols | Wash Care Labels on Clothes | Cleanipedia Washing Symbols | Wash Care Labels on Clothes | Cleanipedia [PAR] Five Dots = 70 C [PAR] Six Dots = 95 C [PAR] Permanent Press: The Permanent Press symbol has one line beneath the standard wash symbol. Permanent Press fabrics have been treated with chemicals to ensure they resist wrinkles and retain their original shape. If a piece of clothing is permanent press, it usually means that you shouldn\u2019t iron it. [PAR] Gentle Cycle: The Gentle Cycle symbol has two lines beneath the standard wash symbol. The gentle cycle is for delicate fibres like wool or silk, or for items of clothing that could be damaged by a vigorous washing (like sequined tops, tights, or lycra). [PAR] Hand Wash: The Hand Wash symbol is the standard wash symbol with a hand at the top. For \u2018Hand Wash\u2019 clothing, do not use a washing machine. Instead wash garments in a sink or small tub, using your hands to ensure that the cleaning liquid is thoroughly rubbed into the material and subsequently rinsed out. Check your cleaning liquid to make sure it is suitable for hand washing \u2013 milder detergents have been specifically designed for hand wash use, and they are safe for your clothes and for your hands! [PAR] Do Not Wash: The Do Not Wash symbol is the standard wash symbol with a cross through it. If the label instructs you not to wash the item, it will have to be dry cleaned after it gets dirty \u2013 see the section on Dry Cleaning Symbols below. [PAR] Bleaching Guidelines on Wash Care Labels [PAR] [PAR] The next symbol on the care label is a triangle that refers to whether specific bleaching conditions can be used on the item. [PAR] Bleach: A triangle without anything in the middle means that any kind of bleach can be used on the clothing when needed. [PAR] Non-chlorine Bleach Only: A triangle filled with diagonal lines means that only non-chlorine bleaches should be used. Check the ingredients on your bleach to see if it contains chlorine. Find out more about the different kinds of bleach here . [PAR] Do Not Bleach: A solid black triangle with crossed lines means \u2018do not bleach\u2019 \u2013 you should not attempt to use any kind of bleach on this garment. [PAR] Drying Guidelines on Care Labels [PAR] Tumble Dry: The basic tumble dryer symbol is a square with a circle in the middle of it. [PAR] [PAR] As with the washing symbols, the number of dots inside the circle will tell you the heat setting you should put your tumble dryer on to, as well as any specific program settings required. Three dots mean Tumble Dry High, where as two dots means Tumble Dry Medium and one dot means Tumble Dry Low. [PAR] [PAR] Do Not Tumble Dry: When an item is marked as \u2018do not tumble dry\u2019 with a cross through the drying symbol, leave this garment to drip-dry on a drying rack, in an airing cupboard, or outside on your washing line rather than putting it in the dryer. [PAR] [PAR] Tumble Dry, Permanent Press: As before, a single line below the dryer symbol means that a Permanent Press setting should be used. [PAR] Tumble Dry, Delicate Setting: Double lines indicate that the Delicate setting must be used. [PAR] Ironing Guidelines on Care Labels [PAR] Iron: To make life easy, the ironing symbol is shaped like an old-fashioned iron. [PAR] Ironing symbols also employ the same dot system for heat levels, which should be adjustable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hole in the Wall Gang - The Wild West, Old West, American ... Hole in the Wall Gang - The Wild West [PAR] Hole in the Wall Gang [PAR] Wild West Outlaws and Lawmen [PAR] Hole in the Wall Gang [PAR] Hole-in-the-Wall Gang, was the name given to a gang in the American West, which took its name from the Hole-in-the-Wall Pass in Johnson County, Wyoming, where several outlaw gangs had their hideouts. [PAR] The Gang was actually made up of several separate gangs, all operating out of the Hole-in-the-Wall Pass, using it as their base of operations. The gangs formed a coalition, each planning and carrying out its own robberies with very little interaction with the other gangs. At times, members of one gang would ride along with other gangs, but usually each gang operated separately, meeting up only when they were each at the hideout at the same time. [PAR] The hideout had all the advantages needed for a gang attempting to evade the authorities. It was easily defended and impossible for lawmen to access without detection by the outlaws concealed there. It contained an infrastructure, with each gang supplying its own food and livestock supply, as well as its own horses. A corral, livery stable, and numerous cabins were constructed, one or two for each gang. Anyone operating out of there adhered to certain rules of the camp, to include a certain way in handling disputes with other gang members, and never stealing from another gang's supplies. Additionally, there was no leader. Each gang adhered to its own chain of command. The hideout was also used for shelter and a place for the outlaws to lay up during the harsh Wyoming winters. [PAR] Members included such infamous outlaws as Butch Cassidy, the Sundance Kid, The Curry Brothers (Kid and Lonny), \"Laughing\" Sam Carey, Black Jack Ketchum, Elzy Lay, and George \"Flat Nose\" Curry, along with several lesser known outlaw gangs of the Old West. [PAR] Several posses trailed outlaws to the location and there were several shootouts as posses attempted to enter the camp. The posses were repulsed, and forced to withdraw. No lawmen ever successfully entered it to capture outlaws during its more than fifty years of active existence, nor were any lawmen attempting to infiltrate it by use of undercover techniques successful. [PAR] The encampment operated with a steady stream of gangs rotating in and out from the late 1860s to the early 20th century. However by 1910, very few outlaws used the hideout, and it eventually faded into history. One of the cabins used by Butch Cassidy still exists today, and was relocated to Cody, Wyoming, where it is on display to the public. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1999-2016 thewildwest.org.[DOC] [TLE] The Wild Bunch | Wonders of Wyoming The Wild Bunch | Wonders of Wyoming [PAR] Share on Twitter [PAR] The Wild Bunch. (Wikipedia) [PAR] These guys were famous, kind of like the \u201crockstars\u201d of their day. They weren\u2019t a band of musicians, however. Oh no, they were a band of marauders that had gained their frontier fame by robbing banks and trains. Long before Bonnie and Clyde, and John Dillinger, there was The Wild Bunch. [PAR] The Wild Bunch was a gang that pulled jobs all over the wild west, but would hang their hats, and count their loot, right here in Wyoming. Their hideout was located at another site that has been recognized as a Wonder of Wyoming itself, the Hole in the Wall, located in the southern Bighorn Mountains, just west of Kaycee, Wyoming. The locals actually called the Wild"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] powertools - How do I remove a drill bit that is stuck due ... powertools - How do I remove a drill bit that is stuck due to an overtightened chuck? - Home Improvement Stack Exchange [PAR] How do I remove a drill bit that is stuck due to an overtightened chuck? [PAR] I recently bought a Bosch PSB 500 RE power drill and already I kinda screwed up the machine. [PAR] The chuck is keyless, consisting of two parts which I'll refer to as the head and the base. You would hold the base and rotate the head relative to the base to loosen or tighten the bit. [PAR] The machine is also equipped with a grip that is located on the drill body just before the base of the chuck. [PAR] While drilling this grip slipped and caught the base, stopped it from turning, so that only the head of the chuck was turning in the grip direction. [PAR] Now the whole chuck is too tight and it seems I can't release the bit any more. Any solutions? [PAR] Edit 1 [PAR] I tried wearing gloves, it didn't help. I also tried putting some WD40, but that didn't help because the bit is way too tight. [PAR] I heard that the chuck assembly can be replaced, what do you think? [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Don't replace the chuck assembly, it can't be that desperate yet. Did you try BMitch's strap wrench suggestion? You could also use locking or groove joint pliers with a heavy cloth or rubber sheet to protect the chuck finish. Even if the finish is damaged, the chuck will still function, but you may need to always use gloves on it because the damaged surface will be too harsh for bare skin. If the drill doesn't torque enough to loosen the chuck, you may need to use two tools to get it to loosen. It will loosen with the right tools. \u2013 bcworkz Jan 19 '13 at 20:28 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] You'd need to unscrew a screw that is accessible only when the bit is removed to replace the chuck. \u2013 sharptooth Jan 22 '13 at 7:35 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] @sharptooth my drill machine definitly does not have a screw that is covered by the bit, maybe in other models. check my amazon link \u2013 Moataz Elmasry Jan 22 '13 at 13:51 [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] Strange. The typical procedure is like in this video youtube.com/watch?v=usC8unA5RiA - you loosen the chuck open wide and then unscrew a screw inside. \u2013 sharptooth Jan 22 '13 at 14:05 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] nop I believe this is dependant on the model. mine most probably does not have this one \u2013 Moataz Elmasry Jan 22 '13 at 15:49 [PAR] up vote 19 down vote accepted [PAR] Put the drill in reverse, firmly grip the chuck (the part you were calling the head) and gently squeeze the trigger up the point that you cannot hold on. If you hear clicking, and it doesn't torque very much, you need to turn the torque setting up to the maximum (the highest number, or the drill setting if it has one). If it still doesn't budge and you're not able to hold the chuck against the force of the drill, you may want to use something stronger than your hand to hold the chuck. A strap wrench is well designed for this task and won't damage the chuck. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] I will try and get one of these strap wrenches and try again. I tried to use my bare hands as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World War II: Operation Chastise - About.com Education World War II Bomber Command Dambuster Raids [PAR] 19 aircraft [PAR] Operation Chastise Overview: [PAR] During the early days of World War II, the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command sought to strike at German dams in the Ruhr. Such an attack would damage water and electrical production, as well as inundate large areas of the region. Assessing the feasibility of the mission, it was found that multiple strikes with a high degree of accuracy would be necessary. As these would have to take place against heavy enemy resistance, Bomber Command dismissed the raids as unpractical. Pondering the mission, Barnes Wallis, an aircraft designer at Vickers, devised a different approach to breaching the dams. [PAR] While first proposing the use of a 10-ton bomb, Wallis was forced to move on as no aircraft capable carrying such a payload existed. Theorizing that a small charge could break the dams if detonated below the water, he was initially thwarted by the presence of German anti-torpedo nets in the reservoirs. [PAR] Pushing on with the concept, he began developing a unique, cylindrical bomb designed to skip along the surface of the water before sinking and exploding at the dam's base. To accomplish this, the bomb, designated Upkeep, was spun backwards at 500 rpm before being dropped from low altitude. [PAR] Striking the dam, the bomb's spin would let it roll down the face before exploding underwater. Wallis' idea was put forward to Bomber Command and after several conferences was accepted on February 26, 1943. While Wallis' team worked to perfect the Upkeep bomb design, Bomber Command assigned the mission to 5 Group. For the mission, a new unit, 617 Squadron, was formed with Wing Commander Guy Gibson in command. Based at RAF Scampton, just northwest of Lincoln, Gibson's men were given uniquely modified Avro Lancaster Mk.III bombers. [PAR] Dubbed the B Mark III Special (Type 464 Provisioning), 617's Lancasters had much of the armor and defensive armament removed to reduce weight. In addition, the bomb bay doors were taken off to allow the fitting of special crutches to hold and spin the Upkeep bomb. As the mission planning progressed, it was decided to strike the M\u00f6hne, Eder, and Sorpe Dams. While Gibson relentlessly trained his crews in low-altitude, night flying, efforts were made to find solutions to two key technical problems. [PAR] These were ensuring that the Upkeep bomb was released at a precise altitude and distance from the dam. For the first issue, two lights were mounted under each aircraft such that their beams would converge on the surface of the water then the bomber was at the correct altitude. To judge range, special aiming devices which utilized towers on each dam were built for 617's aircraft. With these problems solved, Gibson's men began test runs over reservoirs around England. Following their final testing, the Upkeep bombs were delivered on May 13, with the goal of Gibson's men conducting the mission four days later. [PAR] Flying the Dambuster Mission: [PAR] Taking off in three groups after dark on May 17, Gibson's crews flew at around 100 feet to evade German radar. On the outbound flight, Gibson's Formation 1, consisting of nine Lancasters, lost an aircraft en route to the M\u00f6hne when it was downed by high tension wires. Formation 2 lost all but one of its bombers as it flew towards Sorpe. The last group, Formation 3, served as a reserve force and diverted three aircraft to Sorpe to make up for losses. Arriving at M\u00f6hne, Gibson led the attack in and successfully"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jalousie Windows - Worcester Window Company Jalousie Windows - Worcester Window Company [PAR] Jalousie Windows [PAR] Let us contact you with our FREE ESTIMATE! [PAR] Name * [PAR] How Did You Hear About Us? * [PAR] Comment * [PAR] Get My FREE Estimate [PAR] Jalousie Windows [PAR] This is a window type that allows air into a space through glass louvered panels that are each parallel to one another in a frame. Each of the louvers are connected to each other on a track so they can tilt in unity. The tilting of the glass louvers is usually achieved by turning a crank near or within the window frame. These window frames are usually made of aluminum which does have some negative issues which we will address later in this description. [PAR] [PAR] There are a few features that make this window type desirable to some home owners which we discuss below. [PAR] [PAR] Allows maximum air flow and natural ventilation into a space [PAR] The louvered glass panels create interesting sight lines and sunlight patterns during the day [PAR] The ability to use this window type during bad climatic conditions [PAR] The jalousie window was a popular window type in mobile homes in the 1950s and the 1960s. Then they become used in modern homes after that time when several notable architects incorporated the window type into their design because of the ability for the window to be used during bad climatic conditions, like heavy rain. Even when it rains hard a home owner and use tilt the glass window panels to a direction that allows in air but not rain. [PAR] [PAR] The fact that the jalousie window can allow in desired ventilation despite the type of weather that is taking place on the outside (sunny day, rainy day, tropical storm), allowed this window type to gain traction and has become one of the basic window types home owners like to use on their residence. [PAR] [PAR] Some of the issues that have been noted to occur with the jalousie window are the way the glass louvered panels adhere to the window frame. The side mechanism can get stuck which makes it difficult to open the window panels. In addition if using an aluminum window frame it can corrode and cause opening problems as well. This is not a very energy efficient window since even when closed some air may leak out of a space. These are just some of the concerns that have been reported about the jalousie window, but there are ways to mitigate many of these issues which we can discuss if you have issues. [PAR] [PAR] Today the jalousie window has been showcased in several high profile architectural designs that have won awards and received national notoriety. The modern jalousie still may have some of the problems discussed above, but if the right material is chosen for the situation then these issues should be minimized. This window type is a nice addition to any home and can add a level of flair that other window types just cannot do. [PAR] [PAR] Worcester Window Company is your premier window service company with experience in all window types including the jalousie window. We have been in business for decades and have roots here in the Worcester community. So when you are ready to let us handle all your window service needs give us a call at (508) 455-4390, and let one of our customer service representatives answer any questions or concerns you may have. [PAR] Worcester Window Company[DOC] [TLE] Palladian Windows - Worcester Window"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Watch Hector the Cat Video - OVGuide | Watch Online Watch \"Hector the Cat\" Video [PAR] Family Filter: ON OFF [PAR] Watch Hector the Cat Video [PAR] Hector the Cat is a fictional cat and mascot created to aid the teaching of road safety to children in Australia. Educational material relating to the character was developed by the Australian Department of Transport in association with state and territory road authorities. \"Hector's road safety... Show More [PAR] Hector the Cat is a fictional cat and mascot created to aid the teaching of road safety to children in Australia. Educational material relating to the character was developed by the Australian Department of Transport in association with state and territory road authorities. \"Hector's road safety song\" became well known in Australia when it was shown as a public service announcement on television. The blue and yellow striped cat first appeared on a school calendar in 1971 with a storyline that he had lost eight of his nine lives due to \"ignorance of road safety practices\". This was followed by a short instructional film. In subsequent years other characters were introduced in calendars, instructional films, and comic books including Millie, his girlfriend, Uncle Tom, Hector and Millie's three kittens and his space friend Ding Dong. A study in 1978 found that, although children enjoyed the characters and stories, the material had a number of inadequacies. It stressed that road safety research findings and child development theory would need to be considered for any future development. Show Less"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Origins of the Stock Market - Stock Trading Warrior Origins of the Stock Market [PAR] The trend is your friend! Click here to see the Top 50 Trending Stocks. [PAR] Ancient Glimmers [PAR] Amazingly, some people believe the origins of the stock market can be observed as far back as ancient Rome. Back in Roman times, organizations called \"Societates Publicanorum\" were formed that offered investments referred to as \"partes\" or what we now know them as - shares. These organizations offered partes to individuals to help the government with the building of public structures and perform other community/civic services. The shares were tradeable and had fluctuating prices based on the underlying project's success. This seems more orientated toward what we now know as the municipal bond market, but it didn't take much of an imagination for some industrious Romans to transfer the principle onto private industry and some scholars believe this did, in fact, take place. [PAR] The Age of Exploration [PAR] During the age of exploration, hundreds of new sailing expeditions set forth and many of the journeys were those of merchants looking to trade. As these expeditions became more frequent, alternative methods to finance them were needed. The concept of selling partnership agreements to investors by dividing ownership of explorations into shares dates back to at least to the 13th Century in Italy. These agreements were typically only offered to a small group of investors and were of a limited duration with shipping partnerships that applied only to a single sea voyage. The trading of these kinds of shares grew throughout Northern Europe and eventually, a group of cities created the Hanseatic League which provided services to offer the shares to more individual investors. This was only a glimmer of the origins of the stock market, because at that time there were still no paper shares issued, and there was no \"after market\" buying or selling of those share interests. [PAR] Antwerp [PAR] Glass Roof of the Late Antwerp [PAR] Bourse. Wood engraving, 1858. [PAR] In 1531, the Belgian \"bourse\" of Antwerp was the world's oldest financial exchange mainly trading in promissory notes, bonds and commodities. The word \"bourse\" originated from a family-run inn in the town of Bruges where 15th century merchants met to conduct financial affairs. The definition of the word bourse is: an exchange as an assembly meeting at frequent intervals, usually daily, consisting of the merchants and another person, who meet for the purpose of dealing without exhibiting, delivering or paying for their goods at the same time. This certainly had some of the beginning characteristics of the origins of the stock market. [PAR] As word spread about Antwerp's success with trading financially derived investments, the enthusiasm filtered over into London's financial development activities. [PAR] London [PAR] In 1571, officially opened by Queen Elizabeth I, The Royal Exchange was modeled after the Antwerp Exchange building and like the Antwerp bourse, it offered the opportunity for a large group of merchants to sell merchandise. However, as trade expeditions continued to form, The Royal Exchange also included a small group of brokers offering marketable share interests in various expeditions. [PAR] Amsterdam [PAR] In the early 1600s, the Dutch East India Company (Vereinigte Oostindische Compaignie) and later the Dutch West India Company were formed to trade spices between Amsterdam and East India (Indonesia). Similar to how companies now operate, the directors controlled the company's operations including multiple expeditions rather than a single one, but the financials of the company were not available for investors to study. Shareholders received a 16% dividend per year on their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camels Have Three Eyelids To Protect Their Eyes From Camels Have Three Eyelids To Protect Their Eyes From [PAR] Camels Have Three Eyelids To Protect Their Eyes From [PAR] Do Camels Have Three Eyelids? : Camels have three eyelids to protect their eyes from the sand and flying debris in. chacha/question/whydocamelshave. [PAR] How Many Eyelids Does a Camel Have? : Camels have three eyelids, they are long eyelashes to protect their eyes from sand. The third eyelid is like a windshield wiper on a car, wiping the sand away. [PAR] Camels Have Three Eyelids : Two of the eyelids have eye lashes which help protect their eyes from It is also thin enough that the Camels can see through it somewhat. [PAR] how many eyelids does a camel have? : Camels have 3 eyelids and for good reasons too. To protect their eyes, camels have long eyelashes (A) that catch most of the sand. Sources: [PAR] How Many Eyelids does a Camel Have : A camel has 3 eyelids to protect their eyes from the sand in the desert. They have one on top, one on the bottom and one on the read more free on [PAR] Why does a camel have three eyelids per eye : The camels' eyes are specially protected by three eyelids on each eye, this helps protect from howling Why do camels have thick wool on their lower bodies? [PAR] Why do camels have 3 eyelids : Answer: Camels have three eyelids to protect their eyes from the sandstorms in the desert. Why do camels have thick wool on their lower bodies? Answer it [PAR] What Animal Has Three Eyelids? : Camels are one of the largest mammals that boast third Frogs, lizards and snakes all use their third eyelids to protect their eyes from dust, mud and injury. [PAR] Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand : Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand. camel's eyes are protected by long eyelashes and have an extra thin eyelid. He can see through this 3rd eyelid allowing him to find his way even in a harsh desert storm. [PAR] Trivia Camel Has 3 Eyelids : Camels have three eyelids to protect their eyes from blowing sand.Two of the eyelids (the upper and lower eyelids) have eyelashes. The third [PAR] How many eyelids does a camels eye have? Just2Smart : Camels have three eyelids to protect from the desert sand. some truth in the saying that a camel could find its way though a sand storm with its eyes closed. [PAR] Camels have the most beautiful eyes : The secret of the camel is its three eyelids. If you look closely, two of the lids have eye lashes, which protects their eyes from the sand. The third [PAR] Which animals have three eyelids? : This is especially helpful for desertdwelling camels, protecting them from the look in the inner corners of your eyes you can still see their vestigial remains. [PAR] How does the camel walk in the desert easilyReasonNature : The camel has three eyelids and two layers of eyelashes to protect itself from dust and sun. To protect their eyes, camels have long eyelashes that catch most of [PAR] What Animal Has Three Eyelids? What Purpose Do The : Camels do have to protect themselves, and especially their eyes, from the dust, and this Cats and dogs have three eyelids, but probably other animals do, too. [PAR] Camels Have 3 Eyelids by : to protect their eyes from sand this is for my illustration class its for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of pre-decimal British coins - Fou de monnaies History of pre-decimal British coins [PAR] The farthing [PAR] Diameter : 20.0 mm ; Weight : 2.8 grams [PAR] One needed forty-eight parts of a farthing to make one shilling. The farthing existed from 1672 to 1956, but it is in 1860 that it will be struck out of bronze with the format it will keep until its disappearance in 1956, i.e. with the diameter of 20 millimetres for a weight of 2.83 grams. The origins of the denomination : in first it was fourthing, because a quarter of... [PAR] The half-penny [PAR] Diameter : 25.0 mm ; Weight : 5.7 grams [PAR] The half-penny was equivalent to one 24th of shilling. The half-penny existed from 1672 to 1967, but like the farthing, it is only in 1860 that it adopts the proportions it will keep until 1967. It will be replaced by the new half-penny in 1971. [PAR] The penny [PAR] Diameter : 31.0 mm ; Weight : 9.4 grams [PAR] The penny was the twelfth part from one shilling. It always carried on the reverse the famous sitted Britannia. The penny is the continuation of a roman coin, Denarius or continental denier, its origin is thus very old, but it is only under George III that this coin is struck out of bronze and its format gradually reduced until the standard which will remain invariable from 1860 to 1967. [PAR] Silver coins [PAR] The three pence [PAR] Diameter : 16.0 mm ; Weight : 1,4 grams [PAR] One needed four coins of three pence to make one shilling. The coin of three pence existed since 1551. This silver coin of small diameter, weighting 1.4138 grams, was struck until 1944. Another coin of three pence out of brass , larger, of dodecagonal form, appeared in 1937 and lasted until 1967. [PAR] The four pence or Groat [PAR] Diameter : 16.0 mm ; Weight : 1,9 grams [PAR] There were four pennies in a groat. Groats circulated between the 14th and 17th centuries. For the 19th and 20th, the coin of four pence was not a current coin, i.e. it did not circulate and was only in sets of new coins, just as the silver coins of 3, 2 and 1 pence. [PAR] The six pence [PAR] Diameter : 19.0 mm ; Weight : 2,8 grams [PAR] The coin of six pence was worth one six pence. It existed since 1549. It kept the same proportions for a long time, its weight was 3.0100 grams. This coin was struck out of silver before Victoria until under the reign of George VI, in 1946. From 1947, it was struck out of copper-nickel until 1967. After the decimalization of the English coins, the six pence were accepted with the value of 2.5 new pence. [PAR] The shilling [PAR] Diameter : 24.0 mm ; Weight : 5,7 grams [PAR] To make one shilling, twelve pence were needed. This coin existed since 1548. The shilling was already out of silver under the reign of George III and remained so until 1946. The silver shilling weighed 5.6552 grams. From 1947, the shilling was struck out of copper-nickel, until 1967, date of its disappearance. [PAR] The florin [PAR] Diameter : 28.5 mm ; Weight : 11,3 grams [PAR] The silver coin of a florin was worth two shillings. There is an interisting fact to know concerning the English florin : this coin in the first attempt to introduce the decimal system into British coinage. The first florin appears in 1848 or 1849 and does not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From New York City to Yonkers along the Hudson River ... From New York City to Yonkers along the Hudson River - Access Genealogy [PAR] From New York City to Yonkers along the Hudson River [PAR] Updated: January 6, 2014 | New York | 0 | [PAR] Discover your family's story. [PAR] Enter a grandparent's name to get started. [PAR] Start Now [PAR] This upper landing of the Hudson River Day Line has a beautiful location and is a great convenience to the dwellers of northern Manhattan. On leaving the pier the steel-arched structure of Riverside Drive is seen on the right. The valley here spanned, in the neighborhood of 127th Street, was once known as \u201cMarritje Davids\u2019 Fly,\u201d and the local name for this part of New York above Claremont Heights is still known as \u201cManhattanville.\u201d The Convent of the Sacred Heart is visible among the trees, and [PAR] Trinity Cemetery\u2019s Monuments soon gleam along the wooded bank. Among her distinguished dead is the grave of General John A. Dix whose words rang across the land sixty days before the attack on Fort Sumter: \u201cIf any man attempts to pull down the American flag shoot him on the spot.\u201d The John A. Dix Post of New York comes hither each Decoration Day and garlands with imposing ceremonies his grave and the graves of their comrades. [PAR] Near Carmansville was the home of Audubon, the ornithologist, and the residences above the cemetery are grouped together as Audubon Park. Near at hand is the New York Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, and pleasantly located near the shore the River House once known as West-End Hotel. [PAR] Washington Heights [PAR] Washington Heights rise in a bold bluff above Jeffrey\u2019s Hook. After the withdrawal of the American army from Long Island, it became apparent to General Washington and Hamilton that New York would have to be abandoned. General Greene and Congress believed in maintaining the fort, but future developments showed that Washington was right. The American troops, so far as clothing or equipment was concerned, were in a pitiable condition, and the result of the struggle makes one of the darkest pages of the war. On the 12th of November Washington started from Stony Point for Fort Lee and arrived the 13th, finding to his disappointment that General Greene, instead of having made arrangements for evacuating, was, on the contrary, reinforcing Fort Washington. The entire defense numbered only about 2000 men, mostly militia, with hardly a coat, to quote an English writer, \u201cthat was not out at the elbows.\u201d \u201cOn the night of the 14th thirty flat-bottomed boats stole quietly up the Hudson, passed the American forts undiscovered, and made their way through Spuyten Duyvil Creek into Harlem River. The means were thus provided for crossing that river, and landing before unprotected parts of the American works.\u201d [PAR] According to Irving, \u201cOn the 15th General Howe sent a summons to surrender, with a threat of extremities should he have to carry the place by assault.\u201d Magaw, in his reply, intimated a doubt that General Howe would execute a threat \u201cso unworthy of himself and the British nation; but give me leave,\u201d added he, \u201cto assure his Excellency, that, actuated by the most glorious cause that mankind ever fought in, I am determined to defend this post to the very last extremity.\u201d [PAR] \u201cApprised by the colonel of his peril, General Greene sent over reinforcements, with an exhortation to him to persist in his defense; and dispatched an express to General Washington, who was at Hackensack, where the troops from Peekskill"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ESPN: The Worldwide Leader in Sports ESPN: The Worldwide Leader in Sports [PAR] NBA [PAR] Andrew Han ESPN Writer [PAR] The Clippers started Raymond Felton and Austin Rivers in their first game without Chris Paul, out 6-to-8 weeks from thumb surgery. Going small against the Timberwolves wings of Zach LaVine and Andrew Wiggins has led to mixed results. The Clippers lead late in the first quarter, but the Wolves front court had 21 points on 9-for-12 shooting. [PAR] share [PAR] ESPN Stats and Information [PAR] Nikola Jokic is the 1st Nuggets player to record 3 straight games with 25 points and 10 rebounds since Carmelo Anthony on March 15-18, 2010. [PAR] share [PAR] Myron Medcalf ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] Arizona embarrassing USC in Los Angeles right now. Amazing what Sean Miller has done without Allonzo Trier and other injured players. Might be UCLA's greatest threat in the PAC-12, especially if Dillon Brooks is sidelined beyond tonight. [PAR] share [PAR] ESPN Stats and Information [PAR] Knicks forward Carmelo Anthony followed up his 25-point second quarter by shooting 2-of-12 the rest of the game [PAR] share [PAR] Dave McMenamin ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] LeBron James says his son, 12-year-old LeBron Jr., who was seen in a recent AAU highlight video completing a through-the-legs layup, has been studying his dad's old high school footage for inspiration. Would LeBron Sr. have been able to do that move at 12? \"No, I wouldn't even have had the nerve to try it,\" James told ESPN. [PAR] share [PAR] Ohm Youngmisuk ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] John Wall scores the last four points to dash a furious Knicks' comeback and then Washington doesn't allow a Knicks' shot to get up on final possession to escape with a 113-110 win. It's only the fifth road win of the season for Washington. Knicks have now lost 12-of-their-last-15 games. [PAR] share [PAR] Myron Medcalf ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] Bad news for Oregon. Dillon Brooks in locker room with lower left leg injury. Had surgery on left foot in the offseason. [PAR] share [PAR] Ohm Youngmisuk ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] So after scoring 100 points through three quarters, Washington has been held to nine in the fourth with 1:37 to go. Knicks have been hustling with Derrick Rose even hitting the floor for a loose ball past half court. Madison Square Garden is ready to explode if Knicks take the lead. Knicks trail 109-108. [PAR] share [PAR] Myron Medcalf ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] Louisville needed 10 minutes to realize Quentin Snider wasn't walking through those doors. But the team exposed the limitations of a Clemson defense that's surrendered 75 or more during its current four-game losing streak. Cardinals getting whatever shots they want. [PAR] share [PAR] Ohm Youngmisuk ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] Carmelo Anthony cooled off after halftime with just one point in the third after dropping 25 in the second. But Washington didn't stop scoring, reaching 100 by end of third. Defenseless Knicks trail 100-86 entering fourth quarter. [PAR] share [PAR] Myron Medcalf ESPN Staff Writer [PAR] Casey Benson unstoppable right now for Oregon. Made first four 3-point attempts. A beneficiary of Dillon Brooks' return. Easier for the sharpshooter to find open looks. When Benson/Brooks are together, Oregon connects on 49.2 percent of its 3-point attempts and 39 percent when it's just Benson (hooplens.com). [PAR] share [PAR] Ramona Shelburne ESPN Senior Writer [PAR] Steph Curry on being named a starter in the All Star Game, nabbing a spot at the expense of Westbrook, \"It's a big storyline because those two guys are doing amazing things this year. There's only"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Appendix:English collective nouns - Wiktionary Appendix:English collective nouns - Wiktionary [PAR] Appendix:English collective nouns [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] A user suggests that this appendix be cleaned up, giving the reason: \u201ccitations need cleanup\u201d. [PAR] Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup ( + ) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with. [PAR] A collective noun is a special kind of noun that refers to a collection of objects \u2014 often animals \u2014 such as a flock of birds, or a pride of lions. [PAR] In the lists which follow, terms marked with a + belong to the 15th-century list of \" proper terms \" contained in the Book of St Albans . Many of these are fanciful or humorous terms which have never had any real currency, but have been taken up by various antiquarian writers. [1] [PAR] The lists are given in two formats, as shown below. [PAR] Contents: [PAR] army : An army of ants [PAR] B [PAR] business : A business of ferrets +? [PAR] C [PAR] clowder : A clowder of cats + ? [2] [PAR] cluster : A cluster of (workers around queen) bees [PAR] clutter : A clutter of cats [PAR] Words beginning \"cm - cz\" [PAR] conspiracy : A conspiracy of ravens [PAR] D [PAR] flock : A flight of birds [PAR] flock : A flock of geese (in the air) [PAR] flourish : A flourish of strumpets [PAR] Words beginning \"fm - fz\" [PAR] gang : A gang of thugs [PAR] glaring : A glaring of cats [PAR] glory : A glory of unicorns [PAR] Words beginning \"gm - gz\" [PAR] group : A group of languages [PAR] H [PAR] hand : A hand of bananas [PAR] herd : The collective noun for (various) herbivores . [PAR] hive : A hive of bees (standard) [PAR] Words beginning \"hm - hz\" [PAR] husk : A husk of hares [PAR] I [PAR] kindle : A kindle of kittens ? [8] [PAR] kit : A kit of pigeons in flight. [PAR] Words beginning \"km - kz\" [PAR] knob : A knob (less than 30) wildfowl [PAR] L [PAR] litter : A litter of various unweaned animals. [PAR] Words beginning \"lm - lz\" [PAR] load : A load of washing [PAR] M [PAR] mischief : A mischief of rats [PAR] Words beginning \"mm - mz\" [PAR] mob : A mob of kangaroo [PAR] N [PAR] nursery : A nursery of racoons [PAR] O [PAR] pack : A pack of cards [PAR] pack : the collective noun for (various) carnivores [PAR] plump : A plump of wildfowl [PAR] Words beginning \"pm - pz\" [PAR] punnet : A punnet of mice [15] [PAR] Q [PAR] richness : A richness of martens . +? [PAR] Words beginning \"rm - rz\" [PAR] run : A run of fish [PAR] S [PAR] shrewdness : A shrewdness of apes + ? [18] [PAR] shoal : A collective noun for (various) fish . [PAR] sleuth : A sleuth of bears [PAR] Words beginning \"sm - sz\" [PAR] superfluity : A superfluity of nuns . [PAR] swarm : The collective noun for (various) insects . [PAR] swarm : A swarm of gnats [PAR] T [PAR] team : A team of ducks (on the wing). [PAR] team : A team of geese (in flight). [PAR] team : A team of (various) sportsmen . [PAR] Words beginning \"tm - tz\" [PAR] troupe : A troupe of dancers [PAR] U [PAR] unkindness : An unkindness of ravens [PAR] V [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts About Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - Orlando Villas Facts About Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] Facts About Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] Search [PAR] Tweet [PAR] For many children, particularly little girls, the highlight of any trip to Disneyworld, Orlando, Florida is the chance to see all the Disney princesses in magical surroundings. It is enchanting to see children living their dream as they explore Magic Kingdom in their princess outfits. \u2018Snow White\u2019s Scary Adventures\u2019 is one of the most popular rides in Magic Kingdom and appeals to children of all ages \u2013 including those of us who are young at heart. [PAR] In this charming and whimsical attraction guests travel in wooden mine carts, named after the seven dwarfs, through scenes of Snow White\u2019s adventures. The journey takes 3 minutes and does include a few scary encounters with the wicked and evil Queen. When the ride opened, some of these scenes had to be toned down as there were complaints that children were frightened by them. Of course no fairy story would be complete without a happy ending so the ride ends with the seven dwarfs waving goodbye to Snow White and her dream Prince. In fact, Snow White did not feature in this ride when it opened as you, the guest, were supposed to be Snow White. This caused a lot of confusion as guests did not realise this. She was not actually added until 1994 when it was hoped her addition would \u2018soften\u2019 the ride and make it less scary for children. [PAR] Of course, Snow White is one of the favourite Disney Princesses. The film \u2018Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\u2019 was Disney\u2019s first major feature film, as until that point they had only been involved in the making of short animations. [PAR] For those of you who love this Disney classic here are a few interesting facts: [PAR] 1. The film, \u2018Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\u2019 took 3 years to produce. In fact it was known mockingly in the industry as \u2018Disney\u2019s Folly, \u2019 and even Walt\u2019s wife, Lillian, said \u2018No one\u2019s ever gonna pay a dime to see a dwarf picture. \u2019 She had to eat her words \u2013 it was a major success from the day it was released! [PAR] 2. Disney had to mortgage his house in order to finance the production of the film, which eventually cost a whopping $1. 5 million, a vast amount for a film made in 1937. He had initially hoped it could be produced for just $250, 000, so this was a huge miscalculation on his part. [PAR] 3. The premier of the film took place at the Cathay Circle Theater on December 21st, 1937 and it was given a standing ovation. It went on general release on February 4th, 1938, and made more money than any other motion picture in that year. [PAR] 4. Until 1939, \u2018Snow White\u2019 was the highest grossing film in American cinema history but it was ousted by \u2018Gone With the Wind. \u2019 However, it is still one of the top ten money-making American films of all time. [PAR] 5. The songs were composed by Larry Morey and Frank Churchill. Some of the most popular songs were \u2018Whistle While you Work, \u2019 \u2018Some Day My Prince Will Come, \u2019 and \u2018Heigh-Ho. \u2019 I am sure most of us are able to sing along to these classic melodies. The film was nominated for \u2018Best Musical Score. \u2019 [PAR] 6. There were about 50 names suggested for the seven dwarfs, including Silly, Awful,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Malta-The George Cross Island - \"Towns & Villages\" (3) Malta-The George Cross Island - \"Towns & Villages\" (3) [PAR] Malta-The George Cross Island [PAR] This site was built with RapidWeaver [PAR] Towns and Villages in Malta and Gozo [PAR] A four-part series [PAR] Published by the Conventual Franciscans of Rabat (Religjon u Hajja), Malta - 1994 [PAR] (Excerpts) [PAR] - Book 4: Gozo [PAR] 1. SANTA VENERA [PAR] (...) The railway line connecting Valletta and Mdina was laid out in the middle of the 19th century. The area that now makes up Santa Venera, midway between the old and the new capitals, constituted an important segment. Guard huts numbered four through six were located in it On July 22, 1923, a herd of 136 bulls at Guard Hut Number 4 crossing were hit by a Valletta-bound train. 34 bulls perished in a slaughter that also reminds one of the cattle trails of the American west. [PAR] A more pleasant story is told of the aqueduct that was constructed between 1610 and 1615, during Grand Master Alof de Wignacourt's rule (1601-22). The new capital of Valletta was then taking shape, but it was thirsty. And cities don't grow without water. The idea to pipe water from the springs of the northwest, where it was plentiful, to Valletta, where it was needed, had been proposed many times. But Santa Venera's elevation had presented a major problem. Based on the technology available at the time, the only feasible solution was the construction of a series of arches so that a gradual slope could be maintained. [PAR] As grand master, Wignacourt was expected to pay a gioja (gift). Whereas his predecessors had donated buildings and riches. he paid for the 9-mile aqueduct. A generous portion of the colonnade still clings to a tower that was constructed to monitor the flow of the water. Stone arches survive all the way to Fleur-de-Lis Junction, where a marble tablet on an elaborate archway once declared: \"Hitherto Valletta has been dead. Now the spirit of water revives her.\" Support is growing for the reconstruction of this archway and the restoration of the aqueduct. (...) [PAR] (...) Another grand master associated with Santa Venera is Antonio Manoel de Vilhena, who ruled between 1724 and 1732. Just before he died, he built a country mansion which survives with all its baroque. This historic building is known as Dar il-Ljuni or Casa Leone (House of Lions), for two stone lions supporting Vilhena's coat of arms. In the 1950s, it served briefly as the National Museum of Malta, housing treasures that had been shuttled around during the war to avoid the bombings. (...) [PAR] 2. BIRKIRKARA [PAR] (...) Had no change occurred in the framework of Maltese towns and villages since the time of Napoleon... there would be over 100,000 karkarizi today, almost one out of every three Maltese. Even as new towns and villages were sliced out of it, Birkirkara's population continued to grow, doubling between 1614 and 1766 (from 2,000 to [PAR] 3,900) and again by 1911 (to 8,418). The current population of about 22,000 makes this central town the largest locality in Malta, with three times the population of the capital city of Valletta. [PAR] Birkirkara has always been first and foremost in practically every facet of Maltese life. A high priority in all traditional communities is their hierarchical place in the church. One of the first parishes (already one in 1402), Birkirkara was also the first to be declared a collegiate (1630). A collegiate church is one that is run by canons, who rank higher than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Band Aid at 30: Fascinating facts you never knew about ... Band Aid at 30: Fascinating facts you never knew about charity single's line-ups, bust-ups and hiccups - Mirror Online [PAR] Celebs [PAR] Band Aid at 30: Fascinating facts you never knew about charity single's line-ups, bust-ups and hiccups [PAR] From the original track in 1984, up to the jaunty 1989 version by Stock, Aitken and Waterman and the radical reworking of 2004, they\u2019ve always proved eventfull [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] As Bob Geldof unveils the stunning supergroup creating Band Aid 30 , we look back at the previous recordings of Do They Know It\u2019s Christmas? [PAR] From the original track in 1984, up to the jaunty 1989 version by Stock, Aitken and Waterman and the radical reworking of 2004, they\u2019ve always proved eventful. [PAR] Here are a dozen facts about the previous line-ups, bust-ups and hiccups. [PAR] Video Loading [PAR] Click to play Tap to play [PAR] The video will start in 8Cancel [PAR] Play now [PAR] [PAR] 1 Bob Geldof insisted Boy George fly from New York to London to take part in the 1984 recording - he eventually arrived late at the studio at 6pm. [PAR] But the Culture Club frontman\u2019s throat was so sore from the band\u2019s gig on the previous night that he had to neck a bottle of brandy. [PAR] Not surprisingly, he took the most takes to get his vocal right. [PAR] 2 The first line of the 1984 version of Do They Know It\u2019s Christmas? was written for David Bowie, but he was unable to attend on the day of the recording. [PAR] It was performed by Paul \u201cWherever I Lay My Hat\u201d Young instead. [PAR] 3 The original Band Aid of 1984 sold over three million copies in the first week alone and stayed at number one in Britain for five weeks. [PAR] 4 There have been a few hangers-on over the years. [PAR] Singer Marilyn, turned up to the original Band Aid recording in 1984 despite not being invited, and on the Band Aid 20 recording in 2004 Damon Albarn didn\u2019t perform, he just made tea for the other stars while wearing a pink apron. [PAR] Launch: Bob Geldof and Midge Ure yesterday (Photo: PA) [PAR] 5 Soulful modfather Paul Weller was called upon to mime the line sung by husky U2 rocker Bono during a Band Aid performance on Top of the Pops in 1984. [PAR] 6 During the recording of Band Aid 20 in 2004, Bono insisted he sang the same line again: \u201cWell, tonight thank God it\u2019s them, instead of you.\u201d [PAR] At the original recording in 1984 he was the only singer to record his line perfectly on the first attempt. [PAR] 7 During the recording of the original Band Aid in 1984, cheeky chappies Status Quo spotted Spandau Ballet going to the studio\u2019s toilets and thought it would be a hoot to lock them in there - but they didn\u2019t stand for any of it, kicking in the loo door to make their escape. [PAR] 8 The second Band Aid single, produced by Stock, Aitken and Waterman in 1989, featured a few big names like Kylie Minogue, Cliff Richard, Bros and Wet Wet Wet. [PAR] However, unlike the 1984 original the line up, it also featured several artists who have been largely forgotten. Anybody recall Deuce, The Pasadenas or Big Fun? [PAR] 9 There were apparently a few problems caused"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Babe Ruth [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (53) | Personal Quotes (18) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' 1\u00bd\" (1.87 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Most of Babe Ruth's records have been broken. In 1961, not only did Roger Maris break The Babe's 34-year-old record for most home runs in a season with 61* (2001), but Maris' teammate on the '61 Yankees, pitcher 'Whitey Ford' broke The Babe's 43-year-old record for most scoreless innings pitched in a World Series when the Yankees dispatched the Reds that year in the post-season. (When asked how it felt to have beat The Babe's \"other\" record, Whitey responded, \"It was a bad year for The Babe\".) [PAR] Though Barry Bonds now holds the record for most home runs in a season (73), most home runs in a career 762 and counting), highest slugging percentage, most intentional walks, etc., The Babe still must be considered the greatest player that ever graced the game. In addition to his record 12 home run titles, his 13 slugging titles, his six R.B.I. titles, and his solo batting title (.378 in 1934; The Babe placed in the top five hitters in terms of batting average eight times, including a career high of .393 in 1923, when Harry Heilmann hit .403), The Babe won 18, 23 and 24 games as a left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox in 1915, 1916 and 1917, and won the American League E.R.A. title in '16. He set his first home run title in 1918, another year the Sox won the World Series, as a part time position player and part-time pitcher, notching up 11 homers and nine wins. George Herman Ruth likely will remain the sole player in major league baseball history to win batting, home run, R.B.I., slugging *and* E.R.A. titles, plus eat a dozen hot dogs and drink the better part of a keg of bootleg \"needle\" beer before suiting up for a game. [PAR] From 1914 to 1919, The Babe played for the Boston Red Sox, with whom he appeared on three World's Championship teams. Sold to the New York Yankees by Red Sox owner and theatrical impresario Harry Frazee , he led the-then crownless American League franchise in Gotham to seven A.L. pennants and four World Series titles from 1920-1934. He played out his string with the Boston Braves in 1935; even a washed-up Babe was still able to pole three circuit clouts in one game before calling it quits after 28 games and six dingers in that last season. The following year, he was one of the inaugural inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Yes, the Babe was mighty, and he did prevail (more often than naught) except over one opponent: Father Time. [PAR] The Babe ended his 22 years in the Big Leagues with 2,873 hits good for a career batting average of .342, 714 home runs, 2,217 R.B.I.s, and 2,174 runs scored in 2,503 games. (From his debut in 1914 through the 1918 season, when he was making his transition to becoming a full time position player, Ruth only appeared in 261 ball games as he was considered the top left-handed pitcher in the American League.) In the record books, Ty Cobb scored more runs and Hank Aaron hit more homers and racked up more R.B.I.'s (interestingly, Hammering Hank and The Babe ended their careers with the exact same number of runs scored), but they played in far more games than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Owl and the Pussycat - es.scribd.com The Owl and the Pussycat [PAR] Edward Lear's Nonsense Poetry and Art [PAR] I [PAR] T [PAR] he Owl and the Pussy-cat went to seaIn a beautiful pea green boat,They took some honey, and plenty of money,Wrapped up in a five pound note.The Owl looked up to the stars above,And sang to a small guitar,'O lovely Pussy! O Pussy my love,What a beautiful Pussy you are,You are,You are!What a beautiful Pussy you are!' [PAR] II [PAR] [PAR] Pussy said to the Owl, 'You elegant fowl!How charmingly sweet you sing!O let us be married! too long we have tarried:But what shall we do for a ring?'They sailed away, for a year and a day,To theland where the Bong-tree growsAnd there in a wood a Piggy-wig stoodWith a ring at the end of his nose,His nose,His nose,With a ring at the end of his nose. [PAR] III [PAR] 'Dear pig, are you willing to sell for one shillingYourring?' Said the Piggy, 'I will.'So they took it away, and were married next dayBy the Turkey who lives on the hill.They dined on mince, and slices of quince,Which they ate with a runcible spoon;And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand,They danced by the light of the moon,The moon,The moon,They danced by the light of the moon. [PAR] More From This User"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough ... A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough - iSnare Free Encyclopedia [PAR] A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough [PAR] 7 June 1929 \u2013 24 August 1931 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] 11 May 1940 \u2013 25 May 1945 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] 3 August 1945 \u2013 4 October 1946 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] 20 December 1946 \u2013 28 February 1950 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] 28 February 1950 \u2013 26 October 1951 [PAR] Monarch [PAR] Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords [PAR] In office [PAR] Alma mater [PAR] None [PAR] Albert Victor Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough, KG , CH , PC (1 May 1885 \u2013 11 January 1965) was a British Labour Co-operative politician. He was three times First Lord of the Admiralty , including during the Second World War , and then Minister of Defence under Clement Attlee . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Blue Plaque marking his birthplace [PAR] Born in Weston-super-Mare and one of four children, [1] A. V. Alexander was the son of Albert Alexander, a blacksmith and later engineer who had moved from his native Wiltshire to Bristol during the agricultural depression of the 1860s and 1870s, and Eliza Jane Thatcher, daughter of a policeman. He was named after both his father and Prince Albert Victor , Queen Victoria 's eldest grandson, but he was known as \"A. V.\" from a young age. His parents had settled in Weston when they married, but the family moved to Bristol after Albert Alexander's death in August 1886. Alexander's mother worked as a corset-maker to provide for her children. [PAR] Alexander attended Barton Hill School from the age of three, at a cost of two pence per week. Against his mother's wishes, he chose not to continue to St. George's Higher Grade School in 1898, feeling the increased weekly charge of six pence was too expensive and that he would get nothing more from school. He began work aged thirteen, first for a leather merchant, and five months later as a junior clerk with the Bristol School Board. In 1903 he transferred to Somerset County Council's newly formed local education authority , where he worked in the School Management Department as a committee clerk. He was by this time a keen chorister and footballer, and a self-taught pianist. In later years, and until his death, Alexander was a vice-president of Chelsea F.C. \u2013 his role at the club was taken on by Richard Attenborough . [PAR] Raised an Anglican , Alexander converted to the Baptist movement in 1908 after he married Esther Ellen Chapple, a school teacher and Baptist. They were married on 6 June 1908. Their daughter, Beatrix, was born in 1909, and their son Ronald lived from 1911 to 1912. He joined the Weston Co-operative Society and became treasurer of the local Young Liberal Association in 1908, and the local Trades and Labour Council in 1909. He was elected to the board of the Weston Co-op Society in 1910. [PAR] He volunteered for service when the First World War began, but was not called-up until two years later. He joined the Artists Rifles , which principally served to train officers for assignment to other regiments. He trained in London and studied at Magdalen College , Oxford, before earning his commission in the Labour Corps in December 1917. His health suffered during training, and he never saw active service, instead working as a posting officer in Lancashire . In November 1918 he was promoted to captain , transferred to the General List ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ode on a Grecian Urn | Poetry | Scottish Poetry Library Ode on a Grecian Urn | Poetry | Scottish Poetry Library [PAR] Scottish Poetry Library [PAR] Ode on a Grecian Urn [PAR] Poem [PAR] Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time, Sylvan historian, who canst thus express A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme: What leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shape Of deities or mortals, or of both, In Tempe or the dales of Arcady? What men or gods are these? What maidens loth? What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy? Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on; Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd, Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone: Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare; Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss, Though winning near the goal\u2014yet, do not grieve; She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss, For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair! Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu; And, happy melodist, unweari\u00e8d, For ever piping songs for ever new; More happy love! more happy, happy love! For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd, For ever panting, and for ever young; All breathing human passion far above, That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd, A burning forehead, and a parching tongue. Who are these coming to the sacrifice? To what green altar, O mysterious priest, Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies, And all her silken flanks with garlands drest? What little town by river or sea-shore, Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel, Is emptied of its folk, this pious morn? And, little town, thy streets for evermore Will silent be; and not a soul, to tell Why thou art desolate, can e'er return. O Attic shape! fair attitude! with brede Of marble men and maidens overwrought, With forest branches and the trodden weed; Thou, silent form! dost tease us out of thought As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral! When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st, 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty,\u2014that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.' [PAR] John Keats [PAR] Poet [PAR] John Keats [PAR] John Keats was born in London, apprenticed to an apothecary-surgeon when he was 15, and licensed as an apothecary in 1816 but abandoned this profession for poetry. His first volume was published in 1817, attracting some good reviews but later Lockhart's attack on the 'Cockney school'. Endymion was published in 1818, the same year that Keats and his friend Charles Brown toured the Lakes, spent July and August in Scotland, and briefly visited Northern Ireland. After the death of his brother in December, Keats moved to Brown's house in Hampstead and there wrote a succession of brilliant poems including 'La Belle Dame sans Merci' and the Odes. He also met the love of his life, Fanny Brawne. His second volume, Lamia... and other poems, was published in 1820, and was generally well received. For the sake of his declining health he went to Rome with his friend Severn, but died there of tuberculosis aged 26. He is regarded as one of the great Romantic poets of the second generation, along with Shelley and Byron. T.S. Eliot described his letters as 'certainly the most notable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pandoras Box Greek Mythology - mlahanas.de Pandora [PAR] Pandora [PAR] The creation of Pandora; interior of a Cylix (470/ 460 B.C.) [PAR] In Greek mythology, Pandora (\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1)(\"all gifted\") was the first woman, fashioned by Zeus as part of the punishment of mankind for Prometheus ' theft of the secret of fire. [PAR] Hesiod , in his Works and Days, ca. 700 BC, has a very early version of the Pandora story. [ 1 ] [PAR] Creation of Pandora: Zeus, Hermes, Epimetheus and Pandora [PAR] The legend [PAR] The titan Epimetheus (\"hindsight\") was responsible for giving a positive trait to each and every animal. However, when it was time to give man a positive trait, there was nothing left. Prometheus (\"foresight\"), his brother, felt that because man was superior to all other animals, man should have a gift no other animal possessed. So Prometheus set forth to steal fire from Zeus and handed it over to man. [PAR] Zeus was enraged and decided to punish Prometheus and his creation: mankind. To punish Prometheus, Zeus chained him in unbreakable fetters and set an eagle over him to eat his liver each day, as the eagle is Zeus' sacred animal. Prometheus was an immortal, so the liver grew back every day, but he was still tormented daily from the pain, until he was freed by Heracles during The Twelve Labours. [PAR] To punish mankind, Zeus ordered the other gods to make Pandora as a poisoned gift for man. Pandora was given several traits from the different gods: Hephaestus molded her out of clay and gave her form; Athena clothed her and adorned her with necklaces made by Hephaestus as well as taught her manual dexterity and how to spin; Aphrodite gave her beauty; Apollo gave her musical talent and a gift for healing; Demeter taught her to tend a garden; Poseidon gave her a pearl necklace and the ability to never drown; Zeus made her idle, mischievous, and foolish; Hera gave her curiosity; Hermes, along with giving her cunning, boldness and charm, then gave Pandora a box. The name Pandora, thus, derives from the fact she's received gifts from all deities: \"all gifts\". [PAR] Pandora Vase [PAR] Before he was chained to the rock, Prometheus had warned Epimetheus not to take any gifts from the gods. Epimetheus did not listen to his brother, however, and when Pandora arrived, he fell in love with her. Hermes told him that Pandora was a gift to the titan from Zeus, and he warned Epimetheus to not open the box, which was Pandora's dowry. [PAR] Until then, mankind had lived a life in a paradise without worry. Epimetheus told Pandora never to open the box she had received from Zeus. However, one day, Pandora's curiosity got the better of her and she opened it, releasing all the misfortunes of mankind (plague, sorrow, poverty, crime, etc.). Once opened, she shut it in time to keep one thing in the box: hope 1. The world remained extremely bleak for an unspecified interval, until Pandora \"chanced\" to revisit the box again, at which point Hope fluttered out. Thus, mankind always has hope in times of evil, but Hope has a great deal of catching up to do. (See also Garden of Eden.) [PAR] The daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora was Pyrrha , who married Deucalion and was one of the two who survived the deluge. [PAR] Epimetheus and Pandora, El Greco [PAR] Commentary [PAR] The story of Pandora's Box can be interpreted in more than one way, but one obvious moral is that of \"curiosity killed the cat\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Lethologica? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK What is Lethologica? (with pictures) [PAR] What is Lethologica? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 19 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] 10 most extreme places on Earth [PAR] Lethologica is a condition in which someone cannot remember words, key phrases, and names. This results in an inability to express or articulate thoughts, which can be extremely frustrating for the patient. This condition is believed to be psychological in origin, although there is some evidence that there is a neurological component as well. There are no treatments, although some patients can develop coping skills which help them manage their memory loss. [PAR] The key feature of this condition is that it is temporary. The patient has not forgotten the information forever, experiencing instead momentary forgetting and confusion which make it hard to speak or convey key information. The duration of the temporary memory loss can vary, depending on the patient and the setting. Bouts of lethologica seem to be brought on by stress, including stress from being in a tense social situation, as well as intense physical exercise. [PAR] Some people may experience secondary symptoms in addition to lethologica. As they try to remember the thing that they cannot bring to mind, they may smack their lips or make other movements with the mouth. Likewise, some patients experience trouble swallowing. Different triggers can lead to a spell of forgetfulness, depending on the patient. [PAR] Ad [PAR] The temporal lobe is the area of the brain which appears to be involved in lethologica. Responding to stress is a psychological aspect; responding to exercise, however, is physiological, suggesting that multiple systems may be at play. Some patients also experience neurological impairment , as for example in the cranial nerves. [PAR] For many patients, forgetting words for a few moment is not a major concern, especially if friends and family are aware and they know to be patient while they wait. In other cases, patients may want to develop alternate communication systems so that they can express their thoughts even when they lack the specific words they need. Some people with conditions which may inhibit expression find it useful to carry cards which they can hand to people to quickly familiarize them with the issue. [PAR] Friends and family of someone with lethologica may want to ask about how she or he wants to be accommodated. Some people, for example, may be receptive if people attempt to fill in their sentences or find the word they are looking for. Other people may prefer to be allowed to find the word on their own, without assistance, and to be able to signal when they do want help. [PAR] Ad [PAR] anon996321 [PAR] Post 12 [PAR] I'm almost certain I have this, and I'm so glad I finally have something I can point to as the reason words pop out of my head so often! [PAR] The only additional thing for me is the inability to draw up the definition of the word. It becomes impossible for me to even describe the word I'm looking for, which means others who are trying to help often have an extremely difficult time doing so. [PAR] anon940661 [PAR] Post 11 [PAR] I never had a word for this until a friend posted it, along with its definition on facebook. I looked it up, and the description sounded exactly like what I experience when having a conversation. [PAR] It feels similar to tip-of-the-tongue in the sense that I know I know the word, but it's definitely not the tip-of-the-tongue, because unlike it,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts About Christmas - Funology Facts About Christmas [PAR] Funology Favorites [PAR] Facts About Christmas [PAR] \u201cSilent Night\u201d was first sung as part of a church service in Austria. A guitar was used because the church organ was so badly rusted it couldn\u2019t be played. [PAR] In Germany there are many different characters for Christmas. Nikolaus comes on December 5th and on December 24th when the actual opening of the gifts is happening ,they have been brought either by Knecht Ruprecht, Weihnachtsmann, or the Christkindl, (Christ child) wich is an angelic child dressed in a white and or golden dress much like a long nightgown. It has wings, and has usually a small horse or a donkey as a companion. [PAR] Submitted by: Sword [PAR] In Germany and some other western European countries, St. Nicholas , or Nikolaus comes on the night from the 5th to the 6th of Decemer, where children have their boots all shined and clean in front of a door or window. He will leave toys, nuts oranges, apples and chocolate for the good children. The bad child gets a branch to be used by the parents to punish the child. [PAR] Submitted by: Sword [PAR] Guatemalan adults do not exchange Christmas gifts until New Year\u2019s Day. Children get theirs (from the Christ Child) on Christmas morning. [PAR] In North America, children put stockings out at Christmas time. Their Dutch counterparts use shoes. [PAR] The poinsettia, a traditional Christmas flower, originally grew in Mexico, where it is also known as the \u2018Flower of the Holy Night\u2019. Joel Poinsett first brought it to America in 1829. [PAR] When visiting Finland, Santa leaves his sleigh behind and rides on a goat named Ukko. Finnish folklore has it that Ukko is made of straw, but is strong enough to carry Santa Claus anyway. [PAR] When distributing gifts in Holland, St. Nicholas is accompanied his servant, Black , who is responsible for actually dropping the presents down their recipients\u2019 chimneys. He also punishes bad children by putting them in a bag and carrying them away to Spain. [PAR] The day after Christmas, December 26, is known as Boxing Day. It is also the holy day of St. Stephen. [PAR] In Syria, Christmas gifts are distributed by one of the Wise Men\u2019s camels. The gift-giving camel is said to have been the smallest one in the Wise Men\u2019s caravan. [PAR] One town in Indiana is called Santa Claus. There is also a Santa, Idaho. [PAR] The popular Christmas song \u201cJingle Bells\u201d was actually written for Thanksgiving. The song was composed in 1857 by James Pierpont, and was originally called \u201cOne Horse Open Sleigh\u201d. [PAR] There are 364 gifts mentioned in \u201cThe Twelve Days of Christmas\u201d. [PAR] The Puritans forbade the singing of Christmas carols. [PAR] George Frederick Handel\u2019s great Christmas oratorio, \u201cThe Messiah\u201d, was first performed in 1742, in Dublin. [PAR] America\u2019s official national Christmas tree is located in King\u2019s Canyon National Park in California. The tree, a giant sequoia called the \u201cGeneral Grant Tree\u201d, is over 90 meters (300 feet) high, and was made the official Christmas tree in 1925. [PAR] The first Christmas was celebrated on December 25, AD 336 in Rome. [PAR] Artificial Christmas trees have outsold real ones since 1991. [PAR] St. Nicholas was bishop of the Turkish town of Myra in the early 4th century. The Dutch first made him into a Christmas gift-giver, and Dutch settlers brought him to America where his name eventually became the familiar Santa Claus. [PAR] In Armenia, the traditional Christmas Eve meal consists of fried fish, lettuce and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Durst | Define Durst at Dictionary.com Durst | Define Durst at Dictionary.com [PAR] durst [PAR] Archaic. simple past tense of dare . [PAR] dare [PAR] Spell [PAR] Syllables [PAR] verb (used without object), dared or (Archaic) durst; dared; daring; present singular 3rd person dares or dare. [PAR] 1. [PAR] to have the necessary courage or boldness for something; be bold enough: [PAR] You wouldn't dare! [PAR] verb (used with object), dared or (Archaic) durst; dared; daring; present singular 3rd person dares or dare. [PAR] 2. [PAR] to have the boldness to try; venture; hazard. [PAR] 3. [PAR] to meet defiantly; face courageously. [PAR] 4. [PAR] to challenge or provoke (a person) into a demonstration of courage; defy: [PAR] to dare a man to fight. [PAR] auxiliary verb [PAR] to have the necessary courage or boldness to (used chiefly in questions and negatives): [PAR] How dare you speak to me like that? He dare not mention the subject again. [PAR] noun [PAR] an act of daring or defiance; challenge. [PAR] Idioms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lincoln England - What To See In Lincoln - Britain Express Lincoln, England - what to see in Lincoln [PAR] ? [PAR] Lincoln Cathedral [PAR] The city of Lincoln is bypassed by most visitors to the UK, and that's a pity, because Lincoln has a colourful past that is preserved in a fascinating variety of historic buildings, particularly in the ancient medieval core. [PAR] The history of Lincoln begins at Brayford Pool , a natural harbour on the River Witham. There was an Iron-Age settlement here as early as 100BC, known as \"Lindun\", or \"The place by the pool\". [PAR] When the Romans invaded England they recognised the strategic importance of the place and established a garrison. They renamed the city \"Lindum\", and later \"Lindum Colonia\", from which derives our modern name of \"Lincoln\". [PAR] Lincoln was a \"colonia\", or major town, and around 300AD it became the capitol of the Roman province covering eastern England. [PAR] Lincoln Castle [PAR] When the Romans departed Lincoln was absorbed by the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Lindsey, and still later the Danes established the city as one of the 5 chief \"burghs\" of the Danelaw. [PAR] The Normans also acknowledged Lincoln's natural strategic position, and just 2 years after the Conquest, William the Conqueror began the building of Lincoln Castle atop the steep hill that is the core of the city. In 1072 the church followed suit and the magnificent structure of Lincoln Cathedral was begun. [PAR] The cathedral is the 3rd largest in Britain, with a vast nave supported by columns of limestone and marble. The stained glass windows set off a wonderful vaulted roof, and the interior is enhanced with intricate carvings in stone and wood. Look for the notorious \"Lincoln Imp\" carving in the Angel Choir - a stonemason's joke that has become the official city emblem. [PAR] Steep Hill, Lincoln [PAR] Lincoln Cathedral boasts an impressive central tower, the tallest in the country after Salisbury at 81 metres (approximately 250 feet). But this lofty finger of stone pales before the memory of the original tower, which rose twice as high before toppling in a storm in 1547. [PAR] Nestled beside the Cathedral are the ruins of the Bishop's Old Palace , reminders of a time when the Bishops of Lincoln were among the most powerful figures in the land. Former Bishops of Lincoln include Hugh of Avalon, later St. Hugh, whose tomb is in the cathedral, and Thomas Wolsey, who was Bishop here in 1514 before going on to become a cardinal and advisor to Henry VIII. [PAR] The medieval centre of Lincoln is blessed with an abundance of original 14th and 15th century buildings, as well as a large number of half-timbered Tudor houses. [PAR] High Bridge is the oldest bridge in England to have houses built upon it. The structure dates from the 12th century, and looks its age in the most complimentary fashion. [PAR] A relative parvenu compared to High Bridge is Stonebow, a wonderful Tudor Gothic bridge that once formed the city's southern gate. The city council still meets in chambers above the archway. [PAR] Lincoln Castle still functions as a court, dispensing justice as it has for over 900 years. Within its walls you can see one of the original copies of the Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215. [PAR] incoln has a wide variety of interesting museums, including the Usher Gallery , featuring original poems and memorabilia of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, a native of Lincolnshire. [PAR] A Heritage Trail links many of the historic attractions in the city centre, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dion Dublin (Soccer Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Dion Dublin (Soccer Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Show Less [PAR] In the 1993\u00e2\u0080\u009394 season, Dublin regained his fitness, but his first team chances were restricted by the excellent form of Eric Cantona. [PAR] In December 1993, Ferguson agreed a deal with Everton manager Howard Kendall, that would have seen Dublin moving to Goodison Park, but a member of Everton's board of directors, apparently feeling that Dublin was not worth the money Kendall had offered United, intervened to prevent the transfer going through \u00e2\u0080\u0093 this incident led directly to Kendall's resignation as Everton manager and Dublin ended up staying at Old Trafford until the end of the season. \u2026 Read More [PAR] He managed five league appearances that season, scoring once in a 3\u00e2\u0080\u00932 home win over Oldham Athletic in early April. He also managed a further goal in the Football League Cup second round first leg, as United were beaten 2\u00e2\u0080\u00931 by Stoke City at the Victoria Ground. The goal against Oldham was the only competitive goal that Dublin scored for United at Old Trafford. Read Less [PAR] 1994 - 1997 3 More Events [PAR] 1994 25 Years Old He was left out of the FA Cup winning team, and failed to make enough appearances to merit another Premier League title winners medal, and shortly after the start of the 1994\u00e2\u0080\u009395 season, he was sold to Coventry City for \u00c2\u00a32 million. \u2026 Read More [PAR] In four-and-a-half years with Coventry, Dublin established himself as one of the Premier League's top strikers and during the 1997\u00e2\u0080\u009398 season won the first of his four England full caps. That season, he equalled the Coventry City record for most goals in a top division season with 23 goals in all competitions. Read Less [PAR] 1995 26 Years Old Following Phil Neal's departure in 1995, the arrival of Ron Atkinson and Gordon Strachan would see Dublin fit into an attacking team in the typical Atkinson mould. \u2026 Read More [PAR] It included the likes of Noel Whelan, John Salako and Darren Huckerby to add to the already attack minded Peter Ndlovu. The addition of Gary McAllister, following Euro 96, should have provided mid table stability but the teams defensive frailties often undermined Dublin's scoring at the other end. This culminated in possibly one of the greatest escapes in Premiership history in May 1997. Sitting second from bottom, Coventry City needed favourable results elsewhere whilst needing an away win at White Hart Lane. This game followed on from an away win at Anfield (Dublin scoring in the dying seconds) and a home win against Chelsea. But at Tottenham Hotspur that afternoon, Dublin scored in the first half before Paul Williams netted to secure an unlikely 2\u00e2\u0080\u00931 win. The game reached a nerve-racking climax which included a memorable late save from City keeper Steve Ogrizovic. Read Less [PAR] 1997 28 Years Old \u2026 [PAR] The following season the Sky Blues improved at home and enjoyed a season of mid table security. Dublin formed an impressive partnership with Darren Huckerby which not only produced some memorable goals but also propelled the Sky Blues to the FA Cup Sixth Round against Sheffield United; a game they narrowly lost in a penalty shoot out. Read Less [PAR] The 1997\u00e2\u0080\u009398 season also saw Dublin share elite status as the Premier League's top scorer with Blackburn's Chris Sutton and Liverpool's Michael Owen \u00e2\u0080\u0093 each Englishman scoring 18 league goals. \u2026 Read More [PAR] During this season, Blackburn manager Roy Hodgson tabled a bid which Dublin rejected."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cold Comfort Farm : Stella Gibbons : 9780140274141 Cold Comfort Farm : Stella Gibbons : 9780140274141 [PAR] Cold Comfort Farm [PAR] Try AbeBooks [PAR] Description [PAR] This title is a classic of its kind, a dazzling parody of the earthy, melodramatic novels of the period. Flora Poste has been expensively educated to do everything but earn her own living. When she is orphaned at twenty, she decides her only option is to go and live with her relatives the Starkadders at Cold Comfort Farm. What relatives, though: Judith, alone in her grief; raving old Ada Doom, who once saw something nasty in the woodshed; Amos, called by God; Seth, smouldering with sex; and Elfine, who just needs a little polish. Flora feels it incumbent upon her to bring order into the chaos. And she turns out to be remarkably good at it. show more [PAR] Product details [PAR] 111.76 x 180.34 x 22.86mm | 68.04g [PAR] Publication date [PAR] Classics [PAR] Review quote [PAR] ? Quite simply one of the funniest satirical novels of the last century.? ?Nancy Pearl, NPR's \"Morning Edition\"? Delicious . . . \"Cold Comfort Farm\" has the sunniness of a P. G. Wodehouse and the comic aplomb of Evelyn Waugh's \"Scoop\".? ?\"The Independent\" (London) show more [PAR] About Stella Gibbons [PAR] Stella Gibbons was born in 1902. She studied journalism at University College, London, and then worked for ten years on various papers, including The Evening Standard. COLD COMFORT FARM, her first novel, was published in 1932, and was followed by other novels, short stories, and poems. She died in 1989. show more [PAR] Review Text [PAR] This book is marvellously funny. It has kept me going in the darkest hours. Orphaned Flora Poste is packed off to darkest Sussex, where she encounters the Starkadders - smouldering Seth, grieving Judith and Great-Aunt Ada Doom, who has never recovered from seeing 'something nasty in the woodshed'. It is a specific satire on a type of overblown rural-emotional novel, as seen in the works of Mary Webb and Hugh Walpole, which is out of fashion now. Yet somehow, in mocking the breast-heavings and emotional cataclysms of this genre, Stella Gibbons delicately deflates all overstatement in every age. The literary scene is still full of pretentious Mr Mybugs today; the only difference is that Seth would now be writing 'laddish' bestsellers and Starkadder would be thundering against sin and fornication in the Daily Mail. Reviewed by Libby Purves (Kirkus UK) show more [PAR] Follow us[DOC] [TLE] Cold Comfort Farm Characters - eNotes.com Cold Comfort Farm Characters - eNotes.com [PAR] Cold Comfort Farm Characters [PAR] link Link [PAR] Flora Poste [PAR] Flora Poste, a recently orphaned young woman, nineteen years old. She is left with an endowment of one hundred pounds a year. Because her expensive education has not prepared her to earn a living, she decides to leave London and stay with relatives until she finds someone she chooses to marry. She stays with the Starkadders, an aunt and various cousins who reside at Cold Comfort Farm in Howling, Sussex. Her relatives and the farmhands are a rude, filthy, and quarrelsome bunch; the farmhouse is deteriorating, and the livestock are neglected. Flora hears there is a mysterious curse on the farm that keeps the Starkadders in squalor and emotional turmoil, and she decides to tidy up her relatives\u2019 lives. With unfailing good manners, plentiful help from her London friends, hard work, and her book of common sense, Flora manages to achieve her goal and her heart\u2019s desire. [PAR] Ada Doom Starkadder [PAR] Ada Doom Starkadder, the sister"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tweed Shooting Breeks / Glennon Tweed Breeks -- Orvis Tweed Shooting Breeks / Glennon Tweed Breeks -- Orvis [PAR] 32 [PAR] 33 [PAR] For Patagonia sizing, please refer to the Patagonia Shoe Size Chart, available on every Patagonia shoe and boot page. [PAR] In all instances, hold tape firm and level, but not tight. [PAR] a. Head: Using a flexible/soft tape measure, start 1\" above the ear. Follow around head staying 1\" above the ear. This will give your most accurate reading. Then refer to the chart for size. [PAR] b. Neck Circumference: Wrap tape around to the base of your front neck and allow room for wearing comfort. OR measure the collar length of a favorite shirt. [PAR] c. Sleeve Length: From the center back of your neck with your arm slightly bent, follow the tape around to your wrist bone. [PAR] d. Chest: Wrap a tape measure evenly around the fullest part under your arms. [PAR] e. Waist: Wrap tape around your natural waistline, or where you actually wear your pants. [PAR] f. Seat/Hip: Standing with your feet together, measure around the fullest part of your hip (approx. 7-8\" below the waist). Don\u2019t forget to keep the tape level. [PAR] g. Inseam: Best taken from an existing pair of pants you like. Measure along the garment inseam from the crotch seam to the hem. [PAR] h. Glove Hand: Measure all the way around the flat part of your hand, excluding the thumb, and around the widest part at the knuckles. Use the chart above to convert this measurement in inches to your corresponding glove size. [PAR] We\u2019re sorry. This item is no longer available. [PAR] Name of recipient:[DOC] [TLE] Hunting & Shooting Etiquette: Field Dress Etiquette in ... Hunting & Shooting Etiquette: Field Dress Etiquette in England & Scotland, UK: Good Shot Design [PAR] Now for the tweed which is usually a camouflage color, hard wearing and relatively quick drying. [PAR] FOR MEN [PAR] Start with the basic. A shooting vest which is worn over a Tattersall check shirt (either cotton or brushed cotton in winter) with tie. Although this seems formal it does stop the rain dripping down your collar. The vest should have 4 buttons, pockets large enough to hold a box of cartridges and shooting patches (slight reinforcement on the shoulders for protection). It is also recommended in the colder months to wear a warm (such as merino wool) vest under the shirt. [PAR] Breeks are shooting trousers and fasten, preferably with Velcro (much easier than fiddling with a buckle) just below the knee. Traditionally they are made from tweed and often match the shooting vest, but it is quite acceptable to have a solid color in moleskin. It is acceptable to wear a belt with breeks but it must have a small, non-metallic flat buckle. [PAR] Knee high socks with garters are worn below the breeks and showing above the boots. Here it is possible to splash with color as they are usually not visible to the birds. [PAR] A warm field coat is a must, traditionally made of tweed with an interesting colored lining. They should be waterproofed and have a Gortex lining. They also should have large cartridge pockets with poppers to hold them open and lambswool lined warming pockets. [PAR] An optional choice is a shooting sports coat , designed to form a 3 piece suit with the shooting vest and breeks. This coat is generally not worn shooting but worn at lunch or the aftershoot cocktails. It is also acceptable to wear this jacket in non shooting situations."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teesside University - Inspiring success - Home Teesside University - Inspiring success - Home [PAR] Teesside University [PAR] At Teesside we put students at the heart of everything we do. Surely that's the point. [PAR] [PAR] Providing opportunities, driving enterprise, delivering excellence [PAR] Awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Excellence 2013 [PAR] 85 years of teaching excellence [PAR] Ranked in the top three globally for overall satisfaction with our learning experience [PAR] Over \u00a3270m invested in our vibrant Middlesbrough town-centre campus [PAR] One of the leading UK Universities for working with business [PAR] Our research is world-leading (Research Excellence Framework 2014) [PAR] How to find us [PAR] Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley, TS1 3BX [PAR] T: 01642 218121"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sweden v Portugal European Under-21 Championship final ... Sweden v Portugal European Under-21 Championship final: how the players rate | Football | The Guardian [PAR] European Under-21 Championship [PAR] Sweden v Portugal European Under-21 Championship final: how the players rate [PAR] Portugal\u2019s William Carvalho and Bernardo Silva have shone so far but John Guidetti has put indifferent club football times behind him to excel for Sweden [PAR] Portugal's William Carvalho has covered more ground than any other player in the 2015 European Under-21 Championship. Photograph: Christian Hofer/Getty Images [PAR] Monday 29 June 2015 10.03 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Monday 4 April 2016 08.47 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Portugal take on Sweden in the Under-21 European Championship final on Tuesday as favourites after their 5-0 humbling of Germany. However, Sweden were impressive too in their dismantling of Denmark in the semi-finals and will look to spring a surprise again. Here we rate the players in the two teams\u2019 probable starting line-ups. [PAR] Portugal [PAR] Jos\u00e9 S\u00e1, goalkeeper, Mar\u00edtimo: second choice at Mar\u00edtimo but has excelled here. Conceded only one goal in four matches and although he does have a strong defence in front of him, has pulled off some spectacular stops, too. A brilliant block to deny Germany\u2019s Amin Younes at 2-0 in the semi-final came seconds before Portugal added the game-killing third before half-time. Rating 7/10 [PAR] Ricardo Esgaio, right-back, Sporting: one of the batch of Sporting youngsters in the squad. Not as attacking as Guerreiro on the other flank but has been a solid performer and has played every minute of every game so far; one of five Portuguese players to do so. Rating 7/10 [PAR] Paulo Oliveira, centre-back, Sporting: rangy and quietly effective central defender who has marshalled the back line to great effect after forcing his way into the Sporting side last season, where he has a \u20ac45m buyout clause. A threat at set pieces. Rating 7/10 [PAR] Tiago Ilori, centre-back, Liverpool: the Hampstead-born centre-back spent last season on loan at Bordeaux, where he played alongside the Sweden striker Isaac Kiese Thelin. A thigh injury has hindered his tournament but he should be fit for the final. Has set his sights on pushing for a first-team place at Liverpool next season and is still eligible to play for either Portugal, England or Nigeria. Rating 7/10 [PAR] Rapha\u00ebl Guerreiro, left-back, Lorient: tremendously quick and the chief provider of width on the left flank, with S\u00e9rgio Oliveira tending to play very centrally. His substitution with just under half an hour to go against Germany in the showed just how important he is to this side. Will presumably not be a Lorient player by the time next season starts. Rating 8/10 [PAR] William Carvalho, defensive midfield, Sporting: a colossus at the base of midfield and, along with Bernardo Silva, the star of the tournament. Physically imposing but has an easy, laconic style that belies the fact that he covered more ground than any other player in the group stages. Rating 9/10 [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Portugal\u2019s Bernardo Silva has picked up two man-of-the-match awards at the European Under-21 Championship. Photograph: Lee Smith/Reuters [PAR] Jo\u00e3o M\u00e1rio, right-midfield, Sporting: pacy, tricky and, like his captain, Oliveira, his importance to the side has been somewhat overlooked such is the shadow cast by the players at the two ends of the midfield diamond. Popped up with the winner against England and added another against Germany. Will be a mainstay of the Sporting side next season. Rating 8/10 [PAR] S\u00e9rgio Oliveira, left-midfield, Porto: captain of the side and a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] INTERSTING FACTS - Google+ INTERSTING FACTS - Google+ [PAR] INTERSTING FACTS [PAR] Posted by muhammad ahsan at 19:13 No comments: [PAR] Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to Facebook [PAR] most intersting and amazing [PAR] Posted by muhammad ahsan at 19:07 No comments: [PAR] Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to Facebook [PAR] Interesting Facts [PAR] For Your Warehouse of Useless Knowledge [PAR] 1,525,000,000 miles of telephone wire a strung across the U.S. [PAR] 101 Dalmatians and Peter Pan (Wendy) are the only two Disney cartoon features with both parents that are present and don't die throughout the movie. [PAR] 111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321 [PAR] 12 newborns will be given to the wrong parents daily. [PAR] 123,000,000 cars are being driven down the U.S's highways. [PAR] 160 cars can drive side by side on the Monumental Axis in Brazil, the world's widest road. [PAR] 166,875,000,000 pieces of mail are delivered each year in the U.S. [PAR] 27% of U.S. male college students believe life is \"A meaningless existential hell.\" [PAR] 315 entries in Webster's Dictionary will be misspelled. [PAR] 5% of Canadians don't know the first 7 words of the Canadian anthem, but know the first 9 of the American anthem. [PAR] 56,000,000 people go to Major League baseball each year. [PAR] 7% of Americans don't know the first 9 words of the American anthem, but know the first 7 of the Canadian anthem. [PAR] 85,000,000 tons of paper are used each year in the U.S. [PAR] 99% of the solar systems mass is concentrated in the sun. [PAR] A 10-gallon hat barely holds 6 pints. [PAR] A cat has 32 muscles in each ear. [PAR] A cockroach can live several weeks with its head cut off. [PAR] A company in Taiwan makes dinnerware out of wheat, so you can eat your plate. [PAR] A cow produces 200 times more gas a day than a person. [PAR] A dime has 118 ridges around the edge. [PAR] A dragonfly has a lifespan of 24 hours. [PAR] A fully loaded supertanker travelling at normal speed takes a least twenty minutes to stop. [PAR] A giraffe can clean its ears with its 21-inch tongue. [PAR] A giraffe can go without water longer than a camel can. [PAR] A goldfish has a memory span of three seconds. [PAR] A hard working adult sweats up to 4 gallons per day. Most of the sweat evaporates before a person realizes it's there. [PAR] A hedgehog's heart beats 300 times a minute on average. [PAR] A hippo can open its mouth wide enough to fit a 4 foot tall child inside. [PAR] A hummingbird weighs less than a penny. [PAR] A jellyfish is 95 percent water. [PAR] A \"jiffy\" is an actual unit of time for 1/100th of a second. [PAR] A jumbo jet uses 4,000 gallons of fuel to take off. [PAR] A male emperor moth can smell a female emperor moth up to 7 miles away. [PAR] A man named Charles Osborne had the hiccups for 6 years. Wow. [PAR] A mole can dig a tunnel 300 feet long in just one night. [PAR] A monkey was once tried and convicted for smoking a cigarette in South Bend, Indiana. [PAR] A pig's orgasm lasts for 30 minutes. [PAR] A pregnant goldfish is called a twit. [PAR] A Saudi Arabian woman can get a divorce if her husband doesn't give her coffee. [PAR] A shark is the only fish that can blink with both eyes. [PAR] A quarter has 119 grooves on its edge, a dime has one less groove. [PAR] A shark can detect one part"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ford Anglia is First Produced | World History Project Ford Anglia is First Produced | World History Project [PAR] 1939 [PAR] Ford Anglia is First Produced [PAR] The Ford Anglia was a British car from Ford in the UK. It was related to the Ford Prefect and the later Ford Popular. [PAR] The Ford Anglia name was applied to four models of car between 1939 and 1967. [PAR] 1,594,486 Anglias were produced, before it was replaced by the new Ford Escort. [PAR] The patriotically named first Ford Anglia, launched soon after Britain declared war on Germany in early September 1939,[3] and given the internal Ford model code of E04A, was a facelifted version of the Ford 7Y, a simple vehicle aimed at the cheap end of the market, with few features. Most were painted Ford black. Styling was typically late-1930s, with an upright radiator. There were standard and de-luxe models, the latter having better instrumentation and, on pre war models, running boards. Both front and rear suspensions used transverse leaf springs and the brakes were mechanical. [PAR] A bulge at the back enabled a spare wheel to be removed from its vertical outside stowage on the back of the car and stowed flat on the boot floor and usefully increased luggage space, although some back seat leg room was sacrificed to the luggage space, being reduced from 43\u00be inches in the Ford 7Y to 38\u00bd inches in the Anglia.[3] [PAR] The domestic market engine was the 933cc straight-4 side-valve engine familiar to drivers of predecessor models since 1933.[3] The 1172 cc straight-4 engine from the Ford Ten was fitted for some export markets, including North America where imports began for model year 1948; these cars used the slightly more aerodynamic \"three-hole\" grille from the 1937-8 Ford Ten 7W, prefacing the 1949 E494A facelift. They also had sealed beam headlights and small, separate parking lights mounted underneath as well as dual tail lights, into which flashing turn signals could be added without adding additional lights. [PAR] The car retained a vacuum-powered wiper with its tendency to slow down or stop above about 40 mph (64 km/h), the point at which the suction effect from the induction manifold disappeared: however, the Anglia's wipers were supported by a vacuum reservoir which partially addressed the propensity to stop entirely when the car was accelerated.[3] [PAR] A contemporary road test commended the Anglia's ability to pull away from 5 or 6 mph (8 or 10 km/h) in top gear.[3] Compulsory driving tests had only recently been introduced in the UK: most potential buyers would approach the vehicle without the benefit of formal driving tuition. The cars did have synchromesh between second and top gears, but not between first and second,[3] so that many would have sought, wherever possible, to avoid en route changes down to first. [PAR] The 2-door Anglia is similar to the 4-door E93A Ford Prefect. [PAR] Production, hindered by the closure of Ford's factory during the Second World War, ceased in 1948 after a total of 55,807 had been built. Initial sales in England actually began in early 1940. Production was suspended in early 1942, and resumed in mid 1945. In Australia, the E04A was built from 1940\u20131945, and again from 1946-1948.[DOC] [TLE] Ford Anglia : Just the right small car for ... - y2u.co.uk Ford Anglia : Just the right small car for nearly everyone : Classic Car : Video : Picture Gallery : Information : Specs [PAR] Have your say [PAR] The patriotically named first Ford Anglia, launched soon after Britain declared war on Germany in early September"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Much Is Mary Douglas Perkins Worth - Mary Douglas ... How Much Is Mary Douglas Perkins Worth - Mary Douglas Perkins Net Worth [PAR] How Much Is Mary Douglas Perkins Worth [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Mary Douglas Perkins [PAR] Mary Douglas Perkins Net Worth is .. Dame Mary Lesley Perkins, DBE (born 14 February 1944) is co-founder and a senior executive of Specsavers, a leading bricks and mortar United Kingdom eyeglass company. [PAR] The wife of Specsavers co-founder and chairman Doug Perkins, Dame Mary ha... [PAR] Mary Douglas Perkins Net Worth is . [PAR] Mary Douglas Perkins Net Worth is . Dame Mary Lesley Perkins, DBE is co-founder and a senior executive of Specsavers, a leading bricks and mortar United Kingdom eyeglass company. [PAR] The wife of Specsavers co-founder and chairman Doug Perkins, Dame Mary has three children, all of whom work for Specsavers and are eventually expected to take over the privately owned company. [PAR] She attended Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol. She then went to Cardiff University to train as an optometrist. At Cardiff, she met Doug Perkins, whom she would later marry. The couple established their first business in Bristol in the 1960s. This was a chain of opticians around Bristol, which they sold for A?2 million in 1980, and continue to receive income from. After the sale the couple moved to Guernsey, where Mary's father had retired. [PAR] Mary and Doug Perkins established Specsavers in Guernsey in 1984. In 2007 it was the largest privately owned opticians in the world, with nearly 900 stores across the UK and Eu..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John McEnroe - Tennis Database Wiki - Wikia John McEnroe | Tennis Database Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] In addition to John McEnroe's skill on the tennis court and championship career, he is best known for his aggressive and intense playing style as well as his rivalry with Swedish tennis player Bjorn Borg. \"If you play John, you must play your best. He doesn't have any weaknesses,\" said Borg of McEnroe in the Lincoln Library of Sports Champions. In the 1980 Wimbledon final, which Mike Lupica of Esquire called the most famous match ever, Borg found out just how tenacious the talented and controversial southpaw from Queens, New York, really was. Unfortunately, mention of McEnroe is just as likely to call to mind images of abused racquets and berated linesmen as it is the devastating serves and volleys that led to 17 Grand Slam titles. [PAR] Personal Life [PAR] Edit [PAR] John Patrick McEnroe was born on February 16, 1959, in Wiesbaden, Germany, where his father, John McEnroe, Sr., was serving in the United States Air Force and his mother, Kay McEnroe, was a surgical nurse. He was the oldest of three sons. In 1963, his family moved to Douglaston, Queens, New York, where he was raised. At an early age, he exhibited unusually developed eye-hand coordination and athletic ability. According to his father, when John, Jr. was only two years of age, he could strike a ball with a plastic bat, and at age four he could hit it a considerable distance. [PAR] While McEnroe exhibited qualities of a tennis prodigy, he enthusiastically played many other sports. However, it soon became obvious that he possessed a great deal of natural ability on the tennis court. Oddly, although he won several Junior tournaments, and moved steadily upward in rank, he was never rated number one on the National Junior circuit. In 1970, McEnroe was placed under the tutelage of Tony Palafox, a former Davis Cup player for Mexico and Harry \"Hop\" Hopman, a former Australian Davis Cup coach, at the Port Washington (Long Island) Tennis Academy. [PAR] McEnroe attended Trinity School, a prestigious and expensive Ivy League preparatory school in Manhattan, where he was known to be funny, witty, and rowdy. He did above average scholastically\u2014although by his own admission, he could have done better if it weren't for his many sports activities: four years of soccer and tennis; two years of basketball. At the age of 16, McEnroe received a six-month suspension from the Port Washington Tennis Academy for an adolescent prank. As a result, his parents switched the young talent to the Cove Racquet Club, where Palafox had also moved. [PAR] Career [PAR] Edit [PAR] A pivotal series of events in McEnroe's career took place in 1977, after he graduated from high school. He was given the opportunity to play in Europe, where he won the French Juniors Tournament. Aiming for the Junior's title at Wimbledon, he had to pull out of the event when he qualified for the men's competition. Not only did he qualify for this important tournament, but he advanced to the semi-finals, where he was beaten by the more experienced Jimmy Connors, who won in four sets. At that time, McEnroe became the youngest man ever to reach the Wimbledon semi-finals. He also solidified his reputation as one of tennis' \"bad boys\" along with Jimmy Connors and Ilie Nastase. His disturbing and emotional outbursts were directed at linesman, opponents, and himself. Pete Axthelm from Newsweek noted later, \"He is a young man who raised perfectly placed strokes to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is Modern Babylon? Who is Modern Babylon? [PAR] Who is Modern Babylon? [PAR] - Appendix 1 - [PAR] Ancient and Modern Babylon [PAR] The Bible goes to great lengths to clearly tell us about two different (but similar), literal Babylons: ancient, historical Babylon and modern, prophesied Babylon the Great. There are more verses of Scripture (over 250) that speak of the two Babylons than of any other city or nation on Earth, except for Jerusalem and Israel. Entire chapters of the Bible devoted to Babylon include: Isaiah 13, 14, 47; Jeremiah 50, 51; and Revelation 17 and 18. Each Babylon is not only identified by a \u201cgreat city,\u201d but by the land, nation or empire in which its great city is located (cf. Jeremiah 50:8, 12, 28); by other nations or territories it dominates politically, economically, militarily, and religiously; and by its treachery against Israel. Two entire chapters plus other passages of the book of Revelation are devoted to modern Babylon. The great exultation of the redeemed of the Lord before He returns to establish His kingdom on Earth is because of the final (second) destruction of modern Babylon (Revelation 18:21-19:2). So, modern Babylon will be the most important city-state/nation/empire on Earth, other than Israel, during the seven-year period of tribulation and the Wrath of Yahuah (\"God\") foretold in the Revelation. If you are interested in really understanding the events, players, and plot of the book of Revelation, realize that a main key to unlocking that understanding is knowing the identity, activities, and destiny of modern, prophesied Babylon. So, brace yourself, put on your face-up-to-reality hat and let us first take a look at ancient, historical Babylon to see what clues about modern Babylon we can gather. [PAR] Ancient Babylon [PAR] Actually, there were three ancient Babylons: Babylon the religious center of the Akkadian Empire, Babylon the capital of the first Babylonian Empire, and Babylon the capital of the neo-Babylonian Empire. Aspects of all three ancient Babylons are reflected in Bible prophecies concerning modern Babylon. [PAR] The Bible tells us that, after the Great Flood, Noah's great-grandson Nimrod founded the world's first multi-national, multi-ethnic and multi-cultural empire (cf. Genesis 10:10-12). Coincidentally, thousands of cuneiform (clay) tablets from that same time period (about 2300 BCE) tell us that, in the same location (the \"land of Shinar\" - Mesopotamia) the Akkadian Empire, which most secular historians acknowledge as the world's first Empire, was founded by Sargon. Close examination of Biblical, Akkadian and Summerian records reveal that Nimrod and Sargon are the same person. Nimrod was his given name and Sargon (which means \"True King\" or \"Legitimate King\") in Akkadian was his royal title. According to both the Biblical (Genesis 10:10) and secular records the Kingdom of Akkadia included the religious center that was later named Babylon and the cities of Erich (Uruk) and Accad (Akkad). Also, according to both records, this king invaded and conquered what was then the relatively small, insignificant kingdom of Assyria, built several cities there including Nineveh and Calah, and incorporated it into his growing empire. Thirdly, both the Bible and Akkadian records call this king a \"mighty hunter\" (Genesis 10:9). All Akkadian kings were celebrated as mighty hunters and warriors and were worshiped as deified humans. [PAR] To establish himself as a god in the public's perception, Sargon ceremonially married the principal deity of the Summerians and Akkadians, the \"Queen of Heaven\" Innana (later named Ishtar in Babylon). Scripture states that Nimrod \"began to be a mighty one on the earth\" (Genesis 10:8), which may indicate that he was not only the first empire-building"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Across the River and Into the Trees: Amazon.com: Books Across the River and Into the Trees: Ernest Hemingway, Boyd Gaines: 9780743566032: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Excerpt. \u00a9 Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved. [PAR] Chapter One [PAR] They started two hours before daylight, and at first, it was not necessary to break the ice across the canal as other boats had gone on ahead. In each boat, in the darkness, so you could not see, but only hear him, the poler stood in the stern, with his long oar. The shooter sat on a shooting stool fastened to the top of a box that contained his lunch and shells, and the shooter's two, or more, guns were propped against the load of wooden decoys. Somewhere, in each boat, there was a sack with one or two live mallard hens, or a hen and a drake, and in each boat there was a dog who shifted and shivered uneasily at the sound of the wings of the ducks that passed overhead in the darkness. [PAR] Four of the boats went on up the main canal toward the big lagoon to the north. A fifth boat had already turned off into a side canal. Now, the sixth boat turned south into a shallow lagoon, and there was no broken water. [PAR] It was all ice, new-frozen during the sudden, windless cold of the night. It was rubbery and bending against the thrust of the boatman's oar. Then it would break as sharply as a pane of glass, but the boat made little forward progress. [PAR] \"Give me an oar,\" the shooter in the sixth boat said. He stood up and braced himself carefully. He could hear the ducks passing in the darkness, and feel the restless lurching of the dog. To the north he heard the sound of breaking ice from the other boats. [PAR] \"Be careful,\" the poler in the stern said. \"Don't tip the boat over.\" [PAR] \"I am a boatman, too,\" the shooter said. [PAR] He took the long oar the boatman handed him and reversed it so he could hold it by the blade. Holding the blade he reached forward and punched the handle through the ice. He felt the firm bottom of the shallow lagoon, put his weight on the top of the wide oar-blade, and holding with both hands and, first pulling, then shoving, until the pole-hold was well to the stern, he drove the boat ahead to break the ice. The ice broke like sheets of plate glass as the boat drove into it, and onto it, and astern the boatman shoved them ahead into the broken passage. [PAR] After a while, the shooter, who was working hard and steadily and sweating in his heavy clothes, asked the boatman, \"Where is the shooting barrel?\" [PAR] \"Off there to the left. In the middle of the next bay.\" [PAR] \"Should I turn for it now?\" [PAR] \"As you wish.\" [PAR] \"What do you mean, as I wish? You know the water. Is there water to carry us there?\" [PAR] \"The tide is low. Who knows?\" [PAR] \"It will be daylight before we get there if we don't hurry.\" [PAR] The boatman did not answer. [PAR] All right, you surly jerk, the shooter thought to himself. We are going to get there. We've made two-thirds of the way now and if you are worried about having to work to break ice to pick up birds, that is altogether too bad. [PAR] \"Get your back in it, jerk,\" he said in English. [PAR] \"What?\" the boatman asked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Waylon Jennings - Dukes Of Hazzard \"Good Ol' Boys\" Theme ... Waylon Jennings - Dukes Of Hazzard \"Good Ol' Boys\" Theme Song - YouTube [PAR] Waylon Jennings - Dukes Of Hazzard \"Good Ol' Boys\" Theme Song [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 7, 2011 [PAR] Dukes Of Hazzard \"Good Ol' Boys\" - Waylon Jennings [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Gallen Airport Arrivals and Departures | Flight ... St. Gallen Airport Arrivals and Departures | Flight Information [PAR] St. Gallen [PAR] St. Gallen Airport [PAR] St. Gallen-Airport is one of the smaller airports in Switzerland. It is an international airport with more than 0.1m passengers per year (incoming, outgoing and transit). The runways are located 16 hours away from Atlanta, GA and from here the shortest possible connection is a 2 Stop Over flight. This is a Long Distance flight as defined by the European Union. [PAR] From the city center of St. Gallen to the terminals you will need approx. 27 minutes by car, as the distance is about 18 miles. To have a look at the St. Gallen-Airport Flight Information please check the \"Arrivals & Departures\" section. And if you plan to visit Switzerland please keep in mind that the official currency is \"Swiss Franc\". Just use the currency converter in the field \"Money\". [PAR] Airport [PAR] Passengers per Year 115,710 (2012) [PAR] ACH [PAR] If the button \"Arrivals\" is not working please [PAR] click on the following link: [PAR] If the button \"Departures\" is not working please [PAR] click on the following link:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roman Gladius and Scutum: Carving out an Empire | HistoryNet 8/13/2010 \u2022 Gear , MH Tools [PAR] The heavy scutum enabled a legionary to fend off and then bring his gladius to bear. (Illustration by Gregory Proch) [PAR] At the height of Rome\u2019s conquests, the Roman foot soldier dominated the battlefield with disciplined coordination of the weapons in his arsenal\u2014first by hurling his thin, iron-tipped pilum (javelin) at the enemy and then deciding the issue at close quarters using gladius (sword) and scutum (shield). [PAR] The gladius was a cut-and-thrust weapon, with a double-edged, pointed steel blade about 2 feet long. The scutum, originally elliptical, had assumed a rectangular shape by the early days of the empire. An imperial scutum comprised strips of bentwood, steamed over a form into a convex curve to deflect blows and missiles. The face was covered in hide, its edges bound in rawhide or iron, with a round central boss of bronze, brass or iron. A surviving example found in Syria was 43 inches high and 34 inches wide with a 26-inch gap behind its face. [PAR] In close combat, the Roman legionary used his scutum to batter an enemy or deflect blows while seeking an opening to stab his opponent in the torso with gladius or pugio (dagger). Confident in their combined arms, legionaries scoffed at enemy swordsmen who tried to hack their way through a Roman square, waiting until exhaustion rendered their foes ripe for a killing blow. However, scuta offered limited protection from powerful composite bows, such as those used by the Parthians and Huns. [PAR] By the early 3rd century, the Romans had replaced the gladius with the 3-foot-long spatha, a design evolution that would lead to the medieval broadsword. And by the late 3rd century, the scutum had reverted to elliptical or circular form. By that time the empire was in decline, and a new era of warfare was in the offing.[DOC] [TLE] 3 Kinds of Ancient Roman Shields | Made From History 3 Kinds of Ancient Roman Shields | Made From History [PAR] 3 Kinds of Ancient Roman Shields [PAR] By Graham Land Classical Antiquity , Greeks / Last Updated: March 27, 2015 [PAR] The use of shields in battle originates in pre-history and is present in the earliest known human civilisations. A logical evolution in armed combat, shields were used to block attacks from hand-held weapons like swords as well as projectile weapons such as arrows. Early shields were typically constructed of wood and animal hide and later reinforced with metal. [PAR] Shields of Ancient Rome [PAR] Roman soldiers or legionaires were well protected by leather and iron armour, helmets and shields, called scuta. The shapes and styles of Roman shields differed according to use and timeframe. Many shields were based on Greek aspis or hoplon, which were round and deeply concave like a dish. [PAR] Aspides were wooden and sometimes plated with bronze. Some Roman shields were strengthened by plating their edges with a copper alloy, though this was eventually abandoned in favour of using stitched rawhide, which bound the shields more effectively. [PAR] Umbo from Roman shield. Credit: MatthiasKabel (Wikimedia Commons) [PAR] Roman shields also featured a boss or umbo, a thick, round, wooden or metal protrusion that deflected blows and served as a place to mount the grip. [PAR] 1. Legionaire Scutum [PAR] The most famous of the Roman shields, great scuta were large and either rectangular or oval. Early oval scuta evolved into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical versions, which were used by the foot soldiers of the early Empire to great effect. Their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Penectomy Medical Definition | Merriam-Webster Medical ... Penectomy Medical Definition | Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary [PAR] : surgical removal of the penis [PAR] Seen and Heard [PAR] What made you want to look up penectomy? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).[DOC] [TLE] Total Penectomy in India - Medical Tourism India Affordable Total Penectomy Surgery for carcinoma of penis in India| Penis Amputation [PAR] Total Penectomy in India [PAR] Total Penectomy in India [PAR] Penectomy refers to removal of pennies for personal or medical purpose. Total Penectomy is done mostly in the case of penile cancer. It is the most scientific and effective treatment to penile cancer. Partial Penectomy involves removal of the tip of the penis. In this scenario, sexual intercourse is possible. If required total Penectomy is done, this is a surgical way to remove all parts of the penis. There are two types of Penectomy: [PAR] Partial Penectomy: Parts of the penis is removed [PAR] Radical Penectomy: The total penis gets removed [PAR] Why is Total Penectomy done? [PAR] Total Penectomy is mainly done for medical purposes. Severe cancer requires removal of the penis, which is called Total Penectomy. At times, depending of the seriousness of the diseases only the skin of the penile is removed. On the other hand Total Penectomy is done as body modification as well. In case of accidents, Total Penectomy is also performed. Like, if there are damages occurred in the area around the penis then doctors prescribe a Total Penectomy. [PAR] How is Total Penectomy done ? [PAR] Based on the severity of cancer the groin and lymph node is removed. First an opening is made in between scrotum and anus. Then under special supervision of specialist doctors the penis and its parts are removed. After the surgery the patient has control over his bladder. [PAR] Effects of Total Penectomy [PAR] There are few psychological problems related to Total Penectomy. The patient is prescribed to visit a psychiatrist after the operation. Elastrator Bands is prescribed to avoid loss of blood. A new opening for urine is made post surgery in between the roots of the penis and anus. Plastic surgery is also done after the operation, to retain the normal functionality. [PAR] Total Penectomy [PAR] The Urology Department is one of a kind. You will get specialized doctors and non medical staffs, who are extremely efficiently. Total Penectomy can be done in at the Urology department. There are packages offered on this treatment. Low cost treatment is available as well. [PAR] [PAR] For more information on Urology Treatment in India, visit medicalindiatourism.com [PAR] Send Enquiry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Offering the Presidency of Israel to Albert Einstein ... Offering the Presidency of Israel to Albert Einstein | Jewish Virtual Library [PAR] Offering the Presidency of Israel to Albert Einstein [PAR] (November 17, 1952) [PAR] Letter Offering Albert Einstein the Presidency of Israel: [PAR] Embassy of Israel [PAR] Dear Professor [Albert] Einstein : [PAR] The bearer of this letter is Mr. David Goitein of Jerusalem who is now serving as Minister at our Embassy in Washington. He is bringing you the question which Prime Minister Ben Gurion asked me to convey to you, namely, whether you would accept the Presidency of Israel if it were offered you by a vote of the Knesset. Acceptance would entail moving to Israel and taking its citizenship. The Prime Minister assures me that in such circumstances complete facility and freedom to pursue your great scientific work would be afforded by a government and people who are fully conscious of the supreme significance of your labors. [PAR] Mr. Goitein will be able to give you any information that you may desire on the implications of the Prime Minister's question. [PAR] Whatever your inclination or decision may be, I should be deeply grateful for an opportunity to speak with you again within the next day or two at any place convenient for you. I understand the anxieties and doubts which you expressed to me this evening. On the other hand, whatever your answer, I am anxious for you to feel that the Prime Minister's question embodies the deepest respect which the Jewish people can repose in any of its sons. To this element of personal regard, we add the sentiment that Israel is a small State in its physical dimensions, but can rise to the level of greatness in the measure that it exemplifies the most elevated spiritual and intellectual traditions which the Jewish people has established through its best minds and hearts both in antiquity and in modern times. Our first President, as you know, taught us to see our destiny in these great perspectives, as you yourself have often exhorted us to do. [PAR] Therefore, whatever your response to this question, I hope that you will think generously of those who have asked it, and will commend the high purposes and motives which prompted them to think of you at this solemn hour in our people's history. [PAR] With cordial wishes,[DOC] [TLE] Einstein on Palestine and Israel: the Prophet of Peace Einstein on Palestine and Israel: the Prophet of Peace [PAR] The HyperTexts [PAR] Einstein on Palestine and Israel: the Prophet of Peace [PAR] Albert Einstein was more than a scientist: he was also a philosopher, humanitarian and peace activist. I also find it interesting that his last name rhymes with \"Palestine.\" What did Albert Einstein have to say about Palestine, Zionism and the modern state of Israel? Was he a Zionist, and if so, in what way? If he could speak to us today, what would he say? Fortunately, his words are still with us, so we can consult them. [Anyone who doubts anything said on this page can easily scan the Hebrew University's online archive of Einstein's collected writings by doing a Google search for \"Einstein Archives Online.\"] [PAR] compiled by Michael R. Burch , an editor of Holocaust and Nakba poetry [PAR] \"... the strength of our whole movement [Zionism] rests in its moral justification, with which it must stand or fall.\" \u2015 Albert Einstein [PAR] If you are unfamiliar with the real history of the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, or have been told that Israel is \"only defending itself,\" please"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wales In The English Premier League: A ... - Pitch Invasion Wales In The English Premier League: A Potted History Of A Cross-Border Anomaly - Pitch Invasion [PAR] Wales In The English Premier League: A Potted History Of A Cross-Border Anomaly [PAR] May 31, 2011 [PAR] Swansea City will become the first Welsh team to play in the English Premier League in the 2011-2012 season, following their victory in the Championship play-off final on Monday. As I write, thousands are out on the streets of Swansea celebrating as the team bus drives through the southern Welsh city. [PAR] While to fans of MLS it may seem normal for a league to span two countries, the existence of Swansea in the Premier League, Cardiff City in the Football League and Newport County, Wrexham, Merthyr Town and Colwyn Bay further down in the English system remains a subject of some controversy to UEFA and within Welsh and English football. A potted history of Welsh football is in order to explain this anomaly. [PAR] The Welsh national association is one of the oldest in the world, founded in 1876, 13 years after the English FA and three years after the Scottish FA. Its original hotspot was in North Wales, mainly around Wrexham, where the sport had crossed the border from Cheshire in England. In south Wales though, rather than Association Football taking hold, it was Rugby Football that became the most popular organised game in the country in the late nineteenth century. [PAR] This distinction can be seen in the contrast between the country\u2019s biggest professional clubs \u2013 Wrexham in the north date back to 1872, while in the south of the country Cardiff were founded in 1899 and Swansea in 1913. This delayed national development provided an immediate impediment to a strong Welsh league developing in the crucial early decades of organised football in Great Britain, and was unlike the story in Scotland, to contrast to another English neighbour. Challenging issues of north-south transit in Wales also proved to be a challenge to national play in the country. [PAR] Welsh participation in the English league system thus dates back to the country\u2019s oldest club, Wrexham. Located close to the border with England adjacent to the Northwest hub of English football, it actually proved to be more profitable for the club to play in the English Combination minor league that ran from 1890 to 1911 than in the nascent Welsh League, with the inferior competition in Wales dettering spectators and players alike (Wrexham briefly played in the Welsh league from 1894-1896, easily winning it both seasons they participated in). Wrexham eventually rose up the English system to the Football League, and the newer professional Welsh clubs such as Swansea and Cardiff followed them across the border in the early twentieth century. [PAR] Cardiff had the strongest run of success in English competition in the twentieth century, winning the FA Cup in 1927, three years after finishing as runners-up in the Football League\u2019s top division. Swansea themselves rose to the top flight in 1981 after three successive promotions from the basement division under John Toshack. They finished in sixth place in the 1981-82 season, but just as quickly fell back to the bottom tier by 1986, thankfully the Betfred promo code wasn\u2019t around or a lot of people might have lost out a lot of money on the game. [PAR] Meantime, the Welsh teams playing in the English league system were still allowed to compete in the Welsh Cup, of course dominating it. This provided Welsh clubs with a route to European"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter Pan Summary & Study Guide - BookRags.com Peter Pan Summary & Study Guide [PAR] Peter Pan Summary & Study Guide [PAR] This section contains 1,575 words [PAR] (approx. 4 pages at 400 words per page) [PAR] View a FREE sample [PAR] Act I [PAR] Peter Pan opens in the nursery of the Darling family household in Bloomsbury, London. The family is somewhat impoverished, employing Nana, a Newfoundland dog, as the three children's nurse. When the play's action begins, Nana is putting the youngest Darling child, Michael, to bed, while Mrs. Darling prepares to go out for dinner with her husband. Wendy and John, the eldest and middle, respectively, play at being their parents for her. While Nana sees to the children. Mrs. Darling confides to her husband that she saw the face of a little boy at the window trying to get in and that she has seen it before. She almost caught him once but only managed to snare his shadow, which she has kept rolled up in a drawer. Mrs. Darling also describes a ball of light accompanying him. [PAR] Mr. Darling declares that he is sick of Nana...[DOC] [TLE] The Story of Peter Pan/Part I - Wikisource, the free ... The Story of Peter Pan/Part I - Wikisource, the free online library [PAR] The Story of Peter Pan/Part I [PAR] From Wikisource [PAR] 1607460 The Story of Peter Pan \u2014 Part I: Early DaysDaniel Stephen O'Connor [PAR] PART I [PAR] EARLY DAYS [PAR] [PAR] IN one of the nicest nurseries in the world there were beds for three young people called John Napoleon, and Wendy Moira Angela, and Michael, the children of Mr. and Mrs. Darling. The nursery was wide and airy, with a large window, and a bright fire with a high fire-guard round it, and a big clock, and prettily-coloured nursery-rhyme pictures over the walls. It was in many ways a most interesting household. For one thing, although there was a pretty little parlour-maid called Liza, the children were bathed and dressed by a big dog called Nana, whose kennel was kept in the nursery. [PAR] On the evening on which our story begins, Nana was dozing peacefully by the fireside, with her head between her paws. Mr. and Mrs. Darling were getting ready to go out to dinner and Nana was to be left in sole charge of the children. Presently the clock went off with a whirr, and struck\u2014one, two, three, four, five, six\u2014time to begin to put the children to bed. [PAR] Nana got up, and stretched herself, and carefully switched on the electric light. You would have been surprised to see how cleverly she managed to do that with her mouth. Then she turned the bedclothes neatly down and hung the little pyjamas over the fire-guard. She then trotted up to the bathroom and turned on the water; after feeling it with her paw to make sure that it was not too hot, she went off to look for Michael, who, being the youngest of the three children, must go to bed first. She returned immediately with him sitting astride on her back as though she were a pony. Michael, of course, did not want to be bathed, but Nana was firm and, taking him to the bathroom, shut the door so that he should not be in a draught. Then Mrs. Darling came to peep at him as he splashed about in the nice warm water. Whilst Mrs. Darling was in the nursery she heard a wee noise outside the window, as a tiny figure, no bigger"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Obama .. Full Speech .. Westminster Hall .. London - YouTube Obama .. Full Speech .. Westminster Hall .. London - YouTube [PAR] Obama .. Full Speech .. Westminster Hall .. London [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 6, 2012 [PAR] President Obama's historical address to the British Parliament in London's Westminster Hall. Obama is the first American President to be invited to speak in this historiallly important British building [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] President Obama: Now is time for US and West to ... - BBC News President Obama: Now is time for US and West to lead - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] President Obama: Now is time for US and West to lead [PAR] 25 May 2011 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionPresident Obama: \"Perhaps, the argument goes... the time for our leadership has passed. That argument is wrong\" [PAR] President Obama has told British politicians that, despite the rise of new global powers, the time for US and European leadership \"is now\". [PAR] He said the influence of the US, UK and allies would remain \"indispensable,\" in a speech in Parliament on the second day of his UK state visit. [PAR] But he said that leadership would need to \"change with the times\" to reflect economic and security challenges. [PAR] He is the first US president to address MPs and peers in Westminster Hall. [PAR] Rows of the UK's most senior politicians and other prominent figures lined the historic building to hear the US president talk about the history of the UK's relationship with the United States and its shared values - and outline some of the future challenges facing the world. [PAR] Former British prime ministers Sir John Major, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown sat next to each other in the packed hall - the oldest part of the Houses of Parliament - which fell silent as the US president began his 35-minute speech. [PAR] As he began, Mr Obama joked that with an \"especially active press corps\", the relationship between the UK and US was forever being \"over analysed\". [PAR] But he added: \"There are few nations that stand firmer, speak louder and fight harder to defend democratic values around the world than the United States and the United Kingdom.\" [PAR] 'New chapter' [PAR] He said the two countries had \"arrived at a pivotal moment once more\" following global recession and years of conflict. [PAR] Even as more nations take on the responsibilities of global leadership, our alliance will remain indispensable to the goal of a century that is more peaceful, more prosperous and more just [PAR] Barack Obama [PAR] 'No let up' on Gaddafi - Obama Obama UK speech in full, with analysis [PAR] With the winding down of operations in Iraq, progress in Afghanistan and having dealt \"al-Qaeda a huge blow by killing its leader Osama Bin Laden\", President Obama said it was time to enter a \"new chapter in our shared history\" with new challenges. [PAR] But he rejected arguments that the rise of superpowers like China and India meant the end for American and European influence in the world. [PAR] \"Perhaps, the argument goes, these nations represent the future, and the time"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Double-12 Dominoes - Standard Set - Board Games Double-12 Dominoes - Standard Set [PAR] Double-12 Dominoes [PAR] The tiles in a standard set of Double-12 Dominoes [PAR] Double-12 Dominoes. Andrew Unangst / Getty Images [PAR] Share [PAR] By Erik Arneson [PAR] Here's a list of the 91 tiles (with a total of 1,092 pips) included in a set of Double-12 Dominoes: [PAR] blank-blank"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roy Chubby Brown Discography at Discogs Roy Chubby Brown Discography at Discogs [PAR] Profile: [PAR] Born: February 3 1945 Grangetown, Redcar, England [PAR] Roy 'Chubby' Brown the self proclaimed 'crudest and rudest' comedian was born in the depressed steel-making town Grangetown. He left home when he was 14. [PAR] His blue-period came to the fore after an appearance on Opportunity Knocks in the mid seventies where he came fourth to a spoon player. [PAR] His manager George Forster suggested that he should go completely blue as there were so many clean comedians around struggling to make a living. [PAR] At first he had difficulty with the swearing but now it is the swearing that the people come to expect. [PAR] He is really poking fun at himself and male inadequacy, a third of his audience are women who can relate his act to the men in their lives. [PAR] \"I decided to go right over the top and be the rudest man in the country and I haven't looked back.\" [PAR] Sites:[DOC] [TLE] Roy 'Chubby' Brown \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts ... Roy 'Chubby' Brown \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] 1 track [PAR] Do you know what kind of music this is? Tag this artist [PAR] Roy 'Chubby' Brown (real name: Royston Vasey, born February 5, 1945 Redcar, Middlesbrough) is an English comedian known for the adult nature of his comedy, his foul mouthed approach and his outrageous costumes. He typically wears a pilot's hood and flight goggles, along with a colourful jacket in his stage performances. The controversial nature of his act means that he rarely appears on major television channels."
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean Sibelius | Biography & History | AllMusic Jean Sibelius | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links | AllMusic [PAR] Jean Sibelius [PAR] Biography by Robert Cummings [PAR] Sibelius (1865-1957) was Finland's leading post-Romantic composer of symphonies and a national icon, regarded as the foremost Nordic symphonist of the 20th century."
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Britain - World War II - HISTORY.com Battle of Britain - World War II - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Britain [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In the summer and fall of 1940, German and British air forces clashed in the skies over the United Kingdom, locked in the largest sustained bombing campaign to that date. A significant turning point of World War II, the Battle of Britain ended when Germany\u2019s Luftwaffe failed to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force despite months of targeting Britain\u2019s air bases, military posts and, ultimately, its civilian population. Britain\u2019s decisive victory saved the country from a ground invasion and possible occupation by German forces while proving that air power alone could be used to win a major battle. [PAR] Google [PAR] On June 17, 1940, the defeated French signed an armistice and quit World War II . Britain now stood alone against the power of Germany\u2019s military forces, which had conquered most of Western Europe in less than two months. But Prime Minister Winston Churchill rallied his stubborn people and outmaneuvered those politicians who wanted to negotiate with Adolf Hitler . But Britain\u2019s success in continuing the war would very much depend on the RAF Fighter Command\u2019s ability to thwart the Luftwaffe\u2019s efforts to gain air superiority. This then would be the first all-air battle in history. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The battle received its name from a speech Winston Churchill delivered to the British House of Commons on June 18, 1940, in which he stated \"The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin.\" [PAR] In fact, Britain\u2019s situation was more favorable than most of the world recognized at the time. Britain possessed an effective air defense system, first-rate fighter pilots, and a great military leader in Air Marshal Hugh Dowding. On the other hand, the Germans had major problems: they had no navy left after the costly conquest of Norway, their army was unprepared for any form of amphibious operations, and the Luftwaffe had suffered heavy losses in the west (the first two factors made a seaborne attack on the British Isles impossible from the first). [PAR] Even more serious, the Germans had poor intelligence and little idea of British vulnerabilities. They wasted most of July in waiting for a British surrender and attacked only in August. Although air strikes did substantial damage to radar sites, on August 13\u201315 the Luftwaffe soon abandoned that avenue and turned to attacks on RAF air bases. A battle of attrition ensued in which both sides suffered heavy losses (an average loss of 21 percent of the RAF\u2019s fighter pilots and 16 percent of the Luftwaffe\u2019s fighter pilots each month during July, August, and September). [PAR] For a time the advantage seemed to swing slightly in favor of the Germans, but a combination of bad intelligence and British attacks on Berlin led the Luftwaffe to change its operational approach to massive attacks on London. The first attack on London on September 7 was quite successful; the second, on September 15, failed not only with heavy losses, but also with a collapse of morale among German bomber crews when British fighters appeared in large numbers and shot down many of the Germans. As a result, Hitler permanently postponed a landing on the British Isles and suspended the Battle of Britain. [PAR] The Reader\u2019s Companion to Military History. Edited by Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Parker. Copyright \u00a9 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. [PAR] Tags"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup Winners List - World Cup Soccer History of ... World Cup Winners List - World Cup Soccer History of Winners List [PAR] FIFA World Cup Winners List and History [PAR] by Jordan Adams [PAR] Below is a list of the World Cup Soccer winners and details from past events in history. [PAR] 1930 FIFA World Cup Winners: Uruguay [PAR] Hosted by the country of Uruguay, the first ever FIFA World Cup was held eight years after the international game was first recognized through Olympic competition. It was in 1929 that a group voted that the country of Uruguay should be the first nation to host a FIFA World Cup. This tournament started out small, as only thirteen nations were to compete. Four of the countries were from Europe, eight came from South America and the Untied States took part as well. [PAR] As far as the games went, Uruguay held strong against its opponents, as they swept through group play, defeating both Peru and Romania via shutouts. Once in the knockout round, Uruguay's team continued its strong play defeating Yugoslavia in the Semifinals, 6-0, and it conquered Argentina in the Championship game, 4-2. Uruguay's tournament success can be attributed to its strikers, having two of the top goal scorers in the tournament in Cae and Anselmo. [PAR] Get a FREE 20% Signup Bonus at Bookmaker Sportsbook - Click Here - Mention bonus code DOC300 [PAR] 1934 FIFA World Cup Winners: Italy [PAR] Italy's triumph in the 1934 World Cup marked the second host team to win the tournament since the creation of the event. Turned down to host the 1930 FIFA World Cup, Italy beat Czechoslovakia 2-1 in extra time after trailing 1-0 through most of the game until an equalizer eight minutes before time ended. A great leap from the inaugural tournament, the second ever World Cup had 32 competitors, so all teams, including the host Italy, had to qualify in order to continue. Sixteen teams went on to the elimination round, however the defending champion Uruguay team failed to send a squad to defend their title. [PAR] In the final match it was Czechoslovakia striking first blood when left-winger Puc put a goal through with twenty minutes remaining. With only a few minutes to go and trailing, it was Italy's Orsi that put his squad back in the match with the tying goal, sending the match to extra time where Italy's Meazza would come back from an injury to score the winning goal and capture the victory for his home country. [PAR] 1938 FIFA World Cup Winners: Italy [PAR] Marked by the cloud of war, the third ever World Cup received fewer nations as many held back because of this issue. It was in this World Cup that one of the greatest matches was played by Brazil and Poland. Brazil came away with the victory in extra time, 6-5. While Italy defended its title and came away with its second consecutive World Cup championship, it was Brazil's Leonidas who came into the spotlight with a tournament-leading seven goals and created worldwide interest with his exceptional marksmanship. [PAR] However, it was the decision of Brazilian coach Adheniar Pimenta to rest Leonidas, as well as others, for the final. They never got that opportunity, as Italy knocked out the South American power, 2-1. Advancing to the final, Italy captured back-to-back FIFA World Cup titles as they defeated Hungary, 4-2. [PAR] 1950 FIFA World Cup Winners: Uruguay [PAR] Twelve years from the last FIFA tournament, the fourth-ever World Cup took place in Brazil after the Second World"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Epping Forest | district, England, United Kingdom ... Epping Forest | district, England, United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] district, England, United Kingdom [PAR] Eastbourne [PAR] Epping Forest, district, administrative and historic county of Essex , England . It occupies the southwestern part of the county at the northeastern edge of Greater London . The name also refers to an ancient tract of woodland that crosses the district. The original forest was a royal hunting ground that was gradually enclosed; only through opposition by holders of common rights was it in part saved by act of Parliament in 1878. The remaining 9 square miles (23 square km) passed to the care of the Corporation of the City of London . [PAR] Waltham Abbey Church, Waltham Abbey, Epping Forest, Essex, Eng. [PAR] JohnArmagh [PAR] The market town of Epping serves the area as a prosperous suburban shopping centre. Other modern suburbs within the district include Chigwell , Waltham Abbey, and Ongar. Area 131 square miles (340 square km). Pop. (2001) 120,896; (2011) 124,659. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Essex (county, England, United Kingdom) [PAR] administrative, geographic, and historic county of eastern England. It extends along the North Sea coastline between the Thames and Stour estuaries. The administrative county covers an area within the larger geographic county, which in turn covers a part of the original historic county of Essex.... [PAR] London (national capital, United Kingdom) [PAR] city, capital of the United Kingdom. It is among the oldest of the world\u2019s great cities\u2014its history spanning nearly two millennia\u2014and one of the most cosmopolitan. By far Britain\u2019s largest metropolis, it is also the country\u2019s economic, transportation, and cultural... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: May 03, 2013 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Epping-Forest [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Exsanguination - wikidoc Exsanguination - wikidoc [PAR] Exsanguination [PAR] Synonyms and Keywords: Desagnuination; bleeding out; hemorrhagic shock; bleeding to death; massive blood loss; fatal bleed; fatal bleeding; fatal blood loss; severe hemorrhage; massive bleeding; massive bleed; massive hemorrhage [PAR] Overview [PAR] Exsanguination is the fatal process of total hypovolemia ( blood loss ). It is most commonly known as \" bleeding to death .\" [PAR] Historical Perspective [PAR] The term was widely used by Hippocrates in traditional medicine practiced in the Greco-Roman civilization and in Europe during the Middle Age. The word was possibly used to describe the lack of personality (by death or by weakness ) that often occurred once a person suffered hemorrhage or massive blood loss . [PAR] The exact ideology of the term, as it is commonly used, is not clearly understood. Medical literature suggests that a person who suffered massive blood loss as being alive , but some authors may be convinced the person is not living. This ambiguity is likely the cause of its infrequent use in the medical profession today. [PAR] The word itself originated from Latin: 'ex' (out of) and 'sanguis' ( blood ). Therefore the word literally means 'out of blood '. [PAR] Epidemiology and Demographics [PAR] Exsanguination is a relatively uncommon cause of death in humans . [PAR] Causes [PAR] It might be more precise to say that exsanguination is a mode of death rather than a cause, since exsanguination itself will have an underlying cause which is listed here: [PAR] Common causes[DOC] [TLE] exsanguination | Britannica.com exsanguination | Britannica.com [PAR] Exsanguination [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Alternative Title: sticking [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in meat processing: pH changes [PAR] Normally, after death, muscle becomes more acidic (pH decreases). When an animal is bled after slaughter (a process known as exsanguination), oxygen is no longer available to the muscle cells, and anaerobic glycolysis becomes the only means of energy production available. As a result, glycogen stores are completely converted to lactic acid, which then begins to build up, causing the pH to drop.... [PAR] in meat processing: Slaughtering [PAR] After stunning, animals are usually suspended by a hind limb and moved down a conveyor line for the slaughter procedures. They are typically bled (a process called sticking or exsanguination) by the insertion of a knife into the thoracic cavity and severance of the carotid artery and jugular vein. This method allows for maximal blood removal from the body. At this point in the process, the... [PAR] in poultry processing: Stunning and killing [PAR] ...hand or by a mechanical rotary knife that cuts the jugular veins and the carotid arteries at the neck. Any birds not killed by the machine are quickly killed by a person with a knife assigned to the bleed area. The birds are permitted to bleed for a fixed amount of time, depending on size and species (e.g., 1 1/2 minutes for broilers). Any bird that is not..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beast - Disney Wiki - Wikia Beast | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas [PAR] Beast in Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas. [PAR] In the midquel, which takes place not long after the Beast rescued Belle from the wolves, much to the Beast's frustration, Belle wants to celebrate Christmas and throw a real Christmas party. The Beast hates the idea of Christmas, for it was the very day when the Enchantress cast the spell on him and the entire castle ten years ago; he also was ungrateful for his gift that day, a storybook. While the Beast sits most of the preparations out, a treacherous servant plots to have Belle thrown out of the castle: Forte the Pipe Organ, since he is far more appreciated by the Beast while under the spell. [PAR] Unknown to the Beast, Belle writes him a special book which he doesn't see until later on. She also meets Forte later on in a chance meeting. Forte tells her that the Beast's favorite Christmas tradition when he was a child was the Christmas tree. Belle becomes frustrated, for no tree she has seen on the grounds has been tall enough to hang ornaments. He then lies to Belle, saying that a perfect tree can be found in the woods beyond the castle. Reluctant to go against the Beast's orders that she never leave the castle, Belle leaves nonetheless in order to find the perfect tree. When Belle does not arrive to see the Beast's Christmas present to her, he begins to suspect that she is not there at all. When Mrs. Potts explains that the household cannot find her, the Beast becomes enraged. He goes to Forte to ask for advice, and Forte lies to him that Belle has abandoned him. The Beast finds Belle in the woods and saves her in time from drowning, since she fell through thin ice. [PAR] Still believing that Belle disobeyed him by leaving the grounds, the Beast ruthlessly throws her into the dungeon. But when Forte goads him into destroying the rose to end his suffering, the Beast finds Belle's book in the West Wing and reads it, coming to his senses and realizing that all Belle wants is for him to be happy. Releasing Belle from the dungeon, the Beast prepares to join in the Christmas festivities. But Forte does not give up and even goes as far as to attempt to destroy the entire castle with Beethoven's 5th. Fortunately, the Beast finds him in time and destroys his keyboard with Franz Schubert's Symphony No 8. Losing his balance (and his pipes), Forte falls from the wall he is leaned up against and is silenced forever. Despite his intentions, the Beast mourns Forte's death with Belle comforting him. When he and the other servants are returned to normal, the Prince and Belle give Chip, Mrs. Potts' son, a book to read, which he loves. As the Prince and Belle come out to the balcony, he gives her something too: a rose. [PAR] Belle's Magical World [PAR] Beast in Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World. [PAR] In the final entry of the franchise, made up of four segments from a presumably failed television series, Belle teaches the Beast a thing or two about life itself, consideration and manners. He appears only in the first and fourth segments, and in a cameo in the third. [PAR] In the first part, The Perfect Word, the Beast and Belle have a bitter falling out at dinner when the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kuang Hu - Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon Kuang Hu - Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon [PAR] Glaucoma Treatment & Cataract Surgery [PAR] Excellence in eye care is the focus of the team led by Mr Kuang Hu, London-based Moorfields Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, who specialises in Glaucoma and Cataracts. Assessment of your eye condition will include a thorough examination and any necessary special tests, many of which can be performed conveniently in-house. A wide range of treatments is available, including minimally-invasive day-case surgical procedures. [PAR] Focussed on Excellence in Eye Care [PAR] Mr Hu believes in providing a high-quality service, good value for money, and convenience. So, your first consultation with him at Infinity Eye Clinic in Harley Street comes with a Satisfaction Guarantee and Price Promise. Infinity Eye Clinic can also arrange a car and driver to bring you to and from your home or workplace \u2013 at our expense if you are local. [PAR] [PAR] Value and Convenience [PAR] But that\u2019s not all. Mr Hu offers consultations at weekends to fit in with busy schedules. With transparent pricing of his services, there\u2019ll be no nasty surprises when it comes to fees. And you can book consultations without the need for health insurance. [PAR] [PAR] Connect with Us [PAR] Our team is always happy to hear from you, so connect via telephone, email or social media.[DOC] [TLE] Latest updates - DeepMind Health | Moorfields Eye Hospital ... Latest updates - DeepMind Health | Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust [PAR] Latest updates - DeepMind Health [PAR] OCT scan [PAR] 20 September 2016, DeepMind Health patient engagment event [PAR] DeepMind Health held their first large-scale patient and public involvement event on 20th September 2016, bringing together a diverse group of patients and carers to hear about the work DeepMind Health are doing and to help decide on the best way to involve service users going forward. Over 130 patients, carers and members of the public were in attendance with many more watching the livestream. [PAR] Moorfields patient Elaine Manna took to the stage to tell her story of how age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has affected her and why she has been inspired by the research project between Moorfields and DeepMind Health. [PAR] Mr Pearse Keane, consultant ophthalmologist at Moorfields Eye Hospital, also explained how the research partnership came about and the hope that this work will eventually help eye health professionals to make faster and more accurate diagnoses of the commonest eye conditions. [PAR] The live stream of the event is available to watch below. [PAR] 4 July 2016, We are excited to announce a new medical research partnership with DeepMind Health. [PAR] A new medical research partnership that could revolutionise the way professionals carry out eye tests and lead to earlier detection of common eye diseases has been launched in London. [PAR] With the number of people suffering from sight loss in the UK predicted to double by 2050, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and DeepMind Health will explore how cutting edge technologies can help medical research into eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and sight loss as a result of diabetes. [PAR] The partnership brings together leading NHS eye health professionals with some of the UK\u2019s top technologists at DeepMind, which specialises in using machine learning technologies to solve some of the world\u2019s most difficult problems. [PAR] As part of the research project between the Moorfields Eye Hospital and DeepMind, machine learning will be applied to one million anonymous eye scans, to look for early signs of eye conditions that humans might miss. [PAR] Two million people are living"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK: WIMBLEDON TENNIS: CLIFF RICHARD SINGS AS RAIN STOPS ... UK: WIMBLEDON TENNIS: CLIFF RICHARD SINGS AS RAIN STOPS PLAY | AP Archive [PAR] UK: WIMBLEDON TENNIS: CLIFF RICHARD SINGS AS RAIN STOPS PLAY [PAR] Showing 1 of 1623 | Tennis Aus Open Sampras [PAR] UK: WIMBLEDON TENNIS: CLIFF RICHARD SINGS AS RAIN STOPS PLAY [PAR] UK: WIMBLEDON TENNIS: CLIFF RICHARD SINGS AS RAIN STOPS PLAY [PAR] [PAR] Restrictions: NO REUSE OR RESALE [PAR] Duration:00:02:10:24 [PAR] Wimbledon, London, July 3, 1996 [PAR] 1. Wide shot of crowd at Wimbledon - raining [PAR] 2. Various close ups of people with umbrellas [PAR] 3. Cliff Richard singing \"Living Doll\" with tennis stars in background including Conchita Martinez, Gigi Fernandez, Martina Navratilova, Ines Gorrachetigui, Patricia Tarabini, Caroline Vis, Pam Shriver, Virginia Wade, Christian Singer, Mariaan De Swardt and Liz Smylie [PAR] 4. Cutaway to crowd [PAR] 5. Cliff Richard singing and dancing with corporal Lorna Waud [PAR] 6. Wide shot of crowd with umbrellas [PAR] 7. Cliff Richard singing \"I'm all shook up\" [PAR] 8. Close up of Martina Navratilova [PAR] 9. Cutaway to crowd - applause [PAR] 10. SOUNDBITE: Cliff Richard [PAR] 11. Wide shot of centre court covered with tarpaulin [PAR] 12. Wide shot of Cliff and tennis players - zoom [PAR] 13. Crowd applauding [PAR] 14. Close up of Cliff Richard [PAR] 15. Men waiting to lift covering off centre court [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Go to top [PAR] English/Nat [PAR] Cliff Richard stepped out of the shadows at Wimbledon when rain stopped play to bring smiles to disappointed tennis fans with a rendition of some of his greatest hits. [PAR] Rain may have put paid to any tennis on centre court, but Sir Cliff - the day's court jester - was determined to keep the crowds entertained. [PAR] Umbrellas were brought out and smiles turned to down-turned faces as the rain stared to pour down on Britain's summer tennis festival at Wimbledon. [PAR] But to the rescue - pop star, Cliff Richard. [PAR] The spontaneous live concert performed by Cliff Richard - himself a mad tennis fan - was suggested by the All-England Club, which provided him with a microphone [PAR] He was supported by a chorus line of past and present stars of Wimbledon, like Virginia Wade, Martina Navratilova and Conchita Martinez. [PAR] Backing vocals came from the reinvigorated centre court crowd who soon forgot the rain and began dancing and singing along to the old favourite \"Living Doll.\" [PAR] All joined in and one lucky lady, Corporal Lorna Waud, had the pleasure of dancing with Sir Cliff. [PAR] She later told reporters it was the best day of her life [PAR] Cliff Richard went on to perform a medley of his greatest hits from the 1970s and 1980s to the joy of the now rocking crowd, [PAR] The former Shadow appeared even more elated by his special performance on tennis' World arena than the crowd. [PAR] SOUNDBITE: [PAR] \"I never thought that I would actually play centre court (laughter). And how could anyone ever have dreamed up backing vocal group like this?\" [PAR] SUPER CAPTION: Cliff Richard [PAR] The anti-rain dance appeared to take effect as the rain eased off and the crowd hoped to see the quarter-final dual between defending champion Pete Sampras and Richard Krajicek. [PAR] But the pair had barely played a game before the heavens opened again. [PAR] Categories[DOC] [TLE] Pippa Middleton braves the wet weather as she joins Sir ... Pippa Middleton braves the wet weather as she joins Sir Cliff Richard and Rebel Wilson at Wimbledon [PAR] You are using"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bobby Mooro Online Bobby Mooro Online [PAR] Number 6 Shirt Retired [PAR] West Ham United have officially retired the number 6 shirt that was [PAR] worn with such distinction by Bobby Moore for both West Ham United and England. This season marks the 50th anniversary of Bobby Moore's debut in a 3 - 2 victory over Manchester United on September 8th 1958. [PAR] The retirement took place on the 9th of August 2008 at the inaugural Bobby Moore Cup game which was the start of a new collaboration between West Ham United and the Bobby Moore Fund, the cancer charity set up by Stephanie Moore who is Bobby Moore's widow. To learn more about the charity please click here , link will open in a new window. Mathew Upson wore the number 6 shirt for the first half before giving the shirt to Stephanie in a ceremony at the half time break. Mathew Upson will now wear the number 15 shirt for the rest of the season. [PAR] It is planned for the Bobby Moore Cup to be an annual event and will be the last pre season game each season. The first opponents were Villareal from Spain and it is expected that future opponents will be of a similar stature. Carlton Cole scored for West Ham after only 2 minutes with the game ending in a 1 - 1 draw. [PAR] A commemorative [PAR] programme was produced for the game priced at \u00a35. Bobby Moore Online gets no remuneration for providing this link as this site is totally non profit making. [PAR] Many thanks to Robert Dodd, Liam Tyrell and Odd Ivar for the photos taken on the day of the Bobby Moore Cup game. [PAR] We here at BobbyMooreOnline collected around 30,000 signatures in support of retiring the number 6 shirt and made appearances on BBC national radio in support of our campaign. Thanks go out to everyone who helped in the campaign and although we were not responsible for getting the shirt retired we like to think we played some small part in the decision. It really was the right decision, and as we pointed out at the time a club would retire a shirt at some point and who could be more deserving of this honour than West Ham and England's greatest.[DOC] [TLE] West Ham retire Moore's number six shirt | Premier League ... West Ham retire Moore's number six shirt | The Independent [PAR] West Ham retire Moore's number six shirt [PAR] Monday 4 August 2008 13:56 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Football [PAR] West Ham United will retire the number six shirt worn by former Upton Park and England great Bobby Moore, the Premier League club said on their website (www.whu.co.uk) today. [PAR] Moore, who died in 1993, is one of the most celebrated names in English football, having lifted the Jules Rimet trophy in 1966 as captain of England's World Cup-winning team. [PAR] A ball-playing central defender, he was one of three West Ham players in Alf Ramsey's victorious England team, alongside striker Geoff Hurst and midfielder Martin Peters. [PAR] A statue of the three stands outside the club's stadium. [PAR] Moore, who was at West Ham from 1958-74, was the club's most successful captain, lifting the FA Cup in 1964 and European Cup Winners' Cup the following year. [PAR] He died from bowel cancer at the age of 51. [PAR] West Ham chief executive officer Scott Duxbury told the club's website: \"When we were talking about ways to mark 50 years since Bobby Moore's debut, there was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1983: US troops invade Grenada BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1983: US troops invade Grenada [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1983: US troops invade Grenada [PAR] United States marines and army rangers have invaded the Caribbean island of Grenada, seized the country's two airports and taken Cuban and Soviet prisoners. [PAR] The action, which has shocked the world, was ordered by President Ronald Reagan following a bloody coup by Cuban-trained military who executed Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, and at least 13 of his associates. [PAR] Backed by helicopter gunships, 1,900 US troops were airlifted to Pearls airport in the north of the island at dawn. They were followed a few hours later by 300 soldiers from six other Caribbean countries. [PAR] The invasion of this former British colony has angered British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who spoke with President Reagan last night to try to dissuade him from military action. [PAR] But the Pentagon has expressed a \"sense of outrage\" that she refused to participate in the invasion despite America's support during the Falklands conflict last year. [PAR] Reagan's reasons [PAR] The US Secretary of Defense, Caspar Weinberger, said three US soldiers were killed as they fought members of a Cuban work force building a runway at Point Salinas Airport. [PAR] Other US officials said 30 Soviet advisers and 600 Cubans had been arrested. The Caribbean Broadcasting Corp owned by the Barbados government reported four Cubans dead. [PAR] President Reagan announced the attack at a news conference in the White House four hours after his troops had landed. [PAR] At his side was the prime minister of Dominica, Eugenia Charles, who is also chair of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). [PAR] The president said the US had taken military action after an appeal by the OECS, Jamaica and Barbados who were worried about the security of the region following last week's coup. [PAR] He also wanted to ensure the safety of a thousand Americans living in Grenada, including about 600 students and teachers at St George's University medical school. [PAR] Grenada gained its independence in 1974 and five years later there was a popular revolution led by the New Jewel Movement which brought the charismatic Marxist leader, Maurice Bishop, to power. [PAR] The coup leaders - Hudson Austin and Bernard Coard, Mr Bishop's former deputy - objected to the prime minister's policy of developing closer ties with the United States."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ebro River | river, Spain | Britannica.com Ebro River | river, Spain | Britannica.com [PAR] Ebro River [PAR] Alternative Titles: Hiberus River, Iberus River, R\u00edo Ebro [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Tortosa [PAR] Ebro River, Spanish R\u00edo Ebro, Latin Iberus or Hiberus, river , the longest in Spain . The Ebro rises in springs at Fontibre near Reinosa in the Cantabrian Mountains , in the Cantabria province of northern Spain. It flows for 565 miles (910 km) in a southeasterly course to its delta on the Mediterranean coast in Tarragona province, midway between Barcelona and Valencia. The Ebro has the greatest discharge of any Spanish river, and its drainage basin, at 33,000 square miles (85,500 square km), is the largest in Spain; the river drains about one-sixth of the country. Because it plunges through the coastal mountain ranges by a series of deep gorges and defiles, the Ebro is navigable upstream for only 15 miles (25 km), from its delta to the city of Tortosa . [PAR] Ebro River at Miranda de Ebro, Spain. [PAR] Juanjo Toreador [PAR] The Ebro\u2019s interior basin is arid, poor, and sparsely populated. Irrigation has been intensified there since the mid-20th century\u2014though it is still limited to the main floodplains in the middle reaches of the river between Tudela, Navarra , and Zaragoza (site of the Imperial Canal system, begun in the 16th century) and to the interfluves on the north-central plain around Caspe\u2014and is augmented by the Lodosa and Tauste canals. The modern networks of irrigation canals between the B\u00e1rdenas project and the Monegros and Cinca valleys are impressive. The upper part of the Ebro River basin, the Rioja Alta, around Logro\u00f1o , gives its name to the Rioja wine produced there. [PAR] The Ebro River receives water from more than 200 tributaries. Those on the left bank (including the Segre-Cinca, G\u00e1llego, and Arag\u00f3n rivers), which originate in the rainy Pyrenees , contribute the overwhelming majority of the Ebro\u2019s volume; the right-bank tributaries are smaller and originate in the Iberian Cordillera. The largest tributaries have been utilized for hydroelectric power and irrigation. A system of major dams produces a significant portion of Spain \u2019s hydroelectric power, chiefly in the upper La Noguera valleys. Extensive lignite deposits in the southeastern, or lower, part of the basin are used to produce thermoelectric power."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cartwright Hall Art Gallery, Bradford | National Lottery ... Cartwright Hall Art Gallery, Bradford | National Lottery Good Causes [PAR] Play [PAR] Cartwright Hall Art Gallery, Bradford [PAR] The City of Bradford Metropolitan Council used National Lottery funding to convert a gallery for its permanent collection of South Asian Fine and Decorative Arts. [PAR] Share this project [PAR] Home \u00bb Heritage \u00bb Cartwright Hall Art Gallery, Bradford [PAR] [PAR] Tweet [PAR] About the project [PAR] This project received a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, which awards money raised by National Lottery players to transform museums, galleries, libraries and archives, and improve the collections of art, objects and literature that they hold for generations to come. From Belfast to Norwich and Swansea to Shetland, museums and libraries across the country have benefitted from Lottery cash. Some of these have modern new buildings, while others have been redeveloped in historic buildings, or had their facilities improved so that everyone can visit and enjoy them. As well as making a difference to the venues themselves, the Heritage Lottery Fund also assists museums, galleries and libraries in acquiring new objects and collections, to help their visitors discover as much as possible about our history. For example, many important British paintings have been prevented from becoming part of foreign collections so that communities in the UK can continue to learn from them. For this reason the Heritage Lottery Fund also supports education projects in museums, galleries and libraries, and helps to make archive collections more accessible by awarding grants for cataloguing, digitisation, online resources and community outreach projects. [PAR] Are you associated with this project and wish to give us more info? Please get in touch [PAR] You may also be interested in\u2026 [PAR] Dean Castle Country Park [PAR] Dean Castle Country Park is one of the hundreds of parks and open spaces in Britain that have been revitalised using money from The National Lottery, awarded by the Heritage Lottery Fund.[DOC] [TLE] Cartwright Hall Art Gallery - Bradford Museums and Galleries Our Venues - Bradford Museums and Galleries [PAR] Our venues [PAR] Bolling Hall [PAR] Bradford District is home to some of the most exciting museums and galleries in Yorkshire. From the Baroque splendour of Cartwright Hall Art Gallery to the spectacular building of Keighley's Cliffe Castle Museum, there is always something new to do or see, and admission is free! [PAR] Specialist museums like Bradford Industrial Museum and Keighley's Cliffe Castle Museum bring our District's history and heritage to life through ever-changing displays. [PAR] Our Learning Team run regular workshops and special events with schools and other groups, and will be delighted to help you make the most of your visit. [PAR] Many of the museums, galleries and community halls have rooms for hire for meetings and special events. Whether you are planning a visit for yourself or a group, pursuing academic research or looking for a unusual venue for your event, you'll find all the information you need right here. [PAR] Manor House Museum and Art Gallery is closed to the public. The site no longer forms part of Bradford Museums & Galleries service. Bradford Council continues to work with organisations to secure its future. [PAR] Friends of Bradford Art Galleries and Museums [PAR] The Friends have special links with Cartwright Hall, Bolling Hall and Bradford Industrial Museum. Contact fobagam@gmail.com (registered charity 1108562, company limited by guarantee 5373709). [PAR] Newsletter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does luce mean? - Definitions for luce What does luce mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word luce [PAR] Princeton's WordNet(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Luce, Henry Luce, Henry Robinson Luce(noun) [PAR] United States publisher of magazines (1898-1967) [PAR] Luce, Clare Booth Luce(noun) [PAR] United States playwright and public official (1902-1987) [PAR] Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] luce(Noun) [PAR] The pike, Esox lucius, when fully grown. [PAR] Origin: From lus, luis, from lucius. [PAR] Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Luce(noun) [PAR] a pike when full grown [PAR] Origin: [OF. lus, L. lucius a kind of fish.] [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Luce [PAR] Luce is a rock band based in San Francisco, California. The band was founded in 2000 by lead singer Tom Luce and is made up of keyboardist/producer Adam Rossi, drummer Brian Zalewski, bassist Alex Cordrey and lead guitarist Dylan Brock. Luce's self-titled first album, released in 2001, met with success in the San Francisco Bay Area, winning the California Music Award for Outstanding Debut. It was promoted heavily on the San Francisco radio station KFOG; a single from the album entitled \"Good Day\" peaked at #39 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart. \"Good Day\" was heard in the movies 13 Going on 30 and How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days and TV shows The O.C. and Alias, and was also featured in commercials for American Leather and for northern California Toyota dealers. The band makes appearances all over northern California and the U.S.; one notable appearance was at Golden Gate Park for the finish of the 2005 Bay to Breakers race. Luce's second album, Never Ending, was released April 19, 2005, and the first single, \"Buy A Dog\", was the most played song on at least 13 radio stations, including KFOG and WRLT in Nashville. On Nov. 6 of '05, Tom Luce and Adam Rossi sang the national anthem at Arrowhead Stadium before the Kansas City Chiefs hosted the Oakland Raiders. [PAR] Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Luce [PAR] l\u016bs, n. a fresh-water fish, the pike. [O. Fr. lus\u2014Low L. lucius.] [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of luce in Chaldean Numerology is: 8 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology [PAR] Deodatta V. Shenai-Khatkhate : [PAR] Uno degli scrittori genio del 20 \u00b0 secolo, Hermann Hesse, premio Nobel e il mio autore preferito, ha scritto: \"la maggior parte delle persone ... sono come una foglia che cade, che va alla deriva e si trasforma in aria, svolazza, e cade a terra ma. alcuni altri sono stelle come che percorrono un percorso definito: assenza di vento li raggiunge, hanno in se stessi la loro guida e il percorso \". Mi piace questa citazione, perch\u00e9 \u00e8 cos\u00ec illuminante e potente. \u00e8 anche un richiamo costante che tu sei la stella, e si deve mantenere il tuo personaggio - non importa ci\u00f2 che gli altri dicono o fanno. inoltre non dimenticare che la stella ha ancora la capacit\u00e0 di trasformarsi in supernova, che illumina l'universo con una luce cos\u00ec potente che pu\u00f2 venire solo da milioni di soli. Sempre cercare di essere quello splendente stella, e in ultima analisi supernova, per illuminare il mondo. [PAR] Images & Illustrations of luce[DOC] [TLE] luce - WordReference.com Dictionary of English luce - WordReference.com Dictionary of English [PAR] luce [PAR] WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English \u00a9 2017 [PAR] luce (lo\u0305o\u0305s),USA pronunciation n. [PAR] Fisha pike, esp. when fully grown. [PAR] Late Latin l\u016bcius [PAR] BiographicalClare Boothe, 1903\u201387,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egypt Governorates - Statoids Egypt Governorates [PAR] Buy data Donate [PAR] Updates: [PAR] On 2015/04/24, Ahram Online reported that President El-Sisi has canceled Egypt's daylight saving time. On 2016/04/28, Ahram Online reported that Egypt's daylight saving time was reinstated, at least for 2016. [PAR] Sorin Cosoveanu notified me that Egypt created three new governorates on 2014-08-17. Central Sinai is being formed from parts of South Sinai and North Sinai. Al-Alamein is splitting from Matruh. The third is Al-Wahhat Al-Bahariya, also known as Wahat or Oases; from the maps I've seen, it appears to be formed from parts of Al Jizah and Al Wadi al Jadid. (Note that there was a governorate called Bahariya Oases in 1947. It's the name of a landform, whether or not it's an administrative division.) At the same time, there are many territorial adjustments to the other governorates. The smaller governorates will acquire desert land from the large, sparsely populated ones. In theory, this will allow the small ones to move their surplus population outward and release arable land for cultivation. Confirmation is provided by source [10]. [PAR] Looking further ahead, the government envisages the creation of governorates called 10 Ramadan and 26 January in the vicinity of Cairo. Recalling the brief career of Helwan and Sixth of October, I wonder whether these changes will remain in effect. [PAR] Egypt stopped observing daylight saving time from 2010 to 2013, but it is resuming it in 2014. [PAR] Update 6 to \"Geopolitical Entities and Codes\" was dated 2011-11-30. For Egypt, it rescinded the FIPS codes that had been assigned to Helwan and Sixth of October governorates. ISO 3166-2 deleted the same governorates on 2014-10-29. [PAR] Update 1 to the U.S. standard \"Geopolitical Entities and Codes\" is dated 2010-08-20. It assigns FIPS codes to the three newest governorates, Al Uqsur, Helwan, and Sixth of October. Newsletter II-2, an update to the ISO 3166-2 standard, is dated 2010-06-30. It assigns ISO codes to Helwan and Sixth of October governorates. [PAR] ISO 3166-2 has come out in a second edition, dated 2007-12-15. This contains the ISO code for Luxor, as shown below. [PAR] Country overview: [PAR] Cairo [PAR] [PAR] Egypt had been part of the Ottoman Empire before 1879. The British military occupied it in 1882, setting up a government subservient to British interests, although it remained technically a tributary state of the Ottoman Empire. On 1914-11-18, Great Britain declared Egypt to be its protectorate. After World War I, with Turkey defeated, Egypt was granted a large measure of independence, effective as of 1922-02-28. A constitutional monarchy was established. In 1952, the monarchy fell to a coup led by Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser's government formed a union with Syria, the United Arab Republic (U.A.R.), on 1958-02-01. Egypt and Syria became regions of the U.A.R. Syria withdrew from the union on 1961-09-29. Egypt continued to call itself the U.A.R. until 1971-09-01. On that date, a loose federation was formed, the Federation of Arab Republics, comprising Egypt, Syria, and Libya. Egypt's official name became the Arab Republic of Egypt. In the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula up to the banks of the Suez Canal, later withdrawing to a cease-fire line a few kilometers to the east. The canal remained closed from 1967 to 1975. The Sinai was restored to Egypt in stages by the terms of the peace treaty negotiated at Camp David and signed on 1979-03-26. [PAR] Other names of country: [PAR] L: Governorates of Lower (downstream) Egypt [PAR] U: Governorates of Upper Egypt [PAR] PC: Egypt uses five-digit postal codes. The first two digits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GIARDINO : \u201cHow can you govern a country that has 246 ... GIARDINO : \u201cHow can you govern a country that has 246 varieties of cheese?\u201d former French President Charles de Gaulle once asked about his native country. Good thing he never got around to governing Peru, a country with 2,500 soup recipes, more than 3,000 different types of potato and 2,000 species of fish. [PAR] Nuestro Blog Guia para viajeros - Peru Travel Blog - info@giardinotours.com [PAR] lunes, 13 de agosto de 2012 [PAR] \u201cHow can you govern a country that has 246 varieties of cheese?\u201d former French President Charles de Gaulle once asked about his native country. Good thing he never got around to governing Peru, a country with 2,500 soup recipes, more than 3,000 different types of potato and 2,000 species of fish. [PAR] As one of the most biodiverse places on the planet, supporting jungle, high mountains and coastal desert, Peru calls upon a formidable stash of raw materials to concoct its cuisine. Aside from hauling in one of the world\u2019s biggest asparagus crops (186,000 tonnes) and netting more fish than anywhere outside of China, the country has gifted the global kitchen with the ubiquitous potato and the equally omnipresent tomato, two vegetables that trace their origin and early domestication back to the Peruvian Andes. [PAR] Left to marinate for several centuries in a post-colonial melting pot stirred at intervals by African slaves, Chinese labourers, indigenous Quechua, Spanish settlers, Italian immigrants and \u2013 more recently \u2013 dynamic local chefs, this rich homegrown bounty has been transformed into exciting fusion dishes. [PAR] Although Lima is Peru\u2019s largest population centre, it is Arequipa, the nation\u2019s second city that claims \u2013 not without merit -- to be guardian of the country\u2019s most varied and inventive cuisine. Those keen on tradition can hunt down the real deal in generations-old picanter\u00edas (literally, \u201cspicy restaurants\u201d), while for modern sophistication, look for somewhere with a Novoandina (New Andean cuisine) moniker. [PAR] Kick-started in the 1980s by an audacious band of culinary experimentalists that included Peruvian celebrity chef Gast\u00f3n Acurio, Novoandina has brought flair and creativity to Peruvian cooking without straying too far from its three main building blocks of potatoes, corn and aji (spicy red chili peppers). [PAR] In Arequipa, Novoandianan restaurants still devote a large proportion of their menus to the common garden spud, but prepare it in a multitude of novel ways. Pastel de papas is a potato pie made with milk, eggs, cheese and aniseed. Ocopa Arequipe\u00f1a consists of boiled potatoes doused in a pungent sauce of oil, garlic, onions, peanuts and cheese, accented with the sweet and minty Peruvian herb huatacay. The national spice-of-choice, aji, is best enjoyed in the signature Arequipa dish, rocoto relleno: spicy red peppers stuffed with ground meat and potatoes, and topped with cream and cheese. But it is also found in many salsas, salads and causas (mashed yellow potato dumplings). [PAR] While always honouring tradition, Novoandina chefs have broadened Peruvian menus by placing these reinvigorated standards alongside more offbeat inventions, such as shrimp fishcakes and alpaca stroganoff. Chef Acurio\u2019s boldly experimental Chicha restaurant (named after a fermented Andean corn drink) has an eclectic menu that illustrates the incredible breadth and diversity of Peruvian cuisine. Highlights include cerviche \u2013 Peru\u2019s famous raw fish dish marinated in lemon, salt, chilli and onions \u2013 available in dozens of different renderings, and cuy, a shock for anyone who has ever had a pet guinea pig, but a rich treat to Andean natives who have been eating it since pre-Inca times. Acurio puts a clever twist on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pattie Boyd famous for marriages to George Harrison and ... Pattie Boyd famous for marriages to George Harrison and Eric Clapton ties knot | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] She was the woman who inspired three of the greatest love songs of all time and was at the heart of the most famous love triangle in rock history. [PAR] Married to both George Harrison and Eric Clapton, model Pattie Boyd was one of the most envied women in the world. [PAR] Yesterday at the age of 71, she wed for a third time \u2013 with a soundtrack provided by her Irish terrier Freddie who did his best to upstage the bride and her new groom, property developer Rod Weston. [PAR] Scroll down for video [PAR] Pattie Boyd has tied the knot for the third time, this time with Rod Weston at Chelsea Registry Office, Chelsea Old Town Hall, in London [PAR] Pattie, photographed with Rod and their dog Freddie, was famously married to both George Harrison and Eric Clapton in the past [PAR] The couple look delighted as their leave the town hall to a shower of confetti [PAR] The setting was very rock and roll; Chelsea Register Office on the King\u2019s Road, where so many of pop\u2019s leading men and women have married over the years. [PAR] But that\u2019s where any similarity with Pattie\u2019s famous past began and ended. [PAR] There were still splashes of style, of course, from the Bentley that took the happy couple to their wedding breakfast at the uber-trendy Beaumont Hotel in Mayfair to the presence of Pattie\u2019s fellow Sixties model Edina Ronay. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] But there were no groupies or hangers-on as there had been when she married Clapton in 1979 or Harrison in 1966 \u2013 just a handful of close friends and family who threw confetti as Pattie and Rod, who have been together almost 25 years, emerged from the cream-painted Rossetti Room arm in arm. [PAR] And in a nod to the tradition of the bride wearing something borrowed, Patti wore a hat owned by her late friend Pat Booth, the model turned best-selling author who died of cancer in 2009. [PAR] Friends of the couple, who live in Kensington, feared they would never tie the knot. \u2018It\u2019s almost our silver anniversary so we thought we had better get on with it,\u2019 said Weston, 61. [PAR] George Harrison (who died in November 2001) and Pattie Boyd, 21, leave Epsom Registrar Office after their marriage in January 1966 [PAR] Eric Clapton married Pattie Boyd, the ex-wife of his friend George Harrison, in 1979 [PAR] Since settling down with Weston, Pattie, a former Vogue cover girl, has turned herself into an accomplished photographer and her pictures have been exhibited all over the world. [PAR] With the death of John Lennon\u2019s ex-wife Cynthia last month, convent-educated Pattie is now the sole surviving first wife of a Beatle. [PAR] Born in Somerset, she met Harrison on the set of A Hard Day\u2019s Night in 1964, when she was cast as a schoolgirl in The Beatles\u2019 first film. [PAR] They were married two years later when she was 21 and Harrison, 22. He later wrote the song Something for her. [PAR] It was by no means the only famous song composed for the bewitching beauty. [PAR] The 70-year-old model, photographer and author, has found love for the third time with Weston [PAR] Pattie showcased her age-defying good looks and sartorial prowess in a chic silver and blue coat jacket and silver dress [PAR] She accessorised her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anderl Heckmair | Obituaries | News | The Independent Anderl Heckmair | The Independent [PAR] Anderl Heckmair [PAR] Leader of the first ascent of the north face of the Eiger [PAR] Thursday 3 February 2005 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Anderl Heckmair led the first ascent of the north face of the Eiger. This dramatic event, played out over four days in July 1938 on the Swiss mountain, marked the climax of the race to climb the great north faces of the Alps. Reinhold Messner has proposed the Heckmair route as not just the one of the greatest climbs of all, but \"even a work of art\" in its expression of the \"seriousness and playful self-realisation\" at the heart of mountaineering. [PAR] Andreas (Anderl) Heckmair, mountaineer and guide: born Munich 12 October 1906; twice married; died Oberstdorf, Germany 1 February 2005. [PAR] Anderl Heckmair led the first ascent of the north face of the Eiger. This dramatic event, played out over four days in July 1938 on the Swiss mountain, marked the climax of the race to climb the great north faces of the Alps. Reinhold Messner has proposed the Heckmair route as not just the one of the greatest climbs of all, but \"even a work of art\" in its expression of the \"seriousness and playful self-realisation\" at the heart of mountaineering. [PAR] History, however, is more ambivalent about the Eiger climb. Heckmair and his fellow German Ludwig V\u00f6rg joined forces on the face with the Austrians Fritz Kasparek and Heinrich Harrer. The symbolism of Germany and Austria united in heroic struggle only four months after the Anschluss was a gift to the Nazi propaganda machine and the climbers were feted by Adolf Hitler. A photograph of the four standing shoulder-to-shoulder with the F\u00fchrer has become one of the most disconcerting images in mountaineering - an activity too easily given to exploitation for nationalist ends. [PAR] Heckmair professed no interest in politics. Although he and his partners felt honoured to be plucked out of anonymous lives and decorated by \"the most famous man in Germany\", the same thing could have happened to a dancing bear, he said. \"I had no way of foreseeing where the Nazi road would lead.\" [PAR] His own road had been a rocky one, both metaphorically and literally. He was born in Munich in 1906; his gardener father died in the First World War, leaving the family in poverty. Anderl and his older brother Hans were sent to the Munich orphanage as \"semi-orphans\". Leaving school in 1920, he worked as a gardener, but, as his addiction to the limestone walls of the Wilder Kaiser took hold, he became a less than ideal employee. On Mondays and Tuesdays he would be tired after the Sunday's hard climbing, on Wednesday he would have to go the funeral of a climber whose body he had helped carry down - the death toll amongst the young tigers of Munich was alarming - and then on Friday and Saturday he would be saving his energies for Sunday's climb. [PAR] Like many of his contemporaries, he quit regular work and became a mountain vagabond, cycling on trips to the Dolomites, the Chamonix peaks and even to Spain en route for the High Atlas. Frank about most things in his 1972 autobiography Mein Leben als Bergsteiger (published in English as My Life as a Mountaineer, 1975), Heckmair admits losing his innocence off an alleyway in Marrakesh but insists that \"money did not come into it\". [PAR] Occasional work as a ski instructor or mountain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Shakespeare \u2013 The Seven Ages of Man (\"All the ... William Shakespeare \u2013 The Seven Ages of Man (\"All the world's a stage\") | Genius [PAR] More on Genius [PAR] About \u201cThe Seven Ages of Man (\"All the world's a stage\")\u201d [PAR] In William Shakespeare\u2019s As You Like It , the sad Jacques delivers these lines as a monologue in Act II, Scene vii . [PAR] The monologue is centered on a conceit comparing life to a play. Jacques borrows this conceit from Duke Senior, who remarks after learning of Orlando\u2019s misfortunes that [PAR] This wide and universal theatre [PAR] Presents more woeful pageants than the scene [PAR] Wherein we play in [PAR] Jacques, renowned for his cynical wit, immediately responds by blowing this conceit out of proportion. According to Jacques, man essentially plays seven parts in his lifetime: [PAR] Quick in quarrel , shrunk shank , and turning toward are among the many instances of alliteration in this poem. [PAR] What is compared to the stage in the first two lines? How are the two related? [PAR] The world is represented metaphorically as a stage, and humans are compared to the actors who work upon it. [PAR] Does the poem present a negative view of life [PAR] The poem presents a somewhat nihilistic, hopeless view of life. [PAR] What kind of audience does it target? [PAR] Plays, such as the one (As You Like It) from which this was taken, were one of the only art forms targeted to appeal not only to the aristocracy, but to the general public living in London, England in the late 16th century. [PAR] How does the seven ages of man describe the persona of the character? [PAR] Jacques' view of the seven stages of man is bleak, reinforcing the melancholic quality of his character. [PAR] What is the fifth age of man? [PAR] The fifth age of man is the justice , or judge. [PAR] What is the seventh stage of man? [PAR] While it is tempting to read the seventh stage as death, in the metaphor, death would be an exit from the stage, rather than an act occurring on the stage. A man can\u2019t play the part of a dead person, but rather with death leaves the stage. [PAR] Instead, the seventh act is extreme old age, a second helplessness, the first being the \u201cmewling and puking\u201d infant in the nurse\u2019s arms. [PAR] Why did William Shakespeare write this monologue? [PAR] Even while it\u2019s impossible to know why William Shakespeare wrote anything, we might note that this monologue follows the ancient order of the planetary spheres. Each of the roles played by man at some age corresponds to a planetary personality, beginning with the Moon. [PAR] This order is determined by orbital period, from shorter to longer: Moon (the mewling infant in Nurse\u2019s arms), Mercury (the schoolboy), Venus (the lover), Mars (the soldier), Jupiter (the round-bellied justice), Saturn (the old man). [PAR] Absent this list is the Sun, which in terms of orbital period falls between Venus and Mars. On a related note, the Seventh Age, the dissolution in which all characteristics are lost, has no planet. [PAR] In the old planetary cosmology, the sphere beyond Saturn was the divine realm, the realm of the stars. It\u2019s tempting, given this, to identify the Seventh Age with the Sun, in whose brightness the specific qualities of the light of an individual candle (metaphorically, the qualities of the individual self) are completely lost\u2026 \u201csans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.\u201d [PAR] How does a man appear in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Revolution - Reign of Terror, and the Guillotine French Revolution - Reign of Terror, and the Guillotine [PAR] The Reign of Terror and the Guillotine [PAR] The Guillotine [PAR] Similar machines had been used in Scotland, Germany, and Italy. In France, the guillotine became the accepted method of execution following tests on sheep and cadavers. Joseph Guillotine, a doctor, suggested its use for all executions, because it was a quick, painless death. Prior to this, only nobility had the option to die this way. After an execution, two men would toss the body into a large basket, while a third would do the same to the head. With well-known people, the executioner would hold up the head and the people would cheer. [PAR] The guillotine became the preferred method of execution and became known as \"The National Razor.\" [PAR] The Reign of Terror [PAR] There was a radical takeover of the government to create a Republic. This was called the \"Reign of Terror.\" It was controlled by the Committee of Public Safety - the Jacobins. Robospierre ran the country. He got an army of 800,000. It was the biggest army ever, in Europe, up to that time. Between 20,000 - 40,000 people were executed. At their trials, they could not speak in their own defense. The victims were clergy, aristocracy, and common people. Anyone who disagreed with the Jacobins was a \"threat to the Republic.\" [PAR] Louis XVI's plans to escape from Paris across the border into Austria failed after he was captured at Varennes. [PAR] The king and queen tried to escape to Austrian-held Netherlands dressed as common people, but were caught. When they were returned to Paris, the soldiers wouldn't salute, people didn't remove their hats, and the people were silent. The royalty had lost all support of the people. [PAR] Marie Antoinette showed great courage at her trial, but was executed in October 1793. [PAR] The king was guillotined on January 21, 1793 - by one vote of the National Convention - for being a threat to the Republic. The queen was guillotined nine months later. [PAR] A guard holds the severed head of King Louis XVI for the crowd to see. [PAR] Moments later, thousands of triumphant citizens yelled, \"Vive la Republique.\" [PAR] She accidentally stepped on the foot of the executioner and apologized. She never said, \"Let them eat cake.\" That came from a Rosseau writing published before she was born. Little Louis died in prison in 1795 at the age of ten. [PAR] Robespierre lies wounded before the Revolutionary Tribunal. [PAR] Christianity was banned for awhile. Robespierre even executed some of his fellow leaders. Danton and others were executed in 1794. [PAR] As Danton approaches the scaffold, he predicts that the people will [PAR] turn against Robespierre in less than three months. [PAR] Thermidorian Reaction [PAR] In 1794, the Bourgeosie arrested and executed Robespierre. The Revolution began to swing back to the moderates. [PAR] The Directory [PAR] France had a new Constitution in 1795. It was now a Republic, but weak. People were mad because there were severe economic problems. [PAR] Results of the French Revolution [PAR] The French Revolution ended feudalism, absolute monarchy, and the special privileges of the nobles and clergy. The Constitution guaranteed individual rights (lost during the Reign of Terror). The Bourgeosie gained power and became the most powerful class in France. They started \"Nationalism,\" the love of country, instead of love for a monarch or small group.[DOC] [TLE] History of the Guillotine 4 - The Terror A History of the Guillotine in Europe [PAR] Reference and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Victoria - British History - HISTORY.com Queen Victoria - British History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Profile [PAR] British royalty. Queen of Great Britain (1837\u20131901) and (from 1876) Empress of India, born in London, United Kingdom, the only child of George III\u2019s fourth son, Edward, and Victoria Maria Louisa of Saxe-Coburg, sister of Leopold, King of the Belgians. Taught by Lord Melbourne, her first prime minister, she had a clear grasp of constitutional principles and the scope of her own prerogative, which she resolutely exercised in 1839 by setting aside the precedent which decreed dismissal of the current ladies of the bedchamber, thus causing Peel not to take up office as prime minister. In 1840 she married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and had four sons and five daughters. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Victoria's 63-year reign is the longest of any female monarch in history. Her great-great-granddaugther, England's current Queen Elizabeth II, will surpass Victoria's record should she remain on the throne until September 2015. [PAR] Strongly influenced by her husband, with whom she worked in closest harmony, after his death (1861) she went into lengthy seclusion, neglecting many duties, which brought her unpopularity and motivated a republican movement. But with her recognition as Empress of India, and the celebratory golden (1887) and diamond (1897) jubilees, she rose high in her subjects\u2019 favor, and increased the prestige of the monarchy. She had strong preferences for certain prime ministers (notably Melbourne and Disraeli) over others (notably Peel and Gladstone), but following the advice of Albert did not press these beyond the bounds of constitutional propriety. At various points in her long reign she exercised some influence over foreign affairs, and the marriages of her children had important diplomatic, as well as dynastic implications in Europe. [PAR] She died at Cowes, Isle of Wight, England, UK, and was succeeded by her son as Edward VII. Her reign, the longest in English history, saw advances in industry, science (Darwin\u2019s theory of evolution), communications (the telegraph, popular press), and other forms of technology; the building of the railways and the London Underground, sewers, and power distribution networks; bridges and other engineering feats; a vast number of inventions; a greatly expanded empire; unequal growth of wealth, with class differences to the fore; tremendous poverty; increase in urban populations, with the growth of great cities like Manchester, Leeds, and Birmingham; increased literacy; and great civic works, often funded by industrial philanthropists. [PAR] Biography courtesy of BIO.com"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Toto 's Lechon Manok - West Covina, CA - Locu Toto's Lechon Manok - West Covina, CA [PAR] Toto's Lechon Manok [PAR] Beef [PAR] Beef Mechado [PAR] nutritious Filipino dish, stewed beef simmered in teeming tomato sauce & a medley of cubed potato, sliced carrots, & red & green bell pepper [PAR] Beef Mushroom Sauce [PAR] Braised beef loin in a creamy white mushroom sauce, mizzled w/ crunchy bacon bits. [PAR] Beef Pepper Steak [PAR] A sliced of lean meat barely seasoned w/ a dash of pepper. [PAR] Callos [PAR] An all occasion menu w/ festive colors & scrumptious savor made from beef w/ chorizo de bilbao, garbanzos, bacon, cheese, & sprig of parsley. [PAR] Kare \u2013 Kare [PAR] A rich & exquisite meat-vegetable dish made of beef, ox tail, & tripe in interesting peanut sauced served w/ sauteed shrimp paste [PAR] Nilagang baka [PAR] A\u200b soup made w/ lots of beef & medley of vegetables-cabbage, potato, & string beans. [PAR] Pinapaitan (beef) [PAR] Complex flavor of blended bitterness & sourness of lemon & bile made from stewed beef in a very warming soup [PAR] Chicken\u200b [PAR] Adobong Manok [PAR] an all time classic Filipino dish of chicken braised in soy sauce, vinegar & garlic & a dash of pepper. [PAR] Afritada [PAR] Veracious healthy dish, a pastiched of chicken meat, cubed carrots & potato, red & green bell pepper, braised in rich flavor tomato sauce [PAR] Chicken BBQ [PAR] Tasty marinated chicken meat on skewers & grilled over hot flaming charcoal. [PAR] Chicken Curry [PAR] An authentic dish made from oozing chicken meat & wonderfully basted in savory curry sauce. [PAR] Chicken Pastel [PAR] Filipino favorite dish during fiestas & celebrations. Savory & creamy chicken casserole enriched w/ SPAM, mushrooms, celery, bell pepper & encase in a puff pastry, making it more delightful [PAR] Chicken Teriyaki [PAR] A lustrous grilled chicken breast bathed in sweetened teriyaki sauce & a light pungent aroma of ginger w/ red & green bell peppers [PAR] Chicken Tinola [PAR] A chicken casserole sauteed w/ garlic & onion, made more nutritious w/ medley of chayote & young leaves of spinach. [PAR] Fried Chicken Leg Quarter [PAR] everybody\u2019s favorite dish, crunchy outside & juicy inside chicken leg quarter by deep fried cooking. Amazingly yummy [PAR] Fried Chicken Skin [PAR] Another crunchy finger food made from chicken skin coated w/ salt pepper & flour mixture. [PAR] Lechon Manok [PAR] 7.5 [PAR] Our signature dish of whole chicken marinated in lemon & soy sauce along w/ secret spices, roasted to perfection. Very enticing & indeed fulfilling A whole Lechon Manok cost about [PAR] Pork\u200b [PAR] A healthful dish made from crisp bitter gourd, sauteed w/ pork & scrambled egg [PAR] Bicol Express [PAR] famous Filipino delicacy made from stewed pork simmering in thick coconut milk w/ a bunch of chilies [PAR] Binagoongang Baboy [PAR] A protein rich menu made from pork sauteed w/ salted shrimp & eggplant garnishing. [PAR] Bopis [PAR] A spicy entree w/ exotic gusto, sauteed in garlic, onion & tomato, blended w/ a very slight bitter taste of pork innards in lavish coconut milk [PAR] Crispy Pata [PAR] a perfect combination of texture & flavor, a crunchy deep fried pork leg made initially by poaching. Satisfying flavor of taste of meat & rich fat marbling [PAR] Dinuguan [PAR] a native Filipino dish that is so delectable. Stewed meat simmered in rich & spicy gravy of pig\u2019s blood. [PAR] Grilled Pork Belly [PAR] oozing flavorful meat cut marbled w/ fats, marinated in an oyster sauce & cooked over a hot grill. A truly mouth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mexican Rodeo | What is Mexican Charreria? Mexican Rodeo | What is Mexican Charreria? [PAR] A charreada is a Mexican rodeo, and in Jalisco it is very popular a real recognized sport with strict rules and lots of competitions. In some ways it is Mexican for NASCAR. Both men and women compete, wearing colorful Mexican cowboy costumes trimmed in silver studs. The horsemen show off there lasso ability and make their mounts dance to a live Mariachi band, while vendors go through the stands selling drinks and and snacks. [PAR] The peculiar figure of Mexican charro is a symbol of our nationality. From one perspective, historical figure of the Mexican charro, dating back to colonial times, when the estates of mixed farming economy, known as estancias or ranches originated. However, the first contact of the indigenous people of America with the horse as transportation employee, dates back to the time of the conquest. [PAR] Throughout the colonial period and at the time of Independence, abounded important events in our history in which the man on horseback played a vital role in both fights, and in the maintenance of peace and thanks their exploits charros consolidated figure. [PAR] The charra party starts with the general parade participants and charros Adelitas Skirmish some who walk on their steeds the ring and render honors to the Mexican flag. Then it happens, according to the established order, the different fates. [PAR] Charreria in Guadalajara Mexico [PAR] Charreria competitions are held in Guadalajara every Sunday in different locations, competitions lasts approximately two hours. During the Mariachi Festival, the Mexican National Charro Championship will be held September the first weekend in September. [PAR] A charreada is held within a marked-off area of an arena consisting of a lane 12 meters (13 yards) wide by 60 meters (66 yards) long leading into a circle 40 meters (44 yards) in diameter. [PAR] The participants must wear traditional charro clothing while performing. [PAR] Preceding the events is an opening ceremony in which the organizations and participants parade into the arena on horseback, usually accompanied by a mariachi band playing. [PAR] The charreada itself consists of a number of scoring events staged in a particular order\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdnine for the men and one for the women. Two or more teams, called asociaciones, compete against each other. Teams can compete to become state, regional, and national champions. The competitors are judged by both style and execution. Unlike rodeos, most charreadas do not award money to the winners.This is due to the fact that charreadas are considered an amateur sport, not professional. Under Mexican laws it would be illegal to receive a monetary reward for participating in a charreada. At times there are such prizes as saddles or horse trailers. [PAR] Charreria [PAR] Men's events [PAR] Cala de Caballo (Test of the horse); The charro puts his horse though various commands to demonstrate his ability and the horse's training. Controlled slide, left and right half, full, and triple turns, dismount and mount, and reverse walk are performed. [PAR] Piales en Lienzo (Roping of the feet); a horseman must throw a lariat, let a wild mare run through the loop catching it by the hind legs. Three opportunities are given. Points are awarded for distance needed to stop the mare. This is done in the rectangular portion of the arena; [PAR] Colas en el Lienzo, or Coleadero (Arena bull tailing) similar to bull dogging except that the rider does not dismount; the charro rides alongside the left side of the bull, wraps its tail around his right leg, and tries to cause the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belgrade at the confluence of two rivers - Review of Sava ... Belgrade at the confluence of two rivers - Review of Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia - TripAdvisor [PAR] \u201cBelgrade at the confluence of two rivers\u201d [PAR] Reviewed September 2, 2014 [PAR] Belgrade are unique in ticipation of two rivers on which it lies. Part of tourists who floated the Danube has a chance to see beauty of Gardo\u0161, Zemun quay and the delta and look at Kalemegdan from the river perspective. Those who are seeking nightlife might visit some of the clubs on the lake Ada ciganlija, Zemun quay or at the New Belgrade side of river Sava. Those who dare to sail upstream from the confluence of the Sava to the Danube, will introduce a completely different Belgrade. They will have the opportunity to sail under Brankovs bridge, old railway bridge and at the new bridge over Ada. Encountered hundreds of small houses on rafts of Ade perineum to bridge of Ostru\u017enica. You will see completely different construction, from small to large wooden rafts and modern house on the water. There parallel lives a different Belgrade, coupled with love for water and nature.When there is no rain water in the basin is flying clear, temperature 26 to 29 degrees and provide a nice refresher in summer.Get off at the Belgrade River, the city has lived and lives on the water long before the project Belgrade water! [PAR] Visited August 2014[DOC] [TLE] Visit Belgrade: modern and dynamic city in Serbia Visit Belgrade: modern and dynamic city in Serbia [PAR] Cancel/Modify reservation [PAR] Belgrade [PAR] Belgrade, a modern, energetic, creative and culturally stimulating city, with its young artists and designers, can rightly be regarded as one of the most vibrant cities in Europe. [PAR] By day it is one of the strategic crossroads and undisputed business centres of the new Europe, midway between Western and Eastern Europe. [PAR] By night it is an eclectic hub of fashionable bars and restaurants. Beli Grad, or the 'White City', the literal meaning of Belgrade, lies at the confluence of the Rivers Danube and Sava and at the foot of Avala Mountain. [PAR] [PAR] A vibrant metropolis where different periods and architectural styles co-exist in harmonious but also contrasting fashion, where luxury and fashion blends and blurs with the Decadent and Shabby styles. The rhythm of life is slower in Belgrade yet it is a place that people live intensely, where they party, dream and suffer, often all at the same time. [PAR] STARI GRAD [PAR] The beating heart of Beograd is the district of Stari Grad (the 'old city'). Surrounding Kalemegdan Fortress and Park, it faces the rivers on one side and is connected with the city via Knez Mihailova Street, the city's main pedestrian and shopping thoroughfare, a bustling hive of shops, cafes and art galleries, and home to the Academy of Fine Arts and, opposite, the beautiful pink building that houses the Public Library. [PAR] Further down the road is the Zepter Museum which, opened in 2010, boasts over 350 works by 20th and 21st century Serbian artists. Just before you get to Republic Square (Trg Republike) there is the Delijska (Delijska Cesma), the reconstruction of a historic Belgrade fountain, destroyed on several occasions, and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti). At the centre of Trg Republike, a typical meeting point in the city, is the statue of Prince Mihailo Obrenovic, who freed the Serbian territories and the city from Turkish Ottoman domination. Also on the square is the National Museum (Narodni Muzej)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eric Liddell Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports ... Eric Liddell Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Medals: 1 Gold, 1 Bronze (2 Total) [PAR] Biography [PAR] After showing brilliant promise as an all-round sportsman at Elthiam College, Eric Liddell won international honors at rugby football and athletics when he went up to Edinburgh University. Born in China in the aftermath of the Boxer rising, Liddell first entered the Scottish Championships as a 19-year-old in 1921 and scored the first of his five successive victories in the 100 yards and the 200 yards and the 220 yards. He also won the 440 yards in 1924 and 1925. At the AAA Championships, Liddell won the 100 yards and 200 yards in 1923 and the 440 yards in 1924. His time of 9.7 seconds for 100 yards in 1923 stood as a British record for 35 years. [PAR] Liddell won seven caps on the wing for Scotland, the first of which came against France at the Stade Colombes which was also the venue for his Olympic triumph, and scored four tries for his country. He gave up rugby for 1923-24 season in order to concentrate on his Olympic preparation. He opened the 1924 traction season with a brief visit to America in April, where he finished second in the 200 yards and fourth in the 100 yards at the Penn Relays. When the program was announced for the Paris Olympic Games, Liddell immediately forsook any idea of running the 100 metres as the preliminaries were scheduled to be held on a Sunday. Following this decision, he naturally chose to use the AAA Championships as a final tune-up for the two events on which he had set his adjusted Olympic sights. He won the 440 yards, finished second behind the South African [Howard Kinsman] in the 220 yards and then went to Paris for the Olympic Games. [PAR] After wining a bronze medal in the 200 metres, he improved his personal best by more than one second in the semi-finals of the 400 metres. In a classic final, Liddell, drawn in the outside lane, set a devastating pace, which with head back and arms flailing he somehow managed to maintain to the tape, coming home in 47.6 seconds for a new Olympic, European and British record. Back at Stamford Bridge after the Games for the British Empire vs. USA match, Liddell again ran inside 48 seconds as he made up six yards on the Olympic silver medalist [Horatio Fitch] in the 4\u00d7440 yards relay. [PAR] After the 1924 track season, Liddell spent an increasing amount of time on his religious duties and after winning three events in the 1925 Scottish Championships he returned to China to join his father as a missionary. He did not give up athletics completely and in 1929 at a meeting in Tientsin, he ran 49.1 seconds to beat the celebrated German runner [Otto Peltzer] over 400 metres. Peltzer pressed Liddell to train for the 800 metres at the 1932 Olympic Games, but Liddell ran his last race in 1930 when he won the North China Championship. [PAR] Over the next decade, Liddell devoted all his energies to the Church and became a legend in the London Missionary Society, but in March 1943 he was interned in a Japanese concentration camp. The privations suffered in camp took their toll of even the fittest and Eric Liddell died in captivity at the age of 43. Although partly fictionalized, the film [Chariots of Fire] is a fitting tribute to this memorable man. [PAR] Personal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Book-Thai Book-Thai [PAR] [PAR] History [PAR] Thailand is a country with many moods. Reckoned the world over for its multicultural society, it is seeped with varying customs and traditions. The Thai history dates back to the Neolithic civilization. Previously known as Siam, there are various aspects of Thai history. [PAR] Thailand Early History Timeline [PAR] From the 9th to the 11th centuries, a large part of central and western Thailand was under the Mon civilization. By the late 11th and early 12th century Khmer cultural influence could be greatly seen in their art, religion and language. Dating back to the 13th and 14th century, the two most popular Thai kingdoms Lan Na and Sukhothai established societies in the north and central parts of Thailand. Sukhohai was the earliest known independent Thai kingdoms and was named as \u2018the dawn of hapiness\u2019. Sukhothai period is considered to be the golden period of Thai history and culture. After the death of Khun Pha Muang, one of the founders of the kingdom of Sukhothai, the kingdom was enwrapped by the kingdom of Ayutthaya. The Thai kings from the Ayutthaya kingdom became paramount by the 14th and the 15th centuries. [PAR] The kingdom remained in power till the 18th century and is majorly responsible for shaping the culture of Thailand. After the fall of the Ayutthaya kingdom in the mid-18th century, Thon Buri became the new Thai capital. It was situated on the west bank of Chao Phraya, which at present is Bangkok city. This was the darkest period of Thai history. Following this dark phase was the Early Chakri period. Chakri who was a powerful general came into power in the year 1782. He moved the Thai capital from Thon Buri to a tiny village called \u2018Bangkok\u2019. It was during his reign that kingdom consolidated various smaller kingdoms and the Thai boundaries reached till modern day Laos and Cambodia. The kingdom\u2019s expansion and rule came to a standstill till 1851. [PAR] The reign of King Mongkut is believed to open up new avenues for Thailand in regard to the western world. Treaties were signed between Thailand and Britain, France, USA and many other European countries. This was a great advantage and connected Thai economy to the western monetary system."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ichiro Suzuki | Japanese baseball player | Britannica.com Ichiro Suzuki | Japanese baseball player | Britannica.com [PAR] Japanese baseball player [PAR] Ichiro Suzuki, (born October 22, 1973, Kasugai , Japan), professional baseball player, the first nonpitcher to shift from Japanese professional baseball to the American major leagues. [PAR] Ichiro Suzuki, 2006. [PAR] AP [PAR] Suzuki played baseball from an early age. Upon finishing high school, he was drafted by the Orix Blue Wave of the Japanese Pacific League (see also Japanese baseball leagues ). He saw limited action during his first two seasons, because his manager disliked the young player\u2019s unorthodox batting style\u2014a sort of pendulum motion created by kicking the front foot back and then striding forward with the swing. In 1994 a new manager gave Suzuki a starting spot on the team and let him swing the way he liked. He responded in amazing fashion, lifting his batting average to .400 during the season and finishing at .385\u2014the second best batting mark in the history of Japanese baseball. He collected 210 hits, a record for one season. Through 2000 he won seven consecutive Pacific League batting titles, posted a career average of .353, and led his team to two pennants. He was not a power hitter, but his speed and bat control were unmatched. He was also considered among the top outfielders, with the strongest, most accurate throwing arm in the league. Suzuki threw right-handed but batted left-handed. [PAR] By 2000 Suzuki had established himself as the best baseball player in Japan and had begun his quest for stardom in the United States . He spent two weeks in the Seattle Mariners \u2019 1999 spring training camp as part of a U.S.-Japan player exchange. A Japanese player in an American lineup was no longer quite the rarity it once had been; several Japanese pitchers, most notably Hideo Nomo and Hideki Irabu, had crossed the Pacific to play in the major leagues. Suzuki became the first nonpitcher to make the transition when he signed a three-year contract with the Mariners in November 2000. Because pitchers in the United States threw harder than their Japanese counterparts, some observers believed that Japanese hitters would struggle at the plate. [PAR] Suzuki made his major league debut with the Mariners on April 2, 2001. He answered his critics with a stellar season, capturing the American League (AL) Rookie of the Year award and a Gold Glove. His batting average in the 2001 regular season was .350, and it was .421 in the postseason games. In 2004 Suzuki broke George Sisler \u2019s 84-year-old record for most hits in a single season, ending the year with 262 hits and a .372 batting average. Five years later, in 2009, he became the all-time leader in hits by a Japanese player, with 3,086 for his career in both Japan and the United States, and later in the year he recorded his 2,000th major league hit, reaching that plateau faster than any other player in history except Al Simmons. He collected more than 200 hits\u2014and was named to the AL All-Star team\u2014in each of his first 10 seasons with the Mariners. Not only did his 10 200-hit seasons tie Pete Rose \u2019s all-time record, they also set the mark for most consecutive years in which a player reached the 200-hit plateau. [PAR] Britannica Stories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which mountains separate France and Spain? - GridClub Which mountains separate France and Spain? [PAR] Science and Technology [PAR] Which mountains separate France and Spain? [PAR] The Pyrenees stretch for about 300 miles (500 km) from the Bay of Biscay in the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. This mountain range forms a natural boundary between France and Spain. The highest point is Pico d'Aneto at 3,404 metres."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a ... How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a Game of Backgammon | uk.QACollections.com [PAR] How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a Game of Backgammon [PAR] How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the Start of a Game of Backgammon? [PAR] Each Player as 15 counters in a Backgammon. The counters are also known as checkers, draughts, stones, men or chips. Backgammon is one of the oldest board games, with archaeological evidence up to ... Read More \u00bb [PAR] Related Videos [PAR] Top Q&A For: How Many Counters Does Each Player Have at the ... [PAR] How Many Counters in Backgammon? [PAR] Backgammon has thirty pieces, or fifteen for each of the two players. The pieces in Backgammon are also known as checkers, draughts, pieces, men, stones or counters. [PAR] How Many Senators Does Each State Have? [PAR] Each state is represented by two senators. Each senator is given six years senate terms. According to the law, no person shall be a senator who have not attained the age of thirty. [PAR] Where to Buy Backgammon Game Sets? [PAR] Backgammon can be a fun and exciting game for the whole family to enjoy. When choosing a Backgammon set to buy, you will want to shop from a place that gives you a variety of options in style, desi... Read More \u00bb [PAR] http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_4557155_where-buy-backgammon-game-sets.html [PAR] How Many Calories Should a Man Have Each Day? [PAR] A man's daily calorie intake is influenced by his age and activity levels, as well as his weight and other health factors. If you are trying to lose weight, you'll obviously need to intake fewer ca... Read More \u00bb[DOC] [TLE] Backgammon FAQ: Basic Rules Backgammon FAQ: Basic Rules [PAR] Backgammon FAQ [PAR] Q: What is backgammon? [PAR] Backgammon is a game played by two players, each with fifteen checkers , on a board consisting of 24 narrow triangles called point . The players move their checkers around the board according to rolls of the dice and the first player to get all their checkers off is the winner. The fun comes from hitting and blocking your opponent's checkers to impede their progress. [PAR] Backgammon is a game of odds and calculation, but it's also a game of patterns and vision. Because it is played with dice, many people think of backgammon as a gambling game. Backgammon is often played for money, but it is certainly not a game of luck. There is a surprising amount of skill in the game. [PAR] Backgammon is an easy game to learn. It's fast-actioned, and fun to play either face-to-face on a real board or over the Internet. You will spend many enjoyable years learning and improving at this game. [PAR] \"Backgammon is an easy game to play, but not easy to play well.\" \u0097Daniel Murphy [PAR] \"People think the game consists primarily of math\u0097calculating odds and so forth. That's not true. It's essentially a game of patterns, a visual game, like chess.\" \u0097Paul Magriel [PAR] \"It's a game of skill and luck. When I win I can claim it's due to my good skill. When I lose I can claim it's due to my bad luck.\" \u0097David Forthoffer [PAR] A backgammon board . [PAR] Thirty counters or checkers in two colors, fifteen of the same color for each player. [PAR] A pair of dice numbered from 1 to 6. For convenience, two pairs of dice (one pair for each player) is best. [PAR] A dice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonnie Tyler | New Music And Songs Bonnie Tyler | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Bonnie Tyler [PAR] About Bonnie Tyler [PAR] Before her well-known collaborations with Meat Loaf producer Jim Steinman, Welsh-born singer Bonnie Tyler (born Gaynor Hopkins) performed off and on in her homeland with the R&B band Mumbles; nodules on her vocal cords prevented her from singing full-time until 1976, when she underwent an operation to have them removed. The surgery left her with a raspy, husky voice that proved an effective instrument and drew notice from writer/producers Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe, who became her managers. Tyler scored a number three hit with their \"It's a Heartache\" in 1978, but became dissatisfied as the two attempted to steer her into country music. When her contract ran out, she signed with CBS and sought Steinman out, hoping for material with his trademark epic sound. She got it with the ballad \"Total Eclipse of the Heart,\" which was recorded with E Street Band members Max Weinberg on drums and Roy Bittan on keyboards, plus guitarist Rick Derringer and backing vocalist Rory Dodd. The song spent four weeks at number one on the Billboard charts and helped the LP Faster Than the Speed of Night sell over a million copies and debut at number one in the U.K., where the title track also became a hit. [PAR] Tyler then recorded \"Holding Out for a Hero\" for the blockbuster Footloose soundtrack, which to date has remained her last major success. She went on to work with Todd Rundgren and Desmond Child and recorded the European hit album Bitterblue in 1991 for a German label, which featured contributions from Nik Kershaw, Harold Faltermeyer, and Giorgio Moroder. In 1996, she released Free Spirit on Atlantic Records to little attention. With her popularity still high throughout Europe, Tyler continued to record albums, including 1999's All in One Voice, 2004's Simply Believe, and 2005's Wings. In 2012, some seven years after her last release, Tyler announced that she was recording a new album in Nashville. The country-rock-inspired Rocks and Honey appeared in early 2013. Prior to the album's release, Tyler also announced that she would be the U.K.'s entry in the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest. ~ Steve Huey, Rovi[DOC] [TLE] Bonnie Tyler - Biography - IMDb Bonnie Tyler - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bonnie Tyler [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 32 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (11) | Personal Quotes (15) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 3\" (1.6 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Born on June 8, 1951 in Skewen, Neath, Wales. She first came to prominence in 1976 with the song, \"Lost in France\", which made the UK top 10. Following a throat operation, she inadvertently developed her distinct singing voice. She had a transatlantic top 5 hit with \"It's a Heartache\" in 1978. [PAR] She hit the big time when she became the first Welsh singer to have a transatlantic #1 hit with Jim Steinman 's \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\" (1983), for which she was Grammy nominated. The accompanying album \"Faster than the Speed of Night\" also entered the UK Album chart at #1. [PAR] She has found it hard to repeat the success, but recorded \"Holding Out for a Hero\" (US #34/UK #2) in 1985 from the Footloose (1984) soundtrack. In 2004 she recorded the Total Eclipse song in French, and it went to #1 in France! [PAR] She remains active in the music industry having toured all over the world, including"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Dean - Biography - IMDb James Dean - Biography - IMDb [PAR] James Dean [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 152 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (110) | Personal Quotes (26) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] James Byron Dean was born February 8, 1931 in Marion, Indiana, to Mildred Marie (Wilson) and Winton A. Dean, a farmer turned dental technician. His mother died when Dean was nine, and he was subsequently raised on a farm by his aunt and uncle in Fairmount, Indiana. After grade school, he moved to New York to pursue his dream of acting. He received rave reviews for his work as the blackmailing Arab boy in the New York production of Gide 's \"The Immoralist\", good enough to earn him a trip to Hollywood. His early film efforts were strictly bit parts: a sailor in the Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis overly frantic musical comedy Sailor Beware (1952); a GI in Samuel Fuller 's moody study of a platoon in the Korean War, Fixed Bayonets! (1951) and a youth in the Piper Laurie - Rock Hudson comedy Has Anybody Seen My Gal (1952). [PAR] He had major roles in only three movies. In the Elia Kazan production of John Steinbeck 's East of Eden (1955) he played Caleb, the \"bad\" brother who couldn't force affection from his stiff-necked father. His true starring role, the one which fixed his image forever in American culture, was that of the brooding red-jacketed teenager Jim Stark in Nicholas Ray 's Rebel Without a Cause (1955). George Stevens ' filming of Edna Ferber 's Giant (1956), in which he played the non-conforming cowhand Jett Rink who strikes it rich when he discovers oil, was just coming to a close when Dean, driving his Porsche Spyder race car, collided with another car while on the road near Cholame, California on September 30, 1955. He had received a speeding ticket just two hours before. James Dean was killed almost immediately from the impact from a broken neck. He was 24. His very brief career, violent death and highly publicized funeral transformed him into a cult object of apparently timeless fascination. [PAR] Light brown hair greased back [PAR] Impulsive emotional acting style [PAR] Known for playing well-meaning but deeply troubled characters [PAR] The red jacket, white T-shirt and blue jeans from Rebel Without a Cause (1955) [PAR] Trivia (110) [PAR] Chosen by Empire magazine as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (#42) (1995). [PAR] Ranked #33 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. [October 1997] [PAR] The famous Failure Analysis Associates, from Menlo Park, California, reconstructed and recreated all details of the accident at the same approximate time on September 30 and have concluded that James Dean was travelling 55 to 56 mph when the fateful accident occurred, thereby proving he had not been speeding, as rumor had it. [PAR] Most of his so-called affairs with various starlets were made up by the Warner Brothers public relations. He did have love affairs with Pier Angeli and Liz Sheridan . [PAR] He also worked as a \"stunt tester\" on the game show Beat the Clock (1950), testing the safety of the stunts that some of the studio audience members would later perform. However, he proved so agile at completing the stunts that his results could not be used to set time limits for contestants to complete them. So he was reluctantly released."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Edward VIII BBC - History - Edward VIII [PAR] z [PAR] Edward VIII \u00a9 The only British sovereign to abdicate voluntarily, Edward stepped down in 1936 to marry the American divorcee Wallis Simpson. He was king for less than a year. [PAR] Edward was born on 23 June 1894 in Richmond, Surrey, the eldest child of the duke of York. He was always known in his family as David, one of many middle names. In 1910, Edward's father became George V and Edward, prince of Wales. He joined the Grenadier Guards in World War One, although he was not allowed to see active service. Throughout the 1920s, Edward undertook extensive foreign tours particularly in the empire, representing his father. These tours, together with Edward's visits to areas of high unemployment and deprivation in Britain during the economic depression of the early 1930s, made Edward very popular. [PAR] Edward had affairs with a number of married women in the 1920s, but then met and fell in love with Wallis Simpson, the wife of an American businessman. In January 1936, George V died and Edward became king. In October, Wallis Simpson was granted a divorce from her husband, and it became clear that the new king wished to marry her, against the advice of many of his advisors who did not believe that Edward, as head of the Church of England, should marry a divorced woman. All attempts to find a solution failed and so, on 10 December, Edward signed an instrument of abdication. The following day, after broadcasting to the nation and the empire to explain his actions, he left for Europe. Edward's brother became George VI. [PAR] In June 1937, Edward married Wallis Simpson and the couple were given the titles of duke and duchess of Windsor. For the next two years they lived mainly in France. On a visit to Germany in 1937, they had a controversial meeting with Adolf Hitler. After the outbreak of war, Edward was appointed governor of the Bahamas. He remained in this post until the end of the war, when he and the duchess returned to France. [PAR] In the remaining years of his life, the duke paid only short visits to England to attend the funerals of family members, and there continued to be much bitterness between the duke and his family. Edward died of throat cancer on 28 May 1972 in Paris, and was buried near Windsor.[DOC] [TLE] King Edward VIII Abdicated for Love - About.com Education King Edward VIII Abdicated for Love [PAR] King Edward VIII Abdicated for Love [PAR] 1930 - 1939 [PAR] King Edward VIII Abdicated for Love [PAR] Wallis, Duchess of Windsor (1896-1986) and the Duke of Windsor (1894-1972) outside Goverment House in Nassau, the Bahamas. (circa 1942). (Photo by Ivan Dmitri/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images) [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 31, 2016. [PAR] King Edward VIII did something that monarchs do not have the luxury of doing - he fell in love. King Edward was in love with Mrs. Wallis Simpson, not only an American, but also a married woman already once divorced. However, in order to marry the woman he loved, King Edward was willing to give up the British throne - and he did, on December 10, 1936. [PAR] To some, this was the love story of the century. To others, it was a scandal that threatened to weaken the monarchy. In reality, the story of King Edward VIII and Mrs. Wallis Simpson never fulfilled either of these notions; instead, the story is about a prince who wanted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bones of the Ear - Anatomy Pictures and Information Bones of the Ear - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Home > Skeletal System > Bones of the Head and Neck > Bones of the Ear [PAR] Bones of the Ear [PAR] The bones of the ear, also known as the auditory ossicles, are the three smallest bones in the human body. These bones play an important role in the sense of hearing by transmitting sounds to the inner ear. [PAR] Anatomy [PAR] The three auditory ossicles \u2013 the malleus, incus, and stapes \u2013 are tiny bones found in the middle ear. Each bone is named in Latin for its shape: [PAR] Malleus means hammer or mallet [PAR] Incus means anvil [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Full Bones of the Ear Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . [PAR] The hammer-like malleus is the most lateral of the ossicles and has a large, rounded head on its superior end, which tapers to a narrow neck and handle on its inferior end. It is connected to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, at the handle and forms a synovial joint with the incus at the head. [PAR] The anvil-like incus is the middle ossicle that forms synovial joints with the malleus on its lateral side and the stapes on its medial side. The incus is widest where it meets the malleus and tapers to a thinner projection known as the lenticular process where it meets the stapes. [PAR] The stirrup-shaped stapes is the smallest ossicle with a hollow space in the middle. The stapes begins with a tiny cylindrical head where it meets the incus before splitting into two parallel columns of bone known as the anterior and posterior crus. These columns end suddenly at the flat, oblong base that rests within the oval window and conducts sounds into the inner ear. [PAR] Physiology [PAR] The main function of the auditory ossicles is the conduction of sounds to the inner ear where they transduced into nerve signals and sent onward to the brain. Sound waves entering the ear pass through the auditory canal of the outer ear and trigger vibrations in the tympanic membrane. These vibrations are conducted into the malleus, which is connected to the tympanic membrane through its handle region. The malleus conducts its vibrations into the incus through its synovial joint and the incus likewise conducts vibrations into the stapes. Finally, the vibrations of the stapes push its base back and forth through the oval window to form new waves in the endolymph of the inner ear. [PAR] The secondary function of the auditory ossicles is the attenuation of sound waves to control the volume of sounds reaching the inner ear. A pair of skeletal muscles, the tensor tympani and stapedius, contract to reduce the vibration of the malleus and stapes in response to loud sounds. Sound attenuation is very important in daily life by limiting the sounds produced during chewing and the sound of one\u2019s own voice while talking. [PAR] Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor[DOC] [TLE] 1d. 3. The Auditory Ossicles - Bartleby.com X. The Organs of the Senses and the Common Integument. 1d. 3. The Auditory Ossicles. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. [PAR] 2 [PAR] The head (capitulum mallei) is the large upper extremity of the bone; it is oval in shape, and articulates"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"Bunny\" IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"Bunny\" [PAR] Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"Bunny\" [PAR] 1-50 of 343 names. [PAR] Courteney Cox [PAR] Courteney Cox was born on June 15th, 1964 in Birmingham, Alabama, into an affluent Southern family. She is the daughter of Courteney (Bass) and Richard Lewis Cox (1930-2001), a businessman. She was the baby of the family with two older sisters (Virginia and Dottie) and an older brother, Richard, Jr. She was raised in an exclusive society town, Mountain Brook, Alabama. Courteney was the archetypal daddy's girl, and therefore was understandably devastated when, in 1974, her parents divorced, and her father moved to Florida. [PAR] She became a rebellious teen, and did not make things easy for her mother, and new stepfather, New York businessman Hunter Copeland. Now, she is great friends with both. She attended Mountain Brook High School, where she was a cheerleader, tennis player and swimmer. In her final year, she received her first taste of modeling. She appeared in an advert for the store, Parisians. Upon graduation, she left Alabama to study architecture and interior design at Mount Vernon College. After one year she dropped out to a pursue a modeling career in New York, after being signed by the prestigious Ford Modelling Agency. She appeared on the covers of teen magazines such as Tiger Beat and Little Miss, plus numerous romance novels. She then moved on to commercials for Maybeline, Noxema, New York Telephone Company and Tampax. [PAR] While modeling, she attended acting classes, as her real dream and ambition was to be an actress. In 1984, she landed herself a small part in one episode of As the World Turns as a young d\u00e9butante named Bunny. Her first big break, however, was being cast by Brian De Palma in the Bruce Springsteen video \"Dancing in The Dark\". In 1985, she moved to LA to star alongside Dean Paul Martin in Misfits of Science . It was a flop, but a few years later, she was chosen out of thousands of hopefuls to play Michael J. Fox 's girlfriend, psychology major Lauren Miller in Family Ties . [PAR] In 1989, Family Ties ended, and Cox went through a lean spell in her career, featuring in unmemorable movies such as Mr. Destiny with Michael Caine . Fortunes changed dramatically for Cox, when in 1994, she starred alongside Jim Carrey in the unexpected hit Ace Ventura: Pet Detective , and a year later she was cast as Monica Geller on the hugely successful sitcom Friends . It was this part that turned her into an international superstar and led to an American Comedy Award nomination. In 1996 Cox starred in Wes Craven 's horror/comedy Scream . This movie grossed over $100 million at the box office, and won Cox rave reviews for her standout performance as the wickedly bitchy and smug TV reporter Gale Weathers. She went on to play this character again in each of the three sequels. Not only did her involvement in this movie lead to critical acclaim, but it also led to her meeting actor husband David Arquette . He played her on-screen love interest Dewey, and life imitated art as the two fell in love for real. Their wedding took place in San Francisco, at the historic Grace Cathedral atop Nob Hill, on June 12th, 1999. Joined by 200 guests, including Cox's film star friends Liam Neeson and Kevin Spacey , the happy couple finally became Mr. and Mrs. Arquette. [PAR] Lea Thompson [PAR] Lea Katherine Thompson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr Feelgood - Nostalgia Central Dr Feelgood [PAR] Dr Feelgood [PAR] by \u2022 Artists - D , Music - 1970s \u2022 Tags: Pub rock [PAR] Although they never strayed from their gritty R&B based sound, Dr Feelgood was a fixture of England's Pub Rock scene since the early 70s. [PAR] While they were comparative latecomers to the scene - not playing their first London pub gig until July 1973 - they burst out of Canvey Island (Essex) like a force nine gale, and it wasn't long before they were showing everybody else how it was done. [PAR] The secret of their success lay not so much in their music - a sharply defined beat group R&B which harked straight back to the early Stones and The Pretty Things - but in their image and attitude, both built on naked aggression. [PAR] Plus, in singer Lee Brilleaux and guitarist Wilko Johnson - zig-zagging around the stage like a broken Dalek - they boasted two bona fide gold-plated stars (the NME would later dub them 'the new Jagger and Richards'.) They also had a brutally effective rhythm section called Sparko and The Big Figure, who looked like debt collectors . . . [PAR] The Feelgoods signed to United Artists late in the summer of 1974 and recorded their first album, Down By The Jetty, with the late Vic Maile producing. Its black and white sleeve and apparently mono sound mix captured the band's musical character perfectly. It was ultimately their live album, Stupidity, which was to rocket them to the top of the charts in 1976. [PAR] Dr Feelgood constantly travelled England, playing to sold-out clubs across the country - venues where rough rock & roll bands could pound out R&B, pop and simple three-chord rock. [PAR] With their devoted following, they proved that these clubs were profitable and helped pave the way for the success of punk rock in England. Punk bands played the same bars and clubs that Dr Feelgood, Brinsley Schwarz and other pub rockers played in the early 70s. [PAR] Without Dr Feelgood, Stiff Records would not have existed either. Vocalist and harmonica wizard Lee Brilleaux stumped up the original \u00a3400 that Jake Riviera used to found the label. [PAR] In 1977, amid much acrimony, Wilko Johnson - Pete Townshend to Brilleaux's Roger Daltrey, the songwriter, the Moody One - was fired from the band. He was replaced by Hammersmith-born John 'Gypie' Mayo. [PAR] Outside songwriters like Mickey Jupp and Nick Lowe took up some of the slack and the Feelgoods started having hits like She's A Wind-Up, Milk And Alcohol and Down At The Doctors - the latter famed for Brilleaux's off-hand announcement: \"Eight bars on the pianna\", followed immediately by an eight-bar bass and drum break. [PAR] Gradually the hits slowed down. Mayo left, replaced by US expatriate and bar-band veteran Johnny Guitar, and then - virtually in mid-tour - the backroom stalwarts, Figure and Sparko, also flew the coop. [PAR] Over the years the band's line-up changed frequently, with Lee Brilleaux (pictured at right) the only constant member. Brilleaux's energy never diminished as he got older - his consistently vibrant live performances were the reason why Dr Feelgood was such a concert draw. [PAR] Even though he had been performing for twenty years, Brilleaux remained a force to be reckoned with when he was on stage, right until his untimely death. [PAR] I once had the absolute pleasure of meeting Lee Brilleaux at a party in Sydney, Australia. It was the mid 80s and Dr Feelgood had just finished a series of gigs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Curtis Cup Golf Match (USA vs. Great Britain & Ireland) Curtis Cup Golf Match (USA vs. Great Britain & Ireland) [PAR] Updated June 12, 2016. [PAR] About the Curtis Cup: [PAR] The Curtis Cup Match is contested every two years by teams of female amateurs representing the United States and Great Britain & Ireland (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Ireland). The sanctioning bodies are the United States Golf Association and Ladies Golf Union, and those organizations select the respective teams. Each team consists of eight golfers. [PAR] The Curtis Cup was first played in 1932, and is named after sisters Harriot and Margaret Curtis, who combined for four victories in the U.S. Women's Amateur. The Curtis sisters donated the trophy for the competition. [PAR] The U.S. leads the series, 28-8-3. [PAR] View All Curtis Cup Results [PAR] Curtis Cup Format [PAR] Beginning in 2008, the Curtis Cup assumed a Ryder Cup-style format, with foursomes, four-balls and singles play. Day 1 and Day 2 feature three foursomes and three four-balls each day, with eight singles matches concluding play on Day 3. One point is awarded the side of the winning golfer in each match; if matches are tied at the conclusion of 18 holes, each golfer earns a half-point for her team. If the Curtis Cup Match itself concludes in a tie, the team that held the cup entering the competition retains it. [PAR] Curtis Cup Records [PAR] U.S. leads Great Britain & Ireland, 28-8-3 [PAR] Most Curtis Cups Played [PAR] GB&I - 9, Mary McKenna (1970-72-74-76-78-80-82-84-86) [PAR] U.S. - 12, Carol Semple Thompson (1974-76-80-82-88-90-92-94-96-98-2000-02) [PAR] Largest Winning Margin, 18-Hole Match [PAR] Singles - 9 and 8, Margaret Smith, U.S., def. Philomena Garvey, GB&I, 1956 [PAR] Foursomes - 8 and 6, Carol Sorenson/Barbara Fay White Boddie, U.S., def. Bridget Jackson/Susan Armitage, GB&I, 1964 [PAR] Undefeated and Untied in Curtis Cup Play [PAR] (Minimum 4 matches) [PAR] Barbara Fay White Boddie, 4-0-0 [PAR] Claire Doran, U.S., 4-0-0 [PAR] Trish Johnson, GB&I, 4-0-0 [PAR] Dorothy Kielty, U.S., 4-0-0 [PAR] Most Overall Match Wins in Curtis Cup [PAR] 18 - Carol Semple Thompson, U.S. [PAR] 11 - Anna Quast Sander, U.S. [PAR] 10 - Mary McKenna, GB&I [PAR] 10 - Phyllis Preuss, U.S. [PAR] Who Is the Curtis Cup Named After? [PAR] The Curtis Cup is named after the Curtis sisters, Harriot and Margaret. The official name of the trophy awarded to the winning team is \"The Women's International Cup,\" but everyone knows it as the Curtis Cup. [PAR] Harriot Curtis and Margaret Curtis were two of the best women golfers in the early days of organized women's tournament play in the United States. Harriot won the 1906 U.S. Women's Amateur Championship. In the finals of the 1907 Women's Am, Margaret defeated Harriot, then Margaret won again in 1911-12. [PAR] In 1927, hoping to spur the USGA and Ladies Golf Union (LGU) to establish such a USA vs. Great Britain & Ireland competition for amateur women golfers, Harriot and Margaret commissioned the creation of a trophy, a silver cup. That trophy is today what we call the Curtis Cup. [PAR] It was another five years before the trophy was awarded, however, first presented at the inaugural Curtis Cup Match in 1932. [PAR] Margaret died in 1965 and Harriot in 1974. The Curtis Cup Match has been played twice at the Curtis sisters' club, Essex County Club in Manchester, Mass., 1938 and 2010. [PAR] Curtis Cup Trivia and Match Notes [PAR] Several false starts at a Curtis Cup-style competition were made, dating to 1905, before Glenna Collett Vare started championing the idea in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australia's Wartime Prime Ministers - Curtin University Australia's Wartime Prime Ministers [PAR] [PAR] Five Prime Ministers served Australia during the war years. Explore the stories of those who worked for them. [PAR] On 26 April 1939, Robert Menzies was sworn in as the 12th Prime Minister of Australia, after he had been elected leader of the United Australia Party. Arthur Fadden followed Menzies on 29 August 1941 but after his coalition government lost majority support in the House of Representatives, John Curtin became Prime Minister on 7 October 1941. Following Curtin\u2019s death on 5 July 1945, the Deputy Prime Minister Frank Forde acted as Prime Minister until the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party elected Ben Chifley as its new leader. Chifley was sworn in as Prime Minister on 13 July 1945. [PAR] Four of the five Prime Ministers who led Australia during the Second World War dining together. [PAR] John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. Records of the Curtin Family. Five Australian Prime Ministers dine, 1942. Fadden, Hughes, Curtin, Menzies and Chifley. JCPML00376/90"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Airlines find in Argentina: Aerolineas Argentinas, LATAM ... Airlines find in Argentina: Aerolineas Argentinas, LADE Lineas Aereas del Estado, Sol L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas, Andes L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas, LATAM Argentina [PAR] LATAM Argentina (Argentina) [PAR] 4M; Airports: Miami International Airport, FL, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza International Airport, Buenos Aires, New York - John F. Kennedy International Airport, NY, New York (JFK, EWR, LGA, JRB), Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, T, Houston - George Bush Intercontinental Airport, TX, Punta Cana International Airport"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who named the gates of Central Park? | Ephemeral New York Who named the gates of Central Park? | Ephemeral New York [PAR] The \u201cUndesirables\u201d sent back from Ellis Island \u00bb [PAR] Who named the gates of Central Park? [PAR] When Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux were just about done building Central Park in the early 1860s, there was one more thing to consider: the entrances. [PAR] While rich New Yorkers desired grand, ornate gates like in the urban parks in London and Paris, Olmsted and Vaux opted for low sandstone openings\u2014symbolizing an accessible city refuge that would be open to all. [PAR] They chose names for the 20 planned entrances that referenced who would use the park, reports an 1864 Harper\u2019s article: [PAR] \u201cThe first broad generalization will be something like this: Artisan, Artist, Merchant, Scholar. Descending to subdivision of these heads we shall have Cultivator or Agriculturalist, Hunter, Fisherman, Woodman, Minor, Mariner, Warrior, Engineer, Inventor, Explorer.\u201d [PAR] Actually almost all did end up as official names, though most weren\u2019t carved into the sandstone entrances until the 1990s. [PAR] Women\u2019s Gate is at 72nd Street and Central Park West; Scholars\u2019 Gate at Fifth Avenue and 60th Street. A complete list is here. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Like Loading... [PAR] Related [PAR] Tags: Artists' Gate , building Central Park , Calvert Vaux , central park , Central Park entrances , Frederick Law Olmstead , gates to Central Park , New York in the 1860s , Scholars Gate , Strangers' Gate , Women's Gate [PAR] This entry was posted on May 15, 2010 at 3:07 am and is filed under central park , Random signage . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response , or trackback from your own site. [PAR] 26 Responses to \u201cWho named the gates of Central Park?\u201d [PAR] May 15, 2010 at 3:47 am | Reply [PAR] Having put quite a bit of study into this there are some interesting misunderstandings about the Gates out there. The Greensward Map, published and sold by the Greensward Foundation, has a few of the gates misplaced or misnamed, calling the Gate of All Saints the Prophets Gate, and adding the entirely fictitious Students Gate. Several places online list the entrance to the Conservatory Garden as the Vanderbilt Gate, though there is no sign for it, and I can find no evidence of it ever being called that. A commemorative booklet quoting Olmstead\u2019s reasoning behind each occupation, published and distributed in 1926 by the Central Park Association calls the Warriors Gate the Army and Navy Gate. My personal favorite is the press release for Christo\u2019s \u201cGates\u201d instillation refers to the gates and names an Emigrants Gate and an Explorers Gate, neither of which exist. [PAR] wildnewyork [PAR] May 15, 2010 at 1:42 pm | Reply [PAR] Olmstead: \u201cThe city, although metropolitan by position, is cosmopolitan in its associations and sympathies, and is ever ready to extend a courteous welcome to all peaceably disposed \u201cStrangers\u201d or \u201cForeigners\u201d who may be led by inclination or business to spend their time within its boundaries; this welcome being offered, however, not merely a matter or courtesy but as a recognition of that fact that it is highly important, both to the general and particular interests of the whole nation, that its cities should be visited, and its institutions studied and comprehended by intelligent and industrious travelers from other countries, for by such means only can unworthy prejudices be removed, and incorrect estimates rectified.\u201d [PAR] Quoted in the 1926 pamphlet I mentioned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Anzac Day tradition | Australian War Memorial The Anzac Day tradition | Australian War Memorial [PAR] The Anzac Day tradition [PAR] Features of a commemorative ceremony [PAR] What is Anzac Day? [PAR] Anzac Day, 25 April, is one of Australia\u2019s most important national occasions. It marks the anniversary of the first major military action fought by Australian and New Zealand forces during the First World War. [PAR] What does ANZAC stand for? [PAR] ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers in those forces quickly became known as Anzacs, and the pride they took in that name endures to this day. [PAR] Why is this day special to Australians? [PAR] When war broke out in 1914 Australia had been a federated nation for only 13 years, and its government was eager to establish a reputation among the nations of the world. When Britain declared war in August 1914 Australia was automatically placed on the side of the Commonwealth. In 1915 Australian and New Zealand soldiers formed part of the expedition that set out to capture the Gallipoli peninsula in order to open the Dardanelles to the allied navies. The ultimate objective was to capture Constantinople (now Istanbul), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, an ally of Germany. [PAR] The Australian and New Zealand forces landed on Gallipoli on 25 April, meeting fierce resistance from the Ottoman Turkish defenders. What had been planned as a bold stroke to knock Turkey out of the war quickly became a stalemate, and the campaign dragged on for eight months. At the end of 1915 the allied forces were evacuated from the peninsula, with both sides having suffered heavy casualties and endured great hardships. More than 8,000 Australian soldiers had died in the campaign. Gallipoli had a profound impact on Australians at home, and 25 April soon became the day on which Australians remembered the sacrifice of those who died in the war. [PAR] Although the Gallipoli campaign failed in its military objectives, the actions of Australian and New Zealand forces during the campaign left a powerful legacy. What became known as the \u201cAnzac legend\u201d became an important part of the identity of both nations, shaping the ways in which they viewed both their past and their future. [PAR] Early commemorations [PAR] In 1916 the first Anzac Day commemorations were held on 25 April. The day was marked by a wide variety of ceremonies and services across Australia, a march through London, and a sports day in the Australian camp in Egypt. In London more than 2,000 Australian and New Zealand troops marched through the streets; a London newspaper headline dubbed them \u201cthe knights of Gallipoli\u201d. Marches were held all over Australia; in the Sydney march convoys of cars carried soldiers wounded on Gallipoli and their nurses. For the remaining years of the war Anzac Day was used as an occasion for patriotic rallies and recruiting campaigns, and parades of serving members of the AIF were held in most cities. [PAR] During the 1920s Anzac Day became established as a national day of commemoration for the more than 60,000 Australians who had died during the war. In 1927, for the first time, every state observed some form of public holiday on Anzac Day. By the mid-1930s all the rituals we now associate with the day \u2013 dawn vigils, marches, memorial services, reunions, two-up games \u2013 were firmly established as part of Anzac Day culture. [PAR] Later, Anzac Day also served to commemorate the lives of Australians who died in the Second World War, and in subsequent years the meaning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Lion , The Witch, and The Wardrobe ... SparkNotes: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe: Character List [PAR] The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe [PAR] C. S. Lewis [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Aslan - The king and god of Narnia. The noble lion sacrifices his life so that the Witch will spare Edmund. After being resurrected the next morning, Aslan rises and defeats the White Witch once and for all. In the context of the book's Christian allegory, Aslan represents Christ. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Aslan. [PAR] The White Witch - This evil queen of Narnia places a spell on the land so that it is winter and never Christmas. The Witch is the \"Emperor's hangman,\" as Mr. Beaver says, and she has the right to kill any Narnian traitor. She wields a wand that turns creatures and people to stone. The wand also produces the Turkish Delight that enslaves Edmund and makes him greedy. The Witch kills Aslan, and it is only after he rises from the dead that he defeats her. Like any malicious character, the Witch, an embodiment of evil, could represent Satan, or she may be a servant of Satan. \"She calls herself the Queen of Narnia thought she has no right to be queen at all, and all the Fauns and Dryands and Naiads and Dwarfs and Animals\u2014at least all the good ones\u2014simply hate her.\" [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of The White Witch. [PAR] Peter Pevensie - Peter is the oldest of the Pevensie children, and he is noble and courageous. He matures into a young man during his first few days in Narnia. He immediately proves himself after protecting Susan from a ferocious wolf. Aslan knights him, and eventually crowns him the High King of Narnia. During his reign he is known as King Peter the Magnificent. [PAR] Susan Pevensie - The second oldest of the Pevensie children, Susan is the beauty among the Pevensies. She is sweet and kind, and perhaps a little bland. Santa Claus gives her a horn to blow if she ever finds herself in a dangerous situation. When she becomes queen at Cair Paravel, she is known as Queen Susan the Gentle. [PAR] Edmund Pevensie - The third oldest Pevensie child, Edmund is a brat for most of The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe. Edmund is spiteful and mean, and likes to tease his sister, Lucy. His greed for the enchanted Turkish Delight leads him to act as a traitor against his siblings. Edmund joins forces with the White Witch, but eventually sees the error of his ways and returns to the good side. [PAR] Lucy Pevensie - The youngest Pevensie is cheerful, kind, and brave. This curious, happy-go-lucky girl is the first of the children to venture into Narnia. Later, she urges her siblings to search for her friend, Tumnus, when they find that the faun's home is ransacked. In the beginning, she is the protagonist, although Aslan fills that role later in the novel. We view much of the action through her optimistic eyes, as a foil to the skeptical eyes as Edmund. Santa Claus gives Lucy a cordial, which she uses to heal the wounded following the battle with the Witch's troops. She is known as Queen Lucy the Valiant. [PAR] Tumnus - Lucy meets Tumnus, a faun, on her first excursion into Narnia. He initially intends to kidnap her and bring her to the White Witch. Tumnus does not go through with it, and he spares her life. For his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Virgin of the Rocks. - Italian Renaissance Art The Virgin of the Rocks [PAR] Renaissance Blog [PAR] The Virgin of the Rocks. [PAR] It seems strange that in The Virgin of the Rocks we see two complete versions of a subject from an artist who failed to finish so many of his commissions. Leonardo's Louvre version of 1483/1486 is the earlier of the two works while the National Gallery painting is dated 1495/1508. [PAR] Both paintings are oil on panel but the Louvre version has been transferred to canvass. The painting may have suffered some damage during the transfer process but it's condition is now stable. [PAR] The Leonardo exhibition at the National Gallery in London (Leonardo da Vinci, Painter at the Court of Milan) displayed these two works together in the same room for the first time ever. Although never achieving the same monumental impression gained by seeing the works in the flesh, I have placed images of the paintings side by side so that direct comparisons of the similarities and differences can be made. [PAR] The Virgin of the Rocks was commissioned (not long after Leonardo's move to Milan) by the Franciscan Confraternity in the Church of San Francesco Grande. Leonardo was assisted by two local artists, the Predis brothers, their task was to create an altarpiece for the recently completed chapel dedicated to the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. The Predis brothers completed two side panels while da Vinci painted the centre panel. [PAR] Shortly after the altarpiece was finished the artists became embroidered in a dispute about payment resulting in the artists threatening to sell the work to a rival bidder. It is likely that this dispute resulted in the making of the second version of the Virgin of the Rocks, the one now in the National Gallery in London, and in fact it was the London Virgin that was placed in the chapel in San Francesco Grande. The original Paris version was quickly sold to an art lover soon after completion. [PAR] The Virgin or the Rocks. Leonardo da Vinci. (s) [PAR] 199 \u00d7 122 cm, 78.3 \u00d7 48.0 Louvre, Paris. [PAR] The Virgin of the Rocks. Leonardo da Vinci. (s) [PAR] 189.5 \u00d7 120 cm, 74.6 \u00d7 47.25 National Gallery, London. [PAR] The subject of the paintings is a legendary meeting between the infant Jesus and John the Baptist on the flight into Egypt. The Madonna is at the centre of the composition with Jesus seated with the angel Uriel his arm raised in blessing, John's hands are seen clasped in prayer. [PAR] Personal Opinion :- [PAR] I have seen both of these paintings and don't really have a favourite, although the London version seems to be more tightly finished than the one in the Louvre, I like them both. [PAR] How's that for sitting on the fence? [PAR] The brushwork and contrast between light and dark (chiaroscuro) is typical Leonardo and standing before these paintings you do feel the power and the presence of the great artist. It really is shiver up the spine time! [PAR] Enjoy.\ufeff [PAR] The Side Panel Musician Angels. [PAR] Angel playing the Violin. [PAR] Ambrogio de Predis, oil on wood, 118.7 x 61cm. [PAR] National Gallery, London (s) [PAR] These are the two side panels of the Altarpiece, the Angel with the Violin is the left panel and the Lute playing Angel is the right panel. The Angel in Green's attribution to the Predis brothers, Ambrogio and Evangelista, has been disputed in recent times. Possible candidates for the work include Marco d' Oggiono and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: An Ideal Husband: Character List SparkNotes: An Ideal Husband: Character List [PAR] An Ideal Husband [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Note: Critics often describe Wilde's characters as one-dimensional. This uni-dimensionality is on the one hand an effect of Wilde's borrowing from stock characters of the popular theater and, as discussed in the Context, his emphasis on artifice on the other. Notably, with regards to the latter, Wilde introduces his characters through playful references to art objects and aesthetic stereotypes. We will report on his characters accordingly. [PAR] Sir Robert Chiltern - Sir Robert is the play's \"tragic\" hero, a government official who owes his success and fortune to secret scandal. As the stage notes indicate, Sir Robert is a \"personality of mark\" with a manner of impeccable distinction; the contrast between his chiseled jaw and romantic eyes suggests a violently willed separation of thought and emotion in his personality. Sir Robert suffers from certain divided loyalties as well. Extremely ambitious, Sir Robert remains tied, even at present, to his mentor Baron Arnheim' s gospels of wealth and power, gospels that emphasize the domination of others over all else. On the other hand, love has driven him to hide his past in the desperate hope of remaining the ideal husband to his wife. Conscious of what his success has c ost him, Sir Robert suffers from a decidedly nervous and harried temperament. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Sir Robert Chiltern. [PAR] Lady Gertrude Chiltern - A woman of grave Greek beauty and twenty-seven years of age, Lady Chiltern embodies the Victorian new woman: upright, virtuous, educated, politically engaged, and active in her husband's career. She is the play's sentimental heroine, a sort of moral absol utist who worships her ideal husband and cannot brook the revelation of his secret past. In terms of Wilde's other plays, Lady Chiltern recalls the puritanical Lady Windermere. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Lady Gertrude Chiltern. [PAR] Mrs. Cheveley - One of the play's wittiest and most well dressed characters, Mrs. Cheveley is the vicious and opportunistic villainness, a disciple of the deceased Baron Arnheim who values wealth and power above all. She stands as foil to the virtuous and earnest Lady Ch iltern, being cast throughout the play as a sort of monstrous femme fatale. Notably, Mrs. Cheveley is continuously imagined as the product of \"horrid combinations\" that evoke her duplicity. To take a few examples of how the play constructs her dou ble-dealing: one character in Act I describes her as the \"unnatural\" union of daytime genius and nighttime beauty. More viciously, Act III describes her as lamia-like\u2014that is, reminiscent of a female demon, half woman and half snake. One could perha ps draw parallels between Mrs. Cheveley and the adventuresome Mrs. Erlynne from Lady Windermere's Fan. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Mrs. Cheveley. [PAR] Lord Goring - Of impeccable dress and inimitable wit, Lord Goring is the play's thirty-something dandified philosopher, an idle aristocrat who serves as a thinly veiled double for Wilde himself. Irreverent, wry, and dangerously clever, Goring \"plays with the world\" and in doing so rejects ideals of duty, respectability, and responsibility. As with Wilde's other dandies, he functions as a figure for modern art of living and the aestheticist creed, particularly in his encounters with his stuffy father, Lord Caversham . Expounding a philosophy of love and forgiveness, Goring also figures as savior and helpmate to the Chilterns, teaching Lady Chiltern in particular of the dangers in idealizing one's husband. In terms of Wilde's other plays, Goring recalls the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Forgotten Assassin: Ram\u00f3n Mercader, The Man Who Murdered ... Forgotten Assassin: Ram\u00f3n Mercader, The Man Who Murdered Leon Trotsky [PAR] Forgotten Assassin: Ram\u00f3n Mercader, The Man Who Murdered Leon Trotsky [PAR] 02/18/13 AT 10:24 AM [PAR] Close [PAR] Lee Harvey Oswald, Gavrilo Princip, Nathuram Godse and Sirhan Sirhan comprise the most famous assassins of political figures in the 20th century. Their murderous acts not only changed history but also guaranteed them everlasting infamy and a kind of immortality. [PAR] However, some prominent assassins have become forgotten in the mists of time -- one of them was born 100 years ago in Barcelona, Spain. [PAR] Jaime Ram\u00f3n Mercader del R\u00edo, a Spanish communist and agent for Russia\u2019s notorious NKVD intelligence agency, murdered Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky in Mexico City in 1940 under orders from Joseph Stalin. [PAR] [[nid:1091296]] [PAR] Trotsky, once one of the most powerful and influential members of the Russian Communist Party and founder and leader of the Red Army, grew dismayed by the rising power of Stalin in the 1920s in the wake of Vladimir Lenin\u2019s death. Sensing a dire threat to his supremacy, Stalin removed Trotsky from power in 1927, forced him out of the party and deported him in 1929 to Turkey, where he remained for four years near Istanbul. [PAR] After brief (and harried) stays in France and Norway, the heavily guarded Trotsky eventually moved to Mexico, where he continued to oppose Stalin and his policies -- a stance that marked him for death. [PAR] Trotsky wrote prolifically in Mexico, including a book titled \u201cThe Revolution Betrayed,\u201d a vitriolic attack on Stalinism. (This period coincided with the Great Terror in Russia, whereby Stalin purged tens of thousands of former communist party members, including sham trials, imprisonment and execution of many of Trotsky\u2019s former Bolshevik allies.) [PAR] However, Trotsky\u2019s years in Mexico were not entirely unpleasant -- he and his family resided in the Coyoac\u00e1n neighborhood of Mexico City, where he became intimate with married painters Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo. (Trotsky and Frida even had an affair.) [PAR] But Trotsky was living on borrowed time. [PAR] Enter Jamie Mercader. [PAR] Mercader\u2019s Cuban-born mother, Eustaquia Mar\u00eda Caridad del R\u00edo Hern\u00e1ndez, who raised him alone in France, was an ardent communist and fanatical Stalinist who fought in the Spanish Civil War and also worked for the Soviet underground. [PAR] Caridad hailed from a wealthy and aristocratic landowning family in Cuba, while her husband, Pau Mercader, was a rich Catalan industrialist whom she quickly grew bored with and divorced. (As it turns out, \u201cMercader\u201d means \u201cmerchant\u201d in Catalan.) [PAR] Growing up in France, Mercader embraced his mother\u2019s ideology, then worked for various leftist organizations in Spain and eventually came to the attention of NKVD recruitment officer Nahum Eitingon, who took him to Moscow to train as a Soviet agent. [PAR] Mercader\u2019s road to his fateful encounter with Trotsky took some unexpected turns. While studying at the Sorbonne in Paris, he met Sylvia Ageloff, an American friend of Trotsky. As a Soviet spy, Mercader pretended he was Jacques Mornard, the son of a Belgian diplomat and a Trotskyite. Handsome, well-groomed and fluent in French and English, Mercader made a perfect spy for the Soviets. [PAR] The following year, Mercader followed Ageloff to the U.S., where he assumed the false identity of a Canadian name Frank Jacson. [PAR] By October 1939, Mercader moved (with his now-lover Ageloff) to Mexico City, where Trotsky and his family were living in exile. Trotsky had already survived prior assassination attempts by other Soviet agents. One of those agents, a man named Pavel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dustin Putman's Review: Anger Management (2003 ... Dustin Putman's Review: Anger Management (2003) - [TheMovieBoy] [PAR] Anger Management (2003) [PAR] Directed by Peter Segal [PAR] Cast: Adam Sandler, Jack Nicholson, Marisa Tomei, John Turturro, Luis Guzman, Allen Covert, Lynne Thigpen, Heather Graham, Woody Harrelson, Krista Allen, January Jones, Kevin Nealon, John C. Reilly, Harry Dean Stanton, Lori Heuring, Kurt Fuller, Rudolph W. Giuliani, Clint Black [PAR] 2003 \u0096 101 minutes [PAR] (for crude sexual content and language). [PAR] Reviewed by Dustin Putman, April 12, 2003. [PAR] Notwithstanding Paul Thomas Anderson's challenging 2002 film, \" Punch-Drunk Love ,\" Adam Sandler has been known to play one of two different types of characters, each surrounded by the same basic plot conventions and a tried-and-true love interest. Sandler's normal, sweet-guy roles have unquestionably been more successful, such as his best picture, 1998's \"The Wedding Singer\" (opposite Drew Barrymore), 1999's \" Big Daddy \" (Joey Lauren Adams), and 2002's \" Mr. Deeds \" (Winona Ryder), while his more goofy, mean-spirited parts have fallen flat, as in 1995's \"Billy Madison\" (Bridgette Wilson), 1998's \" The Waterboy \" (Fairuza Balk), and 2000's \" Little Nicky \" (Patricia Arquette). Despite falling into the former, statistically more promising category, \"Anger Management\" goes against the odds to place as one of Sandler's weaker, more slapdash efforts. [PAR] This time, Sandler is paired with not only Marisa Tomei (2001's \" In the Bedroom \"), but Jack Nicholson (2002's \" About Schmidt \"), an acting legend who automatically gives the film a level of prestige it doesn't deserve. Despite the talent involved, director Peter Segal (2000's \" Nutty Professor II: The Klumps \") and screenwriter David Dorfman let all the respective parties down, offering no one the kind of high-level comedic material they deserve. There is the occasional laugh in \"Anger Management,\" to be sure, but it is an undoubted certainty that each and every funny moment can be accounted to the performers' skills, rather than to standout or original writing. [PAR] David Buznik (Adam Sandler), a soft-spoken and mild-mannered ad executive for animal products with a sweet girlfriend named Linda (Marisa Tomei), is the epitome of bland kindness. When a misunderstood argument occurs on a plane trip, David suddenly finds himself sentenced to anger management sessions, taught by the wildly unorthodox Dr. Buddy Rydell (Jack Nicholson). And when a second misconstrued run-in with the law leaves David facing jail time, he instead agrees to allow Buddy to move in with him, acting as his psychiatrist for the next thirty days. As Buddy sets out to \"cure\" David, David suddenly finds his world turned upside down by the doctor's irrational and outrageous methods. [PAR] With the unlikely pairing of Adam Sandler and Jack Nicholson, \"Anger Management\" had what it took to create genuine comic hilarity out of their differing personalities, but chooses not to take advantage of it. As the put-upon David, Adam Sandler plays\u0097well\u0097one of his most restrained characters to date, but there is not a hint of complexity in him. As for Dr. Buddy Rydell, who in one of the film's brighter scenes forces himself into David's bed only to forwardly confess that he likes \"to sleep in the nude,\" Jack Nicholson slums through the proceedings, given little more to do than exaggerate his famous eyebrow-raising mannerism. [PAR] In the inevitable romantic subplot, Marisa Tomei\u0097who, when given the chance, can give extraordinarily nuanced performances\u0097is the movie's biggest missed opportunity. Tomei, who won an Academy Award for her unforgettably hilarious turn in 1992's \"My Cousin Vinny,\" has such sharp comic timing that it is nearly a criminal act"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake - body, water, process, Earth, life, plants, type ... Lake - body, water, process, Earth, life, plants, type, chemical, form [PAR] Lake [PAR] Lake [PAR] Lakes are inland bodies of standing water. Although millions of lakes are scattered over Earth's surface, most are located in higher latitudes and mountainous areas. Canada alone contains almost 50 percent of the world's lakes. Lakes can be formed by glaciers, tectonic plate movements, river and wind currents, and volcanic or meteorite activity. Some lakes are only seasonal, drying up during parts of the year. [PAR] The study of lakes, ponds, and other freshwater bodies is called limnology (pronounced lim-NOL-o-gee). Although ponds are considered small, shallow lakes, there is one important difference between the two bodies of water: temperature. Ponds generally have a consistent temperature throughout, whereas lakes have various temperature layers, depending on the season. [PAR] The Great Lakes of the United States and Canada are the world's largest system of freshwater lakes. Lake Superior, the northernmost of the Great Lakes, is the world's largest freshwater lake with an area of 31,820 square miles (82,730 square kilometers). Lake Titicaca in the Andes Mountains on the border between Peru and Bolivia is the world's highest large freshwater lake at 12,500 feet (3,800 meters) above sea level. [PAR] Some freshwater lakes become salty over time, especially in arid regions. Because the water in these lakes evaporates quickly, the salt from inflowing waters reaches a high concentration. Among the world's greatest salt lakes are the Caspian Sea, Dead Sea, and Great Salt Lake. Covering an area of about 144,000 square miles (372,960 square kilometers), the Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world. At 1,292 feet (394 meters) below sea level, the Dead Sea is the lowest lake in the world. [PAR] Origins of lakes [PAR] Most lakes on Earth were formed as a result of glacier activity. Earth's glacial ice formed and extended into what is now Canada, the northernmost United States, and northern Europe. As the heavy, thick ice pushed along, it created crevices by scouring out topsoil and even carving into bedrock (the solid rock that lies beneath the soil). Glacial growth peaked about 20,000 years ago, after which time the ice slowly began to melt. As the ice melted, the glaciers retreated, but the basins formed by glaciers remained and filled with water from the melting glaciers. [PAR] Movements of Earth's crust, water, and wind can also form lakes. The moving of the plates that compose Earth's crust (called tectonic activity) often forms basins, especially along fault lines (where plates meet and move against each other). These basins or depressions fill with water, forming lakes such as Lake Baikal in Siberia. [PAR] Words to Know [PAR] Blowout: Lake basin created in coastal or arid region by strong winds shifting sand. [PAR] Caldera: Volcanic crater that has collapsed to form a depression greater than 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) in diameter. [PAR] Eutrophication: Natural process by which a lake or other body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients, spurring aquatic plant growth. [PAR] Limnology: Study of lakes, ponds, and other freshwater bodies. [PAR] Oxbow lake: Lake created when a loop of a river is separated from the main flow by gravel, sand, and silt deposits. [PAR] Solution lake: Lake created when groundwater erodes bedrock, resulting in a sinkhole. [PAR] Turnover: Mixing and flip-flopping of the differing temperature layers within a lake. [PAR] Water currents and land erosion by water form oxbow and solution lakes. Oxbow lakes are created when winding rivers such as the Mississippi change course, carrying water through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gerald Ford vs James Buchanan - U.S. Presidents Comparison Gerald Ford vs James Buchanan - U.S. Presidents Comparison [PAR] Millard Fillmore [PAR] Issues [PAR] Ideology scores for these presidents are adapted from the VoteMatch political philosophy quiz developed by OnTheIssues.org . For each president, OnTheIssues has collected votes, excerpts from speeches, press releases, and other public statements related to each question and then scored them using a methodology that attempts to assign a liberal or conservative viewpoint. [PAR] Scores closer to -10 generally mean that a president has a more liberal viewpoint, while scores closer to +10 mean a president has a more conservative viewpoint. Scores of 0 mean either that there is not enough public data to assign an opinion to a president or a president's statements are too neutral to describe a viewpoint. [PAR] Individual Rights [PAR] Domestic Policy [PAR] Domestic Politics [PAR] Gerald Ford inherited a presidency presiding over a much-troubled nation. The wounds of the Vietnam War had not yet begun to heal, President Nixon's Watergate scandal had made a mockery of once-respected institutions, and the American standard of living was being steadily eroded by runaway inflation. Ford's task was made all the more difficult by a combative Congress elected in 1974. The Watergate Class, almost exclusively Democratic, fought Ford on nearly every matter. The president was reduced to governing by veto: sixty-six times he exercised his veto power. Only twelve were overridden. His Whip Inflation Now (WIN) crusade failed badly. [PAR] At his inauguration, Buchanan made his position clear: states should decide the legality of slavery within their borders. Two days later, the Supreme Court handed down a decision on a slave named Dred Scott, who argued that his residence in a free state made him a free man. The court disagreed, claiming that Scott was a piece of property without the rights of citizenship. One implication of the court's decision was that slavery could not be excluded from any U.S. territories. Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 as an opponent of slavery's expansion prompted South Carolina and six other states to secede and form the Confederacy while Buchanan was still in office, before Lincoln was even inaugurated. The lame duck Buchanan tried to appease the South to no avail. [PAR] Domestic Accomplishments [PAR] Presided over the worst economy in the four decades since the Great Depression, with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. His Whip Inflation Now (WIN) crusade urging the public to rein in spending and consumption failed badly [PAR] Controversially granted a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal [PAR] Signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, which established special education throughout the United States [PAR] Effectively presided over the dissolution of the Union by failing to deal with secessionary forces and pinning his hopes on the legal system to resolve the slavery issue.To further complicate the issue, the Dred Scott decision, which held that slavery could not be excluded from any US territories, was handed down by the Supreme Court two days after Buchanan's inauguration [PAR] Presided over the \"Bleeding Kansas\" political confrontation between anti-slavery Free-Soilers and pro-slavery settlers. Buchanan's pro-slavery position led to an ugly rift with northern Democratic leader Stephen A. Douglas [PAR] Sent the Army to depose Mormon Governor of the Utah Territory Brigham Young in the belief that the Mormons were in open rebellion against the US [PAR] Was stymied in his legislative agenda by the ascension of Republicans to power in the House of Representatives in 1858, the beginning of his term [PAR] GDP"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yukon | history - geography - territory, Canada ... Yukon | history - geography - territory, Canada | Britannica.com [PAR] territory, Canada [PAR] Seats in House of Commons [PAR] 1 (of 308) [PAR] Time zone [PAR] Pacific (GMT \u2212 8 hours) [PAR] Yukon, formerly Yukon Territory, territory of northwestern Canada , an area of rugged mountains and high plateaus. It is bounded by the Northwest Territories to the east, by British Columbia to the south, and by the U.S. state of Alaska to the west, and it extends northward above the Arctic Circle to the Beaufort Sea . The capital is Whitehorse . [PAR] Yukon. [PAR] Five Finger Rapids on the upper Yukon River, Yukon, Can. [PAR] E. Otto/Comstock [PAR] The mineral wealth of Yukon has been known since the famous Klondike gold rush of the later 1890s, but the combination of an Arctic climate and remoteness from markets has limited the economic exploitation of such resources and the development of modern settlement. Instead, the territory remains among the few frontiers on the North American continent, a sparsely populated and largely unspoiled wilderness. Area 186,272 square miles (482,443 square km). Pop. (2011) 33,897. [PAR] Page 1 of 5 [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] flag history (in flag of Yukon ) [PAR] physical geography [PAR] Yukon - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] The northwesternmost corner of Canada is Yukon, a territory famous for its gold rush of the 1890s. Yukon shares more than 650 miles (1,040 kilometers) of border with its U.S. neighbor Alaska on the west and also borders the Beaufort Sea on the north, the Northwest Territories on the east, and British Columbia on the south. Its area is 186,661 square miles (483,450 square kilometers). Whitehorse, the capital and only city, is home to some two thirds of Yukon\u2019s people. Dawson and Watson Lake are the largest towns. Population (2011) 33,897. [PAR] Article Contributors [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: June 01, 2012 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Yukon-territory [PAR] Access Date: January 06, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Whitehorse, Yukon Map, Attractions, Facts, Latitude ... Whitehorse, Yukon Map, Attractions, Facts, Latitude, Longitude, Links, Travel, Weather [PAR] Whitehorse,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of Adriatic Sea - World Seas, Adriatic Sea Map ... Map of Adriatic Sea - World Seas, Adriatic Sea Map Location Facts - World Atlas [PAR] Map of Adriatic Sea - World Seas, Adriatic Sea Map Location Facts [PAR] Adriatic Sea [PAR] The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea positioned between the eastern coastline of Italy, and countries of the Balkan Peninsula, from Slovenia, south through Croatia. Montenegro, and to Albania. [PAR] The southern boundary of the sea ends in the Strait of Otranto between Albania and Italy's Salento Peninsula. Immediately south of that strait the Ionian Sea begins. [PAR] The distance from Brindisi to Venice is 685 km (426 mi), and from Ancona to Split is 228 km (142 mi). The sea is about 805 km (500 mi) in length, with an estimated area of 135,250 sq km (52,220 sq mi). [PAR] Ancona, Bari, Brindisi, Dubrovnik, Rijeka, Split and Venice are its chief ports and the sea is well served by regional ferries."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Zoroastrian: At a Glance BBC - Religions - Zoroastrian: At a Glance [PAR] At a Glance [PAR] Last updated 2009-10-02 [PAR] This page provides an overview of Zoroastrian beliefs, which can be summed up by 'Good thoughts, good words, good deeds'. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Zoroastrianism at a glance [PAR] Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago. [PAR] For 1000 years Zoroastrianism was one of the most powerful religions in the world. It was the official religion of Persia (Iran) from 600 BCE to 650 CE. [PAR] It is now one of the world's smallest religions. In 2006 the New York Times reported that there were probably less than 190,000 followers worldwide at that time. [PAR] Zoroastrians believe there is one God called Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord) and He created the world. [PAR] Zoroastrians are not fire-worshippers, as some Westerners wrongly believe. Zoroastrians believe that the elements are pure and that fire represents God's light or wisdom. [PAR] Ahura Mazda revealed the truth through the Prophet, Zoroaster. [PAR] Zoroastrians traditionally pray several times a day. [PAR] Zoroastrians worship communally in a Fire Temple or Agiary. [PAR] The Zoroastrian book of Holy Scriptures is called The Avesta. [PAR] The Avesta can be roughly split into two main sections: [PAR] The Avesta is the oldest and core part of the scriptures, which contains the Gathas. The Gathas are seventeen hymns thought to be composed by Zoroaster himself. [PAR] The Younger Avesta - commentaries to the older Avestan written in later years. It also contains myths, stories and details of ritual observances. [PAR] Zoroastrians are roughly split into two groups: [PAR] The Iranians[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Zoroastrian: Worship BBC - Religions - Zoroastrian: Worship [PAR] Worship [PAR] Purification [PAR] Zoroastrians are not fire-worshippers, as some Westerners wrongly believe. Zoroastrians believe that the elements are pure and that fire represents God 's light or wisdom. [PAR] Zoroaster placed less emphasis on ritual worship, instead focusing on the central ethics of 'Good Words, Good Thoughts and Good Deeds'. [PAR] Zoroastrian worship is not prescriptive. Its followers can choose whether they wish to pray and how. [PAR] Communal worship is usually centred around seasonal festivals (of which the Zoroastrians have many), but there are other opportunities for worshipers to gather, such as the Navjote , the initiation ceremony where a child is accepted into the Zoroastrian fellowship. [PAR] A prayer room at the Harrow Zoroastrian Centre \u00a9 [PAR] Prayers [PAR] Zoroastrians traditionally pray several times a day. Some wear a kusti, which is a cord knotted three times, to remind them of the maxim, 'Good Words, Good Thoughts, Good Deeds'. They wrap the kusti around the outside of a sudreh, a long, clean, white cotton shirt. They may engage in a purification ritual, such as the washing of the hands, then untie and then retie it while reciting prayers. [PAR] Prayers are primarily invocational, calling upon and celebrating Ahura Mazda and his good essence that runs through all things. Prayers are said facing the sun, fire or other source of light representing Ahura Mazda's divine light and energy. [PAR] Purification is strongly emphasised in Zoroastrian rituals. Zoroastrians focus on keeping their minds, bodies and environments pure in the quest to defeat evil (Angra Mainyu). Fire is seen as the supreme symbol of purity, and sacred fires are maintained in Fire Temples (Agiaries). These fires represent the light of God (Ahura Mazda) as well as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a baby bobcat called? | Reference.com What is a baby bobcat called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a baby bobcat called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] According to the Defenders of Wildlife, a baby bobcat is called a kitten. A typical bobcat litter, born in an isolated den, has one to six kittens. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The kittens, born in the spring, nurse for about two months and then start eating solid foods. After five months, a mother starts teaching her young how to hunt for themselves because, once they leave the den, bobcats live alone. Kittens remain in the den until they reach eight to 11 months of age. At this time, the mother forces them out and away from the area she has claimed. As solitary animals, the young bobcats generally hunt small animals, such as rabbits, rodents, birds and bats.[DOC] [TLE] Bobcats, Bobcat Pictures, Bobcat Facts - National Geographic Bobcats, Bobcat Pictures, Bobcat Facts - National Geographic [PAR] 11 to 30 lbs (5 to 14 kg) [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] The bobcat is the most abundant wildcat in the U.S. and has the greatest range of all native North American cats. [PAR] Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man: [PAR] Bobcats are elusive and nocturnal, so they are rarely spotted by humans. Although they are seldom seen, they roam throughout much of North America and adapt well to such diverse habitats as forests, swamps, deserts, and even suburban areas. [PAR] Bobcats, sometimes called wildcats, are roughly twice as big as the average housecat. They have long legs, large paws, and tufted ears similar to those of their larger relative, the Canada lynx. Most bobcats are brown or brownish red with a white underbelly and short, black-tipped tail. The cat is named for its tail, which appears to be cut or \"bobbed.\" [PAR] Diet [PAR] Fierce hunters, bobcats can kill prey much bigger than themselves, but usually eat rabbits, birds, mice, squirrels, and other smaller game. The bobcat hunts by stealth, but delivers a deathblow with a leaping pounce that can cover 10 feet (3 meters). [PAR] Population [PAR] Bobcats are solitary animals. Females choose a secluded den to raise a litter of one to six young kittens, which will remain with their mother for 9 to 12 months. During this time they will learn to hunt before setting out on their own. [PAR] In some areas, bobcats are still trapped for their soft, spotted fur. North American populations are believed to be quite large, with perhaps as many as one million cats in the United States alone."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben Jonson - Westminster Abbey Ben Jonson - Westminster Abbey [PAR] History [PAR] Ben Jonson [PAR] Ben Jonson, dramatist and poet, is the only person buried in an upright position in Westminster Abbey. [PAR] He was born on 11 June 1572 but little is known about his parents. The family was of Scottish descent and his father became a clergymen. He was educated at Westminster School at the expense of one of the masters there, William Camden, and later possibly attended St John's College, Cambridge. He went into trade as a bricklayer for a short time (his stepfather's occupation). In Flanders he fought with the English troops there and on returning to London he married, but no children survived him. He became an actor and playwright. In 1598 he killed a fellow actor in a duel but escaped hanging and was imprisoned as a felon for a short time. This incident does not seem to have affected his reputation. His play Every Man in his Humour included Shakespeare in its cast. Jonson was a well-known writer of masques and a tutor to Sir Walter Raleigh's son. He became Poet Laureate in 1619 (although it was not a formal appointment). [PAR] Burial [PAR] Jonson always seemed to be poor, in spite of gifts from royalty, and he died in great poverty in August 1637 in a house near the Abbey. One story says that he begged \"eighteen inches of square ground in Westminster Abbey\" from King Charles I. Another story says that one day, being railed by the Dean of Westminster about being buried in Poets' Corner, the poet is said to have replied \"I am too poor for that and no one will lay out funeral charges upon me. No, sir, six feet long by two feet wide is too much for me: two feet by two feet will do for all I want\". \"You shall have it\" said the Dean. So Jonson was buried standing on his feet in the northern aisle of the Nave and not in Poets' Corner. At this period the design on the Nave floor included several lines of stones measuring eighteen inches square (the rest being in a lozenge pattern), to which Jonson was obviously referring in his conversation with the Dean. [PAR] The simple inscription \"O Rare Ben Johnson\", was said to have been cut at the expense of Jack Young who was walking by when the grave was covered and gave the mason eighteen pence to inscribe it. The inscription has also been ascribed to Sir William D'Avenant, Jonson's successor as Poet Laureate, on whose own gravestone in the Abbey the words \"O Rare...\" also appear. Jonson's original stone was moved in the l9th century to the base of the wall opposite the grave to preserve it when the whole nave floor was re-laid and many larger gravestones taken away. His grave site is today marked with a small grey lozenge stone, just to the east of the brass to John Hunter. The inscription is the same as on the original stone although Ben himself always used the form Jonson. In 1849, the place was disturbed by a burial nearby and the clerk of works saw the two leg bones of Jonson fixed upright in the sand and the skull came rolling down from a position above the leg bones into the newly made grave. There was still some red hair attached to it. It was seen again when Hunter's grave was dug. [PAR] Monument [PAR] A monument to Jonson was erected in about 1723 by the Earl of Oxford"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Don't look back \u2013 the hospital gown is getting a makeover ... Don't look back \u2013 the hospital gown is getting a makeover | Life and style | The Guardian [PAR] Don't look back \u2013 the hospital gown is getting a makeover [PAR] Designer Ben de Lisi, best known for his catwalk frocks, is to redesign the common hospital gown [PAR] One of the more flamboyant designs of hospital gown available in the US. [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] It isn't the fabric that's the problem \u2013 my most recent hospital experience involved a pleasantly patterned white-and-blue number. Nor the length or shapelessness of the hospital gown (at least the bagginess offers a kind of disguise). The real problem, of course, is what goes on behind your back. Women on Gok Wan's How To Look Good Naked receive hours, weeks, of tutoring before they acquire the mindset necessary to flash a backside to the public. In hospital, there is no such coaching and the exposure is unfortunately inadvertent. [PAR] \"The number of awful gowns I've had to hand out to \u00adpeople,\" \u00adlaments Ann Keen, health \u00administer, who worked as a nurse for 28 years. Now all that is changing. Fashion designer Ben de Lisi, best known for gowns of the red-carpet variety, is redesigning the common hospital gown, the result of a project instigated by the Department of Health in \u00adcollaboration with the \u00adDesign Council to improve \u00adpatient \u00adprivacy and dignity. \"Why would a designer noted for glamorous evening gowns be capable of \u00addesigning a hospital gown?\" De Lisi asks. He says he persuaded the Department of Health to let him try with sketches of an evening dress morphing into a night shirt. They were convinced, and next month his designs will be trialled in King's College \u00adHospital, London. [PAR] In fact, the hospital gown market has been growing for some time \u2013 and those keen to smarten up for a hospital visit need not wait for De Lisi's designs. In the US, the industry is thought to be worth $76m (\u00a349m), \u00adaccording to \u00adPremier Inc, an allliance of hospitals, and there are even hospital gown boutiques: for $50 you can waft around the ward in a printed one from hospitalgowns.com with a \"waterfall neckline. . . and \u00adhidden body cut for access to the mid-section\". As long as a decade ago, designer Nicole Miller anticipated De Lisi with a range of gowns for the Hackensack University Medical Centre in New Jersey \u2013 with stethoscopes printed all over. You see, it is possible to have fun in a hospital gown. [PAR] As for his new model, De Lisi is giving away few clues. \"The gown is unisex,\" he says. \"It has access points throughout the garment to the body. If someone is waiting on ward for a test or x-ray, their modesty is kept in check.\" But, he says firmly, \"It does not open up the back.\" [PAR] Perhaps these gowns may not feel so far from the red-carpet kind after all? \"Well,\" he says, \"there are similarities in the sense that it is one garment and it goes over the body. You could call it a hospital dress.\" It is also probably the closest most of us will get to wearing a red-carpet dress, complete with \"a label in the seam that says 'This is a Ben de Lisi design'.\"[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Patient privacy at heart of hospital redesign BBC News - Patient privacy at heart of hospital redesign [PAR] Patient privacy at heart of hospital redesign [PAR] By Anna-Marie Lever [PAR] Health"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Africa Provinces - Statoids South Africa Provinces [PAR] Buy data Donate [PAR] Updates: [PAR] I updated the populations to the 2011 census results as given in source [2]. Source [3] explained why the areas of the provinces have changed; I used the new areas in the main table below. [PAR] ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9 was published on 2007-11-28. It adds the names of the country, and of its divisions, in nine other South African languages. [PAR] We have another complicated situation in Pretoria. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality was created on 2000-12-05, by merging a number of smaller entities, including the Greater Pretoria Metropolitan Council. The new metropolitan municipality covers an area of about 3,200 km.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, including all of the city of Pretoria (and several others). The Pretoria City Council was downgraded to a local municipal council. Then on 2005-03-07 the municipal council voted to rename the capital to Tshwane. The South Africa Geographical Names Council approved this change of name on 2005-05-26. It will become official when approved by the Minister for Arts and Culture. (A partisan pro-Pretoria summary of the name change issues may be found in source [5], a legal brief.) [PAR] The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality is divided into 76 municipal wards, plus a few slivers of land not in any ward. It is also divided into a large number of townships, overlapping with the wards, with a lot of territory not in any township. I believe one of the wards, Pretoria Central, is the nucleus of the old Pretoria city, and will retain that name. Tshwane, originally after a native chief's name, has been the name used for Pretoria by some native groups for years. Local authorities also gloss it as Zulu for \"we are the same\". The name Pretoria was chosen to commemorate Andries Pretorius, reminding many citizens of the despised colonial past. [PAR] FIPS Publication Change Notice No. 9, affecting FIPS PUB 10-4, was issued on 2004-10-01. It shows the change of the name of Northern Province to Limpopo. [PAR] ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-6 was published on 2004-03-08. It shows the change of the name of Northern Province to Limpopo. ISO was notified of this change by the South African Department of Arts and Culture (the department in charge of geographic names) on 2003-11-05. ISO has changed the code for this province to ZA-LP. [PAR] Northern Province had already begun using its new name, Limpopo, by January, 2002. However, the province's Web site stated that \"The new name of the Province will become official after the amendment of section 103(1)(g) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. A request by the legislature has been submitted to Parliament for the necessary amendment to be submitted.\" The Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology must accept the name change for it to become official. That happened on 2003-06-11. [PAR] International standard ISO 3166-2 was published on 1998-12-15. It superseded ISO/DIS 3166-2 (draft international standard). The draft standard showed a division of South Africa into nine provinces, with a two-letter code for each. The final standard shows the same nine provinces, but four of their codes have been changed. The new set of codes is shown in the table below. [PAR] The book \"Administrative Subdivisions of Countries\" listed preliminary figures from the 1996 census, with a warning about the large margins of error. Statistics South Africa has released final data, corrected for undercount (source [6]). [PAR] Country overview: [PAR] Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein [PAR] [PAR] In 1900, the Boer republics of Orange Free State and Transvaal were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vitamin K | University of Maryland Medical Center Vitamin K | University of Maryland Medical Center [PAR] Other conditions that benefit from vitamin K include: [PAR] Excessive Bleeding [PAR] Vitamin K is used to reduce the risk of bleeding in liver disease, conditions where your body doesn\u2019t absorb enough vitamin K, or if you take antibiotics for a long time. [PAR] In the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, and many other countries, all newborns receive vitamin K injections to prevent the possibility of bleeding, particularly in the brain. Babies are born without any bacteria in their intestines and do not get enough vitamin K from breast milk to tide them over until their bodies are able to make it. [PAR] Even though vitamin K deficiency in newborns is very rare, it is dangerous enough that doctors give the injections. Newborns at greatest risk for vitamin K deficiency are premature or those whose mother had to take seizure medications during pregnancy. Mothers on seizure medications are often given oral vitamin K for 2 weeks before delivery. [PAR] Osteoporosis [PAR] Your body needs vitamin K to use calcium to build bone. People who have higher levels of vitamin K have greater bone density, while low levels of vitamin K have been found in those with osteoporosis. Similarly, some studies suggest that low levels of vitamin K are associated with a higher risk of osteoarthritis. [PAR] There is increasing evidence that vitamin K improves bone health and reduces the risk of bone fractures, particularly in postmenopausal women who are at risk for osteoporosis. In addition, studies of male and female athletes have also found that vitamin K helps with bone health. However, some studies have found that vitamin K didn\u2019t help with bone density. [PAR] Dietary Sources [PAR] Foods that contain a significant amount of vitamin K include beef liver, green tea, turnip greens, broccoli, kale, spinach, cabbage, asparagus, and dark green lettuce. Chlorophyll is the substance in plants that gives them their green color and provides vitamin K. [PAR] Freezing foods may destroy vitamin K, but heating does not affect it. [PAR] Available Forms [PAR] There are 3 forms of vitamin K: [PAR] Vitamin K1 or phylloquinone, the natural version of K1 and phytonadione, the synthetic type of K1 [PAR] Vitamin K2 or menaquinone [PAR] Vitamin K3 or menaphthone or menadione [PAR] Vitamin K1 is the only form available in the U.S. as a supplement. It is available as part of multivitamin complexes or alone, in 5 mg tablets. [PAR] Water-soluble chlorophyll is the most common form of vitamin K found over the counter. It is available in tablet, capsule, and liquid forms. [PAR] How to Take It [PAR] As with all supplements, check with a health care provider before taking vitamin K or giving it to a child. [PAR] People whose bodies can\u2019t absorb enough vitamin K, because of gallbladder or biliary disease, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, or Crohn's disease, will probably get more benefit from a multivitamin containing vitamin K than an individual vitamin K supplement. In certain circumstances, your doctor may give you a vitamin K shot. [PAR] The daily Adequate Intake for vitamin K is: [PAR] Pediatric [PAR] Infants birth - 6 months: 2 mcg [PAR] Infants 7 - 12 months: 2.5 mcg [PAR] Children 1 - 3 years: 30 mcg [PAR] Children 4 - 8 years: 55 mcg [PAR] Children 9 - 13 years: 60 mcg [PAR] Adolescents 14 - 18 years: 75 mcg [PAR] A single injection of vitamin K is also given at birth. [PAR] Adult [PAR] Men 19 years and older: 120 mcg"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Caloris Basin, Largest Crater on Surface of Mercury ... The Caloris Basin, Largest Crater on Surface of Mercury - Windows to the Universe [PAR] This is a mosaic of the caloris basin and its surrounding area. The Caloris Basin is closest to the sun when Mercury is at the closest point in its orbit to the sun. [PAR] Click on image for full size [PAR] NASA [PAR] The Caloris Basin [PAR] The Caloris Basin is the largest feature on the surface of Mercury. This crater was formed by the impact of a large meteorite in the early formation of the solar system. We only know what half of the crater looks like, because the other half was in darkness when Mariner 10 flew by the planet. Surrounding the impact site are concentric ridges within relatively smooth plains probably brought about by renewed volcanic activity which started after the impact. On the other side of the planet, directly across from the basin, is a region initially described as the \"weird\" terrain, where a chaotic mix of hills and fractures is present. This may have been produced in response to shock waves which traveled to this point on the surface following the Caloris Basin impact. [PAR] Shop Windows to the Universe Science Store! [PAR] Learn about Earth and space science, and have fun while doing it! The games section of our online store includes a climate change card game and the Traveling Nitrogen game ! [PAR] Windows to the Universe Community [PAR] News[DOC] [TLE] Craters in Caloris - Solar System Craters in Caloris [PAR] Craters in Caloris [PAR] Mercury Dual Imaging System - Narrow Angle [PAR] Produced by: [PAR] NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington [PAR] Copyright: [PAR] 1018 x 1024 [PAR] 702K [PAR] As MESSENGER sped by Mercury on January 14, 2008, the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) of the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) captured this image, which includes the edge of the planet against the blackness of space. Much of the foreground shows a portion of Caloris basin, one of the largest impact basins in the solar system. The two large craters near the bottom of this image can be identified on the northwestern floor of the basin on the mosaicked image of Caloris (see PIA10383 ) released at MESSENGER's NASA press conference on January 30. The large crater in the bottom middle of this image has a diameter of about 70 kilometers (40 miles). [PAR] Caloris basin is an area of particular interest to the MESSENGER science team, since understanding its formation can lead to insights about the nature of large impacts in the early solar system and the results of these catastrophic events. In a false-color image of Mercury (see VSS00093 ), also released on January 30, Caloris basin is visible in the northern hemisphere of the planet as a large, light-colored, roughly circular feature; the floor of the basin may have some differences in its composition compared with the darker surrounding surfaces. The two large craters shown in today's released image are each surrounded by a \"halo\" of dark material, like the craters shown in our release of February 21 (see PIA10602 ). The smaller of the two craters has an unusual pattern of bright, highly reflective material on its floor. The fact that both of these craters, which show different material characteristics, are located within Caloris basin provides information about the variety and complexity of processes that have shaped Mercury's surface. [PAR] Image Mission Elapsed Time (MET): 108826622 [PAR] These images are from MESSENGER, a NASA Discovery mission to conduct"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love Me Tender : 20th Century Fox 1956 - Elvis Presley Love Me Tender : 20th Century Fox 1956 : Elvis' Movies : 1956 Elvis Presley. : 'For Elvis Fans Only' Official Elvis Presley Fan Club [PAR] Love Me Tender - 20th Century Fox [PAR] Elvis' first movie, 'Love Me Tender'. [PAR] Love Me Tender premiered Nov. 15, 1956 at New York's Paramount Theater. [PAR] Love Me Tender is a western drama set immediately after the Civil War. In Elvis Presley's first film, he appears in the secondary role of Clint Reno. This was the only time in his acting career that Elvis received second billing. Clint, the youngest of the four Reno brothers, stayed behind to run the family farm during the war while his older brothers were off fighting for the Confederacy. [PAR] Star Richard Egan plays Vance Reno, the eldest brother whom the family believes to have been killed in battle. Upon returning home, Vance is shocked to discover that Clint has married Vance's former sweetheart, Cathy, played by Debra Paget. The love triangle, complicated by the greedy actions of some unscrupulous ex-Confederates, eventually pits brother against brother, resulting in Clint's death. The downbeat ending is tempered by the brothers' reconciliation as Clint dies in Cathy's arms. [PAR] Actor Richard Egan who played Vance Reno, older brother to Elvis' character, Clint, was a high ranking officer in the U.S. Army during W.W.II. He received a master's degree at Stanford and taught school at Northwestern before deciding to become an actor. He won a Golden Globe award in 1953 as Most Promising Male Newcomer. [PAR] Neville Brand played Mike Gavin, the man who shot and killed Elvis' character. [PAR] Brand had joined the Army in 1939, intending to make it his career, and became the fourth most decorated GI in World War II. While in the army he made his acting debut in army training films, which changed the direction of his life. Brand went on to play in 79 movie roles and 29 TV roles. His heavy features and gravel voice made him a natural tough guy. He would play gangster Al Capone in four different projects. [PAR] Mildred Dunnock played Elvis' mother. [PAR] Dunnock was nominated twice for the Best Supporting Actress Oscar - first for Death Of A Salesman (1951) and then for Baby Doll (1956). She was a schoolteacher before becoming a character actress. [PAR] Bruce Bennett played Major Kincaid. Bruce Bennett was his name as an actor. Before that he was known as Herman Brix, a silver medal winner for shot put in the 1928 Olympics. He was personally picked by Tarzan creator Edgar Rice Burroughs to follow in the footsteps of fellow Olympic stars Johnny Weissmuller and Buster Crabbe to play the role of Tarzan on the silver screen. He would go on to play in 119 movies. [PAR] Barry Coe, who played Mr. Davis, won a Golden Globe in 1959 as Most Promising Male Newcomer, nominated with Troy Donahue, George Hamilton and James Shigeta. Shigeta's greatest fame came with the film Flower Drum Song and he later co-starred with Elvis in the film ' Paradise, Hawaiian Style ' [PAR] Producer David Weisbart would go on to produce three more Elvis movies: ' Flaming Star ', ' Follow That Dream ' and ' Kid Galahad '. Weisbart's credits included producing Rebel Without A Cause (1955) and an Oscar nomination for Best Editing for Johnny Belinda (1948). [PAR] Writer Robert Buckner had won both a Writers Guild Of America award and a Golden Globe award for Bright Victory (1951) and had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The NATO Phonetic Alphabet - DISASTER HOME PAGE \ufffd\ufffd\u0011\u0871\u001a\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000\ufffd\ufffd 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NATO Phonetic Alphabet One way people communicate around the world is with the NATO Phonetic Alphabet. Use the chart below to spell out a \ufffdsecret\ufffd message. Or try using the letters during a phone call. Tango-Echo-Xray-Tango (Text) message, anyone? Lima-India-November-Delta-Alpha spells \ufffdLinda\ufffd Golf-Romeo-Alpha-November-Foxtrot-India-Echo-Lima-Delta spells \ufffdGranfield\ufffd Now spell your name! A-Alpha\u0007B-Bravo\u0007C-Charlie\u0007D-Delta\u0007E-Echo\u0007F-Foxtrot\u0007\u0007G-Golf\u0007H-Hotel\u0007I-India\u0007J-Juliet\u0007K-Kilo\u0007L-Lima (Lee-ma)\u0007\u0007M-Mike\u0007N-November\u0007O-Oscar\u0007P-Papa\u0007Q-Quebec\u0007R-Romeo\u0007\u0007S-Sierra\u0007T-Tango\u0007U-Uniform\u0007V-Victor\u0007W-Whiskey\u0007X-Xray\u0007\u0007Y-Yankee\u0007Z-Zulu\u0007\u0007\u0007\u0007\u0007\u0007 Note: NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Since 1949, this military alliance of nearly 30 European and North American countries has worked to safeguard the freedom and security of its member countries. 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x}r\ufffd\u0011x\u0010\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\u0015\ufffdw\ufffd\ufffd\u0001\ufffdr\ufffd:\\TZaG\ufffd*\ufffdy8I\ufffdj\ufffdbR\ufffd\ufffdc|X\u017b\ufffd\u0013\u01ff\ufffdI u3\u000fKG\ufffdnD 1\ufffd\u0018N\u0014\u000eIB\u0014\ufffds\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdR\ufffd\ufffdu\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdK>V\ufffd.E L+M2\ufffd#'\ufffdf\ufffd\ufffdi ~\ufffdV\ufffd \ufffdvl\ufffd{\u0007u8\ufffd\ufffdz\ufffd \ufffdH\ufffd \ufffd*\ufffd \u0012\ufffd\ufffd:\ufffd( W\ufffd \u2615 ~\u0003\ufffd\ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffdT\ufffde\\O*\ufffdtH\u0018G\ufffd\ufffdHY\ufffd\ufffd\u0000}KN\ufffd\ufffdP\ufffd*\u077e\u02e6\ufffd\ufffd\u0014\ufffd T\u047c\ufffd9/#\ufffd\ufffdA7\ufffdqZ\ufffd \ufffd$*c?\ufffd\u0007\u0010\ufffd\u0018\ufffdqU\u0005\ufffd\ufffdn\ufffd\ufffdw\ufffd\u0003N\u0016\ufffd\ufffd\u000e%\ufffd\ufffdO\ufffd\u0006\ufffdi\ufffd4 \u0010=3\u0011\u0015\ufffd\ufffdN\ufffd\u0013\ufffd\ufffd)\u001bcbJ \u0014u\ufffdV\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(Tn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 7\ufffd\ufffd\u0017_?\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdm-\u065b\ufffd{U\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdB\ufffd\bw\ufffd[DOC] [TLE] NATO phonetic alphabet - Military Wiki - Wikia NATO phonetic alphabet | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet . [PAR] FAA radiotelephony alphabet and Morse code chart [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet, more accurately known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet and also called the ICAO phonetic or ICAO spelling alphabet, as well as the ITU phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used spelling alphabet. Although often called \"phonetic alphabets\", spelling alphabets do not have any association with phonetic transcription systems, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet . Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned code words acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet so that critical combinations of letters and numbers can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of their native language or the presence of transmission static. [PAR] The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Some of the 26 words have altered pronunciations: Charlie can be either \"char-lee\" or \"shar-lee\", and Uniform is either \"you-nee-form\" or \"oo-nee-form\", neither of which is the English pronunciation of the word. Oscar is pronounced \"oss-cah\" and Victor as \"vik-tah\" without the 'r', even by people who would normally pronounce it. Papa is pronounced \"Pa-PAH\" with the accent on the second syllable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Conjugal - definition of conjugal by The Free Dictionary Conjugal - definition of conjugal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Conjugal - definition of conjugal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/conjugal [PAR] Related to conjugal: conjugal rights [PAR] con\u00b7ju\u00b7gal [PAR] Of or relating to marriage or the relationship of spouses. [PAR] [Latin coniug\u0101lis, from coni\u016bnx, coniug-, spouse, from coniungere, to join in marriage; see conjoin.] [PAR] con\u2032ju\u00b7gal\u2032i\u00b7ty (-g\u0103l\u2032\u012d-t\u0113) n. [PAR] con\u2032ju\u00b7gal\u00b7ly adv. [PAR] conjugal [PAR] (Sociology) of or relating to marriage or a married couple's relationship: conjugal rights. [PAR] [C16: from Latin conjug\u0101lis, from conjunx wife or husband, from conjungere to unite; see conjoin] [PAR] conjugality n [PAR] 1. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of marriage. [PAR] 2. of or pertaining to the relation of husband and wife. [PAR] [1535\u201345; < Latin conjug\u0101lis <conjug-, conju(n)x spouse < con- con - + jugum yoke ] [PAR] con`ju\u2022gal\u2032i\u2022ty, n. [PAR] con\u2032ju\u2022gal\u2022ly, adv. [PAR] conjugal [PAR] - From Latin conjugare, \"join together (in marriage)\"\u2014from com-, \"together,\" and jugare, \"yoke\"\u2014it has an underlying notion of \"joining together.\" [PAR] See also related terms for joining . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Adj. [PAR] 1. [PAR] conjugal - of or relating to marriage or to the relationship between a wife and husband; \"connubial bliss\"; \"conjugal visits\" [PAR] connubial [PAR] conjugal [PAR] adjective marital , nuptial , matrimonial , married , wedded , bridal , spousal , connubial A woman's refusal to allow her husband his conjugal rights was once grounds for divorce. [PAR] conjugal [PAR] [\u02c8k\u0252nd\u0292\u028ag\u0259l] adj [rights, duties] \u2192 conjugal (e) [PAR] conjugal [PAR] adj rights, bliss, duties \u2192 ehelich ; state \u2192 Ehe- ; conjugal affection \u2192 Gattenliebe f [PAR] conjugal [PAR] conjugal [PAR] (\u02c8kond\u0292ug\u0259l) adjective [PAR] of marriage. egtelik, huweliksagtig \u0632\u0650\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d conjugal man\u017eelsk\u00fd ehelich , Ehe-... \u00e6gteskabelig \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 conyugal abieluline \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc aviollinen conjugal \u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05dc \u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0940, \u0935\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915 bra\u010dni, supru\u017eni h\u00e1zass\u00e1gi mengenai perkawinan hj\u00faskapar- coniugale \u5a5a\u59fb\u306e \ubd80\ubd80\uc758, \uacb0\ud63c\uc758 santuokinis, vedybinis laul\u012bbas- suami isteri echtelijk ekteskapelig ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144ski \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 conjugal con\u00adjugal \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 man\u017eelsk\u00fd zakonski bra\u010dni \u00e4ktenskaplig \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c\u0e09\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e20\u0e23\u0e23\u0e22\u0e32 evlili\u011fe ili\u015fkin \u5a5a\u59fb\u7684 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0439; \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0649 v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u5a5a\u59fb\u7684 [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Ford Ford Madox [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] While Laurie and Amy were taking conjugal strolls over velvet carpets, as they set their house in order, and planned a blissful future, Mr. [PAR] View in context [PAR] It was not to be doubted that poor Harriet's attachment had been an offering to conjugal unreserve, and her own share in the story, under a colouring the least favourable to her and the most soothing to him, had in all likelihood been given also. [PAR] View in context [PAR] So spake our general Mother, and with eyes Of conjugal attraction unreprov'd, And meek surrender, half imbracing leand On our first Father, half her swelling Breast Naked met his under the flowing Gold Of her loose tresses hid: he in delight Both of her Beauty and submissive Charms Smil'd with superior Love, as JUPITER On JUNO smiles, when he impregns the Clouds That shed MAY Flowers; and press'd her Matron lip With kisses pure: aside the Devil turnd For envie, yet with jealous leer maligne Ey'd them askance, and to himself thus plaind."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Syria - Flags of the World Syria [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Syria [PAR] image by Eugene Ipavec, 31 May 2007 [PAR] Official Name: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 [Al-Jumh\u016briyyah al-Arabiyyah as-S\u016briyyah], Syrian Arab Republic [PAR] Short Form: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 or \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 [S\u016briya], Syria [PAR] Flag Adopted : 1958 (abandoned 1961, readopted 30 Mar 1980) [PAR] Coat of Arms Adopted: unknown [PAR] ISO Code: SY SYR 760 [PAR] FIPS 10-4 Code: SY [PAR] Al Hasakah Governorate (Muhafazah Al Hasakah) [PAR] Historical Flags: [PAR] Introduction [PAR] There are quite a lot of flags in Syria: not only on official buildings you always find the national flag and mostly the Ba'ath Party flag , but also on private buildings. In the Suqs there are lines with many little flags, often alternating the national flag and the Ba'ath Party flag. However, there are certainly some regional differences: In Damascus you see a lot of flags, also in the Suq; in the second-largest city, Aleppo, there are no flags in the Suq, but there are Islamic writings (for example the Shahada , as in the Saudi flag ) hanging from the lines just as the little flags in the Damascus Suq; in Homs you can see the little triangular flags; in the parts along the Euphrates, for example near Der-ez-Zor, I saw some national flags without stars. However, there seem to be no regional flags or city flags. [PAR] Marcus Schm\u00f6ger, 01 May 1997 [PAR] National Flag at the London 2012 Olympics [PAR] The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [ loc12 ]) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. [PAR] For Syria: PMS 032 red, 355 green and black. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise. [PAR] Ian Sumner, 10 October 2012 [PAR] Meaning of the Colours [PAR] [Ed.: see also Pan-Arab Colours for a historical explanation of the colours.] [PAR] Red symbolizes the struggle and sacrifice for freedom; white signifies peace; and black stands for the dark colonial past.[DOC] [TLE] Syria Flag - colors meaning history of Syria Flag Syria Flag - colors meaning history of Syria Flag [PAR] Syrian Arabic Republic Flag [PAR] Syria Flag - intorduction [PAR] Today Syria is in crisis as a result of a civil war between forces favorable to the Mr. Bashar al-Assad of the Ba'ath Party and people opposed to his dictatorship. As a result, there are currently two governments claiming to be the de jure government of Syria, using different flags to represent Syria. The incumbent government's flag has three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; two small, green, five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band. The Syrian Interim Government, led by the Syrian National Coalition, uses a horizontal tricolor triband of green, white, and black, with three red stars charged in the center. [PAR] Syrian Arabic Republic Flag - Colors [PAR] Red: (RGB: 206, 17, 38) (hex code: #CE1126) [PAR] White: (RGB: 255, 255, 255) (hex code: #FFFFFF) [PAR] Green: (RGB: 0, 122, 61) (hex code: #007A3D) [PAR] Black: (RGB: 0, 0, 0) (hex code: #000000) [PAR] Syrian Arabic Republic Flag - Colors meaning [PAR] Red"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sonia Gandhi | Indian politician | Britannica.com Sonia Gandhi | Indian politician | Britannica.com [PAR] Indian politician [PAR] Alternative Title: Edvige Antonia Albina Maino [PAR] Sonia Gandhi [PAR] Rajiv Gandhi [PAR] Sonia Gandhi, original name Edvige Antonia Albina Maino (born December 9, 1946, Lusiana, Veneto region, Italy ), Italian-born Indian politician who was president of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party; 1998\u2013 ) and chairperson of the United Progressive Alliance (2004\u2013 ), the ruling coalition. [PAR] Sonia Gandhi. [PAR] U.S. Department of State [PAR] While studying English at a language school in Cambridge , England, Sonia met Rajiv Gandhi , a mechanical engineering student at the University of Cambridge and son of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi . The couple married in 1968 and moved into the prime minister\u2019s official residence, although Rajiv eschewed politics for a career as a commercial airline pilot. However, in 1980 his brother, Sanjay, died, and Rajiv subsequently entered the political arena. When Indira Gandhi was assassinated in 1984, Rajiv was named prime minister. Though Sonia campaigned for Rajiv, she chose to remain in the background, studying art restoration and working to preserve India\u2019s artistic treasures. [PAR] When Rajiv was assassinated in 1991, Sonia was seen by many as the natural heir to the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty , and she was offered the leadership of the Congress Party. She rejected the offer and refused to discuss politics publicly. In 1993, however, she visited Rajiv\u2019s former constituency in Amethi, Uttar Pradesh , and was greeted by cheering crowds. She subsequently traveled throughout the country on behalf of trusts and committees devoted to Indian public life. [PAR] In 1998 Gandhi agreed to become president of the then struggling Congress Party. Her initial efforts were overshadowed by the party\u2019s loss to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) later that year in elections to the Lok Sabha (lower chamber of the Indian parliament), but she won a seat in that chamber in parliamentary polls the following year. After a nationwide campaign that targeted struggling farmers and the unemployed, the Congress Party won the 2004 Lok Sabha elections (with Gandhi retaining her seat), but it failed to secure an absolute majority. The party subsequently formed a new coalition called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA). Gandhi, however, chose not to head the government as prime minister, because her foreign birth had become a politically controversial issue. Instead, she invited the economist Manmohan Singh to serve as prime minister. [PAR] In March 2006 Gandhi resigned from the Lok Sabha and as chairperson of the National Advisory Council\u2014which oversaw the implementation of UPA policies and provided a salary to Gandhi for her work\u2014after accusations that she was breaking a law that banned members of parliament from holding an additional office for profit. She was reelected two months later, however, and also in 2009. Although she again won handily in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, the Congress Party suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the BJP, and the UPA government was swept from power. [PAR] Britannica Stories[DOC] [TLE] Manas: History and Politics, Sonia Gandhi Manas: History and Politics, Sonia Gandhi [PAR] [PAR] Sonia Gandhi [PAR] Sonia Gandhi is the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. She was born Sonia Maino in 1946 near Turin, Italy, to a working-class family, and spent her childhood in that region. Her connection with India developed when she met Rajiv Gandhi, the elder son of Indira Gandhi, at a language school in Cambridge, England. They were married in 1968, and Sonia settled in India with her husband. Rajiv"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1833 Factory Act - The National Archives 1833 Factory Act - The National Archives [PAR] 1833 Factory Act [PAR] Dean Mills \u2013 The Doubling Room, 1851 [PAR] (ZPER 34/19) [PAR] In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows: [PAR] no child workers under nine years of age [PAR] employers must have an age certificate for their child workers [PAR] children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day [PAR] children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day [PAR] children are not to work at night [PAR] two hours schooling each day for children [PAR] four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law [PAR] However, the passing of this act did not mean that the mistreatment of children stopped overnight. Using these sources, investigate how the far the act had solved the problems of child labour. [PAR] Tasks [PAR] 1. This is an extract from a Factory Inspectors Report (1836). [PAR] Who gave the evidence to the factory inspector? [PAR] Work out how many hours (not including breaks), the boys are reported to have worked without stopping [PAR] Which parts of the new Factory Act have been broken? [PAR] What does the tone of the letter tell us about what the factory inspectors thought about the firm Taylor, Ibbotson & Co? [PAR] Having studied this source, would you be right to conclude that the 1833 Factory Act did nothing to solve the problems of child workers? Explain your answer [PAR] 2. This is a piece of a document detailing which companies broke the law. [PAR] What is the most common offence recorded? [PAR] Work out how much is fined for the different offences [PAR] By looking at the fines, which offence is regarded as the most serious? [PAR] How effective was the 1833 Factory Act? Explain your answer. (Hint: is the number of convictions a good or bad sign?) [PAR] 3. This is a photograph of workers in a factory in 1903. [PAR] What kind of factory is the boy working in? [PAR] How old do you think he is? [PAR] Write a list of all the dangers you can see in the factory and what you think could be done to improve them [PAR] This photograph is from 1903, 70 years after the first Factory Act. Explain whether you think work in the factory had improved for child workers by this time [PAR] Is the illustration at the top of this page and this photograph reliable evidence of working conditions in a factory? Give reasons for your answer [PAR] Source 3 [PAR] 4. You are one of the four factory inspectors in 1836 trying to enforce the Factory Act. You have seen the evidence of abuse of the the law and you are unhappy with the present system. Write a letter to the Home Secretary suggesting ways to improve the law and better methods of enforcing it. [PAR] Background [PAR] As the Industrial Revolution gathered pace thousands of factories sprang up all over the country. There were no laws relating to the running of factories as there had been no need for them before. As a result, dangerous machinery was used that could, and frequently did, cause serious injuries to workers. To add to these dangers, people were required to work incredibly long hours \u2013 often through the night. Perhaps one of the worst features of this new industrial age was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 22 | 1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned BBC ON THIS DAY | 22 | 1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned [PAR] 1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned [PAR] Scientists in Scotland have announced the birth of the world's first successfully cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep. [PAR] Dolly, who was created at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, was actually born on 5 July 1996 although her arrival has only just been revealed. [PAR] Dolly is the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. Previous clonings have been from embryo cells. [PAR] The sheep's birth has been heralded as one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs of the decade although it is likely to spark ethical controversy. [PAR] Scientists in Scotland cloned a ewe by inserting DNA from a single sheep cell into an egg and implanted it in a surrogate mother. [PAR] They now have a healthy seven-month-old sheep - Dolly - who is an exact genetic duplicate of the animal from which the single cell was taken. [PAR] DNA tests have revealed that Dolly is identical to the ewe who donated the udder cell and is unrelated to the surrogate mother. [PAR] It will enable us to study genetic diseases for which there is presently no cure [PAR] Dr Ian Wilmut, embryologist [PAR] Embryologist Dr Ian Wilmut, from the Roslin Institute, said: \"It will enable us to study genetic diseases for which there is presently no cure and track down the mechanisms that are involved.\" [PAR] The research, published in Nature magazine, follows the Edinburgh team's success in cloning sheep embryos. Last year they produced two identical sheep, which were clones of an original embryo. [PAR] The company which has bought the rights to the research, PPL Therapeutics, said Dolly would help to improve understanding of ageing and genetics and lead to the production of cheaper medicines. [PAR] US President Bill Clinton has set up a special task force to investigate cloning in order to examine the legal and ethical implications.[DOC] [TLE] First successful cloning of a mammal - Jul 05, 1996 ... First successful cloning of a mammal - Jul 05, 1996 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First successful cloning of a mammal [PAR] Share this: [PAR] First successful cloning of a mammal [PAR] Author [PAR] First successful cloning of a mammal [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1996, Dolly the sheep\u2013the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell\u2013is born at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. [PAR] Originally code-named \u201c6LL3,\u201d the cloned lamb was named after the buxom singer and actress Dolly Parton. The name was reportedly suggested by one of the stockmen who assisted with her birth, after he learned that the animal was cloned from a mammary cell. The cells had been taken from the udder of a six-year-old ewe and cultured in a lab using microscopic needles, in a method first used in human fertility treatments in the 1970s. After producing a number of normal eggs, scientists implanted them into surrogate ewes; 148 days later one of them gave birth to Dolly. [PAR] Dolly\u2019s birth was announced publicly in February 1997 to a storm of controversy. On one hand, supporters argued that cloning technology can lead to crucial advances in medicine, citing the production of genetically modified animals to be organ donors for humans as well as \u201ctherapeutic\u201d cloning, or the process of cloning embryos in order to collect stem cells for use in the development of treatments for degenerative nerve diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Male Vocal Range and Voice Type - Personal Singing Guide Male Vocal Range and Voice Type | Your Personal Singing Guide [PAR] Male Vocal Range [PAR] and Voice Types! [PAR] There are many vocal ranges and voice types for males, and this section will discuss the 4 main types of male voices, their respective pitch ranges, unique tonal characteristics, as well as how their tessituras or most comfortable voice ranges differ from each other. [PAR] One important point to note: These 2 terms \u2013 Vocal Range and Voice Type \u2013 are not to be confused with each other. [PAR] The Range of our Voice refers to the range of notes that our voice can reach or produce a sound at, whereas the Type of Voice refers to the various kinds of voices classified using certain criteria like range of vocals, tessituras, register transition points, vocal timbre or tone and so on. [PAR] Click on the links provided above to understand more about how to find your own vocal range, as well as how to determine your own voice type using the various criteria! [PAR] Now, the 4 main types of male voices are as follows: [PAR] 1. Countertenor [PAR] Let us look at each of these male voices in more detail: [PAR] 1. COUNTERTENOR [PAR] The Countertenor Voice may actually be unfamiliar to those of us not from the classical realm, as many of us would probably only have heard of the 3 main male voices \u2013 Tenor, Baritone and Bass. [PAR] The Countertenor voice is the highest of the adult male voice types, and has a vocal range that is similar to that of the Female Contralto Voice, the lowest of the female voice types! In the Mandarin pop scene, certain singers like Jeff Chang and the lead singer of popular pop rock band Soda Green would probably qualify as countertenor voices! [PAR] An approximate Countertenor Vocal Range would be from a G note below the middle C (G3) to a high F one octave above the middle C (F5). Be sure to support your voice well with your breath so as to get a more accurate representation of the range in your voice. Check out the section on \u2018How to Find Your Singing Range and Voice Type\u2019 to get some tips on finding your range on your own! [PAR] Also, the Tessitura or most comfortable singing range for Countertenors lies above that of the Tenor and other adult male voices. The Countertenor voice would usually be able to sing the high head voice notes with great ease and brightness in tone, and would often be confused by many listeners with regular female voices. [PAR] 2. TENOR [PAR] The Tenor Voice is the highest of the main male vocal types that most people would be familiar with, with the typical tenor vocal range lying between the C note one octave below middle C (C3) to the C note one octave above middle C (C5)! This means that it would lie just slightly below the Countertenor voice, but has similar characteristics in the sense that the Tenor would also be able to sing most high notes with ease and vocalize the head voice notes with strength and brightness! [PAR] The Tenor voice would probably transition into his middle voice around the D or E note above middle C (D4 or E4) and shift into head voice around the F sharp or G above middle C (F4 or G4). The tenor tessitura would lie between that of the Countertenor\u2019s and the Baritone\u2019s. Do make sure that we avoid certain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King James I of England - British Royal Family History King James I | Britroyals [PAR] Born: June 19, 1566 at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland [PAR] Parents: Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley [PAR] Relation to Elizabeth II: 9th great-grandfather [PAR] House of: Stuart [PAR] Ascended to the throne: March 24, 1603 aged 36 years [PAR] Crowned: July 25, 1603 at Westminster Abbey, also as James VI of Scotland at Stirling Castle on July 29, 1567 [PAR] Married: Anne, Daughter of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway [PAR] Children: Three sons and five daughters, of whom three survived infancy; Henry, Elizabeth and Charles [PAR] Died: March 27, 1625 at Theobalds Park, Hertfordshire, aged 58 years, 9 months, and 7 days [PAR] Buried at: Westminster [PAR] Reigned for: 22 years, and 3 days, King of Scotland for 57 years 1567-1625 [PAR] Succeeded by: his son Charles [PAR] James was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and her second husband Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley. He was descended through the Scottish kings from Robert the Bruce, and the English Tudors through his great grandmother Margaret Tudor sister of Henry VIII. His parent\ufffds marriage was short-lived and Darnley was found murdered 8 months after James was born in June 1566. His mother married again, but in 1567 was forced to renounce the throne of Scotland in favour of her infant son. James became King James VI of Scotland aged 13 months in July 1567, and was crowned at Stirling. Mary fled to England where she was eventually executed following Catholic plots against Elizabeth I in 1587. [PAR] His childhood and adolescence were unhappy, abnormal, and precarious; he had various guardians, whose treatment of him differed widely. His education, although thorough, was weighted with strong Presbyterian and Calvinist political doctrine, and his character \ufffd highly intelligent and sensitive, but also fundamentally shallow, vain, and exhibitionist \ufffd reacted violently to this. He also sought solace with extravagant and unsavoury male favourites who, in later years, were to have a damaging effect on his prestige and state affairs. A suitable Queen was found for him in Anne of Denmark and they were married in 1589. As King of Scotland, he curbed the power of the nobility, although his attempts to limit the authority of the Kirk (Church of Scotland) were less successful. [PAR] When Elizabeth I of England died in 1603 unmarried, James moved to London and was crowned King James I of England the first of the Stuart Kings of the combined crowns of England and Scotland. The English courtiers were wary of his Scottish favourites, affairs with male courtiers and uncouth ways. He was however a supporter of literature and arts. William Shakespeare was among the \ufffdKings Men\ufffd troupe of actors who performed plays for their patron James. He commissioned the King James Authorized Version of the Bible, published in 1611, which remains one of the most important English translations of the Bible. He initially acted mainly upon the advice of Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, but on Salisbury\ufffds death all restraint vanished. His religious policy consisted of asserting the supreme authority and divine right of the crown and suppressing both Puritans and Catholics who objected. Guy Fawkes' attempt to blow up Parliament in 1605 produced an anti-Catholic reaction, which gave James a temporary popularity which soon dissipated. [PAR] His foreign policy aimed primarily at achieving closer relations with Spain was not liked by Parliament who saw Spain as the Old Catholic enemy of the Armada and competitor for world trade. During his reign the East India Company expanded trade"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enya: Watermark - Music on Google Play Enya: Watermark - Music on Google Play [PAR] ( 69) [PAR] Description [PAR] Watermark is the second studio album by Irish singer, songwriter and musician Enya, released on 19 September 1988 by Warner Music internationally and on 10 January 1989 by Reprise Records in the United States. After the release of her previous album Enya in 1987, she met Rob Dickins, chairman of Warner Music UK and fan of her first album, signed her to the label. Her contract allowed her considerable artistic and creative freedom with minimal interference from the label's management. Enya recorded Watermark in ten months with her long time recording partners, manager, producer and arranger Nicky Ryan and his wife, lyricist Roma Ryan. It was initially recorded in Ireland in demo form before production relocated to London to re-record, mix, and master it. Watermark is formed of music in different styles, and displays Enya's sound of multi-tracked vocals with keyboards and elements of Celtic and New age music, though Enya believes her music does not belong in the latter genre. [PAR] Watermark received many positive reviews from critics."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rock, Ice and Mountain Climbing Terms, Glossary ... Rock, Ice and Mountain Climbing Terms, Glossary, Definitions - Santiam Alpine Club [PAR] Glossary of rock, ice and mountain climbing terms [PAR] Alpine: Concerning high mountains, originally, concerning the Alps. [PAR] Alpine start: An early morning start to ascend before the sun softens the snow or to return before nightfall. [PAR] Alpine style: Lightweight, fast climbing that emphasizes the role of speed in safety, to climb and return quickly during a window of good weather. [PAR] AMS (acute mountain sickness, hypoxemia, hypoxia): Symptoms of low blood oxygen due to high altitude: headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, malaise and disturbed sleep. Also see HADE below. [PAR] Anchor: A point where the rope is secured to the snow, ice or rock to provide protection against a fall. An equalized anchor system places equal weight on multiple devices to reduce the chance of failure. Any individual anchor point, whether one piece of protection or an anchor system, must be able to hold a fall. The condition of the rock, snow or ice determines whether an individual anchor device or an anchor system is required to provide adequate security. [PAR] Equalized anchor system [PAR] Approach: The nontechnical section of the climb that leads to the technical part of the climb. [PAR] Ascender (Jumar, Clog): A mechanical braking device used for belaying oneself from a vertical fixed rope. By contrast, for a traverse protected by horizontal fixed line, carabiners on slings are often used to connect the climber to the main rope. As carabiners have no braking capability, a climber will fall to the lower anchor or to the lowest point between two anchors. Self-belay from prusik or bachmann knot is a known unsafe technique. Unlike a carabiner, prusik cord burns through quickly once it begins sliding on the main line. [PAR] Avalanche: Movement down the mountain of previously stationary snow, rock, or both. Snow avalanche conditions for open slopes can often be predicted by monitoring the weather. As days of high avalanche danger and known avalanche areas are generally avoided, more climbers are injured by a single falling rock or piece of ice. [PAR] Bachmann (bachman) knot: A friction knot similar in design and purpose to a prusik knot with the difference that the Bachmann can be set up in a self-regulating configuration. When used in a z-pulley, when tension is released the Bachmann slides along the main rope. When tension pulls the knot tight, the knot prevents downward motion of the pulley. Although similar in purpose to an ascender, a Bachmann knot will burn quickly through the prusik cord should it begin to slip. [PAR] Bachmann knot video [PAR] Base weight: The weight of a pack before food, fuel and water. Some thru-hikers flirt with hypothermia by skimping on two warm and dry items to reach a base weight below 10 pounds, 4.5 kilograms, by omitting a stove and carrying a single-wall shelter instead of a double-wall tent. Together, these safety upgrades can sum to as little as 2 additional pounds, 1 kilogram. Dry hiking reduces weight by carrying only enough water to reach the next known water source, another way to leave oneself unprepared for an emergency. A mountaineer's pack loaded with safety gear \u2014 a helmet, a harness, a rope plus the appropriate protection for the route \u2014 is often not weighed. What is, is. \"That is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to\" remain indifferent about \"what the meaning of the word 'is' is,\" and about whom is boasting of a light pack as they toss their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Surgery of the Lungs: Pneumonectomy, Lobectomy, Sleeve ... Surgery of the Lungs: Pneumonectomy, Lobectomy, Sleeve Lobectomy, Wedge Resection, Segment Resection [PAR] Home > Patient's Guide > Lung Surgery > Types of Lung Surgery [PAR] A Patient's Guide to Lung Surgery [PAR] Types of Lung Surgery [PAR] Pneumonectomy [PAR] A surgical procedure in which an entire lung is removed.A pneumonectomy is most often done for cancer of the lung that cannot be treated by removal of a smaller portion of the lung. A pneumonectomy is an open chest technique (thoracotomy). [PAR] Lobectomy [PAR] Also called a pulmonary lobectomy, it is a common surgical procedure that removes one lobe of the lung that contains cancerous cells. Removal of two lobes is called bilobectomy. [PAR] [PAR] Sleeve Lobectomy [PAR] A surgical procedure that removes a cancerous lobe of the lung along with part of the bronchus (air passage) that attaches to it. The remaining lobe(s) is then reconnected to the remaining segment of the bronchus. This procedure preserves part of a lung, and is an alternative to removing the lung as a whole (pneumonectomy). [PAR] [PAR] Wedge Resection [PAR] A wedge resection is a surgical procedure during which the surgeon removes a small, wedge-shaped portion of the lung containing the cancerous cells along with healthy tissue that surrounds the area. The surgery is performed to remove a small tumor or to diagnose lung cancer. A wedge resection is performed instead of a lobectomy (removing a complete lung lobe) when there is a danger of decreased lung function if too much of the lung is removed. A wedge resection can be performed by minimally-invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or a thoracotomy (open chest surgery). [PAR] [PAR] Segment Resection (Segmentectomy) [PAR] A segment resection removes a larger portion of the lung lobe than a wedge resection, but does not remove the whole lobe.[DOC] [TLE] Pneumonectomy - procedure, recovery, blood, tube, removal ... Pneumonectomy - procedure, recovery, blood, tube, removal, pain, complications, time [PAR] Pneumonectomy [PAR] Pneumonectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of a lung. [PAR] Purpose [PAR] A pneumonectomy is most often used to treat lung cancer when less radical surgery cannot achieve satisfactory results. It may also be the most appropriate treatment for a tumor located near the center of the lung that affects the pulmonary artery or veins, which transport blood between the heart and lungs. In addition, pneumonectomy may be the treatment of choice when the patient has a traumatic chest injury that has damaged the main air passage (bronchus) or the lung's major blood vessels so severely that they cannot be repaired. [PAR] Demographics [PAR] Pneumonectomies are usually performed on patients with lung cancer, as well as patients with such noncancerous diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. These diseases cause airway obstruction. [PAR] Approximately 361,000 Americans die of lung disease every year. Lung disease is responsible for one in seven deaths in the United States, according to the American Lung Association. More than 25 million Americans are now living with chronic lung disease. [PAR] Lung cancer [PAR] Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. It is expected to claim nearly 157,200 lives in 2003. Lung cancer kills more people than cancers of the breast, prostate, colon, and pancreas combined. Cigarette smoking accounts for nearly 90% of cases of lung cancer in the United States. [PAR] Lung cancer is the second most common cancer among both men and women and is the leading cause of death from cancer in both sexes. In addition to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soviets explode atomic bomb - Aug 29, 1949 - HISTORY.com Soviets explode atomic bomb - Aug 29, 1949 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Soviets explode atomic bomb [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] At a remote test site at Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan, the USSR successfully detonates its first atomic bomb, code name \u201cFirst Lightning.\u201d In order to measure the effects of the blast, the Soviet scientists constructed buildings, bridges, and other civilian structures in the vicinity of the bomb. They also placed animals in cages nearby so that they could test the effects of nuclear radiation on human-like mammals. The atomic explosion, which at 20 kilotons was roughly equal to \u201cTrinity,\u201d the first U.S. atomic explosion, destroyed those structures and incinerated the animals. [PAR] According to legend, the Soviet physicists who worked on the bomb were honored for the achievement based on the penalties they would have suffered had the test failed. Those who would have been executed by the Soviet government if the bomb had failed to detonate were honored as \u201cHeroes of Socialist Labor,\u201d and those who would have been merely imprisoned were given \u201cThe Order of Lenin,\u201d a slightly less prestigious award. [PAR] On September 3, a U.S. spy plane flying off the coast of Siberia picked up the first evidence of radioactivity from the explosion. Later that month, President Harry S. Truman announced to the American people that the Soviets too had the bomb. Three months later, Klaus Fuchs, a German-born physicist who had helped the United States build its first atomic bombs, was arrested for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviets. While stationed at U.S. atomic development headquarters during World War II, Fuchs had given the Soviets precise information about the U.S. atomic program, including a blueprint of the \u201cFat Man\u201d atomic bomb later dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, and everything the Los Alamos scientists knew about the hypothesized hydrogen bomb. The revelations of Fuchs\u2019 espionage, coupled with the loss of U.S. atomic supremacy, led President Truman to order development of the hydrogen bomb, a weapon theorized to be hundreds of times more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped on Japan. [PAR] On November 1, 1952, the United States successfully detonated \u201cMike,\u201d the world\u2019s first hydrogen bomb, on the Elugelab Atoll in the Pacific Marshall Islands. The 10.4-megaton thermonuclear device instantly vaporized an entire island and left behind a crater more than a mile wide. Three years later, on November 22, 1955, the Soviet Union detonated its first hydrogen bomb on the same principle of radiation implosion. Both superpowers were now in possession of the so-called \u201csuperbomb,\u201d and the world lived under the threat of thermonuclear war for the first time in history. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] The Development of the Atomic Bomb - PBS American Experience . Race for the Superbomb . Hydrogen Bomb Decision | PBS [PAR] People & Events [PAR] Hydrogen Bomb Decision [PAR] On September 23, 1949, President Truman shocked America with a terse announcement. \"We have evidence,\" he said, \"that within recent weeks an atomic explosion occurred in the USSR.\" The announcement caused panic in the country and created a flurry of activity in scientific and political circles. What, everyone wanted to know, should the American response be? [PAR] Most of the debate was carried out in top secret. The initial proposal from the Los Alamos weapons laboratory was to step up the production of atomic bombs. Meanwhile, physicist Edward Teller and Atomic Energy Commissioner (AEE) Lewis Strauss were among those who began arguing vociferously for a \"high-priority\" program to build a hydrogen bomb. In the next few months, both men"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jonathan Ive interview: Apple's design genius is British ... Jonathan Ive interview: Apple's design genius is British to the core - Telegraph [PAR] Apple [PAR] Jonathan Ive interview: Apple's design genius is British to the core [PAR] Apple\u2019s design guru Jonathan Ive, who receives a knighthood today for creating products such as the iPad, tells Shane Richmond why this country\u2019s industrial heritage lies behind his success. [PAR] Sir Jonathan Ive is to be given greater control over Apple's product design department Photo: Rex Features [PAR] By Shane Richmond , Head of Technology (Editorial) [PAR] 6:30AM BST 23 May 2012 [PAR] Read part two of The Telegraph's Jonathan Ive interview. [PAR] Just one person looks twice at Jonathan Ive as we walk through the Apple store in London's Covent Garden and that's a member of staff. The customers are oblivious to the presence of the man responsible for the design of the computers, iPads, iPhones and iPods that they are admiring, tapping and caressing throughout the shop. [PAR] Ive, a softly spoken, thoughtful Brit, has worked at Apple in California since 1992, and since 1997 has been in charge of its designs. This may well make him the most influential designer in the world. In creating the iPod he unleashed a product that profoundly altered the music industry, while the iPhone is doing the same to the mobile phone industry. The most recent product from his team, the iPad, is setting the standard for an entirely new category of computer. [PAR] His incredible run of success has made him revered in the design community and helped him to amass a fortune in excess of \u00a380 million. Even so, he says, he isn\u2019t recognised all that often. \u201cPeople\u2019s interest is in the product, not in its authorship,\u201d he says. [PAR] Considerably more people will know Ive\u2019s face after today, when he is to be knighted for services to design and enterprise. The honour, he says, is \u201cincredibly humbling\u201d. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Apple's design chief: profile [PAR] 23 May 2012 [PAR] \u201cAll I\u2019ve ever wanted to do is design and make; it\u2019s what I love doing. It\u2019s great if you can find what you love to do. Finding it is one thing but then to be able to practise that and be preoccupied with that is another,\u201d he says. \u201cI\u2019m very aware of an incredible tradition in the UK of designing and making, and so to be recognised in this way is really wonderful.\u201d [PAR] Ive was born in 1967 in Chingford, Essex, but raised in Staffordshire, where he went to Walton High School, a large comprehensive in Stafford. He says his father, a teacher, was a significant influence on his decision to pursue design. \u201cMy father was a very good craftsman. He made furniture, he made silverware and he had an incredible gift in terms of how you can make something yourself.\u201d [PAR] Ive talks about Apple\u2019s attention to detail in its products \u2013 details that often won\u2019t be seen by consumers at all \u2013 as a desire to \u201cfinish the back of the drawer\u201d. \u201cWe do it because we think it\u2019s right,\u201d he says. The seed of that idea was planted while watching his father work. \u201cGrowing up, I enjoyed drawing but it was always in the service of an idea. I drew all the time and I enjoyed making.\u201d [PAR] He studied design at Newcastle Polytechnic, now Northumbria University, where he still returns frequently to give guest lectures. \u201cOne of the things that was interesting about my time at the school of art and design is that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saint Apollonia \u2013 The Patron Saint ... - CatholicSaints.Info CatholicSaints.Info \u00bb Blog Archive \u00bb Saint Apollonia \u2013 The Patron Saint of Dentistry [PAR] Saint Apollonia \u2013 The Patron Saint of Dentistry [PAR] Ever since I have known that dentistry had a patron saint I have been interested in her and have from time to time gathered material germane to the subject. [PAR] On a recent excursion to Quebec I made a visit to Sainte Anne and you may be sure that one of the things that drew me thither was to see this portion of the jaw of Saint Apollonia. I made a brave effort to locate this piece of jaw but not being a French scholar and French being the \u201cofficial\u201d language at Saint Anne, I was unable to find it. I am very much afraid it either is not there or else is not accounted among the valued possessions of the church. [PAR] Upon my return home, I concluded to gather together the material I have and present it to the dental profession. In my search for material I have been aided by my friend, Mr. Charles G. Marrett, and the pictures I show I have obtained mostly from friends who have traveled abroad and have been on the outlook for pictures of Saint Apollonia for me, knowing I am interested in the subject. [PAR] An article on Saint Apollonia appeared in the July, 1913, number of the Dental Brief. This article, however, has many inaccuracies and I also believe I can add much to the subject. Dr. Koch, in his History of Dental Surgery, refers to this Saint and a painting of Saint Apollonia was presented to the Philadelphia Academy of Stomatology by Dr. C. N. Pierce in 1900. So far as I know these are the only references to Saint Apollonia in our dental literature. [PAR] For centuries before there was any dental profession, men and women suffering from toothache had been accustomed to call upon Saint Apollonia to come to their assistance. Poor mortals, that was about all they could do, for a medieval toothache was a pretty hopeless affair. If Apollonia declined to help you, you might try a charm, or go upon a little pilgrimage, but in the end you would probably be quite speedily reduced to the drastic remedy of extraction, and be forced to hunt up some one with a pair of forceps or tweezers \u2013 the barber, surgeon or the blacksmith. Extraction could have been no laughing matter in those rough days. Wise and wealthy people saved up their toothaches till the day came round for one of the great annual fairs or markets, and then had their decayed stumps harvested, amid a blare of trumpets, by artists in gorgeous costumes. On such occasions the victim would be further enheartened by a large and interested concourse of spectators. [PAR] But perhaps the best thing to do, if Saint Apollonia refused her aid was to seek some monastery and ask the good brothers to take your tooth out. They were usually willing to do so, if approached in the proper spirit. They kept up this tooth pulling practice, too, into quite recent times. Not so very many years ago, if we happened to be on the Capitoline Hill at Rome on one of the proper days, we should have seen a gloomy band of men, women, and children toiling up the long, steep stairs to the portals of the church of Santa Marie in Araceli, not barefooted or on their knees, but with swollen, aching cheeks, done up in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harvester Judgment : Wikis (The Full Wiki) Harvester Judgment : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Harvester Judgment [PAR] Wikis [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Encyclopedia [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] The Harvester Judgment was a benchmark legal case for ensuring workers in Australia were paid a fair basic wage. The case had national ramifications and was of international significance. [1] [PAR] The Harvester Judgment was delivered in the Australian Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration by H.B. Higgins in 1907. The case involved one of Australia's largest employers, Hugh Victor McKay , the owner of the Sunshine Harvester Works, a company which built agricultural machinery. Higgins ruled that McKay was obliged to pay his employees a wage that guaranteed them a standard of living which was reasonable for \"a human being in a civilised community\", regardless of his capacity to pay. This gave rise to the legal requirement for a basic wage , which dominated Australian economic life for the next 60 to 80 years. [PAR] Jack. R had been appointed President of the newly created Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration in 1908 and had been a Justice of the High Court of Australia since 1906. [PAR] The hearing took place in Melbourne from 7 October 1907 to 8 November 1907. Higgins heard evidence from employees of McKay's factory and also their wives. In defining a 'fair and reasonable wage', Higgins employed Pope Leo XIII 's Rerum Novarum of 1891, an open letter to all the bishops that addressed the condition of the working classes. Higgins ruled that remuneration \"must be enough to support the wage earner in reasonable and frugal comfort\". [PAR] Higgins set a 'fair and reasonable' minimum wage for unskilled workers of 7/- ( 7 shillings ), which is around 70 cents, or 42/- per week. [PAR] McKay successfully appealed the decision to the High Court. In R v Barger [2] the High Court found Higgins's decision constitutionally invalid because the legislation was essentially concerned with the regulation of employment conditions, a power not held by the Commonwealth Parliament and not capable of being supported by the excise power. [3] The High Court further found a tax based on compliance with certain labour conditions which could differ from State to State was a discrimination within the meaning of section 51(ii) and a preference within the meaning of section 99. (16) [4] [PAR] Notwithstanding that victory, the 1907 Harvester decision was regarded as a benchmark in Australian industrial case law. Higgins regarded the minimum wage as sacrosanct and applied the Harvester reasoning to subsequent judgments in his long and distinguished career as president of the Conciliation and Arbitration Court. While another view doubts it was realistic. [5] [PAR] References [PAR] ^ Ford, Olwen (2001). Harvester Town: The making of Sunshine 1890-1925. Sunshine & District Historical Society Incorporated. ISBN 0959598944."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LP Hartley's novel - Books | The Guardian Rereading: The Go-Between by LP Hartley | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Rereading [PAR] Rereading: The Go-Between by LP Hartley [PAR] A story of lost innocence, hypocrisy and Britishness \u2013 but LP Hartley's masterpiece can also be read as a sophisticated gay novel [PAR] Julie Christie in Joseph Losey's 1970 film of The Go-Between. Photograph: Sportsphoto Ltd/Allstar [PAR] Ali Smith [PAR] Friday 17 June 2011 18.55 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 17 June 2011 18.55 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] \"The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there.\" For the past year or so, when I've been giving readings, I've asked the people in the audience if they know or remember LP Hartley's 1953 novel, The Go-Between. Generally there's a single yes or a couple of yeses; otherwise silence, a shaking of heads. Then I'll say the first half of its first line and the audience will come back loud and strong on their own with the second half. [PAR] Certainly Hartley and his multi-awardwinning work (his Eustace and Hilda trilogy, completed in 1947, was hugely acclaimed, and the film version of his 1957 novel, The Hireling, won the main award at Cannes in 1973) have all but disappeared from contemporary literary consciousness. I first read his best-known novel, The Go-Between, at the age of 16 in 1979 (in a Penguin copy with Julie Christie under a parasol on the front, a still from Joseph Losey's 1970 film adaptation), because Hartley was the most contemporary writer on our Sixth Year Studies English course. I opened the same book again for the first time in three decades a couple of years ago. Can a book ambush you? From the prologue (\"Are you vanquished, Colston, are you vanquished?\") to the epilogue (\"Tell him there's no spell or curse except an unloving heart\") it felt, as I reread, uncannily familiar, like something I knew \u2013 and had no idea I knew \u2013 by heart. [PAR] A combination of knowing and not-knowing is this novel's driving force. It announced itself to Hartley when he was in Venice in May 1952, working on a completely different project; he put it immediately aside and wrote The Go-Between quite fast, revising his draft as soon as October and November. It's set at \u2013 or rather, framed by \u2013 the mid-point of the 20th century, \"the most changeful half a century in history\", when Leo Colston, a man in his mid-60s, sits down in a drab realist 1950s room, the rain hammering at the window, to sort through some old papers. Almost straight away he comes upon a red cardboard box once used for his childhood Eton collars: in it are inconsequential odds and ends; some dried-up sea-urchins, some rusty magnets, \"which had almost lost their magnetism\", and a diary. He picks each thing up in turn. \"Something came and went between us: the intimate pleasure of recognition.\" But about the \"Diary for the year 1900\", with its Zodiac figures circling the announcement of this new \"Golden Age\", the \"glorious destiny of the 20th century\", he can remember nothing except a sense of baleful loss. He opens it: the combination lock, which he knows without knowing, is set to the letters of his own name. His own long-gone story breaks open on him all over again. [PAR] Leo is 12 years old and visiting his upper-class schoolfriend Marcus's family seat, Brandham Hall in Norfolk, in the summer of 1900. He is wearing his too-hot Norfolk jacket (which makes him a sort"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Magpie DVD review - denofgeek.com Magpie DVD review [PAR] Search [PAR] Magpie DVD review [PAR] Smarter and sexier than Blue Peter, this 70s children's entertainment show had an occult theme tune and an ex-Bond girl... [PAR] tumblr [PAR] \"One for sorrow, two for joy, three for a girl and four for a boy...\" ran the famous signature tune by the Murgatroyd Band of archetypal seventies show Magpie. ITV launched the show in 1968, ten years after its BBC rival Blue Peter. Initially a forty minute programme transmitted once a week, Magpie then ran twice a week on Tuesdays and Fridays until the summer of 1980. The presenters were Susan Stranks, the late Tony Bastable, Pete Brady, Douglas Rae, Mick Robertson, Jenny Hanley and Tommy Boyd. Sadly only about 10% of all the programmes made still exist. This collection features twelve of the best episodes from 1972 to 1980. [PAR] As one would expect from Network, the DVD is well presented with a range of extras. The shows are arranged in chronological order, each one prefaced by the famous Thames \"river and skyline\" ident. The first from 1972 is something of a landmark as Tony Bastable, who later fronted ITV's Eighties computer show Database, takes over as producer and is replaced on the studio floor by Mick Robertson, looking like a cross between Brian May and Marc Bolan. [PAR] An item about a new football boot is followed by a rather dry historical scene about Puritans and Royalists fronted by Susan Stranks (once Juke Box Jury's \"typical teenager\"). Things suddenly feel very educational, a criticism often levelled at Blue Peter. It seems Magpie wasn't averse to cramming in as many facts as possible when it suited them. The next item about horse-drawn ploughing, would hardly grab the kids of today. The final item features a hilarious looking (from a modern technology point of view) \"portable\" studio camera which is so big the cameraman needs to wear a cumbersome support to carry it. The next show was trailed as a Halloween special featuring Peter Cushing, a pity it doesn't feature on the disc. [PAR] The next programme moves on to 1975 and is a special on canals. By now, ex-Bond girl Jenny Hanley has replaced Susan Stranks. Jenny and Douglas Rae feature in a filmed sequence taking a canal trip whilst Mick Robertson gets the short straw, remaining in the studio with a model boat and some canal facts. Perhaps the most interesting canal fact is that a Chinaman invented the lock. Like the canals, this show has a very leisurely pace which is fine as a documentary but as kids TV it must have left the children of the day wondering what was on the other channel. [PAR] Magpie was very much a product of its time. This is reflected in a show from 1976 which features Mick Robertson spending an afternoon with James Hunt prior to the Monaco Grand Prix. The 1976 Christmas show is included too. Originally transmitted on Christmas Eve it features traditional carol singing, a reminder of the Magpie appeal (which unlike its rival asked for hard cash) and an unusually positive approach to graffiti in Luton. [PAR] [PAR] Disc two features six programmes from 1977 to 1980, beginning with a retrospective of a summer tour of France linked by Mick in a studio set of a French cafe. A heavily-permed Tommy Boyd joins the team in the next show, which has an item on the Titanic, Indian bead craft and Boyd's cycle trip to Amsterdam. Another show features David McKee, creator of Mr Benn,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How two Kansas brothers came to influence the nation\u2019s art ... How two Kansas brothers came to influence the nation\u2019s art and literary circles | The Wichita Eagle [PAR] June 9, 2016 5:11 PM [PAR] How two Kansas brothers came to influence the nation\u2019s art and literary circles [PAR] By Beccy Tanner [PAR] Order Reprint of this Story [PAR] This Sunday night, when some of you turn your televisions to CBS at 7 p.m. to watch the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre \u2013 better known as the Tonys \u2013 think about the Kansas connection. [PAR] There would not be a Tony Award had it not been for a Kansan who created the awards in honor of his partner, Antoinette Perry. [PAR] Brock Pemberton, a Broadway producer and founder of the Tony Awards, grew up in Leavenworth and attended both the College of Emporia in Emporia and the University of Kansas in Lawrence. [PAR] He was a nephew of Marshall Murdock, founding editor and publisher of The Wichita Eagle. [PAR] Pemberton also had a brother named Murdock Pemberton. [PAR] Both were nurtured in their young careers by Marshall Murdock and William Allen White, editor of the Emporia Gazette. [PAR] The two Pembertons later move to New York. [PAR] In the 1920s and 1930s, Brock Pemberton produced plays. Some of his best-known hits included \u201cHarvey,\u201d about a man whose best friend is an imaginary rabbit, and \u201cPersonal Appearance,\u201d later made into the movie \u201cGo West, Young Man.\u201d During World War II, Brock Pemberton was instrumental in establishing USO shows for the military. [PAR] Brock Pemberton\u2019s partner in theater was Antoinette Perry, an actress, director and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing. He nicknamed her \u201cTony.\u201d She died in 1946. [PAR] The first Tony was awarded in 1947 to recognize outstanding talent and technical achievement. When Brock Pemberton died in 1950, he was awarded posthumously a Tony for his role as founder and original chairman of the awards. He is buried in a New York cemetery. [PAR] His brother went on to become the first art critic at the New Yorker magazine and one of the founders of the Algonquin Round Table, the literary world\u2019s most celebrated group of writers, critics and actors. [PAR] Murdock Pemberton died in 1982. There is a tombstone for him in Maplewood Memorial Lawn Cemetery in Emporia.[DOC] [TLE] History from the Tony Awards - TonyAwards.com - The ... History from the Tony Awards - TonyAwards.com - The American Theatre Wing's Tony Awards\u00ae - Official Website by IBM [PAR] the American Theatre Wing's Tony Awards\u00ae [PAR] Antoinette Perry [PAR] An award for Excellence [PAR] The American Theatre Wing's Tony Awards\u00ae got their start in 1947 when the Wing established an awards program to celebrate excellence in the theatre. [PAR] Named for Antoinette Perry, an actress, director, producer, and the dynamic wartime leader of the American Theatre Wing who had recently passed away, the Tony Awards made their official debut at a dinner in the Grand Ballroom of the Waldorf Astoria hotel on Easter Sunday, April 6, 1947. Vera Allen, Perry's successor as chairwoman of the Wing, presided over an evening that included dining, dancing, and a program of entertainment. The dress code was black tie optional, and the performers who took to the stage included Mickey Rooney, Herb Shriner, Ethel Waters, and David Wayne. Eleven Tonys were presented in seven categories, and there were eight special awards, including one for Vincent Sardi, proprietor of the eponymous eatery on West 44th Street. Big winners that night included Jos\u00e9 Ferrer, Arthur Miller, Helen Hayes, Ingrid Bergman, Patricia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 15. Samson Brings Down the House (Judges 16) | Bible.org 15. Samson Brings Down the House (Judges 16) | Bible.org [PAR] 15. Samson Brings Down the House (Judges 16) [PAR] Related Media [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Bible does not read like a fairy tale and most certainly the Book of Judges does not. The way our author tells the story chapter 16 does not end with a \u201chappily ever after\u201d for Samson. 1 So lest we hesitate to even begin this message, let me start with the good news: [PAR] 32 And what more shall I say? For time will fail me if I tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, of David and Samuel and the prophets. 33 Through faith they conquered kingdoms, administered justice, gained what was promised, shut the mouths of lions, 34 quenched raging fire, escaped the edge of the sword, gained strength in weakness, became mighty in battle, put foreign armies to flight (Hebrews 11:32-34, emphasis mine). 2 [PAR] Let\u2019s face it, from what we have read in Judges, we might not expect to see Gideon, Samson, or Jephthah in heaven, but the writer to the Hebrews tells us that they will be there. These men are listed among those who are included in the hall of faith, and faith pleases God. 3 I am inclined to read Hebrews 11 in such a way as to conclude that it was Samson who, by faith, \u201cgained strength in weakness.\u201d I am also inclined to read Judges in such a way that Samson does not come to faith until the final moments of his life, which would mean that he came to faith during the events described in our text! Never was Samson weaker than he was as he stood between the two supporting columns of that Philistine \u201ctemple of doom\u201d in Gaza. His eyes had been gouged out, and he was undoubtedly shackled in chains. Here is the time when Samson really \u201cgained strength in [his] weakness.\u201d 4 [PAR] I start with this because we can read Judges 16 knowing that Samson came to faith in the end and that in spite of his many flaws, he is one of those chosen to eternal life. Whatever else Samson was and did, he ended up in the hall of faith. And here is where our text should encourage us as well. I\u2019ll speak to this at the end of this message. [PAR] A Brief Review [PAR] We were introduced to Samson\u2019s parents in chapter 13. There, the Angel of the Lord appeared first to Manoah\u2019s wife, and eventually Manoah was able to speak with the Angel as well. The Angel promised Manoah that although his wife was barren, she would give birth to a very special child. This child was to be a Nazirite from the time of his conception. Samson\u2019s parents appear to be godly people who sincerely desired to raise their son in the fear of the Lord. The Spirit of the Lord began working in Samson\u2019s life sometime in his youth, but the exact nature of the Spirit\u2019s \u201cstirring\u201d (or \u201ccontrol\u201d) is not stated. [PAR] While the reader\u2019s hopes are high after such an impressive beginning, our author quickly dispels any illusions about Samson\u2019s piety. When Samson saw a Philistine woman in Timnath, he decided that this was the woman he wanted for his wife. In spite of his parents\u2019 objections, Samson insisted on them getting this woman for him. The whole wedding attempt was a miserable failure when viewed from Samson\u2019s fleshly point of view. The week-long wedding celebration ended on a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Backgammon Doubling Cube History - JustBG The Backgammon Doubling Cube History [PAR] Tournament play [PAR] The Backgammon Doubling Cube History [PAR] Backgammon, in its original form, did not use the doubling cube. Common backgammon, played for single points does not use the doubling cube either. For that reason, many players have never used one before and when first faced with the option and opportunity to do so, might not understand what it means and how it affects the game. [PAR] The original doubling cube was introduced to Backgammon in the 1920s. However, tracing back the roots of the cube to much earlier times, a similar item was used as far back as the 17th century in a game very similar to backgammon. It is unknown if the doubling cube used in the 1600s was reintroduced 250 years later or if someone came up with the idea anew after all that time had passed. [PAR] The doubling cube itself is a simple cube with six sides similar to the dice that sits in the middle of the board during a game. On the cube are the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. Each number represents an increase in the stakes of any given backgammon game. The first turn of the game has the doubling cube placed in the center of the board with 64 facing upwards. This represents 1 times the normal stakes, meaning no one has yet doubled. [PAR] When a player doubles, they turn the cube to the next highest value, in this case 2, and then 4 and so on. After a player has doubled, if the opponent accepts the double, they are given possession of the cube and have the sole right to decide if the stakes should rise again during the game. [PAR] The doubling cube is only used during match play. A match in Backgammon is a series of games in which players strive to earn enough points to reach the target amount. The amount of points necessary to win a match varies depending on the format and circumstances of the match. This style of play makes it so players can focus on the larger picture rather than any one game. [PAR] Each game in a match is worth one point. However, the doubling cube is introduced to allow players the ability to raise the stakes or value of that game exponentially. When the game begins, neither player has control of the doubling cube. It sits in the middle of the board. If a player feels they might win the game, they can use the doubling cube and double the stakes. The decision to do so must be done before a turn begins. The opponent is then given the opportunity to accept the double or decline it. [PAR] If the opponent decides he does not have a chance to come back and win, he can decline the cube and surrender the game. The winning player then gains 1 point in the match. However, if they accept the cube, the value of the game rises to 2 points and the cube is given to the player who accepted the double. From now on, the player with the cube is the only one who may decide to double the game. [PAR] Using the doubling cube adds a psychological and mathematical level to the game that enhances money and tournament play. It makes the game harder and more compelling. [PAR] BG Calendar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Movie Review - - FILM REVIEW; Man vs. Mountain, the Nth ... Movie Review - - FILM REVIEW; Man vs. Mountain, the Nth Round - NYTimes.com [PAR] FILM REVIEW; Man vs. Mountain, the Nth Round [PAR] By ELVIS MITCHELL [PAR] Published: December 8, 2000 [PAR] The director Martin Campbell knows what his competition is for ''Vertical Limit,'' a shallow yet empty action extravaganza set on the notorious Himalayan peak K2. It's the ''Cliffhanger'' trailer, which neatly jettisoned the (heh, heh) plot and shoehorned in every heart-stopping leap and explosion that took place in the blissful, snowcapped setting, where even sub-arctic temperatures couldn't keep Sylvester Stallone from wearing T-shirts. (The trailer is the best picture Renny Harlin ever made.) [PAR] This time, it's Chris O'Donnell against the mountain. He plays Peter Garrett, a former mountaineer scaling K2 to save his sister, Annie (Robin Tunney), who is trapped with her fellow climbers in an icy crevasse that looks as if it were made of Tide. The height and the temperature are sure to kill them -- that is, if merciless winds and Annie's employer, the survive-at-all-costs entrepreneur Elliot Vaughn (Bill Paxton), don't do them in first. [PAR] ''Vertical Limit'' starts with a sequence that sets up the schisms between Peter and Annie, as well as Peter's reluctance to climb again. In this section, a pleasure climb that morphs into a nightmare version of a Mountain Dew commercial, Mr. Campbell shows the same breezy brio that he displayed in the opening of ''Goldeneye.'' Both demonstrated his talent for exposing human quirks in the middle of two-fisted choreography. This initial tease of a scene shows more class and thought than the rest of the movie, which lumbers from lardy exposition to climax overload. [PAR] After the opening, ''Vertical Limit'' leaps three years ahead. Peter is now a photographer shooting in the Himalayas. Annie is there with the excessive and crudely manipulative Vaughn, who wants to use their expedition to publicize a new business venture. Vaughn has tried the climb before; someone notes, ''As you know, that attempt ended in tragedy.'' (Apparently, the oxygen is so thin at that height that even the ability to come up with competent dialogue is threatened.) The Vaughn base camp looks like a parking lot party at a Phish concert. [PAR] When Annie and her group are lost, Peter volunteers to help, despite his issues. He is joined by Montgomery Wick (Scott Glenn), who is much tougher than his name would suggest. An ornery cuss, Wick is weathered enough to look as if he has spent the last 20 years sleeping on a mountain face, and when he gets ready to join Peter on the trip, he shaves his long beard with a blade and no water. The aging Mr. Glenn looks like David Carradine, and his lines make him sound like a deranged version of Mr. Carradine's Caine from ''Kung Fu.'' [PAR] ''Vertical Limit'' is like an enabler for Mr. Campbell's action addiction. The picture includes so many explosions on the mountain that you may leave the theater wondering why any of the Himalayas are still standing; the director begins to seem as cold and manipulative as Vaughn. The film gives lip service to Pakistani politics -- a brief mix of the book ''Into Thin Air'' and the old movie ''The King of the Khyber Rifles'' -- but only so that nitroglycerin can be introduced into the story. And it piles on characters like snowflakes in a blizzard, though they exist solely to be dispatched in some of the garishly cinematic demises that Mr. Campbell and"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ann Summers - The Full Wiki Ann Summers - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Ann Summers [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Ann Summers Ltd [PAR] Ann Summers is a British High street retailer selling knickers and sex toys. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 3 External links [PAR] History [PAR] The company was named after the female secretary (Annice Summers) of the male founder (Caborn Waterfield). [1] The company has targeted female consumers with the arrival of Jacqueline Gold. Passion8 , Stringfellows , Playboy , Beate Uhse AG , Nookii, Utopia Supplies, LoveHoney , Temptations Direct, Sh! Women's Erotic Emporium and more traditional retailers ( Superdrug , Boots [2] ) / internet sellers ( Amazon.com [3] ) are some of Ann Summers competitors. [PAR] Having worked at Royal Doulton , Jacqueline Gold decided she did not want to go into management, and asked her father David Gold to gain extra work experience. After acquiring the four stores of the \"Ann Summers\" chain in 1972 with his brother Ralph Gold, they gave Jacqueline at the age of 19 summer work experience in May 1979 - Jacqueline was paid \u00a345 a week, less than the tea lady. [4] [PAR] As her parents had separated when she was 12, Jacqueline was not close to her father. Gold also didn't like the atmosphere at \"Ann Summers\", which was Gold Group's \"up market\" clean sex shop. Jacqueline says of her introduction: \"It wasn't a very nice atmosphere to work in. It was all men, it was the sex industry as we all perceive it to be.\" [PAR] Ann Summers, 79 Wardour Street, London [PAR] Ann Summers in Kingston upon Hull . [PAR] But a chance visit to a Tupperware-style fashion party in an east London flat in 1981 changed everything - Jacqueline saw the potential of selling sexy lingerie and sex toys to women in the privacy of their own homes. Jacqueline launched the Ann Summers Party Plan - a home marketing plan for sex toys, with a strict \"no men allowed\" policy. These parties were and remain immensely popular, providing women with an excuse to meet for a party and talk about sex, and have entered British popular culture. They also provided the company with a way of circumventing the law which limited their presentation space for sex toys [5] . [PAR] Jacqueline was made Chief Executive of the company in 1987. Jacqueline transformed the chain into a multi-million pound business, with a sales force today of over 7,500 women as party organisers; 139 [6] high street stores in the UK, Ireland , Channel Islands and Valencia , Spain ; with an annual turnover of \u00a3110 million in 2006/7. [7] In 1999 the chain relaunched its website, and in 2000 it acquired the five stores of the Knickerbox brand [8] and its range of premium site lingerie kiosks - \"Knickerbox\" concessions are now in every Ann Summers store. [PAR] Although the chain has one licensed sex shop in Bristol selling a wide range of products, Jacqueline has described the latest award-winning new store concept as: \"Wonderful! Every time I walk in, it feels as if I\u2018m entering an intimate, sexy and very girly boudoir. I just love it.\" [9] [PAR] The company's head office was raided as part of an immigration check"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Halloween (1978) - IMDb Halloween (1978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Fifteen years after murdering his sister on Halloween night 1963, Michael Myers escapes from a mental hospital and returns to the small town of Haddonfield to kill again. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 06 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 29 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 20 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Halloween \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] While Sheriff Brackett and Dr. Loomis hunt for Michael Myers, a traumatized Laurie is rushed to hospital, and the serial killer is not far behind her. [PAR] Director: Rick Rosenthal [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.5/10 X [PAR] Several people are hunted by a cruel serial killer who kills his victims in their dreams. While the survivors are trying to find the reason for being chosen, the murderer won't lose any chance to kill them as soon as they fall asleep. [PAR] Director: Wes Craven [PAR] A group of camp counselors is stalked and murdered by an unknown assailant while trying to reopen a summer camp which, years before, was the site of a child's drowning. [PAR] Director: Sean S. Cunningham [PAR] Two siblings visit their grandfather's grave in Texas along with three of their friends and are attacked by a family of cannibalistic psychopaths. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] When a teenage girl is possessed by a mysterious entity, her mother seeks the help of two priests to save her daughter. [PAR] Director: William Friedkin [PAR] A year after the murder of her mother, a teenage girl is terrorized by a new killer, who targets the girl and her friends by using horror films as part of a deadly game. [PAR] Director: Wes Craven [PAR] Laurie Strode, now the dean of a Northern California private school with an assumed name, must battle the Shape one last time and now the life of her own son hangs in the balance. [PAR] Director: Steve Miner [PAR] Five friends travel to a cabin in the woods, where they unknowingly release flesh-possessing demons. [PAR] Director: Sam Raimi [PAR] Ten years after his original massacre, the invalid Michael Myers awakens and returns to Haddonfield to kill his seven-year-old niece on Halloween. Can Dr. Loomis stop him? [PAR] Director: Dwight H. Little [PAR] A family's home is haunted by a host of ghosts. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] There is panic throughout the nation as the dead suddenly come back to life. The film follows a group of characters who barricade themselves in an old farmhouse in an attempt to remain safe from these flesh eating monsters. [PAR] Director: George A. Romero [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.1/10 X [PAR] After being committed for 17 years, Michael Myers,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MDOT - Mackinac Bridge - State of Michigan MDOT - Mackinac Bridge [PAR] Mackinac Bridge [PAR] Mackinac Bridge [PAR] Mackinac Bridge [PAR] The Mackinac Bridge is located on Interstate 75 in northern Michigan at the Straits of Mackinac.The iconic bridge connects Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas. Mackinaw City is located at the south end of the bridge, while St. Ignace is located at the north end. [PAR] Area attractions include the fort grounds at Fort Michilimackinac in Mackinaw City, designated a National Historic landmark in 1960, and camping and recreational opportunities on both sides of the bridge. [PAR] The Mackinac Bridge Authority opened an eight-acre Bridge View Park on June 12, 2002. The park, on the north side of the bridge, is a spectacular place to view and photograph the \"Mighty Mac.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How I Won the War (1967) - IMDb How I Won the War (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] How I Won the War ( 1967 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] An inept British WWII commander leads his troops to a series of misadventures in North Africa and Europe. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 24 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 31 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 06 Sep 2015 [PAR] Title: How I Won the War (1967) [PAR] 5.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Magical Mystery Tour (TV Movie 1967) [PAR] Comedy | Musical [PAR] Directors: George Harrison, John Lennon, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison [PAR] Ringo finds himself the human sacrifice target of a cult and the band must try to protect him from it. [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] The filmed account of the Beatles's attempt to recapture their old group spirit by making a back to basics album, which instead drove them further apart. [PAR] Director: Michael Lindsay-Hogg [PAR] A biography of the rock music star. [PAR] Director: Andrew Solt [PAR] A wily slave must unite a virgin courtesan and his young smitten master to earn his freedom. [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] George Harrison's friends, family, and bandmates unite for a tribute concert on the one-year anniversary of his death. [PAR] Director: David Leland [PAR] A \"typical\" day in the life of The Beatles , including many of their famous songs. [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] The first benefit rock concert when major musicians performed to raise humanitarian relief funds for the refugees of Bangladesh of 1971 war. [PAR] Director: Saul Swimmer [PAR] The Beatles Anthology (TV Mini-Series 1995) [PAR] Documentary | Music [PAR] An autobiographical documentary of the greatest of the rock bands. [PAR] Stars: Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr [PAR] In England, the times are a changing: it's mods and rockers. On the day Nancy gets off the London train, cases in hand, looking for the YWCA, Colin has had enough of missing out on the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] Set in post-nuclear-holocaust England, where a handful of bizarre characters struggle on with their lives in the ruins, amongst endless heaps of ash, piles of broken crockery and brick, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] This film features former Beatle John Lennon and Roy Kinnear as ill-fated enlisted men in under the inept command of Lieutenant Earnest Goodbody. The story unwinds mostly in flashbacks of Lieutenant Goodbody who has lower-class beginnings and education which make him a poor officer who commands one of the worst units of the army. Written by Jenny Evans <J.Evans@uts.edu.au> [PAR] See All (39) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] If You Think Richard Lester's 'How I Won The War' Is Just Another War Film, Forget It... See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seychelles travel guide - Wikitravel Seychelles travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Time Zone [PAR] UTC+4 [PAR] The Seychelles [1] are a group of 115 islands, only a few inhabited, in the Indian Ocean that lie off the coast of East Africa , northeast of Madagascar . [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] The Seychelles were disputed between France and Great Britain during the age of colonialism, with Britain ending up in control in 1814 after the Napoleonic Wars. The islands achieved independence in 1976; however, free elections did not occur until 1993. The politics of this island group remain in something of a state of flux, although this should not bother the tourist seeking a relaxing beach vacation. [PAR] Get in[ edit ] [PAR] No visa is required, but Seychellois (pronounced se-sel-wa) authorities make sure you are not entering to stay for good. Therefore, the following items MUST be presented to the immigration officer: [PAR] A passport valid on the date of entry to and exit from Seychelles. [PAR] Your return ticket. [PAR] Your hotel voucher. [PAR] At least 150 USD per day. They will ask for cash, show them. If you have credit cards, show them - you may be asked for the credit balance you have. [PAR] A statement of good health and a statement that you are not importing plants or infected animals (The flight attendants in your flight will provide you these papers). [PAR] Visitors without pre-booked accommodation are likely to be compelled to book one at the airport for the length of their stay before being allowed to leave the airport. An initial entry permit is granted for 1 month but can be extended for a maximum of 3 months at a time up to a maximum of 1 year in total. See the official travel web-site [2] . [PAR] By plane[ edit ] [PAR] The only international gateway to the Seychelles is Seychelles International Airport (SEZ) near Victoria . Air Seychelles [3] . International service is also available from Addis Ababa (Ethiopian Airlines [4] ), Nairobi (Kenya Airways [5] ), Dubai (Emirates [6] ), Abu Dhabi (Etihad [7] ) and Doha (Qatar Airways [8] ), and regular charter services from Frankfurt (Condor [9] ). [PAR] Centre of Victoria [PAR] By boat[ edit ] [PAR] The strict controls imposed on cruising yachts in the early 1990s have been gradually lifted and rules and regulations are no longer so complicated. However, some restrictions remain in force, mostly for the sake of environmental protection as most of the islands are surrounded by coral reefs near the surface. [PAR] By plane[ edit ] [PAR] Air Seychelles [10] operates multiple daily flights between Mahe and Praslin. Over two dozen flights vary in frequency from 15 minute to 2 hour intervals, depending on time of day. [PAR] On Mahe the flights depart from the modest domestic terminal, located just next to the international terminal. The tiny airport on Praslin is modern and comfortable. [PAR] Air Seychelles also operates once daily or several times per week between Mahe and the islands of Bird, Denis, Fregate, Desroches and Alphonse. Assumption Island and Coetivy can be reached by air charter. [PAR] By helicopter[ edit ] [PAR] Zil Air provides charter helicopter flights to/from most of the inner and outer Seychelles islands. It is the only scenic flight operator in the Seychelles. Scenic flights can be booked to cover the main islands of Mah\u00e9, Praslin, La Digue and the surrounding smaller islands of (among others) Cousine, F\u00e9licit\u00e9, Grande Seour, Curieuse and Bird Island. [PAR] By boat[ edit ] [PAR] As of June 2013,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jelly Roll Morton and his Red Hot Peppers - Dr. Jazz (1926 ... Jelly Roll Morton and his Red Hot Peppers - Dr. Jazz (1926) - YouTube [PAR] Jelly Roll Morton and his Red Hot Peppers - Dr. Jazz (1926) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 20, 2014 [PAR] Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe (Oct.20,1890 - July 10,1941), known professionally as Jelly Roll Morton, was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist, bandleader and composer who started [PAR] his career in New Orleans, Louisiana. [PAR] Widely recognized as a pivotal figure in early jazz, Morton is perhaps most notable as jazz's first arranger, proving that a genre rooted in improvisation could retain its essential spirit and [PAR] characteristics when notated. [PAR] His composition \"Jelly Roll Blues\" was the first published jazz composition, in 1915. Morton is also notable for naming and popularizing the \"Spanish Tinge\" (habanera rhythm and tresillo), [PAR] and for writing such standards as \"King Porter Stomp\", \"Wolverine Blues\", \"Black Bottom Stomp\", and \"I Thought I Heard Buddy Bolden Say\", the latter a tribute to New Orleans personalities [PAR] from the turn of the 19th century to 20th century. [PAR] Reputed for his arrogance and self-promotion as often as recognized in his day for his musical talents, Morton claimed to have invented jazz outright in 1902, much to the derision of later [PAR] musicians and critics. The jazz historian, musician, and composer Gunther Schuller says of Morton's \"hyperbolic assertions\" that there is \"no proof to the contrary\" and that Morton's [PAR] \"considerable accomplishments in themselves provide reasonable substantiation\". However, the scholar Katy Martin has argued that Morton's bragging was exaggerated by Alan Lomax in the [PAR] book Mister Jelly Roll, and this portrayal has influenced public opinion and scholarship on Morton since. [PAR] Jelly Roll Morton and his Red Hot Peppers - Dr. Jazz (1926) [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Jelly Roll Morton\u2019s Biography \u2014 Free listening, videos ... Jelly Roll Morton\u2019s Biography \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] Jelly-Roll Morton's Red Hot Peppers [PAR] Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe (October 20, 1890 \u2013 July 10, 1941), known professionally as Jelly Roll Morton, was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist, bandleader and composer who started his career in New Orleans, Louisiana. [PAR] Widely recognized as a pivotal figure in early jazz, Morton is perhaps most notable as jazz's first arranger, proving that a genre rooted in improvisation could retain its essential spirit and characteristics when notated. His composition \"Jelly Roll Blues\" was the first published jazz composition, in 1915. Morton is also notable for naming and popularizing the \"Spanish tinge\" (habanera rhythm and tresillo), and for writing such standards as \"Wolverine Blues\", \"Black Bottom Stomp\", and \"I Thought I Heard Buddy Bolden Say\", the latter a tribute to New Orleans personalities from the turn of the 19th century to 20th century. [PAR] Reputed for his arrogance and self-promotion as often as recognized in his day for his musical talents, Morton claimed to have invented jazz outright in 1902 \u2014 much to the derision of later musicians and critics. The jazz historian, musician, and composer Gunther Schuller says of Morton's \"hyperbolic assertions\" that there is \"no proof to the contrary\" and that Morton's \"considerable accomplishments in themselves provide reasonable substantiation\". However, the scholar Katy Martin has argued"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5 Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5 [PAR] May 27 [PAR] Queen Mary's Maiden Voyage [PAR] On this day in 1936, the British luxury liner RMS Queen Mary made her maiden voyage. She traveled from Southampton, England to New York. [PAR] Back and Forth. For more than 30 years, the Queen Mary made 1001 ocean crossings, transporting hundreds of thousands of passengers across the Atlantic. In 1967, the ship known as \"The Inevitable Ship\" was sold to the city of Long Beach, California. [PAR] History Moments. The Cunard Line began plans for a pair of new super liners to replace the Mauretania, Aquitania and Berengaria on their North Atlantic route back in 1926. The first keel plate was not laid until 1930. Work began on the new Southampton dry dock in June of 1931, only to be halted that December because of the Depression and an inability to secure further bank loans. By then the hull plating was 80% complete; the ship stood nine stories tall. In April of 1934, 28 months later, construction resumed and continued through 1936, when King Edward VIII made an inspection tour of the ship. [PAR] On This Day in 1936, the Queen Mary departed Southampton at 4:33 PM, arriving in at Cherbourg, France at 8:47 p.m. and departing at 12:39 a.m. the following morning. She arrived in New York, at Pier 90, 5 days, 5 hours, and 13 minutes later. [PAR] Queen Mary Fights in the War. The Queen Mary did its part for the war effort. From 1940 to 1946, she carried a total of 765,429 military personnel, sailing a total of 569,429 miles. The luxury liner carried up to 15,000 troops at a time. The ship not only carried wounded returning to the United States; she transported Winston Churchill three times to conferences, and carried 12,886 G.I. brides and children."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oedipus, Greece, Greek mythology Oedipus, Greece, Greek mythology [PAR] Greek Mythology [PAR] Zethos [PAR] Oedipus [PAR] Tragic king of Thebes, con of Laius and Jocasta, who was left to die by his father with a spear through his foot, since an oracle had said Oedipus would kill him. The baby was found by a shepherd, who named him and gave him to be adopted by the king Polybus of Corinth. [PAR] When it was prophesised that Oedipus would kill his father, he left, not knowing Polybus was not his real parent. On his way he met a man he took for a robber, and killed him. This turned out to be Laius, thus the prophecy was fulfilled. [PAR] On his way towards Thebes he met the Sphinx, a creatures who would only let the person who could solve its' riddle live. The question was: what begins with four legs, lives with two and dies with three. The wise Oedipus answered: man, for he is born crawling, lives walking and dies with a cain in his hand. Then he killed the monster. [PAR] As a reward for killing the Sphinx Oedipus married Queen Jocasta, neither of them knowing who he really was. They had four children: Antigone, Ismene, Crean and Polynices. On discovering who he really was, Oedipus tore out his eyes, cursed himself and his sons and left Thebes with Antigone, and Jocasta committed suicide. [PAR] He died at a shrine of the Eumenides near Athens and became the protecting hero of the city. [PAR] The story of Oedipus inspired Shakespeare when he wrote king Lear, and when Freud spoke of the Oedipus complex, he meant the son's secret wish to kill his father and marry his mother. [PAR] Greek Gods"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] II. Osteology. 6b. 2. The Metacarpus. Gray, Henry. 1918 ... II. Osteology. 6b. 2. The Metacarpus. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. [PAR] Henry Gray (1821\u00961865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918. [PAR] [PAR] 6b. 2. The Metacarpus [PAR] [PAR] The metacarpus consists of five cylindrical bones which are numbered from the lateral side (ossa metacarpalia I-V); each consists of a body and two extremities. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] Common Characteristics of the Metacarpal Bones.\u0097The Body (corpus; shaft).\u0097The body is prismoid in form, and curved, so as to be convex in the longitudinal direction behind, concave in front. It presents three surfaces: medial, lateral, and dorsal. The medial and lateral surfaces are concave, for the attachment of the Interossei, and separated from one another by a prominent anterior ridge. The dorsal surface presents in its distal two-thirds a smooth, triangular, flattened area which is covered in the fresh state, by the tendons of the Extensor muscles. This surface is bounded by two lines, which commence in small tubercles situated on either side of the digital extremity, and, passing upward, converge and meet some distance above the center of the bone and form a ridge which runs along the rest of the dorsal surface to the carpal extremity. This ridge separates two sloping surfaces for the attachment of the Interossei dorsales. To the tubercles on the digital extremities are attached the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints. [PAR] 3 [PAR] The Head or Digital Extremity (capitulum) presents an oblong surface markedly convex from before backward, less so transversely, and flattened from side to side; it articulates with the proximal phalanx. It is broader, and extends farther upward, on the volar than on the dorsal aspect, and is longer in the antero-posterior than in the transverse diameter. On either side of the head is a tubercle for the attachment of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The dorsal surface, broad and flat, supports the Extensor tendons; the volar surface is grooved in the middle line for the passage of the Flexor tendons, and marked on either side by an articular eminence continuous with the terminal articular surface. [PAR] 4 [PAR] [PAR] Characteristics of the Individual Metacarpal Bones.\u0097The First Metacarpal Bone (os metacarpale I; metacarpal bone of the thumb) (Fig. 229) is shorter and stouter than the others, diverges to a greater degree from the carpus, and its volar surface is directed toward the palm. The body is flattened and broad on its dorsal surface, and does not present the ridge which is found on the other metacarpal bones; its volar surface is concave from above downward. On its radial border is inserted the Opponens pollicis; its ulnar border gives origin to the lateral head of the first Interosseus dorsalis. The base presents a concavo-convex surface, for articulation with the greater multangular; it has no facets on its sides, but on its radial side is a tubercle for the insertion of the Abductor pollicis longus. The head is less convex than those of the other metacarpal bones, and is broader from side to side than from before backward. On its volar surface are two articular eminences, of which the lateral is the larger, for the two sesamoid bones in the tendons of the Flexor pollicis brevis. [PAR] FIG. 229\u0096 The first metacarpal. (Left.) ( See enlarged image ) [PAR] [PAR] The Second Metacarpal Bone (os metacarpale II; metacarpal bone of the index finger) (Fig. 230) is the longest, and its base the largest, of the four remaining bones. Its base is prolonged upward and medialward, forming a prominent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fendi Designer Eyewear | The Vision Gallery | South Edmonton Fendi Designer Eyewear | The Vision Gallery | South Edmonton [PAR] You are here: Home \u00bb Frame Selection \u00bb Fendi Eyewear [PAR] Fendi is an Italian fashion design house that was founded by Adele Casagrande in Rome in 1925. Today the brand is overseen by Silvia Venturini Fendi and designed by Karl Lagerfeld. It is known for being luxurious and glamorous, down to the tiny details. [PAR] Some of the frames in their lines (one for men and one for women) certainly fit the bill in an obvious way. Oversized acetate frames are decorated with dozens of tiny Swarovski crystals and tortoiseshell frames have gold metal detailing at the top, while other pairs are made of injected nylon and decorated with enamel trim \u2013 and those are just some of their non-prescription sunglasses! [PAR] Fendi\u2019s prescription eyewear for both men and women is a little more sedate, but still as flashy and glamorous. Some are fully rimmed, while others only have partial rims. The latter are made from a mix of metal and acetate, while the former consist of acetate. The colors range from blue to black, some with the trademark Fendi F pattern on the outside of the earpieces so that the world knows who designed your eyeglasses. [PAR] Fendi 0003"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scarlet Inside - A Tribute to Will Scarlet from Robin of ... Scarlet Inside - A Tribute to Will Scarlet from Robin of Sherwood [PAR] Robin Hood Links - just what it says [PAR] About Ray Winstone - biography, career details, interviews (including Starlog interview about the role of Will Scarlet). Constantly updated. [PAR] Please take a moment to sign my guestbook: [PAR] or feel free to mail me directly with your thoughts to Alys [PAR] The font used for the text throughout this site is Book Antiqua. Most Windows PCs will already have it installed, but if you do not, you can download it here , unzip it and install it in your Windows/Fonts directory. It makes a pleasant change from Times New Roman. [PAR] The DVDs of all three series of 'Robin of Sherwood' are now available in PAL Region 0 coding (Europe). They are available as doubles and have remastered pictures and sound and come complete with extras such as new interviews with the entire main cast and creative team. Click here to buy the videos and DVDs you want. From 10 Nov 2003 the complete 'Robin of Sherwood' DVDs is available in a single boxed set . [PAR] The Region 1 NTSC version of Robin of Sherwood is currently available exclusively on the Network website for ordering. It is a limited edition (1500 only) 9 disc box set and features all the material currently available on the UK discs. The price is \u00a399.99 plus shipping. The artwork on the actual discs and individual sleeves reflects the UK editions but the actual outer box is exclusive to this particular version. Unfortunately the discs won't be available individually. These limited edition RoS NTSC DVDs will only be available via the Network Video Website. [PAR] The complete PAL and NTSC box set videos of 'Robin of Sherwood' have now been deleted, and only the PAL individual videos (3 episodes each) are now available. The best online price is at Black Star , so check with them for availability. [PAR] Site first created 22 August 1998 [PAR] If you would like to link to my site, please let me know [PAR] and feel free to use either of these banners..[DOC] [TLE] Robin of Sherwood [1984-1986] -- Robin Hood Spotlight of ... Robin of Sherwood [1984-1986] -- Robin Hood Spotlight of the Month [PAR] (An HTV production in association with Goldcrest Television Limited) [PAR] 1984 - 86, 26 Episodes* [PAR] (Counting the four double-length stories as two episodes, although they were sometimes broadcast as individual episodes or as two-hour movie-length episodes) [PAR] For a more in-depth look at this series I conducted two interviews. [PAR] Series creator Richard Carpenter shares his thoughts on RoS. [PAR] Mark Ryan (Nasir) offers many insights on playing the first Muslim Merry Man, the filming of the series and the Pagan elements of the show. [PAR] I also created a Robin of Sherwood timeline which others have expanded on. [PAR] Richard Carpenter, the creator of Robin of Sherwood, passed away on Feb. 26, 2012. This article was originally written in the early days of my website. I'm busy writing a new and considerably larger article about the show -- one of my favourite versions of the legend. [PAR] 2015 Update: Robin of Sherwood will be returning as a special audio drama next year produced by Barnaby Eaton-Jones and executive produced by Spiteful Puppet , who are also responsible for the award-winning Hood series of audio dramas. As for the script, it's adapted from a film script written by series creator Richard Carpenter. The surviving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Arts & Crafts Home - achome.co.uk The Arts & Crafts Home [PAR] PANELLING [PAR] THE GOTHIC REVIVAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE [PAR] The Gothic Revival was an architectural movement which originated in mid-18th century England. In the nineteenth century, increasingly serious and learned neo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval forms, in distinction to the classical styles which were prevalent at the time. The Gothic Revival was paralleled and supported by medievalism, which had its roots in antiquarian concerns with survivals and curiosities. The movement had significant influence throughout the United Kingdom as well as in Europe and North America, and perhaps more Gothic architecture was built in nineteenth and twentieth centuries than had originally ever been built. [PAR] In English literature, the architectural Gothic Revival and classical Romanticism gave rise to the Gothic novel genre, beginning with Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, and inspired a 19th century genre of medieval poetry which stems from the pseudo-bardic poetry of \"Ossian.\" Poems like \"Idylls of the King\" by Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson recast specifically modern themes in medieval settings of Arthurian romance. In German literature, the Gothic Revival also had a grounding in literary fashions. [PAR] History [PAR] Survival and revival [PAR] Gothic architecture did not die out completely in the 15th century, but instead lingered on in on-going cathedral-building projects and the construction of churches in increasingly isolated rural districts of England, France, Spain and Germany. In Bologna, in 1646, the Baroque architect Carlo Rainaldi constructed Gothic vaults (completed 1658) for the Basilica of San Petronio which had been under construction since 1390; there, the Gothic context of the structure overrode considerations of the current architectural mode. Similarly, Gothic architecture survived in an urban setting during the later 17th century, as shown in Oxford and Cambridge, where some additions and repairs to Gothic buildings were apparently considered to be more in keeping with the style of the original structures than contemporary Baroque. Sir Christopher Wren's Tom Tower for Christ Church College, Oxford University, and, later, Nicholas Hawksmoor's west towers of Westminster Abbey, blur the boundaries between what is called \"Gothic survival\" and the Gothic revival. [PAR] In the mid 18th century, with the rise of Romanticism, an increased interest and awareness of the Middle Ages among some influential connoisseurs created a more appreciative approach to selected medieval arts, beginning with church architecture, the tomb monuments of royal and noble personages, stained glass, and late Gothic illuminated manuscripts. Other Gothic arts continued to be disregarded as barbaric and crude, however: tapestries and metalwork, as examples. Sentimental and nationalist associations with historical figures were as strong in this early revival, as purely aesthetic concerns. A few Britons, and soon some Germans, began to appreciate the picturesque character of ruins - \"picturesque\" becoming a new aesthetic quality - and those mellowing effects of time that the Japanese call wabi-sabi and which Horace Walpole independently admired, mildly tongue-in-cheek, as \"the true rust of the Barons' wars.\" The \"Gothick\" details of Walpole's Twickenham villa, \"Strawberry Hill,\" (illustrated, left) appealed to the rococo tastes of the time, and by the 1770s, thoroughly neoclassical architects such as Robert Adam and James Wyatt were prepared to provide Gothic details in drawing-rooms, libraries, and chapels, for a romantic vision of a Gothic abbey, Fonthill Abbey in Wiltshire. Inveraray Castle, constructed from 1746 with design input from William Adam, displays early revival of Gothic features in Scotland. The \"Gothick\" style was an architectural manifestation of the artificial \"picturesque\" seen elsewhere in the arts: these ornamental temples and summer-houses ignored the structural logic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cameo | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary cameo | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] Collins English Dictionary. Copyright \u00a9 HarperCollins Publishers [PAR] Word origin of 'cameo' [PAR] C15: from Italian cammeo, of uncertain origin [PAR] cameo in American English (\u02c8k\u00e6mi\u02cco\u028a ; kam\u02c8\u0113\u014d\u02cc) [PAR] Definitions [PAR] nounWord forms: plural \u02c8came\u02ccos [PAR] 1. a carving in relief on certain stratified gems (sardonyx, agate , etc.) or shells so that the raised design, often a head in profile, is usually in a layer of different color from its background. see also intaglio [PAR] 2. a gem, shell, etc. so carved [PAR] 3. [PAR] a. a minor but well-defined role in a play, film, etc., esp. when performed by a notable actor [PAR] Webster\u2019s New World College Dictionary, Fourth Edition, compiled by the editors of Webster\u2019s New World Dictionaries. Copyright \u00a9 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved. [PAR] Word origin of 'cameo'[DOC] [TLE] Cameo - definition of cameo by The Free Dictionary Cameo - definition of cameo by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Cameo - definition of cameo by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cameo [PAR] n. pl. cam\u00b7e\u00b7os [PAR] 1. [PAR] a. A gem or shell carved in relief, especially one in which the raised design and the background consist of layers of contrasting colors. [PAR] b. The technique of carving in this way. [PAR] c. A medallion with a profile cut in raised relief. [PAR] 2. A brief vivid portrayal or depiction: a literary cameo. [PAR] 3. A brief appearance of a prominent actor or celebrity, as in a single scene of a motion picture. Also called cameo role. [PAR] v. cam\u00b7e\u00b7oed, cam\u00b7e\u00b7o\u00b7ing, cam\u00b7e\u00b7os [PAR] v.tr. [PAR] 1. To make into or like a gem or shell carved in relief. [PAR] 2. To portray in sharp, delicate relief, as in a literary composition. [PAR] v.intr. [PAR] To make a brief appearance, as in a film: She cameoed as Anne Boleyn in A Man for All Seasons. [PAR] [Italian cameo and Middle English cameu (from Old French camaieu and Medieval Latin camah\u016btus).] [PAR] cameo [PAR] n, pl cameos [PAR] 1. (Art Terms) [PAR] a. a medallion, as on a brooch or ring, with a profile head carved in relief [PAR] b. (as modifier): a cameo necklace. [PAR] 2. (Jewellery) an engraving upon a gem or other stone of at least two differently coloured layers, such as sardonyx, so carved that the background is of a different colour from the raised design [PAR] 3. (Jewellery) a stone with such an engraving [PAR] 4. (Film) [PAR] a. a single and often brief dramatic scene played by a well-known actor or actress in a film or television play [PAR] b. (as modifier): a cameo role. [PAR] 5. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) [PAR] a. a short literary work or dramatic sketch [PAR] b. (as modifier): a cameo sketch. [PAR] [C15: from Italian cammeo, of uncertain origin] [PAR] cam\u2022e\u2022o [PAR] 1. n \u2192 cammeo [PAR] 2. adj (ring, brooch) \u2192 con cammeo (Cine, Theatre) (role, part) \u2192 breve apparizione f (di un attore o un'attrice famoso/a) [PAR] cameo [PAR] (\u02c8k\u04d5mi\u0259u) \u2013 plural \u02c8cameos \u2013 noun [PAR] an engraved stone with a raised design, used as jewellery. kamee \u062d\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064c \u062b\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062d\u064e\u062a\u064f \u0637\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0644\u0652\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062d\u0650\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064b \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u044f camafeu kamej die Kamera kam\u00e9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 (\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf) camafeo kamee \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0642 kamee cam\u00e9e \u05ea\u05b7\u05bc\u05db\u05e9\u05c1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d8 \u05d0\u05b6\u05d1\u05b6\u05df \u05e2\u05b4\u05dd \u05ea\u05b7\u05d1\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05d8 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0923 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928 kameja k\u00e1mea kameo gim-/skrautsteinn cammeo \u30ab\u30e1\u30aa (\ubcf4\uc11d) \uce74\uba54\uc624 kam\u0117ja kameja kameo camee kam\u00e9 kamea \u063a\u0645\u0649 \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0646\u06cd \u0645\u0681\u0643\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0685\u0648"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Centennial Tribute to Bette Davis - Classic Movies ... A Centennial Tribute to Bette Davis - Classic Movies - Best Source For Classic Films, Movie Stars and Directors [PAR] A Centennial Tribute to Bette Davis [PAR] Classic Movies - Best Source For Classic Films, Movie Stars and Directors > A Centennial Tribute to Bette Davis [PAR] A Centennial Tribute to Bette Davis [PAR] Her epitaph reads, \u201cShe did it the hard way.\u201d Hard way or not, Bette Davis did ither way. And while she had her detractors over the years \u2014 and for some people her films are an acquired taste \u2014 there\u2019s no doubt that she was one of the best. [PAR] Bette Davis was nominated 11 times for Best Actress Oscars (counting her famous write-in votes for Of Human Bondage), and won twice. Only Katharine Hepburn exceeds those totals (12 and four). [PAR] Ruth Elizabeth Davis was born April 5, 1908 in Lowell, Massachusetts. After studying dance and then drama as a youth, and debuting on Broadway in 1929 inBroken Dishes, she went to Hollywood in 1930. According to a biography written by Meredith Leonard, \u201cWhen she arrived in Hollywood, the studio representative who went to meet her train left without her because he could find no one who looked like a movie star.\u201d [PAR] But she persevered, and The Man Who Played God (1932) finally put her in the public eye. After her role in Of Human Bondage (1934), she was finally a star. She won Best Actress Oscars for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938). She began to get the kind of roles she wanted after an unsuccessful lawsuit against Warner Brothers, but after the 40s, her career waned, only to be reborn in the 60s with the horror films What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962) and Hush\u2026 Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964), as well as parts in made-for-TV films. [PAR] But it is for her roles in films like Dark Victory (1939), The Letter (1940), andNow, Voyager (1942) that she is best remembered by her fans, who have created a number of great Web sites which you\u2019ll find listed in alphabetical order on Part II of this four-part tribute, last updated in 2008 in honor of what would have been Ms. Davis\u2019 100th birthday. [PAR] Part I: Introduction[DOC] [TLE] Bette Davis (1908 - 1989) - Find A Grave Memorial Bette Davis (1908 - 1989) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] Departement des Hauts-de-Seine [PAR] \ufffdle-de-France, France [PAR] Actress. She was born Ruth Elizabeth Davis in Lowell, Massachusetts. At age ten her parents divorced and she was raised by her mother after a move to New York City. She began her career on Broadway. Bette Davis appeared in over 100 films receiving two Oscars, 10 nominations and three Emmy awards. A few of her major motion pictures: \"Dangerous (Oscar winner) Jezebel (Oscar winner) The Virgin Queen, What Ever Happened to Baby Jane and Hush, Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte.\" Late in her career she made television movies, winning her Emmy awards. Despite failing health, she continued to act. After her first stroke she made her last movie, \"The Whales of August.\" Bette Davis was a difficult Actress and had a tart tongue and many were on the receiving end. She was known for her witty and sometime sarcastic sayings and none was more poignant then when diagnosed with cancer and then suffered a stroke nine days later said, \"Growing old is not for sissies.\" Her demeanor was not without cost, she had four unhappy marriages, numerous affairs, estrangement from her children and a number of publicized"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble tile values: Why it\u2019s a mistake to change the ... Stefan Fatsis is the author of Word Freak and A Few Seconds of Panic and is a panelist on Hang Up and Listen . Follow him on Twitter. [PAR] Any Scrabble player can tell you that the X is actually worth eight points. But as Butts was creating the game, in a fifth-floor walkup in Queens, he tinkered\u2014with the layout of the board, with the total number of tiles, with their distribution, and with their respective point values. \u201cIt\u2019s not hit or miss,\u201d Butts said long afterward. \u201cIt\u2019s carefully worked out.\u201d [PAR] Seventy-five years later, Butts\u2019 carefully worked out point values are under attack. Late last month, a University of California\u2013San Diego, cognitive science postdoc and casual player named Joshua Lewis conducted a computer analysis to recalibrate Scrabble\u2019s letter values based on the game\u2019s current lexicon. Lewis reposted his findings to Hacker News, and they were picked up by Digg and went viral. Around the same time, Sam Eifling, writing for Deadspin, asked a programmer friend to do the same . Both were inspired by the fact that while the language had changed dramatically from the time Butts performed his calculations, the game of Scrabble had not. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] It\u2019s a fair observation. Since Scrabble was adopted in chess parlors in New York in the 1950s, competitive players have dissected its strategic quirks. One early realization was that short words have outsized value, so players scoured the preferred source (the now-defunct Funk & Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary) and compiled lists of two- and three-letter words. They also recognized that the most common letters showed up in a lot of words, so they recorded and memorized seven- and eight-letter words\u2014ones that would earn the 50-point bonus for using all seven tiles at once\u2014that contained A, E, I, N, R, S, and T, among other single-point letters. You didn\u2019t need a computer to see that the Q, though worth the most points, was a pain in the rack but the Z not so much. [PAR] Since the publication in 1978 of the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, a compilation of several standard college dictionaries, the game\u2019s word list has grown by tens of thousands of words. From a playing vantage, the addition of QI (a Chinese life force) and ZA (short for pizza) in the last lexicon update, in 2006, were game-changers. Players feared the new words would cheapen Scrabble, boosting scoring and elevating the role of chance. It didn\u2019t happen. The Q became less of a hindrance, a slightly fairer tile than before, and players adjusted strategy to account for the new gimmes. [PAR] That need to adjust validates Lewis\u2019 and Eifling\u2019s suspicion that the values assigned to letters aren\u2019t in perfect harmony with the frequency of their use in English or in its narrower subset, the Scrabble word list. The two approached the problem differently. Eifling and software developer Kyle Rimkus totaled the number of letters in Scrabble-eligible words (1.58 million), isolated the frequency of each letter, and then calculated how overvalued or undervalued each letter was compared to its existing point value. Lewis\u2019 approach was more complicated. He weighted letters not only by appearance in the Scrabble lexicon but also by the frequency with which they appear in words of different lengths (with emphasis on two-, three-, seven-, and eight-letter words) and by their ability to \u201ctransition\u201d into and out of other letters. [PAR] The findings don\u2019t differ much. In both analyses, the values of about half the letters change by one or two points. One"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ellen Burstyn Net Worth - Get Ellen Burstyn Net Worth Ellen Burstyn Net Worth - Get Ellen Burstyn Net Worth [PAR] Ellen Burstyn Net Worth [PAR] Ellen Burstyn Net Worth is$15 Million [PAR] VN:F [1.9.22_1171] [PAR] Rating: 3.0/5 (2 votes cast) [PAR] VN:F [1.9.22_1171] [PAR] Rating: 5.0/5 (1 vote cast) [PAR] Profession: Actor | Voice Actor | Model | Minister of religion [PAR] Date of Birth: 1932-12-07 [PAR] Nicknames: Edna Rae Gillooly, Ellen MacRae, Ellen McRae [PAR] Height: 1.7 m [PAR] Ethnicity: Irish American [PAR] Country: Detroit [PAR] Ellen Burstyn, born Edna Rae Gillooly, is and American actress with roots in theaters who has a net worth of $15 million. Ellen Burstyn was born on December 7, 1932. Burstyn was born to Correine Marie and John Austin Gillooly in Detroit, Michigan. She is the second child, her older brother is Jack Gillooly and her younger brother is Steve Gillooly. When she was young her parent were divorced and she and her brothers lived with her mother and stepfather. Later, she married Neil Burstyn in 1964. He later committed suicide in 1978. Burstyn attended Cass Technical High School with a major in fashion illustration. Her time in school was short as she dropped out after failing her classes. After high school, Burstyn got a job modeling in a Detroit department store. She would eventually move to Dallas, where she continued to model. Her acting career started in 1955 when she went to New York and appeared as the \"away we go\" girl on the \"Jackie Gleeson Show\". This was when she decided to change her name to Ellen Mcrae. Burstyn became a very successful actress. She was nominated for Best Supporting Actress for her first Academy Award from her role in the much-acclaimed drama, \"The Last Picture\" in 1971. After proving herself, Burstyn was often cast for lead roles. Her second nomination came shortly after her rise to fame with her performance for \"The Exorcist\" in 1973. She finally took home the Academy Award in 1974 for her role Alice Hyatt in the featured film by Martin Scorsese, \"Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore.\" Burstyn's impressive career saw her winning the Tony Award in 1975 in favor of her leading role in the Broadway film \"Same Time, Next Year,\" in which she went on to receive a Golden Globe Award and her 4th nomination for Academy Award for her glamorous presence in the film version of the Broadway production. Her versatility in acting both on stage and film has brought her much success and she became one of the few actresses in Hollywood, who have achieved the prestige Triple Crown of Acting. [PAR] Ellen Burstyn (born December 7, 1932) is an American actress. Her career began in theatre during the late 1950s, and over the next decade included several films and television series. [PAR] Burstyn's performance in the acclaimed 1971 ensemble drama The Last Picture Show brought her first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination, after which she moved from supporting to leading film and stage roles. Burstyn received a second Academy Award nomination for her lead performance in The Exorcist (1973), and won the Academy Award for Best Actress the following year for her work in Martin Scorsese's Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore. [PAR] In 1975, she won the Tony Award for her lead performance in the Broadway production of Same Time, Next Year, and received a Golden Globe Award and a fourth Academy Award nomination for her performance in the 1978 film version of the play. [PAR] Burstyn has worked consistently in film, television and theatre since,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Philadelphia (1993) - IMDb Philadelphia (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When a man with HIV is fired by his law firm because of his condition, he hires a homophobic small time lawyer as the only willing advocate for a wrongful dismissal suit. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 24 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 17 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 02 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Philadelphia \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 10 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] NASA must devise a strategy to return Apollo 13 to Earth safely after the spacecraft undergoes massive internal damage putting the lives of the three astronauts on board in jeopardy. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] A FedEx executive must transform himself physically and emotionally to survive a crash landing on a deserted island. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] An eastern immigrant finds himself stranded in JFK airport, and must take up temporary residence there. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A recently widowed man's son calls a radio talk-show in an attempt to find his father a partner. [PAR] Director: Nora Ephron [PAR] Two business rivals who despise each other in real life unwittingly fall in love over the Internet. [PAR] Director: Nora Ephron [PAR] Bonds of loyalty are put to the test when a hitman's son witnesses what his father does for a living. [PAR] Director: Sam Mendes [PAR] A detective must adopt the dog of a dead man to help him find the murderer. [PAR] Director: Roger Spottiswoode [PAR] A young man is reunited with a mermaid who saves him from drowning as a boy and falls in love not knowing who/what she is. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] On his first day on the job as a Los Angeles narcotics officer, a rookie cop goes on a 24-hour training course with a rogue detective who isn't what he appears. [PAR] Director: Antoine Fuqua [PAR] A law student uncovers a conspiracy, putting herself and others in danger. [PAR] Director: Alan J. Pakula [PAR] The story of Rubin \"Hurricane\" Carter, a boxer wrongly imprisoned for murder, and the people who aided in his fight to prove his innocence. [PAR] Director: Norman Jewison [PAR] A Pennsylvania band scores a hit in 1964 and rides the star-making machinery as long as it can, with lots of help from its manager. [PAR] Director: Tom Hanks [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Andrew Beckett, a gay, HIV positive lawyer, is fired from his law firm in fear that they might contract HIV from him. After Andrew is fired, in a last attempt for peace, he sues his former law firm with the help of a homophobic lawyer, Joe Miller. During the court battle, Miller sees that Beckett is no different than anyone else on the gritty streets of the city of brotherly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Understanding Chionophobia: The Fear of Snow - Verywell Understanding Chionophobia: The Fear of Snow [PAR] Understanding Chionophobia: The Fear of Snow [PAR] Search the site [PAR] Understanding Chionophobia: The Fear of Snow [PAR] A Look at This Weather-Related Natural Environment Phobia [PAR] By Lisa Fritscher [PAR] Updated March 30, 2016 [PAR] Chionophobia, or intense fear of snow, is a type of phobia categorized as a natural environment phobia. Natural environment phobias include other weather-related phobias like the fear of thunderstorms (astrophobia), the fear of wind (ancraophobia), and, of course, the fear of snow (chionophobia). According to the American Meteorological Society, natural environment phobias like chionophobia are the second most prevalent phobia subtype. [PAR] Chionophobia and the Fear of Snow [PAR] Chionophobia is not just a dislike of snow or a rational fear of severe weather forecasts, it is an irrational fear of snow that is typically linked to a fear of bodily harm or death. Though phobias can and do manifest themselves differently in different people's experiences, there are typically two primary fears behind chionophobia: the fear of becoming snowbound and the fear of being stranded in snow. [PAR] Symptoms of True Chionophobia [PAR] Like all phobias, the fear of snow may cause a variety of symptoms. Paying undue attention to weather reports, refusing to leave home during snowy weather, and experiencing panic attacks are extremely common in people with chionophobia. For people with true chionophobia, the mere forecast of a winter storm or snowfall can induce physiological symptoms of fear and anxiety like cold sweats, panic attacks, and even an unrealistic feeling of doom and dread. [PAR] Coping With Chionophobia [PAR] The best methods for coping with the fear of snow depend on the severity and the level of impact that your fear has on your life. Some people find that becoming educated about different types of snow and their effects on local conditions can calm their fears. Others find that gradual exposure to winter activities is calming. [PAR] If your fear is severe or life-limiting, however, seek the guidance of a trained mental health professional. Winter weather is a fact of life, but with proper assistance and hard work, there is no reason for it to seriously curtail your life when faced with snowy winter weather. [PAR] Other Snow-Related Fears [PAR] Like any phobia, the fear of snow is highly personalized. No two people experience snow phobia in precisely the same way and not all fears related to snow are, in fact, clinical phobias. Nonetheless, the vast majority of known snow-related fears fall into a handful of common categories. [PAR] Fear of Severe Weather [PAR] The fear of snow is often, although not always, associated with a more generalized weather-related phobia. Lilapsophobia is the fear of severe weather events, while astraphobia is the fear of more run of the mill storms. Although snowfall is not generally affiliated with thunder and lightning, these events may certainly occur. For those with a fear of weather-related phenomena, even the possibility of a severe storm may be enough to trigger a phobic reaction . [PAR] Fear of Being Trapped [PAR] Avalanches, unstable snow forts, and thin ice are just a few of the potential hazards of winter activities. Most people take precautions to guard against becoming seriously trapped by snow or ice, but for some people, the concept of being trapped is a major anxiety trigger. For people with a strong phobia of being trapped, even the slight sinking feeling of walking through a light layer of snow may be enough to induce a panic attack . [PAR] Fear of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] America's First Steam Locomotive, 1830 America's First Steam Locomotive, 1830 [PAR] America's First Steam Locomotive, 1830 [PAR] Printer Friendly Version >>> [PAR] In the 1820s the port of Baltimore was in danger. The threat came from the newly opened Erie Canal (see \"Traveling the Erie Canal, 1836\" ) and the proposed construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal that would parallel the Potomac River from Washington, DC to Cumberland, MD. These new water routes promised to provide a commercial gateway to the West that would bypass Baltimore's thriving harbor and potentially hurl the city into an economic abyss. Something had to be done. [PAR] A Modern Reconstruction of [PAR] the Tom Thumb [PAR] The local entrepreneurs looked across the Atlantic to England and found an answer in the newly developed railroad. In 1828, the Maryland syndicate, led by Charles Carroll - a signer of the Declaration of Independence - broke ground for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The railroad's objective was to connect Baltimore with the Ohio River and the West. Initially, the railroad's power was to be provided by horses. However, it soon became obvious that animal muscle was no match for the long distances and mountainous terrain that would have to be traveled. The solution lay with the steam engine. [PAR] By 1830, the B&O Railroad had extended its track from Baltimore to the village of Ellicott's Mills thirteen miles to the west. The railroad was also ready to test its first steam engine - an American-made locomotive engineered by Peter Cooper of New York. [PAR] It was a bright summer's day and full of promise. Syndicate members and friends piled into an open car pulled by a diminutive steam locomotive appropriately named the \"Tom Thumb\" with its inventor at the controls. Passengers thrilled at the heart-pumping sensation of traveling at the then un-heard speed of 18 mph. The outbound journey took less than an hour. On the return trip, an impromptu race with a horse-drawn car developed. The locomotive came out the loser. It was an inauspicious beginning. However, within a few years the railroad would become the dominate form of long-distance transportation and relegate the canals to the dustbin of commercial history. [PAR] ADVERTISMENT [PAR] \"...it was determined to have a race home.\" [PAR] John Latrobe was a lawyer for the B&O Railroad from its inception. He was present on that eventful day as the locomotive's builder piloted the \"Tom Thumb\" into history: [PAR] \"The boiler of Mr. Cooper's engine was not as large as the kitchen boiler attached to many a range in modern mansions. It was of about the same diameter, but not much more than half as high. It stood upright in the car, and was filled, above the furnace, which occupied the lower section, with vertical tubes. The cylinder was but three-and-a half inches in diameter, and speed was gotten up by gearing. No natural draught could have been sufficient to keep up steam in so small a boiler; and Mr. Cooper used therefore a blowing-apparatus, driven by a drum attached to one of the car wheels, over which passed a cord that in its turn worked a pulley on the shaft of the blower... [PAR] Mr. Cooper's success was such as to induce him to try a trip to Ellicott's Mills; and an open car, the first used upon the road, already mentioned, having been attached to his engine, and filled with the directors and some friends, the speaker among the rest, the first journey by steam in America was commenced. The trip was most interesting. The curves were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Singapore - Encyclopedia of the Nations Singapore [PAR] Singapore [PAR] Official name: Republic of Singapore [PAR] Area: 648 square kilometers (250 square miles) [PAR] Highest point on mainland: Bukit Timah (166 meters/545 feet) [PAR] Lowest point on land: Sea level [PAR] Hemispheres: Northern and Eastern [PAR] P.M. [PAR] = noon GMT [PAR] Longest distances: 42 kilometers (26 miles) from east-northeast to west-southwest; 23 kilometers (14 miles) from south-southeast to north-northwest [PAR] Land boundaries: None [PAR] Coastline: 193 kilometers (120 miles) [PAR] Territorial sea limits: 5.6 kilometers (3 nautical miles) [PAR] 1 LOCATION AND SIZE [PAR] The Republic of Singapore consists of a main island and sixty-three islets just south of the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Singapore, the second smallest country in Asia, is often described as a city-state. The diamond-shaped main island, which accounts for all but about 38 square kilometers (15 square miles) of the republic's area, is almost entirely urban. With a total area of 648 square kilometers (250 square miles), Singapore is nearly 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C. [PAR] 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES [PAR] Singapore has no territories or dependencies. [PAR] 3 CLIMATE [PAR] Singapore has a humid, rainy, tropical climate, with temperatures moderated by the seas surrounding the islands. Temperatures are nearly uniform throughout the year, averaging 25\u00b0C (77\u00b0F) in January and 27\u00b0C (81\u00b0F) in June. Although the island lies between 1 and 2 degrees north of the equator, the maritime influences moderate the heat of the region. The highest temperature ever recorded in Singapore is only 36\u00b0C (97\u00b0F). [PAR] Singapore is very humid, with heavy rainfall all year. Annual rainfall averages 237 centimeters (93 inches). The northeast monsoon that occurs between November and March brings the heaviest rainfall of the year. [PAR] 4 TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS [PAR] The main island has three major geographic divisions: an elevated, hilly area in the center; a section of lower, rolling land to the west; and flatlands to the east. Singapore's smaller islands are low-lying with coastal beaches. [PAR] 5 OCEANS AND SEAS [PAR] Singapore is located between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. [PAR] Seacoast and Undersea Features [PAR] The coastal waters surrounding Singapore are generally less than 30 meters (100 feet) deep. [PAR] Sea Inlets and Straits [PAR] Singapore is bordered on the north by the Johore Strait, which separates it from the Malay Peninsula, on the southeast by the Singapore Strait, and on the southwest by the Strait of Malacca. [PAR] Islands and Archipelagos [PAR] After Singapore Island, the next-largest island in the country is Pulau Tekong Besar to the northeast, with an area of only 18 square kilometers (7 square miles). [PAR] Coastal Features [PAR] The easternmost part of the coastline is smooth, but the rest has many indentations; the most important of these is the deep natural harbor at the mouth of the Singapore River on the southern coast. [PAR] 6 INLAND LAKES [PAR] Singapore has no significant natural lakes, but it has fourteen artificial bodies of water that were created by the construction of reservoirs. [PAR] 7 RIVERS AND WATERFALLS [PAR] Singapore's rivers are all short, including its main river, which has the same name as the island itself. The Singapore River flows into the wide harbor on the island's southeastern coast. Other rivers include the Seletar (at 14 Singapore's kilometers/9 miles, the longest on the island), Jurong, Kalang, Kranji, and Serangoon. [PAR] 8 DESERTS [PAR] There are no deserts in Singapore. [PAR] 9 FLAT AND ROLLING TERRAIN [PAR] Aside from Bukit Timah Hill, the main island's highest point, Singapore's central hills include Mandai"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1950 FIFA WORLD CUP 121 (4.65 per match) [PAR] [PAR] A total of 34 teams signed up to participate in the 1950 World Cup qualification rounds, competing for a total of 14 spots in the final tournament. Brazil , as the hosts, and Italy , as the defending champions, qualified automatically. [PAR] Several countries withdrew from the World Cup for a variety of reasons. Argentina said \"no\" because of a problem with the Brazilian soccer federation. Germany (occupied and partitioned) and Japan (occupied) were not allowed to participate in the qualification rounds. Countries that were behind the Iron Curtain declined to participate, including the Soviet Union, Hungary (the finalist of 1938), and Czechoslovakia (the finalist of 1934). [PAR] This was also the first time that the 4 teams from the UK (Scotland, England , Northern Ireland and Wales) decided to take part in the qualifying process, after 17 years of self-impose exile. They would play the British Home Championship as a qualifying group, with the top two teams qualifying. FIFA made a real effort to convince the teams from UK. They offered the vice presidency of FIFA to an Scottish Football Association (SFA) member, a place on the executive to the UK associations, and two places for the winners and runners-up of the 1950 British International Championship in the World Cup finals. [PAR] The 14 available spots were distributed in continental zones as shown below: [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] Europe (UEFA): 18 teams (including Israel and Syria) competed for 7 direct places. Italy , as the defending champions, qualified automatically. Austria and Belgium withdrew. Turkey qualified, but later withdrew. [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] South America (CONMEBOL): 7 teams competed for a 4 direct places. Brazil , as the host country, qualified automatically. Argentina (a dispute with the Brazilian Football Confederation), Ecuador and Peru (a dispute with FIFA and CONMEBOL) withdrew. Bolivia, Chile , Paraguay and Uruguay qualified by default without playing any match. [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] North America, Central America and Caribbean (CONCACAF): 3 teams competed for 2 spots. [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] Asia (AFC): 4 teams competed for 1 spot. Burma, the Philippines and Indonesia withdrew, so India qualified automatically. India qualified, but later withdrew. [PAR] [PAR] A total of 19 teams played at least one qualifying match. 26 qualifying matches were played, and 121 goals were scored. [PAR] The preliminary competition became something of a farce. Some teams qualified and then withdrew, others were invited and then decided not to take part. Originally, 16 teams qualified for the final stage that would be played in Brazil. However, three teams declined to participate and the tournament finally started with only 13 participants. Scotland, who had won the second place in the British Home Championship, decided to resign for having obtained the second place. George Graham, secretary of the SFA, had previously declared that the Scots would only go if they became British champions. Turkey also resigned citing financial problems. Finally, Peru also withdrew at the last minute, due to a dispute with FIFA and CONMEBOL. [PAR] Three teams were invited to fill these three gaps: United States , Portugal and France . Portugal refused. After the draw, India, that had qualified for the final stage in Brazil, decided not take part because in those days Indian footballers used to play barefoot, as they did in the Olympics in 1948, and from the 1950 World Cup it was compulsary to wear shoes. France was offered Turkey's spot and originally accepted, but then also withdrew citing the amount of travel that would be required in Group 4. [PAR] [PAR] External link: RSSSF"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] France State Symbols, Song, Flags and More - Worldatlas.com France State Symbols, Song, Flags and More - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Bird: Gallic Rooster [PAR] Coat of Arms: [PAR] Coat of Arms: The current emblem of France has been a symbol of France since 1953, although it does not have any legal status as an official coat of arms. It is printed on the cover of French passports and was adopted originally by the French Foreign Ministry as a symbol for use by diplomatic and consular missions during 1912. It is considered an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not respect heraldic rules. [PAR] The emblem consists of a wide shield with, on the one end a lion-head and on the other an eagle-head, bearing a monogram \"RF\" standing for Republique Francaise (French Republic). A laurel branch symbolizes victory of the Republic, the oak branch symbolizes perennity or wisdom, and the fasces is a symbol associated with justice (the bundle of rods and an axe, carried by Roman lictors). [PAR] Flag of France [PAR] Flower: Lily [PAR] Marianne: Marianne is present everywhere in France and holds a place of honor in town halls and law courts. She symbolizes the \"Triumph of the Republic\", and stands as a bronze sculpture overlooking Place de la Nation in Paris. Her profile is found on the official seal of the country, and engraved on coins and drawn on stamps and banknotes. Next to the flag, Marianne is considered the most prominent depiction of the French Republic. [PAR] Motto: \"Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite\" meaning \"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity\" [PAR] National Anthem: La Marseillaise (words and music by C. Rouget de Lisle), may be the best-known and most inspirational national anthem in the world. [PAR] National Emblem: The Gallic Rooster decorated French flags during the Revolution, and since 1848, the rooster has been seen on the seal of the Republic. It was used from 1899 as a motif on gold 20 franc coins and it occasionally appears on stamps. [PAR] National Holiday: July 14 (or \"Fete de la Federation\") is celebrated with a mixture of solemn military parades, dancing in the streets and fireworks. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 has been commemorated in France for more than a century."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barliman Butterbur - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Barliman Butterbur | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Barliman Butterbur owned the Prancing Pony for an unknown period of time in the late Third Age . He was fond of Hobbits and had two hobbit employees: Bob , who worked in the stables, and Nob , a servant. He knew Gandalf very well as he frequently came and stayed at the inn from time to time over the years. During the War of the Ring , he forgot to send Gandalf 's letter to Frodo , leaving Frodo uncertain as to Gandalf's fate and causing him to start his journey much later than the letter indicated. He did not remember it until Frodo and his companions arrived to stay at the inn, and even then it was long before the connection was made. [PAR] When Gandalf found out he threatened to burn up Butterbur but forgave him in light of his memory problems. He did, however, remember in time to produce Strider 's credentials. Gandalf then blesses his beer for seven years after he learns that Frodo and companions are alive and well and with Strider. [PAR] In The Return of the King after the War of the Ring, Butterbur was amazed to learn that Strider , a former patron of his inn and for whom he thought was a mere Ranger from out of the wild, had become a King . When the hobbits visit The Prancing Pony in the third book, Nob went home after dark everyday, which Butterbur kept on forgetting. [1] [2] [3] [PAR] Character [PAR] Barliman was a good-hearted fat man but notorious for his very bad memory, \"One thing drives out another\" he says. [PAR] Portrayal in adaptations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Churchill becomes prime minister - May 10, 1940 - HISTORY.com Churchill becomes prime minister - May 10, 1940 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Churchill becomes prime minister [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, is called to replace Neville Chamberlain as British prime minister following the latter\u2019s resignation after losing a confidence vote in the House of Commons. [PAR] In 1938, Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, giving Czechoslovakia over to German conquest but bringing, as Chamberlain promised, \u201cpeace in our time.\u201d In September 1939, that peace was shattered by Hitler\u2019s invasion of Poland. Chamberlain declared war against Germany but during the next eight months showed himself to be ill-equipped for the daunting task of saving Europe from Nazi conquest. After British forces failed to prevent the German occupation of Norway in April 1940, Chamberlain lost the support of many members of his Conservative Party. On May 10, Hitler invaded Holland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The same day, Chamberlain formally lost the confidence of the House of Commons. [PAR] Churchill, who was known for his military leadership ability, was appointed British prime minister in his place. He formed an all-party coalition and quickly won the popular support of Britons. On May 13, in his first speech before the House of Commons, Prime Minister Churchill declared that \u201cI have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat\u201d and offered an outline of his bold plans for British resistance. In the first year of his administration, Britain stood alone against Nazi Germany, but Churchill promised his country and the world that the British people would \u201cnever surrender.\u201d They never did. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Neville Chamberlain BBC - History - Neville Chamberlain [PAR] z [PAR] Neville Chamberlain \u00a9 Chamberlain was British prime minister between 1937 and 1940, and is closely associated with the policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany. [PAR] Arthur Neville Chamberlain was born on 18 March 1869 in Birmingham into a political family. His father, Joseph, was an influential politician of the late 19th century and Neville's older half-brother Austen held many Conservative cabinet positions in the early 20th century and won the Nobel Peace Prize. [PAR] Chamberlain was educated in Birmingham. After a successful career in business, in 1915 he was appointed lord mayor of Birmingham. In 1916, Lloyd George appointed him director-general of the department of national service, but disagreements between them led Chamberlain to resign. In 1918, Chamberlain was elected Conservative member of parliament for Ladywood in Birmingham and was rapidly promoted. He served as both chancellor of the exchequer (1923 - 1924) and minister of health (1923, 1924 -1929, 1931). In 1937, he succeeded Stanley Baldwin as prime minister. [PAR] Like many in Britain who had lived through World War One, Chamberlain was determined to avert another war. His policy of appeasement towards Adolf Hitler culminated in the Munich Agreement in which Britain and France accepted that the Czech region of the Sudetenland should be ceded to Germany. Chamberlain left Munich believing that by appeasing Hitler he had assured 'peace for our time'. However, in March 1939 Hitler annexed the rest of the Czech lands of Bohemia and Moravia, with Slovakia becoming a puppet state of Germany. Five months later in September 1939 Hitler's forces invaded Poland. Chamberlain responded with a British declaration of war on Germany. [PAR] In May 1940, after the disastrous Norwegian campaign, Chamberlain resigned and Winston Churchill became prime minister. Chamberlain served in Churchill's cabinet as lord president of the council. He died a few"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beauty from tragedy, \"I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day ... Beauty from tragedy, \"I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day\" | Communities Digital News [PAR] 1 2189 [PAR] Longfellow House [PAR] VIENNA, Va., December 15, 2014 \u2014 Many musicians and writers of poetry will admit that some of their finest work comes when they have experienced a death or a tragedy of some kind, that the writing of poetry has an almost cathartic effect on the writer. [PAR] Such is the case of one of the best known and most beloved carols associated with Christmas, \u201cI Heard the Bells on Christmas Day,\u201d which came from the pen of American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) and was written on Christmas Day, 1864. [PAR] His had been a tortured life in last few years before that day. On July 11, 1861, his wife Fanny had clipped some long curls from the head of her seven-year-old daughter, Edith, and wanting to save them in an envelope, melted a bar of sealing wax with a candle to seal the envelope. [PAR] Fanny Longfellow and two of her sons [PAR] Somehow the thin fabric of her clothing caught fire, and she quickly ran to Longfellow\u2019s nearby study for help. He immediately tried to extinguish the flames with a small rug, and when that failed, he threw his arms around Fanny to smother the flames, causing him to sustain serious burns on his face, arms, and hands. His heroic act did not suffice, and Fanny died the next morning of her injuries. Longfellow was unable to even attend the funeral. [PAR] Photographs of Longfellow taken or made after the fire usually show him with a full beard, since he was no longer able to shave properly due to the burns and scarring. [PAR] The coming of the holiday season in the Longfellow house became a time of grieving for his wife while trying to provide a happy time for the children left at home. It was during Christmas 1862 that he wrote in his journal, \u201cA \u2018merry Christmas\u2019 say the children, but that is no more for me.\u201d [PAR] He had also suffered another disappointment when his oldest son, Charles Appleton \u201cCharley\u201d Longfellow, quietly left their Cambridge, Mass. home, and enlisted in the Union Army much against the wishes of his father. [PAR] In mid-March, Longfellow had received word from Charles, saying, \u201cI have tried hard to resist the temptation of going without your leave, but I cannot any longer.\u201d The determined young man continued, \u201cI feel it to be my first duty to do what I can for my country and I would willingly lay down my life for it if it would be of any good.\u201d [PAR] He was 17 years old and went to Capt. W. H. McCartney, who was in charge of Battery A of the 1st Mass. Artillery, asking to be allowed to enlist. McCartney knew the boy and knew he did not have his father\u2019s permission, so he contacted the senior Longfellow to see if he could obtain it on his behalf. Longfellow conceded and acceded to the request. [PAR] Charles Longfellow [PAR] It was only a few months later that Charley came down with typhoid fever and malaria and was sent home to recover, not rejoining his unit until August 15, 1863. [PAR] Following the Gettysburg battle, which Charley had fortunately missed, the conflict made its way into Virginia, and it was at the Battle of New Hope Church, in Orange, VA., part of the Mine Run Campaign, that the young Lt. Longfellow sustained injuries, which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Food - Halloumi cheese recipes BBC - Food - Halloumi cheese recipes [PAR] FAQs [PAR] Halloumi cheese recipes [PAR] A firm, slightly springy white cheese from Cyprus, traditionally made with sheeps\u2019 milk, although these days mass-produced varieties often use cows\u2019 milk. [PAR] In texture, halloumi is similar to a firm mozzarella, making it a popular ingredient in Middle Eastern cooking. Unlike mozzarella, however, it has a strong salty flavour, particularly when preserved in brine. [PAR] Recipes using halloumi cheese [PAR] See all recipes using halloumi cheese [PAR] Buyer's guide [PAR] The best halloumi is made from sheeps\u2019 milk, and will come from Cyprus, although these days you can even find varieties made in Britain. [PAR] Storage [PAR] Halloumi will keep in the fridge for many months if left in its original packaging, complete with brine or whey. Once opened, submerge in salt water and refrigerate. [PAR] Preparation [PAR] In the Middle East, halloumi is usually fried or grilled to take advantage of its high melting point. Although halloumi can be eaten straight from the packet, some chefs recommend soaking it in buttermilk for a day or two before preparing, to give it a richer, less salty flavour. [PAR] Article by Felicity Cloake[DOC] [TLE] What Is Halloumi Cheese or \"Grilling Cheese\"? Uses ... What Is Halloumi Cheese or \"Grilling Cheese\"? [PAR] What Is Halloumi Cheese or \"Grilling Cheese\"? [PAR] What Is Halloumi Cheese or \"Grilling Cheese\"? [PAR] Wondering about cooking with this unique Greek sheep's milk cheese? [PAR] Justin Lightley/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty Images [PAR] By Jolinda Hackett [PAR] Updated November 22, 2016. [PAR] Halloumi cheese, sometimes just called \"grilling cheese\", is making it's way up the list of popular food trends - and with good reason! Halloumi cheese is a delicious and uniquely grillable cheese. Read on to learn about what is halloumi cheese, cooking and grilling with Halloumi, and some Halloumi recipes, of course! [PAR] What Is Halloumi Cheese? Is It the Same as \"Grilling Cheese\"? [PAR] Traditionally prepared from sheep's milk in the Greek island of Cyprus, Halloumi is a soft curd-like cheese free of rennet and safe for vegetarians who do not eat rennet. See also: Is cheese vegetarian ? [PAR] Many similar cheeses are prepared by dairy and goat farmers in Canada and the United States. For legal proprietary reasons, these cheeses are usually called \"Halloumi-style\" or \"grillable\" cheeses. I've also seen such halloumi-style cheeses just called \"grilling cheese\" or \"frying cheese\", and one brand I've come across is labeled in Spanish as \"Queso de Freir\". I find these similar cheeses to be just as good as a real Greek halloumi, and they also hold up well on the grill, but someone with a more sophisticated or refined palette than my own might strongly disagree! [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Juice Citrus [PAR] Can I Substitute Other Cheeses? [PAR] Depending on your recipe, Halloumi is not usually easy to substitute. Tofu or Indian paneer may be used in some recipes, but it won't be quite the same as halloumi or a similar \"grillable\" cheese. [PAR] If you can't find halloumi cheese locally where you live you may want to try shopping online for Halloumi. [PAR] Trader Joe's sells a pre-sliced halloumi cheese, and though you might not find it in your regular grocery store, just about any specialty grocer such as Whole Foods will carry halloumi. Many smaller co-ops and natural foods stores stock at least one halloumi as well, and specialty cheese shops are also a safe bet. [PAR] What Does Halloumi Cheese Taste Like? [PAR] Plain, Halloumi"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British satirical magazine Private Eye in rude health at ... British satirical magazine Private Eye in rude health at 50 - timesofmalta.com [PAR] Monday, October 3, 2011, 00:00 by [PAR] Sam Reeves, AFP [PAR] British satirical magazine Private Eye in rude health at 50 [PAR] After decades lampooning hapless politicians, Britain\u2019s leading satirical magazine Private Eye turns 50 next month with its brand of irreverent humour as popular as ever. Photo: Carl de Souza/AFP [PAR] After decades lampooning hapless politicians, Britain\u2019s leading satirical magazine Private Eye turns 50 next month with its brand of irreverent humour as popular as ever. [PAR] The Eye, as it is affectionately known, has defiantly retained its old-fashioned, scrapbook appearance in an age of glossy magazines and fast-moving news delivered via the internet. [PAR] Anniversary celebrations include an exhibition at the Victoria and Albert museum in London and a glitzy party in central London, which the invitation says is sponsored by the Worshipful Company of Hacks and Jokewrights. [PAR] Largely the brainchild of four men who attended the same private school and worked on the school\u2019s magazine, the Eye\u2019s first edition published on October 25, 1961, was a yellow-paged booklet with the headline: Churchill Cult Next For Party Axe. [PAR] Fast forward five decades, and the fortnightly publication with its mix of off-colour humour and serious investigative journalism is going strong under the watchful eye of long-serving editor Ian Hislop and fictional proprietor Lord Gnome. [PAR] Its trademark cover with a photograph and a speech bubble regularly pokes fun at Prime Ministers, members of the royal family and media figures and has helped transform it into a British institution selling 200,000 copies each issue. [PAR] \u201cI think if it did go glossy and have a very kind of modern design, readers would hate it,\u201d said Eye journalist Adam Macqueen, who has written a book to mark the magazine\u2019s half century entitled Private Eye: The First 50 Years. [PAR] \u201cIt would not seem as authentic, it is important, that slightly studenty, ragged look,\u201d he said at the magazine\u2019s offices, a maze-like network of cramped rooms in a ramshackle converted townhouse in London\u2019s Soho district. [PAR] The Eye\u2019s regular columns range from one focusing on corruption in local authorities, called Rotten Boroughs, to another filled with newsroom gossip, Street of Shame, which makes it a must-read for journalists. [PAR] While print media in Britain is in crisis, beset by plunging circulations and constant job cuts, the Eye\u2019s focus on subscriptions and refusal to put all of its content on the Internet have helped to keep its sales healthy, Mr Macqueen said. [PAR] Sales of the Eye have hovered between 205,000 and 210,000 an issue in the past three years, and averaged 206,266 an edition between January and June this year, according to figures from the Audit Bureau of Circulations, which records newspaper sales in Britain. Mr Macqueen also put recent success down to a string of major news stories which have given the magazine\u2019s journalists and joke writers plenty of material. [PAR] \u201cBad times for the country make for good times for the Eye \u2013 financial crises and coalition governments and unpopular wars, MPs\u2019 expenses, and phone hacking and riots,\u201d he said. [PAR] The recent phone-hacking scandal which has rocked the media empire of Rupert Murdoch, a regular target of criticism in the magazine where he is nicknamed the Dirty Digger, was the inspiration for a classic Eye front page. [PAR] The Gotcha edition of the Eye sold around 253,000 copies, about 45,000 more than average. [PAR] But the magazine has had its fair share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hamlet: Yoricks Skull as a Major Symbol | Critical Essays ... Hamlet: Yoricks Skull as a Major Symbol | Critical Essays | CliffsNotes [PAR] Yorick's Skull as a Major Symbol [PAR] Bookmark this page Manage My Reading List [PAR] Throughout the play, Hamlet muses on and toys with the idea of death. His famous fourth soliloquy's opening lines, \"To be, or not to be\" shows Hamlet thinking about suicide. His turning point of realization comes in the graveyard scene. Hamlet looks at the skull and remembers the man he was fond of, the court jester Yorick. In his musings, Hamlet realizes that death eliminates the differences between people. The hierarchical structure of society is illusory and ultimately crumbles into dust, just like the bones of those long gone."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10th February 1906: The launch of HMS Dreadnought - YouTube 10th February 1906: The launch of HMS Dreadnought - YouTube [PAR] 10th February 1906: The launch of HMS Dreadnought [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 9, 2016 [PAR] On the 10th February 1906 the British King, Edward VII, launched HMS Dreadnought \u2013 a revolutionary new type of battleship that made all other ships obsolete. She was the fastest and most heavily-armed ship in the world, and the name Dreadnought began to be used to describe a whole class of similar ships. [PAR] You might think that having the best ship in the world would make Britain the undisputed champion of the seas, but the launch of the Dreadnought arguably created more problems than it solved. Ever since the British government adopted the Two-Power Standard as part of the Naval Defence Act in 1889, the Royal Navy had to have at least the same number of battleships as the next two largest navies in the world combined. At that point it was France and Russia, but by 1906 Wilhelm II had become Kaiser of Germany and began aggressive military expansion and the development of a German Empire under his \u2018World Policy\u2019 or Weltpolitik. [PAR] But why was the Dreadnought a problem to Britain the Two-Power Standard? The issue was that Britain now only had one more Dreadnought than every other country in the world. With all other ships obsolete in the wake of the new design, it was too easy for other countries to catch up. When Germany launched the first of its Dreadnought-style Nassau ships in 1908, Britain was forced to keep ahead by building more and more. The naval arms race and the tension that followed was a major contributing factor to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pocahontas marries John Rolfe - Apr 05, 1614 - HISTORY.com Pocahontas marries John Rolfe - Apr 05, 1614 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Pocahontas marries John Rolfe [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan Indian confederacy, marries English tobacco planter John Rolfe in Jamestown, Virginia. The marriage ensured peace between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhatan Indians for several years. [PAR] In May 1607, about 100 English colonists settled along the James River in Virginia to found Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America. The settlers fared badly because of famine, disease, and Indian attacks, but were aided by 27-year-old English adventurer John Smith, who directed survival efforts and mapped the area. While exploring the Chickahominy River in December 1607, Smith and two colonists were captured by Powhatan warriors. At the time, the Powhatan confederacy consisted of around 30 Tidewater-area tribes led by Chief Wahunsonacock, known as Chief Powhatan to the English. Smith\u2019s companions were killed, but he was spared and released, (according to a 1624 account by Smith) because of the dramatic intercession of Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan\u2019s 13-year-old daughter. Her real name was Matoaka, and Pocahontas was a pet name that has been translated variously as \u201cplayful one\u201d and \u201cmy favorite daughter.\u201d [PAR] In 1608, Smith became president of the Jamestown colony, but the settlement continued to suffer. An accidental fire destroyed much of the town, and hunger, disease, and Indian attacks continued. During this time, Pocahontas often came to Jamestown as an emissary of her father, sometimes bearing gifts of food to help the hard-pressed settlers. She befriended the settlers and became acquainted with English ways. In 1609, Smith was injured from a fire in his gunpowder bag and was forced to return to England. [PAR] After Smith\u2019s departure, relations with the Powhatan deteriorated and many settlers died from famine and disease in the winter of 1609-10. Jamestown was about to be abandoned by its inhabitants when Baron De La Warr (also known as Delaware) arrived in June 1610 with new supplies and rebuilt the settlement\u2013the Delaware River and the colony of Delaware were later named after him. John Rolfe also arrived in Jamestown in 1610 and two years later cultivated the first tobacco there, introducing a successful source of livelihood that would have far-reaching importance for Virginia. [PAR] In the spring of 1613, English Captain Samuel Argall took Pocahontas hostage, hoping to use her to negotiate a permanent peace with her father. Brought to Jamestown, she was put under the custody of Sir Thomas Gates, the marshal of Virginia. Gates treated her as a guest rather than a prisoner and encouraged her to learn English customs. She converted to Christianity and was baptized Lady Rebecca. Powhatan eventually agreed to the terms for her release, but by then she had fallen in love with John Rolfe, who was about 10 years her senior. On April 5, 1614, Pocahontas and John Rolfe married with the blessing of Chief Powhatan and the governor of Virginia. [PAR] Their marriage brought a peace between the English colonists and the Powhatans, and in 1615 Pocahontas gave birth to their first child, Thomas. In 1616, the couple sailed to England. The so-called Indian Princess proved popular with the English gentry, and she was presented at the court of King James I. In March 1617, Pocahontas and Rolfe prepared to sail back to Virginia. However, the day before they were to leave, Pocahontas died, probably of smallpox, and was buried at the parish church of St. George in Gravesend, England. [PAR] John Rolfe returned to Virginia and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Marriage of Tiger and Elin Woods The Marriage of Tiger and Elin Woods [PAR] By Sheri Stritof [PAR] Updated February 18, 2016. [PAR] From a lavish, posh, ritzy, bewitching, exclusive, expensive, and elaborate sunset wedding to a bizarre crash into a tree and an apology for \"transgressions\" and \"personal failings\", the marriage of Tiger Woods and Elin Nordegren continued to make news headlines. Here's information on how the two met and more facts about their wedding, marriage, and divorce. [PAR] News Updates: [PAR] 8/23/2010: While details of the divorce of Tiger Woods and Elin Nordegren Woods were not disclosed, Steve Helling of People.com reported \"The couple were present at Bay County Circuit Court in Panama City, Fla., Monday for the execution of their divorce agreement.\" It is assumed that Elin will use her maiden name, that the couple will share custody of their two children, and that Ellen's share in the division of their property and assets will be substantial. [PAR] [PAR] \"Bay County Courthouse officials say the couple showed up for a hearing room at the Bay County juvenile justice court house on East 11th street with their lawyers, to file their divorce papers. Now usually this takes 20 days to become final, but immediately after filing, the Woods then went to the main courthouse on 4th street, where Circuit Judge Judy Pittman Biebel expedited the case.\" [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 5 Ways You Can Tell It is Love [PAR] [PAR] \"This afternoon Elin and Tiger Woods came into the courthouse and filed their petition of dissolution of marriage to get there started for divorce and they went up to the judges office and the final judgment was signed, so they are officially divorced,\" said Bill Kinsaul, Bay Clerk of Courts.\" [PAR] [PAR] Where They Met: [PAR] Elin and Tiger met in 2001 at the British Open at Royal Lytham in England. Elin was working as an au pair to Jesper Parnevik, a Swedish golfer. [PAR] Proposal: [PAR] On November 25, 2003, Tiger (27) proposed to Elin (23) in the South African Shamwari Game Reserve while they were on a romantic walk at sunset. They were there for a safari vacation and slept under the stars after the Presidents Cup. [PAR] Wedding Date and Info: [PAR] October 5, 2004. The ceremony itself was simple although the rest of the wedding preparations were elaborate and expensive. 500 red roses were imported for the wedding. [PAR] [PAR] Their sunset wedding was held under a white-netted pagoda decorated with red roses on the 19th hole of the Sandy Lane Golf Resort in Barbados. Reportedly , Rev. Ricky Kirton was the officiant at their wedding. The exclusive resort is located on the west coast of the Caribbean locale. The wedding reportedly cost between $1.5 million -- $2 million. [PAR] Tiger hired the whole complex for a week including 110 rooms and and three golf courses. The rooms reportedly cost from $700 to $9,000 per night each. [PAR] A team of hairdressers were flown in from London. Elin wore an off-white sleeveless gown. Tiger wore a beige suit. [PAR] [PAR] Approximately 150 guests were at the wedding, including Oprah Winfrey, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, and Bill Gates. [PAR] The wedding reception was held in the resort banquet room which was decorated with 10,000 red and black roses. Champagne and caviar were served to the wedding guests. Hootie & the Blowfish played the music, and fireworks lit up the night after the wedding ceremony. [PAR] Honeymoon: [PAR] Their first night as a married couple was spent on a rented"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inauguration Day: Calendar, History, events, quotes & Fun ... Inauguration Day: Calendar, History, events, quotes & Fun Facts [PAR] Days to go: [PAR] Inauguration Day History [PAR] Inauguration Day marks the beginning of the new four year term of the President of the United States. The Inauguration of the US President garners national attention. Held in Washington D.C., the Inauguration ceremony takes place on the western front of the US Capitol Building. This day is a federally recognized holiday for all workers within the District of Columbia, and several counties in both Maryland and Virginia. Inauguration Day falls on January 20th every fourth year, unless the 20th falls on a Sunday. In this case, it is held on January 21st. [PAR] Inauguration Day Facts [PAR] The Twentieth Amendment to the US Constitution changed the date from March 4th to January 20th. [PAR] The only President to take the oath of office without placing his hand upon a Bible was Theodore Roosevelt in January 1901. He was sworn in with an uplifted hand. [PAR] The US Constitution only mandates the person take an oath or affirmation before he/she can take office. [PAR] Various Presidents have added their own twist to the swearing in ceremony, including kissing the Bible, or adding the words so help me God in closing. [PAR] Inauguration Day Top Events and Things to Do [PAR] Attend the Inauguration in person by traveling to Washington D.C. the week of January 20th. [PAR] Watch the Inauguration happen live via television or internet broadcast. [PAR] Say a prayer for the new President. [PAR] Watch the Inauguration Parade as it proceeds towards the White House. [PAR] Host an inauguration party. Enjoy American snacks and celebrate the new president.[DOC] [TLE] Inauguration Day in the United States - Time and Date Inauguration Day in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Inauguration Day [PAR] Inauguration Day in the United States [PAR] Inauguration Day occurs in the USA once every four years on January 20. It occurs in the year after presidential elections have been held. [PAR] George Washington was the first person to be inaugurated as president of the USA. [PAR] George Washington was the first person to be inaugurated as president of the USA. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Kohlerphoto [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] The new terms of office of the president and vice-president officially begin at noon in Washington DC. [PAR] On Inauguration Day the candidates, who won the elections in the previous year, are sworn into office as president and vice-president of the United States. The swearing-in ceremony takes place at the U.S. Capitol and is organized by the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. It is usually followed by a parade along Pennsylvania Avenue. [PAR] The new president watches the parade from the presidential viewing stand in front of the White House. The route of the parade is often lined by thousands of people. However, many Americans watch the ceremony on television or listen to it on the radio. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Inauguration Day is not a public holiday and many people are expected to work as usual. Many schools, stores, and other organizations are open as normal in many parts of the USA. Public transport services run on their regular schedules. There may be changes to normal broadcasting schedules on television and radio, as news stations cover the inauguration ceremony. [PAR] Inauguration Day is a federal holiday for some federal employees who work in the District of Columbia or the surrounding areas. This is mainly to reduce the amount of congestion on the roads and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Driving in Australia on the Left Side - About.com Travel Driving Down Under: What You Need to Know [PAR] Driving Down Under: What You Need to Know [PAR] Driving Down Under: What You Need to Know [PAR] Cavan Images/Taxi/Getty Images [PAR] By Larry Rivera [PAR] Updated November 28, 2016. [PAR] While cars operate in a similar way all over the world, the differences between travelling on the right and left side of the road can really throw a driver off. To add more confusion into the mix, driving a car from a right-handed driver\u2019s seat when you\u2019re used to driving from the left seat in the car takes even more getting used to. [PAR] Foreign travellers who would like to drive in Australia need to consider these conventions before they even get in the vehicle. [PAR] Here\u2019s a few things to be aware of before you grab those keys and get going! [PAR] [PAR] First rule: Drive on the left side of the road [PAR] Sticking to the left side of the road can make the world seem like it\u2019s flipped upside down when you\u2019re used to driving on the right. In places like the United States, vehicles are operated from the right side of the road, so for those travelling from these kinds of countries, it\u2019s especially important to remember which way the traffic is flowing before driving in Australia. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Before Your Road Trip, Watch This [PAR] Other than understanding that Australian drivers always stick to the left side of the road , foreign drivers must remember to stay on that left side after they\u2019ve turned left or right. Force of habit might provoke you to swing onto the right side, so it\u2019s important to concentrate. [PAR] The only time an Australian driver may venture toward the right side of the road is when they\u2019re safely travelling around parked cars in quiet side streets when there\u2019s no oncoming traffic from the other side, or when they\u2019re being guided to the right side in an official roadworks or police-led situation. Even in these circumstances, the driver must return to the left side as soon as they are able. [PAR] [PAR] Right side of the car [PAR] Most Australian cars are fitted with right-sided driver\u2019s seats, and this might be difficult for foreign drivers to get used to in addition to the reversed road position. [PAR] To help become accustomed to sitting on this side, remember that the oncoming traffic will be coming on the side of your right shoulder. Many Australian cars are now equipped with automatic transmission instead of stick shift gears, which should make things more simple and allow you to concentrate more efficiently. [PAR] [PAR] What else is there to think about? [PAR] Once you\u2019ve processed the reversed positions, the act of driving in Australia is very similar to driving elsewhere. However, there are still a few things to consider before you get in the driver\u2019s seat. [PAR] International travellers are permitted to drive in Australia with a foreign driver\u2019s licence for up to three months, provided that the licence is in English. If a driver\u2019s licence does not have a photo, drivers are required to carry another form of formal photo identification with them. [PAR] If a licence is in a foreign language, drivers are required to obtain an International Driver\u2019s Permit. This is done in the home country before leaving for Australia. Those wishing to stay in Australia for longer than three months will need to apply for a state licence. [PAR] It is up to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michelle Connor - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Michelle Connor | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Steve McDonald fell for Michelle instantly when she began working at the Rovers.Despite Steve's feelings for her, Michelle was immediately disliked by his mother, pub landlady Liz McDonald . [PAR] Vernon clearly had a crush on Michelle. He flirted with her, but she was disgusted by his behaviour. As he blatantly propositioned Michelle, she tricked him by falsely claiming to feel the same. Michelle proceeded to humiliate Vernon in public. [PAR] Vernon twisted the situation to make Michelle appear to be the guilty party and Liz sacked Michelle. When the truth was exposed, Liz shamed Vernon to the whole of Weatherfield and threw him out, although they eventually got back together. [PAR] Liz subsequently offered Michelle her job back and she has now returned to the Rovers. [PAR] She began dating the manipulative Sonny Dhillon , and their relationship went swimmingly. Steve still loved Michelle and tried to split them up. But Michelle's loyalties lay with Sonny. They were briefly engaged, much to Steve's anger. When Steve discovered that Sonny was bisexual, having witnessed him kiss Sean Tully , he informed Michelle of the truth about her fianc\u00e9. Michelle refused to believe Steve's accusations and both Sonny and Sean denied their affair but when Michelle eventually uncovered their lies, she was devastated. She confronted cheating Sonny in an angry showdown in her flat and called off the engagement. Michelle ended her friendship with Sean following his betrayal, but their friendship repaired a few months later. Ever since Michelle ended her relationship with Sonny, he hasn't been seen. [PAR] When Carla hinted that Paul and Liam were hiding something from Michelle, she confronted her brothers. Paul denied Carla's accusations, but Liam eventually confessed the truth about her beloved partner Dean 's death to Michelle, revealing that Paul had been behind the wheel during the car accident which claimed her boyfriend's life. She lashed out violently at her brothers on discovering their attempts to cover up Paul's crime. [PAR] Michelle struggled to forgive her brothers and never told the truth to her son Ryan . After brother Paul's death, she gradually made up with Liam. [PAR] When her brother Paul was seriously injured in a car accident involving him kidnapping Leanne Battersby , Michelle didn't know how to react, as she was unable to forgive him for killing her beloved Dean. She refused to visit Paul in hospital, but after much persuasion from Steve, Michelle had a change of heart and decided to visit her dying brother. However, by the time she arrived at the hospital, Paul was already dead. Michelle was hysterical. [PAR] After a brief kiss months previously, Michelle was again propositioned by Steve when she confided in him about the true circumstances of Dean's death. Although she had feelings for Steve, his timing wasn't good and Michelle rejected his advances. However, they eventually agreed to start a proper romance and they have finally become a couple. [PAR] Steve suggested that Michelle and Ryan should live with Steve at the Rovers. The two moved out of their flat and lived at the pub. As well as Steve and his daughter Amy, Michelle and Ryan began living with Steve's mum and stepfather, making it hard for so many of them to live under the same roof. However, the couple were pleased how they were now like a 'proper family. [PAR] At the beginning of December 2007, Ryan was followed many times by a man in a blue"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hound of the Baskervilles - LibriVox LibriVox [PAR] Librivox [PAR] Acoustical liberation of books in the public domain [PAR] Menu [PAR] Sir Arthur Conan DOYLE (1859 - 1930) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles is the third of the four crime novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the detective Sherlock Holmes. Originally serialised in The Strand Magazine from August 1901 to April 1902, it is set largely on Dartmoor in Devon in England's West Country and tells the story of an attempted murder inspired by the legend of a fearsome, diabolical hound of supernatural origin. Sherlock Holmes and his companion Dr. Watson investigate the case. This was the first appearance of Holmes since his intended death in \"The Final Problem\", and the success of The Hound of the Baskervilles led to the character's eventual revival. - Summary by Wikipedia [PAR] Genre(s): Literary Fiction, Detective Fiction [PAR] Language: English[DOC] [TLE] The Hound of the Baskervilles - The Arthur Conan Doyle ... The Hound of the Baskervilles - The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles [PAR] From The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia [PAR] Illustration by Sidney Paget [PAR] Manuscript (chapter 13, 1st page) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (HOUN) is a novel written by Arthur Conan Doyle first published in The Strand Magazine in august 1901 - april 1902 (60 illustrations by Sidney Paget ). This is the 27th Sherlock Holmes story. [PAR] Contents [PAR] in The Strand Magazine (september 1901 - may 1902 [US]) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (25 march 1902, George Newnes Ltd. [UK]) 16 illustrations by Sidney Paget [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (2 april 1902, Longmans, Green & Co. Colonial Library [UK]) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles: Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes (15 april 1902, McClure, Phillips & Co. [US]) 8 ill. by Sidney Paget [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (april 1902, Bernhard Tauchnitz No. 3571 [DE]) [PAR] in Le Temps (8 april - 11 may 1902 [FR]) as Le Chien des Baskerville [PAR] in The Atlanta Constitution (5 july - 21 september 1902 [US]) 8 ill. + 2 photos [PAR] in Omaha Sunday World Herald (13 july - 28 september 1902 [US]) 21 ill. [PAR] in St. Louis Republic Magazine (13 july - 2 october 1902 [US]) 13 ill. [PAR] in Boston Post (3-31 august 1902 [US]) 27 ill. [PAR] in New York American and Journal (10 august - 2 september 1902 [US]) 23 ill. [PAR] in The Indianapolis News (16 august - 4 september 1902 [US]) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (september 1902, Longmans, Green & Co. Colonial Library re-issue [UK]) [PAR] Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes (1903, George N. Morang & Co. [CA]) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (1903-1905, Grosset & Dunlap 4th imp. [US]) 1 frontispiece [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (1903-1905, American News Co. People's Library [US]) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (1903-1920, James Askew & Son [UK]) [PAR] in Lyon R\u00e9publicain (16-24 april 1905 [FR]) as Le Chien des Baskerville [PAR] in Mon Bonheur No. 7-18 (14 february - 2 may 1907, Jules Tallandier [FR]) as Le Chien des Baskerville [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (9 august 1907, Smith, Elder & Co. Uniform edition [UK]) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (1908-1910, Collier's Latest Books of Conan Doyle [US]) [PAR] in L'Express du Midi (9 september - 20 october 1911 [FR]) as Le Chien des Baskerville [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (1912, George Newnes Ltd. Sixpenny Copyright Novels [UK]) [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles (1914, Collier's The Works of A."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sony Global - About Sony Sony Global - About Sony [PAR] About Sony [PAR] At Sony, our mission is to be a company that inspires and fulfills your curiosity. [PAR] Our unlimited passion for technology, content and services, [PAR] and relentless pursuit of innovation, drives us to deliver [PAR] ground-breaking new excitement and entertainment in ways that only Sony can. [PAR] Creating unique new cultures and experiences. [PAR] Everything we do, is to move you emotionally."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Norse Mythology / Myth - TV Tropes Norse Mythology / Myth - TV Tropes [PAR] Adaptation Dye-Job : [PAR] A disproportionate amount of modern works depict Thor as having blond flowing hair, most famously Marvel Comics ' The Mighty Thor . Traditionally, he's depicted as red-headed and bearded, reflected in the pic for this page. (Though some older writings do depict Thor as fair-haired and red-beardednote which is actually fairly common among Scandinavians.) [PAR] He has been depicted with black hair in the Shin Megami Tensei Franchise. [PAR] \u25ca [PAR] circa 1872. [PAR] The 2011 movie Thor at least gives him the beard back. Ultimate Thor also has the beard, despite still being blond. [PAR] Marvel Comics also depict Loki, traditionally a red head also, with black hair, and this has remained constant through most variations, notably the cinematic version. [PAR] The Ageless : The \u00c6sir and Vanir are immortal in this way so long as they continue to eat the Golden Apples of Idunn. When the Goddess and her apples were abducted by the J\u00f6tunn giant Thjazi, all the Gods aged rapidly... except for Loki , who was forced to go and steal the Goddess and her apples back. [PAR] Alternate Continuity : [PAR] Was Loki imprisoned for killing Baldur, or was he imprisoned for calling the gods out on crap they were actually guilty of? Depends on which story you read. [PAR] In the Gesta Danorum, Baldur and H\u00f6der weren't brothers, but romantic rivals. Baldur was a god and H\u00f6der human. After H\u00f6der beat Baldur in fair combat for the hand of Nanna, Baldur declared that it wasn't fair because he was a god. So in order to keep his bride, H\u00f6der had to travel to the underworld to fetch the sword Mistilteinn (Mistletoe), which he used to kill Baldur off for good. [PAR] Always Chaotic Evil : Averted. While many of the giants are a source of trouble for the \u00c6sir, many of the \u00c6sir are married to giants or have giants as lovers, and all nine of Heimdallr's mothers (he has no father) are giants, which means that Heimdallr is a giant. Thor himself is half-giant on his mother's side (Jord). Then there's Loki, who is more Chaotic Neutral . [PAR] Always Need What You Gave Up : Loki hands Idunn and her golden apples over to a giant to save his own life, forgetting that these apples not only keep him immortal, but are very important to the violent, short-tempered battle gods he lives with. Woopsie-doodle. [PAR] Arch-Enemy : [PAR] Thor and Jormungand. First, Thor was tricked to lift it in the disguise of giant cat by Utgard-Loki. Thor later caught it while fishing, but Hymir cut his string. Then they are destined to kill each other in Ragnar\u00f6k. [PAR] Loki and Heimdallr. The very first story they costarred in set them against each other. Like Thor and Jormungand, they are also destined to kill each other in Ragnar\u00f6k. [PAR] Tyr and Fenrir, the wolf that bit off his hand. [PAR] Many adaptations (probably thanks to Marvel) tend to set up Thor and Loki as arch-enemies. While they butted heads once in a while (Sif's hair was certainly a Berserk Button for Thor), they were more friends than enemies, and often traveled together. [PAR] Badass Normal : [PAR] In the incident where Thor and his companions are tricked by the giant Utgard-Loki into competing in rigged contests of strength, one of those companions, Thjalfi is a seemingly normal human who does fairly well in a race against a thought from Utgard's mind. Thjalfi"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cape Cod and the Islands Travel Guide - The New York Times Cape Cod and the Islands Travel Coverage - The New York Times [PAR] Cape Cod and the Islands Travel Coverage [PAR] Starwood... [PAR] What you need to know if you\u2019re on a trip or planning one soon, including bookish hotels and a new Rosewood property in Edinburgh. [PAR] By SHIVANI VORA [PAR] Search [PAR] Latest Articles [PAR] /svc/timestopic/v1/topic.json?limit=10&type=article%2Cblogpost&fq=%28taxonomy_nodes%3A%22Top%2FFeatures%2FTravel%22+AND++taxonomy_nodes%3A%22Top%2FFeatures%2FTravel%2FGuides%2FDestinations%2FNorth+America%2FUnited+States%2FMassachusetts%2FCape+Cod+and+the+Islands%22%29+AND++-subject%3A%22HOUSING%22+AND++-subject%3A%22RENTING+AND+LEASING%22+AND+%28-headline%3A%22Still+No+Plans+for+the+Labor+Day+Weekend%3F+No+Problem%22%29+AND+%28-headline%3A%22Even+in+Winter%2C+Provincetown+Shines%22%29&sort=newest_created&offset=1& [PAR] {\"show_kicker\":true,\"show_thumbnails\":true,\"show_byline\":true,\"show_summary\":true,\"show_pub_date\":true,\"show_related_topics\":false,\"header\":\"Latest Articles\"} [PAR] Uber Rolls Into Martha\u2019s Vineyard and Finds Some Resistance [PAR] By RACHEL LEVIN [PAR] Operating in quaint vacation spots like Martha\u2019s Vineyard is a new thing for Uber, but not all the locals appreciate the advancement into their communities. [PAR] August 26, 2015 [PAR] A flock of artistic and literary types are finding summer refuge in Wellfleet and Truro. [PAR] July 29, 2015 [PAR] 36 Hours on Martha\u2019s Vineyard [PAR] By SUZANNE CARMICK [PAR] A Victorian enclave and a popular farmers\u2019 market, lobster on the dock and sunset on the beach are all part of the Vineyard\u2019s endless allure. [PAR] June 19, 2015 [PAR] The Clintons\u2019 Long Island vacation could contradict her populist economic message despite the fund-raising benefits. [PAR] August 8, 2014 [PAR] A celebration of the island\u2019s aquatic riches. [PAR] July 24, 2014 [PAR] 36 Hours in Provincetown, Mass. [PAR] By BENOIT DENIZET-LEWIS [PAR] From seaside strolls to dance parties, street performances to gallery exhibits, you can find it all during a weekend on the tip of Cape Cod. [PAR] October 22, 2013 [PAR] Restaurant Report: Proprietors Bar & Table in Nantucket, Mass. [PAR] By CHERYL LU-LIEN TAN [PAR] At this spot, opened in June, the menu reflects the spirit of Nantucket and the flavors of the world. [PAR] September 19, 2013 [PAR] On Martha\u2019s Vineyard, Celebrating the Local Bounty [PAR] By DANIELLE PERGAMENT [PAR] Resorts give way to pastures, farmland and wildlife in a pocket of the island around Chilmark and Menemsha. [PAR] July 27, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonar Law, Andrew | International Encyclopedia of the ... Bonar Law, Andrew | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1) [PAR] Citation [PAR] 1 Background \u2191 [PAR] Andrew Bonar Law (1858-1923) came from an unusual background for a Conservative Party leader in this era. His father was a Presbyterian minister who had emigrated to Canada , but his mother died when he was two years old, and at the age of twelve he went to Scotland to live with his mother\u2019s family, who were wealthy bankers in Glasgow. Bonar Law attended Glasgow High School, and at the age of sixteen took up a position in the family bank. In 1885 he became a partner in an iron merchants, and began a successful business career. In 1891 he married Annie Pitcairn Robley (1866-1909) , and they had six children; it was a happy marriage, and her death in 1909 created an enduring sadness. [PAR] 2 Pre-war political career \u2191 [PAR] Bonar Law became a Conservative Member of Parliament in 1900. He was an effective debater through his command of facts and figures, and was a strong supporter of tariff reform. He became more prominent after the Conservative defeat in 1906, but was a surprise choice as party leader in the House of Commons in 1911. Between then and the outbreak of the war, Bonar Law led the Conservative opposition to the Liberal government\u2019s plan to give Home Rule to Ireland , and he supported the resistance of Protestant Ulster even to the point of taking unconstitutional action. His stubborn and effective leadership of the Conservatives during this period of bitter political controversy earned him a substantial reserve of loyalty and support within the party, which was to prove invaluable during the strains of the war and immediate post-war periods. [PAR] 3 Wartime opposition and the Asquith Coalition, 1914-1916 \u2191 [PAR] In July 1914, before the German ultimatum to Belgium , Bonar Law privately informed Herbert Henry Asquith (1852-1928) , the Prime Minister, of the Conservative Party\u2019s support for entry into the war. The next eight months were a difficult time for the Conservative Party, as they had little confidence in the Liberal government but were unable on patriotic grounds to make public criticisms. In May 1915, they entered a coalition government under Asquith, but almost all of the key offices remained in Liberal hands and Bonar Law became Colonial Secretary, a backwater position in wartime. Asquith had always had a dismissive view of Bonar Law\u2019s abilities, and deliberately gave a more important position to his predecessor as Conservative Party leader, Arthur Balfour (1848-1930) . During the next eighteen months, Bonar Law supported the introduction of conscription and gradually lost confidence in Asquith\u2019s capacity as wartime leader. His commitment to support David Lloyd George\u2019s (1863-1945) plan to sideline Asquith was crucial in the latter\u2019s resignation and Lloyd George\u2019s appointment as Prime Minister in December 1916. [PAR] 4 The Lloyd George Coalition and afterwards, 1916-1923 \u2191 [PAR] For the remainder of the war, Bonar Law worked in a close and harmonious partnership with Lloyd George. His support was the political rock upon which Lloyd George\u2019s position depended, and one of his key roles was the management of the House of Commons. Bonar Law also held the important office of Chancellor of the Exchequer, and launched a series of successful war loans which financed a substantial part of Britain\u2019s war expenditure. He was a member of the small War Cabinet, but did not seek to influence military strategy. At the end of the war, he supported the renewal of the coalition,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] verjuice - definition and meaning verjuice - definition and meaning [PAR] verjuice [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] n. The acidic juice of crab apples or other sour fruit, such as unripe grapes. [PAR] n. Sourness, as of disposition. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] n. A very acidic juice made by pressing unripe grapes. [PAR] from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] n. The sour juice of crab apples, of green or unripe grapes, apples, etc.; also, an acid liquor made from such juice. [PAR] n. Tartness; sourness, as of disposition. [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] To make sour or acid. [PAR] n. An acid liquor expressed from crab-apples, unripe grapes, etc., used for culinary and other purposes. [PAR] n. Sourness or acidity of temper, manner, or expression; tartness. [PAR] Etymologies [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] Middle English verjus, from Old French vertjus : verd, unripe; see verdant + jus, juice; see juice. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] French verjus, from Middle French vertjus (\"green juice\"). [PAR] Examples [PAR] But the Venetian recipe bestows real status on this humble ingredient by cooking it in almond milk, adding hot fat, then serving it with roast goose and a caramel-colored sauce made from the goose liver pounded with egg yolk, vinegar, and agresto\u2014the sour grape condiment known as verjuice in English.[DOC] [TLE] Ver juice - definition of Ver juice by The Free Dictionary Ver juice - definition of Ver juice by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Ver juice - definition of Ver juice by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ver+juice [PAR] 1. The acidic juice of unripe grapes or other sour fruit, such as crabapples. [PAR] 2. Sourness, as of disposition. [PAR] [Middle English verjus, from Old French vertjus : verd, unripe; see verdant + jus, juice; see juice.] [PAR] verjuice [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Cookery) [PAR] a. the acid juice of unripe grapes, apples, or crab apples, formerly much used in making sauces, etc [PAR] b. (as modifier): verjuice sauce. [PAR] 2. rare [PAR] a. sourness or sharpness of temper, looks, etc [PAR] b. (as modifier): a verjuice old wife. [PAR] vb [PAR] (tr) rare to make sour; embitter [PAR] [C14: from Old French vert jus green (unripe) juice, from Old French vert green (from Latin viridis) + jus juice (from Latin j\u016bs)] [PAR] ver\u2022juice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: As You Like It: Themes, Motifs & Symbols SparkNotes: As You Like It: Themes, Motifs & Symbols [PAR] Themes, Motifs & Symbols [PAR] Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. [PAR] The Delights of Love [PAR] As You Like It spoofs many of the conventions of poetry and literature dealing with love, such as the idea that love is a disease that brings suffering and torment to the lover, or the assumption that the male lover is the slave or servant of his mistress. These ideas are central features of the courtly love tradition, which greatly influenced European literature for hundreds of years before Shakespeare\u2019s time. In As You Like It, characters lament the suffering caused by their love, but these laments are all unconvincing and ridiculous. While Orlando\u2019s metrically incompetent poems conform to the notion that he should \u201clive and die [Rosalind\u2019s] slave,\u201d these sentiments are roundly ridiculed (III.ii.142). Even Silvius, the untutored shepherd, assumes the role of the tortured lover, asking his beloved Phoebe to notice \u201cthe wounds invisible / That love\u2019s keen arrows make\u201d (III.v.31\u201332). But Silvius\u2019s request for Phoebe\u2019s attention implies that the enslaved lover can loosen the chains of love and that all romantic wounds can be healed\u2014otherwise, his request for notice would be pointless. In general, As You Like It breaks with the courtly love tradition by portraying love as a force for happiness and fulfillment and ridicules those who revel in their own suffering. [PAR] Celia speaks to the curative powers of love in her introductory scene with Rosalind, in which she implores her cousin to allow \u201cthe full weight\u201d of her love to push aside Rosalind\u2019s unhappy thoughts (I.ii.6). As soon as Rosalind takes to Ardenne, she displays her own copious knowledge of the ways of love. Disguised as Ganymede, she tutors Orlando in how to be a more attentive and caring lover, counsels Silvius against prostrating himself for the sake of the all-too-human Phoebe, and scolds Phoebe for her arrogance in playing the shepherd\u2019s disdainful love object. When Rosalind famously insists that \u201c[m]en have died from time to time, and worms have eaten them, but not for love,\u201d she argues against the notion that love concerns the perfect, mythic, or unattainable (IV.i.91\u201392). Unlike Jaques and Touchstone, both of whom have keen eyes and biting tongues trained on the follies of romance, Rosalind does not mean to disparage love. On the contrary, she seeks to teach a version of love that not only can survive in the real world, but can bring delight as well. By the end of the play, having successfully orchestrated four marriages and ensured the happy and peaceful return of a more just government, Rosalind proves that love is a source of incomparable delight. [PAR] The Malleability of the Human Experience [PAR] In Act II, scene vii, Jaques philosophizes on the stages of human life: man passes from infancy into boyhood; becomes a lover, a soldier, and a wise civic leader; and then, year by year, becomes a bit more foolish until he is returned to his \u201csecond childishness and mere oblivion\u201d (II.vii.164). Jaques\u2019s speech remains an eloquent commentary on how quickly and thoroughly human beings can change, and, indeed, do change in As You Like It. Whether physically, emotionally, or spiritually, those who enter the Forest of Ardenne are often remarkably different when they leave. The most dramatic and unmistakable change, of course, occurs when Rosalind assumes the disguise of Ganymede. As a young man, Rosalind demonstrates how vulnerable to change men and women truly are. Orlando, of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Bowling Science terms - Topend Sports Glossary of Bowling Science terms [PAR] Glossary of Bowling Terms [PAR] Average [PAR] Your average is the sum of all your games divided by the number of games played. You can use your average as a way of recording your improvement - set a goal of raising your average game, say 10 pins a season, until you reach the level of par bowlers. [PAR] Bag [PAR] After getting a 'turkey', most people start referring to the string of strikes as if they are collecting them in a bag, e.g. four-bagger, five-bagger etc. [PAR] Brooklyn strike [PAR] This refers to shots that \"crosses over\" the 1-3 pocket for right-handers and 1-2 for left-handers and produces a strike. It originated in New York where people would \"cross over\" to Brooklyn from Manhattan. A side term \"Jersey side\" references left-handers and refers to people crossing over from Manhattan to New Jersey. [PAR] Clean Sheet [PAR] If you make all your spares in the game it is called a clean sheet. Making your spares is the simplest way to raise your average on the way to becoming a scratch/par bowler. [PAR] Dutch 200 [PAR] Dutch 200 refers to a game in which strikes and spares are alternated (spare-strike-spare strike etc) for the entire game, which results in a score of 200 exactly. The term is believed to be a take-off of \"Dutch treat\" or going \"Dutch\" where two people share the cost of a date. [PAR] Foul [PAR] The foul line is drawn across the lane to separate the approach from the start of the lane. Putting your foot over the foul-line means you don't get the score for that delivery: on the first delivery you must re-rack the pins. It is marked on the scoresheet with an \"F\". [PAR] Frame [PAR] There are ten frames in one game. You have two chances to knock down the ten pins in each frame. The tenth frame rewards you with a final bonus ball if you convert your spare (or make two strikes). You can thus throw nine strikes in the first nine frames and, if you get another two in the tenth, the bonus ball means the most strikes you can have in one game is twelve. This is called a perfect game. [PAR] Open Frame [PAR] If you fail to make your spare, i.e. knock all pins down in two shots, it is called an open frame [PAR] Par [PAR] Consistently making all your spares will give you an average in the 180 to 190 range. When you develop your game so that you can start to string strikes together your score will go up and you will start to approach the 200 or 210 mark, which many have likened to being a \"scratch\" golfer. [PAR] Perfect game [PAR] Every bowlers ambition, is to some day, achieve a perfect game. By scoring strikes in every frame, the maximum attainable score is 300. Even professional bowlers, who play in championships worldwide, have only a few perfect games in their career. [PAR] Series [PAR] Adding up the scores from all the games you have played will give you the total series. Most leagues will play three-game series. It is common to use the series as a measure of success. Big tournaments will play many more games and, instead of recording total pinfall, bowlers compare their positions by talking of how many pins over/under par they are, with par usually being 200 (e.g. +20, -10, just like in golf). [PAR] Sleeper [PAR] If you leave a spare"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kazachok | Define Kazachok at Dictionary.com Kazachok | Define Kazachok at Dictionary.com [PAR] kazachok [PAR] [kuh-zahch-kee] /k\u0259 z\u0251t\u0283\u02c8ki/ (Show IPA) [PAR] 1. [PAR] a lively, Slavic folk dance for a solo male dancer, marked especially by the prisiadka. [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1925-30; < Russian kazach\u00f3k or Ukrainian kozach\u00f3k, equivalent to kaz\u00e1k, koz\u00e1k Cossack + -ok diminutive suffix [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for kazachok [PAR] Expand [PAR] a Russian folk dance in which the performer executes high kicks from a squatting position [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ab initio - definition of ab initio in English from the ... ab initio - definition of ab initio in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of ab initio in English: [PAR] ab initio [PAR] \u2018the agreement should be declared void ab initio\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018Enormous as the difference undoubtedly is between these faculties in the two cases, the difference is conceded not to be one existing ab initio.\u2019 [PAR] Synonyms [PAR] from the beginning, from the start, initially, originally, from first principles, to begin with, to start with, primarily [PAR] da capo [PAR] from scratch, from the word go [PAR] from the beginning, from the start, initially, originally, from first principles, to begin with, to start with, primarily [PAR] da capo [PAR] [attributive] Starting from the beginning: [PAR] \u2018he was instructing ab initio pilots\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] What does the Australian term waratah mean? [PAR] an Aboriginal container for holding liquids [PAR] an adolescent kangaroo [PAR] What does the Australian term yaffler mean? [PAR] a person who is very talkative [PAR] a saltwater crocodile [PAR] a lively celebration or party [PAR] What does the Australian term maban mean? [PAR] an Aboriginal engraving tool [PAR] What does the Australian term native bear mean? [PAR] the small hairy larva of a beetle [PAR] a koala [PAR] What does the Australian term wirri mean? [PAR] an Aboriginal healer [PAR] an Aboriginal container for holding liquids [PAR] an Aboriginal weapon used as a club or a missile [PAR] What does the Australian term stu-vac mean? [PAR] a flu vaccination given to first year university students [PAR] the period between the end of classes and the beginning of exams [PAR] a small measure of beer [PAR] What does the Australian term settler's clock mean? [PAR] a dingo [PAR] a clock in a tall free-standing wooden case [PAR] What does the Australian term chalkie mean? [PAR] a primary school student[DOC] [TLE] ab initio - English-Spanish Dictionary - WordReference.com ab initio - English-Spanish Dictionary - WordReference.com [PAR] English [PAR] Spanish [PAR] ab initio advadverb: Describes a verb, adjective, adverb, or clause--for example, \"come quickly,\" \"very rare,\" \"happening now,\" \"fall down.\" [PAR] Latin (from the beginning) [PAR] desde el principio loc advlocuci\u00f3n adverbial: Unidad l\u00e9xica estable formada de dos o m\u00e1s palabras que funciona como adverbio (\"en vilo\", \"de seguido\", \"a quemarropa\"). [PAR] ab initio advadverb: Describes a verb, adjective, adverb, or clause--for example, \"come quickly,\" \"very rare,\" \"happening now,\" \"fall down.\" [PAR] Latin (from first principles) (ciencias) [PAR] a partir de primeros principios loc advlocuci\u00f3n adverbial: Unidad l\u00e9xica estable formada de dos o m\u00e1s palabras que funciona como adverbio (\"en vilo\", \"de seguido\", \"a quemarropa\")."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cariboo Chilcotin Coast Region (British Columbia, Canada ... Cariboo Chilcotin Coast Region (British Columbia, Canada) - TRAVEL & TOURING GUIDE by Cariboo Chilcotin Coast_British Columbia, Canada - issuu [PAR] Travel & Touring Guide www.landwithoutlimits.com [PAR] \u901f [PAR] LEAVE YOUR TRACKS British Columbia is the home of the Prince George 2015 Canada Winter Games; the most important event young athletes compete in to become our Canadian champions. Come now to experience our hospitality and get a taste of the welcome we're preparing for 2015. Choose your path, leave your tracks, and journey with us as we host the nation. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Cariboo Chilcotin Coast Travel & Touring Guide [PAR] Welcome to the Cariboo Chilcotin Coast [PAR] Contents [PAR] the Cariboo Rolling Hills, Rivers & Lakes [PAR] 8 [PAR] the Chilcotin Great High Plateau \u2014 Frontier Spirit [PAR] 26 [PAR] the Coast Mountains, Old-Growth Forests & Inlets [PAR] 42 [PAR] For accommodation reservations and travel information visit: [PAR] www.helloBC.com [PAR] 104 [PAR] For travel information, contact Cariboo Chilcotin Coast Tourism Association: [PAR] 1-800-663-5885 | www.landwithoutlimits.com \u00a92014 \u2013 Cariboo Chilcotin Coast Tourism Association (the \u201cRegion\u201d). All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. This Guide does not constitute, and should not be construed as, an endorsement or recommendation of any carrier, hotel, restaurant or any other facility, attraction or activity in British Columbia, for which neither Destination BC Corp. nor the Region assumes any responsibility. Super, Natural British Columbia\u00ae, Hello BC\u00ae, Visitor Centre and all associated logos/trade-marks are trade-marks or Official Marks of Destination BC Corp. Cariboo Chilcotin Coast Tourism Association\u00a9 and all associated trade-marks and logos are trade-marks or official marks of the Region. Admission fees and other terms and conditions may apply to attractions and facilities referenced in this Guide. Errors and omissions excepted. 1-800-663-5885 [PAR] Agritourism & Cuisine [PAR] | www.landwithoutlimits.com [PAR] 3 [PAR] Cariboo Chilcotin Coast British Columbia\u2019s Land Without Limits What is \u201cA Land without Limits\u201d? It is a region of British Columbia comprised of 117,000 km\u00b2 of breathtaking beauty, ruggedness, incredible wildlife and outdoor adventure opportunities that will ensure you are actively enjoying nature throughout this great land. Your imagination will run wild and your opportunity to explore is truly limitless. This is a place where Aboriginal culture and contemporary lifestyles exist harmoniously, and where ancient traditions and modern life have each carved out their place in a vast, dramatic environment. Turn these pages for a brief glimpse into this diverse world of distinctive landscapes \u2013 alpine mountains and glaciers, deciduous woodlands and forests, deserts and sandstone canyons, evergreen timberlands, ocean fjords and inlets. All of which provide the perfect foundation for the physical and cultural activities and experiences to be found in the Cariboo Chilcotin Coast. Our physical land draws people to its overpowering radiance and we love showcasing this part of our character. Many resorts, guest ranches, festivals and events take advantage of an exciting wild west past that includes the history of our First Nations peoples, the fur trade, the gold rush and ranching. Imagine a coastline with thousands of kilometers of secluded coves, fjords, inlets, pristine beaches and rocky shores where you\u2019ll find what\u2019s arguably the world\u2019s best saltwater fishing and eco-adventures, providing up-close experiences with sea birds, bears, whales, dolphins and sea lions. First Nations villages along the central coast are rich in heritage and they take pride in sharing their stories. If your timing is right, you can witness one of nature\u2019s most remarkable feats when the salmon miraculously migrate back to their birthplace to spawn each year in the many rivers and streams throughout the region. [PAR] Mountain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Universe for Facts: Venus: Only Planet to Rotate Clockwise ... Universe for Facts: Venus: Only Planet to Rotate Clockwise (Fact of the Day) [PAR] Venus: Only Planet to Rotate Clockwise (Fact of the Day) [PAR] Posted by Universe for Facts at 8:18 PM [PAR] Venus (View of Venus's surface) [PAR] Venus is the only planet in our Solar system to rotate clockwise. The reason for it is still not known clearly. It is speculated or believed that it is due to the massive collisions during the early stages of its formations. [PAR] Also, Venus has by far the slowest rotation rate of any of the major planets. It rotates once every 243 Earth days. At the equator, the surface of Venus rotates at 6.5 km/hr compared to our Earth's rotation speed of 1,670 km/hr. A Venus year is about 1.92 Venus days long."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spain - Formula 1 Spain [PAR] FORMULA 1 GRAN PREMIO DE ESPA\u00d1A PIRELLI 2015 [PAR] Spain [PAR] Unfortunately, we are unable to play the video at this time. [PAR] Error Code: UNKNOWN [PAR] 1:21.670 by Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen (2008) [PAR] Fri 08 \u2013 Sun 10 May 2015 [PAR] Practice 1 [PAR] Next Previous [PAR] 1 / 5 [PAR] Nico Rosberg (GER) Mercedes AMG F1 W04 leads at the start of the race. Formula One World Championship, Rd5, Spanish Grand Prix, Race Day, Barcelona, Spain, Sunday 12 May 2013. [PAR] Race winner Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing celebrates on the podium with Peter Prodromou (GBR) Red Bull Racing Head of Aerodynamics. Formula One World Championship, Rd 5, Spanish Grand Prix, Race, Barcelona, Spain, Sunday, 22 May 2011. \u00a9 Sutton Motorsport Images [PAR] Race winner Michael Schumacher (GER) Ferrari F310 takes the adulation of his team from the pit wall at the end of the race. Spanish Grand Prix, Barcelona, Spain, 2 June 1996. [PAR] Race winner Nigel Mansell (GBR) Williams FW14 (left) and Ayrton Senna (BRA) McLaren MP4/6 drive wheel to wheel whilst fighting for the lead. Formula One Championship, Rd14, Spanish Grand Prix, Barcelona, Spain, 29 September 1991. [PAR] Fernando Alonso (ESP) Renault, second place. Formula One World Championship, Rd5, Spanish Grand Prix, Race Day, Barcelona, Spain, 8 May 2005. [PAR] The Formula One teams are no strangers to the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (formerly known as the Circuit de Catalunya); not only have they raced there every year since 1991, they also conduct extensive testing at the venue. [PAR] Familiarity does not, however, lessen the challenge for car or driver. Barcelona's mix of high- and low-speed corners, plus its abrasive and rather bumpy track surface, makes for a physically and mechanically taxing race. [PAR] Tyre wear is particularly high and the varying winds that cut across the circuit mean an optimum set-up can be hard to find. [PAR] For spectators Elf corner is among the best places to watch, as it is one of the track's few overtaking opportunities. For the drivers it is the final two turns, known collectively as New Holland, which provide one of the biggest challenges of the season. A fast exit is essential in order to maximise speed down the start-finish straight into Elf. [PAR] 2014 marked the 24th time Barcelona has hosted the Spanish Grand Prix. Michael Schumacher has been the most successful driver at the circuit, with a total of six victories. Among the current drivers, Kimi Raikkonen, Fernando Alonso, Sebastian Vettel, Lewis Hamilton and Felipe Massa have all won there."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many legs do centipedes and millipedes really have ... How many legs do centipedes and millipedes really have? Which creature has the most legs? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] How many legs do centipedes and millipedes really have? Which creature has the most legs? [PAR] Gus Smith, Hebden Bridge, England [PAR] The main difference is that centipedes have one pair of legs on each segment (two legs), and millipedes have two pairs - four legs - on each segment. I don't know what the record number of legs are though! [PAR] Benjy Arnold, London [PAR] Centipedes can have between 15 and 177 pairs of legs depending on the species (average 35 pairs), and millipedes can have up to 200 pairs. The main differences are that centipedes have one pair of legs on each segment of their bodies- millipedes have two. Centipedes are carnivorous, whilst millipedes feeed mainly on decaying vegetation. [PAR] William Barrett, London NW10 [PAR] The European centipede (Chilopoda) Himantarum gabrielis has up to 354 legs. The American millipede (Diplopoda) Illacme plenipes has up to 750 legs. Both of these type of arthropod reach up to about 30cm and both have poison glands - millipede (M) along the body, centipede (C) has fangs. M (about 8000 species) is a slow moving, detritivorous (decayed stuff) herbivore, has a rounded, quite rigid body, 2 pairs of legs per segment, generally nocturnal and has short antenna. C (about 3000 species) is fast moving, carnivorous, flatened, bendy body, 1 pair of legs per segment, comes out in the day, has long antenna and a tail looking like the antenna. Both are found world-wide. Does anyone think I should get out more? [PAR] Steve, Nantwich England [PAR] The American millipede (Diplopoda) Illacme plenipes only grows to 30 MILLIMETERS. FYI, those of you to lazy to check the validity of uncontrolled posts. [PAR] Paul R., Dallas USA[DOC] [TLE] Millipede - definition of millipede by The Free Dictionary Millipede - definition of millipede by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Millipede - definition of millipede by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/millipede [PAR] Related to millipede: centipede bite [PAR] mil\u00b7li\u00b7pede [PAR] also mil\u00b7le\u00b7pede (m\u012dl\u2032\u0259-p\u0113d\u2032) [PAR] n. [PAR] Any of various arthropods of the class Diplopoda, having a cylindrical segmented body with two pairs of legs attached to each segment except for the first four thoracic segments, and feeding chiefly on decaying organic matter. Also called diplopod. [PAR] [Latin m\u012blipeda, a kind of insect : m\u012blle, thousand; see gheslo- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + p\u0113s, ped-, foot; see ped- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] millipede [PAR] milleped [PAR] n [PAR] (Animals) any terrestrial herbivorous arthropod of the class Diplopoda, having a cylindrical body made up of many segments, each of which bears two pairs of walking legs. See also myriapod [PAR] [C17: from Latin, from mille thousand + p\u0113s foot] [PAR] mil\u2022li\u2022pede [PAR] (\u02c8m\u026al \u0259\u02ccpid) [PAR] n. [PAR] any terrestrial arthropod of the class Diplopoda, having a cylindrical body composed of 20 to more than 100 segments, each with two pairs of legs. [PAR] [1595\u20131605; < Latin m\u012blipeda (Pliny) =m\u012bli- milli - + -peda, derivative of p\u0113s, s. ped- foot ] [PAR] mil\u00b7li\u00b7pede [PAR] (m\u012dl\u2032\u0259-p\u0113d\u2032) [PAR] Any of various worm-like arthropods having a body composed of many narrow segments, most of which have two pairs of legs. Millipedes feed on plants and, unlike centipedes, do not have venomous pincers. Compare centipede . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] millipede - any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles Biography - the beginning, the rise, and the ... The Beatles Biography - the beginning, the rise, and the aftermath of the greatest band on earth [PAR] THE BEATLES BIOGRAPHY [PAR] Please visit freelance writer: John Bardinelli . [PAR] The Beatles Biography [PAR] The Beginning [PAR] How do you begin a biography of the Beatles? I mean honestly, what can you say that can summarize such a spectacular revolution, not only in music but in world consciousness? Their scope of influence stretches from music to film and even dabbles in politics and the art of friendship. Their story is inspiring, sparking many to get up out of their chairs and try something new. The Beatles pioneered so much in their short time together, changing the world for generations to come. [PAR] It all began in 1957, Liverpool England, the second most unlikely place in the world to give birth to stardom (the first being Demorest, Georgia). John Lennon had learned the banjo at a young age, moving quickly to the guitar and then starting his own band. Dubbed \"The Quarry Men\", this high school skiffle group played around Liverpool, changing members more frequently than they changed socks. Soon, a young Mr. Paul McCartney sauntered up to John in between concerts. After hearing him play the guitar, John said \"Hey. Join me band, we?ll become the most popular group in the world.\" Not wanting to appear anxious, Paul waited a day before saying \"Alright, sure.\" The famous Lennon-McCartney duo was born. [PAR] Eight months later Paul had a suggestion for a new recruit. Three years their junior, George Harrison was nonetheless a wizard on the guitar. John was hesitant to allow such a young person into the band, but George won him over. Two weeks before his 15th birthday, George officially became a member of the band. I don\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt know about you, but my fifteenth birthday wasn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt nearly as productive as his\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] The Quarry Men continued to play in and around Liverpool. Their name went through several changes over the coming months. After using and discarding the Quarry Men label, Johnny and the Moondogs enjoyed a brief stint, followed by The Nerk Twins. Finally, John hit upon something when he conjured \"The Beatals\" as their new official title, wanting an insect reference similar to Buddy Holly\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds \"The Crickets\", the whole beetle theme continued through their next five names: The Silver Beetles, The Silver Beats, The Beatles, The Silver Beatles. At last, after going through more metamorphoses than a caterpillar, the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsilver\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd was dropped (again), leaving the short and sweet, ultra catchy and very rememberable, The Beatles. [PAR] Some phenomenal changes were in the air as the universe began to stitch together the group that would spark so much change throughout the world. Though they didn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt know it at the time, but this group of young men were setting their foundation for their climb to the top of the world. All they needed was a big break. [PAR] The Ride to the Top [PAR] The Beatles did not immediately jump out to stardom. In fact, their climb was somewhat like a roller coaster, a slow clanking to the top, the suspense building and waiting for that first plunge over the hill. For months they toured Liverpool and the surrounding towns trying to build a fan base. Eventually they made their way Hamburg, playing to a particularly rowdy crowd. The boys were forced to rev-up their performance for the demanding audience, teaching them how to become true showmen. Upon returning to Liverpool, they discovered some of their fame"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madarosis (Eyelash Loss): Eye Care: Skincare Advice ... Madarosis (Eyelash Loss) - The Cosmetics Cop [PAR] eye care [PAR] Madarosis (Eyelash Loss) [PAR] Long, thick lashes are something most women want. For people who suffer from a condition called madarosis, the medical name for eyelash loss, this desirable look is difficult to achieve. This article discusses the options for stopping eyelash loss and possibly even getting back the enviable lashes you used to have! [PAR] In This Article: [PAR] Makeup Tips for Eyelash Loss [PAR] Long, thick lashes are something most women want, and no wonder: Dark, defined lashes make you look more awake, attractive, and even younger. But for people who suffer from a condition called madarosis, the medical name for eyelash loss, this desirable look is difficult to achieve. [PAR] Eyelash Loss (Madarosis) [PAR] Eyelash loss isn\u2019t life threatening in any way, but it is very frustrating and distressing. Adding to the frustration is that there is no one cause of madarosis, and so no one solution, either. It\u2019s enough to drive someone to despair, but there are options for stopping eyelash loss and possibly even getting back the enviable lashes you used to have! [PAR] Causes of Eyelash Loss [PAR] Before you decide that you have madarosis, you should know that in the same way that hair on your head regularly falls out and is replaced, all of us regularly lose and regrow eyelashes, too\u2014usually without even noticing it. [PAR] In the case of madarosis, however, there is profuse lash loss \u2013 some people wind up having no lashes at all. You probably won\u2019t even know why it\u2019s happening. As it turns out, there are various causes behind eyelash loss, the major ones of which are: [PAR] Ophthalmic Conditions: These include inflammation and infections of the eye. The most common condition associated with madarosis is chronic blepharitis \u2013 a recurring inflammation of the eyelid which has a variety of causes. They include bacterial infections, gland dysfunction, and even rosacea. In some cases, eyelash loss results from repeated inflammation destroying the hair follicles; in other cases, lashes are lost when a person continues to rub their eyes because of the irritation they\u2019re experiencing. [PAR] Dermatologic Conditions: Among the skin problems associated with madarosis are atopic dermatitis (also known as eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and post-menopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia (a form of female pattern baldness). In almost all these cases, eyelash loss results from the constant scratching and rubbing in response to the itching sensation brought on by these conditions. [PAR] Menopause: Diffuse hair loss on the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes is typical during and after menopause. The loss of estrogen stunts hair growth and can actually cause the destruction of hair follicles, leading to thinner, wispier hairs and lashes. [PAR] Systemic and Endocrine Disorders: Disorders of the thyroid gland \u2013 hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism \u2013 affect hair follicles, causing eyelashes to fall out. An autoimmune disorder called alopecia areata, which is associated with patchy loss of hair, also can lead to lash loss. [PAR] Medications: Unfortunately, some medications designed to improve other conditions can cause lashes to fall out. Research shows that oral anti-acne drugs such as isotretinoin, some anti-clotting medications, anti-cholesterol drugs, thyroid balancing drugs, and blood pressure medications have all been connected to madarosis, although in some cases lashes grow back once the medication has been stopped. A special case of eyelash loss occurs during chemotherapy treatment for cancer. Many patients suffer complete loss of all body hair, eyelashes and eyebrows included, but once the chemotherapy is completed, the hair begins to grow back. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Private Jet Charter Sabadell Airport (LELL) | Victor Private Jet Charter Sabadell Airport (LELL) | Victor [PAR] Charter a private jet [PAR] Sabadell Airport (LELL) [PAR] Sabadell Airport is a local private jet airport located in Catalunya, Spain suitable for a variety of private jets and its International Air Transport Association code is QSA. [PAR] With Victor, chartering private jets to and from Sabadell Airport has never been easier. [PAR] Airport Information"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sea Urchins - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Urchins [PAR] Purple sea urchin. From \"The Intertidal Zone.\" Courtesy of Bullfrog Films [PAR] and the National Film Board of Canada. [PAR] Sea Urchins [PAR] You could call sea urchins the porcupines of the sea. Like a porcupine's quills, sea urchins count on their long spines to deter hungry predators from making them a snack. In fact, the sea urchin gets its name from an Old English word for the spiny hedgehog, a land animal similar to the American porcupine. You can pick up most sea urchins without getting harmed--except for the long-spined sea urchin found in south Florida, whose poisonous sharp spines can penetrate human skin and break off. In cooler waters up north, more harmless varieties like the purple and green sea urchins predominate. [PAR] Sea urchins belong to the phylum Echinodermata--the same group as sea stars , sand dollars, sea lilies and sea cucumbers . Although difficult to see through all the spines, sea urchins also have a hard outer body like that of its relatives. Their outer skeleton--called a test--is made up of ten fused plates that encircle the the sea urchin like the slices of an orange. Every other section has holes through which the sea urchin can extend its tubed feet. These feet are controlled by a water vascular system. By changing the amount of water inside, the animal can extend or contract the feet to move about. Sea stars move around the same way (to view a movie of how sea stars move (~1.6M), click here ). Mainly sea urchins use their feet to hang on to the bottom while feeding, but they can move fast, walking on their feet, their spines, or even their teeth. [PAR] When a sea urchin dies, all its spines fall off, leaving only the test. If you look carefully at a test, you can see tiny bumps covering it where the spines were once connected. The base of the spines once fit over the bump like a snug-fitting cap. The spines can rotate extensively around this bump. In a live sea urchin, skin and muscle cover the test and can be pulled on to move the spines. [PAR] Underside of purple sea urchin. From \"The Intertidal Zone.\" Courtesy of Bullfrog Films [PAR] and the National Film Board of Canada. [PAR] Sea urchins eat using a structure called Aristotle's lantern. It is made up of five hard plates that come together like a beak. They use their beak-like mouth to scrape rocks clean of algae. This scraping can wear down the plates--so sea urchin teeth grow to replace worn-down ones. Their mouth is located on the underside of their body, while any wastes are excreted through the anus at the top of the animal. [PAR] Sea urchins mainly congregate in colder, offshore waters, but sometimes travel into shallower waters looking for food. The green sea urchin of New England is often found in tide pools and below the low-tide line. They also tend to shy away from light. Their tests grow to a size of three or four inches. [PAR] Sea urchins will eat just about anything that floats by. Its sharp teeth can scrape algae off rocks, and grind up plankton , kelp , periwinkles , and sometimes even barnacles and mussels . [PAR] Sea urchins are sought out as food by birds, sea stars , cod, lobsters, and foxes. In the northwest, sea otters are common predators of the purple sea urchin. Humans also seek out sea urchin eggs, or roe, for food. The eggs are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | This is Janet. This is John ... BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | This is Janet. This is John... all over again [PAR] This is Janet. This is John... all over again [PAR] By Finlo Rohrer [PAR] BBC News Magazine [PAR] Forget the modern updates, this Christmas you may find yourself getting a little literary slice of the 1950s. [PAR] Once upon a time, everybody learnt to read with Janet and John. [PAR] This apparently middle-class nuclear family featured Father - slicked hair, grey slacks, blank expression - and Mother - surprising Hepburn-esque cropped hair and primary colour clothes. [PAR] Then there was Janet - blonde hair in bunches, typically seen in a dress or a skirt - and John - curly reddish hair and always in shorts. [PAR] It was easy to imagine Father managing a small-town branch of Barclays, while Mother churned out jam for the WI. Over the years they have been wickedly parodied by Terry Wogan and others, and provided the backdrop for more inclusive views of family structure, such as Jenny lives with Eric and Martin. [PAR] Janet and John were not health and safety-obsessed [PAR] Enlarge Image [PAR] In 2001, when the books were \"updated\" for the modern generation, the perceived social stereotyping was toned down and more [ie any] ethnic minority characters were added. [PAR] But now the unashamedly middle England, middle 20th Century originals are back in print, and they are part of a major trend in publishing towards nostalgic facsimile editions of old favourites. [PAR] \"They don't make 'em like they used to.\" It's been a recurring sentiment in British culture for a long time. All the way back to the industrial revolution and beyond, people have been yearning for a time when standards, both of conception and construction, were supposedly better. [PAR] The proof of the ubiquity of this sentiment may arrive in your Christmas stocking in a few weeks time. [PAR] The wave of nostalgia that has gripped the publishing industry follows the success of Conn and Hal Iggulden's Dangerous Book for Boys. Published in 2006, it looked as though it could have been published in 1956. [PAR] Retro chic [PAR] As well as similar retro-styled modern adventure almanacs, publishers are scrabbling for books, particularly children's stories, from the 1950s and beyond, to lovingly reprint them in facsimile editions. Failing that they are taking modern content and giving it a 50s feel with foil lettering and retro design as is the case with Buster Books' boys annual, girls annual and How to Be the Best at Everything. [PAR] Scottish nostalgia-ites are also catered for [PAR] It's the literary equivalent of the fad for 70s Adidas trainers, says Graeme Neill, of the Bookseller magazine. [PAR] \"If we look at the publishing industry it has been behind popular culture by a number of years. People have wanted retro.\" [PAR] And it is clear - for the facsimile reprints if not the adventure annuals - that many of the books will be bought by adults, for adults. The Janet and John reprints are labelled \"humour\" as if to get the message across. [PAR] It's perhaps not just a case of reminiscing about one's own childhood, but also a harking back to the social and cultural values of another age. In a recent survey, respondents longed for old-fashioned sweet shops, bobbies on the beat, village fetes, district nurses, red telephone boxes, bus conductors and everything else 1950s. [PAR] And whether or not that world ever existed, there are many adults who want to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Q' is the only letter in the alphabet that does not ... 'Q' is the only letter in the alphabet that does not appear in the name of any of the 50 American states. [PAR] 'Q' is the only letter in the alphabet that does not appear in the name of any of the 50 American states. [PAR] More Facts On: Language & Words [PAR] 0 [PAR] SoTrueFacts [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] A San Francisco Highway Patrol Officer, called Kevin Briggs, has talked around 200 people out of suicide on the Golden Gate Bridge since 1994. [PAR] In an international study, participants who suppressed their crying or felt shame as they cried reported that they did not feel as good afterward. [PAR] Sociologists have found the worse the economy, the longer the women's skirts are and the better economy, the shorter the skirt. [PAR] Advertisements"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Does the Bible Say About Baptism? - AN OUTLINE OF ... What Does the Bible Say About Baptism? - AN OUTLINE OF BIBLICAL BAPTISM [PAR] What Does the Bible Say About Baptism? [PAR] Matthew 28:18-20 [PAR] \"And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.\" [PAR] Introduction: In the Bible, baptism is first introduced in Matthew 3:2-12 when John the Baptist began his ministry as the forerunner of Jesus Christ. John preached a simple message to the Jews that they were to repent of their sins in preparation for the coming of the Kingdom, which meant the appearance of the Messiah. Matthew 3:13-17 records that Jesus came down to the Jordan River and was baptized by John. [PAR] The Gospel of John records John the Baptist's proclamation of Jesus as the Messiah: [PAR] \"The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man, which is preferred before me: for he was before me. And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God.\" (John 1:29-34) [PAR] John's baptism was a baptism of repentance for Jews. It was clear that the word \"baptizo\" means that John immersed those he baptized in water. In Matthew 3:16 the New Testament records, \"And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him.\" The description is clear that John and Jesus were in the River Jordan and when as John lifted Jesus up from being immersed, the Holy Spirit descended on Him. This account gives no room for sprinkling as a means of baptism. [PAR] Prior to Jesus' ascension back into heaven, He gave the command to His disciples to baptize in the name of the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. This instituted what is referred to as believer's or Christian baptism. The disciples and those who followed them in preaching the Gospel were thus commanded to teach or disciple people of all nations and to baptize them. [PAR] Believer's baptism is taught in the New Testament as being a symbol or a picture of what has happened in the life of the person who, by faith, has believed in Jesus Christ and been saved by His grace. It is an illustration of what that has taken place in the new believer's heart, which cannot be outwardly observed when a person is saved. Salvation is followed by a public testimony of a person\ufffds belief in Jesus Christ. Paul states: [PAR] \ufffdThat if thou shalt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Simpsons - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia The Simpsons | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Dolby Digital 5.1 (2009\u2013present) [PAR] Original Run [PAR] December 17, 1989 \u2013 present [PAR] The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening and produced by the Fox Broadcasting Company . The main characters are a satire of a working-class family, consisting of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie. The series lampoons many aspects of American culture, society, politics and history. [PAR] The cartoon made its debut as 60-second animated bumpers for the The Tracey Ullman Show, with the first short airing on April 19, 1987. The shorts were then expanded into a full-length 30-minute television spin-off by 20th Century Fox, first airing on December 17, 1989. As of 2016, 27 seasons of the series have been produced, with the 28th season premiered on September 25, 2016. [PAR] The series currently holds the record for the longest-running prime-time sitcom in the US, running for 27 years since 1989, and becoming the longest-running program on FOX. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Main article: History of The Simpsons [PAR] The Simpsons were conceived in the lobby of James L. Brooks ' office by Matt Groening .He was asked to do a series of animated shorts, and decided to do his Life in Hell series; but since he realized that animating Life in Hell would require the rescinding of publication rights for his life's work, he chose another approach and formulated his version of a dysfunctional family. He named the characters after his own family, and substituted Bart for his own name; as it was an anagram of 'brat'. [PAR] The Original Simpsons: Left to Right, Maggie , Lisa , Marge , Homer and Bart . [PAR] The Simpsons first appeared to the world on April 19, 1987 on The Tracey Ullman Show . Groening submitted crudely drawn sketches of the family to the animators, assuming they would clean them up in production. However, the animators just re-traced over his drawings; that is why the Simpsons appear crudely drawn in the shorts. UK: 20th Century Fox. In 1989, a team of production companies adapted the Simpsons into a half-hour primetime series for FOX. FOX was initially nervous to air the Simpsons, as there hasn't been a cartoon in primetime since The Flintstones, and that they were unsure if they could keep the audience's attention for the duration of the episode. They proposed doing three seven-minute shorts and four specials until the audience adjusted, but the producers gambled for thirteen half-hour episodes for the series. The Simpsons was originally to premiere in the fall of 1989, with \" Some Enchanted Evening ,\" but when the episode came back from animation in Korea, it had major, major problems with it. James L. Brooks was extremely dissatisfied with the product and called for many parts of the episode to be redone. The producers then agreed to just go ahead and air \" Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire ,\" on December 17, 1989 as a Christmas Special. [PAR] Production [PAR] Executive Producers [PAR] Through the entire show's history, Matt Groening and James L. Brooks have served as the show's executive producers. Sam Simon was also in this position, although not credited. When Simon left in 1993, he arranged a deal to be credited as executive producer as well as get profits even though he no longer works on the show. [PAR] Writers [PAR] The first team of writers for The Simpsons was assembled by Sam Simon. These were: John Swartzwelder , Jon Vitti , George Meyer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Knowledge #5 - StudyBlue General Knowledge #5 - StudyBlue [PAR] Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. [PAR] General Knowledge #5 [PAR] What does the legal term \ufffdcaveat emptor\ufffd mean? [PAR] Let the buyer beware [PAR] Which Russian author wrote the novel A Month in the Country? [PAR] Ivan Turgenev [PAR] What do the initials UNICEF stand for? [PAR] United Nations International Children\ufffds Emergency Fund. [PAR] Who was the last king of Rome? [PAR] Tarquin the Proud. [PAR] Which opera was composed by Verdi for the opening of the Suez Canal? [PAR] Aida [PAR] Which important religious building contains the Kaaba? [PAR] Great Mosque at Mecca [PAR] Which French dramatist wrote Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme? [PAR] Moli\ufffdre [PAR] By what name was William Joyce known in World War II? [PAR] Lord Haw-Haw [PAR] A covey is the group name for what type of bird? [PAR] Partridge [PAR] Which English poet lived with his sister at Dove Cottage, Grasmere in the English Lake District? [PAR] Wordsworth [PAR] What is the medical name for short-sightedness? [PAR] Myopia [PAR] What name is given to the magical beliefs and practices associated particularly with Haiti? [PAR] Voodoo [PAR] Which fortified palace on a rocky hill in Granada is an outstanding example of Moorish architecture? [PAR] Alhambra [PAR] Which female aviator established records with solo flights to Australia, Tokyo and the Cape of Good Hope in the 1930s? [PAR] Amy Johnson, [PAR] In which year did Hillary and Tenzing become the first mountaineers to reach the summit of Mount Everest? [PAR] 1953 [PAR] What is the English name for the movement in French cinema called \ufffdnouvelle vague\ufffd? [PAR] New Wave [PAR] Who was the first president of the French Fifth Republic? [PAR] Charles De Gaulle [PAR] From which country did Iceland win total independence in June 1944? [PAR] Denmark [PAR] Which North American aquatic rodent is also known as a musquash? [PAR] Muskrat [PAR] What was the name of the raft used by Thor Heyerdahl on his 1947 expedition? [PAR] Kon-tiki, [PAR] Who sailed around the world in the yacht Gipsy Moth IV? [PAR] Sir Francis Chichester [PAR] In which Middle Eastern country is the Roman city of Jerash? [PAR] Jordan [PAR] On which mountain in Ireland (also known as The Reek) did St Patrick fast for 40 days and nights in 441AD? [PAR] Croagh Patrick [PAR] On which island is the poet Rupert Brooke buried? [PAR] Skyros [PAR] In which US state is the Spurr Volcano? [PAR] Alaska [PAR] Who was the first British-born astronaut to walk in space? [PAR] Dr Michael Foale [PAR] Which is the world\ufffds second largest desert? [PAR] Australian Desert, [PAR] Which flower has the Latin name Bellis perennis? [PAR] Common daisy, [PAR] The Ligurian Sea is an arm of which body of water? [PAR] Mediterranean Sea [PAR] Mossad is the secret service of which country? [PAR] Israel [PAR] In Greek mythology, who was the giant watchman with one hundred eyes? [PAR] Argos [PAR] Orly airport serves which city? [PAR] Paris [PAR] What \ufffdR\ufffd is the active form of vitamin A found in margarines, oily fish and dairy fats? [PAR] Retinol [PAR] Which South African surgeon performed the world\ufffds first successful heart transplant? [PAR] Dr Christiaan Barnard. [PAR] In which 1981 film do Jeremy Irons and Meryl Streep say farewell? [PAR] The French Lieutenant\ufffds Woman, [PAR] Named after a town in north-east India, which high quality tea with a delicate taste is known as the \ufffdChampagne of teas\ufffd? [PAR] Squid [PAR] What is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Only When I Laugh (TV Series 1979\u20131982) - IMDb Only When I Laugh (TV Series 1979\u20131982) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A rather naive, middle-class man is admitted to a hospital ward and finds that he is sharing it with a working-class layabout and an upper-class hypochondriac. All three of them cause headaches for the hospital staff. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Dr Thorpe becomes an unlikely sex object when nymphomaniac patient Fiona demands they run off together and has written a complaint letter to the hospital board, whose chairman is her father, unless ... [PAR] 8.3 [PAR] Dr Thorpe is telling Gupte that his dog Victor is not well but Gupte misunderstands and thinks he is talking about his son. The patients also fall prey to the misunderstanding, for various reasons ... [PAR] 8.0 [PAR] Glover is thrilled when Gloria Robins, the beautiful film star, is admitted to a woman's ward and is soon romancing her with flowers. Characteristically Figgis is cynical but even he falls under ... [PAR] 7.9 [PAR] a list of 521 titles [PAR] created 11 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 2127 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 123 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 16 titles [PAR] created 28 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Title: Only When I Laugh (1979\u20131982) [PAR] 7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Martin is a committee man. He has numerous schemes and committees organised around the neighbourhood. He is so obsessive about every detail of everything he does he is driving his long ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Richard Briers, Penelope Wilton, Peter Egan [PAR] Jacko is a house painter who \"appreciates\" women, he sees the best in each one of them and they in turn, like him. Will he find true love ? Will he settle down as he gets older ? [PAR] Stars: Karl Howman, Mike Walling, Jackie Lye [PAR] Wolfie Smith is an unemployed dreamer from Tooting London, a self proclaimed Urban Guerilla who aspires to be like his hero Che Guevara. Leading a small group called the Tooting Popular ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Robert Lindsay, Mike Grady, Hilda Braid [PAR] The Liverpool-based Boswell family are experts at exploiting the system to get by in life. Despite the fact that none of the Boswells are officially employed, they manage to live a fairly ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Jean Boht, Nick Conway, Jonathon Morris [PAR] Ria, a happily married suburban housewife, reaches the age where she feels as if life is passing her by. Being taken for granted by her butterfly collecting dentist husband doesn't help. So... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Wendy Craig, Geoffrey Palmer, Bruce Montague [PAR] Audrey fforbes-Hamilton is sad when her husband dies but is shocked when she realises that she has to leave Grantleigh Manor where her family has lived forever. The new owner is Richard De ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Penelope Keith, Peter Bowles, Angela Thorne [PAR] Comic goings on in this series set in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three Wise Monkeys | The Book of Threes Three Wise Monkeys | The Book of Threes [PAR] The Book of Threes [PAR] The Japanese names of the three wise monkeys are: [PAR] Mazaru: Speak no evil [PAR] Mikazaru: Hear no evil [PAR] [PAR] The three wise monkeys ( Japanese : \u4e09 \u733f , san\u2019en or sanzaru, or \u4e09 \u5339 \u306e \u733f , sanbiki no saru, literally \u201cthree monkeys\u201d), sometimes called the three mystic apes, [1] are a pictorial maxim . Together they embody the proverbial principle to \u201csee no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil\u201d. [2] The three monkeys are Mizaru, covering his eyes, who sees no evil; Kikazaru, covering his ears, who hears no evil; and Iwazaru, covering his mouth, who speaks no evil. [PAR] There are various meanings ascribed to the monkeys and the proverb including associations with being of good mind, speech and action. In the Western world the phrase is often used to refer to those who deal with impropriety by turning a blind eye . [3] [PAR] In English , the monkeys\u2019 names are often given as Mizaru, [4] Mikazaru, [5] and Mazaru, [6] but the last two names were corrupted from the Japanese originals. [7] [8] [PAR] partial source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_wise_monkeys[DOC] [TLE] three wise monkeys - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com three wise monkeys - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] Three wise monkeys [PAR] The three wise monkeys (Japanese: \u4e09\u733f Hepburn: san'en or sanzaru? alternatively \u4e09\u5339\u306e\u733f sanbiki no saru literally \"three monkeys\") sometimes called the three mystic apes are a pictorial maxim. Together they embody the proverbial principle \"see no evil hear no evil speak no evil\". The three monkeys are Mizaru covering his eyes who sees no evil; Kikazaru covering his ears who hears no evil; and Iwazaru covering his mouth who speaks no evil. There are various meanings ascribed to the monkeys and the proverb including associations with b ... (\u5c55\u5f00) being of good mind speech and action. In the Western world the phrase is often used to refer to those who deal with impropriety by turning a blind eye. Outside Japan the monkeys' names are sometimes given as Mizaru Mikazaru and Mazaru as the last two names were corrupted from the Japanese originals. The monkeys are Japanese macaques a common species in Japan. [PAR] The three wise monkeys (Japanese: \u4e09\u733f, Hepburn: san'en or sanzaru?, alternatively \u4e09\u5339\u306e\u733f sanbiki no saru, literally \"three monkeys\"), sometimes called the ... [PAR] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_wise_monkeys [PAR] Witchfynde Three Wise Monkeys,Three Wise Monkeys\u8bd5\u542c,Three Wise Monkeysmp3,Three Wise Monkeys\u4e0b\u8f7d,Three Wise Monkeys\u6b4c\u8bcd,Witchfynde\u4e13\u8f91 \u2026 [PAR] www.1ting.com/player/4e/player_264284.html [PAR] The 3 Wise Monkeys has been a Sydney icon since 2000. A multi level heritage listed building with three levels. Gastro pub- cocktail lounge & late night hot spot [PAR] https://www.3wisemonkeys.com.au [PAR] Three Wise Monkeys is a modern style Public House split over 4 floors in the heart of Colchester, Essex. The ground floor is an large Tap House serving a huge range ... [PAR] www.threewisemonkeyscolchester.com [PAR] The Three Wise Monkeys (3WM) are an independent band from Sydney Australia, writing and recording original instrumental compositions. Your support and interaction is ... [PAR] https://www.facebook.com/threewisemonkeysband"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Feller - Baseball Wiki - Wikia Bob Feller | Baseball Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Hall of Fame [PAR] Feller played for the Cleveland Indians , when he was only 17 years of age! His only team, for 18 years, being one of \"The Big Four\" Indians pitching rotation in the 1950s, along with Bob Lemon , Early Wynn and Mike Garcia . He ended his career with 266 victories and 2,581 strikeouts , and led the American League in strikeouts seven times. He pitched three no-hit games (1940, 1946, and 1951) and shares the major league record with 12 one-hitters. Feller was the first pitcher to win 20 or more games before the age of 21. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962 , his first year of eligibility, along with Jackie Robinson When he was 17 years of age, he struck out 17 batters; he and Kerry Wood are the only two players ever to strike out their age (Wood struck out 20 on May 6 , 1998 ). [PAR] Feller was taught to pitch by his father, an Iowa farmer who built a diamond for his son, and installed a generator and electric lights in his barn for night practice. He was signed by scout Cy Slapnicka for $ 1 and an autographed baseball. Upon being made GM of the Indians, Slapnicka transferred Feller's contract from Fargo-Moorhead to New Orleans to the majors without the pitcher so much as visiting either farm club, in clear violation of baseball rules. After a three-month investigation, Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis made it clear that he did not believe what Slapnicka or Cleveland president Alva Bradley said, but awarded Feller to the Indians anyway, partly due to the testimony of Feller and his father, who wanted Bob to play for Cleveland. [PAR] On the opening day of the 1940 season he pitched a no-hitter against the Chicago White Sox , with the help of a diving play on the final out by second baseman , Ray Mack . [PAR] When Feller retired in 1956 , he held the dubious major league record for most walks in a career (1,764). He still holds the 20th Century record for most walks in a season (208 in 1938 ). [PAR] In 1943, Feller married Virgina Winther (1916-1981), daughter of a Wisconsin industrialist. They had three sons, Steve (b. 1945), Martin (b. 1947), and Bruce (b.1950). He is still alive lives with his second wife, Anne Feller, in Gates Mills, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Edit [PAR] Feller was raised in the small town of Van Meter, Iowa. The son of a farmer, Bob did many arduous chores that made him physically fit. Many attribute his blazing fastball to this. He refers to his time in Iowa very fondly, and currently collects tractors, similar to the ones he used on the farm. [PAR] Military service [PAR] Edit [PAR] On December 8 , 1941 Feller enlisted in the Navy , volunteering immediately for combat service. He was chief of an anti-aircraft gun crew of the USS Alabama , and missed almost four seasons during his service in World War II (returning in late August 1945), being decorated with five campaign ribbons and eight battle stars . Many baseball historians have speculated that Feller would have won perhaps 350 games with well over 3,000 strikeouts had he not joined the military. [PAR] Feller's opinions and controversy [PAR] Edit [PAR] In Feller's later years, he has been very vocal about his resentment of the idea"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Empire State Building - Articlesbase Empire State Building [PAR] Empire State Building [PAR] May 06, 2010 \u2022 By witch \u2022 \u2022 1,435 Views [PAR] History [PAR] U.S. National Register of Historic Places [PAR] U.S. National Historic Landmark [PAR] New York, New York 10118 [PAR] United States [PAR] 404454.36 735908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556Coordinates: 404454.36 735908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556 [PAR] Architect: [PAR] NRHP Reference#: [PAR] 82001192 [PAR] The site of the Empire State Building was first developed as the John Thomson Farm in the late 18th century. At the time, a stream ran across the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, located a block away. Beginning in the late 19th century the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, frequented by The Four Hundred, the social elite of New York. [PAR] Design and construction [PAR] The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb from the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the building drawings in just two weeks, using its earlier designs for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by the architectural firm W.W. Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Every year the staff of the Empire State Building sends a Father's Day card to the staff at the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem to pay homage to its role as predecessor to the Empire State Building. The building was designed from the top down. The general contractors were The Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project was financed primarily by John J. Raskob and Pierre S. du Pont. The construction company was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former Governor of New York and James Farley's General Builders Supply Corporation supplied the building materials. John W. Bowser was project construction superintendant. [PAR] A worker bolts beams during construction; the Chrysler Building can be seen in the background. [PAR] Excavation of the site began on January 22, 1930, and construction on the building itself started symbolically on March 17t.Patrick's Dayer Al Smith's influence as Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. According to official accounts, five workers died during the construction. Governor Smith's grandchildren cut the ribbon on May 1, 1931. Lewis Wickes Hine's photography of the construction provides not only invaluable documentation of the construction, but also a glimpse into common day life of workers in that era. In particular the photo of a worker climbing a stay cable is talismanic of the era and the building itself. [PAR] The construction was part of an intense competition in New York for the title of \"world's tallest building\". Two other projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building, were still under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. Each held the title for less than a year, as the Empire State Building surpassed them upon its completion, just 410 days after construction commenced. The building was officially opened on May 1, 1931 in dramatic fashion, when United States President Herbert Hoover turned on the building's lights with the push of a button from Washington, D.C. Ironically, the first use of tower lights atop the Empire State Building, the following year, was for the purpose of signalling the victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt over Hoover in the presidential election of November 1932. [PAR] Opening [PAR] The building's opening coincided with the Great Depression in the United States, and as a result much of its office space went without"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the only bird that can swim but not fly ... What is the only bird that can swim but not fly? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the only bird that can swim but not fly? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The penguin is the only bird that can swim but not fly. These aquatic birds possess flipper-like wings and can spend as much as three-quarters of their lives in the sea. Penguins are almost exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere, ranging from northwestern South America to coastal Antarctica."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dead People Server - Celebrities and Notable People Who ... Dead People Server - Celebrities and Notable People Who Died in the Year 1977 [PAR] Dead People Server [PAR] 1976 * * 1978 [PAR] January [PAR] Peter Finch (actor) -- Dead. Heart attack. Died January 14, 1977. Born September 28, 1916. He was mad as hell in Network and won an Oscar for his performance posthumously. IMDb FindAGrave [PAR] Anais Nin (author) -- Dead. Ovarian cancer. Died January 14, 1977. Born February 21, 1903. Wrote Henry and June. [PAR] IMDb FindAGrave [PAR] Burt Mustin (actor) -- Dead. Died January 28, 1977. Born February 8, 1882. Played very tall, very old men in the '60s and '70s. IMDb [PAR] Freddie Prinze (comic) -- Dead. Self-inflicted gunshot wound. Died January 29, 1977. Born June 22, 1954. Chico and the Man. [PAR] IMDb FindAGrave [PAR] February [PAR] Andy Devine (actor) -- Dead. Heart attack. Died February 18, 1977. Born October 7, 1905. Acted in dozens of Westerns. IMDb [PAR] Eddie \"Rochester\" Anderson (actor) -- Dead. Cancer. Died February 28, 1977. Born September 18, 1905. Jack Benny 's \"butler.\" IMDb [PAR] March [PAR] Diana Hyland (actress) -- Dead. Cancer. Died March 25, 1977. Born January 25, 1936. The mother of teenagers in Eight Is Enough, she was dating teen heartthrob John Travolta at the time of her death. IMDb [PAR] April [PAR] May [PAR] Joan Crawford (actress) -- Dead. Cancer. Died May 10, 1977. Born March 23, 1908. Almost more famous for being the \"Mommie Dearest\" than for her acting, won an Oscar for Mildred Pierce, first wife of Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. . IMDb [PAR] June [PAR] Stephen Boyd (actor) -- Dead. Heart attack. Died June 2, 1977. Born July 4, 1928. Ben Hur's competitor. IMDb [PAR] Matthew Garber (kid actor) -- Dead. Died June 13, 1977. Born March 25, 1956. Cute kid in Disney movies like Mary Poppins and The Three Lives of Thomasina, Elizabeth at Reelclassics.com has done some amazing research on his death . IMDb [PAR] Alan Reed (voice) -- Dead. Died June 14, 1977. Born August 20, 1907. Voice of the original Fred Flintstone. IMDb [PAR] Wernher von Braun (physicist) -- Dead. Cancer. Died June 15, 1977. Born March 23, 1912. Father of Modern Rocketry. [PAR] July [PAR] August [PAR] Francis Gary Powers (pilot) -- Dead. Helicopter crash while flying over LA. Died August 1, 1977. Born August 17, 1929. U-2 pilot shot down over Soviet Union on May 1, 1960, during the height of the Cold War [PAR] Elvis Presley (musician) -- Dead. Died August 16, 1977. Born January 8, 1935. Groundbreaing rocker, roller, sometime actor, but Elvis sightings just aren't funny anymore. [PAR] Sebastian Cabot (actor) -- Dead. Died August 23, 1977. Born July 6, 1917. Family Affair. IMDb [PAR] Hans Augusto Rey (illustrator of children's books) -- Dead. Died August 26, 1977. Born 1899. [PAR] September [PAR] Ethel Waters (actress) -- Dead. Heart disease. Died September 1, 1977. Born October 31, 1896. Member of the Wedding. [PAR] Zero Mostel (actor) -- Dead. Died September 8, 1977. Born February 28, 1915. A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. IMDb [PAR] October [PAR] Bing Crosby (singer) -- Dead. Heart attack on a Spanish golf course. Died October 14, 1977. Born May 3, 1903. [PAR] IMDb [PAR] November [PAR] Guy Lombardo (bandleader) -- Dead. Died November 5, 1977. Born June 19, 1902. It used to be traditional to welcome in the New Year listening to Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians play \"Olde Lang Syne\". IMDb [PAR] Richard Carlson (actor) -- Dead. Died November 24,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pontius Pilate - Gospel Mysteries Pontius Pilate [PAR] Pontius Pilate [PAR] Pontius Pilate was the Roman official who gave the final order for the crucifixion. According to the gospels, he actually believed that Jesus was innocent, and wanted to save him, but was pressured into ordering his death by the Jewish religious leaders and a disorderly crowd of spectators. [PAR] Why did Pilate give in to the pressure even though he believed that Jesus was innocent? To try to answer this question, we first need to examine his previous life and how it may have affected his attitudes and his character. [PAR] Some evidence suggests that Pilate had served as an officer in the Roman army before he was sent to Judea. If so, he probably came from the equestrian (knightly) class of Romans, one step down from the senatorial class. But he may have gained some additional status through marriage, because one source says that his wife, Claudia Procula, was a niece of Emperor Tiberius. [PAR] He was appointed to his position in Judea in 26 AD, and held it for about ten years. His official title, Praefect, is usually translated as \"governor\". His two main duties were to keep order in the country and to make sure that all imperial tax revenues were collected and sent to Rome. [PAR] The Jewish historians Josephus and Philo describe Pontius Pilate as a stubborn, inflexible, and cruel man who had no respect for the Jewish people. Perhaps because of his military background, he may have sometimes used force when it wasn't necessary. On one occasion he told his soldiers to disguise themselves in civilian clothes, with their swords hidden under their cloaks, and mingle with a crowd of demonstrators. After they were in position, he signaled for them to pull out their weapons and attack. In the ensuing bloodbath, hundreds of people were killed. [PAR] But Pilate may not have been any more brutal than other governors of Judea, because harsh measures were often necessary to keep the province under control. Most of the population felt an intense hatred for the Romans, and any small dispute could quickly develop into a riot or uprising. Trouble was especially likely during the annual Passover festival, when people from all over the country gathered in Jerusalem. For that reason, Roman governors always made it a point to be in the city at that time. [PAR] It was during one such Passover festival that Jesus was brought before Pilate. The governor was apparently irritated at having to deal with the case, perhaps because it was brought to him quite early in the morning. The early start was prompted by the Jewish religious leaders, who evidently wanted quick action on the case. Some scholars have suggested that they pushed for quick action in order to allow less time for the followers of Jesus to organize a protest in his support. Because he was very popular among the common people, such a protest could have attracted large crowds and possibly even developed into a riot. [PAR] Actually, most of the people in Jerusalem probably didn't even know that Jesus was in custody, because he had been arrested very late the previous night. A group of armed men, aided by the traitor Judas Iscariot, had seized him and brought him to the Jewish leaders. These leaders wanted to get rid of Jesus because many people believed that he was the Messiah, and this made him a threat to their religious authority. But they didn't want the general public to blame them for his death, so when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hey, It's Friday. Wanna Argue About the Beatles' Last Album? 'Abbey Road' vs. 'Let It Be': Which Was the Beatles' Last Album? - Rolling Stone [PAR] The 100 Greatest Beatles Songs [PAR] It's a grey area what counts as a Beatles album and what's merely a Beatles project. (In the 1970s, fans argued over whether Hey Jude and Hollywood Bowl were official Beatles albums. Nobody argues about that anymore.) Capitol, for obvious reasons, would probably like to err on the side of counting projects as albums, although they still show heroic restraint and taste when it comes to respecting the core canon. (Like, they count Magical Mystery Tour as an official album, but they know better than to make claims for The Beatles' Reel Music.) [PAR] Anyone would have to agree Let It Be is in the grey area, but from my fan perspective, it's on the Hey Jude side of the line, along with Yellow Submarine. If you want to claim the Beatles made 11 studio albums, I can see that, and if you want to claim the Beatles made 13 studio albums, counting Let It Be and Yellow Submarine, I can see that too. I can even see stretching it to 14 with Hey Jude. (That one was a Capitol hodgepodge from early 1970.) [PAR] Magical Mystery Tour is in the grey area \u2013 the Beatles released it as a 6-song U.K. EP, but it got padded into a U.S.-only 1967 album, so it's about as legit as Hey Jude. But it's been a long time since I've heard anyone try to read it out of the canon, and it's a case where sheer quality makes a difference. (Not even a strict-constructionist hardliner would claim the EP is better because it leaves out \"Strawberry Fields Forever.\") If someone tried to argue the Beatles only made 10 albums, because Magical Mystery Tour, Yellow Submarine and Let It Be are mere footnotes, I would basically assume they were an idiot, regardless of whether or not it's a valid point. (All idiots have a valid point, right? Not having a valid point doesn't make you an \"idiot,\" just a \"rock critic.\") [PAR] So let's put it this way. Let It Be is the final Beatles album, not Abbey Road. . . but only if it's a Beatles album. Can you argue that Let It Be is a Beatles album, yet not the Beatles' final album? No, not really, because it includes a tiny amount of music they made in 1970. So here's my reluctant conclusion, at least as of today. I like Abbey Road better. Sentimentally, for me, it's the one I think of as the end. However, unfortunately, Let It Be is the last Beatles album. I would love it if you could change my mind about that. [PAR] Don\u2019t Miss a Story [PAR] Sign up for our newsletter to receive breaking news directly in your inbox. [PAR] We may use your e-mail address to send you the newsletter and offers that may interest you, on behalf of Rolling Stone and its partners. For more information please read our Privacy Policy [PAR] How we use your email address [PAR] Trending [PAR] Ranked on a scale from 1 to 10, the trending score reflects the number of users reading a story in real time. [PAR] What is this?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ants, Ant Pictures, Ant Facts - National Geographic Ants, Ant Pictures, Ant Facts - National Geographic [PAR] Ants can lift and carry more than three times their own weight. [PAR] Size relative to a paper clip: [PAR] Ants are common insects, but they have some unique capabilities. More than 10,000 known ant species occur around the world. They are especially prevalent in tropical forests, where they may be up to half of all the insects living in some locations. [PAR] Ants look much like termites, and the two are often confused\u2014especially by nervous homeowners. However, ants have a narrow \"waist\" between the abdomen and thorax, which termites do not. Ants also have large heads, elbowed antennae, and powerful jaws. These insects belong to the order Hymenoptera, which includes wasps and bees. [PAR] Enthusiastically social insects, ants typically live in structured nest communities that may be located underground, in ground-level mounds, or in trees. Carpenter ants nest in wood and can be destructive to buildings. Some species, such as army ants, defy the norm and do not have permanent homes, instead seeking out food for their enormous colonies during periods of migration. [PAR] Ant communities are headed by a queen or queens, whose function in life is to lay thousands of eggs that will ensure the survival of the colony. Workers (the ants typically seen by humans) are wingless females that never reproduce, but instead forage for food, care for the queen's offspring, work on the nest, protect the community, and perform many other duties. [PAR] Male ants often have only one role\u2014mating with the queen. After they have performed this function, they may die. [PAR] Ants communicate and cooperate by using chemicals that can alert others to danger or lead them to a promising food source. They typically eat nectar, seeds, fungus, or insects. However, some species have diets that are more unusual. Army ants may prey on reptiles, birds, or even small mammals. [PAR] One Amazon species (Allomerus decemarticulatus) cooperatively builds extensive traps from plant fiber. These traps have many holes and, when an insect steps on one, hundreds of ants inside use the openings to seize it with their jaws. [PAR] Another species, the yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes), is capable of forming so-called supercolonies that house multiple queens. On Australia\u2019s Christmas Island, the accidental introduction of yellow crazy ants in the early 20th century has led to a destructive infestation. The ants are a significant threat to the island\u2019s endemic population of red crabs, which are displaced by the ants from their burrows or killed as they pass through ant nest sites during the crabs' large-scale annual migration from the forest to the coast.[DOC] [TLE] Amazing facts about ants | OneKind Amazing Facts about Ants - OneKind [PAR] OneKind [PAR] Animal A-Z [PAR] Ant [PAR] Ant societies have division of labour, communication between individuals, and the ability to solve complex problems. These parallels with human societies have long been an inspiration and subject of study. [PAR] Find more animals like this [PAR] omnivore [PAR] Amazing Facts About the Ant [PAR] Ants are social insects which form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies which may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. [PAR] Ants communicate and cooperate by using chemicals (pheromones) that can alert others to danger or lead them to a promising food source. [PAR] Ant communities are headed by a queen or queens, whose function in life is to lay thousands of eggs that will ensure the survival"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alexander Graham Bell Facts for Kids - Telephone ... Alexander Graham Bell Facts for Kids - Telephone, Inventions, Quotes [PAR] [PAR] Check out our fun facts for kids that feature interesting trivia, quotes and information related to a range of famous scientists. [PAR] Alexander Graham Bell Facts [PAR] Learn about the man credited with the invention of the first practical telephone with our Alexander Graham Bell facts for kids. Find out about his life growing up in Scotland, his move to Canada, his study of sound and his many experiments and inventions. Read on and enjoy our range of interesting facts and information related to Alexander Graham Bell. [PAR] [PAR] Alexander Graham Bell was an influential scientist, engineer and inventor. [PAR] He was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He died on August 2, 1922 at the age of 75. [PAR] He is widely credited with the invention of the first practical telephone. [PAR] Bell\u2019s mother and wife were both deaf, this had a major influence on his work. [PAR] He didn\u2019t have the middle name \u201cGraham\u201d until he turned 11 when his father gave it to him as a birthday present. He\u2019d earlier asked to have a middle name like his two brothers. [PAR] Bell became an excellent piano player at a young age. [PAR] When he was 23, Bell and his parents moved to Canada. [PAR] Bell studied the human voice and worked with various schools for the deaf. [PAR] Bell experimented with sound, working with devices such as a \u2018harmonic telegraph\u2019 (used to send multiple messages over a single wire) and a \u2018phonautograph\u2019 (used to record sound). [PAR] He worked on acoustic telegraphy with his assistant, an electrical designer named Thomas Watson. [PAR] On February 14, 1876, Bell and an American electrical engineer named Elisha Gray both filed patents with the U.S. Patent Office covering the transmission of sounds telegraphically. There is debate about who got there first but the patent was awarded to Bell. A few days later he succeeded in getting his telephone to work using elements similar to those of Gray\u2019s water transmitter. [PAR] Bell\u2019s first words with the working telephone were spoken to his assistant Watson and were along the lines of \u201cMr Watson, come here. I want to see you.\u201d [PAR] Bell improved on the design and by 1886 more than 150000 people owned telephones in the United States. [PAR] Bell also had a strong interest in other scientific fields, conducting medical research, searching for alternative fuel sources, experimenting with metal detectors, developing hydrofoil watercraft and much more. [PAR] Famous Alexander Graham Bell quotes include: \"Before anything else, preparation is the key to success.\" [PAR] \"A man, as a general rule, owes very little to what he is born with - a man is what he makes of himself.\" [PAR] \"The day will come when the man at the telephone will be able to see the distant person to whom he is speaking.\" [PAR] \"The inventor looks upon the world and is not contented with things as they are. He wants to improve whatever he sees, he wants to benefit the world; he is haunted by an idea. The spirit of invention possesses him, seeking materialization.\" [PAR] Alexander Graham Bell[DOC] [TLE] Alexander Graham Bell 169th birth anniversary: Top 5 ... Alexander Graham Bell 169th birth anniversary: Top 5 things to know about this American inventor - India.com [PAR] \u00bb Buzz [PAR] Alexander Graham Bell 169th birth anniversary: Top 5 things to know about this American inventor [PAR] As we remember Alexander Graham Bell on his 169th birth anniversary,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lady Lever Art Gallery - Gallery in Port Sunlight, Port ... Lady Lever Art Gallery - Gallery in Port Sunlight, Port Sunlight - Visit Liverpool [PAR] You are here: Things To Do > Lady Lever Art Gallery [PAR] Lady Lever Art Gallery [PAR] Note: Prices are a guide only and may change on a daily basis. [PAR] About [PAR] The Lady Lever Art Gallery is regarded as one of the finest art galleries in Europe. It's located in model village, Port Sunlight in Wirral, a place rich in architectural charm. [PAR] The gallery was founded by William Hesketh Lever (1851-1925) and is dedicated to his wife Elizabeth, Lady Lever. Lever wanted to share his collections with the public and the works on display at the gallery have been personally selected. [PAR] Inside the gallery, visitors will find the best of Lever's personal art collection and the finest collection of Wedgewood jasperware anywhere in the world. The Pre-Raphaelite painting collection is internationally renowned and features works by Millais, Rossetti, Burne-Jones and Holman Hunt. [PAR] For younger visitors, the activity rooms are an interactive space where they can get hands-on and have fun with crafts, dressing up and story telling. [PAR] Lady Lever often houses temporary exhibitions and popular free events, be sure to check the website before visiting. [PAR] Before leaving, browse the gift shop or enjoy a bite to eat in the Gallery Cafe. [PAR] All Areas Accessible to Disabled Visitors [PAR] Cafe/Restaurant [PAR] Guided Tours Available for Groups [PAR] Large Parties [PAR] Map & Directions [PAR] Road Directions [PAR] From Liverpool: Go through the Birkenhead (Queensway) Tunnel (\u00a31.40 toll for cars, \u00a34.20 for coaches). Once you leave the tunnel follow signs for Port Sunlight, driving along A41(New Chester Road) - the gallery is sign posted all the way from the tunnel and situated opposite Port Sunlight Museum. [PAR] From elsewhere: Leave the M53 at junction 4, follow the B5137 and take the second left onto the B5136 towards Port Sunlight. Follow the brown and white road signs for Port Sunlight Village. Once you are in the village follow the signs for Lady Lever Art Gallery. [PAR] Public Transport Directions [PAR] By Train: [PAR] The nearest station is Bebington although Port Sunlight is also within walking distance. They are both on the Chester and Ellesmere Port Merseyrail lines. Leave the station and come out onto Old Chester Road (use the ramp if you require level access). Turn left, cross at the traffic lights, then turn left again down Bebington Road, passing under the railway bridge. Turn next right down Greendale Road. Continue along the pavement on the same side as the cottages for approximately 400 yards until you see the Leverhulme memorial and the Lady Lever Art Gallery on your left. Take the pathway on your left leading into Windy Bank and towards the memorial and the gallery. The entrance to the gallery is to the right side of the building opposite the fountain. [PAR] By bus: [PAR] Take number 464 to Bebington Road bus stop (starts at Sir Thomas Street in Liverpool city centre) or number 38 to Bebington rail station bus stop (runs between Clatterbridge Hospital and West Kirby station). Once you get off the bus refer to the above directions from Bebington railway station. [PAR] TripAdvisor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Armadillos, Armadillo Pictures, Armadillo Facts - National ... Armadillos, Armadillo Pictures, Armadillo Facts - National Geographic [PAR] 3 oz to 120 lbs (85 g to 54 kg) [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] The nine-banded armadillo\u2019s hapless propensity for being run over by cars has earned it the nickname \u201cHillbilly Speed Bump.\u201d [PAR] Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man: [PAR] Of the 20 varieties of armadillo, all but one live in Latin America. The familiar nine-banded armadillo is the only species that includes the United States in its range. [PAR] Armadillo is a Spanish word meaning \u201clittle armored one\u201d and refers to the bony plates that cover the back, head, legs, and tail of most of these odd looking creatures. Armadillos are the only living mammals that wear such shells. [PAR] Closely related to anteaters and sloths, armadillos generally have a pointy or shovel-shaped snout and small eyes. They vary widely in size and color, from the 6-inch-long (15-centimeter-long), salmon-colored pink fairy armadillo to the 5-foot-long (1.5-meter-long), dark-brown giant armadillos. Others have black, red, gray, or yellowish coloring. [PAR] Contrary to popular belief, not all armadillos are able to encase themselves in their shells. In fact, only the three-banded armadillo can, curling its head and back feet and contorting its shell into a hard ball that confounds would-be predators. [PAR] Habitat and Diet [PAR] Armadillos live in temperate and warm habitats, including rain forests, grasslands, and semi-deserts. Because of their low metabolic rate and lack of fat stores, cold is their enemy, and spates of intemperate weather can wipe out whole populations. [PAR] Most species dig burrows and sleep prolifically, up to 16 hours per day, foraging in the early morning and evening for beetles, ants, termites, and other insects. They have very poor eyesight, and utilize their keen sense of smell to hunt. Strong legs and huge front claws are used for digging, and long, sticky tongues for extracting ants and termites from their tunnels. In addition to bugs, armadillos eat small vertebrates, plants, and some fruit, as well as the occassional carrion meal.[DOC] [TLE] Animals, Animals and More Animals: Armadillos - Maria Ny Animals, Animals and More Animals: Armadillos [PAR] Armadillos [PAR] There are 20 recognized species of armadillo found in warm grassland and open forests from southern United States through most of South America. Armadillos can't live anywhere it's cold or dry because they have slow metabolisms and are not well insulated by fat. This makes them particularly susceptible to heat and water loss. The only species found in the United States is the nine-banded armadillo. The nine-banded also lives in Latin America, where the other 19 species can also be found. [PAR] Armadillo is a Spanish one that means \"little armored one\". The armadillo is the only mammal that has over 2,000 large, solid plates of skin-covered bones that cover its back, head, legs and tail. These plates are connected by overlapping bands that encircle the armadillo's body, allowing it to bend. But, it is not very flexible. Most armadillos have pointy or shovel-shaped snouts, small eyes, strong legs and huge front claws that are ideal for digging. [PAR] Armadillos range greatly in size and color. The smallest species, the pink fairy armadillo, from the plains of western Argentina, measures only about 6 inches (15 cm) in length and weighs just 3 ounces. The largest species, the giant armadillo, found in the eastern part of South America, measures up to 5 feet (1.5 m) long and weighs up to 130 pounds. The pink fairy armadillo is salmon-colored, while other species of armadillo are black,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] R.D. Blackmore biography - Essaylet.com R.D. Blackmore biography [PAR] R.D. Blackmore (1825\u20131900), English novelist and fruit grower wrote Lorna Doone (1869) [PAR] Biography: [PAR] With his elder brother Henry (1824\u20131875), Blackmore spent much of his childhood in the lush and pastoral \"Doone Country\" of Exmoor, Devon, and along the Badgworthy Water (where there is now a memorial stone in Blackmore's honour) and among the future fictional Doone Valley's towering hills. The severe and remote rocky areas of Devon provided protection for many fugitives at the time where justice was swift and penalties harsh. Blackmore would hear of many tales of highway robbery and murder among illiterate half-wild men living on the edge of survival. [PAR] Richard Doddridge Blackmore was born 7 June 1825 at the vicarage in Longworth, Berkshire County, son of the Reverend John Blackmore (1794\u20131858). His mother, Anne Basset Knight (1794\u20131825) died of typhus when Richard was a mere three months old and so he was raised by his aunt Mary Francis Knight. They lived on the rugged and remote North Shore of the Bristol Channel near Glamorgan though young Richard travelled south often to visit his father and paternal grandfather in Devon. By 1832 he was living with his father again after he had married his second wife, Charlotte Ann Platt in 1831. [PAR] He started his education at Squire\u2019s Grammar School in South Molton, Devon, then went on to the same school his father had attended, Blundell's School, during which he lived in the village for the week and would go home on Sundays. One of the boys he lodged with would later become archbishop of Canterbury. In the harsh and narrow circumstances he experienced the severe discipline and corporal punishment that some say later led to his epilepsy, though Blackmore does not make Blundell's out to be so monstrous in Lorna Doone. The grammar school gave him a solid background for his career as a man of letters and he won a scholarship for Exeter College, Oxford, earning a degree in the Classics in 1847. He became a Barrister of the Middle Temple in 1852 but never practiced due to his epilepsy. [PAR] Without his father's knowledge, R.D. Blackmore married Lucy Maguire (1822?\u20131888), daughter of a laundress and a Roman Catholic, on 8 November 1853 at Holy Trinity Church, London. Lucy would later become a member of the Church of England. They would not have their own children but did adopt Eva, a niece of Lucy's. The Classics Master taught Latin and Greek at Wellesley House grammar school for a time, before, owing to an inheritance left him by his uncle the Rev. H.H. Knight of Neath in 1860, he and Lucy moved to rural Teddington, built \"Gomer House\" named after his beloved dog and planted an orchard. [PAR] Never losing touch of his classicist education, he became an avid horticulturist and farmer of apples and pears while working on translations of Horace and Virgil. He wrote essays, articles and stories on the subject of fruit growing. One in particular, The farm and fruit of old: a translation in verse of the first and second georgics of Virgil, by a market gardener (1862) would prove to be a significant step in his becoming an author of fiction. From 1883 he was a member of the Royal Horticultural Society. Blackmore published many of his first works of verse under the pseudonym Melanter (Greek for \u2018more black\u2019) including Poems by Melanter (1853), Epullia (1855), and The Bugle of the Black Sea (1855), about the Crimean War. His first novel, with poetic imagery and autobiographical narrative"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ohsweken Aces win Iroquois Nations Cup | Inside Lacrosse Ohsweken Aces win Iroquois Nations Cup | Inside Lacrosse [PAR] NLL [PAR] Ohsweken Aces win Iroquois Nations Cup [PAR] Lacrosse players from Six Nations earned bragging rights over the weekend at Onondaga Nation as the Ohsweken Aces captured their fourth Iroquois Nations Cup gold medal in the last five years. Pitted against fellow Six Nations squad, the Frog Pond Maulers, the Aces overcame a slow start in a grudge match that featured former, current and futures stars of the NCAA ranks, the NLL, the Major Series and the Junior A circuit in Ontario. Additionally, nearly the entire Iroquois Nationals roster \u0096 except for a few faces \u0096 was in participation at some point during the tournament. [PAR] The Iroquois Nations Cup, held since 1997, brings together teams from New York and Canada with the winner\u0092s assuming the right to call their reservation home to the best lacrosse players in the Iroquois community, which could likely mean the entire world. Eight teams participated this past weekend, including a crew from British Columbia, coming together at Tsha`hon`nonyen`dacha, also known as Onondaga Nation arena, for a celebration of the sport. (If you were ever in search of a hand-made, all-wooden stick, this was the place to score one.) [PAR] With the two teams representing Six Nations surviving through the tournament, there was no question that the reservation, considered the largest First Nation of Canada, continues to produce some of the most talented lacrosse players on the globe. Comprised of members of Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora nations, the reserve sits on some 46,000 acres in Southern Ontario, about 60 miles west of Buffalo. With as many as 25,000 citizens, the territory \u0096 also known as Six Nations of the Grand River \u0096 boasts a large pool of players, most of whom have been playing the sport since as far back as they can remember. [PAR] Many of the players meeting on the floor in the gold medal game have been or are current teammates on anyone of the Six Nations teams competing in the Ontario Lacrosse Association, including the Chiefs (Senior A, Major Series Lacrosse), the Arrows Express (Junior A), and the Rebels (Junior B). [PAR] The Frog Pond Maulers came out firing early, scoring 23 seconds into the contest on a picture-perfect one-timer from NLL veteran Kim Squire (Ontario Raiders, Rock, Knighthawks, Bandits) to Jordan Johnson. The Aces responded quickly, as 2009 OLA Junior A MVP Randy Staats took a pass from Peter Jacobs (Knighthawks) and dove through the Maulers defense, stuffing a shot past Randy Johnson to tie the game. [PAR] The Maulers, however, scored the next three goals, as Carney Johnson, Haweniyohsta Green and Ben Powless each netted tallies putting the score at 4-1 Maulers with less than 7 minutes remaining in the first period. The Aces battled back, as Jacobs scored off a pick-and-roll pass from former Syracuse University and Onondaga Community standout Cody Jamieson, fresh off his number-one overall selection in the NLL draft by the Rochester Knighthawks. [PAR] Less than a minute later, Six Nations Arrows star Alex Kedoh Hill \u0096 drafted this month by the Edmonton Rush \u0096 found Vaugh Harris to bring the Aces within one. But then Wayne Van Every, who led all Junior B scorers in Ontario this past summer and was recently drafted by the Buffalo Bandits, drove to the net and put the lead back at two for the Maulers. [PAR] Before the period ended, the audience was treated to the highlight of the day, as Squire \u0096"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zorro (character) - Disney Wiki - Wikia Zorro (character) | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Zorro is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1950s television series by Disney . The character was originally created in 1919 by New York\u2013based pulp writer Johnston McCulley, and has been featured in numerous books, films and television series. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Zorro [PAR] Zorro is actually the secret identity of Don Diego de la Vega. After being asked to return home from Spain by his father, Diego soon learns that his beloved Los Angeles is under the control of a dictator Captain Enrique Monastario. However, as to not arouse any suspicion, Diego takes on the persona of a fop: An arrogant scholar who could seen mainly as a useless and lazy clown. However, by night, Diego dons his mask, cape and sword to ride as Zorro. He is always hunted by the inept soldier, but they can never capture him. He is loved by the people, who see the outlaw as a hero, for Zorro fights corruption and tyranny, and it was thanks to him. Monastario is then arrested and removed from power. [PAR] However, many others would follow Monastario's views, or Zorro would fight banditos and other villains who dare to cross him. By riding atop his mount Tornado, his very fast and very intelligent horse, no one can catch Zorro, and no one will. [PAR] Gallery[DOC] [TLE] Zorro (Character) - Comic Vine Zorro (Character) - Comic Vine [PAR] The Zorro wiki last edited by RazielWraith on 11/28/16 09:20AM View full history [PAR] Origin [PAR] Due to Zorro being a character in the public domain his history often changes but his origin regardless as follows: Don Diego became Zorro to \"avenge the helpless, to punish cruel politicians and to aid the oppressed\". [PAR] Creation [PAR] Zorro was created by Johnston McCulley, and originally debuted in print in the 1919 novella, The Curse of Capistrano. His public domain status is disputed. [PAR] Character Evolution [PAR] Zorro is said to be a long legendary crusader who is only to appear in great times of hardship and oppression, this theme is passed down throughout the ages and would seem to be a recurring theme. [PAR] The mark of Zorro has remained the same and unchanged; a capital Z with no less than the best classic swordsmanship. His sword is traditionally a stainless steel double-edged fencing sword and not a massive medieval long sword. The caped vigilante rarely fights with a shield and has always rode a black horse. [PAR] Zorro, like any other comic character, has experienced various changes to his outfit, which also vary depending on the comic writer. But he consistently has a black mask covering his eyes only, a black hat or bandanna covering his head and has black air and brown eyes (quite common for a Spaniard living in the colonial era of California). He wears black clothing; black fencing gloves and a loose black top consisting of lace instead of buttons, but this sometimes changes to a simple black top (buttons with or without). [PAR] He has kept his black trousers, black boots and black horse (supposedly untamable by any one but himself). His fights have often ended in deaths of his enemies as they are usually of commanding statuses and therefore there would be no other way to rid the people of corruption other than this way. He tries to be stealthy as his name would suggest ( Zorro is Spanish for fox) much like Batman , but in times of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rugby Dictionary; Terminology | Bleacher Report Rugby Dictionary; Terminology | Bleacher Report [PAR] Rugby Dictionary; Terminology [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse more stories [PAR] (Photo by David Rogers/Getty Images) [PAR] 3.0K [PAR] 0 [PAR] Comments [PAR] If you play rugby or just enjoy watching it, you will always have an idea on what is happening on the field, you\u2019ll scream from anger when your favorite player will get tackled in the head, because you\u2019ll know that a rule was broken, you\u2019ll always jump from excitement when you\u2019ll see a thunderous tackle performed, because it is legal, and surely you will cry from happiness when your favorite team will score a game winning try on the last minute, because it\u2019s just the way you wanted it be. [PAR] [PAR] But almost everyone (some of the readers are professionals, which means they understand everything) will agree with me that there are moments when you just don\u2019t understand what\u2019s going on during the match. [PAR] [PAR] Referee shouts a word that you have no idea about, players start moving in a strange direction and you don\u2019t understand why, a yellow card is pulled out without a reason (at least you think so) and so on. Nobody\u2019s knowledge about this sport is perfect, including mine, so I decided to write this article to make some terms and situations clearer. [PAR] Most of the terminology you\u2019ll understand, but I\u2019m sure there will be a word or two you haven\u2019t heard and would like to know. [PAR] [PAR] So here is the rugby terminology: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ankle tap [PAR] An ankle-tap or tap-tackle is a form of tackle. It is used when the player carrying the ball is running at speed and a defending player is approaching from behind. [PAR] [PAR] Even if the defender is not able to get close enough to the ball-carrier to wrap his arms around him in a conventional tackle, he may still be able to dive at the other player's feet and, with outstretched arm, deliver a tap or hook to the player's foot (or feet) causing the player to stumble. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Advantage line [PAR] Also called the gain line. It is an imaginary line drawn across the centre of the pitch when there is a breakdown in open play, such as a ruck, maul or scrum. Advancing across the gain line represents a gain in territory. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Advantage [PAR] \"Advantage\" is the period of time after an infringement, in which the non-offending side has the opportunity to gain sufficient territory or tactical opportunity to negate the need to stop the game due to the infringement. [PAR] [PAR] The referee will signal advantage with their arm out horizontally, toward the non-infringing team. If no tactical or territorial advantage is gained, the referee will whistle, and give the decision that had been delayed. If sufficient advantage is gained, the referee will call \"advantage over\", and play will continue. [PAR] [PAR] The Advantage Law allows the game to flow more freely, and not stop for every minor infringement. An example of the application of advantage would be if Team A knocked the ball on (technical offence, conceding a scrum) but a Team B player picked the ball up and made a run forward before being tackled. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ball back [PAR] If the ball enters touch, then play is restarted by a line-out at the point where the ball left the field of play. The exception to this is if the ball is kicked into touch on the full. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hawaiian Alphabet - New Server Hawaiian Alphabet [PAR] Hawaiian Alphabet [PAR] (See also \"Hawaiian Culture\" on Big Island , Kauai , Lanai , Maui , Molokai , or Oahu ) [PAR] The Hawaiian language was an oral tradition. The Hawaiian alphabet (piapa), was written by 19th century missionaries. The alphabet contains 12 letters: 5 vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and 7 consonants (h, k, l, m, n, p, w). To simplify pronunciation, sound consonants as in English and break up words so they are easy to say e.g., Waianapanapa sounds like Wai-a-napa-napa. [PAR] Pronounce vowels as follows: [PAR] a - a in above; e - e in bet; i - ee in see; o - o in sole; u - oo in moon. [PAR] pronounce stressed vowels marked by a macron (-) like unstressed vowels except for a - a in far and e - ay in pay. e.g. M\u00e3noa is pronounced Mah-noa. The word for macron in Hawaiian is kahak\u00f5. [PAR] pronounce vowels marked by a glottal stop (`) quickly e.g., o`o sounds like oh-oh! in English. The word for glottal in Hawaiian is 'okina. [PAR] stress rising dipthongs (ae, ai, ao, au, oi, ou, eu, ei) on the first letter and end with a short e, i, o or u e.g., oi sounds like oy in boy, ending with a short \"i\". [PAR] NOTE: [PAR] Placement of macrons and glottals can change the meaning of Hawaiian words. However, current browser technology does not facilitate universal and uniform application and utilization of these diacritical marks by browser fonts and search engines. As a result, we have been unable to use them on this site."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which clubs have Latin on their badges? | Football | The ... Which clubs have Latin on their badges? | Football | The Guardian [PAR] The Knowledge [PAR] Which clubs have Latin on their badges? [PAR] Plus: big-money flops, the worst league in the world, and the longest gap between England caps. Email knowledge@guardian.co.uk [PAR] Arsenal's Clive Allen - but not for long [PAR] Tuesday 31 August 2004 05.49 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 31 August 2004 05.49 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] \"Which British football clubs currently have, or have had, Latin words or phrases on their club badges?\" asks Robin Jouglah. \"Can I have translations too?\" [PAR] By our reckoning, Robin, there are currently four Premiership sides whose badges still dabble in the noble (but very dead) language of Latin. The Blackburn Rovers motto is \"Arte et labore,\" which means \"by skill and labour\". More controversial is the inscription on Everton's badge, which reads \"Nil satis nisi optimum\" and roughly translates as \"Nothing but the best is good enough\". Rumours that the Goodison authorities are thinking of adding \"unless the price is right\" have so far proved unfounded. [PAR] Manchester City's motto is \"Superbia in proelia,\" which as every Latin scholar knows means \"Pride in battle,\" while Spurs rejoice in the SAS-like exhortation \"Audere est facere,\" or \"To dare is to do\". [PAR] In the lower leagues, Sheffield Wednesday boast of \"Consilio et anamis\" - which means \"intelligence and courage\" - while Bristol City share their motto of \"Vim promovet insitam\" (\"Promotes your inner power\") with the city's university. Gillingham claim to be the \"domus clamantium\", or \"home of the shouting men\". [PAR] North of the border, Kilmarnock have the monopoly on Latin in the Premierleague with their simple but classy \"Confidemus\", or \"We trust\". Elgin City win the comedy rosette for their \"Sic itur astra\", meaning \"Thus we reach the stars\". But the prize for non-pretentiousness goes to Queens Park, who play at Hampden but are currently in the Scottish third division. They meekly suggest \"Ludere causa ludendi,\" which means \"to play for the sake of playing\". [PAR] WHAT A LOAD OF RUBBISH [PAR] \"Who is the most expensive player to never make a first-team appearance for his club?\" asks Antonia Fraser. [PAR] One of the earliest known flops is Clive Allen, who joined Arsenal from QPR on June 13, 1980 for \u00a31.25m and left for Crystal Palace two months later for the same price - a fortune in those innocent days. \"There were rumours at the time of a deal with Palace based on the premise that QPR would not sell him directly to Palace,\" reckons Howard Nurtman. \"While \u00a31.25m does not pay for a competent groundsman these days, the deal was the equivalent of Newcastle buying Wayne Rooney and then swapping him for Ruud van Nistelrooy without playing him.\" [PAR] Both John Hudson and Theodore Kamena mention the strange case of Nicolas Medina, who joined Sunderland from Aregntinos Juniors in June 2001 for \u00a33.5m and has done very little since. Now, strictly speaking, Medina played in an FA Cup third-round replay against Bolton in January 2003 but, as John Hudson points out, \"both clubs had fielded weakened sides, viewing the Cup as less important than their ongoing relegation battles\". Medina, incidentally, is now the proud owner of an Olympic gold medal. [PAR] Moving up the evolutionary ladder we reach the Croatian defender Robert Jarni, who signed for Coventry for \u00a34.5m in August 1998. \"He watched a friendly with his wife,\" says Tim Ward, \"who allegedly told him he couldn't"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Johnny Depp Characters - Page 2 of 2 Top 10 Johnny Depp Characters - Page 2 of 2 [PAR] Top 10 Johnny Depp Characters [PAR] Image Source [PAR] Portrayed as an american gangster and bank-robber in the Depression-era United States. He was charged, but never convicted, with the murder of an East Chicago police officer. This was his only kill. Dillinger embraced the criminal lifestyle behind bars in the Indiana State Prison in Michigan City. Upon being admitted to the prison he is quoted as saying, \u201cI will be the meanest bastard you ever saw when I get out of here. [PAR] [PAR] Image Source [PAR] Willy Wonka\u2019s behavior is viewed more as a sympathetic character flaw. These aspects of Wonka\u2019s personality are explained in Burton\u2019s version by a strained, conflicted relationship with his father, the dentist Wilbur Wonka \u2013 a character created exclusively for this film. Wonka had a traumatic childhood, as his father locked him into dreadful orthodontics that bore more resemblance to a medieval torture device, and every Halloween, he would burn his son\u2019s candy in the fireplace. Eventually, Willy tastes chocolate after sneaking a piece that had fallen from the fire, and starts getting ideas for other candies. Shortly after, he runs away from home when his father forbids him from becoming a candy maker. When he becomes an adult, Wonka opens his own candy store, with Grandpa Joe being one of Wonka\u2019s first employees. Then several of Wonka\u2019s rivals, notably Mr. Slugworth, plant spies in Wonka\u2019s factory to steal Wonka\u2019s recipes. Wonka became very concerned that his rivals might ruin him and he closed his factory forever by sending all his workers home not sure of which one has been helping his rivals. Additionally, in Burton\u2019s film, Wonka initially refuses to allow Charlie to bring his family to his factory. An eventual reconciliation between Wonka and his father causes Wonka to change his mind and allow Charlie\u2019s family to move in with him as well. [PAR] [PAR] Image Source [PAR] The sensitive and misunderstood creation of an inventor. After the inventor\u2019s death, he was left all alone in the castle without regular hands. Meet Edward Scissorhands. The inventor was inspired to make an artificial man due to the anthropomorphic appearance of his other inventions. His final result was a humanlike young boy who had everything except for hands, but the inventor had a heart attack and died while in the act of creating a pair of real hands for Edward, leaving him \u201cunfinished\u201d forever. His isolation allowed him to live without a sense of reality, seems cruel to everyone, he has the intrinsic goodness which few possess. [PAR] [PAR] Image Source [PAR] In Tim Burton\u2019s 2010 version of Alice in Wonderland, the Hatter is portrayed by Johnny Depp. He is very brave and loyal to the White Queen, and becomes very emotionally attached to Alice and goes to great lengths to protect her. In this version, his full name is Tarrant Hightopp. Burton explained that Depp \u201ctried to find a grounding to the character, something that you feel, as opposed to just being mad. In a lot of versions it\u2019s a very one-note kind of character and you know his goal was to try and bring out a human side to the strangeness of the character.\u201d The orange hair is an allusion to the mercury poisoning suffered by many hatters who used mercury to cure pelts. According to Depp: \u201cI think he was poisoned, very, very poisoned, and it was coming out through his hair, through his fingernails and eyes.\u201d In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shazam - Shazam Wiki - Wikia Shazam | Shazam Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Jerry O'Connell (Voice) [PAR] Shazam (formerly known as Captain Marvel) is a superhero in the DC Comics Universe and the protector of Fawcett City . In his secret identity, he is William Joseph \"Billy\" Batson, a young boy who was chosen to be a champion of good by the wizard Shazam . Whenever Billy speaks the wizard's name, he is struck by a magic thunderbolt that transforms him into an adult superhero empowered with the abilities of six legendary figures. [PAR] Throughout his many adventures, Captain Marvel has fought countless enemies, the most famous being Doctor Sivana , Black Adam and Mister Mind . However, he has also earned many allies, such as Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr , forming the Marvel Family . [PAR] Historically, Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics #2 . However, after the Crisis on Infinite Earths significantly altered the character's history, Captain Marvel's first appearance in the Modern Age of Comic Books was in History of the DC Universe #2 . After the reboot of the DC Universe (Post-Flashpoint), the character was renamed Shazam and was re-introduced in Justice League (Volume 2) #7. [PAR] Before DC Comics gained ownership of the character, Captain Marvel was originally a property of Fawcett Comcs . However, a copyright infringement lawsuit from DC Comics stated that Captain Marvel was an illegal infringement of Superman . This caused Fawcett to cease publishing Captain Marvel-comics, but DC Comics gained ownership of the Marvel Family characters and returned them to publication. [PAR] Contents [PAR] History [PAR] Origins [PAR] Billy Batson and his sister Mary were born to archaeologists C. C. and Marylin Batson. Billy's parents were killed by their treacherous assistant, Theo Adam , while on a dig at the tomb of Rameses II at Abu Simbel, Egypt. He also kidnaps Billy's sister Mary, who ends up missing. [PAR] Billy was separated from his sister Mary following the death of their parents and left in the care of their uncle Ebenezer, his father's half-brother. Unfortunately, Ebenezer threw Billy out and stole the youth's trust fund money which had been set aside for Billy's care and welfare. Left penniless and homeless, Billy eked out a sorrowful existence in Fawcett City as a newsboy. For shelter, he often slept in the subway terminals. [PAR] One night, a mysterious stranger - later revealed to be the spirit of Billy's father - convinced Billy to follow him deep into the subway tunnels. There, Billy found a marvelous train decorated in hieroglyphics and mystic runes. Billy and the stranger rode the train deep into the bowles of the earth and arrived in a cavern that held statues epitomizing the Seven Deadly Enemies of Man , including Envy, Lust, Greed, Pride, Wrath, Sloth, and Gluttony. Within the cavern, Billy met the ancient wizard Shazam, a champion of mankind for thousands of years. Withered with age, Shazam sat on a throne poised benaeth a giant stone block suspended above him as if by magic. [PAR] There, the ancient wizard revealed that he had selected Billy to be his champion to fight for good as the \"strongest and mightiest man in the world--Captain Marvel!\" To that end, Shazam ordered Billy to speak his name, which was actually an acronym for various legendary figures who had agreed to grant aspects of themselves to a willing subject: [PAR] S - for the wisdom of Solomon H - for the strength of Hercules A - for the stamina of Atlas Z - for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry VIII - Find Out More About This Historic English ... Henry VIII - Find Out More About This Historic English Monarch | Historic Royal Palaces [PAR] Henry VIII [PAR] r 1509-47 [PAR] Famous for having six wives [PAR] \u2018Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived.\u2019 Henry VIII did indeed marry six times, but had only three legitimate children. [PAR] Henry VIII at the palaces [PAR] Henry VIII is famous for having six wives two of whom he executed at the Tower of London . [PAR] Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England \u2013 all to get his first divorce. This also allowed him to seize church land and property (a great help in financing costly European wars). Under Henry VIII, England witnessed the wholesale destruction of beautiful monastic buildings and libraries. [PAR] Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn, had proved unable to provide him with the son he so desperately sought. Anxious to marry again, he accused Anne of adultery and treason; she was quite probably innocent. [PAR] Henry VIII's fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was quite possibly guilty of the same charge: being the twenty-something young wife of a 50-year-old man was no defence. [PAR] Henry VIII took Hampton Court Palace from his chief minister Thomas Wolsey and rebuilt it. His third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to Henry\u2019s only legitimate son, Prince Edward, at the palace, and died soon afterwards. Henry VIII married his sixth and last wife, Kateryn Parr, at Hampton Court. [PAR] Though famous for his wives and over-indulgence, Henry VIII also presided over a Renaissance court where new ideas, new art and new architecture flourished. He established England as a real player on the European stage once again, remodelled government, and encouraged \u2018modern\u2019 notions of personality politics and self-publicity. [PAR] The next Tudor to make good use of the Tower was his daughter Mary who imprisoned his other daughter Elizabeth .[DOC] [TLE] Anne Boleyn second wife of King Henry Vlll on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about Anne Boleyn second wife of King Henry Vlll on Pinterest | Anne boleyn, Henry VIII and Queen anne [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] Anne Boleyn second wife of King Henry Vlll [PAR] The ups and downs of Anne's life. The King wanted a male heir. Anne was coy with him and finally became his bride. She lived an exciting 1000 days with him. She gave him the baby who became Elizabeth I. Many have suggested if it wasn't for her overbearing father looking for power, he pushed her into this marriage, hoping it would elevate his status. [PAR] 685 Pins254 Followers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1954 British Open Golf Tournament: Thomson's Run Begins Complete List of British Open Winners [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] Updated January 13, 2017. [PAR] Below is the full list of British Open winners dating to the founding of the Open Championship in the mid-19th century. Before we see the list, though, let's start with the oldest major's winningest golfers. [PAR] The Most-Frequent Winners of the Open [PAR] 6 wins - Harry Vardon, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1911, 1914 [PAR] 5 wins - James Braid, 1901, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1910 [PAR] 5 wins - J.H. Taylor, 1894, 1895, 1900, 1909, 1913 [PAR] 5 wins - Peter Thomson, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1965 [PAR] 5 wins - Tom Watson, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1983 [PAR] 4 wins - Old Tom Morris, Young Tom Morris, Willie Park Sr., Walter Hagen, Bobby Locke [PAR] 3 wins - Jamie Anderson, Bob Ferguson, Bobby Jones, Henry Cotton, Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus, Seve Ballesteros, Nick Faldo, Tiger Woods [PAR] 2 wins - Bob Martin, Willie Park Jr., Harold Hilton, Arnold Palmer, Lee Trevino, Greg Norman, Padraig Harrington, Ernie Els [PAR] The Full Roster of British Open Champions [PAR] Here are all the winners in Open Championship history (a-amateur): [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What Size Bike Should I Buy?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Munich Agreement Signed. Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain ... Munich Agreement Signed. Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain, Daladier - British Path\u00e9 [PAR] British Path\u00e9 [PAR] Unused / unissued material - no paperwork - dates unclear or unknown [PAR] Germany. [PAR] German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian leader Benito Mussolini ('Il Duce') stand with other German Nazi leaders around a table presumably signing the Munich Agreement - 29/09/1938. [PAR] Different angle - Mussolini, Hitler, Hermann Goering, Count Galeazzo Ciano (?), Heinrich Himmler and Rudolf Hess. [PAR] Good shots of Hitler and Mussolini together. [PAR] Hitler signs the pact. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signs. Mussolini signs. SV of Mussolini signing. French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier signs. Two shot of Hitler and Mussolini talking. CU of the Munich Pact. Various shots of the Four leaders with aides. Goering is also wandering around. [PAR] Sound track unusable - Some spacing between shots. Copy of UN 50 V and UN 111 G. Alternative spelling for search purposes - Chamberlin. [PAR] Tags[DOC] [TLE] Munich Signing - Mussolini, Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler ... Munich Signing - Mussolini, Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler - British Path\u00e9 [PAR] Unused / unissued material - no paperwork - dates unclear or unknown [PAR] Germany. [PAR] German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian leader Benito Mussolini ('Il Duce') stand with other German Nazi leaders around a table presumably signing the Munich Agreement - 29/09/1938. [PAR] Different angle - Mussolini, Hitler, Hermann Goering, Count Galeazzo Ciano (?), Heinrich Himmler and Rudolf Hess. [PAR] Good shots of Hitler and Mussolini together. [PAR] Hitler signs the pact. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signs. Mussolini signs. SV of Mussolini signing. French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier signs. Two shot of Hitler and Mussolini talking. CU of the Munich Pact. Various shots of the Four leaders with aides. Goering is also wandering around. [PAR] Sound track unusable - Some spacing between shots. Copy of UN 50 V. Alternative spelling for search purposes - Chamberlin. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Freshwater Ichthyofauna of Solovetsky Islands (White Sea ... Show more authors [PAR] Abstract [PAR] The Solovetsky Islands are located in the central part of the White Sea (Arctic Ocean). The species composition and distribution patterns of freshwater ichthyofauna were studied in various watersheds of the two biggest islands of the Solovetsky Archipelago, Bolshoi Solovetsky and Anser, affected differently by eco\ufffd nomic activities. The research was performed in 1989\u20132012; in total, 40 lakes were studied. Two main groups of species were defined in regard to the original and historical data, aboriginal and introduced. Aboriginal species include rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), perch (Perca fluviatilis), pike (Esox lucius), roach (Rutilus rutilus), burbot (Lota lota), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Pungitius pungitius), and ruff (Gymnocephalus cernuus). Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), brown trout (Salmo trutta), ven\ufffd dace (Coregonus albula), tench (Tinca tinca), and goldfish (Carassius auratus) are the introduced species. The origin of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and ide (Leuciscus idus) remains unknown. The current distribution of all studied species is patchy and varies significantly between the lakes, and the origin of particular species should be found individually for each lake. [PAR] Discover the world's research [PAR] CitationsCitations1 [PAR] ReferencesReferences47[DOC] [TLE] Solovets Islands | islands, Russia | Britannica.com Solovets Islands | islands, Russia | Britannica.com [PAR] Solovets Islands [PAR] Isles of Scilly [PAR] Solovets Islands, Russian Solovetskiye Osstrova, group of islands, Arkhangelsk oblast (province), northwestern Russia . The group lies in the White Sea at its junction with the Onega Bay. The archipelago consists of three large islands, Solovets, Bolshoy (Great) Muksalma, and Anzersky, as well as several smaller ones; it has a total area of 134 square miles (347 square km). The islands are largely rocky, consisting of granites and gneisses, with an irregular hilly surface covered with mixed forest and marshy in areas. The highest point on the islands, Mount Golgofa on Anzersky, reaches 351 feet (107 m). The Solovets Monastery, one of the largest in Russia, was founded in the 15th century on Solovets Island. In 1974 the Solovets Islands were designated a state historic and nature preserve. [PAR] Monastery on Solovets Island, Arkhangelsk oblast, Russia. [PAR] Dodonov Vyacheslav Nikolayevich [PAR] in White Sea [PAR] ...of the sea is badly broken up. In the northwest lies the Kandalaksha Hollow with its sharply formed sides that apparently originated as a fault. In the southern portion is an elevation known as the Solovets Islands. Many small underwater elevations are found in the Onega Inlet. Sandy underwater ridges, created by inflowing currents, prevail in the Gorlo Strait, Voronka, and the Mezen mouth. The... [PAR] 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] White Sea (in White Sea ) [PAR] External Links [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Massimo Busacca - The Full Wiki Massimo Busacca - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Massimo Busacca [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Massimo Busacca [PAR] Massimo Busacca in March 2009 [PAR] Born [PAR] February 6, 1969 (1969-02-06) (age 41) [PAR] Bellinzona, Switzerland [PAR] 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) [PAR] Weight [PAR] 74 kg [PAR] Massimo Busacca (born 6 February 1969 in Bellinzona ) is a top Swiss football referee . He lives in Monte Carasso , an Italian -speaking part of Switzerland near Bellinzona, and is also the proprietor of a business. [1] [PAR] Busacca used to play football in a lower division in Ticino , then he worked for a petroleum company in the Middle East. He became a referee in 1990. [2] He has been a referee in the Swiss Super League since 1996, and a FIFA referee since 1999. [PAR] Busacca enjoys skiing and tennis , and his hobbies include travelling. [3] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Busacca was chosen to be a referee at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany . [PAR] While refereeing a World Cup match between Ukraine and Spain , Busacca made a decision against Vladislav Vaschuk , giving the player a red card and awarding a penalty kick against Ukraine in the 47th minute of the match. Multiple angles of the infraction showed no physical contact inside the penalty area , preceded by a tug on the pants of Fernando Torres in the penalty area by Vladislav Vaschuk . David Villa of Spain slotted home the resulting penalty against Ukrainian keeper Oleksandr Shovkovsky . The refereeing decision was criticized by numerous fans. However, it is unlikely that the outcome of the match might have been altered as, before that penalty kick, Spain were up 2-0 and dominating the game both in possession and goal chances. Observers point out that subsequently, in a similar situation involving Ukraine 's Andriy Voronin and the Spanish defence, the referee decided no foul had occurred. [PAR] In a later match in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, he was criticised for not showing the red card to Argentinian defender Gabriel Heinze after an errant throw by Argentinian goalkeeper Roberto Abbondanzieri resulted in a breakaway by Mexican striker Francisco Fonseca and a subsequent foul by Heinze. Bussacca decided to only give Heinze a yellow card , despite the Argentinian being the last man to beat. [PAR] Busacca was one of the twelve referees who remained in the play-off rounds from the quarter finals onwards. [PAR] 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident [PAR] Main article: 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident [PAR] Busacca refereed an infamous Swiss Super League match on the last day of the 2005-2006 season between Basel and Z\u00fcrich at St. Jakob Park in Basel . Basel, who hadn't lost at home in the past 59 league matches at St. Jakob Park, only needed a draw to secure their fourth championship in five years. The game was still tied at the 90-minute mark, but at the end of the very last minute of stoppage time, Z\u00fcrich defender Iulian Filipescu scored the winning goal, immediately followed by Busacca's final whistle. At that point, many fans, mostly Basel fans, stormed the field. Basel supporters attacked Z\u00fcrich players and fought with Z\u00fcrich supporters. More trouble continued outside the park throughout the night. [PAR] 2007"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana & Vajrayana ... The Branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana & Vajrayana - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] The Branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana & Vajrayana [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: The Dalai Lama: Tibetan Buddhism [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:01 Branches of Buddhism [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. [PAR] Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. [PAR] Personalize: [PAR] Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. [PAR] Organize: [PAR] Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. [PAR] Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. [PAR] Teacher Edition: [PAR] Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the \"Teacher\" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your \"Teacher\" tab. [PAR] Premium Edition: [PAR] You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. [PAR] Create an account to start this course today [PAR] Try it free for 5 days! [PAR] Lesson Transcript [PAR] Instructor: Jessica Whittemore [PAR] Jessica has taught junior high History and college seminar courses. She has a master's degree in Education. [PAR] This lesson will explore the three main branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. It will also highlight Pure Land and Tantric Buddhism, as well as the belief in nirvana and the bodhisattva. [PAR] Branches of Buddhism [PAR] Most world religions have different sects or branches, each with their own school of thought. For instance, Christianity has Lutheranism and Evangelicalism, while Islam has their Sunni and Shiites. Similarly, Buddhism can be broken down into three main schools. They are Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Vajrayana Buddhism. In today's lesson, we'll explore these main branches of this faith. [PAR] Theravada [PAR] Being that it's the most conservative, or orthodox, branch of Buddhism, we'll start with Theravada Buddhism. Being a very strict, more monastic branch of Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism holds most firmly to the original"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Understanding Food Phobias - Verywell Understanding Food Phobias [PAR] Fear of Food [PAR] Sometimes mistaken for an eating disorder, cibophobia is actually the fear of food. [PAR] Those with eating disorders generally draw a link between eating and body image , while people with cibophobia fear the food itself. [PAR] Cibophobia typically falls into patterns. Some people are afraid of highly perishable foods such as mayonnaise. Others worry about underdone meat or items that are nearing their expiration dates. Some people with cibophobia are afraid to cook, while some refuse to eat food cooked by others. [PAR] Coping with cibophobia can be challenging. Studying recipes, familiarizing yourself with a wide range of foods and cooking techniques and gradually expanding your horizons may help with mild fears. More serious symptoms might require the assistance of a mental health professional. [PAR] Fear of Cooking [PAR] Mageirocophobia, or the fear of cooking, falls into numerous subtypes. You might worry about the social repercussions of presentation or food quality. Maybe you obsess over doneness, concerned that you might overcook or undercook the food. [PAR] Or perhaps you are afraid of the cooking process, injuring yourself in the kitchen or having trouble following a recipe. [PAR] A subset of mageirocophobia hits legions of home cooks during the winter holidays. Playfully named \"diemeleagrisphobia,\" or \"die, fear of turkeys,\" by Food Network celebrity Alton Brown, the fear of cooking a holiday turkey can be intense. [PAR] Dozens of TV specials, websites and even a special Butterball Turkey Talk-Line are in place to help home cooks through their annual festivities. [PAR] Coping strategies for the fear of cooking depends on the severity and the exact fear that you have. In many cases, giving yourself extra time, serving only familiar recipes to guests and enlisting the help of family members can go a long way toward easing anxiety. If you are unable to ease your own fears, seeking the help of a cooking teacher or mental health professional may be necessary. [PAR] Fear of New Foods [PAR] Especially common in kids, food neophobia occasionally turns into a lifelong fear of trying new foods. Many sufferers have trouble only with certain categories of food, such as sushi or offal, or with particular textures. Others are afraid to try any new food at all. Food neophobia is related to neophobia, or the fear of new things, as well as the fear of the unknown. [PAR] Fear of Vomiting [PAR] The fear of vomiting, or emetophobia, can cause wildly restricted eating patterns. [PAR] You may worry that a particular food is undercooked or spoiled. You might refuse to eat things that you perceive as stomach-upsetting, such as spicy dishes or raw vegetables. Some people refuse to eat at all when they are out in public or do not have easy access to a restroom. The fear of vomiting may be linked to the fear of losing control; in extreme cases, it could eventually lead to agoraphobia . [PAR] Source: [PAR] American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author. [PAR] Continue Reading"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Make Caipirinha, Brazil's National Cocktail How to Make Caipirinha, Brazil's National Cocktail [PAR] By Ilkka Siren on [PAR] May 17, 2016 [PAR] If you're wondering how to make caipirinha, let's start by saying that caipirinha is made with Brazil \u2019s national distilled spirit cacha\u00e7a. It\u2019s often called \u201cBrazilian Rum\u201d but that isn\u2019t exactly the case. Rum is often distilled from a sugarcane byproduct, molasses, whereas Cacha\u00e7a is fermented and distilled straight from the sugarcane juice. They might sound similar on paper, but in the glass it\u2019s a whole different world. [PAR] It's safe to say that globally Cacha\u00e7a is hugely undervalued. It\u2019s seen as the cheap South American booze unworthy of any serious tasting. Only Brazilians and people who have lived there drink it. That might have been true in the past when the general attitude was \u201cno matter how they make it or who makes it, it all tastes the same\u201d. [PAR] Nowadays you can find a wide range of small distilleries that make everything from site-specific \u201cterroir\u201d cacha\u00e7as to old barrel aged ones with the panache of old rums and whiskies. [PAR] In a relatively short time a deep appreciation of cacha\u00e7a has emerged and people have really started getting geeky with it. It is usually consumed with traditional Brazilian food like feijoada, surrounded by friends and family while noisily discussing important things like football, politics and TV soap operas. [PAR] The cocktail culture around cacha\u00e7a is not as developed as with some other spirits like rum or tequila. Although there are bartenders using cacha\u00e7a in all kinds of cocktails it seems the innovation stopped at caipirinha, the simple drink made of lime, sugar, cacha\u00e7a and ice, a drink that on a good day can be as good as the best of them. [PAR] How to make caipirinha: lime and sugar [PAR] Making a good caipirinha isn\u2019t rocket science yet somehow it\u2019s hard to find a good caipirinha outside of Brazil. The first step is the lime. The use of ripe and juicy limes is the cornerstone of this drink. Use too little and what you have is just a cacha\u00e7a on the rocks with a twist. I\u2019d say at least one whole lime per drink but some use even more. [PAR] Then there\u2019s the sugar. I have never seen a Brazilian putting brown sugar in a caipirinha so I suggest we all stop doing that. In fact many Brazilian bartenders use fine sugar to better mix it with the lime juice to balance the acidity, and you know what, it works. No crunchy sugar in my caipirinha, thank you. [PAR] The locals seem to be very relaxed with the use of sugar and usually a tablespoon or two does the trick depending on the amount of lime and its ripeness. At this point you mash the sliced lime and sugar together using a muddler. Next you fill the mixing glass with ice and pour over the cacha\u00e7a. [PAR] a good caipirinha? don't be shy with cachaca [PAR] There is a certain hand gesture in Brazil where they slap their hands together repeatedly meaning something like \u201cI don\u2019t care\u201d, \u201cwhatever\u201d or \u201cdo what you like\u201d. Apply this hand gesture here. The exact amount of cacha\u00e7a is hard to say because nobody uses a measure in Brazil. But I would say don\u2019t be shy with the cacha\u00e7a. I rarely saw a caipirinha with less than 8cl of cacha\u00e7a. [PAR] Outside of Brazil some tweak the drink by adding mint. In a country where you can get away with pretty much anything with just a quick"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fynbos Biome - Plantzafrica Fynbos Biome [PAR] Fynbos Biome [PAR] [Renosterveld] [Fynbos] [PAR] The Fynbos Biome is considered by many to be synonymous with the Cape Floristic Region or Cape Floral Kingdom. However, the \"biome\" refers only to the two key vegetation groups (Fynbos and Renosterveld) within the region, whereas both the \"region\" and the \"kingdom\" refer to the general geographical area and include other vegetation types in the Forest, Nama Karoo, Succulent Karoo and Thicket Biomes, but exclude peripheral outliers of the Fynbos Biome such as the Kamiesberg, North-western and Escarpment Mountain Renosterveld (59,60) and Grassy Fynbos (65) east of Port Elizabeth. However, the contribution of Fynbos vegetation to the species richness, endemicity and fame of the region is so overwhelming, that the Cape Floristic Region and Cape Floral Kingdom can be considered to be \"essentially Fynbos.\" [PAR] The Cape Floral Kingdom is the smallest of the six Floral Kingdoms in the world, and is the only one contained in its entirety within a single country. It is characterized by its high richness in plant species (8 700 species) and its high endemicity (68% of plant species are confined to the Cape Floral Kingdom). The Cape Floral Kingdom thus compares with some of the richest floras worldwide, surpassing many tropical forest regions in its floral diversity. [PAR] In South Africa, over one third of all plant species occur in the Cape Floral Kingdom, even though the Kingdom occupies less than 6% of the area of the country. This is not primarily due to the large number of vegetation types in the Cape Floral Kingdom. Over 7 000 of the plant species occur in only five Fynbos vegetation types, with perhaps an additional 1 000 species in the three Renosterveld vegetation types. The contribution of Succulent and Nama Karoo, Thicket and Forest vegetation types in the region to the plant species diversity is thus relatively small. Thus, although the Cape Floral Kingdom contains five biomes, only the Fynbos Biome, comprising the Fynbos and Renosterveld vegetation groups, contains most of the floral diversity. Furthermore, the Cape Floral Kingdom traditionally does not include the Fynbos and Renosterveld vegetation outliers to the north and east. Including these would mean that endemicity would approach 80%, the highest level of endemicity on any subcontinent. [PAR] Distressingly, some three-quarters of all plants in the South African Red Data Book occur in the Cape Floral Kingdom: 1 700 plant species are threatened to some extent with extinction! This is much more than one would expect based on either the area of the Kingdom (6%) or its plant numbers (36%). This again reflects the unique nature of Fynbos vegetation: many Fynbos species are extremely localized in their distribution, with sets of such localized species organized into \"centres of endemism.\" The city of Cape Town sits squarely on two such centres of endemism and several hundred species are threatened by urban expansion. However, a more serious threat is alien plants, which infest large tracts of otherwise undisturbed mountains and flats: their impact on these extremely localized species is severe. Aliens are thus the major threat to Fynbos vegetation and its plant diversity, especially in the mountains. On the lowlands and on the less steep slopes the major threat is agriculture - new technologies, fertilisers and crops are steadily eating into our floral reserves. Another important threat is the misuse of fire. Fynbos must burn, but fires in the wrong season (such as in spring, instead of late summer) or too frequently (so that plants do not have time to set seed) eliminate species. Several factors influence fire"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Secret life of Terry Waite, archbishop\u2019s envoy: from the ... Secret life of Terry Waite, archbishop\u2019s envoy: from the archive, 28 January 1987 | World news | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] In a sense, Terry Waite was no stranger to disappearance long before he went this time to the Lebanon . He had already disappeared in his own press cuttings. [PAR] The cuttings libraries of Fleet Street bulge with clippings on the achievements of the Archbishop of Canterbury\u2019s special envoy in freeing hostages during the past seven years. But the man himself, despite his 6ft 8in figure, black beard and blazingly direct eyes, remains incongruously elusive. [PAR] Waite has consistently shown a reluctance to talk unless it is to the purpose \u2014 the purpose being to save the lives of victims, not to inflate himself. [PAR] How many of the millions who have regularly seen his face on the small screen know where he was born (Cheshire); who his father was (a police sergeant from a family in trade); where he was educated (Wilmslow county secondary school and the Church Army College); where he lives (Blackheath); whether he is married (her name is Frances); whether he had children (three daughters, one son); what his temperament is (restless, with a loathing for sitting long at a desk); what his clubs are (Travellers, though that might be guessed); and what he believes in apart from Christianity (Jung). [PAR] Waite constantly quotes the psychiatrist who, of the great three (Freud, Adler, Jung), is most compatible with the religious approach to life, preaching that the individual exists in a collective unconscious that is beyond time and individuality. He listens to Mozart, the most self-effacing and least earthbound of the great composers. [PAR] It is not the profile of a man who will suddenly lose his sense of identity even if he is in captivity: friends and colleagues insist that he has enormous reserves of both faith and humour to draw upon. [PAR] His humour, Canon Michael Moore, chaplain at Hampton Court, said yesterday, was the vital ingredient that enabled Waite to reach all sides. \u201cUnless you have that contact in humour with the other person, you don\u2019t make that progress. He has a very light touch. He is able to collapse in joyful laughter that will draw the whole room into guffaws. But he is sensitive to national sensibilities \u2014 he has never put a foot wrong that I know of.\u201d [PAR] A colleague at Lambeth Palace said Waite was in every sense larger than life. \u201cHe strikes me as hardly of this century. He makes me think of one of those great Victorian explorers who went striding across Africa. In a curious way, that\u2019s one of the reasons for his success: he does things that other people would think impossible.\u201d [PAR] The limbo may have given the envoy time to think about how much longer he can be effective. He has already said he is considering his future. It is unlikely that personal danger will weigh much in his lone but not lonely thoughts. [PAR] Terry Waite was taken hostage in Beirut on 20 January 1987; he spent almost five years in captivity until his release in November 1991 .[DOC] [TLE] What Happened in 1987 inc. Pop Culture, Prices and Events What Happened in 1987 inc. Pop Culture, Prices and Events [PAR] 1987 Calendar [PAR] 1987 After many years of research a new drug AZT is used for the treatment of AIDS. After a long period of growth the US stockmarket drops 22.6% in one day"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Dryden - Poetry Foundation John Dryden | Poetry Foundation [PAR] Poetry Foundation [PAR] Poet Details [PAR] 1631\u20131700 [PAR] After John Donne and John Milton , John Dryden was the greatest English poet of the seventeenth century. After William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson , he was the greatest playwright. And he has no peer as a writer of prose, especially literary criticism, and as a translator. Other figures, such as George Herbert or Andrew Marvell or William Wycherley or William Congreve, may figure more prominently in anthologies and literary histories, but Dryden's sustained output in both poetry and drama ranks him higher. After Shakespeare, he wrote the greatest heroic play of the century, The Conquest of Granada (1670, 1671), and the greatest tragicomedy, Marriage A-la-Mode (1671). He wrote the greatest tragedy of the Restoration, All for Love (1677), the greatest comitragedy, Don Sebastian (1689), and one of the greatest comedies, Amphitryon (1690). As a writer of prose he developed a lucid professional style, relying essentially on patterns and rhythms of everyday speech. As a critic he developed a combination of methods\u2014historical, analytical, evaluative, dialogic\u2014that proved enabling to neoclassical theory. As a translator he developed an easy manner of what he called paraphrase that produced brilliant versions of Homer, Lucretius, Horace, Ovid, Juvenal, Persius, Giovanni Boccaccio, Geoffrey Chaucer , and above all Virgil. His translation of The Aeneid remains the best ever produced in English. As a poet he perfected the heroic couplet, sprinkling it with judicious enjambments, triplets, and metric variations and bequeathing it to Alexander Pope to work upon it his own magic. [PAR] Dryden the poet is best known today as a satirist, although he wrote only two great original satires, Mac Flecknoe (1682) and The Medall (1682). His most famous poem, Absalom and Achitophel (1681), while it contains several brilliant satiric portraits, unlike satire comes to a final resolution, albeit tragic for both David and his son. Dryden's other great poems\u2014 Annus Mirabilis (1667), Religio Laici (1682), The Hind and the Panther (1687), Anne Killigrew (1686), Alexander's Feast (1697), and \"To My Honour'd Kinsman\" (1700)\u2014are not satires either. And he contributed a wonderful body of occasional poems: panegyrics, odes, elegies, prologues, and epilogues. [PAR] Dryden was born 9 August 1631 into an extended family of rising Puritan gentry in Northamptonshire. But as a teenager he was sent to the King's School at Westminster to be trained as a King's Scholar by the brilliant Royalist headmaster Richard Busby. Dryden's family sided with the Commonwealth; however, in his first published poem, the elegy \"Upon the Death of the Lord Hastings\"\u2014included in a commendatory volume (1649) of verses upon this young aristocrat's untimely death from smallpox\u2014Dryden revealed Royalist sympathies in oblique references to rebellion and regicide. In a bold opening for a young (Puritan) poet\u2014and such bold openings were to become characteristic\u2014Dryden hurls a series of theodicean questions about why the good die young. In the middle of the poem he proffers the only answer the poem yields: \"The Nations sin.\" He seems indirectly to identify this sin when subsequently describing the pustules of Hastings's smallpox: \"Who, Rebel-like, with their own Lord at strife, / Thus made an Insurrection 'gainst his Life.\" What would perhaps have been worse to Dryden's family is his patent refusal to add religious consolation at the end of the elegy. Instead, he suffocates his continuing theodicean challenge\u2014could Heaven choose \"no milder way\" than the smallpox to recall Hastings?\u2014by the tears of grief instead of the prayers of faith and outrageously suggests that Hastings's disappointed fianc\u00e9e mate with his soul and engender ideal representations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sodium \u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Sodium\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] CAS Registry ID : 7440-23-5 [PAR] The picture above shows the colour arising from adding common salt (NaCl) to a burning mixture of potassium chlorate and sucrose. [PAR] The chemistry of sodium is dominated by electron loss to form Na+. Cartoon by Nick D Kim ( [Science and Ink] , used by permission). [PAR] Sodium: historical information [PAR] Sodium was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807 at England. Origin of name : from the English word \"soda\" (the origin of the symbol Na comes from the Latin word \"natrium\"). [PAR] Until the 18th century no distinction was made between potassium and sodium. This was because early chemists did not recognise that \"vegetable alkali\" (K2CO3, potassium carbonate, coming from deposits in the earth) and \"mineral alkali\" (Na2CO3, sodium carbonate, derived from wood ashes) are distinct from each other. Eventually a distinction was made. [PAR] Sodium was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who made it by the electrolysis of very dry molten sodium hydroxide, NaOH. Sodium collected at the cathode. Davy isolated potassium by a similar procedure, also in 1807. Shortly after, Thenard and Gay-Lussac isolated sodium by reducing sodium hydroxide with iron metal at high temperatures. [PAR] Sodium is one of the elements which has an alchemical symbol, shown below (alchemy is an ancient pursuit concerned with, for instance, the transformation of other metals into gold). [PAR] alt=\"alchemical symbol of sodium\"> [PAR] Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for sodium is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] [PAR] Sodium around us [PAR] Read more \u00bb [PAR] Sodium is a vital element. The human diet must contain a sensible amount of sodium. The sodium cation is the main extracellular (outside cells) cation in animals and is important for nerve function in animals. [PAR] The importance of sodium as salt in the diet was recognized well before sodium itself was understood to be an element. This recognition formed the basis of trading of salt deposits lining the Dead Sea in biblical times by the Romans. Prolonged sweating results in sodium ion loss in sweat and it is most important that the sodium ion is replaced through proper diet. [PAR] Sodium is never found as the free element (\"native\") in nature as it is so reactive. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the earth's crust at about 2.6 - 3.0%. The most common mineral is rock salt (sodium chloride, NaCl, or halite), but it occurs in many other minerals including sodium borate (borax), sodium carbonate (soda), sodium nitrate (Chile saltpetre). and sodium sulphate (thenardite). In those species, however, it is the anions that are the reason"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leona Lewis - Better In Time - 2008 - Music Videos,Lyrics Leona Lewis - Better In Time - 2008 - Music Videos,Lyrics [PAR] Leona Lewis - Better In Time - 2008 Lyrics [PAR] Help preserve America's Music Tradition and suggest your lyrics here. [PAR] Leona Lewis - Better In Time - 2008 [PAR] Playlist: [PAR] Pause [PAR] Some trivia about Leona Lewis - Better In Time - 2008 [PAR] Leona Louise Lewis (born 3 April 1985) is a British singer-songwriter. Lewis was a contestant in third series of the British television series The X Factor, which she won. [PAR] Lewis's third single, a double A-side featuring \"Better in Time\" and \"Footprints in the Sand\", was released in the United Kingdom in March 2008, in aid of Sport Relief, and she visited South Africa for the charity. The single reached a peak of number two in the UK singles chart selling over 40,000 copies in its first week of physical release. \"Better in Time\" was released as Lewis's second single in the US, where it peaked at number 11 in the Billboard Hot 100. [1] [PAR] Play time: 3:54 [PAR] FACEBOOK - CLICK HERE to see our top picks of the day on our music group on Facebook! To post this song into Facebook...just copy the URL and past it into the Facebook comment field [PAR] More Leona Lewis Free Music Videos and songs [PAR] To Listen and watch Artist Leona Lewis album music videos... Just click on the song title links that you see below, to play. [PAR] Your Free Music Videos Playlist [PAR] By default, we play all of our songs randomly selected from our playlist; however, you can choose the songs you want played by selecting all or some songs below and adding them to your playlist. You can also browse all songs and update your playlist at View/Edit Your Playlist . [PAR] Step 1: Select your Free Music Videos. Step 2: click on 'Add Selections' button to update your list. Step 3: When you're logged in and ready, just click on 'Play Your Playlist' button. [PAR] To stop playing from your playlist and to play all of our songs, just click on 'Play All Songs' button [PAR] Status [PAR] When completed, click on either Play Your Playlist or Play All Music Videos [PAR] Leona Lewis Song Tracks [PAR] Leona Lewis - Run - 2008 [4:46] - Lewiss debut single A Moment Like This became the fastest [PAR] Leona Lewis - Spirit - 2008 [8:25] - Her debut album Spirit, was released in the UK and Ireland, [PAR] Leona Lewis - Take A Bow - 2008 [3:51] - Lewis is a multi-platinum selling artist and three time [PAR] FAQ: Salestron Eclectic Video Jukebox Playlist [PAR] Hit F11 key to full screen this site. Our Oldies Music \u266b Nostalgia Cloud is designed to allow you to sit back, listen, and watch free and legal music videos as we automatically shuffle, select and play old favorites such as \"Leona Lewis - Better In Time - 2008\" from our eclectic streaming video radio station jukebox playlist! Listen to the best songs from 1910s to the present! Over one hundred years of music! [PAR] The MP3 music videos, lyrics, artist and album trivia are presented to you so that you do not need to click on anything. Automatically, at the end of the song music video, we select the next shuffled song and continously repeat the process. [PAR] We all have our favorite songs that we want to play. That's why you can create your own playlist! Free, no less!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Find a Store From a UPC Code | eHow How to Find a Store From a UPC Code [PAR] How to Find a Store From a UPC Code [PAR] How to Find a Store From a UPC Code [PAR] March 31, 2015 [PAR] By: Harjinder Singh [PAR] The Universal Product Code--or UPC as it more commonly known--refers to a specific category of barcodes. UPC codes are used in the retail Industry for product identification and inventory management. If you know the UPC number for a product you can use it to conduct online research to determine which stores offer that product. There are several benefits to this. First, you can search for a specific product online and compare prices with multiple retailers and online vendors. Secondly, you can determine the location of the stores offering the product. [PAR] Barcodes can give you insight regarding where the product is available. [PAR] Step [PAR] Enter the UPC number into any search engine of your choice to begin the search. If available, use the shopping option to tailor your search. The results will provide a complete list of retailers and online vendors that currently carry the product you are looking for. [PAR] Step [PAR] Use a specialized UPC search portal if the first step doesn't yield any results. You may want to consider using websites such as upcdatabase.com or checkupc.com. Additional resources are provided with this article. [PAR] Step [PAR] Contact an individual store and inquire about the product based on the UPC number. This step may require the most amount of work, considering that you may have to call individual stores to determine if the product is available. As a last resort, it can be a useful way of finding specialty or limited edition items. [PAR] Step [PAR] Once you know which store has the product you're looking for, the next step is to determine where exactly the store is located. The most convenient way to do this would be to conduct a search on a mapping website.[DOC] [TLE] Barcode Information - UPC Database Barcode Information - UPC Database [PAR] Sponsors [PAR] Barcode Information [PAR] Barcodes are typically found on the back of most packaging containers, books, and even airline tickets and coupons. [PAR] The two most common barcode formats are the EAN, or International Article Numbering, and UPC, or Universal Product Code. [PAR] The Uniform Code Council headquartered in New Jersey, USA, manages the format and allocation of all UPC barcodes while the International Article Numbering Association headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, manages the EAN barcodes. EAN used to stand for European Article Numbering, but because the code is now used worldwide, the name was changed to the International Article Numbering Association [PAR] Contents [PAR] 1 History 2 UPC Information 3 EAN Information 4 The Differences 5 EAN Country Codes 6 Types of Barcodes [PAR] History [PAR] Wallace Flint proposed an automated checkout system in 1932 using punched cards. Bernard Silver and Norman Joseph Woodland developed a bull's-eye style code and patented it (US patent 2612994, Norman J. Woodland and Bernard Silver, \"Classifying Apparatus and Method\", issued October 7, 1952). In the 1960s, railroads experimented with a multicolor barcode for tracking railcars, but they eventually abandoned it. [PAR] A group of grocery industry trade associations formed the Uniform Grocery Product Code Council which with consultants Larry Russell and Tom Wilson of McKinsey & Company, defined the numerical format of the Uniform Product Code. Technology firms including Charegon, IBM, Litton-Zellweger, Pitney Bowes-Alpex, Plessey-Anker, RCA, Scanner Inc., Singer, and Dymo Industries/Data General proposed alternative symbol representations to the council. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NESJAVELLIR GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT - nat.is Ferries-Car rentals [PAR] [PAR] Exploration and Planning started already in 1947 and was continued for two years in this 50 km\ufffd High Temperature Area, one of at least 27 such resources, which are directly connected with the most volcanic regions of the country. A few experimental boreholes were drilled for the evaluation of the exploitable power and the chemical composition of the steam. [PAR] After a rather long intermission exploration and research continued with shorter intervals from 1965 to 1986. The construction of the Geothermal Power station was commenced in 1987 and continued incessantly until the cornerstone was laid on May the 13th 1990. It was officially started on September 29th the same year. [PAR] The Hengill Area is amongst the largest High Temperature Areas of the country. The geothermal activity is closely connected to three active volcanic systems in the region. The source of the natural- and artificial (boreholes) thermal activity in and in the vicinity of the horticultural village Hveragerdi to the south of the mountain range is an extinct central volcano, called 'The Grenjadalur System'. North of it is still another one, called 'The Hromundartindur System', which was last active about 10.000 years ago. The westernmost of the three systems, The Hengill System, has erupted several times during Holocene and every now and then we are reminded of the natural forces at large by tremors and earthquakes. [PAR] The Nesjahraun Lava field was created during a fissure eruption of the Kyrdalur Fissure near the Power station 2000 years ago and at the same time the largest island of the lake came into being. [PAR] Results of extended research have shown that the precipitation in the mountains north of the geothermal areas percolates deep down into the earth and then flows through subterranean faults and fissures to lower regions. On its way the water is heated by the hot rock and resurfaces as boiling water or steam through fissures extending to the surface or can be reached by boreholes where there is no obvious thermal activity on the surface. According to the scientists, the hot water travels at a depth of only 3 km on the average, but in places it comes as close as 1 km to the surface. [PAR] Because of extended recent volcanic activity in the area, the rock strata are relatively young. The uppermost 500 m consist of hyaloclastites but beyond that are differently thick layers of basaltic lavas. Dykes become more frequent at greater depths and at 1400 - 1600 m they are prevailing. Water veins are common at the margins of the dykes, especially if they are acidulous. [PAR] The geothermal gradient of the 'Kyrdalssprunga Volcanic Fissure' is the greatest in the area. At sea level the temperature is 100\ufffdC and at 2000 m it exceeds 350\ufffdC. [PAR] Since 1972 the boreholes drilled have been fitted for future exploitation. The results have been extremely good. The average hole yields up to 60 mw. of exploitable power on the average, sufficient for the central heating of a habitation of 7500 people. [PAR] All together 23 holes have been sunk, thereof 13 exploitable. Four of them were connected at the first stage. Their total output equals 140 mw. At the end of the second stage additional 100 mw. will be exploited, of which 50 were pipelined to the power station in 1991. The remaining 50 MW will be activated this year (1994) bringing the total output of the station up to at least 200 mw. The power station is designed for a maximum output of 400"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Argentina Native Animals | Globerove Argentina Native Animals | Globerove [PAR] Globerove > Argentina > Argentina Native Animals [PAR] Argentina Native Animals [PAR] By Globerover on March 29, 2010 in Argentina [PAR] Interested in the native animals of Argentina? Read our guide for facts & information about some unusual animal species found in Argentina\u2026 [PAR] The wildlife in Argentina varies by climatic regions with different animals living in the subtropic northern jungles and the subarctic southern areas. Some of the animals are endangered due to loss of habitat or hunting while others flourish. Not all the animals living in the wild in Argentina are native to the country. Wild boars are descendant from pigs imported by Europeans. Trout and some species of deer were also imported from other parts of the world. [PAR] The Northern Jungles [PAR] The subtropical climate in the north of Argentina makes it a wildlife paradise. The capybara, the largest rodent in the world makes its home in the wetlands of the north with crocodiles and a species of caiman indigenous to Argentina. Other mammalians include the bush dog, the raccoon, the tapir, small primates and the peccary. A variety of tortoise and turtle species thrive in this warm, wet region adjacent to the Amazon River. [PAR] Colorful birds are plentiful and can be seen flying through the jungles. There are flamingos, toucan and many species of hummingbird. Within the country there are over 1000 different species of birds, with seven non-native species, 70 rare species and 45 endangered species. Parrots and Macaws abound in the northern jungles and many more mundane species like swallows, pigeons, doves owls and swifts also share the skies. [PAR] The jaguar is a native of the northern jungles and is an endangered species in the wild. Ocelots are also found in the area and pumas are more common in the western mountains of the country. Snakes and lizards are also abundant and visitors are advised to use caution since while the majority of species are harmless, some including South American rattlesnake species, are venomous. [PAR] Western Plains and Southern Argentina [PAR] Giant armadillos inhabit the pampas, although they are in danger of extinction. Llamas, guanacos and vicuna can be found in the Andes Mountains, although vicuna, a llama like animal, is also on the endangered list. In the sub arctic south, whales are struggling for survival and penguin populations are dwindling. The rhea, a large flightless bird, is also found in the central and southern areas of the country. [PAR] Of the 2500 species of wildlife native to Argentina, about 500 are considered endangered or at risk. The endangered animals include 60 species of fish, several types of deer, and many types of reptiles and birds. The Amazon caiman, once abundant in both Argentina and Brazil, has been hunted almost to extinction for its skin. [PAR] The government of Argentina has taken steps to protect as many of these at risk and endangered species as possible and has created sanctuaries and parks where the animals are protected from hunters and habitat loss.[DOC] [TLE] Lake Monsters: Nahuelito Lake Monsters: Nahuelito [PAR] NESSIE and Other Lake Monsters [PAR] by Mark Chorvinsky [PAR] NAHUELITO, PATAGONIAN LAKE MONSTER [PAR] Many tourists around the popular Argentinian resort of Bariloche have sighted a lake monster that has been dubbed \"Nahuelito.\" In the manner of Nessie, Nahuelito is named after the body of water that is her domain, Nahuel Huapi Lake, which covers 318 sq. miles at the foot of the Patagonian mountains. [PAR] Nahuelito has occasionally been visible for several minutes on the surface"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] France to host 2007 World Cup - BBC News BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Internationals | France to host 2007 World Cup [PAR] France to host 2007 World Cup [PAR] RUGBY WORLD CUP 2007 [PAR] French bid explained [PAR] France have beaten England for the right to stage the 2007 Rugby World Cup, the International Rugby Board (IRB) has announced. [PAR] France won all but three of the possible 21 IRB votes at a meeting in Dublin on Thursday. [PAR] England's attempt to introduce a Nations Cup for emerging countries did not find favour, with the IRB Council opting to preserve the existing format. [PAR] But under the French bid, Wales, Scotland and Ireland will be allocated a pool each during the tournament. [PAR] Referring to England's proposal for a reduced 16-team format IRB chairman, Syd Millar, said: \"The council was overwhelmingly of the view that the structure should remain as it is.\" [PAR] The tournament will take place between 7 September and 20 October, 2007. [PAR] France have opted for a traditional format with 20 teams divided into four pools. [PAR] KEY FACTS [PAR] 48 matches between 7 Sept-20 Oct [PAR] Wales, Scotland and Ireland three first-round matches each, with a quarter-final in the Millennium Stadium [PAR] French stadia: Marseille, Montpellier, Toulouse, Lens, St Etienne, Lyon, the Stade de France and Parc des Princes [PAR] The top two from each pool will qualify for the quarter-finals. [PAR] In contrast, the Rugby Football Union (RFU) proposed that 16 teams would contest the tournament, while another 20 would compete in a new Nations Cup competition [PAR] A Super Eight pool stage, similar to the Super Sixes at this year's Cricket World Cup, would have replaced knockout quarter-finals in an effort to give more exposure to the top sides. [PAR] Both countries made individual bids after general agreement that the tournaments in 1991 (hosted by England) and 1999 (Wales) were too unwieldy because games were staged throughout Britain, Ireland and France. [PAR] England and France subsequently made compromises in an effort to woo votes from the 21 council members. [PAR] It's staggering slap in the face for the RFU [PAR] BBC rugby union correspondent Ian Robertson [PAR] England's claim that their bid would generate \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd100m for the game was dismissed by the FFR who said that a likely 40% rise on the 1999 competition's ticket price was exaggerated. [PAR] The FFR said their own project would bring in around \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd50m. [PAR] This year's World Cup in Australia runs from 10 October to 22 November.[DOC] [TLE] 2007 France Rugby World Cup - Topend Sports 2007 France Rugby World Cup [PAR] Home > Events > Rugby > World Cup > Host Countries > France [PAR] 2007 Rugby World Cup [PAR] The 2007 Rugby World Cup was held in France in September and October in 2007. All matches were held in France except for three pool matches hosted in Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and a quarter final was also played in Wales. [PAR] The tournament was held over 44 days. The kickoff was on September 7, with a game between France and Agentina. The final is be be played in 'Stade de France' on October 20, 2007. [PAR] The World Cup matches played in France will be in the following cities: [PAR] Paris"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) - The Criterion Collection Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) - The Criterion Collection [PAR] The Criterion Collection [PAR] Close [PAR] What are dual-format editions? [PAR] Dual-format editions include both Blu-ray and DVD versions of a film in a single package. All supplements are available across both formats. [PAR] [PAR] Spine #700 [PAR] Fantastic Mr. Fox is the story of a clever, quick, nimble, and exceptionally well-dressed wild animal. A compulsive chicken thief turned newspaper reporter, Mr. Fox settles down with his family in a new foxhole in a beautiful tree\u2014directly adjacent to three enormous poultry farms owned by three ferociously vicious farmers: Boggis, Bunce, and Bean. Mr. Fox simply cannot resist. Wes Anderson\u2019s adaptation of Roald Dahl\u2019s classic children\u2019s novel is a meticulous work of stop-motion animation featuring vibrant performances by George Clooney, Meryl Streep, Jason Schwartzman, Willem Dafoe, Michael Gambon, and Bill Murray. [PAR] Cast [PAR] Disc Features [PAR] DIRECTOR-APPROVED EDITION: [PAR] Digital master, approved by director Wes Anderson, with 5.1 surround DTS-HD Master Audio soundtrack on the Blu-ray [PAR] Audio commentary featuring Anderson [PAR] Storyboard animatic for the entire film [PAR] Footage of the actors voicing their characters, puppet construction, stop-motion setups, and the recording of the score [PAR] Interviews with cast and crew [PAR] Puppet animation tests [PAR] Photo gallery of puppets, props, and sets [PAR] Animated awards acceptance speeches [PAR] Audio recording of author Roald Dahl reading the book on which the film is based [PAR] Fantastic Mr. Dahl, an hour-long 2005 documentary about the author [PAR] Gallery of Dahl\u2019s original manuscripts [PAR] Discussion and analysis of the film [PAR] Stop-motion Sony robot commercial by Anderson [PAR] PLUS: A booklet featuring a new essay by critic Erica Wagner; a 2002 article on Dahl\u2019s Gipsy House by Anderson; White Cape, a comic book used as a prop in the film; and drawings, original paintings, and other ephemera [PAR] New cover by Turlo Griffin, with F. Ron Miller [PAR] Current Posts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rio 2016 Olympics - Follow the Summer Olympic Games Rio 2016 Olympics - Schedule, Medals, Results & News [PAR] More info [PAR] The Rio 2016 emblem is inspired by the organisers\u2019 vision, which is: \u201cAll Brazilians uniting to deliver the greatest festival on earth and proudly advancing our national promise of progress.\u201d It has, as its essence, the concepts of passion and transformation, which both reflect modern-day Brazil. This positioning is supported by four pillars \u2013 harmonious diversity, contagious energy, exuberant nature, and the Olympic spirit. These have all been masterfully combined to give Rio 2016 its colourful identity. This emblem is not only a symbol of Rio\u2019s and Brazil\u2019s hopes for these Games but also for the future of the city and country. [PAR] IOC [PAR] On the obverse, Nike, goddess of victory, flies into the Panathinaikos stadium bringing triumph to the best athlete. For these Games, her figure is accompanied by the specific inscription: \u201cXXXI Olympiada Rio 2016\u201d. [PAR] The reverse features laurel leaves \u2013 a symbol of victory in the ancient Greece, in the form of the wreaths awarded to competition winners. They are surrounding the Rio 2016 Olympics logo. [PAR] Bearing a design that celebrates the relationship between the strengths of Olympic heroes and the forces of nature, the 500g gold, silver and bronze medals have been made with sustainability at their heart. The silver and bronze medals have been produced using 30 per cent recycled materials while the ribbons are made from 50 per cent recycled PET. Meanwhile, the gold medals are completely free of mercury. [PAR] The gold medals are purer than ever, meeting sustainability criteria from extraction to refining, as well as meeting strict environmental and labour laws. They make use of recycled raw silver at 92.5 per cent purity, coming from leftover mirrors, waste solders and X-ray plates. And 40 per cent of the copper used in the bronze medals came from waste at the Mint itself. The substance was melted and decontaminated to provide material for the medals. [PAR] Number of medals: 812 gold, 812 silver and 864 bronze. [PAR] Weight: 500g [PAR] Mint: Brazilian Mint [PAR] The city of Rio de Janeiro hosted the Games of the XXXI Olympiad. This followed three rounds of voting by members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 2 October 2009 at the 121st IOC Session, in Copenhagen, Denmark. [PAR] Rio 2016 Alex Ferro [PAR] Seven cities were initially proposed by their National Olympic Committees to host the 2016 Games: Chicago (USA), Prague (CZE), Tokyo (JPN), Rio de Janeiro (BRA), Baku (AZE), Doha (QAT) and Madrid (ESP). On 4 June 2008, the IOC Executive Board selected four cities to enter the Candidate City phase of the bid process. Listed in the official order of drawing of lots, these cities were: [PAR] Chicago (USA) [PAR] Rio de Janeiro (BRA) [PAR] Madrid (ESP) [PAR] During the vote on 2 October 2009, Rio de Janeiro eventually triumphed by taking 66 votes compared to Madrid's 32. This gave Rio the majority that it needed to be elected as the host city for the 2016 Games. Rio had to overcome stiff competition, however, in the form of Chicago, Tokyo and Madrid in order to get the Games. [PAR] 21st IOC Session, 2 October 2009, Copenhagen: Election of the Host City of the XXXI Games of the Olympiad [PAR] Rounds[DOC] [TLE] 2016 Summer Olympics: Pictures, Videos, Breaking News 2016 Summer Olympics: Pictures, Videos, Breaking News [PAR] Brazil Back To Its Crisis: Rousseff's Impeachment Trial To Follow Successful Rio Olympics [PAR] In the end, most Brazilians saw the Rio"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Scotland's History - Edward I King of England BBC - Scotland's History - Edward I, King of England. [PAR] Scotland's History Articles Edward I, King of England. Born 1239, died 1307. Reign 1272 \u2013 1307 [PAR] Edward I, King of England. Born 1239, died 1307. Reign 1272 \u2013 1307 [PAR] One of the most effective English kings, Edward was also one of Scotland's greatest adversaries. Through his campaigns against Scotland he would come to be known after his death as 'Scottorum malleus' \u2013 the Hammer of the Scots. [PAR] Intelligent and impatient, Edward proved to be a highly effective king. The reign of his father, Henry III, was marked by internal instability and military failure. Upon succeeding to the throne on 1272 Edward did much to rectify these issues. He managed to control and placate the unruly English barons and unite them behind him. [PAR] A learned scholar, Edward also took great personal interest in matters of administration and government and introduced reforms and ideas learnt whilst staying abroad in the family-held territory of Gascony. He also made great use of his Parliament \u2013 a strategy that helped maintain stability in the country and, more importantly for Edward, brought in regular sums of money to enable Edward to pursue his ambitions. Edward also devised far uglier means of raising money. [PAR] In 1275 Edward issues the Statute of Jewry that persecuted the Jewish population of England and imposed severe taxation on them. Proving both lucrative and popular, Edward extended this policy further. In 1290 the Jews were expelled from England \u2013 minus their money and property. The money raised from this dark practise was used to fund his his ambition to be overlord of the Scotland and Wales. [PAR] As a younger man Edward forged an impressive reputation as a man of action. Domestically and abroad Edward proved himself as a soldier and a leader of men. In 1266 Edward received international accolade for his role in the 8th and 9th Crusades to the Holy Land where he helped secure the survival of the beleagured coastal city of Acre. [PAR] It was while returning from the Crusade that Edward learned that his father, Henry III, had died and that he was now the King of England. Ambitious and impulsive, Edward wasted no time in enforcing his will on his neighbours. [PAR] As an ominous precursor for his plans for Scotland, Edward attacked Wales. [PAR] Edward attacks Wales [PAR] During the 1250s Edward's father, Henry III, had mounted military campaigns in an attempt to control and dominate Wales. After a series of disastrous defeats Henry was forced to negotiate a peace that saw the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffydd extend his territories into England. Henry also had to recognise the royal status of Llewelyn as Prince of Wales. Llywelyn in turn was to acknowledge Henry as his overlord. [PAR] Edward had experienced these failed campaigns first hand as part of his father's retinue and was determined not to repeat the same mistakes. Using the pretence of Llywelyn's refusal to pay homage to him in 1274 Edward raised a sizeable army and invaded Wales. Llywelyn was defeated and stripped of his territories. [PAR] In another uncanny foreshadowing of events to come in Scotland Edward's complete conquest of his neighbour was to be thrown into doubt by a courageous campaign for liberation. [PAR] In 1282 Llywelyn's brother Dafydd sparked a rebellion to rid Wales of English dominance. With Edward caught off-guard the rising had initial success. The death of Llywelyn in battle turned the tide for Edward however. Soon after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscine - definition of oscine by The Free Dictionary Oscine - definition of oscine by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Oscine - definition of oscine by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/oscine [PAR] Related to oscine: oscine bird [PAR] os\u00b7cine [PAR] n. [PAR] Any of various passerine birds of the suborder Passeri (formerly Oscines); a songbird. [PAR] [From New Latin Oscin\u0113s, former suborder name, from Latin oscin\u0113s, pl. of oscen, bird used in augury; see kan- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] os\u00b7cine adj. [PAR] oscinine [PAR] adj [PAR] (Zoology) of, relating to, or belonging to the Oscines, a suborder of passerine birds that includes most of the songbirds [PAR] [C17: via New Latin from Latin oscen singing bird] [PAR] os\u2022cine [PAR] (\u02c8\u0252s \u026an, -a\u026an) [PAR] adj. [PAR] 1. of or pertaining to birds of the suborder Oscines, of the order Passeriformes, comprising members of the order that have highly developed vocal organs. [PAR] n. [PAR] 2. an oscine bird; songbird. [PAR] [1880\u201385; < New Latin Oscines < Latin oscen songbird] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Oscines , Passeres , suborder Oscines , suborder Passeres - two names for the suborder of typical songbirds [PAR] songbird , songster - any bird having a musical call [PAR] honey eater , honeysucker - Australasian bird with tongue and bill adapted for extracting nectar [PAR] accentor - small sparrow-like songbird of mountainous regions of Eurasia [PAR] lark - any of numerous predominantly Old World birds noted for their singing [PAR] wagtail - Old World bird having a very long tail that jerks up and down as it walks [PAR] pipit , titlark , lark - a songbird that lives mainly on the ground in open country; has streaky brown plumage [PAR] finch - any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds [PAR] honeycreeper - small bright-colored tropical American songbird with a curved bill for sucking nectar [PAR] weaver finch , weaverbird , weaver - finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests [PAR] flycatcher , Old World flycatcher , true flycatcher - any of a large group of small songbirds that feed on insects taken on the wing [PAR] thrush - songbirds characteristically having brownish upper plumage with a spotted breast [PAR] warbler - a small active songbird [PAR] babbler , cackler - any of various insectivorous Old World birds with a loud incessant song; in some classifications considered members of the family Muscicapidae [PAR] bird of paradise - any of numerous brilliantly colored plumed birds of the New Guinea area [PAR] American oriole , New World oriole , oriole - American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow [PAR] Old World oriole , oriole - mostly tropical songbird; the male is usually bright orange and black [PAR] starling - gregarious birds native to the Old World [PAR] corvine bird - birds of the crow family [PAR] Australian magpie - black-and-white oscine birds that resemble magpies [PAR] Mimus polyglotktos , mockingbird , mocker - long-tailed grey-and-white songbird of the southern United States able to mimic songs of other birds [PAR] Dumetella carolinensis , gray catbird , grey catbird , catbird - North American songbird whose call resembles a cat's mewing [PAR] mocking thrush , thrasher - thrush-like American songbird able to mimic other birdsongs [PAR] New Zealand wren - birds of New Zealand that resemble wrens [PAR] tree creeper , creeper - any of various small insectivorous birds of the northern hemisphere that climb up a tree trunk supporting themselves on stiff tail feathers and their feet [PAR] nuthatch , nutcracker - any"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neville Longbottom - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Neville Longbottom | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Neville and his classmates in Gilderoy Lockhart's first Defence Against the Dark Arts lesson [PAR] Neville's first appearance in 1992 was after the start-of-term feast, where he applauded Harry and Ron for flying a car to Hogwarts. The following morning when Ron received a Howler from his mother, Neville urged him to open it quickly. [19] [PAR] In Gilderoy Lockhart 's first Defence Against the Dark Arts class, a pair of Cornish pixies picked Neville up by the ears and hung him, by his cloak, from a chandelier. Moments later, he crashed back to the ground when the chandelier collapsed. [19] [PAR] After the basilisk attack on Colin Creevey , Neville feared that he might be attacked, due to his poor magical skill, and tried to protect himself by purchasing a large, \"evil-smelling\" green onion, a pointed purple crystal, and a rotting newt tail. However the other students pointed out that Neville should be all right; he was a pure-blood and thus unlikely to be attacked. However, he thought he was very close to being a Squib and was still in danger anyway. [20] [PAR] The first and last meeting of the Duelling Club that Neville attended [PAR] Neville attended the first (and only) meeting of Lockhart's Duelling Club . To practise the Disarming Charm , Neville was paired with Justin Finch-Fletchley . When Lockhart suggested the pair to volunteer spell blocking, Snape shot this down, claiming that Neville had difficulty with the simplest spells, and they would have to send what was left of Justin to the hospital wing in a matchbox. [20] [PAR] Shortly after Valentine's Day, Neville informed Harry that his belongings had been searched by someone . [21] [PAR] Third year [PAR] Severus Snape: \"Possibly no one's warned you, Lupin, but this class contains Neville Longbottom. I would advise you not to entrust him with anything difficult. Not unless Ms Granger is hissing instructions in his ear.\" [PAR] Remus Lupin: \"I was hoping that Neville would assist me with the first stage of the operation, and I am sure he will perform it admirably.\" [PAR] \u2014 Professors Snape and Lupin on Neville and his skills [src] [PAR] Dementors board the Hogwarts Express and enter the compartment that the trio , Neville, Ginny, and Professor Lupin are in [PAR] On the train ride to Hogwarts for his third year, Neville became alarmed when the Hogwarts Express simply stopped. He entered the compartment Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Ron and Ginny Weasley were in to find out what had happened. A Dementor then entered the compartment, negatively affecting all the students within, though to varying degrees. Then new Professor Lupin gave them chocolate telling them it would help them fell better about the shock. After arriving at Hogsmeade Station, Neville told people about the experience in the compartment. [22] This made its way to Draco Malfoy , who taunted Harry about fainting. [23] [PAR] In their first Divination class, Neville accidentally broke two of Professor Trelawney 's tea cups while reading tea leaves. As the class departed, Professor Trelawney warned him that he would be late next class and urged him to work hard to catch up with everyone else. In Care of Magical Creatures class, Neville practised bowing to a hippogriff ; he constantly backed away from the animal, which did not seem to want to bow back. [23] [PAR] The next day in Potions , Neville again managed to earn the ire of Professor Snape"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birthday Horoscope January 10th Capricorn, If your ... Birthday Horoscope January 10th Capricorn, If your Birthday is January 10 [PAR] Birthday Horoscope for January 10th [PAR] If your Birthday is January 10 and your Zodiac Sign is Capricorn [PAR] Birthday Persona Profile [PAR] People born specifically on the 10th of January have an innovative practical approach to life and are very good at solving problems. Like a typical Capricorn Goat you are strong willed, a little too serious natured but reliable and enthusiastic. Astrologically the Sun is the celestial body that rules this particular day and gives you an adventurous edge to your personality. If you have this birthday you are inclined to be a private person but one that is willing to take more risks than any other Capricorns. Individuals with a January the tenth birthday usually possess an entrepreneurial spirit and like to keep busy. You have a cheerful and friendly nature but prefer one or two close friends rather than many. Although you are quite sociable you also appreciate moments alone to gather your thoughts. You can also be extremely uncompromising are sometimes a bit blunt when expressing your views and opinions. [PAR] Work and Finances [PAR] The pursuit of a satisfying career to a person born on the tenth of January is important as they tend to find most jobs boring. You have good leadership skills and can deal well with high degrees of pressure and multi tasking. Your unconventional but effective approach to getting things done is a result of your ability to think and act simultaneously. Finances are usually easy for you to manage although you do have to restrain yourself from overspending occasionally. With a love of luxurious things and the latest trends and gadgets most of you just cannot seem to resist snapping up a bargain. [PAR] Personal Relationships [PAR] Emotionally you are typical of your zodiac sign and are rather reserved when it comes to the idea of love and romance. The person born on the tenth day of January is excellent at hiding their feelings but they long to be appreciated and feel loved. So they generally discover a way of attracting attention without having to open up, especially at the beginning of a relationship. You usually have a high sex drive and will search for a partner that shares your enthusiasm and energy in this area. A suitable mate will also need to share your probable love of the great outdoors and all things natural. You will have few insecurities within a long term soul mate partnership aside from sometimes being overly protective. Once settled in a personal relationship you are less restless and more open with your emotions. [PAR] Health [PAR] Health wise those born on January 10th are most often quite robust and rarely seem to fall ill but they can suffer from stress. This is because you tend to be sometimes overly realistic about things and possibly not open enough about how you really feel. People born on this day are likely to be frequently tense due to high expectations of themselves and others. This can lead to little niggling complaints like slight posture problems, indigestion or tension headaches. Learning how to unwind effectively and on a regular basis is advised to prevent tenseness building and causing any issues. [PAR] Strengths and Weaknesses [PAR] Your main strengths of character are in your acute realism, and your calm but authoritative and determined manner. These set of positive characteristics will help you find happiness, security and success in life and they far outweigh any of your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Kingdom Horse Racing Greats | Race Horses ... United Kingdom Horse Racing Greats | Race Horses | HorseRacing.co.uk [PAR] Want your site listed here? Contact Us . [PAR] United Kingdom Horse Racing Greats [PAR] Horse racing is one of the few sports which has difficulty identifying the true 'sporting hero'. Trainers, jockeys and horses jostle to be praised for their performances, their skill and the transformations they have achieved. While there is prize money for owners, trainer and jockeys, there are not many ways of congratulating a horse to a win. This side takes a moment to acknowledge the true heroes of equestrian sports - the horses themselves. [PAR] Famous Flat Race Horses [PAR] Yeats [PAR] Foaled in 2001, Yeats is one of the living legends in British flat racing. The Irish-born and trained bay stallion is the only horse to win the Ascot Gold Cup , one of Britain's most prestigious races, four years in a row. In 2006 Yeats embarked on a winning rampage not even the most experienced opponents could stop. He defeated his Ascot crown in 2007,2008 and 2009; making the 2010 Ascot Gold Cup one of the most anticipated races of all time, with a whole nation holding its breath to see if the miracle thoroughbred can top his success with a fifth consecutive win. [PAR] Nijinsky [PAR] Although Nijinski was born in Canada, he was shipped to Ireland for training at such an early age that the British racing public happily accepted him as one of their own. Seemingly intent on making his name from the very start, Nijinsky began to built his reputation as a splendid race horse from an early age; and succeeded in becoming the champion two-year-old of both England and Ireland in 1969. The next year, as soon as he had reached racing maturity, Nijinski proceeded to win the 2,000 Guineas Stakes at the Epsom Derby and the Irish Derby . Off to a flying start he continued his winning streak, taking first place at the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, and the Doncaster St. Leger Stakes - which made him the first horse in 35 years to complete a winning English Triple Crown. Nijinsky has been the subject of a documentary narrated by Orson Wells, and was voted 'Horse of the Millennium' posthumously in a 2000 poll of The Sun. [PAR] Brown Jack [PAR] Initially, Brow Jack (1924-1948) began his career in jump racing, premiering as a four-year-old in 1928 by winning seven of his ten starts, among them the Cheltenham Champions' Hurdle. Despite his obvious prowess on the jump track, Brown Jack's owner, Sir Harold Wernher, decided to try his charge in the more lucrative flat races. In the same year of his hurdling victories, Brown Jack won the Ascot Stakes on the flat. He then set a record winning the Queen Alexandra Stakes for six consecutive years (1929-1934). 1930 saw Brown Jack racing to victory at the Goodwood Cup and the Doncaster Cup; 1931 he was the first across the line in the Ebor Handicap and the Chester Cup, and also took home the Rosebery Memorial Plate. To salute his stellar career, a bronze statue of Brown Jack was erected at Ascot where it can still be seen today. [PAR] Famous National Hunt Race Horses [PAR] Best Mate [PAR] Born in 1995 and a frequently sick and weakened foal, Best Mate went on to become one of the most revered horses in UK jump racing history. He achieved three consecutive wins at the Cheltenham Gold Cup from 2002 to 2004; matching the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] E20 Denmark: Great Belt Bridge (2014) - YouTube E20 Denmark: Great Belt Bridge (2014) - YouTube [PAR] E20 Denmark: Great Belt Bridge (2014) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 14, 2014 [PAR] Driving across the longest suspension bridge in Europe, the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Press Freedom: Media Reform Gets Personal in Argentina Press Freedom: Media Reform Gets Personal in Argentina [PAR] January 17, 2017 last updated 14:26 ET [PAR] Press Freedom: Media Reform Gets Personal in Argentina [PAR] Anastasia Moloney Thursday, Sept. 17, 2009 [PAR] When 200 tax inspectors made a surprise visit last week to the editorial offices of Clarin, one of Latin America's largest newspaper and cable TV companies, it was clear that the simmering tensions between the media giant and Argentine President Cristina Fernandez had reached new heights. [PAR] The day after the raid, the Clarin newspaper ran with the headline: \"Official operation of intimidation against Clarin.\" ... [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Cancel during trial and pay nothing. [PAR] Just $25 quarterly after trial. [PAR] Try It FREE [PAR] Cancel during trial and pay nothing. [PAR] Just $75 annually after trial. [PAR] Try It FREE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cover Story - Churchill, the RAF and Naval Cover Story - Churchill, the RAF and Naval [PAR] Cover Story - Churchill, the RAF and Naval [PAR] Finest Hour [PAR] Cover Story - Churchill, the RAF and Naval [PAR] Finest Hour 127, Summer 2005 [PAR] Page 22 [PAR] By Robert A. Courts [PAR] CHURCHILL\u2019S VIEW on interchangeability of service equipment is still something that Western air forces are implementing today....The RAF and USAF seek to achieve as great a spread of mission roles as possible by using the same aircraft types. [PAR] \"Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed, by so many, to so few,\u201d1 Winston Churchill exclaimed in his famous tribute to Fighter Command. The phrase came to him as he was driving home in silence after witnessing, at Uxbridge,2 the high drama of the Luftwaffe\u2019s massive attack on southern England in August 1940. \u201cDo not speak to me. I have never been so moved,\u201d was Churchill\u2019s first comment on getting into the car, and, as he reflected on the bravery of the young men who fought and wheeled and died above his head, he realised quite how much Britain, and the free world, owed to them. [PAR] With the benefit of hindsight, it is interesting to consider how how much the Royal Air Force owed to Winston Churchill, without whose patronage the service would have had a much harder job in surviving, and whose world-famous legend would certainly not be as great as it is now. For when, as Secretary of State for War and Air in the early Twenties, Winston Churchill was speaking of \u201cstrangling Bolshevism in its cradle,\u201d senior figures in the Army and Navy were thinking the same unfriendly thoughts towards the nascent RAF, then only a few years old.3 [PAR] Churchill\u2019s support of military aviation goes back over ten years before even that point. When at the Board of Trade, and a member of the Committee for Imperial Defence in 1909, he intervened in one of the first debates about aviation to say that the problem was a \u201cmost important one, and we should place ourselves in communication with Mr. Wright [Orville] and avail ourselves of his knowledge.\u201d4 [PAR] When he arrived at the Admiralty in 1911, this interest continued. With his usual unquenchable relish for new technology and ideas, he used his tenure to set up and foster the Royal Naval Air Service: a project that took him three attempts in the face of determined opposition from the Treasury. Churchill\u2019s doggedness was rewarded. In the run-up to the First World War, the Royal Flying Corps claimed entire responsibility for aerial home defence. As Churchill explained in The World Crisis: \u201cWhen asked how they proposed to discharge their duty, they admitted sorrowfully that they had not got the machines and could not get the money.\u201d5 [PAR] Thus arrived the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), which Churchill set up using his Admiralty budget to undertake the vital task of protecting Britain from air attack, especially the Navy\u2019s vital dockyards and oil refineries. The RFC\u2019s airplanes, meanwhile, were almost exclusively allocated to reconnaissance tasks for the British Expeditionary Force. In the light of Churchill\u2019s determination that the new weapon of the air should be an aggressive one, it is not surprising that Sir Martin Gilbert, his official biographer, found that \u201cthe Naval Wing paid more attention than was paid by the Military Wing to the use of the aeroplane as a fighting machine.\u201d6 Clearly Churchill must gain some of the credit for fostering the use of the aircraft in such a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WebMuseum: Leonardo da Vinci: La Joconde WebMuseum: Leonardo da Vinci: La Joconde [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci [PAR] Portrait of Mona Lisa (1479-1528), also known as [PAR] La Gioconda [PAR] , the wife of Francesco del Giocondo; 1503-06 (150 Kb); Oil on wood, 77 x 53 cm (30 x 20 7/8 in); Musee du Louvre, Paris [PAR] This figure of a woman, dressed in the Florentine fashion of her day and seated in a visionary, mountainous landscape, is a remarkable instance of Leonardo's sfumato technique of soft, heavily shaded modeling. The Mona Lisa's enigmatic expression, which seems both alluring and aloof, has given the portrait universal fame. [PAR] Reams have been written about this small masterpiece by Leonardo, and the gentle woman who is its subject has been adapted in turn as an aesthetic, philosophical and advertising symbol, entering eventually into the irreverent parodies of the Dada and Surrealist artists. The history of the panel has been much discussed, although it remains in part uncertain. According to Vasari, the subject is a young Florentine woman, Monna (or Mona) Lisa, who in 1495 married the well-known figure, Francesco del Giocondo, and thus came to be known as ``La Gioconda''. The work should probably be dated during Leonardo's second Florentine period, that is between 1503 and 1505. Leonardo himself loved the portrait, so much so that he always carried it with him until eventually in France it was sold to Fran\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdois I, either by Leonardo or by Melzi. [PAR] From the beginning it was greatly admired and much copied, and it came to be considered the prototype of the Renaissance portrait. It became even more famous in 1911, when it was stolen from the Salon Carr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in the Louvre, being rediscovered in a hotel in Florence two years later. It is difficult to discuss such a work briefly because of the complex stylistic motifs which are part of it. In the essay ``On the perfect beauty of a woman'', by the 16th-century writer Firenzuola, we learn that the slight opening of the lips at the corners of the mouth was considered in that period a sign of elegance. Thus Mona Lisa has that slight smile which enters into the gentle, delicate atmosphere pervading the whole painting. To achieve this effect, Leonardo uses the [PAR] sfumato [PAR] technique, a gradual dissolving of the forms themselves, continuous interaction between light and shade and an uncertain sense of the time of day. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 19 Jun 2006, Nicolas Pioch - Top - Up - Info [PAR] Thanks to the BMW Foundation, the WebMuseum mirrors , partners and contributors for their support.[DOC] [TLE] Blog Archive Mona Lisa - La Joconde - France.com - Best ... France.com \u00bb Blog Archive Mona Lisa - La Joconde - France.com [PAR] Search for: [PAR] Mona Lisa \u2013 La Joconde [PAR] Mona Lisa (also known as the Monna Lisa; Italian La Gioconda; French La Joconde), is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci showing a woman with an introspective expression-perhaps smiling would be the wrong word. It is the most famous painting in the world, going so far as to be iconic of painting, art, and even visual images in general. No other work of art is so romanticized, celebrated, or reproduced. It was accomplished between 1503 and 1506. Today it hangs in the Louvre in Paris and is the museum\u2019s star attraction. [PAR] The Painting [PAR] It is an oil painting on poplar wood measuring 77 x 53 cm. [PAR] Although it is difficult to view the painting critically and ignore all the mythology behind it, it does display a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Congeniality (2000) - IMDb Miss Congeniality (2000) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] An FBI agent must go undercover in the Miss United States beauty pageant to prevent a group from bombing the event. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 23 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 13 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 17 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Miss Congeniality \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Golden Globes. Another 7 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After Cheryl Frasier and Stan Fields are kidnapped, Gracie goes undercover in Las Vegas to find them. [PAR] Director: John Pasquin [PAR] When a blonde sorority queen is dumped by her boyfriend, she decides to follow him to law school to get him back and, once there, learns she has more legal savvy than she ever imagined. [PAR] Director: Robert Luketic [PAR] A pushy boss forces her young assistant to marry her in order to keep her visa status in the U.S. and avoid deportation to Canada. [PAR] Director: Anne Fletcher [PAR] A lawyer decides that she's used too much like a nanny by her boss, so she walks out on him. [PAR] Director: Marc Lawrence [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] Benjamin Barry is an advertising executive and ladies' man who, to win a big campaign, bets that he can make a woman fall in love with him in 10 days. Andie Anderson covers the \"How To\" beat for \"Composure\" magazine and is assigned to write an article on \"How to Lose a Guy in 10 days.\" They meet in a bar shortly after the bet is made. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] After serving as a bridesmaid 27 times, a young woman wrestles with the idea of standing by her sister's side as her sibling marries the man she's secretly in love with. [PAR] Director: Anne Fletcher [PAR] A smart but sensible new graduate lands a job as an assistant to Miranda Priestly, the demanding editor-in-chief of a high fashion magazine. [PAR] Director: David Frankel [PAR] A girl makes a wish on her 13th birthday and wakes up the next day as a 30-year-old woman. [PAR] Director: Gary Winick [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] When her brother decides to ditch for a couple weeks in London, Viola heads over to his elite boarding school, disguises herself as him, and proceeds to fall for one of her soccer teammates. Little does she realize she's not the only one with romantic troubles, as she, as he, gets in the middle of a series of intermingled love affairs. [PAR] Director: Andy Fickman [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breeds of Livestock - Gloucestershire Old Spots Swine ... Breeds of Livestock - Gloucestershire Old Spots Swine \u2014 Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Gloucestershire Old Spots Swine [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Gloucestershire Old Spots Swine [PAR] Gloucestershire Old Spots [PAR] Also Known By: Gloucester, Gloucester Old Spot, Goucestershire Old Spot [PAR] The Gloucestershire Old Spots is a black and white breed that is predominantly white in color. In recent years, selection has been towards less black and now only a spot or two are usually found. The breed also has a heavy drooped ear. [PAR] Gloucestershire Old Spots originated in the Berkeley Valley region of England and have now spread throughtout the UK. The origin of the breed is unknown but is probably from the native stock of the area along with introductions of various breeds. In 1855, Youatt and Martin mentioned there was a native stock in Gloucestershire that was of an unattractive dirty white color. [PAR] The Old Spots are among the large size pigs in England. At one time, they were called the Orchard Pig because they were partially raised on windfall apples and whey - waste agricultural products of the area. [PAR] Gloucestershire Old Spots are said to be good foragers or grazers. This is not surprising considering the type of feeding practiced in the original home of the breed during its early development. The sows of the breed are known for large litters and high milk production. Prolificacy and milk production have been characteristics sought by practical producers everywhere. [PAR] A Gloucestershire Old Spots breed society was formed in 1913. And while it has never become a dominant breed in its native country or in any other country, it has had an influence on the world's swine production. There is little doubt the breed contributed more than just some influence on the color pattern to the Spot and was also used in the development of the Minnesota No.3 breed in the United States."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breast lump removal: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Breast lump removal: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] URL of this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002918.htm [PAR] Breast lump removal [PAR] Breast lump removal is surgery to remove a lump that may be breast cancer. Tissue around the lump is also removed. This surgery is called a lumpectomy. [PAR] When a noncancerous tumor such as a fibroadenoma of the breast is removed, it is often called an excisional breast biopsy, instead of a lumpectomy. [PAR] Description [PAR] If the breast cancer can be seen on imaging tests but the doctor cannot feel it when examining you, a wire localization will be done before the surgery. [PAR] A radiologist will use a mammogram or ultrasound to place a needlewire (or needlewires) in or near the abnormal breast area. [PAR] This will help the surgeon know where the cancer is so that it can be removed. [PAR] Breast lump removal is done as an outpatient surgery most of the time. You will be given general anesthesia (you will be asleep, but pain-free) or local anesthesia (you are awake, but sedated and pain-free). The procedure takes about 1 hour. [PAR] The surgeon makes a small cut on your breast and removes the cancer and some of the normal breast tissue around it. A pathologist examines a sample of the removed tissue to make sure all the cancer has been taken out. [PAR] When no cancer cells are found near the edges of the removed tissue, it is called a clear margin. [PAR] To see if cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, your surgeon may also remove lymph nodes in your armpit. [PAR] Sometimes, small metal clips will be placed inside the breast to mark the area of tissue removal. This makes the area easy to see on future mammograms, and it helps guide radiation therapy, when needed. [PAR] The surgeon will close your skin with stitches. These may dissolve or need to be removed later. Rarely, a drain tube may be placed to remove extra fluid. Your doctor will send the lump to a laboratory for more testing. [PAR] Why the Procedure is Performed [PAR] Surgery to remove a breast cancer is most often the first step in treatment. [PAR] The choice of which surgery is best for you can be difficult. It may be hard to know whether lumpectomy or mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) is best. You and the health care providers who are treating your breast cancer will decide together. In general: [PAR] Lumpectomy is often preferred for smaller breast lumps. This is because it is a smaller procedure and it has about the same chance of curing breast cancer as a mastectomy . [PAR] Mastectomy to remove all breast tissue may be done if the area of cancer is too large to remove without deforming the breast. [PAR] You and your doctor should consider: [PAR] The size of your tumor [PAR] Where it is in your breast [PAR] If there is more than one tumor [PAR] How much of the breast is affected [PAR] The size of your breasts [PAR] Your age [PAR] Your general health, including whether you have reached menopause [PAR] Risks[DOC] [TLE] Breast Lump Removal (Lumpectomy) - Healthline Breast Lump Removal (Lumpectomy) [PAR] Breast Lump Removal (Lumpectomy) [PAR] Email addresses will not be shared with 3rd parties. See privacy policy [PAR] Thank you. [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SUPERMAN SOARS! Rare 1938 comic book sells for record $2M ... SUPERMAN SOARS! Rare 1938 comic book sells for record $2M - The Washington Post [PAR] SUPERMAN SOARS! Rare 1938 comic book sells for record $2M [PAR] The inside track on Washington politics. [PAR] Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we\u2019ll e-mail you free updates as they\u2019re published. [PAR] You\u2019ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. [PAR] You\u2019re all set! [PAR] By Michael Cavna By Michael Cavna November 30, 2011 Follow @comicriffs [PAR] An issue of \"Action Comics No. 1\" -- featuring the first appearance of Siegel and Shuster\u2019s Superman \u2014 sold for $2,161,000 at an online auction ending Wednesday night. (AP / Metropolis Collectibles, Inc./ComicConnect Corp.) [PAR] THE MAN OF STEEL has just secured the Record Deal. [PAR] The first superhero to launch the comic-book industry is now comics\u2019 first $2-million man. [PAR] A rare 1938 comic book that features Superman\u2019s historic debut sold at auction Wednesday night for $2.16-million, the auction/consignment site ComicConnect tells Comic Riffs. [PAR] The near-mint-condition copy of Action Comics No.-1 easily beat the record of about $1.5-million set in 2010 by the same issue, according to ComicConnect and sister partnership Metropolis Collectibles, which also conducted last year\u2019s record sale. [PAR] \u201cThe buyer was extremely excited about the prospect of bidding on this,\u201d ComicConnect/Metropolis COO Vincent Zurzolo tells Comic Riffs minutes after the bidding closed at 7:25 p.m. ET. \u201cI think he had an adrenalin rush for the last two hours. [PAR] \u201cAs soon as he won it, he gave me a call and thanked me. ...,\u201d Zurzolo continues. \u201cHe\u2019s very excited to have it. This is a guy who loves owning the best of the best.\u201d [PAR] Zurzolo says he is not at liberty to disclose the identity of the buyer, but he could acknowledge that \u201cthis is a customer we have a relationship with.\u201d [PAR] The record-setting book is graded to be in \u201c9.0\u201d condition \u2014 the best copy of Action Comics No.-1 Zurzolo says he\u2019s ever seen. [PAR] Reported stolen in 2000, the book was recovered early this year in a storage locker near Los Angeles. It was \u201craw\u201d and not protected, found in a stack of magazines, says Zurzolo, noting how surprised he was that it weathered the lost decade so well. [PAR] \u201cWe thought it was going to be creased, but it was beautiful,\u201d he tells Comic Riffs. \u201cIt is so close to perfect. This book has got freshness and bounce ... it\u2019s simply stunning.\u201d There are estimated to be about 100 extant copies of the issue, few in good condition. [PAR] In 2010, there was a spasm of big-spending on Action Comics No.-1and Detective Comics No.-27 (Batman\u2019s debut), with the ping-ponging record escalating to more than $1.5-million. [PAR] When Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster debuted Superman in the summer of \u201838, the cover cost was 10 cents. [PAR] Metropolis Collectibles says the current \u201c9.0\u201d issue has twice before been the most valuable comic book: It set records when it sold in 1992 (for $86,000) and again in 1997 ($150,000). [PAR] At the time the \u201c9.0\u201d book went missing, it reportedly was owned by actor Nicolas Cage; the Oscar-winning actor is a Super-fan who once was cast to play the Last Son of Krypton himself. (The actor \u2014 whose stage name reportedly was inspired by comic character Luke Cage \u2014 in 2005 gave his newborn son the same birth name as that of Superman: Kal-El.) [PAR] ComicConnect said it could not disclose the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In which Canadian province is London located? | Reference.com In which Canadian province is London located? | Reference.com [PAR] In which Canadian province is London located? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In Canada, London is in the province of Ontario. It is the 10th biggest city in the Canada and is named after the English capital city of London. Just like the original London, it is set on a river called Thames.[DOC] [TLE] Ontario (Canada): Province, Major Cities & Towns ... Ontario (Canada): Province, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts [PAR] 210,891 [PAR] Contents: Cities & Towns [PAR] The population of all cities and towns with more than 10,000 inhabitants (plus some selected municipalities) in Ontario by census years."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Hook (Character) - Biography - IMDb Captain Hook (Character) - Biography [PAR] biography [PAR] from Hook (1991) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. [PAR] Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. [PAR] Character Biography [PAR] History [PAR] Discuss [PAR] J.A.S. Hook, Cptn., as Captain James Hook signs his infamous name, is arguably the most ruthless villain in film history. Forever bent on destroying Peter Pan, Hook even kidnaps a grown Pan's children (\"Hook\"). Hook's \"indefatiguable good form\" is his most telling attribute (at least, according to himself), while most view him despicable, yet their favorite villain. It is hard not to respect, if not outright look up to, such a man. Captain Hook will forever remain one of the greatest villains in cinematography history. [PAR] Captain Hook is the main villain in \"Peter Pan\". [PAR] He is a pirate captain who wants to kill Peter Pan and take over Neverland. However, Peter defeats him every time they fight. [PAR] He has a hook on his right arm because Tick Tock the Crocodile ate his hand after Peter cut it off and threw it overboard. Tick Tock wants to eat the rest of him, thus he is the one thing Hook fears. Tick-Tock also swallowed Hook's clock, thus the ticking of the clock announces his arrival and allows Hook to escape. [PAR] He resembles Wendy Darling's father. [PAR] In \"Return to Neverland\", he kidnaps the daughter of the now grown-up Wendy, so Peter Pan has to rescue her. [PAR] In \"Hook\", the spell that was placed on Peter Pan was broken, and he finally aged to an adult. Buy aging, he also forgot who he was, and he lives as a lawyer called Peter Banning. When Hook kidnaps Peter's sons, Peter has to rescue them, and the Lost Boys help Peter regain his memories. Since Hook is bored with just trying to kill Peter, he tries to get revenge on him by making Peter's kids love him instead. In the end, Hook is crushed under a statue of Tick-Tock, killing him. [PAR] The Disney movie \"Peter Pan\" is adapted as a world, Neverland, in \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories\". [PAR] In \"Kingdom Hearts\", Hook teams up with Riku to capture Wendy because they believe is a Princess of Heart. She is not, and Sora, Donald, Goofy and Peter Pan defeat him. [PAR] In \"Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories\", he kidnaps Wendy again, only this time for personal reason, So Sora, Goofy, Donald and Peter defeat him again. [PAR] He is one of the guests in \"House of Mouse\", and he was one of the Disney villains in \"House of Villains\". [PAR] He is one of the fairy tale villains in Prince Charming's villain army in \"Shrek the Third\". He also appeared in \"Shrek 2\". [PAR] Page last updated by Crimsonrose00 , 7 years ago"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Starbucks is Named After a Moby Dick Character | Broken ... Starbucks is Named After a Moby Dick Character | Broken Secrets [PAR] Starbucks is Named After a Moby Dick Character [PAR] By Chad Upton | Editor [PAR] In 1971, an English teacher, a history teacher and writer started a coffee roasting business in Seattle. [PAR] It\u2019s not surprising that such an intellectual group would have an affinity for classics like Moby Dick. In fact, Starbucks was nearly called Pequod, the name of the whaling ship in Moby Dick. Thankfully, one of the partners rejected the name. Instead, they went with Starbucks, the name of Pequod\u2019s first mate. [PAR] Although Starbuck was a fictional young quaker from Nantucket, there were a number of real sailors from that era named \u201cStarbuck.\u201d Naming a coffee company was not the first time the Starbuck name was borrowed either. There is an island in the South Pacific, a popular region for whaling, called Starbuck Island. [PAR] Starbuck Island was heavily mined for phosphate in the late 1800s and many ships were wrecked there. The high frequency of shipwrecks was probably caused by the reefs that surrounded the island, but there is a mythical explanation too. [PAR] In Greek Mythology there are seductresses who lure sailors to shipwreck on the coast of their islands. These mythical creatures are called Sirens and the Starbucks logo contains one."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helen | Greek mythology | Britannica.com Helen | Greek mythology | Britannica.com [PAR] Greek mythology [PAR] Alternative Titles: Helen of Troy, Helene [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Aphrodite [PAR] Helen, Greek Helene, in Greek legend , the most beautiful woman of Greece and the indirect cause of the Trojan War . She was daughter of Zeus , either by Leda or by Nemesis , and sister of the Dioscuri . As a young girl she was carried off by Theseus , but she was rescued by her brothers. She was also the sister of Clytemnestra , who married Agamemnon . Her suitors came from all parts of Greece, and from among them she chose Menelaus , Agamemnon\u2019s younger brother. During an absence of Menelaus, however, Helen fled to Troy with Paris , son of the Trojan king Priam ; when Paris was slain, she married his brother Deiphobus, whom she betrayed to Menelaus when Troy was subsequently captured. Menelaus and she then returned to Sparta , where they lived happily until their deaths. [PAR] The abduction of Helen, bas-relief; in the Lateran Museum, Rome. [PAR] Alinari/Art Resource, New York [PAR] According to a variant of the story, Helen, in widowhood, was driven out by her stepsons and fled to Rhodes , where she was hanged by the Rhodian queen Polyxo in revenge for the death of her husband, Tlepolemus, in the Trojan War. The poet Stesichorus , however, related in his second version of her story that she and Paris were driven ashore on the coast of Egypt and that Helen was detained there by King Proteus . The Helen carried on to Troy was thus a phantom, and the real one was recovered by her husband from Egypt after the war. This version of the story was used by Euripides in his play Helen. [PAR] Helen Brought to Paris, oil on canvas by Benjamin West, 1776; in the Smithsonian American \u2026 [PAR] Photograph by pohick2. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C., Museum purchase, 1969.33 [PAR] Helen was worshipped and had a festival at Therapnae in Laconia ; she also had a temple at Rhodes, where she was worshipped as Dendritis (the tree goddess). Like her brothers, the Dioscuri, she was a patron deity of sailors. Her name is pre-Hellenic and in cult may go back to the pre-Greek periods. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mousetrap opens in London - Nov 25, 1952 - HISTORY.com Mousetrap opens in London - Nov 25, 1952 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Mousetrap opens in London [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] \u201cThe Mousetrap,\u201d a murder-mystery written by the novelist and playwright Agatha Christie, opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London. The crowd-pleasing whodunit would go on to become the longest continuously running play in history, with more than 10 million people to date attending its more than 20,000 performances in London\u2019s West End. [PAR] When \u201cThe Mousetrap\u201d premiered in 1952, Winston Churchill was British prime minister, Joseph Stalin was Soviet ruler, and Dwight D. Eisenhower was president-elect. Christie, already a hugely successful English mystery novelist, originally wrote the drama for Queen Mary, wife of the late King George V. Initially called \u201cThree Blind Mice,\u201d it debuted as a 30-minute radio play on the queen\u2019s 80th birthday in 1947. Christie later extended the play and renamed it \u201cThe Mousetrap\u201d\u2014a reference to the play-within-a-play performed in William Shakespeare\u2019s \u201cHamlet.\u201d [PAR] On November 25, 1952, 453 people took their seats in the Ambassadors Theatre for the London premiere of Christie\u2019s \u201cMousetrap.\u201d The drama is played out at \u201cMonkswell Manor,\u201d whose hosts and guests are snowed in among radio reports of a murderer on the loose. Soon a detective shows up on skis with the terrifying news that the murderer, and probably the next victim, are likely both among their number. Soon the clues and false leads pile as high as the snow. At every curtain call, the individual who has been revealed as the murderer steps forward and tells the audience that they are \u201cpartners in crime\u201d and should \u201ckeep the secret of the whodunit locked in their heart.\u201d [PAR] Richard Attenborough and his wife, Sheila Sim, were the first stars of \u201cThe Mousetrap.\u201d To date, more than 300 actors and actresses have appeared in the roles of the eight characters. David Raven, who played \u201cMajor Metcalf\u201d for 4,575 performances, is in the \u201cGuinness Book of World Records\u201d as the world\u2019s most durable actor, while Nancy Seabrooke is noted as the world\u2019s most patient understudy for 6,240 performances, or 15 years, as the substitute for \u201cMrs. Boyle.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThe Mousetrap\u201d is not considered Christie\u2019s best play, and a prominent stage director once declared that \u201c\u2018The Mousetrap'\u201d should be abolished by an act of Parliament.\u201d Nevertheless, the show\u2019s popularity has not waned. Asked about its enduring appeal, Christie said, \u201cIt is the sort of play you can take anyone to. It is not really frightening. It is not really horrible. It is not really a farce, but it has a little bit of all these things, and perhaps that satisfies a lot of different people.\u201d In 1974, after almost 9,000 shows, the play was moved to St. Martin\u2019s Theatre, where it remains today. Agatha Christie, who wrote scores of best-selling mystery novels, died in 1976. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] The Mousetrap London theatre tickets and information The Mousetrap London theatre tickets and information [PAR] Saturday at 4.00pm and 7.30pm [PAR] Sunday no show [PAR] Runs 2 hours and 20 minutes including one interval [PAR] Seat prices [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd? to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd? [PAR] Premium Seating also available [PAR] (plus booking fees if applicable) [PAR] The Mousetrap [PAR] The record-breaking stage production of Agatha Christie's whodunit The Mousetrap in London - the world's longest continuous theatrical production! [PAR] In her own inimitable style, Dame Agatha Christie has created an atmosphere of shuddering suspense and a brilliantly intricate plot where murder lurks around every corner. The Mousetrap: A Classic - A Landmark - A Legend. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MURDEROUS MATHS: The most pathetic and useless facts... MURDEROUS MATHS: The most pathetic and useless facts... [PAR] The Most Pathetic Fact in Maths [PAR] The 8th MM book is full of P.U.F.s (Perfectly Useless Facts) so before it was published we asked everyone to vote for the most pathetic, irritating and useless fact in maths! \u263a [PAR] Many thanks to the thousands of you who voted, and you'll find the full results of our poll in \"NUMBERS: the Key to the Universe\". [PAR] Here are the facts - which one would YOU choose as the most pathetic? (Check your answer with our result at the end of the list.) [PAR] If you multiply 1089 x 9 you get 9801. It's reversed itself! This also works with 10989 or 109989 or 1099989 and so on. [PAR] 1 is the only positive whole number that you can add to 1,000,000 and you get an answer that's bigger than if you multiply it by 1,000,000 [PAR] 19 = 1 x 9 + 1 + 9 and 29 = 2 x 9 + 2 + 9. This also works for 39,49,59,69,79,89 and 99. [PAR] 153, 370, 371 and 407 are all the \"sum of the cubes of their digits\". In other words 153=13+53+33 [PAR] If you divide any square number by 8 you get a remainder of 0, 1 or 4. [PAR] 2 is the only number that gives the same result added to itself as it does times by itself [PAR] If you multiply 21978 by 4 it turns backwards [PAR] There are 12,988,816 different ways to cover a chess board with 32 dominoes. [PAR] Sixty nine squared = 692 = 4761 and sixty nine cubed = 693 = 328509. These two answers use all the digits from 0 to 9 between them. [PAR] You can chop a big lump of cheese into a maximum of 93 bits with 8 straight cuts [PAR] In the English language \"forty\" is the only number that has all its letters in alphabetical order. [PAR] 1 \ufffd 37 = 0\ufffd027027027... and 1 \ufffd 27 = 0\ufffd037037037... [PAR] 132 = 169 and if you write both numbers backwards you get 312 = 961. [PAR] This also works with 12 because 122 = 144 and 212 =441. [PAR] 1/1089 = 0\ufffd00091827364554637281... (And the numbers in the 9 times table are 9,18,27,36...) [PAR] 8 is the only cube that is 1 less than a square. [PAR] To multiply 10,112,359,550,561,797,752,808,988,764,044,943,820,224,719 by 9 you just move the 9 at the very end up to the front. It's the only number that does this. (Thank goodness!) [PAR] The number FOUR is the only number in the English language that is spelt with the same number of letters as the number itself [PAR] 1x9 +2 = 11 , 12x9 +3 = 111 , 123x9+4 = 1111 and so on. [PAR] Have you decided which fact you think is the MOST pathetic? If you want to see our winner, click and drag your mouse across the blank box: [PAR] * Fact 11 was easily voted the most pathetic! * [PAR] \u263a Some visitors even sent their own facts which we've included here. Do you have a pathetic number fact that we should include? If so please let us know! The best ones will appear here. [PAR] AL enlightened our lives by telling us that TWENTY NINE is the only number that is written with as many strokes as its numerical value! (You need to write Y with 3 strokes) [PAR] Gareth Latty tells us that there are 169,518,829,100,544,000,000,000,000,000 ways to play the first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World's Smallest Deer Species 'Pudu Puda' born at Queens ... World's Smallest Deer Species 'Pudu Puda' born at Queens Zoo : Animals : Nature World News [PAR] World's Smallest Deer Species 'Pudu Puda' born at Queens Zoo [PAR] By Staff Reporter [PAR] May 17, 2014 10:28 AM EDT [PAR] The Queens Zoo, April 29, witnessed the arrival of a southern pudu fawn, a member of world's smallest deer species \"Pudu puda\". [PAR] The female fawn weighed one pound at birth, the Wildlife Conservation Society's Queens Zoo announced Friday. Average age of the Pudus in captivity is 12.5 years and officials estimate that the female fawn at the zoo will weigh 20 pounds as an adult. [PAR] Pudu puda are tiny, reaching a length of just 23 to 32 inches. These solitary creatures live in the temperate forests of Argentina and Chile. They are shy and bark when they sense danger and start running in a zig zag manner to outrun predators. These puny little deers are considered good jumpers and sprinters. [PAR] Pudus are expert navigators and use a complex trail of markings. Each Pudu's territory ranges from 40-60 acres . [PAR] \"The Queens Zoo breeds Pudu as part of the Species Survival Program (SSP), a cooperative breeding program designed to enhance the genetic viability and demographic stability of animal populations in zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums,\" WCS said in a news release . [PAR] International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources classifies Pudu as endangered animals. Habitat loss, introduction of European animals in the region and presence of dogs have led to a decrease in Pudu numbers. [PAR] Chile has been able to prevent the species from going extinct by preserving habitat. According to IUCN , fewer than 10,000 of these deer live in the wild. [PAR] WCS said that it is using research and conservation practices in Pudu's range countries to help save the animals from extinction."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Pedology | Pedologists | Pedology Definition ... What Is Pedology | Pedologists | Pedology Definition | Meaning Of Pedology | Define Pedology | Soil Pedology | Academic Room [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Pedology (from Greek: \u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd, pedon, \"soil\"; and \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, logos, \"study\") is the study of soils in their natural environment. It is one of two main branches of soil science, the other being edaphology. Pedology deals with pedogenesis, soil morphology, and soil classification, while edaphology studies the way soils influence plants, fungi, and other living things. [PAR] [PAR] Overview [PAR] [PAR] Soil is not only a support for vegetation, but it is also the zone beneath our feet (the pedosphere) of numerous interactions between climate (water, air, temperature), soil life (micro-organisms, plants, animals) and its residues, the mineral material of the original and added rock, and its position in the landscape. During its formation and genesis, the soil profile slowly deepens and develops characteristic layers, called 'horizons', while a steady state balance is approached. [PAR] [PAR] Soil users (such as agronomists) showed initially little concern in the dynamics of soil. They saw it as medium whose chemical, physical and biological properties were useful for the services of agronomic productivity. On the other hand, pedologists and geologists did not initially focus on the agronomic applications of the soil characteristics (edaphic properties) but upon its relation to the nature and history of landscapes. Today, there's an integration of the two disciplinary approaches as part of landscape and environmental sciences. [PAR] [PAR] Pedologists are now also interested in the practical applications of a good understanding of pedogenesis processes (the evolution and functioning of soils), like interpreting its environmental history and predicting consequences of changes in land use, while agronomists understand that the cultivated soil is a complex medium, often resulting from several thousands of years of evolution. They understand that the current balance is fragile and that only a thorough knowledge of its history makes it possible to ensure its sustainable use. [PAR] [PAR] Concepts [PAR] Complexity in soil genesis is more common than simplicity. [PAR] Soils lie at the interface of Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Therefore, a thorough understanding of soils requires some knowledge of meteorology, climatology, ecology, biology, hydrology, geomorphology, geology and many other earth sciences and natural sciences. [PAR] Contemporary soils carry imprints of pedogenic processes that were active in the past, although in many cases these imprints are difficult to observe or quantify. Thus, knowledge of paleoecology, palaeogeography, glacial geology and paleoclimatology is important for the recognition and understanding of soil genesis and constitute a basis for predicting the future soil changes. [PAR] Five major, external factors of formation (climate, organisms, relief, parent material and time), and several smaller, less identifiable ones, drive pedogenic processes and create soil patterns. [PAR] Characteristics of soils and soil landscapes, e.g., the number, sizes, shapes and arrangements of soil bodies, each of which is characterized on the basis of soil horizons, degree of internal homogeneity, slope, aspect, landscape position, age and other properties and relationships, can be observed and measured. [PAR] Distinctive bioclimatic regimes or combinations of pedogenic processes produce distinctive soils. Thus, distinctive, observable morphological features, e.g., illuvial clay accumulation in B horizons, are produced by certain combinations of pedogenic processes operative over varying periods of time. [PAR] Pedogenic (soil-forming) processes act to both create and destroy order (anisotropy) within soils; these processes can proceed simultaneously. The resulting soil profile reflects the balance of these processes, present and past. [PAR] The geological Principle of Uniformitarianism applies to soils, i.e., pedogenic processes active in soils today have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John (Red) Pollard | Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame John (Red) Pollard | Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame [PAR] Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame [PAR] Hall of Fame Inductee, 1982 [PAR] Jockey [PAR] [PAR] It could be said with-out argument that John(Red) Pollard\u2019s riding career was on a one-way street to oblivion until the August afternoon in 1936 when he arrived penniless at a race track in Detroit and was introduced to trainer \u201cSilent\u201d Tom Smith, an enigmatic ex-frontier mustang breaker, and a crooked-legged horse that would become \u201can American legend\u201d \u2013 Seabiscuit. [PAR] Pollard had been riding at Thistle Down Park in Ohio, winning two or three races a month, and had gone two years without a stakes victory. But his career was about to bloom with Seabiscuit. Pollard rode this undersized horse 30 times (winning 18 of them) between August, 1936, and his final start in March,1940, when Seabiscuit ended his fairy tale career as the world\u2019s leading money-winning Thoroughbred by capturing the rich $100,000 Santa Anita Handicap. [PAR] A classic team \u2013 Pollard and Seabiscuit [PAR] Born in Edmonton, Alta., in 1909, Pollard\u2019s riding career started out west riding quarter horses. He grew up in a home where books where prized possessions. Later he traveled with pocket volumes of Shakespeare, Omar Khayyam\u2019s, Rubaiyat and Robert Service\u2019s, Songs Of The Sourdough. At age 15 he convinced his parents to let him pursue a career as a jockey and was allowed to leave home with a guardian. He ended up at a track in Butte, Montana. Pollard\u2019s apprenticeship would take him from tracks and fairs across Western Canada, Montana, Nebraska and California. His first win came in 1926. [PAR] Not a lucrative occupation at the time, he supplemented his income with earnings by fighting in preliminary boxing matches under the nom de ring \u201cCougar.\u201d He had some early success riding at Tijuana in Mexico in the early 1930s. In one of his infrequent visits to Toronto and Woodbine Park he won the King Edward Gold Cup in 1933. In 1937 Pollard won the San Juan Capistrano, March bank and Bay Meadows Handicaps in California and the Brooklyn, Butler, Yonkers and Massachusetts Handicaps in the east. [PAR] In 1938 Pollard was in hospital after suffering a badly smashed leg during a training session on another horse and was unable to ride Seabiscuit in the colt\u2019s most memorable race of his career \u2013 the match race against War Admiral in the Pimlico Special. Plagued by injuries throughout his career (he was blind in his right eye), he injured the leg just before the race and was forced to give up the ride to his friend, George Woolf . Pollard returned to Howard\u2019s farm in California to recover from his injuries, which horsemen believed would end his career. Soon afterwards he was joined by Seabiscuit at the farm in 1939, who was convalescing from a ruptured suspensory ligament that many thought would also end his career. But Pollard and Seabiscuit returned to the track a year later and climaxed their careers in the $100,000 Santa Anita Handicap in March, 1940. [PAR] A report in the Thoroughbred Record after the race said: \u201cJockey John Pollard deserves more than a word of praise. This boy was himself broken down as badly or worse than Seabiscuit. A broken leg suffered in New England before the War Admiral race had refused to knit; when at last he was able to ride last fall, he rode with a steel brace strapped along that bone to keep it from buckling. When Seabiscuit was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reservoir Dogs (1992) - IMDb Reservoir Dogs (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 12 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 03 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Reservoir Dogs \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 9 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. [PAR] Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth [PAR] Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth [PAR] The Bride wakens from a four-year coma. The child she carried in her womb is gone. Now she must wreak vengeance on the team of assassins who betrayed her - a team she was once part of. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] With the help of a German bounty hunter, a freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal Mississippi plantation owner. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] The Bride continues her quest of vengeance against her former boss and lover Bill, the reclusive bouncer Budd and the treacherous, one-eyed Elle. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A man juggles searching for his wife's murderer and keeping his short-term memory loss"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LOVES OF ZEUS 3 : Greek mythology ZEUS MYTHS 4 LOVES - Greek Mythology [PAR] Roman Name [PAR] Jupiter [PAR] Europa and Zeus as bull, Paestan red-figure calyx krater C4th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum [PAR] ZEUS was the king of the gods, and god of the sky, weather, fate and law. [PAR] This page describes three of Zeus' mortal liaisons--Danae who was impregnated by the god in the form of a golden shower, Antiope who was seduced by the god in the guise of a satyr, and Kallisto who was deceived by Zeus disguised as the maiden Artemis. [PAR] (1) MORTAL LOVES (WOMEN) [PAR] ALKMENE (Alcmena) A lady of Thebes in Boiotia (central Greece) who was seduced by Zeus in the form of her own husband. She bore twins: Herakles by Zeus and Likymnios by her husband Amphitryon. [PAR] ANTIOPE A lady of Thebes in Boiotia (central Greece) who was seduced by Zeus in the shape of Satyros. She bore him twin sons Amphion and Zethos which were exposed at birth. [PAR] DANAE A princess of Argos (central Greece) who was imprisoned by her father in a bronze tower. Zeus seduced her in the form of a golden shower, and she gave birth to a son, the hero Perseus. [PAR] DIA A queen of the Lapith tribe of Thessalia (northern Greece), wife of King Ixion. According to some, she was seduced by Zeus, and bore him a son Peirithoos (but others say, the father was her husband Ixion). [see Family ] [PAR] ELARE (Elara) A princess of Orkhomenos (central Greece) who was loved by Zeus. In fear of the wrath of Hera, he hid her beneath the earth, where she gave birth to a son the Gigante Tityos. [PAR] EUROPA A princess of Phoinikia (Phoenicia) (West Asia) who was abducted to Krete )in the Greek Aegean) by Zeus in the form of a bull. She bore him three sons: Minos, Sarpedon and Rhadamanthys. [PAR] EURYMEDOUSA (Eurymedusa) A princess of Phthiotis (northern Greece) who was seduced by Zeus in the form of an ant. Their son was named Myrmidon (Ant-Man). [PAR] KALLISTO (Callisto) A princess of Arkadia (southern Greece) who was seduced by Zeus in the guise of the goddess Artemis. She was transformed into a bear by a wrathful goddess into a bear and in this form bare a son named Arkas. [PAR] KALYKE (Calyce) A queen of Elis (southern Greece), the wife of King Aithlios. She was the mother by Zeus (or by her husband Aithlios) of Endymion. [see Family ] [PAR] KASSIOPEIA (Cassiopeia) A lady of the island Krete (Greek Aegean) who bore Zeus a son named Atymnios. [see Family ] [PAR] LAMIA A queen of Libya (North Africa) who was loved by Zeus. When the jealous Hera stole her children by the god--Herophile and Akhilleus--she was driven mad with grief. [PAR] LAODAMEIA A princess of Lykia (Asia Minor) who was loved by Zeus and bore him a son, Sarpedon. [see Family ] [PAR] LEDA A queen of Lakedaimonia (southern Greece) who was seduced by Zeus in the form of swan. She laid an egg from which were hatched the Dioskouroi twins--one Polydeukes was the son of Zeus, the other Kastor the son of her husband Tyndareus. According to some, she was also the mother of egg-hatched Helene (though others say this egg was given her by the goddess Nemesis). [PAR] LYSITHOE A woman who bore Zeus a son named Herakles (a man with the same name as the famous hero). [see Family ] [PAR] NIOBE A princess of Argolis (southern Greece). She was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall - Royalty Wiki - Wikia Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall | Royalty Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall [PAR] This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia ( view authors ) [PAR] Camilla [PAR] Duchess of Cornwall; Duchess of Rothesay ( more ) [PAR] Spouse [PAR] 17 July 1947 (1947-07-17) (age 69) [PAR] London, England, UK [PAR] v \u00b7 d \u00b7 e [PAR] Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (Camilla Rosemary; n\u00e9e Shand, previously Parker Bowles; born 17 July 1947) is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales , and is the current holder of the courtesy titles of Duchess of Cornwall , Princess of Wales , Duchess of Rothesay and Countess of Chester . Although Camilla became the Princess of Wales upon her marriage to the Prince of Wales, she is obliged to choose to be known by the alternative and lesser title of the Duchess of Cornwall, thereby avoiding confusion with her husband's popular first wife, the late Diana, Princess of Wales . She is known by this title worldwide, but in Scotland protocol determines that she is properly styled the Duchess of Rothesay . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Born at King's College Hospital, London, on 17 July 1947, Camilla was raised opposite the Plumpton Racecourse, East Sussex by her parents, Major Bruce Shand (1917\u20132006) (a British Army officer, turned wine merchant, as well as Prisoner of War in World War II who received the Military Cross with Bar) and The Honorable Rosalind Cubitt (1921\u20131994), eldest child of Roland Calvert Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe ): her siblings are Mark and Annabel. [PAR] She was christened on 1 November 1947 at Firle Church, Sussex, and her godparents were The Hon Harry Cubitt (her maternal uncle), Major Neil Speke, Mrs Heathcoat Amory, Mrs Lombard Hobson, and Miss Vivien Mosley. [PAR] Education [PAR] Camilla attended Dumbrells School in Sussex, as well as Queen's Gate School in Kensington. She subsequently attended the Mon Fertile finishing school in Switzerland and studied at the Institut Britannique in Paris [PAR] Career [PAR] Following her education, she worked for a year at the offices of designers Sybil Colefax and John Fowler. She also became an avid equestrienne and participated in fox hunting. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] On 4 July 1973, Camilla married Andrew Parker Bowles , at the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London; their bridesmaids including Parker Bowles' goddaughter Lady Emma Herbert . [PAR] Divorce [PAR] Andrew Parker Bowles initiated divorce proceedings against Camilla following the admission by the Prince of Wales that he had conducted a long-term extramarital affair with Camilla; the couple's divorce was finalized on 3 March 1995. [PAR] Relationship with the Prince of Wales [PAR] Edit [PAR] The relationship between Camilla and Prince Charles began when they met at a polo match in 1970. Though she became one of the numerous girlfriends of Charles, and he was said to have wanted to marry her, Camilla was seen by royal courtiers as an unsuitable match for the future king. Robert Lacey wrote in his 2002 book, Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II , that Charles had met Camilla too early, and that he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties in 1972. [PAR] Reliable published reports indicate that they renewed their romantic relationship in the 1980s. [PAR] The affair became public knowledge a decade later, with the publication of Diana: Her True Story , followed by the Camillagate scandal, wherein an intimate telephone conversation between Camilla and Charles was secretly recorded and the transcripts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1966 World Cup History - SuperSport - Football 1966 World Cup History - SuperSport - Football [PAR] seconds [PAR] 1966 World Cup History [PAR] 1930 | 1934 | 1938 | 1950 | 1954 | 1958 | 1962 | 1966 | 1970 | 1974 | 1978 | 1982 | 1986 | 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 [PAR] With the United States ever more involved in the conflict with Vietnam, football returned to the country that invented the game 103 years earlier -- England. [PAR] Brazil and Italy were the two big name casualties in the group stages. An ageing Brazil side lost to Eusebio-inspired Portugal 3-1 while Italy suffered the shock result of the tournament when they crashed 1-0 to North Korea, Pak Doo Ik becoming a household name in England by scoring the only goal. [PAR] England advanced in solid if unspectacular style to the semi-finals, where they faced Eusebio and co. Two brilliant efforts by Bobby Charlton put paid to the Portuguese at Wembley. [PAR] West Germany, coaxed by new find Franz Beckenbauer, defeated the Soviet Union at Goodison Park to take their place at the home of football for the final. [PAR] Helmut Haller put the Germans ahead but Geoff Hurst equalised before half-time. Martin Peters looked to have clinched the cup for the hosts until Wolfgang Weber snatched a dramatic late equaliser to force extra time in a final for only the second time in history. [PAR] Hurst scored twice in the additional period to become the first player to score a World Cup final hat-trick. His second goal was highly controversial, bouncing down off the crossbar and, according to the linesman, over the line. [PAR] 1966 WORLD CUP LEGENDS [PAR] England: b. 1941, d. 1993 [PAR] Probably the finest defender to have ever played for England. [PAR] Elegant central defender-cum-sweeper, a master of anticipation with a well-timed tackle and an accurate pass. [PAR] As England's captain in their 1966 World Cup triumph at Wembley, his pass from deep set up Geoff Hurst for the clinching goal in extra-time. Voted player of the tournament. [PAR] Legendary Scottish manager Jock Stein once said of Moore: \"There ought to be a law against him. He know's what's happening 20 minutes before everybody else.\" [PAR] Won 108 caps for his country, the most by any England outfield player, and helped West Ham to FA Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup glory. [PAR] Moore was respected throughout the world and won the personal admiration of Pele after an outstanding duel in the 1970 World Cup finals in Mexico. [PAR] Tributes from all around the world poured in after his death in 1993 from cancer, and West Ham named their new stand after him. [PAR] Geoff HURST [PAR] England: b. 1941 [PAR] The only man ever to have scored a hat-trick in a World Cup final. [PAR] Like so many World Cup heroes, target-man Hurst wasn't first-choice when the tournament began. Hurst had been nurtured by Ron Greenwood at West Ham, whose side included internationals Martin Peters and the incomparable Bobby Moore, Tottenham's Jimmy Greaves was coach Alf Ramsey's preferred option. [PAR] When Greaves was injured early in the tournament, Hurst grabbed his chance and wrote himself into World Cup legend. [PAR] His hat-trick in the 4-2 win against West Germany included a header, a right-foot shot and a left-foot shot. [PAR] The second goal, which made it 3-2, remains one of the great controversial moments in World Cup history. Hurst's shot bounced off the crossbar and, according to the Azerbaijani linesman, over the line. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Wear a Kilt: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Wear a Kilt: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] The Kilt [PAR] 1 [PAR] Wrap the kilt around your body with the pleats to the back. The top of the garment should be situated at the natural waist; the two aprons will overlap in the front. It should hang around your knee. [PAR] Take your right arm and wrap it around your front. The edge of the right should meet up with the left, where there is a small hole in the lining for a strap to go through. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Fasten the kilt by buckling the aprons. Most kilts have a leather strap on the right apron, which is often called the under apron. Pull the strap through to the outside until it's comfortable. You should be just able to get your thumbs inside the waistband. [PAR] Fasten it to the buckle, just like a belt, at the outer edge of the left waist. [PAR] With your left hand on your right hip, fasten the leather strap on the left apron, or front apron, to the buckles on the right; usually, there will be two. Do the top strap first. [PAR] If your kilt features a third strap further down the right hip, fasten it to create a smooth fit across the stomach. Make sure it's not bunching toward the top or along the buckles. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Adjust the kilt. If you have buckled the kilt correctly, the fringed edge of the kilt should be along the right side and the kilt should be centered on the body. Most kilts feature a pivot point in the tartan in the center of the front apron. This is the place where the tartan pattern mirrors itself. This pivot point should be in the center of your body. [PAR] It should have a good A shape to it. Adjust as necessary, making sure that you're comfortable and everything is lying correctly. [PAR] Part 2 [PAR] The Kilt The Extras [PAR] 1 [PAR] Put on the kilt hose, garters (an elastic band) and flashes (colored ribbons). Generally, keep the flashes with the kilt they match. Pull the kilt hose, which resemble knee socks, over the knee before you deal with the other two pieces. [PAR] Fasten the garter and flashes just below the knee. The flashes should be off to the outside of the leg. [PAR] Fold the kilt hose to below the knee about 3-4 fingers down and over the garter, displaying a few inches of the flashes. Smooth it all out and adjust as necessary, making sure both sets of flashes are displayed at the same angle. eg: Left Hand at 11 am, Right Hand at 1 pm. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Put on your brogues. Don't tie them halfway up your legs! There are two ways to tie them; choose the one that appeals most to you. [PAR] The High-Front Tie: Start by making sure your laces are the same length. Tie half a knot, keep some tension on the laces, wrap them around the back of your ankle, twist once or twice and then again around the front,(sometimes around the back twice, depends on laces length)making an X.The when back at the front again, tie it off to the side of the shin bone with a Half Hitch Bow is best. [PAR] The Low Tie: Follow the steps described in the High-Front tie method, but scrunch everything down so that it remains around your ankle instead of up your calf. With this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord Peter Wimsey | fictional character | Britannica.com Lord Peter Wimsey | fictional character | Britannica.com [PAR] fictional character [PAR] Nancy Drew [PAR] Lord Peter Wimsey, fictional character, a monocled aristocratic dilettante turned professional detective, created by English writer Dorothy L. Sayers in Whose Body? (1923). [PAR] After his graduation from the University of Oxford , Wimsey, who is the second son of the duke of Denver, finds that he has a gift for crime detection. His social role is as a dapper young bachelor of wit and charm, a gentleman-scholar, and a lover of rare books. Supported by his private income and by the companionship and service of his loyal manservant Bunter , Wimsey often works closely with Inspector Parker of Scotland Yard (who marries Wimsey\u2019s sister). He eventually marries Harriet Vane, a writer of mystery books, whom he meets in Strong Poison (1930) and clears of a murder charge. [PAR] The Wimsey novels and short-story collections include Clouds of Witness (1926), Unnatural Death (1927), Lord Peter Views the Body (1928), The Five Red Herrings (1931), Have His Carcase (1932), Murder Must Advertise (1933), The Nine Tailors (1934), Gaudy Night (1935), and Busman\u2019s Honeymoon (1937). The Wimsey mysteries were adapted for both motion picture and television. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Dorothy L. Sayers [PAR] June 13, 1893 Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng. Dec. 17, 1957 Witham, Essex English scholar and writer whose numerous mystery stories featuring the witty and charming Lord Peter Wimsey combined the attractions of scholarly erudition and cultural small talk with the puzzle of detection. [PAR] Bunter (fictional character) [PAR] fictional character, the perfect valet in the Lord Peter Wimsey mysteries of Dorothy L. Sayers. Bunter served bravely as a sergeant under (then Captain) Wimsey during World War I, and he remained in Wimsey\u2019s service after the war. A knowledgeable bibliophile, an expert photographer, and a... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Article Title: Lord Peter Wimsey [PAR] Website Name: Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica [PAR] Date Published: April 21, 2015 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lord-Peter-Wimsey [PAR] Access Date: January 20, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darryl 'Flea' Virostko - back to Mavericks - SFGate Darryl 'Flea' Virostko - back to Mavericks - SFGate [PAR] Darryl 'Flea' Virostko - back to Mavericks [PAR] SUNDAY PROFILE: Darryl 'Flea' Virostko Rehab rescued renowned surfer - now he throws others a lifeline [PAR] By Demian Bulwa , San Francisco Chronicle [PAR] Published 4:00 am, Sunday, November 8, 2009 [PAR] Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle [PAR] Image 1of/5 [PAR] Close [PAR] Image 1 of 5 [PAR] Legendary surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko rides the waves off Pleasure Point in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. The three-time Mavericks champion will compete in this year's world class surfing event. less [PAR] Legendary surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko rides the waves off Pleasure Point in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. The three-time Mavericks champion will compete in this year's world class surfing ... more [PAR] Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle [PAR] Image 2 of 5 [PAR] Legendary surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko talks openly about his recovery from a meth addiction in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. The three-time Mavericks champion will compete in this year's world class surfing event. less [PAR] Legendary surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko talks openly about his recovery from a meth addiction in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. The three-time Mavericks champion will compete in this year's ... more [PAR] Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle [PAR] Image 3 of 5 [PAR] Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko (right), a champion surfer and recovering meth addict, takes two clients he's counseling for an afternoon of surfing off Pleasure Point in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. [PAR] Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko (right), a champion surfer and recovering meth addict, takes two clients he's counseling for an afternoon of surfing off Pleasure Point in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. [PAR] Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle [PAR] Image 4 of 5 [PAR] Surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko (left) visits Jack O'Neill at the legendary wetsuit maker's home in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. [PAR] Surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko (left) visits Jack O'Neill at the legendary wetsuit maker's home in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. [PAR] Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle [PAR] Image 5 of 5 [PAR] Legendary surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko rides the waves off Pleasure Point in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. The three-time Mavericks champion will compete in this year's world class surfing event. less [PAR] Legendary surfer Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko rides the waves off Pleasure Point in Santa Cruz, Calif., on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2009. The three-time Mavericks champion will compete in this year's world class surfing ... more [PAR] Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle [PAR] Darryl 'Flea' Virostko - back to Mavericks [PAR] 1 / 5 [PAR] Back to Gallery [PAR] Nearly dying is a specialty of Darryl \"Flea\" Virostko. [PAR] The surfer, who won the first three monster-wave contests at Mavericks north of Half Moon Bay, almost drowned there once when the leash that attaches his ankle to the board clung to an underwater rock. [PAR] So epic was a plunge down a 50-foot wall of water at Hawaii's Waimea Bay in 2004 that Surfer magazine dubbed it the \"Wipeout of the Decade.\" [PAR] But Virostko was never closer to death than when he decided to get sober last year, several days after terrified relatives and fellow surfers staged an intervention. [PAR] Closing out a final bender, he smoked a pipe of crystal meth, then chugged a half-gallon of vodka as he drove from Santa Cruz to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] P!nk - Music on Google Play P!nk - Music on Google Play [PAR] P!nk [PAR] About the artist [PAR] Alecia Beth Moore, known professionally as Pink, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress. She was signed to her first record label with original R&B girl group Choice in 1995. The label saw potential in only Pink, offering her a solo deal. Choice disbanded in 1998. Pink rose as an artist with her debut solo album, Can't Take Me Home. It was certified double-platinum in the United States and spawned two Billboard Hot 100 top-ten hits: \"There You Go\" and \"Most Girls\". She gained further recognition with the Moulin Rouge! soundtrack \"Lady Marmalade\", which gave Pink her first Grammy Award as well as her first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100. Pink took control in early 2001 insisting she wanted to work with her childhood hero, Linda Perry. Pink took more artistic control and pursued pop rock direction for her second album, Missundaztood. It sold more than 15 million copies worldwide and yielded three United States top-ten singles, \"Get the Party Started\", \"Don't Let Me Get Me\", and \"Just Like a Pill\". [PAR] Pink's third studio album, Try This, generated considerably lower sales, but earned her the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. [PAR] 1 [PAR] $10.49 [PAR] \"Blow Me (One Last Kiss),\" the lead single from Pink's sixth studio album, is a catchy anthem about reaching a breaking point after \"a shit day,\" while the chorus on \"True Love\" (featuring Lily All... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $10.49 [PAR] \"Blow Me (One Last Kiss),\" the lead single from Pink's sixth studio album, is a catchy anthem about reaching a breaking point after \"a shit day,\" while the chorus on \"True Love\" (featuring Lily All... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] Funhouse is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Pink, released by LaFace Records worldwide on October 24, 2008. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart, selling ... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.49 [PAR] Can't Take Me Home is the debut album by singer P!nk, released in the United States on April 4, 2000 by LaFace Records. It produced three singles\u2014\"There You Go\", \"Most Girls\", and \"You Make Me Sick... [PAR] 1 [PAR] Christina Aguilera [PAR] 0 [PAR] Christina Mar\u00eda Aguilera is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. Born in Staten Island, New York and raised in Rochester and Wexford, Pennsylvania, she appeared on th... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Katy Perry [PAR] 0 [PAR] Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson, known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter. After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Avril Lavigne [PAR] 0 [PAR] Avril Ramona Lavigne is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain; by 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Rec... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Kelly Clarkson [PAR] 0 [PAR] Kelly Brianne Clarkson is an American singer, songwriter, actress and author. She rose to fame in 2002 after winning the first season of American Idol, and has since been referred to as the \"Origin... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Rihanna [PAR] 0 [PAR] Rihanna is the youngest solo artist to score 13 No. 1 singles on the Billboard Hot 100\u2014the fastest to do so\u2014she\u2019s sold more than 54 million albums and 203 million tracks worldwide. Rihanna is an ei... [PAR] 0 [PAR] Lady Gaga [PAR] 0 [PAR] Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta, known professionally as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wasp and bee control : Insects : University of Minnesota ... Wasp and bee control : Insects : University of Minnesota Extension [PAR] University of Minnesota Extension [PAR] Extension > Garden > Insects > Wasp and bee control [PAR] Social Wasps and Bees in the Upper Midwest [PAR] Jeff Hahn, Laura Jesse and Patrick Liesch [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Wasp is a general term referring to a group of related insects in the order Hymenoptera (wasps, bees and ants). Although some wasps are solitary, i.e. just one adult female per nest, this publication discusses social wasps, i.e. multiple individuals sharing one nest. Most social wasps belong to the family Vespidae (sometimes referred to as vespid wasps). There are three types of social wasps in the upper Midwest. Two groups, the yellowjackets and paper wasps, are very common. The third group, the true hornets, is not found in this area. Despite its name, a baldfaced hornet is actually a type of yellowjacket. [PAR] Similarly, there are social and solitary bees. The family Apidae contains some of the most familiar social bees. Honey bees and bumble bees are two commonly observed bees in the upper Midwest. Like social wasps, a colony will consist of many individual bees working together. [PAR] Wasps and bees are beneficial insects. Bees are particularly valuable because of their role in plant pollination, including many agricultural crops. Wasps also pollinate to a much lesser extent and are important because they feed on a wide range of insects, including many common garden pests. Both wasps and bees have the potential to sting although they will generally not bother people if they are left alone. [PAR] People often mistakenly call all stinging insects \"bees.\" While both social wasps and bees generally live in colonies with queens and workers, they look and behave differently. It is important to distinguish between these insects because different methods may be necessary to deal with them if they are encountered. [PAR] Identification [PAR] Yellowjackets, including baldfaced hornets (Vespula and Dolichovespula spp.) [PAR] Yellowjackets (Vespula sp.) are approximately 1/2 inch long (they range in size from 3/8 to 5/8 inch long), are bright yellow with black lines, spots, triangles or diamonds on their abdomen (figures 1, 11, 13, and 22). Different species have different color patterns (there are about 14 species of yellowjackets in the upper Midwest). The body is hard and shiny with few hairs. At rest the wings fold into a narrow strip atop the abdomen. Yellowjackets are often misidentified as honey bees; they can be most easily distinguished by the lack of body hairs and their brighter yellow coloration compared to the more golden brown coloration of honey bees. [PAR] Baldfaced hornets (Dolichovespula maculata) are large, black insects about 7/8 of an inch long with white to cream-colored markings on the front of the head and at the end of the abdomen (figure 2). [PAR] Jeff Hahn, University of Minnesota [PAR] Fig. 1 Typical yellowjacket [PAR] Jeff Hahn, University of Minnesota [PAR] Fig. 2 Baldfaced hornet [PAR] Paper wasps (Polistes spp.) [PAR] Paper wasps are slender with long legs that dangle beneath their bodies when they fly and measure from 1/2 to 1 inch long. They are generally brown with yellowish markings (figures 3 and 7). The European paper wasp (P. dominula) is a species that was introduced into the U.S. in the 1970's and found in the Midwest in the 2000's. European paper wasps are black and yellow in coloration and resemble yellowjackets (figures 4 and 17). [PAR] Jeff Hahn, University of Minnesota [PAR] Fig. 3 Typical paper wasp [PAR] Jeff"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Napoleon Bonaparte - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Napoleon Bonaparte - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Napoleon\u2019s Education and Early Military Career [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. He was the second of eight surviving children born to Carlo Buonaparte (1746-1785), a lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (1750-1836). Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was not wealthy. The year before Napoleon\u2019s birth, France acquired Corsica from the city-state of Genoa, Italy. Napoleon later adopted a French spelling of his last name. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1799, during Napoleon\u2019s military campaign in Egypt, a French soldier named Pierre Francois Bouchard (1772-1832) discovered the Rosetta Stone. This artifact provided the key to cracking the code of Egyptian hieroglyphics, a written language that had been dead for almost 2,000 years. [PAR] As a boy, Napoleon attended school in mainland France, where he learned the French language, and went on to graduate from a French military academy in 1785. He then became a second lieutenant in an artillery regiment of the French army. The French Revolution began in 1789, and within three years revolutionaries had overthrown the monarchy and proclaimed a French republic. During the early years of the revolution, Napoleon was largely on leave from the military and home in Corsica, where he became affiliated with the Jacobins, a pro-democracy political group. In 1793, following a clash with the nationalist Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (1725-1807), the Bonaparte family fled their native island for mainland France, where Napoleon returned to military duty. [PAR] In France, Napoleon became associated with Augustin Robespierre (1763-1794), the brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), a Jacobin who was a key force behind the Reign of Terror (1793-1794), a period of violence against enemies of the revolution. During this time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the army. However, after Robespierre fell from power and was guillotined (along with Augustin) in July 1794, Napoleon was briefly put under house arrest for his ties to the brothers. [PAR] In 1795, Napoleon helped suppress a royalist insurrection against the revolutionary government in Paris and was promoted to major general. [PAR] Napoleon\u2019s Rise to Power [PAR] Since 1792, France\u2019s revolutionary government had been engaged in military conflicts with various European nations. In 1796, Napoleon commanded a French army that defeated the larger armies of Austria, one of his country\u2019s primary rivals, in a series of battles in Italy. In 1797, France and Austria signed the Treaty of Campo Formio, resulting in territorial gains for the French. [PAR] The following year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed France since 1795, offered to let Napoleon lead an invasion of England. Napoleon determined that France\u2019s naval forces were not yet ready to go up against the superior British Royal Navy. Instead, he proposed an invasion of Egypt in an effort to wipe out British trade routes with India. Napoleon\u2019s troops scored a victory against Egypt\u2019s military rulers, the Mamluks, at the Battle of the Pyramids in July 1798; soon, however, his forces were stranded after his naval fleet was nearly decimated by the British at the Battle of the Nile in August 1798. In early 1799, Napoleon\u2019s army launched an invasion of Ottoman-ruled Syria, which ended with the failed siege of Acre, located in modern-day Israel. That summer, with the political situation in France marked by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cunning Napoleon opted to abandon his army in Egypt and return to France. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russia Fast Facts - Population, Flag, Visa, Religion Russia Fast Facts - Population, Flag, Visa, Religion [PAR] www.kremlin.ru CC-BY-3.0 [PAR] Country name [PAR] The official name for Russia is either Russian Federation or Russia. Both names are equal according to the Russian Constitution. In Russian script, they are spelled as \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f and \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f accordingly. [PAR] Capital city [PAR] The capital of Russia is Moscow, or \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 in Russian script. Moscow is the largest city in Russia. [PAR] Travel requirements [PAR] All foreigners visiting Russia need a valid passport and a visa. Citizens of some former Soviet republics don't need a Russian visa. The actual visa is issued in a Russian embassy or consulate in the country where you currently reside. Depending on the purpose of your visit, there are several types of Russian visa including Tourist visa, Business visa, Student visa, Personal (Private) visa, and Transit visa. [PAR] Location [PAR] Russia is located in the Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The territory of Russia lies between latitudes 41 degrees north and 82 degrees north, and longitudes 19 degrees east and 169 degrees west. [PAR] Area [PAR] Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of territory. Its total area is 17,075,400 square kilometres or 6,601,668 square miles. [PAR] Population [PAR] According to the 2010 Census, the population of Russia is 142,905,200. The population has been declining since it peaked at 148,689,000 in 1991. [PAR] Life expectancy [PAR] Life expectancy in Russia is 59 years for men and 73 years for women. [PAR] Monetary unit [PAR] The currency of Russia is called the ruble or rouble. One ruble is divided into 100 kopecks. 1 U.S. dollar equals approximately 30 rubles. Check the latest currency exchange rates here . [PAR] Religion [PAR] Russia is a multi-ethnic and multi-faith nation. Orthodox Christianity is Russia's largest religion with 75% of the population belonging to the Orthodox Christian denomination. Islam is professed by 5% of the population. Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism and Buddhism are professed by 1% of the population each. Other religious denominations represent 1% of the population, while 8% consider themselves atheists. Note: data is based on 2010 VCIOM survey results . [PAR] Flag [PAR] The Russian tricolour flag consists of three horizontal bands of equal height, displaying the country's national colours: white, blue, and red. The white band is positioned on the top, the blue in the middle, and the red on the bottom. [PAR] Official language [PAR] The official language of Russia is Russian. It is the only official language throughout the country. [PAR] Major cities [PAR] The largest Russian cities with the population greater than 1 million are Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Kazan, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa and Volgograd. [PAR] Climate [PAR] Continental climate is prevalent in European and Asian Russia. The climate is humid continental (summers are warm to hot and winters are cold) in the most populous areas in European Russia, south of West Siberia and in the south of the Russian Far East. The climate is subarctic (very cold winters and short, cool to mild summers) in Northern European Russia and Siberia. Winters are extremely severe in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia. Humid subtropical climate (hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters) is typical for the Black Sea coast, most notably Sochi. [PAR] Government [PAR] Russia is a federation and semi-presidential republic. The President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. [PAR] Voltage [PAR] Russia has 220 volt electricity and a \"Type C\" European CEE 7/16 Europlug electric plug. You"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Habitat faces job cuts in new home | Business | The Guardian Habitat faces job cuts in new home | Business | The Guardian [PAR] Home Retail [PAR] Habitat faces job cuts in new home [PAR] Owner of Argos and Homebase buys Habitat brand and flagship London stores \u2013 but rest of UK chain goes into administration [PAR] The Tottenham Court Road branch of the home furnishing store Habitat, now owned by Home Retail Group. Photograph: Sarah Lee for the Guardian [PAR] Home Retail [PAR] Habitat faces job cuts in new home [PAR] Owner of Argos and Homebase buys Habitat brand and flagship London stores \u2013 but rest of UK chain goes into administration [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Up to 700 high street jobs are likely to be axed after the owner of the Habitat confirmed that every store outside London was being put into administration \u2013 a move that will see the brand which revolutionised the furniture business in the 1960s disappear from the high street. [PAR] The owner of Argos has bought the Habitat brand in the UK and its three top London stores for \u00a324.5m, but the rest of the business is now threatened with closure. [PAR] Home Retail Group chief executive Terry Duddy said it had bought the rights to the furniture and accessories brand and the Habitat website but just three of its 33 stores. Only 150 of its 900 staff, including 50 from its 194-strong head office including the design team, would move over to work for the group, which also owns Homebase. [PAR] Restructuring firm Zolfo Cooper has been appointed to find buyers for the 30 unwanted stores which will continue to trade as usual for the time being. The company said all existing orders and all customer deposits were fully protected. [PAR] Duddy promised to preserve the quality of the retailer, which was started in the 1960s by design guru Sir Terence Conran as an antidote to the austere furniture of postwar Britain. \"There is no value in us doing anything to undermine this brand; it is about preserving its integrity,\" he said. [PAR] The Habitat brand with its \"style-led credentials\" and \"strong heritage\" was, he said, a significant addition to the group's portfolio of brands, which include Schreiber, Hygena, Alba and Bush. [PAR] Mary Portas , however, TV's \"Queen of Shops\" who was recently appointed by the prime minister to review the state of the UK's high streets, was less than impressed that the brand now belongs to Argos and Homebase. [PAR] She tweeted: \"Quelle horreur. One of our last brilliant British retailers Habitat has gone into administration. Part being bought by Homebase! OMG!\". She added: \"The thought of Homebase bodging up and running Habitat makes me want to weep \u2026 \" [PAR] Duddy said he did not know whether the deal had the blessing of Conran but said the design team was in contact with the founder recently and those conversations had been positive. [PAR] Habitat has struggled financially for many years: the shops were a breath of fresh air when they arrived on the high street, but its clever designs were mimicked by cheaper rivals and, by the late 1980s, it was in financial difficulties. [PAR] It was owned by Sweden's wealthy Kamprad family, whose patriarch Ingvar founded Ikea , for nearly 20 years, but even their expertise could not revive its fortunes and they paid restructuring firm Hilco a multimillion-pound dowry to take the loss-making business off their hands in December 2009. [PAR] In the most recent set of accounts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Liam Brickhill: Henry Olonga and Andy Flower make a stand ... Liam Brickhill: Henry Olonga and Andy Flower make a stand | Cricket Features | World Cup Timeline | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Comment [PAR] It was a defining image of the 2003 tournament: two players, one black, one white, risking their lives and careers by wearing black armbands to protest injustice [PAR] None of the other players in Zimbabwe's World Cup squad were in the know about Henry Olonga and Andy Flower's protest \u00a9 PA Photos [PAR] At 9.30am on February 10, 2003, politics and sport in Zimbabwe came crashing together. It was the morning of the first World Cup match Zimbabwe had ever hosted , against Namibia. [PAR] A historic occasion, though history has remembered it for reasons other than cricket. The actions of two men - Henry Olonga and Andy Flower - broke the false levy that had protected cricket in Zimbabwe from its wider context. Like Tommie Smith and John Carlos' Black Power salute at the 1968 Olympic Games, images of Flower and Olonga's black-armband protest have come to define the 2003 World Cup for many Zimbabweans. [PAR] The pair wore their armbands in every World Cup game they played, starting with the match against Namibia. They also released a statement to explain their actions, saying: \"In doing so we are mourning the death of democracy in our beloved Zimbabwe. In doing so we are making a silent plea to those responsible to stop the abuse of human rights in Zimbabwe. In doing so, we pray that our small action may help to restore sanity and dignity to our nation.\" [PAR] The potent symbolism expressed by them, one black cricketer and one white, immediately gripped the nation and elevated the emotional intensity of Zimbabwe's World Cup campaign. [PAR] The black-armband duo was, in fact, a trio. Olonga and Flower met with David Coltart, a lawyer and one of the founding members of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party, as they planned their protest. Coltart, who would later become Zimbabwe's Minister of Sport, was (and remains) a keen follower of Zimbabwean cricket. He helped the cricketers draft their statement, and came up with the idea of using black armbands to symbolise their protest. [PAR] February in Zimbabwe typically marks the tail-end of the rainy season, and though the rains had failed over much of the country in the preceding months, an armada of fluffy clouds rolled gently over Harare Sports Club as Zimbabwe motored past Namibia in rather less graceful fashion. [PAR] Inside the press box, events with ramifications far beyond the tree-lined rim of Harare Sports Club were taking place. Despite the political turmoil that had gripped the country since the turn of the millennium, Flower and Olonga's protest took the assembled sporting press very much by surprise, myself as much as anyone. [PAR] Probably more so, as I was a 19-year-old rookie journalist at my very first international cricket match, and a little too excited just to be there. I was writing for the Morning Star, a left-wing London rag. It was tanks rolling into Baghdad on their front page, and yours truly reporting from the World Cup on the back. [PAR] Flower and Olonga didn't ruin Zimbabwe's World Cup party; the circumstances in which the event took place meant that this would always be a time of sorrow, rather than celebration, for Zimbabwe [PAR] That morning, as I busied myself with at least trying to look like a real journalist, even if I wasn't one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ainmneacha na M\u00edonna i nGaeilge (Names of the Months in ... Ainmneacha na M\u00edonna i nGaeilge (Names of the Months in Irish) | Irish Language Blog [PAR] Ainmneacha na M\u00edonna i nGaeilge (Names of the Months in Irish) Posted by r\u00f3isl\u00edn on Sep 6, 2011 in Irish Language [PAR] (le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) [PAR] We\u2019ve discussed the Irish names of various months as this blog has continued, but this might be a good time to go over the liosta as a whole. [PAR] First let\u2019s look at \u201cMe\u00e1n F\u00f3mhair\u201d (September). By the way, if this is a new term for you, or if you\u2019re new to the list, please note that the \u201c-mh-\u201c in the middle of \u201cF\u00f3mhair\u201d is pronounced like a \u201cw,\u201d not like an \u201cm\u201d or like an \u201ch\u201d as they occur i mB\u00e9arla. The word rhymes approximately with \u201cmower\u201d or \u201crower\u201d (but not with \u201cbower\u201d or \u201ccower,\u201d a distinction that is due to the quirks of English spelling!). More pronunciation notes below. [PAR] Some of the months\u2019 names are readily translatable, with everyday meanings in Modern Irish. \u201cMe\u00e1n F\u00f3mhair\u201d means \u201cmiddle of (the) harvest-season.\u201d \u201cF\u00f3mhar\u201d (minus the \u201c-i-\u201c) is the Irish word for \u201charvest,\u201d \u201charvest-season,\u201d and for \u201cFall / Autumn.\u201d To say \u201cof the harvest\u201d (or \u201cof Fall\u201d or \u201cof Autumn\u201d), we insert the \u201c-i-\u201c before the final consonant. That\u2019s the same rule we follow for nouns like \u201cbord\u201d (table) and \u201ccapall\u201d (horse). \u201cOf a table\u201d is \u201cboird\u201d (as in mata boird, table-mat) and \u201cof a horse\u201d is \u201ccapaill\u201d (as in cr\u00fa capaill, horseshoe, shoe of a horse). In other words, it\u2019s the typical rule for first-declension nouns, as we\u2019ve seen in http://blogs.transparent.com/irish/an-chead-diochlaonadh-newts-frogs-and-for-easter-baskets/ . [PAR] \u201cMe\u00e1n\u201d means \u201cmiddle\u201d and can be translated by related words in English, like \u201caverage,\u201d \u201cmiddling,\u201d or \u201cintermediate\u201d). It shows up in words like \u201cme\u00e1nr\u00e1ta\u201d (average rate), \u201cme\u00e1nscoth\u201d (middling quality), \u201cme\u00e1nteistim\u00e9ireacht\u201d (intermediate certificate), and \u201cme\u00e1nscoil\u201d (but remember this is not the same as \u201cmiddle school\u201d in the American context). [PAR] We can discuss the meaning and structure of more of the months\u2019 names in future blogs, but for now, how about beag\u00e1n meaitse\u00e1la? Keep in mind that of the 12 months, I\u2019d say 5 are related to the Latin names (as the English versions are), 6 really reflect Celtic or specifically Irish roots, and one is a bit of both. [PAR] 1) M\u00e1rta a) January [PAR] 4) M\u00ed na Nollag d) April [PAR] 5) Deireadh F\u00f3mhair [DJERzh-uh FOH-irzh] e) May [PAR] 6) Meitheamh [MEH-uv] f) June [PAR] 7) Ean\u00e1ir g) July [PAR] 8)) Me\u00e1n F\u00f3mhair [myawn FOH-wirzh] h) August [PAR] 9) Feabhra [FyOW-ruh] i) September [PAR] 10) Bealtaine j) October [PAR] 12) M\u00ed na Samhna [mee nuh SOW-nuh] l) December [PAR] \u00c1dh m\u00f3r agus sin \u00e9 don bhlag seo. SGF, \u00f3 R\u00f3isl\u00edn [PAR] Freagra\u00ed: 1c, M\u00e1rta, March (Latin), 2h, L\u00fanasa, August (Irish/Celtic); 3g, I\u00fail, July (Latin); 4l, M\u00ed na Nollag, December (Latin and Irish), 5j, Deireadh F\u00f3mhair, October (Irish); 6f, Meitheamh, June (Celtic); 7a, Ean\u00e1ir, January (Latin); 8i, Me\u00e1n F\u00f3mhair, September (Irish); 9b, Feabhra, February (Irish); 10e, Bealtaine, May (Celtic); 11d, Aibre\u00e1n, April (Latin); 12k, M\u00ed na Samhna, November (Irish/Celtic) [PAR] Additional Pronunciation Notes: [PAR] Deireadh F\u00f3mhair [DJERzh-uh FOH-irzh]: the initial \u201cd\u201d is almost like an English \u201cj\u201d; the \u201czh\u201d superscript indicates a \u201cslender r,\u201d completely different from the letter \u201cr\u201d in English, and also quite different from the Irish \u201cbroad r,\u201d which is \u201cflapped.\u201d [PAR] Feabhra [FyOW-ruh]: the \u201c-eabh\u201d is like the \u201c-eabh\u201d in \u201cleabhar.\u201d If the word \u201cleabhar\u201d is new for you, consider the phrase \u201cLeabhar Power\u201d (as in www.leabharpower.com ), and that will give you the pronunciation of the \u201c-eabh.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crocus | The Flower Expert - Flowers Encyclopedia Crocus | The Flower Expert - Flowers Encyclopedia [PAR] Buy From OurStores [PAR] Crocus [PAR] The name of the genus is derived from the Latin adjective crocatus, meaning saffron yellow. Saffron is a spice derived from the flower of the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus), a species of crocus in the family Iridaceae. The word Crocus is Latin for Saffron. The flower's three stigmas (the distal ends of the plant's carpels, or female reproductive organs) and parts of its style (a stalk connecting the stigmas to the rest of the plant) are often dried and used in cooking as a seasoning and colouring agent. Crocus is the native of Southern Europe and Asia. [PAR] There are about 80 species of crocus, of which approximately 30 are cultivated. These cup-shaped, solitary, salverform flowers taper off into a narrow tube. Knowing this, it should not surprise you that Saffron comes from the stigma of the Saffron Crocus. But, it takes thousands of flowers to get an ounce of Saffron. Saffron, which has for decades been the world's most expensive spice by weight, is native to Southwest Asia. It was first cultivated in the vicinity of Greece. [PAR] Kingdom [PAR] Species [PAR] Crocus sativus [PAR] The spice saffron is obtained from the stamens of Crocus sativus, a fall-blooming species. The hay saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a sterile triploid plant, known in human culture only, with no fertile seeds produced. The origin of saffron is still a mist, however it is assumed to be an autopoliploid mutant or a hybrid. The recent classification and most of the former taxonomic publications define C. sativus to be derived from C. cartwrightianus, a wild species. Saffron is considered to be the worlds most expensive spice. The flower of Crocus sativa is a light purple, but it is the thread-like reddish colored stigma of the flower that is valued both as a spice and as a natural colorant. Saffron is hand harvested in the autumn, and the stigma is laboriously separated to yield the reddish colored spice. It takes in excess of 70,000 flowers to yield just one pound (0.45 kilo) of saffron spice. The odour of saffron is sometimes described as like the sea air. [PAR] Saffron is characterised by a bitter taste and an iodoform- or hay-like fragrance; these are caused by the chemicals picrocrocin and safranal. It also contains a carotenoid dye, crocin, that gives food a rich golden-yellow hue. These qualities make saffron a much sought-after ingredient in many foods worldwide. Saffron also has medicinal applications. [PAR] Facts About crocus Flowers [PAR] The word saffron originated from the 12th century Old French term safran, which derives from the Latin word safranum. Safranum is also related to the Italian zafferano and Spanish azafr?n. Safranum comes from the Arabic word asfar , which means yellow, via the paronymous za?faran , the name of the spice in Arabic. [PAR] In the Greco-Roman classical period (8th century BC to the 3rd century AD), the saffron harvest is first portrayed in the palace frescoes of Minoan Crete, which depict the flowers being picked by young girls and monkeys. [PAR] The best-known Greek legend involving saffron was that detailing the tragedy of Crocus and Smilax. [PAR] The people best known as growers of this bulb were the Minoans. The Minoans grew it throughout its range in the Aegean Sea and the parts of Asia Minor which they controlled. It was produced by crushing the dried stigmas of the flower for the powder. The stigma is the female part of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morse code - Crypto Museum Morse code [PAR] [PAR] Morse code [PAR] Morse code is a method for encoding text into a series of dashes and dots, that can be sent (transmitted) by means of sound, light or radio waves, and that can be decoded be a skilled listener without special equipment. The system is named after the American artist Samuel Finley Breese Morse [2] who co-developed an electrical telegraph system at the beginning of 1836 [1] . [PAR] [PAR] In his original design, Samuel Morse had only planned to use numbers (0-9). The code was later adapted for more general use by Alfred Vail, who added letters, special characters and punctuation marks to the code, in such a way that the most frequently used characters (in the English language) were represented by the shortest codes (e.g. the letter 'e' is a single dot). [PAR] In the early days, morse code was used to send short text messages over long distance by means of the so-called electrical telegraph via (long) wires. The transmitting operator used a morse key (switch) to turn the electric current on and off in the rithm of the morse codes. [PAR] [PAR] At the receiving end, the electric current engaged an electro-magnet, that would 'click' in the rithm of the morse signals. In most cases the codes were directly written to paper by attaching a pen to the electro-magnet, resulting in the original series of dots, dashes and spaces. The image below shows the word MESSAGE printed by a telegraph in morse code on a paper strip. [PAR] This way, a message could be recorded, even if the operator was not present at the receiving station. The dots and dashes were later translated into text again. Some operators were trained to recognize the 'clicks' of the electro-magnet, translate them to text and write them down directly. [PAR] [PAR] In the 1890s, morse code began to be used for radio communication as well, as it was not possible to transmit voice at the time. When used over radio, the dots and dashes are represented by a series of short and long tones, often called dits and dahs by the operators. [PAR] As morse code requires limited bandwidth, it was ideal for transmission via Short Wave Radio (HF). A skilled morse operator could still 'read' the text even if the signal was noisy and disturbed. Morse code was heavily used for (secret) transmissions during WWI and WWII. [PAR] [PAR] The image above shows former Dutch radio interceptor Louis van Erck using a wartime Type 3 Mk.II (B2) spy radio set, during a demonstration at Museum Jan Corver in November 2008, as part of the exhibition Secret Messages . Being an experienced radio operator, Louis is capable of smoothly adapting his sending speed to the skills of the operator at the other end. [PAR] Morse code remained popular during the major part of the Cold War, but was eventually replaced by other transmission methods. In the Navy, morse code was used as a backup measure for many years, with the well known SOS \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7 --- \u00b7\u00b7\ufffd being internationally recognized as an emergency signal. Today, morse code is no longer officially used, but it remains relatively popular with radio amateurs (HAMs), although it is no longer mandatory for a HAM Radio Licence is most countries, including the US and most European countries. For most people it is rather easy to learn . [PAR] [PAR] Direction Finding (DF) [PAR] As it takes relatively long to send a message in morse code, transmitting stations, such as WWII clandestine agents ,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] September 1950 - Free Content Articles Encyclopedia September 1950 - Free Content Articles Encyclopedia [PAR] September 1950 [PAR] The following events occurred in September 1950: [PAR] Contents [PAR] September 1 , 1950 (Friday) [PAR] The Federal Communications Commission released a statement that it favored the CBS technology for color television broadcasting. The FCC said also that the other two proposed systems (by RCA and by Color Television Incorporated) \"fell short\" of the FCC requirements, and recommended television set manufacturers to build sets that could receive both the CBS system and standard black-and-white analog signals. [1] Television manufacturers declined to make sets that accommodated the CBS system, and eventually a different system by RCA would become the industry standard. [2] [PAR] Mao Zedong , the Chairman of China's Communist Party, gave a public warning that the People's Republic of China would not tolerate an invasion of any of its neighbors, which included North Korea. [3] [PAR] Both houses of the United States Congress passed the doctors' draft Bill, authorizing any physician under the age of 50 to be inducted into the U.S. armed forces, but with priority on residents and interns. [4] [5] [PAR] John Crabb, a 59-year-old immigrant from Denmark, was freed from the Topeka State Hospital, where he had been held since 1930 after being mistakenly adjudged insane. Crabb's confinement was blamed on his inability to clearly speak English and his bad temper. He was finally freed by the efforts of several insurance executives who spoke the Danish Language, and returned to Denmark. [6] [PAR] September 2 , 1950 (Saturday) [PAR] Israel forcibly relocated 4,000 Bedouin from its territory to its border with Egypt , and send them into the Sinai Peninsula . [7] [PAR] September 3 , 1950 (Sunday) [PAR] The sale of \" Israel bonds \" was proposed by Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion as a means for getting immediate funds for the two-year-old Jewish nation. [8] [PAR] Communist China's Prime Minister Zhou Enlai sent word to the United Nations and the United States, by way of K. N. Panikkar (India's Ambassador to Beijing), that China would intervene in the Korean War if U.S. forces invaded North Korea. [3] [PAR] September 4 , 1950 (Monday) [PAR] The comic strip Beetle Bailey , created by Mort Walker, made its debut in 12 newspapers. In the first strip, \"Beetle\" began his first day as a student at \"Rockview University\", arriving with only his toothbrush. On March 12, 1951, Beetle would go to a U.S. Army recruiting station, begin a new career, and his strip would soar in popularity. [9] [10] [PAR] The first NASCAR 500-mile race was held, as the Southern 500 took place at Darlington Raceway , at Darlington, South Carolina . Johnny Mantz won the event, which attracted 75 cars. [11] [PAR] A Soviet Air Force bomber was shot down, off of the coast of North Korea, by two U.S. Navy fighter planes, after reportedly firing at UN naval forces. All of the crewmen on the downed aircraft were killed, while two other bombers escaped. [12] [PAR] The U.S. Fifth Air Force carried out the first rescue of a downed American pilot from behind enemy lines. [13] [PAR] Died: Max Davidson , 75, German-born American silent film comedian [PAR] September 5 , 1950 (Tuesday) [PAR] Syria adopted its first Constitution, proclaiming itself a \"Sovereign Arab Republic\", providing for a democratically-elected government and declaring that \"Islamic law shall be the main source of legislation\". [14] [PAR] Died: Al Killian , 33, American jazz trumpet player, after being shot to death by his landlord [PAR] September 6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phobia Chapter 38: Aurophobia, an Inuyasha - FanFiction.Net Phobia Chapter 38: Aurophobia, an Inuyasha + Anime X-overs Crossover fanfic | FanFiction [PAR] Male: Thorin [PAR] She hated it, despised it, and feared it. [PAR] It had torn apart her kingdom, drove their king mad with lust for it. It had called that damned dragon and he had come lured in by its siren song. [PAR] Gold. [PAR] Just the thought of the overly shiny pieces of scrap metal made her hair bristle and her face set into a deep scowl. She wouldn't even carry the damnable gold coins. No, if she could she would live the rest of her life without touching the damn stuff. [PAR] So as Biblo held the small sack out to her,a smile on his innocent face, she could only glare and back away from him. \"No, give it to anyone else. Just not me.\" The quiver of fear in her voice made him frown as he looked around at their companions in confusion, they all gave him an unreadable look. [PAR] Thorin sighed, wishing Gandalf had informed Bilbo of Kagome's...aversion of gold. The female dwarf was a cable warrior and to be honest an ideal dwarven female, her only flaw was her fear of gold. A fear he secretly harbored deep down, for he did not want to subcome to the same sickness his father had. Not that she would let him. [PAR] So it was with a sigh that he snatched the bag of gold from Bilbo's hand and shoved it in his pocket. Grunting a thanks as he shoved past Bilbo to go comfort Kagome. [PAR] Gandalf merely gave a chuckle as Bilbo looked to him in confusion. \"Dwarven mating rituals.\" He gaffled as those around him grumbled in annoyance but didn't say anything to dispute it. Maybe they were taking the hazing of their hobbit a bit too far? [PAR] < Prev [PAR] Next >[DOC] [TLE] Lottery-Syndicate-AuroPhobia Lottery-Syndicate-AuroPhobia [PAR] Part 3 [PAR] Joining a Lottery Syndicate \u2013 Will It Cure Your Fear of Gold? [PAR] In many instances, the idea of joining a lottery syndicate is seen as a potentially profitable one by most people. Those of us who suffer from ailments such as aurophobia, however, may often incline to disagree with this, as a result of various negative beliefs revolving around wealth and gold. [PAR] Aurophobia \u2013 the Fear of Gold [PAR] Put simply, aurophobia is an irrational fear of gold \u2013 either because of its appearance or meaning \u2013 often caused by a childhood trauma or a constant reinforcement of a belief revolving around gold. These can also apply to other sources of wealth such as money, business endeavors or virtually anything that could symbolize wealth. [PAR] Now, each case of aurophobia is different. You might have a fear of gold due to negative beliefs about the metal being \u201cevil\u201d which were passed down through generation, or you may simply have bought into the fact that gold means trouble because of hearing stories during your childhood about greedy individuals killing each other for gold bars back in the Wild West. [PAR] Reasons why Winning the Lottery Might Help [PAR] There are many ways in which joining a lottery syndicate \u2013 and especially winning the lottery \u2013 can help you get rid of your fear of gold. Here are a few of the main reasons why you may rely on your winnings getting you cured of such a problem: [PAR] \uf0b7 Aurophobia is many times similar to the fear of wealth. Splitting the winnings with a group of individuals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indecent Proposal (1993) - IMDb Indecent Proposal (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A millionaire offers $1,000,000 to a young married couple for a night with the wife. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 05 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 12 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 30 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Search for \" Indecent Proposal \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 7 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A computer specialist is sued for sexual harassment by a former lover turned boss who initiated the act forcefully, which threatens both his career and his personal life. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] A New York suburban couple's marriage goes dangerously awry when the wife indulges in an adulterous fling. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] A married man's one-night stand comes back to haunt him when that lover begins to stalk him and his family. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] A stripper and single mother gets dragged into a dangerous situation after a congressman takes a fancy to her. [PAR] Director: Andrew Bergman [PAR] A violent, suspended police detective investigates a brutal murder, in which a manipulative and seductive woman could be involved. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] A remake of the Alfred Hitchcock classic Dial M for Murder (1954). [PAR] Director: Andrew Davis [PAR] Carly Norris is a book editor living in New York City who moves into the Sliver apartment building. In the apartment building, Carly meets two of her new neighbors, author Jack Lansford who... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] A woman gets involved in an impersonal affair with a man. She barely knows about his life, only about the sex games they play, so the relationship begins to get complicated. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] After a young man is murdered, his spirit stays behind to warn his lover of impending danger, with the help of a reluctant psychic. [PAR] Director: Jerry Zucker [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A young couple very much in love are married and have started their respective careers, she as a real estate broker, he as an architect. She finds the perfect spot to build his dream house, and they get loans to finance it. When the recession hits, they stand to lose everything they own, so they go to Vegas to have one shot at winning the money they need. After losing at the tables, they are approached by a millionaire who offers them a million dollars for a night with the wife. Though the couple agrees that this is a way out of their financial dilemma, it threatens to destroy their relationship. Written by Ed Sutton <esutton@mindspring.com> [PAR] A husband. A wife. A millionaire. A proposal [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for sexuality and language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 7 April 1993 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Ein unmoralisches Angebot See"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] City of Tombstone v. United States | Cato Institute City of Tombstone v. United States | Cato Institute [PAR] City of Tombstone v. United States [PAR] By Ilya Shapiro [PAR] March 29, 2013 [PAR] Tombstone, Arizona is sitting on a tinderbox waiting to ignite because the federal government is blocking plans to restore the town\u2019s critical water infrastructure. Water lines have long connected this desert town with springheads and reservoirs located on federally owned land, but a 2011 forest fire, followed by monsoon rains, led to massive mudslides and rock falls that shut off the city\u2019s source of water. Arizona declared a state of emergency and jump-started municipal efforts to regain access to the community\u2019s lifeblood. Despite this precarious situation, the U.S. Forest Service has stonewalled the city, preventing workers from using mechanized equipment to reconstruct the water system. The lower courts having denied it relief, Tombstone (represented by the Goldwater Institute) is now seeking Supreme Court review. Cato has joined a coalition of Western-state public policy foundations \u2014 the Rio Grande Foundation, Montana Policy Institute, Idaho Freedom Foundation, and Grassroot Institute of Hawaii \u2014 to file an amicus brief that urges the Court to consider the serious questions raised when the federal government uses its vast land holdings to prevent states or their political subdivisions from exercising essential functions reserved to them under the Tenth Amendment. While the Property Clause grants Congress the power to make rules and regulations for federally owned land, this authority, like every enumerated federal power, is limited by our fundamental principles of federalism. In the 1987 case of California Coastal Community v. Granite Rock Company, the Supreme Court allowed a state to regulate private uses of federal land to further environmental goals. If anything, Tombstone\u2019s interests here are even stronger: restoring its municipal water supply, responding to emergencies, and protecting the life, safety, and property of its residents. Indeed, state sovereignty means very little if a federal agency can place a municipality\u2019s existence under such great jeopardy. The Court should grant review because Tombstone\u2019s ability to access federal land to repair its water infrastructure is a traditional government function reserved to the states and should not be trumped by federal authority under the Property Clause. [PAR] Read the Full Legal Brief[DOC] [TLE] Tombstone | Arizona, United States | Britannica.com Tombstone | Arizona, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] Arizona, United States [PAR] Washington, D.C. [PAR] Tombstone, city, Cochise county, southeastern Arizona , U.S. The site was ironically named by Ed Schieffelin, who discovered silver there in 1877 after being told that all he would find would be his tombstone. (An alternative account holds that the townsite was named for the granite rocks of the nearby Dragoon Mountains, which stand out against the landscape like tombstones.) By 1881 a silver rush had set in, bringing an estimated 7,000 people to the area. Along with the prospectors came adventurers and outlaws, among whom were Wyatt Earp , John H. \u201cDoc\u201d Holliday , and Johnny Ringo , whereupon Tombstone gained a reputation for lawlessness. Feuds were common, the most notable being the gun battle at the O.K. Corral in 1881 between the Earp and Clanton families. The boom days quickly ended in 1911 with floodwaters in the mines, labour strikes, and low silver prices. Tombstone was the county seat from 1881 to 1931. Now a tourist centre, it retains a pioneer atmosphere and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962. Restored sites include Boot Hill Cemetery, Bird Cage Theater, the O.K. Corral, and the Tombstone Epitaph (newspaper, 1880) office. Inc. 1881. Pop. (2000) 1,504; (2010)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthony Eden - Spartacus Educational Anthony Eden [PAR] Anthony Eden [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] Anthony Eden [PAR] Anthony Eden, the son of Sir William Eden, the High Sheriff of Durham , was born at Windlestone Hall , near Bishop Auckland , on 12th June, 1897. Eden, like his father and grandfather, was educated at Eton . He hoped to go to Sandhurst before joining the British Army , but was rejected because of his poor eyesight. [PAR] With the outbreak of the First World War the British Army reduced its entry standards, and Eden was able to obtain a commission in the King's Royal Rifle Corps . Soon after Lieutenant Eden arrived in France in June 1916, he heard that his sixteen year old brother, Nicholas Eden, had been killed when the Indefatigable had been sunk at the Battle of Jutland . [PAR] Eden served on the Western Front and won the Military Cross at the Battle of the Somme in 1916. After one attack at at Delville Wood , Eden's he battalion suffered 394 casualties, of whom 127 were killed. Nearly all the junior officers were either dead or badly wounded and as a result Eden was promoted to adjutant. By the time the war ended, Eden had reached the rank of major. [PAR] After the war Eden was undecided about whether to stay in the army. He eventually selected a career in politics and in the 1923 General Election won Warwick & Leamington for the Conservative Party . Three years later he was appointed parliamentary private secretary to Austin Chamberlain at the Foreign Office. A post he held until the government lost power at the 1929 General Election . [PAR] In the National Government formed by Ramsay MacDonald in 1931, Eden became Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs (1931-34). When Stanley Baldwin became prime minister in 1935 he appointed Eden as his Foreign Secretary. Henry (Chips) Channon commented: \"He has had a meteoric rise, young Anthony. I knew him well at Oxford, where he was mild, aesthetic, handsome, cultivated and interested in the East - now at thirty-eight he is Foreign Secretary. There is hardly a parallel in our history. I wish him luck; I like him; but I have never had an exaggerated opinion of his brilliance, though his appearance is magnificent.\" [PAR] Eden disagreed with Neville Chamberlain about the way to deal with fascism . Duff Cooper reported in his autobiography, Old Men Forget (1953): \"I had been glad when Eden had become Foreign Secretary and I had always given him my support in Cabinet when he needed it. I believed that he was fundamentally right on all the main problems of foreign policy, that he fully understood how serious was the German menace and how hopeless the policy of appeasement. Not being, however, a member of the Foreign Policy Committee, I was ignorant of how deep the cleavage of opinion between him and the Prime Minister had become. It is much to his credit that he abstained from all lobbying of opinion and sought to gain no adherents either in the Cabinet or the House of Commons.\" [PAR] Eden eventually resigned from the government on the issue of appeasement . In a speech given in the House of Commons on 21st February, 1938, he argued: \"I do not believe that we can make progress in European appeasement if we allow the impression to gain currency abroad that we yield to constant pressure. I am certain in my own mind that progress depends above all on the temper of the nation, and that tmper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fanny by Gaslight definition/meaning - Omnilexica Fanny by Gaslight definition/meaning [PAR] (71 years ago) [PAR] Writings [PAR] \"Fanny by Gaslight\" is the best known novel of Michael Sadleir . Written in 1940 and filmed in 1944, it is a fictional exploration of prostitution in Victorian London. In 1981 it was turned into a four-part BBC television series Fanny by Gaslight with Chloe Salaman in the title role. [PAR] genre: Fiction [PAR] Miscellanea [PAR] Fanny by Gaslight is a British drama television series, which originally aired on the BBC between 24 September and 9 October 1981. It was an adaptation of the novel Fanny by Gaslight by Michael Sadleir, which had previously been adapted into a film Fanny by Gaslight in 1944. The series was adapted by Anthony Steven, directed by Peter Jefferies and produced by Joe Waters. Chloe Salaman plays the title role of Fanny Hooper, a young woman who is orphaned and faced with hardship in Victorian London. [PAR] begun on [PAR] Printed dictionaries and other books with definitions for Fanny by Gaslight [PAR] Click on a title to look inside that book (if available): [PAR] The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History (2011) [PAR] by William D. Rubinstein, Michael Jolles, Hilary L. Rubinstein [PAR] film producer, ran Gainsborough Studios from 1937\u201346, when it produced a number ofwell-known British films, including Fanny By Gaslight and The Wicked Lady. Previously a director ... [PAR] The Home Front Encyclopedia (2007) [PAR] United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II by James Ciment, Thaddeus Russell [PAR] Fanny by Gaslight (1944), and The Wicked Lady (1945) were romantic and sexual \u201cbodice rippers\u201d featuring empowered, hedonistic women and evil men, usually played, respectively, by Margaret ... [PAR] Dictionary of Film Makers (1972) [PAR] by Georges Sadoul, Peter Morris [PAR] Asquith's Pygmalion*, Fanny by Gaslight, Gabriel Pascal's Major Barbara, Caesar and Cleopatra*, David Lean's Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, The Passionate Friends, Madeleine, Albert ... [PAR] Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Fanny by Gaslight [PAR] Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic: [PAR] Share this page [PAR] This page was last modified on 3 July 2016. [PAR] Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License ; additional terms may apply. See Copyright for details.[DOC] [TLE] Fanny by gaslight. (Book, 1940) [WorldCat.org] Fanny by gaslight. (Book, 1940) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] The E-mail message field is required. Please enter the message. [PAR] E-mail Message: [PAR] I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/356138 Title: Fanny by gaslight. Author: Michael Sadleir Publisher: New York, London, D. Appleton-Century Co. [\u00a91940] OCLC:356138 [PAR] The ReCaptcha terms you entered were incorrect. Please try to match the 2 words shown in the window, or try the audio version."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC History - Henry VIII BBC History - Henry VIII [PAR] Henry VIII [PAR] Henry VIII [PAR] Henry VIII is one of the most famous kings in English history. He was the second Tudor monarch and was well-known for having six wives. His break with the papacy in Rome established the Church of England and began the Reformation. [PAR] Image: Henry VIII (1491\u20131547) by Hans Holbein the younger (Getty Images) [PAR] More information about: Henry VIII [PAR] Henry, the second son of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, was born on 28 June 1491 at Greenwich Palace. After the death of his elder brother Arthur in 1502, Henry became heir to the English throne. [PAR] King of England [PAR] When Henry VII died in 1509, this popular eighteen-year-old prince, known for his love of hunting and dancing, became King Henry VIII. Soon after he obtained the papal dispensation required to allow him to marry his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. [PAR] In the first years of his reign Henry VIII effectively relied on Thomas Wolsey to rule for him, and by 1515 Henry had elevated him to the highest role in government: Lord Chancellor. [PAR] In 1521 Pope Leo X conferred the title of Defender of the Faith on Henry for his book 'Assertio Septem Sacramentorum', which affirmed the supremacy of the Pope in the face of the reforming ideals of the German theologian, Martin Luther. [PAR] Military might [PAR] Henry VIII's early military campaigns began when he joined Pope Julius II's Holy League against France in 1511. Wolsey proved himself to be an outstanding minister in his organisation of the first French campaign and while the Scots saw this war as an opportunity to invade England, they were defeated at Flodden in 1513. However war with France ultimately proved expensive and unsuccessful. [PAR] Henry VIII is known as the 'father of the Royal Navy.' When he became king there were five royal warships. By his death he had built up a navy of around 50 ships. He refitted several vessels with the latest guns including the Mary Rose, which sank in 1545. [PAR] Henry also built the first naval dock in Britain at Portsmouth and in 1546 he established the Navy Board. This set up the administrative machinery for the control of the fleet. [PAR] A male heir [PAR] Henry was acutely aware of the importance of securing a male heir during his reign. He was worried that he had only one surviving child, Mary, to show for his marriage to Catherine, who was now in her 40s. So the king asked Cardinal Wolsey to appeal to Pope Clement VII for an annulment and it soon became clear he wanted to marry Anne Boleyn, who had been a lady-in-waiting to his first wife. [PAR] But, unwilling to anger Catherine of Aragon's nephew \u2013 the most powerful ruler in Europe, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V \u2013 the Pope refused. Thomas Wolsey's ascendancy was cut short by this failure. [PAR] In 1533, Henry VIII broke with the church and married the now pregnant Anne Boleyn in a secret ceremony. Henry was excommunicated by the Pope. The English reformation had begun. [PAR] Head of the Church [PAR] After Wolsey's downfall, Thomas Cromwell became Henry's chief minister and earned the confidence of the King by helping him to break with Rome and establish Henry VIII as head of the Church of England. This act also brought him much needed wealth through the dissolution of the well-funded monasteries. Over four years Cromwell ordered that 800 monasteries be disbanded and their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jasmund National Park, Ancient Beech Forests of Germany Jasmund National Park, Ancient Beech Forests of Germany [PAR] Michael Turtle | 7 Comments [PAR] Ancient Beech Forests of Germany [PAR] Do you ever wonder what the world would look like if humans hadn\u2019t developed large parts of it? In Europe, nature never really had a chance at continuing its dominance of the landscapes. But if we had left it alone, it would have been the beech trees that would have conquered the continent. [PAR] Beech trees are quite predatory by nature because their leaf canopies block the sunlight almost completely. This means that it\u2019s difficult for other plants to grow underneath them and only certain non-threatening species can survive in the beech forests. For this reason, they were able to spread quickly and took over the European continent. [PAR] The centre of these forests was in Germany and the beech trees were the original native vegetation after the last Ice Age. It\u2019s here that you can get your best glimpse today at the trees as they once were. Be warned, though, there\u2019s not much left. Because the wood is great for fires and construction and the land on which they grew was needed for development, the beech forests been reduced to just 0.02% of their original size in the past two centuries. [PAR] In order to preserve what is left of the beech trees, much of the remaining forest has been protected by the German government \u2013 and has now been given heritage listing by UNESCO. Five specific reserves in the country have been declared part of the World Heritage Site \u2013 Jasmund National Park, the Serrahn section of M\u00fcritz National Park, Grumsin Forest, Hainich National Park and Kellerward-Edersee National Park. [PAR] Despite the shadowlands that beech trees create under their canopies, more than 10,000 other species of plants, animals and fungi can be found in the forests that remain. It\u2019s for this reason that they\u2019re not just significant, but fascinating to visit. [PAR] Visiting the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany [PAR] All five of the protected areas in Germany offer a variety of experiences. From the white cliffs and coastal breeze of Jasmund National Park through to the inland mountain ranges of Kellerward-Edersee National Park. [PAR] There are hiking trails and recreation facilities in all the parks and some of them have modern and informative visitor centres with detailed information about the remaining beech trees and the forests that once covered the country. [PAR] One of the best information centres is at Jasmund National Park \u2013 and this is the one I visited. It has an excellent video presentation and a detailed museum with facts and figures about the forests. There are also guided tours and talks from local experts. [PAR] Location"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ocean's 11 (1960) - IMDb Ocean's 11 (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Danny Ocean gathers a group of his World War II compatriots to pull off the ultimate Las Vegas heist. Together the eleven friends plan to rob five Las Vegas casinos in one night. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 08 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 11 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 04 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 03 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Search for \" Ocean's 11 \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Eleven friends who know each other from World War II service plan to rob five of the biggest casinos in Las Vegas in one night. They develop a master plan but after the whole thing is over, something goes wrong... Written by Harald Mayr <marvin@bike.augusta.de> [PAR] That Big One!! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 10 August 1960 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Right after the heist when Sheriff Wimmer is interrogating a possible witness over the phone, the uncredited voice on the other end of the line is that of George Fenneman , better known as the announcer on such TV game shows as You Bet Your Life (1950) and Tell It to Groucho (1962). See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Although Red Norvo accompanies Sam in the lounge at the Sahara, his name is on the marquee at the Sands. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Danny Ocean : Where they serve the drinks. [PAR] Lift attendant: To the bar. [PAR] The Rat Pack in a pretty amusing heist romp movie [PAR] 12 October 2005 | by ma-cortes [PAR] (Santander Spain) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] The picture talks about the biggest robbery of all . Spyros Acebos (Akim Tamiroff) pulls off a scheme introducing the plans for a new business venture : simultaneously burgle five casinos in Las Vegas as Sahara , Flamingo , Golden Nugget , Riveira and Desert Inn . He agrees with Danny Ocean (Frank Sinatra) backed by a motley and eclectic gang to execute it , formed by 11 pals ( Dean Martin, Peter Lawford, Sammy Davis, Richard Conte , Norman Fell, Richard Benedict..). The crew back in action , now veterans , after fighting in Second World War at 82nd Airbone division as paratroopers . We wouldn't call it a special group just Danny Ocean and his buddies , the night they blew up all the light , shutting off the electricity in Las Vegas . Millions dollars are taken from the casinos . But the elaborated plan itself goes wrong . They encounter complications when an investigator (Cesar Romero) discovers the tracks . This adaptation achieves one of the greatest entertainments of the history of motion pictures . We never met a band like Ocean's eleven . [PAR] From the beginning until the end the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National, Native and other Popular Flowers of Iran - The ... National, Native and other Popular Flowers of Iran - The Flower Expert - Flowers Encyclopedia [PAR] National, Native and Popular Flower of Iran [PAR] National Flower of Iran [PAR] Being the most popular flower world-wide, both because of its beauty and exceptional fragrances, Red Rose (Rosa) is the National Flower of Iran. Popularly Rose is known as the flower of love, if you rearrange the letters of the word rose you get Eros, the God of Love. However The Queen of Flowers, Tulip also serves as the flower emblem for Iran. [PAR] Other native and popular Flowers of Iran [PAR] Being a vast land with very varied climatic conditions, Iran is one of the largest producers of ornamental flowers in the world. Estimates suggest that Iran ranks 17th worldwide in terms of total area under cultivation of decorative flowers. Roses, Tulips, Fritillaria, Poppy, Pittosporum flowers, are the natives of the country while some of the flowers grown here are Bird Of Paradise, Cactus, Calendula, Carnation, Forsythia, Hyacinth, Iris, Zinnia , Daisies, Maryam, Orchids, Sunflowers, and Inverted Tulip which grows abundantly on the slopes of Zardkooh (Yellow Mountain).This flower is unique to Iran. [PAR] Iran is probably the most intense flower giving nation, since ancient times they have had a custom of giving flowers for various occasions. While choosing the flowers they give utmost important to the meaning conveyed by that particular flower. Roses, Gerberas, tulips, Alsteromeria , Iris, Chrysanthemum and orchids are very popular among Iranians. [PAR] from our stores - Pickupflowers - the flower expert [PAR] Online Florists Iran [PAR] A few of the major online florists who cater to Iran are PickupFlowers and Otlobward, Otlobward Florist offers a wide range of thoughtful gift products including flowers, balloons, cards, candles, candies, gift baskets and other unique items. For a list of Iran florists who do business online, please visit our page on Online Florists in Iran . [PAR] Send Flowers to Iran [PAR] The Flower Expert has arrived at a few parameters on which florists can be compared so that the customers can select a good florist who suits their needs. You can go through the comparative analysis of the top florists presented in this table. This comprehensive table will help you decide which florist gives the best service when you want to send flowers to Iran. [PAR] Facts about Iran [PAR] Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, formerly known internationally as Persia, is a Southwest Asian country located in the geographical territories of the Middle East and Southern Asia. [PAR] Iran is the 18th largest country in the world, slightly larger than the United Kingdom and Germany combined. It has a population of over seventy million people. [PAR] Iran is the second-largest oil producer among the member nations of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, with oil as a leading export. [PAR] Most of the Iranians are Muslims; 95% belong to the Shia branch of Islam, the official state religion, and about 4% belong to the Sunni branch, which predominates in neighboring Muslim countries. Non-Muslim minorities include Zoroastrians, Jews, Bahais, and Christians. [PAR] Subscribe [PAR] Get 10% off on pickupflowers.com [PAR] explore[DOC] [TLE] Persian Flower Names | Garden Guides Persian Flower Names | Garden Guides [PAR] Persian Flower Names [PAR] Submit [PAR] Persia is also known as Iran, which is located in western Asia. Persia's climate ranges dramatically from arid to subtropical. The landscape has rugged mountain ranges and dense rainforests. This range of climates makes Iran an excellent place for a wide"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mandible Anatomy, Definition & Function | Body Maps Mandible Anatomy, Definition & Function | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Mandible [PAR] The mandible, or lower jaw, is the bone that forms the lower part of the skull, and along with the maxilla (upper jaw), forms the mouth structure. Movement of the lower jaw opens and closes the mouth and also allows for the chewing of food. The lower set of teeth in the mouth is rooted in the lower jaw. [PAR] Four different muscles connect to the lower jaw to facilitate its movement. These muscles are the masseter, the temporalis, the medial pterygoid, and the lateral pterygoid. Each of these muscles occurs in pairs, with one of each muscle appearing on either side of the skull. The muscles work in combination to pivot the lower jaw up and down and to allow movement of the jaw from side to side. [PAR] Fractures to this bone may be minor or severe, with more severe fractures requiring the jaw to be wired shut to prevent movement during healing. Other injuries and infections that can affect the lower jaw include tendinitis, infections stemming from tooth decay or other tooth injuries, and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD), which causes painful swelling where the mandible meets the cheekbone."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did you know - Scottish Music Hall & Variety Theatre Society Did you know - Scottish Music Hall & Variety Theatre Society [PAR] Scottish Music Hall & Variety Theatre Society [PAR] Interesting facts from the Scottish Music Hall and Variety Theatre [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" [PAR] At the turn of the last Century, Glasgow boasted at having approximately 26 Theatres in the City. Today the City only has six main Theatres left, The Kings, Pavilion, Theatre Royal, Mitchell, Tron and the Citizens. Those were the days!!!!! [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" [PAR] Music Hall Artist Mark Sheridan appeared in four Panto seasons in Glasgow at the Theatre Royal. They were: [PAR] 1895-96 Sinbad the Sailor with Marie Loftus. [PAR] 1898-99 Cinderella with Evie Green. [PAR] 1901-02 Dick Whittington starring Mark Sheridan. [PAR] 1907-08 Babes In The Wood with Harry Conlin. [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" [PAR] During the recent demolition of the former STV Studios in Cowcaddens, the stone rectangular proscenium of the Alexandra Music Hall built in 1867 for James Baylis as part of the complex of buildings of his Royal Colosseum and Opera House has been found. An article on this find will feature in the December edition of STAGEDOOR. [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" [PAR] Ronnie Coburn and his cast from \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdA Breath of Scotland\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd have the nickname \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdCoburn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Commandos\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. In the 45 year history of the show, casts have been rescued by Helicopter from 50ft snowdrifts in Labrador and blown of the highway by horrendous storms. One year the cast once woke up in the morning to find their hotel buried in 30ft of snow and they have also been known to form human chains to get from the bus to the motel due to seriously high winds. A commando course indeed. [PAR] There\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds no business like show business! [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" The Alhambra Theatre, Glasgow staged a Royal Variety performance on the night of the 3 July 1958. The cast included Alec Finlay, Rikki Fulton, Margo Henderson, Clark and Murray, Jimmy Logan, Kenneth McKellar, Jack Radcliffe, Alistair McHarg, Tommy Morgan, Stanley Baxter, Jimmy Shand and his Band and the Glasgow Police Pipe Band. [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" In the 1920\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds, Sir Harry Lauder was commanded to give a special performance in front of King George and Queen Mary at Balmoral Castle. After the performance, Sir Harry was presented with two silver framed signed photographs from their Majesties. [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" Daily Record 3rd May 1955: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Spring Show: [PAR] Every week in every way, we\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre getting better and better. If that\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds the Spring Show company slogan for their season at the Pavilion, they\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre certainly living up to it. Jack Anthony, and Chic Murray and Maidie are tops in this week\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds better than ever edition. Chic Murray enhances his growing reputation with his novel form of comedy.\"DID YOU KNOW!\" The 1956/57 choice of pantomimes in Glasgow included: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdPuss in Boots\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd with Jack Milroy at the Pavilion Theatre, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWe\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre Joking\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, with Chic Murray, Duncan Macrae, Jack Anthony and Robert Wilson at the Empire Theatre, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdRobinson Crusoe\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd with Harry Gordon and Jack Radcliffe at the Theatre Royal, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdScotland the Brave\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd with Clark and Murray at the Metropole Theatre and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBabes in the Wood\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, with Jimmy Logan, Rikki Fulton and Kenneth McKellar at the Alhambra Theatre. [PAR] \"DID YOU KNOW!\" [PAR] Wartime entertainment in Glasgow remained unchanged during Christmas of 1940 when no fewer than seven first class pantos were being presented. Glasgow was the only city in Britain which had an unaltered Christmas Entertainment Season. Among the pantos running that year are \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBabes in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson - Music Producer, Dancer, Songwriter, Singer Michael Jackson - Music Producer, Dancer, Songwriter, Singer - Biography.com [PAR] Michael Jackson [PAR] Michael Jackson enjoyed a chart-topping career both with the Jackson 5 and as a solo artist. He released the best-selling album in history, 'Thriller,' in 1982. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cBeing onstage is magic. There's nothing like it. You feel the energy of everybody who's out there. You feel it all over your body.\u201d [PAR] \u201cBeing an entertainer, you just can't tell who is your friend.\u201d [PAR] \u201cBeing mobbed hurts. You feel like you're spaghetti among thousands of hands. They're just ripping you and pulling your hair. And you feel that any moment you're gonna just break.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI hate to take credit for the songs I've written. I feel that somewhere, someplace, it's been done and I'm just a courier bringing it into the world. I really believe that. I love what I do. I'm happy at what I do. It's escapism.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWhy can't you share your bed? That's the most loving thing to do, to share your bed with someone.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIf you enter this world knowing you are loved and you leave this world knowing the same, then everything that happens in between can be dealt with.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI always want to know what makes good performers fall to pieces.\u201d [PAR] \u201cMy father would rehearse with a belt in his hand. You couldn't mess up.\u201d [PAR] \u201cMagic is easy if you put your heart into it.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI wouldn't be happy doing just one kind of music or label ourselves. I like doing something for everybody ... I don't like our music to be labeled. Labels are like ... racism.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWhat I'm asking is whether this is still a country where a peculiar person such as Michael Jackson can get a fair shake and be considered innocent until proven guilty ... or is this just a 21st century American barnyard where we all feel free to turn on the moonwalking rooster ... and peck it to death?\u201d [PAR] \u0097Michael Jackson [PAR] Michael Jackson - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:52) \"King of Pop\" Michael Jackson topped the charts and the tabloids like no other pop star before him. Check out a summary of his decades in the spotlight with this mini biography. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born in 1958 in Gary, Indiana, Michael Jackson became the lead singer of his family's popular Motown group, the Jackson 5. He went on to a solo career of astonishing success, delivering No. 1 hits from the albums Off the Wall, Thriller and Bad. The \"King of Pop\" was dogged by allegations of child molestation in his later years, and died just before launching a comeback tour in 2009. [PAR] Early Life and Career [PAR] Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana, to a large African-American working-class family. His mother, Katherine Jackson , was a homemaker and a devout Jehovah's Witness. His father, Joseph Jackson , had been a guitarist who put aside his musical aspirations to provide for his family as a crane operator. Believing his sons had talent, he molded them into a musical group in the early 1960s. [PAR] At first, the Jackson Family performers consisted of Michael's older brothers, Tito , Jermaine and Jackie . Michael joined his siblings when he was 5 years old, and emerged as the group's lead vocalist. He showed remarkable range and depth for such a young performer, impressing audiences with his ability to convey complex emotions. Older brother"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vienna | national capital, Austria | Britannica.com Vienna | national capital, Austria | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, Austria [PAR] Alternative Titles: B\u00e9cs, Vide\u0148, Vindobona, Wenia, Wien, Wienis [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Vienna, German Wien, Czech Vide\u0148, Hungarian B\u00e9cs, city and Bundesland (federal state), the capital of Austria . Of the country\u2019s nine states, Vienna is the smallest in area but the largest in population . [PAR] Neptune\u2019s Fountain (foreground) and the Gloriette, on the grounds of Schloss Sch\u00f6nbrunn, \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 Goodshoot/Jupiterimages [PAR] Time-lapse video tour of Vienna, Austria. [PAR] Emilio Carral (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Modern Vienna has undergone several historical incarnations. From 1558 to 1918 it was an imperial city\u2014until 1806 the seat of the Holy Roman Empire and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . In 1918 it became the capital of the truncated, landlocked central European country that emerged from World War I as a republic. From 1938 to 1945 Austria was a part of Adolf Hitler \u2019s \u201cGreater\u201d Germany , and Vienna became \u201cGreater\u201d Vienna, reflecting the Nazi revision of the city limits. In the decade following World War II , Austria was occupied by British, French, American, and Soviet forces, and Vienna was divided into five zones, including an international zone, covering the Innere Stadt (\u201cInner City\u201d). In 1955 the State Treaty, by which the country regained independence, was signed with the four occupying powers, and Vienna became once again the capital of a sovereign Austria. [PAR] An introduction to Vienna, Austria. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Vienna is among the least spoiled of the great old western European capitals. Its central core, the Innere Stadt, is easily manageable by foot and public transportation. In a city renowned for its architecture, many of Vienna\u2019s urban prospects remain basically those devised over several centuries by imperial gardeners and architects. The skyline is still dominated by the spire of St. Stephen\u2019s Cathedral and by the giant Ferris wheel in the city\u2019s chief park, the Prater. The city suffered heavy damage in the last months of World War II, and much rebuilding was done after the war. Nevertheless, the character of Vienna as a whole remains much the same as in the years before 1914. [PAR] Once the seat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Vienna is filled with majestic sights, both old and \u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Zell am See [PAR] Viennese Lebenskunst (\u201cart of living\u201d) has survived changing rulers and times. It is still possible to live in Vienna at almost the same pace and in much the same style as it was a century ago. The same music is played in the same rebuilt concert halls, and a theatrical or operatic success still stimulates lively conversation. One can drink the same sourish local wines in the taverns on the outskirts of town, consume the same mountains of whipped cream at Sacher\u2019s and Demel\u2019s, and sample the same infinite varieties of coffee in countless caf\u00e9s. Thick woolen suits and overcoats in shades of green, gray, or brown loden cloth and colourful dirndl dresses may still be seen. It is even possible for tourists, and for others on festive occasions, to ride in a traditional fiacre, the two-horse carriage driven by a bowler-hatted coachman. [PAR] Austria\u2019s capital has avoided many of the problems\u2014financial crises, social unrest, urban decay\u2014that afflict other European cities. Its people enjoy an enlightened health and welfare system, which originated in the reforms of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Joseph II in the 18th century. A city of green parks with ponds, caf\u00e9s, and playing bands; opulent stores and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] By the numbers: Second term presidents - CNNPolitics.com By the numbers: Second term presidents - CNNPolitics.com [PAR] By the numbers: Second term presidents [PAR] By Caitlin Stark, CNN Library [PAR] Updated 2:05 PM ET, Fri November 9, 2012 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] Obama: 'The best is yet to come' 01:34 [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] 21 U.S. presidents have won re-election to a second term. [PAR] One U.S. presidents served two full terms in office non-consecutively [PAR] Since 1900, six Democratic presidents have won a second term in office [PAR] Nine presidents changed vice presidents between their first and second terms. [PAR] On January 20, 2013, President Barack Obama will be sworn in for his second term in office. (Because that is a Sunday, the public ceremony will be January 21.) Less than half of U.S. presidents who have served have been re-elected to a second term in office. [PAR] Here's a look back, by the numbers, at who and when: [PAR] 21 -- Number of U.S. presidents who won election to a second term. This includes four men who assumed the office after the death of the sitting president, and later won election in their own right. [PAR] 13 -- Number of U.S. presidents who served two full terms in office. This includes Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was elected four times but died before finishing his fourth term. Making up the distinguished group are: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Ulysses S. Grant, Grover Cleveland, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. [PAR] 3 -- Number of U.S. presidents who died in office during their second (or later) terms . They are Abraham Lincoln (assassinated), William McKinley (assassinated), and Franklin Roosevelt (died of illness in his fourth term). [PAR] 1 -- Number of U.S. presidents who served two full terms in office non-consecutively . Grover Cleveland was president from 1885 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. [PAR] 1 -- Number of U.S. presidents who resigned during their second terms . Richard Nixon resigned in 1974, two years after winning re-election. [PAR] 2 -- Number of U.S. presidents who took the country to war during their second or subsequent terms. Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt both campaigned on the platform of keeping America out of wars in Europe but were forced to go back on that promise. [PAR] 6 -- Number of Republican presidents elected to a second term in office since 1900. William Taft, Herbert Hoover, Gerald Ford and George H.W. Bush did not win re-election and Warren Harding died in office. [PAR] 6 -- Number of Democratic presidents elected to a second term in office since 1900. Jimmy Carter did not win re-election and John F. Kennedy died in office. [PAR] 73 -- The age of Ronald Reagan in 1984, the oldest man elected to a second term as president . [PAR] 9 -- The number of presidents who changed vice presidents between their first and second terms. This was very common in the 1800s. Before 1916, George Washington and James Monroe were the only two-term presidents who did not change their vice presidents. [PAR] 3 -- Since 1900, the number of Democratic second-term presidents whose party also controlled Congress. They are Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson. [PAR] 3 -- Since 1900, the number of Republican second-term presidents whose party also controlled Congress . They are Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge and George W."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lust for Life (1956) - IMDb Lust for Life (1956) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The life of brilliant but tortured artist Vincent van Gogh. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] Norman Corwin (screen play), Irving Stone (based on the novel by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.00 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \u2018T2: Trainspotting\u2019 Soundtrack Includes Iggy Pop, Wolf Alice, Underworld, And More [PAR] 10 January 2017 6:37 AM, -08:00 | The Playlist [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 04 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 16 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 28 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 01 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 14 May 2013 [PAR] Title: Lust for Life (1956) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] An unscrupulous movie producer uses an actress, a director and a writer to achieve success. [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] Boxer Midge Kelly rises to fame...mainly by stepping on other people. [PAR] Director: Mark Robson [PAR] A slave and a Viking prince fight for the love of a captive princess. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] A fiercely independent cowboy arranges to have himself locked up in jail in order to then escape with an old friend who has been sentenced to the penitentiary. [PAR] Director: David Miller [PAR] A movie adaptation of Homer's second epic, that talks about Ulysses' efforts to return to his home after the end of ten years of war. [PAR] Director: Mario Camerini [PAR] On one day in the 21st Precinct squad room, assorted characters form a backdrop for the troubles of hard-nosed Detective Jim McLeod. [PAR] Director: William Wyler [PAR] A frustrated former big-city journalist now stuck working for an Albuquerque newspaper exploits a story about a man trapped in a cave to re-jump start his career, but the situation quickly escalates into an out-of-control circus. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] The slave Spartacus leads a violent revolt against the decadent Roman Republic. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Vincent Van Gogh is the archetypical tortured artistic genius. His obsession with painting, combined with mental illness, propels him through an unhappy life full of failures and unrewarding relationships. He fails at being a preacher to coal miners. He fails in his relationships with women. He earns some respect among his fellow painters, especially Paul Gauguin, but he does not get along with them. He only manages to sell one painting in his lifetime. The one constant good in his life is his brother Theo, who is unwavering in his moral and financial support. Written by John Oswalt <jao@jao.com> [PAR] Magnificent in CinemaScope and Color See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 15 September 1956 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] La vie passionn\u00e9e de Vincent van Gogh See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 122 min [PAR] Sound Mix: [PAR] Mono (Perspecta Sound\u00ae encoding) (35 mm optical prints) (Westrex Recording System)| 4-Track Stereo (35 mm magnetic prints) (Westrex Recording System) [PAR] Color: [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Potamology | Define Potamology at Dictionary.com Potamology | Define Potamology at Dictionary.com [PAR] potamology [PAR] [pot-uh-mol-uh-jee] /\u02ccp\u0252t \u0259\u02c8m\u0252l \u0259 d\u0292i/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for potamology [PAR] Expand [PAR] (obsolete) the scientific study of rivers [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C19: from Greek potamos river + -logy [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for potamology [PAR] Expand [PAR] \"the study of rivers,\" 1829, from potamo- + -logy . [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper[DOC] [TLE] Potamology - definition of potamology by The Free Dictionary Potamology - definition of potamology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Potamology - definition of potamology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/potamology [PAR] pot\u00b7a\u00b7mol\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (p\u014ft\u2032\u0259-m\u014fl\u2032\u0259-j\u0113) [PAR] The scientific study of rivers. [PAR] [Greek potamos, river; see pet- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + -logy .] [PAR] potamology [PAR] (Physical Geography) obsolete the scientific study of rivers [PAR] [C19: from Greek potamos river + -logy] [PAR] potamology [PAR] See also related terms for rivers . [PAR] potamology [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] rivers [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] At least to myself but occasionally aloud, I have called this area of study \"Textual Potamology,\" which involves using texts to think about rivers, using rivers to think about texts, and using this dual usage to enquire into the nature of meaning. [PAR] Prompted by a recent invitation to speak from \"whatever you take to be your disciplinary perspective,\" I have begun to suspect that Textual Potamology bears more of a resemblance to Transdisciplinarity--a mode of scholarly inquiry that \"admits and confronts complexity,\" \"challenges knowledge fragmentation,\" and is characterized by \"its hybrid nature, non-linearity, and reflexivity, transcending any academic disciplinary structure\" (Lawrence 113). [PAR] His prototypical experiment in Textual Potamology involves movement back and forth, between inside and outside, and trying to report his findings from that movement."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herpes zoster at The Medical Dictionary Herpes zoster at The Medical Dictionary [PAR] Medicines [PAR] In some patients, herpes zoster can reactivate subclinically with pain in a dermatomal distribution without rash. This condition is known as zoster sine herpete and may be more complicated, affecting multiple levels of the nervous system and causing multiple cranial neuropathies, polyneuritis, myelitis, or aseptic meningitis. [PAR] The word herpes came from Greek, which is cognate with serpent and, as can be expected, herpetology. Interestingly, the skin disease is also commonly known as \"snake\" in Chinese. [PAR] Signs and symptoms [PAR] Often, pain is the first symptom. This pain can be characterized as stinging, tingling, numbing, or throbbing, and can be pronounced with quick stabs of intensity. Then 2-3 crops of red lesions develop, which gradually turn into small blisters filled with serous fluid. A general feeling of unwellness often occurs. [PAR] As long as the blisters have not dried out, HZ patients may transmit the virus to others. This could lead to chickenpox in people (mainly young children) who are not yet immune to this virus. [PAR] Shingles blisters are unusual in that they only appear on one side of the body. That is because the chickenpox virus can remain dormant for decades, and does so inside the spinal column or a nerve fiber. If it reactivates as shingles, it affects only a single nerve fiber, or ganglion, which can radiate to only one side of the body. The blisters therefore only affect one area of the body and do not cross the midline. They are most common on the torso, but can also appear on the face (where they are potentially hazardous to vision) or other parts of the body. [PAR] Diagnosis [PAR] The diagnosis is visual \u00e2\u0080\u0094 very few other diseases mimic herpes zoster. In case of doubt, fluid from a blister may be analysed in a medical laboratory. [PAR] Pathophysiology [PAR] The causative agent for herpes zoster is varicella zoster virus (VZV). Most people are infected with this virus as a child, as it causes chickenpox. The body eliminates the virus from the system, but it remains dormant in the ganglia adjacent to the spinal cord or the ganglion semilunare (ganglion Gasseri) in the cranial base. [PAR] Generally, the immune system suppresses reactivation of the virus. In the elderly, whose immune response generally tends to deteriorate, as well as in those patients whose immune system is being suppressed, this process fails. (Some researchers speculate that sunburn and other, unrelated stresses that can affect the immune system may also lead to viral reactivation.) The virus starts replicating in the nerve cells, and newly formed viruses are carried down the axons to the area of skin served by that ganglion (a dermatome). Here, the virus causes local inflammation in the skin, with the formation of blisters."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775\u20131851) | Art UK Art UK ... Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775\u20131851) | Art UK Art UK | Discover Artists Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775\u20131851) [PAR] View all 400 [PAR] (Born London, 23 April 1775; died Chelsea, Middlesex [now in London], 19 December 1851). English painter, one of the greatest figures in the history of landscape painting. His family called him Bill or William, but he is now invariably known as J. M. W. Turner (which is how he usually signed his pictures). He showed a talent for drawing from an early age and as a boy earned money by colouring prints. [PAR] Read more [PAR] In 1789 he began working as a draughtsman for the architect Thomas Hardwick, and later in the same year he enrolled at the Royal Academy Schools, where he studied regularly until 1793 and intermittently until 1799. Early in his student days he also had lessons from Thomas Malton (1748\u20131804), a topographical watercolourist who specialized in neat and detailed town views and whom he later described as \u2018my real master\u2019. [PAR] Turner first exhibited a watercolour at the Academy in 1790, when he was only 15, and from 1791 he began making regular sketching tours in various parts of Britain, producing many drawings of Picturesque views and architectural subjects that he later used as the basis of watercolours or sold to engravers. At this time his work was more polished but less poetic than that of his friend Girtin. Initially he painted only in watercolour, but in 1796 he first exhibited an oil at the Academy, Fishermen at Sea (Tate, London). Only three years later, in 1799, he was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy and in 1802, two months before his 27th birthday, he became the second-youngest person elected a full Academician up to that time (only Lawrence had previously achieved the distinction at a younger age, although Wilkie, too, later pipped Turner). His career also flourished financially, for he was hardworking, a good businessman, and frugal by nature (he lived rather squalidly, but he was not miserly or ungenerous, as is sometimes maintained). [PAR] From early in his career Turner was aware of his place in the tradition of landscape painting and he often produced works in homage to (or rivalry with) his great predecessors such as Claude (whom he particularly revered) and Willem van de Velde the Younger. However, he soon began to paint more original pictures in which he depicted the violence of nature in powerful Romantic fashion. The Shipwreck (1805, Tate) was one of his first works in this vein, and one of the most celebrated is Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps (1812, Tate), of which a contemporary newspaper (the Examiner) wrote: \u2018This is a performance that classes Mr Turner in the highest rank of landscape painters\u2026the moral and physical elements are here in powerful unison blended by a most masterly hand, awakening emotions of awe and grandeur.\u2019 During these years, however, he continued exhibiting more conventional pictures and still earned a good deal of his large income through work for engravers. His most ambitious engraving project was his Liber Studiorum (Book of Studies), conceived in emulation of Claude's Liber Veritatis and intended to show the range of his own work; between 1807 and 1819 he issued 71 of a projected 100 plates. [PAR] Turner made his first journey to the Continent in 1802, during a temporary peace in the war with France, visiting Paris like so many other artists to see pictures looted by Napoleon, which were then"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europe's Coolest Cities: Tallinn, Estonia's Wired Capital ... Europe's Coolest Cities: Tallinn, Estonia's Wired Capital - SPIEGEL ONLINE [PAR] Europe's Coolest Cities: Tallinn, Estonia's Wired Capital [PAR] Europe's Coolest Cities Tallinn, Estonia's Wired Capital [PAR] Tallinn is not just a world heritage site with a history ranging far back to the Middle Ages -- by bestowing its citizens with the fundamental right to free Internet access, Estonia has also become the most-wired country in Eastern Europe. [PAR] By Erich Follath [PAR] DPA [PAR] Tallinn -- a totally wired \"marzipan miniature.\" [PAR] Almost every month, Tallinn is given a new superlative, a new award or a new compliment: The city is dubbed the \"Hong Kong of the Baltics,\" one of the \"seven most intelligent cities in the world,\" the \"boom town of the new Europe\" or the \"tiger of the north.\" [PAR] A mundane metropolis? The big wide world? [PAR] At first glance, Tallinn seems more like a dollhouse that wants to shut itself off from everything evil out there -- like a medieval marzipan miniature whose beauty makes it sufficient unto itself. Strong walls and defiant barbicans enclose the alleys of the historic city center; horses' hooves clatter over the cobblestones; young Estonians dressed up as knaves and ladies of the castle advertise the traditional restaurants Peppersack and Olde Hanse to tourists on the splendidly restored town hall square. The town hall pharmacy sells herbal mixtures prepared according to recipes dating back to 1422 -- the year when it began tending to the town's sick. [PAR] From the Magazine [PAR] Find out how you can reprint this DER SPIEGEL article in your publication. [PAR] Tallinn was the beloved of many a lord: The Danes were involved in the founding of the city. It experienced its glory days under the Teutonic Order, which administered it according to the laws of the Hanseatic city of L\u00fcbeck and renamed it Reval. Sweden and Russia have also left their mark on Tallinn. The city was occupied by the Nazis and later by the Soviets. But it seems to have fulfilled its true destiny only since Estonia finally became independent in 1991. Tallinn has become a gateway between East and West -- a UNESCO world heritage site and a center of technological innovation at the same time. [PAR] Tallinn successfully combines the world of high-tech with that of the Middle Ages, linking tradition with cyberspace. Just how successfully it does so only becomes apparent following a second, closer look at the city and conversations with Estonians like urban planner Endrik M\u00e4nd, corporate consultant J\u00fcri Saar and university rector Signe Kivi. [PAR] M\u00e4nd, a live wire unable to remain on his office chair for longer than five minutes, likes his job -- with one qualification. \"I'm really too old for it,\" the 36-year-old says. His co-workers are almost a decade younger, on average, M\u00e4nd, who studied architecture, adds. He presents colorful graphs showing the 400,000-resident boom town's budget surplus. Tallinn's economic growth regularly exceeds that of the entire country, with an 11.4 percent increase last year alone. And when he proudly describes the city as a \"surfer's paradise,\" it isn't the waves in the Gulf of Finland he's talking about. [PAR] Crazy about the Net [PAR] Few countries are as crazy about the Internet as Estonia, and no capital city can keep up with Tallinn on that count. All schools are connected to the Internet; more than 90 percent of all bank transactions are conducted online; and there are more mobile phones than residents. Tallinn's citizens pay for their parking tickets and their bus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bouvier des Flandres : Dog Breed Selector : Animal Planet Bouvier des Flandres : Dog Breed Selector : Animal Planet [PAR] Watch Video [PAR] The bouvier des Flandres is not a breed that can be put aside until the mood strikes to play with it. It needs daily exercise and daily interaction, and a lot of both. It loves the chance to herd, but its requirements can also be met with a good jog, a very long walk or a vigorous play session. It can live outdoors in temperate to cool climates. It makes a good house dog, however, and would prefer access to both house and yard. Its harsh coat needs combing once or twice weekly, plus scissoring and shaping (clipping for pets and stripping for show dogs) every three months. [PAR] \u0095 Major concerns: CHD [PAR] Watch Video [PAR] The bouvier des Flandres served farmers and cattle merchants in controlling cattle in the great farmlands of southwest Flanders and on the French northern plain. In fact, bouvier means \"cowherd\" or \"oxherd\" in French, although the dogs were formerly more often called vuilbaard (dirty beard) or koe hond (cow dog). Besides its main duty as a cattle drover, the bouvier was an all-around farm dog, functioning also as a livestock and farm guard and draft dog. As expected from a dog selected to perform a variety of tasks, these working dogs were of a variety of types, colors and even sizes. This wide variety also reflected the fact that this was a working dog, and breeding stock was chosen by ability, not pedigree or esthetics. The derivation of the breed is not documented but may have included mastiff, sheepdog and possibly even spaniel breeds. The first breed standard, drawn up in 1912, reflected this diversity of types and signaled a growing interest in the breed from dog fanciers. In the midst of the breed's rising popularity, most of the bouviers were lost in World War I \u0097 although some served as ambulance and messenger dogs during the war. One of the few survivors was of such superior quality that the breed was successfully revived through his progeny. This dog, Ch. Nic de Sottegem, can be found in virtually every modern bouvier pedigree. In 1922, a revised standard further defined the desirable bouvier type, and helped pave the way to a more homogeneous breed. When the first bouviers entered American show rings in the 1930s, they aroused much attention among dog fanciers. The breed has never become extremely popular, but it is well-known at dog shows and herding trials.[DOC] [TLE] bouvier des Flandres | breed of dog | Britannica.com bouvier des Flandres | breed of dog | Britannica.com [PAR] Bouvier des Flandres [PAR] Bernese mountain dog [PAR] Bouvier des Flandres, ( French: \u201ccowherd of Flanders\u201d) cattle-driving dog noted for its working ability. The breed originated in southwestern Flanders and the northern hills of France. It served as an ambulance dog and messenger in World War I . In Belgium it must win a prize in police work or as a guard or army dog before it can gain the title of champion. The bouvier des Flandres is characterized by a rugged appearance and compact build. It has a thick, wiry, tousled-looking coat and may be brown, black, gray, mixed gray and white (salt-and-pepper), or brindle. It stands 23.5 to 27.5 inches (60 to 70 cm) and weighs, ideally, about 88 pounds (40 kg). [PAR] Bouvier des Flandres. [PAR] dog [PAR] domestic mammal of the family Canidae (order Carnivora). It is a subspecies of the gray wolf (C. lupus)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Subtitles Star Trek III: The Search for Spock - subtitles ... Subtitles Star Trek III: The Search for Spock - subtitles english 1CD srt (eng) [PAR] Your link here [PAR] Movie details [PAR] AKA:Star Trek 3 (eng), Star Trek III (eng), Star trek III - \u00c0 la recherche de Spock (eng), Star Trek III: In Search of Spock (eng), Star Trek III: Return to Genesis (eng), Star Trek: The Search for Spock (eng), The Search for Spock (eng), \u0417\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445 3: \u0423 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0421\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 (eng) [PAR] Movie Rating: 6.6 / 10 (59885) [PAR] 105 min [PAR] [ A dying planet. A fight for life. ] - Admiral Kirk and his bridge crew risk their careers stealing the decommissioned Enterprise to return to the restricted Genesis planet to recover Spock's body. [PAR] Directed by:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Ferment Fruit: 12 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Ferment Fruit: 12 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] How to Ferment Fruit [PAR] Three Parts: Understanding Fermentation Fermenting Canned Fruit Fermenting Fresh Fruit Community Q&A [PAR] Fermented fruit can make for an excellent gift to give family and friends. You can use the fruit to flavor alcoholic beverages or top your favorite desserts. Yeast breaks down the fruit sugars during the fermentation process, and you can use just about any type of fruit you want, although some will work better than others. Follow these steps to learn how to ferment fruit, either fresh or from a can. [PAR] Steps [PAR] Understanding Fermentation [PAR] 1 [PAR] Know what fermentation is and why it's good for you. Fermentation is a process used to preserve foods and increase the level of good bacteria they contain. You shouldn't be intimidated by the fermentation process -- it is actually quite simple and straightforward! [PAR] /images/thumb/f/ff/Ferment-Fruit-Step-1-preview.jpg/550px-Ferment-Fruit-Step-1-preview.jpg [PAR] /images/thumb/f/ff/Ferment-Fruit-Step-1-preview.jpg/300px-Ferment-Fruit-Step-1-preview.jpg [PAR] /b/b9/Ferment Fruit Step 1.360p.mp4 [PAR] Basically, fermentation involves placing your chosen fruit in a jar or other container and adding a combination of water, sugar and starter culture (such as yeast or whey). [PAR] The lid is then sealed and the fruit is left at room temperature for between 2 to 10 days. During this time, the starter culture will convert the sugar to alcohol, and carbon dioxide gas will be produced as a by-product, forming bubbles at the top of the jar. [PAR] Once fermented, the fruit will contain an abundance of beneficial bacteria [1] and can be used as a condiment, dessert topping, or in recipes for things like chutneys, smoothies and salsas. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Choose your fruit. Most fruits can be fermented, though some work better than others. Many people prefer to ferment canned or frozen fruits, as it reduces preparation time. If using fresh fruit, opt for ripe, organic produce with no bruises or blemishes. [PAR] /images/thumb/a/ac/Ferment-Fruit-Step-2-preview.jpg/550px-Ferment-Fruit-Step-2-preview.jpg [PAR] /images/thumb/a/ac/Ferment-Fruit-Step-2-preview.jpg/300px-Ferment-Fruit-Step-2-preview.jpg [PAR] /b/b1/Ferment Fruit Step 2.360p.mp4 [PAR] Fruits like peaches, plums and apricots are a popular choice for fermenting, as they are tasty and hold their color well. Wash the fruit, peel the skin and remove any pits. [PAR] Exotic fruits like mangoes and pineapples ferment well and can be used to make chutney. Remove the skins and cut into even-sized cubes before using. [PAR] Grapes can be fermented, but they must be pricked with a needle or cut in half to allow the cultured liquid inside. [PAR] Peeled and sliced pears can be fermented, as can apples (though these tend to turn brown throughout the process, which some people find unappealing). [PAR] Most berries can be fermented, except for blackberries which contain too many seeds. Strawberries ferment well in terms of flavor, but the syrup tend to bleach their color. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Use a starter culture. A starter culture is simply a substance that contains beneficial bacteria which is used to kickstart the fermentation process. [PAR] /images/thumb/6/65/Ferment-Fruit-Step-3-preview.jpg/550px-Ferment-Fruit-Step-3-preview.jpg [PAR] /images/thumb/6/65/Ferment-Fruit-Step-3-preview.jpg/300px-Ferment-Fruit-Step-3-preview.jpg [PAR] /a/a9/Ferment Fruit Step 3.360p.mp4 [PAR] For most recipes, it's not necessary to use a specific starter culture -- they are pretty much interchangeable. [PAR] The most common starter cultures (especially for fermenting fruit as opposed to vegetables) are baking yeast, whey and special culture starter powders, such as Caldwell's starter. [PAR] However, you can also use an opened probiotic capsule, the liquid from a previously opened jar of fermented fruit or a fermented beverage such as plain kombucha tea. [PAR] To make a specific type of fermented fruit called Rumtoph (which is used in traditional German and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bagpuss, Noggin the Nog and the Clangers to feature in ... Bagpuss, Noggin the Nog and the Clangers to feature in exhibition | Television & radio | The Guardian [PAR] Oliver Postgate [PAR] Bagpuss, Noggin the Nog and the Clangers to feature in exhibition [PAR] Beloved characters created by Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin will appear at V&A Museum of Childhood in London [PAR] Bagpuss, that saggy old cloth cat, baggy, and a bit loose at the seams. Photograph: Smallfilms [PAR] Friday 6 November 2015 13.57 EST [PAR] Last modified on Friday 6 November 2015 18.17 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 1 year old [PAR] A band of shabby but immortal heroes, born more than half a century ago in a pigsty in Kent with all possible expense spared, will be reunited in an exhibition at the V&A Museum of Childhood next spring. [PAR] Some of the most famous characters in the history of children\u2019s television, including Noggin the Nog, the Pogles, Ivor the Engine, The Clangers and Bagpuss, were created by Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin, working together in the backyard of Firmin\u2019s farmhouse home. [PAR] The exhibition will bring together puppets, original scenery and scripts (every word the Clangers spoke was written out in English and then translated into swanee whistle peeps by Postgate). It will also include rare early black-and-white films, including episodes of Ivor the Engine, the pair\u2019s first collaboration, last screened 45 years ago. [PAR] Contemporary animators revere the output of Postgate and Firmin\u2019s Smallfilms company. Nick Park included a tiny tribute in his Wallace and Gromit film A Matter of Loaf and Death, in which Gromit\u2019s beloved Bagpuss toy is thrown in the bin and subsequently recovered. [PAR] When the Clangers were recently revived, written by Postgate\u2019s son Daniel and narrated by Michael Palin , the audience watching the new series on BBC CBeebies was 60% adults. [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] The Clangers. Photograph: Smallfilms [PAR] Daniel said of his father\u2019s work: \u201cThey just got the job done and never thought this stuff would be of the slightest interest to anyone again. At one point Oliver had a skip at the door ready to take everything away. If it wasn\u2019t for the fact that they never left Peter\u2019s farm and he could store stuff, there wouldn\u2019t be a thing left to put in an exhibition.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s Postgate\u2019s voice,\u201d V&A curator Alice Sage said. \u201cIt\u2019s so very peculiarly British. It reverberates through my childhood. It\u2019s avuncular and a little bit ironic, very wry and funny, but there\u2019s a little bit of melancholy in it too. [PAR] \u201cThere\u2019s something about the characters: they\u2019re so simple but there\u2019s something so real and good about them. They have an eternal quality \u2026 and revisiting them now, you see how many of them are actually about dealing with loneliness and loss.\u201d [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] 1971 Noggin the Nog programme from Birmingham Rep theatre Photograph: BIrmingham Rep [PAR] Their studio, a real pigsty which they converted before expanding into the nearby barn, will be recreated in the exhibition. Postgate died in 2008, but Firmin, who claims to have been recruited as \u201csomeone who would do a lot of drawing for very little money\u201d, still lives on the Kent farm. Firman explained that he used to have many more Clangers sets, including the planet, but they had gone on the bonfire to clear space. [PAR] Daniel\u2019s brother Simon claims partial credit for the Clangers, having chatted to his father about his fantasy of a small planet and a giant called Jeffrey who wore armour to ward off"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Sikhism: The Gurdwara BBC - Religions - Sikhism: The Gurdwara [PAR] The Gurdwara [PAR] This article looks at the Sikh place of worship, the Gurdwara. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Gurdwara [PAR] A Gurdwara is the place where Sikhs come together for congregational worship. [PAR] The first Gurdwara in the world was built by Guru Nanak in 1521-2 at Kartarpur. There are about 200 Gurdwaras in Britain. [PAR] The literal meaning of the Punjabi word Gurdwara is 'the residence of the Guru', or 'the door that leads to the Guru'. [PAR] In a modern Gurdwara, the Guru is not a person but the book of Sikh scriptures called the Guru Granth Sahib. [PAR] It is the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib that gives the Gurdwara its religious status, so any building containing the book is a Gurdwara. [PAR] Although a Gurdwara may be called the residence of the Guru (meaning the residence of God), Sikhs believe that God is present everywhere. [PAR] Before the time of Guru Arjan Dev , the place of Sikh religious activities was known as a Dharamsala, which means place of faith. [PAR] The purpose of a Gurdwara [PAR] It's a place to learn spiritual wisdom [PAR] It's a place for religious ceremonies [PAR] It's a place where children learn the Sikh faith, ethics, customs, traditions and texts [PAR] A Gurdwara is also a community centre, and offers food, shelter, and companionship to those who need it. [PAR] Gurdwaras are managed by a committee of their community. [PAR] Inside the Gurdwara [PAR] There are no idols, statues, or religious pictures in a Gurdwara, because Sikhs worship only God, and they regard God as having no physical form. Nor are there candles, incense, or bells, or any other ritualistic devices. [PAR] The focus of attention, and the only object of reverence in the main hall (or Darbar Sahib) is the book of Sikh scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib, which is treated with the respect that would be given to a human Guru. [PAR] The Guru Granth Sahib is kept in a room of its own during the night and carried in procession to the main hall at the start of the day's worship. [PAR] The book is placed on a raised platform (Takht or Manji Sahib, meaning \"throne\") under a canopy (Chanani or Palki), and covered with an expensive cloth when not being read. [PAR] During a service a person with a whisk or fan called a Chaur waves it over the Guru Granth Sahib. [PAR] Although Sikhs show reverence to the Guru Granth Sahib, their reverence is to its spiritual content (shabad) not the book itself. The book is just the visible manifestation of the shabad. [PAR] The four doors [PAR] There are four doors into a Gurdwara, known as the Door of Peace, the Door of Livelihood, the Door of Learning and the Door of Grace. [PAR] These doors are a symbol that people from all four points of the compass are welcome, and that members of all four castes are equally welcome. [PAR] There's always a light on in a Gurdwara, to show that the Guru's Light is always visible and is accessible to everyone at any time. [PAR] The free food kitchen, or Langar [PAR] Every Gurdwara has a Langar attached to it where food is served to anyone without charge. The term Langar is also used for the communal meal served at the Gurdwaras. [PAR] The food served in the Langar must be simple, so as to prevent wealthy congregations turning it into a feast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crimea | Article about Crimea by The Free Dictionary Crimea | Article about Crimea by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Crimea | Article about Crimea by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Crimea [PAR] Related to Crimea: Crimea War [PAR] Crimea [PAR] (kr\u012bm\u0113`\u0259), Rus. and Ukr. Krym, peninsula and republic (1991 est. pop. 2,363,000), c.10,000 sq mi (25,900 sq km), SE Europe, linked with the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus. The peninsula is bounded on the S and W by the Black Sea. The eastern tip of the Crimea is the Kerch peninsula, separated from the Taman peninsula (a projection of the mainland) by the Kerch Strait, which connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. Simferopol Simferopol [PAR] , city (1989 pop. 344,000), capital of Crimea, on the Salgir River and on the Sevastopol-Kharkiv rail line. From 1954 part of Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR), the city passed to Russian control in 2014 after the occupation and annexation of Crimea. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. is the capital of the Crimea. Other major cities include Sevastopol Sevastopol [PAR] , formerly spelled Sebastopol, city (1989 pop. 355,000), on the Crimean peninsula and the Bay of Sevastopol, an inlet of the Black Sea. From 1954 part of Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR), it passed to Russian control in 2014 after the occupation and annexation of [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (politically independent of the rest of Crimea), Kerch Kerch [PAR] , city (1989 pop. 174,000), E Crimea. It lies on the Kerch Strait of the Black Sea and at the eastern end of the Kerch Peninsula, a strip of land between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Feodosiya Feodosiya [PAR] , city (1990 est. pop. 85,000), E Crimea. From 1954 part of Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR), it passed to Russian control in 2014 after the occupation and annexation of Crimea. It is a major Black Sea port at the western end of the Feodosiya Gulf. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Yalta Yalta [PAR] , city (1989 pop. 89,000), in S Crimea, on the Black Sea. Picturesquely situated near the seashore, Yalta is on the site of an ancient Greek colony. It is the largest resort in Crimea, with numerous hotels, sanatoriums, and tourist and rest homes\u2014many of which were [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , and Yevpatoriya Yevpatoriya [PAR] , city (1989 pop. 109,000), E Crimea. From 1954 part of Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR), it passed to Russian control in 2014 after the occupation and annexation of Crimea. Yevpatoriya is a Black Sea port, a rail hub, and a vacation and health resort. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . Part of Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR) from 1954, the peninsula was occupied and annexed by Russia in 2014, a move not generally recognized internationally. An autonomous republic in Ukraine, Crimea was made a Russian constituent republic; Sevastopol has been a politically independent city with the status of an oblast under Ukrainian and Russian administration. [PAR] Along the Crimea's northeast shore are a series of shallow, stagnant, but mineral-rich lagoons, known collectively as the Sivash or Putrid Sea, which are linked to the Sea of Azov by the Arabatskaya Strelka. The northern part of the Crimea is a semiarid steppe, drained by a few streams; this region supports fine wheat, corn, and barley crops. In the south rises the Crimean or Yaila Range (Yaltinskaya Yaila), with its extensive meadows and forests. The tallest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Noah's Ark and the Flood - Clarifying Christianity Noah's Ark and the Flood [PAR] Noah\ufffds Ark and the Flood [PAR] Genesis, Chapters 6, 7, and 8 [PAR] Genesis Chapter 6 [PAR] 1 Now it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them, [PAR] 2 that the sons of God saw the daughters of men, that they were [1] beautiful; and they took wives for themselves of all whom they chose. [PAR] 3 And the LORD said, \ufffdMy Spirit shall not strive with man forever, for he is indeed flesh; yet his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.\ufffd [PAR] 4 There were giants on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown. [PAR] 5 Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. [PAR] 6 And the LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart. [PAR] 7 So the LORD said, \ufffdI will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth, both man and beast, creeping thing and birds of the air, for I am sorry that I have made them.\ufffd [PAR] 8 But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. [PAR] 9 This is the genealogy of Noah. Noah was a just man, perfect in his generations. Noah walked with God. [PAR] 10 And Noah begot three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. [PAR] 11 The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. [PAR] 12 So God looked upon the earth, and indeed it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way on the earth. [PAR] 13 And God said to Noah, \ufffdThe end of all flesh has come before Me, for the earth is filled with violence through them; and behold, I will destroy them with the earth. [PAR] 14 Make yourself an ark of gopherwood; make rooms in the ark, and cover it inside and outside with pitch. [PAR] 15 And this is how you shall make it: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. [PAR] 16 You shall make a window for the ark, and you shall finish it to a cubit from above; and set the door of the ark in its side. You shall make it with lower, second, and third decks. [PAR] 17 And behold, I Myself am bringing floodwaters on the earth, to destroy from under heaven all flesh in which is the breath of life; everything that is on the earth shall die. [PAR] 18 But I will establish My covenant with you; and you shall go into the ark\u0097you, your sons, your wife, and your sons\ufffd wives with you. [PAR] 19 And of every living thing of all flesh you shall bring two of every sort into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female. [PAR] 20 Of the birds after their kind, of animals after their kind, and of every creeping thing of the earth after its kind, two of every kind will come to you to keep them alive. [PAR] 21 And you shall take for yourself of all food that is eaten, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Empire Day - Historic UK Empire Day [PAR] Empire Day [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] The very idea of a day that would \u2026\u201cremind children that they formed part of the British Empire, and that they might think with others in lands across the sea, what it meant to be sons and daughters of such a glorious Empire.\u201d, and that \u201cThe strength of the Empire depended upon them, and they must never forget it.\u201d, had been considered as early as 1897. The image of a motherly Queen Victoria , Empress of India, as its paramount ruler would be shared by an Empire spanning almost a quarter of the entire globe. [PAR] However it was not until after the death of Queen Victoria, who died on 22 January 1901, that Empire Day was first celebrated. The first 'Empire Day' took place on 24th May 1902, the Queen\u2019s birthday. Although not officially recognised as an annual event until 1916, many schools across the British Empire were celebrating it before then. One New Zealand school journal from 1910 records: \"This is the \u2018Union Jack\u2019; and now that Empire Day has come round once more, you will hear its history. It is really a coloured picture from a history-book, telling of things that happened, long before you were born\"\u2019. [PAR] Each Empire Day, millions of school children from all walks of life across the length and breadth of the British Empire would typically salute the union flag and sing patriotic songs like Jerusalem and God Save the Queen. They would hear inspirational speeches and listen to tales of \u2018daring do\u2019 from across the Empire, stories that included such heroes as Clive of India, Wolfe of Qu\u00e9bec and \u2018Chinese Gordon\u2019 of Khartoum. But of course the real highlight of the day for the children was that they were let of school early in order to take part in the thousands of marches, maypole dances, concerts and parties that celebrated the event. [PAR] In Britain an Empire Movement was formed, with its goal in the words of its Irish founder Lord Meath, \u201cto promote the systematic training of children in all virtues which conduce to the creation of good citizens.\u201d Those virtues were also clearly spelled out by the watchwords of the Empire Movement \u201cResponsibility, Sympathy, Duty, and Self-sacrifice.\u201d [PAR] Empire Day remained an essential part of the calendar for more than 50 years, celebrated by countless millions of children and adults alike, an opportunity to demonstrate pride in being part of the British Empire. By the 1950\u2019s however, the Empire had started to decline, and Britain\u2019s relationship with the other countries that formed the Empire had also changed, as they began to celebrate their own identity. Political parties of the far-left and pacifist dissenters had also begun to use Empire Day itself as an opportunity to attack British imperialism. [PAR] Political correctness appears to have 'won the day' when in 1958 Empire Day was re-badged as British Commonwealth Day, and still later in 1966 when it became known as Commonwealth Day. The date of Commonwealth Day was also changed to 10th June, the official birthday of the present Queen Elizabeth II . The date was again changed in 1977 to the second Monday in March, when each year The Queen still sends a special message to the youth of the Empire via a radio broadcast to all the various countries of the Commonwealth. [PAR] A now largely forgotten anniversary, perhaps only your grandparents will recall the chant Remember, Remember Empire Day, the 24th of May. [PAR] Only your grandparents and several"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Playboy Magazine, December 1953 The First Playboy Magazine, December 1953 [PAR] The First Playboy Magazine [PAR] The First Playboy Magazine [PAR] The First Edition of Playboy Featured Marilyn Monroe [PAR] Portrait of American publisher Hugh Hefner sitting in front of a wall collage of female centerfolds from his men's magazine \"Playboy\" which he launched in 1953. (Photo by Archive Photos/Getty Images) [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] Updated September 16, 2016. [PAR] In December 1953, 27-year-old Hugh Hefner published the very first Playboy magazine. This first edition of Playboy was 44-pages long and had no date on its cover because Hefner wasn't sure there would be a second edition. In that first run, Hefner sold 54,175 copies of Playboy magazine at 50 cents each. The first edition sold so well because Marilyn Monroe was the \"Sweetheart of the Month\" (which was thereafter termed \"playmate\"). [PAR] On the front cover of the first edition of Playboy, Marilyn Monroe appeared waving her hand. Inside, Marilyn Monroe bared it all in the centerfold. (Monroe did not pose nude specifically for Playboy; Hefner had purchased the picture from a local printer who made calendars.) [PAR] This first edition of the magazine is also the only Playboy that does not have Hugh Hefner's name inside. [PAR] On the first page, Hefner humorously wrote, \"We want to make it clear from the very start, we aren't a 'family magazine.' If you're somebody's sister, wife or mother-in-law and picked us up by mistake, please pass us along to the man in your life and get back to your Ladies Home Companion.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Historic hotel where author Evelyn Waugh wrote Brideshead ... Historic hotel where author Evelyn Waugh wrote Brideshead Revisited for sale at \u00a31.65million | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Next [PAR] Historic hotel where author Evelyn Waugh wrote Brideshead Revisited for sale at \u00a31.65million [PAR] Easton Court, in Chagford, Devon, is going on the market for \u00a31.65million, boasting eight bedrooms in 3.2 acres [PAR] Author Evelyn Waugh wrote the majority of Brideshead Revisited during his stay in January 1944 [PAR] He had broken his leg while parachute training in the Second World War and was given unpaid leave [PAR] The renowned writer said the hotel was 'full of elderly women' who did not distract him from his work[DOC] [TLE] Brideshead Revisited Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Brideshead Revisited Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 98 out of 111 people found the following review useful: [PAR] \"Brideshead Revisited\" revisited [PAR] 23 July 2008 [PAR] *** This review may contain spoilers *** [PAR] Those who have not seen the 1981 Granada television miniseries about the aristocratic English Catholic Marchmain family, their spiritual torments, and their conflicted friend, Charles Ryder, may be at an advantage in watching this new adaptation. That series was superb and took the time to do more than justice to the satirical Evelyn Waugh's uncharacteristically solemn and lengthy 1945 novel. This film version, much briefer than the miniseries but not exactly short at 135 minutes, has one advantage: it shows off the plot in sharp outline. [PAR] The miniseries may actually blur that basic element. It was hypnotic, rolling on from week to week for those who first saw it gathering an accumulation of nostalgia and melancholy, beautifully mounted and graced by the likes of John Gielgud, Laurence Olivier, Claire Bloom, and St\u00e9phane Audran. It also put Jeremy Irons on the map in the central role of Charles, and by his own admission made him \"fall out of love with jeans\" through wearing the elegant clothes of a well-turned-out young man of the 1920's. The miniseries can take the time to develop important minor characters. The book is an elaborate portrait of a generation and an era. Waugh wrote short witty novels mostly. But this time, writing about wealth and grandeur and Catholicism, he waxes poetic and goes into near-Proustian detail. [PAR] Sebastian's grand family draws the awestruck middle-class Charles in and eventually spits him out, leaving him shattered, but lastingly impressed by the power of the Marchmains' Catholic faith. As the tale opens (in all versions), he's reminiscing about it all much later as an army officer at the end of World War II ironically posted at Brideshead, the glorious estate where Sebastian grew up--a place Charles came to know intimately even though it was never fully accessible to him. [PAR] Maybe Waugh in his novel was more concerned with the nostalgia for a prewar life he imagined as splendid and carefree, for a class to which he aspired, and more self-consciously dwelling on his infatuation with Catholicism, to which he was a convert. But the story, as we see in this new film, turns on a kind of love triangle--one heavy-laden with sexual and spiritual conflict. [PAR] Charles Ryder (Matthew Goode) and Sebastian (Ben Whishaw) enter into an intense romantic and alcoholic friendship when Charles comes for his first year at Oxford. The film carries this a bit further than either the novel or the TV version, showing the two handsome young men not only often affectionately and playfully arm in arm but in an intimate bathroom scene and once, anyway, sharing a lingering drunken"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Jane Eyre: Character List SparkNotes: Jane Eyre: Character List [PAR] Character List [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Jane Eyre - The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Jane is an intelligent, honest, plain-featured young girl forced to contend with oppression, inequality, and hardship. Although she meets with a series of individuals who threaten her autonomy, Jane repeatedly succeeds at asserting herself and maintains her principles of justice, human dignity, and morality. She also values intellectual and emotional fulfillment. Her strong belief in gender and social equality challenges the Victorian prejudices against women and the poor. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Jane Eyre. [PAR] Edward Rochester - Jane\u2019s employer and the master of Thornfield, Rochester is a wealthy, passionate man with a dark secret that provides much of the novel\u2019s suspense. Rochester is unconventional, ready to set aside polite manners, propriety, and consideration of social class in order to interact with Jane frankly and directly. He is rash and impetuous and has spent much of his adult life roaming about Europe in an attempt to avoid the consequences of his youthful indiscretions. His problems are partly the result of his own recklessness, but he is a sympathetic figure because he has suffered for so long as a result of his early marriage to Bertha. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Edward Rochester. [PAR] St. John Rivers - Along with his sisters, Mary and Diana, St. John (pronounced \u201cSinjin\u201d) serves as Jane\u2019s benefactor after she runs away from Thornfield, giving her food and shelter. The minister at Morton, St. John is cold, reserved, and often controlling in his interactions with others. Because he is entirely alienated from his feelings and devoted solely to an austere ambition, St. John serves as a foil to Edward Rochester. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of St. John Rivers. [PAR] Mrs. Reed - Mrs. Reed is Jane\u2019s cruel aunt, who raises her at Gateshead Hall until Jane is sent away to school at age ten. Later in her life, Jane attempts reconciliation with her aunt, but the old woman continues to resent her because her husband had always loved Jane more than his own children. [PAR] Bessie Lee - The maid at Gateshead, Bessie is the only figure in Jane\u2019s childhood who regularly treats her kindly, telling her stories and singing her songs. Bessie later marries Robert Leaven, the Reeds\u2019 coachman. [PAR] Mr. Lloyd - Mr. Lloyd is the Reeds\u2019 apothecary, who suggests that Jane be sent away to school. Always kind to Jane, Mr. Lloyd writes a letter to Miss Temple confirming Jane\u2019s story about her childhood and clearing Jane of Mrs. Reed\u2019s charge that she is a liar. [PAR] Georgiana Reed - Georgiana Reed is Jane\u2019s cousin and one of Mrs. Reed\u2019s two daughters. The beautiful Georgiana treats Jane cruelly when they are children, but later in their lives she befriends her cousin and confides in her. Georgiana attempts to elope with a man named Lord Edwin Vere, but her sister, Eliza, alerts Mrs. Reed of the arrangement and sabotages the plan. After Mrs. Reed dies, Georgiana marries a wealthy man. [PAR] Eliza Reed - Eliza Reed is Jane\u2019s cousin and one of Mrs. Reed\u2019s two daughters (along with her sister, Georgiana). Not as beautiful as her sister, Eliza devotes herself somewhat self-righteously to the church and eventually goes to a convent in France where she becomes the Mother Superior. [PAR] John Reed - John Reed is Jane\u2019s cousin, Mrs. Reed\u2019s son, and brother to Eliza and Georgiana. John treats Jane with appalling cruelty during their childhood"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GRADES (TYPES) OF PAPER - Paperonweb Grades of Paper [PAR] GRADES OF PAPER [PAR] Z [PAR] [PAR] This page contains list of various types of paper based on their end use, process of manufacturing, raw material used etc. Papers can be graded in 'n' numbers of ways and if we count all permutation and combination of grades total grades may well exceed 10000. Some of the major grades classifications are; [PAR] 1. Based on basis weight [PAR] Tissue: Low weight, <40 g/m2 [PAR] Paper: Medium weight, 40 - 120 g/m2 [PAR] Paperboard: Medium High weight, 120-200 g/m2 [PAR] Board: High weight, >200 g/m2 [PAR] 2. Based on Color [PAR] Colored: Bleached and dyed or pigmented [PAR] 3. Based on Usage [PAR] Industrial: Packaging, wrapping, filtering, electrical etc. [PAR] Cultural: Writing, printing, Newspaper, currency etc. [PAR] Food: Food wrapping, candy wrapping Coffee filter, tea bag etc. [PAR] 4. Based on Raw Material [PAR] Wood: Contain fibers from wood [PAR] Agricultural residue: Fibers from straw, grass or other annual plants [PAR] Recycled: Recycle or secondary Fiber [PAR] 5. Based on Surface Treatment [PAR] Coated: Coated with clay or other mineral. [PAR] Uncoated: No coating [PAR] Machine Finished (MF)/Machine Glazed (MG) [PAR] Glazed/Glossed [PAR] Abrasive Papers, Garnet Paper, Sandpaper or Glasspaper [PAR] Papers covered on one or both sides with abrasive powder, e.g. emery, sandpaper etc. [PAR] If garnet is used as abrasive material, it is called Garnet Paper. Garnet paper is mostly used in woodworking. [PAR] Absorbent Paper aka Bibulous Paper [PAR] Papers having the specific characteristic of absorbing liquids such as water and ink. These papers are soft, loosely felted, unsized and bulky e.g. blotting paper . [PAR] Acid Free Paper [PAR] A type of paper, which does not contain any acidic substance that may affect acid sensitive material. Acid free paper is anti rust and is used for metal wrapping. Also it is recommended to use acid free paper for photos and paper memorabilia for long life. [PAR] Acid Free Tissue Paper are used for storage of cotton and linen costumes. [PAR] Acid Proof Paper [PAR] A paper that is not affected by acid physically or chemically. This paper is used with substance containing acid. [PAR] Account Book Paper [PAR] Paper primarily used for pen and ink writing. It is usually made from cotton fibers or bleached chemical pulp or a mix of two. It has good strength, erasability and resistance to water and ink. [PAR] Acoustical Board [PAR] A paperboard used primarily as a wall covering to absorb sound. It also has good thermal resistance. It is made in various thicknesses by gluing together thinner boards made from raw materials such as wood, straw or bagasse. [PAR] Address Label Paper [PAR] Paper made from chemical pulp or a mixture of mechanical and chemical pulp with fairly good strength, and used to make labels for magazines, periodicals, etc. Dyes used to color it are of the acid- and alkali-resistant types to prevent discoloration by the adhesives used. [PAR] Adhesive Paper [PAR] Base paper for coating with an adhesive, the type depending upon end use. [PAR] Agat Marble Paper [PAR] Paper printed with blended color bands to simulate agate, or be agate-like in appearance. It is made primarily from chemical pulp and most commonly used as end leaves in bookmaking. [PAR] Air Dried Paper [PAR] Paper dried by direct contact of heated or ambient air. [PAR] Air Filter Paper [PAR] A type of paper used for filtration of air to remove suspended particles. (car air filter, vacuum bag etc.) [PAR] [PAR] Air Mail Paper [PAR] It is lightweight, high"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tour de France 101: What do different color jerseys mean ... Tour de France 101: What do different color jerseys mean? - CSMonitor.com [PAR] Tour de France 101: What do different color jerseys mean? [PAR] Andy Schleck of Luxembourg (l.) and Fabian Cancellara of Switzerland, wearing the overall leader's yellow jersey, ride in the pack during the sixth stage of the Tour de France on Friday. [PAR] Christophe Ena/AP [PAR] of [PAR] What do the different color Tour de France jerseys mean? [PAR] YELLOW: The maillot jaune, the yellow jersey, is the signature chemise of the Tour de France . It designates the overall leader of the race so far. When cyclists finish the three-week race by cruising through the streets of Paris , the photo of the yellow-shirted winner is seen around the globe. [PAR] The yellow jersey is awarded after each of the 20 stages, or race days, to the rider who is the overall leader of the race so far. Each day the total amount of time taken to finish that stage is added to the cumulative time of all previous races, and the overall leader is determined. The next day, he wears the yellow throughout the stage. [PAR] Recommended: Could you pass a US citizenship test? [PAR] GREEN: The green jersey, or maillot vert, is the sprinter\u2019s jersey. At every stage, points are awarded to the first 10-25 riders that cross the finish line. The amount of sprint points awarded depends on the day\u2019s course (a flat course produces more points than the mountain terrain) and in what place the rider finishes that day. Some stages have mini-sprints within the stage that are worth points. German Erik Zabel holds the record for winning the final green jersey in the Tour six consecutive times, between 1996 and 2001. [PAR] Photos of the Day Photos of the day 02/08 [PAR] WHITE WITH RED POLKA DOTS: This is the King of the Mountains jersey. Points are awarded to the first rider to reach the crest of designated hills and mountains. Mountains are graded according to steepness, length, and position on the course, and points correspond to the grade. The best climber awards began in 1933, and the maillot \u00e0 pois rouges was first worn in 1975. [PAR] WHITE: This jersey is worn by the fastest overall rider under the age of 25 (on Jan. 1 in the year of the race). The first white jersey was worn in 1975. [PAR] There are other prizes and competitions within the Tour de France that don\u2019t involve jerseys. For example, the most combative rider of each stage \u2013 the one who tries to break clear of the field \u2013 will wear a red number on a white background, instead of the usual black on white. And the team prize \u2013 based on the team with the fastest three riders \u2013 wears a black number on a yellow background. [PAR] More Tour de France 101 stories:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Life of Brian (1979) - IMDb Life of Brian (1979) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Brian is born on the original Christmas, in the stable next door. He spends his life being mistaken for a messiah. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 09 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 27 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 17 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 15 Nov 2015 [PAR] Title: Life of Brian (1979) [PAR] 8.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] King Arthur and his knights embark on a low-budget search for the Grail, encountering many, very silly obstacles. [PAR] Directors: Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones [PAR] Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle [PAR] The comedy team takes a look at life in all its stages in their own uniquely silly way. [PAR] Directors: Terry Jones, Terry Gilliam [PAR] Stars: John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle [PAR] A weatherman finds himself inexplicably living the same day over and over again. [PAR] Director: Harold Ramis [PAR] After the death of a friend, a writer recounts a boyhood journey to find the body of a missing boy. [PAR] Director: Rob Reiner [PAR] An insurance salesman/adjuster discovers his entire life is actually a television show. [PAR] Director: Peter Weir [PAR] A botched card game in London triggers four friends, thugs, weed-growers, hard gangsters, loan sharks and debt collectors to collide with each other in a series of unexpected events, all for the sake of weed, cash and two antique shotguns. [PAR] Director: Guy Ritchie [PAR] \"The Dude\" Lebowski, mistaken for a millionaire Lebowski, seeks restitution for his ruined rug and enlists his bowling buddies to help get it. [PAR] Directors: Joel Coen, Ethan Coen [PAR] Stars: Jeff Bridges, John Goodman, Julianne Moore [PAR] The original surreal sketch comedy showcase for the Monty Python troupe. [PAR] Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam [PAR] Unscrupulous boxing promoters, violent bookmakers, a Russian gangster, incompetent amateur robbers, and supposedly Jewish jewelers fight to track down a priceless stolen diamond. [PAR] Director: Guy Ritchie [PAR] In a future world devastated by disease, a convict is sent back in time to gather information about the man-made virus that wiped out most of the human population on the planet. [PAR] Director: Terry Gilliam [PAR] During a preview tour, a theme park suffers a major power breakdown that allows its cloned dinosaur exhibits to run amok. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] Marty McFly, a 17-year-old high school student, is accidentally sent 30 years into the past in a time-traveling DeLorean invented by his close friend, the maverick scientist Doc Brown. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] Eric Idle [PAR] ... [PAR] Michael Palin [PAR] ... [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The story of Brian of Nazareth, born on the same day as Jesus of Nazareth, who takes a different path in life that leads to the same conclusion. Brian joins a political resistance movement aiming to get the Romans out of Judea. Brian scores a victory of sorts when he manages to paint political slogans on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edinburgh Napier University Home [PAR] Edinburgh Napier University is a registered Scottish charity. Registration SC018373 [PAR] \u00a9 2016 Edinburgh Napier University [PAR] We use cookies to give you the best possible experience. If you continue, we\u2019ll assume you are happy to receive all cookies. See our cookie policy for more information."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna Ft Justin Timberlake - 4 Minutes 2008 New Single ... Madonna Ft Justin Timberlake - 4 Minutes 2008 New Single - YouTube [PAR] Madonna Ft Justin Timberlake - 4 Minutes 2008 New Single [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 23, 2008 [PAR] Madonna Ft Justin Timberlake - 4 Minutes 2008 New Single [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal - best-country.com Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal [PAR] Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal [PAR] 737 [PAR] Kathmandu is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagarpalika (Metropolitan City), as compared to Up-Mahanagarpalika (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagarpalika (Municipality). [PAR] Tell your friends [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". [PAR] According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu has a population of close to 1 million people. The municipal area is 50.67 square kilometres (19.56 sq mi) and has a population density of 3000per km\u00b2 and 17000 per km square in city. [PAR] The city stands at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in the bowl-shaped Kathmandu Valley of central Nepal. [PAR] It is surrounded by four major mountains: Shivapuri, Phulchoki, Nagarjun, and Chandragiri. Kathmandu Valley is part of three districts (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur), has the highest population density in the country, and is home to about a twelfth of Nepal's population. [PAR] Historically, the Kathmandu Valley and adjoining areas were known as Nepal Mandala. Until the 15th century, Bhaktapur was its capital when two other capitals, Kathmandu and Lalitpur, were established. [PAR] During the Rana and Shah eras, British historians called the valley itself \"Nepal Proper\". Today, Kathmandu is not only the capital of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, but also the headquarters of the Bagmati Zone and the Central Development Region of Nepal. [PAR] Kathmandu is the gateway to tourism in Nepal. It is also the hub of the country's economy. It has the most advanced infrastructure of any urban area in Nepal, and its economy is focused on tourism, which accounted for 3.8% of Nepal's GDP in 1995\u043f\u0457\u040596. [PAR] Tourism in Kathmandu declined thereafter during a period of political unrest, but since then has improved. In 2013, Kathmandu was ranked third among the top 10 travel destinations on the rise in the world by TripAdvisor, and ranked first in Asia. [PAR] The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. [PAR] Most of Kathmandu's people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism. There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture. Nepali is the most commonly spoken language in the city. English is understood by Kathmandu's educated residents. [PAR] ... [PAR] Subscribe to our newsletter and stay up to date with the latest news and deals! [PAR] Subscribe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Doctors' Day: Calendar, History, quotes, when is ... National Doctors' Day: Calendar, History, quotes, when is & Facts [PAR] Mar 30 [PAR] National Doctor's Day History [PAR] National Doctor's Day commemorates the nation's doctors, who have dedicated themselves to public service by helping to ensure the good health of US citizens. Doctors are qualified and licensed individuals who practice medicine of all forms. They include many types such as physicians, surgeons, specialists, anesthesiologists and pediatricians, who dedicate their lives to helping, healing and curing the sick and needy. [PAR] President George W. Bush designated March 30th as National Doctor's Day on October 30, 1990 in an effort to celebrate the sacrifices and contributions made by our nation's doctors. National Doctor's Day is observed on March 30th every year in the US. [PAR] National Doctor's Day Facts & Quotes [PAR] The red carnation is the symbolic flower used for this holiday. It is often placed on the gravesites of deceased physicians. [PAR] Eudora Almond, wife of Dr. Charles Almond, celebrated the first Doctor's Day in Winder, Georgia on March 30, 1933. [PAR] According to a study by AAMC, the average cost of attending a US Medical school as a nonresident is about $50,000 per year. [PAR] People pay the doctor for his trouble; for his kindness-they still remain in his debt. [PAR] - Seneca, ancient Roman philosopher. [PAR] A good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease. [PAR] - William Osler, Canadian physician and founder of John Hopkins Hospital [PAR] National Doctor's Day Top Events and Things to Do [PAR] Order a gift for your doctor. Find something related to medicine such as a spine keychain or even a basket of fruits shaped like bones. [PAR] Send a personal Thank You Note to your doctor letting them know you appreciate him/her. [PAR] Place a red carnation on a deceased physicians grave. [PAR] Drop by your doctor's office with a free lunch or a snack in appreciation of their dedication towards your health. [PAR] If you haven't been for a check up in a while, get one. Your doctor will be happy that you came in.[DOC] [TLE] National Doctor's Day Gift Ideas, Doctor Gifts 2016 NATIONAL DOCTORS' DAY Gift Ideas, DoctorsGifts 2017 [PAR] The 2017 Doctors' Day Greeting Card depicts medical tools of the trade. [PAR] Outside reads: Of all the tools, machines and assets we need to treat patients, the most important . . . [PAR] Inside reads: \"is you. Happy Doctors' Day\" [PAR] Get a 20% discount on your entire order before Dec 31st! Use coupon code: PREDAY2017 at checkout. [PAR] History of National Doctors' Day [PAR] National Doctors' Day is held every year on March 30th in the United States. It is a day to celebrate the contribution of physicians who serve our country by caring for its' citizens. The first Doctor's Day observance was March 30, 1933 in Winder, Georgia. Eudora Brown Almond, wife of Dr. Charles B. Almond, decided to set aside a day to honor physicians. This first observance included the mailing greeting cards and placing flowers on graves of deceased doctors. On March 30, 1958, a Resolution Commemorating Doctors' Day was adopted by the United States House of Representatives. In 1990, legislation was introduced in the House and Senate to establish a national Doctor's Day. Following overwhelming approval by the United States Senate and the House of Representatives, on October 30, 1990, President George Bush signed S.J. RES. #366 (which became Public Law 101-473) designating March 30th as \"National Doctor's Day.\" [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] ----------------"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Book Airline Tickets and Find the Best Flight Deals | TAP ... Flytap - Oficial Site [PAR] FLYTAP [PAR] If it is your first time visiting the new flytap.com, please, log-in here . [PAR] Login [PAR] Customer number (TP) or email [PAR] Password: [PAR] Close [PAR] How to log-in? [PAR] Flytap has changed! It has new features and a new customer area that, were especially designed just for you. [PAR] There are some errors on the form: [PAR] Please correct the indicated fields. [PAR] Viagem [PAR] With flexible dates, it is easier to find better fares. [PAR] Direct flights only [PAR] There are some errors on the form: [PAR] Please correct the indicated fields. [PAR] toolbarmanagecheck [PAR] You can find your reservation code on the electronic ticket that was emailed to you. [PAR] Reservation date [PAR] I have a TAP account [PAR] Log in and make the process easier. [PAR] There are some errors on the form: [PAR] Please correct the indicated fields. [PAR] Gerir Estado do Voo [PAR] Enter the flight number you would like to search for. [PAR] Continue [PAR] There are some errors on the form: [PAR] Please correct the indicated fields. [PAR] Enter your reservation code [PAR] You can find your reservation code on the electronic ticket that was emailed to you. [PAR] Last name [PAR] Additional information [PAR] Additional information [PAR] You can find your ticket number written on the electronic ticket that was emailed to you. [PAR] Continue [PAR] I have a TAP account [PAR] Log in and make the process easier. [PAR] Do you already speak FlyMoji? [PAR] Download TAP\u2019s emojis app now and give wings to your conversations! [PAR] Stay up to 3 days in Portugal at no extra cost. [PAR] Discover a beautiful country and enjoy all Stopover perks. [PAR] Benefits from traveling with TAP [PAR] Victoria Program [PAR] Choose how you want to travel [PAR] pay only what you need. [PAR] Leading Airline to South America & Africa and Up inflight magazine is Europe's Leading Inflight Magazine at World Travel Awards! [PAR] Contact Center [PAR] (Abre numa nova janela) [PAR] Newsletter [PAR] Subscribe to our newsletter and receive all of the latest news and exclusive offers and promotions in your email. [PAR] \u00a9 2017, TAP. All rights reserved. [PAR] The form contains the following errors: [PAR] Please correct: [PAR] Attention [PAR] Preencha o formul\u00e1rio para Recuperar Password [PAR] Following your request, your TAP Account is suspended. When you log in, your account becomes active again, canceling the cancelation process. [PAR] Want to reactivate your account? [PAR] Cancel [PAR] There are some errors on the form: [PAR] Please correct the indicated fields. [PAR] Recover password [PAR] Forgot your password? Don't worry! Enter your e-mail and we'll take care of it. [PAR] Forgot your password? Don't worry! Enter your e-mail and we'll take care of it. [PAR] E-mail: [PAR] Recover password [PAR] Check your inbox. [PAR] In the next five minutes, you will receive an e-mail with instructions for creating a new password. [PAR] Fechar [PAR] Don't remember your Victoria customer number? Let us help you. Please contact us: [PAR] Still not a TAP customer? [PAR] Register now! [PAR] Portuguese (Portugal) [PAR] Close [PAR] TAP would like to alert you to the impossibility of changing your booking via Manage Your Booking if: [PAR] You have a Lisbon-Porto and/or Porto-Lisbon flight (Ponte A\u00e9rea) and you want to change to a same day flight; [PAR] If any of the following ancillary services are associated to your reservation: [PAR] Unaccompanied Minors;[DOC] [TLE] TAP Portugal Flight Information - SeatGuru TAP Portugal Flight Information [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Best Comedy TV Shows & Series - Classic TV Database Best Comedy TV Shows of All-Time - Classic TV Database [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1996-2001 | NBC [PAR] 3rd Rock from the Sun is an American sitcom that aired from 1996 to 2001 on NBC. The show is about four extraterrestrials who are on an expedition to Earth, which they consider to be a very insignificant planet. The extraterrestrials pose as a human family in order to observe the behavior of human beings. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1964-1966 | ABC [PAR] The Addams Family is a sitcom based on the characters in Charles Addams' New Yorker cartoons that aired for two seasons on ABC from 1964 to 1966. It is often compared to its working-class rival, The Munsters, which ran for the same two seasons, and achieved somewhat higher ratings. The show is the first adaptation of the characters to feature \"The Addams Family Theme\". [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1986-1990 | NBC [PAR] ALF is an American science fiction sitcom that originally aired on NBC from 1986 to 1990, created by Paul Fusco. The title character was Gordon Shumway, a friendly extraterrestrial nicknamed ALF (an acronym for Alien Life Form), who crash lands in the garage of the suburban middle-class Tanner family. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1971-1979 | CBS [PAR] All in the Family is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1971, to 1979. In September 1979, a new show, Archie Bunker's Place, picked up where All in the Family had ended. This sitcom lasted another four years, ending its run in 1983. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1960-1968 | CBS [PAR] The Andy Griffith Show is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1960 until 1968 about a widowed sheriff in the fictional small community of Mayberry, North Carolina. His life is complicated by an inept but well-meaning deputy, Barney Fife (Don Knotts), a spinster aunt and housekeeper, Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier), and a young son, Opie. Local ne'er-do-wells, bumbling pals, and temperamental girlfriends further complicate his life. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1972-1978 | CBS [PAR] The Bob Newhart Show is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1972 to 1978 starring Bob Newhart who portrays a psychologist having to deal with his patients and fellow office workers. The show was filmed before a live audience. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1980-1982 | ABC [PAR] Bosom Buddies was a sitcom that starred Tom Hanks and Peter Scolari and ran from 1980 to 1982 on ABC that followed the misadventures of two single men, working in creative advertising, struggling in their industry while disguising themselves as women in order to live in the one apartment they could afford. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1969-1974 | ABC [PAR] The Brady Bunch is a 1970s sitcom aired from 1969 to 1974 on ABC centered around the daily lives of newly blended Brady family. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1982-1993 | NBC [PAR] Cheers is a sitom that ran for 11 seasons on NBC from 1982 to 1993. The show is set in the Cheers bar (named for the toast \"Cheers\") in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, chat and have fun. The show's theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy, and co-written with Judy Hart Angelo, lent its famous refrain, \"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\", as the show's tagline. [PAR] View Show [PAR] 1984-1992 | NBC [PAR] The Cosby Show is a sitcom starring Bill Cosby that aired for eight seasons on NBC from 1984 until 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an affluent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Human Body - betemunah.org The Trees. 70 [PAR] [PAR] In this study I would like to examine the body of man. Man is a metaphor. Indeed, one of several meanings of the Hebrew word adam (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdman\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd) is \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdI resemble.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd For man is a microcosm of creation \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdin the words of the Talmud , \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAs the soul fills the body, so HaShem fills the universe.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [1] Thus Iyov declares, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFrom my flesh, I perceive HaShem \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, [2] by contemplating the workings of our body and the manner in which it relates to and is animated by our soul, we gain insight into the workings of creation and the manner in which it relates to and is sustained by its source. Man is a microcosm, and so provides analogies for all other worlds which can explain the secrets of reality and the great riddles hidden from our senses\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [3] [PAR] [PAR] According to R. Bachya, our primary duty is to study that which is closest to us: the human being. [PAR] [PAR] It is our duty to study the origins and birth of the human, the form and structure of his physical frame, how the various body parts are connected and function together, the purpose of each individual part and the need for it to take its present form. Next we should study man\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds advantages, his various temperaments, the faculties of his soul, the light of his intellect, his qualities -- those that are essential and those that are accidental; his desires , and the ultimate purpose of his being. When we have arrived at an understanding of the matters noted in regard to man, much of the mystery of this universe will become clear to us, since the one resembles the other... as Job said (Job 19:26): \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFrom my flesh I see God.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [4] [PAR] [PAR] The Rambam [5] states that the only way to love and fear HaShem is through the study of His creation , for only through this study are we able to know HaShem . Our understanding of HaShem can only be achieved by the intellectual investigation of the genius and balance of His creation . Every detail, every remarkable insight and fact is necessary in our attempt to know ( Daat ) and connect with HaShem . [PAR] [PAR] The human body is the physical element in a complex and ultimately spiritual being. The human body is not simply the housing for the spiritual essences, it is part and parcel of the combined human being, a being that will ultimately exist in greater spiritual form in the world to come, after the resurrection . For when the world to come begins, and we stand up at the resurrection , we will stand up with combined body and soul, though both will be raised to a much higher spiritual level than at which we stand today. [PAR] [PAR] The walls of the succah represent the human body, and are even adorned with kishutim, jewelry, so-to- speak , as we adorn a body. For, like the body itself, the walls of the succah are only a temporary and somewhat flimsy encasement for the person, the soul, that enters and then later leaves it. [PAR] [PAR] The spiritual nature of the human body is manifested in an erect posture. This is one of the aspects of a human being which shows his spiritual nature. The fact that a man stands upright and has a certain glow in the face is a manifestation of his difference from an animal. These two features distinguish us from the animals."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fates - Greek Mythology The Fates [PAR] The Fates [PAR] See More The Fates Pictures > [PAR] The Moirai or Fates were three sister deities, incarnations of destiny and life. Their names were Clotho , the one who spins the thread of life; Lachesis , she who draws the lots and determines how long one lives, by measuring the thread of life; and Atropos , the inevitable, she who chose how someone dies by cutting the thread of life with her shears. They were often described as being ugly and old women, stern and severe. Three days after a child was born, it was thought that the Moirai would visit the house to determine the child's fate and life. [PAR] It seems that the Moirai controlled the fates of both mortals and gods alike. It may be that Zeus was the only one not bound by them, as an epithet that was used for him was Moiragetes (he who commands the fate). Other sources suggest, though, that he was also bound by the Moirai . It is also uncertain who their parents were; in some myths , they were daughters of Zeus and the Titan goddess Themis , the goddess of divine order. In others, they were daughters of Ananke , the personification of necessity. [PAR] The Fates Is also called Parcae, Fata, Moirai, Moirae.[DOC] [TLE] MOIRAE (Moirai) - The Fates, Greek Goddesses of Fate ... MOIRAE (Moirai) - The Fates, Greek Goddesses of Fate & Destiny (Roman Parcae) [PAR] Translation [PAR] Fates [PAR] THE MOIRAI (Moirae) were the three goddesses of fate who personified the inescapable destiny of man. They assigned to every person his or her fate or share in the scheme of things. Their name means \"Parts.\" \"Shares\" or \"Alottted Portions.\" The individuals were Klotho (Clotho), the \"the Spinner,\" who spun the thread of life, Lakhesis (Lachesis), \"the Apportioner of Lots\", who measured it, and Atropos (or Aisa), \"She who cannot be turned,\" who cut it short. Zeus Moiragetes, the god of fate, was their leader. [PAR] At the birth of a man, the Moirai spinned out the thread of his future life, followed his steps, and directed the consequences of his actions according to the counsel of the gods. It was not an inflexible fate; Zeus, if he chose, had the power of saving even those who were already on the point of being seized by their fate. The Fates did not abruptly interfere in human affairs but availed themselves of intermediate causes, and determined the lot of mortals not absolutely, but only conditionally, even man himself, in his freedom was allowed to exercise a certain influence upon them. As man's fate terminated at his death, the goddesses of fate become the goddesses of death, Moirai Thanatoio. [PAR] The Moirai were independent, at the helm of necessity, directed fate, and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction; and Zeus, as well as the other gods and man, had to submit to them. They assigned to the Erinyes , who inflicted the punishement for evil deeds, their proper functions; and with them they directed fate according to the laws of necessity. [PAR] As goddesses of birth, who spinned the thread of life, and even prophesied the fate of the newly born, Eileithyia was their companion. As goddesses of fate they must necessarily have known the future, which at times they revealed, and were therefore prophetic deities. Their ministers were all the soothsayers and oracles. [PAR] As goddesses of death, they appeared together with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] President Jimmy Carter - White House Gallery James Carter | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] James Carter [PAR] Jimmy Carter served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. [PAR] Jimmy Carter aspired to make Government \"competent and compassionate,\" responsive to the American people and their expectations. His achievements were notable, but in an era of rising energy costs, mounting inflation, and continuing tensions, it was impossible for his administration to meet these high expectations. [PAR] Carter, who has rarely used his full name--James Earl Carter, Jr.--was born October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Peanut farming, talk of politics, and devotion to the Baptist faith were mainstays of his upbringing. Upon graduation in 1946 from the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, Carter married Rosalynn Smith. The Carters have three sons, John William (Jack), James Earl III (Chip), Donnel Jeffrey (Jeff), and a daughter, Amy Lynn. [PAR] After seven years' service as a naval officer, Carter returned to Plains. In 1962 he entered state politics, and eight years later he was elected Governor of Georgia. Among the new young southern governors, he attracted attention by emphasizing ecology, efficiency in government, and the removal of racial barriers. [PAR] Carter announced his candidacy for President in December 1974 and began a two-year campaign that gradually gained momentum. At the Democratic Convention, he was nominated on the first ballot. He chose Senator Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota as his running mate. Carter campaigned hard against President Gerald R. Ford, debating with him three times. Carter won by 297 electoral votes to 241 for Ford. [PAR] Carter worked hard to combat the continuing economic woes of inflation and unemployment. By the end of his administration, he could claim an increase of nearly eight million jobs and a decrease in the budget deficit, measured in percentage of the gross national product. Unfortunately, inflation and interest rates were at near record highs, and efforts to reduce them caused a short recession. [PAR] Carter could point to a number of achievements in domestic affairs. He dealt with the energy shortage by establishing a national energy policy and by decontrolling domestic petroleum prices to stimulate production. He prompted Government efficiency through civil service reform and proceeded with deregulation of the trucking and airline industries. He sought to improve the environment. His expansion of the national park system included protection of 103 million acres of Alaskan lands. To increase human and social services, he created the Department of Education, bolstered the Social Security system, and appointed record numbers of women, blacks, and Hispanics to Government jobs. [PAR] In foreign affairs, Carter set his own style. His championing of human rights was coldly received by the Soviet Union and some other nations. In the Middle East, through the Camp David agreement of 1978, he helped bring amity between Egypt and Israel. He succeeded in obtaining ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. Building upon the work of predecessors, he established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and completed negotiation of the SALT II nuclear limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. [PAR] There were serious setbacks, however. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan caused the suspension of plans for ratification of the SALT II pact. The seizure as hostages of the U. S. embassy staff in Iran dominated the news during the last 14 months of the administration. The consequences of Iran's holding Americans"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Legio X Fretensis Legio X Fretensis [PAR] The Tenth Fretensis had its own personlized coins [PAR] by Terry Nix [PAR] Some of the most unique coins ever used in the Roman Empire were directly related to Legion Ten Fretensis (LXF). Elsewhere in the Empire, when coins were worn smooth, they were melted down, but LXF was given Imperial authority to extend the life of colonial Roman coinage. Why this was done or if this affected the monetary value of the coin is not known for sure. [PAR] Not only was the Legion allowed, in effect, to issue its own coinage, but it proudly added information about the Imperial recognition it had received from Octavian as a result of its victories at sea. In a famous naval battle in 36BCE, the Tenth legion under Marcus Agrippa destroyed the naval forces of Sextus Pompey off the coast of Sicily, known at the time as \"Fretum Siculum.\" from which the Legion's honorary moniker of \"Fretensis\" derives. [PAR] So, sometimes the Legion would countermark the coins with a simple X. But other times two or more countermarks would be struck on the same coin, including L.X.F above a boar, a dolphin below the boar, a Roman galley or Neptune standing with a trident. All of these countermarks symbolize the Legion's glorious naval history, and were sometimes accompanied by abust of the ruling Emperor. [PAR] No other Roman legion besides Legion Ten Fretensis has ever produced coins of this magnitude or variety. The coins below help one imagine what an LXF vexillum may have looked like. [PAR] The left side or front of the coin larger image has been identified as Titus who would have led part of the siege of Jerusalem. The smaller image is of the current emperor that was countermark onto the coin by legion ten but cannot be identified. The image on the right has L X F over a Boar with a Dolphin below. [PAR] This next coin was entirely obliterated on front and back, before being counterstruck by LXF. It shows an X with a bar over it. I also has an upside down image of Neptune with foot on rock or small prow of a galley while holding a trident. It also shows an image of the ruling emperor who is believed to be Nerva here. [PAR] The coin below shows L X F on one side and L.X.F over a Boar on the other side. That countermark seems to have been over struck even on top of a dolphin countermark. [PAR] The coins below shows mixed countermarks. The one on the left has four Legion Ten marks which is the rarest of the rarest. The coin is of Domitian and has a countermark of Domitian on bottom right at an angle. To it's left and upside down, there is a countermark reading X F. The reverse of this coin has L.X.F with a boar beneath and a dolphin under that. To it's lower right is a Roman galley. The drawing to the right shows a drawing of a better grade specimen of the previous type but from another coin. [PAR] [PAR] The Tenth Fretensis and its unanswered origin [PAR] by Terry Nix [PAR] The above coins are but a few examples countermarked by Legion Ten Fretensis. Oddly enough, I have never seen the bull associated with this legion on any of the many different countermarks they used. Many legions \"born\" under Octavian use the bull as their symbol, but no LXF coins have been found countermarked with a bull, which is curious, considering the fact"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - HRH Princess Anne - the Princess Royal - Edited Entry h2g2 - HRH Princess Anne - the Princess Royal - Edited Entry [PAR] 1 Conversation [PAR] Princess Anne - the 'No Nonsense' Princess - is considered by many to be the hardest-working member of the British Royal Family, carrying out hundreds of official engagements every year. After the Queen, the British public is said to consider Anne to be the Royal Family's most valuable national asset. They feel that she gets the job done, fulfilling her duty without using gimmicks or drawing undue attention to herself. She's no 'clothes-horse' and has kept the same hairstyle for 30 years. [PAR] Second-in-line [PAR] HRH Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise of Edinburgh, second child and only daughter of Their Royal Highnesses Princess Elizabeth , Duchess of Edinburgh and Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh, was born at Clarence House, London, on 15 August, 1950. At the time of her birth, her mother was heir-presumptive to the throne of the United Kingdom . [PAR] Anne was less than two years old when her grandfather George VI died and her mother became Queen. Anne and her older brother Prince Charles , the Prince of Wales, were raised mostly by nannies due to their parents' royal duties. Anne was educated by a private tutor and governess Catherine Peebles at Buckingham Palace. Being second-in-line to the British throne (the Queen's two children took precedence over the Queen's sister Princess Margaret) earns that person the dubious nickname 'spare'. This is because they are the 'standby' to take over as Monarch should anything untoward befall the heir. Anne's grandfather Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the 'spare' of his generation; he became King George VI when his older brother Edward VIII abdicated . [PAR] The Precocious Princess [PAR] From a young age Anne was already displaying a degree of precociousness. From the way she behaved, you would have thought the age difference was the other way around; Anne was bossy with her more timid and studious older brother and constantly trying to give their bodyguards the slip. When the Royal Family were on board the Royal Yacht Britannia, sailors knew they had to keep on their toes minding Anne, who had a habit of disappearing while investigating the mysterious and alluring potential hiding places of her floating playground. Anne recently recalled the times spent on Britannia as the happiest of her childhood. [PAR] By the age of eight, knowing that the palace guard on duty had to 'present arms' to a member of the Royal Family, she ventured into the palace grounds and walked past again, and again, and again. Each time the poor soldier duly presented arms until the Queen, who happened to look out of a window from the palace, called her back in and gave her daughter a right royal telling-off. [PAR] The Older Sister [PAR] Anne has two younger brothers: Prince Andrew (born 1960) was the first child to be born to a reigning monarch since Queen Victoria's youngest daughter was born in 1857; and Prince Edward was born in 1964 when Anne was a teenager and already attending boarding school. [PAR] Boarding School [PAR] Despite being educated at the palace, she wasn't cloistered away from other girls as Her Majesty invited a Girl Guide troupe to Buckingham Palace every week as company for her. When she was 13, Anne was sent to Benenden, a private boarding school in Kent. This was the first time a sovereign's daughter had attended boarding school. It was Anne's first time away from home and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arrival of SS Empire Windrush | History Today Arrival of SS Empire Windrush | History Today [PAR] Arrival of SS Empire Windrush [PAR] Caribbean Empire [PAR] Richard Cavendish marks the arrival of the Empire Windrush, carrying some 500 settlers from Jamaica, at Tilbury Dock. [PAR] On the misty morning of June 22nd 1948, a former German cruise boat, the Empire Windrush, steamed up the Thames to the Tilbury Dock, London, where she disembarked some 500 hopeful settlers from Kingston, Jamaica: 492 was the official figure, but there were several stowaways as well. Many of them were ex-servicemen, who had served in England during the war. The new arrivals were the first wave in Britain\u2019s post-war drive to recruit labour from the Commonwealth to cover employment shortages in state-run services like the NHS and London Transport. [PAR] One of them was a future Mayor of Southwark, Sam King, who had served in England with the wartime RAF. His family had sold three cows to buy his ticket which cost \u00a328.10s in the old money (upward of \u00a3600 today). Looking back on the experience years afterwards \u2013 in Forty Winters On, published by Lambeth Council \u2013 he recalled that as the ship drew towards England there was apprehension on board that the authorities would turn it back. He got two ex-RAF wireless operators among the passengers to play dominoes innocently outside the ship\u2019s radio room and eavesdrop on incoming signals. They heard on the BBC that Arthur Creech Jones, Colonial Secretary in the Labour government of the time, had pointed out that: \u2018These people have British passports and they must be allowed to land.\u2019 He added that they would not last one winter in England anyway, so there was nothing to worry about. [PAR] The newspapers were already keenly interested in the voyage of what they embarrassingly called \u2018the sons of empire\u2019 and the Colonial Office, the Home Office and the Ministry of Labour were busily engaged in trying to dodge responsibility for the newcomers, whose imminent arrival they viewed with alarm. Eventually the Colonial Office, defeated in these arcane bureaucratic manoeuvrings, reluctantly opened the deep air-raid shelter under Clapham Common and about 230 of the new arrivals moved into it. The others had organised some sort of job and accommodation for themselves beforehand. The labour exchange nearest Clapham Common happened to be the one in Brixton, in Coldharbour Lane, and it was this that made Brixton the first of London\u2019s new West Indian ghettoes.[DOC] [TLE] Windrush Square and Tate Gardens - Sightseeing ... Windrush Square and Tate Gardens - Sightseeing - visitlondon.com [PAR] Windrush Square and Tate Gardens [PAR] Windrush Square and Tate Gardens [PAR] Windrush Square and Tate Gardens form Brixton's central square at the heart of the area and is a venue for local events. The Windrush name commemorates the arrival of the Empire Windrush from\u2026Read More [PAR] About [PAR] Windrush Square and Tate Gardens form Brixton's central square at the heart of the area and is a venue for local events. [PAR] The Windrush name commemorates the arrival of the Empire Windrush from Jamaica on 22 June 1948. The ship docked at Tilbury from the Caribbean carrying 492 immigrants and, for many, symbolises the beginnings of modern British multicultural society. [PAR] Venue Details & Map"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daktari (TV Series 1966\u20131969) - IMDb Daktari (TV Series 1966\u20131969) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Dr. Marsh Tracy was a veterinarian running an animal study center in Africa. Helping him were his daughter Paula, American Jack Dane and Mike, a local. Also living with the Tracys--and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creators: [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 23 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 2657 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 3690 titles [PAR] created 15 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Daktari \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Ranger Porter Ricks is responsible for the animal and human life in Coral Key Park, Florida. Stories center on his 15-year-old son Sandy and 10-year-old Bud and, especially, on their pet dolphin Flipper. [PAR] Stars: Brian Kelly, Luke Halpin, Tommy Norden [PAR] When a native village is apparently terrorized by a Lion, the local sergeant enlists the help of a veterinarian working at a nearby animal study center. It is soon discovered that the Lion ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Andrew Marton [PAR] The ongoing saga of the Martin family and their beloved collie, Lassie. [PAR] Stars: Lassie, Jon Provost, June Lockhart [PAR] Sonny and his kangaroo Skippy live in Waratah National Park in New South Wales. Matt Hammond, Sonny's father is the park ranger. Skippy saves the day in many adventures. [PAR] Stars: Ed Devereaux, Tony Bonner, Ken James [PAR] The series revolves around Evie Ethel Garland, who is the daughter of Troy and Donna Garland. However, Troy is an alien from the planet Antereus. As a benefit of her half-alien parentage, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Donna Pescow, Maureen Flannigan, Burt Reynolds [PAR] The story of a young bee named Maya and her adventures. [PAR] Stars: Michiko Nomura, Ichir\u00f4 Nagai, Etha Coster [PAR] Les barbapapa (TV Series 1973) [PAR] Animation | Short | Family [PAR] The Barbapapas are creatures that can change their form, and those are the adventures is this unusual family in his struggle to find his place in the planet while helping other people and animals [PAR] Stars: Allen Swift, Julia Holewinski, Leen Jongewaard [PAR] The humourous adventures of a family of pop musicians. [PAR] Stars: Shirley Jones, David Cassidy, Susan Dey [PAR] A sarcastic Martian comes to live with a hapless young Terran on Earth. [PAR] Stars: Ray Walston, Bill Bixby, Pamela Britton [PAR] Pumuckl is a nice and sometimes naughty goblin who used to live with a cabinet maker named Franz Eder. Mr. Eder has had to live through quite some trouble because Pumuckl always was up to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Gustl Bayrhammer, Hans Clarin, Toni Berger [PAR] In the 21st century, the Tracy family operate a unique private mechanized emergency response service. [PAR] Stars: Sylvia Anderson, Peter Dyneley, David Graham [PAR] Top Cat is the leader of a group of alley cats, always trying to cheat someone. [PAR] Stars: Leo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Band - Motley Crue The Band - Motley Crue [PAR] Motley Crue [PAR] Official Website for M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce [PAR] The Band [PAR] M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE is The World\u2019s Most Notorious Rock Band. Vince Neil (vocals), Mick Mars (guitar), Nikki Sixx (bass) and Tommy Lee (drums) laid the foundation for their inimitable career in the \u201980s with their genre-bending music, a mix of anthemic choruses, stadium-sized riffs, punk rock and melodic power, along with their relentless reputation, typifying an excess never before seen in modern music. [PAR] But they didn\u2019t stop there. [PAR] M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE continued to evolve through the \u201990s and beyond, releasing their NY Times best-selling book The Dirt long before it was common and cool for celebrities to have their own tomes. The page-turning rock epic offered a keyhole view into life in The CR\u00dcE. It is currently being adapted into a feature film by noted director Jeff Tremaine. [PAR] M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE reinvented itself yet again through the \u201900s and the present decade by continually doing new things, such as launching a branded tour known as Cr\u00fcefest. Also, The CR\u00dcE was the first band to do a rock residency in Las Vegas, something its peers, Def Leppard and Guns N\u2019 Roses, did after them. Their sold-out stint at the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino further elevated M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE \u2018s mythos, demonstrating the fact that they can do anything. They\u2019ve also executed impressive, innovative live production, such as Lee\u2019s roller coaster, which sends him around a 360-degree loop during his drum solo. [PAR] M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE has also become a part of the cultural lexicon, with songs featured in films like Little Nicky and Hot Tub Time Machine. \u201cKickstart My Heart\u201d was used in the award winning KIA MOTORS 2012 Super Bowl commercial, featuring Victoria\u2019s Secret supermodel Adriana Lima and UFC legend Chuck Liddell. The song is also being used in Dodge\u2019s 100th Anniversary spots in 2014. [PAR] M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE\u2019s career-spanning numbers are impressive. The band has sold 100 million albums globally; has reached seven platinum or multi-platinum certifications; 22 Top 40 mainstream rock hits; six Top 20 pop singles; a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; three Grammy nominations for Best Hard Rock Performance; and countless sold-out tours across the globe, playing to millions and generations of fans. [PAR] Besides the hook-filled, ground-breaking music, M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE\u2019s image pioneered an attitude, fashion sense and lifestyle, influencing a legion of fans who copied its look. [PAR] The members of the band have published a total of five New York Times Best-Selling books, including The Heroin Diaries and This Is Gonna Hurt by Nikki Sixx; Tommyland by Tommy Lee; Tattoos and Tequila by Vince Neil and the infamous The Dirt. [PAR] This capacity for reinvention and innovation is why Motley Crue continues to attract fans young and old \u2013 many who weren\u2019t even born during the band\u2019s early reign. That fact proves that they are the rock band for all ages and eras. [PAR] But All Bad Things Must Come To An End and Motley Crue is taking one last trip around the world embarking on its victory lap in high-impact fashion. 2014 marks the onset of M\u00d6TLEY CR\u00dcE\u2019s swan song, their Final Tour, which will take the band all the way through the end of 2015. [PAR] JOIN THE MAILING LIST[DOC] [TLE] Motley Crue's Tommy Lee: The Exit Interview - Rolling Stone Motley Crue's Tommy Lee: The Exit Interview - Rolling Stone [PAR] Motley Crue's Tommy Lee: The Exit Interview [PAR] Motley Crue's Tommy Lee: The Exit Interview [PAR] Also, see heavy-metal band play fiery \"Girls, Girls, Girls\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tempus neminem manet definition | Latin Dictionary Tempus neminem manet definition | Latin Dictionary [PAR] Time waits for no one [PAR] See also: , , , , [PAR] Latin Dictionary INDEX: [PAR] List of Terms: Terms beginning with \"A\", Page 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Current Local Time in Cairo, Egypt - timeanddate.com Current Local Time in Cairo, Egypt [PAR] About 11 mi ENE of Cairo [PAR] Alexandria International Airport, ALY"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tunisia gains independence from France | South African ... Tunisia gains independence from France | South African History Online [PAR] South African History Online [PAR] Home \u00bb Tunisia gains independence from France [PAR] Tunisia gains independence from France [PAR] Tunisia FlagTunisia Flag. Source: http://www.mapsofworld.com [PAR] Tuesday, 20 March 1956 [PAR] On 20 March 1956, Tunisia gained its independence from France after two years of negotiations between the French and the Neo-Destour (\u201cNew Constitution\u201d\u009d) party, which was backed by the trade unions. Tunisia, located below the Mediterranean ocean became a constitutional monarchy with the Bey of Tunis, Muhammad VIII al-Amin Bey, as king. [PAR] In 1957, Habib Bourguiba the country\u2019s Prime Minister, abolished the monarchy and declared the Republic of Tunisia. [PAR] In 1861, Tunisia became the first country in the Arab world to adopt a constitution. However, less than 10 years later political instability in the country forced Tunisia to declare itself bankrupt. Subsequently, Tunisia\u2019s economy became the liability of a group of British, French and Italian financial commissioners. [PAR] References: [PAR] \u2022 Arcli \u2018Tunisia\u2019 , From:Acrli[online], Available at www.acrli.org [Accessed: 21 February 2012]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Over-the-needle catheter - Medical Dictionary Over-the-needle catheter | definition of over-the-needle catheter by Medical dictionary [PAR] Over-the-needle catheter | definition of over-the-needle catheter by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/over-the-needle+catheter [PAR] catheter [PAR] [kath\u00b4\u0115-ter] [PAR] a tubular, flexible instrument, passed through body channels for withdrawal of fluids from (or introduction of fluids into) a body cavity. [PAR] Straight catheters. May have one or two eyes, a round tip, or a \u201cwhistle\u201d tip. These catheters are not self-retaining. [PAR] acorn-tipped catheter one used in ureteropyelography to occlude the ureteral orifice and prevent backflow from the ureter during and following the injection of an opaque medium. [PAR] Amplatz coronary catheter a J-shaped angiographic catheter used as an alternative to a Judkins coronary catheter in coronary arteriography . [PAR] angiographic catheter one through which a contrast medium is injected for visualization of the vascular system of an organ. Such catheters may have preformed ends to facilitate selective locating (as in a renal or coronary vessel) from a remote entry site. They may be named according to the site of entry and destination, such as femoral-renal and brachial-coronary. [PAR] arterial catheter one inserted into an artery, used as part of a catheter-transducer-monitor system to continuously observe the blood pressure of critically ill patients. An arterial catheter also may be inserted for x-ray studies of the arterial system and for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents directly into the arterial supply of malignant tumors. [PAR] atherectomy catheter a catheter containing a rotating cutter and a collecting chamber for debris, used for atherectomy and endarterectomy ; it is inserted percutaneously under radiographic guidance. [PAR] balloon catheter (balloon-tip catheter) a catheter with a balloon at the tip that may be inflated or deflated while the catheter is in place to create, enlarge, or occlude a passageway; see also balloon angioplasty . The pressure-sensitive balloon may be used to facilitate hemodynamic monitoring . [PAR] Braasch bulb catheter a bulb-tipped ureteral catheter used for dilation and determination of the inner diameter of the ureter. [PAR] Brockenbrough transseptal catheter a specialized cardiac catheter with a curved steel inner needle that can puncture the interatrial septum; used to catheterize the left ventricle when the aortic valve cannot be crossed in a retrograde approach. [PAR] Broviac catheter a central venous catheter similar to the Hickman catheter but with a smaller lumen. [PAR] cardiac catheter a long, fine catheter especially designed for passage into the chambers of the heart, usually through a peripheral blood vessel under fluoroscopic control. See also cardiac catheterization . [PAR] Castillo catheter a cardiac catheter similar to an Amplatz coronary catheter in shape and use, but shorter and introduced via the brachial artery. [PAR] central venous catheter a long, fine catheter inserted via a large vein into the superior vena cava or right atrium to administer parenteral fluids (as in parenteral nutrition ), antibiotics, or other therapeutic agents; it can also be used for measurement of central venous pressure and for temporary hemodialysis . See also central venous catheterization . [PAR] condom catheter an external urinary collection device that fits over the penis like a condom ; used in the management of urinary incontinence . [PAR] conical catheter a ureteral catheter that has a cone-shaped tip designed to dilate the lumen. [PAR] Cournand catheter a cardiac catheter with a single end hole; used for pressure measurement, usually in the right heart. [PAR] DeLee catheter a catheter used to suction meconium and amniotic debris from the nasopharynx and oropharynx of neonates. [PAR] de Pezzer catheter a self-retaining urethral catheter with a bulbous end. [PAR] directional atherectomy catheter a type of atherectomy catheter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Borah Peak | mountain, Idaho, United States | Britannica.com Borah Peak | mountain, Idaho, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] mountain, Idaho, United States [PAR] Paricut\u00edn [PAR] Borah Peak, peak in Lost River Range in Custer county, Idaho , U.S. , and\u2014at an elevation of 12,662 feet (3,859 metres)\u2014the highest point in the state. Borah Peak, which was named for William E. Borah , a U.S. senator from Idaho, is located in Challis National Forest, 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Hailey. The peak lies in a tectonically active district, and in 1983 it was the epicentre of an earthquake that measured 7.2 on the Richter scale . [PAR] Borah Peak, Idaho. [PAR] Idaho [PAR] constituent state of the United States of America. It ranks 14th among the 50 U.S. states in terms of total area. Its boundaries\u2014with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north and the U.S. states of Montana and Wyoming to the east, Utah and Nevada to the south, and Oregon and... [PAR] Richter scale [PAR] widely used quantitative measure of the magnitude of an earthquake, devised in 1935 by American seismologist Charles F. Richter. See table. Richter scale of earthquake magnitude Richter scale of earthquake magnitude magnitude level category effects earthquakes per year less than 1.0 to 2.9 micro... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: May 19, 2008 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Borah-Peak [PAR] Access Date: January 17, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci \u2013 Facts about the ... The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci \u2013 Facts about the Painting [PAR] View Complete Works [PAR] The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the most famous works of art in the world. It is a large fresco style painting on the wall of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy. It is not a true fresco because it was painted on a dry wall, instead of wet plaster. Unfortunately, because of the medium used, the work began to deteriorate fairly soon after it was painted, and so over the years numerous restoration attempts have been made to restore and preserve it. [PAR] Although it took over three years to complete, da Vinci did not actually work on it continuously. No one knows the exact date of commencement due to lost and unreliable record-keeping. [PAR] The Artist [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci was arguably one of the greatest men to have ever lived. He was an artist, scientist, architect, author, engineer, inventor, and humanist. In essence, he was a Renaissance man. Da Vinci explored and delved into things which were many centuries ahead of him. He was born in 1452 near Vinci in Italy, and died in Amboise, near Tours France in 1519. As one of the early Renaissance men, he was largely underappreciated in Florence, birth place of the Renaissance, and lived out his days under the appreciative arm of French King Francois I. [PAR] His most famous painting, the Mona Lisa stands proud amongst the collection of the Louvre, along with many of his other works. [PAR] The Last Supper [PAR] The Last Supper is among his most famous works. It is a giant fresco like painting on the side of a wall in a dining hall of a monastery. The painting was commissioned by Sforza and is the perfect subject for a dining hall in a monastery. [PAR] Da Vinci\u2019s Last Supper is depicted in this ritual meal as a religious ceremony. Christ is very much the focal point of the entire piece and we have a sense of asymmetrical symmetry as he is flanked by his disciples. There are thirteen people in all (including Christ) and we can see, presumably the figure of Judas Escariot to the right of Christ, as he was still present at the meal. Some have theorized that Mary Magdalene was sitting to the left of Christ in the painting, but this is a contradiction since there had to be twelve disciples, and she was not one of them. [PAR] It is interesting to note, that with Christ as the center piece, how he is in fact well framed by the doorway. This provides contrast between his figure and the outside, as well as bringing out eye to the most important figure on the piece. [PAR] His arms, head and body form a triangle, as well as the space on the left hand side between him and the figure to his left. The disciples are also nicely arranged into groups of three along the length of the table. [PAR] One interesting fact is that there are lines of perspective that radiate from Christ\u2019s head, indicating that he is the focal point of the painting. These perspective lines blend in with the ceiling and walls. [PAR] The painting also makes us feel as if we too are a part of it. This formula has been copied and become the standard for symbolic paintings from then on. [PAR] The Story [PAR] The Last Supper is the final meal Christ"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] .es Domain Name - Spanish .es Domain Registration ... .es Domain Name - Spanish .es Domain Registration - Register .es Spain [PAR] ?Grace period for .es domain name? [PAR] Grace periods vary for country code Top Level Domains (ccTLD) including Internationalized Domain Names (IDN). Some registries require renewal up to 60 days in advance of the domain name expiration date. It is your responsibility to pay for your Renewal Fees in advance of the due date specified by 101domain regardless of the domain name expiration date. Failure to pay your Renewal Fees prior to the cpr144449003101 due date will result in a fee of $150 to renew your .es domain. There may be a restore period between when the domain expires and when the domain can be registered again. In the event that you do not pay by the renewal date, your site may be inaccessible during this time so it is very important that you renew this extension before the renewal date. [PAR] ?.es Domains Dispute & Policy [PAR] NIC.es uses a variation of UDRP. [PAR] Relevant differences between the procedure for .es and the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) include the following: [PAR] Whereas the UDRP is limited to the protection of trademark rights against infringement through bad-faith registration and use of a domain name, under the procedure for .es a Claimant must establish that the registration or use of the domain name constitutes an infringement of rights protected in Spain, which may concern trademarks but may also concern different types of intellectual property or certain other rights (see Rules, article 2, definition of \"Derechos Previos\" and of \"Registro de Nombres de Dominio de Car\u00e1cter Especulativo o Abusivo\"). [PAR] No three-member panels are possible. [PAR] The most recent source for this dispute policy can be found at: www.icann.org/en/help/dndr/udrp/policy [PAR] Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy [PAR] 1. Purpose. [PAR] This Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the \"Policy\") has been adopted by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (\"ICANN\"), is incorporated by reference into your Registration Agreement, and sets forth the terms and conditions in connection with a dispute between you and any party other than us (the .es registrar) over the registration and use of an Internet domain name registered by you. Proceedings under Paragraph 4 of this Policy will be conducted according to the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the \"Rules of Procedure\"), which are available at www.icann.org/udrp/udrp-rules-24oct99.htm, and the selected administrative-dispute-resolution service provider's supplemental rules. [PAR] 2. Your Representations. [PAR] By applying to register a domain name, or by asking us to maintain or renew a domain name registration, you hereby represent and warrant to us that (a) the statements that you made in your Registration Agreement are complete and accurate; (b) to your knowledge, the registration of the domain name will not infringe upon or otherwise violate the rights of any third party; (c) you are not registering the domain name for an unlawful purpose; and (d) you will not knowingly use the domain name in violation of any applicable laws or regulations. It is your responsibility to determine whether your domain name registration infringes or violates someone else's rights. [PAR] 3. Cancellations, Transfers, and Changes. [PAR] We will cancel, transfer or otherwise make changes to domain name registrations under the following circumstances: [PAR] a. subject to the provisions of Paragraph 8, our receipt of written or appropriate electronic instructions from you or your authorized agent to take such action; [PAR] b. our receipt of an order from a court or arbitral tribunal, in each"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Humphry Davy Facts, information, pictures ... Sir Humphry Davy facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Sir Humphry Davy [PAR] COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. [PAR] Sir Humphry Davy [PAR] The English chemist and natural philosopher Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) isolated and named the elements of the alkaline-earth and alkali metals and showed that chlorine and iodine were elements. [PAR] Humphry Davy was born on Dec. 17, 1778, in Penzance, Cornwall. He was apprenticed when he was 16 to an apothecary in Penzance, where he evinced a great interest in chemistry and experimentation, using as his guide Lavoisier's famous work, Trait\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de chimie. His obvious talents attracted the attention of Gregory Watt and Davies Giddy (later Gilbert), both of whom recommended him to Dr. Thomas Beddoes for the position of superintendent of the newly founded Pneumatic Institution in Bristol. He worked there from October 1799 to March 1801. [PAR] The Pneumatic Institution was investigating the idea that certain diseases might be cured by the inhalation of gases. Davy, sometimes perilously, inhaled many gases and found that the respiration of nitrous oxide produced surprising results. Inhalation of \"laughing gas,\" as it was soon called, became a novel form of entertainment, although nearly 50 years passed before it was actually used as an anesthetic. Davy also experimented with the newly invented voltaic pile, or battery. [PAR] Davy left Bristol to become the lecturer in chemistry at the Royal Institution in London. Sir Joseph Banks and Count Rumford had founded the Royal Institution in 1799 as a research institute and as a place for educating young men in science and mechanics. Here Davy's genius emerged fullblown. Not only did his brilliant lectures attract a fashionable and intellectual audience, but he also continued his electrical research. In 1806 he showed that there was a real connection between electrical and chemical behavior; for this achievement Napoleon I awarded him a prize. In 1807 he electrolyzed molten potash and soda and announced the isolation of two new elements, naming them potassium and sodium. In 1808 he isolated and named calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium. Later he showed that boron, aluminum, beryllium, and fluorine existed, although he was not able to isolate them. [PAR] Lavoisier had claimed that a substance was an acid because it contained oxygen. Davy doubted the validity of this claim and in 1810 showed that \"oxymuriatic acid gas\" was not the oxide of an unknown element, murium, but a true element, which he named chlorine. [PAR] In 1812 Davy married a wealthy widow, Jane Apreece, and was knighted by the King for his great discoveries. Napoleon I invited him to visit France, even though the two countries were at war. Sir Humphry and his wife went to France in 1813, taking with them as valet and chemical assistant the 22-year-old Michael Faraday. The French presented them with a curious substance isolated from sea-weed, and Davy, working in his hotel room, was able to show that this was another new element, iodine. When he returned to England, he was asked by a group of clergymen to study the problem of providing illumination in coal mines without exploding the methane there. Davy devised the miner's safety lamp and gave the invention to the world without attempting to patent or otherwise exploit it. Working in another area, he demonstrated how electrochemical corrosion could be prevented. [PAR] In 1820, after Sir Joseph Banks had died, Sir Humphry was made president of the Royal Society. He began the needed internal reform of the society, but bad health forced him to resign in 1827."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Pop Singers of All Time: Page 3 - Top Ten List ... Best Pop Singers of All Time: Page 3 - Top Ten List - TheTopTens\u00ae [PAR] Best Pop Singers of All Time [PAR] The Contenders: Page 3 [PAR] 41 Sam Cooke [PAR] Sam Cooke was an American singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur. He is mostly known for being a part of the soul movement. [PAR] 42 Kendall Schmidt [PAR] 43 Pharrell Williams [PAR] Pharrell Lanscilo Williams is an American singer, rapper, and record producer. Williams and Chad Hugo make up the record production duo the Neptunes, producing soul, hip hop and R&B music. [PAR] 44 George Michael [PAR] Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou, known professionally by his stage name George Michael, is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer. [PAR] Originally from Wham, huge across Europe and the US. [PAR] Plus, amazing voice talent and fun songs [PAR] 45 Jennifer Lopez [PAR] Jennifer Lynn Lopez, also known as J. Lo, is an American singer, actress, dancer, fashion designer, author and producer. [PAR] 46 Akon [PAR] Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam, better known as Akon, is an American singer, rapper, songwriter, businessman, record producer and actor. [PAR] 47 Lil Wayne [PAR] Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr., also known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American rapper. He was signed to Cash Money Records by Birdman at a young age . He has been critically acclaimed and even more panned throughout his career . He's often criticized for constantly talking about money, girls, and ... read more . [PAR] 48 Will.I.Am [PAR] W i ll .i. am is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and actor known for being the lead vocalist in The Black Eyed Peas . He was born in Los Angeles, California . He has released several solo albums such as \"Songs About Girls\" and \"Will Power\" . [PAR] 49 Avril Lavigne [PAR] 50 Becky G [PAR] Rebbeca Marie Gomez, better known by her stage name Becky G, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and actress. [PAR] 51 Iggy Azalea[DOC] [TLE] T-Pain - Music on Google Play T-Pain - Music on Google Play [PAR] T-Pain [PAR] About the artist [PAR] Faheem Rashad Najm, better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer from Tallahassee, Florida. His debut album, Rappa Ternt Sanga, was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album Epiphany, which reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. His third album, Thr33 Ringz, was released in 2008. T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles, including \"I'm Sprung\", \"I'm 'n Luv\", \"Buy U a Drank\", \"Bartender\", \"Can't Believe It\", \"5 O'Clock\" and more. T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards, alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx respectively. [PAR] T-Pain is the founder of the record label imprint Nappy Boy Entertainment, established in 2005. Throughout his career as a singer, T-Pain is best known for using and popularizing the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect, used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds. From 2006 to 2010, T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles, his most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida's debut single \"Low\", which has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. [PAR] 1 [PAR] $12.99 [PAR] Revolver, is the fourth studio album by American rapper T-Pain, released through Konvict Muzik, RCA Records and his own label Nappy Boy Entertainment on December 6, 2011. It is his first album rele... [PAR] 1 [PAR] 1 [PAR] $9.99 [PAR] Revolver, is the fourth studio"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Copts - factmonster.com Copts [PAR] Encyclopedia > Philosophy and Religion > Christianity > Christianity: General [PAR] Copts [PAR] Copts (k\u014fpts) [ key ], the native Christian minority of Egypt; estimates of the number of Copts in Egypt range from 5% to 17% of the population. Copts are not ethnically distinct from other Egyptians; they are a cultural remnant, i.e., the Christians who have not been converted to Islam in the 14 centuries since the Muslim invasion. The Coptic language, now extinct, was the form of the ancient Egyptian language spoken in early Christian times; by the 12th cent. it was superseded by Arabic. [PAR] Most Copts belong to the Coptic Church, an autonomous Christian sect that officially adheres to Monophysitism , which was declared (451) a heresy by the Council of Chalcedon. The church is in communion with the Jacobite Church (also Monophysite). The Ethiopian Orthodox Church was long part of the Coptic Church, but changes in the mid-20th cent. led to autonomy for the former in 1959 when an independent Ethiopian patriarch was consecrated. In rites and customs the Coptic Church resembles other Eastern churches; however, Copts circumcise their infants before baptism and observe certain Mosaic dietary laws. Coptic, Greek, and Arabic languages are all used ceremonially. The chief bishop, the patriarch of Alexandria, is in direct succession to the 5th-century patriarchs who embraced Monophysitism; he is entitled pope. [PAR] Among the Copts a small minority are in communion with the pope; these \"Catholic Copts\" have their own organization and churches but share the rites and practices of the Coptic Church. This community began to develop in the 18th cent. Protestant missionaries have established some Coptic congregations. Besides Copts there are Orthodox communities in Egypt, mainly Greek and Syrian; the Orthodox patriarch of Alexandria traces his succession to the Catholic patriarchs of the 5th cent. There are also many Catholic Syrians, mainly Melchites and Maronites. In recent decades, Copts have been the object of attacks by Muslim fundamentalists in Egypt, especially in the aftermath of the overthrow in 2013 of President Morsi , a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, by the military. [PAR] See D. Attwater, The Christian Churches of the East (2 vol., 1947\u201348); E. Wakin, A Lonely Minority: The Story of Egypt's Copts (1963); M. K\u0101mil, Coptic Egypt (1968); O. F. A. Meindarus, Christian Egypt: Faith and Life (1970). [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. [PAR] See more Encyclopedia articles on: Christianity: General [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Advertisement[DOC] [TLE] Copts - Encyclopedia Copts - Encyclopedia [PAR] Copts [PAR] GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES [PAR] COPTS, the early native Christians of Egypt and their successors of the Monophysite sect, now racially the purest representatives of the ancient Egyptians. The name is a Europeanized form, dating perhaps from the 14th century, of the Arabic Kibt (or Kubt), which, in turn, is derived from the Greek Ai'yinrTwt, \"Egyptians\" (the Copts in the Coptic language likewise style themselves pEUNX?uw, \"people of Egypt,\" \"Egyptians\"). [PAR] The limited application of the name is explained by the circumstances of the time when Mahomet sent forth his challenge to the world and `Amr conquered Egypt (A.D. 627-641). At that time the population of Egypt was wholly Christian (except for a sprinkling of Jews, &c.), divided into two fiercely hostile sects, the Monophysites and the Melkites. The division was in great measure racial. The Melkites, adherents of the orthodox or court religion sanctioned by the council of Chalcedon, were mainly of foreign extraction, from the various Hellenistic races which peopled the Eastern Roman empire, while the bulk of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Answer Fella: A Brief History of Playing Cards - esquire.com Answer Fella: A Brief History of Playing Cards [PAR] 27 Highly Ambitious Things to Do Before You Die [PAR] A Brief History of Playing Cards [PAR] Esquire's Answer Fella believes that there are no stupid questions, just stupid people who don't ask questions, fearing they'll look stupid. So ask Answer Fella anything. If he doesn't know the answer, he'll find out who does or who has a guess that sounds right. [PAR] By Answer Fella [PAR] Jan 29, 2007 [PAR] I once heard that there's a story behind a deck of playing cards, i.e., the suicide king had his heart broken by the queen of hearts. Is this true? What's the tale? [PAR] If only it were that simple. The true story is that the queen of hearts was once wed to the king of hearts, until he caught her giving the jack of diamonds a royal flush, whereupon he yanked the jack off, grabbed the nearby ace of spades, and clubbed them both to death. [PAR] Advertisement - Continue Reading Below [PAR] But seriously. Playing cards are cultural artifacts tracing back at least a millennium, beginning in China before A.D. 1000. By the 13th century, they had reached the Middle East; the oldest known deck, from Egypt's Mamluk period, already consisted of 52 cards. [PAR] The Islamic suits were adapted variously in southern Europe in the late 14th century, and figures and caricatures were added. The pattern that we now consider standard -- hearts, clubs, spades, diamonds, kings, queens, and jacks -- originated in France in the mid-15th century. The French liked to use representations of specific persons on their court cards, but they varied from deck to deck, place to place, and time to time. These featured kings supposed to represent Charlemagne, Alexander the Great, Caesar, and King David, and queenly portrayals of Pallas, Greek goddess of war and wisdom, Helen of Troy, and Rachel and Judith, two Old Testament heroines. Speculation abounds about the jacks, but most experts agree that they are based on La Hire, one of Joan of Arc's comrades; Hector, a prince of Troy; Judas Maccabaeus, an ancient Jewish warrior; and Brad Pitt. [PAR] Got a question? Send it to Answer Fella via esquire.com/talk . [PAR] More from Esquire:[DOC] [TLE] The Fall of Troy ][ Epic Playing Cards by duxoop \u2014Kickstarter The Fall of Troy ][ Epic Playing Cards by duxoop \u2014 Kickstarter [PAR] 237 [PAR] backers [PAR] Hi, hello and howdy. Thanks!!! for checking out my campaign for a custom, hand-illustrated deck of playing cards. This unique poker-sized deck depicts scenes and characters from the legendary Trojan War . [PAR] I am Chris Staples . duxoop is where I make stuff. This is The Fall of Troy ... [PAR] Why Back The Fall of Troy? [PAR] Because you love high quality. [PAR] Because you love creativity. [PAR] Because you love poker. [PAR] Because you love the people who love the above. [PAR] I have been a professional designer for nearly twenty years (yikes) and have had experience with many kinds of print jobs, including playing cards. I plan to have the deck printed at MPC in order to utilize some of the exciting new techniques and technologies that they are playing with. In short, if you like what you see in this campaign, you will love the finished product. [PAR] Ajax ][ King of Hearts [PAR] While adhering to time honored conventions of playing card design, the Fall of Troy presents a unique style within the class of custom decks. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bering - definition of Bering by The Free Dictionary Bering - definition of Bering by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Bering - definition of Bering by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bering [PAR] Related to Bering: Vitus Bering [PAR] Ber\u00b7ing [PAR] (b\u00eer\u2032\u012dng, b\u00e2r\u2032-, b\u0103r\u2032- b\u0101\u2032r\u012dng), Vitus 1681-1741. [PAR] Danish navigator and explorer who in 1728 sailed through the Bering Strait, proving that Asia and North America are separate continents. [PAR] Bering [PAR] (\u02c8b\u025br\u026a\u014b; \u02c8b\u025b\u0259r-; Danish \u02c8be\u02d0re\u014b) or [PAR] Behring [PAR] n [PAR] (Biography) Vitus (\u02c8vi\u02d0t\u028as). 1681\u20131741, Danish navigator, who explored the N Pacific for the Russians and discovered Bering Island and the Bering Strait [PAR] Ber\u2022ing [PAR] 1680\u20131741, Danish navigator: explorer of the N Pacific. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Bering - Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] civil time [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] When he got abroad at last he was hardly grateful that he had been spared, remem- bering how lonely was his estate, how companionless and forlorn he was. [PAR] View in context [PAR] We are getting near Bering Sea, and there are storms and blizzards. [PAR] And when the ice goes out of Bering Sea, the man and woman go away on a steamship. [PAR] Five Chinese ships in Bering Sea as Obama visits Alaska [PAR] Abstract--Seasonal migration of commercial-size ([greater than or equal to] 102 mm carapace width [CW]), morphometrically mature (MM) snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) from the eastern Bering Sea was examined in relation to the summer distribution of mature females to identify spatiotemporal overlap of males and females and determine the likelihood of mating associations for specific reproductive stages. [PAR] Seasonal migrations of morphometrically mature male snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to mating dynamics [PAR] Cognitive psychologist Jesse Bering attempted to answer this question by adopting a naturalistic explanation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Texas Papers on Latin America - LANIC Charismatic Leadership and the Transition to Democracy:The Rise of Carlos Sa\u00fal Menem in Argentine Politics [PAR] Charismatic Leadership and the Transition to Democracy: [PAR] The Rise of Carlos Sa\u00fal Menem in Argentine Politics [PAR] by [PAR] Catholic University of Buenos Aires [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In December 1983 Ra\u00fal Alfons\u00edn took office as president of Argentina to end almost eight years of military rule. As the country started its transition to democracy, a process begun in late 1982, after Argentina's defeat in the South Atlantic War, a discredited and humiliated regime decided to call for general elections to avoid social and political chaos. The two main political parties, the Peronists and the Radicals, ran candidates for president: \u00cdtalo Luder for the Partido Justicialista (PJ.the Peronists) and Ra\u00fal Alfons\u00edn for the Uni\u00f3n C\u00edvica Radical (UCR). The Pe ronists hoped a prestigious ticket would attract the votes of the middle class. Luder was president of the Senate during the previous Peronist government and was a recognized specialist in constitutional law. Deolindo Bittel, his running mate, was a respe cted politician from the Province of Chaco. [PAR] Both Luder and Bittel received clear support from the trade unions, which played a leading role in the organization of public rallies during the electoral campaign. For various reasons, however, labor support turned out to be harmful. To start with, the c ampaign's continual references to the old Peronist traditions were inappropriate in a country that had changed radically from the one Per\u00f3n ruled as president beginning in 1946, and later in 1973. Second, the violent and aggressive attitudes of the trade unionists scared away not only part of the middle class but also the lower classes, who did not feel represented by the gangs that attended the Peronist rallies. [PAR] Ra\u00fal Alfons\u00edn, on the other hand, was relatively new to politics. After the death of Ricardo Balb\u00edn, the leader of the UCR, Alfons\u00edn became president of the party and engineered a gradual change in the UCR's traditional stance toward positions more akin to those of Europe's Social Democratic parties. The perception of him as a modern and progressive politician surrounded by young, talented advisers with political experience gained during the recent resistance to the military d ictatorship gave Alfons\u00edn a halo of heroism and boldness. Well-crafted political and propaganda campaigns targeted not only to the UCR's traditional constituency.the middle class.but also to the poor neighborhoods, which had traditionally voted for Peronists, allowed the UCR to defeat the Peronists for the first time in a clean presidential election in October 1983. [PAR] Many politicians, academics, and journalists essayed different interpretations of the election results. Some maintained that the Argentine electorate had finally matured and was leaning toward politicians who no longer spoke with the heart. Others rejoice d because Argentine political practices had grown to such an extent that Peronism's irrational and emotional speeches had been replaced by more rational and \"scientific\" arguments. [PAR] Nevertheless, in the presidential elections held six years later, the Radicals were defeated by Carlos Menem, the Peronist candidate, a populist leader from a poor province of the interior who reminded the electorate of Per\u00f3n's political style. Thi s time the emotional and sentimental speeches defeated the \"rationality\" of Eduardo Angeloz, the Radical candidate, and again gave rise to various interpretations about why the election had turned out as it had. In general, analysts pointed out that Menem represented a new leader who had taken up Per\u00f3n's charismatic leadership style. Further, ordinary people, tired of technical explanations about the current social and economic crisis,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Solyanka soup recipe: Russian soup with smoked meats ... Solyanka soup recipe: Russian soup with smoked meats (Solianka)Russian Food [PAR] Sharlotka \u2013 Russian apple cake \u2192 [PAR] Solyanka soup recipe, Russian smoked meat soup [PAR] Meat Solyanka is a well known Russian and Ukrainian soup with sour and smoked meaty flavour. There are meat, fish and vegetable (mushroom) Solyanka but today we are cooking the meat one. Russian barrel salted (not pickled!) cucumbers are always used in Solyanka and they give the soup that distinctive salty and sour taste. Sometimes some pickle brine is also added. In meat Solyanka you are supposed to use several types of meats (at least 3 different types), most of the meats should be smoked. Usually in Russia meat Solyanka would be cooked on the base of classical meat bouillon (broth) into which other ingredients would be added. For meats in Solyanka soup all kinds of smocked supplies are used: ham, sausages, frankfurters, chicken, bacon and in Russia it is popular to add some typical Russian \u2018boiled\u2019 sausage of Bologna type. It probably has to do with a total deficit of good meats in the Soviet era. Here in the UK I cook Solyanka soup (which my US husband loves very much!) with handy smoked meats you can find in any food store or at the butcher. See the recipe of Solyanka soup and pictures below [PAR] Russian meat Solyanka soup recipe [PAR] Ingredients for 4 helpings of Russian Solyanka meat soup: [PAR] 1,2 litres (about 5 cups) low salt meat or chicken bouillon / stock (I use my own chicken stock that I make with very little salt). Alternatively you can use just water or half-and-half [PAR] 1 large onion finely diced [PAR] 1 large carrot grated [PAR] 70 g pancetta or bacon chopped [PAR] 100 g smocked cooking chorizo or other smoked pork sausage chopped [PAR] 160 g smocked chicken breast (or other smocked meat) cubed [PAR] 3 large barrel-salted cucumbers (available from a Russian, Polish or Lithuanian shop, in the US also available at deli individually packed as a snack) finely chopped [PAR] 3 Tsp tomato pur\u00e9e [PAR] sour cream or cr\u00e8me fra\u00eeche (optional) [PAR] Method: [PAR] In a deep pot put the bouillon for Solyanka soup on to warm it up. In a deep frying pan (like wok) fry pancetta, chorizo (bacon or/and any other cooking meat(s) you are using) on the medium fire. When the fat is melted out add chopped onion and grated carrot. Fry for a while but don\u2019t let them get brown. Add chopped salty cucumbers and let cook for 5 minutes. Add tomato pur\u00e9e, paprika and capers, if you like them, mix all well and turn off the gas. [PAR] When the bouillon for Solyanka soup starts to boil add the cubed potato, let boil and then simmer for 5 minutes on a small heat. Now add the fried-up stuff into the Solyanka soup and add all the rest cubed smoked or un-smoked meats like chicken breast, beef tongue , etc. Let the Solyanka soup simmer slowly for 5-10 minutes, then taste for salt. If Solyanka soup is not salty enough, add some pickle brine into the soup. Turn off the fire, cover with the lid and let the Solyanka soup seat for several hours. This will make the soup better, believe me! Russian Solyanka soup is even better the next day! [PAR] Serve Russian meat Solyanka soup with a thin slice of lemon, chopped dill and/or parsnip and several olives in every bowl. Add sour cream to taste. Solyanka soup is great in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myxomatosis myxoma virus - a threat to wild and domestic ... Myxomatosis myxoma virus - a threat to wild and domestic rabbits [PAR] Pet Diseases abroad [PAR] Myxomatosis [PAR] Myxomatosis is caused by the myxoma virus, a type of pox virus that only affects rabbits. It was first discovered in 1896 in Uruguay and was imported to Australia in 1951 to control its large rabbit populations - initially having the desired devastating effect. The disease was illegally introduced to France in 1952 and it appeared in Britain the following year. It quickly spread to both wild and domestic rabbit populations and within a few years had spread throughout Europe. Myxomatosis has been a threat to wild and domestic rabbits ever since. [PAR] Who is at risk? [PAR] All rabbits, whether wild or domestic are at risk of myxomatosis. [PAR] How is it spread? [PAR] Myxomatosis is typically spread by blood sucking insects and in particular the rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi. This flea is frequently found on wild rabbits and transmission in the absence of bites is unusual. All breeds of domestic rabbit can be affected, with little to suggest that one breed is more susceptible than another, and whatever the lifestyle of your rabbit there is a potential risk of this disease. [PAR] Signs and symptoms [PAR] The incubation period varies depending on the strain and its virulence and is typically at least five days. Accompanying the classic bulging eyes that most of us associate with myxomatosis, are localised swellings around the head, face, ears, lips, anus and genitalia. Severe swellings can lead to blindness and distortion around the face within a day or so of the onset of symptoms, leading to difficulty with feeding and drinking. Bacterial respiratory infection often complicates the disease resulting in a fatal pneumonia. [PAR] Progress of the disease may be slower in well cared for pet rabbits and recovery is sometimes possible with intensive care. However, myxomatosis can be a very protracted and profoundly unpleasant disease and euthanasia is generally recommended. Recovery in the wild occasionally occurs but for animals with severe signs death usually occurs about 12 days after initial infection. [PAR] Management of myxomatosis [PAR] There is no specific treatment for the virus and any treatment offered is merely supportive. Treatment is occasionally contemplated but would not usually be recommended for rabbits with the full-blown disease since affected individuals suffer dreadfully, have a low chance of survival and they remain a source of infection for other rabbits. The occasional individuals with milder disease may, however, recover with appropriate care. [PAR] Control of myxomatosis [PAR] To help prevent your rabbit from contracting myxomatosis, it is important to put various controls in place, for which there are two main methods: control of parasites and vaccination. [PAR] Flea control [PAR] Always keep a regular check on pets for any signs of fleas and consider the regular use of an insecticidal treatment from your vet. There is also evidence to suggest that mosquitoes and other biting flies may transmit myxomatosis in the UK, so nets and insect repellent can be used to combat this threat in warmer weather. Your vet will be able to advise you further on these measures, since not all products are suitable or safe for rabbits. [PAR] Vaccination [PAR] A dual vaccination covering both myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) has recently been launched in the UK and is designed to replace the older myxomatosis-only product during 2012. This new vaccine provides efficient and effective protection of rabbits against both diseases [PAR] Vaccination schedule [PAR] It is recommended that a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] He looks about as happy as a penguin in a microwave. He looks about as happy as a penguin in a microwave. [PAR] Died: August 11, 2012 (aged 72) [PAR] Nationality: British [PAR] Occupation: Entertainer [PAR] Bio: Sid Waddell was an English sports commentator and television personality. He was nicknamed 'The Voice of Darts' due to his fame as a dart commentator, and worked for Granada, Yorkshire, BBC, and Sky Sports television broadcasters. He was nominated for two prestigious awards for his work, and published several books.[DOC] [TLE] Sid Waddell funeral: Freddie Flintoff and Eric Bristow ... Sid Waddell funeral: Freddie Flintoff and Eric Bristow among mourners to pay tribute to the voice of darts - Mirror Online [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Voice of darts Sid Waddell checked out today\u2026 with a galaxy of sporting stars saying a sad farewell. [PAR] Mourners paid tribute to Sid Waddell, whose one-liners took darts from a pub game to a \u201cglobal phenomenon.\u201d [PAR] The sports commentator - nicknamed \u2018the voice of darts\u2019 - died earlier this month, the day after his 72nd birthday. [PAR] Former England cricketer Freddie Flintoff and darts stars Eric Bristow and Cliff Lazarenko were among 300 friends and relatives who packed the parish church in Pudsey, West Yorks, Sid\u2019s home town. [PAR] Although he gained a degree in modern history at Cambridge University it was his love of the game of darts that gained him an worldwide audience. [PAR] The famous \u2018Sid-isms\u2019 delivered in his thick Geordie accent during darts tournament became legend. [PAR] Barry Hearn, chairman of the Professional Darts Corporation told the congregation: \u201cSid took a pub game and made it into a global phenomenon. [PAR] \u201cHe was a great man and millions turned on to hear him speak. Sid Waddell was a legend. [PAR] Greatly missed: Darts will never forget the genius of \"The Geordie Lip\" [PAR] [PAR] \u201cSid, if you\u2019re up there at that oche in the sky, we are going to miss you, love you, we will never forget you and we are very, very grateful for the contribution you have made to our lives.\u201d [PAR] The darts chief revealed that there were plans to commemorate the commentator by naming a world championship trophy after him. [PAR] Sid\u2019s long-term commentating pal, Dave Lanning, said: \u201cIt has been the greatest honour and privilege of my working life to sit for 20 years and share so many great moments with one of the great, original, innovative and wonderfully amusing broadcasters of all time.\u201d [PAR] The son of a Northumberland miner had been suffering from bowel cancer for almost a year. [PAR] He leaves wife Irene, 68, and children Dan, Charlotte, Lucy, Emma and Nicholas. [PAR] After hearing of his death, Stephen Fry, who once shared the commentary box with Sid, tweeted: \u201cFarewell Sid Waddell: Cambridge educated but always loyal to darts and his beloved NE: master of the wild epithet & the true voice of darts.\u201d [PAR] He was cremated at a family service before the funeral service took place. [PAR] His son Dan, told the mourners: \u201cHe burned very brightly and it feels very, very dark now that he has gone. [PAR] \u201cHe was no angel and could get emotional but as a dada and grandad he was brilliant. [PAR] \u201cHe was a more like a mate. I could talk to him about anything.\u201d [PAR] He also revealed some \u201cunique\u201d advice his dad gave him when he was ten; \u2018never trust a man who doesn\u2019t drink.\u2019 [PAR] And told how his dad was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mosul Dam: Why the battle for water matters in Iraq - BBC Mosul Dam: Why the battle for water matters in Iraq - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Mosul Dam: Why the battle for water matters in Iraq [PAR] By Alex Milner BBC News [PAR] 18 August 2014 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image copyright AFP/Getty [PAR] Image caption The Mosul dam is the water and electricity lifeline to the 1.7 million residents of Mosul [PAR] Whoever controls the Mosul Dam, the largest in Iraq, controls most of the country's water and power resource. [PAR] When Saddam Hussein built the dam three decades ago, it was meant to serve as a symbol of his leadership and Iraq's strength. [PAR] The dam is the latest key strategic battleground in northern Iraq between militants from Islamic State (IS), who took it on 7 August, and Kurdish and Iraqi forces supported by American airpower. [PAR] Located on the River Tigris about 50km (30 miles) upstream from the city of Mosul, the dam controls the water and power supply to a large surrounding area in northern Iraq. [PAR] Its generators can produce 1010 megawatts of electricity, according to the website of the Iraqi State Commission for Dams and Reservoirs. [PAR] The structure also holds back over 12 billion cubic metres of water that are crucial for irrigation in the farming areas of Iraq's western Nineveh province. [PAR] Instrument of war [PAR] However, since its completion in the 1980s, the dam has required regular maintenance involving injections of cement on areas of leakage. [PAR] The US government has invested more than $30m (\u00a317.9m) on monitoring and repairs, working together with Iraqi teams. [PAR] Image copyright AFP [PAR] Image caption The black flags of jihadist group Islamic State flew over the Mosul dam for 10 days before it was recaptured by Kurdish and Iraqi ground forces [PAR] In 2007, the then commanding general of US forces in Iraq, David Petraeus, and the then US ambassador to Iraq, Ryan Crocker, warned Iraq's PM Nouri Maliki that the structure was highly dangerous because it was built on unstable soil foundation. [PAR] \"A catastrophic failure of Mosul dam would result in flooding along the Tigris river all the way to Baghdad,\" they said in a letter. [PAR] \"Assuming a worst-case scenario, an instantaneous failure of Mosul dam filled to its maximum operating level could result in a flood wave 20 metres (65.5ft) deep at the city of Mosul,\" it said. [PAR] Writing to Congress, President Obama cited the potentially massive loss of civilian life and the possible threat to the US embassy in Baghdad. [PAR] Those dangers, he wrote, were sufficient reasons for deploying air power to support Kurdish forces trying to recapture the dam. [PAR] 'Method in their madness' [PAR] Relief in Washington and Baghdad will only come when IS militants, who have sought control of water resources before, have been stopped from using the dam as an instrument of war. [PAR] The deployment of air power by the US in support of Kurdish forces has shown how seriously the White House takes the potential threat posed by IS control of the dam. [PAR] The Fallujah dam, in the Nuamiyah area of the city, in Iraq's western Anbar province, fell under IS control in February. [PAR] However, the group has so far failed in its attempts to capture the Haditha dam, Iraq's second largest, from the army. [PAR] Image copyright AP [PAR] Image caption The Tigris River crosses Iraq and Syria at Fishkhabour, where displaced Yazidis have travelled to escape the Islamic State advance [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Are Isolines - geography.about.com What Are Isolines [PAR] What Are Isolines [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 02, 2016. [PAR] Topographic maps use a wide variety of symbols to represent human and physical features, including isolines, which are often used on maps to represent points of equal value. [PAR] Isolines, also referred to as contour lines, can be used to represent elevation on a map by connecting points of equal elevation, for instance. These imaginary lines provide a good visual representation of the terrain. As with all isolines, when contour lines lie close together, they represent a steep slope; lines far apart represent a gradual slope. [PAR] But isolines can also be used to show other variables on a map besides terrain, and in other themes of study. For example, the first map of Paris used isolines to depict population distribution in that city, rather than physical geography. Maps using isolines and their variations have been used by astronomer Edmond Halley (of Halley's comet) and by doctor John Snow to better understand an 1854 cholera epidemic in England. [PAR] This is a list of some common (as well as obscure) types of isolines used on maps to represent different features of terrain, such as elevation and atmosphere, distances, magnetism and other visual representations not easily shown on a two-dimensional depiction. The prefix \"iso-\" means \"equal.\" [PAR] Isobar [PAR] A line representing points of equal atmospheric pressure. [PAR] Isobath [PAR] A line representing points of equal depth under water. [PAR] Isobathytherm [PAR] A line representing depths of water with equal temperature. [PAR] Isochasm [PAR] A line representing points of equal recurrence of auroras. [PAR] Isocheim [PAR] A line representing points of equal mean winter temperature. [PAR] Isochrone [PAR] A line representing points of equal time-distance from a point, such as the transportation time from a particular point. [PAR] Isodapane [PAR] A line representing points of equal transport costs for products from production to markets. [PAR] Isodose [PAR] A line representing points of equal intensity of radiation. [PAR] Isodrosotherm [PAR] A line representing points of equal dew point. [PAR] Isogeotherm [PAR] A line representing points of equal mean temperature. [PAR] Isogloss [PAR] A line separating linguistic features. [PAR] Isogonal [PAR] A line representing points of equal magnetic declination. [PAR] Isohaline [PAR] A line representing points of equal salinity in the ocean. [PAR] Isohel [PAR] A line representing points receiving equal amounts of sunshine. [PAR] Isohume [PAR] A line representing points of equal humidity. [PAR] Isohyet [PAR] A line representing points of equal precipitation. [PAR] Isoneph [PAR] A line representing points of equal amounts of cloud cover. [PAR] Isopectic [PAR] A line representing points where ice begins to form at the same time each fall or winter. [PAR] Isophene [PAR] A line representing points where biological events occur at the same time, such as crops flowering. [PAR] Isoplat [PAR] A line representing points of equal acidity, as in acid precipitation. [PAR] Isopleth [PAR] A line representing points of equal numerical value, such as population. [PAR] Isopor [PAR] A line representing points of equal annual change in magnetic declination. [PAR] Isostere [PAR] A line representing points of equal atmospheric density. [PAR] Isotac [PAR] A line representing points where ice begins to melt at the same time each spring. [PAR] Isotach [PAR] A line representing points of equal wind speed. [PAR] Isothere [PAR] A line representing points of equal mean summer temperature. [PAR] Isotherm [PAR] A line representing points of equal temperature. [PAR] Isotim[DOC] [TLE] Contour line - GIS Wiki | The GIS Encyclopedia Contour line - GIS Wiki | The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New national flags - Flags Australia Newly Adopted Flags [PAR] [PAR] New National Flags [PAR] National flags change over time and it is difficult for flag books to stay current. New national flags of the past ten years are shown below. All artwork is by Ralph Kelly unless otherwise stated. [PAR] [PAR] Paraguay [PAR] The flag of Paraguay was altered on 15 July 2013 to show new drawings of the emblems. The front of the flag has the coat of arms, which has been simplified, and the reverse shows the revised Treasury arms. The introduction of new arms was one of the last acts of outgoing President Federico Franco. The drawing of the Paraguay arms has been altered on at least four occasions over the past 100 years and the latest change is intended to bring the design closer to its original form.[DOC] [TLE] flag of Libya | Britannica.com flag of Libya | Britannica.com [PAR] Flag of Libya [PAR] national flag consisting of three unequal horizontal stripes of (top to bottom) red, black, and green, with a white crescent and star centred on the larger black stripe. It has a width-to-length ratio of 1 to 2. [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] flag of Canada [PAR] Under Italian colonial rule from 1911 until 1942, Libya had no flag of its own. Subsequently, under British and French administration, only the Union Jack and the French Tricolor were flown. Nevertheless, the San\u016bsiyyah (Sennusiya), a powerful Islamic sect, had long displayed flags of black with inscriptions from the Qur\u02be\u0101n. In 1947 the San\u016bs\u012b leader became the king of Cyrenaica , which, with Tripolitania and Fezzan , became the United Kingdom of Libya. [PAR] Cyrenaica\u2019s black flag with a white star and crescent was not acceptable as a national flag for all of Libya; consequently, green and red horizontal stripes were added to represent Tripolitania and Fezzan, respectively, when the Libyan flag was established in 1949. No change was introduced at independence on December 24, 1951, but in 1969 the monarchy was overthrown by Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi . He adopted a flag of red-white-black horizontal stripes in imitation of the Arab Liberation Flag that had been flown unofficially in neighbouring Egypt (the Arab Liberation Flag also influenced the design of the current national flag of Egypt ). [PAR] The Arab Liberation Flag, flown in Egypt from 1952 (the year the Egyptian monarchy was overthrown) \u2026 [PAR] Qaddafi broke diplomatic relations with Egypt when its president, Anwar el-S\u0101d\u0101t , went to Israel to broker a peace agreement. The national flag of Libya was changed at that time to reflect Libyan revulsion at S\u0101d\u0101t\u2019s break with the anti-Israel front of Arab states. In its place Qaddafi established a plain green flag in November 1977, symbolic of the \u201cGreen Revolution\u201d that he promised would bring a new life for the people. Under the Roman Empire, Libya had been an area of rich farmland, but increasing desertification had impoverished the land. Qaddafi sought to find adequate water supplies and other resources that would make Libya green again. Green was also considered symbolic of Islam . Following the overthrow of Qaddafi in 2011, the 1949 flag was reinstated on August 3 as Libya\u2019s national flag. [PAR] National flag of Libya (1977\u20132011)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many gold medals will the U.S. win ... - Yahoo Sports How many gold medals will the U.S. win? Sizing up the odds of the Sochi Olympics [PAR] How many gold medals will the U.S. win? Sizing up the odds of the Sochi Olympics [PAR] Jay Busbee [PAR] Pin it [PAR] Share [PAR] The Olympics are here, and with them come thousands of opportunities for friendly wagers amongst friends. How many medals will the United States win? Will the Jamaican bobsled team crash? Bovada has crafted odds for almost every conceivable scenario, and we've got a few of them right here. (All lines are for entertainment purposes only, unless you win big, in which case we'll expect a cut.) [PAR] The U.S. is a 5/2 favorite to win the most gold medals (wager $2 to win $5), but those aren't the best odds. Norway is actually a 6/5 favorite to win the most golds at the Winter Games, which makes a lot of sense, if you think about it. Germany is 7/1, Russia and Canada are 9/1, and then it's a long dropoff to the next nation. The over-under for total gold medals earned by the U.S. stands at 10.5. [PAR] But what if you're into quantity over quality? Then the Americans take the lead; the United States is a 1/1 favorite to win the most medals overall. Norway is just behind at 9/5, with the other three big-dog nations (Germany, Russia, Canada) following close behind. [PAR] [ Related: Olympic medal predictions ] [PAR] You can get a sense of what oddsmakers believe will occur, or what oddsmakers believe bettors want to occur, by taking a close look at some of the more focused lines. For instance, the Canadian and U.S. women's hockey teams are overwhelming favorites with nearly identical odds of 5/6 and 10/11, respectively. Nobody else is anywhere closer than 18/1. On the men's side, Canada and Russia stand at 2/1 and 9/4, respectively. [PAR] Of note: the men's odds were set before the announcement of Steven Stamkos' absence, and likely will change as a result. Stamkos was predicted to be one of the top goal scorers at 8/1 to lead overall; only Alex Ovechkin (6/1) edged him. Sidney Crosby (9/1) and Patrick Kane (10/1) are close behind. [PAR] [ Related: Lightning star Stamkos to miss Olympics ] [PAR] In the stranger bets, you can lay money on Jamaica to crash, if you're so inclined; that's a 3/1 play. (The team is 50/1 odds to win a medal.) [PAR] In the figure skating arena, the United States' female skaters are not even close to favorites. Ashley Wagner is 18/1 and Gracie Gold is 25/1 to win gold. In skiing, Team USA's Ted Ligety has far better odds, 10/11 to win gold. [PAR] ____ [PAR] Jay Busbee is a writer for Yahoo Sports. Have a tip? Email him at jay.busbee@yahoo.com or follow him on Twitter."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CHISWICK EYOT - explorion.net explorion.net \u2022 Travel & Exploration \u2022 The Naturalist on the Thames \u2022 CHISWICK EYOT [PAR] England [PAR] It has been said that Thames eyots always seem to have been put in place by a landscape gardener. Chiswick Eyot is no exception to the rule. It covers nearly four acres of ground, and lies like a long ship, parallel with the ancient terrace of Chiswick Mall, from which it is separated by a deep, narrow stream, haunted by river-birds, and once a famous fishery. [PAR] A salmon, perhaps the last, was caught between the eyot and Putney in 1812, though the rent of the fishery used to be paid in salmon, when it was worked by the good Cavalier merchant, Sir Nicholas Crispe. The close-time for the fishery was observed regularly at the beginning of the century, the fishing commencing on January 1st, and ending on September 4th. There are those who believe that with the increased purification of the Thames, the next generation may perhaps throw a salmon-fly from Chiswick Eyot. In the early summer of 1895 a fine porpoise appeared above the island. At half-past eight it followed the ebb down the river, having \"proved\" the stream for forty miles from its mouth, and being apparently well pleased with its condition. At Putney it lingered, as might be expected of a Thames porpoise, opposite a public-house. Two sportsmen went out in a boat to shoot it; instead, they hit some spectators on the bank. Flowers abound on the eyot. The irises have all been taken, but what was the lowest clump, opposite Syon House, has lost its pride of place, for now there are some by the Grove Park Estate below Kew Bridge. The centre of the eyot is yellow with patches of marsh-marigold in the hot spring days. Besides the marsh-marigolds there are masses of yellow camomile, comfrey, ragged robin, and tall yellow ranunculus, growing on the muddy banks and on the sides of the little creeks among the willows, and a vast number of composite flowers of which I do not know the names. Common reeds are also increasing there, with big water-docks, and on the edge of the cam-shedding of the lawn which fronts my house some of the tallest giant hemlocks which I have ever seen, have suddenly appeared. I notice that in Papworth's views of London, published in 1816, arrowhead is seen growing at the foot of the Duke of Buckingham's water-gate, which is now embedded at the back of the embankment gardens at Charing Cross. There is still plenty of it opposite Hammersmith Mall, half a mile below Chiswick Eyot. The reach opposite and including the eyot is the sole piece of the natural London river which remains interesting, and largely unspoilt. I trust that if urban improvers ever want to embank the \"Mall\" or the eyot, public opinion will see its way to keeping this unique bit of the London river as it is. Already there have been proposals for a tram-line running all the length of the Mall, either at the front or behind it. The island belongs to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. There is a certain sense of the country about the eyot, because it is rated as agricultural land, though its lower end is inside the London boundary. The agriculture pursued on it is the growing of osiers. These, frequently inundated by high tides, and left dry when the ebb begins, are some of the finest on the Thames. At the present moment (January 5, 1902) they are being cut and stacked in bundles."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aprilia Motorcycles - Motorcycle USA Aprilia Motorcycles - Motorcycle USA [PAR] Aprilia Motorcycles [PAR] Home [PAR] Aprilia Motorcycles [PAR] Aprilia set up shop in Noale after WWII, with founder Alberto Beggio\u2019s company originally producing bicycles. The second generation Beggio, son Ivano, saw the introduction of motorized bikes in 1968 with small-displacement mopeds like the Colibri and Daniela. Aprilia currently manufactures high-performance street motorcycles including the supermoto Dorsoduro, Tuono streetfighter and RSV4 superbike, with the latter model enjoying wide success in the World Superbike series. [PAR] Aprilia Motorcycle Videos [PAR] 2012 Superbike Smackdown IX Track Shootout Video [PAR] *This video and test was originally published June 25, 2012. In the spirit of #throwbackthursday, we present a combined, full-length installment of MotoUSA\u2019s 2012 Superbike Smackdown IX Shootout, at the racetrack, featuring Aprilia\u2019s RSV4 Factory, BMW\u2019s S1000RR, Ducati\u2019s 1199 Panigale, Honda\u2019s CBR1000RR, Kawasaki\u2019s Ninja ZX-10R, KTM\u2019s RC8R, MV Agusta\u2019s F4R, Suzuki\u2019s GSX-R1000, and Yamaha\u2019s YZF-R1. [\u2026][DOC] [TLE] Scooter Manufacturer's Directory | Motorcycle Cruiser Links Scooter Manufacturer's Directory | Motorcycle Cruiser Links [PAR] Jialing USA \u2013 China based manufacturer exports to North, Central, and South America. [PAR] Jiangsu Linhai \u2013 China based motorcycle scooter and engine manufacturer. Makes engines for Yamaha. [PAR] Jiangsu Linzhi \u2013 Chinese Manufacturer. The Jiangsu Linzhi Shanyang Group Co., Ltd owns the SHAN YANG\u201d, \u201cXIN BAO\u201d, \u201cXI LI\u201d and \u201cZHI HAO brands. [PAR] Jiangsu Xinling \u2013 The Jiangsu Xinling Motorcycle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is a Chinese manufacturer. [PAR] Jincheng \u2013 The Nanjing Jincheng Suzuki Motorcycle Co., Ltd. is a Japanese joint venture between Jincheng Corporation, Suzuki Co., Ltd. and Ganggu Machinery Co. Ltd. Japan. [PAR] Jonway \u2013 Chinese motorcycle manufacturer. [PAR] Kaiton Motor \u2013 Chinese manufacturer of small motorcycles and scooters. [PAR] Kinetic Engineering Ltd. \u2013 Indian manufacturer of scooters. Founded in 1970. [PAR] Kinroad Xintian Ltd. \u2013 Chinese manufacturer of motorcycles and scooters. [PAR] KYMCO \u2013 USA \u2013 KYMCO is the largest scooter and small motorcycle manufacturer in Taiwan. They currently export to 86 countries worldwide. [PAR] Lifan \u2013 Chinese manufacturer of motorcycles and scooters. [PAR] LML Motorcycles& Scooters \u2013 India based manufacturer. Also markets other brands. [PAR] Lingben \u2013 (See Zhejiang Lingtian below) \u2013 Chinese motorcycle manufacturer. [PAR] Linhai \u2013 (See Jiangsu above) \u2013 China based motorcycle scooter and engine manufacturer. Makes engines for Yamaha. [PAR] Malaguti \u2013 Italian manufacturer of scooters and small motorcycles. [PAR] MBK \u2013 French scooter manufacturer. Subsidiary of Yamaha (news release). [PAR] Modenas \u2013 Malaysian scooter manufacturer. [PAR] Monto Motors \u2013 India based manufacturer of motorcycles and scooters. [PAR] Motofino USA \u2013 Manufacturer or small motorcycles and scooters. Florida, USA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mayor of Casterbridge (TV Movie 2003) - IMDb The Mayor of Casterbridge (TV Movie 2003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Mayor of Casterbridge ( 2003 ) [PAR] 3h 16min [PAR] At a country fair, young hay-trusser Michael Henchard quarrels with his wife Susan, and in a drunken fit decides to auction off his wife and baby to a sailor for five guineas. The next day,... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 07 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 05 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 26 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 03 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Title: The Mayor of Casterbridge (TV Movie 2003) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Based on a little known 1848 novel by Anne Bronte, Tara Fitzgerald stars as an enigmatic young woman who moves to 19th Century Yorkshire with a young son. Distancing herself from everyone ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Toby Stephens, Tara Fitzgerald, Rupert Graves [PAR] A free-spirited yet naive country girl is caught between her wealthy, manipulative \"cousin\" Alec and the handsome, educated farmer Angel Clare in this Victorian tragedy from novelist Thomas Hardy. [PAR] Director: Ian Sharp [PAR] Our Mutual Friend (TV Mini-Series 1998) [PAR] Drama [PAR] Intertwining tales of love, greed, and secret identities in Charles Dickens's 1860s London. [PAR] Stars: Paul McGann, Keeley Hawes, Dominic Mafham [PAR] Vanity Fair (TV Mini-Series 1998) [PAR] Drama | Romance [PAR] An adaptation of William Makepeace Thackeray's classic story of parvenue Becky Sharp's rise from obscure & humble origins to her subsequent ignominious fall from Society; set amongst the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Natasha Little, Frances Grey, Philip Glenister [PAR] Berkeley Square (TV Mini-Series 1998) [PAR] Drama [PAR] Three young women from very different backgrounds meet, become friends and share experiences when they all gain positions as nannies in the wealthy households of London's exclusive Berkeley Square. [PAR] Stars: Victoria Smurfit, Clare Wilkie, Tabitha Wady [PAR] Catherine Sloper has found the man of her dreams in Morris Townsend, but her plans to marry him are strongly opposed by her father, who believes Townsend is only interested in his daughter ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Agnieszka Holland [PAR] At the center of the story is Augustus Melmotte, a European-born city financier, whose origins are as mysterious as his business dealings. Trollope describes him as 'something in the city',... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: David Suchet, Matthew Macfadyen, Cillian Murphy [PAR] This Masterpiece Theatre production, set at the cusp of the Industrial Revolution, chronicles the life, loves, foibles and politics of the fictional English town of Middlemarch. Adapted ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Juliet Aubrey, Douglas Hodge, Robert Hardy [PAR] Daniel Deronda (TV Mini-Series 2002) [PAR] Drama | History | Romance [PAR] Set in Victorian London, Gwendolen Harleth is drawn to Daniel Deronda, a selfless and intelligent gentleman of unknown parentage, but her own desperate need for financial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pitch N' Putt Golf | Top Golf Games Pitch N' Putt Golf | Top Golf Games [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf [PAR] Top Golf Games \u00bb Pitch N' Putt Golf [PAR] Rate Pitch N' Putt Golf: [PAR] Rating: 4.2/5 stars (25 ratings) [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf Instructions [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf is controlled by using the keyboard. Press spacebar once to start the power bar, a second time to stop the power bar and set your shot's power, and a third time to set the loft and hit the ball. The arrow keys are used to look around the course. [PAR] More Games [PAR] Silly Golf [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf Walkthrough [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf is a challenging golf game that is based on the sport of pitch and putt. Pitch N' Putt Golf features smooth graphics, an easy-to-learn control scheme, and nine holes that range in difficulty from simple to extremely challenging! [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf follows the rules of pitch and putt, which are in turn similar to those of golf. The main differences between pitch and putt (and this Flash golf game based on it) is the length of holes, which are much shorter on average in pitch and putt, and the fact that in pitch and putt a player can only carry three clubs rather than a full bag of fourteen. Your objective is still to get the ball into the hole in as few strokes as possible. You should try to get the ball into the hole in the par number of strokes or less on each of the nine holes. [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf features a simple control scheme that uses only the spacebar to control your swing. Press the spacebar once to start the power meter (displayed adjacent to your golfer). Pressing the spacebar again stops the power bar. You will have to press the spacebar one final time to control the downswing and direction of your stroke. Stopping the bar dead-center on the white line at the bottom of the gauge will balance loft and distance. Stopping the bar early will give a high loft and backspin, while stopping it later will hit the ball with a shallow loft that will cause a greater forward roll and more distance. It should be noted that if you allow the bar to reach either of its limits, you will not have to press the spacebar to stop it in that direction, but your stroke may have results that are less-than-desirable. [PAR] You may also use the arrow keys to look around the hole in this golf game. I advise you to do this before each stroke (especially your first stroke) so that you can plan your shot carefully. Knowing the contours of the hole and using them in your favor will increase your chances of success in this golf game and improve your score. [PAR] Pitch N' Putt Golf is a challenging golf game (technically, pitch and putt game) with beautiful graphics and simple controls, making it ideal for gamers of all skill levels and ages. If you are looking for a relaxing sports game to pass the time, Pitch N' Putt Golf is just the game for you! [PAR] Top 10 Golf Games[DOC] [TLE] Pitch and Putt forum - boards.ie Pitch and Putt forum - boards.ie [PAR] Boards.ie [PAR] #1 [PAR] Hi, [PAR] I've started a Pitch and Putt thread in the golf forum. Ideally for those of us interested in the game it would have a seperate section of its own in the Sports"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Visitor UK Whitby - Tourist info for Whitby, North Yorkshire Visitor UK Whitby - Tourist info for Whitby, North Yorkshire [PAR] Search: [PAR] Welcome to Whitby [PAR] Whitby is located on the north-east coast of North Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, approximately 252 miles north of London and 20 miles north of Scarborough. [PAR] The town has a population of around 14,000. Administratively it is within the Borough of Scarborough which covers an area of approximately 816 sq kms and which has a population of around 107,000. [PAR] It is a thriving port and seaside resort for the north of England, steeped in history and renowned for its associations with Bram Stoker's 'Dracula'. The town is divided by the river, the old town, on the East Cliff, is a place of steep narrow streets and alleys, and contrasts to the mostly Victorian development of West Cliff which runs along the sands. There are some notable historic buildings, including the ruins of the 13th century Whitby Abbey originally founded in the 7th century, and the home of the famous navigator Captain James Cook in Grape Lane. Whitby has many visitor attractions in and around the town and it is a good base for walkers wishing to explore the Cleveland Way. [PAR] The town's history dates from Saxon times when a monastery was built on the east cliff in 657 AD by Oswy, the Christian Saxon King of Northumbria. In 867, Danish Vikings landed two miles west of Whitby at Raven's Hill, and moved on to attack the settlement and to destroy the monastery. It was only after the Norman Conquest of 1066 that William de Percy ordered that the monastery be refounded (1078), dedicating it to St. Peter and St. Hilda. Its fine natural harbour, one of the few on the east coast, gave it early importance as a place of refuge and a fishing port. By the mid-7th century a royal monastery was established on the east cliff. Ruled for many years by the famous Abbess Hilda, it was destroyed by the Vikings, then rebuilt by the Norman, Reinfrid. The Middle Ages saw quiet growth but the 17th century brought great prosperity, with shipbuilding on a scale out of all proportion to its size, serving the coal trade between the Tyne and the Thames, with many of the sturdy 'colliers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 built and owned here; and the rapid growth of whaling, with similar implications. Indeed, Captain Cook\u00e2\u0080\u0099s four ships, used on his great voyages of exploration, were all built here. [PAR] Historically the town's economy was based upon fishing, whaling.\u00c2 The modern Port of Whitby, strategically placed for shipping to Europe, with very good proximity to the Scandinavian countries, is capable of handling a wide range of cargoes including grain, steel products, timber and potash. Vessels of up to 3000 tonnes DWT are received on a routine basis the Wharf, which has the capability of loading/unloading two ships simultaneously. 5000 sq metres of dock space is currently (2004) allocated for storage of all-weather cargo and a further 1600 sq metres of warehouse space is reserved for weather-critical goods storage. [PAR] Originally the town was known as Presteby, meaning the habitation of Priests in Old Norse, then Hwytby. Then it became Whiteby, meaning the \"white settlement\" in Old Norse, probably from the colour of the houses and, finally, Whitby."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judaism 101: A List of the 613 Mitzvot (Commandments) Judaism 101: A List of the 613 Mitzvot (Commandments) [PAR] A List of the 613 Mitzvot (Commandments) [PAR] Level: Advanced [PAR] \u0095 Jewish tradition teaches that there are 613 commandments [PAR] \u0095 This is the list of 613 identified by Rambam [PAR] \u0095 The order and organization is my own [PAR] Below is a list of the 613 mitzvot (commandments). It is based primarily on the list compiled by Rambam in the Mishneh Torah, but I have consulted other sources as well. As I said in the page on halakhah , Rambam's list is probably the most widely accepted list, but it is not the only one. The order is my own, as are the explanations of how some rules are derived from some biblical passages. [PAR] For each mitzvah, I have provided a citation to the biblical passage or passages from which it is derived, based primarily on Rambam. For commandments that can be observed today, I have also provided citations to the Chafetz Chayim's Concise Book of Mitzvot (CCA refers to affirmative commandments; CCN refers to negative commandments; CCI refers to commandments that only apply in Israel ). Commandments that cannot be observed today primarily relate to the Temple , its sacrifices and services (because the Temple does not exist) and criminal procedures (because the theocratic state of Israel does not exist). [PAR] G-d [PAR] To know that G-d exists (Ex. 20:2; Deut. 5:6) (CCA1). See What Do Jews Believe? . [PAR] Not to entertain the idea that there is any god but the Eternal (Ex. 20:3) (CCN8). See What Do Jews Believe? . [PAR] Not to blaspheme (Ex. 22:27; in Christian texts, Ex. 22:28), the penalty for which is death (Lev. 24:16) (negative). [PAR] To love G-d (Deut. 6:5) (CCA3). See What Do Jews Believe? . [PAR] To fear Him reverently (Deut. 6:13; 10:20) (CCA4). [PAR] Not to put the word of G-d to the test (Deut. 6:16) (negative). [PAR] To imitate His good and upright ways (Deut. 28:9) (CCA6). [PAR] Torah [PAR] To honor the old and the wise (Lev. 19:32) (CCA17). [PAR] To learn Torah and to teach it (Deut. 6:7) (CCA14). See Torah . [PAR] To cleave to those who know Him (Deut. 10:20) (the Talmud states that cleaving to scholars is equivalent to cleaving to Him) (CCA16). [PAR] Not to add to the commandments of the Torah, whether in the Written Law or in its interpretation received by tradition (Deut. 13:1) (CCN159). See Torah . [PAR] Not to take away from the commandments of the Torah (Deut. 13:1) (CCN160). See Torah . [PAR] That every person shall write a scroll of the Torah for himself (Deut. 31:19) (CCA15). See Torah . [PAR] Signs and Symbols [PAR] To circumcise the male offspring (Gen. 17:12; Lev. 12:3) (CCA47) See Brit Milah: Circumcision . [PAR] To put tzitzit on the corners of clothing (Num. 15:38) (CCA10). See Tzitzit and Tallit . [PAR] To bind tefillin on the head (Deut. 6:8) (CCA9). See Tefillin . [PAR] To bind tefillin on the arm (Deut. 6:8) (CCA8). See Tefillin . [PAR] To affix the mezuzah to the doorposts and gates of your house (Deut. 6:9) (CCA12). See Mezuzah . [PAR] Prayer and Blessings [PAR] To pray to G-d (Ex. 23:25; Deut. 6:13) (according to the Talmud , the word \"serve\" in these verses refers to prayer) (CCA7). See Prayers and Blessings ; Jewish Liturgy . [PAR] To read the Shema in the morning and at night (Deut. 6:7) (CCA11). See Jewish Liturgy . [PAR] To recite grace after"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Knightley - The Jane Austen Wiki - Wikia George Knightley | The Jane Austen Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Emma Woodhouse [PAR] George Knightley is a main character in Jane Austen's Emma . He is the older brother of John Knightley , and knows the Woodhouse family of Hartfield very closely. He is a wealthy landowner, whose seat is Donwell Abbey , a mile away from the village of Highbury and Hartfield estate. [PAR] Character traits [PAR] Edit [PAR] A kind and compassionate person, Mr Knightley portrays good judgment, high moral character and maturity in contrast to Emma's adolescent personality. One incident which displays this is his disappointment when he sees Emma insult Miss Bates, a spinster of modest means. Mr. Knightley's later reprimand of Emma also demonstrates his affection and esteem for her as a friend. Another incident which shows his quality is his anger with Emma for persuading Harriet Smith to refuse Robert Martin's proposal of marriage, Martin being in Knightley's eyes an eminently suitable mate for Harriet. [PAR] In the course of the story, Emma falls briefly in love with a young, handsome man named Frank Churchill. Mr. Knightley's jealousy is implied, and he makes several negative remarks about Churchill. It is later revealed that Mr. Knightley was afraid that Frank has had a negative influence on Emma. Frank Churchill's guardian\u2014his aunt\u2014dies, and he is now free to publicize his engagement to Jane Fairfax, which had been kept secret to avoid his aunt's disapproval. Emma is shocked, but realizes she had never really had romantic sentiments towards Frank Churchill. Nevertheless, she worries that Harriet has feelings for Frank, but soon discovers that Harriet has become infatuated with Mr. Knightley. [PAR] Notes and references"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Words on the Wisden Cricketers\u2019 Almanack - FT.com Words on the Wisden Cricketers\u2019 Almanack [PAR] Words on the Wisden Cricketers\u2019 Almanack [PAR] Nothing captures the spirit of cricket quite like its 150-year-old annual [PAR] Read next [PAR] by: Matthew Engel [PAR] England\u2019s Andrew Flintoff consoles Australia\u2019s Brett Lee during the memorable 2005 Ashes series [PAR] The word \u201cunique\u201d has been devalued by its overuse in the media \u2013 by sports journalists in particular \u2013 along with many other words such as \u201ctragedy\u201d, \u201cgenius\u201d, \u201cbrilliant\u201d, \u201cfury\u201d and \u201crefute\u201d. [PAR] Next week, however, is a landmark in the history of a truly unique sporting institution: Wisden Cricketers\u2019 Almanack, founded in 1864, will be publishing its 150th edition. And few other organisations have worked harder to ensure that words such as \u201cunique\u201d are used only when appropriate. [PAR] In the countries where cricket is important (and, since India is one of them, they include almost a third of the global population) the word \u201cWisden\u201d conjures instant recognition. \u201cHe\u2019s a walking Wisden,\u201d one might say of someone crammed full of cricketing facts. \u201cThe Bible of cricket,\u201d it is called to the point of clich\u00e9 \u2013 to which one former editor would reply that maybe the Bible was the Wisden of religion. It is also described as infallible \u2013 frequently and erroneously. [PAR] I know about its fallibility because I was that former editor \u2013 for 12 years, in two separate terms between 1993 and 2007 \u2013 and was associated with it for almost 20. Every one of the book\u2019s mistakes was like a hammer-blow to me: we will come to the story of the \u201cWisden willie\u201d later. However, the book does work exceptionally (perhaps uniquely) hard to eliminate errors, which is one factor in its reputation. [PAR] The original 1864 edition of Wisden [PAR] Only one factor, though. At first sight, Wisden is a dauntingly fat book (1,584 pages in 2013), full of stats and small type about a complicated sport. It began as a 112-page pocket book and, although two of the dimensions have remained stable, you need a very wide pocket to contain it now. Deep too: the original edition cost an old shilling (5p) and this year\u2019s retails at \u00a350 \u2013 an increase that is 12 times the rate of inflation. [PAR] The original edition looks useless: the scores it reported were mostly ancient, and the pages were eked out with bizarre extraneous matter such as the lengths of canals, the rules of quoits and the battles of the Wars of the Roses. One might also say that the 2013 Wisden is useless, since the gamut of statistical information is available free of charge from other sources on the internet. [PAR] All of which is to miss the point. For a start, Wisden has actually been a spectacular hedge against inflation. The record price for an entire set of originals is \u00a3130,000. An 1864 edition alone can go for up to \u00a325,000. [PAR] In the pink, 1886 [PAR] The chief reason for Wisden\u2019s endurance is that it kept appearing. No. 23 failed to emerge in 1886, but it popped out a year later, along with the 1887, so that the chain remained unbroken. At the time, it was just one of several competing Victorian cricket almanacks. Its rivals withered; Wisden never missed again, even in wartime, when the match reports were fewer but the obituary voluminous. [PAR] It was founded by John Wisden, a small (five-foot-nothing) but very skilful bowler known as \u201cThe Little Wonder\u201d who eked out his earnings from the game by opening a \u201ccricket and cigar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts About Achilles In Greek Mythology Facts About Achilles In Greek Mythology [PAR] Achilles, The Greek Hero [PAR] written by: Noreen Gunnell \u2022 edited by: SForsyth \u2022 updated: 1/23/2012 [PAR] The Greek hero Achilles is known from the tale of the Trojan War and his vulnerable heel. Learn all about the Greek Mythology of Achilles. [PAR] slide 1 of 6 [PAR] Hear the name Achilles and most people will think of Brad Pitt, the Trojan War, or someone's weakness, a.k.a. an \"Achilles Heel.\" However, not everyone knows how his story fits into Greek Mythology. While it's counterintuitive to deem anything associated with mythology a fact, this study guide reviews most of the important facts about Achilles in Greek Mythology. [PAR] Like many figures in Greek Mythology , Achilles story begins before he is even born. Achilles mother was a sea-nymph named Thetis whose beauty tempted the ever-philandering god Zeus. Having been warned by Prometheus that he would be dethroned by a child born to him and Thetis, Zeus forced Thetis to marry a mortal in order to remove the temptation. [PAR] slide 2 of 6 [PAR] Saved From Evil Fate [PAR] Thetis and her husband, Peleus, had six children before Achilles. The first six were thrown into fire by their mother in an effort to burn out their mortality. The seventh child was saved from this fate by his father and eventually Thetis accepted the child and grew to love him. She called him Achilles and, wanting to protect him from his human frailty, took him to the River Styx which was believed to convey immortality. Thetis held him by his heel and submerged the infant Achilles. All but the heel she held were suffused with inordinate strength, hence, Achilles heel. [PAR] Achilles was educated by Chiron, a centaur who lived on Mt. Pelion and was revered for his wisdom. Achilles grew strong, handsome, and well versed in the strategies of war and peace. When the call came for Greece's greatest warriors to amass and avenge the taking of Melenaus's wife, Helen, by the Trojan Prince Paris, a fretful Thetis rushed her son off to the island of Skyros disguised as a girl. While hiding on Skyros, Achilles fathers a son with the king's daughter Deidameia. [PAR] Eventually, Achilles whereabouts became unveiled and Odysseus weeded him out with a cunning ploy; he sent gifts of jewelry and trinkets to the women's lodgings that included armor and a sword. News of young woman practicing with the weapons brought emissaries to insist Achilles join the war. [PAR] slide 3 of 6 [PAR] The Trojan War [PAR] The Iliad by Homer tells only a fraction of the story of the war. The war lasted nine years, while Homer's epic recounts events from only the last year. Achilles's tale begins much earlier when he joins the fleet of Greek warriors setting sail for the Trojan shores as commander of a feared force known as the Myrmidons of Thessaly. For much of the war, Achilles is at odds with Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and supreme commander of all the Greek forces. The heart of the dispute, just like that of the war itself, is a woman. During the course of the long war Briseis, a Trojan woman, was taken as booty and given to Achilles as a concubine and he cherished her for her beauty. [PAR] Similarly, Agamemnon's mistress Chryseis, the daughter of a priest of Apollo, was taken in one of the cities of the Troad. After refusing a ransom demand from Chryseis's father, Apollo inflicted Agamemnon's troops with a plague. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE REMBRANDTS LYRICS - I'll Be There For You (Theme From ... THE REMBRANDTS LYRICS - I'll Be There For You (Theme From Friends) [PAR] \"I'll Be There For You (Theme From Friends)\" lyrics [PAR] THE REMBRANDTS LYRICS [PAR] \"I'll Be There For You (Theme From Friends)\" [PAR] So no one told you life was gonna be this way [PAR] Your job's a joke, you're broke, your love life's D.O.A. [PAR] It's like you're always stuck in second gear [PAR] When it hasn't been your day, your week, your month, or even your year, but [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (When the rain starts to pour) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (Like I've been there before) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] ('Cause you're there for me too) [PAR] You're still in bed at ten and work began at eight [PAR] You've burned your breakfast, so far things are going great [PAR] Your mother warned you there'd be days like these [PAR] But she didn't tell you when the world has brought you down to your knees that [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (When the rain starts to pour) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (Like I've been there before) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] ('Cause you're there for me too) [PAR] No one could ever know me [PAR] No one could ever see me [PAR] Seems you're the only one who knows what it's like to be me [PAR] Someone to face the day with, make it through all the rest with [PAR] Someone I'll always laugh with [PAR] Even at my worst, I'm best with you, yeah! [PAR] It's like you're always stuck in second gear [PAR] When it hasn't been your day, your week, your month, or even your year [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (When the rain starts to pour) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (Like I've been there before) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] ('Cause you're there for me too) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (When the rain starts to pour) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] (Like I've been there before) [PAR] I'll be there for you [PAR] ('Cause you're there for me too)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Endymion - Benjamin Disraeli - Google Books Endymion - Benjamin Disraeli - Google Books [PAR] Benjamin Disraeli [PAR] 0 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/Endymion.html?id=aS2QXxCuPkcC [PAR] Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC (21 December 1804 - 19 April 1881) was an English statesman and literary figure. He served in government for three decades, twice as Prime Minister - the first and thus far only person of Jewish descent to do so, although Disraeli was baptised in the Anglican Church at an early age. Disraeli's most lasting achievement was the creation of the modern Conservative Party after the Corn Laws schism of 1846. [PAR] Although a major figure in the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party after 1846, Disraeli's relations with the other leading figures in the party, particularly Lord Derby, the overall leader, were often strained. Not until the 1860s would Derby and Disraeli be on easy terms, and the latter's succession of the former assured. From 1852 onwards Disraeli's career would also be marked by his often intense rivalry with William Ewart Gladstone, who eventually rose to become leader of the Liberal Party. In this duel, Disraeli was aided by his warm friendship with Queen Victoria, who came to detest Gladstone during the latter's first premiership in the 1870s. In 1876 Disraeli was raised to the peerage as the Earl of Beaconsfield, capping nearly four decades in the House of Commons. He died in 1881. [PAR] Before and during his political career Disraeli was well-known as a literary and social figure, although his novels are not generally regarded as belonging to the first rank of Victorian literature. He mainly wrote romances, of which Sibyl and Vivian Grey are perhaps the best-known today. He was and is unusual among British Prime Ministers for having gained equal social and political renown."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New chapter in the 81-year history of Durex - BBC News New chapter in the 81-year history of Durex - BBC News [PAR] New chapter in the 81-year history of Durex [PAR] By Will Smale News reporter, BBC News [PAR] 21 July 2010 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption All of Durex's condoms are now made in Asia [PAR] For adults looking to earn some extra money, there was a job advertisment last year that may have tickled their fancy: tester for Durex condoms. [PAR] Durex said it would pay 5,000 people across the UK \u00a3500 to help evaluate its latest range of products. [PAR] Perhaps unsurprisingly, the unusual job offer made a few headlines. [PAR] For a brand that for 81 years has been the best-selling condom in the UK, it was just the latest example of its skill at self-promotion. [PAR] But now Durex is in the news for strictly business reasons, with the annoucement that its owner - UK group SSL International - has agreed to be bought by Anglo-Dutch consumer goods company Reckitt Benckiser for \u00a32.54bn. [PAR] With SSL's shareholders widely expected to back the deal, Reckitt says Durex will be added to its so-called \"powerbrand\" group of best-selling products, which includes Vanish stain remover and Finish dishwasher tablets. [PAR] Ignoring the temptation to speculate whether doing domestic cleaning can have an aphrodisiac effect, it is the latest development in Durex's colourful history. [PAR] 'Durable, reliable' [PAR] Durex's origins go back to 1915 when the London Rubber Company was formed to sell imported condoms and barber supplies. [PAR] Image caption Durex remains the world's biggest selling condom brand, with a market share of 30% [PAR] Condom production eventually started in the UK, and the brand name Durex was born in 1929, standing for \"durability, reliability and excellence\". [PAR] And soon Durex advertisements were a regular sight across the country. [PAR] Despite some opposition to the product in question, the company was greatly helped by the Church of England ruling in 1930 that birth control could be used by married couples. [PAR] At the forefront of advancements in condom manufacturing, Durex dipped its condoms in water to test for breakages, and extended this in 1953 by introducing electronic testing. [PAR] Fast forward to 1969 and it introduced the world's first anatomically shaped condom, while in 1974 it produced the first to be spermicidally lubricated. [PAR] Fraud scandal [PAR] However, it was the 1980s, and public awareness of HIV/Aids that brought Durex and other condom manufacturers to much greater prominence, as people became more aware of the dangers of unprotected sex. [PAR] Image caption Durex is a long-established brand name in many countries [PAR] This was also the time that supermarkets started to sell condoms, and vending machines were installed in pub toilets. [PAR] With sales booming, London Rubber Company floated on the stock exchange in 1985, when it changed its name to London International. [PAR] SSL International was formed in 1999 when London International merged with Seton Scholl Healthcare, the maker of Scholl footcare products. [PAR] Yet while Durex was by now the world's best-selling condom brand, SSL faced financial difficulties in its early years, sparked by a fraud scandal in 2001. [PAR] This resulted in an investigation by the Serious Fraud Office, and six people faced criminal charges. [PAR] The charges were ultimately dismissed, but not before SSL had to issue a number of profit warnings, and saw its share price fall to all-time lows. [PAR] 'Good fit' [PAR] The London-based company has since recovered, with global sales of Durex continuing to rise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CatStuff: A Few Famous Cat Lovers - business connections CatStuff: A Few Famous Cat Lovers [PAR] A FEW FAMOUS CAT LOVERS [PAR] This article researched and compiled by Glenda Moore. [PAR] Please do not redistribute this article. [PAR] A-C [PAR] Cleveland Amory (1917-1998) Author and animal rights promoter [PAR] Amory devoted his life to promoting animal rights. He was best known for his books about his cat Polar Bear, whom he rescued from New York streets on Christmas Eve, 1977. Amory co-founded the Humane Society of the United States and founded the Fund for Animals. He was also the president of NEAVS (New England Anti Vivisection Society) from 1987 to 1998. [PAR] Ian Anderson (1947- ) Musician [PAR] Ian, of the classic rock band Jethro Tull, is a cat lover. A page on the official Jethro Tull webpage is dedicated to his writings about cats. [PAR] Marie Antoinette (1755-1793) Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France and Navarre [PAR] King Louis XVI and wife, Marie Antoinette, allowed their Angora cats to roam about the tables during court gatherings. Legend has it that six of her beloved white Angora cats arrived by ship in Maine, USA in the ship she had intended for her escape during the French revolution. [PAR] Pope Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger, 1927- ) Reigning head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State [PAR] His cat Chico, a black-and-white domestic short hair, continues to live at the pope\u2019s home in T\u00fcbingen, Germany (pets are not allowed in the Vatican). Cardinal Roger Mahony, archbishop of Los Angeles, who was in Rome for the pope\u2019s inauguration, says \u201cThe street talk that the pope loves cats is incorrect. The pope adores cats.\u201d [PAR] (no image [PAR] Sultan El Daher Beybars, [PAR] who was devoted to cats, [PAR] bequeathed a garden known as Gheyt-el-Quoltah (the cats' orchard) near his mosque in Cairo for the support of homeless cats. [PAR] The tradition continues to this day. [PAR] At the time of afternoon prayer each day, meat is brought into the center of the garden, and cats from all over the city come for their share. [PAR] Alexander Borodin (1833-1887) [PAR] Russian classical composer and chemist [PAR] Borodin had many cats, one of which - Ryborov - learned to fish through holes in the ice in winter. ('Ryborov' means 'fisherman'.) [PAR] Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855); Emily Bronte (1818-1848); Anne Bronte (1820-1849) Authors [PAR] The three sisters were well-known as cat lovers. Their novels and poetry often showed their relationships with their felines. Charlotte and Anne often referred to their cats in their diaries. [PAR] George Burns (1896-1996) American comedian, actor, and producer [PAR] George Burns called his cat \"Willie,\" reportedly because \"when you tell the cat what to do, there's always a question of will he or won't he.\" [PAR] Lord George Byron (1788-1824) Poet [PAR] An lifelong friend, Poet Percy Shelley, once commented that Byron's \"eight enormous dogs, three monkeys, five cats, an eagle, a crow, ... a falcon, five peacocks, two guinea hens, and an Egyptian crane; and all these, except the horses, walk about the house ...\" [PAR] Raymond Chandler (1888-1959) Author (Phillip Marlowe private eye novels) [PAR] Chandler talked to his black Persian, Taki, as though she was human and called her his secretary because she sat on his manuscripts as he tried to revise them. He stated, \"A cat never behaves as if you were the only bright spot in an otherwise clouded existence...this is another way of saying that a cat is not a sentimentalist, which does not mean that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seinfeld Episode Guide - Stan the Caddy Seinfeld Episode Guide [PAR] Seinfeld Episode Guide [PAR] 1. The Seinfeld Chronicles [PAR] gs: Lee Garlington (Claire) Pamela Brull (Laura) [PAR] A girl Jerry met on the road wants to stay with him when she comes to New York. George thinks that she is just using Jerry as contingency plan. Hoffman (Kramer) comes by to borrow a couple of pieces of meat. The girl calls and asks Jerry if she can stay at his apartment for the night, when she arrives she asks to stay for another night. Jerry is disappointed when everything is going his way until he finds out she is engaged. [PAR] b: 05-Jul-89 pc: 101 w: Larry David & Jerry Seinfeld d: Art Wolff [PAR] NOTE: In this episode, Jerry refers to Kramer as Kessler, because we later learn in \"The Betrayal\" this was the name on the buzzer for Kramer's apartment. This also discounts the fact that Kramer has sublet the apartment from Paul Buchman from Mad About You in an episode of that series that aired after \"The Virgin.\" I suppose that Buchman could have sublet the apartment to someone named Kessler before Kramer had moved in. As strange as Kramer can be, perhaps he thought it best to not let anyone know he lived there and never changed the name. [PAR] In the first scene of this episode, Jerry comments George about the button on his shirt. He repeats this same comment in the last scene of the last episode! [Editor's Note: Yes, as I mention in the description of the final episode.] [PAR] In this episode, the coffee shop Jerry and George go to is not Monk's. The exterior shot reads \"Pete's\". [PAR] In the TV Guide entry for this episode, his character is credited as Hoffman. I assume that this is the way it appeared in the script somewhere along the way. There were probably a number of name changes for this character, while Kenny Kramer was deciding whether or not his name could be used. [PAR] In this episode, Kramer/Kessler's apartment door is not there. In its place is a picture. Also, Kramer/Kessler has a dog in this episode. [PAR] Even in the pilot episode, there is a Superman reference. When Jerry sits down to watch TV, he is wearing a bright blue pair of sweat pants, and a bright red sweatshirt. [PAR] Didn't Kramer/Kessler also knock on Jerry's door in this episode? [PAR] Check out Jerry's apartment in this episode! It's WAY different then it is in the other episodes! The walls are yellow, the kitchen cabinets are brown and are EMPTY! In the other episodes, the walls and cabinets are blue and the cabinets are filled with kitchen stuff. Another thing I should point out is Jerry has NO bedroom! In this episode all we see is a living room and a bathroom. In the other shows, Jerry has a bedroom and that and the bathroom are connected by a hallway which was also not present in the first episode. (Brandon) [PAR] 2. The Stakeout [PAR] gs: Lynn Clark (Vanessa) Phil Bruns (Morty Seinfeld) Liz Sheridan (Helen Seinfeld) Maud Winchester (Pamela) William Fair (Roger) Ron Steelman (Artie Levine) Joe George (Uncle Mac) Ellen Gerstein (Carol) Janet Rotblatt (Woman) [PAR] Elaine brings Jerry to a birthday party where he meets a woman who fascinates him. Jerry doesn't know her name and wants to meet her again, so on some advice from his father, he and George stakeout the lobby of the building she works in. [PAR] b: 31-May-90 pc: 103"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 56 Years Ago: Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and the Big ... The Story of Rock's First Tragedy: Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper Killed in Plane Crash [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Hulton Archive, Getty Images [PAR] Rock \u2018n\u2019 roll was still in its infancy when it suffered its first tragedy. On Feb. 3, 1959, three of its biggest stars \u2014 Buddy Holly , Ritchie Valens and J.P. Richardson, known as the Big Bopper \u2014 were killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa. [PAR] The three acts, along with Dion and the Belmonts, were on a package tour called the Winter Dance Party, which was to play 24 Midwestern cities in as many days. But the bus\u2019 heating system was ill-equipped and broke down a few days later, which caused some musicians to catch the flu and Holly\u2019s drummer Carl Bunch to be hospitalized for frostbite. By the time they reached the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake on Feb. 2, about a week and a half into the tour, Holly, after the show, decided to charter a plane from nearby Mason City to Fargo, N.D., just across the state line from their next gig in Moorhead, Minn. As a bonus, Holly would be able to do his laundry, which had been neglected since the tour began. [PAR] The plane, a Beechwood Bonanza, had room for only three passengers \u2014 Holly and his band \u2014 and the pilot, Roger Peterson. Holly\u2019s bass player, future country legend Waylon Jennings , gave up his seat to Richardson, who was ill. According to Jennings\u2019 autobiography, Holly teased his bass player by saying, \u201cWell, I hope your ol\u2019 bus freezes up.\u201d To which Jennings responded, \u201cWell, I hope your ol\u2019 plane crashes.\u201d [PAR] There are conflicting stories as to how Valens wound up in the third seat. Tommy Allsup, Holly\u2019s guitarist, claimed that he lost a coin flip to Valens in the dressing room. In 2010, Dion DiMucci, who had been silent about that night for 51 years, claimed that he, not Allsup, was slated for the third seat because he was one of the headliners. But after winning the coin toss, he balked at paying $36 for the flight \u2014 the amount his parents paid in monthly rent for the apartment where he grew up \u2014 and gave Valens the seat. Local DJ Bob Hale, who was the MC for the concert, agrees that it was between Allsup and Valens, but that he, not Allsup, flipped the coin. [PAR] Regardless of the contradictions, around 12:55AM on Feb. 3, the plane carrying Holly, Richardson and Valens took off in a snowstorm with strong winds. But the plane traveled only a few miles before crashing, killing all four men instantly. [PAR] The federal investigation ruled that even though the weather played a large role in the accident, the 21-year-old Peterson was too inexperienced to have been flying in such conditions. In addition, he had most likely misread the altitude indicator, which was different than the one on which he had trained, and inadvertently brought the plane down instead of up. [PAR] At the time, Holly\u2019s wife of six months, Maria Elena, was two weeks pregnant. The day after the crash, she suffered a miscarriage from the emotional trauma. [PAR] In March 1980, a long-missing piece of the plane crash was discovered. Holly\u2019s signature black-rimmed glasses had landed in a snow bank and were discovered in the spring of 1959, after the snow melted. They were brought to the Cerro Gordo County Sheriff\u2019s office, sealed in a manila envelope and forgotten about for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of horse racing | Racing UK History of horse racing | Racing UK [PAR] Apply Now Thursday 16 Feb [PAR] Ascot [PAR] Apply Now Saturday 18 Feb [PAR] Wetherby [PAR] Apply Now Tuesday 21 Feb [PAR] Ludlow [PAR] Apply Now Wednesday 22 Feb [PAR] Huntingdon [PAR] Apply Now Thursday 23 Feb [PAR] Catterick [PAR] Apply Now Tuesday 28 Feb [PAR] Exeter [PAR] Apply Now Tuesday 7 Mar [PAR] Kempton Park [PAR] Apply Now Saturday 18 Mar [PAR] History of horse racing [PAR] The history of organised, modern horse racing in Britain dates back to the 17th century. Prior to this date, evidence of the origins of horseracing is sketchy. There are records of horseracing during Roman times, and in the 12th century, racing is known to have taken place on public holidays at Smithfield in London, and at Chester, where records exist of Shrove Tuesday races. [PAR] Horse racing first came under royal patronage during the reign of James I, when the monarch had a royal palace built near Newmarket - then an obscure village. Members of the Royal Court, who had developed a passion for horse racing in Scotland, helped to establish Newmarket as the home of organised horseracing in Britain. Public races were soon set up all over England. Many of the events were held at Bell Courses. They got this name because the prize for most races was usually a silver bell. [PAR] King Charles I and Charles II maintained horse racing's royal patronage, and the royal association with Newmarket also continued. Charles II was perhaps the most enthusiastic racing royal. He competed in races himself, and founded a series of races known as Royal Plates. His connection with Newmarket survives to this day, because the Rowley Mile course near the town is derived from his nickname of Old Rowley - in turn after the name of his favourite hack. [PAR] As horse racing became all the rage thanks to its royal connections, the breeding of racehorses developed very rapidly too. This was mainly thanks to the import of Arabian stallions, with which British mares were bred to create the forefathers of the Thoroughbred racehorses we see racing today. [PAR] Around the middle of the 18th century, horse racing became the first regulated sport in Britain, thanks to the formation of the Jockey Club. Before this time, most horseraces took the format of match races (contested by just two horses), run over much longer distances then Flat racing today. [PAR] Gradually, the emphasis on stamina was replaced by racing younger horses over shorter distances. The late 18th century saw the establishment of the Classic races which are still run today. The St Leger, the Oaks and the Derby were all founded between 1776 and 1780. [PAR] The arrival of better transport links and other technological innovations in the 19th century led to horse racing becoming a sport watched by millions of people each year. Leading newspapers began to give horse racing far more coverage, and there was a marked increase in the volume of betting on races. [PAR] The arrival of professional on-course bookmakers into the sport brought with it different challenges. The Jockey Club reacted by establishing high standards of order, discipline and integrity to ensure the sport continued to prosper. [PAR] In the 20th century, horse racing was one of the only sports to continue during both world wars, albeit on a very limited scale. After World War Two, racecourses benefited from the introduction of many technical innovations, such as the photo finish (first used in 1947) and starting stalls for Flat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Puff, The Magic Dragon Lyrics - Peter, Paul & Mary Puff, The Magic Dragon Lyrics - Peter, Paul & Mary [PAR] Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Little Jackie Paper loved that rascal Puff [PAR] And brought him strings and sealing wax and other fancy stuff [PAR] Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Together they would travel on a boat with billowed sail [PAR] Jackie kept a lookout perched on Puff's gigantic tail [PAR] Noble kings and princes would bow whene'er they came [PAR] Pirate ships would lower their flags when Puff roared out his name [PAR] Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys [PAR] Painted wings and giant's rings make way for other toys [PAR] One gray night it happened, Jackie Paper came no more [PAR] And Puff, that mighty dragon, he ceased his fearless roar [PAR] His head was bent in sorrow, green scales fell like rain [PAR] Puff no longer went to play along the cherry lane [PAR] Without his lifelong friend, Puff could not be brave [PAR] So Puff, that mighty dragon, sadly slipped into his cave [PAR] Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali[DOC] [TLE] PETER, PAUL AND MARY LYRICS - Puff, The Magic Dragon PETER, PAUL AND MARY LYRICS - Puff, The Magic Dragon [PAR] \"Puff, The Magic Dragon\" lyrics [PAR] PETER, PAUL AND MARY LYRICS [PAR] \"Puff, The Magic Dragon\" [PAR] Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Little Jackie Paper loved that rascal Puff [PAR] And brought him strings and sealing wax and other fancy stuff [PAR] Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Together they would travel on a boat with billowed sail [PAR] Jackie kept a lookout perched on Puff's gigantic tail [PAR] Noble kings and princes would bow whene'er they came [PAR] Pirate ships would lower their flags when Puff roared out his name [PAR] Oh, Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea [PAR] And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honali [PAR] A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys [PAR] Painted wings and giant's rings make way for other toys [PAR] One gray night it happened, Jackie Paper came no more [PAR] And Puff, that mighty dragon, he ceased his fearless roar [PAR] His head was bent in sorrow, green scales fell like rain [PAR] Puff no longer went to play along the cherry lane [PAR] Without"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shami Chakrabarti: 'Liberty is about more than just one ... Shami Chakrabarti: 'Liberty is about more than just one woman' | The Independent [PAR] Profiles [PAR] Shami Chakrabarti: 'Liberty is about more than just one woman' [PAR] Monday Interview: The director of Liberty is as passionate &ndash; and optimistic &ndash; as the day she took up her job. Robert Chesshyre meets her [PAR] Sunday 5 June 2011 23:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] It had been six years since I last sat face-to-face with Shami Chakrabarti, the director of Liberty, the civil rights pressure group. The venue was unchanged: her bunker-like office in Southwark, from where she has conducted one of the highest profile lobbying campaigns of the past decade. She will be 42 next week, and might politely be referred to now as a mature woman, no longer the firebrand who captured our television screens in the mid-Noughties. [PAR] Articulate, impassioned and committed, she ran rings round the staid politicians, hobbled by their platitudes and handcuffed by party lines, who shared studios with her. And she blew away the kneejerk, rent-a-gob image from which Liberty (formerly the National Council for Civil Liberties) once suffered. When I started in journalism, a reporter could write the NCCL quotes before lifting the phone. [PAR] Six years ago, I had feared that Chakrabarti might pitch forward out of her chair, so impassioned was she by the issues. The fire still burns, but her delivery is more measured. She is, after all, the wife of a City lawyer, mother of a nine-year-old son, chancellor of Oxford Brookes University, a governor of the London School of Economics (her alma mater), and the recipient of a CBE. [PAR] Chakrabarti, who wears a green trouser suit, replacing the velvet jackets that were once her uniform, will move offices from her Southwark bunker to a converted music hall in Westminster. Liberty is growing; membership since Chakrabarti took charge eight years ago, has swollen from 7,000 to 11,000; its annual turnover has grown from \u00a31m to \u00a31.5m; its staff from 20 to 25; and its influence has flourished. [PAR] Soon Chakrabarti is listing the policy successes of her time in office. \"We have defeated proposals to lock people up for 42 days without charge; halted ID cards; had important victories on issues like stop-and-search. We are not alone, but, without sounding arrogant, we have led the field because we have been prepared to say difficult things before they became popular, and have won important arguments with reason, evidence and alternative ideas. [PAR] \"We have persuaded people from a broader spectrum of life and politics that our concerns should be their concerns. People are more alive to the importance of rights and freedoms than they were.\" [PAR] However, and it is a huge \"however\", the failure to educate people to the universal nature of human rights and the manipulation of the \"war on terror\" have allowed politicians to concoct populist rows; denigrate independent judges (here and in Strasbourg) as \"unelected\"; attack the Human Rights Act as a pernicious protection for the undeserving; and throw a xenophobic blanket over the right to rights \u2013 \"our\" rights (good) versus \"their\" rights (usually bad). [PAR] \"When you explain the Human Rights Act, people are very supportive. But in the absence of effective education, it is easy for politicians and commentators to denigrate it. It is a quite wonderful piece of legislation that allows British judges to adjudicate on the basis of post-war human rights principles. But, the way things are going, it is possible that in"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cenotaph Westminster London | Nearby hotels, shops and ... Cenotaph London | Nearby hotels, shops and restaurants | LondonTown.com [PAR] Images [PAR] Standing solemnly in the middle of Whitehall, visitors could be forgiven for passing the Cenotaph by unnoticed. But every November it becomes the focus of Britain's Remembrance Service (the closest Sunday to 11th November). The service commemorates the British Empire and Commonwealth servicemen who died in the two World Wars. The monarch, representatives of the Church, State, the armed and auxiliary forces, all gather to pay respect to those who lost their lives defending the freedom of others. Hymns are sung, prayers are said, and the two-minute silence is observed. Wreaths of poppies are then laid on the steps of the Cenotaph. The monument was originally built of wood and plaster for the first anniversary of the Armistice in 1919. The memorial you see today was designed by Edward Lutyens, it was created from Portland Stone and was unveiled one year later in 1920. The inscription simply reads \"The Glorious Dead\". [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd[DOC] [TLE] The Cenotaph on AboutBritain.com The Cenotaph on AboutBritain.com [PAR] Greater London [PAR] SW1 [PAR] The War memorial, known the world over as The Cenotaph, is situated in London 's Whitehall; it was originally built of wood and plaster, for the first anniversary of the armistice in 1919. The memorial you see today was designed by Edward Lutyens and was created from Portland stone, the inscription simply reads \"The Glorious Dead\"; it was unveiled one year later in 1920. [PAR] On the Sunday nearest to 11th November at 11.00am each year, a remembrance service is held here, to commemorate the British Empire and Commonwealth servicemen, who died in the two world wars. The Monarch, representatives of the Church, state, the armed and auxiliary forces, gather to pay respect to those who lost their lives, defending the freedom of others. Hymns are sung, Prayers are said, and the two minute silence is observed; then wreaths of Poppies are laid on the steps of the cenotaph. [PAR] Share this article"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Murder on the Orient Express: Key Facts SparkNotes: Murder on the Orient Express: Key Facts [PAR] Murder on the Orient Express [PAR] Agatha Christie [PAR] Study Questions and Suggested Essay Topics [PAR] full title \u00b7 Murder on the Orient Express or Murder on the Calais Coach [PAR] author \u00b7 Agatha Christie [PAR] time and place written \u00b7 1925\u20131933, England [PAR] date of first publication \u00b7 1933 [PAR] publisher \u00b7 Berkley Books [PAR] narrator \u00b7 Anonymous [PAR] point of view \u00b7 The narrator speaks in the third person, focusing on the thoughts and actions of Poirot. The narrator is fairly objective in her observations, but the text is peppered with juicy, subjective details of each character. All observations seem to be consistent with Poirot, what the narrator thinks is the same as Poirot. There is one instance that first person is used. In Chapter 3, Part three, there is a brief moment where the reader is privy to the comical thoughts of M.Bouc and Dr.Constantine. [PAR] tone \u00b7 The narrator is amused by the passengers aboard the Orient Express and seems to take pleasure in describing their predicament. [PAR] tense \u00b7 Present [PAR] setting (time) \u00b7 Winter, 1925\u20131933 [PAR] setting (place) \u00b7 The setting is first aboard a train headed to Stamboul, then Stamboul and then on a train from Stamboul to London, the Orient Express. [PAR] protagonist \u00b7 Hercule Poirot [PAR] major conflict \u00b7 A man is murdered aboard a train headed to London from Stamboul called the Orient Express. The morning after, the train gets stuck in the snow and it is up to Hercule Poirot to figure out which passenger was the murderer. [PAR] rising action \u00b7 Hercule Poirot goes to Stamboul and must return to London on business, he rides the Orient Express back to London, the train stops in a snow bank [PAR] climax \u00b7 Ratchett is murdered [PAR] falling action \u00b7 Poirot is asked to launch an investigation of passengers on the train; he interviews passengers, makes observations, and propounds two solutions. [PAR] themes \u00b7 The Justice of a Jury, The Insufficency of Law, The Morality of Murder [PAR] motifs \u00b7 Class, Americans, Identity [PAR] symbols \u00b7 Ratchett, Daisy, Food [PAR] foreshadowing \u00b7 Conversation overheard by Poirot between Mary Debenham and Colonel Arbuthnot on the way to Stamboul, Ratchett tells Poirot someone is going to murder him, Princess Dragomiroff tells Poirot her arms are not strong and looks at her arms."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Irish Dancing - Social and Competitive - All About Dance Irish Dancing - Social and Competitive [PAR] Irish Dancing [PAR] By Treva Bedinghaus [PAR] Updated December 20, 2015. [PAR] Originating in Ireland, Irish dancing is a traditional dance form that includes both social and performance opportunities. It encompasses wide variety of styles for solo, pair, and group dances . Many people think of step dancing, such as that associated with the popular Riverdance, when they think of Irish dancing. However, this type of dancing includes many dances and variations of these dances that can be enjoyed and mastered beginning at a very young age. [PAR] Social Irish Dancing [PAR] Social Irish dancing can be divided into two styles, c\u00e9il\u00ed and set dancing. Irish set dances are danced by four couples, or quadrilles, in a square formation. C\u00e9il\u00ed dances are danced by groups of dancers consisting of two to 16 members in various formations, or ceili. Social Irish dancing is extremely traditional, with variations of the dances found throughout the Irish dance communities. [PAR] Performance Irish Dancing [PAR] Traditionally referred to as \"stepdance,\" performance Irish dancing became popular in 1994 with the creation of the world-famous show \" Riverdance .\" Performance Irish dancing is recognized by rapid leg movements accompanied by stationary upper bodies and arms. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 5 Home Accents & Accessories You Can DIY [PAR] In competition, most performance stepdances are danced solo, characterized by a controlled upper body, straight arms, and precise movements of the feet. Performance Irish dancing can be performed in either soft shoes or hard shoes. [PAR] Sean-nos Irish Dancing [PAR] Traditional solo Irish dancing is commonly referred to as Sean-nos. Closely related to casual Irish stepdancing, Sean-nos is recognized by extremely low to the ground footwork, free arm movements, and battering steps that accompany the accented beats of the music. Sean-nos is usually danced by only one person, but can be danced in pairs or small groups. However, being a freeform dance style, there is no physical contact between the dancers and no set chareography or routines to follow. [PAR] Ceili Irish Dancing [PAR] Ceili Irish dancing is a popular form of folk dancing in Ireland. The term \"ceili\" refers to a social gathering featuring Irish music and dancing. Ceili Irish dancing can be performed in lines facing each other, circular formations, long line formations and quadrilles. A ceili dance may be performed with only two people, or as many as 16. Ceili Irish dancing closely resembles Irish stepdancing, with dancers performing on their toes. Unlike square dancing , ceili dances are generally not called by a caller. [PAR] Irish Stepdancing [PAR] Made popular by the world-famous show \"Riverdance,\" Irish stepdancing is characterized by a stiff upper body and quick, precise movements of the feet. Stepdance competitions are very popular throughout the world. Most competitive stepdances are solo dances, but many stepdancers perform and compete in large or small groups. Solo Irish stepdances can be divided depending on the type of shoe worn: hard shoe and soft shoe dances. Irish stepdances include reels, slip jigs, hornpipes, and jigs. Traditional Irish costumes are worn by both social and competitive stepdancers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flying mare - definition of flying mare by The Free Dictionary Flying mare - definition of flying mare by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Flying mare - definition of flying mare by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/flying+mare [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] flying mare [PAR] n. [PAR] A wrestling throw in which one grabs one's opponent's wrist, turns one's back to the opponent, and flips the opponent over one's shoulder onto the ground. [PAR] flying mare [PAR] n [PAR] (Wrestling) a wrestling throw in which a wrestler seizes his opponent's arm or head (flying head mare) and turns to throw him over his shoulder [PAR] fly\u2032ing mare\u2032 [PAR] n. [PAR] a method of attack in which a wrestler grasps the opponent's wrist, turns in the opposite direction, and throws the opponent over the shoulder and down. [PAR] [1745\u201355][DOC] [TLE] What does flying mare mean? definition, meaning and ... What does flying mare mean? definition, meaning and pronunciation (Free English Language Dictionary) [PAR] Nouns denoting acts or actions [PAR] Hypernyms (\"flying mare\" is a kind of...): [PAR] grappling ; rassling ; wrestling (the sport of hand-to-hand struggle between unarmed contestants who try to throw each other down) [PAR] Learn English with... Proverbs of the week [PAR] \"Beer before liquor, you'll never be sicker, but liquor before beer and you're in the clear.\" (English proverb) [PAR] \"Absence makes the heart grow fonder.\" (Thomas Haynes Bayly) [PAR] \"Lying is the disease and truth is the cure\" (Arabic proverb) [PAR] \"Lies have twisted limbs.\" (Corsican proverb) [PAR] Related FAQs:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] what is the square root of 196... - Brainly.com what is the square root of 196... - Brainly.com [PAR] This Is a Certified Answer [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Certified answers contain reliable, trustworthy information vouched for by a hand-picked team of experts. Brainly has millions of high quality answers, all of them carefully moderated by our most trusted community members, but certified answers are the finest of the finest. [PAR] The answer would be 14 because 14 times 14 = 196. Square roots are numbers that can multiply itself to equal a number.[DOC] [TLE] (ii) 14 2 = 196. What is the square root of 196 ... ii 14 2 196 What is the square root of 196 THINK - MECHANICAL - MT205 [PAR] Ii 14 2 196 what is the square root of 196 think [PAR] SCHOOL [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] (ii) 14 2 = 196. What is the square root of 196? THINK, DISCUSS AND WRITE Since 9 2 = 81, and (\u20139) 2 = 81 We say that square roots of 81 are 9 and \u20139. (\u20131) 2 = 1. Is \u20131, a square root of 1? (\u20132) 2 = 4. Is \u20132, a square root of 4? (\u20139) 2 = 81. Is \u20139 a square root of 81? From the above, you may say that there are two integral square roots of a perfect square number. In this chapter, we shall take up only positive square root of a natural number. Positive square root of a number is denoted by the symbol . For example: 4 = 2 (not \u20132); 9 = 3 (not \u20133) etc. [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] 100 M ATHEMATICS Statement Inference Statement Inference 1 2 = 1 1 = 1 6 2 = 36 36 = 6 2 2 = 4 4 = 2 7 2 = 49 49 = 7 3 2 = 9 9 = 3 8 2 = 64 64 = 8 4 2 = 16 16 = 4 9 2 = 81 81 = 9 5 2 = 25 25 = 5 10 2 = 100 100 = 10 6.5.2 Finding square root through repeated subtraction Do you remember that the sum of the first n odd natural numbers is n 2 ? That is, every square number can be expressed as a sum of successive odd natural numbers starting from 1. Consider 81 . Then, (i) 81 \u2013 1 = 80 (ii) 80 \u2013 3 = 77 (iii) 77 \u2013 5 = 72 (iv) 72 \u2013 7 = 65 (v) 65 \u2013 9 = 56 (vi) 56 \u2013 11 = 45 (vii) 45 \u2013 13 = 32 (viii) 32 \u2013 15 = 17 (ix) 17 \u2013 17 = 0 From 81 we have subtracted successive odd numbers starting from 1 and obtained 0 at 9 th step. Therefore 81 = 9. Can you find the square root of 729 using this method? Yes, but it will be time consuming. Let us try to find it in a simpler way. 6.5.3 Finding square root through prime factorisation Consider the prime factorisation of the following numbers and their squares. Prime factorisation of a Number Prime factorisation of its Square 6 = 2 \u00d7 3 36 = 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 3 8 = 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 64 = 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 12 = 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 3 144 = 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 3 \u00d7"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sania Ramel Airport (TTU), Morocco: Location Map, Address ... Location Map of Sania Ramel Airport, Morocco [PAR] Sania Ramel Airport's Address:[DOC] [TLE] Sania Ramel (TTU) - air-port-codes.com Sania Ramel code (TTU) [PAR] Sania Ramel code (TTU) [PAR] Full Location: T\u00e9touan, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco [PAR] Website: [PAR] More airports in Morocco [PAR] API Examples? [PAR] Our API offers many options for a variety of different feeds. If you need a custom feed, let us help you . We can probably build an endpoint for you to access what you need. [PAR] Cheap flights to T\u00e9touan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dong with the Luminous Nose by Edward Lear: Animated ... The Dong with the Luminous Nose by Edward Lear: Animated Poem - YouTube [PAR] The Dong with the Luminous Nose by Edward Lear: Animated Poem [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 23, 2015 [PAR] Something a bit different! I have spent a long time on this one, not everything turned out as smoothly as I wanted but I'm definitely improving. [PAR] This is based around a poem written by Edward Lear and is one that my parents used to read to me as a child. I decided to use this as an opportunity to practice animating a character whilst considering their personality to help me create my own. [PAR] My next few animations are going to be shorter with focuses on different styles and ideas to help me improve my animating skills, I may also do videos containing lots of short and maybe connected animations. I've got lots of ideas so more cartoon style stuff will be on its way soon. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Business Slogan 35: Connecting People | Versa Creations ... Business Slogan 35: Connecting People | Versa Creations Marketing & Advertising Blog [PAR] Business Slogan 35: Connecting People [PAR] A carefully crafted business slogan speaks volumes of it\u2019s brand value and promise, successfully. [PAR] Before you click on the commercial, guess who used this famous 2-word slogan? [PAR] The first time I saw Nokia\u2019s ad with it\u2019s new slogan, \u201cConnecting People\u201d, I sucked in my breath. Just 2 simple words but so much is being said in these two words written by Ove Strandberg in 1992. [PAR] Nokia is all about mobile phones. However, with the aptly worded slogan \u201cConnecting People\u201d, the brand is telling us it is not merely selling a commodity called mobile phone. [PAR] Nokia positioned itself as a bridge to close the distance between people. We can reach out to those who matter to us. A phone call is all it takes to communicate love, care, warmth, respect, longing and pining. A phone call is all it takes to dissolve any doubts, suspicions, quarrels and disputes. No matter where you are, you can solve problems and find solutions by reaching out to the people you need to connect with. [PAR] The product is the means to an end. We want money not because of money itself but for the many, many pleasures we can get in return. This is exactly what Nokia is doing. The slogan is telling us Nokia is connected to us, and we are connected to other people because of the wonders of the Nokia phone. Nokia connects people across barriers and over distances. All these are achieved very elegantly and subtly in 2 simple words. A masterly stroke. [PAR] In May 2007, Nokia defined its new values for the company. Based on employee suggestions, the new values were defined as: Engaging You, Achieving Together, Passion for Innovation and Very Human. They are perfectly in line with the \u201cConnecting People\u201d slogan. [PAR] If you had clicked on the television commercial, you\u2019ll see how Nokia connects people beautifully and romantically with \u201cWill You Marry Me\u201d. The emotions will probably make you feel closer and more connected with the brand, especially if you are in the courtship age or mood. [PAR] Check out more such slogans filed under \u201cFamous Business Slogans\u201d category. Learn from these world renowned establishments and see how you can create your own personal or corporate persona. Alternatively, I\u2019m just an email away. [PAR] Read Related Post"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meissen - definition of Meissen by The Free Dictionary Meissen - definition of Meissen by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Meissen - definition of Meissen by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Meissen [PAR] Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Meis\u00b7sen 1 [PAR] (m\u012b\u2032s\u0259n) [PAR] A city of east-central Germany on the Elbe River northwest of Dresden. Its porcelain industry dates to the early 1700s. [PAR] Meis\u00b7sen 2 [PAR] A delicate porcelain ware originally made in Meissen, Germany. [PAR] Meissen [PAR] (German \u02c8mais\u0259n) [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a town in E Germany, in Saxony, in Dresden district on the River Elbe: famous for its porcelain (Dresden china), first made here in 1710. Pop: 28 640 (2003 est) [PAR] Meis\u2022sen [PAR] n. [PAR] a city in E central Germany on the Elbe River. 38,137. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Dresden china [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] The author takes us to many places on his journey to find the sources of white clay: to the hagglers, neon lights, and noodle shops of Jingdezhen, the domes and spires of Dresden, Johann Friedrich Bottger's prison in Meissen, the hills of Cornwall, a Walmart in the Appalachians--and the porcelain factory of Dachau. [PAR] Potter's progress: Anne Gerritsen follows Edmund de Waal as he goes in search of the history of porcelain [PAR] bronze of the dying Gaul, pair of 19th Century bronze Marley horses, vintage garden furniture, 19th Century Tiffany clock, 19th Century German Rococo porcelain clock, 19th Century gilt bronze clock and candelabra, vintage chandeliers from a John Staub mansion, 19th Century Baccarat five light candelabra, Meissen dessert set, 17th & 18th Century Spanish furnishings, Oriental rugs, Estate jewelry and much more. [PAR] Itinerary - Dresden, Germany [PAR] Furthermore, the sculptured lighting by designer Michael Anastassiades compliments the Louis XVI furniture and Meissen and Sevres porcelain, which were once part of the elegant apartment of cosmopolitan Anastasios Leventis in the prestigious Avenue Foch residential boulevard in the XVIe arrondissement of Paris. [PAR] Leventis Gallery to open in Cyprus with over 800 works of art [PAR] It is rare to encounter an author who can compare the works of Shakespeare with those of Goethe or Schiller, but it is an even rarer occurrence when the author compares the Bard to Meissen porcelain and aspects of German architecture after 1750.[DOC] [TLE] Meissen | Define Meissen at Dictionary.com Meissen | Define Meissen at Dictionary.com [PAR] Meissen [PAR] a city in E central Germany, on the Elbe River: famous for fine porcelain. [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for Meissen [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] It was a Samson copy of a Meissen and she was the muse of music, that figure. [PAR] The Ceramic Art Jennie J. Young [PAR] This too he has to carry with him as he can into the Meissen Country. [PAR] The Nrnberg Stove Louisa de la Ram (AKA Ouida) [PAR] \u201cOne does not like to be vulgarized,\u201d said the Lady of Meissen, angrily. [PAR] The Nrnberg Stove Louisa de la Ram (AKA Ouida) [PAR] The early efforts of Bttger, the discoverer of the secret of true porcelain, at Meissen, belong to this category. [PAR] The Ceramic Art Jennie J. Young [PAR] The knowledge oozed out, and in a very few years Meissen had several rivals. [PAR] The Ceramic Art Jennie J. Young [PAR] And the above repast was served on priceless Meissen china and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teams still don't like to play at Old Trafford, says ... Teams still don't like to play at Old Trafford, says Marouane Fellaini | Squawka News | News [PAR] Posted on April 20, 2016 [PAR] Marouane Fellaini is of the opinion that teams still \u201cdon\u2019t like to play\u201d at Old Trafford, despite the claims that Manchester United have lost their fear factor recently. [PAR] The Red Devils have lost just two Premier League home games this season, with the last defeat coming back in January against Southampton. Since then, they\u2019ve won their last four on the bounce at the Theatre of Dreams, as Louis van Gaal\u2019s men look to keep up their top four challenge. [PAR] United beat Aston Villa 1-0 last time out to keep the pressure on the likes of Arsenal and Manchester City, but their inconsistency has been the one real stumbling block in mounting a challenge for loftier goals, which has seen Van Gaal come under intense pressure. However Fellaini believes that the fans are still with the team, and that could prove vital in the final run-in. [PAR] How Man Utd should line up vs. Crystal Palace [PAR] SEE GALLERY [PAR] \u201cA lot of teams don\u2019t like to play at Old Trafford; it\u2019s a difficult place to come to and our supporters are always with us,\u201d the Belgian international told the club\u2019s official website ahead of tonight\u2019s home clash with Crystal Palace. \u201cWe have to make that count and make sure we perform. [PAR] \u201c[Palace] are a good team and they have a lot of quality in attack. We have to be ready for that and also play on the front foot because we\u2019re at home. It\u2019s a good test for us before the big game on Saturday.\u201d [PAR] Fellaini, like his manager, has been subject to heavy criticism this season, with his place in the side questioned by many United fans. [PAR] The 28-year-old has scored one goal and created nine chances in 16 Premier League appearances, winning 44% of his average duels and with an average pass accuracy of 83%. [PAR] Marouane Fellaini\u2019s average duels in the Premier League this season. [PAR] United sit fifth on 56 points following their win at the weekend, four adrift of Arsenal in fourth and five behind City in third with just five games remaining. [PAR] After tonight\u2019s clash with Palace, who drew 1-1 at the Emirates last time out, Van Gaal\u2019s men take on Everton in their FA Cup semi-final at Wembley on Saturday, looking to take another step towards winning their first piece of silverware since Sir Alex Ferguson\u2019s retirement."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rashin Coatie (Scottish Version of Cinderella) | George ... Rashin Coatie (Scottish Version of Cinderella) | George Scott Douglas [PAR] Fairytalez.com \u00bb George Scott Douglas \u00bb Rashin Coatie (Scottish Version of Cinderella) [PAR] Rashin Coatie (Scottish Version of Cinderella) [PAR] A A A [PAR] Once, a long time ago, there\u2013was a gentleman had two lassies. The oldest was ugly and ill-natured, but the youngest was a bonnie lassie and good; but the ugly one was the favourite with her father and mother. So they ill-used the youngest in every way, and they sent her into the woods to herd cattle, and all the food she got was a little porridge and whey. [PAR] Well, amongst the cattle was a red calf, and one day it said to the lassie, \u201cGee that porridge and whey to the doggie, and come with me.\u201d [PAR] So the lassie followed the calf through the wood, and they came to a bonnie hoosie, where there was a nice dinner ready for them; and after they had feasted on everything nice they went back to the herding. [PAR] Every day the calf took the lassie away, and feasted her on dainties; and every day she grew bonnier. This disappointed the father and mother and the ugly sister. They expected that the rough usage she was getting would take away her beauty; and they watched and watched until they saw the calf take the lassie away to the feast. So they resolved to kill the calf; and not only that, but the lassie was to be compelled to kill him with an axe. Her ugly sister was to hold his head, and the lassie who loved him had to give the blow and kill him. [PAR] She could do nothing but greet; but the calf told her not to greet, but to do as he bade her; and his plan was that instead of coming down on his head she was to come down on the lassie\u2019s head who was holding him, and then she was to jump on his back and they would run off. Well, the day came for the calf to be killed, and everything was ready\u2013the ugly lassie holding his head, and the bonnie lassie armed with the axe. So she raised the axe, and came down on the ugly sister\u2019s head; and in the confusion that took place she got on the calf\u2019s back and they ran away. And they ran and better nor ran till they came to a meadow where grew a great lot of rashes; and, as the lassie had not on many clothes, they pu\u2019ed rashes, and made a coatie for her. And they set off again and travelled, and travelled, till they came to the king\u2019s house. They went in, and asked if they wanted a servant. [PAR] The mistress said she wanted a kitchen lassie, and she would take Rashin-coatie. So Rashin-coatie said she would stop, if they keepit the calf too. They were willing to do that. So the lassie and the calf stoppit in the king\u2019s house, and everybody was well pleased with her; and when Yule came, they said she was to stop at home and make the dinner, while all the rest went to the kirk. After they were away the calf asked if she would like to go. She said she would, but she had no clothes, and she could not leave the dinner. The calf said he would give her clothes, and make the dinner too. He went out, and came back with a grand dress, all silk"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most prolific mother ever | Guinness World Records Most prolific mother ever | Guinness World Records [PAR] Most prolific mother ever [PAR] Where [PAR] Russia Shuya [PAR] The greatest officially recorded number of children born to one mother is 69, to the wife of Feodor Vassilyev (b. 1707\u2013c.1782), a peasant from Shuya, Russia. In 27 confinements she gave birth to 16 pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets and four sets of quadruplets. [PAR] *** [PAR] Numerous contemporaneous sources exist, which suggest that this seemingly improbably and statistically unlikely story is true. [PAR] The case was reported to Moscow by the Monastery of Nikolsk on 27 Feb 1782, which had recorded every birth. It is noted that, by this time, only two of the children who were born in the period c. 1725\u201365 failed to survive their infancy. [PAR] The Gentleman's Magazine (1783, 53, 753) recounts: \"In an original letter now before me, dated St Petersburg, Aug 13, 1782, O. S. Feodor Wassilief [sic], aged 75, a peasant, said to be now alive and in perfect health, in the Government of Moscow, has had\u2013 [PAR] By his first wife: [PAR] --------- [PAR] 8 births 18 children [PAR] In all, 35 births, 87 children, of which 84 are living and only three buried. . . The above relation, however astonishing, may be depended upon, as it came directly from an English merchant at St Petersburg to his relatives in England, who added that the peasant was to be introduced to the Empress.\" [PAR] In Saint Petersburg Panorama, Bashutski, 1834, the author notes that: [PAR] \"In the day of 27 February 1782, the list from Nikolskiy monastery came to Moscow containing the information that a peasant of the Shuya district, Feodor Vassilyev, married twice, had 87 children. His first wife in 27 confinements gave birth to 16 pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets and four sets of quadruplets. His second wife in eight confinements gave birth to six pairs of twins and two sets of triplets. F. Vassilyev was 75 at that time with 82 of his children alive.\" [PAR] And the Lancet (1878) refers to a twin study carried out by the French Academy and: [PAR] \"Apropos of the enquiry, the Committee of the Academy recall an account of a quite extraordinary fecundity that was published by M. Hermann in his \"Travaux Statistiques de la Russie,\" for Fedor Vassilet [sic]. . . who, in 1782, was aged 75 years, had had, by two wives, 87 children.\" [PAR] Aside from this, not much is known about the first Mrs Vassilyev - even her first name (although some sources claim her name was Valentina). [PAR] It is thought she lived to the age of 76. [PAR] Although this historic record should be taken with a pinch of salt, it is certainly conceivable that Mrs Vassilyev could have had a genetic predisposition to hyper-ovulate (release multiple eggs in one cycle), which significantly increases the chance of having twins or multiple children. [PAR] It is also not impossible for a woman to have 27 pregnancies during her fertile years. [PAR] All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access)[DOC] [TLE] The Largest Number of Children in One Family on Record? The Largest Number of Children in One Family on Record? [PAR] The Largest Number of Children in One Family on Record? [PAR] Click here to find out [PAR] USA Today recently came out with a family on record"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Official Mother's Day Proclamations by the President of ... Official Mother's Day Proclamations by the President of United States of America [PAR] Presidential Proclamation -- Mother's Day, 2014 [PAR] A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America [PAR] For over a century, Americans have come together to celebrate our first friends and mentors, our inspirations and constant sources of strength. Our mothers are breadwinners, community leaders, and pillars of family. They pioneer scientific discoveries, serve with valor in our Armed Forces, and represent our Nation in the loftiest halls of Government. Whether biological, adoptive, or foster, they play a singular role in our lives. Because they so often put everything above themselves, on Mother's Day, we put our moms first. [PAR] Through centuries of organizing, marching, and making their voices heard, mothers have won greater opportunities than ever before for themselves and their children. Their victories brought our Nation closer to realizing a sacred founding principle -- that we are all created equal and each of us deserves the chance to pursue our own version of happiness. [PAR] Today, there are more battles to win. Working mothers increasingly provide the majority of their family's income, yet even now, discrimination prevents women from earning a living equal to their efforts. My Administration is proud to fight alongside women as they push to close the gender pay gap, shatter glass ceilings, and implement workplace policies that do not force any parent to choose between their jobs and their kids. Because when women succeed, America succeeds. [PAR] By words and example, mothers teach us how to grow and who to become. They shape lasting habits that can lead to healthy living and lifelong learning. They demonstrate what is possible when we work hard and apply our talents. Without complaint, they give their best every day so they and their children might achieve the scope of their dreams. Today, let us once again extend our gratitude for our mothers' unconditional love and support -- during years past and in the years to come. [PAR] The Congress, by a joint resolution approved May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 770), has designated the second Sunday in May each year as \"Mother's Day\" and requested the President to call for its appropriate observance. [PAR] NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 11, 2014, as Mother's Day. I urge all Americans to express love and gratitude to mothers everywhere, and I call upon all citizens to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities. [PAR] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand fourteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-eighth. [PAR] BARACK OBAMA [PAR] Presidential Proclamation -- Mother's Day, 2013 [PAR] A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America [PAR] Today, sons and daughters all across America come together to honor the women who raised them. Whether single or in partnership, foster or adoptive, mothers hold a special place in our hearts. For many of us, they are our first caretakers and our first teachers, imparting the early lessons that guide us growing up. And no matter the challenges we face or the paths we choose, moms are there for their children with hope and love -- scraping and sacrificing and doing whatever it takes to give them a bright future. [PAR] That work has often stretched outside the home. In the century since Americans first came together"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heaviest Baby Born: This Girl Tips The Scales At 15 Pounds Heaviest Baby Born: This Girl Tips The Scales At 15 Pounds [PAR] Heaviest Baby Born: This Girl Tips The Scales At 15 Pounds [PAR] The Huffington Post Canada | By Isabelle Khoo [PAR] reddit [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] The world\u2019s heaviest baby girl is here! On Monday, 19-year-old Nandini, from Hassan, India, welcomed a daughter weighing a whopping 15 pounds . [PAR] The infant, who has not yet been named, was born via Caesarian section and weighs the same as an average six-month-old , the Daily Mail reports. Both the mother and medical staff were surprised by the baby\u2019s large size. [PAR] \u201cIn my 25 years of experience, I had never seen such a big baby . She is a miracle,\u201d said local health officer Dr. Venkatesh Raju. \u201cI believe she is not only the heaviest baby born in India but the heaviest baby girl ever born in the world.\u201d [PAR] Teen mum gives birth to 'world's heaviest' baby weighing whopping 15lbs [PAR] (the same as a 6-month-old) #India pic.twitter.com/qwQYDLsVJk [PAR] \u2014 RaajjeTV (@Raajje_tv) May 25, 2016 [PAR] According to the Mirror UK, the first-time mom had a smooth pregnancy and was not diagnosed with maternal diabetes, which can cause newborns to be overweight . As a result, the baby girl\u2019s big size was highly unexpected. [PAR] The average newborn weighs about 7.5 pounds. Besides maternal diabetes, a number of factors can contribute to a baby\u2019s birth weight , including the parent\u2019s genetics and the amount of weight the mom gains during pregnancy. [PAR] After Nandini welcomed her daughter, the infant was taken to the neonatal intensive care unit for monitoring, as big babies tend to have health complications . [PAR] \u201cShe is really big and beautiful,\u201d said Dr. Poornima Manu, who delivered the baby. \u201cShe does not have any health issues like irregular sugar levels or thyroid and is breathing well. We were initially concerned about her sugar levels but that is normal.\u201d [PAR] Both mom and baby are expected to be discharged in a few days . [PAR] There\u2019s no doubt that Nandini\u2019s daughter is a big baby, but an infant born in Daly City, California in 2013 still holds the title of one of the world's heaviest babies to date. The baby boy, who is the biggest ever born in California, weighed just over 16 pounds. [PAR] But neither of these babies compare to the heaviest infant in the Guinness World Records . In 1879, Canadian mom Anna Bates gave birth to a baby boy who weighed a staggering 22 pounds. Sadly, the infant passed away 11 hours later. [PAR] A healthy baby boy born in Italy in 1955 now holds the record for world\u2019s heaviest birth with a weight of 22.8 pounds. [PAR] ALSO ON HUFFPOST: [PAR] Newborn Photos Every Parent Needs To Take [PAR] of [PAR] \ue000 [PAR] \ue001 [PAR] This shot is a no brainer! Once your newborn is here, this is one happy family moment you won't want to miss. After all, the birth of your child is no small milestone. [PAR] Likewise, it goes without saying that taking a photo of your newborn at the hospital is a must. After all, these are his or her very first moments of life! [PAR] There\u2019s really nothing sweeter than a beautiful, sleeping newborn baby. [PAR] When you welcome another newborn, it\u2019s important that your other children bond with the baby. A great way to do this is to take some tender sibling shots. Ask your kids to hold the baby, lie beside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heaviest birth | Guinness World Records Heaviest birth | Guinness World Records [PAR] Guinness World Records [PAR] Anna Haining Bates, born Anna Haining Swan, Carmelina Fedele [PAR] Where [PAR] When [PAR] 19 January 1879 [PAR] Giantess Anna Bates (n\u00e9e Swan) (Canada, b. 6 August 1846; d. 5 August 1888), who measured 241.3 cm (7 ft 11 in), gave birth to a boy weighing 9.98 kg (22 lb) and measuring 71.12 cm (28 in) at her home in Seville, Ohio, USA, on 19 January 1879. [PAR] The baby, who was not officially named but just referred to as \"Babe\", sadly died 11 hours later. [PAR] *** [PAR] It has been reported that when Anna's waters broke, she lost an estimated six gallons of fluid. [PAR] Martin van Buren Bates (USA, 1837\u20131919), the father of the child wrote: \u201cHe was 28\u201d tall, weighed 22 lbs and was perfect in every respect. He looked at birth like an ordinary child of six months\u201d. (See http://www.planetslade.com/the-giants-wedding1.html for reference.) [PAR] At 17 years old, Anna Haining Swan (CAN, 1846\u201388), the daughter of Scottish immigrants to Nova Scotia, measured 241.3 cm (7 ft 11 in) tall. [PAR] Anna first met Martin, who stood at 236.22 cm (7 ft 9 in) tall, as a result of their respective sideshow careers. They both earned fame for their height and travelled in circus troupes both separately and as a pair. [PAR] After a two year relationship on 17 Jun 1871, Anna married Martin in London in front of a huge crowd of onlookers. [PAR] It has been reported that a Daily Telegraph article published at the time of the wedding commented: [PAR] \"A man may get used to being eight feet high,\" it told readers. \"But to be eight feet high and to be stared at by a devout congregation of idlers on the occasion of marrying a lady who is eight feet high also is a trying conjunction of matters. However, Captain Bates got through his difficulties tolerably well\". (See http://www.planetslade.com/the-giants-wedding1.html for reference.) [PAR] The couple had a combined height of a record 477.52 cm (15 ft 8 in) and soon became billing themselves as \"The Tallest Couple Alive\". [PAR] To this day, the pair retains the official Guinness World Records title as the Tallest married couple ever . [PAR] Prior to the record-setting birth in 1879, eight years after the wedding, the couple had already lost a baby girl who was born on 19 May 1872, but devastatingly died at birth. [PAR] Anna was the third child of Alexander Swan and Ann Swan (n\u00e9e Graham). Alexander had emigrated from Dumfriesshire, Scotland, to the Millbrook section of the community of New Annan, near the village of Tatamagouche, in the county of Colchester, Nova Scotia, Canada. Ann Graham (married Swan) was born and lived in New Annan. They had a family of 13 children. The first two lived for a very short time, so their third child, Anna, is often considered the eldest. [PAR] The heaviest baby born to a healthy mother was a boy weighing 10.2 kg (22 lb 8 oz) who was born to Sig. Carmelina Fedele (Italy) at Aversa, Italy in September 1955. [PAR] There are other extraordinary cases of heavy births: [PAR] It was reported that Francisca Ramos dos Santos (Brazil) gave birth by caesarean section to her son Ademilton who weighed in at 7.57 kg (16 lb 11.02 oz) on 18 January 2005 in Salvador, Brazil. [PAR] Christina Samane (South Africa) also gave birth to a 10.2 kg (22 lb 8 oz) child, but this was later disqualified, as the child suffered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baby Love by The Supremes Songfacts Baby Love by The Supremes Songfacts [PAR] Baby Love by The Supremes Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] The Motown songwriting team of Holland-Dozier-Holland wrote this innocent song about teenage love. They wrote 14 US Top-10 hits for The Supremes. [PAR] Explaining how the trio wrote to NME in 1984, Lamont Dozier said: \"I would collaborate with Eddie on lyrics and with Brian on melodies. Then Brian and I would go into the studio and produce the actual record although Eddie should have been put down as one of the producers because he helped teach the artists the tune when the lyric was finished.\" [PAR] A musician named Lorenzo Pack filed a lawsuit against Motown in 1966, claiming the Holland-Dozier-Holland songwriting team based \"Baby Love\" on his 1962 song \"I'm Afraid.\" Pack had little evidence to support his assertion, and Motown won the lawsuit. The testimony, however, revealed some insights on this song, as Brian Holland told the court: \"When we write a song, we try to express real feelings about a real situation. In writing the song for The Supremes it was obvious that we were writing for pretty young girls, of whom one is the so-called lead singer. Therefore, in writing 'Baby Love,' we pictured a simple story about a girl whose boyfriend has left her and who loves him very dearly and who would like the boy to come back. The music fits this simple story.\" [PAR] This was The Supremes' first and only song to reach #1 in the UK. The Supremes were the first girl-group to have a #1 hit in Britain. It turned out to be The Supremes' only UK #1, though they had many more in the US. [PAR] In August of 1974, this song was reissued in Britain, where it reached UK #12. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Jerro - New Alexandria, PA, for above 2 [PAR] According to Rolling Stone magazine, when this song was finished, Berry Gordy thought it wasn't catchy enough and sent the group back into the studio, which is when they came up with the \"Oooooh\" at the beginning. [PAR] This song, \" Where Did Our Love Go \" and \" Come See About Me \" were written by Holland-Dozier-Holland in one session and were all recorded within two weeks. Berry Gordy required the songwriters to punch a clock when they came in and left for work at Motown, which is something he learned working for Ford. The H-D-H team was especially proficient, often completing 2 or 3 songs a day. [PAR] This song received a Grammy nomination for Best Rhythm & Blues Recording in 1965; it lost to Nancy Wilson's \"How Glad I Am.\" [PAR] This was the second US #1 hit for The Supremes, following \" Where Did Our Love Go .\" They were the first Motown act with two #1 hits. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Beckham reveals novel idea behind Harper Seven's ... David Beckham reveals novel idea behind Harper Seven's name | Life and style | The Guardian [PAR] Harper Seven Beckham [PAR] David Beckham reveals novel idea behind Harper Seven's name [PAR] Victoria and David Beckham use Facebook and Twitter to share pictures of daughter Harper Seven and explain name [PAR] David Beckham holding his daughter Harper Seven Beckham which was posted on Victoria Beckham's Twitter page. Photograph: Victoria Beckham/Twitter/PA [PAR] Harper Seven Beckham [PAR] David Beckham reveals novel idea behind Harper Seven's name [PAR] Victoria and David Beckham use Facebook and Twitter to share pictures of daughter Harper Seven and explain name [PAR] Press Association [PAR] Sunday 17 July 2011 13.57 EDT [PAR] First published on Sunday 17 July 2011 13.57 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Cradled in the arms of her parents, Harper Seven Beckham looks blissfully unaware she is already one of the most famous babies in the world as the first photos of her are released to the public. [PAR] Both Victoria and David Beckham have posted pictures of the newborn on social networking sites. [PAR] Victoria used her Twitter account to share a photo of her husband and the baby with her 1.5 million followers. [PAR] In the black-and-white picture, David is touching noses with Harper, who is wrapped in a blanket and wearing a pale hat with her eyes shut. [PAR] The fashion designer has added the caption: \"Daddy's little girl!\" [PAR] On Facebook , David posted a black-and-white photo of Victoria asleep with the baby dozing on her chest with the caption: \"I took this picture of my two girls sleeping.\" [PAR] During a game against Real Madrid on Saturday, the LA Galaxy footballer sported a pair of football boots with the names of all four of his children stitched on in pink. [PAR] On Friday he posted a video on his Facebook page explaining the reasons for naming the little girl, who was born on 10 July, Harper Seven. [PAR] He ended days of speculation by confirming the baby was named after To Kill A Mockingbird author Harper Lee , saying: \"Victoria's favourite book is To Kill A Mockingbird, it's a very strong, passionate book and the author was Harper Lee, and that is where Harper came from.\" [PAR] He added that while most people had assumed the name Seven was a reference to his shirt number at Manchester United, he said that was only part of the reason. [PAR] \"The main reason behind Seven was it symbolises spiritual perfection \u2013 the seven wonders of the world, the seven colours of the rainbow \u2013 and in many cultures it is a lucky number. [PAR] \"We love the name and we love Harper Seven. We are very happy to have her in our lives and in our family, and it is an amazing time for our family right now.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 3 Men and a Baby (1987) - IMDb 3 Men and a Baby (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] 3 Men and a Baby ( 1987 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] Three bachelors find themselves forced to take care of a baby left by one of the guys' girlfriends. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 13 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 15 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 27 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Title: 3 Men and a Baby (1987) [PAR] 5.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Sylvia's work increasingly takes her away from the three men who help bring up Mary, her daughter. When she decides to move to England and take Mary with her, the three men are heartbroken ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Emile Ardolino [PAR] Number 5 of a group of experimental robots in a lab is electrocuted, suddenly becomes intelligent, and escapes. [PAR] Director: John Badham [PAR] This time, a new baby is on the way, and it's a girl. Wrapped together with the standard conflict between mother and father, Mikey engages in a bit of sibling rivalry with his new sister. [PAR] Director: Amy Heckerling [PAR] With his oldest daughter's wedding approaching, a father finds himself reluctant to let go. [PAR] Director: Charles Shyer [PAR] George Banks must deal not only with the pregnancy of his daughter, but also with the unexpected pregnancy of his wife. [PAR] Director: Charles Shyer [PAR] Apartment block tenants seek the aid of alien mechanical life-forms to save their building from demolition. [PAR] Director: Matthew Robbins [PAR] In this, the third film, it's the pets who do the talking. The Ubriacco's find themselves the owners of two dogs, Rocks, a street wise cross breed, and Daphne, a spoiled pedigree poodle. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Tom Ropelewski [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Three bachelor friends - architect Peter, artist Michael, and actor Jack are sharing an apartment in Manhattan. After Jack goes filming in Turkey his two flatmates find his baby daughter - which Jack doesn't know about - left outside their door. The two are left to look after the baby, and realise how difficult this can be. How would this baby change the life style of these confirmed bachelors? Written by Sami Al-Taher <staher2000@yahoo.com> [PAR] See All (79) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] Peter, Michael and Jack know a thing or two about women. But when it comes to babies, they're all wet. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 25 November 1987 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Three Men and a Baby See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby (35 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Tom Hanks, Michael Keaton, Bruce Willis and John Travolta were considered for the role of Michael."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are baby hamsters called? | Reference.com What are baby hamsters called? | Reference.com [PAR] What are baby hamsters called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Baby hamsters are known as pups, and they are born without any hair or teeth. They develop teeth and begin to grow hair when they are between 11 and 14 days old, and their eyes open when they are about 14 days old. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Mother hamsters may give birth to as many as 24 pups in a single litter. The pups nurse from the mother until they are between 3 and 4 weeks old, depending on the breed. At about 2 weeks of age, they begin eating soft, solid foods in addition to their mother's milk, and at 3 weeks of age, they resemble small adult hamsters in appearance.[DOC] [TLE] All About Baby Hamsters - SmallAnimalChannel.com All About Baby Hamsters [PAR] All About Baby Hamsters [PAR] Discover these 22 need-to-know facts about hamster pups, from Day 1 to week 12. [PAR] By Christine Logsdail [PAR] Tweet [PAR] \u00a9 Gina Cioli/I-5 Publishing LLC [PAR] Dwarf hamsters wean at about 3 weeks of age and must be separated by sex at 3.5 to 5 weeks of age to prevent pregnancies. [PAR] 1. Hamster babies, called pups, grow very rapidly. [PAR] 2. All hamsters are born naked and blind, whether they are Syrian hamsters or one of the four common dwarf hamster species (Campbell\u2019s hamster, Winter White hamster, Chinese hamster and Roborovski hamster). [PAR] 3. When hamsters are a week old, their teeth emerge from their gums, and their hair and coloring becomes visible. [PAR] 4. Between 11 and 14 days hamster pups voluntarily become mobile. [PAR] 5. At around 14 days of age, their eyes begin to open and their ears are erect. Hamster babies are also fully furred, but the coat is fairly short. [PAR] 6. At this point, the hamster babies still feed from their mother, but also consume milky foods, greens and dry hamster mix. Milky foods include runny porridge or other soft cereals made with milk. [PAR] 7. Fourteen days of age is the ideal time to handle the young of either Syrian or dwarf species, if the mother hamster allows it. Be warned \u2014 like all young animals, baby hamsters are fast, unpredictable and extremely wriggly! [PAR] 8. At 3 weeks of age, hamsters resemble miniature adults. [PAR] 9. Syrian hamsters continue to feed from their mother until the 26th to 28th day after they were born. [PAR] 10. At about 4 weeks old, the hamster babies should be split from the mother into two cages \u2014 one for each sex. Some hamster mothers might allow the females to stay for a day or two more. A mother that is tired after rearing the litter, however, may try to drive the females away just as she would in the wild. [PAR] 11. Dwarf hamsters are weaned by their mother earlier than Syrians, at about three weeks, but a dwarf mother may tolerate her pups a little longer than a Syrian mother. [PAR] 12. All dwarf hamster pups must be removed from the cage when they are between 3\u00bd to 5 weeks of age. This removal is necessary to eliminate the chance that the father hamster might impregnate his daughter(s). [PAR] 13. If the dwarf father remained in the cage, mating likely occurred soon after birth, so a new litter of hamsters could appear when the first litter is about 3 weeks old. To avoid a population explosion, remove the father hamster from the cage. This isn\u2019t"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (Prince) - Pics ... Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (Prince) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom [PAR] Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom [PAR] Member of the British Royal Family and Daughter of Queen Victoria [PAR] Female [PAR] Born Apr 14, 1857 [PAR] The Princess Beatrice was a member of the British Royal Family. She was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Juan Carlos, King of Spain, is her great-grandson. Beatrice has the distinction of being the last of Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, Beatrice's sister, Princess Alice.\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] Show Less [PAR] She was christened in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace on 16 June 1857. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Her godparents were the Duchess of Kent (maternal grandmother); the Princess Royal (eldest sister); and the Prince Frederick of Prussia (her future brother-in-law).<br /><br /> From birth, Beatrice became a favoured child. The elder favourite daughter of Prince Albert, the Princess Royal, was about to take up residence in Germany with her new husband, Frederick (\"Fritz\") of Prussia. At the same time, the newly arrived Beatrice showed promise. Albert wrote to Augusta, Fritz's mother, that \"Baby practises her scales like a good prima donna before a performance and has a good voice!\" Although Queen Victoria was known to dislike most babies, she liked Beatrice, whom she considered attractive. This provided Beatrice with an advantage over her elder siblings. Queen Victoria once remarked that Beatrice was \"a pretty, plump and flourishing child... with fine large blue eyes, a pretty little mouth and very fine skin\". Her long, golden hair was the focus of paintings commissioned by Queen Victoria, who enjoyed giving Beatrice her bath, in marked contrast to her bathing preferences for her other children. Beatrice showed intelligence, which further endeared her to the Prince Consort, who was amused by her childhood precociousness. Read Less [PAR] Born on April 14, 1857. [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] Show Less [PAR] \u2026 [PAR] In March 1861, Queen Victoria's mother Victoria, Duchess of Kent, died at Frogmore. The Queen broke down in grief and guilt over their estrangement at the beginning of her reign. Beatrice tried to console her mother by reminding her that the Duchess of Kent was \"in heaven, but Beatrice hopes she will return\". This comfort was significant because Queen Victoria had isolated herself from her children except the eldest unmarried, Princess Alice, and Beatrice. Queen Victoria again relied on Beatrice and Alice after the death of Albert, of typhoid fever, on 14 December. <br /><br />The depth of the Queen's grief over the death of her husband surprised her family, courtiers, politicians and general populace. As when her mother died, she shut herself off from her family\u00e2\u0080\u0094most particularly, the Prince of Wales, (whom she blamed for her husband's death), with the exception of Alice and Beatrice. Queen Victoria often took Beatrice from her cot, hurried to her bed and \"lay there sleepless, clasping to her child, wrapped in the nightclothes of a man who would wear them no more.\" Read Less [PAR] After 1871, when the last of Beatrice's elder sisters married, Queen Victoria came to rely upon her youngest daughter, who had declared from an early age: \"I don't like weddings at all. \u2026 Read More [PAR] I shall never be married. I shall stay with my mother.\" As her mother's secretary,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sapling | Define Sapling at Dictionary.com Sapling | Define Sapling at Dictionary.com [PAR] sapling [PAR] 1375-1425; late Middle English; see sap 1, -ling 1 [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for sapling [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] Obama planted a sapling in the garden of the presidential residence and even quoted a story from the Jewish Talmud. [PAR] Obama and Netanyahu Make Peace During President\u2019s First Israel Visit Eli Lake March 19, 2013 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] They got ashore, and fastened the painter to a sapling on the bank, because it was not long enough to go round a pile. [PAR] Two Knapsacks John Campbell [PAR] A sapling was cut off so that the stump of a limb was left at the bottom of it. [PAR] Folkways William Graham Sumner [PAR] The Quadroon Mayne Reid [PAR] Trees should be dropped so that they will not crush young seedlings and sapling growth as they fall. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for sapling [PAR] Expand [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for sapling [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] early 14c., from sap (n.1) + diminutive suffix -ling . This probably is the source of American English slang sap (n.3) \"club, short staff\" (1899) and the verb sap (v.2) \"to hit (someone) with a sap\" (1926). [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Re: What body part or organ stays the same size from birth? Re: What body part or organ stays the same size from birth? [PAR] Re: What body part or organ stays the same size from birth? [PAR] Date: Fri Jun 2 21:24:24 2006 [PAR] Posted By: Brian Bauereis, Grad student, Clinical Neuropharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio [PAR] Area of science: Anatomy [PAR] Message: [PAR] Hi Jamie, [PAR] Interesting question. I have a feeling you may have a follow up to my response. I believe that Steve Mack at madscientist has provided the best answer: The spinal cord. In the human fetus, the spinal cord extends all the way down to the sacral vertebrae (the very end). As a person ages, the spinal cord shortens relative to the rest of the body so at adulthood the spinal cord only reaches down to around the level of L1 (lumbar 1). Neuroanatomy is one of my best subjects....any related questions will be gladly received! [PAR] There is maybe a less obvious answer. The eyes. I have to admit though, a babies eyes are about 75% of what they will become as an adult. So they are technically not the same size from birth, but pretty close. With that said, we'll stick to the spinal cord as the best answer. I hope this response satisfies you question. If not, might I suggest you submit a more specific question? [PAR] Brian Bauereis [PAR] [Moderator's Note: These answers, 937854003.An and 1141746701.An , in our archives discuss changes in the size of the eyeball from birth to adulthood.]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Chaplin - Biography - IMDb Charles Chaplin - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Charles Chaplin [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 167 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (7) | Trivia (97) | Personal Quotes (45) | Salary (7) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 5\" (1.65 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Charlie Chaplin, considered to be one of the most pivotal stars of the early days of Hollywood, lived an interesting life both in his films and behind the camera. He is most recognized as an icon of the silent film era, often associated with his popular \"Little Tramp\" character; the man with the toothbrush mustache, bowler hat, bamboo cane, and a funny walk. [PAR] Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in Walworth, London, England on April 16th, 1889, to Hannah Harriet Pedlingham (Hill) and Charles Chaplin, both music hall performers, who were married on June 22nd, 1885. After Charles Sr. separated from Hannah to perform in New York City, Hannah then tried to resurrect her stage career. Unfortunately, her singing voice had a tendency to break at unexpected moments. When this happened, the stage manager spotted young Charlie standing in the wings and led him on stage, where five-year-old Charlie began to sing a popular tune. Charlie and his half-brother, Syd Chaplin spent their lives in and out of charity homes and workhouses between their mother's bouts of insanity. Hannah was committed to Cane Hill Asylum in May of 1903 and lived there until 1921, when Chaplin moved her to California. [PAR] Chaplin began his official acting career at the age of eight, touring with The Eight Lancashire Lads. At 18 he began touring with Fred Karno 's vaudeville troupe, joining them on the troupe's 1910 US tour. He traveled west to California in December 1913 and signed on with Keystone Studios' popular comedy director Mack Sennett , who had seen Chaplin perform on stage in New York. Charlie soon wrote his brother Syd, asking him to become his manager. While at Keystone, Chaplin appeared in and directed 35 films, starring as the Little Tramp in nearly all. [PAR] In November 1914, he left Keystone and signed on at Essanay, where he made 15 films. In 1916, he signed on at Mutual and made 12 films. In June 1917, Chaplin signed up with First National Studios, after which he built Chaplin Studios. In 1919 he and Douglas Fairbanks , Mary Pickford and D.W. Griffith formed United Artists (UA). [PAR] Chaplin's life and career was full of scandal and controversy. His first big scandal was during World War I, during which time his loyalty to England, his home country, was questioned. He had never applied for US citizenship, but claimed that he was a \"paying visitor\" to the United States. Many British citizens called Chaplin a coward and a slacker. This and his other career eccentricities sparked suspicion with FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover and the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), who believed that he was injecting Communist propaganda into his films. Chaplin's later film The Great Dictator (1940), which was his first \"talkie\", also created a stir. In the film Chaplin plays a humorous caricature of Adolf Hitler . Some thought the film was poorly done and in bad taste. However it grossed over $5 million and earned five Academy Award Nominations. [PAR] Another scandal occurred when Chaplin briefly dated 22-year-old Joan Barry. However Chaplin's relationship with Barry came to an end in 1942, after a series of harassing actions from her. In May of 1943 Barry returned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Was the name Wendy invented for the book Peter Pan The Straight Dope: Was the name Wendy invented for the book \"Peter Pan\"? [PAR] A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board [PAR] Was the name Wendy invented for the book \"Peter Pan\"? [PAR] December 17, 2002 [PAR] Dear Straight Dope: [PAR] Here's a rumor (and by rumor I mean one of those E-mail-lore things): The name Wendy was made-up for the book Peter Pan. As I have a friend so named, is this true? [PAR] \u2014 Craig Cormier [PAR] One simple click here shows us that the name Wendy was invented in 1973 for the \"Superfriends\" cartoon on ABC, the name Marvin having been previously invented by Mel Blanc in the 50s for a series of Bugs Bunny cartoons. Next question? [PAR] All kidding aside, J. M. Barrie did not invent the name Wendy for his 1904 play Peter Pan, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (the book form of the story, Peter and Wendy, was published in 1911). He did popularize it, though. Barrie apparently was inspired to use the name by a young friend named Margaret Henley, the daughter of writer William Henley. Margaret, who died around 1895 at age 6, called Barrie her \"friendy.\" Since she couldn't pronounce her Rs at the time, the word came out \"fwendy,\" or \"fwendy-wendy,\" in some versions of the story. [PAR] But we have absolute proof that there were earlier Wendys, thanks to the just-released 1880 U.S. Census and the 1881 British Census (available here ). These documents show that the name Wendy, while not common, was indeed used in both the U.S. and Great Britain throughout the 1800s. I had no trouble finding twenty females with the first name Wendy in the United States, the earliest being Wendy Gram of Ohio (born in 1828). If you include such spelling variations as Windy, Wendi, Wenda, and Wandy the number triples. [PAR] As to the origins of said name, websites here and here make the claim that Wendy is a derivative of the name Gwendolen or maybe Gwendolyn. Looking further, I chanced upon World Wide Wendy , a site dedicated to, well, all things Wendy. On this site, Doctor of Folklore Leslie Ellen Jones discusses the possible Welsh origins of the name Gwendolyn and its derivative Wendy. In both the English and U.S. Census, however, the name Wendy is also used as a male first name, so I suspect further research may be required. [PAR] Of course, if you go back a few centuries and head east a mite, we have the Chinese emperor Wendi of the Sui dynasty (541-604), and before that the Great Emperor Wendi of the Han dynasty (179 BC-157 BC). But that's stretching it a bit far, don'tcha think? [PAR] Further reference:[DOC] [TLE] Peter Pan - Summary - Book Drum Peter Pan - Summary - Book Drum [PAR] Peter Pan [PAR] Review [PAR] Peter Pan opens in London, in the home of the slightly eccentric, but typical, Darling family. Mr. and Mrs. Darling worry about paying the bills, and cut corners to make ends meet. Hence the childrens' nurse, Nana, a Newfoundland dog who cares for Wendy, John and little Michael as they sleep, watching them protectively from her kennel in the nursery. [PAR] But who is this Peter Pan of whom the children speak? Surely he must be a figment of their imagination, appearing only in dreams? Yet to Mrs. Darling, the name brings with it a nagging sensation of youthful memories, long since muddied by adulthood. [PAR] One evening Mrs. Darling"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baby names: Top 100 most popular boys and girls' names ... Baby names: Top 100 most popular boys and girls' names | The Independent [PAR] Baby names: Top 100 most popular boys and girls' names [PAR] Several new entries but top slots remain unchanged [PAR] Monday 17 August 2015 12:48 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Infants less than a year old become more interested in objects that do seemingly impossible things Getty Images [PAR] The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has released the annual list of the most popular baby names in England and Wales. [PAR] Girls: [PAR] 1 Amelia 5,327 (number) No change (change in rank since 2013) [PAR] 2 Olivia 4,724 No change [PAR] 3 Isla 4,012 Up 2 [PAR] 4 Emily 3,991 Down 1 [PAR] 5 Poppy 3,273 Up 2 [PAR] 6 Ava 3,171 Down 2 [PAR] 7 Isabella 3,022 Up 1 [PAR] 8 Jessica 2,995 Down 2 [PAR] 9 Lily 2,965 Up 3 [PAR] 10 Sophie 2,905 Down 1 [PAR] 11 Grace 2,785 Up 2 [PAR] 12 Sophia 2,752 Up 3 [PAR] 13 Mia 2,727 Down 3 [PAR] 14 Evie 2,664 No change [PAR] 15 Ruby 2,595 Down 4 [PAR] 16 Ella 2,465 No change [PAR] 17 Scarlett 2,359 No change [PAR] 18 Isabelle 2,241 Up 1 [PAR] 19 Chloe 2,215 Down 1 [PAR] 20 Sienna 2,174 Up 2 [PAR] 21 Freya 2,164 Down 1 [PAR] 22 Phoebe 2,099 Up 2 [PAR] 23 Charlotte 2,018 Down 2 [PAR] 24 Daisy 1,957 Down 1 [PAR] 25 Alice 1,783 Up 2 [PAR] 26 Florence 1,781 Up 3 [PAR] 27 Eva 1,725 Down 1 [PAR] 28 Sofia 1,692 Up 2 [PAR] 29 Millie 1,685 Down 4 [PAR] 30 Lucy 1,664 Down 2 [PAR] 31 Evelyn 1,506 Up 14 [PAR] 32 Elsie 1,497 Up 15 [PAR] 33 Rosie 1,475 Up 5 [PAR] 34 Imogen 1,463 No change [PAR] 35 Lola 1,441 Down 3 [PAR] 36 Matilda 1,440 No change [PAR] 37 Elizabeth 1,398 Up 2 [PAR] 38 Layla 1,391 Down 7 [PAR] 39 Holly 1,362 Down 6 [PAR] 40 Lilly 1,352 Down 3 [PAR] 41 Molly 1,349 Down 6 [PAR] 42 Erin 1,343 Down 2 [PAR] 43 Ellie 1,308 No change [PAR] 44 Maisie 1,221 Down 3 [PAR] 45 Maya 1,200 Up 6 [PAR] 46 Abigail 1,181 No change [PAR] 47 Eliza 1,165 Up 12 [PAR] 48 Georgia 1,163 Up 12 [PAR] 49 Jasmine 1,155 Up 1 [PAR] 50 Esme 1,151 Up 8 [PAR] 51 Willow 1,142 Up 3 [PAR] 52 Bella 1,141 Up 4 [PAR] 53 Annabelle 1,108 Up 10 [PAR] 54 Ivy 1,103 Up 12 [PAR] 55 Amber 1,089 Up 10 [PAR] 56 Emilia 1,082 Up 8 [PAR] 57 Emma 1,071 Down 2 [PAR] 58 Summer 1,067 Down 10 [PAR] 59 Hannah 1,061 Down 15 [PAR] 60 Eleanor 1,049 Down 3 [PAR] 61 Harriet 1,016 No change [PAR] 62 Rose 990 Up 6 [PAR] 63 Amelie 988 Down 11 [PAR] 64 Lexi 972 Down 22 [PAR] 65 Megan 879 Down 16 [PAR] 66 Gracie 871 Down 4 [PAR] 67 Zara 838 Up 3 [PAR] 68 Lacey 829 Down 15 [PAR] 69 Martha 807 Up 4 [PAR] 70 Anna 804 Down 1 [PAR] 71 Violet 754 Up 7 [PAR] 72 Darcey 727 Up 12 [PAR] 73 Maria 707 Up 10 [PAR] 74 Maryam 705 Up 6 [PAR] 75 Brooke 703 Down 8 [PAR] 76 Aisha 702 Up 18 [PAR] 77 Katie 701 Up 2 [PAR] 78 Leah 683 Down 7 [PAR] 79 Thea 678 Up 42 *new entry [PAR] 80 Darcie 677 Up 23 *new entry [PAR] 81 Hollie 673 Down 6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top English baby boy names in 2008 Top English baby boy names in 2008 [PAR] \u25bc2 [PAR] Samuel , var. Sam, .. 6 more [PAR] 12.\u25bc2 George , var. Giorgius, .. 54 more13.\u25bc2 Joseph , var. Josef\u25bc, .. 42 more14.\u25b22 Lewis , up two years: 20&rightarrow;16&rightarrow;14, var. Luis\u25bc, .. 3 more15.\u25b22 Ethan , var. Ethen\u25bc, .. 3 more16.\u25b21 Mohammed , up three years: 23&rightarrow;22&rightarrow;17&rightarrow;16, var. Mohamed\u25bc, Muhammad\u25bc, Mohammad\u25bc, Mohamad\u25bc17.\u25b22 Dylan , up three years: 24&rightarrow;23&rightarrow;19&rightarrow;17, var. Dillon\u25bc, Dillan\u25bc, Dyllan\u25bc, Dylon\u25bc, .. 2 more18.\u25bc4 Benjamin , down two years: 11&rightarrow;14&rightarrow;18, var. Benjaman, .. 28 more19.\u25b24 Alexander , up two years: 24&rightarrow;23&rightarrow;19, var. Alexandro\u25bc, Alexandre\u25bc, Aleksander\u25bc, .. 67 more20.\u25b24 Jacob , var. Jacobo, .. 60 more21.\u25b24 Ryan , var. Rian\u25bc, Ryne\u25bc, .. 5 more22.\u25b26 Liam , up two years: 31&rightarrow;28&rightarrow;22, var. Lyam23.\u25bc5 Jake , down two years: 15&rightarrow;18&rightarrow;23, var. Jack\u25bc, Jacques\u25bc24.\u25b26 Max , var. Maxx\u25bc, .. 3 more25.\u25bc4 Luke , down three years: 13&rightarrow;17&rightarrow;21&rightarrow;25, var. Luc\u25bc, .. 10 more26.\u25b21 Tyler , var. Tylor\u25bc, .. 3 more27.\u25bc5 Callum , down two years: 13&rightarrow;22&rightarrow;2728.\u25bc4 Matthew , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;18&rightarrow;24&rightarrow;28, var. Mathew\u25bc, .. 33 more29.\u25b23 Jayden , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;68&rightarrow;32&rightarrow;29, var. Jaden\u25bc, Jaiden\u25bc, Jaydon\u25bc, Jadon\u25bc, Jaeden\u25bc, Jaedon\u25bc30.\u25b29 Oscar , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;47&rightarrow;39&rightarrow;30, var. Oskar\u25bc, .. 3 more31.\u25b24 Archie , up two years: 40&rightarrow;35&rightarrow;3132.\u25bc6 Adam , var. Adao, .. 23 more33.\u25b225 Riley , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;64&rightarrow;58&rightarrow;33, var. Rylee\u25bc, Ryley\u25bc34.\u25bc5 Harvey , down three years: 27&rightarrow;28&rightarrow;29&rightarrow;34, var. Harvy, .. 7 more35.\u25bc4 Harrison , var. Harriss, .. 2 more36.\u25b25 Lucas , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;48&rightarrow;41&rightarrow;36, var. Lukas\u25bc, .. 2 more37.\u25b21 Muhammad , up three years: 56&rightarrow;44&rightarrow;38&rightarrow;37, var. Mohamed\u25bc, Mohammed\u25bc, Mohammad\u25bc, Mohamad\u25bc, .. 14 more38.\u25bc4 Henry , var. Henri\u25bc, .. 35 more39.\u25b23 Isaac , up two years: 55&rightarrow;42&rightarrow;39, var. Issac\u25bc, Isaak\u25bc, Izaac\u25bc, Isac\u25bc, Izaak\u25bc, Izak\u25bc, .. 13 more40.\u25b23 Leo , var. Lee\u25bc, .. 8 more41.\u25bc5 Connor , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;35&rightarrow;36&rightarrow;41, var. Conner\u25bc, Conor\u25bc, Konnor\u25bc, .. 1 more42.\u25bc2 Edward , var. Edison, .. 26 more43.\u25b24 Finley , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;60&rightarrow;47&rightarrow;4344.\u25b210 Logan , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;63&rightarrow;54&rightarrow;44, var. Logen45.\u25b25 Noah , var. Noe\u25bc, .. 4 more46.\u25bc13 Cameron , down two years: 30&rightarrow;33&rightarrow;46, var. Kameron\u25bc, .. 8 more47.\u25b210 Alex , up two years: 58&rightarrow;57&rightarrow;47, var. Alick, .. 10 more48.\u25bc4 Owen , down two years: 34&rightarrow;44&rightarrow;48, var. Ewan\u25bc, .. 5 more49.\u25b27 Rhys , var. Reece\u25bc, Reese\u25bc50.\u25bc5 Nathan , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;37&rightarrow;45&rightarrow;50, var. Nathen\u25bc, .. 4 more51.\u25bc14 Jamie , down two years: 32&rightarrow;37&rightarrow;51, var. Jamey, .. 4 more52.\u25bc6 Michael , down two years: 42&rightarrow;46&rightarrow;52, var. Mikel\u25bc, Mikael\u25bc, Mikhail\u25bc, Mykel\u25bc, .. 47 more53.\u25b22 Mason , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;61&rightarrow;55&rightarrow;5354.\u25bc3 Toby , var. Tobee, .. 7 more55.\u25bc6 Aaron , down two years: 43&rightarrow;49&rightarrow;55, var. Aron\u25bc, .. 36 more56.\u25bc4 Charles , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;51&rightarrow;52&rightarrow;56, var. Caryl, .. 26 more57.\u25bc9 Ben , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;38&rightarrow;48&rightarrow;57, var. Bennie, .. 5 more58.\u25b215 Theo , up two years: 92&rightarrow;73&rightarrow;5859.\u25b21 Louis , var. Ludvik, .. 15 more60.\u25b23 Freddie , up more than three years: ..&rightarrow;65&rightarrow;63&rightarrow;60, var. Freddy\u25bc61.\u25bc2 Finlay , var. Finley\u25bc, .. 14 more62.\u25b213 Leon , var. Lionisio, .. 4 more63.\u25b26 Harley , var. Harlie, .. 8 more64.\u25b26 David , var. Davidde, .. 20 more65.\u25b26 Mohammad , var. Mohamed\u25bc, Muhammad\u25bc, Mohammed\u25bc, Mohamad\u25bc66.\u25bc1 Reece , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;56&rightarrow;65&rightarrow;66, var. Reese\u25bc, Rhys\u25bc, .. 2 more67.\u25b21 Kian , up two years: 70&rightarrow;68&rightarrow;67, var. Keon\u25bc68.\u25bc6 Kai , var. Kye\u25bc, .. 2 more69.\u25bc16 Kyle , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;45&rightarrow;53&rightarrow;69, var. Kylar, .. 7 more70.\u25bc4 Brandon , down more than three years: ..&rightarrow;54&rightarrow;66&rightarrow;70, var. Branden\u25bc, Brandyn\u25bc, Brandan\u25bc, .."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many bones do babies have? | Reference.com How many bones do babies have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many bones do babies have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A human baby is born with approximately 300 bones. As the child develops, some of these bones fuse together to form the 206 bones of the adult human skeleton. In fact, the newborn cranium has three infused plates at birth to allow the baby\u2019s head to pass through the birth canal. The bones of the skull fuse together as the child ages. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Babies typically have more cartilage than adults, and much of the newborn skeleton is still cartilage at birth. Over time, this cartilage turns into bone by the process of ossification. Specialized cells called \"osteoblasts\" are responsible for making new bones and rebuilding damaged bones. For their skeletons to develop properly, babies require a tremendous amount of calcium, such as that found in breast milk and formula. A nursing mother often needs calcium supplements to prevent bone loss while breastfeeding. [PAR] Another interesting fact is that the patella or kneecap in newborns is made entirely of cartilage and does not completely ossify until the child is 3 to 5 years old. This is why crawling toddlers do not seem to experience knee pain or trauma as they move around on the floor. The skeletal system is responsible for providing protection for the internal organs, supporting the body and facilitating movement. The skeletal system works very closely with the muscular system to perform these duties.[DOC] [TLE] How many bones does a newborn baby have? | eNotes How many bones does a newborn baby have? | eNotes [PAR] How many bones does a newborn baby have? [PAR] dano7744 | College Teacher | (Level 2) Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] August 5, 2010 at 5:07 PM [PAR] Not many, newborn infants have more cartilage than bone at birth. This is why newborns are so limber, cartilage is more pliable than bone. Bones form and develop over time by a process called endochondral ossification. The cartilage is slowly replaced by calcified bone matrix, it is remodeled by the action of osteoblasts and osteocasts. Calcium salts are slowly laid in the cartilaginous tissue and form hardened bone tissue, this is called calcification of the bone. [PAR] A good example of this process is the development of the infant cranium. Newborns have \"soft spots\" or fontanelles in the skull that slowly grow, calcify, and fuse together to form the hardened bones of the cranium. When the bones eventually fuse together or articulate they form the cranial sutures. [PAR] like 2 dislike 0 [PAR] hyoseonh | High School Teacher | (Level 1) Honors [PAR] Posted on [PAR] August 5, 2010 at 1:25 PM [PAR] Actually, babies have more cartilage than bone. A new born baby\u2019s skeleton is made up 300-350 parts. As the baby develops, some of his or her bones combine to form larger, stronger bones. Adults consequently contain only 206 bones. [PAR] The bones in the baby are not fused at first because the baby is able to pass through the birth canal more easily.This is why the babies have fontanelles, or soft spots, in their skulls. But as the baby grows, the bones need to fuse to become stronger in order to protect the brain and other organs. The scientific term for this procedure is \u201cintramembranous ossification\u201d in which the calcium salts replace the connective tissues to form actual bones. [PAR] The most important function of the bones is to hold all muscles and organs together, maintaining a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does noctambulist mean? - Definitions.net What does noctambulist mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word noctambulist [PAR] Princeton's WordNet(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] sleepwalker, somnambulist, noctambulist(noun) [PAR] someone who walks about in their sleep [PAR] Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] noctambulist(Noun) [PAR] One who sleepwalks at night; a somnambulist. [PAR] Origin: From noct- (night), ambul- (walk) and -ist (person who). [PAR] Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Noctambulist(noun) [PAR] The numerical value of noctambulist in Chaldean Numerology is: 7 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Last Picture Show (1971) - Filmsite.org The Last Picture Show (1971) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] The Last Picture Show (1971) is an evocative and bittersweet slice-of-life 'picture show' from young newcomer, 31 year-old director Peter Bogdanovich, formerly a stage actor and film writer/critic. The screenplay was based on the novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry. [Bogdanovich had previously directed only two other smaller feature films, the low-budget Targets (1967) with Boris Karloff cast as a horror-movie star, and the awful Voyage to the Planet of Prehistoric Women (1968) with Mamie Van Doren.] This great picture, Bogdanovich's first major film, was a gritty, authentic-looking, black and white film (considered obsolete at the time since it was the first mainstream Hollywood feature film shot in B/W since the early 60s), with expressive, high-contrast cinematography by Robert Surtees. It was widely acclaimed at the time of its release. [PAR] The film was noted as the director's tribute and homage to the classic films of legendary directors Howard Hawks ( Red River (1948) ), John Ford ( The Grapes of Wrath (1940) ), and Welles himself ( Citizen Kane (1941) ). [Old-time western film star Ben Johnson, who had starred in many classic films of the genre, including Ford's She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949), Shane (1953) , and The Wild Bunch (1969) , played the role of an old-time cowboy in the film. Orson Welles suggested to Bogdanovich that he should film in black and white. The film's theme is similar to Welles' The Magnificent Ambersons (1942) - about the passing of an earlier way of life due to the advent of the automobile at the turn of the century.] [PAR] The episodic, bleak and mournful film was shot on location over an eleven-week period in northwestern Texas in a dusty, wind-swept, one-horse, declining small-town that was on the verge of being forgotten in the early 1950s. Bogdanovich's work recaptures and recreates the period of the early 50s (between WWII and the Korean War). One of the film's posters declared it as \"the picture show that introduced America to the forgotten 50's.\" [PAR] The rich character study with a non-star cast dispassionately (but affectionately) depicts the contrasting, mediocre lives of two generations of aimless townspeople with frustrated, unhappy, unfulfilled, routine, despairing and shallow lives (middle-aged adults and naive adolescent teenagers) who cling to the dying and barren town, and try to find solace and escape from boredom in lost dreams, drinking, temporary and manipulative sexual encounters (adulterous and promiscuous relationships), the local movie theatre's shows (and television), or by moving to the big city. Everyone knows everything about everyone else in the insular, claustrophobic town. The coming-of-age characters in the younger generation, and the characters in the older generation who only have their memories, include: [PAR] Younger Generation [PAR] a likeable, high-school athlete and senior (Jeff Bridges) [PAR] another quiet, serious senior, his friend (Timothy Bottoms) [PAR] his slow-witted, mute pal (Sam Bottoms) [PAR] a teenaged temptress (Cybill Shepherd) [PAR] an old-timer and ex-cowboy (Ben Johnson) [PAR] a once-beautiful, lonely, alcoholic, philandering rich wife (Ellen Burstyn) [PAR] a neglected, middle-aged (homosexual) coach's wife (Cloris Leachman) [PAR] The time frame of the film, about a year-long period from November 1951 to the next late fall and told from the point-of-view of an 18 year old boy, chronicles how changes in the world, his own personal rites of passage, and the closing of the forlorn town's only 'picture show' (due to the coming of the isolating pablum"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elsa Schiaparelli - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD Elsa Schiaparelli - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD [PAR] Elsa Schiaparelli [PAR] A word from the EIC [PAR] Partnerships / Cooperations [PAR] Become a fashion editor on FMD [PAR] Content / Usage Questions [PAR] Why am I listed on FMD? [PAR] How can I submit content? [PAR] Credifair (credit for your work) [PAR] DMCA + Content MGMT [PAR] the pure fashion news agency [PAR] January 4th [PAR] Pirelli's 2017 calendar features Oscar prize winners [PAR] Sasha Pivovarova presents Pre-Spring collection from H & M [PAR] Weekly News Roundup: Dec 26 - Dec 30 [PAR] Alessandra Ambrosio is Harpers Bazaar Singapore January Cover Star [PAR] About [PAR] the designers [PAR] Elsa Schiaparelli was the leading Parisian fashion designer of the 1920s and 30s after Coco Chanel. [PAR] Elsa Schiaparelli was born in Rome on September 10, 1890, of Italian and Egyptian heritage. She was great-niece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, who discovered the canals of Mars. She had a colourful childhood, although she did many things to shock her parents. She caused a sensation when she attended a ball in Paris with material just wound around her body, when it started to unravel. [PAR] When only 18, she married William de Wendt de Kerlor, a theosophist. She remained with him as he drifted around Europe, eventually reaching America, but he abandoned her when her daughter was born. She then returned to Paris, a young woman with a child to support. [PAR] She tried to get a job with POIRET and Maggy ROUFF, unsuccessfully. However in 1928, she had some luck. She had drawn a design of a black sweater with a white trompe l'oeil bow at the neck. MAINBOCHER admired it and had it shown in the French VOGUE. [PAR] Anita Loos purchased on, and a buyer for a New York store ordered 40 with skirts to go along with them. Elsa was surprised at the success of her sweater and recruited a group of Armenian women to knit them. She bought some good cheap material for the skirts, and rounded up another group of women to make these. \"Schiap\" was in business. [PAR] She rented a studio at 4 rue de la Paix and put up her notice board \"pour le sport\". She started making clothes for Golf, tennis, skiing and swimming. Her designs started appearing in VOGUE. [PAR] By 1929, she was selling all sorts of reversible, practical and convenient clothes. [PAR] In 1930, she took over the downstairs studio and added \"day wear and evening wear\" to her notice board. The first of the Schiaparelli prints appeared. [PAR] She experimented with costume jewellery. The early 30's saw Schiaparelli consolidated techniques, bringing together expert craftsmen for couture. A skilled atelier meant a finished garment and excellent construction following her genius as a designer. She sniffed out unusual materials like glass-like cellophane giving an illusion of transparency. [PAR] Schiaparelli became famous for her black knit sweaters with a white bowtie pattern. She had a flair for the unusual and even hired Salvador Dal\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd to design fabric, producing a white dress with a lobster print. Schiaparelli was the first to use shoulder pads, hot pink, calling it shocking pink, in 1947, animal print fabrics, and zippers dyed the same colors as the fabrics. She is also well known for her surrealist designs of the 1930's, especially her hats, including one resembling a giant shoe and one a giant lamb chop, both which were famously worn by the Franco-American Singer sewing machine heiress Daisy Fellowes, who was one of Schiaparelli's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grace Cathedral , San Francisco - TripAdvisor Grace Cathedral, San Francisco - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] Grace Cathedral, San Francisco [PAR] Is this attraction a \"must-see\" location? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Does this attraction provide visitors with a taste of the local culture? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Does this attraction have good scenic or skyline views? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction good for couples? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction pet friendly? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Would this be a good sunny day activity? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Would this be a good hot day activity? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this an outdoor attraction or activity? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Is this attraction popular with tourists? [PAR] Yes [PAR] No [PAR] Unsure [PAR] Does this attraction require above average amounts of physical activity (long walks, climbs, stairs or hikes)? [PAR] Yes [PAR] Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. [PAR] Reset zoom [PAR] Address: 1100 California St, San Francisco, CA 94108-2244 [PAR] Phone Number: [PAR] Sun 8:00 am - 7:00 pm [PAR] Mon - Fri 7:00 am - 6:00 pm [PAR] Sat 8:00 am - 6:00 pm [PAR] Description: [PAR] Grace Cathedral is home to a community where the best of Episcopal... [PAR] Grace Cathedral is home to a community where the best of Episcopal tradition courageously embraces innovation and open-minded conversation, where inclusion is expected and people of all faiths are welcomed, where beliefs are put into action and where people are encouraged to seek God and progress on their own spiritual journeys. The cathedral itself, a renowned San Francisco landmark, serves as a magnet, where diverse people gather to worship, celebrate, seek solace, converse and learn.Famed as a destination for visitors from all over the world, the cathedral is known for its striking architecture, stained glass, singular collection of art, and Interfaith AIDS Memorial Chapel. [PAR] read more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andy Murray becomes first British man to win Wimbledon in ... Andy Murray becomes first British man to win Wimbledon in 77 years after beating Djokovic in straight sets | Daily Mail Online [PAR] He's done it! Murray the Magnificent becomes first British man to win Wimbledon in 77 years after beating Djokovic in straight sets [PAR] Andy Murray from Dunblane, Scotland, becomes the first British Wimbledon champion since Fred Perry in 1936 [PAR] He said the 15,000-strong crowd helped him through some tough battles on the court right up to his victory today [PAR] Conditions were tough on Centre Court for both players in SW London as temperatures soared to more than 30C [PAR] Girlfriend Kim Sears was at the forefront of the supporters in the players' box with Judy Murray, the Scot's mother [PAR] Prime Minister David Cameron, Hollywood actor Bradley Cooper, and footballer Wayne Rooney also in the crowd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flitch - definition of flitch by The Free Dictionary Flitch - definition of flitch by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Flitch - definition of flitch by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/flitch [PAR] 1. A salted and cured side of bacon. [PAR] 2. A longitudinal cut from the trunk of a tree. [PAR] 3. One of several planks secured together to form a single beam. [PAR] [Middle English flicche, from Old English flicce.] [PAR] flitch [PAR] 1. (Cookery) a side of pork salted and cured [PAR] 2. (Cookery) a steak cut from the side of certain fishes, esp halibut [PAR] 3. (Building) a piece of timber cut lengthways from a tree trunk, esp one that is larger than 4 by 12 inches [PAR] vb [PAR] (Building) (tr) to cut (a tree trunk) into flitches [PAR] [Old English flicce; related to Old Norse flikki, Middle Low German vlicke, Norwegian flika; see flesh] [PAR] flitch [PAR] 1. a side of bacon salted and cured. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a. a piece, as a board, bolted together with others to form a beam. [PAR] b. a thin piece of wood, as a veneer. [PAR] c. a bundle of veneers, arranged as cut from the log. [PAR] [before 900; Middle English flicche, Old English flicca; c. Middle Low German vlicke, Old Norse flikki] [PAR] flitch [PAR] I will have been flitching [PAR] you will have been flitching [PAR] he/she/it will have been flitching [PAR] we will have been flitching [PAR] you will have been flitching [PAR] they will have been flitching [PAR] Past Perfect Continuous [PAR] flitch - fish steak usually cut from a halibut [PAR] fish steak - cross-section slice of a large fish [PAR] 2. [PAR] side of pork - dressed half of a hog carcass [PAR] bacon - back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried [PAR] Translations [PAR] [fl\u026at\u0283] N flitch of bacon \u2192 hoja f de tocino [PAR] flitch [PAR] n \u2192 Speckseite f; (of halibut) \u2192 Heilbuttschnitte f [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] side of pork [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] I trust well that a fool I mean, d'ye see me, sirs, a fool that is free of his guild and master of his craft, and can give as much relish and flavour to a cup of wine as ever a flitch of bacon can I say, brethren, such a fool shall never want a wise clerk to pray for or fight for him at a strait, while I can say a mass or flourish a partisan. [PAR] View in context [PAR] But to be a town councilor and discuss how many dustmen are needed, and how chimneys shall be constructed in the town in which I don't live--to serve on a jury and try a peasant who's stolen a flitch of bacon, and listen for six hours at a stretch to all sorts of jabber from the counsel for the defense and the prosecution, and the president cross-examining my old half-witted Alioshka, 'Do you admit, prisoner in the dock, the fact of the removal of the [PAR] View in context [PAR] Then good-bye and good-bye, and charming occasion worthy of the Golden Age, and more about the flitch of bacon, and the like of that; and Twemlow goes staggering across Piccadilly with his hand to his forehead, and is nearly run down by a flushed lettercart,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is Your Body Burning Up with Hidden Inflammation? - Dr ... Is Your Body Burning Up with Hidden Inflammation? - Dr. Mark Hyman [PAR] Is Your Body Burning Up with Hidden Inflammation? [PAR] Views 311721 [PAR] Is Your Body Burning Up with Hidden Inflammation? [PAR] COULD SOMETHING AS SIMPLE as a quick and easy blood test save your life? [PAR] Absolutely. [PAR] It is called a C-reactive protein test, and it measures the degree of HIDDEN inflammation in your body. [PAR] Finding out whether or not you are suffering from hidden inflammation is critical, because almost every modern disease is caused or affected by it. [PAR] If your immune system and its ability to quell inflammation in your body are impaired, watch out. You are headed toward illness and premature aging. [PAR] Fortunately, addressing the causes of inflammation and learning how to live an anti-inflammatory lifestyle can dramatically improve your health. [PAR] Today, I am going to review what the primary causes of inflammation are and give you a simple, 7-step approach that will help you cool the fires raging out of control in your body. [PAR] Cooling off Inflammation is Key #3 to UltraWellness and in this blog \u2014 the third in this 7-part series on the 7 Keys to UltraWellness \u2014 I am going to teach you how to do just that. [PAR] The first step is to understand what inflammation is and why it can become so dangerous. [PAR] Inflammation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly [PAR] Everyone who has had a sore throat, rash, hives, or a sprained ankle knows about inflammation. These are normal and appropriate responses of the immune \u2014 your body\u2019s defense system \u2014 to infection and trauma. [PAR] This kind of inflammation is good. We need it to survive \u2014 to help us determine friend from foe. [PAR] The trouble occurs when that defense system runs out of control, like a rebel army bent on destroying its own country. [PAR] Many of us are familiar with an overactive immune response and too much inflammation. It results in common conditions like allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease, and asthma. This is bad inflammation, and if it is left unchecked it can become downright ugly. [PAR] What few people understand is that hidden inflammation run amok is at the root of all chronic illness we experience \u2014 conditions like heart disease, obesity, diabetes, dementia, depression, cancer, and even autism. [PAR] A study of a generally \u201chealthy\u201d elderly population found that those with the highest levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 (two markers of systemic inflammation) were 260 percent more likely to die during the next 4 years. The increase in deaths was due to cardiovascular and other causes. [PAR] We may feel healthy, but if this inflammation is raging inside of us, then we are in trouble. [PAR] The real concern is not our response to immediate injury, infection, or insult. It is the chronic, smoldering inflammation that slowly destroys our organs and our ability to function optimally and leads to rapid aging. [PAR] Common treatments such as anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen or aspirin) and steroids like prednisone \u2014 though often useful for acute problems \u2014 interfere with the body\u2019s own immune response and can lead to serious and deadly side effects. [PAR] Take, for example, a man who came to see me recently. He wanted to climb a mountain and asked for my help to get healthy. He was 57 years old and took about 15 medications for six different inflammatory conditions: high blood pressure, pre-diabetes, colitis, reflux, asthma, and an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Criminal transportees: further research - The National ... Criminal transportees: further research - The National Archives [PAR] Criminal ancestors: a guide to historical criminal records in England and Wales [PAR] 3. Lists of convicts transported to North America and the West Indies [PAR] An alphabetical list of men and women transported between 1614 and 1775, as well as where each person was tried, is printed in: [PAR] The Complete Book of Emigrants in Bondage 1614-1775 by Peter Wilson Coldham [PAR] He has also published a book called Bonded passengers to America , which gives a detailed overview of all the published sources of relevant records in The National Archives. [PAR] Finding out more about a person transported to North America or the West Indies is likely to be difficult. You might be able to trace a person among legal records \u2013 see section 5. [PAR] 4. Lists of convicts transported to Australia [PAR] There is no single name index for transportees to Australia. There are, however, various lists of names of convicts, some in published books, others within records at The National Archives. Few of these contain any other biographical information. To find out more about a convict you will need to consult the records and sources suggested in sections 5 and 6 of this guide and in our introductory guide on criminal transportees . [PAR] The names of the convicts transported with the First Fleet, which set sail in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788, are listed in: [PAR] The First Fleeters , edited by PG Fidlon and RJ Ryan [PAR] The names of convicts transported on the second fleet of ships, which left in 1789 and during which 278 died, are listed in: [PAR] The second fleet convicts , compiled and edited by RJ Ryan [PAR] You can access the microfiche index to the New South Wales convict indents and ships compiled by the Genealogical Society of Victoria at The National Archives, Kew. It records the names and aliases of the convicts who arrived in New South Wales and Van Dieman\u2019s Land between 1788 and 1842 and also indexes ships recorded on the same documents. [PAR] 5. Tracing a convict in legal records [PAR] You can find information about a transported convict amongst legal records, most commonly records of trials. [PAR] Though a small percentage of trial records are searchable by the tried person\u2019s name, to find most records of trials you will need to know when and where the trial was held. [PAR] 5.1 Finding the place and date of trial [PAR] Convicts were sentenced to transportation after trials at Courts of Assizes, Courts of Quarter Sessions or the Old Bailey. The Old Bailey was the assize court for London and Middlesex and parts of Essex, Kent and Surrey, and from 1834 became known as the Central Criminal Court. [PAR] To find which court a convict was tried in and when the trial was held: [PAR] search the criminal registers 1791-1892 by name, at Ancestry.co.uk (\u00a3); these are digitised versions of HO 26 and HO 27 records [PAR] search the transportation registers 1787-1871 by name, on the State Library of Queensland website, for the name of the ship on which the convict sailed as well as the date and place of conviction and the term of the sentence; these are digitised versions of HO 11 records [PAR] Search prison registers, which indicate where the prisoner was held before trial, and any movements from prison to prison \u2013 many include an index of prisoners. [PAR] Many prison registers tell you the date or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Personal Services -PT 6 - YouTube Personal Services -PT 6 - YouTube [PAR] Personal Services -PT 6 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 6, 2009 [PAR] Personal Services 1987 [PAR] Julie Walters stars as \"Christine Painter\", a thinly-disguised Cynthia Payne, the legendary \"House of Cyn\" madam. Monty Python\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Terry Jones directs an affectionate, revealing and uproarious account of Painter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s adventures and the characters she meets along the way. Christine\u00e2\u0080\u0099s speciality is sex parties for elderly gentlemen and their proclivities. Unfortunately British law soon starts interfering with their discreet fun and games. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] NLV Films - early-sarah-brightman.com NLV Films [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] [PAR] Personal Services is a 1987 British comedy film directed by Terry Jones and written by David Leland. It is the story of the rise of a madam of a suburban brothel which caters to older men. The story is inspired by the real experiences of Cynthia Payne, the legendary \"House of Cyn\" madam. The film was banned in the Republic of Ireland upon theatrical release. At the time, there were four films that were banned in Ireland, and Terry Jones had directed three of them (Personal Services, Monty Python's Life of Brian, and Monty Python's The Meaning of Life). The film stars Shirley Stelfox and Julie Walters as \"Christine Painter\", a thinly disguised Cynthia Payne. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Based on a true story, an English girl marries a German lawyer in the 1930s and they try to live a normal life as they can in Hitler's Germany; when Allied bombs start falling on German cities, Christabel takers her two young sons to a village in the mountains. Then she learns that her husband and some of his friends have been arrested for plotting to assassinate Hitler. She travels to the prison where he is held; wondering if telling the commandant that she knows Winston Churchill will help her husband or seal his fate. Christabel Bielenberg's historical memoir, 'The Past Is Myself', looking back on the years 1932-1945, was the source for this depiction of life in Germany during Hitler's rise. Daughter of middle-class English-Irish parents, Christabel became a German citizen in 1934 when she married German law student Peter Bielenberg of a prominent Hamburg family. The couple raised their two sons amid Germany's shifting political climate. I 1939, as the situation became acute; Peter joined a military organization planning to remove Hitler from power. [PAR] [PAR] Cast (Cast overview, first billed only) [PAR] Elizabeth Hurley ... Christabel Bielenberg [PAR] [PAR] THE TAMING OF THE SHREW [PAR] A love story full of comical and unexpected twists which follows the courtship of Kate and Petruchio. Set in the days when a dowry was an essential part of any marriage settlement, the fiery Kate has no patience or such matters, and she refuses to enter conventional arrangements. When she falls in love with Petruchio, her pride leads them both a merry dance with his refusal to give in to her wiles, but love wins the day even for this clashing couple! An all-female team of animators used convincing puppet animation to convey the ups and downs of this stormy relationship. [PAR] [PAR] Kate \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Amanda Root [PAR] Petruchio \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Nigel Le Vaillant [PAR] Sly / Nathanial - Malcom Storry [PAR] Bianca \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Manon Edwards [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Korean War begins - Jun 25, 1950 - HISTORY.com Korean War begins - Jun 25, 1950 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Korean War begins [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Armed forces from communist North Korea smash into South Korea, setting off the Korean War. The United States, acting under the auspices of the United Nations, quickly sprang to the defense of South Korea and fought a bloody and frustrating war for the next three years. [PAR] Korea, a former Japanese possession, had been divided into zones of occupation following World War II. U.S. forces accepted the surrender of Japanese forces in southern Korea, while Soviet forces did the same in northern Korea. Like in Germany, however, the \u201ctemporary\u201d division soon became permanent. The Soviets assisted in the establishment of a communist regime in North Korea, while the United States became the main source of financial and military support for South Korea. [PAR] On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces surprised the South Korean army (and the small U.S. force stationed in the country), and quickly headed toward the capital city of Seoul. The United States responded by pushing a resolution through the U.N.\u2019s Security Council calling for military assistance to South Korea. (Russia was not present to veto the action as it was boycotting the Security Council at the time.) With this resolution in hand, President Harry S. Truman rapidly dispatched U.S. land, air, and sea forces to Korea to engage in what he termed a \u201cpolice action.\u201d The American intervention turned the tide, and U.S. and South Korean forces marched into North Korea. This action, however, prompted the massive intervention of communist Chinese forces in late 1950. The war in Korea subsequently bogged down into a bloody stalemate. In 1953, the United States and North Korea signed a cease-fire that ended the conflict. The cease-fire agreement also resulted in the continued division of North and South Korea at just about the same geographical point as before the conflict. [PAR] The Korean War was the first \u201chot\u201d war of the Cold War. Over 55,000 American troops were killed in the conflict. Korea was the first \u201climited war,\u201d one in which the U.S. aim was not the complete and total defeat of the enemy, but rather the \u201climited\u201d goal of protecting South Korea. For the U.S. government, such an approach was the only rational option in order to avoid a third world war and to keep from stretching finite American resources too thinly around the globe. It proved to be a frustrating experience for the American people, who were used to the kind of total victory that had been achieved in World War II. The public found the concept of limited war difficult to understand or support and the Korean War never really gained popular support. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Look Back in Anger Characters | GradeSaver Look Back in Anger Characters | GradeSaver [PAR] Buy Study Guide [PAR] Jimmy Porter [PAR] Jimmy Porter is the play's main character. He is the \"Angry Young Man\" who expresses his frustration for the lack of feelings in his placid domestic life. Jimmy can be understood as both a hero for his unfiltered expressions of emotion and frustration in a culture that propagated unemotional resignation. He can also be considered a villain for the ways in which his anger proves to be destructive to those in his life. [PAR] Cliff Lewis [PAR] Cliff is a friend to both Jimmy and Alison. Cliff lives with them in their attic apartment. He is a working class Welsh man and Jimmy makes sure to often point out that he is \"common\" and uneducated. Cliff believes this is the reason that Jimmy keeps him as a friend. He is quite fond of Alison and they have a strange physically affectionate relationship throughout the play. [PAR] Alison Porter [PAR] Alison Porter is Jimmy's wife. She comes from Britain's upper class, but married into Jimmy's working class lifestyle. The audience learns in the first act that she is pregnant with Jimmy's child. Jimmy's destructive anger causes her great strain and she eventually leaves him. Her child miscarries and she comes back to Jimmy to show him that she has undergone great suffering. [PAR] Helena Charles [PAR] Helena Charles is Alison's best friend. She lives with them in their apartment while visiting for work. Helena is from an upper class family. She is responsible for getting Alison to leave Jimmy. She and Jimmy then begin an affair. Her sense of morality leads her to leave. She can be considered the play's moral compass. [PAR] Colonel Redfern [PAR] Colonel Redfern is Alison's father. He represents Britain's great Edwardian past. He was a military leader in India for many years before returning with his family to England. He is critical of Jimmy and Alison's relationship, but accepts that he is to blame for many of their problems because of his meddling in their affairs.[DOC] [TLE] Look Back in Anger Characters - eNotes.com Look Back in Anger Characters - eNotes.com [PAR] Look Back in Anger Characters [PAR] link Link [PAR] Jimmy Porter [PAR] Jimmy Porter, a twenty-five-year-old man who lives in Britain\u2019s industrial midlands. An educated, well-read individual, Jimmy works in a factory, tends a sweet-stall he is trying to buy, and issues diatribes about British society, which he feels has denied him opportunity simply because of his working-class background. Jimmy prides himself on his honesty, but he can be cruel, as is seen in his verbal attacks on his wife, Alison, and on his friend Cliff Lewis, who lives with them. Jimmy excuses himself for mistreating Alison by insisting that she is too possessive and that she cannot understand him because she has never suffered, as he suffered when, at the age of ten, he had to watch his father die. Because he insists on complete loyalty, he feels betrayed when his wife does not accompany him to the deathbed of a friend\u2019s mother, yet he does not see anything wrong with his having an affair with Helena, his wife\u2019s friend. The egocentric Jimmy seems incapable of empathizing with his wife, even when she grieves over losing their baby. He takes her back only after she has completely abased herself to him. [PAR] Alison Porter [PAR] Alison Porter, Jimmy\u2019s wife. A woman of upper-middle-class background, she is perceptive enough to understand that her husband resents everything in her that reminds"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sky at Night - Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore - BBC ... BBC Four - The Sky at Night - Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore [PAR] The Sky at Night [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore [PAR] Sir Patrick Moore, who died on December 9th 2012, was a man of extraordinary gifts who led a remarkable life. [PAR] A tribute by the Sky at Night team [PAR] He was born in 1923, in the same year as the BBC was founded, and for more than half a century Patrick\u2019s career represented the BBC at its very best. [PAR] for more than half a century Patrick\u2019s career represented the BBC at its very best [PAR] The Sky at Night team [PAR] \ufeffThe BBC\u2019s ethos was to educate, to inform and to entertain \u2013 and all three came naturally to Patrick \u2013 often at the same time and in the same sentence. He was much loved by viewers as a musician and entertainer, had a mischievous sense of humour and could more than hold his own as a comedian with the likes of Morecambe & Wise and the Two Ronnies, but Patrick was also an enthusiastic communicator of science to the widest possible audience. [PAR] He was a distinguished astronomer but completely self-taught and always prided himself on being \u201cjust an amateur\u201d while enjoying the recognition and respect of fellow scientists from all over the world. As a young man Patrick had played a key part in mapping the Moon and thereby he made possible the space missions and lunar explorations of both the USA and USSR. As a broadcaster he reported NASA\u2019s Apollo missions and their manned landings on the Moon and he communicated these to his television audience with the boyish enthusiasm which stayed with him all his life. [PAR] From the first broadcast in 1957 Sir Patrick went on to present The Sky at Night for over 55 years \u2013 making this the longest-running TV series anywhere in the world with the same presenter. As such, he introduced generations of people to the marvels of the night sky and by doing so changed countless lives by encouraging people to look up at the night skies and wonder. [PAR] \ufeffHis own life - told here in his own words and with characteristic humility \u2013 is where it all began. [PAR] In his own words, 2011 [PAR] I was born in Pinner, but when I was six months old my parents moved to Bognor (it wasn't Bognor Regis then) and I am essentially a Sussex boy. My father was in the Army - he won the MC in the First World War - but I didn't take after him. My mother was a trained singer and a talented artist too. From her I inherited the music, but not the art! [PAR] My interest in astronomy went back to the age of 7 [PAR] Sir Patrick Moore [PAR] My education was disjointed. The plan was Prep. School, Eton, Cambridge - I never made any of them. During my boyhood I was handicapped by heart trouble; I managed my Cambridge entrance exams externally, but then came the war, and I joined the RAF as a navigator with Bomber Command (I admit that I wasn't 100% honest about my age or fitness, but when I was found out it no longer mattered, and Flight-Lieutenant Caldwell-Moore was not even told that he had been a naughty boy). At the end of the war I returned home, then to East Grinstead. Cambridge was still open to me, but it meant taking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Bowl of Fruit, Violin and Bottle', Pablo Picasso | Tate 'Bowl of Fruit, Violin and Bottle', Pablo Picasso, 1914 | Tate [PAR] L01895 [PAR] Display caption [PAR] This table-top scene, with its fruit-bowl, violin, bottle and (painted) newspaper, is constructed from areas of colour that resemble cut-out pieces of paper. The background has been left white. Picasso and Braque had been making collages that experimented with representation and reality since 1912. They soon began to simulate the appearance of collage materials in their oil paintings, sometimes adding sand to the paint to give a heightened reality to the picture surface. [PAR] Gallery label, November 2012[DOC] [TLE] Pablo Picasso | Fruit Dish, Bottle and Violin | NG6449 ... Pablo Picasso | Fruit Dish, Bottle and Violin | NG6449 | National Gallery, London [PAR] \u00a3 other [PAR] Make this a monthly donation [PAR] [{\"Amount\":2.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-10-25T09:01:14\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Richard Roberts\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":2.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":0.5000,\"ImageUrl\":\"http://images.justgiving.com/image/24d4733d-a317-4e81-8d0c-014c91259172.jpg?template=profilesummary\",\"Message\":\"I hope this small contribution will allow you to continue your excellent work\"},{\"Amount\":5.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-11-17T08:56:35\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Katja Leyendecker\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":5.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":1.2500,\"ImageUrl\":\"http://images.justgiving.com/image/87facb53-ce60-4e05-9c8d-fa830c9c523c.jpg?template=profilesummary\",\"Message\":\"I had a most wonderful 3 hours in the gallery's 1600s section! Must return!\"},{\"Amount\":20.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-11-16T20:57:11\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Irina \",\"DonorLocalAmount\":20.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":0.0000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"One of my favourite museums. Hope to visit again.\"},{\"Amount\":2.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-10-20T16:29:27\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Joshua Beaumont Houghton Boston\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":2.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":0.0000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"Thank you for being you!\"},{\"Amount\":20.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-11-10T19:31:19\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Kate English\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":20.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":5.0000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"What an amazing institution! This is to say thank you for your daily guided tours and the free activities you run for children.\"},{\"Amount\":10.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-08-02T04:18:28\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Suzanne Burke\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":10.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":0.0000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"Excellent online information for my students!\"},{\"Amount\":10.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-06-21T09:56:01\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Jane DALY\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":10.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":2.5000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"A national treasure that needs supporting\"},{\"Amount\":5.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-11-22T10:18:24\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":5.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":0.0000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"These beautiful artworks belong to us all. Thank you for being custodians of the national collection\"},{\"Amount\":5.0000,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-08-19T23:36:01\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Fangbin Liu\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":5.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":0.0000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"I like to donate because I love this great museum and the great masterpieces kept in it.\"},{\"Amount\":8.3800,\"CurrencyCode\":\"GBP\",\"DonationDate\":\"2016-09-06T21:24:18\",\"DonorDisplayName\":\"Andreas\",\"DonorLocalAmount\":10.0000,\"DonorLocalCurrencyCode\":\"EUR\",\"EstimatedTaxReclaim\":0.0000,\"ImageUrl\":\"https://www.justgiving.com/content/images/graphics/icons/avatars/facebook-avatar.gif\",\"Message\":\"It is great to visit for free such a prestigious museum. It's a small sum of money but donated willingly, for culture and for young people\"}] [PAR] Fruit Dish, Bottle and Violin [PAR] Why is this not on display? [PAR] This painting is an example of the Cubist technique that was developed by Picasso and Braque in Paris before the First World War. Cubism moved away from the traditional realistic depiction of an object from a single viewpoint. Rather than attempt to create a three-dimensional likeness, objects were fragmented and seen from different angles, blurring the distinction between two- and three-dimensional representation. The two artists were influenced to some extent by C\u00e9zanne's method of breaking down all forms into basic geometric shapes. [PAR] Here, the fragmented forms of a table, a bowl of fruit, a bottle, a newspaper and a violin can be identified. The artist has used areas of strong flat colour, painted dots, bare canvas and grains of sand to suggest the presence of these objects. [PAR] This combination is characteristic of Picasso's Synthetic Cubism, in which he put together, or 'synthesised', areas of colour and texture to evoke recognisable objects. The shapes and colours are skilfully balanced to maintain the appearance of flatness and they echo one another throughout to create a satisfying and harmonious whole. [PAR] Image above: \u00a9 Succession of Picasso / DACS [PAR] Share this painting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lesotho Map / Geography of Lesotho / Map of Lesotho ... Lesotho Map / Geography of Lesotho / Map of Lesotho - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Print this map [PAR] Lesotho, officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a mountainous, landlocked country completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa , that was first settled by Bantu speaking people who called themselves the Basotho. [PAR] During the 19th century, the Basothos fought a series of wars, under the ruling of Moshoeshoe, against Boer settlers from the Netherlands , resulting in an extensive loss of land. [PAR] By 1868, the land (known as Basutoland) was placed under British protection, and the Boers were ordered to leave. In 1869 a treaty between the Boers and British was signed defining boundaries between the two. [PAR] Unrest soon followed for the Basotho peoples, and they began fighting amongst themselves over the new land divisions. [PAR] The Boers inability to control their territory resulted in the British regaining authority in 1884, and when the Union of South Africa was founded in 1910 Britain moved to transfer Basutoland into the new Union - much to the opposition of the people. [PAR] The annexation was suspended, and in 1959 the new constitution allowed Basutoland its first elected legislature. On October 4, 1966, Basutoland attained full independence, and was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho. [PAR] The Basotho National Party ruled until 1970, then a \"de facto\" government ruled until 1986 when a military coup forced the leader, Dr. Leabua Jonathan, out of office. [PAR] Executive powers were then granted to the ceremonial monarch, King Moshoeshoe II. However, in 1987, the King was exiled after he prepared a document indicating how he wanted additional executive powers. His son, Letsie III, became King. [PAR] In 1993, democratic government returned and Moshoeshoe II returned from exile as a regular citizen. [PAR] In 1994, King Letsie III entered into negotiations to reinstate his father as the head of state. Letsie III abdicated the throne in favor of his father in 1995, but in January 1996, assumed the throne again after Moshoeshoe II died in an automobile accident. [PAR] In 1998 the electoral structure of the country was reviewed, and the result was a brand new electoral system, one that ensured that the opposition would be represented in the National Assembly. [PAR] Successful elections were held under this new system in May 2002. [PAR] Lesotho now has a parliamentary form of government, with the Prime Minister as head and with executive authority. The king no longer possesses any executive authority, and is prohibited from participating in political initiatives and serves primarily in a ceremonial capacity. [PAR] Lesotho's main economy is based on the exportation of diamonds along with water sold to South Africa . Regardless, nearly 40% of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day. [PAR] See Also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Milk (2008) - IMDb Milk (2008) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] The story of Harvey Milk , and his struggles as an American gay activist who fought for gay rights and became California's first openly gay elected official. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 10 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 images [PAR] created 16 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 14 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 28 images [PAR] created 18 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Milk \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 57 wins & 137 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The story of a forbidden and secretive relationship between two cowboys, and their lives over the years. [PAR] Director: Ang Lee [PAR] Post-WWII Germany: Nearly a decade after his affair with an older woman came to a mysterious end, law student Michael Berg re-encounters his former lover as she defends herself in a war-crime trial. [PAR] Director: Stephen Daldry [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.4/10 X [PAR] In 1959, Truman Capote learns of the murder of a Kansas family and decides to write a book about the case. While researching for his novel In Cold Blood, Capote forms a relationship with one of the killers, Perry Smith, who is on death row. [PAR] Director: Bennett Miller [PAR] A look at tightrope walker Philippe Petit's daring, but illegal, high-wire routine performed between New York City's World Trade Center's twin towers in 1974, what some consider, \"the artistic crime of the century.\" [PAR] Director: James Marsh [PAR] Alex Gibney exposes the haunting details of the USA's torture and interrogation practices during the War in Afghanistan. [PAR] Director: Alex Gibney [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X [PAR] The story of the life and career of the legendary rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles , from his humble beginnings in the South, where he went blind at age seven, to his meteoric rise to stardom during the 1950s and 1960s. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] In New York City's Harlem circa 1987, an overweight, abused, illiterate teen who is pregnant with her second child is invited to enroll in an alternative school in hopes that her life can head in a new direction. [PAR] Director: Lee Daniels [PAR] Biopic of the iconic French singer \u00c9dith Piaf . Raised by her grandmother in a brothel, she was discovered while singing on a street corner at the age of 19. Despite her success, Piaf's life was filled with tragedy. [PAR] Director: Olivier Dahan [PAR] Two documentary filmmakers chronicle their time in Sonagchi, Calcutta and the relationships they developed with children of prostitutes who work the city's notorious red light district. [PAR] Directors: Zana Briski, Ross Kauffman [PAR] Stars: Kochi, Avijit Halder, Shanti Das [PAR] Based on the events of the brutal Ugandan dictator Idi Amin's regime as seen by his personal physician during the 1970's."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Democracy Monument (Bangkok, Thailand): Top Tips Before ... Democracy Monument (Bangkok, Thailand): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Neighborhood Profile [PAR] Banglamphu [PAR] While you\u2019ll see skyscrapers in most parts of Bangkok, it\u2019s the gilded roofs of ancient pagodas that adorn the skyline of Banglamphu, the city\u2019s historical and most touristic district. Hordes of tourists flock to this area to tick quite a few must-see attractions off their to-do list, with the Grand Palace being the most spectacular of them all. Banglamphu is also home to Bangkok\u2019s infamous tourist ghetto, centered around Khao San Road. Visit at night to feast on road-side pad thai, cheap beers and if you\u2019re up for it, some dancing fueled by buckets of Thai whiskey."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kris Kin: Fallon\u2019s 2003 Epsom Derby win | Turf Talk Kris Kin: Fallon\u2019s 2003 Epsom Derby win | Turf Talk [PAR] Kris Kin: Fallon\u2019s 2003 Epsom Derby win [PAR] Kris Kin: Fallon\u2019s 2003 Epsom Derby win [PAR] July 5, 2016 [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] AMONG all of Kieren Fallon\u2019s great rides, his explosive performance on Sir Michael Stoute\u2019s Kris Kin in the 2003 Epsom Derby is being hailed as perhaps his most memorable. [PAR] Fallon (50) retired from race riding yesterday, battling with depression. He rode over 2,200 winners, won the UK Jockeys Title six times and has most of Europe\u2019s major races to his name. [PAR] Take a look at Fallon driving Kris Kin home in a goosebump finish featuring Pat Eddery on The Great Gatsby, Johnny Murtagh on Alamshar, Richard Quinn on Norse Dancer, Jamie Spencer on Ballestrini. [PAR] TAGS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Night of the Iguana (1964) - Rotten Tomatoes Audience Reviews for The Night of the Iguana [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] The Night of the Iguana is adapted from a play by Tennessee Williams and directed by John Huston. That said, it's almost unnecessary to explain the combination of intense, believable and uninhibited drama and towering performances from all actors. We are told the story of Reverend Shannon, a clergyman gone astray, torn to the bone between his passions and his devotion, who has gone to conduct religious-themed tours across Pacific Mexico after a \"spooky\" episode during a sermon in his former church. During the tour, an overexcited young girl does her best to take him over the edge and he enters a feverish, almost insane state of mind; from this point on he is left to battle the ill influences of the rest of the tourists, takes refuge at a friend's bungalow complex in Puerto Vallarta, and comes across a world-wandering sketch artist and her poet grandfather. [PAR] The character of Shannon is played brilliantly by Richard Burton: an epic performance, one that flows effortlessly and empathetically from the wildest to the most peaceful states of mind. His portrayal of a man fighting his demons, slowly losing track of the limits between the \"realistic\" and the \"fantastic\" is perfect. Ava Gardner plays his hotel-owner friend, a smaller but fascinating role, also a collision of passion and frailty. In all truth, everyone, from Sue Lyon and her annoying squeals and Deborah Kerr's quietly dignified bohemian deliver solid work. [PAR] However, in spite of all this, the most remarkable aspect of The Night of the Iguana, aside from the lush cinematography and scenery, is the way in which so much emotional turmoil happens in such short episodes. Passion and despair overflow in every scene, in every word -the dialogue is brilliant, absolutely quotable-, all while the film itself, the shots even, are very closed and restrained. It feels as if the entire film is about to implode. I still have to look more into Huston's work but The Night of the Iguana is a remarkable film and completely recommended. [PAR] Elvira B[DOC] [TLE] The Night of the Iguana (1964) - IMDb The Night of the Iguana (1964) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Night of the Iguana ( 1964 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] A defrocked Episcopal clergyman leads a bus-load of middle-aged Baptist women on a tour of the Mexican coast and comes to terms with the failure haunting his life. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 15 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 15 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 31 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Title: The Night of the Iguana (1964) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 1 win & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Bizarre tale of sex, betrayal, and perversion at a military post. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary of Teck (1867 - 1953) - Find A Grave Memorial Mary of Teck (1867 - 1953) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] City of Westminster [PAR] Greater London, England [PAR] British monarch, Queen consort of King George V. The daughter of the impoverished Francis, Duke of Teck and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, her full name and title at birth was Her Serene Highness Princess Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck, popularly known as Princess May. She was engaged to Prince Albert Victor, elder son of the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) in 1891. She accepted his proposal only because it was expected of her. After the prince's sudden death, she became engaged to his brother, Prince George, Duke of Clarence, with whom she had much more in common. They were married on July 6, 1893 at St. James Palace. Theirs was an exceptionally successful marriage, producing one daughter and five sons. Upon Edward VII's accession in 1901, the couple became Prince and Princess of Wales. Edward died in 1910, and they were crowned King and Queen on June 22, 1911. Widowed in 1936, Queen Mary lived to see her eldest son, Edward VIII abdicate the throne, her son George VI reign successfully, and her eldest granddaughter, Elizabeth, come to the throne in 1952. Regarded as the matriarch of the royal family, her funeral and lying-in-state created unprecedented scenes of public mourning. (bio by: Kristen Conrad)[DOC] [TLE] The Mad Monarchist: Consort Profile: Queen Mary of Teck The Mad Monarchist: Consort Profile: Queen Mary of Teck [PAR] Thursday, January 12, 2012 [PAR] Consort Profile: Queen Mary of Teck [PAR] Princess Mary of Teck was born on May 26, 1867 in London at Kensington Palace to Duke Francis of Teck and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge. Even though her title derived from a small corner of the German Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, Mary of Teck was British born and raised. She was the oldest of four children and the only girl so she grew up tough, disciplined and used to acting as a peacemaker when her little brothers fought. She also helped her mother with her charitable projects. Soon, she began to catch the attention of Queen Victoria and it was hoped that the attractive, straight-laced princess would make a suitable wife for Prince Eddy, eldest son of the Prince of Wales and second-in-line for the throne. The Queen had hoped that marriage would tame her son (a hope that was not entirely fulfilled) and now hoped that Princess Mary of Teck would do the same for Prince Eddy -who had everyone a little worried. His private life was and is the stuff of some pretty outrageous gossip, although when it comes to producing any hard evidence to back up the scandalous rumors things become a bit murky. In any event, whether or not the Princess of Teck would have made a suitable bride for the heir to the heir to the throne did not finally matter as Prince Eddy died of influenza in 1892. [PAR] As the Royal Family was in mourning, Princess Mary comforted the survivors and in so doing caught the eye of the new next-in-line Prince George. Queen Victoria, who had a very high opinion of Mary, still thought she would make an excellent consort and approved the match. So, the next year, in 1893 the two were engaged. This time it was not the result of an arrangement but a genuine connection and the two were to have a very successful and lifelong marriage. On July 6, 1893 the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Philippines - Encyclopedia of the Nations The Philippines [PAR] The Philippines [PAR] Official name: Republic of the Philippines [PAR] Area: 300,000 square kilometers (115,800 square miles) [PAR] Highest point on mainland: Mount Apo (2,954 meters/9,692 feet) [PAR] Lowest point on land: Sea level [PAR] Hemispheres: Northern and Eastern [PAR] P.M. [PAR] = noon GMT [PAR] Longest distances: 1,851 kilometers (1,150 miles) from south-southeast to north-northwest, 1,062 kilometers (660 miles) from east-northeast to west-southwest [PAR] Land boundaries: None [PAR] Coastline: 36,289 kilometers (22,499 miles) [PAR] Territorial sea limits: Determined by treaty and irregular in shape, extending up to 185 kilometers (100 nautical miles) from shore in some locations [PAR] 1 LOCATION AND SIZE [PAR] The Philippines is an archipelago in southeastern Asia, located between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of about 300,000 square kilometers (115,800 square miles), the country is slightly larger than the state of Arizona. The Philippines is divided into seventy-three provinces. [PAR] 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES [PAR] The Philippines has no outside territories or dependencies. [PAR] 3 CLIMATE [PAR] The Philippines has a tropical maritime climate with two seasons. From November through April, the northeast monsoon brings rain, and from May through October, the southwest monsoon brings cool, dry weather. The average temperature is 27\u00b0C (80\u00b0F) with a range between 23\u00b0C and 32\u00b0C (73\u00b0F and 90\u00b0F). Humidity averages 77 percent. [PAR] The annual average rainfall varies from 96 to 406 centimeters (38 to 106 inches). The northern islands are often heavily affected by seasonal typhoons, which cause destructive winds and flooding rains. [PAR] 4 TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS [PAR] The very complex and volcanic origin of most of the Philippine islands is visible in their varied and rugged terrain. A number of the volcanoes are still active. Mountain ranges divide most of the island surfaces into narrow coastal strips and low-lying interior plains or valleys. The islands are subject to flooding and destructive earthquakes. [PAR] 5 OCEANS AND SEAS [PAR] Seacoast and Undersea Features [PAR] All of the waters surrounding the Philippines are branches of the Pacific Ocean. The eastern coast of the Philippines faces the Philippine Sea, where the Philippine Trough (Emden Deep) plunges to 10,430 meters (34,219 feet). The northwest coast faces the South China Sea. The southwest surrounds the Sulu Sea on three sides. The Celebes (Sulawesi) Sea is in the south, between the island of Mindanao and the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. The Bohol Sea is to the north of Mindanao. The Visayan Sea is encircled by Panay, Masbate, Cebu, Negros, and other islands. The Sibuyan Sea meets southern Luzon and eastern Mindoro. The Camotes Sea lies between Cebu, Leyte, and Bohol. The Samar Sea is between Samar and Masbate. [PAR] Sea Inlets and Straits [PAR] There are countless straits between the Philippine islands. Principal among them are the San Bernadino Strait and Verde Island Passage, both of which permit ocean travel across the northern part of the archipelago. The Surigao Strait allows travel between the Pacific and the Bohol Sea in the south. The Mindoro Strait lies between Mindoro and the Calamian Group of islands. A number of channels north of the country make up the Luzon Strait, separating that island from Taiwan. [PAR] Islands and Archipelagos [PAR] The Philippine Archipelago contains about 7,100 islands and extends over 1,609 kilometers (1,000 miles) from north to south. Only 154 of the islands exceed 13 square kilometers (5 square miles) in area. The two largest islands, Luzon in the north and Mindanao in the south, comprise about 65 percent of the total land area of the archipelago. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many times is hell mentioned in the Bible? How many times is hell mentioned in the Bible? [PAR] The HyperTexts [PAR] How many times is \"hell\" mentioned in the Bible? [PAR] How often does the word \"hell\" appear in the Bible? As the table below demonstrates, according to the consensus opinion of modern Bible scholars, the word \"hell\" as a place of eternal suffering was never mentioned, not even a single time, in the Hebrew Bible! In fact, the Hebrew language lacks any word that means \"hell.\" That's a very curious omission, if an all-wise God gave the Bible to the ancient Hebrew prophets! And while some Bible translations still contain a small handful of cryptic references to \"hell\" in the New Testament, those references raise a perplexing question: Why does \"hell\" suddenly pop up in a few stray verses here and there in the later-written books of the Bible, when in earlier biblical chronologies covering thousands of years there had never been any mention of \"hell\" or any possibility of suffering after death? [PAR] Other questions addressed here include: Where is hell located, according to the Bible? Is hell on earth, underground, or somewhere else? Is hell eternal? Will human beings go to hell forever? Will Satan and other fallen angels go to hell forever? When was hell added to the Bible? Why was hell added to the Bible, if God and the Hebrew prophets never mentioned it at all? Is there any proof of hell in the Bible? [PAR] If these questions interest you, they are answered below the table. [PAR] According to the consensus opinion of modern Bible scholars, the word \"hell\" did not appear a single time, not even once, in the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament (OT). And the word \"hell\" is very hard to find in the New Testament (NT) as well. You can easily confirm this fact yourself, by using an online Bible search tool to scan various Bible translations for the word \"hell.\" Or you can save time and effort by referring to the table below, which was produced by Gary Amirault, a Bible scholar who has extensively researched and written about the question of \"hell\" as a biblical teaching. I have added two translations to his original list: the Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB), sponsored by the famously literal and conservative Southern Baptist Convention, and the New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE), produced by more than a hundred Bible scholars working for the Roman Catholic Church. [PAR] The word \"hell\" does not appear in the Bible because: [PAR] (1) The Hebrew word Sheol clearly means \"the grave,\" not \"hell.\" Everyone went to Sheol when they died, not just the wicked. Sheol was not a place of suffering, because in Job 14:13, a much-beset Job asked to go to Sheol to escape suffering! He clearly meant that if he died, his suffering would end in the grave. Sheol was not a place where God was absent, because King David said in Psalm 139:8 that when he made his bed in Sheol (i.e., when he died and was laid in his grave), God would still be with him. And Sheol was not an eternal inescapable prison, because in Psalm 49:15 the Sons of Korah said that God would redeem them from Sheol, by which they meant that they would be resurrected from the grave to new life. Furthermore, the prophet Ezekiel and the apostle Paul agreed that all Israel would be saved, and yet in Genesis 37:35, Israel himself said that he would be reunited with his son Joseph in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Today in History: April 9, 1959 \u2013 First U.S. Astronauts ... Today in History: April 9, 1959 \u2013 First U.S. Astronauts, called The Mercury Seven, are introduced. [PAR] Today in History: April 9, 1959 \u2013 First U.S. Astronauts, called The Mercury Seven, are introduced. [PAR] Posted on April 9, 2012 by Art [PAR] [PAR] On April 9, 1959, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) introduces America\u2019s first astronauts to the press. The seven men, all military test pilots, were carefully selected from a group of 32 candidates to take part in Project Mercury, America\u2019s first manned space program. Known as the Mercury Seven, they are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. This was the only astronaut group with members that flew on all classes of NASA manned orbital spacecraft of the 20th century; Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle. These seven original American astronauts were Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, and Deke Slayton. [PAR] The Mercury Seven - Gordo Cooper, Scott Carpenter, John Glenn, Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra and Deke Slayton [PAR] [PAR] The Mercury Seven (March 1960) front row, left to right, Walter H. Schirra, Jr., Donald K. Slayton, John H. Glenn, Jr., and Scott Carpenter; back row, Alan B. Shepard, Jr., Virgil I. Gus Grissom, and L. Gordon Cooper."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Academy Awards telecast on NBC - History.com First Academy Awards telecast on NBC - Mar 19, 1953 - HISTORY.com [PAR] First Academy Awards telecast on NBC [PAR] Share this: [PAR] First Academy Awards telecast on NBC [PAR] Author [PAR] First Academy Awards telecast on NBC [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this night in 1953, for the first time, audiences are able to sit in their living rooms and watch as the movie world\u2019s most prestigious honors, the Academy Awards, are given out at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California. [PAR] Organized in May 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was envisioned as a non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of the film industry. The first Academy Awards were handed out in May 1929, in a ceremony and banquet held in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The level of suspense was nonexistent, however, as the winners had already been announced several months earlier. For the next 10 years, the Academy gave the names of the winners to the newspapers for publication at 11 p.m. on the night of the awards ceremony; this changed after one paper broke the tacit agreement and published the results in the evening edition, available before the ceremony began. A sealed envelope system began the next year, and endures to this day, making Oscar night Hollywood\u2019s most anticipated event of the year. [PAR] Public interest in the Oscars was high from the beginning, and from the second year on the ceremony was covered in a live radio broadcast. The year 1953 marked the first time that the Academy Awards were broadcast on the fledgling medium of television. The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) TV network carried the 25th annual awards ceremony live from Hollywood\u2019s RKO Pantages Theatre. Bob Hope was the master of ceremonies, while Fredric March, a two-time Academy Award winner for Best Actor (for 1932\u2019s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and 1946\u2019s The Best Years of Our Lives), presented the awards. The statuette for Best Picture went to Cecil B. DeMille\u2019s The Greatest Show on Earth, while John Ford won Best Director for The Quiet Man. Winners in the top two acting categories were Gary Cooper (High Noon) and Shirley Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba). [PAR] Hope, a star of stage and screen who tirelessly performed in United Service Organization (USO) shows for American troops during World War II, would become a mainstay of the new TV medium. He was also the most venerated Academy Awards host, playing MC no fewer than 18 times between 1939 and 1977. NBC broadcast the Oscars until 1961, when the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) took over for the next decade, including the first awards broadcast in color in 1966. Although NBC briefly regained the show in the early 1970s, ABC came out on top again in 1976 and has broadcast every Academy Awards show since. The network is under contract to continue showing the Oscars until 2014. [PAR] Ratings for the Academy Awards have been notoriously uneven, with larger audiences tending to tune in when box-office hits are nominated for high-profile awards such as Best Picture. When Titanic won big in 1998, for example, the Oscar telecast drew 55 million viewers; the triumph of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2004 drew 44 million. The 80th Academy Awards ceremony, held in February 2008, drew the lowest ratings since 1953, with a total of about 32 million viewers\u2013just 18.7 percent of America\u2019s homes\u2013tuned in to the telecast. Analysts blamed the relative obscurity"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2016 Ryder Cup at Hazeltine | RyderCup.com 2016 Ryder Cup at Le Golf National , Sept. 26-30, 2018 | RyderCup.com [PAR] To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. [PAR] Ryder Cup History [PAR] 1927\u2013PRESENT [PAR] The Ryder Cup has become one of the world\u2019s greatest sporting events. Every two years, 24 of the best players from Europe and the United States go head-to-head in match play competition. Drama, tension, incredible golf, camaraderie and sportsmanship are served in equal measure, captivating an audience of millions around the world. It\u2019s an event that transcends sport, yet remains true to the spirit of its founder, Samuel Ryder. [PAR] 2016 Winner[DOC] [TLE] France is named host country for The 2018 Ryder Cup ... France is named host country for The 2018 Ryder Cup - Ryder Cup [PAR] Ryder Cup [PAR] Chantal Jouanno, French Minister for Sport, (centre) with officials as France are awarded The 2018 Ryder Cup (Getty Images) [PAR] Related Content [PAR] The 2018 Ryder Cup Host Venue Announcement - Transcript [PAR] France will host The Ryder Cup for the first time in 2018. The historic announcement, which will see golf\u2019s greatest team event return to the Continent of Europe for the first time in 21 years, was made by Ryder Cup Europe at Wentworth Club in Surrey, England. [PAR] Le Golf National on the outskirts of Versailles near Paris, the well-established home of the Alstom Open de France, will become only the second Continental venue \u2013 following Club de Golf, Valderrama, in Spain in 1997 - when the 42nd edition of The Ryder Cup between Europe and the United States is contested in the autumn of 2018. [PAR] Five nations \u2013 France, Germany, Holland, Portugal and Spain \u2013 had participated in an exhaustive and comprehensive Bid Process \u2013 the first conducted by Ryder Cup Europe - to identify the country best qualified to follow Medinah Country Club, Illinois, USA, next year; Gleneagles, Scotland, in 2014 and Hazeltine, Minnesota, USA, in 2016 as host of the biennial contest. [PAR] George O\u2019Grady, Chief Executive of The European Tour \u2013 the Managing Partner of Ryder Cup Europe \u2013 made the official announcement at the iconic Wentworth Club, a venue which in 1926 had staged an international match recognised as the forerunner to The Ryder Cup itself one year later. [PAR] Also in attendance were delegates from the five Bid Nations, the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland, the PGAs of Europe, high ranking officials from the world of golf and the media, as France received the seal of approval to host The 2018 Ryder Cup. [PAR] Richard Hills, Europe\u2019s Ryder Cup Director, had led a four-strong Bid Committee, comprising 2018 Bid Director David MacLaren, Ryder Cup Match Director Edward Kitson and Financial Director Jonathan Orr, to examine and evaluate each Bid, including a series of thorough site inspections to the five countries who had confirmed their desire to stage The Ryder Cup in seven years\u2019 time. A sixth, Sweden, had dropped out of the race in the spring of 2010. [PAR] The objective of the bid process was to enable Ryder Cup Europe to arrive at the correct sporting and commercial decision in terms of the host for 2018. To this end, the Bid Committee evaluated the five candidates on five specific criteria, namely: (i) a commitment to the development of a world-class golf facility (new or existing); (ii) provision of ancillary facilities, suitable access and infrastructure commensurate with the staging of an international sporting event; (iii) demonstrable government , private sector"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gul elected as Turkish president | World news | The Guardian Gul elected as Turkish president | World news | The Guardian [PAR] Turkey [PAR] Gul elected as Turkish president [PAR] The new Turkish president, Abdullah Gul (left) with the prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, earlier this year. Photograph: AP [PAR] Tuesday 28 August 2007 10.35 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 28 August 2007 10.35 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The Turkish parliament today elected the foreign minister, Abdullah Gul, as president, making him the first former Islamist to hold the post. [PAR] Mr Gul had failed in the previous two round of voting when a two-thirds majority was needed. This time, only a simple majority was required - and the presidency was his after he received 339 votes in the 550-seat chamber. [PAR] As the president, Mr Gul has the power to veto legislation. He has failed to allay secularist fears that he would sign into law any legislation passed by the government of the prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan - a close ally - without concern for the separation of religion and politics. [PAR] Distrusted by the military because of his Islamist past, 56-year-old Mr Gul has promised to uphold secularism. [PAR] Turkey's secularists also dislike the fact that his wife, Hayrunisa Ozyurt, wears an Islamic-style headscarf - banned in government offices and schools. [PAR] Islamic dress has been restricted in Turkey since the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, imposed secularism and western-style reforms in the 30s. [PAR] \"A person who has defied the [secular] republic, who has said he finds it to be wrong, is about to move to the top of the state. This is a contradiction,\" Deniz Baykal, the leader of the secular opposition, said. [PAR] Mr Baykal's party has vowed to boycott some state occasions, including presidential ceremonies. [PAR] Secularist Turks staged mass rallies, and the military - which has overthrown four governments since the 60s - threatened to intervene when Mr Erdogan nominated Mr Gul for the presidency in April. [PAR] Mr Erdogan broke the political deadlock by calling early general elections, which the ruling Justice and Development party (AKP) won easily last month. [PAR] After the AKP's sweeping victory, in which it gained 341 seats, Mr Erdogan again put Mr Gul's name forward on the grounds that the AKP had won a mandate. [PAR] Mr Gul rejected calls from secularist parties to step aside in favour of a non-Islamist, compromise candidate. [PAR] \"It was a vote on my candidacy,\" he said of the general elections. \"I had to be honest to myself and to all the people who voted for us.\" [PAR] As foreign minister, Mr Gul won widespread respect from his fellow Europeans in negotiations for Turkey's membership of the EU. [PAR] He served briefly as prime minister when the AKP first swept to power in November 2002, when Mr Erdogan was banned from national politics. [PAR] In a recent meeting with foreign journalists, he said he would make use of his experiences as foreign minister to boost Turkey's EU bid and make the Turkish presidency more active on the international scene. He added that Turkey \"would be contributing more to world issues\".[DOC] [TLE] Turkey's Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul Elected President ... Turkey's Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul Elected President | Fox News [PAR] Turkey's Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul Elected President [PAR] Published August 28, 2007 [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] advertisement [PAR] ANKARA, Turkey \u2013 Turkey 's foreign minister, Abdullah Gul , was elected president on Tuesday, the parliament speaker said, in a major triumph"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How does Meniere's disease affect the body? - Meniere's ... How does Meniere's disease affect the body? - Meniere's Disease - Sharecare [PAR] Meniere's Disease [PAR] How does Meniere's disease affect the body? [PAR] A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered [PAR] In the worst cases, Meniere's disease can be incapacitating. Vertigo and dizziness may be so bad that patients fall down while trying to walk. Patients may lose their hearing in the affected ear or ears. Short-term effects may include nausea and vomiting. Patients may become anxious or depressed. [PAR] Helpful? [PAR] This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. [PAR] Videos (6) [PAR] Meniere's Disease [PAR] Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes severe spells of vertigo, making you feel like you're spinning. You can also have hearing loss, ringing (tinnitus, pronounced either TINN-itus or tinn-UH-tus)) or a feeling of fullness in your ear. (It usually affects just one ear). Doctors don't fully understand Meniere's Disease but suspect that its caused by a combination of how fluid drains (or does not drain) from your ear, allergies, viruses and genes. There is no known cure for Meniere's Disease, but vertigo is treatable. [PAR] Meniere's Disease Q&As"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Divine - IMDb Divine - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Writer [PAR] Originally born Harris Glen Milstead just after the end of WWII, Baltimore's most outrageous resident eventually became the international icon of bad taste cinema, as the always shocking and highly entertaining transvestite performer, Divine. Milstead met maverick film director & good friend, John Waters , at high school in Baltimore, and the two ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 22 images [PAR] created 22 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 44 people [PAR] created 23 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 29 people [PAR] created 04 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 images [PAR] created 01 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How Much Have You Seen? [PAR] How much of Divine's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 2 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Pink Flamingos Divine / Babs Johnson [PAR] (1972) [PAR] Hairspray Edna Turnblad / Arvin Hodgepile [PAR] (1988) [PAR] Female Trouble Dawn Davenport / Earl Peterson [PAR] (1974) [PAR] Party Guest / Man with Scarf [PAR] Hide [PAR] Soundtrack (8 credits) [PAR] 2013 I Am Divine (Documentary) (performer: \"Native Love (Step by Step)\", \"Born to Be Cheap\", \"I'm So Beautiful\", \"You Think You're a Man\") [PAR] 2009 Welcome to the 80's (TV Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - House-Nation und Acid-Parties (2009) ... (performer: \"Native Love (Step By Step)\", \"You Think You're A Man\") [PAR] 1999 Deep Blue Sea (performer: \"Good and Plenty\") [PAR] 1988 The Fruit Machine (performer: \"You think you're a man\", \"I'm so beautiful\") [PAR] 1974 Female Trouble (performer: \"Female Trouble\") [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2006 Madison Class of '64 (Short) (a tribute to the genius of) [PAR] 1988 Married with Children (TV Series) (dedicated to the memory of - 1 episode) [PAR] - All in the Family (1988) ... (dedicated to the memory of - as Divine 1945 - 1988) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1995 Divine: Shoot Your Shot (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1994 Divine: Live at the Hacienda (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1988 The Incredibly Strange Film Show (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1987 The Last Resort (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1987 De Nachtshow (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1986 Night Flight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1984 \u00c0ngel Casas Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Musical Guest [PAR] 1984 Estoc de pop (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1983 Formel Eins (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1982 AVRO's Toppop (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1982 Mein New York (TV Short documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1978 Emerald City (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2016 Erlebnis \u00d6sterreich (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself - Live im U4 [PAR] 2011 Visionado obligado (TV Series) [PAR] Divine / Babs Johnson [PAR] 2009 50 a\u00f1os de (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2009 Welcome to the 80's (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 Starz Inside: In the Gutter (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007 The Roots of 'Hairspray' (Video documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 Carta blanca (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2000 In Bad Taste (TV Special documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1999 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1981 That's Hollywood (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Francine Fishpaw [PAR] - Cult Classics (1981) ... Francine Fishpaw [PAR] Related Videos [PAR] Theatre - Played Flashstorm in \"The Neon Woman\" by Tom Eyen, Off-Broadway, in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] W. B. Yeats Dead; Famous Irish Poet - The New York Times W. B. Yeats Dead; Famous Irish Poet [PAR] W. B. Yeats Dead; Famous Irish Poet [PAR] Wireless to The New York Times [PAR] NICE, France, Jan. 29.--The death of William Butler Yeats, famous Irish poet and playwright, occurred yesterday near Mentone. Mr. Yeats, who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1923, was 73 years old. [PAR] MENTONE, France, Jan. 29 (AP).--Mr. Yeats died in the little French Riviera town of Roquebrune, after a short illness, at a boarding house where he and his wife had been staying. [PAR] He will be buried tomorrow at Roquebrune. It was expected, however, that eventually the poet's body would be removed to his native Ireland. [PAR] Mr. Yeats arrived in Roquebrune early last month in ill health. He suffered repeated heart attacks, and was able to take only short walks in the gardens of the house where he stayed. He had been confined to his bed since Tuesday. [PAR] Wrote Poems, Essays, and Plays [PAR] When he labored at his chosen craft, that of writing poetry, essays and plays, Mr. Yeats frequently let his mind roam far afield in the realm of fancy, and it is for the gentle beauty of such works that he was hailed by many as the greatest poet of his time in the English language. [PAR] Yeats found time to crusade for worldly ends, but there his tactics were notable for tenacity and vigor. At the turn of the century he shared in the establishment of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, and for ten years devoted himself almost exclusively to drama. The struggle of the Irish Free State likewise occupied his time. From 1922 until 1928 he was a Senator in the Dail Eireann. [PAR] John Masefield, poet laureate of England, on the occasion of Yeats's seventieth birthday in June, 1935, called him \"the greatest living poet,\" and unquestionably it will be for his verse that posterity will remember him. The high point in a life full with recognition came in 1923, when Yeats received the Nobel Prize for literature. [PAR] Nearly fifty years ago he published his first verse in the Dublin University Review. The flow of words exhibited in that early composition indicated Yeats's natural command of language. Thus, he wrote: [PAR] I passed a little further on and heard a peacock say: [PAR] Who made the grass and made the worms and made my feathers gay? [PAR] He is a monstrous peacock, and he waveth all the night [PAR] His languid tail above us, lit with myriad spots of light. [PAR] Went to School in London [PAR] Yeats was born at Sandymount, near Dublin, on June 13, 1865, son of John Butler Yeats, well- known Irish painter. When 10 years old he was taken to London for training at the Godolphin School in Hammersmith, but much of his time, especially during the Summers, was spent in County Sligo, Ireland. [PAR] Three years directed to the study of painting failed to satisfy the young man's desire to express himself and, in 1886, he finally abandoned his father's profession in preference for a literary one of his own. [PAR] Yeats returned to London, where he associated with William Morris, W. E. Henley, Arthur Symons and Lionel Johnson in the founding of the Rhymers Club and the maintenance of the Yellow Book. Oscar Wilde interested him, as did Verlaine, whom Yeats visited in Paris in 1894. [PAR] George Moore, his opponent in many a literary battle, wrote of him at this period: \"Yeats was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unpopular, Unfamiliar Fish Species Suffer From Become Seafood Unpopular, Unfamiliar Fish Species Suffer From Become Seafood [PAR] Unpopular, Unfamiliar Fish Species Suffer From Become Seafood [PAR] TOOLBOX [PAR] Friday, July 31, 2009 [PAR] If the slimehead were still a slimehead, it wouldn't be in this kind of trouble. [PAR] An arm-long fish with the look of a prehistoric fossil, the slimehead lived in obscurity a quarter-mile deep in the ocean. The fish was known mainly to scientists, who named it for its distinctive mucus canals. [PAR] But then, in the 1970s, seafood dealers came up with a name that no longer tickled the gag reflex. This was the beginning of the \"orange roughy.\" [PAR] And, very nearly, the end. With this tasty-sounding name, the slimehead was widely overfished. [PAR] On Thursday, a long-awaited report on the world's seafood stocks declared that 63 percent of these species are below healthy levels. [PAR] The seafood study, released online Thursday in the journal Science, is one of the most comprehensive looks at the contents of the world's seas. An international group of scientists examined an unprecedented amount of data about harvests and fish populations from the Bering Sea to the Antarctic, and they studied thousands of species from the Atlantic cod to the Australian jackass morwong. [PAR] Some of those worst-hit were fish that have been renamed to make them more marketable. For threatened animals on land, a more attractive name might be a blessing. But for these creatures -- slimeheads, goosefish, rock crabs, Patagonian toothfish, whore's eggs -- it was a curse. [PAR] That fishermen have turned to them shows what's left in the ocean. Today's seafood is often yesterday's trash fish and monsters. [PAR] \"People never thought they would be eaten,\" said Jennifer Jacquet, a biologist at the University of British Columbia. \"And as we fish out the world's oceans, we're coming across these species and wondering, 'Can we give them a makeover?' \" [PAR] The study's lead author, Boris Worm, was following up on a study that predicted that if fishing continued at the same rate, all the world's seafood stocks would collapse by 2048. He said the latest study actually revealed something surprising: a reason for optimism. [PAR] About half of the depleted species might actually have a chance to recover, the scientists found, if given enough protection. [PAR] But, Worm said, species such as slimehead still illustrate what's gone deeply wrong. [PAR] CONTINUED 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dillon, CO - Dillon, Colorado Map & Directions - MapQuest Dillon, CO - Dillon, Colorado Map & Directions - MapQuest [PAR] {{::location.tagLine.value.text}} [PAR] Sponsored Topics [PAR] Dillon is a home rule municipality in Summit County, Colorado, United States. The population was 802 at the 2000 census. [PAR] Dillon is located at 39\u00b037\u203240\u2033N 106\u00b02\u203239\u2033W / 39.62778\u00b0N 106.04417\u00b0W / 39.62778; -106.04417 (39.627659, -106.044199). [PAR] According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km\u00b2), of which, 1.5 square miles (4.0 km\u00b2) of it is land and 0.9 square miles (2.2 km\u00b2) of it (35.71%) is water. Dillon Dam and its reservoir (Lake Dillon) are nearby. The continental divide is approximately 10 miles (16 km) east.[DOC] [TLE] Hotel Lake Dillon Lodge, Frisco, CO - Booking.com Hotel Lake Dillon Lodge, Frisco, CO - Booking.com [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] [PAR] One of our top picks in Frisco. With easy access to recreational activities such as skiing, fishing, and hiking, this hotel in Frisco, Colorado features convenient services such as a free continental breakfast. [PAR] Baymont Inn & Suites Lake Dillon is 300 feet from a county-wide shuttle station that provides transportation to area resorts. After a day of skiing or hiking, guests can go for a swim in the indoor pool or soak in the hot tub. [PAR] The guest rooms at the Lake Dillon Baymont Inn & Suites feature free high-speed wireless internet access. Guests can relax with a cup of coffee made with in the in-room coffeemaker watching cable TV. [PAR] We speak your language! [PAR] Baymont Inn & Suites Lake Dillon has been welcoming Booking.com guests since Jul 13, 2008 [PAR] Hotel Rooms: 127, Hotel Chain: Baymont Inn & Suites [PAR] Most Popular Facilities [PAR] Read more [PAR] Booking.com Guest Review Guidelines [PAR] To keep the rating score and review content relevant for your upcoming trip, we archive reviews older than 24 months. [PAR] Only a customer who has booked through Booking.com and stayed at the property in question can write a review. This allows us to verify that our reviews come from real guests like you. Who better to tell others about the free breakfast, friendly staff, or their comfortable room than someone who\u2019s stayed at the property? [PAR] We want you to share your story, with both the good and the not-so-good. All we ask is that you follow a few simple guidelines. [PAR] Reviews Vision [PAR] We believe review contributions and property responses will highlight a wide range of opinions and experiences, which is critical in helping guests make informed decisions about where to stay. [PAR] Reviews Principles [PAR] Contributions to Booking.com are a reflection of the dedication of our guests and properties, so we treat them with the utmost respect. [PAR] Whether negative or positive, we'll post every comment in full and as quickly as possible, provided the guidelines are met. We'll also provide transparency over the status of submitted content. [PAR] We'll use the same guidelines and standards for all user-generated content, and for the property responses to that content. [PAR] We'll allow the contributions to speak for themselves, and we won\u2019t be the judge of reality. Booking.com\u2019s role is to be a feedback distributor for both guests and properties. [PAR] Guidelines and Standards for Reviews [PAR] These guidelines and standards aim to keep the content on Booking.com relevant and family-friendly, without limiting expression or strong opinions. They're also applicable regardless of the comment's tone. [PAR] Contributions should be travel related. The most helpful contributions are detailed and help others make better decisions. Please don\u2019t include personal,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Elizabeth Files \u00bb The Execution of Thomas Seymour The Elizabeth Files \u00bb The Execution of Thomas Seymour [PAR] The Execution of Thomas Seymour [PAR] Posted By claire on March 20, 2010 [PAR] Thomas Seymour [PAR] On this day in history, 20th March 1549, Thomas Seymour the 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, was beheaded after being found guilty of treason. [PAR] Thomas Seymour was a very dissatisfied man. Although he was Lord High Admiral and had been the husband of Katherine Parr, the dowager queen, his brother Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, had been made Lord High Protector of England and was ruling the country on behalf of the boy king, Edward VI \u2013 his brother had all the power. Thomas had seen his wife snubbed by Somerset\u2019s wife and she had even had her jewels seized by the Lord Protector, this angered Thomas and even after Katherine had died he was still battling his brother for Katherine\u2019s jewels, it was as if they stood for everything in his life that he thought his brother had taken from him. [PAR] Seymour\u2019s Undoing [PAR] Without Katherine\u2019s steadying influence, Thomas Seymour began a campaign to undermine his brother and loosen his hold on their nephew, Edward VI. An informant told Seymour that the young King often complained about his lack of pocket money, so Seymour wormed his way into Edward\u2019s affections by smuggling money to him. He also set out to damage his brother\u2019s reputation by voicing his concerns over the way that Somerset was running the country and he undermined his brother\u2019s control by using his position as Lord High Admiral of the English Navy to encourage piracy, something he was meant to stamp out. [PAR] But that was not all. [PAR] Seymour was also bribing Sir William Sharington, the Vice-treasurer of the Bristol Mint, who Seymour learned had been fiddling the books. This was the perfect opportunity for Seymour to get financing for a coup against his brother\u2019s protectorship, but it all went pear-shaped when the Privy Council learned of Seymours plans at the end of 1548. Seymour was called to appear before the Privy Council to explain himself but in desperation he hatched a plot to kidnap Edward VI. [PAR] Edward VI [PAR] On the 16th January 1549, it is said that Thomas Seymour broke into the King\u2019s residence at Hampton Court Palace by entering through the privy garden. As he entered the King\u2019s apartments, the King\u2019s spaniel woke up and barked and it is said that Seymour shot the King\u2019s beloved pet. The shot alerted a guard who confronted Seymour and Seymour was arrested and taken to the Tower of London. [PAR] Not only was Seymour accused of trying to kidnap the King, he was also accused of plotting to marry the King\u2019s half-sister, Elizabeth, and attempting to put her on the throne. He was accused of 33 separate accounts of treason and it could be said that his shooting of the King\u2019s beloved dog led to Edward VI signing his uncle\u2019s death warrant when Seymour\u2019s brother, Somerset, couldn\u2019t bring himself to. [PAR] Elizabeth Implicated [PAR] In January 1549, just after Seymour\u2019s arrest, Seymour\u2019s stepdaughter, Elizabeth, was interrogated about her relationship with Seymour and her servants, Thomas Parry and Katherine (Kat) Ashley were detained at the Tower. Sir Robert Tyrwhitt was the man in charge of questioning Elizabeth, Parry and Ashley and he had no sympathy for Thomas Seymour. It was Tyrwhitt\u2019s wife, Lady Tyrwhitt, who had been friends with Katherine Parr, and who had listened to Katherine lash out at Seymour when she was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1978 FIFA World Cup - Football Wiki - Wikia 1978 FIFA World Cup | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1978 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Copa Mundial de F\u00fatbol Argentina '78 [PAR] Tournament details [PAR] 1\u201325 June (25 days) [PAR] Teams [PAR] 1982 \u2192 [PAR] The 1978 FIFA World Cup, the 11th staging of the FIFA World Cup , quadrennial international football world championship tournament, was held in Argentina between 1 and 25 June. [PAR] The 1978 World Cup was won by Argentina who beat the Netherlands 3\u20131 after extra time in the final. This win was the first World Cup title for Argentina, who became the fifth team (after Uruguay , Italy , England and West Germany ), to be both hosts and world champions. Argentina, the Netherlands and Brazil were the gold, silver and bronze medalists respectively. Iran and Tunisia made their first appearances in the finals. [PAR] The official match ball was the Adidas Tango. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Host selection [PAR] Argentina was chosen as the host nation by FIFA in London, England on 6 July 1966. Mexico withdrew from the bidding process after having been awarded the 1970 competition two years earlier. [PAR] Qualification [PAR] Main article: 1978 FIFA World Cup qualification [PAR] England failed to qualify for the second World Cup in succession, losing out to Italy. European champions Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union also failed to qualify for the finals. Uruguay failed to qualify for the first time since 1958. Newcomers to the finals were Iran and Tunisia; Austria qualified for the first time since 1958, while France, Spain and Hungary were back for the first time since 1966. For the first time, more than 100 nations entered the competition. [PAR] Controversy [PAR] A controversial fact surrounding the 1978 World Cup was that Argentina had suffered a military coup only two years before the cup, a coup known as the National Reorganization Process. Less than a year before the World Cup, in September 1977, Interior Minister General Albano Harguindeguy, stated that 5,618 people had recently disappeared. The infamous Naval Mechanics School (known by its acronym ESMA) held concentration camp prisoners of the Dirty War and those held captive reportedly could hear the roars of the crowd during matches held at River Plate's Monumental Stadium, located only a mile away; prompting echoes of Hitler's manipulation of sports during the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Because of the political turmoil, some countries, most notably the Netherlands , considered publicly whether they should participate in the event. Despite this, all teams eventually took part without restrictions. Allegations that Dutch star Johan Cruyff refused to participate because of political convictions were denied by him 30 years later. More controversy surrounded the host, Argentina, as all of their games in the first round kicked off at night, giving the Argentines the advantage of knowing where they stood in the group. This issue would arise again in Spain 1982, which prompted FIFA to change the rules so that the final two group games in subsequent World Cups would be played simultaneously. [PAR] Further accusations surround the game Argentina and Peru played in the second round of the tournament. Argentina needed to win by a margin of four goals to proceed to the final and did so by defeating Peru by 6\u20130. However, claims that the Argentine military dictatorship interfered to ensure Argentina would defeat Peru, were denied by the Peruvian captain and several Peruvian players. Some accusations originated in the Brazilian media and pointed to the fact that the Peruvian goalkeeper had been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ick: Battle of Blenheim 1704 - Britishbattles Battle of Blenheim [PAR] Battle of Blenheim [PAR] The Duke of Marlborough\u2019s spectacular defeat of the hitherto invincible French army of Louis XIV [PAR] The Duke of Marlborough leads the attack at the Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession: picture by Harry Payne [PAR] The previous battle in the British Battles series is the Siege of Basing House [PAR] The next battle in the War of the Spanish Succession is the Battle of Ramillies [PAR] Battle: Blenheim [PAR] War: Spanish Succession [PAR] Date of the Battle of Blenheim: 2nd August 1704 (Old Style) (13th August 1704 New Style). The dates in this page are given in the Old Style. To translate to the New Style add 11 days [PAR] Place of the Battle of Blenheim: On the Danube in Southern Germany. [PAR] Combatants at the Battle of Blenheim: British, Austrians, Hungarians, Hanoverians, Prussians, Danes and Hessians against the French and Bavarians. [PAR] John Churchill Duke of Marlborough: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession [PAR] Generals at the Battle of Blenheim: The Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy against Marshall Tallard, Marshall Marsin and the Elector of Bavaria. [PAR] Size of the armies at the Battle of Blenheim: There is considerable dissent on the size of the respective armies. [PAR] The French and Bavarian armies probably comprised 60,000 men (69 battalions of foot and 128 squadrons of horse) and around 60 guns. The Allied army comprised 56,000 men (51 battalions of foot and 92 squadrons of horse), of which 16,000 (14 battalions of foot and 18 squadrons of horse and dragoons) were British and 52 guns. [PAR] There is considerable variation in the numbers attributed to the French and Bavarian armies: some authorities put their strength as high as 72,000 men with 200 guns. [PAR] French sources quoted by Sullivan in his book \u201cThe Irish Brigades\u201d give the relative strengths as: [PAR] French and Bavarians: 43,900 men, in 78 battalions and 127 squadrons, with 90 cannon. [PAR] British and Allies: 60,150 men in 66 battalions and 181 squadrons, with 66 cannon [PAR] (French battalions having 400 men to the Allied 500 and the French squadrons 100 to the Allied 150). [PAR] Prince Eugene of Savoy: Battle of Blenheim 2nd August 1704 in the War of the Spanish Succession [PAR] Uniforms, arms and equipment at the Battle of Blenheim: [PAR] The British Army of Queen Anne comprised troops of Horse Guards, regiments of horse, dragoons, Foot Guards and foot. In time of war the Department of Ordnance provided companies of artillery, the guns drawn by the horses of civilian contractors. [PAR] These types of formation were largely standard throughout Europe. In addition the Austrian Empire possessed numbers of irregular light troops; Hussars from Hungary and Bosniak and Pandour troops from the Balkans. During the 18th Century the use of irregulars spread to other armies until every European force employed hussar regiments and light infantry for scouting duties. [PAR] Horse and dragoons carried swords and short flintlock muskets. Dragoons had largely completed their transition from mounted infantry to cavalry and were formed into troops rather than companies as had been the practice in the past. However they still used drums rather than trumpets for field signals. [PAR] Infantry regiments fought in line, armed with flintlock musket and bayonet, orders indicated by the beat of drum. The field unit for infantry was the battalion comprising ten companies, each commanded by a captain, the senior company being of grenadiers. Drill"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Merry Wives of Windsor - Shakespeare's Data Merry Wives of Windsor - Shakespeare's Data [PAR] Shakespeare's Data [PAR] datacard [PAR] Merry Wives of Windsor [PAR] Facts collected from tagged text on this page [PAR] Facts about this page[DOC] [TLE] The Merry Wives of Windsor - Washington State University The Merry Wives of Windsor [PAR] Washington State University [PAR] THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR [PAR] The play's sources are racy fabliaux, of both the Italian and Chaucerian type. It's exceptional in that the setting is England -- this is a small-town comedy rather than a romantic one, focusing on the middle class. It is \"the only Shake-speare play removed from de Vere's familiar world of court and castle\" (Anderson 40). One should think, if one were a Stratfordian, that most of Shakespeare's plays, at least the comedies, would resemble this one. But Shakespeare depicts the English middle class as he does the Italian merchant class: as prosperous but basely materialistic, morally complacent morons. Despite one reference to Prince Hal, this is \"Shakespeare's only here-and-now play, the only one whose events take place in Shakespeare's own time and own place\" (Asimov 421), \"with no aristocrats in the cast list\" (Wells 185). Whither \"write what you know\"? In any case, Ankerwicke, where Edward de Vere was tutored by Sir Thomas Smith, overlooked the Thames close to Windsor (Anderson 6). In 1570 an ill Oxford was lodged in a room in Windsor (Anderson 40). [PAR] If there's any truth behind the early 18th-century dubious legend that The Merry Wives of Windsor was written in fourteen days at the prompting of Queen Elizabeth who wanted to see Falstaff in love (e.g., Wells 187), then it may be that a very early play was revised as a vehicle for the popular Falstaff character. The play has more prose than any other Shakespeare work -- \"by far the least poetic play\" (Asimov 421). The two key sources seem to have been collections: Il Pecorone, used also for The Merchant of Venice and whose Siennese story was not translated into English during Shakespeare's time, and Le Piacevoli Notti (Farina 30). [PAR] The relationship of this with the Henry plays is baffling. Shallow, Pistol, and Nim appear here. The play contains a reference to Fenton having kept company with Prince Hal and Poins, as Falstaff did. But Mistress Quickly and Falstaff are not previously acquainted here, and she's a servant to a French doctor. So, setting aside the anachronism of early 15th-century characters in this context, which of the Falstaff plays is supposed to have come first? One popular but strained theory is that Shakespeare interrupted progress on Henry IV, Part 2 for this change of pace. But I suspect this one comes later than the others, after the characters become beloved of audiences. Shakespeare killed off Falstaff as Conan Doyle did Holmes, only to revive him later because of popular demand. Some critics suspect that given the crudity of the comedy, this is a very early play of Shakespeare's, revised to accommodate the familiar characters. This would account for the rumor that it was finished so quickly. [PAR] The more disturbing problem is that we have what Harold Bloom calls a \"pseudo-Falstaff,\" \"a nameless imposter masquerading as the great Sir John Falstaff\" (Bloom 315; cf. Goddard, I 175, Ogburn and Ogburn 738), operating out of necessity and survival instead of being the force of anarchy and fun. And \"from early in the nineteenth century the idea of a single Falstaff character drawn, sometimes romaniticized, from the history plays has been used as a yardstick with which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hinduism - Sacred-texts: Vedas Sacred-Texts: Hinduism [PAR] Hinduism [PAR] Vedas Upanishads Puranas Other Primary Texts Epics Mahabharata Ramayana Bhagavad Gita Vedanta Later texts Modern books [PAR] The Vedas [PAR] There are four Vedas, the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda. The Vedas are the primary texts of Hinduism. They also had a vast influence on Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Traditionally the text of the Vedas was coeval with the universe. Scholars have determined that the Rig Veda, the oldest of the four Vedas, was composed about 1500 B.C., and codified about 600 B.C. It is unknown when it was finally committed to writing, but this probably was at some point after 300 B.C. [PAR] The Vedas contain hymns, incantations, and rituals from ancient India. Along with the Book of the Dead , the Enuma Elish , the I Ching , and the Avesta , they are among the most ancient religious texts still in existence. Besides their spiritual value, they also give a unique view of everyday life in India four thousand years ago. The Vedas are also the most ancient extensive texts in an Indo-European language, and as such are invaluable in the study of comparative linguistics. [PAR] Rig Veda [PAR] translated by Ralph Griffith [1896] [PAR] A complete English translation of the Rig Veda. [PAR] Vedic Hymns, Part I (SBE 32) [PAR] Hymns to the Maruts, Rudra, V\u00e2yu and V\u00e2ta, tr. by F. Max M\u00fcller [1891] [PAR] A masterpiece of linguistics and comparative mythology: translations and deep analysis of the Vedic Hymns to the Storm Gods. [PAR] Hymns to Agni, tr. by Hermann Oldenberg [1897] [PAR] The Vedic Hymns to Agni. [PAR] An introduction to the Dramatis Person\u00e6 of the Rig Veda. [PAR] Sama Veda [PAR] The Sama-Veda [PAR] translated by Ralph Griffith [1895] [PAR] A collection of hymns used by the priests during the Soma sacrifice. Many of these duplicate in part or in whole hymns from the Rig Veda. This is a complete translation. [PAR] Yajur Veda [PAR] The Yajur Veda (Taittiriya Sanhita) [PAR] translated by Arthur Berriedale Keith [1914] [PAR] A complete translation of the Black Yajur Veda. The Yajur Veda is a detailed manual of the Vedic sacrificial rites. [PAR] translated by Ralph T.H. Griffith [1899] [PAR] A complete translation of the White Yajur Veda. [PAR] Atharva Veda [PAR] The Atharva Veda also contains material from the Rig Veda, but of interest are the numerous incantations and metaphysical texts, which this anthology (part of the Sacred Books of the East series) collects and categorizes. The Atharva Veda was written down much later than the rest of the Vedas, about 200 B.C.; it may have been composed about 1000 B.C. [PAR] translated by Ralph T.H. Griffith [1895-6] [PAR] The unabridged Atharva Veda translation by Ralph Griffith. [PAR] translated by Maurice Bloomfield [1897] [PAR] (Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 42) [PAR] The Sacred Books of the East translation of the Atharva-veda. Selected hymns from the Atharva-veda. [PAR] Upanishads [PAR] The Upanishads are a continuation of the Vedic philosophy, and were written between 800 and 400 B.C. They elaborate on how the soul (Atman) can be united with the ultimate truth (Brahman) through contemplation and mediation, as well as the doctrine of Karma-- the cumulative effects of a persons' actions. [PAR] The Upanishads (Sacred Books of the East, vols. 1 and 15): [PAR] by K. Narayanasvami Aiyar [1914] [PAR] Thirty shorter Upanishads, principally dealing with Yogic thought and practice. [PAR] Translations from the Katha, Prasna and Chhandogya Upanishads. [PAR] Puranas [PAR] The Puranas are post-Vedic texts which typically contain a complete"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the proper English-Latin translation for 'know ... What is the proper English-Latin translation for 'know thyself, be thyself, love thyself' in the feminine? - Quora [PAR] Written Jul 18, 2011 [PAR] The proper Latin pair for 'Know thyself' is 'Nosce te ipsum'. A literal translation for 'be yourself' would be 'Tu ipse esto' (future imperative is best here). 'Love yourself' is pretty much 'Ama te ipsum'. [PAR] Now if the first phrase is known since the Antiquity, the two latter are very dependent on our present idea of self, being self and accepting self. In Classical Antiquity no one would understand what it means to be yourself (literally, I am already myself, how can I not be?) or to passionately love (amare) yourself. So if we want to express the same ideas, but in a more classical framework of thought, we should expand these thoughts. As for 'be yourself' I like the conjecture proposed by Maria here: http://en.allexperts.com/q/Latin... - a more Roman way to say that is 'follow your nature', 'tuam sequere naturam' (there is more accent on 'your' when the sentence starts with 'tuam'). For 'love yourself' a good expression, to me, would be a paraphrase from Seneca (De vita beata, IV, 2): \"Bestow the greatest good upon you yourself\": \"da sibi ipse maximum bonum\", in a sense that the greatest good that you can get is what you give to yourself (i.e. self-acceptance). [PAR] So, we have two choices - one concise and syntactically correct: [PAR] Nosce te ipsum, tu ipse esto, ama te ipsum. [PAR] And another one, more in the Classical Latin style: [PAR] Nosce te ipsum, tuam sequere naturam, da sibi ipse maximum bonum. [PAR] Note that there will be grammatical changes when talking about a woman.[DOC] [TLE] Latin: know oneself, latin transliteration, delphi greece Latin: know oneself, latin transliteration, delphi greece [PAR] Expert: Maria - 2/6/2008 [PAR] Question [PAR] QUESTION: well I know know thyself is Nosce te ipsum, and know yourself is Scito te ipsum, but what is know oneself? [PAR] ANSWER: Hello, [PAR] First of all the classical Latin phrase \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNosce te ipsum\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd means \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKnow thyself \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd / \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKnow yourself\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, since \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthyself\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd is nothing but the archaic obsolete form of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdyourself\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] With regard to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdScito te ipsum\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd which has exactly the same meaning, i.e. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKnow thyself \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd / \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKnow yourself\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, it is the medieval Latin equivalent of the classical Latin \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNosce te ipsum\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, as we read e.g. in Abelard's principal work on Ethics just entitled \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdEthica or Scito Te Ipsum\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (Ethics or Know Yourself). [PAR] As for the translation of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKnow oneself\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, it cannot be an imperative like in \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKnow thyself \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd / \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdKnow yourself\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, since the 3rd.person reflexive pronoun ONESELF cannot be used after an imperative, but only after an infinitive, i.e. after \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdto know\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, for example. [PAR] Therefore the infinitive \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTo know oneself\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd translates into Latin as follows: [PAR] -\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNoscere se ipsum\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd(in the masculine singular, if ONESELF refers to a male person) [PAR] -\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNoscere se ipsam\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd(in the feminine singular, if ONESELF refers to a female person). [PAR] -\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNoscere se ipsos\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (in the masculine plural, if ONESELF refers to two or more male persons). [PAR] -\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNoscere se ipsas\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd(in the feminine plural, if ONESELF refers to two or more female persons). [PAR] Finally note that: [PAR] -NOSCERE (infinitive of NOSCO) means \"to know\", while NOSCE (imperative, 2nd.person singular of NOSCO) means\"Know\". [PAR] -SE IPSUM / IPSAM / IPSOS / IPSAS means \"oneself\", while TE IPSUM means \"thyself/yourself\". [PAR] Hope all is clear enough. [PAR] Best regards, [PAR] Maria [PAR] ________________________________________________ [PAR] The maxim NOSCE TE IPSUM is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characters from Agatha Christie stories - Agatha Christie Characters from Agatha Christie stories - Agatha Christie [PAR] Hercule Poirot [PAR] One of the most famous fictional characters of all time, the inimitable Belgian private detective is synonymous with waxed moustaches, perfectionism and little grey cells. Poirot would be the first to call himself a great man - he has never been known for his modesty - but with such success in his career, it is difficult to argue with him. [PAR] Miss Marple [PAR] Miss Jane Marple doesn\u2019t look like your average detective. Quite frankly, she doesn\u2019t look like a detective at all. But looks can be deceiving... For a woman who has spent her life in the small village of St Mary Mead, Miss Marple is surprisingly worldly. But as she often points out, she has had every opportunity to observe human nature. [PAR] Tommy & Tuppence [PAR] International spies, two world wars, murders, thefts and not to mention marriage, Tommy and Tuppence seek out excitement wherever it may lie. Tuppence leads the way with her charismatic nature, while Tommy\u2019s slow, considered manner provides the perfect foil. Together they form the 'Young Adventurers Ltd' and the adventures begin."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IX. Neurology. 5e. The Trigeminal Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918 ... IX. Neurology. 5e. The Trigeminal Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. [PAR] External nasal. [PAR] Superior labial. [PAR] The Middle Meningeal Nerve (n. meningeus medius; meningeal or dural branch) is given off from the maxillary nerve directly after its origin from the semilunar ganglion; it accompanies the middle meningeal artery and supplies the dura mater. 25 The Zygomatic Nerve (n. zygomaticus; temporomalar nerve; orbital nerve) arises in the pterygopalatine fossa, enters the orbit by the inferior orbital fissure, and divides at the back of that cavity into two branches, zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial. 26 The zygomaticotemporal branch (ramus zygomaticotemporalis; temporal branch) runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and, passing through a foramen in the zygomatic bone, enters the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auri&cacute;ulotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit. 27 [PAR] FIG. 778\u0096 Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. ( See enlarged image ) [PAR] The zygomaticofacial branch (ramus zygomaticofacialis; malar branch) passes along the infero-lateral angle of the orbit, emerges upon the face through a foramen in the zygomatic bone, and, perforating the Orbicularis oculi, supplies the skin on the prominence of the cheek. It joins with the facial nerve and with the inferior palpebral branches of the maxillary. 28 The Sphenopalatine Branches (nn. sphenopalatini), two in number, descend to the sphenopalatine ganglion. 29 The Posterior Superior Alveolar Branches (rami alveolares superiores posteriores; posterior superior dental branches) arise from the trunk of the nerve just before it enters the infraorbital groove; they are generally two in number, but sometimes arise by a single trunk. They descend on the tuberosity of the maxilla and give off several twigs to the gums and neighboring parts of the mucous membrane of the cheek. They then enter the posterior alveolar canals on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla, and, passing from behind forward in the substance of the bone, communicate with the middle superior alveolar nerve, and give off branches to the lining membrane of the maxillary sinus and three twigs to each molar tooth; these twigs enter the foramina at the apices of the roots of the teeth. 30 The Middle Superior Alveolar Branch (ramus alveolaris superior medius; middle superior dental branch), is given off from the nerve in the posterior part of the infraorbital canal, and runs downward and forward in a canal in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus to supply the two premolar teeth. It forms a superior dental plexus with the anterior and posterior superior alveolar branches. 31 The Anterior Superior Alveolar Branch (ramus alveolaris superior anteriores; anterior superior dental branch), of considerable size, is given off from the nerve just before its exit from the infraorbital foramen; it descends in a canal in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, and divides into branches which supply the incisor and canine teeth. It communicates with the middle superior alveolar branch, and gives off a nasal branch, which passes through a minute canal in the lateral wall of the inferior meatus, and supplies the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. T - IMDb Mr. T - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Producer [PAR] Mr. T was born Laurence Tureaud on 21 May 1952, in the rough south side ghetto of Chicago. He is the second to youngest of twelve children (he has four sisters and seven brothers) and grew up in the housing projects. His father, Nathaniel Tureaud, left when Laurence was 5, and his mother raised the family on $87 a month welfare in a three-room ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Delamere Forest (England) Delamere Forest (England) [PAR] Go Ape Tree Top Adventure and Tree Top Junior [PAR] Enjoy adventure high above the forest floor, taking on zip-wires, tarzan swings and a variety of obstacles! Mini-Tarzans can also get in on the action with Go Ape\u2019s Tree Top Junior course (min age 4yrs and min height 1m). For more information and to book visit Go Ape . [PAR] Go Ape Forest Segway [PAR] Get off the beaten track on board an all-terrain forest segway \u2013 Go Ape\u2019s epic forest adventure with a down-to-earth twist. It\u2019s a totally unique way to tackle our trails. Min age 10yrs and min weight 7 Stone. For more information and to book visit Go Ape Forest Segway . [PAR] Orienteering [PAR] Orienteering is an outdoor adventure sport that excerises both mind and body. Delamere offers a permanent orienteering course suitable for all ages and abilities. Explore the forest and develop your navigation skills. For further information visit Deeside Orienteering Club . Maps are available to purchase onsite from TRACS at \u00a31.50. [PAR] Horse riding and dog walking [PAR] Why not take your best friends along to Delamere? You will be in good company as many people head to the trees to enjoy a long walk. There are beautiful places to ride through and so many sticks to fetch! [PAR] Satellite Navigation [PAR] To arrive at the forest using Satalite navigation. Please use post code CW8 2HZ This code is not our post code for sending mail, but will get you as close as possible to our forest centre using Sat Nav. [PAR] Delamere Outdoor Fitness [PAR] Why not get fit and feel great? Delamere Outdoor Fitness offer bootcamps, weight loss courses, running courses, Pilates, Kettlercise, children's themed birthday parties, adult parties such as stag and hen parties and pre season training for all types of sports. For more information go to www.delamereoutdoorfitness.co.uk or Contact Claire on 07968077180 or info@delamereoutdoorfitness.co.uk [PAR] Forest Explorers [PAR] Come along to one of our fantastic forest events or learn and play in the forest with Forest Explorers. Contact Helena delamere@forest-explorers.co.uk or visit the web site www.forest-explorers.co.uk for more information. [PAR] Wildlife [PAR] Delamere is also a haven for wildlife including the beautiful small tortoise shell butterfly, greater spotted woodpecker, white faced darter dragonfly, green woodpecker, siskin and southern hawker dragonfly. For more information on the white faced darter check out www.cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk . [PAR] Refuel after your forest adventure in the cafe. Serving a wide range of freshly made hot and cold food and drinks from the finest locally sourced ingredients. [PAR] What do other visitors say? [PAR] Where can I ride in the forest?Is there a map of different rides ad I am new to this? [PAR] chris jackson , 12/Nov/2016 [PAR] We have 2 marked forest road trails, White and Blue, however, you can cycle on all forest roads being aware of other users. [PAR] Forestry Commission Response [PAR] 5 Stars [PAR] lovely site, we enjoyed it very much and will recommend it to all are friend and maybe even come back once or twice. [PAR] hazza wicks, 11/Jul/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lionel Bart, 68, Songwriter - Created the Musical 'Oliver ... Lionel Bart, 68, Songwriter; Created the Musical 'Oliver!' - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Theater |Lionel Bart, 68, Songwriter; Created the Musical 'Oliver!' [PAR] Search [PAR] Lionel Bart, the composer, lyricist and playwright best known for the musical ''Oliver!,'' died on Saturday in Hammersmith Hospital in London, his longtime hometown. He was 68. [PAR] The cause was cancer, his family said. [PAR] Although Mr. Bart was frustrated in his efforts to repeat his early success with ''Oliver!,'' the play based on Charles Dickens's 1838 novel ''Oliver Twist'' was a huge hit. It was welcomed by theatergoers in London in 1960, on Broadway two years later and in repeated revivals, including one currently running in Birmingham, England. [PAR] Mr. Bart wrote the music, lyrics and book for ''Oliver!'' The show has been applauded for its simple melodies and catchy lyrics; the British critic Benedict Nightingale has called it ''infinitely hummable.'' [PAR] Several of the show's songs became popular standards, including ''As Long as He Needs Me'' and ''Consider Yourself.'' [PAR] The original London production of ''Oliver!'' ran for 2,618 performances and was one of the most successful musicals in London stage history. Mr. Bart became instrumental in restoring luster to Britain's musical theater in an era when American musicals had won primacy in the West End. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Upon learning of his death, Lord Lloyd Webber called Mr. Bart ''the father of the modern British musical.'' [PAR] ''Oliver!'' was a huge success in the United States. But when it opened in 1963 at the Imperial Theater in New York, Howard Taubman gave it a mixed review in The New York Times, saying parts of it had ''natural sweetness'' and ''style and quality,'' but ''too often it settles for stridency, smoke, easy laughs and facile show-business razzmatazz.'' [PAR] Mr. Bart won a Tony Award for the show's music and lyrics. [PAR] ''Oliver!'' was made into a 1968 British film that won Oscars for best picture, director (Carol Reed), art direction and scoring, and in two other categories, along with a special prize for its choreography. In The Times, however, Vincent Canby was less than enthusiastic. He said the Dickens material was ''overwhelmed by this kind of big song-and-dance show,'' and he found that Mr. Bart's songs interrupted the narrative. [PAR] Over the years Mr. Bart also wrote songs for rock and pop singers and he wrote the theme for the 1963 James Bond movie ''From Russia With Love.'' [PAR] Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. [PAR] Invalid email address. Please re-enter. [PAR] You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. [PAR] Sign Up [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] For a time in the 1960's he had glamorous friends and acquired homes in New York, Malibu, Tangier and elsewhere. But The Sunday Telegraph reported in yesterday's issue that ''following a string of less well-received shows, 'Blitz!' (1962) and 'Maggie May' (1964) and the total failure of 'Twang!' in 1965, he began a decline into alcohol and drug problems, which lasted for much of the 70's and 80's.'' [PAR] Also during the 1960's Mr. Bart misguidedly signed away his rights to ''Oliver!'' and other properties, partly to finance ''Twang!'' [PAR] In a 1986 interview he said, ''If I hadn't pretended to be such a genius child, I would have paid more attention.'' He filed for bankruptcy in 1972 after a run of bad luck with stage ventures. [PAR] Mr. Bart was the son of an tailor in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Xingu River | International Rivers Xingu River | International Rivers [PAR] Portugu\u00eas [PAR] The Xingu River flows from the tropical savanna of central Mato Grosso, Brazil northward to the Amazon for 1,979 km (1,230 miles). Some 25,000 indigenous people from 18 distinct ethnic groups live along the Xingu. In 1989, an international mobilization led by the Kayap\u00f3 Indians stopped state-owned electric company Eletronorte\u00b4s plans to construct a six-dam complex on the Xingu and its tributary, the Iriri. [PAR] Map of the Rivers of the Amazon [PAR] Wikipedia Commons [PAR] Now, Brazil is planning the construction of a huge dam on the Xingu River, called Belo Monte . Belo Monte would be the third-largest hydroelectric project in the world and would require diverting nearly the entire flow of the Xingu through two artificial canals to the dam's powerhouse, leaving indigenous communities along a 100 km stretch of the Xingu\u00b4s Big Bend without water, fish, or a means of river transport. [PAR] The Belo Monte Dam would cause severe impacts to indigenous villages and areas considered of extreme importance for conservation of biodiversity, as well as irreversible impacts to the Xingu\u00b4s fish stocks. [PAR] More information: [PAR] Read our latest factsheet on the Belo Monte Dam Project [PAR] Visit the website of Movimento Xingu Vivo para Sempre , leader of the campaign against Belo Monte in Brazil (in Portuguese) [PAR] Heart of Brazil Expedition , photo gallery and blog on the Xingu by Sue and Patrick Cunningham [PAR] Visit our interactive Dams in Amazonia database to see planned dams for the Amazon Basin [PAR] Latest additions:[DOC] [TLE] South America - World Culture Encyclopedia South America [PAR] South America [PAR] Aguaruna [PAR] The 25,000 to 30,000 Aguaruna Indians live in dispersed settlements along the Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Nieve, Potro, Mayo, Cahuapanas, Cenepa, and Santiago rivers and their tributaries, at an elevations of 200 to 1,000 meters, in Peru. Early in the twentieth century, they were found on the right bank of the R\u00edo Mara\u00f1\u00f3n between the Nieve and Apaga rivers (5\u00b0 S, 78\u00b0 W). [PAR] Angait\u00e9 [PAR] The 2,400 Angait\u00e9 Indians live in the Gran Chaco area of Paraguay, especially between the Trans-Chaco Highway and the R\u00edo Paraguay, and between the Montelindo and San Carlos rivers in the department of Boquer\u00f3n. Specifically, they live in the towns of Puerto Casado, San Carlos, Colonia 3, Juan de Salazar, Makthlawaiya-Anglican Mission, and the estancias (cattle ranches) of Guaj\u00f3, Cerrito, San Pedro, and Tuparand\u00e1. [PAR] Asurini [PAR] All the Asurini do Tocantins at present live on a reservation on the lower Tocantins river near the town of Tucurui in Par\u00e1 State, Brazil. When they came into contact with Brazil-nut collectors in the early twentieth century, the Asurini do Tocantins lived in the region between the Tocantins and the Rio Pacaj\u00e1, a tributary of the Xingu. [PAR] Aw\u00e1 Kwaiker [PAR] Identification The name \"Kwaiker\" was imposed by Spanish conquistadors and missionaries, who named the group for the river where they were discovered. They call themselves \"Aw\u00e1,\" which means \"people.\" They may further identify themselves as \"Inkal,\" which means \"mountain\" or \"jungle\" (i.e., \"mountain people\"), thus differentiating themselves from the Blacks of the coast, \"Ijakta Aw\u00e1,\" and Whites, \"Wisha Aw\u00e1.\" Since the name \"Aw\u00e1\" has only recently been introduced, both names are used to avoid confusion. [PAR] Baniwa-Curripaco-Wakuenai [PAR] Identification. The name \"Baniwa\" is a lingua geral (the old trade language of Jesuit missionaries spoken throughout the northwestern Amazon) term used since early colonial times to refer to the Arawak speakers of the Rio I\u00e7ana and its tributaries in northwestern Amazon, Brazil \"Curripaco\" refers to one of five"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Garfield | whitehouse.gov James Garfield | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] James Garfield [PAR] James Garfield was elected as the United States' 20th President in 1881, after nine terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. His Presidency was impactful, but cut short after 200 days when he was assassinated. [PAR] As the last of the log cabin Presidents, James A. Garfield attacked political corruption and won back for the Presidency a measure of prestige it had lost during the Reconstruction period. [PAR] He was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1831. Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an education. He was graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1856, and he returned to the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (later Hiram College) in Ohio as a classics professor. Within a year he was made its president. [PAR] Garfield was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859 as a Republican. During the secession crisis, he advocated coercing the seceding states back into the Union. [PAR] In 1862, when Union military victories had been few, he successfully led a brigade at Middle Creek, Kentucky, against Confederate troops. At 31, Garfield became a brigadier general, two years later a major general of volunteers. [PAR] Meanwhile, in 1862, Ohioans elected him to Congress. President Lincoln persuaded him to resign his commission: It was easier to find major generals than to obtain effective Republicans for Congress. Garfield repeatedly won re-election for 18 years, and became the leading Republican in the House. [PAR] At the 1880 Republican Convention, Garfield failed to win the Presidential nomination for his friend John Sherman. Finally, on the 36th ballot, Garfield himself became the \"dark horse\" nominee. [PAR] By a margin of only 10,000 popular votes, Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee, Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. [PAR] As President, Garfield strengthened Federal authority over the New York Customs House, stronghold of Senator Roscoe Conkling, who was leader of the Stalwart Republicans and dispenser of patronage in New York. When Garfield submitted to the Senate a list of appointments including many of Conkling's friends, he named Conkling's arch-rival William H. Robertson to run the Customs House. Conkling contested the nomination, tried to persuade the Senate to block it, and appealed to the Republican caucus to compel its withdrawal. [PAR] But Garfield would not submit: \"This...will settle the question whether the President is registering clerk of the Senate or the Executive of the United States.... shall the principal port of entry ... be under the control of the administration or under the local control of a factional senator.\" [PAR] Conkling maneuvered to have the Senate confirm Garfield's uncontested nominations and adjourn without acting on Robertson. Garfield countered by withdrawing all nominations except Robertson's; the Senators would have to confirm him or sacrifice all the appointments of Conkling's friends. [PAR] In a final desperate move, Conkling and his fellow-Senator from New York resigned, confident that their legislature would vindicate their stand and re-elect them. Instead, the legislature elected two other men; the Senate confirmed Robertson. Garfield's victory was complete. [PAR] In foreign affairs, Garfield's Secretary of State invited all American republics to a conference to meet in Washington in 1882. But the conference never took place. On July 2, 1881, in a Washington railroad station, an embittered attorney who had sought a consular post shot the President. [PAR] Mortally wounded, Garfield lay in the White House for weeks. Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, tried unsuccessfully to find the bullet with an induction-balance electrical device which he had designed. On September 6, Garfield"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zakumi continues mascot tradition - FIFA.com Zakumi continues mascot tradition - FIFA.com [PAR] 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa\u2122 [PAR] Zakumi continues mascot tradition [PAR] Listen [PAR] A ball has yet to be kicked at the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa\u2122, but it already has its first star. Zakumi has been a huge hit since being unveiled as the tournament's Official Mascot in September 2008 and, whatever happens on the field, he is sure to add to the occasion with his effervescent personality. This lively leopard is also continuing a colourful tradition of FIFA World Cup mascots that began 44 years ago and has yielded some memorable characters in the decades since. FIFA.com looks back. [PAR] England 1966: World Cup Willie [PAR] The original and, for many, still the best FIFA World Cup mascot, England\u2019s lion \u2013 wearing a Union Jack jersey with \u2018WORLD CUP\u2019 emblazoned on the front - provided a traditional symbol of the 1966 hosts. World Cup Willie\u2019s success ensured that he became a pioneer for mascots at major sporting events, setting the standard for his many successors. [PAR] Mexico 1970: Juanito [PAR] Following in Willie\u2019s footsteps was Juanito, a boy decked out in a \u2018Mexico 1970\u2019 sombrero and the hosts\u2019 famous green shirt. He provided a fittingly vibrant mascot for the first FIFA World Cup broadcast in colour. [PAR] West Germany 1974: Tip and Tap [PAR] The 1974 hosts followed a similar theme, kitting out two boys in the hosts\u2019 white shirts, one emblazoned with the letters WM (Weltmeisterschaft, German for World Cup) and the other with the number 74. Tip and Tap offered an image of togetherness and friendship that was to be repeated 32 years later. [PAR] Argentina 1978: Gauchito [PAR] For the third tournament in succession, organisers opted for the image of an enthusiastic young boy, with Gauchito again sporting the hosts\u2019 iconic kit. His hat carried the words \u2018ARGENTINA 78\u2019 and he also wore a hankerchief and carried a whip, typical guacho symbols. [PAR] Spain 1982: Naranjito [PAR] There was a fruity them to Spain\u2019s 1982 mascot, with Naranjito taking the form of an orange. Again, he was resplendent in his national team\u2019s kit and also wore an especially wide grin. [PAR] Mexico 1986: Pique [PAR] Mexico\u2019s return as hosts also brought about a comeback for the sombrero, although this time it was not worn by a boy, but a giant chili pepper. Pique, who also sported a stereotypically Mexican moustache, also continued the theme of fruit and vegetables started by Naranjito. [PAR] Italy 1990: Ciao [PAR] The 1990 edition heralded a significant departure from tradition as Italy ditched the mascot\u2019s traditionally \u2018cuddly\u2019 form for a more modern structure. Ciao \u2013 named, of course, after the Italian greeting \u2013 was also the first and, to date, only mascot without a face, with designers opting instead for a stick figure in the colours of the Italian tricolour with a football for a head. [PAR] USA 1994: Stryker [PAR] There was another revolutionary development in 1994, when the US public voted for their tournament\u2019s mascot. Their choice was Stryker, a dog kitted out in the hosts\u2019 red white and blue with the competition logo displayed on his shirt. [PAR] France 1998: Footix [PAR] In 1998, France returned to World Cup Willie\u2019s by opting for a recognised national emblem in the shape of a traditional Gallic rooster. One of the more colourful mascots to date, Footix\u2019s bold blue body, red head and bright yellow beak made him a colourful addition to a memorable tournament. [PAR] Korea/Japan 2002: Ant, Kaz and Nik [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Angles - Free Math Help Types of Angles - Free Math Help [PAR] All About Angles [PAR] Types of Angles [PAR] You've certainly used the word \"angle\" in common life, but it also has an important meaning in mathematics. One subject you'll want to be familiar with is the different types, or classifications, of angles, determined by the measure of the angle. This page is a simple, easy-to-follow beginner's guide to the different types of angles. [PAR] Three Main Types of Angles [PAR] Acute - any angle which measures less than 90 degrees. These angles appear \"sharp,\" like the blade on a knife. [PAR] Example: The angle ABC measures 40 degrees. Angle ABC is acute. [PAR] Right - any angle which measures exactly 90 degrees. These are like the edges of a wooden block. [PAR] Sample: The angle CAT measures 90 degrees. The angle CAT is a right angle. [PAR] Obtuse - any angle which measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees. These are \"fat\" angles that are very wide. [PAR] Sample: angle DEF measures 125 degrees. Then angle DEF is obtuse. [PAR] Special Case [PAR] Straight - any angle which measures exactly 180 degrees. This isn't even really an angle... it's just a straight line! [PAR] Sample: Points ABC lie on line L forming a STRAIGHT LINE. Then line L is a straight line. [PAR] Relationships between several angles [PAR] Vertical Angles - Two angles formed by intersecting lines. They can not be adjacent but are always equal in measure. They are across from one another in the corners of the \"X\" formed by the lines. [PAR] In the above picture, angles 1 and 3 and angles 2 and 4 are vertical because they are across from each other. Now, angles 1 and 2 and angles 3 and 4 are NOT vertical angles. [PAR] Complementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees. [PAR] Sample: angle A = 30 degrees and and angle B = 60 degrees. [PAR] Then angle A + angle B = 90 degrees. We can say angles A and B are complementary. [PAR] Supplementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees. Supplementary angles can be placed so that they form a straight line. [PAR] Sample: angle A = 80 degrees and angle B = 100 degrees. Then angle A + angle B = 180 degrees. We can say that angles A and B are supplementary. [PAR] \u00a9 2016 Free Math Help. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right - Math is Fun Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right [PAR] Angles [PAR] An angle measures the amount of turn [PAR] Names of Angles [PAR] As the Angle Increases, the Name Changes: [PAR] Type of Angle [PAR] an angle that is greater than 90\u00b0 but [PAR] less than 180\u00b0 [PAR] an angle that is greater than 180\u00b0 [PAR] Try It Yourself: [PAR] This diagram might make it easier to remember: [PAR] Also: Acute, Obtuse and Reflex are in alphabetical order. [PAR] Also: the letter \"A\" has an acute angle. [PAR] Be Careful What You Measure [PAR] This is an Obtuse Angle [PAR] And this is a Reflex Angle [PAR] [PAR] But the lines are the same ... so when naming the angles make sure [PAR] that you know which angle is being asked for! [PAR] Positive and Negative Angles [PAR] When measuring from a line: [PAR] a positive angle goes counterclockwise (opposite direction that clocks go) [PAR] a negative angle goes clockwise [PAR] Example: \u221267\u00b0 [PAR] The corner"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil Currency, Brazilian Currency - Maps of World Brazil Currency, Brazilian Currency [PAR] Sao Paulo Metro Map [PAR] Brazil Currency [PAR] The unit of money or Brazil currency South America is Real (BRL). In 1500, the Portuguese established their colony in Brazil (then known as New World) and introduced the 'Real' currency . [PAR] However the first official currency that was distributed everywhere bearing the 'Real'name was originally printed in the year 1654 by the Dutch when they occupied the Northeastern part of Brazil. Real became the official currency of Brazil in 1690 and since then its official status remained intact till 1942. Only in 1942, the currency named Cruzeiro replaced real. The currency rate was 1000 reis = 1 cruzeiro. [PAR] In the 1980s and 1990s, Brazil went through a period of high inflation and hence this South American nation had to change its currency numerous times. Until 1986, the Brazilians dealt with Cruzeiros . In that year three zeros were removed and the currency was changed to Cruzado . [PAR] After a couple of years another three zeros were removed and the 'new cruzados'-(Cruzados Novos) were introduced to the people of Brazil. In 1990, the Cruzeiros once again were in vogue after replacing Cruzados Novos . Finally another three zeros were reduced and the currency came to be known as Cruzeiros Reais. [PAR] In 1994, with the implementation of the new financial plan, the new currency Real was launched. Thus after a long time the currency of Brazil was stabilized. [PAR] Brazil Currency(Real) consists of Bills ranging from- R$1, R$2, R$5, R$10, R$20, R$50 and R$100. Coins are also available in varied colors and sizes with value ranging from 1 cent, 5 cents, 10 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents and also 1 Real. Previously the Bills had images of Historical characters, but at present the images of Brazilian animals are illustrated on the bills. The female character at one side of the bill represents Brazil as a Republic. [PAR] Brazil doesn't allow tourists or travelers to use foreign currency bills and traveler checks are curtailed. Travelers have to exchange the currency before payment of bills."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jacob \u201cBaby Jake\u201d Matlala | South African History Online Jacob \u201cBaby Jake\u201d Matlala | South African History Online [PAR] South African History Online [PAR] Home \u00bb Biographies \u00bb Jacob \u201cBaby Jake\u201d Matlala [PAR] Jacob \u201cBaby Jake\u201d Matlala [PAR] Posted by Anonymous (not verified) on [PAR] People category: [PAR] Four-time world flyweight boxing champion. [PAR] First name: [PAR] Date of death: [PAR] 7 December 2013 [PAR] Jacob Matlala was born in 1962 in Meadowlands, Johannesburg. At the age of 10 he started going to the gymnasium with his father who was an aspiring boxer. Matlala was so passionate about boxing that he decided to turn professional in 1979. [PAR] Matlala began his boxing career on 2 February 1980 with a fourth-round victory over Fraser Plaatjie in Port Elizabeth under the guidance of Theo Mthembu. It only took him four contests to become South African Junior Flyweight Champion. Vuyani Nene later dethroned him for the title. Between 1986 and 1988 he suffered four successive defeats against Vuyani Nene. The pint-sized boxer fought Davie McCauley for the International Boxing Federation (IBF) flyweight title in Belfast, Ireland and failed in his attempt, suffering a 10th round knockout. He finally succeeded when he defeated Pat Clinton in his hometown Glasgow for the World Boxing Organisation (WBO) flyweight title. He surrendered his title to Alberto Jiminez who stopped him in the 10th round in Hammanskraal. [PAR] On 19 July 1997 against all odds, Matlala defeated Michael Carbajal in Las Vegas, USA for the International Boxing Association (IBA) flyweight title. He later relinquished it to challenge Hawk Makepula for the vacant WBO junior flyweight title. The fight ended in disappointment for Matlala, who lost. For the second time in his career he suffered two defeats in succession when his former sparring partner, Peter Culshaw defeated him on points for the World Boxing Union (WBU) flyweight title. In February 1999 Matlala claimed the vacant WBU flyweight title. In 1999 a scandal surfaced that Matlala had allegedly raped Julia Mnyamezeli, an aspiring gospel singer and family friend of his. It was also alleged that Julia and her husband demanded 2 million rands for damages and emotional trauma they suffered only for the figure to be reduced by his business manager Rodney Berman to R250 000. [PAR] Matlala ended his 30-year boxing career at Carnival City, Brakpan by stopping Colombian Juan Herrera for the WBU junior flyweight title in the seventh round. In so doing Matlala became the only South African boxer to have won four world titles in a career of 27 stoppages, 54 wins, 12 losses and 2 draws. The ultimate honour bestowed on the boxer was the arrival of Nelson Mandela and Will Smith (American Actor) at ringside mid-way through his farewell fight. Matlala after the fight was so overwhelmed that he decided to present his WBU belt to Nelson Mandela. [PAR] Today Matlala is a businessman, motivational speaker and often takes part in charity events to raise funds for the needy and those living with HIV/Aids. He also holds a B.com degree from Unisa. After his retirement Matlala promised to help unearth and nurture talent in the township, something he kept. [PAR] Matlala currently stays in Johannesburg with his wife Mapule their two children. [PAR] References:[DOC] [TLE] Jacob Matlala, SA junior flyweight, wins the WBO world ... Jacob Matlala, SA junior flyweight, wins the WBO world champion title | South African History Online [PAR] South African History Online [PAR] Home \u00bb Jacob Matlala, SA junior flyweight, wins the WBO world champion title [PAR] Jacob Matlala, SA junior flyweight, wins the WBO world champion title"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] State Nicknames Hawaii - Maryland - 50 States State Nicknames Hawaii - Maryland [PAR] Hawaii became officially known as the \u0093Aloha State\u0094 by a 1959 legislative act. Haw. Rev. Stat. 5-7 [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Idaho [PAR] In 1863, Congress designated the Idaho Territory with the erroneous understanding that Idaho was a Shoshone word meaning Gem of the Mountains. In spite of the misunderstanding concerning the origin of the name the state continues to be known as the \u0093Gem State\u0094 and the \u0093Gem of the Mountains\u0094. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Known unofficially as the \u0093Prairie State\u0094, a fitting nickname for a state that sets aside the third full week in September each year as Illinois Prairie Week to demonstrate the value of preserving and reestablishing native Illinois prairies. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Indiana [PAR] \u0093Hoosier State\u0094 came into general usage in the 1830s. John Finley of Richmond wrote a poem, \"The Hoosier's Nest,\" which was used as the \"Carrier's Address\" of the Indianapolis Journal, Jan. 1, 1833. It was widely copied throughout the country and even abroad. A few days later, on January 8, 1833, at the Jackson Day dinner at Indianapolis, John W. Davis offered \"The Hoosier State of Indiana\" as a toast. And in August, former Indiana governor James B. Ray announced that he intended to publish a newspaper, The Hoosier, at Greencastle, Indiana. [PAR] The \u0093Hawkeye State\u0094 was first suggested by James G. Edwars as a tribute to indian leader Chief Black Hawk. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] The nickname \u0093Sunflower State\u0094 calls to mind the wild flowers of the plains of Kansas and the officially recognized state flower. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Kentucky [PAR] Bluegrass is not really blue--it's green--but in the spring, bluegrass produces bluish-purple buds that when seen in large fields give a rich blue cast to the grass. Early pioneers found bluegrass growing on Kentucky's rich limestone soil, and traders began asking for the seed of the \"blue grass from Kentucky.\" The name stuck and today Kentucky is known as the \u0093Bluegrass State\u0094.[DOC] [TLE] The State of Idaho - An Introduction to the Gem State from ... The State of Idaho - An Introduction to the Gem State from NETSTATE.COM [PAR] The State of Idaho [PAR] Late Afternoon - Sawtooth National Recreation Area [PAR] Welcome to Idaho, a land of rugged beauty and millions of acres of wilderness. With a landscape that ranges from subalpine to desert, granite mountains to fertile farms, lakes and waterfalls to canyons and gorges, Idaho is a study in geographic diversity. Hell's Canyon, at 7900 feet, is the deepest canyon in North America, deeper even than the Grand Canyon. And the Shoshone Falls, on the Snake River, are higher than Niagara Falls. [PAR] The Idaho potato is known around the globe, and two thirds of all the processed potatoes produced in the United States are grown in Idaho. [PAR] Idaho has the greatest stand of white pine trees in the country. [PAR] The state is first in the country in production of silver. In addition to silver mining, gold, lead, zinc, and copper are all produced in Idaho. [PAR] [PAR] THE STATE NAME: [PAR] Idaho was first presented to Congress, by mining lobbyist George M. Willing, as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kaguya | Japanese space probe | Britannica.com Kaguya | Japanese space probe | Britannica.com [PAR] Japanese space probe [PAR] Alternative Titles: Selene, Selenological and Engineering Explorer [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] moon (natural satellite) [PAR] Kaguya, Japan\u2019s second unmanned mission to the Moon , launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in September 2007. Its proper name, Selene (Selenological and Engineering Explorer), was derived from the ancient Greek goddess of the Moon . Kaguya, chosen from among many suggestions received from the Japanese public, is the name of a legendary princess who spurns earthly suitors and returns to the Moon. Kaguya comprised three spacecraft launched together and then deployed once in lunar orbit: the Selene orbiter proper, the Ouna (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) Radio (VRAD) satellite, and the Okina radio relay satellite. (Okina and Ouna are the elderly couple who adopt Kaguya in the legend.) [PAR] Artist\u2019s conception of the Kaguya mission\u2019s Selene spacecraft in orbit around the Moon. [PAR] JAXA [PAR] Kaguya was launched into Earth orbit on Sept. 14, 2007, from the Tanegashima Space Center on Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima prefecture. Following two maneuvers, it entered a translunar injection orbit that lasted almost five days. Before Kaguya entered lunar orbit, Okina and then Ouna were released into elliptical polar orbits. The main 1,984-kg (4,374-pound) spacecraft then entered a circular polar orbit roughly 100 km (60 miles) high. Operations started on Oct. 20, 2007. Okina and Ouna were used to ensure continuous communication between Earth and Selene and to help map gravity variations in the Moon as mass variations accelerated and decelerated the craft, thus causing the frequency of Okina and Ouna\u2019s radio signals to shift according to the Doppler effect . Okina crashed into the Moon on Feb. 12, 2009. Selene\u2019s orbit was lowered to 50 km (30 miles) in Februrary 2009 and again to 10 km (6 miles) in April 2009. It was crashed into the Moon on June 10, 2009. [PAR] The three spacecraft supported 13 scientific experiments. The most notable was a high-definition television (HDTV) camera with wide-angle and telephoto lenses and 2.2-megapixel imagers. Early in the mission it returned stunning images of Earth rising above the lunar horizon. Selene had three other major scientific imaging experiments that had resolutions as small as 10 metres (33 feet) at the lunar surface and covered wavelengths from the visible through the near-infrared. One of these experiments, the Terrain Camera, had forward- and aft-looking components for stereo imaging. Other instruments measured particles, magnetic fields, and radiation scattered back into space (in order to assay the surface chemistry). [PAR] Earthrise over the Moon, taken by the high-definition television (HDTV) camera on board the Selene \u2026 [PAR] JAXA/NHK[DOC] [TLE] JAXA | SELenological and ENgineering Explorer \"KAGUYA ... JAXA | SELenological and ENgineering Explorer \"KAGUYA\" (SELENE) [PAR] Nov. 2, 2009 Updated [PAR] Public release of KAGUYA data [PAR] JAXA started to provide data acquired by the lunar explorer \"KAGUYA\" (SELENE) (L2 products) during its regular operation phase (from December 21, 2007, to October 31, 2008) to the public through the Internet. [PAR] The \"KAGUYA 3D Moon NAVI\" service, through which you can see KAGUYA data using a three-dimension geographic information system (WebGIS) via the Internet, has also commenced. The service enables you to enjoy KAGUYA's images and data in a more lively manner with a 3D map indicator function. [PAR] With this service, we expect to further promote scientific research on the moon as well as conduct a feasibility study of the moon's use by both domestic and overseas researchers apart from KAGUYA observation device team members. We continue to work"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cholecystitis - Symptoms, Causes, Treatments Cholecystitis - Symptoms, Causes, Treatments [PAR] Cholecystitis [PAR] Treatments [PAR] What is cholecystitis? [PAR] Cholecystitis is the medical name for inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder assists in the digestive process by storing and releasing the substance called bile into the small intestine, which helps break down food. Cholecystitis is most often the result of an obstruction within a duct in the gallbladder. Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are the most common cause of obstruction within the gallbladder. Left untreated, the inflammation may lead to infection. Other less common causes of cholecystitis include infection, injury and tumors. [PAR] Inflammation of the gallbladder is a common disease in the United States. The disease is more common in women than in men, and it occurs most frequently after the age of 40. There are two types of cholecystitis: acute, which comes on suddenly, and chronic, which is longstanding and persistent. Gallstones are the most common cause for both types. Recurrent episodes of gallstones lead to thickening of the gallbladder wall and make the gallbladder less effective at removing bile and other substances. Ultimately, the condition may become chronic. [PAR] Looking for a Doctor? [PAR] Search Now [PAR] Find a Gastroenterologist Near You [PAR] The signs and symptoms of cholecystitis can come and go or remain constant. The disease course varies among individuals. Some people with cholecystitis have no symptoms at all, while others may have severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and blockage of the bile ducts that may lead to infection. [PAR] 8 Foods That Aid Digestion [PAR] Here's what you can eat help keep your digestive tract healthy and happy. [PAR] Acute gallstone attacks can be managed with intravenous medications. If repeated episodes occur and lead to chronic cholecystitis, the preferred treatment is surgical removal of the gallbladder. Although not everyone is able to prevent gallstone formation and cholecystitis, you may be able to reduce your risk by following a healthy, low-cholesterol diet. [PAR] Left untreated, cholecystitis can lead to serious complications, such as tissue damage, tears in the gallbladder, and infection that spreads to other parts of the body. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) for serious symptoms such as high fever (higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit), severe abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, and nausea with or without vomiting. [PAR] Seek prompt medical care if you are being treated for cholecystitis but your symptoms persist, recur, or cause you concern. [PAR] SPONSORED"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Italian Easter Colomba Pasquale Cake Recipe - YouTube Italian Easter Colomba Pasquale Cake Recipe - YouTube [PAR] Italian Easter Colomba Pasquale Cake Recipe [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 15, 2016 [PAR] Easter in Italy will not be without the lovely yummy cake (Colomba Pasquale) in form of a dove, an Easter dove symbolizing both peace and the Holy Spirit, has turned into the state of the well known traditional Easter cake, Colomba Pasquale (Easter Dove), a great dessert at any Easter feast in Italy. Here is the quick recipe ( from http://blog.vorrei.co.uk ) for our Italian Food Lovers! [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Colomba and Other Italian Easter Traditions - ItaLingua Colomba and Other Italian Easter Traditions - ItaLingua [PAR] ItaLingua [PAR] View Blog [PAR] While you probably won't see the Easter bunny if you're in Italy for Easter, you will find some interesting Italian Easter celebrations. Like all holidays in Italy, Easter, Pasqua in Italian, has its share of rituals and traditions. [PAR] Food plays a big part in the celebrations. Traditional Easter foods include lamb or goat, artichokes, and special Easter breads that vary from region to region. Colomba Pasquale, is often given as gift to friends and relatives. [PAR] Colomba is an Italian sweet bread, somewhat similar to the Panettone, and it is baked only for the Easter. Shaped like a dove, the bread is glazed and covered with crystallized sugar and unpeeled almonds. Hence the name, Colomba (meaning dove) and Pasquale (meaning Easter). [PAR] [PAR] There are some stories about the origin of this bread. According to Denverpost.com , \"Colomba's history can be traced to Milan and the victory of Legnano, in 1176, when cities of the Lombard League defeated Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who was intent on capturing Italy for the Holy Roman Empire. It is said that two doves, symbolizing the Holy Ghost, appeared on the altar of the chariot carrying the battle standards and that the colomba commemorates that event and victory - an example of the role of food in history and food as history.\" [PAR] [PAR] But the real origin of this sweet is more recent. In the 30\u2019s Dino Villani , working for Motta , an industry from Milano also famous for its Chritmas Panettoni, devised a sweet similar to Panettone to be produced with the same machine and to be sold it during the Easter. [PAR] Since then, Colomba appared on the table of every Italian. [PAR] [PAR] While Easter is a joyous celebration, solemn religious processions are held in many towns on the Friday (venerd\u00ec santo) before Easter and sometimes on Easter Sunday. Many churches have special statues of the Virgin and Jesus that play a big part in the processions. The statues may be paraded through the city or displayed in the main square. Parade participants are often dressed in traditional costumes. Olive branches are often used instead of or along with palm fronds in the processions and to decorate churches. Enna , in Sicily, has a large procession on Good Friday, with more than 2,000 friars dressed in ancient costumes walking through the streets of the city. Their Good Friday procession is 24 hours long. What's believed to be the oldest Good Friday procession in Italy is in Chieti , during which Selecchy's Miserere is played"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meticals - definition of Meticals by The Free Dictionary Meticals - definition of Meticals by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Meticals - definition of Meticals by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Meticals [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Financial . [PAR] Related to Meticals: meticais [PAR] n. pl. met\u00b7i\u00b7cais (-k\u012bsh\u2032) [PAR] See Table at currency . [PAR] [Portuguese, from Arabic mitq\u0101l, colloquial variant of mi\u1e6fq\u0101l, a unit of weight, from \u1e6faqula, to be heavy; see \u1e6fql in the Appendix of Semitic roots.] [PAR] metical [PAR] (Currencies) the standard money unit in Mozambique which consists of 100 centavos [PAR] me\u2022ti\u2022cal [PAR] n., pl. -cals, -cais (-\u02ccka\u026a\u0283) [PAR] the basic monetary unit of Mozambique. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] metical - the basic unit of money in Mozambique; equal to 100 centavos [PAR] centavo - a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal[DOC] [TLE] Meticais synonyms, meticais antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com Meticais synonyms, meticais antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com [PAR] Meticais synonyms, meticais antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com [PAR] http://www.freethesaurus.com/meticais [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Financial . [PAR] Related to meticais: metical [PAR] the basic unit of money in Mozambique [PAR] Related Words [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Write what you mean clearly and correctly. [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] 64 billion meticais, and we found a reduction in the number of purchases made without tenders, and the accounts are well organized [PAR] Mozambique : MOZAMBIQUE Health Ministry battle against larceny of Medicines [PAR] The most preferred currencies were meticais, rands and US dollars. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2016 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chanel - Perfume Society Chanel - Perfume Society [PAR] back [PAR] Chanel [PAR] When couturier Gabrielle \u2018Coco\u2019 Chanel launched her debut perfume No. 5, in 1921, it changed the whole world of fragrance. Perfumer Ernest Beaux produced a portfolio of samples for Mademoiselle to try \u2013 and she chose the fifth proposal. So No. 5 was born \u2013 and has since gone on to become the most recognised name in perfumery, worldwide. [PAR] What set Chanel No. 5 apart from the fragrances of the time \u2013 mostly flowery scents swirling with jasmine, lilac and rose \u2013 was its more \u2018abstract\u2019 construction, and the generous use of aldehydes, which have become known for giving fragrance a champagne-like sparkle when you smell them. It was nothing less than a revolution. Legend has it that Ernest Beaux (or maybe his lab assistant) put an \u2018overdose\u2019 of aldehydes in the bottle \u2013 we\u2019ll never know if it was accident, or design \u2013 but Chanel was seduced. And the rest, literally, is fragrance history. [PAR] Ernest Beaux remained the brand\u2019s exclusive perfume designer, or \u2018nose\u2019, right up until 1952, creating further landmark scents including Chanel No. 22, and a trio of fragrances which now appear in Chanel\u2018s Les Exclusifs line: Cuir de Russie, Gard\u00e9nia and Bois des \u00celes. [PAR] The story of Chanel herself has become part of legend. After growing up in an orphanage, Gabrielle Chanel \u2013 born on 19th August 1883, in Saumur \u2013 went on to open her first Paris shop \u2013 selling hats \u2013 in 1910, at 21 Rue Cambon. She made her name selling clothes that were not just beautiful and stylish, but comfortable, freeing women from tight corsetry through her innovative use of tweed and jersey, tailored with a nod to men\u2019s clothing \u2013 including trousers. She\u2019s also widely credited as first to introduce that essential in a woman\u2019s wardrobe: \u2018The Little Black Dress\u2019. [PAR] A Chanel suit or a handbag is still a \u2018landmark\u2019 purchase, for countless women around the world, and the interlocking Cs of Coco Chanel have become the ultimate, spot-it-at-100 paces brand insignia. Chanel wasn\u2019t content just to put that stamp on fashionable clothing, but also desirable jewellery (fine jewellery and fabulous faux), and every accessory a woman could dream of. (If you\u2019d like to read the full history of Chanel, we can\u2019t recommend Justine Picardie\u2019s book Coco Chanel: The Legend and the Life, too highly; find it here on Amazon.) [PAR] In addition to her work with haute couture and ready-to-wear, Chanel also designed costumes for plays (Cocteau\u2019s Antigone, in 1923), and movies, including Renoir\u2019s La R\u00e8gle de Jeu. The clothes \u2013 and the fragrances \u2013 have been loved and worn by stars all over the world, though perhaps Chanel\u2019s most famous endorsement of all was from Marilyn Monroe, who in 1960 breathlessly proclaimed: \u2018What do I wear in bed? Why, Chanel No. 5, of course\u2026\u2019 [PAR] Chanel\u2018s first men\u2019s fragrance \u2013 Chanel Pour Monsieur \u2013 was introduced in 1995, created by Henri Robert, who took over from Ernest Beaux as in-house perfumer. He also created No. 19 \u2013 named for Chanel\u2019s birthday \u2013 which was initially reserved for special friends and clients. Coco Chanel died on 10th January 1971 in Paris, on the eve of presenting her latest collection \u2013 and later that year, the rest of us were able to enjoy this floral-green masterpiece. A new era in Chanel\u2018s perfume history was born \u2013 a wave of creativity that continues to this day. In 1974, Cristalle was unveiled: Chanel\u2018s freshest scent yet. In 1979, Jacques Polge became Chanel\u2018s third perfume"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An affair to remember | The Economist An affair to remember | The Economist [PAR] The Suez crisis [PAR] An affair to remember [PAR] The Suez crisis of 50 years ago marked the end of an era, and the start of another, for Europe, America and the Middle East [PAR] Jul 27th 2006 [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Corbis [PAR] ON JULY 26th 1956 Gamal Abdul Nasser, president of Egypt, addressed a huge crowd in the city of Alexandria. Broad-shouldered, handsome and passionate, Nasser stunned even this gathering of enthusiastic supporters with the vehemence of his diatribe against British imperialism. Britain had ruled Egypt, one way or another, from 1882 to 1922, when the protectorate gained nominal independence, and continued to influence Egyptian affairs thereafter, maintaining troops there and propping up the decadent monarchy overthrown by Nasser in 1952. [PAR] In that speech in Alexandria, though, Nasser chose to delve back even further into history, in a long digression on the building of the Suez canal a century earlier. That gave him the chance to mention the name of the Frenchman who had built the canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps. This he did at least 13 times. \u201cDe Lesseps\u201d, it turned out, was the codeword for the Egyptian army to start the seizure, and nationalisation, of the canal. It also launched the start of a new era in the politics of Europe, the Middle East and America. [PAR] The Suez crisis, as the events of the following months came to be called, marked the humiliating end of imperial influence for two European countries, Britain and France. It cost the British prime minister, Anthony Eden, his job and, by showing up the shortcomings of the Fourth Republic in France, hastened the arrival of the Fifth Republic under Charles de Gaulle. It made unambiguous, even to the most nostalgic blimps, America's supremacy over its Western allies. It thereby strengthened the resolve of many Europeans to create what is now the European Union. It promoted pan-Arab nationalism and completed the transformation of the Israeli-Palestinian dispute into an Israeli-Arab one. And it provided a distraction that encouraged the Soviet Union to put down an uprising in Hungary in the same year. [PAR] It also divided families and friends, at least in Britain and France, with a degree of bitterness that would not be seen in a foreign-policy dispute until the invasion of Iraq in 2003. If that is difficult to understand, remember that the world was a different place then. Many European politicians still believed their countries had a right to run the affairs of others. Many were also scarred by memories of appeasement in the 1930s. Faced with a provocation, even an entirely legal one involving the nationalisation of a foreign-owned asset like the Suez canal, the instinct of such Europeans was to go to war. They and their Israeli partners-in-invasion were restrained, eventually, by the United States, led by a Republican president and war hero, Dwight Eisenhower. The venture involved intrigue, lies, nemesis\u2014and no end of a lesson. How did it come about? [PAR] The road to collusion [PAR] In Egypt, the British had become so resented for their racist, arrogant ways that by the early 1950s even Winston Churchill, the grand old imperialist who had returned as prime minister in 1951, felt he could resist the tide of nationalism no more. After 1951 the British were confined to the Suez canal zone, harassed by Egyptian irregulars who wanted them out altogether. By June 1956 the last British soldiers had left even the canal zone. [PAR] Yet Anglo-Egyptian relations did not improve. Nasser"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Who: Daleks' creator Terry Nation has blue plaque ... Doctor Who: Daleks' creator Terry Nation has blue plaque at Cardiff home - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Doctor Who: Daleks' creator Terry Nation has blue plaque at Cardiff home [PAR] 20 November 2013 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Terry Nation created Doctor Who's arch-enemy, the Daleks [PAR] Dalek creator Terry Nation has had a blue plaque unveiled in his honour at the house in Cardiff where he was born. [PAR] Nation, who died in 1997 aged 66, was a screenwriter on Doctor Who when he came up with the ideas for the aliens who are almost as famous as the Time Lord himself. [PAR] The unveiling took place during the week of the 50th anniversary of the BBC sci-fi series. [PAR] The Daleks made their first appearance in December 1963. [PAR] Nation was born in the suburb of Llandaff, close to Cardiff's cathedral, and near to the childhood home of fellow writer Roald Dahl. [PAR] The plaque was arranged by the Llandaff Society whose chairman Geoffrey Barton-Greenwood once met Nation when the writer, who had by this time moved to Hollywood, was visiting friends in the Cardiff area. [PAR] He said: \"I knew immediately who he was. I had been watching the Doctor Who series from the very beginning. I didn't at that stage know that he was a Llandaff boy. [PAR] There are stories of neighbours seeing him, as a boy, sitting on the back step jotting down story ideas in his notebook [PAR] Geoffrey Barton-Greenwood, Llandaff Society [PAR] \"He was obviously a very impressive character. He had stature and gravitas.\" [PAR] Four years ago, the society unveiled a blue plaque just yards away in memory of another local writer, Roald Dahl. [PAR] 'Play on words' [PAR] Mr Barton-Greenwood believes there may be a connection between the name of the famous writer and the name Nation gave to his armoured mutant creations. [PAR] He said: \"There is a connection in that they are 'Daleks' and Roald 'Dahl' was only from around the corner. [PAR] \"I think Terry Nation might well have been having a play on words. [PAR] \"It would be an extreme coincidence that these guys came from such a short distance apart and yet came up with this sort of affinity.\" [PAR] Media captionFirst Doctor William Hartnell explained in 1967 why Daleks were difficult to act with [PAR] Scriptwriter and novelist Nation was born in a house in Fairwater Grove West in the village suburb of Llandaff. [PAR] Mr Barton-Greenwood said: \"There are stories of neighbours seeing him, as a boy, sitting on the back step jotting down story ideas in his notebook.\" [PAR] \"He put the success of Doctor Who and the Daleks down to 'good old-fashioned stories, lots of danger, with tremendous adversaries. And the Doctor beating big villains'.\" [PAR] Image caption Terry Nation was brought up in the same Cardiff suburb as fellow writer Roald Dahl [PAR] The Daleks became iconic villains after appearing in the second storyline of the first series of Doctor Who, which is marking its 50th anniversary with events this year. [PAR] In the show, the race of Daleks was said to have been developed by a scientist to survive a war on their home planet of Skaro. However, the scientist was later killed by his own creation. [PAR] The Daleks, mutants encased in studded, tank-like machinery that appear to glide over the ground, became a cultural sensation, with generations growing to love their famous synthesised-voice command of \"Exterminate\". [PAR] Nation's first foray into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Golf Manufacturers - About.com Sports Golf Manufacturers [PAR] Golf Equipment [PAR] Golf Manufacturers [PAR] Need information about golf clubs and equipment? Find the companies that make the equipment that fills up your golf bag. [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the Ingredients of Worcestershire Sauce? What are the Ingredients of Worcestershire Sauce? [PAR] You are here: Home / Culinary Arts / What are the Ingredients of Worcestershire Sauce? [PAR] What are the Ingredients of Worcestershire Sauce? [PAR] Worcestershire sauce is originally produced by Lea and Perrins. Although there are substitute and home made options these days, the exact recipe that the company uses still remains a top secret. [PAR] The recipe of Lea and Perrins may remain tightly locked inside a volt but the general ingredients for concocting a delicious Worcestershire sauce is known to many. The rich flavor is achieved by using ample amount of fish. Hence it is not vegan and it is not recommended for people who are allergic to seafood. [PAR] Vinegar plays an essential role in creating this delicious sauce. It gives the tangy flavor which makes it delightful for the taste buds. Because of the vinegar, this sauce becomes a perfect companion for various types of food. The generous amount of vinegar that it has provides the acidity that this sauce is known for. [PAR] When there is vinegar, there should be an ingredient that balances out the taste by giving it a little sweetness, right? Molasses is the key in neutralizing the vinegar. Aside from the sweet taste that this gives, it also improves the texture of the sauce, making it thicker and more viscous. [PAR] Aside from using other types of fish as an ingredient, Worcestershire sauce also contains a specific fish: anchovies. This is essential for creating an interesting flavor which heightens the taste of the food to which this sauce is added to. This ingredient makes the sauce perfect, especially for various types of meat dishes. [PAR] More Recipes? View the Recipe Index [PAR] Yes, there are brands of Worcestershire sauce that contain high fructose corn syrup though most of them use natural sugar. This usually causes an alarm especially to people who aim to regulate their blood sugar level due to diabetes. The good news is that, the use of this ingredient is limited and remains much lower than those found in sodas and processed juices. Since the primary role of this ingredient is to add a little more sweetness to the sauce, people who aim to create it can find healthier sweetening substitute. [PAR] The original Lea and Perrins ingredients include tamarind concentrate. Tamarind is a type of fruit which can be seen in Africa and Asia. This is known to have a distinct combination of sweetness and sourness. Adding this to the sauce allows it to have a more natural combination of the two flavors and regulates the strong flavor caused by mixing vinegar and molasses. [PAR] Of course, the sauce would not be complete without adding some more spices. Onions, salt and garlic are all staple ingredients for making this sauce. Because of this spices, even dishes which taste a bit bland will automatically have an exciting flavor once the sauce is used. [PAR] Adding all those ingredients together would result to a pasty sauce which might not be pleasing to use on dishes, especially because it involves the use of molasses. Hence, it is important to dilute the concoction with ample amount of water. This is the key in achieving a smooth and consistent texture which makes the Worcestershire sauce the perfect companion for a myriad of dishes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Battle of St. Albans - Wars of the Roses - St. Albans First Battle of St. Albans - Wars of the Roses - St. Albans [PAR] Wars of the Roses [PAR] Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St. Albans [PAR] Henry VI. Public Domain [PAR] Updated August 04, 2015. [PAR] First Battle of St. Albans - Conflict & Date: [PAR] The First Battle of St. Albans was fought May 22, 1455, during the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). [PAR] Armies & Commanders [PAR] approx. 2,000-3,000 men [PAR] First Battle of St. Albans - Background: [PAR] The antagonism between the Houses of Lancaster and York commenced in 1399 when Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster overthrew his unpopular cousin King Richard II. A grandson of Edward III , through John of Gaunt, his claim to the English crown was relatively weak compared to his Yorkist relations. Ruling until 1413 as Henry IV, he was forced to put down several uprisings to maintain the throne. On his death, the throne passed to his son, Henry V. A great warrior known for his victory at Agincourt , Henry V only lived until 1422 when he was succeeded by his nine-month old son Henry VI. For most of his minority, Henry was surrounded by unpopular advisors such as the Duke of Gloucester, Cardinal Beaufort, and the Duke of Suffolk. [PAR] During Henry VI's reign, the French gained the upper hand in the Hundred Years' War and began pushing English forces from France. A weak and ineffective ruler, Henry was heavily advised by the Duke of Somerset who desired peace. This position was countered by Richard, Duke of York who wished to continue fighting. A descendent of Edward III's second and fourth sons, he possessed a strong claim to the throne. By 1450, Henry VI began experiencing bouts of insanity and three years later was judged unfit to rule. This resulted in a Council of Regency being formed with York at its head as Lord Protector. Imprisoning Somerset, he worked to expand his power but was forced to step down two years later when Henry VI recovered. [PAR] First Battle of St. Albans - Forces Mobilize: [PAR] Resuming the throne, Henry again fell under the influence of his advisors. Seeking to eliminate York as a threat, Queen Margaret of Anjou had him removed from court. Departing, York increasingly began to fear that he would be arrested for treason. This came to a head in 1455 when he received a summons to appear before the King's council to answer allegations against him. Fearing the outcome, York began raising troops from among his supporters in the north. Assembling his men, he started moving south towards London. En route, he was joined by the Earls of Salisbury and Warwick, both members of the allied Neville family. The addition of their forces brought York's army to between 5,000 and 7,000 men. In response to York's actions, Henry formed a small army of 2,000-3,000 men, with the Duke of Somerset in command, and began marching north. [PAR] First Battle of St. Alban - The Armies Meet: [PAR] Departing London, Henry was surprised by the speed of York's advance and directed his army to occupy the fortified town of St. Albans on the morning of May 22. Shortly thereafter, York's forces arrived outside the town and began deploying to the east. Despite the aggressive stances assumed by both sides, neither Henry nor York was eager to engage in combat. York desired that his name be cleared and certain Lancastrian advisors removed. Badly outnumbered, Henry and Somerset wished to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brit Awards nominations 2010: full list - Telegraph Brit Awards nominations 2010: full list - Telegraph [PAR] Brit Awards nominations 2010: full list [PAR] Nominations for the Brit Awards 2010: [PAR] 6:16PM GMT 18 Jan 2010 [PAR] British Male Solo Artist [PAR] (Top 5 selected by Voting Academy; winner chosen by Radio 1 listeners) [PAR] Florence & the Machine [PAR] Dizzee Rascal Tongue n\u2019Cheek [PAR] Florence & the Machine Lungs [PAR] Kasabian West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum [PAR] Lily Allen It\u2019s Not Me, It\u2019s You [PAR] Paolo Nutini Sunny Side Up [PAR] British Single [PAR] (Winner selected by UK Commercial Radio listeners) [PAR] Alesha Dixon Breathe Slow [PAR] Alexandra Burke Ft Flo Rida Bad Boys [PAR] Cheryl Cole Fight For This Love [PAR] Joe McElderry The Climb [PAR] La Roux In For The Kill [PAR] Lily Allen The Fear [PAR] Taio Cruz Break Your Heart [PAR] Tinchy Stryder Ft N-Dubz Number 1 [PAR] BRITs Performance of Past 30 Years [PAR] Bee Gees Stayin\u2019 Alive/How Deep is Your Love (1997) [PAR] Bros I Owe you Nothing (1989) [PAR] Coldplay Clocks (2003) [PAR] Eurythmics & Stevie Wonder Angel (1999) [PAR] Girls Aloud The Promise (2009) [PAR] Kanye West Gold Digger (2006) [PAR] Kylie Minogue Can\u2019t Get You Out of my Head (2002) [PAR] Michael Jackson Earth Song (1996) [PAR] Paul McCartney Live & Let Die (2008) [PAR] Pet Shop Boys Go West (1994) [PAR] Robbie Williams & Tom Jones The Full Monty Medley (1998) [PAR] Scissor Sisters Take Your Mama (2005) [PAR] Spice Girls Wannabe/Who Do You Think You Are (1997) [PAR] Take That Beatles Medley - I Wanna Hold Your Hand/Hard Day\u2019s Night/ She Loves Me (1994) [PAR] The Who Who Are You (1988) [PAR] International Male Solo Artist"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polygraph - RationalWiki Polygraph - RationalWiki [PAR] Polygraph [PAR] Leonarde Keeler, one of the inventors of the polygraph, testing his polygraph on a subject [PAR] Style over substance [PAR] v - t - e [PAR] A polygraph is a machine, or a test using said machine, which measures the changes in a person's body, such as pulse, breathing rate, and skin temperature. It is used as a lie detection test. It is based on the principle that when lying, one will become nervous and have an increased pulse and need for air. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 9 References [PAR] [ edit ] Validity of a polygraph [PAR] The polygraphy works by measuring some physiological responses to questions. The method involves establishing a \"baseline\" by measuring a subject's responses to certain undramatic and nonthreatening questions. Following this, the interview will take place and the measurements will be compared with this baseline. So from the method alone, it can be seen that the polygraph isn't so much a \"lie detector\" (as it is commonly portrayed) but just a system to measure someone's emotional state \u2014 the theory is that if someone lies, their emotional state will change. The method alone should suggest how people can produce false results or intentionally game the system in their favour. Sociopaths , for example, have a nervous system that responds differently: when they lie, they remain as cool as the proverbial cucumber. [1] One in twenty-five people are sociopaths. [1] However, the ubiquity of the \"lie detector\" means that it has been thoroughly studied, and rarely (even when used properly by trained individuals) produces favourable results. Many pieces of research show that either a polygraph is not a valid tool for use in courts, [2] or that the validity is unmeasureable. [3] [PAR] In 2002 the American Academy of Sciences called the Polygraph \"a danger to national security\" [4] , while John T Capiocco's Handbook of Psychophysiology states that \"no spy has ever been identified as a result of a polygraph test\" [5] [PAR] [ edit ] Ways a polygraph test can give wrong results [PAR] If the simple act of taking a polygraph test makes a subject nervous then it will be difficult for the \"baseline\" to be established. This makes the readings during the real section of the interview almost impossible and this leads to \"inconclusive\" results. Although inconclusive results should be taken as just that, inconclusive, and therefore should be ignored, they may be interpreted as a sign of guilt \u2014 as supposedly honest and innocent people shouldn't be fearful of lie detector tests. However, this is wrong; the situation of taking \"lie detector\" tests is harrowing for many. Indeed, an honest person who is aware of the limitations of a polygraph may be even more nervous, since they may have a strong fear of false positives, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy. [PAR] If a particular question makes the subject nervous, even as they give the correct, or honest, response, the test will give a \"false\" reading. In fact, one televised use of the polygraph for demonstration purposes showed the strongest reaction to the interviewer saying \"now I'm going to ask you an intimate and personal question\", although a question of that nature was never asked, the mere thought of a harassing question sent the measurements quite wild. [PAR] It is important to note that most effects that cause the polygraph to be unreliable are invariant of whether a person is innocent or guilty, lying or telling the truth, intentionally trying to produce haphazard results or not. [PAR] [ edit ] Ways"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Pomology? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK What is Pomology? (with pictures) [PAR] What is Pomology? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 20 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] You won't believe these 10 facts about people [PAR] Pomology is a branch of horticulture which focuses on the cultivation, production, harvest, and storage of fruit, especially tree fruits. Fruit orchards can be found all over the world, and tree fruits are a major industry in many countries, making pomology especially vital. Pomologists can work in the industry, or for research facilities at universities and other organizations. [PAR] The word \u201cpomology\u201d comes from the Latin word for \u201capple,\u201d but pomology is about a lot more than just apples. Any number of fruit trees can be included in a survey of pomology, like apricots, pears, plums, peaches , cherries, nectarines, and avocados. Pomologists also research tree nuts like almonds, walnuts, and pecans, among others. [PAR] One of the most critical aspects of pomology is the development of new fruit cultivars. A pomologist can cross-breed various fruit cultivars for specifically desired traits, such as flavor, hardiness, or disease-resistance. Pomology has contributed a number of exotic and interesting fruit cultivars to the world, such as the pluot, a cross between a plum and an apricot . If a pomologist can breed a distinctive and entirely new cultivar , he or she stands to profit significantly from the resulting patents. [PAR] Pomologists also look at the best way to grow trees, determining which regions trees grow in, and the amounts of water and fertilizer preferred by different cultivars. In addition, they study pests which attack fruit trees, and address issues of regional concern, like droughts or seasonal flooding. [PAR] Ad [PAR] Once a tree fruits, the work of a pomologist isn't over. Pomology is also used to develop new ways to harvest, store, and ship fruit, with a focus on keeping fruit healthy and flavorful until it reaches the consumer. Many cultivars have been specifically bred for easier harvesting and storage, but pomologists also work on things like agricultural equipment and special shipping containers for delicate fruits such as peaches. [PAR] Someone who wants to work in the field of pomology generally starts out studying horticulture, with a focus on pomology in the later years of study. Many professional pomologists have a masters or doctoral degree, which includes a thesis in a topic of specific interest, and they are just as comfortable in the field as in the lab (or greenhouse ). [PAR] Ad"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Samson and Delilah (1949) - IMDb Samson and Delilah (1949) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When strongman Samson rejects the love of the beautiful Philistine woman Delilah, she seeks vengeance that brings horrible consequences they both regret. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 16 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 22 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 18 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 18 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: Samson and Delilah (1949) [PAR] 6.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 1 win & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] In the Roman province of Judea during the 1st century, Roman tribune Marcellus Gallio is ordered to crucify Jesus of Nazareth but is tormented by his guilty conscience afterwards. [PAR] Director: Henry Koster [PAR] In 1st century Rome, Christian slave Demetrius is sent to fight in the gladiatorial arena and Emperor Caligula seeks Jesus' robe for its supposedly magical powers. [PAR] Director: Delmer Daves [PAR] The Egyptian Prince, Moses, learns of his true heritage as a Hebrew and his divine mission as the deliverer of his people. [PAR] Director: Cecil B. DeMille [PAR] A fierce Roman commander becomes infatuated with a beautiful Christian hostage and begins questioning the tyrannical leadership of the despot Emperor Nero. [PAR] Directors: Mervyn LeRoy, Anthony Mann [PAR] Stars: Robert Taylor, Deborah Kerr, Leo Genn [PAR] Barabbas, the criminal that Pontius Pilate induced the populace to vote to set free, so that Christ could be crucified, is haunted by the image of Jesus for the rest of his life. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] After King David sees the beautiful Bathsheba bathing from the palace roof, he enters into an adulterous affair which has tragic consequences for his family and Israel. [PAR] Director: Henry King [PAR] The first part tells the story of Moses leading the Jews from Egypt to the Promised Land, his receipt of the tablets and the worship of the golden calf. The second part shows the efficacy ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Cecil B. DeMille [PAR] The life of Jesus Christ. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Ray [PAR] Beautiful Gaby meets a romantic jewel thief in the mysterious Casbah. [PAR] Director: John Cromwell [PAR] Directors: George Stevens, David Lean, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Max von Sydow, Dorothy McGuire, Charlton Heston [PAR] The fabled Spanish hero Rodrigo Diaz (a.k.a. El Cid) overcomes a family vendetta and court intrigue to defend Christian Spain against the Moors. [PAR] Director: Anthony Mann [PAR] Shortly before his death in ancient Israel King David has a vision from God telling him that his younger son Solomon should succeed him as king. His other son Adonijah is unhappy and vows ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: King Vidor [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Though his people, the Israelites, are enslaved by the Philistines, Samson, strongest man of the tribe of Dan, falls in love with the Philistine Semadar, whom he wins by virtue of a contest of strength. But Semadar betrays him,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inside the White House | The White House History | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Holidays [PAR] History [PAR] This is really what the White House is all about. It\u2019s the \u201cPeople\u2019s House.\u201d It\u2019s a place that is steeped in history, but it\u2019s also a place where everyone should feel welcome. And that's why my husband and I have made it our mission to open up the house to as many people as we can. [PAR] Michelle Obama [PAR] Our first president, George Washington , selected the site for the White House in 1791. The cornerstone was laid in 1792 and a competition design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban was chosen. After eight years of construction, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved into the unfinished house in 1800. During the War of 1812, the British set fire to the President\u2019s House in 1814. James Hoban was appointed to rebuild the house, and President James Monroe moved into the building in 1817. During Monroe\u2019s administration, the South Portico was constructed in 1824, and Andrew Jackson oversaw the addition of the North Portico in 1829. During the late 19th century, various proposals were made to significantly expand the President\u2019s House or to build an entirely new house for the president, but these plans were never realized. [PAR] In 1902,Our first president, George Washington, selected the site for the White House in 1791. The cornerstone was laid in 1792 and a competition design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban was chosen. After eight years of construction, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved into the unfinished house in 1800. During the War of 1812, the British set fire to the President\u2019s House in 1814. James Hoban was appointed to rebuild the house, and President James Monroe moved into the building in 1817. During Monroe\u2019s administration, the South Portico was constructed in 1824, and Andrew Jackson oversaw the addition of the North Portico in 1829. During the late 19th century, various proposals were made to significantly expand the President\u2019s House or to build an entirely new house for the president, but these plans were never realized. The White House In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt began a major renovation of the White House, including the relocation of the president\u2019s offices from the Second Floor of the Residence to the newly constructed temporary Executive Office Building (now known as the West Wing). The Roosevelt renovation was planned and carried out by the famous New York architectural firm McKim, Mead and White. Roosevelt\u2019s successor, President William Howard Taft, had the Oval Office constructed within an enlarged office wing. [PAR] Less than fifty years after the Roosevelt renovation, the White House was showing signs of serious structural weakness. President Harry S. Truman began a renovation of the building in which everything but the outer walls were dismantled. The reconstruction was overseen by architect Lorenzo Winslow, and the Truman family moved back into the White House in 1952. [PAR] Every president since John Adams has occupied the White House, and the history of this building extends far beyond the construction of its walls. From the Ground Floor Corridor rooms, transformed from their early use as service areas, to the State Floor rooms, where countless leaders and dignitaries have been entertained, the White House is both the home of the President of the United States his family and a museum of American history. The White House is a place where history continues to unfold. [PAR] White House Trivia [PAR] There are 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, and 6 levels in the Residence. There are also 412 doors, 147"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 | australia.gov.au Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 | australia.gov.au [PAR] Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 [PAR] The exceptionally well-organised Sydney Games were a true celebration of Olympic values and sporting excellence. [PAR] Olympic Committee [PAR] The Sydney Olympic Games were held from 15 September to 1 October 2000. Sydney was awarded the right to host the 2000 Olympic Games in 1993. It was the second time that an Australian city had hosted the Olympic Games, the first being in Melbourne in 1956. The first Olympic Games of the modern era were held in Athens in 1896 following the founding of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. The Olympics began in Greece about 3,500 years ago but were discontinued in 393 AD. In 1887, Baron Pierre de Coubertin came up with the idea of reviving the Olympics. [PAR] At the Sydney 2000 Olympics there were 199 competing countries and four individual athletes from East Timor who marched in the parade of nations. There were 10,651 athletes (4,069 women, 6,582 men). There were 300 events. One of the extraordinary characteristics of the Sydney Olympics was the number of volunteers, 46,967, which had grown from an original group of 500, honoured in a parade through the city after the games. The extent of interest world-wide in the Olympics is reflected in the 16,033 accredited media people (5,298 written press, 10,735 broadcasters). [PAR] Highlights \u2013 100 years of women's participation [PAR] Cathy Freeman wins gold in the 400m. Image courtesy of the ABC. [PAR] Sydney 2000 celebrated 100 years of women's participation in the Olympic Games. The Triathlon made its Olympic debut with the women's race as the first event. Brigitte McMahon of Switzerland swam, cycled and ran to win gold and beat the favoured Australian athlete Michelie Jones who won silver. McMahon only passed Jones in sight of the finish line. [PAR] Taekwondo was another new addition to the Olympic programme. Australian Lauren Burns, won gold in taekwondo, women's -49kg. Roared on by home fans, Burns surged ahead to 4-2 in the second round after being tied at the end of first round. Susanthika Jayasinghe became the first Sri Lankan woman to win a medal, claiming bronze in the 200m, whilst Birgit Fischer of Germany earned two gold medals in kayaking to become the first woman in any sport to win medals 20 years apart, having won gold at the Moscow, Barcelona and Atlanta Olympic Games. [PAR] Women also took part in weightlifting and the modern pentathlon for the very first time. Australian Maria Pekli, won silver in judo for the women's 57kg. Other Australian women gold medal winners included Natalie Cook and Kerri Pottharst for beach volleyball, and Jenny Armstrong and Belinda Stowell for sailing, in the women's 470 class. The Australian women's hockey, softball and water polo teams also showed their excellence in winning gold. [PAR] Opening ceremony and Olympic Flame [PAR] Sydney 200 opening ceremony. Image courtesy of the ABC. [PAR] The opening ceremony began with a tribute to Australian culture, history and identity with over 120 Australian stock horses stepping out, paying tribute to Australian stockmen. Performances that followed included references to the arrival of the First Fleet, immigration and rural industry as well as a large display of lawnmowers and an Australian Hill's hoist clothes line representing domestic life and ingenuity. [PAR] Music and performance highlights of the opening were two hundred (200) Indigenous women from Central Australia dancing to cleanse and protect the Games and hundreds of tap-dancing teenagers. Olivia Newton-John and John Farnham sang the duet 'Dare to Dream' while walking among"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 \u00be by Sue Townsend ... The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 \u00be by Sue Townsend - Review | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 \u00be by Sue Townsend - Review [PAR] \"It is a hilarious book to read and is still relevant today\" [PAR] happygirl165 [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Although this book was originally written by Sue Townsend in 1982, it remains a staple of every teenager's bookshelf to this day. [PAR] The book is written in a diary style by Adrian Mole, a thirteen year old boy who, although writes confidently, often misinterprets and does not understand the events that go on around him. The book follows him through the year of 1981 and a bit of 1982, starting with his new year's resolutions including \"stopping squeezing my spots\" and \"vowing to never drink alcohol... after hearing disgusting noises from downstairs last night.\" Mole is a self-described intellectual who writes unreliably about the events he goes through and his troubles as an adolescent- resulting in a light-hearted and amusing book. [PAR] He writes bluntly about his parents' marital troubles and his own relationship with Pandora- a fellow Year 9 with beautiful \"treacle hair\". \"Pandora and I are in love! It is official! She told Claire Nelson, who told Nigel, who told me.\" Adrian Mole also writes about his cringe-worthy poetry, his troubles at school, his acne problem, the Royal Wedding and his eighty-year old friend Bert, and numerous other events. [PAR] I would highly recommend this book. It is a hilarious book to read and is still relevant today. It is especially amusing if you are around Adrian's age (12-ish to 16-ish), because then you will really appreciate and understand when he says \"Just my luck! Another spot on my chin!\". It is not only witty, but deeply touching, too. Great as a stress reliever, this book will provide hours of entertainment for everyone. [PAR] Want to tell the world about a book you've read? Join the site and send us your review!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kob | African Wildlife Foundation Kob | African Wildlife Foundation [PAR] Physical Characteristics [PAR] What is a kob? [PAR] The kob is similar in appearance to the impala, but the two species are not related. The Ugandan kob generally is reddish-brown, but other subspecies range from light brown to almost black. The underside of the body is white, a white ring appears around each eye, and a white patch or chevron appears on the throat; a black stripe runs down the front of each foreleg. Horns occur only in males and though lyre-shaped, they are shorter, thicker, and ringed almost to the tip. [PAR] Behavior & Diet [PAR] Kobs are dependent on larger animals for prime grazing conditions. [PAR] Kobs graze on short grass and are dependent on larger animals such as hippos, buffalo, topis, and hartebeests to create those grazing conditions. Like reedbucks and waterbucks, kobs develop attachments to particular localities, returning to the same grazing areas and watering places day after day, season after season. [PAR] Unlike other antelopes, kob males practice the art of courtship. [PAR] The premating and postmating behavior of kobs is different from that of other antelopes. The male is not as rough with the female and does not attempt to force her to stay within his territory\u2014rather, he appears to try gently to convince her. He makes soft noises during courtship play, repeatedly whistling through his nostrils after mating. The sound carries across the breeding grounds and may be echoed by the other territorial males. [PAR] Kobs hold strongly to social traditions. [PAR] The social structure of the kob is based on small herds that come together into larger groups of up to 1,000 animals. Unlike most other antelopes, the kob has permanent breeding grounds, called leks, where almost all mating takes place\u2014some of these have been in continuous use for at least 50 years. Lekking grounds, usually located on a knoll or elevated area near water, are roughly circular in shape and are 20 to 100 yards in diameter. When female kobs come into heat, they are attracted by the concentrated deposits of hormone-rich urine that accumulates in the leks. Competition for the innermost territories is fierce, and males hold their territories for only a day or two before turnover. [PAR] Newborns are suckled until they are half the size of an adult. [PAR] Females suckle a single young kob for six to seven months. At the time of weaning, it has reached half of its adult size. Young males begin to grow their horns at 5 months, and by 1 year of age, the horns are about as long as the ears. Kobs become sexually mature between 13 and 14 months, but a male will not be active in the breeding grounds until he is 3 or 4 years old. [PAR] Gallery[DOC] [TLE] White-Eared Kob - Animals - Animal Pictures White-Eared Kob, White-Eared Kob Pictures, White-Eared Kob Facts -- National Geographic [PAR] Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man [PAR] Please add a \"relative\" entry to your dictionary. [PAR] These graceful antelopes of central Africa\u2019s well-watered savannas and floodplain grasslands are best known for their annual migration, which produces one of the natural world\u2019s great spectacles. [PAR] The Sudd wetlands of southern Sudan, nourished by the White Nile, are home to an astounding number of white-eared kob\u2014more than 800,000 animals. When joined by tiang antelopes and Mongalla gazelles they form enormous migrating herds of more than 1.2 million individuals. Thickly packed columns of these animals in motion can stretch a staggering 50 miles (80 kilometers) long and 30 miles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Cars Did They Drive In 'Smokey and The Bandit' What Cars Did They Drive In 'Smokey and The Bandit' [PAR] Share on Twitter [PAR] Perhaps more famous then the actual actors themselves, was the car driven by Burt Reynold\u2019s character Bo Darville the \u201cBandit\u201d. We got a call this morning from a woman who had claimed they had a car for sale that was the same car that Jackie Gleason\u2019s character Sheriff Buford T. Justice.We decided to do some digging around the Internet to see exactly what kind of cars they were driving. [PAR] Bo Darville The \u201cBandit\u201d [PAR] Flickr [PAR] Well it turns out there is some debate raging across the Internet about whether or not Burt Reynolds was driving a 1976 or a 1977. But there was never any doubt to the model. Burt cruised through the movie inside a Pontiac Trans Am, with the now iconic Black and Gold paint scheme. [PAR] [PAR] 1 [PAR] Sheriff Buford T. Justice [PAR] What\u2019s The Bandit with out being chased by the Sheriff? Of course Buford had to have something that could almost keep up with the Bandit as they raced across several states. The Sheriff\u2019s vehicle was a 1977 Ponitac LeMans."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monkey Business (1931) Review \u2013 Pre-Code.Com Monkey Business (1931) Review \u2013 Pre-Code.Com [PAR] Monkey Business: Cruising for Craziness [PAR] \u201cI want gaiety! I want laughter! I want ha-cha-cha-cha!\u201d [PAR] Let\u2019s start off with an important note for whenever I talk about the Marx Brothers movies on this site. On Monkey Business, you will notice this at the beginning of the movie: [PAR] \u201cBut Danny!\u201d you\u2019ll say, presuming you actually know my name. \u201cI have literally no idea what this means or why you\u2019re bringing it up.\u201d [PAR] This is the seal of approval by the Motion Picture Production Code. For those of you who\u2019ve investigated this site or knows what Pre-Code is , this may not require much of an explanation, but you\u2019re getting one anyway: any version of Monkey Business or any other Marx Brothers film from their stint at Paramount is censored. [PAR] The screen I\u2019ve got above is from when the film was reissued and the cuts were made. Back in the day after the Production Code was enforced, if a studio wanted to re-release a film (which was the only way to make any money on it), it would go through the Production Code Administration. Those with no or minor adjustments would have offending footage excised would be passed, those whose contents were too risque (see Baby Face or Search for Beauty ) would simply be put back on the shelf. In an ironic way, being excessively immoral paid off since those films never had footage removed and lost forever. [PAR] Unfortunately, the Marx Brothers were always a popular commodity, so the version you are watching is shorter than its original release. There are a few staggered cuts, and a number of lines removed. Whenever you see this stuff in the Marx Brothers movies, it\u2019s important to know it\u2019s not shoddy film making, but lousy censorship. [PAR] Back Down to the Business of Monkeys [PAR] Now let\u2019s make it clear: I don\u2019t think the footage removed from Monkey Business added back in would immediately make it a good movie; it\u2019s only a few lines, and it doesn\u2019t make up for the fact that the movie\u2019s structure is so top heavy it\u2019s a wonder that the ship featured at the beginning doesn\u2019t completely topple over. [PAR] Here\u2019s the setup: the four Marx brothers are stowaways on an ocean liner. They\u2019re not given any names, but fumble around the ship trying to evade detection. This last for about thirty minutes until the brothers find themselves involved in a war between two mafia bosses, with Zeppo and Groucho on one side and Harpo and Chico on the other. Zeppo is in love with one of the boss\u2019s daughters, and at a dinner party after they escape the boat, she is kidnapped and they must all team up to rescue her. [PAR] The plot is usually considered beneath discussion in Marx Brothers films, and while there are certainly a few where it simply functions as a clothesline, this one is pretty frayed. After the initial mayhem of the films first thirty minutes, momentum grinds to a halt and many of the film\u2019s gags in its second half fall flat. I think it should be a rule that you can tell how bad a Marx film is based on how close to the end Harpo\u2019s serious musical solo arrives. [PAR] \u201cHONK\u201d [PAR] SPOILERS until the next section head. Skip at your leisure! [PAR] Besides the momentum simply dying after their successful escape from the ship, the film\u2019s climax involves Zeppo and a thug involved in a fist fight. Rather"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Commonwealth Games 2010: England's Rajiv Ouseph wins ... Commonwealth Games 2010: England's Rajiv Ouseph wins badminton silver | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Commonwealth Games 2010: England's Rajiv Ouseph wins badminton silver [PAR] \u2022 24-year-old beaten in final by world No1 Chong Wei Lee [PAR] \u2022 Netball team take bronze medal against Jamaica [PAR] Rajiv Ouseph with the silver medal he won in the men's badminton final at the Commonwealth Games. Photograph: Ian Walton/Getty Images [PAR] Commonwealth Games 2010: England's Rajiv Ouseph wins badminton silver [PAR] \u2022 24-year-old beaten in final by world No1 Chong Wei Lee [PAR] \u2022 Netball team take bronze medal against Jamaica [PAR] Press Association [PAR] Thursday 14 October 2010 04.42 EDT [PAR] First published on Thursday 14 October 2010 04.42 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 6 years old [PAR] England's Rajiv Ouseph claimed the silver medal as world No1 Chong Wei Lee gave a badminton masterclass in the men's final at the Siri Fort Complex. The result was never in doubt once the Malaysian had found his rhythm and the 21-10 21-8 scoreline was wrapped up in 26 minutes. [PAR] Ouseph, 24, had raced into an early lead but Lee soon found his form and he mixed up some hard hitting and smashes with a delicate touch at the net. There was a considerable gulf between the pair and whatever the Englishman tried, Lee had an answer as he won the first game 21-10 in just 12 minutes. [PAR] The second game continued in the same manner, with Lee proving so fast around the court that Ouseph had to look wide or long in the hope his opponent could not make up the ground. Lee raced into an 12-2 lead and although Ouseph battled valiantly, his opponent was unstoppable. [PAR] England's netball team won a bronze medal on the final day of the Commonwealth Games . Watched by double Olympic gold medallist Kelly Holmes, England faced Jamaica in a play-off match at the Thyagaraj Sports Complex and ran out 71-47 winners. [PAR] Inspired by goal shooter Louisa Brownfield, the team took a 12-point lead into the final quarter and never looked in danger of surrendering it. The gold medal match between Australia and New Zealand was scheduled to follow. [PAR] Francesca Jones claimed a rythmic gymnastics silver medal for Wales on the final day of the Commonwealth Games in Delhi. Jones scored 24.750 points in the hoop women's final to take the silver behind Malaysian Elaine Koon who scored 25.300 for gold. Chrystalleni Trikomiti of Cyprus took the bronze medal with 24.500. [PAR] Nathan Robertson and Jenny Wallwork had to be content with silver medals in the mixed doubles after they were comprehensively beaten by the Malaysian pair Koo Kien Kiet and Chin Eei Hui in just 36 minutes. The English pair were the top seeds but could not maintain their good start as the Malaysians enjoyed a deserved victory in a fast-paced match. [PAR] Robertson and Wallwork raced into a 5-0 lead in the first game before their opponents responded. They pulled level at 11-11 and maintained their momentum to take a three-point lead at 16-13. [PAR] Robertson and Wallwork refused to let them get away and the pairs were level at 19-19 and then 20-20. However, the Malaysians edged ahead once more and took the opening game 22-20 when Robertson put a smash into the net. [PAR] The unseeded Malaysian pair were clearly on top and went on to take the second game 21-12 for a surprisingly one-sided victory. [PAR] England goalkeeper James Fair urged his shattered men's hockey"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 30. British Cyprus (1914-1960) - UCA 30. British Cyprus (1914-1960) [PAR] 30. British Cyprus (1914-1960) [PAR] [PAR] Pre-Crisis Phase (November 5, 1914-October 16, 1931): The British government formally annexed the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, which had been a British protectorate since 1878, on November 5, 1914. The leaders of the Turkish Cypriot community on the island of Cyprus declared their loyalty to Britain during the First World War. Sir John Eugene Clauson was appointed as British High Commissioner on January 8, 1915. Archbishop Kyrillos II died on July 19, 1916, and Bishop Kyrillos was elected Archbishop of Cyprus as Kyrillos III on November 11, 1916. British High Commissioner Sir John Eugene Clauson died on December 31, 1915, and Sir Malcolm Stevenson was appointed as Acting High Commissioner. Greek Cypriots convened an assembly on October 10, 1921, demanding the union of Cyprus with Greece Greece (Enosis). Cyprus was proclaimed a British crown colony on March 10, 1925. Sir Malcolm Stevenson was appointed British Governor on the island of Cyprus on March 10, 1925. Sir Ronald Storrs was appointed as British Governor on the island of Cyprus on November 30, 1926. Elections for the Legislative Council were held in October 1925. On November 28, 1929, British Colonial Secretary Lord Passfield rejected demands that Cyprus be unified with Greece. Elections for the Legislative Council were held in 1930. As a result of grievances with the British colonial government, several Turkish Cypriots convened a national congress (Milli Kongre) in the town of S\u00f6z on May 1, 1931. In response to the national congress, the British colonial government stated that \u201cit ha[d] come to the attention of the government that some people belonging to the Islamic community ha[d] gathered in the form of an assembly, which they call the National Congress, and that they elected a person among themselves as mufti\u201d and that the election of a mufti was against \u201cthe law, the traditions and the precedents, and thus it [would] on no condition be recognized by the government.\u201d [PAR] Crisis Phase (October 17, 1931-March 31, 1955): Beginning on October 17, 1931, the Greek Cypriot members of the Legislative Council, including Bishop Nicodemus Mylonas, resigned in protest of the enactment of a tariff law (import duties) by the British colonial government. The National Radical Union of Cyprus (Ethnike Rizospastike Enosis Kypriak\u012b\u0301 \u2013 EREK) was established on October 18, 1931. Bishop Nicodemus Mylonas called for \u201cdisobedience and insubordination to the illegal laws of this immoral, vile, and shameful regime\u201d during a speech in Lemesos (Limassol) on October 20, 1931. Greek Cypriots rioted against the British colonial government throughout the island of Cyprus beginning on October 21, 1931. Governor Storrs declared martial law on October 21, 1931. The rebellion was suppressed by British security forces on October 27, 1931, resulting in the deaths of six Greek Cypriots. The British colonial government abolished the Legislative Council and banned political parties. Several Greek Cypriot leaders, including George Hajipavlou, Dionysios Kykkotis, Theofanis Tsangarides, Theofanis Theodotou, and Theodoris Kolokassidis, were deported to Britain and Gibraltar on November 3-6, 1931. Sir Reginald Edwards Stubbs was appointed British Governor on the island of Cyprus on October 20, 1932. Sir Herbert Richmond Palmer was appointed British Governor on the island of Cyprus on November 8, 1933. Archbishop Kyrillos III died on November 16, 1933. The Progressive Party of Working People (Anorthotik\u00f3 K\u00f3mma Ergaz\u00f3menou Lao\u00fa \u2013 AKEL) was established in 1941. The Cyprus Turkish Minority Association (K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131 T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131k Kurumu \u2013 KATAK) was established by Faz\u0131l K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck and other individuals in 1943. Municipal elections were held on March 21, 1943, and AKEL"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Florimania | Define Florimania at Dictionary.com Florimania | Define Florimania at Dictionary.com [PAR] florimania [PAR] a passion for flowers, flowering plants [PAR] Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon[DOC] [TLE] Florimania Meaning - YouTube Florimania Meaning - YouTube [PAR] Florimania Meaning [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 2, 2015 [PAR] Video shows what florimania means. A passion or penchant for flowers.. Florimania Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say florimania. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Mary of the Cross MacKillop - catholic.org St. Mary of the Cross MacKillop - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online [PAR] St. Mary of the Cross MacKillop [PAR] St. Mary of the Cross MacKillop [PAR] Author and Publisher - Catholic Online [PAR] Facts [PAR] Patron of Australia, Brisbane, Knights of the Southern Cross [PAR] Birth: 1842 [PAR] Beatified By: 19 January 1995, Sydney by Pope John Paul II [PAR] Canonized By: 17 October 2010, Vatican City by Pope Benedict XVI [PAR] Take the Saints Trivia Quiz now! [PAR] Mary Helen MacKillop (15 January 1842 - 8 August 1909), also known as Saint Mary of the Cross, was an Australian Roman Catholic nun who, together with Father Julian Tenison Woods, founded the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart and a number of schools and welfare institutions throughout Australasia with an emphasis on education for the poor, particularly in country areas. Since her death she has attracted much veneration in Australia and internationally. [PAR] On 17 July 2008, Pope Benedict XVI prayed at her tomb during his visit to Sydney for World Youth Day 2008. On 19 December 2009, Pope Benedict XVI approved the Roman Catholic Church's recognition of a second miracle attributed to her intercession. She was canonised on 17 October 2010 during a public ceremony in St Peter's Square at the Vatican. She is the only Australian to be recognised by the Roman Catholic Church as a saint.[DOC] [TLE] Saint Mary MacKillop - Apparitions and pictures of Virgin Mary Mary MacKillop [PAR] Best known as: Mother Mary of the Cross [PAR] Feastday: August 8 [PAR] Mary Helen MacKillop was born in Fitzroy, Melbourne on 15 January 1842 as daughter from Alexander MacKillop and Flora MacDonald. After Mary there were three more daughters and four sons born to the family. She was the eldest of eight children. Her parents were Scottish immigrants who had arrived to the Australian Colonies in the late 1830's. From her earliest years Mary had a delicate sense of God's presence, and felt called to live a life of poverty consecrated to the service of his poor. But she had to wait. The family needed her, and at the age of 16 she went to work to help her family. [PAR] In 1861 Mary and her sister moved to Penola, South Australia. There she met a Catholic priest, Father Julian Woods and together they opened Australia's first free Catholic school. Mary's desire to become a nun had grown stronger, yet she was still to find an order that suited her. For a brief time MacKillop left to work elsewhere as a teacher, but in 1866, at age 25, she adopted the religious name Sister Mary of the Cross. Together with Father Julian Tenison Woods, she founded the Congregation Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart and she opened a free Catholic school for the poor. The location of the first congregation was in a derelict horse stable on the outskirts of Penola. It was Australia\u2019s first religious order. [PAR] In 1867 the newly formed Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart moved to Adelaide to found a school at the request of Bishop Laurence Sheil. As well as providing education, the Sisters also established a women's refuge, an orphanage and a House of Providence, a home for older women. In 1869 she and some of the Josephite sisters arrived in Brisbane. They were based at Kangaroo Point and took the ferry or rowed across the Brisbane River to attend Mass at old St Stephen's Cathedral. She left Brisbane in 1871."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kaieteur Falls (Potaro River, Guyana, South America) Kaieteur Falls (Potaro River, Guyana, South America) [PAR] Kaieteur Falls [PAR] [Back to top] [PAR] INTRODUCTION [PAR] Kaieteur Falls was one of those waterfalls that we bent over backwards to see - and we were sure glad that we did! It was perhaps Guyana 's greatest scenic wonder in our minds as it was where the Potaro River was said to drop some 221m with a width of nearly 100m (though rainy-season dimensions of 741ft high and 370ft wide were often quoted). Indeed, this waterfall sported world class dimensions, but perhaps even more impressive was the fact that the waterfall was in an area that was probably as undeveloped and as pristine as we could recall. [PAR] In terms of academics, there were claims that this waterfall was the tallest permanent single-drop waterfall in the world. That technicality of it being permanent and single-drop was important, but then again, I swore Norway had Vettisfossen , which was also a permanent single-drop waterfall that was taller. Trivial technicalities aside, there was no denying the grandeur and awesome beauty of this waterfall. [PAR] I tend to think of Kaieteur Falls as that \"in between\" waterfall that didn't quite have the width and power of the Big 3 ( Iguazu Falls , Victoria Falls , and Niagara Falls ) nor the height of the tallest waterfalls in the world (e.g. Angel Falls or Yosemite Falls ). Still, it was taller, wider, and more powerful than most of the world's other waterfalls and definitely ought to get more props than it currently gets. We certainly thought high enough of this falls that we made a place for it on our World's Top 10 Waterfalls list . [PAR] The nearly pristine rainforest that the falls was nestled within was also part of ancient geologic history. Indeed, the plateau that allowed this waterfall to possess its mammoth drop was known as the Guyana Shield. What we learned that was so special about this geological quirk was that it was said to be the oldest layer of rock on the earth's surface at 2.99 billion years! [PAR] We got to witness some rare wildlife such as the dimunitive golden frog and a type of plant that attracts and digests insects. In fact, when we expected lots of mosquitoes or other biting insects, we were amazed that the immediate area seemed to be devoid of such insects, and we wondered if it was largely due to these plants! Our guide showed us other plant species that seemed to be specialized to this area such as a multitude of broad-leafed bromeliads, which seemed to have some uses for the local inhabitants here. Although we didn't witness them on our visit here, our guide also mentioned there were resident big cats like the jaguar as well as other mammals like monkeys. [PAR] Speaking of ancient and pristine rainforest surroundings, we indeed didn't see any signs of civilization (including roads) around the waterfall itself except for a few buildings and a tiny airstrip nearby its top. Given the relative lack of civilization, this had to have been the closest thing to seeing a reasonably accessible waterfall in its most natural settings that we think would be possible in modern times like today. So that was yet another thing about this falls that really stood out to us. [PAR] In terms of the human heritage of this area, it was said to still be inhabited by native Amerindians. In fact, Kaieteur Falls was said to be named after an Amerindian chief by the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dubliners, 1914 - AbeBooks The Dubliners, 1914 - AbeBooks [PAR] The Dubliners, 1914 [PAR] Results (1 - 30) of 269 [PAR] 1 [PAR] James Joyce, Robert Scholes, A. Walton Litz [PAR] Published by Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc, United States (1990) [PAR] ISBN 10: 0553213806 ISBN 13: 9780553213805 [PAR] New Paperback [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc, United States, 1990. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Reprint. 174 x 104 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. Dubliners was completed in 1905, but a series of British and Irish publishers and printers found it offensive and immoral, and it was suppressed. The book finally came out in London in 1914, just as Joyce s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man began to appear in the journal Egoist under the auspices of Ezra Pound. The first three stories in Dubliners might be incidents from a draft of Portrait of the Artist, and many of the characters who figure in Ulysses have their first appearance here, but this is not a book of interest only because of its relationship to Joyce s life and mature work. It is one of the greatest story collections in the English language--an unflinching, brilliant, often tragic portrait of early twentieth-century Dublin. The book, which begins and ends with a death, moves from stories of my childhood through tales of public life. Its larger purpose, Joyce said, was as a moral history of Ireland. Bookseller Inventory # AAS9780553213805 [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Dover Publications Inc., United States, 1992. Paperback. Book Condition: New. New edition. 208 x 130 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. Dubliners was completed in 1905, but a series of British and Irish publishers and printers found it offensive and immoral, and it was suppressed. The book finally came out in London in 1914, just as Joyce s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man began to appear in the journal Egoist under the auspices of Ezra Pound. The first three stories in Dubliners might be incidents from a draft of Portrait of the Artist, and many of the characters who figure in Ulysses have their first appearance here, but this is not a book of interest only because of its relationship to Joyce s life and mature work. It is one of the greatest story collections in the English language--an unflinching, brilliant, often tragic portrait of early twentieth-century Dublin. The book, which begins and ends with a death, moves from stories of my childhood through tales of public life. Its larger purpose, Joyce said, was as a moral history of Ireland. Bookseller Inventory # AAC9780486268705 [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc, United States, 1990. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Reprint. 174 x 104 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. Dubliners was completed in 1905, but a series of British and Irish publishers and printers found it offensive and immoral, and it was suppressed. The book finally came out in London in 1914, just as Joyce s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man began to appear in the journal Egoist under the auspices of Ezra Pound. The first three stories in Dubliners might be incidents from a draft of Portrait of the Artist, and many of the characters who figure in Ulysses have their first appearance here, but this is not a book of interest only because of its relationship to Joyce s life and mature work. It is one of the greatest story collections in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sapienza University of Rome | Coursera Sapienza University of Rome | Coursera [PAR] Sign Up [PAR] Sapienza University of Rome [PAR] Sapienza University of Rome, founded in 1303 by Pope Boniface VIII, is the oldest University in Rome and the largest in Europe. Since its founding over 700 years ago, Sapienza has played an important role in Italian history and has been directly involved in key changes and developments in society, economics and politics. It has contributed to the development of Italian and European science and culture in all areas of knowledge. The main campus, designed by Marcello Piacentini, was opened in 1935. It is situated close to the city centre, and is the largest in Europe - a real city within a city where teaching activities are integrated with libraries and museums as well as comprehensive student services. Faculties and Departments also carry out their activities in decentralized locations in different parts of the city. There are two other university campuses elsewhere in Lazio. Sapienza offers a vast array of courses including degree programmes, PhD courses, one to two year professional courses, and Specialization Schools in many disciplines, run by 63 Departments and 11 Faculties."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sebastian Vettel - Formula 1 Sebastian Vettel [PAR] Sebastian Vettel [PAR] Next Previous Enlarge [PAR] 1 / 8 [PAR] Sebastian Vettel (GER), ADAC Berlin Brandenburg e.V. (1st). Formula BMW ADAC Championship 2004, Rd 15&16, Zandvoort, Holland. 4 September 2004. DIGITAL IMAGE [PAR] Sebastian Vettel (GER) Scuderia Toro Rosso celebrates victory with Franz Tost (AUT) Scuderia Toro Rosso Team Principal and Dietrich Mateschitz (AUT) CEO and Founder of Red Bull. Formula One World Championship, Rd 14, Italian Grand Prix, Race, Monza, Italy, Sunday 14 September 2008. [PAR] Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing RB8 crosses the line to win the race. Formula One World Championship, Rd16, Korean Grand Prix, Race, Korea International Circuit, Yeongam, South Korea, Sunday 14 October 2012. BEST IMAGE [PAR] World Champion Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing celebrates with the team. Formula One World Championship, Rd20 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 25 November 2012. BEST IMAGE [PAR] Sebastian Vettel (GER) tests a Williams BMW FW27. Formula One Testing, Day One, Jerez, Spain, Tuesday 27 September 2005. \u00a9 Sutton Motorsport Images [PAR] Sebastian Vettel (GER) BMW Sauber on the grid. Formula One World Championship, Rd 7, United States Grand Prix, Race, Indianapolis, USA, Sunday 17 June 2007. DIGITAL IMAGE [PAR] Mark Webber (AUS) Red Bull Racing and Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing celebrate 1-2 finish. Formula One World Championship, Rd 3, Chinese Grand Prix, Race Day, Shanghai, China, Sunday 19 April 2009. BEST IMAGE [PAR] Race winner Sebastian Vettel (GER) Red Bull Racing RB9 stops on track. Formula One World Championship, Rd16, Indian Grand Prix, Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida, New Delhi, India, Race Day, Sunday 27 October 2013. [PAR] Info Close [PAR] A tour de force as he swept to four straight world championship crowns and countless Formula One records, Sebastian Vettel\u2019s relentless hunger for victory, as much as his outstanding talent, secure his place as one of the sport\u2019s greats. [PAR] By his mid-20s he was already the dominant driver of his era, becoming the youngest polesitter, winner and champion in history. A second, third and fourth crown, won with either remarkable tenacity or crushing supremacy, only added to his glittering legacy. [PAR] The foundations for such a remarkable trajectory were laid early on. Vettel had been racing for more than a decade even while still a teenager, having started his career in 1995 at a local kart track in his native Germany, where he had been born in Heppenheim on July 3, 1987. It wasn\u2019t long before he had notched up several regional championships, and bigger things beckoned. Tiring of the local competition, he began to race on a European level. [PAR] Before long he\u2019d won the region\u2019s junior kart title and even clinched victories at prestigious annual events in Monaco and Paris-Bercy. As he began to make a name for himself, Vettel attracted the attentions of Red Bull, who swiftly signed him up to their young driver programme in 1998. [PAR] With Red Bull\u2019s backing, Vettel continued to perform well and in 2000 was invited to join the Austrian drinks company\u2019s junior team. Two seasons of karting later - still aged just 15 - he was ready to make the switch to single-seaters. Debuting in the hugely-competitive Formula BMW series in 2003, Vettel faced a tough challenge, but he didn\u2019t disappoint, scoring five wins and ending the season second in the championship..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Isthmus - definition of isthmus by The Free Dictionary Isthmus - definition of isthmus by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Isthmus - definition of isthmus by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/isthmus [PAR] n. pl. isth\u00b7mus\u00b7es or isth\u00b7mi (-m\u012b\u2032) [PAR] 1. A narrow strip of land connecting two larger masses of land. [PAR] 2. Anatomy [PAR] a. A narrow strip of tissue joining two larger organs or parts of an organ. [PAR] b. A narrow passage connecting two larger cavities. [PAR] [Latin, from Greek isthmos.] [PAR] n, pl -muses or -mi (-ma\u026a) [PAR] 1. (Physical Geography) a narrow strip of land connecting two relatively large land areas [PAR] 2. (Anatomy) anatomy [PAR] a. a narrow band of tissue connecting two larger parts of a structure [PAR] b. a narrow passage connecting two cavities [PAR] [C16: from Latin, from Greek isthmos] [PAR] \u02c8isthmoid adj [PAR] (\u02c8\u026as m\u0259s) [PAR] n., pl. -mus\u2022es, -mi (-m\u012b). [PAR] 1. a narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, connecting two larger bodies of land. [PAR] 2. a relatively narrow passage or strip of tissue joining two cavities or parts of an organ. [PAR] [1545\u201355; < Latin < Greek isthm\u00f3s narrow passage, isthmus] [PAR] isth\u2032moid, adj. [PAR] A narrow neck of land that joins two larger areas of land. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] isthmus - a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas [PAR] dry land , ground , solid ground , terra firma , earth , land - the solid part of the earth's surface; \"the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land\"; \"the earth shook for several minutes\"; \"he dropped the logs on the ground\" [PAR] 2. [PAR] tissue - part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function [PAR] isthmus [PAR] noun strip , spit the isthmus of Panama [PAR] Translations [PAR] [\u02c8\u026asm\u0259s] N (isthmuses or isthmi (pl)) \u2192 istmo m [PAR] isthmus [PAR] n \u2192 Landenge f, \u2192 Isthmus m [PAR] isthmus [PAR] isthmus [PAR] (\u02c8ism\u0259s) noun [PAR] a narrow strip of land joining two larger pieces. the Isthmus of Panama. landengte \u0628\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0632\u064e\u062e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u043a istmo \u0161\u00edje die Landenge landtange \u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 istmo maakitsus \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0647\u061b \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0647 kannas isthme \u05de\u05b5\u05d9\u05e6\u05b8\u05e8 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f prevlaka f\u00f6ldszoros tanah genting ei\u00f0i, grandi istmo \u5730\u5ce1 \uc9c0\ud611(\u5730\u5cfd) s\u0105siauris zemes\u0161aurums segenting landengte landtange , eid przesmyk \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u0649 istmo istm \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0435\u043a \u0161ija zemeljska o\u017eina zemljouz n\u00e4s \u0e04\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e14 k\u0131stak, berzah \u5730\u5cfd \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043a \u062e\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u06af \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06c1 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u062e\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06d2 eo \u0111\u1ea5t \u5730\u5ce1 [PAR] isth\u00b7mus [PAR] n. istmo. 1. conducto estrecho que conecta dos cavidades o dos partes mayores; 2. constricci\u00f3n entre dos partes de un \u00f3rgano o estructura; [PAR] aortic ___ \u2192 ___ de la aorta; [PAR] ___ of auditory tube \u2192 ___ del tubo auditivo; [PAR] ___ of the encephalon \u2192 ___ del enc\u00e9falo; [PAR] ___ of the eustachian tube \u2192 ___ de la trompa de Eustaquio; [PAR] ___ of the fauces \u2192 ___ de las fauces; [PAR] ___ of the ureter \u2192 ___ de la uretra; [PAR] pharyngeal ___ \u2192 ___ de la faringe; [PAR] tubaric ___ \u2192 ___ tub\u00e1rico. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Corinth [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] So that when I shall hereafter detail to you all the specialities and concentrations of potency everywhere lurking in this expansive monster; when I shall show you some"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Atoms - Qi-Wiki - Wikia Atoms | Qi-Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia's article \" QI (A series) \" (view authors here or here ). [PAR] The main component of air is nitrogen, which accounts for 78% of air. Only just under 21% is oxygen and 3/100ths of 1% is carbon dioxide. [1] [2] [PAR] The most boring place in Great Britain is a field outside Ousefleet, near Scunthorpe, according to the 1:50,000 Ordnance Survey map. It is the blankest square kilometre in the country, with only part of an electricity pylon in it. Alan suggested Salisbury Plain, forgetting that Stonehenge is on Salisbury Plain. Alan's uncle stood on a land mine on Salisbury Plain during his national service. [PAR] In 1983, with the aid of a sofa and a hot water bottle, Barbara Cartland wrote 23 novel s, which broke the record for the most novels written in one year. She was buried in a Corrugated cardboard coffin beneath an oak tree planted by Queen Elizabeth I. At her funeral, all the funeral-goers were given a leaf of the tree as a memento. She also said, \"I'll keep writing until my face falls off\". Clive James once compared Barbara Cartland's face to two crow s that had crashed into the White cliffs of Dover. [PAR] The ozone layer is fifteen miles (24 km) above the Earth's surface. Ozone smells faintly of geraniums. [PAR] Film critic John Simon described Walter Matthau as resembling \"a half-melted rubber bulldog \". [PAR] Atom s contain mostly empty space. Ernest Rutherford described the centre of an atom as \"flies in a cathedral \". The simplest atom is hydrogen, which has a nucleus with one proton, surrounded by one electron. If the proton was the size of a drawing pin, the electron would be the size of a pinhead and would be one kilometre away. [PAR] A hydrogen atom has more frequencies than a piano has notes. The discoverer of the hydrogen atom and the inventor of the grand piano lived just 3 minutes away from each other in Soho. [PAR] General Ignorance [PAR] This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia's article \" QI (A series) \" (view authors here or here ). [PAR] King Henry VIII technically had either Wives of three or four wives, [3] depending on the source. His marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled, the Pope declared his marriage with Anne Boleyn to be void as he was still married to Catherine of Aragon, and the marriage to Catherine of Aragon was declared void by Henry himself (as the new head of the Church of England) as it was illegal to marry the widow of one's brother (Catherine had previously been married to Henry's older brother Arthur). After his death, while being moved to Westminster Abbey, the king's body swelled in the heat and exploded. [PAR] The word silver rhymes with the English word 'chilver', [4] which is an ewe lamb. [PAR] All diamond s are created beneath the Earth's surface, and brought to the surface in volcano es. [5] Only 20 countries in the world make diamonds. South Africa is the fifth biggest behind Australia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Botswana and Russia. Diamonds and graphite are both made of pure carbon, but appear at opposite ends of the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Diamond has a score of ten, while graphite's score is around 1.2. [PAR] When travelling through sodium at -270 degrees, light slows to 38 miles per hour. The speed of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Human Heart \u2013 Diagram and Anatomy of the Heart Human Heart \u2013 Diagram and Anatomy of the Heart [PAR] Heart, Posterior [PAR] Full Heart Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . pulmonary arteries and veins, and the vena cava. The inferior tip of the heart, known as the apex, rests just superior to the diaphragm . The base of the heart is located along the body\u2019s midline with the apex pointing toward the left side. Because the heart points to the left, about 2/3 of the heart\u2019s mass is found on the left side of the body and the other 1/3 is on the right. [PAR] Anatomy of the Heart [PAR] Pericardium [PAR] The heart sits within a fluid-filled cavity called the pericardial cavity. The walls and lining of the pericardial cavity are a special membrane known as the pericardium. Pericardium is a type of serous membrane that produces serous fluid to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the ever beating heart and its surrounding organs. Besides lubrication, the pericardium serves to hold the heart in position and maintain a hollow space for the heart to expand into when it is full. The pericardium has 2 layers\u2014a visceral layer that covers the outside of the heart and a parietal layer that forms a sac around the outside of the pericardial cavity. [PAR] Structure of the Heart Wall [PAR] The heart wall is made of 3 layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. [PAR] Epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall and is just another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium. Thus, the epicardium is a thin layer of serous membrane that helps to lubricate and protect the outside of the heart. Below the epicardium is the second, thicker layer of the heart wall: the myocardium. [PAR] [PAR] Myocardium. The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the cardiac muscle tissue . Myocardium makes up the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart wall and is the part of the heart responsible for pumping blood. Below the myocardium is the thin endocardium layer. [PAR] [PAR] Endocardium. Endocardium is the simple squamous endothelium layer that lines the inside of the heart. The endocardium is very smooth and is responsible for keeping blood from sticking to the inside of the heart and forming potentially deadly blood clots. [PAR] The thickness of the heart wall varies in different parts of the heart. The atria of the heart have a very thin myocardium because they do not need to pump blood very far\u2014only to the nearby ventricles. The ventricles, on the other hand, have a very thick myocardium to pump blood to the lungs or throughout the entire body. The right side of the heart has less myocardium in its walls than the left side because the left side has to pump blood through the entire body while the right side only has to pump to the lungs. [PAR] Chambers of the Heart [PAR] The heart contains 4 chambers: the right atrium , left atrium , right ventricle , and left ventricle . The atria are smaller than the ventricles and have thinner, less muscular walls than the ventricles. The atria act as receiving chambers for blood, so they are connected to the veins that carry blood to the heart. The ventricles are the larger, stronger pumping chambers that send blood out of the heart. The ventricles are connected to the arteries that carry blood away from the heart. [PAR] The chambers on the right side of the heart are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minotaur | Greek mythology | Britannica.com Minotaur | Greek mythology | Britannica.com [PAR] Greek mythology [PAR] Horus [PAR] Minotaur, Greek Minotauros (\u201cMinos\u2019s Bull\u201d), in Greek mythology , a fabulous monster of Crete that had the body of a man and the head of a bull. It was the offspring of Pasiphae , the wife of Minos , and a snow-white bull sent to Minos by the god Poseidon for sacrifice. Minos, instead of sacrificing it, kept it alive; Poseidon as a punishment made Pasiphae fall in love with it. Her child by the bull was shut up in the Labyrinth created for Minos by Daedalus. [PAR] Theseus killing the Minotaur, detail of a vase painting by the Kleophrades Painter, 6th century \u2026 [PAR] Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum [PAR] This 1972 video, produced by Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Educational Corporation, shows how \u2026 [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] A son of Minos, Androgeos, was later killed by the Athenians; to avenge his death, Minos demanded that seven Athenian youths and seven maidens should be sent every ninth year (or, according to another version, every year) to be devoured by the Minotaur. When the third time of sacrifice came, the Athenian hero Theseus volunteered to go, and, with the help of Ariadne, daughter of Minos and Pasiphae, he killed the monster and ended the tribute. Theseus escaped with Ariadne. A modern version of the tale is told in Mary Renault\u2019s novel The King Must Die (1958). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Theseus and the Minotaur - Martin Taylor Home Page The Minotaur [PAR] Theseus and the Minotaur [PAR] The story of Theseus and the Minotaur is one of the stranger legends of Classical mythology. But much of the story seems to have a plausible rational explanation, in principle, if not in detail. [PAR] The Legend in brief [PAR] In some far distant time (as seen by the Classical Greeks) King Minos ruled the Aegean. He demanded in tribute every year a group of Athenian youths and maidens. These were delivered to the Labyrinth, in the middle of which lived the Minotaur, a terrifying creature that was half human and half bull. Once anyone entered the Labyrinth, they could never find their way out again; the Minotaur devoured the youths and maidens as they tried to escape. After many years of this, a courageous youth called Theseus volunteered to be one of the group. When Ariadne, the daughter of King Minos, saw Theseus, she took a liking to him, and helped him by giving him a thread that he paid out after him when he entered the Labyrinth. When Theseus encountered the Minotaur, they fought, and Theseus killed the beast. After escaping by backtracking along the thread, he took Ariadne with him as he left Crete. But he did not go straight back to Athens with her. Instead, he abandoned her on Naxos. Naxos is a large island in the Cyclades about 200 km north of Crete and the same distance east-south-east of Athens. That's the usual version, but Homer, in the Odyssey, says that Ariadne was put into a deep sleep and had to be left on Dia, which is a very small island just off the coast of Crete opposite Amnisos, which was the port of Knossos. [PAR] Some probable facts [PAR] There are two threads of probable facts that seem to me likely to underly this strange legend. One is the relationship between Mycenean Greece and Minoan Crete, and the other is the influence of earlier civilizations in Mesopotamia and the Levant (modern"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What role does Curio play in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night ... What role does Curio play in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night? | eNotes [PAR] What role does Curio play in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night? [PAR] Tamara K. H. | Middle School Teacher | (Level 3) Educator Emeritus [PAR] Posted on [PAR] September 9, 2013 at 6:51 AM [PAR] Curio has a very minor role in Twelfth Night, only appearing in 3 scenes and only speaking in 2 out of those 3 scenes. His role can be considered the role of a stock character. A stock character is a character type that appears repeatedly within certain genres. Shakespeare made use of many stock characters, including ill-tempered wives, bragging soldiers, \"clowns, outlaws, clever servants, [and] female confidants\" ( Dr. Schwartz, \"Shakespeare's Plays: Comedy\" ). He especially frequently makes use of a \"jester, fool, or buffoon\" (Schwartz). While Curio does not have as a great a role as a character like Nurse in Romeo and Juliet, who especially fits the description of a clever servant, he proves to be very intelligent, sensible, and even compassionate, showing us that he fits the description of a clever servant stock character. [PAR] Among Curio's very few lines, one thing is said with the purpose of distracting Duke Orsino from his alleged suffering. After Duke Orsino opens the play by moaning over his feelings for Olivia, Curio suggests that Orsino go out hunting as a means of distracting him, as we see in Curio's line, \"Will you go hunt, my lord?\" (I.i.16). He then suggests that Orsino go out and hunt a hart, meaning stag. Whether or not Curio is deliberately making a pun out of hart in the same way that Orsino does in the next lines is unclear. If Curio was intentionally making a pun, he may have been subtly telling Orsino to stop sitting their moping and go out and do something about his lovesickness, which would certainly portray Curio's cleverness. At any rate, Curio is certainly showing wisdom in wanting to distract Orsino from his absurd suffering. [PAR] Curio even shows compassion the next time he speaks in Act 2, Scene 4 by respectfully doing Orsino's bidding. In this scene, again feeling glum, Orsino asks for some music as music is the \"food of love.\" Specifically, he asks for a song he heard sung last night. When Curio says the singer is not present in the room and Orsino asks who sang it, Curio readily answers that Feste sang it, \"a fool that the Lady Olivia's father took much delight in,\" and quickly goes to find him in the house (II.iv.12-13). Curio's willingness to find Feste to entertain Orsino with another song to feed his woes of love shows us that, while Curio may not agree with his master's behavior, he can certainly feel compassionate enough and respectful enough to do Orsino's bidding, showing us that Curio certainly fills the role of a clever servant stock character. [PAR] Sources:[DOC] [TLE] Twelfth Night Characters - The Ultimate Free Shakespeare ... Twelfth Night Characters [PAR] Twelfth Night Characters [PAR] Sir Toby Belch [PAR] Sir Toby Belch is Olivia\u2019s uncle and something of a minor-league Falstaff. A penniless drunkard who sets stock by his nobility of birth, with a taste for pickled herrings that likely leave him flatulent, he makes himself quite at home at his niece\u2019s."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egypt | Ethnologue Egypt | Ethnologue [PAR] Ethnologue [PAR] Egypt [PAR] A country in Africa [PAR] The number of individual languages listed for Egypt is 15. All are living languages. Of these, 10 are indigenous and 5 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 2 are institutional, 5 are developing, 5 are vigorous, 2 are in trouble, and 1 is dying. [PAR] Official Name [PAR] Egyptian Spoken Arabic, Standard Arabic [PAR] Literacy Rate [PAR] 74% (2012 World Bank) [PAR] Immigrant Languages [PAR] Adyghe, Amharic (5,000), Armenian (6,000), Greek, North Levantine Spoken Arabic (84,600), Sudanese Spoken Arabic (1,520,000), Ta\u2019izzi-Adeni Spoken Arabic (84,600) [PAR] General References [PAR] Applegate 1970, Wehr and Cowan 1976 [PAR] Language Counts [PAR] The number of individual languages listed for Egypt is 15. All are living languages. Of these, 10 are indigenous and 5 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 2 are institutional, 5 are developing, 5 are vigorous, 2 are in trouble, and 1 is dying. [PAR] Products"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Things You May Not Know About Jesse James - History Lists 7 Things You May Not Know About Jesse James - History Lists [PAR] History Lists [PAR] December 8, 2014 By Elizabeth Nix [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 7 Things You May Not Know About Jesse James [PAR] Author [PAR] 7 Things You May Not Know About Jesse James [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] On December 7, 1869, 22-year-old Jesse James robbed the Daviess County Savings Association bank in Gallatin, Missouri, and killed the cashier. The crime, while far from James\u2019 first act of violence, led him to be labeled an outlaw for the first time in newspapers and prompted the state\u2019s governor to offer rewards for the capture of James and his older brother, Frank, who was believed to have taken part in the holdup. Over the next dozen years, until his death in 1882, Jesse James would become one of America\u2019s most famous bandits, sticking up banks, stage coaches and trains. Check out seven fascinating facts about the legendary lawbreaker. [PAR] Jesse James was a preacher\u2019s son [PAR] Frank and Jesse James' mother, Zerelda (Credit: The Print Collector/Getty Images) [PAR] Born in Clay County, Missouri, on September 5, 1847, Jesse Woodson James was the son of Kentucky native Zerelda Cole James and her husband, Robert James, a Baptist minister and slave-owning hemp farmer who assisted in founding William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri. In 1850, Robert James traveled to California to preach in the gold mining camps; however, not long after arriving he became sick and died. Zerelda and her children\u2014Jesse, his brother and future partner-in-crime, Frank, and younger sister, Susan\u2014were plunged into perilous financial straits. In 1852, Zerelda married a wealthy, older man and moved in with him, but he disliked the James children so they were made to live with another family. Zerelda soon left the marriage and returned to her first husband\u2019s farm with her children. When she wed for a third time, in 1855, her husband, with whom she would have four more children, moved onto the farm. After Frank and Jesse grew up to become outlaws, Zerelda, who was known as iron-willed, remained their staunch supporter. [PAR] He was a Confederate guerilla in the U.S. Civil War. [PAR] Jesse and Frank James, c. 1872 [PAR] During the Civil War, Missouri, a border state, was home to guerilla fighting initiated by forces on both sides of the conflict. Frank James fought with the pro-secession Missouri State Guard at the start of the war then joined a band of Confederate guerillas, also known as bushwhackers, who carried out attacks against Union sympathizers in the region. In May 1863, while at his family\u2019s farm, a teenage Jesse was ambushed and his stepfather hung from a tree (he survived) by Union militiamen seeking the whereabouts of Frank and his fellow insurgents. That August, Frank took part in a raid spearheaded by guerilla leader William Quantrill on the abolitionist town of Lawrence, Kansas, during which some 200 men and boys were killed and numerous buildings were destroyed. By age 16, Jesse followed in Frank\u2019s footsteps and became a marauding bushwhacker. He and his brother joined a gang led by William \u201cBloody Bill\u201d Anderson and participated in a number of violent incidents, including a September 1864 raid on Centralia, Missouri. In that raid, at least 20 unarmed Union soldiers were forced from a train and executed by the guerillas, who then slaughtered more than 100 federal troops trying to hunt them down. The guerillas viciously mutilated many of their victims\u2019 corpses. [PAR] In May 1865, a month"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The World at War - Celebrating Films of the 1960s & 1970s \u201cSpectacular series\u201d [PAR] Director Oliver Stone [PAR] This \u2018jewel in the nation\u2019s crown\u2019 is being re-released to celebrate the 40th Anniversary of its first broadcast which took place on 31st October 1973 [PAR] The World at War is regarded by many to be one of the greatest documentary series of all time. This BAFTA and Emmy Award winning documentary series, which was first broadcast 40 years ago, was the first factual series of its kind to document the full history of World War II. The series was memorably narrated by legendary screen actor and stage icon [PAR] Sir Laurence Olivier. [PAR] The World at War has been inspiring film makers and historians for the past 40 years including such programmes as the BBC\u2019s \u2018Nazis a Warning from History\u2019, produced by Laurence Reece, and more recently Oliver Stone\u2019s \u2018Untold History of the United States\u2019 , both series creators\u2019 laying claim to being inspired by The World at War. [PAR] Available now to buy from Amazon [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] The World at War was conceived and produced by Sir Jeremy Isaacs and was first broadcast on the ITV Network on the 31st October 1973. Making use of of rare black and white and colour film archive footage supplied by the Imperial War Museum, this 26 part documentary series investigates the events surrounding World War II and features interviews with major members of the Allied and Axis campaigns, including civilian eyewitnesses, enlisted men, officers, government advisors and politicians, to create what is widely agreed to be the definitive history of World War II and a landmark in British television history. [PAR] In 2010 the series went through a major digital restoration upgrade to HD - the archive film used in the series is the only World War II footage of its kind to be restored and remastered to HD 16.9 and 5.1 Sound. [PAR] Lord Olivier provided brilliant narration for the series. [PAR] DVD & Blu-ray Specifications"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com Facts: 10 Things You Didn't Know About the Web ... Amazon.com Facts: 10 Things You Didn't Know About the Web's Biggest Retailer [PAR] Amazon.com Facts: 10 Things You Didn't Know About the Web's Biggest Retailer [PAR] 2.7k [PAR] By Amy-Mae Turner [PAR] 2011-07-22 15:09:45 UTC [PAR] One of the giants to survive the dotcom crash, Amazon.com is as much of a landmark on the web as the Eiffel Tower is to Paris. In 16 years, \"Wall Street Wunderkind\" Jeff Bezos has grown the business from a tiny startup operating on second-hand computers in his garage to a global company with 12 major retail websites. [PAR] Amazon.com may account for around a third of all U.S. ecommerce sales, boast over 33,000 employees around the world and own such big names as IMDB, Zappos.com, Woot and LOVEFiLM, but how much do you really know about the web's largest retailer? [PAR] We've dug deep and found 10 fascinating facts about the etailing behemoth that you may not know. Take a look through the slide show and let us know in the comments any Amazon.com tidbits you find interesting. [PAR] 10 Fascinating Facts About Amazon.com [PAR] 1. How Amazon.com Got Its Name [PAR] Amazon.com was very nearly called \"Cadabra,\" as in \"abracadabra.\" Founder Jeff Bezos rapidly re-conceptualized the name when his lawyer misheard the word as \"cadaver.\" [PAR] Bezos instead named the business after the river reportedly for two reasons. One, to suggest scale (Amazon.com launched with the tagline \"Earth's biggest book store\") and two, back then website listings were often alphabetical. [PAR] 2. The First Book Sale [PAR] Amazon.com sold its first book from Jeff Bezos' Seattle area garage in July of 1995. The book was Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought. [PAR] During its first month in business, Amazon.com received orders from people in 50 U.S. states and 45 countries across the world. [PAR] 3. The Dotcom Crash & Jeff Bezos' Optimism [PAR] Amazon.com survived the dotcom crash, but was hit hard. From a high of around $100, at one point its shares reached a low of just $6. [PAR] In fact, Amazon.com saw losses of $3 billion in its early years and didn't report a profit until the last quarter of 2001 -- six years after launch. It didn't see full-year profit until 2003. [PAR] Bezos, however, was not fazed by the drop. Fast Company reported on a presentation the Amazon.com founder made to a PC Forum conference in 2001: [PAR] \"First, Bezos showed a slide focusing on Amazon's stock as it fell from its $100-a-share peak (adjusted for splits) to its $6 nadir. If you look at things this way, he said, you're a pessimist. Then he displayed a slide charting Amazon's cumulative wealth creation as a sharp upward line between two points: the day the stock went public ($1.50, split-adjusted) and that day ($11.64). I prefer to look at it this way, Bezos told the tough crowd, and that's why I'm an optimist.\" [PAR] 4. Amazon.com's \"Door Desks\" [PAR] One of the reasons that Amazon.com managed to survive was that it didn't go for the dotcom excesses to which other startups of the time succumbed. [PAR] In fact, Amazon.com's offices boasted cheap \"door desks,\" described by former Amazon.com employee (and creator of the site's recommendation engine) Greg Linden as \"the quintessential example of Amazon's frugality.\" [PAR] \"Buy a wooden door, preferably a hollow core wooden door with no holes predrilled. Saw a couple 4\" x 4\" x 6' pillars in half. Bolt them to the door with a couple"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hungary - Country Profile - Magyarorsz\u00e1g Hungary - Country Profile - Magyarorsz\u00e1g [PAR] Republic of Hungary | Magyar Koztarsasag [PAR] Country Profile [PAR] Flag of Hungary [PAR] Background: [PAR] Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. [PAR] In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. In the more open GORBACHEV years, Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and steadily shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. [PAR] Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Hungary developed close political and economic ties to Western Europe. It joined NATO in 1999 and is a frontrunner in a future expansion of the EU. [PAR] (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) [PAR] int'l long form: Republic of Hungary [PAR] int'l short form: Hungary [PAR] Time Zone: Central European Time (CET) [PAR] Actual Time: Fri-Jan-20 09:32 [PAR] Capital City: Budapest (est. pop. 2 million) [PAR] Other Cities: [PAR] Debrecen (220,000); Miskolc (208,000); Szeged (189,000); Pecs (183,000). [PAR] Government: [PAR] Constitution: August 20, 1949. Substantially rewritten in 1989, amended in 1990. [PAR] Geography: [PAR] Location: Central Europe, northwest of Romania. [PAR] Area : 93,028 km\u00b2 (35,918 sq. mi.) [PAR] Terrain: Mostly flat, with low mountains in the north and northeast and north of Lake Balaton. [PAR] Climate: Temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers. [PAR] People: [PAR] Population : 9.9 million (2012) [PAR] Ethnic groups: Magyar 92%, Romany 4% (est.), German 2%, Slovak 1%, others 1%. [PAR] Religions: Roman Catholic 68%, Calvinist 21%, Lutheran 4%, Jewish 1%, others, including Baptist Adventist, Pentecostal, Unitarian 3%. [PAR] Languages : Magyar 98%, other 2%. [PAR] Literacy: 99%. [PAR] Natural resources: Bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land. [PAR] Agriculture products: Wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products. [PAR] Industries: Mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Last British King to Lead Troops & Die in Battle ... The Last British King to Lead Troops & Die in Battle - Matt Limb Battlefield Tours [PAR] Matt Limb Battlefield Tours [PAR] The Last British King to Lead Troops & Die in Battle [PAR] George II at Battle of Dettingen [PAR] George II was the last British monarch born outside the British Isles of Great Britain; George was born and brought up in what is now known as Northern Germany. He became king in 1727, then during the War of the Austrian Succession, George II fought at the Battle of Dettingen on 27 June 1743; as armies from Great Britain, Hanover and Austria battled with France and thus became the last British monarch to lead an army in battle. [PAR] To find the last English monarch to die leading his men in battle, we must look back another 250 hundred years. It was Richard III, King of England for just two years, from his coronation in 1483 until his death in 1485, when he dies leading his troops at the Battle of Bosworth Field. [PAR] It is this event, at Bosworth Field, that William Shakespeare illustrates in his play \u2018Richard III\u2019 with the immortal words [PAR] \u201cA horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse!\u201d [PAR] Richard III [PAR] [PAR] But while Richard III may have been the last English monarch to die leading his troops in battle and then spend centuries buried under what was to become council car park in Leicester; he was certainly not the last British monarch to do so! [PAR] This mark of respect falls to James IV of Scotland, at the Battle of Flodden, sometimes referred to as The Battle of Branxton, which was fought in Northumberland on 9 September 1513, some thirty years later. [PAR] King James IV lead an invading Scottish army and faced an English army commanded by the Earl of Surrey, the day ended with victory for the English army, and is the largest battle, in terms of fighting troops, fought between the two nations. James IV was killed in the battle, becoming the last monarch from the British Isles to suffer such a fate. [PAR] On 27 February 2014 / Misc Battles [PAR] Search the website [PAR] To Find Fathers from Omaha Beach \u2192 [PAR] To visit the place a relative, or loved one, fought and to try to understand what they endured is one of the most popular reasons for a battlefield tour, and recently it was this reason that Mike and Claudia Houpt travelled from Mississippi to Normandy. Mike\u2019s wife Claudia wanted to\u2026 Read more\u2026 \u2192 [PAR] Recent Clients Comments [PAR] \u2018You have an excellent blend of visualisation, stories and analysis that keeps everyone engaged, it was a well balance battlefield tour and the administration was faultless; again thank you\u2019 [PAR] Gary Bateman, Scotland [PAR] I really enjoyed the battlefield tour of Normandy, as I now read books or view movies, it will give me a better perspective of what they went through\u2019 [PAR] Walter Gilmer, Mississippi USA [PAR] \u2018\u2026 you managed to make it all so much more interesting. The Sunken Lane where the Lancashire Fusiliers suffered so many casualties; the place poet Siegfried Sassoon won his Military Cross plus so many more interesting and moving stories, thank you\u2019 [PAR] Colonel (Retired) Potter OBE, England [PAR] \u2018To actually get to the spot where my Grandfather died and find where he is buried, and try to imagine just what he went through is beyond words\u2019 [PAR] Keith & Janet Ryder, New Zealand [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Motor Museums in England - GoThisPlace Motor Museums in England - GoThisPlace [PAR] motor museums in england [PAR] motor museums in england [PAR] 1-25 of about 30 results in 0.80 seconds [PAR] England has an unenviable selection of motor museums from Buses, Bubble cars and Buggies. Though for petrolhead heaven head for Hampshire's National Motor Museum at Beaulieu. [PAR] Home: London, UK [PAR] London Motor Museum - 0 Miles (5.8) [PAR] On display are classic American cars from 1950 to 1970. Similar [PAR] Brooklands Museum - 0 Miles (4.8) [PAR] Brooklands Museum, The Birthplace of British Motorsport and Aviation. the museum offers The Brookl\u2026 Similar [PAR] Mercedes Benz World - 0 Miles (5.8) [PAR] Mercedes-Benz World is a brand experience centre. At this impressive destination, visitors will fin\u2026 Similar [PAR] Bentley Wildfowl - 25 Miles (5.1) [PAR] A wildfowl reserve with an amazing collection of ducks, geese and swan. it also has a motor museum\u2026 Similar [PAR] Oxford Bus Museum - 38 Miles (6.1) [PAR] the bus collection as of national importance. Over 40 vehicles are on display. Most are buses in \u2026 Similar [PAR] Beaulieu Estate - 52 Miles (9.1) [PAR] Beaulieu, National Park, National Motor Museum, Palace House and historic Beaulieu Abbey. Similar [PAR] Heritage Motor Centre - 53 Miles (9.6) [PAR] The Heritage Motor Centre is home to the worlds largest collection of historic British cars. The vi\u2026 Similar [PAR] Cotswold Motoring Museum - 55 Miles (5.8) [PAR] You can visit Brum at his home and see where he was filmed. Along with cars and motor cycles, Brita\u2026 Similar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mal de mer | definition of mal de mer by Medical dictionary Mal de mer | definition of mal de mer by Medical dictionary [PAR] Mal de mer | definition of mal de mer by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mal+de+mer [PAR] Related to mal de mer: mal de mar [PAR] mal [PAR] mal de Meleda symmetrical keratosis of the palms and soles associated with a dry, scaly thickening of the wrists and ankles. [PAR] mal de mer seasickness . [PAR] sea\u00b7sick\u00b7ness [PAR] (s\u0113'sik-n\u0115s), [PAR] A form of motion sickness caused by the motion of a floating platform, such as a ship, boat, or raft. [PAR] See kinesia . [PAR] seasickness [PAR] A permutation of motion sickness, which occurs when a susceptible individual is subjected to the pitching and rolling of a ship, especially at the extreme fore or aft of the vessel. [PAR] sea\u00b7sick\u00b7ness [PAR] (s\u0113'sik-n\u0115s) [PAR] A form of motion sickness caused by the movement of a floating platform, such as a ship, boat, or raft."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Canada Auto Transport Quotes | International Shipping Canada Auto Transport Quotes | International Shipping [PAR] Seaboard International Shipping Companies [PAR] Car Transportation Between the US and Canada [PAR] In most cases, citizens of the US and Canada can bring their cars into and out of either country without too many restrictions. However, if you plan to stay in either country for more than just a few days, you need to take steps to register it officially. The rules vary depending on whether you are importing the car on a permanent or a temporary basis. There are very few restrictions for a temporary stay in either country. However, if you plan on permanently shipping a car from Canada to the US or the other way around, you need to comply with a series of vehicle safety and emissions requirements. [PAR] Import Requirements [PAR] Canada for example, requires all US vehicles that are brought into the country to have the equivalent of daytime running lights installed on the vehicle within 45 days after it is imported into the country. Canada\u2019s tough emission standards prohibit certain cars from being imported into the country from the US as well. The US, meanwhile, has tough standards for vehicle safety, and does not permit the import of vehicles that are more than 25-years old. [PAR] Trans-Border Car Shipping Companies [PAR] Canada international shipping companies will pick up your car from your door and transport it across the border for you and handle all customs processes on your behalf as well. You will be required to provide the shipping company with your original title documents, registration, and bill of sale. If your vehicle ever had a safety recall, you will also be required to get a certification directly from the manufacturer stating that the recall issue has been addressed. [PAR] Complete Suite of Shipping Services [PAR] Most major Canada international car shipping companies offer vehicle inspection as part of their services. They will do a complete, bumper-to-bumper inspection of your vehicle to see if there are any issues related to safety or emissions that you need to address before you can ship your vehicle across the border. If you want a shipping company to transport your car, you will need to give them your original title. Cars that cross the border without a title will be stored in a customs-bonded warehouse, from which you will need to clear it subsequently. You will be charged a storage fee for every day that your car remains in the customs warehouse. [PAR] In general, importing or exporting cars between the U.S. and Canada is a fairly straightforward process if you know what to do. Canada international shipping companies can make the task of transporting your car across the border even simpler by taking all the guess work out of the process. [PAR] Importing a car to Canada from the United States is a relatively straightforward process so long as you know what needs to be done. People in Canada often buy cars in the U.S. and want it shipped back to their country. Or, you might need to ship a car to Canada because you are relocating to the country for job purposes, settling there permanently, or going there for studies. The important thing to remember is that, regardless of why you want to import a car to Canada, the process for doing it remains the same. [PAR] Vehicle Admissibility [PAR] Before you can even begin the process of shipping a car to Canada you will need to first determine if your American vehicle is eligible for import"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United World Wrestling United World Wrestling | [PAR] From the Olympic Games in Rio to the world championships in Budapest, wrestling enjoyed one of the... Read more [PAR] Wednesday, December 28, 2016 - 22:14 [PAR] The World Cup for Belt Wrestling Alysh held earlier this month to mark the end of the competition... Read more [PAR] Tuesday, December 27, 2016 - 17:59 [PAR] The United World Wrestling bureau met earlier this month at the 2016 World Championships in... Read more [PAR] Sunday, December 11, 2016 - 22:24 [PAR] Magomed KURBANALIEV (RUS) made his trip to the Hungarian capital golden, and Ramazan ABACHARAEV (... Read more [PAR] Sunday, December 11, 2016 - 18:36 [PAR] Magomed KURBANALIEV (RUS) won the battle of Budapest 2013 bronze medalists Sunday to advance to his... Read more [PAR] Sunday, December 11, 2016 - 11:10 [PAR] Follow all the action from #Budapest2016 live on United World Wrestling's event page. Up-to-... Read more [PAR] Saturday, December 10, 2016 - 20:37 [PAR] Local hero Balint KORPASI (HUN) hammered out a 2-1 decision in the 71kg Greco-Roman final on... Read more [PAR] Saturday, December 10, 2016 - 17:27[DOC] [TLE] TASS: Sport - FILA, international wrestling federation ... TASS: Sport - FILA, international wrestling federation, renamed United World Wrestling [PAR] FILA, international wrestling federation, renamed United World Wrestling [PAR] September 07, 2014, 12:04 UTC+3 TASHKENT [PAR] The organisation\u2019s charter has also been approved [PAR] Share [PAR] 1 pages in this article [PAR] Serbian Nenad Lalovic, President of the United World Wrestling (UWW) (former International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, FILA) [PAR] TASHKENT, September 07 /ITAR-TASS/. FILA, the international wrestling federation, has officially changed its name into United World Wrestling (UWW) at the FILA congress in Tashkent on Sunday. [PAR] Read also [PAR] FILA Congress to take place in Tashkent [PAR] The organisation\u2019s charter has also been approved. [PAR] In Croatia\u2019s Dubrovnik on June 14, the FILA Bureau supported the idea of FILA President Nenad Lalovic on the organisation\u2019s rebranding and approved his proposal to give the organisation a new name - United World Wrestling. [PAR] On February 12, 2013, the Executive Committee of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at its meeting in Lausanne did not include wrestling in 25 Olympic sports of 2020. To mend the situation, FILA took extraordinary measures, in particular, elected its new President Nenad Lalovic who replaced Raphael Marinetti. [PAR] As a result, the IOC Executive Committee at a meeting in St. Petersburg on May 30 voted for including wrestling in the list of recommended Olympic sports, and on September 8, 2013, wrestling returned to this list, outdoing softball/baseball and squash on the results of the IOC voting at the 125th session of the organisation in Buenos Aires. [PAR] {{item.group_date}}"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 - Sporcle General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 [PAR] The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? [PAR] La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? [PAR] Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? [PAR] The medical condition \u2018aphonia\u2019 is the inability to do what? [PAR] In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? [PAR] Who played the title role in the 1953 film \u2018The Glenn Miller Story\u2019? [PAR] A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? [PAR] In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? [PAR] In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? [PAR] The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? [PAR] What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? [PAR] On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? [PAR] Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the \u2018Brides in the \u2018what\u2019 murderer\u2019? [PAR] In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? [PAR] A peregrine is what type of bird? [PAR] What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? [PAR] Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost\u2019s first husband? [PAR] British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? [PAR] Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film \u2018Born on the Fourth of July\u2019? [PAR] Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? [PAR] Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film \u2018Space Jam\u2019? [PAR] In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? [PAR] In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? [PAR] In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? [PAR] In the human body, where is the atrium? [PAR] The OK Corral is in which US town? [PAR] In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? [PAR] Which British boxer bought one of the original \u2018Only Fools and Horses\u2019 Reliant Robins in 2004? [PAR] Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? [PAR] Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? [PAR] Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film \u2018The Eagle Has Landed\u2019? [PAR] Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? [PAR] Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? [PAR] Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? [PAR] In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? [PAR] In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? [PAR] In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? [PAR] Question [PAR] Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? [PAR] Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? [PAR] Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? [PAR] Who was US actor Mickey Rooney\u2019s first wife? [PAR] The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? [PAR] In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Classic Aussie Songs - Australian Geographic Australian music: Top 10 Aussie songs - Australian Geographic [PAR] Tweet [PAR] AUSTRALIANS LOVE THEIR ICONS. Whether it's the Big Banana in Coffs Harbour, a meat pie at the footy, Kylie Minogue in a disco ball or vegemite on toast, we are not ones to shy away from tradition. Music has also played a huge part in shaping the Australian culture, and here's a list the 10 most iconic Aussie songs. [PAR] 1. True Blue - John Williamson [PAR] You cannot get much more iconic than this 1981 Australian folk song. The song is jam packed with Aussie slang lyrics and hidden meanings about mateship and the Australian way of life. [PAR] [PAR] 2. Down Under - Men At Work [PAR] This patriotic song topped the Australian, Britain and American music charts in the 1980s, giving the band instant success. Singer Colin Hay has said \"The chorus is really about the selling of Australia in many ways, the over-development of the country.\" [PAR] 3. Still Call Australia Home - Peter Allen [PAR] This 1980s ballad portrays a longing for the Australian home life. Versions of the song have been used in many advertising campaigns, such as Qantas and TasTV. [PAR] [PAR] 4. Khe Sanh - Cold Chisel [PAR] Released in 1978, this popular Australian song is regularly seen as a resonant symbol of the Australian culture. The lyrics focus on a bitter and disillusioned Australian Vietnam veteran who struggles to fit into society after returning from the war. [PAR] [PAR] 5. Great Southern Land - Icehouse [PAR] This single was released by Australian rock band Icehouse in 1982. Noted as one of the most enduring songs about Australia, it describes the hidden spirituality our country possesses, without reverting to over-worked cliches. [PAR] [PAR] 6. Beds Are Burning - Midnight Oil [PAR] This 1988 rock song hit not only the music charts, but also a few political nerves. The song is about giving Australian land back to the Aboriginal people in Western Australia. [PAR] [PAR] 7. You're The Voice - John Farnham [PAR] Released in 1986, this song is one of Farnham's biggest international successes. The song is crying out for unity and peace within the world, and was awarded the 1987 ARIA Award for 'single of the year'. [PAR] [PAR] 8. Sounds of Then - GANGgajang [PAR] GANGgajang are an Australian rock band formed in the 1980s. Although their success wasn't immediate, the band became instantly popular when Sounds of Then, otherwise known as This is Australia, was used as a promotion for the Nine Networks Station in 1996. [PAR] [PAR] 9. Better Be Home Soon - Crowded House [PAR] Crowded House are a very successful New Zealand/Australian based rock group formed in the 1980s. The band has had consistent commercial and critical success all over the world, and is a major contributor to Australia's music culture. [PAR] [PAR] 10. For The Working Class Man - Jimmy Barnes [PAR] Australian rock singer Jimmy Barnes released this hit song in 1985, from his self-titled album Jimmy Barnes. This song defines what it is to be an Australian, and is a tribute to the working class man of the 1980s. [PAR] [PAR] 11. Throw your arms around me \u2013 Hunters & Collectors [PAR] While the \u201cromantic\u201d versus \u201cstalker\u201d take on the lyrics may be debated among some critics, the 1984 song has remained a recognisable Aussie favourite and was named by APRA as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time. [PAR] [PAR] 12. Long Way to the Top \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Books Make Up the Bible? - Church of the Great God What Books Make Up the Bible? [PAR] What Books Make Up the Bible? [PAR] Related [PAR] Which Bible Translation Is Best? [PAR] Most modern versions of the Bible contain 66 books, 39 in the Old Testament and 27 in the New Testament. Originally, the number of books in the Bible was 49 because the Jews divide the 39 Old Testament books into 22 books by combining several books into one (e.g., they combine the twelve Minor Prophets into one book). The New Testament canon has remained stable at 27 books since early times. A complete list appears below. [PAR] Old Testament [PAR] I. The Gospels and Acts [PAR] 1. Genesis [PAR] II. The Epistles of Paul [PAR] 6. Joshua-Judges [PAR] 7. Book of Kingdoms (I & II Samuel, I & II Kings, considered one book) [PAR] 7. I Corinthians [PAR] 11. The Twelve (The \"Minor\" Prophets, considered one book) [PAR] 11. Philippians [PAR] 21. Ezra-Nehemiah (considered one book) [PAR] 22. Chronicles (considered one book) [PAR] The church of God does not accept the Apocrypha (the books of Esdras, Tobit, Judith, The Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, the books of Maccabees, etc.) or any other so-called apostolic or early church writings as canonical. [PAR] [PAR] The Berean: Daily Verse and Comment [PAR] Sign up for the Berean: Daily Verse and Comment , and have Biblical truth delivered to your inbox. This daily newsletter provides a starting point for personal study, and gives valuable insight into the verses that make up the Word of God. See what over 135,000 subscribers are already receiving each day. [PAR] Email Address: [PAR] [PAR] We respect your privacy. Your email address will not be sold, distributed, rented, or in any way given out to a third party. We have nothing to sell. You may easily unsubscribe at any time.[DOC] [TLE] How Many Books Are in the Bible? | Bible.org How Many Books Are in the Bible? | Bible.org [PAR] How Many Books Are in the Bible? [PAR] The Doctrines That Divide 1 [PAR] Erwin W. Lutzer [PAR] Even the most casual Bible student knows that there are more books in the Catholic Bible than in the one used by Protestants. Where did these differences originate? On what basis were some books selected to be in the Bible, and why were others rejected? [PAR] Upon reflection, we could expect that there would be some dispute regarding these matters. After all, the Bible did not come down from heaven bound in beautiful leather and adorned with gold gilded pages. It is a very human book that reflects the styles of the writers and the cultural setting of the times. Yet, it is also a divine book, inspired by God, and therefore free from error in the original manuscripts. Like Christ who was truly God and truly man, so the Bible has a dual authorship. Questions about which books meet this criterion are to be expected. [PAR] The word canon comes from the Greek word kanon which means a ruler or measuring rod. In a metaphorical sense, it came to refer to the standard by which various books of the Bible were judged as worthy of being called the Word of God. Within time, the word kanon was applied to the books themselves; Athanasius is the first one known to have used \u201ccanon\u201d in such a context. [PAR] How the Books Were Collected [PAR] Some of the Old Testament books were immediately recognized as authoritative. Moses, after he wrote a book, put it in the Ark"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] J. Robert Oppenheimer - Biography, Facts and Pictures J. Robert Oppenheimer - Biography, Facts and Pictures [PAR] Blog [PAR] J. Robert Oppenheimer [PAR] J. Robert Oppenheimer, also known as \u201cthe father of the atomic bomb\u201d, was an American nuclear physicist and director of the Los Alamos Laboratory (Manhattan Project). With a project so big that involved the hard work of hundreds of gifted scientists, it may appear quite undue to give so much credit on the shoulders of Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer is, however, still the sole creator and inventor of the nuclear bomb to most people in the world. [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Early Life and Education: [PAR] Born in 1904 in New York City to a rich Jewish father, Oppenheimer became one of the brightest students at Harvard University at a youthful age of seventeen. He also went to Cambridge University in England for higher studies, where Ernest Rutherford , the famous British chemist and physicist, was his teacher. Oppenheimer acquired his Ph.D. from University of G\u00f6ttingen in Germany. [PAR] Although he spent most of his time carrying out research and publishing books about quantum theory and theoretical physics, he was probably more interested in the classics and Eastern philosophy. In 1929, Oppenheimer topped in all the units at the University of California and the California Institute of Technology. Most of the times, Oppenheimer had almost no time for his personal life. The growing popularity of Nazism in Germany during the 1930s, however, became a major event in his life, as it led him towards politics and resistance against the European fascist movement. [PAR] Oppenheimer subsequently joined left-wing politics, and became associated with several left-leaning organizations, which were somehow linked to the Communist Party. [PAR] Contributions and Achievements: [PAR] Niels Bohr and other European scientists informed their American contemporaries about the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute\u2019s successful attempt of splitting the atom in 1939. President Roosevelt was much concerned that the Nazis may utilize this extraordinary technology to create an atomic weapon. This fear led him to institute the Manhattan Project in 1941. [PAR] Oppenheimer was appointed the scientific director of the project. He advised that the project be housed at Los Alamos in New Mexico. After extensive hard work and rigorous struggle, the first nuclear bomb was exploded on July 16, 1945, with the power of approximately 18,000 tons of TNT, at Alamogordo Air Force Base in southern New Mexico. [PAR] Within one month, two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. The event almost instantly ended the war, after which Oppenheimer was made the chairperson of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. [PAR] Later Life and Death: [PAR] Oppenheimer, due to his conscience and regrets over making such horrible weapons of mass destruction, opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb in 1949. The bomb is often thought to be the Truman administration\u2019s answer to the Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb. Due to this unexpected move, Edward Teller, his colleague at Los Alamos, was made the director of the new project. Oppenheimer\u2019s patriotism was also questioned and he was even accused of \u201ccommunist sympathies\u201d due to his past political affiliations. [PAR] For the rest of his life, he shunned politics and performed his duties as the director of the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton. Oppenheimer died of cancer in Princeton in 1967. [PAR] Advertisements"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 12 Most Famous Rocks in the United States - Listosaur ... Top 12 Most Famous Rocks in the United States - Listosaur | Hungry for Knowledge [PAR] Listosaur | Hungry for Knowledge [PAR] Top 12 Most Famous Rocks in the United States [PAR] Home Travel Top 12 Most Famous Rocks in the United States [PAR] 60 [PAR] Famous rocks have been part of the American experience since 1620, when the Pilgrims first established a colony at Plymouth Rock. Since then, notable rocks have served as route markers for America\u2019s westward expansion, been used as movie props, provided giant canvases upon which to carve political and military leaders, and given us some interesting places to visit. Here are the 12 most famous rocks or rock formations in the United States. [PAR] 12. Haystack Rock [PAR] Haystack Rock is the most famous of several large \u201csea stacks\u201d caused by the erosion of ancient lava flows along the Oregon coast. Located near Cannon Beach, the 235-foot formation can be reached by foot during low tide. The best public access point is three-quarters of a mile south of the rock at Tolovana Beach State Park. [PAR] [PAR] 11. Shiprock [PAR] Shiprock, the core of a 30-million-year-old volcano, towers more than 1,500 feet over the surrounding terrain in northwest New Mexico. Long a sacred place for Navajo Indians, today the site draws hikers, photographers and climbers, although the climbing is a sore spot with local Navajo. [PAR] [PAR] 10. Beacon Rock [PAR] Located in Washington State along the Columbia River a few miles west of the Bonneville Dam, Beacon Rock was an imposing sight for explorers Lewis and Clark, who originally named the 848-foot-tall monolith \u201cBeaten Rock.\u201d The rock, which is the core of an ancient volcano, is regarded as the second-largest, freestanding monolith in the world, after the Rock of Gibraltar. Incredibly, it was once slated for destruction to provide rock for a Columbia River jetty before common sense prevailed. In the early 20th century, the owner \u2014 who purchased the rock for $1 \u2014 painstakingly carved a switchback trail into the side of the rock, allowing hikers access to the top. Today, the three-quarter-mile trail is maintained as part of Beacon Rock State Park. [PAR] [PAR] 9. Devils Tower [PAR] Although geologists classify it as an \u201cigneous intrusion,\u201d Devils Tower in northeast Wyoming is better known to many as one of the most famous movie props of all time, from its appearance in Steven Spielberg\u2019s science fiction classic Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Native Americans have long regarded the tower as sacred ground. Today, the 1,267-foot formation stands as the centerpiece of Devils Tower National Monument. [PAR] [PAR] 8. Natural Bridge, Virginia [PAR] Frederic Edwin Church\u2019s 1852 painting of Natural Bridge in Virginia. [PAR] Carved through the millennia by a simple creek, Natural Bridge in Virginia\u2019s Shenandoah Valley is one of the most famous natural sites from early American history. A young George Washington reportedly once surveyed the feature, and Thomas Jefferson owned the property for a time. Standing 215 feet high, with a span of 90 feet, the formation is open to the public. There is also a notable natural bridge in Kentucky, as well as many natural bridges in several national parks and monuments in the Western United States. Natural Bridge makes this list mainly because its early supporters were extremely persistent in promoting Natural Bridge, once hailed as \u201cThe Eighth Wonder of the World.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] 7. Stone Mountain [PAR] Confederate States of America icons Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis, along with their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] VC - Internet Country Abbreviations VC - Internet Country Abbreviations [PAR] Internet Country Abbreviations [PAR] Color: [ Red = unvisited ] [ Blue = visited ] [PAR] Ever wonder what country a given email or posting is from? [PAR] Can't remember if CA is Canada or California? [PAR] Answer: Canada is correct. California does not have its own code. It is not a country, but don't tell the natives there. They sometimes think it is. I know. I live with them. [PAR] Ever wonder if ES is Estonia? [PAR] Answer: ES is Spain where people speak Spanish (Think \"Espana,\" the name used by many to mean Spain). EE is Estonia where people speak Estonian. [PAR] Well, here is a list culled from different Internet sources, sorted 2 ways: by the two-letter country code and by the country name. [PAR] Note: [PAR] You may also visit Domain name registries around the world for a more complete and up to date list that includes more than just country codes, for example, gov for US Government, edu for Educational, mil for US Dept of Defense, org for Organizations, name for Personal, etc. [PAR] Go to: [ Home Page | Top | Sorted by code | Sorted by country | Bottom ] [PAR] Abbreviations sorted by country code [PAR] AC Ascension Island AD Andorra AE United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda AI Anguilla AL Albania AM Armenia AN Netherlands Antilles AO Angola AQ Antarctica AR Argentina AS American Samoa AT Austria AU Australia AW Aruba AZ Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados BD Bangladesh BE Belgium BF Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria BH Bahrain BI Burundi BJ Benin BM Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia BR Brazil BS Bahamas BT Bhutan BV Bouvet Island BW Botswana BY Belarus BZ Belize CA Canada CC Cocos (Keeling Islands) CF Central African Republic CG Congo CH Switzerland CI Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) CK Cook Islands CL Chile CM Cameroon CN China CO Colombia CR Costa Rica CU Cuba CV Cape Verde CX Christmas Island CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DJ Djibouti DK Denmark DM Dominica DO Dominican Republic DZ Algeria EC Ecuador EE Estonia EG Egypt EH Western Sahara ER Eritrea ES Spain ET Ethiopia EU Europe FI Finland FJ Fiji FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FM Micronesia FO Faroe Islands FR France FX France, Metropolitan GA Gabon GB United Kingdom GD Grenada GE Georgia GF French Guiana GH Ghana GI Gibraltar GL Greenland GM Gambia GN Guinea GP Guadeloupe GQ Equatorial Guinea GR Greece GS S. Georgia and S. Sandwich Isls. GT Guatemala GU Guam GW Guinea-Bissau GY Guyana HK Hong Kong HM Heard and McDonald Islands HN Honduras HR Croatia (Hrvatska) HT Haiti HU Hungary ID Indonesia IE Ireland IL Israel IN India IO British Indian Ocean Territory IQ Iraq IR Iran IS Iceland IT Italy JM Jamaica JO Jordan JP Japan KE Kenya KG Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic) KH Cambodia KI Kiribati KM Comoros KN Saint Kitts and Nevis KP Korea (North) (People's Republic) KR Korea (South) (Republic) KW Kuwait KY Cayman Islands KZ Kazakhstan LA Laos LB Lebanon LC Saint Lucia LI Liechtenstein LK Sri Lanka LR Liberia LS Lesotho LT Lithuania LU Luxembourg LV Latvia LY Libya MA Morocco MC Monaco MD Moldova MG Madagascar MH Marshall Islands MK Macedonia ML Mali MM Myanmar MN Mongolia MO Macau MP Northern Mariana Islands MQ Martinique MR Mauritania MS Montserrat MT Malta MU Mauritius MV Maldives MW Malawi MX Mexico MY Malaysia MZ Mozambique NA Namibia NC New Caledonia NE Niger NF Norfolk Island NG Nigeria NI Nicaragua NL"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Acetylene Manufacturing Technology - Process Detail of ... Acetylene Manufacturing Technology - Process Detail of Acetylene Production [PAR] Sales Helpline : +91-9810700052 [PAR] ACETYLENE GAS [PAR] Acetylene is a highly flammable gas which is colorless, lighter than air and has a garlic-like odor. Being colorless and inflammable gas, it is employed as a fuel and a chemical building block. It remains unstable in pure form so it is usually handled as a solution.The chemical compound with the formula C2H2 a compound of carbon and hydrogen. It is not only a hydrocarbon, but also the simplest alkyne. [PAR] How to generate acetylene? [PAR] Acetylene is commercially generated by the chemical reaction between calcium carbide and water. The reaction generates a significant amount of heat, which must be alleviated to avert the acetylene gas from exploding as in the BDM acetylene gas plants. [PAR] The chemical reaction between calcium carbide and water to generate acetylene [PAR] Discovery of Acetylene Gas [PAR] Edmund Davy, a professor of Chemistry and world fame scientist, had discovered acetylene all the way back in 1836 as a \"new carburet of hydrogen\". And in1860, it was re discovered by French chemist Marcellin Berthelot, who invented the name \"acetylene\".Marcellin has worked very hard to create the gas by passing vapours of organic compounds like methanol, ethanol, etc.via a red-hot tube and collecting the effluent. In addition, he also succeeded to create it by sparking electricity through mixed cyanogen and hydrogen gases. The pure gas does not have odor, while commercial gas has garlic-like odor due to the presence of impurities like hydrogen sulphide and phosphine. [PAR] Acetylene creation through thermal cracking process [PAR] Chemical Properties of Acetylene Gas [PAR] Molecular Weight: 26.038 [PAR] Flammable Limits: 2.5-100% in Air [PAR] CGA Valve: 510[DOC] [TLE] The History of Welding - Go Welding.Org \u2013 Learn to Weld ... The History of Welding \u2013 GoWelding.Org [PAR] The History of Welding [PAR] From the Middle Ages to Modern Technology [PAR] Welding is a method of repairing or creating metal structures by joining the pieces of metals or plastic through various fusion processes. Generally, heat is used to weld the materials. Welding equipments can utilize open flames, electric arc or laser light. [PAR] Middle Ages [PAR] The earliest evidence of welding can be traced back to the Bronze Age. The earliest examples of welding are welded gold boxes belonging to the Bronze Age. The Egyptians also learnt the art of welding. Several of their iron tools were made by welding. During the Middle Ages, a set of specialized workmen called blacksmiths came to the fore. Blacksmiths of the Middle Ages welded various types of iron tools by hammering. The welding methods remained more or less unchanged until the dawn of the 19th century. [PAR] 1800 [PAR] In the 19th century, major breakthroughs in welding were made. The use of open flames (acetylene) was an important milestone in the history of welding since open flames allowed the manufacture of intricate metal tools and equipments. Englishman Edmund Davy discovered acetylene in 1836 and acetylene was soon utilized by the welding industry. In 1800, Sir Humphrey Davy invented a battery operated tool which could produce an arc between carbon electrodes. This tool was extensively used in welding metals. [PAR] 1880 [PAR] In 1881, French scientist Auguste De Meritens succeeded in fusing lead plates by using the heat generated from an arc. Later, Russian scientist Nikolai N. Benardos and his compatriot Stanislaus Olszewski developed an electrode holder for which they secured US and British patents. [PAR] 1890 [PAR] During the 1890\u2019s, one of the most popular welding"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The RSPB: Pintail The RSPB: Pintail [PAR] Conservation status: Amber [PAR] Slightly bigger than a mallard, these long-necked and small-headed ducks fly with a curved back pointed wings and a tapering tail, making this the best way to distinguish them from other ducks in the UK. The pintail is a 'quarry' species, meaning that it can be legally shot in winter, but - unlike in parts of Europe - it does not appear that shooting is affecting their population status in the UK. The small breeding population and significant winter population make them an Amber List species. [PAR] Illustrations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry VIII and His Wives on Pinterest | Henry VIII, Anne ... 1000+ images about Henry VIII and His Wives on Pinterest | Queen anne, Mary boleyn and Aragon [PAR] Forward [PAR] Henry called Catherine Howard his \"Rose Without a Thorn\". Catherine married Henry VIII on 28 July 1540, at Oatlands Palace, in Surrey, almost immediately after the annulment of his marriage to Anne of Cleves was arranged. However, Catherine Howard was beheaded after less than two years of marriage to Henry on the grounds of treason for committing adultery while married to the King. Catherine was the third of Henry's consorts to have been a member of the English gentry. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Africa held and won the Rugby World Cup in 1995 ... South Africa held and won the Rugby World Cup in 1995 | South African History Online [PAR] South African History Online [PAR] Music Releases [PAR] You are here [PAR] Home \u00bb South Africa - First 20 Years of Democracy (1994 - 2014) \u00bb South Africa held and won the Rugby World Cup in 1995 [PAR] South Africa - First 20 Years of Democracy (1994 - 2014) [PAR] Related articles [PAR] Writers of The Constitution [PAR] South Africa held and won the Rugby World Cup in 1995 [PAR] South Africa hosted and won Rugby World Cup in 25 May-24 June 1995, and was the first major sporting event to be staged in country following the end of apartheid and the country\u2019s advent to democracy in 1994. Furthermore this event was the first in the history of Rugby World Cup in which every match was held in one country and the first World Cup in which South Africa was allowed to compete. South Africa was readmitted to international rugby by the then International Rugby Football Board shortly following the end of the international sports boycott due to the apartheid. South Africa participates in the tournament for the first time. In the final, held at Ellis Park in Johannesburg on 24 June, South Africa wins the tournament, defeating New Zealand 15-12. Following South Africa's victory, Nelson Mandela , the then President of South Africa, wearing a Springboks rugby shirt and cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to the South African captain Fran\u00e7ois Pienaar . This was a major milestone for the history of South African rugby which had long been an exclusively \u201cwhite\u201d\u009d sport. [PAR] Nelson Mandela hands the Webb Ellis trophy to Francois Pienaar in 1995 [PAR] Bafana Bafana staged and won the African Cup of Nations (AFCON) in 1996 [PAR] South Africa staged the AFCON tournament 1996, and it was Bafana Bafana's first tournament since re-admission to international football four years prior to the tournament. The 1996 Africa Cup of Nations was largely viewed a defining event in South African football. It was the national team, Bafana Bafana\u2019s second appearance in the tournament. During the tournament Bafana Bafana rose to the occasion, topping its group after beating Cameroon 3-0 and Angola 1-0 before losing 1-0 to Egypt. Bafana made it to the final round where they faced Tunisia. They beat Tunisia by two goals to one, and were crowned Africa\u2019s champions under the guidance of Clive Barker. The match was attended by then President Nelson Mandela , who had become famous for his \u2018Madiba magic\u2019 throughout the tournament. [PAR] Captain Neil Tovey lifted the cup in front of 80 000 fans at Soccer City with Nelson Mandela at his side [PAR] South Africa won 2007 Rugby World Cup The 2007 Rugby World Cup was the sixth Rugby World Cup and was hosted in France between 7 September-20 October with matches being played in Wales and Scotland. The tournament was won by South Africa who beat England 15-6 at Stade de France, Saint-Denis under the guidance of Jake White.South Africa becomes the second country to win the World Cup twice after Australia. John Smit accepted the William Webb Ellis Cup from South Africa former President Thabo Mbeki in a scene reminiscent of 1995 when then President Nelson Mandela presented the trophy to Fran\u00e7ois Pienaar [PAR] Captain John Smit celebrate with President Thabo Mbeki in France [PAR] South Africa 2010 FIFA World Cup [PAR] For the first time in the history of the Federation of International Football Association (FIFA)"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Williams Choked on a Bottle Cap - The New York Times Williams Choked on a Bottle Cap [PAR] Williams Choked on a Bottle Cap [PAR] By SUZANNE DALEY [PAR] ennessee Williams choked to death on a plastic cap of the type used on bottles of nasal spray or eye solution, New York City's Chief Medical Examiner said yesterday. [PAR] The 71-year-old playwright, whose body was found Friday morning on the floor of his Manhattan hotel suite, was first thought to have died of natural causes. But an autopsy yesterday found the bottle cap blocking the larynx -''swallowed or inhaled or some combination,'' said the Medical Examiner, Dr. Elliot M. Gross. [PAR] Dr. Gross said that there was no suspicion of foul play and that ''deaths of this type are usually classified as accidental.'' He said, however, that he would not make that determination until the results of all the chemical tests were complete. He said they would take several weeks. [PAR] The Medical Examiner's initial findings left many questions unanswered about the death of the playwright, who had moved between illness and hypochondria, often relying on alcohol and drugs to keep going. [PAR] An empty bottle of wine and several types of medication were found in Mr. Williams's room, the police said. But Dr. Gross would not say whether they had been a factor in the death. [PAR] The Medical Examiner also would not speculate on how the bottle cap might have got into Mr. Williams's throat. He did say there were a number of medical dispensers in Mr. Williams's two-room suite at the Hotel Elysee at 60 East 54th Street. He would not say whether any was missing a cap like the one that caused the playwright's death. [PAR] Dr. Gross said he had discussed his findings with Mr. Williams's personal physician, whom he would not name. Alcohol and drugs, along with strong coffee and cigarettes, became a regular part of Mr. Williams's life in the mid-1950's after ''Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'' brought him a second Pulitzer Prize. As the playwright saw it, that great success was a turning point, and a long decline began. [PAR] Though Mr. Williams continued to write prolifically, he never again achieved the success or the greatness of his earlier works, ''The Glass Menagerie'' and his first Pulitzer Prize play, ''A Streetcar Named Desire.'' [PAR] At his best, Mr. Williams was a master of dramatic moments who created lost, tortured characters struggling for dignity and hope in a world that often denied both. Suffered From Several Ailments [PAR] Obsessed with sickness, failure and death, he constantly thought his heart would stop beating. He had suffered from several ailments, including cataracts, arthritis and heart disease. ''I've had every disorder known to man,'' he once said. [PAR] Several weeks ago, when Mr. Williams returned to New York from his house in Key West, Fla., he told close friends that he was exhausted, overworked and suffering from a shoulder condition. [PAR] Mr. Williams's body was found Friday morning by his secretary, John Uecker, who shared the playwright's two-room suite. Mr. Uecker said he had heard a noise in Mr. Williams's room at about 11 P.M on Thursday, but did not investigate. At about 10:45 A.M. Friday, Mr. Uecker entered the room and found Mr. Williams lying next to his bed. [PAR] Dr. Gross said Mr. Williams had died sometime in the late evening on Thursday or the early morning of Friday. According to doctors, normal nerve reflexes at the back of the throat would ordinarily force a person to gag and therefore eject"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: As You Like It: Character List SparkNotes: As You Like It: Character List [PAR] As You Like It [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Rosalind - The daughter of Duke Senior. Rosalind, considered one of Shakespeare\u2019s most delightful heroines, is independent minded, strong-willed, good-hearted, and terribly clever. Rather than slink off into defeated exile, Rosalind resourcefully uses her trip to the Forest of Ardenne as an opportunity to take control of her own destiny. When she disguises herself as Ganymede\u2014a handsome young man\u2014and offers herself as a tutor in the ways of love to her beloved Orlando, Rosalind\u2019s talents and charms are on full display. Only Rosalind, for instance, is both aware of the foolishness of romantic love and delighted to be in love. She teaches those around her to think, feel, and love better than they have previously, and she ensures that the courtiers returning from Ardenne are far gentler than those who fled to it. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Rosalind. [PAR] Orlando - The youngest son of Sir Rowland de Bois and younger brother of Oliver. Orlando is an attractive young man who, under his brother\u2019s neglectful care, has languished without a gentleman\u2019s education or training. Regardless, he considers himself to have great potential, and his victorious battle with Charles proves him right. Orlando cares for the aging Adam in the Forest of Ardenne and later risks his life to save Oliver from a hungry lioness, proving himself a proper gentleman. He is a fitting hero for the play and, though he proves no match for her wit or poetry, the most obvious romantic match for Rosalind. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Orlando. [PAR] Duke Senior - The father of Rosalind and the rightful ruler of the dukedom in which the play is set. Having been banished by his usurping brother, Frederick, Duke Senior now lives in exile in the Forest of Ardenne with a number of loyal men, including Lord Amiens and Jaques. We have the sense that Senior did not put up much of a fight to keep his dukedom, for he seems to make the most of whatever life gives him. Content in the forest, where he claims to learn as much from stones and brooks as he would in a church or library, Duke Senior proves himself to be a kind and fair-minded ruler. [PAR] Jaques - A faithful lord who accompanies Duke Senior into exile in the Forest of Ardenne. Jaques is an example of a stock figure in Elizabethan comedy, the man possessed of a hopelessly melancholy disposition. Much like a referee in a football game, he stands on the sidelines, watching and judging the actions of the other characters without ever fully participating. Given his inability to participate in life, it is fitting that Jaques alone refuses to follow Duke Senior and the other courtiers back to court, and instead resolves to assume a solitary and contemplative life in a monastery. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Jaques. [PAR] Celia - The daughter of Duke Frederick and Rosalind\u2019s dearest friend. Celia\u2019s devotion to Rosalind is unmatched, as evidenced by her decision to follow her cousin into exile. To make the trip, Celia assumes the disguise of a simple shepherdess and calls herself Aliena. As elucidated by her extreme love of Rosalind and her immediate devotion to Oliver, whom she marries at the end of the play, Celia possesses a loving heart, but is prone to deep, almost excessive emotions. [PAR] Duke Frederick - The brother of Duke Senior and usurper of his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Investigating The Real Detective Charlie Chan : NPR Investigating The Real Detective Charlie Chan : NPR [PAR] Investigating The Real Detective Charlie Chan [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Investigating The Real Detective Charlie Chan [PAR] Investigating The Real Detective Charlie Chan [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Heard on Morning Edition [PAR] American actor Sidney Toler played Detective Charlie Chan in 22 films, including The Jade Mask, released in 1945. He took over the role of the fictional Chinese-American detective from Swedish actor Warner Oland, who played Chan in 15 films. The Kobal Collection/Monogram Pictures hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Charlie Chan: The Untold Story of the Honorable Detective and His Rendezvous with American History [PAR] By Yunte Huang [PAR] Action speak louder than French. [PAR] Door of opportunity swing both ways. [PAR] Smart fly keep out of gravy. [PAR] Tongue often hang man quicker than rope. [PAR] All gems of fortune-cookie-worthy wisdom spoken by Charlie Chan, the crafty, fictional Chinese detective. In a series of novels and movies, Chan captured American imaginations between the 1920s and the 1950s. But today, he's considered a stereotypical relic from a less racially sensitive time. [PAR] English professor Yunte Huang hopes to change that with his new book, Charlie Chan: The Untold Story of the Honorable Detective and His Rendezvous with American History. [PAR] Huang was a student in Buffalo, N.Y., when he first stumbled onto Chan's character. \"I went to an estate sale, and I found these two Charlie Chan novels,\" he tells NPR's Linda Wertheimer. \"I had never been to an estate sale before because they don't really exist in China.\" (In China, there is a stigma attached to buying items that belong to a person who has died, Huang explains.) [PAR] \"I was literally terrified to buy these two books,\" he admits. \" But I did anyway, and I took them home \u2014 and I was immediately hooked.\" [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] Huang subsequently left Buffalo to teach at Harvard, where he researched E.D. Biggers, the author who created the character of Charlie Chan. Huang was surprised to learn that Chan was based on a real Chinese policeman who \"had been neglected in history,\" he says. [PAR] Huang set out to give that honorable policeman, Chang Apana, the recognition he deserves. Apana \"was a 5-foot-tall Cantonese cop in Honolulu in the early 20th century,\" Huang explains. Originally, Apana had worked as a paniolo, or Hawaiian cowboy. In 1898 \u2014 the same year that the United States officially annexed Hawaii \u2014 he joined the police force. [PAR] \"As a police officer, he worked almost the most dangerous beats in Chinatown, carrying a bullwhip in hand,\" says Huang. \"He never used a gun, and he was a master of disguise. One time, he single-handedly arrested 40 people without firing a shot\" \u2014 apprehending a large group of Chinese gamblers using only his bullwhip. [PAR] Yunte Huang is an English professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is also the author of Transpacific Imaginations and Transpacific Displacement. Miriam Berkley hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Miriam Berkley [PAR] Yunte Huang is an English professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is also the author of Transpacific Imaginations and Transpacific Displacement. [PAR] Miriam Berkley [PAR] Though Apana was an adventurous, fearless figure, Biggers took several liberties when he transformed the Hawaiian cowboy into a wise, stereotypical detective. In his films, especially, Chan barely resembles Apana \u2014 while his real-life counterpart was small and wiry, the onscreen investigator is portly, formally dressed, and effeminate in his movements."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hadrian's Wall - Britain Express Hadrian's Wall [PAR] Hadrian's Wall [PAR] by Andrew Mercer [PAR] Hadrian's Wall at Cawfield [PAR] Hadrians Wall is a world heritage site in Northern England. The statistics and logistics are impressive. This massive Roman civil engineering project was begun approximately 1900 years ago. It is built of stone and wide enough for centurions to march three abreast along most of its length. [PAR] The wall cuts Northern Britain in half just south of the current Scottish Border. It is over 55 miles in length, from the Irish Sea; west of Carlisle to the mouth of the River Tyne on the east coast. [PAR] At regular intervals along its length are large fortifications like Vindolanda, capable of accommodating thousands of fighters, supported from bases reaching hundreds of miles south into England. [PAR] The Wall is a remarkable defensive fortification even by modern standards but it also a physical testament to the severe problems the Romans had subduing and defending their northern British frontier over the 300 hundred years of the rule. I still find it incredible that almost 2000 years ago, a military machine based on a small city state in what is now Italy conquered much of the known world, then marched out of sunny Italy, up through France. After crossing the English channel they fought their way a further 400 hundred miles north into the heart of chilly Scotland. [PAR] Conventional wisdom (perhaps influenced by the historical conflicts between England and Scotland) suggests that this resistance originated north of the Wall in what is now Scotland. But a second scenario is possible. Roman contemporary commentators inform us that in 55 B.C. after conquering the Gaul's in France, an ambitious Roman military commander and prominent member of the senate in Rome, Julius Caesar, brought an expeditionary force across the English channel to Kent to probe the defences of Britain. [PAR] A few months after arriving the mighty Caesar withdrew with his legions. Roman commentators report this as a planned withdrawal but it is possible that Julius Caesar was driven out. It was over a hundred years later in 64 A.D. that Roman legions led by Brutus once again crossed the Channel. [PAR] This time they had secured alliances in advance. Across Europe, the Romans had exploited historical rivalries between Celtic tribal peoples, offering alliances with one tribe in dispute with another, before inevitably subjugating both. Prior to this second landing, Roman emissaries had travelled 200 hundred miles north and secured an alliance with the Briganti tribe of northern England and southern Scotland. [PAR] This suggests that the Brigantes were pre-eminent among the tribes of Britain. They were based in a large territory bounded to the south by Chester and south Yorkshire and extending as far north as the Clyde-Forth estuaries. It seems a curious alliance, if you were planning to land an army in the south-east of England surely you would look for a less distant and more easily accessible ally. [PAR] The strong possibility exists that the Brigantes of northern England and southern Scotland were traditional rivals of the southern tribes. But it is also possible that the Brigantes were the dominant tribe of Britain, who mistakenly felt they could enter into an alliance with the Romans to carve up Briton. [PAR] Unhindered by counter attacks from the north, the Romans rapidly swept across southern England. The centres of Roman, \"civitas\", include many of our most ancient cities, London, Colchester, Bath, Winchester, Chichester, as far north as Lincoln and Chester. [PAR] If this scenario is to be entertained then the position of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boston.com / Business / The war of the razors Boston.com / Business / The war of the razors [PAR] The war of the razors [PAR] Gillette-Schick fight over patent shows the cutthroat world of consumer products [PAR] By Naomi Aoki, Globe Staff, 8/31/2003 [PAR] David VerNooy is happy to talk about almost any detail of Schick-Wilkinson Sword's new Quattro, the world's first four-blade razor. Any detail, that is, except the positioning of the blades themselves. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] VerNooy, a mechanical engineer who led Quattro's design team, will tell you about giving the handle a certain heft -- akin to a weighty knife or fork that feels good in the hand-- to convey a sense of quality. He'll tell you about attaching electrical nodes to mens' wrists to determine the most ergonomically sound handle. [PAR] He'll even tell you about a design feature he calls \"synchronized dynamic blade pack,\" which distributes pressure across the blades, ensuring they move in unison to avoid nicks and cuts. [PAR] But he remains mum on the position of the blades. \"With the litigation going on, I can't talk about that part of it,\" VerNooy said. \"I can't go down that road.\" [PAR] That's because this month Gillette Co. of Boston, maker of the three-blade Mach3, the world's best selling razor, sued Schick's parent, Energizer Holdings Inc. of St. Louis, claiming the Quattro infringes on a patent critical to its Mach3 and Venus razor blades. In a motion filed Friday in federal court in Boston, Gillette sought a preliminary injunction to stop Quattro's introduction next month. At issue is what Gillette calls its patented \"progressive blade geometry,\" in which each blade gets closer to the skin than the last one, giving what Gillette says is \"the closest, most comfortable shave in a single stroke.\" [PAR] The suit is the latest round in an increasingly acrimonious rivalry between the two companies. Gillette filed its patent suit on the same day Schick formally announced the Quattro -- less than six weeks before its scheduled rollout. [PAR] At first glance, the lawsuit may seem like a publicity stunt to foil the launch of a competing product. But patent attorneys say the legal battle offers a glimpse into the cutthroat world of consumer products. Though companies battle more frequently over advertising claims and trademark rights than patents, consumer product giants like Gillette and Procter & Gamble Co. aggressively patent seemingly small advances to gain a competitive edge. [PAR] \"Small improvements often result in enforceable patents,\" said Gary Hecker, chairman of Hecker Law Group, a Los Angeles firm specializing in patent litigation. \"The examples are endless -- toothbrushes, sunglasses, waterbeds, toys, knives, headphones.\" [PAR] P&G and Kimberly-Clark Corp. fought for years in court over dueling patents for diaper leg cuffs meant to stop leaks. Nike sued L.A. Gear in the early 1990s, claiming L.A. Gear's Catapult sneakers infringed on a Nike patent on a heel wedge designed to act like a spring and another on covering how the shoes are laced. [PAR] Razors are among the most heavily patented consumer products, with more than 1,000 patents covering everything from lubricating strips to cartridge-loading systems. Gillette has more than 50 patents covering its Mach3 franchise. Schick holds eight patents protecting the Quattro and has other applications pending at the US Patent and Trademark Office but won't say how many or whether any address blade geometry. The patent volume in part reflects the competitive nature of the business. Around the world, people last year bought $7.5 billion of razors and blades, and Gillette and Schick are the two main players."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Baker Street Bazaar | The Legends of London The Baker Street Bazaar | The Legends of London [PAR] The Legends of London [PAR] The Baker Street Bazaar [PAR] Madame Tussaud at 42 [PAR] The famous exhibition of wax figures has a remarkable history. Madame Tussaud was taken, by her mother, to Bern in Switzerland from Strasbourg after the death of her father in the Seven Year War. Here she was employed by Dr Phillippe Curtius , a physician, who was well-known for his anatomical wax models. He moved to Paris and took his young apprentice with him (she was only 6 years old). Her very first wax model was of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1778 and she began showing a remarkable talent. By the time she was 17 she became the art tutor to King Louis XVI\u2019s sister, Madame Elizabeth, at the Palace of Versailles.During the French Revolution she was imprisoned for 3 months awaiting execution, but was released due to the intervention of an influential friend. To show her allegiance to the Revolution Madame Tussaud was forced to make death masks of the aristocracy who had been guillotined (which included the King and Marie Antoinette). The masks were put on spikes and placed in the Place de la Concorde for display.After the death of her mentor, who left her all his masks and waxworks, Tussaud decided to start a new life across the waters in England in the early 1800s. [PAR] She spent the next 36 years taking her travelling show across the British Isles, seeking fame and glamour. The show gave ordinary folk the opportunity to see famous figures they had only heard about. In 1835 Madame Tussaud & Sons set up a permanent exhibition on Baker Street, called the Baker Street Bazaar. Visitors paid sixpence to see the waxworks, the famous Chamber of Horrors, artefacts from the French Revolution and the guillotine believed to have been the one used to execute Marie Antoinette. In 1884 the exhibition moved to its present location in Marylebone Road. [PAR] A panel of senior executives consider requests and current events when deciding on wax models. They then put 30 sculptors and many specialist technicians to work out of the west London workshop. The first sitting for a waxwork lasts at least 4 hours and over 200 hundred photographs are taken from every angle, and every conceivable measurement is taken. Hair samples and false eyes are taken to the sitting to get the colours as close as possible to the real thing. And even an impression of the famous person\u2019s teeth and a plaster mould of their hands are made. The first model of the heads are made of clay and when the okay has been given to start on the actual wax work, translucent wax is used to make it look like human skin and many layers of oil paint is used to get the skin tone, veins and freckles absolutely right. Inserting over 10,000 individual hairs can take over 4 weeks. It\u2019s the detail that makes the difference. [PAR] The Diamond Jubilee waxwork [PAR] After 4 months of hard work, Madam Tussauds has just unveiled their 23rd waxwork of the Queen for the Diamond Jubilee celebrations at a cost of over \u00a3150,000. Her dress is decorated with over 53,000 Swarovski crystals and she is wearing a copy of the state diadem, created in 1820, and copies of jewels which belonged to Queen Victoria.Politicians, pop stars, actors, sports stars\u2026famous people are still the draw of the museum. With branches across the globe, visitors from Las Vegas, Shanghai and Berlin,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Songwriters Hall of Fame - Stephen Sondheim Exhibit Home Songwriters Hall of Fame - Stephen Sondheim Exhibit Home [PAR] Hal Leonard [PAR] Sondheim - the name be-speaks theatrical excitement and applause. He is one of the singularly gifted within the ranks of the Broadway musical elite, a man who has spent his entire career making wonderful music. While Stephen Sondheim may be best known in the public view as a Broadway composer, his musical skills actually go far beyond that rather limited sphere. [PAR] Sondheim has written prolifically and profusely for motion pictures, television dramas, and background songs and scores for legitimate theater, in addition to his extensive catalog of Broadway scores. In fact, Sondheim is one of the very few tunesmiths to have garnered both Tony awards and Oscars for his multi-directional output, not to mention literally countless other accolades for his unique talents. [PAR] Stephen Sondheim was born in 1930 and raised in New York City. He graduated from Williams College in Williamstown, MA, where he began a lifetime of award winning, taking down the renowned Hutchinson Prize for Music Composition, following which he studied theory and composition with Milton Babbitt. [PAR] Sondheim's creativity came into play soon after departing from college when he wrote lyrics for such highly skilled composers as Leonard Bernstein (\"West Side Story\") and Jule Styne (\"Gypsy\") within the two year span of 1957 to 1959. Soon thereafter, in 1962, came one of Sondheim's most notable successes, \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum,\" in which he created both the music and lyrics. Two years later, a virtually unending series of successful musicals featuring both music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, began their collective run extending well into the 1990s. Beginning in 1964 with \"Anyone Can Whistle,\" the list includes \"Follies,\" \"A Little Night Music,\" \"The Frogs,\" \"Pacific Overtures,\" \"Sweeney Todd,\" \"Merrily We Roll Along,\" \"Sunday in the Park with George,\" \"Into the Woods,\" \"Assassins,\" \"Passion\" and \"Company.\" [PAR] During the 30-year run, which features a major Broadway entry approximately once every three years, he was also the lyricist for \"Do I Hear a Waltz\" and \"Candide\" and organized revue-style anthologies of his works for such Broadway presentations as \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSide by Side by Sondheim\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMarry Me a Little\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdYou\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre Gonna Love Tomorrow\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdPutting it Together\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] Again, during the same immensely productive 30-year span, Sondheim addressed the motion picture field, composing scores for \"Stavisky\" and \"Reds\" and songs for \"Dick Tracy,\" one of which, \"Sooner or Later\" won the Academy Award in 1990 for Best Song. For television, he wrote songs for \"Evening Primrose,\" co-authored the film, \"The Last of Sheila\" and provided incidental music for the plays \"The Girls of Summer,\" \"Invitation to a March\" and \"Twigs.\" [PAR] Sondheim is the owner of five Tony Awards (Best Score for a Musical) for \"Into the Woods,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Sweeney Todd,\" \"A Little Night Music,\" \"Follies\" and \"Company.\" All these shows also won New York Drama Critics Circle Awards, as did \"Pacific Overtures\" and \"Sunday in the Park with George,\" the latter also receiving the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1985, with music and lyrics by Sondheim and book by James Lapine. [PAR] Stephen Sondheim has served on the CounciI of the Dramatists Guild, the National Association of Playwrights, Composers and Lyricists, and served as its president from 1973 to 1981. In 1983, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and in 1990, he was appointed the first visiting professor of Contemporary Theater at Oxford University. In 1993, he was the recipient of the prestigious Kennedy Center"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catamarca | province, Argentina | Britannica.com Catamarca | province, Argentina | Britannica.com [PAR] Catamarca [PAR] Mendoza [PAR] Catamarca, provincia (province), northwestern Argentina , separated from Chile by the Andes Mountains . The province is generally mountainous with intermontane tablelands and valleys (some fertile, others completely arid). The sandy desert on the west side of the Aconquija Mountains is referred to as the Argentine Sahara. Catamarca city, in the southeast, is the provincial capital. [PAR] The region constituted part of the Inca empire after the 12th century, and pottery relics are still found. Spaniards, who settled the area in the 16th century, were subjects of the Viceroyalty of Peru . For many years after liberation from Spain (1816), the caudillos (military strongmen) of the Catamarca region and their gaucho armies resisted the Buenos Aires government. Wealthy landowners continued to have an independent spirit, and in 1946 President Juan Per\u00f3n , to suppress local criticism , deposed the provincial governor and installed a nominee of his own. In 1943, when the northern national territory of Los Andes was divided, the department of Antofagasta de la Sierra was incorporated into Catamarca. [PAR] Scarcity of water has hindered agricultural development; irrigation, supporting mainly alfalfa, vineyards, olive and walnut groves, and cattle, provides only a partial remedy. Tungsten and mica are mined. The province\u2019s virtual isolation accounts for a retention of traditions and has encouraged tourism. Catamarca city has rail and bus transportation facilities. Area 39,615 square miles (102,602 square km). Pop. (2001) 334,568; (2010) 367,828. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aglutition - definition of Aglutition by The Free Dictionary Aglutition - definition of Aglutition by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Aglutition - definition of Aglutition by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Aglutition [PAR] 1. [PAR] (Med.) Inability to swallow. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scented Tea - chinese loose tea and teaware wholesale, buy ... Scented Tea - chinese loose tea and teaware wholesale, buy bulk and loose china tea [PAR] Scented Tea [PAR] (Click the photo to visit) [PAR] China tea retail service: (click photo to visit) [PAR] Premium China handmade traditional tea set (click photo to visit) [PAR] Scented Tea [PAR] [PAR] More information about Jasmine tea, Click to visit webpage \"Jasmine tea\" [PAR] The jasmine plant was brought to China from Persia before the third century. Before Qing Dynasty, the production of jasmine green tea was a kind of homemade tea. After Qing, especially after the new China, Jasmine green tea went into large scale production stage. [PAR] Jasmine blossoms open at night, and release all of their fragrant oils within hours. Jasmine pickers spend the entire day carefully hand plucking only those buds set to bloom that same evening. Rapidly harvesting thousands of buds that are perfectly poised to bloom is a feat of remarkable dexterity and concentration. [PAR] Each evening in June, July and August, tea leaves and jasmine blossoms are placed in thin alternating layers in the scenting house. As the day\u2019s fresh jasmine buds unfurl and release their essential oils, the tea absorbs the jasmine essence. [PAR] The Town of Jasmine---Heng County in GuangXi Province [PAR] Osmanthus secnted tea [PAR] Osmanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the olive family, mostly native to southeast Asia. The species of osmanthus used in scenting tea is called sweet osmanthus, and has the scientific name Osmanthus fragrans, named in reference to its pleasing fragrance.Osmanthus flowers are used for a number of other purposes, and their scent is sometimes used as an ingredient in perfumes. [PAR] Osmanthus secnted tea is made with any number of different Chines teas as the base, including black, green, pouchong, oolong, and even sometimes white or Pu-erh. Green tea or greener oolongs are common bases as they blend well with the osmanthus blossoms' fragrance. The best osmanthus teas are produced by a time- and labor-intensive layering process, in which the flowers are placed in a tight area together with the leaves, which are allowed to absorb their fragrance. This process is then repeated several times. [PAR] Although the production process is similar to that used to produce jasmine tea, and both could be described as floral, the aroma of osmanthus, and thus osmanthus tea, is very different from jasmine. One of the benefits of this distinct aroma is that people who strongly like or dislike one tea may have a very different reaction to the other. [PAR] Famous Osmanthus tea From GuiLin City,GuangXi Province [PAR] China Scented Tea [PAR] Scented Tea [PAR] Scented teas (also called flower teas) can be either green or white teas that are been infused with certain flowers, which impart a delicate and interesting taste, and of course a wonderful aroma. Scented tea is processed from first-class green tea scented with sweet-smelling flowers. The scented teas are named after the flower with which the tea is scented: Jasmine Tea , Yulan Tea (Chloranthus Tea). Processed with flowers of subtle and distinctive scents, the teas yield a variety of refined flavor. The rich aroma of the flower and the brisk taste of the tea make the beverage a work of art. great jasmine teas, however, combine only high quality green or white teas with a subtle but distinct jasmine flavor infused into the leaves from freshly-picked jasmine flowers. [PAR] History [PAR] Scented tea reached its apex in Chinese tea culture during the Yuan Dynasty (11271-1368). The ethnic Mongolian Yuan brought"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Background & Overview: Munich Olympic Massacer | Jewish ... Background & Overview: Munich Olympic Massacre | Jewish Virtual Library [PAR] Munich Olympic Massacre: [PAR] Tweet [PAR] It was 4:30 in the morning on Sept. 5, 1972, when five Palestinian terrorists wearing track sweat suits climbed the six-foot six-inch fence surrounding the Olympic Village. Although they were seen by several people, no one thought anything was unusual since athletes routinely hopped the fence; moreover, the terrorists' weapons were hidden in athletic bags. [PAR] These five were met by three more men who are presumed to have obtained credentials to enter the village. The Palestinians then used stolen keys to enter two apartments being used by the Israeli team at 31 Connollystra\u00dfe. [PAR] Israeli wrestling referee Yossef Gutfreund heard a faint scratching noise at the door of the first apartment. When he investigated, he saw the door begin to open and masked men with guns on the other side. He shouted \u201cHevre tistalku!\u201d ( Hebrew : \"Guys, get out of here!\") and threw his nearly 300-lb. (135-kg) weight against the door to try to stop the Palestinians from forcing their way in. In the confusion, coach Tuvia Sokolovsky and race-walker Dr. Shaul Ladany escaped and another four athletes, plus the two team doctors and delegation head Shmuel Lalkin, managed to hide. [PAR] Wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg, attacked the kidnappers as the hostages were being moved from one apartment to another, allowing one of his wrestlers, Gad Tsobari, to escape. The burly Weinberg knocked one of the intruders unconscious and stabbed another with a fruit knife before being shot to death. Weightlifter and father of three Yossef Romano, 31, also attacked and wounded one of the intruders before being killed. The Arabs then succeeded in rounding up nine Israelis to hold as hostages. [PAR] At 9:30, the terrorists announced that they were Palestinians and demanded that Israel release 200 Arab prisoners and that the terrorists be given safe passage out of Germany. The Palestinians were led by Luttif Afif (\u201cIssa\u201d), his deputy Yusuf Nazzal (\u201cTony\u201d), and junior members Afif Ahmed Hamid (\u201cPaolo\u201d), Khalid Jawad (\u201cSalah\u201d), Ahmed Chic Thaa (\u201cAbu Halla\u201d), Mohammed Safady (\u201cBadran\u201d), Adnan Al-Gashey (\u201cDenawi\u201d), and his cousin Jamal Al-Gashey (\u201cSamir\u201d). [PAR] (Top, L-R): Moshe Weinberg; Yossef Romano; Yossef Gutfreund; David Berger [PAR] (Second Row): Yacov Springer; Ze'ev Friedman; Amitzur Shapira; Eliezer Halfin [PAR] (Third Row): Mark Slavin; Andre Spitzer; Kehat Shorr [PAR] After hours of tense negotiations, the Palestinians, who it was later learned belonged to a PLO faction called Black September, agreed to a plan whereby they were to be taken by helicopter to the NATO air base at Firstenfeldbruck where they would be given an airplane to fly them and their hostages to Cairo. The Israelis were then taken by bus to the helicopters and flown to the airfield. In the course of the transfer, the Germans discovered that there were eight terrorists instead of the five they expected and realized that they had not assigned enough marksmen to carry out the plan to kill the terrorists at the airport. [PAR] After the helicopters landed at the air base around 10:30 p.m., the German sharpshooters attempted to kill the terrorists and a bloody firefight ensued. At 11, the media was mistakenly informed that the hostages had been saved and the news was announced to a relieved Israeli public. Almost an hour later, however, new fighting broke out and one of the helicopters holding the Israelis was blown up by a terrorist grenade. The remaining nine hostages in the second helicopter were shot to death by one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mercury\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Mercury\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] Element News [PAR] Mercury: the essentials [PAR] Mercury is the only common metal liquid at ordinary temperatures. Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver. It rarely occurs free in nature and is found mainly in cinnabar ore (HgS) in Spain and Italy. It is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal. It is a rather poor conductor of heat as compared with other metals but is a fair conductor of electricity. It alloys easily with many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin. These alloys are called amalgams. Its ease in amalgamating with gold is made use of in the recovery of gold from its ores. [PAR] The most important salts are mercuric chloride HgC12 (corrosive sublimate - a violent poison), mercurous chloride Hg2Cl2 (calomel, occasionally still used in medicine), mercury fulminate (Hg(ONC)2, a detonator used in explosives), and mercuric sulphide (HgS, vermillion, a high-grade paint pigment). [PAR] Organic mercury compounds are important - and dangerous. Methyl mercury is a lethal pollutant found in rivers and lakes. The main source of pollution is industrial wastes settling to the river and lake bottoms. [PAR] As mercury is a very volatile element, dangerous levels are readily attained in air. Mercury vapour should not exceed 0.1 mg m-3 in air. Air saturated with the vapour at 20\u00b0C contains mercury in a concentration far greater than that limit. The danger increases at higher temperatures. It is therefore important that mercury be handled with care. Containers of mercury should be securely covered and spillage should be avoided. Mercury should only be handled under in a well-ventilated area. If you are in possession of any mercury you are advised to contact a properly qualified chemist or public health laboratory for its safe disposal. [PAR] Small amounts of mercury spillage can be cleaned up by addition of sulphur powder. The resulting mixture should be disposed of carefully. [PAR] Cartoon by Nick D Kim ( [Science and Ink] , used by permission). [PAR] Mercury: historical information [PAR] Mercury was discovered by known since ancient times in unknown at not known. Origin of name : named after the planet \"Mercury\" (the origin of the symbol Hg is the Latin word \"hydrargyrum\" meaning \"liquid silver\"). [PAR] Mercury was known to ancient Chinese and Hindus before 2000 BC and was found in tubes in Egyptian tombs dated from 1500 BC It was used to forma amalgams of other metals around 500 BC. The Greeks used mercury in ointments and the Romans used it, unfortunately for those using it, in cosmetics. [PAR] Mercury is one of the elements which has an alchemical symbol, shown below (alchemy is an ancient pursuit concerned with, for instance, the transformation of other metals into gold). [PAR] {{floatR}} [PAR] {{/floatR}} [PAR] Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National, Native and other Popular Flowers of Switzerland ... National, Native and other Popular Flowers of Switzerland - The Flower Expert - Flowers Encyclopedia [PAR] National, Native and Popular Flowers of Switzerland [PAR] National Flower of Switzerland [PAR] One of the best known European mountain flowers, belongs to the sunflower family, Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum) is the national flower of Switzerland. The scientific name of the flower is Leontopodium which means \"lion's paw\". The flowers are felted and woolly with white hairs, with characteristic bloom consisting of five to six small yellow flower heads surrounded by leaflets in star form. [PAR] Other Native and Popular Flowers of Switzerland [PAR] Variation in climate and altitude produces a varied flora and fauna. In the lowest zone, Chestnut, Cypress, and Palm trees Grow, as well as Rhododendron, Larches, Dwarf, Cembra Pine, and Whortleberries are found. above the snow line, more than 100 species of flowering plants grow including Alpine Androsace ,Gentiana, Hairy Alpen Rose, Negritella Or Vanilla Orchis, Bell-Flower , Cirsium Spinosissimum, Fungi Flowers and Biobrains. [PAR] Lilies, Colorful Roses, Sunflowers, Orchids, Gerberas, Daffodils and Daisy are some of the popular flowers which are passionately liked by the people Switzerland for gift purposes on various occasions. [PAR] Online Florists Switzerland [PAR] A few of the major online florists who cater to Switzerland are PickupFlowers and Flora2000, Flora2000 is headquartered in Gibraltar, but is a true micro national: Servers in the US, customer services in India and Payment gateways in Germany. For a list of Switzerland florists who do business online, please visit our page on Online Florists in Switzerland . [PAR] Send Flowers to Switzerland [PAR] The Flower Expert has arrived at a few parameters on which florists can be compared so that the customers can select a good florist who suits their needs. You can go through the comparative analysis of the top florists presented in this table. This comprehensive table will help you decide which florist gives the best service when you want to send flowers to Switzerland. [PAR] Facts about Switzerland [PAR] Switzerland also known as Confoederatio Helvetica, is a small, landlocked country in the heart of Europe. \"Confoederatio\" stands for \"confederation\", \"Helvetica\" derives from the Latin word \"Helvetier\", the name of the people who lived in the area which became later Switzerland. [PAR] Though being a peaceful, prosperous, and stable modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP larger than that of the big Western European economies, Switzerland is considered the most competitive economy of the world, according to the Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007. [PAR] Switzerland is the first and only country to implement rights of the people in the system of government also known as direct democracy, which involves the constitutional initiative (public petitions) and the referendum. [PAR] A 2006 survey found that Zurich and Geneva had respectively first and second highest quality of living in the world, whereas Switzerland has the 2nd highest life expectancy in Europe (after Sweden). [PAR] Subscribe [PAR] Get 10% off on pickupflowers.com [PAR] explore"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV History | Archive of American Television TV History | Archive of American Television [PAR] HAL KANTER , Comedy Writer [PAR] Television was never one person's vision -- as early as the 1820s, the idea began to germinate. Certainly by 1880, when a speculative article appeared in The Scientific American magazine, the concept of a working television system began to spread on an international scale. [PAR] At the dawn of the twentieth century, there were a few American laboratories leading the way: Bell, RCA, and GE. It wasn't until 1927, when 21-year-old Philo T. Farnsworth , beat everyone to the punch by producing the first electronic television picture. This historic breakthrough catapulted him into a decades-long patent battle against major corporations, including RCA and CBS. The battle took its toll on everyone and RCA\u2019s David Sarnoff brilliantly marketed this invention to the public and became known as the father of television -- while Philo T. Farnsworth died in relative obscurity. [PAR] Experimental broadcast television began in the early 1930s, transmitting fuzzy images of wrestling, music and dance to a handful of screen. It wasn't until the 1939 World's Fair in New York, where RCA unveiled their new NBC TV studios in Rockefeller Plaza, that network television was introduced. A few months later, William Paley\u2019s CBS began broadcasting from its new TV studios in Grand Central Station. [PAR] Now that television worked, how could these networks profit on their investment? Who would create the programming that would sell their TV sets? How would they dominate this new commercial medium, without destroying their hugely profitable radio divisions? [PAR] Ready! Sets! Go! (1940s) [PAR] \u201cWe had a rating of 80, a share of 83.9. Of course I used to say there were only 83 sets, but there weren't.\u201d [PAR] MILTON BERLE , host Texaco Star Theatre [PAR] Four months after NBC station W2XBS began regular programming in 1939, Red Barber announced the first televised major league baseball game between the Cincinnati Reds and the Brooklyn Dodgers. Even though television was still considered a fad, throughout the 1940s, the deep-pocketed television divisions of NBC and CBS -- and soon ABC \u2013 cashed in on the tastes of the American public. Networks expanded their reach as key cities built broadcast facilities. [PAR] Television showed signs of becoming a commercial success, at least until the US entered World War II . The war interrupted its growth significantly, as personnel shortages forced stations to shut down. Only the DuMont network remained on the air. [PAR] It wasn't until 1947 that television\u2019s growth truly exploded. Some of the biggest shows premiered including: The Ed Sullivan Show , Candid Camera, Howdy Doody , Philco Playhouse, and Kukla, Fran & Ollie . Meet the Press began broadcasting out of the nation's capitol to become the longest-running news program ever. [PAR] Perhaps the brightest star of the era was Milton Berle , \u201cAmerica\u2019s favorite uncle.\u201d Berle brought his vaudeville sensibilities to NBC\u2019s Texaco Star Theatre and made it an unprecedented success. City water levels dropped during commercials, stores closed early. Television set sales skyrocketed. [PAR] As networks raced to provide content for the popular new medium, many radio stars and shows attempted to make the transition to television -- Burns and Allen, The Jack Benny Program, The Shadow, Fred Allen, and Fibber McGee and Molly. [PAR] Television News Finds Its Way (1950s) [PAR] \u201cNone of us had any ax to grind, none of us had any political ambitions. Our only real purpose in life, and in work, was to tell people what we knew to be true.\u201d [PAR] DAVID"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u00a9 Charles Chaplin, Silent Film Star - goldensilents.com \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Charles Chaplin, Silent Film Star - goldensilents.com [PAR] Charles Chaplin (1889-1977) [PAR] \"The Little Tramp\" [PAR] Legendary silent film comedian Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London, England on April 16th, 1889 into a relatively well-to-do theatrical family. His father, Charles, and his mother Hannah were both headliners in their day in the English music halls. Charlie's childhood became Dickensian in its poverty and tragedy however, for his father separated from his mother when he was a young boy and remarried another woman, rarely providing financial support to his first family, Hannah, Charlie and his older half brother Sydney Chaplin . Hannah had another son by comic Leo Dryden named Wheeler, but that relationship ended as well. She tried to resurrect her stage career, but her voice began to suffer from weakness and lack of projection, and ultimately she had to leave theater work behind, however not before Charlie had had a chance to perform in his mother's place on stage, singing a popular tune to thunderous applause. Hannah became a seamstress to try and make a living to support Charles and Sydney for whom she had custody. For awhile she was successful; her clients were her old friends from her music hall days; Charlie and Sydney went to school and life was relatively normal. Young Charles had little contact with his father growing up, and Charles Sr. eventually died from alcoholism. After his death what little extra support Hannah had been receiving from him disappeared. Her sewing jobs began to diminish, and her mind began to fail from malnutrition; any food she bought she gave to her two boys instead. Charles and Sydney spent the rest of their childhoods in and out of charity homes and workhouses, wandering the streets, or doing occasional acting jobs to make some extra income. Young Syd left to join the navy as soon as he was able, and for a time Charlie was alone, living with his insane mother in a slum area of London, waiting desperately for his older brother to send them money. Charlie avoided school in the hopes of not being discovered, so that he would not be separated from his mother. But Hannah was eventually discovered by neighbors to be completely insane and she was committed to an asylum in 1903. She remained there until 1921, when Charlie moved her to California to a more professional nursing home. Hannah died in 1928. [PAR] Charlie Chaplin with his frequent leading lady Edna Purviance [PAR] Charlie's first real stage experience began at the age of eight with the music hall troupe The Eight Lancashire Lads. He loved the experience. At age seventeen Charles joined the Fred Karno Company and toured Britain performing, and then excitedly went off with them to America for their first tour in 1910. He and the troupe traveled by train and performed in several major U.S. cities. Charlie fell in love with America, its fast pace and positive, upbeat atmosphere. While performing with Karno on a second trip to the United States, Charlie's popular stage act was seen by a young filmmaker named Mack Sennett . Charles was persuaded by Sennett to leave the stage for that new fangled form of entertainment, the \"flickers.\" At first Charlie was loath to leave but when the salary was mentioned he quickly changed his mind. It was much more than he was earning on the stage. [PAR] Charles Chaplin and Tom Wilson in \"A Dog's Life\" (1918) [PAR] Charles Chaplin made his screen debut in a Keystone short"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minke Whale - Whale Facts and Information Minke Whale - Whale Facts and Information [PAR] Minke Whale [PAR] Minke Whale \u2013 Genus Balaenoptera [PAR] Description [PAR] The Minke whale is the second smallest of the baleen category. They aren\u2019t likely to be more than 35 feet long or to weigh more than 5.5 tons. They feature two blowholes and they are black and white in color. Other characteristics include two flippers that are very long, a dorsal fin that is small, and ridges around the back close to the tail. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] You won\u2019t find the Minke Whale to be very social. Many of them tend to live alone. Others have a partner or a group of three. It is very rare except during migration that you will see more than that together. We know a great deal about them due to the high numbers. They tend to attract very large crowds of waters. In some locations there are cruise ships that take people out to see them. [PAR] The Minke Whales in these areas have become very familiar with the ships. They will circle close around them which give the passengers on board a chance to witness these amazing creatures up close in their natural environment. They are also believed to be very curious so they may even be watching the people in return. [PAR] Diet/Feeding [PAR] The Minke Whale features as many as 70 grooves in the throat area. This helps them with the process of scooping up water and materials from the water. They can then filter out what isn\u2019t food for them. Their diet primarily consists of krill, small fish, herring, and cod. They move along about 6 miles per hour when they are feeding and about 24 miles per hour when they aren\u2019t. [PAR] Distribution [PAR] The Minke Whale has been spotted in all the oceans but they prefer temperate and boreal waters. They do tend to like the areas surrounding them though and it isn\u2019t uncommon to find them where there are thick layers of ice. They also found in the tropical and subtropical regions. [PAR] Reproduction [PAR] They mature much earlier than other whales at about three years. The baby is born 10 months after conception takes place. These calves are approximately 9 feet long and can weigh up to 1,000 pounds. [PAR] Human Interaction [PAR] Due to the small size, whaling used to not be a problem for the Minke Whale. Hunters like the trophy size whales and this isn\u2019t one of them. However, in the past several decades the number of them being killed due to hunting has reaches new heights. It is believed that this is a direct cause of so many other types of whales no longer being legal to hunt. Therefore they have to kill many more of them to get the same quantity of meat as they would with larger ones. [PAR] Conservation [PAR] There are more Minke Whales than any other in the class of baleen. There are approximately 800,000 of them out there. However, they problem is that they only have a life expectancy of 50 years. This is drastically less than most other species of whales in the wild. There isn\u2019t much done in the way of conservation for them at this point in time. There are simply too many other types of whales that are at risk for such efforts to be focused upon. [PAR] A close eye is watched over them though to make sure they don\u2019t end up dropping dramatically in numbers. Early intervention can take place through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Playing Card History Playing Card History [PAR] Home \u00bb Playing Card History [PAR] Playing Card History [PAR] Playing cards are thought to have originated in China around 950 A.D. Ancient Chinese playing cards used four suits \u2013 coins, strings of coins, myriads of coins, and tens of myriads. Each of these suits represented the value of cards in ascending order, respectively. It is suggested that the first cards may have been actual paper currency, representing the stakes played for as well as the tools of the game. [PAR] The 52-card playing deck, as we know it today, first entered Europe from Egypt in the late 14th century. These cards were made by hand and imprinted on woodcuts. Thus, they were considerably expensive. Around 1400, soon after the first recorded manufacture of paper in Christian Europe, the printing of playing cards was transferred to paper. [PAR] Suits [PAR] In the 15th century, most decks had four suits, although five suited cards were common as well. In Germany, typical suits included hearts, bells, leaves, and acorns. These suits are still used today in particular games in Eastern and Southeastern Germany. Italian and Spanish decks used cups, coins, swords, and batons. [PAR] The four suits used in most of the world today \u2013 spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs \u2013 originated in France in about 1480. It is assumed that the club was derived from the acorn and the spade from the leaf of the German deck. England originally used the Italian and Spanish suits but ultimately adopted the French suits. [PAR] In earlier games, the King was considered the highest card in the deck. Over time, however, the Ace was given special significance and ultimately surpassed the King. It is thought that the 18th century French Revolution specially accelerated the rising of the Ace as a symbol of the lower class gaining power over the royalty. [PAR] During the 18th century French Revolution, Kings, Queens, and Jacks were substituted with Liberties, Equalities, and Fraternities. This was due to the belief that a good revolutionary would not play with symbols of royal designation. However, in 1805, the suits were reverted back to Kings, Queens, and Jacks with the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. [PAR] The United States introduced the Joker into the playing card deck. The Joker was created specifically for the game of Euchre, which gained popularity during the mid-19th century. It is thought that the name \u201cJoker\u201d was derived from the name \u201cEuchre.\u201d [PAR] Starting in the 15th century, French card manufacturers designated each of the four Kings in a playing card deck as a historical figure. The King of Spades is King David, King of Hearts is Charles, King of Diamonds is Julius Caesar, and King of Clubs is Alexander. The King of Hearts is known as the \u201csuicide king\u201d, as he is represented as sticking a sword into his head. The King of Hearts is the only king that does not have a mustache. The King of Diamonds is the only king carrying an axe instead of a sword and so he is called \u201cthe man with the axe\u201d. [PAR] French card manufacturers also designated each of the four Queens in a playing card deck as a historical figure. The Queen of Spades is Athena, the Queen of Hearts is Judith, the Queen of Diamonds is Rachel, and the Queen of Clubs is Argine. While English playing card manufacturers did not designate a historical figure for each of the queens, it is thought that the Queen of Hearts in an English deck is Elizabeth of York. The Queen of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Azores Islands - Portugal | Portugal.com The Azores Islands - Portugal | Portugal.com [PAR] Porto and the North [PAR] Azores [PAR] Consisting of nine islands, the Azores are divided into three groups: the eastern ( Sao Miguel and Santa Maria islands), the central ( Terceira , Graciosa , Sao Jorge , Pico and Faial islands), and the western ( Flores and Corvo islands). Apart from international airports of Santa Maria, Ponta Delgada and Angra do Heroismo, there are flights to the islands (operated by the regional airline TAP Air Portugal) and ferry boats between the islands. [PAR] Even the blase visitor will be touched by the sapphire blue and emerald green lakes, fertile prairies, volcanic cones and craters, colorful hydrangeas and azaleas, 15th century churches, and majestic manor houses. This legendary land, consisting of nine poetically-named islands, enjoys year-round mild temperatures (between 14\u00b0C and 22\u00b0C\u201357\u00b0F and 71\u00b0F) and is a peaceful shelter with a population of 250000 inhabitants, for whom the words \u201cstress\u201d and \u201cpollution\u201d are unheard. [PAR] There are many stories to tell of the archipelago\u2019s beauty, of fishermen or shepherds, but among them there is one which was told by a holidaymaker. As a foreign couple was silently looking at the Caldeira das Sete Cidades when they were interrupted by their six-year-old son, who asked them: \u201cIs this God\u2019s home?\u201d [PAR] Sao Miguel Island [PAR] The largest of all. In Ponta Delgada, the capital, the famous 18th century portals open up to a number of monuments that are worth visiting, most of them built between the 16th and the 18th century: Carlos Machado Museum and churches of Sao Sebastiao, Sao Pedro, Sao Jose, Colegio and Nossa Senhora da Conceicao; convent and chapel of Nossa Senhora da Esperanca and Santa Ana Chapel. Palaces: Fonte Bela and Santa Ana; Conceicao and Santa Catarina; Casa de Carlos Bicudo and the Pacos do Concelho. Other places to visit: Caldeira das Sete Cidades (green and blue lakes); Lagoa do Fogo; Ribeira Grande; Vale das Furnas (spas and hot mineral pools) and Vila Franca do Campo. [PAR] Terceira Island [PAR] The historic centre of its capital, Angra do Heroismo, has been classified in UNESCO\u2019s International Heritage list. Special reference to the forts of Sao Sebastiao and Sao Joao Baptista (16th-17th-centuries); the palaces of the Bettencourts (Baroque) and of the Capitaes-Generais; the Cathedral, with its silver altar front and treasure; the churches of Colegio dos Jesuitas, Sao Goncalo and Nossa Senhora da Conceicao (17th-century); the churches of Misericordia and Nossa Senhora da Guia (18th-century, the latter encloses the Angra Museum). Other points of interest: Praia da Vitoria, Santa Barbara, Sao Sebastiao and Vila Nova. [PAR] Graciosa Island [PAR] In Santa Cruz da Graciosa you will find ancient streets and manor-houses, a beautiful mother-church (16th-18th centuries), Santo Cristo Church (16th century), Cruz da Barra (Manueline) and Ethnographic House. In the Furna do Enxofre, dazzling sights and a vaulted cave over an underground lake (between 11am and 2pm the sunlight filters in). You must also visit Guadalupe and its Baroque church, Luz and Praia (typical windmills). [PAR] Faial Island [PAR] In Horta, a famous yacht harbor, look at the beautiful tiles and gilded carvings in the 17th and 18th century churches of Sao Salvador, Nossa Senhora do Carmo and Sao Francisco. To visit: Sacred Art Museum, Nossa Senhora das Ang\u00fastias Church, Nossa Senhora do Pilar Chapel, Imperio dos Nobres and Porto Pim fortifications, Caldeira Natural Reserve, Capelinhos, grottoes and caves in Costa da Feteira and Monte da Guia belvedere. [PAR] Pico Island [PAR] Owes its name to the 7713 ft high volcanic cone. Special"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gay Marriage in Latin America - Countries with Same Sex ... Gay Marriage in Latin America - Countries with Same Sex Marriage [PAR] (Source: Loco085/Wikimedia Commons ; Thumbnail: Loco085/Wikimedia Commons ) [PAR] With public policies toward gay marriage varying widely, this is a critical moment to look at citizens\u2019 opinions with respect to same-sex marriage. First, we examine levels of support for same-sex couples having the right to marry. Then, we assess both individual- and national-level determinants of variation in that level of support. Analysis is drawn from data from the American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) survey, which includes 42,238 respondents from 25 nations in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean were asked this question: [PAR] We asked the following question: How strongly do you approve or disapprove of same-sex couples having the right to marry? [PAR] Responses were given based on a 1-10 scale, where \u20181\u2019 meant \u201cstrongly disapprove\u201d and \u201810\u2019 meant \u201cstrongly approve.\u201d These responses were then recalibrated on a 0-100 basis. [PAR] Figure 1 displays each country\u2019s average score with its confidence interval. The average level of support for same-sex marriage in the Americas is only 26.8 points on a 0-100 scale. [PAR] But there is striking variation across countries. At the one extreme, citizens of Canada, Argentina and Uruguay express relatively high levels of support and fall on the high end of the 0-100 continuum, with mean scores of 63.9, 57.7, 50.5, and 47.7 points, respectively. At the other extreme, El Salvador, Guyana and Jamaica (where sexual acts between men are punishable with jail) show the lowest levels of support: 10.3, 7.2 and 3.5 units, respectively. [PAR] The remaining countries lie in between these extremes, with those nations in which same-sex civil union has been legalized (i.e., Brazil, Mexico and Colombia) ranking in relatively high positions. Notably, despite the fact that the newly approved constitution grants full rights to homosexual civil unions, Ecuador is positioned well below the regional average with 18.4 points on the 0-100 scale. [PAR] Figure 1. Average Support for Same-Sex Marriage in the Americas, 2010 [PAR] Explaining Variations in Support [PAR] What factors explain variation in support for same-sex marriage? To assess this question, we first focus on the potential impact of individual-level factors by means of a linear regression model. Following the publication of seminal research on political tolerance that examines the impact of religious values toward homosexuals (Gibson and Tedin 1988; Golebiowska 1995), we include two variables that are considered to be key: importance of religion and religious group participation. The former measures how important religion is in the respondent\u2019s life, and the latter measures the respondent\u2019s self-reported level of attendance at meetings of any religious organization. [PAR] Several scholars have found that disapproval of homosexual rights is highest among individuals with strong religious identities and who attend religious services frequently (Ellison and Musick 1993; Herek 1998; Herek and Capitanio 1995, 1996; Olsen, Cadge, and Harrison 2006; Seltzer 1993; Wilcox and Wolport 2000). Therefore, we expect these variables to have a negative impact on support for same-sex marriage. Beliefs about homosexuality and support for gay rights have been found to vary substantially by religion. Therefore, we also included two dummy variables, Evangelical and Atheist, in order to capture the effect of religious affiliations. While Atheists are expected to express tolerance toward minorities\u2019 rights, membership in evangelical denominations has been found to be linked to intolerance of homosexuals in the United States (Jelen, 1982). While this finding could be partly attributed to differences in demographic or political variables, or to general religiosity, Wilcox and Jelen (1990) demonstrated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amy Williams takes gold medal in Winter Olympics skeleton ... Amy Williams takes gold medal in Winter Olympics skeleton | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Amy Williams takes gold medal in Winter Olympics skeleton [PAR] \u2022 Britain's first individual gold since 1980 [PAR] \u2022 'I love this track - the speed is your friend' [PAR] Great Britain's Amy Williams celebrates her gold medal. Photograph: Pawel Kopczynski/Reuters [PAR] Friday 19 February 2010 20.43 EST [PAR] First published on Friday 19 February 2010 20.43 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 6 years old [PAR] Great Britain planted its flag on the medal table last night with the most precious metal of all as Amy Williams won the women's skeleton event . It was \u00adBritain's first individual gold at a Winter Olympics since Robin Cousins took the men's figure skating title at Lake Placid in 1980. [PAR] Williams, who travelled to Vancouver as the No2 skeleton slider in the British team, behind Shelley Rudman, winner of the silver medal in Turin, swept aside the competition on the track at the Whistler Sliding Centre, with a winning margin of 0.56sec. [PAR] Two course records in her three runs left the 27-year-old with a half-second lead over her closest challenger, Melissa Hollingsworth of Canada, going into the fourth and final round of competition. Nothing is ever certain in the skeleton, especially on this controversial Whistler track, but with that kind of advantage Williams needed only to stay on her sledge to win. She did exactly that, and with aplomb. [PAR] \"I love this track,\" she said. \"Once you get over the fear factor you learn to love it and the speed is your friend. You've got to work with it and relax and if you do that it's a great track to slide.\" [PAR] Williams insisted she had never let her position as overnight leader play on her mind. \"I surprised myself because I wasn't really nervous,\" she said. \"I slept absolutely perfectly and I was quite excited. It doesn't feel like an Olympic Games - it just feels like a normal World Cup race except with more people shouting for me. [PAR] \"I'm not very good at statistics so I didn't realise I'm the first (individual) gold medallist for a long time. But I think it shows that if you have the determination any country can be good at any sport and you just have to concentrate and do your best.\" [PAR] Her victory is the first British gold medal at the winter Olympics since Rhona Martin's women's curling squad prevailed at Salt Lake City. Before that Jane Torvill and Christopher Dean won gold in the ice dancing at Sarajevo in 1984. [PAR] It came at an opportune moment for the 52-member British team, which had secured a best-placed finished of eighth \u2013 by Zoe Gillings in the women's snowboard cross. It also represented a ringing endorsement of the decision by UK Sport to invest \u00a32.1m \u2013 out a total of \u00a35.8 spent on winter sports \u00f1 in the skeleton event. [PAR] She has been competing in the skeleton since 2002 and won silver at last year's world championships in Lake Placid, New York, and lives in Bath, training at her event and working on a degree in sports performance at Bath University. [PAR] Meanwhile, Norway's Aksel Lund Svindal won a crash-strewn super-G yesterday to deny the American Bode Miller a first Olympic gold and claim his second medal in a week having taken silver in Monday's opening downhill ahead of third-placed Miller. [PAR] The charging Miller, who was 11th out"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Judaism: The Torah BBC - Religions - Judaism: The Torah [PAR] The Torah [PAR] Last updated 2009-08-13 [PAR] This article examines The Torah - what it is, how it is used and how it is constructed. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] What is the Torah? [PAR] The Torah is the first part of the Jewish bible. It is the central and most important document of Judaism and has been used by Jews through the ages. [PAR] Torah refers to the five books of Moses which are known in Hebrew as Chameesha Choomshey Torah. These are: Bresheit (Genesis), Shemot (Exodus), Vayicra (Leviticus), Bamidbar (Numbers), and Devarim (Deuteronomy). [PAR] Jews believe that God dictated the Torah to Moses on Mount Sinai 50 days after their exodus from Egyptian slavery. They believe that the Torah shows how God wants Jews to live. It contains 613 commandments and Jews refer to the ten best known of these as the ten 10 statements. [PAR] The Torah is written in Hebrew, the oldest of Jewish languages. It is also known as Torat Moshe, the Law of Moses. The Torah is the first section or first five books of the Jewish bible. However, Tanach is more commonly used to describe the whole of Jewish scriptures. This is an acronym made up from the first letter of the words Torah, Nevi im (prophets), and Ketuvim (writings). [PAR] Similarly, the term Torah is sometimes used in a more general sense to incorporate Judaism\u2019s written and oral law. This definition encompasses Jewish scripture in its entirety including all authoritative Jewish religious teachings throughout history. [PAR] The word Torah has various meanings in English. These include: teaching, instruction and law. For Jews the Torah means all of these. [PAR] How is the Torah used? [PAR] The Torah scrolls are taken out from the Ark (Aron ha kodesh) and portions read in the synagogue three times each week. On Mondays and Thursdays small sections are read. The main reading is on the morning of Shabbat (Sabbath). [PAR] Over the course of the year the whole scroll is read in sequence. This begins from the end of Sukkot which is an autumn festival. [PAR] The special portions for the readings are called parshioth and are usually three to five chapters in length. The reader has to be very skilled to read from the scroll because the letters are written without corresponding vowels. They have to know the portion very well to avoid making mistakes. The reading is conducted using an ancient tune and is sung rather than spoken. [PAR] The scrolls are not directly touched when unfurled on the Bimah (raised platform in middle of the synagogue). A pointer or Yad (hand) is used instead. This is in the shape of a hand with an outstretched finger. The reading or chanting is performed by a person who has been trained in this task. However it may be carried out by the rabbi. It is a very great honour for a congregant to be asked to attend at a reading during a synagogue service. This is called having an Aliyah which is Hebrew for going up. [PAR] The weekly portion or Sedrah is followed by the recitation of part of another of the Jewish holy writings. [PAR] How is a Torah scroll constructed? [PAR] The Torah scrolls are entirely handwritten in Hebrew by a sofer (scribe) on parchment from a kosher animal. This is usually a cow. It can take up to 18 months to complete the whole process from the complex preparation of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vicky Pollard - Latest news on Metro UK Vicky Pollard - Latest news on Metro UK [PAR] Vicky Pollard [PAR] Housemates ready for first full day [PAR] Contestants will spend their first day in the BB house This year\u2019s Big Brother contestants are set to spend their first full day in the house. A live launch show saw the 16 new housemates enter in the ninth series of the reality show. The contestants include a Thai masseuse, an albino song-writer and the [\u2026] [PAR] Housemates ready for first full day [PAR] Contestants set for their first full day in BB house This year\u2019s Big Brother contestants are set to spend their first full day in the house. A live launch show saw the 16 new housemates enter in the ninth series of the reality show. The contestants include a Thai masseuse, an albino song-writer and the [\u2026] [PAR] Movie star McQueen voted top biker [PAR] Steve McQueen has been voted the top all-time biker Movie legend Steve McQueen has been voted the top all-time biker for his exploits in the much-loved movie The Great Escape. McQueen got the accolade in a survey conducted by the Motorcycle Industry Association. Those polled also chose The Great Escape as their favourite film with [\u2026] [PAR] Little Britain to become Little USA [PAR] Daffyd the only gay in the village Matt Lucas and David Walliams are to make a US version of Little Britain, it was announced today. The pair have landed their own show on TV channel HBO. The series will feature a mix of brand new characters and Little Britain favourites \u2013 although American audiences might [\u2026] [PAR] Pupils \u2018influenced by TV teens\u2019 [PAR] Anti-social teenagers like Vicky Pollard and Catherine Tate\u2019s Lauren are fuelling disruptive behaviour in school, according to a survey of teachers. Teenagers are taking their cue from programmes like the Catherine Tate Show and Little Britain, repeating catchphrases such as \u201cam I bovvered?\u201d and \u201cwhatev-ah!\u201d when staff try to discipline them. Members of the Association [\u2026] [PAR] Comic climax for Red Nose Day [PAR] Sharon Osbourne turned bingo caller for Comic Relief Sharon Osbourne working as a bingo caller, former newspaper editor Piers Morgan battling not to lose his job again and Kate Moss playing Vicky Pollard\u2019s twin sister. It\u2019s that time of year again as the UK goes Comic Relief crazy on Red Nose Day in a bid [\u2026] [PAR] Comic climax for Red Nose Day [PAR] Sharon Osbourne at a special Comic Relief Bingo game Sharon Osbourne working as a bingo caller, former newspaper editor Piers Morgan battling not to lose his job again and Kate Moss playing Vicky Pollard\u2019s twin sister. It\u2019s that time of year again as the UK goes Comic Relief crazy on Red Nose Day in a [\u2026] [PAR] Lou and Andy turn up in Ramsay Street [PAR] Little Britain characters Lou and Andy will appear in an episode of Neighbours Little Britain characters Lou and Andy are to star in an episode of the Australian soap Neighbours. The pair, played by Matt Lucas and David Walliams, will make an appearance in Erinsborough\u2019s Scarlet Bar. The scene will be with long-standing Neighbours stars [\u2026] [PAR] Kate\u2019s tracksuit up for grabs [PAR] Kate Moss appearing as Katie Pollard, sister of Vicky Pollard Vicky Pollard would never be able to afford it \u2013 but the tracksuit worn by Kate Moss for her Little Britain appearance is going on sale on eBay. Moss, 33, wore the top when she appeared as Pollard\u2019s twin sister in the charity gala last [\u2026] [PAR] Little Britain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Knife Purposes & Types - Hocho Knife Knife Purposes & Types [PAR] Gyuto (Chefs knife) [PAR] Versatile cooking knife for cutting up, filleting and preparing meat and fish. Slim blades for intricate tasks, pull or push cuts. Most standard and popular blade among Western Style knives, so called \u201cChefs Knife\u201d. Gyuto is one of the most versatile blade type, suitable design for cutting, slicing meats, vegetables and fishes. [PAR] Santoku (All-Purpose knife) [PAR] All-round knife for meat, fish and vegetables (Santoku = the three virtues). Wider and rounded shape is suitable design for especially vegetables, but also cutting, slicing well for the fishes, meats. Santoku knife is popular knife and can be recommended as Multi Purpose Home Chef knife. The Santoku is sometimes called \"Bunka\" Bocho. [PAR] Slicing & Carving [PAR] Sujihiki/ Slicer/ Carving knife [PAR] \"Sujihiki\" or Slicer (or Carving knife, depending on the purpose and detailed shape) has narrower and longer blade. The Sujihiki is suitable design for the slicing tasks. If you often cut and slice (fillet) fishes, meats, hams etc, Sujihiki is the best choice for your needs. [PAR] Chinese Cooking knife [PAR] The Chinese Cooking knife is the rectangular-bladed, all-purpose knife traditionally used in China, and many other Asian countries to prepare a variety of meats, fish, and vegetables. After the world war II, made-in-Japan knife began to surface in Japan and recently in Asian countries. [PAR] Fish Slaughtering [PAR] Western Deba or Yo-Deba is the Western-style version of the traditional Japanese deba. The edge is generally double-edged. The Western Deba has heavier weight and more durable edge, designed for harder use --- for cutting a fish, chicken and shrimps, lobsters. [PAR] Japanese Style Knives [PAR] Deba [PAR] The \"Deba\" is designed for cutting fish and light mincing. The back of the blade can be used to chop thin bones. Thick and Heavier blade of Deba has good durable edge, suitable for cutting a Fish, a Chicken, also for filleting tasks. Its history goes back to the Edo era in Sakai, Japan. [PAR] Funayuki Deba [PAR] A filet knife, a multi-purpose Japanese traditional one. The name \"Funayuki\" or \"Going on a boat\" in Japanese. The profile is similar to a Deba, but is thicker than Deba to meet multi-purpose on a boat. This lightweight knife is easy to use on smaller fish. [PAR] Sashimi & Sushi [PAR] Yanagiba (Sashimi) [PAR] A Sashimi Knife, for cutting and filleting fish or ham with a pull stroke. Slim blade in the shape of a willow leaf or Katana (sword). Long and Narrower blade is suitable for slicing tasks. Especially for preparing fresh, good&beautiful shape of raw fishes (sashimi). The Yanagiba is called \"Shobu\" and popular in Western Japan (around Osaka and Kyoto). [PAR] Takohiki (Sashimi) [PAR] Square shape, longer blade of Sashimi Knife, designed for same purpose as Yanagiba. Not for slicing \"Tako\" (Octopus) but for making Sashimi. The edge line is almost straight, while Yanagiba knife's blade edge line is more curved towards the blade tip. The Takohiki was popular in Eastern Japan (around Tokyo)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Names of Nationalties in Spanish: A Lesson Covering ... Names of Nationalties in Spanish: A Lesson Covering Central and South America [PAR] Teaching Spanish: Vocabulary Practice with Country Names [PAR] written by: Curt Smothers \u2022 edited by: Rebecca Scudder \u2022 updated: 3/2/2012 [PAR] Learning Spanish opens new vistas to students. Spanish is spoken by millions of people in 20 countries south of the U.S. border and the Caribbean. This article is a suggested vocabulary resource that helps students in the vocabulary of country nationalities and geographical locations. [PAR] slide 1 of 4 [PAR] A Combination Vocabulary and Geography Approach [PAR] Learning the Spanish name for nearly all Hispanic countries is not particularly difficult. With the sole exception of the island nation of the Dominican Republic (la Rep\u00fablica Dominicana), each country is a cognate (the same in spelling and meaning) of its English counterpart. However, there is a teaching opportunity using the associated nationality with each country. For example, a person from Ecuador is called un ecuatoriano, while someone from Paraguay is known as un paraguayo. So, many of the associated nationality labels must be memorized, though there is a discernible pattern. [PAR] Likewise, teachers can use nationality vocabulary drills to familiarize students with where our Spanish-speaking neighbors are located on the map. For example, where are the tiny South American countries inhabited by los ecuatorianos and los paraguayos? This article includes a geographical \"factoid\" for each Spanish-speaking country in our hemisphere, along with maps. [PAR] slide 2 of 4 [PAR] Country and Nationality Data for Vocabulary Practice with \u201cFactoid\" [PAR] North America [PAR] Factoid: Just south of the U.S. border [PAR] Caribbean [PAR] Factoid: Just 90 miles south of Florida, the largest Island in the Caribbean [PAR] la Rep\u00fablica Dominicana [PAR] Factoid: Shares the eastern half of the Island of Hispaniola with French-speaking Haiti. [PAR] Puerto Rico (Spanish-speaking U.S. territory) [PAR] Capital: San Juan [PAR] Factoid: The small island just east of the Dominican Republic [PAR] Central America [PAR] Factoid: A lush, tropical country just north of Panama. [PAR] El Salvador [PAR] Factoid: Smallest Central American country. Located to the South of Guatemala and Honduras. [PAR] Guatemala [PAR] Factoid: Just south of Mexico [PAR] Honduras [PAR] Factoid: Due east of Guatemala. [PAR] Nicaragua [PAR] Factoid: South of Honduras, north of Costa Rica [PAR] Panam\u00e1 [PAR] Factoid: Narrow country bridging Central and South America [PAR] For extra credit: [PAR] What is the only non-Spanish speaking country in Central America? What is its official language? [PAR] Answer: Belize, English[DOC] [TLE] Managua, Nicaragua - Paradise in the World Managua, Nicaragua [PAR] Managua, Nicaragua [PAR] in North America [PAR] Managua is the capital of Nicaragua and at the same council of the same region. With 1,140,506 inhabitants Managua is also the country\u2019s largest city and main transport hub. At the site of Managua was originally an Indian settlement called Managuac. In 1819 there was founded the city of Managua under the official name \u201cLeal Villa de Santiago de Managua. In 1885 the city got the status of capital to the rivalry in this respect between the cities of Granada and Le\u00f3n to settle. In 1979 the city suffered great damage from bombing and military actions during the civil war in Nicaragua. During the nineties, after the Civil War, knew the city again to develop into a modern city. [PAR] managua [PAR] The fare for a bus in the city currently stands at 2.5 Cordoba. If you do not know which bus to take you can usually ask someone near the stop. There is no map of Managua where the bus lines are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo Number-calling Nicknames - il dado Bingo Number-calling Nicknames [PAR] 35.. Jump and jive - Flirty wives [PAR] 36.. Three dozen - Perfect (as in 36-24-36) - Yardstick... he wishes! (USA) [PAR] 37.. A flea in heaven - More than eleven [PAR] 38.. Christmas cake [PAR] 39.. Those famous steps - All the steps - Jack Benny [PAR] 40.. Two score - Life begins at - Blind 40 - Naughty 40 - Mary (USA) [PAR] 41.. Life\ufffds begun - Time for fun [PAR] 42.. That famous street in Manhattan - Whinny the Poo [PAR] 43.. Down on your knees [PAR] 44.. Droopy drawers - All the fours - Open two doors - Magnum (USA) [PAR] 45.. Halfway house - Halfway there - Cowboy's friend - Colt (USA) [PAR] 46.. Up to tricks [PAR] 48.. Four dozen [PAR] 49.. PC (Police Constable) - Copper - Nick nick - Rise and shine [PAR] 50.. Bulls eye - Bung hole - Blind 50 - Half a century - Snow White's number (five-oh - five-oh..) - Hawaii five O, Hawaii (USA) [PAR] 51.. I love my mum - Tweak of the thumb - The Highland Div[ision] - President's salute [PAR] 52.. Weeks in a year - The Lowland Div[ision] - Danny La Rue - Pack 'o cards - Pickup (USA) [PAR] 53.. Stuck in the tree - The Welsh Div[ision] - The joker [PAR] 54.. Clean the floor - House of bamboo (famous song) [PAR] 55.. Snakes alive - All the fives - Double nickels - Give us fives - Bunch of fives [PAR] 56.. Was she worth it? [PAR] 57.. Heinz varieties - All the beans (Heinz 57 varieties of canned beans) [PAR] 58.. Make them wait - Choo choo Thomas [PAR] 59.. Brighton line (engine 59 or it took 59 mins to go from London to Brighton) [PAR] 60.. Three score - Blind 60 - Five dozen [PAR] 61.. Bakers bun [PAR] 62.. Tickety boo - Turn on the screw [PAR] 63.. Tickle me - Home ball (USA) [PAR] 64.. The Beatles number - Red raw [PAR] 65.. Old age pension - Stop work (retirement age) [PAR] 66.. Clickety click - All the sixes - Quack quack (USA) [PAR] 67.. Made in heaven - Argumentative number [PAR] 68.. Saving grace - Check your weight [PAR] 69.. The same both ways - Your place or mine? - Any way up - Either way up - Any way round - Meal for two - The French connection - Yum yum - Happy meal (USA) [PAR] 70.. Three score and ten - Blind 70 - Big O (USA) [PAR] 71.. Bang on the drum - Lucky one [PAR] 72.. A crutch and a duck - Six dozen - Par for the course (golf) - Lucky two [PAR] 73.. Crutch with a flea - Queen B - Under the tree - Lucky three [PAR] 74.. Candy store - Grandmamma of Bingo - Lucky four [PAR] 75.. Strive and strive - Big Daddy - Granddaddy of Bingo - Lucky five [PAR] 76.. Trombones - Seven 'n' six - was she worth it? - Lucky six [PAR] 77.. Sunset strip - All the sevens - Two little crutches - The double hockey stick - Lucky seven [PAR] 78.. Heavens gate - Lucky eight [PAR] 79.. One more time - Lucky nine [PAR] 80.. Gandhi's breakfast - Blind 80 - Eight and blank - There you go matey [PAR] 81.. Fat lady and a little wee - Stop and run - Corner shot [PAR] 82.. Fat lady with a duck - Straight on through [PAR] 83.. Fat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crome Yellow by Aldous Huxley, First Edition - AbeBooks Crome Yellow by Aldous Huxley, First Edition - AbeBooks [PAR] Crome Yellow by Aldous Huxley, First Edition [PAR] You Searched For: [PAR] Results (1 - 30) of 34 [PAR] 1 [PAR] Published by Penguin Books (1955) [PAR] Used First Edition [PAR] Published by Bantam Books: Modern Classic Editions, New York, NY (1968) [PAR] Used Paperback First Edition [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Bantam Books: Modern Classic Editions, New York, NY, 1968. Paperback. First Edition Thus [1968], so stated. First Edition Thus [1968], so stated. Very Near Fine in Wraps: shows only the most minute indications of use: just the former owner's name inscribed in ink at the upper front endpaper and the mildest rubbing to the wrapper covers; a couple of very faint smudges; the pages have tainned very slightly. The binding is square and secure; the text is clean. Very close to 'As New'. NOT a Remainder, Book-Club, or Ex-Library. 12mo. 152pp. First published in the USA by Doubleday in 1922; Bantam published its first paperback edition in 1955 and followed with several formats and covers, all Mass Market Paperback editions. This is the first printing of a new edition in the Modern Classics Series. Mass Market Paperback. Huxley's talent, especially in his first novel, is to pour out ideas (the subjects and issues covered here are staggeringly diverse for such a short book) without losing the human spark or light touch that keeps you reading. Crome Yellow, the story (I use the word loosely) of fairly lazy aristocrats whiling the weeks away at a luxurious country estate, manages to be at once a dozen (or more) intelligent essays--on all different subjects and from many points of view, a romantic comedy, a character(s) study, a social satire, and a charming short story collection. Aldous Huxley was a young man and when he wrote Crome Yellow in the early twenties (not long out of college) he was more agnostic skeptic and social critic than the psychedelic mystic and dystopian prophet he would become. Yet the themes, and sometimes more, of his later work are all present here. There's a suggestion of mysticism and the \"other world,\" albeit in a more comic manner than The Doors of Perception. Denis, with his anxieties around women and self-loathing, hand-wringing intelligence, is an early version of Bernard in Brave New World. And early in the book (at a pig pen of all places) a character hypothesizes about the future--and describes almost exactly the world Huxley would portray in Brave New World! It's fascinating to see, in this modernist society tale, the seeds of Huxley's future work. But better yet are all the ideas and separate stories Huxley crams into Crome Yellow: the historical tale of a dwarfish aristocrat and his gigantic son, a romantic escapade on the roof between a dashing visitor and the well-read yet thick Mary, the frequent and inept attempts of Denis to woo Anne, and cynical but comparatively content Mr. Scogan, who imagines stories to fill the mock books in the library, and cross-dresses as a fortune teller to scare the villagers at the annual fair. All in all, a great, quick read and a touchstone for all of Huxley's themes in a most unlikely vehicle. Bookseller Inventory # 44741 [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: The Albatross [c.1938], Leipzig, 1938. Mass Market Paperback. Book Condition: Fair. First Edition Thus; Second Printing. Leipzig: The Albatross [c.1938]. Fair. 1938. First Edition Thus; Second Printing. Mass Market Paperback. Later [2nd] impression thus. The Albatross Modern Continental"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hypnos - Greek Mythology Hypnos [PAR] Hypnos [PAR] See More Hypnos Pictures > [PAR] Hypnos was a primordial deity in Greek mythology, the personification of sleep. He lived in a cave next to his twin brother, Thanatos , in the underworld , where no light was cast by the sun or the moon; the earth in front of the cave was full of poppies and other sleep-inducing plants. The river Lethe (the river of forgetfulness) flowed through the cave. He was the son of Nyx (night) and Erebus (darkness), while his wife, Pasithea, was one of the youngest of the Graces and was given to him by Hera . Hypnos and Pasithea had a number of sons called the Oneiroi (the dreams), who according to some sources were three in number; Morpheus , Phobetor and Phantasos. [PAR] Hypnos managed to put Zeus to sleep twice, when he was asked by Hera . The first time, Hera devised a plan to avenge the ransacking of Troy by Heracles , Zeus ' son; so, Hypnos put Zeus to sleep and Hera unleashed angry winds on the oceans while Heracles was sailing home from Troy . When Zeus awoke, he was infuriated and tried to find Hypnos , who managed to hide with his mother, Nyx . [PAR] The second time, Hypnos was reluctant to trick Zeus again, afraid of his wrath. Hera , however, told him that she would give him Pasithea, one of the youngest Charites (Graces), for his wife. After Hypnos made Hera swear an oath by the river Styx that she would fulfill her part of the bargain, he agreed to help her. Hera , dressed beautifully and having a charm that Aphrodite had given to her, went to Zeus , and lied to him, saying that her parents were quarreling, and that she wanted his approval to go and stop them. Zeus agreed, but he was so enchanted by her beauty that he took her in his embrace; at that moment, Hypnos made Zeus fall asleep. He immediately went to Poseidon to inform him that he could now help the Greeks in the Trojan War . That's how the myth has it that the Greeks won the war; Zeus never realised that he had been tricked once again. [PAR] Hypnos Is also called Somnus, Hypnus.[DOC] [TLE] HYPNOS - Greek God of Sleep (Roman Somnus) HYPNOS - Greek God of Sleep (Roman Somnus) [PAR] Hypnos [PAR] Hypnos god of sleep, Apulian red-figure vase C4th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum [PAR] HYPNOS was the god or personified spirit (daimon) of sleep. He dwelt in Erebos, the land of eternal darkness beyond the gates of the rising sun, and rose into the sky each night in the train of his mother Nyx (Night). Hypnos was often paired with his twin brother Thanatos (Peaceful Death), and the Oneiroi (Dreams) were his brothers or sons. [PAR] Hypnos was depicted as a young man with wings on his shoulders or brow. His attributes included either a horn of sleep-inducing opium, a poppy-stem, a branch dripping water from the river Lethe (Forgetfulness), or an inverted torch. [PAR] His Roman equivalent was Somnus or Sopor. [PAR] FAMILY OF HYPNOS [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1.1] NYX (no father) (Hesiod Theogony 212, Homer Iliad 14.250, Aeschylus Frag 250, Seneca Hercules Furens1068, Nonnus Dionysiaca 31.103) [PAR] [1.2] EREBOS & NYX (Hyginus Preface, Cicero De Natura Deorum. 3.17) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.1] THE ONEIROI x 1000 , MORPHEUS , IKELOS , PHANTASOS (Ovid Metamorphoses 11.630) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] HYPNUS, the personification and god of sleep, the Latin Somnus,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rosemary's Baby (1968) - IMDb Rosemary's Baby (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A young couple move into an apartment, only to be surrounded by peculiar neighbors and occurrences. When the wife becomes mysteriously pregnant, paranoia over the safety of her unborn child begins to control her life. [PAR] Director: [PAR] User Lists [PAR] Related lists from IMDb users [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 16 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 24 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Rosemary's Baby \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 9 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When a teenage girl is possessed by a mysterious entity, her mother seeks the help of two priests to save her daughter. [PAR] Director: William Friedkin [PAR] Mysterious deaths surround an American ambassador. Could the child that he is raising actually be the Antichrist? The Devil's own son? [PAR] Director: Richard Donner [PAR] Carrie White, a shy, friendless teenage girl who is sheltered by her domineering, religious mother, unleashes her telekinetic powers after being humiliated by her classmates at her senior prom. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] A sex-repulsed woman who disapproves of her sister's boyfriend sinks into depression and has horrific visions of rape and violence. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] Fifteen years after murdering his sister on Halloween night 1963, Michael Myers escapes from a mental hospital and returns to the small town of Haddonfield to kill again. [PAR] Director: John Carpenter [PAR] A bureaucrat rents a Paris apartment where he finds himself drawn into a rabbit hole of dangerous paranoia. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] Two siblings visit their grandfather's grave in Texas along with three of their friends and are attacked by a family of cannibalistic psychopaths. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] A wealthy San Francisco socialite pursues a potential boyfriend to a small Northern California town that slowly takes a turn for the bizarre when birds of all kinds suddenly begin to attack people. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.5/10 X [PAR] Several people are hunted by a cruel serial killer who kills his victims in their dreams. While the survivors are trying to find the reason for being chosen, the murderer won't lose any chance to kill them as soon as they fall asleep. [PAR] Director: Wes Craven [PAR] Oskar, an overlooked and bullied boy, finds love and revenge through Eli, a beautiful but peculiar girl. [PAR] Director: Tomas Alfredson [PAR] A family's home is haunted by a host of ghosts. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] A private detective hired to expose an adulterer finds himself caught up in a web of deceit, corruption and murder. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Rosemary and Guy Woodhouse move into an apartment in an opulent but gothic building in Manhattan. Their landlord Edward \"Hutch\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NBA.com Team Index - basketball teams Team stats, details, videos, and news. | NBA.com [PAR] Conf. East17 - 94th 6.5 GB [PAR] Div. Southeast4 - 41st 0 GB"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] fratricide - Wiktionary fratricide - Wiktionary [PAR] fratricide [PAR] The killing of one's brother (or sister ). [PAR] 1856, Mrs. William Busk, [PAR] Medi\u00e6val Popes, Emperors, Kings, and Crusaders: Or, Germany, Italy and Palestine, from A.D. 1125 to A.D. 1268 [PAR] [1] , volume IV, London: Hookham and Sons, [PAR] OCLC 2480341 [PAR] , page 294: [PAR] The new accusation brought by Urban against Manfred of murdering his sister-in-law's embassador \u2013 it may be observed that, tacitly, he acquits him of parricide, fratricide, and nepoticide \u2013 requires a little explanation. [PAR] 2014, Albert Lee Strickland, \u201cFamilicide\u201d, in Michael John Brennan, editor, [PAR] The A\u2013Z of Death and Dying: Social, Medical, and Cultural Aspects [PAR] ISBN 978-1-4408-0344-4 [PAR] , pages 205\u2013206: [PAR] Terms related to familicide include filicide (the killing of one's child or children), uxoricide (the killing of one's wife), fratricide or sororicide (the killing of one's brother or sister), avunculicide (the killing of one's uncle), and nepoticide (the killing of one's nephew). [PAR] A person who commits this crime . [PAR] 1936, H. A. L. Fisher, A History of Europe, Edward Arnold Publishers, p.376, [PAR] The conversion of Russia to Christianity was effected, it would seem by a monster of cruelty and lust. That Vladimir (980\u20131015) was a fratricide, who maintained 3,500 concubines, has not prevented his canonization as a saint. [PAR] (military, by extension) The intentional or unintentional killing of a comrade in arms . [PAR] 1999, Richard M. Swain, Lucky War: Third Army in Desert Storm , DIANE Publishing, page 180, [PAR] From January on, Third Army also spent a good deal of energy trying to solve the problem of fratricide, the killing or injuring of one's own forces by what is ironically called 'friendly fire,'...[DOC] [TLE] Fratricide - definition of fratricide by The Free Dictionary Fratricide - definition of fratricide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Fratricide - definition of fratricide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/fratricide [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] frat\u00b7ri\u00b7cide [PAR] a. The killing of one's brother or sister. [PAR] b. One who has killed one's brother or sister. [PAR] 2. The accidental killing of an ally caused by a discharge of a military weapon. [PAR] [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin fr\u0101tric\u012bdium and fr\u0101tric\u012bda : fr\u0101ter, fr\u0101tr-, brother; see bhr\u0101ter- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + -c\u012bdium and -c\u012bda, -cide.] [PAR] frat\u2032ri\u00b7cid\u2032al (-s\u012bd\u2032l) adj. [PAR] fratricide"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Portvs Dvbris - Roman-Britain.co.uk PORTVS DVBRIS [PAR] Portvs Dvbris [PAR] Type: Fort, Villa, Pharos, Town [PAR] Roads [PAR] Possible Coastal Road: E (5) to Folkestone (Kent) [PAR] N (12) to Rvtvpiae (Richborough, Kent) [PAR] Trackway: WSW (13) to Portvs Lemanis (Lympne, Kent) [PAR] N (9) to Worth [PAR] Portus Dubris - The Port on the river Dubras [PAR] The town appears as one of the termini of the third route in the British section of the Antonine Itinerary of the late-second century. Iter III is entitled \"the route from Londinium to Portus Dubris - sixty-six thousand paces\", and places Portum Dubris 13 miles away from Durovernum (Canterbury, Kent). [PAR] Dover is next mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum of the late-fourth century. Under the heading \"at the disposal of the respectable man, the Count of the Saxon shore in Britain\", the entry Dubris is listed between the entries for Othona (Bradwell, Essex) and Portus Lemanis (Lympne, Kent). [PAR] The final mention of the Roman port occurs in the Ravenna Cosmology (R&C#71) of the seventh century, which lists the name Dubris between the entries for Portus Lemanis (Lympne, Kent) and Durovernum Cantiacorum (Canterbury, Kent). [PAR] \"Dover Kent. Dubris 4th cent., Dofras c.700, Dovere 1086 ( [PAR] DB [PAR] ). Named from the stream here, now called the Dour, a river-name (Welsh/Gaelic) *dubras meaning simply 'the waters'.\" (Mills) [PAR] Epigraphic Evidence from Portus Dubris [PAR] There are only three inscriptions on stone recorded in the R.I.B. for Dover, all of them added since the work was first published. There is an excellent inscription dedicated to the Matres by a government official from the provincial capital (vide infra), and another text which reads [PAR] EVSEB III IV IV [PAR] or \"Euseb[ius?] three four four\" (RIB 65c; Britannia xiv (1983), p.336, no.1). The final text is severely damaged, reading [PAR] ... ... ...VSI... ...ST... [PAR] (RIB 65d; Britannia ix (1978), p.474, no.3), which defies translation. [PAR] Dedicatory Inscription to the Mother Goddesses by a Stator Consularis [PAR] ST COS OL CORDIVS CANDID MATRIB ITALICIS AEDEM FECIT VSLM [PAR] \"The governor's messenger from the offices of London,\u00b9 Cordius Candidus, for the Mother Goddesses of the Italians, has made this temple, willingly and deservedly fulfilling a vow.\" [PAR] (RIB 65b; Britannia viii (1977), pp426-7, no.4) [PAR] This portion of the text has been expanded [PAR] ST[ator] CO[n]S[ularis] O[fficina] L[ondini] [PAR] . The title stator consularis is literally translated as 'one who establishes or upholds [the edicts] of the consular governor'. [PAR] The Dover Entry in the Notitia Dignitatum [PAR] Praepositus militum Tungrecanorum, Dubris [PAR] ( Notitia Dignitatum xxviii.14; 4th/5th C.) [PAR] Garrison Port of the Classis Britannica [PAR] A major fort of the Classis Britannia was established at Dover c.85AD as a replacement for their old fort at Richborough. The town developed during the late-1st century. Around 90AD twin lighthouses or Pharos were built on the north cliffs (at NGRef. TR3141 and TR3241). These were originally around 25m high with 4m thick walls made of stone with a rubble infill, octagonal in exterior shape with a 4m square central space. The second century fort covered (0.8ha) and is the suspected headquarters of the Classis Britannica or 'the British Fleet'. Around 270AD the second-century fort was replaced with a substantial 'Saxon Shore' fort, and it ceased to be a base of the Classis Britannica at the same time. [PAR] By the fourth century there were two lighthouses at Dubris, set on the cliff tops overlooking the port to either side of the River Dour. The north-eastern pharos was the first to be built, possibly as early"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Project MUSE - Love and Marriage in 18th-Century Britain Project MUSE - Love and Marriage in 18th-Century Britain [PAR] Love and Marriage in 18th-Century Britain [PAR] Wendy Moore (bio) [PAR] William Hogarth graphically depicted the pitfalls of arranged marriage in his cautionary cartoon series Marriage \u00e0-la-mode, published in 1745. Samuel Johnson famously described second marriages as the \"triumph of hope over experience.\" The Georgians' fixation with wedlock was no accident. The secret of a successful marriage was one of the most hotly debated topics in the salons and coffee-houses of 18th-century England, and the outcome of this febrile discourse set the tone for our modern-day Western approach to marriage based on the ideal of a harmonious, companionable partnership founded in mutual love. 1 [PAR] The shift in ideas about marriage was profound. At the beginning of the 18th century most marriages among landed or moneyed families were essentially financial arrangements designed to cement powerful alliances and exchange or acquire land and property. Although people in working-class and agricultural communities were more or less free to choose their own partners for life\u2014albeit generally within the same narrow economic group and geographical area\u2014the vast majority of marriages among aristocratic, wealthy, and middle-class families were arranged by parents with the prospective bride and bridegroom having little or no say. [PAR] Children were often betrothed in infancy and married in their teens, frequently to partners they barely knew and sometimes with disastrous consequences. Lord Halifax in his Advice to a Daughter, published in 1688, made the prospects plain when he explained: \"It is one of the Disadvantages belonging to your Sex, that young Women are seldom permitted to make their own Choice.\" 2 But if Lord Halifax\u2014and presumably his daughter\u2014was prepared to accept such an arrangement, others were not. [PAR] In a scathing indictment of marriage published in 1700, the writer Mary Astell demanded to know: \"If Marriage be such a blessed State, how comes it, may you say, that there are so few happy marriages?\" 3 She remained a spinster. When the 23-year-old Lady Mary Pierrepont was betrothed by her father in 1712 to an Irish aristocrat she had never met, she described her wedding arrangements as \"daily preparations for my journey to Hell.\" 4 Rather than descend into eternal torment, she eloped and married her lover, Edward Wortley Montagu, just days before the planned ceremony. [PAR] Click for larger view [PAR] View full resolution [PAR] From William Hogarth's Marriage \u00e0-la-mode, \"The Toilette Scene,\" 1745. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-112875]. [PAR] As a growing number of thwarted young lovers voted with their feet, so criticism of arranged marriages increased during the first half of the 18th century. Hogarth's popular series of six scenes, which depict the tragic outcome of a marriage contracted by money-grasping parents and silver-tongued lawyers between a debauched young earl and the daughter of a rich merchant, reflected the mood. The writer Hester Chapone characterized such matches as \"Smithfield bargains,\" in reference to the famed London meat market, and exclaimed, \"so much ready money for so much land, and my daughter flung in into the bargain!\" 5 [PAR] At the same time, the emphasis on self-expression, free will, and personal feelings in early 18th-century novels such as Daniel Defoe's Roxana (1724) and Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) was blamed for undermining the concept of arranged marriages and fueling expectations of romantic love. 6 Whether the rising popularity of novels really influenced views on marriage or simply reflected changing opinion can probably never be determined. But certainly the former was the perception among disapproving older"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Getaway Reviews & Ratings - IMDb The Getaway Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 39 out of 49 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Steamy, Entertaining Re-Make [PAR] from United States [PAR] 2 June 2006 [PAR] This was a very entertaining, if morally way below par, action movie which consistently keeps your attention with intense scenes. Kim Bassinger probably looked as good as she ever looked which is saying a lot. She has one of the steamiest scenes I've ever seen on a mainline film (my tape was the \"unrated\" version) but at least it was with her real-life husband (at the time) Alec Baldwin. [PAR] This re-make of the 1972 film also has Michael Madsen, James Woods, Mike Morse and Jennifer Tilley - all playing sleazy characters. They are so bad they make Baldwin & Bassinger look like monks. This movie is not exactly Mary Poppins. There's almost too much of a mean edge to it....almost. Perhaps I enjoy ogling Bassinger too much to can this movie for its baseness. [PAR] Whatever, this entertains to the degree that it makes it a very quick two hours. There is no way you could get bored watching this film. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 31 out of 37 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Am I the only one who loves this movie? [PAR] from Fremont, CA [PAR] 4 February 2000 [PAR] The action scenes are top notch. Maybe I'm just a sucker for colorful characters and the bank heist angle is well done. Best of all is Alec Baldwin's character, Doc. Baldwin and the rest of the cast really deliver their lines with panache. [PAR] Bank jobs, car chase, cat-and-mouse in a four story hotel, steamy sex, crazy characters.... what else do you want? [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 25 out of 31 people found the following review useful: [PAR] a interesting remake [PAR] Author: sole reviewer [PAR] 20 March 2002 [PAR] I tend to like the original more yet the 1994 remake THE GETAWAY, was a very good film. The strength of this version is the modren pacing and action also the revamped dialouge and several additional characters. I bumped into david morse once...of note is his role in this film. THE GETAWAY works because the chemistry of sex and violence between the characters played by BALDWIN and BASINGER works. It's not cheesy or contrived. This film is a tale of moral love betrayal and the classic analogy of there being no honor among thieves. The remake follows pretty much the same plot as the STEVE MCQUEEN classic yet takes a few different turns. Fans of the original will like this version as well, one nice aspect is that it maintains a similar look to the original. During the early 1970's several films like this and GONE IN 60 SECONDS had the same visual flair. This film matches the tone of the original and succeeds as a modren film for contemporary audiences. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 18 out of 21 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Worthwhile remake [PAR] 19 February 2005 [PAR] *** This review may contain spoilers *** [PAR] I recently had the opportunity to watch this movie and the 1972 version back to back (the modern version first). I was amazed at how exactly some of the minute details in the original movie were repeated in the remake. The garbage bin, the locker gimmick, the character of the innkeeper and paint truck owner. It was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Secretary of State for Defence : Wikis (The Full Wiki) Secretary of State for Defence : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Secretary of State for Defence [PAR] Incumbent: [PAR] Politics portal [PAR] view \u2022 talk \u2022 edit [PAR] The Secretary of State for Defence, popularly known as the Defence Secretary, is the senior United Kingdom government minister in charge of the Ministry of Defence , chairing the Defence Council . It is a Cabinet position. The position was created in 1964 as successor to the posts of Minister for Coordination of Defence (1936\u20131940) and Minister of Defence (1940\u20131964). [PAR] Contents [PAR] Minister for Coordination of Defence (1936\u20131940) [PAR] Lord Chatfield served as the second and final Minister for Coordination of Defence. [PAR] The position of Minister for Coordination of Defence was a British Cabinet -level position established in 1936 to oversee and co-ordinate the rearmament of Britain's defences. [PAR] The position was established by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin in response to criticism that Britain's armed forces were understrength compared to those of Nazi Germany . This campaign had been led by Winston Churchill and many expected him to be appointed as the new minister, though nearly every other senior figure in the National Government was also speculated upon by politicians and commentators. Despite this, Baldwin's choice of the Attorney General Sir Thomas Inskip provoked widespread astonishment. A famous remark was \"This is the most cynical appointment since Caligula made his horse a consul\". [1] The appointment is now regarded as a sign of caution by Baldwin who did not wish to appoint someone like Churchill who would have been interpreted by foreign powers as a sign of the United Kingdom preparing for war, as well as a desire to avoid taking onboard a controversial and radical minister. [PAR] In 1939 Inskip was succeeded by First Sea Lord Lord Chatfield . When the Second World War broke out, the new Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain formed a small War Cabinet and it was expected that Chatfield would serve as a spokesperson for the three service ministers, the Secretary of State for War , the First Lord of the Admiralty and the Secretary of State for Air ; however political considerations resulted in all three posts being included in the Cabinet and Chatfield's role proved increasingly redundant. In April 1940 the position was formally wound up and the functions transferred to other Ministers. [PAR] Name [PAR] ( National Government ; War Government ) [PAR] Ministers of Defence (1940\u20131964) [PAR] The post of Minister of Defence was responsible for co-ordination of defence and security from its creation in 1940 until its abolition in 1964. The post was a Cabinet level post and generally ranked above the three service ministers, some of whom, however, continued to also serve in Cabinet. [PAR] On his appointment as Prime Minister in May 1940, Winston Churchill created for himself the new post of Minister of Defence. The post was created in response to previous criticism that there had been no clear single minister in charge of the prosecution of World War II . In 1946, the post became the only cabinet level post representing the military, with the three service ministers - the Secretary of State for War , the First Lord of the Admiralty , and the Secretary of State for Air , now formally subordinated to the Minister of Defence. [PAR] Name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dick Whittington | Dickwhittington.org Dick Whittington | Dickwhittington.org [PAR] Winter opening times apply View full times here [PAR] Call Dick Whittington on 01452 831000 for all enquiries [PAR] Dick Whittington [PAR] Dick Whittington was born in Pauntley near Newent sometime in the middle of the fourteenth century. Quite how he found his way to London in the first place is unknown but the earliest recorded mention of him in the City seems to be in 1379 when he contributed 5 marks to a municipal loan. Whittington was a mercer by trade and in fact he served as Lord Mayor of London on three separate occasions: first in 1397, then again in 1406-7, and for the third and final time in 1419-20. The famous nursery-rhyme account of his life has him arriving in the capital a poor orphan from the West of England, having heard that the streets of London were paved with gold. Unfortunately he found himself the victim of repeated beatings by the cook in the household of a rich merchant who had given him shelter and so (according to his entry in the D.N.B.) [PAR] He stole away from Leaden hall Street early in the morning of All Hallows Day, and left the City behind him, but as he rested at Highgate he heard Bow bells ring out a merry peal, which seemed to say: Turn again, Whittington, Lord Mayor of London [PAR] Whereupon he returned to his pots and spits and married Alice Fitzwarren (his master\u2019s daughter), and rose thrice to be Lord Mayor of London. [PAR] Whittington\u2019s cat had been on a lengthy voyage on a ship belonging to Dick\u2019s master while the young Whittington was having such a rough time of things back in Leaden hall Street. The vessel stopped to take on provisions at a previously unknown part of the Barbary Coast where the king of that country, whose palace was overrun with rats and mice, bought the cat for an enormous price. Dick never saw his beloved cat again but the sales proceeds were shipped back to England and on the return from that particular overseas investment he and his wife Alice lived happily ever after."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography \u2013 The Tolkien Society Biography \u2013 The Tolkien Society [PAR] J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biographical Sketch [PAR] By David Doughan MBE [PAR] Who was Tolkien? [PAR] Photo by Pamela Chandler. \u00a9 Diana Willson. Used with permission. [PAR] John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973) was a major scholar of the English language, specialising in Old and Middle English. Twice Professor of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) at the University of Oxford, he also wrote a number of stories, including most famously The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), which are set in a pre-historic era in an invented version of our world which he called by the Middle English name of Middle-earth. This was peopled by Men (and women), Elves, Dwarves, Trolls, Orcs (or Goblins) and of course Hobbits. He has regularly been condemned by the Eng. Lit. establishment, with honourable exceptions, but loved by literally millions of readers worldwide. [PAR] In the 1960s he was taken up by many members of the nascent \u201ccounter-culture\u201d largely because of his concern with environmental issues. In 1997 he came top of three British polls, organised respectively by Channel 4 / Waterstone\u2019s, the Folio Society, and SFX, the UK\u2019s leading science fiction media magazine, amongst discerning readers asked to vote for the greatest book of the 20th century. Please note also that his name is spelt Tolkien (there is no \u201cTolkein\u201d). [PAR] Childhood and Youth [PAR] The name \u201cTolkien\u201d (pron.: Tol-keen; equal stress on both syllables) is believed to be of German origin; Toll-k\u00fchn: foolishly brave, or stupidly clever \u2013 hence the pseudonym \u201cOxymore\u201d which he occasionally used. His father\u2019s side of the family appears to have migrated from Saxony in the 18th century, but over the century and a half before his birth had become thoroughly Anglicised. Certainly his father, Arthur Reuel Tolkien, considered himself nothing if not English. Arthur was a bank clerk, and went to South Africa in the 1890s for better prospects of promotion. There he was joined by his bride, Mabel Suffield, whose family were not only English through and through, but West Midlands since time immemorial. So John Ronald (\u201cRonald\u201d to family and early friends) was born in Bloemfontein, S.A., on 3 January 1892. His memories of Africa were slight but vivid, including a scary encounter with a large hairy spider, and influenced his later writing to some extent; slight, because on 15 February 1896 his father died, and he, his mother and his younger brother Hilary returned to England \u2013 or more particularly, the West Midlands. [PAR] The West Midlands in Tolkien\u2019s childhood were a complex mixture of the grimly industrial Birmingham conurbation, and the quintessentially rural stereotype of England, Worcestershire and surrounding areas: Severn country, the land of the composers Elgar, Vaughan Williams and Gurney, and more distantly the poet A. E. Housman (it is also just across the border from Wales). Tolkien\u2019s life was split between these two: the then very rural hamlet of Sarehole, with its mill, just south of Birmingham; and darkly urban Birmingham itself, where he was eventually sent to King Edward\u2019s School. By then the family had moved to King\u2019s Heath, where the house backed onto a railway line \u2013 young Ronald\u2019s developing linguistic imagination was engaged by the sight of coal trucks going to and from South Wales bearing destinations like\u201d Nantyglo\u201d,\u201d Penrhiwceiber\u201d and \u201cSenghenydd\u201d. [PAR] Then they moved to the somewhat more pleasant Birmingham suburb of Edgbaston. However, in the meantime, something of profound significance had occurred, which estranged Mabel and her children from both sides of the family: in 1900, together with her sister May, she"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martina Navratilova (Tennis Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating ... Martina Navratilova (Tennis Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Martina Navratilova [PAR] Former Tennis Player [PAR] Female [PAR] Martina Navratilova is a retired Czech American tennis player and a former World No. 1. Billie Jean King said about Navratilova in 2006, \"She's the greatest singles, doubles and mixed doubles player who's ever lived. \" Navratilova won 18 Grand Slam singles titles, 31 major women's doubles titles, and 10 major mixed doubles titles.\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Murray's Rise To Top 'amazing Accomplishment': Navratilova [PAR] Yahoo News - Nov 06, 2016 [PAR] ' Scotsman Andy Murray\\'s achievement in becoming men\\'s tennis world number one is exceptional women\\'s tennis legend <mark>Martina Navratilova</mark> told the BBC on Sunday. Murray, 29, moved to the top of the rankings for the first time in his career after replacing long-time incumbent Novak Djokovic when Milos Raonic pulled out of their semi-final in Paris on Saturday. The Scot\\'s climb to the ATP rankings\\' summit -- the first Briton to do so since computerised rankings came in in 1973 -... [PAR] Us Athletes Jumping Into Heated Presidential Race [PAR] Yahoo News - Oct 31, 2016 [PAR] ' As the presidential candidates sprint the final leg of the race for the White House, sports luminaries are lining up behind their preferred candidates. LeBron James, Stephen Curry and <mark>Martina Navratilova</mark> have said they will vote for Democrat Hillary Clinton on November 8, while Republican candidate Donald Trump has the support of Mike Tyson, Jack Nicklaus and Dennis Rodman. ' [PAR] Evert Sees Post Serena 'new Era' Taking Shape [PAR] Yahoo News - Oct 29, 2016 [PAR] 'Women\\'s tennis has entered a new era no longer dominated by Serena Williams, 18-time Grand Slam winner Chris Evert said Saturday. \\\"I don\\'t think nobody will dominate in the near future anyway like Serena Williams, and kudos to her, it shows how great she was as a player, but I think now this is how we\\'re going to form some new rivalry where the girls will have to play it out,\\\" she said at the WTA Finals in Singapore. The variety and depth, different age groups, different styles of play,... [PAR] Maria Sharapova Joins Wtt Smash Hits Charity Tennis Event To Benefit The Elton John Aids Foundation [PAR] Yahoo News - Oct 05, 2016 [PAR] 'NEW YORK, Oct. 5, 2016 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ --\u00c2 The Elton John AIDS Foundation (EJAF) is pleased to announce that tennis star Maria Sharapova will join Mardy Fish, John McEnroe, <mark>Martina Navratilova</mark>, Mark Philippoussis, and Andy Roddick to headline World TeamTennis (WTT) Smash Hits at Caesars Palace, a charity night of tennis co-hosted by longtime friends Sir Elton John and Billie Jean King on Monday, October 10, 2016.\u00c2 Also joining the line-up is former world No. 1 doubles sta... [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Martina Navratilova. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1956 Birth Born on October 18, 1956. [PAR] 1962 5 Years Old In 1962, her mother Jana married Miroslav Navr\u00c3\u00a1til, who became her first tennis coach. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Martina then took the name of her stepfather (adding the feminine suffix \"ov\u00c3\u00a1\"), thus becoming Martina Navr\u00c3\u00a1tilov\u00c3\u00a1. Her father, Mirek, was a ski instructor and remarried and divorced. When she was eight, he committed suicide. Read Less [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1972 15 Years Old \u2026 [PAR] Navratilova has a sister, Jana, and an older paternal half-brother. Navratilova's grandmother, Agnes Semanska, was a tennis player for the Czechoslovak Federation before the Second World War and had a ranking as high as no. 2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soo - Sooty Database Wiki - Wikia Soo | Sooty Database Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Sooty (2011) - Brenda Longman [PAR] History [PAR] Soo was first featured on The Sooty Show as the girlfriend of the main puppet character Sooty in 1964. [PAR] Soo is a calm and collected female panda who acts as the foil for both Sooty and Sweep. Soo usually wears a red skirt and bows on her head. In the 1990s series Sooty & Co. , Soo was voiced by Brenda Longman who had previously voiced her in it's predecessor. [PAR] In December 2007 Soo appeared on, and won, a puppet special of the Weakest Link hosted by Anne Robinson which was originally broadcast on Friday, 28th December 2007 at 18:00GMT on BBC1. She raised \u00a311,500 for her chosen charity, the World Wide Fund for Nature, after defeating Roland Rat thanks to sudden death. [PAR] On 30 September 2008, Brenda Longman, assisted by Soo, appeared on BBC One's Bargain Hunt, buying antiques at London's Portobello Road and then selling them at Bellmans Auction House in Sussex. [PAR] On 31 March 2010, Soo appeared in a music video with The Sugarbabes called \"Soogarbabes\". [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Her name is often misspelled as Sue. [PAR] In Boarding House , she calls herself Susie. However, it is unknown whether this is true or if she was just trying to be posh for the guests arriving at the bed and breakfast. [PAR] On Tuesday April 9th, 2013, Soo along with Sooty and Sweep appeared as the judging panel in one episode of \"The Matt Lucas Awards\" Season 2. [PAR] According to the Sooty & Co. episode Sooty's Magic Solutions , Soo suffers from Arachnophobia, the fear of spiders. [PAR] In 2009, Soo along with Sooty and Sweep appeared in Peter Kay's Animated All Star Band music video on \"Children in Need\". [PAR] Gallery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u2018Dark Knight Rises\u2019: Michael Caine on Alfred\u2019s final scene ... \u2018Dark Knight Rises\u2019: Michael Caine on Alfred\u2019s final scene | Hero Complex \u2013 movies, comics, pop culture \u2013 Los Angeles Times [PAR] \u2018Dark Knight Rises\u2019: Michael Caine on Alfred\u2019s final scene [PAR] Dec. 05, 2012 | 8:00 a.m. [PAR] Michael Caine as Alfred in \u201cThe Dark Knight Rises.\u201d (Warner Bros.) [PAR] Michael Caine distinctly remembers the morning Christopher Nolan turned up at his English country home with a screenplay for the two-time Oscar-winning actor to read. [PAR] \u201cMy instant thought was, I\u2019m going to be in one of these wonderful little dramas, murder thrillers. I\u2019d love that,\u201d Caine recalled during an interview late last week. [PAR] The screenplay, of course, wasn\u2019t for a film like Nolan\u2019s time-bending indie \u201cMemento\u201d or his crime drama \u201cInsomnia.\u201d It was for 2005\u2019s \u201cBatman Begins,\u201d which ultimately would include some of the same hallmarks as those moody, evocative thrillers \u2014 precision, tension, mystery \u2014 the signature qualities that would carry forward into \u201cThe Dark Knight\u201d and \u201cThe Dark Knight Rises,\u201d the last of which comes to DVD and Blu-ray this week. [PAR] \u201cI thought to myself, I\u2019m a bit old for Batman,\u201d Caine said. \u201cSo, I said, \u2018Who am I going to play?\u2019 He said, \u2018The butler.\u2019 I immediately thought I\u2019ll be spending the entire series saying, \u2018Dinner is served\u2019 and \u2018Would you like a coffee?\u2019 I thought, well, I\u2019ll read it and turn it down. [PAR] \u201cI said, \u2018OK, I\u2019ll call you tomorrow and let you know whether I want to do it or not,'\u201d he continued. \u201cAnd this is where I first found out Chris is the most secretive director you\u2019ve ever come across. It\u2019s like working for MI6.\u201d [PAR] Nolan asked Caine to read the script right away, and the actor obliged while his wife shared a cup of tea with their unexpected guest. And Caine soon discovered that in Nolan\u2019s universe, Alfred Pennyworth, the confidant of the DC Comics caped vigilante, was much more than hired help. [PAR] \u201cI thought it was wonderful,\u201d Caine said of the role. \u201cHe was the foster father of young Bruce Wayne whose parents got killed and started to bring him up. I thought this is a great director. He\u2019s never made a big-budget movie like this and [Warner Bros. has] given him a shot. I thought, I\u2019m going to go with him and I\u2019ll see how we get on.\u201d [PAR] The answer, it turned out, was quite well. These years later, Caine, who still more often refers to Alfred by his job rather than his first name, considers himself Nolan\u2019s \u201cbiggest fan,\u201d comparing the filmmaker to David Lean and praising his ability not just to direct but also to write screenplays and create complex, nuanced characters so often absent from big-budget studio fare. [PAR] Christopher Nolan on the set of \u201cThe Dark Knight Rises.\u201d (Ron Phillips / Warner Bros.) [PAR] Caine, of course, is hardly alone in that opinion. When \u201cThe Dark Knight Rises\u201d was released in July, critics hailed the final installment in the Gotham City triptych, which sees Christian Bale\u2019s Bruce Wayne compelled to don the cowl to battle a masked menace named Bane after years in seclusion. The mission puts him in conflict with Alfred, who fears that time has dulled Wayne\u2019s skills and that returning to the battlefield opposite such an uncompromising foe could end in his destruction. [PAR] \u201cWhat happened with Alfred was in the three films \u2014 \u2018Batman Begins,\u2019 \u2018The Dark Knight,\u2019 \u2018The Dark Knight Rises\u2019 \u2014 that could have made one whole film as a relationship,\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First presidential speech on TV - Oct 05, 1947 - HISTORY.com First presidential speech on TV - Oct 05, 1947 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 10/05/1947 - Truman Makes TV Address [PAR] In this This Day in History video clip learn about different events that have occurred on October 5th. Some of the events include Chief Joseph surrenders and the Beatles releasing their first single, Love Me Do. Also, Barry Bonds hits the most home runs in a single season and President Truman makes the first television address. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] First presidential speech on TV [PAR] Share this: [PAR] First presidential speech on TV [PAR] Author [PAR] First presidential speech on TV [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1947, President Harry Truman (1884-1972) makes the first-ever televised presidential address from the White House, asking Americans to cut back on their use of grain in order to help starving Europeans. At the time of Truman\u2019s food-conservation speech, Europe was still recovering from World War II and suffering from famine. Truman, the 33rd commander in chief, worried that if the U.S. didn\u2019t provide food aid, his administration\u2019s Marshall Plan for European economic recovery would fall apart. He asked farmers and distillers to reduce grain use and requested that the public voluntarily forgo meat on Tuesdays, eggs and poultry on Thursdays and save a slice of bread each day. The food program was short-lived, as ultimately the Marshall Plan succeeded in helping to spur economic revitalization and growth in Europe. In 1947,television was still in its infancy and the number of TV sets in U.S. homes only numbered in the thousands (by the early 1950s, millions of Americans owned TVs); most people listened to the radio for news and entertainment. However, although the majority of Americans missed Truman\u2019s TV debut, his speech signaled the start of a powerful and complex relationship between the White House and a medium that would have an enormous impact on the American presidency, from how candidates campaigned for the office to how presidents communicated with their constituents. Each of Truman\u2019s subsequent White House speeches, including his 1949 inauguration address, was televised. In 1948, Truman was the first presidential candidate to broadcast a paid political ad. Truman pioneered the White House telecast, but it was President Franklin Roosevelt who was the first president to appear on TV\u2013from the World\u2019s Fair in New York City on April 30, 1939. FDR\u2019s speech had an extremely limited TV audience, though, airing only on receivers at the fairgrounds and at Radio City in Manhattan. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Presidential Firsts - American Presidents Firsts and Facts Presidential Firsts - American Presidents Firsts and Facts [PAR] POTUS Portraits [PAR] Presidential Firsts [PAR] Presidential Firsts. From the first American President George Washington to the current and first African American President in United States History, Barack Obama. [PAR] PRESIDENT & More Facts [PAR] George Washington [PAR] First American President of the United States [PAR] First future President to become a prisoner of war. Washington was Captured in the French and Indian War [PAR] First President to Marry a widow [PAR] Was the only President to not live in Washington D.C. [PAR] First President to be depicted upon a United States postage stamp [PAR] First President to Veto a Bill [PAR] First President whose son also became the President of the United States [PAR] First President to be inaugurated by a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court [PAR] First President to reach the age of 90 [PAR] First President to be a widower upon inauguration"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CASTLE HOWARD - 1001059 | Historic England CASTLE HOWARD - 1001059| Historic England [PAR] CASTLE HOWARD [PAR] List Entry Summary [PAR] This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by English Heritage for its special historic interest. [PAR] Name: CASTLE HOWARD [PAR] The garden or other land may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. [PAR] County: North Yorkshire [PAR] National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Grade: I [PAR] Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Legacy System Information [PAR] The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. [PAR] Legacy System: Parks and Gardens [PAR] UID: 2061 [PAR] Asset Groupings [PAR] This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. [PAR] List entry Description [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] Reasons for Designation [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] History [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] Details [PAR] Gardens, pleasure grounds and park with a mixture of geometric and less formal features developed c 1698-1738 by Charles Howard, third Earl of Carlisle and Sir John Vanbrugh (1664-1726 ) possibly with some advice from Stephen Switzer (1682-1745). The monumental scale and conception of the landscape with structures designed by Vanbrugh and Hawksmoor make Castle Howard an outstanding example of what Christopher Hussey has described as the Heroic Age of English landscape architecture, and the adoption of an informal design, possibly by Switzer, for Ray Wood has been seen as decisively important for the development of the `natural' style in England. [PAR] NOTE This entry is a summary. Because of the complexity of this site, the standard Register entry format would convey neither an adequate description nor a satisfactory account of the development of the landscape. The user is advised to consult the references given below for more detailed accounts. Many Listed Buildings exist within the site, not all of which have been here referred to. Descriptions of these are to be found in the List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest produced by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport. [PAR] HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT [PAR] The estate was acquired by the Howard family in 1571 when it was the site of Henderskelfe Castle and village. Henderskelfe was described by John Leland in 1540 who estimated that the park was `4 miles yn cumpace, and hath much fair young wood yn it\u00bf (quoted in Antiqs J 1979). Charles Howard, third Earl of Carlisle rejected a scheme of c 1698 by George London (d 1714) with canals, avenues and circular lawns. Vanbrugh was consulted and visited the site in 1699, continuing to work on it until his death in 1726. Works to Vanbrugh's designs continued after his death, probably supervised by his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor (1661-1736) who was responsible for the design of some of the park structures. [PAR] Later C18 works included the creation of the Great Lake on the north side of the Castle. In 1850 the south parterre was remodelled by W A Nesfield (1793-1881) and the Atlas Fountain (Nesfield with figures by J Thomas, listed grade I) was installed. Nesfield also undertook works to the South Lake and designed a cascade (listed grade II) at its east end. Nesfield's parterre proved"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kippah (Yarmulke) - Jewish Religious Garment Kippah (Yarmulke) - Jewish Religious Garment [PAR] By Ariela Pelaia [PAR] Updated July 27, 2016. [PAR] Kippah (pronounced kee-pah) is the Hebrew word for the skullcap traditionally worn by Jewish men. It is also called a yarmulke or koppel in Yiddish. Kippot (plural of kippah) are worn at the apex of a person's head. After the Star of David , they are probably one of the most recognizable symbols of Jewish identity. [PAR] Who Wears Kippot and When? [PAR] Traditionally only Jewish men wore kippot. However, in modern times some women also choose to wear kippot as an expression of their Jewish identity or as a form of religious expression. [PAR] When a kippah is worn varies from person to person. In Orthodox circles Jewish men usually wear kippot all the time, whether they are attending a religious service or going about their daily lives outside of the synagogue. In Conservative communities men almost always wear kippot during religious services or during formal occasions, such as during a High Holiday dinner or when attending a Bar Mitzvah . In Reform circles, it is equally common for men to wear kippot as it is for them not to wear kippot. [PAR] Ultimately the decision about whether or not to wear a kippah comes down to personal choice and the customs of the community an individual belongs to. Religiously speaking, wearing kippot is not obligatory and there are many Jewish men who do not wear them at all. [PAR] What Does a Kippah Look Like? [PAR] Originally all kippot looked the same. They were small, black skullcaps worn at the apex of a man's head. However, nowadays kippot come in all sorts of colors and sizes. Visit your local Judaica shop or a market in Jerusalem and you will see everything from knitted kippot in all the colors of the rainbow to kippot sporting baseball team logos. Some kippot will be small skullcaps, others will cover the entire head, and yet others will resemble caps. When women wear kippot sometimes they select ones made of lace or that are adorned with feminine decorations. Both men and women usually attach kippot to their hair with bobby pins. [PAR] Among those who wear kippot, it is not uncommon to have a collection of different styles, colors and sizes. This variety allows the wearer to select whichever kippah suits their mood or their reason for wearing it. For instance, a black kippah might be worn to a funeral, while a colorful kippah might be worn to a holiday gathering. When a Jewish boy has a Bar Mitzvah or a Jewish girl has a Bat Mitzvah , oftentimes special kippot will be made for the occasion. [PAR] Why Do Jews Wear Kippot? [PAR] Wearing a kippah is not a religious commandment. Rather it is a Jewish custom that over time has come to be associated with Jewish identity and showing respect for God. In Orthodox and Conservative circles covering one\u2019s head is seen as a sign of yirat Shamayim, which means \"reverence for God\" in Hebrew . This concept comes from the Talmud, where wearing a head covering is associated with showing respect for God and for men of higher social status. Some scholars also cite the Middle Age custom of covering one's head in the presence of royalty. Since God is the \"King of Kings\" it made sense to also cover one's head during prayer or religious services, when one hopes to approach the Divine through worship. [PAR] According to author Alfred Koltach, the earliest reference to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Wales - Learn Welsh the Big Welsh Challenge - Days Of ... BBC Wales - Learn Welsh the Big Welsh Challenge - Days Of The Week [PAR] Helpful Notes [PAR] Days Of The Week [PAR] The days of the week are essential as they crop up all the time. Just remember to say 'Dydd' in front of each one. Also, it sometimes help to think of something in English to latch on to if you can't remember words. [PAR] Sunday - Dydd Sul. [PAR] Think of the sun or Solar. [PAR] Monday - Dydd Llun. [PAR] Think of the moon or lunar. [PAR] Tuesday - Dydd Mawrth. [PAR] Think of the planet Mars. [PAR] Wednesday - Dydd Mercher. [PAR] Think of the planet Mercury. [PAR] Thursday - Dydd Iau. [PAR] This is linked to Jove or Jupiter, but think of touching something hot and the exclamation 'Iai!' for Thursday. [PAR] Friday - Dydd Gwener. [PAR] Again this is linked to Venus. Think of a beautiful woman called Gwen. [PAR] Saturday - Dydd Sadwrn."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quezal - definition of Quezal by The Free Dictionary Quezal - definition of Quezal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Quezal - definition of Quezal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Quezal [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] quet\u00b7zal [PAR] (k\u0115t-s\u00e4l\u2032) [PAR] n. pl. quet\u00b7zals or quet\u00b7za\u00b7les (-s\u00e4\u2032l\u0101s) [PAR] 1. Any of several tropical American birds of the genera Pharomachrus and Euptilotis having brilliant bronze-green and red plumage and, in the male, long flowing tail feathers, especially P. mocinno of Central America. [PAR] 2. See Table at currency . [PAR] [American Spanish, from Nahuatl quetzalli, large brilliant tail feather.] [PAR] quetzal [PAR] quezal [PAR] n, pl -zals or -zales (-\u02c8s\u0251\u02d0l\u025bs) [PAR] 1. (Animals) Also called: resplendent trogon a crested bird, Pharomachrus mocinno, of Central and N South America, which has a brilliant green, red, and white plumage and, in the male, long tail feathers: family Trogonidae, order Trogoniformes (trogons) [PAR] 2. (Currencies) the standard monetary unit of Guatemala, divided into 100 centavos [PAR] [via American Spanish from Nahuatl quetzalli brightly coloured tail feather] [PAR] quet\u2022zal [PAR] (k\u025b-) [PAR] n., pl. -zals, -za\u2022les (-\u02c8s\u0251 le\u026as) [PAR] 1. any of several large New World trogons of the genus Pharomachrus, esp. P. mocinno, of S Mexico and Central America, with golden-green and scarlet plumage and, in the male, greatly elongated tail coverts. [PAR] 2. the basic monetary unit of Guatemala. [PAR] [1820\u201330; < American Spanish < Nahuatl quetzalli plumage of the quetzal] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] quetzal - the basic unit of money in Guatemala; equal to 100 centavos [PAR] centavo - a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal [PAR] Guatemalan monetary unit - monetary unit in Guatemala [PAR] 2."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of East Siberian Sea, East Siberian Sea Location ... Map of East Siberian Sea, East Siberian Sea Location Facts, Major Bodies of Water, Russia - World Atlas [PAR] Map of East Siberian Sea, East Siberian Sea Location Facts, Major Bodies of Water, Russia [PAR] East Siberian Sea [PAR] The East Siberian Sea, an arm of the Arctic Ocean, is located off the coastline of Siberia in far northeastern Russia. [PAR] It is bordered by the Laptev Sea and the New Siberian Islands in the west, and by the Chukchi Sea and Russia's Wrangel Island in the east. [PAR] The northern border (shown) is a mapping opinion of Graphic Maps. [PAR] This shallow sea is frozen-solid for most of the year, and only navigable during the ice-free months of August and September."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Group Names - TheAlmightyGuru.com Animal Groups [PAR] A pride of lions, a murder of crows, a crash of rhinos, and every other collective noun for animals. This is a listing of every animal congregation I could find after scouring the web. If you see any missing, let me know."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tessa Sanderson Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at ... Tessa Sanderson Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Related Olympians: Wife of Densign White . [PAR] Medals: 1 Gold (1 Total) [PAR] Biography [PAR] A few months after Tessa Sanderson was born, her father went to England in search of work. When her mother joined him a year later, Tessa stayed in Jamaica where she was raised by her grandmother. In the spring of 1965, however, the nine-year-old Tessa was reunited with her parents, although her joy was tempered by the unattractive contrast between her tropical island home and the bleak industrial Midlands where Tessa's parents had settled. [PAR] After some promising performances in schools competition, Tessa Sanderson joined the Wolverhampton & Bilston AC where, in addition to her obvious potential as a javelin thrower, she showed great promise as a pentathlete. In 1975 she won the first of her eight British javelin titles and the following year she improved the UK record three times before finishing tenth at the Montr\u00e9al Olympic Games. In 1977, Tessa improved her personal best in the javelin by exactly 10 metres and moved into second place on the all-time list; she then confirmed her position in 1978 by taking the Commonwealth title and finishing second at the European Championships. Her ambitions received a severe setback when she failed to qualify for the final at the 1980 Moscow Olympics, but four years later she took the gold medal in Los Angeles to become the first British woman to win a throwing event at the Olympics. [PAR] Although injury had prevented her from competing in the European and Commonwealth meets in 1982, she did win the Commonwealth title in 1986. But at the 1988 Olympics she was again handicapped by injury and did not qualify for the final. This was not to be her final Olympic appearance as she returned in 1992, where she narrowly missed a medal, and again at the age of 40 in Atlanta. As of 2011, she is the only British woman to compete at six Olympic Games. [PAR] After winning her third Commonwealth gold in 1990, she won her eighth WAAA javelin title and earned a place on the team for the European Championships. Surprisingly, this was the first time she had competed in the European Championships since winning a silver medal in 1978, but in Split in 1990 she finished back in 12th place. During her career, Tessa Sanderson set ten UK javelin records, of which five were also Commonwealth bests, and in 1981 she twice posted new UK and Commonwealth records for the heptathlon. [PAR] After her retirement from competition she founded the Tessa Sanderson Foundation and Academy, a charity which attempts to educate youngsters through sport, and also served as a vice-chair of Sport England. She is also a member of the board of the Olympic Park Legacy Company. [PAR] Personal Bests: JTold \u2013 73.58 (241-4\u00bd) (1983); Hep \u2013 6125 (1981). [PAR] Results"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, 102nd Archbishop of ... Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, 102nd Archbishop of Canterbury [PAR] Holding an event at Lambeth Palace [PAR] Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, 102nd Archbishop of Canterbury [PAR] 'One of his three tanks was knocked out by an anti-tank gun and set on fire. Runcie discovered that one of his men was trapped in the tank and went across open ground under enemy fire in order to pull out this remaining man who was unconscious. He succeeded in getting him out.' Citation for Gallantry for the Military Cross: March 1945 [PAR] The 102nd Archbishop of Canterbury was born in 1921 in Crosby, Liverpool, the son of Robert Dalziel Runcie, a Scottish electrical engineer, and his wife Ann. [PAR] Educated at Coronation Road council school in Liverpool, he won a scholarship to Oxford University and attended Brasenose College for a year before WWII intervened. He served with the Scots Guards, fighting across northern France and into Germany, being amongst the first British soldiers into the concentration camp at Belsen. [PAR] In March 1945 he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery, rescuing, under fire, a wounded comrade from a burning tank and also for bravery whilst engaging the enemy. [PAR] After the war he continued his studies, gaining a first in Greats at Oxford and then training for the ministry at Westcott House in Cambridge. He was ordained deacon in 1950, priest a year later and served two years as a curate in Gosforth, Tyneside, before returning to Westcott as chaplain. He was subsequently appointed Vice-Principal and in 1956 became Dean of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, eventually being appointed Principal of Cuddesdon Theological College in Oxford in 1960. [PAR] He became Bishop of St Albans in 1970 and ten years later was transferred to the See of Canterbury, the first Archbishop of Canterbury to result from the new Crown Appointments process which had been announced by Prime Minister Jim Callaghan in 1976. this was the first outworking of a process in which the views of the church were substantively taken into account. Runcie was a reluctant Archbishop, reportedly taking six weeks to give his answer to the offer. [PAR] Runcie became the first Archbishop of Canterbury to host a visiting Pope. He had met John Paul II in Accra, when both were visiting Africa and when, in 1982 the Pope visited England, the photograph of the two leaders kneeling in prayer at the tomb of St Thomas a Becket sent shockwaves around the Protestant world. Shockwaves also went through the British establishment when, at the service to mark the conclusion of the war in the Falklands, he remembered the Argentinian war dead, much to the reported fury of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. [PAR] The international profile of the Church was also brought to the fore when the Archbishops' Envoy, Terry Waite, was kidnapped in 1987 during the last of a series of visits to the Lebanon, where he had played a role in the negotiations over the release of hostages. Waite's release did not come until 1991, well after Runcie's retirement. [PAR] During Runcie's time, the General Synod of the church, only ten years old as he took up his appointment, began to flex its ecclesial and political muscles; debates focussed in on controversial issues including biblical morality and the state of the nation. [PAR] In 1985 the Church published Faith in the City, the highly controversial report of a commission appointed by Runcie to look into urban life. The stark conclusions, charting decline and deprivation in the inner cities, proved almost too much for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enetophobia at The Medical Dictionary Enetophobia at The Medical Dictionary [PAR] Medicines [PAR] The condition was officially recognized in 1994 in the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition) as a specific phobia of blood/injection/injury type. Phobic level responses to injections cause sufferers to avoid inoculations, blood tests and in the more severe cases, all medical care. [PAR] It is estimated that at least ten percent of American adults are trypanophobic, and it is likely that the actual number is larger, as the most severe cases are never documented due to the tendency of the sufferer to simply avoid all medical treatment. [PAR] Types of Trypanophobia [PAR] Although trypanophobia is defined simply as an extreme fear of medically related shots/injections, it appears in several varieties. [PAR] Vaso-Vagal Trypanophobia [PAR] Although most specific phobias stem from the individual themselves, the most common type of trypanophobia, affecting fifty percent of trypanophobes, is an inherited reflex. Approximately 80 % of trypanophobes report that a relative within the first degree exhibits the same disorder. People who suffer from vaso-vagal trypanophobia fear the sight, thought or feeling of needles or needle-like objects. The primary symptom of vaso-vagal trypanophobia is vaso-vagal syncope, or fainting due to loss of blood pressure. The physiological changes associated with this type of trypanophobia also include feeling faint, sweating, nausea, pallor, tinnitus, panic attacks and initially high blood pressure and heart rate followed by a plunge in both at the moment of injection. In this case, the patient is more likely to react passively as opposed to aggressively. Although most phobias are dangerous to some degree, trypanophobia is one of the few that actually kills. In cases of severe trypanophobia, the drop in blood pressure caused by the vaso-vagal shock reflex causes death. The best treatment strategy for this type of trypanophobia is desensitization or the progressive exposure of the patient to gradually more frightening stimuli, allowing them to become desensitized to the stimulus that triggers the phobic response. [PAR] Associative Trypanophobia [PAR] Associative Trypanophobia is the second most common type of trypanophobia, affecting thirty percent of needle phobes. This type of trypanophobia is the classic specific phobia in which a traumatic event such as an extremely painful medical procedure or witnessing a family member or friend undergo such, causes the patient to associate all procedures involving needles with the original negative experience. This form of trypanophobia causes symptoms that are primarily psychological in nature, such as extreme unexplained anxiety, insomnia, preoccupation with the coming procedure and panic attacks. Treatments that are effective for this form of trypanophobia include cognitive therapy, hypnosis, and/or the administration of anti-anxiety medications.[DOC] [TLE] Symptoms of Belonephobia - RightDiagnosis.com Symptoms of Belonephobia - RightDiagnosis.com [PAR] Symptoms of Belonephobia [PAR] Medical articles [PAR] Symptoms of Belonephobia [PAR] The list of signs and symptoms mentioned in various sources for Belonephobia includes the 9 symptoms listed below: [PAR] Irrational fear of pins and needles [PAR] Diseases that may be commonly undiagnosed in related medical areas: [PAR] Brain & Neurological Disorders: Undiagnosed: [PAR] Home medical tests related to Belonephobia : [PAR] Child Behavior: Home Testing [PAR] More about symptoms of Belonephobia: [PAR] More information about symptoms of Belonephobia and related conditions: [PAR] Tests to determine if these are the symptoms of Belonephobia [PAR] Other Possible Causes of these Symptoms [PAR] Click on any of the symptoms below to see a full list of other causes including diseases, medical conditions, toxins, drug interactions, or drug side effect causes of that symptom. [PAR] Trembling - see all causes of Shivering [PAR] Medical articles and books on symptoms: [PAR] These general"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The kagu or cagou (Rhynochetos jubatus) is a crested, long ... The kagu or cagou (Rhynochetos jubatus) is a crested, long-legged, and\u2026 [PAR] Shared publicly - 2016-06-15 [PAR] [PAR] The kagu or cagou (Rhynochetos jubatus) is a crested, long-legged, and bluish-grey bird endemic to the dense mountain forests of New Caledonia. It is the only surviving member of the genus Rhynochetos and the family Rhynochetidae, although a second species has been described from the fossil record. Measuring 55 cm (22 in) in length, it has pale grey plumage and bright red legs. Its 'nasal corns' are a unique feature not shared with any other bird. Almost flightless, it spends its time on or near the ground, where it hunts its invertebrate prey, and builds a nest of sticks on the forest floor. Both parents share incubation of a single egg, as well as rearing the chick. It has proven vulnerable to introduced predators, and is threatened with extinction.[DOC] [TLE] Kagu : Information and Community for the Kagu and its owner Kagu : Information and Community for the Kagu and its owner [PAR] Kagu [PAR] kagu [PAR] It is almost flightless, and builds a ground nest of sticks, laying a single egg. It has proved vulnerable to introduced rats and cats, and is threatened with extinction. The remote habitat and rarity of this species mean that little is known of its habits. [PAR] The Kagu (French: Cagou), Rhynochetos jubatus is a long-legged blue-greyish bird endemic to the dense mountain forests of New Caledonia. It is the only surviving member of the family Rhynochetidae, although a second, larger species of the genus Rhynochetos, the Lowland Kagu Rhynochetos orarius, has been described from Holocene subfossil remains. [PAR] pets"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 13th Wedding Anniversary - Lace and Lingerie 13th Wedding Anniversary - Lace and Lingerie [PAR] [PAR] 13th Wedding Anniversary [PAR] Lace is the traditional AND modern material so definitely a gift with lace in it, or with a lace them, is right on target. [PAR] Great ideas for lace would be clothing, accessories like scarves, or a floral arrangement with Queen Anne's lace. Filigree lace jewelry would be a perfect match for the 13th anniversary! [PAR] Lingerie can be a really fun and spicy gift for your wife, but do keep in mind that some women have mixed feelings about lingerie. Many love it, and some are ambivalent. A few might even dislike it. It would be impossible for us to tell you which category your wife fits into so our advice is, if you are unsure, test the water by getting her some fabulous lingerie as a second gift rather than the primary gift. If she loves it and wears it often, then you will know for future reference! [PAR] For the couple, gifts might be decorative tablecloths, curtains, or other lacey home decor. [PAR] For jewelry, either go with a lace design in any material or choose a piece with the alternate 13th anniversary modern materials of citrine, moonstone, or hawk's eye. Another option is blue lace agate or crazy lace agate which aren't traditional to the 13th anniversary but are certainly on theme with the lace name. Ultimately it's up to you and what piece you think your wife will most enjoy wearing. [PAR] Fur is another alternate modern material, but please, only choose faux fur! Don't support what is quite often an unregulated, illegal poaching industry in foreign countries. Please only buy products that celebrate the beauty of Earth's creatures...alive! [PAR] For gifts to give your husband, skip the lace. But you probably already figured that one out! :-) Move right on over to the alternate material textiles and get him a useful top he will love wearing, or another fabric gift with the logo of his favorite sports team, a trendy or funny t-shirt if that's his style, or other sports clothing that relate to one of his hobbies.[DOC] [TLE] wedding anniversary website - Anniversary Ideas For Every Year Wedding Anniversary Meanings - The Lore and Wisdom Behind the Symbols [PAR] Wedding Anniversary Meanings [PAR] [Below you will find the wedding anniversary meanings for the gifts traditionally associated with each year of marriage.] [PAR] No one knows precisely when wedding anniversaries were first celebrated. But the tradition is believed to go back at least to the Middle Ages. At that time in the Germanic regions of Europe, a husband crowned his wife with a silver wreath on the 25th anniversary of their wedding day. If the couple was fortunate to live long enough, the husband presented his wife a gold wreath on their 50th wedding anniversary. [PAR] By the beginning of the 20th century, an additional 6 anniversaries were celebrated - the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 75th year for a total of 8. [PAR] In 1922 Emily Post published Etiquette in which she identified symbolic gifts associated with each of these 8 milestone anniversaries: paper, wood, tin, crystal, china, silver, gold, and diamond. [PAR] [PAR] 15 years later, the Jewelers of America expanded her list to include materials for every one of the first 20 years of marriage and every 5 years thereafter. Thus was born the traditional list of gifts and wedding anniversary meanings we have today. [PAR] But why were the various materials chosen as gifts to symbolize specific"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Edward VI BBC - History - Edward VI [PAR] z [PAR] Edward VI \u00a9 Edward was king of England for only a few years, and died at 15, but his short reign saw the full-scale introduction of Protestantism. [PAR] Edward was born on 12 October 1537 at Hampton Court Palace, the only legitimate son of Henry VIII. Henry's desperation for a son had led him to divorce two wives, but Edward's mother, Henry's third wife Jane Seymour, died a few days after his birth. Edward was given a rigorous education and was intellectually precocious, although his health was never strong. [PAR] Edward became king at the age of nine, when his father died in January 1547. His father had arranged that a council of regency should rule on his behalf, but Edward's uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, took power and established himself as protector. Somerset and the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, were intent on making England a truly Protestant state, supported by the young king. An English Prayer Book was issued in 1549 with an Act of Uniformity to enforce it. [PAR] In the summer of 1549, peasants in the West Country revolted in protest against the Prayer Book. Kett's Rebellion in Norfolk was focused on economic and social injustices. At the same time, the French declared war on England. The Norfolk rebellion was suppressed by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick. In the atmosphere of uncertainty, Dudley exploited his success by bringing about the downfall of Somerset, who was arrested and later executed. Although Dudley, later duke of Northumberland, never took the title of protector, this is the role he now assumed. Protestant reform was stepped up - the new Prayer Book of 1552 was avowedly Protestant. Altars were turned into tables, religious imagery destroyed and religious orthodoxy was enforced by a new and more stringent Act of Uniformity. [PAR] It soon became clear that Edward was suffering from tuberculosis and would not live long. Northumberland was determined that his religious reforms should not be undone, so he persuaded Edward to approve a new order of succession. This declared Mary illegitimate and passed the throne to Northumberland's daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, who was a more distant descendant of Henry VIII. Edward died on 6 July 1553. However, Jane was only queen for a few days until, with overwhelming popular support, Mary took the throne."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Time Line - what-when-how Time Line [PAR] In Depth Tutorials and Information [PAR] Time Line [PAR] 1000 b.c.e.: The Chinese invent kites which carried men to scout troops. [PAR] 1162: Ismail Cevheri, in Constantinople, Turkey, tries to fly using pleated fabric wings. He plummets from the top of a tower and dies. [PAR] 1250\u2032s: The first suggestion of flight by lighter-than-air devices is made by the English philosopher and theologian Roger Bacon. 1300\u2032s: Marco Polo witnesses kites carrying humans in China. [PAR] 1490\u2032s-1510\u2032s: Leonardo da Vinci, the famed Italian painter, sculptor, and thinker, sketches out several designs for flying machines, including ornithopters, helicopters, and parachutes. [PAR] 1536: Frenchman Denis Bolor dies trying to fly using wings flapped by a spring mechanism. [PAR] 1640\u2032s: In what is believed by some to be the first successful attempt at gliding flight, the Turkish scientist Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi attempted a flight inspired by Ismail Cevheri and Leonardo da Vinci. Celebi constructed a wing out of rush-work and leaped from the Galata tower in Istanbul into a strong headwind. He was witnessed by the Ottoman Sultan Murat IV and a crowd of citizens below to fly 1 mile across the Bosporus strait, but was later exiled and died at an early age. The incident is not given much historical credence today, but remains as the first eyewitness account of a successful manned flight. [PAR] 1678: A French locksmith named Besnier tries to fly with wings modeled after the webbed feet of a duck. [PAR] 1709: Father Bartolomeu de Gusmao demonstrates a model hot air balloon to King John V of Portugal. [PAR] 1783: On June 4, the Montgolfier brothers launch the first successful tethered flight, a balloon propelled by burning a pile of moist wool and old shoes. Three months later, on September 19, their second trial, before King Louis XVI, carries passengers: a rooster, a duck, and a sheep. On November 21, the Montgolfiers construct a hot-air balloon that rises 84 feet into the air, containing human fliers, Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier and the Marquis Francois-Laurent d\u2019Arlandes. [PAR] 1783: On December 1, Jacques-Alexandre-Cesar Charles makes the first solo flight in a hot-air balloon, flying from Paris to Nesle, France. [PAR] 1784: The French design a model helicopter. [PAR] 1785: On June 15, De Rozier and a companion become hot-air ballooning\u2019s first fatalities, after falling to their [PAR] deaths when their hybrid hot-air-and-hydrogen balloon ignites over the English Channel. [PAR] 1785: The first successful crossing of the English Channel by air is made by the French balloonist Jean-Pierre [PAR] Blanchard and American John Jeffries, using a hydrogen balloon. The flight lasts almost 3 hours. [PAR] 1793: French armies use tethered balloons to see several miles beyond enemy lines during the French Revolution. [PAR] 1795: Jean-Pierre Blanchard makes the first balloon flight in America, traveling from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Gloucester County, New Jersey. President George Washington is one of the dignitaries on hand watching the launch of the hydrogen-filled balloon. It was Blanchard\u2019s forty-fifth flight, and he charged up to five dollars per person to allow people to observe his takeoff in what is today Independence Square. [PAR] 1797: Andre Jacques Garnerin completes the first parachute jump, leaping from a balloon approximately 2,000 [PAR] feet in the air. [PAR] 1799: Sir George Cayley develops the concept of the fixed-wing aircraft configuration that is still used to this [PAR] day. [PAR] 1804: Cayley builds and flies the first fixed-wing glider model. [PAR] 1809: Marie Madeleine Sophie Blanchard, wife of balloonist Jean-Pierre Blanchard, becomes the first female to die during flight when her hydrogen balloon catches"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Do the Olympic Rings Mean? | Mental Floss What Do the Olympic Rings Mean? | Mental Floss [PAR] What Do the Olympic Rings Mean? [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] In 1894, Pierre de Fr\u00e9dy, Baron de Coubertin\u2014a French aristocrat and intellectual who had previously attempted to incorporate more physical education in schools\u2014convened a congress in Paris with the goal of reviving the ancient Olympic Games (an idea Coubertin first introduced at a USFSA meeting in 1889). The congress agreed on proposals for a modern Olympics, and the International Olympic Committee was soon formalized and given the task of planning the 1896 Athens Games. [PAR] After the 1912 Stockholm Games\u2014the first Games featuring athletes from all five inhabited parts of the world\u2014a design of five interlocked rings, drawn and colored by hand, appeared at the top of a letter Coubertin sent to a colleague. Coubertin used his ring design as the emblem of the IOC's 20th anniversary celebration in 1914. A year later, it became the official Olympic symbol. [PAR] The rings were to be used on flags and signage at the 1916 Games, but those games were canceled because of the ongoing World War. The rings made a belated debut at the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium. [PAR] Coubertin explained his design in 1931: [PAR] \"A white background, with five interlaced rings in the centre: blue, yellow, black, green and red ... is symbolic; it represents the five inhabited continents of the world, united by Olympism, while the six colors are those that appear on all the national flags of the world at the present time.\" [PAR] Coubertin used a loose interpretation of \"continent\"\u009d that included Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. He never said nor wrote that any specific ring represents a specific continent. [PAR] Because the rings were originally designed as a logo for the IOC's 20th anniversary and only later became a symbol of the Olympics, it's also probable, according to historian David Young, that Coubertin originally thought of the rings as symbols of the five Games already successfully staged. [PAR] ANCIENT RINGS? [PAR] Popular myth (and an academic article) has it that the rings were inspired by a similar, ancient design found on a stone at Delphi, Greece. This \"ancient\"\u009d design, however, is really just a modern prop. [PAR] For the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin, Carl Diem, president of the organizing committee, wanted to relay the Olympic Flame from its lighting point in Olympia to the Olympic stadium in Berlin. Diem, it seems, had a flair for theatrics, and included in the relay a stop at Delphi's ancient stadium for a faux-ancient Greek torchbearers' ceremony complete with a faux-ancient, 3-foot-tall stone altar with the modern ring design chiseled into its sides. [PAR] After the ceremony, the torch runners went on their way, but no one ever removed the stone from the stadium. Two decades later, British researchers visiting Delphi noticed the ring design on the stone. They concluded that the stone was an ancient altar, and thought the ring design had been used in ancient Greece and now formed \"a link between ancient and modern Olympics.\"\u009d [PAR] The real story behind the altar was later revealed, and \"Carl Diem's Stone\"\u009d was moved from the stadium and placed near the ticketed entrance to the historic site. [PAR] The inspiration for Coubertin's design seems to be a little more modern. Four years before he convened his Olympic congress, he had become president of the French sports-governing body, the Union des Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Fran\u00e7aises de Sports Athl\u00e9tiques (USFSA). The Union was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Chronicles of Narnia: The Magician's Nephew/The Lion ... The Chronicles of Narnia: The Magician's Nephew/The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe/The Horse and His Boy/Prince Caspian/Voyage of the Dawn Treader/The Silver Chair/The Last Battle: C. S. Lewis: 9780064405379: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] By Tom Croft on November 6, 2013 [PAR] Format: Kindle Edition Verified Purchase [PAR] I wanted to have all seven Chronicles-of-Narnia books in a single ebook, and that's exactly what this product delivers. [PAR] When I pre-ordered this item several months in advance, I was fortunate enough to find it on sale for $12--a real bargain. Upon its release, it was priced at $44.99, which I think is high for a digital box set like this. Fortunately, the price recently dropped to $24.99, which is a decent buy. By comparison, one can currently acquire the seven separate books at $5.98 each and spend just under $42 (not counting any sales tax that might apply). Of course, someone who really wants Boxen (not of interest to me) would still have to get that somewhere else. [PAR] Based on the publisher's description of this box set, I was afraid there wouldn't be any illustrations at all. I was pleased to discover that the publisher included one illustration at the beginning of each chapter in each book. The other in-line illustrations found throughout the text of the individual ebooks were omitted in this edition, which is aimed at older readers, according to the publisher. I was glad that at least some of the illustrations were included in this edition. However, since I would have preferred that this edition include all of the same illustrations as the seven separate ebooks, I have taken away one star. [PAR] If you are a Narnia fan and, like me, prefer to have collections of related books in a single ebook to reduce the clutter on your Kindle, I recommend this edition--so long as you don't mind that not all of the illustrations are included. If you're an older reader like me and just want a nice, convenient way to re-read the Chronicles of Narnia, this should meet that need quite nicely. Read more \u203a[DOC] [TLE] 9780064405379: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Magician's ... 9780064405379: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Magician's Nephew/The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe/The Horse and His Boy/Prince Caspian/Voyage of the Dawn Treader/The Silver Chair/The Last Battle - AbeBooks - Lewis, C. S.: 0064405370 [PAR] About this title [PAR] This paperback box set of C. S. Lewis's classic fantasy series The Chronicles of Narnia includes cover art by two time Caldecott Medal-winning illustrator Chris van Allsburg and the complete black-and-white original interior art by Pauline Baynes. [PAR] For over sixty years, readers of all ages have been enchanted by the magical realms, the epic battles between good and evil, and the unforgettable creatures of Narnia. [PAR] This box set includes all seven titles in The Chronicles of Narnia\u2014The Magician's Nephew; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe; The Horse and His Boy; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; and The Last Battle\u2014with interior black-and-white art by Pauline Baynes, the original illustrator. [PAR] \"synopsis\" may belong to another edition of this title. [PAR] Review: [PAR] Narnia is the land of enchantment, glory, nobility--home to the magnificent Aslan, cruel Jadis (the White Queen), heroic Reepicheep, and kind Mr. Tumnus. All the magic of C.S. Lewis's Narnia, bewitching readers for almost 50 years, is captured for the first time in this splendid deluxe edition, including The Magician's Nephew, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, The Horse and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Calcimine | Define Calcimine at Dictionary.com Calcimine | Define Calcimine at Dictionary.com [PAR] calcimine [PAR] [kal-suh-mahyn, -min] /\u02c8k\u00e6l s\u0259\u02ccma\u026an, -m\u026an/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] a white or tinted wash for walls, ceilings, etc. [PAR] verb (used with object), calcimined, calcimining. [PAR] 2. [PAR] to wash or cover with calcimine. [PAR] Origin of calcimine [PAR] Examples from the Web for calcimine [PAR] Expand [PAR] Science in the Kitchen. Mrs. E. E. Kellogg [PAR] If he was tight-fisted wanst, he was as close now as calcimine on a rough-finished wall. [PAR] Educational Toys Louis C. Petersen [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for calcimine [PAR] Expand [PAR] a white or pale tinted wash for walls [PAR] verb [PAR] (transitive) to cover with calcimine [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C19: changed from Kalsomine, a trademark [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012[DOC] [TLE] Painting over old calcimine paint | Fine Homebuilding ... Painting over old calcimine paint | Fine Homebuilding | Breaktime [PAR] Painting over old calcimine paint [PAR] Ted W. on Mon, 05/04/2009 - 13:09 [PAR] in [PAR] Construction Techniques [PAR] I'm lookin at a job that involves painting over old, turn of the century calcimine paint. As I'm sure many of you know, it's like chalk and everything peels off of it. I could use some suggestions how to deal with it. Any primer that actually works on that stuff? I understand even Kilz will peel from it eventually. [PAR] Thanks [PAR] Meet me at House & Builder ! [PAR] ~ Ted W ~ [PAR] by BarryE in reply to Ted W. [original] on Mon, 05/04/2009 - 13:50 [PAR] Has someone already tried to paint over it? [PAR] There are a coupla of ways to do it. The first is not to paint over it but remove as much as you can. The calcimine is chalk & glue, so this way involve scrapping the loose and washing as much off as you can. I would then use a bonding primer and acrylic topcoat [PAR] 2nd method is a Calcimine Recoater paint. I know that Benjamin Moore has one but have never tried it. Of course you still have to scrape [PAR] Either way I would try to wash off as much as possible, especially if someone else hasn't tried to paint it previously [PAR] Barry E-Remodeler [PAR] (post #108275, reply #2 of 21) [PAR] by Piffin in reply to Anonymous [original] on Mon, 05/04/2009 - 15:53 [PAR] when somebody has already tried and failed, the best solution is new drywall, IMO. [PAR] Vinegar is a good wash prep. Scrubbing the surface about three times, with rinse wipes between scrubbs. [PAR] SW has a primer prep for it too. [PAR] At least he knows what he is facing before he starts - that the powder has to be all gone before thinking of painting over it. [PAR] I have several BIL painters, including one good one. [PAR] ;) [PAR] He tells a story of a couple who got an estimate from him to paint their bedrooms upstairs. one look and he knew it was calcimime and explained all the necessary prep and that it was not cheap. They had him still work up a price, then they went with a xxxx cheap bid. [PAR] Almost exactly one year later, they called him to \"'discuss' their ceilings\" They started ragging on him about the bad job. It was already flaking and falling away. They had gotten confused, and made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Crouch, bind, set' - scrum laws change again | Stuff.co.nz 'Crouch, bind, set' - scrum laws change again | Stuff.co.nz [PAR] 'Crouch, bind, set' - scrum laws change again [PAR] AARON GOILE [PAR] The IRB will trial a new scrum engagement process from 2015. [PAR] Relevant offers [PAR] Rugby [PAR] Waratahs' Israel Folau wants to wear maroon in a rugby union Origin United States sevens captain Jillion Potter to battle rare form of cancer for second time Fiji men's sevens up for world breakthrough award despite coaching snub at home England rugby prop Joe Marler to miss Six Nations start with broken leg [PAR] The frustration of reset scrums is set to diminish, and there will be harsher policing of crooked feeds, with the International Rugby Board announcing a new engagement process to be trialled globally. [PAR] A new 'crouch, bind, set' sequence will be used by referees to set the scrum, designed to enhance player welfare by reducing impact on engagement by up to 25 per cent at elite level. [PAR] While the changes were set to be in place in both hemispheres' following seasons, the New Zealand Rugby Union will implement the new laws in this year's ITM Cup in order for players to come to grips with the tweaks ahead of the All Blacks' end of year tour to Europe. [PAR] It is also likely that they will feature in this year's Rugby Championship. [PAR] In a revision of the current ''crouch, touch, set'' engagement sequence currently being trialled, props will be expected to bind onto, instead of simply touching, their opponent, after the referee has called ''bind''. [PAR] The front rows will maintain the bind until the referee calls ''set'', when the packs engage. [PAR] Implementation of this trial follows extensive evaluation of the sequence during the recent IRB Pacific Rugby Cup, which indicated the possible delivery of a more stable platform leading to fewer resets and more successful scrums. [PAR] The process was overseen and recommended to the IRB Council by the specialist IRB Scrum Steering Group, which featured 12 scrum experts, including New Zealand guru Mike Cron, after a process of testing and analysis at all levels of the game by the University of Bath in conjunction with England's RFU. [PAR] IRB Chairman Bernard Lapasset acknowledged that the scrum was a ''fundamental and dynamic'' part of the game and said the trial was about putting players first by delivering a reduction of the forces on engagement at elite level, which could have significant positive effects on long-term player welfare. [PAR] ''The global implementation of this trial is a positive step, which will be subject to continual monitoring and evaluation,'' Lapasset said. [PAR] As a follow-on from this, there will be a bigger emphasis on the ball being fed straight into the scrum - a bugbear of many traditionalists - because the modifications should lead to stronger scrummagers who are technically more efficient at contesting. [PAR] South Africa introduced the new scrum sequence into their school and amateur rugby at the start of the year, foreseeing that it would be introduced to the professional game in due course. [PAR] A game-wide educational process featuring coach and match official workshops will be rolled out ahead of the trial. [PAR] Currently there are five prospective law changes being trialled, as well as the one extending the TMO's powers to rule on field of play incidents, and these will be considered by the IRB Council at its annual meeting next year. [PAR] The new scrum engagement trial will be before the Council at its interim meeting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lewis Carroll (Author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ... Lewis Carroll (Author of Alice in Wonderland) [PAR] Children's , Poetry , Fiction [PAR] Influences [PAR] edit data [PAR] The Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman and photographer. [PAR] His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass as well as the poems \"The Hunting of the Snark\" and \"Jabberwocky\", all considered to be within the genre of literary nonsense. [PAR] Oxford scholar, Church of England Deacon, University Lecturer in Mathematics and Logic, academic author of learned theses, gifted pioneer of portrait photography, colourful writer of imaginative genius and yet a shy and pedantic man, Lewis Carroll stands pre-eminent in the pantheon of inventive literary geniuses. [PAR] He also has works published under his re The Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman and photographer. [PAR] His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass as well as the poems \"The Hunting of the Snark\" and \"Jabberwocky\", all considered to be within the genre of literary nonsense. [PAR] Oxford scholar, Church of England Deacon, University Lecturer in Mathematics and Logic, academic author of learned theses, gifted pioneer of portrait photography, colourful writer of imaginative genius and yet a shy and pedantic man, Lewis Carroll stands pre-eminent in the pantheon of inventive literary geniuses. [PAR] He also has works published under his real name. [PAR] For more information, please see http://www.answers.com/topic/lewis-ca... ...more[DOC] [TLE] Lewis Carroll | Feedbooks Lewis Carroll | Feedbooks [PAR] Italian [PAR] Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (January 27, 1832 \u2013 January 14, 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman, and photographer. [PAR] His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass as well as the poems \"The Hunting of the Snark\" and \"Jabberwocky\", all considered to be within the\u2026 (more) [PAR] Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (January 27, 1832 \u2013 January 14, 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman, and photographer. [PAR] His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass as well as the poems \"The Hunting of the Snark\" and \"Jabberwocky\", all considered to be within the genre of literary nonsense. [PAR] His facility at word play, logic, and fantasy has delighted audiences ranging from children to the literary elite. But beyond this, his work has become embedded deeply in modern culture. He has directly influenced many artists. [PAR] There are societies dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life in many parts of the world including North America, Japan, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. [PAR] His biography has recently come under much question as a result of what some call the \"Carroll Myth.\" [PAR] Source: Wikipedia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vermicide - definition of vermicide by The Free Dictionary Vermicide - definition of vermicide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Vermicide - definition of vermicide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/vermicide [PAR] A substance or agent used to kill worms, especially parasitic worms. [PAR] ver\u2032mi\u00b7cid\u2032al (-s\u012bd\u2032l) adj. [PAR] vermicide [PAR] (Elements & Compounds) any substance used to kill worms [PAR] \u02ccvermi\u02c8cidal adj [PAR] a substance used to kill worms. [PAR] vermicide [PAR] 1. [PAR] vermicide - an agent that kills worms (especially those in the intestines) [PAR] medicament , medication , medicinal drug , medicine - (medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease [PAR] agent - a substance that exerts some force or effect [PAR] Translations [PAR] n \u2192 Wurmmittel nt, \u2192 Vermizid nt (spec) [PAR] ver\u00b7mi\u00b7cide [PAR] n. vermicida, verm\u00edfugo, agente destructor de vermes (gusanos). [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Nigella sativa treditional usages (Black seed) [PAR] Some indications are concerned with the expected effects while using the medicine as in cases used as purging, soothing and vermicide. [PAR] Medicinal plants used by Ponta Pora community, Mato Grosso do Sul State/Levantamento etnobotanico em Ponta Pora, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul [PAR] Plant name Part used Medical utilization Rubia cordifolia Root Anti-inflammatory activity (Manjistha) (Ext), skin diseases and ulcers Sphaeranthus Leaves Skin diseases, antihelminthic, indicus Branches aphrodisiac and stomachache (Gorkha Mundi) Aloe vera Leaves Burns (minor), mouth ulcers, (Aloe) diabetes, wound healing (topical), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis Azadirachra Leaves Skin disease, boils, indica (Neem) Bark antibacterial activity Curcuma longa Root Root Antiseptic, stomachache, (Haldi or blood purifier, vermicide, Turmeric) carminative and tonic Hemidesmus Root Skin disease and blood indicus purifier (Sarsaparilla or Anant mul) Table 2 Inhibitory effect of the aqueous plant extracts on production of IL-8 and TNF-[alpha] by human PBMCs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | Sitcom quiz BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | Sitcom quiz [PAR] Sitcom quiz [PAR] Sitcom quiz [PAR] Taking a shameless cue from that fine television institution, University Challenge, here is the Magazine's midweek quiz. Students on the BBC quiz were asked to identify characters from British sitcoms. Can you do any better? [PAR] 1.) Sitcom quiz [PAR] Where would you have found Miss Tibbs and Miss Gatsby? [PAR] Renting a room in Rising Damp [PAR] Staying at Fawlty Towers [PAR] Cats in Bless This House [PAR] 2.) Sitcom quiz [PAR] In Sorry! Timothy Lumsden was still tied to his mother's apron strings despite being in his 40s. He eventually found love, but what was his girlfriend's name? [PAR] Pippa [PAR] Where did Terry and June live? [PAR] Purley [PAR] Hampton Wick [PAR] 4.) Sitcom quiz [PAR] What was the surname of Bob (on the left) in the 1960s hit, The Likely Lads? [PAR] Scarborough [PAR] Ferris [PAR] 5.) Sitcom quiz [PAR] James Bolam also played long-term NHS hospital bed occupant Roy Figgis in Only When I Laugh. Who was the doctor he dreaded seeing? [PAR] Dr Michael Upton [PAR] In One Foot in the Grave, what had been Victor Meldrew's job before retirement? [PAR] Librarian [PAR] Security guard [PAR] 7.) Sitcom quiz [PAR] And on a similar note, what did Tom do in the Good Life before turning his back on the rat race? [PAR] Fridge fitter [PAR] Where do George and Anthea appear together? [PAR] Vicar of Dibley [PAR] Who was bus driver Stan Butler's lecherous sidekick in On The Buses? [PAR] Jack Harper [PAR] Many sitcoms feature an annoying neighbour, but which had the particularly irritating Jeffrey Fourmile? [PAR] Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps [PAR] George and Mildred [PAR] Keeping Up Appearances [PAR] Answers [PAR] It's staying at Fawlty Towers. The hard-of-hearing old ladies, played by Gilly Flower and Renee Robert, were permanent residents of the hotel and often the subject of Basil Fawlty's sarcasm. [PAR] It was Pippa. Timothy Lumsden, played by Ronnie Corbett, left home in the last episode to be with her. Muriel was his sister and Annette a former love interest. [PAR] They lived in Purley's Popular Avenue, on the outskirts of south London. Surbiton was where Tom and Barbara lived in The Good Life and Hampton Wick was George and Mildred's hometown. [PAR] It's Ferris. His full name, which was not revealed until Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads in the 1970s, was Robert Andrew Scarborough Ferris. Collier was the surname of his co-star Terry, played by James Bolam. [PAR] It's Dr Gordon Thorpe, who was played by Richard Wilson. Michael Upton was a junior doctor in the sitcom Doctor in the House and Geoffrey Loftus an ill-tempered surgeon. [PAR] He was a security guard. In the first episode, he lost the job and was replaced by an automated machine. [PAR] He was a draughtsman for a company that makes plastic toys for cereal packets, but he packed in his job on his 40th birthday for a self-sufficient life. [PAR] It's in Men Behaving Badly. George and Anthea work for Gary and drive him mad with their old-fashioned approach to life. [PAR] It was bus conductor Jack Harper. Arthur Rudge was his brother-in-law. [PAR] It's George and Mildred. Jeffrey is an estate agent who turns his nose up at George. [PAR] Your Score[DOC] [TLE] Gilly Flower - The TV IV Gilly Flower - The TV IV [PAR] Gilly Flower [PAR] August 26, 1908 in London, England, UK [PAR] Died"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angel of the North - The Free Dictionary The Angel of the North - definition of The Angel of the North by The Free Dictionary [PAR] The Angel of the North - definition of The Angel of the North by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/The+Angel+of+the+North [PAR] (redirected from The Angel of the North) [PAR] Also found in: Wikipedia . [PAR] Angel of the North [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Named Buildings) a steel sculpture of an angel with outstretched wings, created in 1998 by British sculptor Antony Gormley, which stands on a hilltop outside Gateshead, NE England. It stands 20 m (85 ft) high and has a wingspan of 54 m (175 ft) [PAR] 2. (Architecture) a steel sculpture of an angel with outstretched wings, created in 1998 by British sculptor Antony Gormley, which stands on a hilltop outside Gateshead, NE England. It stands 20 m (85 ft) high and has a wingspan of 54 m (175 ft)[DOC] [TLE] Acclaimed British sculptor Antony Gormley at the Royal ... Acclaimed British sculptor Antony Gormley at the Royal Ontario Museum on Wednesday! - Canadian Architect [PAR] Canadian Architect [PAR] The National Review of Design and Practice [PAR] The Official Magazine of the RAIC [PAR] Acclaimed British sculptor Antony Gormley at the Royal Ontario Museum on Wednesday! [PAR] November 19, 2013 [PAR] November 19, 2013 [PAR] by Canadian Architect [PAR] ROM Contemporary Culture presents the eighth annual Eva Holtby Lecture on November 20, 2013, moderated by art critic and journalist Sarah Milroy, former editor of Canadian Art magazine, and contributor for The Globe and Mail. In his lecture entitled \u201cArt as Survival\u201d, London-born sculptor Antony Gormley will explore the central theme of art and creativity in human life. Gormley is widely acclaimed for his sculptures, installations and public art works, including the Angel of the North \u2013 that investigate the relationship between the human body and space. The artist will look at his own work and historical objects in consideration of art as a tool for survival in a time of global climate change. [PAR] UK artist Antony Gormley was born in London in 1950. He has developed the potential opened up by sculpture since the 1960s through a critical engagement with both his own body and those of others in a way that confronts fundamental questions of where human being stands in relation to nature and the cosmos. Gormley continually strives to identify the space of art as a space of becoming; in which new behaviours, thoughts and feelings can arise. [PAR] Gormley has had a number of solo shows at venues including the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil; Deichtorhallen Hamburg; State Hermitage Museum St. Petersburg; Kunsthaus Bregenz; Hayward Gallery, London; Malm\u00f6 Konsthall; and Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Copenhagen. Major public works include Angel of the North (Gateshead, England), Another Place (Crosby Beach, England) and Exposure (Lelystad, The Netherlands). He has also participated in major group shows such as the Venice Biennale and Documenta 8 in Kassel Germany. Gormley won the Turner Prize in 1994 and was made an Officer of the British Empire in 1997. Since 2003 he has been a member of the Royal Academy of Arts and since 2007 a British Museum Trustee. [PAR] The Eva Holtby lecture presented by Antony Gormley at the ROM takes place in conjunction with Cape Farewell\u2019s Carbon 14: Climate is Culture Exhibition + Festival, a four-month program of satellite events, including music, performing arts, talks and special events. In 2005, Gormley accompanied Cape Farewell on its third arctic fieldwork expedition to Tempelfjorden, just north of the 79th parallel. [PAR] Tickets for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mickey Rooney: 9 Wives - Much-married celebs - Pictures ... Mickey Rooney: 9 Wives - Much-married celebs - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Next [PAR] Mickey Rooney: 9 Wives [PAR] Actor Mickey Rooney and his wife, Jan, arrive at the 81st Academy Awards at the Kodak Theater in Hollywood, Calif. on Feb. 22, 2009. Although Jan is the actor's ninth wife, the former child star has been married to her since 1978, longer than all his other marriages combined. [PAR] Rooney's first marriage was in 1942 to Hollywood actress Ava Gardner. It ended in divorce as did all his other marriages except the one to Barbara Ann Thompson, who was murdered in 1966. [PAR] Credit: VALERIE MACON/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Zsa Zsa Gabor: 9 Husbands [PAR] Ailing actress Zsa Zsa Gabor had eight husbands before she wed Prince Frederic von Anhalt in 1986, who has been at her bedside during her recent illnesses. [PAR] The Hungarian-born star took her first husband when she was 20 in 1937. Her ex-husbands included the late Conrad Hilton, great-grandfather of Paris Hilton and founder of the Hilton hotel chain. She had her only child, a daughter, with Hilton. Her first seven marriages ended in divorce; her marriage to her eighth husband, Mexican attorney Felipe de Alba, was annulled, reportedly because her previous marriage was not properly ended. [PAR] One of three famous sisters, Gabor apparently came from a marrying family. Her sister Eva took five trips down the aisle. [PAR] Credit: AP [PAR] Elizabeth Taylor: 7 Husbands [PAR] Academy Award-winning actress Elizabeth Taylor, who died in 2011, was married eight times but had only seven husbands. She was married twice (in 1964 and 1975) to fellow actor Richard Burton whom she met on the set of \"Cleopatra\" while both were married to others. [PAR] She took her first husband, Conrad Hilton Jr. (the hotel founder's son) when she was 18. She also was married to actor Michael Wilding, producer Mike Tiodd, singer Eddie Fisher, Sen. John Warner and construction worker Larry Fortensky. Todd was killed in a plane crash; the other marriages ended in divorce. [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/Christie's [PAR] Larry King: 7 Wives [PAR] Talk show host Larry King answers reporters' question at a press conference for Seoul Digital Forum in Seoul, South Korea, May 25, 2011. He has been married eight times to seven different women, His current wife, singer Shawn Southwick, filed for divorce in 2010 but later withdrew the suit when the two reconciled. [PAR] King was just 18 when he made his first trip down the aisle in 1951 with his high school sweetheart in a marriage that later was annulled. He was to repeat that journey seven more times with six other women. Former Playboy bunny Alene Akins was both his third and fifth wife. [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/Lee Jin-man [PAR] Lana Turner: 7 Husbands [PAR] Kirk Douglas and Lana Turner dance in a scene from Vincente Minnelli's 1953 film \"The Bad and the Beautiful.\" [PAR] The actress, who died in 1995 at age 75, was married and divorced eight times between 1940, when she took her first husband, bandleader Artie Shaw, and 1972, when she divorced seventh husband Ronald Pellar. Her marriage to second husband Stephen Crane was annulled after just a few months and was followed a month later by a second wedding to him. He was the father of her only child. [PAR] Credit: AP Photo [PAR] Jerry Lee Lewis: 7 Wives [PAR] Jerry Lee Lewis, a rock 'n' roll pioneer, has been married seven times, including once to a 13-year-old first cousin. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Before Salem, the First American Witch Hunt - History in ... Before Salem, the First American Witch Hunt - History in the Headlines [PAR] Before Salem, the First American Witch Hunt [PAR] October 31, 2012 By Christopher Klein [PAR] Share [PAR] Get the real story behind witches, their hats and why they are said to ride on brooms. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Before Salem, the First American Witch Hunt [PAR] Author [PAR] Before Salem, the First American Witch Hunt [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] Thirty years before the infamous Salem witch trials, America\u2019s first witch hunt hysteria swept through another colonial New England town. Find out about the accusations and trials that rattled Hartford, Connecticut, in 1662. [PAR] In late March 1662, John and Bethia Kelly grieved over the body of their 8-year-old daughter inside their Hartford, Connecticut, home. Little Elizabeth had been fine just days before when she returned home with a neighbor, Goodwife Ayres. The distraught parents, grasping at any explanation for their loss, saw the hand of the devil at work. [PAR] The parents were convinced that Elizabeth had been fatally possessed by Goody Ayres. The Kellys testified that their daughter first took ill the night after she returned home with her neighbor, and that she exclaimed, \u201cFather! Father! Help me, help me! Goodwife Ayres is upon me. She chokes me. She kneels on my belly. She will break my bowels. She pinches me. She will make me black and blue.\u201d [PAR] After Elizabeth\u2019s death, accusations of bewitchment flew, and fingers were pointed at numerous townspeople. Hysteria gripped Hartford, a town that a generation before had witnessed the first execution of a suspected witch in the American colonies. Alse (Alice) Young of Windsor, Connecticut, was sent to the gallows erected in Hartford\u2019s Meeting House Square, now the site of Connecticut\u2019s Old State House, on May 26, 1647. [PAR] Witchcraft was one of 12 capital crimes decreed by Connecticut\u2019s colonial government in 1642. The legal precedent cited by the devoutly Puritan colonists was of a divinely higher order: biblical passages such as Exodus 22:18 (\u201cThou shalt not suffer a witch to live\u201d) and Leviticus 20:27 (\u201cA man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death\u201d). [PAR] After Young\u2019s public hanging, at least five other Connecticut residents met a similar fate. However, it was in Hartford in 1662, 30 years before the infamous Salem witch trials, that a witch hunt hysteria took hold, resulting in seven trials and four executions. [PAR] Shortly after Elizabeth Kelly\u2019s death, the pious Ann Cole suddenly became \u201cafflicted,\u201d shaking violently and spouting blasphemy. According to one contemporary account, Cole was \u201ctaken with strange fits, wherein she (or rather the devil, as \u2018tis judged, making use of her lips) held a discourse for a considerable time.\u201d Cole blamed her bewitchment on neighbor Rebecca Greensmith, described by one townsperson as \u201ca lewd, ignorant, considerably aged woman,\u201d and others already suspected of witchcraft in the Kelly case. The accused began to accuse others, and even their spouses, of being the true witches. In what became a vicious circle, neighbors began testifying against neighbors. Goody Ayres\u2019 husband, perhaps in an attempt to save his wife, joined in the chorus of Greensmith\u2019s accusers. [PAR] The most damning testimony supposedly came from Greensmith herself, who reportedly admitted to having \u201cfamiliarity with the devil\u201d and said that \u201cat Christmas they would have a merry meeting\u201d to form a covenant. Greensmith implicated her husband and said she had met in the woods with seven other witches, including Goody Ayres,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crookshanks - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Crookshanks | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"There's something funny about that animal! It heard me say that Scabbers was in my bag!\" [PAR] \u2014Ron after one of Crookshanks' failed attempts to catch Scabbers [src] [PAR] Hermione holding Crookshanks on the Hogwarts Express [PAR] Crookshanks played an instrumental part in Sirius Black 's attempts to enter Hogwarts Castle for the purpose of procuring Peter Pettigrew , who was masquerading as Scabbers , Ron Weasley 's beloved pet rat. Crookshanks immediately took a disliking to Scabbers, (perhaps because he was half- kneazle and could detect frauds) trying to attack him through Ron's clothes the first time they met. Afterwards, Crookshanks independently sought Scabbers out, causing the rat to seek hiding places. When Scabbers took off to hide in Rubeus Hagrid 's hut, Ron was convinced that Crookshanks had eaten him. This caused a row with Hermione, until he was found at Hagrid's. [PAR] Events of 6 June, 1994 [PAR] Crookshanks met Sirius Black in his Animagus form of Padfoot on the Hogwarts grounds several times, and stole the passwords to Gryffindor Tower from Neville Longbottom to help him get into the castle. Crookshanks helped Sirius lure Harry, Ron, and Hermione into the Shrieking Shack . During the scuffle between Harry and Sirius, Crookshanks attempted both to steal Harry's wand and attack Harry, and when both failed, set himself over Sirius' heart. The hesitation that Harry felt gave enough time for Professor Remus Lupin to arrive. [PAR] Ron allows Crookshanks to sniff his tiny owl [PAR] Crookshanks led the way back through the tunnels. However, when Lupin transformed into a werewolf , Pettigrew stole Lupin's wand and stunned both Ron and Crookshanks, escaping. After all this, Ron accepted Crookshanks as a remarkable animal companion, asking for his 'judgement' of the small owl that Sirius had offered to him as compensation for the loss of Scabbers to confirm that the owl wasn't another Animagus . [3] Crookshanks did not react to the tiny owl, therefore it was decided that there was nothing wrong with it. [PAR] 1994-1995 [PAR] Crookshanks curled up on Hermione's lap in the Gryffindor Common Room [PAR] Crookshanks soon became more friendly to others; for example, he once curled up in Harry Potter 's lap when Harry was waiting to hear from Sirius. However, he still remained unusually perceptive and disapproving of bad behaviour, judging by how he stared at Harry and Ron while they made up answers for their Divination homework. [4] Ginny Weasley (who Ron claimed was a great lover of cats [5] ) seemed fond of Crookshanks; she enjoyed playing with him, and was able to coax him out in the kitchen of Grimmauld Place during an Order of the Phoenix meeting, rolling butter beer corks for him to catch. [6] [PAR] Second Wizarding War [PAR] During the height of the Second Wizarding War , Hermione and Crookshanks came to stay at the Burrow , but Hermione left with Harry and Ron after Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour 's wedding reception was interrupted by Death Eaters . [7] It is unknown what happened to Crookshanks while Hermione was searching for Horcruxes ; most likely, he stayed in the Weasley's care, given Ginny's fondness of cats. Alternately, he may have left the Weasley household alone. [PAR] Physical appearance[DOC] [TLE] Hermione Granger - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Hermione Granger | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014Hermione faces her Boggart [src] [PAR] Just before she began the 1993-1994 school year, while visiting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glauce | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary Glauce | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] Definitions [PAR] noun Greek mythology [PAR] 1. the second bride of Jason , murdered on her wedding day by Medea , whom Jason had deserted [PAR] 2. a sea nymph , one of the Nereids [PAR] Collins English Dictionary. Copyright \u00a9 HarperCollins Publishers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Everton Football Club (Soccer) Cufflinks : Cuffed.com.au Everton Football Club (Soccer) Cufflinks : Cuffed.com.au [PAR] Everton Football Club (Soccer) Cufflinks / [PAR] Everton Football Club (Soccer) Cufflinks [PAR] Founded in 1878 Everton F.C. is an English Premier League football club. Their current crest contains their inspiring motto \u201cNil Satis Nisi Optimum\u201d meaning \u201cnothing but the best is good enough\u201d. The cufflinks are the real deal and come presented in the club\u2019s official merchandise box and packaging.[DOC] [TLE] It's just not English in the Premier League | The National It's just not English in the Premier League | The National [PAR] It's just not English in the Premier League [PAR] English Premier League (EPL) [PAR] \"Latin's a dead language, as dead as dead can be, it killed off all the Romans but it's big at EFC.\" [PAR] OK, that is not quite the schoolboy rhyme of my youth. However, following an extraordinary few days at Everton FC, the new version may take hold. [PAR] Who knows, at this precise moment, a young scamp may be carving it into his desk with a compass, or whatever the modern equivalent is. Twinking it onto his Facespace, perhaps? [PAR] Robert Elstone, Everton's chief executive, was forced to make a humiliating U-turn after launching a modified club crest which would, the marketing men said, improve and unify global branding. (Translation: we need a simpler badge so the factories knocking out cheap shirts abroad can get it right.) [PAR] Several parts of the old design were removed, including a pair of laurel wreaths and the railings around Prince Rupert's Tower. (Long story.) [PAR] The omission which caused the gravest offence among Evertonians, however, was the scroll bearing the club motto \"Nil Satis Nisi Optimum\". Only the best is good enough. [PAR] More than 20,000 Evertonians signed a petition demanding the old crest be re-instated. Eventually the club capitulated to fan pressure. [PAR] They will keep the offending badge for this season but pledged to design a new one, with proper consultation of fans, in time for the start of next season. [PAR] Will that one feature the Latin motto? Does the genitive plural always end in -um?! (For the non-Evertonians, that means yes.) [PAR] Now, those of you who have visited Goodison Park on a match day might be forgiven for assuming the Gwladys Street End is not a hot bed for the classics. Not unless you mean Reebok Classics. [PAR] Well, evidently you were wrong. They love a bit of \"amo, amas, eh mate\". [PAR] Cruel rival fans might also express surprise at the content of Everton's motto, seeing as their last \"Optimum\" league finish was in 1987. [PAR] So perhaps - whisper it \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd now would be the ideal time to adapt that motto. [PAR] \"Nil Satis Nisi Optimum. Sed Verberans Vicinis Faciemus.\" Only the best is good enough. But beating the neighbours will do.\" [PAR] And while we are in tweak mode, why stop with Everton? Plenty of Premier League giants have Latin mottos. [PAR] Arsenal's is \"Victoria Concordia Crescit\", or \"Victory comes from harmony\", which might explain a few things. [PAR] How about something more upbeat: \"Quarta Nova Primo.\" Fourth is the new first. [PAR] Chelsea's motto is \"Nisi Domius Frustra\". Unless God is with us, all will be in vain. [PAR] Suggested addition: \"Sine Romano, Omnium Indebitatur.\" Without Roman, all will be in debt. [PAR] West Bromwich Albion originally adopted the town's motto of \"Labor Omnia Vincit\", or \"Work conquers all.\" [PAR] Well, it was either that or \"Boing Boing Baggies Boing\", which does not look very elegant on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Comedy - The Goon Show BBC - Comedy - The Goon Show [PAR] The Goon Show [PAR] The Goon Show [PAR] This is the programme that set Spike Milligan on the path to comic iconhood, Peter Sellers on the road to stardom, Michael Bentine on the crazy paving to 'Potty Time' and Harry Secombe on the highway to... er... 'Highway'. [PAR] It also provided uproarious silliness to millions and gave generations of writers and gave performers from Monty Python to Eddie Izzard licence to smash down (comic) conventions. [PAR] Like many other great comics of the period, Milligan, Sellers, Secombe and Bentine developed their performing skills during service in World War II. After the war they met while scrabbling around for work in London, becoming regulars at \"The Grafton Arms\" whose landlord, Jimmy Grafton, put them in touch with the BBC. [PAR] By 1951 they had convinced the Beeb to let them put on the show that would launch comedy on a new path and hundreds of silly voices on a nation. [PAR] Driven by the (literally) manic energy of Milligan's scripts and a shared sense of humour, The Goon Show was unlike anything ever heard before. [PAR] Initially it was a series of sketches, featuring a cast of regular characters and running under the title \"Those Crazy People\" (the BBC didn't understand the term \"goon\", which Milligan had taken from 1930s \"Popeye\" comics). [PAR] By the time of Bentine's departure at the end of series two, however, the familiar format of ludicrous plots, surreal humour (\"What time is it Eccles?\", \"Just a minute. I've got it written down on a piece of paper\"), dreadful puns (many of them old army favourites, like the character of Hugh Jampton, permanently excused shorts), catchphrases (\"Have a gorilla\", \"No, I only smoke baboons\") and weird sound effects, all interspersed with musical intervals, was firmly in place. [PAR] Plots were usually surreal romps through old standbys such as spy drama, murder mystery and wartime heroics, with titles like \"The Toothpaste Expedition\", \"The International Christmas Pudding\" and \"The Dreaded Batter Pudding Hurler of Bexhill-on-Sea\" giving a flavour of the liberties Milligan was willing to take with such material. [PAR] It was the characters, though, that made the show, from innocent Neddie Seagoon (Secombe) to the idiotic Eccles ([Sings] \"I talk to the trees... that's why they put me away\") and ancient Minnie Bannister (\"we'll all be murdered in our beds\") (both Milligan) to suave villain Grytpype-Thynne, military-man-on-the-make Major Bloodnok (\"Moneyyyyyyy!\") and, of course, squeaky-voiced boyscout Bluebottle (\"Enter Bluebottle wearing string and cardboard pyjamas. Waits for audience applause. Not a sausage\") (all Sellers). [PAR] The programme ran for 10 years, with most of its 200-plus episodes written by Milligan (often assisted by Eric Sykes and John Antrobus among others), who was driven to a nervous breakdown at one stage by the weekly pressure of producing a script. [PAR] Since the programme ended in 1960 it has been in constant demand as a repeat and has been broadcast all over the globe. 60 years after it started it retains the power to reduce audiences to helpless laughter; no comedy could ask for more. [PAR] Cast[DOC] [TLE] The Goon Show Site - Goons Downloads, Pictures, Episodes ... The Goon Show Site - Goons Downloads, Pictures, Episodes, Scripts and More [PAR] Shop [PAR] Welcome [PAR] The Goon Show was a British radio show that started in 1951 and ran until 1960. It changed the face of British comedy and still maintains its influence to this day! [PAR] The Goons included Spike Milligan, Peter Sellers and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cube Root Calculator - Calculator Soup Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Share this Calculator & Page [PAR] Calculator Use [PAR] Use this calculator to find the cube root of positive or negative numbers. Given a number x, the cube root of x is a number a such that a3 = x. If x positive a will be positive, if x is negative a will be negative. Cube roots is a specialized form of our common radicals calculator . [PAR] Example Cube Roots: [PAR] The 3rd root of 64, or 64 radical 3, or the cube root of 64 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{64} = 4 \\). [PAR] The 3rd root of -64, or -64 radical 3, or the cube root of -64 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-64} = -4 \\). [PAR] The cube root of 8 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{8} = 2 \\). [PAR] The cube root of 10 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{10} = 2.154435 \\). [PAR] The cube root of x is the same as x raised to the 1/3 power. Written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{x} = x^{\\frac{1}{3}} \\). The common definition of the cube root of a negative number is that [PAR] (-x)1/3 = -(x1/3).[1] For example: [PAR] The cube root of -27 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-27} = -3 \\). [PAR] The cube root of -8 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-8} = -2 \\). [PAR] The cube root of -64 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-64} = -4 \\). [PAR] Cube roots (for integer results 1 through 10) [PAR] Cube root of 1 is 1 [PAR] Cube root of 8 is 2 [PAR] Cube root of 27 is 3 [PAR] Cube root of 64 is 4 [PAR] Cube root of 125 is 5 [PAR] Cube root of 216 is 6 [PAR] Cube root of 343 is 7 [PAR] Cube root of 512 is 8 [PAR] Cube root of 729 is 9 [PAR] Cube root of 1000 is 10 [PAR] To calculate fractional exponents use our calculator for Fractional Exponents . [PAR] References [PAR] [1] Weisstein, Eric W. \"Square Root.\" From MathWorld -- A Wolfram Web Resource. Cube Root [PAR] Additional reading on cube roots:[DOC] [TLE] Cube Root of 729 - YouTube Cube Root of 729 - YouTube [PAR] Cube Root of 729 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 13, 2013 [PAR] Finding cube root of 729 [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] How To Calculate Cube Roots In Your Head - Duration: 4:37. MindYourDecisions 1,973,465 views [PAR] 4:37 [PAR] How To Calculate Cube Roots INSTANTLY! - Duration: 12:10. Scam School 347,103 views [PAR] 12:10 [PAR] EasyCal Cubic Root Trick - To Easily Find Cube Roots (where cube root value lies between 1-100).wmv - Duration: 7:12. sweetmini2002 59,131 views [PAR] 7:12 [PAR] Find cube root of any number in 3 sec using vedic math trick | Team MAST - Duration: 5:43. Team MAST 38,021 views [PAR] 5:43"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a six-sided figure called? | Reference.com What is a six-sided figure called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a six-sided figure called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A 6-sided polygon is called a hexagon. A polygon is any closed figure with 3 or more sides and angles. Every polygon from 3 to 20 has a name. Polygons with 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 sides have names, as well. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Polygons with 3 to 12 sides, excluding 9 and 11, have commonly used names. A 3-sided polygon is a triangle, and a 4-sided polygon is a quadrilateral. A 5-sided polygon is a pentagon, and a polygon with 7 sides is a heptagon. A polygon with 8 sides is known as an octagon, and a 10-sided polygon is a decagon, while a 12-sided polygon is a dodecagon. The names of polygons with more than 12 sides exist but are less commonly used."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New railway link between Chopin Airport and the city ... New railway link between Chopin Airport and the city centre is open - European Railway Review [PAR] You are here: Home \u00bb Rail industry news \u00bb New railway link between Chopin Airport and the city centre is open [PAR] New railway link between Chopin Airport and the city centre is open [PAR] 18 June 2012 \u2022 Author: Warsaw Chopin Airport [PAR] The beginning of June saw the opening of a railway line connecting Chopin Airport with central Warsaw. The convenient journey takes around 25 minutes. [PAR] The train connection to the airport has been long awaited. Work began in 2006 with a major repair of an 8-kilometre track section between Warszawa Zachodnia and Warszawa Ok\u0119cie stations and the construction of two new stops, serving the newly built housing estates nearby. [PAR] The next step was to build a two-track link between Warszawa S\u0142u\u017cewiec station to the underground railway station at Chopin Airport. The link is over two kilometres long with nearly 1200 metres running below ground. More than 50,000 cubic metres of concrete and 9,200 tonnes of steel were used in the process and 15 thousand trucks worth of soil was removed. [PAR] \u201cThe construction of the underground tunnel presented a number of challenges. For example, we came across the remains of a 19th century Russian fort, which wasn\u2019t shown on any map. Another problem was posed by finding soil contaminated with diesel fuel, which had to be safely utilized,\u201d explains Maciej Dutkiewicz, the spokesman for Polish Railways Development Projects Centre. [PAR] Along with the construction of the rail link, extensive safety improvements were made, most notably building a dedicated traction substation and switch tower. The work also involved modernisation of Warszawa S\u0142u\u017cewiec stop. The whole project was worth 366 million zlotys and was partly financed by the European Union. [PAR] The new line, which was opened on 1 June, is able to serve up to six pairs of trains an hour, which gives a total capacity of more than 10,000 passengers. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s a big day for us. The railway link is the most convenient way of getting to and from the city for passengers using Chopin Airport. I\u2019m glad it\u2019s finally ready,\u201d said Micha\u0142 Marzec, the airport\u2019s director. [PAR] During the morning and afternoon rush hours, trains from the airport to the city centre run every 10-12 minutes and outside rush hours every 15 minutes. The journey from Chopin Airport to Warszawa Centralna station takes about 25 minutes. [PAR] The service is operated by two companies: Szybka Kolej Miejska (Fast Urban Railway) and Koleje Mazowieckie (Masovian Railways). The operators accept both types of tickets, which means that all public transport tickets, including single-fare, short-term and unlimited ride tickets, are valid on Koleje Mazowieckie trains (on the Chopin Airport \u2013 Warszawa Wschodnia section), and Koleje Mazowieckie tickets are good on SKM trains \u2013 on the same section. [PAR] Tickets for a ride from the airport to the city centre are sold at every newsstand and at ticket machines at the station or on trains. Tickets for other routes, priced as per the operators\u2019 tariff, are available from ticket machines or at ticket windows at most railway stations. [PAR] Related rail topics[DOC] [TLE] Warsaw Chopin Airport Guide (WAW ) - World Travel Guide Warsaw Chopin Airport Guide (WAW) [PAR] Warsaw Chopin Airport Guide (WAW) [PAR] Book and Go [PAR] Warsaw Chopin Airport Guide (WAW) [PAR] Airport info [PAR] Ulica Zwirki i Wigury 1, 00 906 Warszawa, Poland [PAR] Location: [PAR] Warsaw Chopin Airport is located 10 km (6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) - IMDb Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] Between two Thanksgivings two years apart, Hannah's husband falls in love with her sister Lee, while her hypochondriac ex-husband rekindles his relationship with her sister Holly. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Visit IMDb Picks [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 26 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 31 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 30 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 05 Apr 2015 [PAR] Title: Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 22 wins & 26 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] An ophthalmologist's mistress threatens to reveal their affair to his wife, while a married documentary filmmaker is infatuated by another woman. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] The life of a divorced television writer dating a teenage girl is further complicated when he falls in love with his best friend's mistress. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] In New Jersey in 1935, a movie character walks off the screen and into the real world. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] In his attempts to reconcile a lounge singer with his mistress, a hapless talent agent is mistaken as her lover by a jealous gangster. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] \"Documentary\" about a man who can look and act like whoever he's around, and meets various famous people. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] In czarist Russia, a neurotic soldier and his distant cousin formulate a plot to assassinate Napoleon. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] When their best friends announce that they're separating, a professor and his wife discover the faults in their own marriage. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] A nostalgic look at radio's golden age focusing on one ordinary family and the various performers in the medium. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] Neurotic New York comedian Alvy Singer falls in love with the ditzy Annie Hall. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] A middle-aged couple suspects foul play when their neighbor's wife suddenly drops dead. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] In New York in 1928, a struggling playwright is forced to cast a mobster's talentless girlfriend in his latest drama in order to get it produced. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] A wacky inventor and his wife invite two other couples for a weekend party at a romantic summer house in the 1900s countryside. [PAR] Director: Woody Allen [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] During a Thanksgiving Day party we make acquaintance with a numerous and problematic family. The leading characters are three sisters: Lee, the woman of Frederick, an old misanthrope painter; Holly, who dreams of becoming a writer, or an actress, or who knows who...; Hannah, famous actress, beautiful, intelligent, good mother, good wife, good sister, in short perfect, the pivot of the family. The balance begins to break up when Hannah's husband, Elliot, falls in love with Lee, who leaves Frederick. Holly goes through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bette Midler - Biography - IMDb Bette Midler - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bette Midler [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 87 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (33) | Personal Quotes (46) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 1\" (1.55 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Multi Grammy Award-winning singer/comedienne/author Bette Midler has also proven herself to be a very capable actress in a string of both dramatic and comedic roles. Midler was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, on December 1, 1945. She is the daughter of Ruth (Schindel), a seamstress, and Fred Midler, a painter. Her parents, originally from New Jersey, were both from Jewish immigrant families (from Russia, Poland, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire). [PAR] Midler studied drama at the University of Hawaii and got her musical career started by performing in gay bathhouses with piano accompaniment from Barry Manilow . Her first album was \"The Divine Miss M\" released in November 1972, followed by the self-titled \"Bette Midler\" released in November 1973, both of which took off up the music charts, and Bette's popularity swiftly escalated from there. [PAR] After minor roles in several film/TV productions, she surprised all with her knockout performance of a hard-living rock-and-roll singer (loosely based on the life of Janis Joplin ) in The Rose (1979), for which she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. In 1986, director Paul Mazursky cast Midler opposite Nick Nolte and Richard Dreyfuss in the hilarious Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), and so began a string of very funny comedic film roles. She played an obnoxious wife who was the victim of a kidnap plot by her scoundrel husband, played by Danny DeVito , in Ruthless People (1986), was pursued by CIA and KGB spies in Outrageous Fortune (1987), played mismatched twins with Lily Tomlin in Big Business (1988) and shone in the tear-jerker Beaches (1988). [PAR] Bette matched feisty James Caan in the WWII drama For the Boys (1991), made a dynamic trio with Goldie Hawn and Diane Keaton in The First Wives Club (1996), was back on screen with DeVito for the tepid comedy Drowning Mona (2000) and turned up in the glossy remake of The Stepford Wives (2004). Apart from her four Grammy awards, Bette Midler has also won four Golden Globes, one Tony Award, and three Emmy Awards, plus she has sold in excess of 15 million albums worldwide. Most recently, she toured with her sassy \"Kiss My Brass\" show, and is promoting her album \"Bette Midler Sings the Rosemary Clooney Songbook\". [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: firehouse44@hotmail.com [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 16 December 1984 - present) (1 child) [PAR] Trivia (33) [PAR] Performed her cabaret act at the famed gay men's club, The Continental Baths, in the 1970s with Barry Manilow as her accompanist. [PAR] Worked at a Dole pineapple processing plant in Hawaii in her early years. [PAR] Her first big album \"The Divine Miss M\" was produced by Barry Manilow . [PAR] Attended and graduated from Radford High School in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1963. [PAR] Majored in drama at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, but dropped out after three semesters. [PAR] Listed as one of twelve \"Promising New Actors of 1979\" in John Willis' Screen World, Vol. 31. [PAR] Was the final guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962). [PAR] Gave birth to her only child at age 40, a daughter Sophie Frederica Alohilani von Haselberg (aka Sophie von Haselberg ) on November 14, 1986. Child's father is her husband,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trivia: Everything you need to know about Rodgers ... Trivia: Everything you need to know about Rodgers & Hammerstein\u2019s The King and I | The Opera Blog [PAR] Trivia: Everything you need to know about Rodgers & Hammerstein\u2019s The King and I [PAR] By Jennifer Williams , [PAR] October 21, 2013 [PAR] Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II are pictured auditioning hopefuls at the St James Theatre. Photograph by a staff photographer at New York World-Telegram & Sun \u2013 with permissions for Public Use. [PAR] Impress your friends with a few choice tidbits about the musical sensation coming to stages across Australia next year. [PAR] The Story [PAR] The King and I is based on a true story: Anna Leonowens\u2019 account of teaching English in the court of the Siamese King Mongkut (Rama IV). The interpretation is fairly loose \u2013 the musical is based on a fictional novel by Margaret Landon, who reimagined Anna Leonowen\u2019s memoirs: The English Governess at the Siamese Court [PAR] Interestingly, a biographer later uncovered that much of Leonowen\u2019s memoirs was in fact embellished or fabricated: for example, Leonowens had in fact never been to England when she was employed by the Siamese King \u2013 born in India of Anglo-Indian descent, Leonowens explained away her darker complexion as a sign of Welsh heritage. [PAR] From Page to Stage [PAR] Rodgers & Hammerstein did not come up with the idea for the musical themselves. In fact, it was proposed by lawyer Fanny Holtzmann, who saw a musical adaptation of Landon\u2019s novel as the perfect vehicle to revive her client Gertrude Lawrence\u2019s declining career. She initially offered the opportunity to Cole Porter, who declined. [PAR] Before Holtzmann sent Landon\u2019s novel to the musical duo, both Rodgers\u2019 and Hammerstein\u2019s wives had read Landon\u2019s book and urged their husbands to write an adaptation. Neither saw the potential in the novel \u2013 it wasn\u2019t until they saw a 1946 film adaptation of a stage play that they began to consider it. [PAR] Both Rodgers and Hammerstein struggled with how to convey the cultural context of the story. Rodgers wanted to reference Asian music without alienating a Western audience. He stopped short of incorporating traditional Thai music and instead settled on some unusual chords to convey a foreign mood. Hammerstein wrote the King\u2019s dialogue without using articles \u2013 a manner of speech common to many Asian languages. [PAR] The romance between Lun Tha and Tuptim was scripted primarily so that Rodgers could write some of the romantic tunes he was famous for \u2013 as it would be inappropriate to stage a cross-cultural romance between the King and Anna. An attraction between the Thai King and British governess is merely suggested in the musical. [PAR] On Broadway [PAR] The musical opened on Broadway in 1951 starring British actress Gertrude Lawrence and Russian actor and director Yul Brynner as Anna and the King of Siam. Brynner was then relatively unknown, but shot to stardom for his performance in the hit. The show played for three years, but lost its leading lady when Lawrence died of liver cancer halfway through the run. [PAR] The show had an initial budget of US$250,000 \u2013 which was at that time the most expensive Rodgers & Hammerstein musical ever made [PAR] Lawrence had to wear costume gowns that weighed up to 34 kg, and her character danced a total of 6.4km in every performance, eight shows a week. Lawrence was buried in one of her costumes from the show. [PAR] Through the initial run and several revivals, Yul Brynner performed the role of the King more than"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Curtly legal definition of curtly - Legal Dictionary Curtly legal definition of curtly [PAR] Curtly legal definition of curtly [PAR] http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/curtly [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Hard lines for mum [PAR] Johannesburg, Feb 27 ( ANI ): West Indies cricket legends Andy Roberts, Curtly Ambrose and Richie Richardson have reportedly been selected for knighthood and will be presented the honours during the lunch break of the first ODI between England and West Indies in Antigua. [PAR] Three ex-Windies players to be knighted during first ODI with England [PAR] BIRTHDAYS: Shirley Conran, writer, 81; Leonard Cohen, singer/poet, 79; Stephen King, novelist, pictured, 66; Charles Clarke, politician, 63; Bill Murray, actor, 63; Simon Mayo, broadcaster, 55; Rob Morrow, actor, 51; Curtly Ambrose, former cricketer, 50; Faith Hill, singer, 46; Luke Wilson, actor, 42; Liam Gallagher, rock musician, 41.[DOC] [TLE] Curtly Ambrose Latest News, Biography, Photos & Stats ... Curtly Ambrose Latest News, Biography, Photos & Stats | Curtly Ambrose's Family, House Photos & News | Curtly Ambrose's Cricket Records, Achievements | Sportskeeda.com [PAR] Curtly Ambrose Biography & Latest News [PAR] Curtly Ambrose Biography [PAR] Curtly Elconn Lynwall Ambrose is a former cricketer from Antigua who played 98 Test matches for the West Indies. Ambrose came to cricket at a relatively late age, having preferred basketball in his youth, but quickly made an impression as a fast bowler. Progressing through regional and national teams, he was first chosen for the West Indies in 1988. He was almost immediately successful and remained in the team until his retirement in 2000. On many occasions, his bowling profile was responsible for the West Indies winning matches which seemed lost. Against Australia in 1993, he took seven wickets while conceding a single run; in 1994 he was largely responsible for bowling England out for 46 runs, taking six for 24. He was particularly successful against leading batsmen and when the team depended on him. A fast bowler, he took 405 Test wickets at an average of 20.99 and topped the ICC Player Rankings for much of his career to be rated the best bowler in the world. His great height was an added advantage. It allowed him to make the ball bounce unusually high after he delivered it, making him a difficult bowler for batsmen to face. He was chosen as one of theWisden Cricketers of the Year in 1992; after he retired he was entered into the International Cricket Council Hall of Fame. [PAR] Curtly Ambrose Latest News & Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arizona is the 48th State Admitted to the Union | World ... Arizona is the 48th State Admitted to the Union | World History Project [PAR] Arizona is the 48th State Admitted to the Union [PAR] Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. [PAR] The major result being the end to the territorial colonization of Continental America. Arizona was the 48th state admitted into the U.S. and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted. The admission, originally scheduled to coincide with that of New Mexico, was delayed by Democrats in the territorial legislature to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Arizona becoming a Confederate territory in 1862. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Brian Hand [PAR] New Mexico became a state on January 6, 1912, and Arizona became a state on February 14, 1912. Thus, two stars were added to our flag in 1912 on July 4th signifying that two new states were added to the 46-star flag then. That flag lasted exactly 47 years from July 4, 1912, through July 4, 1959. [PAR] Source: State of Michigan, Journal of the Senate, 94th Legislature, Regular Session of 2007 Added by: Brian Hand [PAR] George W. P. Hunt, Arizona businessman, territorial legislator, President of Arizona's Constitutional Convention of 1910 and the state's first governor, was born in Huntsville, Missouri, November 1, 1859. He arrived in Globe, Gila County, Arizona in 1881 where he eventually became President and part owner of the Old Dominion Commercial Company. On February 24, 1904 he married Helen Duett Ellison in Holbrook, Arizona. They had one daughter, Virginia. Hunt was elected to the Territorial House in 1893 and 1895 and to the Territorial Council in 1897, 1899, 1905, 1907 and 1909. He served as Council President during his 1905 and 1909 terms. [PAR] A major player in efforts to obtain statehood, Hunt presided over Arizona's 1910 Constitutional Convention. While President of the Convention, he supported the inclusion of the initiative. Elected governor in December 1911, he took his oath of office February 14, 1912-- the first day of statehood. Arizonans re-elected him six more times. He served from February 1912 to January 1917 when Thomas Edward Campbell defeated him in a bitterly contested election. In the summer of 1917, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hunt as a federal labor conciliator during increasing labor unrest in the mining industry. Hunt's comments regarding the Bisbee Deportation were seen by many Arizonans as sympathetic to the International Workers of the World (I.W.W.) Hunt eventually ousted Campbell from office following a year-long battle in the courts to determine which of the two had actually won the governorship. Hunt then served from December 1917 to January 1919. President Wilson appointed him the Minister of Siam during the years 1920-1922. Upon his return, Hunt again served as governor from January 1923 to January 1929 and a final term from January 1931 to January 1933. Previous to his defeat in the 1932 primary, Hunt had won the Democratic nomination in every primary he had entered. He lost the Democratic primary again in 1934. He died in Phoenix on December 24, 1934. [PAR] During his long career, Hunt promoted many progressive agendas including the establishment of a merit system for state employees, prison and labor reform, woman's suffrage, the abolition of capital punishment, child labor laws, workers compensation and old age pensions, direct democracy by means of the initiative and referendum and citizen recall of judges. He fought hard for Arizona's portion of Colorado River water, refusing to sign the Colorado River Compact."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belfry golf venue put up for sale by Irish owner - BBC News Belfry golf venue put up for sale by Irish owner - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Belfry golf venue put up for sale by Irish owner [PAR] 16 January 2012 [PAR] Image caption The venue has hosted four Ryder Cups [PAR] Golf and leisure venue The Belfry has been put up for sale. [PAR] The 550-acre resort in Warwickshire is regarded as the spiritual home of the Ryder Cup, a spokesman for the company behind the sale said. [PAR] The venue is currently owned by Irish-based businessman Sean Quinn Junior and is expected to attract significant interest from Asia. [PAR] Four Ryder Cup tournaments have been held there and it is also the headquarters for the PGA. [PAR] The resort includes a 324-bedroom hotel and three golf courses as well as extensive corporate conference facilities, property agent Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels said. [PAR] Seve tribute [PAR] Nigel Gray, managing director of The Belfry, said: \"New owners are being sought for The Belfry and we are extremely confident this will prove to be successful.\" [PAR] The golf club, named England's Leading Golf Resort at last year's World Travel Awards, was the scene of one of golfing legend Seve Ballesteros's most famous shots. [PAR] In 1978, in the Hennessey Cup, Ballesteros became the first player to drive the 311 yards over water and trees to the The Brabazon Course's 10th tee. [PAR] The Spaniard represented Europe at three Ryder Cup contests held at the venue in 1985, 1989 and 1993. [PAR] The club's flags were lowered and a minute's silence observed by staff and golfers as his funeral was held in Spain in May last year. [PAR] Mr Gray added that the venue was a \"highly-profitable business\" which had seen a rise last year on 2010 figures. [PAR] The Quinn group bought it in 2005 for \u00a3186m.[DOC] [TLE] se\u00e1n quinn - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com se\u00e1n quinn - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] Se\u00e1n Quinn [PAR] John Ignatius Quinn, commonly known as Se\u00e1n Quinn, is an Irish businessman and conglomerateur. In 2008 he was the richest person in the Republic of Ireland, but in 2011 he filed for bankruptcy. The Sunday Times Rich List in 2008 estimated his personal worth to be \u20ac4.722 billion or \u00a33.73 billion, thereby making him the richest person in Ireland. Forbes magazine's 2008 Rich List listed him again as the richest person in Ireland, in 164th place amongst the wealthiest individuals in the world. His net worth, as of February 2008, was estima ... (\u5c55\u5f00) ted at $6.0 billion, approximately \u00a33.084 billion. In November 2005 the Quinn Group, which was then privately owned by the Quinn family, was elsewhere estimated to be worth between \u20ac4 billion and \u20ac5 billion. In 2007 the group made a pre-tax profit of \u00a3439m. In April 2011 Kieran Wallace of KPMG was appointed as share receiver to Anglo Irish Bank (to which the Quinn Group owe over \u20ac2.8 billion) and took control of the Quinn family\u2019s equity interest in Quinn Group. Sean Quinn and the Quinn family no longer have any role in the management, operations or ownership of the Quinn Group. Quinn was declared bankrupt on 11 November 2011 in Northern Ireland; this was annulled on appeal but he was declared bankrupt in the Republic of Ireland on 16 January 2012. Quinn was sentenced at the High Court in Dublin on 2 November 2012 to nine weeks in jail, due to continued asset stripping and non-co-operation with the Irish Bank Resolution Corporation (IBRC). Quinn is married"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Many Looks Of The Bond Villain, Feature | Movies - Empire The Many Looks Of The Bond Villain, Feature | Movies - Empire [PAR] The Many Looks Of The Bond Villain [PAR] Owen Williams [PAR] Last updated: 19 Oct 2015 02:45 [PAR] Movies [PAR] Skyfall [PAR] So you\u2019ve lined up your volcanic lair, your army of henchmen and your gorgeous moll; you\u2019ve crafted your plan for world-domination and remembered to feed the sharks swimming under the glass floor of your office. Now what? Well, no real villain \u2013 and certainly no Bond villain \u2013 would be caught without a distinctive personal style. After Skyfall villain Silva (Javier Bardem) appeared in action for the first time in this week\u2019s trailer, we assess his predecessors for their distinctive fashion choices\u2026 [PAR] Film: Dr. No (1962) [PAR] Style: As a mad scientist on an island protected by a dragon (actually a flamethrowing tractor) you might expect Dr No to be a ranter and raver. He\u2019s actually eerily calm and buttoned down, despite the absence of any buttons at all on his Nehru-collared tunic: the first of many in the Bond villain pantheon. There\u2019s a whiff of Orientalism about him, and he has black metal pincers instead of hands. No physical match for Bond, you suspect he could crush him intellectually\u2026 if not for the whole explaining-the-plan and letting-Bond-escape thing. The template for the next five decades is set right here. [PAR] Plan: Disruption of US space shuttle launch with atomic radio beam. [PAR] Best Line: \"Unfortunately I misjudged you. You are just a stupid policeman whose luck has run out.\" [PAR] Film: From Russia With Love (1963) [PAR] Style: A blonde-haired super-assassin who can rock a towel, a black ninja outfit and a sharp grey pinstripe with equal ease, Grant cuts quite a dash. But for all his seeming urbanity, he\u2019s not a gentleman: he doesn\u2019t seem to realise that one cannot possibly combine red wine with fish. [PAR] Plan: Theft of a LEKTOR decoding machine; assassination of Bond; humiliation of British government. [PAR] Best Line: \"Orders? That\u2019s only half of it, old man.\" [PAR] Film: Goldfinger (1964) [PAR] Style: Attempting to wear his wealth with some \u00e9lan, Goldfinger instead comes off as crass and buffoonish, which adds to his slight air of off-kilter madness. He looks like a cartoon golfer in brogues, tweed plus-fours, big socks and a cardigan in the famous match early in the film. Later on, his sizeable frame will sport a fetching gold tuxedo \u2013 which is certainly eye-catching, but proves he\u2019s no match for Bond in the stylish evening wear stakes. [PAR] Plan: Breaking into Fort Knox and irradiating America\u2019s gold supply with a nuclear bomb. [PAR] Best Line: \"No, Mr Bond, I expect you to die!\" [PAR] Film: Thunderball (1965) [PAR] Style: Largo is another big guy, but unlike Goldfinger he\u2019s physically imposing rather than just portly. And as you\u2019d expect of an Italian, he\u2019s particularly natty dresser too: he favours the odd open neck shirt, dark Milanese suits and white sharkskin dinner jackets (maybe he\u2019s going for a Bogart-in-Casablanca sort of a vibe). He uses a cigarette holder, taps around with a cane, and sports a piratically rakish eyepatch. Now that is a look worth becoming a super-villain for. [PAR] Plan: Theft of NATO atomic bombs for a $100m ransom. [PAR] Best Line: \"You know much about guns, Mr Bond?\" [PAR] Film: You Only Live Twice (1967), On Her Majesty\u2019s Secret Service (1969), Diamonds Are Forever (1971) [PAR] Style: In his anonymous, cat-stroking phase in From Russia With Love and Thunderball, Blofeld"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pen-y-Fan (Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales): Top Tips ... Pen-y-Fan (Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales [PAR] Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales [PAR] [PAR] Tretower, Brecon Beacons National Park [PAR] [PAR] Write a Review Add Photos & Videos [PAR] Questions & Answers [PAR] Here's what previous visitors have asked, with answers from representatives of Pen-y-Fan and other visitors [PAR] 18 questions [PAR] Show all answers (8) Answer [PAR] tigerteeth1130 [PAR] Questions? Get answers from Pen-y-Fan staff and past visitors. [PAR] Hi, what would you like to know about this attraction? [PAR] Posting guidelines [PAR] Get notified about new answers to your questions. [PAR] Ask [PAR] Do I have to buy a ticket for my infant? [PAR] How do I get there using public transportation? [PAR] Is there a restaurant or caf\u00e9 onsite? [PAR] Near Pen-y-Fan [PAR] \u00a9 2017 TripAdvisor LLC All rights reserved. TripAdvisor Terms of Use , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . [PAR] * TripAdvisor LLC is not a booking agent and does not charge any service fees to users of our site... (more) [PAR] TripAdvisor LLC is not responsible for content on external web sites. Taxes, fees not included for deals content. [PAR] TripAdvisor uses cookies to improve your site experience. Learn more or change your settings. By continuing, you consent to our cookies.[DOC] [TLE] Crowning glory four ways to walk up Pen y Fan - Visit Wales Crowning glory four ways to walk up Pen y Fan [PAR] Walker looking across to Pen y Fan, Brecon Beacons [PAR] The name Pen y Fan roughly translates as Top Spot. That\u2019s top as in highest, but there\u2019s no doubt it\u2019s inspiring in other ways. At the summit, walkers perch on the cairn to grab a selfie. The bragging rights are not to be sniffed at \u2013 this is, after all, the highest point in southern Britain, with Mid Wales swirling around it like a carpet of green. [PAR] Pen y Fan is just one of several walkable peaks and ridges in the central Beacons. By following an exhilarating 11 mile circuit from the Storey Arms, you can also take in Corn Du (873m) and Cribyn (795m). \"I wouldn\u2019t dream of missing out on Corn Du when I\u2019m climbing Pen y Fan,\" says Darren James, a veteran walker who\u2019s pausing for a swig of coffee on Corn Du\u2019s crowning plateau. \"Both summits were used as burial places in the Bronze Age, so there\u2019s something mystical about them.\" [PAR] The quiet one: the Cwm Llwch walk from Cwm Gwdi [PAR] Cwm Llwch from the summit of Corn Du, Brecon Beacons [PAR] This challenging 7.5 mile climb starts north of Pen y Fan at Cwm Gwdi car park (310m) and follows an ancient track up to Cefn Cwm Llwch ridge and Pen y Fan (886m), with stunning views east over the River Nant Sere and west over Llyn Cwm Llwch. [PAR] It\u2019s said that if you stand on Pen y Fan and look northwest, you can see all the way to Snowdonia. Binoculars and a very clear day would probably help. But if, like me, you\u2019re up there on a day that\u2019s part sunny and part showery, you\u2019re in for a different kind of treat \u2013 a perfect rainbow, nature\u2019s cheerful bunting, hanging over the hills. [PAR] The tough one: the horseshoe ridge walk [PAR] Taf Fechan Valley, Brecon Beacons [PAR] My final route is a blinder. It\u2019s a demanding nine mile circuit leading from the Taf Fechan Forest up to Corn Du (873m), Pen y"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] nd.gov: Official Portal for North Dakota State Government nd.gov: Official Portal for North Dakota State Government [PAR] Official Portal for North Dakota State Government [PAR] Garrison Dam Tailrace January 2014 Craig Bihrle [PAR] Sheyenne River Valley ND Parks and Recreation [PAR] Winter Bales [PAR] Country Church Winter Sunrise Ronald F. Fischer [PAR] Snowmobiling in ND [PAR] State Symbols (capital, bird, tree, flag...) [PAR] State Symbols (capital, bird, tree, flag...) [PAR] Bird Western Meadowlark [PAR] Capital Bismarck is the Capital of North Dakota [PAR] Coat of Arms Displayed for the first time by the National Guard at Camp Grafton on June 16, 1957 [PAR] Creed Written by Frank L. McVey [PAR] Fish Northern Pike [PAR] Flag North Dakota's dark blue field displays a bald eagle holding an olive branch and a bundle of arrows in its claws. [PAR] Flower Wild Prairie Rose[DOC] [TLE] North Dakota: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol ... North Dakota: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag, Tree, Geography, Symbols [PAR] North Dakota [PAR] Governor: Jack Dalrymple, R (to Dec. 15, 2016) [PAR] Lieut. Governor: Drew Wrigley, R (to Dec. 15, 2016) [PAR] Senators: John Hoeven, R (to Jan. 2017); Heidi Heitkamp, D (to Jan. 2019) [PAR] Entered Union (rank): Nov. 2, 1889 (39) [PAR] Present constitution adopted: 1889 [PAR] Spirit of the Land (1975) [PAR] flower [PAR] Origin of name: From the Sioux tribe, meaning \u201callies\u201d [PAR] 10 largest cities (2012 est.): Fargo , 109,779; Bismarck , 64,751; Grand Forks , 53,456; Minot , 43,746; West Fargo, 27,478; Dickinson, 19,697; Mandan , 18,978; Williston, 18,532; Jamestown, 15,323; Wahpeton, 7,800 [PAR] Land area: 68,976 sq mi. (178,648 sq km) [PAR] Geographic center: In Sheridan Co., 5 mi. SW of McClusky [PAR] Number of counties: 53 [PAR] Largest county by population and area: Cass, 149,778 (2010); McKenzie, 2,742 sq mi. [PAR] State parks: 17 [PAR] 2015 resident population est.: 756,927 [PAR] 2010 resident census population (rank): 672,591 (49). Male: 339,864 (50.5%); Female: 332,727 (549.5%). White: 605,449 (90.0%); Black: 7,960 (1.2%); American Indian: 36,591 (5.4%); Asian: 6,909 (1.0%); Other race: 3,509 (0.5%); Two or more races: 11,853(1.8%); Hispanic/Latino: 13,467 (2.0%). 2010 percent population 18 and over: 77.7; 65 and over:14.5; median age: 37.0. [PAR] Map of North Dakota [PAR] North Dakota was explored in 1738\u20131740 by French Canadians led by Sieur de la Verendrye . In 1803, the U.S. acquired most of North Dakota from France in the Louisiana Purchase . Lewis and Clark explored the region in 1804\u20131806, and the first settlements were made at Pembina in 1812 by Scottish and Irish families while this area was still in dispute between the U.S. and Great Britain. In 1818, the U.S. obtained the northeast part of North Dakota by treaty with Great Britain and took possession of Pembina in 1823. However, the region remained largely unsettled until the construction of the railroad in the 1870s and 1880s. [PAR] North Dakota is the most rural of all the states, with farms covering more than 90% of the land. North Dakota ranks first in the nation's production of spring and durum wheat; other agricultural products include barley, rye, sunflowers, dry edible beans, honey, oats, flaxseed, sugar beets, hay, beef cattle, sheep, and hogs. [PAR] Recently, manufacturing industries have grown, especially food processing and farm equipment. The state's coal and oil reserves are plentiful, and it also produces natural gas, lignite, clay, sand, and gravel. [PAR] The Garrison Dam on the Missouri River provides extensive irrigation and produces 400,000 kilowatts of electricity for the Missouri Basin areas. [PAR] Known for its waterfowl, grouse, pheasant, and deer hunting and bass, trout, and pike"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tina Turner - 80s Songs and Albums - simplyeighties.com Tina Turner - 80s Songs and Albums - simplyeighties.com [PAR] 1988 Tina Live In Europe #86 (US) #8 (UK) [PAR] 1999 Divas Live '99 #90 (US) [PAR] 2009 Tina Live #169 (US) #43 (UK) [PAR] We Don't Need Another Hero (1985) [PAR] This No.2 hit single (in the UK) was the first track to be lifted from the soundtrack album Mad Max, Beyond Thunderdome, and became the singer's seventh hit of the eighties. Tina starred in the film herself as Aunty Entity, alongside Mel Gibson. The soundtrack was composed by Jean Michel Jarre's father Maurice, and features the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. [PAR] Let's Stay Together (1983) [PAR] Peaking at No.6 in the UK, this comeback single for Tina Turner was the first track to be lifted from the hugely successful Private Dancer album, which was later released in the spring of 1984. [PAR] This cover of the Al Green song (which originally featured on the album of the same name in 1972) was Tina's first release of the eighties and also reached #26 in the U.S. and #3 in the Hot R&B charts and #1 in the U.S. Dance Chart. Al Green's version reached #7 in the UK. [PAR] Break Every Rule (1986) [PAR] Tina Turner's sixth solo studio album was released in September 1986 (on the Capitol Records label), reaching #4 in the US and #2 in the UK and achieving Platinum sales in both countries. The album topped both the Swiss and German Charts. [PAR] Many guests featured on the album with David Bowie, Bryan Adams and Mark Knopfler helping to pen a track each. Phil Collins played drums on What You See Is What You Get, guitars were played by Eric Clapton on Two People and Steve Winwood played keyboards on Afterglow. [PAR] Tina Live In Europe [PAR] Released in 1988, Tonight (Live) was lifted from Tina's first live album, and it topped the Dutch Mega Charts. The duet was first recorded in 1984 and featured on the David Bowie album of the same name. Written by Bowie and Iggy Pop, the original track was included on Iggy Pop's Lust For Life album which was released in 1977. [PAR] Tina Turner and Eric Clapton live at Wembley Arena on June 18th 1987. Creative Commons image by fattkatt [PAR] I Don't Wanna Lose You (1989) [PAR] The second single to be lifted from the Foreign Affair album was Tina Turner's final hit single of the eighties, reaching #8 in the UK. Surprisingly, this very memorable song was only a minor hit across Europe, and in the majority of countries failed to break into the Top 20. The B-side featured a new track entitled Stronger Than The Wind.[DOC] [TLE] Tina Turner: Foreign Affair - Music on Google Play Tina Turner: Foreign Affair - Music on Google Play [PAR] 1 0 [PAR] Dale Golden [PAR] FOREIGN AFFAIR ALBUM REVIEW A great Tina Turner album that encompasses a fantastic collection of the great rock songs of the 1980s. I would definitely rate it a 5 star album! [PAR] Sean Clark [PAR] Still makes me want to have my own Foreign Affair Amazing Album with great songs from the ultimate performer. [PAR] Ivett Heffentrager [PAR] Are kidding me? This is a best of the best! You cannot beat the old starts! These people knew how to sing! [PAR] Eileen Wellington [PAR] Be tender with me baby Tina turner [PAR] Judy Parmenter [PAR] Your the best Always gives me goosebumps [PAR] ItzThanHD MC [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Sean Clark August 11, 2015"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This Month in Physics History: March 20, 1800: Volta ... This Month in Physics History: March 20, 1800: Volta describes the electric battery [PAR] March 20, 1800: Volta describes the Electric Battery [PAR] Alessandro Volta [PAR] In the late 18th century, scientists were fascinated with electricity. Ben Franklin had conducted his famous kite experiment, drawing electricity from lightning in 1752. Leyden jars, invented in 1746, could store charge and produce a spark of electricity. Doctors were treating patients with electric shocks for all sorts of ills. But further research on electromagnetism and any practical use of electricity would require a source of continuous current, which was not available until 1800, when Alessandro Volta invented the first electric pile, the forerunner of the modern battery. [PAR] Alessandro Volta was born in Como, Italy in 1745, to a wealthy noble family. He attended the Como Jesuit school and a local seminary. His teachers tried to persuade him to enter the priesthood, while his family wanted him to study law. But Volta, even at age 14, knew his real interest was physics. Like many scientists of the time, he was especially fascinated by electricity. [PAR] Volta dropped his formal studies, and did not attend university. Nonetheless, by age 18 he was corresponding directly with accomplished scientists, and conducting experiments in the laboratory of a family friend. In 1769 he wrote a treatise \u201cOn the forces of attraction of electric fire,\u201d in which he put forward a theory of electric phenomena. [PAR] In 1774 Volta accepted a post as an instructor at the Como grammar school, and continued his experiments on electricity. In 1775 he devised a \u201cperpetual electrophorus\u201d that could transfer charge to other objects, and in the next few years he noticed the bubbling of methane in swamps and was able to isolate the gas. Volta was made a professor of physics at the University of Pavia in 1778. [PAR] Volta\u2019s early work had already made him a well-known scientist, but his greatest contribution to science was the voltaic pile, which he invented as part of a scientific dispute with Luigi Galvani. [PAR] In 1780, Galvani, an Italian physician and anatomist, was experimenting with dissected frogs\u2019 legs and their attached spinal cords, mounted on iron or brass hooks. In most of his experiments, the frog leg could be made to twitch when touched with a probe made of another metal. The frog legs would also jump when hanging on a metal fence in a lightning storm. These observations convinced Galvani that he had found a new form of electricity, which was being generated by the frogs\u2019 muscles. He called the phenomenon \u201canimal electricity.\u201d [PAR] Volta, though initially galvanized by this work, argued that the frogs\u2019 muscles were simply reacting to the electricity, not producing it. He set out to prove Galvani wrong, and sparked a controversy that divided the Italian scientific community. [PAR] Volta realized that the crucial feature of Galvani\u2019s experiments was the two dissimilar metals\u2013the iron or brass hook and the probe of some other metal. The metals were generating the current, not the frog parts. Instruments available at the time could not detect weak currents, so Volta, always a dedicated experimentalist, often tested various combinations of metals by placing them on his tongue. The saliva in his mouth, like the frogs\u2019 tissue, conducted electricity, resulting in an unpleasant bitter sensation. [PAR] To show conclusively that the generation of an electric current did not require any animal parts, Volta put together a rather messy stack of alternating zinc and silver discs, separated by brine-soaked cloth. He built the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben-Nevis.com Ben-Nevis.com [PAR] BEN NEVIS - 'The Ben' [PAR] F\u00e0ilte! [PAR] Ben Nevis (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Nibheis) is the highest mountain in the British Isles. It is located at the western end of the Grampian Mountains in the Lochaber area of Scotland, close to the town of Fort William and is affectionately known as 'The Ben.' [PAR] Ben Nevis attracts an estimated 125,000 complete and a further 100,000 partial ascents per year, most of which are made by walkers using the well-constructed Mountain Track ( Pony Track ) from Glen Nevis on the south side of the mountain. For climbers and mountaineers the main attraction lies in the 600-metre (2,000 ft) high cliffs of the north face. Among the highest cliffs in the United Kingdom, they harbour some of the best scrambles and rock climbs at all levels of difficulty, and are one of the principal locations in the UK for ice climbing. [PAR] The summit, at 1,344.527m (4,411ft 2in) (or 1,345m on the new Ordnance Survey maps) above sea level, unusually for a mountain in Scotland, features the ruins of a building, an observatory , which was permanently staffed from 1883 until its closure in 1904. [PAR] The Origins of the Name [PAR] The name, 'Ben Nevis,' is from the Gaelic, 'Beinn Nibheis.' While 'beinn' is a common Gaelic word for 'mountain' the word 'nibheis' is understood to have several meanings and is commonly translated as 'malicious' or 'venomous' therefore giving the meaning of 'Venomous (or malicious) mountain.' [PAR] Another interpretation of the name Ben Nevis, is that it derives from beinn n\u00e8amh-bhathais, from the word n\u00e8amh meaning 'heavens (or clouds)' and bathais meaning 'top of a man's head.' This would therefore translate literally as, 'the mountain with its head in the clouds' although this is sometimes also given as the more poetic, 'mountain of heaven.' [PAR] Popular[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Scotland's Landscape : Ben Nevis BBC - Scotland's Landscape : Ben Nevis [PAR] Scotland's Landscape [PAR] You need to download the latest version of the Flash Player. [PAR] If you need help installing Flash please read this Webwise page. [PAR] Translation : Venomous mountain [PAR] Height : 1344m [PAR] OS Grid : NN166713 [PAR] Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in the British Isles. It is located at the western end of the Grampian Mountains, close to the town of Fort William. It consists mainly of igneous rock from the Devonian period (around 400 million years ago), intruded into the surrounding metamorphic schists; the intrusions take the form of a series of concentric ring dikes. The innermost of these, known as the Inner Granite, constitutes the southern bulk of the mountain above Lochan Meall an t-Suidhe, and also the neighbouring ridge of C\u00e0rn M\u00f2r Dearg; Meall an t-Suidhe forms part of the Outer Granite, which is redder in colour. The summit dome itself, together with the steep northern cliffs, are composed of andesite and basaltic lavas. The mountain has been extensively shaped by glaciation. The first recorded ascent of Ben Nevis was made on 17 August 1771 by James Robertson, an Edinburgh botanist, who was in the region to collect botanical specimens. It was not until 1847 that Ben Nevis was confirmed by the Ordnance Survey as the highest mountain in Britain, ahead of its rival Ben Macdui. The summit observatory was built in 1883, and remained in operation for 21 years. The first path to the summit was built at the same time as the observatory and was designed to allow ponies to carry up supplies, with a maximum gradient of one in five.[13] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jody Scheckter - International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame Jody Scheckter [PAR] JODY SCHECKTER [PAR] Country: South Africa [PAR] Born: January 29, 1950 in East London South Africa [PAR] When Jody Scheckter won the Formula One World Championship in 1979, he became the first South African to win a world title. [PAR] Scheckter joined the Formula One circuit in 1974, winning the British and Swedish Grand Prix. That year, he placed third in world championship rankings and was named Driver of the Year by the British Guild of Motoring Writers. [PAR] In 1976, he again ranked third in the world championships. The following year, Scheckter was runner-up in his quest for the world title, with triumphs in Argentina, Monaco, and Canada. In 1979, following Grand Prix wins in Belgium, Monaco, and Italy, he captured the World Formula One Racing Car Championship. [PAR] Prior to entering the Grand Prix circuit, Scheckter was a prominent stockcar racer in his native South Africa, graduating to Formula Ford and Formula Two racing in the early 1970s. In 1972, he won the American Formula 5000 Championship and was awarded South Africa\u2019s Springbok honors, his nation\u2019s highest sports commendation. [PAR] Scheckter retired in 1980 at age 30.[DOC] [TLE] Jody Scheckter Explained - Everything Explained Today Jody Scheckter Explained [PAR] Jody Scheckter Explained [PAR] Jody David Scheckter (born 29 January 1950) is a South African former auto racing driver. He is the Formula One World Drivers' Champion . [PAR] Career [PAR] Scheckter was born in East London, South Africa , and educated at Selborne College . [PAR] Formula One [PAR] He rapidly ascended to the ranks of Formula One after moving to Britain in 1970. His Formula 1 debut occurred at the US Grand Prix at Watkins Glen in 1972 with McLaren , where he ran as high as third place before spinning and finishing ninth. Immediately becoming a name to watch, he continued his development the following year, winning the 1973 SCCA L&M Championship and racing five times in F1. In France, he almost won in only his third start in F1 before crashing into Emerson Fittipaldi , the reigning World Champion, who said after the crash about Scheckter: \"This madman is a menace to himself and everybody else and does not belong in Formula 1.\" In his next start, the British Grand Prix at Silverstone , Scheckter was involved in a major accident which took nearly a dozen cars out of the race. The Grand Prix Drivers Association demanded his immediate banishment, which was only put off when McLaren agreed to rest their driver for four races. Scheckter's McLaren M23 bore the number zero during the Canadian and American Grands Prix of 1973. Scheckter is one of only two F1 drivers to compete under this number, the other being Damon Hill . During the practice for the American event at the Watkins Glen circuit, Frenchman Fran\u00e7ois Cevert , who was due to be Scheckter's Tyrrell teammate for 1974, was killed in an appalling accident at the fast uphill Esses corners. Scheckter was behind Cevert when he crashed, and he stopped his McLaren, got out of his car and attempted to help Cevert out of his destroyed Tyrrell, but the 29-year-old Frenchman had been cut in half by the circuit's poorly installed Armco barriers and was already dead. Witnessing Cevert's dreadful accident left an indelible mark on the South African and caused him to abandon his reckless ways, becoming a more mature and calculating driver as a result. [2] Tyrrell in 1974 gave him his first full-time drive in F1. Jody rewarded them with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Desperate Escape of Joseph Bowers - Alcatraz History The Desperate Escape of Joseph Bowers [PAR] The Desperate Escape of Joe Bowers [PAR] Joseph Bowers, 210-AZ [PAR] Joe Bowers, an inmate considered criminally insane by many of his fellow inmates on the Rock, would make national headlines with a desperate act that for over a half century has been called an escape by some and suicide by others. [PAR] Joseph Bowers was by all accounts a desperado and loner, unable to come to terms with the conditions of Alcatraz. Imprisoned during the toughest and most strict era on Alcatraz, Bowers, serving a 25-year sentence for Postal Mail Robbery that netted a mere sixteen dollars and thirty eight cents. He held an expansive criminal record and as one report highlighted: \u201cIf at large, he probably would engage again in criminal activities and constitute a serious menace to the public safety and society.\u201d He had claimed, and it was also supported in belief by fellow inmates that his crimes had resulted from a lacking ability to support himself. He claimed that he was completely desperate and out of funds, hungry and mostly unable to afford food or proper lodging. [PAR] In a 1933 summary report, his background was noted: [PAR] \u201cOn this man it has been impossible to get any dependable information. He states that it is represented to him that he was born of parents who were members of a travelling circus on February 18, 1897, at El Paso, Texas, was immediately deserted by his parents, and was raised by circus people who were travelling about and with whom he has lost all contact, so that he has been unable to establish his birth as an American Citizen. Claims to have worked in Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Russia, Buenos Aires, Mexico, Cuba, and other places principally as an interpreter, as he claims to speak six languages. [PAR] He came to the office complaining that he thought his sentence too severe, that he was in his present trouble due only to the fact that he had been unable to get work, and wanted to know if there was any manner in which he could establish his citizenship so that he could get pass-ports to foreign countries, as he said he never had any trouble finding steady employment, but did have some trouble because he did not have proper passports when in foreign countries.\u201d [PAR] Bowers arrived at Alcatraz on September 4, 1934, in one of the first groups, and it quickly became obvious that he didn\u2019t fit the archetypical model of the standard Rock inmate. While imprisoned at McNeil Island, a federal penitentiary located in the Puget Sound of Washington State, he was a considered \u201cunpredictable and at high risk resulting from being emotional unstable.\u201d [PAR] Warden Johnston later wrote: \u201cI did not class him with the shrewd gangsters with whom he associated in prison. He was a weak-minded man with a strong back who would get peace of mind by exercising his body.\u201d The Rule-of-Silence was in its most strict form, and within only six months of his imprisonment, Bowers was already showing signs of significant mental strain. He attempted suicide, but the resident physician didn\u2019t feel Bowers was making a serious attempt on his life. A memo to the director described the attempt: [PAR] DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [PAR] /s/ George Hess, A.A. Surgeon [PAR] Chief Medical Officer. [PAR] Bowers was assigned to the incinerator detail only a month prior to his escape by flight. The incinerator detail was considered a difficult and unpopular work assignment by the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II: The platinum monarch? - CNN.com Queen Elizabeth II: The platinum monarch? - CNN.com [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II: The platinum monarch? [PAR] By Victoria Arbiter [PAR] Updated 3:54 PM ET, Wed September 9, 2015 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Queen Elizabeth is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Look back at moments from her life so far. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Elizabeth was born April 21, 1926, in London. She is held here by her mother, Elizabeth. Her father would later become King George VI. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Princess Elizabeth in 1928. [PAR] 3 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Princess Elizabeth is seen with her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, during a visit to Balmoral, Scotland, in September 1933. He would go on to become King Edward VIII in 1936. But when he abdicated later that year, Elizabeth's father became King and she became heir presumptive. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Princess Elizabeth is seen in the Duchess' box during a pantomime act at London's Lyceum Theater in February 1935. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] From left, Princess Elizabeth, King George VI, Queen Elizabeth and Princess Margaret wave to the crowd from the Royal Balcony of Buckingham Palace on June 22, 1939. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] A 14-year-old Princess Elizabeth, right, sits next to her sister for a radio broadcast on October 13, 1940. On the broadcast, her first, she said that England's children were full of cheerfulness and courage. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Princess Elizabeth shakes hands with an officer of the Grenadier Guards on May 29, 1942. King George VI made Elizabeth an honorary colonel in the Royal Army regiment. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Princess Elizabeth, right, and Princess Margaret wear summer dresses circa 1942. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] With the Drakensberg Mountains behind her, Princess Elizabeth sits in South Africa's Natal National Park on April 21, 1947, her 21st birthday. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 10 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] This portrait of the British royal family was taken in July 1947, after Princess Elizabeth, far left, got engaged to Prince Philip of Greece, a lieutenant in the British Navy. He is second from left. To his left are Queen Elizabeth, King George VI and Princess Margaret. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 11 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] The Royal Wedding Party waves from the balcony of Buckingham Palace on November 20, 1947. After becoming a British citizen and renouncing his Greek title, Philip became His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. His wife became the Duchess of Edinburgh. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 12 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The life of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Princess Elizabeth smiles in March 1950 as she arrives to a state banquet at the French Embassy in London's Kensington Palace Gardens. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 13 of 48 [PAR] Photos: The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Turkey Football - Football.com | Europe Turkey Football - Football.com | Europe [PAR] Europe [PAR] Turkey [PAR] Are You Visible? [PAR] Register for a Player Page and get your talent in front of the people who matter to your career."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ahuramazda - Livius Ahuramazda - Livius [PAR] [PAR] Ahuramazda [PAR] Ahuramazda: the \"wise lord\", the supreme god of the ancient Iranians, whose cult was propagated by the legendary prophet Zarathustra , the founder of Zoroastrianism. [PAR] Zarathustra's teachings: the G\u00e2th\u00e2s [PAR] Zoroastrian fire altar from Samarkand [PAR] The Avesta is the holy book of the adherents of Zarathustra, the Zoroastrians or - as they call themselves today - Parsis. The Avesta was codified c.600 CE, but this library of sacred texts contains older material, such as the G\u00e2th\u00e2s . These hymns were perhaps written in the fourteenth or thirteenth century BCE, almost two millennia before the codification of the Avesta, and most scholars think that they were composed by the prophet Zarathustra himself. [PAR] In a vision ( more... ), Zarathustra was ordered by a spirit named Good Thought to start preaching against the bloody sacrifices of the traditional Iranian cults and to give aid to the poor. Gradually, the prophet began to understand that Good Thought had been sent by the supreme god Ahuramazda, a name that can be translated as Wise Lord. Zarathustra sometimes addresses his god as Ahura, lord, and as Mazda, wisdom. [PAR] From the G\u00e2th\u00e2s, we learn that Zarathustra started to preach that Ahuramazda had created \"the world, mankind and all good things in it\" through his holy spirit, Spenta Mainyu. The rest of the universe was created by six other spirits, the Amesha Spentas (\"holy immortals\"). However, the order of this sevenfold creation was threatened by The Lie; good spirits and evil demons (daeva) were fighting and mankind had to support the good spirits in order to speed up the inevitable victory of Ahuramazda. The believer could side with Ahuramazda by avoiding lies, supporting the poor, several kinds of sacrifices, the cult of fire, et cetera. [PAR] A snake amulet from Sokh in Uzbekistan, believed to be one of the first representations of a dualist world view [PAR] Zarathustra also warned the people that there would be a Last Judgment. At the end of times, angels were to lead all men and women across a narrow bridge, where they would be judged by Spenta Manyu (which is described as a beautiful maiden); the friends of The Lie would fall into a large chasm of fire called Worst Existence, but the followers of Zarathustra were to reach Paradise, which goes under the name of House of Best Purpose. [PAR] It is impossible to establish how much of this is original. Zarathustra says in the G\u00e2th\u00e2s that the innovative aspect was the demand for social reform, which brought the prophet into conflict with representants of the established cult, the priests of the god Mithra and the goddess Anahita. What strikes us is the radical dualism; Zarathustra demands that the pious choose for the good and against evil, and promises that they will be rewarded at the Last Judgment ( text... ). [PAR] Angra Mainyu, demons, and gods [PAR] The defeated Parthian king Artabanus (left) and the personification of evil, Ahriman (center), on the investiture relief of Ardashir I in Naq\u0161-e Rustam [PAR] The G\u00e2th\u00e2s are only a small part of the Avesta , and it is possible to distinguish (on linguistic grounds) between old and young texts. The most important innovation by Zarathustra's disciples is the personalization of evil. According to Zarathustra, the enemy of the divine order had been The Lie, an abstract concept. There are several texts, written in the same language as the G\u00e2th\u00e2s, which give evil its name: Angra Mainyu, \"the hostile spirit\". He is described as the leader of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Watchet - Videos - Mashpedia Watchet - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos [PAR] Watchet [PAR] NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] [PAR] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE [PAR] Coordinates : 51\u00b010\u203246\u2033N 3\u00b019\u203227\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff51.1795\u00b0N 3.3242\u00b0W\ufeff / 51.1795; -3.3242 [PAR] Watchet is a harbour town, civil parish and electoral ward in the English county of Somerset , with a population of 3,785. [1] It is situated 15 miles (24 km) west of Bridgwater , 15 miles (24 km) north-west of Taunton , and 9 miles (14 km) east of Minehead . The parish includes the hamlet of Beggearn Huish. The town lies at the mouth of the Washford River on Bridgwater Bay , part of the Bristol Channel , and on the edge of Exmoor National Park . [PAR] The original settlement may have been at the Iron Age fort Daw's Castle . It then moved to the mouth of the river and a small harbour developed, named by the celts as \"Gwo Coed\" meaning Under the Wood. [2] After the Saxon conquest of the area the town developed and was known as Weced or Waeced [3] and was attacked by Vikings in the 10th century. Trade using the harbour gradually grew, despite damage during several severe storms, with import and exports of goods including those from Wansbrough Paper Mill until the 19th century when it increased with the export of iron ore , brought from the Brendon Hills via the West Somerset Mineral Railway , mainly to Newport for onward transportation to the Ebbw Vale Steelworks . The West Somerset Railway also served the town and port bringing goods and people from the Bristol and Exeter Railway . The iron ore trade reduced and ceased in the early-20th century. The port continued a smaller commercial trade until 2000 when it was converted into a marina . [PAR] The church is dedicated to Saint Decuman who is thought to have died here around 706. An early church was built near Daw's Castle and a new church was erected in the 15th century. It has several tombs and monuments to Sir John Wyndham and his family who were the lords of the manor. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 's poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner which was written in the area is commemorated by a statue on the harbourside. [PAR] Contents [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] Daw's Castle (Dart's Castle or Dane's Castle) is an Iron Age sea cliff hill fort about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the west of the town. It was built and fortified, on the site of an earlier settlement, as a burh by Alfred the Great , as part of his defense against Viking raids from the Bristol Channel around 878 AD . [4] [5] It is situated on an east-west cliff about 80 metres (260 ft) above the sea, on a tapering spur of land bounded by the Washford River to the south. Its ramparts would have formed a semicircle backing on to the sheer cliffs, but only about 300 metres (980 ft) are visible today. [6] A Saxon mint was established here in 1035, probably within the fort. [7] It is a scheduled monument . [8] [PAR] There is no sign of Roman occupation, but the Anglo-Saxons took Watchet from the native Britons around AD 680. Under Alfred the Great (AD 871\u2212901) Watchet became an important port, and coins minted here have been found as far away as Copenhagen and Stockholm . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the early port being plundered by Danes led by Earl Ottir and a 'Hroald' (possibly Ottir's king Ragnall ) in 987"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roosevelt: The Trust Buster! | AP United States History Roosevelt: The Trust Buster! | AP United States History [PAR] AP United States History [PAR] Roosevelt: The Trust Buster! [PAR] Posted on March 9, 2008 by Laoteacher [PAR] President Roosevelt did not just focus on conservationism during his presidency. He attacked the trusts guilty of monopolies and set up the necessary reforms that resulted in businesses into accepting government regulation. According to our textbook The American Pageant, Roosevelt, as a trustbuster, made headlines in 1902 when he attack the Northern Securities Company, a railroad holding company organized by financial titan J.P. Morgan and empire builder James J. Hill. Roosevelt challenged these great big giants and their attempts to monopolized the railroad industry. In response they appealed to the Supreme Court, which in 1904 upheld Roosevelt\u2019s antitrust suit and ordered the Northern Securities Company to be dissolved. The Northern Securities decision jolted Wall Street and angered big business but greatly ehanced Roosevelt\u2019s reputation as a trust smasher. His big stick crashed down on other ginat monopolies, as he initiated over forty legal proceedings against them. The Supreme Court in 1905 declared the beef trust illegal, and the heavy fist of justice fell upon monopolies controlling sugar, fertilizer, harvesters, and other key products(666-667). [PAR] According to Wikipedia, Trust-busting refers to government activities designed to break up trusts or monopolies . Theodore Roosevelt is the U.S. president most associated with dissolving trusts, but his chosen successor, William Howard Taft , actually began the most of the anti-trust proceedings. [PAR] Trusts were large business entities that largely succeeded in controlling a market , essentially becoming a monopoly . The term became common in the late 19th century , when a system of trusts controlled much of the economy of the United States . In 1898 , President William McKinley launched the \u201ctrust-busting\u201d era when he appointed the U.S. Industrial Commission on Trusts , which interrogated Andrew Carnegie , John D. Rockefeller , Charles M. Schwab , and other industrial titans. The report of the Industrial Commission was seized upon by Theodore Roosevelt, who became known as a \u201cTrust Buster,\u201d dissolving 44 trusts during his two terms as president. However, the \u201cTrust Buster\u201d name is probably more suited for Roosevelt\u2019s successor, William Howard Taft, who brought an end to 90 trusts in one term. Although Taft may have done more to control the trusts while in office, Roosevelt retains the nickname because he was the pioneer of trust-busting. [PAR] Do you think Roosevelt\u2019s trust busting practices contradicts the ideals of capitalism? [PAR] Like this:[DOC] [TLE] The Trust Buster -Teddy Roosevelt - US History The Trust Buster [ushistory.org] [PAR] Teddy Roosevelt (not Ned Flanders) leading the charge against trusts in a cartoon from 1899. [PAR] Teddy Roosevelt was one American who believed a revolution was coming. [PAR] He believed Wall Street financiers and powerful trust titans to be acting foolishly. While they were eating off fancy china on mahogany tables in marble dining rooms, the masses were roughing it. There seemed to be no limit to greed. If docking wages would increase profits, it was done. If higher railroad rates put more gold in their coffers, it was done. How much was enough, Roosevelt wondered? [PAR] The Sherman Anti-Trust Act [PAR] Although he himself was a man of means, he criticized the wealthy class of Americans on two counts. First, continued exploitation of the public could result in a violent uprising that could destroy the whole system. Second, the captains of industry were arrogant enough to believe themselves superior to the elected government. Now that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learning About The Cammeraygal - blogspot.com That Weird American Who's Obsessed with Australia: Learning About The Cammeraygal [PAR] That Weird American Who's Obsessed with Australia [PAR] Yesterday, my education was about the Indigenous group that lived in North Sydney. [PAR] The Cammeraygal. [PAR] Some websites mention them being part of the Eora and some don't. I'm very confused about this!! If anyone knows more about it and would like to explain, PLEASE do so. [PAR] I do know that Bennelong was part of the Eora. I'll talk about him on another day. He has an interesting history. [PAR] Anyway, back to the Cammeraygal (who may or may not have had connections to the Eora). [PAR] The Cammeraygal ate seafood, but I'm guessing it was usually not in the exploitive way we eat seafood today. I'm pretty sure they didn't have any all-you-can-eat shrimp & lobster buffets. [PAR] It seems most of the Cammeraygal disappeared after the arrival of the big ships in 1788. [PAR] The suburb Cammeray is named after them. [PAR] The places the Cammeraygal hung out way back when is now called Balls Head, Berry Island, Kirribilli, Cammeray and Cremorne. Gayden Track on Berry island has a Bushwalk where you can learn about stuff. I guess it has signs that you can read. [PAR] The Cammeraygal name for Balls Head is Yerroulbine. There are lots of nice archeological sites-- rock carvings and all that. In fact, a new one was found this July . Well, the drawing isn't new. It's quite old actually. But it's new in terms of it just being found recently. How cool is that? [PAR] The name Kirribili comes from Aboriginal word Kiarabilli. That means good fishing spot. [PAR] Okay. I have no idea how to pronounce half this stuff I'm writing. [PAR] The Prime Minister lives in Kirribili. Why not in Canberra? You know, that's a pretty long commute. Milson's point is near Kirribili. How close? Walking distance to Luna Park? I wonder if Kevin Rudd hangs out there when he's not busy doing the Prime Minister thing? [PAR] Anyway, if fate has us return to Luna Park, while I'm riding the rides and fearing for my life, I will think about and remember the Cammeraygal people. I will remember that when they were around there was no scary clown face to walk through. [PAR] Posted by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek alphabet - definition of Greek alphabet by The Free ... Greek alphabet - definition of Greek alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Greek alphabet - definition of Greek alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Greek+alphabet [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Greek alphabet - the alphabet used by ancient Greeks [PAR] alphabet - a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language [PAR] alpha - the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] beta - the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] gamma - the 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] delta - the 4th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] epsilon - the 5th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] zeta - the 6th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] eta - the 7th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] theta - the 8th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] iota - the 9th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] kappa - the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] lambda - the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] mu - the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] nu - the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] xi - the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] omicron - the 15th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] pi - the 16th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] rho - the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] sigma - the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] tau - the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] upsilon - the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] phi - the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] khi , chi - the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] psi - the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] omega - the last (24th) letter of the Greek alphabet [PAR] Translations[DOC] [TLE] Letter of the alphabet - The Free Dictionary Letter of the alphabet - definition of letter of the alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Letter of the alphabet - definition of letter of the alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/letter+of+the+alphabet [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] letter of the alphabet - the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech; \"his grandmother taught him his letters\" [PAR] spelling - forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage [PAR] alphabet - a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language [PAR] grapheme , graphic symbol , character - a written symbol that is used to represent speech; \"the Greek alphabet has 24 characters\" [PAR] ascender - a lowercase letter that has a part extending above other lowercase letters [PAR] descender - a lowercase letter that has a part extending below other lowercase letters [PAR] digram , digraph - two successive letters (especially two letters used to represent a single sound: `sh' in `shoe') [PAR] initial - the first letter of a word (especially a person's name); \"he refused to put the initials FRS after his name\" [PAR] a - the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet [PAR] b - the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet [PAR] c - the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet [PAR] d - the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet [PAR] e - the 5th letter of the Roman alphabet [PAR] f - the 6th letter of the Roman alphabet [PAR] g - the 7th letter of the Roman alphabet [PAR] h -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rarely Seen Moonfish, Size of Manhole Cover, Caught on Camera Rarely Seen Moonfish, Size of Manhole Cover, Caught on Camera [PAR] Rarely Seen Moonfish, Size of Manhole Cover, Caught on Camera [PAR] The opah, or moonfish, is a camera-shy animal that researchers know little about. [PAR] View Images [PAR] An opah, or moonfish, photographed near San Clemente Island off the southern California coast, seems to pose. [PAR] Photograph by Ralph Pace [PAR] Its squat body and flimsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon. [PAR] Related Content [PAR] Where Obama's Deep Love for the Ocean Comes From [PAR] But the opah , or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish . That's just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. (See pictures of other deep-sea animals .) [PAR] This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures. [PAR] While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 130-pound (59-kilogram) fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. [PAR] Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pace dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. [PAR] He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. It was big, Pace recalls\u2014\"probably bigger than a manhole cover.\" And he was lucky. [PAR] \"Photos of them in the water free-swimming are pretty rare,\" says John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolla, California. \"And Ralph Pace's images are better than the rest I've seen.\" [PAR] A Pricey Catch [PAR] Opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, says Owyn Snodgrass , a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, but there is no targeted fishery for them. [PAR] That's partly because the deep-sea dwellers don't congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So focusing solely on opah won't make fishermen much money, Snodgrass explains. (Read about the plight of the Atlantic bluefin tuna in National Geographic magazine.) [PAR] Instead, moonfish are caught as bycatch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. And despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million . \"They're very tasty fish,\" Snodgrass says. [PAR] Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different, the biologist explains. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles\u2014the ones that power the fins on the side of the body\u2014look and taste a bit like beef. [PAR] \"[Opah] can be eaten raw, but they're also great on the barbecue or smoked,\" says Snodgrass. [PAR] Casson Trenor , who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He doesn't offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. [PAR] The pectoral muscles aren't just good eating\u2014they also give researchers clues about the animal's speed and way of life. [PAR] Those muscles are about 17 percent of an opah's body weight, Snodgrass says, which is a relatively large percentage. \"[So] despite what they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.\" [PAR] An Elusive Subject [PAR] Unpublished data Snodgrass obtained from a satellite-tagged moonfish showed that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about White on Blonde, 1997 albums, Albums ... Learn and talk about White on Blonde, 1997 albums, Albums produced by David A. Stewart, Albums produced by Mike Hedges, Mercury Records albums [PAR] 7 References [PAR] Background and release[ edit ] [PAR] The album included five UK Top Ten singles, \" Say What You Want \" (UK #3), \" Halo \" (UK #10), \" Black Eyed Boy \" (UK #5), \" Put Your Arms Around Me \" (UK #10) and \" Insane \" (UK #4) which was released as a double A-sided single with \"Say What You Want (All Day, Every Day)\" - a new version of the 1997 hit featuring additional rap vocals by the Wu-Tang Clan . [PAR] White on Blonde has been certified 6x Platinum in the UK, which indicates sales of over 1.8 million copies in that territory. [2] The album was also a major success in various European countries, such as France where it peaked at #2 on the French Album Charts. Worldwide, sales of White on Blonde are estimated at around 4-5 million copies.[ citation needed ] The album was produced by the band themselves, along with Mike Hedges and former Eurythmics star Dave Stewart . [3] [PAR] Honours[ edit ] [PAR] White on Blonde has received many honours since its release in 1997. It was voted the 86th greatest album of all time by Q magazine readers in 1998. [4] The album is also ranked #34 in Q's \"Best 50 Albums of Q's Lifetime,\" [3] included in Q magazine's \"90 Best Albums Of The 1990s,\" and included in Q magazine's \"50 Best Albums of 1997.\" [3] [PAR] White on Blonde became the first Texas album to top the UK Album Charts and is one of only two Texas albums (along with The Greatest Hits ) to be certified 6x Platinum in the United Kingdom. [PAR] In 2010, White on Blonde was nominated in the BRIT Awards Best Album in the past 25 years.[DOC] [TLE] Texas - White on Blonde - Amazon.com Music Texas - White on Blonde - Amazon.com Music [PAR] White on Blonde [PAR] Audio, Cassette, August 5, 1997 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] New - factory packaging. in a plastic box. [PAR] Track Listings [PAR] 2. Say What You Want [PAR] 3. Drawing Crazy Patterns [PAR] 5. Put Your Arms Around Me [PAR] 6. Insane [PAR] Audio Cassette (August 5, 1997) [PAR] Number of Discs: 1 [PAR] By Judy Sevor on August 5, 2016 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] What happened to their music? Disappointed I all tracks. [PAR] By manco82 on April 15, 2007 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] My favorite songs: [PAR] Put Your Arms Around Me [PAR] Insane [PAR] Ticket To Lie [PAR] Breathless [PAR] In particular I want to nominate \"Put Your Arms Around Me\" for one of the best pop songs ever, for the way it build up to the 3:00 minute mark and then just goes to another level. That's what differentiates the good from the great. [PAR] By yitmom1 on July 25, 2015 [PAR] Format: MP3 Music|Verified Purchase [PAR] love it! [PAR] By Busy Body on December 2, 2003 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] Texas are one of the most important"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Adam Faith Biography - Biography Base Home Adam Faith Biography [PAR] Adam Faith Biography [PAR] Adam Faith (June 23, 1940 - March 8, 2003) was a British singer and actor. [PAR] He was born Terence (Terry) Nelhams-Wright in Acton in West London. He was unaware that his real surname was Nelhams-Wright until he applied for a passport and obtained his birth certificate. He was known as Terry Nelhams in his early life. [PAR] Adam Faith was one of Britain's early pop stars. His first hit, \"What Do You Want\", came in 1959, and with subsequent songs like \"Poor Me\" \"Don't that Beat All\" and \"Someone Else's Baby\" he established himself as a serious rival to Cliff Richard in British pop music. His style and looks were in complete contrast to Cliff's, offering a real alternative for the teenage market. Like most contemporary pop singers, he did not write his own material, and much of his early success was attributable to his partnership with John Barry. [PAR] Faith's brand of sometimes rather twee pop (\"Lonely Pup (In a Christmas Shop)\") became less popular through the 1960s in the face of competition from groups like the Beatles, and he began an alternative career as an actor. While still a musician he had appeared in films such as Beat Girl (1961), but now he concentrated on acting in the theatre. In the 1970s he went into music management, managing Leo Sayer among others. [PAR] He appeared in the 1970s television series Budgie, about an ex-convict, but after a car accident as a result of which he almost lost a leg, his career suffered something of a decline. It restarted in 1975 when he landed a major role as the manipulative manager of rock star David Essex in the film Stardust. In the early 1990s, Faith had another hit TV series in Love Hurts with Zoe Wanamaker. [PAR] In the 1980s Adam Faith's interests moved from show business to finance and he became a financial investments advisor. In 1986 he was hired as a financial journalist, by the Daily Mail and its sister paper the Mail on Sunday. He also had an involvement with the television Money Channel. But the channel proved to be an unsuccessful venture and closed down in 2001. Adam Faith was declared bankrupt owing a reported \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd32m. [PAR] He had had heart problems since 1986 when he underwent open heart surgery. He became ill after his stage performance in Stoke on Trent on the Friday evening and died in hospital of a heart attack early on Saturday morning, March 8, 2003. [PAR] Michael Caine, (born Maurice Micklewhite) said that his mother worked with Adam's mother in their early days, but because each, of course, referred to her son by his real name, they never made the connection to each other's already well-known offspring."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - British History in depth: Captain Cook and ... BBC - History - British History in depth: Captain Cook and the Scourge of Scurvy [PAR] Captain Cook and the Scourge of Scurvy [PAR] By Jonathan Lamb [PAR] Last updated 2011-02-17 [PAR] Scurvy was the scourge of the Royal Navy for decades, and Captain Cook is widely credited with conquering it. But how much of his reputation is deserved, and how much is due to luck? Jonathan Lamb investigates. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] The emergence of scurvy [PAR] Scurvy did not emerge as a problem for maritime explorers until vessels started penetrating the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. Vasco da Gama lost two thirds of his crew to the disease while making his way to India in 1499. In 1520 Magellan lost more than 80 per cent while crossing the Pacific. Two voyages made by Pedro de Quiros early in the 17th century resulted in huge mortality from a sickness Sir Richard Hawkins called, after his venture into the South Seas, 'the plague of the Sea, and the Spoyle of Mariners'. [PAR] ... Magellan lost more than 80 per cent of his crew while crossing the Pacific. [PAR] Scurvy came to public notice in Britain after Commodore George Anson led a squadron into the Pacific in the 1740s to raid Spanish shipping. He lost all but one of his six ships, and two thirds of the crews he shipped (700 survived out of an original complement of 2000), most of them to scurvy. Their symptoms were vividly described by Richard Walter, the chaplain who wrote up the official account of the voyage. Here were descriptions of its ghastly traces: skin black as ink, ulcers, difficult respiration, rictus of the limbs, teeth falling out and, perhaps most revolting of all, a strange plethora of gum tissue sprouting out of the mouth, which immediately rotted and lent the victim's breath an abominable odour. [PAR] There were strange sensory and psychological effects too. Scurvy seems to have disarmed the sensory inhibitors that keep taste, smell and hearing under control and stop us from feeling too much. When sufferers got hold of the fruit they had been craving they swallowed it (said Walter) 'with emotions of the most voluptuous luxury'. The sound of a gunshot was enough to kill a man in the last stages of scurvy, while the smell of blossoms from the shore could cause him to cry out in agony. This susceptibility of the senses was accompanied by a disposition to cry at the slightest disappointment, and to yearn hopelessly and passionately for home. [PAR] Now we know that scurvy was a cocktail of vitamin deficiencies, mainly of C and B, sometimes compounded by an overdose of A from eating seals' livers. Altogether these produced a breakdown in the cellular structure of the body, evident in the putrescence of the flesh and bones of sufferers, together with night blindness and personality disorders associated with pellagra. In the 18th century no one knew what caused scurvy, whose symptoms were so various it was sometimes mistaken for asthma, leprosy, syphilis, dysentery and madness. [PAR] Top [PAR] Prevention [PAR] Physicians speculated that it was owing to a salt diet, to a lack of oxygen in the body, to fat skimmed from the ships' boiling pans, to bad air, to thickening of the blood, to sugar, to melancholy; but no one knew for certain. People were aware that once victims were on shore they could be recovered by eating scurvy grass, wild celery, wood sorrel, nasturtiums,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Halliwell's Film and Video Guide: Amazon.co.uk: Leslie ... Halliwell's Film and Video Guide: Amazon.co.uk: Leslie Halliwell: 9780684189284: Books [PAR] Halliwell's Film and Video Guide [PAR] Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. [PAR] Apple [PAR] To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. [PAR] or [PAR] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . [PAR] Product details [PAR] Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers; 6th, Sixth Edition, Binding Taped edition (April 1988) [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Product Dimensions: 30.5 x 22.9 x 2.5 cm [PAR] Average Customer Review: [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Amazon Review [PAR] This monster is quite simply the king of movie guides. Halliwell's Film and Video Guide 2001 contains more than 23,000 entries, creating a competition for space that allows most films only a quick-and-dirty single sentence review. Which is not to say that the book is in any way less than thorough--the terse sentences manage to be enormously telling: (How I Got into College is quietly damned with the description, \"Mildly amusing teenage comedy\"; Rabbit Test is scorched with \"Dreary and tasteless film, the nadir of comedy\"; and Strictly Ballroom is lauded with \"Exuberant, charming, witty romance acted and directed with style and verve\".) As its tendency toward clipped writing may suggest, Halliwell's is no Santa Claus film guide--movies must earn each star awarded. Four stars go only to groundbreaking masterpieces like Rashomon, and one can flip through page after page without seeing a three-star movie. Most of the two-star films are pretty good, just not quite up to this guide's refreshingly exacting standards. For those who want only the best, Halliwell's handily provides lists of three- and four-star films, sorted by both title and year, in the back. One could get an excellent film education simply by working through both lists: the four-star category includes movies as diverse as Pelle the Conqueror, Alien and Duck Soup. Halliwell's pulls no punches with either criticism or praise. It is a must-have for movie lovers. --Ali Davis --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. [PAR] Review"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quotes from Scouting Founder Robert Baden-Powell ... Quotes from Scouting Founder Robert Baden-Powell | Scoutmastercg.com [PAR] Home \u00bb More \u00bb Quotes from Scouting Founder Robert Baden-Powell [PAR] Quotes from Scouting Founder Robert Baden-Powell [PAR] October 22, 2009 [PAR] Over a century volumes of guidance has been offered to Scoutmasters yet none is so effective as that of the founder of the worldwide Scouting movement Robert Baden-Powell [PAR] A boy carries out suggestions more wholeheartedly when he understands their aim. [PAR] A Scout is never taken by surprise; he knows exactly what to do when anything unexpected happens. [PAR] Be Prepared\u2026 the meaning of the motto is that a scout must prepare himself by previous thinking out and practicing how to act on any accident or emergency so that he is never taken by surprise. [PAR] Correcting bad habits cannot be done by forbidding or punishment. [PAR] If you make listening and observation your occupation you will gain much more than you can by talk. [PAR] Do use the Patrol Method?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] StarChild: The Asteroid Belt StarChild: The Asteroid Belt [PAR] Listen to an audio version of this page. [PAR] Sorry, your browser does not support the audio element, please consider updating. [PAR] The Asteroid Belt [PAR] The dwarf planet called Ceres orbits the Sun in the asteroid belt. [PAR] An asteroid is a bit of rock. It can be thought of as what was \"left over\" after the Sun and all the planets were formed. Most of the asteroids in our solar system can be found orbiting the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This area is sometimes called the \"asteroid belt\". Think about it this way: the asteroid belt is a big highway in a circle around the Sun. Think about the asteroids as cars on the highway. Sometimes, the asteroid cars run into one another. When this happens, the asteroids may break up into smaller asteroids. Scientists think that most asteroids are the result of collisions between larger rocky space bodies. [PAR] Asteroids can be a few feet to several hundred miles wide. The belt probably contains at least 40,000 asteroids that are more than 0.5 miles across. [PAR] If an asteroid is captured by the gravitational pull of a planet, the asteroid can be pulled out of the belt and go into orbit as a moon around the planet that pulled on it. [PAR] A Question[DOC] [TLE] Asteroid Belt: Facts & Formation - Space.com Asteroid Belt: Facts & Formation [PAR] Asteroid Belt: Facts & Formation [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] June 11, 2012 05:51pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Orbits of inner planets are shown as large circles in this computer-generated snapshot of actual known objects as of July 20, 2002. Green dots represent asteroids in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter. Red dots are asteroids that stray out of the main belt and pose a small but known possible risk of hitting Earth. [PAR] Credit: MPC, CBAT, Harvard CfA, IAU [PAR] Scattered in orbits around the sun are bits and pieces of rock left over from the dawn of the solar system. Most of these objects, called planetoids or asteroids \u2014 meaning \"star-like\" \u2014 orbit between Mars and Jupiter in a grouping known as the Main Asteroid Belt. [PAR] The Main Asteroid Belt lies more than two-and-a-half times as far as Earth does from the sun. It contains billions \u2014 maybe even trillions \u2014 of asteroids . Most of these are relatively small, from the size of boulders to a few thousand feet in diameter. But some are significantly larger. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Early in the life of the solar system , dust and rock circling the sun were pulled together by gravity into planets. But Jupiter , the largest planet, kept a number of the pieces from coalescing into another planet. Instead, its gravity disrupted the formation process, leaving an array of unattached asteroids. [PAR] The Main Belt once contained enough material to form a planet nearly four times as large as Earth. Jupiter's gravity not only stopped the creation of such a planet, it also swept most of the material clear, leaving far too little behind for a planet of any size to form. Indeed, if the entire mass of the Main Belt could somehow create a single body, it would weigh in at less than half of the mass of the moon. [PAR] Other solar systems are thought to contain their own asteroid belts . [PAR] Asteroids, such as Itokawa, pictured here, are thought to be more like piles of rubble loosely clung together, than solid"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Flag of Puerto Rico | District of Puerto Rico The Flag of Puerto Rico | District of Puerto Rico [PAR] The Flag of Puerto Rico [PAR] Puerto Rico Flag [PAR] The Flag of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is rectangular in shape and consists of five alternating horizontal stripes, three red and two white, with an isosceles triangle with a five-pointed white star in the center based on the hoist side. The three red stripes represent the blood that nourishes the three branches of government, the two white stripes represent individual liberty and the rights of man which maintain the balance among the three branches of government. The white star represents the Commonwealth, the blue triangle represents the sky and the ocean, and the three sides of the triangle represent the three branches of the Commonwealth\u2019s republican form of government. The flag\u2019s design is based on the Cuban flag with the red and blue colors inverted. The shade of blue used for the triangle depends on who is asked. One may see flags with the dark blue, such as the flag displayed, a sky blue (\u201cazul celeste\u201d) or royal blue triangle. There is no \u201cofficial\u201d shade of blue. [PAR] There are three versions of the origin of the Flag of Puerto Rico. It appears to be undisputed that the flag was presented on December 22, 1895 at Chimney Hall in New York by Juan de Mata Terreforte, a veteran of the \u201cGrito de Lares,\u201d to a group of 59 Puerto Rican exiles who comprised the Puerto Rican section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Nevertheless, the identity of the person who proposed that the new Flag of Puerto Rico be similar to the Cuban flag with inverted colors is open to question. [PAR] It is said, however, that the true shade of blue of the flag\u2019s triangle is dark (Navy) blue. Red, white and dark blue are characteristic of the republican national colors (flags) in Europe during the 19th century, influenced by the tri-color of the First French Republic. The tri-color was in turn influenced by the colors of the newly established Republic of the United States. The Cuban flag was designed in New York by General Narciso L\u00f3pez for his failed invasion of Cuba in 1851, the purpose of which was to annex Cuba to the United States. The blue on that flag was a dark shade. This first Cuban flag with the dark blue stripes was adopted by the Constitutional Assembly which proclaimed the Armed Republic of Cuba in Camag\u00fcey in 1869. Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed used the same flag as the flag of the Cuban Revolutionary Party in 1892. Eventually, that flag was designated as the official flag of Cuba in 1903. The blue in all those Cuban flags was Navy blue, so it stands to reason that when the flag of Puerto Rico was adopted in 1895 (with the colors of the Cuban flag inverted) the triangle\u2019s shade of blue was dark (Navy). [PAR] Some suggest, based on correspondence between Terreforte and Domingo Collazo, a member of the Club Bor\u00ednquen, affiliated with the Cuban Revolutionary Party, that the idea of inverting the colors of the Cuban flag for the Flag of Puerto Rico came from Francisco Gonzalo (\u201cPach\u00edn\u201d) Mar\u00edn. Others claim that the idea came to Antonio V\u00e9lez-Alvarado, who wrote that \u201cthe colors appeared inverted before my eyes . . . on June 11, 1890 or 1891,\u201d and that it \u201cimmediately it occurred to me that with those colors of the Cuban flag, inverted as I had seen them, the Flag of Puerto Rico could be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jacques Chirac President of France from 1995 - 2007 Jacques Chirac President of France from 1995 - 2007 [PAR] Early political career [PAR] Inspired by General Charles de Gaulle to enter public life, Chirac continued pursuing civil service in the 1950s. He attended Harvard University's summer School before entering the \u00c3\u2030cole Nationale d'Administration (the elite, competitive-entrance college that trains France's top civil servants) in 1957. He earned a graduate degree from the \u00c3\u2030cole Nationale d'Administration and in 1959. [PAR] He then became a civil servant and rose rapidly through the ranks. In April 1962, only three years after having graduated from the \u00c3\u2030cole Nationale d'Administration, Chirac was appointed head of the personal staff of Georges Pompidou, then prime minister under de Gaulle. This appointment launched Chirac's political career. [PAR] Pompidou considered Chirac his prot\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a9 and referred to him as \"my bulldozer\" for his skill at getting things done. The nickname \"Le Bulldozer\" caught on in French political circles. Chirac still maintains this reputation. \"Chirac cuts through the crap and comes straight to the point. ... It's refreshing, although you have to put your seat belt on when you work with him,\" said an anonymous British diplomat in 1995. [1] (http://www.abcnews.go.com/reference/bios/chirac.html) [PAR] At Pompidou's suggestion, Chirac ran as a Gaullist for a seat in the National Assembly in 1967. Chirac won the election and was given a post in the ministry of social affairs. (Gaullists have historically supported a strong central government and independence in foreign policy.) Although more of a \"Pompidolian\" than a \"Gaullist,\" Chirac was well situated in de Gaulle's entourage, being related by marriage to the general's sole companion at the time of the June 1940 Appel. [PAR] Chirac already rose to become economy minister in the late 1960s, serving as department head and a secretary of state. As state secretary at the Ministry of Economy and Finance (1968-71), he had worked closely with Giscard d'Estaing, who had then headed the ministry. In 1968, when student and worker strikes rocked France, Chirac played a central role in negotiating a truce. [PAR] Chirac's first high-level post came in 1972 when he became minister of agriculture and rural development under his mentor Georges Pompidou, who was elected president in 1969. He quickly earned a reputation as a champion of French farmers' interests. As minister of agriculture, Chirac first attracted international attention when he assailed U.S., West German, and European Commission agricultural policies that conflicted with French interests. [PAR] In 1974 Chirac was appointed minister of the interior. As minister of the interior from March 1974 he was entrusted by President Pompidou with preparations for the presidential election then scheduled for 1976. However, these elections were brought forward by Pompidou's sudden death on April 2. In 1974 former minister of economy and finance Val\u00c3\u00a9ry Giscard d'Estaing, a non-Gaullist centrist, was elected Pompidou's successor amid France's most competitive election campaign in years. [PAR] Prime minister, 1974-76 [PAR] On May 29, 1974 Chirac (left) replaced Pierre Messmer (right) as prime minister on the steps of the H\u00c3\u00b4tel Matignon.When Giscard became president, Chirac was nominated as prime minister by Giscard on May 27, 1974. At the age of just 41, Chirac stood out as the very model of the jeunes loups (\"young wolves\") of French political life. [PAR] However, the government could not afford to ignore the narrow margin by which Giscard d'Estaing had defeated the United Left candidate, Fran\u00c3\u00a7ois Mitterrand in 1974. Giscard, not himself a member of the Gaullist Union des D\u00c3\u00a9mocrates pour la R\u00c3\u00a9publique (UDR), saw in the essentially pragmatic Chirac the qualities needed to reconcile the \"Giscardian\" and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prominence | definition of prominence by Medical dictionary Prominence | definition of prominence by Medical dictionary [PAR] Prominence | definition of prominence by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prominence [PAR] [prom\u00b4\u012d-nens] [PAR] a protrusion or projection. [PAR] frontonasal prominence an expansive facial process in the embryo that develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose; called also frontonasal process . [PAR] laryngeal prominence a subcutaneous prominence at the front of the throat produced by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx; popularly known as Adam's apple . [PAR] mandibular prominence the ventral prominence formed by bifurcation of the first branchial arch (mandibular arch) in the embryo, which unites ventrally with its fellow to form the lower jaw; called also mandibular process . [PAR] maxillary prominence the dorsal process formed by bifurcation of the first branchial arch (mandibular arch) in the embryo, which joins with the ipsilateral median nasal process in the formation of the upper jaw. Called also maxillary process . [PAR] prom\u00b7i\u00b7nence [PAR] prominence [PAR] /prom\u00b7i\u00b7nence/ (prom\u00b4\u012d-nins) a protrusion or projection. [PAR] frontonasal prominence frontonasal process ; an expansive facial process in the embryo that develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose. [PAR] laryngeal prominence Adam's apple ; a subcutaneous prominence on the front of the neck produced by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. [PAR] mandibular prominence mandibular process ; the ventral prominence formed by bifurcation of the mandibular (first pharyngeal) arch in the embryo, which unites ventrally with its fellow to form the lower jaw. [PAR] maxillary prominence maxillary process ; the dorsal prominence formed by bifurcation of the mandibular (first pharyngeal) arch in the embryo, which joins with the ipsilateral medial nasal prominence in the formation of the upper jaw. [PAR] nasal prominence, lateral the more lateral of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped elevation in the future nasal region of the embryo; it participates in formation of the side and wing of the nose. [PAR] nasal prominence, medial the more central of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped elevation in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw. [PAR] prominence"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Renaming Persia - Persians Are Not Arabs Renaming Persia [PAR] Renaming Persia [PAR] Persians Are Not Arabs Persians Are Not Arabs [PAR] we explain the difference [PAR] Persian New Year Persian New Year [PAR] Read More [PAR] Renaming Persia [PAR] Persia, What\u2019s in a name? [PAR] The name Persia is actually a Latin derivation used mainly by Westerners to describe the region roughly equivalent to that of present day Iran . [PAR] In truth during the rise and fall of the Persian Empire the land was known to its people as 'Aryanam', which is equated to the current \u201c Iran \u201d in the proto - Iranian language . [PAR] During the reign of the Sassanids it became Eran \u2013 meaning \"land of the Aryans\". [PAR] [PAR] Aryan: [PAR] Aryan by definition meant anyone speaking any of the Indo-European languages, including that of the Iranians . [PAR] Unfortunately, with the rise of Hitler in the 1930\u2019s, \"Aryan\" came to be associated with the Nazi definition: being of Non-Jewish Caucasian descent, especially the blue eyed, blond haired Nordic races that Hitler himself favored and hoped to make a master race. [PAR] [PAR] Iran VS Persia: [PAR] In fact, in 1935, Dr Hjalmar Schacht, the Nazi Economics minister noted the Aryan origin of the Persians and encouraged the Persian Reza Shah Pahlavi to ask foreign delegates to use the term Iran, \"land of Aryans\" instead of Persia. [PAR] As the New York Times explained at the time, \"At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year , March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the official name of the country. [PAR] Defenders of the name change, point to its use by the Greek historians citing that \"Aryan\" means \"noble\". [PAR] Many also felt that calling something or someone Persian was dated and somewhat restrictive. [PAR] There was a need to unify the people of this land under one nation, Iran , thus encompassing the other ethnicities, such as the Kurds or Turks, residing in former Persia . [PAR] In its decision it was influenced by the Nazi revival of interest in the various Aryan races, cradled in ancient Persia . [PAR] As the Ministry of Foreign Affairs set forth in its memorandum on the subject, 'Perse,' the French designation of Persia, connoted the weakness and tottering independence of the country in the nineteenth century, when it was the chessboard of European imperialistic rivalry. [PAR] conjured up memories of the vigor and splendor of its historic past.\" [PAR] [PAR] Name Change [PAR] This change however, [PAR] evoked much opposition and confusion as Persians felt that the term damaged their cultural heritage and aligned them with pro Nazi sentiment. [PAR] Additionally, [PAR] all too often Iran was confused with their neighboring Arab state of Iraq, so much that during World War II, Winston Churchill called to enforce continuation of the term of Persia when dealing with political documentation. [PAR] Even today, in an effort to separate themselves, those opposed to the current government in Iran continue to refer to themselves as Persian . [PAR] In 1959, the work of Professor Ehsan Yarshater, editor of Encyclopedia Iranica, [PAR] propagated a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably which was approved by Mohammad Reza Shah. [PAR] Share :"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Football Facts & Stats | UEFA Club Competitions My Football Facts & Stats | UEFA Club Competitions [PAR] Chart detailing every club who has reached the [PAR] Semi-Finals in every major UEFA club competition [PAR] from 1955-56 to 2015-16. [PAR] The tournament was inaugurated in 1955, at the suggestion of the French sports journalist and editor of L'\u00c9quipe Gabriel Hanot as a continental competition for winners of the European national football leagues, as the European Champion Clubs' Cup, abbreviated to European Cup. The competition began as the 1955-56 using a two-leg knockout format where the teams would play two matches, one at home and one away, and the team with the highest overall score qualifying for the next round of the competition. [PAR] Entry was restricted to the teams that won their national league championships, plus the current European Cup holder. This qualification system continued until 1992. In the 1992\u201393 season, the tournament was renamed UEFA Champions League. In 1997-98, eligibility was expanded to include not just domestic champions but also the best performing runners up according to UEFA's coefficient ranking list. [PAR] Between 1960 and 2004 the winner of the tournament qualified for the now defunct Intercontinental Cup against the winner of the Copa Libertadores of South America . Since then, with FIFA taking over, the winner automatically qualifies for the FIFA Club World Cup with other winners of continental club championships. The 2009-10 Champions League Final was won by Inter Milan who beat Bayern Munich 2-0 in the Madrid. Inter Milan fielded a starting XI without a single Italian player. [PAR] Spanish clubs have now won Europe's top club prize 15 times, Italian clubs 12 times and English clubs 12 times.The 2011 Champions League Final was the 6th to be played at Wembley and the 2012 Final was held at the Allianz Stadium in Munich. [PAR] Wembley again hosted the Champions League Final in 2013 and the 2014 Final took place at the Est\u00e1dio da Luz in Lisbon. [PAR] The UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (also known as the European Cup Winners' Cup) was a football club competition contested annually by the most recent winners of all European domestic cup competitions. [PAR] The first competition was held in the 1960-61 season, and the last in 1998-99. Tottenham Hotspur became the first British club to win a major European trophy when they beat Atletico Madrid in the 1963 Final. [PAR] The competition was then abolished to make way for a further expansion to the UEFA Champions League, with domestic cup winners gaining entry into the UEFA Cup (later, the Europa League). [PAR] The Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was a European football competition played between 1955 and 1971. As the name suggests, the competition was set up to promote international trade fairs. The competition was initially only open to teams from cities that hosted trade fairs and where these teams finished in their national league had no relevance. Early competitions also featured a one city, one team rule. UEFA do not consider the tournament to be an official UEFA contest. [PAR] The UEFA Cup was a football competition for European club teams, organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). It is the second most important international competition for European football clubs, after the UEFA Champions League. [PAR] Clubs qualify for the UEFA Cup based on their performance in national leagues and cup competitions. [PAR] The last ever winners of the UEFA Cup were the Ukrainian club Shahkter Donetsk who beat Germans Werder Bremen. [PAR] UEFA decided to re-name the UEFA Cup the 'UEFA Europa League' from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Us - Voyages-sncf.com About Us - Voyages-sncf.com [PAR] Voyages-sncf.com: About us [PAR] About Voyages-sncf [PAR] Voyages-sncf.com is the official European distribution channel of the French railways (SNCF) for online sales of high-speed and conventional rail travel throughout France and Europe: plan your journeys, book your train tickets and get inspired by our travel guides! [PAR] Voyages-sncf, the digital distributor of SNCF products and services in Europe [PAR] Voyages-sncf has 8 websites in 12 languages, all with mobile versions. Seven countries have their own dedicated site: Germany, Belgium (in French, Dutch and English), Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and Switzerland (in French, German and English). The 8th website is in English and is aimed at all other European customers, using the Euro as its sole currency. [PAR] European rail experts to serve our customers [PAR] Local expertise: each country has its own dedicated team as well as a. multilingual aftersales service. [PAR] A complete range of products and services for travelling in Europe [PAR] Our full range of rail products and services, including trains operating in France (TGV, iDTGV, Intercit\u00e9s, etc) and international rail operators (Thalys, Eurostar, Elipsos, TGV Lyria, TGV France Italy, TGV France Spain, CityNightLine, Italo), brings you high-speed travel options throughout Europe. [PAR] Our first priority is to keep internet users up-to-date about the latest offers and rail news, but we also have a range of associated services (secure payment, payment by PayPal, e-ticket, mobile app) to simplify train travel in Europe. Don't forget to use our best fare finder to find the lowest prices for more than 200 journeys three months in advance. [PAR] The Voyages-sncf.com group [PAR] Voyages-sncf.com Group in Europe is a major tourism expert in the distribution of European train journeys and the destination France. One third of it's 650 employees is dedicated to the development of the European and websites. With a sales revenue of 3,6 billion euros, its business volume grew significantly in 2012 with 7%. [PAR] The Voyages-sncf.com group aims to be Europe's n\u00ba 1 rail operator and a major international group. [PAR] This new dimension responds to the liberalisation of European markets, developments in consumer practices and the influence of the key digital players who are transforming the e-tourism market. [PAR] In response to today's rail distribution challenges and new purchasing habits, Voyages-sncf.com now has a powerful, flexible network of 13 websites, multilingual mobile apps, 4 shops and an integrated call centre to meet the needs of its European customers. [PAR] [PAR] It covers more than 30 countries via websites dedicated to the travel industry - and a network of more than 15,000 accredited travel agents and tour operator partners to distribute its rail products in Europe - as well as websites for individuals, multi-linguistic applications, 4 dedicated shops (Cologne, Geneva, Milan and Aachen) and an integrated call center service. [PAR] Voyages-sncf.com also has a series of dedicated websites for travel professionals, thus providing over 15,000 approved travel agencies and tour operators with the means to distribute its rail products in Europe, Supported by ticket offices and boutiques in Brussels, Cologne, Geneva, London, Milan and Madrid. [PAR] As of today, Voyages-sncf.com works hard to simplify rail travel in Europe, with a dual focus on innovation and customer service. [PAR] SNCF: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Chemins de fer Fran\u00e7ais [The French National Railway Operator] [PAR] The SNCF (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Chemins de fer Fran\u00e7ais) Group has a turnover of \u20ac32.6 million, a presence in 120 countries and 245,000 employees. It is a world leader in people transport, freight transport and logistics. [PAR] The SNCF group offers a complete range"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of British Comics The History of British Comics [PAR] Published: 07 April 2016 [PAR] Hits: 4344 [PAR] It is generally agreed that Funny Folks (1874 - 1894) became the first publication to meet the accepted definition of a comic. Funny Folks began as a supplement to the Weekly Budget. Its popularity led to it being published as a separate weekly paper. The success of Funny Folks encouraged the publication of other weekly comics. One such comic was the famous Victorian comic, Ally Sloper\u2019s Half Holiday (1884 - 1916). Ally Sloper\u2019s Half Holiday was the inspiration of the engraver and publisher, Gilbert Dalziel. Ally Sloper had a characteristic red nose, battered top hat and he was usually drunk. Ally Sloper is notably the first ever comic strip hero and undoubtedly laid the foundations for the likes of Chubblock Homes -(Comic Cuts), Weary Willie and Tired Tim - (Illustrated Chips), Roy of the Rovers - (Tiger), Desperate Dan - (The Dandy), Dan Dare - (The Eagle) and more recently Judge Dredd - (2000AD). These are but a few names from the canon of British Comic heroes [PAR] The late 1890\u2019s saw an explosion in comic publishing. Alfred Harmsworth \u2019s Comic Cuts (1890 - 1953) cost just half a penny, which was half the cost of its contemporaries. Comic Cuts soon had competition from rival publishers with titles such as Funny Cuts (1890 - 1920). Harmsworths response was to bring out further titles of his own including Illustrated Chips. Although these publications were classed as comics, they were primarily aimed at and published for an adult audience. Comics for young children (Nursery Comics) didn\u2019t start being published until the early years of the twentieth century. Rainbow (1914 - 1956) is generally accepted as the first children\u2019s comic although Puck (1904 - 1940) did have a junior section after issue eleven and gradually became a children\u2019s comic. [PAR] The 1930\u2019s are known as the Golden age of comics. The Golden age saw the appearance of comics like Tiny Tots (1927 - 1959), Crackers (1929 - 1941), The Dandy (1937 - Present) and The Beano (1938 - Present). Both the Beano and the Dandy appeared just prior to the outbreak of the 2nd World War and their timing can be considered fortunate because paper shortages led to laws prohibiting the launching of new comics during the war years. The Beano and Dandy became a vanguard of a new era with the introduction of a new size and style of comic artistry, which included the introduction of speech bubbles in some of the stories.Puck was the first comic to print a s substantial number of its pages in colour but it wasn\u2019t until Mickey Mouse Weekly (1936 - 1955) that a comic was published completely in full colour photogravure. Photogravure is a picture produced from a photographic negative and transferred to a metal plate where it is etched on. [PAR] The 1950\u2019s is known as the Silver Age and it saw the appearance of a more sophisticated type of comic epitomised by the Eagle (1950 - 1969) with its hero Dan Dare. The silver age comics were post war publications and gone were the paper shortages of the war years, these comics were printed on a better quality paper with full photogravure.The success of the two DC Thomson titles (Beano and Dandy) led Thomson\u2019s rivals, The Amalgamated Press, to launch two of their own rival comics namely Radio Fun (1938 - 1961) and Knockout (1939 -1963). Although The Beano and Dandy are still continuing to be published, Radio Fun and Knockout ended"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Friedland in the Napoleonic Wars Battle of Friedland in the Napoleonic Wars [PAR] \u2022General Levin August, Count von Bennigsen [PAR] 76,000 men [PAR] Battle of Friedland: Background: [PAR] With the beginning of the War of the Fourth Coalition in 1806, Napoleon advanced against Prussia and won stunning victories at Jena and Auerstadt. Having brought Prussia to heel, the French pushed into Poland with the goal inflicting a similar defeat on the Russians. Following a series of minor actions, Napoleon elected to enter winter quarters to give his men a chance to recover from the campaigning season. Opposing the French were Russian forces led by General Count von Bennigsen. Seeing an opportunity to strike at the French, he began moving against the isolated corps of Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte . [PAR] Sensing a chance to cripple the Russians, Napoleon ordered Bernadotte to fall back while he moved with the main army to cut off the Russians. [PAR] Slowly drawing Bennigsen into his trap, Napoleon was foiled when a copy of his plan was captured by the Russians. Pursuing Bennigsen, the French army became spread over the countryside. On February 7, the Russians turned to make a stand near Eylau. In the resulting Battle of Eylau , the French were checked by Bennigsen on February 7-8, 1807. Departing the field, the Russians retreated north and both sides moved into winter quarters. [PAR] Moving to Friedland: [PAR] Renewing the campaign that spring, Napoleon moved against the Russian position at Heilsberg. Having taken a strong defensive stance, Bennigsen repelled several French assaults on June 10, inflicting over 10,000 casualties. Though his lines had held, Bennigsen elected to fall back again, this time towards Friedland. On June 13, Russian cavalry, under General Dmitry Golitsyn, cleared the area around Friedland of French outposts. This done, Bennigsen crossed the Alle River and occupied the town. Situated on the west bank of the Alle, Friedland occupied a finger of land between the river and a mill stream ( Map ). [PAR] The Battle of Friedland Begins: [PAR] Pursuing the Russians, Napoleon's army advanced over several routes in multiple columns. The first to arrive in the vicinity of Friedland was that Marshal Jean Lannes. Encountering Russian troops west of Friedland a few hours after midnight on June 14, the French deployed and fighting began in the Sortlack Wood and in front of the village of Posthenen. As the engagement grew in scope, both sides began racing to extend their lines north to Heinrichsdorf. This contest was won by the French when cavalry led by the Marquis de Grouchy occupied the village. [PAR] Pushing men over the river, Bennigsen's forces had swollen to around 50,000 by 6:00 AM. While his troops were exerting pressure on Lannes, he deployed his men from the Heinrichsdorf-Friedland Road south to the upper bends of the Alle. Additional troops pushed north as far as Schwonau, while reserve cavalry moved into position to support the growing battle in the Sortlack Wood. As the morning progressed, Lannes struggled to hold his position. He was soon aided by the arrival of Marshal Edouard Mortier's VIII Corps which approached Heinrichsdorf and swept the Russians out of Schwonau ( Map ). [PAR] By midday, Napoleon had arrived on the field with reinforcements. Ordering Marshal Michel Ney 's VI Corps to assume a position south of Lannes, these troops formed between Posthenen and Sortlack Wood. While Mortier and Grouchy formed the French left, Marshal Claude Victor-Perrin's I Corps and the Imperial Guard moved into a reserve position west of Posthenen. Covering his movements with artillery, Napoleon finished forming"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australian Open 2014: Laura Robson & Heather ... - BBC Sport Australian Open 2014: Laura Robson & Heather Watson beaten - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] Australian Open 2014: Laura Robson & Heather Watson beaten [PAR] By Piers Newbery [PAR] BBC Sport at Melbourne Park [PAR] 13 Jan 2014 [PAR] 13-26 January [PAR] Coverage: [PAR] Daily live radio and text coverage on BBC Radio 5 live, BBC Sport website, mobiles and BBC Sport app; Watch the finals live on BBC TV [PAR] Laura Robson and Heather Watson were beaten as British interest in the women's singles ended swiftly at the Australian Open. [PAR] Both players took on higher-ranked opposition in the first round, but the manner of their defeats differed sharply. [PAR] Robson spent just 50 minutes on court in a 6-3 6-0 thrashing by 18th seed Kirsten Flipkens - the Briton's first full match of the season following a wrist injury. [PAR] Analysis [PAR] This was a hugely dispiriting defeat for Laura Robson, who says her left wrist will need further treatment before her next tournament in Paris in two weeks' time. The British number one was horribly rusty and made 32 unforced errors in just 50 minutes: a legacy of playing her first full match since early October. [PAR] Heather Watson will be very frustrated to have lost a tight first-round match after battling through three rounds of qualifying, but she looks like her pre-glandular fever self, and in time should be confident of returning to the world's top 50. [PAR] Watson, in contrast, kept 31st seed Daniela Hantuchova occupied for two hours and 34 minutes before going down 7-5 3-6 6-3 to the Slovakian. [PAR] With both Robson and Watson scheduled among the opening matches, it took less than three hours for Andy Murray to be left as the lone Briton in singles competition. [PAR] Robson, who turns 20 next week, arrived in Melbourne with a wrist injury but said before the match that it was no longer causing her any pain. [PAR] A lack of match sharpness was certainly clear from the outset on Court Three, as she opened with four straight errors to drop serve and lost the first nine points in a row. [PAR] There was a big cheer for the Australian-born Robson when she finally got on the board but Flipkens, a Wimbledon semi-finalist last year, was much the stronger. [PAR] Robson simply could not find her range and racked up 32 errors to her opponent's four as she lost eight straight games and became the first player to go out of the tournament. [PAR] \"It was up and down the whole time, and I don't think I ever really got into a rhythm at all,\" said Robson. [PAR] \"I wasn't really able to deal with her slice that well. It just didn't go well. I definitely expected to play better, but it happens. [PAR] \"And I didn't really have any expectations going in because I didn't know what it was going to be like out there.\" [PAR] While Robson trooped unhappily back to the locker room, Watson was only just getting going on the nearby Court Two against Hantuchova. [PAR] The 21-year-old from Guernsey, who came through three rounds of qualifying, recovered an early break in the first set but double-faulted facing a fourth break point at 5-5, and smacked her racquet in frustration. [PAR] Hantuchova's heavier, flatter hitting had just given her the edge in the first set but Watson began to step in and attack the returns in the second, breaking twice to force a decider. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Species of Deer Has Antlers on Both Male & Female ... What Species of Deer Has Antlers on Both Male & Female? | eHow [PAR] What Species of Deer Has Antlers on Both Male & Female? [PAR] \ue076 Email [PAR] Save [PAR] Although there are several species of deer, only the reindeer and caribou are species where both males and females have antlers. Caribou males and reindeer males start growing their antlers in February, whereas the females start regrowing theirs in May. Unlike horns, which are permanent, antlers shed once a year. Many species of animals look like deer and look like they have antlers. However, species such as the gazelle have horns instead of antlers. [PAR] Caribou [PAR] Although reindeer and caribou are the same species, caribou are wild and larger than reindeer. Male caribou antlers reach 51 inches tall, whereas female antlers reach a length of about 20 inches, but can be smaller. Although both male and female caribou finish growing their antlers at the same time of year, they shed them at different times of the year. Males shed their antlers in November; however, females shed their antlers after winter at the start of the birthing season in May. [PAR] Caribou are native to Europe, Asia, North America and Greenland. [PAR] Reindeer [PAR] Reindeer antlers are smaller than the antlers of caribou but are still large. Male reindeer antlers are at least 20 inches but are rarely larger than 50 inches. Female reindeer antlers can be as small as half the size of males and are rarely larger than 20 inches. Just like the caribou, reindeer males shed their antlers before winter and females shed theirs in the spring. Reindeer live in northern hemispheres such as Scandinavia, arctic North America and Greenland where they are herded domestically for food and resources as well as to pull sleds. [PAR] More About Caribou and Reindeer [PAR] Caribou and reindeer grow to 4 to 7 feet at the shoulder and can weigh up to 700 pounds. Like all deer, caribou and reindeer are herbivores, so when grass is hidden by snow, they eat lichens and moss over the winter as a food source. [PAR] What Antlers Are Used For [PAR] In other species of antler-bearing animals such as the white-tailed deer, only the male produces antlers to use for mating rights, like the caribou and reindeer do. However, female deer species do not fight for mating rights because they depend on speed and agility to outrun predators and dart into brush. In contrast, female caribou and reindeer use their antlers for protection from predators such as grizzly bears, wolves and eagles that feed on caribou young."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] October 11-20 - Rightreading.com October 11-20 [PAR] October 11 [PAR] 1917: Virginia Woolf records her impressions of Katherine Mansfield: \"I'm a little shocked by her commonness at first sight; lines so hard and cheap. However, when this diminishes, she is so intelligent and inscrutable that she repays friendship.\" [PAR] 1921: Aaron Copland to his parents: [PAR] 207 Bd. Raspail [PAR] Paris [PAR] Dear Ma & Pa, -- [PAR] I really ought to be sending you a cablegram with this wonderful news, but I was afraid it would scare you. Just think, I have just sold my first composition. Let me catch my breath and tell you the whole story. I wrote you that M. Durand, the biggest publisher in Paris, had promised to publish a piece of mine called \"The Cat and the Mouse\" after he had heard me play it at Fontainebleau. Well, I have just been to see him at his office here and have sold him the piece outright for 500 francs. I signed a contract with him and he has promise to have the piece ready in about 2 or 3 weeks, at which time I will send you a copy. Try to remember that in pre-war times, 500 francs was equal to $100. which is an extraordinary price to pay a young, unknown composer for a little piece of 5 pages. Then Durand is a very well-known publisher all over the world, so it gives one a reputation merely to be published by him. A great deal of the credit is due to Fontainebleau and the school as I could never have accomplished so much in so short a time without all that influence helping me. What will Goldmark and Adler have to say when I send them copies? Its too bad I am not able to play the piece for you, but you'll have to wait until I get home, unless some one plays it in N.Y. by some wild chance. Of course, this is only a beginning. One doesn't get exactly famous simply because he has written one piece which is printed. But it is a start. And the 500 francs tickles me silly, even if it isn't a fortune. [PAR] 1939: President Franklin D. Roosevelt is presented with a letter signed by Albert Einstein urging the United States to rapidly develop an atomic bomb program. [PAR] 1976: The Gang of Four--Mao's widow, Jiang Qing, and three others--are arrested in China and charged with plotting a coup. [PAR] [PAR] top [PAR] 1492: Christopher Columbus sights Guanahani ( Plana Cays? ) Island in the Bahamas. ( The theory popularized by Samuel E. Morison and others that Guanahani Island is current Watling island no longer receives the support it once did.) This is bad news for the Bahamans, all of whom will be exterminated (despite the paternalistic entry in Columbus's log, in which he indicates that the Spanish will be \"gentle\": \"As I saw that they were friendly to us, and perceived that they could be much more easily converted to our holy faith by gentle means than by force, I presented them with some red caps, and strings of beads to wear upon the neck, and many other trifles of small value, wherewith they were much delighted and became wonderfully attached to us\"). The day is celebrated in the US (on the second Monday of the month) as Columbus Day, so proclaimed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968 (the year of the My Lai massacre, the riots at the Democratic National Convention, and the assassination of Martin Kuther King), but some"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polyhydramnios - NHS Choices Polyhydramnios - NHS Choices [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Polyhydramnios is a common complication of pregnancy, where there's an excessive amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn baby (foetus). [PAR] An abnormal amount of fluid (whether increased or reduced) might be suspected by your healthcare professional after 30 weeks of pregnancy, during one of your antenatal appointments , and should be monitored and investigated. [PAR] The cause of polyhydramnios is often unknown, but sometimes indicates a problem with the baby's development (see What are the causes? , below). However, most women with polyhydramnios give birth to healthy babies. [PAR] If you're pregnant and notice your belly is getting large very quickly (acute polyhydramnios), contact your doctor or midwife. It's rare for it to happen suddenly, but it can indicate an abnormality with the foetus and increases your risk of giving birth prematurely . [PAR] This page covers: [PAR] How is it investigated and managed? [PAR] How is polyhydramnios diagnosed? [PAR] In most women with polyhydramnios, the excess fluid builds up slowly. After 30 weeks of pregnancy, this excess fluid should be noticeable and picked up by your GP, midwife or obstetrician during one of your antenatal appointments . [PAR] In rare cases, when polyhydramnios develops very quickly, the excess fluid may be apparent earlier in pregnancy, or might be noted at the time of the detailed scan at 18-22 weeks. [PAR] If increased amniotic fluid is suspected, you may be referred for an ultrasound scan , so that the depth of the amniotic fluid surrounding the foetus can be measured. [PAR] What are the causes? [PAR] Often, no cause can be found for polyhydramnios. However, it can be associated with any of the following: [PAR] The mother carrying twins (read about giving birth to twins ). [PAR] The mother having diabetes, including gestational diabetes (pregnancy-related diabetes). Sometimes, if diabetes is the cause, the baby will be larger than expected for its stage of development. [PAR] A blockage in part of the baby's gut (a condition called gut atresia), which prevents them absorbing the usual amount of amniotic fluid. A gut atresia would often require an operation after the baby's birth (read more about gut atresia in babies ). [PAR] The mother having rhesus disease , where antibodies in the mother's blood cross the placenta, sometimes causing anaemia in the foetus. [PAR] A growth of blood vessels on the placenta, called a chorioangioma. [PAR] A build-up of fluid in specific areas of the baby's body, such as the abdomen and chest cavity, called hydrops fetalis. [PAR] A genetic problem with the foetus. [PAR] What associated risks should I be aware of? [PAR] Having polyhydramnios means there's a slightly higher risk of your unborn baby having a birth defect, especially if the fluid build-up is severe. You should discuss with your healthcare professionals any other problems that the extra fluid could be linked to. [PAR] However, don't panic \u2013 the vast majority of women with polyhydramnios give birth to healthy babies. [PAR] Your labour may be affected in the following ways: [PAR] You may go into premature labour because of the additional pressure stretching the womb. [PAR] Your baby may be in the wrong position and you may need a caesarean section . [PAR] If your baby is in the wrong position, the umbilical cord may slip down into the birth canal when the membranes rupture (read more about a prolapsed umbilical cord ). [PAR] You may have an increased risk of bleeding after delivery. [PAR] How is it investigated and managed? [PAR] Most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Q (Literary) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Q (Literary) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Trigger Mortis [PAR] Major Boothroyd is the British Secret Service armourer introduced in Ian Fleming 's sixth James Bond novel, Dr. No . The character is the origin of the James Bond film character Q (standing for Quartermaster); the head of Q Branch , the fictional research and development division of the Service. [PAR] Novel biography [PAR] At the beginning of Dr. No , M calls Major Boothroyd the best armourer in the world. Q is called into M's office to present him and James Bond with alternatives to Bond's Beretta 418 pistol, whose stalled drawing time led to Bond's poisoning by Rosa Klebb at the end of From Russia with Love . He calls the Beretta a \"ladies gun\" and suggests other weapons such as the Tokarev TT-33 before finally settling on the Walther PPK , which is approved by M. [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] The origin of the Q character is rather complicated. In the Fleming novels there are frequent references to 'Q branch', a division of the British Secret Service which provides equipment to field operatives. There is a reference to Q in Chapter 3 of Casino Royale , the first Bond book, when M says to Bond: \"Go over a few days before the big game starts and get your hand in. Have a talk to Q. about rooms and trains, and any equipment you want.\" There is a similar reference in the following novel, Live and Let Die . However, this appears to be an abbreviation for Q Branch rather than the codename for a particular individual. [PAR] In the sixth novel, Dr. No , the service armourer Q appears for the first time. Fleming named the character after Geoffrey Boothroyd, a firearms expert who lived in Glasgow, Scotland. He had written to the novelist suggesting that Bond was not using the best firearms available; criticizing in particular Bond's use of the Beretta 418 pistol. Grateful for the advice, Fleming phased out the Beretta and wrote the character of Boothroyd into the subsequent novel. Boothroyd is also referenced occasionally in the Bond novels of John Gardner , but the author preferred instead to focus on a new character, Q'ute ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] xerophagy | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary xerophagy | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] fasting by eating only dry food [PAR] Collins English Dictionary. Copyright \u00a9 HarperCollins Publishers[DOC] [TLE] Xerophagy - definition of xerophagy by The Free Dictionary Xerophagy - definition of xerophagy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Xerophagy - definition of xerophagy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/xerophagy [PAR] Also found in: Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] xerophagy [PAR] (Ecclesiastical Terms) fasting by eating only dry food [PAR] xerophagia, xerophagy [PAR] 1. fasting for religious or other purposes. [PAR] 2. the act or custom of eating only dry food or a very light diet. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] xerophagia [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] My personal xerophagy * always, but always, comes to an end that Sunday in a pub called the Black Bull in Coniston where they serve the finest premium lagers known to mankind. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coca-Cola Polar Bears - Cartoon characters Wiki - Wikia Coca-Cola Polar Bears | Cartoon characters Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Coca-Cola Polar Bears in \"Northern Lights\" [PAR] The Coca-Cola Polar Bears are the mascots of the soft drink, Coca-Cola. Polar Bears first started to appear on Coca-Cola products in 1922 in France. Since then the polar bears have appeared in many Coca-Cola advertisements. Back then however the Coca-Cola polar bear was simply a picture of a polar bear on Coke advertisements. It wasn't until the commercial \"Northern Lights\" was made in 1993 that the animated polar bears we all know and love were first seen. \"Northern Lights\" features several animated polar bears watching the Aurora Borealis and drinking some Coca-Cola. Since 1993 the bears have appeared in a variety of commercial and Coca-Cola advertisements. Later polar bear cubs were introduced as well in a holiday ad in which a family of polar bear picks out a tree for Christmas.[DOC] [TLE] First Coca-Cola Polar Bear Commercial Turns 20: The Coca ... First Coca-Cola Polar Bear Commercial Turns 20: The Coca-Cola Company [PAR] Believe it or not, the first-ever TV ad featuring the beloved [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] polar bears \u2014 who were inducted into the Madison Avenue Advertising Walk of Fame in 2011 and recently landed starring roles in a Ridley Scott-directed mini movie \u2014 turned 20 in 2013. [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] \u2019s first polar bear print ad appeared in France in 1922, and the cuddly creatures were used sporadically over the next 70 years. In 1993, the icons made their TV debut as part of the global \u201cAlways [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] \u201d campaign. Creator Ken Stewart initially got the idea for the groundbreaking commercial called \u201cNorthern Lights\u201d from his Labrador Retriever, which reminded him of a polar bear as a cute, fluffy puppy. In the ad, the polar bears watch the aurora borealis (the Northern Lights) and drink [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] . [PAR] Stewart enlisted the help of Los Angeles-based Rhythm & Hues to animate the ad using what was considered at the time to be state-of-the-art computer graphics. Using storyboards by illustrator Eugene Yelchin, Stewart and the Creative Artists Agency (CAA), Rhythm & Hues created pencil sketches of the bears. Next, the team studied films and photos of polar bears to understand how they move their heads, bodies and limbs. [PAR] A sculptor then created a 3D clay model of the bear's head, which was digitized and stored in advanced computer graphics software. An animator plotted points along the body of the model until a schematic of the bear appeared on screen. Once the image was refined and loaded to memory, the bear could move. Other elements \u2014 such as [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] bottles \u2014 were scanned and introduced to the storyline. Once the bears' basic movements were completed, the rest of the picture was refined. Fur was added, eyes were completed, background was \"painted in\" and lighting details were fine-tuned. [PAR] The polar bears were an immediate hit with viewers and made encore appearances in two spots during the 1994 Olympic Games, in which the bears slid down a luge and soared off a ski jump. Bear cubs were later introduced in a holiday ad. [PAR] We recently caught up with Todd Shifflett , a visual effects supervisor at Rhythm & Hues who has worked on several hit animated movies, including Snow White and the Huntsman, Happy Feet and Babe. He was assigned to \u201cNorthern Lights\u201d as a digital artist shortly after joining the Rhythm & Hues team. [PAR] The world of computer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seto Sea, the Inland Sea of Japan History & Facts Seto Sea, the Inland Sea of Japan History & Facts - [PAR] View Larger Map [PAR] Known as the Seto Sea, the Inland Sea of Japan is the body of water which separates the three main islands of the country, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. Not only does it serve as an international waterway that connects the Sea of Japan to the Pacific Ocean, it is a valuable sea transport to industrial parts in the Kansai region because of its connection to Osaka Bay. The waterway runs from east to west in about 450 km and has a width of 15 to 55 km from south to north. An approximate of 3,000 islands can be found here separated by the eastern, central, and western parts. [PAR] The Inland sea is a rich well of biodiversity with more than 500 marine species inhabiting its waters. Just some of the popular faunas are the ayu, the finless porpoise, horseshoe crabs, and even great white sharks. When it comes to industry, the Inland sea is considered as a very productive section in modern Japan. The primary industries surrounding its waters are from the cities of Kurashiki, Fukuyama, Ube, and Kobe. Tourism helps the area because of the mixture of the sea\u2019s refreshing mix with Japan\u2019s climate and picturesque landscape. [PAR] The coastal area of the sea, in particular, is one very popular choice for tourists whenever they visit Japan because of the unique beauty of its waters. The length of the coastal area named Setonaikai National Park, considered as one of the oldest parks in the country. The Itsukushima Shrine also found in the area of Inland sea is a member of UNESCO\u2019s list of Heritage Sites around the world. More famous tourist centers are Kyoto and Tokyo with their appealing metropolitan structures and Shodoshima, also known as the \u201cisland of olives\u201d. [PAR] Leave a Reply"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cyprus national flower | My Flower's Blog Cyprus national flower | My Flower's Blog [PAR] The national flower is lilium bosinacune. [PAR] LILIUM [PAR] It has bulbs 6-7 cm in diameter. The flowers form racemes that contains six flowers or more with no fragrance. Flowering in July. [PAR] BULGARIA [PAR] National flower is the rose . [PAR] CROATIA [PAR] National flower is the iris. [PAR] IRIS [PAR] It takes its name from a Greek word that means rainbow. Are perennial herbs, growing from rhizomes, on drier climate, from bulbs. They have long erect flowering stems. The three sepals expand from their narrow base. [PAR] CYPRUS [PAR] The national flower is the cyclamen. [PAR] CYCLAMEN [PAR] This flower can grow and bloom on a rock because of its strength and its capability to [PAR] survive. Are perennial herbaceous plants with underground tuber which produce leaves in late winter and flowering in autumn. [PAR] CZECH REPUBLIC [PAR] National flower is the rose . [PAR] DENMARK [PAR] The national flower is the red clover. [PAR] RED CLOVER [PAR] The red clover grows up to 16 inches, with a hairy upright stem. The leaves are made up of three oval leaflets with a white V mark in the center,call chevron. [PAR] ESTONIA [PAR] The national flower is the cornflower . [PAR] CORNFLOWER [PAR] The cornflower has grown in Estonia soil for more than 10.000 years. The plant grows in dry fields ,creating a strong connection in the minds of Estonians. [PAR] FINLAND [PAR] The national flower is the Lilly of the valley. [PAR] LILLY OF THE VALLEY [PAR] This flower is known for its sweet and strong smell. Is considered as a symbol of love and purity. [PAR] FRANCE [PAR] The national flower is the fleur de lys. [PAR] FLEUR DE LYS [PAR] The water iris is the march plant for excellence , whose bright yellow large flowers blooms from June to September. The flag of the kings of France has three of this iris. [PAR] GEORGIA [PAR] We couldn\u00b4t find an official flower . [PAR] GERMANY[DOC] [TLE] Flora of North Cyprus - CYPNET Flora of North Cyprus [PAR] Crocus Veneris [var. Cyprium] (Cyprus or Autumn Crocus) [PAR] [PAR] Cyclamen Cyprium (Cyprus or Autumn Cyclamen) [PAR] [PAR] Tulipa Cypria (Cyprus or Black Tulip) [PAR] [PAR] Helianthemum Obtusifolium (Yellow Cyprus Sun Rose)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Potassium - EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements Potassium - EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements [PAR] POTASSIUM [PAR] Relative atomic mass: [PAR] 39.0983(1) [PAR] Potassium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy (GB) in 1807. The origin of the name comes from the Arabic word qali meaning alkali (the origin of the symbol K comes from the Latin word kalium). It is a soft, waxy, silver-white metal. Fresh surfaces have a silvery sheen. Potassium quickly forms dull oxide coating on exposure to air. It reacts strongly with water and gives off a flammable gas. It also reacts violently with oxidants. Potasium occurs only in compounds. Potassium is found in minerals like carnallite [(KMgCl3).6H2O] and sylvite (KCl). Pure metal is produced by the reaction of hot potassium chloride and sodium vapours in a special retort. Pottasium is used as potash in making glass and soap and as saltpetre, potassium nitrate (KNO3) to make explosives and to colour fireworks in mauve. Potassium ions are vital to function of nerve and muscle tissues. The price of 90.2 % pure potassium metal is 90.20 \u0080 for 5 g. [PAR] PHYSICAL PROPERTIES"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Controversial Play - PBS American Experience | Eugene O'Neill | A Controversial Play | PBS [PAR] A Controversial Play [PAR] Flash MX plugin required. Download the free Flash plugin from Macromedia's Web site. Non-Flash version [PAR] Please tell us what you think about A Controversial Play. [PAR] By 1924 Eugene O'Neill had penned over two dozen plays, garnering two Pulitzer Prizes and recognition as a major playwright . For a new play about an interracial marriage, O'Neill looked to a black spiritual for his title: \"All God's Chillun Got Wings.\" Even before it premiered in a small New York theater in May 1924, the play caused controversy, because it depicted a relationship between a white woman and a black man. [PAR] O'Neill turned to a dynamic young African American actor, Paul Robeson, for the male lead. A college valedictorian and football star, Robeson had trained as a lawyer, but a love of public speaking drew him into acting. His dynamic presence and powerful singing voice would make him a star on stage and screen in the years to come. [PAR] In his later work, O'Neill would draw on his own family experience, but with \"All God's Chillun Got Wings\" he explored contemporary society. Learn more about this rarely performed play and why a depiction of physical affection between a white woman and an African American man caused such uproar in 1920s America. [PAR] page created on 1.24.06"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 11 Facts About the Ambidextrous | Mental Floss 11 Facts About the Ambidextrous | Mental Floss [PAR] 11 Facts About the Ambidextrous [PAR] iStock [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] 1. If you can write equally well with either hand, then you are the one percent . Even among the small population of \u2018multi-handed\u2019 individuals, very few experience equal ease and skill with both hands. In comparison, around 10% of people are lefties. [PAR] 2. Right-, left- and mixed-handedness aren\u2019t sufficient to define the preferences of most people, according to experts. Most people experience some level of cross-dominance \u2014 favoring one hand for certain tasks, even if it\u2019s the non-dominant one \u2014 and among the group of people who use both hands, there are even finer distinctions. Ambidextral refers to those who can use both hands as well as a right-hander\u2019s right hand (so, really well), and ambisinistral can be used to describe people who use both hands as well as a right-hander\u2019s left hand (that is, somewhat clumsily). [PAR] 3. Unlike righties, who show strong left brain dominance, the hemispheres of ambidextrous and left-handed people\u2019s brains are almost symmetric... [PAR] 4. ... as is the typical brain of a person with synesthesia, or \u201cmixed senses,\u201d who experiences cross-sensory perception. Among synesthetes, the instance of ambidexterity (and left-handedness) is much higher than in the general population. [PAR] 5. The ambidextrous are more likely to possess the LRRTM1 gene (on chromosome 2), which is linked to schizophrenia. Studies reveal that people with schizophrenia are significantly more likely to be ambidextrous or left-handed than people who are not schizophrenic. [PAR] 6. Another study, conducted through the BBC Science website, shows that of the one percent of 255,000 respondents who indicated equal ease writing with both hands, 9.2% of men and 15.6% of women reported being bisexual . In the same study, 4% of right-handed and 4.5% of left-handed men, and 6.2% of right-handed and 6.3% of left-handed women said they\u2019re attracted to both sexes. [PAR] 7. People who identify as \u2018either-handed\u2019 score slightly lower overall in general intelligence testing, and most often those scores are lower in arithmetic, memory and reasoning... [PAR] 8. ... except when they aren\u2019t. A study of 8000 children ages 7 and 8 shows that the 87 mixed-handed students had more pronounced difficulties in language skills, and at ages 15 and 16, the same students showed a higher risk of ADHD symptoms and performed academically under both right- and left-handed students from the same sample. [PAR] 9. Ambis can be quick to anger, according to a study from Merrimack College, which suggests a higher interlinking of brain hemispheres found in ambidextrous and lefties. A follow-up study found that the increased hemisphere connections correlate to increased awkwardness, clumsiness and moodiness. [PAR] 10. But inconsistent-handers can also be easier to sway emotionally . Montclair State University tested a group of right- left and either-handers for emotional stability. Their findings report that of the group, righties were hardest to coerce, and ambis were most likely to report a change in mood based on their surroundings, directed thought, and music. [PAR] 11. It\u2019s not all bad news for the handedness-ambivalent, though. Being able to use both hands with (almost) equal ease can really pay off, especially in sports, arts and music. Some reportedly cross-dominant celebrities and historic figures include Leonardo da Vinci, Pete Rose, Richard Feynmen, pitcher Greg A. Harris, Michelle Kwan, Shigeru Miyamoto, Paul McCartney, Benjamin Franklin and Harry Truman.[DOC] [TLE] ambidextrous - definition and meaning - Wordnik ambidextrous - definition and meaning [PAR] ambidextrous [PAR] from The American"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is British Monarch 'Defender Of The Faith' Or 'Faiths'? Is British Monarch 'Defender Of The Faith' Or 'Faiths'? | The Huffington Post [PAR] Is British Monarch 'Defender Of The Faith' Or 'Faiths'? [PAR] 10/11/2012 08:57 am ET | Updated Oct 15, 2012 [PAR] Trevor Grundy Religion News Service [PAR] LONDON (RNS) As Britain awaits the appointment of the next archbishop of Canterbury to lead both the Church of England and the far-flung Anglican Communion, there's renewed attention on the woman who officially gets the final say: Queen Elizabeth II, the \"Defender of the Faith.\" [PAR] The current archbishop, Rowan Williams, ends his 10-year tenure in December. A Church of England committee is sifting through candidates -- two of whom will be submitted to Prime Minister David Cameron, whose top choice will be submitted to the queen for final approval. [PAR] When he announced his retirement last March, Williams, 62, famously said his successor will need \"the constitution of an ox and the skin of a rhinoceros.\" [PAR] Politicians and religious leaders say the next archbishop will need those qualities and more to handle deep divisions in the British church over female bishops and North/South divisions among his 77 million-member global flock over sexuality. [PAR] But he'll also need something else: the ability to envision life when Elizabeth -- who turns 87 next year -- is no longer on the throne, and when Britain is no longer a Christian-majority country. [PAR] At her coronation in 1953, Elizabeth swore to \"uphold the laws of God and the true profession of the Gospel, maintain the Protestant reformed religion established by law and reserve the settlement of the Church of England.\" [PAR] Her son and heir apparent, Prince Charles, has said he's planning a symbolic change if and when he becomes king by taking the title \"Defender of Faith\" or \"Defender of the Faiths\" to reflect Britain's multicultural and multifaith society. [PAR] That change would mean Charles would be the first monarch to not be the standard-bearer for Protestantism for the first time since Henry VIII famously broke from Rome to start his own church. [PAR] Britons may be on Charles' side: A recent BBC poll found that 73 percent favor Elizabeth remaining \"Supreme Governor,\" but about 50 percent would favor Charles' idea for a title change to Defender of Faith. [PAR] The royal title \"Fidei defensor,\" usually translated \"Defender of the Faith,\" was bestowed by Pope Leo X on Henry VIII in 1521 in recognition of the king's defense of Roman Catholic teaching against the Protestant ideas of Martin Luther. [PAR] But after Henry VIII broke with Rome and attacked the pope, the title was later revoked. Henry was excommunicated, but the title was bestowed again on Henry's only son, Edward IV, by Parliament in 1544. [PAR] Charles caused considerable controversy in 1994 when he first floated the idea in his attempt to embrace the other religions that have become more visible since his mother came to the throne in 1952. [PAR] \"The Queen came to the throne at a time when the Church of England was really the only Christian faith in the country,\" former Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey said in a 2006 television interview. [PAR] \"And there were no Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus around to be in any way evident in the life of the country,\" he said. \"Now it's a completely different world. Prince Charles put his finger on it and there's no way in which the sovereign can be the defender of one faith.\" [PAR] A recent study conducted by the British Parliament showed the number of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dallas (TV Series 1978\u20131991) - IMDb Dallas (TV Series 1978\u20131991) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Community [PAR] LATEST HEADLINES [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The soapy, backstabbing machinations of Dallas oil magnate J.R. Ewing and his family. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] J.R.'s friends, family, and business associates have had enough of his dirty dealings, and many of them vow revenge. Bobby is especially angry as he and Pam leave Southfork. [PAR] 9.0 [PAR] J.R. becomes the focus of accumulated hatreds in Southfork. A desperate search ensues for both Miss Ellie and Jessica while the fate of Peter is left in Sue Ellen's hands. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] The happiness on Pam and Mark's wedding day soon fades as J.R.'s attempt to outwit Angelica may have come too late to save Jack's life and jeopardizes Sue Ellen's life as well. [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 25 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 03 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 19 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 19 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 09 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Dallas \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 46 wins & 80 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The trials and tribulations of two feuding families, the Carringtons and the Colbys, both oil rich families in Denver, Colorado. [PAR] Stars: John Forsythe, Linda Evans, Joan Collins [PAR] Set in the vineyards of California, this prime-time soap opera featured the conflict within the powerful Gioberti family, owners of the vast Falcon Crest Winery. [PAR] Stars: Jane Wyman, Lorenzo Lamas, Chao Li Chi [PAR] The next generation of the Ewing family - cousins John Ross Ewing and Christopher Ewing - clash over the family's oil business and vast fortune. [PAR] Stars: Josh Henderson, Jesse Metcalfe, Jordana Brewster [PAR] Gary and Valene Ewing, relatives of the Ewing clan of Dallas, arrive in Knots Landing to make a new home for themselves. However, scheming Abby Fairgate-Cunningham later breaks up their marriage when she seduces Gary. [PAR] Stars: Michele Lee, Ted Shackelford, Joan Van Ark [PAR] The lives and loves of a group of young adults living in \"Melrose Place\" in California. Each with their own dreams and drives, the inevitable conflicts, conquests, and consummations ensue. [PAR] Stars: Heather Locklear, Andrew Shue, Courtney Thorne-Smith [PAR] It has been two years since Bobby and Sue Ellen Ewing took over control of Ewing Oil. Although J.R. is successfully managing a large oil conglomerate, he wants to once again own his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Michael Preece [PAR] Dallas: J.R. Returns (TV Movie 1996) [PAR] Drama [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6/10 X [PAR] Years after J.R. Ewing lost Ewing Oil and apparently committed suicide, we learn that he is alive and well. He returns to Dallas, and plots to bring his family back together, and regain control of Ewing Oil from arch-enemy Cliff Barnes. [PAR] Director: Leonard Katzman [PAR] The romantic and comic tales of the passengers and crew of the cruise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bush poetry - Poems by theme and occasion - Australian ... Bush poetry - Poems by theme and occasion - Australian Poetry Library [PAR] Books [PAR] Bush poetry [PAR] Bush poetry has always played a dominant part in Australian writing since the unique landscape was one of the things that most distinguished the new country from the migrants' homes. Many earlier Australian poets wrote bush poetry, with bush ballads being especially popular in the last decades of the nineteenth century. Much old bush poetry circulated orally and its authors are now unknown, though bush songs such as 'Nine Miles from Gundagai' and 'Springtime it Brings on the Shearing' remain popular. Among the best-known and widely published Australian bush poets are Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson, though many others wrote in this vein. Two of the most famous examples of bush poetry are Paterson's 'The Man from Snowy River' and 'Clancy of the Overflow'. It is often forgotten that Paterson also wrote the words of Australia's unofficial national anthem, 'Waltzing Matilda'. As well Paterson was responsible for many funny bush poems such as 'A Bush Christening'. [PAR] Australian poets continued to write bush poetry in the twentieth century. One of the most famous Australian poems is 'My Country' by Dorothea Mackellar, which begins by contrasting the English landscape praised by English poets with that of Australian bush. Its second stanza opens with the well-known line: ' I love a sunburnt country'. [PAR] Among modern Australian poets, Judith Wright is especially known for her bush poetry, especially poems about the New England countryside where she grew up, such as 'South of My Days'. Others with a bush background who frequently write bush poetry are David Campbell, who writes about the Monaro area, and Les Murray, who writes about northern New South Wales. While leading contemporary poets rarely use the traditional ballad forms for their bush poetry, others continue to write in this mode, and competition are still being held for the best examples.[DOC] [TLE] Banjo Paterson Biography - Poem Hunter - Poetry Banjo Paterson - Banjo Paterson Biography - Poem Hunter [PAR] Banjo Paterson - Banjo Paterson Biography - Poem Hunter [PAR] Biography [PAR] Biography of Banjo Paterson [PAR] Banjo Paterson was born at the property \"Narrambla\", near Orange, New South Wales, the eldest son of Andrew Bogle Paterson, a Scottish immigrant from Lanarkshire and Australian-born Rose Isabella Barton, related to the future first Prime Minister of Australia Edmund Barton. Paterson's family lived on the isolated Buckinbah Station in the Monaro until he was five when his father lost his wool clip in a flood and was forced to sell up. When Paterson's uncle died, his family took over the uncle's farm in Illalong, near Yass, close to the main route between Melbourne and Sydney. Bullock teams, Cobb and Co coaches and drovers were familiar sights to him. He also saw horsemen from the Murrumbidgee River area and Snowy Mountains country take part in picnic races and polo matches, which led to his fondness of horses and inspired his writings. [PAR] Paterson's early education came from a governess, but when he was able to ride a pony, he was taught at the bush school at Binalong. In 1874 Paterson was sent to Sydney Grammar School, performing well both as a student and a sportsman. At this time, he lived in a cottage called Rockend, in the suburb of Gladesville. The cottage is now listed on the Register of the National Estate. Matriculating at 16, he took up the role of an articled clerk in a law firm and on 28"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] K2 | mountain, Asia | Britannica.com K2 | mountain, Asia | Britannica.com [PAR] mountain, Asia [PAR] Alternative Titles: Chogori, Dapsang, Mount Godwin Austen, Qogir Feng [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Walter Bonatti [PAR] K2, Chinese Qogir Feng, also called Mount Godwin Austen, called locally Dapsang or Chogori, the world\u2019s second highest peak (28,251 feet [8,611 metres]), second only to Mount Everest . K2 is located in the Karakoram Range and lies partly in a Chinese-administered enclave of the Kashmir region within the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang of China and partly in the Gilgit-Baltistan portion of Kashmir under the administration of Pakistan . [PAR] K2 (Mount Godwin Austen), in the Karakoram Range, viewed from the Gilgit-Baltistan district of the \u2026 [PAR] The glacier- and snow-covered mountain rises from its base at about 15,000 feet (4,570 metres) on the Godwin Austen Glacier, a tributary of the Baltoro Glacier. The mountain was discovered and measured in 1856 by Col. T.G. Montgomerie of the Survey of India, and it was given the symbol K2 because it was the second peak measured in the Karakoram Range. The name Mount Godwin Austen is for the peak\u2019s first surveyor, Col. H.H. Godwin Austen, a 19th-century English geographer. [PAR] The first attempt to reach the summit was made by an Anglo-Swiss expedition in 1902 that ascended to 18,600 feet (5,670 metres) on the peak\u2019s northeastern crest. Other unsuccessful attempts included an Italian expedition in 1909, led by Luigi Amedeo, duke d\u2019Abruzzi , via the southeastern ridge (later called the Abruzzi Ridge) that reached approximately 20,000 feet (6,100 metres). In 1938 an American expedition led by Charles Houston via the Abruzzi Ridge reached about 26,000 feet (7,925 metres); in 1939 another American-led expedition following the same route reached about 27,500 feet (8,380 metres); and in 1953 another expedition led by Houston reached 25,900 feet (7,900 metres) on the Abruzzi Ridge. Finally, in 1954, an Italian expedition consisting of five scientists (including the geologist Ardito Desio as leader), a doctor, a photographer, and 12 others, including a Pakistani, managed to conquer the Abruzzi Ridge despite the severe weather conditions. The summit was reached at 6 pm on July 31, 1954, by Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli . In the course of the ascent, Mario Puchoz, one of the guides, died of pneumonia. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] K2 - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] The second highest mountain in the world has perhaps the shortest name: K2 (also called Mount Godwin Austen). It rises to 28,251 feet (8,611 meters) above sea level in the Karakoram Range of the western Himalayas, on the border between Baltistan (in the part of Kashmir controlled by Pakistan) and China. Colonel T.G. Montgomerie, who found and measured the mountain in 1856 as part of the Survey of India, named it \"K2\" because it was the second mountain he surveyed in the Karakorams. Soon it received an alternate name, Mount Godwin Austen, for a famous English mountaineer and leading participant in the survey. [PAR] Article History"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Codex Vaticanus - bible-researcher.com Codex Vaticanus [PAR] Codex Vaticanus [PAR] (B) [PAR] The Codex Vaticanus, so called because it is the most famous manuscript in the possession of the Vatican library, is generally believed to be from the fourth century, and is thought to be the oldest (nearly) complete copy of the Greek Bible in existence. Lacking from it are most of the book of Genesis, Hebrews 9:14 to the end, the Pastoral Epistles, and the book of Revelation; these parts were lost by damage to the front and back of the volume, which is common in ancient manuscripts. The writing is in capital letters (called uncial script) without spaces between words (scriptio continuo), and is arranged in three columns on the page. Like other early manuscripts, its text is somewhat shorter than the later manuscripts, less harmonistic in parallel passages of the Synoptic Gospels, and it often agrees with the texts presumed to underlie the ancient Coptic, Syriac, and Latin versions against the later Greek manuscripts. It is relatively free of obvious transcriptional errors, and is usually taken as the best representative of the ancient \"Alexandrian\" form of the New Testament text. [PAR] For many years Codex Vaticanus was highly esteemed by scholars who knew next to nothing about it, besides its evident antiquity. Johann Bengel in his Gnomon (see Bengel 1742 ) makes the following remark concerning it: \"The number of witnesses who support each reading of every passage ought to be carefully examined: and to that end, in so doing, we should separate those codices ... which are known to have been carefully collated, as, for instance, the Alexandrine, from those which are not known to have been carefully collated, or which are known to have been carelessly collated, as for instance the Vatican MS., which otherwise would be almost without an equal.\" (Fausset's translation, vol. 1, pp. 15-16). It was jealously guarded by the librarians of the Vatican, and practically inaccessible to competent scholars for most of the nineteenth century (see remarks under Mai 1857 ), during which its reputation was magnified by the mystique surrounding it. When at last its text was fully revealed, in many places seconded by the recently discovered Codex Sinaiticus , the stage was set for the influential text of Tischendorf 1869 and the even more important edition of Westcott and Hort 1881 . [PAR] Tischendorf 1867 was the first reliable edition of the manuscript to be published. It was preceded by that of Cardinal Mai (see Mai 1857 , partly corrected in Vercellone 1859 ), and by Hansell 1864 . Mai's edition was soon discovered to be very faulty, and scholars generally did not accept it as being more reliable than the collations which were already available to them (see Birch 1788 , 1798 , and Ford 1799 ), and Hansell's edition was based upon Mai's. Later editions of the manuscript are Vercellone 1868 , Cozza 1889 , Vatican 1904 , and Martini 1968 . An excellent color facsimile of the entire codex has been published: Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecorum Codex Vaticanus B. (Roma: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, 1999). Full collations are in the apparatus of Tischendorf 1869 and Tregelles 1857 (for which see the Corrigenda). An English translation is presented in Parker 1863 . The most complete collation in English is in Tischendorf 1869 b . [PAR] A Sample of the Text [PAR] Codex Vaticanus, Matthew 11:8b-10a [PAR] ...fiesmenon; idou oi ta malaka forounteV en toiV oikoiV twn basilewn. 9 alla ti exhlqate; profhthn idein; nai, legw umin, kai perissoteron profhtou. 10 outoV estin peri ou"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anna Gordy Gaye Dead: Marvin Gaye\u2019s Ex-Wife Dies At 92 Anna Gordy Gaye Dead: Marvin Gaye's Ex-Wife Dies At 92 | The Huffington Post [PAR] Anna Gordy Gaye Dead: Marvin Gaye's Ex-Wife Dies At 92 [PAR] 01/31/2014 01:57 pm ET | Updated Feb 05, 2014 [PAR] 810 [PAR] Donaldson Collection via Getty Images [PAR] Anna Gordy Gaye, the sister of Motown founder Berry Gordy and ex-wife of the late singer Marvin Gaye, has died. She was 92. [PAR] According to TMZ , sources close to the family revealed that Gordy Gaye died at her Los Angeles home from natural causes and was discovered by family members at around 3 a.m. Friday. [PAR] Following a 14-year union with the iconic crooner, Anna divorced Marvin Gaye in 1977 . The public split inspired the recording of Gaye\u2019s double album \"Here, My Dear\" -- an album whose existence was mandated by the terms of the divorce settlement , which also required Marvin to pay royalties from the project toward Anna's alimony. [PAR] During a 1979 interview with People magazine , the Grammy Award winner credited his marriage to Anna for saving his Motown career. [PAR] \"I do believe the fact that I was married to Berry Gordy's sister saved me from getting my contract ripped up several times,\u201d Gaye said. \u201cLet's face it, I'm a little strange by most standards. I truly feel I'm an artist and I don't give any quarter nor do I ask any ... I gotta take the responsibility to show up every night. I may as well make the people who promote me happy and assured that I am not the unstable flake they think I am.\" [PAR] In recent years, Anna Gordy Gaye reportedly suffered from dementia, heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes. In 2005, she moved away from Marvin's former Hollywood Hills home due to alleged drug use on the part of her adopted son, Marvin Gaye III. In 2007, trustees for Anna forced Gaye III out of the residence in an effort to sell the home , according to ABC News. [PAR] Anna Gordy Gaye is survived by her brother Berry and her adopted son Marvin. [PAR] Related on HuffPost:[DOC] [TLE] Anna Gordy Gaye, Marvin Gaye's Ex and Berry Gordy's Sister ... Anna Gordy Gaye, Marvin Gaye's Ex and Berry Gordy's Sister, Dies at Age 92 - Music News - ABC News Radio [PAR] Anna Gordy Gaye, Marvin Gaye's Ex and Berry Gordy's Sister, Dies at Age 92 [PAR] Share Article [PAR] Universal Music EnterprisesAnna Gordy Gaye, the first wife of late soul legend Marvin Gaye and an older sister of Motown Records founder Berry Gordy, died Friday at her home in Los Angeles. She was 92. An official statement from Anna's family provided to ABC News Radio says Gaye \"was surrounded by her loving son Marvin Gaye III and other family members\" when she passed away. [PAR] Anna married Marvin Gaye in 1963, and the couple had a turbulent relationship that ended in divorce in 1977. They had one adopted son, Marvin III, who was born in 1966 and is the biological child of Anna's niece, Denise Gordy. [PAR] A songwriter and music entrepreneur in her own right, Anna co-founded Anna Records in 1958. The label, which eventually was absorbed into Motown, recorded such artists as Temptations singer David Ruffin, Joe Tex, and Motown songwriter Lamont Dozier early in their careers. [PAR] Anna Gaye went on to become a staff songwriter for Motown, and co-wrote many songs that appeared on Gaye's albums, including two featured on his classic 1971 release, What's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Eagle Has Landed (1976) - IMDb The Eagle Has Landed (1976) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:05 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Eagle Has Landed ( 1976 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] A German plot to kidnap Winston Churchill unfolds at the height of World War II. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 06 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 12 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: The Eagle Has Landed (1976) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Allied agents stage a daring raid on a castle where the Nazis are holding an American General prisoner... but that's not all that's really going on. [PAR] Director: Brian G. Hutton [PAR] A British team is sent to cross occupied Greek territory and destroy the massive German gun emplacement that commands a key sea channel. [PAR] Director: J. Lee Thompson [PAR] Operation Market Garden, September 1944: The Allies attempt to capture several strategically important bridges in the Netherlands in the hope of breaking the German lines. However, mismanagement and poor planning result in its failure. [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] As the Allied armies close in, the Germans decide to blow up the last Rhine bridge, trapping their own men on the wrong side. But will it happen? [PAR] Director: John Guillermin [PAR] In 1940, the British Royal Air Force fights a desperate battle to prevent the Luftwaffe from gaining air superiority over the English Channel as a prelude to a possible Axis invasion of the UK. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] A dramatization of Nazi Germany's final Western Front counterattack of World War II. [PAR] Director: Ken Annakin [PAR] A group of U.S. soldiers sneaks across enemy lines to get their hands on a secret stash of Nazi treasure. [PAR] Director: Brian G. Hutton [PAR] During World War II, a rebellious U.S. Army Major is assigned a dozen convicted murderers to train and lead them into a mass assassination mission of German officers. [PAR] Director: Robert Aldrich [PAR] Directors: Ken Annakin, Andrew Marton, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, Robert Ryan, Richard Burton [PAR] A dramatization of the battle that was widely heralded as a turning point of the Pacific Theatre of World War II. [PAR] Director: Jack Smight [PAR] During World War II, several oddly assorted military experts are teamed in a mission to raid and destroy a bridge vital to enemy strategy. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] Outnumbered British soldiers do battle with Zulu warriors at Rorke's Drift. [PAR] Director: Cy Endfield [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Oberst Steiner, a German parachute unit commander, is sent to England on a covert mission to kidnap Prime Minister Winston Churchill and bring him to Berlin. The seemingly impossible assignment becomes more and more feasible as the mission grows nearer with Steiner and his men arriving in England to a very real possibility of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] One of the greatest? Borg v McEnroe Wimbledon Final 1980 ... One of the greatest? Borg v McEnroe Wimbledon Final 1980 - YouTube [PAR] One of the greatest? Borg v McEnroe Wimbledon Final 1980 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 7, 2014 [PAR] The first time that Ice met Fire in a Wimbledon final, Bjorn Borg and John McEnroe battled out over five tempestuous sets in 1980, before Borg eventually retained his title. Watch more exclusive content at http://www.wimbledon.com/en ... [PAR] SUBSCRIBE to The Wimbledon YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/wimb ... [PAR] LIKE Wimbledon on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Wi ... [PAR] FOLLOW Wimbledon on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Wimbledon"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spanish Days of the Week Grammar [PAR] Grammar [PAR] Google Ads block to desktop version (300\u00d7600) [PAR] Days of the Week [PAR] The written lesson is below. [PAR] Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. [PAR] In Spanish-speaking countries, the week begins on Monday. [PAR] lunes [PAR] Notice that the days of the week are not capitalized. [PAR] lunes [PAR] The days of the week are all masculine. [PAR] el lunes [PAR] el s\u00e1bado [PAR] el domingo [PAR] When used with the days of the week, the definite article has the special meaning \u201con.\u201d [PAR] No trabajo el lunes. [PAR] I don\u2019t work on Monday. [PAR] No trabajo los martes. [PAR] I don\u2019t work on Tuesdays. [PAR] Hay una fiesta el mi\u00e9rcoles. [PAR] There is a party on Wednesday. [PAR] Hay muchas fiestas los viernes. [PAR] There are many parties on Fridays. [PAR] Days of the week ending in -s do not change form in the plural. Only the article changes. [PAR] el lunes [PAR] el domingo [PAR] los domingos [PAR] Use the verb ser to express the day. You will soon learn more about this verb. For now, simply realize that the word \u201ces\u201d is a conjugation of that verb, and is the correct verb in this use. [PAR] \u00bfQu\u00e9 d\u00eda es hoy? [PAR] Ma\u00f1ana es martes. [PAR] Tomorrow is Tuesday. [PAR] Notice that the following actions do not occur in the present, but rather in the near future. [PAR] Salimos el lunes. [PAR] Ma\u00f1ana es domingo. [PAR] Tomorrow is Sunday. [PAR] In Spanish, the present tense of the indicative is sometimes used to express the near future. English does this too. [PAR] Salimos el lunes.[DOC] [TLE] Days of the Week in Spanish - Video & Lesson Transcript ... Days of the Week in Spanish - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] Days of the Week in Spanish [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: What Are the Months in Spanish? [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:09 Days of the Week in Spanish [PAR] 1:14 Nursery Rhyme [PAR] 1:42 Favorite Days of the Week [PAR] 2:21 Review of Days of the Week [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Island Formerly known as Formosa - Food and Travel The Island Formerly known as Formosa - Food and Travel [PAR] TRAVEL BOOKS [PAR] The Island Formerly known as Formosa [PAR] It's so easy isn't it - to pigeonhole one place in relation to another? Yet it is the habit of travellers. We seem always to want to explain a country in the terms of somewhere else. [PAR] So it is, in the middle of Taipei, capital of Taiwan (formerly Formosa) I find myself saying, 'Hmmm'..this is just like China - without the bicycles'. And it is. Except here, at the traffic lights, there's a brimming tide of motor scooters, bearing sometimes a whole family, and noisily gunning off the instant the lights change. In China, the intersection would be dense with hundreds of bikes, wobbling as they waited their turn. [PAR] In fact the whole city, it seems spins a kaleidoscope of half-memories, quasi-comparisons in my mind. This corner - is it like Bangkok? Or maybe Kuala Lumpur? Those sleek office buildings - surely I saw the same in Singapore. And those interminable silent armies of apartment blocks, each capped with a tiny pagoda style roof. That was Penang, right? [PAR] Of course as you start to acclimatise to Taipei, its personality emerges. Talk to the people and you see the differences to their Chinese neighbours across the Taiwan Strait. The people are still proudly Chinese by race, but Taiwan is carefully named the Republic of China, not the PROC (People's Republic), as China is termed. Yet it is the people that have made this country, building it in half a century from a country annexed by Japan to a self-sufficient one trading with the world. [PAR] Located north-east of Hong Kong, and almost 400 kilometres long straddling the Tropic of Cancer, to most westerners Taiwan appears dangerously vulnerable now that Hong Kong is finally a Chinese Territory. We imagine China's eyes focussed with avarice on this small and economically valuable country. Yet the locals laugh when we cautiously raise the subject. Whether it is bravado or not, most simply say they believe China has too much to worry about - controlling its population, stretching its capitalistic muscles - to be too bothered about tiny Taiwan. You have to hope they are correct. [PAR] So Taiwan gets on with growing and producing. Here there are families with several children, pollution is being addressed, technology increases and the economy looks as healthy as the mop-headed kiddies in brilliant nylon parkas that bring colour to even the greyest scenes. [PAR] I was grateful for these especially when I visited hot springs in the hills north of Taipei. Here the cement-coloured mud, plopping sullenly, was matched only by the clouds that almost touched us. Steam seeped from crevices and a sulphurous stench stuck to us all. [PAR] Enter a busload of eager schoolchildren, brilliant in their cool-weather gear, who swarmed over the telescopes and safety fences, measured the ground temperature and gaped in amazement at the moonscape around us, brightening my pictures as they did so. [PAR] That small event seemed to make sense of this country to me. Sure there is pollution, but many countries are more affected. There are earthquakes - a major one devastated parts to the south of Taipei last September, and there were even two minor ones in the few days I was in the country - but buildings have been constructed using the latest technology to withstand tremors. Prices are high - or is that simply a reflection on the Aussie dollar which fares"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAQ - Archbishop of Canterbury FAQ [PAR] FAQ [PAR] Q: How can I contact the Archbishop of Canterbury? [PAR] A: Details of the correspondence address, email address, and telephone number for Lambeth Palace can be found on the ' Contact ' page of this site. [PAR] Q: Does the Archbishop read and reply to all the correspondence he receives? [PAR] A: The Archbishop values the letters and emails that people send to him and is grateful that so many take the trouble to write. He hopes correspondents will understand that because so many letters and emails are sent to him, he is unable to read or reply personally to many of them. In these circumstances he instructs his staff to reply on his behalf, in accordance with agreed policies, and is regularly informed about the nature and content of the incoming correspondence that he does not have the opportunity to see. [PAR] Sometimes a particular campaign, public debate or issue will generate a substantial amount of communication from the public, making it impossible for a reply to be issued to each individual correspondent. It is very much hoped that the absence of a reply in such cases will not be interpreted as a discourtesy, or a lack of interest in what they have to say. [PAR] Q: How can I visit / take a guided tour / hold an event at Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: Please see our visit Lambeth Palace page . [PAR] Q: Can I invite the Archbishop to an event, or to my local church? [PAR] A: If you wish to extend an invitation to the Archbishop, please do so in writing using the details on the ' Contact ' page. Do bear in mind that there are many demands on the Archbishop's time and as a result he is often unable to accept as many invitations as he would like. [PAR] Q: Can you tell me where my nearest church is? [PAR] A: If you are a UK resident the website 'A Church Near You' can give you details of where your nearest Anglican Church can be found. [PAR] Q: Where is Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: Lambeth Palace is situated south of the Thames on Lambeth Palace Road, London. Click here to see a map showing the location of Lambeth Palace. [PAR] Q: Does the Archbishop really live at Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: The Archbishop of Canterbury lives in a flat in part of the Palace. It is his official London residence. [PAR] He is also able to use accommodation at \u2018The Old Palace\u2019 in the precincts of Canterbury Cathedral when he is in Canterbury Diocese. [PAR] Q: How old is Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: The oldest parts of Lambeth Palace date back to 1197. Morton's Tower, the main entrance to the Palace was constructed in approximately 1490. The Great Hall, now part of Lambeth Palace Library was reconstructed by Archbishop Juxon after 1660. The main sections of the Palace that you will see today were designed by Architect William Blore in 1833. The newest section of the Palace, the Atrium, was opened by The Prince of Wales in the year 2000. [PAR] See the ' Lambeth Palace ' section for more information. [PAR] Q: Who does what at Lambeth Palace? [PAR] A: The Archbishop is supported by a dedicated team of advisers, administrators and clerical, technical and maintenance staff at Lambeth Palace - see further details here ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dartboard Sequence - MathPages The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5 Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense. It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format. It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as \"flat\" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478 Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the \"London\" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the \"Manchester\" dart board, which has the sequence 20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this 20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10 the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions. Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 which has a sum of 24350. By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the \"21-complement\", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is 1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ... = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ... = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which planet spins the fastest? | Cool Cosmos Which planet spins the fastest? | Cool Cosmos [PAR] [PAR] Which planet spins the fastest? [PAR] Jupiter is the fastest spinning planet in our Solar System rotating on average once in just under 10 hours. That is very fast especially considering how large Jupiter is. This means that Jupiter has the shortest days of all the planets in the Solar System. Since Jupiter is a gas planet, it does not rotate as a solid sphere. Jupiter's equator rotates a bit faster than its polar regions at a speed of 28,273 miles/hour (about 43,000 kilometers/hour). Jupiter's day varies from 9 hours and 56 minutes around the poles to 9 hours and 50 minutes close to the equator. [PAR] Continue the conversation on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dong with a Luminous Nose - Poetry Foundation The Dong with a Luminous Nose by Edward Lear | Poetry Foundation [PAR] The Dong with a Luminous Nose by Edward Lear [PAR] The Dong with a Luminous Nose [PAR] Related Poem Content Details [PAR] When awful darkness and silence reign [PAR] Over the great Gromboolian plain, [PAR] Through the long, long wintry nights; \u2014 [PAR] When the angry breakers roar [PAR] As they beat on the rocky shore; \u2014 [PAR] When Storm-clouds brood on the towering heights [PAR] Of the Hills of the Chankly Bore: \u2014 [PAR] Then, through the vast and gloomy dark, [PAR] There moves what seems a fiery spark, [PAR] A lonely spark with silvery rays [PAR] Piercing the coal-black night, \u2014 [PAR] A Meteor strange and bright: \u2014 [PAR] Hither and thither the vision strays, [PAR] A single lurid light. [PAR] Slowly it wander, \u2014 pauses, \u2014 creeps, \u2014 [PAR] Anon it sparkles, \u2014 flashes and leaps; [PAR] And ever as onward it gleaming goes [PAR] A light on the Bong-tree stems it throws. [PAR] And those who watch at that midnight hour [PAR] From Hall or Terrace, or lofty Tower, [PAR] Cry, as the wild light passes along, \u2014 [PAR] \"The Dong! \u2014 the Dong! [PAR] \"The wandering Dong through the forest goes! [PAR] \"The Dong! the Dong! [PAR] \"The Dong with a luminous Nose!\" [PAR] Long years ago [PAR] The Dong was happy and gay, [PAR] Till he fell in love with a Jumbly Girl [PAR] Who came to those shores one day. [PAR] For the Jumblies came in a sieve, they did, \u2014 [PAR] Landing at eve near the Zemmery Fidd [PAR] Where the Oblong Oysters grow, [PAR] And the rocks are smooth and gray. [PAR] And all the woods and the valleys rang [PAR] With the Chorus they daily and nightly sang, \u2014 [PAR] \"Far and few, far and few, [PAR] Are the lands where the Jumblies live; [PAR] Their heads are green, and the hands are blue [PAR] And they went to sea in a sieve. [PAR] Happily, happily passed those days! [PAR] While the cheerful Jumblies staid; [PAR] They danced in circlets all night long, [PAR] To the plaintive pipe of the lively Dong, [PAR] In moonlight, shine, or shade. [PAR] For day and night he was always there [PAR] By the side of the Jumbly Girl so fair, [PAR] With her sky-blue hands, and her sea-green hair. [PAR] Till the morning came of that hateful day [PAR] When the Jumblies sailed in their sieve away, [PAR] And the Dong was left on the cruel shore [PAR] Gazing \u2014 gazing for evermore, \u2014 [PAR] Ever keeping his weary eyes on [PAR] That pea-green sail on the far horizon, \u2014 [PAR] Singing the Jumbly Chorus still [PAR] As he sate all day on the grassy hill, \u2014 [PAR] \"Far and few, far and few, [PAR] Are the lands where the Jumblies live; [PAR] Their heads are green, and the hands are blue [PAR] And they went to sea in a sieve. [PAR] But when the sun was low in the West, [PAR] The Dong arose and said; [PAR] \u2014 \"What little sense I once possessed [PAR] Has quite gone out of my head!\" \u2014 [PAR] And since that day he wanders still [PAR] By lake and dorest, marsh and hills, [PAR] Singing \u2014 \"O somewhere, in valley or plain [PAR] \"Might I find my Jumbly Girl again! [PAR] \"For ever I'll seek by lake and shore [PAR] \"Till I find my Jumbly Girl once more!\" [PAR] Playing a pipe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Park Other Recurring Characters / Characters - TV Tropes South Park Other Recurring Characters / Characters - TV Tropes [PAR] Supporting Leader : During the \"Imaginationland\" trilogy. [PAR] Took a Level in Badass : He was originally quite meek. Then, starting in \"Red Sleigh Down\", Jesus kicks all sorts of ass. [PAR] Mayor MacDaniels [PAR] \"My geologist? Now? Tell him the infection is fine and I don't need another check-up.\" [PAR] Voiced by: Mary Kay Bergman (1997-1999), Eliza Schneider (1999-2003), April Stewart (2004-present) [PAR] Debut: \"Weight Gain 4000\" [PAR] Corrupt and idiotic mayor of South Park. [PAR] Bi the Way : She's implied to be in a relationship with Officer Barbrady and slept with Chef, but she's also slept with Mrs. Cartman and was shown looking at a porn magazine of busty women in one episode. [PAR] Characterization Marches On : Originally she was a lot stupider than most of the other South Park adults, but as they got dumber she's generally become smarter; modern episodes tend to vary on whether she's just as dumb as them or the Only Sane Adult in town. [PAR] Jerkass : She considers everyone in town a bunch of hillbillies and isn't above trying to convince Barbrady to shoot kids. [PAR] Took a Level in Kindness : From \"Red Hot Catholic Love\" and on, he's a Good Shepherd instead of a Fundamentalist . [PAR] Officer Barbrady [PAR] \"Okay, people, move along. Nothing to see here.\" [PAR] Voiced by: Trey Parker [PAR] Debut: \"Cartman Gets an Anal Probe\" [PAR] The town cop. Incredibly stupid and unhelpful, at least in the earlier seasons. His squad car says \"To Patronise And Annoy\". Coinciding with decreased prominence, it seems that he has gotten more competent over the years. [PAR] A Day in the Limelight : \"Naughty Ninjas\" gave him more focus and development than he'd received in years. [PAR] Anti-Hero : However his heart is in the right place. [PAR] Bad Cop/Incompetent Cop : Incompetent; the mayor can make him believe the people he left to die in jail never came despite the bodies being in front of him. He apparently killed the chicken lover just to show Cartman how you hit someone with a nightstick. [PAR] Man Child : When he returns to class so he can learn to read he reverts quickly to a child. [PAR] The Only Believer : The only member of the South Park Police Department who actually cares about justice. [PAR] Out of Focus : In later seasons when South Park gets an actual police force. [PAR] Police Are Useless : Sometimes is unable to deal with the problems in the town. [PAR] Token Good Teammate : He might be an incompetent moron, but Barbrady is often portrayed as the only member of South Park's police force who is neither corrupt nor racist. \"Naughty Ninjas\" seems to imply he's the only member of the force who joined to protect the town rather than to beat up minorities. [PAR] Took a Level in Badass : Grew more competent in later seasons, helping to arrest a pharmacist for selling cough syrup to minors in \"Quest for Ratings\", warned people about the giant hamsters attacking in \"Pandemic\", attempted to stop the drunken party in \"About Last Night\" (here he fails because the partiers tip his car over), and in \"Medicinal Fried Chicken\", helps to take down the illegal KFC cartel, surviving the shootout between the cops and Colonel Sanders' enforcers. He also saves Jimmy's life from a psychotic GEICO representative in \"Sponsored Content\". [PAR] Trauma Conga Line : The entirety of \"Naughty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is Timothy Z. Mosley - %name% Net Worth Who Is Timothy Z. Mosley - Timbaland Net Worth [PAR] Who Is Timothy Z. Mosley [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Timbaland [PAR] Timbaland Net Worth is $75 Million. Timbaland is a Grammy Award-Winning record producer, singer and rapper with has an estimated net worth of $100 million. Born Timothy Zachery Mosley in Virginia Beach, Virginia on March 10, 1971, Timbaland began his. Timothy Zachery Mosley (born... [PAR] Timbaland Net Worth is $75 Million. [PAR] Timbaland Net Worth is $75 Million. Timbaland is a Grammy Award-Winning record producer, singer and rapper with has an estimated net worth of $100 million. Born Timothy Zachery Mosley in Virginia Beach, Virginia on March 10, 1971, Timbaland began his Timothy Zachery Mosley better known by his stage name Timbaland, is an American record producer, songwriter and rapper. [PAR] Timbaland's first full credit production work was in 1996 on Ginuwine...the Bachelor for R&B singer Ginuwine. After further work on Aaliyah's 1996 album One in a Million and Missy Elliott's 1997 album Supa Dupa Fly, Timbaland became a prominent producer for R&B and hip-hop artists. [PAR] As a rapper he initially released several albums with fellow rapper Magoo, but later released his debut solo album Tim's Bio in 1998. In 2007, Timbaland released the first album in his Shock Value series, Timbaland Presents: Shock Value. [PAR] Timothy Zachery Mosley was born on March 10, 1972 in Virginia Beach, Virginia, where he was raised. He graduated from Salem High School. During his time as a DJ, he was known as \"DJ Tim\" or \"DJ Timmy Tim\". His brother, Sebastian, is nine years younger. [PAR] Timbaland began making hip hop backing tracks on a Casio keyboard. While..."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phlebitis Treatment and Symptoms - eMedicineHealth Phlebitis Treatment and Symptoms [PAR] Phlebitis Pictures [PAR] Phlebitis Definition [PAR] Phlebitis (fle-BYE-tis) is a condition in which a vein becomes inflamed (phleb=vein + it is=inflammation). The inflammation may cause pain and swelling. When the inflammation is caused by a blood clot or thrombus, it is called thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis usually occurs in leg veins, but it may also affect the veins in the arms. [PAR] There are two sets of veins in the arms and legs, 1) the superficial veins that run just under the skin, and 2) the deep veins. [PAR] Superficial phlebitis affects veins on the skin surface. The condition is rarely serious and usually resolves with local treatment of the inflammation with warm compresses and anti-inflammatory medications. Sometimes superficial phlebitis can be associated with deep vein thrombophlebitis and medical evaluation may be needed. [PAR] Phlebitis in the deep veins is referred to as deep vein thrombophlebitis (or DVT , deep vein thrombosis ) affects the veins located deeper in the arms and legs. Blood clots (thrombi) that form may embolize or break off and travel to the lungs . This is a potentially life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism . [PAR] Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 2/9/2016 [PAR] Medical Author:[DOC] [TLE] What Is Vein Inflammation? - Health Guidance What Is Vein Inflammation? [PAR] What Is Vein Inflammation? [PAR] By Jonathan Pitts | Conditions Disabilities | Rating: [PAR] Phlebitis or most commonly called inflammation of the veins is caused by a blood clot in the veins. It usually happens in leg veins, but don\ufffdt be so sure, it can also happen in your arms. The thrombus in the veins causes pain and irritation and usually blocks the flow of blood that causes the blood from clotting. There are different kinds of vein inflammation which you should be aware. Although superficial phlebitis can be because of injury but most likely, you are okay and there\ufffds nothing to worry about in this particular case. These can be some of the risk that puts you to have vein inflammation: [PAR] \ufffd Being inactive for a long period of time \ufffd staying in bed or sitting for one position only like in the case of traveling or lying down, may cause the blood to clot and won\ufffdt be able to flow properly. [PAR] \ufffd Having an inactive lifestyle \ufffd if you don\ufffdt have enough exercise, you are prone to blood clotting. [PAR] \ufffd The upper part of your body may be too heavy for your lower extremities to carry. [PAR] \ufffd Smoking and other vices. [PAR] \ufffd Medical conditions such as cancer may also be a risk factor. [PAR] \ufffd Injury can be another reason. [PAR] \ufffd Contraceptive pills can also be another reason. [PAR] \ufffd Hormonal replacement therapy is also a risk factor. [PAR] \ufffd Pregnancy can also cause inflammation of the veins. [PAR] \ufffd Lupus can also result in inflammation of the veins. [PAR] \ufffd Bacteria such as pathogens and other micro organisms. [PAR] \ufffd Usually, it runs in the family. Genes contributes a big factor. [PAR] \ufffd Medications such as anti depressant drug. [PAR] You should be aware with this kind of inflammation, as this can mostly happen in the leg, it can travel up through the lungs. It can cause pulmonary embolism which can be fatal to someone who has it. There have been recorded cases of people who suffer from vein inflammation, and they have experienced the following symptoms: [PAR] \ufffd Redness of the affected skin. [PAR] \ufffd Very strong pain on the affected area can be another dilemma."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue, azure, cerulean, cobalt: English has colorful vocabulary Blue, azure, cerulean, cobalt: English has colorful vocabulary [PAR] Blue, azure, cerulean, cobalt: English has colorful vocabulary [PAR] Richard Nilsen [PAR] The Arizona Republic [PAR] Aug. 5, 2007 12:00 AM [PAR] In English, there are 11 essential color names: black, white, gray, red, green, blue, yellow, brown, orange, pink and purple. [PAR] Other colors are described by analogy: peach, turquoise, salmon, fuchsia, chartreuse. [PAR] Some of the essential words were originally descriptive, like orange - like the fruit - and pink - like the dianthus blossom. But by now, their use as names for colors are taken for granted. We don't ever think of the roadside flower when we call something pink. [PAR] advertisement [PAR] It's a cultural thing [PAR] But other languages and other cultures have divided up the color wheel in different ways and have other ways of understanding colors. [PAR] Some languages, mostly of tribal peoples, only distinguish between black and white, or dark and light, with blue being catalogued with the other dark colors and red and yellow with the light colors. Context alone makes the distinction. [PAR] There are quite a few languages that make no distinction between blue and green. In Vietnamese, both grass and sky are xanh, and one says \"xanh like the leaves\" or \"xanh like the sky\" to express the difference. [PAR] In Japanese, what we call a green traffic light, they call aoi, or \"blue.\" They also describe the color of a green apple as blue. [PAR] This shouldn't be so odd. In English we make a distinction between red and pink, even though pink is just a light red (or magenta), but we make no such distinction between blue and light blue. The Russians do and so do the Italians. In Russian, dark blue is siniy and light blue is goluboy and bear the same relation in that culture as red and pink do in English. [PAR] In general, we make finer distinctions between colors on the red-yellow end of the spectrum than we do on the blue-green end. [PAR] We have names for some of the blue-greens, but no stable idea of what they mean: turquoise is bluish or greenish. Azure is either light blue or light blue-green. It's impossible to pin these names down. [PAR] Blues have a long history as linguistic troublemakers. [PAR] Homer, of course, famously described the Mediterranean as the \"wine-dark sea.\" It is said that \"the Greeks had a word for it,\" but in this case, they didn't seem to have a word for \"blue.\" [PAR] Aristotle and other Greek writers seem to believe that all colors were derived from black and white. If you started with black and added white, you would get the blues and greens. If you started with white and darkened it, you would get yellows and reds. [PAR] The Greek word kyanos, which gives us our modern English \"cyan\" seems to have meant something like \"dark colored\" and subsumed colors we would call blue. But its usage in Greek literature makes clear it isn't just blue - Hektor's hair, for instance is described as kyanos in the Iliad, and there is no implication he was a punk rocker with blue hair. [PAR] What's blue to you? [PAR] Even today in English, there is ambiguity: What painters call blue and what color theorists call blue are two different things: Painters use the word for a wide range of blues, mostly up near the royal-blue end of things, while scientists use the word to describe a dark, almost purple shade"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dean Martin - Biography - IMDb Dean Martin - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Dean Martin [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 99 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (59) | Personal Quotes (24) | Salary (4) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] If there had to be an image for cool, the man to fit it would be Dean Martin. [PAR] Martin was born Dino Paul Crocetti in Steubenville, Ohio, to Angela (Barra) and Gaetano Alfonso Crocetti, a barber. His father was an Italian immigrant, and his mother was of Italian descent. He spoke only Italian until age five. Martin came up the hard way, with such jobs as a boxer (named Kid Crochet), a steel mill worker, a gas station worker and a card shark. [PAR] In 1946, he got his first ticket to stardom, as he teamed up with another hard worker who was also trying to hit it big in Hollywood: Jerry Lewis . Films such as At War with the Army (1950) sent the team toward superstardom. The duo were to become one of Hollywood's truly great teams. They lasted 11 years together, and starred in 16 movies. They were unstoppable, but personality conflicts broke up the team. Even without Lewis, Martin was a true superstar. [PAR] Few thought that Martin would go on to achieve solo success, but he did, winning critical acclaim for his role in The Young Lions (1958) with Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift , and Some Came Running (1958), with Shirley MacLaine and Frank Sinatra . Movies such as Rio Bravo (1959) brought him international fame. One of his best remembered films is in Ocean's 11 (1960), in which he played Sam Harmon alongside the other members of the legendary Rat Pack: Frank Sinatra , Sammy Davis Jr. , Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford . Martin proved potent at the box office throughout the 1960s, with films such as Bells Are Ringing (1960) and Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964), again with Rat Pack pals Sammy Davis Jr. and Sinatra. During much of the 1960s and 1970s, Martin's movie persona of a boozing playboy prompted a series of films as secret agent Matt Helm and his own television variety show. Airport (1970) followed, featuring Martin as a pilot. He also played a phony priest in The Cannonball Run (1981). [PAR] In 1965, Martin explored a new method for entertaining his fans: Television. That year he hosted one of the most successful TV series in history: The Dean Martin Show (1965), which lasted until 1973. In 1965 it won a Golden Globe Award. In 1973 he renamed it \"The Dean Martin Comedy Hour\", and from 1974 to 1984 it was renamed again, this time \"The Dean Martin Celebrity Roasts\". It became one of the most successful TV series in history, skewering such greats as Bob Hope , Frank Sinatra , Lucille Ball , James Stewart , George Burns ' Milton Berle , Don Rickles Phyllis Diller , and Joe Namath . [PAR] His last public role was a return to the stage, for a cross-country concert tour with Davis and Sinatra. He spoke affectionately of his fellow Rat Packers. \"The satisfaction that I get out of working with these two bums is that we have more laughs than the audience has\", Martin said. [PAR] After the 1980s, Martin took it easy--that is, until his son, Dean Paul Martin died in a plane crash in 1987. Devastated by the loss, from which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fallen Angels - Drama Online Fallen Angels - Drama Online [PAR] Fallen Angels [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 by NC Aventales AG, successors in title to the Estate of No\u00ebl Coward [PAR] Enquire about performing rights for professional performances at: [PAR] Alan Brodie Representation Ltd, Paddock Suite, The Courtyard, 55 Charterhouse Street, London EC1M 6HA [ http://www.alanbrodie.com ] [PAR] Enquire about performing rights for amateur performances at: [PAR] Samuel French Ltd, 52 Fitzroy Street, London W1P 6JR [ https://samuelfrench-london.co.uk ] [PAR] All rights whatsoever in this play are strictly reserved and application for performance etc. should be made before rehearsals to the performance rights holder. No performance may be given unless a licence has been obtained. No rights in incidental music or songs contained in the Work are hereby granted and performance rights for any performance/presentation whatsoever must be obtained from the respective copyright owners. [PAR] Acts: 3. Roles: Male (3) , Female (3) , Neutral (0) [PAR] Read play \u00bb [PAR] Fallen Angels is a biting, hilarious comedy about the rivalry between two bored married women as they await the arrival of their exotic former lover. Dramatising female sexual desire and frustration, the play\u2019s first performances in 1925 outraged the critics, who proclaimed it to be shocking and obscene. [PAR] As Jane and Julia\u2019s lacklustre husbands set off for a golfing weekend, a postcard arrives announcing the imminent visit of the dashing Maurice. This sets in play an evening of drunkenness and fevered anticipation, as Jane and Julia wait for dinner with their guest, and former lover. Host to hilarious interchanges and brilliant slapstick, the scenes also radically question female friendship, rivalry and sexual behaviour. What will happen when Maurice arrives? Can Jane and Julia\u2019s relationship actually be maintained, as they claim? [PAR] Rather than insulting British womanhood (as its scandalised opponents asserted) Coward\u2019s sharp, entertaining script incisively draws attention to male sexual hypocrisy, while probing the vacuous lives of the play's privileged protagonists. [PAR] Related[DOC] [TLE] LONDON THEATER - 'Fallen Angels' - Playing It Straight ... LONDON THEATER : 'Fallen Angels':Playing It Straight - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Fashion & Style |LONDON THEATER : 'Fallen Angels':Playing It Straight [PAR] Search [PAR] LONDON THEATER : 'Fallen Angels':Playing It Straight [PAR] By SHERIDAN MORLEY and INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE [PAR] NOV. 1, 2000 [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] LONDON\u2014 All in all, Noel Coward wrote some 60 plays, not that you'd know it from the way that only about three (\"Private Lives,\" \"Hay Fever\" and \"Blithe Spirit\") are regularly revived. [PAR] All credit therefore to the director Michael Rudman for bringing back one of the many rarities: \"Fallen Angels\" (at the Apollo) has not been seen in the West End for more than 30 years, and long before that it had always been, so far as Coward was concerned, a work in progress. [PAR] Its problem was always very simple: The heart of \"Fallen Angels\" is nothing weightier than a second act in which two [PAR] wealthy, fashionable, married women get roaring drunk. This in 1925 was more than enough to cause headlines of scandal and concern, thereby causing a gratifying number of respectable people to line up at the box office, as Coward was to write five years later of his \"Private Lives.\" [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Coward had just become the shock-boy of the London theater with \"The Vortex,\" a play about drug-taking (as a code for homosexuality), which he had opened in the previous year, and \"Fallen Angels\" seemed to some observers even worse, a sure sign"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ... Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne National Laboratory [PAR] Early Exploration [PAR] Tweet [PAR] BOOKSHELF [PAR] \u201cPlentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor\u201d by Charles E. Till and Yoon Chang gives the history of the IFR at Argonne. The book is available on Amazon.com\u2026 [PAR] More about the IFR \u00bb [PAR] Early Exploration [PAR] Early exploration nuclear reactors designed by the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory, the direct predecessor to Argonne National Laboratory, began the development of nuclear technology. [PAR] CP-3 [PAR] CP-1 (Chicago Pile 1 Reactor) [PAR] This drawing depicts the historic Dec. 2, 1942, event -- the first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. It took place under the abandoned football stands at the University of Chicago. Click on photo to view a larger image. [PAR] Chicago Pile 1 was the world's first nuclear reactor, built in 1942 by Nobel Prize winner Enrico Fermi. The reactor was built underneath the University of Chicago's Stagg Field football stadium. On Dec. 2, 1942, Enrico Fermi and 48 of his colleagues succeed in achieving in this reactor the world\u2019s first man-made controlled nuclear chain reaction, thereby establishing the ability of mankind to control the release of nuclear energy. He and other scientists from that group later founded Argonne National Laboratory. [PAR] Scale model of CP-1 reactor. Courtesy Archival Photographic Files, [apf2-00504], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library. [PAR] Click on photo to view a larger image. [PAR] Download image from Flickr [PAR] The photograph at right shows a scale model depicting Fermi\u2019s reactor setup on that day in 1942. The model shows a segment of the football stadium and gives a perspective on where the reactor was located under the stands. Fermi and his colleagues were assembled on the balcony to the right to observe the instruments recording the neutron intensity in the pile. After the reactor had sustained the chain reaction for 28 minutes the operators to the right of the reactor (in the left foreground of the photo) pushed in a cadmium control rod called zip, which absorbed neutrons and ended the chain reaction. The reactor fuel was lumps of uranium metal and uranium oxide; these were spaced on a cubic lattice within layers of graphite, with some graphite layers containing only uranium metal pseudospheres, some only uranium oxide pseudospheres, and some containing both. The pile was built by alternating graphite layers seeded with uranium metal and/or uranium oxide with layers of solid graphite blocks. The completed reactor contained 57 layers, which was about one layer beyond the critical stage needed to sustain the chain reaction. [PAR] Early in 1943, CP-1 was dismantled and moved to a less-populated site in the \"Argonne Forest\" section of the Cook County Forest Preserve in Palos Park. That part of the forest has since been renamed, but its appellation survives today in the name of Argonne National Laboratory. [PAR] For more information on CP-1 : [PAR] Watch the video on YouTube (posted on May 15, 2014) [PAR] CP-2 (Chicago Pile 2 Reactor) [PAR] In early 1943, Chicago Pile 1 was dismantled at the University of Chicago, moved to the Argonne Forest section of the Palos Hills Forest Preserve, and renamed Chicago Pile 2. Click on photo to view a larger image. [PAR] In early 1943 Manhattan Engineer District disassembled Chicago Pile 1 and rebuilt it at Palos Park, IL, as Chicago Pile 2. CP-2 had a thermal- power level of 10 kW. The fuel for CP-2 was natural uranium (uranium in which the natural abundance of the isotopes uranium-234, uranium-235,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How has The Joy of Sex changed since 1972? - The Guardian Stuart Jeffries on how The Joy of Sex has changed since 1972 | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The first edition of the Joy of Sex considered sex on moving motorbikes. \"If you have access to a private road, the hazards are yours,\" counselled the book's ironically surnamed author Dr Alex Comfort. Thirty-six years and 8m copies in 22 languages later, that passage has been excised from the New Joy of Sex. Funless if sensible safety legislation has since made sex on moving motorbikes illegal. Doing it on horseback (as mentioned in the 1972 edition) is also outlawed. So stop that too. [PAR] More importantly, The New Joy of Sex offers a woman's perspective for the first time. Psychologist Susan Quilliam has updated the original manual with 43 new sections. While acknowledging that Comfort was \"fully committed to women's pleasure\", Quilliam argues that we have since learned more about how to achieve it. So, for instance, there's much more on the clitoris (the old edition had only four sentences). Hurrah! But the book's still only targeted at straight couples. Boo! [PAR] Quilliam's updated version aims to reflect four decades of socio-sexual change. Out goes the prostitution section (\"We didn't think it had anything to do with loving relationships\"). In come hormones, sex shops, striptease, sex during pregnancy, and a harrowing section on penis injuries caused by vacuum cleaners (\"very hard to repair satisfactorily\"). [PAR] There's also lots about cybersex. \"Text, email, webcams, teledildonics can all be used to wind each other up to fever pitch during the working day prior to extended evening action,\" she writes. Quilliam, though, might have mentioned that some bosses frown on virtual foreplay during office hours. [PAR] Some things remain. The big toe, for instance. \"The pad of the male big toe applied to the clitoris or the vulva generally is a magnificent erotic instrument,\" wrote Comfort, words that appear unchanged in the new edition. Quilliam reckons to have cut only 9% of the original. [PAR] And there is also a section about horses, though not about lovemaking while astride moving ones. Equine roleplay has been practised since Aristotle was ridden horse-style by his lover. Those with bigger budgets than his might consider using a bit and saddle, or even pulling a small trap during S&M sessions, Quilliam suggests. \"Either sex can be the steed,\" she adds, in a remark typifying The New Joy of Sex's egalitarian spirit. Happy days![DOC] [TLE] How the Joy of Sex was illustrated - BBC News How the Joy of Sex was illustrated - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] How the Joy of Sex was illustrated [PAR] By Cordelia Hebblethwaite BBC World Service [PAR] 26 October 2011 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionIllustrator Chris Foss explains how he become involved in the book [PAR] Forty years ago, a London publisher was working on a groundbreaking sex manual - a \"gourmet guide\" to sexual pleasure, with copious and detailed illustrations. But how could this be done tastefully and legally? [PAR] Think of The Joy of Sex and chances are your mind will drift to an image of a man with a bushy beard and a woman with hairy armpits. [PAR] It's not a photograph, but the nearest thing to it in pen and ink. [PAR] In early 1970s Britain, photographs would have been too risque. But hand-drawn illustrations based on photographs? Maybe society was ready for that. [PAR] \"We were a bit nervous when we took this on,\" remembers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amnesty International - History Amnesty International - History [PAR] Amnesty International [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1977 [PAR] Amnesty International [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Amnesty International - History [PAR] Amnesty International was founded in 1961 by Peter Benenson, a British lawyer. It was originally his intention to launch an appeal in Britain with the aim of obtaining an amnesty for prisoners of conscience all over the world. The committee working for this cause soon found that a detailed documentation of this category of prisoners would be needed. Gradually they realized that the work would have to be carried out on a more permanent basis; the number of prisoners of conscience was enormous and they were to be found in every part of the world. [PAR] Amnesty International is a world-embracing movement working for the protection of human rights. It is independent of all governments and is neutral in its relation to political groups, ideologies and religious dividing lines. The movement works for the release of women and men who have been arrested for their convictions, the colour of their skin, their ethnic origin or their faith - provided that they have not themselves used force or exhorted others to resort to violence. It is this category of prisoners that Amnesty International calls \"prisoners of conscience\". The movement proclaimed 1977 \"Prisoners of Conscience Year\" and collected signatures for an appeal addressed to the General Assembly of the United Nations. [PAR] To begin with, Amnesty International was a British organization, but in 1963 an international secretariat was established. Se\u00e1n Mac Bride - later awarded the Nobel peace prize - became chairman of the organization in 1963, at a time when Amnesty International was rapidly expanding. Ten years after its foundation the organization comprised more than 1000 voluntary groups in 28 countries and the figures are steadily rising. In February this year (1977) there were 1874 groups in 33 countries. The present chairman of Amnesty International is the Swede Thomas Hammarberg. [PAR] In addition to its work for the prisoners of conscience - \"the forgotten prisoners\" - Amnesty International has also carried on campaigns against torture and ill-treatment as well as - in recent years - against capital punishment. In the statutes adopted by the organization in 1974 these three tasks are named as the most important ones for Amnesty International."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alvin Stardust: Obituary - BBC News Alvin Stardust: Obituary - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption Alvin Stardust in 1981 [PAR] With his bouffant quiff and extravagant sideburns, Alvin Stardust became a huge star with 1970s glam rock hits such as My Coo Ca Choo, You You You and Jealous Mind. [PAR] The singer and actor, who has died aged 72, had a career spanning more than five decades that included stage musicals and a stint in soap opera Hollyoaks. [PAR] Born Bernard Jewry in London's Muswell Hill in 1942, Stardust moved to Mansfield in Nottinghamshire with his family where his father had a new job as a salesman. [PAR] According to his official biography, his early musical influences came from the children's Saturday matinees at his local cinema where his idols were the singing cowboys, Roy Rogers and Gene Autry. [PAR] On his 12th birthday, the young Jewry was given his first guitar by his mother. He took it with him on a bus to Doncaster to see Buddy Holly, where he talked his way backstage and \"jammed\" with the singer and his band the Crickets. [PAR] Holly signed the guitar and over the years it had also been autographed by music stars such as Eddie Cochran, Gene Vincent, Johnny Kidd, Billy Fury, Bill Haley, The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image caption Alvin Stardust, then known as Shane Fenton, at Shirley Bassey's Record Shop on West End Lane, London, in 1962 [PAR] In an interview with The Scotsman in 2010, Stardust said he'd considered the guitar lost until he rediscovered the instrument - which he had named Peggy Sue - at his mother's house after she died. The discovery helped him decide to return to live touring. [PAR] He insured Peggy Sue for \u00a32m. \"I wouldn't sell it,\" the singer told the newspaper. \"That's my teenage years and memories of my mum when she bought it for me.\" [PAR] Stardust signed his first record deal in 1961 as the frontman of Shane Fenton and the Fentones. He had been asked to step in after the death of the group's previous singer, Johnny Theakstone. The band had a number of top 40 hits in the early 1960s and toured throughout Europe. [PAR] But it wasn't until 1973, when he signed up with Magnet Records, the singer took the name that would make him most famous. [PAR] Alvin Stardust's first hit My Coo Ca Choo, written by Peter Shelley, reached number two in the UK in December 1973. The follow-up single - Jealous Mind in 1974 - also by Shelley, was his only UK number one. [PAR] Now a household name, Stardust appeared on TV in the mid-1970s as part of the Green Cross Code road safety campaign. [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image caption Alvin Stardust and Liza Goddard on their wedding day in 1981 [PAR] Success continued into the 1980s with top 10 hits Pretend, I Feel Like Buddy Holly (written and produced by Mike Batt) and I Won't Run Away. [PAR] In the 1990s, Stardust turned to acting and made stage appearances in shows such as Godspell and David Copperfield - The Musical. [PAR] He spent six months in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang as the Child Catcher at the London Palladium in 2005. [PAR] He presented his own Sunday morning children's TV series, It's Stardust, on ITV in the late 1980s, while other TV appearances included Hollyoaks - where he played pub landlord Greg Andersen in 1995-96 - and Doctors. More recently he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 100 best novels, No 3 \u2013 Gulliver\u2019s Travels by Jonathan ... The 100 best novels, No 3 \u2013 Gulliver\u2019s Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726) | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The 100 best novels [PAR] The 100 best novels, No 3 \u2013 Gulliver\u2019s Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726) [PAR] Jonathan Swift\u2019s Gulliver\u2019s Travels comes third in our list of the best novels written in English. Robert McCrum discusses a satirical masterpiece that\u2019s never been out of print [PAR] On the island of Lilliput: a colour print from an 1860s edition of Gulliver\u2019s Travels. Photograph: Alamy [PAR] Sunday 6 October 2013 08.00 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Thursday 1 December 2016 10.59 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Seven years after the publication of Robinson Crusoe , the great Tory essayist and poet Jonathan Swift \u2013 inspired by the Scriblerus club, whose members included John Gay and Alexander Pope \u2013 composed a satire on travel narratives that became an immediate bestseller. According to Gay, Gulliver was soon being read \u201cfrom the cabinet council to the nursery\u201d. [PAR] In its afterlife as a classic, Gulliver\u2019s Travels works on many levels. First, it\u2019s a masterpiece of sustained and savage indignation, \u201cfurious, raging, obscene\u201d, according to Thackeray . Swift\u2019s satirical fury is directed against almost every aspect of early 18th-century life: science, society, commerce and politics. Second, stripped of Swift\u2019s dark vision, it becomes a wonderful travel fantasy for children, a perennial favourite that continues to inspire countless versions, in books and films. Finally, as a polemical tour de force, full of wild imagination, it became a source for Voltaire, as well as the inspiration for a Telemann violin suite, Philip K Dick\u2019s science-fiction story The Prize Ship , and, perhaps most influential of all, George Orwell\u2019s Animal Farm. [PAR] Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver (to give its original title) comes in four parts, and opens with Gulliver\u2019s shipwreck on the island of Lilliput, whose inhabitant are just six inches high. The most famous and familiar part of the book (\u201cLilliputian\u201d soon became part of the language) is a satirical romp in which Swift takes some memorable shots at English political parties and their antics, especially the controversy on the matter of whether boiled eggs should be opened at the big or the little end. [PAR] Next, Gulliver\u2019s ship, the Adventure, gets blown off course and he is abandoned on Brobdingnag whose inhabitants are giants with a proportionately gigantic landscape. Here, having been dominant on Lilliput, Gulliver is exhibited as a curious midget, and has a number of local dramas such as fighting giant wasps. He also gets to discuss the condition of Europe with the King, who concludes with Swiftian venom that \u201cthe bulk of your natives [are] the most pernicious race of odious little vermin that Nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth.\u201d [PAR] In the third part of his travels, Gulliver visits the flying island of Laputa (a place-name also referenced in Stanley Kubrick\u2019s film Dr Strangelove ), and Swift mounts a dark and complicated assault on the speculations of contemporary science (notably spoofing the attempted extraction of sunbeams from cucumbers). Finally, in the section that influenced Orwell (Gulliver\u2019s Travels was one of his favourite books), Swift describes the country of the Houyhnhnms, horses with the qualities of rational men. These he contrasts with the loathsome Yahoos, brutes in human shape. Orwell would later echo Swift\u2019s misanthropy, looking ahead to a time \u201cwhen the human race had finally been overthrown.\u201d [PAR] At the end of it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wallace Carothers and the Development of Nylon - Landmark ... Wallace Carothers and the Development of Nylon - Landmark - American Chemical Society [PAR] Wallace Carothers and Polymer Science [PAR] Wallace Carothers and the Development of Nylon [PAR] National Historic Chemical Landmark [PAR] Dedicated October 26, 1995, at the DuPont nylon plant in Seaford, Delaware (now operated by Invista), and November 17, 2000, at the DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Delaware. [PAR] Commemorative Booklet\u2014The Establishment of Modern Polymer Science By Wallace H. Carothers (PDF) [PAR] The establishment of modern polymer science by Wallace Carothers and the first nylon plant, built by DuPont, at Seaford, are two deeply interwoven National Historic Chemical Landmarks. The research of Carothers not only confirmed the existence of molecules of extremely high molecular weight, but led as well to the development of nylon, the first totally synthetic fiber used in consumer products. [PAR] Contents [PAR] \u201cThe Establishment of Modern Polymer Science By Wallace H. Carothers\u201d commemorative booklet produced by the National Historic Chemical Landmarks program of the American Chemical Society in 2000 (PDF). [PAR] Developments in Modern Polymer Science [PAR] When Wallace H. Carothers joined the research staff of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont) in early 1928, polymer science was still in its infancy \u2014 poorly understood and full of uncertainties. [PAR] By the early 20th century, chemists had learned that many materials were polymeric \u2014 including such natural substances as proteins, cellulose, and rubber. Other polymers had been synthesized in the laboratory from smaller molecules like styrene, vinyl chloride, and acrylic acid. At least one synthetic polymer, Bakelite , a hard resin produced from phenol and formaldehyde by Leo H. Baekeland in 1907, was a big commercial success. Chemists knew, too, that polymers were molecules of high molecular weight (for example 40,000 or more) made up of huge numbers of smaller chemical units. But how these units were arranged and held together was not clear. Many eminent chemists believed that polymers were aggregates, perhaps colloids, consisting of relatively small molecules held together by some intermolecular force of uncertain nature. [PAR] In the early 1920s, the German organic chemist (and 1953 Nobel laureate) Hermann Staudinger postulated that polymers consisted of units linked together by the same covalent bonds found in smaller organic molecules. Throughout the 1920s, Staudinger supported his view with new experimental evidence, and other chemists, among them Karl Freudenberg, Michael Polanyi, Kurt Meyer, and Herman Mark , came up with additional evidence backing Staudinger. The subject, nevertheless, remained controversial well into the 1930s. [PAR] Carothers had no direct contact with these chemists, but his ideas were generally in line with those of Staudinger. His research approach, on the other hand, was quite different. Whereas Staudinger focused his study on the analysis of natural polymers, Carothers built up polymers by reacting small organic molecules by means of well-known reactions \u2014 for example, by combining dicarboxylic acids with diols or diamines \u2014 to form long, macromolecular chains. [PAR] In addition to the many experimental studies, Carothers believed that mathematics could be applied to understand the formation and properties of polymers. To this end, Paul J. Flory was hired in 1934 and introduced to polymers by Carothers. The seminal ideas they advanced provided the foundation of many of the theoretical methods for studying polymers used to this day. Flory's accomplishments were recognized with the 1974 Nobel Prize in chemistry. [PAR] The research accomplishments of Staudinger and Carothers, along with that of their colleagues, during the 1920s and 1930s laid the foundations of modern polymer science and today's plastics, synthetic fiber, and rubber"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a Mustang? - National Mustang Association National Mustang Association [PAR] What is a Mustang? [PAR] The term \"Mustang\" refers to the wild horses that roam the ranges of the western United States. The Mustang is not a breed but rather a mixture of many breeds that have co-mingled over many years. Swift, sure-footed, tough, and intelligent, Mustangs weigh from 600 to 1000 pounds and are well suited for the rugged conditions of life on the western ranges. [PAR] These wild horses are descendants of animals that escaped from or were released by Spanish explorers, ranchers, miners, soldiers, and Native Americans. In the mid-seventeenth century they numbered between two and four million. Today, only about 50,000 survive. This drastic reduction in their numbers was due in part to the \"mustangers\" who rounded up wild horses and sent them to slaughter. [PAR] After a nationwide grassroots effort to protect these magnificent creatures, Congress passed the Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act in 1971 which states: \"..wild free roaming horses..are living symbols of the historic and pioneer spirit of the West; they contribute to the diversity of life forms within the nation and enrich the lives of the American people\". [PAR] The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior that administers 264 million acres of public lands, was entrusted with the responsibility of preserving and managing the wild horse herds to maintain an ecological balance between wild horse hers to maintain an ecological balance between wild horses, native wildlife and domestic animals grazing on western public lands. [PAR] Wild Horse Issues [PAR] But with so many millions of acres of public lands under its jurisdiction, the BLM needs assistance from private citizens and organizations to monitor the well-being of the wild horse herds and the rangeland they inhabit. For example, over the last thirty years many environmental changes have occurred that have adversely affected wild horse habitat. [PAR] In addition, the rangelands where Mustangs roam free have come under heavy attack by some who feel their personal survival is threatened as well as those who feel the wild horse is interfering with the grazing 'rights' of other types of animals on those same lands. [PAR] Report after report tells gruesome stories of wild horses that have been found dead. Some of these animals were shot, others poisoned, and still others died from thirst or starvation. Many experienced slow, agonizing deaths. This wanton slaughter and destruction of a national resource cannot be allowed to continue."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A-Z of British world champions | Sport | The Guardian A-Z of British world champions | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] A-Z of British world champions [PAR] Pete Nichols [PAR] Monday 24 December 2001 17.55 EST [PAR] First published on Monday 24 December 2001 17.55 EST [PAR] Lisa Adams [PAR] Waterskiing - cable-ski slalom [PAR] Adams, from Weybridge, took up waterskiing as a four-year-old in Corfu and won her first European trophy at 11. Since switching to cable-skiing (pulled by an overhead cable rather than boat) at the age of 15 she has won seven national titles and eight European titles, and in 2000, only two days after her 20th birthday, she won the world slalom title. [PAR] Kate Allenby, Stephanie Cook, Georgina Harland and Sian Lewis [PAR] Modern pentathlon - women's individual (Cook), team (Allenby, Cook, Lewis) and relay (Allenby, Cook, Harland) [PAR] If the Olympic victory of Stephanie Cook, right, was the finest hour for Britain's pentathletes, the world championships at Millfield School in Somerset in July ran it close. In a rare show of dominance the host nation came away with all three women's titles. Cook, of course, was the star of the show, participating in relay and team victories before adding her first individual world title. [PAR] Cook chose that moment to bow out. It was a blow, but she could hardly have left the sport in better heart. The 23-year-old Georgina Harland, who had beaten Cook in the British championships in April, powered through in the final stages of the run to take third place at Millfield; the Olympic bronze medallist Kate Allenby placed fifth; and Sian Lewis was 14th. Remarkably, had Cook's score not counted at all, Britain would still have won the team title. [PAR] Kate Brown [PAR] Clay pigeon shooting - English sporting [PAR] The 22-year-old from Walton in Leicestershire took up the sport little more than four years ago but has twice been crowned world champion in the English sporting discipline. Her first title came at Findon, Sussex, last year. This spring she successfully defended her crown in San Antonio in Texas. [PAR] Daniel Caines [PAR] Athletics - indoor 400m [PAR] Caines won his world title in Lisbon in March, squeezing home ahead of the American Milton Campbell. The 22-year-old Swansea graduate comes from an accomplished sporting family. His uncles Garry and Keith Thompson played for Aston Villa and Coventry respectively and his mother Blondelle was an international hurdler. [PAR] Charlotte Cornwallis [PAR] Real tennis [PAR] Penny Lumley had dominated real tennis since she won her first title in 1989, losing only three games in 12 years. When the 28-year-old Cornwallis triumphed in Washington DC it was arguably the biggest shock ever in women's real tennis. [PAR] James Cracknell, Matthew Pinsent and Neil Chugani [PAR] Rowing - coxed pair and coxless pair [PAR] When you have won three Olympic titles before your 30th birthday motivation can be a problem. So, for Matthew Pinsent the priority for this year was to find a goal that would challenge the rower generally recognised to be the strongest in world sweep rowing. The partnership with James Cracknell, right, also in the winning coxless four at Sydney, provided just that. Together, they mapped out a world championships schedule never previously successfully undertaken, that of winning both the final of the coxed pair and the coxless pair, the two events held within 90 minutes of each other at Lucerne. The first challenge had been Cracknell's, having to switch his oar to the bowside (left) of the boat meant a different pattern to the stroke. His"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Hot is That Pepper? How Scientists Measure Spiciness ... How Hot is That Pepper? How Scientists Measure Spiciness | Arts & Culture | Smithsonian [PAR] How Hot is That Pepper? How Scientists Measure Spiciness [PAR] How does the Scoville Scale rate the relative spiciness of a chili pepper? [PAR] By Twilight Greenaway [PAR] The Gut-Wrenching Science Behind the World\u2019s Hottest Peppers [PAR] Photo by Katte Belletje. [PAR] In 2007, the Naga Bhut Joloki or \u201cGhost chile\u201d was named the hottest pepper on earth. Then in 2010 the Naga Viper stole the title. And in 2012 the Trinidad Scorpion Moruga Blend moved into the lead. And for good reason. [PAR] The Scorpion ranks at round 2 million heat units on the Scoville scale . (For comparison, tabasco sauce has 2,500\u20135,000 Scoville heat units or SHU.) What exactly does that mean? When the scale was invented in 1912 by pharmacist Wilbur Scoville in search of a heat-producing ointment, it was based on human taste buds. The idea was to dilute an alcohol-based extract made with the given pepper until it no longer tasted hot to a group of taste testers. The degree of dilution translates to the SHU. In other words, according to the Scoville scale, you would need as many as 5,000 cups of water to dilute 1 cup of tobacco sauce enough to no longer taste the heat. [PAR] And while the Scoville scale is still widely used, says Dr. Paul Bosland , professor of horticulture at New Mexico State University and author or several books on chile peppers, it no longer relies on the fallible human taste bud. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s easy to get what\u2019s called taster\u2019s fatigue,\u201d says Bosland. \u201cPretty soon your receptors are worn out or overused, and you can\u2019t taste anymore. So over the years, we\u2019ve devised a system where we used what\u2019s called high performance liquid chromatography.\u201d [PAR] Photo of Wilbur Scoville courtesy of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. [PAR] That\u2019s a fancy way of saying that scientists are now able to determine how many parts per million of heat-causing alkaloids are present in a given chile pepper. The same scientists have also figured out that if they multiply that number by 16, they\u2019ll arrive at the pepper\u2019s Scoville rating (or \u201cclose enough for the industry,\u201d says Bosland). [PAR] And, let\u2019s face it, who would want to be the one to taste test a pepper named after a viper or a scorpion? Or maybe the better question is what sane person would? The BBC recently reported on the first man to finish an entire portion of a curry made with ghost chiles, called \u201cThe Widower,\u201d and he suffered actual hallucinations due to the heat. Bosland told the AP in 2007 he thought the ghost chile had been given it\u2019s name \u201cbecause the chili is so hot, you give up the ghost when you eat it.\u201d How\u2019s that for inviting? [PAR] Indeed, the capsaicin , the spicy chemical compound found in chiles demands the diner\u2019s attention much like actual heat heat does. And it turns out there\u2019s science behind that similarity. \u201cThe same receptor that says \u2018hot coffee\u2019 to your brain is telling you \u2018hot chile peppers,\u2019\u201d says Bosland. [PAR] And what about the rumor that very hot peppers have the potential to damage our taste buds? Not true. Bosland says we should think of chile heat like we do the taste of salt; easy to overdo in the moment, but not damaging to your mouth over the long term. Even the hottest habanero (100,000\u2013350,000 on the Scoville scale), which can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] European Union | Human Rights Watch World Report 2016: European Union | Human Rights Watch [PAR] Espa\u00f1ol [PAR] In a year marked by horrific attacks by armed extremists in Paris in January and November, and a deepening refugee crisis, the European Union and its member states struggled to develop an effective and principled response to the hundreds of thousands of asylum seekers and migrants who reached Europe. Narrow government interests too often displaced sound policy responses, delaying protection and shelter for vulnerable people and raising questions about the union\u2019s purpose and limits. [PAR] More than 800,000 asylum seekers and migrants have arrived in Europe by sea in 2015, with most traveling onward to northern and western EU countries. [PAR] Migration and Asylum [PAR] Poor management and disagreements among EU member states escalated a crisis, as large numbers of migrants and asylum seekers reached Europe, most by sea. At time of writing, more than 850,000 people had crossed the sea during the year to reach Europe. The vast majority\u2014an estimated 82 percent\u2014of people crossed the Aegean Sea, from Turkey to Greece, and only 17 percent crossed the central Mediterranean, from North Africa to Italy, historically the most common sea route. [PAR] According to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), 84 percent of those arriving by sea came from the refugee-producing countries of Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Iraq, and Somalia. Nigerians, Gambians, Sudanese, Pakistanis and Malians together made up seven percent of the new arrivals. [PAR] The EU tripled the budget and resources of patrol operations in the Mediterranean following the deaths at sea of more than 1,000 people in a single week in April. Frontex, the EU\u2019s external border agency, began patrolling in international waters near Libya and increased patrols in the Aegean Sea, carrying out search-and-rescue and border enforcement activities. While tens of thousands of people were rescued throughout the year, including by private humanitarian initiatives, more than 3,500 migrants died or went missing at sea. [PAR] Many of those who reached Greece by sea continued their journey over land through the Western Balkans, encountering police abuse in EU candidates Serbia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and EU member Hungary, and appalling detention conditions at times in Macedonia and Hungary. [PAR] In September, thousands of migrants and asylum seekers were stuck at various borders with inadequate shelter, unable to proceed with their journeys but with no genuine alternative, and at times dispersed by tear gas and water cannons. Hungary effectively closed its border with Serbia to asylum seekers and migrants in September, and with Croatia in October. Slovenia and Croatia at times blocked access for asylum seekers and migrants in September and October. In late November, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia imposed border restrictions for asylum seekers and migrants, allowing only certain nationalities, including Syrians, to enter. [PAR] EU governments worked fitfully over the course of the year to implement a set of proposals on migration and asylum policy that the European Commission made in May. An EU-wide refugee resettlement scheme was established, with countries pledging over 22,000 places over the next two years. Following a fractious debate and over the objections of Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania, EU governments agreed to a program to relocate over the next two years a total of 160,000 asylum seekers who had landed in Italy, Greece, and potentially other countries experiencing significant arrivals. The United Kingdom opted out. At time of writing, only 159 asylum seekers had been relocated from Italy and Greece to other EU member states under the scheme. [PAR] The majority of the commission\u2019s proposals focused"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lee Marvin - Wand'rin Star (ReMastered Audio) (1969) (HD ... Lee Marvin - Wand'rin Star (ReMastered Audio) (1969) (HD) - YouTube [PAR] Lee Marvin - Wand'rin Star (ReMastered Audio) (1969) (HD) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 27, 2013 [PAR] Digital ReMastered Soundtrack... [PAR] He may not have had the best singing voice in the world but no one can better Lee Marvin singing \"Wand'rin Star\" from the hit 1969 musical \"Paint Your Wagon\"... [PAR] One of those songs that once heard never forgotten and no one else can sing it like Lee Marvin did... :-) [PAR] Took the 2001 digital remastered audio CD release of the soundtrack and matched it into the movie... it's never sounded better... :-) [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Wanderin Star, Various Artists - Wand'rin' Star: Movie ... Wanderin Star, Various Artists - Wand'rin' Star: Movie & TV Songs - Amazon.com Music [PAR] Wand'rin' Star: Movie & TV Songs [PAR] Audio CD | Import [PAR] Audio CD, Import, Soundtrack, January 2, 2007 [PAR] \"Please retry\" [PAR] Garth Brooks Streaming Exclusively on Amazon Music [PAR] With Amazon Music Unlimited you can listen to every album by Garth Brooks. Learn more [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] Wand'rin' Star: Movie & TV Songs [Import,Soundtrack] [PAR] $21.10 Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime Only 1 left in stock. Sold by Fulfillment Express US and Fulfilled by Amazon . Gift-wrap available. [PAR] Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Something we hope you'll especially enjoy: FBA items qualify for FREE Shipping and . [PAR] If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] These items are shipped from and sold by different sellers. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Wand'rin' Star: Movie & TV Songs by Wanderin Star Audio CD $21.10 [PAR] Only 1 left in stock. [PAR] Sold by Fulfillment Express US and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Paint Your Wagon (1969 Film) by Paint Your Wagon (Related Recordings) Audio CD $6.99 [PAR] In Stock. [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Your cost could be $0.00 instead of $21.10! Get a $50 Amazon.com Gift Card instantly upon approval for the Amazon Rewards Visa Card Apply now [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Western is alive and kickin' at Bear Family. Our previous two volumes of western themes 'My Rifle, My Pony And Me' and 'From Alamo To El Dorado' were so successful that we've done a third. Culled from the cream of movie and television westerns from the Forties to the Sixties, 'Wanderin' Star' includes some of the rip"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] L.A. Hilden - Blog L.A. Hilden - Blog [PAR] Blog [PAR] Beau Brummell [PAR] Published on November 12, 2012 by lahilden | Views: 3914 [PAR] Beau Brummell was an iconic man during the Regency period and the legend of his fashion sense still lives on today. Brummell established the style for men to rid themselves of their overly ornate fashions. Brummell insisted upon an image of more refined and elegant taste. He believed a dark, perfectly tailored coat, with full-length trousers, a crisp white linen shirt, and intricately tied cravat was the message of elegance men should portray. He didn\u2019t care for the knee breeches and stockings that were so popular at the time. Although, knee breeches were mandatory if one were to frequent Almack\u2019s, one of the social clubs during the period. [PAR] Brummell is credited with introducing the modern men\u2019s suit, worn with a tie. He was not only known for his style of dress, but also for his daily grooming, which included shaving, teeth brushing, and daily bathing, which was not ordinary at the time. He claimed it took him five hours to dress, which to my calculation, for a man, that is four and a half hours too long. He preferred his boots to be polished with champagne, whereas I would have preferred to drink it. [PAR] Brummell\u2019s preference of dress had people regarding him as the epitome of a fashion conscious dandy. A dandy is a man who placed great importance upon his appearance, refined language, and pursuits. Dandies often portrayed themselves with cool nonchalance. A dandy with a self-made, middle-class background often tried to imitate the aristocracy. Brummell himself was not from an aristocratic background. He was the early form of what we would call a celebrity. He was in essence, famous for being famous, although his friendship with the Prince Regent helped in that regard. [PAR] Brummell was educated at Eton and then went onto Oxford University. While attending Eton, he modernized the cravat, which was the mark of the Eton boy, and he added a gold buckle to it. In 1794, Brummell became a low rank commissioned officer in the Tenth Royal Hussars, a personal regiment of the Prince Regent. Brummell was promoted to lieutenant in 1795. The prince was drawn to Brummell\u2019s witty personality, which was biting, and often times, too honest. He was known as an excellent storyteller and conversationalist. [PAR] Due to his friendship with the regent, Brummell in turn, was allowed to shirk his duties in his regiment and basically do as he pleased. He was made captain in 1796, which angered some of the older officers who felt Brummell was receiving special treatment. When his regiment was sent to Manchester, he resigned his commission, claiming the city of Manchester lacked atmosphere and culture. [PAR] As a civilian, he still remained friends with the regent and this friendship gained him access into the regent\u2019s royal society. [PAR] Brummell took a house in Chesterfield and tried to avoid gambling and other extravagances, since he now was rubbing elbows with the wealthy elite. Nevertheless, he refused to spend less on his clothing. Men of superior rank continued to seek his advice on their dress. It is said that when Brummell was asked how much money a man should spend yearly on his attire, his response was, \u201cWhy, with tolerable economy, I think it might be done with eight hundred pounds.\u201d Today, this amount is roughly equivalent to $63,780.00 a year in U.S. dollars. [PAR] Unfortunately, Brummell\u2019s wealthy friends would lead him to spend far too much money on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Del Boy and Rodney - Who is talking about Del Boy and ... Del Boy and Rodney - Who is talking about Del Boy and Rodney on FLICKR [PAR] 1970 Reliant Regal Supervan 3 [PAR] Royal Mail Livery [PAR] In 1935 Reliant started by making three-wheeled vans but added a passenger car to its range in 1952, the first Regal. Initially using aluminium panels over a wooden body frame, from 1955 Regal bodies were made from glass fibre reinforced plastic. The most significant advance came in 1962 with the Regal 3/25. The 3/25 was a monocoque construction, made entirely from glass fibre and its new Reliant 600cc engine was the first all-aluminium engine in a UK series production car and later increased to 700cc. [PAR] It was the van version of the Regal, which made the model infamous. A yellow Supervan II was immortalised as Del-Boy and Rodney Trotter's delivery van of choice in the long-running BBC TV comedy series, Only Fools and Horses. [PAR] For the average car buyer, the Regal offered advantages in low running costs, good economy and lower vehicle tax, as well as being able to be driven by people with a motorcycle licence. When the Morris Minor Van was reaching the last days of its production, the Post Office investigated a number of models as a replacement for its fleet of delivery vans. In 1970, 50 Regal Supervan III's entered service with the Royal Mail on a trial basis, although the model was not selected as the Minor's eventual successor. [PAR] Engine: 4cyl, 700cc [PAR] Recent Updated: 4 months ago - Created by Karen Roe - View [PAR] Copyright and permission to use should be sought to the author - Karen Roe [PAR] Restored: HVW26H Reliant Regal Supervan [PAR] There seem to be a few of these copy Reliant Vans around remembering the BBC comedy series 'Only Fools and Horses'. This nice example, new in 1970, was the second one seen at the Scorton Steam Show on 19/06/2016, however this one has 'Del Boy' and 'Rodney' and is seen near the end of the day in the display ring together with trademark 'smoke' coming from the exhaust. \u00a9 Peter Steel 2016. [PAR] Recent Updated: 6 months ago - Created by Peter Steel - View [PAR] Copyright and permission to use should be sought to the author - Peter Steel [PAR] Restored: HVW26H Reliant Regal Supervan [PAR] There seem to be a few of these copy Reliant Vans around remembering the BBC comedy series 'Only Fools and Horses'. This nice example, new in 1970, was the second one seen at the Scorton Steam Show on 19/06/2016, however this one has 'Del Boy' and 'Rodney' and is seen near the end of the day in the display ring together with trademark 'smoke' coming from the exhaust. \u00a9 Peter Steel 2016. [PAR] Recent Updated: 6 months ago - Created by Peter Steel - View [PAR] Copyright and permission to use should be sought to the author - Peter Steel [PAR] Restored: HVW26H Reliant Regal Supervan [PAR] There seem to be a few of these copy Reliant Vans around remembering the BBC comedy series 'Only Fools and Horses'. This nice example, new in 1970, was the second one seen at the Scorton Steam Show on 19/06/2016, however this one has 'Del Boy' and 'Rodney' in attendance! \u00a9 Peter Steel 2016. [PAR] Recent Updated: 6 months ago - Created by Peter Steel - View [PAR] Copyright and permission to use should be sought to the author - Peter Steel [PAR] Restored: HVW26H Reliant Regal Supervan [PAR] There seem"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Sentamu : definition of John Sentamu and synonyms of ... John Sentamu : definition of John Sentamu and synonyms of John Sentamu (English) [PAR] John Tucker Mugabi Sentamu ( [PAR] English pronunciation: [PAR] /\u02c8s\u025bnt\u0251\u02d0mu\u02d0/ ; born 10 June 1949) is the 97th Archbishop of York , Metropolitan of the province of York, Primate of England and a columnist for a tabloid newspaper.[ which? ] He is the second most senior cleric in the Church of England , after the Archbishop of Canterbury , Rowan Williams . [PAR] Born near Kampala in present-day Uganda , Sentamu studied law at Makerere University before gaining employment as an advocate of the Supreme Court of Uganda . Speaking out against the regime of President Idi Amin , he was briefly imprisoned before fleeing to the United Kingdom in 1974. Here, he devoted himself to Anglicanism , beginning his study of theology at Selwyn College, Cambridge in 1976 and eventually gaining a doctorate in 1984. He studied for ordination at Ridley Hall, Cambridge , and was ordained in 1979. In 1996 he was consecrated as the Bishop of Stepney and in 2002 moved to the position of Bishop of Birmingham . In 2005 he was appointed to the position of Archbishop of York. [PAR] Sentamu is a traditionalist within the Church of England, generally supporting socially conservative moral positions, publicly criticising multiculturalism and LGBT rights .[ citation needed ] He has also received publicity for his vocal criticism of Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe .[ citation needed ] [PAR] Contents [PAR] 6 External links [PAR] Life and career [PAR] Sentamu was born in 1949 in a village near Kampala , Uganda, the sixth of 13 children. He studied law (LL.B.) at Makerere University , Kampala , and practised as an advocate of the High Court of Uganda until 1974. In 1973 he married Margaret. [2] Three weeks after his marriage he incurred the wrath of the dictator Idi Amin and was detained for 90 days. In a speech in 2007, he described how during that time he had been \"kicked around like a football and beaten terribly\", saying \"the temptation to give up hope of release was always present\". [3] He fled his home country to arrive as an immigrant in the United Kingdom in 1974. [PAR] Sentamu studied theology at Selwyn College, Cambridge (BA 1976, MA 1979, PhD 1984). He was baptized at Eden Baptist Church, Cambridge. He trained for the priesthood at Ridley Hall, Cambridge , being ordained a priest in 1979. His doctoral thesis is entitled \"Some aspects of soteriology , with particular reference to the thought of J.K. Mozley , from an African perspective\". [4] He worked as assistant chaplain at Selwyn College, as chaplain at a remand centre and as curate and vicar in a series of parish appointments before his consecration , in 1996, as Bishop of Stepney (a suffragan see in the Diocese of London ). It was during this time that he served as advisor to the Stephen Lawrence Judicial Enquiry. In 2002 he chaired the Damilola Taylor review. That same year he was appointed Bishop of Birmingham where his ministry, according to the Archbishop of Canterbury , Rowan Williams , was praised by \"Christians of all backgrounds\".[ citation needed ] Sentamu became President of Youth for Christ in 2004 and President of the YMCA in April 2005. [5] [PAR] On 17 June 2005 the prime minister's office announced Sentamu's translation to York as the 97th archbishop. [6] He was formally elected by the chapter of York Minster on 21 July, [7] legally confirmed as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Archangels - Psychic Revelation Archangels [PAR] Archangels [PAR] [PAR] Archangels [PAR] There are generally considered to be seven Archangels: Michael, Jophiel, Chamuel, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel and Zadkiel. Archangels are the supreme beings within the Angelic Realm. As with angels, Archangels can be called upon to help us in our hour of need. Archangels (and Angels for that matter) are not servants, they should be treated like a welcome friend or guest. [PAR] The Archangel Michael: Michael is the Angel of Protection and is associated with the color blue. Michael can be asked for protection against any sort of physical or spiritual danger. These might include robbers, stalkers, accidents, astral attacks, psychic attacks, witchcraft and the evil eye etc. Spiritually the Archangel Michael can help restore your faith in God and free you from self-doubt and fear. [PAR] The Archangel Jophiel: Jophiel is the Angel of Illumination and is associated with the color yellow. Jophiel can help free you (or loved ones) from addictions. He can help improve your memory, help you pass examinations etc. Spiritually the Archangel Jophiel can help you to connect to your higher self and show you the right way when difficult decisions need to be made. [PAR] The Archangel Chamuel: Chamuel is the Angel of Love and corresponds to the color pink. Chamuel is the angel of compassion, forgiveness, mercy and understanding. This is the angel who can help you repair damaged relationships, or make new friends. Chamuel can help you to dispel feelings of self-condemnation, guilt and low self-esteem. [PAR] The Archangel Gabriel: Gabriel is the Angel of Guidance and corresponds to the color white. Gabriel can help you to organize your life as well as provide you with advice and guidance - particularly with education or career. Spiritually Gabriel can help you to find your life's purpose and to replace feelings of discouragement with fulfillment. [PAR] The Archangel Raphael: Raphael is the Angel of Healing and is associated with the color green. Raphael is responsible for the healing of body, mind, soul and spirit. He can help put your daily bread on the table. When you are in need of clothing, food or shelter, Raphael is the angel to call upon. Raphael can also help your doctor make the right decision and aspiring musicians make beautiful music. Spiritually Raphael mends broken spirits and helps you accept the truth. [PAR] The Archangel Uriel: Uriel is the Angel of Peace and is associated with the colors purple and gold. Uriel resolves all problems in personal, social and professional relationships and helps to create harmony in life. Uriel is the angel of nurses, doctors, counselors and teachers. Spiritually he can help you to let go of bitterness and resentment, renewing hope in the hearts of those that have lost faith. He is also the angel who manifests divine justice. [PAR] The Archangel Zadkiel: Zadkiel is the Angel of Joy and is associated with the color violet. Zadkiel is the angel to call upon if you need work as an actor, writer or performer. He is also the angel of architects and engineers. Freedom, happiness, justice and mercy are all championed by Zadkiel.[DOC] [TLE] Archangel - Paranormality Archangel [PAR] Contact [PAR] Archangel (Main extracts reproduced with kind permission from the Sarah's Archangels website). [PAR] Archangel n : in medieval angelology archangels were high ranking angels who belonged to the eighth of the nine ranks of the Celestial Hierarchy . The word from Middle English and from Old French is 'archangele' and 'archangelus' from Late Latin. 'Arkhangelos' from Late Greek. [PAR] Pseudo-Dionysis, a scholar who gave us"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Perth | Scotland, United Kingdom | Britannica.com Perth | Scotland, United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] Scotland, United Kingdom [PAR] Alternative Title: Saint John\u2019s Town [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Perth, city and royal burgh, Perth and Kinross council area, historic county of Perthshire , Scotland . Perth lies on the right bank of the River Tay . Its name is probably Celtic. [PAR] Bridge over the River Tay at Perth, Scot. [PAR] Dudesleeper [PAR] Perth was well established by the 12th century, a burgh (town) in 1106 and a royal burgh in 1210. Until about 1452 it served as the capital of Scotland and was therefore both a frequent royal residence and a centre of government. During the Scottish Wars of Independence, Perth was taken by Edward I of England , who strengthened its fortifications in 1298. It was retaken by Robert I (the Bruce) in 1313 during the fourth of the town\u2019s seven sieges. The English held it again from 1335 to 1339. Perth was a Jacobite city during the Scottish uprisings of 1715 and 1745, and the insurgent James Edward , the Old Pretender, was proclaimed king at its market cross. [PAR] Few buildings remain from this eventful past, apart from the Church of St. John the Baptist, which was built about 1440 and replaced an earlier church on the site. There in 1559 John Knox preached an inflammatory sermon denouncing idolatry, as a result of which four monasteries in Perth were destroyed by mobs. The Salutation Hotel, built in 1699, is said to be the oldest hotel building in Scotland. The city\u2019s notable modern public buildings include St. Ninian\u2019s Episcopal Cathedral (1850\u201390) and Perth prison, erected in 1812 to house French prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars. [PAR] Balhousie Castle, Perth, Scot. [PAR] During the Middle Ages Perth was a significant river port at the head of the Tay estuary, but it gradually declined. Fertilizers are still imported in quantity, and seed potatoes are exported. Perth has long been a centre for whisky blending and distilling, food processing, and the manufacture of glass. Although the city has always maintained a wide range of industries, it is more important as the commercial centre for its agricultural hinterland. Its livestock sales are famous in Great Britain. During the late 20th century a variety of corporations established offices in Perth, and it became a centre for business and financial services. Perth houses Perth College, a member of the University of the Highlands and Islands Perth. Perth is the historic county town (seat) of Perthshire and the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross. Pop. (2004 est.) 43,590. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Perth (Scotland) \u2013 Travel guide at Wikivoyage Perth (Scotland) \u2013 Travel guide at Wikivoyage [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] Perth \"St John's Toon\" used to be Scotland's capital from the 12th century on with the important Scone Palace nearby. Nowadays it is a pretty quiet place, and population of the town is 47,000, many of whom work in financial and customer services. [PAR] By car[ edit ] [PAR] Perth Bridge over the River Tay [PAR] Perth can be accessed from Edinburgh via the M90 from the south, Glasgow and Stirling via the M80/M9/A9 from the southwest, Inverness via the A9 from the north, Dundee and Aberdeen via the A90 from the east and the A85 from the West. Broxden Roundabout, on the outskirts of Perth, is unique as it lists all seven of Scotland's cities on its exit signs, as well as Crianlarich , a small village that must be passed through en route to major"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roger Hodgson Discusses Supertramp's Crime of the Century ... Roger Hodgson Discusses Supertramp's Crime of the Century Album - YouTube [PAR] Roger Hodgson Discusses Supertramp's Crime of the Century Album [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 20, 2014 [PAR] Crime of the Century, released in 1974, was Supertramp\u2019s breakthrough album & Roger Hodgson's song, Dreamer, became the band\u2019s first international hit. Enjoy this video of Roger discussing the creation of the Crime of the Century album & the recording of his timeless classic, Dreamer. Roger\u2019s other songs off the album, School, Hide in Your Shell & If Everyone Was Listening, are fan favorites to this day. Roger also gave us the timeless classics such as Give a Little Bit, Breakfast in America, The Logical Song, Take the Long Way Home, It's Raining Again, Fool's Overture - Roger performs these & more on tour. Audiences love dancing & singing along - the crowd instantly gets on their feet & starts dancing in the aisles. To see Roger on stage performing, you know not only is the audience having a fantastic time, but he is as well. [PAR] Roger co-founded Supertramp in 1969 and was the driving force behind what fans call the 14 golden years of the band. He wrote, sang & arranged the enduring rock standards that made Supertramp a worldwide phenomenon with album sales in excess of 60 million. From the Crime of the Century album forward, Roger & Supertramp\u2019s other co-founder began writing separately. Although they continued to share writing credit, they wrote & composed separately with each singing their own songs. Roger began writing songs at the age of 12 & performed his first concert of original songs at the age of 13. He later recorded some of his songs with Supertramp with many becoming the soundtrack of our lives. http://www.RogerHodgson.com ~ https://www.Facebook.com/RogerHodgson [PAR] Signed DVD, CDs and more directly from the artist ~ http://www.RogerHodgsonStore.com [PAR] iTunes: Classics Live http://apple.co/1wUGfIk Open the Door http://apple.co/1GQcRsB [PAR] March 15 - S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil - http://bit.ly/2fiYiXr [PAR] March 16 - Florianopolis, Brazil - http://bit.ly/2fj0lKU [PAR] March 18 - Vitoria, Brazil - http://bit.ly/2fxubyh [PAR] March 21 - Porto Alegre, Brazil - http://bit.ly/2fulfHP [PAR] March 23 - Brasilia, Brazil - http://bit.ly/2fVULSz [PAR] March 25 - Belo Horizonte, Brazil - http://bit.ly/2fbCmja [PAR] March 26 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - http://bit.ly/2fzEzC5 [PAR] April 30 - Dublin, Ireland - http://bit.ly/2crrwUp [PAR] May 18 - Birmingham, England, UK - http://bit.ly/2cn8G0Z , Box Office +44 (0)121 780 3333, or http://bit.ly/2cCgtYo [PAR] May 20 - London, England, UK - http://bit.ly/2cn8G0Z , Box Office +44 (0)20 7589 8212, or http://bit.ly/2chQ2nV [PAR] May 21 - London, England, UK - http://bit.ly/2cn8G0Z , Box Office +44 (0)20 7589 8212, or http://bit.ly/2chQ2nV [PAR] May 23 - Amsterdam, Netherlands - http://bit.ly/2bgHnoh [PAR] May 24 - Amsterdam, Netherlands - http://bit.ly/2bgHnoh [PAR] May 26 - Stowe, Buckingham, England, UK - http://bit.ly/2gIHZny [PAR] May 27 - Paris, France - Tickets available through http://bit.ly/290HVjA , with VIP Meet and Greet packages at http://bit.ly/28TUI1o (VIP SOLD OUT). [PAR] June 4 - Wuppertal, Germany - http://bit.ly/2eBfZ4H [PAR] June 5 - Siegen, Germany - Details soon! [PAR] June 8 - Crans-pr\u00e8s-C\u00e9ligny, Switzerland - http://bit.ly/2fH1qAp [PAR] June 9 - Brussels, Belgium - http://bit.ly/2dp4Z9l or http://bit.ly/2drtveC [PAR] June 10 - Emmen, Netherlands - http://bit.ly/2gFIQUR [PAR] July 15 - Sion, Switzerland"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Superman: The Movie - Superman Wiki - Wikia Superman: The Movie | Superman Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] $300,218,018 [PAR] Superman (marketed as Superman: The Movie), is the 1978 theatrical adaption of Superman . [PAR] The movie was filmed and produced at the same time as its sequel, Superman II , although this arrangement was beset by production difficulties, and the sequel was not released until 1980. There were two further installments in the series: Superman III (1983) and Superman IV: The Quest For Peace (1987), as well as several canceled sequel attempts after 1987. Superman and Superman II are treated as a loose back story for the 2006 film Superman Returns . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Plot [PAR] The film consists of three major segments, each with its own style and tone. The first part deals with the last days of Krypton, the child Kal-El's journey from Krypton to Earth, and his discovery by the Kents. The second part concerns the teenage Clark Kent's life in Smallville and the beginnings of discovering who he is. The third part follows the adult Clark Kent and his emergence as Superman in Metropolis. [PAR] The story begins when the planet Krypton is in danger of imminent destruction. Unable to convince Kryptonian elders, scientist Jor-El promises that neither he nor his wife, Lara, will leave the planet. However, he sends his infant son, Kal-El, to Earth to ensure his survival, just as Krypton begins its death throes. Kal-El's spaceship crash lands three years later in Smallville, Kansas, where the boy is found and adopted by a childless couple, Jonathan and Martha Kent, who name him Clark after Martha's maiden name. [PAR] Clark is no ordinary boy; he is incredibly agile and strong. But at the urging of his parents, he keeps his abilities hidden, frustratingly accepting the ridicule and scorn of his peers as he assumes a mild mannered temperament, fading into the background rather than becoming the star of the football team. But as Jonathan Kent reminds him, Clark was put on Earth \"for a reason... (and) it's not to score touchdowns.\" Clark asks him to race him to the barn, causing Jonathan to have a fatal heart attack and die, after which a grieving Clark conveys guilt about asking him to race and says \"all [these] powers and I couldn't even save him\". [PAR] After a few months pass, Clark hears the call of a mysterious green crystal hidden in his parents' barn. He realizes that it is time to discover his purpose and bids an emotional farewell to his Earth mother. He soon departs on a journey to the Arctic and uses the crystal to build the Fortress of Solitude, a majestic crystal palace in the architectural style of his home planet, Krypton. Inside, Kal-El learns the reason he was transported to Earth and his future role on the planet from holographic recordings of his father. After 12 years of education and training within the Fortress of Solitude, he emerges garbed in a red cape and blue body suit with the El family symbol on the chest and flies off. [PAR] Clark returns to civilization, arriving in the city of Metropolis. He's hired as a reporter for The Daily Planet newspaper by its editor-in-chief, Perry White. While there, he meets teenage photographer Jimmy Olsen and the paper's star journalist, Lois Lane. Clark becomes immediately infatuated with Lois, but is unable to properly gain her affection while in the bumbling guise of Clark Kent. It isn't long before Clark's true nature is unveiled when,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Coventry City shocked Tottenham Hotspur to win the ... How Coventry City shocked Tottenham Hotspur to win the 1987 FA Cup final | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Guardian Sport Network [PAR] How Coventry City shocked Tottenham Hotspur to win the 1987 FA Cup final [PAR] Chas and Dave joined the Spurs squad to sing about 'Hot Shot Tottenham' but unfancied Coventry City pulled off one of the great giantkillings in FA Cup final history to win 3-2 in extra-time [PAR] Coventry City's Keith Houchen heads past Spurs goalkeeper Ray Clemence during the 1987 FA Cup final at Wembley. Photograph: David Cannon/Getty Images [PAR] Steven Pye for That 1980s Sports Blog, part of the Guardian Sport Network [PAR] Friday 16 May 2014 06.13 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 16 May 2014 06.13 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] This piece follows on from previous blogs on the first , second , third , fourth , fifth , sixth rounds and semi-finals of the 1986-87 FA Cup. [PAR] \"Seven times we've won the Cup, and number eight is coming up\". The bold statement penned by Chas and Dave, and sung by the Tottenham squad in their No18 hit Hot Shot Tottenham! may have seemed cocky, but the general consensus was that their proclamation would come true on Cup final day on May 16. [PAR] Tottenham were heavy favourites to defeat Coventry City, a club appearing in their first major final in their 104-year history. But the underdogs were used to proving the doubters wrong during their 1987 Cup run. Their Go For It single was an appropriately titled anthem for all that had gone before and what was to follow. [PAR] You could see why Tottenham were overwhelming favourites to lift the FA Cup for a record eighth time. Of their 13-man squad, only Mitchell Thomas had not been capped by his country; they possessed a striker in Clive Allen who was enjoying a stunning season containing 48 goals; and their squad contained a vast wealth of experience on the big stage. [PAR] Spurs goalkeeper Ray Clemence was appearing in his 42nd match at Wembley, but only four of Coventry's team - David Phillips, Nick Pickering, Dave Bennett and Cyrille Regis \u2013 had ever played at the famous old stadium, and only Phillips was a current international player. [PAR] The lead-up to the final was littered with constant references to the perceived differences between the two sides: \"a pit pony v the Derby favourite\"; \"artisans v artists\"; \"rank outsiders v red-hot favourites\"; \"journeymen v pedigree\". Fortunately, the Cup final would be played on the lush Wembley turf and not on paper, as, if the majority of the press were to be believed, Coventry were already a goal down before the match had begun. [PAR] Tottenham should have seen the warning signs. There had been talk of Spurs winning the double after their semi-final win over Watford, when they were 10 points behind leaders Everton with two games in hand and a trip to Goodison Park to come. But these hopes were well and truly quashed \u2013 four defeats in the final seven matches left Tottenham with a third-placed finish. [PAR] Conversely, Coventry were flying. They were unbeaten in the seven matches leading up to the final and were improving under the managerial pairing of John Sillett and George Curtis, who had taken over at the end of the previous season. For Sillett, the transformation was marked. In 1984 he had been sacked as youth team manager by Bobby Gould, but his time out of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breeds of Livestock - Herdwick Sheep - Animal Science Breeds of Livestock - Herdwick Sheep \u2014 Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Herdwick Sheep [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Herdwick Sheep [PAR] Herdwick [PAR] The Herdwick is found in the Lake District of northwestern England, on the Fells of Westmorland and Cumberland. They are a carpet wool and meat breed. The lambs are born with black faces, legs and blue-roan fleeces which lighten in the adults. The males are horned and the females are polled or naturally hornless. [PAR] Reference:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macbeth Glossary - I come, graymalkin! - Shakespeare Online Macbeth Glossary - I come, graymalkin! [PAR] Macbeth Glossary [PAR] First Witch I come, graymalkin! (1.1.10) [PAR] i.e., an affectionate name for a gray cat. [PAR] During the Renaissance it was believed that Satan sent witches malicious spirits to help them carry out their evil deeds. These 'familiars' or 'imps' would appear in animal form. The familiar of the First Witch takes the form of a cat and the familiar of the Second Witch takes the form of a toad (Paddock). The familiar of the Third Witch is not mentioned in the first act but in 4.1 , it takes the form of a 'harpy', a nasty creature in Greek mythology with the head and body of a woman and the talons of a bird. Note the similarity to Shakespeare's minor source for Macbeth, Scot's Discovery of Witchcraft: [PAR] [Witches] can raise and suppresse lightning and thunder, raine and haile, clouds and winds, tempests and earthquakes. Others doo write, that they can pull downe the moone and the starres. Some write that with wishing they can send needles into the livers of their enimies. Some that they can transferre corne in the blade from one place to another. Some, that they can cure diseases supernaturallie, flie in the aire, and danse with divels. Some write, that they can plaie the part of Succubus, and contract themselves to Incubus; and so yoong prophets are upon them begotten, &c. Some say they can transubstantiate themselves and others, and take the forms and shapes of asses, woolves, ferrets, cowes, apes, horsses, dogs, &c. Some say they can keepe divels and spirits in the likenesse of todes and cats. (Book I, Chapter IV) [PAR] On stage we should hear one familiar mewing and one croaking, which the Witches are supposed to answer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History - St Leger Stakes History [PAR] HISTORY [PAR] ST LEGER WINNERS [PAR] Doncaster is one of the oldest established centres for horse racing in Britain, with records of regular race meetings going back to the 16th century. In 1600 the corporation tried to put an end to the races because of the number of ruffians they attracted, but by 1614 it acknowledged failure and instead marked out a racecourse. [PAR] Ladbrokes St. Leger Festival [PAR] The earliest important race was the Doncaster Gold Cup, first run over Cantley Common in 1766, ten years before a move to the racecourse's present location. In 1776 Colonel Anthony St. Leger founded a race in which five horses ran. This race has remained in existence and become the world's oldest classic race. During the first world war the racecourse was used for military purposes and substitute races were run at Newmarket from 1915 to 1918. [PAR] Doncaster has the distinction of both starting and ending the flat season on turf. Every September, Doncaster hosts the prestigious four-day St. Leger Festival, which is acclaimed as the premier sporting occasion of the Autumn calender. Doncaster has also taken over events whose traditional homes have closed, such as the Lincoln in 1965. [PAR] More history was made at Doncaster in 1992 when it staged the first ever Sunday meeting on a British racecourse, a crowd of 23,000 turned up despite there being no betting. [PAR] Today, after more than four hundred years of racing, the St. Leger is undoubtedley still the highlight of Doncaster's year. Throughout the racing calendar there is a full programme of top class racing, with flat racing in the summer and jumping action all winter. [PAR] early leger Early running of the St Leger B&W Historical Jockey John Singleton with the first ever St Leger winner in 1776 Allabaculia [PAR] The Lincoln [PAR] THE WILLIAM HILL LINCOLN FACTS AND FIGURES [PAR] A race called the Lincolnshire Handicap was first run over two miles at Lincoln in August, 1849. [PAR] In 1853, a new fixture was staged at Lincoln in February and featured a race called the Lincoln Spring Handicap,run over a mile and a half and won by Caurire. The distance of this contest was reduced to a mile in 1855 and moved to a date in March. [PAR] In 1859, the two races merged to become the Lincolnshire Handicap, run over a mile in March. [PAR] The Lincolnshire Handicap was run at Lincoln (AThe Carholme@) up to and including 1964. Following that course's closure, the race moved to Doncaster in 1965 and was renamed the Lincoln Handicap. [PAR] Along with the Grand National, the William Hill Lincoln forms the ASpring Double.@ Jockey Dave Dick achieved the unique distinction of winning both races - he scored in the Lincoln of 1941 on Gloaming, carrying just 7st 4lb and went to triumph in the ADevon Loch@ Grand National of 1956 on ESB, who shouldered 11st 3lb to victory. [PAR] During World War II, three runnings were held at Pontefract (1943-1945). The 1916 renewal was at Lingfield, while there was no race in 1917 or 1918 due to World War I. Due to a \u00c2\u00a334 million redevelopment at Doncaster, the 2006 renewal was held at Redcar, while in 2007 the race was hosted by Newcastle. It returned to a revamped Doncaster in 2008. [PAR] The dozen winners of the William Hill Lincoln between 1926 and 1937 (King Of Clubs (1926), Priory Park (1927), Dark Warrior (1928), Elton (1929), Leonidas II (1930), Knight Error (1931), Jerome Fandor (1932), Dorigen (1933), Play On (1934),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ren\u00e9 Magritte - Painter - Biography.com Ren\u00e9 Magritte - Painter - Biography.com [PAR] Ren\u00e9 Magritte [PAR] Ren\u00e9 Magritte was a Belgian surrealist artist best known for his witty and thought-provoking images and his use of simple graphics and everyday imagery. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Acad\u00e9mie Royale Des Beaux-Arts [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Ren\u00e9 Magritte was born in Belgium in 1898. After attending art school in Brussels, he worked in commercial advertising to support himself while he experimented with his painting. In the mid 1920s he began to paint in the surrealist style and became known for his witty and thought-provoking images and his use of simple graphics and everyday objects, giving new meanings to familiar things. With a popularity that increased over time, Magritte was able to pursue his art full-time and was celebrated in several international exhibitions. He experimented with numerous styles and forms during his life and was a primary influence on the pop art movement. He died in 1967. [PAR] A Difficult Crossing [PAR] Ren\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Ghislain Magritte was born in Lessines, Belgium, on November 21, 1898, the oldest of three boys. His father\u2019s manufacturing business at times allowed the family to live in relative comfort, but financial difficulties were a constant threat and forced them to move about the country with some regularity. Magritte\u2019s young world was dealt a far more destructive blow in 1912, when his mother committed suicide by drowning herself in a river. [PAR] Magritte found solace from the tragedy in films and novels and especially through painting. His earliest surviving works from this era were accomplished in the impressionist style. However, in 1916 he left home for Brussels, where for the next two years he studied at Acad\u00e9mie Royale des Beaux-Arts. Although he was ultimately unimpressed with the institution, he was nonetheless exposed to emerging styles such as cubism and futurism, which significantly altered the direction of his work. Indeed, many of Magritte\u2019s paintings from the early 1920s owe a clear debt to Pablo Picasso . [PAR] The Treachery of Images [PAR] In 1921 Magritte began his one year of compulsory military service before returning home and marrying Georgette Berger, whom he had known since he was a boy and with whom he would stay for the rest of his life. After a brief stint in a wallpaper factory, he found work as a freelance poster and advertisement designer while he continued to paint. Around this time Magritte saw the painting The Song of Love by Italian surrealist Giorgio de Chirico and was so struck by its imagery that it sent his own work off in the new direction for which he would become known. [PAR] Placing familiar, mundane objects such as bowler hats, pipes and rocks in unusual contexts and juxtapositions, Magritte evoked themes of mystery and madness to challenge the assumptions of human perception. With early works such as The Lost Jockey and The Menaced Assassin Magritte quickly became one of the most important artists in Belgium and found himself at the center of its nascent surrealist movement. But when his first one-man show\u2014in 1927 at the Galerie le Centaure\u2014was poorly received, a disheartened Magritte left his homeland for France. [PAR] On the Threshold of Liberty [PAR] Settling in the Perreux-sur-Marne suburb of Paris, Magritte quickly fell in with some of surrealism\u2019s brightest lights and founding fathers, including writer Andr\u00e9 Breton , poet Paul \u00c9luard and artists Salvador Dal\u00ed , Max Ernst and Joan Mir\u00f3 . Over the next few years he produced important works such as The Lovers and The False Mirror and also began to experiment"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rock Hudson - Filmbug Rock Hudson - Filmbug [PAR] Rock Hudson [PAR] [PAR] Rock Hudson [PAR] Roy Harold Scherer Jr. (November 17, 1925 - October 2, 1985), better known as Rock Hudson, was an American actor. Born in Winnetka, Illinois, Hudson was the first major American celebrity to admit to being afflicted with AIDS. His announcement, and subsequent death from the disease, brought the disease and HIV into the mainstream of American consciousness. [PAR] Hudson served in the United States Navy during World War II as an airplane mechanic. His good looks and strapping size got him a Hollywood audition, and some capped teeth and a name change got him a small part in the forgettable 1948 film Fighter Squadron. His one line took 38 takes, because he kept forgetting it. In 1956 he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor, and two years later, Look Magazine named him \"Star of the Year\". [PAR] During the 1950s and 1960s, Hudson was known for several fluffy comedies, largely starring with Doris Day . The two made Pillow Talk, Lover Come Back and Send Me No Flowers together. [PAR] Hudson married studio employee Phyllis Gates in 1955, and the news was made known by all the major gossip magazines. The couple divorced in 1958. The truth of the matter is, though, that the studio was using this sham marriage in order to cover Hudson's homosexuality, which would have made him box office poison at the time if it were made known. Hudson continued to have a hidden gay life for the rest of his life, until his homosexuality became known. [PAR] Following Hudson's death, his live-in lover filed a palimony lawsuit against his estate. [PAR] Hudson has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6104 Hollywood Blvd. [PAR] Note: This profile was written in or before 2003. [PAR] Rock Hudson Facts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Philip IV - NNDB Philip IV [PAR] Philip IV [PAR] Location of death: Madrid, Spain [PAR] Cause of death: unspecified [PAR] Nationality: Spain [PAR] Executive summary: King of Spain, 1621-65 [PAR] Philip IV, King of Spain, eldest son of Philip III and his wife Margaret, sister of the emperor Ferdinand II, was born at Valladolid on the 8th of April 1605. His reign, after a few passing years of barren successes, was a long story of political and military decay and disaster. The king has been held responsible for the fall of Spain, which was, however, due in the main to internal causes beyond the control of the most despotic ruler, however capable he had been. Philip certainly possessed more energy, both mental and physical, than his father. There is still in existence a translation of Guicciardini which he wrote with his own hand in order to qualify himself for government by acquiring a knowledge of political history. He was a fine horseman and keen hunter. His artistic taste was shown by his patronage of Diego Vel\ufffdzquez , and his love of letters by his favor to Lope de Vega , Calder\ufffdn , and other dramatists. He is even credited, on fairly probable testimony, with a share at least in the composition of several comedies. His good intentions were of no avail to his government. Coming to the throne at the age of sixteen, he did the wisest thing he could by allowing himself to be guided by the most capable man he could find. His favorite, Olivares, was a far more honest man than the Duke of Lerma, and was more fit for the place of prime minister than any Spaniard of the time. But Philip IV had not the strength of mind to free himself from the influence of Olivares when he had grown to manhood. The amusements which the favorite had encouraged became the business of the king's life. When, in 1643, the disasters falling on the monarchy on all sides led to the dismissal of Olivares, Philip had lost the power to devote himself to hard work. After a brief struggle with the task of directing the administration of the most extensive and the worst organized monarchy in Europe, he sank back into his pleasures and was governed by other favorites. His political opinions were those he had inherited from his father and grandfather. He thought it his duty to support the German Habsburgs and the cause of the Roman Catholic Church against the Protestants, to assert his sovereignty over Holland, and to extend the dominions of his house. The utter exhaustion of his people in the course of a hopeless struggle with Holland, France and England was seen by him with sympathy, but he considered it an unavoidable misfortune and not the result of his own errors, since he could not be expected to renounce his rights or to desert the cause of God and the Church. In public he maintained a bearing of rigid solemnity, and was seen to laugh only three times in the course of his life. But in private he indulged in horseplay and very coarse immorality. His court was grossly vicious. The early death of his eldest son, Baltasar Carlos, was unquestionably due to debauchery encouraged by the gentlemen entrusted by the king with his education. The lesson shocked the king, but its effect soon wore off. Philip IV died broken-hearted on the 17th of September 1665, expressing the hope that his surviving son, Carlos, would be more fortunate than himself. [PAR] Father: Philip III (King of Spain)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kent Map - South East England - Mapcarta Kent Map - South East England - Mapcarta [PAR] South East England [PAR] Kent [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Kent is the most south-eastern county of South-East England. Popularly known as the \"Garden of England\". The county council area does not include the Medway towns which are administered separately as a Unitary Authority, but form many purposes they are still considered to be part of Kent, and that is how they are treated here. [PAR] Ramsgate is a seaside town in Kent close to Dover and Canterbury. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Canterbury is a cathedral and university city in Kent, in the South East of England . [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Royal Tunbridge Wells is a town in West Kent on the border with East Sussex , in the South East of England . [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Broadstairs is a popular coastal town in East Kent. The town lies above a harbour, historically known for smuggling. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Sevenoaks is a town in Kent, in the South East of England . Sevenoaks is a fairly traditional market town, although these days, given its proximity to London , it is known largely as a commuter town. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Folkestone is a town on the Kent coast, in the South East of England . [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Dover is a port in East Kent, in the South East of England . Dover has been a permanent settlement since at least the time of the Romans, who were the first to record its presence, giving it the name Dubris. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Maidstone is a town in Mid-Kent, in the South East of England . [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Gillingham is a town on the River Medway in the north of the English county of Kent. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Rochester is a small cathedral city on the River Medway in the north of the English county of Kent. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Margate is a town in Kent and sister town to Ramsgate . Margate is on the whole a rather depressing mixture of fading Georgian and Victorian seaside grandeur and squalid 'bedsit-land' although there are some pleasant residential suburbs. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Tonbridge is a town in West Kent, in South-East England . Situated on the banks of the river Medway, Tonbridge has been a market town since the Earl of Gloucester was granted the right to hold a weekly market in 1259. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Dartford is a town in Kent, England . Note that the Dartford tunnel and bridge are toll roads but do not have booths. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Whitstable is a town in Kent, England . Whitstable is located on the North Kent Coast. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Faversham is a town in the English county of Kent, UK . The history of the town can traced back 2000 years to Roman times. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Chatham is a town on the River Medway in the north of the English county of Kent, UK . [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Sandwich is a village in Kent. The Earl of Sandwich is noted for the 'creation' of the sandwich snack. [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Hythe is in the District of Shepway, in Kent. The main roads leading towards Hythe are the M20, which runs from the M25 via Maidstone and on to Ashford, and the A20 to Hythe . [PAR] Loading\u2026 [PAR] Latitude of center: 51\u00b0 11' 24\" (51.19\u00b0) north [PAR] Longitude of center: 0\u00b0 43' 48\" (0.73\u00b0) east [PAR] Average elevation: 25 meters (82 feet) [PAR] Old English (ca. 450-1100): Cent [PAR] Persian: \u06a9\u0646\u062a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Living Daylights (1987) - IMDb The Living Daylights (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] James Bond is living on the edge to stop an evil arms dealer from starting another world war. Bond crosses all seven continents in order to stop the evil Whitaker and General Koskov. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $10.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 14 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 24 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 02 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 3 weeks ago [PAR] Title: The Living Daylights (1987) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] James Bond goes rogue and sets off to unleash vengeance on a drug lord who tortured his best friend, a C.I.A. agent, and left him for dead and murdered his bride after he helped capture him. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] An investigation of a horse-racing scam leads 007 to a mad industrialist who plans to create a worldwide microchip monopoly by destroying California's Silicon Valley. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. [PAR] Director: Peter R. Hunt [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] James Bond 007's mission is to firstly, organise the defection of a top Soviet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helladic Civilization - Helladic Period, Ancient History Helladic Civilization - Helladic Period, Ancient History [PAR] World Map / World Ancient History / Helladic Civilization [PAR] Helladic Civilization [PAR] The Bronze Age civilizations of Greece flourished from about 3000 BC to about 1100 BC. While the Cycladic Civilization took root in the Cyclades Islands, the Minoan Civilization in Crete and Thera on mainland Greece was home to the rich Helladic Civilization. The civilization was named after ancient Greece, Hellas. The Helladic Period, therefore, refers to the era when the civilization flourished in Greece. [PAR] Helladic and Mycenaean Civilizations [PAR] In the later years (1900 BC to 1100 BC), the Helladic Civilization came to be known as the Mycenaean Civilization. This was entirely due to the rise of Mycenae, one of the many city-states that dotted Greece. Mycenaean King Agamemnon, the valiant hero of Troy, ensured that his kingdom was the most powerful in all of Greece. [PAR] The Helladic Period is further categorized into Early, Middle, and Late Helladic Periods. Each is differentiated by the distinct styles of pottery, evolving art, architecture, and culture. [PAR] Early Helladic Period [PAR] The Early Helladic Period started in about 3000 BC. A number of Indo-European nomadic tribes chose to settle down in central and southern Greece and took up agriculture and animal husbandry as their main occupations. Not much is known about the language and customs of these settlers. The native Greeks might have invaded them. At any rate, by 2000 BC there was much intermingling and the Greeks grew dominant. [PAR] Middle Helladic Period [PAR] The Middle Helladic Civilization lasted from 2000 BC to about 1550 BC. A number of city-states started to crystallize. The mighty warriors ruled and maritime trade decided the wealth of these city-states. The influence of the Minoan civilization led to development of social order in Greece. [PAR] Later Helladic Period [PAR] The Later Helladic Civilization, from 1550 BC, was dominated by the politics of Mycenae. The rich culture and traditions of this era formed the basis of Classical Greek legends. [PAR] The dwindling maritime trade was the most likely reason for the decline of the Helladic Civilization. There seems to have been a lot of internal strife as well. Toward 1100 BC, the ancient Greek civilizations disappeared, marking the commencement of the Dark Ages.[DOC] [TLE] The Iliad and the Greek Bronze Age, U. of S. The Iliad and the Greek Bronze Age, U. of S. [PAR] Troy [PAR] Some definitions: [PAR] For our purposes, the bronze age in Greece can be identified, roughly, with the second millennium B.C. (i.e., ca. 2000-ca. 1000). In speaking of bronze-age cultures three terms are used: [PAR] *Minoan \u2014 refers to the culture of bronze-age Crete [PAR] *Cycladic \u2014 refers to the bronze-age cultures of the islands of the Aegean [PAR] *Helladic \u2014 refers to the culture of mainland Greece in the bronze age [PAR] Maps of Homer's world can be found among the CLAS 104: Classical Myths pages. [PAR] [password required] [PAR] Introduction. The Homeric poems date to the late 8th century B.C., but (like Arthurian legend) they purport to tell of a much earlier age. The Greece of Homer's time was on the rebound: as we shall see in a later unit, his day witnessed the rise of the city state or polis, the flourishing of trade, intense colonization in southern Italy, Sicily, and the Black Sea region, the introduction of coinage, of more sophisticated battle tactics, and of writing \u2014 in short, the emergence of what would become Classical Greece. But these developments represented a rise out of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Conures: A Guide to 10 Popular Choices of Pet ... Types of Conures: A Guide to 10 Popular Choices of Pet Conure Parrots [PAR] Related posts: [PAR] Care & Diet Requirements of Pet Conures [PAR] Conure parrots, are delightful little birds that are colorful and full of character. Hand reared conures make excellent pets and are extremely popular with bird lovers all around the world. Some of the more popular, and readily available types of conures kept as pet birds, include the following: Sun Conure, Jenday Conure, Nanday Conure, Blue Crowned Conure, Maroon Bellied Conure, Green Cheeked Conure, Peach Fronted Conure, Dusky Headed Conure, Red Masked Conure, and the Patagonian Conure. [PAR] Conure Care [PAR] Conures are active birds, and consequently conure bird cages need to be fairly large relative to body size, fitted with lots of toys, especially things to chew, and noisy toys like bells and rattles, to provide stimulation and prevent boredom. As they are intelligent birds that love to interact and play, it is easy to train all types of conures to perform tricks. They will readily lie upside down in the palm of your hand and play dead. They also love water, and it is recommended that a bird bath be provided \u2013 alternatively a spray shower in hot weather will always be appreciated. [PAR] Conure Diet [PAR] A balanced diet of whole grains, fruit, vegetables, seeds and nuts is recommended for all types of conures to ensure that they remain in good health. Feed commercial seed and pellet mixes together with a variety of fresh fruit and vegetables. Conures love apple, corn on the cob, sprouted seeds, as well as a cooked mix of corn and peas, such as the mixes available for pigeons. Foods to avoid include chocolate, alcohol, onions and avocado pear, which is highly toxic to parrots. [PAR] Different Types of Conures [PAR] Sun Conure (Aratinga solstitialis) [PAR] Description: The Sun Conure is a remarkably striking bird \u2013 with its splash of bold colors it is truly a beautiful bird indeed. The body of the Sun Conure is predominantly bright yellow to orange, with dark orange-red highlights around the cheeks and belly. The wings are yellow with green splashes all over and iridescent blue feathers on the wing tips. The tail is green and blue. [PAR] Size: 12 inches [PAR] Lifespan: 25-30 years [PAR] Minimum Cage Size: 24 x 24 x 36 inches [PAR] Characteristics: The Sun Conure is a highly sociable, and affectionate bird. It is lively, fun-loving, and acrobatic, making a very playful pet that will readily learn to perform tricks. It is extremely vocal, and is also very alert and an excellent watchdog; screeching loudly to herald the arrival of someone at the door, or to welcome its owner home after a hard days work. [PAR] Sun conures are very demanding, requiring lots of attention and human interaction. They are ranked as one of the noisiest types of conures, and are therefore not recommended for apartment dwellers, or owners with a low tolerance level to noise. However, if you can put up with their screeching, they have beauty, brains, are big in character and make amazing pets. [PAR] Jenday Conure (Aratinga janday) [PAR] Description: The Jenday Conure is very similar to the Sun Conure in both looks and personality. While it is similar in color to the Sun Conure, the coloration is in distinct bands as opposed to splashes of color all over. The head is a solid yellow, the upper body and wings are bright green, while the belly is bright orange-red. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nighthawks | The Art Institute of Chicago Nighthawks | The Art Institute of Chicago [PAR] Exhibition, Publication and Ownership Histories [PAR] Exhibition History [PAR] Art Institute of Chicago, The Fifty-third Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture, Oct. 29-Dec. 10, 1942, cat. 132. [PAR] Indianapolis, 1943. [PAR] Art Institute of Chicago, The Fifty-fourth Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture, Oct. 28-Dec. 12, 1943, no. 15. [PAR] New York City, Whitney Museum of American Art, Edward Hopper: Retrospective Exhibition, Feb. 11-Mar. 26, 1950, cat. 61, plate 28; traveled to Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Apr. 13-May 14, 1950, Detroit Institute of Arts, June 4-July 2, 1950. [PAR] New York City, Wildenstein, Loan Exhibition of Seventy Twentieth Century American Paintings, Feb. 21-Mar. 22, 1952, cat. 54. [PAR] Venice, Esposiazione Biennale Internazionale d\u2019Arte, June 14-Oct. 19, 1952, cat. 26. [PAR] Lake Forest College, Illinois. [PAR] New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Edward Hopper, Sept. 29-Nov. 29, 1964, cat. 43; traveled to Art Institute of Chicago, Dec. 18-Jan. 31, 1965. [PAR] Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio, Fifty Years of Modern Art, June 14-July 31, 1966, cat. 81. [PAR] New York City, Whitney Museum of American Art, Edward Hopper: The Art and the Artist, Sept. 23, 1980-Jan. 18, 1981, cat. 386; traveled to London, Hayward Gallery, Feb. 11-Mar. 29, 1981 (separate Catalogue, no 96, p. 47), Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum, Apr. 22-June 17, 1981, D\u00fcsseldorf, St\u00e4dtische Kunsthalle, July 10-Sept. 6, 1981, Art Institute of Chicago, Oct. 3-Nov. 29, 1981, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Dec.16, 1981-Feb. 14, 1982. [PAR] Essen, Germany, Museum Folkwang, Edward Hopper und die Fotografie: die Warheit des Sichtbaren (Edward Hopper and Photography: The Truth of the Real), June 28-Sept. 27, 1992, p. 63, ill. [PAR] London, Tate Modern, Edward Hopper, May 27-Sept. 5, 2004; traveled to Cologne, Museum Ludwig, Oct. 9, 2004-Jan. 9, 2005. [PAR] New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, October 3-December 31, 2006. [PAR] Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Edward Hopper, May 6-August 19, 2007; traveled to Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, September 16, 2007-January 21, 2008; Art Institute of Chicago, February 16-May 11, 2008. [PAR] Madrid, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Edward Hopper, June 12-September 16, 2012; traveled to Paris, Galeries nationales d'exposition du Grand Palais, October 5, 2012-January 28, 2013, Paris only. [PAR] New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Edward Hopper Drawings, May 23-October 6, 2013; travels to Dallas Museum of Art, November 17, 2013-February 16, 2014; Minneapolis, Walker Art Center, March 15-June 22, 2014, New York only. [PAR] Art Institute of Chicago, Art and Appetite: American Painting, Culture, and Cuisine, November 10, 2013-January 27, 2014; traveled to Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum of American Art, February 22-May 18, 2014, cat. 28. [PAR] Publication History [PAR] Gail Levin, \u201cEdward Hopper\u2019s Nighthawks, Surrealism, and the War,\u201d Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 22, 2 (1996), pp. 180-95, fig. 1. [PAR] The Art Institute of Chicago: Twentieth-Century Painting and Sculpture, selected by James N. Wood and Teri J. Edelstein (Art Institute of Chicago, 1996), p. 85, ill. [PAR] Judith A. Barter et al., \"American Modernism at the Art Institute of Chicago, From World War I to 1955,\" (Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2009), cat. 133. [PAR] Nina Baym et al., eds., \"The Norton Anthology of American Literature,\" (W. W. Norton & Company, 2012), 8th edition, (ill.). [PAR] Arthur Shimamura, \"Experiencing Art: In the Brain of the Beholder\" (Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 237 (ill.). [PAR] Derek Matravers, \"Introducing Philosophy of Art: In Eight Case Studies,\" (Routledge, 2013), (ill.). [PAR] Duane Preble Emeritus et al., Prebles' Artforms (Pearson, 2013), 11th ed., p. 428. (ill.). [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Air Force One Movie Review & Film Summary (1997 ... Air Force One Movie Review & Film Summary (1997) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Harrison Ford is one of the most likable and convincing of movie stars, and he almost pulls off the impossible in \"Air Force One.'' I don't mean he saves the day; I mean he almost saves the movie. Here is a good example of how star power can breathe new life into old cliches--and \"Air Force One'' is rich with cliches. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] You are familiar with the movie's premise because of all the commercials and coming attractions trailers and magazine covers and talk show appearances. You know that Gary Oldman plays the leader of a gang of terrorists who gain control of Air Force One as it's flying back home from Moscow. You know it's up to Ford, as President James Marshall , Vietnam combat hero, to battle the terrorists. You know his wife and children are among the hostages--and that he has just vowed that America will never negotiate with terrorists. [PAR] So. Since the movie has no macro surprises, does it have any micro ones? Has director Wolfgang Petersen (\" Das Boot ,\" \" In The Line Of Fire \") found lots of neat little touches to make the movie work on a minute-by-minute basis, while on the larger scale slogs to its preordained conclusion? Sorta, sometimes. There's some neat stuff about \"Air Force One,'' although I don't know how much of it to believe. (Is it really bulletproof from the inside? Does it really have an escape pod onboard? Is there really a way to parachute out the back hatch? Can you really call Washington from Russia on a cell phone while airborne?) Many of the action scenes take place in the bowels of the jet, down in the galley and luggage areas. [PAR] There also is a counterplot set in Washington, where the vice president ( Glenn Close ) learns from the attorney general ( Philip Baker Hall ) that the president may be technically \"incapacitated,'' and that she should consider taking over. And there are some good action sequences, in which people enter and leave airplanes at an altitude at which the practice is not recommended. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] But mostly the movie is stapled together out of ingredients from many, many other films about presidents, terrorists, hijackings, hostages, airplanes, politics and cat-and-mouse chases. It is inevitable, for example, that the terrorists will separate and go poking around on their own, so that they can be picked off one at a time. It is inevitable that there will be Washington press conferences, so that bones of information can be thrown to the seething press. It is inevitable that there will be personality flare-ups among the lesser politicians, and dire comments by their advisers (\"The element of surprise is a formidable weapon''). [PAR] The movie also resurrects that ancient and dependable standby, the Choosing of the Wires. In countless other movies, the bomb squad hesitates between \"Red . . . or black? Red . . . or black''). This is a big-budget movie and presents us with five wires. It's an emergency, and the president needs to decide which two he should connect. See if you can guess the right two colors. The choices are green, yellow, red, white and blue. [PAR] The movie is well-served by the quality of the performances. Close is convincing as the vice president, and Gary Oldman has a couple of effective scenes as the terrorist (\"Murder? You took 100,000 lives to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About the Sonnet - English About the Sonnet [PAR] About the Sonnet [PAR] Chris Baldick [PAR] Sonnet [PAR] : a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length: iambic pentameters in English, alexandrines in French, hendecasyllables in Italian. The rhyme schemes of the sonnet follow two basic patterns. [PAR] (1) The Italian sonnet (also called the Petrarchan sonnet after the most influential of the Italian sonneteers) comprises an 8-line 'octave' of two quatrains, rhymed abbaabba, followed by a 6-line 'sestet' usually rhymed cdecde or cdcdcd. The transition from octave to sestet usually coincides with a 'turn' (Italian, volta) in the argument or mood of the poem. In a variant form used by the English poet John Milton, however, the 'turn' is delayed to a later position around the tenth line. Some later poets--notably William Wordsworth--have employed this feature of the 'Miltonic sonnet' while relaxing the rhyme scheme of the octave to abbaacca. The Italian pattern has remained the most widely used in English and other languages. [PAR] (2) The English sonnet (also called the Shakespearean sonnet after its foremost practitioner) comprises three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. An important variant of this is the Spenserian sonnet (introduced by the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser), which links the three quatrains by rhyme, in the sequence ababbabccdcdee. In either form, the 'turn' comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve the neatness of an epigram. [PAR] Originating in Italy, the sonnet was established by Petrarch in the 14th century as a major form of love poetry, and came to be adopted in Spain, France and England in the 16th century, and in Germany in the 17th. The standard subject-matter of early sonnets was the torments of sexual love (usually within a courtly love convention), but in the 17th century John Donne extended the sonnet's scope to religion, while Millton extended it to politics. Although largely neglected in the 18th century, the sonnet was revived in the 19th by Wordsworth, Keats, and Baudelaire, and is still widely used. Some poets have written connected series of sonnets, known as sonnet sequences or sonnet cycles: of these, the outstanding English examples are Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophel and Stella (1591), Spenser's Amoretti (1595), and Shakespeare's Sonnets (1609); later examples include Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850) and W. H. Auden's 'In Time of War' (1939). A group of sonnets formally linked by repeated lines is known as a crown of sonnets. Irregular variations on the sonnet form have included the 12-line sonnet sometimes used by Elizabethan poets, G. M. Hopkin's curtal sonnets of 10-1/2 lines, and the 16-line sonnets of George Meredith's sequence Modern Love (1862). [PAR] Lyric [PAR] [li-rik]: In the modern sense, any fairly short poem expressing the personal mood, feeling, or meditation of a single speaker (who may sometimes be an invented character, not the poet). In ancient Greece, a lyric was a song for accompaniment on the lyre, and could be a choral lyric sung by a group, such as a dirge or hymn; the modern sense, current since the Renaissance, often suggests a songlike quality in the poems to which it refers. Lyric poetry is the most extensive category of verse, especially after the decline since the 19th century in the West--of the other principal kinds: narrative and dramatic verse. Lyrics may be composed in almost any metre and on almost every subject, although the most usual emotions presented are those of love and grief. Among the common lyric forms are the sonnet, ode, elegy, haiku, and the more personal kinds of hymn. Lyricism"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Elbert | mountain, Colorado, United States ... Mount Elbert | mountain, Colorado, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] mountain, Colorado, United States [PAR] Mount Rainier [PAR] Mount Elbert, mountain in Lake county, west-central Colorado , U.S. , whose peak is the highest point (14,440 feet [4,401 metres]) in Colorado and in the American Rocky Mountains . Mount Elbert lies 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Leadville , in the Sawatch Range and White River National Forest. Laced with well-maintained hiking trails, the heavily visited mountain is renowned for its many false summits and spectacular views of the surrounding countryside. [PAR] Mount Elbert, west-central Colorado, U.S. [PAR] Rick Kimpel [PAR] Colorado [PAR] constituent state of the United States of America. It is classified as one of the Mountain states, although only about half of its area lies in the Rocky Mountains. It borders Wyoming and Nebraska to the north, Nebraska and Kansas to the east, Oklahoma and New Mexico to the south, and Utah to the... [PAR] Rocky Mountains [PAR] mountain range forming the cordilleran backbone of the great upland system that dominates the western North American continent. Generally, the ranges included in the Rockies stretch from northern Alberta and British Columbia southward to New Mexico, a distance of some 3,000 miles (4,800 km). In... [PAR] Leadville [PAR] city, seat (1878) of Lake county, central Colorado, U.S., located 103 miles (166 km) west of Denver and 38 miles (61 km) south of Vail. It is situated in the upper Arkansas River valley in an area of national forests, at an elevation of some 10,200 feet (3,105 metres). It is the centre of one of... [PAR] 3 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] Sawatch Range (in Sawatch Range ) [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: January 21, 2014 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Elbert [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Mount Elbert, United States Tourist Information Mount Elbert, United States Tourist Information [PAR] Locals and travelers to connect with [PAR] About [PAR] Colorado, United States [PAR] 39.1178-106.4454 [PAR] Mount Elbert is the highest peak"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phobias and Fears : Symptoms, Treatment, and Self-Help Phobias and Irrational Fears: Symptoms, Treatment, and Self-Help for Overcoming Your Anxiety and Fear [PAR] Phobias and Irrational Fears [PAR] Symptoms, Treatment, and Self-Help for Overcoming Your Anxiety and Fear [PAR] Almost everyone has an irrational fear or two\u2014of mice, for example, or your annual dental checkup. For most people, these fears are minor. But when fears become so severe that they cause tremendous anxiety and interfere with your normal life, they\u2019re called phobias. The good news is that phobias can be managed and cured. Self-help strategies and therapy can help you overcome your fears and start living the life you want. [PAR] What you can do [PAR] Work with one fear at a time [PAR] Learn to calm down quickly using your senses [PAR] Learn and practice a variety of relaxation techniques [PAR] With the aid of meditation focus on the present rather than the past or future [PAR] Challenge negative thinking [PAR] Learn more by reading the related articles [PAR] What is a phobia? [PAR] A phobia is an intense fear of something that, in reality, poses little or no actual danger. Common phobias and fears include closed-in places, heights, highway driving, flying insects, snakes, and needles. However, we can develop phobias of virtually anything. Most phobias develop in childhood, but they can also develop in adults. [PAR] If you have a phobia, you probably realize that your fear is irrational, yet you still can\u2019t control your feelings. Just thinking about the feared object or situation may make you anxious. And when you\u2019re actually exposed to the thing you fear, the terror is automatic and overwhelming. [PAR] The experience is so nerve-wracking that you may go to great lengths to avoid it\u2014inconveniencing yourself or even changing your lifestyle. If you have claustrophobia, for example, you might turn down a lucrative job offer if you have to ride the elevator to get to the office. If you have a fear of heights, you might drive an extra 20 miles in order to avoid a tall bridge. [PAR] Understanding your phobia is the first step to overcoming it. It\u2019s important to know that phobias are common. (Having a phobia doesn\u2019t mean you\u2019re crazy!) It also helps to know that phobias are highly treatable. You can overcome your anxiety and fear, no matter how out of control it feels. [PAR] Barbara\u2019s fear of flying [PAR] Barbara is terrified of flying. Unfortunately, she has to travel a lot for work, and this traveling takes a terrible toll. For weeks before every trip, she has a knot in her stomach and a feeling of anxiety that won\u2019t go away. On the day of the flight, she wakes up feeling like she\u2019s going to throw up. Once she\u2019s on the plane, her heart pounds, she feels lightheaded, and she starts to hyperventilate. It gets worse and worse with every flight. [PAR] Barbara\u2019s fear of flying has gotten so bad that she finally told her boss she can only travel to places within driving distance. Her boss was not happy about this, and Barbara\u2019s not sure what will happen at work. She\u2019s afraid she\u2019ll be demoted or lose her job altogether. But better that, she tells herself, than getting on a plane again. [PAR] \u201cNormal\u201d fears vs. phobias or \u201cirrational\u201d fears [PAR] It is normal and even helpful to experience fear in dangerous situations. Fear is an adaptive human response. It serves a protective purpose, activating the automatic \u201cfight-or-flight\u201d response. With our bodies and minds alert and ready for action, we are able to respond"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What We Can Still Learn From Lincoln - United We Can Win Freedom Isn't An American Birthright - It's Earned [PAR] What We Can Still Learn From Lincoln [PAR] Terry L. Paulson, PhD, CSP, CPAE [PAR] More than any other president, Abraham Lincoln showed that ordinary people from humble beginnings and with self-education, a strong character and focused will can aspire to and create greatness. George Washington may be credited as the President who created the union; Lincoln preserved that union. Lincoln was a great communicator and was, arguably, the most gifted writer we ever had as a President. Even 150 years after his death, we keep quoting him endlessly. He showed other Presidents how to lead in the midst of crisis with vision and resolve. He raised the bar for the presidency; he helped define the office for the ages. In short, Lincoln continues to be rated as America's favorite and most respected President. His ability to learn from and persevere in the face of failure, his resolve in the face of sustained conflict, and his breadth of insight about leadership and life are still relevant to America. Here are some of Lincoln's best quotes and some thoughts on how he can still speak to you today. [PAR] \"The prudent, penniless beginner in the world, labors for wages awhile, saves a surplus with which to buy tools or land for himself; then labors on his own account another while, and at length hires another new beginner to help him. This, say its advocates, is free labor \u0097 the just and generous, and prosperous system, which opens the way for all \u0097 gives hope to all, and energy, and progress, and improvement of condition to all.\" \u0097Abraham Lincoln [PAR] \"I don't believe in a law to prevent a man from getting rich; it would do more harm than good. So while we do not propose any war on capital, we do wish to allow the humblest man an equal chance to get rich with everybody else.\" \u0097Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Lincoln championed the principle that we today call free market capitalism. It provides the greatest opportunity possible for every person to make his way in the world, and even to prosper. Lincoln understood what many in Washington just don't get. There's no war between capital and labor. Capital and labor are the same people at different stages of their lives. Workers work to save, then to invest and ultimately to become owners of capital. [PAR] \"I don't know who my grandfather was; I am much more concerned to know what his grandson will be.\" \u0097Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Lincoln knew that what made America great was not its government, but its people empowered in a free country to live their own version of the American Dream. [PAR] \"The worst thing you can do for those you love is the thing they could and should do for themselves.\" \u0097Abraham Lincoln [PAR] \"Government should do for people that which they cannot possibly do for themselves--and leave otherwise alone!\" \u0097Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Lincoln believed in limiting the rolls that government should play. He cared enough to challenge people to take responsibility for their own future. There would have been no war on poverty in Lincoln's administration. There was encouragement and support, but there was no room for an entitlement mentality. [PAR] \"I have been driven many times to my knees by the overwhelming conviction that I had nowhere else to go.\" \u0097Abraham Lincoln [PAR] \"In regards to this great book, the Bible, I have but to say it is the best gift God"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Nasser | lake, Africa | Britannica.com Lake Nasser | lake, Africa | Britannica.com [PAR] Lake Nasser [PAR] Alternative Titles: Bu\u1e25ayrat N\u0101\u1e63ir, Lake Nubia [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Lake Nyasa [PAR] Lake Nasser, also called Lake Nubia, reservoir on the Nile River , in Upper Egypt and northern Sudan . It was created by the impounding of the Nile\u2019s waters by the Aswan High Dam , which was built in the 1960s and dedicated in 1971. Lake Nasser has a gross capacity of 136,927,000 acre-feet (168,900,000,000 cubic metres), and its waters, when discharged downstream, have brought 800,000 acres (324,000 hectares) of additional land under irrigation and have converted 700,000 acres (283,000 hectares) from flood to perennial irrigation. The lake has been stocked with food fish. [PAR] Lake Nasser, Egypt. [PAR] \u00a9 hallam creations/Shutterstock.com [PAR] The creation of the lake threatened to submerge a number of significant historical sites\u2014notably the tombs and temples at Philae and Abu Simbel \u2014under its waters. The Egyptian government appealed to UNESCO , with whose assistance many monuments were dismantled and reconstructed on safer ground. In the early 1980s land-reclamation projects began in the desert around the lake. The northern two-thirds of the lake, lying in Egypt , is named for Gamal Abdel Nasser , president (1956\u201370); the southern third, in The Sudan, is called Lake Nubia. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Nile River [PAR] river, the father of African rivers and the longest river in the world. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. It has a length of about 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometres) and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 square miles... [PAR] Upper Egypt [PAR] geographic and cultural division of Egypt, generally consisting of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel N. It thus consists of the entire Nile River valley from Cairo south to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam). This division also includes what some scholars term... [PAR] Sudan [PAR] country located in northeastern Africa. The name Sudan derives from the Arabic expression bil\u0101d al-s\u016bd\u0101n (\u201cland of the blacks\u201d), by which medieval Arab geographers referred to the settled African countries that began at the southern edge of the Sahara. For more... [PAR] 5 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] physiography of Egypt (in Egypt: Relief ) [PAR] External Links [PAR] Lake Nasser - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) [PAR] Lake Nasser is an artificial lake in southern Egypt. It was created when the Aswan High Dam was built in the 1960s. The dam held back water from the Nile River and formed the lake. The lake is named after Gamal Abdel Nasser, the president of Egypt from 1956 to 1970. [PAR] Lake Nasser - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] A reservoir on the Nile River, Lake Nasser is located in Upper Egypt and northern Sudan. It was created by the impounding of the Nile\u2019s waters by the Aswan High Dam, which was built in the 1960s and dedicated in 1971. [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film History Milestones - 1949 - Filmsite.org Film History Milestones - 1949 [PAR] Event and Significance [PAR] 1949 [PAR] Vittorio De Sica's landmark, post-war The Bicycle Thief (1948, It.), was another superb example of film-making from the Italian Neo-Realism movement. In 1949, it received a Best Original Screenplay nomination (its sole, unrewarded nomination) for Cesare Zavattini, and it was honored with a Special Academy Award as the \"most outstanding foreign film released in the United States during 1949\" - many years before an official category was created. [The film served as the impetus for the creation of an official Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 1956.] And it was the 1950 Golden Globe Award winner for Best Foreign Film. De Sica's film was also noted as the first film widely-distributed without the Hays Office seal of approval (for its refusal to cut two scenes involving urination and a bordello). [PAR] 1949 [PAR] Paramount signed a consent decree, agreeing to separate its production and distribution activities. Loew's (owner of MGM), 20th Century Fox, and Warner Bros. were ordered to divest themselves of their theaters. [PAR] 1949 [PAR] The UK's (and Michael Balcon's) anti-authoritarian Ealing Studios, a British film and production company (and claimed to be the oldest continuously working film studio in the world), released Passport to Pimlico (1949), starring Margaret Rutherford. It was the first of a series of acclaimed post-war classic \"Ealing comedies\" - the studio's hallmark - celebrated, intelligent comedies (many of which starred Alec Guinness) including Whiskey Galore! (1949), Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), The Man in the White Suit (1952), The Titfield Thunderbolt (1953), and The Ladykillers (1955). [PAR] 1949 [PAR] The film career of the Marx Brothers extended from 1929 to 1949. Marx Brothers Groucho, Chico and Harpo made their final film appearance as a team in Love Happy (1949), with a young 23 year-old Marilyn Monroe (in a walk-on bit role). [PAR] 1949 [PAR] The film debut of the comic duo of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis was in My Friend Irma (1949). It was followed the next year by the team's only sequel, My Friend Irma Goes West (1950). The pair would go on to make a total of sixteen feature films together for Paramount, until they broke up in 1956 after their last teaming in the comedy/musical Hollywood or Bust (1956). [PAR] 1949 [PAR] Hopalong Cassidy, network television's first Western series, aired on NBC in June of 1949, starring William Boyd. The actor had portrayed the western hero in 66 Hopalong Cassidy films from the mid-1930s to 1948 (the first was Hop-Along Cassidy (1935)). [PAR] 1949 [PAR] Hollywood made one of its earliest attacks on racism with director Elia Kazan's melodrama Pinky (1949), one of the many post-war 'problem pictures'. The film was noted for using a white actress (Jeanne Crain) to portray a light-skinned black woman who fell in love with a white man. [PAR] 1949 [PAR] Director Nicholas Ray's debut feature film, the classic film noir They Live By Night (1949), is widely considered to have the first action scene shot from a helicopter. It was the opening scene - a tracking shot of three hardened convicts escaping from prison in a stolen car. [PAR] 1949 [PAR] After a ten-year absence from the screen, the legendary pair of dancers Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers was reunited for their tenth and final film in MGM's inferior reunion film - The Barkleys of Broadway (1949), their only Technicolored film, with the memorable number \"You'd Be Hard to Replace\", a reprise of \"They Can't Take"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] vermelho - Wiktionary vermelho - Wiktionary [PAR] vermelho [PAR] Etymology[ edit ] [PAR] From Old Portuguese vermello \u200e(\u201cred\u201d), from Vulgar Latin *vermiclus , from Latin vermiculus \u200e(\u201clittle worm\u201d), from vermis \u200e(\u201cworm\u201d), ultimately in reference to Kermes vermilio , a type of scale insect used to make a crimson dye.[DOC] [TLE] vermelho - Dicion\u00e1rio Portugu\u00eas-Ingl\u00eas WordReference.com vermelho - Dicion\u00e1rio Portugu\u00eas-Ingl\u00eas WordReference.com [PAR] English [PAR] Portuguese [PAR] red adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, \"a tall girl,\" \"an interesting book,\" \"a big house.\" [PAR] (cheeks: flushed) [PAR] [PAR] Our cheeks were red in the cold air. [PAR] red adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, \"a tall girl,\" \"an interesting book,\" \"a big house.\" [PAR] colloquial (communist, socialist) (comunista) [PAR] [PAR] The West fought against the \"red menace\". [PAR] pink adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, \"a tall girl,\" \"an interesting book,\" \"a big house.\" [PAR] (of leftist politics) (simpatizante do comunismo) [PAR] vermelho adj [PAR] The newspaper was accused of being pink because it rarely criticised the Communists. [PAR] red nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [PAR] (colour) (cor) [PAR] American redstart nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [PAR] (bird: North American warbler) (p\u00e1ssaro) [PAR] mariquita-de-rabo-vermelho sf [PAR] [PAR] The American redstart is the only common wood warbler with orange and black plumage; most warblers are yellow and black. [PAR] be in the red viintransitive verb: Verb not taking a direct object--for example, \"She jokes.\" \"He has arrived.\" [PAR] figurative (be in debt) (estar em d\u00e9bito) [PAR] estar no vermelho loc v int [PAR] [PAR] The company had been in the red for years, but under the new CEO it recovered completely. [PAR] blood red adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, \"a tall girl,\" \"an interesting book,\" \"a big house.\" [PAR] (vibrantly red in colour) (cor) [PAR] That carpet is a garish blood red. [PAR] brownstone nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [PAR] US (type of red-brown stone) [PAR] arenito vermelho loc sm [PAR] brownstone nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [PAR] US (terraced house built of brownstone) [PAR] casa geminada de arenito vermelho loc sf [PAR] cherry red nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [PAR] (deep red colour) [PAR] [PAR] Her lips were of cherry red, her eyes of the palest blue. [PAR] cherry red adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, \"a tall girl,\" \"an interesting book,\" \"a big house.\" [PAR] (of a deep red colour) [PAR] vermelho cereja adj [PAR] The beautiful jewel was a deep cherry-red colour. [PAR] gunmetal nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [PAR] (metal used to make firearms) (metal para fazer armas) [PAR] bronze de canh\u00e3o sm [PAR] [PAR] bronze vermelho loc sm [PAR] overdrawn adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, \"a tall girl,\" \"an interesting book,\" \"a big house.\" [PAR] (account: in debit) (conta: em d\u00e9bito) [PAR] no vermelho loc adj"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Other Side of Suez - YouTube The Other Side of Suez - YouTube [PAR] The Other Side of Suez [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 9, 2014 [PAR] The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, Suez Canal Crisis, Suez War, or Second Arab-Israeli War[13][14] (Arabic: \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 /\u200e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u200e Azmat al-Suways / al-\u02bbUdw\u0101n al-Thul\u0101th\u012b , \"Suez Crisis\"/ \"the Tripartite Aggression\"; French: Crise du canal de Suez; Hebrew: \u05de\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2 \u05e7\u05d3\u05e9\u200e Mivtza' Kadesh \"Operation Kadesh,\" or \u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9 Mil\u1e96emet Sinai, \"Sinai War\"), was a diplomatic and military confrontation in late 1956 between Egypt on one side, and Britain, France and Israel on the other, with the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations playing major roles in forcing Britain, France and Israel to withdraw.[15] [PAR] The attack followed the President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal, after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the Aswan Dam, which was in response to Egypt's new ties with the Soviet Union and recognizing the People's Republic of China during the height of tensions between China and Taiwan.[16] The aims of the attack were primarily to regain Western control of the canal and to remove Nasser from power,[17] and the crisis highlighted the danger that Arab nationalism posed to Western access to Middle East oil.[18] [PAR] Less than a day after Israel invaded Egypt, Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to Egypt and Israel, and then began to bomb Cairo. Despite the denials of the Israeli, British, and French governments, allegations began to emerge that the invasion of Egypt had been planned beforehand by the three powers.[19] Anglo-French forces withdrew before the end of the year, but Israeli forces remained until March 1957, prolonging the crisis. In April, the canal was fully reopened to shipping, but other repercussions followed. [PAR] The three allies, especially Israel, were mainly successful in attaining their immediate military objectives, but pressure from the United States and the USSR at the United Nations and elsewhere forced them to withdraw. As a result of the outside pressure Britain and France failed in their political and strategic aims of controlling the canal and removing Nasser from power. Israel fulfilled some of its objectives, such as attaining freedom of navigation through the Straits of Tiran. As a result of the conflict, the UNEF would police the Egyptian--Israeli border to prevent both sides from recommencing hostilities. [PAR] Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u200e, IPA: [\u0261\u00e6\u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0l \u0295\u00e6bden\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0s\u02e4e\u027e \u0127e\u02c8se\u02d0n]; 15 January 1918 -- 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. He planned the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy, and was deputy prime minister in the new government. In 1953, Nasser introduced far-reaching land reforms. Following a 1954 Muslim Brotherhood-led attempt on his life, he ordered a crackdown on the organization, put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest, and assumed executive office. A June 1956 public referendum approved both the new constitution and Nasser's nomination for presidency. [PAR] Nasser's neutralist policies during the Cold War led to tense relations with Western powers, which withdrew funding for the planned Aswan Dam. Nasser's retaliatory move to nationalize the Suez Canal Company"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Right Atrium - Human Heart - InnerBody Right Atrium - Human Heart [PAR] Home > Cardiovascular System > Heart and Cardiovascular System of the Upper Torso > Heart > Right Atrium [PAR] Right Atrium [PAR] The right atrium is one of the four hollow chambers of the interior of the heart. It is located in the upper right corner of the heart superior to the right ventricle. Deoxygenated blood entering the heart through veins from the tissues of the body first enters the heart through the right atrium before being pumped into the right ventricle. [PAR] The right atrium is one of the two atria of the heart, which function as receiving chambers for blood entering the heart. It is located to the right of the left atrium and superior to the much larger and more muscular right ventricle. Between the right atrium and right ventricle is a one-way valve known as the tricuspid valve.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Change View Angle [PAR] Full Right Atrium Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . The muscular walls of the right atrium are much thinner than those of the ventricles and feature a wrinkled flap shaped like a floppy dog ear, known as the auricle. The auricle is hollow and extends outward from the anterior surface to increase the internal volume of the right atrium. [PAR] Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through three major veins: the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. The superior vena cava returns all of the blood to the heart from tissues superior to the heart in the head, neck, arms and upper thorax. Likewise, the inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from tissues inferior to the heart, including the legs, abdomen and lower thorax. Blood from the exterior of the heart itself is collected in the coronary sinus to be returned to the interior of the heart. [PAR] On the medial edge of the right atrium is a muscular wall known as the interatrial septum. The interatrial septum separates the left and right atria and prevents blood from passing between them. As an infant, a small hole in the interatrial septum known as the foramen ovale allows blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium to reduce the flow of blood to the inactive lungs. At birth, a small flap of tissue moves to cover the foramen ovale and prevent the flow of blood between the atria. As an adult, a small indentation in the interatrial septum known as the fossa ovalis remains where foramen ovale once existed. In some cases the foramen ovale fails to close in a condition known as patent foramen ovale. [PAR] The right atrium also contains the sinoatrial (SA) node, the pacemaker of the heart. This vital piece of tissue acts as the pacemaker of the heart by controlling its rhythm and exciting the other cardiac muscle cells to contract. Autonomic nerves connect the brain to the SA node to increase or decrease the heart rate to maintain blood pressure, oxygen and carbon dioxide homeostasis. [PAR] The right atrium not only receives blood passively from the veins, but also actively pumps blood into the right ventricle. During the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, cardiac muscle in all of the chambers of the heart relaxes, allowing the chambers to increase their volume. Blood returning from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Harrison - University of Pittsburgh George Harrison [PAR] Home \u2022 George Harrison [PAR] George Harrison [PAR] George Harrison, MBE 25 February 1943 to 29 November 2001, was an award winning English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, author and sitarist best known as the lead guitarist of The Beatles. Following the bands breakup, Harrison had a successful career as a solo artist and later as part of the Traveling Wilburys super group where he was known as both Nelson Wilbury and Spike Wilbury. He was also a film producer, with his production company Handmade Films, involving people as diverse as Madonna and the members of Monty Python. After Harrison embraced Hinduism in the 1960s, his spiritual convictions were often evident in his music and public activities. [PAR] Although John Lennon and Paul McCartney were the Beatles main songwriters, Harrison generally wrote or sang lead on a few songs per album. His later compositions earned him growing admiration as a talent in his own right. Despite his artistic growth he remained overshadowed by the Lennon McCartney duo. After the band's breakup it was Harrison who achieved the first number 1 single My Sweet Lord by any ex Beatle. Besides his talents as a singer, songwriter, guitarist, and sitarist, he was also a record producer. [PAR] While still a Beatle, Harrison became attracted to Indian music and Hinduism. Both would subsequently play a prominent role in Harrisons life and music. His use of the sitar introduced the instrument to millions of Western listeners. He adopted Hinduism as there is no conversion in Hinduism and his last rites were performed according to Hindu tradition. [PAR] After The Beatles breakup, Harrison had a successful solo career, scoring hits with My Sweet Lord, What Is Life, Give Me Love, All Those Years Ago, and Got My Mind Set on You. Harrisons landmark triple album, All Things Must Pass, currently holds the distinction of being the best selling album by a solo Beatle. He, along with Pandit Ravi Shankar, also organised the first large scale benefit concert, The Concert for Bangladesh, which took place on 1 August 1971. Harrison was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist in 2004. [PAR] Harrison was also a film producer and founded Handmade Films in 1979. The company's films include Monty Pythons The Life of Brian in which he had a cameo, Time Bandits, Withnail and I, and Mona Lisa. Harrison also has a cameo role in the Rutles TV mockumentary All You Need Is Cash. Harrison died of cancer on 29 November 2001, at the age of 58. [PAR] When youve seen beyond yourself, then you may find, peace of mind is waiting there. [PAR] Navigation[DOC] [TLE] George Harrison ( of The Beatles Anthology) George Harrison ( of The Beatles Anthology) [PAR] edit data [PAR] George Harrison, MBE, was an award-winning English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, author and sitarist best known as the lead guitarist for The Beatles. Following the band's breakup, Harrison had a successful career as a solo artist and later as part of the Traveling Wilburys super group where he was known as both Nelson Wilbury and Spike Wilbury. He was also a film producer, with his production company Handmade Films, involving people as diverse as Madonna and the members of Monty Python. After Harrison embraced Hinduism in the 1960s, his spiritual convictions were often evident in his music and public activities."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Animals That Have Helped Sell Cars - Vetstreet 7 Animals That Have Helped Sell Cars [PAR] 1 of 8 \u00ab Back Next \u00bb [PAR] Michael McMurrough, Alamy [PAR] Pontiac Firebird [PAR] Flying cars are still a thing of the future (we hope!), but for now, we'll settle for a Pontiac Firebird . By the late 1970s, this car was all the rage, and although production on the model stopped in 2002, they're still easy to spot, not only for their iconic design but also, on some, by the giant bird emblem painted on the hood. Gives new meaning to flying down the highway! [PAR] \u00a9 2013 Chrysler Group LLC [PAR] Dodge Ram [PAR] The Dodge Ram logo has had multiple makeovers since its inception in the late 1920s by sculptor Avard T. Fairbanks. Unlike the striking sheep logo we know today, previous iterations featured the animal as a prominent hood ornament. [PAR] \u00a9 Automobili Lamborghini Holding S.p.A. [PAR] Lamborghini [PAR] Another horned animal, a strong bull, plays a front and center role for this luxury car company . Founder Ferrucio Lamborghini was born under the sign of Taurus (Latin for \"bull\"), which explains why he found this animal to be a fitting symbol for the speed and muscle of the Lamborghini vehicles. [PAR] \u00a9 2013 Chrysler Group LLC [PAR] Dodge Viper [PAR] Known as the SRT Viper as of 2013, the Dodge Viper was first assembled in the early 1990s. These modern muscle cars are as sleek as their animal counterpart and fulfill a need for speed. [PAR] \u00a9 Ford Motor Company [PAR] Ford Mustang [PAR] The Ford Mustang has become a huge part of Americana, with more than a million manufactured since the 1960s. Featured in more than 500 films, the car, along with its equine emblem, is a part of history for its speed and design. [PAR] Peugeot [PAR] Peugeot [PAR] The king of the jungle has a seat in the automotive world with Peugeot vehicles. Original Peugeot vehicles date back to France in the late 1800s. However, the company founder, Emile Peugeot, applied for the lion trademark decades before he made his first car, showing this brand's dedication to its ruling animal. [PAR] Jaguar [PAR] Jaguar [PAR] Jaguar has long been known for sleek, sexy and sophisticated luxury vehicles. The company has seen success in the development of speed vehicles as well, which makes Jaguar's big cat mascot, which has stood proudly as a hood ornament on many of the company's creations, an apt portrayal of the brand.[DOC] [TLE] History of the Peugeot Lion Logo - Etiziano History of the Peugeot Lion Logo [PAR] History of the Peugeot Lion Logo [PAR] History of the Nike Logo \u2192 [PAR] Peugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn, the second largest carmaker in Europe. [PAR] Peugeot's roots go back to 19th-century coffee mill and bicycle manufacturing. The Peugeot company and family is originally from Sochaux, France. Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot Museum there. It also sponsors the Sochaux football club, founded in 1928 by a member of the Peugeot family. [PAR] History of the Peugeot Logo: [PAR] Peugeot Logo in 1850"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fragaria. | Henriette's Herbal Homepage Fragaria. | Henriette's Herbal Homepage [PAR] Henriette's Herbal Homepage [PAR] Welcome to the bark side. [PAR] Search form [PAR] Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Scarlet Strawberry. Virginia Strawberry. [PAR] Fragaria. Rosaceae. Strawberry. [PAR] The Latin word for the strawberry, Fraga, has given name to the botanical genus Fragaria, which includes our edible species. Ruellius, 1536, says the French word fresas was applied to the fruit on account of the excellent sweetness of its odor, odore suavissimum, and taste; in 1554, this was spelled frayses by Amatus Lusitanicus, but the modern word fraise appeared in the form fraises, in Fuchsius, 1542, and Estienne, 1545. The Italian fraghe and fragole, as used by Matthiolus, 1571, and fragola as used by Zvingerus, 1696, and the modern Italians, appear to have come directly from the Latin; while the Spanish fresa and fresera must have had the same immediate origin as the French. Some of the ancient commentators and botanists seem to have derived the Latin name from fragrans, sweet-smelling, for Turner in his Libellus, 1538, says \"fragum non fragrum (ut quidam scioli scribunt),\" and Amatus Lusitanicus, 1554, writes fragra. The latter quotes Servius, a grammarian of the fifteenth century, as calling the fruit terrestria mora,\u2014 earth mulberry,\u2014(or, following Dorstenius who wrote in 1540, \"fructus terrae et mora terrestria),\" whence the Spanish and Portuguese murangaos, (the modern Portuguese moranguoiro). The manner of the fruit-bearing, near the ground, seems to have been the character of the plant more generally observed, however, than that of the fruit, for we have Virgil's verse, \"humi nascentia fraga,\" child of the soil, and Pliny's epithet, \"terrestribus fragis,\" ground strawberry, as distinguishing from the Arbutus unedo Linn. or strawberry tree, as also the modern vernacular appellations, such as the Belgian eertbesien, Danish jordbeer, German erdbeere, Netherland aerdbesie, while even the English strawberry, the Anglo-Saxon streowberie, spelled in modern fashion by Turner in 1538, is said to have been derived from the spreading nature of the runners of the plant, and to have come originally from the observed strewed, anciently strawed, condition of the stems, and reading as if written strawedberry plant. It was called straeberry by Lidgate in the fifteenth century. [PAR] The classical history of the strawberry can be written very shortly. Virgil refers to the \"humi nascentia fraga\" in his third Eclogue; Ovid to the \"arbuteos fructus mon-tanaque fraga\" in his Metamorphoses, book I, v. 104, as furnishing a food of the golden age and again in the 13th book, \"mollia fraga;\" and Pliny mentions the plant by name in his lib. xxi, c. 50, and separates the ground strawberry from the arbutus tree in his lib. xv, c. 28. The fruit is not mentioned in the cook-book ascribed to Apicius Coelius, an author supposed to have lived about A. D. 230. The Greeks seem to have had no knowledge of the plant or fruit; at least there is no word in their writings which commentators have agreed in interpreting as applying to the strawberry. Nicolaus Myripsicus, an author of the tenth century, uses the word phragouli, and Forskal, in the eighteenth century, found the word phraouli in use for the strawberry by the Greeks about Belgrade. Fraas gives the latter word for the modern Greek, and Sibthorp the word kovkoumaria, which resembles the ancient Greek komaros or komaron, applied to the arbutus tree, whose fruit has a superficial resemblance to the strawberry. [PAR] Neither the strawberry nor its cultivation is mentioned by Ibnal-awam, an author of the tenth century, unusually full and complete in his treatment of garden, orchard, and field products, nor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An evaluation of lightning and corona discharge on ... An evaluation of lightning and corona discharge on thunderstorm air and precipitation chemistry | SpringerLink [PAR] , Volume 10, Issue 1 , pp 83\u201396 [PAR] An evaluation of lightning and corona discharge on thunderstorm air and precipitation chemistry [PAR] Authors [PAR] 98 Downloads [PAR] Abstract [PAR] This study synthesizes literature to provide a best estimate for the integrated effect of cloud-to-ground lightning, intracloud lightning, and corona discharge on air and precipitation chemistry for an idealized thunderstorm. The cloud volume concentration of NO (the predominant chemical species produced by lightning), assuming all flashes occurred simultaneously in an undiluted, idealized storm volume of 1.5\u00d7103 km3, is approximately 0.8 ppbv at STP. Uncertainties are discussed, and assumptions used in this estimate are evaluated and compared to the literature for consistency. Also, NO production values (an average of field, theoretical, and laboratory observations) are used to scale theoretical estimates of other chemical species produced by lightning that can be scavenged by precipitation. The maximum concentrations of these pollutants in rain water are estimated by assuming complete removal of these select, acid rain related species and found to be insignificant. [PAR] Key words [PAR] Atmospheric lightning chemistrycorona discharge chemistryacid rainthunderstorm chemical budgetsglobal N budgetsnatural sources of air pollutants [PAR] References [PAR] AttmannspacherW., and HartmannsgruberR., 1973, On extremely high values of ozone near the ground,Pure Appl. Geophys. 106\u2013108, 1091\u20131096. CrossRef Google Scholar [PAR] Baum, C. E., Breen, E. L., O'Neil, J. P., Moore, C. B., and Hall, D. L., 1980, Measurement of electromagnetic properties of lightning with 10 nanosecond resolution in lightning technology, NASA Conf. Publ. 2128 FAA-RD-80-30, 39\u201382. [PAR] BergerK., AndersonR. B., and KroningerH., 1975, Parameters of lightning flashes,Electra 80, 23\u201327. Google Scholar [PAR] BergerK., 1977, The earth flash, in R. H.Golde (ed.),Lightning, Volume I,Physics of Lightning, Academic Press, New York, pp. 119\u2013190. Google Scholar [PAR] BhetanabhotlaM. N., CrowellB. A., CoucouvinosA., HillR. D., and RinkerR. G., 1985, Simulation of trace species production by lightning and corona discharge in moist air,Atmos. Environ. 19, 1391\u20131397. CrossRef Google Scholar [PAR] BoruckiW. J. and ChameidesW. J., 1984, Lightning: Estimates of the rates of energy dissipation and nitrogen fixation,Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 22, 363\u2013372. Google Scholar [PAR] BrookM., and OgawaT., 1977, The cloud discharge, inLightning, R. H.Golde (ed.), Volume I,Physics of Lightning, Academic Press, New York, pp. 191\u2013230. Google Scholar [PAR] BrooksC. E. P., 1925, The distribution of the thunderstorms over the globe,Geophys. Mem. 24, 147. Google Scholar [PAR] CalvertJ. G., LazrusA., KokG. L., HeikesB. G., WalegaJ. G., LindJ., and CantrellC. A., 1985, Chemical mechanisms of acid generation in the troposphere,Nature 317, 27\u201335. CrossRef Google Scholar [PAR] ChameidesW. L., StedmanD. H., DickersonR. R., RushD. W., and CiceroneR. J., 1977, NOx production in lightning,J. Atmos. Sci. 34, 143\u2013149. CrossRef Google Scholar [PAR] ChameidesW. L., 1979, The implications of CO production in electrical discharges,Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 287\u2013290. Google Scholar [PAR] ChameidesW. L., DavisD. D., BradshawJ., RodgersM., SandholmS., and BaiD. B., 1987, An estimate of the NOx production rate in electrified clouds based on NO observations from the GTE/CITE 1 Fall 1983 field operations,J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2153\u20132156. Google Scholar [PAR] ClarkeJ. F. and GriffingG. W., 1985, Aircraft observations of extreme ozone concentrations near thunderstorms,Atmos. Environ. 19, 1175\u20131179. CrossRef Google Scholar [PAR] CrabbJ. A. and LathamJ., 1974, Corona from colliding drops as a possible mechanism for the triggering of lightning,Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 100, 191\u2013202. CrossRef Google Scholar [PAR] DaumP. H., KellyT. J., SchwartzS. E., and NewmanL., 1984, Measurements of the chemical composition of stratiform clouds,Atmos. Environ. 12, 2671\u20132684. Google Scholar [PAR] DawsonG. A., 1969, Pressure dependence of water drop"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Are Bert and Ernie named after characters from It's a ... Are Bert and Ernie named after characters from It's a Wonderful Life? | Muppet Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Are Bert and Ernie named after characters from It's a Wonderful Life? [PAR] 31,243pages on [PAR] Share [PAR] Bert and Ernie catch a scene from It's a Wonderful Life in the Elmo Saves Christmas special. [PAR] It has been stated in numerous articles, websites and television shows that Bert and Ernie from Sesame Street were named after two characters from the film It's a Wonderful Life , Bert the policeman and Ernie the cab driver. The statement often surfaces around Christmas , or in filler \"trivia\" columns in newspapers. [PAR] There has never been any official confirmation of this statement. On the contrary, most sources from the Henson company have claimed it to be merely a coincidence. [PAR] The old Ask Henson.com website features this response : [PAR] \u201c While Bert and Ernie's names have often been linked to those of the cop and cab driver in It's A Wonderful Life, Jim Henson and others have always said that that is just a coincidence. Apparently, Bert's and Ernie's names were picked just because the creators/writers liked them, they fit the characters, and they sounded good together. \u201d [PAR] A more in-depth response was given by Jerry Juhl , writing to The San Francisco Chronicle to correct the \"Annual Xmas Quiz\" from December 27, 1999: [PAR] \u201c I was the head writer for the Muppets for 36 years and one of the original writers on Sesame Street. The rumor about It's a Wonderful Life has persisted over the years. [PAR] I was not present at the naming, but I was always positive it was incorrect. Despite his many talents, Jim had no memory for details like this. He knew the movie, of course, but would not have remembered the cop and the cabdriver. I was not able to confirm this with Jim before he died, but shortly thereafter I spoke to Jon Stone , Sesame Street's first producer and head writer and a man largely responsible for the show's format. (Jon, sadly, is no longer with us either.) [PAR] He assured me that Ernie and Bert were named one day when he and Jim were studying the prototype puppets. They decided that one of them looked like an Ernie, and the other one looked like a Bert. The movie character names are purely coincidental. [1] \u201d [PAR] The show referenced the persistent rumor in the 1996 special Elmo Saves Christmas . In one scene, Ernie and Bert walk by a TV set, which is playing the movie. The pair are surprised by the following dialogue: \"Bert! Ernie! What's the matter with you two guys? You were here on my wedding night!\" [PAR] The rumor has been reinforced by various sources, including Sesame Workshop , through their 35 anniversary trivia quiz on Sesamestreet.org , [2] on VEE Corporation 's Sesame Street Live Facebook fan page, [3] and even by Sesame Workshop CEO Gary Knell . [4]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Money Slang : Cockney Rhyming Slang Money Slang : Cockney Rhyming Slang [PAR] Follow @CockneyRabbit [PAR] Money Slang [PAR] There is scads of Cockney slang for money. Much of it derives from the designs on the notes - five pounds, ten pounds, twenty pounds. [PAR] The first things you gotta learn are that five pounds is a fiver, and ten pounds is a tenner. Then you gotta know the key money values: \u00a320 is a Score, \u00a325 is a Pony, \u00a3100 is a Ton, \u00a3500 is a Monkey, and \u00a31000 is a Grand. [PAR] Here's our list of terms from the dictionary that are money-related. If you've got any more, sling 'em over![DOC] [TLE] Money Slang - Cockney Rhyming Slang Money Slang [PAR] \ufffd50 [Thanks to Scott Hobson. If anyone know the origin of this please let me know.] [PAR] Tosheroon [PAR] Half crown [Thanks to Sue Allen who read this in Sidney Day's London Born] [PAR] I was being asked very often where the terms \"monkey\" and \"pony\" came from. I've received the following which hopefully clears this question up. [PAR] Stephen Cheshire has provided the following: With reference to a 'monkey' for \ufffd500. I was once told that it came from soldiers returning from India where the 500 rupee note had a picture of a monkey on it. They used the term monkey for 500 rupees and on returning to England the saying was converted for sterling to mean \ufffd500. [PAR] This has been confirmed by Jason Beckett who also believes that the 25 rupee note had a picture of a pony on it. [PAR] Mathew Jackson confirms this. [PAR] Ian Crossley says: Pony comes from the time when five pound notes were white and the cost of horses or ponies and the wedding carriage and the main expenses was approx \ufffd25. People used to say \"I'll pay for the pony in white\", referring to the colour of the money and the wedding. Therefore five white fivers became a pony roughly the cost of a wedding. [PAR] On the other hand, Henry Charles believes the references come from diamond mining , where a monkey means 50 carats and pony 100 carats, modified to mean \ufffd50 and \ufffd100 respectively. [PAR] The pound note is just an IOU. It promises to pay the bearer on demand a pound in weight of coinage. Coinage was originally transacted in weights. Often a mixture of coins did not weigh exactly a pound or half a pound, in fact they often had to split a coin to make the mixture of coins weigh exactly what was required. To make the splitting of a coin easier, certain coins were stamped with a cross. This enabled a coin to be split easily in half or quarters. This cross was likened to a star, the coins where soon nicknamed 'starlings', this word eventually evolved to what we now know as STERLING. English coins where split into four, each quarter was nicknamed a fourthing or fourling, this word evolved into FARTHING. Many foreign coins had more elements to their stars and their coins where split into eighths, hence the term PIECES OF EIGHT. A lot of these coins where of Hispanic origin and the term associated with these coins developed in the American version of English which is where the Americans get the term 'TWO BIT THIS' or 'TWO BIT THAT' from. Many people think the term 'wedge' is a recent slang term or relatively modern term, this is not the case. When a coin was split into quarters or eighths the shape was of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Makka Pakka: Other TV Character Toys | eBay Makka Pakka: Other TV Character Toys | eBay [PAR] Other TV Character Toys [PAR] | [PAR] 523 sold [PAR] Product details: Plush soft toy - 10\" tall - Makka Pakka. Official In The Night Garden. we wholesale over 3,000 products in children's toys and games. BE SURE TO ADD US AS ONE OF YOUR. [PAR] 0 bids [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] Have hours of fun with the In the Night Garden Makka Pakka Soft Toy. Perfect for all In the Night Garden fans. The Makka Pakka Soft Toy is made from soft textured fabrics making him super huggable! [PAR] | [PAR] 18 sold [PAR] From the popular TV series In the Night Garden, this Makka Pakka Mini Soft Toy is sure to be a hit with any young fan! Perfect for playtime and sleep time, Makka Pakka Mini Soft Toy is ready to take w...[DOC] [TLE] Meet the Characters | In The Night Garden Meet the Characters | In The Night Garden [PAR] The Tittifers [PAR] Igglepiggle [PAR] Igglepiggle is physical and energetic - a well-loved teddy always jumping and bouncing around. He's curious and adventurous, but also vulnerable and modest. Despite his energy he is often in need of reassurance and comfort, which he gets from his best friend Upsy Daisy and his red blanket. [PAR] Upsy Daisy [PAR] Upsy Daisy is a happy and optimistic dolly. She loves nothing more than to dance through the garden and often convinces other character to join in. One of her favourite things is her bed, which has a mind of its own and can often be seen chasing her around the garden. [PAR] Makka Pakka [PAR] Makka Pakka lives in a little cave at the edge of the garden and likes nothing more than collecting and washing little stones - he'll often wash the faces of the other characters too. He travels around the garden pushing his Og-Pog vehicle, which carries his soap and sponge, his uff-uff dryer and his special trumpet. [PAR] The Tombliboos [PAR] There are three Tombliboos - Unn who is red and green, Ooo who is brown and pink and Eee who is pink and yellow. They live together in an extraordinary bush, where they enjoy stacking and sorting their special blocks, banging their drums and making tunes on their piano. [PAR] The Pontipines and The Wottingers [PAR] The Pontipines are a large family of 10 that live in a semi-detached house at the foot of a tree. There are 8 children, 4 of which are girls and four of which are boys and they are always dressed in red. Their next-door neighbours are the Wottingers, who also have 8 children and they are always dressed in blue. [PAR] The Haahoos [PAR] The Haahoos are five enormous pillowy creatures who roam about the garden at a leisurely pace that is entirey their own. They are sedate and gentle, but are so big they often stop the Ninky Nonk in its tracks - no small feat! [PAR] The Ninky Nonk and The Pinky Ponk [PAR] The Ninky Nonk and the Pinky Ponk are the only forms of transport for the characters in the garden, but they couldn't be more different! The Ninky Nonk is a funny kind of train which careers through hedges and clambers up and down trees all over the garden. The Pinky Ponk is a kind of airship which glides gracefully in the air, providing wonderful aerial views of the garden for all those on board. [PAR] The Tittifers [PAR] The Tittifers are brightly coloured"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Midsummer Night's Dream | Shakespeare: Plays & Sonnets ... A Midsummer Night's Dream | Shakespeare: Plays & Sonnets | Educator.com [PAR] Shakespeare: Plays & Sonnets [PAR] Test names are the registered trademarks of their respective owners. [PAR] Said owners are not affiliated with Educator.com. [PAR] Enter your Sign on user name and password. [PAR] Username [PAR] Shakespeare: Plays & Sonnets A Midsummer Night's Dream [PAR] II. Plays: Lecture 6 | 30:12 min [PAR] Lecture Description [PAR] In this lesson, our instructor Rebekah Hendershot teaches A Midsummer Night\u0092s Dream. You\u0092ll go over the complete background of the play, the setting, and the characters. Rebekah explains each character in detail, including Theseus, Hippolyta, Hermia, Lysander, Helena, Demetrius, Titania, Oberon, Puck and everyone in between. You\u0092ll learn each element of the plot from the lover\u0092s escape to the final group wedding. Themes, major passages, and essay topic jumping-off points are also discussed. With Rebekah you\u0092ll discuss topics such as the development of dreams, love, rules, sex, and honesty. The lesson concludes with a few secrets to make understanding Shakespeare a lot easier. [PAR] Start learning today , and be successful in your academic & professional career. Start Today! [PAR] Loading video... [PAR] This is a quick preview of the lesson. For full access, please Log In or Sign up . [PAR] For more information, please see full course syllabus of Shakespeare: Plays & Sonnets [PAR] Next Lecture [PAR] Share this knowledge with your friends! [PAR] [PAR] Our free lessons will get you started ( Adobe Flash\u00ae required). [PAR] Get immediate access to our entire library. [PAR] Unlimited access to our entire library of courses. [PAR] Search and jump to exactly what you want to learn. [PAR] *Ask questions and get answers from the community and our teachers! [PAR] Practice questions with step-by-step solutions. [PAR] Download lesson files for programming and software training practice. [PAR] Track your course viewing progress. [PAR] Download lecture slides for taking notes. [PAR] Learn at your own pace... anytime, anywhere! [PAR] A Midsummer Night's Dream [PAR] First Things First [PAR] This lesson will teach you how to read and understand a play by William Shakespeare, one of the greatest playwrights in the history of the English language (and the man who invented quite a lot of it). [PAR] These videos are not a substitute for reading Shakespeare, listening to Shakespeare, or watching Shakespeare performed. [PAR] Seriously. Don\u2019t be that guy. [PAR] Background [PAR] Written 1590 \u2013 1596 (maybe 1594?) [PAR] Possibly written for an aristocratic wedding or a holiday [PAR] First published in 1600 [PAR] Athens\u2014Theseus and Hippolyta are about to be married [PAR] The woods around Athens [PAR] Fairyland\u2014in the woods? Not in the woods? Who knows? [PAR] Athens in Shakespeare does not mean actual Athens. [PAR] Characters [PAR] Hermia\u2014a pretty girl, Lysander\u2019s girlfriend [PAR] Lysander\u2014Hermia\u2019s boyfriend [PAR] Helena\u2014Hermia\u2019s less-pretty friend; loves Demetrius [PAR] Demetrius\u2014another young man; loves Hermia. [PAR] Egeus\u2014Hermia\u2019s father [PAR] Quince, Flute, Starveling, Snout, Snug\u2014more actors [PAR] Oberon\u2014King of the Fairies [PAR] Titania\u2014Queen of the Fairies [PAR] Puck\u2014Oberon\u2019s sidekick (a fairy trickster) [PAR] Peaseblossom, Cobweb, Moth, Mustardseed\u2014fairy servants of Titania [PAR] Plot [PAR] A wedding or an execution [PAR] The lovers run away [PAR] Helena and Demetrius run after them [PAR] Everybody gets lost in the woods [PAR] Titania and Oberon are fighting [PAR] Flower juice [PAR] Oberon feels sorry for Helena [PAR] Stupid actors in the forest [PAR] Puck \u201chelps\u201d [PAR] Lysander falls in love with Helena [PAR] Everyone runs around in circles [PAR] Demetrius falls in love with Helena [PAR] Duels, tears, and more running in circles [PAR] The actors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime Minister John George Diefenbaker, 1957-1963 ... Prime Minister John George Diefenbaker, 1957-1963 / Premier ministre John George Diefenbaker, 1957-1963 | Flickr [PAR] Back to albums list [PAR] Prime Minister John George Diefenbaker, 1957-1963 / Premier ministre John George Diefenbaker, 1957-1963 [PAR] John George Diefenbaker was born in Neustadt, Ontario in 1895. He won a House of Commons seat in 1940 and the Conservative Party leadership in 1956. He became Prime Minister of Canada after the 1957 election. [PAR] As Prime Minister, Diefenbaker introduced legislation that improved social and agricultural programs. He also stood up for and promoted the principle of human rights, both inside and outside the country. The Conservative Party lost the 1963 election, but Diefenbaker continued to represent his riding until his death in 1979. [PAR] See also:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RED RIVER | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State ... RED RIVER | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) [PAR] Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) [PAR] Site [PAR] RED RIVER [PAR] RED RIVER. The Red River is in the Mississippi drainage basin and is one of two Red Rivers in the nation. It is the second longest river associated with Texas. Its name comes from its color, which in turn comes from the fact that the river carries large quantities of red soil in flood periods. The river has a high salt content. The Spanish called the stream R\u00edo Rojo, among other names. It was also known in frontier times as the Red River of Natchitoches and the Red River of the Cadodacho (the Caddo Indians). Randolph B. Marcy and George B. McClellan identified the Prairie Dog Town Forkqv as the river's main stream in 1852. If one accepts their judgment the total length of the Red River is 1,360 miles, of which 640 miles is in Texas or along the Texas boundary. The drainage area of the river in Texas is 30,700 square miles. In 1944 Denison Dam was completed on the Red River to form Lake Texoma , which extends into Grayson and Cooke counties, Texas, and Marshall, Johnson, Bryan, and Love counties, Oklahoma, and was once the tenth-largest reservoir in the United States. Principal tributaries of the Red River, exclusive of its various forks, include the Pease and Wichita rivers in north central Texas, the Sulphur River in Northeast Texas, and, from Oklahoma, the Washita. The Ouachita is the main tributary in its lower course. [PAR] The Red River of Texas heads in four main branches: the Prairie Dog Town Fork, Elm Creekqv or the Elm Fork, the North Forkqv, and the Salt Fork . Water from the river's source in Curry County, New Mexico, forms a channel, Palo Duro Creek , in Deaf Smith County, Texas, which joins Tierra Blanca Creek northwest of Canyon to form the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River. This main channel flows east through Palo Duro Canyon , then across the rest of the Panhandle . The Prairie Dog Town Fork forms Palo Duro Club Lake and Lake Tanglewood in Randall County before it crosses southwestern Armstrong and northeastern Briscoe counties. Out of the canyon and into broken country, it flows eastward across central Hall and Childress counties for 160 miles. When the Prairie Dog Town Fork crosses the 100th meridian at the eastern line of Childress County, its south bank becomes the state boundary between Texas and Oklahoma and thus the northern county line of Hardeman and Wilbarger counties. Twelve miles northeast of Vernon the North Fork joins the Prairie Dog Town Fork to form the Red River proper (at 34\u00b024' N, 99\u00b032' W). Elm Creek, or the Elm Fork of the Red River, rises in northern Collingsworth County and drains into the North Fork of the Red River near the Greer-Kiowa county line in Oklahoma south of Altus Reservoir. The Salt Fork rises in north central Armstrong County, crosses part of Oklahoma, and joins the Prairie Dog Town Fork at the extreme northern point of Wilbarger County, Texas, sixteen miles northwest of Vernon. At this junction an ancient buffalo trail and the Western Trail once crossed the stream. Below the junction of the North Fork and the Prairie Dog Town Fork, the Red River proper continues to mark with its south bank the state line between Texas and Oklahoma and thus forms the northern county line of Wilbarger, Wichita, Clay,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben Gurion: the world's most secure airport? - CNN.com Ben Gurion: the world's most secure airport? - CNN.com [PAR] Ben Gurion: the world's most secure airport? [PAR] By Oren Liebermann , CNN [PAR] Updated 8:30 AM ET, Sat May 28, 2016 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] Tel Aviv's airport safety to be studied 02:02 [PAR] Tel Aviv, Israel (CNN) [PAR] As security concerns mount at international airports, more security officials are turning to Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion International Airport to understand what it does differently. [PAR] The airport, considered one of the safest in the world, has layers of security, only partially visible to the 16 million passengers who pass through every year. [PAR] No flight leaving the airport has ever been hijacked, and there has not been a terrorist attack at the airport since 1972, when three members of the Japanese Red Army killed 26 people and wounded dozens more in a shooting rampage. [PAR] The security begins in the Airport Security Operations Center, located near the airport. The small room, staffed 24/7, monitors every flight in Israeli airspace, including transit flights and nearby aircraft. [PAR] Each flight, each passenger, and each member of the flight crew are checked long before arriving in Israeli airspace. There is never a moment without pressure. An off-course aircraft or a flight without proper security clearance is flagged immediately. [PAR] Read More [PAR] MORE: Airport security: Can attacks be prevented? [PAR] Dvir Rubinshtein, manager of the operations center for Israel's Ministry of Transportation, estimates that 10 flights a day are flagged and checked. Since Ben Gurion is Israel's only major international airport, shutting down the airport would effectively cut off Israel from the air. [PAR] \"There is, every day, a situation where we have such concerns [about a flight],\" said Rubinshtein, \"and we check that and verify that everything is security cleared.\" [PAR] JFK delays: Computer outage causes headaches [PAR] Next month, Ben Gurion airport will host visitors from 40 different countries to discuss airport security, officials say. [PAR] Interest in Israeli airport security has grown after the attacks in Brussels, the crash of MetroJet Flight 9268, and now EgyptAir Flight 804. [PAR] Ben Gurion is a relatively small airport -- the airport handles about 20% of the passengers of London's Heathrow International Airport and 15% of Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, which just signed a cooperation agreement with Ben Gurion. [PAR] Some of the security measures employed at the airport are not scalable to larger hubs, but \"some fundamental principles and some best practices can be deployed in other parts of the world,\" said aviation security expert Shalom Dolev. \"It's not a copy and paste because it's not a situation where one size fits all.\" [PAR] Critics have accused both Israel and the United States of racial profiling as part of their aviation security procedures. [PAR] Dolev says it is risk-based security. Palestinians and Arabs passing through Ben Gurion say they are more likely to be stopped, searched, and questioned. Last year, Israel's High Court of Justice refused to ban racial profiling in a case brought by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel. The court did leave the door open for the group to file a case in the future. [PAR] Security expert Dolev says the Israeli tactics are risk-based security and don't amount to \"profiling.\" [PAR] In the United States, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has touted its evolution from a \"one-size-fits-all security screening approach to a risk-based, intelligence-driven strategy.\" [PAR] But that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Space Jam - Movie (1996) | TWC Central Space Jam - Movie (1996) | TWC Central [PAR] Search [PAR] Share [PAR] Swackhammer (Danny DeVito), an evil alien theme park owner, needs a new attraction at Moron Mountain. When his gang, the Nerdlucks, heads to Earth to kidnap Bugs Bunny (Billy West) and the Looney Tunes, Bugs challenges them to a basketball game to determine their fate. The aliens agree, but they steal the powers of NBA basketball players, including Larry Bird (Larry Bird) and Charles Barkley (Charles Barkley) -- so Bugs gets some help from superstar Michael Jordan (Michael Jordan). [PAR] Space Jam [PAR] 1996, Kids [PAR] Swackhammer (Danny DeVito), an evil alien theme park owner, needs a new attraction at Moron Mountain. When his gang, the Nerdlucks, heads to Earth to kidnap Bugs Bunny (Billy West) and the Looney Tunes, Bugs challenges them to a basketball game to determine their fate. The aliens agree, but they steal the powers of NBA basketball players, including Larry Bird (Larry Bird) and Charles Barkley (Charles Barkley) -- so Bugs gets some help from superstar Michael Jordan (Michael Jordan). [PAR] Space Jam [PAR] Live-action/animation mix is good fun for kids. [PAR] Consumerism [PAR] Violence & scariness [PAR] \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 [PAR] Parents need to know that Space Jam has some cartoon violence. The film is likely to impress younger viewers, even those without any sentimental attachment to the original Looney Tunes cartoons. The characters assemble a basketball team, including Michael Jordan as a member, to defeat a group of aliens who want to enslave them. By standing up against their potential slave masters, the Tunes' efforts are admirable, so the overall message is fairly positive. Jokes about merchandising and Jordan's ill-fated baseball career are thrown in for the older folks, but ultimately, this film will likely fail to hold the attention of many people over the age of 12. [PAR] Close[DOC] [TLE] Space Jam (1996) - IMDb Space Jam (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 18 January 2017 5:37 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In a desperate attempt to win a basketball match and earn their freedom, the Looney Tunes seek the aid of retired basketball champion, Michael Jordan. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 08 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 11 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Space Jam \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 5 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A paranormal expert and his daughter bunk in an abandoned house populated by three mischievous ghosts and one friendly one. [PAR] Director: Brad Silberling [PAR] The Looney Tunes search for a man's missing father and the mythical Blue Monkey diamond. [PAR] Director: Joe Dante [PAR] Story of a wonderful little girl, who happens to be a genius, and her wonderful teacher vs. the worst parents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caracal (Caracal Caracal) - Animals - A-Z Animals - Animal ... Caracal (Caracal Caracal) - Animals - A-Z Animals [PAR] Five groups that classify all living things [PAR] Animalia [PAR] A group of animals within the animal kingdom [PAR] Chordata [PAR] A group of animals within a pylum [PAR] Mammalia [PAR] A group of animals within a class [PAR] Carnivora [PAR] A group of animals within an order [PAR] Felidae [PAR] A group of animals within a family [PAR] Caracal [PAR] Comprised of the genus followed by the species [PAR] Caracal Caracal [PAR] The animal group that the species belongs to [PAR] Mammal [PAR] What kind of foods the animal eats [PAR] Carnivore [PAR] How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is [PAR] 65cm - 90cm (2ft - 3ft) [PAR] The measurement of how heavy the animal is [PAR] 11kg - 18kg (24lbs - 40lbs) [PAR] The fastest recorded speed of the animal [PAR] 80km/h (50mph) [PAR] How long the animal lives for [PAR] 12 - 15 years [PAR] Whether the animal is solitary or sociable [PAR] Solitary [PAR] The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct [PAR] Least Concern [PAR] The colour of the animal's coat or markings [PAR] Tan, Brown, Black [PAR] The protective layer of the animal [PAR] Fur [PAR] The specific area where the animal lives [PAR] Dry woodland and savannah [PAR] The average number of babies born at once [PAR] 3 [PAR] Other animals that hunt and eat the animal [PAR] Human, Hyena, Lions [PAR] Characteristics unique to the animal [PAR] Long, black ear tufts and short fur [PAR] Caracal Location [PAR] Map of Africa [PAR] Caracal [PAR] The caracal is also commonly known as the Persian Lynx or African Lynx despite the fact that the caracal is not a lynx at all. The caracal is thought to be most closely related to the African golden cat and the serval. [PAR] The caracals name is believed to come from the Turkish word Karakulak, which means black ears. The caracal typically has 20 different muscles in the caracals ears which enables the caracal to detect prey. [PAR] The caracal is a medium sized cat however, with the caracal , its size appears to make little difference on what the caracal hunts. Scientists have found dead ostriches with caracal tooth-marks in them, meaning that the caracal is fast enough to outrun and catch an ostrich , and strong enough to overpower it and kill it. [PAR] The caracal has also been known to leap up into the air to successfully catch and kill flying birds . The caracals are excellent acrobats and can land safely. [PAR] The caracal is normally dark red, grey, or golden sand in colour and as the caracals name suggests, the caracals ears are black, with tufts. Young caracals bear reddish spots on the underbelly that disappear when they grow up. [PAR] The caracal mainly hunts rodents, birds (including ostriches), antelopes , gazelles, and rabbits . The caracal tends to avoid eating very stiff fur by neatly shearing it off with their claws, but they are tolerant of feathers. [PAR] The caracal can live up to around 12 years in the wild, with some adult caracals living to 17 years old in captivity. The caracal is found in Africa and Southwest Asia , where the caracal prefers grasslands (savannas and tropical grasslands), and deserts . [PAR] Share This Article[DOC] [TLE] Caracal Facts | Big Cat Rescue Caracal Facts | Big Cat Rescue [PAR] Big Cat Rescue [PAR] Genus: Felinae (Caracal) [PAR] Species: caracal [PAR] Misc: The name Caracal is derived from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About us | Edinburgh Festival Fringe About us | Edinburgh Festival Fringe [PAR] User login [PAR] About the Edinburgh Festival Fringe [PAR] The Edinburgh Festival Fringe is the largest arts festival in the world and takes place every August for three weeks in Edinburgh, Scotland\u2019s capital city. [PAR] Every year thousands of performers take to hundreds of stages all over Edinburgh to present shows for every taste. From big names in the world of entertainment to unknown artists looking to build their careers, the festival caters for everyone and includes theatre, comedy, dance, physical theatre, circus, cabaret, children's shows, musicals, opera, music, spoken word, exhibitions and events. [PAR] In 2016 there were 50,266 performances of 3,269 shows in 294 venues, making it the largest ever arts festival in the world. [PAR] The Fringe story dates back to 1947, when eight theatre groups turned up uninvited to perform at the (then newly formed) Edinburgh International Festival, an initiative created to celebrate and enrich European cultural life in the wake of the Second World War. Not being part of the official programme of the International Festival didn\u2019t stop these performers \u2013 they just went ahead and staged their shows on the \u2018Fringe of the Festival\u2019 anyway \u2013 coining the phrase and our name \u2018(Edinburgh) Festival Fringe\u2019. Year on year more and more performers followed their example and in 1958 the Festival Fringe Society was created in response to the success of this growing trend. [PAR] The Society formalised the existence of this collective of performances, provided information to artists, published the Fringe programme and created a central box office. Its constitution was written in line with the ethos that brought these theatre companies to Edinburgh back in 1947: that the Society was to take no part in vetting the festival\u2019s programme. To this day that policy remains at the core of our festival and we\u2019re proud to include in our programme anyone with a story to tell and a venue willing to host them. [PAR] Today, the Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society, a registered charity, has three core objectives: [PAR] providing support, advice and encouragement to all the amazing artists, producers and venues who create the Fringe each year, from help with choosing a venue or writing a press release, to advice on touring, free access to rehearsal space, and professional development activities and events [PAR] assisting the audiences who come to Edinburgh by helping you navigate what\u2019s on offer with comprehensive, accurate and up-to-date information and ticketing [PAR] promoting this wonderful and unique festival to the rest of the world [PAR] Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society is committed to the principles of the Scottish Business Pledge , a voluntary commitment to uphold standards of business practise and to embrace principles of fairness, equality, opportunity and innovation. Our commitments include: paying all employees at least the Living Wage; promoting staff development and training; supporting local businesses and investment in research and innovation. [PAR] The Society also works closely with Festivals Edinburgh and Creative Carbon Scotland to reduce our negative environmental impacts. We're currently one of the growing number of arts organisations working towards a more sustainable Scotland through participation in the Green Arts Initiative , a project designed to support festivals, venues, companies and audiences in reducing their carbon footprint while participating in the arts. [PAR] You can find everything you need to know about supporting the Society\u2019s work or coming to the Fringe whether you\u2019re an artist or an audience member, here on edfringe.com. Questions? Please don\u2019t hesitate to contact us . [PAR] About us[DOC] [TLE] Fest300 - Edinburgh Festival Fringe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Low | Lambiek Comiclopedia David Low | Lambiek Comiclopedia [PAR] David Low [PAR] (7 April 1891, New Zealand - 19 September 1963, UK) [PAR] David Low was a New Zealand cartoonist, who is best-known for the political cartoons he made in the UK during the 1930s and 1940s. Born in Dunedin, he had his first work published at age 11 and began his career with The Canterbury Times in 1910. After working in Australia for The Bulletin for a while, he moved to England in 1919. He was employed by The London Star until 1927 and then joined The Evening Standard. It was for this paper that Low created his famous commentaries on the turbulent political situation of the 1930s and 1940s, from the rise of fascism and the Spanish Civil War to the conflict of World War II. [PAR] From Low's Topical Budget of 12 February 1938 [PAR] His cartoons often featured sharp depictions of the political leaders of the time, but also the character of 'Colonel Blimp', a caricature of the British establishment. His 'Topical Budget' cartoon series also featured a strips about 'Hit and Muss' (Hitler and Mussolini), that led to a ban of his work in Italy and Germany, and to his inclusion in the so-called \"Black Book\" of prominent Britons to be arrested upon a Nazi invasion of Britain. [PAR] Low left The Evening Standard in 1950 and then continued his career working for the Daily Herald and The Manchester Guardian. He was knighted in 1962 and passed away during the following year."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myology - Muscles | Naturatomica Myology - Muscles | Naturatomica [PAR] Myology [PAR] Myology is a scientific study of the structure, arrangement, and action of muscles. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Myology is a study of the muscles, their structure, development, properties and functions. There is a very close interrelation between myology and such anatomic disciplines as surgery, cardiology, angiology, neuroanatomy, and topographical anatomy. [PAR] The following sections of myology are distinguished: [PAR] General Myology [PAR] Special Myology [PAR] History [PAR] Initially, myology was not considered as a separate section of the anatomy. The first research in myology was performed by Hippocrates. Aristotle and Galen were the first who described the kinematic role of muscles. Galen pointed for the first time to existence of the muscles' antagonists causing movement in opposite directions. Medieval scientist Avicenna described for the first time oculomotor muscles. [PAR] However, the founders of scientific anatomy as a whole and myology in particular were Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius, who began with one of the first corpses for research and the description of a structure of a human body. [PAR] Leonardo da Vinci made a set of detailed anatomic sketches of muscles and their descriptions at various conditions of a body, while Vesalius carried out a systematic statement of descriptive anatomy of muscles in the work \"About a Structure of a Human Body\". [PAR] A century later the doctor and anatomist Thomas Villis described for the first time myofibrils and their role in muscular reduction. [PAR] The surgeon and anatomist Nikolay Pirogov, among other authors with works on topographical anatomy, founded a basis for topography fascia as the auxiliary apparatus of muscular and vascular systems. [PAR] Peter Lesgaft and his followers developed the direction of a functional myology, studying a role of the environment and physical exercises in organism development, the nature of changes in muscles and bones influenced by physical activities, etc. [PAR] Physiologist Ivan Setchenov suggested a concept of muscular sensitivity (proprioception). [PAR] Section Structure [PAR] Form and function in skeletal muscle [PAR] Muscles and fasciae of the head [PAR] Anterolateral muscles and fasciae of the neck [PAR] Muscles and fasciae of the trunk [PAR] Muscles and fasciae of the upper limb [PAR] Muscles and fasciae of the lower limb [PAR] Posted in Myology - Muscles [PAR] Ask a Question Or Join a Discussion [PAR] Herb of the Day [PAR] Ginger Ginger is an herbaceous tropical perennial and grows from aromatic, tuberous rhizome which is knotty and branched. This... [PAR] more [PAR] Health tip of the Day [PAR] Homemade Healing Mixture for Dry and Cracked Feet Oils are rich in essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. Linoleic and linolenic acids are needed for the grow... [PAR] Latest Post [PAR] 1 [PAR] Berries Smoothie - Youth Elixir Strawberries are an excellent source of vitamins C and K, dietary fiber, and flavonoids......... [PAR] 2 [PAR] Homemade Healing Mixture for Dry and Cracked Feet Oils are rich in essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. Linoleic and linolenic acids are needed for the grow... [PAR] 3 [PAR] Bone Fractures When bones receive more pressure than they can withstand, a fracture occurs. Some of the more common causes are falls, ... [PAR] 4 [PAR] Indigestion Most people will suffer from indigestion (also known as dyspepsia) at some point in their lifetime. This condition is ty... [PAR] 5 [PAR] Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is typically caused by an irritation or infection of the intestines or stomach. It can cause diarrhea, v... [PAR] 6 [PAR] Gastritis Gastritis is most commonly caused by an infection of Heliobacter pylori bacteria, which is also the primary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Susie Blake - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Susie Blake | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Susie Blake was born 19th April , 1950 in Highgate, London . She is an English actress who played Bev Unwin in Coronation Street . Before the Street she had many regular roles on TV including Pam Redstone in Born and Bred and Jackie in Singles, as well as numerous appearances as part of the comedy troupes of Victoria Wood and Russ Abbot in various TV shows. Her drama credits include The Darling Buds of May, Sunburn and Wild at Heart. Upon leaving Coronation Street, she returned to the theatre, enjoying notable success as Madame Morrible in the smash hit West End production of Wicked. [PAR] She is currently Belinda in Cuckoo and also plays Hilary in Mrs Brown's Boys. [PAR] Blake reprised the role of Bev in July 2015 as part of a storyline involving the death of Deirdre Barlow after the real life passing of friend Anne Kirkbride .[DOC] [TLE] CORONATION STREET SPOILER: Susie Blake, who plays Bev ... CORONATION STREET SPOILER: Susie Blake, who plays Bev, back on set for Deirdre's funeral | TV & Radio | Showbiz & TV | Daily Express [PAR] TV & RADIO [PAR] CORONATION STREET SPOILER: Bev Unwin set to return to the cobbles for Deirdre's funeral [PAR] FORMER Rovers Return barmaid Bev Unwin, played by Susie Blake, will return to Weatherfield for Deirdre Barlow's funeral it's been revealed. [PAR] 11:42, Tue, May 12, 2015 [PAR] | UPDATED: 11:47, Tue, May 12, 2015 [PAR] SHIVER PRODUCTIONS\u2022REX [PAR] Susie Blake, who plays Bev, will rejoin the cast for Deirdre's funeral [PAR] Corrie fans can expect to see Bev back on their screens this summer as the Street says goodbye to one of its longest-running characters. [PAR] Coronation Street producers are planning to give Anne Kirkbride's iconic character a fitting send-off after the actress tragically died in January following a short battle with cancer. [PAR] Anne, who died aged 60, had played Deirdre for 42 years. [PAR] Since October last year, Deirdre has been staying with Bev and not in Weatherfield. [PAR] PA [PAR] Anne Kirkbride died of cancer earlier this year [PAR] Deirdre originally fled to escape the pressure of her stepson Peter Barlow's murder trial, but decided to stay on for longer to support her friend after Bev's brother passed away. [PAR] Bev left the cobbles in 2006 following the death of her fianc\u00e9 Fred Elliott, who died on their wedding day before they could tie the knot. [PAR] The grieving barmaid hit the bottle after Fred's demise and she left Weatherfield for the Peak District to live with daughter Shelley Unwin and her baby. [PAR] However, Bev kept in touch with friends, and she and Deirdre were always particularly close. [PAR] REX [PAR] Susie Blake will be back on screens this summer [PAR] Actress Susie was one of many soap stars to pay tribute to Anne after she passed. [PAR] In January, Susie said: \"[Anne] made everybody feel part of the family. She was the one who got everyone together, made them laugh, raised the temperature. [PAR] \"If you went on location, she'd get out the chairs and she'd be sunbathing, making you laugh and taking inappropriate photographs of people who were snoring in deckchairs when they should have been learning their lines!\" [PAR] She continued: \"She was absolutely key to keeping everybody's energy up on a long day - at a funeral or at a wedding, or any occasion where the whole cast were there and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Twelve Labors of Hercules - Infoplease The Twelve Labors of Hercules [PAR] Arts and Entertainment > Mythology [PAR] The Twelve Labors of Hercules [PAR] Hercules performed twelve labors given to him by King Eurystheus of Tiryns. For twelve years, he traveled all over to complete these incredible tasks. NOTE: Because different ancient poets gave their own accounts of Hercules's labors, some details may vary. [PAR] One: Kill the Nemean Lion [PAR] This monster of a lion had a hide was so tough that no arrow could pierce it. Hercules stunned the beast with his olive-wood club and then strangled it with his bare hands. It is said that he skinned the lion, using the lion's sharp claws, and ever after wore its hide. [PAR] Two: Kill the Lernean Hydra [PAR] The evil, snakelike Hydra had nine heads. If one got hurt, two would grow in its place. But Hercules quickly sliced off the heads, while his charioteer, Iolaus, sealed the wounds with a torch. Hercules made his arrows poisonous by dipping them in the Hydra's blood. [PAR] Three: Capture the Cerynian Hind [PAR] The goddess Artemis loved and protected this stubborn little deer, which had gold horns. Hercules found it a challenge to capture the delicate hind without hurting it (and making Artemis angry). After following the hind for an entire year, he safely carried it away. [PAR] Four: Capture the Erymanthian Boar [PAR] The people of Mount Erymanthus lived in fear of this deadly animal. Hercules chased the wild boar up the mountain and into a snowdrift. He then took it in a net and brought it to King Eurystheus, who was so frightened of the beast that he hid in a huge bronze jar. [PAR] Five: Clean the Augean Stables [PAR] Thousands of cows lived in these stables belonging to King Augeas . They had not been cleaned in 30 years, but Hercules was told to clean them completely in a single day. To do so he made two rivers bend so that they flowed into the stables, sweeping out the filth. [PAR] Six: Kill the Stymphalian Birds [PAR] These murderous birds lived around Lake Stymphalos. Their claws and beaks were sharp as metal and their feathers flew like darts. Hercules scared them out of their nests with a rattle and then killed them with the poison arrows he had made from the Hydra 's blood. [PAR] Seven: Capture the Cretan Bull [PAR] This savage bull, kept by King Minos of Crete, was said to be insane and breathe fire. Hercules wrestled the mad beast to the ground and brought it back to King Eurystheus. Unfortunately, the king set it free, and it roamed Greece, causing terror wherever it went. [PAR] Eight: Capture the Horses of Diomedes [PAR] King Diomedes , leader of the Bistones, fed his bloodthirsty horses on human flesh. Hercules and his men fought and killed King Diomedes and fed the king to his horses. This made the horses tame, so that Hercules was able to lead them to King Eurystheus. [PAR] Nine: Take the Girdle of the Amazon Queen Hippolyte [PAR] Hercules went to the land of the Amazons , where the queen welcomed him and agreed to give him her girdle for Eurystheus's daughter. But Hera spread the rumor that Hercules came as an enemy. In the end he had to conquer the Amazons and steal the golden belt. [PAR] Ten: Capture the Cattle of Geryon [PAR] Geryon , a winged monster with three human bodies, had a herd of beautiful red cattle. He guarded his prized herd with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alice Springs, Australia - Things To Do - Tourism Australia Guide to Alice Springs, Northern Territory - Tourism Australia [PAR] Guide to Alice Springs [PAR] Australia.com does not support the internet browser you are using. Please upgrade to a more recent browser so that you can explore the destinations and experiences that await you as you plan your Australian holiday. [PAR] Welcome to the official Australian tourism website. This site uses cookies. Find out more . [PAR] Alice Springs [PAR] Today's Weather in Alice Springs [PAR] In the heart of Australia lies Alice Springs, an oasis in the true sense of the word. [PAR] By Stephanie Williams [PAR] Surrounded by red dirt and hauntingly beautiful mountain ranges you'll find Alice Springs, a city of arts and events. Alice Springs \u2013 known to locals as simply \"Alice\" \u2013 is the beating heart of Australia's Red Centre. It's a great base for exploring the natural wonders of the Northern Territory's outback, including Uluru , Kata Tjuta , Kings Canyon , the West MacDonnell Ranges and their iconic Larapinta Trail , the red sands of the Simpson Desert and the haunting sight of the Devils Marbles . It's also a fascinating spot to explore Australia's Aboriginal culture. [PAR] [PAR] HOW TO GET THERE [PAR] Qantas has direct flights to Alice Springs from most major cities in Australia. Virgin Australia offers direct flights from Adelaide and Darwin. Alice Springs sits between the capital cities of Darwin and Adelaide, with a major sealed highway connecting the three destinations. It's about 16 hours from Alice Springs to either city, and the road has regular gas stations, small towns and roadhouses. Another popular way to experience the area is via The Ghan , a comfortable and scenic train journey between Adelaide and Darwin via Alice Springs and Katherine . [PAR] [PAR] Discover Aboriginal art in the city's galleries [PAR] Take a helicopter ride over the West MacDonnell Ranges [PAR] See sunrise or sunset over the red rocks of Uluru and Kata Tjuta [PAR] TOP THINGS TO DO IN ALICE SPRINGS [PAR] Visit Aboriginal art galleries [PAR] Australian Aboriginal art is the oldest ongoing art tradition in the world. Early Aboriginal stories and culture were expressed in rock carvings, body painting and ground designs, some dating back more than 30,000 years. In 1971 a schoolteacher, Geoffrey Bardon, saw the impermanent art being creating just north-west of Alice Spring at Papunya. He introduced paints and canvas to the community and many locals began adapting their styles to take advantage of these new, Western mediums. The Western Desert art movement was born. Artworks are displayed in galleries across Alice Springs, such as the Papunya Tula gallery, owned and directed by traditional Aboriginal people from the Western Desert. Lose yourself exploring the range of private and collectively owned galleries lining Todd Mall, a pedestrian-only shopping strip in the centre of town, or visit the collection at the Araluen Arts Centre . The Tjanpi Desert Weavers is a social enterprise that takes basket weaving to the next level. [PAR] Get to know the city's outback culture [PAR] Climb to the top of Anzac Hill for sweeping views over Alice Springs and the distant MacDonnell Ranges. Breakfast in one of the bustling caf\u00e9s along Todd Mall, then join the hop-on/hop-off bus to the town\u2019s main attractions such as the Telegraph Station Historical Reserve , part of the revolutionary telegraph system that connected England with Australia in 1872, or the School of the Air Visitor Centre , where you can sit in on a virtual lesson with Australian children who live in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Honey: Buy Gourmet Honey Online Acacia Tupelo Raw Manuka ... Honey: Buy Gourmet Honey Online Acacia Tupelo Raw Manuka. Benefits. igourmet.com [PAR] Honey [PAR] ABOUT HONEY [PAR] Order Online at the #1 Source for Gourmet Food and Gift Baskets [PAR] Buy Honey online from igourmet.com! Please visit our online store and go shopping at the number one imported food delivery service in the USA. Honey is a sweet natural substance made by honey bees from the nectar of flowers. Evidence suggests that humans gathered honey as many as 8,000 years ago as a Mesolithic rock painting from Spain depicts humans foraging for honey in beehives. Since ancient times humans have consumed honey in food and drink and have used honey for religious offerings, medicine, currency, cosmetics, embalming, building, and art. [PAR] Honey's role in human history is prominent, as cultures throughout the centuries valued honey for its wide array of uses. As early as 2,000 BC, honey was mentioned in ancient Egyptian and Indian texts. Archaeologists have discovered honey combs buried with Egyptian pharaohs in their tombs. In Greek mythology, honey was often considered \"ambrosia\", a food or drink of the Greek Gods. Honey was also an important ingredient in cooking and baking in Greece. Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, championed honey not only for its nutritional benefits but also for its medicinal values. The Romans even used honey as a topical medicine for healing their wounds during battles. Napoleon revered honey so much that he had bees embroidered onto his clothes and the flag of his army. By the 11th Century, German peasants paid feudal lords with honey. [PAR] A natural alternative to sugar, Honey consists mostly of fructose and glucose with small amounts of enzymes, vitamins and minerals. It also retains the natural aromas from the flowers from which it was derived. Honey is produced by honey bees. Three types of bees constitute a beehive: a queen bee, male drone bees and worker bees. Worker bees collect nectar from flowers and convert the nectar to honey to be stored in wax honeycombs inside the beehive. The bees then fans their wings in order to help with the evaporation of the water content of the honey. Once a human extracts honey from the honeycomb and properly seals it, it should have a long shelf-life, as some honey has been found to be preserved for decades and sometimes even centuries. For practical purposes though, manufacturers often put a two year expiration date on their honey jars. [PAR] Honey's flavor and color is determined by the source of the nectar, that of course being flower blossoms. In nature, bees will be attracted to just about any flower. However, beekeepers bring their bees to specific flower groves to create monofloral honeys like Acacia, Tupelo and Chestnut. In the US alone there are over 300 varieties of honey, most of them named for the flower from which they originate, such as Clover, Orange Blossom or Sage. Typically, lighter colored honey is milder, whereas darker colored honey is richer and more intense in flavor. [PAR] Single Flower Honey Varieties: [PAR] Acacia Honey: Our Acacia Honey is sourced from the blossoms of the Acacia \"tree\" (actually a legume) in Tuscany. This highly sought after honey does not crystallize, is very clear in appearance and has a delicate sweetness with hints of almond and vanilla. Acacia Honey is quite versatile. Enjoy it in tea or with cheese, where it adds a delicate sweetness to the salty tang of pecorino or gorgonzola. [PAR] Apple Blossom Honey: A light colored honey made by bees that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"MAME\" IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"MAME\" [PAR] Most Popular People With Biographies Matching \"MAME\" [PAR] 1-50 of 90 names. [PAR] Zac Efron [PAR] Zachary David Alexander Efron was born October 18, 1987 in San Luis Obispo, California. He is the son of Starla Baskett, a former secretary, and David Efron, an electrical engineer. He has a younger brother, Dylan. His surname, \"Efron\", is a Biblical place name, and comes from Zac's Polish Jewish paternal grandfather. The rest of Zac's recent ancestry is English, German, and Scottish. Zac was raised in Arroyo Grande, CA. He took his first step toward acting at the age of eleven, after his parents noticed his singing ability. Singing and acting lessons soon led to an appearance in a production of \"Gypsy\" that ran 90 performances, and he was hooked. [PAR] After appearing on-stage in \"Peter Pan\", \"Auntie Mame\", \"Little Shop of Horrors\" and \"The Music Man\", guest parts quickly followed on television series, including Firefly , ER , CSI: Miami , NCIS , and The Guardian . After guest-starring in several episodes of Summerland , Zac joined the regular cast as girl-crazy Cameron Bale. He also starred in several pilots, such as The Big Wide World of Carl Laemke and Triple Play , and played an autistic child in the television movie Miracle Run , alongside Mary-Louise Parker and Aidan Quinn . He graduated from Arroyo Grande High School in June 2006. [PAR] Efron came to fame for starring in the Disney Channel original film High School Musical , for which he won the Teen Choice Award for Breakout Star. He returned to the role of Troy Bolton in High School Musical 2 , which broke cable TV records with 17.5 million viewers. [PAR] He played title roles of the fantasy romance Charlie St. Cloud and the comedy 17 Again , both from director Burr Steers , and as the lovable Link Larkin in 2007's smash hit musical Hairspray , directed by Adam Shankman . As part of the all-star cast he shared a Critics Choice Award for Best Acting Ensemble, the 2007 Hollywood Film Festival Award for Ensemble of the Year, and was honored with a Screen Actors Guild Award\u00ae nomination for Outstanding Motion Picture Cast. In addition, he won an MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Performance. [PAR] Efron also starred in Richard Linklater 's Me and Orson Welles , an adaptation of the novel by Robert Kaplow , which premiered to rave reviews at the 2008 Toronto Film Festival. That same year, he starred in Kenny Ortega 's High School Musical 3: Senior Year , which set a box office record for the highest grossing opening weekend for a musical. [PAR] In 2012, Efron took the lead in The Lucky One , a film adaptation of the Nicholas Sparks novel, playing a marine who returns to North Carolina after serving in Iraq in search for the unknown woman he believes was his good luck charm during the war. He also lent his voice to the animated feature Dr. Seuss ' The Lorax , and co-starred in Lee Daniels ' thriller The Paperboy , alongside Nicole Kidman , John Cusack , Matthew McConaughey and Scott Glenn , as well as Josh Radnor 's Liberal Arts , which premiered to rave reviews at the Sundance Film Festival. Another indie film he co-starred in, At Any Price , was released in 2013. [PAR] Eric Stoltz [PAR] Eric Cameron Stoltz is a theater-trained actor and producer who has starred in both independent and studio films."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David and Victoria Beckham name baby girl Harper Seven ... David and Victoria Beckham name baby girl Harper Seven - Telegraph [PAR] David and Victoria Beckham name baby girl Harper Seven [PAR] David Beckham's wife Victoria has given birth to her fourth child, a baby girl called Harper Seven. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] Last week David Beckham took a photograph of his heavily pregnant wife in a bikini, when she wasn't looking, and posted it on Facebook. Photo: ENTERPRISE [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 2 [PAR] Mrs Beckham, the former Spice Girl, has previously spoken of her desire to have a daughter. Photo: EPA [PAR] By Nick Allen , Los Angeles [PAR] 8:29AM BST 11 Jul 2011 [PAR] Follow [PAR] The birth took place by Caesarean at Cedars-Sinai hospital in Los Angeles. [PAR] In a statement on his Facebook page, former England football captain Beckham said: \"I am so proud and excited to announce the birth of our daughter Harper Seven Beckham. [PAR] \"She weighed a healthy 7lbs 10oz and arrived at 7.55 this morning, here in LA. Victoria is doing really well and her brothers are delighted to have a baby sister xx [PAR] Friends of the couple were quick to send their congratulations. [PAR] A delighted Mel B, who is expecting her third child later this year, expressed her excitement on Twitter, writing: \"congrats!!! Yipeee another spice baby is born, damn it wish it was me this AM cos I feel like I'm about to POP!\" [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Is the fourth child a status symbol? [PAR] 11 Jan 2011 [PAR] Another former Spice Girl Emma Bunton also tweeted: \"Big kiss to @victoriabeckham can't wait to meet your gorgeous little girl!\" [PAR] The Beckhams, who married in 1999, already have three boys - Brooklyn, 11, Romeo, eight, and Cruz, five. [PAR] Mrs Beckham, the former Spice Girl, has previously spoken of her desire to have a daughter. [PAR] After the birth a spokesman said: \"Brooklyn, Romeo and Cruz are excited to welcome their new baby sister to the family.\" [PAR] The couple were aware that the baby was to be a girl. In March, Beckham told People magazine: \"Obviously, having three boys, you kind of expect another one, so finding out a little girl is in there is surprising, but, obviously, we are over the moon.\" [PAR] Last week the player took a photograph of his heavily pregnant wife in a bikini, when she wasn't looking, and posted it on Facebook. [PAR] She had previously told Women's Wear Daily that she did not like being photographed when pregnant, saying last month: \"I don't think anyone needs to see that, other than my husband. Absolutely not.\" [PAR] David Beckham met the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge when they arrived in Los Angeles on Friday night. On Saturday he scored the winning goal in a game for his team, LA Galaxy.[DOC] [TLE] David and Victoria Beckham name their daughter Harper Seven Harper Seven Beckham | David and Victoria Beckham Name Daughter [PAR] More [PAR] Football star David Beckham and his singer wife Victoria have named their fourth child Harper Seven. [PAR] The baby girl was delivered on Sunday and joins the Beckhams' three sons - Brooklyn, 11, Romeo, 8, and Cruz, 5. [PAR] \"I am so proud and excited to announce the birth of our daughter Harper Seven Beckham,\" the Los Angeles Galaxy football player said on his Facebook page . [PAR] \"She weighed a healthy 7lbs 10oz and arrived at 7.55 this morning, here in LA. Victoria is doing really well and her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u200eThe Green Berets (1968) directed by John Wayne \u2022 Reviews ... \u200eThe Green Berets (1968) directed by John Wayne \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] I should have just watched this for 2 hours. [PAR] Its reputation for being awful stretches before it like a motorway of poo, and justifiably so. I'd heard how this was a shameless propaganda piece many times but I never normally let that sort of thing bother me, so I was just hoping that I would get some decent action scenes out of it. But no. [PAR] The thing about The Green Berets is that it's ridiculously boring bearing in mind what kind of film it is. Considering its anti-Viet Cong stance, I was expecting to be treated to John Wayne and the boys gunning down hundreds of VC and maybe coming out\u2026 [PAR] 1 [PAR] It's been over 4 years since my one and only viewing of John Wayne's commie -bashing propaganda film from 1968. A film so anti-communist that he even got support from the US Military when he asked for their assistance, this was Wayne airing his own views on the conflict in his typical abrasive manner. [PAR] The Green Berets doesn't look quite like your average Vietnam War film.The jungle doesn't look like jungle, and that's because it isn't. This wasn't filmed in South East Asia but in Georgia. Fort Benning to be exact. That's the most obvious problem with the film, alongside a rather slanted view of how things were really progressing for the Yanks over there. There's plenty of action, and\u2026 [PAR] 1 [PAR] We all know about those wonderful anti-war films made about America\u2019s participation in the Vietnam War. Classics such as: Apocalypse Now, Deer Hunter and Platoon. But during the most brutal period of the Vietnam war itself, Hollywood icon John Wayne made \u201dThe Green Berets\u201d a Pro-Vietnam war film that were suppose to boost the moral of the American soldiers and ease the harsh public opinion opposing the war. Although it did great at the box-office, it was heavily panned by critics who thought it was a disgrace and presented a false black-and-white reality about the war, far away from the real grotesque images from television. [PAR] Col. Mike Kirby (John Wayne) ensembles an A-Team of Green Berets, specially handpicked. Together with\u2026 [PAR] I should have just watched this for 2 hours. [PAR] Its reputation for being awful stretches before it like a motorway of poo, and justifiably so. I'd heard how this was a shameless propaganda piece many times but I never normally let that sort of thing bother me, so I was just hoping that I would get some decent action scenes out of it. But no. [PAR] The thing about The Green Berets is that it's ridiculously boring bearing in mind what kind of film it is. Considering its anti-Viet Cong stance, I was expecting to be treated to John Wayne and the boys gunning down hundreds of VC and maybe coming out\u2026 [PAR] Review by Richard Doyle \u2605\u2605 [PAR] This is often knocked for being a propaganda film. It certainly is. It's decidedly on the side of American intervention in Vietnam and makes no bones about it. I don't think that's automatically a bad thing. Many films made on the other side of this issue are propaganda films in exactly the same sense and they aren't criticized for being so. I don't agree with this film's politics, but I don't have to agree with a film's agenda to be entertained by it (see just about every film Chuck"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Woman who took Stone of Destiny back to Scotland dies ... Woman who took Stone of Destiny back to Scotland dies - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Woman who took Stone of Destiny back to Scotland dies [PAR] 8 July 2013 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Kay Matheson and the Stone of Destiny [PAR] A leading figure in a plot to return the Stone of Destiny to Scotland more than 60 years ago has died. [PAR] Kay Matheson was one of a group of four students who took the relic from Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1950. [PAR] The stone was taken back to Scotland from where it had been removed by Edward I in 1296 as a spoil of war. [PAR] Ms Matheson, who drove a car carrying the stone through police road blocks, died in Wester Ross at the age of 84. [PAR] She had been studying domestic science at the University of Glasgow when she joined the plot to take the stone from London. [PAR] The others involved were Ian Hamilton, Gavin Vernon and Alan Stuart. [PAR] During their raid on Westminster Abbey the stone broke into two pieces. [PAR] Police launched a huge manhunt, but driving alone Ms Matheson was able to negotiate road blocks and cross the border into Scotland. [PAR] In the weeks that followed, police arrived at her family's croft in Wester Ross and searched the property. [PAR] Symbolic gesture [PAR] Five months later the students placed the stone, also known as the Stone of Scone, in Arbroath Abbey. [PAR] The authorities had it taken back to Westminster Abbey, but in 1996 it was returned to Scotland as a symbolic gesture and is now kept at Edinburgh Castle. [PAR] Ms Matheson, who later became a teacher and Gaelic scholar, and the others were not prosecuted. [PAR] Image caption Kay Matheson was portrayed by Kate Mara in the 2008 film Stone of Destiny [PAR] Mr Hamilton told The Observer newspaper in 2008 , when a film based on his book about the 1950s incident was released, that the government had feared Scots would take to the streets if the students had ended up in the courts. [PAR] American actress Kate Mara portrayed Ms Matheson in the movie, Stone of Destiny. Charlie Cox, Billy Boyd and Robert Carlyle also starred. [PAR] Another film, An Ceasnachadh, focused on Ms Matheson's interrogation by the authorities. Gaelic singer Kathleen MacInnes played the role of Ms Matheson. [PAR] It also told of her dedication to Gaelic and how she drew inspiration from the works of Victorian Gaelic poet Mairi Mhor nan Oran - Big Mary of the Songs. [PAR] Ms Matheson was living in a care home at Aultbea, near Loch Ewe, when she died. [PAR] Rob Gibson, SNP MSP for Caithness, Sutherland and Ross, paid tribute to her. [PAR] He said: \"Her exploits in retrieving the stone made her one of the immortals in Scottish nationalist history.\" [PAR] Mr Gibson said she had worked hard to revive the use of Gaelic in Wester Ross and was a popular and respected teacher and figure in the local community. [PAR] Lib Dem MP Charles Kennedy described Ms Matheson as an \"inspirational force\". [PAR] He said: \"The redoubtable Kay was a truly remarkable character, one of whom I was truly fond and someone who was tremendously kind towards me. [PAR] \"I was apprehensive in the extreme when I first stood locally in 1983 to find Kay - of Stone of Destiny fame - as my SNP opponent. [PAR] \"In fact we hit it off so well"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bacterial Infection (Metritis) of the Uterus in Dogs | petMD Bacterial Infection (Metritis) of the Uterus in Dogs | petMD [PAR] Bacterial Infection (Metritis) of the Uterus in Dogs [PAR] Metritis in Dogs [PAR] [PAR] Metritis is inflammation of the endometrium (lining) of the uterus due to a bacterial infection, usually occurring within a week after a dog has given birth. It can also develop after a natural or medical abortion, miscarriage, or after a non-sterile artificial insemination. The bacteria that are most often responsible for infection of the uterus are gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, which often spreads into the blood, causing a blood infection. The infection may lead to sterility, and if left untreated, septic shock, a lethal condition, may follow. [PAR] [PAR] Symptoms and Types [PAR] [PAR] Discharge from the vulva that smells bad; discharge with pus, or pus mixed with blood; discharge that is dark green [PAR] Swollen, dough-like abdomen [PAR] Dehydration (the skin stays tented for a few seconds when pinched) [PAR] Dark red gums [PAR] Increased heart rate if the bacterial infection has become systemic [PAR] [PAR] Prolonged delivery, perhaps with a large litter [PAR] Obstetric manipulation [PAR] Natural or medical abortion, miscarriage [PAR] Natural or artificial insemination (rare) [PAR] [PAR] Diagnosis [PAR] [PAR] Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam, including a chemical blood profile, a complete blood count, an electrolyte panel, and a urinalysis. These tests will help your veterinarian to determine whether the bacterial infection has spread to the bloodstream, where the infection might have originated, and how dehydrated your dog is. You will need to give a thorough history of your dog's health, onset of symptoms, and possible incidents that might have precipitated this condition. [PAR] [PAR] Diagnostic tools, like radiograph and ultrasound imaging, will allow your veterinarian to visually examine the interior of the uterus for any retained fetuses, excess fluid accumulation, and/or abnormal amounts of abdominal fluid production due to uterine rupture. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] A sample of the vaginal discharge will also be taken for cytologic (microscopic) examination. A culture of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that lives with oxygen, or without oxygen, respectively) will be used for identifying the bacterial populations present in the blood, and a sensitivity of the isolated bacteria will be performed so that the most appropriate antibiotic treatments can be prescribed. [PAR] [PAR] Treatment [PAR] [PAR] Your dog will need to be hospitalized for fluid therapy, and to correct and stabilize any electrolyte imbalances. If the infection has reached sepsis, your dog will also be treated for shock. Your dog will also need to be placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics until the bacterial culture and sensitivity results return from the lab; then, depending on the results of the tests, your veterinarian will switch your dog to the antibiotic best suited for eliminating the bacteria that are causing the infection. [PAR] [PAR] If the metritis is not in an advanced stage, your dog will most likely respond to medical treatment. However, medical treatment does not always prevent the infection from progressing to a generalized abdominal infection and ruptured uterus. If future breeding is not planned, having your dog spayed is the treatment of choice. This solution is especially appropriate when retained fetuses or placentas are present within the uterus, when the uterus has ruptured, or when the uterus is severely infected. Patients suffering from a long-term infection that is not responding to medical treatment may improve after a surgical cleansing of the uterus."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Poor Richard's Almanack - American Literature Resource Poor Richard's Almanack [PAR] Note: All prices in US Dollars [PAR] No records found [PAR] Poor Richard\u2019s Almanack by Benjamin Franklin [PAR] Book Page [PAR] Summary [PAR] From the Book Flap [PAR] For over twenty five years, Benjamin Franklin shared his wisdom and humor with a ravenous readership with his yearly editions of Poor Richard\u2019s Almanack. He offered predictions on the weather, astronomy, poetry, and much more. Today his work as Poor Richard is best remembered for his timeless, thought-provoking aphorisms and proverbs that are as valuable today, in business and in life, as they were over two centuries ago. With more than 900 pithy sayings, Franklin lays out rules by which everyone should live and offers advice on subjects such as money, friendship, marriage, ethics, and human nature. They range from the famous \u201cA penny saved is a penny earned\u201d to the lesser known but equally practical \u201cWhen the wine enters, out goes the truth.\u201d Modern economist Paul Volcker\u2019s new introduction offers a fascinating perspective on Franklin\u2019s beloved work. [PAR] Reviews [PAR] Click here for a \" critical notice \" of the first reprint of Poor Richard's Almanac from the January 1850 issue of The American Whig Review. [PAR] \"If you want the brutal truth, I did not expect to get much useful information out of Poor Richard's Almanack. I wondered, what could Benjamin Franklin\u2014a guy who has been, no offense, dead for more than two hundred years\u2014possibly have to say that would be relevant to a resident of today's dot-com world? Plenty, as it turns out.\" \u2014from the Introduction by Dave Barry--This text refers to the Paperback edition [PAR] Courteous Reader: 'It is hardly necessary to state, that Franklin did not originate all the sayings of Poor Richard. He himself tells us, that they were the 'Wisdom of many ages and nations'. Any one, familiar with Bacon, Rochefoucauld, and Rabelais, as well as Others, will recognize old friends in some of these sayings, while a study of the Collection of Proverbs, made in the early part of the eighteenth century, by Ray and Palmer, will reveal the probable source from which Poor Richard pilfer'd. Yet, with but few exceptions, these maxims and aphorisms had been filter'd through Franklin's brain, and were ting'd with that mother wit, which so strongly and individually marks so much that he said and wrote. --from the introduction by Paul Leicester Ford [PAR] 5 out of 5 stars Entertaining, Enlightening, and Educational, August 22, 2001 [PAR] By A Customer [PAR] A wonderful book of sayings that espouse Ben Franklin's views on life. In general, he was an advocate of honesty, hard work, moderation in all indulgences, and being a good person. While these may sound like simple principles, the wittiness and cleverness with which they are presented make them memorable and therefore useful. [PAR] Buy two copies of this book -- one for yourself and one for your child when they reach their teenage years. You'll both be better off. My copy is marked up so I can easily find my favorite sayings, and I find myself flipping through it often. [PAR] 5 out of 5 stars Choice Morsels Of Wisdom, January 28, 2006 [PAR] By Jon Linden (Warren, N.J. United States) (TOP 1000 REVIEWER) (REAL NAME) [PAR] Franklin's timeless compilation of whit and wisdom is truly a classic. The book contains some of the most interesting and impressive collection of comments that Franklin was able to put in this compendium. While many are ascribed to Franklin, he specifically does not take credit for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scarborough Review Issue 24 by Your Local Link Ltd - issuu Scarborough Review Issue 24 by Your Local Link Ltd - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] August 2015 Issue 24 Telephone: 01723 355 797 [PAR] Covering Filey and Hunmanby [PAR] cars Cosmetic Auto Repair Services [PAR] Scarborough boy back on track after su\ufb00ering from rare genetic disorder [PAR] Oliver Parnaby gets set to start the train at North Bay Railway [PAR] Words & picture by Pete Spence pete@thescarboroughreview.co.uk [PAR] A SCARBOROUGH youngster who suffers from a rare genetic disorder is on track for a bright future thanks to friends and family and North Bay Railway. Oliver Parnaby, five years old, from the Seamer Road area of town was diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis type 1 when he was just 18 months old. But after mum Danni Parnaby contacted Scarborough Review Editor Pete Spence to highlight his condition, Pete helped Oliver and family have a smile on their faces with a special train trip thanks [PAR] to North Bay Railway. Danni said: \u201cOliver and the family have been through a lot so it was a lovely thing to do and we are very thankful. The railway gave us a special pass for the season so we can go whenever we want. Oliver absolutely loves trains.\u201d Oliver was born in June 2010 with a straightforward water birth but when he was around six months old parents Danni and Chris noticed spots which were increasing in number so he was taken to the doctors. Danni said: \u201cWe were referred to a genetic consultant in Leeds and that was when we discovered what was wrong after tests were carried out. It is a condition where most people who have it can live with few problems, but Oliver developed autistic tendencies too and has had problems with his spine which need operating on. \u201cOn June 21 this year we set off to Leeds General Infirmary ready for his operation and nothing could have prepared us for that day. \u201cThankfully everything went to plan. Oliver spent four days on the HDU, and then two days on the children\u2019s ward following his surgery, before being sent home in a back brace. He has a followup appointment with his surgeon on July 31 but everything seems to be going well and Oliver is coping and recovering fantastically.\u201d For more on Oliver\u2019s special train trip and his condition see page 6. [PAR] INSIDE THIS MONTH\u2026 [PAR] SCARBOROUGH florist at huge celebrity wedding! SEE pAgE 25 For more. [PAR] Out & About [PAR] Great things to do and great places to eat in and around Scarborough. SEE pAgE 39 [PAR] WANTED MO TOR CYC LES Any condition [PAR] Anything considered | New or Old [PAR] Will view & collect 7 days a week [PAR] Call Les at [PAR] 2015 ACTS ANNOUNCED SEE PAGE 41 [PAR] STEVE HENSHAW INTERNATIONAL GOLD CUP SAT 12 th - SUN 13 th SEPTEMBER 2015 RACING [PAR] See main advert inside for more details [PAR] TEL: 01723 373000 9.30 - 4.30 MONDAY - FRIDAY [PAR] OR VISIT www.oliversmountracing.com or www.auto66.com FOR MORE INFORMATION [PAR] 2 - Scarborough Review, August - Issue 24 [PAR] EDITOR PETE SPENCE [PAR] Get in touch... Scarborough Review can be contacted by: Pete Spence (mobile) 07815 290457, email: pete@thescarboroughreview.co.uk General office number: 01723 355797. Advertising: 01904 767881. Postal address: 9 Wykeham Street, Scarborough, YO12 7SA [PAR] RePORTeR & PhOTOGRAPheR DAVe BARRY Contact: 01723 353597 dave@thescarboroughreview.co.uk [PAR] ADVeRTISING CASSIe JeFFeRSON Contact: 07990 554837 cassie@yourlocallink.co.uk [PAR] Frazer never expected surprise birthday guest! [PAR] Copy deadlines - September: Editorial: 17th August Advertising: 19th August [PAR] APPReNTICe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes : The Hobbit : Themes, Motifs & Symbols SparkNotes: The Hobbit: Themes, Motifs & Symbols [PAR] Themes, Motifs & Symbols [PAR] Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. [PAR] Bilbo\u2019s Heroism [PAR] The Hobbit\u2019s main theme is Bilbo\u2019s development into a hero, which more broadly represents the development of a common person into a hero. At the beginning of the story, Bilbo is timid, comfortable, and complacent in his secure little hole at Bag End. When Gandalf talks him into embarking on the quest with Thorin\u2019s dwarves, Bilbo becomes so frightened that he faints. But as the novel progresses, Bilbo prevails in the face of danger and adversity, justifying Gandalf\u2019s early claim that there is more to the little hobbit than meets the eye. [PAR] Bilbo possesses hidden reserves of inner strength that even Bilbo himself cannot perceive when he firsts sets out on the quest. Confronting the trolls, escaping with Gollum\u2019s ring, slaying the spider, rescuing the dwarves in Mirkwood, and speaking face-to-face with the great dragon Smaug all provide Bilbo with opportunities to test his resolve. As he builds confidence and resourcefulness, Bilbo emerges as a true hero. [PAR] Because Tolkien acknowledged that the idea of hobbits was rooted in his experiences with rural Englishmen of his own time, Bilbo\u2019s development might allegorically represent the heroism of England in World War I or the inner, latent heroism common to everyone. But given Tolkien\u2019s stated distaste for allegory\u2014his main motivation for writing was storytelling, not the exploration of a literary theme\u2014it is questionable whether Bilbo\u2019s story should be taken to refer to anyone except Bilbo himself. [PAR] Race, Lineage, and Character [PAR] The differences among Tolkien\u2019s imaginary races are a major focus of the novel, particularly in its second half. Elves, dwarves, trolls, and goblins differ from one another physically, psychologically, and morally. These inherent racial differences drastically limit the possibility of individual choice but make moral distinctions easy to maintain. All goblins are evil, for example, and all elves are good. The notion of races having different moral qualities is reflected in the novel\u2019s idea of nature. The good races are portrayed as being in harmony with nature, while the evil races are depicted as being at odds with it\u2014hence the eagles\u2019 decision to help the elves against the goblins. Some critics have suggested that the different races in The Hobbit were meant to represent different European nationalities, but Tolkien\u2019s distaste for allegory makes this seem highly unlikely. [PAR] Family lineage is another important factor that shapes identity in The Hobbit. Throughout Middle-Earth, one\u2019s prospects, character, and social position are linked closely to family heritage. Bilbo\u2019s conflicting feelings of fear and courage, for instance, are portrayed as a struggle between his Baggins side and his Took side, referring respectively to his father\u2019s and his mother\u2019s families. Thorin is prompted to seek the treasure under the mountain because it is his birthright, passed down from his grandfather, Thror. Bard\u2019s heroism is in part attributed to his having descended from the lords of Dale. Whereas race is primarily a determinant of one\u2019s moral standing, family has more to do with one\u2019s specific personality: Bilbo is good because he is a hobbit, but he is adventurous because he is a Took. [PAR] Motifs [PAR] Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, and literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text\u2019s major themes. [PAR] Contrasting Worldviews [PAR] Tolkien was a scholar of ancient languages at Oxford. A major source of inspiration for The Hobbit\u2019s plot was the body of ancient epic literature"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - World Wars: Pearl Harbor: A Rude Awakening BBC - History - World Wars: Pearl Harbor: A Rude Awakening [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Introduction [PAR] It all happened so quickly. At 7.55am on Sunday 7 December 1941, the first of two waves of Japanese aircraft began their deadly attack on the US Pacific Fleet, moored at Pearl Harbor on the Pacific island of Oahu. Within two hours, five battleships had been sunk, another 16 damaged, and 188 aircraft destroyed. Only chance saved three US aircraft carriers, usually stationed at Pearl Harbor but assigned elsewhere on the day. The attacks killed under 100 Japanese but over 2,400 Americans, with another 1,178 injured. [PAR] ... the attacks had been slowly brewing for years. [PAR] Although swift in execution, the attacks had been slowly brewing for years. The US had once looked upon Japanese ambitions with a level of sympathy, even indulgence. Hit hard by the Great Depression of the early 1930s, however, Japanese disillusion with party government grew and moderates gave way to militants. In 1931 Japan occupied Manchuria in northern China. Over the decade conflict intensified and in July 1937 war was declared. As Japanese aggression increased, its relations with the US deteriorated. [PAR] Occupied Manchuria was rapidly exploited with the establishment of heavy and light industries. This was a practical necessity for Japan. Lacking in natural resources itself, the search for alternative supplies underpinned foreign and military policy throughout the decade and led to the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War. [PAR] On top of practical economic considerations, early military success and an inherent sense of racial superiority led Japan to believe that it deserved to dominate Asian politics. As with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, this combination bred an aggressive and neo-colonial foreign policy, the 'Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere'. Higher birth-rates and economic considerations required more land; the gene-pool justified it. [PAR] Top [PAR] Relations with the US [PAR] A briefing of Japanese pilots before the attack \u00a9 The policy increased in urgency as relations with the US sank further. Historically, Japan had relied on America to supply many natural and industrial resources. Increasingly alarmed by Japanese aggression, however, America allowed a commercial treaty dating from 1911 to lapse in January 1940. In July it followed up by embargoing scrap iron and aviation fuel. Things got worse in September when Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. It was now a formal member of the Axis alliance fighting the European War. [PAR] ... Japan knew that a full-scale invasion of South-east Asia would prompt war with America. [PAR] This posed real problems. Although officially neutral, there was no doubt where American sympathies lay. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had already strained the sinews of neutrality by supplying Britain with money and arms under the 'lend-lease' agreement. The Tripartite Pact meant that supplies to Japan would indirectly be helping Italy and Germany; further embargoes followed. [PAR] For Japan, embroiled in a long war with China, these were disastrous. Considering its very survival under threat, Japan intensified the search for a permanent alternative. The most obvious target was South-east Asia, rich in minerals and oil. German success in Europe in 1940 had orphaned French and Dutch colonies in the region and they became the focus of Japanese attention. [PAR] While occupying French Indochina in July 1941, Japan knew that a full-scale invasion of South-east Asia would prompt war with America. It needed a mechanism to buy itself sufficient time and space to conquer successfully crucial targets like the Philippines, Burma and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston - New World ... Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston - New World Encyclopedia [PAR] Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston [PAR] June 12 1859 \u2013 October 18 1865 [PAR] Preceded by [PAR] February 6, 1855 \u2013 February 19, 1858 [PAR] Preceded by [PAR] 18 October 1865 (aged 80) [PAR] Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire [PAR] Alma mater [PAR] St John's College, Cambridge [PAR] Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC (October 20, 1784 \u2013 October 18, 1865) was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister in the mid-nineteenth century. He was in government office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865, beginning his parliamentary career as a Tory and concluding it as a Liberal. He was Secretary for War 1809 to 1828. He is best remembered for his direction of British foreign policy through a period when the United Kingdom was at the height of its power, serving terms as both Foreign Secretary (1830-1834, 1835-1841, and 1846-1851) and Prime Minister (1855-1858, 1859-1865). Palmerston helped to re-shape the European map; he convened the conferences that recognized Greek and also Belgian independence, the latter treaty taking Britain into World War I in defense of Belgium's neutrality. Palmerston's legacy, then, also impacted a major twentieth century event. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 14 Credits [PAR] Some of his aggressive actions, now termed liberal interventionist, were greatly controversial at the time, and remain so today. On the other hand, he advocated that moral responsibility to do what is right and to defend justice had a vital role in international relations. He argued that Britain's governance of her colonies was for the benefit of the governed, not of British industry. Commercial interests and national self-interest, in practice, continued to play dominant roles yet the idea that nations might act in the interest of others' even if this does not advance their own interests suggests that humanity might one day build a fairer, better world order. Ultimately, the world cannot become a place of peace and prosperity, health and wholeness for all if nations only ever act in self-interest. Only a world where nations cooperate to ensure that all people are fed, housed, educated and enjoy their right, that the planet itself is protected from exploitation and ecological . [PAR] Early life and career [PAR] Henry John Temple was born in his family's London house to the Irish branch of the Temple family on October 20, 1784. [PAR] Educated at Harrow School, Edinburgh University, and St John's College, Cambridge, he succeeded his father to the title of Viscount Palmerston on April 17, 1802, before he had turned 18. Over the next 6 years he was defeated in two elections for the University of Cambridge constituency, but entered parliament as Tory MP for the pocket borough of Newport on the Isle of Wight in June 1807. Thanks to the patronage of Lord Chichester and Lord Malmesbury, he was given the post of Junior Lord of the Admiralty in the ministry of the Duke of Portland. A few months later, he delivered his first speech in the House of Commons in defense of the expedition to Copenhagen , which he justified by reference to the ambitions of Napoleon to take control of the Danish court. [PAR] Secretary at War [PAR] Lord Palmerston's speech was so successful that Perceval, who formed his government in 1809, asked him to become Chancellor of the Exchequer, then a less important office than it was to become from the mid nineteenth century. Lord Palmerston preferred the office of Secretary at War, charged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Packaged (past tense): the HAX plastic lemon pack | BEACH Packaged (past tense): the HAX plastic lemon pack | BEACH [PAR] July 23, 2015 [PAR] Packaged (past tense): the HAX plastic lemon pack [PAR] 2-color ad for HAX \u201cjust squeeze\u201d plastic lemon juice packs, from The Chemist and Druggist, June 25, 1955 [PAR] There are at least three different people credited for having invented and/or designed the plastic lemon pack \u2014 a lemon-shaped squeeze bottle for lemon juice. [PAR] The one that I\u2019d like to focus on today is Edward Hack. Edward Hack\u2019s nearly forgotten brand name, \u201cHAX\u201d was a homonym for his own name. HAX was Hack\u2019s company. [PAR] The idea of placing real lemon juice inside yellow lemon-shaped plastic containers was developed in the 1950s by Edward Hack. The actual lemon was designed and produced by Cascelloid Ltd, who maintained that Hack presented them with their perfect model after much searching. They claimed he examined the entire stock of Harrods, Fortnum and Mason\u2019s and Selfridges, as well as three cases of some three hundred lemons each at Covent Garden! It is alleged that the perfect lemon was eventually found at Covent Garden. [PAR] from Unilever\u2019s Facebook Page [PAR] The task of actually creating the blow-molded plastic version of Hack\u2019s supposedly \u201cperfect lemon\u201d seems to have fallen to Bill Pugh, Chief Plastics Designer at Cascelloid. [PAR] The squeeze lemon, marketed now as Jif, began life as a wooden core carved by Pugh, then covered painstakingly with fresh lemon peel. He cast it into a plaster mould, experimenting until he had it just right. He was patient and a perfectionist. [PAR] Once perfected, the lemon-shaped HAX pack began getting some attention in the press\u2026 [PAR] THE ANSWER\u2019S A LEMON [PAR] The neat \u201cHax\u201d lemon juice pack has won approbation all round. Two fluid ounces of lemon juice are contained in a polythene squeeze type container which is an exactly replica in texture, shape and colouring of an actual lemon. A plastics closure holds two labels, shaped and coloured like lemon leaves, in position and to dispense the juice, the housewife gently squeezes the \u201clemon,\u201d when the liquid flows drop by drop into the tumbler or cup. [PAR] Bottling: A Quarterly Supplement to the Brewing Trade Review, 1954 [PAR] The Princess Royal receives a Hax \u201clemon\u201d \u2014from The Chemist and Druggist, June 25, 1955 [PAR] More about the HAX lemon, and its competitors, after the fold\u2026 [PAR] Shortly after the end of the Second World War such juice began to be sold in Italy in convenient plastic squeeze packs coloured and shaped like lemons and in 1955 a company called Edward Hack Ltd. began to market juice in similar packs in the United Kingdom. Shortly thereafter another company, Coldcrops Ltd., entered the market with lemon juice sold in similar containers. Litigation ensued, Edward Hack Ltd. claiming that Coldcrops Ltd. were passing off lemon juice as and for their produce. That action never came to trial because both businesses were acquired by the respondents who thereafter marketed juice in plastic lemon containers of the Hack design under the brand name \u201cJif.\u201d [PAR] \u2013Lord Oliver of Aylmerton, from UK House of Lords 1990 decision on: Reckitt and Colman Products Ltd v Borden Inc & Others [PAR] I wasn\u2019t able to find any images of the earlier Italian lemon-shaped packs mentioned above, but the importance in the UK of Edward Hack\u2019s \u201cHAX\u201d lemon is clear enough. Judging from its 1954 mention in Bottling Magazine, however, it must have been launched one year earlier than indicated above. [PAR] The court\u2019s decision states unequivocally"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord Byron Biography - life, family, death, wife, school ... Lord Byron Biography - life, family, death, wife, school, mother, son, book [PAR] Lord Byron Biography [PAR] Missolonghi, Greece [PAR] English poet [PAR] The English poet Lord Byron was one of the most important figures of the Romantic Movement (1785\u20131830; a period when English literature was full of virtuous heroes and themes of love and triumph). Because of his works, active life, and physical beauty he came to be considered the perfect image of the romantic poet-hero. [PAR] His beginnings [PAR] George Gordon Noel Byron, sixth Baron Byron, was born on January 22, 1788, into a family of fast-decaying nobility. Captain \"Mad Jack\" Byron was a \"gold digger,\" marrying Catherine Gordon chiefly for her annual income. After spending most of her money and fathering George, he died in 1791. George was left with an unbalanced mother, the contempt of his aristocratic relatives for the poor widow and her son, and a birth defect necessitating that he walk on the balls and toes of his feet for the rest of his life. All this worked together to hurt the boy's pride and sensitivity. This created in him a need for self-assertion, which he soon sought to gratify in three main directions: love, poetry, and action. [PAR] Despite the awkward way he walked and the numerous \"remedies\" that Byron suffered through, his boyhood was full of play and mischief. His favorite activities were riding and swimming, both sports where he was physically able. But he willingly played cricket, appointing a schoolmate to run for him. At eight years old he fell hopelessly in love with a cousin. At sixteen when he heard of her engagement he reportedly was physically ill. Though said by most of his peers and teachers to have been a genius, Byron was halfhearted in his schoolwork. But he read constantly. He had a strong appetite for information and a remarkable memory. Nevertheless his biography reports Byron as having been the ringleader of numerous school revolts. He spoke of his school friends as \"passions.\" [PAR] On the death of his granduncle in 1798, Byron inherited the title and estate. After four years at Harrow (1801\u20131805), he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he became conscious for the first time of the difference between the high goals of idealism (romanticism) and the less important realities of experience. His quest for some genuine passion [PAR] Lord Byron. [PAR] among the frail women of his world accounts for the crowded catalog of his love affairs. [PAR] Early works [PAR] In 1807 Byron published his first book of poetry, Hours of Idleness. In the preface he apologized, \"for obtruding [forcing] myself on the world, when, without doubt, I might be at my age, more usefully employed.\" The book was harshly criticized by the Edinburgh Review. Byron counterattacked in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers (1809), the first manifestation (sign) of a gift for satire (making fun of human weaknesses) and a sarcastic wit (making fun of someone or something in a harsh way by saying the opposite of what is meant), which singled him out among the major English romantics, and which he may have owed to his aristocratic outlook and his classical education. [PAR] In 1809 a two-year trip to the Mediterranean countries provided material for the first two cantos (the main divisions of long poems) of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. Their publication in 1812 earned Byron instant glory. They combined the more popular features of the late-eighteenth-century romanticism: colorful descriptions of exotic nature, disillusioned meditations on the vanity of earthly things,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Norwegian Lutefisk Recipe - Food.com Norwegian Lutefisk Recipe - Food.com [PAR] salt water , mixed 1/4 cup salt per quart of water [PAR] Directions [PAR] Place the lutefisk in a kettle, and add enough cold salt water to completely cover them(some people like to place the lutefisk in cheesecloth and tie the ends itno a bag, before placing in the kettle.). [PAR] Bring gradually to a boil. (Caution: It will be done when brought to a full boil, and if boiled too long the fish will fall into pieces.). [PAR] Remove from the burner, skim off any foam that appears and the let the lutefisk stand for 5-10 minutes. [PAR] Drain well, and serve steaming hot on warmed plates. [PAR] Would you like to attach a photo to your submission? [PAR] Browse [PAR] The image has been attached to your submission. [PAR] Close [PAR] Your reply has been submitted for moderation. [PAR] Close [PAR] Are you sure you want to report this post for review? [PAR] Yes, report it. [PAR] You must be logged in to interact with the activity feed. [PAR] Log in now[DOC] [TLE] What is Lutefisk ? (with pictures ) - wiseGEEK What is Lutefisk? (with pictures) [PAR] What is Lutefisk? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 13 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] You won't believe these 10 facts about people [PAR] Lutefisk is a Scandinavian dish which is made from dried stockfish, also called whitefish . Most commonly, the fish of choice is cod, although other white fleshed fish can be used as well. The fish is rehydrated before being soaked in lye and then soaked in fresh water. Finally, lutefisk is cooked and served with an assortment of side dishes. This particular fish delicacy is a topic of intense discussion and debate in some parts of the world; it has a unique texture and scent which can be quite intense for first-timers. [PAR] Making lutefisk is a complex process. The cook starts with a good quality dried fish , typically not salted. The fish is soaked in several changes of fresh cold water for around a week. Next, the fish is soaked in caustic soda for around two days; at the end of the lye soaking process, the fish will be puffed up and very fragile. Several fresh changes of cold water over a course of two to three days are used to leach the lye out, and then the fish is carefully steamed or broiled. [PAR] Ad [PAR] While lutefisk tends to be associated specifically with Norway, it is also eaten in Sweden and Finland. The dish is immensely popular in some regions of the Midwestern United States, thanks to the large population of Scandinavian descent, and it is often served at Scandinavian heritage festivals in these regions. In Scandinavia itself, lutefisk is eaten in the winter, typically between November and December as a holiday dish. [PAR] Writings from the medieval era suggest that lutefisk has been consumed since at least the 1300s, and possibly earlier. The concept of soaking dried cod and other whitefish in water and then cooking them is not unique, but the addition of lye certainly is. The lye depletes the protein in the fish, creating a very distinctive jelly-like texture. When lutefisk is perfectly cooked, it is partially transparent, and it can have a very pungent odor. It is traditionally served with a side of boiled potatoes, and sometimes mashed peas and other vegetables are used as well. [PAR] The fish itself has a very mild flavor, causing many people to serve it with mustard, pepper, bitter greens,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Sopot International Song Festival ... Learn and talk about Sopot International Song Festival, 1961 establishments in Poland, Annual events in Poland, Music competitions in Poland, Music festivals in Poland [PAR] Official website [PAR] The Sopot International Song Festival (later called Sopot Music Festival Grand Prix, Sopot Top of the Top Festival from 2012\u201313 and Polsat Sopot Festival in 2014) is an annual international song contest held in Sopot , Poland . [1] It was the biggest Polish music festival altogether with the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole , and one of the biggest song contests in Europe. [PAR] The contest was organised and transmitted live by the Polish state television broadcaster, Telewizja Polska (TVP) between 1994 and 2004. The following year, the concert was broadcast by the private media station TVN for the first time and remained on TVN until 2009. From 2012 to 2014, the concert was broadcast and organised by Polsat . It was later cancelled by the broadcaster. [2] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Forest Opera in Sopot [PAR] Stage for the Sopot Top Of The Top Festival 2013 [PAR] The first Sopot festival was initiated and organised in 1961 by W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman , assisted by Szymon Zakrzewski from Polish Artists Management (PAGART). [3] The first three editions were held in the Gdansk Shipyard hall (1961\u20131963), after which the festival moved to the Forest Opera . The main prize has been Amber Nightingale through most of its history. [PAR] Between 1977 and 1980 it was replaced by the Intervision Song Contest , which was still held in Sopot. Unlike the Eurovision Song Contest , the Sopot International Music Festival often changed its formulas to pick a winner and offered many different contests for its participants. For example, at the 4th Intervision Song Festival (held in Sopot August 20\u201323, 1980) two competitions were effective: one for artists representing television companies, the other for those representing record companies. In the first the jury considered the artistic merits of the songs entered; while in the second, it judged the performers' interpretation.\" [4] [PAR] The festival has always been open to non-European acts, and countries like Cuba , Dominican Republic , Mongolia , New Zealand , Nigeria , Peru , South Africa and many others have been represented in this event. [PAR] The contest lost popularity in Poland and abroad in the 1980s, declining further during the 1990s, and the rather unconvincing organisations by TVP made the authorities of Sopot give the organization of the 2005 Sopot International Song Festival to a private TV channel, TVN . [PAR] Since 1999, there was no contest. TVP chose to invite well-known artists instead, featuring the likes of Whitney Houston , Tina Turner , The Corrs , Lionel Richie , UB40 , Ricky Martin and Simply Red to perform. In 2005, TVN brought the international competition back, taking over from TVP, and in 2006 invited Elton John and Katie Melua . The Sopot International Song Festival is usually considered bigger than the Benidorm International Song Festival because of its ability to attract star performers. [PAR] In 2010 and 2011, the festival did not take place due to renovation of the Forest Opera . Since 2012, it is called Sopot Top Of The Top Festival and is broadcast annually by Polsat . In 2014, the name was changed to Polsat Sopot Festival. [PAR] The festival also provided opportunity to listen to international stars. In the past, it featured Charles Aznavour , Boney M , Johnny Cash , and more recently: Chuck Berry , Vanessa Mae , Annie Lennox ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carry on in the Legion Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Carry On... Follow That Camel Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 10 out of 11 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Still worth a chuckle [PAR] from England [PAR] 1 April 2006 [PAR] I think this was one of the funniest carry on films,it would have to be some where in the top 10.The story is based on Beau Geste,with quite a few changes.Phil Silvers seems relaxed in his role,almost as if he has starred in other carry on films,he was probably the replacement for Sid James.Although Phil Silvers fits the role perfectly,in his usual SGT Bilko style.Anita Harris only starred in two carry on films,and you wonder why she wasn't asked to do more,as she was popular with the male audiences.All the characters are very good,and the best use has been made of their talents.Kenneth Williams playing the German called Burger,Charles Hawtrey playing the Frenchman Le piece.Bernard Bresslaw gives his best carry on performance as the Arab leader.I think one of the funniest parts of this film is when the Legionaires are having a sandcastle competition,and it breaks into a fight,and the Arabs are looking on thinking their all stupid.In all still a funny film,with a good cast who sadly most are not with us anymore. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 8 out of 8 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Lacks really sharp material but the domineering force that is Phil Silvers makes it worth seeing [PAR] from United Kingdom [PAR] 23 August 2004 [PAR] Falsely accused of foul play during a cricket match, Bo West decides the only way to find his honour again is to join the foreign legion and, with his butler, sets off to join up. On their way they meet Sgt Nocker \u0096 sleeping in a bordello just a few hours before he pretends to have been on a dangerous mission. Using this information, West and Simpson get an easy ride \u0096 however everything changes when all three of them are captured by Sheikh Abdul Abulbul. Things become more urgent when Bo discovers that his lover, Jane Ponsonby has traveled to the region to find him and has herself been captured by Abulbul. [PAR] Quite rightly, this film is on this database without its 'carry on' rider, as this was not an official Carry On film but rather one that bore enough similarity to the series to allow it to be shanghaied into the group. While it doesn't stand out as being the best of the series it is still pretty enjoyable. The plot spoofs Beau Guest very loosely and it delivers the usual smutty puns and Carry On style laughs even if the material is not as sharp as it should have been. The main reason I liked the film as much as I did was down to one main factor \u0096 Phil Silvers. [PAR] Silvers dominates the film and he gets the majority of the laughs with what is essentially a foreign legion version of his own Bilko. If anything his presence unbalances the film as the rest of the cast, talented as they are, are all in his shadow. Dale is amusing in his usual stuttering role as the slightly daffy English ponce and he is ably supported by Butterworth in a small role. Williams plays his role very well, while Hawtrey does his usual effeminate performance to good effect. Douglas is OK but Sims has far to little to do. Bresslaw, as always, has the 'ethnic' role and he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Battle of Balaclava - Crimean War - Charge of the ... The Battle of Balaclava - Crimean War - Charge of the Light Brigade [PAR] The Battle of Balaclava [PAR] The Charge of the Light Brigade, the Charge [PAR] of the Heavy Brigade and the Thin Red Line [PAR] War: Crimean War [PAR] Place: On the southern Crimean coast in the Ukraine. [PAR] Combatants: British, French and Turkish troops against the Imperial Russian Army. [PAR] Generals: Lieutenant General the Earl of Raglan commanded the British Army, General Saint-Arnaud commanded the French Army. Prince Menshikov commanded the Russian Army. The Russian commander of the Balaclava assault was General Liprandi, Menshikov\u2019s second in command. [PAR] Click here or on image to buy a Print [PAR] Uniforms, arms and equipment: See the main Crimean War site on britishbattles.com. [PAR] Winner: Balaclava is a battle honour for all the British regiments that took part. It is usually a pre-condition for a battle honour that the battle is a victory for British arms. Balaclava was a strategic defeat. The Russians captured seven guns and at the end of the battle held the ground they had attacked. Against this the three episodes in the battle; the Charge of the Heavy Brigade, the Thin Red Line and the Charge of the Light Brigade, are such icons of courage and achievement for the British Army, that it is not surprising the military authorities awarded Balaclava as a battle honour to the regiments involved. [PAR] 1st Royal Dragoons [PAR] 4th Dragoon Guards: now the Royal Dragoon Guards. [PAR] 5th Dragoon Guards: now the Royal Dragoon Guards. [PAR] 1st Royal Dragoons: now the Blues and Royals. [PAR] Royal Scots Greys: now the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. [PAR] 6th Inniskilling Dragoons: now the Royal Dragoon Guards. [PAR] 4th Light Dragoons: now the Queen\u2019s Royal Hussars. [PAR] 8th Hussars: now the Queen\u2019s Royal Hussars. [PAR] 11th Hussars: now the King\u2019s Royal Husars. [PAR] 13th Light Dragoons: now the Light Dragoons. [PAR] 17th Lancers: now the Queen\u2019s Royal Lancers. [PAR] 93rd Highlanders: now the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. [PAR] All these regiments have Balaclava as a battle honour. [PAR] Account: In mid-September 1854 the British and French armies with a small Turkish contingent landed on the Western Crimean coast 30 miles north of Sevastopol with the aim of capturing this important Russian Black Sea naval base. [PAR] An officer of the 93rd Highlanders [PAR] The allied armies marched south along the coast and fought the battle of the Alma on that river, defeating the Russian army and driving it back towards the city. [PAR] Lord Raglan and Marshal St Arnaud, the two commanders in chief, resolved to march around the inland side of Sevastopol and begin siege operations against the city from the South. Once the march had been completed the French established their base at Kamiesh on the south western tip of the Crimea, south of Sevastopol, while the British took Balaclava as their base, 15 miles along the coast to the East. [PAR] The Battle of Balaclava [PAR] (this map appears in the best selling book, The Dangerous Book for Boys [PAR] by Gonn Iggulden and Hal Iggulden, in the section Famous Battles-Part Two) [PAR] [PAR] The Russian commander, Prince Menshikov, marched his army out of Sevastopol to the North East, leaving a garrison to conduct the defence of the city. The allies were thereby left with two tasks; the siege of the city and holding off Menshikov\u2019s army. During October 1854 reinforcements came in to Menshikov\u2019s army from elsewhere in the Crimea and further afield in Russia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beardmore Glacier | glacier, Antarctica | Britannica.com Beardmore Glacier | glacier, Antarctica | Britannica.com [PAR] Beardmore Glacier [PAR] Langj\u00f6kull [PAR] Beardmore Glacier, glacier in central Antarctica , descending about 7,200 ft (2,200 m) from the South Polar Plateau to Ross Ice Shelf , dividing the Transantarctic Mountains of Queen Maud and Queen Alexandra. One of the world\u2019s largest known valley glaciers, it is 125 mi (200 km) long and is 25 mi in width. The British explorers Ernest Henry Shackleton (1908) and Robert Scott (1911) discovered the glacier on their route to the South Pole . Later scientific research found the glacier and the mountains to either side to contain petrified wood and fossils of dinosaurs, mammal-like reptiles, ferns, and coral\u2014evidence of a time when Antarctica possessed a temperate climate. [PAR] Beardmore Glacier, central Antarctica. [PAR] Commander Jim Waldron USNR\u2014Antarctic Photo Library/National Science Foundation [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: May 26, 2010 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Beardmore-Glacier [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myanmar - Union of Myanmar - Country Profile - Burma - Asia Myanmar - Union of Myanmar - Country Profile - Burma - Asia [PAR] ___ Myanmar - Burma [PAR] Destination Myanmar. [PAR] Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia, also known as Burma, its also called the Golden Land. With an area of 676,578 km\u00b2 the country is almost twice the size of Germany or slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Texas . [PAR] Myanmar is bordered in north and northeast by China , in east by Laos and Thailand , in south by the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal and in west by Bangladesh and India . [PAR] With 5,881 m (19,295 ft) Mount Hkakabo Razi in Kachin state on the border tri-point with China and India is the highest elevation in Myanmar and Southeast Asia's highest mountain. Main rivers are the Chindwin and the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) river. [PAR] Myanmar has a population of 51.4 million people (2014 census). Largest city, former capital, and the economic center of Myanmar is Yangon , capital is since 2005 the planned city of Naypyidaw . Spoken languages are Burmese. [PAR] On this pages you will find comprehensive information about Myanmar, or Burma in its diversity, its geography, economy, people, culture, environment, government and history. [PAR] You will have access to newspapers from Myanmar and you will find travel and tourism information. [PAR] [PAR] Landscape near Mrauk U a town in in northern Rakhine State. [PAR] Image \u00a9 nationsonline.org [PAR] Capital City since 6 November 2005: Naypyidaw (Nay Pyi Taw) [PAR] Other Cities: [PAR] Yang\u00f4n (Rangoon, pop. 5 million), Mandalay (pop. 700 000) [PAR] Government: [PAR] Type: nominally civilian government (since 29th March 2011, when Burma's military handed over power). The new political system came into effect after an election in November 2010. [PAR] Constitution: 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988 when latest junta took power). Burma has been under military authority since 1962. [PAR] Geography: [PAR] Location: Southeast Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal. [PAR] Area : 676,578 km\u00b2 (261,228 square miles). [PAR] Terrain: A land of hills and valleys rimmed in the north, east and west by mountain ranges forming a giant horseshoe. Enclosed within the mountaion barriers are the flat lands of Ayeyarwaddy, Chindwin and Sittaung River valleys where most of the country's agricultural land and population are concentrated. [PAR] Climate: Tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April). [PAR] People: [PAR] Nationality: Burmese. [PAR] Population : 51.4 million (2014 census) [PAR] Ethnic groups: according to Myanmar's Ministry of Foreign Affairs there are 8 Major National Ethnic Races in Myanmar, which all comprises different ethnic groups: the Kachin, the Kayah, the Kayin, the Chin , the Mon, the Bamar, the Rakhine, and the Shan. [PAR] according to the CIA World Factbook the ethnic groups are: Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Arakanese 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%. [PAR] Religions: Buddhism (89.2%), Christianity (5.0%), Islam (3.8%), Hinduism (0.5%), Spiritualism (1.2%) and others (0.2%). [PAR] Languages : Burmese; Myanmar is a union of 135 ethnic groups with their own languages and dialects. [PAR] Literacy: 90% (2003 official Government of Burma statistics); estimates of functional literacy are closer to 30% [PAR] Natural resources: Timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, limestone, precious stones like jade, ruby and sapphires, natural gas, hydropower, and some petroleum. [PAR] Agriculture Products: Rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane, hardwood, fish and fish"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Automobile Racing in 1996 | Britannica.com Automobile Racing in 1996 | Britannica.com [PAR] Automobile Racing in 1996 [PAR] Originally published in the Britannica Book of the Year. Presented as archival content. [PAR] Grand Prix Racing [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] Formula One automobile racing gained added interest in 1996 because 1995 world champion Michael Schumacher of Germany transferred from the Benetton-Renault team to Ferrari, whose cars became effective only when the season of 16 races was nearly over. Damon Hill, a British driver who was following the great career of his father, Graham, was the most obvious challenger to Schumacher. Jacques Villeneuve, a French-Canadian on the Williams team, proved another factor in the final outcome, however, almost winning the first round at Melbourne, Australia, before giving way to Hill because of engine problems. [PAR] It became clear from the outset that the World Drivers\u2019 Championship was likely to be a bitter battle between Hill and Schumacher, and indeed it was not settled until the final race in Japan. Hill drove a marvelous race to win the second round, the Brazilian Grand Prix at S\u00e3o Paulo, in almost impossible conditions of torrential rain and near-impossible visibility; Villeneuve slid off the track under the difficult racing conditions. The scene then moved to Argentina, where at Buenos Aires Hill won an exciting race from Villeneuve by 12 seconds, proving again the superiority of the Renault-engined Williams cars, which were as far ahead of the opposition as they had been in 1995. [PAR] The next race was the Grand Prix of Europe at N\u00fcrburgring, Ger., where the promise of the newcomer Villeneuve was demonstrated over a difficult course. He gained his first Formula One victory and proved well able to hold off Schumacher\u2019s Ferrari. At the San Marino Grand Prix, Hill won his fourth race. [PAR] The Monaco Grand Prix, the only true road race, with all its traditional hazards, was a disaster for Hill, whose Williams-Renault was in the lead when the engine blew up. Villeneuve also failed to finish, and the winner was Olivier Panis of France in a Ligier-Mugen-Honda, the first Grand Prix victory for that car since 1981. By this time the Ferraris were beginning to improve, and Schumacher gave a perfect exhibition of car control at great speeds in the rain in the Spanish Grand Prix at Barcelona, for his first victory of the season. [PAR] Connect with Britannica [PAR] Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest [PAR] The racing went next to Montreal for the Canadian Grand Prix. Villeneuve\u2019s supporters were out in force to see the local boy win, but he was unable to match the experience of Hill, who triumphed once again. In the French Grand Prix at Magny-Cours, the Williams-Renaults again proved to be superior as Hill led from start to finish, followed by Villeneuve. At Silverstone, where a vast crowd of hopeful Britishers willed Hill to win, he made one of his hopeless starts and later retired with brake problems. Villeneuve took Hill\u2019s place and thereby ensured victory at least for a British-based car in this British Grand Prix. In the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim, it was looking as if Ferrari might finally triumph, but then the engine of Austrian driver Gerhard Berger failed near the end of the race, and Hill was able to score another win. In the Hungarian Grand Prix at Budapest, Hill made up for a muffed start and almost overtook his teammate, but Villeneuve was the winner by a small margin. [PAR] Next was the tricky Spa circuit in Belgium, where both the Williams-Renaults had unexpected"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pretzel - W\u00f6rterb\u00fccher und Enzyklop\u00e4dien auf der Akademik Pretzel [PAR] Pretzel [PAR] Pretzel (B\u00e4ckerei), so v.w. Bretzel . [PAR] Pierer's Lexicon. 1857\u20131865. [PAR] Pretzsch [PAR] Schlagen Sie auch in anderen W\u00f6rterb\u00fcchern nach: [PAR] Pretzel \u2014 ist der Name folgender Personen: Ernst Pretzel (1887\u20131943), deutscher Politiker (NSDAP) Raimund Pretzel, b\u00fcrgerlicher Name des deutschen Publizisten Sebastian Haffner (1907\u22121999) Ulrich Pretzel (1898\u20131981), deutscher Germanist eine amerikanische\u2026 \u2026 Deutsch Wikipedia [PAR] Pretzel \u2014 Pret zel, n. [G. pretzel, bretzel. Cf. {Bretzel}.] A kind of German biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside. [1913 Webster] \u2026 The Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] pretzel \u2014 (n.) 1856, from Ger. Prezel, also Brezel, from O.H.G. brezitella, from M.L. *brachitellum, presumably a kind of biscuit baked in the shape of folded arms (Cf. It. bracciatella, O.Prov. brassadel), dim. of L. bracchiatus with branches, with arms,\u2026 \u2026 Etymology dictionary [PAR] pretzel \u2014 \u25ba NOUN chiefly N. Amer. \u25aa a crisp biscuit baked in the shape of a knot or stick and flavoured with salt. ORIGIN German \u2026 English terms dictionary [PAR] pretzel \u2014 \u2606 pretzel [pret\u2032s\u0259l ] n. [Ger brezel &LT; OHG brezitella &LT; ML * brachiatellum, dim. of * brachiatum, biscuit baked in form of crossed arms &LT; L brachium, an arm: see BRACE1] a usually hard, brittle biscuit made from a slender roll of dough\u2026 \u2026 English World dictionary [PAR] Pretzel \u2014 A pretzel is a bread pastry of German origin, that has the shape of a three looped knot or twisted braid. Pretzels are either soft or hard. Hard pretzels have evolved into a variety of shapes from knotted loops to straight pretzel sticks (called\u2026 \u2026 Wikipedia [PAR] pretzel \u2014 pret\u00b7zel (pr\u0115t\u2019s\u0259l) n. \u25b8 A soft or brittle glazed biscuit that is usually salted on the outside and baked in the form of a loose knot or stick. \u2542 [German Brezel, from Middle High German br\u0113zel, pr\u0113zel, from Old High German br\u0113zila, brezzitella,\u2026 \u2026 Word Histories [PAR] Pretzel \u2014 Un pretzel duro. Un pretzel suave. Un pretzel \u2026 Wikipedia Espa\u00f1ol [PAR] pretzel \u2014 /pret seuhl/, n. 1. a crisp, dry biscuit, usually in the form of a knot or stick, salted on the outside. 2. a larger version of this, made of soft, chewy bread dough. [1815 25, Amer.; < G Pretzel, var. of Bretzel; OHG brizzila < ML bracellus\u2026 \u2026 Universalium [PAR] pretzel \u2014 UK [\u02c8prets(\u0259)l] / US [\u02c8prets\u0259l] noun [countable] Word forms pretzel : singular pretzel plural pretzels a type of cracker that people often eat between meals or with beer. It is baked in the shape of a stick or a knot and covered with salt \u2026 English dictionary [PAR] 16+"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greatest Comedy Catchphrases - British Comedy Greatest Comedy Catchphrases - British Comedy [PAR] Greatest Comedy Catchphrases - British Comedy [PAR] [Jan. 5th, 2008|12:03 am] [PAR] British Comedy [PAR] Crystal Kay - Can't be stopped [PAR] ] [PAR] 'Greatest Comedy Catchphrases' was on Channel 4 from 9-12pm, and since it's mostly British Comedy Catchphrases I thought I'd post it up here... [PAR] 50: The Royle Family - \"My Arse!\" [PAR] 49: Austan Powers - \"Yeah baby!\" [PAR] 48: Little Britain - \"Yeah I know/ I want that one.\" [PAR] 47: The two Ronnies - \"It's goodnight from me, and it's goodnight from him.\" [PAR] 46: Monty Python - \"A wafer thin mint.\" [PAR] 45: Harry Enfeild - \"Loadsamoney!\" [PAR] 44: Are you being served? - \"I'm free!\" [PAR] 43: Shooting Stars - \"We really want to see those fingers\" [PAR] 42: History today - \"That's you that is\" [PAR] 41: The Fall and Rise - \"I didn't get where I am today...\" [PAR] 40: Catherine Tate - \" How very dare you.\" [PAR] 39: The Dick Emery Show - \"You are awful... but I like you\" [PAR] 38: Dad's Army - \"You stupid boy.\" [PAR] 37: Happy Days - \"Ayyyy!\" [PAR] 36: League of Gentlemen - \"You're my wife now!\" [PAR] 35: Hi-De-Hi! - \"Hi-de-hi!\" [PAR] 34: Father Ted - \"Ah go on!\" [PAR] 33: Laurel and Hardy - \"That's another nice mess you've gotten me into.\" [PAR] 32: The Fast Show - \"Does my bum look big in this?\" [PAR] 31: The Generation Game - \"Shut that door!\" [PAR] 30: The Simpsons - \"Doh!\" [PAR] 29: Kenny Everett - \"It's all done in the best possible taste!\" [PAR] 28: Vic and Reeves big night in - \"You wouldn't let it die!\" [PAR] 27: Steptoe and Son - \"You dirty old man.\" [PAR] 26: Different Strokes - \"Watchoo talkin' about Willis?\" [PAR] 25: Bullseye - \"Super Smashing Great\" [PAR] 24: Porridge - \"Naff off!\" [PAR] 23: Pheonix Nights - \"Garlic Bead!\" [PAR] 22: Knowing me knowing you - \"Aha!\" [PAR] 21: Scousers - \"Calm down\" [PAR] 20: Tommy Cooper - \"Just like that\" [PAR] 19: South Park - \"Oh my God, they killed Kenny!\" [PAR] 18: Some Mothers do have 'em - \"(ooh) Betty!\" [PAR] 17: Blackadder - \"I have a cunning plan\" [PAR] 16: Fawlty Towers - \"Don't mention the war.\" [PAR] 15: Little Britain - \"I'm the only gay in the village\" [PAR] 14: Only fools and horses - \"Lovely Jubbly!\" [PAR] 13: Carry on... - \"Oh Matron!\" [PAR] 12: 'Allo 'Allo - \"I shall say this only once...\" [PAR] 11: Monty Python - \"Nudge Nudge!\" [PAR] 10: The League of Gentlemen - \"This is a local shop\" [PAR] 9: Bo' Selecta - \"Cha'mone Motherfucker!\" [PAR] 8: Little Britain - \"Yeah-but-no!\" [PAR] 7: 11 o'clock show - \"Is it cos I'm black?\" [PAR] 6: Father Ted - \"Drink, Feck, Arse!\" [PAR] 5: Monty Python - \"And now for something completely different.\" [PAR] 4: The Fast Show - \"Suit you sir!\" [PAR] 3: One Foot in the Grave - \"I don't believe it!\" [PAR] 2: Catherine Tate - \"Am I bovverd?\" [PAR] 1: The Generation Game - \"Nice to see you, to see you ... nice!\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ainsley Harriott - Awards Hosts & Presenter - Speakers Corner Ainsley Harriott - Awards Hosts & Presenter - Speakers Corner [PAR] Ainsley Harriott Biography [PAR] Celebrity chef and Ready Steady Cook presenter Ainsley Harriott is quick-witted, charismatic and a consummate professional. [PAR] Although singing and performing was his first love (he co-founded the Calypso Twins in the early 90\u2019s) Ainsley\u2019s cooking career began when he was offered an apprenticeship at an East End restaurant at the age of 16. [PAR] After years of hard work in the kitchen, Ainsley rose to Head Chef position at Lord's Cricket Ground's Long Room. [PAR] He worked as a chef in many restaurants in London including the Dorchester, Brown's, The Hilton, The Westbury, Caf\u00e9 Pelican and Quaglino's. [PAR] Simultaneously his foray into TV and radio began. While at Lords he was asked to present More Nosh, Less Dosh on BBC Radio 5, and he then secured a small role in sci-fi comedy Red Dwarf in 1993, and eventually became resident chef on Good Morning with Anne and Nick. [PAR] Once Ainsley... [PAR] Celebrity chef and Ready Steady Cook presenter Ainsley Harriott is quick-witted, charismatic and a consummate professional. [PAR] Although singing and performing was his first love (he co-founded the Calypso Twins in the early 90\u2019s) Ainsley\u2019s cooking career began when he was offered an apprenticeship at an East End restaurant at the age of 16. [PAR] After years of hard work in the kitchen, Ainsley rose to Head Chef position at Lord's Cricket Ground's Long Room. [PAR] He worked as a chef in many restaurants in London including the Dorchester, Brown's, The Hilton, The Westbury, Caf\u00e9 Pelican and Quaglino's. [PAR] Simultaneously his foray into TV and radio began. While at Lords he was asked to present More Nosh, Less Dosh on BBC Radio 5, and he then secured a small role in sci-fi comedy Red Dwarf in 1993, and eventually became resident chef on Good Morning with Anne and Nick. [PAR] Once Ainsley became the main presenter of Can't Cook, Won't Cook and later Ready, Steady, Cook, he was a household name. [PAR] Ainsley's Barbecue Bible; Ainsley's Meals in Minutes; Ainsley's Big Cook Out and Ainsley's Gourmet Express all followed, and he became one of the most famous TV cooking faces in the country. [PAR] In 2000, Ainsley made his US TV debut with The Ainsley Harriott Show and then Ready.. Set... Cook!, the US version of Ready Steady Cook. [PAR] For further information or to book Ainsley Harriott, call us at Speakers Corner on +44 (0)20 7607 7070 or email info@speakerscorner.co.uk[DOC] [TLE] Strictly Come Dancing - Ainsley Harriott - BBC One BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Ainsley Harriott [PAR] Strictly Come Dancing [PAR] Natalie Lowe [PAR] While his dancing experience may be limited to \u201cdancing around the kitchen with Suzy Salt and Percy Pepper\u201d, Ainsley can\u2019t wait to swap the oven gloves for a pair of dancing shoes, saying: \u201cI\u2019m most looking forward to the discipline and I admire the dedication it takes to be a good dancer.\u201d [PAR] I won\u2019t be cooking any breakfast for Craig! [PAR] Ainsley Harriott [PAR] The 58-year-old celebrity chef has a cupboard stocked full of television credits, including Good Morning with Anne and Nick , Can\u2019t Cook, Won\u2019t Cook , Ainsley\u2019s Barbeque Bible , Ainsley\u2019s Meals in Minutes and, perhaps most famously, Ready Steady Cook . It won\u2019t be long before Ainsley is cooking up a storm on the Strictly dancefloor! [PAR] Ainsley trained at Westminster College of Catering, before becoming an apprentice at Verrey\u2019s restaurant in London\u2019s West End. He then"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] psephology - definition of psephology in English from the ... psephology - definition of psephology in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of psephology in English: [PAR] psephology [PAR] [mass noun] The statistical study of elections and trends in voting. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018As you know, psephology is the formal study of elections, apparently trivial but dripping with deep, dark paradoxes.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Chapter 3, \u2018On New Labour's Ups - and Downs \u2019, is concerned with the impact of psephology (and particularly the 1950s consensus-era electoral analysis of Anthony Downs) on Labour's \u2018catch-up\u2019 strategies.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Richard Dawkins has a touching faith in psephology if he believes that \u2018no plausible swing could even bring us close to a Tory majority\u2019.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018There was another bit of the plan I never quiet understood which involved singing Marie Lloyd songs instead of calling the election while it was still winnable, but I don't pretend to have a firm grasp of psephology.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Tactical voting is a dangerous game, especially when based on dubious psephology.\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] 1950s: from Greek ps\u0113phos pebble, vote (from the ancient Greeks' practice of using pebbles to cast votes) + -logy. [PAR] Pronunciation: [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] I had fewer friends than you [PAR] I had less friends than you [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] I've had fewer ideas lately [PAR] I've had less ideas lately [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Fewer than 6000 tourists visit per year [PAR] Less than 6000 tourists visit per year [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] He served fewer than six years in prison [PAR] He served less than six years in prison [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] A town with fewer than 10 buildings [PAR] A town with less than 10 buildings [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Students could face fewer exams [PAR] Students could face less exams [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Budgets of fewer than $100,000 [PAR] Budgets of less than $100,000 [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Women are having fewer children [PAR] Women are having less children [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Less trade means fewer jobs [PAR] Less trade means less jobs [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The street now has fewer trees [PAR] The street now has less trees [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ligustrum ovalifolium Privet, California privet PFAF Plant ... Ligustrum ovalifolium Privet, California privet PFAF Plant Database [PAR] Physical Characteristics [PAR] [PAR] Ligustrum ovalifolium is an evergreen Shrub growing to 4 m (13ft) by 3 m (9ft) at a medium rate. [PAR] It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. It is in leaf 12-Jan It is in flower in July, and the seeds ripen in October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Insects.Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay and nutritionally poor soils. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure. [PAR] It can tolerate atmospheric pollution. [PAR] Synonyms [PAR] Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade; Shady Edge; not Deep Shade; Hedge; [PAR] Edible Uses [PAR] None known [PAR] Medicinal Uses [PAR] Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. [PAR] None known [PAR] Hedge ; Hedge . [PAR] A very good hedge plant, succeeding in maritime exposure and in many difficult situations. Very amenable to heavy trimming but fairly slow growing, especially when in an exposed position[11, 29]. It can take 9 - 10 years to make a 3 metres tall hedge in exposed positions[75]. The cultivars 'Aureum' and 'Argenteum' are especially recommended[200]. [PAR] Cultivation details [PAR] A very tolerant and easily grown plant, it succeeds in any soil that is not impoverished[11]. Dislikes very alkaline soils[202]. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Succeeds in dark corners or places starved by tree roots[11, 182]. Shade tolerant, established plants also tolerate drought[200]. Plants are hardy to about -15\u00b0c[202]. They can be cut back to the ground in very severe winters but usually resprout from the base[200]. Plants are often deciduous in cold winters, when grown in poor soils, near the coast or in an exposed position. A moderately fast-growing plant[202], though it is also very greedy, robbing the surrounding soil of more nutrients and moisture than most hedging plants[200]. Some named forms have been developed for their ornamental value[182, 200]. This species is notably susceptible to honey fungus[200]. [PAR] Propagation [PAR] The seed does not require any pre-treatment and can be sown in the spring in a cold frame[113]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, 5 - 10cm with a heel, July/August in a frame. Very easy[78]. Cuttings of mature wood, 20 - 30cm in a sheltered outdoor bed in November/December. High percentage[78]. [PAR] Other Names [PAR] Found In [PAR] Weed Potential [PAR] Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it\u2019s worth checking. [PAR] Conservation Status [PAR] IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : [PAR] Related Plants"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No Fear Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet: Characters No Fear Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet: Characters [PAR] No Fear Shakespeare [PAR] Prologue [PAR] Romeo [PAR] The son and heir of Montague and Lady Montague. A young man of about sixteen, Romeo is handsome, intelligent, and sensitive. Though impulsive and immature, his idealism and passion make him an extremely likable character. He lives in the middle of a violent feud between his family and the Capulets, but he is not at all interested in violence. His only interest is love and he goes to extremes to prove the seriousness of his feelings. He secretly marries Juliet, the daughter of his father\u2019s worst enemy; he happily takes abuse from Tybalt; and he would rather die than live without his beloved. Romeo is also an affectionate and devoted friend to his relative Benvolio, Mercutio, and Friar Lawrence. [PAR] Juliet [PAR] The daughter of Capulet and Lady Capulet. A beautiful thirteen-year-old girl, Juliet begins the play as a na\u00efve child who has thought little about love and marriage, but she grows up quickly upon falling in love with Romeo, the son of her family\u2019s great enemy. Because she is a girl in an aristocratic family, she has none of the freedom Romeo has to roam around the city, climb over walls in the middle of the night, or get into swordfights. Nevertheless, she shows amazing courage in trusting her entire life and future to Romeo, even refusing to believe the worst reports about him after he gets involved in a fight with her cousin. Juliet\u2019s closest friend and confidant is her Nurse, though she\u2019s willing to shut the Nurse out of her life the moment the Nurse turns against Romeo. [PAR] Friar Lawrence [PAR] A Franciscan friar, friend to both Romeo and Juliet. Kind, civic-minded, a proponent of moderation, and always ready with a plan, Friar Lawrence secretly marries the impassioned lovers in hopes that the union might eventually bring peace to Verona. As well as being a Catholic holy man, Friar Lawrence is also an expert in the use of seemingly mystical potions and herbs. [PAR] Mercutio [PAR] A kinsman to the Prince, and Romeo\u2019s close friend. One of the most extraordinary characters in all of Shakespeare\u2019s plays, Mercutio overflows with imagination, wit, and, at times, a strange, biting satire and brooding fervor. Mercutio loves wordplay, especially sexual double entendres. He can be quite hotheaded, and hates people who are affected, pretentious, or obsessed with the latest fashions. He finds Romeo\u2019s romanticized ideas about love tiresome, and tries to convince Romeo to view love as a simple matter of sexual appetite. [PAR] The Nurse [PAR] Juliet\u2019s nurse, the woman who breast-fed Juliet when she was a baby and has cared for Juliet her entire life. A vulgar, long-winded, and sentimental character, the Nurse provides comic relief with her frequently inappropriate remarks and speeches. But, until a disagreement near the play\u2019s end, the Nurse is Juliet\u2019s faithful confidante and loyal intermediary in Juliet\u2019s affair with Romeo. She provides a contrast with Juliet, given that her view of love is earthy and sexual, whereas Juliet is idealistic and intense. The Nurse believes in love and wants Juliet to have a nice-looking husband, but the idea that Juliet would want to sacrifice herself for love is incomprehensible to her. [PAR] Tybalt [PAR] A Capulet, Juliet\u2019s cousin on her mother\u2019s side. Vain, fashionable, supremely aware of courtesy and the lack of it, he becomes aggressive, violent, and quick to draw his sword when he feels his pride has been injured. Once drawn, his sword is something to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Translation of Caveat emptor in English - Babylon Software Translation of Caveat emptor in English [PAR] More: English to English translation of Caveat emptor [PAR] Caveat emptor is Latin for \"Let the buyer beware\" (from caveat, \"may he beware\", the subjunctive of cavere, \"to beware\" + emptor, \"buyer\"). Generally, caveat emptor is the contract law principle that controls the sale of real property after the date of closing, but may also apply to sales of other goods. The phrase caveat emptor arises from the fact that buyers typically have less information about the good or service they are purchasing, while the seller has more information. The quality of this situation is known as 'information asymmetry'. Defects in the good or service may be hidden from the buyer, and only known to the seller. [PAR] See more at Wikipedia.org... [PAR] More: English to English translation of Caveat emptor [PAR] a Latin term meaning \"let the buyer beware\". The term implies that it is the customer's responsibility rather than the seller's to ensure that the goods or services offered for sale are able to deliver the desired satisfactions. Caveat Emptor is totally contrary to the marketing concept. See Caveat Vendor. [PAR] More: English to English translation of Caveat emptor [PAR] Lat. 'buyer beware.' This rule used to generally apply to all sales, especially between individuals. It gives the buyer full responsibility for determining the quality of the goods in question. The seller generally has no duty to offer warranties or to disclose defects in the goods. [PAR] This concept has been modified by various state and federal laws as well as principles such as consumer protection and disclosure statutes and implied warranties - i.e., of use, safety, etc. However, such things may provide incentive and redress, but not full protection against miscreants, so it is best to always be cautious. [PAR] Let the purchaser take heed; that is, let him see to it that the title he is buying is good. This was/is a rule of the common law applicable to the sale and purchase of lands and other real estate. If the purchaser pay the consideration money he cannot, as a general rule in every case, recover it back after the deed has been executed; except in cases of fraud, or by force of some covenant in the deed which has been broken. The purchaser, if he fears a defect of title, has it in his power to protect himself by proper covenants and if he fails to do so the law provides for him no remedy. [PAR] This rule was severely assailed as being the instrument of falsehood and fraud; but it was too well established to be disregarded and is still operative in many situations.[DOC] [TLE] caveat emptor - definition of caveat emptor in English ... caveat emptor - definition of caveat emptor in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of caveat emptor in English: [PAR] caveat emptor [PAR] noun [PAR] The principle that the buyer alone is responsible for checking the quality and suitability of goods before a purchase is made: [PAR] \u2018caveat emptor still applies when you are buying your house\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018So caveat emptor, and - that said - let me try once more to sell you my wares.\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] Latin, let the buyer beware. [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] It's the long hours that I'm averse to [PAR] It's the long hours that I'm adverse to [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] An arrest may lead to averse publicity [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lyons | Define Lyons at Dictionary.com Lyons | Define Lyons at Dictionary.com [PAR] Share [PAR] Lyons [PAR] [lahy-uh nz for 1; lee-awn or, sometimes, lahy-uh nz for 2] /\u02c8la\u026a \u0259nz for 1; li\u02c8\u0254\u0303 or, sometimes, \u02c8la\u026a \u0259nz for 2/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] Joseph Aloysius, 1879\u20131939, Australian statesman: prime minister 1932\u201339. [PAR] 2. [PAR] French Lyon . a city in and the capital of Rhone, in E France at the confluence of the Rhone and Sa\u00f4ne rivers. [PAR] Lyon [PAR] [lahy-uh n for 1; French lyawn for 2] /\u02c8la\u026a \u0259n for 1; French ly\u0254\u0303 for 2/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Mary, 1797\u20131849, U.S. pioneer in advocating and providing advanced education for women: founder of Mount Holyoke College. [PAR] 2. [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a river flowing from the Alps in S Switzerland through the Lake of Geneva and SE France into the Mediterranean. 504 miles (810 km) long. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a department in E central France: wine-growing region. 1104 sq. mi. (2860 sq. km). [PAR] Capital: Lyons. [PAR] Examples from the Web for Lyons [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] The notice paid to the stories about Lyons may be because few famous women have made late-life revelations about their sexuality. [PAR] It's Who You Know: The Power Players of New York Fashion Week Barbara Ragghianti September 2, 2014 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] I pledge you my word that in Lyons he was born, where Licinus was king so many years. [PAR] Apocolocyntosis Lucius Seneca [PAR] At Lyons, they visited the vast factories and other public works, and all was pleasure with them. [PAR] Clotelle William Wells Brown [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Lyons [PAR] Expand [PAR] Joseph Aloysius. 1879\u20131939, Australian statesman; prime minister of Australia (1931\u201339) [PAR] Lyon [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a city in SE central France, capital of Rh\u00f4ne department, at the confluence of the Rivers Rh\u00f4ne and Sa\u00f4ne: the third largest city in France; a major industrial centre and river port. Pop: 445 452 (1999) English name Lyons (\u02c8la\u026a\u0259nz) Ancient name Lugdunum (l\u028a\u0261\u02c8du\u02d0n\u0259m) [PAR] Rh\u00f4ne [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a river in W Europe, rising in S Switzerland in the Rh\u00f4ne glacier and flowing to Lake Geneva, then into France through gorges between the Alps and Jura and south to its delta on the Gulf of Lions: important esp for hydroelectricity and for wine production along its valley. Length: 812 km (505 miles) [PAR] 2. [PAR] a department of E central France, in the Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region. Capital: Lyon. Pop: 1 621 718 (2003 est). Area: 3233 sq km (1261 sq miles) [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for Lyons [PAR] Expand [PAR] city in France at the confluence of the Rhone and the Sa\u00f4ne, from Gallo-Latin Lugudunum, literally \"fort of Lug.\" The adjectival form is Lyonnaise. [PAR] Rhone [PAR] river in southeastern France, from a pre-Indo-European element *rod- meaning \"to flow.\" [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Africa nay be bullied out of 'Bafana Bafana' nickname South Africa May Be Bullied Out Of 'Bafana Bafana' Nickname | Sportslens [PAR] Chris Wright 23 July, 2010 South Africa , World Cup [PAR] Due to an ongoing copyright dispute, the South African national football team may be forced to drop the Bafana Bafana (which translates as \u2018the boys, the boys\u2019 in Zulu) moniker that has become so instantly familiar right across the globe following the World Cup . [PAR] The rights to the nickname were acquired by a South African businessman in 1994, meaning that the South African Football Association (SAFA) are limited to using the phrase on officially administered literature and are therefore unable to seek financial gain from using it on any of their licensed merchandise. [PAR] In 1997 the SAFA undertook legal proceedings to reclaim Bafana Bafana as their own, but the South African Supreme Court of Appeal eventually threw out the case in 2002 \u2013 eight years after the usage rights were initially procured. [PAR] The issue has risen to the fore once again as, during the World Cup in South Africa , the current copyright owners are estimated to have made over \u00a36.5 million from the name during the build-up and staging of the tournament \u2013 a sum of money that SAFA president Kirsten Nematandani believes should have, one way or another, been re-distributed amongst the South African people ; [PAR] \u201cI want to avoid saying we are very angry about it, but we are worried about it. We are concerned.\u201d [PAR] Nematandani went on to admit that, although the issue regarding the \u2018national asset\u2019 (i.e. the ownership of the nickname) is being discussed \u2018at a national level\u2019, it my still have to be changed if the two parties cannot reach a compromise; [PAR] \u201cIt clearly has to be done the right way, but we cannot go on in this way. It is not proper, it is not correct. The name of Bafana Bafana came from the public and we are throwing the ball back to the public.\u201d [PAR] The issue is now being debated in the South African parliament located in Cape Town. [PAR] On Tuesday morning, after two days of discussions, the chairman of the influential parliamentary committee on sport said that the national side should discontinue their use of the Bafana Bafana nickname if the copyright issue cannot be resolved amicably, regardless of the national affection in which the nickname is held. [PAR] Although an official ruling is yet to be passed, it looks increasingly as though corporate greed may once again have to take priority over national good-will."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right [PAR] Angles [PAR] An angle measures the amount of turn [PAR] Names of Angles [PAR] As the Angle Increases, the Name Changes: [PAR] Type of Angle [PAR] an angle that is greater than 90\u00b0 but [PAR] less than 180\u00b0 [PAR] an angle that is greater than 180\u00b0 [PAR] Try It Yourself: [PAR] This diagram might make it easier to remember: [PAR] Also: Acute, Obtuse and Reflex are in alphabetical order. [PAR] Also: the letter \"A\" has an acute angle. [PAR] Be Careful What You Measure [PAR] This is an Obtuse Angle [PAR] And this is a Reflex Angle [PAR] [PAR] But the lines are the same ... so when naming the angles make sure [PAR] that you know which angle is being asked for! [PAR] Positive and Negative Angles [PAR] When measuring from a line: [PAR] a positive angle goes counterclockwise (opposite direction that clocks go) [PAR] a negative angle goes clockwise [PAR] Example: \u221267\u00b0 [PAR] The corner point of an angle is called the vertex [PAR] And the two straight sides are called arms [PAR] The angle is the amount of turn between each arm. [PAR] [PAR] How to Label Angles [PAR] There are two main ways to label angles: [PAR] 1. give the angle a name, usually a lower-case letter like a or b, or sometimes a Greek letter like \u03b1 (alpha) or \u03b8 (theta) [PAR] 2. or by the three letters on the shape that define the angle, with the middle letter being where the angle actually is (its vertex). [PAR] Example angle \"a\" is \"BAC\", and angle \"\u03b8\" is \"BCD\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Napoleon III | emperor of France | Britannica.com Napoleon III | emperor of France | Britannica.com [PAR] emperor of France [PAR] Alternative Titles: Charles-Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte, Louis-Napol\u00e9on [PAR] Napoleon III [PAR] Charles-Denis-Sauter Bourbaki [PAR] Napoleon III, also called (until 1852) Louis-Napol\u00e9on, in full Charles-Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte (born April 20, 1808, Paris \u2014died Jan. 9, 1873, Chislehurst, Kent, Eng.), nephew of Napoleon I , president of the Second Republic of France (1850\u201352), and then emperor of the French (1852\u201370). He gave his country two decades of prosperity under a stable, authoritarian government but finally led it to defeat in the Franco-German War (1870\u201371). [PAR] Napoleon III, detail of a portrait by Hippolyte Flandrin; in the Versailles Museum. [PAR] H. Roger-Viollet [PAR] Youth in exile [PAR] He was the third son of Napoleon I\u2019s brother Louis Bonaparte , who was king of Holland from 1806 to 1810, and his wife, Hortense de Beauharnais Bonaparte, stepdaughter of Napoleon I. [PAR] Louis-Napol\u00e9on\u2019s childhood and youth were spent largely in exile. His mother, like all the Bonapartes, was banished from France in 1815 after the fall of Napoleon I. Eventually, she found a new home in Switzerland, where, in 1817, she bought the castle of Arenenberg. Of romantic disposition herself, she inspired young Louis-Napol\u00e9on with a longing for his lost fatherland, as well as with enthusiastic admiration of the genius of Napoleon I. After attending a grammar school at Augsburg, Ger. (1821\u201323), her \u201csweet stubborn boy\u201d was taught by private tutors. During visits to relatives in southern Germany and Italy, he became acquainted not only with other exiled victims of the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy but also with the life of a suppressed people, such as those Italians who were living under Austrian and papal rule. He was, above all, interested in history and inspired by the idea of national liberty. Accordingly, he took part in an unsuccessful plot against the papal government in Rome in 1830 and in the rebellion in central Italy in 1831, in which his beloved brother perished. He himself was saved from the Austrian troops only by his mother\u2019s bold intervention. [PAR] Claim to the throne [PAR] After the death in 1832 of his cousin the Duke of Reichstadt (Napoleon I\u2019s only son), Louis-Napol\u00e9on considered himself his family\u2019s claimant to the French throne. To be better prepared for his task, he completed his military training and pursued his studies of economic and social problems. Soon after, he felt ready to publish his own writings on political and military subjects. In his pamphlet \u201cR\u00eaveries politiques\u201d (1832), he asserted that only an emperor could give France both glory and liberty. He thus wanted to make his name known, propagate his ideas, and recruit adherents. Convinced that as Napoleon\u2019s nephew he would be popular with the French army, he vainly tried, on Oct. 30, 1836, to win over the Strasbourg garrison for a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat. King Louis-Philippe exiled him to the United States , from which he was recalled early in 1837 by his mother\u2019s last illness. Expelled from Switzerland in 1838, he settled in England . [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Scientists Ponder Menopause in Killer Whales [PAR] In 1839 he published \u201cDes id\u00e9es napol\u00e9oniennes.\u201d So far, Bonapartism had been nothing but a wistful reminiscing of former beneficiaries of the empire or a romantic legend created by those who were dissatisfied with the humdrum present. In his new booklet Louis-Napol\u00e9on tried to transform Bonapartism into a political ideology . In doing so, he obeyed mystical inspirations as well as rationalism. To him, ideology and politics were the result of rational reflection as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] State Nicknames Hawaii - Maryland - 50 States State Nicknames Hawaii - Maryland [PAR] Hawaii became officially known as the \u0093Aloha State\u0094 by a 1959 legislative act. Haw. Rev. Stat. 5-7 [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Idaho [PAR] In 1863, Congress designated the Idaho Territory with the erroneous understanding that Idaho was a Shoshone word meaning Gem of the Mountains. In spite of the misunderstanding concerning the origin of the name the state continues to be known as the \u0093Gem State\u0094 and the \u0093Gem of the Mountains\u0094. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Known unofficially as the \u0093Prairie State\u0094, a fitting nickname for a state that sets aside the third full week in September each year as Illinois Prairie Week to demonstrate the value of preserving and reestablishing native Illinois prairies. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Indiana [PAR] \u0093Hoosier State\u0094 came into general usage in the 1830s. John Finley of Richmond wrote a poem, \"The Hoosier's Nest,\" which was used as the \"Carrier's Address\" of the Indianapolis Journal, Jan. 1, 1833. It was widely copied throughout the country and even abroad. A few days later, on January 8, 1833, at the Jackson Day dinner at Indianapolis, John W. Davis offered \"The Hoosier State of Indiana\" as a toast. And in August, former Indiana governor James B. Ray announced that he intended to publish a newspaper, The Hoosier, at Greencastle, Indiana. [PAR] The \u0093Hawkeye State\u0094 was first suggested by James G. Edwars as a tribute to indian leader Chief Black Hawk. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] The nickname \u0093Sunflower State\u0094 calls to mind the wild flowers of the plains of Kansas and the officially recognized state flower. [PAR] source: State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols by Benjamin F. Shearer, Barbara S. Shearer [PAR] Kentucky [PAR] Bluegrass is not really blue--it's green--but in the spring, bluegrass produces bluish-purple buds that when seen in large fields give a rich blue cast to the grass. Early pioneers found bluegrass growing on Kentucky's rich limestone soil, and traders began asking for the seed of the \"blue grass from Kentucky.\" The name stuck and today Kentucky is known as the \u0093Bluegrass State\u0094."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Born on the Fourth of July (1989) - IMDb Born on the Fourth of July (1989) [PAR] Author: comix-man (comix_man_1@yahoo.com) [PAR] from USA [PAR] What defines a great film? I believe that for a movie to be great, it should move you. It should make you think. It should make you reconsider your views and outlooks. It should make you take a closer look at its subject matter. It should draw attention to itself. Above all, you should gain some amount of enjoyment from a great film. I believe that BORN ON THE FOURTH OF JULY was a great film. I say this because, whether or not you agree with Ron Kovic's message, and although Oliver Stone almost ruined it with his attempts to personalize reality, the movie still made people stop and look. It literally defined the Vietnam War for a generation of Tom Cruise fans, and made many more aware of what the vets went through. The cinematography, score and fabulous acting made it a pleasure for many people to watch, if only to see how Cruise would deliver his next line. [PAR] The film grossed $70,001,698 nationwide. In 1989, when BORN ON THE FOURTH OF JULY was released, movie tickets cost five dollars. Therefore, over fourteen million American people went to the theater to see this movie. The number of viewers increases when you take into consideration the people who rented it on video or watched a television broadcast. It had that special something that made people think about issues that they might not have thought about before. It is lamentable that by 1989, many of the members of Generation X had paid little or no attention to the Vietnam War, even though only sixteen years had passed since the war's end. The younger generation was reminded that the war did, indeed, happen, and that the country was still being lambasted with the side effects. [PAR] The camera work was extremely effective in relaying the messages in the film. Different moods within the film were indicated by different tints in the color. Combats were filmed in red, while blue indicated sadness, and white tints where used in the dream sequences. Whether intended or not, the colors of choice also coincide with that of the American flag, which is very appropriate for the film. The film also employed a wide variety of interesting angles without becoming confusing to the viewer. [PAR] The musical score is one of the best of all time. John Williams is a genius in the music industry. His fabulous music can make a film feel the way it was intended to. He seems to simply know what sequence of notes will produce what emotions. Along with Williams' music, the score also includes some of the popular music from the time of the film's setting. For instance, AMERICAN PIE by Don McLean, MY GIRL by the Temptations, and MOONRIVER by Henry Mancini, all give the viewer who remembers the music a sense of nostalgia, taking them back to those years. [PAR] Two words sum up why the movie got the attention it did: Tom Cruise. Many critics were skeptical whether or not the pretty boy of RISKY BUSINESS and TOP GUN fame had what it took to portray a real life Vietnam veteran and make the audience believe he was that person. Fans crowded into the theaters to watch Cruise's handsome face (which was not so attractive through most of the film). Critics went to watch him blow the role. But he proved himself and went above and beyond what was expected of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? [PAR] Article Updated: 29 Jan , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Here on Earth, we to end to not give our measurements of time much thought. Unless we\u2019re griping about Time Zones, enjoying the extra day of a Leap Year, or contemplating the rationality of Daylight Savings Time, we tend to take it all for granted. But when you consider the fact that increments like a year are entirely relative, dependent on a specific space and place, you begin to see how time really works. [PAR] Here on Earth, we consider a year to be 365 days. Unless of course it\u2019s a Leap Year, which takes place every four years (in which it is 366). But the actual definition of a year is the time it takes our planet to complete a single orbit around the Sun. So if you were to put yourself in another frame of reference \u2013 say, another planet \u2013 a year would work out to something else. Let\u2019s see just how long a year is on the other planets, shall we? [PAR] A Year On Mercury: [PAR] To put it simply, Mercury has an orbital period of 88 days (87.969 to be exact), which means a single year is 88 Earth days \u2013 or the equivalent of about 0.241 Earth years. But here\u2019s the thing. Because of Mercury\u2019s slow rotation (once every 58.646 days) and its rapid orbital speed (47.362 km/s), one day on Mercury actually works out to 175.96 Earth days. [PAR] MESSENGER maps of Mercury \u2013 a monochrome map at 250 m/pixel and an eight-color (left), 1-km/pixel color map. Small gaps will be filled in during the next solar day (right). Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University APL/Carnegie Institution of Washington [PAR] So basically, a single year on Mercury is half as long as a Mercurian (aka. Hermian) day. This is due to Mercury being the closest planet to the Sun, ranging from 46,001,200 km at perihelion to 69,816,900 km at aphelion. At that distance, the planet shoots around the Sun faster than any other in our Solar System and has the shortest year. [PAR] In the course of a year, Mercury experiences intense variations in surface temperature \u2013 ranging from 80 \u00b0K (-193.15 \u00b0C;-315.67 \u00b0F) to 700 \u00b0K (426.85 \u00b0C; 800.33 \u00b0F). However, this is due to the planet\u2019s varying distance from the Sun and its spin, which subjects one side to extended periods of extremely hot temperatures and one side to extended periods of night. Mercury\u2019s low axial tilt (0.034\u00b0) and its rapid orbital period means that there really is no seasonal variation on Mercury. Basically, one part of the year is as hellishly hot, or horribly cold, as any other. [PAR] A Year On Venus: [PAR] The second closest planet to our Sun, Venus completes a single orbit once ever 224.7 days. This means that a single year on Venus works out to about 0.6152 Earth years. But, once again, things are complicated by the fact that Venus has an unusual rotation period. In fact, Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis \u2013 the slowest rotation of any planet \u2013 and its rotation is retrograde to its orbital path. [PAR] The planet Venus, as imagined by the Magellan 10 mission. Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Combined with its orbital period, this means that a single solar day on Venus (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blake's Jerusalem | Socialist Review Blake's Jerusalem | Socialist Review [PAR] Blake's Jerusalem [PAR] Judy Cox [PAR] Jerusalem, the song based on a poem by William Blake, is now the unofficial national anthem. [PAR] For Danny Boyle, on the left, Jerusalem created the opportunity to include industrial workers in the Olympic opening ceremony. For David Cameron, on the right, Jerusalem is an expression of distinctively English nationhood. For many ordinary people Jerusalem offers a welcome alternative to the depressing, jingoist dirge of God Save the Queen. [PAR] Jerusalem is open to many interpretations. William Blake was a complex character and his works can be difficult to read - but one thing Blake was not was a nationalist of any kind. He was a revolutionary. [PAR] Today Jerusalem has an extraordinarily wide appeal, but for a long time very few people read the poem on which it is based. \"And did those feet in ancient time\" was part of a longer prophetic poem, Milton, written in 1804. It went largely unnoticed. In 1916 the poem was set to music by Sir Hubert Parry, who had been looking for a rousing tune to rally British troops - Jerusalem was born. However, the rights to Jerusalem were owned for many years by the suffragette movement, and it was sung at labour movement rallies. Throughout the 20th century the song grew in popularity, not just as a rousing anthem for the labour movement, but as an expression of an idealised England. As the song became more famous, it moved further from the beliefs and hopes of Blake. [PAR] William Blake was a visionary, a radical poet and artist who lived most of his life in poverty and obscurity. He and his wife Catherine created illustrated poems that celebrated energy, imagination and freedom. They condemned the institutions of government, army and church and championed the poor and downtrodden. Like other radicals in his circle, such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Thomas Paine, William Blake embraced the French Revolution of 1789. He celebrated the overthrow of tyranny in his art and wore a red bonnet as a symbol of his Jacobin sympathies. When political reaction set in, Blake was vulnerable to \"church and king\" mobs and repressive laws. He left Lambeth and moved to the seaside, at Felpham, Sussex. However, his hopes of finding peace and security crumbled when he had an argument with two soldiers and was arrested for sedition and treason, crimes which carried the death penalty. [PAR] Menaced by the forthcoming trial, isolated and broke, the Blakes returned to London in 1803. To their horror, they found London dominated by hysteria over imminent war with France. Blake had written powerful condemnations of the mills, kilns and forges, which reduced human beings to being appendages of machines. [PAR] Such industries were now put to more diabolical use, creating weapons and forging the instruments of a bloody human harvest. Blake wrote to a friend in Felpham that he couldn't believe a city of peace and liberty had ever existed in London, now the hub of war. He feared that the youth of England were in danger of being sent to the slaughter, just as he was in fear for his own life. Blake believed that wars were a means by which tyrants crushed resistance. This was the experience which he poured into Jerusalem. [PAR] Blake was deeply religious, and wrote in a language inherited from the English Revolution of 1649, when political debates were pursued in theological terms. He started his poem by raising the possibility that Jesus once visited England and briefly established"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Easy Rider (1969) - IMDb Easy Rider (1969) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two counterculture bikers travel from Los Angeles to New Orleans in search of America. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 28 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Easy Rider \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 8 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A dropout from upper-class America picks up work along the way on oil rigs when his life isn't spent in a squalid succession of bars, motels, and other points of interest. [PAR] Director: Bob Rafelson [PAR] Bonnie Parker, a bored waitress falls in love with an ex-con named Clyde Barrow and together they start a violent crime spree through the country, robbing cars and banks. [PAR] Director: Arthur Penn [PAR] A naive hustler travels from Texas to New York to seek personal fortune but, in the process, finds himself a new friend. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] Two Navy men are ordered to bring a young offender to prison but decide to show him one last good time along the way. [PAR] Director: Hal Ashby [PAR] In 1951, a group of high schoolers come of age in a bleak, isolated, atrophied West Texas town that is slowly dying, both culturally and economically. [PAR] Director: Peter Bogdanovich [PAR] A disillusioned college graduate finds himself torn between his older lover and her daughter. [PAR] Director: Mike Nichols [PAR] A rebellious young man with a troubled past comes to a new town, finding friends and enemies. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Ray [PAR] The discovery of a severed human ear found in a field leads a young man on an investigation related to a beautiful, mysterious nightclub singer and a group of psychopathic criminals who have kidnapped her child. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] A man upon retirement embarks on a journey to his estranged daughter's wedding only to discover more about himself and life than he ever expected. [PAR] Director: Alexander Payne [PAR] A couple of high school grads spend one final night cruising the strip with their buddies before they go off to college. [PAR] Director: George Lucas [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Two young \"hippie\" bikers, Wyatt and Billy sell some dope in Southern California, stash their money away in their gas-tank and set off for a trip across America, on their own personal odyssey looking for a way to lead their lives. On the journey they encounter bigotry and hatred from small-town communities who despise and fear their non-conformism. However Wyatt and Billy also discover people attempting 'alternative lifestyles' who are resisting this narrow-mindedness, there is always"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Addressing the Clergy - The Church of England Addressing the Clergy [PAR] Addressing the Clergy [PAR] [PAR] How to address the clergy [PAR] In offering the advice below, we do not intend to imply that other practices are necessarily to be discouraged (for example, the use of Father as in 'Father Smith'). A good deal depends on circumstances, and, where a personal preference is known, it is usually good practice to follow it. [PAR] The following notes show acceptable current usage [PAR] on an envelope or formal listing [PAR] in starting a social letter or in speech, and [PAR] when referring to a member of the clergy [PAR] Category (a) is not open to much variation, owing to the formality of the context, but categories (b) and (c) will often vary according to circumstances. It is always acceptable to use the appropriate Christian name in place of initials (for example, the Revd Alice Smith). In the absence of any style or title conferred by a post, all deacons and priests are styled 'The Reverend', and all who have been consecrated bishop are styled 'The Right Reverend'. [PAR] Definitions for many of the specialist terms used below (such as Prebendary and Suffragan bishop) can be found in the Glossary of key terms . [PAR] Deacons and Priests [PAR] The Reverend A B Smith [PAR] Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith (unless it is known that some other style is preferred--the title Vicar or Rector is acceptable only if the person so addressed really is the incumbent of the parish where you live or worship) [PAR] The Reverend A B Smith at the first mention, and Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith thereafter [PAR] Notes [PAR] The form 'Reverend Smith' or 'The Reverend Smith' should never be used this side of the Atlantic. If the Christian name or initials are not known, the correct forms are [PAR] The Reverend - Smith, or The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith [PAR] Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith [PAR] The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith at the first mention, and Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith thereafter [PAR] There is no universally accepted way of addressing an envelope to a married couple of whom both are in holy orders. We recommend the style 'The Reverend A B and the Reverend C D Smith'. [PAR] Prebendaries [PAR] The Reverend Prebendary A B Smith [PAR] Prebendary Smith [PAR] Canons (both Residentiary and Honorary) [PAR] The Reverend Canon A B Smith [PAR] Canon Smith [PAR] The Venerable the Archdeacon of X [PAR] Archdeacon, or more formally Mr/Madam Archdeacon [PAR] The Archdeacon of X at the first mention, and the Archdeacon thereafter [PAR] Notes [PAR] In the case of an archdeacon (or dean/provost, bishop, or archbishop) in office, the style above is to be preferred. The personal name should be used only for the purpose of identification. [PAR] For an archdeacon emeritus, the correct forms are [PAR] The Venerable A B Smith [PAR] Archdeacon [PAR] The Very Reverend the Dean/Provost of X [PAR] Dean/Provost, or more formally Mr/Madam Dean/Provost [PAR] The Dean/Provost of X at the first mention, and the Dean thereafter (see also note 1 in the Archdeacons section above) [PAR] Bishops, Diocesan and Suffragan [PAR] The Right Reverend the Bishop of X, or The Right Reverend the LordBishop of X [PAR] Bishop, or more formally My Lord [PAR] The Bishop of X at the first mention, and the Bishop thereafter (see also note 1 in the Archdeacons section above) [PAR] Notes [PAR] It is a matter of individual preference whether the title 'Lord' should be used. [PAR] The Bishop of London is a Privy Councillor, and has the style 'The Right Reverend and Right Honourable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ctzen.org the Triple Jewel: Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha [PAR] The word Buddha is a Sanskrit word which means \"The Awakened One\", one who is awakened to Reality, who understands true nature of the mind, the world, and all sentient beings. [PAR] The Buddha lived approximately 3000 years ago (some say 2500). He was an Indian prince named Siddhartha, who gave up his throne in order to search for the Truth, to find a way to bring relief to the sufferings of humanity. After many years of diligent practice, he reached Supreme Enlightenment while sitting under a bodhi tree. He then exclaimed, \"Wonder of wonders! All sentient beings are inherently complete and perfect! But they do not realize it because of their delusions and cravings.\" [PAR] There upon He was known as Sakyamuni (or Gautama) Buddha, and embarked on an endless, compassionate journey to teach living beings how to see Reality, how to gain true wisdom, how to free themselves, and how to achieve true peace and joy. His teaching is known as the Dharma. The Buddha taught for 49 years until he entered nirvana at the age of 80. [PAR] Many disciples of the Buddha, following the Buddha's example, renounced the home life to devote their lives to the practice of Enlightenment, to the gaining of wisdom that can transcend suffering, and to teach other sentient beings the same. They formed the ordained community of Buddhist monks and nuns known as the Sangha. Sangha means \"harmony\" or \"harmonious assembly\". The Sangha is responsible for practicing, achieving, preserving, and propagating the Buddha Dharma. Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha are called the Triple Jewel. [PAR] Buddhist Ideal [PAR] Buddhists believe that everyone can become a Buddha. Being a Buddha means being Awakened, free from delusions and sufferings, and perfect in wisdom and compassion [PAR] [PAR] To be Awakened means to see Reality as it is, not as we think it is. To see Reality is to gain true wisdom and this wisdom will free us. We are not trapped by external conditions, but by our misperceptions and prejudices. Whatever we do, our actions create reactions that come back to affect us. Because of this, we are responsible for our own actions. Also because of this, we are responsible for our own salvation. And exactly because of this, each one of us is capable of achieving Perfection. We just need to know how. The Dharma teaches us how. There are many ways of practice, many \"Dharma gates\" to achieve Enlightenment, and they all fall into these general categories: performing good deeds, meditation, and studying the Dharma. . [PAR] \u2022 Excerpts from a talk given by Ven. Jian Hu. To view the entirety of article Introduction to Buddhism from the section of Dharma Gems-Dharma Lectures."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Divot - definition of divot by The Free Dictionary Divot - definition of divot by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Divot - definition of divot by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/divot [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Acronyms , Idioms . [PAR] div\u00b7ot [PAR] (d\u012dv\u2032\u0259t) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. A piece of turf torn up by a golf club in striking a ball, or by a horse's hoof. [PAR] 2. Scots A thin square of turf or sod used for roofing. [PAR] [Scots, a turf.] [PAR] (\u02c8d\u026av\u0259t) [PAR] n [PAR] a piece of turf dug out of a grass surface, esp by a golf club or by horses' hooves [PAR] [C16: from Scottish, of obscure origin] [PAR] div\u2022ot [PAR] 1. a piece of turf gouged out with a golf club in making a stroke. [PAR] 2. Scot. a piece of turf. [PAR] [1530\u201340; orig. Scots] [PAR] Piece of turf dug out by a properly played iron shot; it should be replaced. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] divot - (golf) the cavity left when a piece of turf is cut from the ground by the club head in making a stroke; \"it was a good drive but the ball ended up in a divot\" [PAR] golf , golf game - a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes [PAR] cavity , pit - a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); \"they dug a pit to bury the body\" [PAR] 2. [PAR] divot - a piece of turf dug out of a lawn or fairway (by an animals hooves or a golf club) [PAR] golf , golf game - a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes [PAR] greensward , sod , sward , turf - surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots [PAR] Translations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] heavy hydrogen - WordReference.com Dictionary of English heavy hydrogen - WordReference.com Dictionary of English [PAR] heavy hydrogen [PAR] WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English \u00a9 2017 [PAR] heav\u2032y hy\u2032drogen, [PAR] Chemistryeither of the heavy isotopes of hydrogen, esp. deuterium. [PAR] Chemistrydeuterium. [PAR] Collins Concise English Dictionary \u00a9 HarperCollins Publishers:: [PAR] heavy hydrogen n [PAR] Forum discussions with the word(s) \"heavy hydrogen\" in the title: [PAR] No titles with the word(s) \"heavy hydrogen\".[DOC] [TLE] What Is Deuterium? - About Chemistry: Chemistry Projects ... What Is Deuterium? - Deuterium Facts [PAR] Deuterium Facts [PAR] Deuterium Facts [PAR] What Is Deuterium? [PAR] This is ionized deuterium in an IEC reactor. You can see the characteristic pink or reddish glow displayed by ionized deuterium. Benji9072 [PAR] By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. [PAR] Updated November 01, 2016. [PAR] What is deuterium ? Here's a look at what deuterium is, where you might find it, and some of the uses of deuterium. [PAR] Deuterium Definition [PAR] Hydrogen is unique in that it has three isotopes which are named. Deuterium is one of the isotopes of hydrogen. It has one proton and one neutron. The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium , which has one proton and no neutrons. Because deuterium contains a neutron, it is more massive or heavier than protium, so it is sometimes called heavy hydrogen . There's a third hydrogen isotope, tritium, which may also be called heavy hydrogen because each atom contains one proton and two neutrons. [PAR] Deuterium Facts [PAR] The chemical symbol for deuterium is D. Sometimes the symbol 2H is used. [PAR] Deuterium is a stable isotope of hydrogen. In other words, deuterium is not radioactive. [PAR] The natural abundance of deuterium in the ocean is approximately 156.25 ppm, which is one atom in 6,400 of hydrogen. In other words, 99.98% of hydrogen in the ocean is protium and only 0.0156% is deuterium (or 0.0312% by mass). [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] The natural abundance of deuterium is slightly different from one water source to another. [PAR] Deuterium gas is one form of naturally occurring pure hydrogen. It's chemical formula is written as either 2H2 or as D2. Pure deuterium gas is rare. It's more common to find deuterium bonded to a protium atom to form hydrogen deuteride, which is written as HD or 1H2H. [PAR] The name for deuterium comes from the Greek word deuteros, which means \"second\". This is in reference two the two particles , a proton and a neutron, which make up the nucleus of a deuterium atom. [PAR] A deuterium nucleus is termed a deuteron or deuton. [PAR] Deuterium is used as a tracer, in nuclear fusion reactors and to slow down neutrons in heavy water moderated fission reactors. [PAR] Deuterium was discovered in 1931 by Harold Urey. He used the new form of hydrogen to produce samples of heavy water. Urey won the Nobel Prize in 1934. [PAR] Deuterium behaves differently from normal hydrogen in biochemical reactions. While it's not deadly to drink a small amount of heavy water , for example, ingesting a large quantity can be lethal. [PAR] The presence of deuterium has been confirmed on other planets in the solar system and in the spectra of stars. The outer planets have roughly the same deuterium concentration as each other. It is believed most of the deuterium present today was produced during the Big Bang nucleosynthesis event. Very little deuterium is seen in the Sun and other stars. Deuterium is consumed in stars at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Cheese List | Types List Types of Cheese List [PAR] Recipes [PAR] Types of Cheese List [PAR] Most of us will have encountered at least five kinds of cheese that we can probably identify. But did you know that all over the world, there are over 500 cheese varieties? Here we will get to know some, based on the country from which it originated. [PAR] Afghanistan [PAR] Kadchgall \u2013 it\u2019s a hard cheese made from sheep or camel\u2019s milk, and is cylindrical in shape. [PAR] Serat \u2013 this is made from sheep\u2019s milk, where the curds are formed into a ball, before it undergoes smoking and waxing. [PAR] Argentina [PAR] Reggianito \u2013 it looks like a smaller version of the Italian Reggiano, and is ideal for cooking or as a pasta topping. [PAR] Sardo \u2013 this is made from cow\u2019s milk and is shaped like a small loaf, with a rich and slightly salty taste. [PAR] Australia [PAR] Blue Vein \u2013 thus named, because the Penicillum mold mixed at the first part of its production creates blue-gray or blue-green spots or veins on the resulting cheese. [PAR] Fresh Pyramid \u2013 this is a soft, white cheese made from goat\u2019s milk, with a creamy and crumbly texture. [PAR] Grabetto \u2013 made from goat\u2019s milk, its taste will vary as it ages. The texture will also become hard and flaky, with a straw color. [PAR] Heidi Gruyere \u2013 one of the finest farmhouse cheese varieties and is made from pasteurized cow\u2019s milk. [PAR] Pyengana Cheddar \u2013 it\u2019s a hard cheese made from cow\u2019s milk, and falls under the cheddar category but is neither as hard or soft as a regular cheddar. [PAR] Austria [PAR] Butterkase \u2013 this is a semi-soft cheese made from cow\u2019s milk, and does not actually contain butter, even if its name is translated as \u201cbutter cheese.\u201d [PAR] Mondseer \u2013 it\u2019s usually made from pasteurized cow or goat\u2019s milk, with a pale yellow color. This is one of the most popular cheese used in Austrian cuisine. [PAR] Schloss \u2013 this is a semi-hard cheese made from cow\u2019s milk, with a tangy and pungent taste. [PAR] Bangladesh [PAR] Paneer \u2013 this is a fresh, firm white cheese, with a soft and crumbly texture. [PAR] Belgium [PAR] Herve \u2013 this is brick-shaped, with a pale yellow and smooth texture. Its taste will vary from sweet to spicy, as it ages. [PAR] Limburger \u2013 it\u2019s a semi-soft cheese made from cow\u2019s milk, with a stinky scent, but a mild taste. [PAR] Remedou \u2013 this is a hard cheese with a yellow color, and is also called \u201cthe stinking cheese\u201d due to its very strong odor. [PAR] Canada [PAR] Richelieu \u2013 this soft, creamy cheese is made from cow\u2019s milk and is known as buttercheese in Canada. [PAR] Denmark [PAR] Cream Havarti \u2013 the most famous cheese in Denmark. It comes in a variety of flavors such as cranberry, basil, garlic, red pepper or coconut. [PAR] Danbo \u2013 it\u2019s a semi-soft and smear-ripened cheese with an ivory color. [PAR] Mycella \u2013 its name is derived from the fungal filament, Mycelium. It has blue-green veins and aromatic taste. [PAR] Egypt [PAR] Sardo Egyptian \u2013 it\u2019s a hard cheese made from sheep\u2019s milk, and can last a long time. [PAR] England [PAR] Cheddar \u2013 the most popular cheese around the world, and is shaped like a drum with a pale yellow color. [PAR] Cheshire \u2013 it\u2019s a hard cheese with a red-orange color. It will darken in time, but the taste will have no traces of bitterness. [PAR] Creamy Lancashire \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Talipes - MedicineNet - Health and Medical ... Definition of Talipes [PAR] larger [PAR] Definition of Talipes [PAR] Talipes: Clubfoot. The Latin word talipes was compounded from talus (ankle) + pes (foot) since, with the common (\"classic\") type of clubfoot (talipes equinovarus), the foot is turned in sharply and the person seems to be walking on their ankle. Talipes equinovalgus: Malformation of the foot evident at birth in which the heel is elevated like a horse's hoof (equino-) and the heel is turned outward (valgus). [PAR] This is a type of congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes. [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016[DOC] [TLE] Talipes | definition of talipes by Medical dictionary Talipes | definition of talipes by Medical dictionary [PAR] Talipes | definition of talipes by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/talipes [PAR] talipes [PAR] [tal\u00b4\u012d-p\u0113z] [PAR] a deformity in which the foot is twisted out of normal position; see also clubfoot and see illustration. It may have an abnormally high longitudinal arch (talipes cavus) or it may be in dorsiflexion (talipes calcaneus), in plantar flexion (talipes equinus), abducted and everted (talipes valgus or flatfoot ), adducted and inverted (talipes varus), or various combinations of these (talipes calcaneovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus, talipes equinovalgus, or talipes equinovarus). [PAR] There are several theories as to the cause of clubfoot. A familial tendency or arrested growth during fetal life may contribute to its development, or it may be caused by a defect in the ovum. It sometimes accompanies meningomyelocele as a result of paralysis. In mild clubfoot there are slight changes in the structure of the foot; more severe cases involve orthopedic deformities of both the foot and leg. Although clubfoot is usually congenital, an occasional case in an older child may be caused by injury or poliomyelitis. [PAR] Treatment varies according to the severity of the deformity. Milder cases may be corrected with casts that are changed periodically, the foot being manipulated into position each time the cast is changed so that it gradually assumes normal position. A specially designed splint may also be used, made of two plates attached to shoes with a crossbar between the plates and special set screws so that the angulation of the foot can be changed as necessary. More severe deformities require surgery of the tendons and bones, followed by the application of a cast to maintain proper position of the joint. [PAR] Talipes. [PAR] [tal\u2032ip\u0113z] [PAR] Etymology: L, talus, ankle, pes, foot [PAR] a deformity of the foot and ankle, usually congenital, in which the foot is twisted and relatively fixed in an abnormal position. Talipes refers to deformities that involve the foot and ankle, whereas pes refers only to deformities of the foot. Kinds of talipes include talipes calcaneovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus, and talipes equinovarus . See also clawfoot, flatfoot . [PAR] talipes [PAR] Latin, talipes = talus\u2013ankle + pes\u2013foot A general term for clubfoot\u2013a congenital foot deformity involving the talus. See Clubfoot . [PAR] tal\u00b7i\u00b7pes [PAR] Any deformity of the foot involving the talus. [PAR] [L. talus, ankle, + pes, foot] [PAR] talipes [PAR] Clubfoot. A congenital deformity affecting the shape or position of one or both feet. In talipes cavus, there is exaggeration of the curvature of the longitudinal arch. In talipes equinovarus the ankle is extended and the heel and sole turned inwards. [PAR] talipes [PAR] congenital foot deformity, about the talus [PAR] talipes calcaneovalgus congenital vertical orientation of longitudinal axes of talus and calcaneum secondary to soft-tissue deformity of lower leg and foot; characterized by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wallace and Gromit creator Nick Park ... - Daily Mail Online Wallace and Gromit creator Nick Park reveals his first ever animated film | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Loved by the nation, animated characters Wallace and Gromit have become household names. [PAR] Their creator, Nick Park, has received endless accolades for his four animated short films following the duo's hilarious escapades. [PAR] Here, he reveals the childhood influences that led to the birth of Wallace and Gromit and for the first time unveils his first ever animated film, Walter The Rat Goes Fishing. [PAR] Scroll down to watch exclusive video of Nick Park's first ever animated film. [PAR] It was the same routine every summer in the Sixties. As school broke up and the sun emerged, my family would depart our Lancashire home in an ancient Land Rover or beaten-up Ford van to go camping in North Wales. [PAR] Our spirits were high, but the journey was far from smooth. Inevitably we would break down, leaving me and my four siblings sitting at the roadside as our father Roger wrestled with whichever recalcitrant engine component had failed us. [PAR] For us, motor maintenance was as much part of a holiday as cloudy skies and ice-cream. Indeed, it was only in later life that we discovered most family getaways do not include compulsory vehicle repair. [PAR] The Rat That Goes Fishing: Nick Park's first animated film - shot by the Oscar-winner when he was just 13 - featured characters made from cotton bobbins [PAR] Ambitious: Park shot the film on an 8mm movie camera his father bought for his mother on her birthday [PAR] First attempt: As a teenager, Park was influenced by his father who he describes as a 'tinkerer, maker and mender' [PAR] My father, an architectural photographer, was an incurable tinkerer, maker and mender. He was always building something in his shed. We never bought anything new \u2013 you didn\u2019t in those days \u2013 and materials were easy to come by. [PAR] Dad would drive to our local municipal dump outside Preston, ostensibly to dispose of our old junk. [PAR] But he would return home with more than he\u2019d taken \u2013 wheels, wood, miscellaneous mechanisms \u2013 my mother Celia frowning at his new haul, in a manner not dissimilar to Gromit. [PAR] Family life, though, was always fun. On one occasion, Dad constructed a caravan from scratch, stripping down an old chassis and building a new body out of hardboard and timber. It had furniture permanently fixed to the floor \u2013 a real home from home, even down to the wallpapered interior, applied lovingly by my mother. [PAR] Creative: Park's parents loved making things. His father once built a caravan for their summer holidays while his mother made clothes [PAR] Model maker: Nick Park with his creations Wallace and Gromit [PAR] The Rocket: Famously debuted in World of Invention, it was designed to fetch cheese from the moon and also benefited from homely furniture and tasteful wallpaper. Taken from Haynes Cracking Contraptions 2 Manual [PAR] Wallace and Gromit in a scene from A Grand Day out, the first of their four animated adventures [PAR] For us, this was a splendid adventure, building our own transport and taking it on holiday. Years later, when I constructed the Rocket for A Grand Day Out \u2013 the first Wallace and Gromit film \u2013 I realised suddenly that I\u2019d made a movie about my dad. Wallace\u2019s rocket, designed to fetch cheese from the moon, also benefited from homely furniture and tasteful wallpaper. [PAR] It\u2019s that spirit of British"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English counties - Counties of England Counties of England [PAR] Counties in England [PAR] Exploring the counties of England with history and pictures. [PAR] The history of the counties of England dates back to early Anglo-Saxon times when \u00e2\u0080\u0098shires\u00e2\u0080\u0099 were first formed as a way of raising taxes and when the nation of England was first created. These Anglo-Saxon shires usually had a fortified town at the centre, known back then as the \u00e2\u0080\u0098shire town\u00e2\u0080\u0099. The word \u00e2\u0080\u0098County\u00e2\u0080\u0099 came later, being first introduced by the Normans when they conquered England back in 1066 and has its origins in French, simply meaning a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a \u00e2\u0080\u0098Count\u00e2\u0080\u0099. [PAR] The words \u00e2\u0080\u0098county\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and \u00e2\u0080\u0098counties\u00e2\u0080\u0099 therefore are derived from French (from the Normans) but most of the county names themselves still kept (and retain today) their original Anglo-Saxon names, such as \u00e2\u0080\u0098Worcestershire\u00e2\u0080\u0099 or \u00e2\u0080\u0098Bedfordshire\u00e2\u0080\u0099 which is simply the name of the shire or county town, with the suffix of shire. [PAR] There are other counties however that got their name differently, such as Cornwall, and Devon, both of which take their names from the Celtic tribes that inhabited the regions, such as the \u00e2\u0080\u0098Cornovii\u00e2\u0080\u0099 in Cornwall . Other exceptions include todays Kent, which derives from the Kingdom of Kent, and Sussex (both East and West) and Essex. These names derive from the East Saxons (Essex) and the South Saxons (Sussex). The county names of Norfolk and Suffolk, derive from the \u00e2\u0080\u0098North Folk\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and \u00e2\u0080\u0098South Folk\u00e2\u0080\u0099 of the ancient Kingdom of East Anglia. [PAR] Each county link below will take you to the main county page where we list all the wonderful historic towns, villages and attractions that each county has to offer. You will also find a Picture Tour for each county, offering a diverse selection of the wonderful towns, attractions and varying landscapes. We hope you enjoy viewing the beautiful counties of England.."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] East of Eden | Cain and Abel | 60second Recap\u00ae Decoder\u2122 East of Eden | Cain and Abel | 60second Recap\u00ae Decoder\u2122 [PAR] John Steinbeck, 1952 [PAR] Famous for: More riffs on the story of Cain and Abel than you ever thought possible. [PAR] Warning! John Steinbeck gets a little repetitive in East of Eden. See, the story in East of Eden is based on the oldest sibling rivalry in history\u2014the conflict between the Biblical brothers, Cain and Abel. Don\u2019t worry if you\u2019re not Bible-savvy, though. In a measly 60 seconds, this Recap will get you all caught up! [PAR] Recaps for this Book[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: East of Eden: Context SparkNotes: East of Eden: Context [PAR] East of Eden [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] John Steinbeck is perhaps the quintessential California novelist. Born in Salinas, California, in 1902, he went on to create a body of work that is closely connected to the land, people, and history of his home state. As a young man, Steinbeck worked as a hired hand on farms and ranches throughout the Salinas Valley, forming lasting impressions of the land and its people that would influence virtually all of his later work. Meanwhile, his father, a local government official, and his mother, a former schoolteacher, encouraged his burgeoning interest in writing. After finishing high school, Steinbeck started at Stanford University in Palo Alto but left before finishing his degree in order to pursue work as a reporter in New York City. He returned to California the following year, supporting his writing endeavors with a steady income from manual labor. [PAR] The first three novels Steinbeck published\u2014Cup of Gold (1929), The Pastures of Heaven (1932), and To a God Unknown (1933)\u2014were critical and commercial failures. He persisted in his writing, however, and attracted more positive notices with Tortilla Flat (1935), a collection of stories about the ethnic working poor in California. Of Mice and Men (1937) brought him increased acclaim, and then The Grapes of Wrath (1939) earned him widespread fame and the Pulitzer Prize. The story of a family of migrant farmers making the difficult journey from Oklahoma to California during the Great Depression, The Grapes of Wrath was hailed as an instant classic and a landmark of socially conscious American fiction. [PAR] Steinbeck\u2019s novels are acclaimed for their combination of realistic naturalism and moral optimism\u2014two qualities not commonly found together. Steinbeck portrayed the pain, poverty, and wickedness of the world with unsparing detail while at the same time maintained a belief in the \u201cperfectibility of man.\u201d This optimism pervades Steinbeck\u2019s fiction, leavening even his gloomiest accounts of the Great Depression with a powerful sense of hope. [PAR] The sweeping California epic East of Eden (1952) is considered Steinbeck\u2019s most ambitious work and the masterpiece of his later artistic career. Indeed, although The Grapes of Wrath is more famous and widely read, Steinbeck himself regarded East of Eden as his greatest novel. He wrote that he believed he had imbued East of Eden with everything he knew about writing and everything he knew about good and evil in the human condition. Though its story is not autobiographical, East of Eden does delve into the world of Steinbeck\u2019s childhood, incorporating his memories of the Salinas Valley in the early years of the twentieth century, his memories of the war era, and his memories of his relatives, many of whom are secondary characters in the novel. (Samuel Hamilton was indeed Steinbeck\u2019s grandfather, Olive Hamilton was Steinbeck\u2019s mother, and Aron Trask\u2019s gloomy experience at Stanford University is to some degree based on Steinbeck\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mar Chiquita - Cordoba - Argentina Mar Chiquita - Cordoba - Argentina [PAR] Cordoba Argentina Cordoba Pictures Attractions in Cordoba Adventure Travel in Cordoba Weather and Climate in Cordoba How To Get to Cordoba Transport in Cordoba Restaurants in Cordoba Useful Information of Cordoba [PAR] There is an important avifauna of aquatic, terrestrial and migratory birds adding to a total of 250 species on the surroundings. Amongst them we have so called bigu\ufffds, Neotropic Cormorant (Palacroc\ufffdrax brasilianus) becasinas Common Snipe. flycatchers, bandurrias Theristicus caudatus Buff-necked Ibis., Common Name(s):, Gavil\ufffdn caracolero [Spanish]. Snail Kite. caracoleros, herons, storks, ducks, black-necked swans, white gooses, southern lapwings, etc. [PAR] In virtue of these characteristics, the area has been declared Provincial Natural Reserve, and it is integrated to the Hemispheric Net of Aquatic Bird Reserves. [PAR] The entire region has characteristics worth of jutting out; the waters of the lagoon were saturated with mineral salts that hindered animal life save for a tiny crustaceous, the artemia (Artemia salinas) , the main source of food for the pink flamingos who used to live in it until 1977, when the waters' salinity was dramatically reduced due to a huge mass of fresh water that got into the lagoon the said year. It currently allows the survival of fish such as the atherine, the toothy, etc. [PAR] Another alternative is Resort-logy, being one of the few mud-therapy centres in the world. Its waters are sought after for diverse treatments due to their high salinity levels. The usage of the salty waters from their therapeutic point of view, as well as the kind weather, turned Miramar, the only City existing on the shore, into an important tourist compound. [PAR] Recreational activities, such as fauna observation, nautical practices, interpretation treks, fishing and beaching, along with productive activities such as the fur industry, agriculture and livestock breeding, make of the area of Mar Chiquita a special tourist destination. There are beautiful sights and a good fishing offer. [PAR] The renowned benefits of its healing mud and the most important colony of migratory aquatic birds have made of the lagoon an exceptional centre of ecological tourism. [PAR] It offers an exquisite and typical gastronomy, with the atherine and the roasted otter standing out. It has been declared a Provincial Natural Reserve in virtue of its characteristics, and it integrates the Hemispheric Net of Aquatic Bird Reserves. [PAR] ATTRACTIONS [PAR] MAR CHIQUITA LAGOON OR SEA OF ANSENUZA [PAR] It is an extensive saline depression on which the Rivers Dulce, Suqu\ufffda (First) and Xan\ufffdes (Second) flow into. The therapeutic properties of its waters gave origin to a thermal resort-logy tourist centre. It has been declared Natural Reserve due to its valuable fauna, composed of pink flamingos, ducks, otters, etc. The Hemispheric Net of Aquatic Bird Reserves has granted it the character of \"Hemispheric Place\", and it has fauna observation posts. The breeding of otters in captivity has given origin to a flourishing fur industry, which offers fur and leatherworks of very high quality. Sport fishing of the atherine and diverse nautical activities can be practiced in its huge mirror of water. [PAR] MIRAMAR [PAR] It is the main tourist centre in the area of Mar Chiquita, which along with the resort contain the necessary tourist infrastructure (casino, hotels and gastronomy). [PAR] Miramar continues to offer visitors the chance of realising health tourism based on the mineral properties of the waters and mud of the sea; but this inner sea also constitutes a great natural reserve area that is characteristic for its fauna richness, especially for the presence of the pink flamingo. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ... Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [PAR] Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica [PAR] First published Thu Dec 20, 2007 [PAR] No work of science has drawn more attention from philosophers than Newton's Principia. The reasons for this, however, and consequently the focus of the attention have changed significantly from one century to the next. During the 20th Century philosophers have viewed the Principia in the context of Einstein's new theory of gravity in his theory of general relativity. The main issues have concerned the relation between Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity and what the need to replace the former with the latter says about the nature, scope, and limits of scientific knowledge. During most of the 18th Century, by contrast, Newton's theory of gravity remained under dispute, especially because of the absence of a mechanism \u2014 in particular, a contact mechanism \u2014 producing gravitational forces. The philosophic literature correspondingly endeavored to clarify and to resolve, one way or the other, the dispute over whether the Principia should or should not be viewed as methodologically well founded. By the 1790s Newton's theory of gravity had become established among those engaged in research in orbital mechanics and physical geodesy, leading to the Principia becoming the exemplar of science at its most successful. Philosophic interest in the Principia during the 19th Century therefore came to focus on how Newton had achieved this success, in part to characterize the knowledge that had been achieved and in part to pursue comparable knowledge in other areas of research. Unfortunately, a very large fraction of the philosophic literature in all three centuries has suffered from a quite simplistic picture of the Principia itself. The main goal of this entry is to replace that simplistic picture with one that does more justice to the richness of both the content and the methodology of the Principia. [PAR] 1. Overview: The Importance of the Work [PAR] Viewed retrospectively, no work was more seminal in the development of modern physics and astronomy than Newton's Principia. Its conclusion that the force retaining the planets in their orbits is one in kind with terrestrial gravity ended forever the view dating back at least to Aristotle that the celestial realm calls for one science and the sublunar realm, another. Just as the Preface to its first edition had proposed, the ultimate success of Newton's theory of gravity made the identification of the fundamental forces of nature and their characterization in laws the primary pursuit of physics. The success of the theory led as well to a new conception of exact science under which every systematic discrepancy between observation and theory, no matter how small, is taken as telling us something important about the world. And, once it became clear that the theory of gravity provided a far more effective means than observation for precisely characterizing complex orbital motions \u2014 just as Newton had proposed in the Principia in the case of the orbit of the Moon \u2014 physical theory gained primacy over observation for purposes of answering specific questions about the world. [PAR] The retrospective view of the Principia has been different in the aftermath of Einstein's special and general theories of relativity from what it was throughout the nineteenth century. Newtonian theory is now seen to hold only to high approximation in limited circumstances in much the way that Galileo's and Huygens's results for motion under uniform gravity came to be seen as holding only to high approximation in the aftermath of Newtonian inverse-square gravity. In the middle of the nineteenth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is Bonnie Tyler dating? Bonnie Tyler boyfriend, husband Who is Bonnie Tyler dating? Bonnie Tyler boyfriend, husband [PAR] Robert Sullivan and Bonnie Tyler have been married for 43 years since 4th Jul 1973. view relationship [PAR] Relationships [PAR] has had no other relationships that we know of. [PAR] About [PAR] Bonnie Tyler [PAR] is a 65 year old Welsh Singer. Born Gaynor Hopkins on 8th June, 1951 in Skewen, Wales, she is famous for Total Eclipse of the Heart in a career that spans 1975\u2013present. Her zodiac sign is Gemini. [PAR] Bonnie Tyler [PAR] is a member of the following lists: Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2013 , Pseudonymous musicians and Winners of Yamaha Music Festival . [PAR] Contribute [PAR] Help us build our profile of Bonnie Tyler! Login to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. [PAR] Relationship Statistics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mexico's Independence Day - September 16 Mexican Independence Day - September 16 [PAR] Updated August 22, 2016. [PAR] Mexico's Independence Day - September 16: [PAR] Mexico celebrates its independence every September 16 with parades, festivals, feasts, parties and more. Mexican flags are everywhere and the main plaza in Mexico City is packed. But what\u2019s the history behind the date of September 16? [PAR] Prelude to Mexican Independence : [PAR] Long before 1810, Mexicans had begun to chafe under Spanish rule . Spain kept a stranglehold on her colonies, only permitting them limited trade opportunities and generally appointing Spaniards (as opposed to native-born Creoles) to important colonial posts. To the north, the United States had won its independence decades before, and many Mexicans felt they could, too. In 1808, Creole patriots saw their chance when Napoleon invaded Spain and imprisoned Ferdinand VII. This allowed Mexican and South American rebels to set up their own governments and yet claim loyalty to the imprisoned Spanish King. [PAR] Conspiracies: [PAR] In Mexico, the creoles decided the time had come for independence . [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What Is Mexican Independence Day? [PAR] It was a dangerous business, however. There might have been chaos in Spain, but the mother country still controlled the colonies. In 1809-1810 there were several conspiracies, most of which were found out and the conspirators harshly punished. In Quer\u00e9taro, an organized conspiracy including several prominent citizens was preparing to make its move at the end of 1810. The leaders included parish priest Father Miguel Hidalgo , Royal army officer Ignacio Allende , government official Miguel Dominguez, cavalry captain Juan Aldama and others. The date of October 2 was selected for the insurrection against Spain to begin. [PAR] El Grito de Dolores: [PAR] In early September, however, the conspiracy began to unravel. The plot had been found out and one by one the conspirators were being rounded up by colonial officials. On September 15, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo heard the bad news: the jig was up and the Spanish were coming for him. On the morning of the 16th, Hidalgo took to the pulpit in the town of Dolores and made a shocking announcement: he was taking up arms against the tyrannies of the Spanish government and his parishioners were all invited to join him. This famous speech became known as \"El Grito de Dolores,\" Or the \"Cry of Dolores.\" Within hours Hidalgo had an army: a large, unruly, poorly armed but resolute mob. [PAR] March to Mexico City: [PAR] Hidalgo, assisted by military man Ignacio Allende, led his army towards Mexico City. Along the way they laid siege to the town of Guanajuato and fought off the Spanish defense at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces . By November he was at the gates of the city itself, with angry army large enough to take it. Yet Hidalgo inexplicably retreated, perhaps turned aside by fears of a large Spanish army coming to reinforce the city. [PAR] Fall of Hidalgo: [PAR] In January of 1811, Hidalgo and Allende were routed at the Battle of Calderon Bridge by a much smaller but better-trained Spanish army. Forced to flee, the rebel leaders, along with some others, were soon captured. Allende and Hidalgo were both put to death in June and July of 1811. The peasant army had disbanded and it looked as if Spain had reasserted control over its unruly colony. [PAR] Mexican Independence is Won: [PAR] But such was not the case. One of Hidalgo\u2019s captains, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Morelos, took up the banner of independence and fought"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Two Christian views about Bible passages about Heaven ... Two Christian views about Bible passages about Heaven, Hell, Annihilation, etc [PAR] 3 [PAR] 0 [PAR] One has to go back to the original Hebrew and Greek texts to fully understand that nature of \"Hell.\" [PAR] The King James Version of the Bible translate three different words as \"hell\": [PAR] Sheol: A Hebrew word which is found 65 times in the Hebrew Scriptures. It is a place located under the surface of the Earth. where everyone goes after death - those who have led good lives and those who have been evil. Its inhabitants lead a sort of shadowy existence, without energy, and isolated from God. They stay there forever. [PAR] Hades: A Greek word which is found 10 times in the Christian Scriptures. It is a type of transitional word. Sometimes it means a place under the earth where everyone ends up after death. Other times, it is a place where evil people are punished after death. [PAR] Gehenna: A Greek word which is found 13 times in the Christian Scriptures. It refers to a place of punishment or destruction for the wicked. It is based on an actual geographical location: a burning garbage dump in the Valley of Phnom. This is a deep and narrow valley where the garbage from the city of Jerusalem was thrown in ancient times. It is also believed to have been a place of human sacrifice; infants where thrown into the fire by worshipers of the Pagan gods Moloch and Baal. Later, the Roman occupying army discarded the bodies of all victims of crucifixion there. [PAR] Bible translators are faced with a quandary over \"hell.\" They have to deal with 3 words (one Hebrew and two Greek) which Biblical writers have used to describe very different destinations after death: [PAR] They want to translate the Bible so that it appears to be consistent to the reader. That is, an ancient Hebrew author's description must match that of the 1st century author's writings. Otherwise, the Bible will be seen to teach very different beliefs about Hell, in different passages. The concept of Biblical inerrancy (freedom of error) would become meaningless. [PAR] They want to be true to the original text, which describe some very different destinations for the dead. [PAR] The translators of the King James Version (KJV) tended to translate all three words: Sheol, Hades and Gehenna, as Hell. This had the advantage of making the Bible appear internally consistent. But many theologians believe that it disguises the variety of beliefs of the ancient Israelites who were under the influence of Greek culture and the writers of the Christian Scriptures. Some religious conservatives criticize the translation because it treats two different places as if they were a single location. [PAR] In 31 locations, the KJV translates Sheol as grave. This obscures the meaning of the passages. It sometimes produces very different images, as in Genesis 37:36 where: [PAR] The KJV describes Jacob going \"down into the grave onto my son.\" This gives the impression of Jacob digging down into the earth, uncovering his son's body. [PAR] The NIV has Jacob going \"down to the grave to my son.\" This implies that Jacob was visiting the location where his son is buried. [PAR] The RSV has him go \"down to Sheol to my son.\" This has Jacob going into the caverns under the earth where his son would be living in a type of shadowy existence. [PAR] In 3 cases, the KJV translates Sheol as Pit. [PAR] The writers of the RSV, NRSV"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This Day in Black History: Jan. 7, 1955 | Marian Anderson ... This Day in Black History: Jan. 7, 1955 | Marian Anderson | National News | BET [PAR] This Day in Black History: Jan. 7, 1955 [PAR] Share [PAR] THE QUAD [PAR] This Day in Black History: Jan. 7, 1955 [PAR] Marian Anderson became the first Black person to appear at the Metropolitan Opera in Verdi's Masked Ball in 1955. [PAR] Published January 7, 2013 [PAR] (Photo: Wikicommons via Library of Congress) [PAR] On January 7, 1955, Philadelphia-born singer Marian Anderson broke barriers when she became the first Black person to perform at the New York Metropolitan Opera as a regular company member. She played the role of Ulrica in Giuseppe Verdi's opera Un Ballo in Maschera (The Masked Ball). [PAR] Despite Anderson's talents early on in her career, her ascent to success was not without its obstacles. Most notable is the Daughters of American Revolution's refusal to allow Anderson to sing at Washington, D.C.'s Constitution Hall in 1939 due to segregation. Protests ensued and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, along with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Anderson's manager and the NAACP, arranged for an open-air concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday where she sang to a crowd of 75,000 people, not including those who tuned in via radio. [PAR] The celebrated contralto served as inspiration for artists struggling through racial prejudices and Anderson used her position to participate in the 1960's civil rights movement and sang at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. [PAR] Anderson received numerous recognitions including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, the National Medal of Arts in 1986, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1991. [PAR] [PAR] BET National News - Keep up to date with breaking news stories from around the nation, including headlines from the hip hop and entertainment world. Click here to subscribe to our newsletter. [PAR] Written by Dorkys Ramos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 10 First Australian Prime Ministers - Sean Rasmussen The 10 First Australian Prime Ministers [PAR] Aussie Internet Marketer | Blogger | Success Communicator [PAR] You are here: Home / Identity / The 10 First Australian Prime Ministers [PAR] The 10 First Australian Prime Ministers [PAR] January 26, 2009 By Sean Rasmussen 21 Comments [PAR] January 26: Australia Day. [PAR] Today is a day to be proud of our country and the people that put in a lot of work and effort for our rights and benefits that we enjoy. Although Australia was born as a nation on 1st January 1901, we celebrate it on January 26, being the commemoration of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 and the unfurling of the British flag at Sydney Cove. [PAR] Australia Day Education \u2013 Our Prime Ministers [PAR] As I have noticed, surprisingly, that Aussies are not taught a great deal of history in School (compared to other nations), I thought I\u2019d refresh our memories on who Australia\u2019s first Prime Ministers were. Today is a suitable day to honor those people who represented our first days as a nation. [PAR] The First 10 Aussie PM\u2019s \u2013 6 Men [PAR] 1 \u2013 Sir Edmund Barton [PAR] Sir Edmund Barton was the first prime minister of Australia [PAR] 1 January 1901 \u2013 24 September 1903 [PAR] Sir Edmund Barton became Australia\u2019s first Prime Minister on New Year\u2019s Day 1901 at a huge public ceremony in Centennial Park in Sydney. Barton had worked on Federation for 10 years, and became Australia\u2019s first Prime Minister because the supporters of Federation trusted him. [PAR] 2 \u2013 Alfred Deakin (+ 5 & 7) [PAR] Alfred Deakin was Australia\u2019s 2nd, 5th & 7th prime minister on these dates: [PAR] 24 September 1903 \u2013 27 April 1904 [PAR] 5 July 1905 \u2013 13 November 1908 [PAR] 2 June 1909 \u2013 29 April 1910 [PAR] Deakin was a lawyer who liked dabbling in politics. In the late nineteenth century, Deakin spent 20 years in colonial politics. With Edmund Barton, he spent ten years before Federation trying to convince the separate colonies to become one nation. [PAR] 3 \u2013 John Christian Watson [PAR] John Christian Watson was Australia\u2019s 3rd prime minister on these dates: [PAR] 27 April 1904 \u2013 17 August 1904 [PAR] Although he only served as Prime Minister for a little more than three months, Chris Watson played an important part in our history \u2013 he was the first leader of the Labor Party and the first Labor Prime Minister. [PAR] 4 \u2013 Sir George Houston Reid [PAR] Sir George Houston Reid was Australia\u2019s 4th prime minister: [PAR] 18 August 1904 \u2013 5 July 1905 [PAR] George Reid was Prime Minister for ten months and 17 days. He was our first federal Leader of the Opposition and the federal government\u2019s first High Commissioner to the UK. [PAR] 6 \u2013 Andrew Fisher (+ 8 & 10) [PAR] Andrew Fisher was Australia\u2019s 6th, 8th & 10th prime minister on these dates: [PAR] 13 November 1908 \u2013 2 June 1909 [PAR] 29 April 1910 \u2013 24 June 1913 [PAR] 17 September 1914 \u2013 27 October 1915 [PAR] Andrew Fisher was the most successful of our early Labor Prime Ministers because he became Prime Minister three times! His government started the Commonwealth Bank and introduced invalid pensions. [PAR] 9 \u2013 Sir Joseph Cook [PAR] Sir Joseph Cook was Australia\u2019s 9th prime minister [PAR] 24 June 1913 \u2013 17 September 1914 [PAR] When Joseph Cook was first involved in politics in the 1890s, he was a member of the Labor Party."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV Shows We Used To Watch - Crossroads 1964-88 | The ... TV Shows We Used To Watch - Crossroads 1964-88 | The sillies\u2026 | Flickr [PAR] Paul Townsend By: Paul Townsend [PAR] TV Shows We Used To Watch - Crossroads 1964-88 [PAR] The silliest TV soap ever! Wobbly sets, ludicrous plots, awful acting... but 50 years after its launch, fans are still devoted to Crossroads. [PAR] [PAR] www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8s26Pk-gkk [PAR] [PAR] The sets were famously wobbly, the characters notoriously flaky and the stories lurched from the unlikely to the downright bizarre. [PAR] [PAR] But the millions of viewers who checked in every weekday at the Crossroads motel for their five-times-a-week teatime fix couldn\u2019t have cared less. They loved every shambolic moment of it \u2014 fluffed lines, mistakes and all. [PAR] [PAR] Launched to fill a gap in the schedules 50 years ago, Crossroads ran for almost 5,000 episodes. Its first incarnation lasted until 1988, and it was revived \u2014 disastrously \u2014 for two years in 2001. [PAR] [PAR] At its peak in the Seventies, it pulled in 18 million viewers and was second only to Coronation Street. Its stars won viewers\u2019 polls and showbiz awards. [PAR] [PAR] However, not everyone was so enthralled. ITV\u2019s regulator, the Independent Broadcasting Authority, twice ordered it to cut its output, first to four, then three, episodes a week to improve its quality. The chairman, Lady Plowden, lamented that Crossroads was \u2018distressingly popular\u2019. [PAR] [PAR] It is, however, sadly missed these days, not least by its stars. Jane Asher, who played the motel\u2019s owner (and arch-bitch and sexual predator) Angel Samson, in the revived version, says she loved every minute of it. [PAR] [PAR] So much so, that she even posed in a bath of bubbles and discreetly placed rose petals, while sipping from a glass of Champagne to promote her motel. [PAR] [PAR] \u2018It was an iconic soap and greatly under-appreciated\u2019, she insists. \u2018I watched the original as a teenager, and could easily have got hooked on it. But I was more a fan of The Archers on the radio. But by the second time around the show had really had its day\u2019. [PAR] [PAR] Crossroads first opened its doors in November 1964 \u2014 set in the fictional King\u2019s Oak, Birmingham, and charging guests \u00a34 a night for each of its 18 rooms. The show, with the formidable Noele Gordon as the motel\u2019s matriarch, Meg Richardson, was scheduled to run for 30 episodes over six weeks. It was an immediate hit with viewers in spite of its visibly cheap production values. [PAR] [PAR] The budget was reported to be only \u00a310,000 for an entire week\u2019s five episodes, compared with the same amount spent on each episode of rival Coronation Street. The sets had been constructed out of flimsy canvas and board because they had never been meant to last for long. The highest-paid star was Gordon, whose salary was reportedly \u00a3200 a week. Some minor characters were persuaded to work for \u00a310 an episode on the grounds that the show would be good exposure for them. [PAR] [PAR] With such a demanding schedule, there was little time for scripts to be re-written and polished, still less for rehearsal, so everything had to be filmed in one take. The expense of editing out mistakes was so great, given the tiny budget, that the producers ordered them to be left in. [PAR] [PAR] Jane Rossington, who was in the show for 24 years as Meg\u2019s daughter, Jill, has the distinction of speaking the very first words in the opening episode, and the final words"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Squab - Poultry Hub Squab - Poultry Hub [PAR] Squab [PAR] Egyptian farmers raise more than 70% of the squabs on a global basis. Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Squab Production [PAR] Domesticated pigeons (Columbia livia domesticia) are raised for racing and ornamental purposes and for meat production mainly as young birds (squabs). The ancient Egyptians were one of the first to produce squabs for the table and this practice spread to Rome and Medieval Europe. Today, Egyptian farmers raise more than 70% of the squabs on a global basis. [PAR] They grow at a rapid rate and have a prodigious appetite, and depend on their parents to provide nourishment in the form of \u2018crop milk\u2019 which is stimulated by the hormone prolactin (as is also done by some other avian species such as some flamingos and penguins). The composition of the milk changes as the squab ages. Initially it is high in fat and protein with high levels of the essential amino acids. Production of crop milk declines and ceases in the female earlier than in the male which allows her to lay two more eggs and to incubate them, assisted by the male. [PAR] Eggs will hatch at 17 days. In a breeding season, which is September to January, one pair of pigeons will produce 12 to 15 squabs, each weighing about 500 g at 24 to 28 days of age when lactation has already ceased and they have full feather cover. Dressing out is about 350 g, although this will vary with the breed. The meat is dark in colour and similar to that of duck meat. [PAR] Squab Production in Australia [PAR] The industry has grown from about $6.2 million in 2002 to close to $11 million today. There an Australian Poultry Squab Producers Federation which has members in most of the states. These family-run farms typically have 500 to 1500 breeding pairs, which produce 6,000 to 12,000 squabs per year. Some rely on outside processing plants to process their squabs and others rely on other game bird producers to market their already processed squabs. They are held in breeding pens or lofts with wire mesh or solid floors with wood shavings and holding 20 to 30 pairs. The pen is either closed or with an open flight area depending on the climate. They are best suited to dry, temperate conditions. There are two raised nest boxes per pair to accommodate the two squabs still being fed and this also allows for the hen to incubate her eggs for the next hatch. [PAR] Pigeons are housed according to age. Young birds of similar age are kept together, as are first time breeders. [PAR] There are several different breeds, which are often cross breeds, used for squab farming but the White King (750 to 850 g) crosses from the United States are the most favoured. The slightly smaller Red Carneaux from France is also used in breeding programs. Breeding pigeons are left to their own devices when it comes to nest building and pine needles, straw or wood shavings are left in a pile in a rack. Pigeons are sexually mature at about seven to eight months. The female will breed for approximately eight years and the male for five years. Pigeons are usually given a choice of grains, legume seeds such as peas and whole or oil-extracted oil seeds with access to grit and minerals and vitamins. As their nutrient needs will vary with stage of lactation and when incubating eggs, the birds will alter their selection of feed ingredients. Some producers feed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Broken Leg : Get Facts on Therapy and Recovery Time Broken Leg: X-Rays, Therapy & Recovery Time [PAR] Broken Leg Pictures [PAR] Broken Leg Facts [PAR] The lower extremity, commonly referred to as the leg, contains four bones (the femur, the patella , the tibia, and the fibula) and bends at the hip, the knee, and the ankle. These bones may break ( fracture ) into two or more pieces. [PAR] If a broken bone has been exposed to the outside, either by a cut over the fracture, or by bone sticking out through the skin, it is called an open fracture. An open fracture is also referred to as a compound fracture . [PAR] A break in the leg may involve any of these bones: [PAR] The femur is the bone in the thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone of the body. The upper part of the femur fits into the pelvis to form the hip joint. At this joint, it can move frontward, backward, sideways, and rotate in and out. When people refer to a \"broken hip,\" it is this upper part of the femur that is broken. [PAR] The lower end of the femur rests on top of the tibia, forming the knee joint . At the knee, the leg can swing frontward, backward, and rotate slightly. [PAR] The kneecap (patella) glides back and forth in front of the knee joint. The kneecap suspends the ligaments from the thigh muscle and helps to add leverage for straightening out the leg. [PAR] The tibia is the shinbone and supports the body's weight. The fibula runs alongside the tibia below the knee. It is on the outside part of the leg and is smaller than the tibia. [PAR] The ankle is composed of the bottom ends of the tibia and fibula, the connecting foot bones, and the ligaments and tendons. Severe twisting injuries to the ankle can result in fractures of the tibia or fibula near or within the ankle joint. [PAR] Picture of the bones of the leg [PAR] Picture of the bones of the hip [PAR] Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 9/29/2016 [PAR] Medical Author:[DOC] [TLE] How Bones Break | ASU - Ask A Biologist How Bones Break | ASU - Ask A Biologist [PAR] Ask A Biologist [PAR] show/hide words to know [PAR] Calcium: a mineral which makes bones hard and strong. [PAR] Compound fracture: a broken bone that has broken through the skin, also known as an open fracture. [PAR] Immobilize: to prevent something from moving. [PAR] Impact fracture: a broken bone that was caused by a sudden impact. [PAR] Osteoporosis: a disease, usually only seen in elderly people, where bones become weak and are easily broken... more [PAR] Pathological fracture: when disease makes bones weak, causing them to break more easily than healthy bones. [PAR] Simple fracture: a broken bone that has not broken through the skin, also known as a closed fracture. [PAR] Stress fracture: broken bones that result from pressure on the same spot over long periods of time. [PAR] How do bones break? [PAR] Bones usually have no problem supporting your body as you go about your daily activities, including exercise and play. They are strong and flexible enough to absorb the light impact your body experiences during these activities. Once in a while, a bone is put under more stress than it can handle. When that happens, it breaks. A broken bone is called a fracture by doctors. There are three main types of fractures: stress fractures, impact fractures, and pathological fractures. [PAR] Stress over"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gold\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Gold\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] Element News [PAR] Gold: the essentials [PAR] Most metals are metallic grey or silvery white whereas gold is characteristically a metallic yellow colour, in other words gold-coloured. Caesium is also gold coloured. The gold colour seems related to relativistic effects of the outermost gold orbitals. [PAR] Small amounts of other metals alloyed with gold change the colour as well as mechanical properties such as hardness. White gold for jewellery is formed by mixing palladium, silver, or nickel with gold, although the result is green gold with certain proportions of silver. White gold is commonly used for wedding rings in the USA. Addition of some copper gives \"rose gold\", a soft pink colour. Remarkably other colours such as purple (a gold:aluminium alloy), blue (a gold:indium alloy) and even black (a gold:cobalt alloy) may be formed. [PAR] Gold is usually alloyed in jewellery to give it more strength, and the term carat describes the amount of gold present (24 carats is pure gold). It is estimated that all the gold in the world, so far refined, could be placed in a single cube 60 ft. on a side. It is metallic, with a yellow colour when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple. [PAR] CAS Registry ID : 7440-57-5 [PAR] It is the most malleable and ductile metal; 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to 300 square feet. It is a soft metal and is usually alloyed to give it more strength. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents. [PAR] Gold is readily available commercially and its price changes day by day and is one of the most widely tracked commercial prices. [PAR] The most common gold compounds are auric chloride (AuCl3) and chlorauric acid (HAuCl4). A mixture of one part nitric acid with three of hydrochloric acid is called aqua regia (because it dissolved gold, the King of Metals). It is unaffected by air and most reagents. It is found free in nature and associated with quartz, pyrite and other minerals. Two thirds of the world's supply comes from South Africa, and 2/3 of USA production is from South Dakota and Nevada. Gold is found in sea water, but no effective economic process has been designed (yet) to extract it from this source. [PAR] Gold Assay [PAR] It is critical from the public's perspective that there is confidence in the claimed purity of any particular item made from precious metals. This confidence is provided by an 'assay' (test and assess) of the precious metal content of that item. It is impossible to tell the precious metal content of any item simply by looking at it. Precious metals such as old, silver, and platinum are too soft to use alone for making jewellery, cutlery and other goods. Quite properly they must be alloyed with base metals (which happen to be cheap) for manufacturing. The assay protects the consumer by ensuring sure that not too much base metal was used. It also safeguards responsible manufacturers by providing an independent assessment of quality and content that in which the public has confidence. [PAR] There has been an \"Assay Office\" at Sheffield in England since 1773 when local silversmiths won the right from Parliament to assay silver in Sheffield. The 1773 Act of Parliament appointed 30 local men as 'Guardians of the Standard of Wrought Plate in the Town of Sheffield' to supervise the work of the Office. In 1773 Sheffield"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bruno Mars - Doo-Wops & Hooligans Album Lyrics | LyricsHall Bruno Mars - Doo-Wops & Hooligans Album Lyrics | LyricsHall [PAR] Album lyrics Bruno Mars [PAR] Release date: October 2010 [PAR] Doo-Wops & Hooligans is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter and producer Bruno Mars. It was released by Atlantic and Elektra Records on October 4, 2010. Mars' writing and production team The Smeezingtons were credited with writing all songs and serve as the album's executive producers. Doo-Wops & Hooligans debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and in the top ten in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Its title refers to doo-wop music and was chosen to reflect simplicity, as well as appeal to both males and females. [PAR] The usage of a wide variety of influences was noted by critics, with musical comparisons made to Michael Jackson and Jason Mraz. Many praised the songs' catchy nature, as well as their carefree lyrics. Two digital singles\u2014\"Liquor Store Blues\" featuring Damian Marley and \"Grenade\" \u2014were released to promote the album. Lead single \"Just the Way You Are\" was released on July 19, 2010 and topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks, going on to become an international top ten hit. \"Grenade\" was later announced as the second single, and has charted in the top twenty in Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the US. A US headlining tour accompanies the album, which started in November 2010, and is planned to run through the end of the year. [PAR] After the release of Mars' debut extended play, It's Better If You Don't Understand, the release of Doo-Wops & Hooligans was announced on August 25, 2010. Speaking to MTV News, Mars said the EP gave a \"nice effect of what's in store\" for the album. The album cover was officially released on August 30, 2010. The official track list was revealed by Atlantic Records on September 9, 2010. Three of the four songs from It's Better If You Don't Understand are included on the album. [PAR] On the title of the album, Mars said, \"I'm a big fan of doo-wop music. ... That's what you call your girl, your \"doo-wop.\" ... On this album, I have records that women are going to relate to and men are going to relate to. So doo-wops are for the girls, and hooligans are for the guys.\" In addition, he told 4Music, \"It explains the two sides of me. Doo-wop is a special form of music I grew up on. It's straight to the point, very simple. I have songs like that. ... I have that simple, romantic side of me but I'm also just a young, regular dude and that's like the hooligan side!\" [PAR] Doo-Wops & Hooligans saw its premiere on MySpace on September 24 and was released to digital retailers on October 4, then to stores on October 5, 2010. A deluxe edition was released that includes two more tracks: a remix of \"Just the Way You Are\" featuring Lupe Fiasco and \"Somewhere in Brooklyn\", originally from It's Better If You Don't Understand. The deluxe edition also includes the music videos of \"Just the Way You Are\" and \"The Other Side\". [PAR] In the United States, Doo-Wops & Hooligans debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 for the week of October 13, 2010, selling 55,000 copies. The album debuted the same week on the Canadian Albums Chart at number six. The next week, the album dropped to number twelve in the U.S., with sales of 27,000. The album peaked at number five in New Zealand, number seven"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ephebiphobia - The irrational fear of teenagers - Anti ... Ephebiphobia - The irrational fear of teenagers - Anti-school site [PAR] We'd really appreciate it if you could take this quick survey to help us figure out how to serve the needs of our visitors better. It's completely anonymous unless you provide contact info. Thanks! [PAR] Ephebiphobia - The irrational fear of teenagers [PAR] Yes, there's actually a phobia for teenagers, and it seems lots of people have it. [PAR] by Wikipedia.org [PAR] Ephebiphobia (from Greek 'ephebos' ?f?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd?? = teenager, underage adolescent and 'fobos' f?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd?? = fear, phobia), also known as hebephobia (from Greek 'hebe' (?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd?) = youth), denotes both the irrational fear of teenagers or of adolescence, and the prejudice against teenagers or underage adolescents. It is essentially a social phobia comparable to xenophobia or homophobia. [PAR] Definitions [PAR] Ephebiphobia can manifest in the following main categories : [PAR] * the irrational fear of being near, among or in the company of teenagers; [PAR] * the prejudice on the grounds of age (ageism) towards teenagers or underage adolescents, or the discrimination derived from this prejudice; [PAR] * the fear, prejudice, hatred, intolerance or discrimination referring to love relationships between adults and adolescents, either when it is the manifestation of ephebophilia, of ephebosexuality, or when it is none of them; [PAR] * the irrational fear, panic or hysteria, usually through the mass media (see culture of fear), relating to anything concerning the behavioral or social emancipation of underage adolescents (based on the belief that the adolescent's behavior is more appropriate for adults). [PAR] The concept encompasses the irrational fear of a wide variety of issues, ranging from teenage sexuality, teenage pregnancy, preteen pregnancy, and teen motherhood, to proposals to change the law and assure more youth rights, like reducing the voting age, the age of majority, the drinking age, the marriageable age, the age of consent, the age of candidacy, eliminating curfew laws or assuring more students rights. [PAR] Ageism against teenagers [PAR] Ageism is discrimination against a person or group on the grounds of age. Although theoretically the word can refer to the discrimination against any age group, ageism usually comes in one of two forms: discrimination against youth, and discrimination against the elderly. Ageism against youth is also known as \"Adultism\". [PAR] Some underage teenagers consider themselves victims of ageism and believe they should be treated more respectfully by adults and not as second-class citizens. Some complain that social stratification in age groups causes outsiders to incorrectly stereotype and generalize the group, to claim for instance that all adolescents are equally immature, violent or rebellious. Some have organized groups against ageism. [PAR] A growing number of sociologists address the issues of discrimination against youth, Adultism, and ephebiphobia as a digressive continuum for situating the conditions of adolescents throughout society. [PAR] Pathological forms of ephebiphobia [PAR] In extreme cases, pathological forms of ephebiphobia may be observed, especially when associated with violent acts (often but not always resulting in criminal acts). [PAR] Possible pathological behaviors include, among others, the following : [PAR] * incarcerating teenagers or underage adolescents at home for a long period of time, or through the use of handcuffs (in any period of time), usually to prevent them from going out to parties, to the mall, to the movie theatre or to any place where they could potentially develop a social or a love relationship; [PAR] * vigorously humiliating an underage adolescent in public; [PAR] * compulsively or obsessively hiding a pregnant teen or preteen from public observation (as if she had a contagious disease),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Doctors | What You Need to Know About Iatrophobia Fear of Doctors | What You Need to Know About Iatrophobia [PAR] Fear of Doctors | What You Need to Know About Iatrophobia [PAR] Search the site [PAR] Fear of Doctors | What You Need to Know About Iatrophobia [PAR] Find out if your fear of doctors is normal anxiety or something more concerning [PAR] By Lisa Fritscher [PAR] Updated March 28, 2016 [PAR] Iatrophobia, or fear of doctors, is surprisingly common today. Most of us do not particularly enjoy going to the doctor. From the often long waits to the cold, sterile environment to the possibility of a painful procedure, doctor visits can cause anxiety in nearly anyone. For some people, however, normal anxiety gives way to outright panic. [PAR] Iatrophobia or Normal Anxiety? [PAR] Since it is normal to be nervous before a doctor visit, it can be difficult to tell whether your symptoms constitute a full-blown phobia . [PAR] Only a qualified mental health professional can make this determination. However, a few signs may signify that your fear is out of proportion with normal anxiety towards doctors' visits. You may experience all, some or none of the following: [PAR] Obsessive Worrying [PAR] Normal anxiety is typically transitory. You might feel a wave of nervous when actively thinking about an upcoming appointment. You may feel stress on the way to the doctor\u2019s office or while sitting in the waiting room. However, you will not spend a great deal of time thinking about an upcoming visit, and you will be able to distract yourself from the anxiety if your fears are normal. [PAR] If you have iatrophobia, however, an upcoming doctor visit may be the source of endless worrying. You might find it difficult or impossible to focus on other things. Once you have reached the doctor\u2019s office, you are likely to experience feelings of panic and a sensation of being out of control. [PAR] You might sweat, shake or cry, or even refuse to enter the examination room. [PAR] Other Illness-Related Phobias [PAR] Many people with iatrophobia worry that they might need to see a doctor, even if no visits are currently scheduled. You might become obsessed with minor ailments, fearing that they will require medical treatment. [PAR] It is relatively common for iatrophobia to occur alongside hypochondriasis or nosophobia , which are both phobias of illness. [PAR] Postponing Doctor Appointments [PAR] Those who merely experience nervousness about doctor visits typically do not try to avoid them. If you have iatrophobia, however, you might find yourself putting off checkups, vaccinations and other routine care. You might suffer through even relatively serious illnesses on your own, rather than seeking professional treatment. [PAR] Dentophobia [PAR] Although either phobia can occur independently, dentophobia, or fear of dentists, often occurs alongside iatrophobia. It is common for dentists to trigger the same fears as those triggered by doctors of all types. [PAR] White Coat Hypertension [PAR] Although controversial, the phenomenon of white coat hypertension has been documented by numerous researchers. This occurs when the stress of seeing a doctor is enough to raise your blood pressure to a clinically significant level. Your blood pressure is normal when checked at home or in another setting, such as a health fair, but is high at the doctor\u2019s office. [PAR] Coping With Iatrophobia [PAR] Iatrophobia can be more difficult to treat than many other phobias due to the nature of the fear. While phobias can generally be treated with a combination of medications and therapy, many people with iatrophobia fear mental health professionals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 9 Unusual Phobias That People Really Have - Anxiety 9 Unusual Phobias That People Really Have - Anxiety [PAR] Anxiety [PAR] 9 Unusual Phobias That People Really Have [PAR] The HealthCentral Editorial Team Aug 28th, 2012 (updated Jun 30th, 2016) [PAR] Share [PAR] 1 of 10 [PAR] What are YOU afraid of? [PAR] President Franklin D. Roosevelt once said: \"...we have nothing to fear but fear itself.\" For many people, however, there are many other things to fear, some of them seemingly strange or unusual to other people who don't fear them. Here is a list of nine things that enough people are frightened of that experts have classified them as bonafide phobias. What's on your list? [PAR] 2 of 10 [PAR] Aphenphosmphobia [PAR] Aphenphosmphobia is the fear of being touched or of touching. For some people who have this phobia, the fear of touching or being touched is linked specifically to people of the opposite sex. In women, this fear is often linked to having experienced a sexual assault. Many boys who have been the victim of sexual abuse also report having this phobia. [PAR] 3 of 10 [PAR] Cacophobia [PAR] Cacophobia is an overwhelming and irrational fear of ugliness. A person who suffers from this phobia is not just afraid of ugly people -- they also fear any object or situation they perceive as ugly. Experts aren't sure what triggers this phobia, though as with all phobias, it is likely caused by some traumatic event that the sufferer has come to associate with ugliness. [PAR] 4 of 10 [PAR] Novercaphobia [PAR] People who have novercaphobia are afraid of their own stepmothers, whether as a result from a traumatic event with a stepmother or because of negative associations with any woman in this role. Children's fairy tales have not helped the image of stepmothers, experts say, since these tales often portray stepmothers as cruel, punishing, witch-like, or even murderous! [PAR] 5 of 10 [PAR] Vestiophobia [PAR] People who have vestiophobia have an irrational fear of clothing or of being clothed. This fear is so intense and overwhelming that sufferers will sometimes wear loose, oversized clothing in an effort to keep it off their skin. In extreme cases, they may withdraw completely from society so that they can remain unclothed. [PAR] 6 of 10 [PAR] Selenophobia [PAR] If you're a person who has an overwhelming fear of the moon, you suffer from the phobia known as selenophobia. Selenophobes also fear that the moon will trigger irrational or dangerous behaviors in other people. Selenophobia may be another phobia triggered by stories many of us heard when we were young, tale of nights with full moons that were filled with witchcraft, werewolves, and other supernatural happenings. [PAR] 7 of 10 [PAR] Though it may sound like a joke, hippopotomon- [PAR] strosesquippedalio- [PAR] phobia is the fear of long words! The word comes from a combination of the words sesquipedalian (which means \"a foot and a half long\"), monstrum (\"monster\"), and a misspelled form of hippopotamus. The combination is intended to make the word very, very long to better describe the phobia. [PAR] 8 of 10 [PAR] Pteronophobia [PAR] Pteronophobia is the overwhelming fear of feathers or of being tickled by a feather. Though this phobia may be caused by unpleasant experiences with feathers, it can also just be an irrational fear with no known triggering event. [PAR] 9 of 10 [PAR] Coulrophobia [PAR] Fear of clowns, or coulrophobia, is one of the more common of the \"unusual\" phobias. Psychologists say this phobia may stem from children's tendency to react strongly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phobias: The rationale behind irrational fears | Dean ... Phobias: The rationale behind irrational fears | Dean Burnett | Science | The Guardian [PAR] Brain flapping [PAR] Phobias: The rationale behind irrational fears [PAR] Phobias are very common, with many people admitting to being irrationally afraid of something. But where does this fear come from, and what can we do about it? [PAR] Even the most outlandish of fears can have a valid origin. Illustration by Simon Feeley [PAR] Friday 28 June 2013 02.30 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 28 June 2013 02.30 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Recently, this section featured an article about the tarantula Typhochlaena costae. While the piece was very interesting, this was likely lost on some readers, as it's difficult to focus on details while distracted by the sound of your own screaming. [PAR] Arachnophobia is one of the more well-known phobias and can be very potent. Searching the science section for some lunchtime reading is not the sort of activity that typically includes spiders, so to be suddenly confronted, apropos of nothing, by an image of a humungous tarantula probably caught many unawares. How many tablets/phones/laptops were ruined due to being hurled across the room in a panic? [PAR] Most would consider this an overreaction. Granted, there are many dangerous species of spider (I'd link to examples but can't find any without pictures, and I'm not a hypocrite) but the odds of encountering one are, in the UK at least, vanishingly small. And even then, the biggest spider is physically no match for a person; a rolled up newspaper is not considered a lethal weapon among humans. Arachnophobes substantially outnumber people who have been genuinely injured by spiders, and yet the irrational fear of spiders is commonplace. [PAR] What scares people often makes little logical sense. As I do stand-up comedy on occasion, I'm regularly told I'm \"incredibly brave\", yet all I'm doing is saying words in front of people. The people who tell me I'm brave think nothing of driving, an often fatal practice. But when you do genuinely fear something for no rational reason, then you may have a phobia . [PAR] Phobias are psychologically interesting. There are three possible types: specific phobias , social phobias and agoraphobia . Agoraphobia isn't just a fear of open spaces; it describes a fear of any situation where escape would be difficult and/or help wouldn't be forthcoming. The fact that most such situations occur outside the sufferer's home results in them not going out much, which is probably where the \"open spaces\" confusion comes from. [PAR] Specific phobias are probably the most recognised. Specific phobias are an irrational fear of a specific thing or situation. Specific phobias can be further subdivided into situational (eg claustrophobia), natural environment (eg acrophobia ), animal (eg the aforementioned arachnophobia) or blood-injection-injury types (eg \u2026 blood and injections, I guess). You could still have a phobia which doesn't fit any of these descriptors though. Maybe you've got an irrational fear of being categorised? If so, sorry. [PAR] Social phobias are where you have an irrational fear of how people will react to you in a situation. The fear of rejection or judgement from others is a powerful force for humans; much of how we think and behave is calibrated around the views and behaviours of others. There's a whole discipline about it. People value the views of others differently of course. One way to reduce the value you place on the opinions of strangers is to read the comments on the internet. Any comments,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thalassophobia, a jane and the dragon fanfic | FanFiction Thalassophobia, a jane and the dragon fanfic | FanFiction [PAR] By: Blackmoondragon1415 [PAR] Thalassophobia: [n] the fear of the ocean. Oneshot. Please R&R, [PAR] Rated: Fiction K - English - Friendship/Hurt/Comfort - Jane T., Dragon - Words: 3,007 - Reviews: 4 - Favs: 7 - Follows: 1 - Published: 5/5/2013 - Status: Complete - id: 9264560 [PAR] + - Full 3/4 1/2 Expand Tighten [PAR] Disclaimer: I don't own Jane and the Dragon. If I did, there would be more episodes than the meager number I currently have on my computer. [PAR] Thalassophobia: [PAR] Thalassophobia: the irrational fear of the ocean. [PAR] Ordinarily, when one thought of the ocean, they thought of calm, rolling waves and sea foam. Perhaps, if you were a sea man, you thought of rigging, sails, and long trips away from home. Yet neither of these ideas was going through the mind of the green reptile gliding nervously along the coast, coming down to the very edge of the shore as he let his friend dismount. [PAR] \"Look at it all, Dragon! Have you seen anything so magnificent?\" [PAR] \"Yes, my reflection flying over the lake, for one.\" Despite the typical sort of reply, a definite sense of tension had settled over the reptile's frame, and his eyes bored into the innocently lapping waves with something close to wary suspicion. [PAR] \"And such humility on your part!\" Jane fired back, turning to look at her reptilian companion. \"How about we go walking near the water?\" [PAR] \"Er, I-I think I will stay here. Plenty of sun, might as well catch a quick nap.\" Dragon ad-libbed, throwing in a fake yawn for good measure and settling down on the warm sand. He hadn't wanted to come here, of course, but he found himself unable to come up with a good reason to refuse Jane's idea. So now he was here of all places, hoping quietly that she wouldn't notice the fact that his wings were still taunt and tense, or that the serenely blue-green water would just stay right where it was. Particularly the last bit. [PAR] Thankfully if Jane had noticed anything wrong, she didn't comment. [PAR] \"Alright, Dragon. I'll go walk along the water then. You can stay here.\" [PAR] \"Champion.\" He replied, giving the red-head a grin before lowering his head to rest on his paws and closing his eyes. However, as he could hear the sounds of her footfalls moving away through the sand his head raised minutely, a hint of anxiety leaking into his gaze. \"Do not go too far, Jane.\" [PAR] \"Of course, Dragon.\" She answers, a hint of concern of her own glimmering for just a second at the odd shift in tone. But the green settles back down, so she sees no reason to pursue the issue, letting him get on with his nap as she meanders down the beach, occasionally stopping to glance and pick up a shell that has washed up on the shore. His eye remains partly open a moment longer to follow her progress, before closing to at least get some semblance of the calm he had been attempting to show earlier. In truth, the sight of the ocean had made him just a tad more uneasy than he cared to admit. [PAR] Though the sand was warm and the sun's heat soothing, making his mind sluggish and calm; sleep came easily enough afterwards. [PAR] He was flying through the air, the wind pushing invitingly at his wings and allowing him to climb and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leukophobia- Fear of the color white | Phobia Source Leukophobia- Fear of the color white | Phobia Source [PAR] Home \u00bb Phobia List [PAR] Leukophobia- Fear of the color white [PAR] The color white represents for most people purity, peace, cleanliness and may be associated with many things around us like the clouds in the sky, snow, a bride about to march down the aisle in and elegant white gown, or even just a clean piece of white paper. This color represents neutrality but there are some people who have an irrational fear of this color and this fear is called Leukophobia. [PAR] Most people with this phobia may have had a bad experience with snow such as a snowboarding accident, or getting your car covered with snow thus they associate this bad experience with anything that is colored white. Some women may fear getting married thus they dislike the color white because it reminds them of the picture of a bride. [PAR] People with this phobia usually have an obsessive personality and they are obsessed with their dislike of the color white, even if they know that this is senseless and baseless. Some may just hate this color for no reason at all. [PAR] Those with this phobia will wear colorful clothes, and live in a colorful house. They will try to avoid wearing white or being in white buildings. Symptoms of this phobia include symptoms of anxiety such as palpitations, tremors, restlessness, and feeling of being enclosed or trapped when inside a white room for instance. [PAR] Treatment includes behavioral therapy wherein one is taught not to fear the color white and address the root cause of the problem.[DOC] [TLE] leukophobia, leukophobia meaning, leukophobia treatment ... leukophobia, leukophobia meaning, leukophobia treatment, symptoms of leukophobia [PAR] leukophobia [PAR] leukophobia meaning, symptoms & treatment [PAR] Leukophobia means fear of the color white. It could be anything that is white or related to white from white shoes, white house, white car, white hat, and even white people, and in the winter it could be the fear of snow. People who suffer from leukophobia can become extremely distraught suffering from anxiety fear, and depression. [PAR] Phobia is an intense irrational fear, of something that in reality poses little or no actual danger. [PAR] One of the most common fears of white is the phobia of white people. It affects over 250,000 people in America alone. Interestingly, people of color may be afraid of white people in many countries. In the United States for example, white people or Caucasians, dominate the political and work landscape. They have the most common look. Others from different nationalities look differently and talk differently. These minorities may feel that they do not have the same opportunities as the white people. Thus they grow despondent and depressed, and may develop a leukophobic disposition. [PAR] People with leukophobia find themselves very uncomfortable in the presence of white people and will do anything to avoid them. [PAR] Similarly, people fearing anything else in white, could be in general or specific also experience panic and anxiety when confronted with the triggering object related to their fear, for e.g. I have known people who refused to even consume anything white like milk or milk products in white color, some others were found to be afraid of white snow during winter and showed severe anxiety symptoms whenever winter approached. [PAR] Causes [PAR] One of the causes could be conditional phobia. This was proved by an American Psychologist John Watson in 1920s.He had actually taught or made an 11yr old boy develop"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nosocomephobia - defined because the excessive worry of ... Nosocomephobia - defined because the excessive worry of hospitals | Phobia Source [PAR] Nosocomephobia \u2013 defined because the excessive worry of hospitals [PAR] Nosocomephobia comes from the the Greek language, nosokemeion- which means hospital and phobos being irrational fear. [PAR] Nosocomephobia is an overwhelming, irrational worry of hospitals. The nosocomephobic individual could refrain from going to the hospital out of concern of contracting illness or disease. Some people coping with this phobia might associate hospitals with tragic illnesses, accidents, even death. In its excessive form, the particular person compromised with Nosocomephobia will avoid visiting family members who have been hospitalized and/or will refuse to attend medical appointments scheduled on the hospital. [PAR] What Causes Nosocomephobia? [PAR] As is the case with all phobias, the particular person suffering with Nosocomephobia has skilled some tragedy at some time in their life. That traumatic expertise is then consistently and mechanically associated with hospitals. [PAR] Maybe the nosocomephobic person has suffered a serious injury or illness that resulted in hospitalization. Perhaps this individual has personal information of another person who was hospitalized and finally died. Maybe the individual compromised by Nosocomephobia is delicate to the antiseptic smell of hospitals or intensely squeamish around all of the medical gear in use at the hospital. Perhaps, this individual watched the damaging and fearful reactions of others when confronted with having to go to hospital and easily learned to imitate that response."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Phobia List The Phobia List [PAR] Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. [PAR] Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. [PAR] Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. [PAR] Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. [PAR] Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) [PAR] Androphobia- Fear of men. [PAR] Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) [PAR] Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. [PAR] Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. [PAR] Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. [PAR] Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. [PAR] Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. [PAR] Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. [PAR] Antlophobia- Fear of floods. [PAR] Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. [PAR] Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. [PAR] Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) [PAR] Apiphobia- Fear of bees. [PAR] Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. [PAR] Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. [PAR] Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. [PAR] Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. [PAR] Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty. [PAR] Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. [PAR] Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer. [PAR] Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart. [PAR] Carnophobia- Fear of meat. [PAR] Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed. [PAR] Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places. [PAR] Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting. [PAR] Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas. [PAR] Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) [PAR] Chaetophobia- Fear of hair. [PAR] Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia) [PAR] Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals. [PAR] Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety. [PAR] Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Chirophobia- Fear of hands. [PAR] Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera. [PAR] Chorophobia- Fear of dancing. [PAR] Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money. [PAR] Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors. [PAR] Chronophobia- Fear of time. [PAR] Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia) [PAR] Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces. [PAR] Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place. [PAR] Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing. [PAR] Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs. [PAR] Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed. [PAR] Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed. [PAR] Cnidophobia- Fear of stings. [PAR] Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions. [PAR] Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements. [PAR] Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations. [PAR] Dementophobia- Fear of insanity. [PAR] Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons. [PAR] Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia) [PAR] Dendrophobia- Fear of trees. [PAR] Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions. [PAR] Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease. [PAR] Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body. [PAR] Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes. [PAR] Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. [PAR] Dikephobia- Fear of justice. [PAR] Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools. [PAR] Diplophobia- Fear of double vision. [PAR] Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking. [PAR] Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone. [PAR] Disposophobia- Fear of throwing stuff out. Hoarding. [PAR] Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia) [PAR] Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals. [PAR] Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise. [PAR] Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets. [PAR] Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch. [PAR] Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity. [PAR] Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things. [PAR] Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. [PAR] Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed. [PAR] Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure. [PAR] Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. [PAR] Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology. [PAR] Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms. [PAR] Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Feet Phobia \u2013 Podophobia Fear of Feet Phobia \u2013 Podophobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Feet Phobia \u2013 Podophobia [PAR] Fear of Feet Phobia \u2013 Podophobia [PAR] To most people, the fear of feet phobia might sound weird or bizarre. However, Podophobia does exist and is quite a common specific phobia affecting many people across the globe. The word Podophobia originates from Greek \u2018Podos\u2019 meaning feet. [PAR] People with Podophobia tend to get upset at the sight of feet. Different people experience Podophobia differently: some do not like it when others look at their feet or touch them. Still others are anxious or afraid of their own feet. Many do not like to hear, read/talk about or even see their own feet. The phobia can be detrimental to the sufferer\u2019s health and well being, as, often, s/he refuses to remove shoes or socks preferring to keep them on even while sleeping. This can lead to fungal infections, allergies and other medical conditions. [PAR] Let us study the symptoms, causes and treatment for fear of feet phobia in detail. [PAR] Causes or origin of fear of feet phobia [PAR] Nobody knows for sure why the fear of feet occurs. [PAR] Some experts believe that a traumatic or negative experience in the past, which had something to do with feet, might have triggered this phobia. A child might remember being kicked over and over by an elder or sibling and hence come to hate or dislike feet intensely. In such cases, the Podophobe tends to get irritated, anxious or extremely frightened at the sight of other people\u2019s bare feet. [PAR] Some doctors believe that the fear might have been inherited or have genetic causes. Sometimes, it might simply exist without any explicable reasons. [PAR] Painful foot conditions like bunions, hammertoe etc can also lead to fearing pain of the feet. In some cases, these conditions can be linked to Podophobia. [PAR] Generally speaking, people who tend to be high strung, overly anxious or are having some kind of adrenal deficiency might also acquire Podophobia. [PAR] Symptoms of Podophobia [PAR] As is the case with other phobias, Podophobia can also be persistent. The sufferer might experience many physical or psychological symptoms despite knowing that feet are not harmful or dangerous. Yet, s/he is absolutely powerless to overcome the symptoms: [PAR] Shortness of breath or accelerated heartbeat and palpitations at the sight of or thought about feet [PAR] Extreme fear or anxiety that leads to constant movie-like images about feet in the phobic\u2019s mind [PAR] Sweating, shaking or trembling"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Commitment Phobia \u2013 Gamophobia Fear of Commitment Phobia \u2013 Gamophobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Commitment Phobia \u2013 Gamophobia [PAR] Fear of Commitment Phobia \u2013 Gamophobia [PAR] Gamophobia is the fear of commitment, though it can also be the excessive, persistent, uncontrollable and irrational fear of marriage. It is derived from the Greek word Gamos which means marriage and phobos meaning fear. However, many experts agree that there is a subtle difference between the fear of marriage and the fear of commitment phobia. A person might be afraid of getting married but s/he might still remain committed to a single partner for life. [PAR] Gamophobia is not just having \u201ccold feet\u201d at the thought of marriage; it is the morbid fear at the idea of committing for life. Such a fear is described as being \u2018parallel to the fear of dying\u2019. People who suffer from this phobia prefer being bachelors/spinsters for life, or staying in a committed relationship without ever tying the knot. [PAR] Causes of fear of commitment phobia [PAR] As with any other specific phobia, Gamophobia is also caused by an intense negative experience in the past. It traumatizes the suffering individual to an extent to which s/he \u2018learns\u2019 to dread commitments. One creates negative images or movie stills in mind about marriage. [PAR] Often, factors like heredity, genetics, adrenal insufficiency, having a tendency towards anxiety attacks or being \u2018high strung\u2019 can also cause a fear of commitment phobia. [PAR] Symptoms of Gamophobia [PAR] A person with the fear of commitment phobia displays many psychological and emotional symptoms at the thought or subject of marriage/commitment: [PAR] Psychological symptoms include: [PAR] Feeling of dread or terror at the thought of marriage. [PAR] The person goes to great lengths to avoid the topic. S/he may experience uncontrollable anxiety that makes it difficult for the person to function normally. [PAR] The individual understands that such fear is irrational but is powerless to control it. [PAR] Really bad thoughts, movie stills or negative images are likely. [PAR] Feeling of losing control or going crazy are also experienced by Gamophobes. [PAR] Physical symptoms of the fear of commitment are: [PAR] Trembling[DOC] [TLE] Gamophobia: Fear of Marriage - Causes, Symptoms and ... Gamophobia: Fear of Marriage - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Healthtopia [PAR] Blog [PAR] Gamophobia: Fear of Marriage - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment [PAR] Marriage is a scared bond that binds two individuals together. While many people wait their whole life to be together forever with the person they love, the story may be different for some others. For some people however, the boundations of marriage are scary as hell. Any such irrational fear of getting married or committed is known as gamophobia. [PAR] It has been derived from Greek word \u201cgamos\u201d meaning marriage. Gamophobia is signified by intense, irrelevant and constant fear of marriage and commitment. The person is specifically scared to get into a marriage which implies spending the whole life with a single person. A gamophobic person\u2019s fear of marriage is similar to the fear of dying. A gamophobic person may be in relationship with someone, but drift away and get nervous if the topic of marriage comes up. This phobia is totally different from Anuptaphobia (fear of being single) and Philophobia (fear of falling in love). [PAR] What Causes Gamophobia? [PAR] Gamophobia is a common phobia that occurs in people, especially men. Men tend to fear marriage due to the personal, financial and social risks that come along with marriage. Thus, gamophobia can be caused by: [PAR] Personal Insecurity"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthrophobia- Fear of flowers | Phobia Source Anthrophobia- Fear of flowers | Phobia Source [PAR] Home \u00bb Phobia List [PAR] Anthrophobia- Fear of flowers [PAR] Anthophobia (from Greek roots anthos, flower, and phobos, fear) is an abnormal, irrational, intense and persistent fear of flowers. Though sufferers generally understand that they face no threat from flowers, they invariably experience anxiety at the sight or thought of them. There is no specific flower which causes this fear. Any genus or species of flowers can instil fear, so can any flower part such as a petal or stem. [PAR] Anthophobia is usually caused by traumatic experience in the past that is linked emotionally to flowers. Many times, anthophobia is not caused by an actual event but triggered by harmless events at a very young age, like watching movies and TV, or perhaps seeing someone else getting hurt like being pricked with the thorn of a rose or another flower. [PAR] Another source of this fear is an allergic reaction to a certain flower thus causing the person to avoid flowers in general, and be scared even at the mere thought of flowers. In those who believe in Tarot Cards, they are aware that the Grim Reaper which symbolizes death carries a white rose and any thought of this particular flower can cause them great unease. [PAR] Symptoms include dizziness, palpitations, nausea, restlessness when presented with a flower. They might avoid events that they know will have flowers such as weddings or funerals, and will avoid going to the garden. [PAR] Treatment involves psychotherapy and is usually enough for most people. Medications are rarely needed.[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Flowers Phobia \u2013 Anthophobia Fear of Flowers Phobia \u2013 Anthophobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Flowers Phobia \u2013 Anthophobia [PAR] Fear of Flowers Phobia \u2013 Anthophobia [PAR] The extreme, often irrational fear of flowers is called Anthophobia. The word Anthophobia is a combination of two Greek words namely anthos meaning flowers and phobos meaning fear or deep aversion. [PAR] Often the excessive fear of flowers is confused with the fear of nature. However, Anthophobia is different in that; the sufferer is mainly only afraid of flowers and not of trees or plants. Majority of Anthophobic individuals however still tend to stay away from nature, especially from flowering plants and trees. But they usually remain morbidly afraid of flowers only. As such, the phobia of flowers is rare and affects only a few people from around the world. [PAR] Causes of fear of flowers [PAR] Like most fears, the extreme fear of flowers is a learnt experience. Repeated events related to flowers, such as bees or wasps stinging a child (owing to flowers in the garden) can make the child learn negative things about flowers. This creates negative thinking patterns in the child\u2019s mind. Just like a child will be afraid of touching a hot object after having burnt its hands, the fear of flowers gets permanently etched on the child\u2019s mind. [PAR] Flowers are often associated with funerals. A child who has lost a family member can suddenly develop an excessive fear of flowers due to such traumatic events. Sometimes, the mere presence of flowers while watching a horror movie could lead to a permanent fear of flowers. [PAR] Some cases of Anthophobia are inexplicable; a person develops the fear suddenly and forgets the root cause of why it arose in the first place. The irresistible fear then becomes a part of the individual\u2019s personality and, like a reflex action, one simply cannot control it. [PAR] People with severe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Irrational anger - definition of Irrational anger by The ... Irrational anger - definition of Irrational anger by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Irrational anger - definition of Irrational anger by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Irrational+anger [PAR] A strong feeling of displeasure or hostility. [PAR] v. an\u00b7gered, an\u00b7ger\u00b7ing, an\u00b7gers [PAR] v.tr. [PAR] To make angry; enrage or provoke. [PAR] v.intr. [PAR] To become angry: She angers too quickly. [PAR] [Middle English, from Old Norse angr, sorrow; see angh- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] Synonyms: anger , rage , fury , ire , wrath , resentment , indignation [PAR] These nouns denote varying degrees of marked displeasure. Anger, the most general, is strong and often heated displeasure: shook her fist in anger; retorted in anger at the insult; tried to suppress his anger over the treatment he had received. [PAR] Rage and fury imply intense, explosive, often destructive emotion: smashed the glass in a fit of rage; lashed out in fury at the lies her opponent had spread. [PAR] Ire is a term for anger most frequently encountered in literature: \"The best way to escape His ire / Is, not to seem too happy\" (Robert Browning). [PAR] Wrath applies especially to a powerful anger that seeks vengeance or punishment: \"[He] was arrested and was spared the awful wrath of my pistol-whipping uncles\" (Maya Angelou). [PAR] Resentment refers to indignant smoldering anger generated by a sense of grievance: deep resentment among the workers that eventually led to a strike. [PAR] Indignation is righteous anger at something wrongful, unjust, or evil: \"public indignation about takeovers causing people to lose their jobs\" (Allan Sloan). [PAR] anger [PAR] (\u02c8\u00e6\u014b\u0261\u0259) [PAR] n [PAR] a feeling of great annoyance or antagonism as the result of some real or supposed grievance; rage; wrath [PAR] vb [PAR] (tr) to make angry; enrage [PAR] [C12: from Old Norse angr grief; related to Old English enge, Old High German engi narrow, Latin angere to strangle] [PAR] an\u2022ger [PAR] (\u02c8\u00e6\u014b g\u0259r) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. a strong feeling of displeasure and belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong; wrath. [PAR] 2. Obs. grief; trouble. [PAR] 3. to arouse anger or wrath in. [PAR] v.i. [PAR] 4. to become angry. [PAR] [1150\u20131200; < Old Norse angra to grieve, derivative of angr grief; akin to Old High German angust, Latin angor anguish] [PAR] syn: anger , indignation , rage , fury describe deep and strong feelings aroused by injury, injustice, etc. anger is the general term for sudden violent displeasure accompanied by an impulse to retaliate: insults that provoked a burst of anger. indignation , a more formal word, implies deep and justified anger, often directed at something unworthy: The scandal aroused public indignation. rage is vehement, uncontrolled anger: rage at being fired from a job. fury is rage so great that it resembles insanity: He smashed his fist against the wall in a drunken fury. [PAR] Anger [PAR] Anger \u2026 flowing out of me like lava \u2014Diane Wakoski [PAR] Anger \u2026 hard, like varnished wood \u2014Lynne Sharon Schwartz [PAR] Anger \u2026 hot as sparks \u2014Wallace Stegner [PAR] Anger is a short madness \u2014Horace [PAR] Anger is as useless as the waves of the ocean without wind \u2014Chinese proverb [PAR] Anger like wind is like a stone cast into a wasp\u2019s nest \u2014Malabar proverb [PAR] Anger like a scar disfiguring his face \u2014William Gass [PAR] Anger like grief, is a mark of weakness; both mean being wounded and wincing \u2014Marcus Aurelius [PAR] Anger \u2026 like Mississippi thunderstorms, full of noise and lightning, but once it passed, the air was cleared"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Phobia List The Phobia List [PAR] Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. [PAR] Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. [PAR] Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. [PAR] Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. [PAR] Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) [PAR] Androphobia- Fear of men. [PAR] Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) [PAR] Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. [PAR] Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. [PAR] Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. [PAR] Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. [PAR] Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. [PAR] Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. [PAR] Antlophobia- Fear of floods. [PAR] Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. [PAR] Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. [PAR] Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) [PAR] Apiphobia- Fear of bees. [PAR] Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. [PAR] Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. [PAR] Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. [PAR] Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. [PAR] Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty. [PAR] Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. [PAR] Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer. [PAR] Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart. [PAR] Carnophobia- Fear of meat. [PAR] Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed. [PAR] Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places. [PAR] Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting. [PAR] Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas. [PAR] Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) [PAR] Chaetophobia- Fear of hair. [PAR] Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia) [PAR] Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals. [PAR] Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety. [PAR] Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Chirophobia- Fear of hands. [PAR] Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera. [PAR] Chorophobia- Fear of dancing. [PAR] Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money. [PAR] Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors. [PAR] Chronophobia- Fear of time. [PAR] Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia) [PAR] Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces. [PAR] Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place. [PAR] Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing. [PAR] Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs. [PAR] Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed. [PAR] Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed. [PAR] Cnidophobia- Fear of stings. [PAR] Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions. [PAR] Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements. [PAR] Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations. [PAR] Dementophobia- Fear of insanity. [PAR] Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons. [PAR] Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia) [PAR] Dendrophobia- Fear of trees. [PAR] Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions. [PAR] Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease. [PAR] Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body. [PAR] Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes. [PAR] Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. [PAR] Dikephobia- Fear of justice. [PAR] Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools. [PAR] Diplophobia- Fear of double vision. [PAR] Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking. [PAR] Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone. [PAR] Disposophobia- Fear of throwing stuff out. Hoarding. [PAR] Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia) [PAR] Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals. [PAR] Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise. [PAR] Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets. [PAR] Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch. [PAR] Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity. [PAR] Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things. [PAR] Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. [PAR] Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed. [PAR] Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure. [PAR] Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. [PAR] Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology. [PAR] Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms. [PAR] Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear of The Number 13 Phobia \u2013 Triskaidekaphobia Fear of The Number 13 Phobia \u2013 Triskaidekaphobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of The Number 13 Phobia \u2013 Triskaidekaphobia [PAR] Fear of The Number 13 Phobia \u2013 Triskaidekaphobia [PAR] Triskaidekaphobia is persistent, irrational and unwarranted fear of the number 13. This number has always been associated with something negative or evil: Jesus\u2019 famous Last supper had 13 guests, the 13th being the same one who betrayed Him. People with Triskaidekaphobia are called Triskaidekaphobes. They tend to experience severe anxiety at the thought or sight of this number. As a result, they might refuse to step out of their homes on the 13th day of each month or avoid anything that has to do with it. In many cases, this fear can be deeply debilitating. [PAR] Even more common is the fear of number 13 that arrives on a Friday. This fear or phobia associated with Friday the 13th is termed as Paraskevidekatriaphobia. . In France, King Philip IV was known to have conducted raids, arrested and tried the templar knights on charges of blasphemy, homosexuality etc on October 13th 1307, which happened to be a Friday. Friday the 13th has hence been known to be associated with many urban legends. [PAR] There are many superstitious beliefs associated with Friday as well: it is believed that evil arises on this day, especially because Lord Jesus\u2019 crucifixion took place on a Friday. People are hence known to avoid gambling or buying lottery tickets on this day. (However, contrary evidence has actually shown that many lucky winners have won millions of dollars playing the lottery on Friday the 13th and children born on Friday the 13th are actually considered blessed in some cultures). Hence, in many cultures, people host Friday the 13th parties to celebrate the day. In Brazil however, Friday the 13th in August is considered very \u2018harmful or dangerous\u2019 since August rhymes with \u2018desgosto\u2019 or sorrow. [PAR] Thus, across the world, there are many beliefs and associations with the number 13 and Friday, and not all of them are good or positive. [PAR] Causes of Triskaidekaphobia [PAR] Whatever is the source or trigger of fear of the number 13, it is now known that logical and systematic thought has limits. The phobic often knows his fear is irrational and unwarranted, yet he is powerless to control it. [PAR] As stated above, the fear of the number 13 is deeply rooted in humans due to traditions as well as its Biblical association. Judas, who betrayed Jesus ultimately and led to His subsequent death, was believed to have been the 13th Apostle present at the Last Supper. [PAR] In modern culture, the fear of the number 13 might be instigated further by airlines and hotels since many refuse to use this number while numbering their aisles, floors, rooms etc. [PAR] A negative or traumatic event occurring in someone\u2019s life on the 13th day of the month might also trigger Triskaidekaphobia. [PAR] Movies, news reports, and books on this topic can all enhance this fear. [PAR] The phobia might also be associated with other phobias like Thanatophobia, Agoraphobia etc. People already suffering from anxiety or panic disorders are more likely to experience Triskaidekaphobia [PAR] Symptoms of fear of the number 13 phobia [PAR] Symptoms of this phobia may be emotional, mental or physical. There is a constant movie or negative stills playing in the phobic\u2019s mind. [PAR] The Triskaidekaphobe will try to avoid anything that has to do with this number. [PAR] S/he experiences deep anxiety or dread at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia - Wiktionary hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia - Wiktionary [PAR] hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia [PAR] hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia (common misspelling, perhaps on purpose, to make the word even longer) [PAR] Etymology [PAR] From hippopotomonstrosesquipedalian , an extension of sesquipedalian with monstrum \u200e(\u201cmonster\u201d) and a truncated, misspelled form of hippopotamus (intended to exaggerate the length of the word itself and the idea of the size of the words being feared), +\u200e -phobia . [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Hyphenation: hip\u2027po\u2027po\u2027to\u2027mon\u2027stro\u2027ses\u2027qui\u2027pe\u2027dal\u2027i\u2027o\u2027pho\u2027bi\u2027a [PAR] Noun [PAR] (humorous) The fear of long words . [PAR] Ben suffers from hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia so he seldom uses words of more than three syllables.\u200e [PAR] 2002 April 19, anonymous, [PAR] The Scotsman [PAR] , page 13: [PAR] However, we assume that despite the best endeavours of science, some phobias will always remain. These include paraskavedekatriaphobia, or fear of Friday the 13th. And hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia, which is fear of long words. [PAR] 2002 December 14, Chris Lloyd, [PAR] The Northern Echo [PAR] Those who find this column troubling are suffering from hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia- the fear of long words. Or, more likely, rupophobia - a fear of rubbish. [PAR] 2005 September 30, D. Harlan Wilson, [PAR] Pseudo-City [PAR] , page 183 : [PAR] Coincidentally there is a masochistic PCP with hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia (fear of long words) curled up in an alleyway across the street. He has been whispering \u201cAntidisestablishmentarianism\u201d to himself over and over for two days now, experiencing up to one orgasm every three hours as a result of The Pain [\u2026] [PAR] Usage notes [PAR] It is unlikely that this 15-syllable contrivance is ever used purely for its meaning. The term sesquipedalophobia is recognized in formal writing, while the four-syllable phrase fear of long words is certainly worth considering. [PAR] Synonyms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jamaica: The Rastafarian Movement | Global Exchange Jamaica: The Rastafarian Movement | Global Exchange [PAR] The Rastafarian Movement [PAR] Introduction to the Rastafari Phenomenon [PAR] By Nathaniel Samuel Murrell [PAR] [PAR] Seldom has such a relatively small cultural phenomenon as Rastafari attracted so much attention from young people, the media, and scholars in the fields of religion, anthropology, politics, and sociology. The signature long, natty dreads on the heads of Rastafarians, who fearlessly chant down Babylon (Western political and economic domination and cultural imperialism) with the help of reggae music, make Rastafari a highly visible movement and \"one of the most powerful cultural forces among youths in Jamaica\" and in countries around the world where one least expects to find elements of Afro-Caribbean culture. Between the 1930s and the 1950s, few people bothered to study the significance of the political and ideological concepts in Rastafarian culture. Even Jamaicans who may have understood the philosophy of the movement regarded Rastafari as another passing fad, which would die a natural death once the novelty wore off. Former Rastafarian and practicing psychologist Leahcim Tefani Semaj noted that during this phase of the movement, the dominant public opinion toward the Rastafarians was \"The damn Rasta dem, wey de Rasta dem want, we just put dem in a damn boat and put dem out in the sea and sink the boat-say dem want go Africa!\" [PAR] [PAR] Prior to the 1970s, images of the unsanitary-looking, marijuana-smoking \"Natty Dread\" with unkempt dreadlocks, often controlling crime-infested streets of Kingston, New York City, or London were the most common perceptions of Rastafarian culture. These stereotypes still persist today among some people in the Caribbean, the United States, and Great Britain. Since the early 1970s, however, Rastafari (the movement's self-styled name) has been recognized not only as one of the most popular Afro-Caribbean religions of the late twentieth century, gaining even more popularity than Voodoo, but also as one of the leading cultural trends in the world; as such, it demands attention from those who study the religions of people who live at the economic and political margins of Western society. A June 1997 estimate puts the number of practicing Rastafarians worldwide at one million with more than twice that number of sympathizers and many million more reggae fans. Given its humble beginnings and the unfriendly climate in which Rastafari was born, none of its founders could have dreamed of such international exposure and acceptance. [PAR] [PAR] What is it about this movement-developing in the slums of West Kingston, Jamaica- that makes it so appealing to people of very different nationalities, ethnic backgrounds, socioeconomic standings, and academic interests? Rastafari has invited myriad questions in popular culture and the academy, especially as part of the recent surge of interest in this once \"insignificant\" twentieth-century phenomenon. Among the issues addressed herein are the basic doctrinal beliefs of Rastafarians and how they differ from Christian beliefs; why Rastafarians are so hostile to Christianity but so dependent on Christian traditions in developing their ideology, teachings, and cultic practices; whether a relationship exists between Rastafari and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and how African Rastafari is; what inspired Rastas in the first place to make Haile Selassie such a towering figure and deity in the movement, and whether his divinity and kingship are still central to Rastafarian thought; what the role of women is in this overtly patriarchal and \"chauvinist\" movement; whether the Rastafarians are a religious group or a political organization, dopers supporting (or running) drug cartels under the guise of religion or authentic religious devotees; whether Rastas are anti-white prophets, preaching"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mint countries: Next economic giants? - BBC News The Mint countries: Next economic giants? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] The Mint countries: Next economic giants? [PAR] 6 January 2014 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Building an Ikea for the 28 million people living in greater Jakarta [PAR] In 2001 the world began talking about the Bric countries - Brazil, Russia, India and China - as potential powerhouses of the world economy. The term was coined by economist Jim O'Neill, who has now identified the \"Mint\" countries - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey - as emerging economic giants. Here he explains why. [PAR] So what is it about the so-called Mint countries that makes them so special? Why these four countries? [PAR] A friend who has followed the Bric story noted sardonically that they are probably \"fresher\" than the Brics. What they really share beyond having a lot of people, is that at least for the next 20 years, they have really good \"inner\" demographics - they are all going to see a rise in the number of people eligible to work relative to those not working. [PAR] This is the envy of many developed countries but also two of the Bric countries, China and Russia. So, if Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey get their act together, some of them could match Chinese-style double-digit rates between 2003 and 2008. [PAR] Something else three of them share, which Mexican Foreign Minister Jose Antonio Meade Kuribrena pointed out to me, is that they all have geographical positions that should be an advantage as patterns of world trade change. [PAR] Find out more [PAR] Listen to the first episode of MINT: The Next Economic Giants on BBC Radio 4 on Monday 6 January from 09:00 GMT [PAR] MINT: The next economic giants [PAR] For example, Mexico is next door to the US, but also Latin America. Indonesia is in the heart of South-east Asia but also has deep connections with China. [PAR] And as we all know, Turkey is in both the West and East. Nigeria is not really similar in this regard for now, partly because of Africa's lack of development, but it could be in the future if African countries stop fighting and trade with each other. [PAR] This might in fact be the basis for the Mint countries developing their own economic-political club just as the Bric countries did - one of the biggest surprises of the whole Bric thing for me. I can smell the possibility of a Mint club already. [PAR] What I also realised after talking to Meade Kuribrena, is that the creation of the Mint acronym could spur pressure for Nigeria to become a member of the G20, as the other Mints already are. [PAR] This was something the charismatic Nigerian finance minister, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala was keen to talk about: \"We know our time will come,\" she said. \"We think they are missing something by not having us.\" [PAR] Meade Kuribrena went so far as to suggest that, as a group of four countries, the Mints have more in common than the Brics. I am not sure about that, but it is an interesting idea. [PAR] Economically three of them - Mexico, Indonesia and Nigeria - are commodity producers and only Turkey isn't. This contrasts with the Bric countries where two - Brazil and Russia - are commodity producers and the other two - China and India - aren't. [PAR] In terms of wealth, Mexico and Turkey are at about the same level, earning annually about $10,000 (\u00a36,100) per head."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peregrine Falcon, Identification, All About Birds ... Peregrine Falcon, Identification, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology [PAR] Typical Voice [PAR] Size & Shape [PAR] Peregrine Falcons are the largest falcon over most of the continent, with long, pointed wings and a long tail. Be sure to look at shape as well as size\u2014long primary feathers give the Peregrine a long-winged shape. As with most raptors, males are smaller than females, so Peregrines can overlap with large female Merlins or small male Gyrfalcons. [PAR] Color Pattern [PAR] Adults are blue-gray above with barred underparts and a dark head with thick sideburns. Juveniles are heavily marked, with vertical streaks instead of horizontal bars on the breast. Despite considerable age-related and geographic variation, an overall steely, barred look remains. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] Peregrine Falcons catch medium-sized birds in the air with swift, spectacular dives, called stoops. In cities they are masterful at catching pigeons. Elsewhere they feed especially on shorebirds and ducks. They often sit on high perches, waiting for the right opportunity to make their aerial assault. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Look for Peregrine Falcons perching or nesting on skyscrapers, water towers, cliffs, power pylons, and other tall structures. If a mudflat full of shorebirds and ducks suddenly erupts from the ground, scan the skies. A Peregrine (or Merlin) is probably in the area. Peregrines can be seen all over North America, but they are more common along coasts."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Song of the South | film by Foster and Jackson [1946 ... Song of the South | film by Foster and Jackson [1946] | Britannica.com [PAR] Song of the South [PAR] film by Foster and Jackson [1946] [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Star Wars [PAR] Song of the South, American semianimated musical film , released in 1946 by the Disney Company , that is rarely aired or shown in the United States because of controversial \u201cracial\u201d aspects of the film . [PAR] Based on the Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris , the film is set in the American South of the latter half of the 19th century and traces the adventures of a little boy, Johnny (played by Bobby Driscoll), who moves with his family from Atlanta to a rural plantation. After his parents argue and his father goes back to Atlanta, Johnny runs away from home. He befriends Uncle Remus ( James Baskett ), who can seemingly communicate with animals and charms him with fascinating tales (told in animation) of the quick-witted Brer Rabbit . Uncle Remus\u2019s stories always have morals that Johnny applies to his life. [PAR] Song of the South introduced the famous song \u201c [PAR] Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah , [PAR] \u201d which won an Academy Award . Baskett was also awarded an honorary Academy Award \u201cfor his able and heart-warming characterization of Uncle Remus, friend and story teller to the children of the world, in Walt Disney\u2019s Song of the South.\u201d Although the film was a box-office success, it was disparaged by some critics and such African American organizations as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for the character of Uncle Remus, who was seen as subservient and demeaning to African Americans. The film was also criticized for its depiction of 19th-century Southern life, in which simple African Americans happily work for white plantation owners. The Disney Company rereleased the film theatrically on several occasions, most recently in 1986, but has since withheld it and has never released it in the United States on home video. [PAR] Production notes and credits[DOC] [TLE] Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah (Original) - YouTube Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah (Original) - YouTube [PAR] Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah (Original) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 24, 2012 [PAR] The hit song from From Walt Disney's \"Song of the South\" released in 1946 was \"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah\", which won the 1947 [PAR] Academy Award for Best Song and is frequently used as part of Disney's montage themes, and which has become widely used [PAR] in popular culture. The film inspired the Disney theme park attraction Splash Mountain. The film was a combination of live action [PAR] and animation. Disney hired vaudeville and radio actor James Baskett to portray Uncle Remus."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ballet: the secret lives of dancers - Telegraph Ballet: the secret lives of dancers - Telegraph [PAR] Dance [PAR] Ballet: the secret lives of dancers [PAR] They were once the toast of society. But modern-day corps de ballet endure punishing working hours, crippling injuries, terrible pay and little job security. Then why do it? Richard Johnson spent a day with the Royal Ballet\u2019s finest to find out . [PAR] [PAR] Royal Ballet principal dancers Lauren Cuthbertson, Rupert Pennefather and Mara Galeazzi Photo: WANG WEI [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 3 [PAR] To the pointe: Lauren Cuthbertson in the pointe room at the Royal Opera House Photo: WANG WEI [PAR] [PAR] Royal Ballet principal dancers Lauren Cuthbertson, Rupert Pennefather and Mara Galeazzi Photo: WANG WEI [PAR] By Richard Johnson [PAR] 3:26PM BST 29 Jun 2009 [PAR] Rupert Pennefather, a principal dancer at the Royal Ballet, lights a cigarette and holds it \u2013 self-consciously \u2013 in his right hand. He mutters something about ballet being 'a different kind of fitness' \u2013 anaerobic rather than aerobic \u2013 but, clearly, he isn't convinced. 'Actually,' he says, 'I'm rehearsing Giselle at the moment and I do get a bit puffy.' Which explains why he's only bought a pack of 10. 'You always give up quicker with a pack of 10,' he says. [PAR] Pennefather is on the balcony of the Royal Ballet building, looking down onto the piazza of Covent Garden. He's in for morning class. It's like they say \u2013 miss class for one day, you notice; miss class for two days, your colleagues notice; miss class for three days, your audience notices. That's all hypothetical since the New York City Ballet announced that, because of the economic climate, they were laying off dancers. These days, nobody misses class. Not any more. [PAR] Of course, it wasn't always like that. And nor was Pennefather. 'When I first joined the Royal Ballet,' he says, 'I was 18. And going out a lot. I would come in for class and wouldn't be able to remember what I was doing \u2013 I wouldn't even be able to lift the girls.' As he speaks, he watches the rest of the dancers inside \u2013 stretching, intently. 'But I grew up quickly. I had to, because life in the Royal Ballet is so competitive.' [PAR] Without question, the Royal Ballet is one of the top three companies in the world. Pennefather knows that he is lucky to work there. Although the beauty and mystique that surround the art often make it easy to forget, that's just what ballet dancing is: a job. A tough and often thankless one. Even if you make it to the top, you'll still be faced with short-term contracts and early redundancy. [PAR] Since the death of Rudolf Nureyev, there have been no 'superstars' in ballet. He was about so much more than the dance, which is why he went on to become one of the most photographed men of the 20th century. Born to an impoverished family in Russia, he ultimately died on his private island purchased with the millions he made during his dance career. That was in 1993, but he remains an inspiration to this day. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Love and Loss, by the BRB - review [PAR] 29 Jun 2009 [PAR] In T-shirt, tights and canvas shoes, Pennefather has the timeless quality of a Nureyev. 'Funny that,' he says with a smile. 'Because our outfits have all changed. Way back, tights were made of heavy woven material and weren't stretchy at all. You used to end up with terribly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] China Starts Building Artificial Islands in Vietnam's ... China Starts Building Artificial Islands in Vietnam's Paracel Islands - Breitbart [PAR] by Frances Martel 16 Feb 2016 0 [PAR] 16 Feb, 2016 [PAR] 16 Feb, 2016 [PAR] SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER [PAR] Satellite images published in The Diplomat indicate that China has begun an extensive construction operation in the South China Sea\u2019s Paracel Islands, following years of work building artificial islands in the Spratly Archipelago. [PAR] The Diplomat is showcasing images of specific islands in the Paracels, which lie in disputed territory in the body of water. China claims both the Spratly and Paracel Islands for itself, a claim disputed by the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Vietnam claims most of the Paracel region China has begun working on. [PAR] SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER [PAR] According to the magazine, Chinese construction crews are working on a helicopter base on Duncan Island, which has required land dredging that has \u201cincrease[d] by 50 percent the area of Duncan Island.\u201d In addition to the base, The Diplomat finds evidence for the beginnings of a number of new, potentially military facilities in the region. Construction appears to have begun in earnest in early December 2015. The magazine suggests these facilities may resmeble the \u201cwater capture reservoirs and fuel bunkers\u201d constructed illegally on the Spratly Islands. [PAR] The new construction occurs just 15 kilometers from Woody Island, where China already boasts a military base, Bloomberg reports . It is not the first time evidence has surfaced of Chinese construction in the Paracel Islands, however. In April 2015 , The Diplomat published images showing that the Woody Island military base \u201cis undergoing a major expansion of its runway and airport facilities,\u201d including the installation of a \u201cnew concrete runway measuring 2,920 meters in length, accompanied by a new taxiway, expanded runway aprons and adjacent large buildings under construction.\u201d [PAR] The construction at the Paracels appears to be similar to that in the Spratly Islands, where China has made islands out of major parts of the Fiery Cross Reef. Environmentalists have suggested that China has destroyed at least 17 reefs in the Spratly region, in international waters also claimed by the Philippines. Construction there has continued despite international outrage and a claim by the Chinese government in June 2015 that construction in the region would be \u201c complete \u201d soon. [PAR] U.S. Director of National Intelligence James Clapper suggested last week that American intelligence expects further construction in the region, describing China\u2019s territorial claims as \u201cexorbitant.\u201d U.S. military officials have for months expressed concern regarding China\u2019s expansionism in the South China Sea, with U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) chief Admiral Harry B. Harris, Jr., saying this month that the world can expect American Navy freedom of navigation operations to occur more frequently in the region. \u201cI think that as we continue down the path of freedom of navigations, you will see more of them, and you will see them increasing in complexity and scope in areas of challenge,\u201d he said . [PAR] Admiral Harris\u2019s remarks followed the latest in a series of such exercises, as the USS Curtis Wilbur sailed within 12 nautical miles of the Paracel Islands. The U.S. Navy did not send advance warning to Beijing of the missile destroyer\u2019s presence in the region, a move that prompted an infuriated response from the Chinese Foreign Ministry , accusing America of seeking \u201cmaritime hegemony\u201d and engaging in \u201cdangerous and irresponsible\u201d behavior. The Chinese government reacted similarly in October 2015, when the USS Lassen sailed near the Spratly Islands in a similar freedom of navigation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nadezhda Krupskaya (Politician) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Nadezhda Krupskaya (Politician) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Nadezhda Krupskaya [PAR] Female [PAR] Born Feb 26, 1869 [PAR] Nadezhda Konstantinovna \"Nadya\" Krupskaya was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician. She married the Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin in 1898. She was deputy minister (Comissar) of Education in 1929\u00e2\u0080\u00931939, Doctor of Education. [PAR] related links [PAR] The Last Day Of The Soviet Union Irish Times [PAR] Google News - Aug 13, 2011 [PAR] 'No leader&#39;s spouse played a public role in Soviet life before, except Lenin&#39;s wife, <mark>Nadezhda Krupskaya</mark>, who was a revolutionary and a member of the Politburo in her own right. Yeltsin trumpeted to aides that Raisa had no business going with Gorbachev' [PAR] Theater; A Glimmer Of Satire Amid Freedom's Obscurities [PAR] NYTimes - Dec 17, 2000 [PAR] 'IN Prague, the best theater so far this season has not been in a theater, but in a castle. And spectacular theater it was. Consider the dramatist: Vaclav Havel. A heroic dissident and his country\\'s leading playwright, today he is the president of the new Czech Republic. All the world\\'s his stage now. So in October, for the fourth time in his' [PAR] St. Petersburg Journal; City That Defeated Hitler Remembers Its Fallen [PAR] NYTimes - Jan 29, 1994 [PAR] 'Aleksandr I. Yakovlev can still clearly hear the explosions his father set off to blast the ice-bound earth, and the dull ring of the frozen bodies as they were thrown into the rough graves. \\\"They brought them daily from the whole city, the dead,\\\" he recalled. \\\"They were piled up there by the road, mountains of them, higher than that memorial.' [PAR] Vote? Anger Pierces Russia's Suffering Heartland [PAR] NYTimes - Dec 08, 1993 [PAR] 'Two old women walked past, bent by age and thickly bundled in worn quilted cotton and huge felt boots, but moving surprisingly fast through the carpet of new snow. \\\"So babushka, \\'everyone to the elections,\\' right?\\\" said a passer-by, invoking the old Soviet slogan that used to insure turnouts of 99 percent and better for an unopposed Communist' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Nadezhda Krupskaya. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1869 Birth Born in 1869. [PAR] TWENTIES [PAR] 1894 25 Years Old Krupskaya first met Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (later known as Vladimir Lenin) in 1894 at a similar discussion group. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Krupskaya was impressed by his speeches but not his personality, at least not at first. It is hard to know very much of the courtship between Lenin and Krupskaya as neither party spoke often of personal matters. Read Less [PAR] 1896 27 Years Old In October 1896, several months after Lenin was arrested, Krupskaya was also arrested. \u2026 Read More [PAR] After some time, Lenin was sentenced to exile in Siberia. They had very little communication while in prison but before leaving for Siberia, Lenin wrote a \"secret note\" to Krupskaya that was delivered by her mother. It suggested that she could be permitted to join him in Siberia if she told people she was his fianc\u00c3\u00a9e. At that time, Krupskaya was still awaiting sentencing in Siberia. Read Less [PAR] 1898 29 Years Old In 1898, Krupskaya was permitted to accompany Lenin but only if they were married as soon as she arrived. \u2026 Read More [PAR] In her memoirs, Krupskaya notes \"with him even such a job as translation was a labour of love\". Her relationship with Lenin was more professional than marital, but she remained loyal, never once considering divorce.<br /><br /> Krupskaya is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Physicists and Astronomers ... - Michael Faraday Michael Faraday [PAR] The English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday, b. Sept. 22, 1791, d. Aug. 25, 1867, is known for his pioneering experiments in electricity and magnetism. Many consider him the greatest experimentalist who ever lived. Several concepts that he derived directly from experiments, such as lines of magnetic force, have become common ideas in modern physics. [PAR] Faraday was born at Newington, Surrey, near London. He received little more than a primary education, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a bookbinder. There he became interested in the physical and chemical works of the time. After hearing a lecture by the famous chemist Humphry Davy, he sent Davy the notes he had made of his lectures. As a result Faraday was appointed, at the age of 21, assistant to Davy in the laboratory of the Royal Institution in London. [PAR] During the initial years of his scientific work, Faraday occupied himself mainly with chemical problems. He discovered two new chlorides of carbon and succeeded in liquefying chlorine and other gases. He isolated benzene in 1825, the year in which he was appointed director of the laboratory. [PAR] Davy, who had the greatest influence on Faraday's thinking, had shown in 1807 that the metals sodium and potassium can be precipitated from their compounds by an electric current, a process known as electrolysis. Faraday's vigorous pursuit of these experiments led in 1834 to what became known as Faraday's laws of electrolysis. [PAR] Faraday's research into electricity and electrolysis was guided by the belief that electricity is only one of the many manifestations of the unified forces of nature, which included heat, light, magnetism, and chemical affinity. Although this idea was erroneous, it led him into the field of electromagnetism, which was still in its infancy. In 1785, Charles Coulomb had been the first to demonstrate the manner in which electric charges repel one another, and it was not until 1820 that Hans Christian Oersted and Andre Marie Ampere discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field. Faraday's ideas about conservation of energy led him to believe that since an electric current could cause a magnetic field, a magnetic field should be able to produce an electric current. He demonstrated this principle of induction in 1831. Faraday expressed the electric current induced in the wire in terms of the number of lines of force that are cut by the wire. The principle of induction was a landmark in applied science, for it made possible the dynamo, or generator, which produces electricity by mechanical means. [PAR] Faraday's introduction of the concept of lines of force was rejected by most of the mathematical physicists of Europe, since they assumed that electric charges attract and repel one another, by action at a distance, making such lines unnecessary. Faraday had demonstrated the phenomenon of electromagnetism in a series of experiments, however. This experimental necessity probably led the physicist James Clerk Maxwell to accept the concept of lines of force and put Faraday's ideas into mathematical form, thus giving birth to modern field theory. [PAR] Faraday's discovery (1845) that an intense magnetic field can rotate the plane of polarized light is known today as the Faraday effect. The phenomenon has been used to elucidate molecular structure and has yielded information about galactic magnetic fields. [PAR] Faraday described his numerous experiments in electricity and electromagnetism in three volumes entitled Experimental Researches in Electricity (1839, 1844, 1855); his chemical work was chronicled in Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics (1858). Faraday ceased research work"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Niacin Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Niacin Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment [PAR] Niacin Deficiency [PAR] Niacin Deficiency Treatments [PAR] Niacin deficiency is a condition that occurs when a person doesn't get enough or can't absorb niacin or tryptophan. [PAR] Also known as vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid , niacin is one of eight B vitamins . Like all B vitamins , niacin plays a role in converting carbohydrates into glucose, metabolizing fats and proteins, and keeping the nervous system working properly. Niacin also helps the body make sex - and stress-related hormones and improves circulation and cholesterol levels . [PAR] Tryptophan is one of the amino acids that makes up protein. Your liver can convert tryptophan from high-protein foods like meats and milk into niacin. [PAR] Niacin Deficiency Symptoms [PAR] Severe deficiency, called pellagra, can cause symptoms related to the skin , digestive system , and nervous system. They include: [PAR] thick, scaly pigmented rash on skin exposed to sunlight [PAR] If not treated, pellagra can lead to death. [PAR] Niacin Deficiency Causes [PAR] In the 1800s, pellagra was common among poor Americans whose diets consisted mostly of corn, molasses, and salt pork -- all poor sources of niacin. Today, most people in the developed world get plenty of niacin in their diets. Niacin deficiency is more likely to be caused by problems that affect absorption of niacin or tryptophan. The most common cause is alcoholism . Other possible causes include disorders of the digestive system and prolonged treatment with the tuberculosis drug isoniazid ( Laniazid , Nydrazid ). [PAR] Niacin Deficiency Treatments [PAR] The recommend daily allowance (RDA) for niacin is 16 milligrams per day for men and 14 milligrams per day for women. Good sources of niacin include red meat, fish, poultry, fortified breads and cereals, and enriched pasta and peanuts. [PAR] If you don't eat a lot of niacin-rich foods or if you have a medical condition that affects the absorption of niacin or tryptophan, speak to your doctor. Niacin supplements or multivitamin/mineral supplements , which usually contain at least 20 milligrams of niacin, can help prevent niacin deficiency. [PAR] Supplements of niacin such as nicotinic acid or nicotinamide are approved by the FDA for treating niacin deficiency. Under the supervision of a doctor, high doses of over-the-counter or prescription niacin or nicotinic acid can be used to treat high cholesterol , including high triglycerides . However, too much nicotinic acid or niacin can be harmful. Avoid taking more than your doctor prescribes or recommends. If you are taking doses of more than 100 milligrams per day, doctors recommend periodic liver function tests . [PAR] WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by David Kiefer, MD on November 03, 2014 [PAR] Sources"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sila National Park - The Mountains - Travel ideas Sila National Park - The Mountains - Travel ideas [PAR] You are in Home / Travel ideas / The Mountains / Sila National Park [PAR] Sila National Park [PAR] Sila National Park - Lake Cecita from on High - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Sila National Park - Lake Cecita - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Sila National Park - Plant Life - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Sila National Park - Forest of Giants - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Sila National Park - European Black Pines in the Forest of Giants - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Sila National Park - Deer - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Sila National Park - Fawns - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Sila National Park - Riding Stable and Horses - Photo by Silvia \u00c1lvarez Adalia [PAR] Five-hundred-thousand hectares of highly-singular natural riches: the Sila Plateau expands over parts of the Provinces of Cosenza, Crotone and Catanzaro. [PAR] Natural and scenic endowments where the diversity of landscapes, the variety of plant and animal species, and the beauty of all of Sila attest to the importance of the Sila National Park and of the treasures it protects. [PAR] Although it was established only in 2002, Sila National Park is actually part of one of Italy\u2019s oldest national parks, the National Park of Calabria . This zone, with its rugged and wild, yet pristine side, charms visitors with its quaint and welcoming villages, and with the opportunities to practice a number of outdoor sports. Here, any time of year is right to enjoy this multi-faceted Park. [PAR] See [PAR] Check out the numerous little towns scattered throughout the area: some date back more than a handful of centuries and thus boast the strongest territorial traditions, while others are more modern and endowed with the most recent touristic services and accommodations. What all these places have in common are the beauty of their landscapes, that seem suspended somewhere between the past and present, between tradition and modernity. [PAR] To begin with, Acri, also referred to as the \u201cdoor to Sila\u201d (it lies at the base of the plateau, in the Province of Cosenza ), hosts the ruins of a feudal Castle, along with Palazzo Sanseverino-Falcone, Palazzo Julia with its important library, and Palazzo Spezzano. [PAR] And near its ancient Capuchin Convent stands the imposing, 19th-Century Basilica del Beato Angelo d\u2019Acri. [PAR] San Giovanni in Fiore, rather, is the most populous community in Sila; its town center hosts several churches, among them the Florense Abbey and the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie. [PAR] In the environs of San Giovanni in Fiore is Castelsilano, abounding with hot springs, some of which are sulphurous, and earth cavities (though fewer), a draw for speleologists. The most important of these is the Grotta di Samour\u00ec, or Grave Grubbo. [PAR] Be sure to see the old borgo of Acerenthia with its Medieval ruins. [PAR] Do [PAR] The main activity when the weather suits is trekking through Sila\u2019s woods ( \u201cthe green heart of Calabria\u201d ), even for days at a time. [PAR] Trekking excursions also mean opportunities to gather mushrooms (very valuable here), chestnuts and berries. [PAR] Those that prefer can rent bicycles to get around, or ride on horseback through the area\u2019s bountiful nature trails. [PAR] Sticking closer to civilization? The zone\u2019s various accommodations often provide structures for playing tennis, soccer and many other sports. [PAR] And resort properties like Villaggio Mancuso lie in the vicinity of numerous pools and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Absolutely Fabulous (TV Series 1992\u20132012) - IMDb Absolutely Fabulous (TV Series 1992\u20132012) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Edina Monsoon and her best friend Patsy drive Eddie's sensible daughter, Saffron, up the wall with their constant drug abuse and outrageous selfishness. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Eddy has not had sex in an age and Patsy decides to remedy the situation by holding an orgy with male escorts but they are not especially enthusiastic so,to get them going,Patsy plays a video of an ... [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] Encouraged by Taylor Saffy finishes writing her play,'Self-Raising Flower',about her oppressive life with Patsy and Eddy,who do not share the rest of the family's enthusiasm to attend the opening ... [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] In an effort to get Eddy to economise Saffy conspires with the family accountant to lead her to believe she is poor,so she instantly buys a smaller car - an expensive Alpha Romeo. Supermarket ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 25 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 17 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 02 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 02 Dec 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Absolutely Fabulous \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Absolutely Fabulous (1992\u20132012) [PAR] 8.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 8 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] French and Saunders (TV Series 1987) [PAR] Comedy [PAR] This BBC comedy skit show is the brainchild of longtime comedy duo Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders. Each episode would feature satire on British life, television, and parodies on big box ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Dawn French, Jennifer Saunders, Simon Brint [PAR] After attracting both media and police attention for accidentally knocking Kate Moss into the River Thames, Edina and Patsy hide out in the south of France. [PAR] Director: Mandie Fletcher [PAR] A boisterous female minister comes to serve in an eccentricly conservative small town's church. [PAR] Stars: Dawn French, James Fleet, Trevor Peacock [PAR] A snobbish housewife is determined to climb the social ladder, in spite of her family's working class connections and the constant chagrin of her long suffering husband. [PAR] Stars: Patricia Routledge, Clive Swift, Geoffrey Hughes [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Edina Monsoon and her best friend Patsy drive Eddie's sensible daughter, Saffron, up the wall with their constant drug abuse and outrageous selfishness. Written by Alexander Lum <aj_lum@postoffice.utas.edu.au> [PAR] 24 July 1994 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Despite playing mother and daughter, Jennifer Saunders is only 10 years older than co-star Julia Sawalha . See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Crazy Credits [PAR] At the end of series four's credits, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Miller - The New York Times - nytimes.com Arthur Miller - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Supported by [PAR] Arthur Miller [PAR] News about Arthur Miller, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. More [PAR] Arthur Miller, one of the great American playwrights, whose work exposed the flaws in the fabric of the American dream, died Feb. 10, 2005, at his home in Roxbury, Conn. He was 89. The author of \"Death of a Salesman,\" a landmark of 20th-century drama, Mr. Miller grappled with the weightiest matters of social conscience in his plays and in them often reflected or reinterpreted the stormy and very public elements of his own life -- including a brief and rocky marriage to Marilyn Monroe and his staunch refusal to cooperate with the red-baiting House Un-American Activities Committee.\"Death of a Salesman,\" which opened on Broadway in 1949, established Mr. Miller as a giant of the American theater when he was only 33. It won the triple crown of theatrical artistry that year: the Pulitzer Prize, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award and the Tony.But the play's enormous success also overshadowed Mr. Miller's long career: \"The Crucible,\" a 1953 play about the Salem witch trials inspired by his virulent hatred of McCarthyism, and \"A View From the Bridge,\" a 1955 drama of obsession and betrayal, ultimately took their place as popular classics of the international stage, but Mr. Miller's later plays never equaled his early successes. Although he wrote a total of 17 plays, \"The Price,\" produced on Broadway during the 1967-68 season, was his last solid critical and commercial hit. -- Marilyn BergerRead the Obituary[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Miller - United States History Arthur Miller [PAR] Blog [PAR] Arthur Miller [PAR] Arthur Miller was a prominent American playwright and author. He was known for his achievements in American literature and cinema. He wrote for more than 61 years, including a wide variety of plays. Miller's best-known works were \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDeath of a Salesman,\" and \"The Crucible,\" which are still widely studied and performed. [PAR] Youth and education [PAR] Arthur Asher Miller was born on October 17, 1915, to a low-income Jewish family in New York. His father was a clothing manufacturer who was ruined during the Depression . His mother was a housewife and teacher. Arthur had a brother, Kermit, and a sister, Joan Miller. Joan became an actress, known as Joan Copeland. She appeared in some of her brother's plays. [PAR] Arthur graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School near Coney Island, in Brooklyn, New York . He was a talented athlete and mediocre student. He applied to, and was subsequently rejected by, the University of Michigan and Cornell University. Miller got a job at a car parts factory, then put $13 of every $15 paycheck he earned into a college fund. He then reapplied to the University of Michigan and was accepted in 1934. [PAR] Miller studied journalism and drama. He wrote his first work in 1936, entitled \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNo Villain,\" for which he won the Avery Hopwood Award, the first of two he would receive. In 1938, Miller received his bachelor's degree in English. He married his college sweetheart, Mary Slattery, in 1940. They had two children, Jane and Robert. Miller was exempted from military service during World War II because of an old football injury. [PAR] A career \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and troubles [PAR] Miller wrote the play, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAll My Sons,\" in 1947, and became a huge success. He then wrote \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDeath of a Salesman\" in 1949. The work won the Pulitzer Prize, three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guggenheim Museum - Citysights NY - Gray Line New York Guggenheim Museum - Citysights NY [PAR] Guggenheim Museum [PAR] Guggenheim Museum [PAR] Be inspired by art & design at the Guggenheim! [PAR] The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum is an internationally renowned art museum and architectural icon. The building itself, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is a significant component of the Guggenhein experience! The museum is the heart of a larger network of international museums. It\u2019s home to famous works of Impressionist, Modern and Contemporary art. [PAR] What to Expect [PAR] From the outside, the Guggenheim looks like a large white sea shell sculpture. Once inside, most people take the elevator to the uppermost rotunda to start their tour and work their way down the building\u2019s spiraling ramp gallery. The current building also includes a tower annex where several of the museum\u2019s smaller exhibitions reside. [PAR] While exhibitions and the collection on display are revolving, you\u2019ll always see works by the masters of Non-Objective art. Some famous pieces include Pablo Picasso\u2019s Woman with Yellow Hair and Marc Chagall\u2019s Paris Through the Window. Other renowned artists featured include Van Gogh, Cezanne, Kandinsky, Klee, Manet, Leger and many others! [PAR] The Guggenheim is truly a unique art museum. Unlike most institutions of its kind, the Guggenheim doesn\u2019t divide up its galleries based on mediums or eras. Instead, the collection is meant to be viewed as a whole. But don\u2019t worry - you won\u2019t have trouble finding your way to exhibitions or artists you\u2019re most interested in! Plenty of guides are scattered throughout, and audio tours are always available. Two guided tours are also offered daily. [PAR] Art lovers as well as those simply moved by culture and innovation will love this one-of-a-kind institute. Add the Guggenheim to your NYC itinerary to enhance your trip! [PAR] Location: [PAR] 1071 Fifth Avenue (at 89th St), New York, New York, 10128 [PAR] Hours of Operation: [PAR] Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday: 10:00AM - 5:45PM [PAR] Saturday: 10:00AM - 7:45PM [PAR] Voucher Information: [PAR] After your online purchase you will be redirected to a page with your voucher. An order confirmation, with a link to your online voucher, will also be e-mailed to you within two hours of completing your purchase. Redeem at any of the visitor center locations listed on the voucher. At the visitor center, simply show your voucher on your mobile phone or bring a printed copy. [PAR] Guggenheim Museum [PAR] Be inspired by art & design at the Guggenheim! [PAR] The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum is an internationally renowned art museum and architectural icon. The building itself, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is a significant component of the Guggenhein experience! The museum is the heart of a larger network of international museums. It\u2019s home to famous works of Impressionist, Modern and Contemporary art. [PAR] What to Expect [PAR] From the outside, the Guggenheim looks like a large white sea shell sculpture. Once inside, most people take the elevator to the uppermost rotunda to start their tour and work their way down the building\u2019s spiraling ramp gallery. The current building also includes a tower annex where several of the museum\u2019s smaller exhibitions reside. [PAR] While exhibitions and the collection on display are revolving, you\u2019ll always see works by the masters of Non-Objective art. Some famous pieces include Pablo Picasso\u2019s Woman with Yellow Hair and Marc Chagall\u2019s Paris Through the Window. Other renowned artists featured include Van Gogh, Cezanne, Kandinsky, Klee, Manet, Leger and many others! [PAR] The Guggenheim is truly a unique art museum. Unlike most institutions of its kind, the Guggenheim"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Entries \u2013 Pipeline \u2013 Encyclopedia Of Surfing Entries \u2013 Pipeline \u2013 Encyclopedia Of Surfing [PAR] Hank Foto [PAR] Beautiful but ferocious Hawaiian surf break located on the North Shore of Oahu, regarded since the early 1960s as the sport's premier tube; site of the venerable Pipeline Masters competition. \"First it intimidates you,\" Kelly Slater said. \"Then you find the balls to give it a try. Then you figure it out, and grow from the pride that comes with that. Then you get hungry for it.\" [PAR] Pipeline is best on a west or northwest swell, and like with the rest of the North Shore breaks most often from October to March. While \"Pipeline\" specifically refers to the left-breaking wave, it can also be used to include Backdoor, the right-breaking wave attached to the Pipeline peak that opens up when the swell comes in from the north or northwest; surfers will often take off side by side, one riding Pipeline, the other riding the Backdoor right. Off-the-Wall, a break similar to Backdoor, is located just down the beach to the west. [PAR] Pipeline itself is made up of a series of reefs. First Reef, a flat lava plateau broken up by a few narrow crevasses and located less than 75 yards offshore, is the main break; an incoming wave, shaped into a peak by outside reefs, will abruptly hit First Reef and pitch out into the hallmark Pipeline tube, which usually spins and grinds for about seven seconds, tapering down the whole time, before expiring over a sandy area to the east. Most Pipeline waves spit at least once. Sand deposits can affect the shape of the wave at First Reef; the break is temperamental as a rule, and often comes into top form just a half-dozen days a season. [PAR] Second Reef Pipeline is located 75 yards out from the regular Pipeline lineup, and comes online when the surf hits 10 or 12 foot. Waves here often do little more than fringe along the crest, which allows the surfer to make an early entry and set the ride up as the swell moves toward First Reef. Third Reef Pipeline, a shifty and foaming big-wave break located another 300 yards offshore, is rarely surfed. [PAR] Pipeline has justly earned a reputation as the world's most dangerous surf spot; waves here break with piledriving force over a shallow reef (usually between six and 10 feet deep), and can be difficult to read; the omnipresent photo gallery attracts surfers, and helps create an aggressive mood in the lineup, which in turn leads to bad wave selection, insane risk taking, injuries, and even death. It is estimated that a surfer dies at Pipeline every other year. On a single day in December 1998, there were 30 injuries at Pipeline, including a near fatality. [PAR] There are competing claims as to who was the first surfer to ride Pipeline, but the honor usually goes to Phil Edwards of California, who paddled out on a four-foot day at what was then called Banzai Beach in mid-December 1961, then returned the following morning with filmmaker Bruce Brown, when the waves were six to eight foot. Edwards rode a beautiful eight-foot cylinder that showed up on Brown's 1962 surf film Surfing Hollow Days. It was boardmaker Mike Diffenderfer, also of California, who suggested to Brown that he call the break Pipeline, after noticing that the waves looked like the giant concrete pipes being used in a nearby construction project. [PAR] By the end of 1962, California surfers Butch Van Artsdalen and John Peck had set the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hedwig - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Hedwig | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 Tom comments on Hedwig's intelligence [src] [PAR] Hedwig (d. 27 July , 1997 ) was Harry Potter 's pet Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus). [3] In August 1991 Hedwig was purchased from Eeylops Owl Emporium and was gifted to Harry from Rubeus Hagrid on his eleventh birthday. Owls are used by wizards to deliver mail, but Hedwig was also an important companion as Harry was initiated into the wizarding world . She continued to be one of his closest companions until her death in the Battle of the Seven Potters in 1997. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Purchase [PAR] \"Harry now carried a large cage that held a beautiful snowy owl, fast asleep with her head under her wing.\" [PAR] \u2014Harry Potter after receiving Hedwig as a gift [src] [PAR] Hagrid introduces Hedwig to Harry in 1991 [PAR] Rubeus Hagrid , who was in assisting Harry Potter in buying his school supplies bought Hedwig as a birthday present for Harry when they went to Diagon Alley together. Harry was delighted and couldn't thank Hagrid enough, while Hedwig had already fallen asleep after leaving the shop. [2] This was the first birthday present Harry had ever received, as the Dursleys did not celebrate his brithday. He became quickly attached to her. [PAR] Harry Potter's pet [PAR] Harry decided on her name after finding it in A History of Magic . Before attending his first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , Harry routinely stayed in his bedroom with Hedwig, away from the Dursleys , since she was his only friend at 4 Privet Drive . [4] Throughout her life, Hedwig provided Harry with mail service, as well as loyal companionship. Hedwig often showed Harry her affection by gently nibbling his ears and fingers, and seemed fully capable of understanding his wishes (as she faithfully followed Harry's orders to peck Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger until they responded to him). [PAR] Hedwig with Harry Potter and Ron Weasley [PAR] Hedwig was also highly intelligent, as she flew to France completely of her own accord while Hermione was on holiday there with her parents, just to ensure that Harry received a gift from her for his thirteenth birthday, later arriving at the Leaky Cauldron shortly after Harry stormed out of Privet Drive after a particularly bad argument despite the fact that she had been away and allegedly staying with the Weasleys when Harry left the Dursleys. According to the landlord, Tom , she arrived five minutes after he did. [5] She was also able to deliver letters even though there was no specific address given(only a name). Hedwig was a proud creature, and had a habit of staring or hooting \"reproachfully,\" and showing Harry her tail, cuffing him with a wing, or even nipping him a little harder than usual if she was offended by his words or actions. She also seemed fairly disdainful of the hyperactive behaviour of Ron Weasley 's pet owl Pigwidgion (Pig, as Ron called him) [PAR] Harry having Hedwig deliver a message to Sirius Black [PAR] While living with the Dursleys , Hedwig was locked in her cage for months at a time to prevent Harry from sending messages to his \"freaky little friends.\" As a result, the first holidays after Hogwarts were a frustrating and boring time for her, as much as for Harry. When Harry was rescued by the Weasley brothers in 1992 , Hedwig was freed from her cage and flew along following"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] eThemes - Geography: Midwest Region of the United States eThemes - Geography: Midwest Region of the United States [PAR] eThemes [PAR] Your source for content-rich, kid-safe online resources. [PAR] [PAR] Global rating average: 5.0 out of 5 [PAR] 5.0 [PAR] Discuss this eTheme. [PAR] These sites focus on the states in the Midwest. Learn more about the history, land, economy, industries, and animals of this region. Includes many photographs plus statistics that can be graphed. The following states are included: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio. Also has links to eThemes Resources on the West, South and Northeast. [PAR] Grades [PAR] eThemes Resource: Geography: Western Region of the United States Report this link as broken? [PAR] These sites focus on the states in the West. Learn more about the history, land, economy, industries, and animals of this region. There are many photographs plus statistics that can be graphed. The following states are included: Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. There are also links to eThemes Resources on the Midwest, South and Northeast. [PAR] eThemes Resource: Geography: Southern Region of the United States Report this link as broken? [PAR] These sites focus on the states in the South. Learn more about the history, land, economy, industries, and animals of this region. There are many photographs as well as statistics that can be graphed. The following states are included: Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Also includes links to eThemes Resources on the Midwest, West, and Northeast."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Castor Oil - An Overview and Health Benefits of the Castor ... Castor Oil - An Overview and Health Benefits of the Castor Oil - Healthers - Health R Us [PAR] Vegetables [PAR] Castor Oil [PAR] Castor oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seed of the castor plant. It has a multiplicity of uses including for skin and hair care and alleviating certain medical conditions. Exposure to the outer layer of the castor seed may result in serious medical complications. [PAR] What is castor oil? [PAR] Castor oil is derived from the seed of the castor plant, ricinus communis. The plant is indigenous to east Africa and India but is now widely grown in other tropical zones worldwide. The oil extracted from the seed has a thick consistency. The color may range from clear to slightly yellow although there is a darker colored, light to dark brown, version that gets this color from the alternative extraction process used. Castor oil generally has a mild odor and the taste is bland. [PAR] Castor oil is composed primarily of three fatty acids, ricinoleic, linoleic and oleic acids. The most abundant of the three, ricinoleic acid, is an unsaturated omega-9 fatty acid, known for its strong pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties. This makes up approximately 90% of the fatty acid content of castor oil. Oleic and linoleic acid are present in smaller portions. Oleic acid is commonly used in moisturizers for softening the skin while linoleic acid is used on the skin for retaining moisture. Other substances present include carbohydrates, enzymes, mineral salts, vitamin E, water and ricin, a toxic plant protein. [PAR] Alternative names [PAR] There are numerous variations in the name for the castor plant. One of the more common alternative names is Palma Christi (meaning Christ\u2019s palm) because the shape of its leaves resembles hands. The plant is also known as the African coffee tree, Arandi, Bi Ma Zi, Bofareira, Castor bean plant, Erand, Gandharva hasta, Mexico seed/weed, mole bean, oil plant, Tangantangan oil plant and the Wonder tree. [PAR] Extraction method [PAR] Castor oil is obtained from the seed of the castor plant. Natural castor oil is extracted using a cold pressing technique. The outer layer of ripe castor seeds, called the hull, is first removed. This layer is what contains ricin, the toxic plant protein that can cause serious health complications as it prevents the body from producing proteins. Ricin is not usually found in the extracted oil. [PAR] The hull-less seeds are subsequently cooked in order to prepare them for the extracting process. Cooking makes the seeds more pliable and thus easier for the oil content to be pressed out. The cooked seeds are later dried and then run through a cold press which applies high pressure to extract the maximum quantity of oil possible. The oil is then filtered to remove impurities. This procedure renders oil that is slightly yellow in appearance. [PAR] A variety of castor oil, commonly called the Jamaican black castor oil, uses a different extraction method. Instead of boiling, the seeds are roasted and then passed through a grinder. This pulp is then boiled to extract the oil. This technique renders oil that is dark brown in color, a result of the presence of ashes from the roasting in the initial stage of production. The lighter colored variety is considered the purest. [PAR] Uses [PAR] Castor oil has been touted for its many health benefits in the treatment of skin conditions, for alleviating gastro-intestinal problems, as a stimulant for the immune and lymphatic systems, for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Alec Douglas-Home | England Cricket | Cricket Players ... Sir Alec Douglas-Home | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] 1924 - 1927 [PAR] Profile [PAR] Lord Home of the Hirsel, The Baron, KT, PC, who died at his home on October 9, 1995, aged 92, was the only British prime minister to have played first-class cricket. As Lord Dunglass, he was a useful member of the Eton XI. In the rain-affected Eton- Harrow match of 1922 he scored 66, despite being hindered by a saturated outfield, and then took 4 for 37 with his medium-paced out-swingers. He played ten first-class matches for six different teams: Middlesex, Oxford University, H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI, MCC (with whom he toured South America under Pelham Warner), Free Foresters and Harlequins. His two games for Middlesex were in 1924 and 1925, both against Oxford University while he was actually an Oxford undergraduate; he did not represent the university until the following year. His cricket was gradually overtaken by politics, and he entered the Commons in 1931. After he succeeded to his father's title and became the 14th Earl of Home, he rose to be foreign secretary and then prime minister, when he emerged as a totally unexpected compromise choice as Harold Macmillan's successor. After renouncing his title (and becoming Sir Alec Douglas-Home until he returned to the Lords as a life peer) he remained in Downing Street for a year until the 1964 election. Despite all his honours, Alec Home never made an enemy and was much valued, in cricket as in politics, for his quiet charm and sagacity. He was president of MCC in 1966 and an important behind-the-scenes influence whenever the game was in difficulties. From 1977 to 1989 Lord Home was Governor of I Zingari. The general opinion is that, even if he had devoted himself to the game, he would not have been a regular county player, but then no one expected him to rise so high in politics either. H. S. Altham, in his review of public schools cricket in the 1923 Wisden, said Lord Dunglass was a better batsman on wet pitches - he had the courage of his convictions and could hook and pull the turning ball effectively. Much the same could be said for his politics: he was always at his best on a sticky wicket. [PAR] Wisden Cricketers' Almanack"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | England | Coventry/Warwickshire | Poet ... BBC NEWS | UK | England | Coventry/Warwickshire | Poet Brooke's birthplace for sale [PAR] Poet Brooke's birthplace for sale [PAR] Plans to turn the house into a museum were too expensive [PAR] The home where World War One poet Rupert Brooke was born has been put up for sale by the local council. [PAR] Brooke, whose most famous work is the patriotic poem The Soldier, was born at 5, Hillmorton Road, in Rugby, Warwickshire, in 1887. [PAR] Plans to turn the Grade II-listed house into a museum fell through and it has now been put up for sale for \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd400,000. [PAR] But the sale has been criticised by the Rupert Brooke Society's president Peter Miller as a missed opportunity. [PAR] He said: \"I just feel angry we had been led to assume that there would be a visitor centre raising not only the works of Rupert Brooke but, apart from Shakespeare, all the writers in the county of Warwickshire. [PAR] Rupert Brooke spent the first four years of his life in the house [PAR] \"This would have been a heritage centre, this would have been an attraction to visitors and it would have encouraged tourism to Rugby. [PAR] \"I can only say that I think it's a very short-sighted move.\" [PAR] Rugby Borough Council, which bought the property for about \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd350,000 three years ago, said plans to turn it into a museum had been rejected because it would not have attracted sufficient visitors to break even. [PAR] Michael Lenihan, economic development manager, said: \"At the moment the house is let but, while we do let houses as a social landlord, it is not our business to let them on a commercial basis. [PAR] \"It is costing us about \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd12,000 to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd14,000 a year to maintain.\" [PAR] Rupert Brooke spent the first four years of his life in the house and also attended Rugby School, where his father was a schoolmaster. [PAR] He joined the Royal Navy at the outbreak of World War One and died from septicaemia after being bitten by a mosquito en route to the Dardanelles in 1915. [PAR] The house is being sold via agents Howkins and Harrison.[DOC] [TLE] Rupert Brooke ~ The Soldier Poet | Random Phoughts Rupert Brooke ~ The Soldier Poet | Random Phoughts [PAR] Rupert Brooke ~ The Soldier Poet [PAR] Challenge: to publish daily a colourised photo that has some significance around the day of publication. [PAR] The Turks didn\u2019t get him\u2026a mosquito did. [PAR] English poet, Rupert Chawner Brooke, best known for his idealistic war sonnets, died this day, 23 April 1915, two days before the massive, ill-fated British-led invasion by Australian soldiers of the Gallipoli peninsula. [PAR] Brooke developed septicaemia from a mosquito bite and died in a French hospital ship off the island of Skyros, Greece, on his way to the landing at Gallipoli. He was 27 years old. His friends buried him under a stone cairn in an olive grove on Skryos. He still lays there today, \u201cin some corner of a foreign field that is forever England,\u201d although his mother arranged for a grander tomb after the war. [PAR] Photographer Sherrill Schell : Rupert Brooke \u2013 Colourised by Loredana Crupi [PAR] Serving as an officer in the British Royal Navy, Brooke was stationed at Antwerp, where he was inspired to write 1914 & Other Poems, five unabashedly patriotic war sonnets, the last of them being The Soldier. Published after his death, Brooke\u2019s sonnets were regarded as a barometer of England between 1910 and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Herbs - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise The Herbs - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise [PAR] The Herbs The Herbs is a 60\u2019s Children\u2019s TV animated show. It was designed for pre-school children, but I think it appeals to all ages and was one of the new colour 'Watch with Mother' titles. The Herbs was created by Michael Bond and animated by Ivor Wood at Filmfair (who were responsible for Paddington and The Wombles). The first episode was transmitted on 12th February 1968. Only 13 episodes were made of this delightful programme, but that isn't the end of this story. Parsley the Lion had become quite popular with the children that watched, so it was decided to give him his own show - Parsley the Lion and Friends. It was supposed to centre on Parsley more, but I think the original Herbs did that anyway. The new programme also included all the characters that we met in The Herbs. Story Each episode began with the narrator (Gordon Rollings) talking about herbs in the garden, and each time he mentioned a different one, then the herb (plant) would appear. This was a magic herb garden, that you could only get access to by saying the magic word - Herbidacious. The door of the garden would swing open and in we would all be let in. The garden was owned by Sir Basil and Lady Rosemary, where each week a new adventure would take place. It seems that all the animals in the Herb garden (Parsley, Dill, Sage) could see us watching, but none of the people (Sir Basil, Lady Rosemary etc.) could, which would really confuse Bayleaf as he wanted to know what Parsley was waving at. Each of the characters were named after a herb and they all had a song to sing us, see below for more details. The Herbs Characters Parsley the Lion \"I'm a very friendly Lion called Parsley\" Parsley is a lovable Green Lion, whose mane and tail are made out of the herb parsley (hence the name). He is the one that shows us around the garden and loves waving to the viewers. He's not a brave lion and hides whenever there is trouble/danger around or when strangers appear. He was once called Doctor Parsley when he combined herbs with the jumpers Aunt Mint knitted for the chives, and it cured their colds. Parsley also doesn't like to get his tail wet or climb, as he found out when climbing the Tarragon Plant. He pretended to climb it the first time, but only snuck across to the neighbouring tree and back down it again. Shame he got caught and had to climb it for real. But he did have fun playing in the clouds. He made Sir Basil suffer when he shot his tail off, as he pretended to be dead. Poor Sir Basil didn't know what to do, so as usual shouted for Lady Rosemary, who saw Parsley was faking it. His best friend is Dill the dog and both of them seem to get themselves into trouble. But once in a while Parsley does come up with a good idea, such as the time he persuaded Pashana Bedhi to use his snake charming skills to float Sage and his nest back in the tree. \"I'm a very friendly Lion called Parsley with a tail for doing jobs of every kind but I mustn't treat it roughly or too harshly for it's such a useful thing to have behind\" His songs are: \"I'm a very friendly Lion called Parsley I am"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Write a Limerick - About.com Education How to Write a Limerick [PAR] How to Write a Limerick [PAR] How to Write a Limerick [PAR] Oli Kellett/Taxi/Getty Images [PAR] Share [PAR] By Grace Fleming [PAR] You might need to write a limerick for an assignment, or you may want to learn the art just for fun or to impress a friend. Limericks are fun--they usually have a bit of a twist and a perhaps a silly element. And best of all, they can be a great way to express how clever and creative you can be! [PAR] A limerick contains five lines. In this mini-poem, the first, second, and fifth lines rhyme, and the third and fourth lines rhyme. Here is an example: [PAR] There once was a student named Dwight, [PAR] Who slept only three hours a night. [PAR] He dozed in the classroom [PAR] And snoozed in the bathroom, [PAR] So Dwight\u2019s college options are slight. [PAR] There is also a certain rhythm to a limerick that makes it unique. The meter, or the number of beats ( stressed syllables ) per lines, is 3,3,2,2,3. For example, in the second line, the three stressed points are slept, three, and night. [PAR] The syllabification is (usually) 8,8,5,5,8, but there is some variation in this. In the limerick above, there are actually 6 syllables in the third and fourth lines. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] To write your own limerick, begin with a person and/or a place. Make sure that one or both of them are easy to rhyme. For your first try, start with \u201cthere once was\u201d and finish the first line with five more syllables. Example: There once was a boy from Cancun. [PAR] Now think of a feature or an event and write a line that ends in a word that rhymes with Cancun, such as: Whose eyes were as round as the moon. [PAR] Next, skip to the fifth line, which will be the final line that includes the twist or punch line. What are some of your rhyming word choices? There are many."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Irish Yew - Taxus baccata \u2018Fastigiata\u2019 - PNW Plants Irish Yew - Taxus baccata \u00e2\u0080\u0098Fastigiata\u00e2\u0080\u0099 - PNW Plants [PAR] Fruit [PAR] Description [PAR] Most commonly used for hedging purposes, Irish Yew has a naturally upright form and takes shearing well. It's an option for gardeners looking for an alternative to more common Eastern Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis). [PAR] Morphology: [PAR] Taxus baccata \u00e2\u0080\u0098Fastigiata\u00e2\u0080\u0099 will reach 7\u00e2\u0080\u0099 \u00e2\u0080\u0093 8\u00e2\u0080\u0099 high by 3\u00e2\u0080\u0099 wide in ten years. Ultimately, it can reach up to 20 feet high if left un-pruned. It naturally makes a good shape without any clipping or trimming. It holds its branches in an upright rigid fashion. Needles are linear in shape with an acute tip. [PAR] This is a female cultivar that produces red berries in the fall. Children should be kept away from the berries as they find them attractive. Unfortunately they are poisonous. [PAR] Adaptation: [PAR] Taxus baccata \u00e2\u0080\u0098Fastigiata\u00e2\u0080\u0099 prefers well-drained acidic soil and is drought tolerant once established. Plant it in full sun or shade. [PAR] All parts of the yew plant (bark, and foliage included) can be toxic, so site plants with care. [PAR] Pests:[DOC] [TLE] Taxus baccata (common yew) | Plants & Fungi At Kew Taxus baccata (common yew) | Plants & Fungi At Kew [PAR] Discover plants and fungi [PAR] Taxus baccata (common yew) [PAR] A densely branching evergreen that can live for centuries, the common yew is often found in British churchyards. [PAR] Taxus baccata on a ruined wall at Waverley Abbey, Surrey. [PAR] Species information [PAR] Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN Red List criteria. [PAR] Habitat: [PAR] Oak and beech woodland, often on chalk or limestone substrates. [PAR] Key Uses: [PAR] Ornamental, timber, wood for bow-making, medicinal. [PAR] Known hazards: [PAR] The seeds, leaves and bark are highly poisonous and can cause fatal poisoning of humans and livestock. [PAR] Taxonomy [PAR] Genus: Taxus [PAR] About this species [PAR] Taxus baccata, although native to Britain and sometimes referred to as the English yew, is also found across much of Europe, western Asia and North Africa. The generic name Taxus is reflected in the name of the poisonous taxanes found in the tree. Some botanists did not consider yew to be a true conifer, since it does not bear its seeds in a cone. However, proper consideration of its evolutionary relationships now places the yew family (Taxaceae) firmly within the conifers. [PAR] Medicinal Uses [PAR] Yew trees contain the highly poisonous taxane alkaloids that have been developed as anti-cancer drugs. Eating just a few leaves can make a small child severely ill and fatalities have occurred. All parts of the tree are poisonous, with the exception of the bright red arils. The arils are harmless, fleshy, cup-like structures, partially enveloping the seeds, which are eaten by birds (which disperse the seeds); however, the black seeds inside them should not be eaten as they contain poisonous alkaloids. [PAR] [PAR] Discover more [PAR] Geography and distribution [PAR] The common yew is found across much of Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It grows throughout the British Isles (although it is less abundant in Ireland, and absent from the far north of Scotland), especially on calcareous soils. [PAR] Ancient yew woods, formed of almost pure stands of yew, are a typical feature of chalk soils in southern England (for example along the North Downs and in the Chiltern Hills). [PAR] Taxus baccata ripe seeds enclosed by a bright red aril. [PAR] Description [PAR] Taxus baccata is a densely branching, evergreen tree with a massive trunk, reaching up to 20 m tall. The leaves are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The official residence of the British monarch in Scotland ... The official residence of the British monarch in Scotland - Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor [PAR] Fee: Yes [PAR] Recommended length of visit: 2-3 hours [PAR] Owner description: The Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence in Scotland of Her Majesty The Queen. The palace stands at the end of Edinburgh's Royal Mile against the spectacular backdrop of Arthur's Seat. This fine palace is closely associated with Scotland's rich history and is used by The Queen when carrying out official engagements in Scotland. The State Apartments reflect the changing tastes of successive monarchs, and are renowned for their fine plasterwork ceilings and unrivalled collection of Brussels tapestries. They are furnished with numerous fine paintings and other works of art, many of which have long associations with Holyroodhouse. The visit to Holyroodhouse includes Mary, Queen of Scots' Chambers and the Darnley Rooms, the setting for many dramatic episodes in Mary's short and turbulent reign. In the Palace's west corner tower are Mary's Bedchamber, described as 'the most famous room in Scotland', and her Outer Chamber, the scene of the murder of her Italian secretary, David Rizzio'. During the summer months, you can join a guided tour of Holyrood Abbey, which lies adjacent to the Palace in the spectacular setting of Arthur's Seat. Escorted by Wardens dressed in their ancient hunting Stewart tartan, you will learn about the building's extraordinary history. [PAR] There are newer reviews for this attraction"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Laws & Equipment | The basics of ... BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Laws & Equipment | The basics of rugby union [PAR] Rugby player positions explained [PAR] Rugby union is played by two teams of 15 players. [PAR] Although the aim of the game is simple, there are many laws which make can make it hard for the new viewer to keep track of what is going on. [PAR] Here BBC Sport runs through the very basics of the game and, to the right, you can click on the links to find our more on the various rules of rugby union. [PAR] AIM OF THE GAME [PAR] Jonny Wilkinson scores the winning points in the 2003 World Cup final [PAR] The aim of the game is very simple - use the ball to score more points than the other team. [PAR] You can run with the ball, kick it and pass it, but passing forwards is not allowed. [PAR] Rugby union is a contact sport, so you can tackle an opponent in order to get the ball, as long as you stay within the rules. [PAR] There is a referee, aided by two touch judges (one on each side of the pitch), to decide how the rules should be applied during a game. [PAR] There are several ways to score points. [PAR] A try - five points are awarded for touching the ball down in your opponent's goal area. [PAR] A conversion - two points are added for a successful kick through the goalposts after a try [PAR] A goal kick - three points are awarded for a penalty kick or drop goal through the posts [PAR] If both teams score the same amount of points, or no points are scored, then the match is a draw. In some cases, extra time is played to decide who wins. [PAR] DURATION [PAR] A game of rugby union has two periods of 40 minutes each. In international matches the referee will stop the clock for stoppages. [PAR] Between the two halves, there is a maximum 10-minute interval, after which both teams change ends. [PAR] The referee's whistle indicates the start and finish of the half. [PAR] Extra time will only be played if it's a knockout competition. [PAR] KICK-OFF [PAR] Before the start of the match, the referee tosses a coin to decide which team will kick off the match. [PAR] The captain of the team that wins the toss gets to decide which end he wants to attack first, or whether his side or the opposition will kick off. [PAR] The game is started by a place kick or a drop kick from the middle of the halfway line. [PAR] The ball must travel forwards at least 10 metres from the kick-off. If it does not, the opposition get the choice of a scrum or line-out on the halfway line, with the advantage of the feed or throw. [PAR] If a penalty or drop goal is scored during the game, play is restarted with a drop kick from the halfway line. The team that has conceded the points takes the kick. [PAR] THE BALL [PAR] Rugby union is played with an oval-shaped ball. [PAR] All balls must be between 28cm and 30cm in length (approximately 11-13 inches). [PAR] Most full-size balls weigh between 383 and 440 grammes (approximately 13.5-15.5 ounces) [PAR] Bookmark with:[DOC] [TLE] Scoring - Rugby Football History Rugby Football History [PAR] All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fred Dinenage: Murder Casebook - Brides in the Bath ... Fred Dinenage: Murder Casebook - Brides in the Bath Murders Extract - YouTube [PAR] Fred Dinenage: Murder Casebook - Brides in the Bath Murders Extract [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 25, 2011 [PAR] A short clip from the episode about George Joseph Smith known as the Brides in the Bath Murderer. (C) Talent TV South. First broadcast on Crime and Investigation Network. [PAR] Please visit www.talenttvsouth.com for more information or 'like' page at www.facebook.com/talenttvsouth. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sid James, Comedian - Bio & Facts - Redirectify.com Sid James, Comedian \u2022 Biography & Facts [PAR] Sid James [PAR] Comedian [PAR] Sid James (born Solomon Joel Cohen; 8 May 1913 \u2013 26 April 1976) was a South African-born English actor and comedian.Appearing in British films from 1947, he was cast in numerous small and supporting roles into the 1960s. His profile was raised as Tony Hancock 's co-star in Hancock's Half Hour, which ran on television from 1956 until 1960, and then he became known as a regular performer in the Carry On films. Meanwhile, his starring roles in television sitcoms continued for the rest of his life.Remembered for a lascivious persona, the Snopes website describing him as \"the grand old man of dirty laughter\", he became known for his amiability in his later television work. Bruce Forsyth described him as \"a natural at being natural.\" [PAR] Personal facts[DOC] [TLE] Sid James (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Sid James (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Sid James [PAR] Male [PAR] Born May 8, 1913 [PAR] Sid James was an English-based South African actor and comedian. He made his name as Tony Hancock's co-star in Hancock's Half Hour and also starred in the popular Carry On films. He was known for his trademark \"dirty laugh\" and lascivious persona. Bruce Forsyth described him as \"a natural at being natural.\"\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Ed2011 Comedy Review: Everything But An Astronaut (Carrot Napper Productions) Three Weeks News [PAR] Google News - Aug 20, 2011 [PAR] 'It features dozens of toe-curling innuendos that would make <mark>Sid James</mark> and Kenneth Williams groan with embarrassment, lowest-common-denominator pop-culture references more tired than a marathon-running narcoleptic,and grossly offensive swearwords that' [PAR] Carry On Up North! A Raucous Mix Of Social Realism And Slap And Tickle Sets ... Daily Mail [PAR] Google News - Aug 19, 2011 [PAR] 'Even though Bianca has nothing racier than a fish pie to put before Dan, it&#39;s difficult to shift images of <mark>Sid James</mark> and Barbara Windsor from your head. &#39;There are definitely some Carry On-style moments in Mount Pleasant \u00e2\u0080\u0093 but a lot more besides,&#39; says' [PAR] Cowboys And Their Bizarre Enemies Telegraph.Co.Uk [PAR] Google News - Aug 18, 2011 [PAR] 'The extra-terrestrial enemies in Cowboys And Aliens are following in the path of western baddies Dracula and <mark>Sid James</mark>. A battle scene from Cowboys And Aliens Photo: AP A battle scene from Cowboys And Aliens Photo: AP Daniel Craig, Olivia Wilde and' [PAR] That's Very Nearly An Armful: Red House Museum Pays Tribute To Tony Hancock Culture24 [PAR] Google News - Aug 17, 2011 [PAR] '<mark>Sid James</mark>, Kenneth Williams, John LeMesurier, Hattie Jacques, Richard Wattis and Bill Kerr all appeared with him on radio and TV. It is this popular legacy that Red House Museum is celebrating with this pictorial exhibition that mixes film clips and' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Sid James. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1913 Birth James was born Solomon Joel Cohen, on 8 May 1913, to Jewish parents, in South Africa, later changing his name to Sidney Joel Cohen, and then Sidney James. \u2026 Read More [PAR] His family lived on Hancock Street in Hillbrow, Johannesburg. Upon moving to Britain later in life, he claimed various previous occupations, including diamond cutter, dance tutor and boxer; in reality, he had trained and worked as a hairdresser. Read Less [PAR] TWENTIES [PAR] 1936 23 Years Old It was at a hairdressing salon in Kroonstad, Orange Free State, that he met his first wife. He married Berthe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Get Shorty: A Novel: Elmore Leonard ... - amazon.com Get Shorty: A Novel: Elmore Leonard: 9780062120250: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Elmore Leonard [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. [PAR] To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . [PAR] Carlos the Ant (Michael Gresham Legal Thrillers Book 4) [PAR] John Ellsworth [PAR] USA Today Bestseller John Ellsworth is burning up the Amazon charts. See why the Michael Gresham series made John Ellsworth a household name! [PAR] The Law Partners (Michael Gresham Legal Thrillers Book 3) [PAR] John Ellsworth [PAR] USA Today Bestseller John Ellsworth is burning up the Amazon charts. See why the Michael Gresham series made John Ellsworth a household name! [PAR] Marriage Can Be Murder (Dr. Benjamin Bones Mysteries Book 1) [PAR] Emma Jameson [PAR] First in a nostalgic cozy mystery series set in 1939 England. Handsome young Dr. Bones moves into a haunted house and must solve a murder. [PAR] Descent Into Hell by Robert Thomas [PAR] Robert Thomas [PAR] Angelic Edward quickly becomes the family's nightmare.Once an innocent child, he is now a serial killer looking for his next thrill.Can he be stopped? [PAR] Kindle Edition [PAR] The Sweet Smell of Murder (A Chocolate Centered Cozy Mystery Book 1) [PAR] Cindy Bell [PAR] If you like chocolate, a fun murder mystery and lovable pets, you will love this culinary cozy mystery! [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] From Publishers Weekly [PAR] Taking his latest fictive turn in Hollywood, Leonard, whose oeuvre includes screenplays as well as such bestselling novels as Glitz and Freaky Deaky , adds insider knowledge to his signature humor in this roundly satisfying behind-the-scenes tour of filmdom. Slightly disaffected Chili Palmer, a small-time loan shark with big-time style, is a vintage Leonard hero. Following a bad debt from Miami to Las Vegas and on to Beverly Hills, Chili hooks up with Harry Zimm, once a leading director of grade-B horror flicks, now trying to make a comeback. While succumbing to the siren call of celluloid, Chili also narrows in on the bad debt, in the process running up against a sharp-dressing hood with whose money Harry has played too loose. In Leonard's seamless handling, the complex plot flows through twists of revenge, murder and romance, as Chili, his authentic cool making a mark in the capital of sham (\"Don't talk when you don't have to\" is his very un-Hollywood motto), cagily gets it together with Karen Flores, Harry's former lover and featured star. A perfect resolution puts punch in the title and will keep readers smiling for days. Chili and his story are Leonard's best yet. First serial rights to Rolling Stone; BOMC and QPB selections; major ad/promo, author tour. [PAR] Copyright 1990 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. [PAR] \u201cThe greatest crime writer of our time, perhaps ever!\u201d (The New York Times Book Review) [PAR] \u201cAn absolute master.\u201d (The Detroit News) [PAR] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . [PAR] Ignite your imagination [PAR] with these editor's picks from Kindle books. See more [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Publisher: William Morrow Paperbacks; Reprint edition (November 29, 2011) [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Shipping Weight: 8 ounces ( View shipping rates and policies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Artist known for his Blue Period - Crossword Clue Answer ... Artist known for his Blue Period - Crossword Clue Answer | Crossword Heaven [PAR] Universal - August 04, 2011 [PAR] Washington Post - February 03, 2004 [PAR] Found an answer for the clue Artist known for his Blue Period that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better![DOC] [TLE] Artist known for his Blue Period - crossword puzzle clue Artist known for his Blue Period - crossword puzzle clue [PAR] Help [PAR] Clue: Artist known for his Blue Period [PAR] Artist known for his Blue Period is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted 1 time. There are related clues (shown below). [PAR] Referring crossword puzzle answers [PAR] Likely related crossword puzzle clues [PAR] Sort A-Z"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1994 FIFA World Cup (USA '94) - U.S. Soccer 1994 FIFA World Cup (USA '94) - U.S. Soccer [PAR] U.S. Soccer [PAR] Licensees [PAR] World Cup USA 1994 was the most successful event in FIFA history, demonstrating that the United States is without peer in staging major international events, and that Americans can embrace the world\u2019s most popular sport. [PAR] The cumulative attendance of 3,587,538 broke the previous record by more than 1 million, and the average attendance for the 52-game tournament of 68,991 also established a new mark. U.S. stadia were filled to approximately 96 percent capacity during the World Cup. [PAR] The success of the U.S. team, which advanced to the round of 16 for the first time since 1930, helped boost already high U.S. television ratings. Approximately 11 million Americans were tuned in to the USA vs. Brazil round of 16 match on July 4, an all-time high for soccer in the United States. [PAR] In the final, after a scoreless regulation and overtime, Brazil defeated Italy on penalty kicks 3-2 to become the first country to win four World Cup titles. [PAR] World Cup matches were played at nine venues \u2014 the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, Calif. (including the final); Foxboro (Mass.) Stadium; Soldier Field in Chicago; the Cotton Bowl in Dallas; the Pontiac (Mich.) Silverdome; Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, N.J.; the Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Fla.; Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, Calif.; and RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. [PAR] World Cup USA 1994 also left behind a legacy for soccer in the U.S. A surplus of approximately $50 million \u2014 more than double original projections \u2014 was contributed to the U.S. Soccer Foundation, the U.S. Soccer organization created to administer the World Cup surplus. Improved training facilities and renovated stadiums in World Cup communities, upgraded to meet FIFA standards, will serve as a reminder of the success of World Cup USA 1994 for years to come. [PAR] Follow Us"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mallon: Solheim's good sport - USA Today Mallon: Solheim's good sport [PAR] PHOTO: Meg Mallon of Natick, Mass. (Tom Hanson, AP) [PAR] Mallon: Solheim's good sport [PAR] By Jerry Potter, USA TODAY [PAR] The last time the Solheim Cup was contested in Scotland, John Mallon walked every step around the golf course with his daughter Meg. [PAR] He was outside the ropes, spectating, and she was inside, competing for the USA against Europe in 1992 at Dalmahoy near Edinburgh. Those who walked near him still can remember him cheering for his daughter in a hushed tone. [PAR] Mallon vs. Europe [PAR] Born: April 14, 1963, at Natick, Mass. Resides: Ocean Ridge, Fla. [PAR] Mallon's Solheim Cup match-play records through the years: [PAR] 1992 2-1-0 [PAR] 1998 2-1-1 [PAR] Total 7-3-4 [PAR] \"Come on Meggie; come on Meggie,\" he would say in a voice so low that no one could be offended. [PAR] His Meggie has gone on to become a fixture in the Solheim Cup, playing as a qualifier on U.S. teams that have challenged Europe every two years since '92. She's a vital part of this year's team, which returns to Scotland for the matches Friday through Sunday at Loch Lomond near Glasgow. [PAR] \"I don't go near my father when I compete because he's so nervous,\" Meg says. \"My mother has a different attitude. No matter what happens, she smiles and says, 'Oh well, she tried.' \" [PAR] Parents in attendance [PAR] The Mallons, John and Marian, are in Scotland this weekend to cheer for Meg and her teammates . In the past four Cups, Mallon has compiled a record of 7-3-4, but more important she has demonstrated an attitude that epitomizes the spirit of the Solheim Cup. [PAR] In '98, on the last day of competition, Mallon gave Europe's Sophie Gustafson the final hole of their singles match so they would halve the match. The score didn't change the outcome of the Solheim Cup. The USA retained it by four points. [PAR] The next morning at breakfast John Mallon was asked what he thought of his daughter's decision. \"Class,\" he answered. [PAR] Meg said she had planned to give away her victory as long as it wouldn't hurt the team. She had asked her captain, Judy Rankin, to meet her in the fairway at the 18th hole at Muirfield Village in Dublin, Ohio. [PAR] \"I asked Judy if it was OK if I conceded the match,\" Mallon recalls. \"She said, 'You do what you want to do.' I felt good about my decision because we'd both played so well. Each of us were under par. I didn't think that either one of us deserved to lose the match.\" [PAR] Character of the Cup [PAR] LPGA Commissioner Ty Votaw says Mallon embodies the ethos of the Solheim Cup, which was created by the late Karsten Solheim to promote women's golf and his family business, Ping golf equipment. [PAR] \"Dottie Pepper probably represents the competitive nature of the Cup,\" Votaw says, \"but Meg Mallon represents the character of the Cup. Meg gears up her game every year to make the Solheim Cup. She gets so psyched up about it that I can't even talk with her about the team. She's competitive, but she doesn't forget the fellowship that exists between the two teams.\" [PAR] Mallon made her first Solheim Cup in '92 mainly because she won two majors, the LPGA Championship and the U.S. Women's Open, in a span of three weeks in '91. At that time she looked like a player for all majors. She was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Allergic rhinitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Allergic rhinitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] Headache [PAR] Exams and Tests [PAR] The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You will be asked whether your symptoms vary by time of day or season, and exposure to pets or other allergens. [PAR] Allergy testing may reveal the pollen or other substances that trigger your symptoms. Skin testing is the most common method of allergy testing. [PAR] If your doctor determines you cannot have skin testing, special blood tests may help with the diagnosis. These tests, known as IgE RAST tests, can measure the levels of allergy-related substances. [PAR] A complete blood count (CBC) test, called the eosinophil count, may also help diagnose allergies. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] LIFESTYLE AND AVOIDING ALLERGENS [PAR] The best treatment is to avoid the pollens that cause your symptoms. It may be impossible to avoid all pollen. But you can often take steps to reduce your exposure . [PAR] You may be prescribed medicine to treat allergic rhinitis. The medicine your doctor prescribes depends on your symptoms and how severe they are. Your age and whether you have other medical conditions, such as asthma, will also be considered. [PAR] For mild allergic rhinitis, a nasal wash can help remove mucus from the nose. You can buy a saline solution at a drug store or make one at home using 1 cup (240 milliliters) of warm water, half a teaspoon (3 grams) of salt, and pinch of baking soda. [PAR] Treatments for allergic rhinitis include: [PAR] ANTIHISTAMINES [PAR] Medicines called antihistamines work well for treating allergy symptoms. They may be used when symptoms do not happen often or do not last long. Be aware of the following: [PAR] Many antihistamines taken by mouth can be bought without a prescription. [PAR] Some can cause sleepiness. You should not drive or operate machines after taking this type of medicine. [PAR] Others cause little or no sleepiness. [PAR] Antihistamine nasal sprays work well for treating allergic rhinitis. Ask your doctor if you should try these medicines first. [PAR] CORTICOSTEROIDS [PAR] Nasal corticosteroid sprays are the most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. [PAR] They work best when used nonstop, but they can also be helpful when used for shorter periods of time. [PAR] Corticosteroid sprays are generally safe for children and adults. [PAR] Many brands are available. You can buy three brands without a prescription. For all other brands, you will need a prescription from your doctor. [PAR] DECONGESTANTS [PAR] Decongestants may also be helpful for reducing symptoms such as nasal stuffiness. [PAR] Do not use nasal spray decongestants for more than 3 days. [PAR] OTHER MEDICINES [PAR] Leukotriene inhibitors are prescription medicines that block leukotrienes. These are the chemicals the body releases in response to an allergen that also trigger symptoms. [PAR] ALLERGY SHOTS [PAR] Allergy shots (immunotherapy) are sometimes recommended if you cannot avoid the pollen and your symptoms are hard to control. This includes regular shots of the pollen you are allergic to. Each dose is slightly larger than the dose before it, until you reach the dose that helps control your symptoms. Allergy shots may help your body adjust to the pollen that is causing the reaction. [PAR] SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY TREATMENT (SLIT) [PAR] Instead of shots, medicine put under the tongue may help for grass and ragweed allergies. [PAR] Outlook (Prognosis) [PAR] Most symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be treated. More severe cases need allergy shots. [PAR] Some people, especially children, may outgrow an allergy as the immune system becomes less sensitive to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rizzio - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus Rizzio - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus [PAR] Rizzio [PAR] David Rizzio | Davide Rizzio | Davide Riccio | Davide Rizzo [PAR] (Born: about 1533 \u2013 Died: 9 March 1566) [PAR] an Italian courtier, born close to Turin, a descendant of an ancient and noble family still living in Piedmont, the Riccio Counts de San Paolo et Solbrito, who rose to become the private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary's husband, Lord Darnley,...[DOC] [TLE] David Rizzio | Tumblr David Rizzio | Tumblr [PAR] David Rizzio [PAR] Grid View List View [PAR] If Mary/Bash were end game [PAR] If Mary and Bash were endgame built up over many seasons and many years, I wouldn\u2019t mind too much, then Mary\u2019s love life would end on a high note as opposed to the real Mary who\u2019s last husband might have raped her (even if he didn\u2019t, Bothwell doesn\u2019t seem like a very trustworthy character). [PAR] If Kenna died and Francis died and Mary and Bash became friends over the later seasons and if their characters grew, then I wouldn\u2019t mind it if the last few episodes were dedicated to Mash love. It\u2019d make the show come full circle in a way\u2026 [PAR] But I can also see this show substituting Bash for the David Rizzio-like character (though having an older, Jewish character* like the real Rizzio would be a nice change from the typical CW Gentile, pale, pretty look*). If he is the Rizzio-like character then they might kill him off in a couple of seasons (if we get that far), which I also wouldn\u2019t mind too much since this show hasn\u2019t used his character well at all. [PAR] * I read that David Rizzio was a middle aged, Italian, Jewish musician, so he\u2019d be the complete opposite of most of the characters on this show looks, age, and religious-wise, which is a nice contrast. He could have fled from religious persecution in other parts of Europe, similar to how many Protestants were persecuted. Plus we don\u2019t hear much about Jewish people in historical dramas unless it\u2019s based around the Holocaust or features characters from the Bible/Torah. Reign could cast an amazing, underrated character actor in the part instead of the typical, 20-30 year old hot dudes that the CW always uses.* [PAR] Thoughts? [PAR] Audition transcript for David Rizzio [PAR] Bothwell: You, sir. What is your business? Are you armed? [PAR] Rizzio: Mary. [PAR] Bothwell: Do you know this poor soul? [PAR] Mary: No. [PAR] Rizzio: I have a message for you before you are wed. [PAR] Bothwell: You\u2019re clearly unwell, sir. [PAR] Mary: Bothwell, let him finish. [PAR] Rizzio: You shall have an heir or love. But not both. If you have a child then it shall be a son and it will rule both countries, England and Scotland, united at last and in peace. That is your fate. It is a choice that once made is immutable. [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] Rizzio: They call me David, David Rizzio. I\u2019m a merchant from Turin. [PAR] Mary: And what brought you to Scotland? [PAR] Rizzio: The prospect of business. But then, when I was on the road, something \u2013 a snake, I think \u2013 it spooked my horse and it threw me. I fell and I hit my head. Then when I woke up the horse was long gone and I was in the company of druids. One of them \u2013 the man who rescued me, I think \u2013 he said he had an urgent message for Mary. You\u2019re Mary, aren\u2019t you? Mary, Queen of Scots? [PAR] Mary: I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Dempsey was heavyweight champion from 1919 to 1926. Jack Dempsey was heavyweight champion from 1919 to 1926. [PAR] Jack Dempsey [PAR] Jack-Dempsey [PAR] Jack Dempsey was heavyweight champion from 1919 to 1926. His aggressive style and punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history. He was the first boxer to have the first million dollar gate and many of his fights set financial and attendance records . He is listed #10 on The Ring\u2019s list of all-time heavyweights and #7 among its Top 100 Greatest Punchers. [PAR] Title fight and controversy [PAR] On July 4 1919 at Toledo, Ohio, Dempsey and the then world heavyweight champion Jess Willard met for the world title. Some predicted a victory for Dempsey against the vastly larger champion but many called the fight of modern David and Goliath. Dempsey knocked down Willard seven times all in the first round and Willard\u2019s corner would not let him answer the bell for the fourth round. Willard was reported to have suffered a broken jaw, broken ribs, several broken teeth and a number of deep fractures to his facial bones \u2013 an unprecedented level of damage in boxing which aroused suspicion that Dempsey had cheated. [PAR] The \u201cloaded gloves theory\u201d became widely known when Kearns stated (January 20, 1964 Sports Illustrated.) that he had applied plaster of paris to the customary wrappings under Dempsey\u2019s gloves. Also boxing Historian J.J. Johnston said that the film of the fight shows Willard upon entering the ring walking over to Dempsey and examining his hands\u201d which was not a normal procedure \u2013 implies he was concerned about foul play, Willard later claimed to have been defeated by gangsterism. [PAR] Title defense [PAR] Dempsey\u2019s next important fight was against Frenchman Georges Carpentier and took place on July 2, 1921 at Boyle\u2019s Thirty Acres, Jersey City. Carpentier was a war hero during WWI and was a popular figure on both sides of the Atlantic. Their fight was the first to generate the first million dollar gate in boxing history making the event the first national radio broadcast reaching mostly homemade radio sets after first being telegraphed to KDKA for broadcast. In the 3rd round Dempsey began to take charge and administered a brutal beating to Carpentier and eventually stopped him in the fourth round. [PAR] Last successful title defense [PAR] In September 1923 at New York\u2019s Polo Grounds Dempsey fought young contender Luis Angel Firpo, from Argentina and won a 2nd-round KO. Firpo was knocked down repeatedly but continued to fight back, even knocking Dempsey down twice. The second time Dempsey was floored he went sailing head first through the ring ropes, landing on a reporter\u2019s typewriter, and taking several more seconds than the ten stipulated by the rules. This fight was transmitted live to Buenos Aires by radio, and people gathered in the streets to listen to it through primitive amplifiers. [PAR] First fight against Tunney [PAR] In September 1926, Dempsey fought Gene Tunney in Philadelphia Dempsey and lost his title on points in ten rounds. Tunney was an excellent boxer who had lost only once in his career. Dempsey could no longer display his legendary punching power or hand speed, and was easily outboxed by Tunney who would dodge, use excellent pad level, and then let loose with a salvo of punches of his own. [PAR] \u2018The \u201cLong Count Fight\u2019 [PAR] The rematch took place in Chicago, Illinois, on September 22, generating an amazing $2 million gate. Dempsey was behind points when he knocked Tunney down in the seventh round. A new rule for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Bald Bird Discovered in Laos | WIRED New Bald Bird Discovered in Laos | WIRED [PAR] New Bald Bird Discovered in Laos [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] On Twitter [PAR] 2 hours [PAR] Panasonic responds to the demands of a 4K HDR world with a beastly camera that's better suited for video. wrd.cm/2hRaUoV [PAR] Author: Hadley Leggett. Hadley Leggett Science [PAR] Date of Publication: 07.29.09. [PAR] Time of Publication: 7:00 pm. [PAR] 7:00 pm [PAR] New Bald Bird Discovered in Laos [PAR] A rare bald songbird has been hiding out in the rocky limestone cliffs of central Laos. [PAR] Dubbed the \u201cbare-faced bulbul\u201d because of its unusual feather-free head, the newly discovered species is the only example of a bald songbird in Asia and the first new type of bulbul reported in the last hundred years. [PAR] It\u2019s not clear how such a distinctive-looking bird escaped detection for so long, but the creature\u2019s preference for rugged terrain probably played a role. The rocky limestone-dominated regions of Laos are generally uninhabitable by humans but home to a variety of unique animals, including new species of rabbit and rat discovered in the last decade. [PAR] Biologist Robert J. Timmins of the Wildlife Conservation Society caught a glimpse in 1995 of what looked like a songbird with a bald head. He recorded the strange sighting in his field notebook, but omitted it from published account, because the idea of a bald bulbul seemed far-fetched. [PAR] \u201cRJT subsequently weathered a fair amount of good-natured ribbing on relating the sighting to skeptical colleagues,\u201d wrote the researchers in a paper introducing the new bird, published July in the birding journal Forktail. [PAR] Now, 13 years later, Timmins has been vindicated: Two more scientists spotted a small grey bird with an orange, featherless face and a distinctive song. Using recordings of the first animal\u2019s call, the researchers attracted at least six more of the bizarre bald-faced birds. They captured one and sent it to a museum to compare with known species to confirm it is a new species, which the scientists named Pycnonotus hualon. [PAR] \u201cBald songbirds are unusual in general, not only in Asia,\u201d wrote conservation biologist Peter Clyne of the Wildlife Conservation Society. \u201cWhile in some birds, such as the vultures, it probably evolved as a feature that enabled more efficient feeding, in many species it is more likely that baldness evolved as a means of display.\u201d [PAR] No one knows exactly why this particular bulbul went bald, but Clyne suspects its featherless face evolved as a way to attract mates. So take note, middle-aged men: Bald is beautiful, at least if you\u2019re a bird."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Introducing the Players of Field Lacrosse - For Dummies Introducing the Players of Field Lacrosse - dummies [PAR] Introducing the Players of Field Lacrosse [PAR] Introducing the Players of Field Lacrosse [PAR] Introducing the Players of Field Lacrosse [PAR] While box lacrosse is played mainly in Canada, an outdoor version of lacrosse is more popular in the United States. Field lacrosse is most popular in the northeastern U.S. (though since the 1980s, the game has spread throughout the U.S.) and differs from its box brother in many ways. [PAR] Though a summertime professional outdoor league called Major League Lacrosse (MLL) started in 2000, the most popular form of field lacrosse has always been played in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The collegiate field season starts in late February and runs through May. It is played by roughly 250 U.S. colleges and universities, spanning the Division I, II, and III, and junior college varsity levels. The International Lacrosse Federation sponsors a World Lacrosse Championship once every four years between countries around the world. [PAR] Because of the significantly larger playing field (110 by 60 yards as opposed to 200 feet by 85 feet in box lacrosse), a field lacrosse team, well, fields a few more players than a box lacrosse team. A men\u2019s field lacrosse team includes nine players, plus a goaltender; a women\u2019s team has eleven players, plus the goalie. The rest of this article introduces you to the field participants and the roles they play. [PAR] Though field lacrosse teams have more players on the field at once, each team is allowed a maximum of six players (plus the goalie) on one-half of the field at any one time. That is, when in their offensive zone, a men\u2019s field lacrosse team must keep three players (plus the goalie) behind the midfield line. Of course, it\u2019s not six on ten for them, as their opponent can only have seven players defending the zone (plus the goalie) at the same time. [PAR] This so-called field split in outdoor lacrosse forces more specialization in playing positions. The four main positions are attackmen, midfielders, defensemen, and goalies, though each position includes even more specific roles. Teams employ lines of three attackmen, three midfielders, and three defensemen. [PAR] Attacking the goal: The attackmen are the primary offensive weapons looking to feed and score. They create most of the offense and generally do not play defense, serving as three players kept on the opposite side of the midline while the ball is at the other end. It\u2019s not uncommon for the attackmen to stay on the field the whole game. Many attackmen have the ability to both feed and score, but some focus on only one of those offensive elements. [PAR] Playing both ways: Midfielders play offense and defense, following the flow of the game and getting involved at both ends of the field. Midfielders, or \u201cmiddies,\u201d are crucial to a team\u2019s transition offense and defense. Teams generally run three lines consisting of three midfielders each. For example, some midfields may be defensive specialists, coming on the field only in certain situations, while others may only play faceoffs and then run off the field. However, many midfielders also run regular midfield shifts, and a select few are dangerous offensive weapons. Although the three field players with longer sticks play defense, a fourth long stick can be used in the midfield. [PAR] Creating a first line of defense: The defensemen generally stay on their half of the field while their team is on offense, though they are allowed to cross the midline in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basic Breads - How To Cooking Tips - RecipeTips.com Basic Breads - How To Cooking Tips - RecipeTips.com [PAR] Country or region of origin: various [PAR] Type of flour used: various [PAR] Description: Artisan bread refers to different types of bread that are prepared by a skilled baker and are handcrafted through each step of the process. During the preparation process, the bread artisan mixes the perfect balance of all-natural ingredients and bakes the bread using the optimum oven temperature and baking time to create a product with an excellent crumb and crust. Some varieties of artisan bread have a very light and delicate flavor while others may have a very pronounced flavor depending on the ingredients and the preparation techniques that were used. [PAR] Bagel [PAR] Country or region of origin: Eastern Europe [PAR] Type of flour used: various, but mostly white all-purpose, unbleached bread flour, whole-wheat , and rye flour [PAR] Description: A bagel is a chewy doughnut shaped yeast bread that is very popular worldwide. The bagel originated in eastern Europe where at one time it was among the most common breads in Jewish households. It is now believed that the best bagels are made in New York City bakeries from recipes and techniques brought to the United States by Jewish immigrants. [PAR] Before baking, bagels are poached for a short time. This technique prevents the dough from rising any further during baking, which creates the characteristic soft and chewy texture. Many types of flour are used, but white all-purpose, unbleached or bread flour, whole-wheat, and rye flour are most often used. Some bagels are plain while others include numerous ingredients that are incorporated with the dough or used as a topping, such as cheese, onions, garlic, pieces of fruit or vegetables, seeds, herbs, spices, or coarse salt. Bagels are often sliced into two flat rings and eaten plain, toasted, or spread with cream cheese or other ingredients. [PAR] Baguette [PAR] Country or region of origin: France [PAR] Type of flour used: white flour (wheat) - usually a combination of all-purpose flour and unbleached bread flour [PAR] Description: A baguette is a basic type of yeast bread that originated in France. The name of this traditional French bread translates to little rod, which describes the long, thin shape that is characteristic of the loaf. A baguette is usually 1 1/2 to 2 feet in length and 3 to 4 inches in diameter. [PAR] The term baguette may be used to describe a variety of breads that all have the baguette shape in common, but may originate from different countries of regions. The dough for a French baguette is usually made with wheat flour and the bread has a soft, chewy interior surrounded by a crispy, brown crust. The dough can also be used for variations in the shape of the bread including split rolls known as pistolets and a shape that resembles an ear of wheat known as a pain d'epi. [PAR] Bangeli Bread [PAR] Country or region of origin: Switzerland [PAR] Type of flour used: white flour (wheat) [PAR] Description: A Swiss bread loaf that is an adaptation of German and French white breads. Bangeli bread has a long baguette shape , which often has several horizontal slashes across the top. The bread features a thick crust and a chewy interior similar to French bread. It is used much the same as similar white breads of German or French origin: as a sandwich bread when thinly sliced; as a bread used for toasting, topped with preserves or jellies; as a bread served with cheese"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Murcia | region, Spain | Britannica.com Murcia | region, Spain | Britannica.com [PAR] Murcia [PAR] Cartagena [PAR] Murcia, comunidad aut\u00f3noma (autonomous community) and historical region of southeastern Spain that is coextensive with the provincia (province) of Murcia. It is bounded by the autonomous communities of Castile\u2013La Mancha to the north, Valencia to the east, and Andalusia to the west; the Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. The autonomous community of Murcia was established under the statute of autonomy of June 9, 1982. The capital is Murcia city. Area 4,368 square miles (11,313 square km). Pop. (2007 est.) 1,392,117. [PAR] Revolcadores massif, near Moratalla, Murcia, Spain. [PAR] Lionni [PAR] Geography [PAR] The Baetic Cordillera in the southern portion of Murcia borders the Mediterranean and declines eastward into the plain of Cartagena . The tableland of Jumilla and Yecla rises in the northern portion of Murcia. To the west of Murcia is the pre-Baetic cordillera. The Segura River runs northwest to southeast through the centre of Murcia, irrigating the rich huertas (irrigated farming plots that are usually family-run) in the valleys of the Baetic Cordillera. Annual precipitation in the region is very low, ranging from about 7 inches (170 mm) around Cape Ti\u00f1oso to about 11 inches (280 mm) in Cartagena. Temperatures are high and show relatively little seasonal variation. [PAR] The population of the plain of Cartagena is sparse, and the isolated farmsteads and small villages are located where there is water. Emigration from Murcia has been considerable since 1900. The dialect in the countryside is called Panocho, and it reflects Arab, Catalan, and Aragonese influences. [PAR] Intensive irrigation supports a dense population in the huertas on the satellite farming communities around the city of Murcia. The autonomous community has relied on water transfer for irrigation since the 1960s, mainly through the Tagus-Segura river scheme. By the early 21st century, however, water supplies had been depleted, and the transfer of water had to be approved by the central government in Madrid. Minifundios (small farms) predominate in the huertas, while the growth of small-scale industries in the towns has allowed many underemployed agricultural workers to work part-time in factories. The traditional dwelling of the Murcian huerta is the barraca, a thatched farmhouse, oftentimes decorated with jasmine and geraniums. The populations of the ports of Cartagena, Mazarr\u00f3n, and Aguilas have grown with the development of shipping and mining along the coastal plain. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Andalusia [PAR] About one-half of the land under cultivation is dry-farmed, mainly for barley and grapes to make wine, but this accounts for only a small percentage of the autonomous community\u2019s agricultural output and is gradually losing ground to irrigated farming. The principal crops of the irrigated huertas are tomatoes, peppers, plums, peaches, grapes, oranges, lemons, apricots, and melons. Pigs are bred. [PAR] The food-processing industry is concentrated along the Segura River and has absorbed some of the surplus workforce from the surrounding huertas. Cartagena has emerged as an industrial centre of the first order, exploiting the coast\u2019s resources of lead, zinc, and salt. A petrochemical complex at Escombreras has established Cartagena as one of Europe\u2019s leading petrochemical centres. The service sector has benefited from the development of tourism along the coast. [PAR] History [PAR] Castile annexed the kingdom of Murcia in 1243, thereby securing access to the Mediterranean and challenging the southern expansion of the Crown of Aragon . Castile ceded part of Murcia to the kingdom of Valencia in 1304, and the remaining territory was divided into the provinces of Murcia and Albacete in 1833."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas DeCarlo Callaway - MusicBrainz CeeLo Green - MusicBrainz [PAR] CeeLo Green [PAR] Cee\u2010Lo Green [PAR] 1 [PAR] Showing official release groups by this artist. Show all release groups instead , or show various artists release groups . [PAR] Artist information[DOC] [TLE] Thomas DeCarlo Callaway History - %name% Net Worth Thomas DeCarlo Callaway History - Cee Lo Green Net Worth [PAR] Thomas DeCarlo Callaway History [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Cee Lo Green [PAR] Cee Lo Green Net Worth is $22 Million. Cee Lo Green is a singer/songwriter, producer and rapper with a net worth of $22 million. Cee Lo Green earned his net worth through his singing and rapping performances as a duo, in a group, and solo, as well as. Thomas DeCarlo Callaway (bor... [PAR] Cee Lo Green Net Worth is $22 Million. [PAR] Cee Lo Green Net Worth is $22 Million. Cee Lo Green is a singer/songwriter, producer and rapper with a net worth of $22 million. Cee Lo Green earned his net worth through his singing and rapping performances as a duo, in a group, and solo, as well as Thomas DeCarlo Callaway , better known by his stage name Cee Lo Green, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer and actor. He originally came to prominence as a member of the southern hip hop group Goodie Mob, later launching a critically acclaimed solo career and forming Gnarls Barkley with DJ Danger Mouse. [PAR] Internationally, Cee Lo is best known for his hip hop work and Gnarls Barkley's 2006 worldwide hit \"Crazy\", which reached number one in various singles charts worldwide, including the UK. In the United States, \"Crazy\" reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100. Parent album St. Elsewhere was also a hit, reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart and number four on the US Billboard 200 album charts. Gnarls Barkley's second album, The Odd Couple , was less successful and missed the top ten in both the UK and U.S., where it charted at number 12 in the U.S. and 18 in the UK. [PAR] In 2010, Cee Lo took a break from recording with Gnarls Barkley..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Historic Figures: George Orwell (1903 - 1950) BBC - History - Historic Figures: George Orwell (1903 - 1950) [PAR] Historic Figures [PAR] z [PAR] George Orwell \u00a9 Orwell was a British journalist and author, who wrote two of the most famous novels of the 20th century 'Animal Farm' and 'Nineteen Eighty-Four'. [PAR] Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair on 25 June 1903 in eastern India, the son of a British colonial civil servant. He was educated in England and, after he left Eton, joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, then a British colony. He resigned in 1927 and decided to become a writer. In 1928, he moved to Paris where lack of success as a writer forced him into a series of menial jobs. He described his experiences in his first book, 'Down and Out in Paris and London', published in 1933. He took the name George Orwell, shortly before its publication. This was followed by his first novel, 'Burmese Days', in 1934. [PAR] An anarchist in the late 1920s, by the 1930s he had begun to consider himself a socialist. In 1936, he was commissioned to write an account of poverty among unemployed miners in northern England, which resulted in 'The Road to Wigan Pier' (1937). Late in 1936, Orwell travelled to Spain to fight for the Republicans against Franco's Nationalists. He was forced to flee in fear of his life from Soviet-backed communists who were suppressing revolutionary socialist dissenters. The experience turned him into a lifelong anti-Stalinist. [PAR] Between 1941 and 1943, Orwell worked on propaganda for the BBC. In 1943, he became literary editor of the Tribune, a weekly left-wing magazine. By now he was a prolific journalist, writing articles, reviews and books. [PAR] In 1945, Orwell's 'Animal Farm' was published. A political fable set in a farmyard but based on Stalin's betrayal of the Russian Revolution, it made Orwell's name and ensured he was financially comfortable for the first time in his life. 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' was published four years later. Set in an imaginary totalitarian future, the book made a deep impression, with its title and many phrases - such as 'Big Brother is watching you', 'newspeak' and 'doublethink' - entering popular use. By now Orwell's health was deteriorating and he died of tuberculosis on 21 January 1950.[DOC] [TLE] The Political Ideas of George Orwell | The Socialist Party ... The Political Ideas of George Orwell | The Socialist Party of Great Britain [PAR] The Political Ideas of George Orwell [PAR] George Orwell [PAR] George Orwell is the pseudonym of Eric Blair who was born at Mothari, India on 25 June 1903; educated at St Cyprian's preparatory school, Eastbourne where he won a scholarship to Eton and. after completing his education, worked as a policeman in Burma, attaining the rank of sub-divisional officer, a private tutor, school teacher and an assistant in a book shop. He fought against the fascists in Spain in 1935-37, worked for the BBC for a time during the Second World War and for Tribune after the war. From about 1930 he tried to earn his living as a writer, finally achieving outstanding success with his last two novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty Four ( 1949). His last years were dogged by tuberculosis and he died in London on 21 January 1950. [PAR] Orwell was a fine, though somewhat confused, journalist who became famous for the plain style of writing evident in his essays; his successful attempt to make political writing an art; his famous satires on totalitarianism; his search for objectivity and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brit Awards 2010 winners: Lady GaGa, Lily Allen and JLS ... Brit Awards 2010 winners: Lady GaGa, Lily Allen and JLS | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] The Spice Girls were honoured with the prize for Best Brits Performance of 30 Years while Robbie Williams was handed the Outstanding Contribution to Music and sang a medley of hits past and present. [PAR] The Brit Awards rarely pass without incident and Liam Gallagher duly provided some controversy by swearing on the live show. [PAR] Picking up the award for Best Album of 30 Years, the Oasis frontman thanked the early members of the band, with the exception of older brother Noel, who walked out on the group last summer. [PAR] Arriving alone on stage, he yelled into the microphone: 'Listen kids. I want to thank Bonehead, Guigsy and Alan White. The best band in the f***ing world. Live forever.' [PAR] He then threw the microphone into the audience before wandering into the crowd and leaving the stage. [PAR] As he left the stage, host Peter Kay remarked: 'What a knobhead.' Viewer Antonia Holland has set up a group on Facebook called Peter Kay's reply to Liam Gallagher at the Brits which now has over 54,000 fans. [PAR] Delighted: Florence and the Machine with her Best British Album award and Jay-Z accepts the award for the Best International Male Solo Artist [PAR] She's got the Lungs: Florence performed on stage with Dizzee Rascal with a mash-up of her hit You've Got The Love and his hit Dirty Cash [PAR] One fan Deirdre Stirling posted: 'Liam Gallagher is a rude spoilt brat who has rested on his brother's talents for far too long. Deeply disturbed young man with no manners!' [PAR] Lily Allen opened the show in a black corset dress and made her entry on to the stage on a suspended glittering rocket before walking down a giant staircase. [PAR] She was joined on stage by paratroopers dressed in pink military camouflage and women pushing Silver Cross prams. [PAR] Host Peter Kay called for 'responsible fun' and warned the stars he would sound a horn if they rambled on too much. [PAR] Sam Fox, who presented the Brits in 1989 with Mick Fleetwood and famously fluffed her lines, was then brought on stage. [PAR] She presented the award for the most memorable Brits moment, a special gong to mark the show's 30th anniversary, to Spice Girls Melanie Brown and Geri Halliwell. [PAR] The girlband's 1997 performance of Who Do You Think You Are? which saw Geri wear the iconic skimpy Union Jack dress was 'overwhelmingly' voted as the Best Brit Performance of 30 Years by GMTV viewers. [PAR] Kasabian performed their 2009 top-five hit Fire, complete with screens of blazing flames. [PAR] Other performances came from Florence and the Machine, who won Best Album for her debut Lungs, who dueted with Dizzee Rascal. [PAR] Jay-Z and Alicia Keys also performed their track Empire State Of Mind. [PAR] A NIGHT OF LOWLIGHTS AND AWARDS FOR THE BIG SELLERS [PAR] by PAUL CONNOLLY [PAR] Try to erase the memory of Jonathan Ross as the world\u2019s most embarrassing gangsta dad and Cheryl Cole\u2019s shockingly personality-deficient and badly lip-synched performance. [PAR] Instead, let\u2019s focus on the Brit Awards themselves and the apportioning thereof. Did the voters get them right? [PAR] Well, the big winners were the big sellers, Lady Gaga and JLS. The erstwhile Stefani Germanotta won every international category apart from Best Male, although host Peter Kay suggested even that had been a close thing. [PAR] Double act:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Qom | Iran | Britannica.com Qom | Iran | Britannica.com [PAR] Iran [PAR] Qom, also spelled Qum , city , capital of Qom province, north-central Iran . The city lies on both banks of the R\u016bd-e Qom and beside a salt desert, the Dasht-e Kav\u012br , 92 miles (147 km) south of Tehr\u0101n . [PAR] Dome of the Shrine of F\u0101\u1e6dimah, Qom, Iran. [PAR] Kurt Scholz/Shostal Associates [PAR] In the 8th century Qom was one of the centres of Sh\u012b\u02bfite Islam . In 816 F\u0101\u1e6dimah , the sister of the eighth imam of the Twelver Sh\u012b\u02bfites, \u02bfAl\u012b al-Ri\u1e0d\u0101, died in the town and was buried there. It became a place of pilgrimage in the 17th century, when the \u1e62afavid rulers built a golden-domed shrine over F\u0101\u1e6dimah\u2019s tomb. [PAR] The modern city has the largest madrasah (theological college) in the country, where students can specialize in Islamic law, philosophy, theology, and logic. It was at Qom that the Iranian army surrendered to Islamic revolutionary militia in 1979. Following the Islamic Revolution in Iran early in 1979, the revolution\u2019s principal figure, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , again took up residence in Qom, whence he had been exiled by the shah, and made the town his seat. [PAR] Some 10 kings and 400 Islamic saints are interred in Qom and its neighbourhood. Sh\u0101h \u02bfAbb\u0101s II is buried there in a special mausoleum richly adorned with 14 fine silk rugs, dated 1666. On the southern side of the city is a group of five mausoleums (mostly 14th century) distinguished by remarkable polychrome stucco ornaments. [PAR] Qom has developed into a lively industrial centre owing in part to its proximity to Tehr\u0101n. It is a regional centre for the distribution of petroleum and petroleum products, and a natural gas pipeline from Bandar-e Anzal\u012b and Tehr\u0101n and a crude-oil pipeline from Tehr\u0101n run through Qom to the Abadan refinery on the Persian Gulf . Qom gained additional prosperity when oil fields were discovered at Sar\u0101jeh near the city in 1956 and a large refinery was built between Qom and Tehr\u0101n. Rural populations migrated to the growing township, and its economic growth accelerated with new investments in the textile industry and the establishment of petrochemical, cement, and brick-making industries. In the 1970s several dams were completed on the upper reaches of the R\u016bd-e Qom. [PAR] Similar Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Zipper | Textile School Types of Zipper | Textile School [PAR] Types of Zipper [PAR] apparel [PAR] Zippers use two sets of interlocking teeth called chain zippers, or coils called coil zippers, each connected to a strip of fabric tape. The teeth or coils are formed of metal, plastic, or synthetic material. A slider with a tab, which may be purely functional or serve a decorative function as well, is used to open and close the zipper. Besides the details of the mechanism, there are several other ways of categorizing zippers.Like categorisation based on element or teeth material or based on the [PAR] In this page [PAR] Types of Zippers based on Functionality [PAR] Types of Zippers based on Element/Teeth Material [PAR] There are 3 main categories of zippers which are based on 3 different types of materials as below: [PAR] Metal: Metal zipper is most basic original zipper first produced. The first zipper was made of metal around 1917 and 1920s. When slider slides up in a zipper the elements get tightly interlocked to keep zipper shut. [PAR] Metal zippers are divided into 2 groups, depending on the material used and the process of manufacture: [PAR] Teeth formed from a metal wire, either flat or profiled and made from brass, aluminium, nickel or white brass (nickel-free) [PAR] Teeth die-cast directly onto the tape, with zinc metal [PAR] Metal zippers are usually made in a variety of finishes, such as golden brass, antique brass, antique silver, gunmetal, silver etc. These finishes are achieved by chemical treatment of the zipper chain and matching plating of the sliders and end stops. [PAR] Generally metal zippers are available in various finishes, but most commonly used zipper finishes are as below: [PAR] Aluminum: Elements are constructed using aluminum [PAR] Brass: Elements are constructed using brass alloy, typically a combination of copper and zinc [PAR] Antique Brass: Elements made from brass that is chemically treated to give worn-out brass appearance [PAR] Black Oxidized: Elements are made from brass that is chemically treated to a black matte finish [PAR] Molded Plastic: These plastic zippers have individually injected molded teeth, fused directly on to the tape of the zipper. The High performance resins used to manufacture molded plastic elements are incredibly strong and make zippers that are durable, strong and flexible. These zippers are ideal for outerwear and heavy weight garments or any outdoor application. [PAR] Plastic zippers are divided into 5 groups: [PAR] LFC or L-type zippers made with meander/Ruhrmann type coil, stitched around the edge of the carrier tape. [PAR] CFC zippers made with spiral coil, stitched on one side of the carrier tape. [PAR] Woven-in coil zippers, in which the coil is formed and directly woven into the carrier tape on special looms. [PAR] Plastic moulded zippers, in which the teeth/elements made from polyacetal (commonly known as Delrin\u201a ) are directly moulded onto the carrier tape. [PAR] Plastic extruded zippers, in which a string of teeth/elements is first extruded and then stitched onto the carrier tape. [PAR] Invisible Zippers The main categories of zippers, as described above, also include speciality zippers, which have special types of construction, or parts, or finishes. CFC zippers have a special class known as Invisible zippers due to the special construction and mode of use. These zippers do not require provision of a fly, since they are made and stitched in such a manner that only a hairline seam is visible from outside. These zips are predominantly used in ladies dresses and skirts. These zippers are available in knitted and woven tapes. [PAR] Two way"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shakespeare's Fools - Yorick in Hamlet Shakespeare's Fools - Yorick in Hamlet [PAR] Shakespeare's Fools: Yorick in Hamlet [PAR] From The Fools of Shakespeare by Frederick Warde. London: McBride, Nast & company. [PAR] \"The King's Jester\" [PAR] Hamlet, a young Danish prince, accompanied by his friend Horatio, stands by a low wall that encloses a graveyard watching an old sexton who is digging a grave. With professional unconcern the old fellow shovels out the earth, together with some human bones; amongst them two skulls, one of which he strikes smartly with his spade to imbed it in the soft earth, and prevent its rolling away. [PAR] Shocked at the apparent indifference of the old man to these dead relics, the prince advances, interrupts his work, and engages him in conversation. The grave-digger is a quaint, independent old fellow, and answers the prince's questions with humorous bluntness. The prince inquires, \"How long will a man lie in the earth ere he rot?\" After replying to the question, the sexton picks up one of the skulls from the mound of earth and asserts, \"This skull hath lain i' the earth three-and-twenty years.\" \"Whose was it\" asks the prince. \"A whoreson mad fellow's it was,\" replies the sexton, and then adds, \"A pestilence on him for a mad rogue! a' poured a flagon of Rhenish on my head once. This same skull, sir, was Yorick's skull, the king's jester.\" [PAR] Gently taking the grim remainder from the irreverent hands of the old grave-digger, and gazing at it with loving tenderness, the prince exclaims: \"Alas, poor Yorick I - I knew him, Horatio: a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy: he hath borne me on his back a thousand times; and now how abhorred in my imagination it is I my gorge rises at it. Here hung those lips that I have kissed, I know not how oft. Where be your gibes now? your gambols? your songs? your flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table in a roar? Not one now to mock your own grinning! quite chap-fallen!\" [PAR] For three-and-twenty years that skull had lain in the earth, till every vestige of its personality had been destroyed, and only the experienced eye of the old sexton could recognize it. [PAR] A chapless skull! dust and bones tossed up from the decaying earth from which they sprang, and to which, by the inexorable law of nature, they had returned; a skull that once was covered with skin and tissues, through which ran a myriad of arteries and veins, conveying the blood to and from the active brain that lay in the now empty shell. A skull that had crowned a frame, clothed like itself, intersected with nerves that connected the sensations of heart and brain, and canals that carried the vital fluids on their ceaseless course, giving the entire structure a living entity, and an individual personality; the personality of Yorick, jester to the court of Hamlet, King of Denmark. [PAR] Yorick! what a merry, loving soul he must have been, how full of fun and frolic. What pranks he must have played on those big, good-natured, long-haired Viking warriors, as they sat at the banquet table in the great hall of the castle of Elsinore. In fancy, I can hear their laughter at his madcap jests, and the deep roar of their voices as they join in the chorus of his merry songs. [PAR] I can see him in the churchyard, serious for a moment, sitting on an ancient tombstone, gravely watching the old sexton digging"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abraham Lincoln | whitehouse.gov Abraham Lincoln | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Abraham Lincoln became the United States' 16th President in 1861, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy in 1863. [PAR] Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: \"In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.\" [PAR] Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy but four remained within the Union. The Civil War had begun. [PAR] The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party's nomination for President, he sketched his life: [PAR] \"I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families--second families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... removed from Kentucky to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all.\" [PAR] Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, \"His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest.\" [PAR] He married Mary Todd, and they had four boys, only one of whom lived to maturity. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860. [PAR] As President, he built the Republican Party into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy. [PAR] Lincoln never let the world forget that the Civil War involved an even larger issue. This he stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: \"that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.\" [PAR] Lincoln won re-election in 1864, as Union military triumphs heralded an end to the war. In his planning for peace, the President was flexible and generous, encouraging Southerners to lay down their arms and join speedily in reunion. [PAR] The spirit that guided him was clearly that of his Second Inaugural Address, now inscribed on one wall of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C.: \"With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Esther Summerson: My favourite Charles Dickens character ... Esther Summerson: My favourite Charles Dickens character - Telegraph [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] Esther Summerson: My favourite Charles Dickens character [PAR] Esther Summerson - from Bleak House - is one of Charles Dickens's best female characters and is the eleventh in the Telegraph pick of the best Charles Dickens characters. [PAR] [PAR] Robert Ball's illustration of Bleak House with its heroine Esther Summerson. [PAR] [PAR] Bleak House by Charles Dickens. [PAR] [PAR] Charles Dickens 'excelled in the creation of characters,' said poet TS Eliot [PAR] By Rachel Ward , Writer, Telegraph TV & Radio [PAR] 11:33AM GMT 11 Feb 2012 [PAR] My Favourite Charles Dickens character: Esther Summerson from Bleak House (1854) [PAR] Charles Dickens\u2019s 10th novel, Bleak House, features one of his most holy of heroines \u2013 a mother to all and \u201cangel of the house\u201d: the Oprah Winfrey of the Victorian age, if you will. Unlike the writer\u2019s other angels, Little Dorrit\u2019s Amy; or Sissy Jupe in Hard Times, Esther gets to tell her own story as she narrates a tale centring on a quarrel over an inheritance. Charlotte Bronte may have described her as \u201cweak and twaddling,\u201d but she\u2019s the only woman that Dickens allows a pen and he brilliantly projects Esther as his type of ideal woman, with her modesty, perceptiveness, and moral responsibility. [PAR] As her name suggests (it means \u201cstar\u201d), she lights up the gloomy and chaotic world of the novel and dispenses her love to the needy, because love is the very thing she needs in return. As an illegitimate daughter, Esther faces numerous bitter experiences in Victorian society and takes a great dislike to those she feels unworthy of her virtues \u2013 her handling of the incorrigibly irresponsible Harold Skimpole is perhaps one of her finest moments as she politely refuses his proposal, all the while letting him know exactly what she thinks of him. [PAR] The full series of 'My favourite Charles Dickens character' is:[DOC] [TLE] Esther Summerson in Bleak House - Shmoop Esther Summerson in Bleak House [PAR] NEXT [PAR] Character Analysis [PAR] A young woman raised by a strict and horrible aunt, Esther narrates her own half of the novel, chronicling how she becomes Ada's governess and the housekeeper of Bleak House, befriends and helps many people in the process, and eventually uncovers the mystery of her birth. [PAR] House Angel [PAR] Dickens almost has a patent out on Esther's character type. To put it briefly, she is perfect. No, scratch that \u2013 she is the perfect young woman, in all the ways that mattered to our stodgy, prim Victorian ancestors. There's almost a standard list of requirements we can run down to make sure: [PAR] Looks: Pretty, but not overwhelmingly so? Check. Not too vain to get over some facial scarring? Check. So far so good. [PAR] Personality: Humble, modest, quiet, hard-working, and grateful? Yes, indeedy. A good caretaker, and homemaker who generally tends to act only for the benefit of others? Every time. Excellent, excellent. [PAR] Sex: Represses her own desires? Yes, always. Hard for others to see her as a sexual being? Very much so. [PAR] OK, then \u2013 we've got ourselves a very nice version of the \"Angel in the House.\" That phrase comes from a sappy poem written in 1854 by Coventry Patmore about his wife Emily, summing up the awesome way she rolls, wife-style. The poem wasn't a big hit, but the phrase definitely stuck as a neat shorthand for what makes a \"good\" woman. She's got to stay in the house doing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Britain - Formula 1 Great Britain [PAR] 2016 FORMULA 1 BRITISH GRAND PRIX [PAR] Great Britain [PAR] Unfortunately, we are unable to play the video at this time. [PAR] Error Code: UNKNOWN [PAR] 1:33.401 by Mark Webber (2013) [PAR] Fri 08 \u2013 Sun 10 Jul 2016 [PAR] Practice 1 [PAR] Next Previous [PAR] 1 / 5 [PAR] Race winner Lewis Hamilton (GBR) McLaren celebrates on the podium. Formula One World Championship, Rd 9, British Grand Prix, Race, Silverstone, England, Sunday 6 July 2008. [PAR] Damon Hill (GBR) Williams FW16 celebrates his win. British Grand Prix, Silverstone, 10 July 1994. [PAR] Race winner Nigel Mansell (GBR) Williams FW11B caught and overtook his second placed team mate Nelson Piquet (BRA) in thrilling fashion. Formula One World Championship, Rd7, British Grand Prix, Silverstone, England, 12 July 1987. [PAR] Jackie Stewart (GBR), Matra Cosworth MS80, and Jochen Rindt (AUT), Lotus Cosworth 49B, traded places for the lead throughout the race until Rindt's wing endplate worked loose. British Grand Prix, Rd6, Silverstone, England. 19 July 1969. [PAR] Bruce Mclaren (NZL) Cooper Climax T53 leads eventual race winner Jack Brabham (AUS) Cooper Climax T53. British Grand Prix, Silverstone, England, 16 July 1960. [PAR] Like so many of England's racing circuits, Silverstone started life as an aerodrome. When the Second World War ended in 1945, England's other two circuits, Donington Park and the legendary Brooklands, had fallen into disrepair. And so it was that the outer taxiways and interconnecting runways of Silverstone became adopted by the Royal Automobile Club as the home for the British Grand Prix in 1948. The circuit was fast and challenging and in 1949 the shape was formed that remains the basis of the track to this day. [PAR] When the Formula One World Championship was incepted in 1950, Silverstone held the very first round, won by Guiseppe Farina in an Alfa Romeo. In 1951 the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC) was handed the lease by the RAC, and huge modifications were made. The pits were moved to the straight between Woodcote and Copse, from the Farm straight where they had originally been, and a short circuit was built within the larger circuit, cutting from Becketts corner to Woodcote. [PAR] From 1955 the British Grand Prix swapped venues between Aintree and Silverstone, but with the advent of the 1960s, Aintree fell out of favour and the race was switched between Silverstone and Brands Hatch. [PAR] In 1971 the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC) bought the entire 720 acre plot on which Silverstone sits and went about redeveloping the track. New pits were built and a chicane was erected at Woodcote which provided close finishes and great overtaking opportunities. [PAR] In 1987, with speeds reaching astounding levels, a corner was built before Woodcote, and in 1992 a new complex of corners was created between Farm and Woodcote. And in recent years various upgrades have been made to the track's facilities. A racing school now exists at the circuit and with government funding a new bypass has been built, greatly improving access to the once notoriously out-of-the-way venue. [PAR] In 2010 came another major change to the circuit's Formula One layout, designed to further improve the venue for spectators and provide an even greater driver challenge. The new infield layout juts right at the reworked Abbey bend before heading into the new Arena complex of turns. This takes drivers on to the main straight of Silverstone\u2019s National circuit, before rejoining the previous Grand Prix layout at Brooklands."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul McCartney Remarries\u2026Again | | Nigerian Entertainment ... Paul McCartney Remarries...Again - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Top Website for News, Gossip, Comedy, Videos, Blogs, Events, Weddings, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop and Games [PAR] Read more [PAR] By Osagie Alonge [PAR] English musician, singer-songwriter and composer Paul McCartney has gotten married for the third time. The news was confirmed by celebrity gossip magazine US Weekly. [PAR] The former member of the English rock band The Beatles tied the knot with New Yorker Nancy Shevell in a civil ceremony at the Old Marylebone Town Hall, Westminster, London on Sunday, October 9, 2011. [PAR] McCartney presented Shevell with a five-carat square-cut Neil Lane diamond set in a platinum ring at the low profile wedding ceremony which was attended by 30 close friends of the couple. [PAR] The newlyweds are planning to throw a separate party in NYC for their friends in the United States. [PAR] McCartney, 69 and Shevell, 51 started dating in November 2007. McCartney has previously been married to photographer, musician Linda McCartney, and former model Heather Mills. Shevell has also been married once to lawyer Bruce Blakeman. [PAR] \u24b8 Copyright NET News Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Please use sharing tools. Do not cut, copy or lift any content from this website without our consent.[DOC] [TLE] Paul McCartney - Hollywood Life Paul McCartney - Hollywood Life [PAR] Paul McCartney [PAR] Also Known As: Sir James Paul McCartney [PAR] Date of Birth: June 18, 1942 [PAR] Height: 5'11\" [PAR] Nancy Shevell [PAR] Best Quotes: [PAR] \u201cI definitely did look up to John [Lennon]. We all looked up to John. He was older and he was very much the leader; he was the quickest wit and the smartest.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI think people who create and write, it actually does flow - just flows from into their head, into their hand, and they write it down. It's simple.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI used to think that anyone doing anything weird was weird. I suddenly realized that anyone doing anything weird wasn't weird at all, and it was the people saying they were weird that were weird.\u201d [PAR] Bio: [PAR] Paul McCartney (born on June 18, 1942 in Liverpool, England), is an English musician, singer, songwriter and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, he gained worldwide fame as a member of the pop group, The Beatles. After the group\u2019s breakup in 1970, he pursued a solo career, forming the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and singer-songwriter Denny Laine. The Guinness World Records states McCartney is the \u201cmost successful composer and recording artist of all time.\u201d He has 60 gold discs and sales of over more than 100 million albums and 100 million singles, and is the \u201cmost successful songwriter\u201d in United Kingdom chart history. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth in 1997 for his work in revolutionizing pop music. His daughter Stella McCartney is a famous fashion designer. [PAR] Best Known For: [PAR] McCartney is best known as a lead vocalist, songwriter, and bassist in the British pop group, The Beatles, from 1960-1970. [PAR] Personal Life: [PAR] Paul McCartney has been married three times. He married his first wife, Linda Eastman in 1969, and the two were married until her death from breast cancer in 1998. The two formed the rock band Wings with musician Denny Laine. McCartney adopted Eastman\u2019s daughter Heather, and the couple had three more children: Mary, Stella, and James. He married his wife Heather Mills, a former model and anti-landmine activist landmines in 2002. The two have a daughter, Beatrice. Heather Mills was featured on Dancing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] new illuminati: Extraordinary Solar System Anomalies new illuminati: Extraordinary Solar System Anomalies [PAR] Extraordinary Solar System Anomalies [PAR] by Joe Szosak [PAR] [PAR] Anomalous objects tracing back to our ancient past are not exclusive to Mars. Strange, unexplained discoveries have been made in recent years throughout our Solar System. Mars by far shows the best potential for having supported an ancient civilization in the distant past. Based on the demonstrated evidence there is a strong probability that advanced life on Mars was a precursor to life here on Earth. [PAR] However, growing evidence from elsewhere - on neighboring planets such as Mercury, Venus and Saturn, and even our own Moon - points to other intelligent life as also having existed in the distant past. It is quite possible that we on Earth are the final civilization to be living in our Solar System. [PAR] In March 1996 it was announced for the first time that artificial structures had been discovered on the Moon. The briefing was given by former NASA scientists, engineers and other researchers, under the title \"The Mars Mission\", a grassroots space research and policy group of specialists and citizens. They stated that they were acting independently of NASA, and that their briefing had not been sanctioned by the space agency. [PAR] At the briefing in the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. it was stated that, in addition to NASA, the Soviet Union had photographic evidence proving the presence of ancient ruins on the Moon. Video films and photos made by U.S. astronauts during the Apollo program were shown at the briefing. Representatives of the media were extremely surprised as to why the materials had not been revealed to the public earlier. It was indicated that this was due to censorship by NASA and the U.S. government. [PAR] These official mission films, analyzed using scientific techniques and computer technologies unavailable to NASA 30 years ago (when the original photographs were taken), now provide compelling evidence for the presence of ancient artificial structures on the Moon. [PAR] The former manager of the Data and Photo Control Department at NASA's Lunar Receiving Laboratory during the manned Apollo Lunar Program, Ken Johnston, has released a number of sensational statements. The specialist said that U.S. astronauts found ancient ruins of artificial origin when they landed on the Moon. He said that the U.S. government had been keeping this information a secret for 40 years. [PAR] Astronaut Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11) in a July 21, 1969 transmission described that several alien spacecraft were located around a nearby crater on the lunar surface. Neil Armstrong, the first man to set foot on the moon (Apollo 11), described an encounter with an alien Moon city or space station and the presence of many spaceships that were far superior in size and technology to ours in his 1969 lunar expedition. According to Armstrong the extraterrestrials have an established base on the Moon and wanted us to leave and stay off the Moon. Have you ever wondered why the Moon landings stopped and why we haven't tried building a Moon base? After all it seems a better and easier idea than constructing a floating (orbiting) Earth space station. [PAR] Well it appears that the final straw for NASA and the U.S. government was the Apollo 17 mission. In December of 1972 Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt spent about 75 hours on the lunar surface in the Taurus-Littrow Valley. During their moonwalk they discovered, among many other anomalous artifacts, the severed head of a robot (see photos below). As Cernan put it,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gerry Rafferty, Songwriter, Dies at 63 - The New York Times Gerry Rafferty, Songwriter, Dies at 63 - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Music |Gerry Rafferty, Songwriter, Dies at 63 [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Gerry Rafferty, a Scottish singer and songwriter who combined a gift for melody, a distinctive voice and a fatalistic worldview to produce 1970s hits like \u201cStuck in the Middle With You\u201d and \u201cBaker Street,\u201d died Tuesday in Dorset, England. He was 63. [PAR] His death was confirmed by Michael Gray, his former manager, in an obituary he wrote for the London newspaper The Guardian, and later by his agent, Paul Charles, in a report by The Associated Press. Various news reports said Mr. Rafferty had been hospitalized for severe liver and kidney problems. [PAR] Mr. Rafferty\u2019s 1978 album, \u201cCity to City,\u201d reached No. 1 in the United States. One track, \u201cBaker Street,\u201d made the Top 10 in both Britain and the United States. So did \u201cStuck in the Middle With You,\u201d a song Mr. Rafferty and Joe Egan recorded with their group Stealers Wheel in 1972. That song reached a new generation of listeners when Quentin Tarantino used it in the notorious ear-slicing scene in his 1992 movie \u201cReservoir Dogs.\u201d [PAR] In all, Mr. Rafferty sold more than 10 million albums over three decades. [PAR] But Mr. Gray, writing in The Guardian, said Mr. Rafferty\u2019s success was a shadow of what it might have been. At the peak of his popularity, Mr. Rafferty declined to tour the United States and turned down chances to play with Eric Clapton and Paul McCartney. In his later years his output declined, then stopped altogether as he \u201cspiraled into alcoholism,\u201d Mr. Gray said. Mr. Rafferty himself said in a rare interview in 2009 with The Sunday Express that he suffered from depression. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] But at his peak Mr. Rafferty drew rave reviews for his synthesis of country, folk and rock music. Reviewing \u201cCity to City\u201d in Rolling Stone, Ken Emerson said Mr. Rafferty \u201cwrites with the sweet melodiousness of Paul McCartney and sings with John Lennon\u2019s weary huskiness.\u201d [PAR] Mr. Emerson discerned \u201ca prayerful quality\u201d in Mr. Rafferty\u2019s voice, reminiscent of \u201cthe dim dawn after a dark night of the soul.\u201d [PAR] Photo [PAR] Gerry Rafferty in the 1970s. Credit Photofest [PAR] Almost from his birth in Paisley, Scotland, on April 16, 1947, Gerald Rafferty knew plenty about life\u2019s dark side. He and his mother would hide from his father to avoid being beaten when he stumbled home drunk, Mr. Gray wrote. But music pervaded the family\u2019s life, as young Gerry assimilated Roman Catholic hymns, traditional folk music, 1950s pop and even the Irish rebel tunes his deaf father bellowed. [PAR] Mr. Rafferty dropped out of school at 15 and went to work in a butcher shop. On weekends he and a friend, Mr. Egan, played in a local group, the Mavericks. After bouncing about a bit, Mr. Rafferty and Mr. Egan reunited in Stealers Wheel, whose debut album included \u201cStuck in the Middle.\u201d [PAR] \u201cStuck in the Middle,\u201d written as a parody of many of Bob Dylan\u2019s songs, ridiculed a music industry cocktail party, complaining, \u201cClowns to the left of me, jokers to the right, here I am, stuck in the middle with you.\u201d [PAR] Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. [PAR] Invalid email address. Please re-enter. [PAR] You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. [PAR] Sign Up [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] By 1975,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volcano erupts in Chile - Photos - The Big Picture ... Volcano erupts in Chile - Photos - The Big Picture - Boston.com [PAR] Volcano erupts in Chile [PAR] The eruption of the Puyehue volcano in the Andes mountains of southern Chile last weekend provided some spectacular images of the force of nature. Ash covers the landscape and thousands of people were evacuated from the surrounding rural communities. The volcano, which hasn't been active since 1960 when it erupted after an earthquake, sent its plume of ash 6 miles high across Argentina and toward the Atlantic Ocean. -- Lloyd Young ( 33 photos total ) [PAR] A plume of ash, estimated six miles (10km) high and three mile wide is seen after a volcano erupted in the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic chain, about 575 miles (920 km) south of the capital, Santiago June 4. (Ivan Alvarado/Reuters) [PAR] 2 [PAR] A boy wearing a protective mask, walks along an ash-covered street near San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina, on June 7 three days after the eruption of Chile's Puyehue volcano. Dozens of South American flights had to be scrapped Tuesday because of the huge cloud of volcanic ash spewing from a Chile an volcano, as fears grew of possible landslides near the eruption. So far 4,000 people have been evacuated from 22 rural Chile an communities surrounding the Puyehue volcano, which rumbled to life on Saturday after showing no activity since 1960, when it erupted following a magnitude 9.5 earthquake.(Francisco Ramos Mejia/AFP/Getty Images) # [PAR] 4 [PAR] A helicopter flies over smoke and ash rising from the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic chain near Osorno city in south-central Chile June 5. A volcano dormant for decades erupted in the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic chain in south-central Chile on Saturday, belching an ash cloud more than 6 miles (10 km) high that blew over the Andes and carpeted a popular ski resort in neighboring Argentina. (Ivan Alvarado/Reuters) # [PAR] 6 [PAR] This NASA Earth Observatory natural-color satellite image obtained June 7, 2011 was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiomter on the Aqua satellite shortly after the eruption began on June. The brown ash plume reaches high above the clouds covering much of the scene, and casts a dark shadow towards the southeast. Along the leading edge of the plume, it appears heavier material is falling out of the ash cloud, while finer particles remain suspended in the atmosphere. (NASA) # [PAR] 7 [PAR] A plume of light-coloured ash stretches along the edge of the Andes in this natural-color satellite image acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aboard Terra on the morning of June 6 as the eruption at the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcano chain continues. (NASA) # [PAR] 8 [PAR] A cloud of ash billowing from Puyehue volcano near Osorno in southern Chile, 870 km south of Santiago June 5. Puyehue volcano erupted for the first time in half a century on June 4 prompting evacuations for 3,500 people as it sent a cloud of ash that reached Argentina. The National Service of Geology and Mining said the explosion that sparked the eruption also produced a column of gas 10 kilometers (six miles) high, hours after warning of strong seismic activity in the area. (Claudio Santana/AFP/Getty Images) #[DOC] [TLE] Chile's Puyehue Volcano Erupts - The Atlantic Chile's Puyehue Volcano Erupts - The Atlantic [PAR] The Atlantic [PAR] 21 Photos [PAR] In Focus [PAR] On Saturday, a volcano in the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle chain of south-central Chile erupted after lying dormant for more than 50 years. The government evacuated several thousand residents as Puyehue"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unrest in the Middle East and North Africa -- country by ... Unrest in the Middle East and North Africa -- country by country - CNN.com [PAR] Unrest in the Middle East and North Africa -- country by country [PAR] By the CNN Wire Staff [PAR] STORY HIGHLIGHTS [PAR] Protesters in Bahrain return to Pearl Roundabout [PAR] Libyans continue protests despite violent crackdown, witnesses say [PAR] The demonstrations started in Tunisia in December and have swept across region [PAR] The leaders of Tunisia and Egypt have resigned amid mass protests [PAR] RELATED TOPICS [PAR] Iran [PAR] (CNN) -- Two months ago, a Tunisian fruit vendor struck a match that started a fire that has spread throughout much of North Africa and the Middle East. Muhammad Bouazizi's self-immolation prompted anti-government protests that toppled regimes in Tunisia and Egypt. Here are the latest developments, including the roots of the unrest, as well as a look at previous events in affected countries. [PAR] Saturday developments: [PAR] LIBYA [PAR] Protests continued to turn violent Saturday, however the death and injury toll is unclear. The government has not responded to repeated requests by news media outlets, including CNN, to allow reporters into the country. In Benghazi, witnesses reported bloody clashes with soldiers firing tear gas and bullets. A doctor treating the injured at Al Jala hospital said at least 30 people were killed, most of them from gunshot wounds to the head. Witnesses said protests had erupted in cities across the country, including al-Baida, Ajdabiya and Misratah, where anti-government protesters leaving noon prayers at a local mosque were confronted by demonstrators supportive of Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi. Witnesses also said anti-Gadhafi protesters used a bulldozer to break through a wall at Alfadeel Abu-Omar military camp only to be fired upon as they retreated. A report aired on state-run Libyan television characterized demonstrators as saboteurs. Human Rights Watch reports that 84 people have been killed in Libyan demonstrations since Tuesday. The organization bases that estimate on telephone calls made to medical providers across the country. [PAR] Roots of unrest: [PAR] Protests in Libya, ruled by Gadhafi since a 1969 coup, began in January when demonstrators, fed up with delays, broke into a housing project the government was building and occupied it. Gadhafi's government responded with a $24 billion fund for housing and development. A month later, more demonstrations were sparked when police detained relatives of those killed in an alleged 1996 massacre at the Abu Salim prison, according to Human Rights Watch. High unemployment has also fueled the protests, as have anti-Gadhafi groups. [PAR] BAHRAIN [PAR] Thousands of Bahraini protesters returned to Pearl Roundabout on Saturday, two days after a deadly attack by security forces that left four dead and scores wounded. Crown Prince Salman ordered the military out of the center of the nation's capital and announced that protesters could remain there without fear of being attacked, a key demand demonstrators had made. The crown prince indicated he is deeply sorry for the deaths of protesters and said an investigation will be launched and that those responsible will be held accountable. Salman also said the government is willing to enter into talks with demonstrators. [PAR] Roots of unrest: [PAR] Protesters initially took to the streets of Manama on Monday to demand reform and the introduction of a constitutional monarchy. But some are now calling for the removal of the royal family, which has led the Persian Gulf island state since the 18th century. Young members of the country's Shiite Muslim majority have staged violent protests in recent years to complain about discrimination, unemployment"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars 2011: full list of winners | Film | The Guardian Oscars 2011: full list of winners | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Oscars 2011: full list of winners [PAR] A full list of winners and nominees for the Oscars 2011 [PAR] It's not the winning... the nominees for the best actor Oscar 2011: Javier Bardem (Biutiful), James Franco (127 Hours) Colin Firth (The King's Speech),Jesse Eisenberg (The Social Network), Jeff Bridges (True Grit) [PAR] Sunday 27 February 2011 20.47 EST [PAR] First published on Sunday 27 February 2011 20.47 EST [PAR] Jesse Eisenberg (The Social Network) [PAR] James Franco (127 Hours) [PAR] Performance by an actress in a leading role [PAR] WINNER: Natalie Portman (Black Swan) [PAR] Annette Bening (The Kids Are All Right) [PAR] Art direction [PAR] WINNER: Alice in Wonderland - Robert Stromberg (production design), Karen O'Hara (set decoration) [PAR] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 - Stuart Craig (production design), Stephenie McMillan (set decoration) [PAR] Inception - Guy Hendrix Dyas (production design), Larry Dias and Doug Mowat (set decoration) [PAR] The King's Speech - Eve Stewart (production design), Judy Farr (set decoration) [PAR] True Grit - Jess Gonchor (production design), Nancy Haigh (set decoration) [PAR] Achievement in cinematography [PAR] Danny Cohen (The King's Speech) [PAR] Jeff Cronenweth (The Social Network) [PAR] Roger Deakins (True Grit) [PAR] Performance by an actress in a supporting role [PAR] WINNER: Melissa Leo (The Fighter) [PAR] Amy Adams (The Fighter) [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter (The King's Speech) [PAR] Hailee Steinfeld (True Grit) [PAR] WINNER: The Lost Thing (Nick Batzias, Shaun Tan and Andrew Ruhemann) [PAR] Day & Night (Teddy Newton) [PAR] The Gruffalo (Jakob Schuh and Max Lang) [PAR] Let's Pollute (Geefwee Boedoe) [PAR] Madagascar, carnet de voyage (Madagascar, a Journey Diary) (Bastien Dubois) [PAR] Best animated feature film of the year [PAR] WINNER: The Social Network - Aaron Sorkin [PAR] 127 Hours - Danny Boyle & Simon Beaufoy [PAR] Toy Story 3 - Michael Arndt (screenplay); John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich (story) [PAR] True Grit - Joel Coen and Ethan Coen [PAR] Winter's Bone - Debra Granik & Anne Rosellini [PAR] Original screenplay [PAR] The Kids Are All Right - Lisa Cholodenko and Stuart Blumberg [PAR] Best foreign language film of the year [PAR] WINNER: In a Better World (Denmark) [PAR] Biutiful (Mexico) [PAR] WINNER: Christian Bale (The Fighter) [PAR] John Hawkes (Winter's Bone) [PAR] Mark Ruffalo (The Kids Are All Right) [PAR] Geoffrey Rush (The King's Speech) [PAR] Achievement in music written for motion pictures (original score) [PAR] WINNER: Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross (The Social Network) [PAR] John Powell (How to Train Your Dragon) [PAR] Hans Zimmer (Inception) [PAR] Alexandre Desplat (The King's Speech) [PAR] AR Rahman (127 Hours) [PAR] WINNER: Inception (Lora Hirschberg, Gary A Rizzo and Ed Novick) [PAR] The King's Speech (Paul Hamblin, Martin Jensen and John Midgley) [PAR] Salt (Jeffrey J Haboush, Greg P Russell, Scott Millan and William Sarokin) [PAR] The Social Network (Ren Klyce, David Parker, Michael Semanick and Mark Weingarten) [PAR] True Grit (Skip Lievsay, Craig Berkey, Greg Orloff and Peter F Kurland) [PAR] Achievement in sound editing [PAR] Toy Story 3 (Tom Myers and Michael Silvers) [PAR] Tron: Legacy (Gwendolyn Yates Whittle and Addison Teague) [PAR] True Grit (Skip Lievsay and Craig Berkey) [PAR] Unstoppable (Mark P Stoeckinger) [PAR] Edouard F Henriques, Gregory Funk and Yolanda Toussieng ( The Way Back ) [PAR] Achievement in costume design [PAR] Jenny Beavan (The King's Speech) [PAR] Sandy Powell (The Tempest) [PAR] WINNER: Strangers No More (Karen Goodman and Kirk Simon) [PAR] Killing in the Name (Nominees"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The FunBoxs Biggest Quiz Ever .. | Page 2 | Orphelia's ... The FunBoxs Biggest Quiz Ever .. | Page 2 | Orphelia's FunBox 2 Main forum | Guild Forums | Gaia Online [PAR] Orphelia's FunBox 2 Main forum [PAR] Posted: Fri Aug 02, 2013 6:36 pm [PAR] 6501..In fashion correspondent and bar are types of what item? [PAR] 6502..Artemis is Greek Goddess of what - only one among all Gods? [PAR] 6503..25% of the adult male population of the UK are what? [PAR] 6504..Churchill, Iroquois, Owen and Smiths are all what? [PAR] 6505..A company called Symbol owns patent to what common item? [PAR] 6506..What can you find on California's Mount Cook? [PAR] 6507..Fescue, Foxtail, Ruppia and Quitch are types of what? [PAR] 6508..In the twelve labours of Hercules what did he do third? [PAR] 6509..In Heraldry what symbol is a lymphad? [PAR] 6510..What job links Paul Clifford, Claude Duval, Capt. Macheath? [PAR] 6511..Whose cases were Empty House Copper Beeches Black Peter? [PAR] 6512..Which King is known as The Suicide King? [PAR] 6513..In Costa Rica and El Salvador you spend what? [PAR] 6514..In the Christmas song your true love gave you give eight what? [PAR] 6515..Name the Capital of the Ukraine? [PAR] 6516..What was the name of the dog in Peter Pan? [PAR] 6517..UK football Derby County home the Baseball Ground nickname? [PAR] 6518..Every 12 seconds in USA someone does what in a Holiday Inn? [PAR] 6519..Who rode a horse called Lamri? [PAR] 6520..Which stringed instrument is blown to produce sound? [PAR] 6521..Bear, Bird, Goat, Eagle, Swan and Rabbit what links in Ireland? [PAR] 6522..Hera in Greece Juno in Rome Goddesses of what? [PAR] 6523..In Japan what is an obi? [PAR] 6524..Honi soit qui mal y pence is the motto of what organisation? [PAR] 6525..What is unusual about The lake of Monteith in Scotland? [PAR] 6526..Which tree is sacred to Apollo (Daphne changed into one)? [PAR] 6527..Who wrote The Dong with the Luminous Nose and The Jumblies? [PAR] 6528..What are Blur Crow, Brimstone, Owl and Ringlet types of? [PAR] 6529..The liquor Curacao is flavoured with what? [PAR] 6530..In French legend who is the lover of Abelard? [PAR] 6531..If a male a** is a Jackass what is a female called? [PAR] 6532..What are Luster, Moreen, Mungo and Nankeen types of? [PAR] 6533..In George Orwell's Animal Farm what type of animal was Muriel? [PAR] 6534..In London what links Lambeth, St James and Westminster? [PAR] 6535..What does an icthyophage do? [PAR] 6536..Oswestry founded in 1407 is Britain's oldest what? [PAR] 6537..In mythology who married the beautiful maid Galatea? [PAR] 6538..In Bradshaws you would find information about what? [PAR] 6539..The Romans called it Mamcunium what is this English city? [PAR] 6540..Shakespeare wrote Cruel only to be kind in what play? [PAR] 6541..Traditional 7 Seas N S Atlantic N S Pacific Arctic Antarctic?? [PAR] 6542..Launfal, Pelleas and Tristram were part of what group? [PAR] 6543..Who wrote the humorous books on One Upmanship? [PAR] 6544..Greek Roman Apollo Babylonian Marduk Indian Vishnu gods?? [PAR] 6545..Which English King rode a horse called White Surrey? [PAR] 6546..Billycock, Wideawake, Gibus and Mitre all types of what? [PAR] 6547..Quilp (A Dwarf) is a character in which Dickens novel? [PAR] 6548..What word can be added to Fae, Fen, Bil, Goose to make fruit? [PAR] 6549..Caracul, Dorset, Urial, Mufflon and Jacobs are types of what? [PAR] 6550..What are Strength, Chariot and Hermit? [PAR] 6551..Belly, Block, Blout, Nut, Rib and waist are all parts of what? [PAR] 6552..Mauna Loa, Paricutin, Surtsey and Susya are all what? [PAR] 6553..Which countries leader was an extra in Hollywood? [PAR] 6554..BOZ was the penname if which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Murdoch Closing Tabloid Linked to British Hacking - The ... Murdoch Closing Tabloid Linked to British Hacking - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Europe |Scandal Shifts Britain\u2019s Media and Political Landscape [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Photo [PAR] Members of the media around Rupert Murdoch, chief executive of News Corp., in Sun Valley, Idaho, on Thursday. Credit Matthew Staver/Bloomberg News [PAR] LONDON \u2014 Britain \u2019s media and political landscape shifted Thursday as the powerful Murdoch family summarily announced plans to shut down the disgraced mass-circulation tabloid at the center of a deepening scandal over journalistic malfeasance, and arrest seemed imminent for the paper\u2019s once politically influential former editor. [PAR] The decision by Rupert Murdoch \u2019s media conglomerate, the News Corporation , to close the paper, The News of the World , seemed to be a calculated move to help protect Mr. Murdoch\u2019s proposed $12 billion takeover of the pay-television company British Sky Broadcasting. But it hardly put an end to the uproar, or to Mr. Murdoch\u2019s connection to it. [PAR] The scandal exposes a web of relationships between the Murdochs\u2019 empire on the one hand and the police and politicians on the other. And it poses new challenges for Mr. Murdoch, a media tycoon who has at times seemed to hold much of Britain\u2019s political establishment in thrall, cultivating connections to both Labour and Conservative governments and using the prospect of his support \u2014 or its withdrawal \u2014 to help drive his political agenda. [PAR] In a statement of strikingly self-critical apology, Mr. Murdoch\u2019s son and heir apparent, James Murdoch, admitted that News International, the company\u2019s British subsidiary, had \u201cfailed to get to the bottom of repeated wrongdoings that occurred without conscience or legitimate purpose.\u201d The company\u2019s repeated assertions that the scandal was \u201cconfined to one reporter,\u201d had proven untrue, he said, \u201cand those who acted wrongly will have to face the consequences.\u201d [PAR] Photo [PAR] Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain spoke in the House of Commons on Wednesday. At right is Liam Fox, the defense secretary. Credit Press Association, via Associated Press [PAR] According to several people who have been briefed on the matter, it appeared increasingly likely that Andy Coulson , a former News of the World editor who most recently worked as the chief spokesman for Prime Minister David Cameron \u2019s government, would be arrested Friday on suspicion of illegally paying the police for information during his editorship. His arrest, if it does take place, would be a huge blow not just to Mr. Murdoch, but to the government and to Mr. Cameron\u2019s Conservative Party. [PAR] The prime minister has always vouched for Mr. Coulson\u2019s integrity and said he believed Mr. Coulson\u2019s assurances that he had done nothing wrong. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] By closing the weekly News of the World, which is 168 years old and its circulation is the largest for a Sunday newspaper in Britain, Mr. Murdoch seems determined to try to limit damage from the scandal and remove a possible obstacle to the takeover of British Sky Broadcasting, known as BSkyB. [PAR] According to a person close to Mr. Murdoch, the move also gives him an excuse to do something he had planned to do anyway: turn his flagship Sun tabloid into a seven-day operation, preserving his lucrative share in the Sunday newspaper market while decontaminating the brand by removing its association with The News of the World. [PAR] Photo [PAR] Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain, with a member of his security detail, left 10"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deadly E. Coli Outbreak Linked to Sprouts From a German ... Deadly E. Coli Outbreak Linked to Sprouts From a German Farm - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Europe |Deadly E. Coli Outbreak Linked to German Sprouts [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] BERLIN \u2014 Local German officials said Sunday that they had evidence that tainted domestic sprouts had caused the deadly E. coli outbreak that has afflicted Germany and unnerved fresh-produce markets throughout Europe, and they shut down the farm in the northern part of the country where the sprouts were grown. [PAR] Gert Lindemann, the agriculture minister in the northern state of Lower Saxony, said in Hanover that Germans should not eat sprouts until further notice, with definitive test results available Monday. Mr. Lindemann said that the authorities could not yet rule out other possible sources for the outbreak and urged Germans to continue avoiding tomatoes , cucumbers and lettuce. [PAR] The suggestion that sprouts may be the cause of the outbreak, one of the most catastrophic food-borne illnesses in years, was met with caution by public health experts. [PAR] \u201cWe would want either epidemiological evidence or confirmed laboratory evidence,\u201d said Dr. Robert Tauxe, deputy director of food-borne diseases for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The German authorities had acted prematurely once before in their investigation, blaming cucumbers grown in Spain for the outbreak after preliminary tests showed that they might have contained toxic E. coli bacteria. Further tests showed that the Spanish cucumbers did not contain the strain making people sick, and investigators then backtracked. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] That episode infuriated Spanish farmers who lost tens of millions of dollars in sales and were forced to abandon ripe vegetables to rot in the fields, as demand collapsed. [PAR] The outbreak in Germany, which the health authorities first reported in late May, is caused by a rare strain of toxic E. coli that can cause bloody diarrhea . In extreme cases it can cause acute kidney failure and death. In previous outbreaks involving other strains of E. coli, kidney failure appeared most often among children. In this outbreak, most victims with kidney failure have been adults and more than two-thirds have been women. [PAR] The outbreak showed no signs of abating on Sunday, with Germany\u2019s national disease control center reporting that the death toll had risen to 22 and that 2,153 people were ill, more than 600 of them in intensive care. [PAR] Mr. Lindemann said that locally grown bean sprouts were the \u201cmost convincing\u201d cause, and that the farm that grew them in the Uelzen area had been shut down. But he said 18 sprout mixtures were under suspicion, including sprouts of beans, broccoli, peas, chickpeas, garlic, lentils, mung beans and radishes. The sprouts are often used in mixed salads . [PAR] Photo [PAR] Members of the news media and the police arrived Sunday at a northern German farm that has been linked to the E. coli outbreak that has killed 22 people. Credit Philipp Schulze/European Pressphoto Agency [PAR] The suspect farm\u2019s produce \u2014 including herbs, fruits, flowers and potatoes \u2014 was impounded. At least one of the farm\u2019s employees was also infected with the E. coli bacteria, Mr. Lindemann said. [PAR] Some experts in food-borne illnesses expressed surprise at Mr. Lindemann\u2019s announcement, not because sprouts were an unlikely source of the deadly bacteria but for the opposite reason: sprouts have long been associated with food-borne illness and are a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last | Books ... Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Books [PAR] Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last [PAR] Fourth time lucky for Julian Barnes, who wins the Man Booker prize 2011 for his novel The Sense of an Ending after missing out on three previous occasions [PAR] Author Julian Barnes smiles after winning the 2011 Man Booker Prize for Fiction with his book The Sense of an Ending at the Guildhall in London. Photograph: Luke Macgregor/Reuters [PAR] Tuesday 18 October 2011 19.15 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 18 October 2011 19.15 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Julian Barnes finally won the literary prize that has eluded him on three previous occasions when he was tonight presented with the Man Booker prize for his short novel, The Sense of an Ending . [PAR] His victory came after one of the most bitter and vituperative run-ups to the prize in living memory - not among the shortlisted writers, but from dismayed and bemused commentators who accused judges of putting populism above genuine quality . [PAR] But few of those critics could claim Barnes' novel is not of the highest quality. The chair of this year's judges, former MI5 director general Stella Rimington, said it had \"the markings of a classic of English Literature. It is exquisitely written, subtly plotted and reveals new depths with each reading.\" [PAR] Much of the row over the shortlist has stemmed from Rimington's own prioritisation of \"readability\" in the judging criteria. But tonight, she said quality had always been just as important. [PAR] \"It is a very readable book, if I may use that word, but readable not only once but twice and even three times,\" she said. \"It is incredibly concentrated. Crammed into this short space is a great deal of information which you don't get out of a first read.\" [PAR] Accepting the prize, Barnes thanked the judges for their wisdom and the sponsors for their cheque. He also offered some advice to publishers: \"Those of you who have seen my book, whatever you think of its contents, will probably agree it is a beautiful object. And if the physical book, as we've come to call it, is to resist the challenge of the ebook, it has to look like something worth buying, worth keeping.\" [PAR] Afterwards Barnes admitted a sense of relief at finally winning. \"I didn't want to go to my grave and get a Beryl,\" he said referring to Bainbridge, who was shortlisted five times, never won and received a posthumous Best of Beryl Booker prize . [PAR] He said the \"readability\" row had been \"a false hare\" to which he had paid little attention, adding: \"Most great books are readable. Any shortlist of the last ten years that I've read has contained nothing but what you would call readable books.\" [PAR] Barnes once called the prize \"posh bingo\" and he said he had not changed his view \u2013 it simply depended on who the judges were and what they liked. \"The Booker prize has a tendency to drive people a bit mad,\" he said, not least writers with \"hope and lust and greed and expectation\" so the best way to stay sane, he said, was by treating it as a lottery until you win \"when you realise that the judges are the wisest heads in literary Christendom\". Asked what he would spend the \u00a350,000 prize money on he said a new watch strap was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hurricane Irene 2011: One Year Anniversary Of East Coast Storm Hurricane Irene 2011: One Year Anniversary Of East Coast Storm | The Huffington Post [PAR] Hurricane Irene 2011: One Year Anniversary Of East Coast Storm [PAR] 08/24/2012 03:36 pm ET [PAR] Months later, clean up from Irene continued along the coast . While life in some places quickly returned to normal, some lives were irrevocably changed . And with the impact of Tropical Storm Lee only a few days later , the effects of these natural disasters plagued the East Coast for some time. [PAR] Here are some stirring images from Hurricane Irene. Were you personally impacted by the storm? Tell us your experience in the comments below. [PAR] Hurricane Irene 2011 [PAR] of [PAR] 40 [PAR] NAGS HEAD, NC - AUGUST 28: Billy Stinson (L) comforts his daughter Erin Stinson as they sit on the steps where their cottage once stood August 28, 2011 in Nags Head, North Carolina. The cottage, built in 1903 and destroyed yesterday by Hurricane Irene, was one of the first vacation cottages built on Roanoke Soundin Nags Head. Stinson has owned the home, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, since 1963. 'We were pretending, just for a moment, that the cottage was still behind us and we were just sitting there watching the sunset,' said Erin afterward. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images) [PAR] Share this slide:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Amy Winehouse Found Dead In Her Home - 23/7 ... BBC News - Amy Winehouse Found Dead In Her Home - 23/7/2011 - RIP - YouTube [PAR] BBC News - Amy Winehouse Found Dead In Her Home - 23/7/2011 - RIP [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 23, 2011 [PAR] R.I.P Amy Winehouse she was booed off stage in her last show in Poland, and today Saturday 23rd of July Amy was found dead in her north London apartment. It is a terrible loss - She was a very good singer waste of talent!! [PAR] Amy Winehouse was found dead in her home today. A press release from the Metropolitan Police, which doesn't specifically name Winehouse, says: [PAR] \"Police were called by London Ambulance Service to an address in Camden Square NW1 shortly before 16.05hrs today, Saturday 23 July, following reports of a woman found deceased. [PAR] On arrival officers found the body of a 27-year-old female who was pronounced dead at the scene. [PAR] Enquiries continue into the circumstances of the death. At this early stage it is being treated as unexplained.\" [PAR] Winehouse famously battled addiction to drugs and alcohol and was in and out of rehab several times throughout the years. [PAR] Last month, Winehouse canceled her European tour after a performance in Serbia where she seemed completely out of it [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about 2011 Rugby World Cup, 2011 Rugby ... Learn and talk about 2011 Rugby World Cup, 2011 Rugby World Cup, 2011 in New Zealand rugby union, 2011 rugby union tournaments for national teams, International sports competitions hosted by New Zealand [PAR] 2015 \u2192 [PAR] The 2011 Rugby World Cup was the seventh Rugby World Cup , a quadrennial international rugby union competition inaugurated in 1987. The International Rugby Board (IRB) selected New Zealand as the host country in preference to Japan and South Africa at a meeting in Dublin on 17 November 2005. The tournament was won by New Zealand , who defeated France 8\u20137 in the final . [1] The defending champions, South Africa , were eliminated by Australia 11\u20139 in the quarter-finals. [2] The result marked the third time that the tournament was won by the country that hosted the event (following New Zealand in 1987 and South Africa in 1995 ). [PAR] It was the largest sporting event ever held in New Zealand, [3] eclipsing the 1987 Rugby World Cup , 1990 Commonwealth Games , 1992 Cricket World Cup and the 2003 America's Cup . [4] Overseas visitors to New Zealand for the event totalled 133,000, more than the 95,000 that the organisers expected. However, there was a drop in non-event visitors, meaning the net increase in visitors over the previous year was less than 80,000. [5] [6] [PAR] The games ran over six weeks, commencing on 9 September 2011 with the Opening Ceremony showcasing New Zealand's history and diverse cultures. The final was played on Sunday 23 October 2011, a date chosen because it fell on a long weekend of New Zealand's Labour Day holiday. [7] The final was played at Eden Park in Auckland . [8] [PAR] After speculation that the number of participating teams would be reduced to 16, the IRB announced on 30 November 2007 that the 2011 tournament would again feature 20 teams. [9] Twelve teams qualified as a result of finishing in the top three in each pool in the 2007 tournament. The remaining eight berths were determined by regional qualifying tournaments. [10] Of the 20 countries that competed in the previous World Cup in 2007, there was only one change \u2013 Russia replaced Portugal. [PAR] Host selection Three nations bid to host the 2011 Rugby World Cup \u2014 New Zealand, Japan, and South Africa. [PAR] New Zealand had co-hosted the first Rugby World Cup with Australia in 1987, and had been set to co-host the 2003 World Cup with Australia before a disagreement over ground signage rights resulted in New Zealand being dropped and Australia became the sole host. The 2011 New Zealand bid contained plans to enlarge the size of Eden Park and other stadiums to help increase the commercial viability of the bid. [PAR] Japan was bidding to become the first Asian nation to host the first Rugby World Cup. [11] Japan had the necessary infrastructure already in place, by virtue of its co-hosting the 2002 FIFA World Cup . [PAR] South Africa had hosted the tournament in 1995 . The 2011 South African bid, led by former national captain Francois Pienaar , had strong support from their national government. South Africa had also won the right to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup. [PAR] The IRB Council meeting in Dublin on 17 November 2005 announced that New Zealand had been selected after IRB inspections of each applicant host nation during June and July 2005. After winning the bid, the New Zealand Rugby Union , expressed disappointment towards their Australian counterparts who voted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival 2011 | Amusing ... Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival 2011 | Amusing Planet [PAR] Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival 2011 [PAR] Kaushik Thursday, January 05, 2012 2 comments [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The 28th Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival opened on January 5 in China, featuring works of some of the country's best ice sculptors. The festival's amazing sculptures are seen illuminated from the inside after night has fallen - with visitors meandering in between the impressive works. Those who attend the event can navigate the ice cities on foot or via the festival's horse and carriage rides, zip down snowy slides or climb up the staircases of ice castles. [PAR] Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province of China, is one of the sources of ice and snow culture in the world. Geographically, it is located in Northeast China under the direct influence of the cold winter wind from Siberia. The average temperature in summer is 21.2 degrees Celsius and winters can be bitterly cold with temperatures plummeting to -16.8 degrees Celsius and more. [PAR] The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival has been held since 1963. It had been interrupted for a number of years during the Cultural Revolution until it was resumed in 1985. [PAR] Officially, the festival starts January 5th and lasts one month. However the exhibits often open earlier and stay longer if weather permits. Ice sculpture decoration technology ranges from the modern (using lasers) to traditional (with ice lanterns). There are ice lantern park touring activities held in many parks in the city. Winter activities in the festival include Yabuli alpine skiing, winter-swimming in the Songhua River, and the ice-lantern exhibition in Zhaolin Garden. [PAR] The Harbin festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals, along with Japan's Sapporo Snow Festival , Canada's Quebec City Winter Carnival, and Norway's Ski Festival.[DOC] [TLE] 2011 Harbin International Ice Festival - Ice Art 2011 Harbin International Ice Festival [PAR] 2011 Harbin International Ice Festival [PAR] Thursday, 27 January 2011 07:08 administrator [PAR] Each year the town of Harbin comes alive in a world of snow and ice during the 27th Harbin Ice Festival, an annual event that celebrates the capital of China\u2019s Heilongjiang Province in a spectacular display of ice carvings, ice sports and even snow and ice culture. Kicking off with the opening ceremony at the end of December, the festival runs throughout January and most of February, with a huge range of events held for the duration of the festival. Visitors are able to enjoy all sorts of icy fun, from watching events such as live ice carving to ice sculpture competitions, group wedding ceremonies on the ice, winter sports and many other highlights in between. Some of the categories for the festival include the following:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The highlights of 2011 | Angle\u0161\u010dina The highlights of 2011 | Angle\u0161\u010dina [PAR] Angle\u0161\u010dina \u2013 zanimivosti [PAR] The highlights of 2011 [PAR] The year started off with the Hungarian presidency to the European Union and Estonia\u2019s adoption of the Euro currency as the seventeenth Eurozone country. [PAR] The Arab Spring began leading to the fall of the Tunisian government and the resignation of the Egyptian president. [PAR] In spring one of the most famous weddings took place at Westminster Abbey in London. An estimated two billion peoplewatched Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, marry Catherine Middleton. [PAR] June was a successful month for medicine. The world\u2019s first artificial organ transplant was achieved, using an artificial windpipe coated with stem cells. [PAR] Toward the end of 2011 a few acts of peace illuminated the year. In September India and Bangladesh signed a pact to end their 40-year border demarcation dispute and in October Basque separatist militant organisation ETA declared an end to its 43-year campaign of political violence. [PAR] Finally, on December 15 the United States formally declared an end to the Iraq War.[DOC] [TLE] India, Bangladesh settle boundary dispute : World, News ... India, Bangladesh settle boundary dispute : World, News - India Today [PAR] India Today [PAR] India, Bangladesh settle boundary dispute [PAR] New Delhi and Dhaka end the 64-year boundary demarcation problem as they agree to exchange 162 enclaves. [PAR] India and Bangladesh inked a historic pact on Tuesday to exchange 162 enclaves, resolving a 64-year-old boundary demarcation problem. [PAR] Describing this and a slew of other negotiated agreements, Prime Minister [PAR] Manmohan Singh - on his maiden visit to Dhaka - said the two countries had \"agreed on a new architecture for partnership\". [PAR] The landmark enclave deal is expected to give a new lease of life to over 50,000 inhabitants of the area who have been struggling to eke out a decent livelihood for decades. [PAR] The breakthrough was made following discussions on the 162 enclaves (51 in India and 111 in Bangladesh) between Singh and his Dhaka counterpart Sheikh Hasina. Enclaves are defined as pockets of a country's territory surrounded by the other's. [PAR] They have been a bone of contention between successive regimes in India and Bangladesh and were created centuries ago when local kings in undivided Bengal and Assam exchanged pieces of land while gambling or playing chess. [PAR] The Indian enclaves in Bangladesh are located in four districts - Panchagarh, Lalmonirhat, Kurigram and Nilphamari. All of Bangladesh's enclaves lie in West Bengal's Cooch Behar district. The agreement enables Bangladesh to retain the Dahagram and Angarpota enclaves. [PAR] According to a recent headcount conducted jointly by both sides, the total population in the enclaves is 51,000. Officials of the two countries admitted that this number was much lower than the figure estimated earlier. [PAR] The headcount revealed that 34,000 people resided in the Indian enclaves in Bangladesh and there were 17,000 inhabitants in the latter's enclaves. [PAR] The earlier unofficial estimates pegged the population of the 111 Indian enclaves at around 100,400, and that of the 51 Bangladeshi enclaves inside India at 44,000. Interestingly, 56 enclaves are not inhabited, of which 37 are Indian. Some others have a population of less than 10 people. [PAR] ALMOST 3,000 acres of Bangladesh's land lies in India and India has around 3,500 acres inside Bangladesh. Union home minister P. Chidambaram had given the lowdown on the pact in the Rajya Sabha recently. [PAR] He had explained that people living in an enclave \"shall be given the right of staying on as nationals of the state\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscars 2011: Natalie Portman wins Best Actress for 'Black ... Oscars 2011: Natalie Portman wins Best Actress for 'Black Swan' | NJ.com [PAR] Oscars 2011: Natalie Portman wins Best Actress for 'Black Swan' [PAR] comments [PAR] FOX SEARCHLIGHTFresh off her Independent Spirit Award on Saturday, Natalie Portman has won the Best Actress Academy Award for her role in \"Black Swan.\" [PAR] Fresh off her Independent Spirit Award on Saturday, Natalie Portman has won the Best Actress Academy Award for her role in \"Black Swan.\" [PAR] She was previously nominated in 2005 for her supporting role in \"Closer.\" She lost to Cate Blanchett who played Katharine Hepburn in \"The Aviator.\" [PAR] In January, she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama. [PAR] Portman's breakout role was in 1994's \"The Professional.\" She starred as an orphan adopted by a gentle hit man. By the '90s, Portman had major roles in such ensemble films as \"Beautiful Girls\" and \"Anywhere but Here\" She was eventually cast in 1999 as Padm\u00e9 Amidala in the long-anticipated \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy. [PAR] \"Black Swan\" is a psychological thriller directed by Darren Aronofsky (\"The Wrestler\"). Co-starring Vincent Cassel and Mila Kunis, it delves into the lives of two dancers (Kunis is the other) who is performing in a production of Tchaikovsky's \"Swan Lake.\" [PAR] More Academy Awards coverage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FA Cup: Greatest moments in every Premier League team's ... FA Cup: Greatest moments in every Premier League team's history | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Find out what Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert had to say about the FA Cup. [PAR] Since it's inception in 1871, the FA Cup has had it all - thrills, spills, shocks, surprises, stunning goals and some of the most memorable moments in English football's rich history. [PAR] With the third round of this year's tournament taking place this weekend, it's time for the big boys to get involved and for the smaller teams to dream of a fairytale run all the way to Wembley. [PAR] But, after Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert claimed the FA Cup is something the majority of Premier League clubs could do without, we take a time-out to remind you what is so special about the competition and list every top-flight club's best moment in the greatest domestic cup in the world. [PAR] [PAR] ARSENAL [PAR] Double up: Arsenal completed their first double under Arsene Wenger in 1998, goals from Dutch winger Marc Overmars and French striker Nicolas Anelka sealed a 2-0 win against Newcastle United in the FA Cup final at Wembley after the Gunners sealed the Premier League title, pipping Manchester United by one point. Arsenal won the double in 1971 and then for a third time in 2002. Since 2002, Arsenal have won the FA Cup twice more, in 2003 and 2005, and a total of 10 times in their history. [PAR] ASTON VILLA [PAR] Aston Villa captain Johnny Dixon holds the FA Cup aloft after a 2-1 win over Manchester United in the 1957 final. Peter McParland was the hero for the Villans that day as he scored both goals. This was the seventh time Villa had won the FA Cup but, amazingly for a club their size, they haven't since had a taste of glory. In fact, since their last FA Cup win, Villa have won the League Cup on five occasions, in 1961, 1975, 1977, 1994 and 1996, as well as their historic European Cup win in 1982. [PAR] CARDIFF [PAR] Across the Severn: For the first time in history the FA Cup left English shores and moved to the Welsh capital when Cardiff beat Arsenal 1-0 in the 1927 final. In the picture above, Arsenal goalkeeper Dan Lewis lets Hughie Ferguson's 74th minute shot slip through in one of the biggest howlers and most famous goals in FA Cup final history. Cardiff make it to the final two years before this, in 1925, and were also back there in 2008 when they were beaten by Harry Redknapp's Portsmouth. [PAR] CHELSEA [PAR] Early goal: Roberto di Matteo's strike after 42 seconds ended Chelsea's 27-year wait to land the Cup as he set them on their way to a 2-0 win over Middlesbrough in 1997. Eddie Newton sealed the win with an 83rd-minute goal. Chelsea have won the FA Cup five times since then and four times in six seasons under Roman Abramovich, including in 2012 when Di Matteo was manager and the Blues beat Liverpool 2-1 in the final. [PAR] CRYSTAL PALACE [PAR] Familiar face: Current Newcastle manager Alan Pardew's most memorable moment in his playing career. Pardew scored an extra-time winner for Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup semi-final against Liverpool at Villa Park. Palace won a thrilling tie 4-3 to advance to the final, where they played Manchester United. The first match was drawn 3-3 after extra time, but United won a less frantic replay 1-0 with a goal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Last Space Shuttle Launches Safely Into Orbit | WIRED The Last Space Shuttle Launches Safely Into Orbit | WIRED [PAR] The Last Space Shuttle Launches Safely Into Orbit [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] On Twitter [PAR] 5 hours [PAR] A comedy about the apocalypse\u2014penned by @neilhimself \u2014is slated for 2018. So there's that to look forward to at least bit.ly/2jcWNvp [PAR] Author: Dave Mosher. Dave Mosher Science [PAR] Date of Publication: 07.08.11. [PAR] Time of Publication: 11:38 am. [PAR] 11:38 am [PAR] The Last Space Shuttle Launches Safely Into Orbit [PAR] CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida \u2014 The last mission in NASA\u2019s decades-long space shuttle program is now underway. [PAR] Atlantis rocketed into orbit today at 11:29 a.m. EDT and is flying at 17,500 mph around the Earth. The mission, STS-135, will catch up with the International Space Station in two days. [PAR] The space shuttle launch marks the last in NASA\u2019s history, closing out a government-funded space program that lasted 30 years. [PAR] \u201cThe shuttle\u2019s always going to be a reflection of what a great nation can do when it commits to be bold and follow through,\u201d said astronaut Chris Ferguson, commander of the mission, from the cockpit of Atlantis just before pushing into space atop a billowing cloud of fumes. \u201cWe\u2019re completing a chapter of a journey that will never end. Let\u2019s light this fire one more time, and witness this great nation at its best.\u201d [PAR] During their 12-day mission, Ferguson and his three crewmembers \u2014 veteran astronauts Doug Hurley, Sandra Magnus and Rex Walheim \u2014 plan to wrap up construction of the space station. They\u2019ll deliver a new room crammed with a year\u2019s worth of food, water and other supplies and perform a suite of experiments in orbit, including the test of a bag able to recycle urine and a space-based iPhone application . They expect to land July 20 at 7:06 a.m. EDT. [PAR] NASA\u2019s space shuttle program has encountered both glowing support and heated opposition throughout its history. [PAR] The space shuttle\u2019s designers intended to make human spaceflight routine, safe and relatively inexpensive by launching the reusable spaceship 64 times per year at a cost of roughly $54 million (inflation-adjusted) per launch. In reality, the program averaged fewer than five launches a year and $1.5 billion per launch. [PAR] \u201cIt\u2019s a tough technical challenge to build a reusable spacecraft, and the president\u2019s Office of Management \u2026 drew a line on how much money would be spent,\u201d said Wayne Hale , a former NASA mission manager who now works as a director of human spaceflight for Special Aerospace Services. [PAR] Early on, Hale said, the program never got the roughly $5 billion it needed to build a robust launch system that could handle 64 launches a year, so it was forced to make costly compromises. \u201cIf we really wanted to have something that would have flown as frequently, we would have spent more,\u201d he said. [PAR] But space-policy expert John Logsdon of George Washington University thinks the shuttle was the wrong spacecraft altogether. [PAR] \u201cRather than lowering the costs of access to space and making it routine, the space shuttle turned out to be an experimental vehicle with multiple inherent risks, requiring extreme care and high costs to operate safely,\u201d he wrote in an op-ed published Wednesday by MIT Technology Review . [PAR] The space agency ultimately launched 135 space shuttle missions since 1981 at a total cost of about $209 billion. Two of the missions \u2014 Challenger\u2018s last in 1986 and Columbia\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Two Names: Aiden & Sophia | The Name Station About Two Names: Aiden & Sophia | The Name Station [PAR] The Name Station [PAR] December 10, 2011 \u00a7 6 Comments [PAR] Sophia Loren is popular inspiration behind 2011\u2019s number one baby name for girls in the US. [PAR] Attention almost ALL journos who covered the Top Baby Names for 2011 in the US: Isabella might be helped by Twilight, but the name was popular long before the books/films series took over, and it\u2019s popularity is more likely a byproduct of the large Hispanic population throughout the US, paired with people of all ethnicities who take to it\u2019s femininity, than that dang book/movie series. Babies named simply Bella, fine, we can talk, but Isabella is NOT Stephenie Meyer\u2019s doing. Jacob, too, was popular before the books. We can thank Twilight for names like Cullen, possibly Esme or Jasper, but not Isabella or Jacob. [PAR] Okay, rant done. [PAR] The number one names for 2011 in the US are not Isabella or Jacob, and the boys name isn\u2019t Mason, though these are all far more discussed than the top two choices. That\u2019s probably because both names \u2013 Aiden for boys, and Sophia for girls \u2013 made the top of the list last year. Yes, name trends take years, even decades to develop, and tastes won\u2019t change overnight. Aiden is the most popular of a huge group of two syllable, ends in -n names for boys on this year\u2019s list \u2013 Jackson, Mason, Jayden, Logan, Caden, Ryan, and Brayden are all in the Top 20. [PAR] Actor Aidan Quinn popularized Aiden in North America. [PAR] Aidan entered the US Top 1000 for the first time in 1995 and shot to the Top 100 by the turn of the century, continuing to build towards the top spot for the last ten years. American-Irish Aidan Quinn, prolific support star of films like Legends of the Fall, Michael Collins, Benny & Joon, and recently in the HBO film Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, popularized the name in North America. His career took off in the \u201990s, and so did this name. In a sense, Aidan Quinn let this name show up everywhere. People liked it, and the positives of the name far outweighed any negatives. Nicknames like Aid or Denny may not be preferable, but they\u2019re not exactly controversial. And that\u2019s a good thing for the popularity of Aiden. [PAR] British-born American soap actor Aiden Turner (not to be confused with popular Irish actor Aidan Turner) actually portrayed a character named Aidan Devane on All My Children until 2009. Turner and his American wife Megan welcomed a daughter named Ciella Larryn Turner in August 2009. Ciella got her middle name from Megan\u2019s father Larry Marshall, who died of cancer two weeks before her birth. [PAR] Unsurprisingly, Aiden is a top choice as a character name in the sci-fi genre (today\u2019s infant Aidens are the heroes of the future, and there will be a lot of them). And it isn\u2019t just popular in the United States \u2013 it\u2019s a Top 10 name in Canada and Malta (which isn\u2019t so surprising when it\u2019s noted that Aidan has found use in the Catalonia region of Spain), Top 20 in Scotland and Australia (Aiden as a girl\u2019s name charted in the state of South Australia in 2002!) For boy\u2019s it\u2019s Top 70 in New Zealand, too, but Aidan prevails as the top choice in Ireland at 48. [PAR] While some sources believe Aiden grew from the name of the Garden of Eden in the bible and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'X Factor' U.K. Reviewing Panel of Judges Amid Simon ... 'X Factor' U.K. Reviewing Panel of Judges Amid Simon Cowell Return | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] 'X Factor' U.K. Reviewing Panel of Judges Amid Simon Cowell Return [PAR] 4:59 AM PST 2/14/2014 by Georg Szalai [PAR] AP Images [PAR] Simon Cowell [PAR] Gary Barlow has already announced his departure, and former Pussycat Dolls member Nicole Scherzinger is also expected to leave, while Cheryl Cole may return to the ITV show. [PAR] The U.K. version of Simon Cowell's X Factor is reviewing the panel of judges for its upcoming 11th season, which is set to air on ITV later this year, with Nicole Scherzinger the latest star rumored to depart. [PAR] Cowell has announced his on-air return to the show this year after the cancellation of the U.S. version of the music competition. [PAR] Without Cowell as a judge, the ITV show has typically brought in a smaller audience than BBC rival Strictly Come Dancing, whose U.S. version is Dancing With the Stars. [PAR] PHOTOS: From Gwyneth Paltrow to Simon Cowell: How 8 Stars Are Trying to Halt the Aging Process [PAR] The last time Cowell had an on-air role on the ITV version, the final episode drew 17.2 million viewers. The most recent season finale reached only 9.11 million. [PAR] The Guardian and others late in the week reported that former Pussycat Dolls star Scherzinger, who has been on the judging panel since 2012, is expected to leave the X Factor U.K. and focus on her musical career. [PAR] A spokesman for the show told THR that no decisions on judges have been made beyond Cowell's return. [PAR] However, two other judges, former Take That star Gary Barlow and music manager Louis Walsh, have previously said that they would be leaving after the 10th season, which ended late last year. Walsh has since, however, said that he was excited about Cowell's return, hinting he could be up for a continued role. [PAR] PHOTOS: Behind the Scenes With Simon Cowell's Right-Hand Woman [PAR] Former X Factor U.K. judge Cheryl Cole has been mentioned by British media as possibly returning to the show. The Girls Aloud star was a judge on the U.K. show through 2010 before briefly serving as a judge on the U.S. version. [PAR] \"It's about whether she wants to do it and deal with it again,\" Cowell recently said when asked about a possible Cole return. Cole herself on Thursday tweeted an old picture of herself and Cowell on the U.K. show, which some fans took as a sign that she was interested in a return. [PAR] Robbie Williams and former X Factor U.K. finalist Olly Murs are also among the various names that U.K. media have mentioned as possible contenders. [PAR] Cowell last week said that he was \"absolutely thrilled\" to return to the X Factor U.K. in an on-air role, something that ITV executives have long hoped for. Late in 2013, ITV renewed X Factor and Cowell's Britain's Got Talent, on which he has remained a judge, for three more years. The new deal included a clause saying Cowell may appear on both shows. [PAR] E-mail: Georg.Szalai@THR.com"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information [PAR] Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information [PAR] By Becky Oskin, Contributing Writer | [PAR] May 7, 2015 04:52pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] This isn't likely to happen on the East Coast, but it could. This is an aerial view of damage to Sukuiso, Japan, a week after the earthquake and subsequent tsunami devastated the area in March, 2011. [PAR] Credit: Dylan McCord. U.S. Navy [PAR] On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake shook northeastern Japan, unleashing a savage tsunami. [PAR] The effects of the great earthquake were felt around the world, from Norway's fjords to Antarctica's ice sheet. Tsunami debris continues to wash up on North American beaches two years later. [PAR] Japan still recovering [PAR] In Japan, residents are still recovering from the disaster. Radioactive water was recently discovered leaking from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant , which suffered a level 7 nuclear meltdown after the tsunami. Japan relies on nuclear power, and many of the country's nuclear reactors remain closed because of stricter seismic safety standards since the earthquake. Four years after the quake, about 230,000 people who lost their homes were still living in temporary housing, Japan's Reconstruction Agency said. [PAR] The total damages from the earthquake and tsunami are estimated at $300 billion dollars (about 25 trillion yen), according to the Japanese government. [PAR] This map shows the travel times of the tsunami generated by the Honshu earthquake on March 11, 2011. [PAR] Credit: NOAA/NWS [PAR] Earthquake a surprise [PAR] The unexpected disaster was neither the largest nor the deadliest earthquake and tsunami to strike this century. That record goes to the 2004 Banda Aceh earthquake and tsunami in Sumatra, a magnitude-9.1, which killed more than 230,000 people. But Japan's one-two punch proved especially devastating for the earthquake-savvy country, because few scientists had predicted the country would experience such a large earthquake and tsunami. [PAR] Japan's scientists had forecast a smaller earthquake would strike the northern region of Honshu, the country's main island. Nor did they expect such a large tsunami. But there had been hints of the disaster to come. The areas flooded in 2011 closely matched those of a tsunami that hit Sendai in 869. In the decade before the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, a handful of Japanese geologists had begun to recognize that a large earthquake and tsunami had struck the northern Honshu region in 869. However, their warnings went unheeded by officials responsible for the country's earthquake hazard assessments. Now, tsunami experts from around the world have been asked to assess the history of past tsunamis in Japan, to better predict the country's future earthquake risk. [PAR] \"For big earthquakes, the tsunami is going to be the big destructive factor,\" said Vasily Titov, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Tsunami Research in Seattle, Washington. \"But if the nation is prepared, warning and education definitely saves lives. Compare the human lives lost in Sumatra and Japan. It's about 10 times less.\" [PAR] The cause [PAR] The 2011 Tohoku earthquake struck offshore of Japan, along a subduction zone where two of Earth's tectonic plates collide. In a subduction zone, one plate slides beneath another into the mantle, the hotter layer beneath the crust. The great plates are rough and stick together, building up energy that is released as earthquakes. East of Japan, the Pacific plate dives beneath the overriding Eurasian plate. The temblor completely released centuries of built up stress between the two tectonic plates, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kate Moss & Jamie Hince: Just Married! | Jamie Hince, Kate ... Kate Moss & Jamie Hince: Just Married! | Jamie Hince, Kate Moss, Wedding Pictures : Just Jared [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Kate Moss & Jamie Hince: Just Married! [PAR] Kate Moss shares a kiss with her new husband, rocker Jamie Hince , after tying the knot at St. Peter\u2019s Church on Friday (July 1) in Southrop, England. [PAR] The 37-year-old British model wore a dress designed by her long-time friend, John Galliano , while the groom, 42, suited up in Yves Saint Laurent, according to WWD . [PAR] \u201cIt was a wham bam rock n\u2019 roll marriage,\u201d a source told Us Weekly about the ceremony. [PAR] Kate and Jamie, a guitarist for The Kills, announced their engagement in February. [PAR] Congrats to the newlyweds!!! [PAR] Fifth Harmony makes a statement with their first performance as a foursome - TMZ [PAR] Did Jennifer Garner give Ben Affleck an ultimatum? - Gossip Cop [PAR] Tyler Posey steps out after a leaked video of him surfaces online - Just Jared Jr [PAR] Is there trouble in paradise for Khloe Kardashian and Tristan Thompson? - Radar [PAR] Bella Hadid thinks Selena Gomez is using The Weeknd - Lainey Gossip [PAR] Paul McCartney sues Sony for rights to Beatles songs - The Hollywood Reporter [PAR] me [PAR] She looks so cute and happy! =) [PAR] Jen [PAR] and? [PAR] Sienna [PAR] I LOVE HER DRESS. I\u2019m literally obsessed. John Galliano may be crazy but he is a great designer. They dressed the flower girls so cute too. Love their style. Congrats! [PAR] blair [PAR] Too bad (the very talented) John Galliano had to ruin his career. [PAR] Kyle [PAR] The dress certainly is lovely in parts, but looking at pics from other sites and this one, I would say that it is remarkably unflattering through the stomach and hips. If this dress makes her look like she has a little pouch stomach, imagine what it would do for other people. [PAR] I am digging is glasses and the pegged legs of his suit \u2013 very rock & roll indeed. [PAR] laverdadduele [PAR] She\u2019s a disgusting coke-head. They will end up divorced, why even bother? [PAR] Anne laure bernard [PAR] LOVE Kate ! Beautiful couple <3 [PAR] anon2 [PAR] @ Kyle : [PAR] I completely agree\u2026I don\u2019t like the part around her pelvic area where the darker material turns sheer and makes a \u201cw\u201d. If they found a way to make the material blend better, it would be perfect. Otherwise, I like that it is a little different with the details on the bottom of the dress and the veil. The color is great too. [PAR] gross [PAR] she has coke bloat and rotten teeth. yuck. looking old and wrinkly too. [PAR] Dede [PAR] Why is this woman who made it \u201cchic\u201d to look like a drugged up anorexic so idolized? smh. [PAR] CCrider [PAR] Love her! She looks so happy! And her daughter is such a cutie!!!! [PAR] Neoon [PAR] bloated stomach\u2026.we know what that\u2019s from..too much booze and\u2026 [PAR] shoegal [PAR] virgule [PAR] They both look radiant, congrats to them! [PAR] Major dress and ring envy!!! The dress is understated and yet very stylished and elegant. And I love the idea of a flower-girls-only bridal party. [PAR] Ruth [PAR] Neoon @ 07/01/2011 at 4:16 pm 0 [PAR] bloated stomach\u2026.we know what that\u2019s from..too much booze and\u2026 [PAR] \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 [PAR] Perhaps she is just pregnant. [PAR] Wish them all the best and I hope that she will find true happiness this time."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Friday - Mashable Black Friday [PAR] Topics [PAR] Black Friday [PAR] Black Friday is the day following Thanksgiving Day in the United States, traditionally the beginning of the Christmas shopping season. On this day, most major retailers open extremely early, often at 4 a.m., or earlier, and offer promotional sales to kick off the shopping season, similar to Boxing Day sales in many Commonwealth Nations. Black Friday is not actually a holiday, but some non-retail employers give their employees the day off, increasing the number of potential shoppers. It has routinely been the busiest shopping day of the year since 2005, although news reports, which at that time were inaccurate, have described it as the busiest shopping day of the year for a much longer period of time. [PAR] The day's name originated in Philadelphia, where it originally was used to describe the heavy and disruptive pedestrian and vehicle traffic which would occur on the day after Thanksgiving. Use of the term started before 1961 and began to see broader use outside Philadelphia around 1975...."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What team will win the 2011 Super Bowl? - Quora What team will win the 2011 Super Bowl? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] As of Jan 03, 2011 (with the playoffs set), the Patriots are (unsurprisingly) the Vegas favorite, with most sportsbooks paying only 2 to 1 on them. By contrast, the Seahawks are the biggest long-shot, paying 100 to 1. [PAR] UPDATE (2011-01-17): [PAR] As of the conclusion of the Divisional Round of the playoffs, the Packers are the Vegas favorite to win the Super Bowl. The Bears are considered the biggest long-shot. [PAR] 1) Packers to win pays 1.4 to 1 [PAR] 2) Steelers to win pays 2 to 1 [PAR] 3) Jets to win pays 3 to 1 [PAR] 4) Bears to win pays 5 to 1 [PAR] UPDATE (2011-02-06): [PAR] As you all probably know, the Packers are favored by 3 points over the Steelers in the Super Bowl. With regard to the simple \"odds of winning\" that we have been citing here, Vegas says: [PAR] Steelers to win pays 1.15 to 1 [PAR] Packers to win pays 0.74 to 1."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 100th annual International Women\u2019s Day: celebration with ... By Tricycle [PAR] Mar 08, 2011 [PAR] I have to admit that I didn\u2019t even know it was International Women\u2019s Day (IWD) until my male coworkers mentioned it late in the morning. A female colleague was also oblivious to the anniversary. When I think of \u201cwomen\u2019s rights\u201d I think of my great-grandmother, marching for women\u2019s suffrage, or Gloria Steinem\u2019s leadership during the Women\u2019s Liberation Movement. But as I read more about today\u2019s events in honor of IWD I was reminded that gender discrimination is not a thing of the past. [PAR] 100 years ago, the first International Women\u2019s Day was celebrated in Austria, Germany, Denmark, and Switzerland. In the century since, IWD celebrations have spread throughout the world\u2013from Zambia to Afghanistan to Cambodia to Fiji. IWD events celebrate the economic, social, and political achievements that women have made in the last 100 years, but it is also an opportunity for organizations to draw attention to the pervasive gender inequalities throughout the world. Several Buddhist groups\u2013including Buddhist Global Relief , Heart Circle Sangha , and Phap Nguyen Buddhist Congregation \u2013have partnered with Oxfam America to organize 100 events in the U.S. this month with the goal of \u201craising awareness about the struggles millions of poor women still face today.\u201d From the Oxfam press release: [PAR] \u201cWhile most of us think of hunger as lack of food, it is actually lack of power. We grow enough food to feed everyone, yet hundreds of millions of women continue to go hungry. On this anniversary of International Women\u2019s Day, we organized ourselves to not forget about these women around the world who will go to bed hungry so their family can eat instead.\u201d In many poor countries, women are the ones who collect food, water and fuel, maintain the home and look after the children. When food is scarce, women often eat less so other family members can have enough. Most of these rural women rely on farming to earn a living. But although women produce most of the world\u2019s food, they often lack access to vital resources, like a steady source of water or a market where they can sell their crops for a fair price. Climate change poses an added threat, with erratic rainfall and droughts that disrupt the growing season and risk further hunger. Meanwhile, women have fewer opportunities to learn new skills, access credit or find well paying jobs. Seventy five percent of the worlds 876 [million] illiterate adults are women. [PAR] This year\u2019s IWD theme is \u201cEqual access to education, training and science and technology: Pathway to decent work for women.\u201d Visit the International Women\u2019s Day website to find events in your area and check out the Huffington Post\u2019s \u201c5 Ways Help Empower Women\u201d slide show. Happy International Women\u2019s Day![DOC] [TLE] 100th International Women's Day - March 8th 2011 - PeaceWomen 100th International Women's Day - March 8th 2011 | PeaceWomen [PAR] 100th International Women's Day - March 8th 2011 [PAR] Monday, March 14, 2011 [PAR] Issue: [PAR] 123 [PAR] This 123 edition of PeaceWomen ENews features women, peace and security news, events and resources from peacewomen.org. The last PeaceWomen ENews focused on the 55th Session of CSW. ( click here for full version ). [PAR] Editorial: [PAR] Last week, we marked the 100th anniversary of International Women's Day (March 8, 2011). A centennial of International Women's Day seems like a historic milestone in some ways, yet the reality of this day is less about celebrating and more about solidarity with women and girls around the world who are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CBC News - Glasgow sculptor Martin Boyce wins Turner Prize CBC News - Glasgow sculptor Martin Boyce wins Turner Prize [PAR] 1 [PAR] Glasgow sculptor Martin Boyce wins Turner Prize [PAR] Sculptor Martin Boyce, whose works include artificial trees and a leaning litter bin, has won Britain's Turner Prize. [PAR] Glasgow sculptor Martin Boyce wins Turner Prize [PAR] Posted:Dec 05, 2011 5:49 PM ET [PAR] Last Updated:Dec 05, 2011 5:48 PM ET [PAR] Martin Boyce poses with his work Do Words Have Voices after winning Britain's Turner Prize at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead, northern England on Monday. Nigel Roddis/Reuters [PAR] Related [PAR] Sculptor Martin Boyce, whose works include artificial trees and a leaning litter bin, has won Britain\u2019s Turner Prize. [PAR] Glasgow-based Boyce accepted the modern art award at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead, northern U.K., on Monday, with photographer Mario Testino presenting him with a \u00a325,000 ($39,770 Cdn) cheque. [PAR] Boyce\u2019s sculptural installations have reimagined fences, chairs, garbage bins and other items normally found in public spaces. [PAR] The judges said his work \"uses his knowledge of historic design to create distinctive sculptural installations while opening up a new sense of poetry.\" [PAR] The prestigious and frequently controversial Turner Prize has been awarded since 1984 to a British artist under age 50. Past winners have included Damien Hirst\u2019s pickled cow and sound artist Susan Philipsz's tapes of her own voice. [PAR] Boyce turned three large white gallery pillars into trees, topped by canopies of uniform white leaves, with brown leaves scattered on the ground. [PAR] \"You can generate a sort of mood or atmosphere, a psychological presence by placing an object within a space,\" the 43-year-old artist said. [PAR] The other nominees were installation sculptor Karla Black, video artist Hilary Lloyd and painter George Shaw. This year's artists attracted less controversy than some years \u2014 the Turner Prize frequently sparks a public debate about the value of contemporary art. [PAR] The exhibition of Turner nominees' art was held at the Baltic, the first time it has been held away from the Tate museums, but it drew the usual crowds eager to see what the fuss was about. In future years, the exhibition will travel to different U.K. cities.[DOC] [TLE] Turner Prize: 2012 shortlist announced - BBC News Turner Prize: 2012 shortlist announced - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Turner Prize: 2012 shortlist announced [PAR] 1 May 2012 [PAR] From the section Entertainment & Arts [PAR] comments [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Paul Noble creates large-scale, intricate drawings of a fictional metropolis, named Nobson Newtown. His nominated work is called Public Toilet. [PAR] Image caption Spartacus Chetwynd is nominated for her exhibition at Sadie Coles HQ, London. Her carnivalesque installations use handmade costumes and sets. [PAR] Image caption All Divided Selves by Luke Fowler is a film exploring the life and work of Scottish psychiatrist, RD Laing. [PAR] Image caption Elizabeth Price, a video artist, is nominated for her solo exhibition at the Baltic, Gateshead. [PAR] A woman who once based a work around Star Wars character Jabba the Hutt is one of the four artists shortlisted for this year's \u00a325,000 Turner Prize. [PAR] Performance artist Lali \"Spartacus\" Chetwynd joins Luke Fowler, Paul Noble and Elizabeth Price on the shortlist. [PAR] The prestigious prize is awarded to a British artist, under the age of 50, considered to have put on the best exhibition of the last 12 months. [PAR] The winning artist will be announced at Tate Britain in London on 3 December."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Former heavyweight boxing champ Joe Frazier dies - CNN.com Former heavyweight boxing champ Joe Frazier dies - CNN.com [PAR] Former heavyweight boxing champ Joe Frazier dies [PAR] By the CNN Wire Staff [PAR] Updated 4:40 PM ET, Tue November 8, 2011 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Joe Frazier and Russian Vadim Yemelyanov fight in a semifinal at the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 1964. Frazier went on to win gold. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Frazier poses in a fighting stance in the ring with his trainer Eddie Futch behind the ropes in 1968. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Muhammad Ali goes down in the 15th round after a left hook from world heavyweight champion Frazier in 1971, who kept the title with a unanimous points win. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Frazier and Joe Bugner compete during a world title eliminator fight at Earl's Court, London, in 1973. Frazier emerged the winner after a very hard-fought match. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Then South African president Nelson Mandela poses with former heavyweight boxing champions Michael Spinks, left, and Frazier in Pretoria in 1997. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Frazier and Sugar Ray Leonard meet before Frazier's daughter Jacqui Frazier-Lyde fought Laila Ali during the women's super middleweight fight in 2001 in New York. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Frazier and boxing promoter Don King attend the roasting of Don King at the Friars Club in 2005 in New York. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 8 [PAR] Photos: Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures [PAR] Joe Frazier: A Life in Pictures \u2013 Frazier poses for a portrait at his boxing gym in 2009 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Mayor calls him the \"quintessential\" Philly boxer [PAR] Frazier was \"swarming and unrelenting,\" columnist says [PAR] Frazier was diagnosed with liver cancer only recently [PAR] Muhammad Ali says \"the world has lost a great champion\" [PAR] Joe Frazier, the hard-hitting boxing heavyweight who handed the legendary Muhammad Ali his first defeat, died Monday, just a month after being diagnosed with liver cancer, his family said in a statement. [PAR] The former heavyweight champion, who was 67, became a legend in his own right and personified the gritty working-class style of his hard-knuckled hometown, Philadelphia -- a fitting setting for the \"Rocky\" film series, starring Sylvester Stallone as hardscrabble boxer Rocky Balboa. Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter called Frazier the \"quintessential Philadelphia boxer.\" [PAR] \"You could hear him coming, snorting and grunting and puffing, like a steam engine climbing a steep grade,\" Bill Lyon wrote in a Philadelphia Inquirer column about Frazier, nicknamed Smokin' Joe. [PAR] \"He was swarming and unrelenting, and he prided himself that he never took a backward step, and he reduced the Sweet Science to this brutal bit of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 [PAR] Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee, Tawakkol Karman [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 [PAR] Photo: K. Opprann [PAR] Tawakkol Karman [PAR] Prize share: 1/3 [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 was awarded jointly to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\". [PAR] Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"The Nobel Peace Prize 2011\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2011/>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wimbledon 2011 - Photo 10 - Pictures - CBS News Wimbledon 2011 - Photo 10 - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Wimbledon 2011 [PAR] Spanish player Rafael Nadal returns the ball to Serbian player Novak Djokovic during the men's single final at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships at the All England Tennis Club, in southwest London on July 3, 2011. [PAR] Credit: CARL DE SOUZA/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Serbian player Novak Djokovic serves to Spanish player Rafael Nadal during the men's single final at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships at the All England Tennis Club, in southwest London on July 3, 2011. [PAR] Credit: GLYN KIRK/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Serbia's Novak Djokovic dives for a return shot to Spain's Rafael Nadal during the men's singles final at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, Sunday, July 3, 2011. [PAR] Credit: AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth [PAR] A spectator with a Serbian flag on her cheek gestures as she watches the final between Spanish player Rafael Nadal and Serbian player Novak Djokovic at a giant screen at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships at the All England Tennis Club, in southwest London on July 3, 2011. [PAR] Credit: LEON NEAL/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Spanish player Rafael Nadal returns the ball to Serbian player Novak Djokovic during the men's single final at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships at the All England Tennis Club, in southwest London on July 3, 2011. [PAR] Credit: CARL DE SOUZA/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Novak Djokovic of Serbia returns a shot during his final round Gentlemen's match against Rafael Nadal of Spain on Day Thirteen of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club on July 3, 2011 in London, England. [PAR] Credit: Stephen Pond/Pool/Getty Images [PAR] Serbian player Novak Djokovic returns the ball to Spanish player Rafael Nadal during the men's single final at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships at the All England Tennis Club, in southwest London on July 3, 2011. [PAR] Credit: GLYN KIRK/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Novak Djokovic of Serbia celebrates championship point after winning his final round Gentlemen's match against Rafael Nadal of Spain on Day Thirteen of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club on July 3, 2011 in London, England. Djokovic beat the defending champion Rafael Nadal 6-4, 6-1, 1-6, 6-3. [PAR] Credit: Getty Images/Julian Finney [PAR] Winner Novak Djokovic of Serbia and runner-up Rafael Nadal of Spain with their trophies after their final round Gentlemen's match on Day Thirteen of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club on July 3, 2011 in London, England. [PAR] Credit: Clive Brunskill/Getty Images [PAR] Serbian player Novak Djokovic kisses the trophy after beating Spanish player Rafael Nadal in the men's single final at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships at the All England Tennis Club, in southwest London on July 3, 2011. It was his first Wimbledon men's final title. [PAR] Credit: Getty Images/Glyn Kirk [PAR] Irina Khromacheva of Russia returns a shot during her final round Girls' match against Ashleigh Barty of Australia on Day Thirteen of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club on July 3, 2011 in London, England. [PAR] Credit: Michael Regan/Getty Images [PAR] Ashleigh Barty of Australia kisses her trophy after winning her final round Girls' match against Irina Khromacheva of Russia on Day Thirteen of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club on July 3, 2011 in London, England. [PAR] Credit: Michael Regan/Getty Images [PAR] Russia's Maria Sharapova serves to Petra Kvitova of the Czech Republic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Estonia Enters Euro - ECJ - europeancleaningjournal.com Estonia Enters Euro - ECJ [PAR] Estonia enters euro [PAR] 16th of March 2011 [PAR] On January 1 Estonia became the 17th country to join the eurozone when it adopted the currency, the first former Soviet republic to do so. With GDP of 14 billion euros it is the second smallest euro economy after Malta. [PAR] The country is likely to be the last addition to the eurozone for several years. Lithuania and Latvia are next in line and aiming for 2014, with bigger countries in eastern Europe being reluctant to set target dates. [PAR] Despite being the poorest nation in the bloc and having a population of only 1.3 million people, its low levels of public debts make Estonia the fiscally soundest country."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Surgeons carry out first synthetic windpipe transplant ... Surgeons carry out first synthetic windpipe transplant - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Surgeons carry out first synthetic windpipe transplant [PAR] By Michelle Roberts Health reporter, BBC News, in Stockholm [PAR] 7 July 2011 [PAR] Image caption The replacement windpipe was grown in the lab [PAR] Surgeons in Sweden have carried out the world's first synthetic organ transplant. [PAR] Scientists in London created an artificial windpipe which was then coated in stem cells from the patient. [PAR] Crucially, the technique does not need a donor, and there is no risk of the organ being rejected. The surgeons stress a windpipe can also be made within days. [PAR] The 36-year-old cancer patient is doing well a month after the operation. [PAR] Professor Paolo Macchiarini from Italy led the pioneering surgery, which took place at the Karolinska University Hospital. [PAR] In an interview with the BBC, he said he now hopes to use the technique to treat a nine-month-old child in Korea who was born with a malformed windpipe or trachea. [PAR] Professor Macchiarini already has 10 other windpipe transplants under his belt - most notably the world's first tissue-engineered tracheal transplant in 2008 on 30-year-old Spanish woman Claudia Costillo - but all required a donor. [PAR] Indistinguishable [PAR] The key to the latest technique is modelling a structure or scaffold that is an exact replica of the patient's own windpipe, removing the need for a donor organ. [PAR] To do this he enlisted the help of UK experts who were given 3D scans of the 36-year-old African patient, Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene. The geology student currently lives in Iceland where he is studying for a PhD. [PAR] Using these images, the scientists at University College London were able to craft a perfect copy of Mr Beyene's trachea and two main bronchi out of glass. [PAR] This was then flown to Sweden and soaked in a solution of stem cells taken from the patient's bone marrow. [PAR] After two days, the millions of holes in the porous windpipe had been seeded with the patient's own tissue. [PAR] Dr Alex Seifalian and his team used this fragile structure to create a replacement for the patient, whose own windpipe was ravaged by an inoperable tumour. [PAR] Despite aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the cancer had grown to the size of a golf ball and was blocking his breathing. Without a transplant he would have died. [PAR] During a 12-hour operation Professor Macchiarini removed all of the tumour and the diseased windpipe and replaced it with the tailor-made replica. [PAR] The bone marrow cells and lining cells taken from his nose, which were also implanted during the operation, were able to divide and grow, turning the inert windpipe scaffold into an organ indistinguishable from a normal healthy one. [PAR] And, importantly, Mr Beyene's body will accept it as its own, meaning he will not need to take the strong anti-rejection drugs that other transplant patients have to. [PAR] Professor Macchiarini said this was the real breakthrough. [PAR] \"Thanks to nanotechnology, this new branch of regenerative medicine, we are now able to produce a custom-made windpipe within two days or one week. [PAR] \"This is a synthetic windpipe. The beauty of this is you can have it immediately. There is no delay. This technique does not rely on a human donation.\" [PAR] He said many other organs could be repaired or replaced in the same way. [PAR] A month on from his operation, Mr Beyene is still looking weak, but well. [PAR] Sitting up in his hospital"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World's happiest countries named - CNN.com World's happiest countries named - CNN.com [PAR] MUST WATCH [PAR] And the secret to happiness is... 01:59 [PAR] \"Indeed the goals themselves embody the very idea that human well-being should be nurtured through a holistic approach that combines economic, social and environmental objectives,\" Sachs said. \"Rather than taking a narrow approach focused solely on economic growth,we should promote societies that are prosperous, just, and environmentally sustainable.\" [PAR] Not just about the money [PAR] Iceland and Ireland both suffered through banking crises that dramatically affected their economies but didn't greatly affect their happiness, according to the report. What both countries have is a high degree of social support, enough to put Iceland in third place and Ireland in 19th place this year, according to the report. [PAR] Strictly focusing on financial well-being can obscure the larger picture, according to the University of British Columbia's John Helliwell. [PAR] \"In Norway, it's quite common for people to paint each other's houses even though they can all afford to pay to have their houses painted,\" said Helliwell, a report co-editor and co-director of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. [PAR] \"They go out of their way to help each other, and it becomes a social event, and those events are enormously supportive of well-being,\" Helliwell said. \"In the commercialization of activity -- when people are more likely to buy things than to do them for themselves and each other -- we lose something along the way.\" [PAR] Inequality of happiness [PAR] It turns out that people are also happier in countries where there's less inequality of well-being, the report found. And happiness inequality has increased significantly \"in most countries and regions of the world,\" said Helliwell, comparing 2012-15 data with 2005-11 data. [PAR] The country of Bhutan, a tiny country famous for measuring the \"Gross National Happiness\" of its people, ranked No. 1 in happiness equality, followed by Comoros and the Netherlands. South Sudan, Sierra Leone and Liberia had the highest happiness inequality. [PAR] A country may have really rich and really poor people, and the poor people don't have enough money to construct a good life for themselves, he said. Or people may have money but have no social support or friends, or live in an area where there's government corruption or lack of freedom to make their own life choices. [PAR] The birth of 'Gross National Happiness' [PAR] It's no surprise that Bhutan would come out on top, despite not being a world economic power: Its Prime Minister proposed a World Happiness Day to the United Nations in 2011 and launched this international focus on happiness. [PAR] Following in Bhutan's footsteps, the U.N. General Assembly declared March 20 as World Happiness Day in 2012 , recognizing \"happiness and well-being as universal goals and aspirations in the lives of human beings around the world.\" [PAR] In recent years, other countries have made happiness a public policy goal of their governments. Bhutan, Ecuador and the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela have all appointed \"Minsters of Happiness\" to focus on the happiness of their people."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lady Gaga Tops Celebrity 100 List - Forbes Lady Gaga Tops Celebrity 100 List [PAR] Lady Gaga Tops Celebrity 100 List [PAR] comments, called-out [PAR] The men and women on our annual Celebrity 100 list\u2013the most powerful people in the entertainment business this year\u2013earned $4.5 billion over the last 12 months by starring in films, playing basketball, walking the catwalk and more. But they also rose to the top by garnering influence. [PAR] These days that means mastering social media. Lady Gaga topples Oprah Winfrey from her No.1 spot on our list, which she\u2019s given up for only the third time in seven years. Gaga is there not just because of the $90 million she earned with a monster tour, but also because of her 32 million Facebook fans and 10 million Twitter followers\u2013aka Little Monsters\u2013who helped move 1 million digital downloads of her recent single \u201cBorn This Way\u201d in only five days. They\u2019re also happy to buy the MAC makeup, Monster headphones and Virgin Mobile phones she features in her videos. [PAR] Slide Show: The Celebrity 100 In Pictures [PAR] Oprah doesn\u2019t fall far though. The daytime talk maven, who earned $290 million last year, comes in second. Winfrey\u2019s earnings sank $25 million partially due to a reduced payday at SiriusXM. She still earns big from her syndicated show and from the stars she\u2019s spawned, including Dr. Phil (No. 18) Rachael Ray and Dr. Oz. Winfrey\u2019s earning power will take a bigger hit next year, when her syndicated show ends and she concentrates all her efforts on the struggling OWN network. [PAR] Maybe it would help if Oprah took a lesson from No. 3 Justin Bieber. The Biebs debuts on our list at the tender young age of 17, with $53 million earned over the last 12 months thanks to concerts, music sales and a 3-D documentary movie that grossed $100 million at the global box office. If this were 10 years ago Bieber would still be paying his dues in small clubs and schools, but thanks to the Internet, he\u2019s a sensation. His first hit song, \u201cBaby,\u201d has been viewed 500 million times, a YouTube record. [PAR] Reality TV it girl Bethenny Frankel is another newbie worth noting. Famous for her newest hit show, Bethenny Ever After, she\u2019s used the small-screen platform to promote her Skinnygirl brand, helping her earn $55 million this year. She joins our list in 42nd place. Her entrepreneurial prowess\u2013she sold her Skinnygirl Cocktails to [PAR] Fortune Brands [PAR] and nabbed a $100 million cut of the deal paid out over multiple years\u2013also put her on the cover of our magazine this week. [PAR] The Celebrity 100, which includes film and television actors, TV personalities, models, athletes, authors, musicians and comedians, is a measure of entertainment-related earnings and media visibility (exposure in print, television, radio and online). We also measure social media power by looking at each celebrity\u2019s presence on Facebook and Twitter. The earnings consist of pretax income between May 1, 2010, and May 1, 2011. Management, agent and attorney fees are not deducted. Forbes has been publishing the list annually since 1999. [PAR] Despite problems on and off the golf course, Tiger Woods still makes the top 10, ranking sixth with $75 million in annual earnings. Woods hasn\u2019t won a tournament since the revelation of his marital infidelities in 2009, and he recently withdrew from The Players Championship. But he still commands $3 million a pop for overseas appearances, and collects money from his remaining sponsors, [PAR] Nike [PAR] Electronic Arts [PAR] . [PAR] Having a much better year: Leonardo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] build a rocket boys! - YouTube build a rocket boys! - YouTube [PAR] build a rocket boys! [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 6, 2012 [PAR] Build a Rocket Boys! is the fifth studio album by the indie rock/alternative rock band Elbow, released on 4 March 2011 in the UK. Coinciding with the UK release, the album was available digitally in the United States on 8 March and released in the physical format on 12 April. It is the follow-up to the highly successful The Seldom Seen Kid, and like its predecessor, was self-produced by the band in Blueprint Studios, Manchester. The album was nominated for the 2011 Mercury Prize.[3] [PAR] The first single, \"Neat Little Rows\", was released on 27 February 2011. The song received its first radio airplay on 13 January 2011. The video for the single was produced by The Soup Collective and filmed at Blueprint Studios where the album was recorded. It premiered on 31 January 2011.[4] [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Venezuelan wins sixth Miss Universe crown | Reuters Venezuelan wins sixth Miss Universe crown | Reuters [PAR] Mon Aug 24, 2009 | 3:30 AM EDT [PAR] Venezuelan wins sixth Miss Universe crown [PAR] 1/10 [PAR] Miss Venezuela, Stefania Fernandez waves onstage after winning the Miss Universe 2009 annual pageant held at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 2/10 [PAR] Miss Venezuela Stefania Fernandez (C) celebrates onstage with other contestants after being crowned Miss Universe 2009 at the annual pageant at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 3/10 [PAR] Miss Venezuela Stefania Fernandez blows a kiss on stage after winning the Miss Universe 2009 annual pageant held at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 4/10 [PAR] Miss Venezuela Stefania Fernandez smiles onstage after winning the Miss Universe 2009 annual pageant at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 5/10 [PAR] Miss Venezuela Stefania Fernandez celebrates onstage after winning the Miss Universe 2009 annual pageant at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 6/10 [PAR] Reigning Miss Universe Dayana Mendoza (R) of Venezuela congratulates Miss Venezuela Stefania Fernandez, winner of the Miss Universe 2009 annual pageant, held at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 7/10 [PAR] Contestants take part in the opening number of the Miss Universe 2009 annual pageant held at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Finalists (L-R) Miss Dominican Republic Ada Aimee de la Cruz, Miss Australia Rachael Finch, Miss Puerto Rico Mayra Matos Perez, Miss Venezuela Stefania Fernandez and Miss Kosovo Gona Dragusha wait for the winner to be announced at the Miss Universe 2009 annual pageant at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. Fernandez was crowned Miss Universe 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 9/10 [PAR] Miss Dominican Republic, Ada Aimee de la Cruz (L) and Miss Venezuela, Stefania Fernandez hold hands as they wait to find out which of them is named Miss Universe 2009 during the annual pageant held at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. Miss Venezuela, Stefania Fernandez was crowned Miss Uinverse 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] 10/10 [PAR] Miss Universe 2009 Stefania Fernandez of Venezuela smiles as she stands with Miss Universe organization owner Donald Trump after winning the crown during the annual pageant at Atlantis on Paradise Island in the Bahamas August 23, 2009. [PAR] Reuters/Lucas Jackson + [PAR] By Neil Hartnell | NASSAU [PAR] NASSAU Venezuelan Stefania Fernandez, an 18-year-old brunette, won the Miss Universe 2009 title on Sunday, giving her South American country its second consecutive win and its sixth title in the beauty pageant. [PAR] The svelte Venezuelan model defeated favorites from Australia and Dominican Republic to became the 58th winner of the crown in a show broadcast live around the world from the Atlantis, Paradise Island resort in the Bahamas. [PAR] The first runner-up was Miss Dominican Republic, Ada Aimee de la Cruz, while Miss Kosovo, Gona Dragusha, was second runner-up. [PAR] Fernandez received the crown from fellow Venezuelan Dayana Mendoza, who won the 2008 Miss Universe contest held in Vietnam's resort city of Nha Trang. [PAR] Overcome with excitement as the two Venezuelan beauties embraced, Mendoza initially fumbled and dropped the jewel-studded crown before placing it on Fernandez' head. [PAR] It was"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand National 2011: Ballabriggs wins in a day of drama at ... Grand National 2011: Ballabriggs wins in a day of drama at Aintree | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] 22-year-old Irish jockey taken to hospital with head injuries in pre-Grand National race [PAR] Two horses fatally injured in falls which led to just 28 fences being jumped for the first time [PAR] BBC responds to criticism by saying presenters handled deaths 'sensitively' [PAR] Critical condition: Peter Toole was injured in a race preceding yesterday's Grand National [PAR] Jockey Peter Toole is in a critical condition in hospital after being hurt in a heavy fall at Aintree on Grand National Day. [PAR] Toole was injured when his mount, the outsider Classic Fly, crashed to the ground in the early stages of the John Smith's Maghull Novices' Chase, the 2.15pm race on the card yesterday. [PAR] The 22-year-old has been put in a medically-induced coma after he suffered bleeding on the right side of his brain and a dislocated shoulder. [PAR] His fall came before two horses died during yesterday\u2019s Grand National in one of the most \u2018distressing\u2019 races in recent history. [PAR] The 22-year-old Irishman was taken to the nearby Fazakerley Hospital then later transferred to the hospital's Walton Centre For Neurology & Neuro Surgery. [PAR] Trainer Charlie Mann, to whom Mr Toole is attached as a conditional jockey, said: 'He's in an induced coma and he won't be brought out until Monday at the earliest. [PAR] 'He has bleeding on the right-hand side of his brain. He also dislocated a shoulder which has since been put back in place. [PAR] 'He's on a ventilator, and it's not great - but we won't know any more until Monday.' [PAR] Weighing-room colleague David Crosse added: 'Ive spoken to Peter's dad who said he remains stable, but with no improvement. [PAR] 'He's going to be sedated for 24 hours.' [PAR] During the Grand National, millions of TV viewers saw Ornais fall at the fourth fence, breaking his neck, while Dooneys Gate broke his back minutes later at Becher\u2019s Brook. [PAR] It meant that for the first time in the race\u2019s history the two fences were bypassed during the second circuit of the Aintree track \u2013 as the horses were hastily screened off with tarpaulins. [PAR] But the BBC was accused of a \u2018cover-up\u2019 after commentator Mick Fitzgerald described the dead horses as \u2018obstacles\u2019. [PAR] Distressing sight: Runners and riders lie in a tangle on the ground after jumping the notorious Becher's Brook where Dooneys Gate died today [PAR] The former Grand National winner made the remark while discussing how chequered flags were waved as jockeys approached the 20th and 22nd fences, which they were required to bypass because the dead bodies had not been removed. [PAR] Mr Fitzgerald said: \u2018The thing is, you know there is an obstacle ahead, that\u2019s what these chequered flags tell you.\u2019 [PAR] One viewer wrote on the corporation\u2019s own website: \u2018I\u2019m amazed that the BBC coverage pans over the tarpaulins on the re-run and the commentators just talk about \u201cobstacles\u201d.\u2019 [PAR] Another said: \u2018And the BBC \u2013 shame on you. No mention of what\u2019s happened, even when there\u2019s 2 dead covered horses on screen.\u2019 [PAR] On The Mail on Sunday website, commenters also expressed outrage. \u2018Jax\u2019 branded the race \u2018disgusting and cruel\u2019, adding: \u2018It\u2019s not the Grand National, it\u2019s a national disgrace.\u2019 [PAR] Covered up: A dead horse is hidden by tarpaulin as the race continues over on the far side of the Aintree course [PAR] Another, \u2018Phoenix\u2019, said: \u2018I cannot believe in this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FilmNav \u2013 The website highway for British film-makers ... FilmNav \u2013 The website highway for British film-makers | FilmNav [PAR] [PAR] Gary Leonard Oldman (born 21 March 1958) is an English actor, filmmaker and musician. [PAR] A member of the 1980s Brit Pack, Oldman came to prominence via starring roles in British films Meantime (1983), Sid and Nancy (1986) and Prick Up Your Ears (1987); in 1987, film critic Roger Ebert described him as \u201cthe best young British actor around\u201d.[2] Oldman went on to star in many popular motion pictures of the 1990s to the present day, often as dark and morally ambiguous characters,[3] many of which he has characterised as \u201cwacky or strange\u201d.[4] His acting credits include: The Firm (1989), State of Grace (1990), JFK (1991), Dracula (1992), True Romance (1993), Immortal Beloved (1994), L\u00e9on (1994), The Fifth Element (1997), The Contender (2000), the Harry Potter film series, Christopher Nolan\u2019s Batman film trilogy, and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011). In addition to his film career, Oldman has starred in United States television shows such as Knots Landing, Fallen Angels, Tracey Takes On\u2026 and Friends. He is also known for providing the voice of Viktor Reznov in the popular Call of Duty video game series and Lord Shen in Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011). [PAR] Oldman has been cited as an influence by a number of successful actors.[5] Although he has won, and been nominated for, multiple awards during his career, he has been described as one of the greatest actors never nominated for an Academy Award.[6][7][8][9] Aside from acting, he has served as a producer on several films, and directed, wrote and co-produced Nil by Mouth (1997), a film partially based on his own childhood,[10] for which he was nominated for the 1997 Palme d\u2019Or and won two BAFTA Awards. Oldman also attracted media attention for his marriage to actress Uma Thurman in the early 1990s. In 2011, he was voted an \u201cIcon of Film\u201d by Empire readers, in recognition of his contributions to cinema.[11] [PAR] [PAR] Early life [PAR] Gary Oldman was born in London, the son of Kathleen (n\u00e9e Cheriton; b. 28 November 1919), a housewife, and Leonard Bertram Oldman (21 May 1921 \u2013 October 1985), a former sailor who worked as a welder.[12][13] Oldman has a sister who is also an actress, Laila Morse. Oldman has said that his father was an abusive alcoholic who left his family when Oldman was seven.[14] Oldman was an accomplished singer and pianist as a child, but gave up music to pursue an acting career.[15] His inspiration was Malcolm McDowell\u2019s performance in 1970 film The Raging Moon.[16][17] In a 1995 interview with Charlie Rose, Oldman said: \u201cSomething about Malcolm [McDowell] just arrested me, and I connected, and I said \u2018I wanna do that\u2019.\u201d[18] Oldman retained his love for music, however, and can be seen singing and playing piano in the 1988 film Track 29, and tracing over pre-recorded versions of Beethoven\u2019s music in Immortal Beloved. Oldman attended the South East London Boys\u2019 School on Creek Road in Deptford, leaving school at 16. [PAR] [PAR] Early work and foray into American cinema (1978\u20131990) [PAR] After graduating with a BA in Acting from Rose Bruford College in Sidcup, Kent in 1978, Oldman spent almost eight years in theatre,[18] winning a number of awards.[3] During this time he appeared in several films such as Remembrance (1982) and Meantime (1983) and would have starred in Don Boyd\u2019s Gossip (1982) if that film had not collapsed. In 1986 he won the role of the Sex Pistols\u2019 ill-fated bassist Sid Vicious in the 1986"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2011 Formula 1 British Grand Prix Results: Fernando Alonso won 2011 Formula 1 British Grand Prix Results: Fernando Alonso won [PAR] 2011 Formula 1 British Grand Prix Results: Fernando Alonso won [PAR] in Ferrari , Motorsport , Motorsport Results , News [PAR] Ferrari\u2019s Fernando Alonso has won the British Grand Prix ahead of Red Bull team-mates Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber \u2013 landing his 27th career victory. [PAR] The Spaniard, who won at Silverstone in 2006, took advantage of a costly pit-stop from championship leader Sebastian Vettel, who surrendered his commanding early race lead in the 27th lap due to a wheel-nut problem and finished behind Alonso in second. [PAR] Vettel had to fight off team-mate Mark Webber, the 2010 Silverstone winner, before he was instructed to break off the attack, while Lewis Hamilton in a McLaren was fourth in a race to the line ahead of Ferrari\u2019s Felipe Massa. [PAR] Vettel, who had led from the start until a faulty wheelnut slowed him at his second pitstop, extended his overall lead over Webber to 80 points from a previous 77. [PAR] Hamilton provided most of the initial action, making very rapid progress from his disappointing 10th on the grid to attack Felipe Massa\u2019s Ferrari for fourth within a handful of laps. [PAR] Michael Schumacher triggered the move to slicks tyres somewhat accidentally when he slithered into Kamui Kobayashi\u2019s Sauber on lap 10 and had to pit for a new front wing on his Mercedes, taking on dry rubber at the same time. [PAR] Paul di Resta was let down by his pit crew and finished his first British Grand Prix down in fifteenth place and Jenson Button had to retire from the race after one of his tyres was not fitted properly during a pit stop.[DOC] [TLE] Lewis Hamilton wins F1 US Grand Prix to extend his ... Lewis Hamilton wins F1 US Grand Prix to extend his championship lead | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Lewis Hamilton wins F1 US Grand Prix to extend his championship lead [PAR] \u2022 Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg claims second [PAR] \u2022 Hamilton passes Nigel Mansell\u2019s record of 31 wins [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 2 years old [PAR] Lewis Hamilton wore a cowboy hat at the end of the United States Grand Prix when a crown would have been more appropriate, for whatever happens now he has been the outstanding driver of the 2014 Formula One season. [PAR] He would now be on his way to Brazil to seal his second world championship next weekend but for the absurdity of the double-points rule in Abu Dhabi in the final race on 23 November. If Nico Rosberg wins the title now it will be represent an outrageous piece of larceny by his Mercedes team-mate. [PAR] Hamilton\u2019s 10th win of the season, and the 32nd of his career, saw him overtake Nigel Mansell as the most successful British driver of them all. This was also his fifth win in a row, and the last British driver to achieve that was Mansell in 1992. [PAR] He will have to threaten to boycott future races, it seems, if other drivers are to get a look-in. The threat of a boycott from Force India, Sauber and Lotus did not materialise, though there is destined to be more trouble in Brazil and Abu Dhabi unless a coherent strategy is quickly put in place to let the smaller teams know where they stand. [PAR] At the moment, though, all the talk is of Mercedes. At least we now know that a Mercedes driver will win the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 3rd Wedding Anniversary - Leather Gifts 3rd Wedding Anniversary - Leather Gifts [PAR] [PAR] 3rd Wedding Anniversary [PAR] The leather anniversary has many possibilities! Some ideas include red leather roses, leather jewelry, or clothing accessories. Artisan jewelry made from leather provides a wide range of beautiful choices for him or her. [PAR] Leather is also a great opportunity to get something nice for the couple's new home. Another great gift to give the couple might also be a leather-trimmed hamper. [PAR] Alternatively, spread the love by making a donation to an animal charity in the couple's name if you know they would appreciate that gesture. [PAR] If leather does not appeal to you, then feel free to try anything made of glass or crystal which are the alternate modern materials. Ideas include crystal jewelry, art glass for the home, decanters, figurines, and much more. [PAR] Pearl and jade are the alternate modern jewelry materials for the 3rd anniversary."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Timeline: UN Secretary-Generals - Council on Foreign Relations Timeline: UN Secretary-Generals - Council on Foreign Relations [PAR] Council on Foreign Relations [PAR] Trygve Lie, Norway [PAR] Ban Ki-moon, Korea [PAR] (2007 \u2013 Present) Ban Ki-moon 's tenure has featured a new emphasis on climate change policy, efforts to mitigate the surging prices of both energy and food in the developing world, and an inherited portfolio of issues including nuclear nonproliferation negotiations with Iran and continued efforts to solidify the United Nations' role in Sudan's Darfur conflict. Prior to serving as secretary-general, Ban was South Korea's Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade. He joined the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1970, and served in a variety of diplomatic roles inside and outside of Korea during the next twenty-five years, including posts at embassies in the United States, Austria, and India. In 2001, Ban started work at the United Nations as chief of staff to Han Seung-soo, the president of the General Assembly. Ban returned to Korea after his term and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade from 2004 until 2006. He has been actively involved in issues relating to inter-Korean relations. In September of 2005, he helped bring about a landmark agreement aimed at promoting peace and stability between North and South Korea through Six-Party Talks . Since becoming Secretary-General, Ban has spoken out on several issues including the North Korean and Iranian nuclear threats, the humanitarian crisis in the Darfur region, and administrative reform of UN operations. [PAR] Share [PAR] Email [PAR] Kofi Annan, Ghana [PAR] (1997-2006) Kofi Annan began his career as a budget officer with the World Health Organization (WHO) and rose through the ranks to become UN under-secretary-general at a time of record increases in peacekeeping operations. In 1995 he was appointed the secretary-general's special representative to the former Yugoslavia. Since his election in 1997, Annan's goals as secretary-general have included implementing management and budget reforms, addressing ever-growing costs and demands for UN peacekeeping operations, and better meeting the needs of poorer nations. Under his leadership, the United Nations executed contemporary platforms aimed at sustainable development in Africa and the utilization of global capitalism to benefit socioeconomic needs. His \"Millennium Report\" advocates initiatives to eradicate poverty, combat HIV/AIDS, and protect the environment. [PAR] Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt [PAR] (1992-1996) Boutros-Ghali served one term as secretary-general, suspending his candidacy for a second term after conflicts with U.S. foreign-policy leaders. He has an extensive international relations background as a scholar, diplomat, and jurist. Boutros-Ghali's term in office was marked by increased operating costs and ineffective peacekeeping efforts that proved burdensome to the UN. Unsuccessful U.S. participation in Somali peacekeeping operations, inability to curb fighting in Bosnia and Croatia, and subsequent reluctance from the international community to act against genocide in Rwanda, all precipitated U.S. support to transition the leadership position of secretary-general. [PAR] Javier Perez de Cuellar, Peru [PAR] (1982-1991) Before assuming office, Perez de Cuellar was Peru's ambassador to Switzerland, the Soviet Union, Poland, and Venezuela; served as his nation's permanent representative to the United Nations; and represented Peru on the Security Council, even serving as the Council's president. In 1979, he was appointed under-secretary-general for special political affairs. While in office, the UN leader oversaw negotiations for the release of American hostages in Lebanon, facilitated the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, negotiated the ceasefire ending the Iran-Iraq War, and developed the 1991 UN-backed peace pact in Cambodia. [PAR] Kurt Waldheim, Austria [PAR] (1971-1982) Before he was elected secretary-general, Waldheim was the permanent representative of Austria to the United Nations. During his two-term"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lhasa Apso - Made in Tibet Lhasa Apso - Made in Tibet [PAR] C. Marley [PAR] What makes a Lhasa Apso? In a word, Tibet. Many breeds are obviously man made, showing little evidence of natural selection for a particular environment. The Tibetan breeds are more obviously the products of nature. There are four recognized Tibetan breeds. Of these, the Lhasa Apso most clearly displays the \"Made in Tibet\" stamp. [PAR] Tibet is situated on a high plateau (mostly above 12,000 ft. or 4,000 meters), bounded in the south and west by the Himalayas, (29,000 ft. / 8700 meters), and north, by the Kunlun Shan, (25,000 ft. / 7500 meters). Since the latitude of the plateau is from 30 to 35 degrees, the same as northern Florida, the intense solar radiation is sub-tropical while the altitude keeps the temperatures sub-arctic. The climate of the entire plateau is arid and cold varying from a short grassland steppe in Amdo, to a true high desert on the Chang Tang Plateau in the north. The only agriculture takes place in the valleys, watered year round by glacial runoff from the surrounding ranges. For uncounted centuries, the Tibetan people have lived and developed their domestic animals in this inhospitable land; a life ruled by the mountains. [PAR] We know little of the prehistory of Tibet, but it is believed that this vast area, over a million square miles, was inhabited by tribes of nomadic herders and hunters. These people had contact, quite early on, with the other people of the surrounding areas and established trade routes linking China, India, Mongolia and Russia. [PAR] Tibet's history began in the 6th century with the establishment of the kingdom of Yarlung in the south. Srongtsen-Gampo, a powerful chieftain of that time, expanded his territory into parts of Nepal, Kokonor, Turkestan and China. Srongtsen-Gampo married the Tang dynasty Chinese princess, Wen Ch'eng, who, with help of the Nepalese Princess, Bribstun, was instrumental in introducing Bhuddism into Tibet. Bhuddist monasteries began to appear toward the end of the 8th century. [PAR] In 1206, Genghis Khan invaded central Tibet, By surrendering, the Tibetans preserved their right to self-government. Under Genghis' grandson, Kublai-Khan, Tibet lost most of its independence and was ruled from the new Chinese capitol of Beijing. After Kublai Khan, there was a gradual decline in Mongol power over Tibet. In the 16th century, the office of the Dalai Lama was created by Altan Khan, to establish some control over the tribal factions in Tibet, and a period of relative peace settled in. [PAR] In the 18th century, the Chinese again invaded Tibet and occupied Lhasa. Shortly thereafter, the Bhutanese invaded, and still later the British. The first British exploratory mission, in the late 1800's. was to the Trashi Lumpo monastery. Later, in 1904, another British expeditionary force reached Lhasa, to enforce the signing of trade agreements. Lhasa Apsos began appearing in Britain in considerable numbers shortly thereafter. When the Chinese Republic was proclaimed, the Dalai Lama expelled the Chinese garrison, and declared the independence of Tibet. The Chinese never recognized Tibetan independence, and as we all know, reasserted their claim by invading Tibet once again in 1950 and 1959. [PAR] Prior to the 1920's several British observers visiting the area, and living in the southern edge of the Himalayas, in India, brought back accounts of the fascinating dogs of the region. One of these early descriptions, appearing in a British magazine in 1904, formed the basis of our present day standard of the Lhasa Apso breed. In the late 1920's Col. F.M. Baily, a member of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alaska admitted into Union - Jan 03, 1959 - HISTORY.com Alaska admitted into Union - Jan 03, 1959 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Alaska admitted into Union [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On January 3, 1959, President Eisenhower signs a special proclamation admitting the territory of Alaska into the Union as the 49th and largest state. [PAR] The European discovery of Alaska came in 1741, when a Russian expedition led by Danish navigator Vitus Bering sighted the Alaskan mainland. Russian hunters were soon making incursions into Alaska, and the native Aleut population suffered greatly after being exposed to foreign diseases. In 1784, Grigory Shelikhov established the first permanent Russian colony in Alaska on Kodiak Island. In the early 19th century, Russian settlements spread down the west coast of North America, with the southernmost fort located near Bodega Bay in California. [PAR] Russian activity in the New World declined in the 1820s, and the British and Americans were granted trading rights in Alaska after a few minor diplomatic conflicts. In the 1860s, a nearly bankrupt Russia decided to offer Alaska for sale to the United States, which earlier had expressed interest in such a purchase. On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward signed a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million. Despite the bargain price of roughly two cents an acre, the Alaskan purchase was ridiculed in Congress and in the press as \u201cSeward\u2019s folly,\u201d \u201cSeward\u2019s icebox,\u201d and President Andrew Johnson\u2019s \u201cpolar bear garden.\u201d Nevertheless, the Senate ratified purchase of the tremendous landmass, one-fifth the size of the rest of the United States. [PAR] Despite a slow start in settlement by Americans from the continental United States, the discovery of gold in 1898 brought a rapid influx of people to the territory. Alaska, rich in natural resources, has been contributing to American prosperity ever since. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 3D Skeletal System: Atlas, Axis, and the Atlanto-Axial ... 3D Skeletal System: Atlas, Axis, and the Atlanto-Axial Relationship [PAR] 3D Skeletal System: Atlas, Axis, and the Atlanto-Axial Relationship [PAR] Tweet [PAR] There are 33 vertebrae in your vertebral column. Or is it 24? Doesn't matter\u2014both numbers are correct. You're born with 33, but the sacrum and coccyx fuse to the rest of the spine, making it 24 by the time you're an adult. [PAR] Of those 24 (not counting the sacrum and coccyx), two vertebrae are fortunate enough to have names. The atlas (C01) and axis (C02) are two of the most important vertebrae in the spine. Without them, head and neck movement would be impossible.The atlas and axis vertebrae are the two most superior bones in the vertebral column. They are part of the seven cervical vertebrae. The atlas is the top-most bone, sitting just below the skull; it is followed by the axis. Together, they support the skull, facilitate neck movement, and protect the spinal cord. (Think of them as BFFs\u2014you won't find one without the other.) [PAR] [PAR] Unlike the other vertebrae, the atlas does not have a spinous process. Instead, it is ringlike and consists of an anterior and posterior arch, as well as two lateral masses. The transverse processes (the protrusions of bone on either side of the ring) serve as the attachment sites of muscles that assist in rotating the head. The foramina (the holes) give passage to the vertebral artery and vertebral vein. [PAR] The axis is somewhat analogous to the other cervical vertebrae in shape, but it differs slightly for two reasons: its spinous process isn't as obviously bifid, and the presence of the dens. The spinous process serves as the attachment site for many muscles of the spine, particularly those close to the skull, as well as the nuchal ligament. [PAR] [PAR] The dens (above, in green), or odontoid process, is a toothlike projection of bone that rises perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body of the axis. Its purpose is very important, but I'll get to that later. [PAR] Let's talk about joints. [PAR] [PAR] CRANIOVERTEBRAL JOINTS [PAR] There are many types of vertebral joints, but the atlas and axis form the only craniovertebral joints in the body. A craniovertebral joint is exactly what it sounds like: a joint that permits movement between the vertebral column and the skull. [PAR] The ligaments in the spine support and reinforce the joints between the vertebrae. The atlas and axis in particular work with the ligaments to move the neck. The atlas and the occipital bone form the atlanto-occipital joint, which allows neck flexion. When you nod your head as if to say \"yes,\" that is neck flexion. The atlas and axis form the atlanto-axial joint, which allows head rotation. If you shake your head as if to say \"no,\" that is head rotation. [PAR] [PAR] The atlanto-axial joint is a compound synovial joint. A synovial joint is a freely moveable joint, differing from other types of joints due to the presence of synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint. Most of the main joints (hands, feet, and other regions in the appendicular skeleton) are synovial joints. [PAR] It is also a pivot joint. A pivot joint is made by the end of one articulating bone rotating in a ring formed by another bone and its ligaments. Think of a metal washer twisting around a bolt. The dens articulates with the facet on the atlas, as well as the transverse ligament, and this articulation provides the head with approximately 50% of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albondigas \u2013 Spanish Meatballs \u2013 What's Cooking Albondigas \u2013 Spanish Meatballs \u2013 What's Cooking [PAR] by Amanda 2 Comments [PAR] Albondigas [PAR] Spain was one of my many destinations this past year and the trip was an inspiration. These albondigas are one of my all-time favorite dishes. It showcases all of the layers of smoked paprika, cilantro, red onions, bread crumbs, garlic and tomatoes. I use turkey instead of meat for the meatballs yet the spices make poultry taste like smoked meat. I love this dish because it\u2019s healthy, I use very little salt, and it\u2019s baked, but the flavor is powerful. I always serve albondigas as tapas, usually with olives, pulpo, fish, a vegetable and whatever else I\u2019m in the mood for. Although these are more typical tapas, anything you make, served as a small portion, could qualify as tapas. [PAR] The word tapas is derived from the word verb tapar, which means to cover. Legend has it that tapas were originally the slices of bread or meat which sherry drinkers in Andalusian taverns used to cover their glasses between sips to keep the fruit flies away. Often the meat used to cover the drink was cured and salty so the patrons of the tavern would order more alcohol to quench their thirst. [PAR] Another practical theory posits that the fine, bar-hopping citizens of Spain often had to stand due to crowds in the bars and thus placed plates on top of their drinks in order to eat, making it a top and a table. [PAR] Historical folklore that says the idea of tapas originated with decrees from various Spanish kings, Alfonso XI, Alfonso XIII or Felipe III, passing the idea of the tapa into law for various societal reasons for slowing down inebriation of the masses with food, curing illnesses, or just personal preference. [PAR] To this day, it is still the law in Spain that any alcohol must be served with some form of tapas. [PAR] Cured Tapas in Madrid\u2019s Central Market [PAR] Abiding by Spanish law (in Manhattan) I made these albondigas to cover plenty of imbibing for the evening. The spices and heat bring an earthy kick to any party. Buen provecho! [PAR] LA RECETA: [PAR] 1 pound each of ground turkey [PAR] 1 red onion finely chopped [PAR] 3-5 cloves garlicchopped finely [PAR] 1 handful of fresh cilantro plus more for garnish [PAR] 1 tablespoon ground cumin [PAR] Freshly cracked black pepper, to taste [PAR] 1 egg, lightly beaten [PAR] 1/4 cup crumbs from stale bread [PAR] 2 teaspoons pimenton (Spanish smoked paprika) [PAR] 1 cup tomato sauce (either homemade with crushed tomatoes and red/white wine or store bought to save time) [PAR] Directions [PAR] Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. [PAR] [PAR] In a large bowl, mix together the ground turkey, grated onion, chopped garlic, cilantro, cumin, smoked paprika, 1 tablespoon salt, and the black pepper. Add the egg and combine. Add the bread crumbs and combine. Begin to form meatballs to desired size, putting them in an oven-safe dish. I like mine a little smaller, yielding about 20. Cover with tomato sauce then cover dish so it doesn\u2019t dry out while cooking. Bake for about 40 mins then garnish with cilantro. [PAR] [PAR] Two Spanish ladies conversing outside a tapas bar in Segovia -taken on our trip to Spain this past May[DOC] [TLE] Albondigas (Meatballs in Garlic-Tomato Sauce) : Cooking ... Albondigas (Meatballs in Garlic-Tomato Sauce) Recipe : Food Network [PAR] Beef Chili Recipes [PAR] 4.4 26 [PAR] Here's a hint...make them the night before you plan to serve"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characterization of Thomas Gradgrind in Hard Times Characterization of Thomas Gradgrind in Hard Times [PAR] Login [PAR] Characterization of Thomas Gradgrind in Hard Times [PAR] Thomas Gradgrind is a representative character of the utilitarian principle of Victorian political economy. He represents the utilitarianism in its most rigid form in the sphere of education, and later in the book in the sphere of his parliamentary activity. His theory of education is based upon the importance of facts, figures and statistics. [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] Human beings are only arithmetical units in his eyes; he doesn't attach any importance to instincts, feelings, affections, fancy and imagination. He does not only run his school in accordance with his theory, but he carries the utilitarian principle into his domestic and family life, bringing up his children in accordance with his theory and marrying up his daughter accordance with it. A leading businessman of Coketown and governor of the school, Gradgrind becomes a member of parliament during the course of the story. [PAR] He is married and the father of five, including Louisa and Tomas Gradgrind Jr. two of the major characters. Mr. Gradgrind is a strict disciple of the philosophy of Utilitarianism that prizes have fact above all else. Anything not a fact is considered fancy or sentiment. Mr. Gradgrind practices what he preaches to the letter. Not only are his learning techniques taught in the school, he governs, but his children have been raised by its laws. Their learning has been strictly scientific, free from the \u201ccorrupting\u201d influence of poetry, fairy tale, or song. [PAR] The novel charts, Mr. Gradgrind's growing realization, but his theories when applied without the humane influence of the heart, can be destructive. A marriage arranged for profit and convenience between Louisa and Bounderby ends in disaster. Tom, becomes a liar and a thief, forced to escape the law in disguise. A basically decent man, Mr. Gradgrind is not beyond redemption, according to Dickens. Largely through the influence of Sissy Jupe and the trauma of Louisa's failed marriage, Mr. Gradgrind grows in wisdom and experience. He pays for his earlier insensitivity by seeing the harmful results of his philosophy: Tom's life of crime, Bitzer's coldhearted practically and Louisa's emotional breakdown. By the end of the novel he is found to be a better man. In this way Mr. Gradgrind is one of the central characters of the novel. Although Mr. Gradgrind and Bounderby personify the utilitarian principle with its insistence if we compare them on the practical aspect of things and the pursuit of money they are distinguished from each other in a striking manner. [PAR] Reading on Hard Times[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Hard Times: Analysis of Major Characters SparkNotes: Hard Times: Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Themes, Motifs & Symbols [PAR] Thomas Gradgrind [PAR] Thomas Gradgrind is the first character we meet in Hard Times, and one of the central figures through whom Dickens weaves a web of intricately connected plotlines and characters. Dickens introduces us to this character with a description of his most central feature: his mechanized, monotone attitude and appearance. The opening scene in the novel describes Mr. Gradgrind\u2019s speech to a group of young students, and it is appropriate that Gradgrind physically embodies the dry, hard facts that he crams into his students\u2019 heads. The narrator calls attention to Gradgrind\u2019s \u201csquare coat, square legs, square shoulders,\u201d all of which suggest Gradgrind\u2019s unrelenting rigidity. [PAR] In the first few chapters of the novel, Mr. Gradgrind expounds his philosophy of calculating, rational self-interest. He believes that human nature can be"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ images about Random breeds on Pinterest | Horse ... 1000+ images about Random breeds on Pinterest | Coloring, It is and Donkeys [PAR] Gidran, or Hungarian Anglo-Arab. A breed developed in Hungary from bloodstock that included the Arabian horse. All members of the breed are chestnut in color. It is an endangered breed today, with only about 200 living representatives worldwide [PAR] More[DOC] [TLE] Gidran Horse - The Equinest Gidran Horse [PAR] Welcome to the new and improved breeds section, have a look around and meet a breed or two. [PAR] Gidran Horse [PAR] Image from Siheder [PAR] Intro [PAR] The Gidran is a Hungarian Anglo-Arabian breed that comes from a combination of Arabian & Thoroughbred bloodlines. [PAR] Origins [PAR] The flagship of the breed was a chestnut stud named Siglavy Gidran who was imported to Hungary from Arabia in 1814. His son was later brought to the royal stud farm to be used as a breeding stallion. During this time it was fashionable to separate animals based on their color so similar teams could be put together. By 1850, the chestnut animals were primarily Gidran bred animals, however they were not bred to preserve Gidran\u2019s characteristics until some time later. [PAR] In an attempt to improve some of the breed\u2019s faults English Thoroughbred blood was added which resulted in temperamental animals so Arabian and Kisber blood was added. By 1943 the Gidran breed was separated into 3 strains, A, B & C. [PAR] In 1958 the remaining stock was moved from the royal stud and further reduced until 1977 when a new breeding initiative took off. Today there are two types of Gidran, a smaller saddle type and a more robust harness horse. Their numbers are quite low and the primary focus of breeding is preserving the genepool. [PAR] Features [PAR] Average height 15.3 \u2013 17 hands (minimum size 15.2) [PAR] Physique [PAR] Head is small & well set [PAR] Neck is slightly arched & muscular [PAR] Back is tight [PAR] Shoulder is muscular and sloped [PAR] Legs are well muscled with strong joints [PAR] Feet have good shape & hardness [PAR] Traditional Colors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dale Carnegie (Author of How to Win Friends and Influence ... Dale Carnegie (Author of How to Win Friends and Influence People) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Dale Breckenridge Carnegie (originally Carnagey until 1922 and possibly somewhat later) (November 24, 1888 \u2013 November 1, 1955) was an American writer and lecturer and the developer of famous courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking and interpersonal skills. Born in poverty on a farm in Missouri, he was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People, first published in 1936, a massive bestseller that remains popular today. He also wrote a biography of Abraham Lincoln, titled Lincoln the Unknown, as well as several other books. [PAR] Carnegie was an early proponent of what is now called responsibility assumption, although this only appears minutely in his written work. One of the core ideas in his books i Dale Breckenridge Carnegie (originally Carnagey until 1922 and possibly somewhat later) (November 24, 1888 \u2013 November 1, 1955) was an American writer and lecturer and the developer of famous courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking and interpersonal skills. Born in poverty on a farm in Missouri, he was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People, first published in 1936, a massive bestseller that remains popular today. He also wrote a biography of Abraham Lincoln, titled Lincoln the Unknown, as well as several other books. [PAR] Carnegie was an early proponent of what is now called responsibility assumption, although this only appears minutely in his written work. One of the core ideas in his books is that it is possible to change other people's behavior by changing one's reaction to them. [PAR] Born in 1888 in Maryville, Missouri, Carnegie was a poor farmer's boy, the second son of James William Carnagey and wife Amanda Elizabeth Harbison (b. Missouri, February 1858 \u2013 living 1910). In his teens, though still having to get up at 4 a.m. every day to milk his parents' cows, he managed to get educated at the State Teacher's College in Warrensburg. His first job after college was selling correspondence courses to ranchers; then he moved on to selling bacon, soap and lard for Armour & Company. He was successful to the point of making his sales territory of South Omaha, Nebraska the national leader for the firm. [PAR] After saving $500, Carnegie quit sales in 1911 in order to pursue a lifelong dream of becoming a Chautauqua lecturer. He ended up instead attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, but found little success as an actor, though it is written that he played the role of Dr. Hartley in a road show of Polly of the Circus.[citation needed] When the production ended, he returned to New York, unemployed, nearly broke, and living at the YMCA on 125th Street. It was there that he got the idea to teach public speaking, and he persuaded the \"Y\" manager to allow him to instruct a class in return for 80% of the net proceeds. In his first session, he had run out of material; improvising, he suggested that students speak about \"something that made them angry\", and discovered that the technique made speakers unafraid to address a public audience. From this 1912 debut, the Dale Carnegie Course evolved. Carnegie had tapped into the average American's desire to have more self-confidence, and by 1914, he was earning $500 - the equivalent of nearly $10,000 now - every week. [PAR] Perhaps one of Carnegie\u2019s most successful marketing moves was to change the spelling of his last name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genesis 9:11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again ... Genesis 9:11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again will all life be destroyed by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth.\" [PAR] Matthew Henry Commentary [PAR] 9:8-17 As the old world was ruined, to be a monument of justice, so this world remains to this day a monument of mercy. But sin, that drowned the old world, will burn this. Articles of agreement among men are sealed, that what is promised may be the more solemn, and the doing of what is covenanted the more sure to mutual satisfaction. The seal of this covenant was the rainbow, which, it is likely, was seen in the clouds before, but was never a seal of the covenant till now it was made so. The rainbow appears when we have most reason to fear the rain prevailing; God then shows this seal of the promise, that it shall not prevail. The thicker the cloud, the brighter the bow in the cloud. Thus, as threatening afflictions abound, encouraging consolations much more abound. The rainbow is the reflection of the beams of the sun shining upon or through the drops of rain: all the glory of the seals of the covenant are derived from Christ, the Sun of righteousness. And he will shed a glory on the tears of his saints. A bow speaks terror, but this has neither string nor arrow; and a bow alone will do little hurt. It is a bow, but it is directed upward, not toward the earth; for the seals of the covenant were intended to comfort, not to terrify. As God looks upon the bow, that he may remember the covenant, so should we, that we may be mindful of the covenant with faith and thankfulness. Without revelation this gracious assurance could not be known; and without faith it can be of no use to us; and thus it is as to the still greater dangers to which all are exposed, and as to the new covenant with its blessings. [PAR] The Covenant of the Rainbow [PAR] \u202610and with every living creature that is with you, the birds, the cattle, and every beast of the earth with you; of all that comes out of the ark, even every beast of the earth. 11 \"I establish My covenant with you; and all flesh shall never again be cut off by the water of the flood, neither shall there again be a flood to destroy the earth.\" 12God said, \"This is the sign of the covenant which I am making between Me and you and every living creature that is with you, for all successive generations;\u2026"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WPS - Port of Galveston review - World Port Source WPS - Port of Galveston review [PAR] Port of Galveston [PAR] Review and History [PAR] The Port of Galveston lies on the northeastern shores of Galveston Island off the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast of Houston , Texas. It is an important deep-water port on the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the South United States. In 2007, over 57 thousand people called the Port of Galveston home. [PAR] In September 2008, Hurricane Ike did considerable damage to the Port of Galveston. Many parts of the city were flooded with seawater, and some of its most popular landmarks were destroyed. While many businesses and hotels have reopened, full recovery will take some time. [PAR] Tourism accounts for almost one-third of all jobs in the Port of Galveston. The Port of Galveston is also home to one of the State of Texas' biggest teaching hospitals and one of the biggest life insurance companies in the United States. The Port of Galveston, which is also called the Galveston Wharves, handles all types of cargo and has a busy cruise ship terminal that serves cruise lines operating in the Caribbean. It is homeport to two Carnival Cruise Lines vessels and the Royal Caribbean International's Voyager of the Seas. [PAR] Port History [PAR] Juan de Grijalva discovered Galveston Island in 1519. Historians believe that Spanish explorer Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca shipwrecked on Galveston Island in 1528. Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle , visited the island in 1686, but it remained occupied only by the indigenous Karankawa peoples into the 18th Century. [PAR] In 1777, Spanish troops occupied the island for a brief time, naming it Galvez after the governor of Spanish Louisiana. Mexico's governor for Texas sent French privateer Louis-Michel Aury to create a port on Galveston Island in 1816 from which Mexican ships could attack royalists towns on the coast and Spanish ships in the Gulf. [PAR] The island was headquarters to pirate Jean Laffitte from 1817 until 1821. Laffitte created a fortified village, Campeche, with pirate huts, a large slave market, a shipyard, boarding houses, and gaming establishments and saloons. He also built himself a mansion in the settlement. [PAR] By 1825, the Port of Galveston was a small trading post. The city was established by an act of the Congress of Mexico in 1825 when the land was still part of Mexico. The site of the future Port of Galveston was long reported as the best natural harbor in the Texas colony, and it became the oldest port in the Gulf of Mexico to the west of New Orleans. Mexico's Congress designated the Port of Galveston as a port and customs entry point and established a customs house there in 1831. [PAR] In 1835 after the Texas Revolution , the Texas Navy made the Port of Galveston its homeport, and it became a port of entry to the Republic of Texas in 1837. For a brief time, it was the capital for the new republic. Texas became a State in the United States in 1845. [PAR] In 1836, Canadian Michel B. Menard bought a plot of 18.6 square kilometers from the Austin Colony to establish what would become the modern city of Galveston. In 1839, the City of Galveston was incorporated into the Republic of Texas . [PAR] The State of Texas chartered the Galveston Wharf and Cotton Press Company in 1854, consolidating the privately-owned docks and warehouses in the Port of Galveston. At that time, trains unloaded cargoes onto"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Noel Coward's Brief Encounter: Theater Review - Hollywood ... Noel Coward's Brief Encounter: Theater Review | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] Noel Coward's Brief Encounter: Theater Review [PAR] 4:28 PM PST 2/21/2014 by Myron Meisel [PAR] The enduring sentiment of Noel Coward\u2019s paean to the stiff upper lip still triumphs despite this rather spurious production\u2019s determination to neuter its repressed passions. TWITTER [PAR] This English import, a classic romance of decent married lovers resolutely resisting adultery, arrives in Beverly Hills. [PAR] Possibly his most recognized work, Noel Coward\u2019s screenplay for David Lean\u2019s 1945 British film Brief Encounter, with its proper and decent married lovers resolutely resisting adultery, was indubitably the adult romance of its time, with the swells of Rachmaninov\u2019s Second Piano Concerto counterpointing the personal sacrifice of ardor for order and honor. What could be more archaic or ripe for ridicule in an era characterized by hookups on the one hand, and the puritanical concept of an \u201cemotional affair\u201d on the other, making a hash of moral distinctions based on actual behavior? [PAR] This Kneehigh adaptation by director Emma Rice, based both on the screenplay and Coward\u2019s original 40-minute Still Life, one of 10 one-acts comprising Tonight at 8:30, originated in its Cornwall home in 2007 and has since enjoyed enthusiastic acclaim in major houses in London, San Francisco, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Minneapolis and comes to Beverly Hills after an Australian tour en route to Washington, D.C. [PAR] PHOTOS: 35 of 2014's Most Anticipated Movies [PAR] Considering the story ultimately ennobles fidelity, one must certainly note this rendition takes considerable liberties. Less a vision of the original than an occasion to tinker fussily with it, Rice deploys an array of mannered distancing devices, mostly pushed for bald comic effect, nearly all of which were commonplace when Brief Encounter was new and like most avant-garde tactics date rather more relentlessly than the admittedly old-fashioned virtues of Coward\u2019s themes. [PAR] Coward was the sort of master magician who could appear to be effortlessly doing little at all while somehow succeeding at exploring a wide social array of different kinds of romantic love: young, old, middle-aged, bourgeois, privileged or working class. Having been himself a parvenu, Coward understood snobbery but was too cultivated to countenance it. Instead this show seems to revel in pandering, mocking the expression of intense suppressed emotions by encouraging a post-modern and rather shallow irony while shamelessly milking lowbrow laughs at the expense of everyone else but the central lovers, whose stolid fervor is parodied with self-conscious removal from identification. As so often the style, attitude prevails over sincerity, as if genuine depth of feeling must be gingerly approached with a detachment that reassures the audience that it may only partake of ingenuous passion with suspicion and skepticism. [PAR] Certainly Brief Encounter is amenable to criticism as an unalloyed apologia for the hidebound English temperament and its obeisance to a conventional, inevitably hypocritical, morality, but not only is that easier to preach at removed hindsight, but Coward understood all that perfectly well and set himself the most difficult task of finding the admirable and sublime in the necessity to hide and repress one\u2019s deepest longings and urges. Soldiering on despite all was essential in the wartime environment in which the film was made, and it is not without relevance still as an exemplary lesson in finding priorities in the world higher than oneself. Rather than examining these values honestly at face value, this rendition offers us tricks and a smug satisfaction at our superiority to such benighted souls from a simpler time. [PAR] PHOTOS: Todd McCarthy's 10 Best"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] U.S. PRESIDENT\u2019S WIFE USED TO TEACH THE DEAF CHILDREN ... U.S. PRESIDENT\u2019S WIFE USED TO TEACH THE DEAF CHILDREN | Fookem and Bug [PAR] Home > Deaf History > U.S. PRESIDENT\u2019S WIFE USED TO TEACH THE DEAF CHILDREN [PAR] U.S. PRESIDENT\u2019S WIFE USED TO TEACH THE DEAF CHILDREN [PAR] January 3, 2010 [PAR] January 3, 1879 \u2013 July 8, 1957 [PAR] By Bug [PAR] Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge was the wife of U.S President Calvin Coolidge and First Lady of the United States from 1923 to 1929. She knew sign language. She taught at the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts. Also, she was a trustee of that school during World War 1. She was a very popular first lady who did much to aid the deaf. [PAR] Grace was only one child in the family. After her father suffered an accident when she was four year old and Grace was sent to stay with the Yale family for almost one year until her father recovered. Yale\u2019s older daughter June was teaching at the Clarke School for the Deaf. Grace found her interest in the deaf even though she wanted to teach them when she grew up. [PAR] Calvin Coolidge(standing far right of picture below with Gardiner Greene Hubbard in the center) lived on campus of Clarke School for the Deaf where he met his future wife Grace Anna Goodhue (standing far left of picture). [PAR] Many years later Grace grew up to be a young lady, she went to the University of Vermont and graduated in 1902. After that she moved back and stayed with the Yale family while teaching at Clarke School for the Deaf. She taught both the lower and intermediate levels. Grace met Calvin Coolidge in the spring of 1905. While Grace was watering flowers outside the school one day, she happened to look up at the open window of in Adams House (formerly known as Robert N Weir House), a faculty house behind to the school\u2019s main dormitory and caught a glimpse of Calvin Coolidge shaving in front of a mirror with nothing on but long underwear and a hat. She burst out laughing at the sight; he heard the noise and turned to look at her. It was their first meeting. After a more formal introduction sometime later, the two were quickly attracted to each other and got married on October 4, 1905 at her parents\u2019 home in Vermont. They had two sons, John in 1906 and Calvin, Jr, in 1908. [PAR] In 1920 her husband Calvin Coolidge was a Vice President until 1923 President Warren G. Harding died from a heart attack or stroke. Then he Calvin became a U.S. President. Six years later on the afternoon of their departure from the White House on March 4, 1929, Calvin Coolidge announced that they had achieved their goal and raised two million dollars for the Clarke School for the Deaf. [PAR] She was voted one of America\u2019s greatest living women in 1931. She received a gold medal for her distinguished service to the school and her fine influence as First Lady. [PAR] After Grace\u2019s husband died in 1933, for the first time in her life, she was free to set her own agenda. She helped fundraising efforts for the Clarke School, traveled extensively throughout Europe, avidly followed the Boston Red Sox because she loved baseball, and enjoyed visiting with son John and his family. [PAR] She kept her aversion to publicity and her sense of fun until her death on July 8, 1957 at the age of 78. She was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2015 - Bowling Green State University 2015 [PAR] 2015 [PAR] Jul 14, 2016 5:14 PM: Portraits of Perspectives [PAR] BGSU students in the Community Projects in Photography Class taught by School of Art Professor Lynn Whitney partnered with individuals served through Wood Lane, to capture photography of their lives from work and relaxation to sports and music. The photos are on display at Toledo Museum of Art's Community Gallery through July 24. [PAR] Dec 26, 2015 12:00 AM: The GM/Wayne State University Supply Chain Case Competition [PAR] The General Motors / Wayne State University Supply Chain Case Competition was held on Oct 8 - 11, 2015 at the Marriott Hotel in Detroit's Renaissance Center. BGSU had a team of four attend the GM/Wayne State Supply Chain Case Competition. Nineteen universities from all over the US as well as three international universities (China, Mexico, and Poland) participated in the competition. [PAR] Dec 22, 2015 10:26 AM: Focus on today [PAR] BGSU alumnus Emanuele Conti offered some words of wisdom to BGSU\u2019s most recent graduates during commencement ceremonies Dec. 18. Conti, who received a bachelor\u2019s degree in finance in 1989, is now an operating partner for Providence, a premiere global asset management firm with over $40 billion in assets under management across complementary private equity and credit businesses. [PAR] Dec 21, 2015 8:48 AM: Class of 2015 Success Stories: The teacher-student connection [PAR] As an educator, Carol Puder flipped the proverbial script in 2014 when she decided to enhance her education by enrolling in BGSU\u2019s master\u2019s degree program in education for classroom technology. The teacher became the student and Puder found herself studying right alongside her respiratory care students. [PAR] Dec 21, 2015 8:40 AM: Class of 2015 Success Stories: Long distance diploma [PAR] On his first day at BGSU, Derrick Loy got an extensive tour of campus usually reserved for prospective students, followed by a reminder to not be late for his graduation. That\u2019s right, Loy received his degree on Dec. 18, the same day he stepped foot on the Bowling Green State University campus for the first time. [PAR] Dec 21, 2015 8:33 AM: A gas-powered sled [PAR] Mike Hartman \u201978 scored 114 goals and handed out 83 assists during his hockey career at Bowling Green State University. These days, Hartman scores in a different way. Every holiday season, the former Falcon standout dresses up as Santa Claus and hands out candy canes to children and other passersby as he cruises around Farmington Hills, Mich., and other Detroit area towns on his Rudolph-red Harley-Davidson. [PAR] Dec 18, 2015 2:54 PM: Combatting the masquerade parties of clandestine drugs [PAR] Dr. Jon Sprague and undergraduate neuroscience student Greg Grecco are part of a crusade to protect the public from the harmful effects of synthetic drugs produced in clandestine labs. Their work is not on the street fighting drug crime, but in the laboratory working to understand how the chemical changes made to drugs in clandestine labs change how they affect the body. [PAR] Dec 16, 2015 3:51 PM: BGSU receives grant for teacher training, College Credit Plus instruction [PAR] Bowling Green State University, in partnership with Owens Community College, has been awarded a grant that will enable over 80 high school teachers to get their master\u2019s degrees and teach college courses at their high schools as part of the College Credit Plus program. The courses will be offered starting in January 2016. [PAR] Dec 16, 2015 3:30 PM: Clark helps open door to the worlds of puppetry [PAR] There were several things that took Bradford Clark by surprise upon his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord Peter Wimsey - The Unpleasantness at Bellona Club ... Lord Peter Wimsey - The Unpleasantness at Bellona Club - YouTube [PAR] 3,614 views [PAR] Last updated on Sep 3, 2013 [PAR] Lord Peter Death[1] Bredon Wimsey is a fictional character in a series of detective novels and short stories by Dorothy L. Sayers, in which he solves mysteries; usually, but not always, murders. A bon vivant who solves mysteries for his own amusement, Wimsey is an archetype for the British gentleman detective. [PAR] Born in 1890 and ageing in real time, Wimsey is described as being of average height, with straw-coloured hair, a beaked nose, and a vaguely foolish face. Reputedly his looks were patterned after those of academic Roy Ridley.[2] He also possessed considerable intelligence and athletic ability, evidenced by his playing cricket for Oxford University while earning a First. He created a spectacularly successful publicity campaign for Whifflet cigarettes while working for Pym's Publicity Ltd, and at age 40 was able to turn three cartwheels in the office corridor, stopping just short of the boss's open office door (Murder Must Advertise). [PAR] Among Lord Peter's hobbies, apart from criminology, is collecting incunabula. He is an expert on matters of food (especially wine) and male fashion, and on classical music. He excels at the piano, including Bach's works for keyboard instruments. One of Lord Peter's cars is a 12-cylinder (\"double-six\") 1927 Daimler four-seater, which (like all his cars) he calls \"Mrs. Merdle\" after a character in Little Dorrit (by Charles Dickens) who \"hated fuss\".[DOC] [TLE] Character profile for Lord Peter Death Bredon Wimsey from ... Character profile for Lord Peter Death Bredon Wimsey from Whose Body? (Lord Peter Wimsey Mysteries, #1) (page 1) [PAR] [close] Lord Peter [PAR] Lord Peter is a fictional character in a series of detective novels and short stories by Dorothy L. Sayers (and their continuation by Jill Paton Walsh) in which he solves mysteries\u2014usually murders. A dilettante who solves mysteries for his own amusement, Wimsey is an archetype for the British gentleman detective. Lord Peter is often assisted by his valet and former army colleague Mervyn Bunter, his good friend and later brother-in-law Inspector/Chief Inspector Charles \"Parker Bird\" Parker, and later by his future wife Harriet Vane. [PAR] Born in 1890 and aging in real time, Wimsey is described as being of average height, with straw-coloured hair, a beaked nose, and a vaguely foolish face. Reputedly his looks were patterned after those of academic Roy Ridley. He also possessed considerable intelligence and athletic ability, evidenced by his playing cricket for Oxford University while earning a First. He created a spectacularly successful publicity campaign for Whifflet cigarettes while working \u2026more [PAR] [close] Lord Peter is a fictional character in a series of detective novels and short stories by Dorothy L. Sayers (and their continuation by Jill Paton Walsh) in which he solves mysteries\u2014usually murders. A dilettante who solves mysteries for his own amusement, Wimsey is an archetype for the British gentleman detective. Lord Peter is often assisted by his valet and former army colleague Mervyn Bunter, his good friend and later brother-in-law Inspector/Chief Inspector Charles \"Parker Bird\" Parker, and later by his future wife Harriet Vane. [PAR] Born in 1890 and aging in real time, Wimsey is described as being of average height, with straw-coloured hair, a beaked nose, and a vaguely foolish face. Reputedly his looks were patterned after those of academic Roy Ridley. He also possessed considerable intelligence and athletic ability, evidenced by his playing cricket for Oxford University while earning a First. He created a spectacularly successful publicity campaign"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of The Championships, Wimbledon - Keith Prowse The History Of The Championships, Wimbledon, Wimbledon History [PAR] [PAR] How did it all begin? [PAR] The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club was founded in 1868 and is responsible for the world's leading tennis tournament. Lawn tennis, originally known as \u2018Sphairistike, was invented by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield and was introduced at the Club in 1875. Two years later, the Club was renamed \u201cThe All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club\u201d and the first ever Lawn Tennis Championship took place. A new code of laws was drawn up and most of these laws still stand today. [PAR] During this first Championship, only one event took place; the Men\u2019s Singles, which was won by Spencer Gore. Around 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final. [PAR] Just five years later, in 1882, the Club\u2019s main activity became lawn tennis and so in 1884, the All England Club (by this point the word \u201ccroquet\u201d had been dropped from their name) decided to add two further events; the Ladies' Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles (Ladies' Doubles and Mixed Doubles were added in 1913). [PAR] By the early 1900s the Club had outgrown its home in [PAR] Worple Road [PAR] , [PAR] Wimbledon [PAR] , where it had been since its formation. A lot had changed since the first ever Lawn Tennis Championship in 1877 (in which the final attracted 200 spectators) and the old grounds were no longer able to cope with the huge crowds who flocked to the event each year. [PAR] And so, in 1920, the decision to move was taken. A site was chosen just a mile or so from the [PAR] Worple Road [PAR] site \u2013 and the major undertaking of designing and constructing the new [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] began. Well known architect Captain Stanley Peach was commissioned to design the new [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] . To convince the Club\u2019s Committee, he built a huge scale model of [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] . His original blueprints for the [PAR] Centre Court [PAR] still exist (discovered recently in a basement storage area of the offices of Stanley Peach & Co). [PAR] A driving force throughout the project was Commander George Hillyard, secretary of the Club since 1907 and once a men\u2019s doubles finalist. Hillyard collaborated with Peach on the ambitious design and his mission for the Club was clear: [PAR] \u2018\u2018Let us look to it that we construct and equip our ground that it will immediately be recognised as the finest, not only in [PAR] England [PAR] Wimbledon [PAR] is acknowledged to be the World\u2019s premier tennis tournament and a Long Term Plan was unveiled in 1993 by the All England Lawn Tennis Club, which will improve the quality of the event for spectators, players, officials and neighbours in years to come. [PAR] The first stage of the Plan was completed in time for the 1997 Championships and involved building the new No. 1 Court, a Broadcast Centre, two extra grass courts, and a tunnel under the hill to link [PAR] Church Road [PAR] Somerset Road [PAR] . [PAR] The second stage involved the removal of the old No. 1 Court complex in order to make way for the new Millennium Building to provide extensive facilities for the players, press, officials and Members, and also the extension of the West Stand of Centre Court, creating a further 728 seats. [PAR] The third stage is currently under way with the recent redevelopment of the turnstile area, the construction of the new [PAR] Museum [PAR] Building"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bulgaria car registration | Lawyers Bulgaria,Solicitors ... Bulgaria car registration | Lawyers Bulgaria,Solicitors Bulgaria [PAR] [PAR] Bulgaria car registration [PAR] Register your car in Bulgaria change the number plates with a local one and pay less taxes. [PAR] New Bulgarian Company Formation [PAR] Bulgaria car registration [PAR] Have ever thought what could be the benefit of registering a car or motor vehicle in Bulgaria Benefits are grate. [PAR] Have a read the article below and you will understand: [PAR] In Bulgaria there is no road taxes ,you just pay municipality tax on car address of registration. That depends of power of the car engine and will vary between 50 leva to150 leva per year. [PAR] MOT- Technical assessment per year is way cheaper then in other EU countries and Greece .That will cost you about 35 leva per year and you can do that in any licensed garage in Bulgaria [PAR] To drive the car on public roads the government charge a stickers which could be for one year ,six months ,one month ,one week. Price for a cars of sticker for one year is about 67 leva Those stickers are obligatory just if you drive the car in Bulgaria if you drive else where it is not. But it is recommended to have one. [PAR] Third party car insurances in Bulgaria are as well way cheaper then in other EU countries and Greece. Normaly car insurance is between 120 leva to 240 leva per year and depends of the engine power of the car. Bulgarian car insurance are fully valid all over the Europe and outside of Europe. They cover all damages and liabilities caused to a tird party . Important that you have to know is that the insurance in Bulgaria is made on the car ,not on the person name .That means any person who drives the car is covered for the damages caused to the third party due to road accident [PAR] Owners of vehicles in the municipality to declare permanent address, office held by their vehicles within two months of their acquisition. For cars City Council determines the amount of tax according to engine power, adjusted by a factor depending on the year of manufacture as follows: [PAR] 1. to 37 kw, including 0.34 to 1.02 Lv. per 1 kw; [PAR] 2. over 37 kw to 55 kw, including from 0.40 to 1.20 Lv per 1 kw; [PAR] 3. 55 kw to 74 kw, including from 0.54 to 1.62 Lv per 1 kw; [PAR] 4. 74 kw to 110 kw, including from 1.10 to 3.30 Lv euro per 1 kw; [PAR] 5. over 110 kw from 1.23 to 3.69 Lv per 1 kw. [PAR] Number of years from year of production, including the year of production [PAR] rate [PAR] Up to 5 years, including 2.8 [PAR] 2.8 [PAR] So if you buy and register a car in Bulgaria you can save a lot of money and drive it absolutely legally in any European country including Greece .No one could ask you why the car got Bulgarian registration plates .The reason is Bulgaria is a full member of EU there are international treaties regarding the car transport and insurances. [PAR] To enjoy those benefits you will need to have a permanent residency in Bulgaria or if you don\u2019t reside in Bulgaria you can establish a bulgarian company which will possess the car Any company registered in Bulgaria is considered a Bulgarian local person.As I explained above Bulgarian insurance apply to the car and respectively any person who drives is covered including owner of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World\u2019s Most Useless Facts \u00ab CBS Chicago World\u2019s Most Useless Facts \u00ab CBS Chicago [PAR] Sponsored By [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsShow Some Organ?Skin is the largest organ of the human body. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsMy Lovely Wife, FernHindu men once believed it to be unluckily to marry a third time. They could avoid misfortune by marrying a tree first. The tree (his third wife) was then burnt, freeing him to marry again. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsFerretA female ferret can die if she goes into heat and cannot find a mate. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsSweet!An apple, potato, and onion all taste the same if you eat them with your nose plugged. They all taste sweet. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsA Hare's TaleAccording to legend, if a hare crosses a person\u2019s path as he starts out on a journey, the trip will be unlucky and it\u2019s best to return home and start again. If a pregnant woman sees a hare, her child may be born with a hare-lip. If a hare runs down the main street of a town, it foretells a fire. Cornish legend says that girls who die of grief after being rejected by a lover turn into white hares and haunt their former beaus. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsCasketCasket. (Getty Images.) [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsCaterpillarCaterpillar means \u201chairy cat\u201d in Old French. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsDirty WorkAn office desk has 400 times more bacteria than a toilet. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsOh No Hippo!The first soup ever made was made from hippo meat. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsThe Work Of ArtThe artist Michelangelo\u2019s full name in Italian is Michaelangelo di Lodovico di Lionardo di Buonarroto Simoni. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsDouble BubbleAlthough your system cannot digest gum like other foods, it won\u2019t be stuck inside of you forever. It comes out with other waste your body can\u2019t use. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsEarthwormAn earthworm has five hearts. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsTo the Tune Of\u2026The music for \u201cThe Star Spangled Banner\u201d comes from a British drinking song named \u201cAnacreon.\u201d [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsFlowerEating dandelions can make you urinate more. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsGoatsMale goats will urinate on each other in order to attract mates. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsKeep Family CLose?Cleopatra married two of her brothers. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsShe's A DollBarbie's full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless Factsbrain [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsFamily ManFrosted Flakes mascot \u201cTony the Tiger\u201d has a wife, son (Tony Jr.) and daughter (Antoinette) that were used in early advertising commercials. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsLike PinocchioBetween the ages of 30 and 70, you nose may lengthen and widen by as much as half an inch. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsEveryday RapunzelDuring his or her lifetime, the average human will grow 590 miles of hair. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsI\u2019ve Been Missing Out on Cake!Santa Claus has a brother named Bells Nichols according to French Tradition. He visits homes on New Year\u2019s Eve after everyone is asleep, and if a plate is set out for him, he fills it with cookies and cakes. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsCovert OperationFormer U.S. president Jimmy Carter had an operation for hemorrhoids while he was in office. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsSweet KissesA passionate kiss uses up 6.4 calories per minute. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsBad LuckAbraham Lincoln\u2019s mother died when she drank the milk of a cow that grazed on poisonous snakeroot. [PAR] World\u2019s Most Useless FactsA Lock on ItIf you lock your knees while standing long enough, you will pass out. (We"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Crocodile Hunter' Steve Irwin stabbed hundreds of times ... 'Crocodile Hunter' Steve Irwin stabbed hundreds of times by stingray, cameraman reveals - Telegraph [PAR] 'Crocodile Hunter' Steve Irwin stabbed hundreds of times by stingray, cameraman reveals [PAR] Colleague says Australian 'Crocodile Hunter' Steve Irwin's final words were 'I'm dying' after being attacked [PAR] Australian 'Crocodile Hunter' Steve Irwin Photo: Getty Images [PAR] By AFP [PAR] 12:30PM GMT 10 Mar 2014 [PAR] The cameraman who witnessed the death of the Australian \"Crocodile Hunter\" Steve Irwin on Monday revealed that a stingray stabbed at him \"hundreds of times\" and his final words were \"I'm dying\". [PAR] The television personality and conservationist, who became world-famous for his daring stunts with dangerous animals, died aged 44 in 2006 while filming a documentary on the Great Barrier Reef in far north Queensland. [PAR] Justin Lyons was the cameraman at the time and shot video of the death, which was later handed to Irwin's widow Terri and has never been aired. [PAR] In his first public comments, Mr Lyons told Australia's Channel Ten he and Irwin had left their main boat in an inflatable to find something to film when they came across a \"massive\" eight-foot wide stingray in chest-high water. [PAR] The final shot was to be the stingray swimming away from Irwin. Instead, it struck out, apparently believing Irwin's shadow was a tiger shark, one of its predators. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Steve Irwin's son feeds first crocodile [PAR] 03 Oct 2012 [PAR] \"I had the camera on, I thought this is going to be a great shot, and all of sudden it propped on its front and started stabbing wildly, hundreds of strikes in a few seconds,\" Mr Lyons said. [PAR] A stingray leaps out of the water as it is hunted by a killer whale (AP) [PAR] \"I panned with the camera as the stingray swam away and I didn't know it had caused any damage. It was only when I panned the camera back that I saw Steve standing in a huge pool of blood that I realised something had gone wrong.\" [PAR] He said reports that a barb had stuck in Irwin's chest and he pulled it out were wrong. [PAR] \"It's a jagged barb and it went through his chest like a hot knife through butter,\" he said. [PAR] \"He had a two-inch-wide injury over his heart with blood and fluid coming out of it and we had to get him back to the boat as fast as we can,\" Mr Lyons added. [PAR] \"I was saying to him things like 'think of your kids Steve, hang on, hang on, hang on', and he calmly looked up at me and said 'I'm dying' and that was the last thing he said.\" [PAR] Stingrays have several sharp and venomous barbs on their tails that they use to defend themselves when they feel threatened, though experts at the time stressed that stingrays were not usually vicious and rarely attacked and killed humans. [PAR] Known for his \"Crikey!\" catchphrase, Irwin has had a wildlife reserve, a road, a turtle, a snail and an anti-whaling ship named after him since his death.[DOC] [TLE] The Crocodile Hunter (TV Series 1996\u2013 ) - IMDb The Crocodile Hunter (TV Series 1996\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Steve and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LXXXVII Roman Numeral - You Go Numbers LXXXVII Roman Numeral [PAR] Search [PAR] LXXXVII Roman Numeral [PAR] LXXXVII is roman numeral 87. Hexadecimal, fibonacci sequence, prime numbers, square root, roman numeral converting for LXXXVII roots and more. [PAR] Read and Write Roman Numeral LXXXVII [PAR] Roman numeral symbols are written and read from left to right, from highest to lowest values. If LXXXVII is text, it is the number 87. [PAR] Miscellaneous & Conversions For 87 [PAR] RGB Colour (# 057 or #000057) [PAR] [PAR] Cube Root (Root 3): 3\u221a87 [PAR] 4.43104762169 [PAR] Tesseract Root (Root 4): 4\u221a87 [PAR] 3.05407580998 [PAR] Quintal / nth Root. (Root 5) 5\u221a87 [PAR] 2.44288965574 [PAR] 29 or 29/87 [PAR] Roman Numeral Chart. Read & Write 87 [PAR] Reading and writing roman numerals isn't common knowledge. However, this roman numeral chart should help you read and write numbers in roman numerals from 1 to 1,000,000. Using an overline symbol is times 1,000. ( Example: X means to add 3 zeros to your number. So X which is 5, but written as X with the overline is 5,000. [PAR] When a symbol appears after a larger symbol it is added: Example: VI = V + I = 5 + 1 = 6 [PAR] When a symbol appears before a larger symbol it is subtracted: Example: IX = X - I = 10 - 1 = 9 [PAR] Do not use the same symbol more than 3 times. But, IIII is sometimes used for 4 [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Hiccups - MedicineNet Definition of Hiccups [PAR] Our Hiccups Main Article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of Hiccups [PAR] Definition of Hiccups [PAR] Digestive Distress Slideshow: Problem Foods to Avoid [PAR] Hiccups: A hiccup is an extraordinary type of respiratory movement involving a sudden inspiration (intake of air) due to an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm accompanied by closure of the glottis (the vocal apparatus of the larynx). [PAR] The abrupt inspiration is the result of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm. Closure of the glottis then halts the incoming air. The column of air strikes the closed glottis to produce the characteristic sound: a hiccup. [PAR] Hiccups are often rhythmic. They are usually just a minor nuisance, but prolonged hiccups can become a major medical problem. [PAR] The word \"hiccup\" was in use by 1530. It is an instance of onomatopoeia, the imitation of natural sounds by words. Alternative forms of \"hiccups\" include \"hiccough\" and \"hickup.\" [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Clayton (Character) - IMDb John Clayton (Character) [PAR] John Clayton (Character) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Biography: [PAR] John Clayton is the birthname of Edgar Rice Burrough's jungle hero Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle. See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] John Clayton : Your rules don't work. [PAR] Detective Jane Porter : I'm not asking you to trust my rules, I'm not asking you to trust my laws, I'm asking you to trust me. [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Update [PAR] You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process. [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] Tarzan (character) - Disney Fan Fiction Wiki - Wikia Tarzan (character) | Disney Fan Fiction Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Tarzan is the main protagonist of Disney's 1999 animated feature of the same name , its 2002 sequel , and 2005 midquel . He is the fifth Disney Adventurer. He was voiced by Tony Goldwyn as an adult and by Alex D. Linz as a child. In the 2001 television series the Legend of Tarzan , he was voiced by Michael T. Weiss and Harrison Chad in the midquel. Goldwyn also provided the voice for the first Kingdom Hearts game. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Personality [PAR] Tarzan is an extremely brave, loyal and honorable character. He cares deeply about his family and friends and was willing to risk his life to save them. He has also been known to be willing to rescue his enemies; an example of this was when Clayton was about to fall to his death and Tarzan exclaimed \"Clayton! Clayton, don't!\" and reached out to save him, even though Clayton had fatally wounded Kerchak and attempted to kidnap his whole gorilla family. [PAR] In his youth, Tarzan was playful and fun loving, but also felt like an outcast due to the fact that he was human. Until Jane Porter, her father and Clayton arrived he had never seen another human before and was therefore unaware of what species he was. And as an adult, he had matured into a more serious character but still displayed a playful and friendly side when around his family and friends. Tarzan was also very curious and when he heard a gunshot he went to investigate while the rest of his family moved deeper into the jungle. It was because of his curious nature that he met Jane, Professor Porter and Clayton. [PAR] Having lived in the jungle his whole life, Tarzan developed exceptional abilities that would be impossible for other humans. He was able to swing through the trees, hold things with his feet and had a good sense of hearing and smell. He frequently moved like a gorilla, walking on his knuckles but would walk upright at times too. He was an incredible fighter being able to hold his own against some of the jungles deadliest predator. One of Tarzan's most notable accomplishments was when he managed to kill Sabor a ferocious and powerful leopard who had killed his parents many years earlier. Tarzan often fought with a spear but would also commonly use his bare hands to defeat his opponents. He is also incredibly strong being able to pin down Kerchak and lift at least two fully grown humans at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong First Ghanaian in Winter ... - Zimbio Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong First Ghanaian in Winter Olympics - Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong - Zimbio [PAR] Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong First Ghanaian in Winter Olympics [PAR] By Jake on [PAR] . . . [PAR] They call him the Snow Leopard, but Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong has an even better title he's happy to hold: the first Ghanaian to head to the Winter Olympics. The downhill skier will be carrying the flag of Ghana during the 2010 Winter Olympics , the first from his snowless country to do so. [PAR] The Snow Leopard, Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong, will be the first Ghanaian to compete in the WInter Olympics. (montrealgazette.com) [PAR] The Ghanaian learned to ski while studying in the United Kingdom. Born in Glasgow, Nkrumah-Acheampong grew up in the capital of Ghana, Accra. But during his four years studying, he learned to ski on artificial slopes, before moving to the thrill of real snow. [PAR] Now, thanks to work with his coach Dave Jacobs, Nkrumah-Acheampong has accumlated the points with the World Ski Federation needed to qualify for the Olympic Games. Thanks to sterling performance on the slopes in Italy this winter, Nkrumah-Acheampong now has a guaranteed slot at Vancouver this year. [PAR] So what are his goals? \u201cI want to beat some countries,\" says Nkrumah-Acheampong in an interview with the Montreal Gazette . \"I want three or four countries to finish behind me. I want somebody else to be last. At my first world championships, I was last. At the next world championships, two people finished behind me. I was so proud because they came from countries with snow.\u201d[DOC] [TLE] First Ghanaian to compete at the Winter Olympics? First Ghanaian to compete at the Winter Olympics? [PAR] Sports News | 13 January 2006 00:00 CET [PAR] First Ghanaian to compete at the Winter Olympics? [PAR] By AP [PAR] Previous | Next [PAR] ... 'Snow Leopard' sets sights on Turin The Winter Olympics have produced some unlikely competitors over the years. There was hapless British ski jumper Eddie \"The Eagle\" Edwards; the Jamaican bobsledders who inspired the movie \"Cool Runnings\"; and Kenyan and Cameroonian cross-country skiers. [PAR] Get ready for the possibility of another novelty act in Turin next month - a 31-year-old African skier known as the \"Snow Leopard.\" Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong is hoping to become the first Ghanaian to compete at the Winter Olympics. [PAR] \"The other racers give me a lot of support because I'm the only African dude there,\" he said. \"Most of them are curious about what I'm trying to do, so even if I'm the last one to finish, they always congratulate me on putting two good runs together.\" [PAR] Nkrumah-Acheampong discovered snow for the first time while working as a receptionist at an indoor snow slope in England. Now he's hoping to race in the Olympic giant slalom against the likes of Bode Miller and Hermann Maier. [PAR] \"My goal is to qualify, then ski well and to prove to people who thought it was an impossibility it is possible,\" he said. [PAR] Nkrumah-Acheampong was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and moved to Ghana as a child. He returned to Britain and took a job at the Xscape Snozone indoor ski center at Milton Keynes, 80 kilometres north of London, giving him free access to a 15-metre slope. [PAR] He took to the sport immediately, passed his indoor instructor's course, won a few races and asked the local coaches how he should continue his development. They joked he should enter the Olympics. [PAR] \"I haven't skied for that long,\" Nkrumah-Acheampong said. \"I'm still learning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name of the small cap the Jewish men wear ... SIGNAL [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] What is the name of the small cap the Jewish men wear? Does it have any specific meaning? [PAR] The name of the small cap male Jews wear is called a Kipa (dome or covering) or Yarmulke. This head covering was meant to signify recognition that God is present above oneself. It was traditionally worn only during prayer or during religious rituals. Eventually, Jews started wearing the kipa all day long, both as a sign of piety and to distinguish themselves from non-Jews. [PAR] Today, the kipa is worn all day long by fully observant Jews, although many Jews wear one during prayer or at funerals even though they don\u2019t wear one all day. Different types of religious Jews wear different types of kipas to publicly demonstrate their unique religious outlook.[DOC] [TLE] yarmulke - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com yarmulke - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Random Word [PAR] yarmulke [PAR] A yarmulke is a small, brimless cap worn by Jewish people. Men and boys usually wear them, but some women and girls wear them, too. Yarmulke is a Yiddish word that sounds kind of like \u201cyah-ma-kah.\u201d [PAR] Have you ever seen someone wearing a skullcap that sits toward the back of the head? That's a yarmulke. A yarmulke is worn by Orthodox Jews all the time and other Jews on religious occasions. During a Jewish prayer service, many people will be wearing yarmulkes. The yarmulke signifies great respect for the Jewish faith. If you see someone wearing a yarmulke on the street, you know they're devoted to the Jewish religion. The Hebrew name for yarmulke is kippah."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our Work: News - International Atomic Energy Agency News [PAR] News [PAR] Young Professionals in Nuclear Field Connect with the IAEA at International Congress in China [PAR] 2016-08-11 [PAR] The IAEA took an active part in the International Youth Nuclear Congress (IYNC) in July this year, which focused on the theme ?Nuclear Powering our Life?. Over 400 young professionals from around the world attended the Congress, where they learned about the peaceful applications of nuclear technology, nuclear security, public and emergency communications, as well as the IAEA?s junior professional and internship programmes More \u00bb [PAR] National Seminar on the peaceful applications of nuclear techniques takes place in Kuwait [PAR] 2016-06-21 [PAR] A National Seminar on the Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Techniques, organized by the IAEA in cooperation with the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), has taken place from 30 to 31 May under the patronage of Dr. Samira A. S. Omar, KISR?s Director General. More \u00bb [PAR] The Kingdom of Bahrain continues its efforts to enhance the quality of its nuclear medicine services [PAR] 2016-06-20 [PAR] A national workshop on ?Improving Nuclear Medicine Practices in Bahrain? was successfully organized by the IAEA from 22-26 May in Bahrain, attended by about 40 participants from various stakeholder institutions in the Kingdom of Bahrain. More \u00bb [PAR] Meeting Partners, Meeting Expectations: The RCA Regional Cooperative Agreement Holds its 38th Regional Meeting [PAR] 2016-06-06 [PAR] From 17-20 May, 45 representatives from 20 state parties to the RCA were joined by IAEA experts in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, where they met to review, discuss and agree on strategies to increase cooperation around the peaceful use of nuclear science and technology. More \u00bb [PAR] The ARASIA Approach for an Effective and Sustainable Cooperation [PAR] 2016-04-28 [PAR] A four-day meeting, attended by ARASIA National Representatives, provided a platform for deliberations on strategic and policy issues pertaining to the management of ARASIA and its future programme to ensure that cooperation has a real and sustainable impact. More \u00bb [PAR] Regional Workshop on Drafting Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material [PAR] 2016-04-22 [PAR] 30 participants from 17 countries across the region of Asia and the Pacific gathered in Vienna from 18-22 April 2016 for a practical workshop to fully draft national implementing regulations for transport of radioactive materials in accordance with the IAEA safety standards. More \u00bb [PAR] Quality in quantity: 80 participants receive training in designing TC Projects [PAR] 2016-03-30 [PAR] 50 participants and an additional 30 observers have recently attended a sub-regional workshop in Bangkok, Thailand, from 23 to 26 February, to learn more about the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) and its application in the development and implementation of IAEA TC projects. More \u00bb [PAR] The RCA holds Programme Advisory Committee (PAC) meeting [PAR] 2016-03-09 [PAR] Members of the RCA Programme Advisory Committee (PAC) have met for the fourth time in Austria, Vienna from 15-19 February 2016, with the endorsement of the RCA National Representatives at the 44th RCA General Conference Meeting. More \u00bb [PAR] Making coordinated progress: National Liaison Officers (NLOs) and National Representatives (NRs) gather in Vienna to enhance the delivery of the TC programme in Asia & the Pacific [PAR] 2016-03-07 [PAR] Fifty-four National Liaison Officers and National Representatives from 36 Member States and territories in the Asia and the Pacific region met recently at the IAEA?s Vienna Headquarters, from 22?25 February 2016 More \u00bb [PAR] Infant and young child nutrition on the agenda of the IAEA [PAR] 2016-03-04 [PAR] The IAEA is supporting its Member States in the Asia and the Pacific region to ensure the healthy growth of young"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fidelio - Beethoven - Music With Ease Fidelio - Beethoven [PAR] Fidelio [PAR] An Opera by Ludwig van Beethoven [PAR] This was the only opera written by Beethoven, whose genius was symphonic rather than dramatic. He had long been anxious to try his powers on an opera, and had even accepted engagements from managers, but these had all fallen through. He would not have a silly, commonplace libretto: he must have something of a noble kind. At last, having received a commission from the manager of the Theater An-der-Wien, he fixed upon a story of brave and unconquerable womanly devotion, and set to work on it with his whole heart and soul. He laboured at it incessantly, and identified himself so completely with its process that he seemed as much at home in it as he had ever been in sonata or symphony. [PAR] The subject of the opera was derived from Bouilly\u0092s \"Leonore; or, Conjugal Love.\" It had already been used for a French opera comique, as well as for an opera, to Italian works, by Paer, a composer who accompanied Napoleon to Warsaw and Posen, and in 1807 was formally installed as his maitre de chapelle. Indeed, it was a performance of Paer\u0092s work which suggested \"Fidelio\" to Beethoven, who had a German translation prepared. [PAR] The leading incident in the plot -- the rescue of an unjustly detained prisoner through the devotion of a friend whose life is risked but not lost -- corresponds with that of three operas by Cherubini, whom Beethoven called \"the greatest of all living writers for the stage.\" It is a simple plot, but lofty in design and exhibiting a purity of motive not usually found in opera texts. [PAR] Florestan (G\u00fcnther Treptow) and Leonore (Karina Kutz) in Beethoven's opera, Fidelio. (Production of September 1945 at the Deutsche Oper, Berlin.) [PAR] Pizarro, the governor of a State prison in Spain, entertaining a bitter enmity against the Don Florestan, a nobleman, seizes and confines him in a loathsome dungeon with the intention of starving him to death. Florestan\u0092s faithful wife, Leonora, disguises herself in male attire, and under the name of Fidelio obtains admission to the prison as servant to Rocco, the head warder. Pizarro, having been informed of the approaching visit of the Minister Ferdinand, on a tour of inspection, tries to persuade Rocco to kill Florestan. Rocco, while refusing, agrees to dig his grave if Pizarro will himself commit the murder. [PAR] Leonora, partially overhearing their plans, takes advantage of the passion with which, as a boy, she had inspired the warder\u0092s daughter, Marcelline (who is affianced to Jaquino the porter), and thinking that Florestan\u0092s life may be the one intended to be sacrificed, persuades Rocco to let her accompany him to the dungeon as an assistant. On entering the cell, Leonora immediately knows her husband by his voice, but conceals her emotion and helps Rocco to prepare the grave. When all is ready, Pizarro descends to dungeon and attempts to stab his prisoner. But Leonora, declaring herself Florestan\u0092s wife, resolutely throws herself between them. Pizarro, in defeated rage, is about to sacrifice both to his fury, when Leonora draws a pistol and defies him. At this moment the arrival of the Minister Ferdinand is heralded by a flourish of trumpets. Pizarro hurries away to receive his superior, and husband and wife rush into each other\u0092s arms. The deeply-laid plot is divulged to the Minister, who orders Pizarro to be deposed, and rewards the devotion of Leonora by bidding her with her own hands remove her husband\u0092s chains and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Bronson - Biography - IMDb Charles Bronson - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Charles Bronson [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 100 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (58) | Personal Quotes (21) | Salary (8) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 8\u00bd\" (1.74 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The archetypal screen tough guy with weatherbeaten features--one film critic described his rugged looks as \"a Clark Gable who had been left out in the sun too long\"--Charles Bronson was born Charles Buchinsky, one of 15 children of struggling parents in Pennsylvania. His mother, Mary (Valinsky), was born in Pennsylvania, to Lithuanian parents, and his father, Walter Buchinsky, was a Lithuanian immigrant coal miner. [PAR] He completed high school and joined his father in the mines (an experience that resulted in a lifetime fear of being in enclosed spaces) and then served in WW II. After his return from the war, Bronson used the GI Bill to study art (a passion he had for the rest of his life), then enrolled at the Pasadena Playhouse in California. One of his teachers was impressed with the young man and recommended him to director Henry Hathaway , resulting in Bronson making his film debut in You're in the Navy Now (1951). [PAR] He appeared on screen often early in his career, though usually uncredited. However, he made an impact on audiences as the evil assistant to Vincent Price in the 3-D thriller House of Wax (1953). His sinewy yet muscular physique got him cast in action-type roles, often without a shirt to highlight his manly frame. He received positive notices from critics for his performances in Vera Cruz (1954), Target Zero (1955) and Run of the Arrow (1957). Indie director Roger Corman cast him as the lead in his well-received low-budget gangster flick Machine-Gun Kelly (1958), then Bronson scored the lead in his own TV series, Man with a Camera (1958). The 1960s proved to be the era in which Bronson made his reputation as a man of few words but much action. [PAR] Director John Sturges cast him as half Irish/half Mexican gunslinger Bernardo O'Reilly in the smash hit western The Magnificent Seven (1960), and hired him again as tunnel rat Danny Velinski for the WWII POW big-budget epic The Great Escape (1963). Several more strong roles followed, then once again he was back in military uniform, alongside Lee Marvin and Ernest Borgnine in the testosterone-filled The Dirty Dozen (1967). [PAR] European audiences had taken a shine to his minimalist acting style, and he headed to the Continent to star in several action-oriented films, including Guns for San Sebastian (1968) (aka \"Guns for San Sebastian\"), the cult western Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) (aka \"Once Upon a Time in The West\"), Rider on the Rain (1970) (aka \"Rider On The Rain\") and, in one of the quirkier examples of international casting, alongside Japansese screen legend Toshir\u00f4 Mifune in the western Red Sun (1971) (aka \"Red Sun\"). [PAR] American audiences were by now keen to see Bronson back on US soil, and he returned triumphantly in the early 1970s to take the lead in more hard-edged crime and western dramas, including The Valachi Papers (1972) and the revenge western Chato's Land (1972). After nearly 25 years as a working actor, he became an 'overnight\" sensation. Bronson then hooked up with British director Michael Winner to star in several highly successful urban crime thrillers, including The Mechanic (1972) and The Stone Killer (1973). He then scored a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Snowman is not really about Christmas, it\u2019s about death Raymond Briggs: The Snowman is not really about Christmas, it's about death | The Independent [PAR] Raymond Briggs: The Snowman is not really about Christmas, it's about death [PAR] The beloved children's book, and subsequent animation, has been hijacked by festive sentimentality according to its author [PAR] Tuesday 11 December 2012 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] Raymond Briggs: The Snowman is not really about Christmas, it's about death [PAR] 1/2 [PAR] Raymond Briggs, the man behind the Snowman [PAR] 2/2 [PAR] The Snowman is about death not Christmas says author Raymond Briggs [PAR] Christmas wouldn\u2019t be the same without another showing for the heart-melting fantasy about a boy whose snowman creation magically comes to life. [PAR] But The Snowman was actually about death and should never have become a festive favourite, Raymond Briggs has revealed, after complaining that the film adaptation of his story was hijacked by Christmas sentimentality. [PAR] The illustrator who wrote The Snowman in 1978, has finally consented to produce a sequel to the enchanting animated story, The Snowman and The Snowdog, which will be broadcast by Channel 4 on Christmas Eve. [PAR] The original Oscar-nominated Snowman, famed for the scene of the boy and his snowman taking flight to the swelling choral ballad \"Walking In The Air\", has been screened every Christmas by Channel 4 since 1982. [PAR] Yet Briggs, 78, a self-confessed \u201cmiserable git\u201d with a Grinch-style attitude to Christmas , said that his story, which depicts the snowman melting in the morning, was designed to introduce children to the concept of mortality and should never have become a heart-warming accompaniment to mince pies and gift-giving. [PAR] \u201cThe idea was clean, nice and silent. I don\u2019t have happy endings,\u201d Briggs told the Christmas edition of Radio Times. \u201cI create what seems natural and inevitable. The snowman melts, my parents died, animals die, flowers die. Everything does. There\u2019s nothing particularly gloomy about it. It\u2019s a fact of life.\u201d [PAR] The animated version of The Snowman, which appeared four years after the book\u2019s publication, inserted \"Walking in the Air\", a motorcycle ride and a visit to Santa at the North Pole. [PAR] Briggs said: \u201cI thought, \u2018It\u2019s a bit corny and twee, dragging in Christmas\u2019, as The Snowman had nothing to do with that, but it worked extremely well.\u201d [PAR] The writer, whose 1973 bestseller Father Christmas, presented Santa as an irritable old man, grumbling about delivering presents in the cold, remains indifferent to the festive spirit. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m not a fan of Christmas, although I support the principle of a day of feasting and presents, but the anxiety starts in October: how many are coming? Are they bringing grandchildren? How long will they stay?\u201d [PAR] Briggs is however content with the Snowman sequel, which resurrects little Billy\u2019s melted playmate and introduces a mischievous pup with odd socks for ears. [PAR] \u201cIt would have been cashing in to do it before,\u201d he said. \u201cNow it won\u2019t do any harm, and it\u2019s not vulgar and American. I\u2019ve never touched a computer, or anything like that. [PAR] \u201cCGI makes everything too perfect, but they\u2019re sticking to the old ways. I\u2019m a notorious grumbler, but I found nothing to grumble about.\u201d [PAR] The 24-minute Snowman and The Snowdog costs \u00a32 million, and is made up of 200,000 individual drawings. Many of the artists worked on the original film and have sought to maintain the look of Briggs\u2019 drawings. Digital snow and lighting effects have been added, although it\u2019s unclear if the producers dared to tell Briggs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Racing 92 v Saracens (FINAL) Highlights \u2013 14.05.2016 ... Racing 92 v Saracens (FINAL) Highlights \u2013 14.05.2016 - YouRepeat [PAR] Add our chrome extension to repeat YouTube videos at the click of a button [PAR] Racing 92 v Saracens (FINAL) Highlights \u2013 14.05.2016 [PAR] Choose your time range using the slider. [PAR] Start: [PAR] Use this link to share your repeat [PAR] GIF Creation Settings [PAR] Separate tags with commas or press enter (max 5 tags) [PAR] Quick GIF Create [PAR] Harlequins v TimisoaraSaracens challengecup singlecam 171216 [PAR] Saracens F.C. [PAR] Saracens are a professional rugby union team based in London, England \u2013 although they formerly played their home games at Vicarage Road, in Watford. The team returned to London during the 2012\u201313 season, when they relocated to their newly built and renovated Allianz Park. They are currently members of the Aviva Premiership, the top level of domestic rugby union in England. Now incorporated as Saracens Ltd, the club was established in 1876 as the Saracens Football Club. As well as competing in the Aviva Premiership, Saracens take part in the LV= Cup and European rugby cups. The club's colours are black and red. [PAR] Sport: Rugby union [PAR] February, 2013 [PAR] Racing M\u00e9tro 92 [PAR] Racing M\u00e9tro 92 is a French rugby union club based in suburban Paris that was formed in 2001 with the collaboration of the Racing Club de France and US M\u00e9tro. \"92\" is the number of Hauts-de-Seine, a d\u00e9partement of \u00cele-de-France, bordering Paris to the west, where they play, and whose council gives financial backing to the club. They currently play in the Top 14, having been promoted as 2008\u201309 champions of Rugby Pro D2. Racing M\u00e9tro play at the Stade Yves-du-Manoir stadium at Colombes, where the France national team played for several decades. [PAR] League: Heineken Cup [PAR] 2009 [PAR] Rugby union [PAR] Rugby union, or simply rugby, is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a field with H-shaped goalposts on each goal line. William Webb Ellis is often credited with the innovation of running with the ball in hand in 1823 at Rugby School when he allegedly caught the ball while playing football and ran towards the opposition goal. However, the evidence for the story is doubtful. In 1845, the first football laws were written by Rugby School pupils; other significant events in the early development of rugby include the Blackheath Club's decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the split between rugby union and rugby league in 1895. Historically an amateur sport, in 1995 the International Rugby Board removed restrictions on payments to players, making the game openly professional at the highest level for the first time. The IRB has been the governing body for rugby union since its formation in 1886. Rugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland, and was absorbed by many of the countries associated with the British Empire. Early exponents of the sport included Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Countries that have adopted rugby union as their de facto national sport include Fiji, Georgia, Madagascar, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga and Wales. Rugby union is played in over 100 countries across six continents and as of 2014, the IRB has 101 full members and 18 associate members. [PAR] League [PAR] Scottish National League Division"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Suffolk Festivals - Suffolk Tourist Guide Suffolk Festivals [PAR] Suffolk Festivals [PAR] in date order, just click on each one for information [PAR] 2016 FESTIVALS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] The first Aldeburgh & Suffolk Coastal Young People\u2019s Film Festival, 5th-19th February 2016, venues across Suffolk [PAR] The Aldeburgh Cinema Trust has initiated and organised the first Aldeburgh and Coastal Young People\u2019s Film Festival as part of an ongoing project to develop the provision of high quality film and creative activity offers for children, young people and their families in the Suffolk Coastal area. [PAR] The festival takes place between 5th and 19th February at a variety of venues in the region. All ages are catered for from three years upwards with a programme specially designed to be entertaining, fun and inspirational. [PAR] Programme highlights include: [PAR] \u2022 SHORTS FOR WEE ONES: 45 minutes of magical tales. Age 3+ [PAR] \u2022 SHORTS FOR MIDDLE ONES: an hour of beautiful dialogue-free short films. Age 8+ [PAR] \u2022 THE BIG KNIGHTS: witty and charming tale from the makers of Peppa Pig. Age 3+ [PAR] \u2022 ANTBOY - REVENGE OF THE RED FURY: smart and very funny tale about a short superhero. Age 8+ [PAR] \u2022 WINDSTORM: teenage girls and horses. Age 10+ [PAR] \u2022 LANDFILLHARMONIC: the true story of young musicians playing instruments made from garbage. Age 10+ [PAR] \u2022 SPEED SISTERS: the true story of the first ever female Middle Eastern car racing team. Shown in the presence of MARAH ZAHALQA, 24-year old Palestinian racing champion. Age 12+ [PAR] \u2022 EAST ANGLIAN STUDENT FILM FESTIVAL \u2018Best of the Fest\u2019. Age 12+ [PAR] \u2022 ICONIC STORIES RETOLD IN FIVE MINUTES \u2018Short Film Competition\u2019. Age 12+ [PAR] Full details including specific dates and venues can be found in the festival\u2019s printed programme which is available from Aldeburgh Cinema. A digital version is online at Aldeburgh Cinema [PAR] Call 01728 454884 or email info@aldeburghcinema.co.uk for more information. [PAR] The 15th Aldeburgh Literary Festival, Thursday 3rd to Sunday 6th March 2016, Jubilee Hall, Aldeburgh [PAR] The Aldeburgh Literary Festival was started in 2002 by the John and Mary James of The Aldeburgh Bookshop. This years festival features 4 days of events. 16 talks from a range of writers and personalities including leading cultural historian and broadcaster Sir Christopher Frayling, Author Frances Wilson, BBC Radio 4's Jonathan Dimbleby and screenwriter, actor and novelist David Nicholls, all at the Jubilee Hall in Aldeburgh. There are also 3 art exhibitions held at the Aldeburgh Cinema Gallery, the Aldeburgh Gallery and the Thompson\u2019s Gallery. Plus the book launch and signing of local pastry chef Henrietta Inman\u2019s Clean Cakes (Saturday 5th March). Many events are already sold out so please call to book your tickets as soon as possible. [PAR] Tel: 01728 452587 [PAR] Venue Address: Jubilee Hall, Crabbe Street, Aldeburgh, Suffolk. IP15 5BN [PAR] For more information visit [PAR] 17th Hundon Plough Beer Festival, Thursday 24th to Monday 28th March 2016, The Plough In Hundon [PAR] 12pm until at least 11pm all days [PAR] 30+ ales and craft beers and 12 ciders. Festival theme \"World Hop Tour\". Open all day throughout the festival and food available all day, children welcome until 9pm. 8 live bands over 5 days, please see our website for full listings. [PAR] Festival organiser- Kate Wood [PAR] Half day ticket \u00a39/Full day \u00a318 [PAR] Concessions (Under 25) \u00a35 half day/\u00a39 full day [PAR] Box Office opening hours: Tuesday \u2013 Saturday 11.00am- 2.00pm [PAR] Visit www.inkfestival.org for further information. Tel: 0845 6732 12 [PAR] Weird and Wonderful Wood, Saturday 14 to Sunday 15 May, 10.30am- 5.00pm, Haughley Park"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PYGMALION - Cyprian King & Sculptor of Greek Mythology PYGMALION - Cyprian King & Sculptor of Greek Mythology [PAR] Pygmalion [PAR] Translation [PAR] -- [PAR] PYGMALION was a king of the island of Kypros (Cyprus) who fell in love with an ivory statue of the goddess Aphrodite . In answer to his prayers the statue was brought to life and afterwards became his wife. [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1.1] POSEIDON (Hyginus Fabulae 56) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.2] PAPHOS (by the Statue) (Ovid Metamorphoses 10.243) [PAR] [2.1] THRASIOS (Hyginus Fabulae 56) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] PYGMALION (Pugmali\u00f4n), a king of Cyprus and father of Metharme. (Apollod. iii. 14. \u00a7 3.) He is said to have fallen in love with the ivory image of a maiden which he himself had made, and therefore to have prayed to Aphrodite to breathe life into it. When the request was granted, Pygmalion married his beloved, and became by her the father of Paphus. (Ov. Met. x. 243, &c.) [PAR] Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. [PAR] CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES [PAR] Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 14. 3 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : [PAR] \"Kephalos (Cephalus), Eos (the Dawn) loved and carried off, and consorting with him in Syria bore a son Tithonos (Tithonus), who had a son Phaethon, who had a son Astynoos (Astynous), who had a son Sandokos (Sandocus), who passed from Syria to Kilikia (Cilicia) and founded a city Kelenderis (Celenderis), and having married Pharnake (Pharnace), daughter of Megassares, king of Hyria, begat Kinyras (Cinyras). [PAR] This Kinyras in Kypros (Cyprus), whither he had come with some people, founded Paphos; and having there married Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, king of Kypros, he begat Oxyporos and Adonis, and besides them daughters, Orsedike (Orsedice), Laogore, and Braesia. These by reason of the wrath of Aphrodite cohabited with foreigners, and ended their life in Aigyptos (Egypt).\" [PAR] Clement of Alexandria, Exhortation to the Greeks 4 (trans. Butterworth) (Greek Christian rhetoric C2nd A.D.) : [PAR] \"We must, then, approach the statues [of the gods] closely as we possibly can in order to prove from their very appearance that they are inseparably associated with error. For their forms are unmistakably stamped with the characteristic marks of the daimones (spirits). At least, if one were to go round inspecting the paintings and statues, he would immediately recognize your gods from their undignified figures . . . The pyre indicates Herakles, and if one sees a woman represented naked, he understands it is \u2018golden\u2019 Aphrodite. [PAR] So the well-known Pygmalion of Kypros (Cpyrus) fell in love with an ivory statue; it was of Aphrodite and was naked. The man of Kypros is captivated by its shapeliness and embraces the statue. This is related by Philostephanos [Greek poet from Kyrene C3rd B.C.]. There was also an Aphrodite in Knidos (Cnidus), made of marble and beautiful. Another man fell in love with this and has intercourse with the marble, as Poseidippos relates. The account of the first author is in his book On Kypros; that of the second in his book On Knidos. [PAR] Such strength had art to beguile that it became for amorous men a guide to the pit of destruction. Now craftsmanship is powerful, but it cannot beguile a rational being, nor yet those who have lived according to reason . . . They say that a maiden once fell in love with an image, and a beautiful youth with a Knidian statue; but it was their sight that was beguiled by the art. For no man in his senses would have embraced the statue of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bringing the map to life: European satirical maps 1845-1945 Bringing the map to life: European satirical maps 1845-1945 [PAR] Bringing the map to life: European satirical maps 1845-1945 [PAR] Cartes satiriques de l\u2019Europe 1845-1945 ou comment donner de la vie aux cartes [PAR] Roderick M. Barron [PAR] English Fran\u00e7ais [PAR] The map of Europe in the shape of a Queen originally designed by Johannes Putsch (Bucius) in 1537 and later published in Sebastian Munster\u2019s Cosmographia forms an interesting counterpoint to the first separate Continental map of the Europe [1540] from Munster\u2019s companion work, Geographia. These two European maps point to two quite distinct traditions of cartographic representation dating back to the early 14th Century. [PAR] In the 19th Century the metaphorical tradition of the European Queen witnessed a new and distinctive reincarnation \u2013 the political cartoon map of Europe \u2013 which reflected and mirrored the momentous political and cultural changes that transformed Europe between 1845 and 1945. Individual nations were caricaturized and distinctive national identities given new and popular symbolic expression. Increasingly politicised, the cartoon map of Europe finally disappeared in the turmoil of World War I, victim to new and more powerful forms of mass media and communication. Its vestiges remain clearly visible in the design and iconography of subsequent propaganda posters of Bolshevik Russia and of World War II. [PAR] La carte de l\u2019Europe sous les traits d\u2019une reine, dessin\u00e9e par Johannes Putsch (Bucius) en 1537 et publi\u00e9e plus tard dans \u201cCosmographia\u201d de Sebastian Munster, forme un contrepoint int\u00e9ressant \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re carte continentale de l\u2019Europe (1540) provenant de l\u2019oeuvre de Munster Geographia. Ces deux cartes d\u2019Europe renvoient \u00e0 deux traditions distinctes de repr\u00e9sentations cartographiques remontant au d\u00e9but du XIVe si\u00e8cle. [PAR] Au XIXe si\u00e8cle, la tradition m\u00e9taphorique de la Reine europ\u00e9enne fut le t\u00e9moin d\u2019une nouvelle r\u00e9incarnation caract\u00e9ristique \u2013 la carte politique de l\u2019Europe en dessins humoristiques \u2013 qui refl\u00e9tait les changements politiques et culturels majeurs ayant transform\u00e9 l\u2019Europe entre 1845 et 1945. Les nations y \u00e9taient caricatur\u00e9es, et les identit\u00e9s nationales se voyaient attribuer une expression populaire symbolique. De plus en plus politis\u00e9e, la carte de l\u2019Europe en bande dessin\u00e9e a finalement disparu dans la confusion de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, victime de nouvelles formes de m\u00e9dias, plus puissantes. Ses vestiges restent clairement visibles dans le design et l\u2019iconographie des affiches de propagande ult\u00e9rieures de la Russie bolchevique et de la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale. [PAR] Entr\u00e9es d\u2019index [PAR] Mots-cl\u00e9s : [PAR] carte all\u00e9gorique , carte anthropomorphique , carte politique en bande dessin\u00e9e , carte satirique , carte s\u00e9rio-comique , carte symbolique , caricature , iconographie , propagande , st\u00e9r\u00e9otype national , John Bull , Deutsche Michel , Marianne [PAR] Keywords : [PAR] Introduction [PAR] 1The 17th Century Dutch carte-a-figures presented an almost iconographic image in which the centre of the engraved geographical map sheet was supplemented and embellished by border representations of peoples and places. The ostensible aim of the cartographer was to try to provide the viewer with an encapsulation of the fundamental \u201cessence\u201d of the country or region displayed. In the 16th & 17th Century, Europe was the dominant Continental Power, a symbol of civilisation and culture, heiress of the great classical Empires of Greece and Rome. So she appeared in visual form on the title pages of the Great Atlases of the period, such as Abraham Ortelius\u2019 Theatrum Orbis Terrarum [Antwerp, 1570-1612]. [PAR] 2This same European Queen, first appeared in map form in 1537 in a design by Johannes Putsch or Bucius, which was widely popularised in the subsequent derivatives of Heinrich B\u00fcnting [1581] and Matthias Quad [1587] and in editions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Dakota: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol ... South Dakota: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag, Tree, Geography, Symbols [PAR] South Dakota [PAR] Governor: Dennis Daugaard, R (to Jan. 2019) [PAR] Lieut. Governor: Matt Michels, R (to Jan. 2019) [PAR] Atty. General: Marty Jackley, R (to Jan. 2019) [PAR] Secy. of State: Shantel Krebs, R (to Jan. 2019) [PAR] Treasurer: Rich Sattgast, R (to Jan. 2019) [PAR] Organized as territory: March 2, 1861 [PAR] Entered Union (rank): Nov. 2, 1889 (40) [PAR] Present constitution adopted: 1889 [PAR] blue and gold (in state flag) [PAR] song [PAR] Origin of name: From the Sioux tribe, meaning \u201callies\u201d [PAR] 10 largest cities (2010 est.): Sioux Falls , 153,888; Rapid City , 67,956; Aberdeen, 26,091; Brookings, 22,056; Watertown, 21,482; Mitchell, 15.254; Yankton, 14,454; Pierre , 13,646; Huron, 12,592; Vermillion, 10,571 [PAR] Land area: 75,885 sq mi. (196,542 sq km) [PAR] Geographic center: In Hughes Co., 8 mi. NE of Pierre [PAR] Number of counties: 66 (64 county governments) [PAR] Largest county by population and area: Minnehaha, 169,468 (2010); Meade, 3,471 sq mi. [PAR] State parks: 12 [PAR] 2015 resident population est.: 858,469 [PAR] 2010 resident census population (rank): 814,180 (46). Male: 407,381 (50.0%); Female: 406,799 (50.0%). White: 699,392 (85.9%); Black: 10,2047 (1.3%); American Indian: 71,817 (8.8%); Asian: 7,610 (0.9%); Other race: 7,477 (0.9%); Two or more races: 17,283 (2.1%); Hispanic/Latino: 22,119(2.7%). 2010 percent population 18 and over: 75.1; 65 and over: 14.3; Median age: 36.9. [PAR] Map of South Dakota [PAR] Exploration of this area began in 1743 when Louis-Joseph and Fran\u00e7ois Verendrye came from France in search of a route to the Pacific. [PAR] The U.S. acquired the region as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, and it was explored by Lewis and Clark in 1804\u20131806. Fort Pierre, the first permanent settlement, was established in 1817. [PAR] Settlement of South Dakota did not begin in earnest until the arrival of the railroad in 1873 and the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874. [PAR] Agriculture is a cultural and economic mainstay, but it no longer leads the state in employment or share of gross state product. Durable-goods manufacturing and private services have evolved as the drivers of the economy. Tourism is also a booming industry in the state, generating over a billion dollars' worth of economic activity each year. [PAR] South Dakota is the second-largest producer of sunflower seed and oil in the nation. South Dakota is also a leading producer of a variety of small grains including oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, sorghum and alfalfa. [PAR] The Black Hills are the highest mountains east of the Rockies. Mt. Rushmore , in this group, is famous for the likenesses of Washington , Jefferson , Lincoln , and Theodore Roosevelt , which were carved in granite by Gutzon Borglum . A memorial to Crazy Horse is also being carved in granite near Custer. [PAR] Other tourist attractions include the Badlands ; the World's Only Corn Palace, in Mitchell; and the city of Deadwood, where Wild Bill Hickok was killed in 1876 and where gambling was recently legalized. [PAR] In 2012, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) released a report that said the number of farms in South Dakota had decreased. However, the size of each farm had increased. There were less than 300 farms in South Dakota in 2012, according to the USDA, but the average farm size increased 13 acres, from 1,395 in 2011 to 1,408 in 2012. [PAR] See more on South Dakota: [PAR] Joseph J. Foss WW II Marine fighter ace; [PAR] Terry Francona former baseball player,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theo Albrecht Jewish - Theo Albrecht Net Worth Theo Albrecht Jewish - Theo Albrecht Net Worth [PAR] Theo Albrecht Jewish [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Theo Albrecht [PAR] Theo Albrecht Net Worth is $18.8 Billion. Theo Albrecht was a German businessman and co-founder of the Aldi grocery store chain with an estimated net worth of $18.8 billion dollars. Theo Albrecht ran Aldi with his brother Karl, with Theo running Ald. Theodor Paul Albrecht (28 Ma... [PAR] Theo Albrecht Net Worth is $18.8 Billion. [PAR] Theo Albrecht Net Worth is $18.8 Billion. Theo Albrecht was a German businessman and co-founder of the Aldi grocery store chain with an estimated net worth of $18.8 billion dollars. Theo Albrecht ran Aldi with his brother Karl, with Theo running Ald Theodor Paul Albrecht , generally known as Theo Albrecht, was a German entrepreneur, who in 2010 was ranked by Forbes as the 31st richest person in the world, with a net worth of $16.7 billion. He owned and was the CEO of the Aldi Nord discount supermarket chain. In the US he owned the Trader Joe's specialty grocery store chain. His brother Karl Albrecht owns the Aldi Sud discount supermarket chain. The two chains originally were a single family enterprise until a friendly division of assets in 1960. Aldi Sud operates the Aldi groceries in the United States. So Aldi and Trader Joe's, while owned by the brothers, have separate and distinct ownership and operations. [PAR] In 1971, Albrecht was kidnapped for 17 days. A ransom of seven million German marks was paid for his release. [PAR] Both Albrecht brothers have been reported by journalists to be reclusive and little is known about their personal lives...[DOC] [TLE] Theo Albrecht Sr - Theo Albrecht Net Worth Theo Albrecht Sr - Theo Albrecht Net Worth [PAR] Theo Albrecht Sr [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Theo Albrecht [PAR] Theo Albrecht Net Worth is $18.8 Billion. Theo Albrecht was a German businessman and co-founder of the Aldi grocery store chain with an estimated net worth of $18.8 billion dollars. Theo Albrecht ran Aldi with his brother Karl, with Theo running Ald. Theodor Paul Albrecht (28 Ma... [PAR] Theo Albrecht Net Worth is $18.8 Billion. [PAR] Theo Albrecht Net Worth is $18.8 Billion. Theo Albrecht was a German businessman and co-founder of the Aldi grocery store chain with an estimated net worth of $18.8 billion dollars. Theo Albrecht ran Aldi with his brother Karl, with Theo running Ald Theodor Paul Albrecht , generally known as Theo Albrecht, was a German entrepreneur, who in 2010 was ranked by Forbes as the 31st richest person in the world, with a net worth of $16.7 billion. He owned and was the CEO of the Aldi Nord discount supermarket chain. In the US he owned the Trader Joe's specialty grocery store chain. His brother Karl Albrecht owns the Aldi Sud discount supermarket chain. The two chains originally were a single family enterprise until a friendly division of assets in 1960. Aldi Sud operates the Aldi groceries in the United States. So Aldi and Trader Joe's, while owned by the brothers, have separate and distinct ownership and operations. [PAR] In 1971, Albrecht was kidnapped for 17 days. A ransom of seven million German marks was paid for his release. [PAR] Both Albrecht brothers have been reported by journalists to be reclusive and little is known about their personal lives..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Cowling, the BBC's first ever weatherman, dies on ... George Cowling, the BBC's first ever weatherman, dies on Christmas Eve aged 89 | Daily Mail Online [PAR] George Cowling, the BBC's first ever weatherman, dies on Christmas Eve aged 89 [PAR] British television's first ever weather presenter has died aged 89. [PAR] George Cowling passed away on Christmas Eve after a short stay in hospital. [PAR] He had presented the first televised weather forecast from the BBC's Lime Grove Studios on 11 January 1954. [PAR] The BBC's first ever TV weatherman George Cowling, who died on Christmas Eve aged 89, pictured in 1954 looking at a current weather chart at the meteorological office, Victory House, Kingsway, London [PAR] Aged 32, he went on air at 7.55pm and was filmed in front of a weather map and told the viewing public that 'tomorrow will be rather windy, a good day to hang out the washing.' [PAR] Cowling joined the Met Office in 1939, at the start of World War II, stationed as a meteorological assistant with No. 4 Bomber Group, RAF Yorkshire, and went on to work as a forecaster in France, Belgium, Holland and Germany. [PAR] He appeared on the BBC until 1957 and he remained with the Met Office until his retirement in 1981. [PAR] George Cowling at a Meteorological Office party in 1955 with his wife on his right [PAR] Before satellite images were used, Cowling used a pencil and rubber for analysing the charts and a pair of dividers for measuring isobar spacing to give wind speeds. [PAR] He also had to transport a large bundle of rolled charts across London in order to get the graphics to the BBC studios at Shepherd's Bush. [PAR] He also worked as a senior instructor at the Met Office College and as principal forecaster at Heathrow Airport. [PAR] In his biography for the BBC Weather website, he recalled a studio visit by Princess Margaret. [PAR] He said he warned her he had 'bad news' for viewers, with frost forecast. [PAR] The princess said: 'That's good news - I love the cold weather.' [PAR] Cowling replied: 'Perhaps ma'am, you don't suffer from frozen pipes like the rest of us.' [PAR] George Cowling (second from right, back row) poses with former and current BBC weather presenters (L-R, back row) Ian McGaskill, Phil Avery,Cowling, and Jack Scott, (L-R, front row) Suzanne Charlton, Penny Tranter, Michael Fish and Helen Willetts, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of televised weather presenting in 2004[DOC] [TLE] First BBC television weatherman George Cowling dies BBC News - First BBC television weatherman George Cowling dies [PAR] First BBC television weatherman George Cowling dies [PAR] Mr Cowling joined the Met Office as an RAF meteorological assistant [PAR] Television's first weather presenter George Cowling died on Christmas Eve, following a short stay in hospital. [PAR] Mr Cowling, 89, had presented the first televised forecast from the BBC's Lime Grove Studios on 11 January 1954. [PAR] He joined the Met Office in 1939 as a meteorological assistant for the RAF and went on to work as a forecaster in France, Belgium, Holland and Germany. [PAR] He appeared on the BBC until 1957 and he remained with the Met Office until his retirement in 1981. [PAR] BBC Weather editorial manager Richard Chapman said: \"George has a unique place in the history of weather broadcasting. Our thoughts are with his family. [PAR] \"He was always highly regarded by the BBC Weather team as it grew and developed over the years, and he continued to take a keen interest in how the weather"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jerzy Buzek | prime minister of Poland | Britannica.com Jerzy Buzek | prime minister of Poland | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of Poland [PAR] Alternative Title: Jerzy Karol Buzek [PAR] Jerzy Buzek [PAR] Jerzy Buzek, (born July 3, 1940, \u015ami\u0142owice, Poland [now Smilovice, Czech Republic]), Polish engineer, educator, and political leader who served as prime minister of Poland (1997\u20132001) and as president of the European Parliament (2009\u201312). [PAR] Jerzy Buzek delivering a speech to the European Parliament, 2009. [PAR] Georges Gobet\u2014AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Buzek earned a degree in technical sciences from the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice. He later taught there as well as at the Opole University of Technology; he also held positions at Polonia University in Cz\u0119stochowa and at the Polish Academy of Sciences. Buzek joined the Solidarity trade union in 1980 and served as chairman of its first national congress in 1981. Following the communist government\u2019s suppression of the union in December 1981, Buzek continued to be a leader of the organization after it went underground. After Solidarity reemerged in 1989, first as a legal opposition movement and then as the country\u2019s first postcommunist ruling party, Buzek remained a prominent member of the union. [PAR] In September 1997 Buzek, as a candidate of the conservative Solidarity Electoral Action (Akcja Wyborcza Solidarno\u015b\u0107; AWS) coalition, was elected to the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish legislature. The AWS won a plurality of seats in the election, but the group\u2019s leader, Marian Krzaklewski, declined the post of prime minister. The AWS then turned to Buzek, whose nomination was confirmed by Polish Pres. Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski in October. Buzek oversaw the formation of a centre-right coalition government with the liberal-democratic Freedom Union (Unia Wolno\u015bci; UW) party, and his cabinet was sworn in on October 31, 1997. The following month Buzek\u2019s government survived a vote of confidence. [PAR] Buzek was largely unknown at the time of his appointment, and some detractors claimed that he would be little more than a puppet of Krzaklewski. Others expressed a lack of confidence in Buzek\u2019s ability to stifle far-right elements of the AWS. Nevertheless, many Poles welcomed the choice of a political outsider who was committed to fostering economic growth. Free-market proponents saw a friend in Buzek, an economic liberal who supported the privatization of state-owned industries, such as coal mining. In addition, Buzek was a practicing Protestant in an overwhelmingly Roman Catholic country, and this was seen as evidence of his comfort with opposing viewpoints. Indeed, he was described as a consensus builder and a mediator. [PAR] During his term as prime minister, Buzek focused on privatization as well as on administrative reform. In 1999 Poland\u2019s local government was restructured, and the country\u2019s health care, pension, and education systems were reformed. In the international arena, Buzek began accession talks with the European Union (EU), and in 1999 he gained Poland\u2019s admission into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . Buzek stepped down in 2001, after parliamentary elections resulted in a left-wing victory. [PAR] Britannica Stories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bago Region - MyanmarBurma.com Bago Region - MyanmarBurma.com [PAR] Sign up Login [PAR] Myanmar's Official Name [PAR] Myanmar's official name is The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, named such in 1989. We use \"Myanmar\" as much as possible, balancing it with the reality that much of the world still surfs the net for \"Burma\" and we want everyone to find us easily so they can discover Myanmar. In addition, when we talk about the years the land was called Burma, we call it by its historical name. In this way, we can convey the rich past of the country now known as Myanmar and better reach potential visitors all over the world."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 4 | 1954: Housewives celebrate end of ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 4 | 1954: Housewives celebrate end of rationing [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1954: Housewives celebrate end of rationing [PAR] Fourteen years of food rationing in Britain ended at midnight when restrictions on the sale and purchase of meat and bacon were lifted. [PAR] Members of the London Housewives' Association held a special ceremony in London's Trafalgar Square to mark Derationing Day. [PAR] The Minister of Fuel and Power, Geoffrey Lloyd, burned a large replica of a ration book at an open meeting in his constituency. [PAR] But the Minister of Food, Major Gwilym Lloyd-George, told a meeting at Bebington in Cheshire he would keep his as a souvenir and praised all those traders and organisations that had co-operated with the rationing system. [PAR] For the first time since the war began in 1939 London's Smithfield Market opened at midnight instead of 0600 and meat sellers were doing a roaring trade. [PAR] High prices [PAR] Although the final step in dismantling the whole wartime system of food distribution comes into effect, it's not all good news. [PAR] Butchers are predicting meat prices will soar for the next couple of weeks until the effect of supply and demand cools the situation down. [PAR] In February the Ministry of Food stopped controlling the sale of pork and announced it would end all food rationing this summer. [PAR] Food rationing began on 8 January 1940, four months after the outbreak of war. [PAR] Limits were imposed on the sale of bacon, butter and sugar. [PAR] Then on 11 March 1940 all meat was rationed. Clothes coupons were introduced and a black market soon developed while queueing outside shops and bartering for extra food became a way of life. [PAR] There were allowances made for pregnant women who used special green ration books to get extra food rations, and breastfeeding mothers had extra milk. [PAR] Restrictions were gradually lifted three years after war had ended, starting with flour on 25 July 1948, followed by clothes on 15 March 1949. [PAR] On 19 May 1950 rationing ended for canned and dried fruit, chocolate biscuits, treacle, syrup, jellies and mincemeat. [PAR] Petrol rationing, imposed in 1939, ended in May 1950 followed by soap in September 1950. [PAR] Three years later sales of sugar were off ration and last May butter rationing ended.[DOC] [TLE] Food Rationing during World War 2 - Primary Homework Help Food Rationing during World War 2 [PAR] Rationing Timeline [PAR] Why was food rationed in Britain in World War II? [PAR] Before the Second World War started Britain imported about 55 million tons of food a year from other countries. After war was declared in September 1939, the British government had to cut down on the amount of food it brought in from abroad as German submarines started attacking British supply ships. There was a worry that this would lead to shortages of food supplies in the shops so the British government decided to introduce a system of rationing. [PAR] Rationing made sure that people got an equal amount of food every week. The government was worried that as food became scarcer, prices would rise and poorer people might not be able to afford to eat. There was also a danger that some people might hoard food, leaving none for others. [PAR] Ration books - notice the dates [PAR] These ration books were issued to Doris and Montague Corri. [PAR] How long was food rationed for? [PAR] Rationing of food"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ancient Man and His First Civilizations - realhistoryww.com Ancient Egypt: Greek and Roman rule - Ancient Man and His First Civilizations [PAR] Ancient Man and His First Civilizations [PAR] Egypt-9 [PAR] [PAR] The Ptolemy Greek's [PAR] So now, Egypt is ruled by Greek kings, Alexander the Great has taken Egypt from the Persians, and made it a part of the Greek Empire. The arrival of the Greeks brought an unprecedented amount of change in Egypt, as they overlaid the existing society with that of their own. The Ptolemaic dynasty of the Greeks, would successfully rule Egypt by mingling Hellenic traditions with the legacy of the Pharaohs. The Greek kings, followed in the ancient Egyptian tradition of having themselves deified as gods, having temples built, and having statues made in their honor. Many of the statues, relief's, and funerary objects which are today, in museums around the world, are from this period. [PAR] There were many Greek kings, notable among them were.. [PAR] Ptolemy I (Soter I) [PAR] 323-285 B.C. [PAR] Upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C, the throne of Egypt fell to Ptolemy I. He was a veteran soldier and trusted commander who had served Alexander. He started the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which lasted about 300 years. He ran Egypt like a business, strictly for profit. [PAR] [PAR] From: New York University - unofficial on-line content [PAR] The Importance of Periods of Foreign Domination to the Study of Egypt Overall [PAR] If one wishes to understand how the Egyptians conceived of themselves (or, as many would put it, how the Egyptians constructed their identity), one of the most productive ways of doing so would be to examine the interactions between Egyptians and foreigners - the Egyptians\u2019 view of things when their land was under foreign control. For one thing, there are several examples of foreign rulers attempting to present themselves as part of the ancient pharaonic tradition. During times of foreign rule the Egyptians frequently adopted certain means to maintain and emphasize the distinctness of their cultural heritage. Both attempts, those of foreigners to acquire an Egyptian identity as well as those of the Egyptians to maintain it, offer some telling insights into what being Egyptian was. Although we cannot be certain, it is likely that in these efforts of both parties, we are shown behavior which probably closely paralleled events in other, less documented eras of Egyptian history, such as the Hyksos Period. [PAR] Some General Characteristics of Greek Rule in Egypt [PAR] The Ptolemies were quite unlike other foreigners who had ruled Egypt in several respects. Most importantly, they ruled within Egypt. One of the best phrases for understanding the nature of their government\u2019s relationship with the country on which they imposed their rule is that \u201cthe Ptolemies used Egypt.\u201d (By contrast, it is fair to say that \u201cthe Romans abused Egypt.\u201d) The Greeks could use Egypt because they came upon a well developed country in respect to its economic, intellectual, and political life. These factors were in force to an extent which was unparalleled anywhere else within the Hellenistic world where the Greeks had placed themselves to rule over indigenous populations. In the case of Egypt, the Ptolemies found themselves in control of a highly sophisticated ancient civilization and administration, not a group of cloddish barbarians. The Egyptians had as high a level of culture as the Greeks, but it was quite different from theirs. The fact that the Egyptians stuck to their ways annoyed and puzzled the Greeks and gave the Egyptians the reputation as being stubborn, ornery, and, for lack"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The State of Iowa - An Introduction to the Hawkeye State ... The State of Iowa - An Introduction to the Hawkeye State from NETSTATE.COM [PAR] The State of Iowa [PAR] Iowa State Capitol, Des Moines [PAR] Welcome to Iowa, the Hawkeye State. With its fertile, rolling prairies, Iowa is one of the foremost farming states in the United States. One fifth of the nation's corn harvest is produced in Iowa. Wet springs combined with warm summers create a favorable environment for plantings of corn and soybeans in the state's top-grade farmland. Although agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, Iowa has also encouraged the growth of manufacturing and service industries. [PAR] If you are going to have large farms, you might as well ensure that you have the right equipment to work those farms, and in that spirit Iowa produced the first gasoline-powered tractor in 1892 (John Froelich, Clayton County). Today, the state claims the largest tractor manufacturing plant in the U.S. [PAR] THE STATE NAME: [PAR] The state of Iowa, originally a territory of Wisconsin west of the Mississippi River, was named after the Iowa River. [PAR] The Iowa River was named after the Iowa Indians who lived in the territory. The tribal name \"Ayuxwa\" was spelled by the French as \"Ayoua\" and by the English as \"Ioway.\" \"Ayuxwa\" means \"one who puts to sleep.\" [PAR] James Fenimore Cooper [PAR] The Hawkeye State [PAR] This popular nickname for the state of Iowa is said to have come from the scout, Hawkeye, in James Fenimore Cooper's [PAR] The Last of the Mohicans [PAR] published in 1826. According to the Iowa State web site, \"Two Iowa promoters from Burlington are believed to have popularized the name.\" The nickname was given approval by \"territorial officials\" in 1838, twelve years after the book was published and eight years before Iowa became a state. [PAR] The two men responsible for the promotion of this nickname are thought to be Judge David Rorer of Burlington and the newspaper publisher, James G. Edwards of Fort Madison and, later, Burlington. Burlington had been established in 1833 after the Black Hawk War of 1832. Mr. Edwards changed the name of his Burlington newspaper, [PAR] The Iowa Patriot [PAR] , to [PAR] The Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot [PAR] in tribute to his friend Chief Black Hawk. Judge Rorer is said to have suggested \"The Hawkeye State\" after finding the name in [PAR] The Last of the Mohicans [PAR] while Mr. Edwards proposed the nickname \"Hawk-eyes\" in 1838 to \"...rescue from oblivian [sic] a momento [sic], at least of the name of the old chief,\" Black Hawk. [PAR] Marshall County, Iowa [PAR] The Corn State [PAR] This nickname pays tribute to Iowa's corn crop. Iowa leads the country in the production of corn. Iowa has also been called the \"Land Where the Tall Corn Grows,\" in tribute. [PAR] Land of the Rolling Prairie [PAR] Iowa has been referred to as the \"Land of the Rolling Prairie\" because of the vast rolling prairies that covered the state. [PAR] THE STATE QUARTER: [PAR] United States Mint Image [PAR] The Iowa quarter is the fourth of 2004, and the 29th in the 50 State Quarters\u00ae Program. On December 28, 1846, Iowa became the 29th state to be admitted into the Union. The Iowa quarter design features a one-room schoolhouse with a teacher and students planting a tree, and the inscriptions \"Foundation in Education\" and \"Grant Wood.\" The design is based on \"Arbor Day,\" a painting by Grant Wood, who was born near Anamosa, Iowa. He spent his career as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AIDA AND THE CANAL? THE COBBLESTONES OF SUEZ ONCE TROD BY ... AIDA AND THE CANAL? THE COBBLESTONES OF SUEZ ONCE TROD BY OTHELLO? | Simanaitis Says [PAR] About the Author [PAR] AIDA AND THE CANAL? THE COBBLESTONES OF SUEZ ONCE TROD BY OTHELLO? [PAR] EGYPT HAS rich operatic history, but not without misunderstanding, myth and surmise. It has been said that Giuseppe Verdi\u2019s Aida was commissioned to celebrate the grand opening of Cairo\u2019s Khedivial Opera House in 1869. Or was it to celebrate the Suez Canal\u2019s completion that same year? Nope, on either. But, even more tantalizing, there\u2019s reason to believe the real Othello might have trod cobblestones of what\u2019s now Suez, another Egyptian city of some note. [PAR] Aida, opera by Giuseppe Verdi, cover of an early vocal score, c. 1872. [PAR] Verdi\u2019s Aida is set in Egypt of an indeterminate era, with rituals and temples a\u2019plenty. Spoiler Alert: Ethiopian slavegirl Aida and her lover Radam\u00e8s, Egyptian Captain of the Guards, die together entombed beneath such a temple. [PAR] And, in fact, Aida was commissioned by Isma\u2019il Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, for performance (though not the inaugural one) at Cairo\u2019s Khedivial Opera House. The opera\u2019s world premiere took place there on December 24, 1871. It had been slated for an earlier date, but the Franco-Prussian War, 1870 \u2013 1871, caused its costumes and scenery to be stranded in Paris. [PAR] It was Verdi\u2019s opera Rigoletto that made the Khedivial Opera House\u2019s opening night, November 6, 1869. [PAR] Another important event in November 1869 was the opening of the Suez Canal. Indeed, Verdi had been offered opportunity to compose an inaugural hymn for the occasion. He rejected the gig, with \u201cI am not accustomed to compose occasional pieces.\u201d The Suez Canal ceremony, sans Verdi, took place on November 17, 1869. [PAR] Nor did the 1871 Cairo debut of Aida meet with Verdi\u2019s approval. He didn\u2019t attend, but later heard that the audience had been all invited dignitaries, politicians and critics, with no members of the general public. It wasn\u2019t until February 8, 1872, at Milan\u2019s La Scala, that Verdi considered the real premiere of Aida. [PAR] I recounted a memorable Aida performance in \u201cOpera Chaos IV\u201d when the tomb doors slid past their intended closure to opposite wings of the stage. [PAR] There have been other Aida countretemps decidedly less entertaining. A 1997 production, against the backdrop of the Deir Al-Bahari Temple in Luxor, Egypt, was cancelled after terrorist attacks on tourists. Another scheduled Aida planned with the Pyramids as background was cancelled because of the September 11, 2001, attacks in the U.S. [PAR] Verdi\u2019s Aida. Image from the Metropolitan Opera. [PAR] On May 28, 2013, a Cairo Opera House Aida curtain rose to an on-stage strike . Most recently, and without incident, the opera\u2019s famous Triumphal March was performed in Cairo as part of an August 2015 celebration of the New Suez Canal\u2019s widening. [PAR] Enough already on Aida. What about Othello treading the cobblestones of Suez? I came on this tidbit while reading A Volume of Places Which Have Delighted, Intrigued and Intimidated Men, the second time this reference proved useful. [PAR] The book cites Famagusta, Cyprus, as \u201cone of the finest remaining monuments of the Latin Kingdom in the East, and the scene of the tragedy of Othello.\u201d [PAR] By background, Shakespeare\u2019s Othello and Verdi\u2019s Otello (its Italian rendering) are both based on Un Capitano Moro, A Moorish Captain, by Giovanni Battista Giraldi. Nicknamed Cinthio, he was an Italian novelist and poet, 1504 \u2013 1573, roughly a generation before Shakespeare\u2019s time. [PAR] Lala Mustafa"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 16 years ago the first woman Speaker was elected by the ... 16 years ago the first woman Speaker was elected by the Commons [PAR] 16 years ago the first woman Speaker was elected by the Commons [PAR] By | Published: April 27, 2008 [PAR] On Monday 27th April 1992 the House of Commons elected its first woman Speaker, Betty Boothroyd. [PAR] I was a rare government Minister voting for a Labour Speaker. I did so because I thought it time a good woman candidate should have the job after 700 years of men, and thought it important that Labour held a great office of state again after 13 years in the wilderness. [PAR] The mood was strange. Many of my Ministerial colleagues were buoyed up by the fourth election victory in a row, and had not detected the feelings of unease and unhappiness on the doorsteps. They did not seem to grasp that the Conservatives won the 1992 election despite the background and the ERM policy, not because of it.It seemed to me it would have been wrong to have flaunted the narrow victory by using the majority to have another Conservative Speaker, especially if that Speaker had been a Cabinet member in the recent past in the same administration that he would need to preside over. [PAR] Enough of my backbench colleagues took the same view, so Betty was elected easily.She proved to be a good Speaker, who brought a fresh approach to the job and was widely liked and respected on all sides of the House. [PAR] This entry was posted in Blog , History . Bookmark the permalink . Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Female Speakers BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Female Speakers [PAR] Female Speakers [PAR] Betty Boothroyd was the first woman to occupy the post of Speaker, but not the Speaker's chair. [PAR] The first women to occupy the Speaker's chair was the Conservative Betty Harvie Anderson, Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means between 1970 and 1973. [PAR] She first presided over Commons proceedings on the 2 July 1970. [PAR] Miss Boothroyd (Labour) became the second woman to sit in the Speaker's chair, first presiding on 9 July 1987 as Second Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means. [PAR] On 17 April 1992 she was elected as the first female Speaker of the House of Commons, a post she held for eight years. [PAR] Following her retirement from the Commons Miss Boothroyd now sits in the House of Lords as Baroness Boothroyd. [PAR] Bookmark with:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cilantro herb nutrition facts and health benefits Cilantro herb nutrition facts and health benefits [PAR] Custom Search [PAR] Cilantro (Coriander leaves) nutrition facts [PAR] Cilantro is one of the popular Mediterranean herb which commonly recognized as leaf-coriander in Asia. It is widely employed in savory dishes in almost all parts of the world. The herb carries many notable plant derived chemical compounds that are known to have disease preventing and health-promoting properties. Plant coriander is quite similar to dill in terms of utility where both its leaves as well as seeds can be used in cuisune. [PAR] Botanically, coriander herb belongs to the family of Apiaceae, in the genus: Coriandrum. Scientific name: Coriandrum sativum. [PAR] Cilantro herb- [PAR] Coriandrum sativum. [PAR] Coriander leaves. Note for ferny pinnate, oval, flat, parsely like leaves at base. [PAR] Cilantro herb is native to the Mediterranean, and Asia Minor (Turkey) regions. It is a perennial herb but grown as annual which requires well-draining, fertile soil supplemented with warm summer climates to flourish. For leaf coriander, the plant is allowed to reach only about 9 to 15 inches in height. If left to grow further, it may reach about 5-7 feet tall, bears umbels of small white or light pink flowers by midsummer, followed by round-oval, numerous, aromatic coriander seeds. [PAR] Leaf-coriander features dark green, hairless, soft leaves that vary in shape broad-lobed near the base, and slender and feathery higher up near its flowering stems. Its leaves and stem possess slightly citrus flavor. [PAR] Coriander seeds feature tiny, yellowish brown, round to oval with vertical ridges and have a flavor that is aromatic, sweet and citrus, but also slightly peppery. [PAR] Health benefits of cilantro leaves (coriander) [PAR] Cilantro herb is very low in calories and contains no cholesterol. However, its deep-green leaves possess good amounts of antioxidants, essential oils, vitamins, and dietary fiber, which may help reduce LDL or \"bad cholesterol\" levels in the blood. [PAR] Its leaves and seeds contain many essential volatile oils such as borneol, linalool, cineole, cymene, terpineol, dipentene, phellandrene, pinene, and terpinolene. [PAR] The leaves and stem tips are also rich in numerous anti-oxidant polyphenolic flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, and epigenin. [PAR] The herb is a good source of minerals like potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and magnesium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that help regulate heart rate and blood pressure. Iron is essential for red blood cell production. Manganese is used by the body as a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. [PAR] It is also rich in many vital vitamins, including folic-acid, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin-A, beta carotene, vitamin-C, which are essential for optimum health. Vitamin-C is a powerful natural antioxidant. 100 g of cilantro leaves provide 30% of daily recommended levels of vitamin-C. [PAR] It provides 6748 IU of vitamin-A per 100 g, about 225% of recommended daily intake. Vitamin-A, an important fat soluble vitamin and anti-oxidant, is also required for maintaining healthy mucusa and skin and is also essential for vision. Consumption of natural foods rich in vitamin-A and flavonoids (carotenes) may help protect from lung and oral cavity cancers. [PAR] Cilantro is one of the richest herbal sources for vitamin K; provide about 258% of DRI. Vitamin-K has a potential role in bone mass building through promotion of osteotrophic activity in the bones. It also has established role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients by limiting neuronal damage in their brain. [PAR] Wonderful! Cilantro leaves provide only 23 calories/100 g, but their phyto-nutrients profile is no less than any superfoods around us! [PAR] This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enid - definition of Enid by The Free Dictionary Enid - definition of Enid by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Enid - definition of Enid by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Enid [PAR] Related to Enid: Enid Blyton [PAR] E\u00b7nid [PAR] In Arthurian legend, the loyal wife of Geraint. [PAR] Enid [PAR] (European Myth & Legend) (in Arthurian legend) the faithful wife of Geraint [PAR] E\u2022nid [PAR] a city in N Oklahoma. 50,363. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] writer [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] The railway was constructed between December 1894, when the first sod was cut by Enid Assheton-Smith (after whom locomotive No. [PAR] gran to lose home in superstore war [PAR] Enid Hutt and her two sons Kevin and Clarke head the business, which offers a wide choice in prints, limited edition and original art from across Scotland and Europe. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Sir Geraint | King Arthur & The Knights of the Round Table Sir Geraint | King Arthur & The Knights of the Round Table [PAR] [PAR] Sir Geraint [PAR] The eldest son of King Erbin of Dumnonia who was a Knight of Devon. After the death of his his wife, Prince Geraint spent much time at King Arthur's Court, looking for action and adventure. It was during this period that he encountered the Sparrow Hawk Knight and came to marry Lady Enid of Caer-Teim (Cardiff), a story told in the ancient tales of \"Erec (alias Geraint) & Enid\" and \"Geraint mab Erbin\". [PAR] Sir Geraint restored Sir Yniol all of his possessions and then married his beautiful daughter, Lady Enid. Later Geraint heard Enid bewailing his sloth as a knight; he was stung with shame and mistakenly believed Enid to be unfaithful to him. He took her on a journey through a series of trials until she convinced him of her constancy. They returned and lived in happiness for the remainder of their lives. [PAR] He inherited the Dumnonian throne in c.497 (or 480) and is recorded as one of the great \"Fleet Owners\" of post-Roman Britain His castle was once called Caer-Gurrel or Fort of the Ship. He died fighting the Saxons with King Arthur at the Battle of Llongborth (Langport, Somerset) around 480/510. This recorded in a long Welsh poem called the \"Elegy for Geraint\"."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First Human-to-Human Heart Transplant is Performed | World ... First Human-to-Human Heart Transplant is Performed | World History Project [PAR] First Human-to-Human Heart Transplant is Performed [PAR] I was 15 years old when Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant. [PAR] I still have the Life magazine cover. My dad was a cardiologist, so the drama carried out in the public's imagination was reinforced by my respect for the practice of medicine and discovery. My ultimate choice of going into surgery and then into heart surgery and then heart transplantation I trace back to that single operation. [PAR] This procedure reversed what had been inevitable death from heart disease, restoring the opportunity of new life. It demonstrated the ability of an individual working with a team to revolutionize health care. The interesting thing is that it was the relatively inexperienced Barnard who made history in the new field. He beat to the punch\u2014and undercut\u2014more systematic and more disciplined scientists and surgeons of the time. Dr. Norman Shumway of Stanford University (who was my mentor) had patiently and with great rigor made a decade of systematic research by writing papers, teaching others and working through the challenges of the procedure. Barnard, who watched some of these procedures being carried out when he trained in the U.S., went back to South Africa and\u2014with very little background and at the age of 45\u2014seized the moment and performed this transplant. His patient died 18 days later, for Barnard was racing ahead of medicine's understanding of tissue rejection. But the pioneering spirit of that operation captured me at the time. [PAR] Frist is majority leader of the U.S. Senate [PAR] Source: Bill Frist Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] 1967: The first human-to-human heart transplant is performed. The operation is a success, but the patient dies after complications set in. [PAR] South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard, who prepared for this day by performing a number of experimental heart transplants involving dogs, led a 30-member surgical team in implanting the heart of a young woman into 53-year-old Louis Washkansky, a Cape Town grocer suffering from diabetes and incurable heart disease. [PAR] Washkansky received the heart of Denise Darvall, a 25-year-old bank clerk who was left brain-dead following an automobile accident the day before. She was removed from life support, and her father gave permission for her heart to be given to Washkansky. [PAR] The transplant, performed at Cape Town's Groote Schuur Hospital, was a success. Washkansky's body did not reject the heart, due in large part to the immunosuppressive drugs he received. But those drugs also weakened his immune system, and he contracted double pneumonia, which killed him 18 days after the transplant. [PAR] Barnard, who became an international celebrity (and reveled in it) as a result of the transplant, soldiered on. Over the next several years he performed additional heart transplants, with the survival times for his patients gradually improving. One patient, Dorothy Fisher, survived for 24 years after receiving a new heart in 1969. [PAR] Other surgeons, however, weren't as bullish on transplant surgery, because of the high risk of organ rejection by the recipient. It wasn't until cyclosporine came into widespread use in the early 1980s that an effective means of reducing that risk was found. After that, organ-transplant surgery took off. [PAR] Barnard, meanwhile, became more interested in anti-aging research, and his reputation took a hit when he lent his name to Glycel, an anti-aging skin cream that in the end did nothing at all to slow the process. Barnard died in 2001. [PAR] Source: Tony Long Added by: Kevin Rogers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Uxoricide - definition of uxoricide by The Free Dictionary Uxoricide - definition of uxoricide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Uxoricide - definition of uxoricide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/uxoricide [PAR] 1. The killing of a wife by her spouse. [PAR] 2. One who kills one's wife. [PAR] [Medieval Latin ux\u014dric\u012bdium : Latin uxor, wife + Latin -c\u012bdium, -cide.] [PAR] uxoricide [PAR] 1. the act of killing one's wife [PAR] 2. a person who kills his or her wife [PAR] [C19: from Latin uxor wife + -cide] [PAR] ux\u02ccori\u02c8cidal adj [PAR] (\u028ck\u02c8s\u0254r \u0259\u02ccsa\u026ad, -\u02c8so\u028ar-, \u028cg\u02c8z\u0254r-, -\u02c8zo\u028ar-) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. the act of murdering one's wife. [PAR] 2. a man who murders his wife. [PAR] [1855\u201360; < Latin \u016bxor wife + -i- + -cide ] [PAR] ux\u2022o`ri\u2022cid\u2032al, adj. [PAR] uxoricide [PAR] 1. the killing of one\u2019s wife. [PAR] 2. a person who has killed his wife. \u2014 uxoricidal, adj. [PAR] 1. the murder of a wife by a husband. [PAR] 2. a husband who murders his wife. \u2014 uxoricidal, adj."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clare People: Eamon De Valera - Clare County Library Clare People: Eamon De Valera [PAR] Eamon De Valera [PAR] (1882-1975) [PAR] Eamon de Valera was born in Manhattan, New York, on 14th October 1882. His father was Juan de Valera, a Spaniard who had studied to be a sculptor but due to ill-health he had reverted to teaching music. In September 1881, Juan de Valera had married Kate Coll from Knockmore, near Bruree, Co. Limerick, a young girl who had emigrated to America two years earlier. His father died when de Valera was only two years old and his mother decided that her son would be better off at home in Ireland. She sent him to be reared by his grandmother, Elizabeth Coll, who lived in a labourer\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds cottage at Knockmore. [PAR] De Valera attended the national school at Bruree and from there went to the Christian Brother\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds School at Charleville. He walked the seven miles there and back everyday since the Coll\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds could not afford a bicycle. At 16, he won a scholarship to Blackrock College, Co. Dublin. He went on to become a professor of mathematics and lectured part-time at Maynooth and various Dublin colleges. At school and later he was a keen rugby player. [PAR] In 1908, he joined the Gaelic League, the beginning of his life-long devotion to Irish. One of his teachers was Sinead Flanagan, herself a teacher and four years his senior. They fell in love and were married in January 1910. De Valera joined the Irish Volunteers at their first meeting in 1913. He took part in the landing of guns from the Asgard in July 1914. He commanded the Boland\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Mills garrison during the 1916 rising. After the surrender he was sentenced to death, but later it was decided to sentence him to life imprisonment instead. In prison, de Valera began to show his leadership qualities. De Valera was released from prison in June 1917 and was elected Sinn Fein deputy for East Clare. At the Sinn Fein Ard-Fheis in October 1917, de Valera was elected President of the party and at the end of the same month he was elected President of the Irish Volunteers. When the British Government proposed to extend conscription to Ireland in early 1918, de Valera led the successful opposition to this proposal. On 17 May 1918, De Valera was arrested and deported for internment to England, where he was to remain up to February 1919. [PAR] While he was in jail he was elected for East Clare in the general election. On 21 January 1919, the assembled deputies met in the Mansion House, Dublin, and formally set up the Government for the Irish Republic. After his escape from Lincoln Jail on 3 February 1919, de Valera returned briefly to Ireland and was elected President of the Dail. [PAR] Early in June 1919, he travelled to the U.S.A. to seek financial and political support for an independent Ireland. He returned to Ireland in December 1920 to take his place as the President of Ireland. From the very start the Dail had to face a number of serious problems, the lack of experience of the new government. The War of Independence was raging at this time with the regular British forces being assisted by the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBlack and Tans\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. The \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBlack and Tans\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd were ex-army men brought into Ireland to assist the British in the War of Independence. A truce was declared on 11 July and negotiations were opened with the English Prime Minister, Lloyd George, and his government leading up to the signing of the Anglo-Irish"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Polo Terms. The A to Z of Polo. International ... Glossary of Polo Terms. The A to Z of Polo. International Polo, Polo Argentina [PAR] You are in page: Home > All About Polo > Glossary of Polo Terms [PAR] Glossary of Polo Terms [PAR] The A to Z of Polo [PAR] Appealing Claims by players for a foul generally expressed by the raising of mallets above the head or by a helicoptering motion. Over demonstrative appealing is considered very bad form. [PAR] Back The number 4 in a polo team is invariable referred to as the 'Back' rather than by his number. [PAR] Backshot The number 4 in a polo team is invariable referred to as the 'Back' rather than by his number. [PAR] Ball White and made of plastic. It weighs four and a half ounces and is three and a half inches in diameter. [PAR] Bandages Bandages or leg wraps used on ponies for support and protection. [PAR] Bell or hooter This is situated off the side of the field and is rung by the timekeeper to inform umpires when seven minutes of play in a chukka have elapsed. [PAR] Bowl-in When the umpire starts or resumes play by rolling the ball down the centre of a line up of players. [PAR] Bump A player is permitted to ride off another to spoil his shot or to remove him from the play. The angle of contact must be no more than 45 degrees. The faster the pony travels, the smaller the angle must be. A good bump can shake discs and dentures loose. [PAR] Check and turn Slowing a pony down, to turn safely. [PAR] Chukka There are six chukkas (periods) in high handicap matches, each lasting seven minutes plus up to 30 seconds of overtime. If, during the extra 30 seconds, the ball hits the sideboards or goes out of bounds, or if the umpire blows his whistle for a foul, the chukka is over. There is no overtime at the end of the final chukka unless the score is tied. Players return to the field each chukka with a fresh pony. Chukka comes from the Indian word for a circle or round. [PAR] Divots Turf kicked up by ponies' hooves. [PAR] Ends The back lines of a polo pitch. Teams change ends, i.e. switch the halves they defend, each time a goal is scored in order to equalise wind and turf conditions. [PAR] Equipment Hard helmets for players are compulsory. Knee-pads, whips and spurs are optional. [PAR] Field A full size polo field is 300 yards by 160 yards, or the area of three soccer pitches. The goal posts, which collapse on severe impact, are set eight yards apart. [PAR] Goal Any time the ball crosses, at any height, the line between the goal posts, it is considered a goal regardless of who knocks it through, including the pony. [PAR] Goal Judge An unofficial goal observer appointed to signal a goal (flag over head) or no-goal (flag under waist). [PAR] Handicap All players are rated on a scale of -2 to 10 (the higher the better). Although the word 'goal' is often used after the rating, it bears no relation to the number of goals a player scores in a match, but to his overall playing ability. A player's horsemanship, range of strokes, speed of play, team and game sense are the factors considered in determining his handicap. The team handicap is the sum of its players' handicaps. (2 x 4 \u00f7 6) In handicap matches of six chukkas, the team"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Lakes | lake system, North America | Britannica.com Great Lakes | lake system, North America | Britannica.com [PAR] lake system, North America [PAR] Rush\u2013Bagot Agreement [PAR] Great Lakes, chain of deep freshwater lakes in east-central North America comprising Lakes Superior , Michigan , Huron , Erie , and Ontario . They are one of the great natural features of the continent and of the Earth . Although Lake Baikal in Russia has a larger volume of water, the combined area of the Great Lakes\u2014some 94,250 square miles (244,106 square kilometres)\u2014represents the largest surface of fresh water in the world, covering an area exceeding that of the United Kingdom . Their drainage basin of about 295,710 square miles (which includes the areas of the lakes themselves and their connecting waterways) extends approximately 690 miles from north to south and about 860 miles from Lake Superior in the west to Lake Ontario in the east. Except for Lake Michigan, the lakes provide a natural border between Canada and the United States , a frontier that was stabilized by a boundary-waters treaty of 1909. It is a source of pride for both countries that there are no fortifications or warships along the boundary. [PAR] Marquette Harbor Lighthouse on Lake Superior, Marquette, Michigan. [PAR] Dale Fisher, US Army Corps of Engineers [PAR] The Great Lakes and their drainage basin. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Individually, the lakes rank among the 14 largest in the world . They played a central role in the European colonization and development of North America and for decades have attracted people and industry; Lakes Erie and Ontario and the southern portion of Lake Michigan are now ringed with large population concentrations. The lakes have not benefited from this development, however, and have been seriously affected by pollution . Concern over the fate of the lakes reached a high pitch in the late 20th century, with both the U.S. and the Canadian governments and individuals investigating methods for reversing the consequences of years of misuse of the lakes\u2019 waters. [PAR] Areas and volumes of the Great Lakes [PAR] surface area [PAR] Lake Michigan [PAR] The Great Lakes form the western portion of the larger St. Lawrence hydrographic system. This system extends generally eastward from the St. Louis River in Minnesota (which flows into Lake Superior), through the lakes and the St. Lawrence River, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of St. Lawrence. For a discussion of the system east of Lake Ontario, see Saint Lawrence River and Seaway . [PAR] Physical features [PAR] Geology [PAR] The age of the Great Lakes is still not definitely determined. Estimates range from 7,000 to 32,000 years of age. Water began filling the glacially scoured basins as soon as the ice receded, some 14,000 years ago. It is generally accepted that Lake Erie reached its present level about 10,000 years ago, Lake Ontario about 7,000 years ago, and Lakes Huron, Michigan , and Superior some 3,000 years ago. [PAR] The present configuration of the Great Lakes basin is the result of the movement of massive glaciers through the mid-continent, a process that began about one million years ago during the Pleistocene Epoch . Studies in the Lake Superior region indicate that a river system and valleys formed by water erosion existed before the Ice Age. The glaciers undoubtedly scoured these valleys, widening and deepening them and radically changing the drainage of the area. [PAR] The last glaciation in North America is called the Wisconsin Glacial Stage because it left many fresh landforms and sediments in that state. As"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ON THIS DAY - 1975: Tories Choose First Woman Leader BBC ON THIS DAY | 11 | 1975: Tories choose first woman leader [PAR] 1975: Tories choose first woman leader [PAR] The British Conservative Party has chosen Margaret Thatcher as its new leader. [PAR] She will be the first woman to head a British political party after a landslide victory over the other four - male - candidates. [PAR] Mrs Thatcher - who served as Secretary of State for Science and Education in Ted Heath's Government - exclaimed \"It's like a dream.\" [PAR] The MP for Finchley, north London, since 1959 rejected suggestions of great celebrations. [PAR] It's like a dream [PAR] Margaret Thatcher [PAR] She said: \"Good heavens, no. There's far too much work to be done.\" [PAR] Mrs Thatcher, 50, forced Ted Heath to resign as leader last week when she trounced him in the first round of the leadership race with 130 votes to his 119. [PAR] Conservative Party confidence in Mr Heath - prime minister from 1970 to 1974 - was rattled by his failure to win general elections in both February and October last year. [PAR] Chairman of the influential 1922 Backbench Committee - whose 276 members are largely responsible for deciding party leaders - Edward du Cann, told BBC Television: \"We have a new and rather exciting leader. Mrs Thatcher will make the Tory Party distinctive.\" [PAR] At a press conference at the House of Commons the new leader thanked her campaign team and looked forward to retaining Ted Heath and other members of the current Shadow Cabinet, though probably not in the same jobs. [PAR] Mrs Thatcher - a mother of twins married to Denis, an oil executive - put in a brief appearance at a party in Pimlico before having a working dinner with Conservative Chief Whip Humphrey Atkins in Westminster. [PAR] Former Northern Ireland Minister Willie Whitelaw was her closest challenger, but still only gained 79 votes in comparison to the 146 she polled in the second ballot of the contest. [PAR] The other candidates were Sir Geoffrey Howe, QC, and Mr Prior who each received 19 votes and John Peyton trailed in last with just 11 votes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guadalupe Island - YouTube Guadalupe Island - YouTube [PAR] Guadalupe Island [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 19, 2010 [PAR] Guadalupe Island, or Isla Guadalupe (29\u00b002\u203220\u2033N 118\u00b016\u203241\u2033W / 29.039\u00b0N 118.278\u00b0W / 29.039; -118.278Coordinates: 29\u00b002\u203220\u2033N 118\u00b016\u203241\u2033W / 29.039\u00b0N 118.278\u00b0W / 29.039; -118.278) is a volcanic island located 241 kilometers (150 statute miles) off the west coast of Mexico's Baja California peninsula and some 400 kilometers (250 statute miles) southwest of the city of Ensenada in Baja California state, in the Pacific Ocean. The two other Mexican island groups in the Pacific Ocean that are not on the continental shelf are Revillagigedo Islands and Rocas Alijos. ( source Wikipedia ) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hyperopia | definition of hyperopia by Medical dictionary Hyperopia | definition of hyperopia by Medical dictionary [PAR] Hyperopia | definition of hyperopia by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperopia [PAR] Related to hyperopia: latent hyperopia [PAR] Hyperopia [PAR] [PAR] Definition [PAR] Hyperopia (farsightedness) is the condition of the eye where incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image. [PAR] Description [PAR] When light goes through transparent but dense material like the materials of the eye's lens system (the lens and cornea), its velocity decreases. If the surface of the dense material is not perpendicular to the incoming light, as is the case with the curved surfaces on lenses and corneas, the direction of the light changes. The greater the curvature of the lens system, the greater the change in the direction of the light. [PAR] When parallel light rays from an object go through the lens system of the eye, they are bent so they converge at a point some distance behind the lens. With perfect vision this point of convergence, where the light rays are focused, is on the retina. This happens when the cumulative curvature of the lens plus cornea and the distance from the lens to the retina are just right for each other. The condition where the point of focus of parallel light rays from an object is behind the retina is called hyperopia. This condition exists when the combined curvature of the lens and cornea is insufficient (e.g., flatter than needed for the length of the eyeball). This condition can be equivalently described by saying hyperopia exists when the eyeball is too short for the curvature of its lens system. [PAR] There is a connection between the focusing of the lens of the eye (accommodation) and convergence of the eyes (the two eyes turning in to point at a close object). The best example is during reading. The lens accommodates to make the close-up material clear and the eyes turn in to look at the print and keep it single. Because of this connection between accommodation and convergence, if the lens needs to accommodate to focus for distance (to bring the image back onto the retina) the eyes may appear to turn in even when looking at the distance. This can cause a condition known as accommodative esotropia in children. The eyes turn in and the cause is accommodation because of hyperopia. [PAR] Causes and symptoms [PAR] Babies are generally born slightly hyperopic. This tends to decrease with age. There is normal variation in eyeball length and curvature of the lens and cornea. Some combinations of these variables give rise to eyes where the cornea is too flat for the distance between the cornea and the retina. If the hyperopia is not too severe the lens may be able to accommodate and bring the image back onto the retina. This would result in clear distance vision, but the constant focusing might result in headaches or eyestrain. If the lens cannot accommodate for the full amount of the hyperopia the distance image would be blurry. [PAR] If the eyes are focusing for distance and now the person is looking at a near object, the eyes need to accommodate further. This may result in blurry near objects or headaches during near work. [PAR] Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is a condition of the eye where incoming rays of light impinge on the retina before converging into a focused image, resulting in difficulty seeing nearby objects clearly. [PAR] (Illustration by Electronic Illustrators Group.) [PAR] Depending upon the amount of hyperopia, symptoms can range from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Liam's idol: SpongeBob | Metro News Liam's idol: SpongeBob | Metro News [PAR] metrowebukmetro Friday 29 Aug 2008 9:40 am [PAR] Liam Gallagher has apparently revealed he thinks he and SpongeBob SquarePants are soulmates. [PAR] The Oasis singer believes he and the cartoon character live parallel lives and so has commissioned a portrait of SpongeBob to hang next to those of his other idols, Elvis and Jimi Hendrix, reports The Sun. [PAR] Liam Gallagher loves SpongeBob SquarePants [PAR] Liam apparently told Q magazine: \u201c\u201dSpongeBob is a f****** mental, full-of-beans, enthusiastic sponge that lives at the bottom of the sea in Bikini Bottom. He\u2019s mad for it. [PAR] \u201cHe\u2019s got a mate called Squidward, who plays the clarinet and is grumpy like our kid Noel. I\u2019m having a huge painting done at the minute, a proper Andy Warhol-style portrait of SpongeBob. [PAR] \u201cHe\u2019ll be facing Elvis and Hendrix in the living room.\u201d [PAR] The Manchunian revealed a further fishy connection, claiming he is known as the Salmon King at his local pub in the English boating town of Henley. [PAR] He said: \u201cI f****** love Henley. I go into my local and say, \u2018I am The Salmon King, stand back\u2019.\u201d [PAR] More[DOC] [TLE] Gallagher loves cartoon character, wants its portrait ... Gallagher loves cartoon character, wants its portrait - Thaindian News [PAR] Thaindian News [PAR] Gallagher loves cartoon character, wants its portrait [PAR] August 29th, 2008 - 1:17 pm ICT by IANS [PAR] Tweet [PAR] London, Aug 29 (IANS) Oasis singer Liam Gallagher is so obsessed with the cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants that he has commissioned an artist to paint its huge portrait.Thesun.co.uk reports that the painting will be displayed alongside rock icons Elvis and Jimi Hendrix\u2019s pictures in his living room. Gallagher in the past has been pretty open about his fondness for the cartoon character and even appeared for the premiere of \u201cSpongeBob\u201d in 2005. [PAR] He said: \u201cSpongeBob is a f****** mental, full-of-beans, enthusiastic sponge that lives at the bottom of the sea in Bikini Bottom. He\u2019s mad for it. He\u2019s got a mate called Squidward, who plays the clarinet and is grumpy like our kid Noel. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019m having a huge painting done at the minute, a proper Andy Warhol-style portrait of SpongeBob. He\u2019ll be facing Elvis and Hendrix in the living room.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Waterfalls - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park ... Waterfalls - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Waterfalls [PAR] Waterfalls [PAR] Waterfalls [PAR] Yosemite is home to countless waterfalls. The best time to see waterfalls is during spring, when most of the snowmelt occurs. Peak runoff typically occurs in May or June, with some waterfalls (including Yosemite Falls) often only a trickle or completely dry by August. Storms in late fall rejuvenate some of the waterfalls and all of them accumulate frost along their edges many nights during the winter. [PAR] This is not a complete list of Yosemite's waterfalls. While all but the last two of the waterfalls listed below are in Yosemite Valley, both Yosemite Valley and many other areas of the park have waterfalls both big and small. [PAR] [PAR] Yosemite Falls (2,425 ft) [PAR] Flows: approximately November through July, with peak flow in May. [PAR] Look for the ice cone at the base of the upper fall during winter and for roaring runoff April through June. Yosemite Falls, one of the world's tallest, is actually made up of three separate falls: Upper Yosemite Fall (1,430 feet), the middle cascades (675 feet), and Lower Yosemite Fall (320 feet). [PAR] You can see Yosemite Falls from numerous places around Yosemite Valley, especially around Yosemite Village and Yosemite Valley Lodge (formerly Yosemite Lodge). A one-mile loop trail leads to the base of Lower Yosemite Fall (the eastern side of the loop, from the shuttle stop to the base of the waterfall, is wheelchair accessible). [PAR] It's also possible to hike to the top of Yosemite Falls as a strenuous, all-day hike ( see a list of Valley day hikes ). [PAR] Check out the Yosemite Falls webcam for a current view of the waterfall! [PAR] Sentinel Falls (about 2,000 feet) [PAR] Flows: approximately March through June, with peak flow in May. [PAR] This waterfall is located on the south side of Yosemite Valley, just west of Sentinel Rock. It is comprised of multiple cascades, which range in height from 50 - 500 feet. [PAR] You can see this waterfall from areas along Southside Drive near the Sentinel Beach Picnic Area, and near the Four Mile Trailhead. Alternatively, you can view it from across Yosemite Valley near Leidig Meadow, or while hiking the Upper Yosemite Fall Trail. [PAR] [PAR] Ribbon Fall (1,612 feet) [PAR] Flows: approximately March through June, with peak flow in May. [PAR] You can see Ribbon Fall from the road as you drive into Yosemite Valley, just beyond the turn for Bridalveil Fall (parking is available in turnouts). [PAR] [PAR] Horsetail Fall (1,000 feet) [PAR] Flows: approximately December through April. [PAR] Horsetail Fall is famous for appearing to be on fire when it reflects the orange glow of sunset in mid- to late-February. It falls off of the east side of El Capitan and is best seen from just east of El Capitan. [PAR] To see Horsetail Fall, park at the El Capitan picnic area (on Northside Drive west of Yosemite Valley Lodge, formerly Yosemite Lodge) or in turnouts just east of the picnic area. You can see the waterfall from the road. [PAR] [PAR] Bridalveil Fall (620 feet) [PAR] Flows: all year, with peak flow in May. [PAR] This is often the first waterfall visitors see when entering Yosemite Valley. In spring, it thunders; during the rest of the year, look for its characteristic light, swaying flow. [PAR] You can see Bridalveil Fall from near the tunnels on the Wawona Road (Highway 41) or Big Oak Flat Road (Highway 120) and from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Three-Dimensional Shapes | SkillsYouNeed Three-Dimensional Shapes | SkillsYouNeed [PAR] Three-Dimensional Shapes [PAR] You'll get our 5 free [PAR] 'One Minute Life Skills' [PAR] We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time. [PAR] [PAR] See also: Properties of Polygons [PAR] This page examines the properties of three-dimensional or \u2018solid\u2019 shapes. [PAR] A two-dimensional shape has length and width. A three-dimensional solid shape also has depth. Three-dimensional shapes, by their nature, have an inside and an outside, separated by a surface. All physical items, things you can touch, are three-dimensional. [PAR] This page covers both straight-sided solids called polyhedrons, which are based on polygons, and solids with curves, such as globes, cylinders and cones. [PAR] Polyhedrons [PAR] Polyhedrons (or polyhedra) are straight-sided solid shapes. Polyhedrons are based on polygons, two dimensional plane shapes with straight lines. [PAR] See our page Properties of Polygons for more about working with polygons. [PAR] Polyhedrons are defined as having: [PAR] Straight edges. [PAR] Flat sides called faces. [PAR] Corners, called vertices. [PAR] Polyhedrons are also often defined by the number of edges, faces and vertices they have, as well as whether their faces are all the same shape and size. Like polygons, polyhedrons can be regular (based on regular polygons) or irregular (based on irregular polygons). Polyhedrons can also be concave or convex. [PAR] One of the most basic and familiar polyhedrons is the cube. A cube is a regular polyhedron, having six square faces, 12 edges, and eight vertices. [PAR] Regular Polyhedrons (Platonic Solids) [PAR] The five regular solids are a special class of polyhedrons, all of whose faces are identical with each face being a regular polygon. The platonic solids are: [PAR] Tetrahedron with four equilateral triangle faces. [PAR] Cube with six square faces. [PAR] Octahedron with eight equilateral triangle faces. [PAR] Dodecahedron with twelve pentagon faces. [PAR] Icosahedron with twenty equilateral triangle faces. [PAR] See the diagram above for an illustration of each of these regular polyhedrons. [PAR] What is a Prism? [PAR] A prism is any polyhedron that has two matching ends and flat sides. If you cut a prism anywhere along its length, parallel to an end, its cross-section is the same - you would end up with two prisms. The sides of a prism are parallelograms - four-sided shapes with two pairs of sides with equal length. [PAR] Antiprisms are similar to regular prisms, their ends match. However the sides of anti-prisms are made up of triangles and not parallelograms. Antiprisms can become very complex. [PAR] What is a Pyramid? [PAR] A pyramid is a polyhedron with a polygon base that connects to an apex (top point) with straight sides. [PAR] Although we tend to think of pyramids with a square base, like the ones that the ancient Egyptians built, they can in fact have any polygon base, regular or irregular. Furthermore, a pyramid can have an apex in the direct centre of its base, a Right Pyramid, or can have the apex off centre when it's an Oblique Pyramid. [PAR] More Complex Polyhedrons [PAR] There are many more types of polyhedra: symmetrical and asymmetrical, concave and convex. [PAR] Archimedean solids, for example, are made up of at least two different regular polygons. [PAR] The truncated cube (as illustrated) is an Archimedean solid with 14 faces. 6 of the faces are regular octagons and the other 8 are regular (equilateral) triangles. The shape has 36 edges and 24 vertices (corners). [PAR] Three-Dimensional Shapes with Curves [PAR] Solid shapes which include a curved or round edge are not polyhedrons. Polyhedrons can only have straight"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Complete Guide to Buying Heels | eBay The Complete Guide to Buying Heels | eBay [PAR] The Complete Guide to Buying Heels [PAR] Share [PAR] March 3, 2016 [PAR] High heels have been worn for centuries. They are popular for making a woman's legs look long and slender as well as creating a classy, formal look. These shoes are defined as having a heel that is notably thicker or taller than the sole on the rest of the shoe, or as a sole that is designed to add height to the wearer, such as a platform shoe. Heels have several different variations of types and designs that vary in comfort and style. This guide will go over the different types, styles, and comfort levels of each heel, therefore, making the buying process easier. [PAR] History of High Heels [PAR] High heels originated in Egypt around 3,500 B.C. Murals that were painted on walls depicted the higher-class citizens wearing heels during ceremonies and events. High heels were not just used for fashion or symbolic purposes, though. The Egyptian butchers also wore high heels so that they could walk through the slime and blood that spilled onto the floor. [PAR] In Greece, citizens wore platform sandals called kothorni, which were later called buskins during the Renaissance period. In the ancient Greek plays, heels symbolized the different social statuses. The higher heels represented the upper-class and the lower heels or barefooted actors were representing the lower-class citizens. In Rome, heels had quite the opposite symbolism. Roman prostitutes were easily identified by their high heels. [PAR] In the 15th century, platform shoes from seven to thirty inches tall became popular and this trend lasted until the mid-17th century. These extremely tall shoes were called chopines. The chopines were overshoes. They attached to regular shoes to keep the wearers out of the dirt and mud. The shoes were so tall that women had to walk with the assistance of a cane or a servant. Chopines were a symbol of status and wealth in Europe and were often ridiculed for their impractical height. [PAR] Types of Heels [PAR] Heels come in several shapes and sizes. A typical high heel is two to five inches tall and is a spike, platform, or wedge. Each one has different advantages and disadvantage which are listed in the chart below: [PAR] Heel [PAR] Cone Heels [PAR] Cone heels come in all heights from short to tall. The heels are wider where they meet the sole and then narrow as they go down. They are slightly more comfortable than the stilettos because there is more support for the heels of the feet but they still offer no stabilization. [PAR] Stiletto Heels [PAR] Stilettos feature long, thin heels that are between two to ten inches high. They are generally not comfortable because the heels are so narrow that it provides no stabilization. The wearer is forced to place all of her weight onto her toes. Stilettos are popular for making legs look long and toned. [PAR] Wedge Heels [PAR] Wedge heels range from one and half to six inches tall. The heels are not separate from the rest of the sole as they are all one piece. They provide more support for feet and a little bit more stabilization than heels that are separated from the soul. [PAR] Wedge, platform, kitten, and spool heals are the best options when standing or walking for longer periods of time. All of the heels can be on shoes that are formal or informal so they can all be worn for any occasion."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alan Alda - Biography - IMDb Alan Alda - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Alan Alda [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 87 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (63) | Personal Quotes (13) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' 2\" (1.88 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Alan Alda was born on January 28, 1936 in The Bronx, New York City, New York, USA as Alphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo. He is known for his work on M*A*S*H (1972), The Aviator (2004) and What Women Want (2000). He has been married to Arlene Alda since March 15, 1957. They have three children. [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 15 March 1957 - present) (3 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (5) [PAR] Often plays ambitious authority figures that are corrupt and unethical [PAR] New York Accent [PAR] His films often reflect his liberal political views [PAR] The role of Captain Benjamin Franklin \"Hawkeye\" Pierce on M*A*S*H (1972). [PAR] Thick, nasally voice. [PAR] Trivia (63) [PAR] He did not sign on to play Hawkeye Pierce on M*A*S*H (1972) until 6 hours before filming began on the pilot episode. [PAR] He commuted from his home in New Jersey to LA every weekend for 11 years while starring in M*A*S*H (1972). His wife and daughters lived in NJ, and he did not want to uproot the family to LA, especially because he did not know how long the show would last. [PAR] Son of Robert Alda and Joan Brown, a former Miss New York pageant winner. [PAR] He, father Robert Alda and half-brother Antony Alda appeared together in an episode of M*A*S*H (1972), \"Lend a Hand\", during Season 8. Robert had previously appeared in \"The Consultant\" in Season 3. [PAR] Alda almost turned down the role of Hawkeye Pierce on M*A*S*H (1972) because he did not want war to be a \"backdrop for lighthearted hijinks... \"I wanted to show that the war was a bad place to be.\". [PAR] Suffered from a severe case of polio as a young child. At its worst point he was only able to move his left arm. He received treatment originally developed by Australian polio expert, nurse Sister Kenny , subject of the movie Sister Kenny (1946). [PAR] Alan and his wife Arlene Alda have three daughters: Eve (born on December 12, 1958), Elizabeth Alda (born on August 20, 1960) and Beatrice Alda (born on August 10, 1961). [PAR] 1975 People's Choice Award: Favourite Male TV-Performer [PAR] Studied at Fordham University in New York [PAR] Earned a reported $200,000 a week for M*A*S*H (1972) in 1980. [PAR] \"If you work very, very hard, this is the kind of actor, writer, and director you may turn out to be. And if you work extra hard, this is the kind of person you may turn out to be.\" - James Lipton , to students at New School University, where Alda gave an interview. [PAR] To show the horrors of war in a television sit-com, Alda had it written into his contract that one scene of every episode must take place in the operating room while surgery occured. [PAR] Is the first person ever to win Emmys for acting, writing, and directing. (He accomplished wins in all three categories for his work on M*A*S*H (1972) before the ending of the series). [PAR] Studied at the Sorbonne during his junior year of college. [PAR] Served in the U. S. Army, and he went AWOL every weekend because he was dating the woman that he ultimately married, Arlene Alda . [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Philandering English Monarchs - Listverse Top 10 Philandering English Monarchs - Listverse [PAR] Top 10 Philandering English Monarchs [PAR] Kiri Derrick [PAR] April 21, 2011 [PAR] In celebration of the upcoming royal wedding I have prepared a list to celebrate another British royal tradition \u2013 the mistress. Mistresses have been recognized since written history began. Traditionally a mistress was a woman who was kept, as a lover, by a man who could afford to maintain her lifestyle, the better the mistress the more costly the upkeep. Young women, and often their families, would work to attract the richest and most powerful lovers for the money and status that came with him. Usually this was outside of the mans marriage, but often the wife was aware of the mistress and accepted her presence as the social norm. This does not include women who may have spent a night with a king, but any woman who was kept as a mistress for any length of time. This list will look at 10 of the most prolific philandering English Monarchs and the women they kept. [PAR] 10 [PAR] William IV [PAR] 1 Mistress [PAR] William IV was king of the United Kingdom for 20 years, but while he was Duke of Clarence he lived with his mistress, an Irish actress named Dorothea Jordan . They never married as they needed permission from the king in order to have a legitimate wedding. They were said to be very much in love and together they had 10 children George FitzClarence 1st Earl of Munster (1794), Henry Edward (1795), Sophia Sidney Baroness De L\u2019Isle and Dudley (1796), Lady Mary Fox (1798), Lieutenant General Lord Frederick FitzClarence (1799), Elizabeth Hay Countess of Erroll (1801), Rear-Admiral Lord Adolphus FitzClarence (1802), Lady Augusta Hallyburton (1803), Lord Augustus FitzClarence (1805) and Amelia Cary Viscountess Falkland (1807). The relationship ended badly in 1811, Dorothea claimed that the split was due to money problems. The surname FitzClarence come from FitzRoy, an Anglo-Norman name meaning \u201cson of the king\u201d. Different versions of this name were used by many royals as a surname for their illegitimate children. [PAR] 9 [PAR] George I [PAR] 2 Mistresses [PAR] George I came to Britain from Hanover in 1714, after he inherited the throne, and with him he brought his two long-established mistresses. He had divorced his wife Sophia Dorothea of Celle in 1694, and had her imprisoned in the Castle of Ahlden for the rest of her life, after a scandalous affair. Her lover, Philip Christoph von K\u00f6nigsmarck, disappeared one morning never to be seen again, and years later two men confessed that George had paid them to kill him and dump his body in a river. His first mistress was Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, nicknamed \u201cThe Maypole\u201d because she was so thin. Together they had three Illegitimate children: Anna Luise Sophie von der Schulenburg Countess of D\u00f6litz (1692), Melusina von der Schulenburg Countess of Walsingham (1693) and Margaret Gertrude von der Schulenburg, Countess of Oeynhausen (1701). After Georges death she kept a pet raven which she believed was George\u2019s re-incarnated soul. George\u2019s second mistress, Sophia von Kielmansegg, was nicknamed \u201cThe Elephant\u201d due to her portly size. In European royalty inbreeding was prolific as families struggled to keep their wealth and power, however this was usually a match between cousins. Sophia was actually George\u2019s illegitimate half-sister as they were both children of Ernest Augustus Elector of Hanover. Sophia\u2019s family have denied she slept with George, but it was common knowledge at British court she was his mistress. Both women were George\u2019s mistresses"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who) | Wiki | Everipedia, the ... \" Partners in Crime \" [PAR] \"Voyage of the Damned\" is an episode of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who . First broadcast on 25 December 2007, it is 72 minutes long and the third Christmas special since the show's revival in 2005. The narrative continues from the final scenes of both \" Last of the Time Lords \" and the mini-episode \" Time Crash \", when a luxury space liner called the Titanic, a pastiche of the historical ocean liner , breached the walls of the TARDIS . The ship's captain, Hardaker ( Geoffrey Palmer ), sabotages the ship shortly after the Titanic's collision with the TARDIS. The Doctor ( David Tennant ) works with a waitress named Astrid Peth ( Kylie Minogue ) to prevent an imminent collision with Earth. [PAR] The episode features the only performance in Doctor Who by the Australian singer and actress Kylie Minogue . Executive producer and writer Russell T Davies described her casting as a \"very exceptional case\", having written the part of Astrid specifically for Minogue. On its original airdate, \"Voyage of the Damned\" was watched by 13.31 million viewers, the highest viewing figure for Doctor Who since the 1979 serial City of Death and as of December 2015 it still has the highest viewership of any episode since the show's revival. It was the second most-watched programme of 2007, beaten only by the episode of EastEnders which aired immediately after it. Critical opinion about the episode was divided; the writing and Minogue's performance were both praised and criticised. [PAR] Plot [PAR] The episode opens immediately following the events of \" Time Crash \", with the bow of the Titanic crashing into the TARDIS . The Doctor repairs the damage before landing the TARDIS on the ship. He discovers it's not the famed RMS Titanic , but instead is a starliner hailing from the planet Sto . [PAR] The Titanic is orbiting present day Earth to observe the traditions of primitive cultures, specifically Christmas. The Doctor dons a tuxedo and joins the reception on board, meeting waitress Astrid Peth. The Doctor convinces Astrid to join him on a brief excursion to the surface of Earth. They are accompanied by married couple Morvin and Foon Van Hoff, a Zocci named Bannakaffalatta, and historian and guide Mr. Copper. While on Earth, specifically a commercial district of London, the Doctor notes that London seems abandoned, and questions a man in a newspaper stand about it. The man, Wilfred Mott , tells the Doctor that most people have left London because of the previous two years of alien activity in London on Christmas (\" The Christmas Invasion \" and \" The Runaway Bride \"). [PAR] Back on the Titanic, Captain Hardaker dismisses the ship's officers from the bridge. Citing regulations, that require at least two officers remain on the bridge at all times, Midshipman Alonso Frame stays. After the group returns from their excursion, Hardaker drops the vessel's protective shielding and magnetises the hull. This causes nearby meteors to be pulled toward the ship on a collision course. Midshipman Frame attempts to reactivate the shields but is shot by Hardaker as the meteors collide with the ship. The collision causes hull breaches, most of the 2,000 passengers and staff are killed, and the vessel begins plunging toward the Earth. The Doctor makes contact with the wounded Midshipman Frame, who stabilises and maintains the power from the damaged engines. [PAR] The Doctor and the rest of the excursion party attempt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1587 The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1587 [PAR] The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1587 [PAR] Printer Friendly Version >>> [PAR] Mary's troubles began six days after her birth in 1542. It was on that day that her father, King James V of Scotland, died and the infant was declared Queen of the Scots. She was immediately thrust into a caldron of political turmoil containing a broiling mix of the long-standing enmity between Scotland and England, the fragility of the Tudor succession to the English throne, England's rivalry with France, and the religious violence between Catholics and Protestants. [PAR] Young Mary [PAR] As the great-granddaughter of England's Henry VII, Mary was next in line to the crown of England after Henry VIII's children - Edward, Mary and Elizabeth. The Scots attempted to remove the threat posed to Henry's succession by pledging the new-born Mary to marriage with his son Edward. This plan soon self-destructed, however, and the Scots turned to their old ally (and England's old enemy) France. Mary was sent there at age six for her upbringing and education. [PAR] The 18-year-old Mary (now a confirmed Catholic) returned to Scotland in 1561 to reign as Queen of her subjects (now confirmed Protestants). Contrary to all expectations, Queen and subjects initially achieved an accommodation. However, this situation quickly deteriorated. [PAR] In 1565 Mary married her first cousin Henry, Lord Darnley and gave birth to a son - James - the following year. In 1567, her husband was murdered and Mary quickly married the Scottish Earl of Bothwell an action that outraged the Scottish nobility who promptly imprisoned Mary and forced her to abdicate her throne to her one-year-old son, James. [PAR] The following year Mary escaped from her prison but was forced to flee across the border with England after the defeat of her supporters at the Battle of Langside, near Glasgow, on May 13. Instead of the refuge she anticipated, Mary was immediately imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth and spent the next 19 years shuffling from castle to castle while her cousin deliberated what to do with her. Mary became a lighting rod for plots and rumored plots against Elizabeth. Finally, in 1587, Elizabeth was persuaded to end the threat to her throne once and for all and ordered Mary's execution. [PAR] \"No, no, Madam you must die, you must die!\" [PAR] Mary's execution took place at Fotheringhay Castle. Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantome was a member of the French nobility who accompanied Mary during her internment. He provides us with a sympathetic account of Mary's execution that begins with the arrival of a delegation from Queen Elizabeth announcing that the former Queen of the Scots is to be executed the next day: [PAR] ADVERTISMENT [PAR] \"On February 7, 1587, the representatives of the English Queen, reached the Castle of Fotheringay, where the Queen of Scotland was confined at that time, between two and three o'clock in the afternoon. In the presence of her jailer, Paulet, they read their commission regarding the execution of the prisoner, and said that they would proceed with their task the next morning between seven and eight o'clock. The jailer was then ordered to have everything in readiness. [PAR] Without betraying any astonishment, the Queen thanked them for their good news, saying that nothing could be more welcome to her, since she longed for an end to her miseries, and had been prepared for death ever since she had been sent as a prisoner to England. However, she begged the envoys to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What was the currency in Greece before the euro ... What was the currency in Greece before the euro? | Reference.com [PAR] What was the currency in Greece before the euro? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] According to the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, the currency of modern Greece was the drachma before the euro replaced it in 2002. The drachma was introduced in 1832, replacing the short-lived currency called the phoenix, which was introduced after the 1828 independence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Drachma also refers to the silver coin used in ancient Greece. The drachma was one of the earliest coins. The Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica states that it was used as early as the mid-6th century B.C. The Athenian drachma became the Hellenistic world's chief currency after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The ancient drachma was the prototype for the Islamic dirham.[DOC] [TLE] Greece and the euro - European Commission Greece and the euro - European Commission [PAR] European Commission [PAR] Communicating on the euro [PAR] Greece and the euro [PAR] Greece joined the European Union in 1981, and adopted the euro in 2001 in time to be among the first wave of countries to launch euro banknotes and coins on 1 January 2002. [PAR] Last update: 4 may 2009 [PAR] Greece at a glance [PAR] Surface area: 131 960 km2 [PAR] Population: 11 262 539 (Eurostat 2009) [PAR] Joined the European Union: 1 January 1981 [PAR] Currency: Euro since 1 January 2001 (formerly Greek drachma, GRD) [PAR] Euro information [PAR] Status: Euro-area member since 1 January 2001 [PAR] Fixed conversion rate: \u20ac1 = 340.750 GRD [PAR] Adoption of the euro: The euro banknotes and coins were introduced in Greece on 1 January 2002, after a transitional period of one year when the euro was the official currency but only existed as 'book money'. The dual circulation period \u2013 when both the Greek drachma and the euro had legal tender status \u2013 ended on 28 February 2002. [PAR] Exchange of former national currency: The \u03a4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 (National Central Bank of Greece) exchanged drachma coins until 1 March 2004 and will continue to exchange drachma banknotes until 1 March 2012. [PAR] Documents and publications [PAR] Documents from the euro changeover are available on the Bank of Greece website (also in English ) [PAR] Opinion polls and surveys"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Detective Fiction Chapter 1: C Auguste Dupin, a death note ... Detective Fiction Chapter 1: C Auguste Dupin, a death note fanfic | FanFiction [PAR] \"People\u2026 well, detectives\u2026\" Light folded his arms, growing irritated. \"Nobody dresses like that anymore!\" [PAR] \"I do.\" [PAR] Light snorted. [PAR] \"I can see that.\" He paused for a moment. \"And you said your name was 'L'?\" [PAR] \"I said you could call me 'L', Yagami-kun.\" [PAR] \"What's that, a codename?\" [PAR] \"Something like that, I guess.\" [PAR] \"Hn.\" Light regarded him warily. \"Well\u2026 you don't have to stand there.\" He gestured to the seat opposite his own. \"You can sit down, if you want.\" [PAR] \"That's very kind.\" L shot him a lazy little smile and sat down; Light had been expecting him to sit\u2026 oddly, somehow, but he didn't. He sat normally, took off his hat, put it next to him and gazed very pointedly at Light. [PAR] He said nothing. [PAR] \"So why are you here?\" Light bit out at length, starting to feel quite unsettled. \"I haven't done anything.\" [PAR] L tilted his head. [PAR] \"And how certainly can you say that, Yagami-kun?\" he asked quietly. \"From what I've heard, there's rather a large chunk of your memory missing \u2013 or being repressed, at least.\" [PAR] Light blinked. [PAR] \"If you've only come here,\" he said coldly, \"to accuse me of\u2026 I don't know, being a thief or a murderer or something, with the theory that I've lost my memory of it\u2014\" [PAR] \"Oh, no, Yagami-kun,\" L interrupted swiftly. \"Don't misunderstand my intention. I don't think that you personally have done anything arrest-worthy.\" [PAR] \"Then why are you here?\" Light pressed. [PAR] L gave a little sigh and averted his gaze to the ceiling for a moment. [PAR] \"The truth is, Yagami-kun,\" he said quietly after a moment's consideration, \"\u2026I need your help.\" [PAR] Light stiffened imperceptively, taken aback by this statement. [PAR] \"So, wait\u2026\" He kneaded his forehead briefly as he tried to make sense of what L was saying. \"First of all you say that, technically, I can't be sure of anything that I have or haven't done because I'm suffering from memory loss, and then you say that despite that, you want my help with something?\" [PAR] \"More or less.\" [PAR] Light gave another snort. [PAR] \"If my memory loss is such a big deal, to the extent that you think I can't rightfully say that I haven't murdered someone, then how would I be of any help to you?\" he snapped. [PAR] \"That's a good point \u2013 in fact, it's only fair to tell you now that you may in fact turn out to be completely useless,\" L replied pleasantly. \"But this is actually a last resort. There's no-one else who can help me, Light Yagami \u2013 no-one but you.\" [PAR] \"Help you do what?\" [PAR] \"Solve a case, of course. I am a \"real detective\", after all.\" [PAR] Light couldn't help arching an eyebrow. [PAR] \"And why am I so special?\" he asked coolly. \"Why is someone who lost a portion of his memory after face-planting the dashboard the key to cracking this seemingly-impossible case of yours?\" [PAR] \"Because,\" L responded carefully, \"it's the portion of your memory that you lost after you \"face-planted the dashboard\" that's what I need to unravel the mystery.\" [PAR] Light rolled his eyes. [PAR] \"Well, good luck with that,\" he said nonchalantly. \"Whatever it is you need\u2026 it's the one thing I don't remember.\" [PAR] \"That's why I agreed that you may turn out to be completely useless.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to wear a saree - Holiday and Travel Guide to India How to wear a saree [PAR] Search [PAR] How to wear a saree [PAR] If you ever wondered what the women of India wear, then the answer is the traditional sari (saree). Majority of the Indian women wear it. Sari or Saree is worn in many different styles in India. The styles are either culture specific or region specific. A few styles are \u2013 [PAR] \u2022 Nivi style and Kaccha nivi style\u2013 It is commonly worn in Andrapradesh where the pallu hangs on the left shoulder. There is slightly different form of Nivi called Kaccha Nivi where the pleats are passed through the legs and tucked back in the waist. [PAR] Types of Saree [PAR] \u2022 Dravidian style\u2013 This style is worn by Brahmin ladies in Tamil Nadu. [PAR] \u2022 Coorgi style- The pleats are formed in the rear rather than in front and the pallu is worn from back to front on the right shoulder and pined. [PAR] \u2022 Gujarati style\u2013 The pallu is brought in front from back on the right shoulder. [PAR] \u2022 Maharastra style\u2013 The lower part is worn in the form of dothi and the upper part is worn on left shoulder. [PAR] \u2022 Bengali style\u2013 The pallu is draped twice over the torso and there are no pleats in this style. [PAR] \u2022 Gond style\u2013 The pleats are first drapped over the left shoulder and then the body is covered. [PAR] \u2022 Mumtaz style\u2013 After the pleats are tucked in waist the remaining fabric is wrapped twice before pulling the pallu over the left shoulder. [PAR] \u2022 Mundum Neriyathum style\u2013 This style is common in Kerala. It is essentially two piece sari. One the lower garment and the other is the upper garment. The upper garment can either be wrapped around the chest and tucked inside the blouse or can be worn over the left shoulder. [PAR] \u2022 Tribal style\u2013 The sari is tied and secured across the chest. [PAR] What is a sari [PAR] Saree (Sari) is the India\u2019s national dress for females. The word sari is derived from a Sanskrit word \u2018sati\u2019 which means \u2018strip of cloth\u2019. The literal meaning of sati holds good for sari as it nothing but a piece of unstitched cloth which ranges from 4 yards to 9 yards. The size of the sari varies because of the different styles that a sari is worn in India. Depending on the style the length of sari required differs. [PAR] A sari has to be worn with two more essential garments which acts as lining to the main garment i.e. sari. [PAR] 1) Legenga or the petticoat is the garment worn to cover the body from waist to toes. It has no bodice and it is tightly tied around the waist with the help of a draw string. To this under skirt/petticoat the sari will be tucked. It serves the purpose of holding the sari onto the waist and also acts as opaque underneath garment. It should be chosen to complement the sari that will be draped and should match the colour of the sari. [PAR] 2) Choli or blouse is the garment worn to cover the upper body which has no midriff and ends just below the bust. The choli needs to be tight fitting and should complement the sari. The blouse is not an undergarment and is seen outside. It can be short sleeved or sleeveless with a range of neck lines. [PAR] How to wear saree \u2013 Step by step guide to wearing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"My Name Is Earl\" Van Hickey (TV Episode 2006) - IMDb \"My Name Is Earl\" Van Hickey (TV Episode 2006) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Earl has to get his old band back together to take care of an elderly man on his list. But it only brings out a nasty secret which ultimately forces Earl to marry Ralph's mom. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $1.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 9725 titles [PAR] created 08 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 145 titles [PAR] created 17 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 2704 titles [PAR] created 26 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 91 titles [PAR] created 31 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 2027 titles [PAR] created 10 Jan 2016 [PAR] Search for \" Van Hickey \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Van Hickey (19 Oct 2006) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Earl wants to make up for number 50 on his list, \"kicked the lead singer out of my band\", by getting his old band back together and play one more gig. Everything goes quite well until the former lead singer of the band finds Earl's list and reads aloud that Earl once had sex with Ralph's mother. Ralph is so mad at Earl he wants to kill him and the only way for Earl not to get killed is to marry Ralph's mother. Written by Marco van Hoof <k_luifje7@hotmail.com>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1956: Prince Rainier marries Grace Kelly - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 19 | 1956: Prince Rainier marries Grace Kelly [PAR] 1956: Prince Rainier marries Grace Kelly [PAR] Prince Rainier III of Monaco has married the American film actress Grace Kelly. [PAR] The religious ceremony follows yesterday's civil ceremony held in the throne room in the Palace of Monaco. [PAR] The celebration of the Nuptial Mass was held in the Cathedral of Monaco. Miss Kelly looked every bit the film star in her ivory gown made of silk taffeta and lace. [PAR] The couple did not look at each other during the ceremony, but sat, stood and knelt facing the high altar as instructed by Monsignor Marella, the Papal Legate from Paris. [PAR] They spoke their vows so quietly that it was hard to tell whether they made them in English or French, the national language of Monaco. [PAR] At the end of the ceremony, a message was read out from the Pope. Then the couple drove through the streets of Monte Carlo in an open-top car, waving to thousands of well-wishers. [PAR] The couple, who announced their engagement in January, are spending their honeymoon cruising around the Mediterranean aboard Prince Rainier's yacht, Deo Juvante II - out of the public eye for the first time in months. [PAR] Nervous bride [PAR] Yesterday's civil ceremony, conducted by the president of the Monaco Supreme Court, was attended by the couple's close family and friends. [PAR] In Monaco, as in France, a civil marriage must take place before a religious ceremony. [PAR] Miss Kelly, wearing a beige, lace dress with a close-fitting hat, was noticeably nervous throughout the proceedings. [PAR] Following the legal formalities the couple made a short appearance on the balcony of the palace where approximately 500 members of the public waited below. [PAR] The newly-married couple, surrounded by an abundance of red and white flowers, waved to the crowds for a few minutes before going back inside.[DOC] [TLE] Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier's 60th Wedding Anniversary ... Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier's 60th Wedding Anniversary - Princess Grace of Monaco Wedding Photos [PAR] By Sam Escobar [PAR] Apr 18, 2016 [PAR] On April 19, 1956, American actress Grace Kelly walked down the aisle to marry Prince Rainier III of Monaco in what was dubbed \"the wedding of the century.\" After meeting Kelly at the Cannes Film Festival, the Prince started corresponding with the actress. Eight months later, he asked for her hand in marriage. She accepted, of course, and the pair began preparations for their elaborate royal ceremony. [PAR] This year marks what would have been the couple's 60th anniversary. Let's look back at some of the most gorgeous moments from their big day, shall we? [PAR] Advertisement - Continue Reading Below [PAR] The Announcement [PAR] This wedding stamp from February 1956 celebrated the famous couple's upcoming nuptials. In front of their closest friends and loved ones, the pair was first married in a civil ceremony on April 18, followed by a religious ceremony on April 19, which was attended by 600 guests. [PAR] Getty STF/AFP [PAR] Walking to the Cathedral [PAR] In a televised event viewed by an estimated 30 million people worldwide, the actress walked toward the cathedral in a setting she was very familiar with, being one of the most famous actresses of the time: a red carpet. [PAR] Advertisement - Continue Reading Below [PAR] The Gown [PAR] Kelly was married in a breathtaking gown by Academy Award-winning costume designer Helen Rose, gifted to the actress by MGM Studios. The dress, which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emblems of Canada - The Canadian Encyclopedia Emblems of Canada - The Canadian Encyclopedia [PAR] History [PAR] Emblems of Canada [PAR] Emblems of Canada include the national coat of arms and flag. When John Cabot arrived on the shores of North America in 1497, he raised a cross and the royal banner of England. Since then, Canada\u2019s emblems have evolved out of those traditionally used by France and Britain. [PAR] Emblems of Canada include the national coat of arms and flag. When John Cabot arrived on the shores of North America in 1497, he raised a cross and the royal banner of England. Since then, Canada\u2019s emblems have evolved out of those traditionally used by France and Britain. Today they include such national symbols as the beaver and the maple leaf . [PAR] Arms [PAR] When John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) landed on the coast of North America on St John the Baptist Day, 24 June 1497, he formally took possession of the surrounding territory in the name of King Henry VII of England by raising a large cross and the royal banner, which then contained the three gold fleurs-de-lis of France on a blue field and the three gold lions of England on red, both repeated twice. Beginning in 1340, the fleurs-de-lis occupied the most important quarters of both the royal banner and arms (i.e., coat of arms) to express England\u2019s claim to the throne of France. [PAR] The British continued to display the royal arms at land claims, such as Sir Humphrey Gilbert \u2019s ceremony claiming Newfoundland in 1583. They adorned the seals used in the Canadian colonies and the medals awarded to Aboriginal chiefs by British sovereigns. Some examples of the royal arms have survived in courthouses, post offices and Anglican churches. [PAR] Like the British use of their arms, the royal arms of France (three gold fleurs-de-lis on blue) were consistently displayed at land claiming ceremonies beginning with Jacques Cartier in 1534. In New France, they were exhibited on city gates, forts and important buildings, including churches and public places. They also appeared on government seals and coins. [PAR] At Confederation in 1867 no arms were assigned to the new Dominion of Canada . In 1868 the original provinces \u2014 Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , Qu\u00e9bec and Ontario \u2014 received arms by a royal warrant that also provided for a great seal of Canada, a shield bearing the arms of the four provinces. On the great seal assigned to Canada in 1869, the arms of each province appeared separately, two on each side of the figure of Queen Victoria . The four province shield survived and came to be considered the arms of the Dominion. [PAR] As additional provinces entered Confederation, armorial bearings assigned to them were added to the federal shield, creating an unsatisfactory aggregation. A Canadian committee appointed in 1919 decided within a year on the basic elements of a new design, which was forwarded to the College of Arms in London, England, for its consideration. In 1921 King George V, by royal proclamation, assigned armorial bearings for Canada. [PAR] The design is traditional, with the shield displaying the arms of England, Scotland, Ireland and France to symbolize the nation's founders. Underneath the four quarters, on a white field, is a sprig of three maple leaves to indicate the new nation of many peoples. Originally green, in 1957 the leaves officially became red, a common autumnal colour, and thus in accord with Canada's national colours, red and white. The crest and the shield's supporters are strikingly similar to the royal arms of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ernie Els Biography - Golfer as The Big Easy - YouTube Ernie Els Biography - Golfer as The Big Easy - YouTube [PAR] Ernie Els Biography - Golfer as The Big Easy [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 7, 2015 [PAR] Ernie Els Biography - Golfer as The Big Easy [PAR] Theodore Ernest \"Ernie\" Els (born 17 October 1969) is a South African professional golfer. A former World No. 1, he is known as \"The Big Easy\" due to his imposing physical stature (he stands 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)) along with his fluid golf swing. Among his 67 career victories are four major championships: the U.S. Open in 1994 at Oakmont and in 1997 at Congressional, and The Open Championship in 2002 at Muirfield and in 2012 at Royal Lytham & St Annes. He is one of six golfers to twice win both the U.S. Open and The Open Championship. [PAR] Other highlights in Els' career include topping the 2003 and 2004 European Tour Order of Merit (money list), and winning the World Match Play Championship a record seven times. He was the leading career money winner on the European Tour until overtaken by Lee Westwood in 2011, and was the first member of the tour to earn over 25 million Euros from European Tour events. He has held the number one spot in the Official World Golf Ranking and until 2013 held the record for weeks ranked in the top ten with 788. Els rose to 15th in the world rankings after winning the 2012 Open Championship. He was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2010, on his first time on the ballot, and was inducted in May 2011. [PAR] When not playing, Els has a golf course design business, a charitable foundation which supports golf among underprivileged youngsters in South Africa, and a highly regarded wine-making business. He has written a popular golf instructional column in Golf Digest magazine for several years. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Four Corners travel guide - Wikitravel Four Corners travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] 14 Stay safe [PAR] For other places with the same name, see Four Corners (disambiguation) . [PAR] Four Corners Monument and Tribal Park [1] is where Arizona , Colorado , New Mexico , and Utah meet. The site is managed by the Navajo Nation and is a stopping point along the Trails of the Ancients National Scenic Byway [2] . [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] State line survey marker near Teec Nos Pos, Arizona [PAR] First erected in 1899 to honor the only geographic location in the U.S. where the boundaries of four states touch, Four Corners Monument is a cartographic curiosity with limited infrastructure and essentially one thing to do: to stand in a number of places simultaneously. Come prepared. There are waterless self-contained toilets, but the site has no running water, no electricity, no telephones or cell phone coverage. [PAR] The Monument is something of a paradox. It is a small and limited attraction, surrounded by low lying, nondescript bluffs that aren't particularly photogenic. And yet \"Four Corners\" is a widely-applied label for all there are to do within a 200 to 500 mi (322 to 805 km) radius of where these four states intersect. When travelers speak of their \"Four Corners\" vacation, they may be headed for Mesa Verde National Park , Monument Valley , the Grand Canyon and to other points further afield. But they may never set foot inside the Monument itself. [PAR] The Monument seems to evoke strong emotions in people, as well. Visitors are either vastly underwhelmed by this attraction, even angry they drove so far out of their way to see so little, or they are inordinately pleased with running from state to state and having their picture taken. The novelty of these intersecting boundaries makes Four Corners a popular destination, with long lines in the summer months at both the food stalls and the bright red viewing platform for the photo-op. [PAR] The Monument offers travelers a chance to learn more about Native Americans, their cultures and ways of life. There is a small visitor center, which is open year round (the park only closes on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Day). It features a Demonstration Center with Native American artisans. But the best way to learn about modern day Native Americans is to strike up a friendly and respectful conversation with the various Navajo vendors. Generally, the Navajo vendors are cheerful and open to questioning. (For more information on how to properly handle this, see the Respect section in this article). [PAR] The average visit to the Monument lasts between 10 minutes and 2 hours, depending on whether or not people eat and thoroughly explore the Navajo stalls and visitor center. [PAR] Summer temperatures in the Monument can reach 110 \u00baF (43 \u00baC) and visitors should take extra precautions while visiting. To visit the park, you'll need to bring sunscreen, some kind of hand sanitizer, as well as something to drink. In the summer, blowing dust, flies and bugs are sometimes a problem. A word of caution: metal in the park during summer (including the aluminum bronze surveyor's mark) can be too hot to touch. Don't inadvertently burn yourself in your enthusiasm. The Navajo Nation is not responsible for any bodily injuries, accidents, thefts or losses that occur while on Navajo land. [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] The Four Corners site [PAR] The genesis of Four Corners as a novelty on a map dates back to 1846, when the U.S. Army invaded and defeated Mexico"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minority Report (film) - Philip K. Dickipedia Wiki - Wikia Minority Report (film) | Philip K. Dickipedia Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] IMDb Entry [PAR] Minority Report, a 2002 American science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg is loosely based on the short story \" The Minority Report \" by Philip K. Dick . Primarily set in Washington, D.C., and Northern Virginia in the year 2054, it centers on a revolutionary division of law enforcement known as \"PreCrime.\" This specialized police department, apprehends criminals before they ever commit their alleged crime based on foreknowledge provided by three psychics referred to as \"precogs.\" [PAR] Plot [PAR] Edit [PAR] Based on a short story by the late Philip K. Dick, this science fiction-thriller reflects the writer's familiar preoccupation with themes of concealed identity and mind control. Tom Cruise stars as John Anderton, a Washington, D.C. detective in the year 2054. Anderton works for \"Precrime,\" a special unit of the police department that arrests murderers before they have committed the actual crime. Precrime bases its work on the visions of three psychics or \"precogs\" whose prophecies of future events are never in error. When Anderton discovers that he has been identified as the future killer of a man he's never met, he is forced to become a fugitive from his own colleagues as he tries to uncover the mystery of the victim-to-be's identity. When he kidnaps Agatha (Samantha Morton), one of the precogs, he begins to formulate a theory about a possible frame-up from within his own department. Directed by Steven Spielberg, who hired a team of futurists to devise the film's numerous technologically advanced gadgets, Minority Report co-stars Colin Farrell, Max von Sydow, and Neal McDonough. [1] [PAR] Tom Cruise -as- Chief John Anderton [PAR] Max von Sydow -as- Director Lamar Burgess [PAR] Steve Harris -as- Jad [PAR] Anna Maria Horsford -as- Casey [PAR] Colin Farrell -as- Danny Witwer [PAR] Samantha Morton -as- Agatha[DOC] [TLE] Captain John Anderton\u2019s (Tom Cruise) Personna ID [MRID ... Captain John Anderton\ufffds (Tom Cruise) Personna ID [MRID] - $0.00 : Hollywood History Online, Discover the Magic and Bring Hollywood Home! [PAR] larger image [PAR] Movie Title: Minority Report [PAR] Minority Report is a 2002 science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg; set primarily in Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia in the year 2054 where \"PreCrime\", a specialized police department apprehends criminals based on foreknowledge provided by three psychics known as \"precogs\". This is Captain John Anderton\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds (Tom Cruise) Personna ID. About the size of a credit card and with the same sturdiness, you see Anderton\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds ID in the film and a great piece from a Steven Spielburg film. Along with a Hollywood History COA, this piece will also come with a plaque stand and mini poster for the ID to be displayed."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bible Study - Birds Of The Bible Bible Study - Birds Of The Bible [PAR] Questions? [PAR] Search all 6,500+ Bible studies on this website. Just type in topic word(s) or a question. [PAR] Due to extensive use of high-quality maps and illustrations, this educational website is best-viewed with a minimum screen-resolution width of 1280 pixels [PAR] Birds Of The Bible [PAR] by Wayne Blank [PAR] \"And God said, \"Let the waters bring forth swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the firmament of the heavens.\" So God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarm, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. And God blessed them, saying, \"Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.\" And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.\" (Genesis 1:20-23 RSV) (see The Seven Days Of Creation ) [PAR] Nearly 400 different kinds of birds can be found in the region of Israel, of which about 25 are found only in Israel. Birds are mentioned widely throughout The Bible , with literal and metaphorical usage. Some of the most common - [PAR] Doves [PAR] Doves are harmless, peaceful birds which came to be used as a symbol of The Holy Spirit: \"And when Jesus was baptized [see Baptism and John The Baptist ], He went up immediately from the water, and behold, the heavens were opened and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and alighting on Him\" (Matthew 3:16 RSV) [PAR] Chickens [PAR] A hen with her eggs was used as a metaphor for God's concern for His unrepentant people: \"O Jerusalem , Jerusalem, killing the prophets and stoning those who are sent to you! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you would not!\" (Matthew 23:37 RSV) [PAR] Roosters are known for their crowing, which was said to have been so punctual that the Roman troops (see Roman Legions ) used it to signal the change of the guard. Jesus Christ used the well-known sound of the cock crowing to predict that Peter would temporarily deny even knowing Him on The Fateful Night : \"Truly, I say to you, this very night, before the cock crows twice, you will deny Me three times.\" (Mark 14:29-30 RSV) [PAR] Eagles [PAR] The eagle was the largest bird in Israel, with a wingspan of up to 8 feet. God used an eagle metaphorically for His bringing the Israelites out of slavery in the Exodus: \"And Moses went up to God, and The Lord called to him out of the mountain, saying, \"Thus you shall say to the house of Jacob, and tell the people of Israel: \"You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles' wings and brought you to Myself.\" (Exodus 19:3-4 RSV) [PAR] Ravens [PAR] The raven was the first bird that Noah sent out from the ark: \"At the end of forty days Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made, and sent forth a raven; and it went to and fro until the waters were dried up from the earth.\" (Genesis 8:6-7 RSV) (see The Flood and How Big Was Noah's Ark? ) [PAR] Peacocks[DOC] [TLE] Birding Is Fun!: Birds of the Bible - Part One Birding Is Fun!: Birds of the Bible - Part One"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA ... Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [PAR] Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) [PAR] D\u00e9l\u00e9gation Permanente de Turquie aupr\u00e8s de l'UNESCO [PAR] State, Province or Region: [PAR] Coordinates: 38026\u201905\u2019\u2019-39008\u201930\u2019\u2019N; 33006\u201953\u2019\u2019-33044\u201949\u2019\u2019E [PAR] Ref.: 5824 [PAR] Word File [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] The Secretariat of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Heritage Centre do not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information or documentation provided by the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to the Secretariat of UNESCO or to the World Heritage Centre. [PAR] The publication of any such advice, opinion, statement or other information documentation on the World Heritage Centre\u2019s website and/or on working documents also does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNESCO or of the World Heritage Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries. [PAR] Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party [PAR] Description [PAR] The Lake Tuz SEPA was declared by the Decision of Cabinet of Ministers numbered 2000/1381 dated 14.09.2000. The Lake Tuz protected area is within the borders of three provinces namely, Ankara, Konya, and Aksaray. The Lake Tuz is the second largest lake in Turkey after Lake Van which is mainly fed by undergroundwater. Being a tectonic originated site, the area is located in a closed large basin called Konya basin. On the average, the depth of Lake Tuz is below 0.5 m., surrounded by K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak (East), Obruk (South), Cihanbeyli (West), Haymana (North) plateaus. The area is poor in inflowing rivers due to its location in the least rain fall receiving part of the country. The surface area of the lake reaches to 164 200 Ha in spring. The altitude of the lake is 905 m. In summer, dry period dominates which results in the formation of a salt layer about 30 cm by means of excessive evaporation in the lake. It is one of the most salty lakes of the world as the density of water equals to 1-22.5 cm /g, i.e. salt ratio of 32.4%.This feature brings an economic value as well, of which 70% of salt used in Turkey is produced from Lake Salt. [PAR] The surface of the edges of the lake looks like an empty planet in which many visitors can perceive some oasis on the horizon. Over there a white layer covering the steppe plants mimics some sculpture shapes of the fine arts in nature. [PAR] Justification of Outstanding Universal Value [PAR] Countless number of waterfowl bird species nesting and wintering in its large habitats over the lake and the surrounding terrestrial parts including small islets, and swamps, particularly for flamingos endangered in Europe, Phoenicopterus ruber, breeding colonies reach the size of 5 to 6 000 nesting places. [PAR] The Lake Tuz protected area in Turkey is amongst the most saline lakes in the world following Dead Sea, while representing the richest and intact halophytic steppe vegetation in Europe, more diverse and valuable biodiversity representing one of the most outstanding halophytic steppe plant sociological characteristics pattern dispersed on an extremely large area on the earth. The area holds a main genetic source for animal and probably human nutrition for future as it inhabits many important crop wild relatives. In addition, the site is also one of the best habitat to explore crop genetic sources of crop relatives for genes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corbillon cup - definition of Corbillon cup by The Free ... Corbillon cup - definition of Corbillon cup by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Corbillon cup - definition of Corbillon cup by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Corbillon+cup [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] table tennis [PAR] n. [PAR] A game similar to lawn tennis, played on a table with paddles and a small hollow plastic ball. [PAR] table tennis [PAR] n [PAR] (Individual Sports, other than specified) a miniature form of tennis played on a table with small bats and a light hollow ball [PAR] ta\u2032ble ten`nis [PAR] n. [PAR] a game resembling tennis, played on a table with small paddles and a hollow celluloid or plastic ball. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] table tennis - a game (trademark Ping-Pong) resembling tennis but played on a table with paddles and a light hollow ball [PAR] Ping-Pong [PAR] table game - a game that is played on a table [PAR] rally , exchange - (sports) an unbroken sequence of several successive strokes; \"after a short rally Connors won the point\" [PAR] Translations [PAR] n \u2192 tennis m da tavolo , ping-pong \u00ae m [PAR] table [PAR] (\u02c8teibl) noun [PAR] 1. a piece of furniture consisting of a flat, horizontal surface on legs used eg to put food on at meals, or for some games. Put all the plates on the table. tafel \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0647 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 mesa st\u016fl der Tisch bord \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b6\u03b9 mesa laud \u0645\u06cc\u0632 p\u00f6yt\u00e4 table \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u092e\u0947\u091c stol; igra\u0107i stol (stolni tenis, biljar) asztal meja bor\u00f0 tavolo \u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb \ud0c1\uc790 stalas galds meja tafel bord st\u00f3\u0142 \u0645\u06d0\u0632\u060c\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0647\u060c\u062f\u0693\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0645\u06d0\u0632 \u062f\u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0689\u0648\u0689\u06cd \u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647\u060c\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644 ( \u0644\u0643\u0647 \u062f\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0651\u062c\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0685\u062e\u0647 ) \u0681\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0644\u060c\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0632\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644 mesa oamenii care stau la mas\u0103 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b st\u00f4l miza sto bord \u0e42\u0e15\u0e4a\u0e30 masa \u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u81fa\u5b50 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b \u0679\u064a\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0632 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n \u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u53f0\u5b50 [PAR] 2. a statement of facts or figures arranged in columns etc. The results of the experiments can be seen in table 5. tafel, tabel \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0647 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 quadro tabulka, sloupec die Tabelle tabel \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 tabla , cuadro tabel \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 taulukko table , tableau \u05dc\u05d5\u05d7 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940 tablica t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat tabel tafla tavola , tabella \u8868 \ud45c lentel\u0117 tabula jadual tabel tabell tabela \u0681\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0644 quadro tabel \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 tabu\u013eka, st\u013apec tabela tabela tabell \u0e15\u0e32\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07 tablo , cetvel \u8868\u683c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044f; \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06c1 bi\u1ec3u, c\u1ed9t \u8868\u683c [PAR] 3. the people sitting at a table. The whole table heard what he said. tafel \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0647 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 mesa st\u016fl die Tischrunde bord \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 mesa laudkond \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632 p\u00f6yt\u00e4seurue table , tabl\u00e9e \u05d4\u05b7\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05e9\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05b7\u05e9\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05d7\u05b8\u05df \u092e\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 stol (osobe koje sjede oko stola) asztalt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g orang yang duduk di keliling meja \u00feeir sem sitja saman vi\u00f0 bor\u00f0 tavolata \u98df\u5353\u3092\u56f2\u3080\u4eba\u3005 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc5d0 \ub458\ub7ec \uc549\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \u017emon\u0117s prie stalo pie galda s\u0113do\u0161ie org yg duduk di meja tafel bord st\u00f3\u0142 \u062f\u0645\u06d0\u0632 \u062f\u0634\u0627\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0643 mesa mas\u0103 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b ; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f st\u00f4l omizje sto bord[ss\u00e4llskap] \u0e04\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e42\u0e15\u0e4a\u0e30 bir masada oturanlar \u4e00\u684c\u5b50\u4eba \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0679\u06be\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n \u4e00\u684c\u5b50\u4eba [PAR] \u02c8tablecloth noun [PAR] a cloth for covering a table, usually for a meal. an embroidered tablecloth. tafeldoek \u063a\u064e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0647 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 toalha de mesa ubrus das Tischtuch dug \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf mantel laudlina \u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06cc p\u00f6yt\u00e4liina nappe \u05de\u05bc\u05b7\u05e4\u05ea \u05e9\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05d7\u05b8\u05df \u092e\u0947\u091c\u092a\u094b\u0936 stolnjak abrosz taplak bor\u00f0d\u00fakur tovaglia \u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30ed\u30b9 \uc2dd\ud0c1\ubcf4 stalties\u0117 galdauts alas meja tafelkleed bordduk obrus \u0645\u064a\u0632\u067e\u0648\u069a\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646 toalha de mesa fa\u0163\u0103 de mas\u0103 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c obrus prt stolnjak bordduk \u0e1c\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e39\u0e42\u0e15\u0e4a\u0e30 masa \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u684c\u5e03 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0645\u064a\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634 v\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 b\u00e0n \u684c\u5e03 [PAR] table linen [PAR] tablecloths, napkins etc. They gave us table linen as a wedding present. tafellinne"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] O\u2019Brien Coin Guide: Mintages for British Gold Sovereigns ... O\u2019Brien Coin Guide: Mintages for British Gold Sovereigns | The Old Currency Exchange is a specialist dealer and valuer of coins, tokens and banknotes [PAR] The Old Currency Exchange is a specialist dealer and valuer of coins, tokens and banknotes [PAR] The best-stocked coin and banknote shop in Ireland. We buy and sell old collections, attic accumulations and house-clearances. Exchange your old coins and banknotes for euro [PAR] Menu [PAR] The Old Currency Exchange / August 18, 2015 [PAR] The British gold sovereign is one of the most \u2018collected\u2019 gold coins in Ireland today. We used it when we were part of the UK and it would seem that we are still hoarding them. Named after the English gold sovereign, previously last minted in 1604, the name was revived with the Great Re-coinage of King George III in 1816 \u2026 and minting began in 1817. [PAR] Sovereigns were produced in large quantities every year until World War I, when the UK came off the gold standard. From then until 1932, sovereigns were produced only at branch mints at Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Bombay, Ottawa, and Pretoria. [PAR] The exception to this was in 1925 when, some were produced in London, as part of Winston Churchill\u2019s ill-fated attempt to return the UK to the gold standard. [PAR] The last regular issue was in 1932 at the Pretoria mint. [PAR] During the years 1949 to 1952 sovereigns dated 1925 were produced for the international bullion markets although these can be differentiated by a more pronounced rim. [PAR] Technical Specifications: [PAR] Sovereigns minted since 1817 have been produced according to the act of 1816 (56 George III chapter 68): [PAR] Weight: 7.988052 g (0.2817702 oz) [PAR] Thickness: 1.52 mm (0.060 in) [PAR] Diameter: 22.05 mm (0.868 in) [PAR] Fineness: 22 carat = 916\u2154 / 1000 (\u00b1 2/1000) [PAR] Gold Content: 7.322381 g = 0.235420 (exactly: 1320/5607) troy ounces or 113.0016 grains [PAR] The Trial of the Pyx is the procedure in the United Kingdom for ensuring that newly minted coins conform to required standards. Trials have been held from the twelfth century to the present day, normally once per calendar year; the form of the ceremony has been essentially the same since 1282 AD. [PAR] They are trials in the full judicial sense, presided over by a judge with an expert jury of assayers. [PAR] Trials are now held at the Hall of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths. [PAR] Formerly, they took place at the Palace of Westminster. [PAR] Coins to be tested are drawn from the regular production of the Royal Mint. The Deputy Master of the Mint must, throughout the year, randomly select several thousand sample coins and place them aside for the Trial. [PAR] These must be in a certain fixed proportion to the number of coins produced. [PAR] The jury is composed of at least six assayers from the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths. They have two months to test the provided coins, and decide whether they have been properly minted. Criteria are given for diameter, chemical composition and weight for each class of coinage. [PAR] George III [PAR] The reverse design had an ennobled Garter surrounding the image of St George armed, sitting on horse back encountering the Dragon with a spear. The legend translates as \u2018evil to him who evil thinks\u2019 . The obverse featured George III facing right with short hair with a laurel crown of a Roman emperor with the legend in taller than usual lettering. [PAR] 1817 [PAR] 1871 Victoria young head & shield [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Historic Figures: John (c.1167 - 1216) BBC - History - Historic Figures: John (c.1167 - 1216) [PAR] Historic Figures [PAR] z [PAR] John I \u00a9 John was a king of England who is most famous for signing the Magna Carta. [PAR] John was born around Christmas in 1166 or 1167 in Oxford, the youngest and favourite son of Henry II. On his father's death in 1189 his brother, Richard, became king. John received titles, lands and money, but this was not enough. In October 1190, Richard recognised his nephew, Arthur, as his heir. Three years later, when Richard was imprisoned in Germany, John tried to seize control. He was unsuccessful and, when Richard returned in early 1194, was banished. The two were soon reconciled and, when Arthur was captured by Philip II in 1196, Richard named John heir. [PAR] In 1199, Richard died and John became king. War with France was renewed, triggered by John's second marriage. While asked to mediate between the rival families of Lusignan and Angoul\u00e2me, he married the Angoul\u00e2me heiress Isabella, who had been betrothed to Hugh de Lusignan. A rebellion broke out and John was ordered to appear before his overlord, Philip II of France. His failure to do so resulted in war. [PAR] By 1206, John had lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine and parts of Poitou. These failures were a damaging blow to his prestige and he was determined to win them back. This required money, so his government became increasingly ruthless and efficient in its financial administration. Taxes soared and he began to exploit his feudal rights ever more harshly. [PAR] This bred increasing baronial discontent. Negotiations between John and his barons failed and civil war broke out in May 1215. When the rebels seized London, John was compelled to negotiate further and, on 19 June at Runnymede on the River Thames, he accepted the baronial terms embodied in the Magna Carta, which limited royal power, ensured feudal rights and restated English law. It was the first formal document stating that the monarch was as much under the rule of law as his people, and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. [PAR] This settlement was soon rendered impractical when John claimed it was signed under duress. Pope Innocent took his side and in the ensuing civil war John laid waste to the northern counties and the Scottish border. Prince Louis of France then invaded at the barons' request. John continued to wage war vigorously, but his death in October 1216 enabled a compromise peace and the succession of his son Henry III.[DOC] [TLE] King John (1199 - 1216) - British Royal Family History King John | Britroyals [PAR] Britroyals [PAR] Born: December 24, 1166 at Beaumont Palace : Oxford [PAR] Parents: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine [PAR] Relation to Elizabeth II: 21st great-grandfather [PAR] House of: Angevin [PAR] Ascended to the throne: April 6, 1199 aged 32 years [PAR] Crowned: May 27, 1199 at Westminster Abbey [PAR] Married: 1) Isabella of Gloucester, (annulled 1199), (2) Isabella, Daughter of Count of Angouleme [PAR] Children: Two sons including Henry III, three daughters and several illegitimate children [PAR] Died: October 18, 1216 at Newark Castle, aged 49 years, 9 months, and 24 days [PAR] Buried at: Worcester [PAR] Reigned for: 17 years, 6 months, and 13 days [PAR] Succeeded by: his son Henry III [PAR] John was nicknamed Lackland, probably because, as the youngest of Henry II's five sons, it was difficult to find a portion of his father's French"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Ryan series by Tom Clancy - Goodreads Jack Ryan series by Tom Clancy [PAR] 10. Full Force and Effect [PAR] 11. Commander-in-Chief [PAR] Published order of the Jack Ryan series: [PAR] 1984 The Hun Jack Ryan (full name John Patrick Ryan, Sr., Ph.D., CPA, KCVO) (born May 17, 1950) is a fictional character, who appears in many of the novels written by Tom Clancy . [PAR] Chronological order of the Jack Ryan series: [PAR] 1. Patriot Games [PAR] 3. The Hunt for Red October [PAR] 4. The Cardinal of the Kremlin [PAR] 5. Clear and Present Danger [PAR] 6. The Sum of All Fears [PAR] 7. Debt of Honor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Barber of Seville | opera by Rossini | Britannica.com The Barber of Seville | opera by Rossini | Britannica.com [PAR] The Barber of Seville [PAR] Alternative Titles: \u201cAlmaviva o sia l\u2019inutile precauzione\u201d, \u201cAlmaviva, or The Useless Precaution\u201d, \u201cIl barbiere di Siviglia\u201d [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] musical composition [PAR] The Barber of Seville, Italian Il barbiere di Siviglia, comic opera in two acts by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini ( libretto in Italian by Cesare Sterbini) that was first performed under the title Almaviva o sia l\u2019inutile precauzione (Almaviva; or, The Useless Precaution) at the Teatro Argentina in Rome on February 20, 1816. With a plot based on Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais \u2019s 1775 play Le Barbier de S\u00e9ville , Rossini\u2019s opera remains one of the most frequently performed comic operas in the repertoire . The barber of the title is Figaro , whose impressive entrance aria (\u201c [PAR] Largo al factotum [PAR] \u201d)\u2014with its repeated proclamations of his own name\u2014is one of the best-known of all opera arias. [PAR] Background and context [PAR] The Barber of Seville was commissioned by the impresario of the Teatro Argentina at the end of 1815, when Rossini was nearly 24 years of age. In deference to Giovanni Paisiello , a popular Italian composer who in 1782 had himself based an opera on the Beaumarchais play, Rossini called his own work Almaviva. (The title was permanently changed to Il barbiere di Siviglia for the Bologna revival August 10, 1816, after Paisiello\u2019s death.) Nonetheless, the production was viewed by Paisiello\u2019s supporters as an affront; a group of them came to Rossini\u2019s premiere, and they booed and hissed throughout the performance. The work was barely ready, and the performers were underprepared. Overall, the opening night was plagued by mishaps and pranks. [PAR] Gioachino Rossini. [PAR] \u00a9 Photos.com/Thinkstock [PAR] Not surprisingly, for the opera\u2019s second performance Rossini decided to stay home. But this time the audience\u2014presumably lacking Paisiello\u2019s disruptive fans\u2014was wildly enthusiastic; afterward they took to the streets and gathered outside the composer\u2019s house to cheer. Before long, productions were mounted across Europe and beyond; in 1825 the opera became the first to be sung in Italian in New York City . [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Carmina Burana [PAR] During the 19th and 20th centuries, performances of the opera reflected common changes in fashion, some of which can be heard in recordings that remain in circulation. In the 19th century it was common for operas to be split into additional acts so that elaborate scene changes could be accomplished. The Barber of Seville was turned into a three-act production by splitting Act I between the outdoors serenade scene and the interior scene at Bartolo\u2019s house. The most frequent change to the opera was the transposition of Rosina\u2019s part from the original mezzo-soprano into a higher soprano range to accommodate the usual leading singers; when that was done, Berta\u2019s range was lowered to mezzo-soprano so that contrast between the women\u2019s voices was preserved. (Rossini\u2019s use of highly ornamented mezzo-soprano coloratura roles is distinctive and rare in the repertoire.) In addition to these large-scale changes, the opera became laden with errors and changes in orchestration and structure that accumulated to become performance tradition. For example, in published scores Rossini\u2019s piccolo part was changed to a flute part, extra bass and percussion parts were added, and copyists\u2019 errors were perpetuated. There was nothing approaching an authoritative score\u2014that is, one based on evidence from the composer\u2019s original materials\u2014until 1969. [PAR] Count Almaviva , a young nobleman ( tenor ) [PAR] Rosina, a young lady and ward of Doctor Bartolo (mezzo-soprano)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elsie Tanner - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Elsie Tanner | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Patricia Phoenix [PAR] Elsie Tanner (n\u00e9e Grimshaw, previously Tanner and Howard) was a Coronation Street resident from 1939 to 1973 , and then again from 1976 to 1984 . For nearly all of that time, she lived at No.11 , first moving in after marrying Arnold Tanner at sixteen and raising her children Linda and Dennis herself after splitting from Arnold. [PAR] During the war , Elsie had an affair with an American GI, Steve Tanner . Many men came and went from No.11 during and after this period, but as Elsie was still married to Arnold, she gained a reputation for being a tart. One particular opponent of Elsie was Ena Sharples , the self-appointed moral guardian of the Street, with whom Elsie locked horns on many occasions. Despite her critics, Elsie was fiercely protective of her children, herself and her good name, and gave as good as she got, which over time earned even Ena's grudging admiration. [PAR] As Elsie grew older, and Linda and Dennis moved away, she kept on looking for Mr. Right, but it was mostly married men whom she attracted. An exception to this was Len Fairclough , with whom Elsie shared a special relationship, but although Len asked Elsie to marry him twice, Elsie turned him down as they were more friends than lovers. [PAR] In 1967 , Elsie married her wartime sweetheart Steve, however Elsie failed to make the adjustment to living in the USA and she left Steve when he provided no support to her and had decided to accept a posting to South America. Three years later, she married her third husband, businessman Alan Howard . Elsie and Alan were together for six years before making a mutual decision to separate, and later divorce, on the grounds of irreconcilable differences. From 1973 to 1976, Elsie lived in Newcastle with Alan, but she returned to Weatherfield when they separated. She left Coronation Street for good in 1984 to join her old flame Bill Gregory in Portugal . The couple married and ran a bar together in the Algarve, living the high life. After many happy years together, they were both killed in a road accident. Elsie was 81. [PAR] Elsie's career highlights included working at Miami Modes department store, Sylvia's Separates , and supervisor and later machinist at Baldwin's Casuals . Her friends in the Street were Dot Greenhalgh , Florrie Lindley , Maggie Clegg , and her lodgers Suzie Birchall , Gail Potter and Marion Willis , for whom she took on a motherly role. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] \"You know, they used to call us good time girls... well, we did have a good time, and a damn good time at that\" [PAR] Elsie Grimshaw was born on 5th March 1923 at 18 Gas Street , Weatherfield , the first child born to Arthur and Alice Grimshaw . By the time Elsie was fifteen, their number had swelled to ten and responsibility for the children was divided between Elsie and Alice, with Elsie looking after the older ones. [PAR] 1939 : Elsie's wedding photograph in the Weatherfield Gazette [PAR] From the moment her first boyfriend threw her knickers up a tree, Elsie was defined by her love life. At sixteen, she got pregnant by Arnold Tanner , a twenty-year-old rent collector for Mr Wormold . Arnold had been drunk when he had sex with Elsie but although there was never much affection between them, Arnold did"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Jainism: Jain sects BBC - Religions - Jainism: Jain sects [PAR] Jain sects [PAR] Last updated 2009-09-11 [PAR] This article provides an overview of the two major Jain sects: the Digambara sect and the Svetambara sect. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Jain sects [PAR] Jains are divided into two major sects; the Digambara (meaning sky clad) sect and the Svetambara (meaning white clad) sect. Each of these sects is also divided into subgroups. [PAR] The two sects agree on the basics of Jainism, but disagree on: [PAR] details of the life of Mahavira [PAR] the spiritual status of women [PAR] whether monks should wear clothes [PAR] rituals [PAR] which texts should be accepted as scripture [PAR] The Digambara sect is more austere, and is closer in its ways to the Jains at the time of Mahavira. [PAR] Differences between Svetambara and Digambara [PAR] Both groups accept the basic Jain philosophy and the five basic vows. The philosophical differences between the groups mostly affect monks and nuns, or the very pious. [PAR] Scripture [PAR] Digambaras and Svetambaras disagree as to which books constitute Jain scripture . [PAR] Women [PAR] Digambaras believe that women cannot achieve liberation without first being reborn as a man. [PAR] This is because: [PAR] women cannot live a truly ascetic life, because they have to possess clothes since it is impractical for them to live naked [PAR] women are intrinsically harmful [PAR] Digambaras believe that the Jinas : [PAR] have no bodily functions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ehrich Weiss - definition of Ehrich Weiss by The Free ... Ehrich Weiss - definition of Ehrich Weiss by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Ehrich Weiss - definition of Ehrich Weiss by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ehrich+Weiss [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Harry Houdini - United States magician (born in Hungary) famous for his ability to escape from chains or handcuffs or straitjackets or padlocked containers (1874-1926) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Harry Houdini - The Life of Harry Houdini Harry Houdini - The Life of Harry Houdini [PAR] Houdini in 1922 [PAR] The Great Harry Houdini [PAR] Harry Houdini was born on March 24, 1874 in Budpest, Hungary, with the name of Ehrich Weisz. He was one of six children and the son of Rabbi Mayer Weisz and his second wife, Cecilia Steiner. In 1876, Mayer Weisz immigrated to the United States with the dream of a better life. He found work as a rabbi and changed his last name to Weiss. In 1876, the remainder of the family joined him in the United States. [PAR] The family moved to Milwaukee when Ehrich was eight years old. During his early years, Ehrich sold newspapers and shined shoes to help support the family. On October 28, 1883, nine year old Ehrich made his first appearance on stage, performing a trapeze act. He billed himself, \"Ehrich, the Prince of the Air.\" At 12, Ehrich hopped a freight car and ran away from home. A year later her returned to New York and continued to help support his family by working as a messenger, necktie cutter, and photography assistant. Nothing is known of his year away from his family. [PAR] About this time, Ehrich and his brother Theo began to pursue an interest in magic. As a stage name, Ehrich Weiss became Harry Houdini by adding an \u00eci\u00ee to the last name of his idol, French magician Robert Houdin. Harry is simply an Americanized version of his nickname, Ehrie. At 17, Ehrich, now known as Harry Houdini, left his family to pursue his magic career. By the age of twenty, Harry had been performing small acts throughout New York. He soon married and joined a circus where he began to develop and perfect his escape tricks. [PAR] Through the years, Houdini gained fame after repeatedly escaping from police handcuffs and jails. Harry was even given certificates from various wardens for escaping from their prisons. After making his name in America, Harry toured Europe, where he expanded his repertoire by escaping from straitjackets and coffins. Eventually, Harry was able to accomplish his dream of having a full show dedicated to his magic. [PAR] In his later years, Harry took his talent to the film arena, where he both acted and started his own film laboratory called The Film Development Corporation. Years later, Harry would receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In addition, Harry showed interest in the field of aviation and was the first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ecbatana | ancient city, Iran | Britannica.com Ecbatana | ancient city, Iran | Britannica.com [PAR] ancient city, Iran [PAR] Tepe Yahya [PAR] Ecbatana, ancient city on the site of which stands the modern city of Hamad\u0101n , Iran . Ecbatana was the capital of Media and was subsequently the summer residence of the Achaemenian kings and one of the residences of the Parthian kings. According to ancient Greek writers, the city was founded in about 678 bc by the semilegendary Deioces , who was the first king of the Medes. The Greek historian Herodotus described the city in the 5th century bc as being surrounded by seven concentric walls. Ecbatana was captured from the Median ruler Astyages by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 550 bc, and it was taken from the last Achaemenian ruler by Alexander the Great in 330 bc. The site of the ancient city lies partly within the modern city of Hamad\u0101n and has never been excavated. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Hamadan [PAR] city, capital of Hamad\u0101n province, west-central Iran. It is situated at the northeastern foot of Mount Alvand (11,716 feet [3,571 metres]). Itself at an elevation of 6,158 feet (1,877 metres), the city dominates the wide, fertile plain of the upper Qareh S\u016b River. There is a sizable... [PAR] Mithradates I [PAR] ...eastern satrapies could come only from the Parthians, who under Mithradates began the assault. They occupied Media in 155, which opened the route to Mesopotamia. In 148\u2013147 Mithradates reached Ecbatana, where he moved his capital. Rhagae was \u201crefounded\u201d and given the dynastic name of Arsacia, and in 141 Mithradates took Seleucia on the Tigris and was recognized king of... [PAR] The kingdom of the Medes [PAR] Traditionally, the creator of the Median kingdom was one Deioces, who, according to Herodotus, reigned from 728 to 675 bc and founded the Median capital Ecbatana (modern Hamad\u0101n). Attempts have been made to associate D\u0101iukku, a local Zagros king mentioned in a cuneiform text as one of the captives deported to Assyria by Sargon II in 714 bc, with the Deioces of Herodotus, but... [PAR] 7 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] capital of Media (in Deioces ) (in Media ) [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crappie Fishing Crappie Fishing [PAR] John on Crappie Fishing - www.Crappie.com [PAR] Crappie are, in my opinion, one of the most fun fish to catch and certainly one of the best tasting fish. They swim in large schools and are found throughout most of the U.S. and into Canada. Crappie prefer fairly warm water and are normally found in nearly all types of cover. They average 6-11\" fully grown, however with enough food and cover they can reach lengths up to 17\". A large crappie is referred to as a \"Slab\". In most waters, crappie with a weight of 1/2 to 1 pound are considered good fish. In other waters, crappie are not considered large until they hit the 1 1/2 or 2 pound mark. They can, under ideal circumstances, reach weights of up to 6 pounds. [PAR] Black Crappie vs. White Crappie [PAR] There are two sub-species to the common crappie. The black crappie, which gets its name from its slightly darker appearance, and the white crappie. The black crappie is usually white or gray with dark gray or black spots covering most of its sides. It has 7-8 dorsal spines on the top of its back. The white crappie tends to be lighter in color and often has distinct vertical bars of gray extending down its sides. It has 5-6 dorsal spines. Both of the sub-species have nearly the same feeding patterns and spawning time. I have heard the black crappie prefers clearer water, where the white crappie tolerates muddier water better. They are both terrific in the pan, I might add. [PAR] Crappie Baits [PAR] Crappie are versatile feeders, eating most types of insects, worms, and small crayfish and minnows. This variety of forage makes choosing baits for crappie fairly simple. Just about every angler has one bait that he or she swears will outfish any other. This is because that person probably uses that particular bait much more than any other. This is not necessarily a bad thing, however, because having confidence in your bait is almost as important as having a bait at all. As a rule of thumb, if the fish are eating it, keep using it. When the fish seem to stop eating it, don't keep using it. If the fish aren't biting, you can try three things: [PAR] Try a different presentation. That is slow down, speed up, twitch, or change your retrieve in some way. [PAR] Try a different color lure. Crappie are especially famous for being color picky. Simply switching from a green jig to a yellow one can make the difference between a few bites and a stringer of slabs. [PAR] Change baits completely. If you have been using minnows all day and have caught no fish, try switching to a small spinner or jig. The fish could want something with more or less action than your bait produces, so you must experiment until you find what they want. Most baits will catch plenty of fish provided they are presented to the fish in the right way at the right time. That means choosing a lure is about 50% trial-and-error and 50% your preference. Though minnows and worms are often very effective for catching crappie, I rarely use them because of their cost and/or effort to catch them. The three types of lures that I use most and I recommend to all crappie anglers are: [PAR] 1. Maribou Jigs- These are the small jigs that have little furry bodies and puffy, feathery tails. They come in many sizes and tons of colors,are very durable, and are fairly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Submarine HMS Truculent - submarinewarfare.uk British Submarine HMS Truculent [PAR] Contact [PAR] British Submarine HMS Truculent [PAR] \"Of all the branches of men in the Forces, there is none which shows more devotion and faces grimmer perils than the submariner. [PAR] Great deeds are done in the air and on the land; nevertheless, nothing surpasses your exploits.\" Winston Churchill. [PAR] \"Only in attack does a submarine reveal herself, before creeping away to the concealment of the deep\" [PAR] T Class [PAR] \"On the evening of 12th January 1950 HMS Truculent was proceeding on the surface from the submarine exercise area to Sheerness on completion of Dockyard trials, for which a party of Chatham dockyard officers and men were also on board. The SS Divina, with a Trinity House pilot on board, was on passage from the Port of London to Ipswich and at the time of the collision, shortly after 7pm, was in the vicinity of the West Oaze Buoy, a narrow part of the Thames estuary. for some time before the impact each vessel had the lights of the other in sight....\". [PAR] The subsequent Board of Enquiry report states that: (The submarine) entered the Thames Estuary through Princes Channel, thence passing between Red Sand Sheal and Shivering Sand Fort on course 280 degrees Her speed was about 9 knots through the water. In Oaze Deep, course was altered to 261 degrees. The collision occurred with SS Divina in position one mile bearing 287 degrees from Red Sand Tower. This section of info came from: George Malcolmson Archivist submuseum Haslar [PAR] Extract from Weekend magazine, November 1983 [PAR] MY MIRACLE ESCAPE FROM DOOMED SUBMARINE [PAR] By Frederick Henley DSM [PAR] Memorial Plaque (Image: Dave Henley - son of survivor) [PAR] Fred Henley [PAR] Model of HMS Truculent [PAR] Picking a delicate way through the dark waters of the Thames Estuary at a steady 10 knots, our submarine, HMS Truculent, was almost in sight of home. With any luck, some of us might even have a few hours ashore that night. But, although we didn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt know it, Truculent\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds luck was running out fast. We had left Sheerness at 8.30 am on January 12, 1950, for engine and snorkel trials. We had cruised around underwater off Margate and Ramsgate, coming to the surface in late afternoon. It had been an uneventful day. With 18 civilians aboard \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd fitters, electricians and son on from the naval dockyard \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd we mustered 79 men. Few would survive the horror that was to come. I was a Leading Seaman (Torpedoes, Anti-submarine) at the time, and the Royal Navy was my life. After two or three years on subs, I thought I knew the ropes. But when the order came from the bridge to bring up the Manual of Seamanship, I was a bit surprised. I had never known anybody to want that particular textbook \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a pretty hefty volume \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd before. Certainly not our captain, Lieutenant Charles Bowers, a highly experienced submarine officer who had been mentioned in dispatches during the Second World War. Altogether, it was a strange order but, after rummaging through the chart cabinet, I found a copy of the manual and managed to obey it. It was just before 1900 hours on the Control Room clock when I left to climb the conning tower ladder to the bridge. I handed the manual to young Sub-Lieutenant Frew \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd it was his first submarine posting \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and watched as he leafed through the pages, opened it, and handed it to the navigation officer. Lieutenant Humphrey-Baker and the Captain. It was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hispanic Day in Spain - Time and Date Hispanic Day in Spain [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays Spain Hispanic Day [PAR] Hispanic Day in Spain [PAR] Hispanic Day (D\u00eda de la Hispanidad) or National Day (Fiesta Nacional de Espa\u00f1a) is an annual national public holiday in Spain on October 12. It commemorates when Christopher Columbus first set foot in the Americas in 1492. [PAR] Statue of Christopher Columbus [PAR] The Christopher Columbus monument in Barcelona, Spain. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Lya_Cattel [PAR] Celebrate Hispanic Day [PAR] The king of Spain supervises the raising of the Spanish national flag in the center of Madrid on Hispanic Day. He and the prime minister lead a military parade after that. The parade includes representatives from most of Spain's military units and various military vehicles. Armed forces' planes perform aerobatics above the parade route and display yellow and red smoke to represent the Spanish flag. Radio, television and Internet news services broadcast live on these events. [PAR] Hispanic Day is a day off work and an opportunity to spend time quietly at home or in the company of family members and close friends. People in the Aragon region in the north-east of Spain also commemorate Our Lady of the Pillar, their patron saint, on October 12. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Hispanic Day is a national public holiday in Spain on October 12. Public life is generally quiet and many businesses and other organizations are closed. Many stores are closed but some bakers and food stores may be open. Public transport services generally run to a reduced schedule, although there may be no services in rural areas. [PAR] If October 12 falls on a Sunday, regional or local authorities can move the public holiday to a different date. If October 12 falls on a Tuesday or Thursday, many businesses and organizations are also closed on Monday, October 11, or Friday, October 13. Some people may use the long weekend to take a short vacation in Spain or abroad during these years. [PAR] About Hispanic Day [PAR] According to the Julian calendar, Christopher Columbus set sail from the port of Palos de la Frontera in South-West Spain on August 3, 1492. He landed on a island that is now part of the Bahamas in the Caribbean on October 12, 1492.The anniversary of this date is marked as Hispanic Day in Spain. [PAR] Events similar to Hispanic Day to mark the anniversary of the date Christopher Columbus first set foot in the Americas are also held in other countries. October 12 is known as Discovery Day in the Bahamas, Day of the Cultures in Costa Rica, Day of the Race in Argentina, Chile and Mexico and the Day of Indigenous Resistance in Venezuela. The second Monday of October is Columbus Day in the United States.[DOC] [TLE] Chilean Holidays- Chile Facts - Pepe's Chilean Adoration Page Chilean Holidays- Chile Facts - Pepe's Chilean Adoration Page [PAR] January 1: New Year's Day [PAR] Chile welcomes in the new year with the rest of the world. [PAR] March or April: Easter and Holy Week [PAR] Traditional Christian holidays celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, includes Good Friday and the Saturday following [PAR] May 1: Labor Day or Day of the Worker [PAR] Celebrate economic and social contributions of workers. Why is May 1st a holiday in Chile? [PAR] May 21: Navy Day [PAR] Commemorates the great naval battle of Iquique and other naval victories [PAR] June 29: Saint Peter and Saint Paul [PAR] Catholic feast celebrating these saints [PAR] July 16: Fiesta de la Virgin del Carmen: [PAR] Feast celebrated by Catholics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, Headquarters for the ... The Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, Headquarters for the Department of Defense [PAR] Tourist attractions in Virginia [PAR] The Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, Headquarters for the Department of Defense [PAR] The Pentagon, which is located in Arlington, Virginia, is the official headquarters for the Department of Defense. The neoclassical building replaced the 17 buildings that were once used by the War Department. [PAR] The Pentagon, which was designed by architect George Bergstrom, was built in only 16 months at a cost of around $83 million. It was completed on January 15, 1943. At most, the building housed 33,000 workers. Today, 23,000 people, both military and civilian, report to work at the Pentagon each day. [PAR] Until January of 2008, The Pentagon, which sits across the Potomac River from Washington D.C., held the record for the building with the most square feet in the United States. A building in Las Vegas was built that has over 30,000 more square feet than The Pentagon. Still, The Pentagon remains one of the largest office buildings in the world. [PAR] There are 3,705,793 square feet of office space and over 17 miles of hallways contained in the five \"wedges'' that make up the building. There are five floors and two basement levels. There is also a five acre courtyard in the center. There is a state of the art gym and several dining options within The Pentagon as well. [PAR] Interestingly, because the building was built during World War II, no marble was used. That is because marble is imported from Italy, a country that was an enemy during that war. [PAR] The Pentagon was attacked on September 11, 2001 when terrorists flew American Airlines Flight 77 into the building. Sadly, 125 Pentagon employees were killed in the attack. Repairs to the building cost close to $500 million. [PAR] Tours are free to the public and are available by reservation only. Most visitors agree that taking a tour is worth is even if only for the novelty of being able to visit the building where so many decisions that have had a huge impact on the country have been made. [PAR] A visitor from Philadelphia said, \"I'm not sure what the tour would have talked about pre-9/11 because 40% of the talking points were about the damage to the building, etc. Still very interesting and the memorial room is quite touching.'' Some visitors said they arranged the tours through their State Senator's office. [PAR] Visitors planning to take a tour should become acquainted with the strict security guidelines that govern all visitors to The Pentagon. Tours are not given on weekends or on any Federal holidays. Those wishing to reserve a tour should do so as far in advance as possible. [PAR] Review, comment, or add new information about this topic: [PAR] Name:[DOC] [TLE] Pentagon | building, Arlington, Virginia, United States ... Pentagon | building, Arlington, Virginia, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] building, Arlington, Virginia, United States [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Pentagon, large five-sided building in Arlington county, Virginia , near Washington, D.C. , that serves as the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense , including all three military services\u2014Army, Navy, and Air Force. [PAR] Aerial view of the Pentagon, Arlington, Va. [PAR] Hisham F. Ibrahim/Getty Images [PAR] Constructed during 1941\u201343, the Pentagon was intended to consolidate the offices of the War Department, which had occupied 17 separate facilities throughout Washington. Although President Franklin D. Roosevelt initially favoured a building without windows to protect it from potential air raids, he was later convinced by building engineers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australia Day Military Coup (1808): The Rum Rebellion ... Australia Day Military Coup (1808): The Rum Rebellion - Xplore Sydney [PAR] Australia Day Military Coup (1808): The Rum Rebellion [PAR] Major Johnston announcing the arrest of Governor Bligh. [PAR] By Bronte Small [PAR] In 1808, Sydney was home to Australia\u2019s only successful armed takeover of government to date. It happened on what would come to be known in 100 years\u2019 time as Australia Day, and was in reaction to rising tensions in Sydney between Governor Bligh, real estate developers, and the public interest in the currency of the time \u2013 rum. [PAR] Bligh was governor between 1806 and 1808, and was employed to whip Sydney\u2019s convict colony into shape. He was stubborn, bad-tempered, and did everything by the book, being unable whatsoever to negotiate or be diplomatic. [PAR] Bligh\u2019s initial move in bringing some order back into Sydney was to take back land for public use. He exploited prime urban land near the water for himself and disrespected citizens\u2019 property rights, creating discord within the relatively young colony of only 7000. He also managed to exert some control over the rebellious NSW Corps, who were the rejects of the British Army. [PAR] Governor William Bligh [PAR] Potentially the most destructive aspect of civilian life that Bligh had control over was the rum. This was used as the main currency rather than money, as Britain had never intended Australia to become a fully functioning country in it\u2019s own right. It was meant to be a penal colony and base for Britain in the Southern Hemisphere, and as such was never allocated a currency, and rum was used instead. [PAR] Many, including wealthy Sydney entrepreneur John Macarthur, took advantage of this and imported and sold excessive amounts of rum, as well as importing stills to produce more of the product, and consequently dominating the rum market. However Bligh\u2019s input stemmed the flow of rum throughout the colony, leaving many stranded with their wealth made redundant, and others such as Macarthur without a job. [PAR] First Government House, Sydney (circa 1807) [PAR] [PAR] Many were threatened by Bligh\u2019s power throughout the colony, creating rising tensions amongst the NSW Corps and leading civilians such as Macarthur, who was arrested for letting a convict escape on one of his ships, and the NSW Corps refused to trial him because they were allies against Bligh. [PAR] On the morning of the 26th of January, Macarthur was released from detention and immediately drew up a petition for the arrest of Bligh, where all the leading citizens and officers of the army corps signed it cooking up \u2018The Great Rebellion,\u2019 or as it would come to be known later, \u2018The Rum Rebellion\u2019. [PAR] West Cove of Sydney Harbour (circa 1803). [PAR] By 6pm, Macarthur had organised 400 men from the NSW Corps to march around Sydney Cove up George St, in bright military colours. They were accompanied by a live band playing \u2018The British Grenadiers\u2019 as they advanced. They arrived at Government House where Bligh lived and surrounded it, making as big of a show as they could. The area is now Wynyard Square in the city. [PAR] It took the NSW Corps two hours to get to Bligh and arrest him. Eventually, after searching the house, they found him in a small private room hidden by a curtain trying to hide his personal papers. He was promptly arrested. [PAR] The NSW Corps spread the rumours that he was found hiding under his bed in order to discredit him as much as possible in the eyes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French's - Free definitions by Babylon French's - Free definitions by Babylon [PAR] French's [PAR] Download this dictionary [PAR] French's [PAR] French\u2019s is an American brand of prepared mustard condiments, fried onions, and other food items. Created by Robert Timothy French, French\u2019s \u201cCream Salad Brand\u201d mustard debuted to the world at the 1904 St. Louis World\u2019s Fair . By 1921, French\u2019s Mustard had adopted its trademark pennant and begun advertising to the general public. French's is owned by Reckitt Benckiser Group plc . [PAR] French, an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to France [PAR] French language , a Romance language which originated in France, and its various dialects [PAR] French people , a nation and ethnic group identified with France [PAR] French (surname) , including a list of people with the surname [PAR] French River (disambiguation) , name of several rivers and other places [PAR] French's , an American manufacturer of mustard condiment [PAR] The French (band) , British rock band [PAR] French catheter scale , a system for measuring the size of a catheter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sex dictionary definition | sex defined Sex dictionary definition | sex defined [PAR] LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST [PAR] Her sex is female. [PAR] noun [PAR] The definition of sex is the classification of people as male or female, typically assigned at birth based on the appearance of external anatomy. [PAR] An example of sex is female. [PAR] The definition of sex is any function or behavior involved with reproduction. [PAR] An example of sex is an act to create a baby. [PAR] sex [PAR] either of the two divisions, male or female, into which persons, animals, or plants are divided, with reference to their reproductive functions [PAR] the character of being male or female; all the attributes by which males and females are distinguished [PAR] anything connected with sexual gratification or reproduction or the urge for these; esp., the attraction of those of one sex for those of the other [PAR] intercourse (sense ) [PAR] Latin, from sex, six; see s(w)eks in Indo-European roots. [PAR] sex [PAR] See also homosexuality ; male ; women . [PAR] algolagnia the finding of sexual pleasure in suffering or inflicting physical pain; sadomasochism. \u2014algolagnist, n. \u2014algolagnic, adj. amphierotism Rare. bisexualism. \u2014amphierotic, adj. anaphrodisia Medicine. the absence or loss of sexual desire. Also called sexual anesthesia. andromania nymphomania. aphrodisia an extreme state of sexual desire. aphrodisiac a food or other substance that creates sexual desire. \u2014aphrodisiac, adj. aphrodisiomania a mania for sexual pleasure. autoeroticism Psychoanalysis. the arousal and satisfaction of sexual desires within or by oneself, usually by masturbation. Also autoerotism. \u2014autoerotic, adj. bawdry 1. Archaic. the practice or occupation of being a bawd or procurer. 2. Obsolete, fornication or unlawful intercourse. bestiality sexual relations between a person and an animal. See also behavior . biomagnetism 1. animal magnetism, or the power that enables some people to induce a hypnotic state in others. 2. physical attraction between members of the sexes. \u2014biomagnetic, adj. bisexualism , bisexuality the state of being sexually responsive or attracted to members of both sexes. Also called amphierotism. See also body, human . \u2014bisexual, adj. carnality the practice of finding satisfaction in activities related to fleshly desires and appetites, especially the sexual. \u2014 carnal, adj. coitophobia an abnormal fear of sexual intercourse. Also called genophobia. coprophilia 1. the use of obscene or scatological language for sexual gratification. 2. a love of obscenity. 3. Psychiatry. an abnormal interest in feces, especially as a source of sexual excitement. cryptorchidism the failure of one or both testes to descend normally. \u2014cryp-torchid, n., adj. defloration the act of having sexual intercourse with a virgin; devirgination. devirgination Obsolete, the deflowering of a virgin. Also called defloration. edeomania an obsession with genitals. eonism Psychiatry. the adoption, by a male, of feminine mannerisms, clothing, etc. Also called transvestism, transvestitism. epicenism the state or quality of combining characteristics of both sexes. \u2014epicenity, n. \u2014epicene, adj. eroticism 1. the erotic or sexual quality of something. 2. the use of sexually arousing or stimulating materials in literature, drama, art, etc. 3. the condition of being sexually stimulated. 4. a sexual drive or tendency. 5. an abnormally persistent sexual drive. Also erotism. eroticomania an abnormal interest in erotica. erotographomania an abnormal interest in erotic literature. erotology the study of sex as a skill. erotomania abnormal or uncontrollable sexual desire. \u2014erotomaniac, n., adj. erotophobia an abnormal fear of sexual feelings and their physical expression. estrus , oestrus the condition of being in rut or sexual arousal, applied particularly to the female. Also called est rum, oestrum. \u2014estrous, oestrous, adj. eunuchism 1. the process or tradition of castrating males."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greek Poet and Singer Arion Was #Blessed The Greek Poet and Singer Arion Was #Blessed [PAR] By Carly Silver [PAR] Updated February 23, 2016. [PAR] Ancient Greek poets were magic! Need more evidence than that simple statement? We've got all the details on this seaworthy adventurer, who could mount a dolphin as easily as he could strum his own instrument. [PAR] Sail Away [PAR] Herodotus starts us off with the basic story of Arion, who hung out at lot in the city of Corinth . He landed on the Peloponnese, \"brought there by a dolphin\" during the reign of Periander , seventh-century B.C. tyrant of Corinth. At the spot where Arion and his dolphin landed was a bronze statue of the musician riding Flipper like a cowboy. That locale was Taenarum , a cape near Corinth. [PAR] Arion, who hailed from the town of Methymna on the island of Lesbos, wound up finding his dolphin companion after a chance encounter with pirates. Once , he wanted to explore the Mediterranean world, heading to Italy and Sicily; when he was done, he hired a ship to go back home to Corinth. The boat's crew saw how much wealth he'd accumulated while overseas, so they conspired to rob and kill him. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What are the Seven Wonders of the World [PAR] According to Hyginus's Fabulae , written centuries later, \" Apollo appeared to him in a dream and bade him sing in his poet\u2019s garland crown, and surrender himself to those who would come to aid him.\" When the crew was about to kill him, Arion requested one last song to stall, perhaps his own funeral dirge ; when he started belting out a tune, the local dolphin pod swarmed the ship and Arion tossed himself overboard, rescued by his mammal pals. This transformative, death-to-life sequence has close ties to a hero's journey to the Underworld (hey, Heracles, hey!). But Arion survived after he \"charmed the ocean waves,\" as Ovid claims ; he rode one dolphin all the way to Corinth, where the animal died and a monument to it was constructed. [PAR] Hyginus states that Periander faked worry about Arion's fate when he saw his ship come in without the poet, knowing the sailors were bad guys. The crew claimed that Arion had died and they'd buried him; Periander required that they swear it was the truth on his Dolphin Monument. Arion hid inside the dolphin statue and shocked the crew into silence; Periander ordered them crucified in punishment. But to celebrate Arion, Hyginus claims, \"Apollo, because of Arion\u2019s skill with the cithara, placed him and the dolphin among the star.\" Indeed, as Dio Chrysostom notes , this guy was very \"dear to the gods.\" [PAR] Beautiful Music [PAR] Arion's biggest gifts to musicians, as the story goes, were his skill on the lyre and his contribution to poetry. He \"was a lyre-player second to none in that age; he was the first man whom we know to compose and name the dithyramb, which he afterwards taught at Corinth,\" according to Herodotus. The dithyramb was a choral song that fifty guys warbled in honor of Dionysus. These were pretty popular in a culture in which attending and participating in theater was a huge civic and religious responsibility. [PAR] The tradition of Arion continued on long past his lifetime. The third-century B.C. poet Posidippus wrote an epigram chronicling the journey of Arion's lyre from Greece to Alexandria in Egypt, where it winds up as a votive object. He quips that \"Arion's dolphin\" brought"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Us | Sundance Institute About Us | Sundance Institute [PAR] Read the 2016 Sundance Institute Annual Report \u00bb [PAR] Our Mission [PAR] Sundance Institute is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the discovery and development of independent artists and audiences. Through its programs, the Institute seeks to discover, support, and inspire independent film and theatre artists from the United States and around the world, and to introduce audiences to their new work. [PAR] Our Vision [PAR] We believe that a story driven by an individual, authentic voice can awaken new ideas that have the power to delight and entertain, push creative boundaries, spark new levels of empathy and understanding, and even lead to social change. We support independent storytellers and advance the impact of their work in the world. [PAR] Board of Trustees [PAR] Robert Redford, President and Founder [PAR] Robert Redford is somewhat of an anomaly in the entertainment industry. Though he has been world-famous for some 30 years, he remains a highly private individual. He is an ardent conservationist and environmentalist, a man who stands for social responsibility and political involvement and an artist and businessman who is a staunch supporter of uncompromised creative expression. His passion remains to make films of substance and social/cultural relevance, as well as to encourage others to express themselves through the arts. [PAR] He is recognized the world over for the roles he has played and the projects he has directed or produced throughout a distinguished stage and film career. Believing that it is the unexpected and uncommon, which ultimately enlivens the cultural ecology of a society, Redford has nurtured more than a generation of innovative voices in independent film through his non-profit Sundance Institute and Film Festival. Harvard Business Review observed, \u201cSundance has become to Hollywood what Silicon Valley has been to the high-tech industry.\u201d His life-long passion for nature and issues of justice has resulted in Redford being widely acknowledged as a highly effective and dedicated political and environmental activist. [PAR] Pat Mitchell, Board Chair [PAR] Pat Mitchell is known for her leadership in the media industry as a CEO, producer and curator. Her career has focused on using media as a force for social change, with a special emphasis on the representation of women\u2019s voices and stories. [PAR] The first woman president and CEO of PBS, she most recently served as president and CEO of the Paley Center for Media; she is now a senior adviser to the organization. Mitchell is also the former president of CNN Productions, where she executive produced hundreds of hours of documentaries and specials, which received 35 Emmy Awards and five Peabody Awards. [PAR] She was inducted into the Broadcasting and Cable Hall of Fame in 2009, named one of the Most Powerful Women in Hollywood by Hollywood Reporter and featured in Fast Company\u2019s special report, The League of Extraordinary Women: 60 Influencers Who Are Changing the World. [PAR] Mitchell currently advises foundations and corporations on issues of women\u2019s empowerment and leadership development as well as media and governance. She is the chair of the Women\u2019s Media Center and Sundance Institute boards, a founding board member of V-Day, a member of the board of the Acumen Fund, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Mitchell partners with the TED organization to co-curate and host a global TEDWomen conference. [PAR] A magna cum laude graduate of the University of Georgia with bachelor's and master's degrees in English literature, Mitchell has taught at her alma mater, Virginia Commonwealth University, and at Harvard University\u2019s Institute of Politics. [PAR] Jeanne Donovan Fisher, Vice Chair"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Former heavyweight champion Patterson dies at 71 - Redorbit Former heavyweight champion Patterson dies at 71 - Redorbit [PAR] Former heavyweight champion Patterson dies at 71 [PAR] by Sam Savage [PAR] NEW YORK (Reuters) - Former world heavyweight boxing [PAR] champion Floyd Patterson, who became the youngest boxer to gain [PAR] the title when he knocked out Archie Moore in 1956 at the age [PAR] of 21, died on Thursday. He was 71. [PAR] Patterson, who had suffered from Alzheimer's disease and [PAR] prostate cancer, died at his home in New Paltz, New York. [PAR] Patterson, who was elected into the International Boxing [PAR] Hall of Fame in 1991, was small for a heavyweight and used a [PAR] peek-a-boo style with his gloves held high in front of his [PAR] face, using his quickness to defeat heftier opponents. [PAR] He had three famed clashes with Sweden's Ingemar Johansson [PAR] in a long career that stretched from his first great [PAR] professional success against Moore through bouts against Sonny [PAR] Liston and Muhammad Ali. [PAR] \"Of all the men I fought, Sonny Liston was the scariest, [PAR] George Foreman was the most powerful, Floyd Patterson was the [PAR] most skilled as a boxer,\" Ali once said. [PAR] New York Gov. George Pataki saluted Patterson, who was born [PAR] in Waco, North Carolina, and raised in New York City's borough [PAR] of Brooklyn. [PAR] \"Floyd Patterson was a world champion athlete and an [PAR] inspiration to many Americans,\" Pataki said in a statement. [PAR] \"From his signature style in the ring to his support for [PAR] amateur athletics later in life, Floyd Patterson was truly the [PAR] \"gentleman of boxing.\" [PAR] After an amateur career that included Olympic gold as a [PAR] middleweight in 1952, Patterson turned professional. On [PAR] November 30, 1956, he claimed the world heavyweight title [PAR] vacated by the retirement of Rocky Marciano by knocking out [PAR] Moore in the fifth round. [PAR] Patterson was 21 at the time, making him the youngest [PAR] heavyweight champion until 20-year-old Mike Tyson beat Trevor [PAR] Berbick for the title in 1986. Patterson and Tyson were both [PAR] trained by Cus D'Amato. [PAR] Following four title defenses, Patterson lost the crown in [PAR] 1959 when he was knocked down seven times in the third round. [PAR] losing to Sweden's Johansson in New York. [PAR] One year later, Patterson became the first heavyweight [PAR] champion to regain the crown when he returned to the Polo [PAR] Grounds to knock out Johansson in the fifth round. [PAR] Patterson won a third bout against Johansson in 1961, [PAR] stopping the big Swede in the sixth round. [PAR] He made one more successful defense before losing the title [PAR] to fellow-American Liston by a first-round knockout in 1962. [PAR] Patterson fought three more times for the heavyweight [PAR] title. He was knocked out again in the first round by Liston in [PAR] 1963, was stopped after a 12-round beating by Muhammad Ali in [PAR] 1965, and lost a 15-round decision to Jimmy Ellis in 1968. [PAR] Ali carried a grudge into the 1965 bout against Patterson. [PAR] He was angry that Patterson refused to call him Muhammad [PAR] Ali, and continued to refer to him by his birth name, Cassius [PAR] Clay. Instead of finishing him off in the one-sided fight, Ali [PAR] mocked and punished Patterson before stopping him in the 12th. [PAR] Patterson retired in 1972 at age 37 with a professional [PAR] record of 55-8-1. He later served a stint as New York state [PAR] athletic commissioner. [PAR] Patterson once"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Dipsosis - MedicineNet Definition of Dipsosis [PAR] Definition of Dipsosis [PAR] Causes of a Heart Attack Slideshow [PAR] Dipsosis: Excessive thirst; overwhelming desire for water or another liquid. Dipsosis may occur when the amount of water in the body falls below normal. Any activity that causes perspiration can deplete the body's water supply and trigger dipsosis. So can fever , anxiety , sunburn and heat exhaustion . Other causes of water loss and dipsosis include the following: [PAR] Diuretic medicines [PAR] Taking in too much salt [PAR] Diabetes: In diabetes, excessive levels of glucose , a type of sugar, build up in the blood. When the body disposes of some of the excess glucose through urination, the extra glucose in the urine acts as what is called an osmotic diuretic and requires more water to be added to the urine. Considerable water loss occurs. The person then becomes very thirsty. [PAR] Vomiting and diarrhea: Both vomiting and diarrhea deplete the body of water holus-bolus. Illnesses that cause vomiting and diarrhea require treatment that replenishes the body's water orally (by mouth) or intravenously (IV). Rehydration also should include other substances that have been lost. For example, if sodium has been depleted, there needs to be some salt in the fluid being drunk or administered IV. [PAR] Diuretic beverages: Diuretic beverages, those that promote urination, include coffee, tea, beer and other alcoholic beverages. [PAR] Diuretic medicines: Too high a dose of a diuretic drug, one that promotes the formation of urine, also will cause dehydration and lead to excessive thirst (dipsosis). [PAR] Taking in too much salt: Ham, canned soup, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut, lunch meats, snack foods (like pretzels and peanuts) and fast foods all tend to contain high levels of salt. These foods should be eaten sparingly to prevent dipsosis. [PAR] \"Dipsosis\" is derived from the Greek \"dipsa\" (thirst) and \"-sis\" (a suffix meaning condition or state). [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Cotton Club Reviews & Ratings - IMDb The Cotton Club Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 85 reviews in total [PAR] 48 out of 63 people found the following review useful: [PAR] An absolute classic, the more times you watch it, the more you become mesmerised by it. [PAR] from England [PAR] 26 June 2000 [PAR] The first time I saw this movie I loved the music and dancing and appreciated the setting. I found it strange and couldn't follow it properly. I watched it a second and third time, partly to see the dancing again, and listen to the music, and the plot completely grew on me. I absolutely love this movie. It is complex, and extremely accurate in its portrayal of the time when gangsters owned stars. If you love jazz music and know a little about its history, you will be enraptured by this movie. [PAR] The acting is incredible, and highlights the subtle twists in the plot beautifully. The cinematography is done in a most expert fashion. Richard Gere and Gregory Hines are absolutely charming, and Diane Lane is perfect is Vera Cicero. Lonette McKee has one of the most beautiful voices you will ever hear, it is no wonder she received a Tony award. Any viewer will be surprised by the guest appearances including Nicholas Cage, Bob Hoskins, Lawrence Fishburne, and on-screen and real-life brother of Gregory, Maurice Hines. Not only one of Coppola's best, but one of the best of all time. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 39 out of 49 people found the following review useful: [PAR] One of Francis Coppola's best and underrated films [PAR] from Canada [PAR] 19 July 2002 [PAR] The Cotton Club is such a well-made movie, you have to wonder why so many critics and audiences ignored it when it was first released. Was it because of the murder case surrounding its production? Or did some people feel that a mixture of gangster films and Hollywood musicals didn't mix? Whatever the reason, The Cotton Club deserves to be watched again and again, not just for its music and dancing, but for the great performances, scenery, cars, costumes...and tommy-guns. The movie was nominated for two Oscars, but a third nomination should have gone to Bob Hoskins, for his brilliant performance as Owney Madden. Despite his few film credits, James Remar is brilliant as Dutch Schultz and comes across as the sort of person you wouldn't want to meet in a dark alley. [PAR] There are rumours the film may be re-released with scenes and music that were cut from the original version. If this is true, would the film finally become a hit? After all, Robert Evans, the film's producer, apparently told one reporter...\"How can it miss? It's got gangsters, music and girls.\" Well said, Robert. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 42 out of 63 people found the following review useful: [PAR] OK Movie with too much going on and too messy [PAR] from Houston [PAR] 27 July 2005 [PAR] I saw this movie when it first came out and I thought it was a mess. Now years later while I have the luxury of sitting in my house watching the various showings on cable, I like a better. Why because this movie is IMO 3 different movies going on at once. I Now I am able to concentrate on one aspect of the movie more then the whole. [PAR] I will start with movie #1... The Cotton club, the nightclub where everything converges and what"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] britishtennis.com - History of Tennis britishtennis.com - The British Tennis Website [PAR] [PAR] History of Tennis [PAR] Lets take a step back in time. Below we have identified key moments in tennis history. Cream boxes containing the General heading represent general tennis history facts, while green boxes containing the Wimbledon heading represent specific moments in Wimbledon history. [PAR] All facts are listed in chronological order (if read as newspaper columns) for your convenience. Enjoy! [PAR] 12th Century [PAR] General: Origins trace back to French game called \"Paume\" (\"Palm\"), where players hit a small ball over a net by hand. [PAR] 16th Century [PAR] General: The racket was actually invented in Italy in 1583. [PAR] General: Paume evolved into \"Jeu de Paume\" (\"Game of Palm\") and a racket was used instead of a hand. [PAR] 1873 [PAR] General: Major Walter Wingfield invented the game called \"Sphairistik\ufffd\" (Greek for \"playing ball\") and first introduced it to Wales (UK). [PAR] Played on hour-glass shaped courts on Manor House lawns by wealthy English people. This is truly where modern tennis evolved. [PAR] General: The game soon became known as \"tennis\", thought to come from the French word \"tenir\" (\"hold this\"), \"tendere\" (\"to hold\"), or \"tenez\" (\"to take\"). The precise origins are unknown. [PAR] 1875 [PAR] Wimbledon: Henry Cavendish Jones convinced the All England Croquet Club to replace a croquet court with a lawn tennis court. Marylebone Cricket Club followed suit. [PAR] Wimbledon: Marylebone Cricket Club made significant changes to the game. They added Deuce , Advantage , and 2 chances per serve. The hourglass-shaped court also changed to a rectangular court, identical to the measurements we use today! [PAR] 1877 [PAR] Wimbledon: The very first World Tennis Championship was held in 1877 at Worple Road in Wimbledon (United Kingdom), the true home of tennis! The sponsors were the All England Croquet Club. Only 22 players entered the Mens Singles, which was the only event. Spectators paid a mere one shilling to watch the final. The winner of this mens event was Spencer Gore, who aparently speculated that it would not catch on because it was too boring! [PAR] 1880 [PAR] Wimbledon: The Overhead Smash was introduced into the game by the Renshaw brothers. [PAR] They would dominate Wimbledon for a decade, winning all but 1880 and 1887 championships between them. [PAR] 1881 [PAR] General: The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) is founded, and the first U.S. Championships are played. [PAR] 1884 [PAR] Wimbledon: The Wimbledon Championships are open to women for the first time. There are only 13 participants. Mens doubles was also introduced for the first time. [PAR] 1887 [PAR] General: The U.S. Championships are open to women for the first time. [PAR] 1887 [PAR] Wimbledon: Lottie Dod of England wins the Wimbledon Ladies Singles title for the first of 5 times between 1887 and 1893. [PAR] She is the youngest player to win a singles event at the age of only 15 years and 285 days. [PAR] 1888 [PAR] General: Our very own Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) is founded in order to maintain the new rules and standards of tennis. [PAR] 1891 [PAR] General: The first French Championships are played. However, they rule these Championships are only open to French residents - trust the French! [PAR] 1897 [PAR] General: The French Championships are open to women for the first time. [PAR] 1899 [PAR] Wimbledon: The All England Croquet Club changed it's name to the All England Tennis & Croquet Club. [PAR] 1900 [PAR] General: The first Davis Cup Tournament is held. [PAR] 1905 [PAR] General: The first Australasian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Max Miller - the Cheeky Chapppie. Britain's Top Comedian Max Miller - the Cheeky Chapppie. Britain's Top Comedian [PAR] JOKES STAGE,RADIO & TV MILLER'S MOVIES CHEEKY BIOGRAPHY MAX'S LEGACY MMAS HOME PAGE MMAS NEWS STATUE MEMORABILIA SHOWS SHOPPING LINKS [PAR] Max Miller, Britain\u2019s top comedian in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s was born in Brighton, England. He excelled as a stand- [PAR] up comic playing in large variety theatres where his skill was such that he could hold an audience in the \u2018palm of his hand\u2019. He also made films, wrote and sang his own songs. [PAR] Max was renown for telling risqu\u00e9 jokes. He used innuendo and when on stage would woo his audience particularly the ladies. Much of his material was too blue for broadcasting. The song, Let\u2019s Have A Ride on Your Bicycle was banned by the BBC until it became too popular and public opinion forced the Corporation to lift the ban. [PAR] \u00a9 Website created for The Max Miller Appreciation Society by terry.hardy, Nov- [PAR] 99; Rev Dec-[DOC] [TLE] Max Miller ::::: She Said She Wouldn't. - YouTube Max Miller ::::: She Said She Wouldn't. - YouTube [PAR] Max Miller ::::: She Said She Wouldn't. [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 11, 2013 [PAR] Thomas Henry Sargent (21 November 1894 -- 7 May 1963), better known by the stage name Max Miller -- the Cheeky Chappie - was a British comedian who was top of the bill in variety in the 1930s, '40s and '50s. He made films, toured in revues and music hall, and sang and recorded songs, some of which he wrote. He was known for his flamboyant suits, his wicked charm, and his risqu\u00e9 jokes, which often got him into trouble with the censors. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Portugal flights - Lonely Planet Portugal flights - Lonely Planet [PAR] Read more [PAR] Boat [PAR] There are no scheduled seagoing ferries to Portugal, but many to Spain. The closest North African ferry connections are from Morocco to Spain; contact Trasmediterranea (www.trasmediterranea.es) for details. Car ferries also run from Tangier to Gibraltar."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games Museum: First Time at Olympic Summer First time at the Olympics [PAR] 1st Olympic Congress : 16 - 24. June 1894 Paris (Founding Congress) [PAR] Subject: Study and Diffusion of the Principles of Amateurism and Revival of the Olympic Games. [PAR] 1896 Athens [PAR] [PAR] First Modern Olympic Games held in Athens. Statistic first games [PAR] The Olympic Hymn of 1896. The text is by Kostis Palamas, the music is by Spyros Samaras. [PAR] It was presented for the first time in the opening ceremony of the first modern Olympic Games. [PAR] 1900 Paris [PAR] Women participate for the first time [PAR] First female winner: Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain in singles tennis. [PAR] 1904 St. Louis [PAR] [PAR] In 1904, for the first time, medals were awarded to the first three people to finish each event--a gold medal for first place, a silver medal for second, and a bronze medal for third. At the Athens Games 1896 the winners in each event received silver medals, as there was not enough money left to mint them in gold. [PAR] 1906 Athens [PAR] The Olympic oath [PAR] Defeated in WWI, Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary and Turkey are not allowed to participate. [PAR] First time of innovation at the Antwerp Games was the releasing of thousands of white doves at the opening ceremony as a symbol of peace among nations. [PAR] 1924 Paris [PAR] In 1924 for the first time, the Games returned to a former venue. [PAR] The Paris Games were the fist to have an Olympic Village for the athletes. [PAR] Olympic motto first officially used. [PAR] The president of France, Gaston Doumergue, opened the first Games to adopt the slogan: [PAR] \"Citius, Altius, Fortius\" (Swifter, Higher, Stronger) [PAR] It was pronounced for the first time from the Dominican father Eric Dinon and was [PAR] adopted in the 1924 Paris Olympic Games. [PAR] 1924 - Technology begins to win a place at the Olympic Games with the event's first live radio broadcast. [PAR] First Olympic Winter Games held in St. Moritz. [PAR] 1928 Amsterdam [PAR] First Olympic Flame to be lit and burned throughout whole Olympic Games [PAR] Olympic flame burned at the stadion for the first time ever. [PAR] First introduction of large results board. The objekt of a score board was to publish the results of the events immediately. [PAR] Women allowed to compete in track and field events. [PAR] First time Greece led parade of nations. [PAR] Slow-motion film techniques used to judge close finishes; women's track and field competitions held for first time. [PAR] The photography rights were sold to a commercial firm. [PAR] 1932 Los Angeles [PAR] Introduction of three-tiered victory stand. [PAR] Kirby Two-Eyed Electric Timing Camera [PAR] The stop-watch and photo finish were first used at the Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California. When officials found it impossible to determine the winner of the 100 meters race by naked eye and stop watch alone, newsreel film was analyzed to determine that Eddie Tolan (U.S.) was the gold medal winner. [PAR] First time the national anthem from the winner's country was played and the [PAR] national flag of medallists raised. [PAR] 1936 Berlin [PAR] 1948 London [PAR] [PAR] Fanny Blankers-Koen of Netherlands is first woman to win 4 gold medals in a single Games. [PAR] 1952 Helsinki [PAR] [PAR] The first Olympic coin was minted to mark the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki, Finland, 500 markka. [PAR] 1956 Melbourne [PAR] [PAR] First Games to be held in the Southern Hemisphere (Melbourne) [PAR] Athletes entered during the closing ceremony en masse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FBI Commemorates 100 Years of Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity FBI \u2014 FBI Commemorates 100 Years of Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity [PAR] 100th Anniversary Commemoration National Building Museum [PAR] Washington, D.C. [PAR] July 17, 2008 [PAR] Good morning. It is truly an honor to be here today to mark this significant milestone in the Bureau\u2019s history and to share in the celebration of this occasion\u2014the 100th anniversary of the FBI. [PAR] My thanks to Attorney General Mukasey and the many other distinguished guests for joining us today. [PAR] My special thanks, also, to Directors Webster, Sessions, and Freeh, for being here. Together, they represent three decades at the Bureau in which we saw a strong emphasis on white collar crime and organized crime, as well as counterintelligence cases. We witnessed innovations in crime-solving technologies and a dramatic expansion of our international program. [PAR] But let\u2019s go back a bit further in history. [PAR] One hundred years ago, Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte organized a group of investigators under the Justice Department. In July, 1908, the Bureau of Investigation opened its doors. [PAR] The first Bureau employees numbered just 34\u2014nine detectives, thirteen civil rights investigators, and twelve accountants. They investigated, among other things, antitrust matters, land fraud, and copyright violations. [PAR] Compare that to today\u2019s FBI\u2014a threat-based, intelligence-driven, technologically-supported agency of over 30,000 employees\u2014employees who are working in 56 field offices and 61 offices overseas. Employees who are combatting crimes as diverse as terrorism, corporate fraud, cyber crime, human trafficking, and money laundering. J. Edgar Hoover would have been proud. [PAR] Today\u2019s FBI is often, and I believe accurately, described as one of the world\u2019s few intelligence and law enforcement agencies combined. [PAR] The culture of the FBI is now, and for the past 100 years has been, a culture of hard work and dedication to protecting the United States, no matter what the challenges. [PAR] In the wake of the September 11 attacks, it became clear that the FBI\u2019s number one priority must be the prevention of another terrorist attack. We refocused our mission, revised our priorities, and realigned our work force. We strengthened lines of communication between the Bureau and our partners in the global intelligence and law enforcement community. And we are now stronger and better equipped to confront the threats we face today. [PAR] Today\u2019s FBI continues to reflect and embody its motto\u2014Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity. It is a motto emblazoned on the FBI Seal. And it is worth its weight in gold. [PAR] For the past 100 years, the men and women of the FBI have lived out their commitment to Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity. It is precisely because they have done so that the Bureau has the reputation that it enjoys today. [PAR] Even so, these are qualities that need to be constantly burnished by the men and women of the Bureau, to ensure they do not rust for lack of use. [PAR] For most of us, fidelity is faithfulness to an obligation, trust, or duty. [PAR] For the men and women of the FBI, fidelity also means fidelity to country. It means fidelity to justice and the law, fidelity to the Constitution, fidelity to equality and liberty. [PAR] Bravery is the quality of being willing to face danger, pain, or trouble; to remain unafraid. Bravery is not merely the act of rushing in where others flee. It is the quiet, diligent dedication to facing down those who would do us harm and bring them to justice. [PAR] The well-known tennis champion and social humanitarian, Arthur Ashe, once said, \u201cTrue heroism is remarkably sober,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Much Ado About Nothing: Act V, scenes iii\u2013iv SparkNotes: Much Ado About Nothing: Act V, scenes iii\u2013iv [PAR] Much Ado About Nothing [PAR] Act V, scenes iii\u2013iv [PAR] \u2192 [PAR] Act V, scenes i\u2013ii [PAR] Act V, scenes iii\u2013iv, page 2 [PAR] page 1 of 2 [PAR] Summary: Act V, scene iii [PAR] Early in the morning, at the tomb where Hero supposedly lies buried, Claudio carries out the first part of the punishment that Leonato has ordered him to perform. Claudio has written an epitaph, or death poem, celebrating Hero\u2019s innocence and grieving the slander that (he believes) led to her death. He reads the epitaph out loud and hangs it upon the tomb. He solemnly promises that he will come and read it here at this time every year. Everyone then goes off to prepare for Claudio\u2019s wedding to Leonato\u2019s niece, the supposed Hero look-alike, which is to occur that very day. [PAR] Summary: Act V, scene iv [PAR] Meanwhile, in the church, Leonato, Antonio, Beatrice, Benedick, Hero, Margaret, Ursula, and the friar prepare for the second wedding of Claudio and Hero. We learn from their conversation that Margaret has been interrogated, and that she is innocent of conspiring with Borachio and Don John\u2014she never realized that she was taking part in Don John\u2019s treachery. Benedick is also very relieved that Don John\u2019s trick has come to light, for now he does not need to fight his friend Claudio. Quietly, Benedick also takes Leonato aside and asks him for his permission to marry Beatrice. Don Pedro and Claudio enter, and Antonio goes off to fetch the masked women. While they are waiting, Don Pedro and Claudio tease Benedick about his love for Beatrice and about the fact that he will soon be married, although they do not know that he actually does plan to be married that very day. Hero, Beatrice, and the waiting women enter, all wearing masks. Claudio vows to marry the masked woman by his side, whom he believes to be Leonato\u2019s mysterious niece. But when Hero takes off her mask, the shocked Claudio realizes that it really is Hero. Leonato and Hero tell him that now that Hero\u2019s name has been cleared, she can figuratively come back to life and be his wife, as she should have been before. [PAR] The party prepares to go to the chapel to finish the ceremony, but Benedick stops everybody. He asks Beatrice, out loud and in public, whether she loves him. Beatrice denies it, and Benedick, in turn, denies loving her. They both agree that they are good friends, but not in love. But, laughingly, Claudio and Hero tell them that they know that isn\u2019t the truth\u2014and both whip out scribbled, half-finished love poems that they have found in their friends\u2019 rooms and pockets, written from Benedick to Beatrice and from Beatrice to Benedick. Benedick and Beatrice realize that they have been caught red-handed and, giving in, finally agree to marry. Benedick silences Beatrice, for the first time, by kissing her. Claudio and Don Pedro begin to tease Benedick again, but Benedick laughingly says that he does not care\u2014he remains determined to be married, and nothing he has ever said against marriage in the past makes any difference to him now. He and Claudio assert their friendship again, and Benedick calls for a dance before the double wedding. Suddenly, a messenger rushes in to inform the company that Leonato\u2019s men have arrested Don John in his flight from Mes-sina. They have brought him back to Messina a prisoner. Benedick instructs Don Pedro to put"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Lifespan for Moon Jellyfish? | Animals - mom.me What Is the Lifespan for Moon Jellyfish? | Animals - mom.me [PAR] What Is the Lifespan for Moon Jellyfish? [PAR] The scientific name for moon jellyfish is Aurelia aurita. [PAR] Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images [PAR] Moon jellyfish live in the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans near the coastline. In most cases, they are harmless to humans. Yet their same tentacles containing the stinging cells that trap prey and defend the jellyfish from predators may inadvertently hit humans resulting in skin irritation. [PAR] Two Life Stages [PAR] Jellyfish have two life stages: one in which they are sexually active and the other in which they reproduce asexually. The sexual phase -- when the jellyfish is matured -- is called the Medusa phase referencing the fact that the tentacles and arms hanging from its clear-colored and bell-shaped body resemble the snakes protruding from the head of the Gorgon Medusa in Greek mythology as per Answers In Genesis. The polyp phase -- the asexual stage -- of a jellyfish's life begins when as a fertilized egg it is released from its mature mother. Polyp float freely in the ocean for an indefinite period of time and then attach to a shaded area such as a rock. Mystic Aquarium tells us that polyp then make carbon copies of themselves that are released in the water. [PAR] Sexual Maturity [PAR] Sexual maturity for moon jellyfish occurs in spring and summer. It is easy to spot a sexually mature or adult moon jellyfish, it has four horseshoe-shaped gonads located near the bottom of its stomach that are visible through its clear-colored and bell-shaped body. These gonads are nourished immediately by prey taken in by the adult moon jellyfish often taking on a violet or pink color. [PAR] Jellyfish Mating [PAR] When jellyfish do reproduce sexually, its successful completion is literally dependent on the direction of ocean currents. Male jellyfish detect the flow of the ocean's currents and position their bodies so that as they release a string of sperm from their mouths the sperms flow toward the mouths of females. Once the eggs are fertilized, they cling to the mother's arms and develop until released. [PAR] How Long They Live [PAR] The answer to how long a jellyfish lives depends on which phase of life it is in. Polyps have lived up to 25 years in an aquarium setting. Mature moon jellyfish that are producing sexually do not live long past the start of their active status. Sex for a jellyfish is a signal to die. After this critter has done its part sexually to ensure the survival of the species, its clear body become opaque, loses its buoyancy and the dying creature falls to the ocean floor.[DOC] [TLE] Jellyfish - National Wildlife Federation Jellyfish - National Wildlife Federation [PAR] Jellyfish [PAR] By Kathy Kranking [PAR] NOT JELLY, NOT FISH [PAR] Nope\u2014even though they're called \"jellyfish,\" that name doesn't really describe these animals. For one thing, they certainly aren't made of jelly\u2014at least not the kind you'd eat in a sandwich. Jellyfish are made mostly of water with a small amount of thick gel. Also, jellyfish aren't fish at all. They're invertebrates (animals without backbones) and are cousins to corals and sea anemones. So a better name for them is just \"jellies.\" [PAR] NOT LOOK-ALIKES [PAR] Different kinds of jellyfish can have very different looks. They can be as small as a rice grain or wider than you are tall. And they come in a rainbow of colors, even ones that glow in the dark!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Article: The Elements of Steel - American Experience The Elements of Steel . Streamliners: America's Lost Trains . WGBH American Experience | PBS [PAR] Iron is the main ingredient in various forms of iron and steel, but the various types of metals contain other elements as well. Sometimes these elements are unwanted; other times they're intentionally added. [PAR] The Elements Used in Steel [PAR] Carbon (C): Carbon, a nonmetallic element, forms a number of organic and inorganic compounds and can be found in coal, petroleum and limestone. It is the principle strengthening element in carbon steels and low-alloy steels. Atomic number 6, atomic weight 12.01115. [PAR] Manganese (Mn): Manganese is a brittle, metallic element that exists in the ore of pyrolusite. When making steel, it reacts with sulfur and helps to increase the metal's resistance to heat. Atomic number 25, atomic weight 54.9380. [PAR] Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is a poisonous, nonmetallic element that helps protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Atomic number 15, atomic weight 30.9738. [PAR] Sulfur (S): Sulfur is a nonmetallic element found mainly in volcanic and sedimentary deposits. Sulfur, in the form of iron sulfide, can cause steel to be too porous and prone to cracking. Atomic number 16, atomic weight 32.064. [PAR] Silicon (Si): Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust and can be found in rocks, sand and clay. It acts as a deoxidizer in steel production. Atomic number 14, atomic weight 28.086. [PAR] Nickel (Ni): Nickel is a hard, metallic element that found in igneous rocks. Without nickel, stainless steel would be less resistant to heat and corrosion. Atomic number 28, atomic weight 58.71. [PAR] Chromium (Cr): Chromium, a metallic element, is found in the earth's crust. It is used in the production of stainless steel to make the steel resistant to oxidation and corrosion. Atomic number 24, atomic weight 51.996. [PAR] The Elements of Steel Composition (percent by mass) [PAR] Cast Iron"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All about the flute family - Mostlywind All about the flute family [PAR] Size: About 33cm long - roughly half the size of the Concert Flute [PAR] Shape: Unlike the flute, the Piccolo has only two sections - the Head and the Body. [PAR] Pitch: The Piccolo plays an octave higher than the Flute, but because it doesn't have a footjoint can only go as low as D. [PAR] Sound: Being the smallest and highest member of the Flute Family, the sound is very penetrating. [PAR] Other: The piccolo first became popular about 200 years ago. Now it regularly used in orchestras, wind bands and flute choirs. [PAR] [PAR] The Alto Flute [PAR] Size: About 86cm long. [PAR] Shape: Very similar to the concert flute - just longer. Sometimes it has a curly headjoint (as above) to help reach the keys. [PAR] Pitch: It is tuned a 4th lower than the concert flute. [PAR] Sound: Quieter and more mellow than the concert flute. [PAR] Other: The alto flute is a transposing instrument. When it plays the sound comes out a 4th lower than the notes on the page."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Serving Vatican Calls for Christian Mentality, Says Pope ... Serving Vatican Calls for Christian Mentality, Says Pope \u2013 ZENIT \u2013 English [PAR] Serving Vatican Calls for Christian Mentality, Says Pope [PAR] Receives Pontifical Seat Bearers in Audience [PAR] January 13, 2006 [PAR] ZENIT Staff Vatican Dicasteries/Diplomacy [PAR] VATICAN CITY, JAN. 13, 2006 ( Zenit.org ).- Benedict XVI reminded the Pontifical Seat Bearers that service to the Holy See calls for a Christian mentality and lifestyle. [PAR] The Pope received in audience today the \u201csediari pontifici,\u201d the corps of men who traditionally carried the Pope\u2019s \u201csedia gestatoria.\u201d The \u201csedari\u201d were the pallbearers in Pope John Paul II\u2019s funeral. [PAR] The service of the \u201csediari pontifici,\u201d who now carry out functions of protocol in the Pontifical Household, dates back to the 14th century. The position is passed on from generation to generation. [PAR] In the meeting in the Vatican\u2019s Consistory Hall, the Holy Father said that he hoped \u201cthat you may always be \u2014 both in the Vatican and at home, in the parish and in all situations \u2014 helpful and attentive to others.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThis is a precious lesson for your children and grandchildren, who will learn from your example how service to the Holy See means, above all, a Christian mentality and lifestyle,\u201d he said. [PAR] The Pope has the opportunity to greet the \u201csediari pontifici\u201d almost daily, as they assist in welcoming personalities and groups he receives in audience. [PAR] Distinction [PAR] \u201cDiligence, courtesy and discretion must be the characteristics that distinguish you in your work,\u201d said the Pontiff, adding that it must manifest concretely \u201cyour love for the Church and your dedication to the Successor of Peter.\u201d [PAR] \u201cYour work, then, is part of a context wherein everything must speak to the whole world of the Church of Christ, and must do so coherently, imitating him who \u2018came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as ransom for many,'\u201d Benedict XVI said. [PAR] This is the meaning of the reforms put into effect by recent Popes, in particular Paul VI, who gave up the \u201csedia gestatoria.\u201d [PAR] \u201cCeremonies were simplified, bringing them back to a greater sobriety more in keeping with the Christian message and the needs of the times,\u201d said Benedict XVI. [PAR] Share this Entry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - World Wars: The Allies at War BBC - History - World Wars: The Allies at War [PAR] The Allies at War [PAR] By Simon Berthon [PAR] Last updated 2011-02-17 [PAR] Simon Berthon discusses the uneasy relationship that existed between the Western leaders of the Allied forces in World War Two. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Three titans [PAR] Between 1940 and 1945 three titans of the twentieth century, who became the leaders of the free world at its moment of greatest crisis, fought an extraordinary war within a war. To the outside world they were allies united in the fight against Hitler. Behind the scenes, their relationship was very different. [PAR] In June 1940, as France fell to the Nazis, Churchill recognised de Gaulle as \"the man of destiny\". [PAR] Two of the three were the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill and the Free French leader, General, later President, Charles de Gaulle. In June 1940, as France fell to the Nazis, Churchill recognised de Gaulle as 'the man of destiny'. But their relationship would turn into a roller coaster of mutual admiration, suspicion and, on Churchill's part, loathing. [PAR] The third man was the American President, Franklin Roosevelt. De Gaulle caused Roosevelt more trouble and more infuriation than any other person in the Second World War. To his extreme embarrassment, Churchill found himself caught in the middle of an extraordinary arms length duel between the President, who was the most powerful man in the world, and the French general who put saving the honour of his devastated country above everything else. [PAR] The story of this tangled, triangular relationship began in June 1940. The Nazi Blitzkrieg had crushed Belgium and Holland. German forces had forced the withdrawal of nearly half a million British and French troops from Dunkirk. Now Hitler's spearheads were rolling towards Paris. [PAR] The French government was divided but its Prime Minister, Paul Reynaud, remained determined to resist the Nazis. On 5 June 1940 he appointed to his cabinet a recently promoted and junior brigadier-general, Charles de Gaulle, as Under Secretary for Defence. Reynaud knew that de Gaulle was an unequivocal fighter, and he dispatched him to London to plead with Churchill to send the full might of the Royal Air Force's Fighter Command across the Channel to help in the battle to save France. [PAR] Top [PAR] Free France [PAR] Churchill refused; in his heart, he knew that France was lost. However, de Gaulle immediately impressed him as a welcome contrast to the defeatist High Command of the French Army. During the vital week of 10 to 17 June, de Gaulle and Churchill tried to stiffen resistance in the French government and army. At the same time Churchill and Reynaud pleaded with Roosevelt to make a public commitment to support Britain and France. [PAR] However Roosevelt would only give private assurances and any prospect of France staying in the fight was removed. On 17 June, the aged Marshal Phillippe Petain succeeded Reynaud and France sought an armistice with Hitler. De Gaulle escaped to London and Churchill recognised him as the \"leader of all Free Frenchmen, wherever they may be, who rally to him in support of the allied cause\". Free France was born. [PAR] During the late summer of 1940, de Gaulle raised a fledgling Free French army and navy of some four thousand men. But all he had was an office in London, Churchill's backing and hope. What he needed was territory and a base of his own. [PAR] All de Gaulle had was an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Galop infernal from Orpheus in the Underworld (J ... Galop infernal from Orpheus in the Underworld (J. Offenbach) - Free Flute Sheet Music | flutetunes.com [PAR] There are no recordings for this tune yet. Submit yours ! [PAR] Sunday 31 May 2009 [PAR] Tune of the Day: Can-can [PAR] Jacques Offenbach's \u201cGalop infernal\u201c from \u201cOrpheus in the Underworld\u201d [PAR] Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld (Orph\u00e9e aux enfers) is an irreverent parody and scathing satire on Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice, culminating in this well-known \u201cgalop infernal\u201d which has often been copied and has widely been used as the background music for the can-can dance. [PAR] The can-can is regarded today primarily as a physically demanding music hall dance, performed by a chorus line of female dancers who wear costumes with long skirts, petticoats, and black stockings, that hearkens back to the fashions of the 1890s. The main features of the dance are the lifting up and manipulation of the skirts, with high kicking and suggestive body movements. [PAR] As you will notice, the main theme is first presented in G major, and then reiterated in D major. [PAR] Other Movements from the same Work[DOC] [TLE] Jacques Offenbach \"Orpheus in the ... - BalletAndOpera.com Jacques Offenbach \"Orpheus in the Underworld\" (comic opera in 2 acts) (Opera) - BalletAndOpera.com [PAR] Act 1 [PAR] Scene 1: Near Thebes [PAR] A melodrama (Introduction and Melodrame) opens the work. Public Opinion explains who she is - the guardian of morality (\"Qui suis-je? du Theatre Antique\"). She seeks to rework the story of Orphee (Orpheus) and Eurydice - who, despite being husband and wife, hate each other - into a moral tale for the ages. However, she has her work cut out for her: Eurydice is in love with the shepherd, Aristee (Aristaeus), who lives next door (\"La femme dont le coeur reve\"), and Orphee is in love with Chlo\ufffd, a shepherdess. When Orphee mistakes Eurydice for her, everything comes out, and Eurydice insists they break the marriage off. However Orphee, fearing Public Opinion's reaction, torments her into keeping the scandal quiet using violin music, which she hates. [PAR] We now meet Aristee - who is, in fact, Pluton (Pluto) - keeping up his disguise by singing a pastoral song about those awful sheep (\"Moi, je suis Aristee\"). Since Pluton was originally played by a famous female impersonator, this song contains numerous falsetto notes. Eurydice, however, has discovered what she thinks is a plot by Orphee to kill Aristee, but is in fact a conspiracy between him and Pluton to kill her, so Pluton may have her. Pluton tricks her into walking into the trap by showing immunity to it, and, as she dies, transforms into his true form (Transformation Scene) Eurydice finds that death is not so bad when the God of Death is in love with you (\"La mort m'appara\ufffdt souriante\"), and so keeps coming back for one more verse. They descend into the Underworld as soon as Eurydice has left a note telling her husband she has been unavoidably detained (Descent to the Underworld). [PAR] All seems to be going well for Orphee until Public Opinion catches up with him, and threatens to ruin his violin teaching career unless he goes to rescue his wife. Orphee reluctantly agrees. [PAR] Scene 2: Olympus [PAR] The scene changes to Olympus, where the Gods sleep out of boredom (\"Dormons, dormons\"). Things look a bit more interesting for them when Diane (Diana) returns and begins gossiping about Actaeon, her current love (\"Quand Diane descend dans la plaine\"). However, Jupiter, shocked at the behaviour of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Eighth House - Article by Astrology.com The Eighth House - Article by Astrology.com [PAR] The Eighth House [PAR] BY ASTROLOGY.COM NOVEMBER 24, 2009 05:45 PM EST [PAR] Share [PAR] Share [PAR] House of Sex [PAR] The Eighth House is commonly referred to as the House of Sex. This House delves into relationships -- interactions with another and how certain aspects of those interactions can take on a more communal nature. It speaks to what our relationships will bring us and how we can get the most out of them. [PAR] Returning to this House's emphasis on sex, it's important to note that the French refer to an orgasm as 'le petit mort' or 'the little death.' When we reach that exalted state of communion, we leave a little of ourselves behind -- die a small death. One can also choose to view this as growth, a new beginning, the rebirth of the soul or a gain for the partnership. The Eighth House is an equal-opportunity house, placing sex, death and rebirth on the same level playing field and acknowledging the viability and importance of all three. We will all experience death and rebirth as part of our lives: failed relationships leading to new ones, career changes, a new hairstyle. We are regenerated and reborn with each new phase and should welcome them. [PAR] Shared resources also fall within the Eighth House: inheritance, alimony, taxes, insurance and support from another. Financial support, as well as spiritual, emotional and physical support, are addressed by this house. While our relationships share many of the aforementioned things, they also have their own dynamics and grow from within (we grow through our sexuality as well as through other more tangible means). That said, as much as our relationships are expansive, they also have certain constraints, many that are placed on them by society. Again, taxes, alimony and the joint nature of assets come to mind. Yes, with every opportunity we have, we may face a restriction along with it. Once again: death and rebirth. [PAR] In keeping with the transforming nature of this house, rituals are highlighted. Every group has its own way of peering in and looking deep into the soul and the past, if only to get a sense of what we truly are. What quality will our rituals take on? Exalted states or metamorphoses? What secrets do we keep and why? How we manage our interactions, relationships and rituals is important to the Eighth House -- will we be honest, effective and responsible? Will the riches generated by our relationships benefit the group (company, humankind) as a whole? Our legacies are key to this house: how we conduct ourselves now, and how that will play out for all time. [PAR] The Eighth House is ruled by Scorpio and the planets Mars and Pluto. [PAR] Sponsored Link[DOC] [TLE] Scorpio - Zodiac Signs | Astrology.com.au, Horoscopes Online! Scorpio - Zodiac Signs | Astrology.com.au, Horoscopes Online! [PAR] Scorpio [PAR] The Zodiac Sign Scorpio | Oct 24 - Nov 22 [PAR] Introduction [PAR] [PAR] Magnetic, elusive, sexy and determined. That\u2019s you Scorpio! You were born under the eighth sign of the zodiac which is referred to by astrologers as a fixed water (ice) sign. In many ways, ice sums up your emotional character. But why is this, when you have fiery and warlike Mars ruling you? [PAR] Your star sign is probably one of the most misunderstood signs of the zodiac. It has had quite a bad rap over the years, but maybe that\u2019s because what people don\u2019t understand, they tend to fear."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Mint Julep Recipe - How to Make a Mint Julep Best Mint Julep Recipe - How to Make a Mint Julep [PAR] How to Make a Mint Julep [PAR] A fan favorite of the Kentucky Derby, now you can make this classic cocktail on your own. [PAR] By David Wondrich [PAR] In the dark backward of time, the Proper Construction of the Julep, like the Beauty of My State's Women and the Timing of Pickett's Charge, was one of those topics that an American male with social aspirations was expected to regard as a matter of honor\u2014at least, if said specimen was a son, nephew, cousin or acquaintance of the South. Just about every state in Dixie had its own sacrosanct way of handling the mint, the sugar, the ice, the booze. Duels were fought. Names were called. [PAR] Mint Julep [PAR] old-fashioned glass [PAR] Directions [PAR] Place 5 or 6 leaves of mint in the bottom of a prechilled, dry 12-ounce glass or silver beaker. [PAR] Add sugar and crush slightly with a muddler. [PAR] Pack glass with finely cracked ice. [PAR] Pour a generous 3 ounces of Kentucky bourbon over the ice. [PAR] Stir briskly until the glass frosts. [PAR] Add more ice and stir again before serving. [PAR] Stick a few sprigs of mint into the ice so that the partaker will get the aroma. [PAR] Still not enough mint flavor? Try this: For each julep, lightly cover about 10 sprigs of mint with superfine sugar, add an ounce of spring water, macerate, let stand for 10-15 minutes, and strain through a fine sieve into the ice-filled glass. Then add whiskey and proceed as above. If you'll stoop to maceration, you might also want to float 1/2 ounce of dark Jamaica rum on top. [PAR] Just about every state in Dixie had its own sacrosanct way of handling the mint, the sugar, the ice, the booze. [PAR] Brushing aside all the tedious to-and-fro about brandy, rum, and rye (before the War between the States, a true southern gentleman would be hanged before he'd let whiskey pass his lips, and even after, when standards had slipped, no Marylander would build his julep with anything but rye), it's that mint that caused most of the trouble. [PAR] At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Mint Question is as the \"filioque\" debate that so exercised medieval theologians\u2014moot, moot, moot. Hypersweetened iced tea and Coca-Cola have taken the mint julep's place as the Grits Belt's summer cooler of choice. Whether you muddle the mint or slide it into the glass altogether unmolested matters as much to the vast majority of southern manhood as whether the Spirit proceeds from the Father to the Son or the Father and the Son. [PAR] Ecumenical to the quick, we'll take our communion from either school without scruple. [PAR] Whatever your denomination, here are a few things to keep in mind: [PAR] Use a prechilled, dry 12- or 14-ounce glass, tall and slim (better yet, of course, the traditional silver beaker). [PAR] Crack the ice, making sure to drain off any excess water before putting it in the glass. [PAR] Don't handle the glass with bare hands, as the touch of a hand kills the frost. Likewise, each julep should be served with a napkin or small linen doily. [PAR] The glass will not frost if in the wind, if wet, with undried ice or if excessively handled. You can sometimes speed the frost by twirling the glass or by placing in coldest part of refrigerator for about 30 minutes. [PAR] Use"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles I enters the House of Commons - YouTube Charles I enters the House of Commons - YouTube [PAR] Charles I enters the House of Commons [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 7, 2008 [PAR] On 4 January 1642, King Charles I entered the House of Commons to arrest five members. So angered were MPs at this breach of parliamentary privilege that they slammed to doors of the chamber in the faces of the King's men. When Charles finally entered the House of Commons, the Speaker, William Lenthall, refused to reveal the location of the wanted men, famously saying: \"May it please your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as the House is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am here.\" [PAR] This incident lead to the English Civil War and no monarch has entered the House of Commons since. Every year this event is commemorated during the State Opening of Parliament when Black Rod tries to enter the Commons, the door is slammed in his face to symbolise the independence of the elected House of Commons from the monarchy. [PAR] This video is a dramatisation from the film 'Cromwell'. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australian Coat of Arms - Digger History Australian Coat of Arms [PAR] Australian Coat of Arms & National Colours [PAR] Australia's first national coat of arms was granted in 1908 and displayed the kangaroo and emu supporting the shield, and standing on a grassy mound. [PAR] The second coat of arms, made in 1912, included the symbols of the states woven together in the central shield with a border symbolizing federation. [PAR] The Australian Coat of Arms is the property of the Commonwealth of Australia and is used by the Commonwealth to authenticate documents, to indicate ownership of property, and for other purposes of identification. It may not be used or reproduced by others for other purposes without permission. [PAR] The first grant of armorial ensigns, crest and supporters to the Commonwealth of Australia was made in 1908; a new design was granted by Royal Warrant in 1912. [PAR] The Coat of Arms as used on a WW1 Certificate of Service [PAR] A garden edging tile circa 1900 which bears a design very similar to the Coat of Arms. [PAR] Some people claim that the Rising Sun depicted is the fore-runner to the AIF Rising Sun badge. [PAR] [PAR] The Commonwealth Arms are commonly but incorrectly referred to as the 'Commonwealth Crest'. Strictly the Crest is the device above shield and helmet on a coat of arms; in Australia's case it is the seven-pointed gold star on the wreath. [PAR] The Australian Coat of Arms consists of: [PAR] The Badges of the six States of the Commonwealth arranged on a shield in two rows of three columns: [PAR] New South Wales - Golden Lion passant (right to left) on a red St George's Cross on a silver background (usually depicted white), with an 8-pointed star on each extremity of the cross. [PAR] Victoria - White Southern Cross (one star of 8 points, 2 of 7 points one of 6 points and one of 5 points), beneath an Imperial Crown, on a blue background. [PAR] Queensland - light blue Maltese Cross with an Imperial Crown at its Centre, on a white background. [PAR] South Australia - the White-Backed Magpie (or Piping Shrike), erect, wings outstretched, on a yellow background. [PAR] Western Australia - Black Swan swimming, left to right, on a yellow background. [PAR] Tasmania - Red Lion passant (right to left) on a white background. [PAR] The shield is enclosed by an ermine border, signifying the federation of the States into the Commonwealth. [PAR] The Crest of the Arms, consisting of a seven-pointed gold star on a blue and gold wreath. Six points represent each of the States of the Commonwealth, the seventh point represents the Commonwealth Territories. [PAR] The Supporters of the Coat of Arms, Australian endemic Fauna: the Kangaroo proper to the left and the Emu proper to the right. [PAR] Usually the Arms are depicted in a compartment adorned with wattle (Acacia pycnantha) leaves and inflorescence, and a scroll with the word \"AUSTRALIA\" on it under the Arms. The wattle and the scroll and the rests for the Kangaroo and Emu do not constitute part of the Arms. [PAR] Three colour combinations traditionally claim to be Australia's national colours: [PAR] red, white and blue;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Millie the English Springer Spaniel President George H.W. Bush's Dog, Millie - Presidential Pet Museum [PAR] Presidential Pet Museum [PAR] President George H.W. Bush\u2019s Dog, Millie [PAR] January 3, 2014 [PAR] President George H.W. Bush\u2019s Dog, Millie [PAR] 62 votes (4.47) [PAR] President George H.W. Bush\u2019s dog Millie, a springer spaniel, was the first presidential pet to write a book. In this photo, First Lady Barbara Bush reads a story to children with Millie. [PAR] President George H.W. Bush \u2019s dog Millie is one of the most famous presidential pets. [PAR] The English springer spaniel \u201cwrote\u201d Millie\u2019s Book: As Dictated to Barbara Bush , which reached the top spot on the New York Times nonfiction bestseller list in 1992. [PAR] In the book, Millie describes a day in her life living with President and Barbara Bush at the White House, including attending morning briefings and afternoon meetings in the Oval Office combined with short breaks for squirrel hunting. [PAR] Millie was also famous for the prominent mention the president gave her during his bid for re-election. \u201cMy dog Millie knows more about foreign affairs than these two bozos,\u201d Bush said, referring to his opponents Bill Clinton and Al Gore. [PAR] Named for Mildred Caldwell Kerr, a longtime friend of the Bushes, Millie has the distinction of being the mother of two other White House pets: Ranger (often called Bush\u2019s favorite dog) and also President George W. Bush \u2019s dog Spot . [PAR] President Bush plays with Millie\u2019s puppies. [PAR] Millie was portrayed in several TV shows during the 1990s, including Murphy Brown, Wings and Who\u2019s the Boss. She also made a cameo appearance in an episode of The Simpsons. [PAR] Millie died of pneumonia in 1997 at age 12. The 15-acre Millie Bush Bark Park, which opened in 2004 on the west side of Houston, is named after her. [PAR] President George H.W. Bush with Millie and puppies, April 20, 1989. Ranger and Spot were among the six puppies. [PAR] \u00a9 Presidential Pet Museum. May not be republished without permission . [PAR] Our comprehensive list of White House pets begins here...[DOC] [TLE] Barbara Bush proudly shows the puppies of Millie ... - WHHA Barbara Bush proudly shows the puppies of Millie, an English springer spaniel, to King Hussein of Jordan, 1989. - White House Historical Association [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Main Content [PAR] Barbara Bush proudly shows the puppies of Millie, an English springer spaniel, to King Hussein of Jordan, 1989. [PAR] Date of Work [PAR] Credit [PAR] George Bush Presidential Library and Museum/NARA [PAR] Barbara Bush proudly shows the puppies of Millie, an English springer spaniel, to King Hussein of Jordan, 1989. [PAR] First Lady Barbara Bush proudly shows the puppies of Millie, an English springer spaniel, to King Hussein of Jordan, 1989."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pumpernickel Bread Recipe - Food.com Pumpernickel Bread Recipe - Food.com [PAR] (29) [PAR] Most Helpful [PAR] First of all I omited the coffee because we don't drink it and never have it on hand. I prepared the dough in my bread machine and divided it among four lightly greased mini loaf pans. It rose uncovered in my oven on the warm setting for 30 minutes. I turned the heat up to 350 F and set the timer for 30 minutes, then forgot about it until the timer rang. I turned it out onto a wire rack and brushed the tops with real butter. WOW! Great bread! Aromatic, flavorful, full bodied, small crumb texture...firm, yet lighter than expected. I can't wait to make this for my German mother-in-law who is a bread snob of the worst kind, as most European's are (and for good reason). I've taken a picture to share. You'll know it's mine by my Blue Willow China in the background and the cranberry garnish. This bread recipe will go into the official family cookbook for sure. After my little photo shoot I enjoyed a couple slices with a cream cheese but my boys, 3 and 4 yrs old finished off one of the loaves plain. Tonight we're having leftover Roast Sticky Chicken, fresh fruit and herb tea for dinner. This bread with butter, slices of honey cured ham, and good havarti cheese will be a perfect compliment. Thanks! :o)[DOC] [TLE] Pumpernickel Rye Bread Recipe - Allrecipes.com Pumpernickel Rye Bread Recipe - Allrecipes.com [PAR] Aven [PAR] 10/21/2006 [PAR] I really love pumpernickel bread and this one is delightful. I followed the recipe but made it in the kitchen aid and baked it in the oven. It turned out moist and delicious! I am so happy to ha... [PAR] Andrew [PAR] 6/2/2004 [PAR] Mixed and kneeded in the Kitchen Aide with a dough hook for 10 minutes. Texture came out great. Not a large second rise in the bread pan, but the finished texture was right for a heavier bread... [PAR] KATRINA [PAR] 1/17/2004 [PAR] This is a bread recipe that I have wanted for a long time. Now I have found it. This is just like what the Outback Steak House serves. I changed the loaf size though. I divided the dough into... [PAR] DAWNABYRD [PAR] 10/29/2003 [PAR] Out of the few rye/dark bread recipes listed on this site, this came out the best. I did bake in the bread machine. The loaf was smaller than most - more like a 1lb loaf but shape and texture wa... [PAR] nmchilecat [PAR] 10/31/2007 [PAR] Finally! A pumpernickel bread that isn't as dense as a rock! I got a nice-sized loaf that was fragrant and light- textured--can't wait 'til tomorrow to have a turkey pastrami sandwich made on ... [PAR] LynnInHK [PAR] 4/29/2005 [PAR] I don't have a breadmaker but it was still very easy, and rose perfectly, this after I let it sleep in the fridge overnight. [PAR] Dreaming [PAR] 12/6/2003 [PAR] Mmm, very good. I visited America this summer and fell in love with pumpernickel bagels, then cried when I came back to Scotland and the best I could get was German Rye bread. This recipe stop... [PAR] NRALLIE [PAR] 5/26/2000 [PAR] Haven't had any kids try it, so, cannot rate that, but, I make this bread for my mother because she loves pumpernickel. She says it's the best bread she has ever had. It is worth the extra ing..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 19 | 1994: Britain braced for first ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 19 | 1994: Britain braced for first lottery draw [PAR] 1994: Britain braced for first lottery draw [PAR] An estimated jackpot of \ufffd7m may be won tonight in Britain's first ever lottery draw. [PAR] A \ufffd1 ticket gives you a one-in-14-million chance of striking lucky and guessing correctly the winning six out of 49 numbers. [PAR] The lottery operator Camelot says around 15 million players have already bought some 35 million tickets from licensed retailers. [PAR] The money raised from ticket sales will help fund the arts, sports, charities, national heritage and millennium celebrations. [PAR] 'Everyone wins' [PAR] Prime Minister John Major launched the ticket sales just under a week ago. [PAR] He said, \"The country will be a lot richer because of the lottery. It is in every sense the people's lottery.\" [PAR] The game has certainly gripped the public's imagination. Around seven million tickets were sold within 12 hours of the launch and it is expected that final sales could reach \ufffd45m. [PAR] Twenty five million people are expected to tune into BBC One's live lottery draw show hosted by Noel Edmonds, Anthea Turner and Gordon Kennedy tonight. [PAR] Forty nine contestants - one for each lottery number -have been chosen from thousands to participate in an \"It's a Knockout\" style competition as part of the show. [PAR] The victor gets the chance to press the button on the prize machine, launching Britain's first lottery draw since 1826. [PAR] A \ufffd10m computer will randomly select the winning numbers that will roll down one by one into a display rack. [PAR] The machine will then check for a winning combination and calculate the size of the jackpot. [PAR] The computer will reveal whether there is a top prize winner within half an hour but cross-checking could take as long as four hours. [PAR] Telephone staff will be waiting to get a call from the winner as soon as the numbers are picked. [PAR] Once officials have established that a claim is genuine, a team will drive the winner to the nearest Camelot office.[DOC] [TLE] UK National Lottery Diary - Connect UK National Lottery Diary [PAR] UK National Lottery Diary [PAR] This document contains all the significant dates and events in the history of the UK National Lottery. Some of the information is taken from Camelot's Reports and Accounts and the rest is gleaned from the UK media. Any additions or corrections to the information should be e-mailed to \"webmaster@lottery.merseyworld.com\" . [PAR] Friday 30th November 2001 [PAR] Camelot's section 5 lottery licence expires on this date - it was extended by two months on Thursday 19th October 2000 in order to avoid the lottery \"running out of time\" due to bidding process delays. [PAR] Saturday 23rd September 2000 [PAR] The People's Lottery group have until this date to convince the National Lottery Commission that they are fit to run the UK National Lottery for 7 years, starting from Monday 1st October 2001. It's not yet clear what will happen if the People's Lottery group don't get the lottery licence - there will be consultation between the Commission and the UK government to decide how to keep the lottery running beyond September 2001 if this happens (e.g. maybe Camelot will have to \"hand over\" their operation to someone ? Just speculation there...). [PAR] Wednesday 23rd August 2000 [PAR] There is no winner yet of the next lottery licence (starting on 1st October 2001), but Camelot are definitely out of the bidding"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) | CDC Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) | CDC [PAR] Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) [PAR] ShareCompartir [PAR] Hansen's disease (also known as leprosy) is a long-lasting infection caused by bacteria. [PAR] The disease was once feared as a highly contagious and devastating disease. Now, however, the disease is very rare and easily treated. Early diagnosis and treatment usually prevent disability related to the disease."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Worlds Fastest Man - Worlds Most Unique Worlds Fastest Man [PAR] Worlds Fastest Man [PAR] Usain Bolt -\u2018 Thunder\u2019 Bolt [PAR] [PAR] Hailed as being the only man, after fellow Jamaican Carl Lewis, to have won all the three short distance races in Olympics, Usain Bolt is also the only man in the history to have held the world records for the 100, 200, and the 4x100 meters relay races to become the worlds fastest man.Holding the world records for 100 meters at 9.69 seconds, 200 meters at 19.30 seconds and the 4x100 meters relay at 37.10 seconds (along with his team mates), Usain Bolt has definitely bolstered, and proved his image as being the worlds fastest man. Anther interesting fact about all these records is that they were all set in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Owing to some great performances in sprinting and related race events, the worlds fastest man has earned himself the nickname- \u201clightning bolt\u201d, from the media and fellow journalists. [PAR] Born in Trelawney, Jamaica, on 21st August, 1986, Usain was a natural born sportsman. He spent most of his time playing cricket and football, while his parents ran a grocery shop in the rural part of the town. Usain was a fast runner right from his school days, where he became the fastest 100m runner, and went on to win many other track events at the school level. Bolt was noticed first by his cricket coach, while he was running on the pitch. [PAR] Bolt\u2019s winning performances in the World Junior Championship in 2002 had made him stand out. At the age of 15, by winning the 200m event, Bolt had become the youngest ever gold medal winner in the world. After giving dazzling performances in the 2003 Youth World meets, Bolt had caught the eyes of prominent athletes and the likes of Michael Johnson had started to recognize his potential. On the basis of a great and telling record at the junior levels, the worlds fastest man, as we know him today, was awarded the \u2018rising star\u2019 award by the IAAF in the year 2003. [PAR] Starting his professional career under the aegis of Fitz Coleman in the CARIFTA games in Bermuda, held in 2004, Bolt broke Martin\u2019s record of 200m sprint to become the youngest junior and was consequently chosen for the Jamaican Olympic squad for 2004. Just when the Olympics were around the corner, Bolt had suffered an injury, and was out of the first round of the 200m sprints. The worlds fastest man was able to complete the distance in 21.2 seconds- too slow according to Olympic standards. [PAR] In 2005, Bolt started afresh under the new coach Glenn Mills. Mills was adamant on changing the way the worlds fastest man had been approaching his athletics till then and wanted him to look at his sprinting more professionally. His policies worked, and Usain worked up his best time of 19.99 seconds at London\u2019s Crystal Palace meet. Bolt had suffered a few injuries after this event, which had made him a suspect for the Olympics. His injuries during the Commonwealth Games in 2006 had made many eyebrows stand up. His coach then decided to put his 400m training on hold, and prepare his body for flexibility and add certain routines that would help to make his muscles more nimble. [PAR] Bolt\u2019s dream of finishing under 20 seconds in the 200m events became true in the 2006 Grand Prix meet at Switzerland. The IAAF cup in Greece, Athens, merely two months later, gave Bolt a silver medal- his first at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. | Josh ... No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. | Josh Mitteldorf [PAR] No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Josh Mitteldorf [PAR] Friends often look at me quizzically when I tell them this. One says, \u201cBut I can feel myself wearing down.\u201d And another: \u201cNothing works the way it used to. Isn\u2019t that the definition of wearing out?\u201d And again: \u201cDo you mean it\u2019s all in my head, it\u2019s not really happening?\u201d and then a moment later, \u201cdo you mean it doesn\u2019t have to be this way?\u201d [PAR] This last formulation is getting a little closer to what I mean. [PAR] Of course, loss of function with age is not just in your imagination, and it is very common (though not universal!) in the Animal Kingdom. But aging is not caused by wearing down. It is more accurately an orderly program of self-destruction, orchestrated by gene expression. Some aspects of aging appear as accumulated damage (e.g. cartilage worn away from joints, or build-up of cross-linked sugar-protein complexes), but on closer inspection even these are seen to be entirely avoidable consequences of the body shutting down its repair systems. [PAR] This column is devoted to the reasoning and the evidence that tells us aging cannot be, at root, a process of wear and accumulated damage. First, the theory: why there is no physical necessity for aging; second, a few examples of animals that age very slowly or not at all, and others that age super-fast; third, some familiar facts and a few unfamiliar facts about aging that tell us \u201cwearing out\u201d does not provide a helpful perspective. [PAR] [PAR] 1. The Physical Theory, and Why it Doesn\u2019t Apply to Living Things [PAR] There is no physical necessity for aging. [PAR] Man\u2019s earliest conception of aging was that the process was akin to physical wear and tear. Knives get dull \u2013 why shouldn\u2019t our teeth? Wheels get rusty and squeak when they turn \u2013 isn\u2019t that what happens to our joints? Water pipes fill with sediment over the years, just like our sclerotic arteries. It\u2019s a theory with a great deal of intuitive appeal. [PAR] But the analogy between living body andmachine is flawed. Living things are fundamentally homeostatic. They can repair themselves. They build themselves from a single egg cell, and simple animals can rebuild when damaged. A car takes in energy in the form of gasoline and uses the energy to propel itself forward. An animal takes in energy in the form of food and uses it to perform all the feats of metabolism, locomotion, foraging, signal processing, and evasion of predators; and a small portion of that energy is devoted to the \u201ccapital budget\u201d: breaking down and rebuilding damaged tissues; replicating cells; looking for copying errors in DNA and setting them right, detecting malformed protein molecules, breaking them down into constituent peptides for recycling into new molecules. This small part of the energy budget is all that is needed to keep the system in good repair indefinitely. [PAR] The Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy (disorder, degeneration, damage) must increase in any isolated physical system. But living systems are not isolated. Living things draw free energy* from their environment, use it internally, then dump waste entropy back into the environment. [PAR] This isn\u2019t some lucky feature, tacked on to living bodies, rescuing them from an ironclad law of physics. The capacity for homeostasis is built into the form and function"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Disney World's Grand Opening - This Day in Disney History Disney World's Grand Opening [PAR] The Contemporary (originally to be called the Tempo Bay Hotel) featured [PAR] something probably never seen before by vacationers ... a monorail running directly [PAR] through the middle of the A-frame structure's 10-story atrium! [PAR] Magic Kingdom Opening Day Attractions, [PAR] Shops & Restaurants: [PAR] Walt Disney World Railroad: including the Walter E. Disney (#1), the Lilly Belle [PAR] (#2), and the Roger E. Broggie (#3) locomotives [PAR] Town Square: Town Square Cafe [PAR] Main Street transportation: Fire truck, Horse-drawn street cars, Horseless [PAR] carriages, Jitney vehicle, & Omnibus [PAR] Main Street: Market House store, Camera Center, Coca-Cola Refreshment [PAR] Corner, House of Magic shop, Penny Arcade attraction, Main Street Confectionery [PAR] shop, Emporium store, Main Street Bake Shop, New Century Clock Shop, Main [PAR] Street Cinema attraction, & Crystal Palace Restaurant [PAR] Adventureland: Adventureland Veranda restaurant, Jungle Cruise attraction, [PAR] Swiss Family Tree House attraction, & Sunshine Pavilion attraction (also known [PAR] as Tropical Serenade) sponsored by the Florida Citris Growers [PAR] Bear Country: Country Bear Jamboree attraction [PAR] Fantasyland: Dumbo Flying Elephants attraction, Mad Tea Party attraction, [PAR] Snow White's Adventures attraction, Pinocchio Village Haus restaurant, [PAR] Cinderella's Golden Carrousel attraction, Mr. Toad's Wild Ride attraction, Mickey [PAR] Mouse Revue Audio-Animatronics musical attraction, It's a Small World [PAR] attraction, & Skyway to Tomorrowland attraction [PAR] Frontierland: Frontier Shooting Gallery, Frontier Trading Post shop, Pecos Bill [PAR] Cafe restaurant, Mike Fink Keel Boats attraction, Mile Long Bar, Diamond [PAR] Horseshoe Revue attraction [PAR] Liberty Square: Hall of Presidents attraction, Columbia Harbor House [PAR] restaurant, Heritage House shop, Liberty Tree Tavern restaurant, & Haunted [PAR] Mansion attraction [PAR] Tomorowland: Skyway to Fantasyland attraction, Grand Prix Raceway [PAR] attraction, Mickey's Mart store, & Tomorrowland Terrace restaurant [PAR] Cinderella Castle: King Stefan's Banquet Hall [PAR] On Friday October 1 , 1971 - after seven years of planning - about 10,000 visitors [PAR] converged near Orlando, Florida, to witness the grand opening of Walt Disney World. [PAR] The Magic Kingdom, encompassing approximately 107 acres, featured Adventureland, Fantasyland, Frontierland, Liberty [PAR] Square, Tomorrowland, a Main Street USA, and about 5,500 Cast Members. (MK was the only theme park at WDW.) [PAR] At the end of October 1971, the total attendance was around 400,000. [PAR] The day after Thanksgiving November 26, 1971 ... [PAR] an amazing 50,000 guests entered the Magic Kingdom! [PAR] Walt Disney World also debuted 2 property hotels, [PAR] the 15-story Contemporary Resort and the Polynesian [PAR] Village Resort - both built by U.S. Steel and both [PAR] connected by a monorail system. The hotels were conceived [PAR] by WED enterprises and the Los Angeles architectural firm of Welton [PAR] Becket & Associates. U.S. Steel was to originally own the hotels, but just [PAR] before opening, Roy Disney decided to buy out their interests and let [PAR] Disney run the hotels themselves. [PAR] Resort planners scheduled the opening in October in the hopes that estimated crowds [PAR] would be small - and they were. (Two days before the opening of Walt Disney World, the Florida Highway [PAR] Patrol had issued a statement that they believed as many as 300,000 people might try to be among the first to get into the Magic Kingdom.) Fortunately the small crowd of 10,000 on October 1, 1971 allowed any problems that sprang up to be [PAR] fixed with minimal inconvenience ... unlike Disneyland's chaotic grand opening day . Even official dedications and other media events were held off until later in the month so as to make sure everything"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A glossary of cricket terms | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo A glossary of cricket terms | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] A glossary of cricket terms [PAR] Share on Facebook Share on Twitter [PAR] Cricket, more than most sports, is full of expressions and terms designed to bewilder the newcomer (and often even the more seasoned follower). In an attempt to unravel some of the stranger terminology, we have put together a cricket glossary. If we are missing anything - and cricket commentators have an annoying habit of inventing new words and phrases - please email us and we will see if we can help. [PAR] Arm Ball A ball bowled by a slow bowler which has no spin on it and so does not turn as expected but which stays on a straight line (\"goes on with the arm\") [PAR] The Ashes Series between England and Australia are played for The Ashes (click here for more information) [PAR] Asking rate - The runs required per over for a team to win - mostly relevant in a one-dayer [PAR] Ball Red for first-class and most club cricket, white for one-day matches (and, experimentally, women once used blue balls and men orange ones). It weighs 5.5 ounces ( 5 ounces for women's cricket and 4.75 ounces for junior cricket) [PAR] Ball Tampering The illegal action of changing the condition of the ball by artificial means, usually scuffing the surface, picking or lifting the seam of the ball, or applying substances other than sweat or saliva [PAR] Bat-Pad A fielding position close to the batsman designed to catch balls which pop up off the bat, often via the batsman's pads [PAR] Batter Another word for batsman, first used as long ago as 1773. Also something you fry fish in [PAR] Beamer A ball that does not bounce (usually accidently) and passes the batsman at or about head height. If aimed straight at the batsman by a fast bowler, this is a very dangerous delivery (and generally frowned on) [PAR] Bend your back - The term used to signify the extra effort put in by a fast bowler to obtain some assistance from a flat pitch [PAR] Belter A pitch which offers little help to bowlers and so heavily favours batsmen [PAR] Blob A score of 0 (see duck ) [PAR] Bodyline (also known as leg theory ) A tactic most infamously used by England in 1932-33, although one which had been around for some time before that, in which the bowler aimed at the batsman rather than the wicket with the aim of making him give a catch while attempting to defend himself. The fielding side were packed on the leg side to take catches which resulted. This is now illegal. Click here for more . [PAR] Bosie An Australian term for a googly , now rarely used. Originated from the inventor of the delivery, BJT Bosanquet [PAR] Bouncer A short-pitched ball which passes the batsman at chest or head height [PAR] Boundary The perimeter of a cricket field, or the act of the batsman scoring a four or a six (eg \"Tendulkar hammered three boundaries\") [PAR] Box An abdominal protector worn by batsmen and wicketkeepers. It is also an old term for a fielder in the gully region. [PAR] Bump Ball A ball which is played off the bat almost instantly into the ground and is caught by a fielder. Often this has the appearance of being a clean catch [PAR] Bumper See Bouncer . [PAR] Bunny Also known as Rabbit . A member of the side who cannot"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wilson and the League of Nations by Sanderson Beck Wilson and the League of Nations by Sanderson Beck [PAR] by the firm establishment of the understandings of international law [PAR] as the actual rule of conduct among Governments, [PAR] and by the maintenance of justice [PAR] and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations [PAR] in the dealings of organized peoples with one another, [PAR] Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations. [PAR] Covenant of the League of Nations, Preamble [PAR] At the close of the Napoleonic wars in 1815 the Congress of Vienna established a balance of power they called the \"Concert of Europe.\" With some popular support from peace societies, which were founded at that time, and with a concern for international law, national leaders were able to solve many of their differences by means of arbitration. Between 1815 and 1900, of the two hundred cases in which states agreed to arbitration, not a single case led to a war. However, the states had not pledged that they would submit to arbitration in every international conflict. The Swiss humanitarian Henri Dunant initiated a movement that led to a conference at Geneva in 1864 that protected the sick and wounded in land warfare with the Red Cross convention. Four years later another Geneva conference added more articles for a convention on the sea, but these articles were not ratified. [PAR] Also in 1868 Czar Alexander II invited European diplomats to meet at St. Petersburg to outlaw especially cruel weapons. Another conference initiated by the Russian Czar led to a meeting at Brussels six years later in which representatives of fifteen European nations formulated laws of land warfare. These were influenced by the General Orders for the United States Army that President Lincoln had issued during the Civil War based on the ideas of the German-born Francis Lieber, who wrote A Code for the Government of Armies. However, British diplomats refused to consider naval issues at this 1874 conference. In 1890 the United States and ten other American republics signed a Pan American Treaty of Arbitration, but it was not ratified. [PAR] The Hague Peace Conferences [PAR] In 1899 Czar Nicholas II, concerned that Russia was at a financial disadvantage in the armaments competition, proposed a conference to discuss limitation of arms, the laws of war, and arbitration to settle international disputes. Peace advocates championed the second Russian circular by calling for a \"Peace Conference,\" and the Dutch government offered The Hague as a meeting place. Quaker Dr. Benjamin Trueblood for years had been writing essays in the American Peace Society's journal, The Peace Advocate, on plans by Kant , Ladd, and others for international organization. Quaker Alfred K. Smiley had been inviting peace leaders and prominent politicians to his hotel retreat in New York annually since 1895. The Polish Jew, Ivan Bloch, attended the 1899 conference and gave delegates copies of his six-volume The Future of War, which showed how war had become so economically ruinous. [PAR] The first Hague Conference that began on May 18, 1899 included 26 states and is considered the first international assembly that met in peace time in order to preserve peace instead of to conclude a war. The diplomats' meetings went on for ten weeks, and their official Act agreed on the following conventions and declarations: [PAR] I. Convention for the peaceful adjustment of international differences. [PAR] II. Convention regarding the laws and customs of war by land. [PAR] III. Convention for the adaptation to maritime warfare of the principles of the Geneva Convention of the 22nd August, 1864."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the cube root of 64? | Reference.com What is the cube root of 64? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the cube root of 64? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The cube root of 64 is 4. The cube root of a chosen number can be verified by multiplying a smaller number by itself three times in order to get the chosen number. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The cube root of 64 is 4 because 4 times 4 equals 16, and 16 times 4 equals 64. The cube root of a number is similar to the square root of a number, except the latter is only to the power of two instead of three. Beyond the cube root is the fourth root, fifth root and so on. The key is how many times a number is multiplied by itself.[DOC] [TLE] Cube Root Calculator - Calculator Soup Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Share this Calculator & Page [PAR] Calculator Use [PAR] Use this calculator to find the cube root of positive or negative numbers. Given a number x, the cube root of x is a number a such that a3 = x. If x positive a will be positive, if x is negative a will be negative. Cube roots is a specialized form of our common radicals calculator . [PAR] Example Cube Roots: [PAR] The 3rd root of 64, or 64 radical 3, or the cube root of 64 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{64} = 4 \\). [PAR] The 3rd root of -64, or -64 radical 3, or the cube root of -64 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-64} = -4 \\). [PAR] The cube root of 8 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{8} = 2 \\). [PAR] The cube root of 10 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{10} = 2.154435 \\). [PAR] The cube root of x is the same as x raised to the 1/3 power. Written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{x} = x^{\\frac{1}{3}} \\). The common definition of the cube root of a negative number is that [PAR] (-x)1/3 = -(x1/3).[1] For example: [PAR] The cube root of -27 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-27} = -3 \\). [PAR] The cube root of -8 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-8} = -2 \\). [PAR] The cube root of -64 is written as \\( \\sqrt[3]{-64} = -4 \\). [PAR] Cube roots (for integer results 1 through 10) [PAR] Cube root of 1 is 1 [PAR] Cube root of 8 is 2 [PAR] Cube root of 27 is 3 [PAR] Cube root of 64 is 4 [PAR] Cube root of 125 is 5 [PAR] Cube root of 216 is 6 [PAR] Cube root of 343 is 7 [PAR] Cube root of 512 is 8 [PAR] Cube root of 729 is 9 [PAR] Cube root of 1000 is 10 [PAR] To calculate fractional exponents use our calculator for Fractional Exponents . [PAR] References [PAR] [1] Weisstein, Eric W. \"Square Root.\" From MathWorld -- A Wolfram Web Resource. Cube Root [PAR] Additional reading on cube roots:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Falster Map - Maps of World Falster Map [PAR] Online Quiz [PAR] Falster Map [PAR] Falster is located in the district of Storstoms in a small island of Denmark. The area of the city of Falster is about 514 square kilometer and it is situated between two major islands of Denmark Lolland and Zealand. [PAR] There are two scenic bridges which connects the two gorgeous islands. The island of Falster is one of the important tourist spots of Denmark as the southern most point of the country called the Gedser Odde is located within it. [PAR] Some of the major places of attractions in Falster are Frnaciscan Church, Falster Museum, Faro Bridge, Narro Alslev, Corseltize castle, Stubbekobing, Gedser, Ritmestersqard and Storstrom Bridge. While traveling around the city of Falster don't forget to take your kids to the Summerland Falster and Aqualand where they will certainly have a gala time. Most of the tourists destinations falls within Nykobing an integral part of Falster. Traveling around these sites will give you an exact idea about the history of the country of Denmark. Apart from the historical relics and world famous beaches Falster also boasts of having a number of sandy beaches. These beaches are located on the east coast of island and are a favorite summer destination of people of Denmark. [PAR] The city of Falster is well connected to the capital of Denmark, Copenhagen by the highway. The recent construction of Fehman Belt Bridge has further developed the communication to the island. While visiting Falster the city of Mon which is in close proximity can be also visited."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How the Leopard got his Spots - The Kipling Society How the Leopard got his Spots [PAR] [May 11 2005] [PAR] Publication history [PAR] First published in the Ladies\ufffd Home Journal, October 1901, illustrated by Frank Verbeck. Collected in Just So Stories (1902), illustrated by the author and followed by the poem \ufffdI am the most wise Baviaan\ufffd. [PAR] The story [PAR] The Leopard used to live on the sandy-coloured High Veldt. He too was sandy-coloured, and so was hard for prey animals like Giraffe and Zebra to see when he lay in wait for them. The Ethiopian lived there too and was similarly coloured. He, with his bow and arrows, used to hunt with the Leopard. [PAR] Then the prey animals left the High Veldt to live in a forest and grew blotches, stripes and other forms of camouflage. The Leopard and the Ethiopian were hungry and consulted Baviaan, the wise baboon, who said the prey animals had \ufffdgone into other spots\ufffd and advised them to do the same. So they went searching and came to the forest. They could smell Giraffe and Zebra there but could not see them. When night came, they managed to catch Giraffe and Zebra by sound and scent. Asked why they looked so different, the two prey animals demonstrated how easily they could disappear against the forest background. [PAR] So the Ethiopian changed his skin to black, and marked the Leopard\ufffds coat with his bunched black fingertips. Then they too could hide. They lived happily ever after, and will never change their colouring again. [PAR] Background notes [PAR] The manuscript of the story is in the volume Just So Stories in the British Library. The following poem is six lines longer there and includes details of the grounds at Bateman\ufffds, the Sussex estate bought by the Kiplings in 1902. According to Carrington\ufffds notes from Mrs Kipling\ufffds diaries, the story was written on 30 March 1901. [PAR] Roger Lancelyn Green (Kipling and the Children, p. 171) suggested that an oral version might date back as far as 1898, the first year when the Kiplings took their children for a winter holiday in South Africa. He read the poem as spoken by their eldest child Josephine, but the manuscript does not bear this out, unless Kipling was imagining how she might have reacted to life at Bateman\ufffds. She died three years before the family moved there. Later in Just So Stories, the last verse of the poem \ufffdMerrow Down\ufffd expresses his grief for her. [PAR] Kipling\ufffds American publisher and close friend F.N. Doubleday wrote in his memoirs [F.N. Doubleday, The Memoirs of a Publisher, written for his family in the late 1920s. Published by Doubleday and Co., Inc., New York 1972]: [PAR] When [Doubleday\ufffds son] Nelson was about seven or eight years old, Mr. Kipling was writing a series of Just So Stories \ufffd These tales were published in St Nicholas and were vastly interesting to Nelson. [PAR] He conceived the idea that if Mr. Kipling would write some more animal stories, the titles of which he suggested, they might be made into a book, and asked if I would mind his writing to Mr. Kipling on the subject. [PAR] I said no, whereupon he inquired if I would lend him a five-cent stamp, which he promised to repay, and wrote a long letter in his own fist, addressed to \ufffdRudyard Kipling, Rotting Dean,\ufffd giving a list of suggestions for new stories about different animals, and adding that if he wrote these stories and they were any good, his father, he was sure,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth, Charles to Pay Taxes at Top Rate ... Queen Elizabeth, Charles to Pay Taxes at Top Rate : Britain: The monarch will not be subject to ordinary inheritance taxes on assets owned as sovereign, such as castles, art and crown jewels. - latimes [PAR] Queen Elizabeth, Charles to Pay Taxes at Top Rate : Britain: The monarch will not be subject to ordinary inheritance taxes on assets owned as sovereign, such as castles, art and crown jewels. [PAR] February 12, 1993 |WILLIAM TUOHY | TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] LONDON \u2014 Queen Elizabeth II and her son and heir, the Prince of Wales, will begin paying the top tax rate on their personal income in April, Prime Minister John Major announced in Parliament on Thursday. [PAR] The agreement was revealed after almost a year of negotiations among the Inland Revenue Department, the British Treasury and the royal household--in the face of popular pressure that the queen should pay taxes. [PAR] However, her fortune will not be subject to ordinary inheritance taxes on assets owned as the sovereign--such as her castles, palaces, art collection and crown jewels. [PAR] \"I believe that is necessary to protect the independence of the monarchy,\" said Major, who noted that, otherwise, the kingdom could be \"salami sliced,\" reducing the royal assets over the generations. [PAR] But he said the inheritance tax \"should apply to all bequests or gifts by the sovereign, other than to transfers of assets from one sovereign to his or her successor.\" [PAR] Major also told members of Parliament that the queen had agreed to cut the number of members of the Royal Family funded by the taxpayers, leaving on the Civil List, the government-supplied allowance, only herself, her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh and the Queen Mother. [PAR] Further, Prince Charles will pay taxes at the ordinary income rate from his Duchy of Cornwall, which has massive real estate holdings, replacing the voluntary 25% he now pays. [PAR] A charitable trust will be set up to administer the queen's large art collection, Major said, funded in part by public admission charges. [PAR] After the prime minister's announcement, members of the royal household headed by the Lord Chamberlain, Lord Airlie, held a rare media briefing. Airlie said the new taxes would place a \"considerable additional burden\" on the queen's finances. [PAR] In explaining the queen's decision to subject her income to taxation, Airlie said, \"It is only by moving with the times, not too fast and not too slow, that the institution itself can continue to make its essential contribution to national life.\" [PAR] Airlie said the size of the queen's personal fortune--variously estimated from $135 million to more than $9 billion--was \"grossly exaggerated.\" [PAR] But he did not give any estimate of her assets, either public holdings or private investment portfolio, so even with her taxes at the highest 40% rate, it will still not be known how much she will pay. [PAR] In his statement to the House of Commons, Major said the Royal Family's tax figures would remain confidential--as is the case with every other taxpayer. [PAR] But Phillip Hall, author of a book on royal finances, estimated that the queen had personal tax liabilities that could produce a $20-million annual payment. [PAR] Queen Victoria paid income tax when it was first introduced in the last century. But King George V negotiated various exemptions in 1910, while his son, George VI, Elizabeth's father, stopped paying any income tax in the 1930s. [PAR] The queen's decision to pay taxes was generally greeted favorably. [PAR] Lord St. John of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Dempsey | American boxer | Britannica.com Jack Dempsey | American boxer | Britannica.com [PAR] American boxer [PAR] Alternative Titles: Kid Blackie, Manassa Mauler, William Harrison Dempsey [PAR] Jack Dempsey [PAR] Mike Tyson [PAR] Jack Dempsey, byname of William Harrison Dempsey, also called the Manassa Mauler (born June 24, 1895, Manassa, Colo., U.S.\u2014died May 31, 1983, New York , N.Y.), American world heavyweight boxing champion, regarded by many as the apotheosis of the professional fighter. He held the title from July 4, 1919, when he knocked out Jess Willard in three rounds in Toledo , Ohio, until Sept. 23, 1926, when he lost a 10-round decision to Gene Tunney in Philadelphia . Dempsey fought 84 bouts, winning 62, 51 of which were by knockout. [PAR] Dempsey started boxing in 1914 under the name Kid Blackie. In 1918 and early 1919 he compiled an impressive number of knockouts, most in the first round, to earn a fight with Willard. The 37-year-old champion proved no match for young Dempsey, who attacked ferociously from the starting bell and knocked Willard to the floor seven times in the first round. Even more primitive in its intensity was Dempsey\u2019s title defense against Argentine heavyweight Luis Angel Firpo in New York City on Sept. 14, 1923. After being knocked out of the ring in the first round, Dempsey battered Firpo into defeat in the second. [PAR] Jack Dempsey. [PAR] Jack Dempsey. [PAR] Hirz\u2014Archive Photos/Getty Images [PAR] During the next three years Dempsey fought only exhibition matches, and at the age of 31 he found that he had aged too much to deal with the carefully trained Tunney in their first fight. On Sept. 22, 1927, in Chicago , they met again in the famous \u201c Battle of the Long Count,\u201d in which Dempsey forfeited his chance for a seventh-round knockout by standing over the fallen Tunney rather than going to a neutral corner of the ring. Tunney recovered to win another 10-round decision. [PAR] Gene Tunney (right) fighting Jack Dempsey, 1927. [PAR] UPI/Bettmann Archive [PAR] In his boxing style Dempsey kept on the offensive almost continuously, bobbing up and down and moving from side to side as he delivered short swinging blows out of a crouch. His constant movement and the speed of his attack constituted his defense. [PAR] In the 1930s Dempsey appeared in many exhibitions, but he was never again a serious contender for the championship. In 1940 he had three knockout victories over unaccomplished opponents before retiring to referee boxing and wrestling matches. In World War II he served as a lieutenant commander in the Coast Guard. He eventually became a successful restaurateur in New York City. Dempsey published several books on boxing. His autobiographies include Round by Round (1940), Dempsey (1960), and Dempsey: The Autobiography of Jack Dempsey (1977). He was inducted into Ring magazine\u2019s Boxing Hall of Fame in 1954. [PAR] Jack Dempsey.[DOC] [TLE] famous Irish American boxers Archives - Wild Eyed Southern ... famous Irish American boxers Archives - Wild Eyed Southern Celt [PAR] Jun 24, 2014 by Pye O'Malley [PAR] The sport of boxing has a long history of Irish and Irish-American men who became legends of \u201cthe sweet science\u201d and one of the greatest (all due respect to Muhammad Ali, another boxer with Irish heritage) was born on this day, June 24, in 1895. William Harrison \u201cJack\u201d Dempsey was born to poor parents with Irish heritage in the small Colorado town of Manassa; by the age of 16, desperate for money, Jack began boxing all comers in alley and bar room settings, and soon made a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u200eThe Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988) directed by ... \u200eThe Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988) directed by Terry Gilliam \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] 10 [PAR] I honestly don't understand why this film was received so poorly when it was released. [PAR] Baron Munchausen is one of my favourite literary characters. He lives with an 'everything is possible' attitude and his adventures are thus accordingly bizarre. [PAR] There is in my mind no director better suited to catch the weirdness and zaniness of these adventures than Mr. Gilliam. This he proved from the get go by casting Neville as the Baron. He gives life to the character beautifully with superb enthusiasm and infectious gusto. [PAR] This is a Gilliam film so the visuals are naturally astounding. Gilliam's film is completely bonkers, it lacks coherence and jumps from one adventure to the next in a caleidoscope of cartoonish action and\u2026 [PAR] Your reality, sir, is lies and balderdash and I'm delighted to say that I have no grasp of it whatsoever. [PAR] -Baron Munchausen [PAR] Some film's have eccentric characters but here we have an entire film that has an eccentric personality. I think I unanimously see everything Terry Gilliam has directed from the 70s through to the 90s as gold, so I don't know why The Adventures of Baron Munchausen being right smack dab in the middle of that has avoided me for this long. [PAR] It's ridiculous, crazy, visionary, nonsensical but most of all is pure Terry Gilliam. The tale tales of one Hieronymus Carl Friedrich Baron von M\u00fcnchhausen is perfect fertile ground for Gilliam's unique mind. The only thing that might\u2026 [PAR] Review by Tony Black \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 [PAR] Quite often when a film production is beset with behind the scenes difficulties, said problems end up finding their way on screen via a shoddy end product. Not so with The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, yet another absolute curio from the strange and slightly brilliant mind of Terry Gilliam, which ended up taking longer to film than planned, was some say around $20 million over budget by close of play, and due to studio comings, goings & internal politics the movie had a hugely limited release that caused it to bomb wildly at the box office. As a result, Gilliam's film ended up becoming something of a cult piece of work, and quite rightly so - it's about as bizarre a\u2026 [PAR] Review by Devon Seltzer \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u00bd [PAR] ***Dinner with Gilliam - 5th Course*** [PAR] Wrapping up his self proclaimed \u201cImagination Trilogy\u201d, director Terry Gilliam once again bestows upon us a gift of pure, undistilled magic with The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. The titular Baron is a man of adventure in indeed, whose legendary exploits are the premise for a play being presented in a war-torn city. When the play and the war go south, only the real Munchausen can save the day with his ragtag band of servants and plenty of gusto. [PAR] Speaking of gusto, Gilliam gives this film all he's got, and I don't think any other director could have so effortlessly pulled off such a manic and fantastical premise. All of Gilliam's familiar hallmarks are here,\u2026 [PAR] Review by Mark C \u2605\u2605\u2605\u00bd [PAR] Only Terry Gilliam... [PAR] I was a child when The Adventures of Baron Munchausen came out and I recall being very excited about watching it. When I finally got round to it, I must admit its baroque bloatedness did alienate me a little in places, but I was still somewhat besotted by it. [PAR] Twenty Six years on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corfu | island, Greece | Britannica.com Corfu | island, Greece | Britannica.com [PAR] island, Greece [PAR] Alternative Titles: Corcyra, K\u00e9rkira, K\u00e9rkyra [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Sir Ian Hamilton [PAR] Corfu, Modern Greek K\u00e9rkyra, ancient (Latin) Corcyra, island in the Ionian Sea (Modern Greek: I\u00f3vio P\u00e9lagos), with adjacent small islands making up the nom\u00f3s (department) of K\u00e9rkyra (also called Corfu), Greece . Lying just off the coast of Epirus (\u00cdpeiros), it is about 36 miles (58 km) long, while its greatest breadth is about 17 miles (27 km) and its area 229 square miles (593 square km). Of limestone structure, the island is mountainous in the north and low in the south. Its northeastern protrusion, close to the Albanian coast, trends east-west and reaches a peak in Pantokrator Mountain (2,972 feet [906 m]); the other range, in the island\u2019s centre, is lower. [PAR] Olive and cypress trees against the mountainous background of northern Corfu (K\u00e9rkyra), \u2026 [PAR] Ion Gardey/Robert Harding Picture Library, London [PAR] The island is well watered, fertile, and reputed to have the most attractive countryside of the Greek islands. Olive trees predominate, but figs, oranges, lemons, grapes, and corn (maize) are also cultivated . Exports include olive oil, fruit, grain, and wine; Corfu\u2019s manufactures include soap and textiles. [PAR] Modern K\u00e9rkyra (Corfu), the chief city, port, and capital of the nom\u00f3s, lies on a peninsula on the east coast. The twin-peaked old citadel, with fortifications built by the Venetians (1550), was once an islet. Its old town, with its labyrinth of hilly, narrow streets, is a seat of a Greek metropolitan and a Roman Catholic bishop. [PAR] The name Corfu is an Italian corruption of the Greek koryphai (\u201ccrests\u201d) and is often a more familiar moniker to visitors than the Modern Greek name. According to legend , the island was Scheria, home of the Phaeacians in Homeric epic. A Corinthian colony established about 734 bce supplanted a settlement of Eretrians from Euboea . Proudly independent and even hostile to its mother city of Corinth, the new colony was reduced (c. 600 bce) by the Corinthian tyrant Periander , but later it regained independence and devoted itself to commerce. Corfu took no active part in the Persian invasion (480 bce) of Greece, but in 435 it sought the assistance of Athens in a quarrel with Corinth, a request that became a primary cause of the Peloponnesian War . Corfu quit the war in 410, but a new alliance with Athens (375) resulted in hostilities with Sparta . [PAR] Similar Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 27: A History of the 27 Club through the Lives of Brian ... 27: A History of the 27 Club through the Lives of Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse: Howard Sounes: 9780306823688: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] From Booklist [PAR] Rolling Stones cofounder Brian Jones drowned in his swimming pool; Jimi Hendrix overdosed and choked on his own vomit in a London hotel; Janis Joplin overdosed on heroin; Jim Morrison died of heart failure while in the bathtub of a Paris hotel room; Kurt Cobain committed suicide by shooting himself; Amy Winehouse drank herself to death. All are members of the notorious 27 Club: they all died prematurely young at the age of 27. Their stories are fascinating pieces of music trivia, but Sounes (Fab, 2010) is interested in why they behaved the way they did. What specifically made them so self-destructive? (Sounes includes an appendix of an additional 44 members of the 27 Club, including the bluesman Robert Johnson.) Although only Cobain deliberately committed suicide, Sounes argues that all six killed themselves. All were intelligent and talented, he maintains, but most had personality problems of some sort, such as depression or bipolar disorder; in addition, many were the children of divorced parents and had low self-esteem. Fans of these musicians will be intrigued and saddened by this fascinating and tragic account. --June Sawyers --This text refers to the Audio CD edition. [PAR] Review [PAR] Praise for 27 [PAR] \u0093This fine study looks at the tragic history of the 27 Club . Much of the book's power lies in its refusal to pander to the romantic-melancholy notion of the tortured young artist who lives fast and dies young. Instead the squalor and chaos of their everyday existence is exposed in uncompromising detail . This book is not about more rock star mythologizing. It's about skewering the mystery of the 27-connection, by exposing its all-too-tragic reality.\u201d\u0097Sunday Times (UK) [PAR] \u0093In a multi-stranded biography, Howard Sounes has set himself the task of finding a link between the lives and deaths of these six rock stars . Sounes's masterstroke is to unearth forensic levels of detail on his subjects . He has pulled off what could have been a tasteless project with sensitivity.\u201d\u0097The Times (UK) [PAR] \u0093This book is the first time that these committee members, as it were, of the 27 Club have been buried together under the same cover a gruesomely enjoyable read.\u201d\u0097The Spectator (UK) [PAR] \u0093The 27 Club is the exclusive members-only society that music stars don't want to join. Amy Winehouse, Kurt Cobain, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, and Brian Jones all died aged 27 and the biographer Howard Sounes uses this unhappy coincidence [to look] at the rock-star trajectory that brought them all to a premature end . Recommend[ed].\u201d\u0097New Statesman (UK) [PAR] \u0093Sounes mixes biography with investigative journalism, social science, and rock history into a work that is as engrossing as it is depressing Though he doesn't pull any punches when it comes to sensitive information about his subjects, he does write with a care that is refreshing for a topic that could easily devolve into ambulance chasing. Sounes, a true crime writer, is especially incisive when it comes to dispatching conspiracy theories built around many of these deaths. He captures the sad truth behind a club for which a youthful death is the only entr\u00e9e.\u201d\u0097Publishers Weekly, 9/23/13 [PAR] \u0093If you like reading about brilliant young people destroying themselves, this is your book Hard living started early will take its toll, and it's not a complete coincidence they all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert NM - nmi to m | nautical mile to meters Convert NM - nmi to m | nautical mile to meters [PAR] m [PAR] Converter type: length units [PAR] This online length from NM - nmi into m converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals. [PAR] First unit: nautical mile (NM - nmi) is used for measuring marine length. [PAR] Second: meter (m) is unit of length. [PAR] 1,852.00 m is converted to 1 of what? [PAR] The meters unit number 1,852.00 m converts to 1 NM - nmi, one nautical mile. It is the EQUAL marine length value of 1 nautical mile but in the meters length unit alternative. [PAR] How to convert 2 nautical miles (NM - nmi) into meters (m)? Is there a calculation formula? [PAR] First divide the two units variables. Then multiply the result by 2 - for example: [PAR] 1852 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5) [PAR] QUESTION: [PAR] 1 NM - nmi = 1,852.00 m [PAR] Other applications for this length calculator ... [PAR] With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this length converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool: [PAR] 1. in practicing nautical miles and meters ( NM - nmi vs. m ) values exchange. [PAR] 2. for conversion factors training exercises between unit pairs. [PAR] 3. work with length's values and properties. [PAR] International unit symbols for these two length measurements are: [PAR] Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. short brevis ), unit symbol, for nautical mile is: [PAR] NM - nmi [PAR] Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for meter is: [PAR] m [PAR] One nautical mile of length converted to meter equals to 1,852.00 m [PAR] How many meters of length are in 1 nautical mile? The answer is: The change of 1 NM - nmi ( nautical mile ) unit of length measure equals = to 1,852.00 m ( meter ) as the equivalent measure for the same length type. [PAR] In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solution. If there is an exact known measure in NM - nmi - nautical miles for length amount, the rule is that the nautical mile number gets converted into m - meters or any other length unit absolutely exactly. [PAR] Oven info & galleries"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The World's oldest currency - key facts. | CMC Markets The World's oldest currency - key facts. | CMC Markets [PAR] The World's oldest currency - key facts. [PAR] The World's oldest currency - key facts. [PAR] 00:00, July 06th 2015 [PAR] \u00b7 By Simone Tang [PAR] Share [PAR] Have you ever wondered what the oldest currency still in use is? The answer might be in your wallet. The British pound is the world's oldest currency still in use - it is 1200 years old. Sterling silver pennies have been around since 775AD, dating back to Anglo-Saxon times. The first fully printed banknotes were introduced in 1853. Before that, the Bank of England only issued partially printed notes with the \u201c\u00a3\u201d sign as well as the first digit. The numbers had to be added by hand and each note had to be signed by one of the bank's cashiers. The pound is currently the fourth most traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the US dollar, the Euro and the Japanese Yen. Each banknote (\u00a35, \u00a310, \u00a320, \u00a350) has its own color and size - the greater the value, the larger the note. All coins (1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, \u00a31 and \u00a32) carry the profile of Queen Elizabeth II facing right. Traditionally, monarchs alternate the direction they face on pound coins. The first banknote featuring the Queen's portrait was a \u00a31 pound note issued in 1960. Thin metal threads were embedded in banknotes in 1940 as protection against forgery during the Second World War. The pound is not only used in the United Kingdom. It also circulates in Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Gibraltar, Falkland Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Decimalisation was the biggest change in Britain's monetary system. The pound was divided into 100 pence in 1971. Until then, there were 12 pennies to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound. The \u00a31 coin was introduced in 1983 to replace the \u00a31 note because coins usually last much longer. At the time, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher believed coins were \u201cnot very popular\u201d and the pound note should be retained. One-pound notes are still issued in Scotland, Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, along with the \u00a31 pound coins, which are more commonly used. The \u00a32 coin was launched in 1986 to commemorate the 13th Commonwealth Games held in Scotland that year. All pound coins, except the \u00a32 ones, were redesigned in 2008. The six coins, from the 1p through to the 50p, can be pieced together to form the Royal Shield. The \u00a31 coin features the complete shield. One of the rarest British coins is the 1933 penny. A small number were produced that year because there were already plenty around. In fact, it is estimated that there were only seven coins and, due to tradition, three of them were buried in the foundation stones of buildings erected in 1933. More recently, the London 2012 Olympics 50p coins proved to be popular amongst collectors. More than 70% of them have been taken out of circulation, estimates the Royal Mint. The Bank of England is considering replacing paper banknotes by plastic notes from 2016. The polymer notes are more durable, stay cleaner for longer and are harder to fake. For a few years the Euro actually posed a significant threat to the pound. There was pressure from other EU countries, and even within Britain indicating that the UK should adopt the euro currency. Fortunately common sense prevailed and the likelihood is that the pound"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blondie and Dagwood - donaldschwab.com Blondie and Dagwood [PAR] Blondie and Dagwood [PAR] [PAR] Blondie is a popular comic strip created by Murat Bernard \"Chic\" Young and syndicated by King Features Syndicate. It has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the comic strip led to a long-run Blondie film series (1938-1950) and a popular Blondie radio program (1939-1950). [PAR] Chic Young drew Blondie until his death in 1973, when the control of the strip passed to his son Dean Young. Dean Young has collaborated with a number of artists on the strip, including Jim Raymond, Mike Gersher, Stan Drake, Denis Lebrun and most recently, John Marshall. Through these changes, Blondie has remained popular, appearing in more than 2300 newspapers in 55 countries and translated into 35 languages, as of 2005. Blondie celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2005. [PAR] Characters [PAR] Originally, Blondie focused on the adventures of Blondie Boopadoop, a carefree flapper girl who spent her days in dance halls. On February 17, 1933, after much fanfare and build-up, Miss Boopadoop married her boyfriend Dagwood Bumstead, the son of a wealthy industrialist. Unfortunately for the Bumsteads, Dagwood was disowned by his upper-crust family for marrying beneath his class. Ever since, he has been slaving away at the office of the J. C. Dithers Construction Company under the direction of tyrannical boss Julius Caesar Dithers, who frequently threatens to fire Dagwood from his workplace when (as frequently happens) Dagwood either botches or does not finish his work, sleeps on the job, comes into work late, or pesters Dithers for a raise or promotion. [PAR] Blondie and Dagwood live next door to Herb and Tootsie Woodley. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \"Baby Dumpling\") in 1934, a daughter named Cookie in 1941 (both permanently frozen in their late teens as of 2008), and a dog named Daisy. Alexander and Cookie have grown into teenagers who uncannily resemble their parents. Other regular characters include Mr. Beasley the mailman, Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play, Cora Dithers, the domineering wife of Julius Dithers, and Lou, owner of Lou's Diner where Dagwood frequently eats on his lunch break. [PAR] Running gags [PAR] There are several running gags in this strip. [PAR] * An impossibly tall sandwich Dagwood often fixes for a snack, which came to be known as a Dagwood sandwich. [PAR] * Dagwood's propensity to nap on the couch during the day. [PAR] * He is repeatedly shown colliding with Mr. Beasley while rushing out the front door each morning, or to be interrupted by other characters while he is relaxing in the bathtub. [PAR] * Goofing off or sleeping at his desk in the office. [PAR] * Mr. Dithers firing him for being incompetent, or physically booting him out of his office. [PAR] * Dagwood demanding a raise from Dithers and failing to get it every time. [PAR] * Dagwood meeting salesmen at his house door selling impossible looking items. [PAR] * The car pool gag, with various variations, with Dagwood keeping his car pool waiting, running after their car, or stuck in traffic. [PAR] * Having a midnight snack. [PAR] * The Christmas shopping gag, where Dagwood is shown holding up a number of Christmas packages that completely cover up his face and upper body. [PAR] 75th anniversary [PAR] In 2005 the strip celebrated its 75th anniversary. In preparation of the anniversary the artists started the longest running serial ever, starting on 10 July, 2005, and running till 4 September, 2005."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble Letter Values - The values of all tiles in Scrabble Scrabble Letter Values - The values of all tiles in Scrabble [PAR] I Words [PAR] Scrabble Letter Values [PAR] A list of all the Scrabble letter values. Playing a word and not sure what the values of each tiles are? This list of all the Scrabble letter points has everything you need to know to calculate the tile points. [PAR] Sign up for our Free Scrabble Words newsletter. We won't send you spam or share your email address with anyone. We Promise. [PAR] Free Scrabble Tips! [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] SCRABBLE\u00ae is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Words with Friends is a trademark of Zynga With Friends. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. Wordfind.com is not affiliated with SCRABBLE\u00ae, Mattel, Spear, Hasbro, or Zynga with Friends in any way. This site is for entertainment purposes only. [PAR] All content Copyright \u00a9 2010 - 2015 White Urchin Ventures, Inc. All rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble tile values: Why it\u2019s a mistake to change the ... Stefan Fatsis is the author of Word Freak and A Few Seconds of Panic and is a panelist on Hang Up and Listen . Follow him on Twitter. [PAR] Any Scrabble player can tell you that the X is actually worth eight points. But as Butts was creating the game, in a fifth-floor walkup in Queens, he tinkered\u2014with the layout of the board, with the total number of tiles, with their distribution, and with their respective point values. \u201cIt\u2019s not hit or miss,\u201d Butts said long afterward. \u201cIt\u2019s carefully worked out.\u201d [PAR] Seventy-five years later, Butts\u2019 carefully worked out point values are under attack. Late last month, a University of California\u2013San Diego, cognitive science postdoc and casual player named Joshua Lewis conducted a computer analysis to recalibrate Scrabble\u2019s letter values based on the game\u2019s current lexicon. Lewis reposted his findings to Hacker News, and they were picked up by Digg and went viral. Around the same time, Sam Eifling, writing for Deadspin, asked a programmer friend to do the same . Both were inspired by the fact that while the language had changed dramatically from the time Butts performed his calculations, the game of Scrabble had not. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] It\u2019s a fair observation. Since Scrabble was adopted in chess parlors in New York in the 1950s, competitive players have dissected its strategic quirks. One early realization was that short words have outsized value, so players scoured the preferred source (the now-defunct Funk & Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary) and compiled lists of two- and three-letter words. They also recognized that the most common letters showed up in a lot of words, so they recorded and memorized seven- and eight-letter words\u2014ones that would earn the 50-point bonus for using all seven tiles at once\u2014that contained A, E, I, N, R, S, and T, among other single-point letters. You didn\u2019t need a computer to see that the Q, though worth the most points, was a pain in the rack but the Z not so much. [PAR] Since the publication in 1978 of the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, a compilation of several standard college dictionaries, the game\u2019s word list has grown by tens of thousands of words. From a playing vantage, the addition of QI (a Chinese life force) and ZA (short for pizza) in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jamaica Inn - Daphne Du Maurier Jamaica Inn [PAR] Please see disclaimer [PAR] Jamaica Inn [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdJamaica Inn stands today, hospitable and kindly, a temperance house on the twenty mile road between Bodmin and Launceston. In the following story of adventure I have pictured it as it might have been over a hundred and twenty years ago; and although existing place-names figure in the pages, the characters and events described are entirely imaginary\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] Jamaica Inn by Daphne du Maurier, 1936. [PAR] Jamaica Inn is no longer a temperance house, nor does it stand on the road from Bodmin to Launceston; due to modern road development the road has moved. But Jamaica Inn does still stand solid and strong on Bodmin Moor and on a bleak November day can appear as dark and foreboding as it was described in Daphne\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds novel. But its thousands of annual visitors will tell you different because, these days, Jamaica Inn is a vibrant and welcoming place to stay awhile when travelling in Cornwall. It is a hotel with a restaurant, bar, shop, museum and a farm shop (opening Spring 2016), all of which are cared for under the watchful eye of Allen Jackson who bought the Inn in March 2014. [PAR] The fame of Jamaica Inn undoubtedly springs from the novel Daphne du Maurier wrote and the story of how she came to write it is almost as good as the novel itself. [PAR] In November 1930 Daphne and her friend Foy Quiller Couch went to stay at Jamaica Inn overnight, while on a riding expedition on Bodmin Moor. It was Daphne\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds first experience of the Inn. In the afternoon they set off across the desolate and sinister moor and lost their way. Darkness fell, it was raining and the two young women had little hope of finding their way back. They found a derelict barn and Daphne was keen to stay there but Foy thought they would catch their death if they did so, putting their trust in the horses, they allowed themselves to be led across the moor until they eventually saw the lights of Jamaica Inn in the distance and knew that the instinct of the horses had saved them. [PAR] A year later, on a second visit to Jamaica Inn, Daphne and Foy visited the village of Altarnun and its church, St Nonna, also known as the Cathedral of the Moor. The vicar of Altarnun visited them that evening and there can be no doubt that those two visits to Jamaica Inn, and whatever the vicar said to Daphne on that evening, were to brew in her mind until the story of Jamaica Inn became the novel we know today. [PAR] Jamaica Inn, Bolventor, Launceston, Cornwall PL15 7TS Tel: +44 (0) 1566 86250 www.jamaicainn.co.uk[DOC] [TLE] Jamaica Inn by Du Maurier, Daphne - Biblio.com Jamaica Inn by Du Maurier, Daphne [PAR] Reviews (1) [PAR] feeney (Black Mountain): I saw JAMAICA INN the 1939 movie before I read the 1936 novel. The movie, with young Maureen O'Hara and directed by Alfred Hitchcock, is very, very loosely, too loosely, based on the novel and in my opinion badly told to boot. Novel's author Daphne du Maurier wrote to her publisher: \"Don't go and see it, it is a wretched affair.\" ***Hitchcock's JAMAICA INN frankly depressed me. It was that bad and demotivated me for reading the novel. But, in the end, dutifully, I opened du Maurier's tale of Cornish smugglers and killers in the early 19th Century and was drawn in at once to an astonishingly good yarn. 23-year old recently"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beyonc\u00e9 | New Music And Songs Beyonc\u00e9 | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Beyonc\u00e9 [PAR] About Beyonc\u00e9 [PAR] One of the most recognizable figures in contemporary music, Beyonc\u00e9 rose to fame as the central member of pop-R&B group Destiny's Child before embarking on a multi-platinum, record-breaking solo career in 2001. Booming record sales, Grammy awards, movie roles, and marriage to rapper/CEO Jay-Z combined to heighten her profile in the 2000s. Billboard named her female artist of the decade, while the RIAA acknowledged that, through 64 gold and platinum certifications, she was the decade's top-selling artist. Once she released her fifth solo album in 2013, it was evident that the singer, songwriter, and dancer wasn't merely an entertainer but a progressive artist as well. [PAR] Born in Houston in September 1981, Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles began performing at age seven, winning over 30 local competitions for her dancing and vocal abilities. She joined her cousin Kelly Rowland and classmates LaTavia Roberson and LeToya Luckett in forming an adolescent vocal group. Mathew Knowles, Beyonc\u00e9's father and Rowland's legal guardian, signed on to be the girls' manager, eventually quitting his full-time job to focus on their efforts. This situation would ultimately lead to the creation of one of the most popular female R&B groups of all time -- Destiny's Child. [PAR] Destiny's Child gained momentum throughout the '90s. They appeared on Star Search in 1992 (under the name Girls Tyme) and weathered several lineup changes before signing to Columbia in 1997. Four studio albums later, the group had officially become the best-selling female group of all time, with such smash hits as \"Jumpin' Jumpin',\" \"Bills, Bills, Bills,\" \"Say My Name,\" and \"Survivor\" bolstering the young women's momentum despite lawsuits from former members Roberson and Luckett (who contested Mathew Knowles' management, claiming he withheld profits and unjustly favored his daughter and niece). In 2001, Beyonc\u00e9, Rowland, and replacement member Michelle Williams allowed themselves a break from the group to pursue individual solo careers. Before landing several movie roles, Beyonc\u00e9 became the first African-American female artist and second woman ever to win the annual ASCAP Pop Songwriter of the Year Award. An appearance in the MTV drama Carmen: A Hip Hopera quickly followed, but it was her role as Foxxy Cleopatra in 2002's Austin Powers in Goldmember that established her as a true Hollywood star. [PAR] While her inclusion on the movie's soundtrack failed to chart nationally, Beyonc\u00e9's full-length solo debut, 2003's Dangerously in Love, reached multi-platinum status. Featuring collaborations with Sean Paul, Missy Elliott, OutKast's Big Boi, and romantic interest Jay-Z, the album spawned a total of four Top Ten singles and garnered the singer five Grammys. Destiny's Child reconvened the following year to release Destiny Fulfilled; upon completing the resulting tour, the group issued one final album, a greatest-hits compilation entitled #1's, and subsequently disbanded. Beyonc\u00e9 turned her full attention to her burgeoning solo career. She released B'day in September 2006 and, three months later, turned in an award-winning performance for the movie musical Dreamgirls. The singer then embarked on the Beyonc\u00e9 Experience concert tour and released a live DVD in November 2007. [PAR] The following year proved to be another busy one as Beyonc\u00e9 landed the role of Etta James in Cadillac Records, a musical biopic that explored the heyday of Chicago's Chess label. Shooting commenced in February 2008, with Beyonc\u00e9 also serving as co-executive producer. One month before the film's December release, the singer released her third studio album, I Am...Sasha Fierce. The double-disc effort emphasized her two distinct personalities, allowing Beyonc\u00e9 to explore both mainstream sounds and traditional"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Liverpool - UK Codes - The Phone Book from BT Liverpool - UK Codes - The Phone Book from BT [PAR] The code for Liverpool is 0151 [PAR] Dialling from abroad [PAR] To dial 0151 from abroad, dial the international access code followed by the country code for the UK (44). Proceed to enter the local code 0151 without the first zero e.g. 151 followed by the remaining telephone number"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angles of a Triangle - Free Math Help Angles of a Triangle - Free Math Help [PAR] How are the three angles related? [PAR] Angles Can Be Added [PAR] Just like regular numbers, angles can be added to obtain a sum, perhaps for the purpose of determining the measure of an unknown angle. Sometimes we can determine a missing angle because we know that the sum must be a certain value. Remember -- the sum of the degree measures of angles in any triangle equals 180 degrees. Below is a picture of triangle ABC, where angle A = 60 degrees, angle B = 50 degrees and angle C = 70 degrees. [PAR] If we add all three angles in any triangle we get 180 degrees. So, the measure of angle A + angle B + angle C = 180 degrees. This is true for any triangle in the world of geometry. We can use this idea to find the measure of angle(s) where the degree measure is missing or not given. [PAR] Finding a Missing Angle [PAR] In triangle ABC below, angle A = 40 degrees and angle B = 60 degrees. What is the measure of angle C? [PAR] We know that the sum of the measures of any triangle is 180 degrees. Using the fact that angle A + angle B + angle C = 180 degrees, we can find the measure of angle C. [PAR] angle A = 40 [PAR] angle C = we don't know. [PAR] To find angle C, we simply plug into the formula above and solve for C. [PAR] A + B + C = 180 [PAR] C = 180 - 40 - 60 [PAR] C = 80 [PAR] To check if 80 degrees is correct, let's add all three angle measures. If we get 180 degrees, then our answer for angle C is right. [PAR] Here we go: [PAR] 40 + 60 + 80 = 180 [PAR] 180 = 180...It checks! [PAR] You don't always have to plug in those values to the equation and solve. Once you're comfortable with this sort of problem you'll be able to say \"okay, 40 + 60 =100, so the other angle has to be 80!\" and it's much quicker. [PAR] Equilateral Triangles [PAR] If a triangle is equilateral, what is the degree measure of each of its angles? [PAR] Remember, all sides of an equilateral triangle have equal measure. They also, as you'll learn, have equal angles! Let x = the degree measure of each angle. Triangles have three angles and so we will add x THREE times. [PAR] We have this: [PAR] 3x = 180 [PAR] x = 60 [PAR] Makes sense, right? If all the angles are equal, and they add up to 180, then it has to be 60 degrees! [PAR] A Ratio of Angles [PAR] The degree measures of the angles of a triangle are in the ratio 4 : 5 : 9. [PAR] What is the degree measure of the SMALLEST angle of the triangle? [PAR] Notice that the smallest angle is represented by the smallest number in the ratio given. The smallest number given is 4, right? Since this is a ratio, we have to multiply all those values (4,5,9) by some common factor to get the actual angles. (For example, 60 and 80 are in a 3:4 ratio with a factor of 20) [PAR] Let 4x = the measure of the smallest angle of the triangle. We can now say that 5x and 9x = the degree measures of the remaining angles of the triangle. We"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the cube root of 512? | Reference.com What is the cube root of 512? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the cube root of 512? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The cube root of 512 is eight. This is because when eight is cubed, or multiplied by itself three times (8 x 8 x 8), it is equal to 512. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] When a number is cubed, it is multiplied by itself three times. For example, two cubed is equal to 2 x 2 x 2, or eight. Also, three cubed is equal to 3 x 3 x 3, or 27. Similarly, eight cubed is equal to 8 x 8 x 8, or 512. The cube root is the value that must be cubed to equal said number. It can be found by multiplying the number to the power of one-third."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wimbledon legend Billie Jean King - Home - BBC News BBC SPORT | Tennis | Wimbledon History | Wimbledon legends: Billie-Jean King [PAR] Wimbledon legends: Billie-Jean King [PAR] Wimbledon titles: 1966, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1973, 1975 [PAR] Runner up: 1963, 1969, 1970 [PAR] Grand Slam titles: 12 [PAR] Prize money: $1,996,487 [PAR] Billie-Jean King, who won 39 Grand Slam titles in total, was probably the greatest-ever competitor at Wimbledon. [PAR] She won 20 titles in all at SW19 when you add 10 doubles and four mixed doubles to her six singles titles. [PAR] King competed 22 times in 23 years and played a record 265 matches at the All England Club. losing just 41 of them. [PAR] In 1973, she was the last player to win the triple crown of the singles and two doubles championships, with Owen Davidson and Rosie Casals. [PAR] She first came to Wimbledon as a bespectacled 17-year-old in 1961, under her maiden name of Billie-Jean Moffat. [PAR] Over the next two decades she dominated women's tennis with fearsomely confident and aggressive play, a style perfectly suited to Wimbledon. [PAR] Her great rival was Australian Margaret Court, who beat her in the finals of 1963 and 1970. [PAR] She will be best remembered for a match that has no place in the official records of tennis. In 1973, aged 29, she played 55-year-old Bobby Riggs in a contest titled the Battle of the Sexes. [PAR] It was watched by the largest crowd ever to witness a tennis match, 30,492, and 50 million around the world on television. King won 6-4, 6-4, 6-3. [PAR] It is away from the court that King has had her greatest, and continuing, influence. [PAR] She was a prime mover in the creation of her sport's ruling body, the Women's Tennis Association, and the creation of a professional tour in 1970. [PAR] King worked tirelessly to promote the women's game, fighting for equal prize money at Wimbledon as long ago as 1973."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Play Contract Rummy Online Play Contract Rummy Online [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Contract Rummy [PAR] Contract Rummy is played with two standard decks of 52 cards, including the jokers. The number of jokers in play is determined by the number of players, and should always be one less than the number of players in the game. Contract Rummy is played with three to five players, but the best games are played when there is an equal number of four players. [PAR] There are seven rounds to the game. Play takes place in a clockwise direction and the initial dealer is chosen at random. All cards are dealt one at a time, and for the first three rounds of the game each player receives a total of ten cards. The four remaining rounds, each player receives a total of twelve cards each. [PAR] After each player has received their alloted cards, the remaining cards are placed face down on the table to form the stock pile, the top card of which is turned face up and placed alongside to start the discard pile. [PAR] The object of each round is to dispose of all your cards by a combination of either melding, laying off and discarding. In order to do any melding or laying off, a player must begin by fulfilling their contract for the round currently being played. [PAR] A meld can be done in two ways, either in sequences or in groups. A sequence in this game will consists of at least four consecutive cards of the same suit, or a group which consists three cards of the same rank. An ace can count as low or high but not both at the same time. [PAR] Any sequence can be extended by adding further consecutive cards to what is already on the table. When a player goes out, by means of disposing of all their cards, the other players score penalty points for all the cards remaining in their hands. The object of the game is to have the lowest score at the end of the game (seven rounds). [PAR] Each successive round of the game has a contract which is as follows:- [PAR] Two Groups of 3's = total of 6 cards [PAR] One Group of 3's and One Sequence of 4's = a total of 7 cards [PAR] Two Sequences of 4's = a total of 8 cards [PAR] Three Groups of 3's = a total of 9 cards [PAR] Two Groups of 3's and One Sequence of 4's = a total of 10 cards [PAR] One Group of 3 and Two Sequences of 4 = a total of 11 cards [PAR] Three Sequences of 4's and No Discard [PAR] Jokers may be used in either sequences or groups, to substitute for any missing card. [PAR] Once the round commences, the player must either draw the top card off the stock pile or they may take a card from the top of the discard pile. A player who chooses to draw a card from the stock pile rather than use the top card of the discard pile, must first give any other player who wishes, the opportunity to take the discarded card. [PAR] The player may place groups or sequences from hand face up on the table. This can only be done once by each player during each round. When melding, you must lay down exactly the combination of groups or sequences which is required by the contract for that round. When a player melds, they can only meld the minimum number of cards required."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bits and Bytes Bits and Bytes [PAR] Bits and Bytes [PAR] At the smallest scale in the computer, information is stored as bits and bytes. In this section, we'll look at how that works. [PAR] Bit [PAR] Bit, like an atom, the smallest unit of storage [PAR] A bit stores just a 0 or 1 [PAR] \"In the computer it's all 0's and 1's\" ... bits [PAR] Anything with two separate states can store 1 bit [PAR] -Nick's tennis racket example [PAR] Chip uses areas of electric charge as 0/1 states [PAR] Hard drive uses spots North/South magnetism 0/1 states [PAR] A bit is too small to be much use [PAR] Group 8 bits together to make 1 byte [PAR] Everything in a computer is 0's and 1's ... what does that mean? The bit stores just a 0 or 1 .. it's the smallest building block of storage. [PAR] Byte [PAR] One byte = grouping of 8 bits [PAR] e.g. 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 [PAR] One byte can store one letter, e.g. 'A' or 'x' [PAR] How Many Patterns With N Bits? [PAR] How many distinct patterns can be made with 1, 2, or 3 bits? [PAR] Number of bits [PAR] 3 bits vs. 2 bits [PAR] Consider just the leftmost bit [PAR] It can only be 0 or 1 [PAR] Lefmost bit is 0, then append 2-bit patterns [PAR] Leftmost bit is 1, then append 2-bit patterns again [PAR] Result ... 3-bits has twice as many patterns as 2-bits [PAR] Number of bits [PAR] In general: add 1 bit, double the number of patterns [PAR] 1 bit - 2 patterns [PAR] 8 bits - 256 - one byte [PAR] Mathematically: n bits yields 2n patterns (2 to the nth power) [PAR] One Byte - 256 Patterns [PAR] 1 byte is group of 8 bits [PAR] 8 bits can make 256 different patterns [PAR] How to use the 256 patterns? [PAR] How to store a number in a byte? [PAR] Start with 0, go up, one pattern per number, until run out of patterns [PAR] 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... 254, 255 [PAR] One byte can hold a number between 0 and 255 [PAR] i.e. with 256 distinct patterns, we can store a number in the range 0..255 [PAR] Code: pixel.setRed(n) took a number 0..255. Why? [PAR] The red/green/blue image numbers are each stored in one byte [PAR] Bytes [PAR] \"Byte\" - unit of information storage [PAR] A document, an image, a movie .. how many bytes? [PAR] 1 byte is enough to hold 1 typed letter, e.g. 'b' or 'X' [PAR] Later we'll look at storage in: RAM, hard drives, flash drives [PAR] All measured in bytes, despite being very different hardware [PAR] Kilobyte, KB, about 1 thousand bytes [PAR] Megabyte, MB, about 1 million bytes [PAR] Gigabyte, GB, about 1 billion bytes [PAR] Terabyte, TB, about 1 trillion bytes (rare) [PAR] The space that data takes up in the computer is measured in by the \"byte\". One byte is big enough to hold a single typed letter, like 'a'. Here we'll look at storing data in RAM memory and in persistent storage like a hard drive. All of that storage space will be measured in bytes. We'll look at byte arithmetic in more detail later. [PAR] Bytes and Letters - ASCII Code [PAR] ASCII is an encoding representing each typed letter by a number [PAR] Each number is stored in one byte (so the number is in 0..255) [PAR] A is 65 [PAR] space is 32 [PAR] \"Unicode\" is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Moons Does Mars Have? - Universe Today How Many Moons Does Mars Have? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Many Moons Does Mars Have? [PAR] Article Updated: 12 Aug , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Many of the planets in our Solar System have a system of moons. But among the rocky planets that make up the inner Solar System, having moons is a privilege enjoyed only by two planets: Earth and Mars . And for these two planets, it is a rather limited privilege compared to gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn which each have dozens of moons. [PAR] Whereas Earth has only one satellite (aka. the Moon ), Mars has two small moons: Phobos and Deimos. And whereas the vast majority of moons in our Solar System are large enough to become round spheres similar to our own Moon, Phobos and Deimos are asteroid-sized and misshapen in appearance. [PAR] Size, Mass and Orbit: [PAR] The larger moon is Phobos, whose name comes from the Greek word which means \u201cfear\u201d (i.e. phobia). Phobos measures just 22.7 km across and has an orbit that places it closer to Mars than Deimos. Compared to Earth\u2019s own Moon \u2014 which orbits at a distance of 384,403 km away from our planet \u2014 Phobos orbits at an average distance of only 9,377 km above Mars. [PAR] This produces an orbit of short duration, revolving around the planet three times in a single day. For someone standing on the planet\u2019s surface, Phobos could be seen crossing the sky in only 4 hours or so. [PAR] Phobos, the larger of Mars\u2019 two moons, with the Stickney crater seen on the right side. Credit: HiRISE, MRO, LPL (U. Arizona), NASA [PAR] Mars\u2019 second moon is Deimos, which takes its name from the Greek word for panic. It is even smaller, measuring just 12.6 km across, and is also less irregular in shape. Its orbit places it much farther away from Mars, at a distance of 23,460 km, which means that Deimos takes 30.35 hours to complete an orbit around Mars. [PAR] When impacted, dust and debris will leave the surface of the moon because they do not have enough gravitational pull to retain the ejecta. However, the gravity from Mars will keep a ring of this debris around the planet in approximately the same region that the moon orbits. As the moon revolves, the debris is redeposited as a dusty layer on its surface. [PAR] Like Earth\u2019s Moon, Phobos and Deimos always present the same face to their planet. Both are lumpy, heavily-cratered and covered in dust and loose rocks. They are among the darker objects in the solar system. The moons appear to be made of carbon-rich rock mixed with ice. Given their composition, size and shape, astronomers think that both of Mars\u2019 moons were once asteroids that were captured in the distant past. [PAR] However, it appears that of these two satellites, Phobos won\u2019t be orbiting the Red Planet for very much longer. Because it orbits Mars faster than the planet itself rotates, it is slowly spiraling inward. As a result, scientists estimate that in the next 10-50 million years or so, it will get so low that the Martian gravity will tear Phobos into a pile of rocks. And then a few million years later, those rocks will crash down on the surface of Mars in a spectacular string of impacts. [PAR] The Martian Moon of Deimos, as pictured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Credit: HiRISE/MRO/LPL (U. Arizona)/NASA [PAR] Composition and Surface Features: [PAR] Phobos and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Colors in a Rainbow | How Many Are There How Many Colors in a Rainbow | How Many Are There [PAR] You Are Here: Home \u00bb World \u00bb How Many Colors in a Rainbow [PAR] How Many Colors in a Rainbow [PAR] Posted by: admin Posted date: September 23, 2012 In: World | Comment : 0 | 23,811 views [PAR] There are 7 colors of the rainbow. You can remember them because they spell out ROY G BIV. The first letter of the colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet and indigo. [PAR] Rainbows are commonly thought as having 7 colors. The colors in order are: [PAR] Red [PAR] Indigo [PAR] Violet [PAR] However, indigo and violet are close enough on the color wheel to represent the secondary color resulting from the combination of primary colours red and blue. An alternate answer is 6 for cases in which either indigo or violet is omitted or both are replaced with the term \u201cpurple\u201d. [PAR] If you are referring to how many colors in terms of big numbers, it\u2019s pretty much infinity, but a smaller infinity than how many colors there are. For example, black, white, brown, and pink are not in the rainbow. [PAR] A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection of light in water droplets in the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured arc. [PAR] Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the sun. [PAR] In a \u201cprimary rainbow\u201d, the arc shows red on the outer part and violet on the inner side. This rainbow is caused by light being refracted while entering a droplet of water, then reflected inside on the back of the droplet and refracted again when leaving it. [PAR] In a double rainbow, a second arc is seen outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colours reversed, red facing toward the other one, in both rainbows. This second rainbow is caused by light reflecting twice inside water droplets. [PAR] A spectrum obtained using a glass prism and a point source, is a continuum of wavelengths without bands. The number of colours that the human eye is able to distinguish in a spectrum is in the order of 100. Accordingly, the Munsell colour system (a 20th century system for numerically describing colours, based on equal steps for human visual perception) distinguishes 100 hues. However, the human brain tends to divide them into a small number of primary colours. The apparent discreteness of primary colours is an artefact of the human brain. Newton originally (1672) divided the spectrum in five primary colours: red, yellow, green, blue and violet. Later he included orange and indigo, giving seven primary colours by analogy to the number of notes in a musical scale. The Munsell colour system removed orange and indigo again, and returned to five primary colours. The exact number of primary colours for humans is a somewhat arbitrary choice. [PAR] The colour pattern of a rainbow is different from a spectrum, and the colours are less saturated. There is spectral smearing in a rainbow due to the fact that for any particular wavelength, there is a distribution of exit angles, rather than a single unvarying angle. In addition, a rainbow is a blurred version of the bow obtained from a point source, because the disk diameter of the sun (0.5\u00b0) cannot be neglected compared to the width of a rainbow (2\u00b0). The number of colour bands of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why must opposite faces of dice always add up to 7 (1/6,2 ... Why must opposite faces of dice always add up to 7 (1/6,2/5,3/4)? Would it make any difference if they didn't? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] Why must opposite faces of dice always add up to 7 (1/6,2/5,3/4)? Would it make any difference if they didn't? [PAR] Bill Thomson, Watford, Herts [PAR] The design as a whole is to provide a randomly determined integer from one to six, each of those values being equally likely to militate against concerns that the faces of dice cause a small bias. For a single roll of a fair s-sided die, the probability of rolling each value is exactly 1/s-an of a discrete uniform distribution. For n multiple rolls, with a s-sided die the possibility space is equal to sn. So, for n rolls of an s-sided die the probability of any result is 1/sn. As the number of dice increases, the distribution of the sum of all numbers tends to normal distribution by the central limit theorem. [PAR] GOTETI MVSR KRISHNA, TADEPALLIGUDEM,ANDHRAPRADESH INDIA [PAR] If you take the numbers 1,2....6 then add opp faces! You could have 1+2=3. 4+5=9. remember you could have other combination,,this is random, but for the example chosen.......It only leaves,the two numbers we have not used 6,3,,6+3=9 [PAR] Zen Silvestri, melrose Scotland [PAR] I want an answer to this Question! The laws of physics come from an empirical point of view or from a theoretical point of view but they must satisfy the empirical reality if they come from theoretical consideration. So it looks like to me that the empirical came first and from that we get the laws/rules that fit that empirical relationship.If that is the case we can never \"\"INVENT\"\" anything all we do is find out what is there and adapt it to fit our needs//NOO?? I look forward to an answer to this DILEMA Zen [PAR] Zen Silvestri, Melrose Scotland"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Chaplin - IMDb Charles Chaplin - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Writer | Actor | Soundtrack [PAR] Charlie Chaplin, considered to be one of the most pivotal stars of the early days of Hollywood, lived an interesting life both in his films and behind the camera. He is most recognized as an icon of the silent film era, often associated with his popular \"Little Tramp\" character; the man with the toothbrush mustache, bowler hat, bamboo cane, and a ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 05 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 47 people [PAR] created 24 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 34 people [PAR] created 26 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 08 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 people [PAR] created 11 Feb 2014 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Charles Chaplin's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 19 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 1952 Limelight (original story and screenplay) [PAR] 1947 Monsieur Verdoux (an original story written by) [PAR] 1931 City Lights (written by) [PAR] 1928 The Circus (written by - as Charlie Chaplin) [PAR] 1923 The Pilgrim (written by) [PAR] 1922/I Pay Day (Short) (as Charlie Chaplin) [PAR] 1921 The Idle Class (Short) (written by - as Charlie Chaplin) [PAR] 1921 The Kid (written by - as Charlie Chaplin) [PAR] 1919 The Professor (Short) (uncredited) [PAR] 1919 A Day's Pleasure (Short) (written by - as Charlie Chaplin) [PAR] 1919 Sunnyside (Short) (written by - as Charlie Chaplin) [PAR] 1918 The Bond (Short) (writer) [PAR] 1918 Triple Trouble (Short) (screenplay - uncredited) / (story - uncredited) [PAR] 1917 The Immigrant (Short) (written by) [PAR] 1917 The Cure (Short) (screenplay - uncredited) / (story - uncredited) [PAR] 1917 Easy Street (Short) (screenplay - uncredited) / (story - uncredited) [PAR] 1915 A Woman (Short) (uncredited) [PAR] 1915 Work (Short) (uncredited) [PAR] - Episode #2.34 (2012) ... (music: \"Smile\") [PAR] 2012 Brazil Avenue (TV Series) (performer: \"Smile\") / (writer: \"Smile\") [PAR] 2011 The Silence of Pelesjan (Documentary) (writer: \"Theme from 'Limelight'\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2011 Mr. Popper's Penguins (music: \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0018773\", \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0015864\", \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0009611\", \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0027977\") / (writer: \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0018773\", \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0015864\", \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0009611\", \"CUES FROM THE CHAPLIN FILM tt0027977\") [PAR] 2011 The 83rd Annual Academy Awards (TV Special) (writer: \"Smile\") [PAR] The X Factor (TV Series) (music - 1 episode, 2010) (writer - 1 episode, 2004) [PAR] - Live Final (2004) ... (writer: \"Smile\") [PAR] 2010 Brazilian Beats (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Braguinha (2010) ... (writer: \"Sorri\", \"Luzes da Ribalta\") [PAR] - Episode #1.2 (2010) ... (writer: \"Smile\") [PAR] 2010 Prozhektorperiskhilton (TV Series) (music - 1 episode) [PAR] - Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa/Mikhail Shvydkoy/Aleksandr Gradskiy/Lolita Milyavskaya (2010) ... (music: \"Smile\" - uncredited) [PAR] Diva (TV Series) (lyrics - 1 episode, 2010) (music - 1 episode, 2010) [PAR] - Singin' in the Rain (2010) ... (lyrics: \"Smile\") / (music: \"Smile\") [PAR] 2009 Glee (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Mattress (2009) ... (writer: \"Smile\" - uncredited)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Hardcastle - 19 (HD 16:9) - YouTube Paul Hardcastle - 19 (HD 16:9) - YouTube [PAR] Paul Hardcastle - 19 (HD 16:9) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 6, 2014 [PAR] \"19\" is a song by British musician Paul Hardcastle released as the first single from his self-titled third studio album Paul Hardcastle (1985). [PAR] The song has a strong anti-war message, focusing on America's involvement in the Vietnam War and the effect it had on the soldiers who served. [PAR] \"19\" topped the charts in the UK for five weeks, and reached the top 20 in the US, where it also topped the dance chart. For a while, it was the top selling single in 13 countries. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The study of ferns and related plants. - reddit.com The study of ferns and related plants. [PAR] The study of ferns and related plants. [PAR] Peer Reviewed Botanical Papers [PAR] Orchids - Orchid ID, care, and growth [PAR] Cactus - Cactus ID, care, and growth [PAR] Bromeliads - Brom ID, care, and growth [PAR] Gardening - Outdoor plant care [PAR] Flowers - Flower pictures [PAR] If your subreddit is not listed, or you would like to suggest a subreddit, please message the mods [PAR] created by maedae a community for [PAR] 4 years [PAR] get the best of reddit, delivered once a week [PAR] email: [PAR] 2 [PAR] 3 [PAR] 2 [PAR] 3 [PAR] 2 [PAR] 3 [PAR] 2 [PAR] 3 [PAR] Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy (updated) . \u00a9 2017 reddit inc. All rights reserved. [PAR] REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc. [PAR] \u03c0 Rendered by PID 29942 on app-294 at 2017-01-19 23:14:11.467264+00:00 running dc009a3 country code: US.[DOC] [TLE] Plant science - definition of Plant science by The Free ... Plant science - definition of Plant science by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Plant science - definition of Plant science by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Plant+science [PAR] Related to Plant science: Plant physiology , Plant biology [PAR] bot\u00b7a\u00b7ny [PAR] n. pl. bot\u00b7a\u00b7nies [PAR] 1. [PAR] a. The science or study of plants. [PAR] b. A book or scholarly work on this subject. [PAR] 2. The plant life of a particular area: the botany of the Ohio River valley. [PAR] 3. The characteristic features and biology of a particular kind of plant or plant group. [PAR] [Back-formation from earlier botanic, botanical, from Late Latin botanicus; see botanical.] [PAR] botany [PAR] 1. (Botany) the study of plants, including their classification, structure, physiology, ecology, and economic importance [PAR] 2. (Botany) the plant life of a particular region or time [PAR] 3. (Botany) the biological characteristics of a particular group of plants [PAR] [C17: from botanical; compare astronomy, astronomical] [PAR] \u02c8botanist n [PAR] 1. the science of plants; the branch of biology that deals with plant life. [PAR] 2. the plant life of a region. [PAR] 3. the biological characteristics of a plant or plant group. [PAR] [1690\u20131700] [PAR] 1. The scientific study of plants, including their growth, structure, and diseases. [PAR] 2. The plant life of a particular area: the botany of the American southwest. [PAR] Botany [PAR] 1. the branch of botany that studies fungi. [PAR] 2. a catalogue of the fungi found in a specific area. \u2014 mycologist, n. \u2014 mycologie, mycological, adj. [PAR] 1. the branch of botany that studies the cultivation of fruit. [PAR] 2. the science of growing, storing, and processing fruit. \u2014 pomologist, n. [PAR] a branch of mycology that studies rusts. \u2014 uredinologist, n. [PAR] botany [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] botany - all the plant life in a particular region or period; \"Pleistocene vegetation\"; \"the flora of southern California\"; \"the botany of China\" [PAR] plant life , flora , plant - (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion [PAR] aggregation , collection , accumulation , assemblage - several things grouped together or considered as a whole [PAR] biota , biology - all the plant and animal life of a particular region [PAR] browse - vegetation (such as young shoots, twigs, and leaves) that is suitable for animals to eat; \"a deer needs to eat twenty pounds of browse every day\" [PAR] brush , coppice , copse , thicket , brushwood - a dense growth of bushes [PAR] growth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and ... Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and their descendants? [PAR] Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and their descendants? [PAR] [PAR] Subscribe to our Question of the Week : [PAR] Question: \"Who were the sons of Noah, and what happened to them and their descendants?\" [PAR] Answer: Noah had three sons born to him, Shem, Ham, and Japheth , before God sent a flood to destroy the world (Genesis 5:32). Whenever the names of Noah\u2019s three sons are recorded, Shem is always mentioned first (e.g., Genesis 9:18; 10:2, 21), even though Shem was the second-born (the Bible often lists people according to prominence rather than age). Japheth was the oldest (Genesis 10:21), and Ham was the youngest (Genesis 9:24). [PAR] Japheth was born when Noah was 500 years old, and the flood came 100 years later (Genesis 7:6\u20137). Since Shem was 100 two years after the flood (Genesis 11:10), he must have been born when Noah was 502 years old. There is no record of when Ham was born other than the fact that he was born sometime after Shem (Genesis 9:24). [PAR] \u201cShem was the ancestor of all the sons of Eber\u201d (Genesis 10:21), and this is important because the word Eber is the origin of the Hebrew word for \u201cHebrew.\u201d The word Shem means \u201cname,\u201d which implies that Noah expected this son\u2019s name to become great. He was right\u2014the modern words Semitic and Semite are derived from Shem\u2019s name. The Bible records that Shem had five sons: Elam, Ashur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram (Genesis 10:22). Shem lived to be 600 years of age (Genesis 11:10\u201311) and became the ancestor of the Semitic peoples (Genesis 10:1, 21\u201331). Abraham, a descendant of Shem, is the first person in the Bible who is referred to as a \u201cHebrew\u201d (Genesis 14:13). [PAR] Noah blessed Shem above his brothers (Genesis 9:26\u201327), and it was through Shem that the promised seed destined to crush Satan came (Genesis 3:15). That seed is traced back to Adam\u2019s son Seth (Genesis 5:1\u201332), through Shem, and on to Abraham, Judah, and David, leading all the way to Christ (Luke 3:36). [PAR] Shem\u2019s son Elam was the father of the Elamites, who later settled east of Mesopotamia. Shem\u2019s son Ashur, whose name is related to the word Assyria, is most likely is the father of those who settled the ancient region of Assyria (Genesis 2:14). Arphaxad is thought by many scholars to be a compound form of the Hebrew word for \u201cChaldea,\u201d which was a region in southern Mesopotamia (Genesis 11:10\u201313). It was through Arphaxad that Eber came. Scholars believe that the descendants of Shem\u2019s son Lud became known as the Lydians of Asia Minor. And Aram is identified by Bible scholars with the area northeast of the Promised Land, known today as Syria (cf. 2 Kings 16:6). The sons of Aram are listed in Genesis 10:23. Of Aram\u2019s sons, Uz is later referred to in the book of Job (Job 1:1). [PAR] Noah\u2019s firstborn son, Japheth, is listed as the father of Gomer, Magog , Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras (Genesis 10:2). Their descendants became the people who lived to the north and west of Israel and, after Babel, spoke what today are classified as Indo-European languages. [PAR] In blessing his son Japheth, Noah said, \u201cMay God extend Japheth\u2019s territory; / may Japheth live in the tents of Shem, / and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth\u201d (Genesis 9:27). There are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vintage Caraway Cake {anyone for tea?} | Foods of Our Lives Vintage Caraway Cake {anyone for tea?} | Foods of Our Lives [PAR] Foods of Our Lives [PAR] Share [PAR] Vintage Caraway Seed Cake {anyone for tea?} [PAR] This is a cake I saw in my vintage cake book that I am baking my way through and just had to make. It just sounded so completely different and I really didn\u2019t know what to expect. [PAR] I did read up on Caraway Seed and found that it has a slight anise flavor to it, but I didn\u2019t read up on the origins of the cake until after I had made it and tried it. [PAR] It took me a couple bites of the cake to figure out what I thought about it. I liked it, but it was kind of strange. But I thought to myself, it must be a tea cake. It just tastes like something you would have at tea. [PAR] That\u2019s why I looked up the history of the seed cake. [PAR] According to Wikipedia, it was a popular cake in Great Britain to make after the harvest of the spring wheat. Caraway seeds were so popular that they were used in about 14 different recipes and were also popular in Ireland and Wales. [PAR] Of course having already made the cake, I found out it is traditionally made in a loaf pan. I had made it in a square 8\u00d78 pan\u2026.whoops. [PAR] I also added the whipped cream on a whim because I thought it tasted good \u2013 don\u2019t all cakes taste good with whipped cream? But it\u2019s not really supposed to have whipped cream on it. Ha! Oh well\u2026.I liked it that way. [PAR] This was an easy cake to make and I thoroughly enjoyed it and did end up having a slice with a bit of tea and it was very tasty. [PAR] Vintage Caraway Seed Cake {anyone for tea?}"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the temperature at which Fahrenheit and Celsius ... What is the temperature at which Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometer readings are equal? [PAR] What is the temperature at which Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometer readings are equal? [PAR] Asked by: Hamid A. Khan [PAR] Answer [PAR] The temperature at which Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometer readings are equal is: - 40 degrees. [PAR] Well if you look at the conversion formulas for Celsius to Fahrenheit, or that of Fahrenheit to Celsius, you can manipulate it mathematically to answer this question. [PAR] The conversion formula reads: [PAR] T(F) = T(C) x 9/5 + 32 [PAR] this means that the temperature of Fahrenheit equals the temperature of Celsius multiplied by nine / fifths, plus 32 degrees. [PAR] If the temperatures are the same then the two 'T's' in the formula should represent the same temperature. [PAR] So, [PAR] t = t x 9/5 + 32 [PAR] minus the nine fifths of t from each side to move it to the left of the equation. this leaves: [PAR] t - 9t/5 = 32 ------> this leaves: - 4t/5 = 32 [PAR] so then you multiply each side by - 5/4 to solve for t, and you get t = - 40 degrees! [PAR] (by the way, 't' times,(x), nine/fifths equals 9t/5) [PAR] Answered by: Dominic Jones, D.B., High School Student [PAR] Science Quote [PAR] 'Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. '[DOC] [TLE] FAQ: At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit the same? FAQ: At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit the same? [PAR] At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit the same? [PAR] The formulas for converting between degree Celsius and degree Fahrenheit are: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC * 9/5) + 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF - 32) * 5/9 [PAR] To find the temperature when both are equal, we use an old algebra trick and just set \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC and solve one of the equations. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC * 9/5) + 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC - (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC * 9/5) = 32 [PAR] -4/5 * \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = -32 * 5/4 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC = -40 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF * 9/5) + 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF - (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF * 9/5) = 32 [PAR] -4/5 * \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = 32 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = -32 * 5/4 [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdF = -40 [PAR] So the temperature when both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are the same is -40 degrees."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greece National Anthem GreeK & English lyrics - YouTube Greece National Anthem GreeK & English lyrics - YouTube [PAR] Greece National Anthem GreeK & English lyrics [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 11, 2010 [PAR] The Hymn to Liberty (Greek: \u1f5d\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f18\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd, \u00ddmnos is t\u012bn Eleftherian) is a poem written by Dion\u00fdsios Solom\u00f3s in 1823 that consists of 158 stanzas and is the longest Hymn in the world, set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros. In 1865, the first two stanzas officially became the national anthem of Greece and later also that of the Republic of Cyprus. According to the Constitution of the Quintuplet of Cyprus, the Greek national anthem is used in the presence of the Greek Cypriot president (or other Greek Cypriot), and the Turkish national anthem is used in the presence of the Turkish Cypriot vice-president. Cyprus stopped using the Turkish national anthem, however, when Turkish Cypriots broke away from the Government in 1963. Hymn to Liberty was also the Greek Royal Anthem (since 1864). [PAR] The hymn was set to music in 1865 by the Corfiot operatic composer Nikolaos Mantzaros, who composed two choral versions, a long one for the whole poem and a short one for the first two stanzas; the latter is the one adopted as the National Anthem of Greece. [PAR] English Translation: I know it's you from the edge of the sword, the terrible one I recognize you from the look which with hardness surveys the land drawn from the bones of the Greeks, the sacred ones and, valiant as first hail, o hail, Liberty! [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Doors - Break on Through (to the other side) - YouTube The Doors - Break on Through (to the other side) - YouTube [PAR] The Doors - Break on Through (to the other side) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 25, 2013 [PAR] Oliver Stone's homage to 1960s rock group The Doors also doubles as a biography of the group's late singer, the \"Electric Poet\" Jim Morrison. The movie follows Morrison from his days as a film student in Los Angeles to his death in Paris in 1971, at the age of 27. The movie features a tour-de-force performance by Val Kilmer, who not only looks like Jim Morrison's long-lost twin brother, but also sounds so much like him that he did much of his own singing. It has been written that even the surviving Doors had trouble distinguishing Kilmer's vocals from Morrison's originals. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Islands Form--Earth Science lesson plan (grades 6-8 ... How Islands Form--Earth Science lesson plan (grades 6-8)--DiscoverySchool.com [PAR] Use a globe or a map of the world to point out to students that [PAR] most of Earth is covered by water; [PAR] Australia is the smallest island continent in the world; [PAR] Greenland is the world\u0092s largest island; [PAR] Great Britain, Japan, and Australia are island nations; and [PAR] Hawaii is an island state of the United States. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Now refer to relief maps, a globe, or a world map to show students that the surface of Earth has peaks and valleys and plateaus, some covered by water and others above water. [PAR] 3. [PAR] Next, distribute copies of the Background Sheet: Three Ways to Make an Island and review with students the three major ways that islands form. Refer students to the diagrams on the activity sheet. [PAR] 4. [PAR] Point out the polar ice caps on a map of the world or a globe. Explain that during the last ice age the ice caps were larger. More of Earth\u0092s water was frozen at the poles, and the oceans were shallower. Explain that sea levels rose dramatically at the end of the Ice Age as Earth warmed and the polar ice caps began to melt. When the ice melted, about 10,000 years ago, some bodies of land that had been connected to continents were cut off from the mainland and became islands. This is how the islands of New Zealand became isolated from the mainland of Australia. [PAR] 5. [PAR] Stack books on a desk to represent a mainland, a land bridge, and a body of land connected to the mainland, and have students refer to their activity sheets again. Explain that as sea levels rise, water submerges the land bridge, creating islands out of landmasses that were once connected. [PAR] 6. [PAR] Islands may also be formed by hardworking, coral-building sea organisms. Explain that among the creatures living in the seas are tiny animals called polyps. Polyps are related to jellyfish, but they live in colonies, and they protect their soft bodies by building limestone walls around them. As these colonies grow, they form reefs. Eventually, these reefs can cover hundreds of square miles. The polyps don\u0092t build their reefs above the surface of the water, but if the sea level drops or the land below the reef rises, the reef may emerge from the water. Then water-borne sand and wind-borne dust will accumulate on the reef and form an island. The Florida Keys are one example of coral reef islands. [PAR] 7. [PAR] Another way islands can form is through volcanism. Explain that volcanoes can erupt underwater as well as on land. With each eruption, lava flows build up. Over time, the volcano can grow above the surface of the sea, forming a volcanic island, such as those that make up Hawaii. [PAR] 8. [PAR] Explain that the way an island forms affects the range of species of plants and animals living on it. If the island is cut off from the mainland by rising sea level, then mainland species are likely to be living on it from the start. If the island forms as a volcano or as a coral reef, there may be no plants or animals living on it to begin with, and any species that does get established there has to have come from somewhere else. Animals can reach an island by traveling on floating objects in the ocean, such as trees, floating logs, or reeds. Plants and birds"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Port of Spain | national capital, Trinidad and Tobago ... Port of Spain | national capital, Trinidad and Tobago | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, Trinidad and Tobago [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Chicago [PAR] Port of Spain, also spelled Port-of-Spain , capital city and chief port of Trinidad and Tobago , southeastern West Indies . It is on the west coast of the island of Trinidad, below the northern peninsula on the Gulf of Paria , which separates the island from the northeastern coast of Venezuela . [PAR] President\u2019s House, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. [PAR] Altrendo Images/Getty Images [PAR] The city is laid out in geometric patterns with parks and squares; on the hills behind Port of Spain are residential suburbs. At the centre of the city is the business district, near the Gothic-style Holy Trinity Cathedral and the Queen\u2019s Park Savannah\u2014the city\u2019s largest open space and a popular site for recreation. From that area radiate many of the most important streets, and around it are several buildings of historical and architectural interest, including the President\u2019s House, which stands in the grounds of the Botanical Gardens; Whitehall, which houses the office of the prime minister; the house of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Port of Spain; the Knowsley Building, which accommodates some government ministries; All Saints\u2019 Church (Anglican); and the neo-Renaissance Red House, rebuilt in 1906, which contains the Parliament and government offices. There are also Muslim and Hindu houses of worship in the city. Among the educational institutions are three well-established secondary schools: Queen\u2019s Royal College, Fatima College, and St. Mary\u2019s College. One of the campuses of the University of the West Indies is situated at St. Augustine , about 10 miles (16 km) east of the city. [PAR] Port of Spain is not dependent on tourism, as are many Caribbean islands, but has a diversified industrial base, including the production of rum, beer, margarine and oils, cigarettes, plastics, and building materials. There are sawmills, textile mills, and citrus canneries. Angostura aromatic bitters, a popular ingredient in cocktails, is produced only in Port of Spain, its formula a closely guarded secret. Technical institutes train workers for various industries. Port of Spain is linked by good roads with other parts of Trinidad. The port has a key position on world shipping routes and is a centre of trade within the West Indies. At Piarco, about 15 miles (25 km) east of the city, is the country\u2019s chief airport. Pop. (2000) 49,031; (2011) 37,074. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in Trinidad and Tobago"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AuthorHouse | Why Use a Pen Name? AuthorHouse | Why Use a Pen Name? [PAR] Legal Resources [PAR] What\u2019s in a Pen Name? [PAR] Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, John Swithen, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, and Mary Westmacott. Two of these are the pen names of famous authors known better by their real names, and the other two are writers more widely recognized by their pseudonyms. If we list them like this: Lewis Carroll, Stephen King, Mark Twain, and Agatha Christie\u2014it suddenly makes perfect sense. [PAR] So why do writers use pen names, pseudonyms, nom de plumes, or aliases? And is this something that will help you in marketing you as your brand and as an author? Using a pen name as an author is exactly the same as an actor using a stage name. It is not a new concept and is a matter of personal choice. You should make sure, however, that the reasoning behind your decision to write under another name is sound and will not have the opposite effect on your work and damage your readers\u2019 perceptions. [PAR] Let\u2019s take a look at some of the reasons writers usually choose a pen name. We\u2019ll start with the wrong reasons so you can see if you\u2019re on the right track from the outset. [PAR] No Pen Name Required [PAR] Reasons NOT to adopt a pen name: [PAR] To appear more exotic [PAR] Don\u2019t try and use a pen name simply to impress your editors and readers. Your writing should be what warrants their appreciation. Once you have won them over with your writing craft, your name will become \u201cexotic\u201d by association. [PAR] If it Jeopardizes Your Professionalism [PAR] If you are trying to express your inner artist through your pen name, be careful who that person might be. You want to maintain an aura of professionalism. Names like Apollo Starfire or Divine Aphrodite run the danger of diminishing your credibility. [PAR] To Remain Anonymous [PAR] You should be willing to stand behind your writing, whether you are courting controversy or tackling the taboo. Do not fear the reactions of your readers, as this is the reason you shared your thoughts and opinions through your writing in the first place. [PAR] As a Shield [PAR] If you have written about someone you know or you fear your material may be slanderous, you are better off changing the identities of your characters, rather than your name, to avoid any legal consequences. Nobody needs to know who you are really writing about. [PAR] For Permission [PAR] Restrictions on writing due to gender, race, ethnicity or culture should no longer be a problem. This is especially true with the advent of self-publishing. [PAR] Suit Up that Pseudonym [PAR] So now you know the reasons why you shouldn\u2019t adopt a pen name, here are the some of the situations where a nom de plume might be just the right touch to add a certain je ne sais quoi. [PAR] To Maintain Professionalism [PAR] Just as your pen name can have a negative impact on your professionalism, it can also help preserve it. A university professor\u2019s scholarly reputation could well be tarnished if he were discovered to have written a number of pulp fiction novels. People have unfounded preconceptions and prejudices about who should be writing what, so a pen name may be helpful to separate your literary ambitions from your career. [PAR] To Cross Genres [PAR] If you have already written in one genre and want to take on the challenge of another, you may want to think about doing so as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beatrix Potter: The Tale of Peter Rabbit - Victoria and ... Beatrix Potter: The Tale of Peter Rabbit [PAR] Beatrix Potter, \u2018Study of Peter Rabbit\u2019, \u00a9 Frederick Warne & Co., 2006 [PAR] An affectionate companion [PAR] The 'real' Peter Rabbit was a Belgian buck rabbit called Peter Piper that was, as wrote Potter later, 'bought at a very tender age, in the Uxbridge Road, Shepherd's Bush, for the exorbitant sum of 4/6'. He was to prove a sound investment. This 'affectionate companion' lent his first name to one of the world's best-loved fictional characters and earned Beatrix Potter enduring international acclaim for the series of 'little books' that bear his name. [PAR] Peter Piper was the second rabbit that Potter acquired in the 1890s (the first was called Benjamin, himself to become the subject of a story in The Tale of Benjamin Bunny), and a much-loved member of the menagerie that kept her amused in what was a rather lonely childhood. Potter wrote later in a letter to a child that: [PAR] 'Peter used to lie before the fire on the heart rug like a cat. He was clever at learning tricks, he used to jump through a hoop, and ring a bell, and play the tambourine.' [PAR] Potter spent a lot of time studying and drawing Peter Piper. He was rather fat, 'good at tricks' and 'very naughty' - the perfect model for a story about a mischievous and greedy little rabbit. Potter first composed her story of Peter Rabbit in 1893 in the form of a picture-letter to Noel Moore, the five-year-old son of her friend and former governess, Annie Moore. He was recovering from a bout of scarlet fever. Potter begins: [PAR] 'I don't know what to write to you, so I shall tell you story about four little rabbits, whose names were Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail, and Peter'. [PAR] Original illustration for 'The Tale of Peter Rabbit\u2019, Beatrix Potter. \u00a9 Frederick Warne & Co. 2006 [PAR] A book for little rabbits [PAR] In the following years Beatrix sent other picture letters to Noel and to his brother and sisters, including stories about an 'excessively impertinent' squirrel called Nutkin and a disconsolate frog called Mr. Jeremy Fisher. In 1900 Annie suggested to Beatrix that her picture letters might contain material for several picture books. Fortunately the children had kept their letters safe and Beatrix was able to borrow them to copy and rework her text and illustrations. Noel's story of Peter Rabbit was to become Beatrix's first book. [PAR] In 1900 Beatrix borrowed Noel's letter \u2013 she wanted to rework the original pictures and story and try and sell the idea to a publisher. Her intention was that the book would be small-format, so it could be held easily by children's hands, and that it would feature a black-and-white illustration on each page, to keep the interest of the youngest readers. Six publishers, including Frederick Warne, rejected the story \u2013 they wanted something in a larger, more expensive format, and colour illustrations. But Potter remained resolute, deciding that since 'little rabbits cannot afford to spend 6 shillings on one book' she would publish the book herself, at a sale price of 1s 2d. [PAR] On 16th December 1901, Strangeways & Sons printed 250 copies, each with a colour frontispiece printed by Hentschel of Fleet Street. The first edition's immediate success prompted Potter to order a reprint of a further 200 copies only a few months later, in February 1902. One copy of Beatrix's privately printed edition contains the following inscription: [PAR] 'In affectionate remembrance of poor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How do anemometers measure wind speed? - Explain that Stuff How do anemometers measure wind speed? - Explain that Stuff [PAR] Tweet [PAR] by Chris Woodford . Last updated: April 4, 2016. [PAR] When you hear weather forecasters warning of how fast the wind is going to blow, do you ever stop to think how they're going to measure it? Wind isn't something you can see very easily, so you can hardly time it with a stopwatch like you'd measure the speed of an Olympic sprinter or a race car! Fortunately, scientists are amazingly inventive people and they've come up with some pretty clever ways of measuring wind speed with gadgets called anemometers. Let's take a closer look at how they work! [PAR] Photo: Measuring wind speed with a three-cup, handheld anemometer. The square plate at the back is a vane that aligns itself with the wind so you can measure wind direction too. This model, used by the US Navy, is an Ames RVM 96 B capable of measuring wind speeds up to about 50 m/s (180 km/h or 112 mph). Photo by Maebel Tinoko courtesy of US Navy . [PAR] Thinking about anemometers [PAR] Some people think wind turbines are unsafe because gales and storms could make them spin dangerously fast. That's not actually true: all large wind turbines are fitted with brakes that stop them rotating if the wind blows too hard (and they have built-in anemometers to measure the speed as well). But it's certainly true that wind turbines turn faster\u2014and generate more electricity \u2014the harder the wind is blowing. There you have a clue to how a basic anemometer could work. [PAR] Suppose you build yourself a miniature, table-top wind turbine and connect it to an electricity generator (effectively an electric motor wired up backwards so it makes an electric current when you spin its central axle around). The faster the rotor blades turn, the quicker the generator spins, and the higher the electric current it will produce. So if you measure the current, you have a basic way of measuring the wind speed. You have to calibrate an instrument like this before you use it, of course. In other words, you'd need to know how much current is generated by a few winds of known speed. That would help you figure out the mathematical relationship between wind speed and electric current so you could figure out the speed of an unknown wind simply by measuring the current. [PAR] Mechanical anemometers [PAR] Photo: A handheld digital anemometer from La Crosse Technology. The fan at the top generates magnetic impulses, which electronic circuits inside convert into a precise wind speed. The display also indicates how strong the wind is on the Beaufort scale . [PAR] Some of the simplest anemometers work in exactly this way. They're little more than an electricity generator mounted in a sealed-up metal cylinder with an axle protruding upward from it. On top of the axle, there are several large cups that catch the wind and make the generator spin around. Propeller anemometers work in much the same way. Like miniature wind turbines, they use small propellers to power their generators instead of spinning cups. Some anemometers have what looks like a small fan in place of the cups or propeller. As the wind blows, it spins the fan blades and a tiny generator to which they're attached, which works a bit like a bicycle dynamo. The generator is connected to an electronic circuit that gives an instant readout of the wind speed on a digital display. [PAR] Some cup-style"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck - InnerBody Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck [PAR] Home > Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck [PAR] Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck [PAR] The cardiovascular system of the head and neck includes the vital arteries that provide oxygenated blood to the brain and organs of the head, including the mouth and eyes. It also includes the veins that return deoxygenated blood from these organs to the heart. Among these blood vessels are several unique and important structures that have evolved to help maintain the continuous flow of blood to the brain. The human brain is so powerful and metabolically active that it uses about 20% of all of the oxygen and glucose taken in by the body each day.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Change View Angle [PAR] Full Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . Any interruption in the blood flow to the brain very quickly results in the decline of mental function, loss of consciousness, and eventually death if not corrected. [PAR] Oxygenated blood enters the neck from the trunk through four major arteries: the left and right vertebral arteries and the left and right common carotid arteries. The vertebral arteries travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the skull at the foramen magnum and joining at the base of the brain to form the basilar artery. From there the basilar artery provides blood to the posterior structures of the brain, including the brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebrum. [PAR] The left and right carotid arteries each divide in the neck to form the left and right internal carotid as well as the left and right external carotid arteries. The internal carotid arteries pass into the skull inferior to the brain through the left and right carotid foramina. At the base of the brain, the internal carotid arteries branch off into the left and right anterior cerebral arteries and the left and right middle cerebral arteries that supply blood to the middle and anterior regions of the brain. [PAR] At the base of the brain several communicating arteries form anastomoses, or passages, between the left and right posterior cerebral, left and right internal carotid, and left and right anterior cerebral arteries. These arteries collectively form a ring of blood vessels known as the Circle of Willis. The Circle of Willis provides insurance that the brain will continue to receive blood flow in the event that one of its major arteries is blocked by allowing blood flow between all of the major arteries to all of the regions of the brain. [PAR] In the neck and head exterior to the skull, the external carotid artery provides blood flow to the skin, muscles, and organs. Several major arteries - including the facial, superficial temporal, and occipital arteries - branch off from the external carotid to provide blood to the many superficial structures of the head. [PAR] Three pairs of major veins return deoxygenated blood from the tissues of the head and neck to the heart. The left and right vertebral veins descend through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae to drain blood from the spinal cord, cervical vertebrae, and muscles of the neck. In the head, superficial structures on the exterior of the skull are drained"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] H. G. Wells \u2013 \u201cThe Invisible Man\u201d (1897) \u2013 Bookstacks H. G. Wells \u2013 \u201cThe Invisible Man\u201d (1897) | Bookstacks [PAR] H. G. Wells \u2013 \u201cThe Invisible Man\u201d (1897) [PAR] Posted on September 12, 2015 by Ian [PAR] The Invisible Man is a science fiction novella by H. G. Wells. Originally serialized in Pearson\u2019s Weekly in 1897, it was published as a novel the same year. The Invisible Man of the title is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body\u2019s refractive index to that of air so that it absorbs and reflects no light and thus becomes invisible. He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it. (Wikipedia) [PAR] \u201cHe had been given a prescription, most valuable prescription\u2014what for he wouldn\u2019t say. Was it medical? \u2018Damn you! What are you fishing after?\u2019 I apologised. Dignified sniff and cough. He resumed. He\u2019d read it. Five ingredients. Put it down; turned his head. Draught of air from window lifted the paper. Swish, rustle. He was working in a room with an open fireplace, he said. Saw a flicker, and there was the prescription burning and lifting chimneyward. Rushed towards it just as it whisked up the chimney. So! Just at that point, to illustrate his story, out came his arm.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWell?\u201d [PAR] \u201cNo hand\u2014just an empty sleeve. Lord! I thought, that\u2019s a deformity! Got a cork arm, I suppose, and has taken it off. Then, I thought, there\u2019s something odd in that. What the devil keeps that sleeve up and open, if there\u2019s nothing in it? There was nothing in it, I tell you. Nothing down it, right down to the joint. I could see right down it to the elbow, and there was a glimmer of light shining through a tear of the cloth. \u2018Good God!\u2019 I said. Then he stopped. Stared at me with those black goggles of his, and then at his sleeve.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWell?\u201d [PAR] \u201cThat\u2019s all. He never said a word; just glared, and put his sleeve back in his pocket quickly.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914) - HistoryGuy.com Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914) [PAR] Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914) [PAR] Archduke Franz Ferdinand [PAR] Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo, July, 1914 [PAR] Archduke Franz Ferdinand (December 18, 1863- June 28, 1914), the heir to the throne of the Empire of Austria-Hungary, was the man whose death began the cycle of events leading to the First World War . He and his wife Sophie, were on a tour of the restless province of Bosnia-Herzegovina in July, 1914. Bosnia was a region comprised of several ethnic groups, including Serbs who sougth to separate from the Austrian Empire and join with the Kingdom of Serbia. While driving through the heart of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capitol, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were assassinated by a Serbian student named Gavrilo Princip, who worked with the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand. [PAR] The death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was the nephew of the Austrian Emperor, set in motion a series of threats, and declarations of war that led to many European nations taking sides in two powerful alliances and engaging in what became known as The First World War. [PAR] Gavrilo Princip [PAR] Gavrilo Princip, Franz Ferdinand\u2019s assassin, arrested by the police"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Phobia List The Phobia List [PAR] Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. [PAR] Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. [PAR] Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. [PAR] Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. [PAR] Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) [PAR] Androphobia- Fear of men. [PAR] Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) [PAR] Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. [PAR] Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. [PAR] Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. [PAR] Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. [PAR] Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. [PAR] Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. [PAR] Antlophobia- Fear of floods. [PAR] Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. [PAR] Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. [PAR] Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) [PAR] Apiphobia- Fear of bees. [PAR] Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. [PAR] Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. [PAR] Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. [PAR] Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. [PAR] Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty. [PAR] Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. [PAR] Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer. [PAR] Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart. [PAR] Carnophobia- Fear of meat. [PAR] Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed. [PAR] Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places. [PAR] Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting. [PAR] Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas. [PAR] Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) [PAR] Chaetophobia- Fear of hair. [PAR] Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia) [PAR] Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals. [PAR] Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety. [PAR] Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Chirophobia- Fear of hands. [PAR] Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera. [PAR] Chorophobia- Fear of dancing. [PAR] Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money. [PAR] Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors. [PAR] Chronophobia- Fear of time. [PAR] Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia) [PAR] Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces. [PAR] Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place. [PAR] Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing. [PAR] Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs. [PAR] Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed. [PAR] Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed. [PAR] Cnidophobia- Fear of stings. [PAR] Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions. [PAR] Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements. [PAR] Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations. [PAR] Dementophobia- Fear of insanity. [PAR] Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons. [PAR] Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia) [PAR] Dendrophobia- Fear of trees. [PAR] Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions. [PAR] Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease. [PAR] Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body. [PAR] Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes. [PAR] Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. [PAR] Dikephobia- Fear of justice. [PAR] Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools. [PAR] Diplophobia- Fear of double vision. [PAR] Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking. [PAR] Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone. [PAR] Disposophobia- Fear of throwing stuff out. Hoarding. [PAR] Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia) [PAR] Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals. [PAR] Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise. [PAR] Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets. [PAR] Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch. [PAR] Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity. [PAR] Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things. [PAR] Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. [PAR] Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed. [PAR] Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure. [PAR] Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. [PAR] Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology. [PAR] Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms. [PAR] Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Send Away The Tigers - Microsoft Store Send Away The Tigers - Microsoft Store [PAR] Send Away The Tigers [PAR] 2007 \u2022 11 songs \u2022 Rock \u2022 Indie / Alternative \u2022 Columbia [PAR] Like many long-term relationships, Manic Street Preachers benefited from some time apart, as their seventh album, Send Away the Tigers, makes plain. Arriving on the heels of 2006 solo albums from both singer/guitarist James Dean Bradfield and lyricist/bassist Nicky Wire , Send Away the Tigers finds the group recharged and revitalized, achieving the widescreen grandeur of Everything Must Go but infusing it with a harder rock edge that may not be as furious as their earliest work, but is no less committed. This surging sense of purpose was conspicuously absent on the Manics ' previous albums, which grew increasingly mannered in their attempts at majestic pop, culminating in the pleasant but too soft Lifeblood. It's hard to call Tigers soft -- it thunders even in its quietest moments, and when strings or keyboards are brought in, they're drowned out by guitars. This doesn't sound like a desperate measure; it sounds like recommitment on the part of the Manics , especially since they haven't abandoned the melodic skills they've honed over the past decade. They've merely melded them to muscular yet mature rock & roll. It's that commitment to hard rock that makes Send Away the Tigers bracing upon its initial listen, but what makes it lasting is the songs, which may lack anthems on the level of \"A Design for Life,\" but they're something better: they're small-scale epics, roiling with drama and coiled with tension, flirting with being overblown but kept grounded by the group's reclaimed righteousness and newfound sense of control. That leanness applies to the album overall as well -- where every Manics record since Everything Must Go grew increasingly over-stuffed, this has no flab, and its ten songs have a relentless momentum. It's still pretty bombastic -- the Manics were never about subtlety -- but the sweeping gestures are delivered with a sense of efficiency that makes Send Away the Tigers never seem heavy-handed, which is something that even their best albums often are. So, this isn't merely a return to form, then -- it's also a welcome progression from a band that only a couple of albums back seemed stuck in a rut with no way out. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine[DOC] [TLE] Send Away the Tigers - Manic Street Preachers | Songs ... Send Away the Tigers - Manic Street Preachers | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Manic Street Preachers [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine [PAR] Like many long-term relationships, Manic Street Preachers benefited from some time apart, as their seventh album, Send Away the Tigers , makes plain. Arriving on the heels of 2006 solo albums from both singer/guitarist James Dean Bradfield and lyricist/bassist Nicky Wire , Send Away the Tigers finds the group recharged and revitalized, achieving the widescreen grandeur of Everything Must Go but infusing it with a harder rock edge that may not be as furious as their earliest work, but is no less committed. This surging sense of purpose was conspicuously absent on the Manics ' previous albums, which grew increasingly mannered in their attempts at majestic pop, culminating in the pleasant but too soft Lifeblood . It's hard to call Tigers soft -- it thunders even in its quietest moments, and when strings or keyboards are brought in, they're drowned out by guitars. This doesn't sound like a desperate measure; it sounds like recommitment on the part of the Manics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon Bird List Alphabetical - Amazon Nature Tours Amazon Bird List Alphabetical [PAR] Amazon Creature List of Common Names [PAR] Birds, Mammals and Reptiles Sorted Alphabetically [PAR] This very long alphabetical list of creatures is helpful for making checklists. But a list sorted by genus is more helpful for researching species. See our Bird List sorted by scientific name . [PAR] The following list is an actual list created by Amazon Nature Tours on one of our tours. Please note that this is not an exhaustive list of creatures found in the Amazon, but rather a record of the creatures we observed. The trip took place in the State of Amazonas, Brasil with some species observed also in the States of Para and Matto Grosso do Sul. Appended to the bird list are brief Mammal and Reptile lists. [PAR] Bird List[DOC] [TLE] 11 Incredible Images of Woodpeckers - Scribol.com 11 Incredible Images of Woodpeckers [PAR] 11 Incredible Images of Woodpeckers [PAR] 11 Incredible Images of Woodpeckers [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Photo: wiki 1.PILEATED WOODPECKER [PAR] Woodpeckers are the tunneling superstars of the bird world. Lampooned as cartoon characters and often misrepresented, woodpeckers are hardworking, fascinating birds. [PAR] The most famous woodpecker is the Pileated Woodpecker (pictured above), better known as Woody. Usually seen hanging onto the side of a tree, many have a black back with white sides, while some have red heads or yellow chests. These bright areas are important in signaling. The dark areas of plumage are often iridescent. Although the sexes tend to look alike, the males of many species have more prominent head markings than the females. [PAR] 2. BUSY WOODPECKER [PAR] Photo: opera-nut [PAR] Members of the woodpecker family are found worldwide, apart from Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar and polar regions. Most live in woodland habitats, although a few species are known to live in treeless areas such as rocky hillsides and deserts. There are about 200 known varieties, many of which are threatened or endangered. Two species, the Ivory-billed and the Imperial, have been thought extinct for about 30 years. [PAR] 3. HISPANIOLA VARIETY [PAR] Photo: wiki [PAR] The smallest woodpecker is the Bar-breasted piculet at around 3.25 in. The largest was the Imperial at around 23 in. The Ivory-billed was slightly smaller at 20 in. If both varieties are really extinct, the largest now would be the Great Slaty of Southern Asia at around 20 in. In piculets, it is often the females that are larger, while amongst woodpeckers, the males are usually larger. [PAR] 4. BLACK WOODPECKER [PAR] Photo: merula [PAR] Almost every species nests in tree cavities, although in deserts, some species nest inside holes in cacti and a few species nest in holes dug into the earth. Woodpeckers and piculets will excavate their own nests, which are usually only lined with wood chips resulting from the making of the hole. Many kinds of woodpecker dig out one hole per breeding season, often trying many times before getting it right. It takes around a month to finish the job. [PAR] 5. LADDERBACK MALE [PAR] Photo: wiki [PAR] Abandoned holes are used by other birds and mammals, and because nesting holes are in great demand by other users too, woodpeckers face competition for the nesting sites they create from the moment the hole becomes usable. [PAR] The woodpeckers\u2019 diet consists mainly of insects, their grubs taken from living and dead trees, other arthropods and fruits, nuts and sap from live trees. Their role ecologically is thereby to keep trees healthy by keeping them from suffering mass infestations. [PAR] 6. ACORN WOODPECKER"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full Metal Jacket (1987) - IMDb Full Metal Jacket (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] Enter if you dare [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 11 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 02 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 03 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 11 Apr 2015 [PAR] Title: Full Metal Jacket (1987) [PAR] 8.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 7 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. [PAR] Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth [PAR] Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Zog I of Albania | History Today King Zog I of Albania | History Today [PAR] King Zog I of Albania [PAR] The Balkans Political [PAR] Richard Cavendish charts the events leading up to King Zog I's coronation on September 1st, 1928. [PAR] Zog I was probably the strangest monarch of the 20th century. The Times called him \u2018the bizarre King Zog\u2019 and his biographer, Jason Tomes, quotes descriptions of him ranging from \u2018a despotic brigand\u2019 to \u2018the last ruler of romance\u2019. He created his throne for himself and as Europe\u2019s only Muslim king ruled Europe\u2019s most obscure country. He had started life as Ahmed Bey Zogolli or Ahmed Zogu in 1895, the son of an Albanian chief, when the country was still part of the Ottoman empire. Order broke down during the First World War as other Balkan countries tried to seize areas of Albania. From 1920 there was a succession of short-lived governments, in which Zogu held various posts until he was driven into exile in 1924. He returned at the end of the year, crossing the northern border into Albania with Yugoslav backing and an army of mercenaries recruited with money supplied by international oil companies and rich Albanian familes. Another mercenary army, led by Zogu\u2019s lieutenants, invaded from the south. [PAR] Zogu swiftly established himself as Albania\u2019s dictator with the title of president. He had his principal opponents murdered and ruled by force \u2013 there was no other effective way of ruling Albania \u2013 but Zogu realized that he could only survive with support from abroad and decided to rely on the Italians. A military alliance was signed in 1927 and Italy soon dominated Albania. [PAR] In 1928, with Italian approval, Zogu, who genuinely wanted to modernise his Ruritanian country, decided to make his dictatorship permanent. A new Constituent Assembly, elected under strict government control, proclaimed Albania a monarchy under Zog I, King of the Albanians. The king made his way to the ceremony in Tirana in an open car with an escort of cavalry past lines of soldiers, but the streets were kept clear of spectators for fear of assassination. However, every house displayed the Albanian flag, with a black eagle rampant on a scarlet ground. The flags had been mass-imported from Italy on the cheap. In the Parliament House the monarch stood on a dais to deafening applause and swore an oath on both the Koran and the Bible to maintain the country\u2019s national unity, territorial integrity and independence. Loud cries of \u2018Long live the king!\u2019 accompanied him to his royal palace and six days of public holiday followed, with bonfires, firing of rockets and much slaughtering of sheep. [PAR] Handsome, courteous, reserved and ruthless, Zog was a chain-smoker who enjoyed western classical music and films starring Charlie Chaplin and Shirley Temple. Mussolini ousted him in 1939 and declared Albania an Italian protectorate. Zog went into exile, for part of the time comfortably installed in London\u2019s Ritz Hotel, and died in France in 1961 at the age of 65."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie Claire magazine tries to appeal to Trump \u2014 through ... A fashion magazine is taking a stand against Donald Trump \u2014 with a plea to Ivanka - The Washington Post [PAR] A fashion magazine is taking a stand against Donald Trump \u2014 with a plea to Ivanka [PAR] The inside track on Washington politics. [PAR] Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we\u2019ll e-mail you free updates as they\u2019re published. [PAR] You\u2019ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. [PAR] You\u2019re all set! [PAR] By Robin Givhan June 24 Follow @RobinGivhan [PAR] Ivanka Trump at her father\u2019s news conference at Turnberry Golf Course in Scotland Friday. (Carlo Allegri/Reuters) [PAR] It is not often that foreign publications wade into the thicket of an American presidential election and accuse a candidate of misogyny and hate speech. It is even rarer for a foreign fashion magazine to do so. But for its July issue, the editor-in-chief of the Mexican and Latin American edition of Marie Claire has climbed atop her glossy soap box with a cover story directed at Ivanka Trump \u2014 and, obliquely, her father, the presumptive Republican nominee. [PAR] In bold cover type, the magazine pleads: \u201cDear Ivanka: How long will you defend your father?\u201d And in a series of essays inside, its writers beg: Do something. Talk to him. Stop him. [PAR] Trump did not pose for the cover photograph. It is an artful collage that depicts her as a cross between a beauty queen and benevolent goddess with bare shoulders and glittering floral earrings. In the background, the Statue of Liberty peers over her shoulder, white stars explode against a blue sky and blush-colored peonies are in full bloom, nestled against her cheek. [PAR] Ivanka Trump on the cover of the Mexican and Latin American edition of Marie Claire [PAR] There is nothing about the cover that speaks of harsh rhetoric. And while almost all the letters appeal to her position of clout within the Trump empire, there are no visual hints of her as a business person. Indeed, there is just enough fabric visible along her torso to assure readers that she isn\u2019t actually naked. [PAR] But the letters inside are often filled with barely contained fury. [PAR] \u201cIt has never been my goal to attack, judge or question other women. Furthermore, when talking about polemic and controversial topics, generally I would rather stay neutral, with an objective point of view, and if I can\u2019t make that happen, at least to be moderate,\u201d writes editor Daniela Von Wobeser in her opening letter to readers. \u201cI\u2019d like to ask you, from the bottom of my heart, if supporting your dad\u2019s strategy is the best thing for you, as woman or the best for your country and, consequently, mine.\u201d [PAR] [Melania Trump: From professional pretty person to potential first lady] [PAR] \u201cDear Ivanka, do you think your father would be the leader America deserves? Do you think the values your dad promotes are the ones you want. . . your three children\u201d to inherit? Von Wobeser continues. \u201cI understand no one chooses their parents, but sooner or later we have to understand that being a father does not excludes you from human degradation and, therefore, it\u2019s [up to] us, their children, to [break] from them when [they] voluntarily choose that path, or. . . be doomed to live the same destiny.\u201d [PAR] President-elect Donald Trump's oldest daughter, Ivanka, was often by his side on the campaign trail and could play an influential role in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bridgeport, CT - Bridgeport, Connecticut Map & Directions ... Bridgeport, CT - Bridgeport, Connecticut Map & Directions - MapQuest [PAR] {{::location.tagLine.value.text}} [PAR] Sponsored Topics [PAR] Bridgeport is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Located in Fairfield County, the city had an estimated population of 144,229 at the 2010 United States Census and is the core of the Greater Bridgeport area. The city is part of the Greater New York City Combined Statistical Area and is the fifth largest city in New England. [PAR] Bridgeport is also the center of the 41st largest urban area in the United States, just behind Austin, Texas (40th). [PAR] The city is marked by its attachment to its famous resident, the circus-promoter and once mayor P.T. Barnum. Barnum built three houses in the city, and housed his circus in town during winters.[DOC] [TLE] Bridgeport :: Bridgeport CT :: City of Bridgeport ... Bridgeport :: Bridgeport CT :: City of Bridgeport :: Bridgeport, Connecticut :: 06601-02, 06604-08, 06650 :: [PAR] Town Hall: 45 Lyon Terrace, Bridgeport, 06604 [PAR] Main Phone: (203) 576-7081 (City Clerk) [PAR] Online: http://ci.bridgeport.ct.us/ [PAR] Geography & History [PAR] The City of Bridgeport in southwest Connecticut on Long Island Sound at the mouth of the Pequonnock River. Bridgeport was first settled in 1665. The town was incorporated in 1821 from Stratford and Fairfield; the city was chartered in 1836, and the two were immediately consolidated. Connecticut's largest city is, in many ways, a small town with a sense of community, neighborhood spirit, and traditional values. In recent years, Bridgeport CT has undergone a revitalization and is now home to the Bridgeport Bluefish , the University of Bridgeport and the headquarters of People's Bank. [PAR] Population & Demographics [PAR] Bridgeport, Connecticut covers an area of 16 square miles and in 2004 was home to more than 140,000 residents. The median age was 32 and the median household income was just over $37,000. The median housing cost was $159,700. [PAR] Parks & Recreation [PAR] The following are the top employers within Bridgeport, CT [PAR] \u0095 Bridgeport Hospital"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women at the Olympic Games - Topend Sports Women at the Olympic Games [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > History > Women [PAR] Women at the Olympic Games [PAR] It has been a long road to equality for women at the Olympic Games, and it is still continuing. [PAR] Participation in the Ancient Olympic Games was limited to male athletes only. The only way women were able to take part was to enter horses in the equestrian events. There are records of several winning women horse owners. As the owner of the horse teams, they were credited with the victory, though they were most likely not present at the events. [PAR] Even in the early years of the modern Olympics, women were not well represented (consequently a rival Women's Olympics was held). Women participated for the first time at the 1900 Paris Games with the inclusion of women's events in lawn tennis and golf. Women's athletics and gymnastics debuted at the 1928 Olympics. Over time more women's events were added. In 2012, women's boxing was introduced, resulting in no remaining sports that do not include events for women. [PAR] Equality in the available sports is one thing, but in many countries women do not have equal rights to participate in sports and the opportunity to participate in the Olympic Games. Prior to the 2012 Olympics in London, three Muslim countries have never before sent a female athlete: Qatar, Brunei, and Saudi Arabia. However, they all bowed to IOC pressure and sent female athletes to London. Now every national Olympic committee has sent women to the Olympic Games, a small step. [PAR] Milestones [PAR] At the first modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896 , no women competed, as de Coubertin felt that their inclusion would be \"impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic, and incorrect.\" [PAR] Women first competed at the 1900 Paris Games. Women were allowed to compete in lawn tennis and golf, though there were three French women competing in croquet and there was at least one woman sailor as part of mixed crews. It is commonly believed that first woman to win an Olympic event was England's Charlotte Cooper, who won the tennis singles title, however Swiss sailor H\u00e9l\u00e8ne de Pourtal\u00e8s won a gold medal as part of a team in sailing earlier than this. (see more firsts , and more on Pourtal\u00e8s ) [PAR] Here are the first women competitors in the Modern Olympic Games of 1900, in chronological order were [PAR] May 22 - Helen de Pourtales, Switzerland (Yachting) [PAR] May 31 - Elvira Guerra, France (Equestrian). There may have been another woman also competing in the equestrian events. [PAR] Jun 28 - Mme Ohnier, Madame Depres, and Mme Filleaul Brohy, France (Croquet) [PAR] July 11 - winner Charlotte Cooper, Great Britain (Tennis) plus other female competitors. [PAR] Oct 3 - winner Margaret Abbott, USA (Golf) plus other female competitors. [PAR] Women competed in swimming events for the first time in 1912, but none of them were from America, which did not allow its female athletes to compete in events without long skirts. The first women's swimming gold medal was won by the Australian Sarah 'Fanny' Durack, who won the 100m freestyle in 1912. [PAR] In 1928, women competed in track and field events for the first time; however, so many collapsed at the end of the 800-meter race that the event was banned until 1960. [PAR] Women's shooting events were first included in the Olympics in 1984. There were three events, three position rifle, air rifle and sport pistol. [PAR] In 1996, a women's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 87th Anniversary of the People's Liberation Army HOME | Home [PAR] Liu Jinqi, Lieutenant General Nyembe, Snr. Col. Xu Jianwei and Jiang Lei [PAR] [PAR] Snr. Col. Xu Jianwei pictured with Defense Attaches represented in South Africa [PAR] [PAR] Speech by Snr. Col. Xu Jianwei, the Military Navy & Air Attache of China on the occasion of the 87th anniversary of the People's Liberation Army [PAR] Distinguished Lieutenant General Nyembe, His Excellency Ambassador Tian Xuejun, Officers from SANDF, MAAC Colleagues\uff0cLadies and Gentlemen: [PAR] Today, we hold this function to celebrate the 87th anniversary of the foundation of Chinese People's Liberation Army, thank you for all your attendance. [PAR] The Chinese People's Liberation Army has come through the splendid 87 years since its foundation on August 1st 1927. During this 87 year's course, the PLA has made a historical progress and played a very important role on consolidating national defense and supporting national construction, which we are proud of and glory in. While, we also appreciate the help, support and cooperation from other armed forces. [PAR] The PLA pursues a national defense policy defensive in nature, places the protection of national sovereignty, security, territorial integrity, safeguarding of the interests of national development, and the interests of the Chinese people above all else, endeavors to build a fortified national defense and strong military forces compatible with national security and development interests, implements the military strategy of active defense, fosters a security environment conductive to china's peaceful development, advocate the settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues by peaceful means, opposes the enlargement of military alliances, and acts of aggression and expansion. China will never seek hegemony or engage in military expansion no matter how developed it becomes. [PAR] As well known, peace-keeping troops from PLA have been sent to African Continent under the request of the United Nations. Such as D.R.Congo, Mali, Sudan and Liberia. These troops, the representatives of PLA have overcome a lot of difficulty to make their own contributions to the peace of Africa. [PAR] South Africa is the most influential country in Africa. During recent years, the military relationship between China and South Africa developed rapidly. One month ago, the Escort Task Group of Chinese Navy made a successful visit to Cape Town. Three weeks ago, Chinese Defense Minister General Chang Wanquan made a formal visit to South Africa. Chinese PLA would like to further strengthen cooperation with SANDF, making much more contributions to the world peace. [PAR] Nowadays, the world is undergoing tremendous changes and adjustments. Peace and development remain the principal themes of the times, however global challenges are on the increase, and new security threats keep emerging. [PAR] The PLA will participate in international security cooperation actively, conducts military exchanges in various forms and promote the establishment of military confidence-building mechanisms and maintains the world peace together with others. [PAR] As conclusion, on behalf of Chinese People's Liberation Army, I express my appreciation on this opportunity to the South African Defense Ministry and SANDF for their various help and support. We hope from the bottom of our hearts that PLA could conduct further military cooperation with SANDF and other armed forces to contribute much more to the maintenance of the world peace. [PAR] Now, Ladies and Gentlemen, may I propose a toast to the friendly cooperation and our friendship. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] SPEECH BY CDI TO PLA 87TH ANNIVERSARY [PAR] THE HOUNARABLE AMBASSADOR OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE\u2019S REPUBLIC OF CHINA MR TIAN XUEJUN [PAR] THE MILITARY NAVY AND AIR ATTACHE OF CHINA SENIOR COLONEL XU JIANWEI [PAR] DEFENCE AND MILITARY ATTACHE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walk the Line (2005) - IMDb Walk the Line (2005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] | Biography , Drama , Music | 18 November 2005 (USA) [PAR] A chronicle of country music legend Johnny Cash 's life, from his early days on an Arkansas cotton farm to his rise to fame with Sun Records in Memphis, where he recorded alongside Elvis Presley , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Carl Perkins . [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 26 Nov 2010 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 30 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 10 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 18 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: Walk the Line (2005) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 44 wins & 43 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] While growing up in the Great Depression era, Johnny Cash takes an interest in music and eventually moves out of his Arkansas town to join the air force in Germany. While there, he buys his first guitar and writes his own music, and proposes to Vivian. When they got married, they settled in Tennessee and with a daughter, he supported the family by being a salesman. He discovers a man who can pursue his dreams and ends up getting a record with the boys. Shortly after that, he was on a short tour, promoting his songs, and meets the already famous and beautiful June Carter. Then as they get on the long-term tours with June, the boys, and Jerry Lee Lewis, they have this unspoken relationship that grows. But when June leaves the tour because of his behavior, he was a drug addict. His marriage was also falling apart, and when he sees June years later at an awards show, he forces June to tour with them again, promising June to support her two kids and herself. While the tour goes on, the ... Written by kayleigh"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dice - Mathematische Basteleien Dice [PAR] Dice [PAR] ... [PAR] ... [PAR] The dice have 21 points. The numbers 1 to 6 appear on the six sides of a cube. - [PAR] You throw the dice by hand or by a leather dice cup. You turn the cup upside down and you let the dice roll to a standstill. [PAR] It is by chance which number appears on top. This is the attraction of throwing the dice. [PAR] The dice are used in many board games. They often determine the playing. They give the game unexpected turns and add excitement to the games. [PAR] There are 30 Dice top [PAR] ... [PAR] ... [PAR] If you give the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 and form all permutations of the six numbers, you get 1*2*3*4*5*6=6!=720 cubes. Now there are also those dice among them, which are the same, because you can get them by turning around 13 axes. There are 24 turnings. [PAR] Hence you only have 720:24 =30 different cubes. [PAR] The following drawing illustrates this. (The numbers under the cubes give you the number of turnings.) [PAR] Appearance of the Standard Die top [PAR] The die has six sides for six numbers. If you try all possible ways to spread them out, you get 30 dice. - Every die has its reflection. You can find the possibilities if you reverse the numbers beside the 1. [PAR] ... [PAR] ... [PAR] You can mark every die by a number with six digits: Start with 1, go upwards, go around 1 counter clockwise and add the number that appears opposite the number 1 on the die. - The red die has 123546 for instance. The dice on the left are ordered by these numbers. [PAR] You find more about the number 30 at my web page Macmahons Coloured Cubes . [PAR] There is only the red die in the Western World. [PAR] ... [PAR] This die has two characteristics: [PAR] >The sides opposite each other always add to 7. [PAR] >If you look at the corner with the numbers 1, 2, and 3 they are arranged anticounter clockwise. [PAR] Most of the dice makers follow these rules. [PAR] ... [PAR] ...... [PAR] There is a way the dice can be different. [PAR] There are two ways of placing the points of number 2, 3, or 6, which change into themselves by turning through 180\u00b0. This leads to eight pictures. [PAR] The red die is the most frequent. But I also found the green ones. [PAR] Four puzzles with dice will follow now. [PAR] Guessing the Sum top [PAR] ... [PAR] Build a tower of several dice. [PAR] Is it possible to find the sum of the points of the hidden horizontal cube sides? [PAR] In this case the tower is formed by three dice. Five surfaces would be counted: The under side of the top die, and the top and bottom sides of the two lower dice. [PAR] Solution: You take 1 at the top and count the number of the lower cubes. Number 6 is opposite the 1 side. You add 7 for each die. The sum is 6+2x7=20. [PAR] ... [PAR] You can make a nice cube puzzle, if you cut the die in nine bars. [PAR] The vertical bars are in the middle layer, the horizontal ones on the outside. Then the puzzle is more interesting. [PAR] ... [PAR] ... [PAR] You can also form a 3x3x3-cube with 9 V-Triominos (drawing) or with Soma cubes. Draw points on them. [PAR] Rubik's Dice top"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Digger Bee : pictures, information, classification and more Digger Bee: pictures, information, classification and more [PAR] 2009 [PAR] Ads [PAR] Digger Bee, common name for a group of robust, fast-flying, ground-nesting bees with velvety fur. These bees live throughout the world. There are several thousand species, more than 900 of which occur in the United States and Canada. Digger bees visit a wide variety of flowers and are important in pollination. They are also called longhorned bees due to the exceptionally long antennae of the males. [PAR] Digger bees range from the size of a honey bee to as large as a bumble bee. These bees mostly nest in the ground and line their brood cells (compartments for offspring) with a waxlike secretion. In some species, the females construct a characteristic turret, a chimneylike extension of the nest entrance. Other digger bees nest in wood and some are parasites of other bees. Parasitic digger bees do not construct nests. [PAR] Digger bees display very interesting nesting and foraging behavior. Many species nest in dense aggregations, and swarms of males cruise around the nesting sites searching for emerging females. In one species, the males can detect the females in the ground before they emerge. These males dig a hole into the ground where the female will emerge and then await her arrival. Other males attempt to take over and fights ensue. The largest bee usually wins. [PAR] A species of digger bee called the southeastern blueberry bee specializes on blueberry plants in its pollen-collecting. It is more efficient at pollinating these plants than honey bees or bumble bees. Another species, the pallid bee, puts on spectacular displays of mating behavior in the spring around nests in desert washes in Arizona. The Pacific sand dune bee is a digger bee that nests in coastal sand dunes in California, Oregon, and Washington. The females dig nests 0.9 m (3 ft) deep in compacted dune sand. [PAR] Scientific classification: The digger bees comprise the subfamily Anthophorinae, family Anthophoridae, order Hymenoptera. The southeastern blueberry bee is Habropoda laboriosa, the Pacific sand dune bee is Habropoda miserabilis, and the pallid bee is Centris pallida. [PAR] Share this page with your friends!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sydney Harbour Bridge | australia.gov.au Sydney Harbour Bridge | australia.gov.au [PAR] Sydney Harbour Bridge [PAR] Sydney Harbour Bridge [PAR] Sydney Harbour Bridge at sunset. Image courtesy of Virtual Australia. [PAR] The Sydney Harbour Bridge is one of Australia's most well known and photographed landmarks. It is the world's largest (but not the longest) steel arch bridge with the top of the bridge standing 134 metres above the harbour. It is fondly known by the locals as the 'Coathanger' because of its arch-based design. [PAR] A history of the Sydney Harbour Bridge [PAR] It was as early as 1815 that Francis Greenway proposed building a bridge from the northern to the southern shore of the harbour. [PAR] It took some time for this to become a reality with design submissions invited in 1900. All the submissions were considered unsuitable and so the momentum for the bridge crossing stopped. [PAR] However, after the First World War more serious plans were made, with a general design for the Sydney Harbour Bridge prepared by Dr J J C Bradfield and officers of the NSW Department of Public Works. The New South Wales Government then invited worldwide tenders for the construction of the Bridge in 1922 and the contract was let to English firm Dorman Long and Co of Middlesbrough. [PAR] The Sydney Harbour Bridge construction started in 1924 and took 1,400 men eight years to build at a cost of 4.2 million. Six million hand driven rivets and 53,000 tonnes of steel were used in its construction. It now carries eight traffic lanes and two rail lines, one in each direction, but at the time of its construction the two eastern lanes were tram tracks. They were converted to road traffic when Sydney closed down its tram system in the 1950s. [PAR] Captain Francis De Groot 'opening' the Bridge. Image courtesy of Pylon Lookout. [PAR] An interesting past [PAR] The Bridge has an interesting past including its official opening on 19 March 1932. Before the NSW Premier, the Honourable John 'Jack' T. Lang, could cut the ribbon to signify the opening of the Harbour Bridge, Captain Francis De Groot of the political group The New Guard slashed the ribbon with his sword. Captain De Goot believed that the only person to open the Bridge should be a member of the Royal Family. Captain De Goot was detained, the ribbon tied together, and the Premier then officially cut the ribbon. [PAR] As many as 800 families living in the Bridge's path were relocated and their homes demolished without any compensation given when the Bridge started construction. Sixteen workers lives were lost during construction of the Bridge. [PAR] Grace Cossington Smith, The Bridge in-Curve, c.1930, tempera on cardboard 83.6x111.8cm. Image courtesy of the National Gallery of Victoria. [PAR] Flying under the Bridge [PAR] It is reported that in 1943 a flight of 24 RAAF Wirraways flew under the Sydney Harbour Bridge, with one of the pilots changing his flight path at the last moment to go over the top of the Bridge only just clearing it in time. [PAR] There is another story of the Americans flying under the Harbour Bridge, with one Kittyhawk flying under in about February 1942 and two Kittyhawks in May 1942. Again in May 1942, the Dutch flew three aircraft of the 18 Squadron NEI-AF under the Bridge in formation and then circled back to do another flight under the Bridge in a single line. [PAR] On 22 October 1943, Flight Lieutenant Peter Isaacson and his crew flew the huge Australian Lancaster, Q for Queenie, under the Harbour Bridge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SOCCER - South Korea And Japan Will Share World Cup ... SOCCER;South Korea And Japan Will Share World Cup - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Sports |SOCCER;South Korea And Japan Will Share World Cup [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The fierce competition between Japan and South Korea to host soccer's international championship ended with an uneasy solution yesterday, when the contentious nations were chosen as joint hosts of the 2002 World Cup. [PAR] Officials of FIFA, soccer's Zurich-based international governing body, must now hammer out the logistical kinks involved in awarding a joint bid to two countries as rivalrous as these two have been. The world's largest single sporting event has never been held in Asia, and it has never had co-hosts. [PAR] The decision came after Japan, which had been resisting the idea of sharing the event, sent a letter to FIFA saying it had changed its stance and was willing to join South Korea as co-host. [PAR] \"It was the appropriate political decision,\" Alan Rothenberg, president of the United States soccer federation, said in a conference call from Zurich, where FIFA's decision was announced. \"If it works, it will be very important for the World Cup to be co-hosted by two countries without a great history of friendship. This proves that sport, and particularly soccer, can make a difference.\" [PAR] Several important questions remain unanswered. Which country will host the championship match? Will both nations receive an automatic qualifying berth that traditionally goes to the host country? Will South Korea share its portion of the tournament with North Korea? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Response to yesterday's decision was mixed. Koreans, buoyed by streaks of fervent nationalism and three consecutive appearances in the World Cup, seemed generally excited about the chance to host at least a part of the monthlong international championship. [PAR] \"This is a victory for us and a loss for Japan,\" Kim Ga-young, an official with Korea's World Cup bidding committee, told the Reuters news agency in Seoul. \"The Japanese were all along against the idea of co-hosting, but they accepted it at the last minute. We won.\" [PAR] The two countries have been traditional enemies and distant friends since Japan's 35-year occupation of the Korean peninsula, which ended after World War II. [PAR] \"I am a rather conservative man, and it will take me a couple of days to decide whether I am happy with this decision or not,\" Chung Mong-joon, a South Korean vice president of FIFA, told reporters in Zurich. \"I hope I am happy.\" [PAR] Reaction was more subdued and disappointed in Japan, which had resisted the idea of serving as a co-host. Japan was the favored choice of FIFA's autocratic leader, Joao Havelange of Brazil, who lost a political fight against his European counterparts on the soccer body's executive committee. [PAR] Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. [PAR] Invalid email address. Please re-enter. [PAR] You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. [PAR] Sign Up [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] \"This is the worst-case scenario,\" Kenji Mori, managing director of Japan's professional J League, told Reuters in Tokyo, while one of the league's coaches, Yasuhiko Okudera, said, \"It's going to be terrible, but we have to think positive.\" [PAR] Officially, government leaders in Japan and South Korea said they hope the joint bid will encourage friendly relations as well as exciting soccer. [PAR] \"I express deep respect for the FIFA executive committee members' decision to let the two countries co-host the event"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Map Lat Long Coordinates Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Map Lat Long Coordinates [PAR] Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey [PAR] Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 41.108891, 29.021111. [PAR] Maslak is one of the numerous central districts of Istanbul, western Turkey. It is located on the right shore of the Bosphorus (so called European side) and is a developing business and commercial district of the capital city. It is very easy to reach it by metro or buses from other central parts of the city, and there are plenty of business kind of venues like conference halls, exhibitions, venues for fairs, financial and other institutions located in the area. [PAR] Map of Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey [PAR] Facebook Google+ Twitter [PAR] Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Lat Long Coordinates Info [PAR] The latitude of Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey is 41.108891, and the longitude is 29.021111. Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey is located at Turkey country in the Districts place category with the gps coordinates of 41\u00b0 6' 32.0076'' N and 29\u00b0 1' 15.9996'' E. [PAR] Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey elevation is 125 meters height, that is equal to 410 feet. [PAR] Search for a Place [PAR] Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Geographic Information [PAR] Country[DOC] [TLE] Steigenberger Hotel Istanbul Maslak, Turkey - Booking.com Steigenberger Hotel Istanbul Maslak, Turkey - Booking.com [PAR] Steigenberger Hotel Istanbul Maslak [PAR] Just copy and paste! [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Steigenberger Hotel Istanbul Maslak 5-star hotel This property has agreed to be part of our Preferred Property Program, which groups together properties that stand out because of their excellent service and quality/price ratio with competitive prices. Participation in the program requires meeting a specific set of criteria and takes feedback from previous guests into account. [PAR] Steigenberger Hotel Istanbul Maslak [PAR] Buyukdere Cad. No:233 Ucyol Mevkii Maslak, Sariyer, 34398 Istanbul, Turkey \u2013 Great location - show map [PAR] After booking, all of the property\u2019s details, including telephone and address, are provided in your booking confirmation and your account. [PAR] Lock in a great price for Steigenberger Hotel Istanbul Maslak \u2013 rated 8.3 by recent guests! [PAR] Enter dates [PAR] Very Good 8.3 /10 Score from 1,184 reviews [PAR] Cleanliness [PAR] Free WiFi [PAR] 8.2 [PAR] Helpful staff: they helped me find my lost headphones. Also, although one can see it is not the newest hotel, I couldn't complain with the upgrade I received to the Club level [PAR] Rafal, Poland [PAR] I like the room the hotel offered me. The staff of the hotel are friendly and they speak English. [PAR] Hiba, United Arab Emirates [PAR] Turkish sauna and spa, breakfast, great location just next to Istinye park and on the major street to all directions (Istanbul's biggest concern is always it's traffic jam). The staff upgraded my room free of charge. Turkish spa - hammam was just great. Had only breakfast- more than good, for other meals many restaurants are nearby. I recommend Kosebasi for real Turkish cuisine (yet very affordable). I highly recommend this hotel. [PAR] Juraj, Croatia [PAR] This hotel is just perfect! Stuff is really nice and proffesional, rooms are big with comfy beds and nice bathrooms! Breakfast is really good with lot of choice. Fitness is biggest that I ever saw in any hotel and spa is great too! Defintely worth the money and I would rate it 100% 10/10!! [PAR] Ante, Croatia [PAR] Check in process was great. Anan, the employee who processed my room check in was very helpful on what facilities in the hotel and what to do in the city. The breakfast were extremely good, fresh fruited and delicious food. The hotel also very close to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sheffield Shield - A Cricket Article - Sports Pundit Sheffield Shield - A Cricket Article [PAR] Sheffield Shield [PAR] Comments [PAR] The Sheffield Shield got recognized in 1892-93 and is considered as the foremost domestic cricket competition held in Australia. There are around six teams who play these series of 4-day matches annually with every other team. Points are awarded for each team after each win or lose and then top winners would play against each other in the fifth day final match. [PAR] The final match is played at home ground which finishes at the end of the routine season competition. And, if the final is tied, then the top ranked team wins the Sheffield Shield. This four day version of domestic cricket match in Australia attracts crowds from around the world and involves states like New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, Queensland, Western Australia and such states. [PAR] History of the Shield [PAR] To trace back to the history of the Shield, it can be rather interesting to know that it was in 1891-92, that the shield came into existence. The Earl of Sheffield had come to Australia and as the promoter of the English team led by W.G. Grace, scheduled the tour having almost three tests played successively in Melbourne, Sydney and in Adelaide. At the end of the outstanding tour, Lord Sheffield donated 150 pounds to the association of New South Wales Cricket team for the purpose of funding a trophy for the annual tournament held in Australia. There were in general three colonies, the New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria, which were already playing with each other for the matches. [PAR] The summer of 1892-93 seasons saw the commencement of the new tournaments where the three teams competed with each other in each season for the Sheffield Shield, named after its benefactor. There was a competition held as to who would make a better shield and Philip Blashki, a Polish settler won this competition and designed the 43 x 30 inch of silver shield trophy. The competition consequently commenced fifteen years after the first test match of Australia. [PAR] In 1999, the Australian Cricket Board, which is at present, known by the name, Cricket Australia, announced 4 year aid deal that included renaming of the Sheffield Shield to the Pura Milk Cup and then to Pura Cup for next season. The name, Pura is kept after a brand name, Pura of National Foods. With this aid, there was increase in the whole prize money to 220,000 dollars, with winners getting 75,000 dollars and the runners up getting 45,000 dollars at the most. [PAR] Player of the year [PAR] At the end of the each season, the player of the year award is declared and from 1976, it has been awarded to any best performance of the player/s of the season as per the panel of judge\u2019s discussion. Mathew Elliott, South Australian and Victoria batsman had won the award most of the times and also have been awarded Player of the year on three separate occasions in 1994-95, in 1998-99 and in 2003-04 respectively. [PAR] Pura Cup season winners of 2008-09 [PAR] The first season of the Pura Cup was played between Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales in 1892-93. At this season, Victoria won the shield, and South Australia came second with New South Wales at the third place. [PAR] The winner of the Pura Cup season of 2008 \u2013 09 was Victoria, with Second and Third position runner ups being Queensland and South Australia. Tasmania, Western Australia and New South"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Theorems of Mathematics/Pythagoras theorem ... Famous Theorems of Mathematics/Pythagoras theorem - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Famous Theorems of Mathematics/Pythagoras theorem [PAR] From Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] The Pythagoras Theorem or the Pythagorean theorem, named after the Greek mathematician Pythagoras states that: [PAR] In any right triangle, the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite to the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the two sides that meet at a right angle). [PAR] This is usually summarized as follows: [PAR] The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides. [PAR] If we let c be the length of the hypotenuse and a and b be the lengths of the other two sides, the theorem can be expressed as the equation: [PAR] a [PAR] {\\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}\\,} [PAR] or, solved for c: [PAR] . [PAR] {\\displaystyle c={\\sqrt {a^{2}+b^{2}}}.\\,} [PAR] If c is already given, and the length of one of the legs must be found, the following equations can be used (The following equations are simply the converse of the original equation): [PAR] c [PAR] {\\displaystyle c^{2}-a^{2}=b^{2}\\,} [PAR] or [PAR] . [PAR] {\\displaystyle c^{2}-b^{2}=a^{2}.\\,} [PAR] This equation provides a simple relation among the three sides of a right triangle so that if the lengths of any two sides are known, the length of the third side can be found. A generalization of this theorem is the law of cosines, which allows the computation of the length of the third side of any triangle, given the lengths of two sides and the size of the angle between them. If the angle between the sides is a right angle it reduces to the Pythagorean theorem. [PAR] Contents [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] The history of the theorem can be divided into four parts: knowledge of Pythagorean triples, knowledge of the relationship between the sides of a right triangle, knowledge of the relationship between adjacent angles, and proofs of the theorem. [PAR] Megalithic monuments from circa 2500 BC in Egypt, and in Northern Europe, incorporate right triangles with integer sides. Bartel Leendert van der Waerden conjectures that these Pythagorean triples were discovered algebraically. [PAR] Written between 2000 and 1786 BC, the Middle Kingdom Egyptian papyrus Berlin 6619 includes a problem whose solution is a Pythagorean triple. [PAR] During the reign of Hammurabi the Great, the Mesopotamian tablet Plimpton 322, written between 1790 and 1750 BC, contains many entries closely related to Pythagorean triples. [PAR] The Baudhayana Sulba Sutra, the dates of which are given variously as between the 8th century BC and the 2nd century BC, in India, contains a list of Pythagorean triples discovered algebraically, a statement of the Pythagorean theorem, and a geometrical proof of the Pythagorean theorem for an isosceles right triangle. [PAR] The Apastamba Sulba Sutra (circa 600 BC) contains a numerical proof of the general Pythagorean theorem, using an area computation. Van der Waerden believes that \"it was certainly based on earlier traditions\". According to Albert B\u016drk, this is the original proof of the theorem; he further theorizes that Pythagoras visited Arakonam, India, and copied it. [PAR] Pythagoras, whose dates are commonly given as 569\u2013475 BC, used algebraic methods to construct Pythagorean triples, according to Proklos's commentary on Euclid. Proklos, however, wrote between 410 and 485 AD. According to Sir Thomas L. Heath, there is no attribution of the theorem to Pythagoras for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Are Apple Seeds Poisonous? - About.com Education Are Apple Seeds Poisonous? [PAR] Are Apple Seeds Poisonous? [PAR] Are Apple Seeds Poisonous? [PAR] Cyanide in Apple Seeds [PAR] Apple seeds contain amygdalin, which decomposes into toxic benzaldehyde and prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide. However, humans are able to detoxify small amounts of these chemicals. Image Source/Getty Images [PAR] Updated October 24, 2016. [PAR] Question: Do Apple Seeds Contain Poison? [PAR] Apples, along with cherries, peaches and almonds, are members of the rose family. The seeds of apples and these other fruits contain natural chemicals that are toxic to some animals. Are they poisonous to humans? Here's a look at the toxicity of apple seeds. [PAR] Toxicity of Apple Seeds [PAR] Apple seeds do contain a small amount of cyanide , which is a lethal poison, but you are protected from the toxin by the hard seed coating. If you eat whole apple seeds, they pass through your digestive system relatively untouched. If you chew the seeds thoroughly, you will be exposed to the chemicals inside the seeds, but the dose of toxins in an apple is small enough that your body can easily detoxify it. [PAR] How Many Apple Seeds Does It Take to Kill You? [PAR] Cyanide is deadly at a dose of about 1 milligram per kilogram of body weight. On average, an apple seed contains 0.49 mg of cyanogenic compounds. The number of seeds per apple varies, but an apple with 8 seeds therefore contains about 3.92 milligrams of cyanide. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] A person weighing 70 kilograms would needs to eat 143 seeds to reach the lethal dose, or about 18 whole apples. [PAR] Reference: Juniper BE, Mabberley DJ (2006). The Story of the Apple. Timber Press. p. 20. ISBN 0881927848."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kopi Luwak - The most expensive coffee in the world The most expensive coffee in the world \u2013 All details about Kopi Luwak [PAR] All About Kopi Luwak \u2013 The Most Expensive Coffee In The World! [PAR] Kopi luwak is the world\u2019s most expensive coffee. The main factor of it\u2019s high price is the uncommon method of producing such a coffee. It has been produced from the coffee beans which have been digested by a certain Indonesian cat-like animal called then palm civet or also civet cat . This is the reason kopi luwak is also called cat poop coffee or civet cat coffee. The feces of this cat will be collected, finished and sold as kopi luwak. On this website you will find all relevant information about the production process, the cat, certified kopi luwak producers, the kopi luwak coffee itself and it\u2019s unique properties and taste. The short supply, in comparison with the high demand, the different taste and the uncommon production methods define the value of kopi luwak \u2013 the most expensive coffee in the world . [PAR] Here is a price comparison of a kopi luwak coffee with an average coffee brand: [PAR] kopi luwak [PAR] (coffee production per year) [PAR] Why is Kopi Luwak so special and the most expensive coffee? [PAR] The most important reason of the coffee\u2019s speciality is the production process. Have a look at the pictures below to see how the most expensive coffee is produced: from beans fallen from a coffee tree to a cup of Kopi Luwak coffee. If you want more details about each step, just click on \u201cmore..\u201d in each section. Hint: To enjoy Kopi Luwak, use regular sized coffee mugs . [PAR] The coffee tree, Coffea, is a flowering evergreen plant native to tropical Africa and Asia. In the 17th century it was also imported to Latin-America. (more..) [PAR] In fact, coffee beans are seeds and not beans. They contain caffeine as a plant defense against animals. However, this is no protection against the palm civet cat. (more..) [PAR] During the digestion process the coffee cherries and the pulp are removed but the coffee beans are not digested. During this process some kind of unique fermentation occurs which is responsible for giving the civet coffee its special flavor. (more..) [PAR] Palm civets, also known as civet cats, are small mammals which belong to the Viverridae family. Normally they prefer to eat just the ripest coffee cherries. In Indonesia these animals are known as luwaks. (more..) [PAR] After about 24 hours the coffee beans are defecated by the civet cat. In Southeast Asia these feces are considered golden. They are collected from farmers and processed into coffee. (more..) [PAR] In the next steps the coffee beans are washed, dried, pounded to remove the skin, sorted and finally roasted . (more..) [PAR] Kopi Luwak coffee can be brewed like any other coffee. Avoid using sugar, milk or cream in your kopi luwak, because with these ingredients you will not be able to taste its unique flavor. (more..) [PAR] enjoy the cup! [PAR] [PAR] Important: You should pay attention when buying Kopi Luwak coffee! [PAR] The keyword in this sense is animal friendly and \u201c authentic \u201c, which means it\u2019s coffee cherries have been eaten, digested and excreted by wild living and non-caged civet cat, collected by farmers and sold to roasters to prepare for human consumption. The potential in selling of kopi Luwak is high, which allures alot business people trying to skim the market with wicked methods: [PAR] 1.) \u201cFake\u201d kopi luwak / Civet coffee"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Richard III: Battle of Bosworth descendants meet ... King Richard III: Battle of Bosworth descendants meet - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] King Richard III: Battle of Bosworth descendants meet [PAR] 25 March 2015 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption Richard, the last English king to die in battle, was killed at Bosworth Field in 1485 [PAR] Descendants of some 20 families who fought at the Battle of Bosworth, that ended the reign of Richard III, have met for the first time. [PAR] Researchers who identified the king using DNA from his distant family used the same techniques to find descendants of those who fought in the battle. [PAR] They met family members directly related to the last Plantagenet king at a reception in Leicester. [PAR] Some have flown from Australia, South Africa and Canada for the occasion. [PAR] Richard, the last English king to die in battle, was killed at Bosworth Field in 1485 , at the end of the Wars of the Roses. [PAR] The pro-vice chancellor at the University of Leicester, Prof Kevin Sch\u00fcrer, who conducted the research, said it was \"challenging\" but had \"thrown up some interesting stories\". [PAR] Image copyright Rex Harris [PAR] Image caption A stained glass window at Malvern Priory depicts Sir Reynold Bray, who is credited with finding Richard's golden crown on a hawthorn bush at Bosworth [PAR] Among those identified by Prof Sch\u00fcrer are relatives whose ancestors include: [PAR] Marmaduke Constable who survived at Bosworth and later fought in the Battle of Flodden, aged 71, but died after swallowing a frog while drinking a glass of water. [PAR] Sir John Babington of Dethick, Derbyshire who had been Sheriff of Derby and Nottingham and is reported to have fought for King Richard's cause. [PAR] Samuel Spriggs a Leicestershire man who accompanied Richard to battle and is reputed to have been made an esquire of his body. [PAR] John Hardwick who knew the local terrain and advised Henry of Richmond on the best battle positions, thus being credited as \"the architect of Richard's defeat\". [PAR] Sir Reynold Bray from Worcester who is credited with having found Richard's golden crown on a hawthorn bush on the Bosworth battlefield and handing it to Lord Stanley who placed it on Henry's head. [PAR] Simon Digby from Leicester who was knighted and given the manor of Coleshill, Warwickshire for his part in the battle. [PAR] Thomas Iden who fought for the Lancastrian cause and subsequently served as the Sheriff of Kent in 1500. [PAR] Prof Sch\u00fcrer said: \"The stories are a mixture of continuity and change, with a fair measure of fame and glory thrown in. [PAR] \"The inter-relation between some of the families from Bosworth is another interesting feature - in some regards it truly was a battle of cousins. [PAR] \"Bringing together these families for the first time in over 500 years will be a remarkable event.\" [PAR] King Richard's reburial ceremony will be held at Leicester Cathedral on Thursday, led by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Habib Bourguiba, Independence Champion and President of ... Habib Bourguiba, Independence Champion and President of Tunisia, Dies at 96 - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] World |Habib Bourguiba, Independence Champion and President of Tunisia, Dies at 96 [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Habib Bourguiba, who was president of Tunisia from 1957 to 1987 after leading the country to independence from France, died yesterday. He was 96 years old and lived in Monastir in eastern Tunisia. [PAR] Mr. Bourguiba was a spectacularly durable Arab leader. He was also relatively moderate and pro-Western and did much to enhance women's rights in Tunisia. [PAR] Often called the Supreme Combatant, he long dominated his North African nation as wholly as Nehru did India or Nasser did Egypt. In the early 1960's, after he consolidated power, he was asked about Tunisia's political system. ''The system? What system?'' he exclaimed cheerfully. ''I am the system.'' [PAR] Mr. Bourguiba, who had been the only president of independent Tunisia, acquired the title president for life in 1975. But in November 1987, at age 84, he was deposed in a bloodless coup. He was ousted by his new prime minister, Zine el-Abidine ben Ali, who declared that the president was too senile and ill to govern Tunisia's seven million people. [PAR] Mr. ben Ali put Mr. Bourguiba under guard for a time in a villa outside Tunis and assumed the presidency himself. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] In the early years under Mr. Bourguiba, Tunisia evolved into one of the most politically tolerant Arab countries and was a showcase for development. Per-capita income and literacy soared. [PAR] But in later years, appreciation of past accomplishments dimmed with disillusionment over high prices, low wages and high unemployment. At the same time, demands from opposing ends of the political spectrum shook confidence in his stewardship, which had often been marred by rigged elections. [PAR] In his final years in power, Mr. Bourguiba took sweeping measures against Islamic militants, and he was deposed after he ordered retrials and death sentences for several of them. Mr. ben Ali and others feared that if the order were carried out it would bring on civil war. [PAR] That crisis period was a far cry from Mr. Bourguiba's long heyday. For decade after decade, he was the fountainhead of Tunisian political life, first as the leader of the movement for independence and then, after independence came in 1956, as chief of state, modernizer, pioneer for women's rights and advocate of Arab moderation toward Israel. [PAR] He was a flamboyant leader and a gifted orator, with his eyes flashing under his red fez, his jaw jutting, his arms flailing, his voice rising and falling, his passionate oratory building to make his points. [PAR] But he was also a shrewd politician who often preferred to outmaneuver adversaries like French officials and Islamic conservatives rather than confront them. His tactics became known in the Paris press as Bourguibism, and they helped him retain his position as Tunisia's leader after the rulers of other Islamic nations -- the shah of Iran, the king of Libya, strongmen in Syria and Iraq -- were overthrown. [PAR] Mr. Bourguiba's relatively restrained attitude did not come naturally in Tunisia, a nation the size of Louisiana on the Mediterranean coast between Algeria and Libya. Years of study in Paris had imbued him with a pattern of logical thinking, and as president he found it only logical to advocate restraint toward Israel, even after the Israeli victory in the 1967 war,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Fabric Terms - Fabric - Store Glossary of Fabric Terms - Fabric - Store [PAR] A manufactured fiber, its major properties include a soft, wool-like hand, machine washable and dryable and excellent color retention. [PAR] Alpaca [PAR] A natural hair fiber obtained from the Alpaca sheep, a domesticated member of the llama family. [PAR] Angora [PAR] The hair of the Angora goat. Also known as Angora mohair. Angora may also apply to the fur of the Angora rabbit. [PAR] Antique Satin [PAR] A reversible satin-weave fabric with satin floats on the technical face and surface slubs on the technical back created by using slub-filling yarns. It is usually used with the technical back as the right side for drapery fabrics and often made of a blend of fibers. [PAR] Batik [PAR] A method of dyeing fabric where some areas are covered with wax or pastes made of glues or starches to make designs by keeping dyes from penetrating in pattern areas. Multicolored and blended effects are obtained by repeating the dyeing process several times, with the initial pattern of wax boiled off and another design applied before dyeing again in a new color. [PAR] A lightweight, plain weave fabric, semi-sheer and usually made of cotton or cotton blends. Appropriate for heirloom sewing, baby clothes and lingerie. [PAR] Bedford Cord [PAR] A cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges in the lengthwise direction. Since the fabric has a high strength and a high durability, it is often used for upholstery and work clothes. [PAR] A fabric with a crosswise rib made from textile fibers (as rayon, nylon, cotton, or wool) often in combination. [PAR] Boiled Wool [PAR] Felted knitted wool, it offers the flexibility of a knit with great warmth. Create your own by washing double the needed amount of 100% wool jersey in hot water and drying in a hot dryer. Expect 50% shrinkage. Appropriate for jackets, vests and stuffed animals. [PAR] Blackout [PAR] A type of fabric that is commonly used for drapery, this fabric has the distinctive quality of blocking light, and comes in two forms: 2-pass and 3-pass. Two-pass has two \u201cpasses\u201d of foam on a fabric, which means the black layer of foam will be visible. 3-pass has two layers of white and one layer of black foam. Three-pass can also be used as an upholstery fabric, as the black layer is not visible. Blackout fabrics can also be insulating and noise-dampening. [PAR] Buckram [PAR] A very stiff cotton fabric that is been soaked in a substance to fill in the gaps between the fibers. The fiber is usually cotton and is finished with starch and resin. Buckram fabric is most commonly used as the supporting material inside of baseball caps. It is also used in lady's hats, costumes, belts, and handbags. [PAR] A loosely constructed, heavy weight, plain weave fabric. It has a rough hand. Appropriate for draperies and decorative items. [PAR] Burn-out Velvet [PAR] Created from two different fibers, the velvet is removed with chemicals in a pattern leaving the backing fabric intact. Appropriate for more unconstructed and loosely fit garments. [PAR] Chenille [PAR] The French word for caterpillar, this soft fabric is created by placing short pieces of yarns between core yarns and twisting the yarn together to make a fabric. This fabric is commonly used for baby items and in home d\u00e9cor fabrics. [PAR] Chantilly lace [PAR] This lace has a net background, and the pattern is created by embroidering with thread and ribbon to create floral designs. The pattern has areas of design that are very dense, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Dickens and the Gordon Riots - blogspot.com Supremacy and Survival: The English Reformation: Charles Dickens and the Gordon Riots [PAR] Wednesday, February 8, 2012 [PAR] Charles Dickens and the Gordon Riots [PAR] Charles Dickens' 200th birthday was celebrated yesterday, February 7. Among Dickens' many, many works is one rather unusual historical novel, Barnaby Rudge, concerning the Gordon Riots--those anti-Catholic disturbances that followed the first steps of emancipating Catholics in England. There are two interesting features of this novel: one that Dickens wasn't really that interested in history and the other that Dickens really had no sympathy for the Catholics attacked during the Gordon Riots! [PAR] As to the first feature: Chesterton commented on Dickens writing two historical novels (A Tale of Two Cities and Barnaby Rudge) while not knowing anything or caring about history: [PAR] But it is very typical of Dickens's living interest in his own time, that though he wrote two historical novels they were neither of them of very ancient history. They were both, indeed, of very recent history; only they were those parts of recent history which were specially picturesque. I do not think that this was due to any mere consciousness on his part that he knew no history. Undoubtedly he knew no history; and he may or may not have been conscious of the fact. But the consciousness did not prevent him from writing a History of England. Nor did it prevent him from interlarding all or any of his works with tales of the pictorial past, such as the tale of the broken swords in Master Humphrey's Clock, or the indefensibly delightful nightmare of the lady in the stage-coach, which helps to soften the amiable end of Pickwick. Neither, worst of all, did it prevent him from dogmatising anywhere and everywhere about the past, of which he knew nothing; it did not prevent him from telling the bells to tell Trotty Veck that the Middle Ages were a failure, nor from solemnly declaring that the best thing that the medi\u00e6val monks ever did was to create the mean and snobbish quietude of a modern cathedral city. No, it was not historical reverence that held him back from dealing with the remote past; but rather something much better -- a living interest in the living century in which he was born. He would have thought himself quite intellectually capable of writing a novel about the Council of Trent or the First Crusade. He would have thought himself quite equal to analysing the psychology of Abelard or giving a bright, satiric sketch of St. Augustine. It must frankly be confessed that it was not a sense of his own unworthiness that held him back; I fear it was rather a sense of St. Augustine's unworthiness. He could not see the point of any history before the first slow swell of the French Revolution. He could understand the revolutions of the eighteenth century; all the other revolutions of history (so many and so splendid) were unmeaning to him. But the revolutions of the eighteenth century he did understand; and to them therefore he went back, as all historical novelists go back, in search of the picturesque. And from this fact an important result follows, [PAR] The result that follows is this: that his only two historical novels are both tales of revolutions -- of eighteenth-century revolutions. These two eighteenth-century revolutions may seem to differ, and perhaps do differ in everything except in being revolutions and of the eighteenth century. The French Revolution, which is the theme of A Tale of Two Cities, was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inner Body - Integumentary System - Human Anatomy: Learn ... Integumentary System [PAR] Integumentary System [PAR] Home > Integumentary System [PAR] Integumentary System [PAR] The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The average person\u2019s skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet. Skin forms the body\u2019s outer covering and forms a barrier to protect the body from chemicals, disease, UV light, and physical damage. Hair and nails extend from the skin to reinforce the skin and protect it from environmental... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Female [PAR] Full Integumentary System Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . damage. The exocrine glands of the integumentary system produce sweat, oil, and wax to cool, protect, and moisturize the skin\u2019s surface. [PAR] Anatomy of the Integumentary System [PAR] Epidermis [PAR] The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin that covers almost the entire body surface. The epidermis rests upon and protects the deeper and thicker dermis layer of the skin. Structurally, the epidermis is only about a tenth of a millimeter thick but is made of 40 to 50 rows of stacked squamous epithelial cells. The epidermis is an avascular region of the body, meaning that it does not contain any blood or blood vessels. The cells of the epidermis receive all of their nutrients via diffusion of fluids from the dermis . [PAR] The epidermis is made of several specialized types of cells. Almost 90% of the epidermis is made of cells known as keratinocytes. Keratinocytes develop from stem cells at the base of the epidermis and begin to produce and store the protein keratin. Keratin makes the keratinocytes very tough, scaly and water-resistant. At about 8% of epidermal cells, melanocytes form the second most numerous cell type in the epidermis. Melanocytes produce the pigment melanin to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation and sunburn. Langerhans cells are the third most common cells in the epidermis and make up just over 1% of all epidermal cells. Langerhans cells\u2019 role is to detect and fight pathogens that attempt to enter the body through the skin. Finally, Merkel cells make up less than 1% of all epidermal cells but have the important function of sensing touch. Merkel cells form a disk along the deepest edge of the epidermis where they connect to nerve endings in the dermis to sense light touch. [PAR] The epidermis in most of the body is arranged into 4 distinct layers. In the palmar surface of the hands and plantar surface of the feet, the skin is thicker than in the rest of the body and there is a fifth layer of epidermis. The deepest region of the epidermis is the stratum basale, which contains the stem cells that reproduce to form all of the other cells of the epidermis. The cells of the stratum basale include cuboidal keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Merkel cells. Superficial to stratum basale is the stratum spinosum layer where Langerhans cells are found along with many rows of spiny keratinocytes. The spines found here are cellular projections called desmosomes that form between keratinocytes to hold them together and resist friction. Just superficial to the stratum spinosum is the stratum granulosum, where keratinocytes begin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The High Chaparral TV HighChaparral The High Chaparral TV HighChaparral [PAR] Ira: Jerry Summers [PAR] Don Sebastian Montoya: Frank Silvera [PAR] One of the most successful westerns on television for four years was The High Chaparral. It was the name given to the ranch owned and operated by the Cannon family in the Arizona Territory during the 1870's. Stubborn, determined Big John Cannon (Leif Erickson) was the patriarch of the family, and his driving ambition to establish a cattle empire in the rugged, Apache-infested land was the thrust of the entire show. To help him, he had his younger brother Buck (Cameron Mitchell), who could outdrink, outshoot, outfight, and when motivated, outwork any man alive. Big John's son, Billy Blue (Mark Slade), was a young man in his early 20's, whose mother was killed in the very first episode. After his first wife's death, John married Victoria Montoya (Linda Cristal), daughter of Don Sebastian Montoya (Frank Silvera), and heiress, along with her brother Manolito (Henry Darrow), to the Don's extensive cattle holdings south of the border. Manolito comes to the Cannon ranch and becomes a permanent part of the household. [PAR] In the very first episode, Buck and Blue ride into Tucson and hire the bunkhouse guys, led by Sam Butler (Don Collier), who is the ranch foreman and who becomes John Cannon's \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdleft arm of the High Chaparral.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The rest of the bunkhouse consisted of Sam\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds brother Joe (Bob Hoy), Reno (Ted Markland), Ira Bean (Jerry Summers), and Pedro (Roberto Contreras). Vaquero (Rudolfo Acosta) is also acquired in the first episode as household help. There were cast changes, most notably in the fourth season with the disappearance of Blue Cannon (Mark Slade) and Don Sebastian Montoya (Frank Silvera) and the addition of Wind (Rudy Ramos) and Don Domingo Montoya (Gilbert Roland). Ira Bean disappeared at the end of the first season, and both Reno and Vaquero disappeared at the end of the second season. All the rest of the cast remained for all four seasons. [PAR] This series was shot almost entirely on location in 100+ heat at Tucson, Arizona, which gave it a realistic atmosphere. The viewer could almost feel the heat and the dust after an hour with the Cannons. The scripts were way above average, and each episode had enough action to hold viewer\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds interest. Nearly all the action sequences were coordinated by famed stuntman Henry Wills, and nearly every episode showcased a guest star of some repute. It was consistently in the top 20 of the national ratings, despite being lambasted for its excessive violence. In Europe, it was the top-rated show being imported at that time. [PAR] The series was also unique in another way. David Dortort, who was also the creative genius behind Bonanza, insisted on realism all the way. He built the house to specifications of 1870 Arizona using real adobe and materials native to the area. He hired real Mexicans to play Mexicans and real Apaches to play Apaches. One of the greatest coup in film history was the hiring of Nino Cochise, grandson of the fabled Cochise, to play the part of his famous grandfather. [PAR] Of the cast, Leif Erickson, Cameron Mitchell, Frank Silvera, and Gilbert Roland were veteran American movie actors, Rudolfo Acosta was a veteran Mexican movie actor, and Linda Cristal was well-known in both American and Mexican films. Don Collier was a veteran movie actor who also had his own successful television western Outlaws, as well a numerous television appearances as guest star in some of the highest top-ranking shows. Mark Slade came from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hairspray (1988) - IMDb Hairspray (1988) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A 'pleasantly plump' teenager teaches 1962 Baltimore a thing or two about integration after landing a spot on a local TV dance show. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 06 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 09 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 19 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Hairspray \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] 'Pleasantly Plump' teenager Tracy Turnblad achieves her dream of becoming a regular on the Corny Collins Dance Show. Now a teen hero, she starts using her fame to speak out for the causes she believes in, most of all integration. In doing so, she earns the wrath of the show's former star, Amber Von Tussle, as well as Amber's manipulative, pro-segregation parents. The rivalry comes to a head as Amber and Tracy vie for the title of Miss Auto Show 1963. Written by Jean-Marc Rocher <rocher@fiberbit.net> [PAR] The world was in a mess... but their hair was perfect!! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 26 February 1988 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The principal's office that Tracy Turnblad was sent to was a real principal's office. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When the two kids in the red car pull to the curb, two boys in blue pants walk by twice. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Crazy Credits [PAR] During the ending credits, there are footsteps moving to the beat of the song playing in the background. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] (Marietta, GA, USA) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] After an abomination like 'Pink Flamingos' it was a surprise for me to learn that this guy had talent. Like Spike Lee or Oliver Stone, you've got to admit that John Waters, like him or not, is a born moviemaker. Also like those two (and ultimately all great directors) he knows how to speak with his own voice and translate his vision to the screen. [PAR] His writing is most impressive here as he manages to point up the evils of racism and segregation while not abandoning his wacked-out comedic style. And his eye for period detail is uncanny (as long as the period wasn't too long ago!) 'Hairspray' is great entertainment, fun to watch and edifying, too. Who would have thought that? [PAR] 22 of 36 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes[DOC] [TLE] Hairspray (1988 Film) [VHS Video]: Divine, Ricki Lake ... Hairspray (1988 Film) [VHS Video]: Divine, Ricki Lake, Ruth Brown, Sonny Bono, Josh Charles, Jason Downs, Deborah Harry, John Waters, Rachel Talalay: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] By ARZFAN on February 4, 2015 [PAR] Format: DVD|Verified Purchase [PAR] Forever interested in the kitsch built into past eras, director John Waters chooses the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Groundhog Day in the United States - timeanddate.com Groundhog Day in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Groundhog Day [PAR] Groundhog Day in the United States [PAR] Groundhog Day falls on February 2 in the United States, coinciding with Candlemas . It is a part of popular culture among many Americans and it centers on the idea of the groundhog coming out of its home to \u201cpredict\u201d the weather. [PAR] The groundhog plays an important role on Groundhog Day. [PAR] The groundhog plays an important role on Groundhog Day. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/David P. Lewis [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Groundhog Day is a popular observance in many parts of the United States. Although some states have in some cases adopted their own groundhogs, the official groundhog, Punxsutawney Phil, lives at Gobbler\u2019s Knob near Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. The town has attracted thousands of visitors over the years to experience various Groundhog Day events and activities on February 2. [PAR] The Punxsutawney Groundhog Club plays an important role in organizing Groundhog Day in the town. Club members, news reporters, locals, and visitors meet at Gobbler\u2019s Knob on February 2 each year to await Phil\u2019s appearance and his weather prediction. Pennsylvania\u2019s governor has been known to attend Groundhog Day ceremonies. Many weather researchers questioned the groundhog\u2019s accuracy in predicting the weather, but some of the groundhog\u2019s fans may not agree. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Groundhog Day is an observance but it is not a public holiday in the United States. However, areas around parks and some streets may be busy or congested in towns, such as Punxsutawney, where Groundhog Day events are popular. [PAR] Roots in Nature [PAR] Thousands of years ago when animalism and nature worship were prevalent, people in the area of Europe now known as Germany believed that the badger had the power to predict the coming of spring. They watched the badger to know when to plant their crops. By the time the first German immigrants settled in Pennsylvania they probably understood that this was not true but the tradition continued. [PAR] Unfortunately, there were not many badgers in Pennsylvania so the groundhog was substituted for the badger. Tradition has it that if the groundhog sees its shadow on February 2 it will be frightened by it and will then return to its burrow, indicating that there will be 6 more weeks of winter. If it does not see its shadow, then spring is on the way. [PAR] Punxsutawney Phil [PAR] Punxsutawney held its first Groundhog Day in the United States in the 1800s. The first official trek to Gobbler's Knob was made on February 2, 1887. It is said that Punxsutawney Phil (the groundhog) was named after King Phillip. He was called Br'er Groundhog prior to being known as Phil. Canada also celebrates Groundhog Day. [PAR] The movie \u201cGroundhog Day\u201d from 1993, starring comedian Bill Murray, made Punxsutawney Phil in Pennsylvania famous worldwide. The film's plot added new meaning to the term \u201cGroundhog Day\u201d as something that repeats itself endlessly. [PAR] Note: References to seasonal changes in this article relate to the Northern Hemisphere.[DOC] [TLE] USA holidays: Groundhog Day | Office Holidays USA holidays: Groundhog Day | Office Holidays [PAR] Not a holiday, but still an interesting cultural event! [PAR] Anthony Quintano, via Flickr [PAR] 2 February each year brings the most-watched weather forecast of the year\u2014and the only one led by a rodent. Legend has it that on this morning, if a groundhog can see its shadow, there will be six more weeks of winter. If it cannot see its shadow, spring"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helminthology | Article about Helminthology by The Free ... Helminthology | Article about Helminthology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Helminthology | Article about Helminthology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Helminthology [PAR] Related to Helminthology: parasitology , Helminths [PAR] Helminthology [PAR] [PAR] the scientific study of parasitic worms and helminthiases\u2014the diseases that they cause in man, animals, and plants. As part of the complex of parasitological sciences, helminthology is closely associated at the same time with many other biological sciences (chiefly zoology), medicine, veterinary science, and plant pathology. It deals with a variety of problems, theoretical as well as practical. The main theoretical problems include elucidation of the ways in which parasitism originates in helminths, study of the historical development of helminths, and investigation of the nature of the interrelations between helminths and the hosts that they parasitize. Practical problems include the detailed study of all the pathologomorphological and pathologo-physiological processes involved in the infestation of man and useful animals and plants with various helminths, in order to find the most effective methods of diagnosing, preventing, and treating helminthiases. [PAR] The main branches of helminthology are general helminthology (study of the fauna, morphology, taxonomy, biological cycles, and physiology of helminths); medical helminthology (human helminthiases and methods of controlling them); veterinary helminthology (helminthiases of domestic and game animals and methods of controlling them); and agronomical helminthology or plant helminthology (study of the effect of helminths on plants and methods of controlling plant helminthiases). [PAR] The earliest information on parasitic worms dates far back into antiquity, but helminthology as a science did not begin to develop until the second half of the 18th century. The pioneer in this field is generally thought to be the German scientist K. A. Rudolphi, who was the first to collect parasitic worms and write a major monograph about them. The works of other scientists appeared at about the same time. They were devoted to the morphology, species composition, and position of helminths in the zoological system. The subsequent period in the history of helminthology (second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries) was characterized by a steadily increasing number of works in the zoogeography and classification of different groups of parasitic worms and by broad experimental research aimed at uncovering the complex life cycles of helminths (for example, the works of the Danish zoologist J. Steenstrup, the German researchers G. K\u00fcchenmeister, R. Leuckart, and M. Braun, the French scientist A. Railliet, the Russian zoologist N. A. Kholodkovskii, and the Swiss helminthologist O. Forman). [PAR] Present-day helminthologists make extensive use of methods based on advances in chemistry and physics. This has made it possible to gain more insight into the morphological and physiological changes that take place in helminths in the various stages of individual development (ontogeny), to study the mechanisms of their adaptation to changing environmental conditions, and to elucidate more fully the various aspects of the relationship between parasite and host. Research on these matters is responsible for the characteristics of modern helminthology. [PAR] Research on helminthology is most vigorously pursued in the USSR, where the world\u2019s largest school of helminthologists is found. It is concerned with the main branches of helminthology\u2014general, medical, and veterinary\u2014and it also deals with plant helminthology. The founder and director of the school of Soviet helminthologists was K. I. Skriabin, and E. N. Pavlovskii and V. A. Dogel\u2019 made an important contribution to the development of helminthology in the USSR. B. E. Bykhovskii made a thorough study of flatworms. Highly qualified Soviet specialists are at work in general, medical, veterinary, and agronomical helminthology. The All-Union"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nairobi | national capital, Kenya | Britannica.com Nairobi | national capital, Kenya | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, Kenya [PAR] list of cities and towns in Kenya [PAR] Nairobi, city, capital of Kenya . It is situated in the south-central part of the country, in the highlands at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,680 metres). The city lies 300 miles (480 km) northwest of Mombasa , Kenya\u2019s major port on the Indian Ocean . [PAR] Jacaranda trees blossom on parkland in the Kenyan capital of Nairobi. [PAR] Adrian Arbib/Corbis [PAR] The city originated in the late 1890s as a colonial railway settlement, taking its name from a water hole known to the Maasai people as Enkare Nairobi (\u201cCold Water\u201d). When the railhead arrived there in 1899, the British colonial capital of Ukamba province was transferred from Machakos (now Masaku) to the site, and in 1905 Nairobi became the capital of the British East Africa Protectorate . From about 1900 onward, when a small Indian bazaar was established at Nairobi, the city was also a trading centre. [PAR] As a governmental centre, Nairobi subsequently attracted a stream of migrants from rural Kenya that made it one of the largest cities in tropical Africa. It was declared a municipality in 1919 and was granted city status in 1954. When Kenya gained independence in 1963, Nairobi remained the capital. The new country\u2019s constitution expanded the city\u2019s municipal area; the enlarged municipality is an independent unit administered by the Nairobi City Council. [PAR] Street scenes in Nairobi, capital of Kenya. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Nairobi is the principal industrial centre of the country. The railways are the largest single industrial employer. Light-manufacturing industries produce beverages, cigarettes, and processed food. Tourism is also important. The city is located near eastern Africa\u2019s agricultural heartland, and a number of primary products are routed through Nairobi before being exported via Mombasa. Nairobi also plays an important role in the community of eastern African states; it is the headquarters of important regional railways, harbours, and airways corporations. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Nyeri [PAR] The city is well served by roads and railways. The main routes are southeast and south to Mombasa and Tanzania and northwest via the highlands to Lake Victoria and Uganda . Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, 9 miles (15 km) to the southwest, is one of the chief international airports in Africa. [PAR] Among the city\u2019s architectural landmarks are the Kenyatta International Conference Centre, the Parliament Building and city hall, the law courts , the Roman Catholic cathedral, and the Jamia Mosque. There is also a well-planned commercial centre. [PAR] The shining domes of Jamia Mosque, Nairobi. [PAR] \u00a9 Corbis [PAR] Nairobi is home to several educational institutions, including the University of Nairobi (founded in 1956 as the Royal Technical College of East Africa), Kenyatta University College (founded in 1972 as a constituent part of the University of Nairobi), Kenya Polytechnic University College (1961), and Kenya Institute of Administration (1961). Other institutions include the Kenya National Archives, the National Museum of Kenya (natural history), the McMillan Memorial Library, and the Kenya National Theatre. Nairobi National Park , a large reserve for numerous mammals, reptiles, and birds, is a popular tourist attraction. Pop. (1999) 2,143,254; (2009) 3,133,518. [PAR] Herd of male impalas (Aepyceros melampus) in Nairobi National Park, Kenya [PAR] James P. Rowan[DOC] [TLE] Nairobi is the capital of Kenya - best-country.com Nairobi is the capital of Kenya [PAR] Nairobi is the capital of Kenya [PAR] Nairobi is the capital of Kenya [PAR] Nairobi is the capital of Kenya [PAR] 592 [PAR] Nairobi /na\u026a\u02c8ro\u028abi/ is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sediment \u2013 What Is That Dirt In My Wine? | The Purple Caf\u00e9 ... Sediment \u2013 What Is That Dirt In My Wine? | The Purple Caf\u00e9 & Wine Bar Blog [PAR] Sediment \u2013 What Is That Dirt In My Wine? [PAR] Posted on December 4, 2009 by Purple Cafe [PAR] In a nutshell\u2026sediment is the term commonly used to describe the left over \u201clees\u201d or \u201cdregs\u201d in a bottle of wine. It is composed of residual yeast, grape seeds, and other particles that settle to the bottom of a vat of wine after fermentation and aging. Filtering the wines will take out almost all sediment, though these days, winemakers are leaving the wine unfiltered, believing it will increase depth and flavor. The lees produced during wine production are packed full of antioxidants. The lees of red wines consist of tannins and plant pigments precipitated around crystals of potassium tartrate. [PAR] To remove sediment before serving wine, simply decant the wine by pouring it slowly from the bottle into a decanter. Stop pouring when you start to see the wine sediment enter the neck of the bottle, and then allow the wine in the decanter to air out a little bit before pouring it into glasses. [PAR] Bottom line; do not be afraid of those particles in the bottom of your glass. They are all natural and healthy (especially if you don\u2019t mind chewing your wine a bit). And, if you find yourself with leftover wine with plenty of sediment, add it to your bath water as it is a natural skin softener.[DOC] [TLE] Sediment In Wine - Wine of the Month Club Sediment In Wine [PAR] Sediment In Wine [PAR] Some red wines throw sediment when the age, bad or good? [PAR] Though red and white wines are the result of the fermentation of sugar in a wine grape, the processes only parallel each other to a certain point. As well, a traditional Rose from let's say the south of France is a blend of red and white wine, a Rose like \"white\" Zinfandel is actually a red grape vinted like a white wine. Below are the basic processes of making both red and white wine. [PAR] Red Wines [PAR] The juice of most red grapes is white. Only by coming in contact with the skins can it change color. Otherwise it will come out like a white wine. In making red wine, grapes are passed through a \"crusher,\" a machine that de-stems the grapes and cracks their skins to allow the pulp to come in contact with the yeast. At this stage, the combination of skins, seeds, pulp and juice is called \"must.\" The must is then placed in a temperature-controlled fermenting tank where either a commercial yeast is added or the natural yeast is allowed to start fermentation. The pulp of the grape must stay in contact with the skins in order for it to pick up color. [PAR] When fermentation is completed the liquid is now technically wine. The mass of skins and seeds, called \"lees,\" settles to the bottom of the fermenter. The clear wine above the lees is then drawn from the fermenting tank until all of the clear wine has been removed and only the lees and pulp remain at the bottom. This is called racking and is how most red wines are clarified before bottling. The wine may be further clarified by passing it through a filter or by use of a fining agent such as beaten egg whites. Egg whites, being positively charged, attract the free-floating sediment, which is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angel Eyes (2001) - IMDb Angel Eyes (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Doctor Strange Confirmed to Appear in \u2018Thor: Ragnarok\u2019 [PAR] 7 hours ago [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A mysterious man is drawn to a feisty female police officer and a unusual relationship ensues, as not everything is as it seems. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 08 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 18 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 19 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 10 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Angel Eyes \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After running away fails, a terrified woman (Jennifer Lopez) empowers herself in order to battle her abusive husband (Billy Campbell). [PAR] Director: Michael Apted [PAR] A journalist investigates a series of murders near American-owned factories on the border of Juarez and El Paso. [PAR] Director: Gregory Nava [PAR] A senatorial candidate falls for a hotel maid, thinking she is a socialite when he sees her trying on a wealthy woman's dress. [PAR] Director: Wayne Wang [PAR] The love life of Charlotte is reduced to an endless string of disastrous blind dates, until she meets the perfect man, Kevin. Unfortunately, his merciless mother will do anything to destroy their relationship. [PAR] Director: Robert Luketic [PAR] The life story of Hector Lavoe who started the salsa movement in 1975 and brought it to the United States. [PAR] Director: Leon Ichaso [PAR] Mary Fiore is San Francisco's most successful supplier of romance and glamor. She knows all the tricks. She knows all the rules. But then she breaks the most important rule of all: she falls in love with the groom. [PAR] Director: Adam Shankman [PAR] A romantic comedy where a bored, overworked Estate Lawyer, upon first sight of a beautiful instructor, signs up for ballroom dancing lessons. [PAR] Director: Peter Chelsom [PAR] A woman conceives twins through artificial insemination, only to meet the man of her dreams on the very same day. [PAR] Director: Alan Poul [PAR] The true story of Selena Quintanilla-Perez, a Texas-born Tejano singer who rose from cult status to performing at the Astrodome, as well as having chart topping albums on the Latin music charts. [PAR] Director: Gregory Nava [PAR] Desperate to provide care for her daughter, down-on-her-luck Jean moves in with her father in-law from whom she is estranged. Through time, they learn to forgive each other and heal old wounds. [PAR] Director: Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m [PAR] The violent story about how a criminal lesbian, a tough-guy hit-man with a heart of gold, and a mentally challenged man came to be best friends through a hostage. [PAR] Director: Martin Brest [PAR] An FBI agent persuades a social worker, who is adept with a new experimental technology, to enter the mind of a comatose serial killer in order to learn where he has hidden his latest kidnap victim. [PAR] Director: Tarsem Singh [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabia - The Saudi Network King Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabia [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Born in the city of Riyadh, King Abdul Aziz Ibn Abdul Rahman Ibn Faisal Al Saud was brought up under the stringent care of his father. A group of contemporary scholars were assembled to teach him the fundamentals of Islam. He soon began to show an impressive array of qualities and talents, including shrewdness, courage, farsightedness and horsemanship. He was able to grasp both current and historical events. In 1891 and barely 12 years old, he traveled with his father, Imam Abdul Rahman Ibn Faisal Ibn Turki, to Kuwait. In ten years there, he acquired the necessary qualities of leadership and statesmanship. Consequently, hedecided to restore the rule of his forefathers, whatever the obstacles. A new epoch was launched when Abdul Aziz left Kuwait for Riyadh leading a small army of 60 men. This turned out to be \"the small force that vanquished a big one, by God's Will.\" [PAR] The conquest of Riyadh occurred on the 15th of January, 1902 (5th of Shawal, 1319 H). Yet this was only the beginning of the \"Jihad\" campaign of King Abdul Aziz. Saddened by disintegration and the state of anarchy, ignorance, poverty and disease in the Arabian peninsula, he resolved to unify the ranks of his nation under the banner \"There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah.\" [PAR] King Abdul Aziz Al Saud went on to unify the scattered parts and splintered tribes of the Arabian peninsula. He annexed Al Qasseem in 1904 (1322 H), Al Ahsa in 1913 (1331 H), Asir in 1916 (1334 H) and Hayel in 1921 (1340 H). He conquered Taif, and entered Makkah in 1924 (1343 H). When Jeddah was taken in 1925 (1344 H), the entire Hijaz Region submitted to his rule. Continuing his Jihad for 31 years, Abdul Aziz was gradually able to establish the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, declaring its founding on the 22nd of September 1932 (21st of Jumad Al Awal 1351 H). [PAR] Soon after establishing security in the Kingdom and uniting the peninsula's scattered regions and feuding tribes, King Abdul Aziz began to organize the State. He developed the administrative and organizational systems needed to function properly. He delegated the State's responsibilities and set up an organized government in the Hijaz upon its annexation. In 1926 (1344 H), he established the post of General Prosecutor in Hijaz, which was assumed by his son, Prince Faisal. In 1926 (1345 H) he set up the Saudi Shoura Council, also under the chairmanship of Prince Faisal. On the 30th of September 1931 (19th of Shaaban 1350 H), a special system was instituted: the Council of Deputies came into being under the chairmanship of Prince Faisal Ibn Abdul Aziz. [PAR] During these early stages of rule, King Abdul Aziz also established several ministries as an advance administrative organization, departing from the traditional administrative system of the First and Second Saudi States. The modern state established diplomatic relations in accordance with officially recognized political representation, including the appointment of ambassadors. [PAR] King Abdul Aziz Al Saud passed away in the city of Taif, in the Western Region, in 1953 (1372 H). His body was transferred to Riyadh, where he was buried with his Al Saud ancestors.[DOC] [TLE] King Abdul Aziz ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia - washingtonpost.com The first time a U.S. president met a Saudi King - The Washington Post [PAR] The first time a U.S. president met a Saudi King [PAR] The inside track on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wimbledon 2011: Results and Reaction from the Tournament ... Wimbledon 2011: Results and Reaction from the Tournament | Bleacher Report [PAR] Wimbledon 2011: Results and Reaction from the Tournament [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Clive Brunskill/Getty Images [PAR] 6 [PAR] Comments [PAR] The 2011 Wimbledon Championship is just around the corner. Actually, it is just around the weekend. [PAR] The two week tournament is slated to start at 7 am EST on Monday, June 20th, and will conclude with the gentlemen's final on Sunday, July 3rd. [PAR] Unless you are an amazingly hard-core tennis addict with ample amounts of free time, chances are you will miss some of the action. That is where we, and this slide show come in. [PAR] We are going to be here with you every step of the way. This slideshow will be updated at the conclusion of each day's action, and will be designed to bring you up to date on any of the men's or women's action that you may have missed. [PAR] We will start with the draw, and we aren't stopping until the tournament does. [PAR] Wimbledon Has a New King in Novak Djokovic in Wimbledon 7/3 News [PAR] Pool/Getty Images [PAR] Novak Djokovic continued his remarkable 2011 season Sunday with a dominating win over defending Wimbledon champion Rafael Nadal 6-4, 6-1, 1-6, 6-3. [PAR] It was Djokovic's third grand slam title, and his first at Wimbledon. In fact, it was his first tournament championship on any grass court. I guess we can say he saved the best for first. This was also the first time he had ever beaten Rafael Nadal in a Grand Slam event. [PAR] Just in case a Wimbledon victory wasn't enough for Djokovic he is also going to be the world's new No. 1 player on Monday. A well deserved ranking after an amazing year. [PAR] Djokovic was beside himself after the victory. He collapsed on the court and started eating the grass. It was definitely a unique celebration that seemed to even catch Djokovic by surprise. Here is Djokovic after the match as quoted by ESPN: [PAR] I felt like an animal. I wanted to see how it tastes. It tastes good. It came spontaneously, really. I didn't plan to do it. I didn't know what to do for my excitement and joy. [PAR] Djokovic let everyone know that he is not going to be content with just winning Wimbledon. Djokovic: [PAR] I want to win more Grand Slams. I will not definitely stop here, even though I have achieved (the) two biggest things [winning Wimbledon and becoming world No. 1] in my life in three days. [PAR] After his performance at Wimbledon, I don't think anyone will be surprised if he goes onto win many Grand Slam tournaments. He just better hope they don't test for grass. [PAR] Petra Kvitova Beats Maria Sharapova in Straight Sets to Win Wimbledon 7/2 News [PAR] Julian Finney/Getty Images [PAR] No. 8 Petra Kvitova was hardly the favorite in her final against No.5 Maria Sharapova . [PAR] As we've seen before in sports, pre-match expectations mean absolutely nothing when the match starts. Kvitova downed Sharapova in straight sets, 6-3, 6-4, to win her first grand slam. [PAR] This match drew comparisons to Sharapova's 2004 Wimbledon win, where she defeated heavily favored Serena Williams in the final. [PAR] Sharapova didn't play well in her final match, which was in stark contrast to her run to the finals, where she didn't drop a set. [PAR] Kvitova had a similar run, at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Gallipoli - World War I - HISTORY.com Battle of Gallipoli - World War I - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Gallipoli [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Gallipoli Campaign of 1915-16, also known as the Battle of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles Campaign, was an unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe to Russia during World War I. The campaign began with a failed naval attack by British and French ships on the Dardanelles Straits in February-March 1915 and continued with a major land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula on April 25, involving British and French troops as well as divisions of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC). Lack of sufficient intelligence and knowledge of the terrain, along with a fierce Turkish resistance, hampered the success of the invasion. By mid-October, Allied forces had suffered heavy casualties and had made little headway from their initial landing sites. Evacuation began in December 1915, and was completed early the following January. [PAR] Google [PAR] Launch of the Gallipoli Campaign [PAR] With World War I stalled on the Western Front by 1915, the Allied Powers were debating going on the offensive in another region of the conflict, rather than continuing with attacks in Belgium and France. Early that year, Russia\u2019s Grand Duke Nicholas appealed to Britain for aid in confronting a Turkish invasion in the Caucasus. (The Ottoman Empire had entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary, by November 1914.) In response, the Allies decided to launch a naval expedition to seize the Dardanelles Straits, a narrow passage connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara in northwestern Turkey. If successful, capture of the straits would allow the Allies to link up with the Russians in the Black Sea, where they could work together to knock Turkey out of the war. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In May 1915, Britain's First Sea Lord Admiral John Fisher resigned dramatically over the mishandling of the Gallipoli invasion by First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill. His political capital damaged by the debacle, the future prime minister later resigned his own position and accepted a commission to command an infantry battalion in France. [PAR] Spearheaded by the first lord of the British Admiralty, Winston Churchill (over the strong opposition of the First Sea Lord Admiral John Fisher, head of the British Navy), the naval attack on the Dardanelles began with a long-range bombardment by British and French battleships on February 19, 1915. Turkish forces abandoned their outer forts but met the approaching Allied minesweepers with heavy fire, stalling the advance. Under tremendous pressure to renew the attack, Admiral Sackville Carden, the British naval commander in the region, suffered a nervous collapse and was replaced by Vice-Admiral Sir John de Robeck. On March 18, 18 Allied battleships entered the straits; Turkish fire, including undetected mines, sank three of the ships and severely damaged three others. [PAR] Gallipoli Land Invasion Begins [PAR] In the wake of the failed naval attack, preparations began for largescale troop landings on the Gallipoli Peninsula. British War Secretary Lord Kitchener appointed General Ian Hamilton as commander of British forces for the operation; under his command, troops from Australia, New Zealand and the French colonies assembled with British forces on the Greek island of Lemnos. Meanwhile, the Turks boosted their defenses under the command of the German general Liman von Sanders, who began positioning Ottoman troops along the shore where he expected the landings would take place. On April 25, 1915, the Allies launched their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DAME NAOMI JAMES SINGLE HANDED SAILOR CLAIRE FRANCIS SIR ... DAME NAOMI JAMES SINGLE HANDED SAILOR CLAIRE FRANCIS SIR ALEC ROSE JOSHUA SLOCUM SOLO WORLD NAVIGATION SAILING ALONE AROUND THE WORLD [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Dame Naomi James is a yachtswoman and writer, born in New Zealand. After attending school in Rotorua, she worked as a hair stylist (1966\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd71) and language teacher (1972\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd4), before joining the crew of a charter yacht (1975\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd7). She became the first woman to sail solo around the world, and first woman solo around Cape Horn (Sep 1977\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdJun 1978) on her yacht Express Crusader. In 1980 she entered the Observer Transatlantic Race on Kriter Lady, winning the Ladies' Prize and achieving the women's record for a single-handed Atlantic crossing. In 1990 she was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame. Among her books are Woman Alone (1978), At Sea on Land (1981), and Courage at Sea (1987). [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Dame Naomi James DBE, (b. 2 March 1949) was the first woman to sail single-handed (ie. solo) around the world via Cape Horn. She finished her voyage around the globe on 8 June 1978 after 272 days, thus improving Sir Francis Chichester \u00ef\u00bf\u00bds solo round-the-world sailing record by two days. [PAR] [PAR] The New Zealand -born James sailed around the world aboard the 53 ft yacht Express Crusader. During her voyage, she once nearly lost her mast, capsized and had no radio for several weeks. Although she finished her voyage without a companion, she did not start it alone. A kitten named Boris accompanied her but went overboard during the voyage. [PAR] [PAR] Naomi James was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire in 1979 in recognition of her achievements. [PAR] [PAR] She gave up sailing in 1982 after winning the two thousand mile Round Britain Race with her husband Rob, because she suffered badly from sea sickness during that voyage (possibly augmented by morning sickness due to her pregnancy). The following year she lost her husband Robert, who fell overboard and drowned while sailing off Salcombe, Devon. [PAR] [PAR] Naomi James now lives in southern Ireland with her daughter, Lois, who was born after Dame Naomi's husband's death. [PAR] [PAR] BBC News Report 1978: Woman takes world sailing record [PAR] [PAR] Naomi James has broken the solo round-the-world sailing record by two days. Her 53 ft yacht Express Crusader crossed the finish line in Dartmouth at 0911 BST after almost nine months at sea. [PAR] [PAR] The 29-year-old also became the first woman to sail solo around the globe via Cape Horn - the classic \"Clipper Route\". A huge crowd of well-wishers and a Royal Marines band welcomed the New Zealand born Devonshire sailor home after her 27,000 mile (43,452 km) journey. [PAR] [PAR] Mrs James looked fit and relaxed as she stepped onto British soil for the first time in 272 days to be greeted by her husband, Rob. But she has had to endure weeks without a radio , the failure of her rigging during gales in the Southern Ocean and her boat capsizing. [PAR] [PAR] The record-breaking yachtswoman admitted she had thought about giving up her attempt when she lost her mast. In my mind was the thought: 'How can you go round the Horn with a ship that's not seaworthy?' - so I thought about turning back,\" she said. [PAR] [PAR] Mrs James said she was already planning to take part in a single-handed transatlantic race but was looking forward to a bath and a sleep first. \"For the past 10 days since the Azores it's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BLENHEIM PALACE - 1000434 | Historic England BLENHEIM PALACE - 1000434| Historic England [PAR] BLENHEIM PALACE [PAR] List Entry Summary [PAR] This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by English Heritage for its special historic interest. [PAR] Name: BLENHEIM PALACE [PAR] The garden or other land may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. [PAR] County: Oxfordshire [PAR] National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Grade: I [PAR] Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Legacy System Information [PAR] The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. [PAR] Legacy System: Parks and Gardens [PAR] UID: 1402 [PAR] Asset Groupings [PAR] This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. [PAR] List entry Description [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] Reasons for Designation [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] History [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] Details [PAR] A country mansion surrounded by an extensive and complex park and pleasure grounds, created from the medieval royal hunting park of Woodstock. Main phases early and mid C18 and early C20, with early C18 work by Henry Wise and John Vanbrugh, mid C18 work by Lancelot Brown and early C20 work by Achille Duchene. [PAR] NOTE This entry is a summary. Because of the complexity of this site, the standard Register entry format would convey neither an adequate description nor a satisfactory account of the development of the landscape. The user is advised to consult the references given below for more detailed accounts. Many Listed Buildings exist within the site, not all of which have been here referred to. Descriptions of these are to be found in the List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest produced by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport. [PAR] HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT [PAR] Henry I (1100-35) appears to have first enclosed the park at Woodstock at the beginning of the C12, it subsequently becoming an important royal hunting park. The park was focused on Woodstock Palace, a medieval hunting lodge of C12 origin, occupied by many monarchs and their spouses, who developed the buildings and surrounding gardens. [PAR] John Churchill, first Duke of Marlborough, was rewarded by Queen Anne in 1705 for his services in defeating the French in Europe, by the grant of the Royal Manor of Woodstock, given with the understanding that she would build him, at her own expense, a house to be called Blenheim (named after the 1704 victory at the battle of Blindheim, close to the Danube). The former royal hunting park was probably then in poor condition, and the remains of Woodstock Palace were pulled down (despite a letter from Sir John Vanbrugh (1709) to the Duchess pleading for its retention, on grounds of historical association, as an eyecatcher) and its gardens removed. [PAR] The new palace, built 1705-22, was designed, together with the monumental Grand Bridge over the little River Glyme, by Sir John Vanbrugh (assisted by Nicholas Hawksmoor), and was set within a great formal garden designed by Henry Wise (1653-1738), Queen Anne's Royal Gardener. Following the Duke's death in 1722, a formal canal scheme designed by Colonel Armstrong, his chief engineer, was implemented by the Duchess along the course of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anemoi - Greek Mythology Anemoi [PAR] Anemoi [PAR] See More Anemoi Pictures > [PAR] The Anemoi were the four wind gods in Greek mythology, each of them corresponding to one of the four cardinal directions (North, South, West, East) from which they came. They were the children of Aeolus , the Keeper of the Winds, and Eos , the Titan goddess of the dawn. The four gods were Boreas (North Wind), Notus (South Wind), Zephyrus (West Wind) and Eurus (East Wind). [PAR] Boreas was often described as a bearded old man with wings, who held a conch shell. He was closely associated with winter, as he was the bringer of cold and low temperatures. [PAR] Notus was linked to the hot wind that would blow after midsummer, causing the crops to burn and bringing the bad weather of late summer. [PAR] Eurus was considered to be an unlucky east wind, bringing rain and warm temperatures. [PAR] Zephyrus was thought to live in a cave in the region of Thrace, and was considered the gentlest wind of the four, closely linked to spring. It was also believed that he was responsible for the blooming of the lands. [PAR] Anemoi Is also called Venti."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flying Fox - Heavenly Sword Wiki - Wikia Flying Fox | Heavenly Sword Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Flying Fox is a high-ranking member in King Bohan's army, signifying a prolonged relationship between the two. This is evident in Nariko's first battle with him, in which he sends multiple waves of soldiers to handle the heroine, to no avail. It is later revealed that it was Flying Fox who murdered Kai's mother, as well as possibly her entire clan, prior to the events of Heavenly Sword. This is shown by Kai's reaction of horror upon seeing Flying Fox after retrieving the Heavenly Sword for Nariko. [PAR] Personality [PAR] Edit [PAR] Flying Fox is shown to have a chilling, almost psychopathic disregard for life. On multiple occasions througout the game, he is shown to have performed a heinous act of violence towards an innocent person: once in a flashback by Kai when he killed her mother, and another when he attempts to hang Kai during his and Nariko's second boss battle. Flying Fox appears to wield two identical curved swords, which appear to be the same as the ones on his back. He used said swords in multiple attacks, including to fly into the air in the first boss battle. He also possesses the ability to produce doppelgangers of himself, evident in the second boss battle . His motto is \"Style!\", proclaiming that Nariko does not have of enough it after their first encounter and promising to fight her again when she does. [PAR] Death [PAR] Edit [PAR] After escaping Nariko in the first battle between the two, Flying Fox runs into the heroine again, this time in his home, a large birdcage at the end of a long road in the mountains. As Nariko nears the cage, Fox proceeds to loop a noose around Kai's neck and hang her, much to Nariko's horror. Nariko flies into a rage, beating Flying Fox back in three different intervals of fighting. It is after the third period that Kai awakens, having been knocked unconscious by the hanging. She proceeds to raise her crossbow, at which point the player has a limited amount of time to shoot Flying Fox. If the shot is successful, an arrow will pierce Fox's skull. As he falls to his death, his final words are, \"Style. That had style...\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography - Dame Enid Muriel Lyons - Australian Dictionary ... Biography - Dame Enid Muriel Lyons - Australian Dictionary of Biography [PAR] Australian Dictionary of Biography [PAR] Tip: searches only the name field [PAR] Tip: Use double quotes to search for a phrase [PAR] This article was published in Australian Dictionary of Biography , Volume 18, (MUP), 2012 [PAR] Enid Lyons, c1950 [PAR] National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an10739657 [PAR] Dame Enid Muriel Lyons (1897-1981), politician, was, according to her birth certificate, born on 9 July 1897 at Duck River (Smithton), Tasmania, second of four children of William Burnell, sawyer, and his wife Eliza, n\u00e9e Taggett. Anne Henderson has raised the possibility that her real father may have been Aloysius Joyce, son of a wealthy landowner in the Burnie district. During her childhood William transferred from Lee\u2019s Mill to Glance Creek Mill and the family moved to Stowport. Enid and her two sisters walked two miles (3.2 km) each day to the local school, where Enid revealed an early dramatic talent in the school concert. Her parents were a strangely assorted pair: her mother, of Cornish Wesleyan stock, was sober, industrious and teetotal, her father 'a scoffer and a blasphemer' with a strong taste for alcohol. He was something of a 'swashbuckler', Enid recalled, on whom 'the yoke of matrimony rode uneasily'. There were long separations as her father pursued work around the timber mills. Later they moved to Cooee and Eliza opened a store and a post office. Enid attended the Burnie State School. [PAR] Ambitious for her children, Mrs Burnell had Enid taught elocution and encouraged her to perform whenever she had an audience. She urged her two elder daughters to continue their education at the Training College in Hobart and, visiting them there, took them to State parliament where the plump, fresh-faced, blue-eyed, 15-year-old Enid met Joseph Aloysius Lyons, Labor member for the State seat of Wilmot. In 1914 Joe Lyons became State treasurer and minister for education and Enid Burnell was posted to Burnie State School as a junior teacher. A decorous correspondence between the minister and the young teacher led to a proposal of marriage. Enid, an active member of the Methodist Church, acquiesced to Lyons\u2019s request that she receive instruction in the Catholic faith from Fr T. J. O\u2019Donnell, parish priest at Stanley, and she was received into the Catholic Church on 25 March 1915. They were married on 28 April at Wynyard; Joe was 35 and Enid 17 [PAR] Although the mother of six children by 1922, Enid played a leading part in Tasmanian election campaigns, talking politics, especially to women, in terms of 'pots and pans and children\u2019s shoes'. Joe Lyons became premier in 1923 and in the 1925 election Enid herself stood for the seat of Denison, losing by only sixty votes. She had conducted her campaign amid a whooping cough epidemic, which had attacked five of her children. Then her ten-month-old baby died of pneumonia. [PAR] After Lyons moved to the House of Representatives in 1929, as member for the Federal seat of Wilmot, Enid remained closely involved in his political career, albeit often at a distance as his work took him to Canberra and Melbourne and occasionally to their much-loved Home Hill at Devonport, Tasmania. She strongly advocated his break with the Australian Labor Party in 1931 and his subsequent involvement with the embryonic United Australia Party. While there was an element of ambition in her eagerness to encourage the move, she also felt a genuine concern about what she saw as a lack of probity in Labor\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pieniny National Park - natural treasure of Slovakia and ... Pieniny National Park - natural treasure of Slovakia and Poland - Travel and Visit [PAR] testdata May 30, 2013 0 Comments [PAR] Although Pieniny National Park may be the smallest of the national parks in Slovakia, this in no way diminishes its sheer beauty and idyllic yet rugged landscape. [PAR] The second oldest national park in Slovakia, Pieniny closely borders Poland and also has the majestic Dunajec River passing through. Each year a number of people come to visit this park, renting a raft to travel down and admire its beauty. [PAR] Photo by Hejma (+/- 4400 faves and 1,4 milion views) [PAR] Dunajec river, Pieniny National Park, Slovakia [PAR] Pieniny National Park was first established on January 16, 1957 and was 21 square kilometers in size. The forests in this park make up a total of nine square kilometers, and the rest is a combination of green meadows, fields, and pastures. [PAR] This type of unique landscape is representative of the entire Zamagurie region. There are a number of rare plant species which can be found throughout the park, as well as over 700 different species of butterfly. There are nearly 100 species of mollusks and over 200 species of vertebrae. [PAR] Photo by CS Travels [PAR] Pieniny National Park, \u2013 view from Poland to Slovakia [PAR] One of the most noteworthy attractions of this particular national park is Trzy Korony, which is the name given to the summit of the mountains in Pieniny, located on the Polish side of the park. [PAR] Those who take a raft down the Dunajec River can see the peak of these breathtaking mountains, though there are many people who travel to this park in order to climb up them to the very top. [PAR] These majestic mountains are built from limestone and truly complete the picturesque look which has attracted so many visitors from all over the world. Although Trzy Korony is not the tallest mountain in all of Pieniny, it is certainly an amazing sight to see in the area. [PAR] There are numerous points of access for those who wish to visit this park, including Stara Lubovna, Spisska Stara Ves, and Cerveny Klastor. You can also visit another park that is nearby \u2013 High Tatras National Park."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph Wiseman obituary | Film | The Guardian Joseph Wiseman obituary | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Joseph Wiseman obituary [PAR] Versatile character actor best remembered on screen as James Bond's adversary Dr No [PAR] \u2018I thought it might be just another grade-B Charlie Chan mystery,\u2019 said Wiseman of his role in Dr No. [PAR] Tuesday 20 October 2009 13.33 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 20 October 2009 13.33 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Despite the fact that Joseph Wiseman, who has died aged 91, appeared in dozens of movies and countless TV series and had only 20 minutes of screen time in Dr No (1962), it is for his performance in that film, as the eponymous adversary to James Bond in the first movie of the series, based on the books by Ian Fleming, that he will best be remembered. [PAR] Dressed in a white Nehru jacket with a pair of shiny black, prosthetic hands, the result of a \"misfortune\", Wiseman was cool and calculating as the half-German, half-Chinese arch enemy of 007, played by Sean Connery, and one of the most effective of Bond villains. Dr Julius No is a member of Spectre \u2013 the Special Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, Extortion. \"The four great cornerstones of power headed by the greatest brains in the world,\" he explains. \"Correction. Criminal brains,\" says Bond. \"A successful criminal brain is always superior. It has to be,\" retorts Dr No. [PAR] Wiseman was fortunate that No\u00ebl Coward, a friend and neighbour of Fleming's in Jamaica, where the film was set, turned the role down, saying, \"Doctor No? No. No. No.\" Of his most famous role, Wiseman said: \"I had no idea what I was letting myself in for. I had no idea it would achieve the success it did. I know nothing about mysteries. I don't take to them. As far as I was concerned, I thought it might be just another grade-B Charlie Chan mystery.\" [PAR] Wiseman was born in Montreal, Canada, and his family subsequently moved to the US. He started his acting career on stage in his late teens, making his Broadway debut as part of the ensemble in Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1938), with Raymond Massey in the title role. There followed parts in three plays by Maxwell Anderson: Journey to Jerusalem (1940), Candle in the Wind (1941) and Joan of Lorraine (1946), and he was the eunuch Mardian in Antony and Cleopatra (1947), directed by and starring Kathleen Cornell. [PAR] But it was his role on stage in Sidney Kingsley's Detective Story (1949) that launched his film career, during which he typically played slightly crazy off-beat characters. Wiseman, in a loud striped suit, was both sleazy and comic as the lowlife burglar, becoming hysterical when interrogated by overzealous policeman Ralph Bellamy. He repeated the role in William Wyler's 1951 film version, starring Kirk Douglas, without toning down his manic stage performance. [PAR] This coiled-up energy proved to be highly effective in Elia Kazan's Viva Zapata! (1952), in which he played the opportunistic journalist and agent provocateur who finally betrays Emiliano Zapata (Marlon Brando). He continued to steal scenes in two rather risible biblical epics, as an imposing priest in The Silver Chalice (1954), Paul Newman's debut picture, and as a wily beggar in The Prodigal (1955). Around the same time, Wiseman was able to reveal more of his talent on stage. He played Edmund to Louis Calhern's King Lear; the gangster Eddie Fuselli in a revival of Clifford Odets's Golden Boy (1952), and The Inquisitor in Jean Anouih's The Lark"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob the Builder - TV.com Bob the Builder - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Bob The Builder follows the adventures of Bob and his lovable gang of friends and machines \u00ad Scoop (a scooper), Muck (a dump truck), Lofty (a crane), Dizzy (a cement mixer), and Roley (a steam roller) \u00ad as they work together to solve problems. Along with Bob's business partner Wendy, his cat Pilchard, and wacky scarecrow Spud, Bob and his crew live in a unique and imaginative world. Theme Song- Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder Yes, we can! Scoop, Muck and Dizzy and Roly too Lofty and Wendy join the crew Bob and the gang have so much fun Working together, they get the job done Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder Yes, we can! Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder Yes, we can! Time to get busy, such a lot to do Building and fixing till it's good as new Bob and the gang make a really good sound Working all day till the sun goes down Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder Yes, we can! Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder Yes, we can! Digging and mixing, having so much fun Working together, they get the job done Can we dig it? Yes! Can we build it? Yes! Can we fix it? Yes! Bob the Builder (Yeah!) Bob the Builder All together now! Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder (Bob... Fantastic) Yes, we can! Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder Bob the Builder Can we fix it? Bob the Builder Yes, we can! We'd better get some work done! For over a year of Hiatus Bob the Builder is back with all new episodes on PBS Kids. Also new characters will be introduced to the show!moreless [PAR] Previously Aired Episode"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Character List - CliffsNotes Character List [PAR] Character List [PAR] Bookmark this page Manage My Reading List [PAR] David Copperfield He is the central character in the novel and tells the story of his life from birth to adulthood. David is a sensitive youth who first suffers under the cruel Murdstones and then is sent away to work in a wine warehouse. David first marries Dora Spenlow, an empty-headed young girl; afterward, he realizes how incompatible they really are. When Dora dies, he marries Agnes Wickfield and by the novel's end, he has matured into a successful writer and adult. [PAR] Clara Copperfield David's mother. She is an attractive, tender person, but impractical and emotional and easily taken in by Mr. Murdstone, who marries her because he is interested in her annuity. [PAR] Clara Peggotty The Copperfields' housekeeper, who also acts as David's nurse. She is a woman of intense loyalty and is David's only companion after his mother's death. Peggotty marries Barkis, the cart-driver, and continues throughout the novel to be David's friend. [PAR] Edward Murdstone David's stepfather. A dark, handsome man who cruelly beats David and slowly drives David's mother to an early death. [PAR] Jane Murdstone Mr. Murdstone's sister. She runs the Copperfield household and incessantly harasses David. [PAR] Mr. Barkis The driver of the horse-cart that travels between Yarmouth and David's home, He is a shy, quiet man who uses David as a messenger in his courtship of Peggotty. [PAR] Mr. Chillip The doctor who delivers David. He is an exceedingly mildmannered, frightened little man who is especially afraid of David's aunt, Betsey Trotwood. [PAR] Daniel Peggotty Clara Peggotty's brother and a Yarmouth fisherman. He is a warm-hearted man whose house is a refuge for anyone who needs help. [PAR] Ham Peggotty Mr. Peggotty's orphaned nephew. Ham, like his uncle, is a considerate, kindly person. He is in love with Em'ly and waits patiently for her after she runs away. He finally dies in an attempt to save Steerforth, Em'ly's seducer. [PAR] Little Em'ly Mr. Peggotty's orphaned niece. She is David's childhood sweetheart, but becomes engaged to Ham and later runs away with Steerforth. She is a quiet, compassionate young girl who wants to become a \"lady,\" a desire that leads to unhappiness. [PAR] Mrs. Gummidge The widow of Mr. Peggotty's partner. She constantly complains about her hardships, but when Em'ly runs away, she changes into a helpful, inspiring confidante of Mr. Peggotty. [PAR] Charles Mell A schoolmaster at the Salem House boarding school. A gentle friend and teacher of David. [PAR] Mr. Creakle The sadistic headmaster of the Salem House School. He is a fiery-faced man who enjoys flogging the boys with a cane. He later becomes a prison magistrate. [PAR] Mr. Tungay The assistant and cruel companion of Mr. Creakle. He has a wooden leg and repeats everything that Creakle says. [PAR] James Steerforth A spoiled young man whom David admires. He has a surface polish and the good manners that deceive people who do not know him. His true selfishness is shown when he deserts Em'ly, leaving her with his servant, Littimer. He is killed in a storm off Yarmouth along with Ham, who tries to save him. [PAR] Tommy Traddles David's friend. Of all the boys at the Salem House School, Traddies receives the most punishment. He is a good-natured, loyal friend to both David and Mr. Micawber. Traddles is persistent, and this quality helps him rise from his humble background to become a judge. [PAR] Wilkins Micawber A constantly impoverished, but always optimistic, gentleman who boards David during his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kramnik - World Chess Champion 2000-2007 - Official website Kramnik - World Chess Champion 2000-2007 - Official website [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Casual chat with Vladimir Kramnik after winning 2013 Chess World Cup Part I [PAR] Published on 03/09/2013. World Cup Champion Vladimir Kramnik sat down for a casual chat after winning the title in Troms\u00f8 - Part 1 [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Casual chat with Vladimir Kramnik after winning 2013 Chess World Cup Part II [PAR] Published on 03/09/2013. World Cup Champion Vladimir Kramnik sat down for a casual chat after winning the title in Troms\u00f8 - Part 2 [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Casual chat with Vladimir Kramnik after winning 2013 Chess World Cup Part IV [PAR] Published on 03/09/2013. World Cup Champion Vladimir Kramnik sat down for a casual chat after winning the title in Troms\u00f8 - Part 4 [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Vladimir Kramnik after Dortmund 2011 [PAR] On Sunday, July 31st 2011, after his last-round game against Nakamura, we spoke to Russian top grandmaster Vladimir Kramnik. The 10-time winner of the Sparkassen Chess Tournament. [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Vladimir Kramnik on his match against Levon Aronian and his Berlin Ending [PAR] Published on 04/05/2012. Vladimir Kramnik talks about his defence, his favorite Berlin Ending, against Levon Aronian's choice of 1.e4, in their friendly in Zurich in the last week of April. [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Interview with Vladimir Kramnik, winner of Univ\u00e9 Chess 2011 [PAR] Published on 23/10/2011, after winning the Crown Group of the Univ\u00e9 Chess Tournament 2011. This event took place October 16-22, 2011 in Hoogeveen, The Netherlands. [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Vladimir Kramnik on London 2012 [PAR] Published on 13/12/2012. A brief interview with Russian chess grandmaster Vladimir Kramnik, who looks back at the London Chess Classic where he finished second behind Magnus Carlsen. [PAR] Close [PAR] Svidler-Kramnik - World Blitz Championship 2010, Moscow R-7 [PAR] Kramnik plays Black against Svidler. No Petrov this time, let's play the Pirc! [PAR] Close [PAR] Kramnik-Grischuk - World Blitz Championship 2010, Moscow R-13 [PAR] Kramnik sacrifices a piece against Grischuk. Too early maybe? [PAR] Close [PAR] Kramnik-Nakamura - World Blitz Championship 2010, Moscow R-21 [PAR] Kramnik plays White against Nakamura. A promising position after the opening but, this is rapid! [PAR] Close [PAR] Carlsen vs Kramnik - World Blitz Championship 2010, Moscow R-22 [PAR] Kramnik plays Black against Carlsen. Another Pirc Defence, a very exciting game! [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Kasparov-Kramnik Match 15 - World Chess Championship Londres [PAR] Revivez en direct la 15\u00e8 partie Kasparov vs Kramnik \u00e0 Londres en 2000 pour le titre mondial. Commentaires de Eloi Relange et St\u00e9phane Laborde pour Diagonale TV.. [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Zurich Chess Challenge: Levon Aronian vs Vladimir Kramnik [PAR] Published on 29/04/2012. In the last week of April, 2012, the world's #2 and #3 chess players Levon Aronian (Armenia) and Vladimir Kramnik (Russia) faced each other in a 6-game, friendly match. The event was organized by the Zurich Chess Club, the oldest chess club in the world. [PAR] Close [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Istanbul Olympiad - the match USA-Russia [PAR] Published on 07/09/2012. USA wins a dramatic match over Russia at the Chess Olympiad in Istanbul, Turkey. The video focuses on the game on board one: Hikaru Nakamura vs Vladimir Kramnik. [PAR] Close"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heinz | Heinz Story Heinz | Heinz Story [PAR] Heinz Story [PAR] open menu [PAR] Heinz Story [PAR] The story of how Heinz came to be one of the world's best loved brands began over 140 years ago. Take a trip back with us, and find out how Henry J Heinz ensured his name would become associated with quality, variety and good taste by food lovers everywhere. [PAR] 1869 [PAR] In the beginning [PAR] Two young American businessmen, Henry J Heinz and L Clarence Noble, launch Heinz & Noble. Their first product is Henry's 'pure and superior' grated horseradish, bottled in clear glass to show its purity. The horseradish is grown on a garden patch given to Henry by his parents. [PAR] 1876 [PAR] The world's first taste of ketchup [PAR] Henry sets up business with two of his relations, launching F & J Heinz Company, with Henry as manager. In the US, they launch Heinz Tomato Ketchup followed by a launch in the UK in 1886. [PAR] 1886 [PAR] 'I think Mr Heinz, we will take the lot' [PAR] Henry sells his first products \u00ad 'seven varieties of our finest and newest goods' \u00ad to London's famous Fortnum & Mason food store. [PAR] 1896 [PAR] An historic train journey [PAR] Riding the New York railway he saw a poster for a shoe company advertising its 21 styles of shoe. He is taken with the ad and totting up the number of products that his company produced, settles on 57 - although there were more, even then! On that journey Heinz 57 Varieties was born. [PAR] 1910 [PAR] Heinz Cream of Tomato Soup was imported into the UK. [PAR] 1920s [PAR] UK production starts [PAR] Heinz is still exporting Baked Beans, Spaghetti and Tomato Ketchup to the UK from America and Canada. When production expands to the UK, 10,000 tonnes are produced here in the first year. [PAR] 1930s [PAR] You gotta talk the talk [PAR] Heinz salesmen are expected to be at least 6ft tall, impeccably dressed and particularly eloquent at promoting Heinz products. Their equipment \u00ad including chrome vacuum flasks, pickle forks and olive spears \u00adweighs about 30lbs! [PAR] 1931 [PAR] Hard times, good food [PAR] Howard Heinz, Henry's son, fights the big Depression by adding ready-to-serve soups and baby food to the Heinz range. Feeding families looking for value, taste and quality, they become top sellers [PAR] 1940s [PAR] What, no ketchup? [PAR] Because of the war, ingredients are in short supply. Heinz Tomato Ketchup does not appear on shelves in the UK from 1939 until 1948. What on earth did they do without it? Eat more Heinz Salad Cream, that's what. [PAR] 1944 [PAR] Beans for victory! [PAR] Because of its major contribution to wartime food production, our Harlesden factory is bombed at least twice. Production carries on regardless as Heinz is so vital to maintaining food resources. [PAR] 1951 [PAR] A right Royal result [PAR] The Royal Warrant is granted, and in 1954 granted again as Purveyors of Heinz Products to HM Queen Elizabeth II. [PAR] 1955 [PAR] Heinz goes on air for the first time [PAR] 'Heinz 57' varieties are advertised on the new ITV channel. Colour posters were also produced. The jingle went: 'Heinz 57, Heinz 57. You've a family to feed. Heinz have everything you need. Ready when you are, yes indeed. That's Heinz 57! [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Wigan goes bean bonkers [PAR] Heinz opens a Beans factory in Wigan on 21 May 1959. It uses 1,000 tonnes of dry beans every week. That's a lot of beans. [PAR] 1961"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Library of Knitting Stitches - Knitting Stitch Patterns Library of Knitting Stitches - Knitting Stitch Patterns [PAR] Search This Site [PAR] Knitting Stitch Patterns [PAR] Knitting Stitch Patterns, or combinations of knitting stitches, are a wonderful way to expand your knitting skills. There are hundreds of ways to combine just knits and purls to form different designs. They have been in use since people first began to knit. All knitting uses stitch patterns...even stockinette is considered to be stitch pattern. [PAR] So instead of knitting a sweater you can use a different stitch pattern instead, keeping in mind the stitch multiples needed for each pattern stitch. A multiple of 5 stitches means you should cast on any number of stitches that is divisible by 5. A multiple of 6 + 1 means you should cast on any number of stitches that is divisible by 6 plus 1 extra stitch. [PAR] Reversible stitch patterns look identical on both sides or sometimes one side is the opposite of the other. Because there is no wrong side, they are useful for projects where the wrong and ride side will show such as scarves, afghans and dish cloths. [PAR] See Knitting Abbreviations and the Glossary Of Knitting Terms for more help. [PAR] Also see the database of information on Barbara Walker's stitch pattern books . Both a text file and a spreadsheet are available. They include the stitch name, the number of stitches and rows required for the pattern, and other information.[DOC] [TLE] Knitting a scarf Knitting a scarf [PAR] Why Would You Ever Want to Pay For Knitting and Crochet Patterns or Lessons When You Can Get All That for Free? [PAR] Read this: [PAR] [PAR] We have some of the most skilled knitters and crocheters in the world posting patterns and techniques like you've never seen before. And some of them only post on our website and nowhere else, so you won't find these patterns anywhere else no matter how much time you spend searching! So keep reading. [PAR] Unlike other websites, we don't try to pitch specific brands of hooks or needles, yarn, or paid tutorials, while collecting sales commission. [PAR] Instead, we have other people, who are great knitters and crocheters, share with you what they know about knitting and crochet. What accessories they use, which yarn is the best for which type of project, which techniques work and which don't. [PAR] It's all completely unbiased. Our users simply have no reason to lie to you. They are people just like you. [PAR] And we provide a free platform for you and them to communicate. So you get to discover this information straight from the source, from people just like you, not from editors of some magazine or sales reps of some company. [PAR] This is what makes us different from other knitting websites out there that try to sell you something while claiming they are trying to help you. [PAR] If you are a beginner, intermediate, advanced, or a professional knitter or crocheter, then the benefits of signing up for our free weekly knitting e-mail newsletter are: [PAR] \u2022 We cover hand knitting, machine knitting, and crochet. [PAR] \u2022 Each week you'll be receiving new tips and techniques. [PAR] \u2022 Daily, you'll be receiving a knitting/crochet forum digest with the latest pictures, discussions and patterns. [PAR] \u2022 If you ever have a question or need help, you can always ask, and we'll cover your question in the following newsletter issue. [PAR] \u2022 Discover the fastest way to knit (and to crochet) a sock... while keeping the perfect"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Civil War Echoes: The Desert War I | Emerging Civil War Civil War Echoes: The Desert War I | Emerging Civil War [PAR] Emerging Civil War [PAR] Posted on January 11, 2016 by Chris Kolakowski [PAR] 75 years ago today, the German high command decided to send a contingent of German troops to North Africa to bolster Italian forces that had suffered a series of defeats at [PAR] the hands of the British. This contingent fell under the command of General Erwin Rommel, and was known as the Afrika Korps; later reinforcements grew Rommel\u2019s forces into Panzerarmee Afrika, which became one of the most famous formations of World War II. Rommel earned the nickname the \u201cDesert Fox\u201d in two years of back and forth battles across Libya and Egypt that are collectively known as the Desert War. [PAR] The Desert War contains echoes of the Civil War. [PAR] The Civil War echoes in the desert in two major ways. First, the German high command had studied the battles of the Army of the Potomac and Army of Northern Virginia in the 1930s, and passed along their lessons in mobile warfare among the senior officers. Rommel had read those studies, and put their lessons to use. His operations against more numerous British forces used flank attacks and mobility reminiscent of Stonewall Jackson\u2019s Foot Cavalry and the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. [PAR] (While Rommel definitely studied the Civil War, there is a persistent myth that he also toured the Virginia battlefields in the 1930s. Instead, German officers from the attach\u00e9\u2019s office in the Washington embassy visited the battlefields and then wrote up detailed reports and lessons for the General Staff and the German Army\u2019s schools. Rommel taught in various Army schools from 1934 to 1938, and would have reviewed these studies at that time.) [PAR] The second major Civil War echo is in the names of the British tanks that faced Rommel. Starting in November 1941, the United States provided increasing numbers of light and medium tanks to the British Eighth Army in North Africa. Officially these were known to the U.S. Army by their designations: M3 Light, M3 Medium, M4. The British assigned nicknames \u2013 significantly, reaching back to Civil War generals. The M3 Light became the Stuart (informally \u201cHoney\u201d), the M3 Medium was the Lee, while modified versions became Grant; and the M4 was the Sherman. These names stuck, and later in the war the U.S. Army officially adopted them. [PAR] Stuarts first fought Rommel during the fall of 1941 in Operation Crusader with mixed results. The Grant/Lee appearance at Gazala in May and June of 1942 jarred the Germans because of their superiority in gunpower and range. Shermans were the main armored spearhead of Eighth Army at El Alamein and on the march to Tunisia. [PAR] Top: British Shermans advance in the desert in late 1942. [PAR] Bottom Left: Rommel (center) with staff, summer 1942. [PAR] Bottom Right: A British Grant tank passes a knocked-out German Panzer I during the Battles for Gazala. [PAR] Far Bottom: General Bernard Law Montgomery directs the battle of El Alamein from a Grant tank, October 1942. Montgomery\u2019s command tank is today in the Imperial War Museum in London.[DOC] [TLE] Erwin Rommel | German field marshal | Britannica.com Erwin Rommel | German field marshal | Britannica.com [PAR] German field marshal [PAR] Alternative Titles: der W\u00fcstenfuchs, Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel, the Desert Fox [PAR] Erwin Rommel [PAR] Heidenheim an der Bretz, Germany [PAR] died [PAR] Hugo Sperrle [PAR] Erwin Rommel, in full Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel, byname the Desert"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All in the Family | Archive of American Television All in the Family | Archive of American Television [PAR] All in the Family [PAR] from the Museum of Broadcast Communications Encyclopedia of Television [PAR] For five years, All in the Family, which aired on CBS from 1971-1983 (in its last four seasons under the title Archie Bunker's Place ), was the top-rated show on American television, and the winner of four consecutive Emmy Awards as Outstanding Comedy Series. All in the Family was not only one of the most successful sitcoms in history, it was also one of the most important and influential series ever to air, for it ushered in a new era in American television characterized by programs that did not shy away from addressing controversial or socially relevant subject matters. [PAR] All in the Family's storylines centered on the domestic concerns of the Bunker household in Queens, New York. Family patriarch and breadwinner Archie Bunker ( Carroll O'Connor ) was a bigoted loading dock worker disturbed by the changes occurring in the American society he once knew. To Archie, gains by the \"Spades,\" \"Spics,\" or \"Hebes\" of America (as he referred to Blacks, Hispanics, and Jews, respectively), came at his expense and that of other lower middle class whites. Countering Archie's harsh demeanor was his sweet but flighty \"dingbat\" wife, Edith. Played by Jean Stapleton , Edith usually endured Archie's tirades in a manner meant to avoid confrontation. But that was hardly the case with Archie's live-in son-in-law Mike Stivic ( Rob Reiner ), a liberal college student who was married to the Bunkers' daughter, Gloria (Sally Struthers). The confrontations between Archie and Mike (\"Meathead\") served as the basis for much of All in the Family's comedy. As surely as Archie could be counted upon to be politically conservative and socially misguided, Mike was equally liberal and sensitive to the concerns of minorities and the oppressed, and, because both characters were extremely vocal in their viewpoints, heated conflict between the two was assured. [PAR] Producers Norman Lear and Alan (Bud) Yorkin brought All in the Family into being by obtaining the U.S. rights to the hit British comedy series, Till Death Us Do Part, which aired on the BBC in the mid-1960s and featured the character of bigoted dock worker Alf Garnett. Lear developed two pilots based on the concept for ABC, with O'Connor (Mickey Rooney had been Lear's first choice to play Archie) and Stapleton in the lead roles. But when ABC turned down the series, then known as Those Were the Days, it appeared that it would never get off the ground. Luckily for Lear and Yorkin, CBS President Robert D. Wood was in the market for new shows that would appeal to the more affluent, urban audience the network's entrenched lineup of top-rated but aging series failed to attract. As a result, CBS jettisoned highly rated programs like The Red Skelton Show and Green Acres in an effort to improve the demographic profile of its audiences, and All in the Family seemed a perfect, though risky, vehicle to put in their place. CBS therefore made a 13-episode commitment to air the series beginning in January 1971, as a midseason replacement. [PAR] The network had good reason to be wary of reaction to its new show. All in the Family seemed to revel in breaking prime time's previously unbreakable taboos. Archie's frequent diatribes laced with degrading racial and ethnic epithets, Mike and Gloria's obviously active sex life, the sounds of Archie's belching and of flushing toilets--all broke with sitcom convention. They also and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore - museumflorence.com Cathedral [PAR] Cathedral [PAR] Ticket [PAR] Cathedral [PAR] Santa Maria del Fiore, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, is the third largest church in the world (after St. Peter's in Rome and St. Paul's in London) and was the largest church in Europe when it was completed in the 15th century. It is 153 metres long, 90 metres wide at the crossing, and 90 metres high from the floor to the bottom of the lantern. The third and last cathedral of Florence, it was dedicated to Santa Maria del Fiore, the Virgin of the Flower, in 1412, a clear allusion to the lily, the symbol of the city of Florence. [PAR] It was built over the second cathedral, which early Christian Florence had dedicated to St. Reparata. [PAR] The numerous different styles that we encounter in the building bear witness to changing tastes over the long period of time that elapsed between its foundation and its completion. [PAR] The first stone of the fa\u00e7ade was laid on 8 September 1296 to a design by Arnolfo di Cambio. Arnolfo worked on the cathedral from 1296 to 1302, designing a basilica with classical volumes based on three broad aisles converging in a vast choir hosting the high altar, itself surrounded by tribunes subsequently crowned by a dome. [PAR] Arnolfo's design was substantially different from the church's current structure, as we can see from the outside. If we look at the northern and southern sides of the building, we will note that the first four windows on each side are lower, narrower and closer together than those to the east of them, which are part of an extension built by Francesco Talenti who was master of the works in the mid-14th century. [PAR] Arnolfo managed to complete two bays and half of the new fa\u00e7ade. His sculptures were to be removed to the Opera's Historical Museum in 1586 because Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici had ordered the construction of a new fa\u00e7ade. [PAR] Work on the building site slowed down when Arnolfo died in around 1310, only resuming for good in 1331 when the magistrates of the Arte della Lana, or Guild of Wool Manufacturers and Merchants, took over responsibility for the building. Giotto was appointed master of the works in 1334, devoting most of his time to the erection of the bell tower but he died three years later. His post was filled by Andrea Pisano until 1348, the year of the Black Death which slashed the city's population from 90,000 to 45,000. [PAR] Work continued, despite constant interruptions, until a competition was finally run in 1367. The competition was won by four architects and four painters, including Andrea di Bonaiuto, Benci and Andrea di Cione, Taddeo Gaddi and Neri di Fioravante. [PAR] Francesco Talenti held the post of master of the works from 1349 to 1359, completing the bell tower and preparing a new design with the assistance of Giovanni di Lapo Ghini (from 1360 to 1369). The nave was fully vaulted by 1378 and the side aisles by 1380. The tribunes, and possibly also the drum for the dome, were built between 1380 and 1421. [PAR] The marble cladding and the decoration of the side entrances continued apace in the meantime, leading to the erection of the Porta dei Canonici to the south and the Porta della Mandorla to the north, the latter being crowned by a relief of the Assumption of the Virgin (1414\u201321), a graceful work by Nanni di Banco. [PAR] The other two doors are no less"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Boat Race - The Full Wiki The Boat Race - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on The Boat Race [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] Encyclopedia [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Exhausted crews at the finish of the 2002 Boat Race. Cambridge are on the left of the picture. [PAR] The Boat Race, also known as the University Boat Race and The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, is a rowing race in England between the Oxford University Boat Club and the Cambridge University Boat Club , rowed between competing eights each spring on the Thames in London. Members of both teams are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a \" Blue Boat \", with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford dark blue. [PAR] The first race was in 1829 and it has been held annually since 1856, with the exception of the two world wars . The 2009 boat race took place on 29 March at 15:40 BST, with Oxford (on the Middlesex station) winning. [1] The next race is scheduled to start on Saturday, 3 April 2010 at 4.30pm. [2] [PAR] The event is a popular one, not only with the alumni of the universities, but also with rowers in general and the public. An estimated quarter of a million people watch the race live from the banks of the river, around seven to nine million people on TV in the UK, and an overseas audience estimated by the Boat Race Company at around 120 million, which would make this the most viewed single day sporting event in the world [3] however, other estimates [4] put the international audience below 20 million. [PAR] Having sponsored the event since 2005, the business process outsourcing company Xchanging became title sponsor in November 2009, so the 156th Race next April will be known as The Xchanging Boat Race. [5] [6] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Origin [PAR] The tradition was started in 1829 by Charles Merivale , a student at St John's College, Cambridge , and his schoolfriend Charles Wordsworth who was at Oxford. Cambridge challenged Oxford to a race in Henley. The second race occurred in 1836, with the venue moved to be from Westminster to Putney. Over the next couple of years, there was disagreement over where the race should be held, with Oxford preferring Henley and Cambridge preferring London. Cambridge therefore raced Leander Club in 1837 and 1838. Following the formation of the Oxford University Boat Club, racing between the two universities resumed and the tradition continues to the present day, with the loser challenging the winner to a re-match annually. [PAR] The race in 1877 was declared a dead heat. Legend in Oxford has it that the judge, \"Honest John\" Phelps, was asleep under a bush as the crews came by leading him to announce the result as a \"dead heat to Oxford by four feet\", but this is not borne out by contemporary reports. [PAR] Oxford, partially disabled, were making effort after effort to hold their rapidly waning lead, while Cambridge, who, curiously enough, had settled together again, and were rowing almost as one man, were putting on a magnificent spurt at 40 strokes to the minute, with a view of catching their opponents before reaching the winning-post. Thus struggling over the remaining portion of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shchi - Russian Cabbage Soup Recipe - Food.com Shchi - Russian Cabbage Soup Recipe - Food.com [PAR] Core and shred the green cabbage. [PAR] Peel and chop the garlic. [PAR] Peel and chop the potatoes into large chunks. [PAR] Peel and chop the onions. [PAR] Wash and chop the tomatoes. [PAR] Peel and dice the radishes. [PAR] Wash and slice the leek into thin circles. [PAR] Peel and grate the carrot. [PAR] Melt the butter in a large pot or pan. [PAR] Add garlic, onion, radish, leek and carrot. Saute on high heat approximately 5-10 minutes until vegetables have softened. [PAR] Add beef stock (vegetable stock or water) and bring to a boil. [PAR] Add green cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, bay leaves, black peppercorns, and caraway seed. [PAR] Reduce heat to low and cover. Simmer for approximately one hour or until all vegetables are done, stirring occasionally. [PAR] Remove and discard bay leaves. [PAR] Finely chop dill and/or parsley. [PAR] Ladle into bowls. [PAR] Add a dollop of sour cream (or smetana) on top and sprinkle with chopped dill and/or parsley. [PAR] Ideally, refrigerate after cooling and wait 1-2 days to serve as shchi is usually allowed to \"cure\" for a short time. In my opinion, it tastes great fresh or re-heated. Can also be served cold. [PAR] Pumpernickel or rye bread and butter make a great side. [PAR] Refrigerate any leftovers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Effie Crockett - Panjury, A Social Review Site Effie Crockett - Panjury, A Social Review Site [PAR] Effie Crockett [PAR] Unrated [PAR] Effie Crockett (1857 - January 7, 1940), also known as Effie I. Canning, also known as Effie C. Carlton, was an American actress. She is credited with having written and composed the lullaby \"Rock-a-bye Baby\"; by some accounts she created the song in 1872 while babysitting. Because of \"Rock-a-bye Baby\", she is credited in over 100 films, many made decades after her death. [PAR] ROCK-A-BYE, BABY was composed by Effie Crockett Canning in 1886. Her waltz-lullaby has been sung by millions of mothers. [PAR] Effie I Crockett, daughter of Edward and Jennie Crockett, was born 1856 in Rockland, Knox, Maine, and died 7 January 1940 in Waltham, Middlesex, MA. She married 1st 30 July 1881 in Boston, Suffolk, MA to John F. Canning, a Physician, son of John and Mary Canning, born Abt. 1843 in St. John, NB, Canada and died 22 June 1888 in Boston, Suffolk, MA. She married 2nd Abt. 1894 to Harry J. Carlton born Abt. July 1859 in Boston, Suffolk, MA, and died 21 January 1922 in Boston, Suffolk, MA. [PAR] Effie I (Crockett) Canning Carlton and her second husband Harry J. Carlton are buried at Mt. Feake Cemetery, 205 Prospect St, Waltham, Massachusetts. [PAR] You have scheduled to post after hours Cancel Edit [PAR] [PAR] Want more opinions on Effie Crockett? Request a verdict! [PAR] Verdict Requested [PAR] You can optionally ask questions in your request for the community to answer. [PAR] This entry currently has: 0 request. [PAR] [PAR] You may also be interested in [PAR] Connected Subjects [PAR] Tweets by @Panjury_update [PAR] Effie Crockett [PAR] Effie Crockett (1857 - January 7, 1940), also known as Effie I. Canning, also known as Effie C. Carlton, was an American actress. She is credited with having written and composed the lullaby \"Rock-a-bye Baby\"; by some accounts she created the song in 1872 while babysitting. Because of \"Rock-a-bye Baby\", she is credited in over 100 films, many made decades after her death. ROCK-A-BYE, BABY was composed by Effie Crockett Canning in 1886. Her waltz-lullaby has been sung by millions of mothers. Effie I Crockett, daughter of Edward and Jennie Crockett, was born 1856 in Rockland, Knox, Maine, and died 7 January 1940 in Waltham, Middlesex, MA. She married 1st 30 July 1881 in Boston, Suffolk, MA to John F. Canning, a Physician, son of John and Mary Canning, born Abt. 1843 in St. John, NB, Canada and died 22 June 1888 in Boston, Suffolk, MA. She married 2nd Abt. 1894 to Harry J. Carlton born Abt. July 1859 in Boston, Suffolk, MA, and died 21 January 1922 in Boston, Suffolk, MA. Effie I (Crockett) Canning Carlton and her second husband Harry J. Carlton are buried at Mt. Feake Cemetery, 205 Prospect St, Waltham, Massachusetts. [PAR] Book rating: 0 out of 100 with 0 ratings[DOC] [TLE] Effie Crockett : definition of Effie Crockett and synonyms ... Effie Crockett : definition of Effie Crockett and synonyms of Effie Crockett (English) [PAR] Stage actress , songwriter [PAR] Effie Crockett (1857 - January 7, 1940), also known as Effie I. Canning, also known as Effie C. Carlton, was an American actress. She is credited with having written and composed the lullaby \" Rock-a-bye Baby \"; [1] by some accounts she created the song in 1872 while babysitting. Because of \"Rock-a-bye Baby\", she is credited in over 100 films, many made decades after her death. [2] [PAR] ROCK-A-BYE, BABY was composed by Effie Crockett Canning in 1886. Her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of ... Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of Stroke | The Huffington Post [PAR] Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of Stroke [PAR] 04/08/2013 07:54 am ET | Updated Jun 08, 2013 [PAR] 12k [PAR] AP/The Huffington Post [PAR] The Associated Press reports that former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher has died of a stroke. The news was confirmed by her spokesman Lord Bell. [PAR] \"It is with great sadness that Mark and Carol Thatcher announced that their mother Baroness Thatcher died peacefully following a stroke this morning,\" Lord Tim Bell said , according to Reuters. [PAR] More from the Associated Press: [PAR] LONDON _ Love her or loathe her, one thing's beyond dispute: Margaret Thatcher transformed Britain. [PAR] The Iron Lady who ruled for 11 remarkable years imposed her will on a fractious, rundown nation _ breaking the unions, triumphing in a far-off war, and selling off state industries at a record pace. She left behind a leaner government and more prosperous nation by the time a mutiny ousted her from No. 10 Downing Street. [PAR] Thatcher\u2019s former spokesman, Tim Bell, said that the former prime minister had died Monday morning of a stroke. She was 87. [PAR] For admirers, Thatcher was a savior who rescued Britain from ruin and laid the groundwork for an extraordinary economic renaissance. For critics, she was a heartless tyrant who ushered in an era of greed that kicked the weak out onto the streets and let the rich become filthy rich. [PAR] \"Let us not kid ourselves, she was a very divisive figure,\" said Bernard Ingham, Thatcher's press secretary for her entire term. \"She was a real toughie. She was a patriot with a great love for this country, and she raised the standing of Britain abroad.\" [PAR] Thatcher was the first _ and still only _ female prime minister in Britain's history. But she often found feminists tiresome and was not above using her handbag as a prop to underline her swagger and power. A grocer's daughter, she rose to the top of Britain's snobbish hierarchy the hard way, and envisioned a classless society that rewarded hard work and determination. [PAR] She was a trailblazer who at first believed trailblazing impossible: Thatcher told the Liverpool Daily Post in 1974 that she did not think a woman would serve as party leader or prime minister during her lifetime. [PAR] But once in power, she never showed an ounce of doubt. [PAR] Thatcher could be intimidating to those working for her: [PAR] British diplomats sighed with relief on her first official visit to Washington D.C. as prime minister to find that she was relaxed enough to enjoy a glass of whiskey and a half-glass of wine during an embassy lunch, according to official documents. [PAR] Like her close friend and political ally Ronald Reagan, Thatcher seemed motivated by an unshakable belief that free markets would build a better country than reliance on a strong, central government. Another thing she shared with the American president: a tendency to reduce problems to their basics, choose a path, and follow it to the end, no matter what the opposition. [PAR] She formed a deep attachment to the man she called \"Ronnie\" _ some spoke of it as a schoolgirl crush. Still, she would not back down when she disagreed with him on important matters, even though the United States was the richer and vastly stronger partner in the so-called \"special relationship.\" [PAR] Thatcher was at her brashest when Britain was challenged. When"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Papaver Poppy, Annual Flower Information - backyardgardener PAPAVER Poppy, Annual Flower Information | Backyard Gardener - Gardening Information [PAR] PAPAVER Poppy, Annual Flower Information [PAR] Let\u2019s read about this Annual Flower [PAR] Press the Flower Child and see all the photos for this plant. [PAR] PAPAVER \u2013 Poppy [PAR] (Papaver, the old Latin name) [PAR] Why should we extol the Poppy? Why note It was the favorite of the old gardens; it is the same choice flower in the newest gardens today. Dancing upon long, wiry stems, the single blooms remind us of hoop-petticoats of silk. The doubles also delight us, as we watch them open day by day pouring forth a great mass of petalage as they break from their tight buds. The colors are exactly the tints most of us admire, and if there be any one of these colors we do not like, we can choose others, for most of our Poppies are sold under variety names. [PAR] There are two distinct types of annual Poppies: the Shirley is a form of the Corn Poppy, lately known as the Flanders Field Poppy. The Ranunculus-flowered sorts are double varieties of the Shirley type. (Papaver rhoeas.) The stems are slender and hairy; the flowers are single or semi-double and appear to be made of crinkled silk of the sheerest texture; the pepper-box seed capsules are small but filled with seed. [PAR] The stems of the Opium Poppy, Papaver somniferum, are smooth, glaucous, and thicker than those of the Shirley; the plants are taller; the flowers are larger, single, or completely double, and sometimes the petals are much fringed; and the seed capsules are large. Peony-flowered, Carnation-flowered and Tulip-flowered are some of the names applied to the various varieties of the Opium Poppy. [PAR] Where to Plant. Of course, Poppies are excellent in beds by themselves, or sown in the border, where some other flower has failed. Poppies are like good friends in the garden: they are not mere callers, nor guests who disappoint us. [PAR] Some persons believe that Poppies are not good cut flowers. Even a poet has written, [PAR] For pleasures are like Poppies spread; [PAR] You pluck the flower, its bloom is shed. [PAR] But the poet did not know that if he had plucked the Poppy in bud just before it had shed its green calyx, it would have lasted well in water. Poppies are exquisite cut flowers when cut properly. [PAR] Opium is obtained from the juice of the Poppy which coagulates upon the stems when they are injured. Harvesting of opium takes place about the middle of March. At the turn of the 20th Century, fresh opium was sold to merchants at the rate of fourteen Egyptian ounces to the rottle (rottle equals twelve English ounces). The merchants shape it into round disks, each weighing from two to three grams. These disks are brushed with the white of an egg to present a better appearance. Dry, pure opium is black-red, resembling cooked coffee. [PAR] On breaking it shows a soft, compact fracture. It is often adulterated with lentil flour or mixed with \u201cmor higasi,\u201d a gum from Hedjaz. Regarding Flanders\u2019 Poppy, the following note appeared in Gardening Illustrated (Eng.) [PAR] There can be little doubt that the variety is Papaver rhoeas, which, according to Loudon, was cultivated along with P. somniferum in Flanders and Germany for their seeds, which are bruised for an oil and in cookery as a substitute for that of Olives. The reason it was chosen for Remembrance Day was, possibly, from the fact that, as the two"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gregory Rasputin Russian monk - Age of the Sage Gregory Rasputin Russian monk [PAR] Site Map | Slide Shows | Guest Book | Links | About Us | Download Wisdoms | Support Us | [PAR] Gregory Efimovich - Rasputin [PAR] Grigory Efimovich, later known as Rasputin (a name which translates as \"The Debauchee\"), was born into a peasant family on January 10, 1869 (old calendar) at Pokrovskoye, a village located in the province of Tobolsk, Siberia. [PAR] Rasputin received no formal education and lived as a peasant. His marriage to Praskovia Federovna, celebrated in 1895, was followed by the birth of several children. In the early 1900s, Rasputin's commitment to his family waned in relation to the interest he now took in religion. He may even have adopted the views of the outlawed \"Khylysy\" sect which sought salvation through repentance and seems to have involved the commission of acts of sensual licence for which repentance was necessary. [PAR] He acquired a local reputation as a starets, or holy man, and his subsequent wanderings took him far outside Russia - as far indeed as the Athos Peninsula on the coasts of Greece and even as far as Jerusalem. [PAR] In 1905, during a visit to Saint Petersburg, then the site of the national capital, Rasputin met a theologian who was the head of a religious Academy and confessor to the Empress. He was presented at court through the patronage of high church officials and of a group of ladies who were influential at court. The Russian royal family had had a tradition of giving attention to holy men in order to seek their intervention in many ways including that of attempting to secure the birth of a male heir to the Russian throne. [PAR] Czar Nicholas noted the occasion in his diary on November 14, 1905: \"We have come to know a man of God, Gregory, from the province of Tobolsk.\" Some time thereafter Nicholas entrusted him with the office of imperial lampkeeper -- he was to tend the numerous lamps burning continuously before the highly valued palace icons at Tsarskoe Selo, a principal royal palace located close to Saint Petersburg. Rasputin made a deep impression on the Czarina (Empress) Alexandra Fyodorovna. He seemed, on several occasions, to be miraculously able to relieve the suffering of the dangerously, (life-threateningly so!!!), haemophiliac heir to the Russian throne, Alexis Nikolayevich, leading to his eventually becoming the most influential person in the imperial entourage. [PAR] Rasputin's influence was increasingly felt in Russian society, in the appointment of Bishops, even in politics. After 1911 many high government offices were filled by his appointees, most of whom were incompetent. World War I irrupted in 1914 and, in this conflict, the armies of the Russian Empire were deployed in opposition to those of the German and Austrian \"Central Powers.\" When Emperor Nicholas II went to the front to take personal command in the autumn of 1915 Rasputin became the decisive influence in the government, advising Alexandra on the conduct of internal affairs. [PAR] The armies of Russia did not fare well in the wars, the despair of the people arising out of hunger and disease as well as an appalling casualty rate led to murmerings against the Czarina as a \"German woman\" and against Rasputin \"The Dissolute\" her sinister advisor who was held to have indulged in many scandalous relationships with the ladies of the court and even with the Czarina herself. Rumors circulated that Rasputin was actually conspiring with the Central Powers to bring about a Russian defeat - he had become an object"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lyme disease. Borrelia burgdorferi infection. DermNet NZ Lyme disease | DermNet New Zealand [PAR] DermNet New Zealand [PAR] Author: Vanessa Ngan, Staff Writer, 2003. Updated by Dr Daniela Vanousova, Dermatologist, Czech Republic, March 2015. [PAR] What is Lyme disease? [PAR] Lyme disease is an infection caused by borrelia, a type of bacteria called a spirochaete. Lyme disease can affect any part of the body, most commonly skin, central nervous system, joints, heart, rarely eyes and liver. [PAR] Lyme disease is common in parts of the United States (particularly in Massachusetts) and in Europe, but is reported from many areas of the world. In New Zealand, cases have only been reported in people that have recently travelled from an endemic area. [PAR] Lyme disease is also called Lyme borreliosis. [PAR] What are the subtypes of Lyme disease? [PAR] There are different types of borrelia in each continent resulting in different forms of Lyme disease in North America and Europe. [PAR] In North America, the infection is due to the subspecies B burgdorferi sensu stricto and most often presents as: [PAR] Erythema migrans [PAR] Lyme arthritis [PAR] In Europe, the infection is due to the subspecies B burgdorferi sensu stricto, B afzelii and B garinii, and most often presents as: [PAR] Erythema migrans [PAR] Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (due to B afzelii) [PAR] Lyme neuroborreliosis [PAR] How do you catch borrelia infection? [PAR] Humans and animals are infected with the bacteria through hard-tick bites. The borrelia bacteria survive in the midgut of the ticks. The immature nymphs are most likely to transmit the infection. The ticks feed on infected animals and then on humans. [PAR] Ticks occur in high grass, brush, woodland and leafy forest. The main hosts for the ticks and borrelia are small to medium-sized animals in Europe and deer in North America. [PAR] In North America, the tick vectors are Ixodes scapularis, I pacificus, and 4 other tick species [PAR] In Europe and Asia, the tick vectors are I ricinus, I hexagonus, and I persulcatus [PAR] Who gets Lyme disease? [PAR] Lyme disease can affect children and adults. Infection most often occurs in forestry workers and in those who have been enjoying recreational activities in areas where ticks reside. [PAR] What happens after a tick bite? [PAR] Ticks can attach and feed in any part of the human body. The bite is painless. Because they are very tiny (just 2 mm in size) nymph bites are often overlooked. Borrelia are transmitted from the midgut of the infected tick to the attached skin when attachment lasts for 36\u201348 hours. [PAR] Several things can happen after being bitten by an infected tick. [PAR] The body's defence mechanisms can overwhelm and eliminate the infecting bacteria. [PAR] The bacteria can remain localised at the site of the bite and cause a localised skin infection. [PAR] The bacteria may disseminate via the blood and lymphatic system to other organs and cause a multisystem inflammatory disease. [PAR] Erythema chronicum migrans [PAR] What are the signs and symptoms? [PAR] The disease can basically be divided into 3 stages according to the extent of infection. [PAR] Stage [PAR] 3\u201333 days after tick bite [PAR] Erythema migrans [PAR] 'Flu-like illness with low-grade fever, chills, fatigue and joint pain [PAR] Borelial lymphocytoma \u2013 red to blue patch on the earlobe, nipple or scrotum, (common in childrem) [PAR] Early disseminated Lyme disease [PAR] Days to weeks after tick bite [PAR] Multiple eythema migrans, smaller than initial patch [PAR] Early neuroborreliosis [PAR] Facial or Bell palsy \u2013 one sided paralysis of the facial muscles (common in children) [PAR] Aseptic meningitis"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Merchandise - Video/DVD - OoCities Three disc set featuring The Untransmittable Lily Savage Show, The Live Show and Live & Outrageous. [PAR] DVD only. [PAR] Universal 824 606 0 11 [PAR] 27/11/06 [PAR] Most Haunted Live Volume 4 [PAR] Derek Acorah's last ever Most Haunted Live event played out in London's eerie East End, where the team followed in the footsteps of the world's most notorious serial killer - Jack the Ripper. With a special guest appearance by Paul, this was a Halloween never to forget. [PAR] DVD only. [PAR] 22/05/06 [PAR] Comic Aid [PAR] Shot live at the one off Comic Aid benefit gig at London\ufffds Carling Apollo \ufffd which sold out in just three and a half minutes of tickets being put on sale \ufffd the DVD features the entire uncut show for all those unfortunate enough to have missed out on tickets. [PAR] The 3 hour show sees Jonathan Ross, Jack Dee, Graham Norton, Julian Clary, and Lily Savage host a stellar comic line-up that includes; Lee Evans, Dawn French, Jimmy Carr, Ardal O\ufffdHanlon, Johnny Vegas, Bill Bailey, Bo\ufffd Selecta! star The Bear, Jo Brand, Jon Culshaw, Omid Djalili, Otis Lee Crenshaw, Eddie Izzard, The League Of Gentlemen with Miranda Richardson, Alistair McGowan, Dylan Moran, Dave Spikey, Simon Pegg & Jessica Stevenson. Psychological illusionist Derren Brown and international percussion sensation Stomp also present their own unique blend of stage entertainment. [PAR] Jack Dee said: \"We are hoping to raise enough money to prevent Sting having to write a song about it....PLEASE, PLEASE HELP!\" [PAR] DVD only. [PAR] 29/03/04 [PAR] The New Statesman Series 4 [PAR] Features all six episodes from the fourth series in 1992-1993. In 'Heil And Farewell', Paul Savage plays Marlene Dietrich. [PAR] Also available on DVD 13/10/2004. CCD9895. [PAR] 147 mins. [PAR] 03/09/01 [PAR] Lesley Garrett The Video [PAR] Featuring special guests Michael Ball, Lily Savage, Gary Barlow, Darcey Bussell, Bryn Terfel and many more. [PAR] \"I have just finished filming a TV series for the BBC, with a host of guest stars from all areas of music. For this video I have picked some of my favourite songs and performances from the series. I hope you enjoy the wonderfully varied programme, which includes such diverse moments as performing Gershwin with the outstanding opera star Bryn Terfel, singing 'Three Little Maids' with the multi-talented Patricia Hodge and the hilarious Lily Savage, being accompanied on the piano by the wonderful Gary Barlow and joining the very brave Michael Ball in his first performance of an operatic duet. I do hope you enjoy this musical extravaganza.\" [PAR] 60 mins. [PAR] BMG Video 74321 62293 3 [PAR] 1998 [PAR] The Live Show [PAR] She's back - Lily Savage, the blonde bombsite, is live from the Edinburgh Festival Theatre in the Lily Savage Show. [PAR] Filmed during her UK Autumn tour, The Lily Savage Show features the razor sharp wit and bottle-bleach glamour of Birkenhead's most famous star. The first live UK tour for four years, Lily Savage is still as outrageous as ever. Beware - this video is not for the faint hearted. [PAR] 67 mins. [PAR] [PAR] An Audience With Elton John [PAR] Join Elton John and his audience of international showbiz stars for an intimate evening of unforgettable entertainment. [PAR] A specially extended , exclusive and unbroadcastable version of this unique show. Featuring over 90 minutes of music and entertainment this programme includes outrageous, and previously unseen antics, questions and answers. [PAR] Celebrating 30 years as a top musical entertainer Elton John performs many of his greatest hits including, Don't Go Breaking My"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? - The Book Depository Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? : Edward Albee : 9780451218599 [PAR] Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? [PAR] Paperback [PAR] US$9.84 US$14.00 You save US$4.16 [PAR] Free delivery worldwide [PAR] Add to basket Add to wishlist [PAR] Description [PAR] Twelve times a week, answered Uta Hagen when asked how often she d like to play Martha in Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? In the same way, audiences and critics alike could not get enough of Edward Albee s masterful play. A dark comedy, it portrays husband and wife George and Martha in a searing night of dangerous fun and games. By the evening s end, a stunning, almost unbearable revelation provides a climax that has shocked audiences for years. With the play s razor-sharp dialogue and the stripping away of social pretense, Newsweek rightly foresaw Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? as a brilliantly original work of art an excoriating theatrical experience, surging with shocks of recognition and dramatic fire [that] will be igniting Broadway for some time to come. \" show more [PAR] Product details [PAR] 134.62 x 200.66 x 12.7mm | 226.8g [PAR] Publication date [PAR] New York, NY, United States [PAR] Language [PAR] Literary Studies: Plays & Playwrights [PAR] About Edward Albee [PAR] Edward Albee, the American dramatist, was born in 1928. He has written and directed some of the best plays in contemporary American theatre and three of his plays: A Delicate Balance, Seascape and Three Tall Women have received Pulitzer Prizes. His most famous play, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Play. His other plays include The Zoo Story, The Death of Bessie Smith, The Sandbox, The American Dream, Tiny Alice, All Over, Listening, The Lady from Dubuque, The Man Who Had Three Arms, Finding the Sun, Fragments, Marriage Play and The Lorca Play. show more [PAR] Review quote [PAR] Albee can be placed high among the important dramatists of the contemporary world theatre. New York Post An irreplaceable experience a crucial event in the birth of contemporary American theater! The Village Voice\" show more [PAR] Follow us[DOC] [TLE] Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? by Edward Albee ... Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? by Edward Albee | PenguinRandomHouse.com [PAR] Add to Cart [PAR] About Who\u2019s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? [PAR] \u201cTwelve times a week,\u201d answered Uta Hagen when asked how often she\u2019d like to play Martha in Who\u2019s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? In the same way, audiences and critics alike could not get enough of Edward Albee\u2019s masterful play. A dark comedy, it portrays husband and wife George and Martha in a searing night of dangerous fun and games. By the evening\u2019s end, a stunning, almost unbearable revelation provides a climax that has shocked audiences for years. With the play\u2019s razor-sharp dialogue and the stripping away of social pretense, Newsweek rightly foresaw Who\u2019s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? as \u201ca brilliantly original work of art\u2014an excoriating theatrical experience, surging with shocks of recognition and dramatic fire [that] will be igniting Broadway for some time to come.\u201d [PAR] About Who\u2019s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? [PAR] \u201cTwelve times a week,\u201d answered Uta Hagen, when asked how often she\u2019d like to play Martha in Who\u2019s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Like her, audiences and critics alike could not get enough of Edward Albee\u2019s masterful play. A dark comedy, it portrays husband and wife George and Martha in a searing night of dangerous fun and games. By the evening\u2019s end, a stunning, almost unbearable revelation provides a climax that has shocked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camp Nou FC Barcelona Stadium | Spain Travel Guide Camp Nou FC Barcelona Stadium | Spain Travel Guide [PAR] WhyGo \u00bb Spain \u00bb Things to Do \u00bb Camp Nou FC Barcelona Stadium [PAR] Camp Nou FC Barcelona Stadium [PAR] by Nellie on January 25, 2011 [PAR] by Nellie | January 25th, 2011 [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Camp Nou FC Barcelona Stadium is one of the most visited sports stadiums in Spain and is home to the legendary FC Barcelona. Having set the scene for the biggest football battles in Spain\u2019s sporting history, the stadium has hosted many major matches in the country, including two UEFA Champions League finals, the most recent being in 1999. It seats 99,354, making it the largest stadium in Europe. [PAR] As a tourist attraction, the Barcelona football stadium is also one of the essential things to do in Barcelona , especially ifyou\u2019re a huge football fan. European football is a staple of Spanish life and be it young, old, female or male, the entire city gets together to cheer their team on up football season. These days, football fever is flooding the streets of Spain ever since the national team emerged as the World Cup 2010 Champions . [PAR] Within the stadium, you\u2019ll find the FC Barcelona football club museum . This is the fourth most visited of the museums in Barcelona , thanks to the loyal following of FC Barcelona football team. With sporting artefacts from the club dating back 100 years, the museum not only gives a peek into modern day football world but also Spanish sporting history. To visit its museum, there are two types of admission fee. The first allows access to the museum and the pitch area of Camp Nou Barcelona Stadium. The second type of ticket includes guided tours of the changing rooms, press rooms, VIP lounge, and the pitch at ground level. You\u2019ll also get a chance to sit on the players benches and see what it\u2019s like to sit in the best seats of the stadium. [PAR] How to Watch a Match at Camp Nou: [PAR] It\u2019s no surprise that tickets to watch a major football match in the stadium are extremely pricey. For match tickets visit FC Barcelona tickets page where you can reserve them securely online. On game days, huge crowds usually gather outside of the stadium where giant screens are erected for the public. [PAR] How to Get There: [PAR] The Camp Nou Stadium is accessible by metro. From Barcelona city centre, you can get on the underground at Plaza Catalunya or at Liceu heading in the direction of Zona Universitaria. Alight at the metro station, Maria Cristina. [PAR] Photo Credit: Wikipedia[DOC] [TLE] Nou Camp Stadium | FC Barcelona Stadium Tours | Spanish ... Nou Camp Stadium | FC Barcelona Stadium Tours | Spanish Fiestas [PAR] Tweet [PAR] From 1922 to 1957 FC Barcelona were playing at a sports stadium called Les Corts. By the late 1940s it was clear that its 60,000 capacity wasn\u2019t sufficient to satisfy the demand for football in the Catalan capital. With no way of expanding this ground the club president, Joan Gamper, began preparing plans for a move away from Les Corts to a new stadium for the club. His vision became a reality in 1957 when Barcelona played their first match at the Camp Nou \u2013 in English we call it the Nou Camp \u2013 where the initial capacity was over 106,000. [PAR] Major redevelopment took place in preparation for the 1982 World Cup where almost 122,000 fans watched watched Belgium beat the holders Argentina in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Equinophobia - MedicineNet Definition of Equinophobia [PAR] Definition of Equinophobia [PAR] Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Slideshow [PAR] Equinophobia: An abnormal and persistent fear of horses. Sufferers of equinophobia experience undue anxiety even when a horse is known to be gentle and well trained. They usually avoid horses entirely rather than risk being kicked, bitten or thrown. They may also fear other hoofed animals such as ponies, donkeys and mules. [PAR] This type of phobia may be triggered by a fall from a horse (which is probably why it is said that, after a fall from a horse, one should get right back on). [PAR] \"Equinophobia\" is a hybrid word (one that is composed of roots from different languages). It is derived from the Latin \"equus\" (horse) and Greek \"phobos\" (fear). \"Equus\" also gives us the English words \"equoid\" and \"equine\" (resembling a horse). Talipes equinovarus is the common form of clubfoot in which the heel is elevated (like a horse's) and turned inward. [PAR] An alternate name for equinophobia is \"hippophobia,\" derived from the Greek \"hippos\" (horse) and \"phobos\" fear. \"Hippos\" has given us the English word \"hippodrome,\" the oval-shaped racecourses in ancient Greece and Rome where horse and chariot races took place. \"Hippodrome\" can also refer to any building or arena of the present or past designed for circuses, games and other entertainments. [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 6/9/2016[DOC] [TLE] Equinophobia - All About Counseling Equinophobia \u2013 Symptoms and Causes of Equinophia \u2013 Treatment [PAR] Share your stories and support others... [PAR] Equinophobia [PAR] Tweet [PAR] When it comes to riding horses, you must be aware of anything that could happen. Horses are large animals and are generally not considered dangerous; however, it is possible to fall off a horse which may result in harm. Whether it\u2019s riding them for leisure or competing with them, there are many people around the world who love horses. Yet there are many people who are very fearful of horses, as it is a real phobia that persists among the general population. [PAR] Equinophobia is the abnormal and persistent fear of horses. Those who have this phobia may experience extreme panic or anxiety at the thought of horses or being near them. Equinophobia can be debilitating and interfere with activities. [PAR] Symptoms of Equinophobia [PAR] Symptoms may arise any time someone thinks of a horse or is physically near a horse. Such symptoms include: [PAR] Feeling of terror [PAR] Feeling anxious next to a calm horse [PAR] Shortness of breath [PAR] Causes of Equinophobia [PAR] This phobia is most commonly caused by a negative or traumatic experience with a horse, usually during childhood. Many who are afraid of horses have been knocked off a horse, which may be why they say \u201cif you get kicked off a horse, jump right back on.\u201d Usually those who get kicked off horses will avoid them for a long period of time, and the fear of horses will gradually develop and increase over time. Media portrayals of horses and stallions add to the fear of horses. For example, there are movies that portray black stallions to be fierce, evil beings with beady red eyes. [PAR] Treatment of Equinophobia [PAR] There are several treatment options available for those suffering with equinophobia. It is recommended to seek treatment if you are unable to control your fear or if it interferes with your life. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most common therapies for people with certain phobias. This form of therapy focuses on your fears and why they exist. It seeks to change and challenge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Canterbury Tales - The British Library - bl.uk The Canterbury Tales - The British Library [PAR] Description [PAR] English [PAR] 'The Canterbury Tales' by Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1345-1400) was enormously popular in medieval England, with over 80 copies in existence from the 1500s. [PAR] Its popularity may be due to the fact that the tales were written in Middle English, a language that developed after the Norman invasion, after which those in power would have spoken French. [PAR] Chaucer was born in London, around 1345, into a well-connected family of wine-merchants. As a young teenager he was taken into an aristocratic household. Still in his teens, he fought in Edward III's army in France. During an attack on Rheims, Chaucer was taken prisoner, but released after a ransom was paid, in part by the king himself. [PAR] By 1367, he had entered royal service under the patronage of the king's son, the powerful John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. When the duke's wife died two years later, Chaucer composed the Book of the Duchess in her memory - his first known poem. [PAR] For the rest of his life, Chaucer's fortunes were tied to the political intrigues of court life. While John of Gaunt's influence was in the ascendant he did well, obtaining generous pensions and lucrative administrative appointments, such as Comptroller of the Custom and Subsidy of Wools, Hides and Woodfells. Diplomatic duties took him to France and Italy, where he became familiar with the works of Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio - authors who would inspire his own poetry. [PAR] When Edward III died in 1377, he was succeeded by his young grandson, Richard II. As the new king's uncle, John of Gaunt's authority grew stronger - much to the advantage of Chaucer, who reached the top of his public career when he became one of the two knights for the county of Kent in 1386. [PAR] But a turbulent power struggle between John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester would soon lead to a decline in Chaucer's circumstances. His last years were spent using his court connections to secure protection from his creditors as he waited for royal pensions to be paid. Chaucer died in 1400. [PAR] What is 'The Canterbury Tales' about? [PAR] Chaucer's long poem follows the journey of a group of pilgrims, 31 including Chaucer himself, from the Tabard Inn in Southwark to St Thomas \u00e0 Becket's shrine at Canterbury Cathedral. The host at the inn suggests each pilgrim tell two tales on the way out and two on the way home to help while away their time on the road. The best storyteller is to be rewarded with a free supper on their return. [PAR] This literary device gives Chaucer the opportunity to paint a series of vivid word portraits of a cross-section of his society, from a knight and prioress, to a carpenter and cook; a much-married wife of Bath, to a bawdy miller - an occupation regarded in Chaucer's day as shifty and dishonest. [PAR] Chaucer mixes satire and realism in lively characterisations of his pilgrims. The tone of their tales ranges from pious to comic, with humour veering between erudite wit and good honest vulgarity. Taken together, the tales offer a fascinating insight into English life during the late 14th century. [PAR] Chaucer's original plan was for over 100 stories, but only 24 were completed, some of which had already been written for earlier works. Their order varies in different surviving copies, the Hengwrt manuscript being valued most for its accuracy. [PAR] Why was Chaucer important?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Never Say Never Again (1983) - IMDb Never Say Never Again (1983) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Never Say Never Again ( 1983 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] A SPECTRE agent has stolen two American nuclear warheads, and James Bond must find their targets before they are detonated. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Irvin Kershner [PAR] Writers: [PAR] Kevin McClory (based on an original story by), Jack Whittingham (based on an original story by) | 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 09 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 26 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 09 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 10 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: Never Say Never Again (1983) [PAR] 6.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] An investigation of a horse-racing scam leads 007 to a mad industrialist who plans to create a worldwide microchip monopoly by destroying California's Silicon Valley. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond is living on the edge to stop an evil arms dealer from starting another world war. Bond crosses all seven continents in order to stop the evil Whitaker and General Koskov. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Edit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] bitterling | fish | Britannica.com bitterling | fish | Britannica.com [PAR] Bitterling [PAR] rasbora [PAR] Bitterling, (Rhodeus), any of several small, carplike fish of the family Cyprinidae noted for their unusual manner of breeding. Native to clear, stony streams of central and southern Europe, the bitterling is a silvery fish of little economic value, about 5 to 7.5 centimetres (2 to 3 inches) long. It spawns between April and June. At this time, the male develops an orange belly and reddish fins, while the female develops a long, tubular ovipositor, which inserts into the incurrent respiratory siphon of a freshwater clam or mussel and by which she deposits her eggs in the gill chamber of the mollusk. There, they are fertilized by sperm ejected by the nearby male and drawn by the mollusk into the gill chamber along with water for respiration. [PAR] Male bitterling (Rhodeus). [PAR] \u00a9 hadot/Fotolia [PAR] The eggs develop in the gill chamber of the mollusk, and the young bitterlings leave their host about a month later. The breeding periods of fish and mollusk coincide, and the mollusk in return throws off its larvae onto the bitterling, where they undergo part of their development encysted (buried) in the skin of the fish. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in ostariophysan: Breeding [PAR] ...leaves (or, in captivity, of aquarium covers), to which she clings, joined by the male, during egg deposition. The parents then splash water on the fertilized eggs during development. The female bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus) deposits its eggs in the gill cavity of freshwater mussels by means of an elongated ovipositor, which she inserts into the mussel\u2019s incurrent siphon. Catfishes... [PAR] 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] breeding in fishes (in ostariophysan: Breeding ) [PAR] External Links [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: May 27, 1999 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/animal/bitterling [PAR] Access Date: January 16, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Absurd Creature of the Week: This Crafty Fish ... - WIRED Absurd Creature of the Week: This Crafty Fish Turns Mussels Into Its Surrogate Parents | WIRED [PAR] Absurd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jools Holland | Official Web Site Jools Holland | Official Web Site [PAR] [PAR] January 12th: Jools at EBBA 2017 [PAR] The winners of the 2017 European Border Breakers Awards (EBBA), the European music awards for emerging artists, were honoured last night at the Eurosonic Noorderslag festival in the Dutch city of Groningen, in a ceremony hosted by Jools Holland. [PAR] Dua Lipa, a singer-songwriter from London, came out as the big winner of the evening, taking away the Public Choice Award by an overwhelming number of online voters. [PAR] Above: Public Choice Award winner Dua Lipa. [PAR] Photo: Ben Houdijk. [PAR] The EBBA show also featured outstanding performances by all 2017 winners: Alan Walker; Jaakko Eino Kalevi; Namika; Hinds; Filous; Jain; Dua Lipa; Natalie La Rose; and Walking on Cars. Also, an EBBA was awarded to Era Istrefi. [PAR] In the upcoming year the EBBA TV show will be broadcasted by several European public channels. Parts of the show can be watched through the YouTube channel of EBBA here . [PAR] The EBBA are funded under the European Union's (EU) Creative Europe programme. View more photos from last night's event here . [PAR] December 31st: Join Jools tonight [PAR] Airing at 11.20pm on BBC Two, Jools' Annual Hootenanny will feature Chaka Khan, Christine and the Queens, Roy Wood, Rag'n'Bone Man, Gregory Porter, ABC, Seasick Steve, Dr. John Cooper Clarke & Hugh Cornwell, Caravan Palace, along with Ali Campbell, Astro and Mickey from UB40, Imelda May, Ruby Turner, and the Pipes and Drums of the 1st Battalion Scots Guards. [PAR] December 23rd: Silent Night [PAR] Wishing you all a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. [PAR] December 22nd: The Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, Deptford, London [PAR] Jools visited on Tuesday 13th December and, in the video above, talks about and illustrates four pieces from his new album Piano and what inspired them: Christabel, Grand Hotel, Last Date, and Romantic Ruin. [PAR] They are being interpreted by contemporary dancers from the Laban Building: David Kam, Verena Schneider, Luke Birch, Samuel Baskett, Georgia Brown, Sean Murray, Viva Foster, Osian Meilir, and Sylvia Ferreira. [PAR] December 19th: Breakfast with BBC One [PAR] Jools will be visiting the BBC Breakfast studios tomorrow morning to talk about his album and love of the piano. Tune in from 8.30am. [PAR] December 16th: Jools Holland at Loose Ends [PAR] Jools will be chatting to Clive Anderson about his relationship with the piano and performing a selection of pieces from his new album, Piano , on BBC Radio Four from 6.15pm on Saturday 17th December. [PAR] December 13th: Jools on TV this morning [PAR] Jools at the piano with Lord Andrew Lloyd Webber, Piers Morgan and Susanna Reid. [PAR] Photo: Ken McKay-ITV-rex-shutterstock. [PAR] Jools was interviewed on ITV's Good Morning Britain, where he also played a track from his new album Piano . [PAR] December 2nd: Jools on Jazz FM tomorrow [PAR] Tune into Jazz FM between 10.00am and 2.00pm tomorrow to hear an interview with Jools, two live tracks, and two tracks from the new album. [PAR] December 2nd: Jools' New Album Released Today [PAR] [PAR] Jools' brand-new 2016 release is an album centred around his 50-year relationship with the Piano, exploring different piano styles and performed on a variety of pianos. [PAR] The all-instrumental album has been released through East West Records. [PAR] This record features eight of Jools' original compositions as well as 10 carefully selected pieces interpreting the work of the pianists and composers that he loves. [PAR] It opens with Jools' own May, a unique field recording"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nineteen Eighty-Four - Wikiquote Nineteen Eighty-Four - Wikiquote [PAR] Nineteen Eighty-Four [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone \u2014 to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone: From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, from the age of Big Brother, from the age of doublethink \u2014 greetings! [PAR] BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU [PAR] Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian novel by the English writer George Orwell , published in 1949. The story, which focuses on the life of Winston Smith, was Orwell's vision of a totalitarian state which has absolute control over every action and thought of its people through propaganda, secrecy, constant surveillance, and harsh punishment. In some editions it is retitled 1984. [PAR] See also: [PAR] Part One[ edit ] [PAR] The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in. Within thirty seconds any pretence was always unnecessary. [PAR] BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. [PAR] The instrument (the telescreen it was called) could be dimmed, but there was no way of shutting it off completely. [PAR] DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER [PAR] DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER [PAR] DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER [PAR] The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education and the fine arts. The Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war. The Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order. And the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. [PAR] The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in. Within thirty seconds any pretence was always unnecessary. A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against one's will into a grimacing, screaming lunatic. And yet the rage that one felt was an abstract, undirected emotion which could be switched from one object to another like the flame of a blowlamp. [PAR] Then the face of Big Brother faded away again and instead the three slogans of the Party stood out in bold capitals: [PAR] WAR IS PEACE [PAR] FREEDOM IS SLAVERY [PAR] IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH [PAR] Whether he went on with the diary, or whether he did not go on with it, made no difference. The Thought Police would get him just the same. He had committed\u2014 would still have committed, even if he had never set pen to paper\u2014 the essential crime that contained all others in itself. Thoughtcrime , they called it. Thoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed forever. You might dodge successfully for a while, even for years, but sooner or later they were bound to get you. [PAR] It was always at night\u2014the arrests invariably happened at night. The sudden jerk out of sleep, the rough hand shaking your shoulder, the lights glaring in your eyes, the ring of hard faces round the bed. In the vast majority of cases there was no trial, no report of the arrest. People simply disappeared, always during the night. Your name was removed from the registers, every record of everything you had ever done was wiped out, your one-time existence was denied and then forgotten. You were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games | Olympics at Sports ... 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games [PAR] Host City: Salt Lake City, United States (February 9, 2002 to February 24, 2002) [PAR] Opening Ceremony: February 8, 2002 (opened by President George W. Bush) [PAR] Lighter of the Olympic Flame: 1980 USA Olympic Men's Ice Hockey Team [PAR] Taker of the Olympic Oath: Jim Shea, Jr. (athlete) [PAR] Closing Ceremony: February 24, 2002 [PAR] Events: 78 in 15 sports [PAR] Participants: 2,399 (1,513 men and 886 women) from 77 countries [PAR] Youngest Participant: [PAR] Ana Jelu\u0161i\u0107 (15 years, 55 days) [PAR] Oldest Participant: [PAR] Anne Abernathy (48 years, 307 days) [PAR] Most Medals (Athlete): [PAR] Germany (36 medals) [PAR] Overview [PAR] The roller coaster saga of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games began when Salt Lake City was selected as the host city at the 1995 IOC Session. Salt Lake City had bid for 1998 but lost out to Nagano, and its 2002 bid was so strong that the IOC needed only one round of voting to award the Utah city the bid, almost by acclamation. It was the first high for the city with Mormon ties, but the bottom of the coaster loomed ahead. [PAR] \u00bb Click to show/hide rest of overview [PAR] Over the next few years Salt Lake City Organizing Committee did its work with few problems. The stock market was booming and sponsorship money flowed into the Committee. But on 24 November 1998, Salt Lake City television station KTVX reported that the Salt Lake Olympic Organizing Committee (SLOC) had been paying for Sonia Essomba, daughter of an IOC Member, to attend American University in Washington. Things were no longer well with the 19th Olympic Winter Games. [PAR] That report led to the Olympic Scandal of 1999, which led to many reforms within the IOC and among its members. But Salt Lake City was implicated as being responsible, as their Bid Committee was shown to have showered IOC Members with their largesse, much of it, if not in contravention of IOC rules, at least pushing the envelope of those rules. The Bid Committee members noted that they were playing the same Games as other bid cities \u2013 that they had done nothing that the other candidates had not done. But the damage was real. [PAR] Bid Committee kingpins Tom Welch and Dave Johnson had moved into leadership positions within the Organizing Committee but were forced to withdraw, and eventually the Federal Department of Justice brought indictments against both men. The indictments were later thrown out by a judge, but an appeal is ongoing. The man who replaced Welch as President and CEO of the Organizing Committee was Frank Joklik, but when it was revealed that he had had close affiliations with the Bid Committee, he was tainted by association, and resigned of his own accord. [PAR] The Olympic Winter Games were only two years away and without leadership. Worse still was that several sponsors were making noises about withdrawing financial support, threatening a fiscal disaster. And as the stock market in 1999-2000 began to fall from its raging bull status, new money to support the Salt Lake Olympics was not easily found. The Salt Lake City Organizing Committee reached out to Mitt Romney as their new chief. Romney was the son of George Romney, a former US Presidential candidate, and he was a financial wizard, having made a fortune as the leader of Bain Capital, a venture capital firm. He quickly righted the ship and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Emperor's New Clothes: Tales of type 1620 The Emperor's New Clothes: Tales of type 1620 [PAR] The Emperor's New Clothes [PAR] The Emperor's New Clothes [PAR] Denmark [PAR] Many years ago there lived an emperor who loved beautiful new clothes so much that he spent all his money on being finely dressed. His only interest was in going to the theater or in riding about in his carriage where he could show off his new clothes. He had a different costume for every hour of the day. Indeed, where it was said of other kings that they were at court, it could only be said of him that he was in his dressing room! [PAR] One day two swindlers came to the emperor's city. They said that they were weavers, claiming that they knew how to make the finest cloth imaginable. Not only were the colors and the patterns extraordinarily beautiful, but in addition, this material had the amazing property that it was to be invisible to anyone who was incompetent or stupid. [PAR] \"It would be wonderful to have clothes made from that cloth,\" thought the emperor. \"Then I would know which of my men are unfit for their positions, and I'd also be able to tell clever people from stupid ones.\" So he immediately gave the two swindlers a great sum of money to weave their cloth for him. [PAR] They set up their looms and pretended to go to work, although there was nothing at all on the looms. They asked for the finest silk and the purest gold, all of which they hid away, continuing to work on the empty looms, often late into the night. [PAR] \"I would really like to know how they are coming with the cloth!\" thought the emperor, but he was a bit uneasy when he recalled that anyone who was unfit for his position or stupid would not be able to see the material. Of course, he himself had nothing to fear, but still he decided to send someone else to see how the work was progressing. [PAR] \"I'll send my honest old minister to the weavers,\" thought the emperor. He's the best one to see how the material is coming. He is very sensible, and no one is more worthy of his position than he. [PAR] So the good old minister went into the hall where the two swindlers sat working at their empty looms. \"Goodness!\" thought the old minister, opening his eyes wide. \"I cannot see a thing!\" But he did not say so. [PAR] The two swindlers invited him to step closer, asking him if it wasn't a beautiful design and if the colors weren't magnificent. They pointed to the empty loom, and the poor old minister opened his eyes wider and wider. He still could see nothing, for nothing was there. \"Gracious\" he thought. \"Is it possible that I am stupid? I have never thought so. Am I unfit for my position? No one must know this. No, it will never do for me to say that I was unable to see the material.\" [PAR] \"You aren't saying anything!\" said one of the weavers. [PAR] \"Oh, it is magnificent! The very best!\" said the old minister, peering through his glasses. \"This pattern and these colors! Yes, I'll tell the emperor that I am very satisfied with it!\" [PAR] \"That makes us happy!\" said the two weavers, and they called the colors and the unusual pattern by name. The old minister listened closely so that he would be able say the same things when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry VII of England - geni family tree King Henry Tudor, King of England (1457 - 1509) - Genealogy [PAR] King Henry Tudor, King of England [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] \"Harri Tudur\", \"King of England\", \"Harry (King Henry VII of England)\" [PAR] Birthdate: [PAR] in Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, London, England [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] Half brother of Isabella Stanley and Ann Barton [PAR] Occupation: [PAR] Feb 6 1457 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 1 1509 - Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Queen of England Elizabeth Tudor (born Plantagenet) [PAR] Children: [PAR] Feb 6 1457 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 1 1509 - Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Queen of England Elizabeth Tudor (born Plantagenet) [PAR] Children: [PAR] Feb 6 1457 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 1 1509 - Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Queen of England Elizabeth Tudor (born Plantagenet) [PAR] Children: [PAR] Jan 28 1457 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 22 1509 - Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Edmund Tudor, Lady Margaret Tudor [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Elizabeth of England [PAR] Children: [PAR] Henry of England, VIII, Margaret Tudor, Katherine Tudor, Elizabeth Tudor, Edmund Somerset Tudor, Arthur Tudor, Roland Tudor, Mary Rose Tudor [PAR] Feb 7 1547 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] Between Jan 11 1509 and Jan 10 1510 - England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Feb 7 1547 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] Between Jan 11 1509 and Jan 10 1510 - England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Jan 29 1456 - Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 1 1509 - Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Feb 7 1547 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] Between Jan 11 1509 and Jan 10 1510 [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Elisabeth of York [PAR] Children: [PAR] Between Jan 10 1457 and Jan 9 1458 [PAR] Death: [PAR] Between Jan 11 1509 and Jan 10 1510 [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Elizabeth Tudor (born of York) [PAR] Children: [PAR] Feb 6 1457 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 2 1509 - Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Feb 6 1457 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 1 1509 - Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Feb 6 1457 - Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Death: [PAR] May 1 1509 - Richmond, Surrey, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] mother [PAR] About Henry VII of England [PAR] \"Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 \u2013 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor. [PAR] Henry won the throne when his forces defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. Henry cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III. Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. He founded the Tudor dynasty and, after a reign of nearly 24 years, was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. [PAR] Although Henry can be credited with the restoration of political stability in England, and a number of commendable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spiro T. Agnew | vice president of United States ... Spiro Agnew | vice president of United States | Britannica.com [PAR] vice president of United States [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Alternative Titles: Spiro T. Agnew, Spiro Theodore Agnew [PAR] Spiro Agnew [PAR] Vice president of United States [PAR] Also known as [PAR] Gerald Ford [PAR] Spiro Agnew, in full Spiro Theodore Agnew, also called Spiro T. Agnew (born November 9, 1918, Baltimore , Maryland , U.S.\u2014died September 17, 1996, Berlin, Maryland), 39th vice president of the United States (1969\u201373) in the Republican administration of President Richard M. Nixon . He was the second person to resign the nation\u2019s second highest office ( John C. Calhoun was the first in 1832) and the first to resign under duress. [PAR] Spiro T. Agnew. [PAR] \u00a9 Bettmann/Corbis [PAR] Agnew was the son of Theodore Agnew, a Greek-immigrant restaurateur who had shortened his name from Anagnostopoulos, and Margaret Akers, from Virginia . He studied law at the University of Baltimore and began a law practice in a Baltimore suburb in 1947. He was elected Baltimore county executive in 1962 and then governor of Maryland in 1967. During his tenure as governor he established an image as a moderate, securing a graduated income tax, strong antipollution laws, the first open-housing law south of the Mason and Dixon Line , and repeal of the state\u2019s 306-year-old anti- miscegenation law. Although he was little known to the American public at the time of his nomination for the vice presidency in 1968, Agnew won national recognition for speeches in which he denounced Vietnam War protesters and other opponents of the Nixon administration with colourful epithets such as \u201cnattering nabobs of negativism\u201d and \u201chopeless, hysterical hypochondriacs of history.\u201d Agnew was despised by most Democrats and sometimes drew censure even from Republicans, as he did for accusing Vice President Hubert Humphrey , the Democratic Party candidate for president in 1968, of being \u201csoft on communism.\u201d [PAR] Agnew\u2019s downfall began in the summer of 1973, when he was investigated in connection with accusations of extortion , bribery , and income-tax violations relating chiefly to his tenure as governor of Maryland. Faced with federal indictments, Agnew fought the charges, arguing that the allegations were false, that a sitting vice president could not be indicted, and that the only way he could be removed from office was by impeachment . After the solicitor general released a brief asserting that sitting vice presidents could be indicted, Agnew launched an attack on the administration and vowed not to resign. With Nixon in danger of impeachment for his role in the Watergate scandal , the administration sought to remove Agnew from the presidential line of succession, and secret plea bargaining took place between Agnew\u2019s lawyers and a federal judge. Agnew resigned the vice presidency on October 10, 1973, and appeared in United States District Court in Baltimore on the same day to plead nolo contendere to a single federal count of failing to report on his income-tax return $29,500 in income that he had received in 1967, while governor of Maryland. Acknowledging that the plea amounted to a felony conviction , Agnew declared that he had resigned in the national interest. He was fined $10,000 and sentenced to three years of unsupervised probation. [PAR] Britannica Stories[DOC] [TLE] Spiro T. Agnew, Point Man for Nixon Who Resigned Vice ... Spiro T. Agnew, Point Man for Nixon Who Resigned Vice Presidency, Dies at 77 - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] U.S. |Spiro T. Agnew, Point Man for Nixon Who Resigned Vice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Divine Comedy - Songs Of Love ( Pete Ruffell cover ... The Divine Comedy - Songs Of Love ( Pete Ruffell cover ) - YouTube [PAR] The Divine Comedy - Songs Of Love ( Pete Ruffell cover ) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 13, 2014 [PAR] 'Songs Of Love' written by Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy. Used as the theme tune to the TV comedy series ' Father Ted.' From the album ' Casanova.' [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] The Divine Comedy Tickets, Tour Dates 2016 & Concerts ... The Divine Comedy Tickets, Tour Dates 2017 & Concerts \u2013 Songkick [PAR] Bush Hall London, UK [PAR] Biography [PAR] The Divine Comedy (formed in 1989) is a Northern Irish indie rock and chamber pop band, fronted by Neil Hannon, in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. [PAR] Comprised of vocalist and guitarist Hannon, bassist John McCullagh, and drummer Kevin Traynor, the earliest carnation of The Divine Comedy was a guitar led indie rock group in a similar vein to R.E.M. The band\u2019s debut EP \u201cFanfare for the Comic Muse\u201d was released in 1990 and was supported by a modest tour, including an opening slot for My Bloody Valentine. With the addition of vocalist John Allen in 1991, which led to the release of a couple EPs \u201cTimewatch\u201d and \u201cEuropop\u201d, the band moved to London, England, where they would commonly be the support act for Suede at club gigs. [PAR] Subsequent to the commercial flop of \u201cEuropop\u201d the band split up, however Hannon decided to move back to Londonderry and continue The Divine Comedy name as a solo act. Hannon\u2019s debut album \u201cLiberation\u201d was distinctively British, and undeniably art pop, and features strong influences by F. Scott Fitzgerald, playwright Anton Chekhov and William Wordsworth. The album earned positive critical response, making a number of year-end lists, despite the lack of commercial sales. [PAR] The Divine Comedy\u2019s sophomore album \u201cPromenade\u201d, released in 1994, highlighted a development of Hannon\u2019s songwriting and musical compositon, heavily influenced by Michael Nyman's classical style. The concept album about a day of two lovers made the indie rock genre more acceptable in the UK, alongside the likes of Oasis and Pulp, however chart and commercial success proved ever elusive. [PAR] This trend seemed to be withering out with the release of the Divine Comedy\u2019s third studio album \u201cCasanova\u201d released in early 1996. Again earning warm words from the musical press, the album led to the swelling of Hannon\u2019s fan base with the entrance into mainstream media with an appearance on Chris Evans\u2019 TFI Friday television show. The song he performed on the show \u201cSomething for the Weekend\u201d later entered the charts at No. 14, followed by \u201cBecoming More Like Alfie\u201d which peaked at No. 27. [PAR] Hannon is also known for his soundtrack work, having written and performed the theme music for the sitcom \u201cFather Ted\u201d, the BBC technology show \u201cTomorrow\u2019s World\u201d and the comedy series \u201cThe IT Crowd\u201d. \u201cA Short Album About Love\u201d, released to coincide with Valentine\u2019s Day 1997, had the strongest initial sales success of any previous album and again featured a strong string presence. To celebrate 10 years of existence the album \u201cA Secret History\u201d was released as Hannon made contributions to Tom Jones\u2019 \u201cReload\u201d and Ute Lemper\u2019s \u201cPunishing Kiss\u201d. [PAR] At the wake of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Split Mountain : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering ... Split Mountain : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost [PAR] Images [PAR] Overview [PAR] Split Mtn is technically one of the easier of the California 14ers, but still a serious effort requiring some 7,500ft of gain from the nearest trailhead. It lies along the Sierra Crest, at the southeast end of one of the highest portions of the High Sierra encompassing the Palisade range, home to 6 other 14ers. Split Mtn can be easily recognized from US395 by the East Couloir that splits the twin summits. The north summit is the high point. It is also easily identified from the Big Pine area and highway 168 leading to Glacier Lodge. [PAR] The easiest route is via the class 2 North Slope and Red Lake on the east side. There are many other routes to the summit of varying technical difficulties. There are snow/ice routes on the east side in the East Couloir and St. Jean Couloir . There are also extended arete routes that rival Temple Crag for the longest such climbs in the Sierra. The west side is a jumble of spires, aretes and gullies that make routes difficult to describe and impossible to follow. [PAR] Secor claims Split is the easiest 14er after Whitney, but that claim is hard to justify unless only considering Sierra peaks (White Mtn in the Inyos, 14 mi roundtrip on a dirt road is the easiest 14er) and further considering only technical difficulty (Mt. Muir, just off the Mt. Whitney Trail is far easier, but has a class 3 rating for the portion just below the summit). And Mt. Langley via Old Army Pass (or New Army Pass) and the SW Slope is also much easier than an ascent of Split Mtn. [PAR] Getting There [PAR] This is the hard part. Of all the California 14ers, Split Mtn has the most difficult access, which may or may not require 4WD with good clearance, depending on road conditions and how much you care about the underside of your vehicle. There are two ways to reach the Red Lake Trailhead, the first being that most often used: [PAR] From Big Pine on US395, head west on Glacier Lodge Rd, which heads to the Big Pine Creek Trailheads. Steve Eckert provides comprehensive directions from here at: climber.org . [PAR] A second approach, purported to be shorter and easier (but I haven't actually tried), is via the Tinemaha Campground several miles south of Big Pine. [PAR] Oct, 2002: I have seen at least two posts from folks attempting this route this summer, both giving it up as a waste of time and going the first route. [PAR] Jul, 2003: ScottyS adds the following upon successfully negotiating the Tinemaha route in 2002: [PAR] Last year I successfully navigated the Tinemaha Campground route in a Subaru Legacy at night. I didn't even attempt the McMurray route. [PAR] Beta --- Basically, continue past the gravel plant (after Tinemaha) taking the north fork in the road along the edge of the hill. The road bends north around the hill and ends up in a gravel pit. After the curve and before the pit look for a light track turning left (west) through the sand to a fenceline about 100yds off the gravel road. Follow the track for about 1/2 mile along the fenceline (heading directly towards the mountains) until reaching the road from McMurray Meadows. Turn left (south) and proceed to the trailhead. It takes very little time to reach the fenceline road from HWY 395, and the only slow part"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000) - IMDb Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Kevin & Perry Go Large ( 2000 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] Kevin and Perry are two 15-year-old boys whose desperation to lose their virginity is so great that it inspires a sort of awe. In the rare moments when they're not thinking about girls, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] Harry Enfield (screenplay), Dave Cummings (screenplay) (as David Cummings) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 17 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 27 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 30 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 18 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 08 May 2015 [PAR] Title: Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000) [PAR] 5.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] BBC sketch show that while continuing to show the misadventures of a series of popular characters now also introduces a slew of new oddballs and misfits for us to enjoy including Tory Boy and The Lovely Wobbly Randy Old Ladies. [PAR] Stars: Harry Enfield, Kathy Burke, Paul Whitehouse [PAR] Some shite where Kevin can't be arsed cleaning the car [PAR] Director: Clive Tulloh [PAR] Popular BBC sketch show that introduces a whole host of memorable characters such as Tim-Nice-But-Dim, Wayne and Waynetta Slob, The Old Gits and teenagers Kevin and Perry. The show spawned a slew of spin-off series and films. [PAR] Stars: Harry Enfield, Paul Whitehouse, Kathy Burke [PAR] Sketches on the themes of class and gender, with the occasional spoof thrown in. [PAR] Stars: Harry Enfield, Paul Whitehouse, Sophie Winkleman [PAR] A sitcom about two dreamy roommates in London. Gay unemployed actor Tom Farrell, whose career is going nowhere, and Linda La Hughes, who is about as attractive as a centenary nun, yet has ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Kathy Burke, James Dreyfus, Beth Goddard [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Kevin and Perry are two 15-year-old boys whose desperation to lose their virginity is so great that it inspires a sort of awe. In the rare moments when they're not thinking about girls, Kevin dreams of being a singer, and Perry has ambitions toward becoming a dance music DJ. When Kevin and Perry manage to stop a bank robbery, they're given a sizable cash reward, and they decide to go on a holiday in Ibiza, which is supposedly populated with thousands of beautiful women willing to sleep with anyone. However, after the boys pack plenty of sunscreen and condoms, Kevin's parents announce that they're tagging along. Undeterred, Kevin and Perry make the trip and meet superstar DJ Eyeball Paul , who may or may not listen to their demo tape. The boys also encounter Gemma and Candice, two scruffy teenage girls who are nearly as eager as Kevin and Perry to get horizontal. Written by Anonymous [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] When Kevin and Perry hit the town and see German men marching. The lead German is played by Director Ed Bye."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Hypotension ? - NHLBI, NIH What Is Hypotension? - NHLBI, NIH [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Blogger. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Buzz. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Delicious. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Digg. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Facebook. [PAR] Add this link to the NHLBI to my browser. [PAR] Email this page with Gmail. [PAR] Bookmark this page with Google. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on LinkedIn. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Messenger. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on MySpace. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Reddit. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Stumble. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Tumblr. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Twitter. [PAR] What Is Hypotension? [PAR] Hypotension (HI-po-TEN-shun) is abnormally low blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. [PAR] Blood pressure is measured as systolic (sis-TOL-ik) and diastolic (di-a-STOL-ik) pressures. \"Systolic\" refers to blood pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. \"Diastolic\" refers to blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats. [PAR] You most often will see blood pressure numbers written with the systolic number above or before the diastolic number, such as 120/80 mmHg. (The mmHg is millimeters of mercury\u2014the units used to measure blood pressure.) [PAR] Normal blood pressure in adults is lower than 120/80 mmHg. Hypotension is blood pressure that's lower than 90/60 mmHg. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Blood pressure doesn't stay the same all the time. It lowers as you sleep and rises when you wake up. Blood pressure also rises when you're excited, nervous, or active. [PAR] Your body is very sensitive to changes in blood pressure. For example, if you stand up quickly, your blood pressure may drop for a short time. Your body adjusts your blood pressure to make sure enough blood and oxygen are flowing to your brain, kidneys, and other vital organs. [PAR] Most forms of hypotension happen because your body can't bring blood pressure back to normal or can't do it fast enough. [PAR] Some people have low blood pressure all the time. They have no signs or symptoms, and their low blood pressure is normal for them. [PAR] In other people, certain conditions or factors cause abnormally low blood pressure. As a result, less blood and oxygen flow to the body's organs. [PAR] For the most part, hypotension is a medical concern only if it causes signs or symptoms or is linked to a serious condition, such as heart disease. Signs and symptoms of hypotension may include dizziness, fainting, cold and sweaty skin, fatigue (tiredness), blurred vision, or nausea (feeling sick to your stomach). [PAR] In extreme cases, hypotension can lead to shock . [PAR] Outlook [PAR] In a healthy person, low blood pressure without signs or symptoms usually isn't a problem and needs no treatment. If it causes signs or symptoms, your doctor will try to find and treat the condition that's causing it. [PAR] Hypotension can be dangerous. It can make you fall because of dizziness or fainting. Shock, a severe form of hypotension, is a condition that's often fatal if not treated right away. With prompt and proper treatment, shock can be successfully treated. [PAR] Rate This Content:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skimbleshanks - 'Cats' Musical Wiki - Wikia Skimbleshanks | 'Cats' Musical Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014 Three Words [PAR] Skimbleshanks is one of the adults of the tribe, always protecting the kittens whenever danger is near. Despite this, he is a jolly and cheerful cat, often seen dancing and being silly with the younger toms. He is a very animated character and can be remembered by his signature gigantic smile and bright personality. In the 1998 film, he is often seen holding hands with Jennyanydots . He also spends a good deal of time with Jemima . He is also close with Old Deuteronomy , as Old Deuteronomy is seen dancing to his number (though this could simply be Old Deuteronomy showing a more jovial side). [PAR] In most productions, he is portrayed as older, being about Jennyanydot's age, but in some productions, he's portrayed as a younger adult cat. [PAR] Skimbleshanks is the cat aboard the British West Coast Main Line train; the Night Mail. He takes great pride in his work keeping the watch, mousing and helping out aboard the train. He takes great pride in his work and considers himself very important, as the train would not operate without him. Skimbleshanks appears in the ensemble throughout the show, before he dons his uniform waistcoat for his number, Skimbleshanks: The Railway Cat . [PAR] Role [PAR] \u2014 Casting Calls [PAR] Skimbleshanks is one of the more prominent characters in the show; he has a variety of lines in the group songs, but also has a song of his own (\"Skimbleshanks the Railway Cat\"). He is also the third one (in the movie) to finally touch and smile at Grizabella and accept her back into the tribe and showed that he was sorry for rejecting and turning his back on her. He also finally trusts her and no longer considers her a threat to the tribe and waves goodbye to her when she enters the heaviside layer to be reborn. [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Edit [PAR] Skimbleshanks is a ginger tabby cat, with a \"long brown tail\" and \"glass green eyes\". His unitard is usually a shade of cream, with ginger and brown markings. Usually his costume does not include black or solid lines, instead being painted or sponged to create texture. He has a neatly groomed wig with distinctive tabby stripes, often including long \"Mutton-Chop\" sideburns. [PAR] For his solo number, Skimbleshanks adds a waistcoat, with a shirt collar and pocket watch. He also changes his soft brown armwarmers for grey cable knit warmers with elbow patches. This additional costume tells us about his important job on the railway - the smart shirt collar and waistcoat, and particularly the pocket watch, tell us he has authority to make sure the train leaves on time. However the grey armwarmers with the practical elbow patches say he works manually, to the point his clothes need reinforcement. Finally he wears an over-size bell, which marks him as a cat who is cared for by the humans that he considers he works with.[DOC] [TLE] CAST ANNOUNCED FOR THE ALL-AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTION OF ANDREW ... CAST ANNOUNCED FOR THE ALL-AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTION OF ANDREW LLOYD WEBBER\u2019S CATS - Cats the Musical - Australia [PAR] CAST ANNOUNCED FOR THE ALL-AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTION OF ANDREW LLOYD WEBBER\u2019S CATS [PAR] Previous Next [PAR] Today the Producers of Andrew Lloyd Webber\u2019s CATS announced the all-Australian cast for the acclaimed West End revival production which tours Australia from October this year. [PAR] This much-loved record-breaking musical opens in Sydney on 30 October and is then touring to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scorpion | Mortal Kombat Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Scorpion | Mortal Kombat Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014Scorpion's Mortal Kombat (2011) Battle Cry [PAR] Hanzo Hasashi, now known as Scorpion (\u5168\u880d\u4eba, \"Full Scorpion Man\") [1] , is a resurrected ninja in the Mortal Kombat fighting game series. He is one of the very few original characters debuting in the first Mortal Kombat arcade game. He holds the distinction, along with Raiden and Sub-Zero (in one form or another ), of appearing in every generation of Mortal Kombat games as a playable character. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] About Scorpion [PAR] It is known that his father, a former member of the Shirai Ryu , forbade his son from joining the clan, as he did not wish for his son to live the life of an assassin. However, Hanzo joined in spite of his father's wishes in order to provide his wife and son with a comfortable life. [PAR] Now Scorpion is a hell-spawned spectre, inexorably seeking vengeance against those responsible for the destruction of his clan and the death of his own family. Despite his malevolent appearance, he is not inherently evil. He joins the forces of evil when promised a means of resurrecting his clan on Earth , or the chance to inflict his wrath against those who butchered them. Scorpion has also (indirectly) assisted the game's protagonists to fulfill these motives. [PAR] Scorpion is perceived by fans as the title's foremost anti-hero. He undertakes actions that benefit the forces of good, albeit in his own gruesome and vigilante manner. His attitude, appearance and self-reliance have all contributed to his popularity. Compared to the purely virtuous \"good guys\", and the diabolically evil \"bad guys\", Scorpion's moral neutrality is unique. Although he is featured alongside the forces of evil in the opening scene of Mortal Kombat: Armageddon, he remains neutral because of his fierce hatred of Quan Chi . [PAR] Scorpion appears human when masked, though this is merely an illusion. Only his skull remains when in his true form, sometimes ablaze. However, he can fully regain his human appearance if he conquers his own demons. Scorpion's most popular and recognized skill is his famous spear attack, which is used to draw an opponent toward him. This attack will also stun the opponent for a short amount of time. Scorpion will shout, \"Get over here!\" or \"Come here!\", while executing this technique. [PAR] Although Scorpion is often strict and wrathful, at times he shows a caring side and is very honorable. In the original timeline, when he discovers the Sub-Zero in the second tournament isn't Bi-Han and in fact his more merciful brother, Scorpion vows to protect Kuai Liang instead for killing his kin. In the second timeline, Scorpion truly intended to spare the first Sub-Zero in exchange for the resurrection of his clan, but Quan Chi prevented this. Most notably, in the Mortal Kombat X Comic , it's shown he took in victims and survivors of the Netherrealm War into his iteration of the Shirai Ryu to now protect Earthrealm while also raising Takeda Takahashi . During this time, he treated Takeda like his own son, such as when he comforts Takeda after Fox 's death. [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Scorpion appeared as a yellow palette swap of Sub-Zero . He kept this appearance from the first MK to MK4 after which he bore two swords on his back and his kunai attached to a rope tied to his belt. He has white eyes with his mask on. Without his mask, his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silvergate Prep Jeopardy Template Silvergate Prep Jeopardy Template [PAR] 100 [PAR] Princess Peach [PAR] In video gaming, what is the name of the princess whom Mario repeatedly stops Bowser from kidnapping? [PAR] 100 [PAR] What does Woody from Toy Story have in his boot? [PAR] 100 [PAR] We just set a goal, talkin' matchin' Lambos [PAR] 100 [PAR] what is the hottest planet [PAR] 100 [PAR] Who was the second president of the United States? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What Nintendo system was released after the N64 and before the Wii [PAR] 200 [PAR] What animals portray surfer dudes in Finding Nemo? [PAR] 200 [PAR] Chains Nick jonas [PAR] I gave all my heart but she won't heal my soul She tasted a break and I can't get more [PAR] 200 [PAR] All land-dwelling living things depend upon what source of energy [PAR] 200 [PAR] Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? [PAR] 300 [PAR] What color is the ring of death on an Xbox that signifies a hardware failure? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Which Princess is in the Disney classic Aladdin? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Drake best i ever had [PAR] Cause she hold me down every time I hit her up When I get right I promise that we gone live it up [PAR] 300 [PAR] The only planet that has a day longer than its year is ... [PAR] 300 [PAR] What did \"prohibition\" outlaw in the early 1900s? [PAR] 400 [PAR] In Mortal Kombat, what phrase is heard when scorpion uses his spear. [PAR] 400 [PAR] Which film does Eddie Murphy do the voice-over for a red Chinese dragon? [PAR] 400 [PAR] Beyonce irreplaceable [PAR] Because you was untrue Rollin' her around in the car that I bought you Baby drop them keys Hurry up before your taxi leaves [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who was the first American to Orbit the Earth [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who allied with America during the Revolutionary war [PAR] 500 [PAR] The legend of Zelda [PAR] Which 1986 Nintendo game is set in the fantasy land of Hyrule, and centres on a boy named Link? [PAR] 500 [PAR] Name the rock on which Simba will stand as King in Lion King [PAR] 500 [PAR] I want it that way Backstreet Boys [PAR] Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a heartache Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a mistake Tell me why"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] GTA: San Andreas - FREE Download - Home GTA: San Andreas - FREE Download - Home [PAR] GTA: San Andreas - FREE Download [PAR] GTA: San Andreas [PAR] Five years ago, Carl Johnson escaped from the pressures of life in Los Santos, San Andreas, a city tearing itself apart with gang trouble, drugs and corruption. Where filmstars and millionaires do their best to avoid the dealers and gangbangers. [PAR] Now, it\u2019s the early 90\u2019s. Carl\u2019s got to go home. His mother has been murdered, his family has fallen apart and his childhood friends are all heading towards disaster. [PAR] On his return to the neighborhood, a couple of corrupt cops frame him for homicide. CJ is forced on a journey that takes him across the entire state of San Andreas, to save his family and to take control of the streets. [PAR] FREE DOWNLOAD - GTA San Andreas [PAR] Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas [PAR] Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is a 2004 open world action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North in the United Kingdom and published by Rockstar Games. [PAR] Expanding the size of the in-game map from previous GTA titles, GTA: San Andreas is set in the semi-fictional state of San Andreas (based on California and Nevada) and its three metropolitan cities: Los Santos (based on Los Angeles), San Fierro (based on San Francisco), and Las Venturas (based on Las Vegas). Set in 1992, the game revolves around the gang member Carl \"CJ\" Johnson returning home to Los Santos after learning of his mother's murder. CJ finds his old friends and family in disarray, and over the course of the game, he tries to re-establish his old gang, the Grove Street Families, clashes with corrupt cops, and gradually unravels the truth behind his mother's murder. [PAR] Download Client[DOC] [TLE] Download GTA San Andreas Full Game for PC zip file (663 MB) Download GTA San Andreas Full Game for PC zip file (663 MB) [PAR] Download GTA San Andreas Full Game for PC zip file (663 MB) [PAR] [PAR] Information: [PAR] Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is a 2004 open world action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North in the United Kingdom and published by Rockstar Games. It is the third 3D game in the Grand Theft Auto video game franchise, the fifth original console release and eighth game overall. Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas was succeeded by Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories and was preceded by Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. [PAR] [PAR] The game is set in the semi-fictional state of San Andreas (based on California and Nevada), which contains three metropolitan cities: Los Santos, based on Los Angeles, San Fierro, based on San Francisco, and Las Venturas, based on Las Vegas. Set in 1992,[7] San Andreas revolves around the gang member Carl \"CJ\" Johnson returning home from Liberty City to Los Santos, San Andreas, after learning of his mother's murder. CJ finds his old friends and family in disarray. Over the course of the game, CJ gradually unravels the plot behind his mother's murder. [PAR] The high-level plot of the game is based on multiple real-life events in Los Angeles including the rivalry between street gangs the Bloods and Crips (which the player's gang and rival gang are spoofed off of), the Crack epidemic (which is shown as a major point of conflict in the game), the LAPD Rampart scandal (forming the basis of several main antagonists in the game), and the game even culminates in a spoof of the 1992 Los Angeles riots."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NetLogo Models Library: Tetris - Northwestern University NetLogo Models Library: Tetris [PAR] NetLogo Models Library: [PAR] (back to the library) [PAR] Tetris [PAR] If you download the NetLogo application , this model is included. (You can also run this model in your browser , but we don't recommend it; details here .) [PAR] WHAT IS IT? [PAR] This is the classic puzzle game, Tetris. The game involves falling pieces composed of four blocks in different configurations. The object of the game is to complete horizontal rows of blocks in the well. [PAR] Any time a row is completed it disappears and the blocks above it fall down. The more rows you clear with the placement of a single piece, the more points you receive. If you clear enough rows, you move on to the next level. The higher the level, the more points you receive for everything, but the pieces fall faster as well, increasing the challenge. [PAR] HOW TO USE IT [PAR] Monitors: -- SCORE shows your current score. -- LINES shows the number of lines you have cleared. -- LEVEL shows your current level. [PAR] Sliders: -- STARTING-LEVEL selects the beginning level for the game. Choosing a higher level to begin allows you to get more points faster and increase the initial falling speed. Your level will not increase until your number of lines is 10*(level+1). (i.e. starting-level=3, level will stay 3 until 40 lines are cleared.) -- DEBRIS-LEVEL sets how many lines of random blocks will be created at the bottom of the well at the beginning of the game. [PAR] Buttons: -- NEW sets up a new game with the initial settings. -- PLAY begins the game. [PAR] Controls: -- ROTLEFT rotates the current piece 90 degrees to the left. -- ROTRIGHT rotates the current piece 90 degrees the right. -- LEFT moves the current piece one space left. -- DROP causes the current piece to drop to the bottom of the well immediately. -- RIGHT moves the current piece one space right. -- DOWN moves the current piece one space down. [PAR] Options (Switches) -- SHOW-NEXT-PIECE? toggles the option which causes the piece which will appear in the well after you place the current one to be shown in a small box to the right of the well. [PAR] THINGS TO NOTICE [PAR] There are seven types of pieces. These are all the shapes that can be made by four blocks stuck together. [PAR] [][] Square-Block - good filler in flat areas, [][] hard to place in jagged areas [][][] L-Block - fits well into deep holes [] [][] S-Block - good filler in jagged areas, [][] hard to place in flat areas [][][] T-Block - good average piece, can fit [] almost anywhere well [][] Reverse S-Block (Or Z-Block) - good [][] filler in jagged areas, hard to place in flat areas [][][] Reverse L-Block - fits well into [] deep holes [][][][] I-Bar - Only piece that allows you to clear 4 lines at once (aka a Tetris) [PAR] Scoring System: Note: Points are scored using level + 1 so that points are still scored at level 0. -- 1 Line = 50*(level + 1) points -- 2 Lines = 150*(level + 1) points -- 3 Lines = 350*(level + 1) points -- 4 Lines = 1000*(level + 1) points (aka a Tetris) -- Clear the board = 2000*(level + 1) -- Every piece = 10*(level + 1) points [PAR] THINGS TO TRY [PAR] Add options for changing the width and depth of the well. [PAR] Add the option of including"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tomb Raider 2013: Wolf Attack Scene - YouTube Tomb Raider 2013: Wolf Attack Scene - YouTube [PAR] Tomb Raider 2013: Wolf Attack Scene [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 31, 2016 [PAR] Lara Croft is a British fictional character and the main protagonist of the Square Enix (previously Eidos Interactive) video game franchise Tomb Raider. She is presented as a beautiful, intelligent, and athletic English archaeologist-adventurer who ventures into ancient, hazardous tombs and ruins around the world. Created by a team at UK developer Core Design that included Toby Gard, the character first appeared in the 1996 video game Tomb Raider. She has also appeared in video game sequels, printed adaptations, a series of animated short films, feature films (portrayed by Angelina Jolie), and merchandise related to the series. Official promotion of the character includes a brand of apparel and accessories, action figures, and model portrayals. Croft has also been licensed for third-party promotion, including television and print advertisements, music-related appearances, and as a spokesmodel. As of June 2016, Lara Croft has been featured on over 1,100 magazine covers surpassing any supermodel. [PAR] Game"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doom Online DOS Game - ICT lounge Doom Online DOS Game [PAR] [PAR] Game Objective [PAR] The player takes the role of an unnamed space marine who has been posted to Mars after assaulting his commanding officer, who ordered his unit to fire upon civilians. [PAR] Responding to a frantic distress call from a nearby science research facility, your unit is sent to investigate, where the player character is left to guard the hangar with only a pistol. [PAR] The rest of your unit is killed by invading demons from hell and soon you are the last man standing. You must fight through the onslaught of demonic enemies in order to keep them from attacking Earth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Simoleon - The Sims Wiki - Wikia Simoleon | The Sims Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Horse[ TS3:P ] [PAR] + \u00a71,000 [PAR] In The Sims Medieval , Hero Sims will start with either \u00a712,000 or \u00a71,000, depending on whether or not their house is furnished or unfurnished. [PAR] In The Sims 4 , a household starts with \u00a720,000, plus \u00a72,000 for each Sim beyond the first. [PAR] Making money [PAR] See also: Game guide:Earning simoleons [PAR] Sims need a minimum amount of money in order to buy food and pay their bills . Leaving bills unpaid for too long results in either a visit from the repo-man [ TS ][ TS2 ][ TS3 ] or in electricity and water systems being shut.[ TS4 ] (In the handheld versions of The Sims Bustin' Out and The Urbz: Sims in the City, Sims/Urbz who skip their bills are arrested instead.) [PAR] Working for money [PAR] Edit [PAR] There are several ways for Sims to receive a steady income. The usual way is to work in a career or profession[ TS3:A ] that gives the Sim a regular salary or stipend. Owning a business [ TS2:OFB ] is another way to make money, though income from a business is not as steady as the income from a regular job, as the Sim does not get paid a salary. [PAR] Some Sims can make money through creative endeavors, such as painting or writing . In The Sims 2: University and The Sims 3 [3] Sims can collect tips while playing an instrument. There are a number of crafts Sims can partake in, where the objects they create can be sold. [PAR] Investments [ TS3 ] are another way Sims can earn money. A Sim can buy a partnership in one of the rabbit holes in a neighborhood and collect weekly earnings. As of Ambitions , Investments are not limited to rabbit holes, and Sims can buy into almost every community lot, being challenged to upgrade it in order to make even more money. [PAR] Sims can make money by completing opportunities [ TS3 ] and choosing wisely when given a career chance card [ TS2 ]. [PAR] Inheriting money [PAR] Main article: Inheritance [PAR] In The Sims 2 , family members and best friends can inherit money on the death of a Sim. How much a Sim will inherit depends on three things; the deceased Sim's aspiration level at death, the type of relationship the Sim had with the deceased, and the Sim's lifetime relationship with the deceased. [PAR] Found money [PAR] Edit [PAR] Sometimes money is just lying on the ground. Random phone calls may be able to net Sims a few extra Simoleons.[ TS ] Collecting objects that are littered around the neighborhood could net a Sim some money. One Sim's trash is another Sim's Simoleons! Sims can rummage through garbage and occasionally find something worthy.[ TS3 ] [PAR] Money grows on trees. The money tree grows Simoleons. With some care Sims can \"rake\" in the cash. Money falls from the sky when Sims wish for wealth from the Genie [ TS2:FT ][ TS3:ST ] or the Wishing Well .[ TS2:S ] [PAR] Illegal gains [PAR] Edit [PAR] Some Sims are born to steal. Kleptomaniacs can steal objects that they can then use, sell or give back to the original owner.[ TS3 ] Fraudulent Sims can try their hand at counterfeiting. Genuine Buck's Famous Counterfeiting Machine is an aspiration reward that allows a Sim to print bills.[ TS2:U ] [PAR] Some players also like to take the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Super Mario Bros. 1993 film - Super Mario Wiki, the Mario ... Super Mario Bros. (film) - Super Mario Wiki, the Mario encyclopedia [PAR] Super Mario Bros. (film) [PAR] \u201cThis Ain't No Game.\u201d [PAR] \u2014Film Tagline [PAR] Super Mario Bros. is an American science fiction live-action movie adaptation of and is loosely based on the Super Mario series of video games, released in theaters on May 28, 1993 [1] . While the film draws inspiration from the series, it spins elements from the games into a more realistic and darker fashion. The movie was originally written as a fantasy-style film, but gradually evolved to the point where it became a sci-fi/action film. It was written by Parker Bennett, Terry Runte, and Ed Solomon, and directed by Annabel Jankel and Rocky Morton. [2] Produced on an estimated budget of $42 million for its high-profile cast and special effects, Super Mario Bros. was the first Hollywood film based upon a video game property. [3] It is rated PG for sci-fi action and mild violence. [PAR] The movie involves Brooklyn plumbers and brothers Mario (Bob Hoskins) and Luigi Mario (John Leguizamo), who are struggling to get by due to their lack of money. They meet a girl, Daisy (Samantha Mathis), who is working on an excavation site while also trying to stop Scapelli from taking over the site for construction purposes. During this time, Luigi falls in love with Daisy, though she is soon after kidnapped by two men, Iggy (Fisher Stevens) and Spike (Richard Edson), who take her to a parallel dimension created by the meteorite impact 65 million years ago, where the dinosaurs were teleported to as soon as it struck. Here, they, like the other mammals in our dimension, evolved into vicious humans, led by President Koopa (Dennis Hopper). The brothers now have to go to the other dimension in order to save Daisy and stop Koopa from uniting the two dimensions once more and ruling both. [PAR] In a 1990 issue of TV Guide magazine listing some upcoming animated movies, this movie was among those listed (suggesting it was originally meant to be animated) and scheduled for release in summer of 1991. [4] Super Mario Bros. was released on VHS later in 1993, and was later re-released on DVD in 2003. On August 15, 2010, the DVD version was re-released in memory of Dennis Hopper, who had died two months earlier. [5] United Kingdom film distributer Second Sight Films later re-released the movie on both DVD and Blu-ray formats, originally stated to be released on August 11, 2014 [6] before being delayed to November 3 due to needing to work on new extras [7] . A SteelBook special edition of the Blu-ray release with even more special features is set to be released on February 13, 2017, exclusively through UK retailer Zavvi [8] . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Introduction[ edit ] [PAR] The animated intro. [PAR] In an animated segment, a prologue to the film is given, taking place in Brooklyn, sixty-five million years before the present (1993, at time of film's release). The dinosaurs are shown to be content, intelligent creatures that rule over the earth while mammals scurry about unnoticed. However, when a meteorite crashes into Earth, the impact carries a force so powerful it both killed off many dinosaurs while creating a parallel dimension. In this dimension the evolution of dinosaurs continues parallel to our world's mammals, resulting in human beings, some with reptilian traits and temperaments. The narration then offers the question, \"What if they found a way back?\" [PAR] The film then cuts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manhunt \u2014 Evolve Manhunt \u2014 Evolve [PAR] Forums [PAR] Description [PAR] Manhunt is a stealth-based psychological horror video game developed by Rockstar Games. It was released to the public on November 18, 2003 for the PlayStation 2 console, and on April 20, 2004 for Xbox and PC. Although it was generally well received by critics, Manhunt created a controversy due to the graphic violence the player is encouraged to engage in. This resulted in the game being banned in several countries and implicated by media in a murder, although this implication was later rejected by the police. [PAR] Top Players[DOC] [TLE] Manhunt - Let's Play - Part 2 - [Doorway To Hell] - \"The ... Manhunt - Let's Play - Part 2 - [Doorway To Hell] - \"The 'Run Like A Bitch' Method\" - YouTube [PAR] Manhunt - Let's Play - Part 2 - [Doorway To Hell] - \"The 'Run Like A Bitch' Method\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 12, 2015 [PAR] \"THE 'RUN LIKE A BITCH' METHOD\" [PAR] Manhunt [PAR] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... [PAR] Manhunt is a stealth-based survival horror video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released in North America on November 18, 2003, for the PlayStation 2 and on April 20, 2004, for Xbox and PC, and in Europe on November 21 for the PS2 and on April 23 for the Xbox and PC. The game was released for PlayStation 3 on May 14, 2013 via the PlayStation Network. [PAR] The game's story follows a supposedly executed death row inmate who is forced to participate in a series of snuff films for former film producer and now underground snuff director, Lionel Starkweather (voiced by Brian Cox). [PAR] Although it received positive reviews by critics, Manhunt is well known for controversy, due to the level of graphic violence in the game. It was banned in several countries, and implicated in a murder by the UK media, although this implication was later rejected by the police and courts. [PAR] A sequel Manhunt 2 was released in October 2007. As of March 26, 2008, the Manhunt series has sold 1.7 million copies worldwide. At the 7th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the game was nominated for \"Console Action Adventure Game of the Year\". In 2010, it was included in 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die, and listed at #85 in IGN's \"Top 100 PlayStation 2 Games\". [PAR] Game"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Gran Turismo (video game), 1997 video ... Learn and talk about Gran Turismo (video game), 1997 video games, Gran Turismo (series), Interactive Achievement Award winners, PlayStation (console)-only games [PAR] Single player , multiplayer [PAR] Gran Turismo (\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u30fc\u30ea\u30b9\u30e2, Guran Ts\u016brisumo ? , abbreviated GT, commonly abbreviated GT1) is a racing game designed by Kazunori Yamauchi . Gran Turismo was developed by Polys Entertainment and published by Sony Computer Entertainment in 1997 for the PlayStation video game console . The game's development group was established as Polyphony Digital in 1998. [PAR] After five years of development time, it was well-received publicly and critically, shipping a total of 10.85 million copies worldwide as of March 2013 [6] (making it the best-selling PlayStation game ), and scoring an average of 95% in GameRankings ' aggregate, [7] making it the highest rated racing video game of all-time. [8] The game has started a series , and to date has spawned over 10 spin-offs and sequels. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Gameplay[ edit ] [PAR] Gameplay screenshot featuring a Mitsubishi FTO GPX on Trial Mountain Circuit [PAR] Gran Turismo is a racing game . The player must maneuver a car to compete against artificially intelligent drivers on various race tracks . The game uses two different modes: Arcade Mode and Simulation Mode (Gran Turismo Mode in PAL and Japanese versions). In the arcade mode, the player can freely choose the courses and vehicles they wish to use. Winning races unlocks additional cars and courses. [PAR] However, simulation mode requires the player to earn different levels of driver's licenses in order to qualify for events, and earn credits (money), trophies and prize cars by winning race championships . Winning one particular championship also unlocks a video and a few additional demonstration tracks. Credits can be used to purchase additional vehicles, and for parts and tuning. [PAR] Gran Turismo features 140 cars and 11 race tracks (as well as their reversed versions). Two Honda NSX cars from 1992 were included in the Japanese version, but were removed from the North American and European versions. They can be found in the North American version's code (and are unlockable via a GameShark cheat device). In addition to the hidden del Sols, there is also a 1967 Chevrolet Corvette and a 1998 Mazda Roadster exclusive to the Arcade mode. The Corvette and Roadster can also be accessed via GameShark. [PAR] Development[ edit ] [PAR] The game required five years to complete. [9] During an interview with Kazunori Yamauchi, it was revealed that development of Gran Turismo started in the second half of 1992. Yamauchi added that at different times there were only seven to fifteen people assisting him. [10] When asked how difficult it was to create Gran Turismo, Yamauchi remarked: \"It took five years. In those five years, we could not see the end. I would wake up at work, go to sleep at work. It was getting cold, so I knew it must be winter. I estimate I was home only four days a year.\" [9] Sound design was one aspect that Yamauchi believed was compromised due to a lack of time. Although Kazunori considered the game's artificial intelligence to be superior to its competitors, he remained unsatisfied with its development. [11] [PAR] When Gran Turismo was released in Japan, Polyphony Digital was still a development group within Sony Computer Entertainment. The studio was established in April 1998, before the Western release of the game. [12] Yamauchi estimated that Gran Turismo utilised around 75% of the PlayStation's maximum performance. [13] [PAR] Main article: Music of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pac-Man (Video Game) - TV Tropes Pac-Man (Video Game) - TV Tropes [PAR] \"Computer games don't affect kids. If Pac-Man affected us as kids, we'd all be running around in dark rooms, munching pills and listening to repetitive music [PAR] .\" [PAR] \u2014Marcus Brigstocke [PAR] A well-known game developed by Namco (now Namco Bandai ) from The Golden Age of Video Games , and one of the most popular games ever, Pac-Man was the first really successful Maze Game , and one of the first games to be popular with both sexes. It sparked a pop-culture phenomenon, and helped drive the early-1980s video game craze. Ironically, its poorly implemented Atari 2600 port helped turn Pac-Man Fever into Pac-Man Cancer . It also was the first video game to get an Animated Adaptation , with a reluctant Marty Ingels in the lead role. [PAR] The game depicts an abstract round yellow character vaguely reminiscent of a head with a mouth opening and closing to gobble up nearby objects . The player must steer the character around a maze and \"eat\" all of the dots and four special power pellets (originally \"energizers\"). Four ghosts (originally \"monsters\" [PAR] ) pursue the character, and their touch is fatal unless Pac-Man recently ate a power pellet. [PAR] The original game famously had no random number generator: The ghosts moved through the maze in a completely predictable pattern. It is said that the ghosts were given different colors to enable the programmers to give each a different \"personality\" or movement pattern. Top players could develop and memorize specific patterns to clear levels without losing lives. However, the ghosts prove an equal challenge if run on a random AI. [PAR] A sequel, Ms. Pac-Man, was even more popular than the original, and featured more complex mazes and randomized play. It started life as a bootleg hack of the original Pac-Man called Crazy Otto, which featured the player character as a Pac-Man head with legs. GCC, who created that hack, thought this game could be successful and brought the game to Bally/Midway , Namco's American distributor. Midway was impressed; together with the hackers, they edited the sprites back into Pac-Man\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdstyle sprites, and with Namco's blessing, they released it as a Pac-Man sequel in America. [PAR] Pac-Man and Ms. Pac-Man were known for having lots of bootleg versions, many with altered mazes and graphics. They also had unofficial \"speed-up kits\" that, added to a legitimate machine, made the game faster and presumably harder. [PAR] The franchise continued through an endless array of sequels, including two Pinball machines ( Mr. and Mrs. Pac-Man Pinball and Baby Pac-Man ) and lots of console adaptations. One of the most notable of these is Pac-Man Championship Edition, released for the Xbox Live Arcade and iPhone \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd notable because it is the only sequel to have been designed by Pac-Man's original creator, T\u014dru Iwatani. It is also a much faster, more intense game than the original Pac-Man, and was heralded as being \"actually a video game now\" by several gaming sites. [PAR] There's also a special version of the game, Pac-Man VS. for the Nintendo GameCube , designed by Shigeru Miyamoto and bundled with the Game Boy Advance link cable (as well as several other Namco games, and it was even given away for free at stores!). One of the few multiplayer entries in the series, the game allows up to three players to take control of the ghosts on the TV screen, while a fourth player controls Pac-Man himself on a linked Game Boy Advance , passing systems and controllers among"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Call of Duty Black Ops - Test Subtitles In English. - YouTube Call of Duty Black Ops - Test Subtitles In English. - YouTube [PAR] Call of Duty Black Ops - Test Subtitles In English. [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jun 23, 2011 [PAR] I'm gonna try to put the subtitles once the video has been uploaded. [PAR] It seems my subtitles work. :-) [PAR] Game"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pikachu - Anime and Manga Characters Wiki - Wikia Pikachu | Anime and Manga Characters Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia ( view authors) . [PAR] Pikachu (\u30d4\u30ab\u30c1\u30e5\u30a6 Pikach\u016b?) is one of the species of Pok\u00e9mon creatures from the Pok\u00e9mon media franchise\u2014a collection of video games, anime, manga, books, trading cards, and other media created by Satoshi Tajiri. As do all Pok\u00e9mon, Pikachu fight other Pok\u00e9mon in battles central to the anime, manga, and games of the series. Pikachu is among the most recognizable Pok\u00e9mon, largely because a Pikachu is a central character in the Pok\u00e9mon anime series. Pikachu is widely considered the most popular Pok\u00e9mon, is regarded as the official mascot of the Pok\u00e9mon franchise, and has become an icon of Japanese culture in recent years. Within the world of the Pok\u00e9mon franchise, Pikachu are often found in houses, forests, plains, and occasionally near mountains, islands, and electrical sources (such as power plants), on most continents throughout the fictional world. As an Electric-type Pok\u00e9mon, Pikachu can store electricity in its cheeks and release it in lightning-based attacks. Pikachu is the evolved form of Pichu, which evolves at full happiness, and evolves into a Raichu with a \"Thunderstone\".[DOC] [TLE] Crunchyroll - Pikachu - Overview, Reviews, Cast, and List ... Crunchyroll - Pikachu - Overview, Reviews, Cast, and List of Episodes - Crunchyroll [PAR] [Edit] [PAR] Overview [PAR] Pikachu (\u30d4\u30ab\u30c1\u30e5\u30a6) is one of the fictional species of Pok\u00e9mon creatures from the multi-billion-dollar Pok\u00e9mon media franchise\u2014a collection of video games, anime, manga, books, trading cards, and other media created by Satoshi Tajiri. As do all Pok\u00e9mon, Pikachu fight other Pok\u00e9mon in battles central to the anime, manga, and games of the series. Pikachu is among the most recognizable Pok\u00e9mon, largely due to the fact that a Pikachu is a central character in the Pok\u00e9mon anime series. Pikachu is widely considered the most popular Pok\u00e9mon, and is regarded as the official mascot of the Pok\u00e9mon franchise. [PAR] In the Pok\u00e9mon franchise, Pikachu are often found in forests, plains, and, occasionally, near mountains, islands, and electrical sources (such as power plants), on most continents throughout the fictional world. As an Electric-type Pok\u00e9mon, Pikachu can store electricity in its cheeks and release it in lightning-based attacks."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donkey Kong Classic Game - Fun With Logic Donkey Kong Classic Game - Fun With Logic [PAR] Fun With Logic [PAR] Kids Games \u200e > \u200e [PAR] Donkey Kong Classic Game [PAR] Donkey Kong (Donk\u012b Kongu) is an arcade game released by Nintendo in 1981. It is an early example of the platform game genre, as the gameplay focuses on maneuvering the main character across a series of platforms while dodging and jumping over obstacles. In the game, Jumpman must rescue a damsel in distress, Lady, from a giant ape named Donkey Kong. The hero and ape later became two of Nintendo's most popular characters. [PAR] Donkey Kong Classic Game Gameplay [PAR] Donkey Kong is one of the earliest examples of the platform game genre; it is sometimes said to be the first platform game, although it was preceded by Space Panic. In contrast to Space Panic, however, Donkey Kong was the first platform game to feature jumping, introducing the need to jump between gaps and over obstacles or approaching enemies, setting the template for the platform genre. Competitive video gamers and referees stress the game's high level of difficulty compared to other classic arcade games. Winning the game requires patience and the ability to accurately time Jumpman's ascent. In addition to presenting the goal of saving the Lady, the game also gives the player a score. Points are awarded for finishing screens; leaping over obstacles; destroying objects with a hammer power-up; collecting items such as hats, parasols, and purses (apparently belonging to the Lady/Pauline); and completing other tasks. [PAR] Play Donkey Kong the classic game for free here. Please wait for the game to load. [PAR] Donkey Kong Game Controls:[DOC] [TLE] Advanced Game Design - blogspot.com Advanced Game Design [PAR] Advanced Game Design [PAR] Temple Run... [PAR] Temple Run by Imangi Studios is of the most talked about game. It is a game available in AppStore, Android market. The game seems very simple. [PAR] Objective of the game is to steal an idol from the temple and escape from the chasing demonic monkeys. To do this the player has to run, slide, jump so that the player does not trip, fall of the maze temple wall. The path is visible only to a near distance and hence keeps the player thinking what would be next.The character is controlled by various touch screen gestures. Swipe forward to jump, swipe backward to slide, swipe left/right to turn.While running away from the chasing demonic monkeys, player can collect coins and power ups.Power ups in the game are:Coin , Coin Magnet , Invisibility, Boost.The obstacles are: Breaks in the path, tree roots, tree trunks, burning arch.There are various characters, who can be unlocked by trading for the coins.The settings of the game are simple but simply eye catching and pleasing. The player has to run on the brick wall of the temple.There are no levels or there is no endpoint for the game. However the main goal is to run as far as possible by avoiding obstacles that requires the player to jump, duck or turn in precise method. If the monkey is capable of catching the player, the game ends. [PAR] A simple challenge such as path being covered with mist induces level of difficulty. Also the cut in the temple path might make the player to fall into the water. [PAR] There are also other obstacles like fire arch, which is sometimes confusing. The player needs to think, if he has to slide beneath the burning arch or jump over it.The story is about a group of explorers. One"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Covenant - Xbox Wiki - Wikia Covenant | Xbox Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Game development [PAR] Like most of the other characters and species in the Halo universe, the Covenant were slowly developed during the initial concept phase and refined as Halo: Combat Evolved progressed. During the course of development of Halo, the designers decided upon three \"schools\" of architecture, for each of the races represented \u2014 the humans, Covenant, and Forerunners . For the Covenant, the team decided on \"sleek and shiny\", with reflective surfaces, organic shapes, and use of purples. [1] According to art director Marcus Lehto, the principle designs for the race came from environmental artist Paul Russell. [1] [PAR] Like the character designs, Covenant technology, architecture, and design continually changed throughout development, occasionally for practical reasons as well as aesthetics. [2] According to Eric Arroyo, the Covenant cruiser Truth and Reconciliation, which plays a major role in Halo: Combat Evolved, was to be boarded by the player by a long ramp. However due to technical considerations of having a fully textured ship so close to the player, the designers came up with a \"gravity lift\", which allowed the ship to be farther away (thus not requiring as much processing power for detail) as well as adding a \"visually interesting\" component of Covenant technology. [3] [PAR] The art team also spent a large amount of time on Covenant weaponry, in order to make them suitably alien yet still recognizable to players. [4] At the same time, the designers wanted all aspects of Covenant technology, especially the vehicles, to act plausibly. [5] Bungie ended up looking at films and other media for inspiration on almost every aspect of the race. [6] [PAR] Species [PAR] To design the various species of the Covenant, Bungie 's artists looked at live animals and films for inspiration; [7] as a result, the species within the Covenant bear simian , reptilian , avian , and ursine characteristics. [7] The strongest and toughest foes of the game, Elites (called Sangheili in the fictitious Covenant language) stand at nearly 8'6(2.6 m) and feature recharging personal shields. The Elites initially had simple mouths, who developed into pairs of split mandibles substituting for the lower jaws. Bungie concept artist Shi Kai Wang noted that project lead Jason Jones had, at one point, been insistent on giving the Elites a tail. [8] While Wang thought it made the aliens look too animalistic, the idea was eventually dropped due to practical considerations, including where the tail would go when the Elites were driving vehicles. [9] \"At one point, we considered just having the Elites tuck their tails forward, between their legs,\" Wang noted, \"But [we] abandoned that... for obvious reasons.\" [9] According to Paul Russel, when Bungie was bought by Microsoft and Halo was turned into an Xbox launch title, Microsoft took issue with the design of the Elites, as they felt that the Elites had a resemblance to cats that might alienate Japanese consumers. [10] [PAR] Among the other races developed were Grunts or Unggoy, who are viewed in game's fiction as cannon fodder. Depicted as squat and cowardly fighters, Grunts panic and run if players kill their leaders. [11] Jackals or Kig-Yar carry energy shields or ranged weaponry. Armor color denotes the rank of each caste. In some cases, such as with the Jackals, the overall design was honed once the enemy's role was clearly defined. [12] [PAR] In addition to basic troops, there are Hunters or Mgalekgolo, who according to Bungie's mythology are actually collectives of alien"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Klute (1971) - the Data Lounge Klute (1971) [PAR] Klute (1971) [PAR] It's on TV where I am. [PAR] One of those films that's supposed to be so tremendous that I can never sit through. [PAR] My God...it drags. [PAR] Why didn't anyone respond to my Klute thread? [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] We're afraid this will attract the \"Pretty Woman Was an Insult to Hookers\" troll. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 2 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] Took me decades to finally watch it, but I liked it. I tend to like slower-paced movies - Pakula seems to work that way. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Very stylish movie, shot by the recently deceased Gordon Willis (The Godfather, Manhattan). [PAR] The single movie that proves Jane Fonda could really act. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 4 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] I found it a bit slow too and why was it named after a supporting character? It should have been called \"Bree\". [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] I was offered it, but turned it down. I liked Up the Sandbox more. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 6 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] I tried to watch it twice, but I never made it past the first half hour. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] [quote]The single movie that proves Jane Fonda could really act. [PAR] Actually, she's just as good in the film she made the year before, \"They Shoot Horses, Don't They?\" [PAR] She would have won the Oscar for that but she was up that year against Maggie Smith in \"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.\" [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 8 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] I love this movie. Fonda looked so beautiful and chic. The small human and humorous touches added so much to the movie. Reading Linda Goodman's Sun Signs before bed for instance. That made me smile. I thought Sutherland was sexy as hell and he and Fonda had tremendous chemistry. She more than deserved the Oscar for Best Actress. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] Oh god. Lots of philistines with zero taste on DL today. [PAR] \"Klute\" is a classic featuring one of the best female performances of the decade (or any decade, really). Bree's scenes with her therapist rival anything you'll find in a female-centered film today. The film is also a time capsule of a gritty, dangerous NYC that is no longer giving it rare historical/ethnographic value as well. [PAR] And R8 is absolutely right about Fonda's performance in \"They Shoot Horses, Don't They?\" two years earlier. She absolutely should've won that year of Smith's admittedly great in \"Brodie.\" [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 10 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] [quote]The film is also a time capsule of a gritty, dangerous NYC that is no longer giving it rare historical/ethnographic value as well. [PAR] Oh, God...there are tons of them...most of them more interesting than this snorefest. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] [quote]Bree's scenes with her therapist rival anything you'll find in a female-centered film today. [PAR] Those scenes were largely improvised or the dialogue was written by Fonda, which makes it even more impressive. [PAR] Fonda was at her best here. Absolutely amazing. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 12 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] In this movie Fonda has the grooviest early Seventies pad in all of cinema. It is beyond fabulous. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 13 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] It's a great piece of 70's American filmmaking. I loved the tough, noirish cynicism. Roy Schneider's in it, and Candy Darling. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 14 [PAR] 08/05/2014 [PAR] List them then, R11. And not just"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pitt Rivers Museum | Facebook \u00b7 Yesterday at 6:29am \u00b7 [PAR] Journeys! Become an explorer for the night; trace the journeys of various anthropologists connected to the Pitt Rivers Museum, have a look at their personal belongings, discover what objects were valuable to them. [PAR] Students from the University of Oxford and Oxford Brookes University Anthropology Society \u2018takeover' the museum with an event inspired by the Pitt Rivers Museum's collections, taking place on the 3 of February 2017. There'll be a specially developed audiovisual trai...l uncovering alternative stories, particularly in relation to the hidden histories of the inspirational women connected to the Museum. Enjoy world music, talks on women at the Pitt Rivers Museum, a pop-up exhibition, and cash bar. #JourneysPRM [PAR] Join the student's Facebook event and share photos of objects you would take on your journey...get ready to see your objects pop up at the event! [PAR] \u00b7 January 6 at 2:18am \u00b7 [PAR] We are really excited to be working with Tales of our City , a new community project setting out to create a conversation through time about queer life in Oxford. It is a particularly exciting time for Tales of our City as 2017 marks 50 years since the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality. This land mark has led them to ask: what can we learn from the past that will shed more light about our community and our lives today? [PAR] The first Pitt Rivers Museum and Tales of our Cit...y collaboration will be at Out In Oxford: Party at the Pitt on 11th Feb ( http://bit.ly/2hZExrj ). Tales of the City will takeover the museum's library for the night, bringing along their archive of local queer ephemera from the 1970's, 80's and 90s. Come find out what Oxford's gay women got up to on Tuesdays in 1983 and why something called Project October caused so much excitement in 1991... [PAR] Free tickets for Party at the Pitt will be available from the 11th January.[DOC] [TLE] Pitt Rivers Museum \u2013 Oxford, England | Atlas Obscura Pitt Rivers Museum \u2013 Oxford, England | Atlas Obscura [PAR] See more things to do in Oxford \u00bb [PAR] In 1884, Pitt Rivers bequeathed his collection of 18,000 objects (and part of his name) to the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Besides the objects he also bequeathed a unique curatorial eye. Under the influence of Charles Darwin, he organized his objects by type, and within type, chronologically. This chronological organization demonstrated the evolution of human artifacts over time, a strategy we see in many contemporary museums but which was revolutionary compared to the haphazard curiosity cabinets of the era. [PAR] Since its founding, the museum has acquired more than 300,000 objects, donated from scholars, anthropologists and travelers. Due to its large collection, the display cases are packed and exhibitions change with great frequency. In the museum today the objects are grouped by function, showing the evolution overtime of baskets or \u201csmoking and other stimulants.\u201d [PAR] The Pitt Rivers Museum is a museum within a museum, a mysterious cavern attached to the back of the larger Oxford University Museum of Natural History, which offers exhibitions on Geology, Mineralogy, Zoology and Entomology. [PAR] The Upper Gallery of the Pitt Rivers Museum has recently reopened, with displays of firearms and other weaponry, playing cards, dice, tattoos, and body piercings."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barrel making - RootsWeb Barrel making [PAR] Search billions of records on Ancestry.com [PAR] Cooper or Barrel maker [PAR] On early census records an occupation listed was \"Cooper.\" I thought it might be fun to let you see what your ancestor did for a living if he was thus employed. Having read many pages on the subject, I set forth, here a synopis of the vocation, trusting that you will folow links for more reading. If anyone would like to add to this, please feel free to write the Baker Block Museum. You will find many of the tools for this trade at the museum. Enjoy! [PAR] Cooper - n. - a person whose work is making or repairing barrels and casks (Webster\" New World Dictionary). Cooperage, from same source indicates it is the workshop of or work done by a Cooper. For a first-rate look at the process go to: http://www.beekmanwine.com/prevtopah.htm [PAR] In the 1800s in Europe as well as in our fledgling country a man skilled at making barrels was an important person. Many goods were shipped and stored in barrels (also called casks, tuns, kegs or hogsheads depending on the area of the world and the size of the container). [PAR] We often think in terms of wine or whiskey when we think of the things likely to be contained in a barrel. But, all sorts of foods were stored in barrels. Sauerkraut was fermented and stored in them. Fish, meats and some vegetables were dried and salted then stored and transported in them. Most any item that could be stored for a length of time would be stored in a barrel to keep out vermin. Fragile items such as eggs would be packed in them among layers of straw to keep them cooler as well as to keep them from breaking. [PAR] Barrels were great -- they could be rolled down ship gangplanks; have wheels and handles attached to them so a man could cart them about; be strapped onto a pack animal; be strapped together to float behind a raft down a river. One could bury them in a stream or cool earth as refrigerating units. They have been cut in half to feed or water stock, make a cradle for a child, or act as a large mixing bowl for any number of reasons. They were made of any tree that could be worked. Oak was the preferred wood for wine and whiskey casks as the grain is fine and the containers could more easily be made waterproof. Modified, they become butter churns, buckets and wash tubs. [PAR] One of the biggest uses for barrels in Northwest Florida in the nineteenth century was in the Turpentine Industry. Differing sized barrels were necessary for the storage and shipping of the products (called Naval Stores), pitch, tar, turpentine and such. Most of the larger camps had their own Cooper, often trained by his father or grandfather. Many were Scots while some were blacks who had been taught by the barrel maker on the plantation where they lived. These men were skilled technicians, fashioning barrels from raw wood through many processes. Often they had to fell a tree, cut it into boards, fashion the correctly sized and shaped staves for a particular type of barrel and dry the wood before they could even start building a barrel. A keen eye was needed to assure there were no knots or weak grain in the wood used. Each stave must be strong and well made. Selecting the right tree for the job was quite a knack and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond (1430 - 1456) - Genealogy Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond (1430 - 1456) - Genealogy [PAR] Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Royal Manor of Hadham, Hertfordshire, England [PAR] Death: [PAR] Saint David's Cathedral, Pembrokeshire, Wales [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] 1430 - Much Hadham Palace, Hertfordshire or Hadham, Bedfordshire, England [PAR] Death: [PAR] Nov 1 1456 - Carmarthen Castle, South Wales [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Sir Owen Tudor, Catherine England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Henry of England [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Jasper Tudor, Tacinda Tudor, Mary Tudor, David Tudor, Owen Tudor, Edward Tudor, Margaret Catherine Tudor, Thomas Tudor [PAR] July 13 1430 - Much Hadham Palace In Hertfordshire Or, Bedfordshire, England [PAR] Death: [PAR] Between Jan 10 1430 and Jan 9 1431 - Little Hadham, Hertfordshire, England [PAR] Death: [PAR] Nov 12 1456 - Carmarten Castle, Wales, England [PAR] Mother: [PAR] Henry VII King of England Tudor, Henry VII Tudor [PAR] Brother: [PAR] brother [PAR] About Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond [PAR] \"Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond (1430 \u2013 1 or 3 November 1456), also known as Edmund of Hadham (Welsh: Edmwnd Tudur), was the father of King Henry VII of England and a member of the Tudor family of Penmynydd, North Wales.\" [PAR] ==================================================================== [PAR] ==================================================================== [PAR] Citations / Sources: [PAR] [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 148. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Family. [PAR] [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family, page 148, says 1 November. [PAR] [S8] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, page 220. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition. [PAR] [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 45. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [PAR] [S338] Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families (2004), Richardson, Douglas, edited by Kamball G. Everingham, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004), FHL book 942 D5rd., p. xxix. [PAR] [S452] #21 The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant (1910), Cokayne, George Edward (main author) and Vicary Gibbs (added author), (New edition. 13 volumes in 14. London: St. Catherine Press,1910-), vol. 1 p. 28; vol. 2 p. 45 fn. (c), 73, 206; vol. 4 p. 207. [PAR] [S2436] #4569 Welsh Genealogies AD 1400-1500 (1983), Bartrum, Peter C. (Peter Clement), (18 volumes, with supplements containing additions and corrections. Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales, 1983), FHL book 942.9 D2bw., vol. 8 p. 1284*; vol. 9 p. 1567. [PAR] [S712] #1039 Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families: with Their Collateral Branches in Denbighshire, Merionethshire (1914), Griffith, John Edwards, (Horncastle, England: W.K. Morton, 1914), FHL book Folio 942.9 D2gr; FHL microfilm 468,334., p. I, 26, 106*, 158*, 223*. [PAR] [S1800] #771 The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fodog and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen and Meirionydd (1881-1887), Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, (6 volumes. London: T. Richards, 1881-1887), FHL book 942.9 D2L; FHL microfilms 990,213-990,214.,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many planets in the Solar System have rings? | Cool Cosmos How many planets in the Solar System have rings? | Cool Cosmos [PAR] [PAR] How many planets in the Solar System have rings? [PAR] Four the planets in the Solar System have rings. They are the four giant gas planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Saturn, which has by far the largest ring system, was known to have rings for a long time. It was not until the 1970s that rings were discovered around the other gas planets. The rings around Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune are much smaller, darker, and fainter than the rings of Saturn. Rings around gas giants are thought to be transient over the the lifetime of the planetary system. That is, if we had lived at a very different time, perhaps we would not see big rings around Saturn, but another one of the gas giants. [PAR] Continue the conversation on[DOC] [TLE] Which Planets Have Rings? - Universe Today Which Planets Have Rings? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Planetary rings are an interesting phenomena. The mere mention of these two words tends to conjure up images of Saturn, with its large and colorful system of rings that form an orbiting disk. But in fact, several other planets in our Solar System have rings. It\u2019s just that, unlike Saturn, their systems are less visible, and perhaps less beautiful to behold. [PAR] Thanks to exploration efforts mounted in the past few decades, which have seen space probes dispatched to the outer Solar System, we have come to understand that all the gas giants \u2013 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune \u2013 all have their own ring systems. And that\u2019s not all! In fact, ring systems may be more common than previously thought\u2026 [PAR] Jupiter\u2019s Rings: [PAR] In was not until 1979 that the rings of Jupiter were discovered when the Voyager 1 space probe conducted a flyby of the planet. They were also thoroughly investigated in the 1990s by the Galileo orbiter. Because it is composed mainly of dust, the ring system is faint and can only be observed by the most powerful telescopes, or up-close by orbital spacecraft. However, during the past twenty-three years, it has been observed from Earth numerous times, as well as by the Hubble Space Telescope . [PAR] A schema of Jupiter\u2019s ring system showing the four main components. Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell University [PAR] The ring system has four main components: a thick inner torus of particles known as the \u201chalo ring\u201d; a relatively bright, but extremely thin \u201cmain ring\u201d; and two wide, thick, and faint outer \u201cgossamer rings\u201d. These outer rings are composed of material from the moons Amalthea and Thebe and are named after these moons (i.e. the \u201cAmalthea Ring\u201d and \u201cThebe Ring\u201d). [PAR] The main and halo rings consist of dust ejected from the moons Metis, Adrastea, and other unobserved parent bodies as the result of high-velocity impacts. Scientists believe that a ring could even exist around the moon of Himalia\u2019s orbit, which could have been created when another small moon crashed into it and caused material to be ejected from the surface. [PAR] Saturn\u2019s Rings: [PAR] The rings of Saturn , meanwhile, have been known for centuries. Although Galileo Galilei became the first person to observe the rings of Saturn in 1610, he did not have a powerful enough telescope to discern their true nature. It was not until 1655 that Christiaan Huygens, the Dutch mathematician and scientist, became the first person to describe them as a disk surrounding the planet."
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wacky Races - Wacky Races Wiki - Wikia Wacky Races | Wacky Races Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The series ran on CBS from September 14 , 1968 to January 4 , 1969. Seventeen episodes were produced, with each episode featuring two different races, for a total of 34 races in all. [PAR] Attempting to foil the racers' efforts were the show's resident villains Dick Dastardly and his canine sidekick, Muttley. Dastardly would usually gain a large lead, then execute all sorts of elaborate schemes to trap, divert, blow up or stop the other racers, only to see them backfire spectacularly. The intended object lesson may have been that Dastardly might have easily won several races had he only kept his mind on the race and off dirty tricks. The Mean Machine was arguably the fastest car in the series, as evidenced by Dastardly's repeatedly zooming to a stunning lead from far behind. Like Wile E. Coyote , Dastardly never saw victory, although on one occasion he did cross the finish line first only to be disqualified when the judges reviewed the video replay, revealing that Dastardly had cheated (by extending the tip of his car). Many of Dastardly's plots look similar to those used in Road Runner cartoons, perhaps because Mike Maltese was a scriptwriter on both series. Wacky Races was inspired by the 1965 film The Great Race , and the main characters in the cartoon were based on those in the film. Penelope Pitstop (who would later have a spinoff series) took on the appearance of Maggie DuBois, played by Natalie Wood, including her pink outfit and her car's parasol. Dastardly has much in common with Jack Lemmon's portrayal of Professor Fate. Fate and his sidekick, Max Meen ( Peter Falk ), indulge in similar acts of sabotage and Max has Muttley's knack for making mistakes. Although Fate's car does not look much like the Mean Machine, it does bear the familiar spike on the front and is equipped with smoke screen, cannon, and other assorted gadgets. [PAR] One of the musical themes, used in the show, was used as the opening and closing segments of the spin off show \"Perils of Penelope Pitstop.\" [PAR] One of the original plans for the series was that the races themselves would be part of a live-action quiz show with Merrill Heatter and Bob Quigley Productions, the team behind the television series Hollywood Squares. Heatter-Quigley's plan was that contestants would actually bet on which Wacky Racer would cross the finish line first. Although the game show concept was eventually scrubbed, the series still retained a Hanna-Barbera Heatter-Quigley dual production credit. [PAR] In 1988, a made-for-TV movie, Around The World With The Wacky Racers, was planned as part of Hanna-Barbera's Superstars 10 series of TV movies, but it never got past the concept stage. [PAR] Drivers, characters and cars [PAR] The eleven racers and their numbers are: [PAR] Dick Dastardly and Muttley in the Mean Machine 00 (The double 'O'/ The Double Zero) [PAR] Edit [PAR] The villains of the series, in a purple, rocket-powered car with an abundance of concealed weapons and ability to fly. Dick Dastardly would concoct a plan or set a trap once he got into the lead of the race to make sure no other car would catch up to him; however, every plan backfired. Ironically, many tricks Dastardly uses are not unlike the ones the other racers use, though only his are referred to as \"cheating.\" Most of his traps always fail, with Dastardly being the one who gets"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edouard Daladier Edouard Daladier [PAR] Edouard Daladier [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] Edouard Daladier [PAR] Edouard Daladier was born in Carpentras, France, on 18th June, 1884. Daladier studied at Lyons under Edouard Herriot and as a member of the Radical Party , he was elected as mayor of Carpentras in 1911. [PAR] In 1911 Daladier entered the Chamber of Deputies. Nicknamed the \"Bull of Vaucluse\", he eventually replaced Herriot as leader of the party. In June, 1924, Daladier was appointed as minister of the colonies. Over the next nine years he held several posts including minister of war. [PAR] Daladier became prime minister in January, 1933, but his government only survived for seven months. A second government, in 1934, only lasted for a few weeks. [PAR] Concerned by the emergence of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany , a group of left-wing politicians, led by Leon Blum , Maurice Thorez , Edouard Herriot , Daniel Mayer formed the Popular Front in 1934. Parties involved in the agreement included the Communist Party , the Socialist Party and Daladier's Radical Party . [PAR] The parties involved in the Popular Front did well in the 1936 parliamentary elections and won a total of 376 seats. Leon Blum , leader of the Socialist Party , now become prime minister of France and Daladier became Minister of War. [PAR] Once in power the Popular Front government introduced the 40 hour week and other social reforms. It also nationalized the Bank of France and the armaments industry. [PAR] At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War Daladier supported Blum's attempt to provide military aid to the Popular Front government in Spain . However, after coming under pressure from Stanley Baldwin and Anthony Eden in Britain , and more right-wing members of the government, he changed his mind and began advocating a policy of neutrality. [PAR] In April, 1938, Daladier once again became prime minister. He was a supporter of appeasement and on 29th September, 1938, he joined with Adolf Hitler , Neville Chamberlain and Benito Mussolini in signing the Munich Agreement which transferred to Germany the Sudetenland , a fortified frontier region that contained a large German-speaking population."
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Back to the Future (1985) - IMDb Back to the Future (1985) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Back to the Future ( 1985 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] Marty McFly, a 17-year-old high school student, is accidentally sent 30 years into the past in a time-traveling DeLorean invented by his close friend, the maverick scientist Doc Brown. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 02 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 30 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: Back to the Future (1985) [PAR] 8.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 18 wins & 26 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After visiting 2015, Marty McFly must repeat his visit to 1955 to prevent disastrous changes to 1985...without interfering with his first trip. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] Enjoying a peaceable existence in 1885, Doctor Emmet Brown is about to be killed by Buford \"Mad Dog\" Tannen. Marty McFly travels back in time to save his friend. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] A cyborg, identical to the one who failed to kill Sarah Connor, must now protect her teenage son, John Connor, from a more advanced cyborg. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] Archaeologist and adventurer Indiana Jones is hired by the U.S. government to find the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] During a preview tour, a theme park suffers a major power breakdown that allows its cloned dinosaur exhibits to run amok. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] When Dr. Henry Jones Sr. suddenly goes missing while pursuing the Holy Grail, eminent archaeologist Indiana Jones must follow in his father's footsteps and stop the Nazis. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A computer hacker learns from mysterious rebels about the true nature of his reality and his role in the war against its controllers. [PAR] Directors: Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski [PAR] Stars: Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X [PAR] A seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg is sent from 2029 to 1984 to assassinate a waitress, whose unborn son will lead humanity in a war against the machines, while a soldier from that war is sent to protect her at all costs. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] After the rebels have been brutally overpowered by the Empire on their newly established base, Luke Skywalker takes advanced Jedi training with Master Yoda, while his friends are pursued by Darth Vader as part of his plan to capture Luke. [PAR] Director: Irvin Kershner [PAR] Forrest Gump, while"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colour words in Dutch - Omniglot Colours in Dutch [PAR] wit - white - zilver (heraldic name - silver) [PAR] wit wegtrekken = to become pale (of fear) [PAR] spierwit ('as white as a muscle') = very white. [PAR] rood - red - keel (heraldic name) [PAR] vuurrood ('firy red') = very red (used e.g. when somebody is blushing heavily). [PAR] geel - yellow - goud (heraldic name - gold) [PAR] groen en geel van nijd / jaloezie ('green and yellow with anger / envy') [PAR] groentje ('greenie') = rookie, freshman. [PAR] blauw - blue - azuur, lazuur (heraldic name) [PAR] bont en blauw ('many-coloured and blue') = black and blue, e.g. 'Ik ben bont en blauw geslagen' = I have been beaten up really bad. [PAR] blauwe maandag ('blue Monday'), used in e.g.: 'Ik heb daar wel eens een blauwe maandag gewerkt' = I have had a job there for a very short time. [PAR] Het staat blauw (van de rook) ('The place is blue (with smoke)'), used when e.g. a room is filled up with (cigarette) smoke. [PAR] groen - green - sinopel (heraldic name) [PAR] groen en geel van nijd / jaloezie ('green and yellow with anger / envy') [PAR] bruin - brown [PAR] rose / roze - pink [PAR] een roze bril ophebben ('to wear pink glasses') = to be in love; to see things from a romantic perspective (through rose-tinted spectacles) [PAR] oranje - orange [PAR] appeltjes van oranje ('little apples of orange') = oranges, normally called sinaasappels (< 'China's apples') or appelsienen in the south of the Dutch-speaking area. Amongst others, the term is used in an old Sinterklaas song, and there may be an connection with the Dutch royal family, the 'Oranjes'. [PAR] grijs - grey [PAR] paars / purper (archaic) / violet - purple - purper (heraldic name) [PAR] pimpelpaars ('as purple as a pimple') = very purple. [PAR] lila - lilac[DOC] [TLE] Translate yellow from English to Dutch - Interglot Translate yellow from English to Dutch [PAR] Translate yellow from English to Dutch [PAR] Search [PAR] English to Dutch: more detail... [PAR] yellow: [PAR] User Contributed Translations for yellow: [PAR] gele [PAR] Detailed Translations for yellow from English to Dutch [PAR] yellow: [PAR] to yellow verb (yellows, yellowed, yellowing) [PAR] to yellow [PAR] vergelen verb (vergeel, vergeelt, vergeelde, vergeelden, vergeeld) [PAR] Conjugations for yellow: [PAR] 1. I, 2. you, 3. he/she/it, 4. we, 5. you, 6. they [PAR] Translation Matrix for yellow: [PAR] yellowness , yellowing, yellowed , yellows, yellower, yellowest [PAR] Synonyms for \"yellow\": [PAR] Related Definitions for \"yellow\": [PAR] easily frightened1 [PAR] of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk1 [PAR] affected by jaundice which causes yellowing of skin etc1 [PAR] cowardly or treacherous1 [PAR] the little yellow stain of treason1 [PAR] too yellow to stand and fight1 [PAR] changed to a yellowish color by age1 [PAR] typical of tabloids1 [PAR] yellow color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of sunflowers or ripe lemons1 [PAR] turn yellow1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ARCHERY TERMS GLOSSARY - Legend Archery ARCHERY TERMS GLOSSARY - Legend Archery [PAR] ARCHERY TERMS GLOSSARY [PAR] Actionwood: A preferable choice of material used for primary arm which is made using \u2018rock maple\u2019. [PAR] Aluminium: A popular choice of metal that is used in the making of modern time arrows. [PAR] Aim: A focused attempt for directing the arrow towards its goal. [PAR] Anchor: A stable spot of the bowstring arm (on jaw/cheek) during the aim. Also known as \u2018anchor point\u2019. [PAR] AMO Length: The systematic length for gauging the bowstrings. Here, AMO stands for \u2018Archery Manufacturers and Merchants Organization\u2019 [PAR] Archer: Archer is an individual who is well versed in shooting by using a bow and arrow. [PAR] Archer\u2019s Paradox: The reaction that is being produced by the bending of an arrow as it departs from the bow. [PAR] Archery: The method of shooting the arrows by making use of a bow. [PAR] Arm guard: A strap on the bow arm that is used for protection against the impact of the bowstring during release. [PAR] Arrow: The projectile shot using a bow. Most typically, it would be a linear, slender rod. [PAR] Arrowhead: This is generally a distinctive piece that is sealed to an arrow shaft. This is the hitting end of an arrow. [PAR] Arrow Nock: A notch at the edge of an arrow for accepting the bowstring. [PAR] Arrow Plate: A piece of shell that is placed on the lateral side of the bow and above the handle where the arrow crosses when it is expelled from the bow. The function of the arrow plate is to get the arrow chaffing during the release. [PAR] Arrow Rest: A tool on the arrow shelf that is used for holding the arrow until the release. [PAR] Arrow Shaft: A rod from which the arrow is made. This is the arrow before it is cut, feathered and pointed. [PAR] Arrow Shelf: This is where the arrow sits and is above the bow\u2019s handle/grip. [PAR] Arrowsmith: This term is widely used for denoting the person who makes an arrow although originally, this was used to denote the person who makes arrowheads. [PAR] Ascham: A wooden cabinet in which the bows and/or arrows are stored. [PAR] Back: The surface of the bow that is facing away from the person who draws the bow. [PAR] Backing: A piece of material that is placed at the bow\u2019s back for strengthening the limbs. [PAR] Backset: A bow design in which the limbs face away from the archer (backward in reflex position). This would preload the limbs upon bracing. [PAR] Ballista: A larger cross-bow of the middle ages that had the capacity to fire larger rocks. [PAR] Banana Fletch: A feathering design which has the highest part of the arc at the center. Both the ends will be tapered equally. [PAR] Barb: A protuberance on an arrow which makes it difficult to pull back. [PAR] Barebow: The process of shooting without any bow sight or release aids. [PAR] Barrelled Arrow: An arrow design in which it is heavier at the center and tapered towards both the ends. [PAR] Belly: The side of the bowstring which would face the shooter at the time when bow is drawn. [PAR] Billet: A short piece attached at the handle for making selfbows. Billets will be split side by side in the same log for getting identical limb performance attributes. [PAR] Blunt: An arrow without a sharpened head. This is usually designed for use in small games. [PAR] Bob-tailed Arrow: An arrow design in which it is bulkier at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Historic Figures: Marie Stopes (1880 - 1958) BBC - History - Historic Figures: Marie Stopes (1880 - 1958) [PAR] Historic Figures [PAR] z [PAR] Marie Stopes, 1918 \u00a9 Stopes was a campaigner for women's rights and a pioneer in the field of family planning. [PAR] Marie Stopes was born on 15 October 1880 in Edinburgh to an archaeologist father and scholarly mother who was also a suffragist. Her studies as a paleobotanist took her to universities in London and Munich, then to Manchester where she became the first female member of the science faculty at the university. In 1911, she married Reginald Ruggles Gates. The relationship quickly broke down, and Marie realised that her husband was impotent and the marriage was unconsummated. It was annulled in 1914. [PAR] Stopes' reading on the subject prompted her first book 'Married Love', which was published in 1918. The book was condemned by churches, the medical establishment and the press but was very popular, selling 2,000 copies within a fortnight. Thousands of women wrote to ask her advice. Marie Stopes became famous overnight, and used the publicity to advance her cause. A second book, 'Wise Parenthood', followed. In the same year, Stopes married Humphrey Verdon Roe who was very supportive of her views. They had a son in 1924. [PAR] In 1921, Stopes opened a family planning clinic in Holloway, north London, the first in the country. It offered a free service to married women and also gathered data about contraception. In 1925, the clinic moved to central London and others opened across the country. By 1930, other family planning organisations had been set up and they joined forces with Stopes to form the National Birth Control Council (later the Family Planning Association). [PAR] The Catholic church was Stopes's fiercest critic. In 1923, Stopes sued Catholic doctor Halliday Sutherland for libel. She lost, won at appeal and then lost again in the House of Lords, but the case generated huge publicity for Stopes's views. [PAR] Stopes continued to campaign for women to have better access to birth control, but spent most of the last two decades of her life writing poetry. She died on 2 October 1958."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seoul Incheon International Airport Seoul Incheon Airport (ICN) [PAR] Services [PAR] Seoul Airport - Incheon (ICN) [PAR] Use this website to quickly find the most important information about the main airport in South Korea, called Incheon International Airport or Seoul-Incheon International Airport: Departures, Arrivals, Parking, Car Rentals, Hotels near the airport and other information about Seoul airport. Plan your travel to ICN Airport with the information provided in this site. [PAR] [PAR] Seoul Airport, known officially as Incheon International Airport (IATA: ICN, ICAO: RKSI) is located 30 miles west of Seoul, the largest city and the capital of South Korea. [PAR] The airport serves as the main hub for Asiana Airlines, Jeju Air, Korean Air and Polar Air Cargo. The Seoul airport operates as a hub for cargo traffic and international civilian air transportation in East Asia. [PAR] The Seoul airport is the eighth busiest airport in terms of international passengers (2015) with more than 49M passengers per year [PAR] Seoul Airport (IATA: ICN) is located 30 miles (48 km) west of Seoul [PAR] he airport operates as a hub for cargo traffic and international civilian air transportation in East Asia [PAR] Is the largest airport in South Korea and one of the busiest and largest airports in the world [PAR] Seoul has many cultural and historical landmarks as the Emperor Palace, the main royal palace built in 1395 of the Joseon dynasty [PAR] Most of the flights operated at Incheon Airport (ICN) are domestic and shuttle flights that alternate the airports in Taiwan, China and Japan. Seoul airport is connected to the mainland through the 130 Expressway. [PAR] In 2015 the airport handled more than 49 million passengers. It is ranked as the world\u2019s and Asia\u2019s 8th busiest airport in terms of International Passengers. It is rated as the 4th busiest airport by cargo traffic. [PAR] Terminal information [PAR] Seoul Airport has a Main Terminal for passengers and in 2017 it is going to open a new one. The Main Airport is going to be named as Terminal 1 and the new terminal, Terminal 2. [PAR] In addition, there\u2019s a Passenger Concourse connected to the Main Terminal by two parallel 870-metre (2,850 ft) underground passageways equipped with IATs (Intra Airport Transit). [PAR] [PAR] The Main Passenger Terminal is the largest airport terminal in area in South Korea with 44 boarding ports, 120 arrival passport inspection counters, 50 customs inspection ports, over 250 check-in desks and 120 departure passport inspection counters, and more. [PAR] [PAR] The Passenger Concourse has 30 boarding gates (101-132) and 6 lounges available for passengers of different airlines. Seoul Airport has also a Cargo Terminal Complex with 6 cargo terminals. [PAR] Since 2015 it has an automatic check-in counter lane and it can be used for passengers travelling via Asiana Airlines, Korean Air and China Southern Airlines. [PAR] Car Rental"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meet the Characters | In The Night Garden Meet the Characters | In The Night Garden [PAR] The Tittifers [PAR] Igglepiggle [PAR] Igglepiggle is physical and energetic - a well-loved teddy always jumping and bouncing around. He's curious and adventurous, but also vulnerable and modest. Despite his energy he is often in need of reassurance and comfort, which he gets from his best friend Upsy Daisy and his red blanket. [PAR] Upsy Daisy [PAR] Upsy Daisy is a happy and optimistic dolly. She loves nothing more than to dance through the garden and often convinces other character to join in. One of her favourite things is her bed, which has a mind of its own and can often be seen chasing her around the garden. [PAR] Makka Pakka [PAR] Makka Pakka lives in a little cave at the edge of the garden and likes nothing more than collecting and washing little stones - he'll often wash the faces of the other characters too. He travels around the garden pushing his Og-Pog vehicle, which carries his soap and sponge, his uff-uff dryer and his special trumpet. [PAR] The Tombliboos [PAR] There are three Tombliboos - Unn who is red and green, Ooo who is brown and pink and Eee who is pink and yellow. They live together in an extraordinary bush, where they enjoy stacking and sorting their special blocks, banging their drums and making tunes on their piano. [PAR] The Pontipines and The Wottingers [PAR] The Pontipines are a large family of 10 that live in a semi-detached house at the foot of a tree. There are 8 children, 4 of which are girls and four of which are boys and they are always dressed in red. Their next-door neighbours are the Wottingers, who also have 8 children and they are always dressed in blue. [PAR] The Haahoos [PAR] The Haahoos are five enormous pillowy creatures who roam about the garden at a leisurely pace that is entirey their own. They are sedate and gentle, but are so big they often stop the Ninky Nonk in its tracks - no small feat! [PAR] The Ninky Nonk and The Pinky Ponk [PAR] The Ninky Nonk and the Pinky Ponk are the only forms of transport for the characters in the garden, but they couldn't be more different! The Ninky Nonk is a funny kind of train which careers through hedges and clambers up and down trees all over the garden. The Pinky Ponk is a kind of airship which glides gracefully in the air, providing wonderful aerial views of the garden for all those on board. [PAR] The Tittifers [PAR] The Tittifers are brightly coloured birds that sing as individuals throughout the programme, and then together form a beautiful harmony as a signal for bedtime. [PAR] For News & Competitions :"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline - BBC BBC - History - British History in depth: Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline [PAR] On This Day [PAR] Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline [PAR] Do you know which prime minister brought 'fallen women' to 10 Downing Street? Or which one fought a duel? Or who was known as 'the Goat'? [PAR] Take a political journey through nearly 300 years of high ideals and low cunning, from Gordon Brown to the first man to hold prime ministerial powers, Robert Walpole. [PAR] Margaret Thatcher [PAR] Conservative, 1979 - 1990 [PAR] Britain's first female prime minister came to power with the country descending into industrial and economic chaos. A relatively inexperienced politician, she nonetheless adopted a personal style of indomitable self-confidence and brooked no weakness in herself or her colleagues. Derisively dubbed the 'Iron Lady' by the Soviet press, she wore the moniker with pride. Her government's free-market policies included trade liberalisation, deregulation, sweeping privatisation, breaking the power of the unions, focus on the individual and the creation of an 'enterprise culture'. 'Thatcherism' has had a profound and lasting economic and social impact on Britain, and still sharply divides opinion to this day. The first PM to serve three consecutive terms (including two 'landslide' victories) she was eventually toppled by her own party following the disastrous imposition of a 'poll tax'. Nonetheless, she is generally considered to be one of the best peace time prime ministers of the 20th Century. [PAR] James Callaghan [PAR] Labour, 1976 - 1979 [PAR] Callaghan inherited the office of prime minister following the surprise resignation of Harold Wilson. With only a tiny parliamentary majority to support him, he faced an increasingly one-sided confrontation with organised labour in the form of rampant strike action. Things came to a head in the so-called 'Winter of Discontent', a phrase from Shakespeare borrowed by Callaghan himself to describe the events leading up to February 1979. Britain was 'strikebound', with public servants staging mass walk outs, leaving food and fuel supplies undelivered, rubbish uncollected and - most notoriously - bodies unburied. Things became so bad in Hull it was dubbed 'the second Stalingrad'. The tabloid press has since been accused of overstating the severity of the situation (and wrongly quoting him as saying 'Crisis? What Crisis?') but it was enough at the time to sound the death knell for Callaghan's government later in the same year. [PAR] Harold Wilson [PAR] Labour, 1974 - 1976 [PAR] In March 1974, Wilson became prime minister for the third time at the head of a minority government, following the first hung parliament (one where no party holds a majority) for 45 years. Often described as a wily fixer and negotiator, it took all of his skills to hold on to power in the face of economic and industrial turmoil. His party was also sharply divided, with many Labour members of parliament (MPs) bitter about Wilson's manoeuvring against his colleagues. He called another general election in October 1974, thereby ending the shortest parliament since 1681, and was returned to office with a majority of just three seats. He presided over a referendum on Britain's membership of the European Economic Community (EEC), and a collapse in the value of the pound which prompted a humiliating 'rescue operation' by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Exhausted, Wilson resigned saying 'politicians should not go on and on'. [PAR] Edward Heath [PAR] Conservative, 1970 - 1974 [PAR] Heath succeeded in taking Britain into the European Economic Community (EEC), the precursor to the European Union, despite two previous failed attempts by Britain to gain entry,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Seas of Asia : UnderwaterAsia.info The Seas of Asia : UnderwaterAsia.info [PAR] The Line & The Triangle [PAR] Lembeh Strait is considered to be an engine room of evolution. [PAR] To the south of the Philippines, separated from the Sulu Sea by an ocean ridge, is the Celebes Sea. [PAR] Part of the Coral Triangle, the Celebes Sea reaches the coast of northern Sulawesi, an incredibly rich & diverse part of Asia that is home to Bunaken National Park and the legendary Lembeh Strait- considered by many to be the earth\u2019s engine room of marine evolution. The Celebes Sea is part of an ancient ocean basin and plummets to depths of over 6km. [PAR] To the east, the Celebes Sea opens out in the the Pacific Ocean, while to the south, it meets the Makassar Strait. [PAR] This region sprung to prominence among scientists in the 19th century, when the Wallacea Line theory was proposed. This line passes from the Celebes Sea, through the straits of Makassar & Lomok then out into the Indian Ocean. It marks the boundary between two distinct groups of wildlife. To the south & east, animals are of Australian origin, while to the west, wildlife is distinctly Asian. In days of lower sea levels, many of south east Asia\u2019s islands were linked by land, but this deep stretch of water that marks the line of Wallacea prevented further expansion, explaining the distinct wildlife groups on adjacent islands. [PAR] Crossing to the southern hemisphere and heading east to Papua New Guinea, we find the Bismark & Soloman Seas. The marine life here bears greater similarities to that of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea off Australia\u2019s north-eastern coast. The area marks the south-eastern tip of the Coral Triangle and, until fairly recently, was thought to possess the greatest diversity of coral & fish species on earth. [PAR] That accolade is currently held by the tiny Halmahera Sea off the north eastern tip of Western Papua. Sitting almost exactly on the equator, this sea is home to 600 different species of coral and around 1300 fish species. It is possible to dive at Raja Ampat & Fak-Fak, in the Halmahera Sea, by Liveaboard from slightly less remote parts of Indonesia. [PAR] To the south of here, the shallow Arafura Sea stretches across to the northern coast of Australia and, in the west, meets the Timor Sea. The Timor Sea, like the Arafura, is primarily a shallow sea, with the exception of a deep trough to the north. It empties out into the southern Indian Ocean to the west. [PAR] To the north of this area, we re-enter the Coral Triangle through the strait of Alor and find the seas Banda & Molucca - home to the Moluccas, a group of islands famed in days gone by as the Spice Islands. The Banda Islands and Ambon are two of the excellent dive spots in the area, along with Alor to the south. [PAR] Wakatobi, off the south-eastern arm of Sulawesi, lies between the Banda Sea the Flores Sea. Wakatobi is one of the few areas that has all 3 types of reef system - fringing reef, barrier reef and atolls. The Flores Sea is another incredibly productive sea, with spectacular marine life off the southern arms of Sulwesi and all around Flores, Komodo & Sumbawa to the south. [PAR] The straits between the Nusa Tengarra island chain of Indonesia, including Flores, Sumbawa & Lombok, have some of the strongest currents on earth due to the Indonesia Throughflow. The Indonesian throughflow is a massive transference"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Turkey's Sertab Erener Wins 2003 Eurovision Song Contest ... Turkey's Sertab Erener Wins 2003 Eurovision Song Contest - 2003-05-25 [PAR] Turkey's Sertab Erener Wins 2003 Eurovision Song Contest - 2003-05-25 [PAR] October 29, 2009 7:03 PM [PAR] Share [PAR] Email to a Friend [PAR] Print [PAR] Turkey for the first time has been proclaimed the winner of this year's Eurovision Song Contest, following a fiercely fought battle with Russia and Belgium. At the opposite end of the ratings came the United Kingdom, the only contestant to score zero points in the event. This year's competition was in Latvia. [PAR] \"Ladies and gentleman, the winner of tonight's show [is] Turkey, and there is celebration in the sky.\" [PAR] And indeed, when the winner was announced, fireworks illuminated the skies over Riga, capital of Latvia. [PAR] But not everyone was overjoyed by the outcome. As he watched the spectacle, British radio commentator Ken Bruce noted that the United Kingdom had its worst performance in Eurovision history. \"The ashes that are falling from the sky are landing in my mouth. United Kingdom with no points at the end of a Eurovision Song Contest. I never thought I would hear myself saying that,\" he said. [PAR] Britain's previous worst Eurovision placing was in 2000, when Nicki French took 16th place with a song prophetically titled Don't Play That Song Again. [PAR] Some commentators saw a connection between the U.K. failure and European anger over British support for the American-led war in Iraq. Others said it was simply that the Liverpool performers Chris Cromby, 21, and Gemma Abbey, 20, did not have what it takes. [PAR] But victory was sweet for the scantily-clad Sertab Erener of Turkey, whose winning song was Every Way That I Can. [PAR] Ms. Erener was overcome by emotion by her unexpected victory, a huge boost for Turkey and her own popularity and profits. She has already sold an estimated four million albums. [PAR] The audience packed into Riga's Skonto Hall was less enthusiastic about the two young girls making up Russia's entry, even though they had been tipped as favorites to win. [PAR] Backed by loud instruments and electronic backing, teenagers Lena Katina and Julia Volkova, known together as Tatu, managed to be only slightly louder than the boos mixed with cheers from the audience. [PAR] Their song was Don't Believe, Don't Fear, Don't Ask, and it came out slightly out of tune with the music. The teenagers from Moscow were, prematurely, wearing tee-shirts bearing the number one. [PAR] The girls had earlier angered organizers by arriving late for rehearsals and then threatening to perform in the nude. But organizers said no to toplessness. The Eurovision Song Contest, with 26 European countries taking part, is a family event watched by an estimated 160 million television viewers worldwide. Organizers say they want to keep it that way. [PAR] Despite their hostile reception inside the theatre, Russia's Tatu group got good support from outside, via telephone votes from television viewers. In fact, host country Latvia gave maximum points to Russia. This was a remarkable outcome in a nation which proudly declared its independence from the Russian-run Soviet Union just more than a decade ago. [PAR] As it turned out, Russia managed to get into third place slightly behind Belgium, whose song, made up of unintelligible words, won it second place. [PAR] Turkish singer Erener and her band admitted they were surprised by their country's victory. Turkey has never been able to come higher than third place in Eurovision contests. \"You see what is happening here? But can you imagine what"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sodom And Gomorrah \u2014 Destroyed by God because of ... Sodom And Gomorrah \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Destroyed by God because of Homosexuality and Fornication! [PAR] Sayville, New York; Las Vegas, Nevada: Modern Sodom & Gomorrah [PAR] We also read in 2nd Peter 2:6,7... [PAR] \"And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly; And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked.\" [PAR] The \"filthy conversation\" of the wicked, literally means, the \"filthy manner of life\" of the wicked. The Greek noun for \"conversation\" is \"anastrophe,\" which means, \"behavior.\" Hence, Sodom and Gomorrah were saturated with sexual deviance, filthy behavior, and every form of godlessness known to mankind. This today could be likened to Sayville, New York--a town so gay that it is commonly referred to as \"Gayville,\" or of \"Sin City\" Las Vegas in Nevada. [PAR] As Sayville is the world's gayest suburb, gay prostitution has historically been common. It is most rampant in the village on summer weekends when rich homosexuals come out to Sayville to visit Fire Island. Young male college students supplement their incomes by performing trick with these rich men in exchange for cash. Weekend sightings of the cast of \"Queer Eye for the Straight Guy\" is common in Sayville. Actor Harvey Fierstein (Pictured with with Rod Stewart) is often seen in Sayville on his way to Cherry Grove. [PAR] Because he is gay, he is extremely popular in Sayville and wherever he goes he draws huge crowds in the village. He is the star of the hit Broadway Musical where he plays a girl's mother. According to Ruth E. Harlow in her article Let's Leave No Child Behind (7/06/2001) in the Lambda Legal , she says that Sayville had the \"first full-fledged prom for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender high school students in suburbia \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd specifically, Sayville, New York.\" According to the gay organization, LIGALY, Sayville hosted \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAmerica\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds first-ever full-fledged suburban gay prom.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Long Island Gay and Lesbian Youth (LIGALY) will host its second annual gay prom. [PAR] The event, entitled \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe LIGALY Prom - Pride Gala 2002,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd will be held on June 7, 2002 at the Island Hills Golf and Country Club in Sayville, NY,\" which was publicized in their May 28, 2002 press release. Sayville has truly earned the title of \"Gayville,\" a modern-day Sodom awaiting God's judgment. [PAR] Las Vegas mocks God by calling their town \"Sin City,\" which is found on their official Chamber of Commerce website at http://www.sincitychamberofcommerce.com . Their official slogan is \"...where business is pleasure.\" The clear implication is sexual pleasure. The Godless website goes on to say in the section, \"Sin City For Gays\"... [PAR] \"Gay Las Vegas. The Sin City Chamber of Commerce is pleased to support the Gay and Lesbian Community. We believe everyone enjoys the freedom to live the lifestyle they choose.\" [PAR] In lieu of such wickedness, do you think God is going to bless America? The Las Vegas--Sin City Chamber of Commerce website, mocks God, even promoting legalized prostitution at the \"Chicken Ranch\" and the \"Wild Kat Ranch\" outside of Las Vegas. The Sin City Chamber of Commerce website is decorated with serpents, serpents seducing women, and a red apple with a bite taken out of it. Thus, mocking the Biblical account of Eve being seduced by Satan; and her sinning, by eating of the forbidden fruit. [PAR] The website promotes several strip joints, escort services, and links to pornography. This is Las Vegas' OFFICIAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE! Do you think"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] rowel - definition and meaning rowel - definition and meaning [PAR] rowel [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] n. A sharp-toothed wheel inserted into the end of the shank of a spur. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] n. The small spiked wheel on the end of a spur. [PAR] v. To use a rowel on something, especially to drain fluid. [PAR] from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] n. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. [PAR] n. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. [PAR] n. A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery. [PAR] transitive v. To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] To use the rowel on; put spurs to. [PAR] In farriery, to apply a rowel to. [PAR] To furnish with a rowel, as a spur. [PAR] n. . A small wheel, ring, or circle. [PAR] n. The wheel of a horseman's spur, armed with pointed rays. [PAR] n. A roller on the mouthpiece of an old form of bit for horses. [PAR] n. In farriery, a seton inserted in the flesh of an animal. [PAR] n. The spiked wheel of some forms of soil-pulverizers and wheel-harrows. [PAR] from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. [PAR] n. a small spiked wheel at the end of a spur [PAR] Etymologies [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] Middle English, from Old French roelle, diminutive of roue, wheel, from Latin rota. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] Old French roel, from late Latin rotella, diminutive of Latin rota \u2018wheel\u2019. [PAR] Examples [PAR] They are of blue steel inlaid with strips of silver, and the rowel is a sort of cogged wheel, from an inch and a half to three inches in diameter."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gary from SpongeBob SquarePants| Cartoon | Nick.com Gary from SpongeBob SquarePants| Cartoon | Nick.com [PAR] SpongeBob SquarePants [PAR] Gary [PAR] SpongeBob\u2019s pet snail may seem a bit simple, but Gary is actually quite intelligent. Even though he can only meow, he dreams of mahogany bookshelves and fine arts. Ok, so he can\u2019t catch a frisbee or fetch slippers\u2026 but he can teleport and levitate! Gary's the best pet snail around. Meow! [PAR] Likes: SpongeBob, sleeping, poetry."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Athletics Official Website | Jonathan Edwards British Athletics Official Website | Jonathan Edwards [PAR] Coach(s): Carl Johnson, Norman Anderson and Peter Stanley. [PAR] \u00c2 [PAR] \u00c2 [PAR] Decision Time [PAR] Jonathan Edwards took triple jumping to another level in the summer of 1995, where he established a world record which could last more than one generation. [PAR] When he leapt 18.29m, he became the first athlete to clear 60ft for this event and since then only other athlete, American Kenny Harrison, has cleared the 18m-barrier - and he did that to beat Edwards to Olympic gold in Atlanta in 1996. Edwards achieved his success in a career where this vicar\u00e2\u0080\u0099s son, as a committed Christian,\u00c2 at first he\u00c2 chose not to compete on Sundays, passing the chance of taking part in the World Championships in 1991. But by Stuttgart in 1993, he had changed his mind, which proved a fortunate decision because the qualifying round of the triple jump at the World Championships was on a Sunday. He progressed safely to the final, where he took the bronze medal and it proved the foundation to greatness.\u00c2 [PAR] \u00c2 [PAR] It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Long\u00e2\u0080\u00a6It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Very Long [PAR] Edwards had first jumped 16m in 1986 and progressed rapidly to become the best triple jumper in Britain by 1989, when he burst into world class and was third at the World Cup with 17.28m. In 1990 his form was affected by an injured right ankle, but he won the Commonwealth silver medal, a feat he repeated in 1994. He won the World Cup in 1992, but the sensational part of his amazing 1995 was the fact it was so unexpected. [PAR] \u00c2 The previous summer he had finished sixth at the European Championships in Helsinki before winning silver at the Commonwealth Games in Victoria, solid-enough performances but nothing to say that 12 months later he would become untouchable. Edwards had fabulous speed on the runway. It is believed he was even quicker than Linford Christie, Britain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 1992 Olympic 100m champion, over 20m - and combining that with his slick hop, skipping and jumping, it became an unbeatable package. [PAR] He had started the outdoor season with a British record 17.58m, having achieved a wind-assisted best of 17.70m in 1993. But it was at the European Cup in Lille, ironically on a Sunday, that Britain realised it had a phenomenon on its hands. His series was 17.90m(w), an amazing 18.43m(w,+2.4), 17.72m with a legal wind to add 14 cm to his British record, and 18.39m(w,+3.7). The previous longest ever jump was 18.20 m (w,+5.2) by American Willie Banks at Indianapolis in 1988 who also held the world record of 17.97m. [PAR] \u00c2 His best of 18.43m (w) was comprised of\u00c2 a 6.50m hop, a 5.60m step and a 6.33m jump and the world record was not too far away. It came at Salamanca, Spain, when he jumped 17.98m, before the World Championships in Gothenburg became his finest hour. Edwards was at his peak. His speed was remarkable on that afternoon in Sweden and his first jump blew away the rest of the competition. He jumped 18.16m, smashing his world record, and then in the second round, he went even further, clearing 18.29m. [PAR] He had recorded the first legal 18m and 60ft jumps with legal wind and ended the year unbeaten in 14 competitions. He was voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year, the L\u00e2\u0080\u0099Equipe International Champion of Champions\u00c2 and he was\u00c2 the IAAF Male Athlete of 1995. But often he recalled how his \u00e2\u0080\u0098fame\u00e2\u0080\u0099 hit him most when he was shopping at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South America Highpoints : Climbing, Hiking ... South America Highpoints : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost [PAR] South America Highpoints [PAR] Object Title: South America Highpoints [PAR] [PAR] Created/Edited: Feb 3, 2012 / Apr 5, 2013 [PAR] Object ID: 774753 [PAR] Page Score: 86.85% - 23 Votes [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Tweet [PAR] [PAR] Well...here we have some great mountains of South America. This continent has a lot to show you and believe me, you can be amazed by its fantastic landescapes and high mountains. [PAR] Some mountains are not listed here because there is no page on SummitPost for them yet, but as soon as someone does it, I'll update the page so we can enjoy a complete page with a complete list. [PAR] Summits Table [PAR] ARGENTINA [PAR] 01 - Cerro Aconc\u00e1gua - 6.962 m. (22.841 ft) [PAR] Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Western hemisphere, located in western Argentina, near the Chile border. There are about 3,500 climbers trying the summit each year (info from 2002). The 'Normal Route' is non-technical - a walk-up, following the Northwest Ridge. It is the altitude that poses the most problem. That and the sense that this is an easy climb. Every year people die because they underestimate the task at hand...Keep reading about it on the mountain page on SP . [PAR] One of the most popular climbs in the owrld. WORK IN PROGRESS [PAR] CHILE [PAR] 02 - Ojos Del Salado volcano - 6.893 m. (22.615 ft) [PAR] The highest volcano on earth is also the highest point in Chile and second in South America. As the volcanic activity is quite recent, it\u00b4s classified as a neovolcano and there are still minor activity on the peak. Larger amounts of sulfuric gases and vapor were seen as late as 1994, but normally a faint smell och sulfur is the only sign of volcanic activity on the peak. Ojos del Salado is a border mountain and can be climbed from both Argetina and Chile. If you don\u00b4t like red tape, a hefty peak fee and bureaucracy, Argentina is the place to go for. If you rather pay a bit, prefer to travel high on the mountain in a jeep...Keep reading about it on the mountain page on SP . [PAR] Not very popular yet, and that is a good thing. [PAR] PERU [PAR] 03 - Huascaran Sur - 6.746 m. (22.132 ft) [PAR] Together with Chopicalqui, the twin summits of Huascar\u00e1n form the Huascar\u00e1n massif. Huascar\u00e1n Sur is the highest mountain in the Cordillera Blanca as well as in the whole of Peru, and consequently quite popular. The south summit is 91 meters higher than its (much less frequented) northern twin. The saddle between them, Garganta, lies at 6010m...Keep reading about it on the mountain page on SP . [PAR] Dangerous mountain, often climbed. [PAR] BOLIVIA [PAR] 04 - Sajama volcano - 6.542 m. (21.463 ft) [PAR] Sajama is Bolivia's highest mountain (by about 100m) - an extinct volcano situated in the eponymous Sajama National Park, on Bolivia's South-Western border with Chile. The volcano has been (fortunately!) extinct for the past 10,000 years. The summit is covered by a permanent ice cap hiding all trace of any volcanic crater...Keep reading about it on the mountain page on SP . [PAR] Very, very cold mountain. Reports of 40\u00b0C below zero at worst case scenario. [PAR] ECUADOR [PAR] 05 - Chimborazo volcano - 6.310 m. (20.702 ft) [PAR] Longtime considered as the highest mountain on the planet, Chimborazo was dethroned by the Himalayan and Peruvian peaks. Nevertheless, considering the geometry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio - Jan 14, 1954 ... Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio - Jan 14, 1954 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio [PAR] Author [PAR] Marilyn Monroe marries Joe DiMaggio [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] It was the ultimate All-American romance: the tall, handsome hero of the country\u2019s national pastime captures the heart of the beautiful, glamorous Hollywood star. But the brief, volatile marriage of Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio\u2013the couple wed on this day in 1954\u2013barely got past the honeymoon before cracks began to show in its brilliant veneer. [PAR] In 1952, the New York Yankees slugger DiMaggio asked an acquaintance to arrange a dinner date with Monroe, a buxom blonde model-turned-actress whose star was on the rise after supporting roles in films such as Monkey Business (1952) and a leading role in the B-movie thriller Don\u2019t Bother to Knock (1952). The press immediately picked up on the relationship and began to cover it exhaustively, though Monroe and DiMaggio preferred to keep a low profile, spending evenings at home or in a back corner of DiMaggio\u2019s restaurant. On January 14, 1954, they were married at San Francisco City Hall, where they were mobbed by reporters and fans. Monroe had apparently mentioned the wedding plans to someone at her film studio, who leaked it to the press. [PAR] While Monroe and DiMaggio were on their honeymoon in Japan, Monroe was asked to travel to Korea and perform for the American soldiers stationed there. She complied, leaving her unhappy new husband in Japan. After they returned to the United States, tension continued to build, particularly around DiMaggio\u2019s discomfort with his wife\u2019s sexy image. One memorable blow-up occurred in September 1954, on the New York City set of the director Billy Wilder\u2019s The Seven Year Itch. As Monroe filmed the now-famous scene in which she stands over a subway grate with the air blowing up her skirt, a crowd of onlookers and press gathered; Wilder himself had reportedly arranged the media attention. As her skirt blew up again and again, the crowd cheered uproariously, and DiMaggio, who was on set, became irate. [PAR] DiMaggio and Monroe were divorced in October 1954, just 274 days after they were married. In her filing, Monroe accused her husband of \u201cmental cruelty.\u201d She married the playwright Arthur Miller in 1956, but their marriage also ended in divorce in January 1961, leaving Monroe in a state of emotional fragility. In February 1961, she was admitted to a psychiatric clinic; it was DiMaggio who secured her release, and took her to the Yankees\u2019 Florida spring training camp for rest and relaxation. Though rumors swirled about their remarriage, they maintained their \u201cgood friends\u201d status. When the 36-year-old Monroe died of a drug overdose on August 5, 1962, DiMaggio arranged the funeral. For the next two decades, until his own death in 1999, he sent roses several times a week to her grave in Los Angeles. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Marilyn Monroe - Biography - IMDb Marilyn Monroe - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Marilyn Monroe [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 282 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (133) | Personal Quotes (116) | Salary (19) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 5\u00bd\" (1.66 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1, 1926. Her mother Gladys Pearl Baker was a film-cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. Marilyn's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Handel -\u3008Water Music\u30091717 / Alla Hornpipe - Suite No. 2 in ... Handel -\u3008Water Music\u30091717 / Alla Hornpipe - Suite No. 2 in D major, HWV 349 (Ton Koopman) - YouTube [PAR] Handel -\u3008Water Music\u30091717 / Alla Hornpipe - Suite No. 2 in D major, HWV 349 (Ton Koopman) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Apr 17, 2010 [PAR] Georg Friedrich H\u00e4ndel (1685~1759) [PAR] \u300aWassermusik\u300borchestersuiten, HWV 348-350 (1717) [PAR] Suite Nr.2 D-dur, HWV 349 [PAR] - 2. Alla Hornpipe - [PAR] Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra [PAR] Ton Koopman (conductor) [PAR] In 1725 Handel's publisher Walsh included the Water Music overture (in \uff26major) in his Third Collection of Handel's overtures - the first appearance of any of the music in print - and arrangements of several movements were included in a collection of Handel's minuets published by Walsh in 1729. In 1734 Walsh issued a set of orchestral parts for what he called the Celebrated Water Musick, but in fact the publication contained only about half the movements. A complete version of the suite in the form of a transcription for solo harpsichord was issued by Walsh in 1743. Arnolds edition of 1788 was the first to present all the numbers in full score. This erratic publication history, coupled with the unfortunate loss of the original autographs, leaves several aspects of the Water Music open to question. Contemporary manuscript copies suggest solutions to some problems, but their evidence is sometimes contradictory. [PAR] Any further discussion must begin with an attempt to clarify how the Water Music came to be composed. Though the Daily Courant and Bonet both say that Handel wrote the music specifically for the water party of 1717 it seems probable that some parts of it had been composed earlier for other purposes. It is difficult to believe, for example, that the overture, with its delicate writing for two solo violins, could have been conceived with outdoor performance in mind. The Water Music may have started life as two independent orchestral suites or concertos scored for woodwind and strings only. In 1717 Handel could simply have combined these and added the movements with horns and trumpets, which are obviously suited to outdoor performance. [PAR] The music itself provides a brilliant conspectus of the full range of Handel's style in the period of his first opera for England. As occasional music combining quality with immediate appeal it was not rivalled until Handel provided his Music for the Royal Fireworks of 1749. It seems that Handel, always ready to exploit a new orchestral effect, introduced French horns into an English orchestra for the first time in the Water Music, immediately perceiving how to make the best use both of the bright \uff26horns - on their own, in conjunction with the oboes - and of the lower pitched D horns - reinforcing the trumpets or antiphonally echoing them. The very English Country Dance, with the main tune presented in the middle of the harmony, is a charming tribute to the country in which he chose to settle, and like all the tunes in the suite cannot now be heard without happily evoking Hanoverian England in its most genial aspects. [PAR] - Written by Anthony Hicks -[DOC] [TLE] Handel - Water Music - Classic FM Handel - Water Music - Classic FM [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of manias - Reocities List of manias [PAR] A- [PAR] Ablutomania- Compulsion to wash or clean. [PAR] Agromania- Unreasonable desire for solitude or solitudinous wandering. Morbid desire to live in solitude or in the country. [PAR] Alcoholomania- Abnormal craving for intoxicants. (Personal note: this, I believe, is different than alcoholism in that alcoholism is a state of being and it is alcoholomania that leads to that state.) [PAR] Ailuromania- Intense enthusiasm for cats. [PAR] Anthromania- Inordinate interest in flowers. [PAR] Arithmomania- Craze for numbers and counting. [PAR] Automania- Compulsion toward solitude. [PAR] Bibliomania- Obsession with the collecting of books. [PAR] Bromomania- Mental disorder caused by chronic misuse of bromides. [PAR] Callomania- Belief in one's own beauty; a delusion of the insane. [PAR] Camphoromania- Abnormal craving for camphor (a gum obtained from an evergreen tree native to China and Japan). [PAR] Choreomania- Dancing mania. Seen in the Middle Ages. [PAR] Choromania- Dance mania, a form of chorea. [PAR] Cleptomania- Kleptomania. Impulsive stealing in which the motive is not related to the intrinsic value of the stolen article. There is often deep regret following the act. [PAR] Cocainomania- Intense desire for cocaine and its effects. [PAR] Cresomania- Hallucination of possessing great wealth. [PAR] Croesomania- Hallucination of possessing great wealth. [PAR] Cacodemonomania- Inordinate obsession with demonic possession. [PAR] Cheromania- Compulsion toward gaiety. [PAR] Chrematomania- Obsessive desire for money. [PAR] Coprolalomania- Obsession with foul speech. [PAR] Cynomania- Intense enthusiasm for dogs. [PAR] Dacnomania- An irrational impulse to kill. [PAR] Dipsomania- A morbid and uncontrollable craving for alcoholic beverages. [PAR] Drapetomania- Insane impulse to wander from home. [PAR] Dromomania- Insane impulse to wander. [PAR] Ecdemomania- Wanderlust; abnormal desire to wander. [PAR] Egomania- Abnormal self-esteem and self-interest. [PAR] Enomania- Craving for alcoholic beverages. [PAR] Enosimania- A mental state characterized by excessive and irrational terror. [PAR] Entheomania- Religious insanity. [PAR] Ergasiomania- An abnormal desire to be busy at work. [PAR] Erotomania- Pathological exaggeration of sexual behavior. [PAR] Erythromania- Uncontrolled blushing. [PAR] Esthesiomania- Insanity with sensory hallucinations and perverted moral sensibilities. [PAR] Etheromania- Addiction to use of ether. [PAR] Eleutheromania- Irresistible craving for freedom. [PAR] Entomomania- Inordinate fascination with insects. [PAR] Eremiomania- Irresistible craving for stillness. [PAR] Ergomania- Obsessive zeal for work. [PAR] K- [PAR] Kleptomania- Impulsive stealing, the motive not being in the intrinsic value of the article to the patient. In almost all cases, the individual has enough money to pay for the stolen goods. The stealing is done without prior planning and without the assistance of others. There is increased tension prior to the theft and a sense of gratification while committing the act. [PAR] Kathisomania- Uncontrollable compulsion to sit. [PAR] Logomania- Repetitious, continuous, and excessive flow of speech seen in monomania. [PAR] Letheomania- Obsessive fascination with narcotics. [PAR] Macromania- 1. Megalomania, q.v. 2. The delusion that the affected individual or his or her parts or surroundings are extremely large. [PAR] Megalomania- A psychosis characterized by ideas of personal exaltation and delusions of grandeur. [PAR] Methomania- Pathological craving for intoxicating drinks or other intoxicants. [PAR] Monomania- Mental illness characterized by distortion of thought processes concerning a single subject or idea. [PAR] Musicomania- Insane love of music. [PAR] Melomania- Excessive fascination with music. [PAR] Mythomania- Irresistible impulse toward exaggeration and lying. [PAR] Necromania- 1. Abnormal interest in dead bodies or in death. 2. Mania with desire for death. [PAR] Nostomania- Nostalgia verging on insanity. [PAR] Nudomania- Abnormal desire to be nude. [PAR] Nymphomania- Abnormal excessive sexual desire in a female. [PAR] Nesomania- Intense fascination with islands. [PAR] Noctimania- Intense fascination with night. [PAR] Oikomania- Nervous disorder induced by unhappy home surroundings. [PAR] Oniomania-"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egypt protesters flock to Tahrir Square | World news | The ... Egypt protesters flock to Tahrir Square | World news | The Guardian [PAR] Egypt protesters flock to Tahrir Square [PAR] ElBaradei joins tens of thousands heading to Tahrir Square demanding immediate end to military rule [PAR] Protesters in Tahrir Square on Thursday. Friday's demonstration - known as 'the Friday of the Last Chance' - could be the biggest for months. Photograph: Fohlen Corentin/Sipa/Rex [PAR] Friday 25 November 2011 05.13 EST [PAR] First published on Friday 25 November 2011 05.13 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Protesters are gathering throughout Cairo for mass demonstrations ahead of Monday's elections, which continue to polarise the country. [PAR] The largest rally is planned for Tahrir Square, to which thousands of people are heading. However, in public spaces elsewhere in the city, pro-regime gatherings are forming. Supporters of the military regime will be kept away from Tahrir Square, where opponents of the military council have gathered over the past week to demand it cedes power to civilian control. [PAR] The Nobel peace prizewinner Mohamed ElBaradei on Friday morning tweeted that he was on his way to Tahrir to \"pay respect to the martyrs\", a repeat of his visit in January, which was received rapturously and another clear step in his bid for the presidency. [PAR] The interior ministry has said it cannot guarantee the safety of the election and there are fears that today's march may also test its capabilities \u2013 and resolve. [PAR] The marches are set to begin in earnest after midday prayers, the first day of the weekend in Egypt. Friday prayers have proved to be a lightning rod for dissent throughout 11 months of upheaval in Egypt and in other restive states throughout the Arab region. [PAR] Up to 30 political parties have called for Friday's rallies, demanding an end to the rule of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces (Scaf) and an immediate transition to a salvation government led by civilians. The political blocs are not, however, united on pushing ahead with a ballot that is viewed by many as a further risk to an already unstable security environment. [PAR] The Muslim Brotherhood, which is poised for sweeping electoral gains on Monday, is adamant the poll should continue. However, many groups believe the situation remains too chaotic to hold an election. [PAR] The White House has released a statement praising Egypt's commitment to change and urging the military to give way \"as soon as possible\" to full civilian rule. [PAR] \"We will continue to stand with the Egyptian people as they build a democracy worthy of Egypt's great history,\" the statement said. [PAR] European states, including Britain, have remained coy, condemning violence this week between youths and secuity forces in Tahrir Square but stepping back from earlier strident calls for elections to help the transition from martial law to fledgling democracy."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - Cast, Ratings, Awards Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - Cast, Ratings, Awards [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) Children and Fantasy | G | 2 hours and 36 minutes | December 18, 1968 (USA) [PAR] Be the first to review [PAR] +2 [PAR] Producer: Albert R. Broccoli [PAR] While truant from school, young siblings Jeremy and Jemima meet the beautiful Truly Scrumptious (Sally Ann Howes), who falls for their widowed father, Caractacus Potts (Dick Van Dyke), and his various oddball inventions, including the family's noisy rebuilt car, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. One day at the beach, Caractacus tells Truly and the children a fanciful fable about the villainous Baron Bomburst (Gert Frobe) and his evil designs on the Potts family car. [PAR] See All Movies [PAR] Did You Like The Movie? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] More Movies With Dick Van Dyke [PAR] How famous is the cast of \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\"? [PAR] PrettyFamous Score [PAR] The PrettyFamous score quantifies the fame of the film's cast members based on the number of awards the actors and actresses have ever been nominated for, combined box office gross of all the movies the actors and actresses have been in, and the current internet popularity of the cast. [PAR] The Best Action Movies of All Time [PAR] From Die Hard to Mad Max, PrettyFamous found the greatest action films of all time. [PAR] 10 minute read \u203a[DOC] [TLE] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) [PAR] Author: DB (alembic) [PAR] from Australia [PAR] Well it's been 2 years since I last posted a review for this movie... I have just purchased the \"Special Edition\" version mainly because at last there is a wide-screen DVD version now available! This was one movie that suffered very greatly from a standard T.V format transfer ..... Now in wide-screen,it is possible to see the cinematography as it was intended to be viewed from the original Super Panavision format,even though there is still some \"enhanced\" format alteration to bring it into line with 16:9 ratio and luckily it was shot in Technicolor,which was easily the best analogue colour system around. Perspectives can now be seen as intended and the beautiful sets and the dance routines look vastly better... you can actually see all the dancers ! Take for instance one scene in Caractacus Potts windmill laboratory,where he shows Truly Scrumptious one of his inventions with which he intends to transmit \"pictures and sound\".....in the standard format half of the shot is missing so the machine cannot be fully seen and it makes no sense.. however in wide-screen you can see the \"picture\" and also the whole machine; so now you can enjoy one of Emmet Rolands fantasy machine creations in full. All through the movie the scenery and sets are set up framed with objects in the foreground and back ground which lend to perspective and depth of the image. The sound track seems also to have been worked on .. in previous releases the children's voices seemed to \"squeak\" but now they sound much more natural. You can see how much we have been missing with previous releases and it is a lot. The Special Edition also has some featurettes on the making of the movie and other related information plus a lovely booklet as well. [PAR] As to the movie itself .... it has never lost it's magic for me. I see reviews which pan the musical numbers or say it's too long or that [PAR] after seeing it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lithium - Element information, properties and uses ... Lithium - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table [PAR] Chemistry in its element: lithium [PAR] (Promo) [PAR] You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by Chemistry World, the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry. [PAR] (End promo) [PAR] Chris Smith [PAR] Hello, this week to the element that tops group one and gives us lighter aircraft and armoured plating. It also keeps grease running at arctic temperatures, powers pacemakers and lies at the heart of the hydrogen bomb. [PAR] Matt Wilkinson [PAR] Lithium is rare in the Universe, although it was one of the three elements, along with hydrogen and helium, to be created in the Big Bang. The element was discovered on Earth in 1817 by Johan August Arfvedson (1792-1841) in Stockholm when he investigated petalite, one of the first lithium minerals to be discovered. (It was observed to give an intense crimson flame when sprinkled on to a fire.) He deduced that petalite contained an unknown metal, which he called lithium from the Greek word for a stone, lithos, although he never actually produced any. He reasoned that it was a new alkali metal and lighter than sodium. However, unlike sodium, which Humphry Davy had isolated in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide, Arfvedson was unable to produced lithium by the same method. A sample of lithium metal was finally extracted in 1855 and then by the electrolysis of molten lithium chloride. [PAR] Once lithium's discovery had been announced others soon found it to be present in all kinds of things such as grapes, seaweed, tobacco, vegetables, milk and blood. [PAR] Another lithium ore is spodumene, which like petalite is a lithium aluminium silicate, and there is a large deposit of this ore in South Dakota. World production of lithium compounds is around 40 000 tonnes a year and reserves are estimated to be around 7 million tonnes. Industrial production of the metal itself is reported to be about 7500 tonnes a year, and this is produced by the electrolysis of molten lithium chloride and potassium chloride in steel cells at temperatures of 450oC. [PAR] Lithium is moderately toxic as discovered in the 1940s when patients were given lithium chloride as a salt substitute. However, in small doses it is prescribed as a treatment for manic depression (now called bipolar disorder). Its calming effect on the brain was first noted in 1949, by an Australian doctor, John Cade, of the Victoria Department of Mental Hygiene. He had injected guinea pigs with a 0.5% solution of lithium carbonate, and to his surprise these normally highly-strung animals became docile, and indeed were so calm that they would sit in the same position for several hours. Cade then gave his most mentally disturbed patient an injection of the same solution. The man responded so well that within days he was transferred to a normal hospital ward and was soon back at work. Other patients responded similarly and lithium therapy is now used all around the world to treat this mental condition. How it works is still not known for certain, but it appears to prevent overproduction of a chemical messenger in the brain. [PAR] Lithium is used commercially in various ways. Lithium oxide goes into glass and glass ceramics. Lithium metal goes into alloys with magnesium and aluminium, and it improves their strength while making them lighter. Magnesium-lithium alloy is used in protective armour plating and aluminium-lithium reduces the weight of aircraft thereby saving fuel. Lithium stearate, made by reacting stearic acid with lithium"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Archies - Archie Comics Wiki - Wikia The Archies | Archie Comics Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Template:About Template:Infobox musical artist [PAR] The Archies are a garage band founded by Archie Andrews , Reggie Mantle , and Jughead Jones , a group of fictional adolescent characters of the Archie universe, in the context of the animated TV series, The Archie Show . The group is also known for their real world success, through a virtual band . [PAR] The fictional band's music was recorded by session musicians featuring Ron Dante on vocals and released as a series of singles and albums. Their most successful song, \" Sugar, Sugar \", became one of the biggest hits of the bubblegum pop genre that flourished from 1968 to 1972. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Hot Dog : mascot / conductor [PAR] The Archies are sometimes jokingly compared to The Doors , as they also had no bass player. However, there is some controversy as to whether Reggie played bass or not. In most drawings, his guitar looks identical to Archie's, making him the band's second (or co-lead) guitarist. However, a number of drawings (including the one above) clearly show Reggie's instrument to have four tuning keys, the most common bass design. Six-string bass guitars do exist, however, and the Archies' recordings regularly featured a bass player. In more than one comic strip, Reggie is described as playing bass (however, this is not necessarily canon , as storylines and hobbies/activities in the Archie world change from story to story). Finally, in the liner notes for 2008's The Archies Christmas Album, Reggie is listed as the bass guitarist. [PAR] One distribution mode for the Archies' music was cereal boxes: a cardboard record was embossed directly into the back of a box such that the record could be cut out and played on a turntable (although their music was also available on standard issue LPs and 45s). Though the group no longer appears in animation, they are still frequently used in stories published by Archie Comics . [PAR] Other cartoon groups [PAR] Edit [PAR] In the late 1960s and early 1970s, animated series often featured musical groups that were fictional or sometimes based on real life musicians. This dates at least as far back as 1965 with The Beatles , but the Archies helped popularize the concept. Most of these groups played bubblegum pop . Several were also teenage detectives, influenced by Scooby Doo . These groups included The Groovie Goolies , The Hardy Boys , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kids , The Banana Splits (actually live action with actors in animal costumes and dubbed speaking voices), The Cattanooga Cats , The Chan Clan , and The Neptunes . Animated versions of The Jackson 5ive , the Osmond Brothers , the Partridge Family , and The Brady Bunch also existed. Archie Comics ' own creation Josie and the Pussycats was successful both as an animated series and as a comic book (and later a live action motion picture ), but The Bingoes and The Madhouse Glads lacked its popularity and never appeared in animation. Two modern examples of the \"cartoon rock group\" could include the British band, Gorillaz \u2014a musical project created in 1998 by British musician Damon Albarn and British cartoonist Jamie Hewlett, and Dethklok , a fictional death metal band created by Brendon Small . [PAR] Production [PAR] Edit [PAR] A set of studio musicians were assembled by Don Kirshner in 1968 to perform various songs. The most famous is \" Sugar, Sugar \", written by Jeff Barry and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cambodia Map - Cambodia Satellite Image - Physical - Political Cambodia Map and Satellite Image [PAR] Cambodia Map and Satellite Image [PAR] Cambodia Bordering Countries: [PAR] Cambodia Satellite Image [PAR] Cambodia Information: [PAR] Cambodia is located in southeastern Asia. Cambodia is bordered by the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, Vietnam to the east, Laos to the north, and Thailand to the northwest. [PAR] Explore Cambodia Using Google Earth: [PAR] Google Earth is a free program from Google that allows you to explore satellite images showing the cities and landscapes of Cambodia and all of Asia in fantastic detail. It works on your desktop computer, tablet, or mobile phone. The images in many areas are detailed enough that you can see houses, vehicles and even people on a city street. Google Earth is free and easy-to-use. [PAR] Cambodia on a World Wall Map: [PAR] Cambodia is one of nearly 200 countries illustrated on our Blue Ocean Laminated Map of the World. This map shows a combination of political and physical features. It includes country boundaries, major cities, major mountains in shaded relief, ocean depth in blue color gradient, along with many other features. This is a great map for students, schools, offices and anywhere that a nice map of the world is needed for education, display or decor. [PAR] Cambodia On a Large Wall Map of Asia: [PAR] If you are interested in Cambodia and the geography of Asia our large laminated map of Asia might be just what you need. It is a large political map of Asia that also shows many of the continent's physical features in color or shaded relief. Major lakes, rivers,cities, roads, country boundaries, coastlines and surrounding islands are all shown on the map. [PAR] Cambodia Cities: [PAR] Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kamport, Kohnieh, Kompong Thom, Krakor, Kralanh, Kratie, Lomphat, Lovea, Pailin City, Phnom Penh, Poipet, Ponlei, Prek Kak, Puok, Pursat, Siem Reap, Sisophon, Stung Treng and Takeo. [PAR] Cambodia Locations: [PAR] Chhung Kompong Som, Gulf of Thailand, Mekong River, San River, Sen River, South China Sea and Tonle Sap. [PAR] Cambodia Natural Resources: [PAR] Cambodia's mineral resources include gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, oil and natural gas. Other natural resources include timber and potential hydropower. [PAR] Cambodia Natural Hazards: [PAR] Although Cambodia\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds natural hazards include the occasional drought, the country experiences monsoonal rains and flooding from June to November. [PAR] Cambodia Environmental Issues: [PAR] Cambodia\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds environmental issues include illegal logging activities and soil erosion, throughout the country. There is strip mining for gems in the western region (along the border with Thailand), which have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity. This has particularly been destructive to the mangrove swamps and threatens the natural fisheries. The fish stocks are declining due to illegal fishing and overfishing. In the rural areas of Cambodia, most of the population does not have access to potable water. [PAR] Copyright information: The images on this page were composed by Angela King and Brad Cole and are copyright by Geology.com \u00a9 2008. These images are not available for use beyond our websites. If you would like to share them with others please link to this page. The satellite image was produced using Landsat data from NASA and the map was produced using data licensed from and copyright by Map Resources \u00a9 2008. [PAR] \u00a9 2005-2017 Geology.com. All Rights Reserved. [PAR] Images, code, and content on this website are property of Geology.com and are protected by copyright law. [PAR] Geology.com does not grant permission for any use, republication, or redistribution."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Regicide - definition of regicide by The Free Dictionary Regicide - definition of regicide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Regicide - definition of regicide by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/regicide [PAR] 1. The killing of a king. [PAR] 2. One who kills a king. [PAR] [Latin r\u0113x, r\u0113g-, king; see reg- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + -cide .] [PAR] reg\u2032i\u00b7cid\u2032al (-s\u012bd\u2032l) adj. [PAR] regicide [PAR] 1. the killing of a king [PAR] 2. a person who kills a king [PAR] [C16: from Latin r\u0113x king + -cide] [PAR] \u02ccregi\u02c8cidal adj [PAR] 1. the killing of a king. [PAR] 2. a person who kills a king or is responsible for his death. [PAR] [1540\u201350; < Latin r\u0113g-, s. of r\u0113x king + -i- + -cide ] [PAR] reg`i\u2022cid\u2032al, adj. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] regicide - someone who commits regicide; the killer of a king [PAR] killer , slayer - someone who causes the death of a person or animal [PAR] 2. [PAR] regicide - the act of killing a king [PAR] murder , slaying , execution - unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being [PAR] Translations [PAR] n (= act) \u2192 K\u00f6nigsmord m; (= person) \u2192 K\u00f6nigsm\u00f6rder(in) m(f) [PAR] regicide [PAR] [\u02c8r\u025bd\u0292\u026a\u02ccsa\u026ad] n (frm) (crime) \u2192 regicidio ; (person) \u2192 regicida m/f [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] I am not speaking of regicide, I am speaking about ideas. [PAR] Yes: ideas of robbery, murder, and regicide,\" again interjected an ironical voice. [PAR] Why revolutions fail.. [PAR] It meant, however, that the advocates of that communal political ideology which the author terms \"civic republicanism\" were cautious about the r-word with all its connotations of regicide in the case of the French and English Revolutions and fratricidal strife in the American. [PAR] BrickWarriors Publishing's \"Riddle of Regicide,\" Being Turned Into Lego [PAR] I have tried to visit Britain on the eve of every general election since the end of the Thatcher era (by Tory regicide, not the ballot box) in November 1990 in search of insights to help me trade sterling, gilts and UK equities. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Regicide | Define Regicide at Dictionary.com Regicide | Define Regicide at Dictionary.com [PAR] regicide [PAR] the killing of a king. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a person who kills a king or is responsible for his death, especially one of the judges who condemned Charles I of England to death. [PAR] Origin of regicide [PAR] 1540-50; < Latin r\u0113g-, stem of r\u0113x king + -i- + -cide [PAR] Related forms [PAR] Examples from the Web for regicide [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] It is the return of the monarchy we are to dread, and therefore we ought to pray for the permanence of the regicide authority. [PAR] 'I Believe' and other essays Cyril Arthur Edward Ranger Gull [PAR] Musolino was a brigand, and Luccheni an anarchist and regicide. [PAR] Pedagogical Anthropology Maria Montessori [PAR] Has this author had in his view the transactions between the regicide Republic and the yet nominally subsisting monarchy of Spain? [PAR] British Dictionary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Other Languages of Spain - Catalan, Basque, Galician ... Other Languages of Spain - Catalan, Basque, Galician - aboutspanishimmersion.com [PAR] Other Languages of Spain - Catalan, Basque, Galician [PAR] Catalan [PAR] Spoken throughout Valencia and Catalonia as well as in parts of Southern France, Catalan is the second most widely spoken language across Spain. It is recognised as the only official language of Andorra and is a co-official language in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands . Although Castilian and Catalan resemble each other slightly on paper, when spoken they are highly distinguishable, and in many parts of Catalonia, Barcelona included Catalan is the principle language spoken in public. The language spoken in Catalonia and Valencia is also distinguishable; there are a number of significant differences in vocabulary as well as grammar. [PAR] Following repression under the Franco regime, Catalan grew and developed as a significant Spanish language and there are now many official newspapers, TV channels and radio stations which operate only in Catalan. [PAR] Basque [PAR] The Basque language, or Euskara, is a recognised language of Spain and is spoken throughout the Basque country which covers north-east Spain and south-west France and whose capital is the beautiful city of Bilbao . Across this area approximately 25% of the population speaks Basque, the majority of these living in the Spanish area of the region. Although an exceedingly difficult language to learn, it is promoted and taught in many areas of the region and there are a number of schools which are conducted solely in Basque. [PAR] Unlike Castilian and Catalan, Euskara bears no relation to other European languages derived from Latin sparking confusion as to its roots. Its word structure, syntax and vocabulary are completely different to any other language spoken in the country. Not only does this make it particularly difficult for visitors to the region but also for those who wish to learn it to any level. [PAR] Galician [PAR] The Galician language is co-official with Castilian in the north-west region of Galicia and is spoken by around 3 million people. The language plays a prominent role in bilingual schools throughout the region and is used in its three universities. Galician bears a number of resemblances to Portuguese due to its close proximity to the country and much controversy surrounds the distinguishing between the two languages."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pumice: Solidified Frothy Lava | Rashid's Blog Pumice: Solidified Frothy Lava | Rashid's Blog [PAR] Pumice: Solidified Frothy Lava [PAR] Posted on February 10, 2012 by Rashid Faridi [PAR] Pumice is an igneous rocks which formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. Little pockets of air can be seen in the rock . This rock is so light, that many pumice rocks actually float in water. Pumice is actually a kind of glass unike other rocks which are mixture of minerals. Because this rock is so light, it is used quite often as a decorative landscape stone. [PAR] By origin, Pumice is a is a solidified frothy lava typically created when super-heated, highly pressurized rock is violently ejected from a volcano . It is formed when lava and water are mixed. This unusual formation is due to the simultaneous actions of rapid cooling and rapid release of pressure. This release of pressure creates bubbles by lowering the solubility of gases (including water and CO2) dissolved in the lava, causing the gases to rapidly exsolve (like the bubbles of CO2 that appear when a carbonated drink is opened). The simultaneous cooling and pressure release freezes the bubbles in the matrix. [PAR] Economic Uses [PAR] Pumice is used extensively to make lightweight concrete or insulative low-density breeze blocks. When used as an additive for cement, a fine-grained version of pumice called pozzolan is mixed with lime to form a light-weight, smooth, plaster-like concrete. This form of concrete was used in Roman times. Roman engineers used it to build the huge dome of the Pantheon and as construction material for many aqueducts. [PAR] It is also used as an abrasive, especially in polishes, pencil erasers, cosmetic exfoliants, and the production of stone-washed jeans. \u201cPumice stones\u201d are often used in beauty salons during the pedicure process to remove dry and excess skin from the bottom of the foot as well as to remove calluses. It was also used in ancient Greek and Roman times to remove excess hair. Finely ground pumice is added to some toothpastes and heavy-duty hand cleaners (such as Lava soap) as a mild abrasive. Pumice is also used as a growing substrate for growing horticultural crops.Its porous nature makes it a natural for filters. [PAR] In some aspects Pumice is like scoriain that both are frothy, lightweight volcanic rocks, but the bubbles in pumice are small [PAR] and regular and its composition is more felsic than scoria\u2019s.Scoria differs from pumice in being denser. Pumice is glassy and scoria is lava with microscopic crystals. [PAR] Pumice differs from obsidian in that obsidian is all glass and lacks the extensive vesicles of pumice. Most pumice is acidic/felsic in composition associated with rhyolite since those lavas tend to have more volatiles, but intermediate and basic varieties are known to occur. Scoria is a much heavier ropey volcanic rock with larger but less prolific vesicles than pumice. [PAR] Pumice Islands [PAR] Some ocean volcanoes have produced what are known as pumice rafts, which are actual floating mini islands made of rock. These pumice islands can be there for years floating along the ocean currents. Some may have been responsible for the distribution of island hopping animals and plants of the Pacific Ocean. Some pumice islands were found with plants actually growing on them. [PAR] Links and Sources:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arm Lift Surgery: Brachioplasty, Body Lifts | American ... What is an arm lift? | Arm Lift | American Society of Plastic Surgeons [PAR] What is an arm lift? [PAR] What is an arm lift? [PAR] An arm lift, or brachioplasty, is a surgical procedure that: [PAR] Reduces excess sagging skin that droops downward [PAR] Tightens and smoothes the underlying supportive tissue that defines the shape of the upper arm [PAR] Reduces localized pockets of fat in the upper arm region [PAR] Fluctuations in weight, growing older, and heredity can cause your upper arms to have a drooping, sagging appearance. This is a condition that cannot be corrected through exercise. [PAR] Arm lift surgery may be right for you if the underside of your upper arms are sagging or appear loose and full due to excess skin and fat. [PAR] Next: Arm lift cost[DOC] [TLE] Brachioplasty Los Angeles | Arm Lift Beverly Hills Brachioplasty Los Angeles | Arm Lift Beverly Hills [PAR] Endermologie [PAR] Brachioplasty in Los Angeles [PAR] Just as with any other part of the body, the skin of the arms can sag. This is the result of weight fluctuations or can be simply due to aging. Over time the skin begins to lose its elasticity and begins to sag. Unfortunately, no amount of exercise can tighten loose skin. The treatment is an arm lift, or brachioplasty. Dr. Dadvand performs the arm lift, or brachioplasty, to tighten the loose skin, giving you a more contoured arm. [PAR] Depending on the amount and location of loose skin, Dr. Dadvand will perform either a traditional brachioplasty, or a mini-brachioplasty, or arm-lift. During a mini-brachioplasty or arm lift, the incision is made in the armpit only. This is for patients who have a lesser amount of loose skin that is closer to their armpit. A traditional brachioplasty, or arm lift, is performed when the loose skin is distributed over the length of the upper arm. The brachioplasty incision is placed along the inner aspect of the arm and is made only long enough to reduce the excess skin and fat. [PAR] The operation is performed under general anesthesia and typically takes two to three hours to perform. After your brachioplasty, or arm-lift, you will be able to resume light exercise in about two weeks and full arm exercise at 4 weeks."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CBRD - Motorway Database - M6 CBRD \u00bb Motorway Database \u00bb M6 [PAR] Main Images Timeline Exit List [PAR] Where would we be without the M6? Nowhere at all. It's Britain's longest motorway and carries (in total, over its whole length) more traffic than any other. Part of it was also Britain's first. [PAR] The first motorway in Britain was the Preston Bypass, which was then incorporated into the M6 when construction was continued. Today it's found between junction 29 and M55 junction 1. The M6 contains all kinds of ground-breaking sections: the section along the Lake District has won awards for enhancing the landscape, for example. In a more mundane area and the section between Shap and Tebay is the only one in Britain to have an unconnected local road running down the central reservation. [PAR] Opened in 2003, the M6 Toll bypasses Birmingham, and is Britain's first toll road. Recently completed is the A74 upgrade, which extended the M6 right up to the border, connecting to the A74(M) . The A74(M) and M74 were, when they were built, going to be renumbered as M6, creating a motorway over 350 miles long linking the M1 (and thus London) to Glasgow. That looks highly unlikely now. [PAR] However, the fact that the link between the two motorways was made at all is a cause for celebration, and it's fitting that it was on 5 December 2008 that the a new section opened \u2014 the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the Preston Bypass. [PAR] Factfile"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rugby World Cup 2011: England team guide | Sport | The ... Rugby World Cup 2011: England team guide | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Rugby World Cup 2011: England team guide [PAR] Everything you need to know about Martin Johnson's men at the Rugby World Cup [PAR] Matt Stevens, Dylan Hartley and Alex Corbisiero warm-up for the Rugby World Cup. Photograph: David Rogers/Getty Images [PAR] Tuesday 6 September 2011 11.00 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 6 September 2011 11.00 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] 24 years in 140 characters: Got the drop on Australia to win in 03 but were denied by Aussie TMO in 07. Also finalists in 91 but took a whaling from Jonah four years on [PAR] Coach: Martin Johnson [PAR] Record in 2011: P8 W6 L2 [PAR] World Cup record: [PAR] 2003: Winners [PAR] 2007: Runners-up [PAR] How are they likely to get on? If the World Cup was being played in 12 months' time, England would be stronger contenders. As it is they are a team learning on the hoof, vulnerable to opponents who neutralise their forward strength. They should still finish top of the pool but both Argentina and Scotland may make it hard for them to generate any rhythm. The emergence of Manu Tuilagi, though, has finally presented Martin Johnson with a genuine midfield threat and if Ben Youngs and Courtney Lawes play to their full potential, England can certainly reach the last four. [PAR] Key player: Chris Ashton. When England are at their best, the Northampton wing seems to be everywhere. His support lines and try-scoring instincts could be the difference in tight games. [PAR] Commentator's kit: Until the age of 16, the flanker Tom Croft was a member of the West Berkshire Youth Dance Group, studying contemporary, modern and street dancing. He says it contributed to his notable agility and suppleness. [PAR] Squad [PAR] Dan Cole, prop, age 24, caps 17 [PAR] Alex Corbisiero, prop, age 23, caps 6 [PAR] Andrew Sheridan, prop, age 31, caps 38 [PAR] Matt Stevens, prop, age 28, caps 34 [PAR] David Wilson, prop, age 26, caps 18 [PAR] Dylan Hartley, hooker, age 25, caps 29 [PAR] Lee Mears, hooker, age 32, caps 37 [PAR] Steve Thompson, hooker, age 33, caps 67 [PAR] Louis Deacon, second-row, age 30, caps 24 [PAR] Courtney Lawes, second-row, age 22, caps 9 [PAR] Tom Palmer, second-row, age 32, caps 27 [PAR] Simon Shaw, second-row, age 38, caps 67 [PAR] Tom Croft, flanker, age 25, caps 25 [PAR] James Haskell, flanker, age 26, caps 36 [PAR] Lewis Moody (c), flanker, age 33, caps 67 [PAR] Tom Wood, flanker, age 24, caps 7 [PAR] Nick Easter, No8, age 33, caps 44 [PAR] Joe Simpson, scrum-half, age 23, caps 0 [PAR] Richard Wigglesworth, scrum-half, age 28, caps 7 [PAR] Ben Youngs, scrum-half, age 22, caps 12 [PAR] Toby Flood, fly-half, age 26, caps 41 [PAR] Jonny Wilkinson, fly-half, age 32, caps 86 [PAR] Matt Banahan, wing, age 24, caps 13 [PAR] Shontayne Hape, centre, age 30, caps 12 [PAR] Mike Tindall, centre, age 32, caps 71 [PAR] Manu Tuilagi, centre, age 20, caps 1 [PAR] Chris Ashton, wing, age 24, caps 12 [PAR] Mark Cueto, wing, age 31, caps 52 [PAR] Delon Armitage, full-back, age 27, caps 21 [PAR] Ben Foden, full-back, age 26, caps 16 [PAR] Average age 26.7 [PAR] Everything you need to know about the Romanian side at the Rugby World Cup [PAR] Published: 6 Sep 2011 [PAR] Everything you need to know about the improving Lelos at the Rugby World Cup [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astronomy for Kids - The Big Dipper - dustbunny.com Astronomy for Kids - The Big Dipper [PAR] A map of Ursa Major. [PAR] The Big Dipper and Ursa Major [PAR] Since the Big Dipper is part of the constellation Ursa Major (The Great Bear), it is technically not a constellation. It's what is called an asterism, which is the name given to interesting star patterns that are easily recognizable, but not one of the \"official\" constellations. [PAR] Be that as it may, the Big Dipper is probably one of the first objects in the sky that we learn to find and identify. It's distinctive position at the top of the summer night sky and the graceful curve of its handle make it easy for almost anyone to find. [PAR] The link at right will take you to a map of the Ursa Major constellation where you will see where the Big Dipper is in relation to the actual constellation. [PAR] Map of the Big Dipper [PAR] A map of the Big Dipper. [PAR] The Big Dipper and its Companions [PAR] The Big Dipper is very impressive all by itself, but it also is very close to a number of other very interesting sights. Included in these sights, and noted on the map at right, are the Pinwheel galaxy and the Whirlpool galaxy. If you have a good pair of binoculars or a small telescope, you should be able to find these galaxies using the map we have provided. When you find them, they will usually look like a small smudge of light instead of the sharp well-defined light that you are used to seeing when you look at a star. [PAR] There are also several double stars in the Big Dipper, which you should be able to see using a small telescope. All in all, the Big Dipper is a very interesting place indeed. [PAR] Big Dipper and Polaris [PAR] A map of the Big Dipper and Polaris. [PAR] A Compass in the Sky [PAR] As you spend more time watching the sky, you will learn that the stars in one constellation can help lead you to other sky landmarks. The Big Dipper is no exception as you can use two of the stars in its \"cup\" to find the North Star and you can use the arc of its handle to find the giant red star Arcturus. [PAR] As the Big Dipper rotates around our north sky \"pole\", in what is caled a \"circumpolar\" orbit, two of the stars in its bowl can always ppoint the way to Polaris, the North Star. Although Polaris is not often at exactly North on a compass, it's fairly close and can help you get your directions when you are outside at night. [PAR] Terence Dickinson's book \"Nightwatch\", which we have a link to on the main Constellations page, has many examples of using constellations and their stars to find your way around the night sky. We recommend it highly. [PAR] Follow the Drinking Gourd [PAR] In the United States, during the nineteenth century, African-Americans that were being held as slaves in the south made very practical use of the Big Dipper's consistent northern sky location. The Big Dipper was also known as the Drinking Gourd and slaves trying to make their way to freedom used it as a guidepost to find their way North and escape the bonds of slavery. [PAR] The lyrics of folk song \"Follow the Drinking Gourd\" served as guide to help them find their way north and its chorus reminded them to always follow the Drinking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE ARDENNES: BATTLE OF THE BULGE (Contents) THE ARDENNES: BATTLE OF THE BULGE (Contents) [PAR] BATTLE OF THE BULGE [PAR] OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORY [PAR] DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY [PAR] WASHINGTON, D.C., 1965 [PAR] This volume, one of the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, is the eighth to be published in the subseries, THE EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS. The volumes in the overall series will be closely related and will present a comprehensive account of the activities of the Military Establishment during World War II. [PAR] [PAR] Library of Congress Catalog Number: 65-60001 [PAR] (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, [PAR] U.S. Government Printing Office, [PAR] UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II [PAR] Stetson Conn, General Editor [PAR] (As of 1 July 1964) [PAR] [PAR] Industrial College of the Armed Forces [PAR] [PAR] Maj. Gen. Hugh M. Exton [PAR] US Continental Army Command [PAR] Brig. Gen. Ward S. Ryan [PAR] US Army War College [PAR] Brig. Gen. Elias C. Townsend [PAR] US Army Command and General Staff College [PAR] [PAR] Lt. Col. Thomas E. Griess [PAR] United States Military Academy [PAR] Office of the Chief of Military History [PAR] Brig. Gen. Hal. C. Pattison, Chief of Military History [PAR] Chief Historian [PAR] Chief, Editorial and Graphics Division [PAR] Col. Walter B. McKenzie [PAR] A Town En Route to Kaundorf [PAR] 639 [PAR] All illustrations are from Department of Defense files, with the exception of the photograph on page 76 (General Dietrich) reproduced through the courtesy of the Central Intelligence Agency, and the one on page 174 (General von Luettwitz), taken from captured German records in the National Archives. [PAR] Foreword [PAR] During most of the eleven months between D-day and V-E day in Europe, the U S Army was carrying on highly successful offensive operations As a consequence, the American soldier was buoyed with success, imbued with the idea that his enemy could not strike him a really heavy counterblow, and sustained by the conviction that the war was nearly won. Then, unbelievably, and under the goad of Hitler's fanaticism, the German Army launched its powerful counteroffensive in the Ardennes in December 1944 with the design of knifing through the Allied armies and forcing a negotiated peace The mettle of the American soldier was tested in the fires of adversity and the quality of his response earned for him the right to stand shoulder to shoulder with his forebears of Valley Forge, Fredericksburg, and the Marne. [PAR] This is the story of how the Germans planned and executed their offensive. It is the story of how the high command, American and British, reacted to defeat the German plan once the reality of a German offensive was accepted. But most of all it is the story of the American fighting man and the manner in which he fought a myriad of small defensive battles until the torrent of the German attack was slowed and diverted, its force dissipated and finally spent. It is the story of squads, platoons, companies, and even conglomerate scratch groups that fought with courage, with fortitude, with sheer obstinacy, often without information or communications or the knowledge of the whereabouts of friends. In less than a fortnight the enemy was stopped and the Americans were preparing to resume the offensive. While Bastogne has become the symbol of this obstinate, gallant, and successful defense, this work appropriately emphasizes the crucial significance of early American success in containing the attack by holding firmly on its northern and southern shoulders and by upsetting the enemy timetable at St. Vith and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Days Are in a Year? - PUMAS How Many Days Are in a Year? - PUMAS [PAR] View PUMAS Example [PAR] How Many Days Are in a Year? [PAR] Background: The true length of a year on Earth is 365.2422 days, or about 365.25 days. We keep our calendar in sync with the seasons by having most years 365 days long but making just under 1/4 of all years 366-day \"leap\" years. [PAR] Exercise: Design a reasonable calendar for an imaginary planet. Your calendar will consist of a pattern of 366-day \"leap\" years and 365-day regular years that approximates your planet's average number of days per year. [PAR] Grade Level: High School (9-12) [PAR] Subject Keywords: Leap year, Year, Calendar, Error analysis, Successive approximations, Fractions [PAR] Author(s): Evan M. Manning[DOC] [TLE] How many days are in a leap year? - Quora How many days are in a leap year? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written Dec 9 [PAR] How many days in a Leap Year? [PAR] Well there are 366 days in a Leap year as in a leap year there are 29 days in February. [1] [PAR] Footnotes [PAR] Written Jan 13, 2016 [PAR] There is normally 365 days in a year. When we have a leap year there is the additional day added to the month of Febuary, it normally has 28, in this year it will have 29 due to the earths rotation around the sun; causing this to be needed. [PAR] 616 Views [PAR] There are 366 days in a leap year. [PAR] [PAR] A year usually has 365 days The extra day is needed to keep the calendar \"in synch\" with the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The Earth takes about 365 and a quarter days to orbit the Sun once. [PAR] Normally a year has 365 days,but in a leap year there is 366 days. [PAR] 41 Views [PAR] Updated Jan 23, 2015 [PAR] Without a doubt, a single passage from J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings leaps to mind as perhaps the most thrilling scene ever illustrated in fantasy literature: [PAR] In rode the Lord of the Nazg\u00fbl. A great black shape against the fires beyond he loomed up, grown to a vast menace of despair. [PAR] In rode the Lord of the Nazg\u00fbl, under the archway that no enemy ever yet had passed, and all fled bef..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leap Day Birthdays and Events - Time and Date Leap Day Birthdays and Events [PAR] The last Leap Day was on February 29, 2016 . [PAR] \u201cLeapling\u201d Birthdays [PAR] Leap day on February 29 occurs nearly every four years , but leap day babies, or leaplings, still get to celebrate their birthdays in common years . Some celebrate on February 28, some prefer March 1. [PAR] When and what is Leap Day? [PAR] However, many countries have laws defining which date a person born on February 29 comes of age in legal terms. For instance in New Zealand, the official birthday falls on February 28 in common years; in other countries like the United Kingdom, leap year babies have to wait until March 1. [PAR] Leap Year World Records [PAR] According to the Guinness Book of Records, the only verified example of a family producing three consecutive generations born on February 29 is that of the Keogh family. Peter Anthony was born in Ireland on a Leap Day in 1940, while his son, Peter Eric, was born in the UK on February 29, 1964. Peter Eric's daughter, Bethany Wealth, was also a Leap Day baby, born in the UK on February 29, 1996. [PAR] Leap Day Traditions and Superstitions [PAR] The Henriksen family from Andenes, Norway currently holds the official record for the most number of children born in one family on leap day. Karin Henriksen gave birth to three children on February 29; her daughter Heidi in 1960 and her sons Olav and Leif-Martin in 1964 and 1968. [PAR] Celebrity Leap Day Birthdays [PAR] 1468 \u2013 Pope Paul III (d. 1549) [PAR] 1792 \u2013 Gioacchino Rossini, Italian composer (William Tell, The Barber of Seville) (d. 1868) [PAR] 1896 \u2013 Morarji Desai, former Indian prime minister (d. 1995) [PAR] 1968 \u2013 Wendi Louise Peters, English television and theatre character actress [PAR] 1916 \u2013 Dinah Shore, American singer (d. 1994) [PAR] 1924 \u2013 Al Rosen, American baseball player [PAR] 1924 \u2013 Carlos Humberto Romero, former president of El Salvador [PAR] 1960 \u2013 Anthony (Tony) Robbins, American motivational speaker [PAR] 1964 \u2013 Lyndon Byers, Canadian hockey player [PAR] 1972 \u2013 Saul Stacey Williams, American singer, musician, poet, writer, and actor [PAR] 1972 \u2013 Antonio Sab\u00e0to Jr, Italian-born actor [PAR] 1976 \u2013 Ja Rule (real name Jeffrey Atkins), American rapper and actor [PAR] 1980 \u2013 Chris Conley, American musician and songwriter/composer[DOC] [TLE] School leaving age - GOV.UK School leaving age - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Your school leaving age depends on where you live. [PAR] England [PAR] You can leave school on the last Friday in June if you\u2019ll be 16 by the end of the summer holidays. [PAR] You must then do one of the following until you\u2019re 18: [PAR] stay in full-time education, for example at a college [PAR] start an apprenticeship or traineeship [PAR] spend 20 hours or more a week working or volunteering, while in part-time education or training [PAR] Scotland [PAR] If you turn 16 between 1 March and 30 September you can leave school after 31 May of that year. [PAR] If you turn 16 between 1 October and the end of February you can leave at the start of the Christmas holidays in that school year. [PAR] Wales [PAR] You can leave school on the last Friday in June, as long as you\u2019ll be 16 by the end of that school year\u2019s summer holidays. [PAR] Northern Ireland [PAR] If you turn 16 during the school year (between 1 September and 1 July) you can leave school after 30 June. [PAR] If you turn 16"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pirates of Penzance - Theatre Gold The Pirates of Penzance [PAR] The Pirates of Penzance [PAR] [PAR] by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert [PAR] The Pirates of Penzance; or, The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. The opera\u2019s official premiere was at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City on 31 December 1879, where the show was well-received by both audiences and critics.[1] Its London debut was on 3 April 1880, at the Opera Comique, where it ran for a very successful 363 performances, having already been playing successfully for over three months in New York. [PAR] The story concerns Frederic, who, having completed his 21st year, is released from his apprenticeship to a band of tender-hearted pirates. He meets Mabel, the daughter of Major-General Stanley, and the two young people fall instantly in love. Frederic finds out, however, that he was born on February 29, and so, technically, he only has a birthday each leap year. His apprenticeship indentures state that he remains apprenticed to the pirates until his 21st birthday, and so he must serve for another 63 years.[2] Mabel agrees to wait for him faithfully. [PAR] Pirates was the fifth Gilbert and Sullivan collaboration and introduced the much-parodied Major-General\u2019s Song. The opera was performed for a century by the D\u2019Oyly Carte Opera Company in Britain and many other opera companies and repertory companies worldwide. [PAR] It has received several modernised productions, including Joseph Papp\u2019s 1981 production on Broadway, which ran for 787 performances, winning the Tony Award for Best Revival and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical, and spawned many imitations. Pirates remains popular today, taking its place along with The Mikado and H.M.S. Pinafore as one of the most frequently played Gilbert and Sullivan operas [PAR] [PAR] Background [PAR] [PAR] The Pirates of Penzance was the only Gilbert and Sullivan opera to have its official premiere in the United States. At the time, American law offered no copyright protection to foreigners. After their previous opera, H.M.S. Pinafore, was a hit in London, over a hundred American companies quickly mounted unauthorised productions, often taking considerable liberties with the text and paying no royalties to the creators.[3] Gilbert and Sullivan hoped to forestall further \u201ccopyright piracy\u201d by mounting the first production of their next opera in America, before others could copy it, and by delaying publication of the score and libretto.[4] They succeeded in keeping for themselves the direct profits of the first production of the opera by opening the production themselves on Broadway, prior to the London production. They also operated U.S. touring companies.[3] However, Gilbert, Sullivan, and their producer, Richard D\u2019Oyly Carte, failed in their efforts over the next decade, to control the American performance copyrights over their operas.[5] [PAR] [PAR] Genesis [PAR] [PAR] After the success of Pinafore, Gilbert was eager to get started on the next opera, and he began working on the libretto in December 1878.[6] He re-used several elements of his 1870 one-act piece, Our Island Home, which had introduced a pirate \u201cchief\u201d, Captain Bang. Bang was mistakenly apprenticed to a pirate band as a child by his deaf nursemaid. Also, Bang, like Frederic, had never seen a woman before and was affected by a keen a sense of duty, as an apprenticed pirate, until the passage of his twenty-first birthday freed him from his articles of indenture.[7] George Bernard Shaw wrote that Gilbert, who had earlier adapted Offenbach\u2019s Les brigands, drew on that work also for his new"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joss Ackland - Biography - IMDb Joss Ackland - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Joss Ackland [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 24 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (15) | Personal Quotes (3) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 6' 1\" (1.85 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Joss Ackland, the distinguished English actor who has appeared in over 100 movies, scores of plays and a plethora of television programs in his six-decade career, was born Sidney Edmond Jocelyn Ackland on February 29, 1928, in North Kensington, London. After attending London's Central School of Speech and Drama, the 17-year-old Ackland made his professional stage debut in \"The Hasty Heart\" in 1945. [PAR] Although he first appeared on film in John Boulting 's and Roy Boulting 's Oscar-winning thriller Seven Days to Noon (1950) in an uncredited bit role, he made his credited debut in a supporting role in Vernon Sewell 's Ghost Ship (1952). He would not again grace the big screen until the end of the decade. Instead, Ackland spent the latter half of the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s honing his craft in regional theatrical companies. [PAR] In 1955 he left the English stage behind and moved to Africa to manage a tea plantation, an experience that likely informed his heralded performance 20 years later in White Mischief (1987). In his two years in Africa he wrote plays and did service as a radio disc jockey. Upon his return to England in 1957, he joined the Old Vic company. [PAR] From 1962-64 he served as associate director of the Mermaid Theatre. Subsequently, his stage acting career primarily was in London's commercial West End theater, where he made a name for himself in musicals. He was distinguished as Captain Hook in the musical version of \"Peter Pan\" and as Juan Peron in \"Evita\". In the straight theater he was a memorable Falstaff in William Shakespeare 's \"Henry IV Parts 1 & 2\" and as Captain Shotover in George Bernard Shaw 's \"Heartbreak House\". In the 1960s Ackland began appearing more regularly in films, and his career as a movie character actor picked up rapidly in the 1970s and began to flourish in the 1980s. It has shown little sign of abating in the 21st century, even though he's well into his 70s. [PAR] In addition to his performance in \"White Mischief\", among his more notable turns as an actor before the camera came in the BBC-TV production of Shadowlands (1985), in which he played 'C.S. Lewis', and in Lethal Weapon 2 (1989) as the South African heavy. [PAR] He is the father of seven children, whom he listed as his \"hobby\" in a 1981 interview. On December 31, 2000, Joss Ackland was named a Commander of the British Empire on the New Year's Honours List for his 50 years of service to the English stage, cinema and television. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Jon C. Hopwood [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] (1951 - 25 July 2002) (her death) (7 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (1) [PAR] Deep, distinctive voice [PAR] Trivia (15) [PAR] He was awarded the C.B.E. (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2001 Queen's New Years Honours List for his services to drama. [PAR] He studied at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London, England. [PAR] Has five daughters (Melanie, Antonia, Penelope, Samantha and Kirsty) and one son (Toby). His eldest son, Paul, died of a heroin overdose in 1982. [PAR] His son, Paul, worked as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leap Day Customs & Traditions - timeanddate.com Leap Day Customs & Traditions [PAR] Home Calendar Leap Day Customs [PAR] Leap Day Customs & Traditions [PAR] Leap Day, on February 29, has been a day of traditions, folklore and superstitions ever since Leap Years were first introduced by Julius Caesar over 2000 years ago. [PAR] Gloves can hide a naked ring finger. [PAR] Tradition dictates that a man who refuses a woman's proposal on leap day has to buy her 12 pairs of gloves so she may hide the embarrassment of not having an engagement ring. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/photllurg [PAR] Last leap day was February 29, 2016 . [PAR] Women Propose to Their Men [PAR] According to an old Irish legend, or possibly history, St Brigid struck a deal with St Patrick to allow women to propose to men \u2013 and not just the other way around \u2013 every four years. [PAR] This is believed to have been introduced to balance the traditional roles of men and women in a similar way to how leap day balances the calendar. [PAR] Gloves Hide Naked Ring Finger [PAR] In some places, leap day has been known as \u201cBachelors\u2019 Day\u201d for the same reason. A man was expected to pay a penalty, such as a gown or money, if he refused a marriage proposal from a woman on Leap Day. [PAR] In many European countries, especially in the upper classes of society, tradition dictates that any man who refuses a woman's proposal on February 29 has to buy her 12 pairs of gloves. The intention is that the woman can wear the gloves to hide the embarrassment of not having an engagement ring. During the middle ages there were laws governing this tradition. [PAR] Leap Day Babies World Record [PAR] People born on February 29 are all invited to join The Honor Society of Leap Year Day Babies. [PAR] According to the Guinness Book of Records, there are Leap Day World Record Holders both of a family producing three consecutive generations born on February 29 and of the number of children born on February 29 in the same family. [PAR] Unlucky in Love [PAR] In Scotland, it used to be considered unlucky for someone to be born on leap day, just as Friday 13th is considered an unlucky day by many. Greeks consider it unlucky for couples to marry during a leap year, and especially on Leap Day. [PAR] St Oswald\u2019s Day [PAR] Leap day is also St Oswald\u2019s Day, named after the archbishop of York who died on February 29, 992. His memorial is celebrated on February 29 during leap years and on February 28 during common years ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birthday Horoscope February 29th Pisces, If your Birthday ... Birthday Horoscope February 29th Pisces, If your Birthday is February 29 [PAR] Birthday Horoscope for February 29th [PAR] If your Birthday is February 29 and your Zodiac Sign is Pisces [PAR] Birthday Persona Profile [PAR] People born specifically on the 29th of February are as Pisces Leap Year individuals believed to be extremely likeable, tactful and generous. The ruling astrological planet for this particular day is the Moon forming personalities that are sensitive, creative friendly daydreamers. Although you present yourself as sometimes having your head in the clouds you are really very focused and resilient. If you have this birthday a combination of communicative charm, sociability and insightfulness helps you anticipate the thoughts and motivations of others. You are a little bit ambitious but soon discouraged by negative responses or slow routes to success. With a February the twenty ninth birthday you are loving and giving with youthful looks and a modern but mature outlook. Your way with words and sympathetic nature make you an excellent listener who can usually offer both practical and emotional support selflessly. [PAR] Work and Finances [PAR] Work options to a person born on the twenty ninth of February must ordinarily be flexible and interesting. You are not generally the sort who will stay in a certain profession for most of their working life. Occupations are chosen with these things and your family orientated approach in mind. Your daydreamy imaginative ideas and artistic streak tend to draw you towards unusual career paths. Finances are an area where you have competence but are also likely to be a shopaholic with not much self control. You could have to be quite strict with yourself to keep your budget out of the red. [PAR] Personal Relationships [PAR] As a Pisces, the person born on the twenty ninth day of February is typical in their sensitivity and perceptive idealistic view of romantic attachments. You adore the notion and feeling of being in love and will seek a partner who is as attentive, caring, home loving and affectionate. Your outgoing pleasant temperament is friendly and loyal and you will usually put a lot into the friendship element of personal relationships. The physical side of a partnership gives you the opportunity to use your intuitive and visionary imagination to help keep the romance alive. Long term soul mate relationships see you sometimes displaying jealous or possessive behavior as fidelity and devotion are immensely important to you. As you are well aware of your insecurities you will often be the one to apologize and enjoy the subsequent kissing and making up. [PAR] Health [PAR] Ill health is not something that seems to bother or be experienced much by those born on February 29th as you have a brilliant attitude concerning healthiness. You are usually especially careful about your dietary and exercise requirements and the need to set adequate time aside for relaxation. This even balance and commonsense approach helps keep illnesses to a minimum. If you have too many stresses or distractions to worry about this can occasionally cause you sleepless nights disrupting your healthy routines. Talking about anxieties should assist in the prevention of stress build up. [PAR] Strengths and Weaknesses [PAR] The foremost strengths of your character are probably within the childlike appreciative enthusiasm you possess and in your willingness to admit mistakes. These characteristics and your aptitude to compromise make you easy to get along with and fun to know. A main Weakness of the personality for those born on February 29th is the tendency to become the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] February 29 - Everything2.com February 29 - Everything2.com [PAR] February 29 [PAR] Tue Jun 03 2003 at 17:54:34 [PAR] \"Thirty days hath September , [PAR] All the rest have thirty-one [PAR] Excepting February alone [PAR] Which has twenty-eight days, clear, [PAR] And twenty-nine in each leap year.\" [PAR] February 29 is a bissextile - the day added to the Gregorian calendar to account for the difference between a solar year , and the typical 365 day calendar year . Over your lifetime, you will see this leap day occur approximately once every 1461 days (once every 4 years). However, over the course of history , Feb 29 actually occurs less frequently - about once every 1506 days. This is because a year is only a leap year if it is: [PAR] divisible by 4 and not divisible by 100 [PAR] or [PAR] it is divisible by 400 [PAR] For this reason 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was. Over the course of 400 years, this means that there are 97 instead of 100 occurrences of February 29. For information on how all of this started, check out Gregorian Calendar . [PAR] Interesting Facts about the Day [PAR] In many countries, this is Sadie Hawkins day or Bachelor's Day [PAR] In the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith , it is a day for service and gift giving [PAR] It is International Underlings' Day , a holiday for anyone not covered by Boss's Day or Secretary's Day . [PAR] This Day in History [PAR] 1288 [PAR] Scotland set aside this day as the one day when a woman could propose marriage to a man. If he refused, he was required to pay a fine. St. Patrick was said to have refused a marriage proposal on this day. [PAR] Dawn Fraser received her 36th world record . The Australian swimmer was timed at 58.9 seconds in the 100-meter freestyle in Sydney , Australia. [PAR] In other world record news, Frank Rugani drove a shuttlecock over 79 feet. [PAR] The first pulsar is discovered. [PAR] US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [PAR] 1972 [PAR] Hank Aaron becomes the first baseball player to sign for $200000. [PAR] Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau announces he is stepping down. [PAR] February 29 Birthdays [PAR] You may wonder when leap day babies celebrate their birthday . Some celebrate it on February 28 , and some celebrate it on March 1 . If it is not a leap year, for all legal purposes, it should be celebrated on March 1. Why? Try to get your drivers license when you are 15 going on 16, or try going out for a drink when you are 20 going on 21 when it is February 28 - they will tell you to come back tomorrow . However, it's actually much more tricky than this. While everyone is having pity on these people with leap year births, no one thinks that they too have the same problem. [PAR] We all celebrate our birthdays incorrectly [PAR] What most people actually celebrate is their birth date. If you consider your birthday to be the day you turn another year older, then on average , you actually celebrate your birthday incorrectly 1/4 to 3/4 of the time (the longer you live, the closer it gets to 3/4). Since a year is 365.2425 days (or as we typically estimate it to 365.25), your birthday actually fluctuates in both date and time . [PAR] As an example, look at the first four years of the life of a baby born at noon on January"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leap Year Cocktail - Small Screen Network Leap Year Cocktail - Small Screen Network [PAR] The Cocktail Spirit with Robert Hess [PAR] Leap Year Cocktail [PAR] The Savoy Cocktail Book touts the Leap Year Cocktail for having \u201cbeen responsible for more proposals than any other cocktail that has ever been mixed.\u201d Invented by the books author, Harry Craddock, for the Leap Year celebrations at the Savoy Hotel, London, on February 29th, 1928, the cocktail is certainly substantial enough for any celebration. [PAR] Ingredients [PAR] 2 oz Hendrick\u2019s Gin [PAR] 1/2 oz Grand Marnier [PAR] Strain into a cocktail coupe. [PAR] Garnish with a lemon twist. [PAR] blair frodelius 20 Apr 2011 [PAR] 3:32 am [PAR] If you\u2019ve decided to forego paying your taxes this year, you might enjoy a Scofflaw cocktail as seen in Robert\u2019s video here: http://www.smallscreennetwork.com/video/362 [PAR] Cheers! [PAR] 12:10 pm [PAR] Nice find Robert! I tried this one last night, and it was delightful. [PAR] There\u2019s a LOT of drinks to wade through in the Savoy book, so I appreciate the help. Thanks! [PAR] Lynn Ballintiner 29 Feb 2012 [PAR] 2:40 pm [PAR] Hmm, only a dash of lemon juice, but you shook the cocktail. Seems like a \u201cstirrer\u201d to me? [PAR] Robert Hess 29 Feb 2012 [PAR] 2:54 pm[DOC] [TLE] Leap Year Cocktail | Daddy-O's Martinis Leap Year Cocktail \u2013 Daddy-O's Martinis [PAR] \u2022 John Apodaca [PAR] Leap year is a year that has one extra day in the calendar ( most commonly known as leap day) in February making it 29 days instead of 28. Since it only comes around every four years, why not celebrate with a libation fit for the occasion. This cocktail was invented by barman, Harry Craddock for the leap year celebration at the Savoy hotel in London, on February 29th, 1928. It\u2019s said to have been responsible for more proposals than any other cocktail that has been mixed. [PAR] Leap Year Cocktail"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SCANDINAVIA RUSSIA & ICELAND - GlobalCoachTours Coach Tours of Scandinavia, Russia and Iceland [PAR] +44 1773-297030 Click to [PAR] Coach Tours of Scandinavia, Russia and Iceland [PAR] Take a coach tour of Scandinavia and enter a land of fjords, forest and famous folklore. Tales of Norse gods and trolls still abound, as well as many other mythical creatures living on land and in water. Scandinavia consists of Denmark, Norway, Sweden. We can also use the term \u2018Nordic Countries\u2019 which then includes Finland and Iceland. Whilst Finland uses the Euro currency, all the others have different currencies all called \u2018krona\u2019 and some variation of that spelling. You can use credit cards everywhere, but you will need local currency for small purchases. Visit Copenhangen in Denmark, the home of legendary story teller Hans Christian Anderson. Learn more about the Little Mermaid Statue. The city favours cyclists and pedestrians, so it\u2019s easy to get around and view the harbour, Tivoli Gardens and Royal Palace. [PAR] Innovative Danish restaurants have emerged such as Noma - a two-Michelin-star restaurant run by chef Ren\u00e9 Redzepi. The top attraction in our view is the Nyhavn Canal quayside flanked by colourful wooden houses (not made of lego) and waterside caf\u00e9s. Denmark is the smallest of the Nordic countries and prompts thoughts of Danish pastries, Danish bacon and the Carlsberg brewery. Besides these tasty indulgences, take a look in a toy shop and be reminded of the billions of multi coloured lego bricks that have come from this small country. Your Nordic coach holiday will usually begin in Denmark. From there you may head north to Frederikshavn for an overnight stay. Next day cross the Kattegat via a leisurely ferry crossing to Gothenburg, Sweden's second biggest city. After a view of the city, you head north through the west side of Sweden and cross another international border into Norway and the capital city of Oslo. [PAR] Head far north of Scandinavia to Iceland. Encounter a place of nature\u2019s wonders - spouting waterfalls, volcanoes and dazzling scenes every step of the way. The staggering landscape of this nation will guarantee you will need to return over and over. Start your trip in the capital Reykjav\u00edk Places you visit on most tours include the hot-springs at Geysir and the stunning Gullfoss Waterfalls, a sort of Iceland Niagara. No tour to Iceland is complete without a visit to Reykjavik's Blue Lagoon. [PAR] Whilst we are in this general region of Europe, let\u2019s mention Finland again, but this time add the Baltic states and a small portion of Russia, namely Moscow and St Petersburg. [PAR] Finland is covered with just an overnight stay on most tours. You arrive at the capital Helsinki, your Local Specialist shows you the city's sights including Finlandia Hall, Senate and Market Squares. St Petersburg is very impressive and demands a longer stay with it\u2019s canals and colourful buildings. The city's sights include the Tsar's Winter Palace, Nevsky Prospekt, St. Isaac's Cathedral and the statue of Peter the Great. The Hermitage Museum contains one of the world's largest and most valuable art collections, so prepare to be wowed. On arrival in Moscow get ready to see the main sites of Red Square and St. Basil's Cathedral. Visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Kremlin. The Baltic gems of Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia have compact and charming old town centres in their respective capitals of Vilnius, Tallinn and Riga. We are sure you will enjoy your tours of all these fascinating places. [PAR] Featured Tours [PAR] Highlights of Scandinavia [PAR] A 12 day tour by coach around the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthony \u2013 Leap Year Capital of the World Anthony \u2013 Leap Year Capital of the World [PAR] Home Calculators Anthony \u2013 Leap Year Capital of the World [PAR] Anthony \u2013 Leap Year Capital of the World [PAR] Anthony, Texas, in the United States, is known as the \u201cLeap Capital of the World\u201d. Every leap year, this tiny town hosts the Worldwide Leap Year Festival. [PAR] Leap Year Festival February 29. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Christopher Stokes [PAR] Leap Day \u2013 history & traditions [PAR] Leap year birthday festivals [PAR] Since 1988, Anthony throws birthday festivals every leap year for people born on February 29. People throughout the USA and overseas travel to this tiny town to take part in parades, birthday dinners, and hot air balloon lifts. [PAR] Participants range from babies celebrating their first birthday to people in their 90s celebrating another leap day birthday. In 1992 a man registered his 104-year-old mother, born on a leap day, for the festival. [PAR] Background [PAR] In 1988 local resident Mary Ann Brown and her neighbor Birdie Lewis, both born on a leap day, approached the Chamber of Commerce with the idea of a leap year festival and a leap year birthday club for those born on a leap day. [PAR] They wanted to give the town local recognition and to help raise funds for the community. In February 1988 the town\u2019s Chamber of Commerce voted to sponsor the festival and did so until 2011. The governors of both New Mexico and Texas later declared Anthony the \u201cLeap Year Capital of the World\u201d. [PAR] Advertising"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leap year: 10 things about 29 February - BBC News Leap year: 10 things about 29 February - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Leap year: 10 things about 29 February [PAR] 1 March 2012 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] The \"leap day\" of 29 February exists for purely astronomical reasons, but has always prompted less scientific curiosities. [PAR] Here are 10 things to consider - for one day only. Until 2016, that is. [PAR] 1. The leapyear's extra day is necessary because of the \"messiness\" of our Solar System. One Earth year (a complete orbit around the Sun) does not take an exact number of whole days (one complete spin of the Earth on its axis). In fact, it takes 365.2422 days, give or take. [PAR] 2. Until JuliusCaesar came to power, people observed a 355-day calendar - with an extra 22-day month every two years. But it was a convoluted solution to the problem and feast days began sliding into different seasons. So Caesar ordered his astronomer, Sosigenes, to simplify things. Sosigenes opted for the 365-day year with an extra day every four years to scoop up the extra hours. This is how the 29 February was born. It was then fine-tuned by Pope Gregory XIII (see below). [PAR] 3. Every fourthyear is a leap year, as a rule of thumb. But that's not the end of the story. A year that is divisible by 100, but not by 400, is not. So 2000 was a leap year under the Gregorian calendar, as was 1600. But 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not leap years. \"It seems a bit arbitrary,\" says Ian Stewart, emeritus professor of mathematics at Warwick University. But there's a good reason behind it. [PAR] \"The year is 365 days and a quarter long - but not exactly. If it was exactly, then you could say it was every four years. But it is very slightly less.\" The answer arrived at by Pope Gregory XIII and his astronomers when they introduced the Gregorian calendar in 1582, was to lose three leap days every 400 years. The maths has hung together ever since. It will need to be rethought in about 10,000 years' time, Stewart warns. But by then mankind might have come up with a new system. [PAR] PM's Leap Day [PAR] By Eddie MairPresenter, PM [PAR] All this month on PM, listeners have been asked whether they'd be prepared to take advantage of this extra day to do something different. [PAR] It transpires there are a lot of people who're ready to use today to take a leap . [PAR] There's the apparently mundane... \"I resolve to speak Mandarin all day long\"\u2026 \"my partner and I are going to visit some elderly people\"... \"often meant to take a roof tour of Lincoln Cathedral but never got round to it\". [PAR] After six years one woman will finally decide the wording for her husband's headstone. Some people are at last scattering the ashes of loved ones having put it off for years. [PAR] There's a woman taking up the hula-hoop after more than 50 years. [PAR] One woman intends to have some chocolate today - her anorexia has been a problem for years. A man who suffers panic attacks will try to make a bus journey. And a woman in her 60s will get a tattoo. [PAR] PM is on BBC Radio Four, Monday to Saturday at 17:00 GMT [PAR] PM blog [PAR] 4. Why isFebruary 29, not February 31, a leap year day? All the other months have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leap year: 10 things about 29 February - BBC News Leap year: 10 things about 29 February - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Leap year: 10 things about 29 February [PAR] 1 March 2012 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] The \"leap day\" of 29 February exists for purely astronomical reasons, but has always prompted less scientific curiosities. [PAR] Here are 10 things to consider - for one day only. Until 2016, that is. [PAR] 1. The leapyear's extra day is necessary because of the \"messiness\" of our Solar System. One Earth year (a complete orbit around the Sun) does not take an exact number of whole days (one complete spin of the Earth on its axis). In fact, it takes 365.2422 days, give or take. [PAR] 2. Until JuliusCaesar came to power, people observed a 355-day calendar - with an extra 22-day month every two years. But it was a convoluted solution to the problem and feast days began sliding into different seasons. So Caesar ordered his astronomer, Sosigenes, to simplify things. Sosigenes opted for the 365-day year with an extra day every four years to scoop up the extra hours. This is how the 29 February was born. It was then fine-tuned by Pope Gregory XIII (see below). [PAR] 3. Every fourthyear is a leap year, as a rule of thumb. But that's not the end of the story. A year that is divisible by 100, but not by 400, is not. So 2000 was a leap year under the Gregorian calendar, as was 1600. But 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not leap years. \"It seems a bit arbitrary,\" says Ian Stewart, emeritus professor of mathematics at Warwick University. But there's a good reason behind it. [PAR] \"The year is 365 days and a quarter long - but not exactly. If it was exactly, then you could say it was every four years. But it is very slightly less.\" The answer arrived at by Pope Gregory XIII and his astronomers when they introduced the Gregorian calendar in 1582, was to lose three leap days every 400 years. The maths has hung together ever since. It will need to be rethought in about 10,000 years' time, Stewart warns. But by then mankind might have come up with a new system. [PAR] PM's Leap Day [PAR] By Eddie MairPresenter, PM [PAR] All this month on PM, listeners have been asked whether they'd be prepared to take advantage of this extra day to do something different. [PAR] It transpires there are a lot of people who're ready to use today to take a leap . [PAR] There's the apparently mundane... \"I resolve to speak Mandarin all day long\"\u2026 \"my partner and I are going to visit some elderly people\"... \"often meant to take a roof tour of Lincoln Cathedral but never got round to it\". [PAR] After six years one woman will finally decide the wording for her husband's headstone. Some people are at last scattering the ashes of loved ones having put it off for years. [PAR] There's a woman taking up the hula-hoop after more than 50 years. [PAR] One woman intends to have some chocolate today - her anorexia has been a problem for years. A man who suffers panic attacks will try to make a bus journey. And a woman in her 60s will get a tattoo. [PAR] PM is on BBC Radio Four, Monday to Saturday at 17:00 GMT [PAR] PM blog [PAR] 4. Why isFebruary 29, not February 31, a leap year day? All the other months have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Sadie Hawkins Day? What is Sadie Hawkins Day? [PAR] Updated February 16, 2016. [PAR] Question: What is Sadie Hawkins Day? Is It the Same Day as Leap Day? [PAR] Sadie Hawkins Day is a holiday that turns the tables on male/female relationships as women take the lead in pursuing men. [PAR] Answer: Named after a fictional character, Sadie Hawkins Day celebrates role reversal by sanctioning women to ask men out on a date or even propose marriage. [PAR] There's a common misconception that February 29th (better known as Leap Day) is Sadie Hawkins Day. Although that isn't the case, February 29th does hold significance for women thanks to an old Irish tradition called St. Bridget's Complaint , which granted women permission to propose marriage on that day. [PAR] Sadie Hawkins Day is rooted in the story of Sadie Hawkins, a character created by Al Capp in the comic strip Li'l Abner. Sadie Described as \"the homeliest gal in the hills,\" Sadie was unable get a date; so her father, a prominent citizen in the town of Dogpatch, named a day after her to help Sadie get a man. [PAR] On Sadie Hawkins Day, a footrace was held in Dogpatch so the women could pursue the town's eligible bachelors. [PAR] According to the Li'l Abner website, Sadie Hawkins Day is an unspecified date in November which Al Capp observed in his comic strip for four decades."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leap Year Babies and Weddings - Abhijit Bhaduri's Official ... Leap Year Babies and Weddings - Abhijit Bhaduri's Official Website [PAR] Leap Year Babies and Weddings [PAR] POSTED ON February 28, 2015 [PAR] SHARE [PAR] LinkedIn6 [PAR] Today we are celebrating my friend\u2019s birthday. If you really want to get technical about it, Sudhir\u2019s birthday is actually on 29th of February. Yes, my friend is what we call a \u201cleaping year baby\u201d. Yes, that\u2019s what they are called. I have never been able to call him that. Leaping year sounds the same as \u201cleaping ear\u201d and feels weird to visualize. [PAR] We all know that if the year is divisible by 4, it will be a Leap Year. Next year we will get to celebrate Sudhir\u2019s birthday on 29th February and not have to make do with celebrating it a day early or a day later \u2013 yes, we have done that. It is this inconsistency that drives me mad. This is the only birthday which has the potential to be celebrated on three possible dates while the rest of us have to make do with just one. Every year I have make it a point to mark his birthday on a different date. [PAR] Not always so simple [PAR] Can you do the math and tell me if there was a 29th February in the year 1800? If you said yes, like most people who quickly did the math, and divided 1800 perfectly by 4, I have to tell you that you are wrong. Years that are divisible by 100, but not by 400, do not contain a leap day; thus 1700, 1800, and 1900 did not contain a leap day while 1600 and 2000 did. [PAR] The Chinese people have an extra day tucked in to February for the years of the monkey, dragon and rat. [PAR] According to Wikipedia, in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, if a person born on February 29 turns 18 in a non-leap year, they are considered to have their birthday on March 1 in the relevant year. Can the world not have one common date to celebrate the coming of age of these folks? Why must every country and every culture celebrate it their own way? [PAR] How about weddings [PAR] If you are thinking about the complexity of celebrating birthdays on 29th February, getting married on this day is not easy either. In Greece it is considered unlucky to marry on leap day. Shouldn\u2019t everyone in the world be encouraged to marry on 29th Feb? After all they will experience the seven year itch after 28 years of being together. On second thoughts, is that good or bad? [PAR] The Irish saint Brigid struck a deal with St Patrick to allow women to propose to men \u2013 and not just the other way around \u2013 every four years. So the Irish tradition allows women to propose to men on 29th Feb. It is a kind of role reversal aimed at restoring balance. The lawyer in me wants to know what happens if the man spurns the woman\u2019s proposal? I learn that in many European countries, tradition dictates that any man who refuses a woman\u2019s proposal on February 29 has to buy her 12 pairs of gloves. Why so many gloves you may ask. The intention is that the woman can wear the gloves to hide the embarrassment of not having an engagement ring. [PAR] Inspired by this knowledge, may I propose that Sudhir should start celebrating his birthday on 28th February, followed by another riotous round of celebration"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History | Origin of New Years Day / December 31rst ... The History | Origin of New Years Day / December 31rst / Ball Dropping In Times Square [PAR] EVENTS [PAR] A History of New Years [PAR] In 46 B.C.E. the Roman emperor Julius Caesar first established January 1 as New Year\u2019s day. Janus was the Roman god of doors and gates, and had two faces, one looking forward and one back. Caesar felt that the month named after this god (\u201cJanuary\u201d) would be the appropriate \u201cdoor\u201d to the year. Caesar celebrated the first January 1 New Year by ordering the violent routing of revolutionary Jewish forces in the Galilee. Eyewitnesses say blood flowed in the streets. In later years, Roman pagans observed the New Year by engaging in drunken orgies\u2014a ritual they believed constituted a personal re-enacting of the chaotic world that existed before the cosmos was ordered by the gods. [PAR] As Christianity spread, pagan holidays were either incorporated into the Christian calendar or abandoned altogether. By the early medieval period most of Christian Europe regarded Annunciation Day (March 25) as the beginning of the year. (According to Catholic tradition, Annunciation Day commemorates the angel Gabriel\u2019s announcement to Mary that she would be impregnated by G-d and conceive a son to be called Jesus.) [PAR] After William the Conqueror (AKA \u201cWilliam the Bastard\u201d and \u201cWilliam of Normandy\u201d) became King of England on December 25, 1066, he decreed that the English return to the date established by the Roman pagans, January 1. This move ensured that the commemoration of Jesus\u2019 birthday (December 25) would align with William\u2019s coronation, and the commemoration of Jesus\u2019 circumcision (January 1) would start the new year - thus rooting the English and Christian calendars and his own Coronation). William\u2019s innovation was eventually rejected, and England rejoined the rest of the Christian world and returned to celebrating New Years Day on March 25. [PAR] About five hundred years later, in 1582, Pope Gregory XIII (AKA \u201cUgo Boncompagni\u201d, 1502-1585) abandoned the traditional Julian calendar. By the Julian reckoning, the solar year comprised 365.25 days, and the intercalation of a \u201cleap day\u201d every four years was intended to maintain correspondence between the calendar and the seasons. Really, however there was a slight inaccuracy in the Julian measurement (the solar year is actually 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds = 365.2422 days). This slight inaccuracy caused the Julian calendar to slip behind the seasons about one day per century. Although this regression had amounted to 14 days by Pope Gregory\u2019s time, he based his reform on restoration of the vernal equinox, then falling on March 11, to the date had 1,257 years earlier when Council of Nicaea was convened (March 21, 325 C.E.). Pope Gregory made the correction by advancing the calendar 10 days. The change was made the day after October 4, 1582, and that following day was established as October 15, 1582. The Gregorian calendar differs from the Julian in three ways: (1) No century year is a leap year unless it is exactly divisible by 400 (e.g., 1600, 2000, etc.); (2) Years divisible by 4000 are common (not leap) years; and (3) once again the New Year would begin with the date set by the early pagans, the first day of the month of Janus - January 1. [PAR] On New Years Day 1577 Pope Gregory XIII decreed that all Roman Jews, under pain of death, must listen attentively to the compulsory Catholic conversion sermon given in Roman synagogues after Friday night services. On New Years Day 1578 Gregory"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] February 29th and Leap Year superstitions - Historic UK February 29th and Leap Year superstitions [PAR] By Ellen Castelow , Contributing Writer | Comments [PAR] Thirty days hath September, [PAR] All the rest have thirty-one, [PAR] Excepting February alone [PAR] Which hath but twenty-eight, in fine, [PAR] Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. [PAR] - old saying [PAR] Our everyday calendar is an artificial medium that has been juggled with through the centuries in an effort to make it more accurate and more useful. The time it takes for the earth to rotate is 365 \u00bc days but the calendar year is 365 days, hence once every four years to balance this, we have a leap year and an extra day, February 29th. [PAR] Because such years are rarer than normal years, they have become lucky omens. Indeed the 29th February itself is an especially important day. Anything started on this day is sure of success. [PAR] Certainly February 29th in the leap year of 1504 was very successful for one Christopher Columbus. [PAR] The famous explorer had been marooned for several months on the small island of Jamaica. Though the island natives had initially offered food and provisions, Columbus' arrogant and overbearing attitude had so annoyed the natives that they stopped this altogether. [PAR] Facing starvation, Columbus came up with an inspired plan. Consulting a shipboard almanac and finding that a lunar eclipse was due, he called together the native chiefs and announced to them that God would punish them if they did not supply his crew with food. And as an omen of God\u2019s intent to punish them, there would be a sign in the sky: God would darken the Moon. [PAR] Right on cue, the lunar eclipse started. Columbus dramatically disappeared into his cabin as the natives began to panic and begged him to restore the Moon. After more than an hour, Columbus emerged from his cabin and announced that God was prepared to withdraw his punishment if the natives agreed to supply him and his crew with everything they needed. The native chiefs immediately agreed, and within minutes the Moon started emerging from shadow, leaving the natives in awe of Columbus\u2019 power. Columbus continued to receive food and supplies until he was rescued in June 1504. [PAR] For women, February 29th can also be a very successful day, as once every four years on the 29th February they have the \u201cright\u201d to propose to a man. [PAR] The right of every women to propose on 29th February each leap year goes back hundreds of years when the leap year day had no recognition in English law (the day was 'leapt over' and ignored, hence the term 'leap year'). It was decided that the day had no legal status, meaning that a break in tradition on this day was acceptable. [PAR] So on this day, women can take advantage of this anomaly and propose to the man they wish to marry. [PAR] In Scotland however, to ensure success they should also wear a red petticoat under their dress - and make sure that it is partly visible to the man when they propose. [PAR] For those wishing to take advantage of this ancient tradition, 29th February is your day! [PAR] [PAR] Tweet [PAR] If you enjoyed this article, you might also like... [PAR] British Superstitions - Different parts of the country have their own particular superstitions designed to bring good fortune, health and wealth to their house and occupants. Even outside the home certain things had to be done first. For example, to protect the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leap Year Explained - infoplease.com Leap Year Explained [PAR] Leap Year Explained [PAR] Leap years synchronize the calendar year with the solar year [PAR] by Ann Marie Imbornoni & Mark Hughes [PAR] Related Links [PAR] More Leap Year Birthdays [PAR] Why do we need leap year? [PAR] The Gregorian calendar, which now serves as the standard calendar for civil use throughout the world, has both common years and leap years. A common year has 365 days and a leap year 366 days, with the extra, or intercalary , day designated as February 29. A leap year occurs every four years to help synchronize the calendar year with the solar year, or the length of time it takes the earth to complete its orbit about the sun, which is about 365\u00bc days. [PAR] The length of the solar year, however, is slightly less than 365\u00bc days\u2014by about 11 minutes. To compensate for this discrepancy, the leap year is omitted three times every four hundred years. [PAR] In other words, a century year cannot be a leap year unless it is divisible by 400. Thus 1700, 1800, and 1900 were not leap years, but 1600, 2000, and 2400 are leap years. [PAR] What are your chances of being born on leap day? [PAR] About 1 in 1,500. [PAR] When is the birthday party? [PAR] If you are born on a Leap Year, do you get your driver's license on February 28th or March 1st? It is an ambiguous question that is decided by each state. Most states, however, consider March 1st the official day. For instance, the Michigan Vehicle Code states that people born on February 29th \"are deemed to have been born on March 1st.\" [PAR] How many people were born on leap day? [PAR] There are about 187,000 people in the US and 4 million people in the world who were born on Leap Day. [PAR] The rules for determining a leap year [PAR] Most years that can be divided evenly by 4 are leap years. [PAR] Exception: Century years are NOT leap years UNLESS they can be evenly divided by 400. [PAR] When did leap year originate? [PAR] The Gregorian calendar is closely based on the Julian calendar, which was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. The Julian calendar featured a 12-month, 365-day year, with an intercalary day inserted every fourth year at the end of February to make an average year of 365.25 days. But because the length of the solar year is actually 365.242216 days, the Julian year was too long by .0078 days (11 minutes 14 seconds). [PAR] This may not seem like a lot, but over the course of centuries it added up, until in the 16th century, the vernal equinox was falling around March 11 instead of March 21. In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII adjusted the calendar by moving the date ahead by 11 days and by instituting the exception to the rule for leap years. This new rule, whereby a century year is a leap year only if divisible by 400, is the sole feature that distinguishes the Gregorian calendar from the Julian calendar. [PAR] Following the Gregorian reform, the average length of the year was 365.2425 days, an even closer approximation to the solar year. At this rate, it will take more than 3,000 years for the Gregorian calendar to gain one extra day in error. [PAR] For even more information, read: Leap Year 101 [PAR] Did you know?[DOC] [TLE] How often does a leap year occur? | Reference.com How often does a leap year occur? | Reference.com [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Billy Elliot (2000) - IMDb Billy Elliot (2000) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A talented young boy becomes torn between his unexpected love of dance and the disintegration of his family. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 08 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 09 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 30 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Billy Elliot \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 54 wins & 63 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Six unemployed steel workers form a male striptease act. The women cheer them on to go for \"the full monty\" - total nudity. [PAR] Director: Peter Cattaneo [PAR] The daughter of orthodox Sikh rebels against her parents' traditionalism and joins a football team. [PAR] Director: Gurinder Chadha [PAR] A talented young dancer has to learn to fight for his dream despite social and parental disapproval. [PAR] Directors: Stephen Daldry, Brett Sullivan [PAR] Stars: Elliott Hanna, Ollie Jochim, Bradley Perret [PAR] The story of how the novel \"Mrs. Dalloway\" affects three generations of women, all of whom, in one way or another, have had to deal with suicide in their lives. [PAR] Director: Stephen Daldry [PAR] A cynical, immature young man is taught how to act like a grown-up by a little boy. [PAR] Directors: Chris Weitz, Paul Weitz [PAR] Stars: Hugh Grant, Nicholas Hoult, Toni Collette [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] County Durham, during the endless, violent 1984 strike against the Thatcher closure of British coal mines. Widower Jackie Elliot and his firstborn, fellow miner Tony, take a dim view of 11 year-old second son Billy's poor record in boxing class, which worsens when they discover he sneakily transferred to the neighboring, otherwise girls-only-attended ballet class. Only one schoolmate, closet-gay Michael Caffrey, encourages Billy's desire, aroused by the teacher, who judged him talented enough for private lesson, to train and try out for the world-renowned Royal Ballet audition. Only the prospect of a fancy career unimagined in the pauper quarter may twist pa and big brother's opposition to indispensable support. Written by KGF Vissers [PAR] See All (248) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] Inside every one of us is a special talent waiting to come out. The trick is finding it. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 10 November 2000 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] \u00a31,541,109 (UK) (29 September 2000) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Julie Walters admittedly went through the menopause during the production and considered the filming of the dance sequences to be painful. She needed several breaks because she experienced hot flashes. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Jackie is inside the bus leading to the mine, an egg hits his window (at around 1h 14 mins), but when the bus is viewed from outside, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great Fire of 1834 - UK Parliament The Great Fire of 1834 - UK Parliament [PAR] The Great Fire of 1834 [PAR] Churchill and the Commons Chamber [PAR] The Great Fire of 1834 [PAR] In 1834, the Exchequer was faced with the problem of disposing two cart-loads of wooden tally sticks. These were remnants of an obsolete accounting system that had not been used since 1826. When asked to burn them, the Clerk of Works thought that the two underfloor stoves in the basement of the House of Lords would be a safe and proper place to do so. [PAR] Parliament on fire in 1834 [PAR] On 16 October, a couple of workmen arrived in the morning to carry out his instructions. During the afternoon, a party of visitors to the House of Lords, conducted by the deputy housekeeper Mrs Wright, became puzzled by the heat of the floor, and by the smoke seeping through it. But the workmen insisted on finishing their job. The furnaces were put out by 5pm, and Mrs Wright, no longer worried, locked up the premises. [PAR] Fire! [PAR] At 6pm, Mrs Wright heard the terrified wife of a doorkeeper screaming that the House of Lords was on fire. In no time, the flames had spread to the rest of the Palace. It was a great sight for the crowds on the streets (who were kept back by soldiers) and a great opportunity for artists such as J.M.W. Turner who painted several canvases depicting it. [PAR] Both Houses of Parliament were destroyed along with most of the other buildings on the site. Westminster Hall was saved largely due to heroic fire fighting efforts, and a change in the direction of the wind during the night. The only other parts of the Palace to survive were the Jewel Tower, the Undercroft Chapel, the Cloisters and Chapter House of St Stephen's and Westminster Hall. [PAR] With Restoration and Renewal of the Houses of Parliament in the news, Dr Caroline Shenton looks back at the petitions which occurred when the building was originally constructed in the nineteenth century.[DOC] [TLE] The Fire of 1834 | History of Parliament Online The Fire of 1834 | History of Parliament Online [PAR] History of Parliament Online [PAR] Home Explore > Periods > Modern > The Fire Of 1834 [PAR] Modern [PAR] Further Reading [PAR] Caroline Shenton, The Day Parliament Burned Down (2012) [PAR] M. H. Port, The Palace of Westminster Surveyed on the Eve of the Conflagration, 1834, London Topographical Society Publication 171 (2011) [PAR] Katherine Solender, Dreadful Fire! Burning of the Houses of Parliament (1984) [PAR] External Links [PAR] Parliament's Living Heritage Website [PAR] Caroline Shenton, of the Parliamentary Archives at Westminster and author of 'The Day Parliament Burned Down' describes the dramatic events in Westminster on 16 October 1834. [PAR] By the late Georgian period, the buildings of the Palace of Westminster had become an accident waiting to happen. The rambling complex of medieval and early modern apartments making up the Houses of Parliament - which over the centuries architects including Wren , Wyatt and Soane had attempted to improve and expand - was by then largely unfit for purpose. Complaints from MPs about the state of their accommodation had been rumbling on since the 1790s, and reached a peak when they found themselves packed into the hot, airless and cramped Commons chamber during the passage of the Great Reform bill. Unable to agree on a solution for new accommodation, in the end the decision was made for them. The long-overdue catastrophe finally occurred on 16 October"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronnie O'Sullivan - Snooker UK Ronnie O'Sullivan - Snooker UK [PAR] Ronnie O\u2019Sullivan [PAR] Posted June 5, 2013 | Comments are disabled [PAR] Ronald Antonio \u201cRonnie\u201d O\u2019Sullivan (born 5 December 1975) is an English professional snooker player known for his rapid playing style, and is nicknamed \u201cThe Rocket\u201d. He is the reigning World Snooker Champion and has been World Champion on five occasions (2001, 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2013) and, with career earnings of over \u00a37 million is second after Stephen Hendry on snooker\u2019s all-time prize-money list. He has been the world\u2019s no. 1 player on five occasions, and has won a total of 25 ranking titles."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does NATO phonetic alphabet mean? - Definitions.net What does NATO phonetic alphabet mean? [PAR] Definitions for NATO phonetic alphabet [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word NATO phonetic alphabet [PAR] Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] NATO phonetic alphabet(ProperNoun) [PAR] Informal name for a spelling alphabet officially known as the ICAO radiotelephony spelling alphabet. [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] NATO phonetic alphabet [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet, more accurately known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet and also called the ICAO phonetic or ICAO spelling alphabet, as well as the ITU phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used spelling alphabet. Although often called \"phonetic alphabets\", spelling alphabets do not have any association with phonetic transcription systems, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization alphabet assigned code words acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet so that critical combinations of letters and numbers can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of their native language or the presence of transmission static. The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Some of the 26 words have altered pronunciations: Charlie can be either \"char-lee\" or \"shar-lee\", and Uniform is either \"you-nee-form\" or \"oo-nee-form\", neither of which is the English pronunciation of the word. Oscar is pronounced \"oss-cah\" and Victor as \"vik-tah\" without the 'r', even by people who would normally pronounce it. Papa is pronounced \"Pa-PAH\" with the accent on the second syllable instead of the first. The code word Quebec is pronounced as French \"keh-beck\". The ICAO and FAA use the standard number words of English with four altered pronunciations, whereas the ITU and IMO use ten code words for numbers. [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of NATO phonetic alphabet in Chaldean Numerology is: 3 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 ... Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] The infamous story of Benjamin Barker, AKA Sweeney Todd, who sets up a barber shop down in London which is the basis for a sinister partnership with his fellow tenant, Mrs. Lovett. Based on the hit Broadway musical. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 26 Nov 2010 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 20 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 05 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 20 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 23 Sep 2015 [PAR] Title: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 33 wins & 72 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Ichabod Crane is sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigate the decapitations of 3 people with the culprit being the legendary apparition, the Headless Horseman. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] An imprisoned vampire, Barnabas Collins, is set free and returns to his ancestral home, where his dysfunctional descendants are in need of his protection. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A couple of recently deceased ghosts contract the services of a \"bio-exorcist\" in order to remove the obnoxious new owners of their house. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A frustrated son tries to determine the fact from fiction in his dying father's life. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Earth is invaded by Martians with unbeatable weapons and a cruel sense of humor. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Revolves around Frank, an American tourist visiting Italy to mend a broken heart. Elise is an extraordinary woman who deliberately crosses his path. [PAR] Director: Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck [PAR] Stars: Johnny Depp, Angelina Jolie, Paul Bettany [PAR] The Dark Knight of Gotham City begins his war on crime with his first major enemy being the clownishly homicidal Joker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A writer is accused of plagiarism by a strange man, who then starts haunting him for \"justice.\" [PAR] Director: David Koepp [PAR] In Victorian Era London, a troubled clairvoyant police detective investigates the murders by Jack The Ripper. [PAR] Directors: Albert Hughes, Allen Hughes [PAR] Stars: Johnny Depp, Heather Graham, Ian Holm [PAR] A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. [PAR] Director: Neil Jordan [PAR] An ambitious but troubled movie director tries his best to fulfill his dream, despite his lack of support. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In the Victorian London, the barber Benjamin Barker is married to the gorgeous Lucy and they have a lovely child, Johanna. The beauty of Lucy attracts the attention of the corrupt Judge Turpin, who falsely accuses the barber of a crime that he did"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Van Diemen's Land - utas.edu.au Van Diemen's Land [PAR] Van Diemen's Land [PAR] 'Up stream Upper Nile Bridge' by John Glover, 1840 (ALMFA, SLT) [PAR] Tasmania's cultural history was pre-determined for more than a century by its colonial origins and, in particular, by the whole emotive package conjured up by its former name, Van Diemen's Land. In 1642, in the manner of the time, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman had innocently bestowed this name to honour, and perhaps accrue favour from, a powerful figure in his world, Anthony van Diemen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. For English convicts, however, and indeed for free settlers, it resonated with more sinister suggestions. In a colony where transported felons often outnumbered free settlers, where law and order were fragile and relative concepts, and brutality the resort of prisoner and gaoler alike, 'demons' were in plentiful supply, augmented by a lurking fear of those shadows in the bush, the original inhabitants. [PAR] After a false start at Risdon in 1803, Hobart Town was established the following year by Lt-Governor David Collins as Governor King's proposed solution to two perceived problems \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd French expansionism and English felons. Its dual purpose was to deter the French exploratory expeditions from laying claim to any part of New Holland and to act as a supplementary gaol for excess contingents of convicts shipped to New South Wales. The first of these roles was short-lived: the French departed the scene leaving the island characterised not only as a prison but as the place of most severe and soul-destroying punishment. A stanza from 'The Female Transport', an anonymous street ballad of the time, encapsulates the dread associated with the name that was soon to become synonymous with a convict hell. [PAR] Every night when I lay down I wet my straw with tears, [PAR] While wind upon that horrid shore did whistle in our ears, [PAR] Those dreadful beasts upon that land around our cots do roar, [PAR] Most dismal is our doom upon Van Diemen's shore. [PAR] The immediate and acute problem confronting the free settlers and convicts alike was survival. By 1806 the colony was starving. Few ships visited and for eighteen months everyone from Collins down was without bread, vegetables, tea, sugar and alcohol. In these circumstances the longer-term need to clear, till and plant an allocation of land was by-passed in favour of securing the one plentiful food source \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd kangaroos. Even convicts were armed and sent out to hunt, initiating a lawlessness that could only be checked, too late, by the most draconian measures. Shooting kangaroos was simple: the consequences were complex and prolonged. Convicts soon realised that, armed, they could survive very well beyond the settlement and escaped prisoners formed bands of bushrangers, terrorising outlying farms and travellers. The unprecedented slaughter of the kangaroos also had a dramatic effect on the local Aborigines whose traditional hunting grounds had been summarily appropriated. The struggle for land rights had begun. [PAR] The starvation problem was soon solved as, especially in the Midlands, cleared land proved highly productive. Under Lt-Governor Arthur the economy soared. Exports rose from \u00a345,000 to \u00a3540,00 and by 1830 wheat and wool production along with land values were booming. But the first decade of struggle for survival spawned consequences that plagued Van Diemen's Land for half a century and haunted it for a century more. [PAR] Initially the colonists were sustained largely by necessity. Having poured their life savings into emigrating from Britain, few could have afforded to return. Yet once the starvation years were past these mostly working-class immigrants had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Luciano Pavarotti - Biography - IMDb Luciano Pavarotti - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (17) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] The King of the High C's [PAR] Big P [PAR] 5' 10\u00be\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti was the best-selling classical singer and humanitarian known for his most original and popular performances with the 'Three Tenors' and 'Pavarotti & Friends'. [PAR] He was born on October 12, 1935, in Modena, Emilia-Romagna, in Northern Italy. He was the first child and only son of two children in the family of a baker. His father, Fernando Pavarotti, was a gifted amateur tenor, who instilled a love for music and singing in young Luciano. His mother, Adele Venturi, worked at the local cigar factory. Young Pavarotti showed many talents. He first sang with his father in the Corale Rossi, a male choir in Modena, and won the first prize in an international choir competition in Wales, UK. He also played soccer as a goalkeeper for his town's junior team. [PAR] In 1954, at the age of 19, Pavarotti decided to make a career as a professional opera singer. He took serious study with professional tenor Arrio Pola, who discovered that Pavarotti had perfect pitch, and offered to teach him for free. After six years of studies, he had only a few performances in small towns without pay. At that time Pavarotti supported himself working as a part-time school teacher and later an insurance salesman. In 1961 he married his girlfriend, singer Adua Veroni, and the couple had three daughters. [PAR] Pavarotti made his operatic debut on April 29, 1961, as Rodolfo in La Boheme by Giacomo Puccini , at the opera house in Reggio Emilia. In the following years he relied on the professional advise from tenor Giuseppe Di Stefano , who prevented Pavarotti from appearances when his voice was not ready yet. Eventually Pavarotti stepped in for Di Stefano in 1963, at the Royal Opera House in London as 'Rodolfo' in La Boheme by Giacomo Puccini , making his international debut. That same year he met soprano Joan Sutherland and the two began one of the most legendary partnerships in vocal history; Pavarotti made his American debut opposite Sutherland in February of 1965, in Miami Opera. [PAR] Pavarotti was blessed with a voice of a rare range, beauty and clarity, which was best during the 60s, 70s and 80s. In 1966 he became the first opera tenor to hit all nine \"high C's\" with his full voice in the aria 'Quel destin' in 'La Fille du Regiment' (aka.. The Daughter of the Regiment) by Gaetano Donizetti . He repeated this feat in his legendary 1972 Met performance and was nicknamed \"King of the High C's\" in rave reviews. Pavarotti's popularity was arguably bigger than that of any other living tenor in the world. His 1993 live performance in the New York's Central Park was attended by 500,000 fans while millions watched it on television. During the 1990s and 2000s Pavarotti was still showing his ability to deliver his clear ringing tone in the higher register, albeit in fewer performances. [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti was known for his humanitarian work. He was the founder and the host of the 'Pavarotti & Friends' annual charity concerts and related activities in Modena, Italy. There he sang with international stars of all styles to raise funds for several worthy UN causes. Pavarotti sang with Bono and U2 in the 1995 song Miss Sarajevo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Car rental Billund Airport | Europcar Car rental Billund Airport | Europcar [PAR] Denmark [PAR] Car rental in Billund Airport [PAR] Navigating a whole new area on your own schedule was never easier than with a cheap car rental from Billund Airport. As soon as you arrive at Billund Airport, Denmark, you can look forward to exploring straight away. As well as having the freedom to drive to exciting new locations on a whim, you can plan day trips and excursions to nearby attractions that capture your interest. [PAR] With a simple booking system and a great selection of vehicles, Europcar is the perfect choice for your Billund Airport car rental. Book online before you go and discover a range of options; we have hourly, daily, short term, weekly, monthly and long term deals available in this location, and you can talk to us to find out which one will be best suited to your trip. [PAR] Rent a car in Billund Airport and prepare to hit the road for a whole new heap of memories [PAR] Remember to always bring your driver\u2019s license, valid credit card and additional proof of identity (such as a passport if you are renting abroad). [PAR] Why choose Europcar in Billund Airport [PAR] Express pick-up service available [PAR] Easy 3-step online booking: search, select, book [PAR] New, comfortable rental car fleet [PAR] Award-winning car rental company"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble | board game | Britannica.com Scrabble | board game | Britannica.com [PAR] board game [PAR] go [PAR] Scrabble, board-and-tile game in which two to four players compete in forming words with lettered tiles on a 225-square board; words spelled out by letters on the tiles interlock like words in a crossword puzzle . [PAR] Players draw seven tiles from a pool at the start and replenish their supply after each turn. Tiles in the pool and those of other players are kept secret so that a player can see only those tiles on the board and his own. A player may forfeit his turn and exchange any or all of his tiles for those in the pool. There are 100 letter tiles, each imprinted with a point value for different letters, approximately corresponding to the frequency of occurrence of the letter in English words. Words are scored by adding up the point values of their letters, multiplied by any of 61 premium squares that may be covered, such as double letter, triple letter, double word, and triple word. [PAR] Scoring as the game advances is possible both horizontally and vertically, with higher scores registered by forming two or more interlocking words at the same time. At the end of the game, when one player has no tiles or the board is deadlocked, the player who has scored the greatest number of points is the winner. Values of unused letters left to players are totalled and deducted from their scores. [PAR] Originally called Criss Cross, the game, which was based on the crossword puzzle and anagrams, was developed by Alfred M. Butts, an architect, in 1931. It was redesigned, renamed as Scrabble, and marketed by James Brunot in 1948. It was first sold in Great Britain in 1954. [PAR] Scrabble was later produced in many foreign languages, Braille, and magnetic editions and continued to be one of the leading board-and-tile games in the United States . Tournaments have been held in the United States since 1973. [PAR] Similar Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Tokyo (Edo) - Wa-pedia History of Tokyo (Edo) - Wa-pedia [PAR] History of Tokyo [PAR] Tokyo Imperial Palace (formerly Edo Castle). [PAR] Tokyo was initially established in 1457. The city was then known as Edo (\u6c5f\u6238, literally \"bay-entrance\" ). Tokyo is therefore a new city by Eurasian standards, far more recent than most European cities and almost as recent as the first European colonies in the Americas. [PAR] The Tokugawa sh\u014dgunate was established in 1603 with Edo as its seat of government - the de facto capital of Japan, although the Emperor's residence remained in Kyoto, which had been the actual capital until that time. In September of 1868, when the sh\u014dgunate came to an end, Emperor Meiji ordered Edo to be renamed \"Tokyo\" (\u6771\u4eac), meaning \"Eastern Capital.\" The new name was meant to emphasize Tokyo's status as the new capital of Japan, both temporally and spiritually. [PAR] Tokyo has been generally accepted as the sole capital of Japan since 1869, when the Emperor took up permanent residence there. However, the capital was never legally \"transferred\" to Tokyo, leading some to question whether Ky\u014dto may still be the capital, or a co-capital. [PAR] The Great Kanto earthquake struck Tokyo in 1923, killing approximately 70,000 people; a massive reconstruction plan was drawn up, but was too expensive to carry out except in part. Despite this, the city grew until the beginning of World War II. During the war, Tokyo was heavily bombed, much of the city was burned to the ground, and its population in 1945 was only half that of 1940. [PAR] Following the war, Tokyo was under military occupation and governed by the allied forces. General Douglas MacArthur established the occupation headquarters in what is now the Dai-Ichi Seimei building overlooking the Imperial Palace. The American presence in Tokyo made it an important command and logistics center during the Korean War. Tokyo still hosts a number of U.S. military bases, including Yokota Air Base. [PAR] During the 1950s and mid-1960s, Japan experienced what is widely described as the \"economic miracle\", which transformed the nation from wartime devastation to the world's second-largest economy by 1966. During this period, Japanese government policy placed priority on the development of infrastructure and manufacturing industries over social welfare. As a result, Japan came to dominate a range of industries including steel, ship-building, automobiles, semiconductors, and consumer electronics. Tokyo's re-emergence from wartime trauma was complete at the 1964 Summer Olympics, which publicized the city on an international stage and brought global attention to the \"economic miracle\". [PAR] Beginning in the 1970s, Japanese cities experienced a massive wave of expansion as laborers began migrating from rural areas, and Tokyo was one of the most dramatic examples. As it grew steadily into the economic bubble of the late 1980s, Tokyo became one of the most dynamic cities on Earth, with a tremendous range of social and economic activities, myriad restaurants and clubs, a major financial district, tremendous industrial strength, a wealth of shops, and world-class entertainment opportunities. The construction boom of the bubble years was one of the greatest in world history (as judged by the level of building expenditures in relation to the size of the economy), leading Tokyo to have an enormously more modern capital stock of buildings than similar metropolises such as London and New York City. Although the recession following the bursting of the \"bubble economy\" in the early 1990s hurt the city, Tokyo remains the predominant economic center of East Asia, rivaled only by Hong Kong and Singapore. [PAR] On March 20, 1995, Tokyo became the focus of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shoulder dystocia - BabyCentre Shoulder dystocia - BabyCentre [PAR] Shoulder dystocia [PAR] How can I recover after a birth with shoulder dystocia? [PAR] What is shoulder dystocia? [PAR] Shoulder dystocia can happen after your baby's head has been born. If one of her shoulders becomes stuck, and you need extra help for her body to be born, it\u2019s called shoulder dystocia (RCOG 2012, 2013a, Simkin and Ancheta 2011). It is an unusual complication that can happen during the end of the second stage of labour (RCOG 2012, Simkin and Ancheta 2011). It's all to do with how your baby moves down through your pelvis and out into the world. [PAR] Your baby's shoulder may get stuck if: [PAR] Your baby is big (macrosomia) (Allen 2014, RCOG 2012). However, if you\u2019re having a big baby, don\u2019t panic as most big babies don\u2019t get stuck at all. About half of cases of shoulder dystocia happen with babies that are not large (RCOG 2012, Rodis 2015). [PAR] Your baby hasn\u2019t moved into the best position for her shoulders to be born (Simkin and Ancheta 2011). [PAR] The position that you\u2019re in restricts the room in your pelvis (Rodis 2015). Changing position may increase how much room your baby has to move through your pelvis (Reitter et al 2014). [PAR] To understand shoulder dystocia, it helps to know how vaginal birth usually progresses . [PAR] During birth your baby moves from your womb (uterus), down through the cradle of bones that make up your pelvis. At the front of your pelvis is your pubic bone. You can feel your pubic bone just behind the top of your pubic hair. At the back of your pelvis is the sacrum with the tailbone (coccyx) at the bottom. You can feel these bones between your buttocks. [PAR] Normally when you start pushing , your baby is facing away from your pubic bone towards your sacrum. [PAR] Usually, after your baby's head is born, her head and body will turn sideways. This allows her shoulders and body to pass comfortably through your pelvis on the next contraction. With shoulder dystocia, one of her shoulders gets stuck, preventing her body being born (Tower 2011 ). It's usually the front (anterior) shoulder that gets stuck behind your pubic bone, although it is also possible for the back (posterior) shoulder to get stuck on the sacrum. The illustration below shows what happens with an anterior shoulder dystocia: [PAR] If this happens, your baby needs to be born fairly quickly to make sure she continues to get enough oxygen (Allen 2014, RCOG 2012), particularly if there have already been signs of problems with her heart-rate (RCOG 2012). [PAR] While your baby is stuck, the umbilical cord may be squashed, which means less oxygen is reaching her. Meanwhile, her lungs are still compressed, so she can't get oxygen by breathing yet. For this reason, shoulder dystocia is an emergency complication that needs resolving calmly but swiftly. [PAR] This may all sound alarming, but be reassured that your doctor and midwife will be on hand to help your baby out in good time, while avoiding injury to you or your baby. [PAR] What causes shoulder dystocia? [PAR] Shoulder dystocia is unusual. It happens in about one out of every 150 births (Ouzounian et al 2012, RCOG 2012, 2013a). [PAR] It isn\u2019t possible to predict shoulder dystocia (RCOG 2012, Revicky et al 2012, Rodis 2015). We do know that the risk is increased if: [PAR] You experienced shoulder dystocia in a previous labour (Allen 2014, RCOG 2012). [PAR] You\u2019re having a big baby"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lampedusa: the Gate of Europe - OneEurope Lampedusa: the Gate of Europe - OneEurope [PAR] Lampedusa: the Gate of Europe [PAR] The vibrant multicultural artistic scene of the island of Lampedusa - the positive effects of cross-cultural encounter [PAR] 24 Oct 2013 [PAR] | tags: Europe , Italy , integration , Culture , refugees , Lampedusa and illegal immigration [PAR] \"La porta d'Europa\", work of the artist Mimmo Paladino. [PAR] After the last tragic shipwreck of migrants, Europe and the rest of the world discovered the existence of the little [PAR] island [PAR] of Lampedusa . [PAR] Nowadays inhabitants of Lampedusa are called to face a big challenge: to overcome their isolated status and to open up to a likely integration process. Integration is not easy, of course, but it could be a good stimulus for Lampedusa, and lead to excellent cultural results. [PAR] But the question is: is it really possible for a \u201clost rock\u201d in the middle of the sea to become a meeting point for different cultures and art expressions? Can Lampedusa become a inter-socio-cultural hub between the North and South sides of the [PAR] Mediterranean Sea [PAR] ? [PAR] While the majority of Europeans consider the shipwreck on 3rd October just a single tragic episode, for all Lampedusani (the inhabitants of Lampedusa), it was an almost daily tragic event. [PAR] As a matter of facts, shipwrecks began more than ten years ago, when migration fluxes started to flood the southern area of the [PAR] Mediterranean Sea [PAR] , but in all these years nobody has really paid attention to that issue. If Italian politics were too occupied in approving a couple of discriminatory bills against immigrants, the rest of [PAR] Europe [PAR] ignored the situation, following the idea that every country should solve its own problems. [PAR] In this way, inhabitants of Lampedusa and [PAR] Sicily [PAR] have been left to solve the matter of migration by themselves, although migration is not just an Italian issue, since there are important migratory fluxes towards many other European countries. [PAR] In all Europe only Malta risks the same problems in the same way as Lampedusa. In fact, sometimes there are diplomatic incidents between [PAR] Malta [PAR] Malta [PAR] have difficulties in deciding the local competence of receiving migrants. [PAR] There are many different causes that provoke migration fluxes, but the political crisis which afflicts many countries in Africa and in the [PAR] Middle East [PAR] has worsened the situation. [PAR] It is not so easy to find working solutions for migration problems and difficulties, but history taught us that culture and education can be a positive way to make people meet and get to know each other, enriching the culture of the local area, too. [PAR] Inhabitants of Lampedusa don\u2019t want to be regarded as \u201cpitiful\u201d just because of the situation in which they have been involved. But at the same time Lampedusani want to live a normal life, without forgetting those tragedies, but without fishing corpses as well. [PAR] Those sea tragedies sensitized different artists and creative people, who felt the necessity to express themselves and create something for the inhabitants of the island, stimulating people of different cultures to accept and integrate each other. For this reason the little [PAR] island [PAR] of [PAR] Lampedusa [PAR] could take advantage of the mass migration and its positive consequences to become a good example for the rest of [PAR] Europe [PAR] . [PAR] But before continuing with the article, it would be better to give some information about Lampedusa. [PAR] The Italian Island is the largest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mask (1994) - IMDb The Mask (1994) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Bank clerk Stanley Ipkiss is transformed into a manic superhero when he wears a mysterious mask. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Chuck Russell (as Charles Russell) [PAR] Writers: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 14 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 18 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 16 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 30 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Mask \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 6 wins & 18 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A goofy detective specializing in animals goes in search of a missing dolphin mascot of a football team. [PAR] Director: Tom Shadyac [PAR] A fast-track lawyer can't lie for 24 hours due to his son's birthday wish after he turns his son down for the last time. [PAR] Director: Tom Shadyac [PAR] A guy who complains about God too often is given almighty powers to teach him how difficult it is to run the world. [PAR] Director: Tom Shadyac [PAR] The cross-country adventures of two good-hearted but incredibly stupid friends. [PAR] Directors: Peter Farrelly, Bobby Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Jim Carrey, Jeff Daniels, Lauren Holly [PAR] Ace Ventura, Pet Detective, returns from a spiritual quest to investigate the disappearance of a rare white bat, the sacred animal of a tribe in Africa. [PAR] Director: Steve Oedekerk [PAR] A nice-guy cop with dissociative identity disorder must protect a woman on the run from a corrupt ex-boyfriend and his associates. [PAR] Directors: Bobby Farrelly, Peter Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Jim Carrey, Ren\u00e9e Zellweger, Anthony Anderson [PAR] A guy challenges himself to say \"yes\" to everything for an entire year. [PAR] Director: Peyton Reed [PAR] A lonely and disturbed cable guy raised on television just wants a new friend, but his target, a designer, rejects him, with bad consequences. [PAR] Director: Ben Stiller [PAR] Male nurse Greg Focker meets his girlfriend's parents before proposing, but her suspicious father is every date's worst nightmare. [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] When an affluent couple lose all their money following a series of blunders, they turn to a life of crime to make ends meet. [PAR] Director: Dean Parisot [PAR] All hell breaks loose when the Byrnes family meets the Focker family for the first time. [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] A man gets a chance to meet up with his dream girl from high school, even though his date with her back then was a complete disaster. [PAR] Directors: Bobby Farrelly, Peter Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Ben Stiller, Cameron Diaz, Matt Dillon [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Stanley Ipkiss ( Jim Carrey ) is a bank clerk that is an incredibly nice man. Unfortunately, he is too nice for his own good and is a pushover when it comes to confrontations. After one of the worst days of his life, he finds a mask that depicts Loki, the Norse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn The Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 31, 2016. [PAR] Three of the most significant imaginary lines running across the surface of the Earth are the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn. While the equator is the longest line of latitude on the Earth (the line where the Earth is widest in an east-west direction), the tropics are based on the sun's position in relation to the Earth at two points of the year. All three lines of latitude are significant in their relationship between the Earth and the sun. [PAR] The Equator [PAR] The equator is located at zero degrees latitude . The equator runs through Indonesia, Ecuador, northern Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , and Kenya, among other countries . It is 24,901.55 miles (40,075.16 kilometers) long. On the equator, the sun is directly overhead at noon on the two equinoxes - near March and September 21. The equator divides the planet into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. On the equator, the length of day and night are equal every day of the year - day is always twelve hours long and night is always twelve hours long. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Overview of the Four Seasons [PAR] The Tropic of Cancer and The Tropic of Capricorn [PAR] The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn each lie at 23.5 degrees latitude. The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.5\u00b0 North of the equator and runs through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia , India, and southern China. The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5\u00b0 South of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil (Brazil is the only country that passes through both the equator and a tropic), and northern South Africa . [PAR] The tropics are the two lines where the sun is directly overhead at noon on the two solstices - near June and December 21. The sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Cancer on June 21 (the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of winter in the Southern Hemisphere) and the sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Capricorn on December 21 (the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of summer in the Southern Hemisphere). [PAR] The reason for the location of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5\u00b0 north and south respectively is due to the axial tilt of the Earth. The Earth is titled 23.5 degrees from the plane of the Earth's revolution around the sun each year. [PAR] The area bounded by the Tropic of Cancer on the north and Tropic of Capricorn on the south is known as the \"tropics.\" This area does not experience seasons because the sun is always high in the sky. Only higher latitudes, north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn, experience significant seasonal variation in climate. Realize, however, that areas in the tropics can be cold. The peak of Mauna Kea on the big island of Hawaii stands nearly 14,000 feet above sea level, and snow is not unusual. [PAR] If you live north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the sun will never be directly overhead. In the United States, for example, Hawaii is the only location in the country that is south of the Tropic of Cancer, and it is thus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Never Mind the Buzzcocks - TV.com Never Mind the Buzzcocks - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] Never Mind the Buzzcocks [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Unsympathetic to the precious pomposity of the rock and pop industry, 'Buzzcocks' takes a sledgehammer to the delicate egos of the biggest and most famous names in music - often whilst they are guests on the programme. The scathing wit of Mark Lamarr and later Simon Amstell, has literally caused guests to walk off the show. From 2009 to 2013, the show was presented by different guest hosts each week. In July 2014 it was revealed that Rhod Gilbert would become the show's third regular host from the 28th series. This would turn out to be the final series as the BBC announced in May 2015 that the show had been axed. [PAR] In 2013, the BBC aired a series called What a Load of Buzzcocks which is narrated by Blur's Alex James and looks at the best bits of a certain year of music including moments from 'Buzzcocks'.[DOC] [TLE] Never Mind the Buzzcocks - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com Never Mind the Buzzcocks - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] Never Mind the Buzzcocks [PAR] Never Mind the Buzzcocks is a British comedy panel game show with a pop music theme which aired between 1996 and 2015. It first starred Phill Jupitus and Sean Hughes as team captains, with Hughes being replaced by Bill Bailey from the eleventh season, and Bailey replaced by Noel Fielding from season 21 onward. The show was produced by Talkback for the BBC , and was usually aired on BBC Two. The title plays on the names of punk rock band Sex Pistols ' Never Mind the Bollocks album, and the punk band Buzzcocks. The series was first hosted by M ... (\u5c55\u5f00) Mark Lamarr, then by Simon Amstell , and later by a number of guest presenters, with Rhod Gilbert hosting the final series. The show was noted and known for its dry, sarcastic humour and scathing, provocative attacks on other people and objects. It has also had some controversial guests throughout its 18-year run. On 26 May 2015, it was announced that the BBC had decided to cancel the show after 18 years. The BBC decided not to recommission the show to \u201ccreate space for new entertainment formats.\" [PAR] \u5173\u4e8eNever Mind the Buzzcocks\uff0c\u7f51\u53cb\u4eec\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898 [PAR] 1 [PAR] \u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef7Never mind the buzzcocks\u8fd9\u6863\u8282\u76ee [PAR] \u7b54 [PAR] \u6765\u7684\u662fJohn Barrowman\u3001Keli Young\u3001Daniel Bedlingfield\u3001Robin Lince\u56e7\u5b9d\u7684\u4eb2\u543b\u5973\u5b69\u6307\u5bfc\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u51fa\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u5566\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u5df1[\u5929\u751f\u4e3d\u8d28\u96be\u81ea\u5f03]\uff0c\u256e(\u256f\u25bd\u2570)\u256d\uff0c\u8fd8\u79c0\u7f8e\u81c0\u3002Robin\u5176\u5b9e\u72c2\u53ef\u7231\u5566\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6307\u8d23\u56e7\u5b9d\u88c5GAY\u9a97\u5973\u4eba\u3002Simon Armstell\u6307\u8d23\u56e7\u5b9d\u7adf\u7136\u6bd4\u4ed6\u8fd8GAY\u3002\u56e7\u5b9d\u63a5\u6b4c\u8bcd\u90a3\u6bb5\uff0c\u592aYD\u4e86\u3002\u8fdeSi... [PAR] Never Mind the Buzzcocks History [PAR] The show ran from 1996 until 2015. From its inception until December 2005, it was presented by Mark Lamarr (who also produced the show, from 2004 through to his departure). Simon Amstell started hosting in October 2006. Regular team captains include Phill Jupitus, Sean Hughes (until May 2002), Bill Bailey (September 2002 \u2013 February 2008), Noel Fielding (October 2009 \u2013 December 2014), and also the guest captains (October 2008 \u2013 January 2009). Bill Bailey had appeared as a guest in series 4 on Phill Jupitus's team and series 5 on Sean Hughes's team. [PAR] At the end of 2005, it was announced that Mark Lamarr was to take a break from the show after 150 episodes, to concentrate on other projects. The series that aired in early 2006 was hosted by guest presenters, before being permanently handed over to Simon Amstell, who had appeared twice as a panellist (series 13, episode 8 and series 16, episode 11), and once as a guest presenter (series 18, episode 2). The first time Amstell appeared as a panellist under Lamarr's tenure, coincidentally, Lamarr"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Most Extreme Skywatching Objects in Night Sky The Most Extreme Skywatching Objects in Night Sky [PAR] Credit: George Tucker [PAR] Extreme Night Sky Targets [PAR] The night sky is full of uncountable wonders, as any dedicated stargazer knows. Here's a brief rundown of some of the most extreme night sky sights, from the brightest planet to the most distant object detectable with the naked eye. [PAR] FIRST STOP: The Brightest Planet [PAR] 2 of 7 [PAR] Credit: Cory Poole [PAR] The Brightest Planet [PAR] Earth's hellishly hot \"sister planet,\" Venus , takes this title because of its highly reflective clouds and proximity to Earth. It's about six times more luminous than the runners-up, Mars and Jupiter. [PAR] Venus is brighter than pretty much any object in our sky apart from the sun and moon, shining at a maximum apparent magnitude of -5 or so. For comparison, the full moon blazes at magnitude -13, making it roughly 1,600 times brighter than Venus. (In astronomy, lower magnitudes signify brighter objects.) [ Amazing Photos of Venus and the Moon ] [PAR] NEXT: The Largest Star [PAR] Credit: NASA, ESA, and R. Humphreys (University of Minnesota) [PAR] The Largest Star [PAR] The largest known star is probably VY Canis Majoris, a red M-type star that lies about 3,800 light-years from Earth in the constellation Canis Major, The Big Dog. [PAR] Researchers estimate that VY Canis Majoris could be more than 2,100 times the size of the sun. If placed in our solar system, the monster star's surface would thus extend out past the orbit of Saturn. But VY Canis Majoris may not even have a discernible surface, since the star appears to be about 1,000 times less dense than Earth's atmosphere at sea level. [PAR] VY Canis Majoris is the source of considerable controversy, since the estimates of its size fall outside the bounds of current stellar theory. Astronomers think VY Canis Majoris will die in a \"hypernova\" explosion sometime within the next 100,000 years, producing a burst of energy substantially higher than that generated by typical supernovas. [PAR] NEXT: The Brightest Star [PAR] Credit: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI), and M. Barstow (University of Leicester) [PAR] The Brightest Star [PAR] In 1997, astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope identified what may be the most luminous star known \u2014 a celestial mammoth 25,000 light-years away that releases up to 10 million times the energy of the sun and is big enough to fill the diameter of Earth's orbit. [PAR] Researchers have suggested that this powerhouse star \u2014 found in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius \u2014 also created a surrounding cloud of glowing gas that has been dubbed the Pistol Nebula. As such, it's called the \"Pistol Star.\" [PAR] Unfortunately, this amazing star is not visible to skywatchers here on Earth; it's hidden behind the great dust clouds along the Milky Way. The brightest visible star is currently Sirius, the Dog Star, which is found in the constellation Canis Major. Sirius shines with an apparent magnitude of -1.44. [ More on the Pistol Star ] [PAR] NEXT: Most Colorful Star [PAR] Credit: Francesco Malafarina [PAR] The Most Colorful Star [PAR] Many stars are known for their beautiful colors, such as the double star Albireo (blue and orange) and Antares (fiery red). But the most colorful of all stars visible to the naked eye may be the reddish-orange Mu Cephei, which is sometimes known as Erakis. [PAR] The red giant Mu Cephei \u2014 dubbed \"The Garnet Star\" by famed British astronomer William Herschel \u2014 resides in the constellation Cepheus (The King). Mu"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daisy - Keeping Up Appearances Wiki - Wikia Daisy | Keeping Up Appearances Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Keeping Up Appearances Wiki [PAR] The Pageant [PAR] Daisy is a fictional character in the British situation comedy, Keeping Up Appearances, portrayed by actress Judy Cornwell. [PAR] Daisy is the lower-class sister of social-climbing snob Hyacinth Bucket , who lives with her apathetic slob husband, Onslow , promiscuous sister Rose , and her senile father . [PAR] Daisy is full of life and always smiling, despite picking up her husband's bad habits of sleeping until noon and watching television all day. She persists in trying to get her apathetic husband to have sex with her (she recalls their first time was in a bus shelter on Milton Street, though Onslow disagrees - A Barbecue At Violet's ), and tries to share romantic moments with him, however, her efforts always fail (see especially The Boy Friend) as Onslow prefers to drink beer and watch \"racing on the telly.\" As a result, Daisy tends to lose herself in Mills & Boonromance novels. [PAR] Onslow and Daisy have one daughter, Stephanie , who has a daughter named Kylie (whose father is unknown even to Stephanie, who is in a polyamorous relationship), and only appears in the final episode of series one, The Christening . [PAR] Daisy's care-free, dirt-infested way of living is condemned by her elder sister Hyacinth; nevertheless, it is Hyacinth that Daisy always turns to when worried about Onslow, Rose, or her senile father who frequently causes embarrassing problems that Hyacinth has to always solve. Daisy, like Hyacinth, has to help deal with their father's constant shenanigans, such as getting engaged to a succession of different women. Often he sneaks out without anyone noticing, and Daisy must track him down. She pushes frequently reluctant Onslow in dealing with her father. [PAR] It is briefly mentioned in series four, that Daisy is a Liverpool F.C. supporter, and once went with her uncle to the games. Her support for Liverpool F.C. caused a huge problem with Onslow when they first met, because she did not reveal her allegiance until the wedding night. The football club which Onslow supports is unnamed, but since Onslow is a Scouser himself, it is presumably Everton F.C. or Tranmere Rovers. [PAR] According to the book Hyacinth Bucket's Hectic Social Calendar, Daisy's birthday is July 18th.[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Comedy - Keeping Up Appearances BBC - Comedy - Keeping Up Appearances [PAR] Keeping Up Appearances [PAR] Keeping Up Appearances [PAR] British sitcom has always been fascinated by snobs, but few were ever as monstrous as Hyacinth Bucket (who insists it's pronounced \"Bouquet\"), the central character in Roy Clarke's Keeping Up Appearances. [PAR] Played with aplomb by Patricia Routledge, Hyacinth is a character with few, if any, saving graces. Her pompous, self-serving attitude makes life miserable for all around her. [PAR] Long-suffering husband Richard (Clive Swift) gets the brunt of it, with Hyacinth quick to chastise if he steps out of line (\"I don't like you making decisions unilaterally\", she tells him). [PAR] But there are others in the firing line, including nervous neighbour Elizabeth (Josephine Tewson), her brother Emmett (David Griffin) and Michael the Vicar (Jeremy Gittins). [PAR] However, the real ire is reserved for the snob's council estate dwelling sisters: Rose (Shirley Stelfox/Mary Millar) and Daisy (Judy Cornwell). [PAR] While the former irks with her man-eating ways, the latter absolutely appalls thanks to her slobbish lifestyle and indolent, scruffy husband Onslow (Geoffrey Hughes). [PAR] Sofa-bound, unshaven and absolutely unbowed by his harridan of a sister-in-law, he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] City of Bath : the Roman city of aquae sulis. (Book, 1988 ... City of Bath : the Roman city of aquae sulis. (Book, 1988) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] The E-mail message field is required. Please enter the message. [PAR] E-mail Message: [PAR] I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19922033 Title: City of Bath : the Roman city of aquae sulis. Author: Jane Wilton-Smith Publisher: Pitkin, \u00a91988. ISBN/ISSN: 0853724385 9780853724384 OCLC:19922033 [PAR] The ReCaptcha terms you entered were incorrect. Please try to match the 2 words shown in the window, or try the audio version."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fencing Glossary - Dictionary of Fencing Terms Fencing Glossary - Dictionary of Fencing Terms [PAR] Absence of blade: when the blades are not touching; opposite of engagement. [PAR] Advance: a movement forward by step, cross, or balestra. [PAR] Aids: the last three fingers of the sword hand. [PAR] Analysis: reconstruction of the fencing phrase to determine priority of touches. [PAR] Assault: friendly combat between two fencers. [PAR] Attack: the initial offensive action made by extending the sword arm and continuously threatening the valid target of the opponent. [PAR] Attack au Fer: an attack that is prepared by deflecting the opponent's blade, eg. beat, press, froissement. [PAR] Backsword: an archaic, edged, unpointed sword used in prizefighting; also singlestick. [PAR] Balestra: a forward hop or jump, typically followed by an attack such as a lunge or fleche. [PAR] Bayonet: a type of electrical connector for foil and sabre. [PAR] Beat: an attempt to knock the opponent's blade aside or out of line by using one's foible or middle against the opponent's foible. [PAR] Baudry point: a safety collar placed around a live epee point to prevent dangerous penetration. [PAR] Bind: an action in which the opponent's blade is forced into the diagonally opposite line. [PAR] Black Card: used to indicate the most serious offences in a fencing competition. The offending fencer is usually expelled from the event or tournament. [PAR] Bout: an assault at which the score is kept. [PAR] Broadsword: any sword intended for cutting instead of thrusting; sabre. [PAR] Broken Time: a sudden change in the tempo of one fencer's actions, used to fool the opponent into responding at the wrong time. [PAR] Button: the safety tip on the end of practice and sporting swords. [PAR] Change of Engagement: engagement of the opponent's blade in the opposite line. [PAR] Commanding the blade: grabbing the opponent's blade with the off-hand, illegal in sport fencing. [PAR] Compound: also composed; an action executed in two or more movements; an attack or riposte incorporating one or more feints. [PAR] Conversation: the back-and-forth play of the blades in a fencing match, composed of phrases (phrases d'armes) punctuated by gaps of no blade action. [PAR] Counter-attack: an offensive action made against the right-of-way, or in response to the opponent's attack. [PAR] Counter-disengage: a disengage in the opposite direction, to deceive the counter-parry. [PAR] Counter-parry: a parry made in the opposite line to the attack; ie. the defender first comes around to the opposite side of the opponent's blade. [PAR] Counter-riposte: an attack that follows a parry of the opponent's riposte. [PAR] Counter-time: an attack that responds to the opponent's counter-attack, typically a riposte following the parry of the counter-attack. [PAR] Corps-a-corps: lit. \"body-to-body\"; physical contact between the two fencers during a bout, illegal in foil and sabre. [PAR] Coule': also graze, glise', or glissade; an attack or feint that slides along the opponent's blade. [PAR] Coup lance': a launched hit; an attack that starts before a stop in play but lands after. Valid for normal halts, but not valid at end of time. [PAR] Coupe': also cut-over; an attack or deception that passes around the opponent's tip. [PAR] Croise: also semi-bind; an action in which the opponent's blade is forced into the high or low line on the same side. [PAR] Cross: an advance or retreat by crossing one leg over the other; also passe' avant (forward cross), passe' arriere (backwards cross). [PAR] Cut: an attack made with a chopping motion of the blade, normally landing with the edge. [PAR] Deception: avoidance of an attempt to engage the blades; see disengage, coupe' [PAR] Derobement:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner | film by ... The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner | film by Richardson [1962] | Britannica.com [PAR] The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner [PAR] film by Richardson [1962] [PAR] The Wizard of Oz [PAR] The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner, British film drama, released in 1962, that was directed by Tony Richardson and featured the impressive screen debut of Tom Courtenay. [PAR] Courtenay played Colin Smith, a troubled young man sent to a reform school after he robs a bakery. A gifted runner, he is chosen to represent the institution in a key long-distance race against a prestigious school. Much of the story is told in flashback and inner monologue, revealing the thoughts of the young man as he struggles with his identity while incessantly practicing in preparation for the big race. The finale finds him enacting a startling gesture of defiance: he stops near the finish line and lets the other runners pass. [PAR] The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner was based on a short story by Alan Sillitoe , who also wrote the screenplay. It is a notable example of the \u201cAngry Young Men\u201d films that were popular in British cinema after World War II. [PAR] Production notes and credits [PAR] Director and producer: Tony Richardson [PAR] Writer: Alan Sillitoe [PAR] The British film drama The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962) was directed by Tony Richardson. The movie featured the impressive screen debut of Tom Courtenay. [PAR] Article Contributors [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner [PAR] Film by Richardson [1962] [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close[DOC] [TLE] The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner [PAR] Download this guide [PAR] Introduction [PAR] This study guide is meant to support students in England and Wales preparing for GCSE exams in English and English literature. It may also be helpful to the general reader who is interested in the stories of Alan Sillitoe. If the guide is used as preparation for a written exam, then all the activities suggested"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rules of Card Games: Casino - Pagat.com Rules of Card Games: Casino [PAR] Software [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Casino is the only fishing game to have become popular in English speaking countries. Although it is traditionally supposed to have originated in Italy, there is no direct evidence of it having been played there, at least under that name, though many other Italian fishing games are known. Casino first appears in the card game literature at the end of the eighteenth century in London, and shortly afterwards in Germany. In the late nineteenth century it became fashionable in America and a number of new variations were developed. There is a dispute about the correct spelling of the name - the earliest sources use the spelling Casino, but a tradition has grown up among later writers to spell it with a double 's': Cassino. [PAR] The aim in Casino is to capture cards from a layout of face up cards on the table. A card is captured by playing a matching card from hand. It is also possible to capture several cards at once if their values add up to the value of the card played. Captured cards are stored face down in front of the player who captured them and scored at the end of the play. Cards from hand can also be combined with table cards into builds, which can only be captured as a unit. [PAR] This page describes the most usual Anglo-American version of Casino in which picture cards, not having a numerical value, can only capture an equal picture. There are many variants in which picture cards also have numerical values. In English-speaking countries this type of game is known as Royal Casino, and interesting versions of it are popular in various parts of the world. On other pages of this site there are descriptions of: [PAR] Royal Casino and the version played in the Dominican Republic , which features different scoring in the endgame; [PAR] Casino in Southern Africa (Swaziland, Lesotho and South Africa), where cards can be from opponents' capture piles can be reused in builds; [PAR] Casino (Kasino) in Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway and Finland) which is usually played without building; [PAR] Krypkasino , a reverse variant from Sweden in which the aim is to avoid capturing cards. [PAR] Players and Cards [PAR] The game works best with from 2 to 4 players, though in theory more could take part. It has the distinction of being one of the few games which will deal out evenly to two, three, or four players. Four players can play in partnerships, two against two, with partners sitting opposite each other. [PAR] A regular 52 card deck is used. Each numeral card (ace-ten) is counted as its numerical value (ace = 1, two = 2, etc). Picked up cards are accumulated in a pile to be counted at the end of the round. [PAR] The Deal [PAR] The dealer deals four cards to each player and four cards face up in the centre (these centre cards are laid out separately so that all are visible). Traditionally, the deal is in twos: two cards to each other player, two to the table, then two to the dealer, then repeat. However, some players prefer to deal the cards singly. The remainder of the deck is temporarily put aside. After everyone has played their four cards, another hand of four cards is dealt to each player from the remaining cards, but no more cards are dealt to the table after the first deal. After these cards have been played there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lenny the Lion Show (TV Series 1957\u20131961) - IMDb The Lenny the Lion Show (TV Series 1957\u20131961) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:05 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Lenny the Lion Show [PAR] 30min [PAR] a list of 120 titles [PAR] created 06 May 2012 [PAR] Title: The Lenny the Lion Show (1957\u20131961) [PAR] 7.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] (United Kingdom) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] What - doesn't anyone remember Lenny The Lion? Shame on you. [PAR] Well now; Lenny The Lion and his partner Terry Hall were amongst the most popular characters of early British children's television. They appeared around the time that Sooty began to make good, and would seem to have been presented as an alternative. [PAR] In fact, Lenny was much more of a character because - unlike Harry Corbett - Lenny's partner, Terry Hall, was a ventriloquist. And he gave Lenny a very identifiable and quirky voice as well as an interesting and humorous personality. Lenny was a big puppet - an armful - with a hand and a movable face, eyes and lower jaw. In short, there was a great deal more entailed in his act compared to the silent glove-puppet of Sooty and the rabid squeaking of Sweep. [PAR] At his peak, Lenny had his own show with variety guest appearances on prime-time kids' telly, but he doesn't seem to have lasted. Ceertainly he hasn't been anything like as enduring as Sooty & Sweep. And for the life of me I cannot think why? After the show he continued to make many guest appearances before being relegated to the pantomime circuit. [PAR] It wasn't fair, but I guess that's showbiz. Late 50's early 60's saw a lot of ventriloquist acts come and go. Comic impersonators seemed to banish them all by the 1970's. [PAR] But in 1957 Lenny was certainly worth the Lion's share in Puppetry and ventriloquism. What a pity he's just faded into obscurity. [PAR] 1 of 1 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Everything You Need To Know About Ricin, The Poison Mailed ... Science [PAR] Everything You Need To Know About Ricin, The Poison Mailed To President Obama [PAR] Ricin is one of the most poisonous substances on Earth, it's scarily easy to make, and somebody is mailing it to the President and at least one U.S. senator. What it is, how it works, and more, inside. [PAR] By Dan Nosowitz posted Apr 17th, 2013 at 2:30pm [PAR] via Breaking Bad Wiki [PAR] Ricin (on Breaking Bad) [PAR] Yesterday, an envelope addressed to Senator Roger Wicker, Republican of Mississippi, was found to contain a white granular substance that was identified as ricin. Today, a similar letter addressed to President Obama was found. These envelopes were intercepted off-site--they never got anywhere near their targets--but as a precaution, Capitol Police have shut down mail service until they can figure out what's going on. [PAR] In the meantime, let's talk about ricin! [PAR] How poisonous is it? [PAR] Oh, man. Very. It's dangerous in just about any way it gets into your system, though ingesting (eating) it is about the least dangerous way. Injecting or inhaling requires about a thousand times less ricin to kill a human than ingesting, and that's a very small amount indeed. An average adult needs only 1.78mg of ricin injected or inhaled to die; that's about the size of a few grains of table salt--which ricin resembles visually. [PAR] Wikimedia Commons [PAR] The seeds of the castor plant, from which castor oil (and ricin) are extracted. [PAR] How does it work? [PAR] Ricin, a toxic protein, infects cells, blocking their ability to synthesize their own protein. Without cells making protein, key functions in the body shut down; even in survivors, permanent organ damage is often the result of ricin poisoning. It's a highly unpleasant way to be poisoned: within six hours, according to the Center for Disease Control, victims who have ingested ricin will feel gastrointestinal effects like severe vomiting and diarrhea, which can lead to serious dehydration. Then the ricin infects the cells of the vital gastrointestinal organs as they pass through the body, leading to the failure of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas. [PAR] Inhalation of ricin has a different effect, since the ricin proteins aren't interacting with the same parts of the body. Instead of gastrointestinal problems, you'll develop a vicious, bloody cough, your lungs will fill with fluid, and eventually you'll lose your ability to breathe, causing death. Injection, too, is different, depending on where you've been injected, but will generally result in vomiting and flu-like symptoms, swelling around the place of injection, and eventually organ failure as your circulatory system passes the protein around the body. Death from inhalation or injection usually occurs about three to five miserable, agonizing days after contact. [PAR] Interestingly, there aren't any immediate symptoms, and indeed there can be a significant delay before symptoms show themselves, up to a day or two. [PAR] Exposure on the skin is generally not fatal, though it may cause a reaction that can range from irritation to blistering. [PAR] That sounds...horrible. Is there an antidote, at least? [PAR] Haha. No. The US and UK governments have been working on an antidote for decades-- here's a nice article describing the progression of one such antidote--but there isn't one available to the public. The CDC's website states bluntly, \"There is no antidote for ricin toxicity.\" There are some steps you can take if you get to a hospital immediately; for ingestion, a stomach pump can sometimes prevent the ricin from reaching the rest of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Toy Story 2 (1999) - IMDb Toy Story 2 (1999) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] When Woody is stolen by a toy collector, Buzz and his friends vow to rescue him, but Woody finds the idea of immortality in a museum tempting. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] John Lasseter (original story by), Pete Docter (original story by) | 6 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 23 images [PAR] created 24 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 24 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 28 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: Toy Story 2 (1999) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 20 wins & 28 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The toys are mistakenly delivered to a day-care center instead of the attic right before Andy leaves for college, and it's up to Woody to convince the other toys that they weren't abandoned and to return home. [PAR] Director: Lee Unkrich [PAR] A cowboy doll is profoundly threatened and jealous when a new spaceman figure supplants him as top toy in a boy's room. [PAR] Director: John Lasseter [PAR] After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] A family of undercover superheroes, while trying to live the quiet suburban life, are forced into action to save the world. [PAR] Director: Brad Bird [PAR] A rat who can cook makes an unusual alliance with a young kitchen worker at a famous restaurant. [PAR] Directors: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava [PAR] Stars: Brad Garrett, Lou Romano, Patton Oswalt [PAR] Directors: Pete Docter, David Silverman, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Billy Crystal, John Goodman, Mary Gibbs [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] A hot-shot race-car named Lightning McQueen gets waylaid in Radiator Springs, where he finds the true meaning of friendship and family. [PAR] Directors: John Lasseter, Joe Ranft [PAR] Stars: Owen Wilson, Bonnie Hunt, Paul Newman [PAR] Set during the Ice Age, a sabertooth tiger, a sloth, and a wooly mammoth find a lost human infant, and they try to return him to his tribe. [PAR] Directors: Chris Wedge, Carlos Saldanha [PAR] Stars: Denis Leary, John Leguizamo, Ray Romano [PAR] Spoiled by their upbringing and unaware of what wildlife really is, four animals from the New York Central Zoo escape, unwittingly assisted by four absconding penguins, and find themselves in Madagascar. [PAR] Directors: Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath [PAR] Stars: Chris Rock, Ben Stiller, David Schwimmer [PAR] After his son is captured in the Great Barrier Reef and taken to Sydney, a timid clownfish sets out on a journey to bring him home. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Stanton, Lee Unkrich [PAR] Stars: Albert Brooks, Ellen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scoring - Rugby Football History Rugby Football History [PAR] All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In early rugby as played at rugby school, the only scores came from goals and there was no points value associated with scoring. The 1845 rules stated that in order to take a punt at goal (this had to be a 'place kick' not a' drop kick') a \"TRY at goal\" had to be earned by touching the ball down between the posts. The ball was then \"punted\" over the bar and between the posts without touching the dress or person of any player and in the face of onrushing defenders. The 1862 rules provide a detailed description of the complexities regarding touching down and scoring the goal. [PAR] 1871 [PAR] The first RFU laws state that 'A match shall be decided by a majority of goals only'. [PAR] March 1875 a proposal for a points scoring system was rejected, as was a proposal that three tries should equal one goal. [PAR] November 1875 the law was modified to 'A match shall be decided by a majority of goals, but if the number of goals is equal or no goals be kicked, by a majority of tries'. [PAR] 1876 [PAR] Cheltenham College adopted RFU rules but still continued to use their own points based scoring system (they referred to points as rouges). [PAR] 1877 [PAR] 'When a goal is kicked from a try, only the goal is scored'. [PAR] 1881 & 1882 [PAR] Proposals were made for the RFU to introduce a points based scoring system: [PAR] 1881 (rejected):-\"A match shall be decided by majority of points, which are calculated as follows - a touchdown, a touch in goal and a dead-ball all equal in value and each count one point; a try counts 4 points, and a goal kicked from a try 12 points or equal to three tries, and a goal dropped or kicked from the field of play 8 points or two tries. When a goal is kicked from a try the goal only is scored.\" [PAR] 1882 (rejected):- [PAR] \"A match shall be decided by points as under: - A goal direct from a place kick from a try shall count 8 pts; A goal dropped from the field of play, 6 pts; A goal from a flying kick 4 points; a try 4 points; a touchdown, a dead ball, or a touch in goal, 1 point each. The team obtaining a majority of four more points to be declared the winner. Any less majority than 4 points to count as a drawn game.\" [PAR] Prior to 1886 various clubs assigned their own points system. The practice of Touching down the ball behind your own goal line was awarded a Point, sometimes referred to as the \"Minor Point\" or \"Rouge\". This should not be confused with the Cheltenham scoring system which referred to points in general as rouges. [PAR] Many football annuals of this vintage will show scores consisting of Goals, Tries and Minor points (rouges). Although there was no generally accepted scoring system which contained the minor point (rouge) some unions did adopt it. [PAR] But in 1886 a pattern favoured at Cheltenham School was adopted by the RFU, whereby points were scored for a try, a conversion goal and a dropped goal. [PAR] 1886 (accepted):-\"A match shall be decided by a majority of points, a goal shall equal three points, and a try one point. If the number of points be equal, or no goal kicked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frankenstein: What's in a Name? - IIS Windows Server Frankenstein [PAR] Frankenstein: What's in a Name? [PAR] The full title of Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley's novel is Frankenstein, or, the Modern Prometheus. [PAR] What influenced her to use \"Frankenstein\" as the name for her protagonist? [PAR] And why should she give it a subtitle referring to an ancient Greek god? [PAR] Given the importance of electricity as an animnating force in the novel, most readers, particularly her immediate audience of the early 1800s, would connect the name Frankenstein with Ben Franklin. All Europe was familiar with Ben Franklin's recent experiments with electricity and Mary included a direct reference to him in the first edition of the novel. [PAR] But she didn't just make up a German name that sounded like the anglican Franklin. Frankenstein is the name of an old aristocratic German family whose ruined castle she passed on her way home from Europe in 1814 . The name--literally, the stone of the Franks--derives from the fact that this Frankish family (the Franks were a Germanic people who settled in Western Europe during the decline of the Roman Empire) built their castle near a quarry . [PAR] Mary's novel radiates meanings on several levels, and ideas associated with the name Frankenstein resonate throughout the novel in many ways. [PAR] While the novel may be a critique and a parody of Romanticism on one hand, it also very much embodies Romantic values--particularly that of the Romantic hero. She surely would be struck by the Romantic heroes in the history of the Frankenstiens . [PAR] Clearly, the novel is concerned with the search for secret knowledge and the creation of life, and the historical Frankensteins also had a connection with these issues. Fortuitously, the philosopher's stone --a term associated with alchemy and Paracelsus --is also suggested by Frankenstein-- \"FranksStone.\" Significantly, Mary has her protagonist study the works of Paracelsus as a youth. [PAR] Also, the Frankenstein Castle ruins no doubt served as a magnet to travelers of romantic temperaments and interest in legends. The site and its history had an inspirational effect on Johann Goethe and his Faust . In Goethe's epic, the hero sells his soul to the devil in seeking the secret of life; the work and creates an artificial man in his laboratory. Mary Shelley was very familiar with Goethe's work. [PAR] But what of the subtitle--the modern Prometheus? [PAR] Mary knew the Prometheus myth as a fusion of two earlier versions--Prometheus plasticator (creator) and Prometheus pyrphoros (fire-bringer). In this modern version, the fire stolen by Prometheus became the fire of life with which he animated his man of clay. [PAR] When Mary Shelley subtitled her novel \"The Modern Prometheus,\" she forcefully directed our attention to the book\u0092s critique both of the promethean poets she knew best, Byron and Percy Shelley , and of the entire Romantic ideology as she understood it. Victor Frankenstein\u0092s failure to mother his child has both political and aesthetic ramifications . The father who neglects his children can be seen as the archetype of the irresponsible political leader who puts his own interests ahead of those of his fellow citizens. Victor Frankenstein\u0092s quest is nothing less than the conquest of death itself. By acquiring the ability to \"bestow animation upon lifeless matter\" and thus \"renew life where death had apparently devoted the body to corruption\" (49), Frankenstein in effect hopes to become God, the creator of life and the gratefully worshipped father of a new race of immortal beings. [PAR] In contrast to this unchecked prometheanism, Mary Shelley realized that means become"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's Stylish German Husband Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's Stylish German Husband [PAR] By Robert McNamara [PAR] Prince Albert was a member of German royalty who married Britain's Queen Victoria and helped to spark an era of technological innovation as well as personal style. [PAR] Albert, who had been born as a prince in Germany, was initially seen by the British as an interloper in British society. But his intelligence, interest in new inventions, and capability in diplomatic affairs made him a respected figure in Britain. [PAR] Albert, who would eventually hold the title Prince Consort, became known for his interest in helping society improve in the mid-1800s. He was the great champion of one of the world's great technology events, the Great Exhibition of 1851 , which introduced many inventions to the public. [PAR] He died, tragically, in 1861, leaving Victoria a widow whose trademark attire would become the black of mourning. Just prior to his death he served an important role by helping to dissuade the British government from a military conflict with the United States. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Queen Victoria [PAR] Early Life of Prince Albert [PAR] Albert was born on August 26, 1819 in Rosenau, Germany. He was the second son of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and was greatly influenced by his uncle Leopold, who became the king of Belgium in 1831. [PAR] As a teenager Albert traveled to Britain and met the Princess Victoria, who was his cousin and nearly the same age as Albert. They were friendly but Victoria was not overly impressed with the young Albert, who was shy and awkward. [PAR] The British were interested in finding a suitable husband for the young princess who was to ascend to the throne. British political tradition decreed that a monarch could not marry a commoner, so a British suitor was out of the question. Victoria's future husband would have to come from European royalty. [PAR] Albert's relatives on the continent, including King Leopold of Belgium, essentially steered the young man toward being Victoria's husband. In 1839, two years after Victoria became Queen, Albert returned to England and proposed marriage. The Queen accepted. [PAR] Marriage of Albert and Victoria [PAR] Queen Victoria married Albert on February 10, 1840 at St. James Palace in London. At first the British public and the aristocracy thought little of Albert. While he was born of European royalty, his family was not wealthy or powerful. And he was often portrayed as someone marrying for prestige or money. [PAR] Albert was actually quite intelligent and was devoted to helping his wife serve as monarch. And over time he became an indispensable aid to the queen, advising her on political and diplomatic affairs. [PAR] Victoria and Albert had nine children, and by all accounts their marriage was very happy. They loved being together, sometimes sketching or listening to music. The royal family was portrayed as the ideal family, and setting an example for the British public was considered a major part of their role. [PAR] Albert also contributed to a tradition familiar to us today. His German family would bring trees into the house at Christmas, and he brought that tradition to Britain. The Christmas tree at Windsor Castle created a fashion in Britain which was carried over to America. [PAR] Career of Prince Albert [PAR] In the early years of the marriage, Albert was frustrated that Victoria did not assign him tasks which he felt were up to his abilities. He wrote to a friend that he was \"only the husband,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Purbeck - definition - What is - english.my-definitions.com Purbeck - definition - What is ? [PAR] What is ? [PAR] definition : Purbeck [PAR] Purbeck may refer to: [PAR] * Isle of Purbeck, a peninsula in the English county of Dorset * Purbeck District, a local government district in the English county of Dorset * Purbeck Hills, a range of hills in the English county of Dorset * Purbeck stone ** Purbeck Marble, a stone found on the Isle of Purbeck * Purbeck Ball Clay, a ball clay found on the Isle of Purbeck * Purbeck Group, a sequence of rock strata[DOC] [TLE] Purbeck - Free definitions by Babylon Purbeck - Free definitions by Babylon [PAR] Purbeck [PAR] Isle of Purbeck , a peninsula in the English county of Dorset [PAR] Purbeck District , a local government district in the English county of Dorset [PAR] Purbeck Hills , a range of hills in the English county of Dorset [PAR] Purbeck Marble , a stone found on the Isle of Purbeck [PAR] Purbeck Ball Clay , a ball clay found on the Isle of Purbeck [PAR] Purbeck Group , a sequence of rock strata [PAR] Video results for the word \"Purbeck\" [PAR] The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word \"Purbeck\", to help you become a better English speaker. [PAR] Download this dictionary [PAR] Purbeck [PAR] Purbeck ist ein District in der Grafschaft Dorset in England , der nach der Halbinsel Isle of Purbeck benannt ist. Verwaltungssitz ist Wareham . [PAR] Download this dictionary [PAR] Purbeck (distrito) [PAR] Purbeck es un distrito de gobierno local ubicado en Dorset ( Inglaterra ). Debe su nombre a la Isla de Purbeck , que en realidad es una pen\u00ednsula que ocupa una gran porci\u00f3n del distrito. Sin embargo, el distrito actual se extiende considerablemente hacia el norte y hacia el oeste de los l\u00edmites tradicionales de la Isla de Purbeck demarcados por el r\u00edo Frome . El Consejo del distrito tiene su sede en el pueblo de Wareham , que se encuentra al norte del r\u00edo."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ExchangeRate.com - Currency Information Spanish Peseta ExchangeRate.com - Currency Information Spanish Peseta [PAR] The name is believed to have been derived from the Catalan word pesseta, \"small weight\". [PAR] History [PAR] The peseta was introduced in 1869 after Spain joined the Latin Monetary Union in 1868. The Spanish Law of June 26, 1864 decreed that in preparation for joining the Latin Monetary Union (set up in 1865), the peseta became a subdivision of the peso with 1 peso duro = 5 pesetas. The peseta replaced the escudo at a rate of 5 pesetas = 1 peso duro = 2 escudos. [PAR] The peseta was equal to 4.5 grams of silver, or 0.290322 gram of gold, the standard used by all the currencies of the Latin Monetary Union. From 1873, only the gold standard applied. [PAR] The political turbulence of the early twentieth century caused the monetary union to break up, although it was not until 1927 that it officially ended. [PAR] In 1959, Spain became part of the Bretton Woods System, pegging the peseta at a value of 60 pesetas = 1 U.S. dollar. In 1967, the peseta followed the devaluation of the British pound, maintaining the exchange rate of 168 pesetas = 1 pound and establishing a new rate of 70 pesetas = 1 U.S. dollar. [PAR] The peseta was replaced by the euro in 2002, following the establishment of the euro in 1999. The exchange rate was 1 euro = 166.386 pesetas. [PAR] Coins [PAR] In 1869 and 1870, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 & 50 centimos, 1, 2 and 5 pesetas. The lowest 4 denominations were struck in copper (replaced by bronze from 1877), with the 50 centimos, 1 & 2 pesetas struck in .835 silver & the 5 pesetas struck in .900 silver. Gold 25 pesetas coins were introduced in 1876, followed by 20 pesetas in 1878. In 1889, 20 pesetas coins were introduced, with production of the 25 pesetas ceasing. In 1897, a single issue of gold 100 pesetas was made. Production of gold coins ceased in 1904, followed by that of silver coins in 1910. The last bronze coins were issued in 1912. [PAR] Coin production resumed in 1925 with the introduction of cupro-nickel 25 centimos. In 1926, a final issue of silver 50 centimos was made, followed by the introduction of a holed version of the 25 centimos in 1927. [PAR] In 1934, the Second Spanish Republic issued coins for 25 and 50 centimos and 1 peseta. The 25 centimos and silver 1 peseta were the same size and composition as the earlier Royal issues, whilst the 50 centimos was struck in copper. In 1937, an iron 5 centimos coins was introduced along with a brass 1 peseta. The last Republican issue was a holed, copper 25 centimos in 1938. [PAR] During the Civil War, a number of local coinages were issued by both Republican and Nationalist forces. In 1936, the following pieces were issued by the Nationalists: [PAR] The Nationalists issued their first national coins in 1937. These were holed, cupro-nickel 25 centimos minted in Vienna. Following the end of the Civil War, the Nationalist government introduced aluminium 5 and 10 centimos in 1940, followed by aluminium-bronze 1 peseta coins in 1944. [PAR] In 1947, the first 1 peseta coins bearing the portrait of Francisco Franco were issued. Nickel 5 pesetas followed in 1949. In 1949, holed cupro-nickel 50 centimos were introduced, followed by aluminium-bronze 2\u00c2\u00bd pesetas in 1954, cupro-nickel 25 & 50 pesetas in 1958 & smaller aluminium 10 centimos in 1959. Silver 100"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Moves Like Jagger - Maroon 5 Wiki - Wikia Moves Like Jagger | Maroon 5 Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \" Out of Goodbyes \" [PAR] \"Moves Like Jagger\" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring recording artist Christina Aguilera , released by A&M Octone Records on June 21, 2011, as the fourth and final single from the re-release of the group's third studio album Hands All Over (2010). The song was written by Adam Levine , Ammar Malik, Benjamin Levin, and Shellback; the latter two are also the producers. \"Moves Like Jagger\" is a dance-pop and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums. The lyrics refer to a male's ability to impress a female with his dance moves, which he compares to Mick Jagger, frontman of The Rolling Stones. [PAR] \"Moves Like Jagger\" was well received by music critics, who praised the song's chorus. Praise also went to the vocals of Levine and Aguilera, with critics pointing out solid chemistry between the two. Likewise, the song was a commercial success, going on to top the charts in over 18 countries. In the United States, \"Moves Like Jagger\" became the band's second (after 2007's \" Makes Me Wonder \") and Aguilera's fifth number-one single and is among the best-selling singles of all time. The song also made Aguilera the second female artist to score a number one hit in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s (the first being Britney Spears), which in turn made her the fourth female to score number-one singles in three different decades, after Janet Jackson, Madonna and Spears. Worldwide, it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 7 million copies. As of 2014, the song ranks as one of the six best-selling digital singles of all time with sales of over 15 million copies. [PAR] The music video was directed by Jonas \u00c5kerlund. The video features an old video footage of Jagger and his iconic dance moves. \"Moves Like Jagger\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 54th Grammy Awards but lost to \"Body and Soul\" by Tony Bennett and Amy Winehouse. The song was first performed in June 2011 on an episode of The Voice (where Levine and Aguilera both served as judges/coaches)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rational Rant: Fools and Criticism Rational Rant: Fools and Criticism [PAR] A web space devoted to mindscum, with an unflinching look at hard reality as it crushes us all under its wheels [PAR] 12 July 2011 [PAR] Fools and Criticism [PAR] Wikiquote \u2014one of the Wikimedia side-projects dwarfed by its famous sister Wikipedia\u2014has a policy that all quotation-collections ought to employ: sources must be given for all quotations used. Further, quotations are divided up into categories\u2014quotations with sources, attributed quotations, and misattributions, typically. There are also often sections devoted to such things as famous observations about the subject of the page\u2014for example. Alleged quotations without sources are placed on the discussion page, and Wikiquote editors (as time permits) gradually run them down. [PAR] I track certain pages and periodically check to see if anything new has come up there. Recently some anonymous editor produced an (alleged) Benjamin Franklin quotation I wasn\u2019t aware of: [PAR] Any fool can criticize, condemn, and complain\u2014and most fools do. [PAR] Several of the big quotation sites have this one, but, as correctly noted by the Wikiquote editor, it\u2019s not by Franklin. It\u2019s from Dale Carnegie\u2019s famous book, How to Win Friends and Influence People. The passage there reads : [PAR] Bitter criticism caused the sensitive Thomas Hardy, one of the finest novelists ever to enrich English literature, to give up forever the writing of fiction. Criticism drove Thomas Chatterton, the English poet, to suicide. [PAR] Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so adroit at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France. The secret of his success? \u201cI will speak ill of no man,\u201d he said, \u201c\u2026and speak all the good I know of everybody.\u201d [PAR] Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain\u2014and most fools do. [PAR] But it takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving. [PAR] So this\u2014it appears\u2014is another one where somebody has attributed an author\u2019s words to a person he\u2019d quoted just before it. The Wikiquote editor suggests that this may be due to a misprint in some edition of Carnegie\u2019s work, and that\u2019s always possible, but this sort of thing happens often enough without any misprint to aid the process that I at least see no need to postulate it. [PAR] So, this much is now clear\u2014Dale Carnegie was quoting Ben Franklin, somebody mistakenly thought his words were Franklin\u2019s, and the misquotation was born. But is that really the case? Was Carnegie quoting Franklin? Did Franklin actually say \u201cI will speak ill of no man \u2026 and speak all the good I know of everybody\u201d? That\u2019s not so clear. Turning to good old Google Books (and how that massive index has speeded up this sort of work at least tenfold) we find the oldest source for it is a book from 1901, Little Journeys to the Homes of American Statesmen, where it appears as an introductory quotation to an account of Franklin\u2019s life: [PAR] I will speak ill of no man, not even in matter of truth; but rather excuse the faults I hear charged upon others, and upon proper occasion speak all the good I know of everybody. [PAR] The author, Elbert Hubbard, attributes it to \u201cFranklin\u2019s journal\u201d, which is not very helpful. It is almost certainly, however, not from Franklin\u2019s journal, exactly, but rather from a lost paper quoted in an 1815 source, a \u201cLife of Benjamin Franklin\u201d by Robert Walsh, printed in Delaplaine\u2019s Repository of the Lives and Portraits of Distinguished Americans, volume 2, pp. 51-52. It\u2019s part of a self-improvement plan Franklin drew up as a young man"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Jasmine Tea | Harney.com Black Jasmine Tea | Harney.com | Harney & Sons Fine Teas [PAR] Quantity [PAR] $ 30.00 [PAR] Back by popular demand, Jasmine Black, our black tea version of a favorite floral tea. Originally Jasmine teas were from green or slightly oxidized (pouchong) leaves. However, we were able to source a limited amount made of this black tea version from Fujian Province in China. It is difficult to find more, so get it while you can! [PAR] Click to view Mike's Tea Ratings [PAR] Briskness[DOC] [TLE] About Tea Types: Oolong, Green, White, Puerh, Black - Tea Spot About Tea Types: Oolong, Green, White, Puerh, Black | TEA SPOT [PAR] Read More> [PAR] Green [PAR] Green tea leaves plucked in the morning are ready to be brewed in a pot the same night. The bypass of oxidation allows green tea to retain most of its natural dark green color, tannins, vitamin C, chlorophyll and minerals. The taste of green tea is therefore more astringent and subtler than oolong or black tea. [PAR] The lack of oxidation is also responsible for the very low caffeine content of green tea (only 1%). Its caffeine effect produces a nearly steady, mild high with no big peaks or plunges. Green tea is therefore the perfect meditative aid: it acts as a mild stimulant, without causing insomnia or nervousness. It refreshes and quiets. [PAR] The names of Chinese green teas denote leaf styles and often make reference to the region where the tea is from. The names of Japanese green teas generally end in \"cha\" (meaning tea). [PAR] Preparation of green teas requires pure water at 175\u00b0 F. (Boil, then cool 3 mins) [PAR] Chinese green teas contain about 30\u201335 milligrams of caffeine per 8 oz cup, and Japanese green teas contain 25\u201330 milligrams of caffeine per 8 oz cup. [PAR] Process: The leaves are heated immediately after plucking. The heat prevents the leaves from withering or oxidizing. The dry leaf retains its green color. [PAR] Origins: Traditionally from China and Japan. Chinese green teas include such classics as Lung Ching and Gunpowder, as well as Pi Lo Chun (Green Spring Spiral) and Yunwu (Cloud-and-Mist). Japan produces only green teas, including Gyokuro, Sencha, Bancha, Hojicha (roasted), Genmaicha (tea with roasted corn and rice), Kukicha (roasted twigs) and Matcha (powdered tea that must be whisked.) Green teas can also be flavored and scented. Jasmine is the most popular scented green tea. Other green tea producing countries now exporting include Thailand, Korea and Vietnam. View our selection of Green Teas . [PAR] Read More> [PAR] Oolong [PAR] Oolong teas are semi\u2013oxidized, which places them mid\u2013way between green and black teas. This gives them the body and complexity of a black tea, with the brightness and freshness of a green tea. [PAR] The caffeine content and antioxidant level is also mid\u2013way between that of green and black teas, making them most healthy and palatable. A very favorite and desired tea amongst connoisseurs, all oolongs hail from either China or Taiwan. [PAR] Preparation of oolong teas requires pure water at 195\u00b0 F. (Boil, then cool 2 mins) [PAR] They may be infused multiple (3\u20137) times, each steep lasting 1\u20133 minutes. The caffeine content of oolong teas decreases dramatically from the first to the third brew, yielding about 30\u201350 mg in first the cup, 15\u201325 mg in the second, and 5\u201310 mg in the third. [PAR] Process: The leaves are withered and then rolled, often by hand. The leaves are allowed to partially oxidize and then are fired in pan or basket to arrest the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The nine provinces of South Africa The nine provinces of South Africa [PAR] The nine provinces of South Africa [PAR] The nine provinces of South Africa [PAR] 30 Dec 2016 [PAR] South Africa has nine provinces, each with its own legislature, premier and executive council \u2013 and distinctive landscape, population, economy and climate. [PAR] The nine provinces are: [PAR] North West [PAR] The Western Cape [PAR] Before 1994, South Africa had four provinces: the Transvaal and Orange Free State, previously Boer republics, and Natal and the Cape, once British colonies. [PAR] Scattered about were also the grand apartheid \u201chomelands\u201d, spurious states to which black South Africans were forced to have citizenship. [PAR] Under South Africa\u2019s new democratic constitution, South Africa was broken up into nine provinces. [PAR] Land area [PAR] There are vast differences in the size of the provinces, from tiny and crowded Gauteng to the vast, arid and empty Northern Cape. Mpumalanga is the second- smallest province after Gauteng, with the rest all taking between 8% and 14% of South Africa\u2019s total land area. [PAR] Eastern Cape \u2013 168 966km2 [PAR] See South Africa\u2019s geography [PAR] Population [PAR] The number of people living in the provinces also varies considerably. Gauteng, the smallest province, has the most people living there \u2013 nearly a quarter of South Africa\u2019s population. The Northern Cape, which takes up nearly a third of the country\u2019s land area, has the smallest population: only 2% of the national total. [PAR] Eastern Cape: 6.56-million [PAR] See South Africa\u2019s population [PAR] Languages [PAR] Although English is the lingua franca of South Africa, there\u2019s considerable variation in home languages between the provinces. [PAR] IsiXhosa, for instance, is spoken by almost 80% of people in the Eastern Cape, while around 78% of those in KwaZulu-Natal speak isiZulu. IsiZulu is also the most common home language in Gauteng, but at a much smaller percentage. In the Western Cape and Northern Cape, Afrikaans comes into its own. [PAR] Predominant languages by province: [PAR] Eastern Cape: isiXhosa (78.8%), Afrikaans (10.6%) [PAR] Free State: Sesotho (64.2%), Afrikaans (12.7%) [PAR] Gauteng: isiZulu (19.8%), English (13.3%), Afrikaans (12.4%), Sesotho (11.6%) [PAR] KwaZulu-Natal:: isiZulu (77.8%), English (13.2%) [PAR] Limpopo: Sesotho (52.9%), Xitsonga (17%), Tshivenda (16.7%) [PAR] Mpumalanga: siSwati (27.7%), isiZulu (24.1%), Xitsonga (10.4%), isiNdebele (10.1%) [PAR] Northern Cape: Afrikaans (53.8%), Setswana (33.1%) [PAR] North West: Setswana (63.4%), Afrikaans (9%) [PAR] Western Cape: Afrikaans (49.7%), isiXhosa (24.7%), English (20.3%) [PAR] See The languages of South Africa [PAR] Government [PAR] Each province has its own provincial government, with legislative power vested in a provincial legislature and executive power vested in a provincial premier and exercised together with the other members of a provincial executive council. [PAR] The provincial legislature has between 30 and 80 members elected for a five- year term based on the province\u2019s portion of the national voters\u2019 roll. The legislature is empowered to pass legislation within its functional areas. [PAR] The premier is elected by the legislature and, as with the President at national level, is limited to two five-year terms in office. The premier appoints the other members of the executive council (MECs), which functions as a cabinet at provincial level. The members of the executive council are accountable individually and collectively to the legislature. [PAR] See Provincial government [PAR] Economy [PAR] Population density correlates with the provinces\u2019 slice of South Africa\u2019s economy, with Gauteng having the biggest. The tiny province punches way above its weight, contributing 33.8% to the national gross domestic product in 2013 and around 7% to the GDP of Africa as a whole. Next is KwaZulu-Natal with 16%, followed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn About All The Different Types Of Sharks Here - Shark ... Learn About All The Different Types Of Sharks Here - Shark Sider [PAR] my favorite is the mako [PAR] lucas [PAR] reef shark!!!!!!:):):):):):):):)::):):):):):))):))):)):):):):: [PAR] Denise Dalecki [PAR] the goblin shark is just ugly and when i just first saw it I through my laptop away and it broke same with a different shark the spiral saw shark I was so furious [PAR] Denise Dalecki [PAR] it was quiet funny a little though [PAR] Denise Dalecki [PAR] LOL [PAR] Denise Dalecki [PAR] But my favorite shark was the Megalodon but there\u2019s a shark not there and it is the Dunkleostues shark which is exctinc [PAR] Rokas Kilikevicius [PAR] Dunkleosteus was not a shark but a primitive fish. Besides this article only listed Megalodon to keep the interest going, this article would be many times longer if ALL of the prehistoric sharks we have discovered so far were listed. [PAR] Austin [PAR] I like the great whale shark! \ud83d\ude42 [PAR] brandon [PAR] cjxjfjxlf [PAR] I need to find out a name of a shark that starts with M but it is HArmless unless scared because i watched a video on facebook and i have forgotten the name it mightn\u2019t begin with M but i am pretty sure it does any suggestions welcome \ud83d\ude42 (sorry if a dumb question ahaha) [PAR] Tristan [PAR] Well I can name 30 sharks [PAR] Isaac Webster [PAR] Bull sharks are the best, most attacks since this shark can live in fresh water and goes down streems [PAR] Cameron Pennine [PAR] I like them all sharks ar important to reefs they keep the fish pop staple to munch fish in one ecosystem is bad for the sea plants plakton and ect [PAR] Cameron Pennine [PAR] Great white,basking,mako,hammerhead,goblin,magamough,treasher,reef shark,sand tiger,bull shark,whale shark,port jasson shark,great hammerhead,mahadlon,shortfin mako,longfin mako,nurse shark,blacktop reef shark,drafw shark,Greenland shark,carpet shark, the elusive tiger shark,smoothhead hammerhead [PAR] magladone lover [PAR] No my personal favorite is the whale shark but first the magladone the whale shark [PAR] karrilyn [PAR] My favorite shark is the megalodon.. its awesome [PAR] Aubrey Samonte [PAR] I want a sand shark\u2026\u2026 [PAR] connor [PAR] my favourite shark is Megalodon [PAR] erol [PAR] Mako sharks are the best [PAR] Scott \u2013 Owner [PAR] I have come face to face with 15 kinds of sharks [PAR] Scott \u2013 Owner [PAR] Yeah can you imagine being in the water with such a big creature ? that would be amazing wahooa.com [PAR] Robert Enders [PAR] Name them. [PAR] Scott \u2013 Owner [PAR] You\u2019ve got me there, I might know like 6 of them, White Tip, Nurse, Bull, Black Tip, Reef, Lemon, here in the Florida Atlantic Coast, I have Scuba and snorkeled with many more that I would never know the type. But yeah thanks for asking have you seen one of these beautiful creatures in the ocean ? [PAR] Scott \u2013 Owner [PAR] My favorite too, but I haven\u2019t had a chance to see them in the wild yet. [PAR] Scott \u2013 Owner"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Africa Cup of Nations | Football | The Guardian Africa Cup of Nations | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Africa Cup of Nations [PAR] An A\u00efssa Mandi own goal and a Na\u00efm Sliti penalty gave Tunisia a deserved victory in this North African derby, leaving Algeria on the verge of an early exit from the tournament [PAR] Published: 1:01 PM [PAR] Cameroon fought back in the second half to beat Guinea-Bissau 2-1 and take command of Africa Cup of Nations Group A [PAR] Published: 4:44 PM [PAR] Andr\u00e9 Ayew scored a penalty as Ghana beat Uganda 1-0 before Mali and Egypt played out a dour 0-0 draw in the other game in Africa Cup of Nations Group D [PAR] Published: 4:47 PM [PAR] Liverpool\u2019s Sadio Man\u00e9 scored an early penalty before Kara Mbodji doubled the lead with a header as Senegal defeated Tunisia 2-0 in the Africa Cup of Nations [PAR] Published: 6:19 PM [PAR] J\u00fcrgen Klopp has said he wants Fifa to make a decision over Jo\u00ebl Matip as Liverpool continue to be frustrated over Cameroon\u2019s stance [PAR] Published: 5:12 PM [PAR] A Sadio Man\u00e9 penalty and a bullet header from Kara Mbodji ensured Senegal got off to winning start in Group B with victory over a wasteful Tunisia [PAR] Published: 3:57 PM [PAR] Riyad Mahrez scored twice, one a late equaliser, as Algeria were held to a 2-2 draw by Zimbabwe in the Africa Cup of Nations [PAR] Published: 1:38 PM [PAR] Burkina Faso scored a late equaliser through the centre-back Issoufou Dayo to earn a fortuitous 1-1 draw with Cameroon in Group A at the Africa Cup of Nations on Saturday [PAR] Published: 4:42 PM [PAR] A range of teams could win the 2017 tournament, which takes place against a backdrop of political unrest [PAR] Published: 12:38 PM [PAR] The players, teams and managers to look out for as Ivory Coast defend their title in Gabon in the tournament that kicks off on Saturday [PAR] Published: 5:09 AM [PAR] Guinea-Bissau\u2019s qualification for their first major tournament was a \u2018complete surprise\u2019 \u2013 now they plan to spring another in the curtain-raiser on Saturday [PAR] Published: 8:40 AM [PAR] Wilfried Zaha has no regrets about turning his back on England in order to play for the Ivory Coast at the African Nations Cup, the Crystal Palace winger said on Tuesday [PAR] Published: 3:18 PM [PAR] Liverpool held by Plymouth and other FA Cup tales \u2013 Football Weekly [PAR] The podders look back on Plymouth\u2019s draw at Anfield and the other thrills and spills in the third round of the FA Cup. Plus, a preview of the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations, and when \u2018Deadly\u2019 Doug Ellis kissed Sir Bert Millichip [PAR] Published: 11:02 AM"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tracy Beaker - Tracy Beaker Wiki - Wikia Tracy Beaker | Tracy Beaker Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Dani Harmer [PAR] Sarah Chum (stunt) Annabelle Canavan (stunt) [PAR] Tracy Beaker (born May 8th 1991 [1] , Blackburn Royal Hosptial [2] ), named after a beaker Jacqueline Wilson found while in the bath, [3] ,is the main protaganist of the Tracy Beaker franchise of books and television series'. Previously, she was a high-temptered girl in foster care turned into a powerfully independent care-worker at Elm Tree House . Her mother, Carly Beaker , gave birth to her as a teenager. As a child, her mother's boyfriend used to beat her so she was taken to the Dumping Ground for dosmectic viloence. Four years after her foster mum was married to Gary , they divorced and she became a social worker. Currently, she lives with Cam , her adopted mother and occasionally by herself, when her mum is in New York . As of Goodbye Tracy Beaker , she is a former character, due to Dani Harmer not wanting to pursue her career as Tracy Beaker [4] [PAR] She is portrayed by Dani Harmer and Sarah Churm , in the stage play, Tracy Beaker Gets Real [5] . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Early Years [PAR] (Background) [PAR] In her teenage years, 16-year-old Carly Beaker (Tracy's mother) was pregnant with her. Once Tracy was born, her mum left her at home unattended so she could go the pub ad stay out late. Then, her mother got a Boyfriend named Dave, who she calls Monster Gorrila, possibly her father, who used to hit and abuse her alot. Then, she was sent to a care-home and, since she couldn't stay with her mum, began crying and causing tantrums so she was locked up. [PAR] After this she was sent to another carehome, where she met this lovely girl named Camilla and met Louise , who became a good friend for her. Then, she was fostered again by Julie and Ted Brown. Everything was fine until they were expecting a baby so she was sent by to the carehome. [PAR] Once again, she was fostered, by a woman she called Aunt Peggy .Then, she was taken back to the Dumping Ground, where she meets Justine , a new girl to the place. [6] [PAR] Arrival at The Dumping Ground [PAR] Tracy arriving at the Dumping Ground [PAR] Proir to her being fostered by Ted and Juile , Tracy is being shoved back into the Dumping Ground, as Ted and Juile were having a baby together and Tracy couldn't be trusted with babies, as once she locked one in the cupboard. (\" The Story of Tracy Beaker \"). So, she was taken to the Dumping Ground. [PAR] She later appears in The Story of Tracy Beaker , when Ted and Juile escort her to Stowey House , with she relucantly does. Later on, Jenny seen in the corridor letting her thorough and Tracy is greetted by Mike how pushes her up the stairs. At this point, she unpacks her things in her room, only to see it is the new girl, Justine's room and enters her own room. ( Tracy Returns to the Dumping Ground ) [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Toddler In Town - Tracy continues living with Cam and Gary . [PAR] Two's A Crowd - It's 'special guest day' at the DG and Roxy brings her 'delightful' friend Emily - but who is causing all the trouble and upsetting everyone? Could there be more than one Emily? It's time for Marco to leave"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 [PAR] Harold Pinter [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 [PAR] Photo: U. Montan [PAR] Harold Pinter [PAR] Prize share: 1/1 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 was awarded to Harold Pinter \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\". [PAR] Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 2 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/index.html>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darts 501 - Terms and Meanings Darts 501 - Terms and Meanings [PAR] The centre of the board. (see also: \"SINGLE-BULL\" and \"DOUBLE-BULL\") Score of 50 [PAR] BUST / BUSTED [PAR] Hitting more than you needed in an x01 game. The darts do not count and the player begins his next turn on the same score he had prior to. [PAR] C [PAR] C [PAR] In a Cricket game this refers to high scores base on the number of darts scored. For example a triple-20, single-20, single-20 would be called a C-5 because \"5 darts\" were scored with three darts. [PAR] CHAMPAGNE BREAKFAST [PAR] Hitting treble 20, treble 1 and treble 5 in three darts (see \"BREAKFAST\") [PAR] CHALKING [PAR] Keeping score / marking the game. [PAR] CHIPS [PAR] A score of 26. (See also: \"BREAKFAST /BED & BREAKFAST\") [PAR] CHUCKER [PAR] A player who just \"chucks\" the darts at the board, doesn't aim or care. [PAR] CIRCLE IT [PAR] When a player scores a single digit (less than 10) with three darts, his team-mates would shout out \"Circle it!\" to the scorekeeper to highlight the terrible throw. A variation on this tradition is to draw a fish around the score, often leading to aquarium-related jokes being aimed at particularly poor or unlucky players. [PAR] CLOCK [PAR] The dartboard itself, usually in the context of \"ROUND THE CLOCK\". [PAR] CORK [PAR] The centre of the board. This comes from the cork in the end of a keg where it is tapped. The ends of kegs were used for targets in the game's early days. [PAR] D [PAR] DARTITIS [PAR] Name given to a mental state of a dart thrower unable to release his / her dart during a throw. [PAR] DEVIL [PAR] The treble-6, so called due to '666', and the fact that it is often hit in error when going for treble-13 or treble-10. [PAR] DIDDLE FOR THE MIDDLE [PAR] A throw to see who gets one dart closer to the bullseye to determine who throws first in the game. Also known as a \"BULL OFF\", \"MIDDLE FOR MIDDLE\" and \"OUT FOR BULL\". [PAR] DOUBLE [PAR] The thin outer ring of the board. In standard x01 games, a double counts for two times the number hit. [PAR] DOUBLE-BULL [PAR] On dartboards configured with a bullseye consisting of two concentric circles, the outer circle is commonly green and worth 25 and the inner circle is commonly red and worth 50 points. Hitting the innermost ring of this type of bullseye is a \"DOUBLE-BULL\". (See also: \"BULLSEYE\") [PAR] DOUBLE IN (DI) [PAR] A variant of x01 in which a double is needed to start the game. [PAR] DOUBLE OUT (DO) [PAR] Hitting the double of a number to win a game of 'x01 [PAR] DOUBLE TOP [PAR] Not being able to hit the double needed to win the game. [PAR] DOWNSTAIRS [PAR] The lower portion of the board, usually in reference to the 19s in a game of x01. [PAR] E [PAR] A game that requires no special shot to begin scoring. [PAR] FAT [PAR] The largest portion of a number (the area between the double and triple ring) [PAR] FEATHERS [PAR] The 'feathers'/ Flights of the dart which makes the dart more aerodynamic [PAR] FLIGHTS [PAR] The \"wings\" at the end of a dart that make it fly straight. Also known as feathers. [PAR] G [PAR] Advises all players that the match has now started [PAR] GAME SHOT [PAR] Signifies that the match winning double has been hit [PAR] GOOD GROUP [PAR] A compliment for tight, accurate throwing."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Allo! Allo! - TV.com Allo! Allo! - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Meet Ren\u00e9, the most wanted man in Occupied France: Women want his body. The Resistance wants his brain. And the Nazis want his sausage! In a small caf\u00e9 in occupied France the harassed proprietor, Ren\u00e9, is fighting his own war. With the German Army in residence at the bar, Ren\u00e9 is risking his neck to aid the Resistance by hiding two British airmen and a radio transmitter upstairs. As if this wasn't enough, Ren\u00e9 has also got involved in hiding a priceless painting in a garlic sausage, which even now is being sniffed out by the Gestapo. But Ren\u00e9's real problem is his wife, Edith, and what she will do to him when she finds out about the affairs he is having with two sexy waitresses! (BBC)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1938: Douglas Hyde: The First Irish President | History.info 1938: Douglas Hyde: The First Irish President | History.info [PAR] 1938: Douglas Hyde: The First Irish President [PAR] Photo Credit To Wikipedia Commons [PAR] Story Highlights [PAR] Historical event: [PAR] 25 June 1938 [PAR] It is interesting that, during the mandate of the first President of Ireland, it was not yet clear who was actually the head of state in Ireland - the president or the British king, George VI. Specifically, Ireland still had links with the United Kingdom, even though it had its own government and prime minister. [PAR] On this day in 1938, Ireland got its first president in history. His name was Douglas Hyde and he was a respected scholar of the Irish language (Gaelic). [PAR] This old language had diminished as a spoken tongue and was at risk of falling into oblivion due to the expansion of the English language. [PAR] Douglas Hyde was very interested in the Irish language and old Irish Gaelic culture already in his youth. He even founded an organization called \u201cGaelic League\u201d (Irish: Conradh na Gaeilge) that promotes the Irish language in order to save it from extinction. [PAR] In 1938, Douglas Hyde emerged as the ideal person for the President of Ireland. Irish Prime Minister \u00c9amon de Valera and the head of the opposition W. T. Cosgrave both agreed on that. [PAR] In fact, they both appreciated Hyde, who had a distinguished academic career (and a doctorate). Indeed, Dr. Hyde was a Protestant, which the Catholic Prime Minister de Valera and the head of the opposition Cosgrave wanted to utilize in order to show that Ireland is not intended to be religiously exclusive. [PAR] All in all, Hyde was elected President of Ireland with no real opposition. [PAR] Interestingly, Hyde gave his presidential oath in the Irish language, in his native dialect. In the meantime, this dialect has long disappeared (Dr. Hyde was one of the last speakers), so the recording of his oath is one of the few reminiscences of this historical dialect. [PAR] As president, Hyde moved into the official presidential residence \u2013 \u00c1ras an Uachtar\u00e1in in Dublin \u2013 which is still the official residence of the President of Ireland. [PAR] It is interesting that, during the mandate of the first President of Ireland, it was not yet clear who is actually the head of state in Ireland \u2013 the president or the British king, George VI. [PAR] Specifically, Ireland still had links with the United Kingdom, even though it had its own government and prime minister. However, it was not a real problem, but mostly a formal one. [PAR] All these disagreements were resolved after World War II, when Ireland was formally declared a republic and completely separate from the United Kingdom. [PAR] Facebook Comments[DOC] [TLE] The Presidents of Ireland: From 1938 Until 2015 The Presidents of Ireland: From 1938 Until 2015 [PAR] The Presidents of Ireland: From 1938 Until 2015 [PAR] European History Expert [PAR] By Robert Wilde [PAR] The Republic of Ireland emerged from a protracted struggle with the British Government during the first half of the nineteenth century, leaving the landmass of 'Ireland' divided into two. Self-government initially returned to Southern Ireland in 1922 when the country became a 'Free State' in the British Commonwealth. Further campaigning followed, and in 1939 the Irish Free State adopted a new constitution, replaced the British monarch with an elected president and became '\u00c9ire', 'Ireland'. Full independence - and complete withdrawal from the British Commonwealth - followed with the declaration of the Republic of Ireland in 1949."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Football | End of the Motson era BBC SPORT | Football | End of the Motson era [PAR] End of the Motson era [PAR] By Sam Lyon [PAR] After more than 35 years as BBC Sport's voice of football, Sunday's Euro 2008 final from Vienna marked commentator John Motson's last major television showpiece. [PAR] I haven't changed my system since 1971 and I couldn't adjust now - I'm too old [PAR] John Motson [PAR] Having first appeared on Match of the Day in 1971, the 62-year-old has covered nine European Championships, nine World Cups and 34 FA Cup finals. But Germany-Spain was his last live TV broadcast. [PAR] \"I am coming to the end of my career, I know that,\" said Motson. [PAR] \"I'd been thinking about it at the start of the season, but now I've decided I don't want to be tearing around South Africa for the 2010 World Cup at the age of 65. It's physically and mentally challenging.\" [PAR] Motson will continue to commentate on Match of the Day and Radio 5 Live - \"I don't want to make it sound like I'm disappearing for ever,\" he says - but in opting not to work on the 2010 World Cup, he is aware it is the end of an era somewhat. [PAR] \"Eighteen tournaments is about right for me,\" he said. \"I don't want to go on too long, maybe end up going to South Africa and people say I'm past my best.\" [PAR] The son of a Methodist minister, 'Motty' first joined the BBC in 1968, following stints as a reporter on the Barnet Press and Sheffield Morning Telegraph. [PAR] Originally working on Radio Two, his Match of the Day commentary career was launched when he was detailed to cover the FA Cup replay between Hereford and Newcastle in 1972. [PAR] The BBC thought the match would warrant a five-minute segment following their two main games, but Hereford's shock 2-1 win - aided by Ronnie Radford's famous 30-yard strike that sparked a mini pitch invasion - saw the match promoted to the main game, and Motson never looked back. [PAR] \"That was the breakthrough game for me,\" he told BBC Sport. \"It showed people I could cope with the big game.\" [PAR] By that stage, Motson had already replaced Kenneth Wolstenholme - the man famed for his commentary on England's World Cup final win over Germany in 1966 - at Match of the Day, and it is with great pride that Motty talks of how he has gone on to better Wolstenholme's record of FA Cup and World Cup final commentaries. [PAR] Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory. [PAR] Relive some of John Motson's most memorable commentaries. [PAR] In total, Motson has covered six World Cup finals as well as his 34 FA Cup finals (29 finals and five replays), and more than 200 England matches. [PAR] Of course, it hasn't always been plain sailing for Motson, who recalls the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 as his lowest commentary moment. [PAR] On the lighter side, the commentator's more infamous lines are still the stuff of legend. [PAR] Still, outbursts like \"it's Arsenal 0, Everton 1, and the longer it stays like that, the more you've got to fancy Everton,\" and \"for those of you watching in black and white, Spurs are in the all yellow strip,\" added to Motson's charm rather than detracted from it. [PAR] That was underlined in 2004, when he was named the Royal Television Society's Sports Commentator of the Year, receiving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Euphrasia - Homeopathy - Herbs2000.com Euphrasia - Homeopathy [PAR] Homeopathy [PAR] Eyebright [PAR] Euphrasia officinalis [PAR] Eyebright (botanical name Euphrasia officinalis) is indigenous to Europe, where it is found growing in the wild. It is believed that the plant has acquired its name eyebright from its use in the form of a traditional indigenous medication for treating irritation in the eyes. [PAR] The herb euphrasia has a typical similarity with our eyes. The general physical symptoms cured by this herb include eye irritation accompanied by hurtful and smouldering pains as well as muggy mucus. In such cases, the sufferer usually experiences an intense sensitivity to light together with inflamed, swollen eyelids and repeated blinking. The eyes also have a tendency to water heavily - a symptom worsened when the sufferer is exposed to open air, is coughing or lying down. This medication is primarily used to treat infections or allergies that affect the eyes and the nose; for instance, colds , conjunctivitis and/ or hay fever . In addition, Euphrasia is often recommended for eye symptoms following any injury. [PAR] Since the Middle Ages people have been employing eyebright to cure straining and inflamed eyes. In contemporary times, practitioners of herbal medicine use eyebright to treat allergies and infections of the eyes , nasal passages, sinuses and the middle ear. [PAR] Euphrasia is a remedy that becomes effective very fast and assists in brightening the eyes and clearing blockages. It provides immediate relief when anyone is suffering from burning, inflamed, red and aggravated eyes attributable to hay fever, allergies or a running cold. Other symptoms cured by this homeopathic remedy may include headaches , coughs and noses changing from congested and stuffy to profusely runny. It may be pleasant to your eyes when their condition worsens in a smoke-filled warm room compared to being in a garden when it is in full bloom. [PAR] As a homeopathic remedy, Euphrasia is inclined to work excellently for individuals whose nature is somewhat melancholic. Such people may have a tendency to daydream and may be engaged easily into their environs as well as people around them. In addition, such individuals have a propensity to struggle with physical symptoms that may result in exasperation and frustration in their personal lives too. [PAR] Parts used [PAR] The entire fresh flowering plant including the root. [PAR] Uses [PAR] In homeopathy, Euphrasia is the main cure for several eye conditions, including cataract , allergies of the eyes, conjunctivitis, granular eyelids and glandular swellings. It is an excellent remedy for catarrhal conjunctivitis accompanied by cloudiness of cornea and ulceration. This medication is most suitable for people who have a feeling of dryness, inflammation and stinging in their eyes. In such cases, the eyes water profusely almost always and the water has a pungent smell. It is also given to people who experience copious acrid lachrymation accompanied with copious bland coryza. Usually, the eyes are sticky in the morning. In addition, Euphrasia is also effective for curing granular eyelids. In such cases, the edges of the eyelids turn red, distended and there is a burning sensation - making the eyes extremely susceptible to touch. This homeopathic remedy is also useful for conditions like violent prickling of the eyes that results in frequent rubbing as well as winking. It is also an appropriate remedy for delicate rashes in the region of the eyes accompanied with swollen eyelids and unclear vision. In addition, the patients may experience a biting pain in their eyes, which spreads out towards the head, and there is a sensation as if the eyes are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Laura Ashley Facts - YourDictionary - Biography Laura Ashley Facts [PAR] LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST [PAR] Laura Ashley Facts [PAR] The British designer Laura Ashley (1925-1985) achieved renown for her genteel, Victorian inspired fashions in women's clothes and for her English Country manor style of furnishings for homes. Through her designs, books, and stores, she may be said to have served as an arbiter of fashion and life style. [PAR] Laura (Mountney) Ashley was born September 7, 1925, in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, and died September 17, 1985, in Coventry, England. She was buried in Wales, where she was educated and grew up and where she established her world famous business of designing, manufacturing, and merchandising women's clothes and household items. [PAR] Her name had in her lifetime become synonymous with small, repetitive overall patterns; the use of natural fabrics; and a graceful simplicity in women's styles. Her dresses and blouses were noted for their Victorian-like high necks and full sleeves, the severity relieved by lace and ruffles. Particularly characteristic was her soft, floppy, wool felt hat with a broad flexible brim that could be worn down over the eyes and ears or pushed back so as to reveal the forehead. It became common to speak of a \"Laura Ashley look,\" a term applied to her garments, fabrics, and interior designs and even to the appearance of the young, expressionless, fresh-faced women who modeled her clothes. [PAR] She married Bernard Ashley in 1949. On a kitchen table in their flat in the Pimlico section of London they designed placemats, scarves, tablecloths, aprons, and dresses by the silkscreen method. They soon moved to a country home in Surrey and in the late 1950s to Carno, Wales, now the headquarters of the firm's international operations. She concentrated on creating the designs and her husband on printing and merchandising them. [PAR] Her life in the Welsh and English countryside, amidst farms and villages, clearly influenced the combination of Puritan function and Victorian nostalgia of her designs. \"Living quite remotely as I have done,\" she once said, \"I have not been caught up with city influences and we just developed in our own way.\" She declared about her success: \"It's not really a question of inspiration. What you make as a designer is an expression of yourself. I love music and painting and I prefer life in the country.\" Another time she said: \"The idea of four babies, cooking, sewing, and looking after the home suited me perfectly.\" Of fashion she remarked: \"I don't like ephemeral things; I like things that last forever\u2026\" [PAR] A major influence on her dress designing was her uniform as a Wren in World War II. She said about it: \"The uniform was a very good quality navy gabardine and you could press it and wear it with a clean white cotton shirt and collar and tie. There was a nice, cheeky little hat and comfortable black leather shoes.\" [PAR] At another time, she said: \"I reckon that women looked their best at the turn of the century.\" She studied 18th and 19th century prints in museum collections for her miniature floral patterns. \"No one wants to live with a design that jumps out at them,\" she explained. Her colors, too, were subdued. [PAR] Her success was quick and extraordinary. Her fabrics were first sold in two of the smaller but highly fashionable London department stores, Heal's and Liberty's, both of which had a tradition of featuring thoughtfully designed and esthetically pleasing objects. Liberty's, for example, continued to offer fabric and wall paper in patterns"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The stories behind the letters of our alphabet | New York Post The stories behind the letters of our alphabet | New York Post [PAR] The stories behind the letters of our alphabet [PAR] Modal Trigger [PAR] G\u2019s that look like I\u2019s, F\u2019s that sound like \u201cWaw,\u201d and Q\u2019s that look like monkeys \u2014 man, was our alphabet a mess. [PAR] That\u2019s because many of our letters began as Egyptian hieroglyph symbols 4,000 years ago, with a hodgepodge of Semitic, Phoenician, Greek and Roman influences thrown in. [PAR] It would take centuries, and the dropping of more than a few letters along the way, before our alphabet was born. By year 1011, the order that we know today was largely in place \u2014 excluding \u201cJ,\u201d \u201cU,\u201d \u201cW\u201d \u2014 but there were 29 letters, including the ampersand. [PAR] The alphabet we know today takes its modern 26-letter shape in the 16th century. [PAR] Author Michael Rosen devotes 400-plus pages to topsy-turvy history of our letters in his entertaining \u201cAlphabetical: How Every Letter Tells A Story\u201d (Counterpoint), dedicating a chapter to each of the 26 letters. Here\u2019s a brief look. [PAR] Illustrations by Leah Tiscione [PAR] A [PAR] Turn the \u201cA\u201d upside down and you\u2019ll have a good sense of its original shape and meaning when it was introduced around 1800 BC. Resembling an animal\u2019s head with antlers or horns, the original meaning of the letter in ancient Semitic was \u201cox.\u201d [PAR] B [PAR] Flip \u201cB\u201d on its belly and you see a home \u2014 complete with a door, a room and a roof. Now you have some idea of why 4,000 years ago in Egypt, \u201cB\u201d (which sounded like our \u201ch\u201d) was a hieroglyph that meant \u201cshelter.\u201d [PAR] C [PAR] The first \u201cC\u201d shape emerged in Phoenician and stood for a hunter\u2019s stick or boomerang. The Greeks renamed it \u201cgamma\u201d and when they switched to reading from right to left to left to right in 500 BC, they flipped the shape. As the letter spread to Italy, it took on a more crescent shape, and the C as we know it today was born. [PAR] D [PAR] Around 800 BC, Phoenicians began to use a \u201cdalet\u201d \u2014 or a rough triangle facing left \u2014 which translated to door. The Greeks adopted it and renamed it \u201cdelta.\u201d The Romans later added serifs and varied the thickness of the lines, softening one side into a semicircle. [PAR] E [PAR] The \u201cE\u201d of 3,800 years ago, pronounced \u201ch\u201d in Semitic, resembled a stick with two arms and a leg meant to signify a human form. The Greeks flipped it around in 700 BC and changed the sound to \u201cee.\u201d [PAR] F [PAR] The \u201cF\u201d of Phoenician times resembled a \u201cY\u201d and sounded like \u201cwaw.\u201d The ancient Greeks changed it to \u201cdigamma\u201d and tipped the \u201cY\u201d over to look like a drunk version of our \u201cF.\u201d The Romans regulated the writing of the letter centuries later, drawing the cross lines at firm geometric right angles, also giving it the \u201cfff\u201d sound. [PAR] G [PAR] Today\u2019s \u201cG\u201d derives from the Greek letter \u201czeta,\u201d a letter that looks like our \u201cI\u201d but was pronounced as a \u201czzz.\u201d Around 250 BC, Romans altered the shape of this strange letter to look more like an \u201cE\u201d without the middle horizontal arm and then applied the \u201cg\u201d sound because they didn\u2019t need the \u201cz\u201d sound in Latin. Over time, the crescent curved. [PAR] H [PAR] Based on the Egyptian hieroglyph of a fence, it\u2019s one of the most controversial letters in the English language. The breathy sound associated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map abbreviations - Ordnance Survey Map abbreviations [PAR] End of primary navigation [PAR] Map abbreviations [PAR] Ordnance Survey maps use a range of symbol, abbreviations and language to communicate features on the landscape of Great Britain, find out more about map abbreviations below. [PAR] Useful links [PAR] The national grid [PAR] (Use the letters to help you jump to the relevant section on the page.) [PAR] AA Telephone Box (small scales) [PAR] DM [PAR] Baulk, Bank, Base, Basin, Bridge, Broad [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Break in house numbers on SUSI/SIM Products [PAR] BB1969 [PAR] Broken (hedge or bank) on SUSI\u00ae/SIM\u00ae/SuperplanTM Products [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] Bracken and Rough grassland on SUSI/SIM/Superplan Products [PAR] BB1969 [PAR] Cam, Canal, Causeway, Centre of, Channel, Cut [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Causeway, Chase, Circle, Circus, Close [PAR] MOD6/l-10T [PAR] Cliff, Conduit, Cop, Course of, Covered, Culvert [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Court, Crescent, Croft, Cross, Cut, Corner [PAR] MOD6/L-10T [PAR] Centre of Bank, Basin, Baulk, Broad [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Centre of Channel at Low Water [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Christian Science Church; Church of Christ Scientist [PAR] DM [PAR] Council (not in conjunction with county) [PAR] DM [PAR] Centre of old course of stream [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Centre [of stone marking trig pt] [PAR] 1:10560 [PAR] Centre of Railway, River, Road [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Dam, Ditch, Dock, Double, Down, Drain [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Double Ditch or Drain (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Double Gate (level crossing) (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] Double Wall [LS drafting guide only] [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] Electricity Pillar or Electricity Pole [PAR] DM [PAR] End of Motorway (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] End of Straight (railway) (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] Face of, Fence, Fleet, Foot, Freeboard [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Gap, Gardens, Gate, Green, Grove [PAR] MOD6/L-10T [PAR] Ground Surface Level (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] High, Hole, House, Hydrant, Hydraulic [PAR] OS404 [PAR] HP to which MTs flow [PAR] Highest Point to which Medium Tides flow [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] HP to which OSTs flow} [PAR] Highest Point to which Ordinary Tides flow [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] HP to which OSTs flow} [PAR] Spring Tides flow [PAR] HP to which OTs flow [PAR] Highest Point to which Ordinary Tides flow [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] High Water Mark of Medium Tides [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] High Water Mark of Ordinary Spring Tides [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] High Water Mark of Ordinary Tides [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] Lade, Lake, Lead, Loch, Lockspit, Tides [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Low Water Mark of Medium Tides [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] Low Water Mark of Ordinary Spring Tides [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] Low Water Mark of Ordinary Tides [PAR] DM-Obs [PAR] Mean High and Mean Low Water [PAR] DM [PAR] Mean High and Mean Low Water Springs [PAR] DM [PAR] Matter of opinion (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] BB1969 [PAR] No name or number (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] Parade, Pass, Passage, Path, Place, Passenger [PAR] MOD6/L-10T [PAR] Passage, Path, Plate, Pond, Post [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Detail Point (Point of Detail) [PAR] MOD6/L-TS [PAR] Pipe Line [MSD only-pub. in full] [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] Detail Point (Point of Detail) [PAR] MOD6/L-TS [PAR] Police Telephone Pillar or Post [PAR] DM [PAR] Race, Railway, Ride, River, Road, Root of [PAR] DM-By [PAR] RAC Telephone Box (small scales) [PAR] DM [PAR] Scar, Sewer, Side of, Slope, Sluice, Stone, Stream [PAR] DM-By [PAR] Side, Spur, Square, Stairs, Steps, Strand [PAR] MOD6/L-10T [PAR] Service Area on Motorways (Small Scale Products) [PAR] S [PAR] Scattered (density) (SUSI/SIM /Superplan Products) [PAR] MOD6/L [PAR] Single Drain or Ditch (SUSI/SIM Products) [PAR] BB1969/MOD6/L [PAR] Side of Fence, Furrow, etc [PAR] OS404 [PAR] Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve Centre [PAR] DM [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Entomophobia | Beeline Pest Control Beeline Pest Control [PAR] Search for: [PAR] Entomophobia [PAR] For all those that scream, stress or feel like their heart is going to explode whenever they see any small creature with multiple legs, it is possible you have entomophobia. Entomophobia is the fear of or aversion to all types of bugs. Most of us find this fear to be irrational. Bugs are a fraction of our size, and yet many of our physiological reactions make them appear to be a huge threat to our well-being. Why is it that so many of us are afraid of these tiny creatures? [PAR] Symptoms of Entomophobia [PAR] Phobias create an extreme amount of anxiety whenever we come in contact with whatever it is we fear. An insect phobia can create many unpleasant symptoms such as: [PAR] [PAR] Feeling faint [PAR] Fuzzy vision or hearing [PAR] In most situations, one feels that they MUST escape the situation that they\u2019re in. These symptoms range from mild to severe, but overall they can be manageable with time. [PAR] What Causes a Phobia of Insects? [PAR] Although there isn\u2019t a specific \u201ctrigger\u201d to cause a phobia, there are some ideas as to how they can start. Sometimes an ugly experience with a bug, such as being stung, can spark a phobia within someone. Memories of the pain or the oddity of the situation can keep the phobia alive. Parents also have a large impact on what their children fear. If a parent continually shows fear whenever they see a bug, the child will believe that the bug will harm them, causing anxiety. [PAR] Overcoming Your Fears [PAR] Because we have learned to fear insects, we have to unlearn the fear in order to overcome it. [PAR] First, pinpoint why you might have this fear. Are you afraid of bites or stings? Or are you afraid of the way they look and move? Write down what it is you fear about bugs, or a particular bug. [PAR] Educate yourself about that bug or bugs. Understanding what it is you fear will help you overcome the anxiety you feel when you see it. [PAR] Start by drawing a picture of a bug you\u2019re afraid of. Physically drawing out your fear will help you overcome your reactions. Progress into looking at black and white photos of your fear, and eventually colored pictures. [PAR] When you\u2019re ready, slowly start watching videos about bugs. [PAR] Once you feel like you\u2019ve got your emotions in control, check out an insect exhibit at your local zoo. [PAR] Exposing yourself to bugs in short burst over time will help you overcome your fear. Don\u2019t force it too hard upon yourself in risk of causing too much panic. Remember that overcoming your fears will not happen overnight. Building up short exposures with bugs will in due time help you manage your phobia. In the mean time, make sure that your home and phobia is free from bugs by checking out our previous post: 3 Ways to Bug-Proof Your Home. [PAR] By, Jessica Doucette"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography of Speaker John Bercow - UK Parliament Biography of Speaker John Bercow - UK Parliament [PAR] Biography of Speaker John Bercow [PAR] Biography of Speaker John Bercow [PAR] Rt. Hon John Bercow MP, Speaker of the House of Commons, UK Parliament [PAR] On 22 June 2009 John Bercow was elected 157th Speaker of the House of Commons. [PAR] A former national Chairman of the Federation of Conservative Students and London Borough Councillor, he was elected Member of Parliament for Buckingham in May 1997 as a Conservative, serving on the front benches as spokesman for Education & Employment and Home Affairs. [PAR] He was appointed Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury in 2001 then Shadow Minister for Work & Pensions in 2002 and from 2003 to 2004 as Shadow Secretary of State for International Development. [PAR] He then became a member of the International Development Select Committee and served as co-Chair of the All party Parliamentary group on Burma, vice-Chair of the APG on the prevention of genocide, Africa and Sudan. [PAR] [PAR] He was Secretary of the All Party group on Human Rights and established the All Party group on Brain Tumours. [PAR] In September 2007 he was appointed by the Government to lead a review of services for children and young people with speech, language and communication needs. [PAR] Appointed to the Speaker\u2019s Conference on Parliamentary Representation in November 2008 he became Chair of the Conference on becoming Speaker. [PAR] Married to Sally, they are proud parents to three young children. [PAR] Related information [PAR] Topics: Speaker [PAR] Recent parliamentary material on the Speaker of the House of Commons. This includes briefing papers produced by the parliamentary research services, and the latest Early Day Motions put down by MPs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nixon's Checkers Speech . Eisenhower . WGBH American ... Nixon's Checkers Speech . Eisenhower . WGBH American Experience | PBS [PAR] Eisenhower's vice president, Richard Nixon, counters critics who claim he took a $18,000 contribution and used it for personal expenses, though he admits that his family dog,Checkers, was a political gift. [PAR] Richard Nixon's Checkers Speech [PAR] September 23, 1952 [PAR] My Fellow Americans, [PAR] I come before you tonight as a candidate for the Vice-Presidency and as a man whose honesty and integrity has been questioned. [PAR] Now, the usual political thing to do when charges are made against you is to either ignore them or to deny them without giving details. I believe we have had enough of that in the United States, particularly with the present Administration in Washington, D.C. [PAR] To me the office of the Vice Presidency of the United States is a great office, and I feel that the people have got to have confidence in the integrity of the men who run for that office and who might attain them. [PAR] I have a theory, too, that the best and only answer to a smear or an honest misunderstanding of the facts is to tell the truth. And that is why I am here tonight. I want to tell you my side of the case. [PAR] I am sure that you have read the charges, and you have heard it, that I, Senator Nixon, took $18,000 from a group of my supporters. [PAR] Now, was that wrong? And let me say that it was wrong. I am saying it, incidentally, that it was wrong, just not illegal, because it isn't a question of whether it was legal or illegal, that isn't enough. The question is, was it morally wrong. I say that it was morally wrong -- if any of that $18,000 went to Senator Nixon, for my personal use. I say that it was morally wrong if it was secretly given and secretly handled. [PAR] And I say that it was morally wrong if any of the contributors got special favors for the contributions that they made. [PAR] And to answer those questions let me say this: not a cent of the $18,000 or any other money of that type ever went to me for my personal use. Every penny of it was used to pay for political expenses that I did not think should be charged to the taxpayers of the United States. [PAR] It was not a secret fund. As a matter of fact, when I was on \"Meet the Press\" -- some of you may have seen it last Sunday -- Peter Edson came up to me, after the program, and he said, \"Dick, what about this fund we hear about?\" And I said, \"Well, there is no secret about it. Go out and see Dana Smith who was the administrator of the fund,\" and I gave him his address. And I said you will find that the purpose of the fund simply was to defray political expenses that I did not feel should be charged to the Government. [PAR] And third, let me point out, and I want to make this particularly clear, that no contributor to this fund, no contributor to any of my campaigns, has ever received any consideration that he would not have received as an ordinary constituent. [PAR] I just don't believe in that, and I can say that never, while I have been in the Senate of the United States, as far as the people that contributed to this fund"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] See Steve Martin & Kermit Perform Dueling Banjos -- Vulture See Steve Martin & Kermit Perform Dueling Banjos -- Vulture [PAR] Print [PAR] Share [PAR] Steve Martin is really sticking to this banjo thing, isn't he? Kermit the Frog's floppy muppet fingers are surprisingly not too bad on the instrument, either. Watch the boys play the tune made most famous by Deliverance, just one in a series of videos promoting Matt Hoyle's upcoming book, Comic Genius: Portraits of Funny People. Other videos will feature (as the book does) Tina Fey, Robin Williams, Chevy Chase, Cloris Leachman, Weird Al Yankovic, Jason Bateman, Eric Stonestreet, Jane Lynch, Patton Oswalt, and Neil Patrick Harris ( whose adorable Buster Keaton tribute is already on Funny or Die ). [PAR] Tags:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 99 Fascinating Facts About\u2026 Babies 99 Adorable Facts about Babies | FactRetriever.com [PAR] 99 Adorable Facts about Babies [PAR] By Karin Lehnardt, Senior Writer [PAR] Published August 20, 2016 [PAR] A baby cannot taste salt until it is 4 months old. The delay may be related to the development of kidneys, which start to process sodium at about that age.[12] [PAR] In medieval Europe, leeches were commonly used to treat babies\u2019 illnesses. For example, leeches were placed on a baby\u2019s windpipe for croup. Additionally, teething babies were commonly purged or bled.[12] [PAR] A baby\u2019s eyes are 75% of their adult size, but its vision is around 20/400. By six months, a baby\u2019s vision should reach 20/20.[10] [PAR] Newborns are more likely to turn their head to the right than to the left.[10] [PAR] The inner ear is the only sense organ to develop fully before birth. It reaches its adult size by the middle of pregnancy.[5] [PAR] A baby's skull doesn't fuse until around age 2 [PAR] The protein that keeps a baby\u2019s skull from fusing is called \u201cnoggin.\u201d[11] [PAR] Within a few days of birth, a baby can distinguish between the touch of bristles that are of different diameters.[5] [PAR] Adults have 206 bones. When babies are born, they have 300. Their bones fuse as they grow, resulting in fewer bones as adults.[11] [PAR] The intestines of a newborn are about 11 feet long. The length will double by the time the baby grows to adulthood.[11] [PAR] A newborn urinates about every 20 minutes and then roughly every hour at 6 months.[12] [PAR] Human babies are the only primates who smile at their parents.[12] [PAR] If a person who was born 8 lbs. and 20 in. at birth continued growing at the same rate as he does the first year, by the time he reached 20, he\u2019d be 25 ft. tall and weigh nearly 315 lbs.[12] [PAR] Famous premature babies include Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Mark Twain, Stevie Wonder, Johannes Kepler, and Sir Winston Churchill.[4] [PAR] The largest number of babies born to a woman is 69. From 1725-1765, a Russian peasant woman gave birth to 16 sets of twins, seven sets of triplets, and four sets of quadruplets.[6] [PAR] In 1978, the first baby was born in Antarctica: Emilio Marcos Palma.[6] [PAR] A baby has significantly more tastebuds than an adult [PAR] A baby has around 30,000 taste buds. They are not just on the tongue but also on the sides, back, and roof of the mouth. Adults have about 10,000.[5] [PAR] Each year, over four million babies are born in the U.S.[11] [PAR] Approximately 80% of infants are born with some form of birthmark, usually \u201cstork bites\u201d and \u201cport wine stains.\u201d[11] [PAR] Approximately two or three of every 1,000 children in the United States are born deaf or hard-of-hearing. More lose their hearing later in childhood.[9] [PAR] Babies can suffer serious health effects if their mothers have an STD, including death, low birth weight, conjunctivitis (an eye infection), pneumonia, neonatal sepsis (infection in the baby\u2019s blood stream), neurologic damage, blindness, deafness, acute hepatitis, meningitis, chronic liver disease, and cirrhosis. Many of these problems can be prevented if the mother receives prenatal care that includes screening for STDs.[13] [PAR] Some scientists suggest that shaking the head to mean \u201cno\u201d derives from newborns turning their head away from food when they are full.[11] [PAR] A baby can recognize the smell and voice of its mother at birth. It takes a few weeks before a baby can see the difference between its mother and other adults.[11] [PAR] A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baroque Literature Essay (3) - CRIDB Baroque Literature Essay (3) [PAR] Baroque Literature Essay [PAR] (For a more comprehensive listing see Middle Baroque Literature Grids .) [PAR] John Milton 1608-1674 [PAR] Renowned English Puritan poet, dramatist and master of polemical prose famous for his great Christian blank verse epic Paradise Lost (1665) and his brilliant prose argument for freedom of the press, Areopagitica (1644). [Both works are in Encyclopedia Britannica's \"Great Books of the Western World\" along with Simon Agonistes and a selection of poems.] Some authorities consider Milton the greatest English poet after Shakespeare and Paradise Lost the grandest of all English narrative poems. Perhaps only Virgil 's Aeneid and Dante 's Divine Comedy approach it in scope. Milton was the preeminent spokesman in poetry of 17th-century Puritanism just as Bunyan was its chief spokesman in prose. [PAR] Even Milton's early poems show his enormous literary gifts: On the Death of a fair Infant (1626), written after the death of his sister's first child, On the Morning of Christ's Nativity (1629), written while at Cambridge, and his companion poems, L'Allegro and Il Penseroso (1631), juxtaposing the cheerful, celebratory man with the contemplative, melancholy man. [PAR] Milton's masque Comus (1634), his first poem in blank verse (set to music by Henry Lawes ), deals with the triumph and superiority of chastity over revelry. (Some difficulty in his first marriage made him change his mind!) Lycidas (1637), a highly esteemed pastoral elegy, deals with the fear of premature death and unfulfilled ambition in some of the purest and most perfect poetry ever written. Milton toyed with the idea of entering the church but gave it up to devote himself to studying the classics, tutoring and writing. He published pamphlets against the episcopacy, e.g., Of Reformation Touching Church Discipline in England (1641), The Reason of Church-government Urg'd against Prelaty (1642), and on divorce, e.g., The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce (1643), Tetrachordon: The Four Chief Places of Scripture Which Treat of Marriage (1645). [PAR] Milton's divorce pamphlets were prompted by the refusal of his 17-year-old wife, Mary Powell, the daughter of a Royalist whom he married in 1642, to return to him after a visit to her family. (Mary did eventually return in 1645.) In The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce Milton argued that it just might be the case that those who sowed a few wild oats might end up more happily married than some of those who were chaste and \"chained together\" in loveless marriages because of a \"contrariety of mind.\" [PAR] Suffice it to say, the Presbyterians became enraged and a parliamentary committee, dominated by Presbyterians, threatened to prosecute. Milton replied with his most famous prose work, Areopagitica: a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing (1644), a protest against censorship staunchly arguing for the freedom of the press. [PAR] [The Areopagus was the supreme court of ancient Athens.] \"He who destroys a good book, kills reason itself....Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.\" [PAR] Ever interested in freedom, Milton was the most important republican English Baroque writer just as Hobbes was the most important royalist English Baroque philosopher. Dr. Johnson called him \"an acrimonious and surly republican.\" (Most historians consider this a fair description, but then again, Dr. Johnson was a Tory!) Milton, the polemical champion of the revolution and the official apologist for the Commonwealth , defended the execution of Charles I in The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649). He argued that a people had the right to depose"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Football | Europe | When Bryan Robson tamed Barca BBC SPORT | Football | Europe | When Bryan Robson tamed Barca [PAR] When Bryan Robson tamed Barca [PAR] The 1984 Barcelona team [PAR] By Jonathan Stevenson and Chris Bevan [PAR] If Manchester United's previous meetings with Barcelona are anything to go by, their semi-final clash in this season's Champions League ought to be a classic. [PAR] The clubs met twice in the old European Cup Winners' Cup and have twice found themselves in the same Champions League group. [PAR] Each tie proved to be memorable for different reasons but for pure drama the first, in March 1984, was arguably the best. [PAR] 606: DEBATE [PAR] Do you remember United seeing off Maradona and co? [PAR] United had lost the first leg of their Cup Winners' Cup quarter-final 2-0 at the Nou Camp through Graeme Hogg's own goal and Juan Carlos P\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrez Rojo's last-minute strike. [PAR] Ron Atkinson's side were given little chance of overturning that deficit against the Spanish giants, who were managed by World-Cup winning coach Cesar Luis Menotti and boasted a certain Diego Armando Maradona in their illustrious ranks. [PAR] But United had their own icon in Bryan Robson, who showed why he was known to Red Devils fans as Captain Marvel with his display in the return at Old Trafford. [PAR] Robson began the fightback with 22 minutes gone when he connected with a diving header from Ray Wilkins' corner and then, five minutes after the break, he sent the majority of the 58,350 crowd into raptures by slamming home from close-range after Javier Urruticoechea fumbled a Wilkins cross. [PAR] UTD v BARCA PAST MEETINGS [PAR] 1983-84 ECWC q-final [PAR] 1998-99 Champ Lge groups [PAR] BARCA 3-3 UTD [PAR] The tie was level on aggregate but there was only going to be one winner. As United poured forward, Frank Stapleton latched on to a Norman Whiteside knockdown and lashed into the net from an acute angle. [PAR] United bowed out 3-2 on aggregate in the last four to a Michel Platini-inspired Juventus, while Maradona left Barcelona for Napoli at the end of the season. [PAR] But what happened to the other players who took part in that remarkable match 24 years ago? BBC Sport tracks down Arthur Albiston, Remi Moses, Jose Ramon Alexanco and the rest ahead of Wednesday's Champions League semi-final, first leg between Barcelona and Manchester United. [PAR] MANCHESTER UNITED [PAR] Atkinson spent five years in charge at Old Trafford [PAR] Manager - Ron Atkinson Flamboyant and suntanned boss who, like his Barca counterpart Menotti, enjoyed a cigar or three. 'Big Ron' won the FA Cup twice with United and the League Cup with Sheffield Wednesday, as well as taking Aston Villa to second place in the Premier League in 1993, his best finish in the top flight. [PAR] He also worked as a TV pundit before resigning from ITV in 2004 over racist remarks he made about Chelsea defender Marcel Desailly after a Champions League semi-final. Now director of football at British Gas Business Football League Premier Division side Halesowen Town. [PAR] Gary Bailey Ipswich-born but South African-bred keeper who completed a BSc in physics when in Manchester. After a knee injury ended his career in England in 1987 he returned to South Africa to play for Kaizer Chiefs and study civil engineering but, after an investment in Mabula Game Reserve went wrong, he went to Oxford to get an MBA from Henley College. Now works as a TV presenter and motivational speaker and was an ambassador for South"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parliamentarian - definition of parliamentarian by The ... Parliamentarian - definition of parliamentarian by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Parliamentarian - definition of parliamentarian by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/parliamentarian [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Legal , Wikipedia . [PAR] par\u00b7lia\u00b7men\u00b7tar\u00b7i\u00b7an [PAR] (p\u00e4r\u2032l\u0259-m\u0115n-t\u00e2r\u2032\u0113-\u0259n) [PAR] 1. One who is expert in parliamentary procedures, rules, or debate. [PAR] 2. A member of a parliament. [PAR] 3. Parliamentarian A supporter of the Long Parliament during the English Civil War and the Commonwealth; a Roundhead. [PAR] parliamentarian [PAR] 1. (Parliamentary Procedure) an expert in parliamentary procedures, etc [PAR] 2. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (sometimes capital) Brit a Member of Parliament [PAR] adj [PAR] (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) of or relating to a parliament or parliaments [PAR] Parliamentarian [PAR] (Historical Terms) a supporter of Parliament during the English Civil War [PAR] adj [PAR] (Historical Terms) of or relating to Parliament or its supporters during the English Civil War [PAR] par\u2022lia\u2022men\u2022tar\u2022i\u2022an [PAR] (\u02ccp\u0251r l\u0259 m\u025bn\u02c8t\u025b\u0259r i \u0259n, -m\u0259n-; sometimes \u02ccp\u0251rl y\u0259-) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. an expert in parliamentary rules and procedures. [PAR] 2. (cap.) a partisan of the British Parliament in opposition to Charles I. [PAR] [1605-1615] [PAR] British House of Commons , House of Commons - the lower house of the British parliament [PAR] legislator - someone who makes or enacts laws [PAR] 2. [PAR] parliamentarian - an expert in parliamentary rules and procedures [PAR] expert - a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully [PAR] Translations [PAR] parliamentarian [PAR] [\u02ccp\u0251\u02d0l\u0259m\u025bn\u02c8t\u025b\u0259r\u026a\u0259n] n \u2192 parlamentare m/f [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Ata Jurt parliamentarians to be expelled from party in case of entry into majority coalition [PAR] For parliamentarians who wish to submit a private member's bill, Library employees are available to assist in crystallizing the intent of the proposed bill and to work with the parliamentarian to prepare drafting instructions for the legal drafters, who will eventually turn the idea into a bill."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paddy Maguire - Shameless Wiki - Wikia Paddy Maguire | Shameless Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Eye color [PAR] N/A [PAR] |career = gangster Patrick Donal \"Paddy\" Maguire (born August 31, 1962) is the patriarch of the Maguire Family , the most feared and well respected of the local criminal families in Stretford. His cherished wife is Mimi , and he has an identical twin brother, Noel . He has six sons: Jamie , Fergal , Joey , Donny , Shane and Micky , and one daughter, Mandy . [PAR] Patrick is extremely intimidating, forceful and violent and his presence strikes fear into most residents of the Chatsworth Estate . For example, when he and his family enter the local pub, The Jockey , the customers sitting at the table beside the entrance clear the seat for them. He and his family are also drug dealers on the Chatsworth estate and are particularly wealthy and prosperous as a result, with most of his sons staying within the family business. [PAR] He has a particular dislike for the Gallagher family, particularly Frank and Lip , which he has demonstrated on several occasions, both physically and verbally. However in later series, Paddy has begun to show a more compassionate side, and since Series 4 , he has also become much more accepting of Lip Gallagher, as well as Karen , the wife of his eldest son Jamie. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Katie & the Gallaghers [PAR] Paddy is first seen after Mandy becomes pregnant with Lip Gallagher 's baby. As Mandy is actually in a relationship of convenience with Lip's brother Ian Gallagher , Paddy and the family instantly presume that Ian is the father and forcibly welcome him into their family. Paddy 'initiates' Ian by taking him to a street by trying to make him participate in beating up somebody who owes them money. He displays some tendencies of a sociopath after getting his sons to stop the beating, only to deliver the final kick in the face himself that knocks the man unconscious. [PAR] After encouraging Ian to propose to Mandy (which Ian does out of fear), Lip shows up at the engagement party and announces that the baby is his, wrecking everything. Paddy, overcome with rage, makes a beeline for Lip and beats him to a pulp before announcing to the Gallaghers that Mandy's baby belongs to the Maguires now and that they will never again have anything to do with it. [PAR] Heroin Addiction [PAR] Upon the family's annual pilgrimage to son Fergal 's grave, Fergal's gravestone is discovered to be vandalized. After cleaning it, Paddy installs a CCTV camera in a nearby tree and watches the grave from his laptop, where after some time, a beautiful woman appears to stop at Fergal's grave, look up at the camera and walk off. Paddy watches the short CCTV clip over and over again in intrigue, then begins to regularly visit his son's grave. By chance, he eventually meets the woman, Maureen , in the flesh, and looks immensely happy to be with her. [PAR] Paddy then wakes up on the day of his anniversary, in an upstairs bedroom on a bed, with his arms and legs securely tied to each bedpost. Initially, he thinks it's Maureen being kinky, but as the reality sinks in that he isn't going to be let go, he is overcome with anxiety. After some hours pass, Maureen turns on a video of her young daughter in a school play, who she reveals recently died of a heroin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henna Hand Designs Art Lesson: Make a Unique Self-Portrait ... Henna Hand Designs Art Lesson: Make a Unique Self-Portrait \u2014 Art is Fun [PAR] Art is Fun [PAR] henna hand designs art lesson [PAR] This Henna Hand Designs Art Lesson shows you how to create a unique and unusual self-portrait of your hands! It's a great art project for kids, because it allows them to learn about: [PAR] other cultures [PAR] the role of pattern in abstract art [PAR] how to create abstract patterns [PAR] how to express themselves in a symbolic way [PAR] It's also a fun art project for adults for the exact same reasons! [PAR] First I'll give you a bit of background info about henna, and then launch into the art project. [PAR] What is henna? [PAR] Henna is a plant that has been used as a dye since the Bronze Ages, primarily in the Eastern Mediterranean region encompassing Northern Africa, Italy, Spain, and the Middle East. It was also widely used in India, where it is still a popular form of temporary body art to this day. [PAR] How is henna used? [PAR] To create a dye for the skin, the henna plant is grounded into a paste with a few other ingredients, which is then applied to the body using a cone-shaped funnel. The henna must stay undisturbed on the skin for several hours to properly stain the skin, and then it is washed off. Henna designs can last for days or months. [PAR] In India, henna designs on skin are called mehndi. [PAR] Henna being applied to a tourist in Rishikesh, India. Photo Credit: McKay Savage [PAR] Why do people decorate their skin with henna? [PAR] In many cultures, women have henna decorations applied to their hands and feet for festivals and celebrations. Before a wedding, a bride will have elaborate henna designs drawn onto her hands, arms and sometimes feet. In some regions, the groom will be decorated as well. [PAR] Henna on the hands of a bride. Photo Credit: Marian [PAR] Henna decorations have also become popular in the United States, Canada, Europe and Australia, where it takes the form of a \"temporary tattoo\". [PAR] Henna Hand Designs Art Project [PAR] In this art project, you'll trace an outline of your hand(s) onto paper and then decorate them with henna designs! This is less messy than trying to apply actual henna on your (or your students') hands, and it allows you to create something that you can keep forever. [PAR] (If you want to draw directly on your hands, check out my 128-page book, The Everything Girls Ultimate Body Art Book , which features over 50 step-by-step lessons that you can draw on yourself or your friends!) [PAR] If you're a teacher, start by showing your students photos of hands decorated with henna, like the ones on this page. Give them a bit of background info about the origins of henna, as well as how and why it's used today. [PAR] Materials Needed: [PAR] Pen or marker [PAR] Paper [PAR] (As you can see, not that many materials are needed, which is partly why this makes a great classroom project!) [PAR] Tracing your hand [PAR] The first step is to trace your hand onto the paper. I recommend using a pencil to outline your hand first, so that you can erase any mistakes. Then go over the outline with a pen or marker. [PAR] Tip: Be sure to spread your fingers far enough apart so that you can easily get the pencil in between your fingers. [PAR] Now you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 101 Best Slogans List - Meaningful Slogans | Brand Names 101 Best Slogans List [PAR] 101 Best Slogans List [PAR] A List of 101 Great Corporate, Company, Product and Service Slogans and Taglines to Inspire You to Branding Greatness [PAR] The greatest slogans and taglines of all time? Let\u2019s just say it\u2019s a slogan list of 101 clever, catchy, memorable ideas going back several decades. You\u2019ll find a list of some of the most powerful advertising slogans and taglines in history included here. [PAR] 7 Up \u2013 The Un-cola [PAR] ABC\u2019s Wide World of Sports \u2013 The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat [PAR] Adidas \u2013 impossible is nothing [PAR] Alka Seltzer \u2013 I can\u2019t believe I ate the whole thing [PAR] Allstate \u2013 You\u2019re in good hands with Allstate (Allstate) [PAR] American Express \u2013 Don\u2019t leave home without it [PAR] Apple \u2013 Think Different [PAR] AT&T \u2013 Reach out and touch someone [PAR] Avis \u2013 We try harder. [PAR] Beef Council \u2013 Beef. It\u2019s what\u2019s for dinner [PAR] BMW \u2013 The Ultimate Driving Machine [PAR] Bounty \u2013 The quicker picker-upper [PAR] Brylcreem \u2013 A little dab\u2019ll do ya [PAR] Budweiser \u2013 The king of beers [PAR] Budweiser \u2013 This Bud\u2019s For You [PAR] Burger King \u2013 Have it your way [PAR] California Milk Processor Board \u2013 Got Milk? [PAR] Campbell\u2019s Soup \u2013 M\u2019m! M\u2019m! Good! [PAR] Capital One \u2013 What\u2019s in your wallet? [PAR] Champale Malt Liquor \u2013 Champale Makes You Feel Special, Every Day [PAR] Charmin Toilet Paper \u2013 Please Don\u2019t Squeeze the Charmin [PAR] Chevrolet \u2013 See the USA in your Chevrolet [PAR] Chevrolet \u2013 The Heartbeat of America [PAR] Citibank \u2013 The Citi never sleeps [PAR] Clairol \u2013 Does she or doesn\u2019t she? [PAR] Coca Cola \u2013 Have a Coke [PAR] Coca Cola \u2013 It\u2019s the real thing [PAR] Coca Cola \u2013 Open happiness [PAR] Colt 45 Malt Liquour: It Works Every Time [PAR] Crest Toothpaste \u2013 Look, Ma, no cavities! [PAR] DeBeers \u2013 A diamond is forever [PAR] Disney Land \u2013 The happiest place on earth [PAR] E.F. Hutton \u2013 When E.F. Hutton talks, people listen [PAR] Energizer Batteries \u2013 It keeps going... and going... and going [PAR] Fed-X \u2013 When it absolutely, positively has to be there overnight [PAR] Fiat Strada \u2013 Hand built by robots [PAR] Forbes Magazine \u2013 Capitalist Tool [PAR] FTD \u2013 Say It With Flowers [PAR] Future Shop \u2013 See what the future has in store [PAR] Gatorade \u2013 Is it in you? [PAR] Geico \u2013 So Easy a Caveman Can Do It [PAR] General Electric \u2013 We bring good things to life (GE) [PAR] Greyhound \u2013 Leave the driving to us [PAR] Grey Poupon \u2013 Pardon me, do you have any Grey Poupon? [PAR] Haig Scotch Whiskey \u2013 Don\u2019t be vague. Ask for Haig. [PAR] Hallmark \u2013 When you care enough to send the very best [PAR] Hertz \u2013 Let Hertz Put You In the Driver\u2019s Seat [PAR] Intel \u2013 Intel inside [PAR] Ivory Soap \u2013 99 and 44/100% pure [PAR] John Deere \u2013 Nothing runs like a Deere [PAR] Kay Jewelers \u2013 Every kiss begins with Kay [PAR] Kentucky Fried Chicken \u2013 Finger lickin\u2019 good [PAR] Lexus \u2013 The relentless pursuit of perfection [PAR] Levy\u2019s Rye Bread \u2013 You don\u2019t have to be Jewish to love Levy\u2019s Rye Bread [PAR] L\u2019Oreal \u2013 Because I\u2019m worth it [PAR] Lay\u2019s Potato Chips \u2013 Betcha can\u2019t eat just one [PAR] M&Ms \u2013 Melts in your mouth, not in your hands [PAR] MasterCard \u2013 There are some things money can\u2019t buy, for everything else there\u2019s MasterCard [PAR] Maxwell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The REAL King Solomon's mines - but will the mystery end ... The REAL King Solomon's mines - but will the mystery end here? | Daily Mail Online [PAR] The REAL King Solomon's mines - but will the mystery end here? [PAR] comments [PAR] The galleys arrived off the scorching shores of Palestine, loaded with fabulous treasures for a legendary king. [PAR] As the banks of rowers glided their vessels into the harbour, slaves rushed to the dockside to unload the precious cargo - silver, sweet-smelling sandalwood, wine, ivory, apes and peacocks. But the most important gift of all was gold. [PAR] Gold fires the imagination. It does so today, hoarded as security in our troubled times, and it did 3,000 years ago, when King Solomon, the ruler of Israel, accumulated it in abundance. The evidence is in the Bible. The Old Testament tells us he was the possessor of 'gold according to all his desire'. [PAR] Treasure hunt: The 1950 film King Solomon's Mines won several Oscars [PAR] And his desire was great. His drinking cups were made of it; he had 300 shields beaten from it. His great throne in Jerusalem was ivory 'overlaid with the best gold', and on steps leading up to it stood 12 golden lions facing 12 golden eagles. [PAR] A seven-branched candelabra of gold hung above his royal seat. The walls of the Temple he built to house the Ark of the Covenant were adorned with it, too. Centuries later, 'Solomon in all his glory' would become St Matthew's yardstick for riches untold and magnificence unsurpassed. He was a real King Midas. [PAR] Where did this wealth come from? The Bible tells us that, too. Solomon's servants, it says, went to Ophir 'and fetched from thence gold, 420 talents' - roughly 20 tons. But that is where the clues stop and the trail goes cold. The location of Ophir, it seems, was meant to remain a mystery. [PAR] Out of this mystery grew a tale that obsessed the ancient Greeks, Renaissance adventurers and Victorian explorers and, with its aura of romance and greed, still has the power to draw us in today. Indeed, the search for King Solomon's mines is as timeless as that for the Holy Grail. [PAR] The astronomer and geographer Ptolemy calculated that Ophir was located in what today is Pakistan, at the mouth of the Indus river. Alternatively, he placed it near the Straits of Malacca, between Malaysia and Indonesia. [PAR] The story has inspired countless explorers to hunt for a legendary golden treasure trove [PAR] A Portuguese explorer of the 15th century, meanwhile, claimed it was in the Shona lands of Zimbabwe in Africa, a link embraced by the English poet John Milton in his epic poem Paradise Lost. [PAR] Either way, the prospect of boundless booty inspired ambitious men to set sail into vast and dangerous oceans and stretch the limits of the known world. Christopher Columbus believed he had found Ophir in Haiti, and Sir Walter Raleigh in the jungles of Surinam. [PAR] In 1568 a Spanish captain discovered an archipelago in the Pacific and named them the Solomon Islands because he believed they were Ophir. [PAR] Just over a century ago, the Victorians were captivated by a tale of British grit, ancient curses, African warriors and black magic, all suffused with the glamour of diamonds and gold. [PAR] Henry Rider Haggard's best-selling book King Solomon's Mines caught the mood of the moment and set pulses racing for a generation of imperial wannabes intent on opening up previously untracked swathes of the world. It"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ranunculus acris, Meadow Buttercup: identification ... Ranunculus acris, Meadow Buttercup: identification, distribution, habitat [PAR] Family: Ranunculaceae [PAR] Who is not stopped in their tracks by the sight of a beautiful buttercup meadow? Children today still play the game of finding out if their playmates like butter by holding a buttercup flower under their chin; if the golden yellow is reflected on the skin, the answer is 'Yes!' [PAR] Identification [PAR] One of the best known of wildflowers, the Meadow Buttercup is tall and stately, and quite the perfect yellow for playing 'Do you like butter?' [PAR] Meadow Buttercup usually grows to a height of about 75cm but can reach a metre or more. This hairy perennial has toothed, palmate lower leaves and a few lanceolate leaves at flower stalk junctions. Flowers are borne singly on unfurrowed stalks branching from stems, with a terminal flower on a stem rather longer than the others. Each flower usually has five rounded sepals - there are no true petals, but most people use the term petals when describing these flowers - forming a shallow cup 1.5 to 2.5cm across that gradually flattens out. Seeds are produced in star-like achenes (segmented seed pods). [PAR] Distribution [PAR] Widespread and common throughout Britain, Ireland and most of northern and central mainland Europe, Ranunculus acris is also native to parts of asia. This buttercup is also present in Australia, New Zealand and North America. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] It's in the common name, of course: these are wildflowers of damp permanent-pasture meadows, but they can also produce impressive stands on grassy roadside verges. [PAR] Blooming Times [PAR] Ranunculus acris blooms in Britain and Ireland from April until October and is generally at its best from May to July. [PAR] Uses [PAR] Buttercups contains an irritant latex that can cause very unpleasant reactions in farm animals and in people. The acrid taste of Meadow Buttercups (and indeed to a degree nearly all common buttercup species except the Goldilocks Buttercup Ranunculus auricomus) seems to be sufficient deterrent, as there have been only a few cases of serious poisoning. [PAR] There is a risk to farm animals if they are left too long in a buttercup meadow, because when there is no grass left they might have to settle for buttercups, and become very 'unsettled' as a result. Despite these safety concerns, buttercups are sometimes used in herbal treatments for arthritis, bronchitis and several other ailments. (We strongly advise against eating or using as medicines any plants without first obtaining qualified professional advice.) [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The genus name Ranunculus comes from the Latin rana, meaning frog, while the suffix -culus indicates the diminutive form - hence Ranunculus means 'little frog'. The most likely explanation is that both frogs and Ranunculus wildflower species are usually found in damp places. The specific epithet acris means bitter tasting (as in acrid). Folklore has it that, because of the yellow of the buttercups, cows grazing in buttercup-richmeadows provided the finest butter. [PAR] Similar Species [PAR] There are many other buttercup species. Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens is often found in lawns and gardens, while the bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus is another farmland species. [PAR] The pictures of Meadow Buttercup shown on this page were taken in West Wales and in Somerset during May. [PAR] We hope that you have found this information helpful. If so we are sure you would find our books Wonderful Wildflowers of Wales, vols 1 to 4, by Sue Parker and Pat O'Reilly very useful too. Buy copies here..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Rastafari: Rastafari at a glance BBC - Religions - Rastafari: Rastafari at a glance [PAR] Rastafari at a glance [PAR] This page provides an overview of the Rastafari movement including statistics, practices and history. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Rastafari at a glance [PAR] Rastafari is a young, Africa-centred religion which developed in Jamaica in the 1930s, following the coronation of Haile Selassie I as King of Ethiopia in 1930. [PAR] Rastafarians believe Haile Selassie is God and that he will return to Africa members of the black community who are living in exile as the result of colonisation and the slave trade. [PAR] Rastafari theology developed from the ideas of Marcus Garvey , a political activist who wanted to improve the status of fellow blacks. [PAR] There are approximately one million world wide adherents of Rastafari as a faith. The 2001 census found 5,000 Rastafarians living in England and Wales. [PAR] Followers of Rastafari are known by a variety of names: Rastafarians, Rastas, Sufferers, Locksmen, Dreads or Dreadlocks. [PAR] It spread globally following the success of Bob Marley and his music in the 1970s [PAR] Rastafarians believe that blacks are the chosen people of God , but that through colonisation and the slave trade their role has been suppressed [PAR] The movement's greatest concerns are the repatriation of blacks to their homeland, Africa, and the reinstatement of blacks' position in society [PAR] It is an exocentric religion - as Haile Selassie, whom adherents consider as God, is outside the religion [PAR] Rastafari religious ceremonies consist of chanting, drumming and meditating in order to reach a state of heightened spirituality [PAR] Rastafarian religious practice includes the ritual inhalation of marijuana , to increase their spiritual awareness [PAR] Rastafarians follow strict dietary laws and abstain from alcohol. [PAR] Rastafarians follow a number of Old Testament Laws [PAR] There is a separate code of religious practice for women in Rastafari [PAR] Rastafarians believe reincarnation follows death and that life is eternal [PAR] Rastafarians are forbidden to cut their hair; instead, they grow it and twist it into dreadlocks [PAR] Rastafarians eat clean and natural produce, such as fruit and vegetables [PAR] Rastafarians try to refrain from the consumption of meat, especially pork [PAR] Rastafarians are opposed to abortion and contraception [PAR] Rastafarian colours [PAR] The Rastafarian colours are red, green and gold. Sometimes black is added. These colours are chosen because: [PAR] Red signifies the blood of those killed for the cause of the black community, throughout Jamaican history [PAR] Green represents Jamaica's vegetation and hope for the eradication of suppression [PAR] Gold symbolises the wealth of Ethiopia [PAR] Black signifies the colour of the Africans who initiated Rastafari [PAR] The Rastafarian symbol [PAR] The lion is the symbol of Rastafari. [PAR] This lion represents Haile Selassie I, who is referred to as the 'Conquering Lion of Judah'. Rastafarians' dreadlocks represent the lion's mane.[DOC] [TLE] Rasta Lion of Judah - Rasta Seed Lion of Judah [PAR] Mar [PAR] Lion of Judah [PAR] Lion of Judah in the Rastafarian livity is the emblem or symbol of Ras Tafari, otherwise known as former Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie . According to Rastafarian way, Selassie was the Messiah, the second coming of Christ referenced in the Book of Revelation : [PAR] \u201cthe hair of whose head was like wool, whose feet were like unto burning brass. \u201c [PAR] Taken from the heraldic symbol of the biblical Tribe of Judah (from which Selassie is believed to have descended), the lion represents to Rastafarians Selassie as the \u201cKing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert inches to miles - Conversion of Measurement Units Convert inches to miles - Conversion of Measurement Units [PAR] \u203a\u203a More information from the unit converter [PAR] How many inches in 1 miles? The answer is 63360. [PAR] We assume you are converting between inch and mile. [PAR] You can view more details on each measurement unit: [PAR] The SI base unit for length is the metre. [PAR] 1 metre is equal to 39.3700787402 inches, or 0.000621371192237 miles. [PAR] Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. [PAR] Use this page to learn how to convert between inches and miles. [PAR] Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units! [PAR] \u203a\u203a Want other units? [PAR] You can do the reverse unit conversion from miles to inches , or enter any two units below: [PAR] Enter two units to convert [PAR] From: [PAR] I'm feeling lucky, show me some random units . [PAR] \u203a\u203a Definition: Inch [PAR] An inch is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, and United States customary units. There are 36 inches in a yard and 12 inches in a foot. The inch is usually the universal unit of measurement in the United States, and is widely used in the United Kingdom, and Canada, despite the introduction of metric to the latter two in the 1960s and 1970s, respectively. The inch is still commonly used informally, although somewhat less, in other Commonwealth nations such as Australia; an example being the long standing tradition of measuring the height of newborn children in inches rather than centimetres. The international inch is defined to be equal to 25.4 millimeters. [PAR] \u203a\u203a Definition: Mile [PAR] A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. Today, one mile is mainly equal to about 1609 m on land and 1852 m at sea and in the air, but see below for the details. The abbreviation for mile is 'mi'. There are more specific definitions of 'mile' such as the metric mile, statute mile, nautical mile, and survey mile. On this site, we assume that if you only specify 'mile' you want the statute mile. [PAR] \u203a\u203a Metric conversions and more [PAR] ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3\", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Dunwoody, retired National Hunt racing jockey ... Richard Dunwoody, retired National Hunt racing jockey talks of his laser eye surgery - YouTube [PAR] Richard Dunwoody, retired National Hunt racing jockey talks of his laser eye surgery [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 20, 2013 [PAR] Richard Dunwoody was a three-time Champion Jockey, riding 1699 British winners in his career. He won the King George V1 Chase four times, twice on Desert Orchid in 1989 and 1990. He also won the Grand National in 1986 and 1994 and the Cheltenham Gold Cup in 1988. [PAR] Today Richards passion is photography and travel. His outstanding photographic work captures the essence of the moment, and use of light and focus draw the viewer into the image. [PAR] Richard had lost good distance vision and needed help with it for his photography. Accuvision recommended a treatment plan that would strengthen his left eye. The results speak for themselves after only a week following the surgery. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Tony McCoy and Richard Johnson share enduring rivalry BBC Sport - Horse Racing - Tony McCoy and Richard Johnson share enduring rivalry [PAR] Tony McCoy and Richard Johnson share enduring rivalry [PAR] McCoy and Johnson have been doing battle for more than a decade [PAR] By Frank Keogh [PAR] For every champion there is a runner-up. Some have the burden of being a perpetual second because the person in front is a relentless winner. [PAR] Yet as Tony McCoy is crowned top jump jockey for the 16th year in a row at Sandown on Saturday, there will be little jealousy or resentment from Richard Johnson, the rider who has finished runner-up 13 times. [PAR] Aside from McCoy, the Englishman has secured more National Hunt winners - over 2,200 of them - than any rider in the history of horse racing. [PAR] The championship (determined by the number of victories in a season) has eluded him so far, largely because of his uniquely single-minded and determined rival. [PAR] Despite boasting 1,000 career winners more than his closest challenger, record-breaking McCoy wants to set marks that may never be beaten in his lifetime. [PAR] \"What he's achieved has been amazing. He has completely rewritten what we thought was achievable in a season, and a career,\" Johnson tells me. [PAR] \"Whether it's a Monday, a Saturday or a Festival, he's hungry and consistent every day. [PAR] \"He rarely makes mistakes - you would struggle to think of one. He is a machine who turns out winners. He seems to get it right all the time. [PAR] \"He has very few flaws in his riding and personality. What he has achieved is amazing, and great for the sport.\" [PAR] BBC Sports Personality of the Year McCoy, who turns 37 next month, is driven by an insatiable thirst for victory. [PAR] When he won his first championship in 1996, the Mark Morrison track Return of the Mack topped the UK singles chart, and there has been no looking back for McCoy. [PAR] The Northern Irishman has ridden more than 3,200 winners in his career and, privately, might have the once unthinkable figure of 4,000 as his next target. [PAR] His total of 289 wins in the 2002 season"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No Fear Shakespeare: The Tempest: Characters - SparkNotes No Fear Shakespeare: The Tempest: Characters [PAR] No Fear Shakespeare [PAR] Act 1, Scene 1 [PAR] Prospero [PAR] The play\u2019s protagonist and Miranda\u2019s father. Twelve years before the events of the play, Prospero was the duke of Milan. His brother, Antonio, in concert with Alonso, king of Naples, usurped him, forcing him to flee in a boat with his daughter. The honest lord Gonzalo aided Prospero in his escape. Prospero has spent his twelve years on an island refining the magic that gives him the power he needs to punish and reconcile with his enemies. [PAR] Miranda [PAR] Prospero\u2019s daughter, whom he brought with him to the island when she was still a small child. Miranda has never seen any men other than her father and Caliban, although she dimly remembers being cared for by female servants as an infant. Because she has been sealed off from the world for so long, Miranda\u2019s perceptions of other people tend to be na\u00efve and non-judgmental. She is compassionate, generous, and loyal to her father. [PAR] Ariel [PAR] Prospero\u2019s spirit helper, a powerful supernatural being whom Prospero controls completely. Rescued by Prospero from a long imprisonment (within a tree) at the hands of the witch Sycorax, Ariel is Prospero\u2019s servant until Prospero decides to release him. He is mischievous and ubiquitous, able to traverse the length of the island in an instant and change shapes at will. Ariel carries out virtually every task Prospero needs accomplished in the play. [PAR] Caliban [PAR] Another of Prospero\u2019s servants. Caliban, the son of the now-deceased witch Sycorax, acquainted Prospero with the island when Prospero arrived. Caliban believes that the island rightfully belongs to him and that Prospero stole it. Caliban\u2019s speech and behavior is sometimes coarse and brutal, sometimes eloquent and sensitive, as in his rebukes of Prospero in Act 1, scene 2, and in his description of the eerie beauty of the island. [PAR] Ferdinand [PAR] Son and heir of Alonso. Ferdinand seems in some ways to be as pure and na\u00efve as Miranda. He falls in love with her upon first sight and happily submits to servitude in order to win Prospero\u2019s approval. [PAR] Alonso [PAR] King of Naples and father of Ferdinand. Alonso aided Antonio in unseating Prospero as duke of Milan twelve years before. Over the course of the play, Alonso comes to regret his past actions and desire a reconciliation with Prospero. [PAR] Antonio [PAR] Prospero\u2019s thoroughly wicked brother who betrayed Prospero\u2019s trust and stole his dukedom years before the play begins. Once on the island, Antonio wastes no time demonstrating that he is still power-hungry and murderous, persuading Sebastian to help him kill Alonso. Though Prospero forgives him at the end of the play, Antonio never repents for his misdeeds. [PAR] Sebastian [PAR] Alonso\u2019s brother. Like Antonio, Sebastian is wicked and underhanded. Antonio easily persuades him to agree to kill Alonso. Also like Antonio, Sebastian is unrepentant at the end of the play. [PAR] Gonzalo [PAR] An old, honest lord. The goodhearted Gonzalo helped Prospero and Miranda to escape and survive after Antonio usurped Prospero\u2019s title. During the play, Gonzalo does his best to cheer up the despondent Alonso, maintains an optimistic outlook on the island where they\u2019re standed, and remains unfazed by the insulting taunts of Antonio and Sebastian. [PAR] Trinculo and Stefano [PAR] Two minor members of the shipwrecked party. Trinculo, a jester, and Stefano, a drunken butler, provide a comic foil to the other, more powerful pairs of Prospero and Alonso and Antonio and Sebastian. Their drunken"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Introduction to freezing - Food and Agriculture Organization Freezing of fruits and vegetables [PAR] Introduction to freezing [PAR] Freezing is one of the oldest and most widely used methods of food preservation, which allows preservation of taste, texture, and nutritional value in foods better than any other method. The freezing process is a combination of the beneficial effects of low temperatures at which microorganisms cannot grow, chemical reactions are reduced, and cellular metabolic reactions are delayed (Delgado and Sun, 2000). [PAR] 1.1 The importance of freezing as a preservation method [PAR] Freezing preservation retains the quality of agricultural products over long storage periods. As a method of long-term preservation for fruits and vegetables, freezing is generally regarded as superior to canning and dehydration, with respect to retention in sensory attributes and nutritive properties (Fennema, 1977). The safety and nutrition quality of frozen products are emphasized when high quality raw materials are used, good manufacturing practices are employed in the preservation process, and the products are kept in accordance with specified temperatures. [PAR] The need for freezing and frozen storage [PAR] Freezing has been successfully employed for the long-term preservation of many foods, providing a significantly extended shelf life. The process involves lowering the product temperature generally to -18 \u00b0C or below (Fennema et al., 1973). The physical state of food material is changed when energy is removed by cooling below freezing temperature. The extreme cold simply retards the growth of microorganisms and slows down the chemical changes that affect quality or cause food to spoil (George, 1993). [PAR] Competing with new technologies of minimal processing of foods, industrial freezing is the most satisfactory method for preserving quality during long storage periods (Arthey, 1993). When compared in terms of energy use, cost, and product quality, freezing requires the shortest processing time. Any other conventional method of preservation focused on fruits and vegetables, including dehydration and canning, requires less energy when compared with energy consumption in the freezing process and storage. However, when the overall cost is estimated, freezing costs can be kept as low (or lower) as any other method of food preservation (Harris and Kramer, 1975). [PAR] Current status of frozen food industry in U.S. and other countries [PAR] The frozen food market is one of the largest and most dynamic sectors of the food industry. In spite of considerable competition between the frozen food industry and other sectors, extensive quantities of frozen foods are being consumed all over the world. The industry has recently grown to a value of over US$ 75 billion in the U.S. and Europe combined. This number has reached US$ 27.3 billion in 2001 for total retail sales of frozen foods in the U.S. alone (AFFI, 2003). In Europe, based on U.S. currency, frozen food consumption also reached 11.1 million tons in 13 countries in the year 2000 (Quick Frozen Foods International, 2000). Table 1 represents the division of frozen food industry in terms of annual sales in 2001. [PAR] Advantages of freezing technology in developing countries [PAR] Developed countries, mostly the U.S., dominate the international trade of fruits and vegetables. The U.S. is ranked number one as both importer and exporter, accounting for the highest percent of fresh produce in world trade. However, many developing countries still lead in the export of fresh exotic fruits and vegetables to developed countries (Mallett, 1993). [PAR] For developing countries, the application of freezing preservation is favorable with several main considerations. From a technical point of view, the freezing process is one of the most convenient and easiest of food preservation methods, compared with other commercial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hindenburg explodes in New Jersey - May 06, 1937 - HISTORY.com Hindenburg explodes in New Jersey - May 06, 1937 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Hindenburg explodes in New Jersey [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Hindenburg explodes in New Jersey [PAR] Author [PAR] Hindenburg explodes in New Jersey [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1937, the German airship Hindenburg, the largest dirigible ever built, explodes as it arrives in Lakehurst, New Jersey . Thirty-six people died in the fiery accident that has since become iconic, in part because of the live radio broadcast of the disaster. [PAR] The dirigible was built to be the fastest, largest and most luxurious flying vessel of its time. It was more than 800 feet long, had a range of 8,000 miles, could carry 97 passengers and had a state-of-the-art Mercedes-Benz engine. It was filled with 7 million cubic feet of hydrogen, even though helium was known to be far safer, because it made the flying ship more maneuverable. [PAR] The Hindenburg had made 10 successful ocean crossings the year before and was held up by Germany\u2019s Nazi government as a symbol of national pride. Flying at a speed of 85 miles per hour, the Hindenburg was scheduled to arrive in New Jersey at 5 a.m. on May 6. However, weather conditions pushed the arrival back to the late afternoon and then rain further delayed the docking at Lakehurst. When the dirigible was finally cleared to dock, Captain Max Pruss brought the ship in too fast and had to order a reverse engine thrust. At 7:20 p.m., a gas leak was noticed. Within minutes, the tail blew up, sending flames hundreds of feet in the air and as far down as the ground below. [PAR] A chain reaction caused the entire vessel to burn instantly. The nearly 1,000 spectators awaiting the Hindenburg\u2018s arrival felt the heat from a mile away. Some on the blimp attempted to jump for the landing cables at the docking station but most died when they missed. Others waited to jump until the blimp was closer to the ground as it fell. Those who were not critically injured from burns often suffered broken bones from the jump. Fifty-six people managed to survive. [PAR] On WLS radio, announcer Herbert Morrison gave an unforgettably harrowing live account of the disaster, \u201cOh, oh, oh. It\u2019s burst into flames. Get out of the way, please . . . this is terrible . . . it\u2019s burning, bursting into flames, and is falling . . . Oh! This is one of the worst . . . it\u2019s a terrific sight . . .oh, the humanity.\u201d [PAR] More on This Topic[DOC] [TLE] The Hindenburg on Pinterest | New Jersey, Flight Schedule ... 1000+ images about The Hindenburg on Pinterest | New jersey, Flight schedule and Daily news [PAR] May 6, 1937: German airship \"Hindenburg\", the largest dirigible ever built, explodes as it arrives in Lakehurst, New Jersey [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Hammer - Private Investigator / Detective Mike Hammer - Private Investigator / Detective [PAR] Mike Hammer [PAR] [PAR] Mike Hammer [PAR] Hammer series is one of the highly appreciated series in the category of private eye detectives and he is famous with the name Mike Hammer. Mike Hammer is actually a fictional character created by Mickey Spillane. Mike Hammer or Michael Hammer was introduced by the American Author in the year 1947 in his famous series \u00e2\u0080\u009cI, The Jury\u00e2\u0080\u009d inspired by the former Newburgh, new York law enforcement officer Jack Stang. [PAR] The character was very well appreciated by the readers and so it was also brought up in a movie, as well. Not just a movie, but Mike Hammer was initiated on radio and television, as well to raise the character popularity. Stacy Keach portrayed Mike Hammer in a television series named as \u00e2\u0080\u009cMickey Spillane\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Mike Hammer\u00e2\u0080\u009d which was aired from the year 1984 to 1987. [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Mike Hammer is a tough guy to handle and usually resolves the matters violently, but one thing that he sticks to every time is not being a kind to manipulate the law. Usually, the fictional characters are shown being tied with the law, especially while chasing criminals or while getting any evidence that can link them to the case. Mike Hammer respects the law, but he has his own way of solving the cases and then infiltrating into the case deeply so as to grab hold of the criminals. This way is generally not accepted by other fictional private detectives and this is what makes Mike Hammer a well accepted private detective character. [PAR] Mike Hammer always carries a handgun under his left side of the shoulder. This handgun is .45 Colt M1911 which the anti communist and nationalistic character calls Betsy. Mike has a best friend named Pat Chambers who is actually the Captain of Homicide and a secretary Welda who loves the way Mike exterminates the criminals. [PAR] Radio and Television Series [PAR] With the increasing popularity of the character Mike Hammer, a radio series was written by Ed Adamson. This series was aired from January to October, 1953 and was greatly cherished by listeners. The title of the series was \u00e2\u0080\u009cThat Hammer Guy\u00e2\u0080\u009d starring Larry Haines as Mike Hammer and Jan Miner in the female voice. The show was directed by Richard Lewis and became one of the most appreciated series on radio. [PAR] Similarly, the television series was also commenced with the name \u00e2\u0080\u009cMickey Spillane\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Mike Hammer\u00e2\u0080\u009d, but these series were developed starring Darren McGavin from 1958 to 1960 and then Stacy Keach from January 1984 to June 1998. [PAR] Novels and Movies [PAR] Mickey Spillane\u00e2\u0080\u0099s character Mike Hammer was initiated in different novels on which movies were also featured. Some of these novels include I, The Jury, My Gun is Quick, The big Kill, One lonely night, Black Alley, Survival Zero, The snake, The Twisted Thing and The Goliath Bone to name a few. Based on these novels, several movies were also filmed like I, The Jury, Kiss me Deadly, Margin for Murder and Come Die with me starring Biff Elliot, Ralph Meeker, Kevin Dobson and Rob Estes, respectively. A comic strip was also introduced for the lovers of Hammer series and this way, the character increased its popularity among the viewers, readers and listeners."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Athena, Arachne and the Weaving Contest - Greek gods Greek Stories about Athena-Athena, Arachne and the Weaving Contest [PAR] Athena, Arachne and the Weaving Contest [PAR] Athena, Arachne and the Weaving Contest [PAR] In a small town of Ledia, in Northern Greece, there once lived a beautiful maid with the name Arachne. Arachne was famous in town for being a very skillful weaver and spinner and every day many girls and nymphs were stopping by to see her weave. [PAR] However, Arachne was a very vain girl and couldn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t stop boasting about her talent. She claimed that she had learned the skill all by herself and that there was no one else in the world who could weave as delicately as her... she even felt that she could compete against Athena , the goddess of skill, and win her with ease. [PAR] When Athena heard these words, she got disappointed and decided to disguise as an old lady and appear in front of Arachne. [PAR] \"My dear\", she told Arachne, \"I am old and have much life experience, so let me give you one advice: don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t ever mess up with a goddess! No mortal can compete against Athena. Take back your words and kindly ask for forgiveness...\" [PAR] Arachne got furious and threw the thread against the old woman, telling her: [PAR] \"I don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t need your advice, I know best what I can do! If Athena really dares, then she should come here and compete against me!\" [PAR] At that moment, the old woman transformed herself into the radiant goddess Athena. On her sight, everybody in the room kneeled down in awe- not so Arachne, who couldn't wait to compete against her. [PAR] Soon the competition started and both contestants were doing really well. Athena was weaving the Parthenon and her contest with god Poseidon. Arachne, on the other hand, was making fun of the gods by weaving scenes of gods full of weaknesses and fears. [PAR] Arachne\u00e2\u0080\u0099s work seemed to be perfect technically, yet it was not beautiful because it was showing disregard of the gods. When Athena saw this, she became very offended and told Arachne: [PAR] \"You may be foolish and stubborn, but you seem to love your work. So go ahead now and spin forever!\" [PAR] Immediately, Athena sprinkled her with the juice of magical herbs and the body of Arachne transformed into a small and ugly animal, which is known as the spider nowadays . [PAR] Since then, the spider is cursed to be trapped inside her own web, weaving constantly and endlessly... but having finally all her works destroyed by humans! [PAR] This story proves that the Greek gods and goddesses were subject to human emotion. [PAR] Search"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christmas traditions in Europe Christmas traditions in Europe [PAR] Christmas traditions in Europe [PAR] Christmas [PAR] [PAR] The origin and the name given to this celebration are different depending on the country. For exemple, for the French word No\u00ebl definitely comes from the Latin word natalis(birth). The masses of Christ, held by English evangelists in December, gave birth to the English word \"Christmas\". \"The Holy Night\" is translated in German as Weihnacht...Taking place in the last few days of December, this holiday is not celebrated in the same way in every country. There are many symbols attached to this holiday in Europe, and each country has kept its own identity and traditions, while enriching them with influences form various other sources. This diversity and richness prove the importance given by Europeans to the Christmas holiday. [PAR] Here are some exemples... [PAR] Advent, its crown and its calendar... [PAR] [PAR] Advent corresponds to the four-week period that precedes \"the arrival\"(adventus in Latin) of baby Jesus, that is Christmas. In certain parts of Germany, Advent begins on the 11th November, on Saint Martin's Day. Depending on the country, various saints (Saint Martin, Saint Catherine, Saint Eligius, Saint Barbe, Saint Nicholas or Saint Lucia) are honoured in a meaningful way during this period. These celebrations sometimes become more important than Christmas itself. [PAR] [PAR] The Advent Crown [PAR] The Advent Crown, made of woven fir branches and four candles, representing the four seasons of the year, appeared quite late in the Protestant regions of Germany. It reached Scandinavia before spreading to various other countries. The four candles are lit one by one, on each of the four Sundays before Christmas. [PAR] The Advent Calendar [PAR] The Advent Calendar is a tradition of German origin aimed to encourage children to be patient until Christmas. Thus, in order to feel that they have less time to wait, children are given an Advent Calendar at the beginning of December, which has twenty four little doors. Every evening, they open one door, the last one being opened on Christmas Eve, just before the arrival of Santa Claus. Originally, the closed doors hid pious images that have been replaced nowadays with sweets. The first Advent Calendar is thought to date back to 1851. [PAR] [PAR] The Christmas tree [PAR] [PAR] The evergreen Christmas tree, like ivy and holly, is the symbol of eternal life. This tradition is first mentioned in the 16th century, in Alsace; but as early as the 11th century, the houses seem to have been decorated with \"greenery taken from trees\". Very early on, the Christmas tree was covered with various decorations and candles to light it up when Christmas came. In Hungary for exemple, the tree is decorated with biscuits, sweets and chocolates, which can be eaten from December 24, making sure that the coloured wrappers are not removed, so as not to leave the tree bare. [PAR] In the 18th century, the Christmas tree reached the whole of Germany, and then spread to many other countries. However, certain countries, such as Italy and Spain, were long reluctant to adopt this tradition. [PAR] In Greece, the Christmas tree does not exist, but people grow a Christmas rose called Ellebore. [PAR] [PAR] The Christmas crib [PAR] [PAR] The Christmas crib, which reminds us of the Nativity, first appeared in Italy and underwent considerable development in other southern Catholic countries of Europe (Spain, Portugal) as well as in France and Southern Germany after the 13th century. In the Early Middle Ages, cribs were set up in churches and liturgical games (Nativity games) were organised"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jane Campion's Ode To Keats' Romantic Love : NPR Jane Campion's Ode To Keats' Romantic Love : NPR [PAR] Jane Campion's Ode To Keats' Romantic Love [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Jane Campion's Ode To Keats' Romantic Love [PAR] Jane Campion's Ode To Keats' Romantic Love [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Heard on All Things Considered [PAR] Truth and beauty: Bright Star director Jane Campion says she was drawn into John Keats' intense \u2014 and chaste \u2014 relationship after reading his letters to 18-year-old Fanny Brawne. The correspondence \"made you feel so intimate,\" she says. \"Right in the middle of what they were experiencing themselves.\" Apparition hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Hear More From The Interview [PAR] Campion on casting her dream poetry class. [PAR] Toggle more options [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/112856601/112974124\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\"> [PAR] Campion on how she wanted to make a film you could feel. [PAR] Toggle more options [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] <iframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/112856601/112974153\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\"> [PAR] Bright Star, the latest film by Oscar-winning director Jane Campion, chronicles the intense and tragic love story of British Romantic poet John Keats and 18-year-old Fanny Brawne. In some ways, it was an unlikely story for the director to tell. [PAR] \"I have to admit that I had a lot of problems with poetry,\" Campion tells Melissa Block. \"I used to feel kind of stupid that I didn't understand it properly.\" [PAR] But when she turned 50, the director decided it was time to learn more about verse. She picked up Keats, a biography by Andrew Motion, and was captivated by the \"funny and honest and thoughtful\" man she encountered. [PAR] As she read through the poet's letters, Campion says, she \"fell in love with the guy.\" From the letters, she moved on to Keats' poetry and was hooked. But it was the poet's intense \u2014 and chaste \u2014 relationship with Brawne that really captivated her imagination. [PAR] \"Their love letters existed, so it made you feel so intimate \u2014 right in the middle of what they were experiencing themselves,\" she says. [PAR] Campion describes the relationship between Keats and Brawne as being \"entwined together.\" At one point, Keats stayed in a room within the Brawne family home; in the film, Campion brings this scenario to life with a scene in which Brawne stands with her cheek pressed against one side of the wall, while Keats holds his hand against the other side. [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] \"The holiness of the heart's affections ...\" Campion describes John Keats (Ben Whishaw) and Fanny Brawne (Abby Cornish) as being \"entwined together.\" hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] \"The holiness of the heart's affections ...\" Campion describes John Keats (Ben Whishaw) and Fanny Brawne (Abby Cornish) as being \"entwined together.\" [PAR] \"I think the story touches me maybe because of the restraint that was placed upon [Keats and Brawne]. They got engaged finally, but they never did get married. ... I think it was interesting to me how intense and in love these two could be without having sex.\" [PAR] Campion says that she was careful not to burden the love story with extraneous romanticism \u2014 a task that sometimes required toning down the natural beauty of the British countryside. In one scene, the director found herself shooting amidst a sea of daffodils, but, she says, \"it looked corny, sort of Disney.\" So the crew stopped filming and \"everybody had to help pull out the daffodils.\" [PAR] Watch Clips [PAR] 'Keats And"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Second Battle of Ypres begins - Apr 22, 1915 - HISTORY.com Second Battle of Ypres begins - Apr 22, 1915 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Second Battle of Ypres begins [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Second Battle of Ypres begins [PAR] Author [PAR] Second Battle of Ypres begins [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1915, German forces shock Allied soldiers along the Western Front by firing more than 150 tons of lethal chlorine gas against two French colonial divisions at Ypres in Belgium. [PAR] Toxic smoke had been used occasionally in warfare since ancient times, and in 1912, the French used small amounts of tear gas in police operations. At the outbreak of World War I, however, the Germans began to actively develop chemical weapons. In October 1914, small tear-gas canisters were placed in shells that were fired at Neuve Chapelle, France, but Allied troops were not exposed. In January 1915, the Germans fired shells loaded with xylyl bromide, a more lethal gas, at Russian troops at Bolimov on the Eastern Front. Because of the wintry cold, most of the gas froze, but the Russians nonetheless reported more than 1,000 killed as a result of the new weapon. [PAR] On April 22, 1915, the Germans launched their first and only offensive of the year. Now referred to as the Second Battle of Ypres, the offensive began with the usual artillery bombardment of the enemy\u2019s line. When the shelling died down, the Allied defenders waited for the first wave of German attack troops but instead were thrown into panic when chlorine gas wafted across no-man\u2019s land and down into their trenches. The Germans targeted four miles of the front with the wind-blown poison gas, decimating two divisions of French and Algerian colonial troops. The Germans, perhaps as shocked as the Allies by the devastating effects of the poison gas, failed to take full advantage, and the Allies managed to hold most of their positions. [PAR] A second gas attack, against a Canadian division, on April 24, pushed the Allies further back, and, by May, they had retreated to the town of Ypres. The Second Battle of Ypres ended on May 25, with insignificant gains for the Germans. The introduction of poison gas, however, would have great significance in World War I. [PAR] Immediately after the German gas attack at Ypres, the French and British began developing their own chemical weapons and gas masks. With the Germans taking the lead, an extensive number of projectiles filled with deadly substances polluted the trenches during the next several years of war. Mustard gas, introduced by the Germans in 1917, blistered the skin, eyes and lungs, and killed thousands. Military strategists defended the use of poison gas by saying it reduced the enemy\u2019s ability to respond and thus saved lives in offensives. In reality, defenses against poison gas usually kept pace with offensive developments, and both sides employed sophisticated gas masks and protective clothing that eventually negated the strategic importance of chemical weapons. [PAR] The United States, which entered World War I in 1917, also developed and used chemical weapons. Future President Harry S. Truman was the captain of a U.S. field artillery unit that fired poison gas against the Germans in 1918. In all, more than 100,000 tons of chemical weapons agents were used in World War I, some 500,000 troops were injured from their use and almost 30,000 died, including 2,000 Americans. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] First World War.com - Battles - The Second Battle of Ypres ... First World War.com - Battles - The Second Battle of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pictured: The farm girl who inspired Thomas Hardy to write ... Pictured: The beautiful farm girl who inspired Thomas Hardy to write Tess of the D'urbervilles | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] The TV adaptation of Thomas Hardy's romantic saga Tess of the D'urbervilles is topping the ratings. And now a photograph of the the real-life inspiration for the central character is published for the first time. [PAR] Augusta Way was 'Tess Durbeyfield' of the novel. In the book, Tess was the eldest daughter in a poor, rural working family - a fresh, pretty country girl with a good heart and a sensitive soul. [PAR] The middle-aged woman pictured below with her husband, was just 18 when Hardy spotted her milking a cow on a Wessex farm. [PAR] Historic character: Augusta Way with her husband Arthur Bugler. Years before this picture was taken, Augusta helped inspire Thomas Hardy to pen Tess of the D'urbervilles when she was spotted milking a cow on a Wessex farm [PAR] He was so attracted to the beautiful teenager that he had her in mind three years later when he wrote his famous novel in 1891. [PAR] The full title was Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented. A four-part BBC adaptation starring Gemma Arterton as Tess started last night. [PAR] In another photo, Augusta is seen with her daughter Gertrude who was later chosen by Hardy to play Tess in a stage show 33 years after he wrote the book. [PAR] He selected her for the lead role in the production by the Hardy Players because she looked so much like her mother, who had inspired the character. [PAR] Her younger sister Norrie Woodhall, now 102, who has found the pictures, said Hardy described Gertrude as 'the impersonator of Tess'. [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] Happy family: Augusta, second right, at a picnic with her husband Albert and their daughters Norrie, left, and Gertrude. The daughters went on to star for the Thomas Hardy players, with Gertrude taking the lead as Tess in the play of the book because she looked like her mother [PAR] She said that the literary great wanted her to go on stage in London with him, but Hardy's wife Florence put an end to Gertrude's acting career due to jealousy. [PAR] She said: 'Thomas Hardy told us that he used to walk past our mother each day when she was milking. [PAR] 'She was a beautiful woman. He said himself that the memory must have entered his mind when he was creating the character of Tess. [PAR] 'So when we did the play years later he cast Gertrude in the role. [PAR] 'She must have been, for him, a reincarnation of the real Tess in our production. [PAR] 'Gertrude was very good and wanted to be an actress but Florence put a stop to that.' Hardy first spotted Augusta Way in 1888 when she was just 18. [PAR] The author, who was 48 at the time, regularly walked past her grandfather's dairy farm on his way to the Kingston Maurward estate near Dorchester, Dorset. [PAR] Star turn: Actress Gemma Arterton who plays Tess in the BBC 1 adaptation of Tess of the D'urbervilles which started last night. The four-part dramatisation has already attracted millions of viewers [PAR] Inspired: Author Thomas Hardy who wrote Tess of the D'urbervilles in 1891 [PAR] Then in 1891 he used his memory of Augusta milking cows when writing Tess. [PAR] Norrie, who is a member of the Hardy Players today, said: 'Hardy used to walk to Kingston Maurward as the lady"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types Of Hinges | Types Of Types Of Hinges | Types Of [PAR] April 1, 2013 by life [PAR] Types Of Hinges [PAR] What are the types of hinges? Hinges may seem irrelevant but they serve a great purpose especially in construction and production. Hinges are used to connect doors to their frames so that they can be opened and closed. Types of hinges differ in their sizes, weight, materials and use. Most especially to consider the size of the hinge to be use to have the perfect fit for the doors. Hinges are made from brass, steel and bronze. Brass hinges are the most expensive in the market because of its good quality. [PAR] Here are some types of hinges that you can easily avail and find in the market. [PAR] Butt Hinge [PAR] These types of hinges are commonly used and are the most affordable of all types. They have two metal plates, that is referred as the \u2018leafs\u2019 and they are connected with a steel pin. Its size is from 13mm to 150mm. When putting this type of hinge, its metal plates are usually recessed. The one metal plate is placed on the door and the other one is on the frame. [PAR] Barrel Hinge [PAR] This hinge consists of two parts. This is either joined by a steel pin or welded together. This type of hinge is installed to doors that are already assembled with pre- drilled holes on it. The threaded part of a barrel hinge is installed to the pre- drilled holes. It can also be easily dismantled. Barrel hinge is smaller compared to butt hinges and is seldom used. [PAR] Butterfly Hinge [PAR] As its name suggests, this hinge forms like a butterfly when the metal plates are opened. This is a decorative hinge that is commonly used on light doors. It is installed like the butt hinge and was popularly used for cabinet doors during the 17th and 18th century. [PAR] Flush Hinge [PAR] These types of hinges are not as durable as a butt hinge and are mostly used for light weight door and small boxes. But these hinges do not need to have a recessed surface. So you can easily install and fit this hinges. [PAR] Continuous Hinge [PAR] This is also called piano hinge that has two connected, long metal plates. This type of hinge was originally used for piano lids. Its length can reach up to one meter and are cut to desired lengths. This is used for doors that are used heavily like in schools and shopping malls. Its length adds to its durability and can last for a long time. [PAR] Concealed/ Invisible Hinge [PAR] This type of hinge is quite difficult to install especially for those who are inexperienced. This hinge is used so that it cannot be seen from the outside or when the door is closed. This is often used in cupboards. This hinge is expensive but very durable. [PAR] Double Action Hinge [PAR] This hinge is used for doors that are opened both ways. It is usually used in commercial buildings like restaurants and institutions like hospitals. It has internal spring that is closed when there is tension. [PAR] Pivot Hinge [PAR] This comes in pairs and is installed at the top and at the bottom of the door. The top pivot is fastened or connected to the frame or jamb and the bottom pivot is attached to the floor. This type of hinge is used for heavy or big doors."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] L`Interdit Givenchy perfume - a fragrance for women 1957 L`Interdit Givenchy perfume - a fragrance for women 1957 [PAR] TillyWave [PAR] Iris and Dark Powder Bomb [PAR] I find that L'Interdit is all iris, orris, powder, and dark woods. It belongs on the skin of women with lacquered hair, red nail polish, stockings, and white gloves. Not loud at all but reminiscent of older grooming products--powder, white bar soap, lipstick, hairspray on a style that was set at the beauty parlor yesterday, and a few drops of perfume, from a glass dabber bottle, pressed on pulse points. [PAR] I'm sure that the 20 mls of L'Interdit that I have have started to turn--I cannot detect any strawberry/peach/bergamot/fruit note at all (too bad!) and for a few minutes the floral notes have nailpolish edges. But the aldehyde topnotes are of the old fashioned skanky variety, I do understand the comparison to Chanel no 5, because it smells just like those bottles--skanky, musky, kind of off putting, but interesting if you hang in there because it doesn't last long. I am sure that these notes have aged in themselves, but still, aldehydes don't smell like this today. [PAR] This perfume really reminds me of Chanel Misia--it is so, so powdery, the violet is prominent, the iris and orris are very dark, and the other florals are faint whispers, and the sandalwood is STUNNING. Beautiful base. L'Interdit wears pretty close to the skin but has good longevity, 6+ hours. [PAR] Aug [PAR] 2016 [PAR] Chanel4Evah [PAR] Simply Exquisite! The Vintage 1.oz bottle I snagged for a Good price on eBay just arrived today and it is PURE LOVELINESS!!! Very much like No.5 to start, but it becomes less intense and prickly in the dry down, more Elegant and Smooth. No.5 is meant to GRAB your attention, L'interdit is meant to gently seduce your attention! It succeeds Blissfully so! Merveilleuse! [PAR] Aug [PAR] 2016 [PAR] Southern Blonde [PAR] Vintage miniature dab on bottle. A beautiful spring fragrance of innocence, charm and sweetness. This was made for Audrey Hepburn to wear and she wore it well. Unselfishly she allowed other women to experience this beauty and when it hit the fragrance market in the 50's and 60's it was immediately hailed as a successor to Chanel No. 5. It has a few things in common. This is a French perfume and it has aldehydes and roses but in my opinion it's sweeter, softer and more enjoyable. Also it lacks the musk in No. 5. This is just a lovely youthful perfume for girls. I smell the peach and strawberry fruity sweet concentrated fruit. Because of those aldehydes however and the big strawberry as well as the rose it becomes slightly like a beauty salon scent. It definitely does smell of nail polish. In fact I had my own red nail polish bottle open to smell it and then smelled L'Interdit to see if the scents matched up. They do but this is a softer sort of nail polish scent. I like nail polish though. The fragrance lasts a long time and softens as it dries down. It then becomes like soft rose powder and violets, iris. Then it turns into a light sandalwood. Classy, beautiful, timeless, soulful and sweet like Audrey Hepburn. [PAR] May [PAR] 2016 [PAR] RosieRachel [PAR] Enchanting. I sought out a sample of L'Interdit because of Audrey Hepburn, and I've been in love with it ever since. I am now fortunate enough to own a bottle and I consider this the gem of my tiny collection. Givenchy really has captured"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spanish Days of the Week Grammar [PAR] Grammar [PAR] Google Ads block to desktop version (300\u00d7600) [PAR] Days of the Week [PAR] The written lesson is below. [PAR] Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. [PAR] In Spanish-speaking countries, the week begins on Monday. [PAR] lunes [PAR] Notice that the days of the week are not capitalized. [PAR] lunes [PAR] The days of the week are all masculine. [PAR] el lunes [PAR] el s\u00e1bado [PAR] el domingo [PAR] When used with the days of the week, the definite article has the special meaning \u201con.\u201d [PAR] No trabajo el lunes. [PAR] I don\u2019t work on Monday. [PAR] No trabajo los martes. [PAR] I don\u2019t work on Tuesdays. [PAR] Hay una fiesta el mi\u00e9rcoles. [PAR] There is a party on Wednesday. [PAR] Hay muchas fiestas los viernes. [PAR] There are many parties on Fridays. [PAR] Days of the week ending in -s do not change form in the plural. Only the article changes. [PAR] el lunes [PAR] el domingo [PAR] los domingos [PAR] Use the verb ser to express the day. You will soon learn more about this verb. For now, simply realize that the word \u201ces\u201d is a conjugation of that verb, and is the correct verb in this use. [PAR] \u00bfQu\u00e9 d\u00eda es hoy? [PAR] Ma\u00f1ana es martes. [PAR] Tomorrow is Tuesday. [PAR] Notice that the following actions do not occur in the present, but rather in the near future. [PAR] Salimos el lunes. [PAR] Ma\u00f1ana es domingo. [PAR] Tomorrow is Sunday. [PAR] In Spanish, the present tense of the indicative is sometimes used to express the near future. English does this too. [PAR] Salimos el lunes.[DOC] [TLE] Days of the Week - learn-spanish-help.com Days of the Week in Spanish. Monday in Spanish through Sunday! [PAR] Tuesday in Spanish is. . .martes [PAR] pronounced MARR-TESS. [PAR] Wednesday in Spanish is. . .mi\u00e9rcoles [PAR] pronounced MEE-AIRR-COULESS. [PAR] Thursday in Spanish is. . .jueves [PAR] pronounced WEY-VESS. [PAR] Friday in Spanish is. . .viernes [PAR] pronounced VEE-AIRR-NESS. [PAR] Saturday in Spanish is. . .s\u00e1bado [PAR] pronounced SAA-BA-DOH. [PAR] Sunday in Spanish is. . .domingo [PAR] pronounced pretty much as it is written! [PAR] To learn the Days of the Week in Spanish you can now repeat it several times over, and then do it again.... [PAR] Now you must say these a whole bunch of times. [PAR] Chant them ten times each, in the morning, before each meal, and before you go to bed each day. Do this every day for a week. [PAR] Put it into a song. [PAR] Sing it, chant it, rhythmn it, rap it. Whatever beat spins your wheel. [PAR] And keep repeating it. This way through repetition you will drum it in to your memory. [PAR] ...or... an easier way to learn the Spanish days of the week is... [PAR] ... by using the techniques that the world memory masters teach. [PAR] These are the sorts of people that can memorise twenty, thirty or even decks of shuffled cards. [PAR] Basically they say that the longer-lasting way to memorize words is to visualise them in a crazy, wacky, off-the-wall, goofy, silly, zany scene! [PAR] Which basically anyone can do. [PAR] Try this. [PAR] As you've just seen, the Spanish word for Wednesday is mi\u00e9rcoles [PAR] (which sounds like ME, I CARE LESS ), so .... [PAR] so to put it into a silly scene just.... [PAR] ... imagine it\u2019s Wednesday and saying, [PAR] \"ME, I CARE LESS that it is Wednesday.\" [PAR] To make it even easier for you we have put in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beautiful Mind Mathematician John Nash Killed - BBC 'Beautiful Mind' mathematician John Nash killed in crash - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] 'Beautiful Mind' mathematician John Nash killed in crash [PAR] 24 May 2015 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionThe BBC's Caroline Hawley looks back at the life of John Nash [PAR] US mathematician John Nash, who inspired the Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind, has died in a car crash with his wife, police have said. [PAR] Nash, 86, and his 82-year-old wife Alicia were killed when their taxi crashed in New Jersey, they said. [PAR] The mathematician is renowned for his work in game theory, winning the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1994. [PAR] His breakthroughs in maths - and his struggles with schizophrenia - were the focus of the 2001 film. [PAR] Russell Crowe, who played him, tweeted : \"Stunned... My heart goes out to John & Alicia & family. An amazing partnership. Beautiful minds, beautiful hearts.\" [PAR] The film's director, Ron Howard, also tweeted his tribute to the \"brilliant\" John Nash and his \"remarkable\" wife. [PAR] Alicia Nash helped care for her husband, and the two later became prominent mental health advocates. [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption Game theorist John Nash (left) was portrayed by Russell Crowe in the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind [PAR] The two were thrown from their vehicle, police said. Media reports said the couple may not have been wearing seatbelts when they crashed. [PAR] Their taxi driver, and a passenger in another car, were also injured. [PAR] 'Genius' [PAR] Born in Bluefield, West Virginia, Nash first studied in Pittsburgh before moving to Princeton. [PAR] His recommendation letter contained just one line: \"This man is a genius.\" [PAR] Nash married Alicia Larde in 1957, after publishing some of his breakthrough works in game theory, which is the mathematical study of decision-making. [PAR] But he developed severe schizophrenia soon after, and Alicia had him committed for psychiatric care several times. The couple divorced in 1962. [PAR] Image copyright Reuters [PAR] Image caption Nash and his wife attended the Oscars in 2002 [PAR] \"I was disturbed in this way for a very long period of time, like 25 years,\" Nash said in an interview on the Nobel website. [PAR] The two stayed close, and his condition had begun to improve by the 1980s. They remarried in 2001. [PAR] The President of Princeton, Christopher Eisgruber, said he was \"stunned and saddened\" to hear of their deaths. [PAR] \"John's remarkable achievements inspired generations of mathematicians, economists and scientists who were influenced by his brilliant, groundbreaking work in game theory,\" he said. [PAR] Even this week, Nash received the Abel Prize , another top honour in the field of mathematics. [PAR] Nash Equilibrium, by John Moriarty, Manchester University [PAR] Great new mathematical ideas have a balance to strike - they must be precise enough to allow detailed conclusions to be drawn, and yet sufficiently loose that they can be useful in a wide range of problems. [PAR] The Nash Equilibrium, for which he won a Nobel Prize, is just such an idea. It offered something truly new - the ability to analyse situations of conflict and co-operation and produce predictions about how people will behave. [PAR] Nash's famous equilibrium has grown to be perhaps the most important idea in economic analysis and has found application in fields as diverse as computing, evolutionary biology and artificial intelligence. [PAR] More recently it has been used in studies of corruption and also name-checked amidst the Greek financial crisis."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Christianity: Lent BBC - Religions - Christianity: Lent [PAR] Shrove Tuesday [PAR] Pancakes \u00a9 [PAR] Shrove Tuesday is the day before Lent starts: the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday. It's a day of penitence, to clean the soul, and a day of celebration as the last chance to feast before Lent begins. [PAR] Shrove Tuesday is sometimes called Pancake Day after the fried batter recipe traditionally eaten on this day. [PAR] But there's more to Shrove Tuesday than pigging out on pancakes or taking part in a public pancake race. The pancakes themselves are part of an ancient custom with deeply religious roots. [PAR] Penitence [PAR] Shrove Tuesday gets its name from the ritual of shriving that Christians used to undergo in the past. In shriving, a person confesses their sins and receives absolution for them. [PAR] When a person receives absolution for their sins, they are forgiven for them and released from the guilt and pain that they have caused them. [PAR] In the Catholic or Orthodox context, the absolution is pronounced by a priest. [PAR] This tradition is very old. Over 1000 years ago a monk wrote in the Anglo-Saxon Ecclesiastical Institutes: [PAR] In the week immediately before Lent everyone shall go to his confessor and confess his deeds and the confessor shall so shrive him. [PAR] Anglo-Saxon Ecclesiastical Institutes [PAR] Shrove Tuesday celebrations [PAR] Shrove Tuesday is a day of celebration as well as penitence, because it's the last day before Lent. [PAR] Lent is a time of abstinence, of giving things up. So Shrove Tuesday is the last chance to indulge yourself, and to use up the foods that aren't allowed in Lent. [PAR] Giving up foods: but not wasting them [PAR] During Lent there are many foods that some Christians - historically and today - would not eat: foods such as meat and fish, fats, eggs, and milky foods. [PAR] So that no food was wasted, families would have a feast on the shriving Tuesday, and eat up all the foods that wouldn't last the forty days of Lent without going off. [PAR] The need to eat up the fats gave rise to the French name Mardi Gras ('fat Tuesday'). Pancakes became associated with Shrove Tuesday as they were a dish that could use up all the eggs, fats and milk in the house with just the addition of flour. [PAR] The origin of pancake racing [PAR] Pancake races are thought to have begun in 1445. A woman had lost track of the time on Shrove Tuesday, and was busy cooking pancakes in her kitchen. [PAR] Suddenly she heard the church bell ringing to call the faithful to church for confession. The woman raced out of her house and ran all the way to church; still holding her frying pan and wearing her apron. [PAR] Going for gold in the pancake Olympics [PAR] One of the most famous pancake races is held at Olney in Buckinghamshire over a 415 yard course. The rules are strict; contestants have to toss their pancake at both the start and the finish, as well as wearing an apron and a scarf. The race is followed by a church service. [PAR] Since 1950 Olney has competed with Liberal in Kansas, which holds an identical race, to see which town can produce the fastest competitor. After the 2000 race, Liberal was leading with 26 wins to Olney's 24. [PAR] Ash Wednesday [PAR] Ash cross marked on forehead \u00a9 [PAR] Ash Wednesday is the beginning of Lent for Western Christian churches. It's a day of penitence to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Largest States In The United States | 10 Most Today 10 Largest States In The United States - 10 Most Today [PAR] 10 Largest States In The United States [PAR] Lists Of Countries [PAR] The following list contains the 10 largest states in the USA, by area [PAR] 1. Alaska \u2013 1,723,337 km2 (665,384 mi2) \u2013 Alaska is by far the largest state in the USA. It\u2019s also the largest state by land area and by water area [PAR] Alaska \u2013 the largest state in the USA [PAR] 2. Texas \u2013 695,662 km2 (268,596 mi2) \u2013 The Lone Star State is the second largest state, but it\u2019s less than half the size of Alaska [PAR] Texas \u2013 second largest state in the USA [PAR] [PAR] 3. California \u2013 423,967 km2 (163,694 mi2) \u2013 The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States [PAR] The Golden State is the third largest state in the United States [PAR] [PAR] 4. Montana \u2013 380,831 km2 (147,039 mi2) \u2013 Montana, nicknamed The Treasure State, is the fourth largest state [PAR] Largest States In The United States: Montana is fourth largest [PAR] 5. New Mexico \u2013 314,917 km2 (121,590 mi2) [PAR] New Mexico: 5th largest state [PAR] [PAR] 6. Arizona \u2013 295,234 km2 (113,990 mi2) \u2013 The Copper State, home to the Grand Canyon, is the 6th largest state [PAR] Arizona: 6th largest state [PAR] [PAR] 7. Nevada \u2013 286,380 km2 (110,571 mi2) \u2013 The Silver State, home to Las Vegas, is the 7th largest state [PAR] Nevada: 7th largest state in the United States [PAR] [PAR] 8. Colorado \u2013 269,601 km2 (104,093 mi2) [PAR] Largest States In The United States: 8th place: Colorado [PAR] [PAR] 9. Oregon \u2013 254,799 km2 (98,378 mi2) \u2013 The Beaver State is less than 1/6 of Alaska [PAR] Largest States In The United States: 9th place: Oregon [PAR] 10. Wyoming \u2013 253,335 km2 (97,813 mi2) \u2013 The Equality State closes our list with almost the same area as Oregon [PAR] 10th largest state in the United States: Wyoming"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Award Winning Ryder Cup Golf Courses at The Belfry Award Winning Ryder Cup Golf Courses at The Belfry [PAR] PGA Golf Academy [PAR] Our Courses [PAR] The Belfry has become synonymous with golf and is a Mecca for both professional and amateur players. Located just outside of Birmingham, our golf courses are easy to access and attract players from across the UK and further afield. Host to more Ryder Cup matches than any other venue in the world, and steeped in tournament history, our three stunning courses, sculpted from acres of lush North Warwickshire countryside, have provoked some of the most dramatic moments in the history of the sport. [PAR] The Brabazon [PAR] The majestic fairways and carpet-smooth greens of The Brabazon form a world-famous stage on which some of golf\u2019s most exhilarating dramas have played out. Its meticulous design involves tight fairways, perilous bunkers, lakes and fast undulating greens, creating iconic holes that have challenged some of the games greatest. [PAR] As you\u2019d expect, it\u2019s a challenging golf course, but a must-play for anyone who\u2019s serious about the sport. [PAR] Walk in the footsteps of golfing legends\u2026 Seve\u2019s historic drive onto the 10th green, Sam Torrance\u2019s famous putt that won the 1985 Ryder Cup match for the European Team or Christie O\u2019Connor Jr\u2019s belligerent 2 iron across the lake at the 18th. More recent changes have seen the 6th hole become one of the most demanding, rated highly by modern-day great Lee Westwood. [PAR] To book a tee time on The Brabazon click here [PAR] PGA National [PAR] With its inland links appearance, this championship golf course presents a unique challenge thanks to hard and fast running fairways, undulating greens, severe run-offs and its 70 strategically placed cavernous bunkers. [PAR] The PGA National, having hosted two European Tour events, is one of the West Midlands\u2019 finest golf courses, and fast becoming one of the top courses in the United Kingdom. [PAR] Recognised by the PGA as a world-class tournament course and the only PGA branded course in England, the PGA National is a must for golfers who enjoy the creativity and shot-making required for links golf. [PAR] To book a tee time on the PGA National click here [PAR] The Derby [PAR] The Derby is a parkland course with far-reaching views across the Warwickshire countryside, strategically placed bunkers, water hazards and well-designed risk and reward holes. [PAR] The Derby offers a gentle challenge and is perfect for players of all levels. Also designed by Peter Alliss and Dave Thomas the course demands accuracy right from the 1st tee, not to mention good club selection and intelligent course management."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brown Clee Hill | Brown Clee Hill (1,772 ft) is the ... Brown Clee Hill | Brown Clee Hill (1,772 ft) is the highest \u2026 | Flickr [PAR] Tony Garofalo By: Tony Garofalo [PAR] Brown Clee Hill [PAR] Brown Clee Hill (1,772 ft) is the highest point in the English county of Shrophsire. It is located 8.5 miles north-east of Ludlow (\u201cHill by the Noisy Stream\u201d) and belongs to a range of hills known as the Clee Hills (\u201cBell-shaped Hills\u201d or \u201cRounded Hills\u201d). The Clee Hills run for some 15 miles in a north-to-south direction and lie within the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. [PAR] [PAR] Brown Clee Hill consists of two principal tops and on both of these there once stood an Iron Age hill fort. The summit is located at the northern end of the hill and is called Abdon Burf (\u201cAbba\u2019s Farmstead Fort\u201d) and the lower southern top is called Clee Burf (\u201cClee Fort\u201d). The eastern slopes of Brown Clee Hill are extensively wooded but the western slopes are grassy and here much of the area is Open Access Land. The geology of the hill is very different from that of the nearby Church Stretton (\u201cStreet Town with a Church\u201d) Hills. The rocks hereabouts are much more recent and consist largely of Old Red Sandstone, capped with lava that has prevented erosion of the coal measures. As a consequence, Brown Clee Hill has been extensively quarried and the last of the quarries only closed during the 1940s. Sadly the hill forts on both Abdon Burf and Clee Burf were badly damaged by the quarrying activities but lower down on the western flanks of the hill there is a third Iron Age hill fort called Nordy Bank. This large fort has survived almost intact and is thought to have been occupied up until the time of the Roman invasion. In more recent times, telecommunication masts have been installed on both Abbon Burf and Clee Burf that play a role in air traffic control. Before they were built the hill claimed quite a tally of air crash victims and a memorial on the southern slopes of Abdon Burf commemorates the 23 Allied and Luftwaffe aircrew who were killed here during World War 2. [PAR] [PAR] Brown Clee Hill is probably best climbed from the west, starting near Clee St Margaret. A short but pleasant circuit of only approximately 7 miles can be made, taking in the summits of Clee Burf and Abdon Burf and returning via The Five Springs and Nordy Bank hill fort. The hill really is a superb viewpoint and on a clear day Snowdonia, Pumlumon ( www.flickr.com/photos/67668518@N08/8748621334/in/photostr... ), the Brecon Beacons, the Malvern Hills and the Cotswalds can all be espied. The picture I have uploaded was taken looking northwards towards Abdon Burf from near the top of Clee Burf. [PAR] Done"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Literal Translation of Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus Literal Translation of Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus [PAR] Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus: Literal Translation of Common Latin Phrases [PAR] written by: John Garger \u2022 edited by: Rebecca Scudder \u2022 updated: 9/13/2013 [PAR] Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus are two of the most common Latin phrases in English. Learn the literal translations and meanings of the Latin phrases Carpe Diem and Habeas Corpus. [PAR] slide 1 of 4 [PAR] There is no doubt that Latin carries with it a certain air of sophistication, education, and class. Ironically, this air is due to the use of the Latin language long after it was considered a dead language, i.e. one that was no longer spoken as a primary language of a people. [PAR] The roots of Latin\u2019s association with education and science began in the mid-second millennium, when knowledge started to proliferate to the masses through printed material and literacy was on the rise. About this time, the modern university was born, which eventually eliminated the mentorship model of education. Latin, the primary language of the church and all things academic, naturally became associated with education and science throughout Europe. Today, Latin survives as a throwback to this tradition in the many phrases and mottoes used by universities and institutions. Many Latin phrases are also used in everyday language. [PAR] slide 2 of 4 [PAR] Carpe Diem [PAR] This popular Latin phrase has been popularized in books, movies, and other media, but the original source of this phrase is ancient; It is from Horace\u2019s (65-8 BC) Odes, a collection of his poems. The original line reads: [PAR] Carpe diem quam minimum credula postero. (seize the day and place no trust in tomorrow.) [PAR] From a student\u2019s perspective, \u201cCarpe diem\" is a simple construction consisting of a verb in the imperative mood and a noun in the accusative case . \u201cCarpe\" is from the third conjugation verb \u201ccarpo\" (carpere, carpsi, carptum) meaning to \u201cpluck\" or \u201cdivide.\" However, Horace\u2019s use of the word, given the complete sentence above, was metaphorically intended to imply enjoyment or fulfillment. Hence, the word is often translated as \u201cseize\" to avoid confusion had a literal translation been used instead. Certainly \u201cpluck the day\" makes no literal sense in English. [PAR] Recall that third conjugation verbs form the present imperative simply by taking the present stem of the verb. In this case, the stem of the verb \u201ccarpo\" is \u201ccarpe.\" To pluralize this phrase, recall that the plural imperative is formed by dropping the \u2013e and adding \u2013ite. In this case, we would have \u201ccarpite.\" (As a technical note, it is not that the \u2013e is dropped as it is that the \u2013e changes to an \u2013i\u2013 with the addition of the \u2013te to indicate that the command is intended for two or more people). [PAR] \u201cDiem\" is simply the accusative singular of \u201cdies\" meaning \u201cday.\" It is in the accusative case because it is acting as a direct object of the action of the sentence; it is indicating what the listener or reader should seize. Recall that since the imperative mood indicates a command, it is always considered to be in the second person. There are no first or third person imperative mood forms because commands are given directly to the listener or reader. What \u201ccarpe diem\" is really saying is: [PAR] Hey, you (singular)! Seize the day! [PAR] As a side note, the word \u201ccarpo\" meaning to pluck or divide is the derivative of the word \u201ccarpal\" in \u201ccarpal tunnel.\" The carpal tunnel is a passageway through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games - Ice Hockey Wiki - Wikia Olympic Games | Ice Hockey Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Medalists [PAR] Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games programme in 1924. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics . The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes until 1988, and the National Hockey League (NHL) did not allow its players to compete until 1998. From 1924 to 1988, the tournament started with a round-robin series of games and ended with the medal round. Medals were awarded based on points accumulated during that round. The games of the tournament follow the rules of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), which differ slightly from the rules used in the NHL . The tournament follows the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) rules on Use of performance enhancing drugs and the IIHF maintains a Registered Testing Pool, a list of top players who are subjected to random in-competition and out-of-competition drug tests. Several players have tested positive for banned substances since the 1972 Winter Olympics . [PAR] In the men's tournament, Canada was the most successful team of the first three decades, winning six of seven gold medals. Czechoslovakia , Sweden and the United States were also competitive during this period and won multiple medals. Between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also counted as the Ice Hockey World Championship for that year. The Soviet Union first participated in 1956 and overtook Canada as the dominant international team, winning seven of the nine tournaments in which they participated. The United States won gold medals in 1960 and in 1980 , which included their \" Miracle on Ice \" upset of the Soviet Union. Canada went 50 years without a gold medal, before winning one in 2002 , and following it up with another in 2010 . Other nations to win gold include Great Britain in 1936 , the Unified Team in 1992 , Sweden in 1994 and 2006 and the Czech Republic]] in 1998 . Other medal-winning nations include Switzerland,Germany,Finland and Russia]]. [PAR] In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to allow all athletes to compete in Olympic Games held after 1988. The NHL was initially reluctant to allow its players to compete because the Olympics are held in the middle of the NHL season, and the league would have to halt play if many of its players participated. However, NHL players were allowed to compete starting in 1998. The format of the tournament was adjusted to accommodate the NHL schedule; a preliminary round was played without NHL players or the top six teams\u2014Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States\u2014followed by a final round which included them. The tournament format was changed again in 2006; every team played five preliminary games with the full use of NHL players. [PAR] In July 1992, the IOC voted to approve women's hockey as an Olympic event; it was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. The Nagano Organizing Committee was hesitant to include the event because of the additional costs of staging the tournament, but an agreement was reached that limited the field to six teams, and ensured that no additional facilities would be built. The Canadian and American teams have dominated the event, typically losing only to each other. The United States won the first tournament in 1998, while Canada won in 2002, 2006 and 2010."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Don Bradman | australia.gov.au Don Bradman | australia.gov.au [PAR] Australia.gov.au [PAR] Helping you find government information and services [PAR] Search form [PAR] Portrait of Don Bradman, 1930-39, gelatin silver. Image courtesy of the National Library of Australia: nla.pic-an23251485. [PAR] Sir Donald Bradman is an Australian sporting legend. [PAR] No other sportsperson in Australian history has captured the respect and admiration of the sporting public the way 'The Don', the cricketer from Bowral in the State of New South Wales (NSW), has done. [PAR] During his 21 years of first-class cricket, Bradman achieved everything that was possible in the sport - he captained his South Australian Sheffield Shield team; was a State selector; Test selector; and captain of the Australian Team for almost a decade, including of the 1948 Australian Test team known as The Invincibles. [PAR] Bradman averaged a century - 100 runs - once in every three innings he played. His batting averages are revered. [PAR] In his first international tour (1930) Bradman made 2960 runs (with a batting average of 98.66), including 10 centuries. In his final tour 18 years later, he made 2428 runs with an 89.92 batting average, including 11 centuries. [PAR] When he retired in 1948, Bradman's legacy to the cricketing world was a remarkable Test batting average of 99.94. [PAR] The tributes to Bradman kept coming after he retired. In 1949 he became the only Australian cricketer to be knighted. And in 1988 the Australian Confederation of Sport voted him greatest male athlete of the past 200 years. [PAR] In 1960 Bradman became the first former Test player to be elected chairman of the Australian Board of Control. He continued to serve cricket as a selector and a member of the Board, including as chairman, for two terms. On 16 June 1979 he was invested as a Companion of the Order of Australia. [PAR] According to Bradman's official web site, this famous cricketer also holds other awards, including: [PAR] Sportsman of the Century; [PAR] Captain of the Greatest Team of the Century (1948 Australian cricket team); [PAR] Wisden Cricketer of the Century; [PAR] Captain of the Australian Cricket Team of the Century; [PAR] nominated in the top ten world sports figures of the century by the World Confederation of Sport; and [PAR] elected in the top 100 world figures of the twentieth century - one of only two Australians to be included. [PAR] Don Bradman leading his team onto the field at the start of Bradman Testimonial match, Melbourne, December 1948, negative: b&w. Image courtesy of the National Library of Australia: nla.pic-an23751614. [PAR] Donald George Bradman was born on 27 August 1908 in the NSW country town of Cootamundra, moving to Bowral in the Southern Highlands of NSW two and a half years later with his family. [PAR] He attended Bowral Public School and spent many hours during his childhood playing backyard cricket with a golf ball and a cricket stump. As a teenager Bradman played cricket for his school and county, coming to the attention of state and national selectors. [PAR] In 1928 Bradman made his Test cricket debut for Australia, which was the beginning of his celebrated and record-breaking career. [PAR] In a Sheffield Shield match at the Sydney Cricket Ground in January 1930, Bradman, at 21 years of age, broke the world's batting record for the highest score in first-class cricket by smashing the previous record of 437 runs held by Bill Ponsford. Bradman scored 452 runs not out in just 415 minutes. At the same time he also made 1000 runs for the season. [PAR] This remarkable performance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Icelandic dairy company, producer of skyr & other healthy ... Icelandic dairy company, producer of skyr & other healthy dairy products - Mj\u00f3lkursamsalan [PAR] Skyr.is [PAR] Iceland's Best Kept Secret [PAR] Our Skyr is the only product made with Original Icelandic Skyr Cultures. But what does that really mean? [PAR] The art of making Skyr is especially noteworthy. Skyr is made from skimmed milk which is a naturally fat free milk product. When making Skyr a large amount of milk is used but about three to four times more milk is needed to produce one can of skyr than one can of yogurt. [PAR] We strive to stay close to Icelandic roots and traditions by using the Original Icelandic Skyr Cultures. The distinctive Skyr Cultures ensure the connection to Skyr\u2018s origin \u2013 that is Iceland. Making it the original and most delectable Skyr there is. That beeing said, the Skyr Cultures might just be Iceland\u2018s best kept secret. [PAR] About us [PAR] MS Iceland Dairies (Mj\u00f3lkursamsalan) is a cooperative organisation that includes over 700 of Iceland\u2019s family-run dairy farms and other milk producers across the country. We have over 450 employees in non-farm roles. [PAR] The mission of the company centres on milk production and the making of high-quality skyr, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products. We are proud to serve both our domestic and representing Iceland in export markets. [PAR] MS Iceland Dairies and the global environment [PAR] Iceland is one of Europe\u2019s last pristine places. As citizens of a country very sensitive to global warming and the quality of our terrestrial and oceanic resources, we are committed to progressive green policies in our operations. [PAR] All our products are made using only 100% carbon-free electricity. This advantage exceeds the environmental counterbalance for the methane output inherent in local ruminant agriculture. [PAR] We are also advocates of the ethical and humane treatment of animals and our member farms are compliant with progressive Iceland standards for domestic livestock welfare.[DOC] [TLE] Skyr - fat-free dairy product from Iceland | Skyr Iceland Skyr - fat-free dairy product from Iceland | Skyr Iceland [PAR] Skyr.is [PAR] Iceland's Best Kept Secret [PAR] Our Skyr is the only product made with Original Icelandic Skyr Cultures. But what does that really mean? [PAR] The art of making Skyr is especially noteworthy. Skyr is made from skimmed milk which is a naturally fat free milk product. When making Skyr a large amount of milk is used but about three to four times more milk is needed to produce one can of skyr than one can of yogurt. [PAR] We strive to stay close to Icelandic roots and traditions by using the Original Icelandic Skyr Cultures. The distinctive Skyr Cultures ensure the connection to Skyr\u2018s origin \u2013 that is Iceland. Making it the original and most delectable Skyr there is. That being said, the Skyr Cultures might just be Iceland\u2018s best kept secret. [PAR] About us [PAR] MS Iceland Dairies (Mj\u00f3lkursamsalan) is a cooperative organisation that includes over 700 of Iceland\u2019s family-run dairy farms and other milk producers across the country. We have over 450 employees in non-farm roles. [PAR] The mission of the company centres on milk production and the making of high-quality skyr, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products. We are proud to serve both our domestic and representing Iceland in export markets. [PAR] MS Iceland Dairies and the global environment [PAR] Iceland is one of Europe\u2019s last pristine places. As citizens of a country very sensitive to global warming and the quality of our terrestrial and oceanic resources, we are committed to progressive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Desperate Dawg (Character) - Comic Vine Desperate Dawg (Character) - Comic Vine [PAR] Desperate Dawg [PAR] No recent wiki edits to this page. [PAR] Hit the 'Edit This Wiki Page' button up above to add a description to this wiki page! [PAR] General Information [PAR] Close [PAR] This edit will also create new pages on Comic Vine for: [PAR] Beware, you are proposing to add brand new pages to the wiki along with your edits. Make sure this is what you intended. This will likely increase the time it takes for your changes to go live. [PAR] Comment and Save [PAR] Until you earn 1000 points all your submissions need to be vetted by other Comic Vine users. This process takes no more than a few hours and we'll send you an email once approved. [PAR] Save your changes [PAR] Thanks, we're checking your submission. [PAR] Whoah, whoah... slow down there. [PAR] Thanks! Your changes are live! [PAR] Some of your changes are live [PAR] Because you're new to wiki editing, we sent your submission off to our moderators to check it over. Most changes are approved within a few hours. We'll send an email when it is. [PAR] Once you've earned over points you'll be able to bypass this step and make live edits to our system. Until then, gain points by continuing to edit pages. [PAR] You are currently banned from editing the wiki. [PAR] Wiki submissions are currently disabled. [PAR] No changes were submitted, nothing was done! Please make changes to the wiki! [PAR] Thanks for continuing to improve the site. Some of your changes are now live. However, some of your changes were sent to moderation because you do not have enough points to make those live edits. You need points to live edit the changes you commited. [PAR] For the changes that went through, our robot math gave you points for this submission. [PAR] Thanks for continuing to improve the site. Your changes are now live. Our robot math gave you points for this submission.[DOC] [TLE] Desperate Dan - International Superheroes Desperate Dan [PAR] Desperate Dan [PAR] Identity/Class: Unknown - possibly mutant as others in his family have the same abilities. [PAR] Occupation: Unknown [PAR] Affiliations: Dawg (his pet dog) [PAR] Enemies: The Beanotown Gang (more rivals than enemies), Dangerous Dan McGrew, Cactusman [PAR] Known Relatives: Danny (nephew); Katey (niece), Aggie (aunt), Grandma (grandmother), Grandpa (grandfather) [PAR] Aliases: None known [PAR] Base of Operations: U.S.A. [PAR] First Appearance: Dandy ( D.C.Thomson , 1937) [PAR] Powers/Abilities: Dan is extremely strong (he is able to lift at least two tons), and has demonstrated a level of invulnerability - he doesn't flinch when a large brick chimney is dropped on him. On at least one occasion he sucks in a load of gas and then lights it as he breathes out, allowing him to blow out a prolonged jet of flame for long enough to bake a house sized loaf of bread. [PAR] History: Dan (and his family :we have occasionally seen his nephew Danny and niece Katey, who are similarly superhuman) is a rustic type endowed with superhuman strength and invulnerability."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ernest Hemingway's Death in the Afternoon - Drink Recipe ... Ernest Hemingway's Death in the Afternoon - Drink Recipe \u2013 How to Make the Perfect Ernest Hemingway's Death in the Afternoon [PAR] Ernest Hemingway's Death in the Afternoon [PAR] champagne flute [PAR] Instructions: [PAR] Pour absinthe into a champagne flute and add iced brut champagne until it clouds up -- at least 4 ounces. [PAR] Short of foreign travel, if you lack the kind of decadent friends who engage in pretentious pursuits like bootlegging absinthe, there are a couple of legal alternatives. For what our dear editor likes to call the \"Near Death Experience,\" use Absente, the new -- legal -- absinthe substitute that's been promoted of late; it's 110-proof (the real stuff is always real strong, whatever its other attributes). If you prefer to keep the Man in Black safely at arm's length, try using a mere ounce of Pernod (or other 80-proof pastis). We'll call that the Paper Cut. [PAR] The Wondrich Take: [PAR] There's a bit near the beginning of Virgil's Georgics (in which the poet explains, at length, the art of farming; weird, but no weirder than, say, David Foster Wallace) where a peasant, busting sod on an old battlefield, turns up the bones of some of the slaughtered -- and they're huge; almost a different species. That's how we feel contemplating Hemingway's original instructions for this wicked potion (he claims to have cooked it up with some Brits after a spot of nautical unpleasantness): \"Pour 1 jigger of absinthe into a champagne glass. Add iced champagne until it attains the proper opalescent milkiness. Drink three to five of these slowly.\" The liver that man must've had! [PAR] Unfortunately, absinthe's still illegal here. But if you're in Europe this summer and your better half has just left you, perhaps citing your persistent sniggering at her (or his) ostentatious mastery of the local parley-voo, you might want to embark on a course of these. You can get real absinthe there -- and, seeing as how the authentic wormwood-powered stuff has a tendency to taste like Raid, the champagne can only help it. Just make sure you leave your documents and most of your money in the hotel safe before you commence treatment. [PAR] Level: Easy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catalog of banana trees and banana plants offered at Going ... Catalog of banana trees and banana plants offered at Going Bananas [PAR] Corms or Tissue Culture plants for mail order only [PAR] 2 gal. containerized plants, corms and small Tissue Culture plants can be purchased on site [PAR] Hardy Growing Plants when \"GREEN\" is more desired than Fruit: Balbisiana, Orinoco, Cardaba, Pelpita, Basjoo, Textiles, FHIA 25 [PAR] Plants that are Somewhat Cool Tolerant: Ice Cream, Saba, Basjoo, Namwa, Goldfinger (FHIA-1), FHIA-3, Mysore, Praying Hands, Orinoco, Kandrian, Misi Luki, Cardaba [PAR] Lady Finger Type (fruit is approximately 4-6 inches in length): Mysore, Rajapuri, Nino, Reds, Brazilian, Namwa, Rose, Misi Luki [PAR] Plants with Unusual Characteristics: Praying Hands, African Rhinohorn, Pisang jari buaya, Truly Tiny, Siam Ruby, Monkey Fingers, Pitogo, Red (Macaboo), Thousand Fingers, Eleele, Zebrina, Kru, GN-X-Sumatrana, Huamoa, Thai Black* [PAR] Ornamentals: Ornata Types (all colors), Velutina, Zebrina, Thai Black, Musella Iasiocarpa, Coccinea, Siam Ruby [PAR] Plantains: Giant Plantain, Dwarf (PR) Plantain, French Horn, African Rhinohorn [PAR] Combo: Cooking (green)/Dessert (ripe) Saba, Hua Moa, Cardaba, Pelipita, Balongkaue, Orinoco [PAR] Polynesian, Cooking & Hilahila sub-Group: Maia Maoli, Popoulu, Hua Moa, Red Iholena, Kandrian [PAR] Seeded Varieties: Balbisiana, Textiles, Hookerii, Zebrina, Basjoo, Velutina [PAR] Popular & Favorite Dessert Bananas: Mysore, Goldfinger, Pisang Raja, Namwa, Nino, Brazilian, all Cavendish, Misi Luki, Rajapuri, Red (Macabo) [PAR] The following varieties are among the rare and limited varieties as well as others noted: These may change often during the year so check with us as to availability. FHIA 21 & 23, Pisang jari buaya, Hookerii, Namwa, Monthan, Balongkaue, Textiles, Yangambi - KM-5, Nehumbahoka, Ebon Musak, Brunei, Aeae, Siam Ruby, Maia maoil, Popoulu, Viente Cohol, Thai Black*( now called Black Balbisiana) [PAR] Please Note: [PAR] Although our plants vary in size, you can be assured they are larger and stronger than other companies that use production-line selections. We strive to give you the best possible plant material and guidance for maintaining your new acquisitions. Call or email with questions, concerns or progress reports on your banana plant collection. [PAR] Ph: (305) 247-0397 or email goingbananas@bellsouth.net[DOC] [TLE] IN THE ARBORETUM TODAY - OC Fruit IN THE ARBORETUM TODAY [PAR] IN THE ARBORETUM TODAY [PAR] Varieties: \"Cavendish,\" \"Dwarf Orinoco,\" \"Gold Finger,\" \"Ice Cream,\" \"Lady Fingers,\" \"Mysore-Plantain,\" (r.f.-01) [PAR] Common names: Anana, Banana, Platano, Cambur, Curro [PAR] Bananas stalks are popularly referred to as \"trees\" because they attain heights of thirty feet or more. They are not trees in the correct sense of the term, but large perennial herbs that reach their full growth in one season. The banana is one of the largest known plants without a woody stem or trunk. It is really a giant \"shoot.\" [PAR] What appears to be a solid stalk or trunk of the plant is actually only a hollow sheath of leaves, a succulent, very juicy stem (a pseudo-stem) which is a cylinder of petiole sheaths arising from a fleshy rhizome or core. Through this tubular stalk a stem or spike shoots up and bears the flowers. At first it is a large, oval, purple bud. As it opens, first one can see the female tubular white flowers clustered in whorls in double rows along the floral stalk. From these the berries (fruits) will form. Then hermaphroditic flowers appear next, producing small, undeveloped, and useless fruits. Lastly the male flowers open. Once the stalk has fruited, it will not produce again so it should be cut off to provide more room for the shoots. [PAR] Bananas are propagated from suckers or \"pups\" that sprout from buds along the underground bulb or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Delicious Weird Eats - TableAgent Inc. Delicious Weird Eats [PAR] Delicious Weird Eats [PAR] San Francisco Bay Area 62 [PAR] Delicious Weird Eats [PAR] I will try basically anything a restaurant serves. I often meander into entrees that include popular ingredients like beef, chicken, fish, vegetables, lamb, et cetera. I will also try dishes that have ingredients that are foreign to most people\u2019s palates (Escargot? Count me in. Cow intestines? Please?). Growing up in a Filipino household, I would encounter dishes made with ingredients that are, well, uncommon compared to typical American cuisine, i.e., pig\u2019s blood, and I loved every morsel of it. However, there are people that might cringe at the thought of mixing their appetite with things that may go bump in the night. I say, \u201cDon\u2019t knock it until you\u2019ve tried it.\u201d These unfamiliar ingredients that many people dare not go near have been used since the conception of most European and Asian fare. In the hands of talented chefs, they are the center pieces of many fantastic dishes that can stimulate anyone\u2019s culinary senses. Many of our restaurants feature dishes created with uncommon ingredients, and trust me, they are created by the skillful hands. [PAR] Table 926 [PAR] Owner and Executive Chef of Table 926 in Pacific Beach, Matt Richman, is no stranger to exposing guests\u2019 taste buds to new and different flavor combinations. Constructing his entr\u00e9es with in-season ingredients, Chef Richman blends Californian cuisine with Mediterranean and Latin American flavors. His Glazed Pork Cheeks with guajillo-tamarind glaze, braised greens and polenta is a perfect example. Pork cheek, also known as guanciale, is often unsmoked Italian bacon, similar to hog jowl used as seasoning in Southern soul food. However, Chef Richman has used this part of the pig to create a dish that touches base on his own culinary philosophy and offers a delicious dish that is tender and savory. [PAR] Geoge's California Modern [PAR] Located in Downtown La Jolla on Prospect Street, George's California Modern offers an a la carte dinner menu that boasts a wide range of exquisite selections that focus on California ingredients with a modern twist. Executive Chef and partner Trey Foshee showcases his culinary genius by taking traditional entrees and \u2018turning them inside out\u2019. He uses a part of the cow that many people wouldn\u2019t dare to eat: the tongue. Chef Foshee\u2019s Warm Beef Tongue is paired with grilled onions, avocado mousse, habanero, smoked garlic tomato vinaigrette and house pickles. Beef tongue is very high in fat, with almost 75% of its calories coming from it, and that is what makes it so delicious. The high fat content added with the taste of beef gives diners a fabulous mixer that ultimately makes a wonderfully savory main dish. [PAR] Robata Ya Oton [PAR] While Japanese restaurants may be a dime-a-dozen now, many manipulate diners into thinking what they serve is actually traditional Japanese cuisine. However, it\u2019s generally accompanied by Western-style characteristics (Do you think the crunchy roll\u2019s origin was from Japan? Yeah, I didn\u2019t think so, either) masked behind low-grade ingredients. Very few establishments in San Diego are genuine Japanese cuisine. Guests at Robata Ya Oton, however, can engulf all their culinary senses in a traditional Japanese menu that exceeds the boundaries of teriyaki chicken and white rice. Head Chef Aiko Ishito has created a classic menu that features entrees like Shio Chanko and Miso Chanko\u2014hot pot dishes that consist of a variety of vegetables, mushrooms, tofu, seafood, chicken and pork in a flavorful broth\u2014and a full list of Yakimono, grilled entrees featuring common meats such as beef, chicken, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Precious Seed | View or print articles from the Precious ... Precious Seed | View or print articles from the Precious Seed magazine [PAR] Golden Bells and Pomegranates (Exodus 28) A Golden Sound [PAR] Ivan Steeds, Bristol [PAR] Introduction [PAR] God's instructions to Moses as to the building of the tabernacle are recorded in detail. The specification includes the various costly materials to be used, the design and construction of the tent building and com\u00adpound, and listed items of furniture and equipment. It is emphasized that all that would follow must be according to the pattern God gave to Moses during the time they spent together on Mount Sinai. Included in the instructions are full details of priestly garments to be worn by Aaron and his sons. Aaron, the high priest, was dressed in unmatched splendour, in garments 'for glory and beauty', Exod. 28. 2. The outstanding quality of his raiment is conveyed in the description of its various parts, and listing of the costly materials required in their making. There were also beautiful and ornate embellishments. In all this we can look beyond Aaron, and see in these distinctive garments the beauties and glories of our Great High Priest. With spiritual discernment we can look at every detail of their composition, and acknowledge that all possess deep and meaningful significance; it is a significance that relates to past, present, and future. A worthy example of all this is to be seen in the golden bells attached to the robe of the ephod worn by Aaron, Exod. 28. 31-35; 39. 22-26. Their uniqueness in the scriptural record of things 'golden' is that not only were they to be seen, (and therefore to be appreciated for their intrinsic worth, design and ornamental value,) but they could also be heard. When Aaron set about his task of ministering in the HOLY PLACE, he was surrounded by objects of gold that appealed to the eye. However, as he moved around in the course of his holy occupation, another of his senses was affected, for a 'golden' sound registered upon the ear; it came from the bells attached to the skirts of his garment. [PAR] The Substance [PAR] The substance used in manufacturing these bells, gold, represents the most precious of all the metals that are found in scripture. Therefore gold can be regarded as fittingly symbolic of deity in that it represents that which is best and highest, and of supreme worth. Gold demonstrates the characteristics of deity, in particular divine righteousness, a characteristic that extends to men by reason of God's matchless grace. [PAR] The Setting [PAR] The setting for the bells was the hem of the garment worn by the high priest, and designated 'the robe of the ephod', Exod. 28. 31. It was one of the 'garments for glory and beauty' that transformed Aaron to a resplend\u00adence that anticipated the glories and beauties of Christ. The robe of the ephod was all of blue, and was worn under the beautiful and elaborate 'ephod', so that only parts of the robe were visible. A full view of the lower section of the robe was available, and around the hem of the robe were attached 'pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet. . . and bells of gold between them, round about', Exod. 28. 33. Instruction is given as to how these adornments were to be arranged, 'A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate upon the hem of the robe round about it', v. 34. [PAR] The Sound [PAR] The sound coming from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lettuce and its Relatives - Notes - HORT410 - Vegetable ... Lettuce and its Relatives - Notes - HORT410 - Vegetable Crops - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture - Purdue University [PAR] Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture [PAR] [PAR] Lettuce and its Relatives - Notes [PAR] Lettuce [PAR] Family name: Compositae (Asteraceae) [ Asteraceae Images ]. [PAR] The Latin name (Lactuca) is derived from the Latin root word \"lac\" or milk. [PAR] \"Lettuce\" derived from the French \"laitue\" meaning \"milk\". [PAR] \"Sativa\" means grown from seed. [PAR] Harvested organ: leaves, eaten raw, often in salads. [PAR] Dicotyledon. [PAR] Evidence from Egyptian tomb paintings that lettuce was cultivated before 4,500 B.C. [PAR] Derived from the weed Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce). [PAR] Prickly lettuce originally cultivated for forage and oil. [PAR] Prickly lettuce is extremely bitter. [PAR] Bitterness associated with the production of latex, the milky juice [ 30KB image ] still found in the cultivated varieties when they flower. [PAR] Bitter latex is known to be sleep-inducing. [PAR] Romans developed broad-leaved, non-heading, non-spiny types that were resistant to early seed stalk formation, had decreased latex content, and produced larger, uniformly germinating seed. [PAR] Romans blanched their lettuce (grew them for a period in the dark before harvest) to make them less bitter. [PAR] Lettuce history (TAMU) . [PAR] Modern lettuce types include: [PAR] 1. Crisphead (iceberg types) - large, heavy, tightly folded heads; brittle or crisp textured; prominently veined leaves; wrapper leaves green; inner leaves whitish-yellow; predominantly outdoor types; widely used in N. America. [PAR] 2. Butterhead (bibb or Boston lettuce types) - soft leaves; smooth texture; varieties bred for both outdoor summer conditions and greenhouse winter conditions; summer butterheads larger and firmer than the winter types; winter butterheads smaller and less compact; popular in N. Europe. [PAR] 3. Cos ( romaine ) - elongated leaves developing into large loaf-shaped heads; slower to bolt than other lettuces; useful as a warm-weather crop; popular in S. Europe and the U.S. (CA and AZ). [PAR] 4. Leaf - local marketing and home garden lettuce; grown mostly in greenhouses in the winter in northern and eastern regions; outdoor types of leaf lettuce have been developed and are grown mostly in CA and AZ. [PAR] Small-seeded. [PAR] Usually direct seeded; head-lettuce types sometimes transplanted. [PAR] Precision seeders required. [PAR] Seed often coated or pelletted. [PAR] Anticrustants often used to prevent the soil from crusting over after irrigation during pre-germination. [PAR] Days to harvest maturity: 40 days after seeding for leaf lettuce; 70 to 90 days for head lettuce. [PAR] CA is the major commercial lettuce producer, followed by AZ. [PAR] Lettuce for shipped is often kept fresh by vacuum cooling. [PAR] Self-pollinated. [PAR] Optimum growth temperature: 13 to 18 C. [PAR] Sensitive to both day length and high temperature. [PAR] late spring days and high temperatures prematurely bring on flower initiation causing bolting. [PAR] Breeding objectives: resistance to diseases and pests, increased yield and uniformity, improved quality, bolting resistance. [PAR] Soil pH optimum: 6.5 to 6.8. [PAR] Major insect pests of lettuce in the Midwest: [PAR] Harvested organ: leaves, eaten raw in salads or cooked. [PAR] Two major types; broad-leaved and curly-leaved. [PAR] Cultivated much like lettuce. [PAR] Sometimes blanched before harvest to reduce bitter flavor. [PAR] Witloof Chicory [PAR] Common names: witloof chicory , Belgian or French endive. [PAR] Latin name: Cichorium intybus. [PAR] Family name: Compositae (Asteraceae) [ Asteraceae Images ]. [PAR] Diploid (2n = 18). [PAR] Perennial typically grown as a biennial. [PAR] Creamy white, elongated heads, about 5 cm in diameter and from 12 to 18 cm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Halloumi Cheese - Mediterranean Diet for All The History of Halloumi Cheese [PAR] Mediterranean Diet for All \u00bb History \u00bb The History of Halloumi Cheese [PAR] The History of Halloumi Cheese [PAR] April 22, 2011 [PAR] Pin It [PAR] The Republic of Cyprus or just Cyprus, name of the state more familiar to the common people, is located in the far east of the Mediterranean Sea and it is one of the countries that Mediterranean Diet flourishes. The island has a long and diverse history full of legendary events. The most prominent event was announced by one of the myth relating of Aphrodite\u2019s birth. Cyprus is the cradle and home island of the goddess of love and a place where lots of Mediterranean foods grow and/or are prepared. [PAR] In Cyprus none of the acquaintances can take place without an excessively served festive table, an interesting and loud communication, singing and dancing. Like in many Mediterranean cultures, food and the table ceremony are the nation\u2019s identity and its characteristic feature. An integral part and unique component of the Cyprus table is certainly a traditional white cheese Halloumi or Challoumi. The name of the cheese derives from the Greek word \u201calmi\u201d \u2013 salty water. The name probably linked with the salty brine which accompanies the cheese and adds to its better preservation. [PAR] In the minds of people all over the world Halloumi is associated with Cyprus as the product traditionally made and originated in the island. The history of this exceptional and very tasty cheese counts a tail of centuries. Some references state that its origin was tracked in the Bedouin tribes of the Middle East who found its preservative features suitable for their life style. Therefore it is not easy to stipulate when exactly it appeared on the Cyprus territory and was widely produced by peasants. [PAR] Definitely it was made before the Turkish invasion and was an essential constituent of the Cypriots\u2019 diet despite of the absence of any refrigeration facilities. Historical reports of the times of the Venetian dominion (1554) give written evidences that Halloumi was a typical product of this area for centuries. The chronicles say that \u201ccaloumi\u201d as it was spelled in Venitian was widely produced in Cyprus. [PAR] At those times the Halloumi season was in March when the yield of quality and fat-rich milk was at peak. On those far days this sort of cheese was produced strictly of goat or sheep milk, their mixture was applicable as well. Containing goat and sheep milk the cheese had and having now a specific tangy and creamy taste which forms its distinguishing feature. The secret of cheese making was transferred from generation to generation. Halloumi production was a social activity. The families and neighbors of the same village united in the cooperatives to produce enough cheese for the next period. [PAR] Halloumi was the basic requirement of the rural people diet so it was obligatory to have a good stock of it. Within a few weeks of joint work aimed at processing of milk the whole neighborhood gathered required quantity of Halloumi for all the locals. The woman was honored to make the main food of every feast and common day. Only tender and kind hands of a woman could prepare this important component of the traditional cuisine. [PAR] All the stages of Halloumi making was coordinated and controlled by a special person, woman of course, named \u201cgalatarka\u201d \u2013 a cheese woman \u2013 the most experienced woman with the biggest number of animals.Pacing of technologies and emerging of machinery created"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bolillo | La Puente Bakery Bolillo | La Puente Bakery [PAR] La Puente Bakery [PAR] Facebook [PAR] Bolillo [PAR] A bolillo is a type of savory bread traditionally made in Mexico, where it originates. It is a variation of the baguette. It is about six inches long, in the shape of an oval, with a crunchy crust and a soft inside, known as migaj\u00f3n. A variation of the bolillo is the telera, which is very similar, though it has a more rounded shape, is divided in three sections, and is usually softer. Other variations include bolillos made of alternate ingredients such as whole wheat. [PAR] Enter your email address for Free Special Offers, News and More..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Gold Rush (1925) - Filmsite.org The Gold Rush (1925) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] The Gold Rush (1925) is the quintessential Chaplin/Little Tramp film, with a balance of slapstick comedy and pantomime, social satire, and emotional and dramatic moments of tenderness. It was Chaplin's own personal favorite film, that showcases the classic Tramp character (referred to as \"The Little Fellow\" in the re-release version) as a romantic idealist and lone gold prospector at the turn of the century, with his cane, derby, distinctive walk, tight shabby suit, and mustache. [PAR] Classic scenes include the starvation scene of two cabin-marooned prospectors boiling and fastidiously eating a stewed shoe, the Tramp's cabin-mate deliriously imagining his companion as a large chicken, the teetering cabin on the edge of a cliff, and Chaplin's lonely fantasized New Year's Eve party (with the dancing dinner rolls routine) when he waits for a girl who never comes. [PAR] Early working titles for the film included Lucky Strike and The Northern Story. The film, inspired in part by the gruesome Donner Party story, was shot (over a period of 15 months from spring 1924-summer 1925) both on a Hollywood studio back lot and in Truckee, California/Nevada, and premiered in New York at the Strand Theatre in mid-August, 1925. Chaplin's film was re-released in 1942 with added sound narration and music, both spoken and composed/arranged by Chaplin. [PAR] The Story [PAR] It is prefaced with historical background: [PAR] During the Great Gold Rush to Alaska, men in thousands came from all parts of the world. Many of them were ignorant of the hardships before them - The intense cold, the lack of food and a journey through regions of ice and snow were the problems that awaited them. [PAR] In the spectacular opening scene, there is a view of an endless trail/line of hundreds of prospectors in the Klondike of Alaska in 1898, in the days of the Klondike Gold Rush. They are winding their way along to seek their fortunes, climbing up a mountain through the snow-covered Chilkoot Pass in search of the gold fields: \"The Chilkoot Pass. A test of man's endurance. At this point, many turned back discouraged, while others went naively on.\" And then, \"Three days from anywhere - a Lone Prospector,\" a lone Tramp (Charlie Chaplin) appears. With his cane, he is making his own trail on a snow-covered path, unaware that he is being followed by a bear. [PAR] Another fortune-hunter is Big Jim McKay (Mack Swain), who has just made a lucky strike fortune of gold. He exclaims, with outstretched arms: \"I've found it! I've found it! A Mountain of Gold.\" Perilously lost, and facing a blizzard storm, the Tramp blindly seeks shelter. At the same time, Big Jim's tent is blown away in the storm. The Tramp arrives at the lone cabin of fearsome trapper Black Larsen (Tom Murray), a violent and \"wanted\" man. He enters the cabin, warming himself. But then, Black Larsen appears and he is ordered out. In a well-designed sight gag, the strong wind makes it appear that he is on a treadmill. The fierce wind blows him in and out of the doors of the cabin and also blows in Big Jim. Both men seek refuge in Black Larsen's cabin. [PAR] Black Larsen orders both of them out. He and Jim wrestle with a shot gun, forever aiming the muzzle of the gun at the Tramp during their struggle. Thanks to Big Jim's physical strength, Black Larsen is overpowered (and congratulated by the Tramp),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Favorite Pizzas, and ... The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Favorite Pizzas, and More Fun Food Facts from the Franchise | Epicurious.com | Epicurious.com [PAR] The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Favorite Pizzas, and More Fun Food Facts From the Franchise [PAR] by Louise Hart [PAR] on 08/04/14 at 02:45 PM [PAR] Not a mutant and not a teenager. Photo: Shutterstock [PAR] This Friday, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , a live-action reboot starring Megan Fox as April O'Neil, hits theaters. It's hard to believe, but this year marks the 30th anniversary of these four juvenile anthropomorphic turtles. And food -- in particular, pizza -- has been an integral part of the TMNT franchise from inception (creators, Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird, often ate pizza while working on the cartoon). [PAR] Here's a primer on all the important food facts you need to know before heading to see the latest TMNT film. [PAR] Michelangelo loves pizza the most out the bunch, and in the Archie Comics and 1987 television series, the Turtles try a variety of toppings, including clams, tuna, sauerkraut, chocolate, ice cream, bananas, jelly beans and peanut butter. James Rolfe, a.k.a. Angry Video Game Nerd, conducts a \" Michelangelo Pizza Taste Test \" with friends (video above). [PAR] Michelangelo's quote \"peanut butter and clams is an acquired taste\" may be the understatement of the century, but it wasn't the worst-tasting pizza the turtles tried; that might be butterscotch, onion, and anchovy pizza. Foodbeast managed to photograph 24 of the most disgusting TMNT pizza orders in a way that makes them only look semi-unappetizing. Butterscotch, onion, and anchovy is pictured, above. [PAR] Fun fact: Turtle fans will have noticed that in the 2003 television series, the Turtles liked pizza as kids (\"Attack of the Mousers\" and \"The Lesson\"), whereas in the 2012 television series, the Turtles subsist upon algae and worms growing up in the sewers, and it isn't until Raphael scares a pizza delivery guy from Antonio's that they discover pizza proper. [PAR] The Shredder is aware that pizzas are the Turtles' kryptonite and includes it in many of his plans to destroy them. Other pizza creations featured on TMNT include pizza noodle soup, p-shake (a combination of pizza and milkshake; pictured above), and pizza gyoza. [PAR] Turtleholics will remember Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cereal. Introduced in 1989, the cereal featured crunchie sweetened ninja \"nets\" (that looked suspiciously like Chex cereal pieces) and \"ninja turtle\" marshmallows; pizza-shaped marshmallows were added later. You can still buy the cereal boxes, magnets, and turtle bowls on eBay . [PAR] In 1990, Hostess launched a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle Pudding Pie with green sugar crust and vanilla pudding inside \"fresh from the sewers to you.\" A Facebook group is trying to bring back the discontinued snack, and the Surfing Pizza blog tried to re-create them at home . [PAR] Slightly more impressive than the 1987 TMNT portable pizza thrower (commercial above) is the Pizza Hut-sponsored pizza thrower. Capable of throwing cardboard pizzas 30 feet at up to 20 feet per second, it debuted at Comic Con . [PAR] Pizza Hut also designed four cheesy bites pizzas \"based upon the personalities of each Turtle\": Michelangelo: pepperoni, smoked ham, pineapple, and jalepenos; Donatello: chicken, mushrooms, green peppers, Roma tomatoes; Leonardo: sweet red onions, black olives, green peppers, mushrooms; Raphael: pepperoni, sausage, bacon, and beef. [PAR] Since their launch on July 7, Raphael's meat-heavy pizza has been the most popular . Cowabunga.[DOC] [TLE] Biography - Donatello - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Biography - Donatello - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles [PAR] Teenage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiramisu Recipe - Tuscan Trifle - Whats Cooking America Tiramisu Recipe and History, Whats Cooking America [PAR] The Timeless Art of Italian Cuisine \u2013 Centuries of Scrumptious Dining by Anna Maria Volpi, states the following from her research on the history of tiramisu: [PAR] \u201cLater in my research the oldest recipe I could find was in the book by Giovanni Capnist I Dolci del Veneto (The Desserts of Veneto). The first edition was published in 1983 and has a classic recipe for Tiramisu. Recent recipe with infinite variations from the town of Treviso, says Capnist, discovery of restaurants more then family tradition. [PAR] But the final word on the origin of Tiramisu is from the book by Fernando e Tina Raris La Marca Gastronomica published in 1998, a book entirely dedicated to the cuisine from the town of Treviso. The authors remember what Giuseppe Maffioli wrote in an article in 1981: Tiramisu was born recently, just 10 years ago in the town of Treviso. It was proposed for the first time in the restaurant Le Beccherie. The dessert and its name became immediately extremely popular, and this cake and the name where copied by many restaurants first in Treviso then all around Italy. Still today the restaurant Le Beccherie makes the dessert with the classical recipe: ladyfingers soaked in bitter strong espresso coffee, mascarpone-zabaglione cream, and bitter cocoa powder. Alba and Ado Campeol, owners of the restaurant regret they did not patent the name and the recipe, especially to avoid all the speculation and guesses on the origin of this cake, and the diffusion of so many recipes that have nothing to do with the original Tiramisu.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Researcher Pietro Mascioni traces the dessert back to the 1960\u2019s, to a town in Tuscany called Treviso: [PAR] \u201cBorn recently, less than two decades ago, in the city of Treviso, is a dessert called Tiramesu which was made for the first time in a restaurant, Alle Beccherie, by a pastry chef called Loly Linguanotto. The story is very credible, said Mascioni, who traveled to Treviso to talk to the Campeols last fall. There, matriarch Alba Campeol told Mascioni that she got the idea for the dessert after the birth of one of her children. She was very weak in bed and her mother-in-law brought her a zabaglione, spiked with coffee to give her energy. [PAR] [PAR] 1990s \u2013 In America, its popularity began in San Francisco, and today, Tiramisu can be found in restaurants throughout the United States. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Comments from Charlie (Calogero) Villareale (I grew up on Long Island, NY but now reside in Ormond Beach, FL): [PAR] Love your site on Tiramisu. I was doing some research on this delicious dessert so I can make it at home and stumbled upon it today. Interested in its history as a young man, I was told of its origin many years ago by my uncle, who was born in Sicily in 1916. I am a first generation American and my family immigrated from Sicily. My uncle traveled the world, during his years in business, manufacturing ink ribbons for typewriters and then computer printers. My uncle was the man who invented the machine that put the carbon onto carbon paper and the ribbons back in the 1950\u2019s, and he patented it. He did quite well for himself over the years and told me of his escapades in Italy where he patronized those same bordellos. He told me a similar story regarding brothels, or bordellos as he referred to them. He said it was the patrons, not the courtesans,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dream of Gerontius | work by Elgar | Britannica.com The Dream of Gerontius | work by Elgar | Britannica.com [PAR] The Dream of Gerontius [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in Sir Edward Elgar [PAR] ...in 1899, brought Elgar recognition as a leading composer and became his most frequently performed composition. In 1900 there followed another major work, the oratorio The Dream of Gerontius, which many consider his masterpiece. Based on a poem by John Henry Cardinal Newman, it dispensed with the traditional admixture of recitatives, arias, and choruses,... [PAR] in oratorio: Oratorio after 1750 [PAR] A masterpiece of 20th-century English oratorio is Sir Edward Elgar\u2019s Dream of Gerontius (1900). The poem by Cardinal Newman on which it is based has a dramatic framework within which the music could expand without becoming disorderly. Igor Stravinsky\u2019s opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), with a Latin text, was most successful in the opera house. The Swiss Frank Martin was one of..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Alamo | film by Wayne [1960] | Britannica.com The Alamo | film by Wayne [1960] | Britannica.com [PAR] film by Wayne [1960] [PAR] The Alamo, American epic film , released in 1960, that was John Wayne \u2019s dream project about the Battle of the Alamo (1836). [PAR] A scene from The Alamo (1960), directed by John Wayne. [PAR] \u00a9 1960 United Artists with Batjac Productions and The Alamo Company [PAR] Frontier legend Davy Crockett (played by Wayne) and his men arrive in San Antonio , Texas, and volunteer to help defend the Alamo, a hopelessly outgunned mission-turned-fort that is about to be assaulted by Gen. Antonio L\u00f3pez de Santa Anna \u2019s Mexican army. The post is commanded by Col. William Travis ( Laurence Harvey ), a courageous but overly strict officer whose methods clash with those of the folksy Crockett and his fellow legendary frontiersman Jim Bowie ( Richard Widmark ). Travis hopes to hold the Alamo long enough for Sam Houston ( Richard Boone ) to send additional troops. When word arrives that the reinforcements have been massacred en route, Travis gives the volunteers permission to leave the fortress, as they would face certain death against overwhelming odds. To a man, they opt to stay. Moved by their courage, Travis mounts an aggressive plan to forestall the inevitable defeat. The Alamo defenders repel the first attack but cannot hold off the second assault. Travis dies in battle. Crockett is killed by a lance, but before he dies, he manages to ignite the ammunition depot in a spectacular explosion, and the wounded Bowie dies fighting from his hospital bed. [PAR] Wayne had long been interested in bringing the Battle of the Alamo to the big screen, and he was involved in most aspects of the filmmaking. In addition to starring in the movie, he served as director and producer and also provided some of the financing. Although the script was heavy-handed at times\u2014with grizzled mountain men emoting about freedom and patriotism\u2014the film was largely entertaining, especially the final battle, which ranks among cinema\u2019s great action sequences. Praise was also extended to Dimitri Tiomkin\u2019s score. At the time of its release, The Alamo received mixed reviews and had limited success at the box office. Some of the negative reception was blamed on an overly aggressive marketing campaign\u2014one that only increased in intensity after the film received seven Academy Award nominations, including a nod for best picture. The backlash mounted after Oscar nominee Chill Wills implied that voting for anyone else would be anti-American. In the end, the film won two Academy Awards, for sound and cinematography. [PAR] Production notes and credits [PAR] Studios: Batjac Productions and The Alamo Company [PAR] Director and producer: John Wayne [PAR] Writer: James Edward Grant [PAR] John Wayne (Col. Davy Crockett) [PAR] Richard Widmark (Jim Bowie) [PAR] Richard Boone (Gen. Sam Huston) [PAR] Chill Wills (Beekeeper)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clarissa Harlowe or the History of a Young Lady, the ... Clarissa Harlowe or the History of a Young Lady, the longest novel in the English language, all 9 volumes in a single file by Samuel Richardson on iBooks [PAR] This book is available for download with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device, and with iTunes on your computer. Books can be read with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device. [PAR] Description [PAR] According to Wikipedia: \"Samuel Richardson's Clarissa, or, the History of a Young Lady epistolary novel, published in 1748, tells the tragic story of a heroine whose quest for virtue is continually thwarted by her family. It is commonly cited as the longest novel in the English language.\" Richardson \"was a major English 18th century writer best known for his three epistolary novels: Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded (1740), Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady (1748) and Sir Charles Grandison (1753). Richardson had been an established printer and publisher for most of his life when, at the age of 51, he wrote his first novel and immediately became one of the most popular and admired writers of his time.\" [PAR] Customers Also Bought [PAR] Print Length: 2139 Pages [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Requirements: To view this book, you must have an iOS device with iBooks 1.3.1 or later and iOS 4.3.3 or later, or a Mac with iBooks 1.0 or later and OS X 10.9 or later. [PAR] Customer Ratings[DOC] [TLE] Samuel Richardson | English novelist | Britannica.com Samuel Richardson | English novelist | Britannica.com [PAR] Samuel Richardson [PAR] Horace Walpole, 4th earl of Orford [PAR] Samuel Richardson, (baptized Aug. 19, 1689, Mackworth, near Derby, Derbyshire, Eng.\u2014died July 4, 1761, Parson\u2019s Green, near London ), English novelist who expanded the dramatic possibilities of the novel by his invention and use of the letter form (\u201c epistolary novel \u201d). His major novels were Pamela (1740) and Clarissa (1747\u201348). [PAR] Samuel Richardson, detail of an oil painting by J. Highmore; in the National Portrait Gallery, \u2026 [PAR] Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London [PAR] Richardson was 50 years old when he wrote Pamela, but of his first 50 years little is known. His ancestors were of yeoman stock. His father, also Samuel, and his mother\u2019s father, Stephen Hall, became London tradesmen, and his father, after the death of his first wife, married Stephen\u2019s daughter, Elizabeth, in 1682. A temporary move of the Richardsons to Derbyshire accounts for the fact that the novelist was born in Mackworth. They returned to London when Richardson was 10. He had at best what he called \u201conly Common School-Learning.\u201d The perceived inadequacy of his education was later to preoccupy him and some of his critics. [PAR] Richardson was bound apprentice to a London printer, John Wilde. Sometime after completing his apprenticeship he became associated with the Leakes, a printing family whose presses he eventually took over when he set up in business for himself in 1721 and married Martha Wilde, the daughter of his master. Elizabeth Leake, the sister of a prosperous bookseller of Bath, became his second wife in 1733, two years after Martha\u2019s death. His domestic life was marked by tragedy. All six of the children from his first marriage died in infancy or childhood. By his second wife he had four daughters who survived him, but two other children died in infancy. These and other bereavements contributed to the nervous ailments of his later life. [PAR] In his professional life Richardson was hardworking and successful. With the growth in prominence of his press went his steady"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean Lee - The last woman to be hanged in Australia Jean Lee - The last woman to be hanged in Australia [PAR] state on the morning of [PAR] Monday, February 19th, 1951 [PAR] . She and her two male companions were hanged for the murder of 73 year old dwelling house landlord and bookmaker, William \"Pop\" Kent. [PAR] Jean Lee was apparently quite intelligent and a bit rebellious at school and had a succession of dead end jobs from which she soon left or was fired. [PAR] She married at 18 and lived with her husband for about nine years before leaving him and entrusting her daughter to her mother. She had a relationship with a petty criminal who got her into prostitution with American servicemen. He acted as her pimp whilst she worked to support them both. [PAR] She left him for another professional criminal, Robert David Clayton, with whom she fell deeply in love. As is so often the case, she became caught in a downward spiral. She was in love with a criminal who abused her and used her in his criminal activities. [PAR] These centered principally on what was known as the \"badger game.\" Lee, at the time, a voluptuous and attractive woman (see photo) would pick up men and get them to a hotel room, their own home, or a car where she would appear to be about to have sex with them. Once they were semi-naked and vulnerable, Clayton would appear in the role of outraged husband and demand money from them. Usually the victims handed over their ready cash but kept quiet for fear of their wives finding out or of being ridiculed - so it was a fairly safe bet. If they were not forthcoming Clayton would beat them up. It was a scheme that had worked well, although at least two previous cases had been reported to the police. [PAR] On the evening of [PAR] November 7th, 1949 [PAR] , Lee, Clayton and a third accomplice, Norman Andrews whom Clayton had met in prison, saw William Kent in a [PAR] Melbourne [PAR] hotel lounge. Jean Lee had several drinks with [PAR] Kent [PAR] and soon succeeded in persuading the old man to take her back to his apartment where she tried to pick his pockets. [PAR] However, Mr. [PAR] Kent [PAR] , although inebriated and quite elderly, was of sterner stuff. He put up a fight with Lee which was ended when Clayton and Andrews entered his room. Mr. [PAR] Kent [PAR] was systematically kicked, beaten and tortured over the next hour in an attempt to get him to reveal where he kept his money. His hands had been tied behind his back and his thumbs tied together with bootlaces. He had been repeatedly stabbed with a small knife and was finally manually strangled. [PAR] The trio were soon arrested at their hotel and bloodstained clothing was found in Lee's and Andrew's rooms. At police headquarters, they were questioned in separate rooms where each initially denied their involvement and then started to blame the others. [PAR] They came to trial on [PAR] March 20th, 1950 [PAR] at [PAR] Melbourne [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Criminal Court and the proceedings lasted six days. As each had tried to shift the blame on to the others in their statements to the police, the trial judge Mr. Justice Gavan Duffy explained the law of \"common purpose\" to the jury, i.e. that when three people take part in a violent robbery and murder they are all equally guilty, irrespective of which one had actually strangled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny Cash Biography (Country Musician/Country Singer ... Johnny Cash Biography (Country Musician/Country Singer/Songwriter) [PAR] Died: 12 September 2003 (complications from diabetes) [PAR] Birthplace: Kingsland, Arkansas [PAR] Best known as: The singer of \"Folsom Prison Blues\" [PAR] Country singer Johnny Cash was nicknamed \"The Man in Black,\" a nod to his wardrobe as well as to the darker themes of his music. He got his start with Sun Records in 1955. Like fellow Sun recording artists Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins and Elvis Presley , Cash used country and gospel influences in what was called rockabilly, an early form of rock 'n' roll. He wrote \"Folsom Prison Blues\" while serving in the Air Force and in 1956 the song became one of his first big hits. In the 1950s and '60s Cash toured relentlessly and had many more hits, employing his rumbling, mournful baritone on tunes like \"I Walk the Line\" and \"Ring of Fire.\" In 1968 he married June Carter of the Carter Family Singers. Cash later performed with artists as diverse as Bob Dylan and U2 . He earned a new audience with his 1994 acoustic album American Recordings and continued to record new songs in spite of ongoing struggles with pneumonia, diabetes and a nervous system disease known as autonomic neuropathy. Cash was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. Two years before his death, in 2001, he received the National Medal of the Arts for artistic excellence. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Johnny\u2019s daughter, Roseanne Cash, is also a country singer\u2026 Johnny Cash was played by Joaquin Phoenix in the 2005 biographical film Walk the Line. June Carter Cash was played by Reese Witherspoon \u2026 A theatrical musical based on his life, Ring of Fire, opened in 2006. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] 10 Most Famous Country Singers | Made Man 10 Most Famous Country Singers | Made Man [PAR] 10 Most Famous Country Singers [PAR] Facebook Twitter Stumble Google+ Save [PAR] Everyone has their favorite country singer, but here is a list of some of the 10 most famous country singers of all time. Feel free to make up your own list of who you think are the most famous country singers. [PAR] Johnny Cash, dubbed \u201cThe Man in Black,\u201d was the youngest inductee to the Country Hall of Fame. Two of his most famous hits were \u201cI Walk the Line\u201d and \u201cRing of Fire.\u201d He married June Carter, and they had seven children. He sold over 90 million records during his lifetime. [PAR] GeorgeStraitwas inducted in 2006 to the Country Hall of Fame. He had seventeen number one hits on Billboard in the 1990s. Some of his more famous songs are \u201cAll My Exes Live in Texas,\u201d \u201cLove Without End, Amen,\u201d and \u201cI Cross My Heart.\u201d He won the CMA award for his album in 1985, for his singing in 1986, and many more awards after that. [PAR] Loretta Lynn won her first CMA award in 1972 for Entertainer of the Year. She is best known for her hits \u201cCoal Miner\u2019s Daughter\u201d and \u201cI Lie.\u201d She has had 52 top ten hits, sixteen number one hits, and also won the Vocal Duo of the Year with Conway Twitty from 1972 to 1976. After taking time off to care for her sick husband in the 1990s, she came back to a whole new group of fans. [PAR] Rebe McEntire was awarded the National Artistic Achievement Award by the U.S. Congress. She has sold over 55 million"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] R\u00edmac River, Peru Tourist Information R\u00edmac River, Peru Tourist Information [PAR] Lima Region, Peru [PAR] -11.9473-76.7079 [PAR] The R\u00edmac River is located in western Peru and is the most important source of potable water for the Lima and Callao Metropolitan Area. The river is part of the Pacific watershed and has a length of 160 km. The river begins in the highlands of the Huarochir\u00ed Province in the Lima Region and its mouth is located in Callao, near Jorge Ch\u00e1vez International Airport. The name R\u00edmac is from the Quechua word rimaq, meaning \"talking\", leading to it being nicknamed El R\u00edo Hablador (\"The Talking River\"). [PAR] Map"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1938: 'Peace for our time ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1938: 'Peace for our time' - Chamberlain [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1938: 'Peace for our time' - Chamberlain [PAR] The British Prime Minister has been hailed as bringing \"peace to Europe\" after signing a non-aggression pact with Germany. [PAR] PM Neville Chamberlain arrived back in the UK today, holding an agreement signed by Adolf Hitler which stated the German leader's desire never to go to war with Britain again. [PAR] The two men met at the Munich conference between Britain, Germany, Italy and France yesterday, convened to decide the future of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. [PAR] Mr Chamberlain declared the accord with the Germans signalled \"peace for our time\", after he had read it to a jubilant crowd gathered at Heston airport in west London. [PAR] The German leader stated in the agreement: \"We are determined to continue our efforts to remove possible sources of difference and thus to contribute to assure the peace of Europe.\" [PAR] But many MPs are bound to criticise it as part of the Prime Minister's \"appeasement\" of German aggression in Europe. [PAR] And Mr Chamberlain's personal pact will be little comfort to the Czechoslovakian Government which has been forced to hand over the region of Sudetenland to Germany, despite not being present at the conference. [PAR] After greeting members of the public at the airport, Mr Chamberlain appeared in front of another rejoicing throng on the balcony of Buckingham Palace with the King and Queen, and again later outside 10 Downing Street. [PAR] The British Prime Minister was forced to mobilise the Royal Navy four days ago when Germany announced it was building massive fortifications in Rhineland. [PAR] But the Conservative leader has always expressed his desire to find a peaceful solution to the Fuehrer's wish to create a new - and enlarged - German homeland in Europe.[DOC] [TLE] British Historical Documents: \"Peace for Our Time,\" 1938 British Historical Documents: \"Peace for Our Time,\" 1938 [PAR] Neville Chamberlain [PAR] \"Peace for Our Time,\" September 30, 1938 [PAR] The following statement was made by British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, in front of #10 Downing Street, London, after his arrival home from the notorious Munich Conference of 1938 [PAR] We, the German Fuhrer and Chancellor, and the British Prime Minister, have had a further meeting today and are agreed in recognizing that the question of Anglo-German relations is of the first importance for our two countries and for Europe. [PAR] We regard the agreement signed last night and the Anglo-German Naval Agreement as symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again. [PAR] We are resolved that the method of consultation shall be the method adopted to deal with any other questions that may concern our two countries, and we are determined to continue our efforts to remove possible sources of difference, and thus to contribute to assure the peace of Europe. [PAR] My good friends, for the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is \"peace for our time.\" Go home and get a nice quiet sleep"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unusual Pets for Unusual People - TV Tropes Unusual Pets for Unusual People - TV Tropes [PAR] Unusual Pets for Unusual People [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Unusual Pets for Unusual People [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] YMMV [PAR] In fiction the type of pet a character owns is often used to signify their personality. Dogs are the default , fish are usually only for young characters as their first pet, and cats are often used for introverts, especially female ones . So what of the other pets out there? [PAR] As a form of Animal Stereotype less mainstream pets like rodents, reptiles, or ferrets tend to be owned by characters who are oddball, awkward, or loners. Reptiles and rats (though rarely mice ) are often the go-to pet for villainous and malicious characters while others tend to signify the owner is atypical. Exotic pets are almost never owned by an 'average' character. Large predators (like a Panthera Awesome ) as pets often imply that the person is rich and/or powerful, if a bit eccentric. [PAR] Compare Heroes Love Dogs (for characterizing heroes/good guys), Right-Hand Cat (the odd fondness of villainous characters for cats), and Familiar (the association of cats or other odd animals as magical companions for witches). [PAR] Examples: [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Anime & Manga [PAR] In One Piece the villian Spandam has a pet sword that can turn into an elephant. Really . Its name is \"Funkfreed\". [PAR] Comic Books [PAR] In Watchmen Ozymandias has a pet genetically-modified lynx, Bubastis. [PAR] In What If? v1 #43, where Conan the Barbarian is magically transported to present day New York City, he becomes a gang leader and has a pet leopard. [PAR] Hellblazer : Mako's first appearance shows him holding a baboon and a hyena on chains. He doesn't use them at any point, but are a very handy \"Do No Mess With\" shorthand. [PAR] Comic Strips [PAR] Nero . In Het Wonderwolkje The crazy pirate Abraham Tuizentfloot owns a pet pelican who flies him around. [PAR] Films \u2014 Animation [PAR] Aladdin . Princess Jasmine owns a pet tiger. She's a Rebellious Princess . [PAR] Anastasia : Rasputin is an undead and has a pet bat. Bartok is loyal to a point. [PAR] Lilo from Lilo & Stitch , a quirky girl with a dark streak, goes to the animal shelter and gets the weirdest looking pet there, actually an escaped alien who she thinks is a puppy. Before she does, she asks the shelter attendant for a lobster. [PAR] Rapunzel from Tangled has a pet chameleon. She grew up in a tower and was locked away from society for eighteen years, therefore is a bit of an awkward Plucky Girl . [PAR] Long John Silver from Disney's Treasure Planet is a corpulent alien cyborg who's Faux Affably Evil . His pet is Morph, a sentient blob of pinkish goo that's immune to gravity and can mimic anything it encounters. As long as Silver maintains his rugged but genial facade, Morph remains his loyal companion. However, once Silver shows his vicious and ruthless pirate side, Morph recoils from him and flees to Jim Hawkins. [PAR] The titular heroine of Moana has a pet piglet and a pet chicken (who specifically is noted as being odd due to his noticeable stupidity .) She is considered an odd one out amongst others on her island, because she wants to sail the seas while the others fear going past the reef. [PAR] Films \u2014 Live-Action [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Diet, cariogenic | Article about Diet, cariogenic by The ... Diet, cariogenic | Article about Diet, cariogenic by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Diet, cariogenic | Article about Diet, cariogenic by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Diet%2c+cariogenic [PAR] Dental Caries [PAR] [PAR] an affection of the solid tissues of the teeth manifested by their gradual destruction (enamel, dentin, cemen-tum) and the formation of cavities. [PAR] The causes of dental caries are varied and have not been completely determined. According to the chemical-parasitic theory, it results from the mineral part of the teeth being dissolved by acids formed in the mouth during the breakdown of the carbohydrates in food; the organic portion of the teeth is subsequently decomposed by microbes. Dental caries may also develop without the action of microbes as a result of metabolic disturbances in the dental tissues. Diet is an important factor in the origin of dental caries. Dental caries was induced experimentally by giving animals food containing a large quantity of sugar. In localities where the drinking water is low in fluorine, the incidence of dental caries is particularly high. The individual enzyme peculiarities of the body, diseases, a mother\u2019s diet during pregnancy, improper artificial feeding of infants, and rickets also affect the incidence of dental caries. [PAR] Caries generally affects the teeth of the upper jaw, especially the fifth milk and first molar teech. The carious process is usually concentrated near natural depressions on the tooth surface and on the contiguous surfaces in the neck of a tooth (region next to the gum). The disease starts with the formation of a defect in the enamel or neck part of the cementum projecting freely into the mouth. On reaching the dentin, the process spreads wide and deep, forming a carious cavity. Once started, the process does not stop but gradually progresses. The enamel loses its luster and transparency at the site of dental caries, and pigmentation and roughness appear. When the integrity of the enamel is impaired, pain is felt on eating sweet, acid, salty, hot, or cold food. Dental caries is usually chronic. Acute dental caries is generally found in young people, and it is often due to a disturbance of internal secretion. [PAR] Treatment consists in restoration of the anatomical structure and function of the tooth by filling it. The procedure involves removal of the soft dentin and formation of a suitable cavity to hold the filling. [PAR] Prevention consists in taking action to increase tooth resistance to caries (providing the body with the essential salts, chiefly calcium and phosphorus, and vitamin D) during formation and mineralization of the teeth (from the fourth to fifth month of intrauterine development to age 11 years). After the teeth erupt prevention consists in proper diet and oral hygiene. [PAR] REFERENCES"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ken Bruce 'to be replaced by Simon Mayo on BBC Radio 2 ... Ken Bruce 'to be replaced by Simon Mayo on BBC Radio 2' - Telegraph [PAR] Celebrity news [PAR] Ken Bruce 'to be replaced by Simon Mayo on BBC Radio 2' [PAR] Ken Bruce is set to lose his job as the host of Radio 2's mid-morning show, angering listeners already infuriated by the station's efforts to attract younger listeners. [PAR] Ken Bruce is to be replaced by Radio 5 Live presenter Simon Mayo Photo: DAVID ROSE [PAR] By Matthew Moore [PAR] 4:23PM GMT 09 Nov 2008 [PAR] The veteran disc jockey, who has worked at the BBC for 26 years, is to be replaced by Radio 5 Live presenter Simon Mayo, his occasional stand-in. [PAR] Bruce's 9.30am show is one of the most popular on British radio, regularly attracting up to seven million listeners, many of whom have already expressed their anger at the decision. [PAR] Craig Wilson, who helped found the Ken Bruce Appreciation Group on social networking website on Facebook, said: \"I think it's an absolute travesty that Radio 2 are getting rid of one of their truly talented presenters. This is not what the station needs at the moment - it should be hanging on to its jewels in its crown. \" [PAR] Other fans registered their protest on internet message boards. One wrote: \"I sincerely hope they do not replace Ken with Simon Mayo. He is not a patch on Ken when he has sat in for him.\" [PAR] Bruce's departure - which follows the exits of Radio 2 favourites Jimmy Young and Johnnie Walker from their weekday slots - is reported to have been one of the final decisions taken by Lesley Douglas, the Radio 2 controller who was forced to resign last month over the prank phone calls made by Russell Brand and Jonathan Ross. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] BBC forced to change apology to Andrew Sachs after further complaint [PAR] 09 Nov 2008 [PAR] It was Mrs Douglas who spearheaded the station's drive to appeal to a younger audience, including hiring Brand, a decision known to have alienated long-serving Radio 2 broadcasters. [PAR] Bruce, 57, is expected leave the station after Radio 5 Live completes its long-awaited moved to Manchester around 2011. [PAR] Mayo, 50, who currently hosts the news and sport station's afternoon show, was known to have been reluctant to move his young family north and has been offered Bruce's slot to help keep him at the BBC. [PAR] \"Simon was concerned that the plan would be scrapped following Lesley Douglas's resignation after the Jonathan Ross and Russell Brand scandal,\" a Radio 2 insider told a Sunday newspaper. [PAR] \"But Simon made some calls last week and has been assured that it will all go ahead and he will still be taking over the Ken Bruce show.\" [PAR] Bruce, who grew up in Glasgow, joined the BBC Scotland after failing to make the grade as an accountant. He moved to Radio 2 to Saturday Late Show in 1984, and briefly replaced Sir Terry Wogan as host of the breakfast show before taking up the mid-morning slot. He is currently writing his autobiography, and has expressed a desire end his career north of the border. [PAR] His biography on the Radio 2 website ends: \"Ken is content to remain at Radio 2 until the call comes to restore him to his rightful place on the Throne of Scotland.\" [PAR] A BBC spokeswoman said Bruce had recently signed a new contract at the station, but did not disclose"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sikhism Flashcards - Create, Study and Share Online Flash ... Sikhism Flashcards [PAR] a follower of Sikhism (or of or relating to Sikhs or Sikhism) [PAR] Term [PAR] Guru Nanak [PAR] Definition [PAR] The founder of the religion of Sikhism and the first of ten Sikh Gurus. Born Hindu and later had an inner conviction to create the Sikh religion. [PAR] Term [PAR] Ik Onkar [PAR] Definition [PAR] central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy. It is a symbol of the unity of God in Sikhism, and is found on all religious scriptures and places such as Gurdwaras. Refers to the existence of \u201cone God.\u201d [PAR] Term [PAR] Waheguru [PAR] Definition [PAR] meaning \u201cwonderful teacher\u201d, a term used in Sikhism to refer to God, the Supreme Being or the creator of all. [PAR] Term [PAR] The spiritual center for Sikhs, home to the Golden Temple and the gateway to Punjab. [PAR] Term [PAR] Khalsa [PAR] Definition [PAR] meaning \u201cpure\u201d, Khalsa\u2019s are Sikhs which have undergone the sacred Amrit Ceremony initiated by the 10th Sikh Guru. The Khalsa baptism ceremony is undertaken as part of ones own personal spiritual evolution when the initiate is ready to fully live up to the high expectations of Guru Gobind Singh. All Sikhs are expected to be Khalsa or working towards that objective. [PAR] Term [PAR] Guru Granth Sahib [PAR] Definition [PAR] The final and eternal guru of the Sikhs. It is the religious text of Sikhism. Regarded as the teachings of the Ten Gurus. The role of Adi Granth, as a source of guide of prayer, is pivotal in worship in Sikhism. [PAR] Term [PAR] Gurudwara [PAR] Definition [PAR] meaning \u201cthe gateway to the Guru\u201d, is a place of worship for Sikhs (similar to a church for catholics) [PAR] Term [PAR] balance (earn your money righteously and honestly) [one of three pilars] [PAR] Term [PAR] Vand Ke Chakko [PAR] Definition [PAR] generosity (share ones wealth with others in the community, to give to charity, to generally help others in the community who need help)[one of three pilars] [PAR] Term [PAR] Kesh [PAR] Definition [PAR] the practice of allowing one\u2019s hair to grow naturally as a symbol of respect for the perfection of God\u2019s creation. [one of five k's] [PAR] Term [PAR] Kangha [PAR] Definition [PAR] a small comb worn by Sikhs, one of the five articles of faith for Sikhs. [one of five k's] [PAR] Term [PAR] Katchera [PAR] Definition [PAR] specially made cotton underwear as a reminder of the commitment to purity, one of the five articles of faith for Sikhs. [one of five k's] [PAR] Term [PAR] Kara [PAR] Definition [PAR] a steel circle, worn on the wrist, signifying bondage to Truth and freedom from every other entanglement. One of the five articles of faith for Sikhs. [one of five k's] [PAR] Term [PAR] Kirpan [PAR] Definition [PAR] the sword, with which the Khalsa is committed to righteously defend the first line of the truth. One of the five articles of faith for Sikhs. [one of five k's] [PAR] Term [PAR] Mul Mantra [PAR] Definition [PAR] the most important composition contained within Adi Granth, the holy scripture of the Sikhs. It is the basis of Sikhsim. Mool Mantar mean \u201cmain chant\u201d or \u201croot verse\u201d. [PAR] Term"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Glossitis?: Types, Causes and Symptoms What is Glossitis?: Types, Causes and Symptoms [PAR] Read This Next [PAR] What Is Glossitis? [PAR] Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue. The condition causes the tongue to swell in size, change in color, and develop a smooth appearance on the surface. The tongue is the small, muscular organ in the mouth that helps you chew and swallow food. It also helps with your speech. [PAR] Glossitis can cause the small bumps on the surface of the tongue called the papillae to disappear. Your papillae play a role in how you eat. They contain thousands of tiny sensors called taste buds. [PAR] Severe tongue inflammations that result in swelling and redness can cause pain and change the way you eat or speak. [PAR] The Types of Glossitis [PAR] There are several different types of glossitis: [PAR] Acute Glossitis [PAR] Acute glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue that appears suddenly, and it often has severe symptoms. This type of glossitis typically develops during an allergic reaction. [PAR] Chronic Glossitis [PAR] Chronic glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue that continues to recur. This type may begin as a symptom of another health condition. [PAR] Idiopathic Glossitis [PAR] Idiopathic glossitis, also known as Hunter\u2019s glossitis, affects the muscles of the tongue. In this condition, a significant amount of papillae can be lost. The cause of idiopathic glossitis is unknown. [PAR] Atrophic Glossitis [PAR] Atrophic glossitis occurs when a large number of papillae are lost, resulting in changes to the tongue\u2019s color and texture. This type of glossitis typically turns the tongue dark red. [PAR] What Causes Glossitis? [PAR] A number of factors can cause inflammation of the tongue, including: [PAR] Allergic Reactions [PAR] Allergic reactions to medications, food, and other potential irritants may aggravate the papillae and the muscle tissues of the tongue. Potential irritants include toothpaste and certain types of medications that treat high blood pressure. [PAR] Diseases [PAR] Certain diseases that affect your immune system may attack the tongue\u2019s muscles and papillae. Herpes simplex , a virus that causes cold sores and blisters around the mouth, may contribute to swelling and pain in the tongue. [PAR] Low Iron Levels [PAR] An inadequate amount of iron in the blood can trigger glossitis. Iron regulates cell growth by helping your body make red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to your organs, tissues, and muscles. Low levels of iron in the blood may result in low levels of myoglobin. Myoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that\u2019s important for muscle health, including the tongue\u2019s muscle tissue. [PAR] Dry Mouth [PAR] Dry mouth is caused by a lack of saliva, which may be due to a salivary gland disorder or overall dehydration. You need saliva to keep your tongue moist. [PAR] Mouth Trauma [PAR] Trauma caused by injuries to the mouth can affect the condition of your tongue. Inflammation may occur as a result of cuts and burns on the tongue or of dental appliances placed on your teeth, such as braces. [PAR] Who Is at Risk for Glossitis? [PAR] You may be at risk for tongue inflammation if you: [PAR] have a mouth injury [PAR] wear braces or dentures that irritate your tongue [PAR] have herpes [PAR] have an immune system disorder [PAR] What Are the Symptoms of Glossitis? [PAR] Your symptoms may vary depending on the cause of the inflammation. In general, however, you can experience the following symptoms: [PAR] pain or tenderness in the tongue [PAR] swelling of the tongue [PAR] change in the color of your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manufacturing Process Of Coca Cola Diagram Free Essays Manufacturing Process Of Coca Cola Diagram Free Essays [PAR] Manufacturing Process Of Coca Cola Diagram [PAR] The Coca-Cola Company (KO) is the world's largest beverage company, and it owns or licenses more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage... brands. The company owns four of the world's top five nonalcoholic sparkling beverage brands: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. The prototype Coca-Cola recipe was formulated at the Eagle Drug and Chemical Company, a drugstore in Columbus, Georgia, by John Pemberton, originally as a coca wine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca. He may have been inspired by the formidable... [PAR] Bottle, Caffeine, Coca 1257 Words | 4 Pages [PAR] Motivational Process at Coca-Cola [PAR] The Motivation Theory Used Within The Coca-Cola Company The motivational process of The... Coca-Cola Company can best be described as one that identifies with Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory. The workplace productivity within The Coca-Cola Company is unmatched by many organizations today. Three essential elements make up Aldermen's ERG theory: The first part focuses on the existence needs within the company; the next part addresses the relatedness needs within the company; and the last part touches... [PAR] Employment, Fundamental human needs, Interpersonal relationship 1276 Words | 4 Pages [PAR] Coca Cola [PAR] its people and processes from current state to a desired future state is called change management. This process gives employees the ability to... accept changes in the existing environment of the business. Change can be of different type for example, change in technology, operations or strategies etc. company needs to implement individual strategies to cope with each type of change. Coca Cola Corporation is among one of the oldest corporations of the world. It has gone through many internal and... [PAR] Caffeine, Change management, Coca-Cola 1171 Words | 4 Pages [PAR] Coca Cola Case Study [PAR] Creating an effective organisational structure A Coca-Cola Great Britain case study Page 1: Introduction The... Coca-Cola Company is truly global, and its main product is recognised and consumed worldwide. The Company organises and structures itself in a way that reflects that fact. At the same time, the Company looks to meet the particular needs of regional markets sensitively and its structure also needs to reflect that fact. This Case Study illustrates the way in which the Company has built an... [PAR] Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, New product development 1787 Words | 6 Pages [PAR] Coca-Cola Supply Chain [PAR] Coca-Cola is the world\u2019s largest beverage company. They employee over 146,000 employees offer over 3,000 products worldwide and... operate in over 200 countries. The company was founded in 1886 but it wasn\u2019t until 1891 when an Atlanta business man secured the rights to the company that the vision of Coca-Cola was established and their expansion begun. In 1899 Coca-Cola\u2019s first bottler relationship was established. This bottling relationship allowed the company to grow aggressively and expand into... [PAR] Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Inventory 1734 Words | 5 Pages [PAR] Coca Cola [PAR] Coca Cola Kalvin Williams MGT/445 August 23, 2010 Mr. Dennis Stroud Coca Cola The... Coca Cola Company begins in Jacob\u2019s Pharmacy selling for five cents. Many years have past and the Coca Cola Company remains the leader in beverages, syrups, and non-alcoholic drinks. The following paragraphs will discuss how a complete performance management system and annual performance appraisals at Coca Cola are different and how effective various performance appraisals methods and relevant problems affect... [PAR] Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Human resource management 1518 Words | 5 Pages [PAR] Process of Quality Control in the Coca Cola Company [PAR] The Coca-Cola Company Process of Quality Control Quality Control"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is A Truffle | What Are Truffles | Gourmet Food World What Is A Truffle | What Are Truffles | Gourmet Food World [PAR] What Is A Truffle [PAR] Log in to rate this item. [PAR] Truffles are exotic, prized and coveted, synonymous with luxury and all fine things, but it\u2019s the very few and in the know who can answer the question: what are truffles? [PAR] A truffle is, in the simplest terms, a fungus or mushroom of the genus Tuber. It grows underground, typically near or right beneath the roots of trees, particularly oak, beech, birch, poplars and pine trees. They form a symbiotic relationship \u2013 meaning the tree and the truffles both get something out of the relationship, sugars and nutrients. [PAR] Intensely aromatic, truffles add a unique and unmatched aroma and flavor to a dish, which is why they\u2019re so coveted in cooking. The most prized truffles, the Tuber melanosporum or the winter black truffle , and the tuber magnatum or the white truffle from Alba, are found in France and Italy. The coveted Italian winter white truffle grows only in the Alba and Piedmont regions, while the black truffle is found both in France (near Perigord, which is why the black truffle is also known as the Perigord truffle) and Italy, but also across Western Europe. The winter variety of all truffles are the most intense, while the summer truffle , a different species altogether, is milder with a lesser aroma. [PAR] Truffles are also found in Australia, and South America, where they\u2019ve been successfully cultivated and harvested. Truffle cultivation is rare, but not impossible. [PAR] Truffles are \u201chunted\u201d with specially trained dogs, which have supplanted the truffle pigs of yore (one of the reasons being that pigs love their truffles a bit too much, and tend to eat them before they can be grabbed). Because the mushrooms grow so deep in the ground, almost a foot sometimes, they\u2019re incredibly hard to find, and it\u2019s only thanks to the very sensitive noses of these animals that they\u2019re found at all. Truffles tend to grow always in the same spots, which are fiercely guarded by the truffle hunters. [PAR] Did You Find This Article Helpful? [PAR] (0.00) # of Ratings: 0 Log in to rate this item. There are currently no ratings for this item. Be the first to rate this item.[DOC] [TLE] Truffles | Market Hall Foods Truffles | Market Hall Foods [PAR] Market Hall Foods [PAR] Ready to order? Give us a call at the Cheese Counter. 510-250-6033 [PAR] Truffles in Your Inbox! [PAR] Sign up for the Market Hall Foods Truffle Club and load up on truffle perks. Check out all the trufflicious privileges included in your FREE membership. [PAR] The Mysterious Truffle, Demystified [PAR] Truffle-sniffing dogFrom mid-November through Valentine\u0092's Day each year, and sometimes even into early March, a variety of pigs and truffle-sniffing canines throughout Europe get busy rooting up prized truffles, many of which will head immediately to Market Hall Foods (formerly The Pasta Shop). Truffles, famous for possessing some of the most seductive, enigmatic and coveted flavors on earth, are one food that has always been dear in price due to a limited area of growth and the difficulty in harvesting them. [PAR] Each year, the haunting flavors of the Tuber melanosporum (black truffle), Tuber magnatum (white truffle) and other varieties inspire countless truffle dinners (including at Rockridge Market Hall's Oliveto) and a host of truffle products that can be enjoyed all year long. But what exactly are these mysterious tubers, where do they come from"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kristin Otto | German swimmer | Britannica.com Kristin Otto | German swimmer | Britannica.com [PAR] German swimmer [PAR] Michael Phelps [PAR] Kristin Otto, (born Feb. 7, 1966, Leipzig , E.Ger.), German swimmer, the first female athlete to win six gold medals at a single Olympic Games . [PAR] Swimmer Kristin Otto showing off the six gold medals she won at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 Getty Images [PAR] Otto entered a special sports school at age 11 after East Germany\u2019s comprehensive scouting program identified her as a swimming prospect. In 1982 she set her first world record as a member of her country\u2019s 4 \u00d7 100-metre medley relay team. A favourite to win a medal at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles , Otto was unable to compete because of East Germany\u2019s boycott . Later that year she cracked a vertebra and spent nine months in a neck brace; although physicians advised her to give up her sport, she returned to compete at the 1986 world championships in Madrid, winning four gold and two silver medals. [PAR] At the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, South Korea , Otto entered six events and won gold medals in all of them. Her individual victories included the 100-metre butterfly, 50-metre freestyle, 100-metre freestyle, and 100-metre backstroke. She also swam the lead leg in East Germany\u2019s 4 \u00d7 100-metre freestyle relay victory and the backstroke leg in the 4 \u00d7 100-metre individual medley relay. Prior to Otto\u2019s achievement, no woman had won more than four gold medals at a single Olympics. [PAR] Otto was considered one of the most versatile female swimmers, winning world or Olympic championships in the backstroke, butterfly, freestyle, and individual medley. She retired after the 1988 Olympics. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Missy Franklin becomes winningest female swimmer at - ESPN.com Missy Franklin becomes winningest female swimmer at worlds with 6th gold medal [PAR] comment [PAR] BARCELONA, Spain -- Missy Franklin stands alone. [PAR] Franklin claimed her record sixth gold medal of the world championships Sunday night, swimming the leadoff leg for the Americans in the 400-meter medley relay. She gave the U.S. a slight lead, and her teammates -- Jessica Hardy, Dana Vollmer and Megan Romano -- made it look easy from there. The winning time was 3 minutes, 53.23 seconds, nearly two seconds ahead of runner-up Australia. [PAR] Missy Franklin entered elite company Sunday as she won her sixth gold medal at the swimming world championships. [PAR] Javier Soriano/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] The 18-year-old Franklin became the winningest female swimmer ever at the worlds and improved on her performance at the London Olympics, where she was one of the biggest stars with four golds and a bronze. [PAR] She eclipsed the women's record that had had been shared by Tracy Caulkins, who won five times at the 1978 worlds, and Libby Trickett, who did it in 2007. [PAR] Franklin also joins Michael Phelps, Mark Spitz, Australia's Ian Thorpe and East Germany's Kristin Otto as the only swimmers to capture as many as six golds at either worlds or an Olympics. [PAR] \"I still can't really believe that it happened,\" Franklin said. [PAR] The Aussies took the silver in 3:55.22. Russia held on for the bronze (3:56.47). [PAR] Franklin completed a grueling week in which she competed in eight events. She dropped out of the 50 backstroke after swimming in the preliminaries of the non-OIympic event, wanting to focus on more important races, and took fourth in the 100 freestyle. [PAR] Otherwise, it was all gold. [PAR] \"I knew I had"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Gordon University courses and application information Robert Gordon University courses and application information [PAR] \u00a310,200-9,900 [PAR] Overview [PAR] Robert Gordon University is a modern university based in the Scottish city of Aberdeen. Although it was granted university status in 1992, it was founded as an educational institution in the mid 18th century. Robert Gordon has a strong focus on vocational degrees, and brands itself as \u2018The Professional University\u2019. It currently has a little over 17,000 students, of whom more than 1,000 are international, enrolled. [PAR] Awards for the University include \u2018Best Modern University in the UK\u2019 (Times Guide 2012) and \u2018Scottish University of the Year\u2019 in 2011. Faculties include the Aberdeen Business School, Faculty of Design & Technology and Faculty of Health and Social Care. [PAR] The focus on professional education is shown by the University\u2019s leading graduate employment record. It has been rated as having the highest graduate prospects of any University several times in recent years, and remains top for modern universities. This is achieved through strong links with industry, particularly North Sea gas and oil companies, and year-long work placements that have become standard across all courses. [PAR] Services for International Students [PAR] Students who have the required grades for entry but do not meet the English language requirements can join an eight week pre-sessional English programme in order to improve. During term time, English language classes are run to further help students. These include general group classes and one-to-one support. [PAR] Ranking [PAR] 86th in the Times University Guide 2017 [PAR] 44th in the Guardian University Guide 2017 [PAR] Robert Gordon University is generally considered to be one of the top post-1992 universities in the UK. Although primarily a teaching based university, the 2014 Research Excellence Framework showed the areas Dentistry, Nursing & Pharmacy and Media Studies to be performing well. [PAR] Accommodation [PAR] Robert Gordon University has over 1,500 places in University accommodation available and guarantees housing to first year students. The rooms themselves are spread across both campuses, with the furthest being only 25 minutes\u2019 walk away, and a bus service links the two campuses. Many rooms are en-suite, with studio apartments also available. The University can also help students find alternative accommodation in private halls of residence or apartments. [PAR] Location [PAR] Aberdeen is a vibrant and multicultural city, home to over 220,000, including 20,000 students. It is rich in culture, with a range of museums, art galleries, cinemas and concert venues. There are five shopping centres (including the brand new Union Square centre) with a wide range of well known shops, as well as boutiques. Shops selling locally-produced goods and an international street market held at various times throughout the year are also available. Hundreds of local events are organised by the Council, event partners and the community. [PAR] The Granite (or Silver) City is also very green, with a range of parks and open spaces close to the city centre, and often ranks in the top ten for quality of life in the UK. Aberdeen Airport offers strong links with the rest of the UK, Europe and the world. [PAR] Robert Gordon University posts from the SI-UK blog"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Davis Cup - Tennis Topics - ESPN Davis Cup - Tennis Topics - ESPN [PAR] Past Winners [PAR] The Davis Cup is the premier international team competition in men's tennis, contested annually by squads from countries throughout the world in knockout format to determine each year's champion. First played in 1900 (between the United States and the British Isles) and originally called the International Tennis Challenge Trophy, the Davis Cup has grown to include more than 130 nations competing for the annual prize, named for one of the event's founders who commissioned the trophy. [PAR] Twelve nations have won the Davis Cup over its 110-year history, with the United States capturing the most titles (32), followed by Australia (with 28). The Czech Repulic team defeated Spain in the 2012 Davis Cup final round to win its first title since 1980. [PAR] While teams from more than 100 countries compete annually in Davis Cup play, only 16 nations qualify for the elite World Group that determines each year's champion. All other countries compete in various groups of zonal play or the World Group playoffs, earning points to improve their standing within the International Tennis Federation's ranking system. [PAR] Those rankings help to determine the seedings for the World Group, with the previous year's finalists serving as the top two seeds for the initial round of 16 within the World Group -- the first of four weekends spaced throughout the year that narrow the field down in knockout format through best-of-five match \"ties.\" [PAR] Winners of that first round of 16 move on to the quarterfinals and ensure their place in the following year's World Group, while the losers fall into the World Group playoffs to face zonal winners for a place in the top tier for the next year. [PAR] In the World Group, World Group playoffs, and Groups I and II of zonal play, each round or \"tie\" is contested in a best-of-five match format, and is played over three days (usually Friday to Sunday). On the first day (Friday) there are two singles matches, and then the doubles match takes place on the following day. The reverse singles take place on the final day (Sunday). Each of the five matches is worth one point, with the team earning the most points capturing the tie. All individual matches are best of five sets, unless one team has won the first three matches. Then the teams will often agree to a best-of-three sets scenario (for remaining singles matches). [PAR] Home teams within the competition are determined by the draw. In matchups between countries who have played each other in the past, the \"away\" team from the most recent matchup between the two is deemed the home side and allowed to choose a location for the tie. [PAR] The draw also specifies which weeks are set up during the year for Davis Cup play, with all of the quarterfinals usually played the same weekend in July and each of the semifinals held simultaneously in September. The finalists meet in December of each year to square off for one of sports' most historic prizes. [PAR] The idea behind the competition that would become known as the Davis Cup emerged in 1899, when a group of Harvard tennis players suggested a contest between players from the United States and the British Isles. Dwight F. Davis, one of the Harvard men, suggested a tournament format and commissioned a trophy for the initial challenge event, to be hosted by the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston. [PAR] Davis was a member of the U.S. team"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Turkish flag - All About Turkey The Turkish flag - All About Turkey [PAR] Home > Tourist Info > The Turkish flag [PAR] The Turkish flag [PAR] The fundamentals of the Turkish Flag were laid down by Turkish Flag Law No. 2994 of May 29, 1936. Turkish Flag Regulation No. 2/7175 dated July 28, 1937, and Supplementary Regulation No. 11604/2 dated July 29, 1939, were enacted to describe how the flag law would be implemented. The Turkish Flag Law No. 2893 dated September 22, 1983, and Published in the Official Gazette on September 24, 1983, was promulgated six months after its publication. According to Article 9 of Law No. 2893, a statute including the fundamentals of the implementation was also published. [PAR] The measurements of the Turkish Flag : [PAR] G = Width [PAR] A = Distance between the centre of the outer crescent and the seam of the white band 1/2 G [PAR] B = Diameter of the outer circle of the crescent 1/2 G [PAR] C = Distance between the centers of the inner and outer circles of the crescent 0.0625 G [PAR] D = Diameter of the inner circle of the crescent 0.4 G [PAR] E = Distance between the inner circle of the crescent and the circle around the star 1/3 G [PAR] F = Diameter of the circle around the star 1/4 G [PAR] L = Length 1 \ufffd G [PAR] M = Width of the seam band 1/30 G [PAR] Color Red: Pantone 186 c / CMYK (%) C 0 - M9 0 - Y 80 - K 5 [PAR] Current law on the Turkish flag [PAR] Law #2893, adopted September 22, 1983, published in the Official Gazette September 24, 1983 No 18171, Series 5 Volume 22, p. 599 [PAR] Purpose [PAR] Article 1 - The purpose of this Law is to identify the principles and procedures about shape, construction and protection of the Turkish flag. [PAR] Shape and Construction of the Flag [PAR] Article 2 - The Turkish flag shall be a red flag with a white moon - star which is in the shape and proportions shown in the attached table. The standards, the fabric and material of the making of the flag and special flags (symbolic flags, special signs, pennant, ship's pennant and official flag) are shown in the charter. [PAR] Hoisting and Lowering the Flag [PAR] Article 3 - Flag shall be hoisted on public associations and foundations and their abroad representatives, sea vehicles of public foundations, real and judicial persons. It shall be hoisted on vehicles of the authorities in and out of the country. Hoisting and lowering of the flag shall be done with ceremony. Making of the ceremony in appropriate way shall be under the responsibility of the authorized chief in that place. [PAR] The Turkish flag shall be hoisted on national holidays and general holidays , starting from holiday start and ending in the sunset of the end of the holiday. (A recent modification of the law changed this rule. The flag shall now be hoisted on the official buildings all the time.). Permanent hoisting of the flag, the closed places in which the flag shall be placed, the places where the flag shall be used as background, the way of hoisting the flag in private places, the schedules and subjects about hoisting of the flag on the vessels of the Turkish Armed Forces and Turkish merchant ships are shown in the charter. [PAR] Flying the flag at half staff [PAR] Article 4 - The Turkish flag shall be flown at half staff"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Everything you can imagine is real | High Existence Everything you can imagine is real | High Existence [PAR] Everything you can imagine is real [PAR] Nakedape (@nakedape) 3 years, 9 months ago [PAR] What do you think Pablo Picasso meant when he said this? [PAR] April 4, 2013 at 6:39 am [PAR] Want to reply? [PAR] Sort replies by: [PAR] D.I. (26) (@thekingofthenorth) 3 years, 9 months ago ago [PAR] perhaps that our imagination is as true a medium of reality as the world beyond our minds. in a sense it comes down to the fact that nothing that we experience is really whats going on, just a sketch of the whole picture. so our perception is real to us and so to is our imagination. although, in a sense, neither of them are real. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] a Lotus Blossoms. (139)a philosopher, a musician, a curious mind ... (@ancientmystic) 3 years, 9 months ago ago [PAR] @nakedape , everything you see every day that is manmade had to be imagined before it could be built, and in being built, it left the land of thought and imagination to be born into the physical world. Thus anything you can imagine, you can create. Our minds are gardens where beautiful things grow. [PAR] 5 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] HJD (4)just a girl in a crazy messed up world, lo... (@Hayweeday) 2 years, 7 months ago ago [PAR] I really like this reply. It was a far better description of what i was thinking. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] Anonymous (2,653) (@) 3 years, 9 months ago ago [PAR] Maybe he followed the idea that if you can imagine it then it\u2019s part of real life. In that sense it\u2019s true. If he said that everything you can imagine is actual everyone would disagree. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] Patrick Phillips (19) (@crossingtheeventhorizon) 3 years, 9 months ago ago [PAR] The imagination is the mind functioning on a non-local quantum mechanical level. It is \u201cseeing\u201d from a higher dimensional perspective. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] @crossingtheeventhorizon , Well said. [PAR] I\u2019d like to add that when you imagine something, especially something of you personally doing it, your brain actually fires the same way if you were to actually do it. So in essence, imagining to walk and actually walking is the same thing to your brain. Not to say your body, but your brain. [PAR] I think..someone correct me if this is bullshit. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] Dreamer (25) (@heartbeat) 3 years, 9 months ago ago [PAR] @nakedape , i would say everything you can imagine is already existing somewhere, we only don\u2019t know where in this reality on planet earth or in another reality, but it has to come from somewhere, the imagination\u2026 [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] Anonymous (68) (@) 3 years, 9 months ago ago [PAR] @nakedape , when you draw a dragon. is it real? ofc it is real! he is on that paper. lol [PAR] same with the thoughts. if they happened they are real :P [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] drazzilblazin (99)currently adding everyone i can find livin... (@drazzilblazin) 3 years, 9 months ago ago [PAR] yes, everything you can imagine is real, but it is to what extent is it real? to what extent does it exist?how far along the scale from nothing into physical does it penetrate? what is real but only the experiencing of something [PAR] 1 [PAR] [Hidden] [PAR] Shivi Physcuman (0)A fifteen year old girl in India in an int... (@shivi666) 3 years, 9 months ago"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characteristics of the Earth Pig - Feng Shui Store Characteristics of the Earth Pig - Feng Shui Store [PAR] Home / Characteristics of the Earth Pig [PAR] Characteristics of the Earth Pig [PAR] Characteristics of the Earth Pig: 1959 [PAR] The earth Pig has an extremely kind and thoughtful nature and is sensible and realistic. The Earth Pig will go to great lengths to please their employers and co workers however they can. [PAR] The Earth Pig is great at organizing events and gatherings and will be able to pull out all the stops on the tightest schedule. They have a large circle of friends due to their great sense of humour. They like to attend parties and social gatherings. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Pig is a kind and understanding person and is known for their peace keeping abilities. They hate any unpleasantness and will do anything in their power to resolve the problem. They are great talkers and are always straight to the point. They hate it when justice is not upheld and will do everything in their powers to make sure it is put right. The Pig is usually very popular and enjoys other peoples company. They are very tolerant and are often prepared to forgive other for their wrong doings. They are great at organizing fundraisers and other similar events. [PAR] The Pig is a hard worker and is respected for their reliability and integrity. In their early years they will try their hand at several different jobs but will usually be happiest where they feel that they are being of service to others. They will give up their time for the common good and are highly valued by their colleagues and employers. The Pig has a good sense of humor and always has something to say to cheer people up. They love to entertain those around them. [PAR] Sadly some people take advantage of the Pigs good nature and use the Pigs generosity to their advantage. They have difficulty in saying no at times and would really benefit learning to say no every now and again. There are many pigs who have become entrepreneurs and set a successful career path for themselves after an earlier disappointment in life. Although the Pig tends to spend money quite freely, they are usually very astute in financial matters. Another characteristic of the Pig is their ability to recover from setbacks quickly. Once they have made their mind up to do something nobody can stop them. Pigs love spending their money on lavish holidays and expensive shopping trips. Their home will usually be kitted out with all the latest technology and furniture. The Pig will have many relationships before settling down with their chosen partner. [PAR] Famous Pigs[DOC] [TLE] Animal Articles (Reading Comprehension) Animal Articles (Reading Comprehension) [PAR] Contact [PAR] Animal Articles (Reading Comprehension) [PAR] Kids will love learning about their favorite animal species by reading these interesting articles. We have scores of articles covering all types of animals, from aardvarks to zebras. [PAR] Most of the worksheets on this page align with the Common Core Standards. To see CCSS connections, simply click the common core icon [PAR] . [PAR] Even though it is sometimes called earth pigs, aardvarks aren't really related to pigs at all. [PAR] 4th Grade [PAR] Learn all about one of the animals that symbolizes the United States of America: the American Bison! Discover the differences between bison and buffalo, and find out what makes the American Bison unique. Comprehension questions are included. [PAR] 5th Grade [PAR] Learn about the armored mammals called armadillos,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of France - McGill School Of Computer Science History of France [PAR] History of France [PAR] Military history of France\">Military history [PAR] Colonial history [PAR] Timeline of French history [PAR] Portal France [PAR] The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right. The chronological era articles (highlighted in blue) address broad French historical, cultural and sociological developments. The dynasty and regime articles deal with the specific political and governmental regimes in France. The history of other cultural topics such as French art and literature can be found on their own pages. For information on today's France, see France . For other information, go to Portal:France. [PAR] Prehistory [PAR] Cave painting in Lascaux. [PAR] The Neanderthals , a member of the homo genus, began to occupy Europe from about 200,000 BCE, but seem to have died out by about 30,000 years ago, presumably out-competed by the modern humans during a period of cold weather. The earliest modern humans \u2014 Homo sapiens \u2014 entered Europe (including France) around 50,000 years ago (the Upper Palaeolithic). The caves paintings of Lascaux and Gargas (Gargas in the Hautes-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es) as well as the Carnac stones are remains of the local prehistoric activity. [PAR] Gaul [PAR] Covering large parts of modern day France, Belgium, and northwest Germany, Gaul was inhabited by many Celtic tribes whom the Romans referred to as Gauls and who spoke the Gaulish language. On the lower Garonne the people spoke an archaic language related to Basque, the Aquitanian language. The Celts founded cities such as Lutetia Parisiorum (Paris) and Burdigala (Bordeaux) while the Aquitanians founded Tolosa (Toulouse). [PAR] Long before any Roman settlements, Greek navigators settled in what would become Provence. The Phoceans founded important cities such as Massalia (Marseilles) and Nicaea (Nice), bringing them in to conflict with the neighboring Celts and Ligurians. The Phoceans were great navigators such as Pytheas who was born in Marseilles. The Celts themselves often fought with Aquitanians and Germans, and a Gaulish war band led by Brennus invaded Rome circa 393 or 388 BC following the Battle of the Allia. However Gaulish tactics would not evolve and the Romans would learn to counter them, the Gauls would from then be defeated in battles such as Sentinum and Telamon. [PAR] When he fought the Romans, Hannibal Barca recruited several Gaulish mercenaries which fought on his side at Cannae . It was this Gaulish participation that caused Provence to be annexed in 122 BC by the Roman Republic. Later, the Consul of Gaul - Julius Caesar - conquered all of Gaul. Despite Gaulish opposition led by Vercingetorix, the Overking of the Warriors, Gauls succumbed to the Roman onslaught; the Gauls had some success at first at Gergovia, but were ultimately defeated at Alesia . The Romans founded cities such as Lugdunum (Lyon) and Narbonensis (Narbonne). [PAR] Roman Gaul [PAR] Vercingetorix surrenders to Julius Caesar after Alesia . Painting by Lionel-No\u00ebl Royer, 1899. [PAR] Gaul was divided into several different provinces. The Romans displaced populations in order to prevent local identities to become a threat to the Roman control. Thus, many Celts were displaced in Aquitania or were enslaved and moved out of Gaul. There was a strong cultural evolution in Gaul under the Roman Empire, the most obvious one being the replacement of the Gaulish language by Vulgar Latin . It has been argued the similarities between the Gaulish and Latin languages favoured the transition. Gaul remained under Roman control for centuries and the Celtic culture was then replaced by the Gallo-Roman culture."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Africa's National Flower South Africa's National Flower [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The King Protea, (Protea cynaroides), is a flowering plant. Its flower head (what the layman will call the 'flower') is the largest in the genus Protea: the species is also known as Giant Protea, Honeypot or King Sugar Bush. It is widely distributed in the south-western and southern parts of South Africa of the fynbos region. [PAR] The artichoke-like appearance of the flower-heads of the king protea lead to the specific name \u2018cynaroides\u2019, which means \u2018like cynara\u2019 (the artichoke). The name does not do justice to the beautiful flower-heads of this protea, which is the largest in the genus. A number of varieties in colour and leaf shapes are found, but the most beautiful is the pink coloured flower. [PAR] It is the flagship of the The Protea Atlas Project , run by the South African National Botanical Institute. This unusual flower has a long vase life in flower arrangements, and makes for an excellent dried flower.[DOC] [TLE] National, Native and Popular Flowers of South Africa - The ... National, Native and Popular Flowers of South Africa - The Flower Expert - Flowers Encyclopedia [PAR] Buy From OurStores [PAR] National, Native and Popular Flowers of South Africa [PAR] South Africa ranked first in the world for its floral kingdom and is home to the world's smallest succulent plants. [PAR] National Flower of South Africa [PAR] The national Flower of South Africa the Giant or King Protea is the largest of the Proteas, which make up an important part of the Cape Floral Region, a major global biodiversity hotspot and a Unesco World Heritage site. Having an artichoke-like appearance and varieties in color and leaf shapes, the flower-heads of the King Protea lead to the specific name Cynaroides, which means like Cynara (the artichoke). The Proteas also give their name to South Africa's national cricket team. [PAR] Other Native and Popular Flowers of South Africa [PAR] Although it might seem strange, the cape area of South Africa shares our Bay Area Mediterranean climate which is characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers and because of this common climate, some flowers native to South Africa feel so common in these parts that their origin will surprise many gardeners. Agapanthus, called African lily, Four of the most common Daisies - Felicia , Gerbera, Osteospermum and Arctotis (African daisy), Phyllica Pubescence, Leucadendrons, Crocosmia, Chasmanthe and Ferraria Crispa are some of them. [PAR] Like many other countries around the world, people in South Africa do not miss the opportunity to honor any occasion with celebrations where Roses, Lilies, Gerberas and Carnations are most commonly used to for greetings. [PAR] from our stores - Pickupflowers - the flower expert [PAR] Online Florists South Africa [PAR] A few of the major online florists who cater to South Africa are Pickupflowers, iFlora, Floraniche and Flower Shop is one of the best florist service in South Africa, a shop with a difference where the customer can order what they want. For a list of South Africa florists who do business online, please visit our page on Online Florists in South Africa . [PAR] Send Flowers to South Africa [PAR] The Flower Expert has arrived at a few parameters on which florists can be compared so that the customers can select a good florist who suits their needs. You can go through the comparative analysis of the top florists presented in this table. This comprehensive table will help you decide which florist gives the best service when you want to send flowers to South Africa."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ethiopia in 1995 | Britannica.com Ethiopia in 1995 | Britannica.com [PAR] Ethiopia in 1995 [PAR] Originally published in the Britannica Book of the Year. Presented as archival content. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] The landlocked republic of Ethiopia is in the Horn of northeastern Africa. Area: 1,133,882 sq km (437,794 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 55,053,000. Cap.: Addis Ababa. Monetary unit: birr, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a free rate of 5.80 birr to U.S. $1 (9.17 birr = \u00a3 1 sterling). Presidents in 1995, Meles Zenawi (interim) and, from August 22, Negasso Gidada; prime ministers, Tamirat Layne (acting) and, from August 22, Meles Zenawi. [PAR] The new constitution approved in December 1994 retained the key features of the draft presented earlier in 1994 to the Constituent Assembly, including the right of all peoples within Ethiopia to self-determination, including secession from the country. Uniquely among African constitutions, it instituted a largely ceremonial presidency, vesting executive power in the prime minister elected by the National Assembly. Assembly elections were held in May in most of the country but were postponed to June in the east. They were, however, boycotted by the four major opposition groupings and contested by only three small opposition parties. The conduct of the elections was reported by foreign observers to have been fair, but there was little challenge to the ruling Ethiopian People\u2019s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), a multiethnic grouping whose constituent parties won 493 of the 548 seats. Only in Addis Ababa, where 10 of the 23 seats were won by independents, was government control seriously contested. [PAR] The new Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was formally established on August 22. The new president, Negasso Gidada, was a Christian Oromo from the Welega region of western Ethiopia who had served as minister of information in the outgoing transitional government. The outgoing president, Meles Zenawi, became prime minister and head of government. The 17-member Council of Ministers was carefully selected to reflect the ethnic balance of the country, with four each for Oromo and Amhara, two each for Tigray (including the prime minister) and Gurage, and one each for five smaller groups. [PAR] New regional assemblies were also elected in May and June and were likewise controlled by the EPRDF. The transfer of powers from the central government to the regions increasingly became a reality. For example, in the large Oromo region surrounding Addis Ababa, Oromifa increasingly replaced Amharic as the language of administration. A number of leading members of Meles Zenawi\u2019s Tigray People\u2019s Liberation Front were posted back to Tigray. [PAR] The trials of members of the former regime charged with serious human rights abuses, which had been adjourned until May 1995 to allow both sides to prepare their cases, were further postponed until later in the year. Attempts to secure the extradition of the ousted dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam from his refuge in Zimbabwe were unsuccessful. At the same time, alleged human rights abuses by the new regime, though not remotely approaching those committed by the old one, continued to attract international attention. There was some harassment of journalists, though the press continued to be more independent than under previous governments, and Amnesty International condemned the arrest in June of five opposition politicians on what it described as \"slender and dubious evidence of conspiracy.\" [PAR] The government\u2019s standing in Africa was reflected in the election of Meles Zenawi as chairman of the Organization of African Unity in June. Relations with Eritrea, which had separated from Ethiopia in 1993, continued to be close, but those with the Islamist military regime"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Burgos Cathedral - Burgos, Spain - History and Visitor ... Burgos Cathedral - Burgos, Spain - History and Visitor Information [PAR] Site information [PAR] Burgos Cathedral HISTORY [PAR] Burgos Cathedral is a majestic, mainly Gothic cathedral, widely considered to be one of the most beautiful in Spain. With its grand proportions as well as a fine collection of religious works of art, Burgos Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage site. [PAR] Construction of Burgos Cathedral began in 1221 during the reign of King Ferdinand and, whilst it was consecrated in 1260, it was only completed in 1567 and changes continued until 1795. The layout of Burgos Cathedral is of a Latin cross, while the dome of the transept is octagonal in shape."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Horses - Horse Hints Famous Horses [PAR] First Posted: June 7, 2008 [PAR] Apr 4, 2015 [PAR] Famous Horses [PAR] Affirmed Bamboo Harvester aka Mr. Ed Bucephalus Burmese Buttermilk Comanche Dan Patch Haleb Hanover Kidron Lexington Little Sorrel Man O' War Old Henry Clay PharLap Reckless Ruffian Scout Seabiscuit Seattle Slew Secretariat Silver Snowman Sysonby Traveller Trigger Winchester [PAR] Some of the following information was taken from the Smithsonian website and is being done so according to their copyright agreement (fair use). Pictures are not on their site. Some further information has been researched and added, but nothing from The Smithsonian site has been changed in any way. [PAR] I will be continuing to add famous horses to this list. Please, if you have any specific horse that you want researched and added to this list, contact me using the e-mail on the my home page. [PAR] The National Museum of Natural History often receives requests for information on famous horses which are believed to be part of the Smithsonian's research collection or on display in the exhibit areas. Several of the horses listed are part of the Museum's collection; The rest are displayed or stored at other institutions. The following facts have been compiled from the files of the Division of Mammals of the Museum's Department of Systematic Biology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, personal correspondence, and accession and catalogue records. [PAR] Bucephalus [PAR] Alexander the Great riding Bucephalus [PAR] Alexander and Bucephalus in combat at the battle of Issus portrayed in the Alexander Mosaic. [PAR] Bucephalus coin [PAR] Bucephalus [PAR] Bucephalus or Buchephalas...(c. 355 BC - June, 326 BC) was Alexander the Great's horse and one of the most famous actual horses of antiquity. Ancient accounts state that Bucephalus died after the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC, in what is now modern Pakistan, and is buried in Jalalpur Sharif outside of Jhelum, Pakistan. [PAR] The Taming of Bucephalus [PAR] A massive creature with a massive head, Bucephalus is described as having a black coat with a large white star on his brow. He is also supposed to have had a \"wall,\" or blue eye, and his breeding was that of the \"best Thessalian strain.\" Plutarch tells the story of how, in 344 BC, a thirteen-year-old Alexander won the horse. Philonicus the Thessalian, a horse dealer, offered the horse to King Philip II for the sum of thirteen talents, but, since no one could tame the animal, Philip was not interested. His son Alexander, however, was, and promised to pay for the horse himself should he fail to tame it. He was given a chance and surprised all by subduing it. He spoke soothingly to the horse and turned it towards the sun so that it could no longer see its own shadow, which had been the cause of its distress. Dropping his fluttering cloak as well, Alexander successfully tamed the horse. Plutarch says that the incident so impressed Philip that he told the boy, \"O my son, look thee out a kingdom equal to and worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee.\" Philip's speech strikes the only false note in the anecdote, according to AR Anderson, who noted his words as the embryo of the legend fully developed in the History of Alexander the Great I.15, 17. [PAR] The Alexander Romance presents a mythic variant of Bucephalus's origin. In this tale, the colt, whose heroic attributes surpassed even those of Pegasus, is bred and presented to Philip on his own estates. The mythic attributes of the animal are further reinforced in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, Dublin - Irelandhotels.com Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, Dublin [PAR] Mountjoy Prison [PAR] Parnell Square West, Dublin 1 [PAR] +353 1 8716800 [PAR] Maldron Hotel Parnell Square Dublin is a purpose built, contemporary Dublin City centre hotel. This stylish hotel is located just a short 2 minute walk from O'Connell Street one of the capital city's main entertainment hot spots and shopping destinations, making it an ideal location for a Dublin City break. With the Dublin Writer's Museum, James Joyce Centre, Hugh Lane Gallery and Garden of Remembrance all within close proximity to the hotel, Maldron Hotel Parnell Square offers the perfect location to enjoy all Dublin has to offer with ease. Maldron Hotel Parnell Square is conveniently located on the main bus route from Dublin Airport and within 10 minutes of Ireland's main rail terminals. All 126 guest rooms are air conditioned and have all the features you have come to expect from a 3 star Dublin hotel, including WiFi access in all rooms. [PAR] from [PAR] Gardiner Row/Great Denmark St, Dublin 1 [PAR] 018746949 [PAR] The Castle Hotel is an elegant and spacious Georgian house hotel located just 2 minutes from O'Connell Street and within walking distance of Croke Park, Temple bar and Dublin's finest Tourist attractions. The Hotel has recently been authentically renovated and restored, thus maintaining its traditional charm and enhancing its reputation for comfort, with splendid period staircases, original plasterwork and beautiful marble fireplaces, it should exceed all of your expectations of what to expect from a Dublin hotel. We have an elegant and welcoming main reception area with annex reception rooms which are steeped in sophisticated Georgian style for you to relax in. The En-Suite Rooms are tastefully decorated and are furnished to a high standard to reflect the elegant surroundings and offer comfort and style. All have conveniences such as Tea and Coffee Facilities, Direct Dial telephone and Complimentary Wifi. Public areas include a New, Bar/Restaurant, \"The Castle Vaults\" which is intimate and relaxing. It is walled with the same warm stone that has been in place for the past 200 years and has an exposed Vaulted Ceiling which was part of the Original 19Th Century wine cellars. It combines all the amenities of a modern bar with the ambiance of old world charm and is the perfect place to sit back and relax after a busy day. To Entertain we have a Live Traditional Irish Music band every Thursday Friday and Saturday and Sunday Nights(Summer Months) and Friday and Saturday Nights (Rest of the Year). Located on Dublin's official Cultural Trail and within walking distance of the Abbey and Gate Theatres, the Dublin Writers Museum, James Joyce Cultural Centre, principal shopping districts, Dublin's finest cinema multiplex and other major tourist attractions. In addition to having the city centre at just a few minutes walk, you will also find a variety of transport links nearby so you can easily get to the ferry terminal, railway station, and airport via bus. The Hotel also has its own private car park making it an ideal location for the tourist and business traveller alike. [PAR] from [PAR] Cavendish Row, Upper O'Connell Street, Dublin 1 [PAR] +353 1 8780555 [PAR] Cassidys hotel, Dublin 1. is situated in the heart of Dublins city centre opposite the famous Gate theatre on Upper O\u2019Connell Street and close to everything a visitor to Dublin could want. Dublin\u2019s shopping districts and museums are all within a short stroll of Cassidys hotel. This Dublin hotel forms one of the cities famous Georgian terraces on Parnell square Located in the main"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spain - Postal Service and Mail Delivery | ExpatFocus.com Spain - Postal Service and Mail Delivery | ExpatFocus.com [PAR] Spain [PAR] \u00b1 [PAR] JOIN OUR NEWSLETTER [PAR] Get expat health and financial news, interesting expat articles, social media recommendations and more in your inbox each month - free! [PAR] We respect your privacy - we don't spam and you can unsubscribe at any time. [PAR] \u00b1 [PAR] We're very social! Follow Expat Focus on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and Google+ [PAR] Notify me when new content is added about a country [PAR] Email address [PAR] Send me notifications related to: [PAR] \u00b1 [PAR] Expert advice from professionals you can trust [PAR] \u00b1 [PAR] Postal Service and Mail Delivery [PAR] Home Spain Postal Service and Mail Delivery [PAR] Home > Country Guides > Spain [PAR] In Spain the post codes have a total of 5 digits and there is an online search facility on the website of Correos, the national postal service in Spain. Addresses in Spain should feature the name of the recipient on the first line, the street and building number on the second line, the post code followed by the town name on the third line and the name of the province on the final line. Apartment numbers should also feature on the second line, after the building number and street name. [PAR] Most mail sent within Spain will take around 3 days to arrive and post within Europe takes around 4 days. Stamps are sold at a number of outlets other than post offices, such as tobacconists and stationers. It is also possible to order stamps online. Post boxes are yellow although private companies use boxes of other colours. It is also possible to purchase pre-paid envelopes and boxes. Registered post (carta certificada) is also possible if the sender requires proof of delivery. These items can be tracked online with the identifying code for the package. [PAR] If you wish to send a parcel there are two ways of doing so \u2013 an urgent delivery (paqueteria urgente) and a national delivery (paqueteria nacional). The urgent delivery is for items of up to 20 kg and is for items which are being sent within Spain or to one of the Spanish islands. National delivery is also for domestic deliveries of up to 20 kg and items can be insured. [PAR] International deliveries need to be marked with \u2018prioritario\u2019 to indicate international delivery. There are three delivery services for international mail. These are the EMS Postal Expres, Priority International Delivery and an economy delivery option. For some destinations it may be necessary to complete a customs declaration to affix to the outside of the parcel. [PAR] Correos has a telegram services which offers same day delivery of messages both within Spain and other countries if the service is available there. Telegrams can be ordered by phone and payment is usually based on the number of words as well as a basic charge for the service. There is a mail forwarding service for those who are moving house, for which there is a small fee charged. Many post offices are also able to offer a range of banking services such as basic savings and cash withdrawals. [PAR] There are more than 6000 post offices across Spain and these can also be found in railway stations and airports. Some of the post offices in the larger cities are open around the clock although there may be limited opening hours in rural areas. Most small villages have a post office, although larger towns will have several as well as private services."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Farm Summary - eNotes.com Animal Farm Summary - eNotes.com [PAR] Animal Farm Summary [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Animal Farm Summary [PAR] In Animal Farm, Old Major convinces the animals of Manor Farm to rebel against their farm\u2019s owner. After Old Major's death, the pigs take control of the farm animals, to disastrous results. [PAR] Animal Farm summary key points: [PAR] Old Major dies and is succeeded by pigs Snowball and Napoleon, who rally the animals and drive all the humans off the farm. [PAR] The pigs produce seven commandments to ensure equality on Animal Farm, but soon begin to award themselves special privileges. [PAR] After a power struggle, Napoleon drives Snowball off the farm. He relies on fear and propaganda to keep the animals working on the windmill project. [PAR] Life for all animals but pigs becomes brutal; the pigs kill dissenting animals, stand on two legs, drink alcohol, and move into Mr. Jones\u2019s house. [PAR] link Link [PAR] Summary of the Novel [PAR] The animals of Manor Farm have always been miserable under Mr. Jones and his men. They have come to accept their difficult lives as part of the natural order of things. It is Old Major, a prize-winning boar, who shares his dreams with the other animals. He tells them that the cause of all their suffering is man. With man gone, the animals would enjoy the abundance the land provides and build a new society based on equality. He says that Jones has no concern for the animals\u2014that he uses them until they are no longer productive. He butchers the pigs and drowns the dogs when they get old. Old Major predicts that Jones will even sell Boxer, the horse, and the hardest and most faithful worker on the farm, to the slaughterhouse once he is no longer able to work. He encourages the animals to work for this revolution. He warns them never to become like man and to always treat each other as equals. [PAR] Three nights later, Old Major dies, and the task of preparing the animals for the revolution falls to the pigs, who are smarter than the others and who later teach themselves to read. Three young pigs, the intellectual Snowball, the domineering Napoleon and the eloquent Squealer, organize Old Major\u2019s dream of the future into a political philosophy called Animalism. [PAR] When the drunken Mr. Jones fails to feed the animals one night, the animals drive him and his men off the farm. They change the name to \u201cAnimal Farm,\u201d and the pigs, who seem to have assumed leadership, write the principles of Animalism, reduced to Seven Commandments, on the barn wall. These are to be the unalterable rules by which the animals will live ever after: [PAR] 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. [PAR] 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. [PAR] 3. No animal shall wear clothes. [PAR] 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. [PAR] 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. [PAR] 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. [PAR] 7. All animals are equal. [PAR] At first the revolution seems to be a success. All of the animals, directed and supervised by the pigs, work hard to bring in the harvest. But there are indications from the beginning that the pigs treat themselves specially. They remain the supervisors, doing no physical labor, and they take extra food (mild and windfall apples) for themselves instead of sharing with the others. Meanwhile Jones, with the aid of his neighbors, tries to retake the farm. They are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Illinois.gov Illinois.gov [PAR] Illinois.gov [PAR] Check Your List Twice: Drive Sober and Buckle Up [PAR] CHICAGO \u2013 The Illinois Department of Transportation, Illinois State Police and local police throughout the state are teaming up to make sure driving sober and buckling up are a holiday tradition. As part of the national Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over campaign, nearly 200 law enforcement agencies will be out in force across Illinois in an end-of-year push to drive down fatalities. [PAR] Governor Discusses Department of Corrections Transformation and Criminal Justice Reforms [PAR] SPRINGFIELD, IL - Governor Rauner joined Illinois Department of Corrections Director John Baldwin to highlight efforts the administration has made to transform the Department of Corrections (DOC) along with other criminal justice reforms. Nearly 13,000 security, non-security and contract DOC staff have participated in a two-day Mental Illness 101 \u2013 See the Person not the Illness training session in 2016 with almost 100 percent compliance."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Happy 543rd Birthday, Nicolaus Copernicus | Smart News ... Happy 543rd Birthday, Nicolaus Copernicus | Smart News | Smithsonian [PAR] Happy 543rd Birthday, Nicolaus Copernicus [PAR] The Renaissance scientist set the stage for modern astronomy [PAR] (via Wikimedia Commons) [PAR] smithsonian.com [PAR] February 19, 2016 [PAR] In many ways, astronomers around the world can trace their scientific roots to Nicolaus Copernicus. Born on Feburary 19, 1473, Copernicus was a revolutionary astronomer and mathematician who turned Renaissance science on its head with the idea that the planets did not revolve around the Earth after all. With this radical notion, Copernicus set astronomy down a new path that transformed how scientists think about the universe. [PAR] Related Content [PAR] Happy 452nd Birthday, Galileo [PAR] Copernicus was born in modern-day Torun, Poland to a merchant family, but was cared for by his uncle, a priest, after his father died when Copernicus was just 10 years old. When he was 18, Copernicus travelled to Italy to study, at the time intending to eventually follow in his uncle\u2019s footsteps and join the church. It was there that he was first introduced to astronomy, Nola Taylor Redd wrote for Space.com . [PAR] In the early 16th century, astronomy wasn\u2019t really considered a science, but just one aspect of astrology, which was used as a means for predicting the future. People believed that astrology was critical for learned people like priests and doctors to know, and many universities taught astrology as a legitimate science. For them, astronomy was just a means for tracking the movements of the stars and planets to make more accurate predictions, Redd wrote. [PAR] At the time, most people subscribed to an Aristotelian model of the universe, which posited that the Earth sat at the center of existence and was surrounded by 55 concentric crystal spheres to which the stars and planets were attached, Deborah Byrd writes for EarthSky.org . However, there were mathematical flaws in this model, particularly when planets occasionally appeared to move backwards across the sky, an illusion called \u201capparent retrograde motion.\u201d [PAR] As Redd wrote: [PAR] To account for it, the current model, based on the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy's view, incorporated a number of circles within circles \u2014 epicycles \u2014 inside of a planet's path. Some planets required as many as seven circles, creating a cumbersome model many felt was too complicated to have naturally occurred. [PAR] By 1514, Copernicus had given up becoming a cleric, instead devoting his time to astronomy, which he excelled at. But even as powerful leaders including the pope turned to Copernicus for astronomical advice, he was formulating a theory that would turn the Renaissance world on its head. That same year, he passed around handwritten pamphlets to his close friends that outlined his theories, including that it was the sun, not the Earth, that sat at the center of the universe, according to a BBC biography . [PAR] Though Copernicus\u2019 theory had its flaws, it did solve the persistent problem of why planets sometimes appeared to orbit in reverse. However, the theory was so radical that he didn\u2019t publish until 1543, when he was on his deathbed. Though it took nearly 100 years for his ideas to take hold, Copernicus\u2019 book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), rocked the world of the Renaissance and sparked a scientific revolution carried on by successors like Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei ( whose own birthday was earlier this week ). By moving the Earth from the center of the universe, Copernicus helped transform astronomy from an addendum"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Films -article article - The Sid Theory BBC - Films -article article - The Sid Theory [PAR] The Sid Theory [PAR] Written by James King [PAR] Sid James on screen had three recognisable traits. He drank, he gambled, and he chased Babs Windsor. [PAR] According to biographies, his private life was kept similarly busy with such diverse pastimes as, er, drinking, gambling, and chasing Babs Windsor. [PAR] In other words, part of Sid's success was the feeling that he was an actor who wasn't really acting - he was just being himself. [PAR] So convincing were his frequent cinematic marriages to Hattie Jacques that the public often believed that they were a bona fide couple. [PAR] And if you think his \"Carry On\" film feuds with co-star Kenneth Williams looked good on celluloid, it's no surprise - just read Kenny's diaries for info on the real life tension. [PAR] Sid's movie character names are probably the most fun evidence of this fine line between fact and fiction. Let's be honest, one look at that walnut face and only one name springs to mind. He is 100% pure Sid. [PAR] So here's some Sid James character names. Spot the running theme: [PAR] Sid Fiddler (\"Carry On Girls\") [PAR] Sid Abbott (Bless This House) [PAR] Sid Plummer (\"Carry On at Your Convenience\") [PAR] Sid Bliss (\"Carry On Loving\") [PAR] Sid Boggle (\"Carry On Camping\") [PAR] Sir Sidney Ruff-Diamond (\"Carry On up the Khyber\") [PAR] Sid Marks (\"Three Hats for Lisa\") [PAR] Sid Gibson (\"Make Mine a Million\") [PAR] Sid (\"What a Carve Up!\") [PAR] Sid (\"Double Bunk\") [PAR] Sid (\"Too Many Crooks\") [PAR] Sidney Balmoral James (Hancock's Half Hour) [PAR] Having said all that, his Sid-less name in \"Carry On Again Doctor\" still sums him perfectly - Gladstone Screwer. But I bet he was called Sid for short. [PAR] Web Links"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nefertiti - Ancient History - HISTORY.com Nefertiti - Ancient History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Nefertiti as Queen [PAR] Nefertiti may have been the daughter of Ay, a top adviser who would go on to become pharaoh after King Tut\u2019s death in 1323 B.C. An alternate theory suggests she was a princess from the Mittani kingdom in northern Syria. She was her husband\u2019s Great Royal Wife (favored consort) when he ascended the throne in Thebes as Amenhotep IV. In the fifth year of his reign, he displaced Egypt\u2019s chief god Amon in favor of Aten, moved the capitol north to Amarna and changed his name to Akhenaten, with Nefertiti taking on the additional name \u201cNeferneferuaten\u201d\u2014her full name meaning \u201cBeautiful are the beauties of Aten, a Beautiful Woman has come.\u201d [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The beauty of the iconic Nefertiti bust may only be skin deep. CT scans in 2009 revealed that underneath the surface of smooth painted stucco is the sculptor Thudmose's more realistic limestone carving of a woman with wrinkled cheeks and a bump on her nose. [PAR] Akhenaten\u2019s transformation of religion brought with it radical changes in artistic conventions. Departing from the idealized images of earlier pharaohs, Akhenaten is sometimes depicted with feminine hips and exaggerated features. Early images of Nefertiti show a stereotypical young woman, but in later ones she is a near mirror image of Akhenaten. Her final depictions reveal a regal but realistic figure. [PAR] On the walls of tombs and temples built during Akhenaten\u2019s reign Nefertiti is depicted alongside her husband with a frequency seen for no other Egyptian queen. In many cases she is shown in positions of power and authority\u2014leading worship of Aten, driving a chariot or smiting an enemy. [PAR] After Nefertiti had given birth to six daughters, her husband began taking other wives, including his own sister, with whom he fathered the future King Tut ( Tutankhamen ). Nefertiti\u2019s third daughter Ankhesenpaaten would eventually become her half-brother Tutankhamen\u2019s queen. [PAR] Nefertiti As a Possible Ruler [PAR] Nefertiti disappears from the historical record around the 12th year of Akhenaten\u2019s 17-year reign. She may have died at that point, but it is possible she became her husband\u2019s official co-regent under the name Neferneferuaten. Akhenaten was followed as pharaoh by Smenkhkare, who some historians suggest may have been another name for Nefertiti. This would not have been without precedent: In the 15th century B.C. the female pharaoh Hatshepsut ruled Egypt in the guise of a man, complete with a ceremonial false beard. [PAR] If Nefertiti kept power during and beyond Akhenaten\u2019s last years, it is possible she began the reversal of her husband\u2019s religious polices that would reach fruition during the reign of King Tut. At one point Neferneferuaten employed a scribe to make divine offerings to Amun, pleading for him to return and dispel the kingdom\u2019s darkness. [PAR] The Bust of Nefertiti [PAR] On December 6, 1913, a team led by German archaeologist Ludwig Borchardt discovered a sculpture buried upside-down in the sandy rubble on the floor of the excavated workshop of the royal sculptor Thutmose in Amarna. The painted figure featured a slender neck, gracefully proportioned face and a curious blue cylindrical headpiece of a style only seen in images of Nefertiti. Borchardt\u2019s team had an agreement to split its artifacts with the Egyptian government, so the bust was shipped as part of Germany\u2019s portion. A single, poor photograph was published in an archaeological journal and the bust was given to the expedition\u2019s funder, Jacques Simon, who displayed it for the next 11 years in his private residence."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Country Suffix List for Domains on the Internet - Dave Cushman Country Suffix List for Domains on the Internet [PAR] Country Suffix List for Domains on the Internet [PAR] This listing [PAR] may not be complete, as new suffixes may be generated to fulfill needs, if you have details of any extra ones that can be included, please [PAR] and I will add them. [PAR] A [PAR] .ac Ascension Island .adAndorra .aeUnited Arab Emirates .afAfghanistan .agAntigua and Barbuda .aiAnguilla .alAlbania .amArmenia .anNetherlands Antilles .aoAngola .aqAntarctica .arArgentina .asAmerican Samoa .atAustria .auAustralia .awAruba .axAland Islands .azAzerbaijan [PAR] B [PAR] .ba Bosnia-Herzegovina .bbBarbados .bdBangladesh .beBelgium .bfBurkina Faso .bgBulgaria .bhBahrain .biBurundi .bjBenin .blSaint Barthelemy .bmBermuda .bnBrunei Darussalam .boBolivia .brBrazil .bsBahamas .btBhutan .bvBouvet Island (delegated to Norway, but unused) .bwBotswana .byBelarus .bzBelize [PAR] C [PAR] .ca Canada .ccCocos (Keeling) Islands .cdCongo, Democratic republic of (formerly Zaire) .cfCentral African Republic .cgCongo, Republic of .chSwitzerland .ciC\u00f4te D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) .ckCook Islands .clChile .cmCameroon .cnChina .coColombia .crCosta Rica .csCzechoslovakia (former, no longer exists) .cuCuba .cvCape Verde .cxChristmas Island .cyCyprus .czCzech Republic [PAR] D [PAR] .de Germany .djDjibouti .dkDenmark .dmDominica .doDominican Republic .dzAlgeria [PAR] E [PAR] .ec Ecuador .eeEstonia .egEgypt .ehWestern Sahara .erEritrea .esSpain .etEthiopia .euEuropean Union [PAR] F [PAR] .fi Finland .fjFiji .fkFalkland Islands .fmMicronesia .foFaroe Islands .frFrance [PAR] G [PAR] .ga Gabon .gbGreat Britain .gdGrenada .geGeorgia .gfFrench Guiana .ggGuernsey .ghGhana .giGibraltar .glGreenland .gmGambia .gnGuinea .gpGuadalupe (guadeloupe) (French) .gqEquatorial Guinea .grGreece .gsSouth Georgia & South Sandwich Islands .gtGuatemala .guGuam .gwGuinea-Bissau .gyGuyana [PAR] H [PAR] .hk Hong Kong .hmHeard and McDonald Islands .hnHonduras .hrCroatia (Hravtska) .htHaiti .huHungary [PAR] I [PAR] .id Indonesia .ieIreland .ilIsrael .imIsle of Man .inIndia .ioBritish Indian Ocean Territory .iqIraq .irIran .isIceland .itItaly [PAR] J [PAR] .je Jersey .jmJamaica .joJordan .jpJapan [PAR] K [PAR] .ke Kenya .kgKyrgyzstan .khCambodia .kiKiribati .kmComoros .knSaint Kitts and Nevis .kpKorea, Democratic People's Republic of .krKorea, Republic of .kwKuwait .kyCayman Islands .kzKazakhstan [PAR] L [PAR] .la Lao People's Democratic Republic .lbLebanon .lcSaint Lucia .liLiechtenstein .lkSri Lanka .lrLiberia .lsLesotho .ltLithuania .luLuxembourg .lvLatvia .lyLibyan Arab Jamahiriya [PAR] M [PAR] .ma Morocco .mcMonaco .mdMoldavia .meMontenegro .mfSaint Martin (French Zone) .mgMadagascar .mhMarshall Islands .mkMacedonia .mlMali .mmMyanmar .mnMongolia .moMacau .mpNorthern Mariana Islands .mqMartinique .mrMauritania .msMontserrat .mtMalta .muMauritius .mvMaldives .mwMalawi .mxMexico .myMalaysia .mzMozambique [PAR] n [PAR] .na Namibia .ncNew Caledonia (French) .neNiger .nfNorfolk Island .ngNigeria .niNicaragua .nlThe Netherlands .noNorway .npNepal .nrNauru .nuNiue .nzNew Zealand [PAR] O [PAR] .om Oman [PAR] P [PAR] .pa Panama .pePeru .pfFrench Polynesia .pgPapua New Guinea .phPhilippines .pkPakistan .plPoland .pmSt. Pierre and Miquelon .pnPitcairn .prPuerto Rico .psPalestine (occupied) .ptPortugal .pwPalau .pyParaguay [PAR] Q [PAR] .re Reunion Island .roRomania .rsSerbia .ruRussia .rwRwanda [PAR] S [PAR] .sa Saudi Arabia .sbSolomon Islands .scSeychelles .sdSudan .seSweden .sgSingapore .shSt. Helena .siSlovenia .sjSvalbard & Jan Mayen Islands (Norway) .skSlovakia .slSierra Leone .smSan Marino .snSenegal .soSomalia .srSurinam .stSao Tome and Principe .suUSSR (former) .svEl Salvador .sySyrian Arab Republic .szSwaziland [PAR] T [PAR] .tc The Turks & Caicos Islands .tdChad .tfFrench Southern Territories .tgTogo .thThailand .tjTajikistan .tkTokelau .tlTimor-Leste .tmTurkmenistan .tnTunisia .toTonga .tpEast Timor .trTurkey .ttTrinidad and Tobago .tvTuvalu .twTaiwan .tzTanzania [PAR] U [PAR] .ua Ukraine .ugUganda .ukUnited Kingdom .umUnited States Minor Outlying Islands .usUnited States .uyUruguay .uzUzbekistan [PAR] V [PAR] .va Holy See (Vatican City State) .vcSaint Vincent & Grenadines .veVenezuela .vgVirgin Islands British .viVirgin Islands U.S .vnVietnam .vuVanuatu [PAR] W"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Happy Birthday, Peter Mark Roget, Compiler of Roget\u2019s ... Happy Birthday, Peter Mark Roget, Compiler of Roget\u2019s Thesaurus [PAR] Happy Birthday, Peter Mark Roget, Compiler of Roget\u2019s Thesaurus [PAR] January 18, 2010 [PAR] by Shannon Firth [PAR] Peter Mark Roget had far-ranging passions and hobbies. He was a philologist, a doctor, a teacher, an inventor and a chess aficionado. Roget improved on the kaleidoscope and made important contributions to the science of cinema. He helped found the University of London and the Society for the Diffusion of Knowledge, but arguably his most memorable contribution is his thesaurus. [PAR] Early Days [PAR] Peter Mark Roget was born in London on January 18, 1779. His father, Rev. Jean Roget, died when Roget was four years old , and his mother Catherine moved the family several times before settling in Edinburgh. [PAR] He entered the University of Edinburgh at the age of 14 and earned his medical degree five years later . A Time magazine profile describes Roget as \u201ca slim, sociable gentleman, whose feverish energy left his London friends panting.\u201d [PAR] Notable Accomplishments [PAR] Indeed, Roget kept busy over the years. He worked as a private physician and a tutor. He wrote numerous entries for various encyclopedias. He invented a pocket chessboard and a new type of slide rule. He served 21 years as secretary for the Royal Society , Britain\u2019s national academy of science. The government asked him to explore London\u2019s water system. He sought to improve sanitation and food preservation, even discussing the concept of a \u201cfrigidarium.\u201d He helped to found Manchester Medical School and the University of London. [PAR] On November 18, 1824, he married Mary Taylor Hobson; two weeks after their wedding, she fumed over his cold breakfast while he stood entranced by the sight of a cart\u2019s wheels, viewed through the blinds in his kitchen window. In a paper he sent to the Royal Society, Roget explained his observation: \u201cAn impression made by a pencil of rays on the retina, if sufficiently vivid, will remain for a certain time after the cause has ceased.\u201d The insight that a series of images presented in rapid succession would create the illusion of motion eventually led to the development of cinema . [PAR] Sources in this Story [PAR] The Rest of the Story [PAR] Twenty-eight editions of the thesaurus were published during Roget\u2019s lifetime. He died on September 12, 1869. His son, and then his grandson, went on to edit later editions of the thesaurus; it was later sold to a publisher. The first edition of the thesaurus had a print run of 1,000. According to the Independent, more than 32 million copies of the thesaurus had been sold by 2002. A Slate article suggests that the Web may soon make the print version of the thesaurus obsolete , but some lexicographers still use principles from Roget\u2019s system of classification in their databases today.[DOC] [TLE] The Remarkable Roget's Thesaurus | Merriam-Webster The Remarkable Roget's Thesaurus | Merriam-Webster [PAR] It's all fun and games until someone beats your high score. [PAR] Roget's Thesaurus [PAR] More than just a collection of related words\u2014Peter Mark Roget intended his Thesaurus to be a classification of all knowledge [PAR] Joshua Kendall [PAR] Though nearly everyone is familiar with the Roget\u2019s Thesaurus, few people know anything about Peter Mark Roget, the eminent 19th century physician, physiology expert, mathematician, inventor, writer, editor and chess whiz\u2014and what motivated him to write his immortal book. [PAR] Photo: Peter Mark Roget (1779-1869). Photograph by Ernest Edwards, 1867 [PAR] Roget was obsessed with symmetry. The 1852 Thesaurus divvied 1,000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leatherface (Character) - IMDb Leatherface (Character) [PAR] Leatherface (Character) [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Not much is known about the monster known as Leatherface... See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Bubba 'Leatherface' Sawyer / Bubba Sawyer / Chainsaw Killer / Leatherface #1 / Leatherface 'Bubba' Sawyer / Leatherface 'Junior' Sawyer / Leatherface Slaughter / Thomas Hewitt / Young Leatherface [PAR] Filmography [PAR] ... aka \"Texas Chainsaw\" - UK (TV title), USA (DVD title) [PAR] ... aka \"Texas Chainsaw 5\" - USA (informal alternative title) [PAR] ... aka \"ScrewAttack.com's Angry Video Game Nerd\" - USA (DVD box title) [PAR] ... aka \"The Angry Nintendo Nerd\" - International (English title) (first season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Leatherface\" - USA (short title) [PAR] ... aka \"TCM 3\" - USA (short title) [PAR] ... aka \"Texas Chainsaw Massacre 3\" - USA (alternative title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness 3\" - USA (third season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness 8\" - USA (eighth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness 9\" - USA (ninth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness X\" - USA (tenth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: '80s-A-Thon\" - USA (sixth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: Camp Cult\" - USA (fourth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: Godzilla-Thon\" - USA (second season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: History of Horror\" - USA (first season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: Sequel-A-Thon\" - USA (fifth season title) [PAR] ... aka \"Cinemassacre's Monster Madness: Sequel-A-Thon 2\" - USA (seventh season title) [PAR] From \"Married with Children: Buck Can Do It (#2.4)\" (1987) [PAR] Al Bundy : Oh, Buck. I didn't want this to happen. [PAR] Buck : I know you didn't, Bundy. And that what makes it even harder to swallow. Ah, what's the difference? I'm sick of the sight of you! I wish you were dead! [PAR] Al Bundy : Where are you going? [PAR] Buck : Oh, I guess I'll go out and sniff a few butts for old times' sake. [PAR] [Buck opens the front door and a blood-splattered, leather-masked chainsaw-wielding figure, Leatherface, and a hockey-masked, machete-wielding figure, Jason Voorhees, enter] [PAR] Chainsaw : Hi. We're insane killers! [PAR] [Buck beckons them to come on in] [PAR] Buck : Heh, heh! [PAR] [Buck exits out the front door where he closes and locks it behind him with Al inside with the two killers who advance towards him] [PAR] [...]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Campanology - definition of campanology by The Free Dictionary Campanology - definition of campanology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Campanology - definition of campanology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/campanology [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] cam\u00b7pa\u00b7nol\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (k\u0103m\u2032p\u0259-n\u014fl\u2032\u0259-j\u0113) [PAR] The art or study of bell casting and ringing. [PAR] [Late Latin camp\u0101na, bell; see campanile + -logy .] [PAR] cam\u2032pa\u00b7nol\u2032o\u00b7gist n. [PAR] campanology [PAR] (Music, other) the art or skill of ringing bells musically [PAR] [C19: from New Latin camp\u0101nologia, from Late Latin camp\u0101na bell] [PAR] campanological adj [PAR] cam\u2022pa\u2022nol\u2022o\u2022gy [PAR] (\u02cck\u00e6m p\u0259\u02c8n\u0252l \u0259 d\u0292i) [PAR] the art of bell ringing. [PAR] [1670\u201380; Late Latin camp\u0101n(a) bell] [PAR] cam`pa\u2022nol\u2032o\u2022gist, n. [PAR] campanology [PAR] The art or practice of ringing bells to create music. [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Bells [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Marske vicar the Rev David Tembey presented a certificate of achievement to Saltburn WI president Anne Cowie to record the group's successful introduction to campanology. [PAR] Bells ring out for WI centenary [PAR] e bells will be hoisted up, one by one, through the ringing room oor to the belfry where they will be rehung by an experienced bell hanger assisted by some of the FACTFILE The proper term for bell-ring |is campanology Bells are cast, then tuned, |then sounded Change ringing began early |in the 17th century and now there are 4,000 peals in the UK every year A collection of bells is known |as a ring of bells St Mary's Church, Mirfield, |has 10 bells The main parts of a bell are |the barrel, the cannon and the clapper There are more than 7,000 | English-style rings [PAR] Baah...humbug! [PAR] Tinkler's decision to buy back Campanology for 28,000gns at last year's sale reaped rewards one year on when the half-brother to Tinkler's 2,000 Guineas runner-up Dubawi Gold was sold yesterday for 100,000gns to Guy Mulcaster, acting on behalf of Australian trainer Chris Waller. [PAR] Royal Diamond to remain with Murtagh [PAR] And Johnny Murtagh, enjoying a great season as both rider and trainer, has claims on CAMPANOLOGY, if he recaptures the form which saw him finish fourth to Fiesolana at the Curragh on Guineas weekend in May. [PAR] GLOBAL WARNINGS; PREVIEW THE HORSES TO FOLLOW ON DAY 2 Mile prize could be heading across the Irish Sea [PAR] Coventry Diocesan Guild of Bellringers will be ringing the piece throughout the day from Hockley's elegant St Paul's Church, when people can visit the bell tower and learn more about the art of campanology.[DOC] [TLE] Campanology | Define Campanology at Dictionary.com Campanology | Define Campanology at Dictionary.com [PAR] campanology [PAR] [kam-puh-nol-uh-jee] /\u02cck\u00e6m p\u0259\u02c8n\u0252l \u0259 d\u0292i/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] the principles or art of making bells, bell ringing, etc. [PAR] Origin of campanology [PAR] 1670-80; < New Latin campanologia = Late Latin camp\u0101n(a) bell (see campanile ) + New Latin -ologia (see -o- , -logy ) [PAR] Related forms [PAR] [kam-puh-nl-oj-i-kuh l] /\u02cck\u00e6m p\u0259 nl\u02c8\u0252d\u0292 \u026a k\u0259l/ (Show IPA), adjective [PAR] campanologically, adverb [PAR] Examples from the Web for campanology [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] As to bell-ringing, the adepts insist upon it that this is a science; and they give it the name of campanology. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for campanology [PAR] Expand [PAR] the art or skill of ringing bells musically [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] C19: from New Latin camp\u0101nologia, from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher, former British prime minister, dead at ... Margaret Thatcher, former British prime minister, dead at 87 - The Washington Post [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, former British prime minister, dead at 87 [PAR] The inside track on Washington politics. [PAR] Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we\u2019ll e-mail you free updates as they\u2019re published. [PAR] You\u2019ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. [PAR] You\u2019re all set! [PAR] Margaret Thatcher: 1925-2013 [PAR] View Photos [PAR] Former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, the grocer\u2019s daughter whose overpowering personality, bruising political style and free-market views transformed Britain and transfixed America through the 1980s, died Monday following a stroke, her spokesman said in a statement. She was 87. [PAR] Caption [PAR] Former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, the grocer\u2019s daughter whose overpowering personality, bruising political style and free-market views transformed Britain and transfixed America through the 1980s, died April 8 after a stroke, her spokesman said in a statement. She was 87. [PAR] Thatcher was a research chemist in 1950 when she made her first run for Parliament. \"My training in chemistry and law were all based on delving for facts and arriving at conclusions,\" she said, adding that such training proved helpful when she finally won a seat in 1959. AP [PAR] By Fred Barbash By Fred Barbash April 8, 2013 Follow @fbarbash [PAR] Former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, the grocer\u2019s daughter whose overpowering personality, bruising political style and free-market views transformed Britain and transfixed America through the 1980s, died Monday after a stroke, her spokesman said in a statement. She was 87. [PAR] The first woman to lead a major Western power, Mrs. Thatcher served 111 / 2 uninterrupted years in office before stepping down Nov. 28, 1990, making her the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century. [PAR] Infuriated by Britain\u2019s image as the \u201csick old man of Europe,\u201d she set out to dismantle Britain\u2019s cradle-to-grave welfare state, selling off scores of massive state-owned industries, crushing the power of organized labor and cutting government spending with the purpose of liberating the nation from what she called a \u201cculture of dependency.\u201d [PAR] On the world stage, she collaborated closely with her friend Ronald Reagan to modernize Europe\u2019s anti-Soviet nuclear shield by deploying cruise and Pershing II missiles in Britain, a costly and controversial enterprise that some analysts would later say contributed to the breakup of the Soviet Union. Mrs. Thatcher then joined Reagan\u2019s successor, George H.W. Bush, in repelling Saddam Hussein\u2019s invasion of Kuwait, counseling Bush not to go \u201cwobbly\u201d on her. [PAR] She fought her own war as well, dispatching an armada to retake by force a colonial outpost off South America \u2014 the Falkland Islands \u2014 after it was invaded by Argentina in 1982. At the same time, she negotiated the end of Britain\u2019s lease over another colonial relic, Hong Kong. [PAR] During her career, Mrs. Thatcher was frequently at war with consensus, which she disdained as the abandonment of \u201call beliefs, principles, values and policies.\u201d At a low point in her popularity ratings, facing a clamor for change from her own party members, she gave a defiant response: \u201cYou turn if you want to,\u201d she declared. \u201cThis lady\u2019s not for turning.\u201d [PAR] While unapologetically advancing what she considered the Victorian values that made Britain great, Mrs. Thatcher thoroughly modernized British politics, deploying ad agencies and large sums of money to advance her party\u2019s standing. \u201cThe Iron Lady,\u201d as she was dubbed, was credited with converting a spent Conservative Party from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South America Border Crossing - Travel information South America Border Crossing [PAR] Venezuela [PAR] South America Border Crossing [PAR] Border crossing in South America is very straightforward. After landing at your destination by plane you'll be given a tourist visa with a time of stay. This is usually three months (90 days). You can leave the country at any time during those 90 days and can do so either at the country's border crossing or by taking a plane and fly to another country. [PAR] On Foot: [PAR] Each country has different official crossing points at their border. When leaving a country you present yourself at customs with your passport. Depending on the crowd this can take from 5 minutes up to 5 hours. Getting there early is the message. They check your credentials, scrutinize your pretty face and with a poetic gesture they stamp your passport with an exit stamp. [PAR] You cross the border on foot (sometimes by bus or boat depending where your are) and at the country of arrival you undergo the same treatment. You should get a 90 day tourist visa. [PAR] Note: I was only granted 30 days when I entered Bolivia coming from Peru. You can get the full 90 days by presenting yourself at Migraciones in La Paz with your passport and claiming your rights for a full stay. Other than that I have never had any problems crossing borders from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile. [PAR] By Plane: [PAR] Border crossing by plane is not at all adventurous. When leaving a country officials will give you an exit stamp before you enter your departure gate. On the plane you'll be provided with a landing card. At your final destination officials will check both your landing card and your passport, give you an entry stamp of 90 days and hand over your passport with a big smile. [PAR] That's it! Enjoy your stay! [PAR] Travel with Us [PAR] South America travel deals , ranging from 6 to 199 days, visiting 10 countries with a variety of transport and accommodation. [PAR] Attractions of[DOC] [TLE] South America | Map of South America - World Map South America Map, Map of South America [PAR] South America Industrial Centers [PAR] About South America [PAR] South America is the world's fourth largest continent on Earth, and the fifth most populous. With a history that spans over a thousand years, South America has been culturally influenced by Spanish, Portuguese, Asian, and African cultures. [PAR] Europeans explored South America beginning in the late fifteenth century, and the continent was named after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci who is believed to have recognized it as a separate continent. Located primarily in the southern hemisphere, with a few countries in the northern hemisphere, South America is comprised of twelve independent countries and three territories. [PAR] Geography [PAR] South America is bound by the Caribbean Sea in the north, the North Atlantic Ocean in the east and northeast and by the South Atlantic Ocean in the southeast. The South Pacific Ocean borders the continent in the west. In the northwest, the Isthmus of Panama joins South America with North America. South America is also home to a stunning variety of landscapes from desert to rainforest, and from plains to hills. [PAR] Historic Overview [PAR] South America has a long history, dating back to human migration across the Bering Land Bridge. By about 1200 BC hunters traveled from Asia to Alaska, crossing the Bering Strait and drifted gradually south. From 1400 to 1550, the indigenous people of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mansfield Park, By Jane Austen Mansfield Park, By Jane Austen [PAR] [PAR] Mansfield Park has the dubious distinction of being disliked by more of Jane Austen's fans than any of her other novels, even to the point of spawning \"Fanny Wars\" in internet discussion forums. Its themes are very different from those of her other books, which can generally be simplified into one sentence, or even one phrase: Sense and Sensibility is about balancing emotions and thought, Pride and Prejudice is about judging others too quickly, Emma is about growing into adulthood, and Persuasion is about second chances. The theme of Mansfield Park, on the other hand, can not be so easily described. Is it about ordination? Is it an allegory on Regency England? Is it about slavery? Is it about the education of children? Is it about the difference between appearances and reality? Is it about the results of breaking with society's mor\ufffds? Any, or all of those themes can, and have been applied to Mansfield Park. [PAR] The major problem for most of the novel's detractors is the lead character, Fanny Price. She is shy, timid, lacking in self-confidence, physically weak, and seemingly\u2014to some, annoyingly\u2014always right. Austen's own mother called her \"insipid\", and many have used the word \"priggish\". She is certainly not like the lively and witty Elizabeth Bennet of Pride and Prejudice. But Mansfield Park also has many supporters, whose admiration and loyalty can be attributed to the depth and complexity of the themes in the book and to the main character\u2014a young woman who is unlike most heroines found in literature. [PAR] One thing is certain, this novel is not like Jane Austen's others. The girl-gets-boy plot of her other work is mostly absent here, and the heroine's success in finding love is treated briefly, quickly, and for many readers\u2014especially those who expected something like the romantic Pride and Prejudice\u2014unsatisfactorily. Only in the final chapter\u2014essentially the epilogue\u2014does Fanny get the love she deserves. The story and themes of Mansfield Park are, therefore, not as closely tied with the heroine's road to marital bliss as in Austen's other novels. [PAR] Jane Austen began planning Mansfield Park in February of 1811 and finished it in the summer of 1813. It was published on May 4, 1814 and was Austen's third published novel; though, as with all of her novels, her name was not attached to it until after her death. [PAR] This was also the first of her novels which was not a revision of an earlier work. Elinor and Marianne was probably written in 1795 and finally revised and published as Sense and Sensibility in late 1811. First Impressions was written between 1796-97, and was finally published in 1813 as Pride and Prejudice. Mansfield Park, therefore, was conceived from its very beginning by a more mature Jane Austen than the previous two novels\u2014written, as they were, first by the young Austen (~ 20 years old) and then the older Austen (~ 36). By the time Jane Austen began planning and writing Mansfield Park she had passed through her eligible years and, at 36, into confirmed spinsterhood. [PAR] Chapter descriptions are designed to be very vague and cryptic. They are for people who are familiar with the book to help them find the chapter they want, and they are not designed for the student who might be looking for a quick way to get out of reading the novel. [PAR] Below, and on the individual pages, there are two sets of chapter numbers. One set reflects the fact that the novel was originally published in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 10 Biggest Box Office Flops of All Time | Goliath The 10 Biggest Box Office Flops of All Time | Goliath [PAR] The 10 Biggest Box Office Flops of All Time [PAR] Source: Damnwallpapers.com [PAR] In order for a film to be a profitable, those attached to it will be praying for success at the box office. If the film does not break even at the box office, it is considered a flop and will lose money for the studio, distributor and production company. It is possible for these films to break even after their theatrical run, but often the damage is done by flopping at the box office. Over history there have been some catastrophic flops, and some of these have even resulted in bankruptcy for the studios and tarnished reputations. [PAR] 10. The Adventures of Pluto Nash (2002) [PAR] A science fiction comedy film that is neither adventurous nor funny, The Adventures of Pluto Nash would go on to be a box office bomb, and a film universally panned by critics and the small group of moviegoers that went to the cinema to see it. Starring Eddie Murphy, the film is set on the moon in 2087 seeing Murphy\u2019s character, Pluto Nash, as a nightclub owner who refuses to sell his club to the local mob. The film wrapped in 2000 and would sit on the shelf for two years before being released in 2002. It\u2019s total worldwide gross earnings were $7 million after having an estimated budget of $100 million. This makes it one of the most expensive bombs of all time, although it would perform better on DVD. Murphy would later state \u201cI know two or three people that liked this movie.\u201d [PAR] 2 [PAR] 9. Stealth (2005) [PAR] 2005\u2019s Stealth is an action/science fiction film which stars Josh Lucas, Jessica Biel and Oscar-winner Jamie Foxx (Ray, 2004). It was directed by Rob Cohen, who has directed popular action films such as The Fast and the Furious and xXx, but this is one film that Cohen and the crew wish that they could take back. It was released by Columbia pictures on a bulging budget of $135 million (excluding advertising), but it would only make $76,932,872 at theaters around the world, making it a spectacular box office flop and gigantic loss. The film was slammed by critics and labeled a \u201cdumbed-down Topgun,\u201d but it also had to compete with Wedding Crashers, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Sky High at theaters. Stealth is just one of a few financial disasters for Columbia, including XXX: State of the Union, Bewitched, Into the Blue, Zathura and Rent. [PAR] 3 [PAR] 8. Heaven\u2019s Gate (1980) [PAR] The 1980 Western featuring Kris Kristofferson, Christopher Walken, Isabelle Huppert and Jeff Bridges has become somewhat of a cult classic, but upon release it was a colossal failure and would bankrupt the studio (United Artists). It was written and directed by Michael Cimino (recently off of the success of 1978\u2019s The Deer Hunter), and the failure would ruin his reputation and see the Western genre vanish from the cinema for a full decade. Cimino was criticized and blamed for the failure, with his vision pushing the film four times over the budget. His insistence on complete creative control contributed to greater control from the studios on other films, seeing the likes of Coppola and Scorsese forced from the driving seat of projects. The film cost $44 million to make and would have a worldwide gross revenue of just $3.5 million, but the impact of its failure would shake the entire"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shipping with Russia - Global Forwarding Shipping with Russia [PAR] Shipping with Russia [PAR] Submitted by blogger on Mon, 2014/02/17 - 12:47pm [PAR] Russia is emerging as a growing nation involved in international trade. Those shippers involved in international freight shipping should take notice of Russia and their growing role in the global market. In 2012, Russia finally entered the World Trade Organization (WTO). Since then, Russia has become a top 10 trading nation with export shipping. In terms of ocean freight shipping , Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port, located on the Black Sea, is Russia\u2019s largest seaport. Spanning 11 different time zones, Russia\u2019s largest ocean border is the Arctic Ocean. Very few ports are on the Arctic Ocean. The Northern Sea Route for shipping is through the Arctic Ocean, and the vessels there have to navigate through this cold and icy body of water. [PAR] The lead export market and import market for Russia is the European Union. In recent years, trade between the US and Russia has developed. Trade talks emerged after the end of the Cold War. In 2012, talks between US President Obama and Russian President Medvedev improved trade. Currently, the US imports more than we export from Russia. This used to be a trade imbalance of a 4-1 deficit, and now it is getting closer to 2-1. In 2013, the US import total from Russia was $26,961,500. The export total that year was $11,164,000, which is a new record. For businesses that are interested in shipping to the expanded market of Russia, speaking to a trusted freight forwarder can help. They can provide advice and rates to help improve your shipping plans with Russia."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trusty - Disney Wiki - Wikia Trusty | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Trusty is a bloodhound from Disney's 1955 animated film Lady and the Tramp . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Trusty is the neighbor of Lady , and possibly the oldest dog in the film. According to Jock and himself, he was once a service dog working alongside his grandfather, the esteemed Old Reliable, to track down and capture criminals before eventually having his age catch up to him, which is when he supposedly lost his sense of smell for a number of years. Though Trusty firmly believes his strong sense of smell remains intact, Jock believes otherwise (though he refuses to admit it, not wanting to hurt Trusty's feelings). [PAR] Now retired, Trusty spends his days alongside his best friends, Jock and Lady, who hold a strong kinship with the old dog. [PAR] Trusty can usually seem absentminded and a little clumsy, but is a loyal, sweet and respectful friend to Lady and everyone else. He has a large way with manners referring to Lady as \"Miss Lady, ma'am.\" He can also be a blabbermouth, and regularly connects a story or topic to a piece of advice given to him from Old Reliable, with a statement going as followed: \"As my grandpappy, Old Reliable used to say, uh... Don't recollect if I've ever mentioned Old Reliable before,\" to which his friends would reply by stating he has. [PAR] It's implied that Trusty knows The Rat because when he heard Aunt Sarah scream, he said that he should've known. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Lady and the Tramp [PAR] Trusty in the original film [PAR] Trusty first appears in the beginning of the film where he is asleep, dreaming of his glory days of tracking down criminals in the swamps of Louisiana with his grandfather, Old Reliable. Jock mentions to Lady that poor Trusty has long lost his sense of smell. When Trusty finally awakens, he is delighted to see the new collar given to Lady and comments that she has grown up so fast. [PAR] Trusty later appears with Jock, as Lady is depressed at the fact that Jim Dear and Darling have not been giving the love and respect that she usually gains from them. The two of them realizes that Darling is having a baby and tries to explain with no luck until Jock explains. They briefly describe what a baby is and is interrupted by Tramp . Trusty tells Lady not to listen to Tramp's stories. [PAR] After Lady's heartwarming and heartbreaking adventure with Tramp, Jock and Trusty then appear as he visits her. Trusty is then seen feeling guilty at the fact that he misjudged Tramp after he saved Jim Jr. from a vicious rat . To redeem themselves, Jock and Trusty rush to find the dogcatcher 's wagon, where Jock realizes that Trusty never lost his sense of smell; in fact, Trusty's sense of smell is so acute that the rain concealing the trail helped him track it down. Trusty and Jock successfully stop the wagon, but Trusty was caught in the wheel, leaving him seriously injured, seemingly killed. However, on Christmas Day, it was shown to only be a broken leg, and Trusty joins his family for Christmas. [PAR] Trusty made a cameo appearance with Jock and Peg in Oliver & Company during Dodger's song \" Why Should I Worry \". [PAR] Trusty appears in several cameos on House of Mouse . In \"Pluto Saves the Day\", he was part of the all-dog band"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peasants Revolt of 1381 - History Learning Site Peasants Revolt - History Learning Site [PAR] History Learning Site [PAR] historylearningsite.co.uk . The History Learning Site , 5 Mar 2015. 20 Oct 2016. [PAR] Medieval England experienced few revolts but the most serious was the Peasants\u2019 Revolt which took place in June 1381. A violent system of punishments for offenders was usually enough to put off peasants from causing trouble. Most areas in England also had castles in which soldiers were garrisoned, and these were usually enough to guarantee reasonable behaviour among medieval peasants. [PAR] An army of peasants from Kent and Essex marched on London. They did something no-one had done before or since \u2013 they captured the Tower of London. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the King\u2019s Treasurer were killed. The king, Richard II, was only 14 at the time but despite his youth, he agreed to meet the peasants at a place called Mile End. [PAR] What were the peasants angry about and why had they come to London ? [PAR] 1. After the Black Death , many manors were left short of workers. To encourage those who had survived to stay on their manor, many lords had given the peasants on their estates their freedom and paid them to work on their land. Now, nearly 35 years after the Black Death, many peasants feared that the lords would take back these privileges and they were prepared to fight for them. [PAR] 2. Many peasants had to work for free on church land, sometimes up to two days in the week. This meant that they could not work on their own land which made it difficult to grow enough food for their families. Peasants wanted to be free of this burden that made the church rich but them poor. They were supported in what they wanted by a priest called John Ball from Kent. [PAR] 3. There had been a long war with France. Wars cost money and that money usually came from the peasants through the taxes that they paid. In 1380, Richard II introduced a new tax called the Poll Tax. This made everyone who was on the tax register pay 5p. It was the third time in four years that such a tax had been used. By 1381, the peasants had had enough. 5p to them was a great deal of money. If they could not pay in cash, they could pay in kind, such as seeds, tools etc., anything that could be vital to survival in the coming year. [PAR] In May 1381, a tax collector arrived at the Essex village of Fobbing to find out why the people there had not paid their poll tax. He was thrown out by the villagers. In June, soldiers arrived to establish law and order. They too were thrown out as the villagers of Fobbing had now organised themselves and many other local villages in Essex had joined them. After doing this, the villagers marched on London to plead with the young king to hear their complaints. [PAR] One man had emerged as the leader of the peasants \u2013 Wat Tyler from Kent. As the peasants from Kent had marched to London, they had destroyed tax records and tax registers. The buildings which housed government records were burned down. They got into the city of London because the people there had opened the gates to them. [PAR] By mid-June the discipline of the peasants was starting to go. Many got drunk in London and looting took place. It is known that foreigners were murdered by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hangover Cures | This Is Hell! Hangover Cures | This Is Hell! [PAR] Hangover Cures [PAR] Welcome to the largest source of hangover cures found on the web. [PAR] The last Hangover Cure mentioned on This is Hell! was \u2026 Take a wasabi or mustard bath. Wasabi and mustard have a noted ability to draw toxins out of your body. Simply add two tablespoons of dry mustard or wasabi to a hot bath and soak. [PAR] Every Saturday morning, This is Hell! offers our listeners a Hangover Cure to help the poor saps exorcise the evil spirits they poured into their drink hole the previous evening. [PAR] All of these cures are cited somewhere as actual hangover cures. None of these cures are fictional creations of the staff of This is Hell. [PAR] However, we do not take any responsibility for your use of these remedies. [PAR] For those of you who are curious, no, the appropriate consumption of National Beer \u00a9 does not regularly cause hangovers. However, what exactly is the appropriate consumption? That\u2019s for you to figure out. [PAR] In Ecuador, they love ceviche de camaron as a cure. [PAR] The favorite local cure in Adelaide, South Australia: a Pie Floater. It\u2019s a meat pie turned upside-down in a bowl of thick green pea soup, topped with ketchup. [PAR] Eat amino acids. Amino acids can be depleted by alcohol. Get the amino acids back and your hangover is gone. Amino acids are available in capsule form. As irregular correspondent Dr. Krys Bigosinski, MD, pointed out that they are also available in something called \u2018food\u2019. [PAR] The Russian drink known as a Royal Peter. A Royal Peter is cayenne pepper liberally mixed into a snifter of brandy. [PAR] The traditional Korean cure of alder-and-licorice tea. The alder tree produces reddish green flowers and greenish-gray to reddish-brown bark that is thin and smooth. Apparently, the flowers and bark are both used in making alder tea. So, our guess is that the Alder bark and leaves are mixed with licorice and from that you make a tea. But, we were unable to find any description of just how this tea is made. [PAR] Mix two raw eggs, lime jello and twoounces of flat Guiness in a blender. Mix and drink. [PAR] Ten percent of Iraqis are disabled by war. [PAR] A Red-Eye: whiskey, coffee, Tabasco, a raw egg, pepper and orange juice all blended together. [PAR] A Black Mary: Coffee brewed with tonic water, rather than tap water. Then, add orange juice instead of milk and honey instead of sugar. [PAR] Drink half a can of Hershey\u2019s chocolate syrup. The B vitamins supposedly cure your hangover. [PAR] Someone going by the name \u201cCoolbreeze\u201d posted this hangover cure online: \u201ctwo milky bong loads followed by a swim session in the ocean, getting pounded by the shorebreak.\u201d [PAR] A Van Diemen. Combine two cups Ovaltine, some sugar, chocolate topping, a half cup of milk, two cups hot water and three tablespoons golden syrup. Microwave on high for two minutes, adding another quarter cup of milk and stirring after one minute. Add half a packet of pinapple jelly crystals and microwave on high for another thirty seconds. Add the other half packet of pineapple jelly crystals and a bit more hot water. Microwave for another minute. Pour into cups. Refigerate. Serve with custard. [PAR] Engov is an over-the-counter tablet in Brazil, but not sold in the United States. It\u2019s got stuff like aluminum hydroxide, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid and pyrilamine maleate which are individually in American products like antacids, coffee, aspirin and antihistamines."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 101 Strings Orchestra - Pieces Of Dreams - YouTube The 101 Strings Orchestra - Pieces Of Dreams - YouTube [PAR] The 101 Strings Orchestra - Pieces Of Dreams [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 17, 2014 [PAR] Music Fast Facts : To win a gold disc, an album needs to sell 100,000 copies in Britain, and 500,000 in the United States. \u25bc\u25bc\u25bc [PAR] THE 101 STRINGS [PAR] 101 Strings Orchestra was a brand for a highly successful easy listening symphonic music organization, with a discography exceeding a hundred albums and a creative lifetime of roughly thirty years. Their LPs were individualized by the slogan \"The Sound of Magnificence\", a cloud logo and sepia-toned photo of the orchestra. The 101 Strings orchestra was composed of 124 string instruments (all male except for the harpist) and was conducted by Wilhelm Stephan. [PAR] Core staff arrangers were Monty Kelly, Joseph Francis Kuhn and Robert Lowden. All three proved adept at penning original compositions that were stylistically consistent both with contemporary hit songs and each other Kelly's earliest successes were Latin and Spanish travelogues (such as the Soul of Spain series) although, following the British Invasion, he became 101 Strings' 'Now Sound' specialist. Kuhn concentrated on radio-friendly numbers in the 'Pops' orchestral manner (\"Blues Pizzicato,\" etc.) which provided Somerset its initial catalog of originals. Lowden penned lounge ballads (such as \"Blue Twilight\"). Their body of early 1960s work would be recycled via rerelease throughout the next twenty years. [PAR] Although many 101 Strings albums are simply orchestrated versions of pop hits and show tunes, the early material contains many examples of the exotica and lounge genres. Songs of the Seasons in Japan, Hawaiian Paradise and East of Suez are three such albums. 101 Strings Play the Blues and Back Beat Symphony comprise early experiments in symphonic-pop hybridization, while Fly Me To The Moon contains five noir-ish originals. [PAR] In the 30 years of their existence, 101 Strings sold over 50,000,000 records worldwide. [PAR] DID YOU KNOW ? [PAR] Pieces of Dreams was written by famous French composer and orchestrator Michel Legrand for the film with the same name. [PAR] The film was directed by Dan Haller and was released in 1970. [PAR] Legrand received two Academy Award Nominations: one for the soundtrack in general, the other for \"Pieces of dreams\" specifically (Best Original song). [PAR] MHO [PAR] The 101 Strings at their best with a beautiful rendition of Michel Legrand's outstanding composition \"Pieces of Dreams\". [PAR] Romantic, enchanting and a melody that will linger on in your mind, long after you stopped listening...... Enjoy. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Music fast facts - Did you know? Music fast facts [PAR] Home \u00bb fastfacts \u00bb Music fast facts [PAR] Music fast facts [PAR] To win a gold disc, an album needs to sell 100,000 copies in Britain, and 500,000 in the United States. [PAR] Melba toast is named after Australian opera singer Dame Nellie Melba (1861-1931). [PAR] Music was sent down a telephone line for the first time in 1876, the year the phone was invented. [PAR] The CD was developed by Philips and Sony in 1980. [PAR] 40 billion songs are downloaded illegally every year, that\u2019s some 90% of all music downloads. [PAR] The music industry generates about $4 billion in online music"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Composed and Wrote Madame Butterfly - Want to Know it Who Composed and Wrote Madame Butterfly [PAR] Who Composed and Wrote Madame Butterfly [PAR] 12 Oct, 2012 who composed [PAR] 0 [PAR] Madame Butterfly is a famous opera that tells the tale of Pinkerton (a U.S. Naval officer) and his wife Cio-Cio-San (Madame Butterfly). Pinkerton marries for convenience and soon leaves Cio-Cio-San to marry an American girl, but later discovers he has a son with Cio-Cio-San. He returns to Japan with his new wife, but admits to being a coward and refuses to face his former wife. Cio-Cio-San realizes what has happened and agrees to give the child to Pinkerton and his new wife if he will agree to see her. She prepares her son to leave with his father and commits suicide. Madame Butterfly is one of the most widely acclaimed operas of all time and is ranked 8th in most performed operas in the world. Many adaptations have been made since it was released, including four films. Let\u2019s find out who composed and wrote this opera. [PAR] Composer [PAR] Madame Butterfly was composed by the famous Italian composer Giacomo Puccini. The first version of the opera was performed in 1904, but it had a poor premiere. Puccini decided to re-write the opera and split one of the acts to make it a three act opera. The second premiere later that year was much more successful. However, Puccini re-wrote the opera a further three times. The fifth version, also known as the \u201cstandard version\u201d is most commonly performed today. [PAR] Writers [PAR] The Italian libretto (the story or text used in opera to tie the music together) was written by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. The libretto is based on the short story \u201cMadame Butterfly\u201d which was written in 1898 by John Luther Long and later (1900) turned into a play by David Belasco with the help of John Luther Long. It was the play that brought the story to the attention of Puccini. [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Anthem - United States Of America Anthem Text ... National Anthem - The Star-Spangled Banner (USA Anthem) Lyrics | MetroLyrics [PAR] On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep, [PAR] Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, [PAR] What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, [PAR] As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? [PAR] Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, [PAR] In fully glory reflected now shines in the stream: [PAR] 'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh, long may it wave [PAR] O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! [PAR] And where is that band who so vuntingly swore [PAR] That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion [PAR] A home and a country should leave us no more? [PAR] Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution! [PAR] No refuge could save the hireling and slave [PAR] From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave: [PAR] And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave [PAR] O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. [PAR] Oh, thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand [PAR] Between their loved home and the war's desolation! [PAR] Bless with victory and peace, may the heav'rescued land [PAR] Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation! [PAR] Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, [PAR] And this be our motto: \"In God is our trust\": [PAR] And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave [PAR] O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. [PAR] Song Discussions is protected by U.S. Patent 9401941. Other patents pending.[DOC] [TLE] United States of America's National Anthem - YouTube United States of America's National Anthem - YouTube [PAR] United States of America's National Anthem [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 30, 2012 [PAR] ..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Piano Keyboard Diagram \u2013 Piano Keyboard Layout Piano keyboard diagram - piano keyboard layout [PAR] Twitter0 [PAR] A piano keyboard diagram is shown and explained below. This section will help you better understand the layout of a piano keyboard. [PAR] Let\u2019s first of all take a look at an unlabeled piano keyboard layout, i.e. without the note names. The one shown in the first piano keyboard layout has two octaves, a total of 24 notes. In an 88 key piano, there are 36 black keys and 52 white keys. 76 key keyboards come with 31 black keys and 45 white keys, 61 key keyboards come with 25 black keys and 36 white keys, while 49 key keyboards have 20 black keys and 29 white ones. [PAR] Highly Recommended: Click here for the BEST piano/keyboard course I\u2019ve come across online. [PAR] Someone new to the piano may feel overwhelmed when they first take a look at its keys. \u201cHow do I remember so many notes?\u201d But as we shall see later it is very simple to understand. Hint: repetition. [PAR] Here\u2019s a simple piano keyboard diagram (below this paragraph). The white keys are all labeled. If you look closely, you will realize that the same note names are being repeated over and over. These notes are A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Whether it\u2019s a 49, 61, 76 or 88 key keyboard, this is the note pattern of a piano. [PAR] In the piano keyboard layout immediately below this paragraph, I have ventured to add a more complete piano keyboard diagram. As you will see, both the black and white keys have been named. As for the black keys, they each have two note names. There\u2019s D-Flat (or C-Sharp), E-Flat (or D-Sharp), G-Flat (or F-Sharp), A-Flat (or G-Sharp) and B-Flat (or A-Sharp). [PAR] Watch this lesson: [PAR] To help you better understand sharps (\u266f) and flats (\u266d), let\u2019s find out what a semitone is. A semitone is also called a half step or half tone and is the smallest interval used in Western music. It is the distance between two notes which are next to one another in pitch. So the distance between C and C-Sharp is one semitone, the distance between D and D-Sharp is one semitone and the same can be said for the distance between A and A-flat. [PAR] What is the note that is one semitone higher than C? The answer is C-Sharp. What is the note that is one semitone higher than D? The answer is D-Sharp. Let\u2019s go the other way around. What is the note that is one semitone lower than D? The answer is D-Flat. One semitone lower than E? It\u2019s E-Flat. [PAR] A whole tone means a distance of two semitones, i.e. the distance between two notes which are separated by one other note in pitch. For instance, C and D, D and E, and F and G are each one whole tone apart. [PAR] Recommended for you: Go here to learn about my newly released beginner\u2019s piano course. [PAR] A piano comes with a 12 note pattern. This can be seen in the piano keyboard diagram above. While there are many notes on a piano, it\u2019s really 12 notes being repeated over and over. On an acoustic piano it is repeated over 7 times. We see in our piano keyboard layout above that the 12 notes are C, C-Sharp (D-Flat), D, D-sharp (E-Flat), E, F, F-Sharp (G-Flat), G, G-Sharp (A-Flat), A, A-Sharp (B-Flat), and B. Take a look at the piano keyboard chart below. It consists of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bridges Of Madison County, The (1995) - The Movie Soundtrack Bridges Of Madison County, The- Soundtrack details - SoundtrackCollector.com [PAR] Bridges Of Madison County, The [PAR] Bridges Of Madison County, The (1995) [PAR] Composer(s): [PAR] Total number of members who have this title in their: [PAR] Collection: 131 [PAR] There is 1 compilation album for this title. [PAR] Things you can do: [PAR] Members who have this label in their: [PAR] Collection: 11 [PAR] Members who have this label in their: [PAR] Collection: 72 [PAR] Doe Eyes (Love Theme From THE BRIDGES OF MADISON COUNTY) (01:05) [PAR] Composed by Clint Eastwood/Conducted by Lennie Niehaus [PAR] 2. [PAR] I'll Close My Eyes (02:50) [PAR] Dinah Washington [PAR] I See Your Face Before Me (05:03) [PAR] Johnny Hartman [PAR] Dinah Washington, With Hal Mooney and His Orchestra [PAR] 7. [PAR] It's a Wonderful World (02:32) [PAR] Irene Kral, With the Junior Mance Trio [PAR] 9. [PAR] It Was Almost Like a Song (02:49) [PAR] Johnny Hartman [PAR] Irene Kral, With the Junior Mance Trio [PAR] 11. [PAR] For All We Know (05:30) [PAR] Johnny Hartman [PAR] Doe Eyes (Love Theme From THE BRIDGES OF MADISON COUNTY) [Reprise] (05:00) [PAR] Composed by Clint Eastwood/Conducted by Lennie Niehaus [PAR] Total Duration: 00:45:27 [PAR] Track listing contributed by Travis Brashear [PAR] Malpaso/Warner Bros. PRO-CD-8032 [PAR] Members who have this label in their: [PAR] Collection: 1 [PAR] Members who have this label in their: [PAR] Collection: 46 [PAR] THE GOOD, THE BAD & THE UGLY (02:40) [PAR] 3. [PAR] THE OUTLAW JOSEY WALES (03:35) [PAR] 4. [PAR] PLAY MISTY FOR ME (02:47) [PAR] \"Misty\" [PAR] \"Why should I care\" (inst.) [PAR] 12. [PAR] THE BRIDGES OF MADISON COUNTY (03:58) [PAR] \"Doe eyes\" (love theme) [PAR] CLINT EASTWOOD, AN AMERICAN FILMMAKER SUITE (45:14) [PAR] Total Duration: 01:19:02 [PAR] Track listing contributed by William Wass [PAR] If you know of another release, why don't you tell us about it , so we can add it to our database.[DOC] [TLE] (HD 1080p) Love Theme (Doe Eyes), The Bridges of Madison ... (HD 1080p) Love Theme (Doe Eyes), The Bridges of Madison County - YouTube [PAR] (HD 1080p) Love Theme (Doe Eyes), The Bridges of Madison County [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 21, 2012 [PAR] The Bridges of Madison County is a 1995 American romantic drama film based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Robert James Waller. The film was produced and directed by Clint Eastwood with Kathleen Kennedy as co-producer. The film stars Eastwood and Meryl Streep; Streep received an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination in 1996 for her performance in the film. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franz Schubert (1797-1828): Die Forelle (The Trout) , D550 ... Franz Schubert (1797-1828): Die Forelle (The Trout) , D550 \u2013 Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Gerald Moore | Saturday Chorale [PAR] Franz Schubert (1797-1828): Die Forelle (The Trout) , D550 \u2013 Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Gerald Moore [PAR] markfromireland / February 12, 2013 [PAR] Of all of Schubert\u2019s lieder Die Forelle (The Trout) is undoubtedly the most famous and the most popular and it\u2019s easy to see why it\u2019s a charming piece that combines the memorability of a folk song with a freshness and a sense of innocence that are well-nigh irresistible. Its melody with its rippling arpeggio evokes the image of the fish swimming joyfully and without care through the water while the little rush of notes at \u2018In einem B\u00e4chlein helle\u2019 and its figure of three linked semitones brings to life the fish and its sudden darting movement. (All of this incidentally is fiendishly difficult to play). [PAR] Like everyone else I love the sheer vivacity of the combination of this motif and that marvelously cheerful tune which depicts the trout and its joy in being alive. Schubert being Schubert it\u2019s a question of \u2018enjoy it whilst you may\u2019 and he captures the darker later lines of Christian F.D. Schubart\u2019s text brilliantly who but Schubert would so brilliantly use the darker middle registers to depict the angler making the streams waters fatally muddy at \u2018Er macht Das B\u00e4chlein t\u00fcckisch tr\u00fcbe\u2019 (Cunningly he made the brook cloudy) and who but Schubert would portray the trout\u2019s final convulsions by a chain of no less than sixteen ordinary semiquavers. Caught on the hook the poor creature\u2019s struggles are far from its graceful rippling movements when it swam free. [PAR] Schubert composed no less than five versions of this song to say nothing of basing his Trout Quintet, D667 on it and goodness only knows how many recordings there are of it. But of all the recordings of it that I have the one that I keep on coming back to time and time again is the recording, now past its fortieth year, of Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau\u2019s performance of the song accompanied by Gerald Moore. You\u2019ll find it, the German lyrics and an English translation below. Enjoy :-). [PAR] makfromireland [PAR] Lyrics: Die Forelle (The Trout) [PAR] [showhide type=\u201dshowtext\u201d more_text=\u201d Click to show/hide lyrics \u201d less_text=\u201d Click to show/hide lyrics \u201d hidden=\u201dyes\u201d] [PAR] Deutsch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles - Biography - IMDb The Beatles - Biography - IMDb [PAR] The Beatles [PAR] Jump to: Overview (1) | Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (40) [PAR] Overview (1) [PAR] The Fab Four [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The Beatles were an English rock band that became arguably the most successful act of the 20th century. They contributed to music, film, literature, art, and fashion, made a continuous impact on popular culture and the lifestyle of several generations. Their songs and images carrying powerful ideas of love, peace, help, and imagination evoked creativity and liberation that outperformed the rusty Soviet propaganda and contributed to breaking walls in the minds of millions, thus making impact on human history. [PAR] In July of 1957, in Liverpool, 'Paul McCartney (I)' met John Lennon . Both were teenagers. Paul impressed John with his mastery of acoustic guitar, and was invited to join Lennon's group, The Quarrymen. George Harrison joined them in February of 1958. In 1959 they played regular gigs at a club called The Casbah. They were joined by vocalist Stuart Sutcliffe, and by drummer Peter Best, whose mother owned The Casbah club. Early incarnations of the band included The Quarrymen, Johnny & the Moon Dogs, and The Silver Beetles. John Lennon dreamed up the band's final name, The Beatles, a mix of beat with beetle. In 1960 The Beatles toured in Hamburg, Germany. There they were joined by Ringo Starr , who previously played with Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. In Hamburg, The Beatles made their first studio work as a backing band for singer Tony Sheridan's recordings for the German Polydor label, however, in the credits the band's name was changed to The Beat Brothers. From February 1961 to August 1963, The Beatles played a regular gig at the Cavern. They were paid five pounds for their first show, rising to three hundred pounds per show in 1963. In two and a half years The Beatles gave 262 shows at the Cavern in Liverpool. [PAR] Brian Epstein was invited to be the manager of the Beatles in November 1961. His diplomatic way of dealing with the Beatles and with their previous manager resulted in a December 10, 1961, meeting, where it was decided that Epstein would manage the band. A 5-year management contract was signed by four members at then-drummer Pete Best's home on January 24, 1962. Epstein did not put his signature on it, giving the musicians the freedom of choice. At that time McCartney and Harrison were under 21, so the paper wasn't technically legal. None of them realized this and it did not matter to them. What mattered was their genuine trust in Epstein. He changed their early image for the good. Brian Epstein made them wear suits and ties, classic shoes, and newer haircuts. They were advised to update their manners on stage and quit eating and drinking in public. Brian Epstein worked hard on both the Beatles' image and public relations. He improved their image enough to make them accepted by the conservative media. Most if not all of their communication off-stage was managed by Brian Epstein. [PAR] On January 1, 1962, The Beatles came to London and recorded fifteen songs at the Decca Records. They were not hired, but the material helped them later. During the year 1962, they made several trips to London and auditioned for various labels. In May of 1962 Epstein canceled the group's contract with Tony Sheridan and the German label. Brian Epstein was persistent in trying to sign a record deal for the Beatles, even after being"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Female Vocal Range - Various Singing Voice Types for Women ... Female Vocal Range - Various Singing Voice Types for Women | Your Personal Singing Guide [PAR] Female Vocal Range and [PAR] Voice Types! [PAR] There are many vocal ranges and voice types for females, and this section will discuss about the 3 main types of female voices, their respective note ranges, as well as how their tessituras or most comfortable voice ranges differ from each other. [PAR] One point to note: There is a difference between the 2 terms \u2013 Vocal Range and Voice Type; The Range of our Voice refers to the range of notes that the voice can reach or produce a sound at, whereas Voice Type refers to the various kinds of voices classified using certain criteria like range of vocals, tessituras, register transition points, vocal timbre or tone and so on. [PAR] Click on the links provided above to learn how to find the full range of your voice, as well as understand more about the various voice classification criteria and learn how to determine your own voice type! [PAR] Now, the 3 main types of female voices are as follows: [PAR] 1. Soprano [PAR] Let us look at each of these voices in more detail: [PAR] 1. SOPRANO [PAR] As many of us would know, the Soprano voice is the highest of the female voices, and many of us would be familiar with this voice type. I am sure many ladies out there would be envious of their Soprano friends who seem to be able to hit the high notes with such ease! [PAR] A typical Soprano vocal range would probably be from the A note below middle C (A3) to the F or G note 2 octaves above (F6 or G6), making it a range of 2 plus to 3 octaves. Of course, this is not to be taken as an exact measurement but more as a rough guideline for soprano voices, and proper breath support must be used when measuring vocal ranges during singing. [PAR] The Soprano Tessitura is also usually higher than the other female voice types, considering that the overall vocal range is the highest among the female voices. [PAR] A Soprano would also probably transition out of her chest voice around the E flat note above middle C (E4) and shift into her head voice around the F sharp note one octave above the middle C (F5). [PAR] The soprano voice usually has a bright tone, and she would usually have a strong head voice, but a relatively weaker middle voice. Sopranos are also able to sing more high notes and sustain at a high pitch better than a mezzo soprano can, and they are also most often the lead role for operas or shows. [PAR] 2. MEZZO SOPRANO [PAR] For most ladies out there, you would probably belong to this voice type as the Mezzo Soprano voice is the most common female voice type out of the 3 main types, and it lies between the higher Soprano voice and the lower Contralto voice. [PAR] The vocal range for the Mezzo Soprano voice would be likely between the G note below middle C (G3) to the C note more than 2 octaves above (C6), making it also a range of around slightly more than 2 octaves. The Mezzo Soprano Tessitura or most comfortable vocal range lies somewhere between the Soprano Tessitura and the Contralto Tessitura. [PAR] The Mezzo would probably transition out of chest voice around the E note just above middle C (E4) and shift into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'This Is It' with Betty Grable (1944) - YouTube 'This Is It' with Betty Grable (1944) - YouTube [PAR] 'This Is It' with Betty Grable (1944) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 13, 2014 [PAR] From the 1944 20th Century Fox film 'Pin Up Girl' [PAR] Pin Up Girl is a 1944 20th Century Fox Technicolor musical romantic comedy motion picture starring Betty Grable, John Harvey, Martha Raye, and Joe E. Brown. [PAR] Directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and produced by William LeBaron, the screenplay was adapted by Robert Ellis, Helen Logan and Earl Baldwin based on a short story titled Imagine Us! (1942) by Libbie Block. [PAR] Pin Up Girl capitalized on Grable's iconic pin-up status during World War II, even using her famous swimsuit photo in portions of the movie. [PAR] Cast: [PAR] Betty Grable as Lorry Jones/Laura Lorraine [PAR] John Harvey as Tommy Dooley [PAR] Martha Raye as Molly McKay [PAR] Joe E. Brown as Eddie Hall [PAR] Eugene Pallette as Barney Briggs [PAR] Dorothea Kent as Kay Pritchett [PAR] Dave Willock as Dud Miller [PAR] Charlie Spivak as Himself (bandleader) [PAR] Roger Clark as Marine Sgt. George Davis (uncredited) [PAR] Nat 'King' Cole as Canteen Pianist [PAR] Hermes Pan as Apache Dancer [PAR] Adele Jergens as Canteen Worker [PAR] Bess Flowers as Arriving Club Diplomacy Patron [PAR] June Hutton as June Hutton - Singer with Spivak Band [PAR] Reed Hadley as Radio Announcer (voice) [PAR] Lillian Porter as Cigarette Girl [PAR] --- [PAR] Intro & Outro Song: \"I'll Be Seeing You\" by Billie Holiday circa 1944 [PAR] Don't forget to visit Vintage Glamour on Facebook [PAR] Make sure to view my videos in HD for a better viewing pleasure! [PAR] --- [PAR] Clip from 'Pin Up Girl' is \u00a920th Century Fox [PAR] Original Artwork & Designs \u00a9MMDP [PAR] THIS VIDEO IS STRICTLY FOR ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES ONLY. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IS INTENDED. I DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THE CLIP USED. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Once (2007) - IMDb Once (2007) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A modern-day musical about a busker and an immigrant and their eventful week in Dublin, as they write, rehearse and record songs that tell their love story. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 05 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 11 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 17 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 18 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 25 Feb 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Once \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 21 wins & 29 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] An (unnamed) Guy is a Dublin guitarist/singer-songwriter who makes a living by fixing vacuum cleaners in his Dad's Hoover repair shop by day, and singing and playing for money on the Dublin streets by night. An (unnamed) Girl is a Czech who plays piano when she gets a chance, and does odd jobs by day and takes care of her mom and her daughter by night. Guy meets Girl, and they get to know each other as the Girl helps the Guy to put together a demo disc that he can take to London in hope of landing a music contract. During the same several day period, the Guy and the Girl work through their past loves, and reveal their budding love for one another, through their songs. Written by Charles Delacroix"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is James Murk - (715) 967-4091 - New Auburn - WI ... Who is James Murk - (715) 967-4091 - New Auburn - WI - waatp.com [PAR] Danny Tenaglia - back to basic - (Always) A Permanent State - David James [PAR] James Burke : Connections, Episode 9, \"Countdown\", 3 of 5 (CC) [PAR] Joe James Closet Studio Freestyle [PAR] MURK CAMP FEAT. TRICK DADDY- GETTIN IT OFF [PAR] Cyberdunk Video ft. Lebron James [PAR] TRICK DADDY FEAT. MURK CAMP - COUNT MY MONEY [PAR] dubLoner - Clear Murk (Droog Best Intentions remix) video edit (ADIG17) [PAR] Reele - Greatest(Behind The Scenes Video Shoot) [PAR] [PAR] JUDGEDABOSS,J-MURK & REAL DAVID JAMES-WHAT I'M ON.wmv [PAR] Phaseone - Murk Unit [PAR] MURK CAMP FEAT. TRICK DADDY- GETTIN IT OFF [PAR] TRICK DADDY FEAT. MURK CAMP - COUNT MY MONEY [PAR] Derrick Rose Vs Lebron James - 2011 Dunk Contest HQ [PAR] Reele - Greatest(Behind The Scenes Video Shoot) [PAR] J-Murk - P.O.S. (Jerkin Song) [PAR] SRE - THIS IS SRE (DROP THE FUNK) GS REMIX (HD) [PAR] [PAR] China and Japan's troubled waters [PAR] (CNN) -- The husk of a dead volcano protruding from the East China Sea has become the battleground between the two mightiest economies in Asia. At stake are potentially lucrative gas drilling rights in waters claimed by China and Japan. But the outcome of the territorial dispute may hinge on the medicinal herbs of a Chinese empress, the collection of bird excrement by the Japanese and the definition of what really makes an \"island.\" The latest controversy over the simmering dispute erupted when Japanese patrol officers arrested the captain and crew of a Chinese fishing boat earlier this month near the disputed islands -- known as Diaoyu in China and Senkaku in Japan. The crew was released, but the Chinese captain remains in custody. He is to appear in a Japanese court on charges that he rammed two Japanese boats with his vessel . Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Tuesday urged Japan to release the boat captain \"immediately and unconditionally,\" China's state news agency Xinhua reported. The economic repercussions have been immediate. The Chinese government cut off high-level talks with Japan on coal and increased commercial flights between the countries. The dispute also threatens planned talks on a 2008 agreement to jointly develop gas fields located near the disputed islands and in other parts of the East China Sea. Run-ins between China and Japan over the sovereignty of the islands are nothing new. Japanese nationalists held demonstrations on the island back in 1990. But what is most worrisome to long-time watchers of the dispute is the assertiveness of both governments in the current fracas. \"A big difference this time: These incidents aren't being sparked by nationalists,\" said James Manicom, an expert on maritime disputes at the Balsillie School of International Affairs in Waterloo, Canada. \"In the past, the most important thing (for Beijing and Tokyo) was to try to make this issue go away and to keep a lid on nationalist sentiment. Japan in particular now sees (territorial sovereignty) as a vital issue economically and as a national security issue.\" \"It's different in terms of the context of China rising and Japan in bit of a travail both economically and politically,\" said Mark Valencia, a fellow at the National Asia Research Program. What makes an island? The dispute boils down to where lines can be drawn in the ocean for commercial use. International law allows for a nation to claim exclusive economic rights to fish, oil and mineral reserves up to 200 nautical miles from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The King of Limbs - Radiohead Knowledge Base - Wikia The King of Limbs | Radiohead Knowledge Base | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The King of Limbs [PAR] TKOL RMX 1234567 [PAR] (2004) [PAR] The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead , produced by Nigel Godrich . It was self-released on 18 February 2011 as a download in MP3 and WAV formats, followed by physical CD and 12\" vinyl releases on 28 March and a special \"newspaper\" edition on 9 May 2011. The physical editions were released through the band's Ticker Tape imprint on XL in the United Kingdom, TBD in the United States, and Hostess Entertainment in Japan. [PAR] Following the protracted recording and more conventional rock instrumentation of In Rainbows (2007), Radiohead developed The King of Limbs by sampling and looping their recordings. Singer Thom Yorke described the album as an expression of \"wildness\" and \"mutation\". Radiohead released no singles from the album, but released a music video for \" Lotus Flower \" that spawned an internet meme. [PAR] The King of Limbs was named one of the best albums of 2011 by publications including the Wire, the NME, and PopMatters, and was nominated for five categories in the 54th Grammy Awards, including Best Alternative Music Album. It sold an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 download copies in the first two months of release and became a bestseller on vinyl. The album was followed in the same year by a remix album, TKOL RMX 1234567 , and a live video, The King of Limbs: Live from the Basement . [PAR] Release[DOC] [TLE] The King of Limbs - Radiohead \u2014 Listen and discover music ... The King of Limbs - Radiohead \u2014 Listen and discover music at Last.fm [PAR] The King of Limbs [PAR] rock [PAR] The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, produced by Nigel Godrich. It was released on 18 February 2011 as a download in MP3 and WAV formats. It was followed by a physical CD release on 28 March 2011. A special \"newspaper\" edition was released on 9 May. The \"newspaper\" edition will contain two 10-inch vinyl records in a special record sleeve, many large sheets of artwork, 625 tiny pieces of artwork, a\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Tracklist"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Film History Before 1920 - Filmsite.org Film History Before 1920 [PAR] 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s [PAR] Innovations Necessary for the Advent of Cinema: [PAR] Optical toys, shadow shows, 'magic lanterns,' and visual tricks have existed for thousands of years. Many inventors, scientists, and manufacturers have observed the visual phenomenon that a series of individual still pictures set into motion created the illusion of movement - a concept termed persistence of vision. This illusion of motion was first described by British physician Peter Mark Roget in 1824, and was a first step in the development of the cinema. [PAR] A number of technologies, simple optical toys and mechanical inventions related to motion and vision were developed in the early to late 19th century that were precursors to the birth of the motion picture industry: [PAR] [A very early version of a \"magic lantern\" was suggested in the mid-17th century by German Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher in Rome. However, the official inventor of a usable device was prominent Dutch astronomer/scientist Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s. Like a modern slide projector (which has since gone out of date!), its main feature was a lens that projected images from transparencies onto a screen, with a simple light source (such as a candle).] [PAR] 1824 - the invention of the Thaumatrope (the earliest version of an optical illusion toy that exploited the concept of \"persistence of vision\" first presented by Peter Mark Roget in a scholarly article) by an English doctor named Dr. John Ayrton Paris [PAR] ca. 1826 or 1827 - the oldest recorded (and surviving) permanent photograph made in a camera was taken by French inventor Joseph Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce. He used a camera obscura device which captured and projected a scene illuminated by sunlight. The photo image was \"shot\" at his estate named Le Gras from his studio's upstairs window in the Burgundy region of France in the early 1820s. It was a very rudimentary photograph (using principles of lithography) - the image is now known as View from the Window at Le Gras. His invention was called heliography, or \"light writing.\" [PAR] 1831 - the discovery of the law of electromagnetic induction by English scientist Michael Faraday, a principle used in generating electricity and powering motors and other machines (including film equipment) [PAR] 1832 - the invention of the Fantascope (also called Phenakistiscope or \"spindle viewer\") by Belgian inventor Joseph Plateau, a device that simulated motion. A series or sequence of separate pictures depicting stages of an activity, such as juggling or dancing, were arranged around the perimeter or edges of a slotted disk. When the disk was placed before a mirror and spun or rotated, a [PAR] spectator looking through the slots 'perceived' a moving picture. [PAR] 1834 - the invention and patenting of another stroboscopic device adaptation, the Daedalum (renamed the Zoetrope in 1867 by American William Lincoln) by British inventor William George Horner. It was a hollow, rotating drum/cylinder with a crank, with a strip of sequential photographs, drawings, paintings or illustrations on the interior surface and regularly spaced narrow slits through which a spectator observed the 'moving' drawings. [PAR] 1839 - the birth of still photography with the development of the first commercially-viable daguerreotype (a method of capturing still images on silvered, copper-metal plates) by French painter and inventor Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre, following on the work of Joseph Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce. [PAR] 1841 - the patenting of calotype (or Talbotype, a process for printing negative photographs on high-quality paper) by British inventor William Henry Fox Talbot [PAR] 1861 - the invention of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jewfaq: Judaism 101 - Torah Judaism 101: Torah [PAR] Judaism 101 [PAR] \u0095 Torah in the narrowest sense refers to the first five books of the Bible [PAR] \u0095 In a broader sense, Torah includes all Jewish law and tradition [PAR] \u0095 Torah was given to Moses in written form with oral commentary [PAR] \u0095 The oral component is now written in the Talmud [PAR] \u0095 There are additional important writings [PAR] The word \"Torah\" is a tricky one, because it can mean different things in different contexts. In its most limited sense, \"Torah\" refers to the Five Books of Moses : Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. But the word \"torah\" can also be used to refer to the entire Jewish bible (the body of scripture known to non-Jews as the Old Testament and to Jews as the Tanakh or Written Torah), or in its broadest sense, to the whole body of Jewish law and teachings. [PAR] Written Torah [PAR] To Jews, there is no \"Old Testament.\" The books that Christians call the New Testament are not part of Jewish scripture. The so-called Old Testament is known to us as Written Torah or the Tanakh. [PAR] This is a list of the books of Written Torah, in the order in which they appear in Jewish translations, with the Hebrew name of the book, a translation of the Hebrew name (where it is not the same as the English name), and English names of the books (where it is not the same as the Hebrew name). The Hebrew names of the first five books are derived from the first few words of the book. The text of each book is more or less the same in Jewish translations as what you see in Christian bibles, although there are some occasional, slight differences in the numbering of verses and there are some significant differences in the translations. [PAR] TORAH (The Law): [PAR] Ezra & Nechemyah (Nehemiah) (treated as one book) [PAR] Divrei Ha-Yamim (The words of the days) (Chronicles) [PAR] Written Torah is often referred to as the Tanakh, which is an acrostic of Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim. [PAR] Torah Scrolls [PAR] The scriptures that we use in services are written on parchment scrolls. They are always hand-written, in attractive Hebrew calligraphy with \"crowns\" (crows-foot-like marks coming up from the upper points) on many of the letters . This style of writing is known as STA\"M (an abbreviation for \"Sifrei Torah, Tefillin and Mezuzot ,\" which is where you will see that style of writing). For more information about the STA\"M alphabet, including illustrations and relevant rules, see Hebrew Alphabet used in writing STA\"M . [PAR] You are not supposed to touch the parchment on these scrolls; some say because they are too holy; some say because the parchment, made from animal skins, is a source of ritual defilement; others say because your fingers' sweat has acids that will damage the parchment over time. Instead, you follow the text with a pointer, called a Yad. \"Yad\" means \"hand\" in Hebrew, and the pointer usually is in the shape of a hand with a pointing index finger (I always find this incredibly amusing). The scrolls are kept covered with fabric, and often ornamented with silver crowns on the handles of the scrolls and a silver breastplate on the front. [PAR] The scrolls are kept in a cabinet in the synagogue called an \"ark,\" as in Ark of the Covenant, not as in Noah's Ark. The words are different and unrelated in Hebrew. Noah's ark (and also the ark that Moses"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saline Crops, From Halophyte Research to Sea Vegetable Markets Saline Crops, From Halophyte Research to Sea Vegetable Markets | Vegetables | Sea [PAR] Saline Crops, From Halophyte Research to Sea Vegetable Markets [PAR] review article submitted at the COST meeting on \u2018Sustainable cultivation and exploitation of halophyte crops in a salinizing world\u2019 held at the Vrije University in Amsterdam on the 18th and 19th April 2012 [PAR] Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) [PAR] Saline crops,from halophyte research to sea vegetable markets [PAR] Joost Bogemans*, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Erdei [PAR] Intellicrops bvba, Abdijstraat 14, 9400 Ninove, Belgium [PAR] b [PAR] Department o\ue005 Plant Biology, University o\ue005 Szeged, K\u00f6z\u00e9p \ue005asor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary *Corresponding author.\ue004el.: +32 54329093; \ue005ax: +32 54331175.E-mail addresses: joost.bogemans@scrops.com (J.Bogemans), erdei@bio.u-szeged.hu (L.Erdei)published by Intellicrops bvba , Ninove 2012 \u00a9 [PAR] AbstractA spin-o\ue003 company was established in 1999 \ue005rom EU research on the cultivation, selection and do-mestication o\ue005 a selection o\ue005 halophytes. Te mission o\ue005 the company has always been \ue005ocused onplant breeding, selection and seed production. Salicornia europaea and Aster tripolium were, \ue005romthe beginning, the key products o\ue005 the company. \ue004oday the range o\ue005 sea vegetable species has beenextended with Salicornia bigelovii, Salsola komarovii, Salsola soda, Crithmum maritimum, Plantagocoronopus, Beta maritima, Crambe maritima and Mertensia maritima. Among them, di\ue003erent racesare under development with respect to marketable characteristics (e.g. shape, yield, pest resistance\u2026)At an early stage, the company established cultivation systems and had the reclamation o\ue005 saline soilsas a primary task. Later, new cultivation systems were deployed to \ue002t horticultural needs (e.g. impro- ving non-seasonality, greenhouse cultivation, mechanization); today we give new growers advice in es-tablishing the new crops. Grower-adapted cultivation systems are setup \ue005rom hydroponics over salinesoil reclamation and highlighting \ue005acets like salinity and irrigation control, mineral nutrition undersalt regimes and advice on the particular saline crop.Simultaneously with the introduction o\ue005 new halophyte crops and appropriate cultivation systems, amarketing development was built up to highlight interesting \ue005eatures o\ue005 sea vegetable crops such astaste, \ue005unctional components, ease o\ue005 use. to new consumers. Tis review \ue005ocuses on the establishmento\ue005 a sea vegetable market under advanced agro-\ue005ood markets . Introducing new halophyte crops toless developed agro \ue005ood markets need di\ue003erent approaches but is not made easier . In terms o\ue005 develo-ping new applications \ue005rom saline crops (\ue005orage, cosmetics, environmental issues, bio\ue005uel) a marketingstrategy should be \ue005ocused on the derived products, bearing in mind that the consumer compares anddecides. [PAR] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Saline Crops, from halophyte research to sea vegetable markets [PAR] 1.From research to spin-o\ue003.From 1993 until 1996 an EU research project running under the name \u2018Saline crops. A contribution to the diver-si\ue002cation o\ue005 the production o\ue005 vegetable crops by research on the cultivation methods and selection o\ue005 halophytes.(AIR3-C\ue00492-0198)\u2019,whose overall objective was to domesticate a number o\ue005 plant species, naturally growing insaline or brackish soils that are locally gathered \ue005or consumption as a vegetable in the EU (Huiskes, Lemeur et al.1997). Species o\ue005 Salicornia, Aster tripolium., Beta maritima. and Crambe maritima were envisaged. Tree o\ue005 thespecies are harvested \ue005rom wild populations along European coastal areas, but in the case o\ue005 Crambe maritima (Seakale) the cultivation disappeared in the 20th century. Te aim o\ue005 the project was to develop commercial agriculturalproducts that could be cultivated as horticultural crop. As research topics the \ue005ocus was on new cultivation me-thods, breeding and the reclamation o\ue005 saline soils.Research institutes \ue005rom the Netherlands (NIOO) , Belgium (UGent and VUB Brussels) and Portugal (IBE\ue004, EAN)were involved with Te Foundation \ue005or Marine Cultures Oosterchelde (SMCO, the Netherlands) coordinating theproject. Experimental \ue002eld plots were established in Burg-Haamstede (Netherlands), Aveiro and Leziria (Portugal)and .in a later stage the project was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Grisham biography | birthday, trivia | American ... John Grisham biography | birthday, trivia | American Writer | Who2 [PAR] John Grisham Biography [PAR] Writer [PAR] [PAR] John Grisham is the author of several best-selling novels of the \u201clegal thriller\u201d genre, including The Firm (1991), The Pelican Brief (1992) and The Client (1993). Grisham graduated from law school and set up a legal practice in Mississippi in the early \u201980s. His first novel, A Time to Kill (1989) did moderately well, but his second, The Firm (1991) made him a household name, thanks in large part to the $600,000 he got for the movie rights. Several of his courtroom dramas have been made into movies, including the novels The Pelican Brief, The Chamber (1994) and The Rainmaker (1995). Although not the hot property he was in the \u201990s, Grisham\u2019s books continue to be quite popular, including The Brethren (2000) and The Summons (2002), and A Painted House (2001), one of his few books outside the thriller genre. [PAR] Extra credit [PAR] The movies from his books include: The Firm (1993, starring Tom Cruise ); The Pelican Brief (1993, with Julia Roberts and Denzel Washington ); The Client (1994, with Susan Sarandon ); The Chamber (1996, starring Gene Hackman ); A Time to Kill (1996, starring Sandra Bullock ); The Rainmaker (1997, starring Matt Damon ); and The Gingerbread Man (1998, from a story by Grisham).[DOC] [TLE] The Rainmaker - John Grisham - Google Books The Rainmaker - John Grisham - Google Books [PAR] The Rainmaker [PAR] 5 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Rainmaker.html?id=BjXRb954UBoC [PAR] John Grisham's five novels -- A Time To Kill, The Firm, The Pelican Brief, The Client, and The Chamber -- have been number one best-sellers, and have a combined total of 47 million copies in print. Now, inThe Rainmaker, Grisham returns to the courtroom for the first time since A Time To Kill, and weaves a riveting tale of legal intrigue and corporate greed. Combining suspense, narrative momentum, and humor as only John Grisham can, this is another spellbinding read from the most popular author of our time. [PAR] Grisham's sixth spellbinding novel of legal intrigue and corporate greed displays all of the intricate plotting, fast-paced action, humor, and suspense that have made him the most popular author of our time. In his first courtroom thriller since A Time To Kill, John Grisham tells the story of a young man barely out of law school who finds himself taking on one of the most powerful, corrupt, and ruthless companies in America -- and exposing a complex, multibillion-dollar insurance scam. In hs final semester of law school Rudy Baylor is required to provide free legal advice to a group of senior citizens, and it is there that he meets his first \"clients,\" Dot and Buddy Black. Their son, Donny Ray, is dying of leukemia, and their insurance company has flatly refused to pay for his medical treatments. While Rudy is at first skeptical, he soon realizes that the Blacks really have been shockingly mistreated by the huge company, and that he just may have stumbled upon one of the largest insurance frauds anyone's ever seen -- and one of the most lucrative and important cases in the history of civil litigation. The problem is, Rudy's flat broke, has no job, hasn't even passed the bar, and is about to go head-to-head with one of the best defense attorneys -- and powerful industries -- in America. [PAR] From the Hardcover edition."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Glossary of Common Viruses - Medical Coding Career Guide The Glossary of Common Viruses [PAR] A Step by Step Guide for Starting Your Career as a Medical Coder [PAR] The Glossary of Common Viruses [PAR] A [PAR] Astrovirus \u2013 Infection with this virus causes gastroenteritis in people, both children and adults. The infection is typically not severe but may sometimes lead to dehydration. [PAR] C [PAR] Chickenpox \u2013 This infection is caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is highly contagious, being spread through coughing, sneezing, or contact with secretions. The main noticeable symptom is a skin rash. [PAR] D [PAR] Dengue Virus \u2013 This virus is mosquito-borne and causes Dengue Fever. This illness occurs predominantly in the tropics and may be life-threatening. [PAR] E [PAR] Ebola \u2013 Infection with this virus can lead to hypovolemic shock due to coagulation problems caused by the virus. It is spread through body fluids, conjunctivae, and also orally. [PAR] F [PAR] Foot-and-mouth disease virus \u2013 This virus causes foot-and-mouth disease, a disease that spreads rapidly through certain animals but that is extremely rare in humans. Symptoms in humans can include fever, vomiting, malaise, and occasionally skin lesions. [PAR] H [PAR] Hepatitis A \u2013 The Hepatitis A virus causes the illness Hepatitis A. The virus is spread through feces-contaminated food and water. The illness itself is usually mild, with symptoms such as fever, nausea, abdominal discomfort, and malaise. [PAR] Hepatitis B \u2013 This virus causes the disease Hepatitis B. This disease infects the liver and can lead to liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer. The virus is transmitted through infected blood or body fluids with infected blood. [PAR] Hepatitis C \u2013 Hepatitis C infects the liver and is caused by the Hepatitis C virus. This virus is transmitted from person-to-person through contaminated blood. [PAR] Herpes \u2013 Herpes is a group of several viruses that infect humans. Diseases caused by the herpes viruses include cold sores, genital herpes, chickenpox, and shingles. Herpes viruses are spread between people by way of body fluids, through the air, and through contaminated objects and surfaces. [PAR] HIV \u2013 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. The virus attacks the immune system, which eventually allows other diseases to infect and proliferate in the body. HIV can be spread through blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluid. [PAR] HPV Human Papilomavirus \u2013 The HPV virus is spread through sexual contact. There are hundreds of different strains of HPV, some of which cause no ill health effects. Other strains of the virus can cause genital warts and cancers of the cervix and vulva. [PAR] I [PAR] Influenza \u2013 Influenza is commonly known as the flu and is caused by influenza viruses. These viruses can be found in both animals and humans. The flu viruses are spread through humans by way of respiratory secretions. [PAR] J [PAR] Japanese Encephalitis \u2013 This is a mosquito-borne virus that produces the disease Japanese encephalitis. It can cause severe symptoms in humans but is not transmitted between them. [PAR] M [PAR] Measles \u2013 The measles virus is the cause of the disease measles. The virus only infects humans and is spread through respiratory secretions. Complications may occur and can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death. [PAR] Mumps \u2013 The mumps virus causes the disease mumps in people. The disease is transmitted from person-to-person through respiratory secretions but is generally a self-limiting disease and is not fatal in most circumstances. [PAR] N [PAR] Naples Virus \u2013 This is a type of Phlebovirus that has been linked to disease in humans. The virus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Want To Be Alone... Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Want To Be Alone... [PAR] You will receive an email shortly to confirm your email address. [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Want To Be Alone... [PAR] title details and video sharing options [PAR] now playing [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Want To Be Alone... [PAR] The dancer Grusinskaya (Greta Garbo, uttering the line she would never escape) wants to be alone, not realizing that the thieving Baron (John Barrymore) is with her all along, in this famous scene from director Edmund Goulding's Grand Hotel, 1932. [PAR] View the TCMDb entry for Grand Hotel (1932) [PAR] share video [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Want To Be... [PAR] The dancer Grusinskaya (Greta Garbo, uttering what would... [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Want To Be Alone... [PAR] The dancer Grusinskaya (Greta Garbo, uttering the line she would never escape) wants to be alone, not realizing that the thieving Baron (John Barrymore) is with her all along, in this famous scene from director Edmund Goulding's Grand Hotel, 1932. > [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Have A Rather... [PAR] Textile magnate Preysing (Wallace Beery) is pleased that... [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I... [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Have A Rather Nice Figure [PAR] Textile magnate Preysing (Wallace Beery) is pleased that he's at last got sexy stenographer Flaemmchen (Joan Crawford) to himself but alarmed that his deal seems to be crashing, John Barrymore on the balcony advancing another plot, in MGM's all-star Grand Hotel, 1932.> [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Have A... [PAR] Epic take by director Edmund Goulding, at the front desk,... [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) I Have A Complaint [PAR] Epic take by director Edmund Goulding, at the front desk, mostly Kringelein (Lionel Barrymore) griping, meeting the Baron (brother John Barrymore), Dr. Otternschlag (Lewis Stone) and concierge (Charles Trowbridge), then Joan Crawford's entrance, in MGM's all-star Grand Hotel, 1932.> [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) Do I Look Like... [PAR] Transition through the famous lobby shot, then the chiseling... [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) Do I Look Like A Baron? [PAR] Transition through the famous lobby shot, then the chiseling Baron (John Barrymore) at work on the new stenographer Flaemmchen (Joan Crawford), interrupted by pensioner Kringelein (Lionel Barrymore), in MGM's Grand Hotel, 1932.> [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) All The Best... [PAR] Opening scene introducing many from the all-but... [PAR] Grand Hotel (1932) -- (Movie Clip) All The Best People [PAR] Opening scene introducing many from the all-but unprecedented line-up of MGM stars, Jean Hersholt, Lionel Barrymore, Wallace Beery, John Barrymore, at the fictional hotel in Berlin, Garbo, Crawford and others yet to come, in Irving Thalberg's hit all-star experiment Grand Hotel, 1932.>[DOC] [TLE] garbo: \"i want to be alone!\" - YouTube garbo: \"i want to be alone!\" - YouTube [PAR] garbo: \"i want to be alone!\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 31, 2009 [PAR] from the movie grand hotel [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] mosaic | art | Britannica.com mosaic | art | Britannica.com [PAR] Mosaic [PAR] pebble mosaic [PAR] Mosaic, in art , decoration of a surface with designs made up of closely set, usually variously coloured, small pieces of material such as stone, mineral, glass , tile , or shell. Unlike inlay , in which the pieces to be applied are set into a surface that has been hollowed out to receive the design, mosaic pieces are applied onto a surface that has been prepared with an adhesive. Mosaic also differs from inlay in the size of its components. Mosaic pieces are anonymous fractions of the design and rarely have the dimensions of pieces for intarsia work (fitted inlay usually of wood), whose function is often the rendering of a whole portion of a figure or pattern. Once disassembled, a mosaic cannot be reassembled on the basis of the form of its individual pieces. [PAR] Mosaic floor fragment from a synagogue or church, cut stone with mortar from Israel, late \u2026 [PAR] Photograph by Katie Chao. The Jewish Museum, New York City, gift of Erwin Harvith, U 7529 [PAR] Technical insight is the key to both the creation and the appreciation of mosaic, and the technical aspects of the art require special emphasis. There are also significant stylistic, religious, and cultural aspects of mosaic, which has played an important role in Western art and has appeared in other cultures . Although mosaic is an art form that appears in widely separated places and at different times in history, in only one place\u2014Byzantium\u2014and at one time\u20144th to 14th centuries\u2014did it rise to become the leading pictorial art. [PAR] Principles of design [PAR] Between mosaic and painting , the art with which it has most in common, there has been a reciprocal influence of varying intensity. In colour and style the earliest known Greek figurative mosaics with representational motifs, which date from the end of the 5th century bce, resemble contemporary vase painting, especially in their outline drawing and use of very dark backgrounds. The mosaics of the 4th century tended to copy the style of wall paintings , as is seen in the introduction of a strip of ground below the figures, of shading, and of other manifestations of a preoccupation with pictorial space. In late Hellenistic times there evolved a type of mosaic whose colour gradations and delicate shading techniques suggest an attempt at exact reproduction of qualities typical of the art of painting. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] auricular style [PAR] In Roman imperial times, however, an important change occurred when mosaic gradually developed its own aesthetic laws. Still basically a medium used for floors , its new rules of composition were governed by a conception of perspective and choice of viewpoint different from those of wall decoration. Equally important was a simplification of form brought about by the demand for more expeditious production methods. In the same period, the increasing use of more strongly coloured materials also stimulated the growing autonomy of mosaic from painting. As a means of covering walls and vaults, mosaic finally realized its full potentialities for striking and suggestive distance effects, which surpass those of painting. [PAR] The general trend towards stylization\u2014that is, reduction to two-dimensionality\u2014in late antique Roman painting (3rd and 4th centuries ce) may have been stimulated by experimentation with colour in mosaic and particularly by the elimination of many middle tones for the sake of greater brilliance. The central role played at that time by mosaic in church decoration, for which it is particularly well suited, encourages the assumption that the roles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Louis Botha | prime minister of South Africa | Britannica.com Louis Botha | prime minister of South Africa | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of South Africa [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Prime minister of South Africa [PAR] born [PAR] Jacobus Hercules de la Rey [PAR] Louis Botha, (born Sept. 27, 1862, near Greytown, Natal [now in South Africa]\u2014died Aug. 27, 1919, Pretoria, S.Af.), soldier and statesman who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa (1910\u201319) and a staunch advocate of a policy of reconciliation between Boers and Britons, as well as of limiting the political rights of black South Africans. [PAR] Louis Botha. [PAR] Photos.com/Jupiterimages [PAR] The son of a voortrekker (Boer pioneer settler of the interior), he grew up in the Orange Free State , where he received his only formal education at a German mission school. In 1884 he helped to found the New Republic in the Vryheid district in Zululand (now northern KwaZulu-Natal ). There he purchased a farm and married Annie Emmett, granddaughter of an Irish patriot. When the New Republic became part of the South African Republic ( Transvaal ) in 1888, Botha became politically active and held a number of posts before he was elected to the Volksraad (parliament) in 1897. There he sided with the moderates against Pres. Paul Kruger \u2019s hostile policy toward the Uitlanders (non-Boer, mostly English, settlers). [PAR] Rising tensions between Great Britain and the Boer republics led to the outbreak of the South African War in 1899. Botha rose rapidly in the Boer army to command the southern force besieging Ladysmith . While leading an ambush, he captured an armoured train; Winston Churchill was among the prisoners. When Piet Joubert , the commandant general of the Transvaal forces, died (March 1900), Botha was named to succeed him. Despite his talents as a general, he could not hold back the overwhelming numbers of British reinforcements. After the surrender of a large Boer army at Paardeberg and the fall of Pretoria , Botha organized a guerrilla campaign, but Britain eventually forced him to negotiate. He was one of the signatories at the Peace of Vereeniging (May 31,1902). [PAR] After the war, Botha returned to politics and in 1904 helped form a new party in the Transvaal, Het Volk (\u201cThe People\u201d). When Het Volk won the Transvaal elections of February 1907, Botha became prime minister. Botha and his colleague Jan Smuts , showing political realism, downplayed the fostering of Afrikaner (Boer) interests and stressed conciliation with Britain. The National Convention of 1910 chose Botha as the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa (precursor to the Republic of South Africa ), which amalgamated the British colonies (the Cape and Natal) and the former Boer republics (Orange Free State and the Transvaal) into one political entity. Botha was adamantly opposed to granting political rights (either to vote or eligibility as members of parliament) to black South Africans. He thus played an important role in creating the problems relating to majority political disenfranchisement and minority rule in the 20th-century South Africa. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] While serving as prime minister, Botha established the South African Party in 1911. Botha pursued subtle policies of white (British-Boer) conciliation and greater autonomy for South Africa. The most important measure of his administrations was the Natives\u2019 Land Act of 1913, which segregated land throughout the Union, laid down the basis for a system of \u201cnative reserves\u201d for black South Africans, and began the policy of \u201cinflux controls\u201d to reduce their access to cities. Botha\u2019s policy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bronze medals - definition of Bronze medals by The Free ... Bronze medals - definition of Bronze medals by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Bronze medals - definition of Bronze medals by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bronze+medals [PAR] Related to Bronze medals: Gold medals , Silver medals [PAR] bronze medal [PAR] n [PAR] (Individual Sports, other than specified) a medal of bronze, awarded to a competitor who comes third in a contest or race. Compare gold medal , silver medal [PAR] bronze\u2032 med\u2032al [PAR] a medal, traditionally of bronze, awarded to the third-place winner in a competition. [PAR] bronze\u2032 med\u2032alist, n. [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] bronze medal - a trophy made of bronze (or having the appearance of bronze) that is usually awarded for winning third place in a competition [PAR] trophy , prize - something given as a token of victory [PAR] Translations [PAR] bronze [PAR] (bronz) noun, adjective [PAR] 1. (of) an alloy of copper and tin. The medal is (made of) bronze. brons \u0628\u0652\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0652\u0632 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437 bronze bronz(ov\u00fd) die Bronze bronze \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf, \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2 bronce pronks \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632 pronssi bronze \u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f bronca bronz perunggu bronzo \u9752\u9285 \uccad\ub3d9 bronza bronza gangsa brons ; bronzen bronse br\u0105z \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c bronze bronz \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0430 z bronzu bron bronza brons \u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e24\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c bronz , tun\u00e7 \u9752\u9285 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0430 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc - \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631\u062a \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebfc \u9752\u94dc [PAR] 2. (of) its reddish brown colour. bronskleurig \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0652\u0632 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0446\u0432\u044f\u0442 bronze bronzov\u00fd, bronzov\u00e9 barvy bronzefarben bronze- \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 color bronce pronksikarva \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632\u061b \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632\u0647 punaruskea bronze \u05e6\u05b6\u05d1\u05b8\u05e2 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05d6\u05b8\u05d4 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0902\u0917 bron\u010dan bronz coklat kemerahan bronzo \u9752\u9285\u8272\u306e \uccad\ub3d9\uc0c9 bronzinis bronzas- warna coklat kemerahan bronskleur; bronskleurig bronse br\u0105zowy \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u06cc bronze \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u044b bronzov\u00fd bronaste barve bronzani bronsf\u00e4rg (\u0e2a\u0e35) \u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e14\u0e07 bronz rengi, tun\u00e7 renginde \u9752\u9285\u8272 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0440 \u0633\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u06be\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebfc \u9752\u94dc\u8272 [PAR] 3. (a work of art) made of bronze. an exhibition of bronzes. bronsbeeld \u0645\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0652\u0632 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432 bronze bronz das Bronzekunstwerk bronze- \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) talla de bronce pronksese \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632\u06cc pronssinen bronze \u05d9\u05b0\u05e6\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8\u05b7\u05ea \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05d6\u05b8\u05d4 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f bron\u010dati bronzt\u00e1rgy terbuat dari perunggu bronzo \u9752\u9285\u306e \uccad\ub3d9 \uc81c\ud488 bronzos dirbinys bronzas izstr\u0101d\u0101jumi diperbuat daripada gangsa bronzen kunstvoorwerp bronsefigur wyr\u00f3b z br\u0105zu \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u06cc bronze (obiect) de bronz \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u044b bronz bron bronza bronsf\u00f6rem\u00e5l \u0e17\u0e33\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e24\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c bronz \u9752\u9285\u88fd(\u85dd\u8853)\u54c1 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0430 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebfc \u9752\u94dc\u5236\uff08\u827a\u672f\uff09\u54c1 [PAR] bronzed adjective [PAR] suntanned. a bronzed face. verbruin, songebruin \u0628\u0652\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0652\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0652\u0646\u060c \u0627\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647 \u0441 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043d bronzeado op\u00e1len\u00fd sonnengebr\u00e4unt solbr\u00e6ndt; brun \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 bronceado p\u00e4evitunud \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632\u0647 ruskettunut bronz\u00e9 \u05e9\u05d6\u05d5\u05e3 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e potamnjeti les\u00fclt terbakar matahari abbronzato \u65e5\u713c\u3051\u3057\u305f \uccad\ub3d9\uc0c9\uc758 \u012fdeg\u0119s iededzis muka terbakar gebronsd bronsefarget , solbrun opalony \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u06cc bronzeado bronzat \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 op\u00e1len\u00fd porjavel preplanuo brun, solbr\u00e4nd (\u0e2a\u0e35) \u0e41\u0e17\u0e19 bronzla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u66ec\u9ed1\u7684 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u062f\u06be\u0648\u067e \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y n\u1eafng \u6652\u9ed1\u7684 [PAR] bronze medal [PAR] in athletics competitions, the medal awarded as third prize. bronsmedalje \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0652\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b medalha de bronze bronzov\u00e1 medaile die Bronzemedaille bronzemedalje \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf medalla de bronce pronksmedal \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632 pronssimitali m\u00e9daille de bronze \u05de\u05b0\u05d3\u05b7\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05b8\u05ea \u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b7\u05d3 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u0915 brona\u010dana medalja bronz\u00e9rem medali perunggu medaglia di bronzo \u9285\u30e1\u30c0\u30eb \ub3d9\uba54\ub2ec bronzos medalis bronzas meda\u013ca pingat gangsa bronzen medaille bronsemedalje br\u0105zowy medal \u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0689\u0627\u0644 medalha de bronze medalie de bronz \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c bronzov\u00e1 medaila bronasta medalja bronzana medalja bronsmedalj \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e14\u0e07 bronz madalya \u9285\u724c \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0430 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u063a\u06c1 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u94dc\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Make a Proper Tom Collins | Today's Tipple How to Make a Proper Tom Collins | Today's Tipple [PAR] How to Make a Proper Tom Collins [PAR] TOM COLLINS [PAR] (1874 \u2013 NY & PA) [PAR] After nearly a decade of \u201cforcing\u201d spirit-based cocktails into the hands of our trepidatious wine and beer drinking friends, we\u2019ve found that the Tom Collins is the one gin cocktail that pretty much everyone loves. It\u2019s light and refreshing \u2013 like homemade sparkling lemonade with a kick. [PAR] The origin of this tasty tipple is greatly disputed and very lively. Wikipedia has a wealth of background including the infamous Tom Collins Hoax of 1874 here\u2026 [PAR] A Great Party Drink\u2026 [PAR] Since it is almost universally popular, this is a great drink for when you\u2019re hosting a party. We pre-make a big batch of the lemon, simple and gin mixture then build individual drinks in the glass \u2013 topping with soda as needed. If we also mix up a pitcher of Manhattans for the brown spirit fans in the crowd, we often find that the wine and beer barely get touched. [PAR] Infinite Variety\u2026 [PAR] This recipe calls for Old Tom Gin, a slightly sweetened version of the classic London Dry gin which was very popular in England at the end of the 19th century and which has been very hard to come by until just recently. It is the traditional spirit used in this classic cocktail, to which it lends its name. However, if you\u2019re not stocking a bottle of Old Tom, it\u2019s still a very respectable libation with Tanqueray, Bombay or whatever London Dry, or even New World-style, gin you happen to have in your liquor cabinet. [PAR] If you like your cocktails on the sweeter side, add a bit of grenadine or some of the maraschino cherry juice from the cherry jar. At the Proper, we call this a Mary Collins, after the owner\u2019s wife who likes her spirits \u201cundetectable\u201d and her cocktails pink. [PAR] And, if you really can\u2019t tolerate gin at all, you can swap out the gin with virtually any other spirit for a tasty variation with a cute new name. Just some of the popular alternatives\u2026 [PAR] Bourbon or Rye = John Collins [PAR] Vodka = Ivan Collins, Comrade Collins (Or simply Vodka Collins) [PAR] Irish Whiskey = Michael Collins (After the Irish revolutionary leader) [PAR] Tequila \u2013 Juan Collins or Jos\u00e9 Collins [PAR] Rum= Ron Collins (After the Spanish word for rum) [PAR] Scotch \u2013 Jock Collins or Sandy Collins [PAR] AppleJack = Jack Collins [PAR] Gin + Sloe Gin = Barnabas Collins (After the character in Dark Shadows) [PAR] Brandy = Brandy Collins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ellie Goulding: Singer / Songwriter & Yoga | Relax and Release Ellie Goulding: Singer / Songwriter & Yoga | Relax and Release [PAR] Ellie Goulding: Singer / Songwriter & Yoga [PAR] By catherine on July 26, 2016 [PAR] Having caught the public\u2019s attention in 2010 with her singles \u201cStarry Eyed\u201d and \u201cGuns and Horses,\u201d British vocalist Ellie Goulding quickly rose to the top of the charts with her infectious electronic pop sound. Although she started out writing songs in a folk-inflected style, she eventually grew into a more electronic-influenced artist, touching upon dance music and ambient synth pop. With her unique soprano warble and knack for writing catchy yet emotionally earnest songs, Goulding, much like her predecessors Kate Bush and Imogen Heap, stands at the forefront of contemporary mainstream music and arty, independent-minded pop. [PAR] Born in Hereford, England, she later moved to the country\u2019s east coast to study drama at the University of Kent. Goulding had developed a love for folk music as a teenager, and her time at university also exposed her to electronica. After two years, she took a break from her studies and moved to West London, where she pursued a career as an alternative singer/songwriter and befriended producers like Starsmith and Frankmusik, who gave her songs an electro-pop twist. In 2009, Goulding began building an audience via the Internet, where early tracks like \u201cStarry Eyed\u201d and a cover of Sam Sparro\u2019s \u201cBlack & Gold\u201d were posted on tastemaking MP3 blogs such as Discodust. Goulding soon graduated from the blogosphere to print media, gaining praise from mainstream publications like The Guardian and fielding offers from record labels. She ultimately signed a major-label deal with Polydor Records and began making preparations to release her debut album. In the meantime, she penned songs for Diana Vickers, Gabriella Climi, and others. [PAR] During the final weeks of 2009, Goulding topped the BBC\u2019s Sound of 2010, a poll conducted by British music critics and industry insiders to identify new talent. Building on that momentum, she released Lights \u2014 a sparkling debut album that splashed Goulding\u2019s vocal flutter across a landscape of acoustic and synthesized instruments \u2013 in March 2010. Lights topped the U.K. charts during its first week and spun off \u201cStarry Eyed\u201d as a Top Five single (it also charted well in Ireland and New Zealand). Later that year, the album was re-released as Bright Lights, featuring seven new recordings (including a cover of Elton John\u2019s \u201cYour Song,\u201d which peaked at number two). [PAR] In 2012, Goulding returned with her sophomore album, Halcyon, which showcased an even more sonically adventurous, electro-pop-infused sound. In 2013, a deluxe reissue featuring ten extra songs was released; entitled Halcyon Days, it acted as a supplement to the original release. Two of its new songs, \u201cBurn\u201d and \u201cHow Long Will I Love You,\u201d were among her biggest hits. The following year, she was featured on Calvin Harris\u2019 Top Ten U.K. hit \u201cOutside,\u201d participated in Band Aid 30\u2019s update of \u201cDo They Know It\u2019s Christmas?,\u201d and entered the U.K. Top Ten once more with \u201cBeating Heart,\u201d a song released on the soundtrack for Divergent. Another soundtrack single, \u201cLove Me Like You Do,\u201d added to the success of Fifty Shades of Grey in 2015. Also in 2015, Goulding released her third studio album, Delirium, which featured collaborations with Max Martin, Greg Kurstin, and others. Included on Delirium was the leadoff single \u201cOn My Mind.\u201d ~ Andrew Leahey & Jason Birchmeier, Rovi [PAR] [PAR] Ellie Goulding & Yoga [PAR] With her love of running, yoga and ab-revealing croptops, singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding has gained a reputation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Louis X | king of France | Britannica.com Louis X | king of France | Britannica.com [PAR] king of France [PAR] Alternative Titles: Louis le Hutin, Louis the Stubborn [PAR] Louis X [PAR] Francis I [PAR] Louis X, byname Louis The Stubborn, French Louis Le Hutin (born Oct. 4, 1289, Paris \u2014died June 5, 1316, Vincennes , Fr.), Capetian king of France from 1314 and king of Navarre from 1305 to 1314, who endured baronial unrest that was already serious in the time of his father, Philip IV the Fair. [PAR] Louis X, detail of a miniature from a manuscript, c. 14th century; in the Biblioth\u00e8que \u2026 [PAR] Giraudon/Art Resource, New York [PAR] The eldest son of Philip and Joan of Navarre , he took the title of king of Navarre on his mother\u2019s death (April 4, 1305). But when he succeeded his father as king of France (Nov. 30, 1314), he resigned Navarre to his next brother, the future Philip V of France. In 1305 Louis married Margaret, daughter of Robert II , duke of Burgundy; in the last months of Philip IV\u2019s reign, she was convicted of adultery and was later strangled in prison (1315). Louis then married (July 1315) Cl\u00e9mence, daughter of Charles I , of Hungary. [PAR] Louis\u2019s main policies were designed to allay baronial discontent and to gain support and money for a projected campaign against Flanders . Charters were granted to groups of nobles in almost every province of France. Louis bought the support of the clergy by similar means; but whereas they gained for the church some real privileges, the use of ambiguous formulas made the baronial charters virtually worthless. Louis also sold the serfs their liberty, the beginning of the eventual end of serfdom . [PAR] Louis restored the office of chancellor and dismissed and imprisoned many of his father\u2019s unpopular ministers and advisers, among them Enguerrand de Marigny . Louis\u2019s posthumous son, John I , lived only five days and was succeeded by Louis\u2019s brother Philip V. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Positions - Rugby Football History Rugby Football History [PAR] All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Originally the number of players in a game of Rugby football was not limited, and there were no formal playing positions. Games at rugby school were simply played by however many boys wanted to play in a particular game. A kind of huge rolling maul developed, moving around the field since there was a very limited amount of space on the field in which to run. As the game began to be played between different schools and clubs a fixed number of players was needed. This then allowed players to start specializing in certain positions and to develop particular skills appropriate to those positions. [PAR] Rugby teams were then limited to twenty players made up of seventeen forwards and three full backs whose sole job was to maintain possession if the opposition managed to hack it out the scrum. Circa 1875 the number of players in a team was reduced to fifteen (ten forwards and five backs). [PAR] Today the player names, positions and numbers worn on shirts are defined by the International Rugby Board (IRB). Players usually have the following position names and numbers although there are some local variations in namingin common use: [PAR] F [PAR] full back [PAR] 1 & 3 Prop [PAR] Along with the hooker, the loose-head and tight-head props make up what is known as the front row, which refers to their position in the scrum. [PAR] To be successful, both props must be extremely strong in the neck, shoulders, upper body and legs, and they should relish head-to-head competition. [PAR] While stopping their side of the scrum from moving backwards, the props also support the hooker's body weight, allowing him or her to see and strike the ball when it is put into the scrum. In the lineout, props should be able to support or lift the jumper to prevent the opposition winning the ball. [PAR] Away from set pieces, props help to secure the ball when a player has been tackled, so it helps if they can combine their power with a degree of mobility. You\u2019ll also often see them used as battering rams in attack, receiving short passes after a ruck or maul and hitting the opposition defence at pace in an attempt to occupy the defenders and make space for their own backs. [PAR] 2 Hooker [PAR] Lining up in the scrum between the two props, the hooker is one of the forwards\u2019 key decision-makers. He or she will coordinate the timing at the scrum, and is also responsible for winning possession in the scrummage by hooking the ball back through the props' legs. [PAR] To allow the hooker to do this effectively, the props support much of the hooker\u2019s weight, leaving him or her free to concentrate on hooking the ball back, rather than pushing against the opposition forwards. For this reason the hooker is often the smallest member of a front-row trio. [PAR] At the lineout he or she is responsible for throwing the ball in and must be able to accurately hit the lineout jumper who is expecting the ball. In open play the hooker plays a similar role to the props, securing possession at rucks and mauls, or taking short \u2018crash\u2019 passes. [PAR] 4 & 5 Lock [PAR] The second row forwards (also known as locks) are the engine room of the scrum and the target men in the lineout, meaning that they need to be tall, powerful"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Translation of Ad astra in English - Babylon Software Translation of Ad astra in English [PAR] Ad astra (phrase), a Latin phrase meaning \"To the stars\", and the motto of several organizations [PAR] Ad Astra (magazine), official publication of the National Space Society [PAR] Ad Astra (journal), undergraduate journal of Roosevelt Academy [PAR] Ad Astra (convention), Toronto literary science fiction convention [PAR] See more at Wikipedia.org...[DOC] [TLE] \"ad astra per alas porci\" - Latin-English Dictionary - Glosbe ad astra per alas porci - Latin-English Dictionary - Glosbe [PAR] ad astra per alas porci [PAR] ad astra per alas porci in English [PAR] translation and definition \"ad astra per alas porci\", Latin-English Dictionary online [PAR] Translations into English: [PAR] to the stars on the wings of a pig [PAR] b...b@mailinator.com [PAR] [PAR] A favorite saying of John Steinbeck. A professor told him that he would be an author when pigs flew. Every book he wrote is printed with this insignia. [PAR] Automatic translation: [PAR] ad astra per alas porci [PAR] Example sentences with \"ad astra per alas porci\", translation memory [PAR] add example [PAR] No translation memories found. Consider more lenient search: click button to let Glosbe search more freely. [PAR] Showing page 1. Found 0 sentences matching phrase \"ad astra per alas porci\".Found in 0.607 ms. Translation memories are created by human, but computer aligned, which might cause mistakes. They come from many sources and are not checked. Be warned."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Square Root of 225 - Sqrt 225 - What is the Square Root of ... Square Root of 225 - Sqrt 225 - What is the Square Root of 225? [PAR] Home \u203a Square Roots \u203a Square Root of 225 [PAR] Square Root of 225 [PAR] Posted on by admin \u2014 No Comments \u2193 [PAR] The square root of 225 is the number, which multiplied by itself, is 225. In other words, the square of this number equals two hundred and twenty-five. If you have been looking for square root of two hundred and twenty-five then you are right here, too. On this page you can also find what its parts are called, and in addition to the terminology of \u221a225 we also have a calculator you don't want to miss. Read on to learn everything about the sqrt 225. [PAR] Extracting the root is the inverse operation of ^2: [PAR] The term can be written as [PAR] Like any positive number, the number 225 has two square roots: [PAR] , which is positive and called principal square root of 225, and \u2212 [PAR] , which is negative. [PAR] Together, they are denominated as \u00b1 [PAR] . [PAR] Although the principal square root of two hundred and twenty-five is only one of the two square roots, the term \"square root of 225\" usually refers to the positive number. [PAR] If you want to know how to find the square root of 225 then read our article square root which you can find in the header menu. [PAR] Here you can find the cube root of 225 . [PAR] What is the Square Root of 225 [PAR] You already know the answer to what is the square root of 225 and about the inverse operation of 225 square root. Keep reading to learn what the parts of it are called. [PAR] n = index, 2 is the index. [PAR] a = radicand, the radicand is the number below the radical sign, 225 is the radicand here. [PAR] b = root = \u00b115 [PAR] \u221a is called radical symbol or radical only. [PAR] Now you really know all about \u221a225, including its parts and the inverse. If you like to learn the square root of any other number use our calculator below: Insert the number of which you like to find the square root (e.g. 225), then press the calculate button. [PAR] Number: [PAR] Square Root of 180 [PAR] Square Root of Two Hundred And Twenty-Five [PAR] If you have been searching for whats the square root of 225 or square root 225 the you have come to the right site, too. [PAR] The same is true if you typed sq root of 225 or 225 root in the search engine of your preference, just to name a few similar terms. [PAR] To sum up, [PAR] The negative square root of 225 is -15, and the positive sqrt 225 is 15. Make sure to understand that \u221a225 and 225 squared , 225 x 225 = 50625, are not the same. [PAR] Finding the square root of the number 225 is the inverse operation of squaring the \u221a225. In other words (\u00b115)2 = 225. [PAR] Further information can be found on our page square root . Note that you can also find frequents roots including \u221a225 by using the search form in the sidebar of this website. [PAR] If our article about sqrt 225 has been useful to you, then please give us a like or press all social buttons. If you have any question about square roots of 225 then"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a baby skunk called? | Reference.com What is a baby skunk called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a baby skunk called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A baby skunk is called a kit. Litters typically contain four to six kits; however, some litters have as many as 10. At birth, kits are mainly pink with traces of black and white and almost no fur. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Baby skunks are born with their eyes sealed shut, and they remain shut for the first three weeks. They can produce musk by the time they are 8 days old but cannot spray until they are approximately 3 weeks old. [PAR] Baby skunks first venture out of the den with their mother when they are 6 to 8 weeks old, and they stay with their mother for about eight months. The father skunk plays no role in raising the kits and sometimes kills them."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coach Introduces Cheaper Line Named Poppy | POPSUGAR Fashion Coach Introduces Cheaper Line Named Poppy | POPSUGAR Fashion [PAR] Coach Introduces Cheaper Line Named Poppy [PAR] Fab Flash: Coach Launches Sweeter, Cheaper, Poppier Line [PAR] February 24, 2009 [PAR] by Fashion [PAR] 0 Shares [PAR] Coach is responding to the tough economic times with a new budget-friendly line named Poppy. Like the name, Poppy is a fresher, more youthful collection of footwear, handbags, and accessories compared to its namesake line. The best part? Lower price points. \u201cPoppy offers a different attitude that is younger in spirit,\u201d said executive creative director , Reed Krakoff. It\u2019s playful, with more prints, interesting fabrics and more experimentation.\" [PAR] The Poppy line, ranging from $198 to $598, will include a whimsical array of tiaras, pochettes, footwear, watches, eyewear, and even select apparel items. The collection debuts in July in stores and online at Coach.com . Fun! [PAR] To see more from the Poppy collection, [PAR] Sign Up For Our Newsletter [PAR] Select topics that interest you [PAR] Fashion and Beauty News [PAR] Shannolyn 7 years [PAR] That they even try to advertise this line as \"budget-friendly\" is a joke in and of itself.Glittery or colorful print ballet flats? Whoever thought Coach would look to their local Target store for inspiration...and then jack the price up by 200% percent. Genius, really. [PAR] Shannolyn 7 years [PAR] That they even try to advertise this line as \"budget-friendly\" is a joke in and of itself. Glittery or colorful print ballet flats? Whoever thought Coach would look to their local Target store for inspiration...and then jack the price up by 200% percent. Genius, really. [PAR] SweetFirefly 7 years [PAR] I like Coach. They still make nice leather bags. Lots of them. Not everything is made of their signature fabric. The leather is nice, but doesn't always appeal to a larger audience. They also make things that are cute and fun for younger people. I don't think this new line is priced any differently than their current line(except for the leather bags, which cost more). [PAR] Martini-Rossi 7 years [PAR] puh-leez. I buy coach products because I love their leather. These flats are not only ugly but also still expensive. I dont see how a $100 - $500 price range is cheaper? [PAR] HMBowling 7 years [PAR] How is $200-$600 budget friendly? Coach hasn't been impressing me lately so I think I'll stick with my new favorite leather goods, Cole Haan. [PAR] tulleandtea 7 years [PAR] I remember when Coach didn't have those tacky C prints all over them and when people didn't knock them off.My mom lends me her original leather Coach bags without all that jargon on it. They are really good quality and classic!Coach sometimes ain't what it used to be. [PAR] tulleandtea 7 years [PAR] I remember when Coach didn't have those tacky C prints all over them and when people didn't knock them off. My mom lends me her original leather Coach bags without all that jargon on it. They are really good quality and classic! Coach sometimes ain't what it used to be. [PAR] ilanac13 7 years [PAR] well i think that it's a sign of the times that brands like Coach are doing this, and i really hope that it pays off. the other upside to this is that there are more people that the brand/company can hire now since they are designing a brand extension - and that means that more people are getting jobs. granted it's not a LOT of people that are needed to design the new affordable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Country Profile - Misr - Egypt Tourism - Nations Online Egypt - Country Profile - Misr - Egypt Tourism [PAR] Info [PAR] ___ Egypt [PAR] Destination Egypt, a country in northeastern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea. The population of Egypt is concentrated chiefly along the fertile valley of the Nile River because the rest of the country is largely desert. [PAR] Egypt's history spans 5,000 years: the ancient kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were ruled successively by 31 dynasties. [PAR] This page is about many aspects of the modern and the ancient Egypt. Here you will find comprehensive information about Egypt in its diversity: geography, economy, science, people, culture, environment, government and ancient history. [PAR] You will have access to newspapers from Egypt and you will find extensive travel and tourism information for Egypt. [PAR] Cairo: Mosque Sultan Hassan and Mosque Al Rifai [PAR] [PAR] Arab Republic of Egypt | Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah [PAR] Country Profile [PAR] Flag of Egypt [PAR] Background: [PAR] In about 3100 B.C., Egypt was united under a ruler known as Mena, or Menes, who inaugurated the 30 pharaonic dynasties into which Egypt's ancient history is divided -- the Old and the Middle Kingdoms and the New Empire. The pyramids at Giza (near Cairo), which were built in the fourth dynasty, testify the power of the pharaonic religion and state. [PAR] Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world. Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. [PAR] The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile river in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. [PAR] A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. [PAR] In January 2011, a popular protest began against the Mubarak government, the objective of the protest was for the removal of Mubarak from power. Hosni Mubarak ruled the country since 14 October 1981. The former Egyptian politician and military commander was ousted after 18 days of demonstrations during the what is today known as the 2011 Egyptian revolution. [PAR] (Source: various sources)[DOC] [TLE] Egypt: full name, the Arab Republic of Egypt; Gumhuria ... Egypt: full name, the Arab Republic of Egypt; Gumhuria Misr al-Arabia | Article about Egypt: full name, the Arab Republic of Egypt; Gumhuria Misr al-Arabia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Egypt: full name, the Arab Republic of Egypt; Gumhuria Misr al-Arabia | Article about Egypt: full name, the Arab Republic of Egypt; Gumhuria Misr al-Arabia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Egypt%3a+full+name%2c+the+Arab+Republic+of+Egypt%3b+Gumhuria+Misr+al-Arabia [PAR] Egypt: full name, the Arab Republic of Egypt; Gumhuria Misr al-Arabia [PAR] Egypt: (full name, the Arab Republic of Egypt; Gumhuria Misr al-Arabia) [PAR] [PAR] Egypt is a state in the Near East, occupying northeastern Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in Asia. On the west it is bordered by Libya, on the south by the Sudan, and on the northeast by Israel and the territory allotted by the UN in 1947 for the creation of an Arab state. On the north Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and on the east by the Red Sea and the gulfs of Suez and Aqaba. Egypt is located at the crossroads of the sea and air routes linking Europe and America with Asia and East Africa. The Suez Canal, the shortest sea"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) - IMDb Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A British woman is determined to improve herself while she looks for love in a year in which she keeps a personal diary. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Oscars 2017: Listen to Selections from 110 Scores Eligible for This Year\u2019s Academy Award [PAR] 2 January 2017 4:58 PM, -08:00 | Indiewire [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 10 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 04 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 08 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 08 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 8 wins & 29 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After finding love, Bridget Jones questions if she really has everything she's dreamed of having. [PAR] Director: Beeban Kidron [PAR] Bridget's focus on single life and her career is interrupted when she finds herself pregnant, but with one hitch ... she can only be fifty percent sure of the identity of her baby's father. [PAR] Director: Sharon Maguire [PAR] The life of a simple bookshop owner changes when he meets the most famous film star in the world. [PAR] Director: Roger Michell [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful prostitute he meets... only to fall in love. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] A smart but sensible new graduate lands a job as an assistant to Miranda Priestly, the demanding editor-in-chief of a high fashion magazine. [PAR] Director: David Frankel [PAR] Over the course of five social occasions, a committed bachelor must consider the notion that he may have discovered love. [PAR] Director: Mike Newell [PAR] Two women troubled with guy-problems swap homes in each other's countries, where they each meet a local guy and fall in love. [PAR] Director: Nancy Meyers [PAR] Follows the lives of eight very different couples in dealing with their love lives in various loosely interrelated tales all set during a frantic month before Christmas in London, England. [PAR] Director: Richard Curtis [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] Benjamin Barry is an advertising executive and ladies' man who, to win a big campaign, bets that he can make a woman fall in love with him in 10 days. Andie Anderson covers the \"How To\" beat for \"Composure\" magazine and is assigned to write an article on \"How to Lose a Guy in 10 days.\" They meet in a bar shortly after the bet is made. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] A cynical, immature young man is taught how to act like a grown-up by a little boy. [PAR] Directors: Chris Weitz, Paul Weitz [PAR] Stars: Hugh Grant, Nicholas Hoult, Toni Collette [PAR] A pushy boss forces her young assistant to marry her in order to keep her visa status in the U.S. and avoid deportation to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ladder back | Define Ladder back at Dictionary.com Ladder back | Define Ladder back at Dictionary.com [PAR] ladder back [PAR] a chair back having a number of horizontal slats between uprights. [PAR] Origin of ladder back [PAR] Examples from the Web for ladder back [PAR] Expand [PAR] Eleven Possible Cases Frank R. Stockton [PAR] With a whispered injunction that he was all right and was not to move on any account, the Girl put the ladder back in its place. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for ladder back [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a type of chair in which the back is constructed of horizontal slats between two uprights [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it? [PAR] Word of the Day[DOC] [TLE] Ladder back | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary ladder back | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] Definitions [PAR] noun [PAR] a type of chair in which the back is constructed of horizontal slats between two uprights [PAR] Collins English Dictionary. Copyright \u00a9 HarperCollins Publishers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Balmoral Castle and Ballater | Cairngorms-Park.com Balmoral Castle and Ballater | Cairngorms-Park.com [PAR] Balmoral Castle, Ballater, Royal Deeside [PAR] Balmoral Castle is a large estate house situated in a area of Cairngorms National Park, Scotland, known as Royal Deeside. The Balmoral estate was purchased by Queen Victoria's consort Prince Albert, and Balmoral Castle remains a favourite summer royal residence. [PAR] The Balmoral Estate and Castle covers about 20,000 hectares of heather clad mountains, ancient Caledonian woodland, lochs and of course the beautiful salmon river , the River Dee. Three thousand hectares are forested and 222 hectares are arable or pasture, with 100 Highland cattle, and The Queen's Highland, Fell and Haflinger ponies. It provides for and works with the local community. The Royal Family employs around 50 full-time and 50-100 part-time staff to maintain the estate and look after the animals. The part-time staff are used particularly when the Queen makes her annual visit. Farming is difficult because of the nature of the ground and the climate, there are seven Munros (mountains over 914.4m/3,000 ft) and most of the land lies over 300 m above sea level. At present about 100 hectares are farmed in hand and 75 hectares let to neighbouring farmers. [PAR] Over the past 150 years careful stewardship of Balmoral by the owners, The Royal Family, has preserved the wildlife, scenery and architecture which is available for all generations to enjoy. In her journals Queen Victoria described Balmoral and its Castle as her paradise in the Highlands - we hope you will feel the same way about Balmoral and Balmoral Castle once you have visited this most special place in the heart of the Cairngorms National Park. The grounds, gardens and exhibitions at Balmoral are closed to the Public during August, September and early October as the Royal Family are in residence. However winter guided tours will be available during late October, November and early December. [PAR] The Balmoral Castle cafe also offers some tasty, reasonably priced lunches. A great day out for everyone! For more information on Ballater and Royal Deeside check out our Ballater village page . [PAR] Below are just some of the amazing sites and sounds that can be found at Balmoral Castle and Estate, Royal Deeside in the Cairngorms National Park. [PAR] Hover over the picture to find out more... [PAR] [PAR] Opening Times [PAR] Balmoral Castle - Usual Opening Hours - check web site for more detail. [PAR] The grounds, gardens and exhibitions at Balmoral are closed to the Public during August, September and early October as the Royal Family are in residence. However winter guided tours are available during late October, November and early December. The grounds, gardens and exhibitions will be open on a daily basis from 1st April until 31st July. [PAR] You will need a whole day for a full experience of the Balmoral Castle and Estate. [PAR] Location [PAR] Balmoral Castle - Balmoral is situated in a secluded location on the south bank of the River Dee, mid way between Ballater and Braemar. Crathie Church is situated nearby and parking is available in the Regional Car Parks by the Tourist Information Centre. [PAR] The nearest railway station and airport are located in Aberdeen, which is approximately 50 miles east of Balmoral. A bus service operates between Aberdeen and Braemar. [PAR] From Aberdeen: [PAR] Travel straight out the A93 towards Braemar and approximately nine miles west of Ballater you will come to Crathie. On your right hand side is Crathie Church and on your left hand side is the regional car park and the tourist"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hunting Moa (MTG Card) - TappedOut.net Hunting Moa (MTG Card) [PAR] Hunting Moa [PAR] Creature \u2014 Bird Beast [PAR] Echo (2)(Green) (At the beginning of your upkeep, if this came under your control since the beginning of your last upkeep, sacrifice it unless you pay its echo cost.) [PAR] When Hunting Moa enters the battlefield or is put into a graveyard from play, put a +1/+1 counter on target creature. [PAR] Add to collection [PAR] Vengeful Birds [PAR] 8 months ago [PAR] I like your deck! Aven Mimeomancer is one of my all time faves. I like adding green for Birds of Paradise for acceleration and Hunting Moa for even more proliferation. BoP into Mimeomancer is a pretty fast clock. Obviously, three colors makes the mana much more expensive. Not sure if Derevi, Empyrial Tactician is worth it. [PAR] Something else to consider is that Vedalken AEthermage can Wizardcycle for Aven Mimeomancer , Kangee, Aerie Keeper AND Keeper of the Nine Gales which can let you trim the numbers on the guys that are bad in multiples like Kangee and Keeper and lets you do things like run a single Aven Mindcensor [PAR] Bioshock (Heartless Biomancer) [PAR] 1 year ago [PAR] Also I was looking around for a replacement for Hunting Moa (It's really expensive for what it is), and I found Cytoplast Root-Kin . This card screams synergy to me, as you can just bounce counters around all the while Hardened Scales beefs them up. [PAR] Another great card is Den Protector . Retrieve a card for 2 mana and get a 3/2 body for 1 mana (with Hardened Scales ) [PAR] Bioshock (Heartless Biomancer) [PAR] 1 year ago [PAR] Hey kameenook . That may be a fair point. The thinking on Heartless Summoning was the benefit it gives on subsequent cards, so a 1 mana Phyrexian Metamorph , 1 mana Hunting Moa , so your stacking multiple copies of biomancer v.quickly[DOC] [TLE] Bronzebeak Moa (Dragon's Maze) - Gatherer - Magic: The ... Bronzebeak Moa (Dragon's Maze) - Gatherer - Magic: The Gathering [PAR] Bronzebeak Moa [PAR] Community Rating: 3.785 / 5 (72 votes) [PAR] Click here to view ratings and comments. [PAR] Creature \u2014 Bird [PAR] Card Text: [PAR] Whenever another creature enters the battlefield under your control, Bronzebeak Moa gets +3/+3 until end of turn. [PAR] Flavor Text: [PAR] They fight for their home with more loyalty than any conscript. [PAR] Watermark:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hafnia Law Firm / Hafnia Advokatfirma \u203a About Hafnia Law Firm / Hafnia Advokatfirma \u203a About [PAR] Search [PAR] About [PAR] Having studied maritime law at the Scandinavian Institute of Maritime law in Oslo in 1973, Peter Schaumburg-M\u00fcller initially worked as a young lawyer and claims handler with Danish Shipowners Defence Association and Skuld P&I Club before establishing his own marine law firm in 1981 in association with 4 non marine law firms under the name Denlaw, originally the answer back of Peter\u2019s telex machine! [PAR] The firm took a new direction when at the end of 2008 Mathias Stein\u00f8 took employment with Peter and consolidated the existence of a genuine maritime practice. It was soon a reality that Mathias with his obvious skills added expansion to the firm and should become partner. The idea emerged that Copenhagen with its comprehensive shipping activities was ready for a dedicated shipping law firm. It was however clear that the firm needed to stand alone in new premises and with a new name. [PAR] In January 2010 we all agreed to launch the first specialised maritime law firm under the name HAFNIA LAW FIRM and in the new premises of Oestergade 22 in the center of the city of Copenhagen. The name HAFNIA being latin for Copenhagen, the Harbour of Merchants. [PAR] [PAR] The firm was further developped as Alex Laudrup joined us in March 2011. Alex also started at Danish Shipowners Defence Association and Skuld in the early seventies. In 1982 he became the managing director of another defence club and worked also as a maritime lawyer. Alex later joined the full scale law firm Gorrissen Federspiel where he became partner and subsequently head of the maritime and trandsport department. Apart from being a busy lawyer, Alex is an experienced litigator and arbitrator and former president of the Danish Maritime Law Association (CMI), Denmark. [PAR] Profile [PAR] HAFNIA LAW FIRM builds on the concept of specialisation and is the consequence of a development that has also been seen abroad where maritime and transport departments of larger firms establish specialised firms with their own identity. In this day and age the professional client and not least his general counsellor realises the different branches of law and will readily seek specialist assistance. [PAR] HAFNIA LAW FIRM specialises in shipping matters, be it by air, land, sea or a combination and we service the industries relative to transport like owners and cargo interests, insurance companies, banks, yards, repairshops and trade houses; from the manufacturer or distributor to the retailer. We service the broker, the agent, the warehouse keeper and suppliers of goods and generally provide services to the shipping industry. We also assist our clients in company matters. Our services range from the contract formation to the dispute resolution. [PAR] Other legal issues [PAR] HAFNIA LAW FIRM\u2019s raison d'etre is to provide legal advice in those fields in which we are expert. Clients may sometimes require legal assistance beyond the borders of our specialist services. We have built up extensive contacts over many years with other lawyers who have great expertise in virtually any field of law in which our clients might require help in both domestic and international matters. If clients seek our help in any such area, we can and will advise on a transparent and unbiased basis exactly where they will best get the help they need at the best price. If the matter in question is one which also involves our field of expertise we shall be delighted to advise as part of a team and all of us"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History - 2000s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ... History - 2000s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] READ MORE [PAR] 2000: Venus Williams v Lindsay Davenport [PAR] A decade of Williams dominance began on 8 July 2000, when elder sister Venus defeated defending champion Lindsay Davenport 6-3, 7-6(3). The win came two days after 20-year-old Venus had defeated her then 18-year-old sister Serena in the semis, and 10 months after Serena had won the US Open. The Williamses thus became the first sisters in the Open era to win Grand Slam titles. [PAR] Though many suspected that the American siblings would be a force to be reckoned with over the coming years, few could have predicted just how the first 10 years of the new millennium would belong to the Williamses, with SW19 proving to be a particularly happy hunting ground. Venus\u2019s win over Davenport, which came thanks to a combination of powerful services and groundstrokes, crisp volleys and tireless running, which made her opponent look decidedly flat-footed, was the first of five titles on Wimbledon\u2019s lawns to go with the US Open titles which she won in 2000 and 2001. [PAR] Only Maria Sharapova in 2004 and Amelie Mauresmo in 2006 managed to break the Williams hegemony during that magical decade. [PAR] 2000: Pat Rafter v Andre Agassi [PAR] Andre Agassi versus Pat Rafter was always a good one for the fans to watch. The American was one of the best returners in the game and wore out a path along the baseline, while the Aussie was an attacker who felt most at home at the net. [PAR] In the space of 12 months they played three Grand Slam five-setters between June 2000 and June 2001, two of them at Wimbledon (where they had already met twice, Agassi winning in 1993 and 1999). All of them were classics, none more so than at The Championships 2000. Rafter parlayed his serve-and-volley to a one-set lead, but Agassi found his range on his passing shots to level at one-all. Errors in the American\u2019s game again handed Rafter the advantage but Agassi could never be counted out over the Grand Slam distance and duly fought back to take it to a fifth set. [PAR] The match went down in the annals as a classic, primarily due to the number of rallies it contained. Though the Australian tried to keep the points short on his own service, he managed to disrupt Agassi with his returning game full of heavy slice from the baseline. The American cracked first, and Rafter found himself in his first Wimbledon final. [PAR] 2000: Pete Sampras wins seventh title [PAR] Wimbledon was where Pete Sampras felt most at home and none but the most foolish were prepared to write him off. Having battled tendonitis in his right knee on his way to the final, the American was left to face Australia\u2019s Pat Rafter for his seventh Wimbledon title and his record-breaking 13th Grand Slam trophy. [PAR] Sampras stumbled through the first set tiebreak, offering it up with a double fault but then sniffed the scent of blood as Rafter blew a 4-1 lead in the second. At a set apiece, Sampras, at last, began to settle and as the night drew in, he closed out his emotional 6-7, 7-6, 6-4, 6-2 victory. He burst into tears and then ran for the back of the stands to find his parents, Sam and Georgia, who had flown in overnight to see their son make history. [PAR] It was Sampras's last great moment at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Backdraft Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Backdraft Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 54 out of 63 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Excellent portrayal of actual events [PAR] from Seattle, Washington [PAR] 10 January 2004 [PAR] Ron Howard did a wonderful job of bringing some of the real-life problems that firefighters face everyday in Backdraft. I'm kind of tired of hearing the Monday morning quarterbacks on this site trying to talk about how bad it was and that it wasn't realistic, etc. Take it from a REAL firefighter who has lost brothers in REAL fires and has lived through a REAL backdraft, it's NOT all fun and games, and it's far from glamourous. This movie did an excellent job capturing some of the emotions that flow through every firehouse in America today, particularly after 9/11, we are a brotherhood in which the \"I go---we go\" mentality is a very REAL concept that most of us live by everyday. And the corruption part of the story, well that's Hollywood for ya, if it doesn't have death, destruction, and corruption...then it doesn't sell very well. Yes there are corrupt politicians and it wouldn't surprise me if things like that did happen, but it's far from commonplace and was just to enhance the film and give you a person to \"hate\" in the film (JT Walsh, God rest his soul). [PAR] So I give it 4 out of 4 stars, very realistic, well directed, EXCELLENT acting on Kurt Russell and Robert DiNiro's parts, and can't wait til I find it on DVD to buy it. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 36 out of 42 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Blockbuster Movie [PAR] from Hawaii [PAR] 27 October 2002 [PAR] This is one of Ron Howard's better films. Much of the filming was done on location in Chicago. Acting was excellent. Especially by Kurt Russell and William Baldwin. I have heard a lot of negatives about this movie, but I still feel it is worth a 9 at least. Steven and Brian McCaffery's dad (also a fireman) was killed in a fire in 1971. Brian was just a youngster, and along for the ride with his dad when he was killed. Twenty years later, Brian has become a fireman after failing at other pursuits. Steven is a lieutenant with the Chicago Fire Department. Steven does not think Brian can cut the mustard as a fireman, and Brian is out to prove himself. It makes for a great sibling rivalry. On top of this, an arsonist is setting fires, and the arson investigator, Donald Rimgale (Robert DeNero) does not have a clue as to who it is. Rimgale is pressured by an egotistical alderman (J.T. Walsh) who wants to be mayor. Brian has his problems working with Steven, and finally gives up, and accepts a job working with Rimgale. They find the links between all the fires, but Brian finds out more. (who the arsonist is). The climactic scene in chemical warehouse is great! I was told by someone that the funeral scene was overdone. I don't think so...I have seen funerals for firemen and they look exactly like what you see in the movie...Universal Studios in Hollywood had a Backdraft set on their lot some years back (which I visited), and it gives you a chance to see what these actors really faced...This is without a doubt one of my favorite movies, and Ron Howard deserves his share of kudos for an excellent directing job [PAR] Was the above review useful to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egypt: Former vice president Omar Suleiman dies in US ... Egypt: Former vice president Omar Suleiman dies in US | Fox News [PAR] Egypt: Former vice president Omar Suleiman dies in US [PAR] Published July 19, 2012 [PAR] Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print [PAR] April 14, 2012: Former spy chief and presidential candidate Omar Suleiman gestures as he talks during an interview with Reuters at his office in Cairo. (Reuters) [PAR] Egypt's former spy chief Omar Suleiman, deposed president Hosni Mubarak's top lieutenant and keeper of secrets, died Thursday, the country's official news agency reported. He was 76. [PAR] Suleiman, who said little but had a finger in virtually every vital security issue confronting Egypt, was dubbed by the media as the \"the black box.\" Like Mubarak, he was a fierce enemy of Islamists in Egypt and throughout the region, and a friend to the United States and Israel. [PAR] The official Middle East News Agency said that Suleiman had suffered from lung and heart problems for months and that his health condition had sharply deteriorated over the past three weeks. He was treated at a hospital in Cleveland and died early Thursday. His three daughters will accompany the body to be buried in Egypt, according to MENA. [PAR] Suleiman was appointed vice president on Jan. 29, 2011, at the peak of last year's revolution, a last-gasp attempt by Mubarak to save his political life as hundreds of thousands of Egyptians took to the streets demanding his ouster. But this and other desperate measures, including talks between Suleiman and the formerly outlawed Muslim Brotherhood, were unable to stave off Mubarak's overthrow. [PAR] It was Suleiman who grimly appeared on telelvision on Feb. 11, 2011, to announce that Egypt's leader of nearly three decades was stepping down and handing power to a military council. [PAR] This marked the end of the 18-day uprising but opened up a new chapter of tumultuous transition under the rule of the generals. [PAR] After the revolution, Suleiman disappeared from public view only to return earlier this year as a presidential candidate, sparking fears of a Mubarak regime comeback. However, the election commission in a surprise move disqualified him along with two Islamist front-runners. [PAR] His sudden emergence and disqualification at a time two heavyweight Islamists were also running and disqualified raised suspicions that his candidacy was orchestrated by the military generals to get rid of Islamists. [PAR] In April, Suleiman said he decided to run to prevent the Muslim Brotherhood from coming to power. \"If the Brotherhood's candidate wins the presidential election, Egypt will be turned into a religious state. All state institutions will be controlled by the Brotherhood,\" he said in April. [PAR] Mohammed Morsi, a member of the Brotherhood, won the presidency last month. [PAR] Suleiman, a tall man who was frequently photographed wearing dark sunglass, rarely spoke to the media. He served as intelligence chief for nearly two decades. [PAR] For most of that time he played a behind-the-scenes role as the top official in charge of some of the most important issues facing the Egyptian state, including relations with the U.S., Israel and talks with the Palestinians. [PAR] He was widely believed to be the military leadership's preferred successor to Mubarak. This created silent tension between Suleiman and the president's younger son, Gamal, who was seen as being groomed by his father as a rival successor. [PAR] The uncertainty over the succession, and the fear that Mubarak was trying to set up a family dynasty through his son, helped spark the uprising. [PAR] U.S. diplomatic cables posted by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Obsessive Thoughts: a Common Anxiety Symptom Obsessive Thoughts: a Common Anxiety Symptom [PAR] Anxiety Signs SHARE [PAR] Obsessive Thoughts: a Common Anxiety Symptom [PAR] Persistent and negative thoughts are one of the most common signs of an anxiety disorder. Anxiety makes it nearly impossible to stop focusing on things that you don't want to focus on. These thoughts are rarely positive, often related to either your fears or your emotions, and in many cases the existence of the thought causes further anxiety and often leads to more obsessions. [PAR] Obsessive thoughts are the hallmark of obsessive compulsive disorder, but there are types of \"obsessive\" thoughts that are present in a variety of anxiety disorders that won't necessarily cause a diagnosis of OCD. Below, we'll look at examples of these obsessive thoughts and how they affect you. [PAR] Are You Struggling with Obessive Thoughts? [PAR] If you have been struggling with obsessive thoughts, you may have anxiety. Take our free anxiety test to learn your anxiety score, how it compares to others, and what you can do to stop these obsessive thoughts and treat it. [PAR] Start the anxiety test here . [PAR] All Types of Anxiety Can Lead to Obsessive Thoughts [PAR] The idea of \"obsession\" is that you cannot focus on anything other than a specific issue (or a few issues), and no matter how hard you try you cannot distract yourself. Many people have these thoughts without anxiety disorders. For example, your first crush back in high school probably became an obsessive thought, since their affection was all you could think about. [PAR] But when these thoughts are negative or cause you anxiety/stress, then it's highly likely you have an anxiety disorder. Take my free 7 minute anxiety test and learn more about anxiety disorders and their treatments. [PAR] Obsessions from OCD [PAR] Obsessive thoughts are required for someone to be diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder. These obsessive thoughts are often violent, sexual, or fearful in nature. The thought may change depending on the situation (more on that in a moment), but once they've entered your mind, you'll often do anything you can to shake it. [PAR] Some examples of obsessive thoughts include: [PAR] Fear of getting sick. [PAR] Thinking about hurting a loved one or stranger. [PAR] Focusing on some type of aggressive sexual act (with someone you know or strangers). [PAR] Need for organization or symmetry. [PAR] Worry over little things (did I lock the door, etc.). [PAR] Notice that some of these are obviously far more negative than others. There are those that have unwanted fantasies about murder or rape, while others may simply constantly fear they haven't turned off the stove. But one thing they all have in common is that they cause significant distress, and once the thought enters a person's mind, it becomes impossible to shake without some type of action. [PAR] That's what causes compulsions. Compulsions are the action that the person completes in order to reduce this obsessive thought. When the person fears germs, they may need to wash their hands. When the person fears the door being closed, they may need to lock in 3 or more times to stop that fear. Those that fear something violent or sexual may develop any habit that appears to cause the thought to decrease. [PAR] It's crucial to remember that anxiety genuinely causes these negative thoughts and negative thinking. The way that anxiety alters your brain chemistry makes it very hard to focus on the positives or the future, and so it's not your fault that you can't distract yourself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] APHRODITE - Greek Goddess of Love ... - Theoi Greek Mythology APHRODITE - Greek Goddess of Love & Beauty (Roman Venus) [PAR] Aphrodite [PAR] Venus [PAR] Aphrodite riding goose, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., British Museum [PAR] APHRODITE was the Olympian goddess of love, beauty, pleasure and procreation. She was depicted as a beautiful woman often accompanied by the winged godling Eros (Love). Her attributes included a dove, apple, scallop shell and mirror. In classical sculpture and fresco she was usually depicted nude. [PAR] MYTHS [PAR] Some of the more famous myths featuring the goddess include:-- [PAR] Her birth from the sea foam. << More >> [PAR] Her adulterous affair with the god Ares. << More >> [PAR] Her love for Adonis, a handsome Cypriot youth who was tragically killed by a boar. << More >> [PAR] Her love for Ankhises (Anchises), a shepherd-prince. << More >> [PAR] The judgement of Paris in which the goddess was awarded the prize of the golden apple in return for promising Paris Helene in marriage. << More >> [PAR] The Trojan War in which she supported her favourites Paris and Aeneas and was wounded in the fighting. << More >> [PAR] The race of Hippomenes for Atalanta, which was won with the help of the goddess and her golden apples. << More >> [PAR] The death of Hippolytos, who was destroyed by the goddess for scorning her worship. << More >> [PAR] The statue of Pygmalion which was brought to life by Aphrodite in answer to his prayers. << More >> [PAR] The persecution of Psykhe (Psyche), the maiden loved by the goddess' son Eros. << More >> [PAR] Many other myths are detailed over the following pages. [PAR] APHRODITE PAGES ON THEOI.COM [PAR] This site contains a total of 18 pages describing the goddess Aphrodite, including general descriptions, mythology, and cult. The content is outlined in the Index of Aphrodite Pages (left column or below). [PAR] FAMILY OF APHRODITE [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1] Born from the castrated genitals of OURANOS in the sea's foam (Hesiod Theogony 188, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.21, Apuleius 6.6, Nonnus Dionysiaca 1.86, et al) [PAR] [2] ZEUS & DIONE (Homer Iliad 5.370; Euripides Helen 1098; Apollodorus 1.13, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.21, et al) [PAR] [3] OURANOS & HEMERA (Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.21) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] Aphrodite \"Venus de Milo\", Greek marble statue C2nd B.C., Mus\u00e9e du Louvre [PAR] APHRODI\u2032TE (Aphrodit\u00ea), one of the great Olympian divinities, was, according to the popular and poetical notions of the Greeks, the goddess of love and beauty. Some traditions stated that she had sprung from the foam (aphros) of the sea, which had gathered around the mutilated parts of Uranus, that had been thrown into the sea by Kronos after he had unmanned his father. (Hesiod. Theog. 190; compare Anadyomene.) With the exception of the Homeric hymn on Aphrodite there is no trace of this legend in Homer, and according to him Aphrodite is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. (Il. v. 370, &c., xx. 105.) Later traditions call her a daughter of Kronos and Euonyme, or of Uranus and Hemera. (Cic. De Nat. Deor. iii. 23; Natal. Com. iv. 13.) [PAR] According to Hesiod and the Homeric hymn on Aphrodite, the goddess after rising from the foam first approached the island of Cythera, and thence went to Cyprus, and as she was walking on the sea-coast flowers sprang up under her feet, and Eros and Himeros accompanied her to the assembly of the other great gods, all of whom were struck with admiration and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK minister resigns over \u2018morally indefensible\u2019 Gaza ... UK minister resigns over \u2018morally indefensible\u2019 Gaza policy \u2014 RT UK [PAR] Trends Israel-Gaza strikes Tags UK , Israel [PAR] She told her Twitter followers that she was leaving with \"deep regret\". She was previously chairman of the Conservative Party. [PAR] Lady Warsi became the first female Muslim cabinet minister when David Cameron took office in 2010. She was demoted from the cabinet to a middle-ranking FCO post in 2012 and became minister for faith and communities at the same time. [PAR] She tweeted on Tuesday morning: \"With deep regret I have this morning written to the Prime Minister & tendered my resignation. I can no longer support Govt policy on #Gaza.\" [PAR] With deep regret I have this morning written to the Prime Minister & tendered my resignation. I can no longer support Govt policy on #Gaza [PAR] \u2014 Sayeeda Warsi (@SayeedaWarsi) August 5, 2014 [PAR] She grew up in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, as one of five daughters of Pakistani immigrants. After studying at Leeds University she later worked for the Crown Prosecution Service before setting up her own legal practice. [PAR] In her resignation later she said the government's current stance on Gaza is \"morally indefensible, is not in Britain's national interest and will have a long term effect on our reputation internationally and domestically\". [PAR] Lady Warsi also claimed there is \"great unease\" in the Foreign Office over \"the way recent decisions are being made\". [PAR] A Downing Street spokesman said: \"The PM regrets that Baroness Warsi has decided to stand down and is grateful for the excellent work that she has done both as a minister and in opposition. [PAR] \"Our policy has always been consistently clear - the situation in Gaza is intolerable and we've urged both sides to agree to an immediate and unconditional ceasefire.\" [PAR] Chancellor George Osborne, however, called the resignation \"disappointing and frankly unnecessary\". [PAR] Speaking on LBC Radio, London Mayor Boris Johnson, said he had \"great respect\" for Lady Warsi, and hoped \"she will be back as soon as possible.\" [PAR] \u2014 RT UK (@RTTV_UK) August 5, 2014 [PAR] Israel launched Operation Protective Edge on 8 July, which to date has killed 1,800 Palestinians and 67 Israelis causing outcry across the globe. [PAR] Lady Warsi had called for action on Gaza via Twitter before her resignation. On 21 July, she Tweeted: \"The killing of innocent civilians must stop. Need immediate ceasefire in #Gaza. Leadership required on both sides to stop this suffering.\" [PAR] The killing of innocent civilians must stop. Need immediate ceasefire in #Gaza . Leadership required on both sides to stop this suffering [PAR] \u2014 Sayeeda Warsi (@SayeedaWarsi) July 21, 2014 [PAR] Three days later she added: \"Can people stop trying to justify the killing of children. Whatever our politics there can never be justification, surely only regret #Gaza.\" [PAR] Can people stop trying to justify the killing of children. Whatever our politics there can never be justification, surely only regret #Gaza [PAR] \u2014 Sayeeda Warsi (@SayeedaWarsi) July 24, 2014 [PAR] In her first interview since her resignation, Lady Warsi told the Huffington Post: \"The British government can only play a constructive role in solving the Middle East crisis if it is an honest broker, and at the moment I do not think it is.\" [PAR] \"As the minister for the International Criminal Court, I\u2019ve spent the last two and a half years helping to promote, support and fund the ICC. I felt I could not reconcile this with our continued pressure on the Palestinian leadership not to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Central South America: Central Brazil, into Bolivia and ... Central South America: Central Brazil, into Bolivia and Paraguay | Ecoregions | WWF [PAR] x Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands [PAR] Central South America: Central Brazil, into Bolivia and Paraguay [PAR] The largest savanna region in South America, this ecoregion also contains an amazing about of biodiversity. Located throughout Brazil Paraguay and Bolivia, over 10,400 species of vascular plants are found, fifty of which are endemic. Fauna diversity is very high also with 180 species of reptiles, 113 of amphibians, 837 of birds and 195 of mammals. Major efforts are needed to preserve what is one of the biologically richest savanna in the world, since only one percent of this ecoregion is protected and agriculture development continues to destroy habitat. [PAR] Scientific Code [PAR] Description [PAR] Location and General Description [PAR] Cerrado is the largest savanna region in South America and biologically the richest savanna in all the world. It encompasses Central Brazil (most of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Tocantins; western Minas Gerais and Bahia; southern Maranh\u00e3o and Piau\u00ed; all Goi\u00e1s and Distrito Federal; and small portions of S\u00e3o Paulo and Paran\u00e1), northeastern Paraguay and eastern Bolivia (Ab'Saber 1983). Because of its central position in South America, Cerrado has borders with the largest South American biomes: the Amazon basin (on north), Chaco and Pantanal (on west), Caatinga (on northeast), and Atlantic forest (on east and south). Several of the major South American rivers (e.g., S\u00e3o Francisco, Tocantins, Araguaia, Xingu, Paraguay) have their headwaters in Cerrado (Ab'Saber 1983). Most of the Cerrado is located on large blocks of crystalline or sedimentary plateaus, whose continuity is broken by an extensive network of peripheral depressions (Brasil & Alvarenga 1989). On plateaus ranging in elevation from 500 to 1,700 m, the landscape is dominated by cerrado vegetation, with narrow fringes of gallery forests along the rivers and streams (Eiten, 1990). On the depressions ranging in elevation from 100 to 500 m, different types of vegetation (broad gallery forest, tropical dry forests, all types of cerrado, and marshlands) are distributed in a mosaic fashion (Silva 1995). The cerrado vegetation covers around 95 percent of the ecoregion (Eiten 1990). It is a savanna-like vegetation that grows on nutrient-poor, often deep and well-drained soils (Furley & Ratter 1988). Throughout its range, cerrado vegetation varies much in physiognomy and composition, from an open field (\"campo limpo\") to a tall closed forest (\"cerrad\u00e3o\") (Ribeiro et al. 1983). The climate is tropical seasonal. The dry period, from May through September or October, coincides with the coldest months of the year (Nimer 1979). The average annual rainfall varies between 1,250 and 2,000 mm, and the average annual temperature ranges between 20\u00b0 and 26\u00b0 C (Nimer 1979). Cerrado harbors a very distinctive biota, with thousands of endemic species. Every single biogeography analysis in South America has pointed out cerrado as an important and distinctive area of endemism for different groups of organisms (Silva, 1995). [PAR] Biodiversity Features [PAR] The biodiversity of cerrado is extraordinary. For instance, for only three orders of insects (Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Isoptera) scientists have recorded 14,425 species, representing at least 47 percent of the species of those orders in Brazil (Cavalcanti 1999). Biodiversity of cerrado is comprised by at least 10,400 species of vascular plants, 780 of fishes, 180 of reptiles, 113 of amphibians, 837 of birds and 195 of mammals (Cavalcanti 1999). Most of these species are restricted to cerrado. The percentage of endemic species varies among taxonomic groups, from 4 percent in birds to 50 percent in vascular plants. Cerrado"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yom Kippur War - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Yom Kippur War - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] 1973 Yom Kippur War: Background [PAR] Israel\u2019s stunning victory in the Six-Day War of 1967 left the Jewish nation in control of territory four times its previous size. Egypt lost the 23,500-square-mile Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and Syria lost the strategic Golan Heights. When Anwar el-Sadat (1918-81) became president of Egypt in 1970, he found himself leader of an economically troubled nation that could ill afford to continue its endless crusade against Israel. He wanted to make peace and thereby achieve stability and recovery of the Sinai, but after Israel\u2019s 1967 victory it was unlikely that Israel\u2019s peace terms would be favorable to Egypt. So Sadat conceived of a daring plan to attack Israel again, which, even if unsuccessful, might convince the Israelis that peace with Egypt was necessary. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] On October 6, 1981, Anwar Sadat was assassinated by Muslim extremists in Cairo while viewing a military parade commemorating the anniversary of Egypt\u2019s crossing of the Suez Canal at the start of the Yom Kippur War. [PAR] In 1972, Sadat expelled 20,000 Soviet advisers from Egypt and opened new diplomatic channels with Washington , D.C., which, as Israel\u2019s key ally, would be an essential mediator in any future peace talks. He formed a new alliance with Syria, and a concerted attack on Israel was planned. [PAR] Yom Kippur War: October 1973 [PAR] When the fourth Arab-Israeli war began on October 6, 1973, many of Israel\u2019s soldiers were away from their posts observing Yom Kippur (or Day of Atonement), and the Arab armies made impressive advances with their up-to-date Soviet weaponry. Iraqi forces soon joined the war, and Syria received support from Jordan. After several days, Israel was fully mobilized, and the Israel Defense Forces began beating back the Arab gains at a heavy cost to soldiers and equipment. A U.S. airlift of arms aided Israel\u2019s cause, but President Richard Nixon (1913-94) delayed the emergency military aid for a week as a tacit signal of U.S. sympathy for Egypt. On October 25, an Egyptian-Israeli cease-fire was secured by the United Nations. [PAR] Yom Kippur War: Aftermath [PAR] Israel\u2019s victory came at the cost of heavy casualties, and Israelis criticized the government\u2019s lack of preparedness. In April 1974, the nation\u2019s prime minister, Golda Meir (1898-1978), stepped down. [PAR] Although Egypt had again suffered military defeat at the hands of its Jewish neighbor, the initial Egyptian successes greatly enhanced Sadat\u2019s prestige in the Middle East and gave him an opportunity to seek peace. In 1974, the first of two Egyptian-Israeli disengagement agreements providing for the return of portions of the Sinai to Egypt were signed, and in 1979 Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin (1913-92) signed the first peace agreement between Israel and one of its Arab neighbors. In 1982, Israel fulfilled the 1979 peace treaty by returning the last segment of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. [PAR] For Syria, the Yom Kippur War was a disaster. The unexpected Egyptian-Israeli cease-fire exposed Syria to military defeat, and Israel seized even more territory in the Golan Heights. In 1979, Syria voted with other Arab states to expel Egypt from the Arab League. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Antipyretics: mechanisms of action and clinical use in ... Antipyretics: mechanisms of action and clinical use in fever suppression. - PubMed - NCBI [PAR] Antipyretics: mechanisms of action and clinical use in fever suppression. [PAR] 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 23rd Avenue at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232-6603, USA. [PAR] Abstract [PAR] Fever is a complex physiologic response triggered by infectious or aseptic stimuli. Elevations in body temperature occur when concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) increase within certain areas of the brain. These elevations alter the firing rate of neurons that control thermoregulation in the hypothalamus. Although fever benefits the nonspecific immune response to invading microorganisms, it is also viewed as a source of discomfort and is commonly suppressed with antipyretic medication. Antipyretics such as aspirin have been widely used since the late 19th century, but the mechanisms by which they relieve fever have only been characterized in the last few decades. It is now clear that most antipyretics work by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase and reducing the levels of PGE(2) within the hypothalamus. Recently, other mechanisms of action for antipyretic drugs have been suggested, including their ability to reduce proinflammatory mediators, enhance anti-inflammatory signals at sites of injury, or boost antipyretic messages within the brain. Although the complex biologic actions of antipyretic agents are better understood, the indications for their clinical use are less clear. They may not be indicated for all febrile conditions because some paradoxically contribute to patient discomfort, interfere with accurately assessing patients receiving antimicrobials, or predispose patients to adverse effects from other medications. The development of more selective fever-relieving agents and their prudent use with attention to possible untoward consequences are important to the future quality of clinical medicine. [PAR] PMID:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Jane Eyre: Character List SparkNotes: Jane Eyre: Character List [PAR] Character List [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Jane Eyre - The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Jane is an intelligent, honest, plain-featured young girl forced to contend with oppression, inequality, and hardship. Although she meets with a series of individuals who threaten her autonomy, Jane repeatedly succeeds at asserting herself and maintains her principles of justice, human dignity, and morality. She also values intellectual and emotional fulfillment. Her strong belief in gender and social equality challenges the Victorian prejudices against women and the poor. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Jane Eyre. [PAR] Edward Rochester - Jane\u2019s employer and the master of Thornfield, Rochester is a wealthy, passionate man with a dark secret that provides much of the novel\u2019s suspense. Rochester is unconventional, ready to set aside polite manners, propriety, and consideration of social class in order to interact with Jane frankly and directly. He is rash and impetuous and has spent much of his adult life roaming about Europe in an attempt to avoid the consequences of his youthful indiscretions. His problems are partly the result of his own recklessness, but he is a sympathetic figure because he has suffered for so long as a result of his early marriage to Bertha. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Edward Rochester. [PAR] St. John Rivers - Along with his sisters, Mary and Diana, St. John (pronounced \u201cSinjin\u201d) serves as Jane\u2019s benefactor after she runs away from Thornfield, giving her food and shelter. The minister at Morton, St. John is cold, reserved, and often controlling in his interactions with others. Because he is entirely alienated from his feelings and devoted solely to an austere ambition, St. John serves as a foil to Edward Rochester. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of St. John Rivers. [PAR] Mrs. Reed - Mrs. Reed is Jane\u2019s cruel aunt, who raises her at Gateshead Hall until Jane is sent away to school at age ten. Later in her life, Jane attempts reconciliation with her aunt, but the old woman continues to resent her because her husband had always loved Jane more than his own children. [PAR] Bessie Lee - The maid at Gateshead, Bessie is the only figure in Jane\u2019s childhood who regularly treats her kindly, telling her stories and singing her songs. Bessie later marries Robert Leaven, the Reeds\u2019 coachman. [PAR] Mr. Lloyd - Mr. Lloyd is the Reeds\u2019 apothecary, who suggests that Jane be sent away to school. Always kind to Jane, Mr. Lloyd writes a letter to Miss Temple confirming Jane\u2019s story about her childhood and clearing Jane of Mrs. Reed\u2019s charge that she is a liar. [PAR] Georgiana Reed - Georgiana Reed is Jane\u2019s cousin and one of Mrs. Reed\u2019s two daughters. The beautiful Georgiana treats Jane cruelly when they are children, but later in their lives she befriends her cousin and confides in her. Georgiana attempts to elope with a man named Lord Edwin Vere, but her sister, Eliza, alerts Mrs. Reed of the arrangement and sabotages the plan. After Mrs. Reed dies, Georgiana marries a wealthy man. [PAR] Eliza Reed - Eliza Reed is Jane\u2019s cousin and one of Mrs. Reed\u2019s two daughters (along with her sister, Georgiana). Not as beautiful as her sister, Eliza devotes herself somewhat self-righteously to the church and eventually goes to a convent in France where she becomes the Mother Superior. [PAR] John Reed - John Reed is Jane\u2019s cousin, Mrs. Reed\u2019s son, and brother to Eliza and Georgiana. John treats Jane with appalling cruelty during their childhood"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phone Keyboard - Press Number keys to produce Numbers Phone Keyboard uses 12 Keys to Type-Tap, Text Message Faster [PAR] Internet Access, Text Messaging and Alphanumeric Paging from any Phone in the World [PAR] Press [*] key to enter Upper-Case Alphabet Mode: [PAR] 1) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] 2) Sequential Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 3) Sequential Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 4) Simultaneous Key Presses [PAR] 5) Simultaneous Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 6) Simultaneous Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] Press [*] key 2 times to enter Shiftable Alphabet Mode: [PAR] 7) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] 8) Sequential Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 9) Sequential Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 10) Simultaneous Key Presses [PAR] 11) Simultaneous Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 12) Simultaneous Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] Press [*] key 3 times to enter Multi-Tap Mode: [PAR] 13) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] Any 12 key telephone keypad ca be used as a computer terminal keyboard. The speed and efficiency of the Phone Keyboard is faster and easier than all previous data entry methods using any phone or any twelve sensor keypad. All data entered on any standard computer keyboard can be entered using any 12 key phone keypad. A demonstration of the working invention is found on PhoneKeyboard.com . [PAR] The Phone Keyboard uses the phone in the same standard way. Pressing the desired number keys [1] through [9] and a [0] still produces the numbers 1 - 9 and 0. Pressing the left asterisk [*] key once exits the standard number mode and enters a 2 key Alphabet Mode. Letters are produced in the Alphabet Mode by pressing the desired letter on a number key [1] through [9], followed by one of three position keys: the \"left\" asterisk [*] key for the left letter, the \"middle\" zero [0] key for the middle letter or the \"right\" pound [#] key for the right letter. The [2] key has the letters \"A\", \"B\" and \"C\" located on it. The left \"A\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the left asterisk [*] key. The middle \"B\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the middle zero [0] key. The right \"C\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the right pound [#] key. The phone code uses the \"Q\", \"space\" and \"Z\" located on the [1] key or the \"Q - Z\" on the [1]. The space can be produced by pressing the [1] key by itself or the middle zero [0] key while in the alphabet mode. Pressing the right pound [#] key followed by the zero [0] key exits the alphabet mode and re-enters the number mode. [PAR] Pressing the left asterisk [*] key 2 times exits the standard number mode and enters a Shiftable Alphabet Mode. Letters are produced in the Shiftable Alphabet Mode by pressing the desired letter on a number key [1] through [9], followed by one of three position keys: the \"left\" asterisk [*] key for the left letter, the \"middle\" zero [0] key for the middle letter or the \"right\" pound [#] key for the right letter. The [2] key has the letters \"A\", \"B\" and \"C\" located on it. The left \"a\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the left asterisk [*] key. Pressing the left asterisk [*] key twice produces the capital \"A\". The middle \"b\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the middle zero [0] key. Pressing the middle zero [0] key twice produces the capital \"B\". The right \"c\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the right pound"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - British History in depth: The Glorious ... BBC - History - British History in depth: The Glorious Revolution [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Fear of Catholic tyranny [PAR] The Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 replaced the reigning king, James II, with the joint monarchy of his protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange. It was the keystone of the Whig (those opposed to a Catholic succession) history of Britain. [PAR] According to the Whig account, the events of the revolution were bloodless and the revolution settlement established the supremacy of parliament over the crown, setting Britain on the path towards constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. [PAR] But it ignores the extent to which the events of 1688 constituted a foreign invasion of England by another European power, the Dutch Republic. [PAR] Although bloodshed in England was limited, the revolution was only secured in Ireland and Scotland by force and with much loss of life. [PAR] England would become merely a satellite state, under the control of an all-powerful Catholic monarch. [PAR] Moreover, the British causes of the revolution were as much religious as political. Indeed, the immediate constitutional impact of the revolution settlement was minimal. Nonetheless, over the course of the reign of William III (1689-1702) society underwent significant and long-lasting changes. [PAR] To understand why James II\u2019s most powerful subjects eventually rose up in revolt against him we need to understand the deep-seated fear of 'popery' in Stuart England. [PAR] 'Popery' meant more than just a fear or hatred of Catholics and the Catholic church. It reflected a widely-held belief in an elaborate conspiracy theory, that Catholics were actively plotting the overthrow of church and state. [PAR] In their place would be established a Catholic tyranny, with England becoming merely a satellite state, under the control of an all-powerful Catholic monarch, (in the era of the Glorious Revolution, identified with Louis XIV of France). This conspiracy theory was given credibility by the existence of some genuine catholic subterfuge, most notably the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. [PAR] A new crisis of \u2018popery and arbitrary government' erupted in the late 1670s. [PAR] Public anxieties were raised by the issue of the royal succession. Charles II fathered no legitimate offspring. This meant that the crown would pass to his brother, James, Duke of York, whose conversion to Catholicism had become public knowledge in 1673. [PAR] Public concern about the succession reached fever pitch in the years 1678-1681. The so-called \u2018exclusion crisis\u2019 was provoked by allegations made by Titus Oates, a former Jesuit novice, of a popish plot to assassinate Charles II and place his brother on the throne. The fantastical plot was given credibility by the mysterious death of Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey, the magistrate who first investigated Oates\u2019 claims. [PAR] Whig politicians within parliament, led by the earl of Shaftesbury, promoted exclusion bills which would have prevented James from succeeding to the throne. [PAR] But the radical tactics deployed by the king\u2019s opponents, including mass petitions and demonstrations, gradually alienated some initial supporters of exclusion. [PAR] Charles\u2019s hand was strengthened further by an agreement with France reached in March 1681, by which the king received \u00a3385,000 over three years. [PAR] With this financial support, and with public opinion turning against his critics, Charles was able to dissolve parliament on 28 March 1681. [PAR] Top [PAR] Rebellion and revolt [PAR] James II \u00a9 James II\u2019s authority appeared to be secure when he succeeded to the throne in February 1685. [PAR] The king\u2019s initial promises to defend the existing government in church and state reassured"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gravestone Symbolism - Grave Addiction Gravestone Symbolism [PAR] Gravestone Symbolism [PAR] This is a list of symbols I have seen on gravestones while cemetery exploring. More symbols and explanations will be added over time. [PAR] Please note - all the photos below were taken by me. If you'd like to know which cemetery they were taken at, please e-mail me . [PAR] [PAR] Represents the Lamb of God. [PAR] Alpha and Omega [PAR] First and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Symbolizes the beginning and the end. [PAR] American Legion [PAR] Found on graves of people who were American Legion members, an organization for veterans. [PAR] Anchor [PAR] Hope or eternal life. Often on sailors' graves. Anchors are also a Masonic symbol for well-grounded hope, therefore they are often found on Masons' graves. [PAR] Angel [PAR] Saint Matthew, one of the four evangelists, was often represented as a winged man. [PAR] Ankh [PAR] An Egyptian symbol of eternal life. [PAR] Anvil [PAR] Symbolizes the creation or forging of the universe. Also found on blacksmiths' graves. [PAR] A.O.U.W. [PAR] Ancient Order of United Workmen, a fraternal benefit society. Click here for more information (offsite link). [PAR] Apple [PAR] Apples represent salvation, sometimes sin. [PAR] A.R. [PAR] Arbeiter Ring, an American Jewish fraternal organization committed to social justice. Later became the Workmen's Circle. [PAR] Arch [PAR] Arrows symbolize mortality and martyrdom. [PAR] Artillery [PAR] Artillery, such as cannons, on a gravestone usually represents military service. [PAR] Baha'i [PAR] Symbol of the Baha'i Faith, a monotheistic religion. For more information, please visit their official website . [PAR] Beehive [PAR] Often used by the Freemasons and Independent Order of Odd Fellows. It symbolizes human industry, faith, education, and domestic virtues. [PAR] Bell [PAR] Often symbolizes a church bell, and therefore religion. [PAR] Bible or Book [PAR] Often used on the gravestones of ministers or clergymen. However, it is sometimes found on gravestones of very devoted religious people also. Books may also represent a person's good deeds and accomplishments being recorded in the book of life. [PAR] Bird [PAR] Peace, messenger of God. The most common birds found on gravestones are doves. [PAR] Bones [PAR] A voyage; crossing over to the other side. [PAR] B.P.O.E. with Elk [PAR] B.P.O.E. stands for Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, a fraternal organization. [PAR] Broken Bud or Branch [PAR] Someone who died an untimely or premature death. Usually seen on a younger person's gravestone. [PAR] Broken Chain Link [PAR] Symbolizes a loss in the family. [PAR] Broken Wheel [PAR] Symbolizes the end of life; a break in the circle or wheel of life. [PAR] BRT with a Train [PAR] Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. A fraternal organization for men who worked as trainmen. [PAR] Butterfly [PAR] Symbolizes resurrection, and also the soul leaving the body/flesh. [PAR] Calla Lily [PAR] Flower that represents beauty. [PAR] The Canadian Legion of British Empire Service League [PAR] A Canadian organization formed in the 1920's for war veterans and their dependants. Usually seen with a maple leaf. [PAR] Century Plant [PAR] Eternal life - no beginning, no end. [PAR] Clasped Hands [PAR] Farewell to earthly existence. Also unity. Often used as a Masonic and I.O.O.F. symbol. Deborah, a website visitor, told me that in the Native American culture clasped hands represent a Delaware grave. [PAR] Clock [PAR] Mortality, death; the passage of time. [PAR] Coffin [PAR] Symbolizes mortality and death. [PAR] Cohanim Hands [PAR] Hands with thumbs (and sometimes forefingers) joined. This is a Jewish symbol that represents members of the priestly tribe of Aaron. [PAR] Colonial Daughters of the 17th Century [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to play croquet (including rules) - Wood Mallets How to play croquet (including rules) [PAR] How to play croquet [PAR] Downloadable version [PAR] Download a brief printable version of the Official Rules of Garden and Golf Croquet rules. - 4 pages. (print on one A4 sheet in colour, actual size, 2 sided) [PAR] Download the printable version on how to play croquet (includes rules).- 26 pages. [PAR] The US Croquet Association has created a different edition of the game which uses nine wickets in a double diamond formation. These can be downloaded at: http://www.croquetamerica.com/croquet/rules/ninewicket/index.php [PAR] A brief history of croquet [PAR] A game in which balls were knocked round a course of hoops was played in medieval France. A variation of the game known as \"Paille Maille\" was played in a field near St James Palace in the sixteenth century, which later became known as Pall Mall. The modern game appears to have started in England in the 1850s and quickly became popular. The Wimbledon All England Croquet Club was founded in 1868 and the National Championships were held there for a number of years until the croquet lawns were transformed into the tennis courts of today. This probably accounts for the fact that the size of a tennis court is exactly half that of a croquet lawn. Croquet was, and still is, one of a few outdoor sports in which ladies can compete on an equal footing with men. [PAR] Today Croquet is played all over the World with international tournaments being held annually in several countries. Variants of the game are also played in Egypt and Japan. It is encouraging that an increasing number of young players are participating in the game at all levels. [PAR] In the USA, three forms of the game are played, International Association Croquet, American Six Wicket Croquet and American Nine Wicket Croquet. All of these may use the same lawns and equipment except that Nine Wicket Croquet requires 9 hoops, known as wickets, and two pegs, or stakes. Golf Croquet, which is a greatly simplified version of Association Croquet, is also played in many countries, and has a large following. [PAR] The purpose of this booklet is to help beginners to learn the basic techniques and rules of the four variations of the game. [PAR] Association croquet [PAR] The court [PAR] A full size croquet lawn measures 35 yards (32m.) by 28 yards (26.6m.). The boundary may be marked by corner pegs and/or flags. An imaginary YARD LINE extends round the perimeter one yard in from the boundary. The four outer hoops are positioned seven yards in from the side and end lines. The CENTRE PEG is placed in the centre of the lawn, with the remaining two hoops seven yards from it on either side along the centre line. Imaginary BAULK LINES extend along the yard lines from corner 1 and corner lll to the centre. Play starts from either baulk line. The course and direction of play is shown on the diagram. Smaller courts may be used, and for home croquet even lawns with some fixed obstructions can make for interesting and challenging games. [PAR] Equipment [PAR] Centre Peg. 1 1/2 inches in diameter and 18 inches above the ground. A small removable dowel may be inserted in the top to take clips. [PAR] Hoops (6). Internal diameter 3 3/4 inches, height 12 inches above ground and painted white. The first hoop (No. 1) has a blue top, and the last hoop (the Rover) has a red top. [PAR] Balls.(4) Coloured Blue, black, red and yellow. Diameter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Elizabeth Cellier, 17th-century ... Learn and talk about Elizabeth Cellier, 17th-century English writers, 17th-century Roman Catholics, Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism, English midwives [PAR] Life[ edit ] [PAR] Elizabeth Cellier was a noted London midwife, who came into prominence through the pretended \"Meal-Tub Plot\" of 1680. Nothing seems known of her life until her marriage with Peter Cellier, a Frenchman, and her conversion from Anglicanism. [1] [PAR] In 1678 the prisons were filled with Catholics in consequence of the national alarm caused by the fabricated plots of Titus Oates . Mrs. Cellier's charity led her to visit and relieve these prisoners, and as her profession procured for her the acquaintance of many leading Catholic ladies, she often became the channel of their charity towards the prisoners. Among these ladies was the Countess of Powis , whose kindness was shown to, among others, a clever imposter, Thomas Dangerfield . Becoming aware of this man's true character, Lady Powis ceased to assist him further, and he, in revenge, decided to denounce her to the government as concerned in a new Popish Plot . [1] [PAR] Dangerfield's story was that he had been released from prison through the good offices of Lady Powis and Mrs. Cellier on condition that he assassinate the king, Lord Shaftesbury, and others. He further pretended that he was to be engaged in manufacturing false plots to be foisted on those who were known to be unfavourable to the Catholic cause. One of these shams was to be based on a document which, he alleged, was hidden in a meal-tub in Mrs. Cellier's house. A search was made, and the paper in question was found in a meal-tub. It charged with treason most of the leading Protestants, including the king's natural son, the Duke of Monmouth , the Earl of Shaftesbury , and Sir Thomas Waller , who was the very official charged with the search. Lady Powis and Mrs. Cellier were arrested, as were some other Catholics, among them the Earl of Castlemaine . [1] [PAR] Mrs. Cellier's trial took place on 11 June 1680. She was charged with high treason, but practically the only evidence against her was that of Dangerfield himself, and she had little difficulty in proving him a witness entirely unworthy of credence. She was found not guilty, and Dangerfield himself was arrested on account of a felony, for which he had been previously outlawed. After her acquittal, she published a brief relation of the whole affair, under the title of \"Malice Defeated\" in 1680. Dangerfield, while undergoing a public whipping in 1685, was accidentally killed in a scuffle with a barrister, Robert Francis. [PAR] The publication of Malice Defeated led not only to a long series of pamphlets for and against her, but also to her second prosecution. The charge this time was that of libel against the king and ministry, because she alleged that two witnesses in the Edmund Berry Godfrey case had been tortured. The real object of this prosecution, according to Roger North , was to prevent her from giving evidence in favour of the imprisoned Catholic peers. For this, she was sentenced to pay a fine of \u00a31,000 and to stand three times in the pillory . [1] [PAR] During the reign of James II , she proposed the foundation of a corporation of skilled midwives and a foundling hospital . The fees would be used to set up parish houses where any woman could give birth. It is stated that she is buried in Great Missenden Church, Buckinghamshire . [1] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aries Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs - Article by Astrology.com Aries Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs - Article by Astrology.com [PAR] Aries Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs [PAR] by Astrology.com November 20, 2009 03:22 PM EST [PAR] Share [PAR] Share [PAR] Share [PAR] Aries is the first sign of the zodiac, and that's pretty much how those born under this sign see themselves: first. Aries are the leaders of the pack, first in line to get things going. Whether or not everything gets done is another question altogether, for an Aries prefers to initiate rather than to complete. Do you have a project needing a kick-start? Call an Aries, by all means. The leadership displayed by Aries is most impressive, so don't be surprised if they can rally the troops against seemingly insurmountable odds -- they have that kind of personal magnetism. An Aries won't shy away from new ground, either. Those born under this sign are often called the pioneers of the zodiac, and it's their fearless trek into the unknown that often wins the day. Aries is a bundle of energy and dynamism, kind of like a Pied Piper, leading people along with its charm and charisma. The dawning of a new day -- and all of its possibilities -- is pure bliss to an Aries. [PAR] The symbol of Aries is the Ram, and that's both good and bad news. Impulsive Aries might be tempted to ram their ideas down everyone's throats without even bothering to ask if they want to know. It's these times when you may wish Aries' symbol were a more subdued creature, more lamb than ram perhaps. You're not likely to convince the Ram to soften up; these folks are blunt and to the point. Along with those qualities comes the sheer force of the Aries nature, a force that can actually accomplish a great deal. Much of Aries' drive to compete and to win comes from its Cardinal Quality. Cardinal Signs love to get things going, and Aries exemplifies this even better than Cancer, Libra or Capricorn. [PAR] Aries is ruled by Mars. Taking a peek at Roman mythology, we find that Mars was the God of War. Our man Mars was unafraid to do battle, and much the same can be said for Aries. These folks are bold, aggressive and courageous. They can summon up the inner strength required to take on most anyone, and they'll probably win. Aries do not lack energy or vitality, and they can stay in the game longer than most anyone else. Now that's a winning edge. Rams are also, for the most part, independent and well aware of their own interests in a given situation. This sometimes myopic view may not be for everyone, but it does help Aries get things going. Further, their competitive natures ensure that they will play the game with zeal and vigor. At times, their approach may be construed as arrogant and domineering, but it takes a lot of focus to be a leader (or so an Aries would say). Sadly, Aries won't usually be around for the final victory (defeat? never). These folks will more than likely have bolted to the next project before the first one is done. [PAR] The element associated with Aries is Fire. Think action, enthusiasm and a burning desire to play the game. Aries love physicality, so they won't sit on the sidelines for long, if at all. They'll jump into the fray full force and will contribute much in the process. Talk about eager beavers! Sure, some of their decisions may"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cordwainer | Define Cordwainer at Dictionary.com Cordwainer | Define Cordwainer at Dictionary.com [PAR] cordwainer [PAR] a person who makes shoes from cordovan leather. [PAR] 2. [PAR] 1150-1200; Middle English cordewaner < Old French cordewan(i)er. See cordwain , -er 2 [PAR] Related forms [PAR] Examples from the Web for cordwainer [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] I was an apprentice to a cordwainer, but my indentures were given up before I left England, sir. [PAR] Edmund was sent to Concord and became a cordwainer or shoemaker. [PAR] Ben Comee M. J. (Michael Joseph) Canavan [PAR] \"Both equally necessary members of the body corporate,\" said Henry, whose father had been a cordwainer. [PAR] From John O'Groats to Land's End Robert Naylor and John Naylor [PAR] cordwainer was the old name for \"shoemaker,\" and is still kept in the names of shoemakers' guilds and societies. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for cordwainer [PAR] Expand [PAR] (archaic) a shoemaker or worker in cordovan leather [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for cordwainer [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] \"shoemaker, leatherworker,\" c.1100, from Anglo-French cordewaner, from Old French cordoan \"(leather) of Cordova,\" the town in Spain whose leather was favored by the upper class for shoes. Cf. cordovan , a later borrowing directly from Spanish. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Simon Hoggart's sketch: Chingford skinhead, Prince of ... Simon Hoggart's sketch: Chingford skinhead, Prince of Darkness, smiley old gent | Politics | The Guardian [PAR] Simon Hoggart's sketch [PAR] Iain Duncan Smith campaigning in Chingford and Woodford Green with his precessor Lord Tebbit. Photograph: Sean Smith [PAR] Monday 2 May 2005 05.46 EDT [PAR] First published on Monday 2 May 2005 05.46 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The Prince of Darkness arrived back in Chingford. For one of Satan's most senior satraps, he looked surprisingly amiable: white haired and smiling, like a department store Santa who's decided to lose weight during the off-season. He is still in pain from the Brighton bomb in 1984, but he concentrates his energies on his wife, Margaret, who will always be in a wheelchair. \"I'm trying to get a platform fitted to the back, so I can ride postilion for her.\" [PAR] But I always thought Norman Tebbit's image as a snarling polecat - the \"Chingford skinhead\" as somebody called him - was largely defensive. \"It's not me you don't like,\" he seemed to be saying, \"it's this image I've constructed.\" [PAR] And indeed, in this seat which he represented until 1992 when Iain Duncan Smith took over, he seems to be liked and even loved. Mothers ushered their children to be photographed with him, though he can't resist the occasional snarl. Putting his arms round three children while their mother fiddles with the camera, he says: \"Course, if I were a schoolteacher, I'd be nicked for having my hands on them.\" [PAR] It's true that some people veered away as we approached, though the only harsh words came from a Labour canvasser: \"I remember you from years ago. Oh mah gawd!\" said with the air of one who has accidentally bitten into a toad sandwich. [PAR] Tebbit was touring the constituency with Duncan Smith, who's defending a safe majority. It's a lower middle-class area, which elsewhere would have gone Labour in the landslides. North-east London stayed loyal to the Tories, possibly because these are aspirational people, glad to get out of the slums. The Kray family are buried in the cemetery, to the annoyance of residents, since they didn't live here. But like many East Enders, they presumably felt that Chingford was a nice place to end up. [PAR] The northern part of the seat was the last place Churchill represented; Lawrence of Arabia had a sort of holiday hut here. Immigration is an issue, but mainly they mean British people in social housing. [PAR] A woman approaches IDS and says it's a pity he was prime minister for such a short time. \"Hold that thought!\" he replies cheerily. [PAR] Meanwhile, Tebbit is on to Europe; a very good thing in some ways, he thinks, bringing free trade and lower pollution. We do need to get our fisheries back, and control over our borders. But the bureaucracy ...\"They've been debating for two years who to put on a carton of yoghurt.\" [PAR] Even immigrants seem to like him. He chats to Mladen Jovcic, who came here from Serbia after the war. \"He's as British as I am!\" says Tebbit slapping him on the back, though to be fair Mr Jovcic is a Tory councillor. [PAR] But other new arrivals get the glad hand too. A shy black girl is glad the Tories have opposed the clauses against religious defamation. (\"She'll be an evangelical Christian,\" says Duncan Smith. \"They're fighting the Muslims for Afro-Caribbean members and are afraid the new law might stop them.\") Two Muslims are grateful for"
    },
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red-billed Quelea (Birds ) - what-when-how \u2014 In Depth ... Red-billed Quelea (Birds) [PAR] In Depth Tutorials and Information [PAR] Red-billed Quelea (Birds) [PAR] Quelea quelea [PAR] KEY FEATURES [PAR] African relative of the sparrow, the quelea feeds and breeds in vast colonies over a million strong Descending on cultivated crops to feed, these huge flocks can devastate farmland Although vigorously persecuted as a pest, it has survived everything that people can throw at it [PAR] WHERE IN THE WORLD! [PAR] Ranges across open grassland south of the Sahara, through East Africa and into southern Africa; absent from North Africa and equatorial forests [PAR] Lifecycle [PAR] There is almost no such thing as a single red-billed quelea. The flock travels, feeds, roosts and breeds together in one of nature\u2019s most remarkable examples of community. [PAR] HABITAT [PAR] A Birds of a feather\u2026 sometimes called the \u201cavian locust,\u201d the quelea flocks over arable land and watering holes. [PAR] The quelea ranges in vast flocks over the grasslands and savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa. It\u2019s at home anywhere there are seeds to eat and trees to provide roosts. It can be found over a vast area of the continent. Although these conditions exclude the dense, equatorial forest belt and semidesert, such as found on the Horn of Africa, the quelea is flexible enough to thrive in humid swampland and dry, acacia-dotted savannah. [PAR] With large habitat areas being turned over to agriculture, the quelea is being forced to spend more time on arable land. [PAR] One tree occupied by breeding queleas had 6,000 nests. [PAR] The total population of the red-billed quelea is estimated at one billion. [PAR] A feeding quelea\u2019s crop can become so distended, its contents can be identified through the stretched skin. [PAR] One quelea flock had more than 80 million birds. [PAR] BREEDING [PAR] The red-billed quelea breeds in dense colonies. Thousands of pairs rear their young in trees thick with nests. With the onset of the breeding season, the male, in his bright mating plumage, begins building a roughly spherical nest. When half-constructed, he stops work and starts advertising his skills and charms. If a female likes the look of him and his nest, they mate, and he completes the structure. [PAR] Both parents feed the brood insects and succulent larvae \u2014 a diet that ensures a rich supply of protein and vitamins for the fast-developing young. At 2 weeks old, the young are fledged and ready to leave the nest; two weeks after that they are independent. [PAR] BEHAVIOR [PAR] Compulsively social, the quelea lives in flocks that can have tens of millions of individuals and darken the sky like a pall of smoke. Wheeling and swirling, the flock-moves together in perfect synchrony like a shoal of fish, billowing across the landscape with a roar of wingbeats. A flock feeding on the ground becomes a sea of tiny, feathered bodies. [PAR] Early in the morning, the flock sets out to find food, settling down to feed before it gets too hot. After a midday break in the shade, the birds feed again, and then retreat to roost in trees at dusk. A flock may travel 36 miles or more in a day, moving to new sites several times if food is not plentiful. The quelea does not always live in vast numbers everywhere. Where food is scarce, flocks are much smaller. [PAR] One in a million A tightly packed flock is a good defense against hawks and other aerial predators. [PAR] A Show house Nest-building is vital to the quelea\u2019s mating display. [PAR] CONSERVATION [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Gran Canaria And The Canary Islands Are Worth A Visit Why Gran Canaria And The Canary Islands Are Worth A Visit | The Huffington Post [PAR] Why Gran Canaria And The Canary Islands Are Worth A Visit [PAR] 04/20/2012 08:53 am ET | Updated Apr 20, 2012 [PAR] The following is an excerpt from the new book Going Local in Gran Canaria: How to Turn a Holiday Destination into a Home by Matthew Hirtes, out now from Summertime Publishing. [PAR] Think Gran Canaria, think skyscraper hotels an eyesore '70s \"entertainment\" complexes. Think again. From the ruggedly charming (in other words, warts-and-all) north coast, dotted with natural swimming pools, to the verdant and mountainous interior, Gran Canaria's so much more than your bog-standard package-tour destination. Peel back its veneer, and there's a whole new world to discover. Which possibly explains why many of its more than 2 million annual visitors decide to return, some even to stay. [PAR] African in terms of geography but Spanish politically speaking, you'll find Gran Canaria in the Atlantic Ocean, 130 miles off the coast of Africa. Cadiz, the nearest port on the Iberian peninsula, lies 777 miles away. The third largest, despite its name, of the Canaries, the island's sandwiched between Tenerife in the west and Fuerteventura in the east. Las Palmas, located on the northeast tip of Gran Canaria, is its capital. [PAR] Located in the heart of the Canarian Archipelago, Gran Canaria's as round as a ball. And just as bouncy, with its inhabitants a particularly vivacious bunch. It may not be the largest island in the Canaries but it houses almost half the population. [PAR] As any hot-spot theorist will tell you, the tectonic-plate splitting of South America from Africa formed the Canary Islands. A mantle plume expelled molten rock to the surface. Gran Canaria's origins date back 15 million years, but it wasn't until another million had elapsed before anything happened above sea level. [PAR] The Moors once ruled mainland Spain, but the North African influence is as keenly felt on Canarian soil. Not least because of the shortish stretch of water separating the orphan Canaries from Mother Africa. They even import sand from the Sahara to furnish the dunes of Maspalomas, the jewel in the crown of Gran Canaria's beaches. [PAR] There are more than 80 beaches on the islands. Chances are your average tourists will visit just two, Playa del Ingles and the neighboring Maspalomas. Whilst this pretty pair is not without its merits, the two are just the tip of, to extend the analogy even further, a whole north pole of icebergs. [PAR] Away from the main resorts, you'll find delights such as Sardina del Norte. When I heard an estate agent trumpeting this area as a \"zone of great potential,\" I thought to myself, Oh, leave it alone, it's perfect. An environmentalist acquaintance of mine, Cuco, is also worried about Sardina. He claims its tiny beach is unable to sustain the number of people who go there. And considering that these are almost exclusively Canarians from the north of the island, I feel slightly guilty even mentioning its name. [PAR] So, just as there's little grotty about neighboring Lanzarote, Gran Canaria's not just an 18-30 mecca. Instead, to borrow a line from celebrated author Julia Donaldson, it's a land \"with fiery mountains and golden sands.\" One which caters for outdoorsy types with a surfeit of cycling, hiking and mountain-climbing options. [PAR] Indeed, traveling to the center of the island will fool any sat-nav into identifying you location as Asia with the mountains resembling a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Christmas Trees at our farm | McFee's Christmas ... Types of Christmas Trees at our farm | McFee's Christmas Tree Farm [PAR] McFee's Christmas Tree Farm [PAR] Our Trees [PAR] Grand Fir [PAR] Grand Fir Christmas trees have a vibrant emerald green needle with a silvery underside. The silver underside of Grand Fir needles have two lines of stomatal bloom which reflect light creating a sparkling display. The glossy Grand Fir needles fan out in a single plane on either side of the branch giving the tree an elegant appearance. While similar in appearance to Balsam Fir from the Eastern United States, which historically did not perform well, Western Grand Fir seed sources come from northern Idaho. These seed sources have dramatically improved needle retention and in home performance during the Christmas season. [PAR] Noble Fir [PAR] The Noble Fir grows slowly into a Christmas tree with great spacing between it\u2019s strong branches which is the perfect combination for those with many heavy or large ornaments. Their needles are deep green and a little prickly to the touch. Nobles are also known for their excellent needle retention making it a great choice for those who enjoy their Christmas tree all December long. [PAR] Douglas Fir [PAR] The Douglas Fir is your classic, traditional Christmas tree that has been the favourite since the 1920\u2032s. It has soft, dark green needles and branches that are closely bunched which release a mellow fragrance. Ensure your Douglas Fir has a constant supply of water for good needle retention. [PAR] Fraser Fir [PAR] The Fraser Fir is quite similar to the Noble fir with great spacing and strong branches for ornaments. Frasers have excellent needle retention as well. The most noticeable difference between the Noble and the Fraser fir is how the Fraser\u2019s strong branches are turned upward. Their needles are silvery-green and soft making it a delight to decorate."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rockhopper Penguins, Rockhopper Penguin Pictures ... Rockhopper Penguins, Rockhopper Penguin Pictures, Rockhopper Penguin Facts -- National Geographic [PAR] Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man [PAR] Please add a \"relative\" entry to your dictionary. [PAR] Rockhopper penguins are distinguished by the irreverent crest of spiky yellow and black feathers that adorns their head. [PAR] Biologists left little ambiguity about this species\u2019 preferred habitat when assigning its name. Rockhoppers are found bounding\u2014rather than waddling, as most other penguins do\u2014among the craggy, windswept shorelines of the islands north of Antarctica, from Chile to New Zealand. [PAR] These gregarious marine birds are among the world's smallest penguins, standing about 20 inches (50 centimeters) tall. They have blood-red eyes, a red-orange beak, and pink webbed feet. [PAR] During annual breeding times, rockhoppers gather in vast, noisy colonies, often numbering in the hundreds of thousands, to construct burrows in the tall tussock grasses near shore. They return to the same breeding ground, and often to the same nest, each year, and usually seek out their previous year's mate. [PAR] Both parents take turns incubating the eggs, aggressively pecking at anything, big or small, that may stray too close. [PAR] Rockhoppers ply the frigid waters of their range using strong, narrow, flipper-like wings for propulsion. They usually stick to the shallows, but are capable of diving up to 330 feet (100 meters) in pursuit of fish, crustaceans, squid, and krill. [PAR] These penguins are among the most numerous on the planet, but their population is in rapid decline. Colonies on the Falkland Islands were once the largest anywhere, but commercial overfishing, pollution, and other factors have cut the penguins' numbers by 90 percent. Breeding colonies on other islands are in trouble as well, and some estimates say rockhopper penguins have declined by more than 30 percent over the past 30 years. [PAR] They are listed as vulnerable by the IUCN, and if declines continue, they are likely to be uplisted to endangered in the near future.[DOC] [TLE] Rockhopper Penguin | Types of Penguins Rockhopper Penguin | Types of Penguins [PAR] Genus/Species: Eudyptes chrysocome. [PAR] Location: North of Antarctica, especially the Falkland Islands. [PAR] Rockhoppers are between 18 and 23 inches tall- around as high as an average adult human\u2019s knee, and weigh between 5 to 8 lbs or as much as a newborn baby. They are the smallest of the crested penguins. They eat squid, krill and other small fish. They hunt in the frigid waters of their range. They usually stick to the shallows, but are capable of diving up to 330 feet. Commercial overfishing, pollution, and changes in sea temperature are threatening Rockhopper Penguin populations. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Rockhoppers have been described as \"fearless\" and \"bad-tempered\" by scientists. They use their sharp beaks to protect themselves and encourage \"intruders\" to leave nesting sites. [PAR] Sometimes rockhoppers will leap in and out of the water as they swim. This is called porpoising. [PAR] When a rockhopper is finished swimming and ready to come ashore, it becomes a hopper again. It makes a giant leap out of the water onto the rocks. [PAR] The rockhopper is a noisy bird. Its call or \u201cbraying\u201d is very loud."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apple Varieties - Washington Apple Commission Washington Apple Commission [PAR] Honeycrisp [PAR] Crisp and Distinctly Sweet [PAR] The Honeycrisp apple\u2019s name says it all! Pleasantly crisp, sweet and juicy, this popular apple features a beautiful bright red skin mottled with pale green. Its complex flavor is subtly tart, and is a versatile ingredient for recipes ranging from sweet to savory. As a snack, Honeycrisp apples burst with juice with every bite, and they are also a delicious addition to salads, pies, sauces, and baked goods. [PAR] Uses: snacking, salads, baking, beverages, pies, sauce [PAR] History:[DOC] [TLE] Apple - Braeburn - tasting notes, identification, reviews Apple - Braeburn - tasting notes, identification, reviews [PAR] (Use the form at the bottom to add your own comments about this variety) [PAR] 26 Apr 2015 Francoise & Emilee, WA, United States [PAR] Good flavor, crispy, sweet and tart, doesn't brown fast. [PAR] 27 Jun 2014 Wendy Tan, KUALA LUMPUR, Indonesia [PAR] The only kind of apple I eat anymore, ever since I first picked some up from a supermarket in Europe a few years ago. My conversion was instant, I'd never tasted more enticingly fragrant and complex flavours :) [PAR] 08 Feb 2014 Chris, CO, United States [PAR] Can't go wrong with Braeburns when Honeycrisps get too expensive during the winter months. They're cheap, but that shouldn't scare away apple lovers. The vast majority of Braeburns I've had retain their crisp and juicy crunch. They're still better than a lot of the newer \"designer\" cultivars, like the Envy, and a heckuva lot cheaper. [PAR] 04 Apr 2013 Christopher Zurek, MINNESOTA, United States [PAR] I first discovered Breaburn apples about 20 years ago at Cub Foods. At that time all of this variety were from New Zealand and quite good. Three or four years ago I bought some that were grown here in the USA and they were not as good. So now if I was a Braeburn I look for the New Zealand stickers. [PAR] 03 Mar 2013 Baxmobile@Yahoo.Com, WA, United States [PAR] Just way too hit or miss for my tastes. I've had great ones, but I've always had many, many horrible ones that I couldn't come close to finishing. Give me the reliable excellence of a Honey Crisp any day of the week. [PAR] 04 Oct 2012 Mary, WASHINGTON, United States [PAR] I am a Braeburn apple fanatic and reading this page was like finding a gold mine. I'm from the Pacific northwest and while all my friends are ranting and raving about Honeycrisp apples, I continue to defend why Braeburns are superior. Seriously, people don't try tons of varieties here, they just dash for the apples with the most appealing name. [PAR] 13 Apr 2012 Mel, HANTS, United Kingdom [PAR] Alasdair, you won't be able to grow a true apple from seed. All apples are grafted onto a rootstock. You will be very dissapointed if you are hoping to grow an apple from a pip! Naimh, I have just bought a Braeburn in the LIDL shop, they have lots of fruit trees for \u00a310a at this time of year, but you have to be quick, they sell out fast! [PAR] 08 Feb 2012 Jessica, GEORGIA, United States [PAR] Very sweet and juicy. Delicious! [PAR] 02 Dec 2011 Meagan Dahl, TN, United States [PAR] I was thrilled to see this variety at my local grocers this season. However, the first Braeburn I bought was rotten when I cut into it - with no outside hints to that fact. I was disappointed, but picked up another one on my next trip."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cuneiform - Ancient History Encyclopedia Cuneiform - Ancient History Encyclopedia [PAR] Cuneiform [PAR] by Joshua J. Mark [PAR] published on 28 April 2011 [PAR] Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE. It is considered the most significant among the many cultural contributions of the Sumerians and the greatest among those of the Sumerian city of Uruk which advanced the writing of cuneiform c. 3200 BCE. The name comes from the Latin word cuneus for 'wedge' owing to the wedge-shaped style of writing. In cuneiform, a carefully cut writing implement known as a stylus is pressed into soft clay to produce wedge-like impressions that represent word-signs (pictographs) and, later, phonograms or `word-concepts' (closer to a modern day understanding of a `word'). All of the great Mesopotamian civilizations used cuneiform (the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Elamites, Hatti , Hittites , Assyrians, Hurrians and others) until it was abandoned in favour of the alphabetic script at some point after 100 BCE. [PAR] Early Cuneiform [PAR] The earliest cuneiform tablets, known as proto-cuneiform, were pictorial, as the subjects they addressed were more concrete and visible (a king, a battle , a flood) but developed in complexity as the subject matter became more intangible (the will of the gods, the quest for immortality). By 3000 BCE the representations were more simplified and the strokes of the stylus conveyed word-concepts (honour) rather than word-signs (an honourable man). The written language was further refined through the rebus which isolated the phonetic value of a certain sign so as to express grammatical relationships and syntax to determine meaning. In clarifying this, the scholar Ira Spar writes: [PAR] Remove Ads [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] This new way of interpreting signs is called the rebus principle. Only a few examples of its use exist in the earliest stages of cuneiform from between 3200 and 3000 B.C. The consistent use of this type of phonetic writing only becomes apparent after 2600 B.C. It constitutes the beginning of a true writing system characterized by a complex combination of word-signs and phonograms\u2014signs for vowels and syllables\u2014that allowed the scribe to express ideas. By the middle of the Third Millennium B.C., cuneiform primarily written on clay tablets was used for a vast array of economic, religious, political, literary, and scholarly documents. [PAR] The great literary works of Mesopotamia such as the famous Epic of Gilgamesh were all written in cuneiform. [PAR] Development of Cuneiform [PAR] One no longer had to struggle with the meaning of a pictograph; one now read a word-concept which more clearly conveyed the meaning of the writer. The number of characters used in writing was also reduced from over 1,000 to 600 in order to simplify and clarify the written word. The best example of this is given by the historian Paul Kriwaczek who notes that, in the time of proto-cuneiform: [PAR] All that had been devised thus far was a technique for noting down things, items and objects, not a writing system. A record of `Two Sheep Temple God Inanna \u2019 tells us nothing about whether the sheep are being delivered to, or received from, the temple, whether they are carcasses, beasts on the hoof, or anything else about them (63). [PAR] Cuneiform developed to the point where it could be made clear, to use Kriwaczek's example, whether the sheep were coming or going to the temple, for what purpose, and whether they were living or dead. By the time of the priestess-poet Enheduanna (2285-2250 BCE), who wrote her famous hymns to Inanna in the Sumerian city of Ur"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hirsutism | University of Maryland Medical Center Hirsutism | University of Maryland Medical Center [PAR] Loss of feminine body shape [PAR] Signs of masculinity, deepening voice, male pattern baldness, enlarged clitoris, enlarged shoulder muscles [PAR] If hirsutism is caused by Cushing syndrome, signs and symptoms can include: [PAR] Obesity, especially around the middle section [PAR] High blood pressure (hypertension) [PAR] Thinning skin [PAR] Causes [PAR] About half of women with hirsutism have high levels of male sex hormones, called androgens. Those high levels can be caused by: [PAR] Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which may also cause infertility [PAR] Tumors on the adrenal glands or ovaries [PAR] Cushing syndrome [PAR] Medications that can cause hair growth, such as phenytoin (Dilantin), minoxidil (Rogaine), diazoxide (Proglycem), and cyclosporine [PAR] Anabolic steroids [PAR] Danazol (Danocrine), used to treat endometriosis [PAR] Sometimes, women with hirsutism may have normal levels of male hormones. If there is no underlying condition, doctors may not be able to determine what causes hirsutism. [PAR] Risk Factors [PAR] The following factors may increase your risk of hirsutism: [PAR] Genetics, some conditions that cause hirsutism may be inherited. [PAR] Race and ethnicity, women of European, Middle Eastern, and South Asian ancestry are more likely to develop the condition [PAR] Diagnosis [PAR] Your doctor will examine you and take a medical history. You may be asked about your menstrual cycle, what medications you take, and your family history. Your doctor will check you for hair growth and also may do a pelvic examination to check for tumors or cysts on the ovaries. After doing the physical exam, your doctor may order one of the following tests: [PAR] Blood tests, may show high androgen levels [PAR] Imaging tests, including CT scan, MRI, pelvic ultrasound, used to find cysts or tumors on the ovaries or adrenal glands [PAR] Preventive Care [PAR] Preventing hirsutism depends on the cause. For women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), for example, losing weight through diet and exercise may help. Studies suggest that obese women with PCOS may be less likely to develop hirsutism if they eat a low-calorie diet. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Treatment for hirsutism depends on whether there is an underlying cause, and how severe the hair growth is. For example, if medications are making it worse, you can ask your doctor if you can switch medications. A tumor on the ovaries or adrenal glands can be removed surgically. Overweight women with hirsutism may want to lose weight so their bodies will make less testosterone. [PAR] If your doctor cannot find a cause, you can try a combination of self care and hair-removal techniques. Psychological support may also help because hirsutism is often a frustrating and embarrassing condition. [PAR] Lifestyle [PAR] Being overweight may contribute to hirsutism. Eating a balanced diet and getting enough exercise can help control weight. [PAR] Medications [PAR] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any medications to treat hirsutism. However, some drugs may lower androgen production and reduce hair growth. It can take 6 months or longer for the medications to produce noticeable changes in hair growth. They must be taken long term to keep symptoms under control. These medications include: [PAR] Birth control pills. Some birth control pills can lower the amount of androgens your body makes. [PAR] Spironolactone (Aldactone) blocks androgen from being used in the body [PAR] Eflorinithine (Vaniqa) is a prescription cream for unwanted facial hair. It slows new hair growth but does not get rid of existing hair. Hair comes back if you stop using the cream. [PAR] Surgery and Other Procedures [PAR] If"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Porphyrophobia \u2013 Fear of the Color Purple - Remedies Point Porphyrophobia: Fear of the Color Purple, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment [PAR] Porphyrophobia \u2013 Fear of the Color Purple [PAR] Written by admin | September 15, 2012 | 1 [PAR] What is Porphyrophobia? [PAR] Form the whole spectrum [PAR] of colors, if you dread the color purple, you have porphyrophobia. It is an abnormal, persistent fear of the color purple. [PAR] A person suffering from porphyrophobia will most likely pass his or her waking hours in a state of nervousness. A purple colored car or house can make a porphyrophobic suffer from a panic attack. [PAR] The color purple is often seen in some vegetables such as brinjal and onion. In many traditions the color purple stands for royal lineage that is used only by those in power. [PAR] In many schools, purple is the standard color of uniforms. But despite of all the surrounding glory, there is an air of fear around the color, observed by those who have a profound dread for anything that is purple. [PAR] Know Porphyrophobia Causes [PAR] Due to past experience with colors, porphyrophobia causes include the fear for colors that is mostly linked to negative incidents and events. The fear can be one that is learned, observed in others or has developed due to personal experience. [PAR] It has been found to be a part of the conscious or subconscious psyche. This means that there is an extreme association between the purple color and an event or experience that dented a lifelong negative notion. [PAR] Experts also believe that it can be part of the genetic makeup or be hereditary in nature. In almost all of the cases, the fear of nearly every color is by and large related to negative associations. In some cases, a causative reason may be hard to identify. [PAR] Identify Porphyrophobia Symptoms [PAR] An apparent sign of this fear is tensing up of the body that can be seen in a porphyrophobe when presented with the color purple. A phobic personality may try to flee from the color or may freeze in place and start to weep or cry. [PAR] Here are some of the porphyrophobia symptoms: [PAR] Fast breathing [PAR] Become emotional [PAR] Urge to flee [PAR] Porphyrophobia symptoms such as emotional disturbances, linked with this irrational fear, can cause a considerable amount of humiliation. Sometimes, porphyrophobia causes a phobic to feel completely helpless when faced with the fear, and as such, responds fearfully to the stimuli. [PAR] Porphyrophobia Treatment [PAR] Seeking help of a professional therapist is a positive step towards learning the root cause for your fear on encountering something purple. This can play an important role in porphyrophobia treatment. [PAR] Exposure therapy, systematic desensitization techniques and cognitive behavioral therapy are some of the porphyrophobia treatment made use of by professional therapists to treat the phobia. [PAR] In all the methods used, the primary aim is to encourage and enable the patient to respond confidently to changing scenarios when presented with the object of fear. [PAR] Gradually, with therapy, the patient finds that his or her fear is irrational and the object of fear can in fact cause no harm either mentally or physically and ultimately conquers the fear. [PAR] Related posts:[DOC] [TLE] Porphyrophobia Treatment Options - phobia-fear-release.com Porphyrophobia Treatment Options [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Symptoms of Porphyrophobia Fear of the color purple: [PAR] breathlessness, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, feeling sick, shaking, heart palpitations, inability to speak or think clearly, a fear of losing control, a sensation of detachment from reality or a full blown"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet? - Quora What is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] The seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet is rho. [PAR] Upper-Case: [math] P [/math] [PAR] Written Jun 28, 2016 [PAR] I know about salmonella. That\u2019s why I don\u2019t eat my chicken raw. [PAR] This question makes no sense. Knowing about salmonella just makes you handle and prepare the chicken correctly. It wouldn\u2019t make any reasonable person stop eating it. [PAR] Abhijeet Borkar , PhD in Physics (Astrophysics) [PAR] This example of a levitation trick is very well done. I don't know if there are other ways to do this, but this picture below gives sort of an X-ray view into the most common way. [PAR] The \"levitating\" person is actually sitting on a platform (1) that's attached to a steel (or some other strong metal) post (2), which is granted balance and stability by a large, metal base (3). It's a cool trick, and ... [PAR] Bob Cooke , Special Agent in Charge (ret) CA Dept of Justice, Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement [PAR] Just once and it still haunts me to this day. [PAR] I was on duty and in the police station. I was very young in service and you were expected to do more than your fair share, a call came in from the front desk. I can't recall the exact circumstances but a female had attended and for whatever reason, her details were checked on the police national computer (PNC). It showed that she was a failed asylum..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Play Bezique | HowStuffWorks How to Play Bezique | HowStuffWorks [PAR] How to Play Bezique [PAR] NEXT PAGENEXT [PAR] Bezique, the forerunner of the card game Pinochle, was invented in the early 1800s in Sweden. By the 1850s, it was a hit all across Europe, and it soon arrived in America. It's still widely enjoyed in Britain. Over the years there have been many exciting variations of Bezique. In this article, you will. learn how to play classic Bezique, Rubicon Bezique, and Chinese Bezique. [PAR] Let's get started with traditional Bezique: [PAR] Number of players: Two [PAR] Card Term Glossary [PAR] Here's a quick reference for some of the card language you will find in this article. [PAR] Follow suit: To play a card of the suit led. [PAR] Lead: To play the first card to a trick. [PAR] Marriage: A meld consisting of the king and queen. [PAR] Meld: A combination of cards with scoring value, generally three or more cards in sequence in one suit or all of the same rank; also, to show or play such a combination. [PAR] Stock: The undealt cards available for future use. [PAR] Table: The playing area; also, to lay down a meld on the playing area. [PAR] Trick: A round of cards played, one from each player's hand. [PAR] Trump: A suit designated to be higher ranking than any other suit; any card in that suit. Also, to play a trump card on a trick. [PAR] Upcard: The first card turned up after a deal, often to begin play or initiate a discard pile. [PAR] For a complete listing of card terminology, click here . [PAR] Object: To score points by melding and by taking tricks containing aces and 10s (brisques). [PAR] The cards: Two sets of 32 cards, consisting of aces through 7s, are shuffled together into one 64-card deck. Cards rank -- from high to low -- A-10-K-Q-J-9-8-7. [PAR] To play: Deal eight cards to each player, in groups of three, two, and three, and then turn up a card. This \"upcard\" will designate which suit will be trump. Place that card face up and so that it is slightly sticking out from under the draw pile. If the trump upcard is a 7, dealer scores 10 points immediately. [PAR] Nondealer starts play by leading any card. At this stage of play, and as long as there remain cards to draw, you are not obliged to follow suit; you may play any of your cards. [PAR] The highest trump in a trick wins it, or, if there is no trump card, the highest card of the suit led wins it. When two identical cards contend for the same trick (for example, two [PAR] 10s), the first one played wins the trick. [PAR] The winner of each trick scores 10 points for each ace or 10 (also called a \"brisque\") it contains, and may also table one meld. (You may tally the 10 points for a 7 of trumps along with a meld, and if you table the first 7 of trumps you may also trade it for the trump upcard.) Tally all points when you meld as you score them (see \"Melds in Bezique\" table below). Tally brisques at the end of the hand. [PAR] Both players take a new card from the stock, with the winner of the previous trick drawing first and then leading to the next trick. [PAR] Melded cards stay on the table until the stock is used up, but you may still play them on tricks. A card you meld"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gloria Gaynor - Biography - IMDb Gloria Gaynor - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Gloria Gaynor [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (8) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] First Lady of Disco [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Gloria Gaynor was born on September 7, 1949 in Newark, New Jersey, USA as Gloria Fowles. She was previously married to Linwood Simon. [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] Trivia (8) [PAR] Singer [PAR] Her hit single, I Will Survive, has been not only been a disco-themed song frequently played in nightclubs; it has been played frequently for various causes (e.g. benefits for AIDS, or in Gay/Lesbian gatherings). [PAR] Her 1979 #1 hit \"I Will Survive\" was awarded the first and only Grammy Award for Best Disco Recording in 1980 (the category was discontinued upon disco's fall into disrepair). [PAR] Her 1979 disco hit, \"I Will Survive\", was named the #1 song on VH1's 100 Greatest Dance Songs, while \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" landed at #51. [PAR] Song \"I Never Knew\" with remixes by Hex Hector reached #1 on the Billboard Dance Music/Club Play chart (2002) [PAR] Song \"Just Keep Thinking About You\" with remixes by Jonathan Peters and Almighty reached #1 on the Billboard Dance Music/Club Play chart (2001) [PAR] Gloria Gaynor Day was held in the City of Newark on November 7, 2008. [PAR] Green Brook, New Jersey [December 2008] [PAR] See also[DOC] [TLE] Gloria Fowles | Soul Walking | ZoomInfo.com Gloria Fowles | ZoomInfo.com [PAR] Gloria Fowles [PAR] + Get 10 Free Contacts a Month [PAR] Please agree to the terms and conditions [PAR] I agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive. [PAR] Web References (37 Total References) [PAR] Gloria Gaynor Page [PAR] b. Gloria Fowles, 7th September 1947, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. [PAR] Soul and Disco singer from Newark, New Jersey. [PAR] She [PAR] was inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame in 2005. [PAR] st turn around now 'cause you're ... [PAR] www.bentley.movies24.org.uk [cached] [PAR] st turn around now 'cause you're not welcome anymore weren't you the one who tried to hurt me with goodbye you think I'd crumble you think I'd lay down and die Oh no, not I I will survive as long as i know how to love I know I will stay alive I've got all my life to live I've got all my love to give and I'll survive I will survive It took all the strength I had not to fall apart kept trying hard to mend the pieces of my broken heart and I spent oh so many nights just feeling sorry for myself I used to cry Now I hold my head up high and you see me somebody new I'm not that chained up little person still in love with you and so you felt like dropping in and just expect me to be free now I'm saving all my loving for someone who's loving me from 1VH 70's WEEKEND please comment ----------- BIO from WIKIPEDIA Gloria Gaynor (born Gloria Fowles September 7, 1949) is an American singer, best-known for the disco era hits \"I Will Survive\" (Hot 100 #1, 1979), \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (Hot 100 #9, 1 74), \"Let Me Know (I Have A Right)\" (Hot 100 #42, 1980) and \"I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marquis de Sade, born Donatien Alphonse Fran\u00e7ois de Sade ... Marquis de Sade, born Donatien Alphonse Fran\u00e7ois de Sade | Great Thoughts Treasury [PAR] Marquis de Sade, born Donatien Alphonse Fran\u00e7ois de Sade [PAR] (1740 - ) [PAR] French Aristocrat, Revolutionary Politician, Philosopher and Writer famous for his Libertine Sexuality and Lifestyle [PAR] Videos [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Marquis de Sade, born Donatien Alphonse [PAR] Last Name: [PAR] French Aristocrat, Revolutionary Politician, Philosopher and Writer famous for his Libertine Sexuality and Lifestyle [PAR] Search this author only for specific quotes by keyword: [PAR] Any [PAR] TED Videos [PAR] The images and text provided to Internet users through this web site belong to various parties and are covered by copyright. The copyright holders want you to have online access to these materials, but do not want their other rights compromised. Consequently, permission is granted only for personal viewing by individuals who receive these materials through direct Internet transmission from this website. Copying of pictures or text to disk, paper, or any other medium for use by others is not permitted without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Similarly, retransmission of these on-line materials via any mode of telecommunication without prior written permission is also forbidden. Only the copyright holder can grant permission for other uses. Copyright \u00a9 2010-2016 by Alan Smolowe[DOC] [TLE] Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade - Biography.com Marquis de Sade - Philosopher, Author, Criminal - Biography.com [PAR] Marquis de Sade [PAR] Marquis de Sade was a French aristocrat and philosopher who became notorious for acts of sexual cruelty in his writings as well as in his own life. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous People Who Died in Charenton [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cOne is never so dangerous when one has no shame, than when one has grown too old to blush.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Marquis de Sade [PAR] Marquis de Sade - Full Episode (TV-14; 43:12) A full biography of Marquis de Sade. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Marquis de Sade, a French aristocrat, philosopher and writer of explicit sexual works, was born in Paris in 1740. His writings depict violence, criminality and blasphemy against the Catholic Church. During the French Revolution he was an elected delegate to the National Convention. The last 13 years of his life were spent in an insane asylum. He died in 1814. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Donatien Alphonse Fran\u00e7ois, best known as Marquis de Sade, was born in Paris, France on June 2, 1740. His father was a diplomat in the court of Louis XV, and his mother was a lady-in-waiting. From the start, de Sade was raised with servants who flattered his every whim. Not long into his childhood, his father abandoned his mother, and his mother took refuge in a convent. [PAR] By the age of 4, de Sade was known as a rebellious and spoiled child with an ever-growing temper. He once beat the French prince so severely that he was sent to the south of France to stay with his uncle, an abbot of the church. During his stay, while he was 6 years old, his uncle introduced him to debauchery. Four years later, de Sade was sent back to Paris to attend the Lyc\u00e9e Louis-le-Grand. After misbehaving in school, he was subject to severe corporal punishment, namely flagellation. He spent the rest of his adult life obsessed with the violent act. [PAR] Sexual Offenses [PAR] As a young man, de Sade had many affairs with women, most of them prostitutes. De Sade\u2019s father was frantic to find his son a rich wife. The de Sades, although stable in status, had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tuna Species Guide - Atuna Tuna Species Guide [PAR] Tuna Species Guide [PAR] Please select the required species from this list: [PAR] [PAR] Katsuwonus pelamis [PAR] Other Languages: [PAR] Netherlands: Gestreept tonijn, Spain: Listado, Barrilete, Italy: Palometta, Denmark: Bugstribet bonit, Germany: Echter Bonito, Portugal: Palamida, France: Listao, Japan: Katsuo, Indonesia: Cakalang, Papua New Guinea: Tjakalang, China: Then chien, Philippines: Gulyasan, [PAR] Characteristics: [PAR] Skipjack Tuna can be distinguished by the presence of four to seven dark, longitudinal stripes on their bellies. Their dark blue backs are accentuated by a clearly defined area of green above the pectoral fin, which fades away towards the middle of the body. They have silvery flanks and bellies, and short fins. These subheadings do not cover the Atlantic or belted bonitos (Sarda sarda), which have oblique bands on their backs. [PAR] Common Size: [PAR] Size 110 cm, Weight 30 kg, Age 15 years [PAR] Biggest Angled Fish: [PAR] 20 kg - Mexico 1996 by Brian Evan [PAR] Maturity: [PAR] 1 year and around 2 kg [PAR] Female: 42-50 cm [PAR] 73% Western Pacific Ocean (63% WCPO, 8% SPO, 3% NPO) [PAR] 7% Eastern Pacific Ocean [PAR] Mostly purse seining, some pole & line (8%) [PAR] Share of all Tuna Caught 2012: [PAR] About 46% - 2,776,833 M/T [PAR] Main Processing Nations: [PAR] Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Ecuador, Ghana, Colombia, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Samoa, Spain, Italy, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Vietnam [PAR] Flags of Main Fleets: [PAR] Taiwan, US, China, Japan, Indonesia, Spain [PAR] Life Cycle: [PAR] About 3 to 4 years [PAR] Major Markets: [PAR] Europe, United States, Arab World, Japan [PAR] Popular Product Forms: [PAR] Canned (90%), Pouched, Dried (Katsuobushi), Fillet (Tataki) [PAR] [PAR] Skipjack is the most popular tuna for consumption. It prefers to swim in the upper mixed layers of the ocean waters and is mostly found between 45o N and 40o S. It is highly migratory and can be found all over the world within tropical waters. Large schools sometimes mix with small yellowfin. Normally dolphins do not swim together with small skipjack, which almost makes it a guaranteed dolphin-safe species. Skipjacks also mature around 1 year of age, a characteristic which promotes rapid turnover in skipjack populations. [PAR] Product characteristics: [PAR] The meat of the skipjack is darker of color, sometimes even slightly pinkish. It has a relatively tender texture and has somewhat more of a fishy taste than other tuna species. The small size of the fish gives small loins and chunks, making it excellent for canned tuna chunks. [PAR] Future Supply: [PAR] In the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO), the biomass of skipjack tuna is very large and estimated to exceed that of the other three main tuna species combined. It is assumed that skipjack in the WCPO is a separate population (for stock assessment and management purposes) to the Eastern Pacific stock. Skipjack is clearly a species that is difficult to overfish because of its highly active reproductive behavior. Local overfishing has been noted, however it should not be harmful to the spawning stock as a whole. [PAR] Management: [PAR] Taking into account that tuna is a highly migratory species, how are tuna stocks being managed? The Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) are the bodies responsible for the management of tuna populations; they monitor the activity within fishing countries in the region, setting catch limits in those areas. Tuna RFMOs are also responsible for regulating the fishing fleets and controlling the health of stocks. [PAR] Currently, these are the active tuna RFMOs in the world: [PAR] Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DIONYSUS (Dionysos) - Greek God of Wine & Festivity (Roman ... DIONYSUS (Dionysos) - Greek God of Wine & Festivity (Roman Bacchus) [PAR] Liber, Bacchus [PAR] Dionysus riding panther, Greek mosaic from Pella C4th B.C., Pella Archaeological Museum [PAR] DIONYSOS (Dionysus) was the Olympian god of wine, vegetation, pleasure, festivity, madness and wild frenzy. He was depicted as either an older, bearded god or an effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes included the thyrsos (a pine-cone tipped staff), a drinking cup and a crown of ivy. He was usually accompanied by a troop of Satyrs and Mainades (wild female devotees). [PAR] MYTHS [PAR] Dionysos was a son of Zeus and the princess Semele of Thebes. During the course of her pregnancy, the god's jealous wife Hera tricked Semele into asking Zeus to appear before her in his full glory. Bound by oath, the god was forced to comply and she was consumed by the heat of his lightning-bolts. Zeus recovered their unborn child from her body, sewed him up in his own thigh, and carried him to term. << More >> [PAR] After his birth from the thigh of Zeus, Dionysos was first entrusted to the care of Seilenos (Silenus) and the nymphs of Mount Nysa, and later to his aunt Ino, Semele's sister, and her husband Athamas. Hera was enraged when she learned of the boy's location and drove the couple mad, causing them to kill both their children and themselves. << More >> [PAR] The Thrakian king Lykourgos (Lycurgus) attacked Dionysos and his companions as they were travelling through his land and drove them into the sea. As punishment, the god inflicted him with madness causing him to murder his wife and son and mutilate himself with an axe. << More >> [PAR] King Pentheus of Thebes refused to accept the god's divinity and tried to apprehend him. The god retaliated by driving the king's daughters into a crazed frenzy and they tore him apart limb from limb. << More >> [PAR] Dionysos instructed the hero Ikarios (Icarius) of Athens in the art of winemaking. However, some shepherds, upon drinking the wine, thought they had been poisoned and killed him. The sorrowful god then set him amongst the stars as the constellation Bootes. << More >> [PAR] As Dionysos was travelling through the islands of the Aegean Sea he was captured by a band of Tyrrhenian pirates who thought to sell him into slavery. The god infested their ship with phantoms of creeping vines and wild beasts, and in terror the men leapt overboard and were transformed into dolphins. << More >> [PAR] Dionysos married princess Ariadne of Krete (Crete) whom he discovered abandoned by Theseus on the island of Naxos. << More >> [PAR] The god launched a campaign against the Indian nation in the farthest reaches of Asia, leading an army composed of Satyrs, Mainades, and demigods. << More >> [PAR] Dionysos journeyed to the underworld to recover his mother Semele and brought her to Olympos where Zeus transformed into the goddess Thyone. << More >> [PAR] Many other myths are detailed over the following pages. [PAR] SYMBOLS & ATTRIBUTES [PAR] Dionysos' most distinctive attribute was the thyrsos, a pine-cone tipped staff. His other attributes included a drinking-cup (kantharos), fruiting grapevines and a panther. [PAR] The god was usually clothed in a long robe (chiton) and cloak (himation) and crowned with a wreath of ivy-leaves. [PAR] Below are some examples of his attributes as depicted in ancient Greek art:- [PAR] 1. Pine-cone staff (thyrsos); 2. Thyrsos-staff head; 3. Grapevines; 4. Drinking-cup; 5. Wreath of ivy-leaves."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Wayne wins Best Actor Oscar - History.com John Wayne wins Best Actor Oscar - Apr 07, 1970 - HISTORY.com [PAR] John Wayne wins Best Actor Oscar [PAR] Share this: [PAR] John Wayne wins Best Actor Oscar [PAR] Author [PAR] John Wayne wins Best Actor Oscar [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1970, the legendary actor John Wayne wins his first\u2013and only\u2013acting Academy Award, for his star turn in the director Henry Hathaway\u2019s Western True Grit. [PAR] Wayne appeared in some 150 movies over the course of his long and storied career. He established his tough, rugged, uniquely American screen persona most vividly in the many acclaimed films he made for the directors John Ford and Howard Hawks from the late 1940s into the early 1960s. He earned his first Oscar nomination, in the Best Actor category, for Sands of Iwo Jima (1949). The Alamo (1960), which Wayne produced, directed and starred in, earned a Best Picture nomination. [PAR] Wayne\u2019s Oscar for True Grit at the 42nd annual Academy Awards in 1970 was generally considered to be a largely sentimental win, and a long-overdue reward for one of Hollywood\u2019s most enduring performers. The Academy had failed to even nominate Wayne for any of his most celebrated performances, in films such as Stagecoach (1939), Red River (1948), The Quiet Man (1952), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) and especially Ford\u2019s The Searchers (1956), considered by many to be the greatest Western ever made. In True Grit, Wayne played a drunken, foul-tempered but endearing U.S. marshal named Rooster Cogburn, who becomes an unlikely hero when he helps a young girl avenge the murder of her father. He would reprise the role in the film\u2019s sequel, Rooster Cogburn (1975), opposite Katharine Hepburn. [PAR] Nominated for seven Oscars at the 42nd annual awards ceremony that night, John Schlesinger\u2019s gritty urban drama Midnight Cowboy won in the Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay categories. The film\u2019s stars, Jon Voight and Dustin Hoffman, were both nominated in the Best Actor category but lost out to Wayne. Richard Burton (as King Henry VIII in Anne of the Thousand Days) and Peter O\u2019Toole (as the beloved schoolmaster Arthur Chipping in Goodbye, Mr. Chips) rounded out the category. It was the fourth of what would be eight career nominations (and no wins) for O\u2019Toole. [PAR] In 1964, Wayne battled lung cancer, undergoing surgery to remove his entire left lung. He went public with news of his illness in hopes of convincing people to remain vigilant about cancer. In his last movie, The Shootist (1976), Wayne portrayed an aging gunfighter dying of cancer. Three years later, the great actor himself succumbed to stomach cancer at the age of 72 on June 11, 1979. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] 1969 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1969 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] Z (1969, Fr./Algeria) [PAR] Actor: [PAR] JOHN WAYNE in \"True Grit\", Richard Burton in \"Anne of the Thousand Days\", Dustin Hoffman in [PAR] \"Midnight Cowboy\" , Peter O'Toole in \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\", Jon Voight in [PAR] \"Midnight Cowboy\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] MAGGIE SMITH in \"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\", Genevieve Bujold in \"Anne of the Thousand Days\", Jane Fonda in \"They Shoot Horses, Don't They?\", Liza Minnelli in \"The Sterile Cuckoo\", Jean Simmons in \"The Happy Ending\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] GIG YOUNG in \"They Shoot Horses, Don't They?\", Rupert Crosse in \"The Reivers\", Elliott Gould in \"Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice\", Jack Nicholson in [PAR] \"Easy Rider\" , Anthony Quayle in \"Anne of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Messerschmitt Bf 109 (Me 109) - History and Pictures of ... Messerschmitt Bf 109 (Me 109) - History and Pictures of German WW2 Fighter Plane [PAR] Germany's Memorable Fighter of WWII [PAR] By Stephen Sherman , July 2003. Updated July 6, 2011. [PAR] Unwanted at its inception, the Bf 109 became the most widely produced, the most respected, and the most varied Luftwaffe fighter. Over 30,000 of the nine major variants of Willy Messerschmitt's versatile aircraft were built. From its introduction in the Spanish Civil War, until the last Bf 109 model retired from the Spanish (!) Air Force in 1967, the 109 served for thirty years. [PAR] Background [PAR] From the late 1920's, Dr. Willy Messerchmitt antagonized Erhard Milch, eventually Hitler's Secretary of State for Aviation, and thus Messerchmitt's company, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW), could not get much support from the German government. [PAR] At one point, the Gestapo even called on Messerchmitt to question him about his contracts with the Romanian government. In 1933, his luck changed, when the Luftwaffe invited BFW to design a sports plane for an upcoming international air race. Messerschmitt, under tight deadlines, based his new aircraft on the work he had done for the Romanian sports plane. [PAR] The resulting Bf 108, the forerunner to the 109, flew in February, 1934, with a top speed over 200 MPH. Its performance at the races showed real promise, but due to Milch's influence, the Luftwaffe's request that year for a fighter was given to Focke-Wulf, Arado, and Heinkel, but not to BFW. By 1935, though, Messerchmitt was granted a development contract, something of a gamble. As a development-only contract, it represented a gamble. Milch made it clear that no production contract would follow. Messerchmitt relied on the superior qualities of his design, the Bf 109, to overcome Milch's opposition. [PAR] Prototype [PAR] The prototype Bf 109V-1 was ready in August, 1935, Like its predecessor, the Bf 108, it was a low wing, all metal construction monoplane, with flush rivets, leading edge slats, and retractable landing gear. Its single-seat cockpit had a fully enclosed canopy. While none of the developments were revolutionary in 1935, Messerschmitt first put them all together in the Bf 109. Powered by a 695 HP twelve cylinder Rolls-Royce Kestrel engine, the Bf 109V-1 first flew in September of that year. [PAR] At first, the Luftwaffe pilots, from Ernst Udet on down, distrusted the aircraft. It seemed frail; its enclosed canopy was disconcerting; it had a very high wing loading; and its narrow track landing gear was prone to failure. (On this last point, their concerns were well founded. Landing gear troubles plagued the 109 its entire career.) [PAR] But its speed and agility impressed the Luftwaffe skeptics; even Udet came around to support the plane. Even before the results of the competition were known, Messerschmitt pushed on with the second and third models. The Bf 109V-2 was powered by a 610 HP Junkers Jumo 210A but was otherwise similar to the V-1. [PAR] The V-3, the third prototype, was the first Bf 109 to be armed, carrying two 7.9mm MG17 machine guns and 1000 rounds of ammunition, as called for in the RLM spec. Otherwise similar to the first two examples, its first flight was delayed until May 1936, due to teething problems with the Jumo 210A engine. [PAR] Meanwhile, the Arado and Focke-Wulfe entries had foundered on poor performance and mechanical problems, and Heinkel\u2019s He 112 could not match Messerschmitt\u2019s entrant. Reports of the technologically advanced British Spitfire development added to the Bf 109's favor. Throughout the 1936 trials, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cinnabar - Mine Engineer.Com Cinnabar [PAR] A mineral is a naturally occuring, homogeneous, solid with a crystalline atomic structure. Crystallinity implies that a mineral has a definite and limited range of composition, and that the composition is expressible as a chemical formula. Some definitions of minerals give them as inorganic materials, however both diamonds and graphite are considered minerals, and both are primarily comprised of carbon, which would make them organic. So this leads me, as an engineer, to believe that mineralogists do not have a good, precise definition of a mineral, but rather a loose definition. The definition above, is the most inclusive and would include all substances currently described as minerals. The key items that make something a mineral are occurring naturally, and the definite crystal structure, that is expressible as a chemical formula. Rocks that do not meet this criteria are referred to as amorphis - not having a definite structure or expressible as a chemical formula. Some elements that occur naturally and are minerals are arsenic, bismuth, platinum, gold, silver, copper, and sulphur. [PAR] THE DEFINITION OF ORGANIC: Organic chemistry is the study of those substances containing carbon in combination with hydrogen (H), and a few other non metals, namely oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and the halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2). [PAR] This specemin of Cinnabar Ore is from Nevada. The white crystals are probably Dolomite. Crystal forms of cinnabar are relatively rare. [PAR] This is the more common ore of cinnabar, also from nevada. [PAR] Cinnabar is a major ore for the production of Mercury. Historically, it has been mined as far back as early Roman times, for mercury. Cinnabar contains as much as 86% Mercury. [PAR] Mercury is the only common metal that is liquid at room temperature. It occurs either as native metal or in cinnabar, corderoite, livingstonite, and other minerals. Mercury has uniform volumetric thermal expansion, good electrical conductivity, and easily forms amalgams with almost all common metals except iron. Most mercury is used for the manufacture of industrial chemicals and for electrical and electronic applications.* [PAR] *Source - USGS [PAR] Mercury Production [PAR] Cinnabar, a Mercury Sulfide, is the principal mineral of mercury. These minerals occur in veins, wide dissemination of irregular, sporadic mineralization without any pattern. Mercury is easy to recover from Cinnabar. Ore is crushed to typically 1\" to 2\" in size then sent to a kiln. Simply heating the ore in a kiln to 1,100 Deg. F, all of the mercury will vaporize into the kiln (mercury vaporizes at 675 deg F). The kiln vapors then must be condensed, by cooling, to recover the mercury, which becomes liquid at temperatures below 675 deg F and freezes solid at 2.8 Deg. F. Some free mercury in the ore can be recovered on Deister wet gravity concentration tables, also. [PAR] Typical minerals found with cinnabar include silica, calcite, pyrite, marcasite and bitumen. These minerals often comprise the waste material in a mercury mine.[DOC] [TLE] Minerals Ores Extraction of Metals Metallurgy - SKM ... Minerals Ores Extraction of Metals Metallurgy - SKM Classes South Bangalore [PAR] SKM Classes South Bangalore [PAR] Jobs [PAR] Minerals, Ores, Extraction of Metals is Metallurgy [PAR] The earth\u2019s crust is the major source of metals. Seawater also contains some soluble salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, etc. The elements or compounds, which occur naturally in the earth\u2019s crust, are known as minerals. At some places, minerals contain a very high percentage of a particular metal and the metal can be profitably extracted from it. These minerals are called ores. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Hillman - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Richard Hillman | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Brian Capron [PAR] Richard Charles Hillman was a financial advisor and businessman who had been married twice before arriving in Weatherfield . In June 2001 he turned up for Alma Halliwell 's funeral, claiming to be her cousin. He began a relationship with Gail Platt . [PAR] Richard went into property development with Duggie Ferguson , but the partnership was troubled. Richard left Duggie for dead after he fell from a flight of stairs in The Ridings , a property they were selling, choosing to rob Duggie of his money rather than help him. When Richard was due to marry Gail later in the summer, his ex-wife Patricia came back threatening to tell everyone about what Richard was really like and ruin his business, so Richard killed her with a shovel and buried her body in the foundations of his new flats. [PAR] Richard began to have financial troubles, and tried to kill his mother-in-law Audrey Roberts after finding out she was wealthy. He made her look like she was going insane and set her house on fire, making it look as if she had caused it. His attempts to kill her proved unsuccessful, so in January 2003 he decided to murder Emily Bishop instead, as he could inherit her house and money. Whilst babysitting for Joshua Peacock . He beat Emily over the head with a crowbar, however he was interrupted by Maxine , so Richard killed her when she started to panic. Emily survived the assault but was unaware that Richard was responsible. Richard confessed his crimes to Gail after she had grown increasingly suspicious of his actions, then fled the Street. He returned two weeks later, and tried to kill the family by tying them up in the car in the garage and gassing them. He then drove the car into Weatherfield Canal ; they were all pulled out alive, but he drowned. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Richard meets Gail Platt after Alma's funeral, and they begin a relationship. [PAR] Richard was a financial advisor and had two previous marriages before arriving in Weatherfield . His first wife was Marion , who wanted to have children, but Richard had to attend to his sick mother. Marion divorced him, as she didn't want to take care of an old pensioner. Following his mother's death he married Patricia . Like Marion, she wanted children but Richard later discovered he couldn't have any children. Believing he made up the story, Patricia also divorced him. In 2001 he turned up at Alma Halliwell 's funeral, claiming to be her cousin. He befriended Gail Platt and they eventually began dating. Before long, he'd moved in with Gail and started winning over her children with expensive presents. Hillman's dealings were questioned by Norris Cole when he learned that elderly people had lost their life savings to Richard. [PAR] Richard went into business with Duggie Ferguson , converting The Ridings , an old house in Crimea Street , into luxury flats. However, the partnership soon ran into trouble as Duggie happily cut corners. One night in February 2002 , Richard confronted Duggie in one of the flats, angered by the poor workmanship that his partner had overseen. When Duggie leaned on one of the bannisters it gave way and he fell several floors. Duggie was badly injured, and although Richard initially intended to help him, he realised that this was an ideal opportunity to rid himself of his unwanted business partner."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Motorcycle History: Giacomo Agostini\u2019s World ... - RideApart Motorcycle History: Giacomo Agostini\u2019s World Championship | RideApart [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Each week RideApart looks back to highlight key milestones in motorcycling history from innovations to significant model introductions to racing successes and, of course, some of the disastrous things we\u2019d rather forget. This week it\u2019s Italian racing legend Giacomo Agostini's World Championship debut. [PAR] It\u2019s 50 years ago this year that arguably the world\u2019s greatest Grand Prix motorcycle racer Giacomo Agostini took part in his debut World Championship race on a 250cc Moto Morini in Spain. He failed to score any points that first season but in the years that followed, Ago (as he\u2019s known to his fans) went on to become the most successful rider of all time. [PAR] Over a 13-year career (from 1963-1977) this Italian rider won 122 Grand Prix in both the 350cc and 500cc categories (even today he is still ahead of Valentino Rossi) plus 15 World Championship motorcycle titles. Of those he won 68 races and eight titles in the top 500cc class with the remainder in the 350cc class. [PAR] Agostini began his career as a factory rider for Italian manufacturer Moto Morini and won the national 350cc title in his second year of racing in 1964. Agostini\u2019s performance caught the attention of Count Domenico Agusta \u2013 then owner of the MV Agusta factory \u2013 who signed Agostini and Englishman Mike Hailwood for the 1965 350cc World Championship. It turned out to be a season-long battle between Agostini and Honda\u2019s Brian Redman with the Italian just missing out on the title in the Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka when his Agusta developed a mechanical problem. [PAR] The following season, in 1965, Hailwood left the Agusta team for Honda, leaving Agostini as the top rider for the Agusta factory and racing in both 500cc and 350cc World Championships. [PAR] It was that 1966 season where Agostini started to dominate motorcycle racing. He went on to win seven consecutive 500cc Grand Prix titles (1967-1972) and seven 350cc titles (1968-1974). In those years the Isle of Man featured as a round of both World Championships and Agostini won both classes of the TT 10 times. In 1972, he announced he would never race at the Isle of Man again as his close friend and fellow Italian rider Gilberto Parlotti had been killed that year and Agostini felt the circuit had become far too dangerous for Grand Prix racing. [PAR] In 1974, Agostini made the surprise move from Agusta to Yamaha winning the Daytona 200 in the 500cc class but was hampered by technical problems. He did though continue to win on a Yamaha in the 350cc category taking the world title that year. [PAR] For 1975 he won the 500cc Grand Prix title for Yamaha, which marked the first time ever that a two-stroke motorcycle won the top World Championship class. His penultimate season in 1976 saw Agostini riding both Yamaha and Agusta bikes in the 500cc championship (try doing that today) but with limited success. He retired at the end of the 1977 season finishing sixth in the 500cc World Championship standings as well as competing in 750cc endurance races for Yamaha. [PAR] After retiring he tried his hand at car racing running his own team and competing in a national Formula One Championship. Agostini returned to bike racing in 1982 running the Yamaha Grand Prix team and oversaw the careers of Eddie Lawson and Kenny Roberts. In the early 1990\u2019s he even ran the Cagiva works motorcycle team. Agostini still works as an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goldfinger (1964) - IMDb Goldfinger (1964) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $10.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 11 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 20 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Goldfinger \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. [PAR] Director: Peter R. Hunt [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cassius CLAY - Olympic Boxing | United States of America Cassius CLAY - Olympic Boxing | United States of America [PAR] Olympic Games 1960 [PAR] More than any other sportsman in history, Muhammad Ali transcended his sport to reach out to people as a role model and hero. [PAR] Rome 1960 [PAR] As Cassius Clay, Ali travelled to the 1960 Rome Games to compete in the light heavyweight division. Despite being only 18, he won all four of his fights easily. In the final he defeated three-time European champion Zbigniew Pietrzykowski to win the gold medal. [PAR] Vietnam War [PAR] Clay turned professional and won the heavyweight World Championship for the first time in 1964, beating Sonny Liston in a legendary fight. Over the next four years he defended his title nine times, converted to Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Ali. However, he was stripped of his title in 1967, when he refused to be drafted into the US army, citing religious and personal beliefs. He did not fight again for three and a half years. [PAR] Thriller in Manila [PAR] Ali regained his title in 1974 by knocking out George Foreman in a fight staged in the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo, (formerly Zaire) known as \u201cthe Rumble in the Jungle\u201d. In 1975 he beat Joe Frazier in \u201cthe Thriller in Manila\u201d. He eventually retired from boxing in 1981 with a professional record of 56 wins and 5 losses. [PAR] Great honour [PAR] In 1996, Ali was chosen to light the flame during the Opening Ceremony of the Atlanta Olympic Games. He has devoted much of his life to humanitarian affairs. In 1998 Ali was honoured with the United Nations Messenger of Peace award. [PAR] Muhammad Ali passed away on June 3, 2016."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Les Dawson Cosmo Smallpiece - YouTube Les Dawson Cosmo Smallpiece - YouTube [PAR] Les Dawson Cosmo Smallpiece [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 14, 2009 [PAR] very funny rare clip of funnyman Les Dawson , watch and enjoy [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Waiting for Godot: Characters SparkNotes: Waiting for Godot: Characters [PAR] Waiting for Godot [PAR] Summary [PAR] Act I: Introduction & Pozzo and Lucky's Entrance [PAR] Vladimir - One of the two main characters of the play. Estragon calls him Didi, and the boy addresses him as Mr. Albert. He seems to be the more responsible and mature of the two main characters. [PAR] Estragon - The second of the two main characters. Vladimir calls him Gogo. He seems weak and helpless, always looking for Vladimir's protection. He also has a poor memory, as Vladimir has to remind him in the second act of the events that happened the previous night. [PAR] Pozzo - He passes by the spot where Vladimir and Estragon are waiting and provides a diversion. In the second act, he is blind and does not remember meeting Vladimir and Estragon the night before. [PAR] Lucky - Pozzo's slave, who carries Pozzo's bags and stool. In Act I, he entertains by dancing and thinking. However, in Act II, he is dumb. [PAR] Boy - He appears at the end of each act to inform Vladimir that Godot will not be coming that night. In the second act, he insists that he was not there the previous night. [PAR] Godot - The man for whom Vladimir and Estragon wait unendingly. Godot never appears in the play. His name and character are often thought to refer to God. [PAR] More Help"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keratin | definition of keratin by Medical dictionary Keratin | definition of keratin by Medical dictionary [PAR] Keratin | definition of keratin by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/keratin [PAR] keratin [PAR] [ker\u00b4ah-tin] [PAR] a scleroprotein that is the principal constituent of epidermis, hair, nails, horny tissues, and the organic matrix of the enamel of the teeth. Its solution is sometimes used in coating pills when the latter are desired to pass through the stomach unchanged. [PAR] ker\u00b7a\u00b7tin [PAR] (ker'\u0103-tin), [PAR] Collective name for a group of proteins that form the intermediate filaments in epithelial cells. Keratins have a molecular weight between 40 kD and 68 kD and are separated one from another by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing; thus separated, they are sequentially numbered from 1-20, and also subdivided into low, intermediate, and high molecular weight proteins. According to their isoelectric mobility they are either acidic or basic. In general, each acidic keratin protein has its basic equivalent with which it is paired to form the intermediate filaments; some keratin proteins, however, occur unpaired. Various epithelial cells contain different keratin proteins, in a tissue-specific manner. Antibodies to keratin proteins are widely used for histologic typing of tumors, and are especially useful for distinguishing carcinomas from sarcomas, lymphomas, and melanomas. [PAR] [G. keras (kerat-), horn, + -in] [PAR] keratin [PAR] /ker\u00b7a\u00b7tin/ (ker\u00b4ah-tin) any of a family of scleroproteins that are the main constituents of epidermis, hair, nails, and horny tissues. The high-sulfur keratin polypeptides of ectodermally derived structures, e.g., hair and nails, are also called hard k's. [PAR] keratin [PAR] (k\u0115r\u2032\u0259-t\u012dn) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. Any of a class of filamentous proteins that are abundant in the cytoskeleton of vertebrate epithelial cells and are the main constituents of the outer layer of skin and tough epidermal structures such as hair, nails, hooves, feathers, and claws. [PAR] 2. Material composed principally of keratin proteins. [PAR] ke\u00b7rat\u2032i\u00b7nous (k\u0259-r\u0103t\u2032n-\u0259s) adj. [PAR] keratin [PAR] [ker\u2032\u0259tin] [PAR] Etymology: Gk, keras, horn [PAR] a fibrous sulfur-containing protein that is the primary component of the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth, and horny tissue of animals. The protein is insoluble in most solvents, including gastric juice. For this reason, it is often used as a coating for pills that must pass through the stomach unchanged to be dissolved in the intestines. [PAR] ker\u00b7a\u00b7tin [PAR] (ker'\u0103-tin) [PAR] A scleroprotein or albuminoid present in hair and nails; it contains a relatively large amount of sulfur, is insoluble in gastric juice, and is sometimes used for coating tablets that are intended to be dissolved only in the intestine. [PAR] [G. keras (kerat-), horn, + -in] [PAR] keratin [PAR] A hard protein (scleroprotein) of cylindrical, helical molecular form occurring in horny tissue such as hair and nails and in the outer layers of the skin. Hair and nails consist almost wholly of keratin. Keratins are insoluble and cannot generally be split by PROTEOLYTIC enzymes. [PAR] keratin [PAR] a hard, fibrous, sulphur-containing protein with an alpha-helix structure, found in the epidermis of vertebrates, mainly in the outermost layers of skin. Keratin can have several forms: in scales, feathers, hooves, horns, claws and nails it is hard, while wool and hair are made up of a soft and flexible form. [PAR] Keratin [PAR] A tough, nonwater-soluble protein found in the nails, hair, and the outermost layer of skin. Human hair is made up largely of keratin. [PAR] keratin [PAR] sulphur-containing, insoluble scleroprotein, forming stratum corneum, nail plate and hair shaft, from enzymic conversion of epidermal cells [PAR] ker\u00b7a\u00b7tin [PAR] (ker'\u0103-tin) [PAR] Collective name for a group of proteins that form intermediate filaments in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Hungary? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Hungary? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Hungary [PAR] The Capital City of Hungary (officially named Republic of Hungary) is the city of Budapest. The population of Budapest in the year 2007 was 1,696,128 (2,451,418 in the metropolitan area). [PAR] Hungary is a Hungarian speaking country that does not border with any sea. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] Capital of Hungary - definition of capital of Hungary by ... Capital of Hungary - definition of capital of Hungary by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Capital of Hungary - definition of capital of Hungary by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/capital+of+Hungary [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to capital of Hungary: Hungarian [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] capital of Hungary - capital and largest city of Hungary; located on the Danube River in north-central Hungary [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Republic of Hungary [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Yes, the capital of Hungary is a pleasing amalgamation of the old cities of Buda (hilly and historic) and Pest (flat and more modern) which creates a tourist-friendly destination with loads to do. [PAR] Destination News Alert - Food [PAR] BONUS WINNER: KEITH PRIDDIS OF PETERBOROUGH, CAMBS ACROSS DOWN 1 Capital of Hungary (8) 7 Keyboard instrument (5) 8 Sharp (5) 9 Jane -, Emma author (6) 10 Indonesian holiday island (4) 12 Help in crime (4) 14 US coin worth five cents (6) 17 Sum (5) 18 Abrupt, curt (5) 19 West African republic (8) 1 Not genuine (5) 2 Peril (6) 3 Summit (4) 4 Finnish steam bath (5) 5 Last of the Summer Wine character played by Kathy Staff (4,5) 6 Make or pass laws (9) 11 Spectacular failure (6) 13 Additional (5) 15 Familiar, recognised (5) 16 Take flight (4) SOLUTION to Crossword October 24th ACROSS 1 Magpie, 3 Crab, 7 Pale, 8 Wobble, 10 Explode, 13 Eclipse, 16 Flimsy, 17 Heat, 18 Exit, 19 Writer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Wings\u2019 Babcock has done his best coaching this season Red Wings\u2019 Babcock has done his best coaching this season [PAR] Red Wings\u2019 Babcock has done his best coaching this season [PAR] Marwan Shousher [PAR] \u2013 April 11, 2014 [PAR] In spite of a slew of injuries in the 2013-14 season, Mike Babcock has not panicked, and the Red Wings are back in the playoffs. [PAR] The sport of ice hockey has many mind boggling stats. Like the fact that Larry Robinson has a career +\\- of 730! How about the fact that Wayne Gretzky had 2,857 career points, which is nearly 1,000 more than second place Mark Messier. However, the latest astounding factoid is that Detroit Red Wings coach Mike Babcock has somehow still not won a Jack Adams Award. [PAR] The Jack Adams award is given out by the National Hockey League to the coach \u201cadjudged to have contributed the most to his team\u2019s success.\u201d It is voted on annually by the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association at the end of each season. Ottawa Senators head coach Paul Maclean took home the award last year, so it\u2019s safe to say that having the best record or most talented team does not guarantee a victory. [PAR] Mike Babcock has been an NHL head coach since 2002 when he took over the then Anaheim Mighty Ducks. Before arriving in the NHL, Babcock played for McGill University in Montreal where he was captain. He was not exactly a standout player, but played a couple seasons in the WHL. Babcock is the only coach to be in what is known as the Triple Gold Club. He gained entry into this once uninhibited club by winning a Stanley Cup in 2008, an Olympic gold medal in 2010, and also an IIHF World Championship. [PAR] However this 2013-14 season may be Babcock\u2019s most impressive yet, and that\u2019s not even taking his gold medal in Sochi as Canadian head coach into consideration. It cannot be very difficult to coach players like Pavel Datsyk, Henrik Zetterberg, and Daniel Alfredsson. They\u2019re experienced veterans who understand Coach Babcock\u2019s philosophy and put the team as a whole above their individual play. [PAR] However, in an injury riddled season that has sidelined the likes of Datsyuk, Zetterberg, Alfredsson, Weiss, Franzen, Abdelkader, Helm, Bertuzzi, Ericsson, Cleary, Howard, Gustavsson, and Dekeyser, Babcock has more often than not found himself with a varied roster for much of his gamedays. [PAR] Sure when a coach has top talent it is more than likely they will earn top results. The fact that Babcock has iced a side made up of almost half Grand Rapids Griffins makes the second half of the season for the Red Wings all the more impressive. Babcock has managed to sprinkle in youthful talent with some of the remaining veterans and the team has now been playing their best run of hockey all season. And that has been largely without two of the top 10 forwards in the NHL. The most astounding part of this is that the young kids are having the greatest success of anyone on the team. Their reward? A 23rd straight trip to the Stanley Cup playoffs, something the Wings\u2019 franchise used to take for granted, but this year had to really fight for. [PAR] Gustav Nyquist has undoubtedly been the most exciting player in the NHL. In just 52 games played Goose has 28 goals and 18 assists. Tatar, Jurco, and Sheahan have been just as impressive even if they do not have the stat lines to match. Credit needs to be given to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How To Change a Habit and Make It Stick - Sources of Insight How To Change a Habit and Make It Stick [PAR] How To Change a Habit and Make It Stick [PAR] How To Change a Habit and Make It Stick [PAR] By [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] \"A habit cannot be tossed out the window; it must be coaxed down the stairs a step at a time.\" \u2013 Mark Twain [PAR] If you want to change a habit and make it stick, this post has the keys (and just in time for New Years resolutions.) While the saying may go, \u201cwhere there\u2019s a will there\u2019s a way,\u201d I find it\u2019s way more effective to bet on techniques that work, or at least improve your chances for success. [PAR] When it comes to change, stack the deck in your favor. [PAR] Steps to Change a Habit [PAR] Here are the key steps for making your change happen: [PAR] Step 1. Start with a Compelling Why [PAR] Step 2. Catch Yourself in the Habit [PAR] Step 3. Choose Your New Response [PAR] Step 1. Start with a Compelling \"Why\" [PAR] Why do you need to change to this new behavior? If you don\u2019t feel you need to, you aren\u2019t going to do it. Meaningful change happens out of purpose or pain, not convenience. [PAR] To bottom line it, if it\u2019s not compelling, you won\u2019t change. You need a strong, emotionally compelling reason to make the change. Are you doing it for yourself? Are you doing it for your kids? Find the reason that gives you the most inner strength. You\u2019re going to need this during your trying times and your moments of choice. [PAR] Change doesn\u2019t have to take forever. Remember Ebenezer Scrooge \u2014 it was a life-changing event for him and it happened over night. The real key here though is having something to move towards or change to. It\u2019 tough to just move away from a pattern. Instead, have a replacement pattern that you want to implement. [PAR] Step 2. Catch Yourself in the Habit [PAR] There are events in your day that trigger your habit. For example, maybe it\u2019s every time you feel stressed, you reach for your habit to comfort you. It might just be part of your routine. For example, maybe you\u2019ve baked it into your morning routine or when you come home at night. Make sure you identify these triggers and events up front, so you recognize them when they happen. [PAR] What\u2019s important is to know when it happens, so you can catch yourself. Catch yourself in the moment, and pause. It\u2019s these moments that you\u2019re going to introduce your chance to choose your new response. These are your choice points. [PAR] Step 3. Choose Your New Response [PAR] As Nike says, \"Just do it.\" Implement your replacement pattern. This is where it counts. The key thing here is that you\u2019re choosing your new response. This is where your compelling \"Why\" kicks in. If it doesn\u2019t invoke enough emotion for you, then it\u2019s not compelling enough. [PAR] The key here is to make your new habit, feel good. You can do that by linking it to good feelings, such as playing your favorite song. You can also think the thoughts that serve you, such as \"why\" you\u2019re making the change. You can also focus on \"how\" you\u2019re making the change. Either way, you engage your mind and emotions to support you. It\u2019s a tag team. [PAR] Create Glide Paths to Make It Stick [PAR] Another thing you can do here is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Technology | Mobiles rack up 20 years of use BBC NEWS | Technology | Mobiles rack up 20 years of use [PAR] Mobiles rack up 20 years of use [PAR] Comedian Ernie Wise makes the UK's first mobile phone call [PAR] Mobile phones in the UK are celebrating their 20th anniversary this weekend. [PAR] Britain's first mobile phone call was made across the Vodafone network on 1 January 1985 by veteran comedian Ernie Wise. [PAR] In the 20 years since that day, mobile phones have become an integral part of modern life and now almost 90% of Britons own a handset. [PAR] Mobiles have become so popular that many people use their handset as their only phone and rarely use a landline. [PAR] Slow growth [PAR] The first ever call over a portable phone was made in 1973 in New York but it took 10 years for the first commercial mobile service to be launched. [PAR] The UK was not far behind the rest of the world in setting up networks in 1985 that let people make calls while they walked. [PAR] The first call was made from St Katherine's dock to Vodafone's head office in Newbury which at the time was over a curry house. [PAR] For the first nine days of 1985 Vodafone was the only firm with a mobile network in the UK. Then on 10 January Cellnet (now O2) launched its service. [PAR] Mike Caudwell, spokesman for Vodafone, said that when phones were launched they were the size of a briefcase, cost about \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd2,000 and had a battery life of little more than 20 minutes. [PAR] In 1986 phones were big, bulky and black [PAR] \"Despite that they were hugely popular in the mid-80s,\" he said. \"They became a yuppy must-have and a status symbol among young wealthy business folk.\" [PAR] This was also despite the fact that the phones used analogue radio signals to communicate which made them very easy to eavesdrop on. [PAR] He said it took Vodafone almost nine years to rack up its first million customers but only 18 months to get the second million. [PAR] \"It's very easy to forget that in 1983 when we put the bid document in we were forecasting that the total market would be two million people,\" he said. \"Cellnet was forecasting half that.\" [PAR] Now Vodafone has 14m customers in the UK alone. [PAR] Cellnet and Vodafone were the only mobile phone operators in the UK until 1993 when One2One (now T-Mobile) was launched. Orange had its UK launch in 1994. [PAR] Both newcomers operated digital mobile networks and now all operators use this technology. The analogue spectrum for the old phones has been retired. [PAR] Called Global System for Mobiles (GSM) this is now the most widely used phone technology on the planet and is used to help more than 1.2 billion people make calls. [PAR] Mr Caudwell said the advent of digital technology also helped to introduce all those things, such as text messaging and roaming that have made mobiles so popular.[DOC] [TLE] Britain's first mobile-phone call was made 30 years ago - CNET Britain's first mobile-phone call was made 30 years ago - CNET [PAR] Britain's first mobile-phone call was made 30 years ago [PAR] Britain's first mobile-phone call was made 30 years ago [PAR] Discover the history of the UK's first mobile-phone call, on 1 January 1985; meet the first person in Britain to buy a mobile phone; and find out how Ernie Wise was involved. [PAR] Up Next Nintendo Switch: All the details you've been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] European Union Countries - About.com Education European Union Countries [PAR] European Union Countries [PAR] European Union Countries [PAR] Romania and Bulgaria New EU Members as of January 1, 2007 [PAR] The European Union flag has a blue field, with 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle, representing the union of the peoples of Europe; the number of stars is fixed. Source: CIA World Factbook, 2007"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Driving in Japan Driving in Japan [PAR] Driving in Japan [PAR] Expressways [PAR] Driving a car [PAR] Japan's large metropolitan areas around Tokyo , Osaka and Nagoya are served by highly efficient public transportation systems. Consequently, many residents do not own a car or do not even possess a driver's license. Outside the big cities, however, public transportation tends to be inconvenient or infrequent, and most people rely on cars to get around. [PAR] Also see our guide on renting a car in Japan . [PAR] Roads and rules [PAR] Cars drive on the left side of the road and have the driver's seat and steering wheel on their right side. The legal minimum age for driving is 18 years. Road signs and rules follow international standards, and most signs on major roads are in Japanese and English. Drinking and driving is strictly prohibited. [PAR] The typical speed limits are 80 to 100 km/h on expressways, 40 km/h in urban areas, 30 km/h in side streets and 50 to 60 km/h elsewhere; however, drivers tend to go a little over the posted speed limits. [PAR] Most roads in Japan are toll free with the exception of expressways and some scenic driving routes. Road conditions tend to be good, although side streets in the cities can be rather narrow or even impassable to larger vehicles. Traffic congestion is a frequent problem in and around urban centers. [PAR] Drivers generally tend to be well mannered and considerate, however some common dangers on Japanese roads include drivers speeding over intersections even well after the traffic light has turned red, people stopping their vehicles at the edge of the road in a way in which they block traffic, and careless cyclists , especially those who ride on the wrong side of the road. [PAR] A major street in Sendai [PAR] International Driving Permits [PAR] Foreigners can drive in Japan with an International Driving Permit (IDP) for a maximum of one year, even if the IDP is valid for a longer period. It is not possible to drive on an International Driving Permit again unless you return to your home country for at least three consecutive months in between. [PAR] International driving permits are not issued in Japan and should be obtained in your home country in advance. They are usually issued through your country's national automobile association for a small fee. Japan only recognizes international driving permits based on the 1949 Geneva Convention, which are issued by a large number of countries. [PAR] Belgium, France, Germany, Monaco, Slovenia, Switzerland and Taiwan do not issue permits based on the 1949 Geneva Convention, but instead have a separate agreement that allows drivers from these countries to drive in Japan for up to one year with an official Japanese translation of their driver's license. A translation can be obtained from the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) or some of the respective countries' embassies or consulates in Japan. [PAR] People from other countries whose international driving permits are not recognized by Japan and people who stay in Japan for more than one year, must obtain a Japanese driver's license. [PAR] Expressway [PAR] Japanese Driver's Licenses [PAR] Japan has bilateral agreements with more than twenty countries, including Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United Kingdom, to ease the process of acquiring a Japanese license. If you hold a valid driver's license from one of these countries you can get a Japanese license without taking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boo - Disney Magic Kingdoms Wiki - Wikia Boo | Disney Magic Kingdoms Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] About [PAR] Mary Gibbs, better known as Boo, is the tritagonist in Disney/Pixar's 2001 animated film, Monsters, Inc. [PAR] Boo is a three-year-old toddler who is curious and naive. She can speak, but has a baby, gibberish vocabulary. The only actual words she says in the film are \"Boo!\", \"Kitty!\" and \"Mike Wazowski!\". Boo is unafraid of any monster except Randall, the scarer assigned to her door. She believes Sulley is a large cat and refers to him as \"Kitty\". [PAR] The book based on the film gives Boo's \"real\" name as Mary Gibbs, the name of her voice actress. In the film, one of Boo's drawings is covered with the name \"Mary\". [PAR] Interactions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Song of Hiawatha | poem by Longfellow | Britannica.com The Song of Hiawatha | poem by Longfellow | Britannica.com [PAR] The Song of Hiawatha [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in Hiawatha [PAR] ...He taught agriculture, navigation, medicine, and the arts, conquering by his magic all the powers of nature that war against man. The story of Hiawatha is told in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow\u2019s Song of Hiawatha (1855), a long poem, written in the metre of the Finnish Kalevala, that enjoyed wide popularity. [PAR] ...feet (16 metres) and were known earlier as Little Falls or Brown\u2019s Falls. They were immortalized as the \u201claughing water\u201d in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow\u2019s epic poem The Song of Hiawatha (1855). [PAR] Where the Falls of Minnehaha [PAR] Flash and gleam among the oak-trees, [PAR] Laugh and leap into the valley. [PAR] in Pipestone [PAR] ...college campus. Pipestone National Monument is immediately northwest, and Split Rock Creek State Park is southwest. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow popularized the quarries in The Song of Hiawatha (1855); the city has a Hiawatha Club that stages an annual theatrical pageant. Inc. village, 1881; city, 1901. Pop. (2000) 4,280; (2010) 4,317. [PAR] in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow [PAR] ...1854. In 1855, using Henry Rowe Schoolcraft\u2019s two books on the Indian tribes of North America as the base and the trochaic metrics of the Finnish epic Kalevala as his medium, he fashioned The Song of Hiawatha (1855). Its appeal to the public was immediate. Hiawatha is an Ojibwa Indian who, after various mythic feats, becomes his people\u2019s leader and marries Minnehaha before..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Man in the Iron Mask (TV Movie 1977) - IMDb The Man in the Iron Mask (TV Movie 1977) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1977 ) [PAR] 1h 40min [PAR] The story of Louis XIV of France and his attempts to keep his identical twin brother Philippe imprisoned away from sight and knowledge of the public, and Philippe's rescue by the aging ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] William Bast (screenplay), Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re (based on the novel by) (as Alexandre Dumas) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 164 titles [PAR] created 25 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 20 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 15 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 372 titles [PAR] created 11 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 247 titles [PAR] created 3 weeks ago [PAR] Title: The Man in the Iron Mask (TV Movie 1977) [PAR] 6.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Primetime Emmys. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A young officer, falsely imprisoned by his jealous \"friends,\" escapes and uses a hidden treasure to exact his revenge. [PAR] Director: David Greene [PAR] An English navigator becomes both pawn and player in the deadly political games in feudal Japan. [PAR] Director: Jerry London [PAR] It's 1649: Mazarin hires the impoverished D'Artagnan to find the other musketeers: Cromwell has overthrown the English king, so Mazarin fears revolt, particularly from the popular Beaufort.... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] A young swordsman comes to Paris and faces villains, romance, adventure and intrigue with three Musketeer friends. [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] The Four Musketeers defend the queen and her dressmaker from Cardinal Richelieu and Milady de Winter. [PAR] Director: Richard Lester [PAR] A English navigator becomes both a player and pawn in the complex political games in feudal Japan. [PAR] Stars: Richard Chamberlain, Toshir\u00f4 Mifune, Y\u00f4ko Shimada [PAR] The Bourne Identity (TV Mini-Series 1988) [PAR] Action | Adventure | Drama [PAR] A 1988 television adaptation of Robert Ludlum's thriller. An injured, unconscious man (Richard Chamberlain) washes ashore in a small French town. As he recovers, it becomes quite clear, someone is trying to kill him. Jaclyn Smith co-stars. [PAR] Stars: Richard Chamberlain, Jaclyn Smith, Anthony Quayle [PAR] Despotic King Louis XIV discovers he has a twin brother who has grown up under the tutelage of his foster father, the patriotic musketeer D'Artagnan. [PAR] Director: James Whale [PAR] A lad jousting with his tutor is kidnaped and carried to the Bastille where his head is locked in an iron mask. Jump ten years: Musketeers return from war in Morocco to find Paris starving ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: William Richert [PAR] Civil War has just finished, but things in the country aren't much better, especially in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II becomes longest-reigning British - and ... Queen Elizabeth II becomes longest-reigning British - and Australian - monarch | SBS News [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II becomes longest-reigning British - and Australian - monarch [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II becomes longest-reigning British - and Australian - monarch [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II is now the longest-reigning monarch in British history, surpassing Queen Victoria's reign of 63 years and 216 days. [PAR] 9 Sep 2015 - 3:04 PM UPDATED 9 Sep 2015 - 4:00 PM [PAR] In that time she has made 16 visits to Australia and each trip is remembered fondly by her supporters. [PAR] [PAR] David Flint was 16 years old when Queen Elizabeth II paid her first visit to Australia. [PAR] [PAR] It was 1954 and the recently-crowned Queen, with her husband Prince Phillip, sailed into Sydney Harbour after more than six weeks at sea. [PAR] [PAR] Professor Flint is now the National Convenor of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy and says the public clamoured to meet the Queen. [PAR] [PAR] \"There was this enormous feeling of excitement and pleasure across the country. Here was this young, beautiful woman and her handsome consort, coming to Australia. I think the country was absolutely united because there was very strong support for the royal family, particularly during the war. The king had been a symbol of resistance against Hitler and there was this feeling of wonderment that here is the Queen, finally with us.\" [PAR] [PAR] It was the first time a reigning monarch had set foot on Australian soil, something she may have had in mind as she spoke immediately after arriving at Sydney Harbour. [PAR] [PAR] \"Standing at last on Australian soil, on this spot that is the birthplace of the nation, I want to tell you all how happy I am to be amongst you and how much I look forward to my journey through Australia.\" [PAR] [PAR] The Queen has since visited Australia another 15 times, often tied to important occasions such as opening the Sydney Opera House and the new Parliament House. [PAR] [PAR] For life-long supporters, such as David Flint, Queen Elizabeth's record-setting reign represents a key part of Australia's history and, he hopes, its future. [PAR] [PAR] \"She said that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be dedicated to your service and the great Imperial family to which we all belong. That key, what she offered and she promised, was service and we see that now.\" [PAR] [PAR] However Australia's republicans are using the milestone to call for the Queen to be the last non-Australian head of state. [PAR] [PAR] Australian Republic Movement Chairman Peter FitzSimons says the country is ready to step away from Britain's royals. [PAR] [PAR] \"We've got people across the political spectrum supporting us. We're not arguing for revolution, we're arguing for evolution. We're saying, the time has come.\" [PAR] [PAR] But the republic debate continues to divide the public. [PAR] [PAR] \"I love the Queen. I don't want some old fella here being in charge!\" [PAR] \"I couldn't care less.\" [PAR] \"Me either.\" [PAR] \"I realise she isn't running the country, she isn't a governor unfortunately, but I still think her influence is good.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flour Cooking Guide - How To Cooking Tips - RecipeTips.com Flour Cooking Guide - How To Cooking Tips - RecipeTips.com [PAR] [PAR] Flour Used as a Thickening Agent [PAR] Flour is one of the most often used thickening agents when cooking foods such as sauces, gravies, soups, stews, and gumbos. Two thickening agents prepared with flour - a roux and a beurre mani\u00e9 - are among the most popular methods for using flour as a thickener. A roux is a flour and fat combination that is cooked before it is used as a thickener, and beurre mani\u00e9 is a flour and fat paste that is not cooked before it is used. [PAR] Preparing a Roux [PAR] Roux is a thickening agent made from cooked flour and fat and is used to thicken sauces, gravies, and soups. It is cooked to varying degrees to create a white, yellow, or brown, depending on how long the mixture is cooked and how it will be used. The roux can be used immediately when preparing sauces or soups or it can be cooled, wrapped, and stored in the refrigerator for later use. [PAR] All-purpose flour is most commonly used for a roux. It has moderate levels of starch and protein, so the thickening power is also moderate. (The more starch content of the flour, the more thickening power.) It is important to remember that different types of flour have different starch to protein ratios and therefore have different degrees of thickening power. Flour with a high starch content, such as cake flour, has more thickening power than flour with a high protein and low starch content, such as bread flour. [PAR] Clarified butter is the most common type of fat used by professionals when making a roux, especially when preparing a delicate white sauce. When using clarified butter, the resulting sauce is smoother. Whole butter is also commonly used, but the sauce may require skimming during preparation to remove impurities that float to the surface. Other fats, such as oils or even pork fat, are occasionally used for a roux, especially for heavier brown sauces, soups, stews, and gumbos. [PAR] The accepted standard for the quantities of flour and fat to use for a roux is a ratio of 6 parts flour to 4 parts fat by weight. The quantity of liquid that will be added to the roux must also be considered when preparing the roux as well as the desired thickness of the resulting sauce, gravy, or soup. Use the following as a guide for preparing a roux: [PAR] For every cup of liquid that will be added to the roux, add: [PAR] Thin Sauce = 1 tablespoon of flour [PAR] Medium Sauce = 1\u00bd tablespoons of flour [PAR] Thick Sauce = 2 tablespoons of flour [PAR] Using above figures as a guide, 2 cups of a medium thickness sauce would require 3 tablespoons of flour and using the 6 to 4 ratio of flour to fat, 2 tablespoons fat would be required. [PAR] [PAR] Preparing a Roux for a Velout\u00e9 Sauce [PAR] Although easy to make, a roux must be made correctly in order to successfully prepare many types of sauces. Overcooking or undercooking the roux will affect the flavor of the final dish, therefore it is important to use a heavy-bottomed saucepan so that heat is conducted evenly. It also prevents the roux form burning, which would ruin the flavor of the sauce or soup. Described below are the steps necessary for preparing a roux used in a velout\u00e9 sauce. [PAR] Ingredients required: [PAR] White or black pepper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil in the World Cup 1970 - Mexico Brazil in the 1970 World Cup in Mexico [PAR] The starting team against Italy: [PAR] Carlos Alberto, Felix, Piazza, Brito, Clodoaldo and Marco Antonio; [PAR] Jairzinho, G\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrson, Tost\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo, Pel\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and Rivelino. [PAR] The team: F\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlix, Carlos Alberto (C), Brito, Piazza and Marco Antonio; Clodoaldo, G\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrson and Pel\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd; Jairzinho, Tost\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo and Rivelino. [PAR] Substitutes: Ado, Le\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo, Baldochi, Z\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Maria, Everaldo, Fontana, Paulo C\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsar Caju, Roberto, Dario and Edu. [PAR] Coach: Zagallo. [PAR] \u00bb Brazil 4 x 1 Czechoslovakia. [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 1 x 0 England . [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 3 x 2 Romania. [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 4 x 2 Peru. [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 3 x 1 Uruguay . [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 4 x 1 Italy . [PAR] Read also information about the World Cup Brazil 2014 : [PAR] \u00bb Cities ; matches will take place in twelve host cities. [PAR] \u00bb Stadiums ; photos and information about all stadiums of the World Cup. [PAR] \u00bb Teams ; there will be 32 teams in Brazil. [PAR] \u00bb Tickets ; how and where to buy, what's the price. [PAR] \u00bb Confederations Cup 2013 , a rehearsal for the World Cup. [PAR] The Preparation [PAR] Mexico 70 Poster [PAR] As it was the norm back in the days, Brazil won all six matches of the Qualifiers, beating Paraguay, Colombia and Venezuela. [PAR] See results of the Qualifiers to the 1970 World Cup . [PAR] Whenever there is a survey in Brazil about which was the best team ever, this 1970 team ranks among the favourites; the other usual candidates are the teams of 1958 (which had Pel\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, Didi and Garrincha playing together) and of 1982 (which, despite having enchanted the world, did not win the championship). [PAR] The preparation to the tournament had been turbulent; Brazil did not leave to Mexico as a favourite to be the champion. [PAR] Brazilians didn't do well in the 1966 Cup in England , so they had to play the Qualifiers against Colombia, Venezuela and Paraguay. [PAR] As expected, Brazil was far superior to the adversaries, and had six winnings, 23 goals against two conceded; the last match of the qualifyings, Brazil 1 x 0 Paraguay, had the largest official audience ever for a football match, with 183,341 spectators (unofficial reports say that the match Brazil 1 x 2 Uruguay, in 1950 , had had nearly 200,000 attendants, but the official figure was \"only\" 173.850 attendants). [PAR] The problems of the team were outside the field. [PAR] The Brazilian coach during the Qualifying was Jo\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo Saldanha . [PAR] First off, Saldanha was a journalist, and there was some lobby from other physical education professionals, who claimed that he was not supposed to be a football coach, even less to be the coach of the Brazilian team. [PAR] Next, Saldanha was a communist, an affiliate member of the Brazilian Communist Party ; that was not a good credential, in a moment that the Brazilian regime was ruled by the Military, who had overthrown the previous President accusing him of trying to turn Brazil into a Communist country. [PAR] Then, there was Saldanha's character, very aggressive towards his critics. [PAR] Saldanha said that Pel\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and Tost\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo could not play in the same team, as they had similar abilities; besides, Saldanha said that Pel\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd had sight problems, and should be dismissed. Many Brazilian fans disagreed with Saldanha's opinions. [PAR] Among those fans, there was the President of the Republic, the General Emilio Medici, who had a personal simpathy for Dario, a center forward who was not in Saldanha's plans; when Medici suggested, through the media, that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Geneva travel guide - Wikitravel Lake Geneva travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] 11 Get out [PAR] For other places with the same name, see Lake Geneva (disambiguation) . [PAR] Lake Geneva, known in French as Lac L\u00e9man, is one of the largest lakes in western Europe. It lies on the course of the Rhone river on the frontier between France and Switzerland . [PAR] Aside from the city and canton of Geneva most destinations in the Lake Geneva region are in either the Swiss canton of Vaud or the French department of Haute Savoie . For its part Vaud is the largest canton in the French speaking part of Switzerland, and the third largest in the country as a whole. The geography is varied, with the Jura mountains in the north, a hilly plain in the center and in the southwest the Alps. The main attractions of the region are the cities and towns surrounding the lake, the opportunities for skiing and hiking in both mountain ranges, and of course the lake itself. [PAR] Talk[ edit ] [PAR] The shores of Lake Geneva are entirely French speaking, though you will also hear Swiss German, Italian, and English. In Geneva and Lausanne, it is not uncommon for people around you to be having conversations in four different languages. [PAR] By air[ edit ] [PAR] The only airport in this region is in Geneva (Gen\u00e8ve-Cointrin). It is smaller than the airport in Z\u00fcrich , but very heavily internationally connected due to the UN's presence in Geneva. You can also easily fly into Z\u00fcrich and catch an express train south. [PAR] By train[ edit ] [PAR] The TGV from France and the Cisalpino from Italy stop in Geneva, Lausanne, Vevey, and Montreux. From Germany or Austria you will have to change in Basel or Z\u00fcrich. [PAR] Get around[ edit ] [PAR] Most towns on Lake Geneva are served by the boats of the Compagnie G\u00e9nerale de navigation (CGN) . As well as modern boats, CGN operates five heritage paddle steamers build at the beginning of the 20th century. On some routes, boats are the fastest mean of transport (between Lausanne and Evian, for example). On most other routes though, boats are much slower than trains, but they often offer more scenic views. [PAR] Private boat tours and transfers from Geneva to any port on the lake is by L\u00e9man Transfers. Groups of up to 6 passengers can be privately chauffeured around the lake. - L\u00e9man Transfers .[DOC] [TLE] Lomography - Cruise on Lake Leman Cruise on Lake Leman \u00b7 Lomography [PAR] 2010-08-05 1 4 Share Tweet [PAR] If you want to feel the wind on your face and feel the relaxing mist of the sea, go to Switzerland and have a look see at Lake Geneva. Cruising on the lake is a very nice way to enjoy the beautiful landscapes of Lake Leman which is one of the biggest lakes in Europe. [PAR] Lake Geneva (named lac L\u00e9man in French) is the largest lake in Western Europe. It lies between France and Switzerland. The southern shore belongs to France. The lake is 70 km long, and is skirted by vineyards and beautiful sun-drenched towns (many with shore side castles) on the Swiss side, and dominated by the French Alps on the south side. [PAR] There are many options ranging from simple cross-lake passenger ferries in Geneva to longer sightseeing trips ans dinner cruises departing from various lake-side towns, including Geneva, Nyon, Yvoire, Evian, Lausanne, Vevey and Montreux. [PAR] The largest number of departures is from Geneva on the southwestern point"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Decompression Illness: What Is It and What Is The ... Decompression Illness: What Is It and What Is The Treatment? \u2014 DAN | Divers Alert Network \u2014 Medical Dive Article [PAR] Decompression Illness: What Is It and What Is The Treatment? [PAR] By Dr. E.D. Thalmann, DAN Assistant Medical Director [PAR] With reports by Ren\u00e9e Duncan, editor, and Joel Dovenbarger, vice president, DAN Medical Services [PAR] NOTE: This article was published in March/April 2004. [PAR] Decompression illness, or DCI, is a term used to describe illness that results from a reduction in the ambient pressure surrounding a body. A good example is what happens to your body when you&#39re surfacing after a dive. [PAR] DCI encompasses two diseases, decompression sickness (DCS) and arterial gas embolism (AGE). DCS is thought to result from bubbles growing in tissue and causing local damage, while AGE results from bubbles entering the lung circulation, traveling through the arteries and causing tissue damage at a distance by blocking blood flow at the small vessel level. [PAR] Who Gets DCI? [PAR] Decompression illness affects scuba divers, aviators, astronauts and compressed-air workers. It occurs in approximately 1,000 U.S. scuba divers each year. Moreover, DCI hits randomly. The main risk factor for DCI is a reduction in ambient pressure, but there are other risk factors that will increase the chance of DCI occurring. These known risk factors are deep / long dives, cold water, hard exercise at depth, and rapid ascents. [PAR] Rapid ascents are closely linked to the risk of AGE. Other factors thought to increase the risk of DCI but for which evidence is not conclusive are obesity, dehydration, hard exercise immediately after surfacing, and pulmonary disease. In addition, there seem to be individual risk factors that have not yet been identified. This is why some divers seem to get DCI more frequently than others although they are following the same dive profile. [PAR] Since DCI is a random event, almost any dive profile can result in DCI, no matter how safe it seems. The reason is that the risk factors, both known and unknown, can influence the probability of DCI in myriad ways. Because of this, evaluation of a diver for possible decompression illness must be made on a case-by-case basis by evaluating the diver&#39s signs and symptoms and not just based on the dive profile. [PAR] Decompression Sickness [PAR] Decompression sickness (DCS, also called the bends or caisson disease) is the result of inadequate decompression following exposure to increased pressure. In some cases, the disease is mild and not an immediate threat. In other cases, serious injury does occur; when this happens, the quicker treatment begins, the better the chance for a full recovery. [PAR] During a dive, the body tissues absorb nitrogen from the breathing gas in proportion to the surrounding pressure. As long as the diver remains at pressure, the gas presents no problem. If the pressure is reduced too quickly, however, the nitrogen comes out of solution and forms bubbles in the tissues and bloodstream. This commonly occurs as a result of violating or approaching too closely the diving table limits, but it can also occur even when accepted guidelines have been followed. [PAR] Bubbles forming in or near joints are the presumed cause of the joint pain of a classical \"bend.\" When high levels of bubbles occur, complex reactions can take place in the body, usually in the spinal cord or brain. Numbness, paralysis and disorders of higher cerebral function may result. If great amounts of decompression are missed and large numbers of bubbles enter the venous bloodstream, congestive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Black Friday: Sales Statistics and Trends What Is Black Friday: Sales Statistics and Trends [PAR] By Kimberly Amadeo [PAR] Updated November 24, 2016 [PAR] Black Friday is November 25, 2016, the day after Thanksgiving. It's traditionally the busiest shopping day of the year. It kicks off the critical holiday season. The holiday shopping season is crucial for the economy because around 30 percent of annual retail sales occur between Black Friday and Christmas . For some retailers, such as jewelers, it's even higher -- nearly 40 percent. [PAR] Black Friday Sales Statistics [PAR] On Black Friday itself, 74.2 million shopped in 2015. [PAR] The NRF annual survey said that 99.8 million people would shop. That is the lowest level of Black Friday participation since 2011. Only 87 million shopped in 2014, 92 million in 2013, 89 million in 2012 and 85 million in 2011. [PAR] Nearly 35 million people shopped on Thanksgiving Day. That's more than 25.6 million who went out in 2014. It's still less than the 45 million who shopped in 2013, but on par with the 35 million in 2012. (Source: \" Thanksgiving Weekend Shopping Brings Crowds ,\" National Retail Federation, November 29, 2015. \" 2015 Thanksgiving Sales Projections \", November 20, 2015. \" November 2014 Survey .\" National Retail Federation. \"Americans Gobbled Up Thanksgiving Weekend Deals,\" National Retail Federation, December 1, 2013.) [PAR] The number of people shopping over the three-day Black Friday weekend was lower, too. Only 135.7 million said they'd go out, less than the 140.1 million who said they would in 2014. [PAR] Spending is down, too. Here's the breakout. [PAR] Black Friday Weekend Shopping Statistics [PAR] Year [PAR] 3.6% [PAR] [PAR] Keep in mind the NRF's estimate is usually overly optimistic. In 2015, it predicted $630.5 billion, but only $626.1 billion was sold. [PAR] For that reason, it's likely that 2016 sales will increase less than the forecast. (Source: \" National Retail Federation Forecasts Holiday Sales to Increase 3.6% ,\" National Retail Federation, October 4, 2016. \"Retail Holiday Sales Increase 3 Percent,\" National Retail Federation, January 15, 2016.) [PAR] Sales at some department stores fell. For example, Macy's sales fell 4.7 percent at existing stores in November and December. Macy's blamed the weather. More than 80 percent of the decline was in coats, hats, and other cold-weather clothing. Temperatures across the nation were unusually warm due to climate change. Retail analysts pointed to competition from lower-priced online and discount stores. (Source: \"Macy's to Slash Costs as Sales Sharply Decline,\" The Wall Street Journal, January 7, 2016.) [PAR] Why Are Sales Down? [PAR] What's caused the softening in retail sales? Shoppers are turning away from their previous love affair with credit card debt . Instead, families are more likely to use the money they saved or layaway. That means 41.9 percent use debit cards, 24 percent use cash, and 2.3 percent pay by check. Only 31.8 percent whip out the plastic to pay for holiday shopping. [PAR] Instead of using credit cards, families take advantage of low-interest rate loans to buy durable goods, like washing machines, televisions, and automobiles. For more, see Average Consumer Debt Statistics . [PAR] Many families are still concerned about the health of the economy. The government shutdown in 2013 and recurrent debt crises created an air of uncertainty for consumers and businesses alike. Companies hesitated to create full-time, good-paying jobs. Consumers won't spend without the assurance of steady incomes. [PAR] Shift to Thrift [PAR] The recession created a permanent shift to thrift in retail trends. That's not just a search for the lowest price,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | The odds of Deal or No Deal BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | The odds of Deal or No Deal [PAR] The odds of Deal or No Deal [PAR] By Richard Knight [PAR] Is Channel 4's gameshow Deal or No Deal a useful maths lesson, or a haven for superstition? [PAR] The sum is fixed at the beginning but the Banker's offer changes [PAR] Contestants on Deal or No Deal face 22 numbered boxes - each containing prize money, ranging from just one penny to a quarter of a million pounds. [PAR] The player holds just one of those boxes, not knowing how much money is inside. They choose a series of boxes to be opened and discarded. [PAR] If all the other boxes are opened the contestant will receive the amount that is in their own box, be it 1p or \u00a3250,000. [PAR] But during the process of opening the boxes, a \"Banker\" interrupts by telephone to offer a sum in order to get the contestant to stop the game. [PAR] The contestant must judge whether it is likely, bearing in mind the boxes that have been opened and discarded, that the amount in their box is higher than the amount being offered by the banker. [PAR] FIND OUT MORE... [PAR] More or Less is on BBC Radio 4 on Fridays at 1330 BST [PAR] Listen to the programme here [PAR] Opening a box with a very small amount inside - coloured blue - is good, because that low amount is eliminated. Opening a box with a high amount inside - coloured red - is bad, for the same reason. [PAR] The distribution of prizes is highly skewed. When the game starts, the mean average of the prizes received by contestants is almost \u00a326,000. [PAR] But only five out of 22 boxes contain more than that, so the majority of players will have less than \u00a326,000 in their own box. [PAR] The mathematician player [PAR] And half the boxes contain \u00a3750 or less. Players tend to agonise over which boxes to open. But the truth is they might as well choose at random. [PAR] The interesting decision is the one that gives the show its title - whether to say \"deal\" or \"no deal\" when the Banker intervenes. [PAR] The anonymous Banker communicates only via a Bakelite telephone - he offers the contestant cash in exchange for the unknown sum in his or her box. [PAR] Mathematics does not rule everyone's choices [PAR] The mathematician-player basing their decision on probability would only exchange the unknown quantity inside their box for the Banker's offer if that offer were higher than the value they could expect to win by chance. [PAR] The value they could expect to win by chance could be calculated by dividing the total amount of money still in the game by the number of remaining boxes. [PAR] The Banker's offer will tend to be lower than the \"expected value\" of the prize, but it is a sure thing. What is more, the Banker's offer will frequently be higher than the amounts in most of the remaining boxes. [PAR] The Banker's offers start low and edges closer to fair value as the game goes on, tempting contestants to stay in. [PAR] But of course, your typical player is probably not a mathematician. [PAR] Economists have studied the behaviour of the contestants. One paper was entitled Deal or No Deal? Decision Making under Risk in a Large-Payoff Game Show. [PAR] One idea is that people become less cautious about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Proper English Cottage Pie Recipe - Allrecipes.com Proper English Cottage Pie Recipe - Allrecipes.com [PAR] Caroline C [PAR] 10/7/2004 [PAR] I'm English, and apart from the addition of the pie crust (which I omitted), this is pretty authentic. Like others, I used a little ketchup instead of tomato paste. Also, I used Bisto Gravy Gra... [PAR] AUSSIEAMERICAN [PAR] 1/12/2011 [PAR] Being from Australia, cottage pie is a favourite when it comes to comfort food for the family. Overall, this recipe is pretty close to the orignial. Defeinitely omit the cinnamon. Not sure why y... [PAR] ESTEPHAN [PAR] 2/9/2007 [PAR] This was very good, but not earth-shaking. I agree with other reviewers on several points: (1) Though cinnamon can add a nice element with red meat, here it comes through too strongly; cut back... [PAR] SylvrFlwr [PAR] 7/30/2007 [PAR] I made this will slighly over a pound of ground beef and 4 large russet potatos. I absolutely NEEDED a 9 by 13 inch casserole dish! It would have certainly boiled over in a pie dish or an 8 by... [PAR] shewilbo [PAR] 6/21/2006 [PAR] The pie was very good. My husband enjoys English dishes and I expected something like the \"shepherd's pie\" that was served in the school cafeteria many years ago. For a hamburger meal, it had ... [PAR] SAMMARTI [PAR] 3/13/2003 [PAR] This is a good basic recipe, but be prepared to make some changes. I did not have \"Italian seasonings\" so I just added a couple pinches garlic powder, basil and oregano. Also red pepper flakes a... [PAR] ginny005 [PAR] 8/12/2011 [PAR] I am English and this recipe seems to be pretty authentic. However, cinnamon would not be used in an English dish like this. I have noticed a couple of reviewers mention a pie crust and it not... [PAR] TRISHDELISH [PAR] 11/19/2002 [PAR] Dennis the Menice really loved this recipe. I made a few changes though. I didn't have any fresh parsley laying around so I used about 1 Tbsp dried parsley. I ran to the store to get tomato p... [PAR] vicki [PAR] 4/1/2010 [PAR] people please read carefully. It says put into a pie plate not into a pie crust. otherwise the other comments and suggestions are worthwhile[DOC] [TLE] Traditional Cottage Pie Recipe - About.com Food Proper Cottage Pie Recipe [PAR] Proper Cottage Pie Recipe [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Traditional Cottage Pie Recipe. [PAR] Updated November 23, 2016. [PAR] Cottage pie is a British classic dish. It is hearty, fillng and warming food, but frankly, is quite delicious at any time. [PAR] There may look to be a lot of ingredients, but do not be put off. It is well worth the effort. [PAR] Use minced beef, or be ultra thrifty, and use up leftover beef from the Sunday roast to make your pie authentic (see below). [PAR] 900g / 2 lb peeled potatoes, quartered ( KIng Edwards are good) [PAR] 6 tbsp milk [PAR] 110g / 4 oz butter, cubed + 1 tbsp for the sauce [PAR] Salt and ground black pepper [PAR] 1/2 tbsp lard or dripping [PAR] 115g / 1 cup chopped onion [PAR] 115g / 1 cup chopped carrot [PAR] 1 clove garlic, minced [PAR] 450g / 2 cups ground/ minced beef** see note [PAR] 600 ml / 1 pint beef stock [PAR] 115g / 1 cup chopped white mushrooms (optional) [PAR] 2 tbsp finely chopped"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 5 Little Known Facts About 'Monopoly' [VIDEO] 5 Little Known Facts About 'Monopoly' [VIDEO] [PAR] credit: toys planet via youtube [PAR] In my experience that there are two types of people who play \u2018Monopoly.\u2019 [PAR] The ones that just play because they enjoy getting together with friends and breaking out a board game for \u2018family fun night\u2019 and then those who are down-right ruthless. [PAR] I\u2019ve played the game with the later. You may know a bit about how this person plays \u2018Monopoly.\u2019 [PAR] buying up all the properties [PAR] offering you a discount on \u2018rent\u2019 by you giving them the properties you own [PAR] getting upset when the game is not moving in their favor [PAR] Here are some little know facts about the board game of real-estate. [PAR] 1. Lizzie Maggie invented the game in 1902-1903 [PAR] 2. Originally it was called \u2018 The Landloard\u2019s Game\u2019 [PAR] 3. The Longest game ever played was 1,680 hours (70 days) [PAR] 4. The character locked behind bars is \u2018Jake the Jailbird\u2019 [PAR] 5. There is more Monopoly Money printed each year than real money [PAR] One of the newest changes in the game includes the new cat token. There is a right way and a wrong way to play with the cat.[DOC] [TLE] The Story Behind Monopoly Pieces | Cool Material The Story Behind Monopoly Pieces | Cool Material [PAR] The Story Behind Monopoly Pieces [PAR] Shares:1.7K [PAR] Shares: [PAR] 1.9K [PAR] While many board games use colorful little pegs as markers, Monopoly, the game with the unique power to unite and divide a family in the matter of an hour, has those odd tokens you\u2019re no doubt familiar with. You\u2019ve probably played more than a few games with the little racecar or thimble but never stopped to think, \u201cWhy the hell am I a thimble?\u201d [PAR] From Random Junk to Iconic Pieces [PAR] When Monopoly was first concocted, the game\u2019s inventor (although whether he stole the idea is highly disputed and probably true), Charles Darrow, envisioned players using small items from around their homes as playing pieces. Your sister could have been a button and you could have been a bottle cap or a lighter, for instance. It was at the suggestion of Darrow\u2019s niece that the pieces be charms from a girl\u2019s charm bracelet. If Darrow didn\u2019t give her a sizable paycheck for that advice, well, that\u2019s a damn shame because she was really the genius behind perhaps the most iconic part of the most iconic board game ever created. [PAR] Since the game was introduced in the 1930\u2019s, pieces have come and gone. Some have stuck around since the beginning, others have been given the boot, and one was just added earlier this year. Of course, if you are buying special editions, you may have encountered a few obscurities. For standard Monopoly players though, here\u2019s the story behind each piece. [PAR] Top Hat [PAR] Often considered the most recognizable icon of the game, the top hat is also one of the original pieces created in 1935. The token was based on the hat the game\u2019s lead character, Mr. Monopoly, would wear. Of course, when the game was introduced, he was known as Rich Uncle Pennybags, and many have speculated the character was based on J.P. Morgan. [PAR] Thimble [PAR] The piece of choice for reigning US Monopoly champion, Richard Marinaccio, the thimble is another of the original pieces from 1935. Much like the top hat and shoe, the thimble has appeared in most versions of the game that have been released. [PAR] Iron (Recently Retired)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Decepticon | Article about Decepticon by The Free Dictionary Decepticon | Article about Decepticon by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Decepticon | Article about Decepticon by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Decepticon [PAR] Decepticons [PAR] (pop culture) [PAR] The Transformers-Decepticons toy line and resulting media franchise represents one of the first successful examples of Japanese superheroes and supervillains adopted for an American audience. Transformers are intelligent robots (or large humanoids) with the capability to transform themselves, usually into inanimate objects (such as a fighter jet, car, or tank) or animals. The premise of the franchise relies on the age-old struggle between good and evil, with two main factions warring for control of their home planet, Cybertron. The heroic Autobots (called Cybertrons in the Japanese version) are led by Optimus Prime, and their opponents, the militaristic and brutal Decepticons (Destrons in the Japanese version), are led by Megatron. Megatron was responsible for beginning the Cybertronian Civil War, in which he exterminated Autobots by the millions and earned his claim to fame as the galaxy's most ruthless leader. Other potential world dominators have tried to usurp Megatron's power, including Astrotrain and Blitzwing, Shockwave, and Galvatron, a Decepticon created from Megatron himself. Hasbro began the toy line in 1984, which combined the Japanese toy company Takara's successful Diaclone and Micro Change toylines into a new brand for U.S. consumers. The basic backstory of the toy line and subsequent comic books and cartoons were developed by Marvel Comics writers Jim Shooter and Dennis O'Neil. Marvel published several series during the 1980s, even producing a four-issue miniseries, G.I. Joe and the Transformers in 1986, followed by later releases from the company in the 1990s. The animated TV series Transformers (1984\u20131987), created to support the toy franchise, focused on battle after battle as the domineering Decepticons attempted to destroy peace within the galaxy. Subsequent spin-offs, such as Beast Wars: Transformers (1996\u20131999), Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2001), and Transformers: Cybertron (2005) continued into the 1990s and 2000s. Capitalizing on these shows' high-action content and popularity, the now-defunct Dreamwave Studios published several Transformers comics between 2002 and 2004. A live-action Transformers movie boasts Dream- Works producer Steven Spielberg at the helm. With no less than four writers involved in the project at various points, fans eagerly await leaks regarding the film's development. In mid-2005 writer Alex Kurtzman acknowledged the challenge of developing a the storyline: \u201cIt's a movie franchise based on a toy line, so the first question you have to ask yourself is, \u2018Well, what's the movie?'\u201d In anticipation of the success of the film, IDW Publishing began publishing its line of Transformers comics in October 2005, led by the creative team of comics scribe Simon Furman and artist E. J. Su."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stretch Armstrong : Memory Glands \u2013 Funny Nostalgic Photos Stretch Armstrong : Memory Glands \u2013 Funny Nostalgic Photos [PAR] Stretch Armstrong [PAR] Stretch Armstrong was a large, gel-filled action figure first introduced in 1976 by Kenner. Stretch Armstrong was in the shape of a well-muscled blonde man wearing a pair of swimming trunks. Its most notable feature was that the doll could be stretched from its original size (about 15 inches) to four or five feet. However, if a tear did develop it could be fixed with an adhesive bandage. [PAR] A vacuum pump which attached to the heads of these figures removed the air from within, which would \u201cfreeze\u201d the toy in its stretched position. The doll was reissued in the 1990s with a canine sidekick, \u201cFetch Armstrong\u201d. He also has an evil brother named Evil X-ray Wretch Armstrong who has a skull face, sports a mohawk and also stretches. Wretch Armstong seems to be a redesigned, smaller remake of Stretch X-Ray."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LEGO Toy Bricks First Introduced (1958) LEGO Toy Bricks First Introduced (1958) [PAR] LEGO Toy Bricks First Introduced [PAR] LEGO Toy Bricks First Introduced [PAR] LEGO Toy Bricks. \u00a92004 The LEGO Group [PAR] 20th Century History Expert [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] LEGO Toy Bricks First Introduced (1958): The company that makes the famous, little, plastic, interlocking bricks known as LEGO started as a small shop in Billund, Denmark. Established in 1932 by master carpenter Ole Kirk Christiansen who was aided by his 12-year-old son Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, the company made wooden toys, stepladders, and ironing boards. It wasn't until two years later that the business took the name of LEGO, which came from the Danish words \"LEg GOdt,\" meaning \"play well.\" [PAR] Over the next several years, the company grew exponentially. From just a handful of employees in the early years, LEGO had grown to 50 employees by 1948. The product line had grown as well, with the addition of a LEGO duck, clothes hangers, a Numskull Jack on the goat, a plastic ball for babies, and some wooden blocks. [PAR] In 1947, the company made a huge purchase that was to transform the company and lead it to world fame. In that year, LEGO bought a plastic injection-molding machine, which could mass produce plastic toys. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] By 1949, this machine was producing about 200 different kinds of toys, including Automatic Binding Bricks, a plastic fish, and a plastic sailor. The Automatic Binding Bricks were the predecessor of the LEGO toys of today. [PAR] In 1953, the Automatic Binding Bricks were renamed LEGO Bricks and in 1958, these bricks underwent a slight change in their design, which transformed them into the LEGO Bricks we know today. Also in 1958, Ole Kirk Christiansen passed away and his son Godtfred became head of the LEGO company. [PAR] By the early 1960s, LEGO had gone international, with sales in Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Germany, and even Lebanon. Over the following decade, more countries started to sell LEGO toys, including the United States in 1973. [PAR] In 1964, for the first time, consumers could buy LEGO sets, which included all the parts and instructions to build a particular model. LEGO later introduced themed lines of LEGO, including town (1978), castle (1978), space (1979), pirates (1989), Western (1996), Star Wars (1999), and Harry Potter (2001). [PAR] For over half a century, these small, little, plastic bricks have sparked the imagination of children around the world and LEGO remain one of the world's most popular toys."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spirograph,Spirograph inventors | edubilla.com Spirograph,Spirograph inventors | edubilla.com [PAR] : Denys Fisher [PAR] About Invention [PAR] Spirograph is a geometric drawing toy that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids. It was developed by British engineer Denys Fisher and first sold in 1965. [PAR] Bruno Abakanowicz is widely credited as inventor of Spirograph which is kind of very important instrument in mathematics. It can be considered as toy that is used in geometry in mathematics but its functions are very important. It is used for producing roulette curves in mathematical format. These curves are termed as epitrochoids and hypotrochoids. It is also used in many software and that to describe those, which work on the same principal of these mathematical curves. It is also termed as a synonym of epitrochoid because of its work which is much similar to this unique instrument. Bruno invented the Spirograph in any time between the decades of 1880s and 1890s but the actual time is not known. The spirograph design by him was used for variety of tasks at that time. If there was any area which was delimited by curves then the spirograph was used to use to measure that area at that time.[DOC] [TLE] Spirograph - YouTube Spirograph - YouTube [PAR] Spirograph [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 11, 2014 [PAR] Spirograph is a geometric drawing toy that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids. [PAR] It was developed by British engineer Denys Fisher and first sold in 1965. The name has been a registered trademark of Hasbro, Inc., since it bought the Denys Fisher company. The Spirograph brand was relaunched with original product configurations in 2013 by Kahootz Toys. [PAR] This video is targeted to blind users. [PAR] Attribution: [PAR] Article text available under CC-BY-SA [PAR] Creative Commons image source in video [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cabbage Patch Kids | Walk Memory Lane Cabbage Patch Kids | Walk Memory Lane [PAR] Cabbage Patch Kids [PAR] 1980s , Babyland General Hospital , Cabbage Patch Kids , Coleco , dolls , Fad , Toys , Xavier Roberts [PAR] Cabbage Patch Kids (originally Coleco, 1982-1988) [PAR] This line of dolls were created by American art student Xavier Roberts in 1978 and called \u201cLittle People.\u201d The original Cabbage Patch Kids were made of all cloth and sold at local craft shows. Later, they were sold at Babyland General Hospital in Cleveland, Georgia. These dolls then went on to become one of the biggest fads of the 1980s and one of the biggest doll franchises. [PAR] Roger Schlaifer changed the dolls to \u201cCabbage Patch Kids\u201d when he bought the worldwide licensing rights. In 1982, Schlaifer and his wife Susanne created the backstory for the dolls where each \u201cchild\u201d were born in the cabbage patch. Coleco began mass production in 1982. Coleco gave the dolls large, round vinyl (hard plastic) heads and fabric bodies. The dolls were produced in a Gloversville, New York factory until the company went bankrupt in 1989. Hasbro, Mattel, Toys\u2019R\u2019Us and Play Along took turns producing the Cabbage Patch Kids. As of right now, the dolls are produced by Wicked Cool Tools. Cabbage Patch Kids have never been out of production since 1982, though they aren\u2019t remotely as popular now. [PAR] Cabbage Patch Kids weren\u2019t just dolls, they had books, movies/TV series, board games, albums. You name it, the Cabbage Patch Kids were all over it. They were everywhere in the 80s! [PAR] Share this:[DOC] [TLE] Kid80s.com: Cabbage Patch Kids with Hands That Hold ... Kid80s.com: Cabbage Patch Kids with Hands That Hold Commercial from the 80s - YouTube [PAR] Kid80s.com: Cabbage Patch Kids with Hands That Hold Commercial from the 80s [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 24, 2014 [PAR] Cabbage Patch Kids are a line of dolls created by American art student Xavier Roberts in 1978. It was originally called \"Little People\". The original dolls were all cloth and sold at local craft shows, then later at Babyland General Hospital in Cleveland, Georgia. The doll brand went on to become one of the most popular toy fads of the 1980s and one of the longest-running doll franchises in America. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newton's Cradle, 7.0\" - ScientificsOnline.com Newton's Cradle, 7.0\" - ScientificsOnline.com [PAR] Newton's Cradle, 7.0\" [PAR] (Hover over image to zoom in) [PAR] (Click image to enlarge) [PAR] Reviews [PAR] Who Knew the Conservation of Momentum and Kinetic Energy Could Be This Fun ? Sir Isaac, of course! [PAR] This classic desktop display piece has become a must have for office d\u00e9cor. Swing one steel marble back, let it go, and watch as kinetic energy causes the one on the opposite side to swing the same distance! If you\u2019re feeling saucy one day, try swinging two or three at once- just don\u2019t pass out from the excitement! [PAR] This 7\" desktop display model is a version of Newton\u2019s cradle, a device that demonstrates conservation of momentum and energy via a series of identically sized swinging spheres. When one ball on the end is lifted and released, the resulting force travels through the line and pushes the last ball upward. [PAR] Because it uses Newton\u2019s Laws, it was named after Sir Isaac Newton, English physicist, mathematician and astronomer, but was actually \"invented\" (brought into commercial application) in 1967 by English actor Simon Prebble. [PAR] Name[DOC] [TLE] Newton\u2019s Cradle Art in Motion, 7 1/4-Inch Balance Balls ... Newton\u2019s Cradle Art in Motion, 7 1/4-Inch Balance Balls \u2013 Black Wooden Base | WowCoolStuff.com [PAR] No products in the cart. [PAR] Search [PAR] Newton\u2019s Cradle Art in Motion, 7 1/4-Inch Balance Balls \u2013 Black Wooden Base [PAR] Home > Cool Stuff > Cool Kinetics Energy > Newton\u2019s Cradle Art in Motion, 7 1/4-Inch Balance Balls \u2013 Black Wooden Base [PAR] $6.90 (as of January 19, 2017, 12:37 pm) [PAR] Classic desk toy [PAR] Performing based on Newton\u2019s Laws [PAR] Frame and balls are made of metal [PAR] [{\"domain\":\"com\",\"name\":\"United States\"}] [PAR] Usually ships in 1-2 business days [PAR] Quantity: [PAR] Additional Information [PAR] Product Description [PAR] This classic desktop display piece has become a must have for office decor. Swing one steel marble back, let it go, and watch as kinetic energy causes the one on the opposite side to swing the same distance! If you\u2019re feeling saucy one day, try swinging two or three at once- just don\u2019t pass out from the excitement! This desktop display model is a version of Newton\u2019s cradle, a device that demonstrates conservation of momentum and energy via a series of identically sized swinging spheres. When one ball on the end is lifted and released, the resulting force travels through the line and pushes the last ball upward. Because it uses Newton\u2019s Laws, it was named after Sir Isaac Newton, English physicist, mathematician and astronomer, but was actually invented in 1967 by an English actor. [PAR] Classic desk toy [PAR] Performing based on Newton\u2019s Laws [PAR] Frame and balls are made of metal [PAR] Additional Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 3 Ways to Play Twister - wikiHow 3 Ways to Play Twister - wikiHow [PAR] Setting Up the Game [PAR] 1 [PAR] Make sure that you have 2 or 3 players. You will also need one person to serve as the referee, spinning the needle and calling out hand and foot positions. [PAR] If you have more than four people at your Twister party, you may need to rotate out players, each round, so that everyone gets a change to twist. Consider setting up \"stations\" with separate games so that the non-players have something to do. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Pick your playing field. Choose a spacious, flat, and well-lit area: a living room floor, a deck, or a patio. [PAR] Make sure that you have enough space to accommodate flailing limbs, wacky poses, and falling players. [PAR] You can play Twister indoors or outdoors. Take weather conditions into account--a bit of rain can quickly turn the Twister mat into a mini-Slip'N Slide. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Unfold the mat and spread it out on the floor. Make sure that the surface is reasonably flat. The face-up side of the mat should be white, covered in red, yellow, blue, and green spots--24 spots in all. [PAR] Smooth out the wrinkles. The Twister mat will likely slide around and bunch up over the course of the game--this is normal. [PAR] Consider using shoes, books, or other small, dense objects to hold the corners of the mat in place. [1] This is especially important if you are playing outside, where the wind may blow the edges of the mat mid-game. Avoid using objects with sharp edges, like bricks. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Assemble the Twister spinner. This is a square board with \"left foot\", \"right foot\", \"left hand\", and \"right hand\" in its corners. Press the center of the black spinning needle into the hole in the center of the board. [PAR] You should be able to spin the black needle cleanly, without friction, such that it makes several revolutions around the spinner board. The needle should stop, eventually, pointing into one of the (left/right foot/hand) corners. [PAR] If this particular Twister set has been used before, the spinner may already be assembled. If it spins, then you're good to go. [PAR] 5 [PAR] Dress comfortably. Wear loose, flexible clothing that will allow you to stretch. You don't want to rip your pants in the middle of a party! [PAR] Loose shorts, yoga pants, or sweatpants are great. Wear something breathable. [PAR] Take off any heavy jackets or stiff layers before you play. Extra layers will constrict your movement, and extended stretching may tear your clothes. [PAR] If you have long hair, consider putting your hair up with a hair-tie or a headband before you play. If your hair falls into your eyes while you are bending over, it may impede your playing. [PAR] 6 [PAR] Take off your shoes, even if you're outside. All players should remove their shoes before stepping onto the Twister mat. [PAR] This will keep the mat clean and reduce the risk of stepping on other players' toes. [PAR] Socks are fine. Bare feet are fine. [PAR] 7 [PAR] Limber up . If you aren't used to contorting your body into unnatural positions, consider stretching before you play Twister. If you loosen up your muscles before you play, you will be able to hold poses longer--and boost your chances of winning! [PAR] Bend forward, keeping your legs straight, and reach for your toes. Hold the position for at least ten seconds. [PAR] Twist your torso slowly to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clue (board game) - Clue Wiki - Wikia Clue (board game) | Clue Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Genre [PAR] Murder-Mystery [PAR] Clue (Cluedo outside the U.S.) is a popular murder-mystery board game. It was originally published in Leeds, England in 1949. It was devised by Anthony E. Pratt, a so [PAR] ly move around the game board (a mansion), as of one of the game's six suspects (or, collecting clues from which to deduce which suspect murdered the game's perpetual victim: Mr. Boddy ( Dr. Black , outside of U.S.), and with which weapon and in what room. [PAR] Several games, books, and a film have been released as part of the Cluedo franchise. The board game forms a chronology. Overall, several spinoffs have been released, some featuring extra characters, and for some, different game play. More recent editions have restored the name Boddy Mansion to the mansion, and say the mansion is located in Boston, Massachusetts in the year 1954 (located in Hampshire, England outside of the U.S.). [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] In 1944, Anthony E. Pratt, an English solicitor's clerk, filed for a patent of his invention of a murder/mystery-themed game, originally named \"Murder!\" The game was originally invented as a new game to play during sometimes lengthy air raid drills in underground bunkers. Shortly thereafter, Pratt and his wife presented the game to Waddingtons' executive, Norman Watson, who immediately purchased the game and provided its trademark name of \"Cluedo\" (a play on \"clue\" and \"Ludo\", which is Latin for \"I play\"). Though the patent was granted in 1947, due to post-war shortages, the game was not officially launched until 1949, at which time the game was simultaneously licensed to Parker Brothers in the United States for publication, where it was re-named \"Clue\" along with other minor changes. [PAR] However, there were several differences between the original game concept and that initially published in 1949, In particular, Pratt's original design calls for ten characters, one of whom was to be designated the victim by random drawing prior to the start of the game. These ten included the eliminated Mr. Brown, Mr. Gold, Miss Grey, and Mrs. Silver, with Nurse White, and Colonel Yellow. The game allowed for play of up to eight remaining characters, providing for nine suspects in total. Originally there were eleven rooms, including the eliminated \"gun room\" and cellar. In addition there were nine weapons including the unused axe, bomb, syringe, poison, shillelagh (walking stick/cudgel), and fireplace poker. Some of these unused weapons and characters would appear in later spinoff versions of the game. [PAR] Some gameplay aspects were different as well. Notably, the remaining playing cards were distributed into the rooms to be retrieved, rather than dealt directly to the players. Players also had to land on another player in order to make suggestions about that player's character through the use of special counter-tokens, and once exhausted, a player could no longer make suggestions. There were other minor differences, all of which would be updated by the game's initial release and remain essentially unchanged in the standard classic editions of the game. [PAR] Equipment [PAR] Edit [PAR] The game's current equipment consists of a board which shows the rooms, corridors and secret passages of an English country house called Boddy Mansion, although previously named variously as Tudor Close or Tudor Hall, and in some editions Tudor Manor or Tudor Mansion). The game box also includes several colored playing pieces to represent characters, miniature murder weapon props, one or two six-sided dice, three sets of cards, each set describing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BOARD GAME AND JIGSAW PUZZLE WORLD - Google Sites WG.HTM - BOARD GAMES AND JIGSAW PUZZLE WORLD.HTML [PAR] WG.HTM [PAR] BOARD GAME AND JIGSAW PUZZLE WORLD [PAR] WADDINGTON'S BOARD GAME ARCHIVE -WADDINGTONS [PAR] Descriptions and reviews of Waddington's Board games, list of equipment found in Waddington's Board Games and board game query and help sections. This also includes Waddington\u2019s House of Games and John Waddington. [PAR] Hit Counter [PAR] Not a very high number but sadly we had to replace our old counter when it has reached 163,000. [PAR] [PAR] WADDINGTON'S Advertising material inserted into game boxes c1960 [PAR] If you wish to contact us use the links below [PAR] Site last updated 13th January, 2017 Teachers Pet added. [PAR] November/ December, 2015 link list to games all checked and working, also new images added [PAR] October 2015 Request for solution to Perfect Square, Card game Bobs Yr Uncle , more images added. More details on Frankenstein's Fingers. [PAR] March/April, 2015 Comments from the inventor of Golfwinks, Whoops Whoops2, later game added. [PAR] 27th November, 2014 Cat and Mouse, added. [PAR] 18th August, 2014 Monopoly money denominations examined. [PAR] 2nd October, 2013, Lassoo, and Frankenstein's Fingers added. [PAR] [PAR] Since April, 1999, we detailed and added another WADDINGTON'S game to this archive each month. This process was competed in December 2001 and since then we have continued to improve the site. Early in 2005 we decided to alter the format of the site so that the games listed are in date of production order. You can use the links to find out what is available for a particular game but if you are generally looking at the site it seems more logical to place the games in the order that they were produced. You then get a better feel as to how games have developed over the years. [PAR] The descriptions of each game will enable you to check if you have the correct contents for each game or enable you to search for new games and be able to check the contents prior to purchase. Waddington's games are no longer in production the company was bought out by toy Giant Hasbro about 1997. Some of Waddington's Games continued to be produced by Gibsons Games. Waddington\u2019s also had a French partner called Miro Company who published most of Waddington's games in France. In 1961 Waddington\u2019s took a 20% share in Miro's capital (together with another of Waddington's partners, Parker). They withdrew in 1969.We cannot advise you where to purchase particular games (but see links at end), most of those listed below have been out of production for many years. On line auctions do have games for sale or will accept games for sale, other than that we can only suggest charity shops or car boot sales. We will though add a request to our query corner if it will help. [PAR] We can assist you with the rules for most of the games mentioned. We have also received a number of queries/requests for help with games/parts for games and rules, PLEASE have a look at QUERY/HELP CORNER . MANY CONTACTS WOULD LIKE COPIES OF RULES FOR GAMES WE DO NOT POSSESS. If you have rules for a particular game please check the link for the individual game. [PAR] Conserving your game? Need spare parts? Perhaps our TIPS might help [PAR] WADDINGTON'S games so far described or referred to are [PAR] Ulcers, Vampire Game, Village of Fear, Darkworld, Whoops, Whoops2, Whot , Wizard, Word of Mouth, The Yuppie Game , and Z Cars [PAR] So what is next? Well"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jenga Blocks: Games | eBay Jenga Blocks: Games | eBay [PAR] Jenga Blocks [PAR] Jenga Classic Game. It's the classic block-stacking, stack-crashing game of Jenga. How will you stack up against the law of gravity?. Stack the wooden blocks in a sturdy tower, then take turns pulling... [PAR] Condition: [PAR] GET IN TIME FOR CHRISTMAS W/ FREE 1 OR 2 DAY SHIPPING! [PAR] $84.00 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] JUMBO JENGA - TOPPLING TUMBLING TOWERS - JENGA XL. HOWEVER, these lightweight redwood blocks not only make for a beautiful set with easier sliding blocks, but also makes the set lighter and easier to ... [PAR] $10.00 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Up for sale 1986 Jenga - Wooden Block Game . In good cond. it is complete.with all the blocks. Comes in the orig box.. Box has some lite shelf ware to it. A great classic game to have. Shipping will... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] or Best Offer [PAR] $7.49 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Complete Jenga 2006 Version. is our #1 Goal! See all photo's for item condition and included pieces. [PAR] | [PAR] 223 sold [PAR] How will you stack up against the law of gravity?. Stack the wooden blocks in a sturdy tower, then take turns pulling out blocks one by one until the whole stack crashes down. Is your hand steady enou... [PAR] $10.99 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Jenga Classic Game by Hasbro Stacking Wooden Blocks Tower. Pull out a bock without crashing the stack to win at Jenga. 54 hardwood Jenga blocks. It's the classic block-stacking, stack-crashing game of... [PAR] | [PAR] 6 sold [PAR] NOTE: This is not a complete game. You add it to your existing Jenga\u00ae GIANT Genuine Hardwood Edition Game in order to increase the potential height. You can now stack your existing Jenga GIANT Genuine... [PAR] | [PAR] 3 sold [PAR] Want a game experience that combines friends, skill, suspense, laughter, and maybe a little luck?. You gotta get the Classic Jenga game! It\u2019s the perfect game for everyone, with edge-of-your-seat, gra... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] Provide friends and family with hours of fun and engaging play with the Classic Jenga Game. It includes 54 genuine hardwood blocks and a stacking sleeve to help ensure that the wooden tower is squarel... [PAR] | [PAR] 1 sold [PAR] Jenga Classic Game Colorful Stacking Wooden Tower Blocks Party Family Fun 48piec Product dimensions: Tower - 3.1 x 3.1 x 10.8 inches, single piece: 2.95 x 0.59 x 0.98 inches Package Includes: 48 color... [PAR] $94.99 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] The playing table & Tote Bags are included in this sale. Don't let it pass you up. (This is a great deal ! ). The Game includes 54 - Plain 2\u00d73 Set of Blocks Sanded on all sides. The longer you play th... [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] Jenga is New in Box, Blocks are still in sealed plastic. Ages 8 to Adult, and unlimited players. [PAR] $10.79 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] The original JENGA game in original box. Set comes complete with plastic loading tray. and 54 wooden blocks - in great condition. [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] Free Shipping [PAR] This is the blockbuster of all stacking games! The original wood block game. The rules are simple enough for the whole family to play: just stack the blocks into a tower without letting it fall! But i... [PAR] $7.99 [PAR] Buy It Now [PAR] It's the classic block-stacking, stack-crashing game of Jenga. How will you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jumanji (1995) - IMDb Jumanji (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When two kids find and play a magical board game, they release a man trapped for decades in it and a host of dangers that can only be stopped by finishing the game. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 07 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 27 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 02 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 17 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Jumanji \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After a bitter divorce, an actor disguises himself as a female housekeeper to spend time with his children held in custody by his former wife. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] When Captain Hook kidnaps his children, an adult Peter Pan must return to Neverland and reclaim his youthful spirit in order to challenge his old enemy. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A newly recruited night security guard at the Museum of Natural History discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc. [PAR] Director: Shawn Levy [PAR] A martial arts master agrees to teach karate to a bullied teenager. [PAR] Director: John G. Avildsen [PAR] One year after Kevin was left home alone and had to defeat a pair of bumbling burglars, he accidentally finds himself in New York City, and the same criminals are not far behind. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] The scientist father of a teenage girl and boy accidentally shrinks his and two other neighborhood teens to the size of insects. Now the teens must fight diminutive dangers as the father searches for them. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] A troubled child summons the courage to help a friendly alien escape Earth and return to his home world. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Four kids travel through a wardrobe to the land of Narnia and learn of their destiny to free it with the guidance of a mystical lion. [PAR] Director: Andrew Adamson [PAR] Story of a wonderful little girl, who happens to be a genius, and her wonderful teacher vs. the worst parents ever and the worst school principal imaginable. [PAR] Director: Danny DeVito [PAR] An 8-year old troublemaker must protect his home from a pair of burglars when he is accidentally left home alone by his family during Christmas vacation. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] Two young brothers are drawn into an intergalactic adventure when their house is hurled through the depths of space by the magical board game they are playing. [PAR] Director: Jon Favreau [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] After being trapped in a jungle board game for 26 years, a Man-Child wins his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beetle Drive - Better Fundraising Ideas Beetle Drive [PAR] Beetle Drive [PAR] A Beetle Drive is a cheap and easy fundraiser [PAR] Perfect for kids but adults can have a lot of fun too! [PAR] A beetle drive is a very simple fundraiser based on the popular kids game beetle. It requires very little to put on and organise. [PAR] Beetle is an old family favourite so suitable for all sorts of fundraising events with adults and children playing together. It also makes a brilliant church or school fundraiser and is something that an older group of children could organise and run themselves. [PAR] How to play Beetle [PAR] The aim of the game of Beetle is to be the first player to draw a complete beetle. The body parts are each given a number. [PAR] 6 - The Body - (1 per beetle) [PAR] 5 - The Head - (1 per beetle) [PAR] 4 - The Wings - (2 per beetle) [PAR] 3 - The Legs - (6 per beetle) [PAR] 2 - The Antenna - (2 per beetle) [PAR] 1 - The Eyes - (2 per beetle) [PAR] Players take turns to roll a die and can add the corresponding body part to their beetle. They must however throw a 6 first for the body before they can add any other part. [PAR] Players may only add the correct number of body parts to their beetle for instance only 2 wings, a further throw of number 4 resulting in no addition and the die being passed on. Some player's beetles will be drawn quite rapidly other players will flounder unable to throw the correct score on the die to complete their beetle. The minute one player has completed their picture they shout Beetle and that is the end of that game [PAR] How to organise a Beetle Drive [PAR] A Beetle Drive is a mass game of beetle. Players sit around tables in groups of four. Each player has a sheet usually with 9 or 12 boxes in which to draw their beetles. On \"GO\" the game starts with each group of players trying furiously to complete their beetles. The minute any player in the room complete their beetle they shout \"BEETLE\" and the whole room stops immediately. [PAR] All players then add up the number of body parts they have added to their own beetle scoring one point for each part to a maximum of 14 for a completed beetle. [PAR] The highest scorer from each table then moves to the next table in a clockwise direction whilst the lowest scorer moves anti-clockwise. [PAR] When everyone is sitting at their new tables the organiser shouts \"GO\" another round is played. This continues for up to 12 rounds if time allows. Each player keeps a running total of their scores and at the end of the last round the person with the highest score is crowned Champion / King of the Beetles / Golden Beetle and given an appropriate prize. [PAR] During play winners of individual rounds could also be given small prizes. [PAR] Free Download [PAR] Download, print off or photocopy for your own fundraising event [PAR] - Beetle Drive Game Sheet [PAR] How to run a Beetle fundraiser [PAR] Beetle makes a particularly good fundraising idea for children but the idea will work for all sorts of groups. A nice easy family fundraiser. To make money charge each player a set amount for their Beetle Sheet which only cost a few pence to print or buy. You will also have to provide a die"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zero Punctuation - Wikiquote Zero Punctuation - Wikiquote [PAR] Zero Punctuation [PAR] Zero Punctuation is a series of video game reviews done by Ben \"Yahtzee\" Croshaw , originally on YouTube, and later for The Escapist Magazine . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Heavenly Sword and Other Stuff [ edit ] [PAR] Nariko then turns to some...thing sitting vacantly nearby, wearing cat ears and makeup apparently applied by a Kiss fan with Parkinson's disease, and relays to it her intention to slit up evil dudes. She then adds, with a totally straight face, \"We may need you to play twing-twang.\" My first thought when I heard that was, \"I am so going to quote that out of context,\" but on reflection it doesn't make a whole lot of sense in context either. If the developers were hoping I'd consider buying the full game just to see what \"twing-twang\" is, then mission fucking accomplished, I suppose, but I'm going to be very disappointed if it isn't a cutesy euphemism for lesbian cunnilingus (yeah, I went there). [PAR] Part of me feels that, from an artistic standpoint, there may be some merit in RE5 because the point of a horror game is to be unnerving; and forcing the player to do something that they find distasteful as well as frightening is a rather groundbreaking method of doing that. But then again, this is Resident Evil, the series that brought us \"squeaky-voiced midget Napoleon\"; and if there\u2019s anything sophisticated in an idea of theirs, it\u2019s probably a total accident. [1] [PAR] Psychonauts [ edit ] [PAR] One of the themes running though Schafer's humor is the juxtaposition of a mundane situation in a bizarre or fantastical setting (see: Grim Fandango), and Psychonauts continues this tradition by being set in a summer camp for psychics. The story follows the adventures of Raz, a child acrobat who, in deference to tradition, runs away from home to escape the circus rather than join it, and whose natural psychic talent allows him to insinuate himself into the camp without paying tuition fees. Shortly however, karma bites him in the ass when he finds himself embroiled in a sinister plot and having to explore strange ethereal worlds based on the subconscious minds of those around him. It's all kind of like if Tim Burton knocked up David Lynch in Willy Wonka's chocolate factory and he did meth right up until the birth. [PAR] [listing the good points of the game] Firstly, it's something original in an industry that seems to be built on ripping off everyone else. Secondly, it's genuinely funny, while most video games attempting humor are like unanesthetized bowel surgery. Thirdly, every single character is well-defined with their own quirks and personalities, even the tiny, unimportant bit part players that get less screen time than Christopher Lee in the last Lord of the Rings film . And lastly, it's fun. Remember that? Fun? What we used to have before gaming felt like a second job? [2] [PAR] Console Rundown [ edit ] [PAR] With the current generation of consoles, we've reached or nearly reached the point where graphics aren't going to get much better, so we can all stop rushing to top the last generation's technology and concentrate on making some games with actual depth. Except of course that the console wars are all ultimately futile because the best game ever, Fantasy World Dizzy for the Commodore 64, has already been made. Or maybe all of gaming is pointless, just toying with the gravel on the side of the big road of life. But hey, at least"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Play Misty for Me Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Play Misty for Me Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 58 out of 65 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Edge-Of-Your-Seat Thriller [PAR] from Salem, Oregon [PAR] 23 April 2001 [PAR] Clint Eastwood made his directorial debut with this 1971 suspense/thriller, `Play Misty for Me,' in which he also stars as Dave Garver, a late night radio disc jockey for a small station in Carmel, California. During his show, he opens the phones to take requests, at which times a frequent caller-- a woman named Evelyn (Jessica Walter)-- always asks for the same tune, `Misty.' Her obsession, it turns out, is not with that particular record, but with Garver, who is currently sorting out a relationship gone bad with a young artist, Tobie (Donna Mills), but which may be on the mend in light of the fact that Tobie has just returned to town after a lengthy absence in the wake of their breakup. In the interim, Garver has become entangled with Evelyn, a fan he soon discovers gives new meaning to the term `fanatic.' [PAR] Eastwood invades Hitchcock territory with this film, which it turns out was indeed a harbinger of the course his career would take from this point on, that of directing and starring in his own movies. With this one, it's apparent that he had that special touch from the beginning; he knows unequivocally what he likes, what works and how to deliver it. The only weakness in the film (if you can even call it a weakness), would be the use of longshots during a couple of scenes between Garver and Tobie that take place on the coast. It adds a scenic vista for a backdrop, but listening to the dialogue with the actors in the distance gives it a dialogue-added-later feeling. It's a minor flaw, however, that takes nothing away from the overall impact of the film, especially as Eastwood establishes a deliberate pace that allows the tension to mount throughout. [PAR] It would seem that for an actor to direct himself would be a monumental undertaking, especially the first time, but Eastwood proves here what has been corroborated over the years and with his films since, that he is his own best director. And it's a club to which few actor/directors belong, which puts him in the elite company of Welles, Branagh and most recently, Ed Harris (with `Pollock'), just to name a few of the select. As Garver, a minor celebrity whose biggest fan turns out to be his worst nightmare, Eastwood is thoroughly convincing, and though this may not be one of his most memorable roles, it is certainly well acted, and delivered with that subtle Eastwood charm. [PAR] Jessica Walter combines just the right amount of beauty, charm and menace for her role of Evelyn, which just may be her most memorable performance ever. She creates a character who is smoothly confident, if slightly vulnerable, and prone to instantaneous bursts of psychotic anger. It's an honest portrait of an extremely disturbed individual with the ability to conceal the true nature-- and danger-- of her mental state. Exceptionally well realized by Walter, Evelyn could be the older sister of Stephen King's Annie in `Misery,' a role for which Kathy Bates received an Oscar for Best Actress some twenty years after Walter inhabited the body of Evelyn. [PAR] The supporting cast includes John Larch (Sergeant McCallum), Jack Ging (Frank), Irene Hervey (Madge), James McEachin (Al Monte), Clarice Taylor (Birdie) and Don Siegel (Murphy). A film that will have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] W. H. Auden, \"Stop all the clocks - Homepages at WMU W. H. Auden, \"Stop all the clocks . . .\" [PAR] Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone [PAR] W. H. Auden [PAR] Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone, [PAR] Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone, [PAR] Silence the pianos and with muffled drum [PAR] Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. [PAR] Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead [PAR] Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead, [PAR] Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves, [PAR] Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves. [PAR] He was my North, my South, my East and West, [PAR] My working week and my Sunday rest, [PAR] My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song; [PAR] I thought that love would last for ever: I was wrong. [PAR] The stars are not wanted now: put out every one; [PAR] Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun; [PAR] Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood. [PAR] For nothing now can ever come to any good.[DOC] [TLE] Funeral Blues by W H Auden, a poem analysis - Shadow of Iris Funeral Blues by W H Auden, a poem analysis [PAR] Funeral Blues by W H Auden, a poem analysis [PAR] This page is an analysis of the poem [PAR] Funeral Blues [PAR] by W.H. Auden. The poem is also known as [PAR] Stop All the Clocks [PAR] . The poem became famous after it was recited in the film, [PAR] Four Weddings and A Funeral [PAR] . We intend to do three things in this analysis. [PAR] First, we\u2019ll provide a brief summary of [PAR] Funeral Blues [PAR] that also explores the rhyming structure of the poem. Second, we\u2019ll do an almost line by line analysis that takes into account historical context, figurative language, and any potential literary devices used. Finally, we\u2019ll offer our interpretation of the poem. We don\u2019t want to suggest that our interpretation is the only one, but instead, hope that we provide you with enough inspiration, so that you can formulate your own. [PAR] Summary of Funeral Blues by W H Auden [PAR] The poem is four stanzas long. It has a very simple rhyme scheme\u2014each line rhyming with the one preceding it. Each line is approximately 10 syllables, but there is no consistency. At times an iambic pattern is used, but also not consistently. This means that the poem at times follows the traditional iambic pentameter\u2014but not line by line. To what degree this inconsistency in meter was intentional or accidental is not clear\u2014though we admit the inconsistency does have a way of mimicking the frantic and frenetic feeling of one facing the death of a loved one. [PAR] The mood and tone of the poem is one of grief. In the first stanza the mourning would seem to be very formal\u2014and almost mocking in tone. In the second stanza the mourning grows to the level of hyperbole. Both the first and second stanza give one the impression that the narrator might be mocking the event. [PAR] However, when we reach the third stanza, the true mood of the poem becomes evident. We realize that the narrator personally knew the deceased. Though the comments strike a kind of formal note\u2014coming near to perfunctory, we begin to feel their impact, especially in the last line of this stanza. [PAR] The fourth stanza is the culmination here. Clearly words are being used with hyperbole, but at the same time, they still manage to convey"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phan Xi Pang Mountain Travel Guide & Tours | by Viet Value ... Phan Xi Pang Mount [PAR] Overview [PAR] Phan Xi Pang Mount (Known as Phansipan or Fansipan) located in the North of Vietnam, at the height of 3,143m above the sea level, this is the highest mountain in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Phan Xi Pang also located at very heart of Hoang Lien Son national park which is the habitation of many different type plantation and animal spices. Phan Xi Pang today is a dream vation for both domestic and international adventure travelers. [PAR] Getting there [PAR] From Hanoi, there are number of overnight train to Lao Cai city. Another transfer to Sapa town and from Sapa you can take a tour to climb to Phan Xi Pang loop. [PAR] Time to go [PAR] It is doable year around but best time would be dated on around August to December when it is dry season and blue sky expected. [PAR] What to prepare [PAR] This is physical demanding tour with long walking at steep (6 to 8 hours walk per day) so make you you have well prepared excises before hand. If you book a tour to get there, it seems like all needed things are there for you, you may need some personal belongings like good walking shoes, rain coast, meditation and other daily personals you may need. [PAR] Viet Value Travel recommend you to book a package tour to summit the Phan Xi Pang Mount with quality tours by an experienced agent. This is not a normal tour, all services need to be prepared well in advance, all equipment need to meet good quality and international standard such as experienced tour guide and porters, good food, walking gears and overnight belongings... [PAR] You may have look at our tours to Phan Xi Pang Mount and please feel free to contact us if you have any special request or concerns on those special arrangement.[DOC] [TLE] Phan Xi Pang Mountain - Adventure Life Phan Xi Pang Mountain - Adventure Life [PAR] Adventure Life [PAR] Home / Asia / Phan Xi Pang Mountain [PAR] Saturday, 5 March 2016 [PAR] Date - 20:10 Asia [PAR] Phan Xi Pang Mountain : One Of The Favorites Vietnam [PAR] Tourist attractions in Vietnam is the crowded on the beach shore, but geographically in Vietnam consists of high mountains and dense forests, making the atmosphere in Vietnam itself becomes fresh and sweet. [PAR] Vietnam's most famous Mt Phan Xi Pang is that it should be crowned as the highest mountain in Vietnam, which reaches 3,143 meters above sea level. [PAR] As mentioned earlier really the most famous spot is the coast of Vietnam, and Nha Trang has been recognized by international travelers, if you know for sure would be interested to visit Nha Trang is because it has fresh air with white sand and crystal waters. [PAR] But did you know that Vietnam Traveling is not only famous mountains and beaches, of course, there are more objects in the spotlight many foreign tourists [PAR] Besides the tourists spoil the beauty of the surrounding scenery is lush and pristine beaches, to places also targeted tourists from various countries."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hopalong Cassidy (TV Series 1952\u20131954) - IMDb Hopalong Cassidy (TV Series 1952\u20131954) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Hopalong and his horse Topper catch bad guys with Red Connors for comic relief. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Soon after Hoppy and Red arrive where the murderous outlaws operate with impunity and precision in lawless Canyon City to help sheriff Barnett the mark of the vigilante, 3-7-77, starts to appear at ... [PAR] 8.3 [PAR] When Ted Gray is attacked by Martinez for lying about receipt of mortgage money, his uncle Ollie states he will foreclose and then Ollie is found murdered with several pieces of clear evidence ... [PAR] 8.0 [PAR] An Indian agent asks Hoppy to help persuade an Indian chief to reveal the location where crude oil can be found on the land's surface. The country will be opened to settlement and unless the tribe ... [PAR] 7.8 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 19 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 22 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 112 titles [PAR] created 23 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 90 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 500 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Hopalong Cassidy \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: Hopalong Cassidy (1952\u20131954) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] The adventures of the masked hero and his Native American partner. [PAR] Stars: Jay Silverheels, Clayton Moore, John Hart [PAR] The Double R Ranch featured \"The King of the Cowboys\" Roy, his \"Smartest Horse in the Movies\" Trigger, \"Queen of the West\" Dale, her horse Buttermilk, their dog Bullet, and even Pat's jeep, Nellybelle. [PAR] Stars: Dale Evans, Roy Rogers, Trigger [PAR] The Cisco Kid and his English-mangling sidekick Pancho travel the old west in the grand tradition of the Lone Ranger, righting wrongs and fighting injustice wherever they find it. [PAR] Stars: Duncan Renaldo, Leo Carrillo, Troy Melton [PAR] Marshal Matt Dillon keeps the peace in the rough and tumble Dodge City. [PAR] Stars: James Arness, Milburn Stone, Amanda Blake [PAR] Neighbor Blanche Morton frequently joins Gracie in escapades which annoy hubby Harry and provide George with an opportunity to offer a humorous soliloquy. [PAR] Stars: George Burns, Gracie Allen, Bea Benaderet [PAR] The submarine Seaview is commissioned to investigate the mysteries of the seas. Usually it finds more problems than answers... [PAR] Stars: Richard Basehart, David Hedison, Robert Dowdell [PAR] A Civil War veteran with a sawed-off rifle as a holstered weapon makes a living as a bounty hunter in the Wild West of the 1870s. [PAR] Stars: Steve McQueen, Wright King, Olan Soule [PAR] Marshal Earp keeps the law, first in Kansas and later in Arizona, using his over-sized pistols and a variety of sidekicks. Most of the saga is based loosely on fact, with historical badguys... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Hugh O'Brian, Jimmy Noel, Ethan Laidlaw [PAR] Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. [PAR] Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton [PAR] Stories of the journeys of a wagon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dartboard Sequence - MathPages The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5 Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense. It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format. It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as \"flat\" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478 Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the \"London\" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the \"Manchester\" dart board, which has the sequence 20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this 20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10 the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions. Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 which has a sum of 24350. By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the \"21-complement\", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is 1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ... = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ... = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lucian Freud - definition of Lucian Freud by The Free ... Lucian Freud - definition of Lucian Freud by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Lucian Freud - definition of Lucian Freud by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Lucian+Freud [PAR] Austrian-born British psychoanalyst noted for her application of psychoanalysis to child therapy. [PAR] Freud [PAR] , Sigmund 1856-1939. [PAR] Austrian physician and founder of psychoanalysis who theorized that the symptoms of hysterical patients represent forgotten and unresolved infantile psychosexual conflicts. His psychoanalytic theories, which initially met with hostility, profoundly influenced 20th-century thought. [PAR] Freud [PAR] (fr\u0254\u026ad) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Biography) Anna. 1895\u20131982, Austrian psychiatrist: daughter of Sigmund Freud and pioneer of child psychoanalysis [PAR] 2. (Biography) Sir Clement. 1924\u20132009, British broadcaster, writer, politician, and chef; best known as a panellist on the radio game show Just a Minute; grandson of Sigmund Freud [PAR] 3. (Biography) Lucian. 1922\u20132011, British painter, esp of nudes and portraits; grandson of Sigmund Freud [PAR] 4. (Biography) Sigmund (\u02c8zi\u02d0km\u028ant). 1856\u20131939, Austrian psychiatrist; originator of psychoanalysis, based on free association of ideas and analysis of dreams. He stressed the importance of infantile sexuality in later development, evolving the concept of the Oedipus complex. His works include The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) and The Ego and the Id (1923) [PAR] Freud"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New pyramid discovered in Egypt - USATODAY.com New pyramid discovered in Egypt - USATODAY.com [PAR] New pyramid discovered in Egypt [PAR] Updated [PAR] Enlarge [PAR] By Ben Curtis, AP [PAR] Archaeology workers dig at the site of a newly-discovered pyramid, the base of which is seen center-left, at Saqqara near Cairo. [PAR] By Katarina Kratovac, Associated Press Writer [PAR] SAQQARA, Egypt \u0097 Archaeologists have discovered a new pyramid under the sands of Saqqara, an ancient burial site that remains largely unexplored and has yielded a string of unearthed pyramids in recent years, Egypt's antiquities chief announced Tuesday. [PAR] The 4,300-year-old monument most likely belonged to the queen mother of the founder of Egypt's 6th Dynasty, several hundred years after the building of the famed Great Pyramids of Giza, the country's antiquities chief Zahi Hawass said as he took media on a tour of the find. [PAR] The discovery is part of the sprawling necropolis and burial site of the rulers of ancient Memphis, the capital of Egypt's Old Kingdom, about 12 miles (19 kilometers) south of Giza. [PAR] All that remains of the pyramid is a square-shaped 16-foot (5-meter) tall structure that had been buried under 65 feet (25 meters) of sand. [PAR] \"There was so much sand dumped here that no one had any idea there was something buried underneath,\" said Hawass. [PAR] Hawass' team has been excavating at the location for two years, but he said it was only two months ago when they determined the structure, with sides about 72 feet (22 meters) long, was the base of a pyramid. They also found parts of the pyramid's white limestone casing \u2014 believed to have once covered the entire structure \u2014 which enabled them to calculate that the complete pyramid was once 45 feet (14 meters) high. [PAR] The pyramid is the 118th discovered so far in Egypt. \"To find a new pyramid is always exciting,\" said Hawass. \"And this one is magical. It belonged to a queen.\" [PAR] Hawass said he believes the pyramid belongs to Queen Sesheshet, who is thought to have played a significant role in establishing the 6th Dynasty and uniting two branches of the feuding royal family. Her son, Teti, is believed to have ruled for around 20 years until he was possibly assassinated, a sign of the time's turbulence. [PAR] Evidence of the identification is still indirect. The pyramids of Teti's two wives, already discovered 100 years ago and in 1994 respectively, lie next to it as part of the burial complex alongside the collapsed pyramid of Teti himself. [PAR] The Egyptian team is still diging and is two weeks from entering the burial chamber inside the pyramid, where Hawass hopes they will find proof of its owner \u2014 a sarcophagus or at least an inscription of the queen, he said. [PAR] Finding anything more would be next to impossible, as robbers in antiquity looted the pyramid, Hawass added, pointing to a gaping shaft on the structure's top that remains a testament to the thieves' actions. [PAR] Dieter Wildung, head of Berlin's Egyptian Museum and a leading Egyptologists in Europe, said Hawass' claim is plausible because it was common in the Old Kingdom for kings to build pyramids for their queens and mothers next to their own. [PAR] \"Hawass is likely right,\" Wildung, who is not involved in the dig, said in a phone interview. \"These parallel situations give a very strong argument in favor of his interpretation.\" [PAR] Joe Wegner, an associate professor of Egyptian archaeology at University of Pennsylvania who has been involved in other expeditions at Saqqara,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Undescended testicles - TheFreeDictionary Medical Dictionary Undescended testicles | definition of Undescended testicles by Medical dictionary [PAR] Undescended testicles | definition of Undescended testicles by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Undescended+testicles [PAR] cryptorchidism [PAR] [krip-tor\u00b4kid-izm] [PAR] failure of one or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum. As the unborn male child develops, the testes first appear in the abdomen at about the level of the kidneys. They develop at this site, and in approximately the seventh month of fetal life start to descend to the upper part of the groin. From there they move into the inguinal canal and then, normally, into the scrotum. In its descent, a testis may sometimes be halted in the abdomen or within the canal, becoming an undescended testis. An improperly developed testis may never leave the abdomen, and it may not produce the hormones that induce secondary sex characters. A testis lodged in the canal may well produce these secondary sex characters, but cannot produce spermatozoa. Cases in which both testes fail to descend are uncommon; usually only one is involved and the other produces sufficient numbers of spermatozoa. [PAR] Treatment. Often the undescended testis can be brought down into the scrotum by medical treatment with the gonadotropic hormone, and for physical and psychologic reasons this method is preferred. Frequently, however, surgery (called orchiopexy ) is required. This operation is not particularly serious and is usually successful. It is best performed before the patient is 5 to 7 years old, since operating at a later age may involve more risk to the cells that produce spermatozoa. [PAR] In cryptorchidism, the testis is not in the scrotum, but may be found in the inguinal canal or in the abdominal cavity. From Damjanov, 2000. [PAR] cryp\u00b7tor\u00b7chi\u00b7dism [PAR] [kript\u00f4r\u2032kidiz\u2032\u0259m] [PAR] Etymology: Gk, kryptos, hidden, orchis, testis [PAR] a developmental defect in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum and are retained in the abdomen or inguinal canal. The testes normally migrate into the scrotal sac at birth, but normal testicular descent depends on timely and synchronous development of other embryonic structures. If spontaneous descent does not occur by the age of 1 year, hormonal injections may be given. If injections are unsuccessful, orchiopexy is usually performed before age 3. Also called cryptorchid testis , cryptorchis, undescended testis . [PAR] Cryptorchidism [PAR] cryptorchidism [PAR] Undescended testicles A condition in which one or both testicles fail to move from the abdomen, where they develop before birth, into the scrotum; cryptorchidism uncorrected in early childhood is linked to azoospermia and \u2191 testicular CA. Cf Anorchia . [PAR] cryp\u00b7tor\u00b7chism[DOC] [TLE] Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism) - Health Encyclopedia ... Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism) - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center [PAR] Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism) [PAR] What is cryptorchidism (undescended testes)? [PAR] Cryptorchidism (or undescended testes) is a condition seen in newborns when one or both of the male testes have not passed down into the scrotal sac. About 10% of cases involve both testes. Cryptorchidism is more commonly seen in premature males because the testes do not descend from the abdomen to the scrotal sac until the seventh month of fetal development. [PAR] What causes undescended testes? [PAR] Undescended testes may occur for several reasons. While prematurity is a leading cause, other causes may include hormonal disorders, spina bifida, retractile testes (a reflex that causes a testicle to move back and forth from the scrotum to the groin), or testicular absence. [PAR] Who is affected by undescended testes? [PAR] According to pediatric urologists (a specialist who treats illness or disease of the genitals or urinary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Harrison and Eric Clapton both married Pattie Boyd ... George Harrison and Eric Clapton both married Pattie Boyd | OldiesMusicBlog [PAR] What do George Harrison and Eric Clapton have in common? Pattie Boyd! [PAR] Posted by diana Nov - 12 - 2010 0 Comment [PAR] Pattie Boyd is an English model and photographer and the former wife of both George Harrison (1966 \u2013 1974) and Eric Clapton (1979 \u2013 1989). She was the inspiration for love songs written by both musicians, Harrison\u2019s, \u201c Something \u201c, \u201cFor You Blue\u201d and \u201cIsn\u2019t It a Pity\u201d, and Clapton\u2019s \u201cLayla\u201d, \u201cWonderful Tonight\u201d and \u201cBell Bottom Blues\u201d. [PAR] She remembers her relationship with George: [PAR] \u201cI had met George six years previously, in 1964, when he was filming A Hard Day\u2019s Night. Britain and most of Europe was in the grip of Beatlemania. On first impressions, John seemed more cynical and brash than the others, Ringo the most endearing, Paul was cute and George, with velvet-brown eyes and dark chestnut hair, was the best-looking man I had ever seen. At a break for lunch I found myself sitting next to him. Being close to him was electrifying. [PAR] Almost the first thing he said to me was: \u2018Will you marry me?\u2019 He was joking but there was a hint of seriousness. We got together soon after that and married two years later on January 21, 1966. I was 21, he was 22. I was so happy and so much in love. I thought we would be together and happy for ever. [PAR] Three years later, in 1969, George wrote a song called Something. He told me in a matter-of-fact way that he had written it for me. I thought it was beautiful and it turned out to be the most successful song he ever wrote, with more than 150 cover versions. Frank Sinatra said he thought it was the best love song ever written. George\u2019s favourite version was the one by James Brown. Mine was the one by George Harrison, which he played to me in our kitchen. [PAR] But, in fact, by then our relationship was in trouble. Since a trip to the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi\u2019s ashram in India in 1968, George had become obsessive about meditation. He was also sometimes withdrawn and depressed. [PAR] And there were other women, which really hurt me. George was fascinated by the god Krishna who was always surrounded by young maidens. He came back from India wanting to be some kind of Krishna figure, a spiritual being with lots of concubines. He actually said so. [PAR] It was around this time that Eric began to come over to our house. He and George had become close friends, writing and recording music together. Eric\u2019s guitar playing was held in awe by his fellow musicians. He was an incredibly exciting performer to watch. He looked wonderful on stage, very sexy. [PAR] But when I met him he didn\u2019t behave like a rock star \u2013 he was surprisingly shy and reticent. I was aware that Eric found me attractive and I enjoyed the attention he paid me. It was hard not to be flattered when I caught him staring at me or when he chose to sit beside me. He complimented me on what I was wearing and the food I had cooked, and he said things he knew would make me laugh. Those were all things that George no longer did.\u201d [PAR] So, she begins to see Eric Clapton: [PAR] \u201cWe met secretly at a flat in South Kensington. Eric Clapton had asked me to come"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Medieval Armour - Medieval Warfare Medieval Armour [PAR] Armour [PAR] [PAR] Mail, or chainmail, made of interlocking iron rings, which may be riveted or welded shut is believed to have been invented in Eastern Europe about 500 BC. Gradually, small additional plates or discs of iron were added to the mail to protect vulnerable areas. Hardened leather and splinted construction were used for arm and leg pieces. A coat of plates was developed, an armour made of large plates sewn inside a textile or leather coat. [PAR] Early plate in Italy, and elsewhere in the 13th\u009615th century were made of iron. Iron armour could be carburised or case hardened to give a surface of harder steel. Plate armour became cheaper than mail by the 15th century as it required less labour and labour had become much more expensive after the Black Death, though it did require larger furnaces to produce larger blooms. Mail continued to be used to protect those joints which could not be adequately protected by plate, such as the armpit, crook of the elbow and groin. Another advantage of plate was that a lance rest could be fitted to the breast plate. [PAR] The small skull cap evolved into a bigger true helmet, the bascinet, as it was lengthened downward to protect the back of the neck and the sides of the head. Additionally, several new forms of fully enclosed helmets were introduced in the late 1300s. [PAR] Probably the most recognised style of armour in the World became the plate armour associated with the knights of the European Late Middle Ages, but continuing to the early 17th century Age of Enlightenment in all European countries. [PAR] By about 1400 the full harness of plate armour had been developed in armouries of Lombardy. Heavy cavalry dominated the battlefield for centuries in part because of their armour. [PAR] In the early 15th century, advances in weaponry allowed infantry to defeat armoured knights on the battlefield. The quality of the metal used in armour deteriorated as armies became bigger and armour was made thicker, necessitating breeding of larger cavalry horses. If during the 14\u009615th centuries armour seldom weighed more than 15kgs, than by the late 16th century it weighed 25 kg. The increasing weight and thickness of late 16th century armour therefore gave substantial resistance. [PAR] In the early years of low velocity firearms, full suits of armour, or breast plates stopped bullets fired from a modest distance. Crossbow bolts would seldom penetrate good plate, nor would any bullet unless fired from close range. In effect, rather than making plate armour obsolete, the use of firearms stimulated the development of plate armour into its later stages. For most of that period, it allowed horsemen to fight while being the targets of defending arquebuseers without being easily killed. Full suits of armour were worn by generals and princely commanders right up to the second decade of the 18th century. It was the only way they could be mounted and survey the overall battlefield with safety from distant musket fire. [PAR] The horse was afforded protection from lances and infantry weapons by steel plate barding. This gave the horse protection and enhanced the visual impression of a mounted knight. Late in the era, elaborate barding was used in parade armour. [PAR] Gradually starting in the mid 16th century, one plate element after another was discarded to save weight for foot soldiers. Back and breast plates continued to be used throughout the entire period of the 18th century and through Napoleonic times, in many European (heavy) cavalry units, until the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rice takes it to St. Ray's - NY Daily News Rice takes it to St. Ray's - NY Daily News [PAR] Rice beats St. Raymond, 75-63, in CHSAA New York battle at Gauchos Gym [PAR] Rice takes it to St. Ray's [PAR] Friday, January 14, 2011, 10:53 PM [PAR] The press that led to the fast break, the extra pass and the easy bucket. [PAR] Rice used that sequence consistently to perplex a winded St. Raymond and score a 75-63 victory before a packed Gauchos Gym in the Bronx on Friday night. [PAR] Devaughn Reid had a game-high 21 points and Melvin Johnson added 18 points for Rice. Daniel Dingle led St. Ray\u2019s with 17 points. [PAR] \"I love playing against St. Ray\u2019s,\" Reid said. \"I love this atmosphere. When we\u2019re excited, we\u2019re an exciting team and that\u2019s what you saw. Defense, offense, everything. First home game and we needed this win.\" [PAR] Rice was without swingman Emmanuel Andujar - who\u2019s still suspended for being ejected during a non-league tournament last month - and its Cincinnati -bound star Jermaine Sanders picked up two fouls in the first quarter, but nothing was going to stop the Raiders from taking it to their CHSAA New York Archdiocesan rival Ravens. [PAR] Rice, which led from start to finish, did just that by using the press to cause turnovers and then spark fast break opportunities. When the Raiders had the Ravens back-pedaling, they finished plays with extra passes and converted easy buckets for quick points. Still, the Ravens managed to hang on and cut into Rice\u2019s lead. [PAR] But in the fourth quarter the Raiders took advantage of the obviously fatigued Ravens and built a 15-point lead - their largest of the contest - before cruising to victory. [PAR] It was a good win for the Raiders, who snapped a two-game losing skid and improved to 8-4 overall this season. [PAR] The upstart Ravens (7-7) missed a chance to make a statement with a win or perhaps a stronger showing. But St. Ray\u2019s coach Oliver Antigua sounded more irked by the fact that his squad got out-worked. [PAR] \"A lot of the turnovers were 100% on us,\" he said. \"They got all the 50-50 basketballs because they played harder. I think we got out-hustled and out-worked. At the end of the game, we got tired. You can see we didn\u2019t have the same bounce. They played more guys, they were fresher.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keeping Score in Scrabble - Letter Tiles and Point Values Keeping Score in Scrabble - Letter Tiles and Point Values [PAR] How to Keep Score in Scrabble [PAR] Keeping Score in Scrabble [PAR] Knowing how to keep score in Scrabble is simple, but it\u2019s also important. Each letter in Scrabble has its own value, while certain points on a Scrabble board are worth more points than others. Finally, there are a few special circumstances where Scrabble scoring differs than in other points of the game. [PAR] Scrabble Letter Tiles \u2013 Point Values [PAR] Below is a table showing the point values of each tile in Scrabble. I\u2019ll include a table to show how many of each letter exists in a standard Scrabble game, as well. When you play one of these letter tiles on the Scrabble board, you get the point value indicated on the letter tile. [PAR] Scrabble Point Distribution [PAR] A \u2013 E \u2013 I \u2013 O \u2013 - U \u2013 L \u2013 N \u2013 R \u2013 S \u2013 T = 1 point [PAR] D \u2013 G = 2 points [PAR] B \u2013 C \u2013 M \u2013 P = 3 points [PAR] F \u2013 H \u2013 W \u2013 Y \u2013 V = 4 points [PAR] K = 5 points [PAR] J \u2013 X = 8 points [PAR] Q \u2013 Z = 10 points [PAR] The following table shows how many of each letters there are in a standard game of Scrabble. In all, there are 100 tiles to play in any given Scrabble game. [PAR] Scrabble Letter Distribution [PAR] 1: J \u2013 K \u2013 X \u2013 Q \u2013 Z [PAR] 2: B \u2013 C \u2013 F \u2013 H \u2013 M \u2013 P \u2013 W \u2013 Y \u2013 V \u2013 Blank Tiles [PAR] 3: G [PAR] 4: D \u2013 L \u2013 S \u2013 U [PAR] 6: N \u2013 R \u2013 T [PAR] 10: E [PAR] Double and Triple Scores [PAR] When any of the letters of a word you place on the board covers a double or triple score, apply that modifier to your word score. If it\u2019s a double or triple letter score, only modify the score for the letter on that tile. If it\u2019s a double or triple word score, add up the score for all the tiles and then multiply the amount by the modifier. [PAR] If you happen to cross two or more modifiers with your word, apply all of them. If you cross a triple letter score and a double word score, then multiple the triple score letter by x3 and then multiple the whole word score by x2. If you happen to cross two word multipliers, then remember to multiple the word score by both values. In this way, scores can reach large numbers. [PAR] There is a limiting factor to the scores made by these tiles, though. That\u2019s because, once used, these tiles can\u2019t be reused for the purposes of multipliers. [PAR] Reusing Double and Triple Scores [PAR] After a double-word or triple-word score has been used and figured, that space will not be worth a double- or triple-word score again in the game. The same goes for double-letter and triple-letter scores. [PAR] For example, imagine that a letter tile saying double-word score, like the one you play off of at the beginning of the game, is \u201cactivated\u201d at the beginning of the game. Whoever plays off that tile first gets a double-word score. But the next player who builds a word off that same letter does not get a double-word score. This rule is there for several purposes, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2011 | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and ... 2011 | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences [PAR] Music (Original Score) - Alexandre Desplat [PAR] Cinematography - Danny Cohen [PAR] Actor in a Supporting Role - Geoffrey Rush in \"The King's Speech\" [PAR] Actress in a Supporting Role - Helena Bonham Carter in \"The King's Speech\" [PAR] Costume Design - Jenny Beavan [PAR] Sound Mixing - Paul Hamblin, Martin Jensen and John Midgley [PAR] Art Direction - Production Design: Eve Stewart; Set Decoration: Judy Farr [PAR] Film Editing - Tariq Anwar [PAR] * Actor in a Leading Role - Colin Firth in \"The King's Speech\" [PAR] * Best Picture - Iain Canning, Emile Sherman and Gareth Unwin, Producers [PAR] * Writing (Original Screenplay) - Screenplay by David Seidler [PAR] * Directing - Tom Hooper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scouser - definition of Scouser by The Free Dictionary Scouser - definition of Scouser by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Scouser - definition of Scouser by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Scouser [PAR] a. often Scous\u00b7er (skou\u2032s\u0259r) A native or resident of Liverpool, England. [PAR] b. often Scouse The dialect of English spoken in Liverpool. [PAR] Liverpool - a large city in northwestern England; its port is the country's major outlet for industrial exports [PAR] English person - a native or inhabitant of England [PAR] Translations [PAR] Scouser [PAR] n (Brit inf) \u2192 Liverpooler(in) m(f) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] scouse [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] The other Scouser abroad that I must tell you about went to America in 1997 with PS2,000 and a suitcase he bought at a car boot sale. [PAR] Heard the one about...? It's time for a laugh again [PAR] Bet365 - number of red cards in Merseyside derby: 2-5 none, 11-4 one, 6 two or more; S Gerrard/P Neville specials: 5-6 either player booked, 9 either player sent off; number of Premier League red cards this weekend: 2 two, three or more, 9-4 one, 5 none; Scouser (Gerrard, Carragher,[DOC] [TLE] Liverpool Scouse Language and Dialect - Y2U.co.uk Liverpool Scouse Language and Dialect [PAR] Put yourself on the Liverpool Map - Don't forget to have your say [PAR] Scouse [PAR] Scouse is the accent and dialect of English found in the north-western English city of Liverpool and in some adjoining urban areas of Merseyside. The Scouse accent is highly distinctive and sounds wholly different from the accents used in the neighbouring regions of Cheshire and rural Lancashire. Inhabitants of Liverpool are called Liverpudlians, but are more often described by the slang term Scousers. [PAR] Comment"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kimberlite - Homestead Kimberlite [PAR] Kimberlite [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] \"Wyomingite\" [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] Green Street Dike [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] Tompkins County [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] Photographed by Michael P. Klimetz [PAR] Green Street Dike [PAR] Onondaga County [PAR] NEW YORK [PAR] Kimberlite is a type of potassic volcanic rock best known for sometimes containing diamonds. It is named after the town of Kimberley in South Africa, where the discovery of an 83.5-carat (16.7 g) diamond in 1871 spawned a diamond rush. Kimberlite occurs in the Earth's crust in vertical structures known as kimberlite pipes. Kimberlite pipes are the most important source of mined diamonds today. The general consensus, reached on kimberlites, is that they are formed deep within the mantle, at depths between 150 and 450 kilometres (93 and 280 mi), from anomalously enriched exotic mantle compositions, and are erupted rapidly and violently, often with considerable carbon dioxide and other volatile components. It is this depth of melting and generation which makes kimberlites prone to hosting diamond xenocrysts. Kimberlite has, in many ways, attracted more attention than its relative volume might suggest that it deserves. This is largely because it serves as a carrier of diamonds and garnet peridotite mantle xenoliths to the Earth's surface. Furthermore, its probable derivation from depths greater than any other igneous rock type, and the extreme magma composition that it reflects in terms of low silica content and high levels of incompatible trace element enrichment, make an understanding of kimberlite petrogenesis important. In this regard, the study of kimberlite has the potential to provide valuable information on the composition of the deep mantle, and melting processes occurring at or near the interface between the cratonic continental lithosphere and the underlying convecting asthenospheric mantle. Kimberlites occur as carrot-shaped, vertical intrusions termed 'pipes' [see profile below]. This classic carrot shape is formed due to a complex intrusive process of kimberlitic magma which inherits a large proportion of both CO2 and H2O in the system, which produces a deep explosive boiling stage that causes a significant amount of vertical flaring. Kimberlite classification is based on the recognition of differing rock facies. These differing facies are associated with a particular style of magmatic activity, namely crater, diatreme and hypabyssal rocks. The morphology of kimberlite pipes, and the classical carrot shape, is the result of explosive diatreme volcanism from very deep mantle-derived sources. These volcanic explosions produce vertical columns of rock that rise from deep magma reservoirs. The morphology of kimberlite pipes is varied but generally includes a sheeted dyke complex of tabular, vertically dipping feeder dykes in the root of the pipe which extends down to the mantle. Within 1.5\u20132 km (0.93\u20131.2 mi) of the surface, the highly pressured magma explodes upwards and expands to form a conical to cylindrical diatreme, which erupts to the surface. The surface expression is rarely preserved but is usually similar to a maar volcano. The diameter of a kimberlite pipe at the surface is typically a few hundred meters to a kilometer (up to 0.6 mile). Kimberlites are the most important source of primary diamonds. Many kimberlite pipes also produce rich alluvial or eluvial diamond placer deposits. However, only about 1 in 200 kimberlite pipes contain gem-quality diamonds. The deposits occurring at Kimberley, South Africa were the first recognized and the source of the name. The Kimberley diamonds were originally found in weathered kimberlite which was colored yellow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Little Gems - The Flumps Little Gems - The Flumps [PAR] Little Gems [PAR] Click above for the end theme music [PAR] (highly compressed 518Kb zipped Wav to 1.1Mb decompressed) [PAR] The Flumps [PAR] This is a real blast from the past and was a strange one as it never made it to prime time BBC television at 15:55 onwards. For some reason it was always on at around 13:30-13:45 weekly on BBC1 or BBC2. The end credits show a David Yates Ltd. copyright of 1976 so it was probably first shown on TV around that year or 1977 as my Radiotimes magazines from that era have it listed as. Surprisingly, there were only 13 episodes made, a bit like Mr. Benn really, when it seems there were many more. This superb little series was created & written by Julie Holder and narrated by the talented Gay Soper. Gays Soper's wonderful voice, especially when singing the little songs brings back very vivid memories of this series. Each episode lasted in excess of 13+ minutes and centred around the Flump family. The Flumps were small ball shaped puppets filmed using a stop motion camera. [PAR] The family was headed by Father Flump who was very clever and often invented things. Mother Flump spent most of her time tidying and did the cooking and often read to the young Flumps, stories from the big book. Perkin Flump was the eldest of the children and often wore a yellow and blue hat. Posie was the only girl and she always wore a bright blue ribbon on her head. Pootle was the youngest member of the Flump family, he often got things confused and he sometimes wore a white hat. Grandfather Flump was the oldest Flump and spent most of his time either in the garden playing with the younger Flumps or playing his Flumpet (musical instrument). If Grandfather was not doing any of the above then he would sometimes be found sitting in the comfy chair reading his paper or sleeping under it as was often the case. He always woke up for tea though, especially if Mother Flump had been baking. Each episode also contained a story or pictures from Mother Flumps big book. The lack of detailed movement with their eyes was more than made up for with the delicate movements and action of their hands. They certainly don't make them like this anymore. [PAR] Characters[DOC] [TLE] Flumps, The TV Programme product reviews and price comparison Flumps, The TV Programme product reviews and price comparison [PAR] Disadvantages [PAR] Great fun for kids [PAR] When I think back to TV shows from when I was growing up one always comes to mind with the rest and that was The Flumps, which when you look back on it now looks very strange and I guess it was even in those days. I guess back then when we were kids we didn't think too much about it and just sat back and enjoyed the TV shows that used to be aired. [PAR] The Flumps was a popular children's programme produced in 1976 and broadcast by the BBC many times from 1977 to 1988, and it was in the 1980's I used to watch it. The plot centred around the various adventures of a family of furry, human-like characters called the Flumps. They were pretty strange looking characters who looked a bit like furry potatoes but were very funny and loveable all the same. [PAR] There were a few main characters in the series. Grandpa Flump spent most of his days sleeping or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Massport - Logan Airport Massport - Logan Airport [PAR] Logan Airport [PAR] 4:17 PM, Wed, January, 18, 2017 [PAR] 39\u00b0 [PAR] H:41\u00b0 L:36\u00b0 [PAR] Expedited Travel Options [PAR] Which TSA program is best way to cut screen time? The Boston Globe examines options helping travelers cut down wait times from curbside to their gates.[DOC] [TLE] Boston Logan taxi service \u2013 reliable Boston Logan airport ... Boston Logan Taxi Service \u2013 Reliable Boston Logan Airport Car Rental Company [PAR] Logan airport taxi and town car services with cheap rates [PAR] Boston Logan taxi service \u2013 reliable Boston Logan airport car rental company [PAR] Boston Airport Express Car Service Provides Logan Airport Car Service, Boston Airport Taxi Service and premium transportation service for travelers coming in and out of the Massachusetts and New England areas. Our Logan Airport Taxi services are designed to make sure you arrive on time to your destination safely and in comfort. Call us and you will find us as one of the best Boston Logan International taxi cab and car rental company in Massachusetts area. [PAR] Our Logan Airport Taxi service comes with the best rates in the city, so you never have to break the bank to get to and from your accommodations when you choose our Logan Car Service and Logan taxi services as you needed. We specialize in prompt and professional transportation, and all of our drivers are highly trained to put your needs first. We take your safety seriously, which is why we only hire experienced and certified taxi drivers for our team. [PAR] Best Boston Logan International airport taxi cab services [PAR] Advantage of Boston Airport Express Car [PAR] best rates in the city [PAR] smart fare calculator [PAR] Book your Car Service Now! Get Instant Quote FREE and Proceed to Reservation [PAR] Type of Service"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breeds of Livestock - Karakul Sheep - Animal Science Breeds of Livestock - Karakul Sheep \u2014 Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Karakul Sheep [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Karakul Sheep [PAR] Karakul [PAR] Also Known By: Karakul'skaya (Russian), Astrakhan, Bukhara , Karag\u00fcl (Turkey) [PAR] The Karakul may be the oldest breed of domesticated sheep. Archeological evidence indicates the existence of the Persian lambskin as early as 1400 B.C. and carvings of a distinct Karakul type have been found on ancient Babylonian temples. Although known as the \"fur\" sheep, the Karakul provided more than the beautifully patterned silky pelts of the young lambs. They were also a source of milk, meat, tallow, and wool, a strong fiber that was felted into fabric or woven into carpeting. [PAR] The Karakul is native to Central Asia and is named after a village called Karakul which lies in the valley of the Amu Darja River in the former emirate of Bokhara, West Turkestan. This region is one of high altitude with scant desert vegetation and a limited water supply. A hard life imparted to the breed a hardiness and ability to thrive under adverse conditions, which is distinctive of the Karakul sheep to this day. [PAR] Karakuls were introduced.to the U.S. between 1908 and 1929 for pelt production. Very few animals were obtained. U.S. breeders, in their eagerness to produce a large quantity of pelts, introduced other breeds into the bloodlines. This produced pelts of inferior quality and eventually the industry and the flocks were dispersed. Even in their native regions, the demand for furs resulted in a crossing and intermingling of native fat-tailed sheep so that the native flocks exhibit wide variations in type and color. This lack of uniformity is apparent. Body and fleece types vary even in those Karakuls capable of producing lambs of high quality fur. [PAR] With a growing interest in the fiber arts in the United States, there has been an increased interest in the Karakul sheep. It is a specialty breed that is finding its niche as part of the cottage industry. The fleece is seen in a variety of natural colors. In its native region the colors are called by the following names; Arabi (black), Guligas (pink-roan), Kambar (brown), Shirazi (grey) and Sur (agouti). Occationally individuals are white or pied. This is partially due to its multiple uses: fur, fleece, and meat, along with the qualities of hardiness and adaptability. Today there are small farm flocks scattered throughout the U.S. [PAR] Characteristics of the Karakul [PAR] The harsh conditions under which they evolved has given them strong and lasting teeth, a key to their longevity. They are resistant to internal parasites and foot rot. While they respond to good feed and care, they are excellent foragers and will go through a season of scant food or graze marginal land in which ordinary sheep would not survive. Karakuls withstand extremes of either hot or cold but they should have access to dry cover and be kept out of marshy pastures. [PAR] Karakuls breed out of season, making it possible for three lamb crops in two years. Single lambs are the rule, although twins are born occasionally. [PAR] The ewes are very protective and attentive mothers, resulting in a high lamb survival rate. The Karakuls posses a strong flocking instinct and can be run either on open range or in fenced pastures. They do not herd well; they are likely to scatter or fight a dog trying to herd them. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bifocal Lens invented by Benjamin Franklin in year 1784 Bifocal Lens invented by Benjamin Franklin in year 1784 [PAR] Invented by : Benjamin Franklin [PAR] Invented in year : 1784 [PAR] Bifocals are eyeglasses with two distinct optical powers. The are composed of a lens having one section that corrects for distant vision and another section that corrects for near vision. They are also known as 'Benjamin Franklin Bifocals' or 'Benjamin Franklin Glasses'. Bifocals are most commonly prescribed to people with presbyopia who also require a correction for myopia, hyperopia, and/or astigmatism. Original bifocals were designed with the most convex lenses (for close viewing) in the lower half of the frame and the least convex lenses on the upper. Up until the beginning of the 20th century two separate lenses were cut in half and combined together in the rim of the frame. The mounting of two half lenses into a single frame led to a number of early complications and rendered such spectacles quite fragile. [PAR] History [PAR] In 1784, Benjamin Franklin developed bifocal glasses. He was getting old and was having trouble seeing both up-close and at a distance. Getting tired of switching between two types of glasses, he devised a way to have both types of lenses fit into the frame. The distance lens was placed at the top and the the up-close lens was placed at the bottom. John Isaac Hawkins, the inventor of trifocal lenses, coined the term bifocals in 1824 and credited Dr. Franklin. [PAR] Development in the invention of Bifocals [PAR] Towards the end of 19th century Louis de Wecker devised a method to fuse the lenses together. This method was later patented by Dr. John L. Borsch, Jr. in 1908. Just a couple years later, the first single piece bifocal lens appeared. [PAR] Bifocal lenses evolved rapidly throughout the 20th century. In the 1980s the first bifocal contact lenses appeared. [PAR] Multifocals were later developed which let's one focus through different prescriptions at different distances through the same lens - hence the name. Bifocals (meaning a lens with two points of focus \u2014 usually one for distance and one for near) are the most commonly prescribed multifocal lenses. [PAR] Role of Bifocals in the development of human life [PAR] It is because of the invention of Benjamin Franklin that people with eye problems are able to read comfortably. [PAR] The invention has laid the foundation for further research which continues to eliminate the limited field of vision in current bifocals. [PAR] New materials and technologies may provide a method which can selectively adjust the optical power of a lens. Researchers have constructed such a lens using a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between two glass substrates. [PAR] Other Inventions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Transverse Myelitis Fact Sheet - ninds.nih.gov Transverse Myelitis Fact Sheet | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [PAR] National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [PAR] Where can I get more information? [PAR] What is transverse myelitis? [PAR] Transverse myelitis is a neurological disorder caused by inflammation across both sides of one level, or segment, of the spinal cord. The term myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord; transverse simply describes the position of the inflammation, that is, across the width of the spinal cord. Attacks of inflammation can damage or destroy myelin, the fatty insulating substance that covers nerve cell fibers. This damage causes nervous system scars that interrupt communications between the nerves in the spinal cord and the rest of the body. [PAR] Symptoms of transverse myelitis include a loss of spinal cord function over several hours to several weeks. What usually begins as a sudden onset of lower back pain, muscle weakness, or abnormal sensations in the toes and feet can rapidly progress to more severe symptoms, including paralysis, urinary retention, and loss of bowel control. Although some patients recover from transverse myelitis with minor or no residual problems, others suffer permanent impairments that affect their ability to perform ordinary tasks of daily living. Most patients will have only one episode of transverse myelitis; a small percentage may have a recurrence. [PAR] The segment of the spinal cord at which the damage occurs determines which parts of the body are affected. Nerves in the cervical (neck) region control signals to the neck, arms, hands, and muscles of breathing (the diaphragm). Nerves in the thoracic (upper back) region relay signals to the torso and some parts of the arms. Nerves at the lumbar (mid-back) level control signals to the hips and legs. Finally, sacral nerves, located within the lowest segment of the spinal cord, relay signals to the groin, toes, and some parts of the legs. Damage at one segment will affect function at that segment and segments below it. In patients with transverse myelitis, demyelination usually occurs at the thoracic level, causing problems with leg movement and bowel and bladder control, which require signals from the lower segments of the spinal cord. [PAR] Who gets transverse myelitis? [PAR] Transverse myelitis occurs in adults and children, in both genders, and in all races. No familial predisposition is apparent. A peak in incidence rates (the number of new cases per year) appears to occur between 10 and 19 years and 30 and 39 years. Although only a few studies have examined incidence rates, it is estimated that about 1,400 new cases of transverse myelitis are diagnosed each year in the United States, and approximately 33,000 Americans have some type of disability resulting from the disorder. [PAR] What causes transverse myelitis? [PAR] Researchers are uncertain of the exact causes of transverse myelitis. The inflammation that causes such extensive damage to nerve fibers of the spinal cord may result from viral infections or abnormal immune reactions. Transverse myelitis also may occur as a complication of syphilis, measles, Lyme disease, and some vaccinations, including those for chickenpox and rabies. Cases in which a cause cannot be identified are called idiopathic. [PAR] Transverse myelitis often develops following viral infections. Infectious agents suspected of causing transverse myelitis include varicella zoster (the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles), herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, influenza, echovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A, and rubella. Bacterial skin infections, middle-ear infections (otitis media), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (bacterial pneumonia) have also been associated with the condition. [PAR] In post-infectious cases of transverse myelitis, immune system mechanisms,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speed (1994 film) - Wikiquote Speed (1994 film) - Wikiquote [PAR] Speed (1994 film) [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Speed is a 1994 action - thriller film that focuses on police officer Jack Traven who must race against speed to foil the crazed plan of an insane bomber/extortionist, who sets up a bomb on a city bus which Traven boards, which must keep moving above 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) or the bomb will explode. [PAR] Get ready for rush hour [PAR] Contents [PAR] Howard Payne[ edit ] [PAR] A bomb is made to explode. That's its meaning. Its purpose. Your life is empty because you spend it trying to stop the bomb from becoming. And for who? For what? You know what a bomb is, Jack, that doesn't explode? It's a cheap gold watch, buddy. [PAR] Dialogue[ edit ] [PAR] Harry: Alright, pop quiz. Airport, gunman with a hostage. He's using her for cover. He's almost to a plane. You're one hundred feet away. [PAR] [Jack doesn't respond] [PAR] Jack: Shoot the hostage. [PAR] Harry: What? [PAR] Jack: Take her out of the equation. Go for the good wound and he can't get to the plane with her. Clear shot. [PAR] Harry: You're deeply nuts, you know that? \"Shoot the hostage.\" [chuckles] [PAR] [Payne is holding Harry hostage in the parking garage at gunpoint with explosives strapped to his chest.] [PAR] Payne: End of the line. This day has been real disappointing, I don't mind saying. [PAR] Jack: Why, 'cause you didn't get to kill everyone? [PAR] Payne: There will come a time, boy, when you'll wish you'd never met me. [PAR] Jack: Mister, I'm already there. [PAR] Payne: [on the phone] What do you think, Jack? You think you pick up all the bus driver's teeth they'll give you another medal? [PAR] Jack: Jeez... [PAR] Payne: You think I wouldn't have been prepared? Two years I spent setting up that elevator job, two years I invested in it. You couldn't understand the kind of commitment that I have. You ruined a man's life's work and you think you can walk away? You got blinders on to the world! But I got your attention now, didn't I Jack? [PAR] Jack: Why didn't you just come after me? [PAR] Payne: No this is about ME! This is about my money, this is about money DUE ME! Which I WILL collect! 3.7 Million dollars! It's my nest egg, Jack, at my age you have to think ahead. [PAR] Jack: [angry] When I find you... [PAR] Payne: [cuts him off] Pop quiz, hotshot. There's a bomb on a bus. Once the bus goes 50 miles an hour, the bomb is armed. If it drops below 50, it blows up. What do you do? What do you do? [PAR] Jack: I'd want to know what bus it was... [PAR] Payne: You think I'm going to tell you that? [PAR] Jack: Yes. [PAR] Payne: Aha, very good. There are rules, Jack, and I want you to get this right. NO ONE goes off the bus. If you try to take any passengers off the bus, I will detonate it. I want my money by 11AM. [PAR] Jack: We can't pull that kind of money in time! [PAR] Payne: FOCUS, JACK! Your concern is the bus. And don't try to call. The radio's down. Now, the number of the bus is 2525, it's running downtown from Venice. It's at the corner of Ocean Park & Main. [PAR] [Jack takes off for his car as sirens from approaching fire engines can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rod Stewart Picture Pages - SuperiorPics.com The Rod Stewart Picture Pages [PAR] I Don't Want to Talk About It [PAR] Background: [PAR] \u201cElvis was the king. No doubt about it. People like myself, Mick Jagger and all the others only followed in his footsteps.\u201d Rod Stewart [PAR] British singer and songwriter Rod Stewart began his music career with the groups Jimmy Powell and the Five Dimensions, The Hoochie Coochie Men, Shotgun Express, The Jeff Beck Group and Faces before raising to fame as a soloist thanks to the 1971 platinum album \u201cEvery Picture Tells a Story,\u201d which was a No. 1 album in the United Kingdom and United States. He continued to produce hit albums throughout the 1970s with \u201cNever A Dull Moment\u201d (1972), \u201cSmiler\u201d (1974), \u201cAtlantic Crossing\u201d (1975), \u201cA Night On The Town\u201d (1976) and \u201cBlondes Have More Fun\u201d (1978), which became his last U.S. chart topping release in 26 years. Stewart enjoyed varied success during 1980s and 1990s and experienced a rebirth in the 2000s by singing pop standards from the \u201cGreat American Songbook.\u201d He won his first Grammy Award for \u201cStardust: The Great American Songbook 3\u201d (2004), his third album of Pop standards. The album also marked his first U.S. No. 1 hit release after \u201cBlondes Have More Fun.\u201d He had another chart topper with \u201cStill The Same... Great Rock Classics Of Our Time\u201d (2006). During his long tenure in the industry, Stewart has produced a number of hit singles, including \u201cMaggie May,\u201d \u201dReason to Believe\u201d (1971), \u201cYou Wear It Well\u201d (1972), \u201cSailing\u201d (1975), \u201cTonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)\u201d (1976), \u201cI Don't Want to Talk About It,\u201d \u201cThe First Cut Is the Deepest\u201d (1977), \u201cDo Ya Think I'm Sexy\u201d (1978) and \u201cBaby Jane\u201d (1983). [PAR] In the music industry since 1964, Steward was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame on October 11, 2005, for his contribution to music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 and the U.K. Music Hall of Fame in 2006. He was also awarded CBE in 2007. [PAR] Rod the Mod [PAR] Childhood and Family: [PAR] Roderick David Stewart, professionally known as Rod Stewart, was born on January 10, 1945, in Highgate, London, England, to a Scottish father, Robert Joseph Stewart, and an English mother, Elsie Stewart. His father was a master builder and after he retired ran a news agent shop. The Stewart family lived over the shop. The youngest of five siblings, Rod has two brothers (Bob and Don) and two sisters (Mary and Peggy). All of his siblings were born while the family lived in Scotland years before they moved to Highgate. [PAR] Rod was educated at Highgate Primary School and the William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School in Hornsey. Growing up in a family of soccer lovers, he became an avid fan of Arsenal F.C. and excelled in the sport. He served as the captain of the soccer team at his school and also played for Middlesex Schoolboys. It was his family who introduced him to music when they became a fan of singer Al Jolson. Rod developed a love for rock and roll after he listened to Little Richard's hit \u201cThe Girl Can't Help It\u201d (1956) and attended a concert of Bill Haley & His Comets. He got his first guitar at age 14 and joined his first group a year later. [PAR] Rod quit school at age 15 and worked as a silk screen printer. At the urging of his father, he pursued professional soccer and became an apprentice with the Brentford F.C., in 1961. He soon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Obturator Nerve Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps Obturator Nerve Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Obturator nerve [PAR] The obturator nerve begins at the medial border of the psoas major muscle. It travels through the obturator foramen (an opening in the pelvic bone) before entering the thigh, where it branches into two parts, an anterior branch and posterior branch. The obturator nerve is part of the group of nerves called the anterior lumbar plexus. [PAR] The nerve provides sensory perception to the skin on the medial side of the thigh. It also provides motor function to the hip and knee joints and the abductor muscles and gracilis. [PAR] The obturator nerve can be damaged through injury to the nerve itself or to surrounding muscle tissue. This type of injury can occur during household or car accidents and it can also happen accidentally during abdominal surgery. A damaged obturator nerve can cause pain, numbness, and weakness of the thigh. Mild damage to the obturator nerve can be treated with physical therapy. More severe cases may require surgery. The nerve has the ability to regenerate itself at a rate of about one inch per month.[DOC] [TLE] Video: Gluteal muscles | Kenhub Video: Gluteal muscles | Kenhub [PAR] Gluteal muscles [PAR] Show transcript [PAR] Hello, everyone! This is Joao from Kenhub, and welcome to another tutorial where, this time, I'm going to be talking about the gluteal muscles that we\u2019re going to be looking at right now on your screen. And these are muscles that you find on your buttocks region. And on this tutorial, I will help you learn and understand the anatomy and functions of the gluteal muscles. [PAR] Now, before we move forward, I want to just describe a little bit of what you\u2019re seeing here on your image. We\u2019re looking at the posterior or dorsal view of the bony pelvis, right here. And you can see the group of muscles that we\u2019re going to be discussing on this tutorial, right about here. And these are the right gluteal muscles. You would, of course, have the same here on the left side. And you can see a little bit of the femur here projected here inferiorly on the image here. [PAR] Now, keep in mind that now I'm going to be adding another set of muscles known as the posterior thigh muscles. So you can also see, if I zoom out, you can then see the gluteal muscles in context with other muscles of the lower limb. [PAR] Now, on this tutorial, I want to add that the gluteal muscles are important because they\u2019re essential for different functions including extension and also abduction of the hip joint. And therefore, they\u2019re quite useful for different things, including walking, standing on one leg, or just walking the stairs. [PAR] Now, the gluteal muscle group contains four muscles and these are the gluteus maximus, the gluteus medius, the gluteus minimus, and the tensor fasciae latae. Underneath the gluteal muscles, we\u2019re going to find another layer known as the posterior hip musculature that we\u2019re going to be discussing on this tutorial, and you can see now on the image on the right side. And these include the piriformis muscle, the internal and external obturator muscles, the superior and inferior gemelli, and the quadratus femoris. [PAR] Now, let\u2019s start with the very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheltenham Festival 2014: live - Telegraph Cheltenham Festival 2014: live - Telegraph [PAR] Cheltenham Festival [PAR] Cheltenham Festival 2014: live [PAR] Follow minute-by-minute commentary of day four of the Cheltenham Festival on Friday March 14 2014, including the Gold Cup at 15.20 (GMT) [PAR] Glaring error: A jockey is unseated during the third day's racing at the 2014 Cheltenham Festival Photo: REUTERS [PAR] \u2022 Ruby Walsh breaks his right arm in the first race [PAR] \u2022 Tiger Roll kicks off Michael O'Leary's four on the day [PAR] \u2022 County Hurdle breaks Nicholls duck for Daryl Jacob [PAR] \u2022 But Jacob's next horse bolts into rail before Albert Bartlett [PAR] \u2022 Nasty injury for the jockey... Very Wood wins that race [PAR] \u2022 LORD WINDERMERE WINS THRILLING GOLD CUP [PAR] \u2022 Stewards' enquiry finds hampering of runner-up not crucial [PAR] \u2022 Tammy's Hill wins Foxhunter | Don Poli takes the Martin Pipe [PAR] \u2022 Bookies' joy: 10/1, 11/1, 33/1, 20/1, 15/2, 12/1 and 16/1 winners [PAR] 17.35 Well, an astonishing day of sport. Had almost everything. A thrilling Gold Cup, with a side-order of controversy and a stewards' enquiry. A wonderful redemption story for jockey Davy Russell. Yet more demonstrations of extreme courage from jockeys and horses alike. Unfortunately, some injuries to jockeys Ruby Walsh and Daryl Jacob. All that the day really lacked was a big win for the punters. Still, that's racing. Thanks very much for following it with us over these last four days. Cheers. [PAR] 17.30 No doubt as to the happiest of the day: the men of Gigginstown Stud. A fourth win for them. Runners-up must be our esteemed friends the bookies, who have enjoyed a series of 10/1, 11/1, 33/1, 20/1, 15/2, 12/1 and 16/1 winners. [PAR] Cheltenham 5.15 [PAR] 1 Savello (D N Russell) 16-1 [PAR] 2 Ned Buntline (P Carberry) 6-1 Jt Fav [PAR] 3 Claret Cloak (N Fehily) 6-1 Jt Fav [PAR] 4 Next Sensation (R Johnson) 7-1 [PAR] 23 ran Non Runner: 14 [PAR] Tote: win \u00a321.10 places \u00a34.40 \u00a32.20 \u00a32.30 \u00a32.40 [PAR] Tote Exacta: \u00a3165.00 CSF: \u00a3102.54 Tricast: \u00a3674.60 [PAR] No 14 Oscar Hill (66-1) was withdrawn not under orders. Rule 4 does not apply. [PAR] Next Sensation and Changing The Guard head them off, goodness me, Next Sensation is haring away from the field. His Excellency and Mr Mole get a mention towards the back. Anquetta is in second but Next Sensation is fully 15 lengths clear as they come to turn downhill. Oiseau De Nuit and Shooters Wood up there. Competitive Edge the faller.Mr Mole making some progress. Oiseau has fallen. It's a thrilling finish with Savello powering through for the win, poor old Next Sensation overhauled at the death, and that's another great win for Davy Russell. What a day he has had! [PAR] They're off, finally! [PAR] 17.15 They're about to go off in the last race, the Johnny Henderson... There is a delay while they wait for Oscar Hill. Oh no! He's run off miles away, he's out on the cross country course. Our much loved colleague Giles Mole has put the Mole fortune on a horse called Mr Mole. Well, you have to, don't you? [PAR] 17.10 Pick the winner of this and you'll have earned yourself a very large drink indeed. I personally am out. [PAR] 17.05 Time, then, for one more race. It's a two mile chase, it is run over three miles. [PAR] 16.56 Well, that's me busted flat. I'm not in Baton Rouge, but still. The winners today: 10/1, 11/1, 33/1, 20/1, 15/2 and 12/1 with one race"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Polynesia: History - TripAdvisor French Polynesia: History - TripAdvisor [PAR] Want the lowest hotel prices? You're in the right place. We check 200+ sites for you. [PAR] French Polynesia: History [PAR] Review a place you\u2019ve visited [PAR] JOIN [PAR] Free Newsletter [PAR] Interested in French Polynesia? [PAR] We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for French Polynesia each week. [PAR] French Polynesia Traveler Article: [PAR] Read more about French Polynesia [PAR] Topics include Transportation, Things to Do, Dining Scene, For Foreign Visitors & more! [PAR] Comments (0) [PAR] The Marquesas Islands are believed to have been settled in around 300 AD by Polynesians from Tonga and Samoa Islands. The western portion of French Polynesia was likely inhabited by around 800 AD. [PAR] Europeans began exploring the region in 1767, when British explorer Samuel Wallis came upon what has become known as Tahiti. French navigator Louis Antoine de Bougainville followed soon after, and in 1769, British explorer Captain James Cook arrived. Cook gave Tahiti its name and called its surrounding islands the Society Islands after his sponsor, Britain\u2019s Royal Society. [PAR] In 1796, the first European settlers arrived from the London Missionary Society. In 1815 Pomare II, a prominent local chief, had converted to Christianity, and the religion spread quickly through the French Polynesia. French Catholic missionaries arrived in the area in 1836, but were driven out by Christian Tahitians. The expulsion of these missionaries, along with interest in building a naval base in the South Pacific, heightened French interest. In 1842, France made the Marquesas and Tahiti a protectorate, and soon colonized other islands in the region. In 1880, King Pomare V officially ceded his kingdom of Tahiti and Moorea to France. The islands became part of French Oceania. The boundaries of French Polynesia were set in 1900 by the annexation of the Austral Islands. [PAR] In the early 20th century Tahiti\u2019s port town of Papeete became the main economic, administrative, and religious center for the region. During World War Two, the island of Bora Bora became a fueling station for United States forces. American influence during and after the war helped inspire French Polynesian nationalism and the desire for more cultural, economic, and political freedom. In 1946 the colony became an overseas territory of France, and a territorial assembly was created to manage local affairs. In the late 1940s an independence movement emerged in the region. However, in a referendum held in 1958, island voters chose to remain a territory of France rather than become independent and lose French economic aid. Movements for greater autonomy continued throughout the 1970s and 1980s, resulting in several statutes that gave the territorial government more power, though to this day it remains a French protectorate. [PAR] An international airport opened in Papeete in 1963, spurring major growth in tourism. Today, the economies of French Polynesia are based almost entirely on tourism, with a decreasing portion of the population relying on traditional subsistence agriculture. [PAR] Share your knowledge[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Captain James Cook BBC - History - Captain James Cook [PAR] z [PAR] Portrait of Captain James Cook, by John Webber \u00a9 Cook was an 18th century explorer and navigator whose achievements in mapping the Pacific, New Zealand and Australia radically changed western perceptions of world geography. As one of the very few men in the 18th century navy to rise through the ranks, Cook was particularly sympathetic to the needs of ordinary sailors. [PAR] James Cook was born on 27 October 1728 in a small village near Middlesbrough in Yorkshire. His father was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barry Lyndon (1975) - IMDb Barry Lyndon (1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An Irish rogue wins the heart of a rich widow and assumes her dead husband's aristocratic position in 18th-century England. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Stanley Kubrick (written for the screen by), William Makepeace Thackeray (novel) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 15 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 05 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 17 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 18 Jul 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Barry Lyndon \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 13 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A middle-aged college professor becomes infatuated with a fourteen-year-old nymphet. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] After refusing to attack an enemy position, a general accuses the soldiers of cowardice and their commanding officer must defend them. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A New York City doctor, who is married to an art curator, pushes himself on a harrowing and dangerous night-long odyssey of sexual and moral discovery after his wife admits that she once almost cheated on him. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Crooks plan and execute a daring race-track robbery. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] The slave Spartacus leads a violent revolt against the decadent Roman Republic. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] An insane general triggers a path to nuclear holocaust that a war room full of politicians and generals frantically try to stop. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Ready to catch a train to his hometown, a washed up boxer tells us about the strange and twisty events that happened to him the past couple of days. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Four soldiers trapped behind enemy lines must confront their fears and desires. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In the Eighteenth Century, in a small village in Ireland, Redmond Barry is a young farm boy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cunard Line Home - Atlantic Liners The Cunard Line | Atlantic Liners [PAR] The Cunard Line [PAR] The Britannia of 1840. (J. Kent Layton Collection) [PAR] The Cunard Line [PAR] Samuel Cunard, founder of the Cunard Company. (J. Kent Layton Collection) [PAR] Originally called the British and North American Steam Packet Company, this legendary steamship line was founded by a Halifax, N.S. gentleman named Samuel Cunard. The company\u2019s name was soon shortened to simply Cunard Company, in honor of its founder. Cunard\u2019s first ship, the Britannia, made her maiden voyage in 1840. It was one of the first regular steamship lines to be inaugurated on the Atlantic trade. Despite competition from other companies \u2013 Collins, White Star, Hamburg-Amerika, French, and others \u2013 Cunard thrived on its reputation for reliability and safety. Their motto was, \u201cWe never lost a life.\u201d [PAR] Information on some of Cunard\u2019s most important ships, 1840-1906: [PAR] Ship Name [PAR] 72\u2032 0\u2033 [PAR] 19,687 [PAR] The Russia, of 1867, still relied heavily on sail power as a supplement to her steam engines. Her profile did, however, eschew more traditional paddlewheels in favor of a single screw propeller, something of a novelty at the time. At a service speed of just over 12 knots, the Russia was well known as one of the swiftest liners of her day. (J. Kent Layton Collection) [PAR] Cunard\u2019s Saxonia of 1900, seen plowing her way through a very rough sea in this spectacular artist\u2019s depiction. (J. Kent Layton Collection) [PAR] By 1902, however, Cunard found itself in a very bad financial state. A protracted rate war among North Atlantic shipping companies, combined with intense competition from White Star and German ships, had left them hurting badly and with a fleet that was very outdated when compared with their competitors. When American financier J. P. Morgan bought out the White Star Line in 1902, and began forming his International Mercantile Marine, the situation only grew worse. It would take a masterstroke to put them back in first place. [PAR] That is precisely what took place. Cunard managed to obtain a loan from Parliament to fund the construction of two new speed-queens, which were to be named Lusitania and Mauretania. These two sister ships became legends in their own time, and remain so to this day. They were the largest ships in the world when they entered service, and between them held the Blue Riband from late 1907 until 1929. [PAR] The Lusitania (left) and Mauretania (right) pass each other in the Mersey, Liverpool, England, in a pre-1912 photograph. Meetings of this nature were relatively rare, since the two ships normally were at opposite ends of the same sailing schedule. (J. Kent Layton Collection) [PAR] Their larger sister, the Aquitania, made her debut on the North Atlantic in 1914 and remained in service until 1950, becoming one of the longest lived of the Atlantic liners. Further information on these three sisters can be found on their respective pages on this site. Detailed information can be found in the pages of my books. For example, Lusitania: An Illustrated Biography focuses on the liner\u2019s career and technology, but also has an entire chapter on the sinking and a breathtaking amount of information (textual and photographic) that has never been published before. You may also be interested in further information on Cunard\u2019s New York terminus, Pier 54. For reference, compare the statistics from Table 1, above, with those contained below: [PAR] Comparative Information, Lusitania, Mauretania, Aquitania: [PAR] Ship Name: [PAR] 97\u2032 [PAR] 46,500 [PAR] The Cunard Line continued to operate through the 1920\u2019s, but during"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aravind Adiga wins literature's Man Booker prize ... Aravind Adiga wins literature's Man Booker prize - USATODAY.com [PAR] Aravind Adiga wins literature's Man Booker prize [PAR] Updated [PAR] Aravind Adiga's novel The White Tiger scored the Man Booker prize. [PAR] LONDON (AP) \u0097 Aravind Adiga has won the prestigious Man Booker prize for his first novel. [PAR] Adiga's novel The White Tiger features a protagonist who will use any means necessary to fulfill his dream of escaping impoverished village life for success in the big city. [PAR] The judges also praised the book's humor. The 34-year-old Adiga is the youngest of the finalists for the prize. [PAR] Irish writer Sebastian Barry was the bookies' favorite Tuesday in a wide-open field of finalists for the prestigious Man Booker prize for fiction. [PAR] Barry's The Secret Scripture, a story of misery, memories and secrets in 1930s Ireland, was 5/2 front-runner among six contenders for the award, according to bookmakers William Hill. Rival bookies Ladbrokes had Barry as 2/1 front-runner. [PAR] Both firms had Indian writer Amitav Ghosh as second-favorite for Sea of Poppies. The winner will be announced late Tuesday. [PAR] The 50,000 pound (US$88,000) prize is among the world's highest-profile literary awards, open to novels in English by writers from Britain, Ireland or the Commonwealth of former British colonies. Winning brings a big boost in profile, and usually in sales. [PAR] Playwright and novelist Barry was previously nominated in 2005 for A Long Long Way. Victory would make him the third Irish winner in four years. The 2005 prize went to John Banville for the The Sea, and last year's winner was Ireland's Anne Enright for The Gathering. The 2006 winner was India's Kiran Desai for The Inheritance of Loss. [PAR] This year's Booker shortlist lacks the star power and household names of some previous contests. [PAR] Few of the six shortlisted authors are household names, and two are first-time authors: Indian novelist Aravind Adiga, nominated for The White Tiger\u2014 the story of a man's dreams of escaping poor village life for success in the big city \u2014 and Australia's Steve Toltz, shortlisted for sprawling father-son saga A Fraction of the Whole. [PAR] Two English authors are also in the running \u2014 Linda Grant for The Clothes on Their Backs and Philip Hensher for The Northern Clemency. [PAR] Among those snubbed by the judging panel was Salman Rushdie, who was on the prize's 13-book long-list for the Enchantress of Florence. In July, Rushdie was named the greatest-ever winner of the literary prize for Midnight's Children, which took the Booker in 1981. [PAR] Graham Sharpe, Booker expert at bookies William Hill, said the judges' decision to omit another highly praised book, Joseph O'Neill's post-9/11 New York saga Netherland, from the shortlist was inexplicable. [PAR] \"It's certainly not a vintage year either for the quality of the books or the gambling on the outcome,\" Sharpe said. \"You haven't got the big names, the controversy \u2014 anything to spark a flame of interest in the shortlist.\" [PAR] William Hill put 7/2 odds on Ghosh and Grant, followed by Toltz at 9/2. Adiga and Hensher were both 5/1 outsiders. [PAR] The award was founded in 1969 and was long known as the Booker Prize. It was renamed when the financial services conglomerate Man Group PLC began sponsoring it five years ago. [PAR] On the Net: http://www.themanbookerprize.com [PAR] Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. [PAR] Posted [PAR] E-mail | Print | [PAR] To report corrections and clarifications, contact Reader Editor Brent Jones"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical or Scientific Names of Common Substances Chemical or Scientific Names of Common Substances [PAR] By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. [PAR] Updated August 06, 2015. [PAR] Chemical or scientific names are used to give an accurate description of a substance's composition. Even so, you rarely ask someone to pass the sodium chloride at the dinner table. It's important to remember that common names are inaccurate and vary from one place and time to another. Therefore, don't assume that you know the chemical composition of a substance based on its common name. This is a list of archaic chemical names and common names for chemicals, with their modern or IUPAC equivalent name. You also may be interested in the list of common chemicals and where to find them . [PAR] Chemical Names and Nomenclature"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Parent Trap (1961) - The Parent Trap Wiki - Wikia The Parent Trap (1961) | The Parent Trap Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Parent Trap Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] The Parent Trap is a 1961 Walt Disney film.[[|[1]]][[|[2]]] It stars Hayley Mills , Maureen O'Hara and Brian Keith in a story about teenage twins and their divorced parents. The screenplay by the film's director David Swift was based upon the book Lottie and Lisa (Das Doppelte Lottchen) by Erich K\u00e4stner . Kastner derived his version from a Deanna Durbin film Three Smart Girls . The Parent Trap was nominated for two Academy Awards , was broadcast on television, saw three television sequels, was remade in 1998 with Lindsay Lohan , and has been released to VHS and DVD. The original film was Mills' second of six films for Disney [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Identical twins Susan Evers and Sharon McKendrick ( Hayley Mills ) meet at summer camp, unaware that they are sisters. Their identical appearance initially creates rivalry, and they continually pull pranks on one another. Eventually, their mischief ruins the camp dance. As punishment, they must live together in an isolated cabin for what remains of the summer. After both admit they come from broken homes, they soon realize they are twin sisters and that their parents, Mitch and Maggie ( Brian Keith and Maureen O'Hara ), divorced shortly after their birth, with each parent having custody of one of them. The twins, each eager to meet the parent they never knew, switch places. While Susan is in Boston masquerading as Sharon, Sharon goes to California pretending to be Susan. [PAR] Sharon telephones Susan in Boston with news that their father is planning to marry a gold-digger , and their mother needs to be rushed to California to prevent the union. In Boston, Susan tells her mother the truth about the switched identities and the two fly there. [PAR] With all four in California, the twins set about (with mild approval from their mother) sabotaging their father's marriage plans. Mitch's money-hungry, and much-younger, fiance, Vicki Robinson ( Joanna Barnes ), receives rude, mischievous treatment from the girls and some veiled cattiness from Maggie. One evening, the girls recreate their parents' first date at an Italian restaurant with a gypsy violinist. The former spouses are gradually drawn together, though they quickly begin bickering over minor things and Vicki. [PAR] To delay Maggie's return to Boston with Sharon, the twins dress and talk alike so their parents are unable to tell them apart. They will reveal who is who only after everyone goes on the annual family camping trip. Mitch and Maggie reluctantly agree, but when Vicki objects to the plan, Maggie tricks her into taking her place. The girls effect the coup de grace : Vicki spends her time swatting mosquitoes and being awakened in terror by two bear cubs licking the honey the twins put on her feet. Exasperated, Vicki angrily slaps one of the girls, and Mitch ends the relationship. Mitch and Maggie rekindle their love, and the two remarry in the final scene with the twins in the wedding party. [PAR] Cast [PAR] Joanna Barnes as Vicky Robinson [PAR] Susan Henning as Susan/Sharon double [PAR] ==Production Notes== [PAR] The screenplay originally called for only a few trick photography shots of Hayley Mills in scenes with herself; the bulk of the film was to be shot using a body double. When Walt Disney saw how seamless the processed shots were, he ordered the script reconfigured to include more of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Big Muddy River | Anglerweb Big Muddy River | Anglerweb [PAR] Big Muddy River [PAR] 166 Miles [PAR] Description: [PAR] The Big Muddy River is located in Illinois. It joins the Mississippi River south of Murphysboro, Illinois. The Big Muddy has been dammed near Benton, Illinois, forming Rend Lake. [PAR] The Big Muddy is approximately 166 miles (267 km) long. It drains 1,500,100 acres (6,071 km\u00b2). In 1995, water quality was assessed as \"fair\" to \"good\". Pollution sources include agricultural practices, mining and municipalities. [PAR] Major tributaries of the Big Muddy include Beaucoup Creek, Little Muddy River, Casey Creek, Middle Fork of the Big Muddy and Crab Orchard Creek. The basin also includes Kinkaid Lake, Rend Lake, Crab Orchard Lake, Devil's Kitchen Lake, Little Grassy Lake and Cedar Lake. [PAR] The northern limit of the watershed is north of Kell, about two miles (3 km) into Marion County. This is on Casey Creek, which might be properly considered the main reach of the river. [PAR] Turkey Bayou Campground:No. Campsites: 5 [PAR] Group Site: No [PAR] Toilets: Vault [PAR] Usable by Persons with Disabilities: Yes [PAR] General Camping Information: There is a maximum of eight campers to a site and a maximum of 14 days continuous use. Campfires are restricted to fire rings. [PAR] Location: Located 11 miles southwest of Murphysboro, Illinois. From Illinois Route 3 take Oakwood Bottoms Road east to Turkey Bayou Campground along side the Big Muddy River. [PAR] Fishing: Boat launch into the Big Muddy River. Fishing is allowed in the Big Muddy River. [PAR] Spot Access: [PAR] Boat Ramp, Parking (car/truck), Parking (boat/trailer), Picnic Area, Power Boats Allowed, Swimming Area, Disabled access, State campground, Shore fishing access, State picnic area, Playground, Camping, Restrooms, Fly Fishing, Wading"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie-Antoinette - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Marie-Antoinette - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Marie Antoinette: Early Life [PAR] Marie Antoinette, the 15th child of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and the powerful Habsburg empress Maria Theresa, was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1755\u2013an age of great instability for European monarchies. In 1766, as a way to cement the relatively new alliance between the French and Habsburg thrones, Maria Theresa promised her young daughter\u2019s hand in marriage to the future king Louis XVI of France. Four years later, Marie Antoinette and the dauphin were married by proxy in Vienna. (They were 15 and 16 years old, and they had never met.) On May 16, 1770, a lavish second wedding ceremony took place in the royal chapel at Versailles. More than 5,000 guests watched as the two teenagers were married. It was the beginning of Marie Antoinette\u2019s life in the public eye. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] There is no evidence that Marie Antoinette ever said that starving peasants should \u201ceat cake\u201d if they had no bread. In fact, the story of a fatuous noblewoman who said \u201cLet them eat cake!\u201d appears in the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau\u2019s Confessions, which was written around 1766 (when Marie Antoinette was just 11 years old). [PAR] Marie Antoinette: Life at Versailles [PAR] Life as a public figure was not easy for Marie Antoinette. Her marriage was difficult and, as she had very few official duties, she spent most of her time socializing and indulging her extravagant tastes. (For example, she had a model farm built on the palace grounds so that she and her ladies-in-waiting could dress in elaborate costumes and pretend to be milkmaids and shepherdesses.) Widely circulated newspapers and inexpensive pamphlets poked fun at the queen\u2019s profligate behavior and spread outlandish, even pornographic rumors about her. Before long, it had become fashionable to blame Marie Antoinette for all of France\u2019s problems. [PAR] Marie Antoinette: The French Revolution [PAR] In fact, the nation\u2019s difficulties were not the young queen\u2019s fault. Eighteenth-century colonial wars\u2013particularly the American Revolution , in which the French had intervened on behalf of the colonists\u2013had created a tremendous debt for the French state. The people who owned most of the property in France, such as the Catholic Church (the \u201cFirst Estate\u201d) and the nobility (the \u201cSecond Estate\u201d), generally did not have to pay taxes on their wealth; ordinary people, on the other hand, felt squeezed by high taxes and resentful of the royal family\u2019s conspicuous spending. [PAR] Louis XVI and his advisers tried to impose a more representative system of taxation, but the nobility resisted. (The popular press blamed Marie Antoinette for this\u2013she was known as \u201cMadame Veto,\u201d among other things\u2013though she was far from the only wealthy person in France to defend the privileges of the aristocracy.) In 1789, representatives from all three estates (the clergy, the nobility and the common people) met at Versailles to come up with a plan for the reform of the French state, but noblemen and clergymen were still reluctant to give up their prerogatives. The \u201cThird Estate\u201d delegates, inspired by Enlightenment ideas about personal liberty and civic equality, formed a \u201cNational Assembly\u201d that placed government in the hands of French citizens for the first time. [PAR] At the same time, conditions worsened for ordinary French people, and many became convinced that the monarchy and the nobility were conspiring against them. Marie Antoinette continued to be a convenient target for their rage. Cartoonists and pamphleteers depicted her as an \u201cAustrian whore\u201d doing everything she could to undermine the French nation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reyataz: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com Reyataz: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com [PAR] Vaccines aren\u2019t just for kids. Is your teen protected ? [PAR] Reyataz [PAR] Treating HIV infection along with other medicines. [PAR] Reyataz is an HIV protease inhibitor. It works by blocking the growth of HIV. [PAR] Do NOT use Reyataz if: [PAR] you are allergic to any ingredient in Reyataz [PAR] you have severe liver problems [PAR] you are taking alfuzosin, cisapride, an ergot derivative (eg, ergotamine), indinavir, irinotecan, lovastatin, nevirapine, oral midazolam, pimozide, rifampin, salmeterol, simvastatin, St. John's wort, or triazolam [PAR] you are taking sildenafil for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [PAR] Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you. [PAR] Slideshow [PAR] HIV & AIDS Update: New Treatments, Easier Options [PAR] Before using Reyataz: [PAR] Some medical conditions may interact with Reyataz. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you: [PAR] if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding [PAR] if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement [PAR] if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances [PAR] if you have hemophilia, diabetes or high blood sugar, high cholesterol, an irregular heartbeat, gallbladder problems (eg, gallstones), or liver problems (eg, hepatitis B or C) [PAR] if you have kidney problems or kidney stones or you are on dialysis [PAR] Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Reyataz. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following: [PAR] Many prescription and nonprescription medicines (eg, used for aches and pains, allergies, angina, asthma or other lung or breathing problems, birth control, blood thinning, blood vessel problems, cancer, Cushing syndrome, cystic fibrosis, depression or other mental or mood problems, diabetes, enlarged prostate gland, erectile dysfunction, gout, heartburn or reflux disease, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, HIV, immune system suppression, infections, inflammation, irregular heartbeat or other heart problems, low blood sodium levels, migraine, nausea and vomiting, opioid addiction, overactive bladder, pulmonary hypertension, seizures, sleep aid, Tourette disorder), multivitamin products, and herbal or dietary supplements (eg, St. John's wort) because they may interact with Reyataz. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure if any of your medicines might interact with Reyataz [PAR] This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Reyataz may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine. [PAR] How to use Reyataz: [PAR] Use Reyataz as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions. [PAR] An extra patient leaflet is available with Reyataz. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information. [PAR] Take Reyataz by mouth with food. [PAR] Swallow Reyataz whole. Do not break, crush, open, or chew before swallowing. [PAR] If you also take an H2 antagonist (eg, cimetidine) or a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (eg, omeprazole), talk with your doctor about how to take it with Reyataz. [PAR] If you also take an antacid or didanosine, take Reyataz at least 2 hours before or 1 hour after the antacid or didanosine. [PAR] Take Reyataz on a regular schedule to get the most benefit from it. [PAR] Taking Reyataz at the same time each day will help you remember to take it. [PAR] Continue to use Reyataz even if you feel well. Do not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sid Vicious - Singer, Bassist - Biography.com Sid Vicious - Singer, Bassist - Biography.com [PAR] Sid Vicious [PAR] Punk rocker Sid Vicious became famous as bassist for the Sex Pistols before his entanglement with drugs and Nancy Spungen ended his career and life. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous People Who Died in United States [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Sid Vicious was born John Simon Ritchie on May 10, 1957, in London. As a high school dropout, his \"punk\" look captured the eye of Malcom McLaren, creator of the Sex Pistols. After the band broke up in 1978, Vicious holed up in New York's Chelsea Hotel with his girlfriend Nancy Spungen. Their relationship was full of ups and downs, leading to the eventual mysterious murder of Spunger. Not long after, on February 2, 1979, Vicious was found dead in New York City. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Musician and singer Sid Vicious was born John Simon Ritchie on May 10, 1957, in London, England. One of the most mythic figures of the 1970s punk explosion, Sid Vicious became famous for his edgy, rebellious persona and his self-destructive tendencies. As a teenager, he floundered, dropping out of school. Hanging around London, he was one of the many disaffected youth to embrace the punk spirit of anarchy and rebellion. [PAR] With his spiky hair, disheveled appearance, and bad attitude, Vicious was considered the ideal person to join the leading punk group, the Sex Pistols. He was brought in by the band's manager, Malcolm McLaren, to replace original bassist Glen Matlock in 1977, even though he didn't even know how to play the instrument. [PAR] Sex Pistols [PAR] McLaren had created the Sex Pistols in 1975. One of the leading forces in punk music, the band played fast-paced short songs, expressing angst and frustration about the social and political conditions of the time. Unlike music acts from previous generations, the group had no interest in producing hit records or pleasing anyone other than themselves. Even before Vicious joined, the Sex Pistols were known for causing quite a stir. During a live television interview in 1976, they spewed so many profanities that they were soon dropped by their record company. [PAR] Vicious was on board, however, for some of the group's biggest sensations. On the single \"God Save the Queen,\" singer John Rotten (the stage name of John Lyndon) insulted Queen Elizabeth II, saying that she \"ain't no human being\" and had a \"fascist regime.\" This upset many Britons, especially since 1977 was Queen's Jubilee, the celebration of her 25 years as the reigning monarch. As a result, the band was physically attacked several times and unable to find places to play in the United Kingdom. [PAR] Still The Sex Pistols managed to sell a lot of records, especially considering the single was banned and many retailers refused to sell the resulting album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols. There was no denying that they struck a chord with punk music fans. [PAR] Sid and Nancy [PAR] That same year, Vicious met an American woman named Nancy Spungen. The two became inseparable. She accompanied him on the Sex Pistols' brief tour of the United States in early 1978. The group only played eight concerts together before the band fell apart. The dissolution of the Sex Pistols was fed, in part, by escalating drug use and personal conflicts, including tension between Spungen and Vicious's bandmates. It has been reported that Rotten encouraged Vicious to break off his relationship to Spungen. [PAR] After the break-up of the Sex Pistols, Vicious and Spungen spent time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Akon Profile - Biography, Trivia and Hits Akon Biography: Akon's Age, Career Info & More [PAR] By Mark Edward Nero [PAR] Updated November 11, 2015. [PAR] Akon was born Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam on April 16, 1973 in St. Louis, Mo. For whatever reason, Akon keeps his birthdate closely guarded, but legal documents list it as the aforementioned date. Although he was born in the States, his family moved to Senegal where he spent most of his childhood. His mother was a dancer; his father, Mor Thiam, a jazz percussionist. He caught the music bug early on and learned how to play the drums, guitar and djembe. [PAR] His family moved back to the United States when he was seven, settling in Union City, N.J., where he discovered hip-hop. When Akon and his brother were in high school their parents relocated to Atlanta and left the brothers behind the finish school. Akon soon found himself taking advantage of his freedom by getting in trouble with both classmates and the legal system. He spent three years in prison for grand theft auto and during that time began working on music. Akon credits a love for music and an admiration of his father, for allowing him to turn his life around. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Best Vacation Reads of 2015 [PAR] Big Break: [PAR] After Akon was released from prison he began writing and recording tracks in a home studio. He formed a friendship and mentorship with music mogul Devyne Stephens, who helmed the careers of Usher and Alicia Keys. Akon recorded more songs with Stephens and his tapes eventually made their way to SRC Records, an imprint of Universal. [PAR] His debut album, Trouble, was released in 2004. Its singles, \"Locked Up,\" \"Lonely,\" \"Bananza (Belly Dancer),\" \"Ghetto\" and \"Pot of Gold,\" were all huge hits, and combined West African-style vocals with East Coast and Southern beats. [PAR] Career Overview: [PAR] Akon started his own label, Kon Live Distribution, under I nterscope Records . His sophomore effort, Konvicted, was released in 2006 and debuted at No. 2. After just six weeks, it was certified platinum, and has since gone triple platinum. [PAR] \"Smack That,\" which features Eminem , peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five straight weeks. The song even earned him a Grammy nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. \"I Wanna Love You,\" featuring Snoop Dogg , was the album's second single. It became Akon's first No. 1 Hot 100 single. \"Don't Matter\" followed suit. It was his first solo No. 1 hit. [PAR] In 2008 he released his third studio album, Freedom. It marked a turning point in Akon's sound, and has a heavy EDM, Euro-pop influence. It was a risky effort, but it paid off: Freedom cracked the Billboard 200 Top Ten, and its most successful single, \"Right Now (Na Na Na),\" reached the Top Ten in the Hot 100. [PAR] Akon's own production has slowed since, but he's become quite the collaborator. He cowrote the Lady Gaga hit \"Just Dance,\" which earned a Grammy nomination for Best Dance Recording, and following the death of close friend Michael Jackson , he released their duet \"Hold My Hand.\" He also collaborated with house music icon David Guetta in the song \"Sexy Bitch.\" His collaborations span genres, from Matisyahu to Leona Lewis . [PAR] He's been working on his fourth studio album since 2010 and has released five singles so far. It is slated for a 2015 release. [PAR] Other Ventures: [PAR] Akon has several projects and charities in Africa, given his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daphne (Greek mythology) - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus Daphne (Greek mythology) - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus [PAR] New World Dictionary: [PAR] Daphne [PAR] a feminine name | [Greek mythology] a nymph who is changed by her father into a laurel tree so that she may escape Apollo's advances | any of a genus ... [PAR] (28 of 51 words, 3 definitions, pronunciation, 1 image ) [PAR] Collins Dictionary: [PAR] daphne | Daphne [PAR] any shrub of the Eurasian thymelaeaceous genus \"Daphne\", such as the ... | [Greek mythology] a nymph who was saved from the amorous attentions of ... [PAR] (24 of 396 words, 2 definitions, 5 usage examples, pronunciations) [PAR] Columbia Encyclopedia: [PAR] Daphne [PAR] in Greek mythology, a nymph. She was loved by Apollo and by Leucippus, a mortal who disguised himself as a nymph to be near her. When Leucippus ... [PAR] (27 of 58 words, pronunciation) [PAR] Random House Dictionary: [PAR] Daphne [PAR] [classical mythology] a nymph who, when pursued by Apollo, was saved by being changed into a laurel tree. | \"daphne\": [botany] any Eurasian shrub ... [PAR] (23 of 51 words, 3 definitions, pronunciation)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pollen Grain: Definition, Structure & Function - Video ... Pollen Grain: Definition, Structure & Function - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] Pollen Grain: Definition, Structure & Function [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: Flowering Plants: Reproduction & Fertilization [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:35 What Are Pollen Grains? [PAR] 0:57 Structure of Pollen Grains [PAR] 2:53 Pollination in Angiosperms [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. [PAR] Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. [PAR] Personalize: [PAR] Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. [PAR] Organize: [PAR] Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. [PAR] Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. [PAR] Teacher Edition: [PAR] Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the \"Teacher\" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your \"Teacher\" tab. [PAR] Premium Edition: [PAR] You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. [PAR] Create an account to start this course today [PAR] Try it free for 5 days! [PAR] Instructor: Wendy McDougal [PAR] Wendy has taught high school Biology and has a master's degree in education. [PAR] A pollen grain is a microscopic body that contains the male reproductive cell of a plant. It is crucial in a plant's fertilization process. Learn more about this tiny structure and take a short quiz at the end. [PAR] What are Pollen Grains? [PAR] Spring is a time of new growth and fresh beginnings. Days get longer, the sun gets warmer, and flowers bloom in a magnificent show of color. And as a result of these lovely blossoms everywhere, many of us find ourselves in sneezing fits. In order for flowers to propagate every year, they must be pollinated. And pollination sends millions of tiny pollen grains through the air, many of which end up in our nose. [PAR] But pollen does not exist simply to make us miserable. Pollen grains represent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord of War (2005) - IMDb Lord of War (2005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 31 December 2016 1:22 AM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An arms dealer confronts the morality of his work as he is being chased by an Interpol agent. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 05 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 26 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 13 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 26 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2016 [PAR] Title: Lord of War (2005) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] In order to foil an extortion plot, an FBI agent undergoes a face-transplant surgery and assumes the identity and physical appearance of a ruthless terrorist, but the plan turns from bad to worse when the same criminal impersonates the cop. [PAR] Director: John Woo [PAR] A retired master car thief must come back to the industry and steal 50 cars with his crew in one night to save his brother's life. [PAR] Director: Dominic Sena [PAR] Newly paroled ex-con and former U.S. Ranger Cameron Poe finds himself trapped in a prisoner transport plane when the passengers seize control. [PAR] Director: Simon West [PAR] A Las Vegas magician who can see into the future is pursued by FBI agents seeking to use his abilities to prevent a nuclear terrorist attack. [PAR] Director: Lee Tamahori [PAR] A mild-mannered chemist and an ex-con must lead the counterstrike when a rogue group of military men, led by a renegade general, threaten a nerve gas attack from Alcatraz against San Francisco. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] M.I.T. professor John Koestler links a mysterious list of numbers from a time capsule to past and future disasters and sets out to prevent the ultimate catastrophe. [PAR] Director: Alex Proyas [PAR] Two hip detectives protect a murder witness while investigating a case of stolen heroin. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] A phobic con artist and his prot\u00e9g\u00e9 are on the verge of pulling off a lucrative swindle when the former's teenage daughter arrives unexpectedly. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] A lawyer becomes a target by a corrupt politician and his NSA goons when he accidentally receives key evidence to a serious politically motivated crime. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] A young police officer must prevent a bomb exploding aboard a city bus by keeping its speed above 50 mph. [PAR] Director: Jan de Bont [PAR] A Chicago weather man, separated from his wife and children, debates whether professional and personal success are mutually exclusive. [PAR] Director: Gore Verbinski [PAR] On his first day on the job as a Los Angeles narcotics officer, a rookie cop goes on a 24-hour training course with a rogue detective who isn't what he appears. [PAR] Director: Antoine Fuqua [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] This film charts the rise and fall of Yuri Orlov, from his early days in the early 1980s in Little Odessa, selling guns to mobsters"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the NASDAQ and American Stock Exchanges ... History of the NASDAQ and American Stock Exchanges (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress) [PAR] September 2006; [PAR] Updated October 2012 [PAR] The American Stock Exchange (AMEX) got its start in the 1800's and was known as the \"Curb Exchange\" until 1921 because it met as a market at the curbstone on Broad Street near Exchange Place. Its founding date is generally considered as 1921 because this is the year when it moved into new quarters on Trinity. However, it wasn't until 1953 that it officially became the American Stock Exchange. [PAR] In November 1998, the National Association of Security Dealers [PAR] announced that the American Stock Exchange would merge with the National Association of Securities Dealers creating \"The Nasdaq-Amex Market Group.\" However, the American Stock Exchange remained as an active exchange. [PAR] Above: [PAR] by NYSE Euronext. NYSE Euronext [PAR] integrated amex.com content and data into the nyse.com website, phasing out amex.com, effective January 16, 2009. The new name is NYSE Amex [PAR] . [PAR] Founded by the National Association of Securities Dealers, the NASDAQ [PAR] began trading on February 8, 1971, as the world's first electronic stock market, trading for over 2,500 securities. In 2000, NASDAQ membership voted to restructure and spin off [PAR] NASDAQ into a shareholder-owned, for-profit company. In 2007, the NASD merged with the New York Stock Exchange's regulation committee to form the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ( FINRA). In May 2007, NASDAQ announced [PAR] a transaction to create global exchange and technology company with Swedish exchange operator, OMX. Later that year, on November 7, 2007, NASDAQ OMX announced that it had signed an agreement [PAR] to acquire the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in America, founded in 1790. Today NASDAQ is the largest electronic stock market with over 3,000 companies listed. [PAR] Internet Resources"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] franklin - society Glass Armonica Invented in 1761 One of ... franklin - society Glass Armonica \u2022 Invented in 1761 \u2022 One of the most [PAR] franklin [PAR] franklin - society Glass Armonica \u2022 Invented in 1761 \u2022... [PAR] SCHOOL [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Benjamin Franklin \u2022 Born in Boston, Mass. On January 17,1706 \u2022 Grew up in this house on Milk St. Background \u2022 At age 12 he was an apprentice to his father who was a candle maker \u2022 At age 14 he was an apprentice to his brother who was a printer \u2022 At 17 he moved to Philadelphia \u2022 Married Deborah Reed on Oct. 1, 1730 Major inventions \u2022 Lightning Rod \u2022 Bifocals \u2022 Odometer \u2022 Glass Armonica \u2022 Franklin Stove \u2022 Catheter Lightning Rod \u2022 One of Franklin\u2019s major works in electricity \u2022 Vital to society and science \u2022 Used to protect buildings and homes against the awesome power of lightning \u2022 Composed of an iron rod mounted on top of a edifice \u2022 Attracts lightning currents and channels it to the ground Bifocals \u2022 Perfect example of one of Ben\u2019s famous quotes \u201cNecessity is the mother of invention\u201d \u2022 Allows user to use one set of glasses for myopic and hyperopic vision handicaps Odometer \u2022 Designed to measure distance by using gears \u2022 Very important and useful in today\u2019s [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] Unformatted text preview: society Glass Armonica \u2022 Invented in 1761 \u2022 One of the most celebrated musical instruments of the 18th century \u2022 Sound is produced by vibrations from the glasses in the armonica Franklin Stove \u2022 An iron stove used to produce heat in homes then were ten poorly insulated \u2022 Very important because it replaced the use of fires in homes that were made of all wood Catheter \u2022 Invented in December of 1752 \u2022 Thin flexible tube \u2022 It is inserted into bodily passage or cavity in order to allow fluids to pass into or out of \u2022 mechanism was constructed for his brother john, who was extremely ill Interesting facts \u2022 At age 16 Ben experimented vegetarianism to save money to buy more books \u2022 At age 70 Ben was the oldest delegate to sign the Declaration of Independence \u2022 In 1778 Ben was so impressed by a bust of himself that was sculpted by Jean Antoine Houdon he invited Houdon to the states to sculpt a similar one of George Washington... [PAR] University of South Florida - Tampa [PAR] EGN 3000 - Spring 2009 [PAR] Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Here, a simple tube and two lenses had made a rod for bea [PAR] galileo[DOC] [TLE] Mayling Garcia - Glass Armonica Performer Mayling Garcia - Glass Armonica Performer [PAR] This article ran in many newspapers nationwide during the last weeks of February 2001. (AP Photos by Roberto E. Rosales.) [PAR] (Click images for a larger view) [PAR] Armonica use may have led to Beethoven's death [PAR] By: RICHARD BENKE [PAR] ASSOCIATED PRESS [PAR] CORRALES, N.M. -- A glass instrument that produces the hypnotic music of wet crystal is sounding a clarion call for debate over the lead poisoning of Beethoven. [PAR] The glass armonica, invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1761, was demonstrated to Ludwig van Beethoven and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart when Franklin visited France during the American Revolution. Both composers then wrote music for the instrument, which created an international sensation--and superstition. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Theo Paphitis, British businesspeople ... Learn and talk about Theo Paphitis, British eurosceptics, Businesspeople from London, Cypriot emigrants to England, English people of Greek Cypriot descent [PAR] .com [PAR] Theodoros 'Theo' Paphitis ( Greek : \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) (born 24 September 1959) is a Cypriot-born British retail magnate and entrepreneur of Greek Cypriot origin. He is best known to the general public for his appearances on the BBC business programme Dragons' Den and as former chairman of Millwall Football Club . [PAR] Paphitis has made the majority of his fortune in the retail sector. In 2006, he sold his equity stake in the lingerie brand La Senza for a reported \u00a3100 million. He is the owner of stationery chain Ryman , the homewares specialist Robert Dyas and lingerie retailer Boux Avenue . [PAR] The 2015 Sunday Times Rich List estimated his wealth at \u00a3280 million. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Early life[ edit ] [PAR] Born in Limassol , Cyprus, [2] Paphitis is the second of three brothers; elder brother Marinos and younger brother George. They share two half-brothers. He came to England with his parents and Marinos when he was nine years old. He attended Ambler Primary School, Islington and Woodberry Down Comprehensive School , Manor House (closed in 1981) where he battled with dyslexia , but began his entrepreneurial activities by running the school tuckshop, at the age of 15. [PAR] Business career[ edit ] [PAR] Paphitis took a job as a tea boy and filing clerk at a City of London insurance broker . Wanting more money, he discovered his passion for retailing and sales when at 18 he worked as a sales assistant for Watches of Switzerland in Bond Street . [3] [PAR] Aged 21, he joined Legal & General selling commercial mortgages, which taught him to read other businesses' balance sheets . [PAR] Aged 23, he set up a property finance company with close friend and business associate Mark Moran, and kept going when the friend left in partnership with Hanover Druce, making his first money on the rise of the 1980s commercial property markets. [3] Spotting the rise in mobile telephones , he bought into NAG Telecom, becoming chairman alongside fellow director Tony Kleanthous (now chairman of Barnet FC ). Paphitis gained a large market share for NAG by negotiating concessionary positions in Ryman stationery stores. [4] [PAR] When Ryman went bankrupt, Paphitis approached the administrators and bought the company. He turned it around by improving relations with suppliers, and enthusing the management team, [3] cementing his reputation for turning failing companies into highly successful and profitable businesses. His ventures now include Ryman , Robert Dyas and Boux Avenue . He co-owns Red Letter Days with fellow Dragons' Den businessman Peter Jones . In 2006, he sold his equity stake in the UK and EU segment of the global lingerie brand, La Senza , for a reported \u00a3100m. [5] [PAR] In 2008, Paphitis was one of several interested parties in bidding for failed retail chain Woolworths . [6] However he later pulled out because of unrealistic numbers quoted by the administrators. [7] [PAR] In March 2011, Paphitis set up a new lingerie chain, Boux Avenue [8] which by the end of 2013 had grown to 21 stores in the UK with a further four internationally. [PAR] In July 2012, he bought the hardware retailer Robert Dyas . Paphitis said: \"It is a business which fits well with my investment criteria.\" [9] [PAR] Football[ edit ] [PAR] As chairman from 1997, Paphitis took Millwall out of administration and on to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rugby Union - Fact-index.com Rugby Union [PAR] Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index [PAR] Rugby Union [PAR] Supposedly invented during a football game by William Webb Ellis at Rugby School , the game of Rugby Union is a team sport contested with an ovoid ball by two teams of 15 players, the object being to outscore the opposing team. The ball is carried in the hand and may be passed backwards or laterally across the pitch or kicked in any direction. The opposing players attempt to halt the ball-carrier by tackling him or her with their arms and bodies. On being tackled, the ball carrier must release the ball, at which time a contest for posession of the ball commences (either a ruck or a maul). [PAR] The sport is governed by the International Rugby Board , founded in 1886 , who also publish the game's laws . [PAR] Table of contents [PAR] 6 See also [PAR] History [PAR] Rugby originated in England and is played throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland . As a result of the British Empire , it has also become popular in many former colonies such as Australia , South Africa and New Zealand , where it helped to build a sense of community amongst colonial men. [PAR] In fact, in these isolated and rugged outposts, the popularity of the sport developed to a much greater extent than on continental Europe ; where it was largely viewed as a violent and uncultured game. These European countries have therefore always tended to prefer football. However it is often said that \"Football is a gentlemen's game played and enjoyed by louts, rugby is a game for louts played and enjoyed by gentlemen\". [PAR] Nowadays, rugby is played in most European mainland countries, most notably in France and Italy who now both compete in the Six Nations Rugby Tournament. It is also popular in the Pacific Islands of Tonga , Samoa and Fiji , as well as Japan , and is gaining ground in South America , with Argentina regularly defeating European teams, and Uruguay having won a game at the two most recent World Cups. There are 94 members (October 2003) of the International Rugby Board . The rugby playing world is often divided between the Northern hemisphere and the Southern hemisphere teams, and the latter have often dominated international tournaments. [PAR] After decades of domination by New Zealand , South Africa , and most recently Australia , England is as of 2003 regarded as the best team in world rugby with a dominant 2002 and 2003 culminating in a nailbiting extra-time win against Australia in the final of the 2003 Rugby Union World Cup . New Zealand and France were the other semi-finalists and the only other teams close to the strength of the English. [PAR] Six Nations Rugby Tournament [PAR] The first steps towards the modern day Six Nations tournament took place in 1871 when England played Scotland. In the 1880s , both Wales and Ireland joined and the Home International Championships was born. France joined the tournament in the 1900s and in 1910 the term Five Nations was first coined. However, France had such a dismal run of games that in 1931 they were excluded by the Home Nations (England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland). France then rejoined in 1939 - 1940 , though the Second World War halted proceedings for a further eight years. Very recently ( 2000 ), Italy also joined the tournament, leading to the modern day Six Nations competition that is run annually. If a team"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RoboCop (1987) - IMDb RoboCop (1987) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In a dystopic and crime-ridden Detroit, a terminally wounded cop returns to the force as a powerful cyborg haunted by submerged memories. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 27 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 21 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 07 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" RoboCop \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 11 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Cyborg law enforcer RoboCop returns to protect the citizens of old Detroit but faces a deadly challenge when a rogue OCP member secretly creates a new, evil RoboCop 2. [PAR] Director: Irvin Kershner [PAR] When a man goes for virtual vacation memories of the planet Mars, an unexpected and harrowing series of events forces him to go to the planet for real - or does he? [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] A team of commandos on a mission in a Central American jungle find themselves hunted by an extraterrestrial warrior. [PAR] Director: John McTiernan [PAR] Humans in a fascistic, militaristic future do battle with giant alien bugs in a fight for survival. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] Amidst a territorial gang war in 1997, a sophisticated alien hunter stalks the citizens of Los Angeles and the only man between him and his prey is veteran L.A.P.D. officer, Lieutenant Mike Harrigan. [PAR] Director: Stephen Hopkins [PAR] A fearless, globe-trotting, terrorist-battling secret agent has his life turned upside down when he discovers his wife might be having an affair with a used car salesman. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] A wrongly convicted man must try to survive a public execution gauntlet staged as a game show. [PAR] Director: Paul Michael Glaser [PAR] A retired elite Black Ops Commando launches a one man war against a group of South American criminals who have kidnapped his daughter . [PAR] Director: Mark L. Lester [PAR] Robocop saves the day once more. This time the half man/half robot takes on ruthless developers who want to evict some people on \"their\" land. [PAR] Director: Fred Dekker [PAR] In 2028 Detroit, when Alex Murphy - a loving husband, father and good cop - is critically injured in the line of duty, the multinational conglomerate OmniCorp sees their chance for a part-man, part-robot police officer. [PAR] Director: Jos\u00e9 Padilha [PAR] A group of elite warriors parachute into an unfamiliar jungle and are hunted by members of a merciless alien race. [PAR] Director: Nimr\u00f3d Antal [PAR] In the colorful future, a cab driver unwittingly becomes the central figure in the search for a legendary cosmic weapon to keep Evil and Mr Zorg at bay. [PAR] Director: Luc Besson [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Detroit - in the future - is crime-ridden and run by a massive company. The company has developed a huge crime-fighting robot, which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In Arid South African Lands, Fracking Controversy Emerges ... In Arid South African Lands, Fracking Controversy Emerges by Todd Pitock: Yale Environment 360 [PAR] In Arid South African Lands, [PAR] Fracking Controversy Emerges [PAR] The contentious practice of hydrofracking to extract underground natural gas has now made its way to South Africa\u2019s Karoo, a semi-desert known for its stark beauty and indigenous plants. But opposition is growing amid concern that fracking will deplete and pollute the area\u2019s scarce water supplies. [PAR] by todd pitock [PAR] On a cool day in May, Jonathan Deal, the 52-year-old owner of an ecotourism farm called Gecko Rock, strikes up a steep kopje at a pace most people maintain going downhill. As he leads a few visitors on an all-day hike across his 10,000-acre property in the South African bush, he steps onto boulders covered in red lichen and points out \u2014 in Latin, Afrikaans, and English \u2014 the species of the indigenous flora called fynbos, whose flowers and shoots color this vast semi-desert of the Karoo. [PAR] Deal is obviously in his element. But it\u2019s also apparent that he is more full of zeal than joy, his mood betrayed by his preoccupied gaze. [PAR] \u201cLook at this,\u201d he says, fingering a hundred-year-old creeping aloe thriving on the hillside. \u201cOnce this is gone, it cannot be replaced. They say they\u2019ll leave it all better than they found it. How is that possible? I tell you, it is not possible.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThey\u201d are a group of global energy companies \u2014 including Royal Dutch Shell, South Africa\u2019s SASOL, and others \u2014 that have leased rights to an immense shale field that runs across the country\u2019s midsection. The companies have promised billions in revenue, much-needed jobs, and energy security for all. [PAR] But the issue here \u2014 as in similar natural gas-rich shale fields in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere \u2014 is largely over how the gas is harvested, namely a process known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, which uses a [PAR] South Africa has placed a moratorium on future fracking permits until the environmental impacts can be evaluated. [PAR] combination of water, sand, and chemicals to crack the subterranean rock where gas (and oil) are trapped. And as intensifying publicity about the environmental risks of fracking has spread from the United States to South Africa, opposition to hydrofracturing in the Karoo has grown, prompting the South African government to place a moratorium on all future fracking permits until the practice\u2019s environmental impacts can be evaluated. [PAR] The controversy has put the government in a tough spot. Seventeen years after the end of apartheid, the African National Congress-led government is under pressure to deliver jobs, services, and greater prosperity to the country\u2019s largely impoverished and increasingly impatient population. The sparsely populated, semi-desert Karoo has a mixed-ethnic population of 300,000, including native Khoisan people, other black Africans, and white farmers. Many of the region\u2019s residents live in squalid settlements that are a remnant of the apartheid era, and the government clearly hoped that a hydrofracturing boom would bring jobs and greater prosperity to the region. [PAR] Opposition to fracking in the Karoo has been centered not in the black settlements, but more among the white farmers and landowners who fear that the industry will pollute and deplete already scarce water supplies in this rain-starved region. Each fracking drilling well requires millions of liters of water and produces large quantities of tainted wastewater that must be treated. [PAR] Photo courtesy of Todd Pitock [PAR] The semi-desert Karoo is known for its variety of endemic flora and fauna,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pollex | Define Pollex at Dictionary.com Pollex | Define Pollex at Dictionary.com [PAR] pollex [PAR] [pol-uh-seez] /\u02c8p\u0252l \u0259\u02ccsiz/ (Show IPA) [PAR] 1. [PAR] the innermost digit of the forelimb; thumb. [PAR] Origin of pollex [PAR] Examples from the Web for pollex [PAR] Expand [PAR] Aurelian William Ware [PAR] The pollex takes no share in the wing, but projects, strongly armed with a claw, from the upper margin. [PAR] The Vertebrate Skeleton Sidney H. Reynolds [PAR] The metatarsus is bald, and the pollex and hallux are very well developed. [PAR] The Vertebrate Skeleton Sidney H. Reynolds [PAR] In Orycteropus the pollex is absent, while the other digits are terminated by pointed ungual phalanges. [PAR] The Vertebrate Skeleton Sidney H. Reynolds [PAR] The eyes and the ears are large; the pollex is rudimentary, and bears a nail instead of a claw."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Germany \u2013 nationalanthems.info Germany \u2013 nationalanthems.info [PAR] Germany [PAR] [PAR] The text of the anthem has been written in 1841 by the liberal poet and professor August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, using the melody of the Austrian imperial anthem \u201cGott erhalte Franz den Kaiser\u201d (God save Franz our Emperor) , which has been composed by the famous classical composer Joseph Haydn in 1797 and which appears in his \u201cEmperor Quartet\u201d. Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote his text on the small island of Helgoland off the Northwest German coast, which at that time was under British rule. He had been deported from the Kingdom of Hannover because of his liberal ideas, which included the demand to establish Germany as a unified nation. Consequently, the first verse of the \u201cLied der Deutschen\u201d, beginning with the words \u201cDeutschland, Deutschland \u00fcber alles\u201d (Germany, Germany above all) was originally meant as an appeal that the idea of a unified Germany should be more important than the many particular principalities which existed at that time. [PAR] However, when Germany became a united country in 1871, the \u201cLied der Deutschen\u201d was ignored officially despite it still being a popular anthem; rather the the former Prussian royal anthem \u201cHeil Dir im Siegerkranz\u201d was used unofficially. Although Germany had been proclaimed a Republic on 9th November 1918 upon its defeat in World War I, it needed nearly four years until the \u201cDeutschlandlied\u201d was declared the new national anthem by the social democratic President Friedrich Ebert on August 11th, 1922, although it was used on state occasions in the intervening years. At that time, all three verses were used and was commonly (but unofficially) known by the opening line of the first verse, \u201cDeutschland \u00dcber Alles\u201d (Germany Above All). [PAR] The anthem was even retained when the Nazis seized power in 1933, however the first verse of Hoffmann von Fallersleben\u2019s lyrics was misused as a slogan that Germany should rule \u201cabove all\u201d other countries, and the anthem was added with the party song of the Nazi party, the Horst Wessel Lied and known collectively as \u201cLieder der Nation\u201d (Song of the Nation). In 1945, the use of all national symbols of Nazi Germany, including the \u201cDeutschlandlied\u201d was prohibited by the Allies. [PAR] In 1945, Germany was governed by the Allied powers and thus had no official anthem. And when West and East Germany were founded in 1949, initially neither state wished to use the \u201cDeutschlandlied\u201d because of its association with the Nazi government and its misuse of the sentiment in the lyrics. [PAR] After Germany had become reunified on 3rd October 1990, Federal President Richard von Weizsaecker confirmed in a letter to Chancellor Helmut Kohl, dated 19th August 1991, that the third verse of Hoffmann von Fallersleben\u2019s \u201cLied der Deutschen\u201d with Joseph Haydn\u2019s melody are the official national anthem of the reunified Germany. (Between the time of reunification in 1990 and the official adoption of the third verse of the \u201cDeutschlandlied\u201d, the West German anthem was in use, which is essentially identical to the current anthem.) Contrary to popular belief, no stanza is currently forbidden to be sung, however only the third stanza is the official national anthem, sung on official state occasions; other stanzas may be performed for other uses. (Performance of the first verse, though, is often seen as an extremist, right-wing act.) [PAR] The regions of Germany also have their own local anthems, some have been used for centuries, some are new inventions after the war. [PAR] Special thanks to: Jan Scotland and Reinhard Popp for some of this information and to Klaus Caussmacher for information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muharram : Islamic New Year - CalendarLabs Muharram : Islamic New Year [PAR] Quick Facts : Muharram / Islamic New year [PAR] Date: Oct 01, 2017 [PAR] Also Called: Islamic New year [PAR] Celebrations: Fasting [PAR] Muharram refers to the first month of the Islamic Calendar. The complete month of Muharram is sacred according to the Muslims. However, it is the tenth day which is of most significance. Different factions of the Muslim community observe this day for different reasons. While the Shia Muslims celebrate this day to mourn the death of Husayn Ibn Ali, the Sunni Muslims observe this day to celebrate the victory of Moses over Egyptian Pharaoh. [PAR] According to the legend popular among Shia Muslims, Husayn Ibn Ali was beheaded during the Battle of Karbala on the tenth day of Muharram. Husayn Ibn Ali is an important figure in Muslim religion and is believed to be a member of the Muhammad's household. During the reign of Yazid, it is believed that Husayn refused to accept the Islamic rules laid down by Yazid. Instead, Husayn decided to revolt against the ruler which led to the uprising in Karbalan. During the battle of Karbalan, Husayn was beheaded while his family was imprisoned in Damascus. However, according to Sunni Muslims, it was on this day that Moses gained victory over Egyptian Pharaohs. Moses was a religious leader and was meant to propagate religious teachings around the world. It was on the tenth day of Muharram that Moses gained victory over the Pharaohs of Egypt, the most famous one being the Pharaoh of oppression. [PAR] As is evident, different factions of the Muslim community observe this day differently. While for Sunni Muslims, it is a day of celebration, for Shia Muslims, it is a day of mourning. However, both the factions have almost identical traditions. Both the factions observe fast on this day, with the Sunni Muslims observing fast for an extra day, either before or after this day. It is believed that this extra fasting day is observed in accordance with the teachings of Muhammad Prophet. In certain cases, the Shia Muslims fast for the whole month and also flagellate themselves with sticks and rods on this day. They harm themselves to commemorate the sufferings of Husayn Ibn Ali while fighting against the oppressive regime of Yazid. Other than that, there are no major celebrations on this day. [PAR] Muharram / Islamic New year Observances [PAR] DAY[DOC] [TLE] Muharram in the United States - timeanddate.com Muharram in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Muharram [PAR] Muharram in the United States [PAR] Many Muslims in countries such as the United States observe the start of the Islamic New Year on the first day of Muharram, which is the first month in the Islamic calendar. [PAR] Many Muslims spend time in prayer during Muharram. [PAR] Many Muslims spend time in prayer during Muharram. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Rachel Donahue [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Some Islamic organizations in the United States post announcements reminding people of the first day of Muharram prior to the event. Muharram is one of the four sanctified months in the Islamic calendar. Some Muslim Americans choose to fast during this month, although fasting is not obligatory. Many Muslims engage in voluntary prayer, including evening prayer, during Muharram. [PAR] The Day of Ashura (or Ashurah) is known as the most sacred day in the month of Muharram. It is the 10th day of Muharram and is a day of fasting for many Sunni Muslims. Many Shi\u2019a Muslims use the day to commemorate the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK Butterflies - Scotch Argus - Erebia aethiops UK Butterflies - Scotch Argus - Erebia aethiops [PAR] < Previous Species Next Species > [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Despite its name, the Scotch Argus is not only found in Scotland; it is also found at two sites in the north of England. A freshly-emerged Scotch Argus is a sight to behold, the dark brown velvety uppersides making the butterfly appear almost jet black from a distance. The butterfly is unmistakable when seen basking with its wings open, when orange bands containing distinctive spots are revealed. This butterfly lives in well-defined colonies that are often very large. [PAR] Like the Mountain Ringlet, the ability of this butterfly to survive cool temperatures means that it was probably one of the first species to recolonise the British Isles after the last ice age, over 10,000 years ago. The English colonies, Arnside Knott and Smardale Gill, are both found in Westmorland . Colonies are much more numerous in Scotland, where this butterfly can be found in most of northern, western and south-west Scotland. This butterfly is absent from the lowlands of central Scotland, many of the western isles (including the Outer Hebrides ), Orkney and Shetland . [PAR] A colony at Grassington in Mid-west Yorkshire , famous for a particular race that had reduced orange markings, became extinct in 1923. According to Dennis (1977) \"This colony which used to occupy parts of Grass Wood was last observed by Clutten in 1923. The orange markings on the upperside of the males were nearly obsolete; and this feature in the females was scarcely better developed than in ordinary males\". [PAR] -18 [PAR] +24 [PAR] The table above shows the occurrence (distribution) and abundance (population) trends, using information from The State of the UK's Butterflies 2015 (Fox, 2015). Any UK BAP status is taken from the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) (2007 review). [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Most colonies are found in sheltered and damp areas. Bogs, woodland edges and riverbanks where the foodplant grows are typical habitats. The English colonies are situated in a different type of habitat, where sites are limestone grassland sheltered by adjoining woodland. [PAR] Distribution [PAR] [PAR] Click here to see the distribution of this species or here to see the distribution of this species together with specific site information overlaid. [PAR] Life Cycle [PAR] The flight period is fairly short for a butterfly that can appear in significant numbers. Butterflies emerge at the end of July, peaking in early August, with a few individuals surviving into September. There is one generation each year. [PAR] Erebia aethiops ssp. aethiops [PAR] Erebia aethiops ssp. caledonia [PAR] The chart(s) above have been correlated with the phenology plot below, taken from the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme . The blue line gives average counts over the full data set from 1976 to date, and the red line gives the average for the last year. [PAR] Imago [PAR] The adults are often the first butterflies of the day to be seen at suitable sites, their dark brown wings presumably allowing them to warm up more quickly than other species. They fly only when the sun is shining, and tend to retreat among grasses as soon as clouds appear, their undersides closely resembling a dead leaf. They reappear as rapidly when the sun comes out again and it is fascinating to watch an apparently-barren grassland come to life with butterflies as the clouds move away. Both sexes feed from a variety of nectar sources. [PAR] Males adopt both perching and patrolling strategies when in search of a mate."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many edges does a cube have? | Reference.com How many edges does a cube have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many edges does a cube have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A cube has 12 edges, 24 angles, eight vertices and six faces. A cube is a regular solid made up of six equal squares. Additionally, all angles within the cube are right angles and all sides are the same length. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The surface area of a cube is determined by finding the area of one square by multiplying its length times its width, or by squaring the length of one side, and then multiplying that product by six for each one of the squares. Finding the volume of the cube requires multiplying its length times its width times its height or by cubing the length of one side.[DOC] [TLE] How many faces, edges and vertices does a cube have ... How many faces, edges and vertices does a cube have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many faces, edges and vertices does a cube have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A cube has six faces, 12 edges and eight vertices. Each face of a cube is an identical square, and every edge has an identical length, which is equal to the length of the sides of the faces. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The cube is one of five Platonic solids, which are defined in Euclidean geometry as regular, convex polyhedrons where every face is an identical, regular polygon. A regular polygon is a two-dimensional shape where all sides have the same length. The other platonic solids are the tetrahedron (four triangular faces), the octahedron (eight triangular faces), the dodecahedron (12 hexagonal faces) and the icosahedron (20 triangular faces)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ham (2) - Definition and Meaning, Bible Dictionary Ham (2) Definition and Meaning - Bible Dictionary [PAR] ham (cham; Cham): [PAR] 1. The Youngest Son of Noah: [PAR] The youngest son of Noah, from whom sprang the western and southwestern nations known to the Hebrews. His name first occurs in Genesis 5:32 , where, as in 6:10 and elsewhere, it occupies the second place. In Genesis 9:18 Ham is described as \"the father of Canaan,\" to prepare the reader for 9:25-27, where Noah, cursing Ham for having told Shem and Japheth of his nakedness, refers to him as Canaan. On account of this, it has been suggested that \"Canaan\" stood originally in all the passages where the three brothers are spoken of, and that this was later changed to \"Ham,\" except in the verses containing the curse. It seems more likely, however, that the name \"Canaan\" is inserted prophetically, as Noah would not desire to curse his son, but only one branch of that son's descendants, who were later the principal adversaries of the Hebrews. [PAR] 2. Ham as a Nationality: [PAR] The name given, in Psalms 105:23,17 ; 106:22 (compare 78:51), to Egypt as a descendant of Ham, son of Noah. As Shem means \"dusky,\" or the like, and Japheth \"fair,\" it has been supposed that Ham meant, as is not improbable, \"black.\" This is supported by the evidence of Hebrew and Arabic, in which the word chamam means \"to be hot\" and \"to be black,\" the latter signification being derived from the former. [PAR] 3. Meaning of the Word: [PAR] That Ham is connected with the native name of Egypt, Kem, or, in full pa ta' en Kem, \"the land of Egypt,\" in Bashmurian Coptic Kheme, is unlikely, as this form is probably of a much later date than the composition of Gen, and, moreover, as the Arabic shows, the guttural is not a true kh, but the hard breathing h, which are both represented by the Hebrew cheth. [PAR] 4. The Nations Descending from Ham: [PAR] Of the nationalities regarded as descending from Ham, none can be described as really black. First on the list, as being the darkest, is Cush or Ethiopia ( Genesis 10:6 ), after which comes Mitsrayim, or Egypt, then PuT or Libyia, and Canaan last. The sons or descendants of each of these are then taken in turn, and it is noteworthy that some of them, like the Ethiopians and the Canaanites, spoke Semitic, and not Hamitic, languages--Seba (if connected with the Sabeans), Havilah (Yemen), and Sheba, whose queen visited Solomon. Professor Sayce, moreover, has pointed out that Caphtor is the original home of the Phoenicians, who spoke a Semitic language. The explanation of this probably is that other tongues were forced upon these nationalities in consequence of their migrations, or because they fell under the dominion of nationalities alien to them. The non-Sem Babylonians, described as descendants of Nimrod (Merodach), as is welI known, spoke Sumerian, and adopted Semitic Babylonian only on account of mingling with the Semites whom they found there. Another explanation is that the nationalities described as Hamitic--a parallel to those of the Semitic section--were so called because they fell under Egyptian dominion. This would make the original Hamitic race to have been Egyptian and account for Ham as a (poetical) designation of that nationality. Professor F. L. Griffith has pointed out that the Egyptian Priapic god of Panopolis (Akhmim), sometimes called Menu, but also apparently known as Khem, may have been identified with the ancestor of the Hamitic race--he was worshipped from the coast of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patti Smith to Pay Tribute to Oscar Wilde at English ... Patti Smith to Pay Tribute to Oscar Wilde at English Prison Event | Pitchfork [PAR] Patti Smith to Pay Tribute to Oscar Wilde at English Prison Event [PAR] She will read selections from Wilde's prison letter, De Profundis [PAR] Patti Smith [PAR] Patti Smith (Photo by Stefan M. Prager/Redferns via Getty Images); Oscar Wilde (Photo by Apic/Getty Images) [PAR] Patti Smith will participate in \u201cInside\u2014Artists and Writers in Reading Prison,\u201d a newly announced event that will pay tribute to Oscar Wilde. She'll read selections from Wilde's prison letter, De Profundis , alongside the novelist Colm Toibin, the actors Ben Whishaw and Ralph Fiennes, and others. Organized by Artangel , the exhibition will take place at the Reading Gaol, the prison where Wilde was imprisoned after being convicted for gross indecency in 1895. De Profundis was a letter Wilde wrote to his lover and friend Lord Alfred Douglas (addressed as \u201cBosie\u201d in the letter), reflecting on his relationship with Douglas, his life before the conviction, and a spiritual awakening that occurred in prison. [PAR] The exhibition will open on September 4 and end on October 30. Newly commissioned work by Wolfgang Tillmans , Steve McQueen, Ai Weiwei, Jeanette Winterson, and others will also be included in the exhibition. This is the first time the prison will be open to the public and in use since its closure in 2013, according to The New York Times . [PAR] Patti Smith is also set to release a tribute album to Nico , in collaboration with the the Soundwalk Collective in September. Tillmans just released a techno record called 2016 / 1986 ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Sports of Canada Act - Justice National Sports of Canada Act [PAR] National Sports of Canada Act [PAR] S.C. 1994, c. 16 [PAR] Assented to 1994-05-12 [PAR] An Act to recognize hockey and lacrosse as the national sports of Canada [PAR] Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows: [PAR] Short Title [PAR] National Sports of Canada [PAR] Marginal note:Hockey and lacrosse to be national sports [PAR] 2 The game commonly known as ice hockey is hereby recognized and declared to be the national winter sport of Canada and the game commonly known as lacrosse is hereby recognized and declared to be the national summer sport of Canada.[DOC] [TLE] The origins of Canada\u2019s national summer sport - Global News Your Neighbourhood: The origins of Canada\u2019s national summer sport - Saskatoon | Globalnews.ca [PAR] March 30, 2016 7:19 pm [PAR] Updated: March 31, 2016 6:28 am [PAR] Your Neighbourhood: The origins of Canada\u2019s national summer sport [PAR] By Ryan Kessler Reporter Global News [PAR] WATCH ABOVE: Lacrosse has a deep and rich history rooted in First Nations culture. Ryan Kessler explores the evolution of the game that some still refer to as Canada\u2019s national sport. [PAR] What is this? [PAR] Sponsored content is written by Global News' editorial staff without any editorial influence by the sponsor. If you'd like to learn more... [PAR] X [PAR] What is this? [PAR] Sponsored content is written by Global News' without any editorial influence by the sponsor. If you'd like to learn more... [PAR] - [PAR] Listen [PAR] The Saskatchewan Rush and professional lacrosse may be new to Saskatoon, but the game has a long history in Canada. Its origins date back centuries, possibly pre-dating European settlement in North America. [PAR] Recorded history of lacrosse began in the 1800s when colonizers noticed matches between stick-bearing warriors. Often lasting hours or even days, with hundreds of players, the competitions were meant to settle disputes. [PAR] Smithsonian American Art Museum [PAR] Smithsonian American Art Museum [PAR] For Saskatchewan Rush player Jeremy Thompson, lacrosse is a profession and a celebration. [PAR] \u201cIn our communities, lacrosse is something that is part of, not only a sport, it\u2019s part of our culture and a way of our culture,\u201d Thompson said. [PAR] WATCH: Lacrosse 101 \u2013 know your role [PAR] Thompson, whose three brothers also play in the National Lacrosse League (NLL), grew up in Upstate New York close to where the game was originally founded. [PAR] \u201cIt started on the east coast, around the Great Lakes area and our people was one of the peoples that came out with the game of lacrosse,\u201d Thompson said. [PAR] Though the exact date and location of origin are difficult to determine, the Huron and Iroquois people are said to be some of the earliest players of the game. [PAR] In 1867, the National Lacrosse Association became Canada\u2019s first national governing body for any sport. [PAR] Lacrosse is often called the national sport of Canada, but that\u2019s only half true. In 1994, the National Sports of Canada Act declared lacrosse the country\u2019s national summer sport, while hockey was named Canada\u2019s national winter sport. [PAR] Library and Archives Canada [PAR] Library and Archives Canada [PAR] Evan Taypotat, principal of Chief Kahkewistahaw Community School, said it\u2019s inspiring for young athletes to see an indigenous sport played by indigenous athletes. [PAR] \u201cAthletics is sort of our avenue to show people that we\u2019re just normal people,\u201d Taypotat said. [PAR] Sports in his community, 150 kilometres east of Regina, also offer an incentive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Activities - Stone Mountain Park Activities - Stone Mountain Park [PAR] Stone Mountain Park [PAR] Atlanta Evergreen Marriott Conference Resort [PAR] Stone Mountain Inn [PAR] We Create Memories Worth Repeating\u00ae [PAR] Stone Mountain Park is a Family Vacation Destination in Atlanta, Georgia [PAR] Located on 3,200 acres of natural beauty, Stone Mountain Park features a wide variety of fun family activities and things to do in the Atlanta, Georgia area. Amazing adventures await as you discover interactive children's attractions. Plus you'll not want to miss dozens of fun annual events such as Spring FUN Break, Summer at the Rock, Yellow Daisy Festival, Indian Festival and Pow Wow, Stone Mountain Christmas and Snow Mountain. Stone Mountain activities are suitable for all ages: [PAR] Play in the spray or stay high and dry on Geyser Towers\u00ae. [PAR] Trek through the treetops on SkyHike\u00ae, the nation's largest adventure course. [PAR] Take a skyride to the top of Stone Mountain and get an up-close look at the Stone Mountain Carving. [PAR] Ride a scenic train around the mountain. [PAR] Stay at the Marriott Stone Mountain Inn or Evergreen Marriott resort, or spend the night in a tent or your RV at the largest Georgia campground. [PAR] Let Stone Mountain plan and host your company picnic or family reunion at a covered outdoor pavilion. [PAR] End your day at the world's largest laser light show featuring a fantastic fireworks finale! [PAR] ATTRACTIONS [PAR] Soar to the top of the mountain on the Summit Skyride for an unprecedented view of the Atlanta Skyline. Take a trek through the treetops on Sky Hike, one of the nation\u2019s largest adventure courses. Play in the spray or stay high and dry on Geyser Towers - featuring multiple levels of suspended rope bridges and net tunnels that overlook a gushing geyser. [PAR] RECREATION & GOLF [PAR] With 3,200 acres of natural beauty just outside Atlanta, the Park offers numerous outdoor adventures for all ages. Take a hike on 15 miles of wooded nature trails. Climb the 1 mile trail to the top of Stone Mountain, have a family picnic, or go fishing in a 363-acre lake. Tee off on one of two beautiful Georgia golf courses. [PAR] HISTORY & NATURE [PAR] Discover the largest high relief sculpture in the world, the Confederate Memorial Carving, depicting three Confederate heroes of the Civil War, President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson. Learn about the granite quarry and environment around Stone Mountain. [PAR] Dining [PAR] From full service restaurants to quick-service concessions, Stone Mountain Park offers a wide variety of locations where you can fill your stomach or quench your thirst. Enjoy delicious homestyle, southern BBQ at Base Camp BBQ, or a lakeside meal at The Commons Restaurant. [PAR] Shopping [PAR] Stone Mountain Park is home to a variety of unique shops featuring handmade crafts and signature Park souvenirs for every member of the family. Stroll through the shops in Crossroads where demonstrating crafters will create brilliant works of art right before your eyes, including beautiful glass pieces and delicious candy. [PAR] Stone Mountain Park [PAR] Subscribe to our newsletter, special offers and promotional emails. [PAR] Email"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn about the benefits of propolis and how to use it for ... Learn about the benefits of propolis and how to use it for GIT diseases [PAR] Gluten-sensitive enteropathy [PAR] Propolis [PAR] Propolis (also known as \u2018bee glue\u2019) is a unique resinous aromatic substance collected by honeybees from the buds of willow, birch, poplar, spruce, fir, horse chestnut and other trees. This substance contains not only resins but also wax and plant pollen enriched with digestive enzymes and exposed to the process of lactic-acid fermentation in the digestive organs of bees. Depending on the species of plants from which bees collect propolis it may vary both in color and in its chemical composition. For example, if bees collect it from a birch tree, then it is greenish, if from a poplar \u2013 reddish, aspen \u2013 gray; you can also come across brown, reddish black and even almost black propolis. But fresh propolis is usually of a yellow or reddish color and when mixed with wax and dust it becomes darker. If speaking about the structure of this substance, it is a dense heterogeneous mass soluble in water and organic solvents. [PAR] A wonderful world of propolis [PAR] The chemical composition of this substance is not yet fully understood. It contains resins and balsams (about 50-55%), wax (30%), essential oils (10-15%) and pollen (5%). Besides that the following components can be found in it: [PAR] Over 50 organic components and mineral elements (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, aluminum, mercury, fluorine, antimony, cobalt, zinc, silicon, vanadium, iron, manganese, copper, strontium, selenium, zirconium, etc.); [PAR] About 10 essential vitamins including B1, B2, B6, A, E, nicotinic and pantothenic acid, etc; [PAR] 17 amino acids (serine, asparagic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, threonine, valine, arginine, etc); [PAR] Propolis owes its most important therapeutic action to flavonoids (biologically active substances) which make propolis a highly effective anesthetic and wound healing agent. In addition, bee glue has a great antimicrobial effect. There was an interesting experiment which confirmed its high antimicrobial properties \u2013 a piece of raw meat was covered with a layer of propolis and left in the sun. It remained fresh for several weeks. [PAR] Therapeutic Value or Why do people use propolis? [PAR] Propolis has a broad spectrum of action that is applied to the whole body, to all its systems and organs. [PAR] Its main effect \u2013 bactericidal and bacteriostatic \u2013 is extensively used in medicine. Propolis has the power to inhibit the activity of a great variety of microorganisms as well as to kill many of them including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, viruses, protozoa (trichomonads), fungi (trichophytosis), candidiasis, viruses of influenza and hepatitis. Plus this substance destroys and removes foreign cells from the body with the native microflora of the host-organism saved intact. That\u2019s why when propolis is used human gut flora suffers no damage, so you can avoid dysbiosis, unlike with antibiotics. It is true for both water and alcohol solutions of propolis. It is important to mention that microorganisms do not develop resistance to propolis during the whole period of use, no matter how long it lasts. That happens due to the fact that bees collect the material to produce propolis from a huge number of different plants each having its own specific characteristics which means that polyfloral propolis has the properties of many plants and, therefore, it is fatal for microbes. They just do not have time to adapt and develop resistance to bee glue. It is worth mentioning that when hives were studied for bacteria carrying (the study dates back to the 19th century) it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 [PAR] Albert Einstein [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 [PAR] Albert Einstein [PAR] Prize share: 1/1 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 was awarded to Albert Einstein \"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\". [PAR] Albert Einstein received his Nobel Prize one year later, in 1922. During the selection process in 1921, the Nobel Committee for Physics decided that none of the year's nominations met the criteria as outlined in the will of Alfred Nobel. According to the Nobel Foundation's statutes, the Nobel Prize can in such a case be reserved until the following year, and this statute was then applied. Albert Einstein therefore received his Nobel Prize for 1921 one year later, in 1922. [PAR] Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/>[DOC] [TLE] Albert Einstein awarded Nobel Prize in Physics | World ... Albert Einstein awarded Nobel Prize in Physics | World History Project [PAR] 1921 [PAR] Albert Einstein awarded Nobel Prize in Physics [PAR] In 1922, Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics,[97] \"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\". This refers to his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect, \"On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light\", which was well supported by the experimental evidence by that time. The presentation speech began by mentioning \"his theory of relativity [which had] been the subject of lively debate in philosophical circles [and] also has astrophysical implications which are being rigorously examined at the present time.\" (Einstein 1923) [PAR] It was long reported that Einstein gave the Nobel prize money directly to his first wife, Mileva Mari\u0107, in compliance with their 1919 divorce settlement. However, personal correspondence made public in 2006[98] shows that he invested much of it in the United States, and saw much of it wiped out in the Great Depression. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] In the case of Albert Einstein, his 1921 Nobel Prize was awarded principally for his explanation of the photoelectric effect and not for his work on relativity. [PAR] 1921 Albert Einstein: for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. [PAR] Source: Nobel Prize - 1921, Albert, Einstein, 1922, Niels, Bohr, 1932, Werner, Heisenberg, 1933, Erwin, Schr\u00f6dinger, and, Paul, Dirac, 1935 Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] he Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysik) is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen, a German, \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays (or x-rays).\" This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics. It is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bridges - Swan River, Perth Traveller Reviews ... The Bridges - Swan River, Perth Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor [PAR] More attraction details [PAR] Attraction details [PAR] Owner description: Perth's favourite playground, the Swan River is a stunning waterway which winds its way from the Darling Scarp to Fremantle. This natural attraction is popular location for Perth locals and visitors to enjoy a day out boating, fishing, skiing, paddling, swimming, picnicking or simply enjoying its vista.Rich in environmental and cultural values, the Swan River was named Derbal Yerrigan by the local Aboriginals who believe that the river was created by the rainbow serpent \u2018Waugal\u2019, a dreamtime spirit taking the form of a giant snake. It is believed that the Waugal created creeks, waterholes, lakes and valleys on its journey to the ocean. [PAR] There are newer reviews for this attraction"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rugby Union National Team Names - Topend Sports Rugby Union National Team Names [PAR] Home > Sports > List > Rugby Union > Team Nicknames [PAR] Rugby Union National Team Names [PAR] Many rugby teams from around the world have another name by which they are more well known. These are not always official names, and some national teams have more than one nickname. [PAR] I have tried to find the most commonly used nickname, and included others if known. As you can see, these nicknames are commonly derived from the color of their playing strip or country flag, or an animal associated with the country. If you have any corrections or additions, please let me know . [PAR] [PAR] List of National Team Nicknames (men) [PAR] Team [PAR] Argentina [PAR] Los Pumas (Pumas) [PAR] The Argentina team is called Los Pumas because of the animal depicted as the team's emblem. However, that animal is actually a jaguar (ayaguaret\u00e9) and not a puma! [PAR] Australia [PAR] A wallaby is a small kangaroo [PAR] Austria [PAR] a Ibex or alpine mountain goat [PAR] Barbados [PAR] meaning Black Devils in Dutch. Also Diables Noirs (black devils in French) [PAR] Botswana [PAR] Tupis are the main ethnic group of Brazilian indigenous people. [PAR] Brunei [PAR] Canucks is a slang term for Canadians [PAR] Catalonia [PAR] El XV de la ginesta [PAR] Cayman Islands [PAR] England [PAR] Red and Whites [PAR] The Red and Whites is not a commonly used name. It comes from the red and white playing strip. Also the Roses? A Fenchman notified me that in France the English team is called \"Le 15 de la Rose\" - literally: \"The 15 of the Rose\". [PAR] Ecuador [PAR] Bati (The Warriors) / Flying Fijians [PAR] France [PAR] Le XV de France [PAR] \"Le XV de France\" literally translates as \"The 15 of France\". France's team is also called les bleus (the blues) because of the color of their uniform, though \"Les Bleus\" is more of a generic name for all French national teams. Before their curent strip which is mostly blue, the French team played in blue shirts, white shorts, and red socks, the colors of the national flag, and were nicknamed \"Les Tricolores\". Also sometimes Le Coqs (the cockerels). [PAR] Georgia [PAR] The Lelos [PAR] The name comes from lelo, an indigenous Georgian sport with strong similarities to rugby. Lelo has been adopted as the Georgian word for \"try\". One standard cheer of Georgian rugby union fans is Lelo, Lelo, Sakartvelo (Try, Try, Georgia). Another nickname that is sometimes used is \"Men of Borjgali\" [PAR] Greece [PAR] which means \"The National (team)\" [PAR] Guatemala"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goodfellas (1990) - IMDb Goodfellas (1990) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 17 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 09 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Goodfellas \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 37 wins & 35 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The aging patriarch of an organized crime dynasty transfers control of his clandestine empire to his reluctant son. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] The early life and career of Vito Corleone in 1920s New York is portrayed while his son, Michael, expands and tightens his grip on the family crime syndicate. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] An undercover cop and a mole in the police attempt to identify each other while infiltrating an Irish gang in South Boston. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: Milos Forman [PAR] A former neo-nazi skinhead tries to prevent his younger brother from going down the same wrong path that he did. [PAR] Director: Tony Kaye [PAR] A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Demme [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] A sole survivor tells of the twisty events leading up to a horrific gun battle on a boat, which begin when five criminals meet at a seemingly random police lineup. [PAR] Director: Bryan Singer [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Henry Hill might be a small time gangster, who may have taken part in a robbery with Jimmy Conway and Tommy De Vito, two other gangsters who might have set their sights a bit higher. His two partners could kill off everyone else involved in the robbery, and slowly start to think about climbing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Compass Pointe House in Whistler, Canada | HomeDSGN The Compass Pointe House in Whistler, Canada [PAR] The Compass Pointe House in Whistler, Canada [PAR] By admin \u2022 May 15, 2011 \u2022 Selected Work [PAR] Completed in 2009, the Compass Pointe House is located in Whistler, a resort town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Whistler was the Host Mountain Resort of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. [PAR] Designed by Sean Anderson of Progressive Concept Design , in collaboration with Kelly Deck for the interior & exterior finishes, this five bedroom contemporary home incorporates local stone, sandblasted fir, heated floors, open beams and floor to ceiling windows that frame a view of the village, Blackcomb mountains and Fissile Peak. [PAR] The house hit the market in 2009 and was originally offered at $6,490,000 (CAD). The property is still on sale , offered now at $5,999,000.[DOC] [TLE] Whistler Canada - 30 Minutes South of Mt Currie Whistler Canada - 30 Minutes South of Mt Currie [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Whistler Canada - a Four Season Resort [PAR] Whistler is a Canadian resort town in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in the province of British Columbia, Canada, approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) north of Vancouver. The Hitching Post Motel, in Mt Currie, is approximately 30 minutes north of Whistler. [PAR] Over two million people visit Whistler annually, primarily for alpine skiing and snowboarding in the winter and mountain biking and golfing during the summer. [PAR] Host Venue of the 2010 Winter Games [PAR] Whistler has been voted among the top destinations in North America by major ski magazines since the mid-1990s. The Resort's pedestrian village has won numerous design awards. During the 2010 Winter Olympics , Whistler will host most of the alpine, nordic and sliding events. [PAR] Need More Info? [PAR] or email us for more [PAR] accommodation information."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Absolutely Fabulous (UK) - Season 1 Reviews - Metacritic Absolutely Fabulous (UK) - Season 1 Reviews - Metacritic [PAR] Log in to finish rating Absolutely Fabulous (UK) [PAR] Absolutely Fabulous (UK) [PAR] Universal acclaim- based on 8 Ratings [PAR] Would you like to write a review? [PAR] Share this? [PAR] Starring: Jennifer Saunders , Jane Horrocks , Joanna Lumley [PAR] Summary: Sin Is In! [PAR] This hit British comedy series began 1992 and remains one of the BBC's highest rated and most popular shows. Absolutely Fabulous follows the lives of three (and later four) generations of the Monsoon family and the people around them. It began as a short French & SaundersSin Is In! [PAR] This hit British comedy series began 1992 and remains one of the BBC's highest rated and most popular shows. [PAR] Absolutely Fabulous follows the lives of three (and later four) generations of the Monsoon family and the people around them. [PAR] It began as a short French & Saunders sketch with Jennifer Saunders in her familiar role as Edina and Dawn French playing her daughter. A pilot for the series was filmed with the comediennes in those respective roles but Julia Sawalha was cast to replace French. Add a dash of actress Joanna Lumley and the immensly popular and entertaining series was born. [PAR] Wheel's on fire, [PAR] Best notify my next of kin, [PAR] This wheel shall explode!\u2026 Expand [PAR] Genre(s): Comedy [PAR] Season 1 premiere date: Nov 12, 1992 [PAR] Episode Length: 30"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp | The Royal Institution ... Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp | The Royal Institution: Science Lives Here [PAR] Davy lamp \u2192 [PAR] Humphry Davy's miners' safety lamp [PAR] The first ever prototype of Davy\u2019s miner\u2019s safety lamp. Created in 1815, it was designed to be lit safely for miners to use without allowing the heat from the flame to explode the concentration of methane gas often found as miners dug deeper. [PAR] Humphry Davy miners' lamps. [PAR] Basement Laboratory of the Ri [PAR] Alternative name [PAR] Mining, Humphry Davy, coal, gauze, safety lamp, firedamp, light, invention [PAR] Description [PAR] Following a number of serious explosions in North East coal mines due to pockets of flammable gas known as 'firedamp', Humphry Davy was asked by the Rector of Bishopwearmouth (near Newcastle) to find a means of lighting coal mines safely. In an intense period of work from mid-October to December 1815, Davy made various prototype lamps. The final design was very simple: a basic lamp with a wire gauze chimney enclosing the flame. The holes let light pass through, but the metal of the gauze absorbs the heat. The lamp is safe to use because the flame can't heat enough flammable gas to cause an explosion, although the flame itself will change colour. [PAR] The lamp was successfully tested in Hebburn colliery in January 1816 and quickly went into production. The introduction of the lamp had an immediate effect, decreasing the number of fatalities per million tons of coal produced enormously and also increased the amount of coal produced as it allowed miners to mine deeper seams of coal. In this way it made a fundamental contribution to the continuing industrialisation of Britain and to many other mining countries, during the nineteeth century. [PAR] At precisely the same time however George Stephenson, a mining engineer at Killingworth Colliery, was also working on the problem. He independently invented a remarkably similar lamp and soon the two inventors were locked in a bitter dispute over priority. Davy needed to differentiate his lamp from Stephenson\u2019s and therefore claimed that his invention was the product of scientific research, despite there being very little science in it - indeed the only science in the lamp is the discovery (made independently by Davy, Stephenson and Smithson Tennant) that explosions would not pass through narrow tubes. Davy won this battle of words going on to become President of the Royal Society, while Stephenson went on to invent the first steam powered locomotive for the railroad. [PAR] To help rubbish Stephenson\u2019s claims Davy acquired some of his lamps to try to demonstrate how useless they were. These can be found on display alongside Davy\u2019s prototypes in the Light Corridor area of our exhibition, on the lower ground floor. [PAR] Where can I view this? [PAR] This object is currently on display in the lower ground floor of the Royal Institution in the Faraday Museum . [PAR] More images [PAR] Humphry Davy's miners safety lamp [PAR] Credit: Royal Institution[DOC] [TLE] Welsh miners cambrian flame safety brass lamps Welsh miners cambrian flame safety brass lamps [PAR] ABERDARE, MID GLAMORGAN [PAR] Safety Lamps - Past and Present [PAR] In the early days of mining in this United Kingdom, bunches of resinous were used for lighting the outcrop workings. In these early days there was little, if any, circulation of air in the workings so the dangers from explosions, due to firedamp, were not great owing to the fact that marsh gas requires a certain proportion of air before it becomes explosive. On the continent earthen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Annie Oakley - Tall Tale Heroes Annie Oakley - Tall Tale Heroes [PAR] Tall Tale Heroes [PAR] More Stormalong [PAR] Annie Oakley [PAR] Oakley, Annie, 1860-1926, American theatrical performer, b. Darke co., Ohio. Her original name was Phoebe Anne Oakley Mozee. From childhood on she was a \"dead shot\" with a rifle. She defeated in contest the noted marksman and vaudeville star Frank E. Butler, who subsequently married her and became her manager and assistant. As a major attraction (1885-1902) of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show she performed remarkable feats of marksmanship. In 1901 she was partially paralyzed in a railroad accident but continued to delight audiences with her brilliant shooting for 20 years. Her life was the basis for Irving Berlin's popular musical Annie Get Your Gun(1946). [PAR] Source Citation: \"Oakley, Annie.\" The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2000. Reproduced in Kids InfoBits. Detroit: Gale, 2013. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/KidsInfoBits [PAR] Suggested Reading [PAR] Title: Shooting Star: Annie Oakley, the Legend , written by Debbie Dadey, illustrated by Scott Goto 1997 [PAR] Description: An exaggerated account of the life and exploits of the sharp-shooting entertainer. [PAR] An exaggerated account of the life and exploits of the sharp-shooting entertainer. [PAR] Ages: 9-12 [PAR] Title: Bull's-Eye: A Photobiography of Annie Oakley , written by Sue Macy, 2001 [PAR] Description: Presents the facts and the fiction about the American icon who made herself famous for her shooting skills. [PAR] Ages: 9-12 [PAR] Reviews: Gr 3-6 \u2013This book is exemplary nonfiction: well documented, lots of period photos with credits, a resource list, and a chronology. Equally important is its engaging and well-crafted account of this famous woman of the West. Some of the facts of Phoebe Ann Moses Butler's life before she became \"AnnieOakley\" are less well known: her family was Quaker, but extreme poverty led her to use a gun for hunting; she spent two years as a child laborer for an abusive farmer; and she was a strong advocate for women learning to use firearms, offering to train a women's home-front protection division during World War I. Macy has drawn on family members' stories as well as Oakley's unpublished autobiography in this writing. Bull's-Eye is for a younger audience than Jean Flynn's excellent AnnieOakley (Enslow, 1998) and would be a good replacement for Robert Quackenbush's Who's That Girl with the Gun? (Prentice-Hall, 1988; o.p.).\u2013Nancy Collins-Warner, Neill Public Library, Pullman, WA --Nancy Collins-Warner (Reviewed October 1, 2001) (School Library Journal, vol 47, issue 10, p188) [PAR] *information from NoveList Plus [PAR] Title: Who Was Annie Oakley? by Stephanie Spinner, 2002 [PAR] Description: Describes the life of the frontier woman and sharpshooter who achieved fame with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show [PAR] Ages: 9-12 [PAR] Reviews: Gr 3-5-AnnieOakley was born Phoebe Ann Moses in 1860 in Ohio. Her life story is told here-from her fatherless childhood through her marriage to Frank Butler and glory days traveling with Buffalo Bill's show to her death, 18 daysbefore her husband's, in 1926. \"Little Sure Shot,\" as she was nicknamed by Sitting Bull, truly had a one-of-a-kind life. She raised herself upfrom a poor, abused baby-sitter to a sharpshooting show woman who enchanted Queen Victoria out of her post-Albert funk, no less. However, while her biographyis presented in full here, the prose is rather dry and uninviting. The black-and-white cartoons that pad the book are no better. Although two time lines areappended, there is no index. Sue Macy's Bull's-Eye (National Geographic, 2001) is a wonderful photobiography of Oakley that will be far more helpfulfor reports and is more enjoyable reading.-Anne Chapman Callaghan, Racine Public Library, WI"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary Quant, the Miniskirt and the Chelsea Palace on the ... Mary Quant, the Miniskirt and the Chelsea Palace on the King\u2019s Road \u00ab Another Nickel In The Machine [PAR] Bazaar in 1955 [PAR] Bazaar and the Markham Arms (now a Santander bank) today [PAR] The King\u2019s Road in 1958. The Bluebird Garage can be seen down the road at numbers 330-350. The garage was opened in 1923 and was the largest in Europe with room for 300 cars in the main garage. [PAR] The King\u2019s Road today-ish. The garage is now a restaurant of course. [PAR] The shop, which they called Bazaar, opened in November 1955 and was an almost immediate success with the stock flying out of the door. Although initially this was partly to do with naively selling their clothes and accessories too cheaply thus not only losing money on everything they sold but also upsetting the local shops and their wholesalers by undercutting the fixed retail prices. [PAR] It wasn\u2019t long, however, that the trio of entrepreneurs realised that by luck they were on to a huge thing: [PAR] We were in at the beginning of a tremendous renaissance in fashion. It was not happening because of us. It was simply that, as things turned out, we were a part of it. [PAR] Mary Quant and Alexander Plunket Green [PAR] Mary Quant and APG worked incredibly hard. They had also opened a restaurant in the basement of Markham House which soon became the place to come to in Chelsea. But if they worked hard they also played hard \u2013 incredibly they were still both only twentyone. [PAR] According to Quant the couple always found time to visit the music hall shows at the Chelsea Palace theatre down the road from Bazaar. At the time the shows were often slightly risqu\u00e9 in nature. \u201cWe went once a week\u201d said Mary. \u201cthe Chelsea Palace chorus girls wore very naughty fur bikini knickers.\u201d [PAR] It must have been a very funny show\u2026 [PAR] Paul Raymond\u2019s \u2018Burlesque\u2019 was performed at the Chelsea Palace in 1955 [PAR] Burlesque by Paul Raymond \u2013 how kind of Jeye\u2019s Fluid to sponsor the show (see the bottom of the bill) [PAR] Chelsea Palace of Varieties [PAR] The Chelsea Palace of Varieties had opened for business in 1903 at 232-42 King\u2019s Road on the corner of Sydney Street opposite the Town Hall. It seated 2524 people. Marie Lloyd appeared there in 1909 and performed an act so vulgar that a complaint was made to the London County Council. [PAR] By 1923 it started to be used as a cinema as well as showing straight plays and ballets. In 1925 it was taken over by Variety Theatres Consolidated and from then until its closure in March 1957 it presented live theatre, often of a risque nature. One of the shows put on in 1955 called \u2018Burlesque\u2019 was produced by Paul Raymond at the beginning of his career. [PAR] During the latter part of 1956 the Chelsea Palace ran a Radio Luxembourg talent competition and it was won for four weeks in a row by the Fantasie coffee shop regulars \u2013 the Chas McDevitt Skiffle Group. McDevitt described his flat in Chelsea at the time: [PAR] The flat I the King\u2019s Road was an ideal pad in an ideal position. It provided a haven for many an itinerant jazzer, visiting American folkies and unsuspecting embryo groupies. [PAR] During the Chelsea Palace talent contests McDevitt met a twenty year old Glaswegian singer called Anne Wilson whose stage name was Nancy Whiskey. [PAR] Within six months Nancy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The World Cup of Soccer (Football): Great Players The World Cup of Soccer (Football): Great Players [PAR] The World Cup of Soccer (Football): Great Players [PAR] On This Site [PAR] \u0095 The 2010 World Cup [PAR] The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup, an event that takes places every four years, has produced many memorable moments during the 80+ years of its existence. Some of the most famous soccer players of all time have found glory in World Cup matches. [PAR] Below are some highlights: [PAR] Pele won three times with Brazil. Widely considered to be the greatest soccer player ever, Pele (whose real name is Edison Arantes do Nascimento) is the only person to collect three winners' medals in the World Cup, winning in 1958, 1962, and 1970. In 1958, he became the youngest player ever to play in a World Cup final. He was 17 years and 249 days old. He scored two goals in his team's 5-2 win over Sweden. One of those goals is considered to be one of the finest ever in World Cup play. [PAR] Another star for Brazil is Ronaldo, who holds the record for the most goals scored in World Cup play with 15. He helped Brazil win the World Cup in 1994 and 2002. Ronaldo is one two men who have won the FIFA Player of the Year award three times. (The other is France's Zinedine Zedane.) [PAR] At the other end of the scoring spectrum was Lev Yashin, a Russian goalkeeper considered by many to be the best ever at his position. He recorded 150 career saves of penalty kicks. Also, 480 times in his career, he recorded a clean sheet, which is the same as a shutout: no goals scored by the opposing team. [PAR] Just one goal behind Ronaldo in all-time World Cup scoring was Germany's Gerd Muller, who scored four goals in 1974 and a remarkable 10 in 1970. Known for his rapid accelerations, Muller was a star in German football circles for many years. [PAR] France's Just Fontaine has 13 World Cup goals to his name, and he scored them all in the 1958 tournament (even though his team didn't even make it to the final). [PAR] Franz Beckenbauer of Germany is one of an elite group who have won the World Cup as a player and a manager. He captained (then West) Germany to victory in 1974 and then managed the (soon to be reunified) team to the title in 1990. [PAR] Custom Search"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About the Great Lakes Region - U.S. Department of State About the Great Lakes Region [PAR] About the Great Lakes Region [PAR] Share [PAR] What lakes make up the Great Lakes region? [PAR] The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world in terms of surface area; and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest in volume as well as the second deepest. The following, in order of size from largest to smallest, are included on most lists of the African Great Lakes: Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Malawi, Lake Turkana, Lake Albert, Lake Kivu, and Lake Edward. [PAR] Some call only Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, and Lake Edward the Great Lakes, as they are the only three that empty into the White Nile. Lake Kyoga is part of Great Lakes system, but is not itself considered a Great Lake, based on size alone. Lake Tanganyika and Lake Kivu both empty into the Congo River system, while Lake Malawi is drained by the Shire River into the Zambezi. Lake Turkana has no outlet. [PAR] Two other lakes close to Lake Tanganyika do not appear on the lists despite being larger than Edward and Kivu: Lake Rukwa and Lake Mweru. [PAR] Countries of the Great Lakes Region [PAR] The four countries that make up the Great Lakes region are: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R.C.), Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda. [PAR] The African Great Lake region is likewise somewhat loose. It is used in a narrow sense for the area lying between northern Lake Tanganyika, western Lake Victoria, and lakes Kivu, Edward, and Albert. This comprises Burundi, Rwanda, northeastern D.R. Congo, Uganda and northwestern Kenya and Tanzania. It is used in a wider sense to extend to all of Kenya and Tanzania, but not usually as far south as Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique nor as far north as Ethiopia, though these four countries border one of the Great Lakes. [PAR] Because of the density of population and the agricultural surplus in the region the area became highly organized into a number of small states. The most powerful of these monarchies were Rwanda, Burundi, Buganda, and Bunyoro. [PAR] Learn more about U.S. relations with each of these countries via the links below.[DOC] [TLE] Lakes of Africa - Homepage of Wetlands International Africa Lakes of Africa [PAR] Wetlands of International Importance [PAR] Lakes of Africa [PAR] Lakes are the source of many great rivers in Africa, provide enormous amounts of fresh water fish and water to many of the continents inhabitants and are home to unique aquatic and terrestrial species. Africa holds some of the largest lakes in the world. [PAR] Africa\u2019s largest lakes are Lake Victoria (Lake Ukerewe), Lake Chad, in the centre of the continent, and Lake Tanganika, lying between the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Tanzania and Zambia. [PAR] Livelihoods [PAR] Lakes are important resources of water for agriculture, household use, but of course of fish. Sithole estimated that lakes in Africa support 16-17 per cent of inland fisheries, making Uganda one of the largest freshwater fish producers in the world. Across much of the continent, lake freshwater fisheries provide an important source of food and livelihood for millions of people. [PAR] Photo: Lake Magadi. By Vic Klabbers [PAR] Great lakes [PAR] The most important lake area in Africa is undoubtedly that of the Great Lakes. The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Stars Look Down Reviews & Ratings - IMDb The Stars Look Down Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 34 out of 35 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Essential, dark drama [PAR] from United Kingdom [PAR] 27 February 2005 [PAR] Director Carol Reeds version of A.J. Cronins novel of poverty, greed and unfulfilled dreams still seems fresh today despite its sixty years. [PAR] Michael Redgrave stars as Davey Fenwick, a bright man from a poor mining background, who wins a scholarship to university. He hopes to graduate and then enter politics, so as to work to end the suffering of his kith and kin and their ilk. [PAR] However, his plans change when he meets and falls in love with Jenny Sunley (played by Margaret Lockwood), a strikingly beautiful but manipulative and materialistic little minx who has just been cruelly dumped (why???) by her boyfriend, Daveys old friend, the ruthlessly ambitious Joe Gowlan (Emlyn Williams). Understandably smitten, Davey marries the lovely but self-centred Jenny and, at her instigation, quits university and moves home to work as a schoolteacher. But his world is turned upside down when trouble at the pit, Jennys restlessness and the reappearance of Joe, whom Jenny still loves and who is now flashily well-to-do,combine. [PAR] At the time, this was one of the most expensive films ever made in Britain. But it was well worth the investment. It assured Carol Reeds reputation and gave to film audiences and to posterity a grimly realistic picture of life at the sharp end in 30s Britain. The all-star cast too got a chance to show their ability, giving terrific performances; Redgrave is superb as the disillusioned idealist, Williams is thoroughly unpleasant as the unfeeling, cynical Joe while Margaret Lockwood, one-time screen ing\u00e9nue in her first wicked girl role, gives a wonderful performance as the drop-dead gorgeous, vixenish, gold-digging Jenny. [PAR] As social commentary this is a great movie, but, on another, more profound level,it works as a dark, despairing canvas depicting the often destructive nature of human relationships. Essential viewing! [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 32 out of 32 people found the following review useful: [PAR] to say how much I enjoyed the social aspect of this movie [PAR] from Wexford, Ireland [PAR] 26 May 2003 [PAR] I recently purchased this outstanding movie on video. Michael Redgrave has always been one of the finest actors of his generation and his performance in this film only serves to strenghten my opinion. I was very surprised by the way a film of this era, concentrated so much on the social and economic deprivation of the mining community in Great Britan, surely one of the largest workforce of the time. The struggle for better conditions and the respect of their employers as workers and human beings is perhaps the crux of this story but the underlying sub-plots of human greed and subterfuge made sure my interest never waned. It is to me most memorable as a story of the ordinary man, struggling through adversity, always with dignity and self-respect. Despite the often bleak surroudings and the fact that it is also shot in B&W to maximize this atmosphere, it never depressed me and left me feeling good,long after the last of the credits had rolled. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 25 out of 26 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Thoughtful, Atmospheric, & Often Compelling Drama [PAR] from Ohio [PAR] 4 January 2006 [PAR] The story in this feature is pretty interesting, but even a description of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Menzies - Australia's PMs - Australia's Prime Ministers Robert Menzies - Australia's PMs - Australia's Prime Ministers [PAR] AUSTRALIA'S PRIME MINISTERS [PAR] Home > Australia's PMs > Robert Menzies [PAR] Robert Menzies [PAR] Robert Gordon Menzies was Australia\u2019s longest serving Prime Minister. He held the office twice, from 1939 to 1941 and from 1949 to 1966. Altogether he was Prime Minister for over 18 years \u2013 still the record term for an Australian Prime Minister. [PAR] Prime Minister Robert Menzies escorts Queen Elizabeth II at the State banquet at Parliament House, Canberra on 16 February 1954, with Pattie Menzies and the Duke of Edinburgh following. [PAR] NAA: A1773, RV490 [PAR] Born into humble circumstances, Menzies obtained a first-class secondary and university education by winning a series of scholarships. He established himself as one of Australia\u2019s leading constitutional lawyers, then entered the Victorian parliament in 1928. He won a seat in the federal parliament in 1934 and served as Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in the United Australia Party government of Joseph Lyons. [PAR] Menzies was Prime Minister when World War II began in 1939. In 1941 he lost the confidence of members of Cabinet and his party and was forced to resign. As an Opposition backbencher during the war years, he helped create the Liberal Party and became Leader of the Opposition in 1946. At the 1949 federal election, he defeated Ben Chifley\u2019s Labor Party and once again became Australia\u2019s Prime Minister. [PAR] Menzies\u2019 second period as Prime Minister laid the foundations for 22 consecutive years in government for the Liberal\u2013Country Party Coalition. [PAR] Menzies was often characterised as an extreme monarchist and \u2018British to his bootstraps\u2019 (which he was), but as Prime Minister he upgraded Australia\u2019s strong defence alliance with the United States. During his second period in office the ANZUS and SEATO treaties were signed, Australian troops were sent to support US-led forces in Korea, and Australia made its first commitment of combat forces to Vietnam. [PAR] Menzies retired as Prime Minister and from parliament in 1966. Knighted in 1963, he was further honoured in 1965 by being appointed Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports. [PAR] Robert Gordon Menzies died on 15 May 1978.[DOC] [TLE] Prime Minister, HSIE, Federal government, State and ... Prime Minister, HSIE, Federal government, State and federal government Year 6, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia [PAR] 0 Exams [PAR] What is a Prime Minister? [PAR] In Australia, the Prime Minister is the leader of the federal government. As leader of the government the Prime Minister is Australia's national leader. The Prime Minister not only leads the government in making laws for the Australian public but also plays an important role in representing Australia at international conventions. [PAR] Not all countries have prime ministers. Some countries, including the United States of America, are led by a President. While a President is similar to a Prime Minister, presidents are elected by the voting public of his or her country. A Prime Minister, on the other hand, is the leader of the party that has the most elected members in parliament. A President is both the head of State and the head of government. [PAR] Countries such as France have both a President and a Prime Minister. In this case, the President is the head of State and the Prime Minister is the head of government. [PAR] How an Australian Prime Minister is appointed [PAR] The Australian Prime Minister is the leader of the party or parties which form the government in the House of Representatives. The"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ho Chi Minh - Vietnam War - HISTORY.com Ho Chi Minh - Vietnam War - HISTORY.com [PAR] Ho Chi Minh [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Ho Chi Minh first emerged as an outspoken voice for Vietnamese independence while living as a young man in France during World War I. Inspired by the Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the Communist Party and traveled to the Soviet Union. He helped found the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930 and the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or Viet Minh, in 1941. At World War II\u2019s end, Viet Minh forces seized the northern Vietnamese city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic State of Vietnam (or North Vietnam) with Ho as president. Known as \u201cUncle Ho,\u201d he would serve in that position for the next 25 years, becoming a symbol of Vietnam\u2019s struggle for unification during a long and costly conflict with the strongly anti-Communist regime in South Vietnam and its powerful ally, the United States. [PAR] Google [PAR] Ho Chi Minh: Early Life [PAR] Ho Chi Minh was born Nguyen Sinh Cung on May 19, 1890, in a village in central Vietnam (then part of French Indochina). In 1911, he found work as a cook on a French steamer and spent the next several years at sea, traveling to Africa, the United States and Britain, among other locations. By 1919, he was living in France, where he organized a group of Vietnamese immigrants and petitioned delegates at the Versailles Peace Conference to demand that the French colonial government in Indochina grant the same rights to its subjects as it did to its rulers. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In February 1967, Ho Chi Minh responded to a personal message from U.S. President Lyndon Johnson by announcing that the North Vietnamese would never negotiate under the threat of bombing. [PAR] Inspired by the success of Vladimir Lenin\u2019s Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the new French Communist Party in 1920 and traveled to Moscow three years later. He soon began recruiting members of a Vietnamese nationalist movement that would form the basis of the Indochinese Communist Party (founded in Hong Kong in 1930) and traveled the world, including Brussels, Paris and Siam (now Thailand), where he worked as a representative of the Communist International organization. [PAR] Ho Chi Minh: Founding of the Viet Minh and North Vietnam [PAR] When Germany defeated France in 1940, during World War II , Ho saw it as an opportunity for the Vietnamese nationalist cause. Around this time, he began to use the name Ho Chi Minh (roughly translated as \u201cBringer of Light\u201d). With his lieutenants Vo Nguyen Giap and Pham Van Dong, Ho returned to Vietnam in January 1941 and organized the Viet Minh, or League for the Independence of Vietnam. Forced to seek China\u2019s aid for the new organization, Ho was imprisoned for 18 months by Chiang Kai-Shek\u2019s anti-Communist government. [PAR] With the Allied victory in 1945, Japanese forces withdrew from Vietnam, leaving the French-educated Emperor Bao Dai in control of an independent Vietnam. Led by Vo Nguyen Giap, Viet Minh forces seized the northern city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic State of Vietnam (known commonly as North Vietnam) with Ho as president. Bao Dai abdicated in favor of the revolution, but French military troops gained control of southern Vietnam, including Saigon, and Chiang Kai-Shek\u2019s Chinese forces moved into the north according to the terms of an Allied agreement. Ho began negotiations with the French in efforts to achieve a Chinese withdrawal as well as eventual French recognition of Vietnam\u2019s independence and reunification of North and South"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Do not go gentle into that good night | Academy of ... Do not go gentle into that good night - Poems | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox [PAR] sign up [PAR] His Morning Meditations by Jay Parini [PAR] poetic forms [PAR] read this poet's poems [PAR] Dylan Marlais Thomas was born on October 27, 1914, in Swansea, South Wales. His father was an English Literature professor at the local grammar school and would often recite Shakespeare to Thomas before he could read. He loved the sounds of nursery rhymes, foreshadowing his love for the rhythmic ballads of Gerard Manley Hopkins , W. B. Yeats , and Edgar Allan Poe . Although both of his parents spoke fluent Welsh, Thomas and his older sister never learned the language, and Thomas wrote exclusively in English. [PAR] Thomas was a neurotic, sickly child who shied away from school and preferred reading on his own. He read all of D. H. Lawrence 's poetry, impressed by vivid descriptions of the natural world. Fascinated by language, he excelled in English and reading but neglected other subjects. He dropped out of school at sixteen to become a junior reporter for the South Wales Daily Post. [PAR] By December of 1932, he left his job at the Post and decided to concentrate on his poetry full-time. It was during this time, in his late teens, that Thomas wrote more than half of his collected poems. [PAR] In 1934, when Thomas was twenty, he moved to London, won the Poet's Corner book prize, and published his first book, 18 Poems (The Fortune press), to great acclaim. The book drew from a collection of poetry notebooks that Thomas had written years earlier, as would many of his most popular books. During this period of success, Thomas also began a habit of alcohol abuse. [PAR] Unlike his contemporaries, T. S. Eliot and W. H. Auden , Thomas was not concerned with exhibiting themes of social and intellectual issues, and his writing, with its intense lyricism and highly charged emotion, has more in common with the Romantic tradition. [PAR] Thomas describes his technique in a letter: \"I make one image\u2014though 'make' is not the right word; I let, perhaps, an image be 'made' emotionally in me and then apply to it what intellectual & critical forces I possess\u2014let it breed another, let that image contradict the first, make, of the third image bred out of the other two together, a fourth contradictory image, and let them all, within my imposed formal limits, conflict.\" [PAR] Two years after the publication of 18 Poems, Thomas met the dancer Caitlin Macnamara at a pub in London. At the time, she was the mistress of painter Augustus John. Macnamara and Thomas engaged in an affair and married in 1937. Despite the passionate love letters Thomas would write to her, the marriage was turbulent, with rumors of both having multiple affairs. [PAR] About Thomas's work, Michael Schmidt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oedipus | Greek mythology | Britannica.com Oedipus | Greek mythology | Britannica.com [PAR] Greek mythology [PAR] Antigone [PAR] Oedipus, in Greek mythology , the king of Thebes who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. Homer related that Oedipus\u2019s wife and mother hanged herself when the truth of their relationship became known, though Oedipus apparently continued to rule at Thebes until his death. In the post-Homeric tradition, most familiar from Sophocles \u2019 Oedipus Rex (or Oedipus the King) and Oedipus at Colonus, there are notable differences in emphasis and detail. [PAR] Oedipus and the Sphinx, interior of an Attic red-figured \u2026 [PAR] Album/Oronoz/SuperStock [PAR] According to one version of the story, Laius, king of Thebes, was warned by an oracle that his son would slay him. Accordingly, when his wife, Jocasta ( Iocaste ; in Homer, Epicaste), bore a son, he had the baby exposed (a form of infanticide ) on Cithaeron . (Tradition has it that his name, which means \u201cSwollen-Foot,\u201d was a result of his feet having been pinned together, but modern scholars are skeptical of that etymology.) A shepherd took pity on the infant, who was adopted by King Polybus of Corinth and his wife and was brought up as their son. In early manhood Oedipus visited Delphi and upon learning that he was fated to kill his father and marry his mother, he resolved never to return to Corinth. [PAR] The blind Oedipus asks Creon to banish him from Thebes. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Traveling toward Thebes, he encountered Laius, who provoked a quarrel in which Oedipus killed him. Continuing on his way, Oedipus found Thebes plagued by the Sphinx , who put a riddle to all passersby and destroyed those who could not answer. Oedipus solved the riddle, and the Sphinx killed herself. In reward, he received the throne of Thebes and the hand of the widowed queen, his mother, Jocasta. They had four children: Eteocles, Polyneices, Antigone , and Ismene. Later, when the truth became known, Jocasta committed suicide, and Oedipus (according to another version), after blinding himself, went into exile, accompanied by Antigone and Ismene, leaving his brother-in-law Creon as regent. Oedipus died at Colonus near Athens , where he was swallowed into the earth and became a guardian hero of the land. [PAR] Similar Topics[DOC] [TLE] Greek and Roman Mythology - Fact Monster Greek and Roman Mythology [PAR] Greek and Roman Mythology [PAR] Arts and Entertainment > Mythology [PAR] Greek and Roman Mythology [PAR] Most of the Greek deities were adopted by the Romans, although in many cases there was a change of name. In the list below, information is given under the Greek name; the name in parentheses is the Roman equivalent. However, all Latin names are listed with cross-references to the Greek ones. In addition, there are several deities that are exclusively Roman. Bold words within entries indicate cross references. [PAR] Achelous: River god; son of Oceanus and Tethys and said to be the father of the Sirens . [PAR] Achilles: Greek warrior; slew Hector at Troy; slain by Paris, who wounded him in his vulnerable heel. [PAR] Actaeon: Hunter; surprised Artemis bathing; changed by her to stag; and killed by his dogs. [PAR] Admetus: King of Thessaly; his wife, Alcestis, offered to die in his place. [PAR] Adonis: Beautiful youth loved by Aphrodite. [PAR] Aeacus: One of three judges of dead in Hades; son of Zeus. [PAR] Ae\u00ebtes: King of Colchis; father of Medea; keeper of Golden Fleece. [PAR] Aegeus: Father of Theseus; believing Theseus killed in Crete, he drowned himself; Aegean Sea named for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birds of Prey - Wilbur Smith - Worldwide Bestselling Author Wilbur Smith - Worldwide Bestselling Author : Books and Films : The Courtney Novels [PAR] Wilbur Smith - Worldwide Bestselling Author [PAR] \u201cWhen it comes to writing the adventure novel, Wilbur Smith is the master; a 21st Century H. Rider Haggard\u201d - Vanity Fair. [PAR] Search [PAR] Extracts [PAR] Part of the 'Courtney' series [PAR] It is 1667 and the mighty naval war between the Dutch and the English still rages. Sir Francis Courteney and his son Hal, in their fighting caravel, are on patrol off Southern Africa, lying in wait for a galleon of the Dutch East India Company returning from the Orient laden with spices, timber and gold. [PAR] From the very first pages, Wilbur Smith spins a colourful and exciting tale, crackling with tension and drama, that builds to a stunning climax. [PAR] Packed with vivid descriptive passages of the open seas, and an extraordinary cast of characters, Birds of Prey is a masterpiece from a storyteller at the height of his powers. [PAR] Reviews [PAR] \"Smith's novel is far more than your typical pirate script ... A fascinating account ... Smith deftly evokes not only the horrific but also the beautiful, particularly the lush landscape of Africa.\" -- The Washington Post Book World [PAR] \"A rousing adventure story ... Smith is a captivating storyteller. His writing is fast-paces yet richly textured. His characters are unique and intriguing ... As with Smith's previous two bestsellers, River God and The Seventh Scroll , this latest epic transcends the average action-adventure yarn.\" -- The Orlando Sentinel [PAR] \"Smith know what his readers want, and once again he delivers the goods.\" \u2013 Publishers Weekly [PAR] 'Wilbur Smith carries all the powerful drama and rich emotions of a bygone time into his action packed tale of the sea. BIrds Of Prey is magnificent story of adventure, he enthralled the world of readers once again.' \u2013 The Daily Mail [PAR] 'The scope is magnificent and the epic scale breathtaking ... Wilbur Smith is one of those benchmarks against whom others are compared' [PAR] \u2013 The Times [PAR] 'A gripping tale, relentless in its flow, that evokes a more colourful age - one of passion and a majesty of spirit that is seldom illustrated with such nerve' \u2013 Express [PAR] 'Meticulous research support constant excitement in a fast-moving tale' \u2013 Washington Post [PAR] 'Birds of Prey is a wonderful novel filled with excitement, pirates, and vivid sea battles ... In short, it is vintage Wilbur Smith' \u2013 Times Record News (Wichita Falls, Texas) [PAR] Listen to an Audio Extract from 'Birds of Prey' [PAR] Text Extract from 'Birds of Prey' [PAR] The boy clutched at the rim of the canvas bucket in which he crouched sixty feet above the deck as the ship went about. The mast canted over sharply as she thrust her head through the wind. The ship was a caravel named the Lady Edwina, after the mother whom the boy could barely remember. [PAR] Far below in the pre-dawn darkness he heard the great bronze culverins slat against their blocks and come up with a thump against their straining tackle. The hull throbbed and resonated to a different impulse as she swung round and went plunging away back into the west. With the south-east wind now astern she was transformed, lighter and more limber, even with sails reefed and with three feet of water in her bilges. [PAR] It was all so familiar to Hal Courtney. He had greeted the last five and sixty dawns from the masthead"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Things I Hate About You (1999) - IMDb 10 Things I Hate About You (1999) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] 10 Things I Hate About You ( 1999 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] A pretty, popular teenager can't go out on a date until her ill-tempered older sister does. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 08 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 24 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 14 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: 10 Things I Hate About You (1999) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Cady Heron is a hit with The Plastics, the A-list girl clique at her new school, until she makes the mistake of falling for Aaron Samuels, the ex-boyfriend of alpha Plastic Regina George. [PAR] Director: Mark Waters [PAR] A rich high school student tries to boost a new pupil's popularity, but reckons without affairs of the heart getting in the way. [PAR] Director: Amy Heckerling [PAR] A clean-cut high school student relies on the school's rumor mill to advance her social and financial standing. [PAR] Director: Will Gluck [PAR] A girl makes a wish on her 13th birthday and wakes up the next day as a 30-year-old woman. [PAR] Director: Gary Winick [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] When her brother decides to ditch for a couple weeks in London, Viola heads over to his elite boarding school, disguises herself as him, and proceeds to fall for one of her soccer teammates. Little does she realize she's not the only one with romantic troubles, as she, as he, gets in the middle of a series of intermingled love affairs. [PAR] Director: Andy Fickman [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] Benjamin Barry is an advertising executive and ladies' man who, to win a big campaign, bets that he can make a woman fall in love with him in 10 days. Andie Anderson covers the \"How To\" beat for \"Composure\" magazine and is assigned to write an article on \"How to Lose a Guy in 10 days.\" They meet in a bar shortly after the bet is made. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] A smart but sensible new graduate lands a job as an assistant to Miranda Priestly, the demanding editor-in-chief of a high fashion magazine. [PAR] Director: David Frankel [PAR] When a blonde sorority queen is dumped by her boyfriend, she decides to follow him to law school to get him back and, once there, learns she has more legal savvy than she ever imagined. [PAR] Director: Robert Luketic [PAR] A pushy boss forces her young assistant to marry her in order to keep her visa status in the U.S. and avoid deportation to Canada. [PAR] Director: Anne Fletcher [PAR] A young man and woman decide to take their friendship"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV ACRES: Quotations > Signoffs > Celebrity (M-Z) TV ACRES: Quotations > Signoffs > Celebrity (M-Z) [PAR] A - L / M -Z [PAR] \"May all your consequences by happy ones\" - Signoff used on the game show TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES/CBS/NBC/SYN/1950-87. Emceed by Ralph Edwards (later Jack Bailey, Steve Dunne, Bob Barker, Bob Hilton and Larry Anderson), this program was the first game show to use stunts. If the contestant couldn't answer the emcee's silly question, they had to pay the consequences by participating in a silly stunt. [PAR] \"Mmmmm-WAH!\" - The sound of Dinah Shore's classic kiss goodnight at the end of her musical/variety program THE DINAH SHORE SHOW/NBC/1951-57. On the first night of her show quite by accident Dinah came up with a gimmick that became her trademark. When it became apparent that the show had run some 30 seconds short, Dinah had to stretch the final scene. Taking the suggestion of set designer, Alan Handley, she blew an exaggerated kiss \"Mmmmm-WAH!\" to the audience off the palm of her hand. After the first week Dinah forgot to give her good night kiss to the audience and the fans followed up with letters of concern asking her if she \"didn't love them anymore.\" The kiss soon became a permanent part of her act. Alan Handley got the idea from a cute little blonde who did a show called MARY KAYE'S NIGHTCAP, a program aired right before the station signed-off each night. Wearing a frilly nightgown and cuddled up on a bed, she announced the highlights of the next day's programming and then ended the show by daintily kissing the palm of her hand and gently blowing the kiss at the television audience (TV Guide 1/15-21/77 p. 27). [PAR] TRIVIA NOTE: Another program that used the kiss goodbye was THE DATING GAME/ABC/SYN/1965-80 & 1988-89 originally emceed by Jim Lange. Each program ended with a big kiss to the audience that turned into a friendly goodbye wave. [PAR] \"Peace\" - Signoff used by Dave Garroway, early host of the TODAY SHOW on NBC beginning in January 1952. He closed each program with an upraised hand and the single word \"Peace.\" A former disc jockey, Dave Garroway originally hosted his own variety program GARROWAY AT LARGE/NBC/1949-51 where he first used his trademark closing phrase \"Peace.\" In April of 1961, Dave Garroway's wife died and in July he left the TODAY program after nine years. He closed the program with his \"Peace\" signoff to the accompaniment of Lionel Hampton's version of \"Sentimental Journey\"-Garroway's theme song. In 1988 Arsenio Hall, the late night talk show host of THE ARSENIO HALL SHOW/SYN/1988-93 began to use the same signoff and occasionally added the phrase \"Peace and think number one\" (a sentiment to always reach for the top in whatever you do). [PAR] TRIVIA NOTE: As a bit of odd trivia, Dave Garroway was born July 13, 1913 at 13 Van Valson Street in the 13th Ward of Schenectady, New York. In 1982 Garroway died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Reportedly, he was despondent over his health after having open-heart surgery in 1981. [PAR] \"Say goodnight, Dick\" - Rip off of the classic ending of George Burns and Gracie Allen \"Say good night, Gracie\" used on the conclusion of comedy variety program ROWAN AND MARTIN'S LAUGH-IN/NBC/1968-73. When Dan Rowan asked his partner Dick Martin to \"Say goodnight, Dick\" after he had enough of his silliness, Dick responded \"Goodnight Dick\" [PAR] \"Say goodnight, Gracie\" - What comedian George Burns said to his wife, Gracie Allen at the conclusion of every episode of the sitcom THE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Adam Hargreaves: 'The Mr Men will always be part of me ... Adam Hargreaves: 'The Mr Men will always be part of me' - Telegraph [PAR] Author interviews [PAR] Adam Hargreaves: 'The Mr Men will always be part of me' [PAR] As the Mr Men books celebrate their 40th anniversary, Roger Hargreaves' son Adam reveals how, at the age of 8, he inspired his father to create the first character, Mr Tickle [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 5 [PAR] Adam Hargreaves, son of Mr Men creator Roger Hargreaves, at home in Stonegate, East Sussex Photo: GEOFF PUGH[DOC] [TLE] Mr Men Complete Library - 47 Books - Children's Classics Mr Men Complete Library - 47 Books - New Hardcover Set [PAR] Mr Men Complete Library - 47 Books - New Hardcover Set [PAR] Mr Men Complete Library - 47 Books - New Hardcover Set [PAR] My Mr Men Complete Library - New Hardcover Set! [PAR] Author : Roger Hargreaves [PAR] Format : 47 HARDCOVER books in display case [PAR] Dimensions : Each book is 14cm x 13cm x 0.5cm. The case is 31cm x 15cm x 15cm [PAR] [PAR] Mr Men and Little Miss History [PAR] Roger Hargreaves is the author of the Mr Men and Little Miss children's book series. The Mr Men series began in 1971, and now consists of 46 books published in English. The Little Miss series began in 1981, and is comprised of 33 books published in English. After Hargreaves' death in 1988, his son, Adam Hargreaves, began writing and illustrating new stories involving the Mr. Men and Little Miss characters, including the creation of ten new characters, four of which were inspired by work Roger Hargreaves had produced before his death. [PAR] Mr. Tickle was the first Mr. Men character created by Hargreaves after his son, Adam, asked him what a tickle looked like: a round, orange figure with long, bendy arms. Each book in the original Mr. Men and Little Miss series introduced a different title character and their single dominant trait in order to convey a double simple moral lesson. The Mr. Men and Little Miss characters would frequently reappear in the later books of other characters. The books' simple and silly stories, with bright-coloured, boldly drawn illustrations, made them quite popular, with sales over 100 million worldwide in 22 languages. [PAR] [PAR] Roger Hargreaves History [PAR] Charles Roger Hargreaves (9 May 1935 \u2013 11 September 1988) was an English author and illustrator of children's books, notably the Mr. Men and Little Miss series, intended for very young readers. The books' simple and silly stories, with bright-coloured, boldly drawn illustrations, have been part of popular culture for over 25 years, with sales over 100 million worldwide in 15 languages [PAR] Hargreaves was born in a private hospital at 201 Bath Road, Cleckheaton, West Yorkshire, England, to Alfred Reginald and Ethel Mary Hargreaves, and grew up in High Lees, 703 Halifax Road, also in Cleckheaton, outside of which there now is a commemorative plaque. He spent a year working in his father's laundry and dry-cleaning business before starting out in advertising. But his original ambition was to be a cartoonist; and, in 1971, while he was working as the creative director at a London firm, he wrote the first Mr. Men book, Mr. Tickle. He initially had difficulty finding a publisher; but, once he did, the books became an instant success, selling over one million copies within three years. In 1975 it spawned a BBC animated television series, narrated and voiced by Arthur Lowe. [PAR] By 1976, Hargreaves had quit his day"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 6 Absurd Phobias (And The People Who Actually Have Them ... 6 Absurd Phobias (And The People Who Actually Have Them) [PAR] 6 Absurd Phobias (And The People Who Actually Have Them) [PAR] NFL Reviewing Touchdown Celebration Penalty Rules [PAR] In a relatively safe world, the part of our brain that alerts us to danger just seems to get bored sometimes. Thus, phobias (from the Latin \"phobus\" meaning \"Seriously, you're scared of that?\") are born. [PAR] Psychology has compiled thousands of phobias, to the point that it seems somebody in the field has made a hobby of inventing them. But there are some truly ridiculous ones that actually do affect people, including some people you know. Such as ... [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] What is it? [PAR] Fear of bright colors. [PAR] Imagine you're strolling down a main thoroughfare and you chance upon a vast panorama of leather regalia, rainbow flags and colorfully decorated floats. You've stumbled upon the most flamboyant section of the gay pride parade. Suddenly, you feel an uneasiness giving way to terror, but you're not sure why. Congratulations, you're the proud owner of chromophobia, the fear of bright colors. Or you're just a homophobe. Shame on you. [PAR] Famous Chromophobes: [PAR] Billy Bob Thornton, a man who housed just enough crazy to land Angelina Jolie, has plenty of other crazy to accessorize with it. On top of being an admitted chromophobe, he has a recorded history of fearing plastic cutlery, as well as antique furniture . [PAR] He refuses to inhabit a room with furniture built before 1950, which we guess means he has to maintain an entourage of several qualified antique appraisers or carbon-dating specialists. [PAR] Worst case scenario for a chromophobe: [PAR] Vegas. [PAR] What is it? [PAR] Fear of butterflies. [PAR] The savagery of nature can be chilling. Lepidopterophobes remind us that were it not for the advent of long sleeve shirts, we would all be completely exposed to the rabid butterfly hordes fluttering about. Despite their taking great pains to warn humanity about the iradescent-winged scourge at IHateButterflies.com , the rest of us stubbornly insist on living our lives in relative calm. Guess who will be laughing last when our bones are picked clean by voracious butterfly proboscises? [PAR] Famous Lepidopterophobes: [PAR] Nicole Kidman. So if you were wondering what sort of person believes butterflies are a source of unspeakable peril, first ask yourself if this person would buy into Tom Cruise's heterosexuality long enough to marry him. This principal of psychology is not formally called the Nicole Kidman Principle, but give it time. [PAR] Though in all fairness to Nicole, we don't know if this psychosis predates exposure to Cruise or not . If Katie Holmes succumbs to the phobia we'll have confirmation that he's the outbreak monkey for this particular brand of crazy. [PAR] Worst case scenario for a lepidopterophobe: [PAR] Sitting in the back row of a Phish concert, guaranteeing a dozen of these in view at any time: [PAR] \u2193 Continue Reading Below [PAR] What is it? [PAR] Fear of clowns. [PAR] Some of you will say there should be a name for when people aren't afraid of clowns, since this proud lineage of entertainers has long been the object of scorn and outright fear. But why? Sure, they associate with scary carny folk, and yes, they cloak their emotions with makeup that gives them the pallor of the undead. And sure, their distorted features inspire images of demonic possession and evil incarnate. [PAR] But it's not like a clown has ever hurt anyone. Unless you count"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Young - My Neighbours Wiki - Wikia Mike Young | My Neighbours Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Michael \u201c Mike\u201d Young is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, [PAR] played by Guy Pearce. He made his first on- screen appearance on 20th January 1986. Mike\u2019s storylines included being physically abused by his father, moving in with Des and Daphane Clarke, making friends with Charlene Mitchell and Scott Robinson, his relationship with Jane Harris and becoming a teacher. Mike departed Erinsborough to be with his mother, on 6th December 1989. [PAR] Character creation and casting [PAR] When he was 18, Pearce\u2019s drama teacher advised him to TV companies asking for auditions and he wrote to the Grundy Organisation, which produced Neighbours at the time. Pearce was then the cast as the troubled and lonely Mike Young. Following his last year 12 exam, he began filming on 3rd December 1985. Seven Network dropped Neighbours shortly after Pearce joined the cast, but Network Ten soon picked the show up and Pearce\u2019s debut was shown in episode number 171, the first episode broadcast on Ten. In 1989, the Neighbours producers did not want Pearce to play Errol Flynn in a biopic film and Pearce decided to leave the show. Of being apart of Neighbours, Pearce said \u201c I experienced hysteria at a pretty high pitch with that show. Pearce also added \u201c I\u2019m not embarrassed by having done it now, not at all. It was an amazing experience, an amazing opportunity. And I was also 18. [PAR] Storylines [PAR] Background: Michael \u201c Mike\u201d Young and his mother, Barbara, lived in fear of being beaten up and abused by Mike\u2019s father, David, throughout Mike\u2019s young life. This meant Mike grew up into a lonely, quiet young man who didn\u2019t socialise much until he began attending Erinsborough High School and became good friends with Charlene Mitchell and Scott Robinson. [PAR] 1986- 1989: Through his friendship with Scott, Mike came to Ramsay Street and befriend Scott\u2019s neighbour Daphane Clarke, who cared for him, later giving him a part- time job at her coffee shop. Mike opened up to Daphane and Des about his problems at home with his father and Daphane tried to get Mike and Barbara away from David. However, Barbara was too scared of her husband and she didn\u2019t want to leave, but Mike was determined to go and moved in with Des and Daphane when they offered to become his illegal guardians. Mike briefly dated Scott\u2019s cousin Nikki Dennison, but he later fell for Jane Harris when she moved in with her grandmother, Mrs Mangle. Jane fell for Mike straight away, but it look a while before Mike realised his feelings due to Jane\u2019s plain image. Helen Daniels and Daphane gave her a makeover for a school dance, which consisted of replacing her glasses with contacts, a new haircut and makeup. Mike liked her new image and they began dating. Mrs Mangle wasn\u2019t happy that her granddaughter was dating Mike and when she received letters about Mike\u2019s \u2019 reputation\u2019 with other girls, Mrs Mangle stopped Jane from seeing him. Daphane eventually caught with school bully Sue Parker posting the letters because she was jealous of Mike and Jane\u2019s relationship. Mrs Mangle then let Jane and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helianthus annuus Sunflower, Common sunflower PFAF Plant ... Helianthus annuus Sunflower, Common sunflower PFAF Plant Database [PAR] Physical Characteristics [PAR] [PAR] Helianthus annuus is a ANNUAL growing to 3 m (9ft) by 0.3 m (1ft in) at a fast rate. [PAR] It is hardy to zone (UK) 7 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from Jul to September, and the seeds ripen from Sep to October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, flies.The plant is not self-fertile. [PAR] It is noted for attracting wildlife. [PAR] Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. [PAR] Synonyms [PAR] Edible Uses: Coffee ; Oil . [PAR] Seed - raw or cooked[4, 14, 94, 101, 183]. A delicious nut-like flavour, but very fiddly to extract due to the small size of the seed. Commercially there are machines designed to do this. Rich in fats, the seed can be ground into a powder[95], made into sunflower butter or used to make seed yoghurt. When mixed with cereal flours, it makes a nutritious bread[244]. Cultivars with up to 50% oil have been developed in Russia[218]. The oil contains between 44 - 72% linoleic acid[218]. The germinated seed is said to be best for seed yoghurt, it is blended with water and left to ferment[183]. The sprouted seed can be eaten raw[183]. A nutritional analysis of the seed is available[218]. Young flower buds - steamed and served like globe artichokes[2, 85, 101, 117, 183]. A mild and pleasant enough flavour, but rather fiddly[K]. Average yields range from 900 - 1,575 kg/ha of seed, however yields of over 3,375 kg/ha have been reported[269]. A high quality edible semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed[4]. It is low in cholesterol[244], and is said to be equal in quality to olive oil[4]. Used in salads, margarines, or in cooking[2, 34, 46, 57, 94, 95, 183, 269]. The roasted seed is a coffee and drinking chocolate substitute[4, 7, 100, 102]. Another report says the roasted hulls are used[183]. The leaf petioles are boiled and mixed in with other foodstuffs[7]. [PAR] Composition [PAR] Figures in grams (g) or miligrams (mg) per 100g of food. [PAR] Seed (Fresh weight) [PAR] Notes: [PAR] Medicinal Uses [PAR] Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. [PAR] Antipsoriatic ; Antirheumatic ; Diuretic ; Expectorant ; Febrifuge ; Stomachic . [PAR] A tea made from the leaves is astringent, diuretic and expectorant, it is used in the treatment of high fevers[222]. The crushed leaves are used as a poultice on sores, swellings, snakebites and spider bites[222, 257]. The leaves are harvested as the plant comes into flower and are dried for later use[238]. A tea made from the flowers is used in the treatment of malaria and lung ailments[222, 257]. The flowering head and seeds are febrifuge, nutritive and stomachic[7]. The seed is also considered to be diuretic and expectorant[4, 218, 222]. It has been used with success in the treatment of many pulmonary complaints[4]. A decoction of the roots has been used as a warm wash on rheumatic aches and pains[257]. [PAR] Other Uses [PAR] Blotting paper ; Dye ; Fibre ; Fuel ; Green manure ; Herbicide ; Kindling ; Microscope ; Oil ; Paper ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Foreign Body Retrieval - RadiologyInfo.org Foreign Body Retrieval [PAR] Site Index A-Z [PAR] Foreign Body Retrieval [PAR] Foreign body retrieval is the removal of objects or substances that have been introduced into the body. Objects may be inhaled into the airway, swallowed or lodged in the throat or stomach, or embedded in the soft tissues. About 80 percent of foreign body ingestions occur among children. Most foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complication, and endoscopic or surgical intervention is required only 10 to 20 percent of the time. [PAR] Evaluation and treatment will depend on the type of foreign body and how it was introduced. If it was swallowed, you may undergo a direct examination of your throat and esophagus or an x-ray examination. If it is lodged in a soft tissue, such as a splinter embedded under the skin, you may undergo an ultrasound, x-ray or CT scan to locate and remove the object. Tell your doctor if there\u2019s a possibility you are pregnant and discuss any recent illnesses, medical conditions, medications you\u2019re taking and allergies, especially to iodinated contrast materials. Leave jewelry at home and wear loose, comfortable clothing. You may be asked to wear a gown. [PAR] What are the limitations of foreign body detection and removal? [PAR] What is Foreign Body Retrieval? [PAR] Foreign body retrieval involves the removal of potentially dangerous objects or substances in the body that have been introduced from the outside. They can be inhaled into the airway or swallowed and enter the esophagus and stomach either accidentally or intentionally, or introduced into the soft tissues. Commonly swallowed objects include coins, buttons, pins, nails, glass pieces, toothpicks, batteries, small toys or pieces of toys and fish bones. Swallowing of magnets can cause significant problems including bowel blockages that may require surgical removal of magnets. [PAR] Children account for about 80 percent of foreign body ingestions. Sometimes problems occur when button batteries are swallowed as mercury within the batteries can leak into the bowel and cause mercury poisoning. Magnetic toys can obstruct the bowel when they stick together. [PAR] Foreign bodies in the throat or stomach: [PAR] Some ingested foreign bodies cause no symptoms. Alternatively, the patient may experience a sensation of something being stuck in their throat or esophagus. Drooling and difficulty swallowing are common symptoms. A small sharp object may become lodged in the esophagus and cause pain, even though they are able to swallow. Larger foreign bodies can partially or completely obstruct the stomach, the small intestine or, in rare cases, the large intestine, causing cramps, bloating, loss of appetite, vomiting, and sometimes fever. A sharp object that pierces the stomach or intestines can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, fainting and shock. [PAR] Foreign bodies in the airway: [PAR] Most foreign bodies in the airway are usually expelled through coughing. However, some foreign bodies may move from the throat into the bronchial branches. This can cause the patient to cough, but the foreign body remains trapped in the lung. This typically occurs in children and requires removal by bronchoscopy. [PAR] Foreign bodies in the soft tissues: [PAR] A soft tissue foreign body is an outside object like a splinter, rock or piece of metal or glass that gets embedded in the tissue under the skin. Soft tissue foreign bodies can cause infection and damage to surrounding tissues. [PAR] top of page [PAR] What are some common uses of the procedure? [PAR] Foreign body retrieval is used to remove one or more foreign objects that have been ingested through the mouth or airway or introduced into the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lion of Judah - Rasta Seed Lion of Judah [PAR] Mar [PAR] Lion of Judah [PAR] Lion of Judah in the Rastafarian livity is the emblem or symbol of Ras Tafari, otherwise known as former Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie . According to Rastafarian way, Selassie was the Messiah, the second coming of Christ referenced in the Book of Revelation : [PAR] \u201cthe hair of whose head was like wool, whose feet were like unto burning brass. \u201c [PAR] Taken from the heraldic symbol of the biblical Tribe of Judah (from which Selassie is believed to have descended), the lion represents to Rastafarians Selassie as the \u201cKing of Kings,\u201d as the lion is King; representing the lineage of the King from the Tribes of Israel. The emblem was once worn by the Emperor as a signet. [PAR] The standard carried in the lion\u2019s mouth is the flag of Ethiopia, the crown that of the Emperor. [PAR] King Selassie I is the three hundred and thirteen king of all the kings of Ethiopia and the one hundred and thirteenth king of the christian empire. He is also the 225th in a direct bloodline of the Ethiopian monarch, Menelik being the first. Menelik was the son of Queen of Sheba and king Solomon who is the son of David king of Israel. [PAR] \u201cPrince shall come out of Egypt, and Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hand unto JAH\u201d (psalm 68.vrs:31) [PAR] \u201cAnd one of the elder said unto me, weep not, behold the LION of the tribe of judah, the root of king David hath prevailed to open the book and to loose the seven seals thereof\u201d (rev. 5 ver:5). [PAR] Rastafarians accept some portions of the Hebrew and Christian bibles- an edited Bible, the \u201c Holy Piby ,\u201d written in 1913, is often cited as the Rastafarian scripture. The Kebra Negast, a book purporting to outline the lineage of Kings from Solomon, is also important in establishing the lineage of Emperor Selassie. [PAR] Rastas avoid what they view as the materialistic and corrupt (white) culture, which is called \u201cBabylon,\u201d a world of illusion similar to the Buddhist concept of Maya. Rastafarian theology emphasises individual apprehension of God (called Jah), and one who is \u201cdread,\u201d that is, God-fearing, an approach to spirituality that is referred to theologically as theosis, or God-becoming. [PAR] Rastas have also adopted a form of the Hindu belief in Avatars , holding that Haile Selassie was the last of four incarnations of God which includes Moses, the Hebrew Prophet Elija, and Jesus. Ras Tafari (Selassie) is believed to come from the unbroken line of Kings going back to the biblical Solomon, and is widely perceived as the second coming of Christ. [PAR] Rasta faithful revere Ganja (marijuana) as a sacrament that aids in the discovery of the \u201cI in I,\u201d the true form/will of Jah. Followers are expected to live as pure a lifestyle as possible, avoiding vice an materialistic desires. [PAR] Among the prophecies is the expected exodus known as \u201cBack to Africa,\u201d when Jah will give the signal for Rastafarians to \u2018return\u2019 to Ethiopia. there are three sects of Rastafarianism: Bobo Shanti (a seperatist order who ahere to Old Testament law), (the oldest sect, named for Queen Nyahbinghi of Uganda), and Twelve Tribes, who believe themselves descendents of the twelve tribes of David. [PAR] Spiritual kinsmenHaile Selassie [PAR] Knowing that material and spiritual progress are essential to man, we must ceaselessly work for the equal attainment of both. Only then shall We be able to acquire that absolute inner-calm, so necessary to our well-being."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Othello: Plot Overview SparkNotes: Othello: Plot Overview [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] Othello begins on a street in Venice, in the midst of an argument between Roderigo, a rich man, and Iago. Roderigo has been paying Iago to help him in his suit to Desdemona. But Roderigo has just learned that Desdemona has married Othello, a general whom Iago begrudgingly serves as ensign. Iago says he hates Othello, who recently passed him over for the position of lieutenant in favor of the inexperienced soldier Michael Cassio. [PAR] Unseen, Iago and Roderigo cry out to Brabanzio that his daughter Desdemona has been stolen by and married to Othello, the Moor. Brabanzio finds that his daughter is indeed missing, and he gathers some officers to find Othello. Not wanting his hatred of Othello to be known, Iago leaves Roderigo and hurries back to Othello before Brabanzio sees him. At Othello\u2019s lodgings, Cassio arrives with an urgent message from the duke: Othello\u2019s help is needed in the matter of the imminent Turkish invasion of Cyprus. Not long afterward, Brabanzio arrives with Roderigo and others, and accuses Othello of stealing his daughter by witchcraft. When he finds out that Othello is on his way to speak with the duke, -Brabanzio decides to go along and accuse Othello before the assembled senate. [PAR] Brabanzio\u2019s plan backfires. The duke and senate are very sympathetic toward Othello. Given a chance to speak for himself, Othello explains that he wooed and won Desdemona not by witchcraft but with the stories of his adventures in travel and war. The duke finds Othello\u2019s explanation convincing, and Desdemona herself enters at this point to defend her choice in marriage and to announce to her father that her allegiance is now to her husband. Brabanzio is frustrated, but acquiesces and allows the senate meeting to resume. The duke says that Othello must go to Cyprus to aid in the defense against the Turks, who are headed for the island. Desdemona insists that she accompany her husband on his trip, and preparations are made for them to depart that night. [PAR] In Cyprus the following day, two gentlemen stand on the shore with Montano, the governor of Cyprus. A third gentleman arrives and reports that the Turkish fleet has been wrecked in a storm at sea. Cassio, whose ship did not suffer the same fate, arrives soon after, followed by a second ship carrying Iago, Roderigo, Desdemona, and Emilia, Iago\u2019s wife. Once they have landed, Othello\u2019s ship is sighted, and the group goes to the harbor. As they wait for Othello, Cassio greets Desdemona by clasping her hand. Watching them, Iago tells the audience that he will use \u201cas little a web as this\u201d hand-holding to ensnare Cassio (II.i.169). [PAR] Othello arrives, greets his wife, and announces that there will be reveling that evening to celebrate Cyprus\u2019s safety from the Turks. Once everyone has left, Roderigo complains to Iago that he has no chance of breaking up Othello\u2019s marriage. Iago assures Roderigo that as soon as Desdemona\u2019s \u201cblood is made dull with the act of sport,\u201d she will lose interest in Othello and seek sexual satisfaction elsewhere (II.i.222). However, Iago warns that \u201celsewhere\u201d will likely be with Cassio. Iago counsels Roderigo that he should cast Cassio into disgrace by starting a fight with Cassio at the evening\u2019s revels. In a soliloquy, Iago explains to the audience that eliminating Cassio is the first crucial step in his plan to ruin Othello. That night, Iago gets Cassio drunk and then sends Roderigo to start a fight with him."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aldi Foods - Grocery.com Aldi Foods - Grocery.com [PAR] Aldi Foods [PAR] Aldi , short for Albrecht Discount, is an international discount supermarket chain based in Germany. [PAR] History [PAR] In 1946, brothers Karl and Theo Albrecht took over a small store in a suburb of Essen, Germany, their mother had opened in 1913. Soon after they opened another retail outlet nearby and by 1950 owned 13 stores in the Ruhr Valley. [PAR] A priority for the Albrecht brothers was cost cutting: by the end of World War II, they had nearly perfected the philosophy of the \u201climited assortment\u201d grocery store. The brothers did not advertise their business, did not sell fresh produce and kept their outlets small. [PAR] The brothers split the company in 1960s over a dispute about whether to sell cigarettes. By then, they had operated 300 shops and earned some DM 90 million per year. Two years after the split, which broke the chain into two legally and financially separate entities, they introduced the name Aldi. From then on, the Albrecht brothers\u2019 business operated as Aldi Nord (Aldi North), which was known as Aldi Market, and Aldi Sud (Aldi South). [PAR] The companies continued to expand, Aldi Nord growing into 35 independent regional branches with about 2,500 stores, and Aldi Sud growing into 31 companies with 1,600 stores. In the 1970s and 80s, after the German reunification and the fall of Iron Curtain, Aldi expanded internationally, eventually operating some 8,210 individual stores worldwide. Both Aldi Nord and Aldi Sud operate markets mainly in Europe, but Aldi Sud also operates in the United States and Australia, among other locations. [PAR] In 1976, Aldi opened its first American store in Southeastern Iowa, continuing to use the Albrect philosophy: \u201cWhen you buy a can of peas at Aldi, you\u2019re paying almost entirely for the can of peas.\u201d Aldi claims it saves customers money by leaving out the \u201carmy of stackers,\u201d \u201cpiped-in music,\u201d fancy display\u201d and \u201cgimmicks and games.\u201d [PAR] In order to offer less expensive items, Aldi manufactures its products without the various factors \u2014 packaging, transportation, stocking, staff turnover and others \u2014 that tack pennies on to the final price consumers pay. To further reduce cost to the consumer, Aldi encourages customers to bring their own shopping bags, but also offers grocery bags for sale. To further reduce costs, Aldi\u2019s shopping carts are available to rent for a quarter (deposit returned with the cart), thereby eliminating the need to pay an employee to recover carts. The store telephone numbers are unlisted to avoid needing an employee to answer the phone. Aldi\u2019s labor costs are about 4 percent of store sales. [PAR] Aldi stores sell their own brand label foods, beverages and inexpensive household items, including electronics and appliances. It limits the number of outside brands it sells, usually to one or two per product, in order to increase sales and keep Aldi stores smaller than supermarkets that offer more diversity for a similar range of products. Aldi does not accept manufacturers\u2019 coupons, although some stores in the U.S. experiment with a store coupon successfully. [PAR] Like some no frills, warehouse-style stores, Aldi does not decorate its aisles or fill all of its shelves. It offers pallets of its products, boxed in cardboard, which it places alongside aisles for customers to pick from. [PAR] The company maintained its policy of not advertising in Germany, with the exception of a weekly newsletter of special prices, because, it claims, the cost-saving measure can be passed down to consumers. In the U.S., Aldi advertises regularly through newspaper inserts and television"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English counties - Pictures of England - Exploring England ... Counties of England [PAR] Counties in England [PAR] Exploring the counties of England with history and pictures. [PAR] The history of the counties of England dates back to early Anglo-Saxon times when \u00e2\u0080\u0098shires\u00e2\u0080\u0099 were first formed as a way of raising taxes and when the nation of England was first created. These Anglo-Saxon shires usually had a fortified town at the centre, known back then as the \u00e2\u0080\u0098shire town\u00e2\u0080\u0099. The word \u00e2\u0080\u0098County\u00e2\u0080\u0099 came later, being first introduced by the Normans when they conquered England back in 1066 and has its origins in French, simply meaning a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a \u00e2\u0080\u0098Count\u00e2\u0080\u0099. [PAR] The words \u00e2\u0080\u0098county\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and \u00e2\u0080\u0098counties\u00e2\u0080\u0099 therefore are derived from French (from the Normans) but most of the county names themselves still kept (and retain today) their original Anglo-Saxon names, such as \u00e2\u0080\u0098Worcestershire\u00e2\u0080\u0099 or \u00e2\u0080\u0098Bedfordshire\u00e2\u0080\u0099 which is simply the name of the shire or county town, with the suffix of shire. [PAR] There are other counties however that got their name differently, such as Cornwall, and Devon, both of which take their names from the Celtic tribes that inhabited the regions, such as the \u00e2\u0080\u0098Cornovii\u00e2\u0080\u0099 in Cornwall . Other exceptions include todays Kent, which derives from the Kingdom of Kent, and Sussex (both East and West) and Essex. These names derive from the East Saxons (Essex) and the South Saxons (Sussex). The county names of Norfolk and Suffolk, derive from the \u00e2\u0080\u0098North Folk\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and \u00e2\u0080\u0098South Folk\u00e2\u0080\u0099 of the ancient Kingdom of East Anglia. [PAR] Each county link below will take you to the main county page where we list all the wonderful historic towns, villages and attractions that each county has to offer. You will also find a Picture Tour for each county, offering a diverse selection of the wonderful towns, attractions and varying landscapes. We hope you enjoy viewing the beautiful counties of England.."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Forint - definition of forint by The Free Dictionary Forint - definition of forint by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Forint - definition of forint by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/forint [PAR] [Hungarian, from Italian fiorino, florin; see florin.] [PAR] forint [PAR] (Currencies) the standard monetary unit of Hungary, divided into 100 fill\u00e9r [PAR] [from Hungarian, from Italian fiorino florin] [PAR] for\u2022int [PAR] the basic monetary unit of Hungary. [PAR] [1945\u201350; < Hungarian < Italian fiorino. See florin ] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Hungarian monetary unit - monetary unit in Hungary [PAR] filler - 100 filler equal 1 forint in Hungary [PAR] Translations [PAR] forint [PAR] forint [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] pengo [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] According to Hungary's central bank, the forint liquidity of the nation's banking sector rose slightly in March compared to a month before. [PAR] Central bank succession rumours hit Hungarian forint [PAR] The forint pulled back after hitting three-week highs last week, after both the IMF and the European Commission said they had received a request for possible financial assistance from Hungary, a move that could avert a sovereign ratings downgrade to junk. [PAR] Research and Markets: Hungary Petrochemicals Report Q1 2011 [PAR] 5 billion HUF, ie two billion - worth five hundred million forints [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] HUF - Hungarian Forint rates, news, and tools - XE.com HUF - Hungarian Forint rates, news, and tools [PAR] HUF - Hungarian Forint [PAR] Hungary, Forint [PAR] The Hungarian Forint is the currency of Hungary. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Hungary Forint exchange rate is the HUF to EUR rate . The currency code for Forint is HUF, and the currency symbol is Ft. Below, you'll find Hungarian Forint rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take HUF rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abuja | Define Abuja at Dictionary.com Abuja | Define Abuja at Dictionary.com [PAR] Abuja [PAR] the capital of Nigeria, in the central part. [PAR] Nigeria [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a republic in W Africa: member of the Commonwealth of Nations; formerly a British colony and protectorate. 356,669 sq. mi. (923,773 sq. km). [PAR] Capital: Abuja. [PAR] Official name Federal Republic of Nigeria. [PAR] Related forms [PAR] Examples from the Web for Abuja [PAR] Expand [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Abuja [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] the federal capital of Nigeria, in the centre of the country. Pop: 467 000 (2005 est) [PAR] Nigeria [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a republic in West Africa, on the Gulf of Guinea: Lagos annexed by the British in 1861; protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria formed in 1900 and united as a colony in 1914; gained independence as a member of the Commonwealth in 1960 (membership suspended from 1995 to 1999 following human rights violations); Eastern Region seceded as the Republic of Biafra for the duration of the severe civil war (1967\u201370); ruled by military governments from 1966. It consists of a belt of tropical rain forest in the south, with semidesert in the extreme north and highlands in the east; the main export is petroleum. Official language: English; Hausa, Ibo, and Yoruba are the chief regional languages. Religion: animist, Muslim, and Christian. Currency: naira. Capital: Abuja. Pop: 174 507 539 (2013 est). Area: 923 773 sq km (356 669 sq miles) [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for Abuja [PAR] Expand [PAR] African nation, named for river Niger , which runs through it, + -ia . Related: Nigerian. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper [PAR] Expand [PAR] Nigeria definition [PAR] A nation in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea (an arm of the Atlantic Ocean ), bordered by Niger to the north, Chad and Cameroon to the east, and Benin to the west. Lagos is the capital and largest city. [PAR] Note: With over 110 million inhabitants, Nigeria is Africa's most populous country. [PAR] Note: Nigeria has been independent from Britain since 1960, and its independent history has been marked by bloodshed and instability. An ill-fated separatist movement established the secessionist state of Biafra in southeastern Nigeria from 1967 to 1970. [PAR] Note: The city-state of Benin, in what is now Nigeria, flourished from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries as a center of commerce and culture . It was famous for its cast-gold sculptures. [PAR] The American Heritage\u00ae New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. [PAR] Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madagascar pochard | Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Madagascar pochard | Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust [PAR] Critically Endangered [PAR] Profile [PAR] In late 2006, it was announced that the Madagascar pochard, last seen in 1991 and feared extinct, had been rediscovered by biologists from The Peregrine Fund. Durrell staff from Madagascar and Jersey were invited to make a rapid assessment of the tiny population and identify immediate threats. [PAR] Madagascar pochards are diving birds that probably feed on aquatic plants and invertebrates in shallow water. Males have a distinctive white iris. [PAR] Unlike previously known populations, which inhabited marshy, densely vegetated lakes, the small colony of pochards located by The Peregrine Fund team was found in a heavily forested volcanic lake. Although this has raised hopes that the species is holding on in other areas as well, intensive surveys have so far not found any further populations. [PAR] In the past, the Madagascar pochard was found in the Lac Alaotra basin, where Durrell has a community-based conservation programme, focusing in particular on the gentle lemur. This region is a major rice-growing centre and the lake, its reedbeds and the wildlife that lives there have suffered from burning and hunting. The pochard, like many other waterbird species, was unable to compete with introduced fish at Alaotra and other suitable wetlands. [PAR] The tiny population recently discovered is living much further north, on a lake where there has been much less human disturbance \u2013 the area is not suitable for rice cultivation and there are no fish. [PAR] In 2009 it was estimated that there were only 20 Madagascar pochards left in the world and Durrell, in partnership with the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust , The Peregrine Fund and the Madagascar Government began an emergency operation to save the species from extinction. Three clutches of eggs were collected from the wild and 23 ducklings were reared. These birds will now form the basis of a captive-rearing project in Madagascar with the aim of one day returning this duck to other parts of Madagascar. [PAR] In 2010 the project received significant funds from the UK\u2019s Darwin Initiative which will help run this project for three years. Click here to view the related news story."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Mary Poppins' creator P L Travers wrecked the lives of ... How Mary Poppins' creator P L Travers wrecked the lives of two innocent boys | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Next [PAR] How the sexual adventuress who created Mary Poppins wrecked the lives of two innocent boys: Exploits of P L Travers that you won't see in new film Saving Mr Banks [PAR] Pamela L Travers took in only one of the two twin brothers she said she'd adopt in 1940 [PAR] Camillus Hone whisked off by her to privileged life; while Anthony was left with neglectful relatives [PAR] London-born actor Lawrence Campbell was \u2018the first in a long chain of men who would, in [Travers'] words, pass her from one to the other\u2019"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Graham Greene Biography - life, childhood, children ... Graham Greene Biography - life, childhood, children, parents, name, story, death, history, school, book, information, born [PAR] Graham Greene Biography [PAR] Vevey, Switzerland [PAR] English author, novelist, and dramatist [PAR] The works of the English writer Graham Greene explore issues of right and wrong in modern society, and often feature exotic settings in different parts of the world. [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Graham Greene was born on October 2, 1904, in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, in England. He was one of six children born to Charles Henry Greene, headmaster of Berkhamsted School, and Marion R. Greene, whose first cousin was the famed writer Robert Louis Stevenson (1850\u20131894). He did not enjoy his childhood, and often skipped classes in order to avoid the constant bullying by his fellow classmates. At one point Greene even ran away from home. [PAR] When Greene began suffering from mental and emotional problems, his parents sent [PAR] Graham Greene. [PAR] AP/Wide World Photos [PAR] . [PAR] him to London for psychotherapy (the treatment of a mentally or emotionally disturbed person through verbal communication) by a student of the famous Sigmund Freud (1856\u20131939). While he was living there, Greene developed his love for literature and began to write poetry. Writers Ezra Pound (1885\u20131972) and Gertrude Stein (1874\u20131946) became lifelong mentors (teachers) to him before he returned to high school. [PAR] After graduating in 1922, Greene went on to Oxford University's Balliol College. There, Greene amused himself with travel as well as spending six weeks as a member of the Communist Party, a political party that supports communism, a system of government in which the goods and services of a country are owned and distributed by the government. Though he quickly abandoned his Communist beliefs, Greene later wrote sympathetic profiles of Communist leaders Fidel Castro (1926\u2013) and Ho Chi Minh (1890\u20131969). Despite all these efforts to distract himself from his studies, he graduated from Oxford in 1925 with a second-class pass in history, and a poorly received volume of poetry with the title Babbling April. [PAR] Writing career [PAR] In 1926 he began his professional writing career as an unpaid apprentice (working in order to learn a trade) for the Nottingham Journal, moving on later to the London Times. The experience was a positive one for him, and he held his position as an assistant editor until the publication of his first novel, The Man Within (1929). Here he began to develop the characteristic themes he later pursued so effectively: betrayal, pursuit, and death. [PAR] His next works, Name of Action (1931) and Rumour at Nightfall (1931), were not well received by critics, but Greene regained their respect with the first book he classed as an entertainment piece. Called Stamboul Train in England, it was published in 1932 in the United States as Orient Express. The story revolves around a group of travellers on a train, the Orient Express, a mysterious setting that allowed the author to develop his strange characters with drama and suspense. [PAR] Twelve years after Greene converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism, he published Brighton Rock (1938), a novel with a highly dramatic and suspenseful plot full of sexual and violent imagery that explored the interplay between abnormal behavior and morality, the quality of good conduct. The Confidential Agent was published in 1939, as was the work The Lawless Roads, a journal of Greene's travels in Mexico in 1938. Here he had seen widespread persecution (poor treatment) of Catholic priests, which he documented in his journal along with a description of a drunken priest's execution (public killing)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Huckleberry Finn - Public Domain Super Heroes - Wikia Huckleberry Finn | Public Domain Super Heroes | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Public Domain Super Heroes [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Huckleberry Finn [PAR] The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) [PAR] Original Publisher [PAR] Samuel Clemens (as \"Mark Twain\") [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Origin [PAR] Huckleberry \"Huck\" Finn is a fictional character created by Mark Twain, who first appeared in the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (set around 1845) and is the protagonist and narrator of its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (set around 1835\u20131845, although taking place after The Adventures of Tom Sawyer). He is 12 or 13 years old during the former and a year older (\"thirteen or fourteen or along there,\" Chapter 17) at the time of the latter. Huck also narrates Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer, Detective, two shorter sequels to the first two books. [PAR] \"Huck\" is the son of the town's vagrant drunkard, \"Pap\" Finn . Sleeping on doorsteps when the weather is fair, in empty hogsheads during storms, and living off of what he receives from others, Huck lives the life of a destitute vagabond. The author metaphorically names him \"the juvenile pariah of the village\" and describes Huck as \"idle, and lawless, and vulgar, and bad,\" qualities for which he was admired by all the children in the village, although their mothers \"cordially hated and dreaded\" him. [PAR] Huck is an archetypal innocent, able to discover the \"right\" thing to do despite the prevailing theology and prejudiced mentality of the South of that era. The best example of this is his decision to help Jim escape slavery, even though he believes he will go to hell for it. [PAR] His appearance is described in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. He wears the clothes of full-grown men which he probably received as charity, and as Twain describes him, \"he was fluttering with rags.\" He has a torn broken hat and his trousers are supported with only one suspender. [PAR] Tom's Aunt Polly calls Huck a \"poor motherless thing.\" Huck confesses to Tom in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer that he remembers his mother and his parents' relentless fighting that only abated with her death. [PAR] Huck has a carefree life free from societal norms or rules, stealing watermelons and chickens and \"borrowing\" boats and cigars. Due to his unconventional childhood, Huck has received almost no education. At the end of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huck is adopted by the Widow Douglas , who sends him to school in return for his saving her life. In the course of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, we find that he has learned enough to be literate and even reads books for entertainment when there isn't anything else to do. His knowledge of history as related to Jim is wildly inaccurate, but it is uncertain if he is being wrong on purpose as a joke on Jim. [PAR] In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, the Widow attempts to \"sivilize\" the newly wealthy Huck. Huck's father takes him from her, but Huck manages to fake his own death and escape to Jackson's Island, where he coincidentally meets up with Jim, a slave who was owned by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Wrote \u201cThe Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy\u201d Who Wrote \u201cThe Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy\u201d [PAR] Who Wrote \u201cThe Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy\u201d [PAR] 29 Mar, 2013 who wrote [PAR] 0 [PAR] \u201cThe Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy\u201d is the first in a series of science-fiction novels. The story began life as a radio broadcast on BBC Radio in 1978 and it was later adapted into the better known novel. The story has been adapted for many other purposes as well including stage shows, television, film, computer games and comics. It has become one of the most popular science fiction stories of all time and has sold more than 14 million copies in 30 languages. Let\u2019s find out who wrote this popular novel. [PAR] Who wrote \u201cThe Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy\u201d? [PAR] The six episode radio series was written by Douglas Adams with some contributions from John Lloyd. Adams pitched the idea to the BBC in February 1977 and began work on the script. The idea for his work came in 1971 when he was hitchhiking around Europe with a copy of \u201cHitch-hiker\u2019s guide to Europe\u201d. He found himself slightly intoxicated and lying under the stars with his book. It was at that time he thought that it would be a good idea for someone to write a hitchhiker\u2019s guide to the galaxy. The pilot was completed by mid 1977 and more episodes were commissioned. The first broadcasts came the year later and were highly successful with critics and audiences around Britain. The book was adapted from the radio play and was first published in 1979 by Pan Books, after being turned down by BBC Publishing. It was a number one hit within two weeks and sold a quarter of a million copies within three months. Adams wrote four more books in the series and another was written by Eoin Colfer eight years after Adams death. [PAR] Movie [PAR] The big budget 2005 film by the same name was adapted from the popular novel. The screenplay is credited to Douglas Adams (posthumous credit) and Karey Kirkpatrik. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Turns 35: What It ... The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Turns 35: What It Taught Us [PAR] The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy was published Oct. 12, 1979 [PAR] Douglas Adams' novel was published on Oct. 12, 1979, 35 years ago on Sunday [PAR] Are you a hoopy frood who really knows where her towel is? Then you probably already know that Sunday marks 35 years to the day since legendary comedy/sci-fi author Douglas Adams published the novel based on his radio show The Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy, first in a trilogy of five books. Yeah, a trilogy of five \u2014 Adams was a weird dude! [PAR] The Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide follows the story of a hapless human called Arthur Dent, who is saved from Earth\u2019s destruction by aliens with just seconds to spare by his good friend Ford Prefect. Prefect, who Dent at first believes to be human, actually turns out to be an alien working for something called the Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to the Galaxy \u2014 sort of a combination travel guide/Wikipedia for intergalactic travelers roaming about the universe by grabbing rides on passing spacecraft. [PAR] Dent and Prefect wind up on a ship stolen by President of the Galaxy Zaphod Beeblebrox. Along with another human runaway and a depressed robot, the crew find themselves in a serious of perilous adventures one after the other and it\u2019s all good fun with a great story that holds up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Local protests over Brick Lane film | Books | The Guardian Local protests over Brick Lane film | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Monica Ali [PAR] Local protests over Brick Lane film [PAR] Brick Lane ... Community activists are protesting against plans to turn Monica Ali's novel into a film. Photograph: David Sillitoe [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 10 years old [PAR] A community action group in Tower Hamlets has launched a campaign to stop production of a film based on Monica Ali's Booker-shortlisted novel, Brick Lane . [PAR] In an echo of the controversy which surrounded the initial publication of the book, set partly in the east London borough, the novel is accused of reinforcing \"pro-racist, anti-social stereotypes\" and of containing \"a most explicit, politically calculated violation of the human rights of the community\". [PAR] Community leaders attacked the book on its publication in 2003, claiming that it portrayed Bangladeshis living in the area as backward, uneducated and unsophisticated, and that this amounted to a \"despicable insult\". [PAR] Now a petition is being circulated to put pressure on the council to halt Ruby Films' adaptation, already in production in a London studio, and calling on \"all right-thinking people to join ... in preventing this attack on good social, ethical standard and idea [sic].\" [PAR] Coordinating the campaign from his sweetshop armed with three mobile phones and an address book, the chair of the Brick Lane Traders' Association, Abdus Salique, warned of the damage film could do to community relations. \"Nobody can come with a camera make a film about that book here. She [Ali] has imagined ideas about us in her head. She is not one of us, she has not lived with us, she knows nothing about us, but she has insulted us.\" [PAR] He brushed aside suggestions that a work of fiction couldn't be seen as an attack on a community. \"It's not a fiction book,\" he explained. \"This is all lies. She wanted to be famous at the cost of a community.\" [PAR] \"I've seen her, I've talked with her,\" he claimed. \"She never told us she'd write a book. Now she can't even come to Brick Lane.\" [PAR] He also claimed that community groups prevented Monica Ali from being awarded the Booker prize. \"This book was contesting for the Booker prize,\" he said. \"We stopped that.\" [PAR] Mr Salique raised the spectre of a worsening in community relations if filming goes ahead on location. \"We are living in a multicultural society,\" he said. \"We are in a peaceful situation. This film will make a lot of problems for local people.\" [PAR] He threatened mass protests if the company attempts to film on the streets of Tower Hamlets, saying that \"the community feels strongly about this. We are not going to let it happen. [PAR] \"Young people are getting very involved with this campaign. They will blockade the area and guard our streets. Of course, they will not do anything unless we tell them to, but I warn you they are not as peaceful as me.\" [PAR] A Ruby Films spokeswoman, Claudia Kalindjian, confirmed that the company was aware of the \"controversy\" which surrounded the book's publication, and that they had been contacted by the leaders of the campaign. \"There are a small number of people in the community who are unhappy that the film is being made,\" she said. [PAR] But she rejected the allegation that the book or the film was in any way racist or derogatory to the local community. \"The filmmakers read the book and thought it had a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mabel Lucie Attwell on Pinterest | Postcards, eBay and ... 1000+ images about Mabel Lucie Attwell on Pinterest | Book of prayers, Vintage postcards and Cheap socks [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] Mabel Lucie Attwell [PAR] 202 Pins204 Followers [PAR] Mabel Lucie Attwell June 4th 1879-Nov 5th 1964 was born in London, she was a British illustrator best known for her cute drawings of children. As well as many books (including Peter pan,Alice in Wonderland &The Water Babies) her art can be found on postcards,advertisements,posters and figurines. She died at the grand old age of 85 in Fowey, Cornwall"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: The Paddington Bear Season 1: Michael Hordern ... Amazon.com: The Paddington Bear Season 1: Michael Hordern, Ivor Wood, FilmFair, Michael Bond [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 1. Please Look After This Bear [PAR] Mr. and Mrs. Brown find a bear on Paddington Station. They name him \"Paddington\". Mr. Brown takes him to a buffet for some refreshments and things rapidly get out of hand. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 19 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 2. Paddington and the \"Old Master\" [PAR] Paddington meets Mr. Gruber, who keeps an antique shop in Portobello Road. Mr. Gruber tells him about old masters and that they are sometimes discovered under modern paintings. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 19 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 3. Do-it-Yourself [PAR] Using a carpentry set which Paddington bought at the Auction, he attempts to make a magazine rack for Mr. Curry, and saws his kitchen table in two in the process. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 19 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 4. Too Much Off the Top [PAR] Paddington leaves Mr. Gruber's shop and sees a notice in a barber's shop for a willing junior. Paddington tests the clippers on the broom. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 19 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 5. Paddington and the Christmas Shopping [PAR] Paddington is outside Crumbold and Ferns store and goes into the shop to buy an expanding clothesline for Mrs. Bird. He tests the line in the shop with disastrous effects - tying everyone in knots and knocking over a display table. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 20 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 6. Paddington and the Cold Snap [PAR] Mr. Curry asks Paddington to get a plumber as his bathroom pipes are frozen. Paddington decides to have a go himself and starts knocking pipes with the result that water is flowing everywhere but in the basin. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 20 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 7. Paddington Hits the Jackpot [PAR] The Browns are watching a Quiz program on television when Paddington appears on the screen. The Quizmaster asks Paddington several questions, which he answers in a manner that confuses and exasperates the Quizmaster, but finally he wins the Jackpot, a hundred pounds. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 19 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 8. Fortune Telling [PAR] Paddington, on his way for morning cocoa with Mr. Gruber, sees a poster advertising a Fair. Mr. Gruber tells him all about Fairs and suggests he visits the fortuneteller first. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 19 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 9. A Picnic on the River [PAR] The Browns have a picnic on the river allowing Paddington to do the rowing until he falls in... [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 20 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR] 10. A Visit to the Bank [PAR] Paddington decides to withdraw all his savings from the bank, but having none to start with can be confusing. [PAR] TV-Y7 CC Language: English Runtime: 19 minutes Release date: January 5, 1976 [PAR] Buy SD $1.99 [PAR] from $1.99 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Dubliners: \u201cTwo Gallants\u201d SparkNotes: Dubliners: \u201cTwo Gallants\u201d [PAR] \u201cTwo Gallants\u201d [PAR] \u201cThe Boarding House\u201d [PAR] Summary [PAR] Lenehan and Corley, two men whose occupations are suspiciously vague, walk through the streets of central Dublin after a day of drinking in a bar. Corley dominates the conversation, chatting about his latest romantic interest, a maid who works at a wealthy home and with whom he has a date that evening. He brags about the cigarettes and cigars the maid pilfers for him from the house and how he has expertly managed to avoid giving her his name. Lenehan listens patiently, occasionally offering a question or a clich\u00e9d response. As the men talk, they reveal a plan they\u2019ve hatched to convince the maid to procure money from her employer\u2019s house. Lenehan repeatedly asks Corley if he thinks she is right for their business, which launches Corley into a short lecture on the utility of a good maid, or \u201cslavey.\u201d Unlike other women who insist on being compensated, Corley explains, slaveys pitch in. He pauses wistfully to recall one of his former lovers who now works as a prostitute, and Lenehan teases that Corley, who seems to excel in pimping, must have encouraged such a profession. [PAR] The men resume discussing their plan, and Corley confirms that the maid will turn up as promised. They pass a harpist playing a mournful song about Irish legends, then approach the appointed corner where the maid is waiting. She is a young, ruddy-cheeked woman, dressed oddly with a sailor hat and tattered boa. Lenehan, impressed with Corley\u2019s taste, leers at her. Corley appears disgruntled, suspecting Lenehan of trying to squeeze him out of the plan. But as he leaves Lenehan to greet his date, he promises to walk past so Lenehan can look at her again. The men agree to meet later that night at a corner by the maid\u2019s house. Lenehan watches as Corley and the maid walk off, and he takes another intense look before positioning himself so he can watch the couple pass once more. [PAR] Finally alone, Lenehan aimlessly wanders through Dublin to pass the time. Not wishing to speak with anyone, Lenehan continues to walk until he stops into a bar for a quick meal of peas and ginger beer. Over his food, he sadly contemplates his life: instead of just scraping by, he wishes instead for a steady job and stable home life. Lenehan leaves the bar and, after running into some friends in the street, makes his way to meet Corley. Lenehan nervously smokes a cigarette, worrying that Corley has cut him out of the plan, before he spots Corley and the maid. He stealthily walks behind the couple until they stop at a posh residence, where the maid runs inside through the servant\u2019s entrance. In a moment, she emerges from the front door, meets Corley, and then runs back inside. Corley leaves. Lenehan runs after him, but Corley ignores his calls. Eventually, Corley stops and shows Lenehan a gold coin, a sign that the plan was successful. [PAR] Analysis [PAR] The title of this story, \u201cTwo Gallants,\u201d is ironic because Corley and Lenehan are anything but fine, chivalrous men. Instead, they make an unpleasant practice of duping maids into stealing from their employers. Of the two men, Lenehan is the more self-reflective, and he provides a quiet, contemplative balance for the burly actions of Corley, who has crafted and executed their current plan. Lenehan is a Dublin man quite literally on the edge. He has one foot on the path and one on the road"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Keneally (Author of Schindler's List) Thomas Keneally (Author of Schindler's List) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Thomas Michael Keneally, AO (born 7 October 1935) is an Australian novelist, playwright and author of non-fiction. He is best known for writing Schindler's Ark, the Booker Prize-winning novel of 1982, which was inspired by the efforts of Poldek Pfefferberg, a Holocaust survivor. The book would later be adapted to Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List (1993), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. [PAR] Often published under the name Tom Keneally in Australia. [PAR] Life and Career: [PAR] Born in Sydney, Keneally was educated at St Patrick's College, Strathfield, where a writing prize was named after him. He entered St Patrick's Seminary, Manly to train as a Catholic priest but left before his ordination. He worked as a Sydney schoolteacher before his succe Thomas Michael Keneally, AO (born 7 October 1935) is an Australian novelist, playwright and author of non-fiction. He is best known for writing Schindler's Ark, the Booker Prize-winning novel of 1982, which was inspired by the efforts of Poldek Pfefferberg, a Holocaust survivor. The book would later be adapted to Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List (1993), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. [PAR] Often published under the name Tom Keneally in Australia. [PAR] Life and Career: [PAR] Born in Sydney, Keneally was educated at St Patrick's College, Strathfield, where a writing prize was named after him. He entered St Patrick's Seminary, Manly to train as a Catholic priest but left before his ordination. He worked as a Sydney schoolteacher before his success as a novelist, and he was a lecturer at the University of New England (1968\u201370). He has also written screenplays, memoirs and non-fiction books. [PAR] Keneally was known as \"Mick\" until 1964 but began using the name Thomas when he started publishing, after advice from his publisher to use what was really his first name. He is most famous for his Schindler's Ark (1982) (later republished as Schindler's List), which won the Booker Prize and is the basis of the film Schindler's List (1993). Many of his novels are reworkings of historical material, although modern in their psychology and style. [PAR] Keneally has also acted in a handful of films. He had a small role in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (based on his novel) and played Father Marshall in the Fred Schepisi movie, The Devil's Playground (1976) (not to be confused with a similarly-titled documentary by Lucy Walker about the Amish rite of passage called rumspringa). [PAR] In 1983, he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO). He is an Australian Living Treasure. [PAR] He is a strong advocate of the Australian republic, meaning the severing of all ties with the British monarchy, and published a book on the subject in Our Republic (1993). Several of his Republican essays appear on the web site of the Australian Republican Movement. [PAR] Keneally is a keen supporter of rugby league football, in particular the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles club of the NRL. He made an appearance in the rugby league drama film The Final Winter (2007). [PAR] In March 2009, the Prime Minister of Australia, Kevin Rudd, gave an autographed copy of Keneally's Lincoln biography to President Barack Obama as a state gift. [PAR] Most recently Thomas Keneally featured as a writer in the critically acclaimed Australian drama, Our Sunburnt Country. [PAR] Thomas Keneally's nephew Ben is married to the former NSW Premier, Kristina Keneally. ...more[DOC] [TLE] The chant of Jimmie Blacksmith - Thomas Keneally - Google ... The chant of Jimmie Blacksmith - Thomas"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eliot as Dramatist - Essays - 1944 Words - studymode.com Eliot as Dramatist Essay - 1944 Words [PAR] T.S. Eliot as a dramatist [PAR] Introduction [PAR] American-English poet, playwright, and critic, a leader of the modernist movement in literature. Eliot was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948. His most famous work is THE WASTE LAND, written when he was 34. On one level this highly complex poem descibes cultural and spiritual crisis. [PAR] \"The point of view which I am struggling to attack is perhaps related to the metaphysical theory of the substantial unity of the soul: for my meaning is, that the poet has, not a 'personality' to express, but a particular medium, which is only a medium and not a personality, in which impressions and experiences combine in peculiar and unexpected ways.\" (from 'Tradition and the Individual Talent,' 1920) [PAR] As a Dramatist [PAR] Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the seventh and youngest child of a distinguished family of New England origin. Eliot's forebears included the Reverend William Greenleaf Eliot, founder of Washington University in St. Louis. Isaac Stearns on his mother's side was one of the original settlers of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Henry, Eliot's father, was a prosperous industrialist and his mother Charlotte was a poet. She wrote among others a biography of William Greenleaf Eliot. [PAR] Eliot attended Smith Academy in St. Louis and Milton Academy in Massachusetts. In 1906 he went to Harvard, where he contributed poetry to Harvard Advocate. After receiving his B.A. in 1909, Eliot spent a year in France, attending Henri Bergson's lectures at the Sorbonne and studying poetry with the novelist and poet Henri Alain-Fournier. He then returned to Harvard, where he worked on a dissertation on the English idealist philosopher F.H. Bradley. Eliot also studied Sanskrit and Buddhism. [PAR] In 1915 Eliot made England his permanent home. With Ezra Pound, his countryman and an advocate on literary modernism, he started to reform poetic diction. Pound was largely responsible for getting Eliot's early poems into print, such as THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK in the Chicago magazine Poetry in 1915. The title character is tormented by the uncertainty of his identity and the difficulty of articulating his feelings. Prufrock is a perfect gentleman and tragic in his conventionality. He has heard \"the mermaids singing\" but is paralyzed by self-consciousness - \"I do not think that they will sing to me.\" Denis Donoghue has pointed out in Words Alone (2000) that in his early poems Eliot didn't start with a theme but with a fragment of rhythm, or motif. Prufrock has not the qualities of a person, he is a fragmented voice with a name. \"Eliot's language here and in the early poems generally refers to things and simultaneously works free from the reference. He seems always to be saying: \"That is not what I meant at all. / That is not it, at all.\" When he gives a voice a name\u2014Prufrock, Gerontion\u2014he makes no commitment beyond the naming.\" (from Words Alone) [PAR] Pound also introduced Eliot to Harriet Weaver, who published Eliot's first volume of verse, PRUFROCK AND OTHER OBSERVATIONS (1917). Eliot taught for a year at Highgate Junior School in London, and then worked as a clerk at Lloyds Bank, where he wrote acticles for the monthly in-house magazine Lloyds Bank Economic Review on foreign currency movements. A physical condition prevented his entering in 1918 the US Navy. Eliot's second book, ARA VOS PREC (published in the U.S. as POEMS), which appeared in 1919, was hand-printed by Virginia and Leonard"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms - Shmoop Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms [PAR] NEXT [PAR] Character Analysis [PAR] In the 1970s and 80s, critics Judith Fetterly and Millicent Bell argued that the character of Catherine in A Farewell to Arms helps prove that Ernest Hemingway was sexist and a misogynist: in short, that he hated women and that the character of Catherine proves it. Later female critics, most notably, Sandra Whipple Spanier, argue the opposite \u2013 that Catherine helps prove that Hemingway loved women and understood them deeply, and that Catherine is even the real hero of the story. [PAR] Fetterly's claim is that Catherine\u2019s death at the end of the novel proves that Hemingway thought that \"the only good woman is a dead woman.\" We find this a bit of a stretch. Women die all the time in books, and that doesn\u2019t make their authors women-haters. And way more men die in the novel than women. Does that make Hemingway a man-hater, too? [PAR] Now Bell\u2019s argument is a bit more interesting. She claims that Catherine is \"a sort of inflatable woman only available to the onanistic dreamer.\" An onanist is, in plain language, a masturbator. Bell is arguing that there is no \"real\" Catherine. That the most real she gets is when Frederic is dreaming about her or imagining her. [PAR] According to views like these, Catherine is just a blow up doll with nothing inside her but Frederic\u2019s fantasy. Maybe there is something to that, but we take a kinder view toward Catherine, as do other critics. To think that Catherine is just Frederic\u2019s fantasy dehumanizes her, makes all the good she did mean nothing, and makes the tragedy of the novel a mere joke. But, these criticisms don\u2019t just come out of thin air. And before we know what we really think, we must examine Catherine more closely. So here goes\u2026 [PAR] Two Sides of Catherine [PAR] In Catherine\u2019s defense, she is much more than the novel\u2019s love interest. She\u2019s a brave woman, as Frederic says to her so many times. She\u2019s traveled to a foreign country to help take care of wounded men. She tells Frederic that her initial move to Italy was out of solidarity for her dead fianc\u00e9, but that doesn\u2019t change the fact that she works tirelessly throughout most of the novel, and most of her pregnancy, tending to the men wounded in the war. She is fiercely independent and can take care of herself in foreign countries, with or without Frederic. [PAR] So why do some critics think this beautiful and brave nurse is merely a male fantasy? Why do they think she\u2019s not her own person and that she gives up her own identity to get Frederic to love her? Um, maybe because she kind of tells Frederic stuff like that all the time. Here are a few examples: [PAR] On religion: \"You\u2019re my religion. You\u2019re all I\u2019ve got\" (19.37). [PAR] On her pregnancy: \"I\u2019ll try and not make trouble for you. I know I\u2019ve made trouble now. But haven\u2019t I always been a good girl until now?\" (21.68). [PAR] On her self: \"There isn\u2019t any me. I\u2019m you. Don\u2019t make up a separate me.\" (18.21-21) [PAR] Whew. Catherine really is what those critics say! She totally worships Frederic like a god and will do anything to get him. She thinks her pregnancy is \"trouble\" because it isn\u2019t part of Frederic\u2019s fantasy of her. And she admits she\u2019s not \"real,\" but rather just a part of Frederic. [PAR] But, wait a minute. At one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 [PAR] John Steinbeck [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 [PAR] John Steinbeck [PAR] Prize share: 1/1 [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 was awarded to John Steinbeck \"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\". [PAR] Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 5 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1962/>[DOC] [TLE] American Nobel Laureates in Literature | Tomas Transtr\u00f6mer American Nobel Laureates in Literature | Tomas Transtr\u00f6mer [PAR] American Nobel Laureates in Literature [PAR] 1930 \u2013 Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951) American writer. Received the 1930 Nobel Prize for Literature \u201cfor his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1936 \u2013 Eugene Gladstone O\u2019Neill (1888-1953) American writer. Eugene O\u2019Neill won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, and Pulitzer Prizes for four of his plays: Beyond the Horizon (1920); Anna Christie (1922); Strange Interlude (1928); and Long Day\u2019s Journey Into Night (1957). He won the Nobel Prize in Literature \u201cfor the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1938 \u2013 Pearl Buck (1892-1973) American writer. Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia. She grew up in China, where her parents were missionaries in Huai\u2019an and Zhenjiang, but she later was educated at Cornell University and Randolph-Macon Woman\u2019s College. Buck was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize \u201cfor her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\u201d. [PAR] [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1948 \u2013 Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965) British/American writer. T.S. Eliot received the 1948 Nobel Prize in Literature \u201cfor his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1949 \u2013 William Faulkner (1897-1962) American writer. Received the 1949 Nobel in Literature \u201cfor his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1954 \u2013 Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899-1961) American writer. Brevity was his specialty. Received the 1954 Nobel in Literature \u201cfor his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1962 \u2013 John Steinbeck (1902-1968) American writer. Received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature \u201cfor his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1976 \u2013 Saul Bellow (1915-2005) American writer. Received the 1976 Nobel Prize for Literature \u201cfor the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1978 \u2013 Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904-1991) Polish/American writer. Received the 1978 Nobel Prize for Literature \u201cfor his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1980 \u2013 Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004) Polish/American writer. Received the 1980 Nobel Prize for Literature for voicing \u201cman\u2019s exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1987 \u2013 Joseph Brodsky (1940-1996) Russian/American writer. Received the 1987 Nobel Prize for Literature \u201cfor an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity.\u201d [PAR] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [PAR] 1992 \u2013 Derek Walcott (1930- ) Saint Lucian/American writer. Derek Walcott received the 1992 Nobel Prize for Literature \u201cfor a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eveline Hanska | Polish countess | Britannica.com Eveline Hanska | Polish countess | Britannica.com [PAR] Polish countess [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in Honor\u00e9 de Balzac: Early career [PAR] ...of work\u201414 to 16 hours spent writing at his table in his white, quasi-monastic dressing gown, with his goose-quill pen and his endless cups of black coffee. In 1832 Balzac became friendly with \u00c9veline Hanska, a Polish countess who was married to an elderly Ukrainian landowner. She, like many other women, had written to Balzac expressing admiration of his writings. They met twice in...[DOC] [TLE] Eveline Ha\u0144ska - nekropole.info Eveline Ha\u0144ska [PAR] Eveline Ha\u0144ska [PAR] P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery [PAR] Person [PAR] Eveline Ha\u0144ska (Ewelina, n\u00e9e Rzewuska, 6 January c. 1805 \u2013 11 April 1882) was a Polish noblewoman best known for her marriage to French novelist Honor\u00e9 de Balzac. Born at the Wierzchownia estate in Volhynia, (now Ukraine) Ha\u0144ska married landowner Wac\u0142aw Ha\u0144ski (Wenceslas Hanski) when she was a teenager. Ha\u0144ski, who was about 20 years her senior, suffered from depression. They had five children, but only a daughter, Anna, survived. [PAR] In the late 1820s, Ha\u0144ska began reading Balzac's novels, and in 1832, she sent him an anonymous letter. This began a decades-long correspondence in which Ha\u0144ska and Balzac expressed a deep mutual affection. In 1832, they met for the first time, in Switzerland. Soon afterward he began writing the novel S\u00e9raph\u00eeta, which includes a character based on Ha\u0144ska. [PAR] After her husband died in 1841, a series of complications obstructed Ha\u0144ska's marriage to Balzac. Chief of these was the estate and her daughter Anna's inheritance, both of which might be threatened if she married him. Anna married a Polish count, easing some of the pressure. About the same time, Ha\u0144ska gave Balzac the idea for his 1844 novel Modeste Mignon. In 1850 they married and moved to Paris, but he died five months later. Though she never remarried, she took several lovers, and died in 1882."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Idiot: Analysis of Major Characters SparkNotes: The Idiot: Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Themes, Motifs and Symbols [PAR] Prince Lev Nikolayevich Myshkin [PAR] The hero, protagonist, and title character of The Idiot, Myshkin is a descendant of an old noble line and a distant relative of Madame Yepanchin. He is a fair-haired, blue-eyed epileptic in his late twenties who comes to Russia after four years in a sanitarium in Switzerland. From the onset, Myshkin appears to be an outsider in Russian society: he dresses like a foreigner and acts as if unaware of the societal norms of the Russian aristocracy. Indeed, he is different from the other Russian aristocrats in several regards. [PAR] First, Myshkin does not follow societal conventions and is not afraid of its sanctions, which mainly come in the form of ridicule. In Part I, he goes to Nastassya Filippovna's even though he has not been invited. He thinks to himself that the worst that could happen would be that the guests would laugh at him and then escort him out. Some of the other characters in the novel, such as Ganya, such shame would be absolutely terrible; for Myshkin, however, it is no big deal. He is not afraid of being laughed at; in fact, when others laugh at him, he joins in with them. When Myshkin first visits the Yepanchins, the girls indirectly call him an ass and then laugh, but he laughs with them. [PAR] Furthermore, Myshkin is very open and frank. He tells new acquaintances his personal history\u2014including the bit about living in a sanitarium for several years\u2014right away. He does not believe in societal small talk, instead preferring to immediately jump into a discussion of the issues that are his prime concern. For instance, when Myshkin visits the Yepanchins for the first time, he immediately talks of public executions and the story of Marie. At the \"engagement\" dinner party at the Yepanchins, he fervently discusses grand subjects such as religion and the future of aristocracy. However, Myshkin's is highly na\u00efve, and he is therefore fooled by members of the high society. He takes their affected friendship for genuine and sincere feeling. Perhaps his innocence is the reason for his special affinity for children. The adult world, however, is too superficial and conventional for him. [PAR] Myshkin does not take offense at anyone, no matter how horrific the character's action toward him. After Ganya's slap, Myshkin does not hit back or challenge Ganya to a duel\u2014a common recourse for action at the time. Instead, Myshkin tells Ganya that he should be ashamed of himself and leaves the room. In response to Burdovsky's lie that he is Pavlishchev's son, not only is Myshkin not angry, but he is also still willing to help Burdovsky financially. Even after Keller writes a slanderous and insulting article about Myshkin, the prince still makes Keller the best man at his wedding. Lebedev constantly lies to Myshkin and even tries to commit him to an insane asylum; when Lebedev admits this, Myshkin merely laughs in response. Aglaya constantly mocks and insults the prince, but this only saddens him. When Aglaya expresses any wish for reconciliation, Myshkin is ecstatic with joy. In short, Prince Myshkin does not bear grudges against anyone, even Rogozhin, who almost kills him. In light of Myshkin's seemingly impossible na\u00efvet\u00e9, virtually all the characters in the novel call him an \"idiot.\" [PAR] Prince Myshkin is perhaps the ultimate Christian ideal of humble selflessness and giving. He attempts to help everyone he meets and always holds the needs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pearl Buck Biography - Famous People Pearl Buck Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [PAR] Writers [PAR] Pearl Buck Biography [PAR] Pearl Buck was a Nobel Prize winning American writer best known for her novel \u00e2\u0080\u0098The Good Earth.\u00e2\u0080\u0099 This biography of Pearl Buck provides detailed information about her childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline. [PAR] Quick Facts [PAR] John Lossing Buck, Richard Walsh [PAR] children [PAR] 1938 - Nobel Prize in Literature [PAR] 1932 - Pulitzer Prize for [PAR] Image Credit http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/23/a-pearl-buck-novel-new-af_n_3324656.html?ir=India&adsSiteOverride=in [PAR] Pearl S. Buck, born as Pearl Comfort Sydenstricker, was an American writer most famous as the author of the best selling novel, \u00e2\u0080\u0098The Good Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099 which won her a Pulitzer Prize. Though American by birth, she had spent almost half of her life in China and was raised in a bilingual environment. She is also known by her Chinese name, Sai Zhenzhu. A prolific writer, she published her first novel only when she was 39, but soon went on to write more than 70 other books, exploring a variety of genres. Buck chose China as the setting for the majority of her works. Her first novel, \u00e2\u0080\u0098East Wind, West Wind\u00e2\u0080\u0099 dealt with the themes of cultural understanding and acceptance while her second novel \u00e2\u0080\u0098The Good Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099, revolved around the life of a family in a Chinese village before World War II. . She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces.\" Her body of work consisted of novels, biographies, poetry, fiction, non-fiction, drama, and children\u00e2\u0080\u0099s literature. She was also a humanitarian at heart and was committed to a wide range of issues like women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s rights, adoption, cultural values, immigration, and missionary work. As an adoptive mother, she established \u00e2\u0080\u0098Welcome House\u00e2\u0080\u0099, an international, interracial adoption agency which has placed several thousands of children in loving homes till date. [PAR] Childhood & Early Life [PAR] Pearl Sydenstricker was born in West Virginia to Caroline Stulting and Absalom Sydenstricker. Both her parents were Presbyterian missionaries who went to China after their marriage. She was one of the seven children born to her parents, of whom only three survived to adulthood. [PAR] She was raised in a bilingual environment and was taught both English and Classical Chinese. She was a voracious reader from a young age. [PAR] She went to the U.S to attend Randolph-Macon Woman's College, graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1914. She also served for sometime as a Presbyterian missionary but resigned after some controversy. [PAR] Career [PAR] She returned to China and taught English literature at the University of Nanking and the National Central University from 1920 to 1933. [PAR] She started writing stories and essays for magazines like \u00e2\u0080\u0098Nation\u00e2\u0080\u0099, \u00e2\u0080\u0098The Chinese Recorder\u00e2\u0080\u0099, and \u00e2\u0080\u0098Atlantic Monthly\u00e2\u0080\u0099 in the 1920\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. She had also begun work on her first novel \u00e2\u0080\u0098East Wind, West Wind\u00e2\u0080\u0099, which was published in 1930. [PAR] In 1924, she went to the U.S for a short time and earned her Masters degree from Cornell University. In 1925, she returned to China. [PAR] In 1927, the political situation in China worsened and several Westerners were murdered. She fled to Japan and stayed there for a year before returning to China. [PAR] She now dedicated all her free time to her writing career and completed the manuscript for \u00e2\u0080\u0098The Good Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099 within a year. The novel was published in the U.S in 1931 and went on to become a bestseller. The sequel to the novel, \u00e2\u0080\u0098Sons\u00e2\u0080\u0099 was published in 1933. [PAR] In 1933, she permanently left China"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manias dictionary definition | Manias defined Manias dictionary definition | Manias defined [PAR] See also fads ; insanity ; -phile, -philia, -phily ; phobias . [PAR] N.B.: Noun forms end in -mania and adjective forms end in -maniac or -maniacal. acromania a violent form of mania; incurable insanity. agoramania a mania for open spaces. agyiomania a mania for streets. ailuromania an abnormal love of cats. alcoholomania an obsession with alcohol. amaxomania a mania for being in vehicles. amenomania a mania for pleasing delusions. Americamania an obsession with America and things American. andromania an obsession with men; nymphomania. aphrodisiomania a mania for sexual pleasure. apimania an abnormal love of bees. automania an excessive liking for solitude. autophonomania an obsession with suicide. ballistomania an extreme interest in bullets. bibliomania an excessive fondness for acquiring and possessing books. cheromania an extreme love for gaiety. Chinamania an obsession with China and things Chinese. chionomania a mania for snow. choreomania a mania for dancing. chrematomania a mania for money. clinomania an obsession with bed rest. coprolalomania a mania for foul speech. cremnomania an abnormal interest in cliffs. cresomania a mania for great wealth. cynomania an abnormal love of dogs. Dantomania an obsession with Dante and his works. demomania ochlomania. doramania a mania for fur. drapetomania a mania for running away. dromomania a mania for travel. ecdemiomania a mania for wandering. edeomania an obsession with genitals. empleomania an obsession with public employment. enomania a mania for wine. Also called oinomania. entheomania a mania for religion. entomomania an abnormal love of insects. eremiomania a mania for stillness. ergasiomania a mania for activity. ergomania a mania for work. eroticomania an abnormal interest in erotica. erotographomania an abnormal interest in erotic literature. erotomania an excessive propensity for sexual desire. erythromania a mania for blushing. etheromania a mania for ether. florimania a mania for plants and flowers. Francomania an obsession with France and things French. gamomania 1. Obsolete, a form of mania characterized by strange and extravagant proposals of marriage. 2. an excessive longing for the married state. gephyromania a mania for crossing bridges. Germanomania an obsession with Germany and things German. Also called Teutonomania. graphomania an obsession with writing. Grecomania an obsession with Ancient Greece and Greeks. gymnomania a mania for nakedness. gynecomania abnormal sexual desire for women. hamartomania an obsession with sin. hedonomania a mania for pleasure. heliomania an abnormal love of the sun. hieromania a mania for priests. hippomania a mania for horses. hodomania an abnormal love of travel. homicidomania a mania for murder. hydrodipsomania an abnormal love of drinking water. hydromania an excessive love of water. hylomania a mania for wood. hypermania an acute mania. hypnomania a mania for sleep. hypomania a mild mania; submania. hysteromania nymphomania. ichthyomania an abnormal love of fish. iconomania a mania for icons. idolomania a mania for idols. Italomania an obsession with Italy and things Italian. kainomania a mania for novelty. kathisomania a mania for sitting. kinesomania a mania for movement. lalomania an abnormal love of speech or talking. lethomania a mania for narcotics. logomania a mania for words or talking. lycomania lycanthropy, a form of insanity in which a person imagines himself to be a wolf. lypemania an abnormal tendency toward deep melancholy. macromania a mania for becoming larger. mania 1. a type of manie-depressive psychosis, exemplified by rapidly chang-ing ideas, extremes of emotion, and physical overactivity. 2. any violent or abnormal behavior. \u2014maniac, n. \u2014maniacal, adj. mentulomania an obsession with the penis. mesmeromania an obsession with hypnosis. micromania a mania for becoming smaller. monomania 1. a partial insanity in which psychotic thinking is confined to one subject"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Tennis | Nadal wins epic Wimbledon final BBC SPORT | Tennis | Nadal wins epic Wimbledon final [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Nadal won his fifth Grand Slam title and first away from Roland Garros [PAR] Rafael Nadal held off an incredible fightback from Roger Federer to win his first Wimbledon title and end the Swiss star's reign at the All England Club. [PAR] The Spaniard missed two championship points in the fourth set but recovered to win a dramatic rain-interrupted match 6-4 6-4 6-7 (5-7) 6-7 (8-10) 9-7. [PAR] The final shot was struck in near darkness on Centre Court at 2115 BST. [PAR] Nadal, 22, is the first man since Bjorn Borg in 1980 to win the French Open and Wimbledon titles back-to-back. [PAR] Asked about the moment of victory, Nadal told BBC Sport: \"It's impossible to explain what I felt in that moment but I'm very, very happy. [PAR] \"It is a dream to play on this court, my favourite tournament, but to win I never imagined.\" [PAR] Federer, who made just one of 13 break points, said: \"I tried everything, got a little late, but look, Rafa is a deserving champion, he just played fantastic. [PAR] Interview: Rafael Nadal [PAR] \"The rain didn't make it easier but you have to expect the worst and he's the worst opponent on the best court. It's a pity I couldn't win it but I'll be back next year.\" [PAR] Federer, 26, had been trying to become only the second man to win six consecutive Wimbledon titles, and so surpass Borg to match Willie Renshaw, who played in the 1880s. [PAR] The defeat brought to an end his unbeaten run of 65 matches on grass, and arguably his reign as the undisputed king of tennis. [PAR] On sealing victory, a tearful Nadal climbed through the stands to celebrate with his family and supporters before heading to the royal box to speak to members of the Spanish royal family. [PAR] Federer, meanwhile, suffered the unpleasant experience of watching, dejected, from his chair as he came to terms with finishing runner-up for the first time. [PAR] It may be little consolation but he played his part in one of the great finals. [PAR] The pre-match billing had it down as tennis's version of a world heavyweight title fight and it lived up to the hype, Nadal finally winning the longest Wimbledon men's singles final after four hours, 48 minutes. [PAR] 606: DEBATE [PAR] Was that the best Wimbledon final of all time? [PAR] He now adds the Wimbledon crown to the four French Open titles he has won, while Federer will look to defend his one remaining Grand Slam title at the US Open next month. [PAR] Nadal went into the match as the favourite in some people's eyes, having thrashed Federer in last month's Roland Garros final and with an 11-6 head-to-head record against the Swiss. [PAR] After a 35-minute delay to the start because of rain, the Majorcan made the better start with a break in game three, saving three break points on his way to the first set. [PAR] The momentum shifted at the start of the second as Federer raced to a 4-1 lead, whipping a vicious cross-court forehand for a winner to finally convert a break point in game two, but Nadal came roaring back with five straight games for a two-set lead. [PAR] With dark clouds gathering overhead, Federer looked ready to be put out of his misery at 3-3, 0-40, in the third but the champion roused himself superbly, reeling off five"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Treasure Island Characters | GradeSaver Treasure Island Characters | GradeSaver [PAR] Buy Study Guide [PAR] Jim Hawkins [PAR] The young (probably 13 or 14) Jim Hawkins is the narrator of the adventure that is told in Treasure Island. It is his feelings, perceptions, and emotional responses that the reader responds to and views the story through. Jim Hawkins is the typical young boy, who through no fault of his own, becomes involved in the ultimate adventure, especially for a boy of his age. Through this process, Jim transforms from someone who is merely an onlooker, to an active participant who determines his own fate by courageous, and often very risky, actions. Although it is not due to his bravery or any special skills, it is he and not the older, more experienced men on the journey who uncover the pirates plan for mutiny, find Ben Gunn and enlist him in their cause, and steal the Hispanolia and return it to the captain. [PAR] Jim thinks on his feet and by the end of the book has matured into a capable, competent boy. It is in his triumph over Israel Hands on the Hispanolia that his physically maturation is complete, and likewise, his decision not to run away from Long John Silver when urged by Dr. Livesey that his moral maturation is complete. Jim returns home to write the story and is haunted by Long John Silver and his parrot in his dreams long after his return from Treasure Island. [PAR] Mrs. Hawkins [PAR] Jim's mother. The only female in the book makes her only brief appearance at the beginning of Treasure Island. Her character is most revealed in the actions that she takes in order to assure that she gets what is her due from Billy Bones treasure. By being able to go back and return to the inn in the face of grave danger, she sets an example that Jim follows later in the book. [PAR] Billy Bones [PAR] Billy Bones is the first pirate that Jim meets in the book - his appearance (ragged, scarred, ponytail, and a cut on his check) signals the end of tranquil at the inn. Despite his drinking (especially rum) and singing a song that is clearly a pirate tune, his seeking out the Admiral Benbow inn is a sign that he does not want to be captured. Although Billy Bones demonstrates this dubious behavior, Jim is not afraid of him and even enjoys the excitement that the seaman brings to the otherwise isolated island. In return, Billy Bones is kind to the young boy. Billy Bones is a precursor to one side of Long John Silver's personality, the kind, gentle, parental side that is present when he aligns with the \"good\" men. Although he is blustery, beneath it all he is good-hearted. Jim is genuinely sad when he passes away at the end of the first part of the book, from a stroke. [PAR] Dr. Livesey [PAR] From the moment that Dr. Livesey appears in Treasure Island, he is depicted as an arbitrator who is fair, intelligent, fearless, and well-organized. As he becomes involved in the treasure hunt, he also shows consideration and kindness to Jim, thus, becoming one of many surrogate parental figures to Jim in the course of the novel. Dr. Livesey is also a narrator of the novel (although only for a few chapters). These chapters are not nearly as colorful or as emotionally charged as the chapters that are narrated by the younger Jim. His descriptions further his characterizations as a scientist, who is most concerned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the Modern day Mesopotamia Countries What are the Modern day Mesopotamia Countries [PAR] New Articles [PAR] What are the Modern Mesopotamia Countries [PAR] Modern Mesopotamia is the country now known as Iraq. The region, which once heralded the birth of a very rich civilization, contributed much to the world. It is now a place ravaged by warfare for the last decade. The place formed the cradle of the Assyrian, Babylonian and Sumerian civilizations. In Greek, Mesopotamia means the 'land between the rivers'. [PAR] Modern Mesopotamia comprises not only modern day Iraq, but also the area around the famous Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Even parts of the north and east of Syria as well as some parts of south east Turkey, is also considered part of what was Mesopotamia in ancient times. In ancient times, groups of hunters and gatherers settled between the two great rivers to form the greatest human civilization. [PAR] If you turn on your TV, you will find the greatest civilization known to humans is under duress and struggling to stay afloat under repeated foreign and domestic threats. Death and suffering is the order of the day in Iraq which was very much a part of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization. [PAR] The geographical advantages of Mesopotamia allowed the hunters to give up their nomadic lifestyle and concentrate on creating a stable statehood, law and culture. [PAR] Triggered future civilizations: [PAR] The civilization created by the people triggered future civilizations in the west and the east. There were many exchanges during the period which led to a further enrichment of the culture. [PAR] Civilizations have always prospered on the banks of the famous rivers and ancient Mesopotamia was no exception. The rivers always were a mixed blessing. The strip of land in ancient Mesopotamia known as the Fertile Crescent includes parts of Syria, Lebanon and Israel as well. [PAR] Rivers not only flooded the region resulting in destruction of crops, but also provided a route for invaders to come in as well. The flooding also deposited silt that always kept the land fertile for a prolonged period. The channel also acted as a convenient route for trade with other countries and communities that prospered in the region and the people soon evolved into famous philosophers, lawmakers and leaders."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Diseases \u2013 Ovine / Sheep - Thermo Fisher Scientific Ovine / Sheep | Thermo Fisher Scientific [PAR] Bluetounge Virus (BTV) [PAR] Epidemiology [PAR] Bluetongue, or catarrhal fever, is caused by a double-stranded RNA virus of the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. It is a noncontagious disease transmitted by insects to wild and domesticated ruminants, especially sheep. [PAR] Signs [PAR] Seven or eight days after infection, sheep develop acute signs\u2014high temperature, lethargy, and self-isolation from the herd. Shortly after the rise in temperature, the buccal mucosa becomes red and swollen, and large volumes of foamy saliva are produced. The tongue swells up and in some cases turns blue (hence the name of the disease). The crown of the unguis becomes red and painful. Affected animals can limp and ewes may abort. In most cases, growth is retarded and there is coat loss. Severely affected sheep may die eight to 10 days into the infection. [PAR] In cattle and goats, the infection is usually asymptomatic. When there are signs in cattle, the most common are hyperthermia, abortion towards the end of gestation (in the eighth month), edema (of the udders, teats, vulva, and hocks), and erythema (mucosa, teats, and udders). [PAR] The spread of BTV [PAR] Bluetongue was first reported in 1876 in South Africa. While it used to be believed that is was confined to Africa, over the last 10 years the disease has spread to Asia, the southern United States, Australia, and southern Europe. A total of 24 different serotypes of the bluetongue virus are known, of which eight have been reported in Europe (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 16). [PAR] Regulatory requirements vary by country; products may not be available in your geographic area. [PAR] VETBTAII5,VETBTAII2 [PAR] Border Disease (BD) Top [PAR] Epidemiology [PAR] The BVD virus is a small, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Pestivirus. Two other animal viruses belong to this genus, namely the viruses that cause border disease (BD) in sheep and classical swine fever (CSF) in pigs.The virus that causes bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) was first identified in 1946. The disease is found throughout the world and its prevalence among animals exposed to the virus ranges from 30\u201380% in different countries and regions. [PAR] BVD impacts fertility in the herd [PAR] The infection compromises the herd's fertility and induces the return of heat following death of the embryo when the cow is infected between the first and second months of gestation. Abortion and birth defects are possible throughout gestation. [PAR] BVD-PI animals serve as a reservoir of infection [PAR] A common consequence of prenatal infection by members of this viral genus is the birth of infected offspring that are permanently immunotolerant (BVD-persistent infection (BVD-PI)), which disseminate the virus throughout the herd. BVD-PI animals (i.e., those infected between the second and the fourth months of gestation) carry the virus throughout their lifetime and constantly secrete large numbers of viral particles. This group therefore constitutes a major source of infection for the rest of the herd. In addition, BVD-PI animals sooner or later develop the fatal form of BVD called mucosal disease (MD). The number of BVD-PI animals in an infected herd is of the order of 1% (although the percentage can be as high as 27%) and detecting them is primordial in the control of Pestivirus disease. [PAR] Regulatory requirements vary by country; products may not be available in your geographic area. [PAR] BVDAL5,BVDI1,BVDI5,BVDIL5,BVDILA5,BVDSET,RBDG,RBVD,RILA,VETBVDAG1,VETBVDAG5,VETBVDAG1 [PAR] Chlamydiosis Top [PAR] In ruminants, chlamydiosis is a contagious disease caused by a bacterium that also infects birds and humans. It can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Tiger Woods' Real First Name? - About.com Sports What Is Tiger Woods' Real First Name? [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] Question: Tiger Woods First Name: What is Tiger's Real First Name? [PAR] Answer: What is Tiger Woods' first name? Everyone knows him as \"Tiger,\" but everyone also knows that isn't his given first name, his birth name. [PAR] Tiger Woods ' real first name is \"Eldrick.\" I can find no source that explains why his parents gave him the name \"Eldrick.\" There doesn't necessarily have to be a reason (such as Woods being named after a relative), of course, beyond it being a name his parents liked and selected. [PAR] According to those baby name suggestion Web sites, \"Eldrick\" is of German or English origin, and is a variation of \"Eldridge\" or \"Aldric.\" The original meaning of the name was \"righteous ruler\" or \"sage ruler.\"[DOC] [TLE] What is Tiger Woods' Full, Given Name? - About.com Sports What Is Tiger Woods' Full, Given Name? [PAR] By Brent Kelley [PAR] Updated January 18, 2017. [PAR] \"Tiger Woods name\" is a common term that fans of Woods search for on the Web. Of course, what those searchers want to know is Tiger Woods ' real name - as in, his given name, his birth name, his full name. [PAR] We can answer all three of those questions at once by relaying what appears on Tiger's birth certificate. Tiger's full, given name is: [PAR] Eldrick Tont Woods [PAR] But everyone knows him as \"Tiger\" (and his father even had another nickname for him). If you'd like to know why he is called \"Tiger\" (and what the other nickname is), check out the Tiger Woods nickname page. [PAR] Tiger's First Name: 'Eldrick' [PAR] Why did Woods' parents give him the first name of \"Eldrick\"? There doesn't necessarily have to be a reason (such as Woods being named after a relative), of course, beyond it being a name his parents liked and selected. But one story we've heard is that Woods' mother picked the name because she was looking for something that started with an \"E\" (for Earl, Woods' father's name) and ended with a \"K\" (for Kultida, Woods' mother's name). [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Fastest Miles Ever Run [PAR] According to those baby name suggestion Web sites, \"Eldrick\" is of German or English origin, and is a variation of \"Eldridge\" or \"Aldric.\" The original meaning of the name was \"righteous ruler\" or \"sage ruler.\" [PAR] Funny thing is, there doesn't appear to be any point in Woods' life when he was actually called by his given name. He's always been \"Tiger\" to family and friends. In the earliest days of his fame as a golfer, while still a teen, some news reports did identify him as \"Eldrick (Tiger) Woods,\" but the Eldrick quickly disappeared once Woods became truly famous. [PAR] Related: Did Woods legally change his first name to 'Tiger'? [PAR] Tiger's Middle Name: 'Tont' [PAR] Woods doesn't list his middle name on his official Web site, and \"Tont\" was only widely revealed as his middle name when legal documents relating to his divorce from Elin Nordegren became public around 2010. [PAR] \"Tont,\" according to various sources, is a traditional Thai name. Woods' mother, Kultida , is from Thailand. [PAR] We've seen the name \"Tont\" written in Thai script a few times. And if you take those script characters and plug them into Google Translate, an English translation of \"beginning\" is what you get."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Haiti charity single tops UK chart BBC News - Haiti charity single tops UK chart [PAR] Haiti charity single tops UK chart [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Everybody Hurts music video [PAR] Everybody Hurts, recorded to help Haiti's earthquake victims, has sold more than 453,000 copies in its first week to go straight to number one. [PAR] The record has notched up the biggest first week sales of any charity track this century, the Official UK Charts Company (OCC) has confirmed. [PAR] The REM cover features a host of stars including Leona Lewis, Kylie Minogue, Robbie Williams and Take That. [PAR] The recording of the Helping Haiti song was organised by Simon Cowell. [PAR] 'Huge record' [PAR] Proceeds will be split between the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) and The Sun newspaper's Helping Haiti campaign. [PAR] The song moves ahead of The X Factor Finalist's version of Hero as the charity song selling the most copies in its first week of release since 2000. [PAR] Westlife's Uptown Girl, released in aid of Comic Relief, falls back to third place. [PAR] UK TOP FIVE SINGLES [PAR] 1 Everybody Hurts - Helping Haiti [PAR] 2 Fireflies - Owl City [PAR] 3 If We Ever Meet Again - Timbaland ft Katy Perry [PAR] 4 Empire State of Mind - Alicia Keys [PAR] 5 Don't Stop Believin' - Glee cast [PAR] Source: Official Charts Company [PAR] What is Everybody Hurts about? [PAR] The OCC's Martin Talbot said: \"The public have clearly taken the plight of the Haitian people to heart - this record is huge.\" [PAR] HMV spokesman Gennaro Castaldo added: \"It's already the biggest seller of the year so far, and is now likely to go on to be the number one single of 2010.\" [PAR] Elsewhere in the singles chart, the cast of Glee notched up another top 10 hit with their medley of Halo and Walking On Sunshine, in at nine. [PAR] Their cover of Don't Stop Believin' is in fifth place, while another mashup from the hit TV show becomes a new entry at 14. [PAR] In the album chart, Alicia Keys' The Element of Freedom remains at number one, with Andre Rieu's collection of Viennese waltz music still in second spot. [PAR] Sade's comeback album Soldier of Love enters the rundown at four, with Heligoland by Massive Attack new at six. [PAR] Albums from Michael Buble and the Black Eyed Peas enjoyed a resurgence, clambering back into the top 10. [PAR] Bookmark with:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Horse black head shape of a chess piece Icons | Free Download Horse black head shape of a chess piece Icons | Free Download [PAR] Animal faces collection 4,165 48 4 months ago [PAR] Cartoon animals 625 16 4 weeks ago [PAR] Horse head logos 13,941 63 2 years ago [PAR] Horse logo 26,188 148 2 years ago [PAR] 26 1 3 weeks ago [PAR] Black head horse side view with horsehair 15,013 36 2 years ago [PAR] Horses pack 8,898 48 2 years ago [PAR] Black horse head vector illustration 22,941 42 3 years ago [PAR] Horse heads outlines 7,681 44 2 years ago [PAR] Horse head in a horseshoe 8,633 13 2 years ago [PAR] Sketchy red horse head silhouette 11,195 76 3 years ago [PAR] Horse face logo template 6,474 51 2 years ago [PAR] Calligraphic horse 5,101 62 2 years ago [PAR] Horse head side view inside a horseshoe 6,365 8 2 years ago [PAR] Horse head close up 437 4 4 months ago [PAR] Polygonal horse 2,745 72 1 years ago [PAR] Animals head frames 2,173 37 1 years ago [PAR] Year of the horse background 7,174 18 3 years ago [PAR] Horse head silhouette tribal tatoo template 10,614 44 3 years ago [PAR] Horse black head silhouette of a chess piece 4,193 4 2 years ago [PAR] Unicorn horse head with a horn and wings 3,449 13 2 years ago [PAR] Knight chess piece 3,655 5 2 years ago [PAR] Horse head with hair outline 3,666 12 2 years ago [PAR] Flat Animal Heads Collection 765 31 12 months ago [PAR] Gift big box 39,008 115 2 years ago [PAR] Earth 36,563 92 2 years ago [PAR] Precious diamond jewelry 18,145 43 2 years ago [PAR] Attention 3,429 12 9 months ago [PAR] Lips of female sexy mouth 17,537 32 2 years ago [PAR] Original 3,208 5 9 months ago [PAR] Royalty crown 16,086 32 2 years ago [PAR] Stars 2,986 26 9 months ago [PAR] Pointed star silhouette 14,153 20 2 years ago [PAR] Hexagon geometrical shape outline 11,955 22 2 years ago [PAR] Batman head cover 10,924 44 2 years ago [PAR] Qr Code 1,859 5 8 months ago [PAR] Woman black lips shape 10,605 25 2 years ago [PAR] Human shoes footprints 10,360 8 2 years ago [PAR] Question mark 1,024 7 5 months ago [PAR] Royal crown of triangles grid design 9,447 24 2 years ago [PAR] One finger of a black hand, IOS 7 interface symbol 8,887 10 2 years ago [PAR] Air Conditioning 1,707 9 9 months ago [PAR] Psi 1,472 2 8 months ago [PAR] Olive branches award symbol 8,491 22 2 years ago [PAR] Heart black shape for valentines 21,442 37 2 years ago [PAR] Danger 1,478 8 9 months ago [PAR] Rank 1,329 4 9 months ago [PAR] Fingerprint heart shape 7,116 42 2 years ago [PAR] Yin Yang 1,191 3 8 months ago [PAR] Star 385 2 3 months ago [PAR] Earth grid symbol 7,231 12 2 years ago [PAR] Gender Symbols 1,072 2 8 months ago [PAR] Question 1,089 5 8 months ago [PAR] Star 601 1 5 months ago [PAR] Mermaid side view silhouette 6,397 28 2 years ago [PAR] Tooth outline 6,151 6 2 years ago [PAR] Baby footprints 6,197 19 2 years ago [PAR] Caution 1,177 1 9 months ago [PAR] Bar Code 1,196 3 9 months ago[DOC] [TLE] Horse black head shape of chess piece from side view Icons ... Horse black head shape of chess piece from side view Icons | Free Download [PAR] Animal faces"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speech on the Septennial Act - Wikisource, the free online ... Speech on the Septennial Act - Wikisource, the free online library [PAR] Speech on the Septennial Act [PAR] From Wikisource [PAR] sister projects : data item . [PAR] This speech was delivered by Sir Robert Walpole on the motion to repeal the Septennial Bill, delivered in the House of Commons, 1734, in reply to Sir William Wyndham. It is included in Select British Eloquence by Chauncey A. Goodrich, D.D., published New York, 1865. Footnotes, editorial insertions, and the explanation of the aftermath are by Chauncey A. Goodrich, 1865. [PAR] 141550Speech on the Septennial Act, in reply to Sir William WyndhamRobert Walpole1734 [PAR] Sir,\u2014I do assure you, I did not intend to have troubled you on this occasion. But such incidents now generally happen toward the end of our debates, nothing at all relating to the subject; and gentlemen make such suppositions (meaning some person, or perhaps, as they say, no person now in being), and talk so much of wicked ministers, domineering ministers, ministers pluming themselves in defiances\u2014which terms, and such like, have been of late so much made use of in this House\u2014that if they really mean nobody either in the House or out of it, yet it must be supposed they at least mean to call upon some gentlemen in this House to make them a reply. I hope, therefore, I may be allowed to draw a picture in my turn; and I may likewise say, that I do not mean to give a description of any particular person now in being. When gentlemen talk of ministers abandoned to all sense of virtue or honor, other gentlemen may, I am sure, with equal justice, and, I think, more justly, speak of anti-ministers and mock-patriots, who never had either virtue or honor; but in the whole course of their opposition are actuated only by motives of envy, and of resentment against those who have disappointed them in their views, or may not perhaps have complied with all their desires. [PAR] But now, sir, let me too suppose, and the House being cleared, I am sure no one that hears me can come within the description of the person I am to suppose. Let us suppose in this, or in some other unfortunate country, an anti-minister, who thinks himself a person of so great and extensive parts, and of so many eminent qualifications, that he looks upon himself as the only person in the kingdom capable to conduct the public affairs of the nation; and therefore christening every other gentleman who has the honor to be employed in the administration by the name of Blunderer. Suppose this fine gentleman lucky enough to have gained over to his party some persons really of fine parts, of ancient families, and of great fortunes, and others of desperate views, arising from disappointed and malicious hearts; all these gentlemen, with respect to their political behavior, moved by him, and by him solely; all they say, either in private or in public, being only a repetition of the words he has put into their mouths, and a spitting out of that venom which he has infused into them; and yet we may suppose this leader not really liked by any, even of those who so blindly follow him, and hated by all the rest of mankind. We will suppose this anti-minister to be in a country where he really ought not to be, and where he could not have been but by an effect of too much goodness and mercy; yet endeavoring,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars - enotes.com The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars [PAR] Cassius: [PAR] \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, [PAR] But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] Cassius, a nobleman, is speaking with his friend, Brutus, and trying to persuade him that, in the best interests of the public, Julius Caesar must be stopped from becoming monarch of Rome. Brutus is aware of Caesar's intentions, and is torn between his love of his friend Caesar and his duty to the republic. Cassius continues by reminding Brutus that Caesar is just a man, not a god, and that they are equal men to Caesar. They were all born equally free, and so why would they suddenly have to bow to another man? On another level this phrase has been interpreted to mean that fate is not what drives men to their decisions and actions, but rather the human condition.[DOC] [TLE] the fault is not in our stars but in ourselves | Tumblr the fault is not in our stars but in ourselves | Tumblr [PAR] the fault is not in our stars but in ourselves [PAR] <> [PAR] The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves. [PAR] \u2014 William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar [PAR] D-2 !!!! [PAR] Can\u2019t wait to finish my second last paper. [PAR] Some of my julius caesar notes, they aren\u2019t really completed yet ! drew a little roman arch for the man himself even though he died in the first half of the book. :\u2019-) [PAR] \u201dthe fault, dear brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves, for we are underlings.\u201d [PAR] ps. also keeping up with the election and it\u2019s giving me anxiety [PAR] Reblog [PAR] the signs as star quotes [PAR] Aries: \u201cThe nitrogen in our DNA, the calcium in our teeth, the iron in our blood, the carbon in our apple pies were made in the interiors of collapsing stars. We are made of starstuff.\u201d \u2014Carl Sagan [PAR] Taurus: \u201cEach star is a mirror reflecting the truth inside you.\u201d \u2014Aberjhani [PAR] Gemini: \"The cosmos is within us. We are made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself.\u201d \u2014Carl Sagan [PAR] Cancer: \u201cYours is the light by which my spirit's born: - you are my sun, my moon, and all my stars.\u201d \u2014e. e. cummings [PAR] Leo: \u201cThere is no shortage of fault to be found amid our stars.\u201d \u2014John Green [PAR] Virgo: \u201cIt is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves.\u201d \u2014Lisa Mantchev [PAR] Libra: \u201cStars are the scars of the universe.\u201d \u2014Ricky Maye [PAR] Scorpio: \u201cWhen it is dark enough, you can see the stars.\u201d \u2014Ralph Waldo Emerson [PAR] Sagittarius: \u201cMoonlight drowns out all but the brightest stars.\u201d \u2014J.R.R. Tolkien [PAR] Capricorn: \u201cNon est ad astra mollis e terris via.\" (\u201dThere is no easy way from the earth to the stars.\u201d) \u2014Seneca [PAR] Aquarius: \u201cAre we human because we gaze at the stars, or do we gaze at the stars because we are human?\u201d \u2014Neil Gaiman [PAR] Pisces: \u201cThough my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light; I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night.\u201d \u2014Sarah Williams [PAR] The fault is not in our stars, but in ourselves. [PAR] \u2014"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Austria - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette Austria - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette [PAR] Austria Guide [PAR] Award-Winning Culture Guides [PAR] 80+ country-specific guides covering country characteristics, the people, language, culture, etiquette, business protocol, communication styles and much more . [PAR] Austria Guide [PAR] Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette [PAR] Facts and Statistics [PAR] Location: Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia bordering Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km [PAR] Capital: Vienna [PAR] Climate: temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers [PAR] Population: 8,223,062 (July 2014 est.) [PAR] Ethnic Make-up: German 88.5%, indigenous minorities 1.5% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma), recent immigrant groups 10% (includes Turks, Bosnians, Serbians, Croatians) (2001) [PAR] Religions: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 4%, other 17% [PAR] Government: federal republic [PAR] Language in Austria [PAR] German is the official language spoken by 98% of the population as mother tongue. There are distinct differences between the many regional dialects, and also a wide variation in the 'standard' Hochdeutsch spoken from region to region. Slovene is an official language in the southern province of Carinthia. Other minority languages include Croatian (0.5%) and Hungarian (0.1%). All three languages are taught alongside German in some bilingual schools. Another minority language is Slovak. [PAR] Austrian Society & Culture [PAR] Austrian Family Values [PAR] The family forms the basis of the Austrian social structure. [PAR] The family is generally small and, due to lack of migration, generally closely knit within a certain town or village. [PAR] Weekends are generally devoted to family activities such as outdoor activities. [PAR] Eating dinner together in the evening is very much the norm. [PAR] Sundays re usually bookmarked for visiting grandparents for dinner, and/or, enjoying a hike in the country together. [PAR] The Austrian Home [PAR] Austrians take much pride in their homes, keeping them neat and tidy. [PAR] In a formal culture such as theirs, the home is the place where people relax and let their hair down. [PAR] Only close friends and relatives are invited into the house, so it is a place where more informal communication may occur. [PAR] Neighbourly etiquette also has its rules that must be observed. It is imperative that common areas such as sidewalks, pavements, corridors (in flats), and steps be kept clean at all times by all associated with them. [PAR] Conservatism [PAR] Austrians are generally conservative people. [PAR] They are prudent and moderate in their behaviour. [PAR] 'Regimentation' and 'compartmentalization' are a useful ways of describing how they organise their lives. [PAR] They extend social invitations in advance of the event, and the more formal the occasion the greater the time between the invitation and the event itself, so that they can be certain that their guests do not have a prior engagement. [PAR] Appearances Matter [PAR] Presentation and dressing well are important to Austrians. [PAR] Even when dressed informally, they are neat and conservative; their clothes are never ostentatious. [PAR] There is sometimes a strict protocol for dressing appropriately in different situations: formal wear for the theatre or a concert, and semiformal wear for better restaurants. [PAR] Some high level events may have a dress code and will turn away patrons who are not dressed properly. [PAR] Most Austrian women dress up to go shopping, since they dress elegantly, if conservatively, at all times, especially when they will be public. [PAR] Austrian Etiquette & Customs [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Governor of the Bank of England - Press releases - GOV.UK Governor of the Bank of England - Press releases - GOV.UK [PAR] Governor of the Bank of England [PAR] From: [PAR] First published: [PAR] 26 November 2012 [PAR] This news article was published under the 2010 to 2015 Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government [PAR] Her Majesty the Queen has been pleased to approve the appointment of Mark Carney as Governor of the Bank of England from 1 July 2013. [PAR] Her Majesty the Queen has been pleased to approve the appointment of Mark Carney as Governor of the Bank of England from 1 July 2013. He will succeed Sir Mervyn King. [PAR] Welcoming the appointment the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon George Osborne MP, said: [PAR] Mark Carney is the outstanding candidate to be Governor of the Bank of England and help steer Britain through these difficult economic times. He is quite simply the best, most experienced and most qualified person in the world to do the job. [PAR] He has done a brilliant job for the Canadian economy as its central bank Governor, avoiding big bail outs and securing growth. He has been chosen by the rest of the world to be the chair of the international body, the Financial Stability Board, charged with strengthening global financial regulation after the financial crisis. [PAR] Along with its central role in monetary policy, this Government has put the Bank of England back in charge of regulating our financial system so that we don\u2019t repeat the mistakes of the last decade. Mark Carney is the perfect candidate to take charge of the Bank as it takes on these vital new responsibilities. He will bring strong leadership and a fresh new perspective. [PAR] I look forward to working with Mark as we continue to rebalance our economy, deal with our debts, and equip Britain to succeed in the global race. We needed the best - and in Mark Carney we\u2019ve got it. [PAR] Notes for editors [PAR] Mr Carney is currently Governor of the Bank of Canada, having taken up his office on 1 February 2008. He also currently serves as Chairman of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). He is also a member of the Group of Thirty, and of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum. [PAR] Prior to becoming the Governor of the Bank of Canada, Mr Carney was Senior Associate Deputy Minister of Finance (2004 - 2007) and Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada (2003 - 2004). Prior to that, Mr Carney had a thirteen-year career with Goldman Sachs in its London, Tokyo, New York and Toronto offices. Mr Carney has a bachelor\u2019s degree in economics from Harvard University (1983 - 1988) and a Masters and Doctorate in economics from Nuffield College, Oxford University (1991 - 1995). [PAR] Mr Carney was born in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada in 1965. As a Canadian citizen he is a subject of Her Majesty The Queen. He is married to Diana Fox Carney, an economist and British citizen. They have four daughters. Mr Carney has indicated he intends to apply for British citizenship. [PAR] Mr Carney has indicated he intends to serve for five years. [PAR] Under the Bank of England Act 1998, as expected to be amended by the Financial Services Bill which is currently being considered by Parliament, the Governor of the Bank of England is appointed by Her Majesty the Queen on advice from the Prime"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr No (1962) - James Bond is sent to Jamaica to ... - MI6 Dr No (1962) - James Bond is sent to Jamaica to investigate what is causing interference with American space launches on the island of Crab Key. Bond and adventuress Honey Ryder find the answer to the mystery and come face to face with the diabolical Dr. No. - James Bond 007 :: MI6 - The Home Of James Bond [PAR] Felix Leiter Jack Lord [PAR] Mission [PAR] James Bond is sent to Jamaica to investigate what is causing interference with American space launches on the island of Crab Key. Bond and adventuress Honey Ryder find the answer to the mystery and come face to face with the diabolical Dr. No. [PAR] Locations [PAR] London, UK; Kingston, Jamaica; Crab Key. [PAR] Pre-Credits Sequence [PAR] The only film in the series not to include a \"pre-credits sequence\", as the opening of the movie begins with electronic noises and the names of the producers displayed. The title sequence is composed of sequences of dots to the James Bond theme. [PAR] Title [PAR] As with Ian Fleming's novel, the central villain lends his name to the title of the film. [PAR] Release Data [PAR] UK: 5th October 1962 (PG) [PAR] USA: 8th May 1963 (PG) [PAR] World Premiere: 5th October 1962 (London Pavilion, UK) [PAR] UK TV Premiere: 28th October 1975, ITV [PAR] US TV Premiere: 10th November 1974, ABC [PAR] Running Time: 105 minutes [PAR] Classification: PG (UK), PG (US) [PAR] Budget: $1.0m [PAR] Bond: \"Bond... James Bond.\" [PAR] Best Mistake [PAR] At one point Bond picks a thug up with his left hand and prepares to lay into him with his right. However, he then hits him with his left hand. [PAR] Distinguishing feature [PAR] The first time Bond uses a Walther PPK, replacing his preferred Beretta. [PAR] Vital Statistics [PAR] \"Bond, James Bond\": 1 [PAR] Cut Scenes & Alternate Versions [PAR] The ending had originally featured Honey being attacked by land crabs when Bond rescues her. The crabs moved too slowly to be really menacing and the ending was reshot without the crabs. Still photographs of the earlier ending can be seen on the special edition DVD. [PAR] During the Dent execution, most TV versions omit Bond's second gunshot into Dent's back. [PAR] Some TV versions shorten the opening scenes to speed up Bond's introduction. In particular a scene featuring a fellow agent arriving at the casino in search of Bond is cut, and the card game with Sylvia Trench begins just prior to the famous \"Bond, James Bond\" introduction, omitting the lengthy lead-up in the original. [PAR] Some foreign prints omit the scene entirely. Alternate versions of some scenes were filmed for European markets, including a somewhat more revealing scene involving the character Miss Taro. [PAR] MI6 Ranking [PAR] Fan Ranking [PAR] The only Bond film to not include some variation of \"James Bond will return\" in the closing credits [PAR] You Might Also Like"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CRW Flags - Flag of Yorkshire, England , United Kingdom Yorkshire (England) [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Yorkshire (England) [PAR] English regions [PAR] The Yorkshire flag [PAR] The Flag Registry describes the flag as \"Traditional design, registered by County Organization\", the organization presumably being the Yorkshire Riding Society. Both the picture and Graham Bartram's comment about the Lancastrian flag confirm that the orientation of the rose favoured by the YRS has been registered, so the rose sits on a point and three of the lines between petals form a 'Y'. [PAR] Jonathan Dixon, 31 July 2008 [PAR] My understanding was always that the Yorkshire rose 'sat' on two point not one - therefore Ken Bagnall's flag is upside down. [PAR] Richard Carter, 20 April 2003 [PAR] Well, there is certainly some kind of 'urban legend' that a Yorkshire rose rests on one point, so that (some of) the lines between the petals form a letter Y for Yorkshire. I've never been able to trace the origins of this. Certainly, all the roses in the arms of the three Ridings are 'conventional' with the roses resting on two points. However, the roses on the Yorkshire Ridings Society (self-appointed guardians of Yorkshire heritage) do have the roses resting on one point on their home page at http://www.yorkshire-ridings.org.uk . [PAR] Ian Sumner, 21 April 2003 [PAR] The Yorkshire Rose traditionally rests on one point, two petals, this can be seen in the Coats of arms of some Yorkshire towns e.g., the Castleford coat of arms clearly shows the rose with one point down. [PAR] Matthew Newbould, 3 September 2005 [PAR] Just another one for the \"Which way up is the rose\" debate - on the M62, at the border of Yorkshire and Lancashire, there are each counties roses welcoming you into their county. The Yorkshire rose sits on one point, the Lancashire one sits on two. [PAR] Richard Webb, 7 January 2006 [PAR] What is the correct standing of the Yorkshire rose? Matthew Newbould quotes Castleford's arms (rose on point), yet clearly ignores Knottingley's arms (rose on side) and Doncaster's (one in each position). I have never seen anything which states which is historically most correct and have seen many inconsistent stained glass windows, coats of arms, etc. [PAR] White and Red roses are nearly always offset when combined in the Tudor rose and the modern Tudor rose is seated on a side (e.g., Queen's Tudor rose on the 20p piece). Hence the contemporary white rose is shown sitting on its point (e.g., Yorkshire tourist board, Yorkshire Regiment) and red rose on its side, agreeing with Richard Webb's M62 report. Just to confuse it, I got this odd picture of a so called \"union rose\" from Google . [PAR] David Clegg, 11 May 2006 [PAR] I noticed blue pennants being used on the Bridlington lifeboat. I wondered at the time whether they were connected with the fact that the lifeboat was being launched from a carriage - i.e. pulled across the beach and into the sea by a caterpillar-tracked tractor until it was in sufficient depth of water to float away. The pennants could have been some sort of hazard warning, or an indicator of width during the manoeuvre. However, a quick google has revealed the truth: see this image and this image . They are Yorkshire roses in pennant form! [PAR] Andr\ufffd Coutanche, 9 December 2006 [PAR] I have had this explained to me by more than one Yorkshireman, that one of the advantages of the flag as they see it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rainbow Trout or Steelhead - National Wildlife Federation Rainbow Trout or Steelhead - National Wildlife Federation [PAR] Rainbow Trout or Steelhead [PAR] Rainbow Trout or Steelhead [PAR] [PAR] Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Previous names include Salmo gairdneri and Salmo irideus. There are several subspecies.) [PAR] Description: Rainbow trout/steelhead are ray-finned fishes in the salmon family, and they are one of the top sport fish in North America. Rainbow trout and steelhead are the same species, but they have different lifestyles. Steelhead are anadromous, meaning they spend part of their lives in the sea, while rainbow trout spend their lives mostly or entirely in freshwater. Because of their different lifestyles rainbow trout and steelhead are different in appearance, most noticeably in size and color. Rainbow trout derive their name from their beautiful, multi-hued coloration. Their bodies are blue, green or yellowish, shading to silvery white on the underside, with a horizontal pink-red stripe running from the gills to the tail and black spots along their backs. Steelhead are generally more streamlined in shape and silvery or brassy in color as adults, earning them the name steelhead. [PAR] Size: Adult rainbow trout/steelhead range in size. They can reach 45 inches in length, but are usually much smaller. They can weigh over 50 pounds, but a more typical weight is 8 pounds. Because steelhead spend 2-3 years in fresh water followed by 2-3 years in the ocean, they are typically larger than rainbow trout, which live all of their lives in fresh or sometimes brackish water. [PAR] Diet: Rainbow trout/steelhead have a varied diet and will feed on just about anything, such as zooplankton when they\u2019re young, and as they mature, fish eggs, small fish, crustaceans, mollusks, insects and even mice. In habitats that are dense with aquatic vegetation, rainbow trout often have the opportunity to eat arthropods that fall into the stream. [PAR] Predation: Rainbow trout/steelhead are food for many different predators depending on the region and habitat. Their predators include lampreys, fish, birds, bears, river otters, raccoons, and humans. In the sea steelhead are eaten by many species including seals, sea lions and orcas. [PAR] Typical Lifespan: Four to six years in the wild. The largest rainbow trout ever caught was estimated to be 11 years old. [PAR] Habitat: All rainbow trout/steelhead occupy freshwater streams or lakes at some point in their lives. They use aquatic vegetation, boulders, and wood as protective cover. Steelhead spend the majority of the year in estuaries or open ocean and only return to freshwater to spawn. [PAR] Range: Rainbow trout/steelhead are native to North America west of the Rockies, but this popular fish has been introduced in almost every other state and on every continent except Antarctica. [PAR] Life History and Reproduction: Rainbow trout/steelhead are specially adapted to several different lifestyles. Some populations will stay in the same stream their whole lives. Others are anadromous, meaning that they spend their lives at sea and come back to the stream of their birth to spawn. When spawning, females dig out a depression called a redd in the gravelly bottom of stream riffle. She deposits her eggs in the depression and the male fertilizes them. They are covered up by the gravel and will remain there to hatch. [PAR] Fun Facts: [PAR] A group of rainbow trout is called a hover. [PAR] Unlike a salmon, which dies after spawning, steelhead trout can spawn, return to the ocean, and migrate back upstream to spawn several times. [PAR] Some offspring of two steelhead can stay in freshwater and be resident trout, and two offspring of resident rainbow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Sir Edward Heath - GOV.UK History of Sir Edward Heath - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Sir Edward Heath Conservative 1970 to 1974 [PAR] Born [PAR] 9 July 1916, Broadstairs, Kent [PAR] Died [PAR] 17 July 2005, Salisbury, Wiltshire [PAR] Dates in office [PAR] Industrial relations Act 1971 (repealed 1974): controversial legislation to curb union power. [PAR] Interesting facts [PAR] Arundells, Heath's home in Salisbury is open to the public. [PAR] Sir Edward Heath was Prime Minister during a time of industrial upheaval and economic decline during which he led Britain into the European Community. [PAR] Edward \u2018Ted\u2019 Heath was born in Kent to working class parents, in contrast to many previous Conservative leaders and Prime Ministers. He was grammar school educated before going to Balliol College, Oxford, where he was awarded an organ scholarship in his first term. He received a second class degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics and travelled widely in Europe during his holidays, especially in Spain and Germany. It was during these travels that he first witnessed the horrors of fascism and dictatorship that were sweeping across Europe. [PAR] Heath served in the Second World War, reaching the rank of Lieutenant Colonel before briefly entering the Civil Service. He was elected to Parliament in 1950 and rose rapidly to become Government Chief Whip to Anthony Eden before backing Harold Macmillan \u2018s attempt to lead the UK into the European Community. [PAR] He was elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1965, and so began his long-lasting rivalry with Harold Wilson, leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister. [PAR] Heath won the 1970 election, and served his only term as Prime Minister during a time of strong industrial change and economic decline. He was elected on a manifesto to turn around the nation\u2019s fortunes and pursued a number of policies that would later become identified with \u2018Thatcherism\u2019. Unemployment continued to rise which, combined with the strength of the trade unions, forced a famous U-turn on the government\u2019s economic policy. [PAR] It was from this point that the trade unions sensed they could seize the initiative. Heath\u2019s attempts to weaken their power had failed, and when their pay demands were not met, they went out on strike. Particularly crippling were the miners\u2019 strikes of 1972 and 1974, the second of which led to the 3-day week, when electricity was limited to 3 consecutive days\u2019 use. [PAR] Heath also worked to create a lasting peace in Northern Ireland. [PAR] Heath continued to serve in the House of Commons until 2001, becoming the Father of the House. Along with Harold Macmillan, he was an outspoken critic of Margaret Thatcher . Outside of politics he maintained lifelong passions for conducting and playing music, as well as sailing, notably winning the Admiral\u2019s Cup while Prime Minister."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russell Crowe - Biography - IMDb Russell Crowe - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Russell Crowe [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 137 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (72) | Personal Quotes (47) | Salary (7) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 11\u00bd\" (1.82 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Russell Ira Crowe was born in Wellington, New Zealand, to Jocelyn Yvonne (Wemyss) and John Alexander Crowe, both of whom catered movie sets. His maternal grandfather, Stanley Wemyss, was a cinematographer. Crowe's recent ancestry includes Welsh (where his paternal grandfather was born, in Wrexham), English, Irish, Scottish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Maori (one of Crowe's maternal great-grandmothers, Erana Putiputi Hayes Heihi, was Maori). [PAR] Crowe's family moved to Australia when he was a small child, and Russell got the acting bug early in life. Beginning as a child star on a local Australian TV show, Russell's first big break came with two films ... the first, Romper Stomper (1992), gained him a name throughout the film community in Australia and the neighboring countries. The second, The Sum of Us (1994), helped put him on the American map, so to speak. Sharon Stone heard of him from Romper Stomper (1992) and wanted him for her film, The Quick and the Dead (1995). But filming on The Sum of Us (1994) had already begun. Sharon is reported to have held up shooting until she had her gunslinger-Crowe, for her film. With The Quick and the Dead (1995) under his belt as his first American film, the second was offered to him soon after. Virtuosity (1995), starring Denzel Washington , put Russell in the body of a Virtual Serial Killer, Sid6.7 ... a role unlike any he had played so far. Virtuosity (1995), a Sci-Fi extravaganza, was a fun film and, again, opened the door to even more American offers. L.A. Confidential (1997), Russell's third American film, brought him the US fame and attention that his fans have felt he deserved all along. Missing the Oscar nod this time around, he didn't seem deterred and signed to do his first film with The Walt Disney Company, Mystery, Alaska (1999). He achieved even more success and awards for his performances in Gladiator (2000) and A Beautiful Mind (2001). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Gustaf Molin <gumo@hem2.passagen.se> [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 7 April 2003 - present) (separated) (2 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (5) [PAR] Often works with directors Ron Howard and Ridley Scott . [PAR] Often plays characters based on real individuals [PAR] Frequently plays fathers or family who have usually suffered a loss [PAR] Trivia (72) [PAR] Cousin of former New Zealand international cricketers Jeff Crowe and Martin Crowe . [PAR] Lost his front tooth playing rugby when he was ten. Never got it fixed until, at the insistence of the director for The Crossing (1990), who paid for it out of his own pocket. [PAR] First lead role when he was 25. [PAR] Tried a music career as a rockabilly singer sporting a large pompadour hairdo, playing under the name Russ Le Roq. Titled his first single, \"I Want to Be Like Marlon Brando \". Later admitted that he had never even seen a Brando movie when he wrote and recorded the song. Ironically, he went on later to play Jor-El in Man of Steel (2013), the same character that Brando iconically performed in Superman (1978). [PAR] After filming Gladiator (2000), he and some friends took a 4,000 mile motorcycle trip around Australia. [PAR] Owns a 560-acre farm in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Does the Bible Say About Honey? - OpenBible.info What Does the Bible Say About Honey? [PAR] Proverbs 25:27 ESV / 44 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] It is not good to eat much honey, nor is it glorious to seek one's own glory. [PAR] 2 Samuel 17:29 ESV / 35 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] Honey and curds and sheep and cheese from the herd, for David and the people with him to eat, for they said, \u201cThe people are hungry and weary and thirsty in the wilderness.\u201d [PAR] Exodus 3:8 ESV / 35 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] And I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and broad land, a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites. [PAR] Psalm 81:16 ESV / 32 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] But he would feed you with the finest of the wheat, and with honey from the rock I would satisfy you.\u201d [PAR] Psalm 19:7-11 ESV / 31 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] The law of the Lord is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple; the precepts of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes; the fear of the Lord is clean, enduring forever; the rules of the Lord are true, and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, even much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and drippings of the honeycomb. Moreover, by them is your servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward. [PAR] Proverbs 25:16 ESV / 24 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] If you have found honey, eat only enough for you, lest you have your fill of it and vomit it. [PAR] Song of Solomon 4:11 ESV / 23 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] Your lips drip nectar, my bride; honey and milk are under your tongue; the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon. [PAR] Ezekiel 3:1-3 ESV / 21 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] And he said to me, \u201cSon of man, eat whatever you find here. Eat this scroll, and go, speak to the house of Israel.\u201d So I opened my mouth, and he gave me this scroll to eat. And he said to me, \u201cSon of man, feed your belly with this scroll that I give you and fill your stomach with it.\u201d Then I ate it, and it was in my mouth as sweet as honey. [PAR] Ezekiel 27:17 ESV / 18 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] Judah and the land of Israel traded with you; they exchanged for your merchandise wheat of Minnith, meal, honey, oil, and balm. [PAR] Exodus 16:31 ESV / 17 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] Now the house of Israel called its name manna. It was like coriander seed, white, and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey. [PAR] Psalm 19:10 ESV / 16 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] More to be desired are they than gold, even much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and drippings of the honeycomb. [PAR] 2 Kings 18:32 ESV / 15 helpful votes [PAR] Helpful [PAR] Not Helpful [PAR] Until I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Hogarth: Portraits of 18th century London. on ... 1000+ images about William Hogarth: Portraits of 18th century London. on Pinterest | Portrait, British and The south [PAR] Forward [PAR] William Hogarth - A Rake's Progress - Plate 3 - The Tavern Scene-The third painting depicts a wild party or orgy underway at a brothel. The whores are stealing the drunken Tom's watch. On the floor is a night watchman's staff and lantern. The scene takes place at the Rose Tavern, a famous brothel in Covent Garden. The prostitutes have black spots on their faces to cover syphilitic sores. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gay Gooners | Fans | Arsenal.com Gay Gooners | Fans | Arsenal.com [PAR] Search the entire site [PAR] Gay Gooners [PAR] Gay Gooners is Arsenal Football Club\u2019s supporters group for LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans) fans. [PAR] Established in February 2013, they are the first and largest LGBTQ fans group for a major football club in England, with hundreds of members in the UK and overseas. [PAR] Gay Gooners exists to provide a social group for LGBTQ Arsenal fans and their friends to meet up , provide a safe and welcoming space, and campaign to kick homophobia out of football. [PAR] Gay Gooners holds meet-ups near Emirates Stadium before home fixtures, gatherings to watch big away games and organises regular social events. It also represents the club on the annual London Pride parade every summer. [PAR] The group\u2019s banner is displayed inside Emirates Stadium after being unveiled on the pitch by club legend Pat Rice MBE. [PAR] Gay Gooners is further evidence of Arsenal Football Club\u2019s ongoing commitment to the Arsenal for Everyone initiative. The group is proud of the club\u2019s leading role in the Rainbow Laces campaign including the 2014 Changing Room TV advert featuring Arsenal players promoting an inclusive message through the club\u2019s betting partner, Paddy Power. [PAR] Gay Gooners\u2019 patron and lifelong Arsenal supporter, comedian Matt Lucas says he is \u201cimmensely proud of and grateful to the club\u201d for its Arsenal for Everyone initiative and how \u201cyoung gay fans now feel included by the club in a way my generation never could\u201d. [PAR] Gay Gooners work with the club to tackle homophobia and most recently worked with Arsenal fans ahead of the Brighton & Hove Albion fixture in January 2015 which has seen incidents of homophobic chants from away supporters. [PAR] Members of the group also took part in the club\u2019s annual Arsenal for Everyone tournament in June 2015 at the club\u2019s training centre. [PAR] Members receive regular newsletters about forthcoming events and LGBT football news. To find out more, visit www.gaygooners.com or view their Facebook page www.facebook.com/ArsenalsLGBTfans or follow on Twitter via @gaygooners[DOC] [TLE] Dover Gooners_Home Dover Gooners_Home [PAR] Foreign Eye [PAR] Honorary life president: Peter Hill Wood [PAR] The Dover Gooners Supporters Club is independent from the Arsenal Football Club PLC (company number) 109244 London England [PAR] and all it\u2019s associated and group companies and has no authority to bind, contract , negotiate on it\u2019s behalf or otherwise represent itself as connected in any way with it. [PAR] all text and images copyright\u00a9 Dover Gooners"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stephen Fry - Mashable Stephen Fry [PAR] Topics [PAR] Stephen Fry [PAR] Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English actor, comedian, author and television presenter. With Hugh Laurie, as the comedy double act Fry and Laurie, he co-wrote and co-starred in A Bit of Fry and Laurie, and the duo also played the title roles in Jeeves and Wooster. Fry played the lead in the film Wilde, was Melchett in the Blackadder television series and is the host of the panel comedy trivia show, QI. He has contributed columns and articles for newspapers and magazines, and has written four novels and an autobiography, Moab Is My Washpot. He has also presented his 2008 television series Stephen Fry in America, which saw him travelling across all 50 states in six episodes. [PAR] 8 Recent Stories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Old Age Pensions Act - Spartacus Educational Old Age Pensions Act [PAR] Old Age Pensions Act [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] Old Age Pensions Act [PAR] In 1902 George Barnes , General Secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, formed the National Committee of Organised Labour for Old Age Pension. Barnes spent the next three years travelling the country urging this social welfare reform. The measure was extremely popular and was an important factor in Barnes being able to defeat Andrew Bonar Law , the Conservative cabinet minister in the 1906 General Election . [PAR] David Lloyd George, the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Liberal government led by Herbert Asquith in 1908, was also an opponent of the Poor Law in Britain. He was determined to take action that in his words would \"lift the shadow of the workhouse from the homes of the poor\". He believed the best way of doing this was to guarantee an income to people who were to old to work. In 1908 Lloyd George introduced the Old Age Pensions Act that provided between 1s. and 5s. a week to people over seventy. These pensions were only paid to citizens on incomes that were not over 12s. [PAR] Although most Labour Party members of the House of Commons welcomed Lloyd George's reforms, politicians such as James Keir Hardie , George Barnes , Fred Jowett , Joseph Clynes , and George Lansbury argued that the level of benefits were far too low. They also complained that the pensions should be universal and disliked what was later to be called the Means Test aspect of these reforms. [PAR] To pay for these pensions David Lloyd George had to raise government revenues by an additional \u00a316 million a year. In 1909 Lloyd George announced what became known as the People's Budget. This included increases in taxation. Whereas people on lower incomes were to pay 9d in the pound, those on annual incomes of over \u00a33,000 had to pay 1s. 2d. in the pound. Lloyd George also introduced a new supertax of 6d. in the pound for those earning \u00a35000 a year. Other measures included an increase in death duties on the estates of the rich and heavy taxes on profits gained from the ownership and sale of property. [PAR] The Conservatives , who had a large majority in the House of Lords , objected to this attempt to redistribute wealth, and made it clear that they intended to block these proposals. Lloyd George reacted by touring the country making speeches in working-class areas on behalf of the budget and portraying the nobility as men who were using their privileged position to stop the poor from receiving their old age pensions . [PAR] After a long struggle with the House of Lords Lloyd George finally got his budget through parliament. As a result of this conflict, the Liberal Government passed the 1911 Parliament Act that restricted the power of the House of Lords to block legislation passed by the House of Commons .[DOC] [TLE] THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER. (Hansard, 29 April 1909) THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER. (Hansard, 29 April 1909) [PAR] THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER. [PAR] HC Deb 29 April 1909 vol 4 cc549-611 [PAR] Mr. AUSTEN CHAMBERLAIN [PAR] The right hon. Gentleman has rightly said that he has had a task of almost unprecedented difficulty to discharge. I am quite certain that I express the opinion of Members on all sides of the House when I offer him my congratulations upon the manner in which he has discharged that task. But"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keele on \"University Challenge\" - Keele University Keele on \"University Challenge\" [PAR] University Challenge... the Show [PAR] University Challenge is a long-running British television quiz show, licensed and produced by Granada Television. It was first shown from 21 September 1962 to 31 December 1987 and Bamber Gascoigne was its only quizmaster. [PAR] The show was revived for BBC2 with Jeremy Paxman as the new quizmaster and ran from 21 September 1994 to the present day. The format was based on the American show College Bowl, which ran on NBC radio from 1953 to 1957, and on NBC TV from 1959 to 1970. [PAR] Bamber Gascoigne was the first quizmaster; he compiled the questions himself and presided in his uniquely urbane way until the end of the first incarnation of the series in 1987. He had arrived at Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1955 to study for an English degree, during which time he wrote the musical Share My Lettuce, which became a West End production starring Kenneth Williams and Maggie Smith in 1957. As well as presiding for 25 years on University Challenge - the record for any presenter of a quiz show - he has also presented many documentaries and historical programmes including Cinema, The Christians, Man and Music, Victorian Values, and The Great Moghuls. Since 1994 Bamber has been developing the history website HistoryWorld which won the 2002 New Statesman New Media award for the best educational web site. [PAR] His name is coincidentally an anagram of 'Organise BBC Game'. [PAR] In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, University Challenge was placed 34th. [PAR] A spoof of University Challenge appeared in the notorious \u2018Bambi\u2019 episode of \u201cThe Young Ones\u201d. The quizmaster on that occasion was played by Griff Rhys-Jones. University Challenge competitors are in illustrious company - notable contestants in the quiz include Sebastian Faulks, Julian Fellows, Stephen Fry, Clive James, Miriam Margolyes, David Mellor, Malcolm Rifkind, John Simpson, David Starkey and William Waldegrave. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] KEELE'S 1968 TRIUMPH [PAR] In1968 a quartet of Keele undergraduates triumphed in TV's toughest test of general knowledge. Millions watched Paul Brownsey, Pam Maddison (Groves), Aubrey \"Larry\" Lawrence and Andrew MacMullen win the 1968 final of University Challenge. It was the first \u2013 and so far the only \u2013 time Keele\u2019s team took the title but it was a decisive victory. [PAR] [PAR] In only the fifth season of the long-running varsity quiz, Keele swept all before them, answering even the trickiest questions put to them by Bamber Gascoigne. Captained by Aubrey Lawrence, usually known as Larry, Keele beat Jesus College Cambridge in the final. [PAR] Sadly, between the recording and the transmission of the final, a member of the Jesus College team was killed in a boating accident, although his family gave their blessing to the programme being broadcast as a tribute. Having more than proved his worth Captain Larry went on to become BBC Radio's Brain of Britain and to compete in Mastermind in 1978. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \u201cDuring the documentary \u2018Memoirs of a Cigarette\u2019 on Channel 4 about the national smoking ban, prominent display is given to the Keele University Challenge team of 1968 and especially Andy MacMullen in the act of lighting up a cigarette on screen. It was deliberate - to put Jesus off at a crucial stage in the game. He told us he intended to do it before that contest was shot. Keele won, of course. Andy gave up smoking not that long afterwards: but that's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Duck: 10 surprising facts about Walt Disney's ... Donald Duck: 10 surprising facts about Walt Disney's character - Telegraph [PAR] Disney [PAR] Donald Duck: 10 surprising facts about Walt Disney's character [PAR] Donald Duck was born \u2013 in Walt Disney's cartoon The Wise Little Hen \u2013 80 years ago. Here are 10 facts about the cartoon superstar [PAR] Donald Duck made his first appearance in a film on June 9, 1934 Photo: Rex Features [PAR] By Telegraph Reporters [PAR] 10:50AM BST 09 Jun 2014 [PAR] \u2022 DONALD DUCK was created by Walt Disney when he heard Clarence Nash doing his \"duck\" voice while reciting Mary Had a Little Lamb. Disney wanted a character that was more negative than Mickey Mouse, so the bad-tempered Duck was born. Nash voiced the character from 1934 to 1983, training Tony Anselmo to take over. \"Donald, I can't understand a word ya say,\u201d Mickey Mouse says. [PAR] \u2022 HIS MIDDLE NAME is Fauntleroy (first revealed in the 1942 film Donald Gets Drafted), and he is reportedly the only major Disney character with an official middle name. He has a twin sister named Dumbella. In the late Thirties, Donald was joined by his perennial girlfriend, Daisy Duck, and by his three mischievous nephews, Huey, Dewey, and Louie. [PAR] \u2022 RAY DAVIES of the Kinks namechecks Donald Duck in the opening lines of his 1968 song We are the Village Green Preservation Society, with the lyrics: [PAR] We are the Village Green Preservation Society, [PAR] God save Donald Duck, Vaudeville and Variety [PAR] \u2022 A SPECIAL microphone, The Neumann TLM-170, was used to record Donald\u2019s voice. Preferred for its warmth, this microphone also rounds out the high tones and smoothes the \u201csplat\u201d in Donald\u2019s voice. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Ninety years of Disney: in pictures [PAR] 16 Oct 2013 [PAR] \u2022 DONALD DUCK first appeared on the silver screen on June 9, 1934, in the animated short film, The Wise Little Hen, dancing to the Sailor's Hornpipe. He has gone on to star in seven feature films--which is more than any of his Disney counterparts. He is six years younger than Mickey Mouse. [PAR] \u2022 HE WON AN OSCAR for the 1943 animated short Der Feuhrer's Face, which was originally titled Donald Duck in NutziLand. The anti-Nazi cartoon begins with music from Wagner's comic opera Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg and also features Groucho Marx's singing. [PAR] \u2022 FINNISH voters who want to register a protest vote mark their ballots with the name Donald Duck. [PAR] \u2022 DONALD DUCK, who usually wears a sailor shirt, cap, and a red or black bow tie, but no trousers, is the only popular film and TV cartoon character to appear as a mascot for the sports team of a major American university, namely, the Oregon Ducks at the University of Oregon. [PAR] \u2022 WALT DISNEY said of the character: \"One of the greatest satisfactions in our work here at the studio is the warm relationship that exists within our cartoon family. Mickey, Pluto, Goofy, and the whole gang have always been a lot of fun to work with. But like many large families, we have a problem child. You\u2019re right, it\u2019s Donald Duck.\u201d [PAR] \u2022 THE renowned early illustrators of Donald Duck were Al Taliaferro, Carl Barks, and Don Rosa. Donald Duck first appeared as a drawing in a May 1934 issue of Good Housekeeping magazine promoting the June film The Wise Little Hen. The magazine is sought after by collectors.[DOC] [TLE] Donald Duck (Character) - Biography - IMDb Donald Duck (Character) - Biography [PAR] biography [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1986 Grand National Results 1986 Grand National Results [PAR] 1986 Grand National Results [PAR] /in Past Race Results /by Simone Wright [PAR] The 1986 Grand National was won by West Tip in a time of 9 minutes and 33 seconds. The 9 year old West Tip, was owned by Mr P Laff, trained by M Oliver and ridden by Richard Dunwoody. The turf on the day was \u2018good to soft\u2019 and \u2018Tippy\u2019 as he was affectionately nicknamed earned his owner a prize of \u00a357,254. [PAR] Mr Snugfit started the race as favourite at 13/2 with West Tip popular and the second favourite, priced at 15/2. Richard Dunwoody had partnered West Tip in the previous years race when they had both made their debut at Aintree. The horse had run remarkably well, jumping Aintree\u2019s daunting fences with ease until he stumbled on landing at Becher\u2019s, was hit from behind by a loose horse and fell. Dunwoody was suitably impressed and said at the time \u2018We\u2019ll come back next year and win\u2019, his crystal ball must have been working overtime! [PAR] Two weeks before the 1986 Grand National he won a chase at Newbury and seemed to be peaking at just the right time. [PAR] During the race Dunwoody stuck to his pre-race plan and rode patiently steering a middle course during the first circuit. In a prominent position on the second circuit he had moved into sixth place by Becher\u2019s. Only three horses could maintain the quickening pace, West Tip, Classified and Young Driver left the rest of the field well behind. [PAR] At the last, Young Driver was leading by a length and as they approached the Elbow, Dunwoody launched his perfectly timed challenge. West Tip steamed smoothly ahead and held on to win by 2 lengths from Young Driver with Classified third and Mr Snugfit in fourth position. [PAR] \u2018Tippy\u2019 made four more Grand National appearances, finishing second to Little Polveir in 1989 and in 1990 at 13 years of age, he finished in tenth position. In his autobiography \u2018Obsessed\u2019, Richard Dunwoody said \u201cSometimes he sees things before I do and fills me full of confidence. He is an intelligent horse who doesn\u2019t want to fall\u201d. [PAR] West Tip set an all time record for making nine consecutive appearances at the Cheltenham Festival , he died in 2001 aged twenty four. [PAR] Finishing position"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] historic cocktail - Sazerac Company Sazerac Company [PAR] [PAR] How the Sazerac Cocktail Came to Be [PAR] In 1838, Antoine Amedie Peychaud, owner of a New Orleans apothecary, treated his friends to brandy toddies of his own recipe, including his \"Peychaud's Bitters,\" made from a secret family recipe. The toddies were made using a double-ended egg cup as a measuring cup or jigger, then known as a \"coquetier\" (pronounced \"ko-k-tay\"), from which the word \"cocktail\" was derived. Thus, the world's first cocktail was born! [PAR] By 1850, the Sazerac Cocktail, made with Sazerac French brandy and Peychaud's Bitters, was immensely popular, and became the first \"branded\" cocktail. In 1873, the recipe for the Sazerac Cocktail was altered to replace the French brandy with American Rye whiskey, and a dash of absinthe was added. [PAR] In 1933, the Sazerac Cocktail was bottled and marketed by the Sazerac Company of New Orleans. That same year, \"Herbsaint,\" a pastis, was made according to a French recipe; \"Herbsaint\" was so named for the New Orleans term for wormwood - \"Herb Sainte.\" [PAR] In 1940, the Official Sazerac Cocktail recipe was modified to use Herbsaint as the absinthe. [PAR] Finally, in 2000, the Official Sazerac Cocktail recipe was modified to use Sazerac Kentucky Straight Rye Whiskey. [PAR] The Official Sazerac Cocktail[DOC] [TLE] Sazerac Cocktail Recipe - Liquor.com Sazerac Cocktail Recipe [PAR] Embarcadero [PAR] About The Sazerac Cocktail [PAR] Forget the Hurricane. The Sazerac is what you should drink in New Orleans. One of America\u2019s earliest cocktails, the Sazerac is a homegrown New Orleans specialty. Peychaud\u2019s Bitters are a key element and were created by Antoine Peychaud, a French Quarter pharmacist, who invented the cocktail in the 1830s. The Sazerac was originally made with cognac, but an insect epidemic destroyed many French vineyards and resulted in the lasting switch to rye whiskey. [PAR] General Instructions for The Sazerac Cocktail [PAR] Ingredients in The Sazerac Cocktail"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skeletal System \u2013 Labeled Diagrams of the Human Skeleton Skeletal System \u2013 Labeled Diagrams of the Human Skeleton [PAR] Pectoral (shoulder) girdle [PAR] Skull [PAR] The skull is composed of 22 bones that are fused together except for the mandible. These 21 fused bones are separate in children to allow the skull and brain to grow, but fuse to give added strength and protection as an adult. The mandible remains as a movable jaw bone and forms the only movable joint in the skull with the temporal bone . [PAR] The bones of the superior portion of the skull are known as the cranium and protect the brain from damage. The bones of the inferior and anterior portion of the skull are known as facial bones and support the eyes, nose, and mouth. [PAR] Hyoid and Auditory Ossicles [PAR] The hyoid is a small, U-shaped bone found just inferior to the mandible. The hyoid is the only bone in the body that does not form a joint with any other bone\u2014it is a floating bone. The hyoid\u2019s function is to help hold the trachea open and to form a bony connection for the tongue muscles . [PAR] The malleus, incus, and stapes\u2014known collectively as the auditory ossicles \u2014are the smallest bones in the body. Found in a small cavity inside of the temporal bone, they serve to transmit and amplify sound from the eardrum to the inner ear. [PAR] Vertebrae [PAR] Twenty-six vertebrae form the vertebral column of the human body. They are named by region: [PAR] Cervical (neck) - 7 vertebrae [PAR] Sacrum - 1 vertebra [PAR] Coccyx (tailbone) - 1 vertebra [PAR] With the exception of the singular sacrum and coccyx, each vertebra is named for the first letter of its region and its position along the superior-inferior axis. For example, the most superior thoracic vertebra is called T1 and the most inferior is called T12. [PAR] Ribs and Sternum [PAR] The sternum, or breastbone, is a thin, knife-shaped bone located along the midline of the anterior side of the thoracic region of the skeleton . The sternum connects to the ribs by thin bands of cartilage called the costal cartilage. [PAR] There are 12 pairs of ribs that together with the sternum form the ribcage of the thoracic region. The first seven ribs are known as \u201ctrue ribs\u201d because they connect the thoracic vertebrae directly to the sternum through their own band of costal cartilage. Ribs 8, 9, and 10 all connect to the sternum through cartilage that is connected to the cartilage of the seventh rib, so we consider these to be \u201cfalse ribs.\u201d Ribs 11 and 12 are also false ribs, but are also considered to be \u201cfloating ribs\u201d because they do not have any cartilage attachment to the sternum at all. [PAR] Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb [PAR] The pectoral girdle connects the upper limb (arm) bones to the axial skeleton and consists of the left and right clavicles and left and right scapulae. [PAR] The humerus is the bone of the upper arm. It forms the ball and socket joint of the shoulder with the scapula and forms the elbow joint with the lower arm bones. The radius and ulna are the two bones of the forearm. The ulna is on the medial side of the forearm and forms a hinge joint with the humerus at the elbow. The radius allows the forearm and hand to turn over at the wrist joint. [PAR] The lower arm bones form the wrist joint with the carpals, a group of eight small bones that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martin Luther | German religious leader | Britannica.com Martin Luther | German religious leader | Britannica.com [PAR] German religious leader [PAR] Last Updated: [PAR] 10-15-2008 [PAR] Martin Luther, (born Nov. 10, 1483, Eisleben , Saxony [Germany]\u2014died Feb. 18, 1546, Eisleben), German theologian and religious reformer who was the catalyst of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation . Through his words and actions, Luther precipitated a movement that reformulated certain basic tenets of Christian belief and resulted in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions, mainly Lutheranism , Calvinism , the Anglican Communion , the Anabaptists , and the Antitrinitarians. He is one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity . [PAR] Martin Luther, oil on panel by Lucas Cranach, 1529; in the Uffizi, Florence. [PAR] Photos.com/Thinkstock[DOC] [TLE] Martin Luther's Hearings Before the Diet at Worms (1521 ... Martin Luther's Hearings Before the Diet at Worms (1521): An Account [PAR] The Trial of Martin Luther: An Account [PAR] (Luther's Hearings Before the Diet at Worms on Charges of Heresy) [PAR] by Douglas O. Linder (2010) [PAR] Historians have described it as the trial that led to the birth of the modern world. Before the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the Diet of Worms in the spring of 1521, as Luther biographer Roland H. Bainton noted, \"the past and the future were met.\" Martin Luther bravely defended his written attacks on orthodox Catholic beliefs and denied the power of Rome to determine what is right and wrong in matters of faith. By holding steadfast to his interpretation of Scripture, Luther provided the impetus for the Reformation, a reform movement that would divide Europe into two regions, one Protestant and one Catholic, and that would set the scene for religious wars that would continue for more than a century, not ending until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. [PAR] Martin Luther's long journey to Worms might be said to have begun in 1505 on a road near his home town of Erfurt in Saxony (now part of Germany), when a bolt of lightening knocked Luther to the ground . Luther took the lightening to be a call from God, and--to the disappointment of his father, who hoped he would become a lawyer--, took vows at an Augustinian monastery to begin a profoundly Christian life. Luther impressed his superiors at the Erfurt monastery. By 1507, he was an ordained priest and had offered his first mass. By 1508, he had earned a degree in Biblical studies from the University of Wittenberg and become an instructor at that Augustinian institution. [PAR] Questioning the Sale of Indulgences [PAR] A trip to Rome in 1510 caused Luther to begin to seriously question certain Catholic practices. The opportunity for the trip arose when Luther was selected as one of two Augustinian brothers to travel to the Eternal City to help resolve a dispute within the order that called for resolution by the pope. What Luther saw in Rome disillusioned him. As he watched incompetent, flippant, and cynical clergy performing their holy duties he began to experience doubts about the Catholic Church. He wrote after his journey that he had \"gone with onions and returned with garlic.\" [PAR] Those early doubts concerning Rome and its ways would blossom over the next several years after Luther earned the prestigious post as Doctor of the Bible at Wittenberg University and undertook a thorough review of the source book of his religion. Luther's study led him to the theology of Paul and his belief in the possibility of forgiveness through faith"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gloucester Cathedral | Edward II Tomb Gloucester Cathedral | Edward II Tomb [PAR] Edward II Tomb [PAR] The burial place of a King [PAR] The Tomb of King Edward II is the only monarch\u2019s tomb in the South West and one of only a few outside of London. [PAR] Located in the north ambulatory, the tomb is an early example of the \u2018English Court\u2019 style. The alabaster stone effigy was one of the very first of its kind, with the limestone based clad in Purbeck marble. To this day, the tomb still retains its limestone canopy. [PAR] The history [PAR] The early 14th century was a turbulent and fascinating time in local, national and international history. Following King Edward II\u2019s abdication, imprisonment and alleged murder at Berkeley Castle in 1327, he was buried at St Peter's Abbey, now Gloucester Cathedral. [PAR] The tomb, commissioned by Edward III, c.1330s, was visited by thousands of pilgrims, including Richard II in 1378. [PAR] Niches were cut into the pillars on each side to enable the building of the tomb, but it is also possible that pilgrims were allowed to walk around it. [PAR] Through donations and royal patronage made by pilgrims, the Abbey remodelled the Quire and the Cloister. Therefore, the tomb was almost certainly the original source of funding and inspiration for much of the cathedral building we know and love today. [PAR] It is also believed that the tomb's presence may have discouraged Henry VIII from destroying the Abbey during the Reformation in the 1530\u2019s. [PAR] Restoration and conservation [PAR] Supported by substantial funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund , Gloucestershire Environmental Trust and the Summerfield Trust , restoration of the tomb began in 2007. [PAR] Involving a range of heritage professionals and craftspeople, the requirements were complex, involving repairs to and conservation of, the plinth, alabaster effigy and ornamental canopy. [PAR] The work on the tomb was completed in June 2008, with the Princess Royal unveiling the magnificent structure which will take pride of place in Gloucester Cathedral for generations to come. [PAR] Opening Times[DOC] [TLE] Edward II: My Edward II Pilgrimage - blogspot.com Edward II: My Edward II Pilgrimage [PAR] 13 October, 2006 [PAR] My Edward II Pilgrimage [PAR] I had a great time in Gloucestershire, visiting sites associated with Edward II. The thing I most wanted to see was Edward II's tomb, in Gloucester Cathedral - a magnificent canopied shrine described by the Cathedral as 'one of the great monuments of England'. The shrine is currently covered in scaffolding, as it's being restored, at a cost of \u00a370,000, apparently. The Cathedral is planning a 'series of events to commemorate Edward II' in 2007 and 2008. [PAR] I found it really moving to be so close to Edward - I stood there for ages, until one of the men working on the tomb started giving me funny looks. The day before, we'd visited Berkeley Castle , where Edward was imprisoned in 1327 (and freed by some of his supporters - see the comments on this post ). I'm afraid to say I found Berkeley rather disappointing, at least from an Edward point of view. Much of the castle is closed to visitors, and the guided tour barely mentions Edward and focuses instead on the later Berkeleys. You can see the cell where Edward was held, but not enter it - you can only peer through a rather narrow window. I was hoping to get some idea of how the Dunheveds might have entered the castle in 1327 and freed Edward, but unfortunately I couldn't picture it at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Political Map of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia ... Political Map of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark - Atlapedia\u00ae Online [PAR] Lithuania [PAR] Lithuania is a former republic of the USSR. It is bound by the Baltic Sea to the west, Latvia to the north, Poland and the Kalinigrad Oblast of Russia to the southwest as well as Belarus to the south and east.... [PAR] Norway [PAR] Norway is located on the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula in North West Europe. It is bound by the Arctic Ocean to the north, Sweden, Finland and Russia to the east, the Norwegian Sea to the west and the Skagerrak Strait to the south.... [PAR] Sweden [PAR] Sweden is located on the east side of the Scandinavian Peninsula in North Europe. It is bound by Finland, the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Sea to the east, Kattegat to the southwest and Norway to the west and northwest....[DOC] [TLE] Ferry to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Poland, Baltic ... Ferry to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Poland, Baltic, Russia, Germany. [PAR] Book ferries online to Sweden, Russia, Denmark, Finland, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania or Germany [PAR] Find your ferry quickly and easily to Sweden, Russia, Denmark, Finland, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania or Germany [PAR] The Baltic Sea is the largest brackish water sea in the world. Nine different countries border the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Sweden , Germany, Finland, Russia and Poland. The Baltic region is rich with islands, archipelagoes and strings of islands, e.g. Bornholm , Gotland and the Aland Islands. Numerous ferry lines connect the most important ports in the Baltic Sea with each other. [PAR] Numerous ferry companies connect the most important ports in the Baltic Sea region with their ferries. [PAR] The TT Line is a reasonably priced and convenient connection between the ports in Sweden and Germany. The ferries of Finnlines will bring you to the ports of Sweden, Germany and Finland. Visit the most beautiful cities of the northern Baltic Sea with the cruise ships of Tallink Silja and take visa-free cruises between Stockholm , Helsinki , Tallinn and St. Petersburg with the St. Peter Line. The ferries of DFDS Seaways take you to Denmark, Norway, Germany, Sweden und Lithuania. With one of the modern Color Line Ferries you can travel in a comfortable and luxurious fashion to Norway. One of the ferries of the Viking Line, however, will get you to your destiny in Sweden, Aland, Finland or Estonia. The Scandlines ferries run the Baltic Sea highway from Germany to Denmark and Sweden. [PAR] Quickly find the right ferry connection and book your ferry easily online"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wendy Cope OBE - poetryarchive.org | Poetry archive Wendy Cope | poetryarchive.org [PAR] Tweet Widget [PAR] About Wendy Cope [PAR] Wendy Cope (b. 1945) is a poet whose witty lyrics and pitch-perfect parodies have gained her a readership far beyond most of her peers. Born in Erith, Kent, she read History at St. Hilda's College, Oxford. She then taught in primary schools in London before becoming a freelance writer in 1986. Her debut collection, Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis, struck a chord with its lampooning of literary pretensions and its wry look at contemporary relationships, and has sold over 180,000 copies to date. Her subsequent collections - Serious Concerns in 1992 and If I Don't Know in 2001 (shortlisted for the Whitbread Poetry Award) - both confirmed her reputation as a classic English humorist whilst also allowing room for poems of a more meditative tone. She has edited several poetry anthologies, including Heaven on Earth: 101 happy poems, and her poems for children are widely anthologised. She was made an O.B.E. in the Queen's Birthday honours 2010. She currently lives in Winchester. [PAR] Cope's rueful wisdom connects her to the tradition of Betjeman and Larkin, but she brings a fresh female perspective to bear on social and literary foibles. She has said of her parodies that they were a way \"of coming to terms with what was fashionable in poetry\" and in their unerring accuracy and mastery of form she showed she could match any of her male contemporaries. Men in general are often the target of her barbed wit, none more so than Strugnell, the hapless and rather unpleasant male poet she invented for her first collection. Long before Bridget Jones sipped her first Chardonnay, Cope was casting a satirical eye over the minefield of contemporary sexual politics: \"Bloody men are like bloody buses/You wait for about a year/And as soon as one approaches your stop/Two or three others appear.\" Whilst Cope has little time for bleeding hearts, her poems can be poignant as well as humorous. A new mood of contentment infuses her most recent collection with poems of domestic celebration like 'Being Boring' or the unabashed tenderness of 'On a Train': \"Long, radiant minutes,/your hand in my hand.\" [PAR] Cope keeps her explanations droll and to the point, wisely allowing the poems their own voice. Containing a generous selection from her three books this recording is a wonderful showcase for the emotional and technical deftness that's made her work so widely cherished. [PAR] Her recording was made for The Poetry Archive on 8 December 2005 at The Audio Workshop, London and was produced by Richard Carrington. Wendy Cope returned to the recording studio for a second reading on 18 April 2016, recording at Heavy Entertainment, London, with Richard Carrington as producer. [PAR] Wendy Cope has written this note about her more recent work: [PAR] \"Since my earlier recording for the archive in 2005, I have published one new collection of poems, Family Values (2011), and am close to completing the next. Some of the poems in this new recording are from the book; others are as yet uncollected. [PAR] The title, Family Values, is ironic, although I\u2019m not sure that was clear to everyone who bought the book \u2013 some of them may have been disappointed. There are quite a few poems about my childhood, a subject I could address with more freedom after the death of my mother in 2004. The book also includes two commissioned sequences, The Audience, written for the Endellion String Quartet, and An ABC of the BBC, commissioned for a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spain's (unofficial) national symbol is 50! - Gadling Spain's (unofficial) national symbol is 50! - Gadling [PAR] Gadling [PAR] Sign up for our newsletters [PAR] Gadling [PAR] by Abha Malpani on [PAR] Nov 20, 2007 [PAR] It used to be the trademark of the popular Spanish sherry company \u201cOsborne\u201d . A random marketing whim 50-years ago made the company erect about 90 14-meter high metallic silhouettes of a bull on all major highways across Spain; now they resemble the country. What a lucky fluke for Osborne, I doubt their marketing prowess foresaw that. [PAR] Around 1988, Spain introduced a law where there couldn\u2019t be any publicity on the highways. Osborne got rid of their branding on the bull so they could still stand. Obviously, campaigners protested, but apparently public demand to keep the silhouette is what saved Osborne\u2019s metallic structures, and it is still referred to as the \u201cEl Toro De Osborne\u201d (The Osborne Bull). [PAR] Other than pointing it out to grandchildren on road-trips, the Spaniards I spoke to about this bull had neutral sentiments. \u201cThey chose a bull to represent their brand, then blew it up and put it all around the country,\u201d is what they said; far from an ingenious plan I suppose. [PAR] In Catalunya, groups have protested : \u201cwe don\u2019t want Spanish symbols in our territory\u201d, and post many attempts to knock down the bulls; now there are none in that region. [PAR] Other than Catalunya, Cantabria and Murcia are the other two provinces without the bull; Alicante and C\u00e1diz have the most. It\u2019s the same bull you see on T-shirts, key-chains, stickers, posters and Spanish flags that you can buy in souvenir shops. [PAR] In celebration of the bull\u2019s 50-years of existence, an art competition has been launched in the country where you can submit your artistic representations of the bull to win theme park tickets valid for 2008 (yaay?), Sony PlayStation 3, or a 100cc Motorcycle.[DOC] [TLE] Information about Spains National emblem; the Spanish ... Information about Spains National emblem; the Spanish Osborne Bull. [PAR] RSS News Feed [PAR] Spains National emblem; the Spanish Osborne Bull. [PAR] Anyone who has driven through Spain will have seen the iconic Osborne Bulls. At over 14 meter high and weighing four tones each, there bulls have become the unofficial emblem of the country, so much so that the black bull can today been seen adoring everything Spanish from national flags at sporting events to tourist souvenirs. This is the story about how a company symbol becomes a National symbol. [PAR] The history of the Spanish Bull sign. [PAR] In 1956, sherry company Osborne in Costa de la Luz, commissioned an advertising agency to design a logo to promote its best-selling product, Veterano brandy, along the roadsides of Spain. The artist, Manuel Prieto, presented his two-dimensional but striking image to the company the follow year and it was an instant hit. Prieto`s original sketch, scribbled on a scrap of squared, scribbled on a scarp of squared paper is now guarded in the archives of the Osborne bodega in Jerez. [PAR] Over 500 Osborne bulls popped-up in eye-catching spots all over Spain, dominating prominent hilltops or monopolizing open country where they were visible for miles around, horns curled against the sky and its masculinity outlined for all to see. Each bull paint and was held in place by more than 1.000 rivets. [PAR] From Wood to modern metallic Bull. [PAR] Originally made of wood, the bulls were fashioned out of metal from the 1960s and become much loved by motorists who would scour the horizon looking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Common Ingredients in Asian Cuisine Common Ingredients in Asian Cuisine [PAR] Common ingredients in Asian cuisine. [PAR] 7 Easy Recipes for Tofu [PAR] 7 Easy Recipes for Tofu Tofu has come a long, long way from the days when most people thought it was a food relegated only to health obsessed hippies. Newer to the West, tofu has been a staple in Asian cuisine for 2000 years. Made\u2026 [PAR] Agar-agar [PAR] What is Agar-agar? Agar-agar is a gelatinous substance derived from specific species of algae. It is also known as Kanten (from its Japanese derivative as agar-agar was supposedly discovered in 17th Century Japan). What allows agar-agar to have its gelling abilities is a polysaccharide from\u2026 [PAR] Bamboo [PAR] There are a variety of bamboo species harvested for human consumption, each of which boasts different sizes, textures, colors and flavors. Bamboo is lauded for its high fiber content, protein and Vitamin B6. It is extremely popular throughout Asian cuisine, though different regions use the\u2026 [PAR] Caviaroli [PAR] Caviaroli- Elevate Home Cooking Ever since the Godfather of molecular gastronomy (Ferran Adria) changed the culinary world years ago, I\u2019ve been a fan of this sector of gourmet cuisine in certain doses. The genius and technical skills it takes to create masterpieces of molecular gastronomy\u2026 [PAR] Chili Peppers [PAR] Southeast Asian, Korean, Indian and Szechuan cooking all share an intense passion for spicy food. One of the most popular and widely used ingredients to create this spiciness is bird\u2019s eye chili peppers. These peppers are typically harvested when they are about one inch long\u2026 [PAR] Cilantro a.k.a. Coriander [PAR] Cilantro a.k.a Coriander- The Love It or Hate It Herb Fresh Coriander Leaves (Cilantro): Native to southern Asia, fresh coriander leaves, commonly known as cilantro and Chinese parsley, is used as an important garnish to Asian salads and soups. Cilantro has a subtle citrusy flavor\u2026 [PAR] Cloves [PAR] Cloves Cloves are native to the Maluku islands of Indonesia, though are currently produced and exported by Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Madagascar. Of the evergreen tree family, cloves are the tree\u2019s dried flower buds, used in Asian cooking and western desserts. Cloves possess a\u2026 [PAR] Coconut Milk [PAR] Coconut Milk Coconut milk is used in all types of Asian cooking, mainly in curries, soups and desserts. All over Asia and particularly in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore, little old ladies are found in dimly lit kitchens grating fresh coconut meat into large\u2026 [PAR] Common Types of Soy Sauce [PAR] Common Types of Soy Sauce- The Most Widely Used Asian Ingredient Regular Soy Sauce: A very familiar product in the West, regular soy sauce has become a staple in most American supermarkets. Used frequently in Asian cooking, regular soy sauce is a necessary staple in\u2026 [PAR] Cowgirl Creamery [PAR] Cowgirl Creamery- One of the best cheese in America Cheese- that diabolical dairy decadence that drives us serious foodies to have food porn dreams about. It\u2019s a snack; it\u2019s a beginning to a meal; it\u2019s an end to a meal; it\u2019s in a class all\u2026 [PAR] Edamame [PAR] Edamame Historically, the Edamame we know today can be traced back to 13th century Japan, when monks gave this highly nutritious vegetable as gifts, blanching whole soy bean pods and lightly sprinkling with salt. Soybeans themselves were cultivated in China though, over two thousand years\u2026 [PAR] Enoki Mushroom [PAR] Native to China, Japan and Korea, Enoki mushroom are typically long and thin with tiny caps on one end. There are several varieties, the most widely known being that of the off-white, light brown and golden colors. Originally"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonanza - TV Cowboys Bonanza [PAR] Bonanza [PAR] It\u2019s hard to think of this show without that well-known Bonanza theme song immediately playing in your mind, and remembering the whole Cartwright clan riding across the Ponderosa. But I have to admit that, as a young teenager, I had something of a crush on Little Joe! Who could resist his character with that handsome smile and beautiful pinto horse? Little Joe and his paint horse were definitely the flashiest combo of the Cartwright clan! [PAR] To help put you back in a \"Bonanza\" mood, click on the center button in the video box below to hear that great theme and see some good pictures of the whole clan! [PAR] Background of the Show [PAR] The Bonanza tv show was set in the time during and after the Civil War, and was all about the Cartwright family which included the father, Ben, and his 3 sons Adam, Hoss, and Little Joe. [PAR] Did you ever wonder why those 3 brothers didn't look anything alike? That's right! Each one had a different mother and none of those women had survived! Wow; Ben had his share of bad luck in that department! Not wanting to mess up a successful formula, the show stayed consistent with that theme - any love interest that developed for a Cartwright man didn't last any longer than a cold drink on a hot day! [PAR] Here's a little bit about the Bonanza cast - [PAR] Ben (played by Lorne Greene) was the owner of the very large (1,000 square miles) and very prosperous Ponderosa Ranch, which was situated around Lake Tahoe in Nevada. [PAR] Adam (played be Pernell Roberts) was the oldest son. He was an architect and built that great ranch house where the Cartwrights lived. Adam was handsome and always dressed in black - quiet, serious, the strong, silent type! [PAR] Next was Eric (played by Dan Blocker), but we all knew him as Hoss, who obviously got that nickname because of his size. He was a big guy who looked even bigger in his trademark 10-gallon hat. Hoss was gentle, sometimes naive, and not the brightest member of the clan! [PAR] And then there was Little Joe (my personal favorite - played by Michael Landon) who was the youngest. He was hot-headed and, with his good looks and flashy smile, quite the ladies man! [PAR] DID YOU KNOW? [PAR] Bonanza came close to being cancelled at the end of its first year! But the fact that it was considered a \"novelty\" because it was shown in color made all the difference! RCA, the parent company of NBC, wanted to sell more color television sets so they used Bonanza as a marketing gimmick and moved it to a prime Sunday night timeslot believing it would attract more viewers there! Obviously they were right; Bonanza was in the Top 5 shows for 9 of its 14 years on TV. [PAR] All About the Show [PAR] Unlike the usual shoot'em-up, Bonanza was the first \u201cdramatic\u201d TV Western show. The episodes were much more about relationships between the cast members and the guest stars than they were about hunting down the bad guy. Each episode usually had a serious theme to it, something \"issue-oriented\", built around themes such as racism, prejudice and social injustice. This was a first for TV because the networks were afraid of letters they might receive. [PAR] Another first for Bonanza - it was the first Western to be televised in color. [PAR] Each show mixed the adventures of one or two of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek Mythology: Gorgon :- Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa Greek Mythology: Gorgon :- Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa [PAR] Greek Mythology [PAR] Gorgon :- Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa [PAR] [PAR] Gorgons [PAR] [PAR] In Greek mythology, Gorgons or Gorgones were described as three powerful female monsters creatures, the daughters of Phorcys and Ceto . The names of the three Gorgons were Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa. Of the three sisters only Medusa was mortal, and so it was her head which King Polydektes of Seriphos commanded the young hero Perseus to fetch. [PAR] Stheno: In Greek mythology, Stheno was the eldest of the Gorgons, vicious female monsters with brass hands, sharp fangs and \"hair\" made of living venomous snakes. She and her sister Euryale were both immortal, and the third sister, Medusa, was mortal. Of the three Gorgons, she was known to be the most independent and ferocious, having killed more men than both of her sisters combined. [PAR] Stheno [PAR] According to some versions,, Stheno was transformed into a Gorgon because of standing with her sister Medusa, who was raped by the sea god Poseidon in the Temple of Athena. Athena baring no emotion and finding no fault in Poseidon, was furious with Medusa. As a punishment, Medusa was changed into a terrible monster, along with her sisters Stheno and Euryale. Stheno tends to be depicted as a thin gorgon monster with red snakes curling around her head instead of hair. [PAR] Euryale: In Greek mythology, Euryale was the second eldest one of the Gorgons, three vicious sisters with brass hands, sharp fangs, and hair of living, venomous snakes. She and her sister Stheno, were immortal, where as Medusa was mortal. [PAR] Euryale [PAR] According to some versions,, Euryale was transformed into a Gorgon because of standing with her sister Medusa, who was raped by the sea god Poseidon in the Temple of Athena. Athena baring no emotion and finding no fault in Poseidon, was furious with Medusa. As a punishment, Medusa was changed into a terrible monster, along with her sisters Stheno and Euryale. In some version, Euryale had the ability to turn anyone to stone with her gaze. In many stories, Euryale is noted for her bellowing cries, particularly in the tale of Medusa's death at Perseus' hands. [PAR] Medusa: In Greek mythology, Medusa was originally a ravishingly beautiful maiden. Poseidon had raped her in Athena's temple, the enraged Athena transformed Medusa's beautiful hair to serpents and made her face so terrible to behold that the mere sight of it would turn onlookers to stone. [PAR] Sea god, Poseidon seducing Medusa in Athena's temple [PAR] In some versions, Medusa was described as priestess of Athena, was devoted to a life of celibacy. But she was wooed by Poseidon, whom she loved in return, she forgot her vows, and had sex with Poseidon in Athena's temple. In one version, Poseidon, as a bird, seduce Medusa in Athena's temple. [PAR] Medusa [PAR] Medusa was beheaded by Perseus , who was sent to fetch her head by King Polydectes of Seriphus because Polydectes wanted to marry his mother, Danae . The gods were well aware of this, and Perseus received help. He received a mirrored shield from Athena, gold, winged sandals from Hermes , a sword from Hephaestus and Hades 's helm of invisibility. Medusa was the only one of the three Gorgons who was mortal, so Perseus was able to slay her while looking at the reflection from the mirrored shield he received from Athena. During that time, Medusa was pregnant by Poseidon. When Perseus beheaded her, Pegasus, a winged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bo Diddley - Bo Diddley(film) - YouTube Bo Diddley - Bo Diddley(film) - YouTube [PAR] Bo Diddley - Bo Diddley(film) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 10, 2013 [PAR] Ellas Otha Bates (December 30, 1928 -- June 2, 2008), known by his stage name Bo Diddley, was an American rhythm and blues vocalist, guitarist, songwriter (usually as Ellas McDaniel), and rock and roll pioneer. He was also known as The Originator because of his key role in the transition from the blues to rock, influencing a host of acts, including Buddy Holly, Jimi Hendrix, The Rolling Stones, The Velvet Underground, The Who, The Yardbirds, Eric Clapton, Elvis Presley, and The Beatles, among others. [PAR] The Chicago Blues Museum is a registered trade mark / (501c3) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tips For Calling Bingo And Bingo Number Rhymes | HobbyLark Tips For Calling Bingo And Bingo Number Rhymes | HobbyLark [PAR] Tips For Calling Bingo And Bingo Number Rhymes [PAR] Tips For Calling Bingo And Bingo Number Rhymes [PAR] Updated on June 07, 2016 [PAR] Profile [PAR] Joined: 6 years agoFollowers: 4Articles: 3 [PAR] I spent a good few years as a professional bingo caller in the UK, during which time I called thousands of bingo games and hundreds of thousands of bingo numbers. Once people find out about my bingo calling past, I'm often asked to call at school bingo nights or other special events. I'm also often asked for advice by other people who've been put in the position of needing to call a game of bingo. [PAR] With the game being a popular fund raiser, people from all walks of life often find themselves in a situation where they need to call the numbers for the game. Despite it's inherent simplicity, it can be a daunting task for people. With that in mind I've constructed this little guide to give potential callers a few tips and pointers. Whether the local school PTA has roped you in to calling the numbers at a prize bingo night, or the local social club want you to run their weekly cash game, these tips are for you. [PAR] 75, 80 or 90 Balls - Bingo Variants [PAR] It's important to first of all ascertain what sort of game you will be calling. In the UK it's most likely to be the 90 balls, 15 numbers to a ticket games. It could also possibly be an 80 ball shutterboard game with 16 numbers to cover. These are both played in the retail bingo halls of the UK. US players will be more familiar with their 75 ball game with 24 numbers to cover per card. [PAR] We'll cover the US game elsewhere, as I know the UK game best, I'll concentrate on that. That's not to say you can't use these tips with the 75 ball game, because you can. There is a different calling style however, but the mechanics are pretty much the same which ever game you play with a proper live caller. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Bingo Caller At Work [PAR] A bingo caller in a professional hall, you don't need to be this good, but you can learn a lot from them should you ever need to call a game of bingo. [PAR] Simple Calling Tips [PAR] When you first start calling, it's easy to get flustered and make a complete mess of it. These simple tips will help you along and get things going smoothly. [PAR] Familiarise yourself with the equipment before you start - whether it be a terminal or a roll cage, you don't want to accidentally cancel the game halfway through. [PAR] Don't be afraid to have a joke with your audience, if you can make them smile now, they'll be more forgiving if you make a mistake later. [PAR] Always warn players what game you're about to play - \"we're looking for the line on the pink ticket, looking for the full house, etc.\" and also warn the players you're about to start calling too, \"if we're ready, we're looking for the next number which is...\" [PAR] Have a glass of water or something stronger close to hand, but not too strong. Your throat will quickly become dry as you call the numbers, so keep it lubricated. [PAR] Listen for a shout, however if you've already started calling a number you must"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1087: William 'the Conqueror' dies BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1087: William 'the Conqueror' dies [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1087: William 'the Conqueror' dies [PAR] King William of England has died, five weeks after being seriously injured at the Battle of Mantes in France. [PAR] The King was fighting a counter-offensive against the French in July 1087 when he fell against the pommel of his saddle and badly damaged his intestines. [PAR] The 59-year-old Duke of Normandy was taken to his Duchy's capital Rouen after the accident, but was unable to recover from his injuries. [PAR] Many of his knights have already rushed to protect their property, fearing opportunistic attacks from King Phillip of France or a break-down of order in the region. [PAR] Born in 1028, William was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert I of Normandy and a young woman called Herleve, the daughter of a Falaise tanner. [PAR] In his youth he was known as \"William the bastard\", but was recognised as the family's heir on his father's death in 1035 and so inherited the Duchy of Normandy. [PAR] His claim to the English throne was based on the assertion it had been promised to him in 1051 by his distant cousin Edward the Confessor - a promise that Harold, Duke of Wessex, had sworn to uphold, he said. [PAR] When Wessex was crowned King of England in January 1066, William accused him of being a usurper and assembled an invasion force. [PAR] He landed on English soil in September 1066. By 14 October - after a close-fought battle at Senlac, near Hastings - Harold was dead and William became king. [PAR] At his coronation, the Duke promised to uphold existing laws and customs in England. [PAR] His reign was characterised by peace and order, but this was often imposed using violence and cruelty which made him deeply unpopular with many of his subjects. [PAR] His replacement of the traditional ruling class with a foreign aristocracy also caused much resentment among the English nobility. [PAR] King William's lasting memorial is likely to be his \"Domesday\" survey - a huge investigation into the wealth of the kingdom commissioned in 1085 and completed just two years later - and the first of its kind in this country. [PAR] He will be succeeded in England by his second son William Rufus. His eldest son Robert was denied the throne after falling out with his father, but will be made Duke of Normandy after a deathbed concession."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pooka in Irish Folklore - Irish Mythology & Folklore Pooka in Irish Folklore - Irish Mythology & Folklore [PAR] TOPICS: Heritage Mythology Stories [PAR] Pooka pronounced poo-ka is from the old Irish \u2018Puca, which means \u2018goblin\u2019. There are many variations of the spelling Pooka some of which are Puca, Plica, Phuca,Pwwka, Puka or Pookha all of which are totally acceptable. It is possible that the origin of the word Pooka may come from the Scandinavian word Pook or Puke meaning \u2018nature sprit\u2019. [PAR] What is a Pooka? [PAR] A Pooka is a shapeshifter and can take any form it chooses but usually it is seen in the form of a dog, rabbit, goat, goblin or even an old man. Traditionally a Pooka is seen as a dark, sleek horse with a long wild flowing mane and luminescent golden eyes. [PAR] An important thing to always remember about a Pooka is that they have the power of human speech and when inclined make great sport of those they talk to as they like to embellish the truth. [PAR] In Ireland, the Pooka seems to be the most feared Faerie possibly because it appears only at night and enjoys creating havoc and mischief. We feel this is doing the Pooka an injustice because there are no recorded incidences of a Pooka actually causing a human any harm. [PAR] Where can you find a Pooka? [PAR] Pooka\u2019s can be found in any rural location, every county in Ireland has its very own Pooka. They like open mountainous areas so that they can run free while in horse form. [PAR] Many small mountainous lakes and springs in Ireland are called \u2018Pooka Pools\u2019 or \u2018Pollaphuca\u2019, which means Pooka or Demon hole. Some of these are found at the sources of major Irish rivers such as the Liffey that runs through Dublin or the River Bann, which is the longest river in the north of Ireland that runs through Coleraine in County Derry. [PAR] Over the last thousand years Christians have changed the name of some of the Pooka Pools to St. Patrick\u2019s Wells. [PAR] Pooka superstitions & Irish customs [PAR] There are a lot of superstitions and customs that are still observed today in Ireland regarding the Pooka and these vary depending on which region you happen to find yourself in. [PAR] Although there seems to be a common ground when you talk about a Pooka some of the stories are alike and just differ on the minor details. [PAR] The drunken horse ride home [PAR] When a Pooka is in horse form he tends to have fun by inviting a rider to jump on his back. This usually happens when the rider has had a little too much to drink and is making his weary way home from the pub. Thus starts the wildest trip the rider will ever know for the Pooka loves to terrify the rider with its great prowess jumping over hedges and rocks and making death-defying leaps. Come the grey dawn the rider is thrown off the horses back and left trembling but none the worse from the night\u2019s events to find his own way home. [PAR] This is maybe where the their reputation slips a bit as while on a wild night out like this they do tend to run through crop fields and knock down fences without a care. [PAR] A conversation with a Pooka [PAR] Another thing the Pooka love, as with all us Irish people, is to chat and will happily stop and \u2018shoot the breeze\u2019 with you, sometimes giving great advice and making"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Thick of It - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com The Thick of It - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] The Thick of It [PAR] The Thick of It is a British comedy television series that satirises the inner workings of modern British government. It was first broadcast for two short series on BBC Four in 2005, initially with a small cast focusing on a government minister, his advisers and their party's spin-doctor. The cast was significantly expanded for two hour-long specials to coincide with Christmas and Gordon Brown's appointment as prime minister in 2007, which saw new characters forming the opposition party added to the cast. These characters continued when the show s ... (\u5c55\u5f00) switched channels to BBC Two for its third series in 2009. A fourth series about a coalition government was broadcast in 2012, with the last episode transmitted on 27 October 2012. In a 2012 interview, series creator Armando Iannucci said the fourth series of the programme would probably be its last. The series has been described as the 21st century's answer to Yes Minister, highlighting the struggles and conflicts between politicians, party spin doctors, advisers, civil servants and the media. As with Yes Minister, the political parties involved are never mentioned by name, although the context makes clear which is which. Iannucci describes it as \"Yes Minister meets Larry Sanders\". The journalist and former civil servant Martin Sixsmith is an adviser to the writing team, giving some of the storylines an element of realism. The series became well known for its profanity and for featuring storylines which have mirrored, or in some cases predicted real-life policies, events or scandals. A feature film spin-off, In the Loop, was released in the UK on 17 April 2009. A pilot for a U.S. remake of the show was not successful, but Iannucci was subsequently invited to create Veep for HBO, a program with a very similar tone and political issues, with the involvement of some The Thick of It writers and production members. [PAR] \u5173\u4e8eThe Thick of It\uff0c\u7f51\u53cb\u4eec\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898 [PAR] 1 [PAR] Background [PAR] Armando Iannucci originally conceived of a modern political satire after \"arguing the case\" for Yes Minister in a 2004 Best British Sitcom poll for BBC Two. His idea was commissioned by Roly Keating, the controller of BBC Four, who granted Iannucci limited budget, telling him to \"turn that into what you can.\" Iannucci created the first series of three episodes, which aired in May\u2013June 2005, and a second series, also of three episodes, which followed in October. [PAR] Writing [PAR] The series is written by a team of writers led by Armando Iannucci, who also directs the series, with Jesse Armstrong, Simon Blackwell, Roger Drew, Sean Gray, Ian Martin, Will Smith and Tony Roche. Some of the dialogue is improvised rather than scripted (with the cast credited as providing \"additional material\"), and includes some very strong language. Peter Capaldi said \"Fundamentally 80% of the final cut is the script that we started with. The improvisation just makes it feel more real and not written.\" Prior to rehearsals, the scripts are sent to a \"swearing consultant\" in Lancaster called Ian Martin, who adds some of the more colourful language. The programme's producer is Adam Tandy, who has produced all of Iannucci's television projects since 2000. The programme is shot with hand-held cameras to give it a sense of v\u00e9rit\u00e9 or fly-on-the-wall documentary. The documentary style is furthered by the absence of any incidental music or laughter track. [PAR] The Thick of It Plot [PAR] The action centres on the fictional Department of Social Affairs and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] C\u00f3rdoba - definition of C\u00f3rdoba by The Free Dictionary C\u00f3rdoba - definition of C\u00f3rdoba by The Free Dictionary [PAR] C\u00f3rdoba - definition of C\u00f3rdoba by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/C%c3%b3rdoba [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] C\u00f3r\u00b7do\u00b7ba [PAR] (k\u00f4r\u2032d\u0259-b\u0259) [PAR] 1. (also k\u00f4r\u2032d\u014d-v\u00e4) A city of north-central Argentina northwest of Buenos Aires. It was founded in 1573. [PAR] 2. (also k\u00f4r\u2032th\u014d-v\u00e4) A city of southern Spain on the Guadalquivir River east-northeast of Seville. Probably established by Carthaginians, it was later ruled by Romans and Visigoths. During the ninth and tenth centuries, as the seat of the Moorish caliphate, C\u00f3rdoba was one of the largest cities in the world and was renowned as a cultural and intellectual center. [PAR] Cor\u2032do\u00b7van (-v\u0259n) adj. & n. [PAR] cor\u00b7do\u00b7ba [PAR] [American Spanish c\u00f3rdoba, after Francisco Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdoba (1475?-1526?), Spanish explorer.] [PAR] c\u00f3rdoba [PAR] (Currencies) the standard monetary unit of Nicaragua, divided into 100 centavos [PAR] [named in honour of Francisco Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdoba2] [PAR] C\u00f3rdoba [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Placename) a city in central Argentina: university (1613). Pop: 1 592 000 (2005 est) [PAR] 2. (Placename) a city in S Spain, on the Guadalquivir River: centre of Moorish Spain (711\u20131236). Pop: 318 628 (2003 est). English name: Cordova [PAR] C\u00f3rdoba [PAR] C\u00f3rdova [PAR] n [PAR] (Biography) Francisco Fern\u00e1ndez de (fran\u02c8\u03b8isko f\u025br\u02c8nand\u025b\u03b8 de). died 1518, Spanish soldier and explorer, who discovered Yucat\u00e1n [PAR] cor\u2022do\u2022ba [PAR] the basic monetary unit of Nicaragua. [PAR] [after Francisco Hern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdoba, 16th-century Spanish conquistador] [PAR] C\u00f3r\u2022do\u2022ba [PAR] (\u02c8k\u0254r d\u0259 b\u0259, -v\u0259) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. Also, Cor\u2032do\u2022ba, Cordova. a city in S Spain on the Guadalquivir River: the capital of Spain under Moorish rule. 304,826. [PAR] 2. a city in central Argentina. 1,208,713. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] cordoba - the basic unit of money in Nicaragua; equal to 100 centavos [PAR] centavo - a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal [PAR] Nicaraguan monetary unit - monetary unit in Nicaragua [PAR] 2. [PAR] Espana , Kingdom of Spain , Spain - a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power [PAR] 4. [PAR] Argentina , Argentine Republic - a republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Spain [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Some large unique systems such as the Esteros del Iber\u00e1, the Mar Chiquita Lagoon in C\u00f3rdoba Province and the Paran\u00e1 River Delta can also be identified. [PAR] Distribuicao de areas umidas na Argentina, estimada a partir de mapas de solo [PAR] O Maio franc\u00eas se desenvolveu, ainda, no contexto de uma vaga revolucion\u00e1ria internacional, a maior da segunda metade do s\u00e9culo XX, que fez tremer a ordem mundial: nas ruas de Saigon se revelava para o mundo que o Imp\u00e9rio mais poderoso da hist\u00f3ria, militarmente, n\u00e3o poderia alcan\u00e7ar uma vit\u00f3ria no Vietn\u00e3; de Paris ao Rio de Janeiro, de Praga \u00e0 Cidade do M\u00e9xico, de Turim a C\u00f3rdoba, na Argentina, sem esquecer as batalhas decisivas das guerras de liberta\u00e7\u00e3o nacional contra o Imp\u00e9rio Portugu\u00eas em Guin\u00e9, Angola e Mo\u00e7ambique, em quatro continentes, a revolu\u00e7\u00e3o abria frentes de combate.[DOC]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mars' Moons | StarDate Online Mars' Moons | StarDate Online [PAR] Mars' Moons [PAR] Mars' Moons [PAR] Two small moons, Phobos and Deimos, orbit Mars. The larger moon, Phobos, passes across the Martian sky from west to east twice a day. It would look about half as big as the full Moon does on Earth. It's also so close to Mars that you couldn't see it from the Martian poles. [PAR] Deimos is farther away and moves slowly from east to west. Deimos would look like a small dot of light in the sky. Phobos is slowly moving closer to Mars. In another 50 to 100 million years, it will crash into Mars. [PAR] Phobos is small, dark, and airless. And it's one of the driest bodies in the solar system. [PAR] That doesn't mean that Phobos is dull, though. Quite the contrary. Phobos survived a powerful impact that may have fractured its interior. The impact gouged a large crater, and may be responsible for a series of long, deep grooves that appear to radiate away from the crater. [PAR] If the meteor that created the crater had been a bit larger, it might have destroyed Phobos. Instead, many scientists think the impact cracked the moon's interior. The cracks could contain water ice. If so, Phobos could serve as a refueling station for manned Mars-exploration missions. But observations by several spacecraft indicate that there's less water at the surface of Phobos than in almost any other body in the solar system. [PAR] Deimos is covered by a powdery dust that could be several hundred feet deep. The tips of giant boulders peek above the dust like icebergs floating in a dark sea. The dust formed as the result of billions of years of meteorite impacts, which pulverized the tiny moon's surface. [PAR] Many scientists believe that Phobos and Deimos are asteroids that wandered close to Mars billions of years ago. The Martian atmosphere may have been thick enough to act as a brake, slowing the small bodies enough to trap them in orbit. [PAR] But other scientists say that the moons formed at the same time as Mars, or that they're the remnants of a larger moon that was shattered by a collision with a large meteor. [PAR] This document was last modified: September 13, 2008[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Solar System - Deimos (pictures, video, facts & news) BBC - Solar System - Deimos (pictures, video, facts & news) [PAR] Asteroids explained [PAR] Patrick Moore describes the asteroid belt and its discovery. [PAR] Sir Patrick Moore explains how the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter was discovered. He also talks about Bode's Law, an 18th century empirical rule that was once thought to predict planets' orbits. It is now discredited by astronomers, including Sir Patrick. [PAR] About Deimos [PAR] Deimos (systematic designation: Mars II) is the smaller and outer of the two natural satellites of the planet Mars, the other being Phobos. Deimos has a mean radius of 6.2 km (3.9 mi) and takes 30.3 hours to orbit Mars. The name Deimos is pronounced /\u02c8da\u026am\u0252s/ DY-mos, or sometimes /\u02c8di\u02d0m\u0259s/ DEE-m\u0259s or like the Greek \u0394\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2.[citation needed] In Greek mythology, Deimos was the twin brother of Phobos and personified terror. [PAR] Deimos is 23,460 km (14,580 mi) from Mars, much further than Mars's other moon, Phobos."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Swallows and Amazons: Arthur Ransome: 9780099572794 ... Swallows and Amazons: Arthur Ransome: 9780099572794: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Review [PAR] \u201cHe makes a tale of adventure a handbook to adventure.\u201d \u2013Observer [PAR] \u201cThere is plenty of excitement, a little danger, a quality of thinking, planning and fun which is delightful and stimulating.\u201d \u2013TLS [PAR] Read more [PAR] About the Author [PAR] ARTHUR RANSOME was born in Leeds in 1884. He had an adventurous life -- as a baby he was carried by his father to the top of the Old Man of Coniston, a peak that is 2,276 ft high! He went to Russia in 1913 to study folklore and in 1914, at the start of World War I he became a foreign correspondent for the Daily News. In 1917 when the Russian Revolution began he became a journalist and was a special correspondent of the Guardian. He played chess with Lenin and married Trotsky's personal secretary, Evgenia Petrovna Shelepina. On their return to England, he bought a cottage near Windermere in the Lake District and began writing children's stories. In a 1958 author's note, Ransome wrote: ''I have been often asked how I came to write Swallows and Amazons. The answer is that it had its beginning long, long ago when, as children, my brother, my sisters and I spent most of our holidays on a farm at the south end of Coniston. We played in or on the lake or on the hills above... Going away from it we were half drowned in tears. While away from it, as children and as grown-ups, we dreamt about it. No matter where I was, wandering about the world, I used at night to look for the North Star and, in my mind's eye, could see the beloved sky-line of great hills beneath it. Swallows grew out of those old memories. I could not help writing it. It almost wrote itself.'' He published the first of his children's classics, the 12 Swallows and Amazons books, in 1930. In 1936 he won the first ever Carnegie Medal for his book, Pigeon Post. He died in 1967.[DOC] [TLE] Swallows And Amazons: Amazon.co.uk: Arthur Ransome ... Swallows And Amazons: Amazon.co.uk: Arthur Ransome: 9780099427339: Books [PAR] Swallows And Amazons [PAR] \u00c2\u00a37.99 FREE Delivery in the UK on orders dispatched by Amazon with at least \u00c2\u00a310 of books. Temporarily out of stock. Order now and we'll deliver when available. We'll e-mail you with an estimated delivery date as soon as we have more information. Your account will only be charged when we dispatch the item. Dispatched from and sold by Amazon. Gift-wrap available. [PAR] Add all three to Basket [PAR] One of these items is dispatched sooner than the other. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Swallows And Amazons by Arthur Ransome Paperback \u00c2\u00a37.99 [PAR] Temporarily out of stock. [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a310. Details [PAR] Swallowdale (Swallows And Amazons) by Arthur Ransome Paperback \u00c2\u00a37.99 [PAR] In stock. [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a310. Details [PAR] Peter Duck (Vintage Children's Classics) by Arthur Ransome Paperback \u00c2\u00a37.99 [PAR] In stock. [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a310. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cytology in Dogs - The Web's #1 Source of Pet Information Cytology in Dogs [PAR] Cytology in Dogs [PAR] Last Modified: August 02, 2015 [PAR] Share This Article [PAR] Read by: 141,681 pet lovers [PAR] Cytology is the examination and study of blood or tissue cells under a microscope that can be done in dogs and other animals. Cytology can be used to detect inflammation, infection, bacteria, fungi, parasites and cancer. [PAR] Cytology involves examination of a tissue or fluid sample. Often cytology is used to identify a lump or mass noted on physical examination. Certain skin diseases or hair loss situations \u2013 such as mange mite infection \u2013 can be diagnosed using cytology. Cytology is usually done when abnormal fluid is detected in a body cavity. Cytology may follow an abdominal ultrasound examination or surgical procedure that reveals abnormal organ tissue. Cytology of vaginal fluid can be used to guide breeding in female dogs. [PAR] There is no real contraindication to performing this test. Negative results can exclude the presence of certain diseases. For example, a skin tumor might be malignant or benign. If the cytology shows the mass to be a simple fatty tumor, it may be left alone and followed. In contrast, identification of a dangerous skin cancer, such as a mast cell tumor, would indicate the need for surgical removal of the mass. As with all tests, a cytologic examination is neither 100 percent sensitive nor specific. Should a cytology exam be negative or inconclusive, your veterinarian may recommend a full tissue biopsy sample be obtained and submitted for analysis. [PAR] What Does Cytology Reveal in Dogs? [PAR] Cytology can identify the presence of inflammation, infection, cancer, parasites, bacteria and fungi (molds and yeast). Following cytology, additional diagnostic tests, procedures, or medications may be recommended. [PAR] How Is Cytology Done in Dogs? [PAR] Cytology testing involves obtaining a sample of suspicious material. The material can be obtained by pressing a microscope slide against the tissue, by gently scraping the area with a scalpel blade, or by inserting a needle or sterile Q-tip into the tissue to obtain fluid or tissue. [PAR] Once obtained, the material is spread thinly over a microscope slide and allowed to dry. Fluid samples may be placed in a centrifuge first to concentrate the cells before they are transferred to the slide. The sample is then dyed with special biological stains to ease identification of the cells. The sample is once again allowed to dry. Once the dye has dried, the slide is ready for microscopic evaluation. [PAR] Some veterinarians are sufficiently experienced to evaluate cytology specimens. Most veterinarians submit the cytology specimen to a diagnostic laboratory for evaluation by a veterinary pathologist. Even if your veterinarian provides you a presumptive diagnosis based on his/her evaluation of the slide, the final diagnosis is typically made after the pathologist reviews the sample. [PAR] The cytology test generally takes 20 to 30 minutes to perform if done in the veterinarian's office. If the sample is submitted to a laboratory, results may not be available for 2 to 3 days. [PAR] Is Cytology Painful to Dogs? [PAR] In obtaining a sample with a needle, some pain may be involved, but very small needles typically are used. As with humans, the pain perceived from a needle stick varies among individual dogs, but it should not be any more painful than an injection or a blood sample. [PAR] Is Sedation or Anesthesia Needed for Cytology? [PAR] Sedation or anesthesia is not typically needed, but might be necessary depending on how the cytology sample is collected."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] billet-doux - definition of billet-doux in English from ... billet-doux - definition of billet-doux in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] A love letter. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018Contrary to what Bridget Jones's Diary suggests, e-mail has proved an equally unreliable medium for billets-doux.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A traffic ticket is not a billet-doux, nor is it a token of affection someone named \u2018Don Juan\u2019 delivers.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Not only that, e-mail is also treacherous, offering the illusion of a confidential or subversive chat when every electronic billet-doux belongs to the employer and can be produced in an industrial tribunal.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018In the last four years alone, no fewer than three auctions have featured billets-doux and other letters written by the Duke of Windsor when he held the titles Prince of Wales and King Edward VIII.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018As she seems easily fooled, why not send yourself sheaves of valentines and other billets-doux?\u2019 [PAR] \u2018And so he returns to the paparazzi and the predictable billets-doux slipped under the door by self-justifying journalists who have hypocrisy tattooed on their foreheads.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Of course, as well as penning billets-doux to gifted actors, he can also be marvellously tactless about those who don't impress him.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The rough trajectory of the plot begins with Kitty's discovery of a billet-doux, from her husband to Tula.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018So in the meantime I'll have to make do with this little billet-doux which has come fluttering through my letterbox\u2026\u2019 [PAR] \u2018From the sublime to the royal billet-doux, the same sale has a collection of 314 unpublished love letters comprising over 2,900 pages from the Prince of Wales (Edward VIII) to his mistress, Mrs Freda Dudley Ward.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Gone was the woozy romanticism I had wanted to read into his first billet-doux.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018So I thought it was time to share my riches; hence the following billet-doux on New Zealand skifields.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018\u2018This service is very much loved by those engrossed in clandestine relationships of a carnal nature for passing surreptitious billets-doux,\u2019 he said.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018And better still, the back of the menu was a billet-doux to gastronomic accountability.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018If I haven't burnt this little billet-doux to light the gas ring for my morning sausages.\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] Late 17th century: French, literally sweet note. [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] My name was taken off the list [PAR] My name was brought off the list [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The band will take out a new video in June [PAR] The band will bring out a new video in June [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The crisis could bring down the regime [PAR] The crisis could take down the regime [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] If I were offered the job, I'd bring it [PAR] If I were offered the job, I'd take it [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Such headaches are brought on by stress [PAR] Such headaches are taken on by stress [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The police took him away [PAR] The police brought him away [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Take the pastry and roll it out [PAR] Bring the pastry and roll it out [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] Will you bring me back some scent from Paris? [PAR] Will you take me back some scent from Paris? [PAR] Which of the following is correct? [PAR] The matter is brought before a jury [PAR] The matter is taken before a jury [PAR] Which of the following is"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flinders Ranges - Tourism Australia Guide to the Flinders Ranges, South Australia - Tourism Australia [PAR] Guide to the Flinders Ranges [PAR] Explore a landscape more than 600 million years old. [PAR] By Lee Atkinson [PAR] The rugged, weathered peaks and rocky gorges of the Flinders Ranges in Outback South Australia form some of the most dramatic and beautiful landscapes in the country. It's a place rich in Aboriginal history and home to a vast array of wildlife. Following the scenic roads, 4WD tracks and walking trails that crisscross this wild countryside will take you on a remarkable adventure. [PAR] HOW TO GET THERE [PAR] The Flinders Ranges are about 500 kilometres (311 miles) north of Adelaide , or a five hour road trip. You can also fly from Adelaide to Port Augusta with Sharp Airlines , which takes about 55 minutes. [PAR] [PAR] Sleep under the stars in a luxury swag [PAR] Try delicious wild food (like kangaroo and emu) at a famous Outback pub [PAR] See the extraordinary Wilpena Pound from above on a scenic flight [PAR] TOP THINGS TO DO IN THE FLINDERS RANGES [PAR] Ride the Coffee Pot [PAR] Ride the rails back in time on one of Australia's best-known steam train journeys. Operated by passionate volunteers, the Pichi Richi Railway runs beautifully restored steam and diesel locomotives and timber carriages, including the century-old steam train nicknamed the Coffee Pot that's a favourite of trainspotters and believed to be the last of its kind in the world. They run on the last remaining operating portion of the historic narrow-gauge Ghan railway line. Built in the 1870s, this section of the line runs through deep rock cuttings, stone wall embankments and spectacular iron bridges. Trips depart from Quorn and Port Augusta. [PAR] Explore Wilpena Pound [PAR] From the air, Wilpena Pound looks like a crater, a massive bowl almost 100 kilometres (62 miles) wide that stands above the surrounding plains. But the rim is actually made up of the stumps of huge mountains, believed to have been as high as the Himalayas, that have been eroded over millennia. There's only one way in: through a gorge 11 kilometres (seven miles) long and eight kilometres (five miles) across. It was called a pound by the early settlers in the 1850s \u2013 they thought it looked like a traditional sheep pen. The best way to see the distinctive shape is on a scenic flight from Wilpena Resort inside the Pound. It offers a range of accommodation from motel-style rooms to glamping as well as a campground and Aboriginal cultural walks and 4WD tours. You can also trek inside the Pound and climb up over the rim. [PAR] Eat a feral mixed grill [PAR] If you've never tasted kangaroo, emu or even camel, Parachilna\u2019s famous Prairie Hotel is the best place to try some. One of the Outback\u2019s most iconic hotels, the Prairie is an authentic pub with an innovative menu, best known for its creative use of native foods. The Feral Mixed Grill of emu, kangaroo, goat and camel is the hotel's signature dish, but make sure you try the quandong pie, made from a wild native peach \u2013 it's tart but delicious. Stay overnight in one of the stylish rooms out the back. [PAR] Watch the sun set from the top of the range [PAR] One of the oldest sheep stations in the Flinders, Rawnsley Park , on the southern face of Wilpena Pound, was established in 1851. It's still a working farm, but it's also a great place to stay, with a campground, simple cabins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edgar Balthazar - Disney Wiki - Wikia Edgar Balthazar | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] v - e - d Disney Villains [PAR] Disney Parks [PAR] Celebrate A Dreams Come True Parade | Celebrate the Magic | Cinderella Castle Mystery Tour | Club Villain | Disney's Fantillusion | Disney's Maleficious Halloween Party | Disney's Not-So-Scary Halloween Show | Disney's Once Upon a Dream Parade | Disney Dreams! | Disney's Stars 'n' Cars... As Never Seen Before | Fantasmic! | Feel the Magic | Frightfully Fun Parade | Glow in the Park Halloween Parade | Happy Hallowishes | Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular | Inferno Dance Party | It's Good To Be Bad With The Disney Villains | It's Good to Be Bad Villainous Celebration | It's Party Time... with Mickey and Friends... and the Disney Villains | Mickey's Boo-to-You Halloween Parade | Mickey and his Magic Halloween Night | Re-Villains! Halloween Parade | Sorcerers of the Magic Kingdom | The Disney Villains Halloween Showtime | The Nightmare Experiment | The Villains World | Unleash the Villains | Villains Gardens | Villainy in the Sky | Villains Mix and Mingle | Villains Night Out! | Villains Tonight! | Wishes | World of Color [PAR] Shorts and Comics [PAR] Pete | Sylvester Shyster | The Mad Doctor | Big Bad Wolf | Mortimer Mouse | The Phantom Blot | Beagle Boys | Flintheart Glomgold | Magica De Spell | Huey, Dewey and Louie Monsters | Solego | Dangerous Dan and Idgit the Midget | Red Eye and his brother | Singular | Chronoduck | Doubtfinder | Fluffy [PAR] Animated Features [PAR] The Evil Queen | Raven | Vultures | Honest John and Gideon | Stromboli | The Coachman | The Coachman's Goons | Lampwick | Monstro | Tyrannosaurus Rex | Chernabog | Chernabog's Minions | Ringmaster | Ronno | Man | Hunter Dogs | Aconcagua | The Toy Bull | Wolf | Tetti-Tatti | Lumpjaw | Willie the Giant | Rustlers | Mr. Winkie | Weasels | The Headless Horseman | Brom Bones | Lady Tremaine | Anastasia Tremaine | Drizella Tremaine | Lucifer | Queen of Hearts | Captain Hook | Mr. Smee | The Stray Dogs | The Dogcatcher | Si and Am | The Rat | Maleficent | Cruella De Vil | Jasper and Horace | Madam Mim | Kaa | Shere Khan | Edgar Balthazar | Prince John | Sheriff of Nottingham | The Bees | Heffalumps | Woozles | Madame Medusa | Amos Slade | Chief | The Bear | Horned King | Ratigan | Bill Sykes | Roscoe and DeSoto | Ursula | Flotsam and Jetsam | Percival McLeach | Gaston | Jafar | Iago | Gazeem | Scar | Shenzi, Banzai and Ed | Governor Ratcliffe | Claude Frollo | Hades | Pain and Panic | Zira | Nuka | Shan Yu | Sa'Luk | Clayton | Sabor | Clayton's Men | Jack-in-the-Box | The Firebird | Carnotaurus | Kron | Bruton | Velociraptors | Morgana | Yzma | Kronk | Lyle Tiberius Rourke | Helga Sinclair | Captain Gantu | John Silver | Scroop | Denahi | Alameda Slim | Rico | Mr. Wesley | The Willie Brothers | Foxy Loxy | Leroy | Dr. H\u00e4msterviel | DOR-15 | Dr. Calico | Agent | Doctor Facilier | Lawrence | Mother Gothel | The Backson | King Candy | Cy-Bugs | Hans | Duke of Weselton | Yokai | Mr. Yama | Dawn Bellwether | Doug | Duke Weaselton | Te K\u0101 | Tamatoa | Kakamora [PAR] Pixar [PAR] Sid Phillips"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basics of Darts : World Darts Federation Basics of Darts : World Darts Federation [PAR] THE BASICS OF DARTS IN 7 EASY STEPS [PAR] STEP 1: KNOW THE DARTBOARD. [PAR] Figure 1: A standard dartboard [PAR] Figure 2: The official WDF Dartboard setup. [PAR] STEP 3: SELECTING A SET OF DARTS:You should not rush into buying a set of darts. The weight and shape of darts varies enormously, as do the shapes of the flights. We recommend that you try as many different types of darts and flights as possible before making a purchase. After a while you will soon become aware that each different type of dart behaves differently when YOU throw it. Take your time, find a set that you feel comfortable with BEFORE you buy. [PAR] STEP 4: DARTS TERMINOLOGY: Here is a brief glossary of some of the common and most used terms and phrases used in darts: [PAR] \u201cGame on\u201d:-Advises all players that the match has now started. [PAR] \u201cOchie\u201d (pronounced \u201cokkey\u201d) :- The name of the throwing line. [PAR] \u201cLeg shot\u201d:- Signifies that a player has completed (Won) the \u201cleg\u201d. [PAR] \u201cGame shot\u201d:- Signifies that the match winning double has been hit. [PAR] \u201cBust\u201d:- Means a player has scored more than the score required. [PAR] \u201cDouble in\u201d:- A double is required before scoring can commence. [PAR] \u201cStraight start\u201d:- No double required to start. [PAR] \u201cTon\u201d:- Means a score of 100 points or more. [PAR] \u201cTon-forty\u201d:- Means a score of 140 points or more. [PAR] \u201cTon-eighty\u201d or \u201cMaximum\u201d:- Means a score of 180 points. [PAR] STEP 5: THE BASICS OF A GAME OF DARTS. [PAR] A game of darts always starts, and ends, with a handshake. [PAR] A game of darts can be played in played in several forms. The most common forms are:- One player against another which is known as \u201cSingles\u201d or teams of two players per team which is known as \u201cDoubles\u201d or \u201cPairs\u201d. A game of darts is played over an agreed number of sections which are known as \u201clegs\u201d. The number of \u201clegs\u201d in a game is always an odd number usually 1, 3, 5, or 7 \u201clegs\u201d. Matches are played as (for example) \u201cBest of 5 \u201clegs\u201d. This means that the first player or team to win 3 \u201clegs\u201d win the match. [PAR] Players throw alternately in \u201cSingles\u201d matches. In \u201cDoubles\u201d or \u201cPairs\u201d matches each \u201cPair\u201d throws alternately with each player in the respective \u201cPair\u201d also throwing alternately. A \u201cThrow\u201d consists of \u201c3\u201d darts. If a player completes the \u201cLeg\u201d or the match in less than three darts the remaining dart or darts are not thrown. [PAR] Matches usually start from 501 in competition darts but other common starts are 301, 401, 701, and even 1001. Sometimes darts matches are played where a \u201cdouble\u201d is required to start each \u201cLeg\u201d of the match. However, the most common form of play is \u201cstraight start\u201d which means that players/teams can begin to score points immediately with the first dart thrown. Both teams start on the agreed starting number and the object is to score down to zero as quickly as possible. The value of the different sectors of the dartboard can be seen in Fig 1. above. Each section or \u201cleg\u201d of the match must be finished with a \u201cdouble\u201d, this means the outer scoring ring. For example as one approaches the end of a \u201cleg\u201d a player or team may have 40 points left to score. This means Double 20 is required and to end the \u201cLeg\u201d a dart must be thrown into the \u201cdouble\u201d section of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Name Says It All: Burma's Insein Prison The Name Says It All: Burma's Insein Prison [PAR] The Name Says It All: Burma's Insein Prison [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Myanmar's Insein Prison, where Auung San Suu Kyi and hundreds of others are held (c) Digital Globe 2008. Image taken from Google Earth [PAR] Myanmar\u2019s opposition leader and Nobel prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi has been brought to the country\u2019s infamous Insein (pronounced \u201cinsane\u201d) prison, to face trial on May 18. The prison has been described as the \u201cdarkest hell-hole in Burma\u201d and houses many of the country\u2019s more than 2,100 political prisoners. Just recently, after years of campaigning by Amnesty International, Mah Khin Khin Leh has been released from there. [PAR] Aung San Suu Kyi\u2019s transfer to Insein prison has sparked international outcry, led by Amnesty International activists . The UN Special Rapporteur for human rights in Myanmar, Tomas Ojea Quintana, made the following statement yesterday : \u201cI call on the government of Myanmar [Burma] to release Aung San Suu Kyi and her aides unconditionally\u201d. [PAR] The BBC has a good report summarizing the events of the last few days. [PAR] Post Views: 179 [PAR] Ma Khin Khin Leh is Free! [PAR] About Christoph Koettl [PAR] Christoph Koettl is the Emergency Response Manager at Amnesty International USA and works on urgent human rights situations such as armed conflicts. In his work he focuses on exploring the intersection of technology and human rights, specializing in utilizing satellite imagery or citizen video for human rights research and advocacy. He previously worked and studied in Austria, the Netherlands and Italy and holds an MA in International Relations from Johns Hopkins University\u2019s School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). His expertise is in International Humanitarian Law, conflict analysis, crisis mapping, video validation and social media forensics and he is a regular speaker on technology and human rights. He has testified on war crimes in Sri Lanka before the United States Congress and his work is covered regularly by numerous national and international media, including Associated Press, BBC, CNN, Al Jazeera and Reuters. [PAR] AIUSA welcomes a lively and courteous discussion that follow our Community Guidelines . Comments are not pre-screened before they post but AIUSA reserves the right to remove any comments violating our guidelines. [PAR] 43 thoughts on \u201cThe Name Says It All: Burma's Insein Prison\u201d [PAR] I never thought a building could be so aptly named. [PAR] therese greenheck on [PAR] Burma's generals expose their fear by brutalizing those they are most afraid of. [PAR] therese greenheck on [PAR] Burma\u2019s generals expose their fear by brutalizing those they are most afraid of. [PAR] G. R. Pemberton on [PAR] Free those who speak truth to power. Cowards stifle speech. [PAR] MKD on [PAR] May 20, 2009 at 5:49 AM [PAR] said: [PAR] The detention of Aung San Suu Kyi is a disgrace and the very epitome of corruption and hostility. Her relentless peaceful defiance is a testament to her enlightened character and I hope the world stands up to this ruthless, violent and opressive government until democracy reigns and she, and the thousands of other political prisoners are free. [PAR] Cynthia Pierson on [PAR] May 20, 2009 at 8:59 AM [PAR] said: [PAR] I am responding to the BBC report and I stand for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi. Stop this oppression. [PAR] G. R. Pemberton on [PAR] May 20, 2009 at 9:49 AM [PAR] said: [PAR] The detention of Aung San Suu Kyi is a disgrace and the very epitome of corruption and hostility. Her relentless peaceful defiance is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Effects of Hepatitis C on the Body - Healthline Effects of Hepatitis C on the Body [PAR] Musty Mouth [PAR] Skin and Eyes [PAR] Hepatitis C is a viral disease that primarily causes inflammation of the liver, but the effects can be felt throughout the body. [PAR] The Effects of Hepatitis C on the Body [PAR] Hepatitis C is caused by a virus that is passed through contact with the blood of an infected person. The infection leads to inflammation of the liver. [PAR] The liver processes blood and filter toxins so they don\u2019t cause damage to your body. The liver also produces bile, which helps you to digest food and stores glucose and vitamins. Inflammation makes it difficult for the liver to perform these vital functions. In time, the hepatitis C infection can affect the entire body. [PAR] Early symptoms, including yellowing skin and fatigue, may be mild and easily dismissed. Chronic infection can cause scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). As the disease progresses, symptoms such as skin problems, blood disorders, and fever may appear. [PAR] In the long term, hepatitis C can lead to severe liver damage, liver cancer, and liver failure. Early treatment can help delay or prevent serious damage. [PAR] Digestive System [PAR] A healthy liver performs many functions that are crucial to your health. The liver is responsible for producing bile, a substance needed to break down fats. The body stores bile in the gallbladder, then sends it to the beginning section of the small intestine (duodenum). Bile is then combined with stomach acids and digestive fluids from the pancreas, which help the intestines absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. [PAR] Hepatitis C can severely hinder the liver\u2019s ability to produce bile. Inflammation of the gallbladder can make it painful to digest fatty foods. Therefore, people with hepatitis C may feel some pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen. This may be due to a build-up of fluid in the stomach (ascites). This occurs when the damaged liver doesn\u2019t produce enough albumin, a substance that regulates the amount of fluid in cells. [PAR] Other digestive symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Stool may become pale or clay-colored, and urine may darken. [PAR] Central Nervous System [PAR] When the liver doesn\u2019t filter toxins from the blood, they can damage the central nervous system (hepatic encephalopathy). This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including sweet or musty breath, weakening of small motor skills, and sleep disturbances. Dry eyes and mouth are sometimes associated with hepatitis C. [PAR] A build-up of toxins in the brain can cause confusion, forgetfulness, poor concentration, and personality changes. Advanced symptoms include abnormal shaking, agitation, disorientation, and slurred speech. Severe cases may cause coma. [PAR] Circulatory System [PAR] The liver filters toxins out of your bloodstream. It also produces proteins needed for healthy blood and helps to regulate blood clotting. A poorly functioning liver can create blood flow problems and increase pressure in the vein that leads to the liver (portal vein). This can cause portal hypertension, which may force blood to find an alternate vein. The vein can burst if it\u2019s too small, causing serious internal bleeding (variceal bleeding). [PAR] A poorly functioning liver is unable to properly extract iron from the blood and store it for later use. This can result in anemia. [PAR] A healthy liver also helps convert sugars into glucose and store it for energy. Too much sugar in the bloodstream can lead to insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. [PAR] Blood tests can reveal the presence of hepatitis C antibodies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lana Del Rey announces new album title: Ultraviolence ... Lana Del Rey announces new album title: Ultraviolence | Music | The Guardian [PAR] Lana Del Rey announces new album title: Ultraviolence [PAR] US singer shuns her doubts about continuing with music career and confirms plans for second album [PAR] 'My muse is fickle' \u2026 Lana Del Rey had given mixed messages about the future of her career. Photograph: Jason Laveris/FilmMagic [PAR] Thursday 5 December 2013 11.42 EST [PAR] First published on Thursday 5 December 2013 11.42 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 3 years old [PAR] After a year of hinting at retirement, Lana Del Rey has revealed that her second album will be entitled Ultraviolence. [PAR] Speaking at a the premiere of her short film, Tropico , at the Cinerama Dome in Hollywood, the singer told the audience: \"I really just wanted us all to be together so I could try and visually close out my chapter before I release the new record, Ultraviolence.\" [PAR] While there are no further details regarding the followup to 2012's Born to Die, the word \"ultra-violence\" was used in Anthony Burgess's 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange in reference to the droogs' favourite pastime of crazed sprees of brutality and mayhem. [PAR] News of Del Rey's second album comes at the end of a year of mixed messages from the singer. In February she suggested that she might be finished with music altogether. \"What would I say?\" she told Vogue when asked about a new album. \"I feel like everything I wanted to say, I've said already.\" [PAR] When announcing her short film Tropico this summer, the star described it as her \"farewell project\" and also told Nylon magazine in November's issue that she was unsure she could make a second album: \"When people ask me about it, I just have to be honest \u2013 I really don't know,\" said Del Rey. \"I don't want to say, 'Yeah, definitely \u2013 the next one's better than this one,' because I don't really hear a next one. My muse is very fickle. She only comes to me sometimes, which is annoying.\" [PAR] Tropico is a film based around stories from the Bible: \"It's Elvis and Jesus and Marilyn and extraterrestrials all in one.\" Lasting almost 30 minutes, the Anthony Mandler film stars albino model Shaun Ross alongside the singer, and is available to stream from Vevo. [PAR] Lizzy Grant was a flop, changed her name to Lana Del Rey and was acclaimed as a new star. But the backlash from fans who felt duped has been unprecedented. Paul Harris reports on the woman who reinvented herself [PAR] Published: 21 Jan 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Horch - Wikicars Horch - Wikicars [PAR] Horch [PAR] Search By Model [PAR] Defunct [PAR] Horch was the popular name for high-performance luxury motor cars manufactured in Germany by the company, August Horch & Cie, at the beginning of the 20th century. [PAR] Founder [PAR] The company was established by August Horch , a former production manager for Karl Benz , and a partner on November 14, 1899 with a capital of 30,000 Goldmark at Ehrenfeld, near Cologne. Horch was also later the founder of the German automaker, Audi , which is named after the Latin translation of his surname (latin word for the regional Saxon expression, horch, which is the imperative form of \u201chark\u201d - \"listen to me\" in German). [PAR] 1938 Horch 853 Sport Cabriolet [PAR] Initial cars [PAR] The company initially began producing 5 and 10 hp twin-cylinder engine automobiles near Cologne in 1901. [PAR] The first Horch had a 4.5 hp engine, with an alloy crankcase, a unique achievement in those days. It had an open-body design, with lighting provided by lanterns with candles in them. In contrast with the powerful cars of later years, the first Horch could barely reach a top speed of 32 km/h. It was significant at that time because it used a friction clutch, and also had a drive shaft to power the wheels. [PAR] The firm soon ran into financial troubles, not surprising considering the pioneering nature of the automobile business at that time. Horch had to seek new partners. [PAR] The company was moved to Reichenbach (Vogtland) in March, 1902, where it produced a 20 hp four-cylinder car with a shaft drive. Horch cars were considered much advanced and superior to those being then built by Mercedes or Benz (who were then separate manufacturers). [PAR] By 1903, Horch had built a car with a four-cylinder engine. In March of the following year, he introduced his new car at the Frankfurt Fair. [PAR] In 1904, Horch was forced to convert the firm into a joint-stock company, A. Horch & Cie. Motorwagen-Werke AG, an action that he was to later regret. [PAR] On May 10, 1904, he moved the new corporation to Zwickau, a city to the southwest of Chemnitz, in the eastern German state of Saxony. [PAR] The first six-cylinder Horch appeared in 1907. [PAR] Audi connection [PAR] In 1909, the supervisor board (German equivalent of the Board of Directors) of this corporation forced out Horch. Horch went on to found Audi , Audiwerke GmbH, which became effective on 25 April 1910. The name was a solution to the legal dispute with his old company over use of the Horch brand. [PAR] In 1928, the company was acquired by J\u00f6rgen Skafte Rasmussen, owner of DKW (which comes from the German word, Dampfkraftwagen), who bought the same year the remains of the US automobile manufacturer, Rickenbacker , including the manufacturing equipment for eight-cylinder engines. [PAR] Eventually, on 29th June, 1932 Audi merged with Horch, DKW and Wanderer to form the Auto Union . The current Audi four-ring logo is the Auto Union logo. In the 1930s Horch introduced a new line of smaller and cheaper, but still presentable, V8 automobiles. [PAR] Auto Union became a major supplier of automobiles to the German armed forces. Civilian production was suspended after March 1940. [PAR] Trabant connection [PAR] During the Second World War, the factories suffered heavy bomb damage. Later, the advancing Soviet forces captured the area, and it became part of the Soviet sector of divided Germany in 1945, and later became part of East Germany. [PAR] The factory was renamed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Al Jolson and Bing Crosby - Who paid the rent for Mrs Rip ... Al Jolson and Bing Crosby - Who paid the rent for Mrs Rip Van Winkle when Rip Van Winkle went away - YouTube [PAR] Find out why [PAR] Close [PAR] Al Jolson and Bing Crosby - Who paid the rent for Mrs Rip Van Winkle when Rip Van Winkle went away [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 13, 2009 [PAR] Must be one of the longest song titles ever! \"Rip Van Winkle\" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving published in 1819, as well as the name of the story's fictional protagonist. Written while Irving was living in Birmingham, England, it was part of a collection entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon. Although the story is set in New York's Catskill Mountains, Irving later admitted, \"When I wrote the story, I had never been on the Catskills.\"[1] [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Who is Washington Irving? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK Who is Washington Irving? (with pictures) [PAR] Who is Washington Irving? [PAR] Edited By: Sara Z. Potter [PAR] Last Modified Date: 24 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] Can you see through these real-life optical illusions? [PAR] Washington Irving was an American author of the 19th century, best remembered for his short stories \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" and \" Rip Van Winkle ,\" both published in 1819. He also wrote essays, biographies, and historical works, in addition to working as a lawyer and a diplomat to England and Spain. Washington Irving was one of the first American authors to gain critical acclaim abroad, and he was an influence on later American authors including Hawthorne and Poe. [PAR] Washington Irving was born in Manhattan , New York on 3 April 1783 to William Irving, a Scotsman and officer in the Royal Navy, and his wife Sara. The youngest of eight children, he was named after George Washington , whom his parents greatly admired. Washington Irving wrote his first book, a satirical history of New York City, in 1809 under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker. At the age of 32, he began his first diplomatic post abroad, in England, but he also had time to travel the continent. He enjoyed reading German and Dutch folktales, which influenced some of his later short stories. [PAR] Ad [PAR] In 1819, Irving published The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon in America, though British publishers also released a version without the author's permission. The book mainly consisted of picturesque vignettes of English life, but it also contained what would become his two most famous stories and gained him a following in Europe. Washington Irving lived in Spain from 1828 to 1832, during which time he wrote four fictionalized Spanish history books, focusing on the topics of Christopher Columbus and the Moorish occupation. The Royal Society of Literature in London awarded Irving with a gold medal in history in 1830, and the author also earned honorary degrees from Columbia Oxford, and Harvard. [PAR] After returning to the United States, Irving traveled on the Western frontier and was inspired by the experience and the people he met to write a series of American frontier histories similar in tone to his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anhidrosis - Mayo Clinic Anhidrosis - Mayo Clinic [PAR] Anhidrosis [PAR] By Mayo Clinic Staff [PAR] Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. When you don't sweat (perspire), your body can't cool itself, which can lead to overheating and sometimes to heatstroke \u2014 a potentially fatal condition. [PAR] Anhidrosis \u2014 sometimes called hypohidrosis \u2014 can be difficult to diagnose. Mild anhidrosis often goes unrecognized. Dozens of factors can cause the condition, including skin trauma and certain diseases and medications. You can inherit anhidrosis or develop it later in life. [PAR] Treatment of anhidrosis involves addressing the underlying cause, if one can be found. [PAR] Goldsmith LA, et al., eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 8th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=740. Accessed Nov. 10, 2014. [PAR] Bolognia JL, et al. Dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 10, 2014. [PAR] Tay LK, et al. Acquired idiopathic anhidrosis: A diagnosis often missed. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2014;71:499. [PAR] Kliegman RM, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2011. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 10, 2014. [PAR] Extreme heat prevention guide. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.asp. Accessed Nov. 10, 2014. [PAR] Products and Services"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leicester Rugby Club \u2013 Leicester Tigers Leicester Rugby Club \u2013 Leicester Tigers [PAR] Love Leicester [PAR] Leicester Rugby Club [PAR] The Leicester Rugby Club is an English rugby Union Club who currently plays at the Aviva Premiership and has been the standing champions since last year. They have managed to become one of the most successful clubs in the history of English rugby and all credit goes to the coordination and organization along with the excellent team work of the players. Their excellent performance can be seen from the statistics where the club has never ended a league below the 6th position. Moreover they are known to be the only team along with Gloucester, Bath and Wasps who have never been relegated from the top division. Their bag of victories including winning the Heineken Cup twice and the league five times under the captaincy of Martin Johnson. They are one of the richest clubs with a turnover of 18.5 million dollars. They play all their home games at Welford Road which has a capacity of over 30000. The club is currently under the chairmanship of Peter Tom and coached and captained by Richard Cockerill and Geordan Murphy respectively. [PAR] The jerseys of the Leicester Rugby Club are red and green stripes and they wear a blue jersey for all their away matches. They are nicknamed the Tigers, the origin of which is unknown. Their home ground at Welford Road came into existence only in the year 1892. Their matches played at the home ground were spectacular and could be seen through the continuous victories at the Midland Cup. The continuous win from the year 1898 to 1905 made them drop out from the cup itself so as to give a chance to other clubs as well to gain a win at the cup. The winning streak of the Leicester Rugby Club started again at the end of the 20th century. They won the Heineken Cup in 1995 followed by the Pilkington Cup in 1997. In the 1996 Cup they lost to the Bath at the final game due to a miss in the penalty shot. However they never gave up hope and continued to excel under the management of Dean Richards. The captain of the Leicester Rugby Club, Martin Johnson managed to coordinate the team effort so as to produce skilled and talented players. They managed to seal their victory back to back at the Heineken Cup in 2001 and 2002 and went on to becoming the only English team to have successfully won the Cup twice in a row. [PAR] The home games of Leicester Rugby Club were even more entertaining. They showed an array of skill and managed to go undefeated for a stretch of 57 matches during the span of 1997 to 2002. They are currently placed at the 10th position in the English premier League table. Their Premiership record has been outstanding. They managed to finish first in 2004-2005, second in the next two consecutive years and again first in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Leicester Rugby Club is sure to perform well in this season as well a keep up their record. [PAR] Toggle to the primary sidebar [PAR] Close the secondary sidebar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Union of Fascists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia British Union of Fascists - Wikipedia [PAR] British Union of Fascists [PAR] Larger part of the British Fascists [PAR] Succeeded by [PAR] Elections [PAR] The British Union of Fascists, or BUF, was a Fascist political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley . It changed its name to the \"British Union of Fascists and National Socialists\" in 1936 and, in 1937, to \"British Union.\" It was finally disbanded in 1940 after it was proscribed by the British government, following the start of the Second World War . [PAR] The BUF emerged in 1932 from the British far-right , following the electoral defeat of its antecedent, the New Party , in the 1931 general election . The BUF's foundation was initially met with popular support and developed a sizeable following. The press baron Lord Rothermere was a notable early supporter. As the party became increasingly radical, however, support declined. The Olympia Rally of 1934, in which a number of anti-Fascist protestors were attacked, isolated the party from much of its following. The party's embrace of Nazi -style anti-semitism in 1936 led to increasingly violent clashes with opponents, notably the 1936 Battle of Cable Street in London 's East End . The Public Order Act 1936 , which banned political uniforms and responded to increasing political violence, had a particularly strong effect on the BUF whose supporters were known as \"Blackshirts\" after the uniforms they wore. [PAR] Growing British hostility towards Nazi Germany , with which the British press persistently associated the BUF, further contributed to the decline of the movement's membership. It was finally banned by the British government in 1940 after the start of the Second World War, amid suspicion that its remaining supporters might form a pro-Nazi \" fifth column \". A number of prominent BUF members were arrested and interned under Defence Regulation 18B . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background[ edit ] [PAR] Flowchart showing the history of the early British fascist movement. [PAR] Oswald Mosley was the youngest elected Conservative MP before crossing the floor in 1922, joining first Labour and, shortly afterwards, the Independent Labour Party . He became a minister in Ramsay MacDonald 's Labour government , advising on rising unemployment.[ citation needed ] [PAR] In 1930, Mosley issued his 'Mosley Memorandum', which fused protectionism with a proto- Keynesian programme of policies designed to tackle the unemployment problem, and he resigned from the Labour party soon after, in early 1931, when the plans were rejected. He immediately formed the New Party , with policies based on his memorandum. Despite winning 16% of the vote at a by-election in Ashton-under-Lyne in early 1931, however, the party failed to achieve any other electoral success.[ citation needed ] [PAR] During 1931, the New Party became increasingly influenced by Fascism . [1] The next year, after a January 1932 visit to Benito Mussolini in Italy , Mosley's own conversion to fascism was confirmed. He wound up the New Party in April, but preserved its youth movement, which would form the core of the BUF, intact. He spent the summer that year writing a fascist programme, The Greater Britain, and this formed the basis of policy of the BUF, which was launched in October 1932. [1] [PAR] Early success and growth[ edit ] [PAR] The Olympia Exhibition Centre in London , site of the party's 1934 rally sometimes cited as the beginning of the movement's decline. [PAR] Italy's Duce Benito Mussolini (left) with Leader Oswald Mosley (right) during Mosley's visit to Italy in 1936. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genesis - Definition and Meaning, Bible Dictionary Genesis Definition and Meaning - Bible Dictionary [PAR] Genesis [H] [S] [PAR] The five books of Moses were collectively called the Pentateuch, a word of Greek origin meaning \"the five-fold book.\" The Jews called them the Torah, i.e., \"the law.\" It is probable that the division of the Torah into five books proceeded from the Greek translators of the Old Testament. The names by which these several books are generally known are Greek. [PAR] The first book of the Pentateuch (q.v.) is called by the Jews Bereshith, i.e., \"in the beginning\", because this is the first word of the book. It is generally known among Christians by the name of Genesis, i.e., \"creation\" or \"generation,\" being the name given to it in the LXX. as designating its character, because it gives an account of the origin of all things. It contains, according to the usual computation, the history of about two thousand three hundred and sixty-nine years. [PAR] Genesis is divided into two principal parts. The first part (1-11) gives a general history of mankind down to the time of the Dispersion. The second part presents the early history of Israel down to the death and burial of Joseph (12-50). [PAR] There are five principal persons brought in succession under our notice in this book, and around these persons the history of the successive periods is grouped, viz., Adam (1-3), Noah (4-9), Abraham ( (10-25:18), ), Isaac ( (25:19-35:29), ), and Jacob (36-50). [PAR] In this book we have several prophecies concerning Christ ( 3:15 ; 12:3 ; 18:18 ; 22:18 ; 26:4 ; 28:14 ; 49:10 ). The author of this book was Moses. Under divine guidance he may indeed have been led to make use of materials already existing in primeval documents, or even of traditions in a trustworthy form that had come down to his time, purifying them from all that was unworthy; but the hand of Moses is clearly seen throughout in its composition. [PAR] These dictionary topics are from [PAR] M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, [PAR] published by Thomas Nelson, 1897. Public Domain, copy freely. [PAR] [H] indicates this entry was also found in Hitchcock's Bible Names [PAR] [S] indicates this entry was also found in Smith's Bible Dictionary [PAR] Bibliography Information [PAR] Easton, Matthew George. \"Entry for Genesis\". \"Easton's Bible Dictionary\". [PAR] . [PAR] Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names. Public Domain. Copy freely. [PAR] [E] indicates this entry was also found in Easton's Bible Dictionary [PAR] [S] indicates this entry was also found in Smith's Bible Dictionary [PAR] Bibliography Information [PAR] Hitchcock, Roswell D. \"Entry for 'Genesis'\". \"An Interpreting Dictionary of Scripture Proper Names\". [PAR] . New York, N.Y., 1869. [PAR] Genesis [E] [H] [PAR] (origin ), the first book of the law or Pentateuch, so called from its title ia the Septuagint, that is, Creation . Its author was Moses. The date of writing was probably during the forty-years wanderings in the wilderness, B.C. 1491-1451. Time . --The book of Genesis covered 2369 years,--from the creation of Adam, A.M 1, to the death of Joseph, A.M. 2369, or B.C. 1635. Character and purpose . --The book of Genesis (with the first chapters of Exodus) describes the steps which led to the establishment of the theocracy. It is a part of the writers plan to tell us what the divine preparation of the world was in order to show, first, the significance of the call of Abraham, and next, the true nature of the Jewish theocracy. He begins with the creation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Erythrophobia - MedicineNet Definition of Erythrophobia [PAR] Definition of Erythrophobia [PAR] Gallery of Skin Problems Pictures [PAR] Erythrophobia: An abnormal and persistent fear of blushing. Sufferers of erythrophobia experience undue anxiety even though they realize their fear is irrational. Their anxiety results from worry about being the focus of attention and the subject of embarrassment. Attempts to suppress blushing often have the opposite effect. Sufferers of erythrophobia tend to avoid social gatherings and workplace projects that require them to interact with, or speak before, groups of co-workers. [PAR] \"Erythrophobia\" also can refer to fear of the color red because of what it may symbolize, such as blood. The terms \"redcoat\" (British soldier in the American Revolution) and \"red\" (synonym for \"communist\") gave Americans valid reasons to fear red. Other terms with \"red\" that have a negative connotation include \"redeye\" (an overnight air flight), \"caught red-handed\" (caught with evidence of guilt) \"red-herring\" (a deceptive tactic), \"red ink\" (a financial loss) and \"seeing red\" (angry). [PAR] \"Erythrophobia\" is derived from the Greek \"erythros\" (red) and \"phobos\" (fear). \"Erythros\" also gives us the English words \"erythema\" (inflammation of the skin that causes reddening) and \"erythrocyte\" (a red blood cell). [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What day is it? Today is - French Days of the Week What day is it? Today is ... - French Days of the Week [PAR] French Days of the Week [PAR] What day is it? Today is ... [PAR] There are a few different formulas you need to know in order to talk about the day of the week in French. [PAR] Asking and answering [PAR] French has three different ways to ask \"What day (of the week) is it?\" [PAR] Quel jour est-ce ? [PAR] Quel jour est-on ? [PAR] Quel jour sommes-nous ? [PAR] To answer, simply uninvert one of the verb-subject pairs above and then say the day of the week . So \"It's Saturday\" can be said [PAR] C'est samedi. [PAR] To say \"Today is Thursday,\" say Aujourd'hui, followed by any of the above phrases. [PAR] Aujourd'hui, c'est jeudi. [PAR] Aujourd'hui, nous sommes jeudi. [PAR] When is ___? [PAR] To find out \"what day\" or \"when\" something will happen, ask Quel jour est ... ? or Quand est ... ? Then to answer, say ... [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Say the Dates in French [PAR] est + the day of the week. [PAR] Quel jour est la f\u00eate ? La f\u00eate / Elle est samedi. [PAR] What day is the party? The party / It is on Saturday. [PAR] Quand est le repas ? Le repas / Il est lundi. [PAR] When is the meal? The meal / It is on Monday. [PAR] When asking which day an annual event will fall on, say Quel jour / Quand tombe ... cette ann\u00e9e ? (Note that this question is for when you know the date of the event. To ask about an actual date rather than just the day of the week, see page 1 .) [PAR] Quel jour tombe ton anniversaire (cette ann\u00e9e) ? C'est dimanche. [PAR] What day is your birthday (this year)? It's (on) Sunday. [PAR] Quand tombe Halloween (cette ann\u00e9e) ? C'est mercredi. [PAR] When (What day) is Halloween this year? It's (on) Wednesday. [PAR] [PAR] Definite articles [PAR] When talking about the day of the week something happened or will happen, you may or may not need a definite article , depending on how far the event is in the past or future and whether it is a one-time event. [PAR] 1) For an event that occurred last week or will occur next week, you do not need an article. [PAR] Generally speaking, this is equivalent to using the word \"this\" in English: [PAR] Il est arriv\u00e9 samedi. [PAR] He arrived on Saturday, He arrived this Saturday. [PAR] Nous allons faire des achats mercredi. [PAR] We're going to go shopping on Wednesday, this Wednesday. [PAR] 2) If it occurs further in the past or future, you do need an article. In the English translation, you're likely to need the word \"that\": [PAR] Il est arriv\u00e9 le samedi (de cette semaine-l\u00e0). [PAR] He arrived that Saturday, He arrived that week on Saturday. [PAR] Nous allons faire des achats le mercredi (avant la f\u00eate). [PAR] We're going to go shopping that Wednesday (before the party). [PAR] 3) You also need the definite article when talking about something that occurred, occurs, or will occur on that same day more than once: [PAR] Il arrivait le samedi. [PAR] He used to arrive on Saturdays, every Saturday. [PAR] Nous faisons des achats le mercredi. [PAR] We go shopping on Wednesdays. [PAR] Je ne vais plus travailler le vendredi. [PAR] I'm not going to work on Fridays any more. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil - States And Municipalities Brazil - States And Municipalities [PAR] BRAZIL [PAR] +- [PAR] Brazil - States And Municipalities [PAR] The beautiful South American country of Brazil is made up of 26 states, over 5 500 municipalities and a Federal District in which the capital city, Brasilia, is located. The states and municipalities of Brazil are divided up as such mainly for geographical and administrative purposes. The regions, on the other hand, are purely geographical. They can be characterised as: [PAR] \u2022 The Northern Region [PAR] \u2022 The Southern Region [PAR] MUNICIPALITIES [PAR] There are currently more than 5 500 individual municipalities in Brazil, each classified as an administrative division of the state that they occupy. Each municipality represents an average of about 35 000 residents and each state has an average of 214 municipalities. The administrations, or local governments, are autonomous, granting them a measure of independence from the political regions around them. They can create their own laws (within reason), collect taxes from their residents and receive funds from the state. [PAR] Each municipality is headed by an elected mayor and a legislative body that handles the legal aspects of running the municipal area. The elections take place across Brazil at the same time. [PAR] The state with the least number of municipalities is Roraima, which only has 15 such bodies in place. On the other hand, Minas Gerais has the largest number of municipalities, which number 853. The Federal District cannot, by law, be divided into municipal areas. [PAR] The political power of the municipality limits it from any judicial matters or actions. Therefore, courts are only organised at a state level. [PAR] Municipal administrations will be located in a denominated city, which must bear the same name as its municipality. If necessary, one or more municipalities can be split or merged together within the same state, as long as they are still under the Federal Constitution with no ulterior motive to rebel. Therefore, no municipalities can join forces to separate themselves from or oppose the state or the union. [PAR] STATES [PAR] There are 27 individual states or Federative Unions that make up the country of Brazil. To be precise, there are 26 states and a Federal District. The geographical borders of each state were largely decided on through the course of history, changing and developing over time. [PAR] States were first defined (although not officially) during the 16th century, when land was leased to Portuguese nobles and merchants, who were instructed to colonise their portion and make it their home. There was the facility granted for these ones to leave their land to their sons after their own deaths, thereby keeping them under Portuguese control, but also defining very strict boundaries for each person. However, the Monarchy of Portugal retained its ultimate power over these districts and eventually retrieved direct control during the same century. [PAR] When Brazil gained its independence in 1822, the colony became the empire and all these captaincies, or districts, were classified as provinces. Some minor changes were made at this point. These provinces were then made into states in 1889, when the country became a republic. [PAR] For more information, please view: http://www.brasil.gov.br/governo [PAR] We are looking for people to write high quality articles about the country Brazil for this web site. You will be given full credit with your contact details, as payment, please contact info@brazil.org.za , if interested. [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright www.brazil.org.za"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baby Boy by Beyonc\u00e9 Songfacts Baby Boy by Beyonc\u00e9 Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] This song featuring the Jamaican dancehall-reggae singer Sean Paul was #1 in the US for 10 weeks. It also topped the singles chart in China, Mexico and Israel. The song finds Beyonc\u00e9 smitten with her lover, who she calls her \"Baby Boy.\" He stays on her mind and in her fantasies. [PAR] Dangerously in Love was Beyonc\u00e9's first solo album, and the beginning of her mononym era. She got a lot of help on the album, using a variety of writers and producers on the tracks. [PAR] \"Baby Boy\" has five co-writers: Beyonc\u00e9, Robert Waller, Sean Paul, Jay-Z and Scott Storch. Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z were playing coy about their personal relationship at the time, but Jigga got writing credit on five tracks from the album, including two where he rapped: \" Crazy In Love \" and \"That's How You Like It.\" [PAR] Scott Storch was a rising star in the production ranks, having helmed the Christina Aguilera song \" Fighter \" and many of the other tracks on her Stripped album. Storch would later flame out financially and creatively in spectacular fashion, blowing his millions on a devastating cocaine habit. [PAR] At the beginning of 2008 Beyonc\u00e9 won a copyright infringement case against Minneapolis singer-songwriter Jennifer Armour, who claimed that the R&B singer had stolen lyrics and hooks from her song \"Got a Little Bit of Love For You\" for \"Baby Boy.\" Armour maintained that she had mailed \"I Got A Little Bit Of Love For You\" to Beyonc\u00e9's manager-father Matthew Knowles and her record company in early 2003. However the court found \"Baby Boy\" had been written before her song had been sent. [PAR] The smoldering video was directed by Jake Nava, who was in charge of several Beyonc\u00e9 clips, including \" Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) \" and \" Crazy In Love .\" In the \"Baby Boy\" video, we see Beyonc\u00e9 in a variety of sets and outfits, including the chain-mail bikini she wears on the album cover. [PAR] Beyonc\u00e9 performed some of this song at the Super Bowl halftime show in 2013 (Ravens 34, 49ers 31). When she was done with song, her Destiny's Child cohorts Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams popped out of the floor to join the star."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rocky Marciano on Pinterest | Joe Louis, Boxing and Boxers 1000+ images about Rocky Marciano on Pinterest | September 1, The krays and The rock [PAR] Fist of Boxing Heavyweight Contender Rocky Marciano Outside at His Training Camp at Grossinger's [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Boxing - 2 | Britannica.com Boxing - 2 | Britannica.com [PAR] Boxing [PAR] sport, both amateur and professional, involving attack and defense with the fists. [PAR] Displaying 1 - 100 of 141 results [PAR] Ali, Muhammad American professional boxer and social activist. Ali was the first fighter to win the world heavyweight championship on three separate occasions; he successfully defended this title 19 times. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., grew up in the American South... [PAR] Arguello, Alexis Nicaraguan professional boxer who was world featherweight, junior lightweight, and lightweight champion between 1974 and 1982. Arguello, who became a professional fighter in 1968, fought only in his homeland until 1974, when he went to Panama to seek... [PAR] Armstrong, Henry American boxer, the only professional boxer to hold world championship titles in three weight divisions simultaneously. Armstrong fought as an amateur from 1929 to 1932. Early in his career he boxed under the name Melody Jackson. He first won the featherweight... [PAR] Attell, Abe American professional boxer, undisputed world featherweight champion from 1906 through 1912. Attell was from a poor Jewish family and began his boxing career at 15 as a means of supplementing the family\u2019s income. In his first 32 bouts he was victorious... [PAR] Baer, Max American boxer who won the world heavyweight championship by knocking out Primo Carnera in 11 rounds in New York City on June 14, 1934. He lost the title to James J. Braddock on a 15-round decision at Long Island City, New York, on June 13, 1935. Perhaps... [PAR] Basilio, Carmen American professional boxer, world welterweight and middleweight champion. After serving in the Marine Corps, Basilio became a professional boxer in 1948. Only in the sixth year of his professional career did he finally receive an opportunity to fight... [PAR] Bendigo English bare-knuckle boxer who became a Methodist evangelist and who is one of the few athletes whose name is borne by a city\u2014Bendigo in Victoria, Australia. His nickname apparently is a corruption of the Old Testament name Abednego. Thompson was one... [PAR] Benvenuti, Nino Italian professional boxer, Olympic welterweight and world middleweight champion. Benvenuti won the Olympic welterweight title in 1960. He turned professional the following year and won his first 65 matches and the Italian middleweight championship.... [PAR] Berbick, Trevor Jamaican-born Canadian boxer who defeated Muhammad Ali on Dec. 12, 1981, in a unanimous decision in a fight that would end Ali\u2019s career. In 1986 Berbick won the World Boxing Council heavyweight title in a decision over Pinklon Thomas only to lose it... [PAR] Bivins, Jimmy American boxerwho defeated numerous future boxing champions in the ring\u2014including Ezzard Charles and Archie Moore \u2014but he was never given the opportunity to fight for a world title. Despite that unexplained omission, Bivins, who was only 1.75 m (5 ft... [PAR] boxing sport, both amateur and professional, involving attack and defense with the fists. Boxers usually wear padded gloves and generally observe the code set forth in the marquess of Queensberry rules. Matched in weight and ability, boxing contestants try... [PAR] Braddock, James J. American world heavyweight boxing champion from June 13, 1935, when he outpointed Max Baer in 15 rounds at the Long Island City Bowl in New York City, until June 22, 1937, when he was knocked out by Joe Louis in Chicago. Braddock\u2019s professional name... [PAR] Broughton, Jack"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Listen to Mother Goose by Maurice Ravel - Listening ... Listen to Mother Goose by Maurice Ravel - Listening Library - The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra [PAR] Play Now [PAR] [PAR] Ravel was a regular guest at the Sunday evening salons hosted by Cipa and Ida Godebski, a Polish couple living in Paris, and on several occasions he vacationed with the family at their country house. Over the course of visits between 1908 and 1910, Ravel composed a set of pieces for piano (scored for four hands) dedicated to the young Godebski children, Mimie and Jean. He called the suite Ma m\u00e8re l\u2019oye (Mother Goose), and he fashioned the \u201cfive children\u2019s pieces,\u201d as he subtitled them, out of popular fairy tales. The title and two of the tales came from Charles Perrault, a seventeenth-century French writer and the father of the fairy tale as a literary genre. His 1697 opus, Tales and Stories of the Past with Morals: Tales of Mother Goose, immortalized Sleeping Beauty, Tom Thumb, and many other classic characters. Other tales came from Madame d\u2019Aulnoy, a rival of Perrault. One more timeless story, Beauty and the Beast, first appeared in an eighteenth-century collection. [PAR] The orchestral version of Mother Goose owes its existence, indirectly, to Serge Diaghilev and Igor Stravinsky. After the sensational appearances in Paris by the Ballets Russes, the French impresario Jacques Rouch\u00e9 countered by renting out the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Arts and assembling productions with leading French composers and artists. Rouch\u00e9 asked Ravel for a new ballet, and the composer obliged by orchestrating Mother Goose, adding a prelude and scene and providing connecting interludes. [PAR] Following the dreamy prelude, the Spinning-wheel Dance and Scene establishes a frame story for the ballet, in which Sleeping Beauty trips over an old woman\u2019s spinning wheel, pricks her finger, and falls into a magical slumber. The Pavane of Sleeping Beauty is a short and mournful dance; like Ravel\u2019s famous Pavane pour une infante d\u00e9funte, orchestrated a year earlier, this Pavane retains the ceremonial quality of the Italian court dance it is named for. [PAR] The next scene visits The Conversation of Beauty and the Beast, in which the clarinet leads a beauteous waltz and the contrabassoon makes beastly interjections. In Tom Thumb, the little protagonist drops breadcrumbs to guide his way home and becomes flummoxed as the chirping birds steal his crumbs. Laideronnette, Empress of the Pagodas uses pentatonic themes and tam-tam strikes to evoke an Asian setting. The final scene, The Fairy Garden, blooms from delicate solos into a resplendent finale for full orchestral forces, celebrating the rising sun and Sleeping Beauty\u2019s awakening. [PAR] Aaron Grad \u00a92012 [PAR] First performance: January 29, 1912 in Paris. First SPCO performance: January 18-21, 1984. Instrumentation: two flutes second doubling piccolo, two oboes second doubling English horn, two clarinets, two bassoons, contrabassoon, two horns, timpani, percussion, harp, celesta, and strings."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Dominican-Republic---Language,-Culture-,-Customs-and ... Dominican Republic - Language, Culture , Customs and Etiquette [PAR] Dominican Republic Guide [PAR] Award-Winning Culture Guides [PAR] 80+ country-specific guides covering country characteristics, the people, language, culture, etiquette, business protocol, communication styles and much more . [PAR] Dominican Republic Guide [PAR] Language, Culture , Customs and Etiquette [PAR] Welcome to our guide to the Dominican Republic. This is useful for anyone researching the culture, customs, manners, etiquette, values and wanting to understand the people better. You may be going to the Dominican Republic on business, for a visit or even hosting colleagues or clients in your own country. Remember this is only a very basic level introduction and is not meant to stereotype all Dominican people you may meet! [PAR] Facts and Statistics [PAR] Location: Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti [PAR] Capital: Santo Domingo [PAR] Climate: tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall [PAR] Population: 10,349,741 (July 2014 est.) [PAR] Ethnic Make-up: white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73% [PAR] Religions: Roman Catholic 95% [PAR] Government: representative democracy [PAR] Language in the Dominican Republic [PAR] Spanish is the official language of the country and which street signs and restaurant menus are written in. Even though the people linked to the tourist trade generally speak English, knowing some Spanish is a great advantage. [PAR] It is important to point out that \"Dominicanese\" (the local way of speaking Spanish, interspersed with Dominican elements) is the everyday life experience of the peasant's soul and wisdom, expressed with a rustic accent and with inland flavor. As in all countries, each region has its charm and accentuates its expressions in a peculiar way, identifying the speaker from the first words uttered in his conversation. [PAR] Dominican Society & Culture [PAR] Dominican Family Values [PAR] The family forms the basis of stability. [PAR] The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the extended family, which generally encompasses three generations. [PAR] When possible, the extended family lives together or within the same vicinity. [PAR] Loyalty to the family comes before any other social relationship, even business. [PAR] Nepotism is considered a good thing, since it implies employing people one knows and trusts, which is of primary importance. [PAR] The oldest male in the extended family makes decisions affecting the balance of the family. [PAR] Dominican Hospitality [PAR] Dominicans pride themselves on their hospitality. [PAR] When someone visits, Dominicans go out of their way to make guests feel welcome and comfortable [PAR] House guests are treated royally and Dominicans attempt to cater to their every desire. [PAR] Appearances Matter [PAR] In Dominican society appearance is very important. [PAR] People are extremely fashion conscious and believe that clothes indicate social standing and success. [PAR] They take great pride in wearing good fabrics and clothes of the best standard they can afford. [PAR] Designer labels, particularly those from the USA, are looked upon favourably. [PAR] Class in the Dominican Republic [PAR] Racial and economic issues determine social stratification in the Dominican Republic. [PAR] The upper class are descended from the European settlers and have lighter skin than the lower class who are darker skinned and descended from African slaves or Haitians. [PAR] The middle class is comprised of mulattoes who are of mixed African and European ancestry and form the majority of the population. [PAR] Social class determines access to power and position, although in the large cities, the lines of demarcation often blur slightly. [PAR] Status is defined more by family background"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert pints U.K. pt Imperial into fluid ounces U.K. fl ... Convert pints U.K. pt Imperial into fluid ounces U.K. fl oz Imperial volume and capacity for culinary practise [PAR] Amount: 1 pint U.K. (pt Imperial) in volume [PAR] Equals: 20.00 fluid ounces U.K. (fl oz Imperial) [PAR] volume and capacity from pint U.K. to fluid ounce U.K. Conversion Results: [PAR] Enter a New pint U.K. Amount of volume and capacity to Convert From [PAR] * Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8) [PAR] * Precision is how many numbers after decimal point (1 - 9) [PAR] Enter Your Amount : [PAR] Decimal Precision : [PAR] Calculate fluid ounces U.K. in volume and capacity per 1 pint U.K. unit. The volume and capacity kitchen measuring units converter for culinary chefs, bakers and other professionals. [PAR] CONVERT : between other volume and capacity measuring units - complete list. [PAR] Conversion calculator for webmasters . [PAR] Main page for volume and capacity units conversions. [PAR] Convert volume and capacity culinary measuring units between pint U.K. (pt Imperial) and fluid ounces U.K. (fl oz Imperial) but in the other direction from fluid ounces U.K. into pints U.K. also as per volume and capacity units. [PAR] Culinary arts school: volume and capacity units converter [PAR] This online culinary volume and capacity measures converter, from pt Imperial into fl oz Imperial units, is a handy tool not only for experienced certified professionals in food businesses and skilled chefs in state of the industry's kitchens model. [PAR] Other applications of this volume and capacity units converter are ... [PAR] With the above mentioned units converting service it provides, this volume and capacity units converter also proved to be useful as a teaching tool and for practising pints U.K. and fluid ounces U.K. ( pt Imperial vs. fl oz Imperial ) conversion exercises by new culinarians and students (in classrooms or at home based kitchens) who have been learning this particular cooking mastery art in culinary colleges, in schools of culinary arts and all other kinds of culinary training for converting the volume and capacity cooking units measures. [PAR] Unit symbols used by international culinary educational institutions and training for these two volume and capacity unit measurements are: [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for pint U.K. is: pt Imperial [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. short brevis ) unit symbol for fluid ounce U.K. is: fl oz Imperial [PAR] One pint U.K. in volume and capacity sense converted to fluid ounces U.K. equals precisely to 20.00 fl oz Imperial [PAR] How many fluid ounces U.K. of volume and capacity system are in 1 pint U.K.? The answer is: The change of 1 pt Imperial ( pint U.K. ) unit for a volume and capacity measure equals = into 20.00 fl oz Imperial ( fluid ounce U.K. ) as per its equivalent volume and capacity unit type measure often used. [PAR] Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking an accurate volume and capacity unit measure can be totally crucial. If there is an exact measure in pt Imperial - pints U.K. used in volume and capacity units, it's the rule in culinary career, that the pint U.K. number gets converted into fl oz Imperial - fluid ounces U.K. for the volume and capacity absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly, using either pints U.K. unit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Francis Ford Coppola, Magazine Publisher - latimes Francis Ford Coppola, Magazine Publisher - latimes [PAR] YOU ARE HERE: LAT Home \u2192 Collections \u2192 Magazines [PAR] Francis Ford Coppola, Magazine Publisher [PAR] Publications: With Zoetrope Short Stories, the film director has put on another hat. His new quarterly is dedicated to short fiction. [PAR] February 24, 1997 |SCOTT COLLINS | TIMES STAFF WRITER [PAR] Francis Ford Coppola has never been satisfied being just a movie director. So over the years he has dabbled as, among other things, a vintner, cigar maker, resort innkeeper and studio chief. [PAR] Now the director of \"The Godfather\" trilogy has added another line to his resume: magazine publisher. [PAR] Over the past few weeks, Coppola and his minions have begun mailing copies of Zoetrope Short Stories, a new quarterly literary magazine dedicated to short fiction. The first issue runs 60 pages and includes seven stories and one essay, plus a letter to the reader from Coppola, who is listed on the masthead as publisher and founding editor. [PAR] \"I do hope that this publication will form a bridge to storytellers at large, encouraging them to work in the natural format of a short story,\" Coppola writes in the letter. [PAR] Like many Coppola projects, Zoetrope Short Stories seems a mix of the whimsical and grandiose. The publication was launched with a minimum of fanfare, quietly mailed out to writers, editors and students after its official start Jan. 30 (issues will also be available free at selected coffeehouses). John Masterton, an editor at the New York-based trade journal Media Industry Newsletter, said he was unaware of its existence until a reporter called to inquire about it. [PAR] On the other hand, Coppola, 57, appears to have great expectations for his latest venture. The initial press run is 50,000 copies, which is five to 10 times the circulation for many established literary magazines. According to Editor Adrienne Brodeur, Coppola is planning what he describes as \"barn-raising\" parties in several large cities, including Los Angeles, to celebrate the magazine. (Coppola was said to be editing a trailer for his latest film, \"The Rainmaker,\" and unavailable for an interview, although he did respond to some questions by fax.) [PAR] But the magazine may serve another purpose beyond the sheer love of letters. Coppola's letter to readers disdains the current state of screenwriting (\"I have never met a person in the film business who enjoys reading a screenplay\") and takes the unusual step of warning writers not to submit scripts or treatments. Screenwriters have strayed from the \"storytelling tradition\" of John O'Hara, Dorothy Parker, Ring Lardner, F. Scott Fitzgerald and others, Coppola writes. [PAR] But he adds: \"If Zoetrope publishes a single short story that evolves into a memorable film then, in my mind, it would more than justify our efforts to produce this magazine.\" [PAR] Brodeur, 31, whose resume includes a six-month stint at Paris Review, confirms the magazine may prove useful to Coppola's San Francisco-based production company, American Zoetrope. [PAR] \"If [Coppola] fell madly in love with a story, he would certainly pursue developing it\" as a movie, Brodeur said. As if to telegraph that goal, the first issue concludes with a reprint of \"The Wisdom of Eve,\" Mary Orr's 1947 short story that was the basis of the 1950 film \"All About Eve.\" [PAR] * [PAR] Whatever its exact mission, Zoetrope Short Stories has dedicated itself to an increasingly marginal genre. Once a staple of popular magazines, short fiction has recently grown harder to find at the newsstand. The New Yorker, for instance, roughly halved the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Tolpuddle Martyrs | Historic UK The Tolpuddle Martyrs | Historic UK [PAR] By Ellen Castelow , Contributing Writer | Comments [PAR] Throughout history, tales of brave, courageous people being executed for their beliefs, usually religious ones, are well known but the men who became known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs were not persecuted for their religion. [PAR] Tolpuddle is a village near Dorchester in Dorset , where in the years 1833 and 1834 a great wave of trade union activity took place and a lodge of the Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers was established. Entry into the union involved payment of a shilling (5p) and swearing before a picture of a skeleton never to tell anyone the union's secrets. [PAR] Lord Melbourne was Prime Minister at this time and he was bitterly opposed to the Trade Union Movement, so when six English farm labourers were sentenced in March 1834 to 7 years transportation to a penal colony in Australia for trade union activities, Lord Melbourne did not dispute the sentence. [PAR] The labourers were arrested ostensibly for administrating unlawful oaths, but the real reason was because they were trying to protest at their already pitiful wages. The labourers at Tolpuddle lived in meagre poverty on just 7 shillings a week and wanted an increase to 10 shillings, but instead their wages were cut to 6 shillings a week. [PAR] The Whig government had become alarmed at the working class discontent in the country at this time. The government and the landowners, led by James Frampton, were determined to squash the union and to control increasing outbreaks of dissent. [PAR] Six of the Tolpuddle labourers were arrested: George and James Loveless, James Brine, James Hammett, Thomas Stansfield and his son John. It was George Loveless who had established the Friendly Society of Agricultural Workers in Tolpuddle. [PAR] At their trial, the judge and jury were hostile and the six were sentenced to 7 years transportation to Australia. After the trial many public protest meetings were held and there was uproar throughout the country at this sentence, so the prisoners were hastily transported to Australia without delay. [PAR] The people were incensed at this treatment and after 250,000 people signed a petition and a procession of 30,000 people marched down Whitehall in support of the labourers, the sentences were remitted. After some delay, the the six were given a free passage home from Australia. [PAR] When finally home and free, some of the 'martyrs' settled on farms in England and four emigrated to Canada. [PAR] The tree under which the 'martyrs' met is now very old and reduced to a stump, but it has become a place of pilgrimage in Tolpuddle, where it is known as the 'Martyrs Tree'. A commemorative seat and shelter was erected in 1934 on the green by the wealthy London draper Sir Ernest Debenham. [PAR] The story of the Tolpuddle Martyrs is perhaps the best known case in the early history of the Trade Union Movement. [PAR] Useful Information: [PAR] Tolpuddle Martyrs Rally - third week in July [PAR] The annual festival to commemorate the memory of the struggle of the Tolpuddle Martyrs is held on the third weekend of every July in the Dorset village of Tolpuddle. International speakers join with workers' representatives, and progressive musicians and artists to make it an occasion to remember. [PAR] Shire Hall, Dorchester [PAR] Built in 1797, this Grade I Listed Building was designed by London architect Thomas Hardwick. It retains the courtroom where the Tolpuddle Martyrs were sentenced to transportation to Australia for their part in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Like Palaces, Gardens & Zoos? Visit Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna! Like Palaces, Gardens & Zoos? Visit Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna! [PAR] Like Palaces, Gardens & Zoos? Visit Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna! [PAR] \u00a9 Chad Goddard Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna [PAR] https://www.flickr.com/photos/39537600@N04/8063596163/ [PAR] Most of the time we focus on the best way to travel between your favorite European cities \u2013 but what about traveling within the city once you get there? Metro trains and inner city trams are equally as efficient as inter-city trains, and they are just as integral to the classic European experience. Vienna is a great city to use as an example due to its extremely efficient public transportation system. Here we will show you how easy it is to travel within the city of Vienna by highlighting one of its most striking monuments: the Schonbrunn Palace. [PAR] What is the Schonbrunn Palace? [PAR] The \u201cpalace\u201d as a structure is such a quintessentially European landmark, and Vienna\u2019s Schonbrunn Palace is no exception. Like many others throughout the continent, this palace was once used as a royal summer home. Its architecture represents the ideals of the Rococo era and its d\u00e9cor is a faithful depiction of the tastes of Vienna\u2019s most famous monarchs, the Hapsburgs. Go for the gardens and stay for an unexpected benefit: the zoo! [PAR] It would be cool enough if the most remarkable thing about this zoo is that it exists on the grounds of a classic European palace, but there\u2019s more: it\u2019s the oldest existing zoo in the world and today, it is considered to be one of the most modern as well. If palace gardens aren\u2019t your thing, this might be the perfect alternative. [PAR] And while you stroll through the gardens or the zoo (or both, perhaps?), should you find yourself in need of a refreshment, Cafe Gloriette is right at your service. Offering top notch pastries alongside top notch views of Vienna, this cafe is the ideal place to gather your thoughts and look through your pictures before heading off to your next stop. [PAR] Schonbrunn Palace \u00a9 Martin Shuck https://www.flickr.com/photos/martinshuck/536607441/ [PAR] How to Travel to the Schonbrunn Palace from Vienna [PAR] Taking public transportation to the Palace is quite easy, since pretty much all types of transport in Vienna have a stop near the palace. If riding the subway, get off at the U4 Schonbrunn station. If riding a bus, use line 10A. When riding Vienna\u2019s tram system, use trams numbered 10, 58, or 60. You can view the maps for the trams and subway system here . [PAR] How to Travel with a Vienna Card [PAR] If the palace is only the first of many stops on your itinerary, you may want to look into the Vienna Card . City cards are extremely convenient and can save a lot of stress \u2013 they cover your transportation and offer discounts into many monuments and museums. The Vienna card covers transportation on all buses, metros and trams within the city, in addition to these benefits: [PAR] 17% discount on Vienna Airport and City Airport Lines [PAR] Discounts on guided tours, music, theatre, shopping, and restaurants [PAR] Valid for 72 hours [PAR] Includes a coupon book listing all discounts and instructions (provided when you exchange your voucher for the Card) [PAR] Don\u2019t forget that after you purchase your voucher for the Vienna Card, you must exchange the voucher within 6 months of the issue date. Once you decide when you\u2019d like to start using the Card, have it validated in one of the blue validation machines prior to your first journey. The Card\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Red Shoes (1948) - IMDb The Red Shoes (1948) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A young ballet dancer is torn between the man she loves and her pursuit to become a prima ballerina. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2010 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 16 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 20 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 03 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 27 Oct 2014 [PAR] Title: The Red Shoes (1948) [PAR] 8.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 2 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After opening a convent in the Himalayas, five nuns encounter conflict and tension - both with the natives and also within their own group - as they attempt to adapt to their remote, exotic surroundings. [PAR] Directors: Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger [PAR] Stars: Deborah Kerr, David Farrar, Flora Robson [PAR] A British wartime aviator who cheats death must argue for his life before a celestial court. [PAR] Directors: Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger [PAR] Stars: David Niven, Kim Hunter, Robert Coote [PAR] From the Boer War through World War II, a soldier rises through the ranks in the British military. [PAR] Directors: Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger [PAR] Stars: Roger Livesey, Deborah Kerr, Anton Walbrook [PAR] A young man murders women, using a movie camera to film their dying expressions of terror. [PAR] Director: Michael Powell [PAR] Meeting a stranger in a railway station, a woman is tempted to cheat on her husband. [PAR] Director: David Lean [PAR] A tale of ambition, family, love, and war set in the midst of the Japanese Civil Wars of the sixteenth century. [PAR] Director: Kenji Mizoguchi [PAR] A beautiful young woman takes her father's place as the prisoner of a mysterious beast, who wishes to marry her. [PAR] Directors: Jean Cocteau, Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment [PAR] Stars: Jean Marais, Josette Day, Mila Par\u00e9ly [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Under the authoritarian rule of charismatic ballet impressario Boris Lermontov, his proteges realize the full promise of their talents, but at a price: utter devotion to their art and complete loyalty to Lermontov himself. Under his near-obsessive guidance, young ballerina Victoria Page is poised for superstardom, but earns Lermontov's scorn when she falls in love with Julian Craster, composer of \"The Red Shoes,\" the ballet Lermontov is staging to showcase her talents. Vicky leaves the company and marries Craster, but still finds herself torn between Lermontov's demands and those of her heart. Written by Paul Penna <tterrace@wco.com> [PAR] A Dancing, Singing, Swinging Love Tale See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 6 September 1948 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Las zapatillas rojas See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Much to his surprise, Michael Powell had great difficulty persuading Moira Shearer to be in the film. She held out for a year before giving in to him. Shearer herself, however, did not particularly care for Powell. In later years she"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Homage To Catalonia Essay Examples | Kibin Homage To Catalonia Essay Examples | Kibin [PAR] Homage To Catalonia Essay Examples [PAR] 7 total results [PAR] A Book Review of George Orwell's \"Homage to Catalonia\" [PAR] George OrwellHomage To CataloniaPublished by Harvest books (New York) in June 1969,264 pgsBook Review of Homage to CataloniaGeorge Orwell, noted writer and journalist, arrived in Barcelona, Spain in late 1936 to cover the fight against fascism. Being an avid fan of socialism, he was amazed to see the small glimpse of social... [PAR] 1,257 words [PAR] A Look at the Early Life of Salvador Dali and Surrealistic Painting Works [PAR] The Outline I. The early life of Dali : A- The Place and Time of his birth. B-The incident of his dead brother. C-The effect of his brother on him. D- His study and the beginning of his drwings. II. The Surrealistic era and Dali : A-The two important gifts. B-The price of the gifts. C-Loosing his paintings before t... [PAR] 816 words [PAR] An Essay on Speakers in the Stories Homage to My Hips and Her Kind [PAR] Two Different Attitudes, Two Different Worlds In this essay I am going to compare and contrast the speakers and the stories of Homage to my Hips and Her Kind. The speakers in this stories have very different attitudes, and approaches in telling their story about the same topic. While talking about the oppression of wom... [PAR] 669 words [PAR] Ramses II: The Great Pharaoh of the Land of Egypt [PAR] Userare Setepnere (Ramses II) is one of the few pharaohs who emerges from history with a personality. Early Egyptologists bestowed on him the title of The Great for he bequeathed to posterity a series of monuments executed on a staggering scale. He was a lavish usurper of the buildings of his forerunners and an untiring fab... [PAR] 1,514 words [PAR] A Literary Analysis and a Comparison of Homage to My Hips and Her Kind [PAR] ifferent Worlds [PAR] In this essay I am going to compare and contrast the speakers and the stories of \u201cHomage to my Hips\u201d and \u201cHer Kind\u201d. The speakers in this stories have very different attitudes, and approaches in telling their story about the same topic. While talking about the oppression of women, both Lucille Clifton and An... [PAR] 667 words [PAR] A Comparison and Contrast of the Two Stories, Homage to my Hips and Her Kind [PAR] Two Different Attitudes, Two Different Worlds In this essay I am going to compare and contrast the speakers and the stories of Homage to my Hips and Her Kind . The speakers in this stories have very different attitudes, and approaches in telling their story about the same topic. While talking about the oppression of women,... [PAR] 671 words [PAR] An Analysis of the Homage to Paul Cezanne by Charles Wright [PAR] Edward Hirsch The Southern Cross is a complex gesture to the past bracketed by two complementary long poems, \"Homage to Paul C\u00e9zanne,\" a hypnotic, highly figurative litany for the unnamed dead, and the title piece. . . . \"Homage to Paul C\u00e9zanne\" is an attempt to amplify voices that have become too f... [PAR] 2,897 words[DOC] [TLE] Homage To Catalonia | Download eBook PDF/EPUB Homage To Catalonia | Download eBook PDF/EPUB [PAR] Publisher by : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt [PAR] Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi [PAR] Total Read : 66 [PAR] Total Download : 476 [PAR] File Size : 51,8 Mb [PAR] Description : Homage to Catalonia is both a memoir of Orwell\u2019s experience at the front in the Spanish"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hermann Maier - About | Facebook MORE INFO [PAR] Personal Information [PAR] Hermann Maier (born December 7, 1972, in Altenmarkt im Pongau, Austria) is a champion alpine ski racer. [PAR] ... [PAR] Maier has won four overall World Cup titles (1998, 2000, 2001, 2004), two Olympic gold medals (both in 1998), three World Championship titles (1999: 2, and 2005) and 54 races on the World Cup circuit. [PAR] Maier ranks among the finest alpine ski racers in history, which includes Toni Sailer, Jean-Claude Killy, Gustav Th\u00f6ni, Ingemar Stenmark, Franz Klammer, Phil Mahre, Marc Girardelli, Pirmin Zurbriggen, Alberto Tomba, Lasse Kjus and Kjetil Andr\u00e9 Aamodt. [PAR] Hermann Maier did not initially enjoy much success in ski racing. As a 15-year old at the Schladming ski academy, he was sent home after being told he wouldn't succeed because of his slight build, caused by growth impairments. He returned home to his hometown of Flachau and his father's ski school, which remains Maier's home. He took up work as a bricklayer in the summer and a ski instructor in the winter. [PAR] Participating in local races, Maier became a multiple regional champion in Salzburg and Tyrol, but still was not able to gain a spot in the strong Austrian World Cup ski team. Putting that behind him, his outstanding talent was recognized for the first time by Austrian coaches on January 6,1996, when he was timed with the 12th fastest time in a World Cup giant slalom in Flachau, although only starting as a forerunner, not participating in the actual competition. [1] This would become the starting point of his international career. [PAR] Maier made his World Cup debut at age 23 on February 10, 1996, and finished 26th in the giant slalom at Hinterstoder, Austria. A year later in February 1997, he won his first World Cup event - a Super-G race in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. He quickly established himself as an explosive and dynamic racer, well known for his strength, willingness to take risks, and strong work ethic. [PAR] Maier soon dominated alpine ski racing, winning the gold medal in the giant slalom and Super-G at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, only a few days after a dramatic crash in the downhill race where he flew spectacularly off the sunlit course and repeatedly tumbled into deep snow. That put him on the cover of Sports Illustrated and made him a well known sportsman around the globe. Maier won the overall World Cup title in 1998, as well as the Super-G and giant slalom season titles, and placed second in the downhill standings. In 2000 and 2001, he won the overall World Cup title, as well as the season titles in downhill, Super G, and giant slalom. [PAR] Maier at \"Day of Sports\" Festival Vienna 2006. [PAR] His racing career nearly ended following a near-fatal motorcycle accident in August 2001; he collided with a car on his way home from a summer training session in Austria. Doctors nearly amputated his lower leg, but instead Maier underwent massive reconstructive surgery. Most believed his racing career was over, and he had to sit out the 2002 season, missing the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. He returned to international competition in January 2003 in Adelboden, Switzerland. Just two weeks later, he shocked the skiing world with an amazing Super-G victory in the skiing-mecca of Kitzb\u00fchel, Austria. [PAR] In 2004, his first full season back, he reclaimed both the Super-G and overall titles, a feat widely seen as one of the greatest comebacks in sports history. In 2004, Hermann Maier received the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Cromwell: Lord Protector - Infoplease Oliver Cromwell: Lord Protector [PAR] Oliver Cromwell [PAR] Lord Protector [PAR] In 1649, after the proclamation of the republican Commonwealth, Cromwell led a punitive expedition into Ireland, especially remembered for the massacre of the royalist garrison at Drogheda. He then initiated a policy of systematic dispossession of the Irish, transferring their lands to Protestant proprietors. In 1650 he invaded Scotland and routed the Scottish royalists at Dunbar; later he defeated the Scots and Charles II himself at Worcester (1651) and left the rest of the conquest of Scotland to Gen. George Monck. [PAR] Cromwell, now virtual dictator of the Commonwealth, dissolved the Rump Parliament in 1653 after it had failed to effect reforms demanded by the army and had sought to perpetuate its power. His attempt to replace it by the Nominated (Barebone's) Parliament (see Barebone, Praise-God ), appointed by himself from nominations of the Independent congregations, resulted in a reckless, hopelessly divided body that was finally forced to dissolve itself. A group of army officers then drew up the constitutional document known as the Instrument of Government (1653), by which Cromwell became lord protector (see Protectorate ). The Parliament of 1654, which was elected under the terms of the same document, wanted to prepare a new constitution and was soon dissolved. [PAR] After that Cromwell resorted to open military government, dividing England into 11 districts, each administered by a major-general. Another, more amenable Parliament was summoned in 1656, and in 1657 it presented to Cromwell a new constitution known as the Humble Petition and Advice and offered him the crown. He declined the crown but accepted (with some modifications) the Humble Petition, which further increased his power and set up a second legislative chamber. The second session of this same Parliament, however, challenged the new constitution, and Cromwell dissolved it (1658) seven months before his death. [PAR] Cromwell's foreign policy was governed by the need to expand English trade and prevent the restoration of the Stuarts, and by the desire to build up a Protestant league and enhance the prestige of the English republic. He approved the Navigation Act of 1651, which led to the first (1652\u201354) of the Dutch Wars , and he pressed the war against Spain (1655\u201358) as a means of encroaching on Spanish rights of colonization in America. The Dutch war resulted in several important naval victories for the English under Admiral Robert Blake , but the Spanish war, apart from the sinking of a Spanish fleet (also by Blake), brought only Jamaica and imposed a great strain on English finances. [PAR] Sections in this article:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Latin quotes & mottos with translations - In Rebus Latin quotes & mottos with translations [PAR] A bene placito - At one's pleasure [PAR] A bove majori discit arare minor - The young ox learns to plough from the older [PAR] A capite ad calcem - From head to heel [PAR] A cappella - Vocals only [PAR] A contrario - From a contrary position [PAR] A cruce salus - From the cross comes salvation [PAR] A Deo et Rege - From God and the King [PAR] A fonte puro pura defluit aqua - From a clear spring clear water flows [PAR] A fortiori - With yet stronger reason [PAR] A fronte praecipitium a tergo lupi - A precipice in front, wolves behind (between a rock and a hard place) [PAR] A latere - From the side (of a pope's envoy) [PAR] A mari usque ad mare - From sea to sea (Motto of Canada) [PAR] A mensa et thoro - From board and bed (legal separation) [PAR] A pedibus usque ad caput - From feet to head [PAR] A posse ad esse - From possibility to actuality [PAR] A posteriori - From what comes after. Inductive reasoning based on observation, as opposed to deductive, or a priori [PAR] A priori - From what comes before [PAR] A re decedunt - They wander from the point [PAR] A teneris unguiculis - From tender little nails, from the earliest childhood. [PAR] A verbis ad verbera - From words to blows [PAR] A verbis legis non est recedendum - There must be no departure from the words of the law [PAR] A vinculo matrimonii - From the bounds of matrimony [PAR] Ab absurdo - From the absurd (establishing the validity of your argument by pointing out the absurdity of your opponent's position) [PAR] Ab actu ad posse valet illatio - From what has happened we may infer what will happen [PAR] Ab aeterno - From the beginning of time [PAR] Ab alio spectes alteri quod feceris - As you do to another, expect another to do to you [PAR] Ab amicis honesta petamus - We must ask what is proper from our friends [PAR] Ab asino lanam - Wool from an ass, blood from a stone impossible [PAR] Ab hinc - From here on [PAR] Ab honesto virum bonum nihil deterret - Nothing deters a good man from the performance of his duties [PAR] Ab imo pectore - From the bottom of the chest. (from the heart) (Julius Caesar) [PAR] Ab inconvenienti - From the inconvenience [PAR] Ab incunabulis - From the cradle [PAR] Ab initio - From the beginning [PAR] Ab intestato - Having made no will [PAR] Ab origine - From the origin [PAR] Ab ovo usque ad mala - From the egg right to the apples (From start to finish) (Horace) [PAR] Ab ovo - From the egg [PAR] Ab urbe condita - From the foundation of the city. [PAR] Ab/Ex uno disce omnes - From one person, learn all people [PAR] Abeunt studia in mores - Pursuits become habits [PAR] Abi in pace - Depart in peace [PAR] Abiit nemine salutato - He went away without bidding anyone farewell [PAR] Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit - He has left, absconded, escaped and disappeared [PAR] Abite nummi, ego vos mergam, ne mergar a vobis - Away with you, money, I will sink you that I may not be sunk by you [PAR] Abnormis sapiens - Wise without instruction (Horace) [PAR] Absente reo - In absence of the defendant [PAR] Absit invidia - No offence intended [PAR] Absit omen -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Good Will Hunting (1997) - IMDb Good Will Hunting (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Doctor Strange Confirmed to Appear in \u2018Thor: Ragnarok\u2019 [PAR] 20 hours ago [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Will Hunting, a janitor at M.I.T., has a gift for mathematics, but needs help from a psychologist to find direction in his life. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 30 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 16 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 25 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: Good Will Hunting (1997) [PAR] 8.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 20 wins & 53 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After John Nash , a brilliant but asocial mathematician, accepts secret work in cryptography, his life takes a turn for the nightmarish. [PAR] Director: Ron Howard [PAR] The true story of Frank Abagnale Jr. who, before his 19th birthday, successfully conned millions of dollars' worth of checks as a Pan Am pilot, doctor, and legal prosecutor. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] Following the Normandy Landings, a group of U.S. soldiers go behind enemy lines to retrieve a paratrooper whose brothers have been killed in action. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] Disgruntled Korean War veteran Walt Kowalski sets out to reform his neighbor, a Hmong teenager who tried to steal Kowalski's prized possession: a 1972 Gran Torino. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. [PAR] Director: Frank Darabont [PAR] Two imprisoned men bond over a number of years, finding solace and eventual redemption through acts of common decency. [PAR] Director: Frank Darabont [PAR] When his secret bride is executed for assaulting an English soldier who tried to rape her, William Wallace begins a revolt against King Edward I of England. [PAR] Director: Mel Gibson [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. [PAR] Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth [PAR] Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth [PAR] An insurance salesman/adjuster discovers his entire life is actually a television show. [PAR] Director: Peter Weir [PAR] A boy who communicates with spirits that don't know they're dead seeks the help of a disheartened child psychologist. [PAR] Director: M. Night Shyamalan [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A touching tale of a wayward young man who struggles to find his identity, living in a world where he can solve any problem, except the one brewing deep"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Poll of the Year 2012 - UKGameshows Poll of the Year 2012 - UKGameshows [PAR] Poll of the Year 2012 [PAR] Unbelieveably despite wind, rain and financial crashes the world did not end in 2012. But something the Mayans did predict correctly is that once again UKGameshows.com and Bother's Bar would be doing another of its polls of the year just gone. What new shows did you like? Which ones weren't you so fond of? We wanted to know. [PAR] And here are your results! [PAR] The voting system was slightly different to how it has been in the past, whereas you used to devote up to three votes on a single show, this year you were limited to two. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 6 Phew, what a poll [PAR] Hall of FAME 2012 [PAR] In a record year for the amount of ballots recieved, it's also a record year for the amount of votes that were left blank. [PAR] Still vote you did, and 34 different shows were voted in total. The ones you liked the most were: [PAR] 5: 1001 Things You Should Know [PAR] Well it's no Sandwich Quiz, but Sandi Toksvig's late in the year afternoon quiz sounds like it's been a quiet success. It's certainly one of the first shows we can think of where tactics in category selection can have proper consequences. You said: [PAR] \"A bit of a 'quiz for thickies' but it does a lot more right than it does wrong.\" [PAR] \"Another quirky little quizzer from Channel 4. The game is simple to follow, just answer questions that you should know the answers to on a wide range of categories. The set is very well-designed, Sandi Toksvig makes for a decent host and the questions are of a nice steady difficulty, of which you get 26 of them to answer in every episode (the 24 questions behind the 12 categories, the viewer question in the break and the Cashpot question at the end).\" [PAR] \"Sandi Toksvig saves this from languishing in obscurity, but it's got good strategic play in it for such a simple game.\" [PAR] \"Proof that sometimes a simple premise is the best one. Also, proof that hosts don't have to be dicks to be entertaining.\" [PAR] 4: Cleverdicks [PAR] It's unusual to see highbrow quizzes played for reasonable cash sums but Sky had a very reasonable stab with this and the quizzing fraternity have voted in their droves. However it looks like Sky weren't quite sure with what to do with it and it doesn't look like coming back. The stunt host casting didn't help. You said: [PAR] \"Another sound game, tough questions which we like to see, though perhaps not the best choice of host and definitely not the best choice of channel.\" [PAR] \"A quiz where you can win up to five points by identifying the link between clues revealed one at a time - who'd have thought it??? The questions didn't have the same 'workoutability' factor that Only Connect does, which was its Achilles heel, but it was still refreshing to see a satellite channel give something like this a go.\" [PAR] \" Mastermind updated, i would argue that any given heat had a quality of players that Mastermind could only dream of.\" [PAR] \"Yeah yeah, Anne Widdecombe wasn't the best host, and it aired on a channel with an average viewership of twelve people and two cows. Still, a tough quizzer with its own style will always get my respect. I was very happy when they reran the series on Challenge so I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emanuel Leutze's Symbolic Scene of Washington Crossing the Emanuel Leutze\u2019s Symbolic Scene of Washington Crossing the Delaware | EDSITEment [PAR] Emanuel Leutze\u2019s Symbolic Scene of Washington Crossing the Delaware [PAR] The Boat | The Hero & The Men | The Flag & The River | Weather & Background | Trenton & Composition | Picturing America & Student Interactive | Featured Lessons | About the Image [PAR] NEW! Metropolitan Museum of Art Podcast [PAR] This December, EDSITEment is enhancing this feature with Metropolitan Museum of Art, (New York) Curator Carrie Rebora Barratt's podcast narration of one of the great icons of American painting. [PAR] Brrrrr!!! What a way to spend the holidays! On Christmas Night, December 25, 1776, George Washington led Continental army soldiers across the Delaware River to attack Britain\u2019s Hessian army at Trenton, New Jersey. This successful surprise attack provided a much-needed victory for Britain\u2019s former colonies as they struggled for freedom. [PAR] At the mention of this event, most Americans picture a heroic George Washington standing in a small boat. That\u2019s how Emanuel Leutze pictured it in his huge painting that has been reproduced in history textbooks and hung in American classrooms for the past 150 years. [PAR] But there are a lot of surprises about this most famous icon of American history. First a German artist painted it in response to German politics. Emanuel Leutze, born in Germany in 1816, moved to America as a child, but returned to Germany to study art in 1840. With a strong belief in liberal democracy, he painted this American Revolution scene to inspire German reformers. When his first painting of Washington\u2019s crossing became popular in Europe, he shipped this second huge version to the United States in 1851. It became an instant success with more than fifty thousand people coming to see it. Today it is owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. [PAR] But is it accurate? Is this really how it happened? Yes, and no. Leutze got the spirit of \u201976 right and that was his main purpose. He created an inspirational vision of brave and upright men from a variety of backgrounds standing up and fighting together against incredible odds for the common cause of liberty. However, the details of the scene are more symbolic than accurate. Leutze exercised his artistic license to create a powerful composition. [PAR] The Boat [PAR] The boat in the painting is much smaller than the Durham boats that Washington had requested to ferry his army back and forth across the Delaware. If he had stood in a boat this small, he probably would have tipped it over. Leutze made it small to emphasize the almost life-size figures. The boat represents the revolutionary cause, carrying and uniting the men towards a common goal of liberty. [PAR] The Hero [PAR] George Washington, the commanding general, seems much older in this painting than others of him that were painted from life not too long after the Revolution. (See Charles Wilson Peale\u2019s portrait of Washington at Princeton .) Wearing his Continental army uniform, tricorne hat, boots, and a red-lined cape, he holds a brass telescope symbolizing his visionary leadership. His prominent saber suggests that he is a powerful warrior. Standing on one leg, he is one of the few objects in the painting that is not moving. He looks forward to the New Jersey shore and the upcoming battle. (There is a useful discussion of his strategy on the eve of the battle in section three \u201c George Washington as Military Leader \u201d from the PBS website Rediscovering George Washington .) [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blott On The Landscape - BBC2 Comedy Drama - British ... Blott On The Landscape - BBC2 Comedy Drama - British Comedy Guide [PAR] Blott On The Landscape [PAR] Blott On The Landscape [PAR] Like this show [PAR] BBC Two comedy drama. 6 episodes (1 series) in 1985. Stars George Cole , Geraldine James , David Suchet , Julia McKenzie and Simon Cadell . [PAR] Blott On The Landscape [PAR] Blott On The Landscape [PAR] A land-owning MP attempts to have a motorway built through the grounds of his wife's ancestral home [PAR] Genre [PAR] Evgeny Gridneff [PAR] An adaptation of Tom Sharpe's comic novel. When Lady Maud decides to start divorce proceedings her husband, Sir Giles, comes up with a cunning idea - why not run a new road through their property, thereby destroying Lady Maud's ancestral home and getting a large sum of compensation from the government! [PAR] But Sir Giles hasn't counted on his wife's capacity to incite the gentle folk of Worford to riot, nor the abilities of Blott, the gardener and mystery man in the equation...[DOC] [TLE] Blott on the Landscape (1985 BBC Comedy) (download torrent ... Blott on the Landscape (1985 BBC Comedy) (download torrent) - TPB [PAR] Get this torrent [PAR] (Problems with magnets links are fixed by upgrading your torrent client !) [PAR] Blott on the Landscape Typical Episode notes Video Codec..........: XviD 1.0.3 Video Bitrate........: 1253kbps Duration.............: 49:51.400 Resolution...........: 640*480 Framerate............: 25.000 Audio Codec..........: 0x0055 MPEG-1 Layer 3 Audio Bitrate........: 128 kbps CBR Audio Channels.......: 2 Filesize.............: 520,222,720 NOTE - Another theft from thebox dot bz, home of all things British http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088487/ http://bayimg.com/DajObAAdk http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blott_on_the_Landscape The story revolves around the proposed construction of a motorway (M101 in the book and the M399 in the film) through Cleene Gorge in rural South Worfordshire (a fictional gorge in a fictional English county). At one end of the gorge is Handyman Hall, home to politician Sir Giles Lynchwood and his wife Lady Maud Lynchwood. Sir Giles is secretly in favour of ensuring the motorway passes through the Cleene Gorge as it will mean he will be paid the compensation for the destruction of Handyman Hall, which is under a covenant preventing its sale. While superficially pretending to be supportive he takes steps to undermine the inquiry and prevent alternatives being adopted, to ensure the new road travels through the Gorge. By contrast, Lady Maud's family has lived in the gorge for over 500 years, and she is fiercely defensive of her heritage and expects Giles to support her. Matters are further complicated by their on-going marital problems, including Sir Giles's fetishist infidelity and Lady Maud's wish for children to continue her line (to which Sir Giles is opposed), and the actions of Maud's gardener, Blott, a former German prisoner of war (it is a common misconception that Blott is Italian, however he was brought up in a Dresden Orphanage (where he learnt his skill in impersonation), he does not know his parents (whom he believes might be Jewish) and served in the German Army. However the Army got fed up with Blott and so the High Command decided to get rid of him by assigning him to an Italian bomber on a raid to England. Blott, who served as navigator (and who wasn't very good at it), got completely lost and was forced to bale out, whereupon he was captured, and he is strongly patriotic towards his new home nation and home. Maud's and Giles's marriage settlement leaves Giles with Handyman Hall in the event of a no-fault divorce but not in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roxanne (1987) Full Movie Online - movienightseries.com Roxanne (1987) Full Movie Online - movienightseries.com [PAR] movienightseries.com [PAR] Columbia Pictures, IndieProd Company Productions, L.A. Films [PAR] Popularity [PAR] : [PAR] Plot [PAR] Based on the play \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", large nosed C.D. Bales falls for the beautiful Roxanne while she falls for his personality but another man's looks. [PAR] As Camera / Director of Photography [PAR] Name : John Scott [PAR] As Sound / Original Music Composer [PAR] Name : Steve Martin [PAR] Boys and Girls Boys and Girls 5.3 / 10 by 55 users [PAR] POPULAR MOVIES [PAR] 6.3 / 10 by 2530 users [PAR] incoming search terms [PAR] film Roxanne download, streaming Roxanne, Roxanne film trailer, download Roxanne movie, film Roxanne trailer, movie Roxanne trailer, watch Roxanne film now, live streaming movie Roxanne online, download film Roxanne now, live streaming film Roxanne online, watch full film Roxanne online, streaming film Roxanne, film Roxanne online, live streaming film Roxanne, watch full movie Roxanne online, film Roxanne streaming, Roxanne movie trailer, watch Roxanne movie online now, watch movie Roxanne now, movie Roxanne streaming, watch full Roxanne movie online [PAR] GENRE[DOC] [TLE] Roxanne (1987) Full Movie Online - crystalrivermovie.com Roxanne (1987) Full Movie Online - crystalrivermovie.com [PAR] crystalrivermovie.com [PAR] Columbia Pictures, IndieProd Company Productions, L.A. Films [PAR] Popularity [PAR] : [PAR] Plot [PAR] Based on the play \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", large nosed C.D. Bales falls for the beautiful Roxanne while she falls for his personality but another man's looks. [PAR] As Camera / Director of Photography [PAR] Name : John Scott [PAR] As Sound / Original Music Composer [PAR] Name : Steve Martin [PAR] Love in the Time of Cholera Love in the Time of Cholera 6.6 / 10 by 40 users [PAR] POPULAR MOVIES [PAR] 7.7 / 10 by 7471 users [PAR] incoming search terms [PAR] streaming Roxanne film, download full film Roxanne, movie Roxanne, Roxanne movie trailer, live streaming film Roxanne online, film Roxanne, film Roxanne online streaming, download full movie Roxanne, Roxanne movie, download film Roxanne now, watch full movie Roxanne, Roxanne film download, film Roxanne streaming, movie Roxanne download, watch Roxanne film now, watch full film Roxanne online, watch full Roxanne movie online, download movie Roxanne, film Roxanne download, live streaming movie Roxanne online, watch full Roxanne movie [PAR] GENRE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Northern Cape province, South Africa Northern Cape province, South Africa [PAR] Northern Cape province, South Africa [PAR] Northern Cape province, South Africa [PAR] 10 Mar 2011 [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] The vast and arid Northern Cape is by far the largest province, slightly bigger than Germany and taking up nearly a third of South Africa\u2019s land area. Yet it has the country\u2019s smallest population, a little over 1-million people, and an extremely roomy population density of three people per square kilometre. [PAR] The province lies to the south of its most important asset, the mighty Orange River, which feeds the agriculture and alluvial diamonds industries. The river forms the border with the country of Namibia in the north, while the Molopo River is at the border with Botswana to the northeast. [PAR] The Northern Cape landscape is characterised by vast arid plains with outcroppings of haphazard rock piles. The cold Atlantic Ocean forms its western boundary. [PAR] The capital is Kimberley, abutting the Free State on the Northern Cape\u2019s eastern border. Other important towns are Upington, centre of the karakul sheep and dried fruit industries, and the most northerly wine-making region of South Africa; Springbok, in the heart of the Namaqualand spring flower country; Kuruman, founded by the Scottish missionary Robert Moffat; and De Aar, hub of the South African railway network. [PAR] The Northern Cape is home to the world\u2019s largest telescope, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), the greatest portion of which is currently being built at Carnarvon. Sutherland is the site of the southern hemisphere\u2019s largest astronomical observatory, the multinational-sponsored Southern African Large Telescope, or SALT. [PAR] Languages: 53.8% Afrikaans, 33.1% Setswana [PAR] Population: 1 145 861 (2011) [PAR] Share of South Africa\u2019s population: 2.2% [PAR] Area: 372 889 square kilometres [PAR] Share of South Africa\u2019s total land area: 30.5% [PAR] The land and its people [PAR] With a total area of 372 889 square kilometres, the Northern Cape is takes up 30.5% of South Africa\u2019s land area, with a population of 1.15-million people. [PAR] Just over half of the population speak Afrikaans, with other languages being Setswana, isiXhosa and English. [PAR] The last remaining true San Bushman people live in the Kalahari area of the Northern Cape. The area, especially along the Orange and Vaal rivers, is rich in San rock engravings. A good collection can be seen at the McGregor Museum in Kimberley. The province is also rich in fossils. [PAR] Apart from a narrow strip of winter rainfall area along the coast, the province is a semi- arid region with little rainfall in summer. The weather conditions are extreme \u2013 cold and frosty in winter, with extremely high temperatures in summer. [PAR] The largest part of the province falls within the Nama-Karoo biome, with a vegetation of low shrubland and grass, and trees limited to water courses. [PAR] The area is known worldwide its spectacular annual explosion of spring flowers which, for a short period every year, attracts thousands of tourists. This biome contains a number of fascinating plants, including the elephant\u2019s trunk (halfmens or \u201chalf-man\u201d), tree aloe (kokerboom) and a variety of succulents. [PAR] The province has a wealth of national parks and conservation areas. The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Africa\u2019s first cross-border game park, joins South Africa\u2019s Kalahari Gemsbok National Park to the Gemsbok National Park in Botswana. It is one of the largest conservation areas in southern Africa, and one of the largest remaining protected natural ecosystems in the world. The park provides unfenced access to a variety of game between South Africa and Botswana, over its land area of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Underworld Rivers - Spiffy Entertainment The Underworld Rivers [PAR] The Underworld Rivers [PAR] In Greek mythology, the underworld was seperated from the land of the living in most part by five primary rivers. They were Acheron, Cocytus, Phlegethon, Lethe, and Styx. Each of them served their own purpose. [PAR] Acheron - The word Acheron itself means the \"river of woe\". A fitting name indeed for this river. This is the river that the old ferryman Charon ferried the dead across from the land of the living to the realm of Hades. [PAR] Cocytus - The word Cocytus means \"river of lamentation\". Those who died and were not properly buried were stuck walking about the banks of this river for most of their afterlife. [PAR] Phlegethon - This was the river of fire in Hades. It's said that while the fire burned, it did not consume anything within it's flames. [PAR] Lethe - The word Lethe means \"forgetfulness\". This is the river where the dead had to drink from to completely forget about their lives on Earth. [PAR] Styx - Probably the most famous of the five lakes. The word Styx means \"hate\". This is the actual river that seperates the land of the living from the realm of the dead. Many accounts say that it wraps around Hades nine times. The river was also a sacred place to both gods and men. Those who broke any oath made upon the river Styx, were made to drink from it by Zeus. By doing this, it made the drinker lose their voice for long period of time. [PAR] Where would you like to go from here?[DOC] [TLE] Rivers of the Greek Underworld - About.com Education Rivers of the Underworld [PAR] Zeus made Styx the goddess by whom the most solemn oaths were sworn. Styx is the nymph of the Underworld River Styx. More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] 2. Lethe [PAR] Lethe is the Underworld river of oblivion . The dead would drink the waters of Lethe to forget their earthly existence. [PAR] 3. Acheron [PAR] In Greek mythology , the Acheron is one of the five Underworld rivers and is sometimes called a lake. The Acheron is the River of Woe . The ferryman Charon was at one time thought to ferry the dead across the Acheron, which separated the lower world from the upper. [PAR] 4. Phlegethon [PAR] Phlegethon is a river of the Underworld. The Phlegethon and Pyriphlegethon are rivers of fire, which join up with the Acheron. [PAR] 5. Cocytus [PAR] The Cocytus is one of the Underworld rivers in Greek mythology. The Cocytus is the river of cries or lamentation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cobblers Cove Hotel, Barbados | Prestige World Luxury Boutique Hotel Barbados [PAR] Cobblers Cove [PAR] One of the original hotels on the island never fails to please our Uk clients old and young. The hotels English Elegance and Caribbean character make it the place to be on the famous West Coast of this charming island and has been privately owned by the Godsal family since 1968 [PAR] Just 40 well appointed spacious suites ensure excellent service levels from a well established staff and experienced manager Will Oakley ensures the demanding standards of being a Relais and Chateaux member are met and exceeded on a daily basis. A true foodi, Will was a judge for The Great Taste Awards and ran the Cadogan Hotel in London for 3 years. [PAR] With amazing beach and beachfront pool the amazing gardens which contain a mix of vibrant colours and exotic fragrances with lily\u2019s, hibiscus, bougainvillea and trailing orchids create the perfect escape for all. [PAR] Amentities & Facilities [PAR] ACCOMMODATION [PAR] A choice of three categories of 1 bedroom suites from Garden to Ocean View to Ocean Front these beautifully appointed and individually designed spacious accommodations ensure all the comforts one would expect from a hotel that ensures colonial style meets gracious Caribbean living [PAR] All are 560 square feet and open up to private terraces or balconies. There is a double vanity in a marble finished bathroom. Bedrooms are air conditioned and fans cool the living areas. [PAR] King size or twin beds available, Robes and slippers, English toiletries from REN, Hairdryer [PAR] Separate living room area with sofa, Ceiling fan, A selection of books, extra beds for children [PAR] In-suite safe, Twice daily maid service, Daily laundry service, Iron and ironing board [PAR] Direct dial telephone (no charge for local calls) [PAR] Complimentary WiFi [PAR] Breakfast area with tea and coffee making facilities [PAR] Fully stocked mini bar [PAR] Room service [PAR] The Camelot and Collection suites are located on the top floor and each are designed for the ultimate in privacy with their own pool, roof deck and bar. Furnishings are exquisite and perfect for 2 people to spend the first weeks together as a couple. [PAR] [PAR] ACTIVITIES [PAR] Cobblers Cove is set on a private beach considered one of the finest on the island. It overlooks very calm water making it perfect for young and old to try their hand at the variety of water sports on offer with a complimentary lesson for water skiing, sailing and windsurfing daily. [PAR] Activities include:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CanadaInfo: Government: Federal: Prime Minister: Former ... CanadaInfo: Government: Federal: Prime Minister: Former Prime Ministers: Trudeau [PAR] Appointed Jeanne Sauve Canada's first woman Govenor General 1984 [PAR] Descriptive Biography [PAR] Pierre Trudeau held his philosophy of one Canada and a strong federal government before he became prime minister and he maintained it throughout his political career. His response to the FLQ Crisis, his rejection of the Quebec separatist movement, as well as his patriation of the Constitution and promotion of official bilingualism are all manifestations of this belief. [PAR] Pierre Elliott Trudeau was born in Montreal in 1919, his father was Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, his mother of Scottish descent. He went to a local school, Acad\u00e9mie Querbes, and then to the Jesuit college, Jean de Br\u00e9beuf. In spite of the Depression, Trudeau's father had become a wealthy man in the 1930s and the family toured Canada and Europe frequently. In 1940, Trudeau began studying law at the University of Montreal. As a student, he was required to join the Canadian Officers Training Corps during the war, but like many Quebeckers, Trudeau was opposed to conscription. [PAR] After graduating in 1943, he passed his bar exams, and then enrolled in a Master's program at Harvard. In 1946, he went to Paris to study at the \u00c9cole des sciences politiques, and then at the London School of Economics in Britain. By 1948, Trudeau was on a backpacking tour of Eastern Europe, the Middle and Far East, areas of considerable turbulence in the post-war world. After many adventures, he arrived back in Canada the following year. [PAR] Trudeau worked in Ottawa as advisor to the Privy Council before returning to Montreal. He began supporting labour unions, especially during in the Asbestos Strike, and criticized the repression of the Union Nationale under Premier Duplessis. With other outspoken intellectuals, Trudeau started the journal Cit\u00e9 Libre as a forum for their ideas. In 1961, he began teaching law at the University of Montreal. [PAR] In 1965, the Liberal party was looking for potential candidates in Quebec, Trudeau and two of his colleagues, Jean Marchand and G\u00e9rard Pelletier were invited to run for the party in the federal election that year. They won their seats, and in April 1967, Trudeau became Minister of Justice. Within a year, he had reformed the divorce laws and liberalized the laws on abortion and homosexuality. [PAR] When Lester Pearson resigned as prime minister in 1968, Trudeau was invited to run as a candidate. He won the Liberal leadership convention and called an election immediately after. Capitalizing on his extraordinary popular appeal, labelled \"Trudeaumania\" by the press, he won a majority government in the June election. One of the most important bills passed by his government was the Official Languages Act, guaranteeing bilingualism in the civil service. [PAR] A serious threat to national security occurred in 1970, when the terrorist group, Front de lib\u00e9ration du Quebec, kidnapped a British diplomat. Upon the request of Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa, Trudeau imposed the War Measures Act. The situation was quickly resolved and the terrorists apprehended, but not before Quebec Cabinet Minister Pierre Laporte was murdered and hundreds of people arrested and held without charges. [PAR] In 1972, the Liberals were returned with a minority government, but regained a majority in 1974. This decade experienced a period of high inflation, which Trudeau's government attempted to contain with wage and price controls. These economic difficulties and a sense of alienation in Western Canada led to the defeat of the Liberals in 1979. Deciding not to serve as leader of the Opposition, Trudeau announced his resignation from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beyonce Surprises With New Album Release - Rolling Stone Beyonce Surprises With New Album Release - Rolling Stone [PAR] Beyonce Surprises With New Album Release [PAR] Beyonce Surprises With New Album Release [PAR] Singer's latest, 'Beyonce,' features 14 songs and 17 videos [PAR] Beyonce performs in Los Angeles. Credit: Larry Busacca/PW/WireImage for Parkwood Entertainment [PAR] Well that was unexpected: Beyonc\u00e9 released a new album at midnight without warning, delivering 14 new songs and 17 videos as part of what she's calling her first \"visual album.\" [PAR] More News [PAR] 'Beyonce' Breakdown: the ultimate guide to Bey's surprise new album [PAR] Beyonc\u00e9 features collaborations with Jay Z on \"Drunk in Love,\" Drake on \"Mine\" and Frank Ocean on \"Superpower,\" along with vocals from Blue Ivy, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z's nearly two-year-old daughter, on \"Blue.\" The-Dream, Ryan Tedder, Pharrell Williams, Boots and Drake and Noah '40' Shebib contributed songwriting. The videos were shot in cities around the world, including New York; Paris; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sydney, Australia; and Houston. [PAR] \"I see music,\" Beyonc\u00e9 said in a press release, explaining the idea behind a visual album. \"It's more than just what I hear. When I'm connected to something, I immediately see a visual or a series of images that are tied to a feeling or an emotion, a memory from my childhood, thoughts about life, my dreams or my fantasies. And they're all connected to the music.\" [PAR] Although Beyonc\u00e9 is not a concept album, the press release says it is \"designed to be consumed as a comprehensive audio/visual piece from top to bottom. The antithesis of making singles, the visual album is a non-linear journey through the thoughts and visions of Beyonc\u00e9.\" [PAR] \"I didn't want to release my music the way I've done it,\" Beyonc\u00e9 said. \"I am bored with that. I feel like I am able to speak directly to my fans. There's so much that gets between the music, the artist and the fans. I felt like I didn't want anybody to give the message when my record is coming out. I just want this to come out when it's ready and from me to my fans.\" [PAR] There's been plenty of speculation about when the singer might be ready with a new project \u2013 just this week, Columbia Records chairman Rob Stringer said Beyonc\u00e9 would put out a record \"at some point.\" He added, \"When she does, it will be monumental.\" [PAR] Beyonc\u00e9 released occasional songs and videos throughout 2013, posting \"Bow Down/I Been On\" in March, teasing \"Grown Woman\" in a soft-drink ad and \"Standing on the Sun\" in a spot for a clothing retailer in April and, last month, streaming \"God Made You Beautiful,\" from her Life Is but a Dream documentary. None of those songs are on Beyonc\u00e9, which is available now through iTunes , and will be available in physical formats in time for Christmas. [PAR] Don\u2019t Miss a Story [PAR] Sign up for our newsletter to receive breaking news directly in your inbox. [PAR] We may use your e-mail address to send you the newsletter and offers that may interest you, on behalf of Rolling Stone and its partners. For more information please read our Privacy Policy [PAR] How we use your email address [PAR] Trending [PAR] Ranked on a scale from 1 to 10, the trending score reflects the number of users reading a story in real time. [PAR] What is this?[DOC] [TLE] Beyonce 2011 New Album, Top Songs, Biography and Facebook ... News Around: Beyonce 2011 New Album, Top Songs, Biography and Facebook Profile [PAR] Powered by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Omega Speedmaster Chronograph Watches - Bernard Watch Model # List [PAR] About Speedmaster [PAR] While the original 1957 Omega Speedmaster was produced as a sports and racing chronograph, the line is better known as the first watch on the moon. The Speedmaster Professional, also known as the \"Moonwatch\" model after its Apollo 11 debut, is one of the longest-produced models from Omega, and remains the only watch qualified by NASA for use during extravehicular activity. While the newer Speedmaster Co-Axial Chronograph comes in the line's standard stainless steel, Omega has produced versions in platinum and 18 karat orange gold, which are powered by the Co-Axial calibre 9301 that includes an 18 karat red gold rotor and balance bridge. Other changes to the newer model include two sub-dials instead of three, a slimmer body design, and a non-magnetic silicon balance spring."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ben AINSLIE - Olympic Sailing | Great Britain Ben AINSLIE - Olympic Sailing | Great Britain [PAR] Ben AINSLIE [PAR] Games Attended 1996 , 2000 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 [PAR] Commander of the seas [PAR] Sir Charles Benedict Ainslie is the most decorated sailor in Olympic history, with four gold medals and one silver from five editions of the Games. In 2013, he received a knighthood from the Queen for services to sport. [PAR] Making waves [PAR] From the tender age of eight, Ben Ainslie showed a natural aptitude as a sailor, spending much of his childhood out on a boat with his parents in his native Cornwall, in the south west of England. It wasn\u2019t long before he was competing, and in 1993, aged just 16, he claimed the first of his 11 world titles, in the Laser Class. Three years later he made his maiden Olympic appearance at Atlanta 1996, taking the Laser silver medal. At Sydney 2000, Ainslie went one better, securing the first of his Olympic golds, before deciding to switch to Finn Class, which meant he had to put on an extra 18kg to reach the ideal weight in the single-handed dinghy. It was in this class that the British sailor would dominate at the next three editions of the Games, first at Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre at Athens 2004, then in Beijing\u2019s Quingdao Bay in 2008, and finally, on home waters off the coast of Weymouth in 2012, where he claimed his fourth gold medal. [PAR] Man of records [PAR] With four golds and one silver, Ben Ainslie is the most successful Olympian in his sport. He is also, with Brazilian duo Robert Scheidt and Torben Grael, one of just three sailors to win medals at five successive Olympic Games. But the superlatives do not end there. His 11 world titles, won in the Laser between 1993 and 1999, and then in Finn from 2002 to 2012 also represent an achievement that has never been equalled. [PAR] Honoured champion [PAR] When the Olympic torch arrived on British soil on 19 May 2012 ahead of the London Games, Ainslie was, fittingly, asked to be the first bearer, and he was also chosen to be the flag-bearer for the GB delegation at the Closing Ceremony. In 2009 he was made a Commander of the British Empire (CBE), and then, after winning his fourth Olympic gold in London, he received a knighthood in 2013. He has donated the boats in which he won each of his Olympic titles to the National Maritime Museum in Cornwall, where they can be admired by the general public. He is now focusing on a new challenge: winning the America\u2019s Cup, the oldest trophy in sport. During the first ever edition of that illustrious race in 1851, Queen Victoria allegedly asked one of her attendants who was in second place; she was told: \u201cYour Majesty, there is no second.\u201d That could have been a motto penned specially for Ainslie. [PAR] single-handed dinghy open (Laser) mixed [PAR] In the news"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 9 Famous Art Forgers | Art World Intrigue & Culture 9 Famous Art Forgers | Art World Intrigue & Culture [PAR] 9 Famous Art Forgers [PAR] April 9, 2012 08:02am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Credit: Dottie Stover, University of Cincinnati [PAR] Forgery Artists [PAR] \"To trick the art world has been the primary motivation of nearly all of history's known forgers,\" writes Noah Charney, a professor and author who specializes in art history and crime, in text for an exhibit focused on one such forger who appears to break this rule. [PAR] The subject of a University of Cincinnati exhibit, Mark Landis , is unusual in this regard. Landis says he was first motivated to donate a fake drawing to a museum by a desire to please his mother and honor his father, then became addicted to the VIP treatment he received from museum staff. \"Landis is more of a footnote to the history of art forgery, warranting his own chapter, rather than part of the larger continuum of famous forgers who work for revenge and money,\" Charney writes. [PAR] Here's a look at some of the most intriguing art forgers, including Landis. (Above, on the right, a copy Landis created of a watercolor by the French painter Paul Signac, using an image from a catalogue on the left.) [PAR] 2 of 11 [PAR] Credit: Dottie Stover, University of Cincinnati [PAR] Mark Landis (b. 1955) [PAR] Mark Landis is believed to have presented more than 100 forged works of art to museums across 20 U.S. states. To make these donations seem authentic, Landis used aliases and even dressed as a Jesuit priest. He says he was first motivated by a desire to please his mother and honor his father, then became addicted to the VIP treatment he received from museum staff. He never received money or tax benefits. The work above is a copy Landis made of one of Picasso's paintings, based on the image in the catalog to the left, and donated to a museum in Florida. [PAR] 3 of 11 [PAR] Credit: Georgios Kollidas | Shutterstock [PAR] Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475-1564) [PAR] Yes, this is the Michelangelo of the Sistine Chapel. He began his sculpting career by passing off his early marble sculpture, Sleeping Eros as an ancient Roman statue in order to fetch a much better price. With help from a dealer, Michelangelo damaged and buried the sculpture in the dealer's yard, in order to \"discover\" it as an ancient sculpture, according to Charney. [PAR] 4 of 11 [PAR] Icilio Federico Joni (1866-1946) [PAR] Joni spent many years as a successful art forger, fooling the art historian Bernard Berenson. When Berenson realized he had purchased fakes, he traveled to Italy to meet Joni, expressing his admiration. It is said that Berenson sold several of Joni's works as originals afterward, while keeping a few of the pieces in his collection as reminders. In 1936, Joni published a memoir titled \"Affairs of a Painter,\" in spite of antique dealers' attempts to bribe him into not to publishing, according to Charney. [PAR] 5 of 11 [PAR] Credit: Public Domain [PAR] William Sykes (18th century) [PAR] Forgery isn't just about making a convincing copy. During the 18th century, William Sykes convinced the Duke of Devonshire that an anonymous painting of an unidentified saint was actually a portrait by Jan van Eyck, whose works claimed the highest prices at auction of any artist at the time, according to Charney. [PAR] (Shown here, a 1434 van Eyck painting called \"Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele,\" a renowned example of Oriental"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monrovia | national capital, Liberia | Britannica.com Monrovia | national capital, Liberia | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, Liberia [PAR] Tubmanburg [PAR] Monrovia, capital, largest city, and chief Atlantic port of Liberia , located on Bushrod Island and Cape Mesurado. It was founded during the administration of U.S. President James Monroe (for whom it was named) by the American Colonization Society as a settlement for freed American slaves. The first town (1822) was on Providence Island at the mouth of the Mesurado River. The population is composed of descendants of settlers from North America , most of whom arrived between 1830 and 1871, and of substantial numbers of immigrants from the interior. [PAR] The Temple of Justice in Monrovia, Liberia [PAR] Carol Goldstein\u2014Keystone/FPG [PAR] Bushrod Island contains the artificial harbour and free port of Monrovia, the only such port in West Africa . As the national centre of commerce and transportation, it attracted petroleum , paint, tuna, pharmaceutical, and cement enterprises. Prominent buildings have included the Capitol (1958), the Executive Mansion (1964), the City Hall, and the Temple of Justice . Many of these and other buildings, however, were severely damaged or destroyed during the fierce multisided civil war beginning in 1990. [PAR] Monrovia is the nation\u2019s educational centre, with the University of Liberia (founded by act of legislature in 1851, opened 1862, given university status 1951, established a medical school 1968), the modern Monrovia Consolidated School System complex in the Sinkor district, and several church secondary schools. Medical facilities include the John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital, a government and two church hospitals, and several private clinics. The Monrovia Conference of 1961 served to launch the Organization of African Unity in 1963 (since 2002 the African Union ). Pop. (2008) 1,021,762. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Monrovia, capital city of Liberia Monrovia, capital city of Liberia [PAR] All... [PAR] Monrovia, capital city of Liberia [PAR] Sprawled over the narrow peninsula formed by the sea and the Mesurado River, the Liberian capital of Monrovia is recovering from the violence that plagued the country in the last 20 years. Today, the city is unbendingly determined to rebuild, and the people have an unmistakable pep. More approachable than many other capitals, the city has an amenable small-town vibe and a bar and restaurant scene that is lively and friendly. [PAR] The National Museum is unfortunately only a shadow of what it used to be, but it is still worth a visit to learn more about Liberia's history, culture and people. The small and dusty exhibits include paintings, drums and masks. [PAR] Also on display at the museum is the throne once used by William Tubman at the Masonic Temple. Now ruined, the sight was once the major landmark of the capital. Today, visitors can still walk among the ruins and imagine its former glory. [PAR] Monrovia also boasts some of the best beaches in Liberia. Elwa beach is particularly pleasing, welcoming many families on the weekends with its clean sand and safe swimming area. A bit further from the city center is Thinkers beach, where seaside stalls offer cheap but refreshing food and drink and the waves are perfect for surfing. CeCe beach is also worth visiting for its palm umbrellas, well-protected swimming area and restaurants. [PAR] There are a number of small shops throughout the city. Visitors can find everything from high-end African-inspired jewelry and fine clothing to cheap electronics and traditional arts and crafts in the capital's center district. [PAR] The dining options in the city are quite decent, and a delicious meal can be had for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Claire Bloom | Biography and Filmography | 1931 Claire Bloom | Biography and Filmography | 1931 [PAR] Led the cast of \"Conversations After a Burial\", produced in London [PAR] 1998 [PAR] Portrayed a former silent movie star running a New Jersey rooming house in Laurie Weltz's \"Wrestling With Alligators\" [PAR] 1998 [PAR] Had stage triumph as Clytemnestra in a staging of Sophocles' \"Electra\", starring Zoe Wanamaker; garnered Tony nomination [PAR] 1997 [PAR] Was underutilized as the agreeably disagreeable widow Tynan in CBS' \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\" presentation \"What the Deaf Man Heard\" [PAR] 1996 [PAR] Played Mary Tyrone as an angry anything-but-a-victim in American Repertory Theatre presentation of Eugene O'Neill's \"Long Day's Journey into Night\" [PAR] 1996 [PAR] Acted the part of upper-class society doyenne Eleanor Trilling in \"Daylight\", starrring Sylvester Stallone [PAR] 1995 [PAR] Portrayed chorus role in Allen's \"Mighty Aphrodite\" [PAR] 1995 [PAR] Appeared briefly as Orlena Grimaldi on the CBS daytime drama \"As the World Turns\" [PAR] 1989 [PAR] First collaboration with Woody Allen, playing Miriam Rosenthal, wife of Judah (Martin Landau) in \"Crimes and Misdemeanors\" [PAR] 1988 [PAR] Reteamed with director Tony Richardson for CBS miniseries \"Beryl Markham: A Shadow in the Sun\" [PAR] 1985 [PAR] Co-starred in British TV production of \"Shadowlands\" (shown in USA in 1986 on PBS and again in 1989 on A&E) [PAR] 1984 [PAR] Acted in \"American Playhouse\" (PBS) adaptation of then-companion Philip Roth's \"The Ghostwriter\" [PAR] 1982 [PAR] Appeared as Lady Marchmain opposite Olivier in the British miniseries \"Brideshead Revisited\" (shown in the USA on PBS); garnered an Emmy nomination [PAR] 1981 [PAR] Played Hera to Olivier's Zeus in \"Clash of the Titans\" [PAR] 1976 [PAR] Last Broadway appearance for 22 years, \"The Innocents\", an adaptation of Henry James' \"Turn of the Screw\" directed by Harold Pinter; a scathing review by Clive Barnes doomed it to a short run of 10 days [PAR] 1974 [PAR] Acted the part of Blanche DuBois in London revival of Tennessee Williams' \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" [PAR] 1973 [PAR] Essayed the role of Nora opposite Anthony Hopkins in stagy film of Henrik Ibsen's \"A Doll's House\"; Bloom also played the role several times on stage [PAR] 1972 [PAR] Returned to Broadway as Mary, Quenn of Scots in \"Vivat! Vivat! Regina!\" [PAR] 1968 [PAR] Starred opposite husband Rod Steiger in two films, \"Three Into Two Won't Go\" and \"The Illustrated Man\" [PAR] 1968 [PAR] Portrayed sympathetic caseworker who becomes attatched to \"Charly\" (Cliff Robertson); role earned Robertson the Best Actor Oscar [PAR] 1965 [PAR] Reteamed with Burton for Martin Ritt's \"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\" [PAR] 1963 [PAR] Exhibited lesbian tendencies and an extraordinary sense of ESP in Robert Wise's \"The Haunting\" [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Co-starred with soon-to-be husband Rod Steiger in Broadway's \"Rashomon\" [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Acted opposite Burton in Tony Richardson's film version of \"Look Back in Anger\" [PAR] 1956 [PAR] American TV debut, Roxanne opposite Jose Ferrer's \"Cyrano de Bergerac\" for \"Producers Showcase\" (NBC) [PAR] 1956 [PAR] Broadway debut, \"Romeo and Juliet\"; appeared with Old Vic Company [PAR] 1956 [PAR] First film with Burton, \"Alexander the Great\" [PAR] 1955 [PAR] Played Lady Anne to Laurence Olivier's \"Richard III\" [PAR] 1952 [PAR] Acted opposite Chaplin in \"Limelight\" [PAR] 1952 [PAR] Was member of the Old Vic Company; appeared in numerous Shakespearean roles including Juliet, Ophelia in \"Hamlet\" (opposite Richard Burton) and Cordelia in \"King Lear\" [PAR] 1950 [PAR] Performed in Peter Brook's staging of Jean Anouihl's \"Ring Around the Moon\" (also starring Scofield), which brought her to the attention of Charlie Chaplin [PAR] 1948 [PAR] Portrayed Ophelia opposite Paul"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rules for pedestrians (1 to 35) - The Highway Code ... Rules for pedestrians (1 to 35) - The Highway Code - Guidance - GOV.UK [PAR] Rules for pedestrians (1 to 35) [PAR] Rules for pedestrians (1 to 35) [PAR] The Highway Code rules for pedestrians, including general guidance, crossing the road, crossings, and situations needing extra care. [PAR] General guidance (rules 1 to 6) [PAR] Rule 1 [PAR] Pavements (including any path along the side of a road) should be used if provided. Where possible, avoid being next to the kerb with your back to the traffic. If you have to step into the road, look both ways first. Always show due care and consideration for others. [PAR] Rule 2 [PAR] If there is no pavement, keep to the right-hand side of the road so that you can see oncoming traffic. You should take extra care and [PAR] be prepared to walk in single file, especially on narrow roads or in poor light [PAR] keep close to the side of the road. [PAR] It may be safer to cross the road well before a sharp right-hand bend so that oncoming traffic has a better chance of seeing you. Cross back after the bend. [PAR] Rule 3 [PAR] Help other road users to see you. Wear or carry something light-coloured, bright or fluorescent in poor daylight conditions. When it is dark, use reflective materials (eg armbands, sashes, waistcoats, jackets, footwear), which can be seen by drivers using headlights up to three times as far away as non-reflective materials. [PAR] Rule 3: Help yourself to be seen [PAR] Rule 4 [PAR] Young children should not be out alone on the pavement or road (see Rule 7 ). When taking children out, keep between them and the traffic and hold their hands firmly. Strap very young children into push-chairs or use reins. When pushing a young child in a buggy, do not push the buggy into the road when checking to see if it is clear to cross, particularly from between parked vehicles. [PAR] Rule 5 [PAR] Organised walks. Large groups of people walking together should use a pavement if available; if one is not, they should keep to the left. Look-outs should be positioned at the front and back of the group, and they should wear fluorescent clothes in daylight and reflective clothes in the dark. At night, the look-out in front should show a white light and the one at the back a red light. People on the outside of large groups should also carry lights and wear reflective clothing. [PAR] Rule 6 [PAR] Motorways. Pedestrians MUST NOT be on motorways or slip roads except in an emergency (see Rule 271 and Rule 275 ). [PAR] Crossing the road (rules 7 to 17) [PAR] Rule 7 [PAR] The Green Cross Code. The advice given below on crossing the road is for all pedestrians. Children should be taught the Code and should not be allowed out alone until they can understand and use it properly. The age when they can do this is different for each child. Many children cannot judge how fast vehicles are going or how far away they are. Children learn by example, so parents and carers should always use the Code in full when out with their children. They are responsible for deciding at what age children can use it safely by themselves. [PAR] A First find a safe place to cross and where there is space to reach the pavement on the other side. Where there is a crossing nearby, use it. It is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Salk produces polio vaccine - PBS A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Salk produces polio vaccine [PAR] Salk produces polio vaccine [PAR] 1952 [PAR] Poliomyelitis has been around since ancient times. There is still no cure for the disease. But at the peak of its devastation in the United States, Jonas Salk introduced a way to prevent it. [PAR] This infectious viral disease attacks the nerve cells and sometimes the central nervous system, often causing muscle wasting and paralysis and even death. Since 1900 there had been cycles of epidemics, each seeming to get stronger and more disastrous. The disease, whose early symptoms are like the flu, struck mostly children, although adults, including Franklin Roosevelt, caught it too. [PAR] As a medical student and later a researcher at the University of Michigan, Salk studied viruses, such as influenza, and ways to vaccinate against them. Successful vaccines already existed for diseases such as smallpox. For each virus, a vaccine must be custom-made, but the principles are the same: if your body is exposed to a very weak or small amount of the disease virus, it will produce antibodies, chemicals to resist and kill the virus. Then when a full-strength version of the disease virus comes along, your body is prepared to fight it. [PAR] In 1947 Salk became head of the Virus Research Lab at the University of Pittsburgh. He began investigating the poliovirus. To start with, he had to sort the 125 strains of the virus. He found that they fell into three basic types and knew that a vaccine would have to include these three types to protect against all polio. One of the hardest things about working with poliovirus was manufacturing enough to experiment with\ufffdand to make vaccine production practical. [PAR] In 1948 researchers at Harvard (J.F. Enders, T.H. Weller, and F.C. Robbins) made a breakthrough with this. They found that the virus could grow on scraps of tissue, without needing an intact organism like a chick embryo. Bacteria usually contaminated the tissue, but Enders' team was now able to get penicillin -- discovered 20 years earlier by Alexander Fleming and developed in the 1940s by Ernst Chain and Howard Florey -- and prevent the bacterial growth. Now viruses like mumps or polio could be created in large quantities for study. This team won the 1954 Nobel Prize in physiology/medicine. [PAR] Now Salk could speed up his research. Using formaldehyde, he killed the polio virus but kept it intact enough to trigger the body's response. On July 2, 1952, Salk tried a refined vaccine on children who'd already had polio and recovered. After the vaccination, their antibodies increased. He then tried it on volunteers who had not had polio, including himself, his wife, and their children. The volunteers all produced antibodies, and none got sick. [PAR] In 1953 Salk reported his findings in The Journal of the American Medical Association. A nationwide testing of the vaccine was launched in April 1954 with the mass inoculation of school children. The results were amazing -- 60-70 percent prevention -- and Salk was praised to the skies. But suddenly, some 200 cases of the disease were caused by the vaccine and 11 people died. All testing was halted. It seemed that people's hopes were dashed until investigators found that the disease-causing vaccine all came from one poorly made batch at one drug company. Higher production standards were adopted and vaccinations resumed, with over 4 million given by August 1955. The impact was dramatic: In 1955 there were 28,985 cases of polio; in 1956, 14,647; in 1957, 5,894. By 1959,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II - Jun 02, 1953 - History.com Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II - Jun 02, 1953 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Author [PAR] Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On June 2, 1953, Queen Elizabeth II is formally crowned monarch of the United Kingdom in a lavish ceremony steeped in traditions that date back a millennium. A thousand dignitaries and guests attended the coronation at London\u2019s Westminster Abbey, and hundreds of millions listened on radio and for the first time watched the proceedings on live television. After the ceremony, millions of rain-drenched spectators cheered the 27-year-old queen and her husband, the 30-year-old duke of Edinburgh, as they passed along a five-mile procession route in a gilded horse-drawn carriage. [PAR] Elizabeth, born in 1926, was the first-born daughter of Prince George, the second son of King George V. Her grandfather died in 1936, and her uncle was proclaimed King Edward VIII. Later that year, however, Edward abdicated over the controversy surrounding his decision to marry Wallis Warfield Simpson, an American divorcee, and Elizabeth\u2019s father was proclaimed King George VI in his place. [PAR] During the Battle of Britain, Princess Elizabeth and her only sibling, Princess Margaret, lived away from London in the safety of the countryside, but their parents endeared themselves to their subjects by remaining in bomb-damaged Buckingham Palace throughout the German air offensive. Later in the war, Elizabeth trained as a second lieutenant in the women\u2019s services and drove and repaired military trucks. [PAR] In 1947, she married her distant cousin, Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark who renounced his titles in order to marry Elizabeth. He was made duke of Edinburgh on the eve of the wedding. The celebrations surrounding the wedding of the popular princess lifted the spirits of the people of Britain, who were enduring economic difficulties in the aftermath of World War II. Their first child, Prince Charles, was born in 1948 at Buckingham Palace. A second, Princess Anne, was born in 1950. On February 6, 1952, the royal couple were in Kenya in the midst of a goodwill tour when they learned the king had died. [PAR] Elizabeth was immediately proclaimed Britain\u2019s new monarch but remained in seclusion for the first three months of her reign as she mourned her father. During the summer of 1952, she began to perform routine duties of the sovereign, and in November she carried out her first state opening of the Parliament. On June 2, 1953, her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey. [PAR] The ceremony at Westminster was one of pomp and pageantry, and the characteristically poised Elizabeth delivered in a solemn and clear voice the coronation oath that bound her to the service of the people of Great Britain and the British Commonwealth. In the procession through the streets of London that followed, Elizabeth and her husband were joined by representatives from the more than 40 member states of the Commonwealth, including heads of state, sultans, and prime ministers. British troops like the Yeomen of the Guard were joined by a great variety of Commonwealth troops, including police from the Solomon Islands, Malaysians in white uniforms and green sarongs, Pakistanis in puggaree headdresses, Canadian Mounties, and New Zealanders and Australians in wide-brimmed hats. After the parade, Elizabeth stood with her family on the Buckingham Palace balcony and waved to the crowd as jet planes of the Royal Air Force flew across the Mall in tight formation. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay - 1953 Everest Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay - 1953 Everest [PAR] Article [PAR] Everest 1953: First Footsteps - Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay [PAR] National Geographic revisits the 1953 British summit to Everest when the first people stood atop the world's highest mountain. [PAR] View Images [PAR] Edmund Hillary (left) and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay reached the 29,035-foot summit of Everest on May 29, 1953, becoming the first people to stand atop the world's highest mountain. [PAR] Photograph by AP [PAR] Excerpted From \"50 Years on Everest,\" by Contributing Editor David Roberts, National Geographic Adventure, April 2003 [PAR] By today's standards, the 1953 British expedition, under the military-style leadership of Sir John Hunt, was massive in the extreme, but in an oddly bottom-heavy way: 350 porters, 20 Sherpas, and tons of supplies to support a vanguard of only ten climbers. \"Our climbers were all chosen as potential summiters,\" recalls George Band, 73, who was one of the party. Fifty years later, Band's memory of the campaign remains undimmed. \"The basic plan was for two summit attempts, each by a pair of climbers, with a possible third assault if necessary. On such expeditions the leader tends to designate the summit pairs quite late during the expedition, when he sees how everybody is performing.\" Anxiety over who is chosen for the summit team would be a hallmark of major Everest expeditions for decades to come. But never again would the stakes be quite so high. [PAR] By the spring of 1953, the ascent of the world's highest mountain was beginning to seem inevitable. First attempted in 1921 by the British, Everest had repulsed at least ten major expeditions and two lunatic solo attempts. With the 1950 discovery of a southern approach to the mountain in newly opened Nepal, and the first ascent of the treacherous Khumbu Icefall the following year, what would come to be known by the 1990s as the \"yellow brick road\" to the summit had been identified. [PAR] At first it seemed the Swiss would claim the prize. In 1952 a strong Swiss team that included legendary alpinist Raymond Lambert had pioneered the route up the steep Lhotse Face and reached the South Col. From that high, broad saddle, Lambert and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay then pushed all the way to 28,210 feet (8,598 meters) on the Southeast Ridge before turning back\u2014probably as high as anyone had ever stood on Earth. [PAR] Now the British were determined to bring every possible advantage to their spring 1953 offensive\u2014including hiring Tenzing, 38, as their lead Sherpa, or sirdar. Earlier British expeditions, though impressive in their accomplishments, were often charmingly informal in style. Hunt's intricately planned assault, on the other hand, was all business. \"You get there fastest with the mostest,\" observes mountaineering pundit Ken Wilson. \"You have a military leader who is totally in tune with that philosophy, and you don't dink around in an amateur sort of clubby way.\" [PAR] From the start, the 33-year-old beekeeper Edmund Hillary (not yet Sir Edmund) was a strong contender for one of the summit slots. \"It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness,\" Band says. The heavily glaciated peaks of his native New Zealand had proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. Hillary earned respect early in the expedition by leading the team that forced a route through the Khumbu Icefall. \"A sleeves-rolled-up, get-things-done man,\" Wilson calls him. [PAR] Still, logistical snafus, the failure of a number of stalwarts to acclimatize, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks | National Archives [PAR] National History Day Topic Resources [PAR] An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks [PAR] On December 1, 1955, during a typical evening rush hour in Montgomery, Alabama, a 42-year-old woman took a seat on the bus on her way home from the Montgomery Fair department store where she worked as a seamstress. Before she reached her destination, she quietly set off a social revolution when the bus driver instructed her to move back, and she refused. Rosa Parks, an African American, was arrested that day for violating a city law requiring racial segregation of public buses. [PAR] On the city buses of Montgomery, Alabama, the front 10 seats were permanently reserved for white passengers. The diagram shows that Mrs. Parks was seated in the first row behind those 10 seats. When the bus became crowded, the bus driver instructed Mrs. Parks and the other three passengers seated in that row, all African Americans, to vacate their seats for the white passengers boarding. Eventually, three of the passengers moved, while Mrs. Parks remained seated, arguing that she was not in a seat reserved for whites. James Blake, the driver, believed he had the discretion to move the line separating black and white passengers. The law was actually somewhat murky on that point, but when Mrs. Parks defied his order, he called the police. Officers Day and Mixon came and promptly arrested her. [PAR] In police custody, Mrs. Parks was booked, fingerprinted, and briefly incarcerated. The police report shows that she was charged with \"refusing to obey orders of bus driver.\" For openly challenging the racial laws of her city, she remained at great physical risk while held by the police, and her family was terrified for her. When she called home, she spoke to her mother, whose first question was \"Did they beat you?\" [PAR] Mrs. Parks was not the first person to be prosecuted for violating the segregation laws on the city buses in Montgomery. She was, however, a woman of unchallenged character who was held in high esteem by all those who knew her. At the time of her arrest, Mrs. Parks was active in the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), serving as secretary to E.D. Nixon, president of the Montgomery chapter. Her arrest became a rallying point around which the African American community organized a bus boycott in protest of the discrimination they had endured for years. Martin Luther King, Jr., the 26-year-old minister of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, emerged as a leader during the well-coordinated, peaceful boycott that lasted 381 days and captured the world's attention. It was during the boycott that Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., first achieved national fame as the public became acquainted with his powerful oratory. [PAR] After Mrs. Parks was convicted under city law, her lawyer filed a notice of appeal. While her appeal was tied up in the state court of appeals, a panel of three judges in the U.S. District Court for the region ruled in another case that racial segregation of public buses was unconstitutional. That case, called Browder v. Gayle, was decided on June 4, 1956. The ruling was made by a three-judge panel that included Frank M. Johnson, Jr., and upheld by the United States Supreme court on November 13, 1956. [PAR] For a quiet act of defiance that resonated throughout the world, Rosa Parks is known and revered as the \"Mother"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Castro sworn in - Feb 16, 1959 - HISTORY.com Castro sworn in - Feb 16, 1959 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Castro sworn in [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On February 16, 1959, Fidel Castro is sworn in as prime minister of Cuba after leading a guerrilla campaign that forced right-wing dictator Fulgencio Batista into exile. Castro, who became commander in chief of Cuba\u2019s armed forces after Batista was ousted on January 1, replaced the more moderate Miro Cardona as head of the country\u2019s new provisional government. [PAR] Castro was born in the Oriente province in eastern Cuba, the son of a Spanish immigrant who had made a fortune building rail systems to transport sugar cane. He became involved in revolutionary politics while a student and in 1947 took part in an abortive attempt by Dominican exiles and Cubans to overthrow Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo . In the next year, he took part in urban riots in Bogota, Colombia. The most outstanding feature of his politics during the period was his anti-American beliefs; he was not yet an overt Marxist. [PAR] In 1951, he ran for a seat in the Cuban House of Representatives as a member of the reformist Ortodoxo Party, but General Batista seized power in a bloodless coup d\u2019etat before the election could be held. [PAR] Various groups formed to oppose Batista\u2019s dictatorship, and on July 26, 1953, Castro led some 160 rebels in an attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba\u2013Cuba\u2019s second largest military base. Castro hoped to seize weapons and announce his revolution from the base radio station, but the barracks were heavily defended, and more than half his men were captured or killed. [PAR] Castro was himself arrested and put on trial for conspiring to overthrow the Cuban government. During his trial, he argued that he and his rebels were fighting to restore democracy to Cuba, but he was nonetheless found guilty and sentenced to 15 years in prison. [PAR] Two years later, Batista felt confident enough in his power that he granted a general amnesty for all political prisoners, including Castro. Castro then went with his brother Raul to Mexico , and they organized the revolutionary 26th of July Movement, enlisting recruits and joining up with Ernesto \u201cChe\u201d Guevara, an idealist Marxist from Argentina. [PAR] On December 2, 1956, Castro and 81 armed men landed on the Cuban coast. All of them were killed or captured except for Castro, Raul, Che, and nine others, who retreated into the Sierra Maestra mountain range to wage a guerrilla war against the Batista government. They were joined by revolutionary volunteers from all over Cuba and won a series of victories over Batista\u2019s demoralized army. Castro was supported by the peasantry, to whom he promised land reform, while Batista received aid from the United States, which bombed suspected revolutionary positions. [PAR] By mid-1958, a number of other Cuban groups were also opposing Batista, and the United States ended military aid to his regime. In December, the 26th of July forces under Che Guevara attacked the city of Santa Clara, and Batista\u2019s forces crumbled. Batista fled for the Dominican Republic on January 1, 1959. Castro, who had fewer than 1,000 men left at the time, took control of the Cuban government\u2019s 30,000-man army. The other rebel leaders lacked the popular support the young and charismatic Castro enjoyed, and on February 16 he was sworn in as prime minister. [PAR] The United States initially recognized the new Cuban dictator but withdrew its support after Castro launched a program of agrarian reform, nationalized U.S. assets on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The history of credit cards - Compare Credit Card Offers ... The history of credit cards [PAR] The history of credit cards [PAR] The history of credit cards [PAR] By Ben Woolsey and Emily Starbuck Gerson [PAR] Share this Story: [PAR] Tweet [PAR] As far back as the late 1800s, consumers and merchants exchanged goods through the concept of credit, using credit coins and charge plates as currency. It wasn't until about half a century ago that plastic payments as we know them today became a way of life. [PAR] Early beginnings [PAR] In the early 1900s, oil companies and department stories issued their own proprietary cards, according to Stan Sienkiewicz, in a paper for the Philadelphia Federal Reserve entitled \" Credit Cards and Payment Efficiency .\" Such cards were accepted only at the business that issued the card and in limited locations. While modern credit cards are mainly used for convenience, these predecessor cards were developed as a means of creating customer loyalty and improving customer service, Sienkiewicz says. [PAR] The first bank card, named \"Charg-It,\" was introduced in 1946 by John Biggins, a banker in Brooklyn, according to MasterCard . When a customer used it for a purchase, the bill was forwarded to Biggins' bank. The bank reimbursed the merchant and obtained payment from the customer. The catches: Purchases could only be made locally, and Charg-It cardholders had to have an account at Biggins' bank. In 1951, the first bank credit card appeared in New York's Franklin National Bank for loan customers. It also could be used only by the bank's account holders. [PAR] The Diners Club Card was the next step in credit cards. According to a representative from Diners Club, the story began in 1949 when a man named Frank McNamara had a business dinner in New York's Major's Cabin Grill. When the bill arrived, Frank realized he'd forgotten his wallet. He managed to find his way out of the pickle, but he decided there should be an alternative to cash. McNamara and his partner, Ralph Schneider, returned to Major's Cabin Grill in February of 1950 and paid the bill with a small, cardboard card. Coined the Diners Club Card and used mainly for travel and entertainment purposes, it claims the title of the first credit card in widespread use. [PAR] Plastic debuts [PAR] By 1951, there were 20,000 Diners Club cardholders. A decade later, the card was replaced with plastic. Diners Club Card purchases were made on credit, but it was technically a charge card, meaning the bill had to be paid in full at the end of each month. [PAR] According to its archivist, American Express formed in 1850. It specialized in deliveries as a competitor to the U.S. Postal Service, money orders (1882) and traveler's checks, which the company invented in 1891. The company discussed creating a travel charge card as early as 1946, but it was the launch of the rival Diners Club card that put things in motion. [PAR] In 1958 the company emerged into the credit card industry with its own pruduct, a purple charge card for travel and entertainment expenses. In 1959, American Express introduced the first card made of plastic (previous cards were made of cardboard or celluloid). [PAR] American Express soon introduced local currency credit cards in other countries. About 1 million cards were being used at about 85,000 establishements within the first five years, both in and out of the U.S. In the 1990s, the company expanded into an all-purpose card. American Express, or Amex as it often is called, is about to celebrate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley [1956] - Elvis Presley | Songs, Reviews ... Elvis Presley [1956] - Elvis Presley | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Elvis Presley [1956] [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by Bruce Eder [PAR] Today it all seems so easy -- RCA signs up the kid from Memphis, television gets interested at around the same time, and the rest is history. The circumstances surrounding this album were neither simple nor promising, however, nor was there anything in the history of popular music up to that time to hint that Elvis Presley was going to be anything other than \" Steve Sholes ' folly,\" which was what rival executives were already whispering. So a lot was unsettled and untried at the first of two groups of sessions that produced the Elvis Presley album -- it wasn't even certain that there was any reason for a rock & roll artist to cut an album, because teenagers bought 45s, not LPs. The first of Elvis ' RCA sides yielded one song, \"Heartbreak Hotel,\" that seemed a potential single, but which no one thought would sell, and a few tracks that would be good enough for an album, if there were one. But no one involved knew anything for sure about this music. Seventeen days later, \"Heartbreak Hotel\" was released, and for about a month it did nothing -- then it began to move, and then Elvis appeared on television, and had a number one pop single. The album Sholes wanted out of Elvis came from two groups of sessions in January and February, augmented by five previously unissued songs from the Sun library. This was as startling a debut record as any ever made, representing every side of Elvis ' musical influences except gospel -- rockabilly, blues, R&B, country, and pop were all here in an explosive and seductive combination. Elvis Presley became the first rock & roll album to reach the number one spot on the national charts, and RCA's first million dollar-earning pop album. [PAR] Track Listing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1954: Bannister breaks four-minute mile - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 6 | 1954: Bannister breaks four-minute mile [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1954: Bannister breaks four-minute mile [PAR] Roger Bannister, a 25-year-old British medical student, has become the first man to run a mile in less than four minutes. [PAR] His time was 3mins 59.4 seconds, achieved at the Iffley Road track in Oxford and watched by about 3,000 spectators. [PAR] Bannister, once president of the Oxford club, was running for the Amateur Athletic Association against his old university during their annual match. [PAR] The race was carefully planned and he was aided by two pacemakers, Chris Brasher and Chris Chataway. [PAR] Brasher took the lead as the first pacemaker, Bannister slotted in behind, with Chataway in third place. [PAR] When Brasher began to feel the strain, Bannister signalled for Chataway to take over. [PAR] Just over 200 yards from the finish, Bannister took the lead with a final burst of energy. He sprinted to the line in record time and fell exhausted into the arms of a friend, the Rev Nicholas Stacey. [PAR] Pandemonium broke out when spectators heard news that Bannister had officially beaten the four-minute mile. [PAR] He had prepared for the race the previous week at Paddington Green in London in high winds. [PAR] The weather at Iffley Road was not ideal for record-breaking - a 15mph crosswind with gusts of up to 25mph meant that Bannister nearly called off the attempt. [PAR] Bannister has beaten his main rival to the record - Australian athlete John Landy. [PAR] Both had run quite close to the time but the magic number four had proved elusive until now.[DOC] [TLE] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile - May 06, 1954 ... Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile - May 06, 1954 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile [PAR] Author [PAR] Roger Bannister breaks four-minutes mile [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1954, at the Iffley Road Track in Oxford, England, medical student Roger Bannister becomes the first person in recorded history to run the mile in under four minutes. [PAR] Roger Bannister was born in Middlesex on March 23, 1929. His parents couldn\u2019t afford to send him to school, so he ran his way in: Bannister won a track scholarship to Oxford, where he studied medicine and was a running sensation. He caused a furor in England when he declined to run the 1500 meters in the 1948 London Olympics so he could concentrate on his medical studies. He did run in the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, but finished fourth. Again, the British press scorned him. He then resolved to break track and field\u2019s most famous barrier, the four-minute mile, a feat many believed to be impossible. Bannister had limited time to train, as he was enrolled at St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Medical School. He would run 30 minutes most days, focusing the rest of his time on his study of neurology. [PAR] On May 6, 1954, Bannister was running for the Amateur Athletic Association in Oxford against runners from the university in their annual match. He ran with two friends, who paced him, and then sprinted the last 200 yards, for a record time of 3:59.4. Later that month, Australian John Landy broke Bannister\u2019s record by less than a second. The two were then made out to be rivals. [PAR] In August, Bannister and Landy met face-to-face at the British Empire Games in Vancouver, British Columbia,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Disneyland opens - Jul 17, 1955 - HISTORY.com Disneyland opens - Jul 17, 1955 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Disneyland opens [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Disneyland, Walt Disney\u2019s metropolis of nostalgia, fantasy, and futurism, opens on July 17, 1955. The $17 million theme park was built on 160 acres of former orange groves in Anaheim, California, and soon brought in staggering profits. Today, Disneyland hosts more than 14 million visitors a year, who spend close to $3 billion. [PAR] Walt Disney, born in Chicago in 1901, worked as a commercial artist before setting up a small studio in Los Angeles to produce animated cartoons. In 1928, his short film Steamboat Willy, starring the character \u201cMickey Mouse,\u201d was a national sensation. It was the first animated film to use sound, and Disney provided the voice for Mickey. From there on, Disney cartoons were in heavy demand, but the company struggled financially because of Disney\u2019s insistence on ever-improving artistic and technical quality. His first feature-length cartoon, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), took three years to complete and was a great commercial success. [PAR] Snow White was followed by other feature-length classics for children, such as Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942). Fantasia (1940), which coordinated animated segments with famous classical music pieces, was an artistic and technical achievement. In Song of the South (1946), Disney combined live actors with animated figures, and beginning with Treasure Island in 1950 the company added live-action movies to its repertoire. Disney was also one of the first movie studios to produce film directly for television, and its Zorro and Davy Crockett series were very popular with children. [PAR] In the early 1950s, Walt Disney began designing a huge amusement park to be built near Los Angeles. He intended Disneyland to have educational as well as amusement value and to entertain adults and their children. Land was bought in the farming community of Anaheim, about 25 miles southeast of Los Angeles, and construction began in 1954. In the summer of 1955, special invitations were sent out for the opening of Disneyland on July 17. Unfortunately, the pass was counterfeited and thousands of uninvited people were admitted into Disneyland on opening day. The park was not ready for the public: food and drink ran out, a women\u2019s high-heel shoe got stuck in the wet asphalt of Main Street USA, and the Mark Twain Steamboat nearly capsized from too many passengers. [PAR] Disneyland soon recovered, however, and attractions such as the Castle, Mr. Toad\u2019s Wild Ride, Snow White\u2019s Adventures, Space Station X-1, Jungle Cruise, and Stage Coach drew countless children and their parents. Special events and the continual building of new state-of-the-art attractions encouraged them to visit again. In 1965, work began on an even bigger Disney theme park and resort near Orlando, Florida. Walt Disney died in 1966, and Walt Disney World was opened in his honor on October 1, 1971. Epcot Center, Disney-MGM Studios, and Animal Kingdom were later added to Walt Disney World, and it remains Florida\u2019s premier tourist attraction. In 1983, Disneyland Tokyo opened in Japan, and in 1992 Disneyland Paris\u2013or \u201cEuroDisney\u201d\u2013opened to a mixed reaction in Marne-la-Vallee. The newest Disneyland, in Hong Kong, opened its doors in September 2005. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] DISNEYLAND TIMELINE - Sacramento State DISNEYLAND TIMELINE [PAR] The First 50 Years (1955-2005) [PAR] The Happiest Place on Earth [PAR] 1954 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Construction starts in Anaheim, which often continues 24 hours a day to get the park ready in time. Hollywood studios and amusement park owners couldn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt understand Walt\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds concept of a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtheme park,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and figured"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Dean Dies in Car Accident, September 30, 1955 James Dean Dies in Car Accident, September 30, 1955 [PAR] James Dean Dies in Car Accident [PAR] James Dean Dies in Car Accident [PAR] September 30, 1955 [PAR] The mangled remains of 'Little Bastard,' James Dean's Porsche Spyder sports car in which he died during a high-speed car crash, being towed by a tow truck, California. (1955). (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] By Jennifer Rosenberg [PAR] Updated January 06, 2016. [PAR] On September 30, 1955, actor James Dean was driving his brand new Porsche 550 Spyder to an auto rally in Salinas, California when he was involved in a head-on collision with a 1950 Ford Tutor. James Dean, only 24 years old, died in the crash. [PAR] Although already famous for his role in East of Eden, his death and the release of Rebel Without a Cause caused James Dean to soar to cult status. James Dean, forever frozen as the talented, misunderstood, rebellious youth, remains the symbol of teenage angst. [PAR] Who Was James Dean? [PAR] James Dean had appeared in a number of television shows before getting his \"big break\" in 1954 when he was chosen to play Cal Trask, the leading male role in the film East of Eden (1955). (This was the only one of Dean's films that was released before his death.) [PAR] Quickly following East of Eden, James Dean was signed to play Jim Stark in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), the film for which Dean is best remembered. Immediately following the filming for Rebel Without a Cause, Dean played the lead role in Giant (1956). [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] (Both of these films were released after Dean's death.) [PAR] James Dean Raced Cars [PAR] As Dean's movie career began to \"take off,\" James Dean also started to race cars. In March 1955, Dean raced in the Palm Springs Road Races and in May of that year he raced in the Minter Field Bakersfield race and the Santa Barbara Road Races. [PAR] James Dean liked to speed. In September 1955, Dean replaced his white Porsche 356 Super Speedster with a new, silver Porsche 550 Spyder. [PAR] Dean had the car specialized by having the number \"130\" painted on both the front and back. Also painted on the back of the car was \"Little Bastard,\" Dean's nickname given to him by Bill Hickman (Dean's dialogue coach for Giant). [PAR] The Accident [PAR] On September 30, 1955, James Dean was driving his new Porsche 550 Spyder to an auto rally in Salinas, California when the fatal accident occurred. Originally planning to tow the Porsche to the rally, Dean changed his mind at the last minute and decided to drive the Porsche instead. [PAR] While Dean and Rolf Wuetherich (Dean's mechanic) rode in the Porsche, Dean had photographer Sanford Roth and friend Bill Hickman follow him in his Ford station wagon, which had a trailer for the Spyder attached. [PAR] En route to Salinas, Dean was pulled over by police officers near Bakersfield for speeding around 3:30 p.m. After being stopped, Dean and Wuetherich continued on their way. Two hours later, around 5:30 p.m., they were driving westbound on Highway 466 (now called State Route 46), when a 1950 Ford Tutor pulled out in front of them. [PAR] Twenty-three-year-old Donald Turnupseed, who was driving the Ford Tutor, has been traveling east on Highway 466 and was attempting to make a left turn onto Highway 41. Unfortunately, Turnupseed had already started to make his turn before"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Laika The Dog \u2013 First Animal in Outer Space , 1957 Laika the Dog - First Animal in Outer Space, 1957 [PAR] Laika the Dog [PAR] Laika the Dog [PAR] The First Animal in Orbit [PAR] Laika, Russian cosmonaut dog, 1957. Laika was the first animal to orbit the Earth, travelling on board the Sputnik 2 spacraft launched on 3 November 1957. (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images) [PAR] Updated November 03, 2015. [PAR] Who Was Laika the Dog? [PAR] Aboard the Soviet's Sputnik 2, Laika, a dog, became the very first living creature to enter orbit. However, since the Soviets did not create a re-entry plan, Laika died in space. Laika's death sparked debates about animal rights around the world. [PAR] Dates: Launched on November 3, 1957 [PAR] Also Known As: Kudryavka; Layka; Muttnik [PAR] Three Weeks to Build a Rocket [PAR] The Cold War was only a decade old when the space race between the Soviet Union and the United States began. On October 4, 1957, the Soviets were the first to successfully launch a rocket into space with their launch of Sputnik 1, a basketball-sized satellite. [PAR] Approximately a week after Sputnik 1's successful launch, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev suggested that another rocket be launched into space to mark the 40th anniversary of the Russian Revolution on November 7, 1957. That left Soviet engineers only three weeks to fully design and build a new rocket. [PAR] Choosing a Dog [PAR] The Soviets, in ruthless competition with the United States, wanted to make another \"first;\" so they decided to send the first living creature into orbit. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] While Soviet engineers hurriedly worked on the design, three stray dogs (Albina, Mushka, and Laika) were extensively tested and trained for the flight. [PAR] The dogs were confined in small places, subjected to extremely loud noises and vibrations, and made to wear a newly created space suit. All of these tests were to condition the dogs to the experiences they would likely have during the flight. Though all three did well, it was Laika who was chosen to board Sputnik 2. [PAR] Into the Module [PAR] Laika, which means \"barker\" in Russian, was a three-year old, stray mutt that weighed 13 pounds and had a calm demeanor. She was placed in her restrictive module several days in advance. [PAR] Right before launch, Laika was covered in an alcohol solution and painted with iodine in several spots so that sensors could be placed on her. The sensors were to monitor her heartbeat, blood pressure, and other bodily functions to understand any physical changes that might occur in space. [PAR] Although Laika's module was restrictive, it was padded and had just enough room for her to lay down or stand as she wished. She also had access to special, gelatinous, space food made for her. [PAR] Launch [PAR] On November 3, 1957, Sputnik 2 launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome (now located in Kazakhstan near the Aral Sea ). The rocket successfully reached space and the spacecraft, with Laika inside, began to orbit the Earth. The spacecraft circled the Earth every hour and 42 minutes, traveling approximately 18,000 miles per hour. [PAR] As the world watched and waited for news of Laika's condition, the Soviet Union announced that a recovery plan had not been established for Laika. With only three weeks to create the new spacecraft, they did not have time to create a way for Laika to make it home. The de facto plan was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The King and I (1956) - IMDb The King and I (1956) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The King and I ( 1956 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] A widow accepts a job as a live-in governess to the King of Siam's children. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 02 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 30 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The King and I (1956) [PAR] 7.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 5 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] In the Oklahoma territory at the turn of the twentieth century, two young cowboys vie with an evil ranch hand and a traveling peddler for the hearts of the women they love. [PAR] Director: Fred Zinnemann [PAR] On a South Pacific island during World War II, love blooms between a young nurse and a secretive Frenchman who's being courted for a dangerous military mission. [PAR] Director: Joshua Logan [PAR] The Egyptian Prince, Moses, learns of his true heritage as a Hebrew and his divine mission as the deliverer of his people. [PAR] Director: Cecil B. DeMille [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.9/10 X [PAR] Billy Bigelow has been dead for fifteen years, and now outside the pearly gates, he long waived his right to go back to Earth for a day. But he has heard that there is a problem with his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Henry King [PAR] In 1850 Oregon, when a backwoodsman brings a wife home to his farm, his six brothers decide that they want to get married too. [PAR] Director: Stanley Donen [PAR] Harold Hill poses as a boys' band leader to con naive Iowa townsfolk. [PAR] Director: Morton DaCosta [PAR] The story of the great sharpshooter Annie Oakley , who rose to fame while dealing with her love/professional rival, Frank Butler. [PAR] Directors: George Sidney, Busby Berkeley [PAR] Stars: Betty Hutton, Howard Keel, Louis Calhern [PAR] The story of the romance between the King of Siam and widowed British schoolteacher, Anna Leonowens, during the 1860s. [PAR] Director: Andy Tennant [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Mrs. Anna Leonowens and her son Louis arrive in Bangkok, where she has been contracted to teach English to the children of the royal household. She threatens to leave when the house she had been promised is not available, but falls in love with the children. A new slave, a gift of a vassal king, translates \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" into a Siamese ballet. After expressing her unhappiness at being with the King, the slave decides to make an attempt to escape with her lover. Anna and the King start to fall in love, but her headstrong upbringing inhibits her from joining his harem. She is just about to leave Siam but something important she finds out makes her think about changing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Cook \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and ... Paul Cook \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] christian [PAR] Paul Cook, born on 20 July 1956, is an English drummer and member of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols . [PAR] Cook was raised in Hammersmith, London. He attended the Christopher Wren school in White City Estate, Shepherds Bush, where he met Steve Jones . In 1972-1973, Cook and Jones, along with their school friend Wally Nightingale, formed a band, The Strand . Within the next three years The Strand evolved into the Sex Pistols. [PAR] After Sex Pistols split in 1978, Cook\u2026 read more[DOC] [TLE] Who is Paul Cook dating? Paul Cook girlfriend, wife Who is Paul Cook dating? Paul Cook girlfriend, wife [PAR] Virgin Records, Warner Bros. [PAR] Associated Acts [PAR] Sex Pistols (1975\u20131978, 1996\u2013present), The Professionals (1979\u20131982), Chiefs of Relief (1987\u20131988), Man Raze (2004\u20132010), Vic Godard & Subway Sect (2010\u2013Present), Sex Pistols (1975\u20131978, 1996, 2002\u20132003, 2007\u20132008), The Professionals (1979\u20131982, 2015), Chiefs of Relief (1984\u20131988, 2010), Man Raze (2004\u20132014), Vic Godard & Subway Sect (2010\u2013present) [PAR] Official Websites [PAR] Sex Pistols http://www.sexpistolsofficial.com/, Vic Godard & Subway Sect http://www.vicgodard.co.uk [PAR] Paul Thomas Cook (born 20 July 1956 in Hammersmith, London) is an English drummer and member of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols. [PAR] More about Paul Cook"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eight things you might not know about black boxes - ABC ... Eight things you might not know about black boxes - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) [PAR] Eight things you might not know about black boxes [PAR] With the crashes of AirAsia flight QZ8501 and Malaysia Airlines MH17, along with the disappearance of flight MH370, there is again focus on airline \"black boxes\". [PAR] Here are some things you might not know about black boxes: [PAR] 1. They're not black [PAR] Black boxes are the same colour as the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco ... kind of. They are a tone of what's known as international orange, which is a set of three colours used in aerospace and engineering to distinguish objects from their surroundings. The Golden Gate Bridge is a darker shade, while the international orange used for black boxes is much brighter. [PAR] Photo: The tone of international orange used to paint the Golden Gate Bridge is most closely matched by Pantone colour 180. (AFP: Justin Sullivan) [PAR] 2. A 'black box' comes in two parts [PAR] The \"black box\" is made up of two separate pieces of equipment: the flight data recorder (FDR) and a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). They are compulsory on any commercial flight or corporate jet, and are usually kept in the tail of an aircraft, where they are more likely to survive a crash. FDRs record things like airspeed, altitude, vertical acceleration and fuel flow. Early versions used wire string to encode the data; these days they use solid-state memory boards. Solid-state recorders in large aircraft can track more than 700 parameters. [PAR] Photo: The black boxes from the Asiana plane that crashed short of the runway at San Francisco airport on July 6, 2013. (Twitter: @NTSB) [PAR] 3. They were invented by an Australian [PAR] Dr David Warren's own father was killed in a Bass Strait plane crash in 1934, when David was just nine years old. In the early 1950s, Dr Warren had an idea for a unit that could record flight data and cockpit conversations, to help analysts piece together the events that led to an accident. He wrote a memo for the Aeronautical Research Centre in Melbourne called \"A Device for Assisting Investigation into Aircraft Accidents\", and in 1956 produced a prototype flight recorder called the \"ARL Flight Memory Unit\". His invention did not get much attention until five years later, and the units were eventually manufactured in the UK and US. However, Australia was the first country to make the technology compulsory. [PAR] 4. Experts don't call them \"black boxes\" [PAR] The term \"black box\" is favoured by the media, but most people in the know don't call them that. There are several theories for the original of the name \"black box\", ranging from early designs being perfectly dark inside, to a journalist's description of a \"wonderful black box\", to charring that happens in post-accident fires. [PAR] From The Conversation : [PAR] Black boxes are normally referred to by aviation experts as electronic flight data recorders. Their role is to keep detailed track of on-flight information, recording all flight data such as altitude, position and speed as well as all pilot conversations. It is common for many civil airliners to have multiple devices to carry out these tasks so that information can be gathered more easily in the event of a failure. In most instances, they are used to help in the diagnosis of what may have been the likely cause of an accident. [PAR] External Link: Inside a vintage flight data recorder [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Barbie Doll and Inventor Ruth Handler History of Barbie Doll and Inventor Ruth Handler [PAR] Inventors [PAR] The first Barbie doll shown at New York Toy Fair in 1959. Courtesy of Barbie Media & Mattel [PAR] The Barbie doll was invented in 1959 by Ruth Handler (co-founder of Mattel ), whose own daughter was called Barbara. Barbie was introduced to the world at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Barbie's job was teenage fashion doll. The Ken doll was named after Ruth's son and was introduced two years after Barbie in 1961. [PAR] Barbie Facts & Technology [PAR] The full name of the first doll was Barbie Millicent Roberts, from Willows, Wisconsin. Barbie's job was that of teenage fashion model. However, the doll has been made in versions connected to over 125 different careers. [PAR] She came as either a brunette or blond, and in 1961 red hair was added. In 1980, the first African American Barbie and Hispanic Barbie were introduced, however, Barbie did have a black friend named Christie who was introduced in 1969. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What to Do If Your Identity is Stolen [PAR] The first Barbie was sold for $3. Additional clothing based on the latest runway trends from Paris were sold, costing from $1 to $5. In the first year (1959), 300,000 Barbie dolls were sold. Today, a mint condition \"#1\" (1959 Barbie doll) can fetch as much as $27,450. To date, over 70 fashion designers have made clothes for Mattel, using over 105 million yards of fabric. [PAR] There has been some controversy over Barbie Doll's figure when it was realized that if Barbie was a real person her measurements would be an impossible 36-18-38. Barbie's \"real\" measurements are 5 inches (bust), 3 \u00bc inches (waist), 5 3/16 inches (hips). Her weight is 7 \u00bc ounces, and her height is 11.5 inches tall. [PAR] In 1965, Barbie first had bendable legs, and eyes that open and shut. [PAR] In 1967, a Twist 'N Turn Barbie was released that had a moveable body that twisted at the waist. [PAR] The best-selling Barbie doll ever was 1992 Totally Hair Barbie , with hair from the top of her head to her toes. [PAR] Photos[DOC] [TLE] Who Invented the Barbie Doll, How Did Barbie Get its Name ... Who Invented the Barbie Doll, How Did Barbie Get its Name, and What Are Her Measurements? [PAR] Who Invented the Barbie Doll, How Did Barbie Get its Name, and What Are Her Measurements? [PAR] 2010.06.07 [PAR] | Filed Under: Language Leave a Comment [PAR] The Barbie Doll was designed by Ruth Handler and named after her daughter. [PAR] However, she didn\u2019t realize that the original moulds came from an existing German doll named Lili, a popular cartoon prostitute of the time. [PAR] At first stores refused to stock the anatomically correct doll, until it was neutralized in 1959. [PAR] By the way, Barbie\u2019s measurements if she were life-sized are 39-23-33, still pretty sexy, for a doll, of course. [PAR] Read More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Graves (Author of I, Claudius) - Goodreads Robert Graves (Author of I, Claudius) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Robert Ranke Graves, born in Wimbledon, received his early education at King's College School and Copthorne Prep School, Wimbledon & Charterhouse School and won a scholarship to St John's College, Oxford. While at Charterhouse in 1912, he fell in love with G. H. Johnstone, a boy of fourteen (\"Dick\" in Goodbye to All That) When challenged by the headmaster he defended himself by citing Plato, Greek poets, Michelangelo & Shakespeare, \"who had felt as I did\". [PAR] At the outbreak of WWI, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He published his first volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about h Robert Ranke Graves, born in Wimbledon, received his early education at King's College School and Copthorne Prep School, Wimbledon & Charterhouse School and won a scholarship to St John's College, Oxford. While at Charterhouse in 1912, he fell in love with G. H. Johnstone, a boy of fourteen (\"Dick\" in Goodbye to All That) When challenged by the headmaster he defended himself by citing Plato, Greek poets, Michelangelo & Shakespeare, \"who had felt as I did\". [PAR] At the outbreak of WWI, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He published his first volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about his experience of front line conflict. In later years he omitted war poems from his collections, on the grounds that they were too obviously \"part of the war poetry boom\". At the Battle of the Somme he was so badly wounded by a shell-fragment through the lung that he was expected to die, and indeed was officially reported as 'died of wounds'. He gradually recovered. Apart from a brief spell back in France, he spent the rest of the war in England. [PAR] One of Graves's closest friends at this time was the poet Siegfried Sassoon, who was also an officer in the RWF. In 1917 Sassoon tried to rebel against the war by making a public anti-war statement. Graves, who feared Sassoon could face a court martial, intervened with the military authorities and persuaded them that he was suffering from shell shock, and to treat him accordingly. Graves also suffered from shell shock, or neurasthenia as it is sometimes called, although he was never hospitalised for it. [PAR] Biographers document the story well. It is fictionalised in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration. The intensity of their early relationship is nowhere demonstrated more clearly than in Graves's collection Fairies & Fusiliers (1917), which contains a plethora of poems celebrating their friendship. Through Sassoon, he also became friends with Wilfred Owen, whose talent he recognised. Owen attended Graves's wedding to Nancy Nicholson in 1918, presenting him with, as Graves recalled, \"a set of 12 Apostle spoons\". [PAR] Following his marriage and the end of the war, Graves belatedly took up his place at St John's College, Oxford. He later attempted to make a living by running a small shop, but the business failed. In 1926 he took up a post at Cairo University, accompanied by his wife, their children and the poet Laura Riding. He returned to London briefly, where he split with his wife under highly emotional circumstances before leaving to live with Riding in Dei\u00e0, Majorca. There"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dorothy Zbornak - Golden Girls Wiki - Wikia Dorothy Zbornak | Golden Girls Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \" Shady Pines , Ma!\" [PAR] -Dorothy's favorite threat against her mother, Sophia Petrillo [PAR] Dorothy Zbornak (n\u00e9e Petrillo), portrayed by Beatrice Arthur , is a fictional character from the TV series The Golden Girls . Dorothy was the strong, sarcastic, sometimes intimidating, and arguably, most grounded of the four women in the house. In the 1,000th issue of Entertainment Weekly, Dorothy Zbornak was selected as the Grandma for \"The Perfect TV Family\". In flashback sequences in various episodes, a much younger Dorothy is played by actress Lynnie Greene . [PAR] A much younger Dorothy, played by actress Lynnie Greene , in a \"flashback\" scene in an episode of \"The Golden Girls\". [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Dorothy was born in Brooklyn, New York on a pinochle table at McSoley's bar (as stated by Sophia) to Italian immigrants Sophia Petrillo and Salvadore \"Sal\" Petrillo . She had two younger siblings: brother Phillip \"Phil\" Petrillo , a cross-dresser, who died in December 1990 ( Ebbtide's Revenge ); and a sister, Gloria Petrillo-O'Connor , who married into money, and with whom Dorothy was sometimes estranged. [PAR] In the fourth season episode Foreign Exchange , Dorothy wondered whether she is the biological daughter of the Petrillos, since Dominic Bosco and Philomena Bosco claimed that the hospital switched babies. However, in the third season episode \"Mother's Day,\" Sophia's mother Eleanor Grisanti is also played by Bea Arthur , so it's implied that Dorothy and Sophia are biologically related. She was the tallest baby in New York, and had a rash on her head until she was two. [PAR] Dorothy was a \"bookworm\", and an over-achiever in high school (according to the episode Even Grandmas Get the Blues , Sophia reveals that Dorothy's IQ is 173, which would rank her as possessing a genius level intellect), but was a lie that was revealed in the same episode. Yet, she suffered from low self-esteem because one previous boyfriend was emotionally abusive, while another one supposedly stood her up on the night of her prom. In reality, he did show up, but he was disrespectful toward Sophia, who did not like the way he was dressed or his attitude, so she turned him away without telling Dorothy. [PAR] Dejected, she later accepted a date with Stanley \"Stan\" Zbornak ( Herb Edelman ) because she \"felt she couldn't do any better\". She became pregnant while still in high school, resulting in a shotgun wedding to Stan. The marriage produced two children: Kate Zbornak-Griffiths and Michael Zbornak , who both appeared on the show. However, both were presented as being in their 20s during their appearances on the show, making them too young to have been the cause of the shotgun wedding. [PAR] At some point during their marriage (1946-1984), Stan and Dorothy moved to Miami , but divorced after 38 years due to Stan's infidelity. In first season episode The Return of Dorothy's Ex , Stan mentions how they bought property together when honeymooned in Miami. [PAR] Career [PAR] Edit [PAR] Dorothy worked as a high school substitute teacher of American History (her college major) and English. She also taught a night-school course for adults wishing to complete their high school equivalency. [PAR] Dorothy also had summer and part-time jobs, which included tutoring and working alongside Blanche Elizabeth Marie Devereaux at the museum (causing jealousy after Dorothy appeared to have become the boss's favorite). [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] Edit [PAR] While often mocked as manly and odd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) [PAR] Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] West Germany [PAR] The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) was created in 1949 from the British , French and American zones of occupation in Germany . At the same time the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was established from the territory occupied by the Soviet Union . [PAR] Konrad Adenauer became the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).He held power for the next fourteen years and during that time played an important role in restoring good relations with France and the United States . However, he refused to recognize the legal existence of the German Democratic Republic . [PAR] The Federal Republic of Germany joined the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952. It was agreed that the six countries that signed the Treaty of Paris (West Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands), would pool its coal and steel resources. [PAR] In 1955 the Federal Republic of Germany became a sovereign state and joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In response the government of German Democratic Republic signed the Warsaw Treaty of Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Assistance with Albania , Bulgaria , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , Poland , Romania and the Soviet Union . [PAR] The Federal Republic of Germany joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1958. Under the ECC attempts were made to achieve harmonization. This included measures in areas such as indirect taxation, industrial regulation, agriculture, fisheries and monetary policies. [PAR] Willy Brandt became Foreign Minister in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1966. He developed the policy of Ostpolitik (reconciliation between eastern and western Europe). In 1969 Brandt became Chancellor of West Germany. He continued with his policy of Ostpolitik and in 1970 negotiated an agreement with the Soviet Union accepting the frontiers of Berlin. He also signed the Basic Treaty with the German Democratic Republic. [PAR] With the collapse of communism in 1989 the two German republics were united. [PAR] Primary Sources [PAR] (1) Konrad Adenauer , speech on 31st January, 1951. [PAR] The Federal Republic is threatened by the aggressive imperialism of Soviet Russia as is proved by the systematic expansion of Soviet power in all parts of the world since 1945. The increasingly active policies of the Russian zone government in the last few months lead to the inescapable conclusion that we cannot expect this Soviet imperialist expansionism to stop at the Elbe. If Soviet Russia succeeds in forcing the Federal Republic of Germany, with a minimum of damage, into the Soviet sphere of influence, Russian war potential would be equal to that of the United States. At the same time Russia would prevent the unification of Western Europe for the defence of the Western world. In all probability Soviet policy would thereby also succeed in increasing American isolationism sufficiently to make the United States withdraw from the continent of Europe. [PAR] (2) Konrad Adenauer , Memoirs 1945-53 (12th July, 1952) [PAR] Disagreement between Soviet Russia and the free peoples was, I felt, bound to grow. America too had a vital interest in the creation of a strong Western Europe. For this Germany was indispensable. A country in shackles is not a real, full partner. I therefore thought that our fetters would gradually fall away. [PAR] As John Foster Dulles once put it: America was not pursuing a German or a French policy in Europe, but an American policy. That was a very true saying. The foreign policy"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dogs in the White House | First Dogs of Presidents Dogs in the White House | First Dogs of Presidents [PAR] A Photo of the Kennedy Family and Their Dogs [PAR] Lyndon B. Johnson [PAR] Lyndon B. Johnson loved dogs, especially beagles. He kept a total of five dogs during his term in office. The most famous of the lot were two beagles that were simply named Him and Her. There was also another beagle called J. Edgar, a white collie named Blanco, and Yuki, a mixed breed. [PAR] LBJ stirred up controversy in 1964 when he was photographed lifting his dogs by their ears. [PAR] Johnson also had several other dogs, including one of Her\u2019s puppies called Kim and Freckles. These puppies were given to Johnson\u2019s daughter, Luci. [PAR] Dogs of Lyndon B. Johnson [PAR] Richard Nixon [PAR] Richard Nixon\u2019s loyal four-legged friend was a Cocker Spaniel named Checkers. The dog actually became quite famous when he was mentioned in a speech. Before he was President, Nixon had been accused of accepting thousands of dollars worth of gifts, but he publicly declared that the only gift he had received was the dog, who he intended to keep. This famous speech came to be known as the Checkers Speech, and the phrase is now used in reference to overly emotional political speeches. [PAR] Checkers actually died before he could ever live in the White House! [PAR] Nixon\u2019s other dogs included Vicky (a poodle), King Timahoe (an Irish Setter), and Pasha (a terrier). [PAR] A Copy of Nixon's Checker's Speech [PAR] Gerald Ford [PAR] Gerald Ford first received his golden retriever, Liberty, as an eight month old pup. They quickly became close friends, with Liberty spending much of her time in the Oval Office. According to one rumor, Ford had trained Liberty to disrupt conversations that had run on for too long by approaching the guest in a friendly manner. Liberty became so well-known that the White House distributed printed photographs of the dog, complete with a paw print autograph! [PAR] Gerald Ford found his dog through his photographer, David Kennerly. [PAR] When Liberty had puppies, Ford kept one and named it Misty. [PAR] More Information About Liberty [PAR] Jimmy Carter [PAR] Jimmy Carter\u2019s primary dog was an Afghan hound, a unique type of dog breed that he named Lewis Brown. His family was also given another dog, a border collie that they named Grits when he was a puppy. Grits was a gift for Carter\u2019s daughter, Amy, from her teacher. He had to be returned a little later, however, for some unknown reason. [PAR] Lewis Brown and Grits had to share the White House with another family pet: a Siamese Cat with the unusual name, Misty Malarky Ying Yang. [PAR] Amy Carter with Grits [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Rex, Ronald Reagan\u2019s Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, was the very first official First Dog. He was actually given to Reagan\u2019s wife as a gift, but became very attached to the President. Rex made such an impact with the staff, press, and public, that upon leaving the White House, he received a special dog house modeled after the White House. The Reagan's also had a Bouvier des Flandres named Lucky. [PAR] Rex didn\u2019t like the Lincoln Bedroom, which some people believe is haunted by Lincoln\u2019s ghost. [PAR] When the Reagans first received Rex, in the same week he made his first public move by helping to turn on the lights for the National Christmas Tree. [PAR] More Information About Rex and Lucky [PAR] George H.W. Bush [PAR] Unlike many presidents who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Priscilla Presley Biography - Famous Biographies & TV Shows Priscilla Presley - Film Actress, Television Actress - Biography.com [PAR] Cast of Dancing with the Stars [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] American actress and businesswoman Priscilla Presley, the ex-wife of cultural icon Elvis Presley and mother of singer-songwriter Lisa Marie Presley, was born on May 24, 1945. She starred in three Naked Gun movies with Leslie Nielsen, and played the character Jenna Wade on the television series Dallas. Presley founded Elvis Presley Enterprises, and helped to turn Graceland into a multimillion-dollar tourist attraction. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Priscilla Presley was born Priscilla Ann Wagner on May 24, 1945 in Brooklyn, New York. Her father, James Wagner, was a US Navy pilot who was killed in an plane crash when Pricilla was only a few months old. Her mother, Ann, remarried Paul Beaulieu, an Air Force officer, in 1948. Her family moved several times and was stationed in Germany when she was a teenager. It was there, she met Elvis Presley in 1959, when she was 14. At that time, Elvis was serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. They began a romance, and Priscilla eventually followed Elvis to the United States. [PAR] Marriage to Elvis Presley [PAR] Eight years after they met, Priscilla and Elvis were married in Las Vegas, Nevada. Their daughter, Lisa Marie, was born the following year, in 1968. Although their marriage didn't last (they divorced in 1973), Elvis and Priscilla remained friends, and raised Lisa Marie together, until his death in 1977. [PAR] Presley became the executor of Elvis's estate, Graceland, in 1979, and proved herself to be a successful businesswoman, turning Elvis Presley Enterprises, of which she is chairwoman and president, into a profitable business. [PAR] Performance Artist [PAR] Presley had begun studying acting while she was married to Elvis, and after a few TV appearances, she joined the cast of the hugely popular night-time soap opera Dallas. In 1984, she won a Soap Opera Digest Award for her role as Jenna Wade Krebbs (1983-88). [PAR] In 1985, Presley published the bestselling memoir Elvis and Me, and she produced the TV movie based on her book in 1988. Presley then starred in three Naked Gun movies with Leslie Nielsen (between 1988 and 1994). [PAR] In the late 1990s, Presley started a line of fragrances, and developed a line of clothing and skin-care products. In 2002, she was announced her intent to co-produce a musical theater production, Elvis and Priscilla, based on her romance with the \"King of Rock 'n' Roll.\" [PAR] In 2008, Presley garnered new fame, this time for her dancing skills, when she performed as a contestant on the hit series Dancing with the Stars (season 6). [PAR] Personal Life [PAR] Presley lived with boyfriend and Italian screenwriter Marco Garibaldi from 1984 to 2006. She and Garibaldi, who never married, have a son, Navaronne (born in 1987). Presley now shares the joys of motherhood with daughter Lisa Marie, who has four children Danielle Riley, Benjamin, and twins Finley and Harper. [PAR] Fact Check [PAR] We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! [PAR] Citation Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ned Kelly\u2019s Last Stand at Glenrowan, Australia Ned Kelly\u2019s Last Stand at Glenrowan, Australia [PAR] Ned Kelly\u2019s Last Stand at Glenrowan, Australia [PAR] Dean Wickham [PAR] April 11, 2013 [PAR] As we turned off the main freeway to head to the town of Glenrowan in the North of Victoria, Australia , I wasn\u2019t really sure what I would find. This town is the site of Australia\u2019s most famous bushranger battle \u2013 Ned Kelly\u2019s Last Stand. I remember learning all about Ned Kelly in school, and although he was an outlaw, it was his story that I found most interesting. [PAR] Ned Kelly\u2019s story takes us back to the 1800\u2019s, when the country of Australia didn\u2019t even exist yet. Back then, the country was split into several different colonies of the British Empire that now make up the states of Australia. Ned\u2019s parents originated from Ireland, his father (John Kelly) a former convict who moved to Victoria on release met Ned\u2019s mother (Ellen Kelly). The Kellys had seven children, the oldest son being Edward (Ned) Kelly. [PAR] Ned was brought up in a tough and unfair environment, surrounded by crime and convictions. His family was suspected of horse and cattle stealing, and his father ended up in prison to serve 6 months for stealing a farmer\u2019s calf. His Irish heritage meant that he was treated poorly in the prison, which ultimately led to his death. This was just the start of Ned\u2019s anger towards the authorities. [PAR] Statue of Ned Kelly in Glenrowan [PAR] What followed was a lot of different charges against the Kelly family, most of which were false and led to the obvious targeting of the family by the police. [PAR] Ned Kelly\u2019s bushranging days came about after a police officer (Constable Alexander Fitzpatrick), drunk and against orders, went to the Kelly house to arrest Ned\u2019s brother Dan for horse stealing while Ned was away. He waited at the Kelly house for Dan to return, where he made his arrest. Unable to provide a warrant, Ned\u2019s mother Ellen challenged him, where Fitzpatrick pulled a revolver on them and threatened them all. Dan then managed to corner him and relieve him of his revolver and was sent on his way. [PAR] Fitzpatrick then rode onto Benalla where he claimed that he was attacked and shot by Ned, Dan, Ellen, Bricky Williamson and Bill Skillion who he claimed were armed with revolvers. Ned told the police that he was not present at the time of the incident and that Fitzpatrick\u2019s wounds were self inflicted. Police arrested and imprisoned his mother Ellen along with Bricky Williamson and Bill Skillion and a reward was offered for Ned\u2019s arrest. [PAR] Furious with the injustice, Ned and Dan went into hiding in the bush where they were joined by their friends, Joe Byrne and Steve Hart who formed the infamous Kelly Gang. [PAR] The Kelly Gang was hunted for a couple of years by the police as they continuously robbed banks and stole horses in their rebellion. Ned Kelly\u2019s last stand happened in the town of Glenrowan where they planned on stopping the police train by pulling up some tracks in the town. With the town\u2019s residents as hostages in Ann Jones\u2019 Inn, Ned, Dan, Joe and Steve faced off against the huge police force wearing homemade iron armour suits. Their suits each weighed about 44 kilograms covering their torsos and heads, but leaving their legs unprotected. The weight of the armour heavily limited their movements. [PAR] The railway station in Glenrowan [PAR] Their attempt to derail the train failed due to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tudor Monarchs - Queen Mary I - English History Queen Mary I - Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits [PAR] Image Source [PAR] Queen Mary I: Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits [PAR] \u2018You have four certain and open enemies: the heretics and schismatics, the rebels and adherents of the duke of Northumberland, the king of France and Scotland, and the Lady Elizabeth.\u2019 the Imperial ambassador Renard to Queen Mary, 1553 [PAR] Biography [PAR] The sad life of England\u2019s first female ruler is rendered even more tragic in comparison with her half-sister and successor\u2019s reign. Poor Mary Tudor, destined \u2013 like her half-brother and predecessor \u2013 to languish between those two giants of English history, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. Yet there is much to warrant even a brief examination of her life and reign. Though her hated half-sister would outshine her in virtually every sphere \u2013 physical, political, intellectual, artistic \u2013 Mary also had a formidable impact upon English history. Throughout the first thirty-seven years of her life, she was tossed about by the whims of her father and, later and perhaps more galling, her Protestant brother and his council. It was perhaps inevitable that when she first tasted real power, the experience would be both intoxicating and unfortunate. [PAR] Princess Mary, age 28, painted by Master John [PAR] When Mary came to the throne, she was thirty-seven years old. She had never been married though, in her youth, several matches had been suggested and abandoned. Contrary to later beliefs, Henry VIII was pleased with her birth in 1516, proudly displaying the infant Mary to visiting ambassadors and noblemen. It was only years later, with Mary as his sole legitimate offspring, that Henry began his desperate search for a son. This search would forever brand him as a misogynist and cruel tyrant who discarded, divorced, and beheaded the women who did not bear him sons. But one must be fair to Henry and judge him by the standards of his time, which certainly his contemporaries did. He was only the second Tudor monarch and, as such, he understood the necessity of stabilizing the English throne. Indeed, his father had only won the crown in 1485, barely thirty years before Mary\u2019s birth. And if Henry VII, born the unprepossessing earl of Richmond, could steal the crown then his son\u2019s actions can be understood. Above all else, Henry VIII was determined the crown would remain in Tudor hands. Mary, like her half-sister Elizabeth, was always recognized as his daughter. But England had never had a woman ruler, one who ruled in her own right without a male consort or as regent for an infant son. The only possible precedent was Matilda, Henry I\u2019s heir, and the precedent was not good \u2013 Matilda was expelled by the English barons and her cousin Stephen of Blois was made king. Though this had happened four centuries before, its lesson was still valid. [PAR] With this in mind, Henry\u2019s treatment of Mary\u2019s mother becomes \u2013 if not palatable \u2013 at least understandable. Certainly the petty cruelties and humiliations he forced upon her were his own doing but the overall aim was to ensure the Tudor succession. But all this happened years after Mary\u2019s birth. From 1516 to about 1530, Mary led a happy, sheltered life. She was considered one of the most important European princesses and Henry used her as every king used his daughter \u2013 as a pawn in political negotiations. She was also well-educated with a fine contralto singing voice and great linguistic skill. Her mother, Katharine of Aragon, was deeply devoted to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Auguste Rodin: The French sculptor's five most iconic ... Auguste Rodin: The French sculptor's five most iconic works - pictures - Mirror Online [PAR] Auguste Rodin: The French sculptor's five most iconic works - pictures [PAR] The father of modern sculpture's best-known masterpieces include The Kiss, The Thinker and The Burghers of Calais [PAR] Share [PAR] Father of modern sculpture: Auguste Rodin (Photo: Getty) [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Google is celebrating the 172nd birthday of Auguste Rodin , the universally accepted father of modern sculpture. [PAR] The French sculptor's work was initially unpopular, but in his later years he became a world-renowned artist. [PAR] Today's Google doodle iincorporates one of Rodin's best-known works, The Kiss. [PAR] Tribute: Google's version of The Kiss [PAR] Here we take a closer look at Rodin's five most famous sculptures. [PAR] The Kiss [PAR] This 1889 marble sculpture of an embracing couple depicts the 13th-century Italian noblewoman Francesca da Rimini from Dante's Inferno, who falls in love with her husband's younger brother Paolo. [PAR] The couple are discovered and killed by Francesca's husband. [PAR] The lovers' lips do not actually touch in the sculpture, suggesting that they were interrupted and met their demise without them ever having kissed. [PAR] The Kiss (Photo: Getty) [PAR] The Thinker [PAR] Probably the best known of Rodin's monumental works, this depicts a man in sober meditation battling with a powerful internal struggle. [PAR] First conceived circa 1880\u20131881 as a depiction of Dante, the image evolved to represent all poets and creators. [PAR] It now lives in the Rodin Museum in Paris, and is often used to represent philosophy. [PAR] The Thinker (Photo: Getty) [PAR] [PAR] The Burghers of Calais [PAR] Also completed in 1889, this sculpture serves as a monument to the moment in 1347 during the Hundred Years' War when Calais was captured by the English. [PAR] Edward III offered to spare the people if any six of the French port's top leaders would surrender themselves to him almost naked, with nooses around their necks, and carrying the keys to the city and castle. [PAR] One of the wealthiest of the town leaders, Eustache de Saint Pierre, volunteered first, and five other burghers soon followed suit, stripping down to their breeches. [PAR] This poignant mix of defeat, heroic self-sacrifice, and willingness to face imminent death was captured by Rodin in his sculpture. [PAR] Burghers of Calais (Photo: Getty) [PAR] [PAR] The Gates of Hell [PAR] This sculptural group work depicts a scene from \"The Inferno\" and contains 180 figures ranging in size from 15cm high up to more than one metre. [PAR] It was commissioned in 1880 and was meant to be delivered in 1885, but Rodin continued to work on and off on the project for 37 years until his death in 1917. [PAR] Rodin worked on The Gates of Hell at the H\u00f4tel Biron in Paris, and in 1919, two years after his death, the hotel became the Mus\u00e9e Rodin for the world to enjoy his work. [PAR] The Gates of Hell (Photo: Getty) [PAR] [PAR] The Age of Bronze [PAR] This bronze statue of a life-size nude man was first exhibited in 1877 in Paris, when Rodin was falsely accused of having made it by casting a living model. [PAR] He vigorously denied the charge, but the controversy benefited him, as members of the public were so eager to see his work and decide for themselves. [PAR] The figure was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Bolsena: A Volcanic Miracle | ITALY Magazine Lake Bolsena: A Volcanic Miracle | ITALY Magazine [PAR] Lake Bolsena: A Volcanic Miracle [PAR] Nicola Ferlei-Brown | Tuesday, July 14, 2015 - 06:30 [PAR] Bolsena is a 'miraculous' lake in the Tuscia area, between Rome and Tuscany, which is dotted with enchanting towns that dominate the 'path of the Etruscans'. Rarely overcrowded, and abundant with beautiful black volcanic sands, it is the largest volcanic lake in Europe, with a circumference of 43km, and an incredible history. 370,000 years ago the collapse of land following the eruption of the Vulsini volcano (active until 104 BC) formed a caldera which then became the bed of Bolsena's lake. There are two islands, Bisentina and Martana, in the southern part of the lake which were formed by underwater eruptions following the collapse that created the caldera. [PAR] The area was part of the Etruscans territories in central Italy, a dominant culture in Italy by 650 BC. Needless to say, it's dowsed with tribe upon tribe which left their mark on this mysterious area. [PAR] Today the lake and the medieval town with the same name on its shores are best known for a miracle that occurred in medieval times in 1263. [PAR] The Miracle of Bolsena [PAR] In 1263, a Bohemian priest, Peter of Prague, was tormented by the doubt as to whether Christ was actually present in the consecrated Host and went on a pilgrimage to Rome to strengthen his faith. [PAR] On his way back, he stopped in the church of Saint Christina in Bolsena, and while celebrating Holy Mass above the tomb of St. Christina, he had barely spoken the words of Consecration when blood started to seep from the consecrated Host and trickle over his hands onto the marble altar and the corporal. [PAR] The priest interrupted the Mass and asked to be taken to Orvieto, the city where Pope Urban IV was then residing. The Pope listened to the priest's account and absolved him. When, after an investigation, all the facts were ascertained, he ordered the Bishop of the diocese to bring the Host and the linen cloth bearing the stains of blood to Orvieto. [PAR] The day archbishops, cardinals and other Church dignitaries brought them to Orvieto, the Pope met the procession and had the relics placed in the cathedral. [PAR] Apparently, Pope Urban IV was prompted by this miracle to commission St. Thomas Aquinas to compose the Proper for a Mass and an Office honoring the Holy Eucharist as the Body of Christ. One year after the miracle, in August of 1264, Pope Urban IV introduced the saint's composition, and by means of a papal bull instituted the feast of Corpus Christi. [PAR] The Mass at Bolsena by Raffaello -Apostolic Palace - The Vatican [PAR] In Bolsena, in the beautiful Church of Santa Cristina, there is a reliquary containing the marble, stained with blood, while the blood stained linen (exposed during the annual procession for the Feast of Corpus Domini) and the holy corporal are kept in a golden shrine in the Cathedral of Orvieto. [PAR] After visiting the Cathedral of Orvieto, many pilgrims and tourists go to visit St. Christina's Church in Bolsena to see the place where the miracle occurred. However, Bolsena is rarely overcrowded and an absolute pleasure to visit. [PAR] 'Un Miracolo della Natura' - A Miracle of Nature [PAR] Covering an area of 113.5 km2, it is considered Europe\u2019s largest volcanic basin. It is Italy\u2019s fifth largest lake and the biggest in the Lazio region. The lake is simply unique, with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glomerulonephritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Glomerulonephritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] Complement levels [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder, and the type and severity of symptoms. Controlling high blood pressure is usually the most important part of treatment. [PAR] Medicines that may be prescribed include: [PAR] Blood pressure drugs, most often angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers [PAR] Corticosteroids [PAR] Drugs that suppress the immune system [PAR] A procedure called plasmapheresis may sometimes be used for glomerulonephritis caused by immune problems. The fluid part of the blood that contains antibodies is removed and replaced with intravenous fluids or donated plasma (that does not contain antibodies). Removing antibodies may reduce inflammation in the kidney tissues. [PAR] You may need to limit salt, fluids, protein , and other substances. [PAR] People with this condition should be closely watched for signs of kidney failure. Dialysis or a kidney transplant may eventually be needed. [PAR] Support Groups [PAR] You can often ease the stress of illness by joining support groups where members share common experiences and problems. [PAR] Outlook (Prognosis) [PAR] If you have nephrotic syndrome and it can be controlled, you may also be able to control other symptoms. If it cannot be controlled, you may develop end-stage kidney disease. [PAR] When to Contact a Medical Professional [PAR] Call your health care provider if: [PAR] You have a condition that increases your risk for glomerulonephritis [PAR] You develop symptoms of glomerulonephritis [PAR] Prevention [PAR] Most cases of glomerulonephritis can't be prevented. Some cases may be prevented by avoiding or limiting exposure to organic solvents, mercury , and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). [PAR] Alternative Names [PAR] Glomerulonephritis - chronic; Chronic nephritis; Glomerular disease; Necrotizing glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis - crescentic; Crescentic glomerulonephritis; Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [PAR] Images [PAR] Kidney anatomy [PAR] References [PAR] Appel GB, Radhakrishnan JAI, D'Agati VD. Secondary glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 32. [PAR] Cattran DC, Reigh HN. Overview of therapy for glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 33. [PAR] Nachman PH, Hennette JC, Falk RJ. Primary glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 31. [PAR] Read More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eighth Cricket World Cup 2003 - ICC World Cup ... - ODI WC Eighth Cricket World Cup 2003 - ICC World Cup 2003 Results - 8th ODI World Cup in South Africa, Zimbabwe & Kenya [PAR] 6th Match, Group A - United Arab Emirates v Afghanistan at Abu Dhabi [PAR] Afghanistan won by 5 wickets (with 7 balls remaining) [PAR] South Africa, Zimbabwe & Kenya hosted the eighth (8th) ICC Cricket World Cup, in 2003. The ODI tournament was won by Australia. [PAR] Eighth Cricket World Cup 2003 [PAR] The eighth edition of ODI World Cup was played in three countries, comprising of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya, from February 9 to March 24, 2003. It saw the number of participating teams increase to 14, comprising of Australia, Bangladesh, England, India, Kenya, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, and Zimbabwe, along with the ICC Trophy Qualifiers - Canada, Namibia, and the Netherlands. A total of 54 matches were played in the tournament (the most in World Cup history so far), following the same format that was introduced in 1999. [PAR] The 8th ICC Cricket World Cup saw the teams being divided into two groups, each with seven teams. The top three teams of each group, i.e. Australia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, and Zimbabwe, competed with each other in the 'Super-6' stage. Out of these, Australia, Sri Lanka, India and Kenya qualified for the semi-finals. The final was played between Australia and India, with the former defeating the latter by 48 runs. Ricky Ponting was named \"Man of the Match\" in the final; while Sachin Tendulkar was awarded 'Player of the Series' (he also scored the maximum runs \ufffd 673). Chaminda Vaas took the maximum number of wickets (23) in the series. [PAR] 2003 ICC World Cup statistics [PAR] Administrator - International Cricket Council [PAR] Attendance - 626,845 (11,608 per match) [PAR] Most runs - Sachin Tendulkar (673) [PAR] Most wickets - Chaminda Vaas (23) [PAR] Player of the series - Sachin Tendulkar (India) [PAR] Results Summary [PAR] Group A [PAR] Zimbabwe v Namibia at Harare, Feb 10, 2003, Zimbabwe won by 86 runs (D/L method) (Zim 340/2; Nam 104/5) [PAR] Australia v Pakistan at Johannesburg, Feb 11, 2003, Australia won by 82 runs (Aus 310/8; Pak 228) [PAR] India v Netherlands at Paarl, Feb 12, 2003, India won by 68 runs (Ind 204; NL 136) [PAR] Zimbabwe v England at Harare, Feb 13, 2003, Zimbabwe won by a walkover without a ball bowled [PAR] Australia v India at Centurion, Feb 15, 2003 Australia won by 9 wickets, (Ind 125; Aus 128/1) [PAR] England v Netherlands at East London, Feb 16, 2003, England won by 6 wickets (NL 142/9; Eng 144/4) [PAR] Namibia v Pakistan at Kimberley, Feb 16, 2003, Pakistan won by 171 runs (Pak 255/9; Nam 84) [PAR] England v Namibia at Port Elizabeth, Feb 19, 2003, England won by 55 runs (Eng 272; Nam 217/9) [PAR] Zimbabwe v India at Harare, Feb 19, 2003, India won by 83 runs (Ind 255/7; Zim 172) [PAR] Australia v Netherlands at Potchefstroom, Feb 20, 2003, Australia won by 75 runs (D/L Method) (Aus 170/2; NL 122) [PAR] England v Pakistan at Cape Town, Feb 22, 2003, England won by 112 runs (Eng 246/8; Pak 134) [PAR] India v Namibia at Pietermaritzburg, Feb 23, 2003, India won by 181 runs (Ind 311/2; Nam 130) [PAR] Zimbabwe v Australia at Bulawayo, Feb 24, 2003, Australia won by 7 wickets (Zim 246/9; Aus 248/3) [PAR] Netherlands v Pakistan at Paarl, Feb 25, 2003, Pakistan won by 97"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thailand curfew lifted in Phuket, Koh Samui and Pattaya ... Thailand curfew lifted in Phuket, Koh Samui and Pattaya - Telegraph [PAR] Telegraph [PAR] Thailand curfew lifted in Phuket, Koh Samui and Pattaya [PAR] The streets and beaches of Phuket have been quiet in the last few days [PAR] Natalie Paris , Travel writer [PAR] 3 June 2014 \u2022 12:00am [PAR] A nightly curfew that kept both tourists and locals indoors was imposed following a military coup on May 22. It initially took effect between 10pm to 5am but was later shortened to between midnight and 4am. [PAR] It has now been lifted in three beach resorts that are \"peaceful and free from political protests\", according to the AP news agency, but will remain in Bangkok and elsewhere in the country. [PAR] Visitor numbers to Thailand have been down as a result of the coup, prompting concerns among tourist industry officials. Tourism accounts for about 7 per cent of the country's economy. [PAR] On Koh Phangan, a Gulf Coast island with a party reputation, Wannee Thaipanich, president of the Tourism Promotion Association, sent a letter to the local army asking them to ease the curfew to allow a full moon party on June 12 to continue all night, according to a report in the Bangkok Post. [PAR] But the island, while it is next to Koh Samui, has not been named as one of the three areas that are now outside the curfew. [PAR] The popular beach resort of Phuket however has been made an exception by the military. The streets and beaches have been quiet in the last few days, probably as much to do with the coup as the arrival of the rainy season. [PAR] \u201cAll the beach bars and restaurants are trading but they\u2019ve told me they are quieter than usual,\u201d said Lee Cobaj, our Phuket expert, yesterday. [PAR] \u201cWe\u2019ve still not seen any military, though,\u201d she added, \u201cand have had foreign TV channels almost the entire time.\u201d Some national and international television channels were temporarily banned from broadcasting in some parts of the country. [PAR] The midnight to 4am curfew will remain in the capital Bangkok for the time being, to the disappointment of hotel, bar and restaurant owners. [PAR] Five-star hotel owners in the city told Lee Cobaj that they were running at about 30 per cent occupancy. \u201cThey\u2019ve also had to close some of their restaurants as they just can\u2019t fill them,\u201d she said. \u201cThe curfew is really hitting the hospitality industry hard up here.\u201d [PAR] Troops and police were deployed into central Bangkok on Sunday to stop anti-coup protests, which were mostly limited to small gatherings held around shopping malls. [PAR] The military has banned political gatherings of five or more people. [PAR] The latest advice from the Foreign Office ( gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/thailand ) warns British tourists to be wary about making political statements in public. [PAR] Some protestors have begun adopting a three-fingered salute as a sign of protest against the coup, which is similar to that used by characters in the film the Hunger Games. A spokesman for the military reportedly said today it would consider taking action against those using the salute in large groups. [PAR] The Foreign Office\u2019s website advises: \u201cIt is illegal to criticise the coup and you should be wary of making political statements in public. Some anti-coup demonstrations are taking place in Bangkok and some other cities. These could become violent. [PAR] \u201cYou should exercise extreme caution and remain alert to the situation. If you\u2019re in any doubt about your safety, stay in your accommodation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cosmography | Define Cosmography at Dictionary.com Cosmography | Define Cosmography at Dictionary.com [PAR] cosmography [PAR] noun, plural cosmographies. [PAR] 1. [PAR] a science that describes and maps the main features of the heavens and the earth, including astronomy, geography, and geology. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a description or representation of the main features of the universe. [PAR] Origin of cosmography [PAR] 1350-1400; Middle English < Greek kosmograph\u00eda description of the world. See cosmo- , -graphy [PAR] Related forms [PAR] [koz-muh-graf-ik] /\u02cck\u0252z m\u0259\u02c8gr\u00e6f \u026ak/ (Show IPA), cosmographical, adjective [PAR] cosmographically, adverb [PAR] Examples from the Web for cosmography [PAR] Expand [PAR] The Long Voyage Carl Richard Jacobi [PAR] The same has been affirmed also by persons versed in learning and skilled in the science of cosmography. [PAR] Hernando Cortez John S. C. Abbott [PAR] In perusal of history, first, provide you some writers in chronology and cosmography. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for cosmography [PAR] Expand [PAR] a representation of the world or the universe [PAR] 2. [PAR] the science dealing with the whole order of nature [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for cosmography [PAR] Expand [PAR] \"description of the universe,\" mid-15c., from cosmo- + -graphy . Related: Cosmographic. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zinc\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Zinc\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] CAS Registry ID : 7440-66-6 [PAR] Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal. It is brittle at ambient temperatures but is malleable at 100 to 150\u00b0C. It is a reasonable conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. [PAR] The picture above shows the result from burning a mixture of zinc metal powder and sulphur (only to be demonstrated by a professionally qualified chemist). [PAR] Zinc: historical information [PAR] Zinc was discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746 at Germany. Origin of name : from the German word \"zink\". [PAR] Centuries before zinc was recognized as a distinct element, zinc ores were used for making brass (a mixture of copper and zinc). A brass dating from between 1400-1000 BC has been found in Palestine. An alloy containing 87% zinc was found in prehistoric ruins in Transylvania. The smelting of zinc ores with copper was apparently discovered in Cyprus and was used later by the Romans. Metallic zinc was produced in the 13th century in India by reducing calamine (zinc carbonate, ZnCO3) with organic substances such as wool. [PAR] The metal was rediscovered later in Europe. William Champion set up a zinc industry in Bristol (England) in the 1740s. Other plants were established a little later in Belgium and Silesia. [PAR] Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for zinc is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] [PAR] Zinc around us [PAR] Read more \u00bb [PAR] Zinc is essential in the diets of plants and animals. Zinc shortage in soils around the world is an important problem. Zinc is the key component of many enzymes. The protein hormone insulin contains zinc. [PAR] Zinc plays a role in reproduction and also sexual maturation. Zinc deficiency resluts in stunted growth and in male sexual immaturity. This is reversed on the addition of zinc in the diet. Some organisms seem to accumulate zinc. [PAR] Zinc is never found as the free metal but there are a number of important ores such as sphalerite (zincblende, zinc sulphide, ZnS), smithsonite (zinc carbonate, ZnCO3), zincspar (also zinc carbonate, ZnCO3), and marmatite (zinc sulphide, ZnS, containing some iron sulphide, FeS). Zinc is wide spread around the world. Important deposits are located in North America and Australia. [PAR] Abundances for zinc in a number of different environments. More abundance data \u00bb [PAR] Location [PAR] Second ionisation energy : 1733.3 kJ mol\u20111 [PAR] Isolation [PAR] Isolation : zinc metal is readily available commercially so it is not normally necesary to make it in the laboratory. Most zinc production is based upon sulphide ores. These are roasted in industrial plants to form"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chico Marx - Biography - IMDb Chico Marx - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Chico Marx [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 34 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (21) | Personal Quotes (2) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] As a kid trying to negotiate his way through various gang territories to a floating crap game or a new pool hall where he was not yet known as a hustler, Leonard (Chico) Marx learned to fake several accents. Because he later employed an Italian accent in the Marx Brothers' act, people assumed his name was pronounced \"Cheeko.\" Instead, Leonard was dubbed \"Chicko\" for his other consuming passion, women (or \"chicks\"), at which he was more successful than gambling, but when a typesetter dropped the \"k\" out of his name, the brothers let it stay as Chico. Chico was the brother who guided the Marxes to stardom. He took over the act's managment (amicably) from their mother, Minnie, and through audacity and charm, Chico secured the Brothers their first international (London) booking, their first Broadway show and their MGM contract with Irving Thalberg , among other successes. [PAR] Nephew of actor Al Shean . [PAR] Was an avid poker player and is rumored to have had a photographic memory so good, he could memorize the positions of cards in a deck. When a check written by Chico was found in mobster Bugsy Siegel 's wallet at the time of his death, Chico was interrogated by police. He insisted the check was payment of a gambling debt from a poker game. When asked about his knowledge of Siegel's criminal activities, Chico stated, \"We never discussed business.\" Groucho Marx later said of this incident, \"Chico was lucky that Bugsy was shot. If Bugsy had tried to cash that check, it would have bounced. Then Bugsy would have shot Chico.\" [PAR] Father of Maxine Marx , from his marriage to Betty Carp. [PAR] Son of Sam Marx and Minnie Marx (nee Schoenberg). [PAR] \"What's the shape of the world?\" was a question brother Groucho Marx (playing a teacher, with Chico as a student) asked in one of their early routines; years later, the two used the question to cheer each other up. [PAR] Father-in-law of Shamus Culhane . [PAR] The oldest of The Marx Brothers , he was a gambling addict and initially joined his brothers' act to pay off debts. However, he became the unofficial manager of the group once he joined (taking over from his mother), using the hustling charms he attained as a gambler to further The Marx Brothers ' fortunes. [PAR] He was voted as one of The Marx Brothers the 62nd Greatest Movie Star of all time by Entertainment Weekly. [PAR] He was portrayed by actor Irwin Pearl in the Broadway show, \"Minnie's Boys\", which ran at the Imperial Theatre for 80 performances, from Mar 26 to May 30, 1970. [PAR] The famous phrase \"Well, who you gonna believe, me or your own eyes?\" is often referred to as a Groucho Marx quote, but it was actually delivered by Chico, in his characteristic Italian accent, in Duck Soup (1933) , playing the character Chicolini while impersonating Rufus T. Firefly (Groucho). [PAR] Uncle of Arthur Marx , Miriam Marx , Melinda Marx , Bill Marx , and Bob Marx . [PAR] While filming Horse Feathers (1932), he had a bad accident, shattering his knee. In some scenes, you can see him limp. [PAR] Before he was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Denmark country profile BBC News - Denmark country profile [PAR] Denmark country profile [PAR] 23 December 11 11:55 GMT [PAR] The Danes rejected the euro as the national currency in a referendum in September 2000. Analysts believe that Danish fears of loss of political independence and national sovereignty outweighed any economic arguments about the benefits of joining the eurozone. [PAR] Denmark's euroscepticism put it at odds with many of its European partners seven years previously when Danish voters rejected the Maastricht Treaty which proposed monetary union and a common European defence force. Denmark had to be granted opt-outs from these provisions before the treaty was approved in 1993. [PAR] The Social Democrats led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the last century in a country generally known for its liberal traditions. [PAR] Poul Schluter then became the first-ever Danish prime minister representing the Conservative People's Party in 1982, leading a centre-right coalition until 1993, when he was succeeded by the Social Democrat Poul Nyrup Rasmussen. [PAR] A new centre-right coalition headed by Anders Fogh Rasmussen came to power in November 2001 promising tighter immigration controls. [PAR] A third successive centre-right Rasmussen, Lars Lokke, took over as prime minister in April 2009. His government, dependent as it is on the right-wing populist People's Party to push through legislation, has witnessed immigration and integration emerge as major issues of public debate. [PAR] Denmark's progressive tightening of its immigration laws has led to charges that its strict rules violate European norms. [PAR] The country has won plaudits for its healthy economy. Its employment levels are the envy of many industrialised countries and it accommodates a competitive economic edge as well as a generous social security system. [PAR] Danish cinema has won international recognition, not least for its willingness to experiment. Through the late 1990s and early 2000s the Dogme movement directors often used hand-held cameras to dynamic effect in a conscious reaction against high-tech, big-budget cinema. [PAR] Greenland and the Faroe Islands are self-governing territories of Denmark. [PAR] Queen: Margrethe II [PAR] Prime Minister: Helle Thorning-Schmidt [PAR] Helle Thorning-Schmidt became Denmark's first female head of government after her alliance secured a narrow majority in parliament following elections in September 2011. [PAR] The opposition parties ousted the rightist coalition of Lars Lokke Rasmussen in a closely fought election. [PAR] Ms Thorning-Schmidt was a member of the European Parliament before taking over as leader of the Social Democrats in 2005. She led them to defeat in the 2007 election, having campaigned to relax immigration rules and oppose tax cuts. [PAR] Taxation and immigration remain controversial issues among the parties of Ms Thorning-Schmidt's coalition. [PAR] Born in 1966, Helle Thorning-Schmidt studied political science in Denmark and Belgium before working as a Danish trade union consultant in Brussels. She married Stephen Kinnock, the current head of the World Economic Forum and son of British Labour politicians Neil and Glenys Kinnock, in 1996. They have two daughters. [PAR] Ms Thorning-Schmidt is known in Denmark for her stylish dress sense, leading some papers to dub her \"Gucci Helle\". Less helpful was an official investigation into her tax affairs last year, in which she acknowledged having made a mistake in declaring Mr Kinnock a non-resident. The couple were cleared of wrongdoing. [PAR] Denmark's public broadcaster, Danmarks Radio (DR), operates two TV networks and national and regional radio stations. It is funded by a licence fee. [PAR] TV2, a government-owned commercial broadcaster, operates regional outlets and an internet-based on-demand service. Private stations are available via satellite and cable. [PAR] There"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great Detectives: Maigret - Strand Mag The Great Detectives: Maigret - Strand Mag [PAR] The Great Detectives: Maigret [PAR] GO BACK TO ARTICLES MAIN PAGE [PAR] The Sherlock Holmes of France\u201d is a description that has been given to Commissaire Jules Maigret and in terms of worldwide fame and popularity he certainly deserves to be bracketed with Britain\u2019s most famous detective. And the similarities do not end there. Just as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle had done with Sherlock Holmes, Georges Simenon tried to dispose of his detective early in the series without fully appreciating his enormous appeal to readers, who promptly insisted on his return. Both authors have also, since their deaths, become very much overshadowed by the icons they created. [PAR] Maigret is one of a select band of literary figures recognisable by a single name, and has truly become a cult figure. The 84 novels and 18 short stories that Simenon wrote about him offer a fairly clear picture of le patron-as he is sometimes referred to-yet there are still enough enigmatic aspects about his character and mysterious elements in his cases to intrigue and fascinate successive generations of readers as the books and stories are reprinted. Over the years, Maigret has also become somewhat of a phenomenon. He has been the subject of scholarly theses, parodies and literary spoofs, the object of fan letters, and the inspiration for numerous films and television series. His likeness has been portrayed on postage stamps, his culinary tastes investigated by famous chefs, and his name taken in vain during many a sensational trial. [PAR] The man himself is rather unprepossessing yet wholly unforgettable. Maigret is 5 foot 11 inches tall and heavyset, his broad shoulders and stolid features reflective of his bourgeois origin. Early in his career as an inspector he wore a thick moustache, dressed in a well-cut suit and a thick winter coat with a velvet collar, and was rarely without that most British of accoutrements, a bowler hat. But when he became a commissaire, Maigret acknowledged changing police fashions by adopting a mackintosh and felt hat and shaving off his moustache. [PAR] Throughout his books, Simenon provides many interesting details about his detective. Maigret has exceptional eyesight, essential for any good detective. Because of the demands of his work, he has taught himself to be able to grab a short sleep almost anywhere. He is prone to claustrophobia, and undue exertion will sometimes leave him short of breath. Where food is concerned, Maigret is a gourmet, his favourite dishes including pintadeau en croute and fricandeau a l\u2019oseille. Like Sherlock Holmes, Maigret loves a pipe. He keeps a rack of fifteen of them in his office at the Judiciare on the Quai des Orf\u00e8vres beside the Seine and is rarely seen without one clamped between his teeth, his hands thrust deep into his coat pockets. [PAR] Le Patron is well served by his three assistants, who patiently tolerate his occasional eccentricities while struggling to cope with his notoriously disorganised filing system. Pre-eminent among these men is le brave Lucas, a man described by Simenon as \u201cchubby\u201d who is actually able to pass himself off as Maigret if the situation demands. Completing the staff of the Judiciare are the devoted family man, Janvier, and the enthusiastic youngster, Lapointe. [PAR] Despite his seniority, the chief is never above joining his men in searching for clues, although he seems to prefer sending them off on enquiries while he blends unobtrusively into the environment where the crime was committed. Unlike most fictional detectives, Maigret does not use the process of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Endymion, Book I, [A thing of beauty is a joy for ever ... Endymion, Book I, [A thing of beauty is a joy for ever] - Poems | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox [PAR] sign up [PAR] Serenity by Edward Rowland Sill [PAR] occasions [PAR] read this poet's poems [PAR] English Romantic poet John Keats was born on October 31, 1795, in London. The oldest of four children, he lost both his parents at a young age. His father, a livery-stable keeper, died when Keats was eight; his mother died of tuberculosis six years later. After his mother's death, Keats's maternal grandmother appointed two London merchants, Richard Abbey and John Rowland Sandell, as guardians. Abbey, a prosperous tea broker, assumed the bulk of this responsibility, while Sandell played only a minor role. When Keats was fifteen, Abbey withdrew him from the Clarke School, Enfield, to apprentice with an apothecary-surgeon and study medicine in a London hospital. In 1816 Keats became a licensed apothecary, but he never practiced his profession, deciding instead to write poetry. [PAR] Around this time, Keats met Leigh Hunt, an influential editor of the Examiner, who published his sonnets \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\" and \"O Solitude.\" Hunt also introduced Keats to a circle of literary men, including the poets Percy Bysshe Shelley and William Wordsworth . The group's influence enabled Keats to see his first volume, Poems by John Keats, published in 1817. Shelley, who was fond of Keats, had advised him to develop a more substantial body of work before publishing it. Keats, who was not as fond of Shelley, did not follow his advice. Endymion, a four-thousand-line erotic/allegorical romance based on the Greek myth of the same name, appeared the following year. Two of the most influential critical magazines of the time, the Quarterly Review and Blackwood's Magazine, attacked the collection. Calling the romantic verse of Hunt's literary circle \"the Cockney school of poetry,\" Blackwood's declared Endymion to be nonsense and recommended that Keats give up poetry. Shelley, who privately disliked Endymion but recognized Keats's genius, wrote a more favorable review, but it was never published. Shelley also exaggerated the effect that the criticism had on Keats, attributing his declining health over the following years to a spirit broken by the negative reviews. [PAR] Keats spent the summer of 1818 on a walking tour in Northern England and Scotland, returning home to care for his brother, Tom, who suffered from tuberculosis. While nursing his brother, Keats met and fell in love with a woman named Fanny Brawne. Writing some of his finest poetry between 1818 and 1819, Keats mainly worked on \"Hyperion,\" a Miltonic blank-verse epic of the Greek creation myth. He stopped writing \"Hyperion\" upon the death of his brother, after completing only a small portion, but in late 1819 he returned to the piece and rewrote it as \"The Fall of Hyperion\" (unpublished until 1856). That same autumn Keats contracted tuberculosis, and by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Press Office - Network TV Programme Information Week ... BBC - Press Office - Network TV Programme Information Week 42 Blue Peter Feature [PAR] Programme copy (Blue Peter At 50) [PAR] The Beginning [PAR] 1. Blue Peter first aired on 16 October 1958 and transmitted for 15 minutes. [PAR] [PAR] 2. The first presenters were Christopher Trace and Leila Williams. Christopher Trace was the stand-in for Charlton Heston in blockbuster Ben-Hur and Leila Williams had been crowned Miss Great Britain the previous year. [PAR] [PAR] 3. Blue Peter was created by John Hunter Blair. Throughout the programme's 50-year history, there have been just six editors: Biddy Baxter, Lewis Bronze, Oliver Macfarlane, Steve Hocking, Richard Marson and the current editor Tim Levell. [PAR] [PAR] 4. The 50th anniversary edition of the show on 16 October will be programme number 4,406. [PAR] [PAR] Ships and Songs [PAR] [PAR] 5. Blue Peter is named after the blue and white flag hoisted when a ship is ready to set sail from port. The reasoning for the choice is that the programme is intended to be a voyage of adventure and discovery for the viewers, constantly covering new topics. [PAR] [PAR] 6. The ship's symbol, the Blue Peter Galleon, was designed by much-loved TV artist Tony Hart, who received just \u00a3100 for his work \u2013 which is worth an estimated \u00a31,537 in today's money. Had he been paid royalties they would have made him a millionaire. [PAR] [PAR] 7. The theme tune is called Barnacle Bill. There have been nine versions of the theme tune, and the latest arrangement was introduced for this year's series. [PAR] [PAR] The Faces [PAR] [PAR] 8. There have been 34 Blue Peter presenters, including this year's new recruits, Helen Skelton and Joel Defries. [PAR] [PAR] 9. The longest-serving presenter was John Noakes, who presented the series for 12 and a half years and was 45 when he left. On one famous occasion, John was asked to drop his trousers for the show to show the bruises he had sustained during a bobsleigh film. According to his recollection, he realised that he was wearing his wife's underwear which he had put on by accident in the dark! On 17 May 1976, John Noakes collapsed in the studio due to exhaustion and Lesley Judd had to take over. [PAR] [PAR] 10. John Noakes's famous catchphrase was \"Get Down Shep\". In 1978, pop group The Barron Knights released a single of the same name which reached No. 44 in the charts. [PAR] [PAR] 11. Peter Duncan is the only presenter to do two stints on the show. He became a gold badge holder after he was made Chief Scout in Feb 2007. [PAR] [PAR] 12. Yvette Fielding was the youngest-ever presenter. She was 18 when she joined the series. [PAR] [PAR] 13. Sarah Greene met her husband, former TV presenter Mike Smith, through Blue Peter whilst being filmed learning to dive on the Mary Rose wreck. [PAR] [PAR] 14. The shortest-serving listed presenter was Anita West, who lasted for just four months before returning to her acting career. [PAR] [PAR] 15. The following stars applied to be become presenters but didn't make it: Kevin Whately, Sally James, Howard Stableford, Gail Porter, Jake Humphrey, Todd Carty and Sidney Sloane. [PAR] [PAR] 16. The famous Blue Peter badge was launched on 17 June 1963. [PAR] [PAR] 17. There are six types of badges \u2013 Blue, Green, Silver, Gold, Purple and Orange. Blue can be won by viewers sending in an interesting letter, poem, picture or story, or by appearing on"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gerenuks - Waller's gazelle - Giraffe-necked Antelope ... Gerenuks - Waller's gazelle - Giraffe-necked Antelope. Oregon Zoo - YouTube [PAR] Gerenuks - Waller's gazelle - Giraffe-necked Antelope. Oregon Zoo [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jan 26, 2014 [PAR] Cute animals - Gerenuks at Oregon Zoo. [PAR] Gerenuk (Waller's gazelle) eating grass, walking. [PAR] The gerenuk, Litocranius walleri, also known as the Waller's gazelle, is a long-necked species of antelope found in dry thorn bush scrub and desert in East Africa, from Somalia, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia through northern and eastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania. The word gerenuk (pronounced with a hard g) comes from the Somali language, meaning \"giraffe-necked\". Gerenuk are sometimes also called the giraffe-necked antelope. It is the sole member of the genus Litocranius. [PAR] Gerenuks have a relatively small head for their body, but their eyes and ears are proportionately large. Only the males have horns and they also have a more muscular neck than females. Both sexes have ruddy brown coats with a paler underbelly . They have short, black tipped tails. From head to tail, the gerenuk is around 150 centimetres (59 in) long. Males are a little taller than females, at 89--105 cm (35--41 in) tall, with the females typically 80--100 cm (31--39 in) tall. The male is also heavier than the female, weighing 45 kilograms (99 lb), while females weigh around 30 kg (66 lb). [PAR] Gerenuks feeding [PAR] Gerenuks seldom graze but browse on prickly bushes and trees, such as acacias. They can reach higher branches and twigs than other gazelles and antelope by standing erect on their rear legs and stretching their elongated necks. They appear to favour the more tender leaves and shoots, but will also eat buds, flowers, fruit, and herbaceous plants. Gerenuks do not appear to drink water; they get enough water from the plants they eat. Because of this, they can survive in very dry habitats. Gerenuks are often prey for lions, cheetahs, jackals and leopards. [PAR] Gerenuk reproduce throughout the year. Females reach sexual maturity at around one year, and males reach sexual maturity at 1.5 years, although in the wild they may only be successful after acquiring a territory (perhaps 3.5 years).The gestation period is about seven months. They are born one at a time, weighing about 3 kg (6.6 lb) at birth. Gerenuk can live 13 years or more in captivity, and at least eight years in the wild. [PAR] Music: \"Tonto\" from Youtube Audio Library. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Southern Gerenuk - Waller's Gazelle - Wild About You Southern Gerenuk - Waller's Gazelle [PAR] Southern Gerenuk [PAR] 34 Points [PAR] Track: 54mm (2 1/8\") x 32mm (1 1/4 \") [PAR] The gerenuk is a graceful creature with a long, thin neck. This feature inspired the name \"gerenuk\", which means \"giraffe-necked\" in the Somali language. Gerenuks are a type of gazelle, with a small head in proportion to its body, but large eyes and ears. Only the males have horns at maturity. The gerenuk is medium brown on the upper back and body and lighter on its sides, and lightest in color on its belly and undersides. Its short tail is tipped with a tuft of black hair. It has long thin legs and split hooves. [PAR] Gerenuk inhabit a continuous range in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theoden (Character) - Quotes - IMDb Theoden (Character) - Quotes [PAR] Theoden (Character) [PAR] Theoden : A great host, you say? [PAR] Aragorn : All Isengard is emptied. [PAR] Aragorn : Ten thousand strong at least. [PAR] Theoden : [astonished] Ten thousand? [PAR] Aragorn : It is an army bred for a single purpose: to destroy the world of men. They will be here by nightfall. [PAR] Theoden : Let them come. [PAR] [the army of Isengard starts charging at the walls of Helm's Deep] [PAR] Theoden : So it begins. [PAR] Theoden : When last I looked, Th\u00e9oden, not Aragorn, was king of Rohan. [PAR] Theoden : I will not risk open war. [PAR] Aragorn : Open war is upon you whether you would risk it or not. [PAR] Theoden : So much death. What can men do against such reckless hate? [PAR] Aragorn : Ride out with me. Ride out and meet them. [PAR] Theoden : For death and glory. [PAR] Aragorn : For Rohan. For your people. [PAR] Theoden : The Horn of Helm Hammerhand will sound in the deep, one last time! [PAR] Theoden : Crops can be re-sown, homes re-built. Within these walls... we will outlast them. [PAR] Aragorn : They do not come to destroy Rohan's crops or villages. They come to destroy its people. Down to the last child. [PAR] Theoden : What will you have me do? Look at my men. Their courage hangs by a thread. [PAR] Theoden : Where is the horse and the rider? Where is the horn that was blowing? They have passed like rain on the mountain, like wind in the meadow. The days have gone down in the West behind the hills into shadow. How did it come to this? [PAR] Theoden : Why should I welcome you, Gandalf Stormcrow? [PAR] Wormtongue : A just question, my liege. Late is the hour in which this conjurer chooses to appear. \"Lathspell\" I name him. Ill news is an ill guest. [PAR] Theoden : [upon being exorcised] Gandalf... [PAR] Gandalf : Breathe the free air again, my friend. [PAR] Theoden : [stands up from the throne] Dark have been my dreams of late. [PAR] [looks at his hands] [PAR] Gandalf : Your fingers would remember their old strength better... if they grasped your sword. [PAR] Theoden : [after being exorcised] I know your face... Eowyn. [PAR] Theoden : [pick up a white flower] Simbelmyne. Ever has it grown on the tombs of my forebears. Now it shall cover the grave of my son. Alas, that these evil days should be mine. The young perish and the old linger. That I should live to see that last days of my house. [PAR] Gandalf : Theodred's death was not of your making. [PAR] Theoden : No parent should have to bury their child. [PAR] [Theoden drops to his knees and starts sobbing] [PAR] Gandalf : He was strong in life. His spirit will find the way to the halls of your fathers. [PAR] Theoden : Look at my men. Their courage hangs by a thread. If this is to be our end, then I would have them make such an end, as to be worthy of remembrance. [PAR] [Shadowfax rears] [PAR] The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) [PAR] Saruman : You have fought many wars and slain many men, Theoden King, and made peace afterwards. Can we not take council as we once did, my old friend? Can we not have peace? [PAR] Theoden : We shall have peace... We shall have peace,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marlboro Cigarettes History | CigarettesReporter.com ... Marlboro Cigarettes History | CigarettesReporter.com - Your cigarettes guide [PAR] Marlboro Cigarettes History [PAR] 20May by Jenny Novac [PAR] Marlboro is the largest selling brand of cigarettes in the world. It is made by Philip Morris USA (a branch of Altria) within the US, and by Philip Morris International outside the US. It is famous for its billboard advertisements and magazine ads of the Marlboro Man. [PAR] The brand is named after Great Marlborough Street, the location of its original London factory. Richmond, Virginia is now the location of the largest Marlboro cigarette manufacturing plant. [PAR] Marlboro cigarettes packs [PAR] Philip Morris launched the Marlboro brand in 1924 as a woman\u2019s cigarette, based on the slogan \u201cMild As May\u201d. In the 1920s, advertising for the cigarette was primarily based around how ladylike the cigarette was. To this end, the filter had a printed red band around it to hide lipstick stains, calling it \u201cBeauty Tips to Keep the Paper from Your Lips\u201d. [PAR] The brand was sold in this capacity until World War II when the brand faltered and was temporarily removed from the market. At the end of the war, three brands emerged that would establish a firm hold on the cigarette market: Camel , Lucky Strike , and Chesterfield . These brands were supplied to US soldiers during the war, creating an instant market upon their return. [PAR] After scientists published a major study linking smoking to lung cancer in the 1950s, Philip Morris repositioned Marlboro as a men\u2019s cigarette in order to fit a market niche of men who were concerned about lung cancer, but not wanting to admit it. At the time, filtered cigarettes were considered safer than unfiltered cigarettes, but had been until that time only marketed to women. Men at the time indicated that while they would consider switching to a filtered cigarette, they were concerned about being seen smoking a cigarette marketed to women. [PAR] The repositioning of Marlboro as a men\u2019s cigarette was handled by Chicago advertiser Leo Burnett. The proposed campaign was to present a lineup of manly figures: sea captains, weightlifters, war correspondents, construction workers, etc. The cowboy was to have been the first in this series. While Philip Morris was concerned about the campaign, they eventually greenlighted the campaign. [PAR] Within a year, Marlboro\u2019s market share rose from less than one percent to the fourth best-selling brand. This convinced Philip Morris to drop the lineup of manly figures and stick with the cowboy imagery. [PAR] In order to comply with a court ruling USA vs. Philip Morris, Philip Morris is now prevented from using Marlboro products previously marketed in the United States as \u201cLights\u201d, \u201cUltra-Lights\u201d, \u201cMedium\u201d, \u201cMild\u201d, or any similar designation that yields an impression that some tobacco products are comparatively safe. Similar restrictions were applied in the European Union some years ago.[DOC] [TLE] Philip Morris USA Profile - mydiscountcigarette.net Philip Morris USA Profile [PAR] Philip Morris USA Profile [PAR] Philip Morris USA Profile [PAR] Philip Morris USA, owned by Altria Group Inc , is the leading tobacco company in the United States. Last year, the tobacconist, which sells the legendary Marlboro brand, reported owning 49 percent of the U.S. retail cigarette market. The company is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia\u2019 its main rivals are Reynolds American and Lorillard Co. [PAR] PMA USA History in Dates [PAR] The history of of PM USA began when Philip Morris manufactured his first cigarette in London in 1854. [PAR] In 1902 \u2013 Philip Morris Co was registered in USA, and started manufacturing cigarettes at a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sea Hawk (1940) - IMDb The Sea Hawk (1940) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] | Action , Adventure , History | 1 July 1940 (USA) [PAR] Geoffrey Thorpe, a buccaneer, is hired by Queen Elizabeth I to nag the Spanish Armada. The Armada is waiting for the attack on England and Thorpe surprises them with attacks on their galleons where he shows his skills on the sword. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Howard Koch (screen play), Seton I. Miller (screen play) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 20 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 25 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 27 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 18 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: The Sea Hawk (1940) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 4 Oscars. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After being wrongly convicted as a traitor, Peter Blood, an English physician, is sent to exile in the British colonies of the Caribbean, where he becomes a pirate. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] When Prince John and the Norman Lords begin oppressing the Saxon masses in King Richard's absence, a Saxon lord fights back as the outlaw leader of a rebel guerrilla army. [PAR] Directors: Michael Curtiz, William Keighley [PAR] Stars: Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone [PAR] A Texas cattle agent witnesses first hand, the brutal lawlessness of Dodge City and takes the job of sheriff to clean the town up. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] A major countermands orders and attacks to avenge a previous massacre of men, women, and children. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] A depiction of the love/hate relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and Robert Devereux, the Earl of Essex. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] The great lover Don Juan comes to the assistance of his queen. [PAR] Director: Vincent Sherman [PAR] A platoon of special ops are tasked to parachute into the remote Burmese jungle and destroy a strategic Japanese radar station, but getting out isn't as easy. [PAR] Director: Raoul Walsh [PAR] A highly fictionalized account of the life of George Armstrong Custer from his arrival at West Point in 1857 to his death at the battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876. He has little ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Raoul Walsh [PAR] In 1854, Jeb Stuart, George Custer and other graduates from West Point are posted to Kansas to help pacify the territory before railroad construction to Santa Fe can resume. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] As bareknuckled boxing enters the modern era, brash extrovert Jim Corbett uses new rules and dazzlingly innovative footwork to rise to the top of the top of the boxing world. [PAR] Director: Raoul Walsh [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.8/10 X [PAR] Union officer Kerry Bradford escapes from Confederate Prison and is set to Virginia City in Nevada. Once there he finds that the former commander of his prison Vance Irby is planning to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shakespeare's Longest Play Shakespeare's Longest Play [PAR] [PAR] Which play is Shakespeare's longest? [PAR] The average length of a play in Elizabethan England was 3000 lines. With 4,042 lines and 29,551 words, Hamlet is the longest Shakespearean play (based on the first edition of The Riverside Shakespeare, 1974). [PAR] How to cite this article: [PAR] Mabillard, Amanda. Shakespeare's Longest Play. Shakespeare Online. 20 Sept. 2004. (date when you accessed the information) < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/shakespearelongestp.html >. [PAR] ______"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Us - ISKCON Malaysia About Us - ISKCON Malaysia [PAR] About Us [PAR] About Us [PAR] Background [PAR] The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), also known as \u2018the Hare Krishna\u2019 movement, was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. While some classified it as a new religious movement, its core philosophy is based on scriptures such as the Bhagavad-Gita and Srimad Bhagavatam, both of which date back more than two millennia. The distinctive appearance of the movement and its culture come from the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, which has had adherents in India ever since the late 1400s. Early converts to the movement were dated to early 1930s. [PAR] Non-sectarian in its ideals, ISKCON was formed to spread the practice of \u2018Bhakti yoga\u2019 (The Yoga of Devotion); wherein aspirant devotees (Bhaktas) dedicate their thoughts and actions towards pleasing Supreme Lord, Krishna (seen as non-different from God). [PAR] About ISKCON Malaysia [PAR] ISKCON Malaysia was established in 1980. Today, there are over 20 registered branches and over 9 active preaching centres nationwide, not including the innumerable number of get-togethers. Most of these centres are managed by congregation devotees who volunteer their time and resources for the service of Lord Krishna. [PAR] ISKCON worldwide is managed by the Governing Body Commission comprising of more than 30 elected members. They meet once a year in Sri Mayapur Dham, India , the ISKCON headquarters, for the annual meeting. Members of the GBC are in charge of overseeing preaching activities in different parts of the world. They are called Governing Body Commissioners. The Governing Body Commissioners allocate Zonal Secretaries to govern various zones around the world. [PAR] The Zonal Secretaries for Malaysia are Jayapataka Swami and Bhanu Swami. The Regional Secretary is Simhesvara dasa. [PAR] ISKCON Malaysia\u2019s President is Bhaktivrajendranandana Swami and the Vice-President is Vrindavana Candra dasa. [PAR] Each of the branches or centres in Malaysia, is managed by a committee comprising of elected members. The centres are financially self-sufficient and manage their affairs independently. Periodically, all the local leaders convene to discuss matters of individual and collective concern. [PAR] The total number of congregants nationwide (those who are chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra and accept Lord Sri Krishna as Supreme Lord and Srila Prabhupada) is circa 10,000. [PAR] Activities [PAR] The core activity is to teach, train and disseminate Vedic culture and philosophy as presented in Bhagavad-gita and Srimad Bhagavatam. This is achieved through various means, such as:- [PAR] Providing place for worship and learning. [PAR] Distribution of spiritual books and learning tools. [PAR] Free food distribution to the needy. [PAR] Organising Vedic festivals. [PAR] Spiritual counselling at prison and drug rehabilitation centres. [PAR] Spiritual counseling for individuals and families. [PAR] Care for the old. [PAR] Welfare and charitable activities. [PAR] SJMKL History [PAR] The first preaching centre in Kuala Lumpur also known as Sri Jagannatha Mandir, SJMKL, was established in Jalan Anak Gasing, Petaling Jaya in 1981. His Grace Ramasharan prabhu was the first Temple President. In 1984, the centre was relocated to Taman Kanagapuram, Petaling Jaya, and since 1985, we have established our headquarters in Taman Yarl, Off Old Klang Road, Kuala Lumpur. [PAR] Vrindavan Candra dasa took over the leadership for a brief period. During his time, many life-members were made whose contribution helped the movement financially. [PAR] Simhesvara dasa was the third temple president and he managed for 13 years. During this time many young men joined as residential devotees or brahmacaris. Preaching expanded throughout the country vigorously. New preaching centres mushroomed from North to South of Malaysia and as well"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheers full theme song (with subtitiles) - YouTube Cheers full theme song (with subtitiles) - YouTube [PAR] Cheers full theme song (with subtitiles) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 13, 2008 [PAR] This is the cheers full theme song. It has to be one of my favorite shows and im glad i was able to do this one [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Cheers intro song - YouTube Cheers intro song - YouTube [PAR] Cheers intro song [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 2, 2010 [PAR] intro song to the tv show cheers( 1983-1992) song: where everybody knows your name, by Gary Portnoy. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wood you do it for me: A beginner\u2019s guide to dendrophilia ... Wood you do it for me: A beginner\u2019s guide to dendrophilia | drmarkgriffiths [PAR] Wood you do it for me: A beginner\u2019s guide to dendrophilia [PAR] Posted by drmarkgriffiths [PAR] Dendrophilia (also known as arborphilia) literally translates as a love of trees (in fact, I was originally going to try and get the words \u201cpining for it\u201d in the title of this blog but decided against it in the end). For me, human sexual contact with trees is not something that I think of as naturally going together. The only modern day \u201ccultural\u201d reference I can recall (an I use the word \u201ccultural\u201d in its loosest sense) was in the 1981 film The Evil Dead when the character Cheryl is attacked by trees possessed by the demons, that then come to life and brutally rape her (a scene that director Sam Raimi has since regretted including in the film). [PAR] However, the word \u2018dendrophilia\u2019 has now been adopted by some in the sexology field to refer to those who have a fetishistic or paraphilic interest in trees (i.e., individuals who derive sexual pleasure, sexual arousal and/or are sexually attracted to trees). This may involve actual sexual contact with trees and/or (as Raymond Corsini notes in his 1999 Dictionary of Psychology) veneration as phallic symbols. In his 2009 book Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices, Dr Anil Aggrawal (Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India) defines dendrophilia as arousal from trees or fertility worship of them\u201d whereas Dr. G.R. Pranzarone in his online Dictionary of Sexology says it is the love of trees. But categorically states \u201cit is not a paraphilia\u201d (but doesn\u2019t give any reason as to why). [PAR] Dr. Brenda Love in her Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices writes about dendrophilia and notes that trees were ancient symbols of fertility and that on designated holy days, men had to go into the fields and ejaculate onto the trees. She also cites the work of anthropologist Thomas Gregor who studied the South American people of Mehinaku (a village of the Amazonian Xingu tribe) and described the following folk tale of a dendrophilic act in his 1985 book Anxious Pleasures; the Sexual Lives Of An Amazonian People: [PAR] \u201cI have been able to find only two other stories of masturbation, and in both, men are the principal actors. In one tale we learn of a man who found a remarkably gratifying hole in a tree, which he began to use to the exclusion of his wife and girlfriends. In the second story, a man made an artificial vagina of leaves to which he became similarly attached. In both myths, the culprits were seen by other villagers who hacked away the hole with an axe and tore the leaf vagina to shreds. In both stories, the masturbators behaved as if their leafy companions had been real women. They wailed for the deceased plants, cut their hair short, and took off their belts as a symbol of mourning\u201d. [PAR] Just to put these observations into context, Dr. Theodore Lidz in reviewing Gregor\u2019s book for the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, notes that the Xingu tribe are a small society that not only permits extramarital promiscuity (to an extent perhaps never before recorded), but the promiscuity promotes rather than disrupts the societal integration. [PAR] A fairly recent British case of dendrophilia came to light when 21-year old Scottish man William Shaw received a lifetime ban from Airdrie\u2019s Central Park for attempting to have sex"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jamie Oliver Celebrity Chef Biography - About.com Food Jamie Oliver Celebrity Chef Biography [PAR] Updated November 07, 2016. [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Jamie Trevor Oliver was born May 27, 1975, in Clavering, Essex, England. Jamie grew up in Cambridge where his parents, Trevor and Sally, own a pub and restaurant called The Cricketers (still in business). When he was 8 years old, Jamie began working in his parent's restaurant. At age 11 Jamie could cut vegetables as well as any of the kitchen staff. In 1989, at the age of 14, Jamie formed the band Scarlet Division with composer/musician Leigh Haggerwood. [PAR] Culinary Career [PAR] Jamie began attending the Westminster Catering College at the age of 16. Later, he worked in France learning as much as he could before returning to London. His first job back was working for Antonio Carluccio as Head Pastry Chef at The Neal Street Restaurant (CLOSED) (one of the best Italian restaurants in England). [PAR] Here Jamie worked alongside Gennaro Contaldo, who Jamie considers one of his mentors. After The Neal Street Restaurant, Jamie worked 3 1/2 years at the famous River Cafe in London. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Turn Leftover Summer Produce into Jam [PAR] It was here, Jamie says, where he learned \"all about the time and effort that goes into creating the freshest, most honest, totally delicious food.\" [PAR] The Television Star [PAR] The River Cafe was also his big break into television. The day after appearing in a documentary about the restaurant called Christmas at the River Cafe, five television production companies contacted Jamie about starring in his own show. He accepted an offer from Optomen Television to produce his first show The Naked Chef. The title is a reference to the simplicity of his recipes. Two seasons of the show, which also aired in the U.S., were filmed in 1998 and 1999. [PAR] Jamie's Kitchen was Oliver's second television series. The show, produced by Channel 4, is a documentary that follows Jamie as he mentors 15 unemployed youths (1000 applied for the position). Jamie trains the youngsters to be professional chefs and help staff his first restaurant, Fifteen , a not-for-profit endeavor. The restaurant is still open for business and on its third class of students. [PAR] Later, Jamie would film another charitable project, Jamie's School Dinners. This four-part series documents Jamie as he takes responsibility for running the kitchen at Kidbrooke School, Greenwich. It also showcases the Feed Me Better campaign, his crusade to change the poor eating habits of children and improve school meal systems. The campaign was directly responsible for the British government's pledge of 280 million pounds (over 3 years) to improve school dinners. [PAR] Jamie's latest series (2002-present), Oliver's Twist, appears on the Food Network. The show follows Jamie as he shops for the best food in London and takes it home to cook for his friends. In 2005, Jamie's Great Escape premiered. The show is a travelogue of Jamie's trek across Italy (in a camper van) as he tries to rediscover his joy of cooking. [PAR] The Prolific Writer [PAR] Aside from his many cookbooks, Jamie has a regular column in the Saturday Times Magazine, is a monthly editor of Marie Claire (UK), and is the food editor for Britain's GQ magazine . [PAR] The Good British Citizen [PAR] In 1999, Jamie and his staff of 15 students were invited to 10 Downing Street to prepare lunch for the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, who was entertaining the Italian Prime Minister. In June 2003, Jaimie was awarded an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Red Queen - Alice in Wonderland Wiki - Wikia The Red Queen | Alice in Wonderland Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The Red Queen appeared in Tim Burton 's Alice in Wonderland as an amalgam of the Queen of Hearts , the Duchess and herself. Her name is Iracebeth of Crims. She is completely spoilt, callous, arrogant and demanding, coercing her courtiers to agree with every word she says, almost blindly. She has become significantly paranoid, going so far as to execute her husband for fear that he would leave her for her sister. When she has a decision to make, she twiddles her fingers about as she decides. She is portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter . [PAR] In the novel series The Looking Glass Wars , she and the queen of hearts are re-imagined as Redd, the main antagonist and the aunt of Alyss. [PAR] In the video game, American McGee's Alice , the Red Queen is the main antagonist and the final boss. She resembles in this game the darkest part of Alice. She took advantage of Alice's insanity and ruled Wonderland. By turning it into a twisted version of itself. She's mostly made out of limbs and tentacles. In Madness Returns, she is left destroyed after Alice took Wonderland out of her rule. She has a very important part in this game and resembles Alice's older sister, Elizabeth Liddell. [PAR] The Red Queen was portrayed by Edna May Oliver in the 1933 Paramount film version of Alice in Wonderland. [PAR] In the 1951 movie when the flowers are singing - there is a red rose that resembles the Red Queen and it is the same with the white flower that resembles the White Queen. [PAR] In the 2014 ABC television series spin-off, Once Upon a Time in Wonderland , the Red Queen is a main character portrayed by Emma Rigby[DOC] [TLE] Helena Bonham Carter - IMDb Helena Bonham Carter - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actress | Soundtrack | Producer [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter is an actress of great versatility, one of the UK's finest and most successful. Bonham Carter was born May 26, 1966 in Golders Green, London, England, the youngest of three children of Elena (n\u00e9e Propper de Callej\u00f3n), a psychotherapist, and Raymond Bonham Carter, a merchant banker. Through her father, she is the ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] Share this page: [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 22 people [PAR] created 08 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 people [PAR] created 13 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 24 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 people [PAR] created 22 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 49 people [PAR] created 13 Dec 2014 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Helena Bonham Carter's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 42 wins & 81 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2016 Love, Nina (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] George [PAR] 2014 Masterpiece Contemporary (TV Series) [PAR] Margot [PAR] 2009 Enid: Deleted Scenes (Video short) [PAR] Enid Blyton (uncredited) [PAR] 2005 Magnificent 7 (TV Movie) [PAR] Maggi Jackson [PAR] 1994 Absolutely Fabulous (TV Series) [PAR] Dream Saffron [PAR] 1993 Dancing Queen (TV Movie) [PAR] Pandora / Julie (as Helena Bonham-Carter) [PAR] 1987 Screen Two (TV Series) [PAR] Jo Marriner [PAR] 1987 Miami Vice (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Theresa Lyons [PAR] 2013 The 85th Annual Academy Awards (TV Special) (performer: \"One Day More\") [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nigeria: FG to Partner NPA On Maritime Security ... Nigeria: FG to Partner NPA On Maritime Security - allAfrica.com [PAR] Nigeria: FG to Partner NPA On Maritime Security [PAR] more [PAR] By Eromosele Abiodun [PAR] The federal government has said that it will collaborate with the new management of the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) to ensure adequate security within Nigeria's waterways. [PAR] The Minister of Transportation, Rotimi Amaechi stated this, weekend in Lagos at the commissioning of NPA's Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence System (CCCIS). [PAR] CCCIS is a cutting edge security technology, capable of tracking, recording and delivering ships movements within the country's ports domain. [PAR] The facility, the minister stated, will significantly boost the nation's security and ensure increased revenue from the sector. [PAR] He said: \"With the installation, maritime activities within and beyond the six Nigerian Ports of Lagos, Port Harcourt, Calabar, Onne, Warri can now be meticulously monitored, simultaneously in Lagos. This achievement is a remarkable milestone in the development of the nation's port operational system. [PAR] It is pertinent to note that the development of this facility began with an approval in 2013 with the aim of providing business Intelligence for the movement of vessels and Cargoes, as well as providing improved and secured communications within our waterways. It will lead to enhancement of efficiency within the nation's seaports.\" [PAR] The minister explained that the infrastructure comprises \"long and short range video surveillance monitoring systems, as well as several other software applications which are in line with the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the Ships and Ports Security (ISPS) Code.\" [PAR] Amaechi assured the international community that Nigeria as an IMO member remained committed to upholding the thrust of the organisation in the areas of safety, security, environmental protection and trade facilitation. [PAR] He stressed that he was not in doubt that the, \"conceptualisation, development and installation of the CCCIS by the NPA will in no small way promote the ratings of our ports, by the IMO.\" [PAR] Speaking earlier, the Managing Director of NPA, Ms. Hadiza Bala Usman said by virtue of the facility the NPA as a worthy stakeholder, would now be capable of assisting the country to surmount security and safety challenges, within Nigeria and the entire Gulf of Guinea. [PAR] This, she stated, is alongside the capability of an interface with other relevant stakeholders, to track as well as record maritime security breaches. [PAR] \"This technology will enable the Nigerian Ports Authority, not just to generate adequate revenue, but also to ensure that all revenue leakages are blocked, in furtherance of the federal government efforts towards revitalising our economy. Let me reiterate that in the days ahead, the NPA will be playing pro-active roles in the digital space, ensuring that there is synergy and collaboration amongst relevant agencies such as the Nigerian Navy, the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), the Nigerian Customs Service (NCS) and other security and intelligence agencies, for the purpose of sharing information, documentation to enhance maritime safety, security, as well as block revenue leakages, \"she said. [PAR] She added: \"It is pertinent to note that this project comprises of the Marine Operational Centre (MOC), which will enable the actual monitoring of vessels ; the Network Operations Centre (NOC) which is the support; and infrastructure data base, that stores all information, including recorded videos.\" [PAR] The facility, she added, covers maritime activities in the nation's six ports and four pilotage districts. She added that the facility should be seen as a running project, representing a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ashby-de-la-Zouch - definition of Ashby-de-la-Zouch by The ... Ashby-de-la-Zouch - definition of Ashby-de-la-Zouch by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Ashby-de-la-Zouch - definition of Ashby-de-la-Zouch by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ashby-de-la-Zouch [PAR] (\u02cc\u00e6\u0283b\u026a\u02ccd\u0259l\u0259\u02c8zu\u02d0\u0283) [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a town in central England, in Leicestershire: Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned (1569) in the castle. Pop: 11 409 (2001) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Ashby de la Zouch, Leicestershire, UK - YouTube Ashby de la Zouch, Leicestershire, UK - YouTube [PAR] Ashby de la Zouch, Leicestershire, UK [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 17, 2012 [PAR] https://www.facebook.com/pages/Alan-H... [PAR] \"Ashby\" is a word of Anglo-Danish origin, meaning \"Ash-tree farm\" or \"Ash-tree settlement\". The Norman French addition dates from the years after the Norman conquest of England, when the town became a possession of the La Zouche family during the reign of Henry III. [PAR] Ashby de la Zouch Castle was built in the 12th century. The town and castle came into the possession of the Hastings family in 1464 and William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings enhanced its fortifications from 1473. In the Civil War the town was one of the Royalists' chief garrisons under the control of Colonel Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough and commander of the North Midlands Army. When the town fell after a long siege in March, 1646 it was counted a great relief to the surrounding towns and villages. [PAR] Many of the buildings in Market Street, the town's main thoroughfare, are timber framed, but most of this is hidden by later brick facades. The Bull's Head public house retains its original Elizabethan half-timbering although most of this was plastered over some years ago and can now no longer be seen from the street. A short distance further down Market Street is a shop, currently occupied as a LOROS Charity Shop, which does retain its original Elizabethan timbers in full street view. There are also Regency buildings in this street. Bath Street has a row of Classical-style houses called Rawdon Terrace dating from the time that the town was a spa in the 1820s. [PAR] The local upper school, Ashby School, previously Ashby Grammar School, is a mixed comprehensive school for 14 to 18-year-olds that was founded in 1567. There were formerly two other endowed boys' schools of 18th century foundation. [PAR] A local high school, Ivanhoe College, for 11 to 14-year-old children, is named after the historical novel Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott which was set in the area of the castle. In Scott's novel the town hosts an important archery competition held by Prince John, in which Robin Hood competes and wins. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grosse Pointe Blank (1997) - IMDb Grosse Pointe Blank (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Martin Blank is a professional assassin. He is sent on a mission to a small Detroit suburb, Grosse Pointe, and, by coincidence, his ten-year high school reunion party is taking place there at the same time. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 25 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 14 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: Grosse Pointe Blank (1997) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Rob, a record store owner and compulsive list maker, recounts his top five breakups, including the one in progress. [PAR] Director: Stephen Frears [PAR] A teenager has to deal with his girlfriend dumping him among family crises, homicidal paper boys, and a rival skier. [PAR] Director: Savage Steve Holland [PAR] A college student plans a cross-country trip to get laid, but ends up traveling with a young woman. They hate each other, so naturally... [PAR] Director: Rob Reiner [PAR] A noble underachiever and a beautiful valedictorian fall in love the summer before she goes off to college. [PAR] Director: Cameron Crowe [PAR] A feud develops between two air traffic controllers: one cocky and determined while the other is restrained and laidback, which inevitably affects their lives. [PAR] Director: Mike Newell [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Martin Blank is a freelance hitman who starts to develop a conscience, which causes him to muff a couple of routine assignments. On the advice of his secretary and his psychiatrist, he attends his 10th year High School reunion in Grosse Pointe, Michigan (a Detroit suburb where he's also contracted to kill someone). Hot on his tail are a couple of over-enthusiastic federal agents, another assassin who wants to kill him, and Grocer, an assassin who wants him to join an \"Assassin's Union.\" Written by Afterburner <aburner@erols.com> [PAR] Even A Hit Man Deserves A Second Shot! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for strong violence, language and some drug content | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 11 April 1997 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] $6,870,397 (USA) (11 April 1997) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The Brand and Flavor of gum that Martin takes while being attacked at the Ultimart is Trident, Original flavor. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] During the introducing shots of Grosse Pointe there is a shot of a boat, you can see the helicopter blades on the very top of the screen. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Marty : Why are you so interested in me going to my high school reunion? [PAR] Marcella : I just find it amusing that you came from somewhere. [PAR] Courtesy of Warner Bros. Records Inc. [PAR] By Arrangement with Warner Special Products [PAR] (Brighton; England) \u2013 See"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sharks: the men in grey suits - ABC Sydney - Australian ... Sharks: the men in grey suits - ABC Sydney - Australian Broadcasting Corporation [PAR] 3 July, 2012 10:08AM AEST [PAR] Sharks: the men in grey suits [PAR] By Ella Kennedy [PAR] Share [PAR] Glenn Orgias hit the headlines in 2009 when he was attacked by shark while surfing at Bondi. [PAR] Just the day before, Navy diver Paul de Gelder had also been viciously attacked by a shark in Sydney Harbour [PAR] What were the chances? [PAR] \"Surfers refer to sharks as men in grey suits, they are the guys out there doing their business without bothering us,\" Glenn explained to Adam Spencer. [PAR] It was dusk when Glenn hit the waves on that fateful day. Like any surfer he'd thought about sharks. [PAR] \"It was something that was at the back of my mind, but it was something i kind of dismissed\" . [PAR] At first, Glenn didn't realise he'd been attacked. [PAR] \"I remember feeling a heavy hit against my arm, like I'd fallen on my arm or been hit by a cricket bat\" [PAR] \"I thought instinctively I'd been tangled up with another surfer\". [PAR] The juvenile Great White then took hold of Glenn and \" shook him around for a few seconds\" before thankfully letting him go. [PAR] Glenn's hand was hanging by just a thread of skin - but somehow he made it back the beach. [PAR] \"If you are going to get attacked by a shark, make sure it's at Bondi,\" Glenn said - as he was swamped by off duty doctors who came to his aid. [PAR] Glenn now has a mechanised hand and lower arm, but this hasn't stopped him getting back on the surfboard. [PAR] He tells his full story in his new book \" Man in a Grey Suit\". [PAR] Have a listen to Adam's full interview here."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lorna Doone Characters - eNotes.com Lorna Doone Characters - eNotes.com [PAR] Lorna Doone Characters [PAR] link Link [PAR] John Ridd [PAR] John Ridd, the narrator and courageous hero. His hatred of the outlaw Doone clan is at variance with his love for beautiful Lorna Doone. At last, after many adventures, including the vanquishing of the Doones, he marries Lorna. [PAR] Sir Ensor Doone [PAR] Sir Ensor Doone, the head of the Doone clan, loved by Lorna. Dying, he gives his blessing to her and John Ridd. [PAR] Lorna Doone [PAR] Lorna Doone, Sir Ensor\u2019s ward. Captured by the Doones when a small child, she turns out to be an heiress, Lady Dugal. In love with John Ridd and hating the savage members of the Doone clan, she bravely resists the Doones\u2019 tyrannical efforts to marry her to Carver Doone. [PAR] Carver Doone [PAR] Carver Doone, Sir Ensor\u2019s son and the most villainous of the Doones. The actual murderer of John Ridd\u2019s father, he is finally slain by John. [PAR] Annie Ridd [PAR] Annie Ridd, John\u2019s sister. [PAR] Tom Faggus [PAR] Tom Faggus, a highwayman and John Ridd\u2019s cousin. Annie\u2019s love for Tom involves John in his concerns, almost resulting in John\u2019s execution. [PAR] Jeremy Stickles [PAR] Jeremy Stickles, the king\u2019s messenger. Saved by John Ridd from death at the hands of the Doones, he is later able to rescue John from execution. [PAR] Reuben Huckaback [PAR] Reuben Huckaback, John Ridd\u2019s great-uncle, who is also a victim of robbery by the Doones. [PAR] Ruth [PAR] Ruth, the granddaughter of Huckaback, who wants John Ridd to marry her. [PAR] John Fry [PAR] John Fry, who, at the start of the novel, is sent to bring John Ridd home from school. Returning, they discover that the Doones have murdered John Ridd\u2019s father. [PAR] Lord Alan Brandir [PAR] Lord Alan Brandir, Lorna\u2019s relative, whose brutal murder by Carver Doone is instrumental in causing her to hate the clan."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beijing National Stadium - Beijing Concert Venues Guide ... Beijing National Stadium - Beijing Concert Venues Guide and Tickets [PAR] Beijing National Stadium [PAR] Reviews : [PAR] Beijing National Stadium, also colloquially as Bird's Nest (Chinese Name : \u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u80b2\u573a; \u9e1f\u5de2), This huge stadium was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. Located in the Olympic Green, the US$423 million stadium is the world's largest steel structure. [PAR] The stadium's design originally called for a capacity of 100,000 people; however 9,000 were removed during a simplification of the design. nowadays, the National Stadium host the large-scale sports tournament, concerts and otherwise after the Olympics. [PAR] What's on Stage[DOC] [TLE] Spazio Mondo - The Beijing National Stadium Spazio Mondo - The Beijing National Stadium [PAR] Spazio Mondo [PAR] Olympic Editions [PAR] The Beijing National Stadium [PAR] There are many reasons to remember the 2008 Olympic Games, and one of these is undoubtedly the impressive events broadcasted to audiences around the world from the Olympic Stadium in Beijing, a building universally dubbed with the nickname \"the Bird's Nest\". [PAR] IN SHORT [PAR] Start date of construction: December 24, 2003 [PAR] Cost of project: $423 million [PAR] Structural engineering: Arup [PAR] Capacity: 80,000/91,000 (2008 Olympic games) [PAR] [PAR] Download the complete Case History [PAR] An architectural miracle [PAR] The reason for the name immediately strikes the eye : an intricate system of ties and a complex steel structure makes the building look like a huge nest, that can hold up to 91,000 spectators and has one of the world's fastest athletic tracks. [PAR] The history of this architectural miracle began with an annoucement issued on December 19, 2002. On March 26, 2003 a team of international experts examined the proposals coming from all over the world. In April, the winner was announced: the swiss Herzog & De Meuron firm, which along with Arup Sport and the China Architecture Design & Research Group would deliver the full project in December 2007. [PAR] Everything was perfect, up to the last details. On June 28, 2008 a grand opening ceremony drew the curtain on this colossal stage that would for about a month put the Chinese dragon under the worlds\u2019 astonished eyes. [PAR] The myth [PAR] Creating a building of this magnitude was not an easy task. In China everything is a symbol and a reference to the past and the National Stadium in Beijing was no different. The circular shape of the building represents Heaven, and the intricate pattern was inspired by traditional Chinese \u201ccrazed\u201d pottery, which tourists can buy in the Beijing markets. From a distance this building looks like a colossal ship, but also like an immense nest and in which our minds can imagine China as a large bird that has just taken flight. [PAR] The architecture [PAR] At the beginning the stadium was designed to accommodate 80,000 spectators. Then the capacity was increased to 91,000 seatsout of which 11,000 were temporary placed on theterrace of the top floor in front of the restaurants. To build the stadium, it took 17,000 workers and 44,000 tons of steel for the structure that rises six floors above the ground. Because of Beijing\u2019s geological characteristics, the stadium was also conceived to withstand major earthquakes and has become structurally even more secure since it was decided not to proceed with a roof because of its cost. [PAR] \"Our goal was to create an architectural building that could be utilized after the 2008 Olympics,\" said the Herzog & De Meuron architect. To further celebrate the work a film was produced that narrates all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clint Eastwood - Hollywood Life Clint Eastwood - Hollywood Life [PAR] Clint Eastwood [PAR] Also Known As: Clinton Eastwood, Walt Kowalski, Tommy Nowak, Nick Pulovski, Robert Kincaid [PAR] FameFlynet [PAR] Date of Birth: May 30, 1939 [PAR] Height: 6'4\" [PAR] Hometown: San Francisco, California, United States [PAR] In a Relationship With: [PAR] Divorced [PAR] Best Quotes: [PAR] \u201cI have a very strict gun control policy: if there's a gun around, I want to be in control of it.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI think being able to age gracefully is a very important talent. It is too late for me.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThere's only one way to have a happy marriage, and as soon as I learn what it is I'll get married again.\u201d [PAR] Bio: [PAR] Clint Eastwood (born Clinton Eastwood, Jr. in San Francisco, California on May 30, 1930) is an American actor, director, producer, and politician. In his extensive career, he has appeared in more than 50 major films, acting, directing, producing, and creating music for most of his roles. Some of his standout roles include work on films True Crime, Flags of Our Fathers, The Bridges of Madison County, The Rookie, and Gran Torino. He also directed major films like Invictus, J. Edgar, Pale Rider, and Heartbreak Ridge. He won Academy Awards for both Best Director and Best Picture for Million Dollar Baby and Unforgiven. He was nominated for the same awards for Letters to Iwo Jima and Mystic River. Clint served in the United States Army during the Korean War. Clint famously gave a speech at the 2012 Republican National Convention to an empty chair, in which he pretended President Barack Obama was sitting. [PAR] Best Known For: [PAR] Clint Eastwood is best known as a film director and actor in westerns, dramas, and action films. [PAR] Personal Life: [PAR] Clint Eastwood married Maggie Johnson in 1953, just six months after meeting her on a blind date. During their marriage, he had an affair with dancer Roxanne Tunis, which resulted in the 1964 birth of his first daughter, Kimber Tunis. Clint did not publicly acknowledge Kimber until 1996. He then had two children with Maggie \u2014 Kyle and Alison Eastwood. Clint filed for separation from Maggie in 1978 but they did not divorce until 1984. Clint began a relationship with actress Sondra Locke in 1975. The pair lived together for 14 years, all while Sondra was legally married to her gay husband. Sondra had two abortions before electing to have her tubes tied. While still living with Sondra, Clint secretly had two children with flight attendant Jacelyn Reeves: Scott and Kathryn Reeves. In 1990, he began living with actress Frances Fisher. Their daughter, Frances Fisher-Eastwood, was born in 1993. After ending his relationship with Frances, Clint started dating television news anchor Dina Ruiz, who is 35 years younger than him. They got married in March 1996. The couple had one daughter together, Morgan Eastwood, in 1996. In 2013, Dina revealed that she and Clint were separated and living apart.[DOC] [TLE] Dina Eastwood files for divorce from Clint Eastwood ... Dina Eastwood files for divorce from Clint Eastwood [PAR] Dina Eastwood files for divorce from Clint Eastwood [PAR] Updated: 5:53 PM PDT Oct 23, 2013 [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] {copyShortcut} to copy Link copied! [PAR] KSBW / Amy Larson [PAR] Dina Eastwood guest anchored with Dan Green for KSBW's newscast in November. [PAR] SOURCE: KSBW / Amy Larson [PAR] Dina Eastwood files for divorce from Clint Eastwood [PAR] Updated: 5:53 PM PDT Oct 23, 2013 [PAR] Share [PAR] {copyShortcut} to copy Link copied! [PAR] CARMEL, Calif. \u2014 [PAR] Clint"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1986: Heseltine quits over Westland BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1986: Heseltine quits over Westland [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1986: Heseltine quits over Westland [PAR] The Defence Secretary, Michael Heseltine, has resigned from his Cabinet job in a row with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher over the Westland affair. [PAR] Mr Heseltine stormed out of a meeting at Number 10 today saying his views on the future of the Westland helicopter company were being ignored. [PAR] He said the final straw came when Mrs Thatcher insisted all his public comments on Westland would have to be vetted by officials before being released. [PAR] In a statement to reporters later this afternoon, Mr Heseltine said: \"If the basis of trust between the Prime Minister and her Defence Secretary no longer exists, there is no place for me with honour in such a Cabinet.\" [PAR] The row over the company's future has split the Cabinet. [PAR] Mr Heseltine was alone among ministers backing a European consortium's rescue package - while Mrs Thatcher favoured the deal being proposed by the American Sikorski Fiat group. [PAR] Replacement [PAR] Mr Heseltine - with the backing of the Defence committee - claimed the European deal, which was initially worth more financially, could form the basis of a strong arms industry to rival the Americans. [PAR] Critics claimed the orders were based on aircraft still in the design stage. [PAR] Westland's directors are urging shareholders to back the Sikorski package. [PAR] The American group has now offered to match the European offer. [PAR] Its orders are also seen as more secure, because they are linked to aircraft already in production. [PAR] Mrs Thatcher has appointed George Younger to replace Mr Heseltine as Defence Secretary. Malcolm Rifkind will take over the vacant role of Secretary of State for Scotland. [PAR] Mr Heseltine's sensational departure from his Cabinet role is bound to fuel rumours that he is aiming for the top job, as Conservative party leader."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aswang - Cryptid Wiki - Wikia Aswang | Cryptid Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Artist's rendering of an Aswang [PAR] \"Aswang\" is a generic term applied to all types of witches, vampires, manananggals, shapeshifters, werebeasts [PAR] Aswang stories and definitions vary greatly from region to region and person to person, and no particular set of characteristics can be ascribed to the term. However, the term is mostly used interchangeably with manananggal and are also usually depicted as female. [PAR] Appearance and activities [PAR] The wide variety of descriptions in the aswang stories make it difficult to settle upon a fixed definition of aswang appearances or activities. However, several common themes that differentiate aswangs from other mythological creatures do emerge: Aswangs are shapeshifters. Stories recount aswangs living as regular townspeople. As regular townspeople, they are quiet, shy and elusive. At night, they transform into creatures such as a cat, pig, bird, or most often, a dog. They enjoy eating unborn fetuses and small children, favoring livers and hearts. Some have long proboscises, which they use to suck the children out of their mothers' wombs or their homes. Some are so thin that they can hide themselves behind a bamboo post. They are fast and silent. Some also make noises, like the Tik-Tik, (the name was derived from the sound it produces) which are louder the further away the aswang is, to confuse its potential victim; and the Bubuu, an aggressive kind of aswang that makes a sound of a laying hen at midnight. They may also replace their live victims or stolen cadavers with doppelgangers made from tree trunks or other plant materials. This facsimile will return to the victim's home, only to become sick and die. An aswang will also have bloodshot eyes, the result of staying up all night searching for houses where wakes are held to steal the bodies. [PAR] Artist's rendering of an Aswang [PAR] Kinds of Aswang [PAR] Manananggal (means \"The Remover\" in Tagalog) - a woman who is normal by day and by night detaches her torso and sprouts bat wings and eats unborn fetuses. [PAR] Tik-tik (sometimes known as Wak-wak) - Giant humanoid crows who belong to witches (or \"magkukulam\"). To stop them, one must remove the crow that is inside of their stomachs. [PAR] Busaw - resembles human in appearance and behavior. They are corpse thieves/grave robbers. It dwells in cemeteries, sometimes steals fresh corpses from funerals or tragic accidents like car crashes etc. Their weakness is salt. [PAR] Bubuu - aswang with bloodshot eyes that makes the sound of a laying hen at night. [PAR] Aswang Festival [PAR] On October 29 to 30, 2004, Capiz inaugurated the Aswang Festival, organized by a nongovernmental group Dugo Capiznon, Incorporated. It was a Halloween-like Fiesta as a prelude to All Souls Day and All Saints Day festivals. It was, however, condemned by the Catholic hierarchy and some local officials, as an act of adoring the devil. When former Capiz Gov. Vicente Bermejo assumed office as mayor of Roxas City in July 2007, the controversial festival was stopped. [PAR] Canada's High Banks Entertainment Ltd.\u2019s filmmaker Jordan Clark, 36, traveled to Capiz to film a documentary entitled Aswang: A Journey Into Myth (shot entirely in Victoria, British Columbia\u2019s downtown). The Docu-Movie/suspense film stars Filipina-Canadian stage actress Janice Santos Valdez, with a special appearance of Maricel Soriano. The documentary's proceeds will help raise funds to help restore power in Olotayan Island, Roxas City and support patients of dystonia parkinsonism in Capiz. Capiz has the highest prevalence at 21.94/100,000 cases, which translates to one for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russian log house - Do it house Dacha house in Russia [PAR] Traditional log houses & log cabins in Russia [PAR] Old time Russian log houses and log cabins photo gallery [PAR] Real Russian architecture is not a cityline of uninspiring, grey concrete apartment buildings, built by Soviets for Soviet people. Real Russia is different. At least - it was different. It is still possible to find some old log houses built in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries in any part of Russia. Unfortunatly most of old log houses are abandoned or not properly cared. So these traditional wooden houses are disappearing from the Russian landscape. [PAR] Old log houses and log huts or cabins (in Russian - 'Izba') play an important role in Russian architecture and design. Russian log hut or cabin means simple one- or 1\u00bd-story structure. There were little change in a simple rectangular floor plan design and design of steep, chalet-style roofs since the Viking time in Russia. Walls are built by placing logs one onto another with interlockes (joints) at corners. There are about 50 traditional Russian types of log house corner joints. Traditionally logs are cut in late fall or at the winter beginning. Than left on ground with ventilation space stickers till late spring to let frost reduce wood moisture content. Russian preferred to build the log house from chopped rough-hewn logs of pine, spruce and larch. Russians never used old trees, dead trees, trees from crossroads and from teh abandoned roads for log house construction. These trees \"had got bad energy\" and can harm home and people. Most of woodworks were done with axe only with little or no stone, metal, or glass. [PAR] Russian log house means somewhat more finished, more architecturally sophisticated than a simple log cabin. Log house walls are carefully handcrafted or mashine milled, painted or covered with wooden siding planks. Russian log cabin is a a smaller, more rustic log house. [PAR] Photos: \u00a9 Andrew Dachnick . [PAR] All photos (Full HD wallpaper downloads) are licensed for free private non-commercial use. [PAR] Traditional Russian Izba (log house) as a part of XIX century farmstead reconstruction in Estonian Folk museum. Both log cabin interior and exterior are of split pine tree logs. In older times the gap between hewn logs were traditionally filled with river clay to prevent wind and water penetration. [PAR] Traditional old time Russian village view in Vitoslavitsy Russian Wood houses and churches museum in Novgorod. The wooden crane Russian shadoof ('Zuravl') is a part of water well system. [PAR] Traditional Russian log houses are decorated by various special architectural features, such as platband and shutters wood carving. Glasses appeared in cabin's windows only since XIX-th century. [PAR] Windows in Russian cabins were small to minimize heat loss. The solar symbolism in wood cut roofing decoration was popular since the pagan times. [PAR] Russian log house roofs were wooden, plank, or made of wooden shingles. [PAR] Before the XVII century roofs were covered with 5-9 layers of birch bark and turf, like in Norway. [PAR] Old Russain log barn. Barns may be used for equipment storage, as a covered workplace and for threshing. [PAR] Old logs (about 300 years old) are still in good shape. [PAR] Log houses in Russia are decorated with woodcut trim around the windows. The woodcut is unique in style and design with each Russian province. Every woodcut symbol serves to protect the home and homeowners from evil spirits with the symbolic magic power. [PAR] Russian log cabin living room interior with the Red corner, located across"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles F. Muntz - Disney Wiki - Wikia Charles F. Muntz | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Charles F. Muntz is a famous explorer admired by Carl Fredricksen and his wife Ellie as children, and the main antagonist of Disney/ Pixar 's 2009 film Up . In the movie, he found the bones of a tropical bird in South America but the scientific community claimed they were fake. Insulted, Muntz searches the South American wilderness for a live member of the same bird species, traveling in a zeppelin with his many pet dogs, whom he equips with special collars he invented that enable them to speak. They are lead by Alpha and his assistants Beta and Gamma . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Physical Description [PAR] Charles F. Muntz has white hair. He wears a white dirty short-sleeved shirt with a brown winter jacket. He wears tan pants and brown shoes and carries a cane. His eyes are aqua. He also has a mustache. [PAR] Personality [PAR] At the peak of his career, Muntz was a charismatic, smart and daring young man whose spirit inspired countless fans to look for adventure. However, Muntz's quest for the bird that caused his disgrace destroyed him, as his search turned to obsession. Now a ghost of his former self, he became a heartless man, consumed by bitterness, paranoid to the extreme, and convinced that anyone who comes across him is after the bird. It is implied he killed two explorers already, and was intending to do the same with Russell and Carl . It is shown that Muntz's obsession is such that he doesn't care anymore for the rest of his collection, showing no hesitation to destroy some of his unique specimens when trying to take down Carl. [PAR] Muntz largely serves as parallel to Carl. He was a man broken because he lived obsessed with his former existence and desperately trying to relive it at any cost, showing what Carl could have become, had he not learned to accept loss and move on with his life. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Up [PAR] Charles F. Muntz was a renowned explorer and entrepreneur while Carl and Ellie were children. He often traveled in his zeppelin, \"The Spirit of Adventure\", with his many canine companions. Thanks to Muntz's own ingenuity, he crafted many devices in his dirigible to make his life and his dogs as comfortable as possible. He also created the communicators in their collars later so they could be able to talk to each other. [PAR] During one eventful return from Paradise Falls in South America, Muntz reveals an astonishing discovery\u2014the skeleton of \"The Monster of Paradise Falls\". Scientists, however, believed the skeleton was a fabrication and Muntz was publicly disgraced. He vowed to capture the creature alive and not return to the United States until he did. [PAR] Almost seventy years later, he is all but forgotten on the mainland, but his sole focus is to finally capture the rare bird. He apparently discovers where it hides, a monstrous rocky labyrinth, but can't go in himself and claims to have lost many of his dogs when he sent them in to capture the bird. The time he has spent alone and concentrating only on his mission has made him extremely paranoid and dangerous. It is hinted that he has murdered other visitors to Paradise Falls whom he thinks were after the bird. [PAR] Later in the film he meets up with Carl and Russell and invites them over to his zeppelin for dinner, telling them of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] convallaria majalis Lily Of The Valley, European lily of ... convallaria majalis Lily Of The Valley, European lily of the valley PFAF Plant Database [PAR] Bloom Color: White. Main Bloom Time: Late spring, Mid spring. Form: Spreading or horizontal. [PAR] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:390_Convallaria_majalis.jpg [PAR] Physical Characteristics [PAR] [PAR] convallaria majalis is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.2 m (0ft 8in) by 0.3 m (1ft) at a fast rate. [PAR] It is hardy to zone (UK) 3 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from May to June, and the seeds ripen in October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, flies, self.The plant is self-fertile. [PAR] It is noted for attracting wildlife. [PAR] Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay and nutritionally poor soils. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry moist or wet soil. [PAR] Synonyms [PAR] Convallaria bracteata. Convallaria fragrans. Convallaria latifolia. Polygonatum majale. [PAR] Habitats [PAR] Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade; Shady Edge; not Deep Shade; Ground Cover; Bog Garden; [PAR] Edible Uses [PAR] A wine can be prepared from the flowers, mixed with raisins[183]. [PAR] Medicinal Uses [PAR] Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. [PAR] Laxative ; Poultice ; Sedative . [PAR] Lily of the valley has a long and proven reputation in herbal medicine in the treatment of heart complaints. It contains the glycosides convallarin and convallamarin which are powerful cardiac tonics and diuretics and are also used in allopathic medicine[244]. However, because of the plants potential toxic properties it should never be used without expert advice[9]. All parts of the plant are antispasmodic, cardiotonic, strongly diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, laxative and sedative[4, 7, 9, 21, 46, 165, 222, 254]. The plant is usually harvested when in flower and can be dried for later use[4], though it is stronger acting when fresh[238]. The inflorescence is said to be the most active medicinally and is often harvested separately[4]. An infusion of the flowers and roots is a digitalis substitute (obtained from Digitalis species), though less powerful, that is especially useful in the treatment of valvula heart diseases, cardiac debility, dropsy and chronic lung problems such as emphysema[4, 222, 254]. Lily of the valley encourages the heart to beat more slowly, regularly and efficiently, at the same time it is strongly diuretic, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure[254]. Its effect is less cumulative than digitalis which makes it safer for elderly patients[238]. It is often prescribed combined with the fruits of Crataegus spp[238]. An ointment made from the roots is used in the treatment of burns and to prevent scar tissue[222]. The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Convallaria majalis : Lily Of The Valley for arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency, nervous heart complaints (see [302] for critics of commission E). [PAR] Other Uses [PAR] Dye ; Essential . [PAR] An essential oil is obtained from the flowers[46, 171]. It is used in perfumery and for snuff[238]. A green dye is obtained from the leaves in spring[13, 14, 115]. A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves in autumn[14]. Plants can be grown as a ground cover in woodland shade or in a shrubbery[200, 208]. As a garden ornamental it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [PAR] Cultivation details [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blinky, Inky, Pinky, and Clyde: A small onomastic study Blinky, Inky, Pinky, and Clyde: A small onomastic study [PAR] Blinky, Inky, Pinky, and Clyde: A small onomastic study [PAR] 2008-10-23 15:10:06\u00b7 6 minute read \u00b7 Ashley Davis [PAR] 0 [PAR] Have you ever stopped in the middle of playing a game to think about why someone or something was given a certain name? The answer is most likely no. The gamer's mind is too busy being assaulted by how things appear and story text to be able to give things such as a character's name or the label given to a specific potion a second thought. [PAR] But if one were to look a little deeper, the titles given to people, places and things in video games can turn out to be very important tools that aid in the understanding and conquering of whatever game is laid out before you. Not only that, but they can serve as a tie between the player and his character, especially if he is given the option to name his character. And in the case of older games, they might be the only means of identification, due to old hardware's inability to give objects much visual detail. [PAR] There are many instances in which a second thought on the matter is undeserved. Items can have unimaginitive names, such as \"sword\", \"bat\", or \"hero\". But other times, there can be a of thought put into a given title. A great example of this can be found in the arcade classic Pac-Man. [PAR] The names of the four ghost enemies are some of the most widely recognizable names in gaming history, but these famous monikers are merely nicknames. As displayed on the introductory screen, the ghosts' real names are Shadow, Speedy, Bashful, and Pokey. But these names are so simple, what signifigance could they possibly contain? A lot more than you would think. [PAR] You are logged out. Login | Sign up [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The spectres may appear to behave in the exact same way, but they have their own unique personalities and behaviors. This defines who each ghost is and helps explain their different approaches towards Pac-Man. All of this information can be found within their names. [PAR] That being said, Clyde's name is actually a little bit misleading. Pokey suggests sluggish movement (\"to poke around\"), but his speed isn't much different than that of the other ghosts. To delve deeper into his personality, we must also look at his Japanese title. Overseas, he is known as Otoboke, which translates to something like \"stupid\" or \"dopey\"; while Americans would have likely thought a character named Stupid to be unnecessarily mean, the name does fit the bill a whole lot better. Pokey is not slow as he navigates the maze, but slow-thinking. [PAR] Paying close attention to the way that Clyde moves about each maze, you will begin to realize that he is not at all in hot pursuit of the enemy. He goes where he pleases, not even really giving chase if he happens to accidentally stumble upon Pac-Man's location. Because of his disinterest in engaging the enemy, it can be assumed that perhaps he does not feel dislike towards Pac-Man as the other ghosts seem to. Or, he could just be too dim to really care one way or the other. Clyde is truly the idiot of the group, and the ghost to be least worried about. [PAR] An odd note about Clyde was that while the other ghosts kept their original names for Ms. Pac-Man, he was renamed Sue in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jacob's Creek Reserve Shiraz 2008 - Reverse Wine Snob\u00ae Jacob's Creek Reserve Shiraz - An Aussie Through and Through \u2022 Reverse Wine Snob\u00ae [PAR] Jacob\u2019s Creek Reserve Shiraz \u2013 An Aussie Through and Through [PAR] March 15, 2012 [PAR] By Jon Thorsen [PAR] Shiraz from Barossa, South Australia. [PAR] SRP of $13 and available widely for around $10. Sample received courtesy Pernod Ricard USA for review purposes. [PAR] From the bottle: [PAR] \u201cFor this wine we reserved selected parcels of grapes grown in the Barossa region in South Australia, a region famous for producing high quality Shiraz wines. Here the warm days and cool nights allow for optimal development of intense flavor and complexity. [PAR] 2008 Jacob\u2019s Creek Reserve Shiraz exhibits typical regional characteristics with fruitcake and plum aromas with a hint of spice and oak. The palate has complex flavors of mulberry, plum, chocolate and spice with excellent fruit length. [PAR] Excellent drinking now and will continue to improve over the next five to ten years. [PAR] 14.5% Alcohol\u201d [PAR] With all the hype around Argentina lately you may have forgotten about Australia. Don\u2019t. Australia has been producing some fabulous and at times even innovative wine in the under $20 category, and as such, this is definitely a country that should be on your list if you\u2019re trying to stay in a reasonable wine budget. Today\u2019s wine comes from the largest Australian brand, one that was started in the mid-1800s, Jacob\u2019s Creek. We will be reviewing a total of four wines from their Reserve line \u2013 a Pinot Noir and Chardonnay from Adelaide Hills, a Cabernet Sauvignon from Coonawara and today\u2019s selection, a Shiraz from Barossa. (There is also a non-reserve line so shop carefully.) [PAR] The 2008 Jacob\u2019s Creek Reserve Barossa Shiraz begins with delightful aromas of plum, black cherry, pepper, spice and vanilla. There are even notes of banana in this complex and well integrated bouquet. The wine tastes of lots of jammy fruit balanced by a good amount of spice. The Jacob\u2019s Creek Reserve is very silky smooth and does indeed have lots of character. There\u2019s a little bit of oak evident, but it does not detract. It ends with a good medium length finish that features a hint of cinnamon and nutmeg. This one might even be better on day 2. An excellent wine that should find a spot in the next Top 10 list! [PAR] Buy this wine online from our featured sponsor Marketview Liquor or see a listing of local retailers selling this wine here . [PAR] Taste Rating: 8 Cost Rating: 8 [PAR] Overall Rating: 8.0[DOC] [TLE] Jacob's Creek - Great Australian Value Wines Value Shiraz or Syrah Recommendations for Under $15 [PAR] 1. Shoofly Shiraz (Australia) $12 [PAR] A stunning red wine, especially for the price! This is a terrific shiraz to have on hand for an evening meal, an after work party or as a hostess gift. Delightful from the bright red cherry and mocha start to the minty eucalyptus on the seamless finish! More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Prevent Your Cutting Board from Sliding [PAR] Jaboulet. Jaboulet [PAR] 2. Jaboulet Cotes du Rhone \"Parallele 45\" Rouge (FR) $12 [PAR] The Jaboulet Cotes du Rhone \"Parallel 45\" (buy direct) is a consistent Grenache-Syrah based blend year in and year out. The 2006 vintage has plenty of palate appeal, with cherry and blackberry dominating the fruit profile and an attractive smoke and earth contingent supporting the fruit. You can expect beautiful balance, subtle, silky tannins and a nice smooth finish. This is a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celebrating National Dog Day with 13 Favourite Fictional ... Celebrating National Dog Day with 13 Favourite Fictional Dogs \u2013 Better Reading [PAR] Contact [PAR] Celebrating National Dog Day with 13 Favourite Fictional Dogs [PAR] It\u2019s National Dog Day in Australia this Wednesday, 26th August. To celebrate we look at some our favourite fictional hounds\u2026 [PAR] Lassie Come-Home by Eric Knight [PAR] Who hasn\u2019t sobbed their heart out watching one of the popular Lassie movies? But before her movie incarnation, Lassie was a beloved collie in the 1940 book by Eric Knight. In the original \u2013Lassie Come Home \u2013 Lassie has to be sold when Joe\u2019s father loses his job. The amazing Lassie escapes and finds her way home three times before she is taken to a remote part of Scotland\u2026 [PAR] The Call of the Wild by Jack London [PAR] Formerly a pet dog with a nice life, poor Buck is kidnapped and forced into a life of hardship as a sled dog in the harsh 1890s Gold Rush. The classic tale of how he must fight for his survival in the wild. [PAR] The Eye of the Sheep by Sofie Laguna [PAR] Of course fictional dogs don\u2019t only make their appearance in the classics \u2013 loving dogs have universal appeal and in this year\u2019s Miles Franklin-winning The Eye of the Sheep, difficult child Jimmy Flick bonds with his uncles\u2019s dog, Ned. [PAR] Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens [PAR] And not all fictional dogs are cute and cuddly either. One of Dickens\u2019 darkest characters, the frightening, drunken villain Bill Sykes owns an English Bull Terrier, Bulls Eye. Before Bill drowns his girlfriend Nancy, he viciously beats the pitiable Bulls Eye. [PAR] Cujo by Stephen King [PAR] Stephen King in classic horror mode when a good-natured family dog, a St. Bernard, is bitten by a rabid bat and goes mad. Poor old Cujo then goes on a murderous rampage. [PAR] Harry Potter and the Philosopher\u2019s Stone by J.K. Rowling [PAR] Hagrid\u2019s massive boarhound, Fang, is not as scary as he looks and accompanies Hagrid as well as other Potter characters on their adventures through the Forbidden Forest. Fluffy the three-headed dog is far more frightening. [PAR] Marley and Me by John Grogan [PAR] A New York Times bestseller, Marley and Me is an autobiographical book about the writer\u2019s golden labrador retriever, Marley, \u2018the world\u2019s worst dog\u2019. [PAR] Famous Five by Enid Blyton [PAR] Anyone who loved the Famous Five will remember George\u2019s loyal dog Timmy, a mongrel who doesn\u2019t like ginger beer and a key member of the intrepid Five. [PAR] The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum [PAR] Who couldn\u2019t love small but brave Toto who gives the Wicked Witch of the West a good telling (yapping) off? [PAR] Clifford the Big Red Dog by Norman Bridwell [PAR] The runt of the litter, Clifford was chosen by a city child Emily Elizabeth as a Christmas present. First published in 1963, the big red dog is still going strong. He\u2019s sweet and lovely, but sometimes his size gets him into trouble. [PAR] Tintin by Herg\u00e9 [PAR] The white wire fox terrier Snowy is the faithful companion of Belgian cartoonist Herg\u00e9\u2019s creation Tintin and is central to the little guy\u2019s adventures. [PAR] Peter Pan by J.M. Barrie [PAR] The children\u2019s faithful nurse, the dog Nana, was said to be inspired by J.M. Barrie\u2019s own dog, a St. Bernard called Porthos. [PAR] The 101 Dalmatians by Dodie Smith [PAR] Long before the Disney movies, the black and white puppies were immortalised in the 1956 children\u2019s book by Dodie Smith."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is London Bridge? - Florida News Flash Where is London Bridge? - Florida News Flash [PAR] Where is London Bridge? [PAR] Written by Samuel M. McCall on [PAR] May 4, 2015 [PAR] Who was Ty Cobb? What history got wrong. April 22, 2016 [PAR] London Bridge is a bridge that spanned the River Thames in London, England.The 1831 bridge was dismantled in 1967 and moved to Lake Havasu City, Arizona in the United States. The Arizona bridge was built using reinforced concrete and then the original masonry of the 1830\u2019s bridge was wrapped around the structure. [PAR] The bridge was bought by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London as a marketing ploy to attract buyers to his planned retirement community in Lake Havasu City. [PAR] McCulloch had the exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and then transported to America where it was reassembled over a canal that would then link an island in the Colorado River with Lake Havasu City. The reassembly of the bridge was completed in 1971. [PAR] The original construction of the 1831 London Bridge was the last project of famed engineer John Rennie and was finished by his son, John Rennie the Younger. [PAR] Buying London Bridge was first mentioned to McCulloch by his real estate agent, Robert Plumer, who had heard the bridge was for sale and convinced McCulloch to buy it. Plumer\u2019s reasoning was that it would attract potential land buyers. [PAR] McCulloch\u2019s initial response was, \u201cThat\u2019s the craziest idea I have ever heard,\u201d but after much thought and consideration, decided the idea might have merit and proceeded to pursue the purchase. [PAR] The bridge facing stones were disassembled in London. The 1831 London Bridge eventually arrived at the Port of Houston in the United States. It was then transported overland to Lake Havasu City. In September of 1968, the foundation stone was re-laid by the Lord Mayor of London, Sir Gilbert Inglefield. [PAR] The bridge was reconstructed in just over 3 years. [PAR] London Bridge in 1972, showing the canal [PAR] As Robert Plumer predicted, prospective buyers came to see London Bridge and tour the properties for sale. Property sales steadily improved and \u201cthe craziest idea\u201d McCulloch had \u201cever heard\u201d ended up being one of the best investments he ever made.[DOC] [TLE] London Bridge - Infoplease London Bridge [PAR] Encyclopedia > Places > Britain, Ireland, France, and the Low Countries > British and Irish Physical Geography [PAR] London Bridge [PAR] London Bridge, granite, five-arched bridge formerly over the Thames, in London, England. It is 928 ft (283 m) long and was designed by John Rennie and built between 1824 and 1831. The early wooden bridge (963\u201375) was replaced (1176\u20131209) by a stone bridge with houses and a chapel. The buildings were removed from 1756 to 1762. The bridge was many times damaged by fire and was finally removed in 1832 after the opening of a new bridge in 1831. In 1968, London Bridge was dismantled and purchased by Lake Havasu City, Ariz. In 1973 a new concrete bridge replaced the old one. London Bridge was the only bridge over the Thames in London until the construction (1739\u201350) of Westminster Bridge. [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football - Summer Olympic Sport Football - Summer Olympic Sport [PAR] Football [PAR] Singapore 2010 adopts new sport formats [PAR] 12 Aug 2010 [PAR] Football has its roots in ancient China, while the modern version of the game began on the streets of medieval England before evolving into the most popular sport in the world. [PAR] Medieval origins [PAR] Modern football has its origins in the streets of medieval England. Neighbouring towns would play each other in games where a heaving mass of players would struggle to drag a pig\u2019s bladder by any means possible to markers at either end of town. [PAR] A royal ban [PAR] Football became so violent in England it was banned by the king for more than 300 years. English public schools are credited with subsequently establishing the modern football codes, thus turning the mob riot into a sport in the 16th century. [PAR] Olympic history [PAR] Football first appeared on the programme of the Games of the II Olympiad, Paris 1900. It has been on the programme of each edition of the Games ever since, with the exception of Los Angeles 1932. [PAR] Europe dominated the competition until after 1992 in Barcelona, where Spain became the last European team to win a gold medal. Since the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, African and South American teams have won all the gold medals. [PAR] Also in 1996, women\u2019s football was introduced into the Olympic programme. Three times, the USA has been on the highest step of the podium - in 1996, in 2004 in Athens and in 2008 in Beijing. But this team was beaten by the Norwegians in the final of the 2000 Games in Sydney."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Signals, Issue 89 by Australian National Maritime Museum ... Signals, Issue 89 by Australian National Maritime Museum - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] December November 2009 February 2010 Number 89 [PAR] December 2009 to February 2010 Number 89 [PAR] Contents [PAR] Signals 2 [PAR] 2 Mythic Creatures: Dragons, Unicorns & Mermaids The fantastic creatures that populate human belief, storytelling, music, literature and art [PAR] 10 Omai relics from the Furneaux collection Three 18th-century artefacts of impeccable provenance, from Cook\u2019s second voyage [PAR] 10 [PAR] 16 Weapons of the Boxer uprising Arms associated with an Imperial adventure [PAR] 21 Members events Talks, tours, cruises, seminars, children\u2019s events \u2026 summer calendar for Members [PAR] 26 What\u2019s on Summer exhibitions, events and activities for visitors [PAR] 32 [PAR] A special place to tie the knot [PAR] 30 Sail on Endeavour in 2010 Get afloat on the replica of Cook\u2019s famous ship [PAR] 32 The floating world of Cambodia Our exclusive overseas tour casts a maritime light on the world-renowned temples of Angkor [PAR] 34 Whaling linked our nations [PAR] 34 [PAR] An essay by the first USA Gallery Fellowship holder [PAR] 40 Tales from the Welcome Wall Hazem El Masri, Aussie football legend from war-torn Beirut [PAR] 42 Collections The museum\u2019s unique venues, sweeping city skyline, water views and fine catering will make your wedding day one to remember! Drinks on destroyer Vampire \u2026 dinner for 150 in the elegant Terrace Room ... harbourside Yots Caf\u00e9 \u2026 or up to 300 in our North Wharf marquee (mid-November to mid-December). Award-winning Bayleaf Catering is renowned for innovation, quality menus and fine service delivery. [PAR] 02 9298 3649 email venues@anmm.gov.au www.anmm.gov.au/venues [PAR] cover: Detail from a sequined Voudou flag from Haiti, showing the mermaid Lasir\u00e9n, a water spirit popular in the Caribbean Islands and parts of the Americas. It\u2019s part of the lively travelling exhibition Mythic Creatures: Dragons, Unicorns & Mermaids opening here for the summer and autumn. The exhibition was organised by the American Museum of Natural History, New York (www.amnh.org) in collaboration with the Australian National Maritime Museum and leading North American institutions. Photographer D Finnin, reproduced courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History [PAR] Emden the movie with a German viewpoint [PAR] 42 [PAR] 44 Reading The Female Shipwright; winner of 2009 Frank Broeze maritime history book prize [PAR] 46 Currents Intern from New Caledonia; harourside events [PAR] 48 Bearings From the director [PAR] Mythic creatures [PAR] left: Stories of the vampire-like Chupacabra (\u2018goat sucker\u2019 in Spanish) emerged from a wave of alleged sightings by Puerto Rican farmers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It has entered popular American culture. opposite: The Caribbean mermaid Lasir\u00e9n depicted on a Voudou flag from Haiti. The name Lasir\u00e9n comes from the French sir\u00e8ne, meaning siren or mermaid, after the bird-women of ancient Greek mythology who lured sailors with song. All photographs by D Finnin, reproduced courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History, unless otherwise credited. [PAR] Dragons, Unicorns & Mermaids For thousands of years, fantastic mythical creatures have appeared in human beliefs, storytelling, music, literature and art. We worked with the American Museum of Natural History to develop an international travelling exhibition investigating the origins and evolution of these powerful images, revealing how they continue to thrill, terrify, entertain and enchant us today. [PAR] Major sponsor [PAR] 2 [PAR] Signals 89 December 2009\u2013February 2010 [PAR] Since people first started telling stories, mythical creatures \u2013 from fire-breathing dragons, magical unicorns and mesmerising mermaids to the soaring phoenix or the one-eyed Cyclops \u2013 have captured the human imagination. Some symbolise danger and fear"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George & Mildred (TV Series 1976\u20131979) - IMDb George & Mildred (TV Series 1976\u20131979) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] George and Mildred Roper are forced to leave their home in South Kensington (as the landlords in Man About the House (1973)) when they receive a compulsory purchase order from the council. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] George is not happy. Not only has Oscar the budgie died but Mildred has donated all his gardening magazines to the vicar for the local church jumble sale,on the basis that George never does any ... [PAR] 7.9 [PAR] Jeffrey is directing the neighbourhood's Christmas pantomime - 'Cinderella' - and Mildred is only too happy to be playing one of the Ugly Sisters. Unfortunately on the opening night she loses her ... [PAR] 7.9 [PAR] Mildred is not happy about George mending his motor-bike in the house but when Ann goes into labour with Jeffrey away in Birmingham and no chance of a mini-cab it comes in handy for rushing her to ... [PAR] 7.9 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 23 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 10 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 19 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" George & Mildred \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Title: George & Mildred (1976\u20131979) [PAR] 7.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Finally the house that Robin, Chris and Jo share a flat in is demolished an two spin offs are made - Robin's Nest and George & Minded (Mr & Mrs Roper). [PAR] Stars: Richard O'Sullivan, Paula Wilcox, Sally Thomsett [PAR] Now a qualified chef, Robin from \"Man About the House\" (1973) sets up home with his girlfriend, and a business with his girlfriend's father. [PAR] Stars: Richard O'Sullivan, Tessa Wyatt, Tony Britton [PAR] Mildred decides that she and George will celebrate their anniversary at a posh London hotel - whatever the cost. However, a shady businessman mistakes George for a hit man. [PAR] Director: Peter Frazer-Jones [PAR] Bless This House centres on life in Birch Avenue, Putney, where travelling stationery salesman Sid Abbott (Sidney James) and his wife Jean (Diana Coupland) live with their teenagers: Mike (... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Sidney James, Diana Coupland, Sally Geeson [PAR] Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives home from serving in the Army to discover that Bob is about to marry his girlfriend Thelma. Can Thelma lead... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Brigit Forsyth [PAR] A working-class Cockney bigot with a biased and expirienced opinion of everything shares them bluntly and almost carelessly. [PAR] Stars: Warren Mitchell, Anthony Booth, Una Stubbs [PAR] Albert Steptoe and his son Harold are junk dealers, complete with horse and cart to tour the neighbourhood. They also live amicably together at the junk yard. But Harold, who likes the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Cliff Owen [PAR] Jack-the-lad bus driver and conductor Stan and Jack"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Pygmalion : Characters SparkNotes: Pygmalion: Characters [PAR] SparkNotes [PAR] Summary [PAR] Act I [PAR] Professor Henry Higgins - Henry Higgins is a professor of phonetics who plays Pygmalion to Eliza Doolittle's Galatea. He is the author of Higgins' Universal Alphabet, believes in concepts like visible speech, and uses all manner of recording and photographic material to document his phonetic subjects, reducing people and their dialects into what he sees as readily understandable units. He is an unconventional man, who goes in the opposite direction from the rest of society in most matters. Indeed, he is impatient with high society, forgetful in his public graces, and poorly considerate of normal social niceties--the only reason the world has not turned against him is because he is at heart a good and harmless man. His biggest fault is that he can be a bully. [PAR] Eliza Doolittle - \"She is not at all a romantic figure.\" So is she introduced in Act I. Everything about Eliza Doolittle seems to defy any conventional notions we might have about the romantic heroine. When she is transformed from a sassy, smart-mouthed kerbstone flower girl with deplorable English, to a (still sassy) regal figure fit to consort with nobility, it has less to do with her innate qualities as a heroine than with the fairy-tale aspect of the transformation myth itself. In other words, the character of Eliza Doolittle comes across as being much more instrumental than fundamental. The real (re-)making of Eliza Doolittle happens after the ambassador's party, when she decides to make a statement for her own dignity against Higgins' insensitive treatment. This is when she becomes, not a duchess, but an independent woman; and this explains why Higgins begins to see Eliza not as a mill around his neck but as a creature worthy of his admiration. [PAR] Colonel Pickering - Colonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit, is a match for Higgins (although somewhat less obsessive) in his passion for phonetics. But where Higgins is a boorish, careless bully, Pickering is always considerate and a genuinely gentleman. He says little of note in the play, and appears most of all to be a civilized foil to Higgins' barefoot, absentminded crazy professor. He helps in the Eliza Doolittle experiment by making a wager of it, saying he will cover the costs of the experiment if Higgins does indeed make a convincing duchess of her. However, while Higgins only manages to teach Eliza pronunciations, it is Pickering's thoughtful treatment towards Eliza that teaches her to respect herself. [PAR] Alfred Doolittle - Alfred Doolittle is Eliza's father, an elderly but vigorous dustman who has had at least six wives and who \"seems equally free from fear and conscience.\" When he learns that his daughter has entered the home of Henry Higgins, he immediately pursues to see if he can get some money out of the circumstance. His unique brand of rhetoric, an unembarrassed, unhypocritical advocation of drink and pleasure (at other people's expense), is amusing to Higgins. Through Higgins' joking recommendation, Doolittle becomes a richly endowed lecturer to a moral reform society, transforming him from lowly dustman to a picture of middle class morality--he becomes miserable. Throughout, Alfred is a scoundrel who is willing to sell his daughter to make a few pounds, but he is one of the few unaffected characters in the play, unmasked by appearance or language. Though scandalous, his speeches are honest. At points, it even seems that he might be Shaw's voice piece of social criticism (Alfred's proletariat status, given Shaw's socialist leanings, makes the prospect all the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Retriever brings back the 'ultimate prize' by winning Best ... Retriever brings back the 'ultimate prize' by winning Best in Show at Crufts | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] It had been a claw-biting few days for dogs and owners alike, but after much jumping through hoops (and over fences), a flatcoated retriever has been crowned Best In Show at Crufts. [PAR] Sh Ch Vbos The Kentuckian, or Jet to his friends, shook off competition from 21,422 other dogs at the four-day show in England last night. [PAR] Around 138,000 people piled into Birmingham's NEC arena to watch as Jet and breeder Jim Irvine, from Edinburgh, were presented with the prestigious trophy, which was almost the same size as the dog. [PAR] Top dog: Jet, a flatcoated retriever, beat more than 20,000 others to win Best in Show 2011 at Crufts [PAR] Mr Irvine said winning Crufts was the 'ultimate prize'. [PAR] 'There have been lots of good dogs here over the last four days but he has a very happy and outgoing personality and it shows in the ring.' [PAR] Jet\u2019s thrilled owner, Iain Ross said: 'I am over the moon, I can\u2019t believe it. It\u2019s a lifetime achievement, it\u2019s wonderful.' [PAR] Once round: Jet and breeder, Jim Irvine, from Scotland, take to the ring to impress the judges [PAR] Last minute nerves: A Standard Poodle waits to be groomed back stage on the final day of the four-day event [PAR] Jet had won the Best Gundog category before becoming top dog at the show, now in its 120th year. [PAR] Runner-up went to Jilly, a Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen from Oxfordshire, winner of the Best Hound group. [PAR] Also competing for the title were: German Shepherd Elmo, who won the pastoral group; Boxer Max, who won the Working Group; and Wire Fox Terrier Henry, who won the Best Terrier category; Theo, a Standard Poodle, who took first place in the Utility group; and Eric, a Bishon Frise which won the Toy category. [PAR] Well heeled: Weimaraners stand poised for the scrutiny of judges in the parade ring for the Gun Dogs section on the first day of the annual show [PAR] Shampoo and setter: A lady poses with her Red Setter at the show, left, while a group of Lhasa Apso dogs line up to be judged [PAR] Touch up: A leonberger dog looks on as its owner applies lipstick in the stalls on the second day of the show [PAR] The show was not without its controversy though. Julie Evans, from North-West Wales caused a stir when The Kennel Club agreed to let her show her 'mongrel' dalmatian Fiona. [PAR] Fiona, a dalmatian and pointer crossbreed, was imported from Nevada last summer. [PAR] Mrs Evans, who has bred dalmatians for 30 years had been concerned about the health problems which afflict British dalmatians as they carry a mutant gene which makes them prone to a potentially fatal chemical imbalance that affects the urinary system. [PAR] Mop with a mouth: A Komondor dog shakes its thang in the ring during the annual show [PAR] You barkin' at me? A Weimaraner has a natter over his pink be-towelled fence at the show [PAR] Dotty determination: Fiona, second dog from the right, with owner Julie Evans, right, her daughter and their other dogs Dynamite, Disco and Molly [PAR] By getting permission from The Kennel Club to import and breed, she hopes that Fiona will be able to mother puppies with a wider gene pool that can rid the breed of this problem. [PAR] Mrs Evans said: \u2018My"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] University Challenge - McGill School Of Computer Science University Challenge [PAR] University Challenge [PAR] IMDb profile [PAR] TV.com summary [PAR] University Challenge is a long-running British television quiz show, licensed and produced by Granada Television. The format is based on the American show College Bowl, which ran on NBC radio from 1953 to 1957 , and on NBC TV from 1959 to 1970 . College Bowl is credited in the end title. [PAR] History [PAR] At its inception in 1962 it was hosted by Bamber Gascoigne. When audience figures began to fall, partly thanks to less auspicious broadcast slots, changes were made to the long-standing format of the programme: initial games were staged over two legs, the second leg involving contestants selecting questions from specific categories (e.g., sport, literature, science). [PAR] This added complexity did nothing to halt declining viewer figures, and it was taken off the air in 1987. It was eventually revived in 1994 by the BBC (although still produced by Granada), using the original format (with minor differences) and presented by Jeremy Paxman . [PAR] The original announcer was Jim Pope, who stayed with the programme from 1963 until his death in 2001. Since then, the announcer has been Roger Tilling. [PAR] Format [PAR] The current tournament format used for a series is that of a direct knockout tournament starting with 28 teams. The 14 first round winners progress directly to the last 16. Two matches, involving the four highest scoring losing teams from the first round whose losing scores often exceeded winning scores in other first round matches, fill the remaining places in the last 16. [PAR] Teams consist of four members and represent either a single university or a college of the universities of Oxford , Cambridge , Wales or London . [PAR] \"Starter\" questions are answered individually \"on the buzzer\" without conferring and are worth 10 points. \"Your starter for 10\" became its most famous catchphrase & inspired a novel & a 2006 movie. The team answering a starter correctly gets a set of \"bonus\" questions worth a potential 15 points, over which they can confer. Sets of bonus questions are thematically linked, although they rarely share a connection with the preceding starter question. Generally there are three separate bonus questions worth 5 points each, but occasionally a bonus will require the enumeration of a given list with 5, 10 or 15 points given for correctly giving a certain number of items from the list (e.g., \"there are six fundamental SI units. Give 4 for 5 points, 5 for 10 points or all 6 for 15 points\"). An incorrect interruption of a starter results in a 5 point penalty. [PAR] In the course of a game there are two \"picture rounds\" (occurring roughly one quarter and three quarters of the way through) and one \"music round\" (at the halfway point), where the subsequent bonuses are connected thematically to the starter; if a picture or music starter is not correctly answered, the accompanying bonus questions are held back until a normal starter is correctly answered. [PAR] The pace of questioning gradually increases through the show, becoming almost frantic in the last minute or so before the \"gong\" which signals the end of the game. In the event of a tied score at the sound of the gong, a \"sudden death\" question is asked, the first team to answer correctly being deemed the winner; this is repeated until one or other of the teams answer correctly, or a team loses by giving an incorrect interruption. The ending of the programme is signified with Jeremy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buckingham Fountain - Things to See & Do > Grant Park ... Buckingham Fountain - Things to See & Do > Grant Park - Choose Chicago [PAR] Back to Previous Page [PAR] The centerpiece of Grant Park is the Clarence Buckingham Memorial Fountain, a gift from philanthropist Kate Sturges Buckingham. Constructed in 1927, the fountain is one of the largest of its kind with a center jet that streams water 150 feet in the air. The structure was designed by Chicago architect Edward Bennet who, along with French sculptor Marcel Loyau and engineer Jazques H. Lambert, built the fountain in the vein of the Latona Basin at Versailles. [PAR] DID YOU KNOW? [PAR] The fountain is made to represent Lake Michigan, with four pairs of Art Deco style sea horses that symbolize the four states that border Lake Michigan's shoreline. [PAR] During its more impressive water displays, the fountain circuits through more than 15,000 gallons of water per minute. [PAR] In total, the fountain contains more than 1,500,000 gallons of water and contains nearly 200 jets. [PAR] The fountain was constructed at a cost of $750,000 with an endowment fund established by Buckingham to help take care of the maintenance. Today, it's known as the \"front door to Chicago's front yard\" in reference to its flagship position in Grant Park. [PAR] Featured Partners"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Euronext Euronext [PAR] Euronext [PAR] Including: Bonds, Derivatives, ETPs, Equities [PAR] Derivatives [PAR] Euronext closes acquisition of a 20% stake in EuroCCP [PAR] Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, London and Paris \u2013 15 December 2016 \u2013 Euronext today announced it has completed the acquisition of a 20% equity stake in EuroCCP, for an amount of \u20ac13.4m, after having received regulatory approvals. This follows the announcement of August 17th on the signing of a definitive agreement with the existing shareholders of EuroCCP. [PAR] EuroCCP is the leading CCP for pan-European equity markets providing clearing and settlement services. Following this acquisition, Euronext is now an equal shareholder in the company alongside ABN Amro Clearing Bank, Bats Europe, The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) and Nasdaq. [PAR] This deal will enable Euronext to offer user choice in clearing for the equity markets within the Eurozone, through the implementation of a preferred CCP model followed by a fully interoperable service, which will be open to other CCPs in due course. [PAR] 14 D\u00e9c 2016 [PAR] Horizontal Software introduction en bourse d\u2019horizontal software sur Alternext [PAR] 6 M\u20ac lev\u00e9s et une capitalisation boursi\u00e8re de 18 M\u20ac [PAR] Paris \u2013 14 d\u00e9cembre 2016 \u2013 Euronext accueille aujourd\u2019hui Horizontal Software, \u00e9diteur de logiciels de gestion du capital humain (HCM), \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de son premier jour de cotation sur le march\u00e9 Alternext Paris. [PAR] Cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 2010, Horizontal Software est un \u00e9diteur de logiciels de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration sur le march\u00e9 de la gestion du capital humain (Human Capital Management) qui propose une offre disruptive commercialis\u00e9e en mode applicatif. Le Groupe s\u2019appuie en effet sur une plateforme logicielle ouverte qui couvre un large p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre, allant du recrutement et gestion des talents, \u00e0 la gestion des temps et des activit\u00e9s des collaborateurs. Horizontal Software a conquis de nombreux clients dans des secteurs tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9s, de la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 la distribution en passant par la restauration, mettant en avant la performance, la rapidit\u00e9 de d\u00e9ploiement et la facilit\u00e9 d\u2019usage de ses solutions bas\u00e9es sur une architecture Cloud ouverte. [PAR] L\u2019introduction en Bourse d\u2019Horizontal Software a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e suite \u00e0 l\u2019admission \u00e0 la n\u00e9gociation le 14 d\u00e9cembre 2016 de 1 734 207 actions, comprenant 578 752 actions nouvelles \u00e9mises dans le cadre d\u2019une offre au public. [PAR] Le prix de l\u2019offre a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9 \u00e0 10,20 euros par action. La capitalisation boursi\u00e8re de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 au jour de l\u2019introduction s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 17,7 millions d\u2019euros. Le montant total lev\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente 5,9 millions d\u2019euros. [PAR] A l\u2019occasion de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie d\u2019introduction, Herv\u00e9 Yahi, Pr\u00e9sident d'Horizontal Software, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Nous sommes tr\u00e8s heureux de la r\u00e9alisation de notre introduction en Bourse qui marque l\u2019entr\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9dition logicielle du Human Capital Management sur le march\u00e9 boursier fran\u00e7ais, malgr\u00e9 des conditions de march\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement difficiles. Je tiens \u00e0 remercier vivement nos actionnaires historiques qui nous ont renouvel\u00e9 leur soutien actif, partageant pleinement notre strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9veloppement ambitieuse ainsi que chacun de nos nouveaux actionnaires, particuliers ou professionnels, qui ont plac\u00e9 leur confiance dans nos solutions innovantes et disruptives. Je tiens \u00e9galement \u00e0 remercier toute l\u2019\u00e9quipe qui nous a accompagn\u00e9s dans ce projet ainsi que tous nos collaborateurs qui, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur implication au quotidien, ont permis \u00e0 cette op\u00e9ration d'\u00eatre un succ\u00e8s. Les fonds lev\u00e9s vont nous permettre d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de notre strat\u00e9gie et d\u2019accompagner le d\u00e9ploiement commercial de nos solutions en Europe et aux Etats-Unis pour devenir un acteur majeur de l\u2019\u00e9dition logicielle HCM en mode SaaS et Saas-App \u00bb. [PAR] \u00c0 propos de Horizontal Software [PAR] Horizontal Software, \u00e9diteur de logiciels du Capital Humain (HCM), commercialise une solution logicielle innovante en mode"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Absinthe Alcohol - Absinthe-drink Absinthe Alcohol - Absinthe-drink [PAR] Sitemap [PAR] Absinthe alcohol content is very interesting when compared to the alcoholic content of liquor such as whisky, gin and vodka. Although alcohol content varies by brand, it contains nearly twice as much alcohol as whisky, gin and vodka. [PAR] Absinthe is a very interesting distilled alcoholic drink which originated in Switzerland but was made famous in France by its association with Bohemian Paris and artists and writers such as Van Gogh, Verlaine, Pablo Picasso, Oscar Wilde, Charles Baudelaire and Ernest Hemingway. Absinthe was nicknamed \u201cThe Green Fairy\u201d or La Fee Verte, in French, because of its green color. Blanche Absinthe, or La Bleue, is a clear Absinthe. [PAR] Absinthe is a spirit, not a liqueur and has the flavor of anise , like Pernod Pastis which was produced to take its place when Absinthe sales were banned in the early 19th century by the USA and many European countries. Its flavor comes from its herbal ingredients which include the herb, grand wormwood, (Artemesia Absinthium), anise and fennel. Some brands of Absinthe also contain licorice, hyssop, angelica root and other herbs. [PAR] The active chemical, thujone , which comes from the herb wormwood, was thought to have psychedelic effects on the brain like the drug cannabis, due to thujone\u2019s similarity to THC which is present in cannabis. Many studies have now shown that this is a myth and that Absinthe is no more dangerous than any other strong liquor. Absinthe was reviewed for safety in the 1990s and was legalized for purchase in most European countries. Many countries now produce Absinthe including the Czech Republic, Spain, France and Switzerland and there are many different brands on sale. You can order and buy Absinthe from various companies including AbsintheKit.com who sell Absinthe essences. A kit is a great idea because it contains an essence which will make up to 14 bottle of Absinthe! Buying online is very easy. [PAR] Absinthe Alcohol Preparation Ritual [PAR] There is an amazing ritual involved in the preparation of original Absinthe. Here is a brief outline of the steps involved to make real Absinthe:- [PAR] \u2013 Pour Absinthe into a glass like the Absinthe glasses that are available online from AbsintheKit.com [PAR] \u2013 Place a cube of sugar on a special Absinthe slotted spoon and rest over the glass. [PAR] \u2013 Pour ice cold water over the sugar cube to dilute the Absinthe to the required ratio. [PAR] The oils of anise, fennel and star anise are not soluble and so cloud the drink. This clouding is called \u201clouching\u201d and Absinthe is meant to do this. The finished drink will look milky and cloudy. [PAR] Absinthe can also be used in cocktails. Ernest Hemingway\u2019s famous recipe was to mix Absinthe with champagne. Other cocktails with Absinthe include the Tomate which is Absinthe mixed with grenadine and iced water. [PAR] Absinthe alcohol content is not to be worried about \u2013 just remember that it is twice as strong as whisky, gin and vodka and that you should drink it in moderation. [PAR] <a href='http://postboxen.com/pictures/net/provide/ck.php?n=a7ea7cf4&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' target='_blank'><img src='http://postboxen.com/pictures/net/provide/avw.php?zoneid=50&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&amp;n=a7ea7cf4&amp;ct0=INSERT_ENCODED_CLICKURL_HERE' border='0' alt='' /></a>[DOC] [TLE] Absinthe - Archer Wiki - Wikia Absinthe | Archer Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] In \" Blood Test ,\" Malory brains Cyril with a bottle. [PAR] Details [PAR] Edit [PAR] Absinthe is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic (45\u201374% ABV / 90-148 proof) beverage. It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from herbs, including the flowers and leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium, commonly referred to as \"grande wormwood\", together with green anise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous watches and luxury watch brands - Montre24.com Famous watches and luxury watch brands [PAR] Famous watches and luxury watch brands [PAR] Today, the world of watch industry presents a huge variety of watch [PAR] companies with a wide range of time meters. However, chronometers of certain brands have a central place. They guarantee their owners maximum precision, excellent quality and unique style. One of the most famous brands of luxury watches can rightly be called Rolex. In 1903, Hans Wilsdorf arrived in London, where he decided to establish his own watch manufactory, being sure that wristwatches are things of future. And he wasn\u2019t wrong: today his famous watches are the best in the world. However, these timepieces are not just one of the most famous in the world, they are synonymous with elegance, luxury, high status in society and impeccable quality. This famous brand is an essential attribute of a successful person, its name has become common: if a person has Rolex watch on his wrist, then he is rich and successful. This famous watch brand is the only one to date that does not discount its products. Rolex's philosophy - \"maximum quality at maximum price.\" Most of the money paid for these elite watches is a payment for image. In addition to their great success at the global market of the watch industry, these famous watches have a number of other achievements. For example, in 1927, the watch \u201cRolex Oyster\u201d on British sportswoman Mercedes Gleitze\u2019s wrist swam the English Channel for 15 hours and 15 minutes. CEO Hans Wilsdorf spent 40 thousand francs on informing the public about the health of the swimmer and the time of the race each hour. The photos of smiling swimmer were headlined: \"The greatest triumph of Rolex Oyster\u201d. After the legendary swim, the Rolex watch took a leading position at the watch market, and \u201cRolex Oyster\u201d was swept away from the shelves. In the movie \"Agent 007\", which appeared on the big screen in 1950-s, James Bond overcame various obstacles with \u201cRolex Submariner\u201d on his hand. Specially designed and attached to the submersible \"Trieste\", the model of Rolex together with French scientists Jacques Piccard and Donald was at a depth of 10,915 meters in the Mariana Trench in 1960. During the entire underwater trip the watch showed correct time. However, the main achievement of this elite and well-known watch brand is the fact that Rolex watches are known by everybody, and even by those, who do not delve into the specifics of the watch industry. [PAR] Another famous watch brand is Breguet. Abraham-Louis Breguet, the founder of this brand, is still one of the greatest watchmakers in the history of watchmaking. The most famous persons in history preferred those elite watches: Napoleon Bonaparte, Marie Antoinette, Tsar Alexander I, Prince of Wales, Sir Winston Churchill - this is not a complete list of clients. \"To carry a fine Breguet watch is to feel that you have the brains of a genius in your pocket.\" - once said Sir David Salomons, a famous collector of luxury watches. Luxury watches of Breguet fully justify this statement. [PAR] The letter of the Greek alphabet, Omega, has been a sign of good luck and perfection for two and a half thousand years. And now, during 150 years, the well-known watch brand \u201cOmega\u201d fully corresponds to its Greek name. 23-year-old Louis Brandt founded the company in 1848 in the Swiss town of La Chaux-de-Fonds. First it was a usual workshop, specialized in watch assembly, which later became one of the most renowned watch manufactories in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Premiers and Prime Ministers - New Zealand History Biographies - Premiers and Prime Ministers | NZHistory, New Zealand history online [PAR] Premiers and Prime Ministers [PAR] Page 3 \u2013 Biographies [PAR] Leaders of the nation [PAR] Find out more about the 39 premiers and prime ministers who have held office in New Zealand since 1856. Each biography links to a page with further information. The entries are in chronological order of term served. [PAR] Henry Sewell [PAR] Premier: 7\u201320 May 1856 [PAR] Henry Sewell, our first premier, was more of a sojourner than a settler. Although he spent 17 years in New Zealand in three periods between 1853 and 1876, he never put down deep roots. More... [PAR] William Fox [PAR] Premier: 20 May\u20132 Jun 1856; 12 Jul 1861\u20136 Aug 1862; 28 Jun 1869\u201310 Sept 1872; 3 Mar\u20138 Apr 1873 [PAR] William Fox headed New Zealand governments four times. A rug-puller rather than a bridge-builder, he was better at defeating governments than he was at leading them. More... [PAR] Edward Stafford [PAR] Premier: 2 Jun 1856\u201312 Jul 1861; 16 Oct 1865\u201328 Jun 1869; 10 Sept\u201311 Oct 1872 [PAR] Edward Stafford was New Zealand's youngest leader and a stable influence on the early colonial government. He held the post of premier on three different occasions between 1856 and 1872. More... [PAR] Alfred Domett [PAR] Premier: 6 Aug 1862\u201330 Oct 1863 [PAR] Alfred Domett is best remembered for establishing the Parliamentary Library and for his much-derided epic verse Ranolf and Amohia: A South-Sea Daydream. More... [PAR] Frederick Whitaker [PAR] Premier: 30 Oct 1863\u201324 Nov 1864; 21 Apr 1882\u201325 Sept 1883 [PAR] Despite Frederick Whitaker\u2019s advanced views on electoral reform, this two-time premier tarnished his reputation by land speculation and confiscation. More... [PAR] Frederick Weld [PAR] Premier: 24 Nov 1864\u201316 Oct 1865 [PAR] Frederick Weld was only briefly premier, but the fact that he was a Roman Catholic showed how different New Zealand was to Britain (which has still never had a Catholic PM). More... [PAR] George Waterhouse [PAR] Premier: 11 Oct 1872\u20133 Mar 1873 [PAR] George Waterhouse, who never stood for elected office here, was a premier on both sides of the Tasman, leading South Australia (1861-3) and New Zealand (1872-3). More... [PAR] Julius Vogel [PAR] Premier: 8 Apr 1873\u20136 Jul 1875; 15 Feb\u20131 Sept 1876 [PAR] Although he spent just 18 years in New Zealand, journalist, businessman and politician Julius (Sir Julius from 1874) Vogel dominated this country's political scene. More... [PAR] Daniel Pollen [PAR] Premier: 6 Jul 1875\u201315 Feb 1876 [PAR] Largely forgotten today, Daniel Pollen was considered a \u2018safe man\u2019 and a good administrator. In July 1875 he took over the premiership from the absent Sir Julius Vogel, although Harry Atkinson really ran things. More... [PAR] Harry Atkinson [PAR] Premier: 1 Sept 1876\u201313 Oct 1877; 25 Sept 1883\u201316 Aug 1884; 28 Aug\u20133 Sept 1884; 8 Oct 1887\u201321 Jan 1891 [PAR] Harry Atkinson was premier four times \u2013 five if you count the \u2018reconstitution\u2019 of his first ministry a fortnight into its life. Like Edward Stafford, he was a stabilising force who transcended regionalism for national interests. More... [PAR] Sir George Grey [PAR] Premier: 13 Oct 1877\u20138 Oct 1879 [PAR] Sir George Grey was our only politician for whom the premiership was an anticlimax. He had governed autocratically from 1845 to 1853 (greatly shaping our constitutional arrangements) and returned as governor in 1861. More... [PAR] John Hall [PAR] Premier: 8 Oct 1879\u201321 Apr 1882 [PAR] John (later Sir John) Hall was a force in our politics for several decades. In the late 1880s and early 1890s he led"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Practical Magic (1998) - IMDb Practical Magic (1998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The wry, comic romantic tale follows the Owens sisters, Sally and Gillian, as they struggle to use their hereditary gift for practical magic to overcome the obstacles in discovering true love. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 27 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 02 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 25 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 13 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 16 May 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Practical Magic \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A newcomer to a Catholic prep high school falls in with a trio of outcast teenage girls who practice witchcraft and they all soon conjure up various spells and curses against those who even slightly anger them. [PAR] Director: Andrew Fleming [PAR] An FBI agent must go undercover in the Miss United States beauty pageant to prevent a group from bombing the event. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] A big-city newspaper columnist is forced to enter a drug and alcohol rehab center after ruining her sister's wedding and crashing a stolen limousine. [PAR] Director: Betty Thomas [PAR] A hopeless romantic Chicago Transit Authority token collector is mistaken for the fianc\u00e9e of a coma patient. [PAR] Director: Jon Turteltaub [PAR] A lawyer decides that she's used too much like a nanny by her boss, so she walks out on him. [PAR] Director: Marc Lawrence [PAR] Birdee Calvert must choose between her morals and her heart after her husband divorces her and a charming young man, who her daughter disapproves of, comes back into her life. [PAR] Director: Forest Whitaker [PAR] A lonely doctor who once occupied an unusual lakeside home begins exchanging love letters with its former resident, a frustrated architect. They must try to unravel the mystery behind their extraordinary romance before it's too late. [PAR] Director: Alejandro Agresti [PAR] A soon-to-be-married man encounters an exciting stranger after his plane suffers an accident on takeoff. [PAR] Director: Bronwen Hughes [PAR] A computer programmer stumbles upon a conspiracy, putting her life and the lives of those around her in great danger. [PAR] Director: Irwin Winkler [PAR] Two gifted high school students execute a \"perfect\" murder - then become engaged in an intellectual contest with a seasoned homicide detective. [PAR] Director: Barbet Schroeder [PAR] After Cheryl Frasier and Stan Fields are kidnapped, Gracie goes undercover in Las Vegas to find them. [PAR] Director: John Pasquin [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.9/10 X [PAR] Depressed housewife learns her husband was killed in a car accident the day previously, awakens the next morning to find him alive and well at home, and then awakens the next day after to a world in which he is still dead. [PAR] Director: Mennan Yapo [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Sisters Sally and Gillian Owens have a special bond with each"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Audrey Hepburn's 1953 'Roman Holiday' an enchanting fairy ... Audrey Hepburn's 1953 'Roman Holiday' an enchanting fairy tale - latimes [PAR] 2014 [PAR] Audrey Hepburn's 1953 'Roman Holiday' an enchanting fairy tale [PAR] Oscar Archives: William Wyler's 1953 Cinderella-esque comedy made Audrey Hepburn an overnight sensation and launched a new fashion trend for the gamin young star's hair and chic clothes. [PAR] December 12, 2013 |By Susan King [PAR] Belgian-born actor Audrey Hepburn holds the hand of American actor Gregory\u2026 (Paramount Pictures / Getty\u2026) [PAR] William Wyler's enchanting 1953 Cinderella-esque comedy, \"Roman Holiday,\" made Audrey Hepburn an overnight sensation. She not only won the Academy Award for best actress but she also received a Golden Globe, a British Academy of Film and Television Arts Award and the New York Film Critics Circle honor for her role as Ann, a sheltered princess on a goodwill tour of Europe who escapes her guardians in Rome and finds adventure and a storybook romance. [PAR] And the gamin actress, who was born in Belgium in 1929, also set a new fashion trend with her short hair and casually chic clothes \u2014 even as Edith Head won an Oscar for the film's costume design. [PAR] \"Many familiar stars have given great performances,\" said film critic-historian Leonard Maltin. \"But there are times when being an unknown is an invaluable asset. I think of Ben Kingsley in 'Gandhi' as an emblematic example of that and, certainly, Audrey Hepburn.\" [PAR] FULL COVERAGE: Oscars 2014 [PAR] Part of the film's charm, said Maltin, \"is there is a parallel between the character's story and Audrey Hepburn. If you know anything about the background of the film itself, you can't avoid thinking about that. It is not just a fresh, charming performance, it is a fresh, charming performance by someone blossoming into stardom right before your eyes.\" [PAR] Though reports state that Jean Simmons was briefly considered for the role of Ann, Wyler wanted an unknown to play the part. \"With anybody familiar, you have to first forget your previous associations with them, shed that baggage before you completely accept and embrace them in this new role,\" said Maltin. \"With an unknown, there is no such barrier.\" [PAR] Hepburn had appeared in few films before being selected by Wyler, who at that time had won director Oscars for 1942's \"Mrs. Miniver\" and 1946's \"The Best Years of Our Lives.\" The young actress had small parts in 1951's \"Laughter in Paradise\" and \"The Lavender Hill Mob\" and a more substantial role in the forgettable 1952 film \"Secret People.\" [PAR] Choosing a virtual unknown, said Maltin, was one of \"many smart decisions William Wyler made regarding this film.\" [PAR] TIMELINE: The Academy Awards through the years [PAR] Even before finding Hepburn, Wyler had insisted that Paramount allow him to shoot in Rome. Gregory Peck, who plays Joe Bradley, the American journalist whom the princess falls for, was hesitant to take on a secondary role, but Wyler persuaded him to join the film. [PAR] While in pre-production in Rome, the director traveled to London to look at ingenues for the lead. That's where he met Hepburn, whom he described as \"very alert, very smart, very talented and very ambitious.\" [PAR] With Wyler on his way back to Rome, he asked Thorald Dickinson, who had directed Hepburn in \"Secret People,\" to do a screen test with her at Pinewood Studios in England \u2014 and to keep the cameras rolling after she completed her scene so he could watch the young actress in a more relaxed, natural state. Unaware she was still being filmed,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phone Key Pads - DialABC Phone Key Pads [PAR] Phone Key Pads [PAR] Help bring back science education to the Center of the Universe [PAR] Common Keypads [PAR] There are several different key pads in use today. Essentially, there is the american (Ma Bell) classic, the new ITU/ANSI/ISO/IEC standard, and one former standard each for the UK and Australia. Then, (it probably seemed like a good idea at the time) mobile phone manufacturers invented a whole bunch of new ones. [PAR] Fortunately, there is a standard ( ITU E.161 , also known as ANSI T1.703-1995/1999, and ISO/IEC 9995-8:1994), and most phones built today place letters on the phone key pad according to that standard. [PAR] The following table shows how the most common touch tone key pads map letters to numbers. [PAR] 1 [PAR] OQZ [PAR] Common Phone Keypads [PAR] There exist a number of variations on these key pads, mostly involving the use of the letters I, O, Q, and Z and the numbers 1 and 0. There are also a number of local variations involing characters found in the scripts of local languages (umlaut's etc). [PAR] We are working on a historical database of telephones. Please send us the manufacturers name, year and model number of your phone and tell us what kind of key pad your phone has. If you like, include a picture of your phone. We will incorporate the data in future revisions of our site. [PAR] Problems Arising From Assumptions about Key Pads [PAR] Many IVR (interactive voice response) systems, also known as phone bots, let you enter names using your telephone key pad. This is done, for instance, when looking up a particular extension by name. These systems sometimes overlook the fact that not everybody has the same kind of keypad. So, if you are looking up \"Steve Wozniak\" in a company directory and are asked to enter the digits corresponding to the first three letters of his last name, you might type 969, 961, or 900, depending on the kind of phone you are using. [PAR] North American Classic Key Pad [PAR] This is the standard north american letter/number assignment found on Telephones in Canada and the US since beginning of the 20th century. The assignment of numbers to letters predates DTMF and touch dialing and is the same as found on many old rotary dial phones. [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WALKING IN MASONIC LONDON - FREEMASONS The Masonic London Guide. [PAR] PS Review of FM Search Engine: [PAR] WALKING IN MASONIC LONDON [PAR] by R.W. Bro. Yasha Beresiner [PAR] In this article the author talks about his new book: [PAR] THE CITY OF LONDON - A Masonic Guide. [PAR] R.W. Bro. Yasha Beresiner has been an active Freemason in England, Italy and Israel since 1975 and is a Past Master of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge #2076, the Lodge of Research of the United Grand Lodge of England. He is a City of London Guide and the Editor of the Guide's Association Magazine. [PAR] In November 2001 I was honoured to be elected the Master of the Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards, one of the City of London\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds ancient Livery Companies, which was granted its charter by Charles II in 1682. I felt at the time duty bound to improve my knowledge of the City beyond the courses offered by the Corporation of London (now named the City of London Corporation) for the benefit of liverymen and others. What better way than by enrolling in the Guide\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Course, which already had an excellent reputation? It was a wise decision. Before we were half-way through the course, inspired by the late and much-lamented Katrine Prince and the indefatigable Paul Taylor, I was, just like all of my colleagues, hooked on the Square Mile. Following the presentation of our certificates by the then Lord Mayor, Sir Michael Oliver, at the Mansion House in June of the following year, I immediately invited family first and friends thereafter, week after week, on city walks which had so enthralled me during the course. It does not take long, however, to run out of family members and even friends evermore reluctant to go on yet another walk. The alternative to walking alone or losing the fascinating knowledge which I had only just begun to acquire, was to join The Streets of London, a quasi-professional body of some 15 qualified guides. We each prepared our own specialised walks for publication in a bi-annual leaflet. My interests in the history of Freemasonry, which I had developed over the past two decades or so, now served me well. Freemasonry and the City of London sat comfortably side by side and this booklet is the result of those two combined interests. [PAR] THE INTERVIEW [PAR] THE MASONIC 'SQUARE MILE'. [PAR] Bruno Gazzo interviews Yasha Beresiner about his new book 'The City of London - A Masonic Guide' [PAR] BG: Congratulations on your new publication. You have now written several books on many different subjects. How do you compare City of London : A Masonic Guide to your other books? [PAR] YB: I can honestly say that I enjoyed writing this book much more than the others. When I wrote my first book The Story of Paper Money in 1983, there were no computers and certainly no internet to assist with research and just simple spelling queries, It was really a pleasure and very gratifying to write this particular book. [PAR] BG You say in the book: The City of London and Freemasonry lie comfortably side by side. What do you mean? [PAR] YB: What I mean is that when you walk in the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsquare mile\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, which constitutes the boundaries of the City of London and you apply your mind to freemasonry, there is something Masonic in every corner you turn. Historically, organised freemasonry began in the City, the Goose and Gridiron near St Paul\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Cathedral in 1717 and Masonic meetings have been taking place in the taverns"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lauren Bacall - Biography - IMDb Lauren Bacall - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Lauren Bacall [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 115 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (73) | Personal Quotes (28) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 8\u00bd\" (1.74 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Lauren Bacall was born Betty Joan Perske on September 16, 1924, in New York City. She is the daughter of Natalie Weinstein-Bacal, a Romanian Jewish immigrant, and William Perske, who was born in New Jersey, to Polish Jewish parents. Her family was middle-class, with her father working as a salesman and her mother as a secretary. They divorced when she was five. When she was a school girl, Lauren originally wanted to be a dancer, but later, she became enthralled with acting, so she switched gears to head into that field. She had studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York after high school, which enabled her to get her feet wet in some off-Broadway productions. [PAR] Once out of school, Lauren entered modeling and, because of her beauty, appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar, one of the most popular magazines in the US. The wife of famed director Howard Hawks spotted the picture in the publication and arranged with her husband to have Lauren take a screen test. As a result, which was entirely positive, she was given the part of Marie Browning in To Have and Have Not (1944), a thriller opposite the great Humphrey Bogart , when she was just 19 years old. This not only set the tone for a fabulous career but also one of Hollywood's greatest love stories (she married Bogart in 1945). It was also the first of several Bogie-Bacall films. [PAR] After 1945's Confidential Agent (1945), Lauren received second billing in The Big Sleep (1946) with Bogart. The mystery, in the role of Vivian Sternwood Rutledge, was a resounding success. Although she was making one film a year, each production would be eagerly awaited by the public. In 1947, again with her husband, Lauren starred in the thriller Dark Passage (1947). The film kept movie patrons on the edge of their seats. The following year, she starred with Bogart, Edward G. Robinson , and Lionel Barrymore in Key Largo (1948). The crime drama was even more of a nail biter than her previous film. In 1950, Lauren starred in Bright Leaf (1950), a drama set in 1894. It was a film of note because she appeared without her husband - her co-star was Gary Cooper . In 1953, Lauren appeared in her first comedy as Schatze Page in How to Marry a Millionaire (1953). The film, with co-stars Marilyn Monroe and Betty Grable , was a smash hit all across the theaters of America. [PAR] After filming Designing Woman (1957), which was released in 1957, Humphrey Bogart died on January 14 from throat cancer. Devastated at being a widow, Lauren returned to the silver screen with The Gift of Love (1958) in 1958 opposite Robert Stack . The production turned out to be a big disappointment. Undaunted, Lauren moved back to New York City and appeared in several Broadway plays to huge critical acclaim. She was enjoying acting before live audiences and the audiences in turn enjoyed her fine performances. [PAR] Lauren was away from the big screen for five years, but she returned in 1964 to appear in Shock Treatment (1964) and Sex and the Single Girl (1964). The latter film was a comedy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sidecar Cocktail Recipe - Liquor.com Sidecar Cocktail Recipe [PAR] You must be logged in to post a comment. [PAR] Adding comment \u2026 [PAR] aronsjoberggmailcom515827292 posted 7 months ago [PAR] I like the so-called French version of the Sidecar, with equal parts of cognac/brandy, Cointreau and lemon juice! [PAR] San Francisco posted 6 years ago [PAR] I have had trouble with the Sidecar too. It is a bar favorite for me, but to get the best drink at home, I find I need add to the traditional recipe: 1.5 oz. Remy Martin VSOP cognac, 1 oz lemon juice, .75 oz Cointreau and .25 oz. simple syrup in a sugar-frosted cocktail glass. This one, like most cocktails needs a real good stir to get enough water into the mix. J. [PAR] MPK posted 6 years ago [PAR] I bought a bottle of Cointreau a while ago for some recipe or another that my wife was making and they a small orange plastic shaker attached to the top. The shaker had markings for the correct proportions for a Sidecar, a margarita, etc. Just fill to the proper level for each ingredient. Simple and convenient. [PAR] I had never had a Sidecar before and now I must say it is becoming one of my favorite cocktails. The proportions are the same as in the above recipe. [PAR] TinyInThePark posted 6 years ago [PAR] I use 2.5oz. Brandy, 1oz triple sec or cointreu, and lemon juice from a bottle. I use Christian Bros brandy. but I shake it over ice and pour entire contents into a low ball. [PAR] TotheMoonAlice posted 6 years ago [PAR] I would love a good recommendation for brandy or Cognac for the Sidecar. I don't have a grand liquor budget and don't keep Cognac on hand, but I might if I knew what was a good value -- or even a solid brandy. [PAR] I was surprised to hear that a local restaurant that takes pride in it's cocktails used Christian Brothers brandy for their sidecar. Still, when I make it at home it doesn't taste as good -- I do use fresh lemon juice and Cointreau. [PAR] Of course, the ratios I've been using seem too \"simple\" to have been well-honed (two parts brandy/Cognac to one part each fresh lemon juice and Cointreau)... [PAR] So if anyone has more finely-tune ratios, I'd love to hear them! [PAR] A."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marlboro Cigarettes History | CigarettesReporter.com ... Marlboro Cigarettes History | CigarettesReporter.com - Your cigarettes guide [PAR] Marlboro Cigarettes History [PAR] 20May by Jenny Novac [PAR] Marlboro is the largest selling brand of cigarettes in the world. It is made by Philip Morris USA (a branch of Altria) within the US, and by Philip Morris International outside the US. It is famous for its billboard advertisements and magazine ads of the Marlboro Man. [PAR] The brand is named after Great Marlborough Street, the location of its original London factory. Richmond, Virginia is now the location of the largest Marlboro cigarette manufacturing plant. [PAR] Marlboro cigarettes packs [PAR] Philip Morris launched the Marlboro brand in 1924 as a woman\u2019s cigarette, based on the slogan \u201cMild As May\u201d. In the 1920s, advertising for the cigarette was primarily based around how ladylike the cigarette was. To this end, the filter had a printed red band around it to hide lipstick stains, calling it \u201cBeauty Tips to Keep the Paper from Your Lips\u201d. [PAR] The brand was sold in this capacity until World War II when the brand faltered and was temporarily removed from the market. At the end of the war, three brands emerged that would establish a firm hold on the cigarette market: Camel , Lucky Strike , and Chesterfield . These brands were supplied to US soldiers during the war, creating an instant market upon their return. [PAR] After scientists published a major study linking smoking to lung cancer in the 1950s, Philip Morris repositioned Marlboro as a men\u2019s cigarette in order to fit a market niche of men who were concerned about lung cancer, but not wanting to admit it. At the time, filtered cigarettes were considered safer than unfiltered cigarettes, but had been until that time only marketed to women. Men at the time indicated that while they would consider switching to a filtered cigarette, they were concerned about being seen smoking a cigarette marketed to women. [PAR] The repositioning of Marlboro as a men\u2019s cigarette was handled by Chicago advertiser Leo Burnett. The proposed campaign was to present a lineup of manly figures: sea captains, weightlifters, war correspondents, construction workers, etc. The cowboy was to have been the first in this series. While Philip Morris was concerned about the campaign, they eventually greenlighted the campaign. [PAR] Within a year, Marlboro\u2019s market share rose from less than one percent to the fourth best-selling brand. This convinced Philip Morris to drop the lineup of manly figures and stick with the cowboy imagery. [PAR] In order to comply with a court ruling USA vs. Philip Morris, Philip Morris is now prevented from using Marlboro products previously marketed in the United States as \u201cLights\u201d, \u201cUltra-Lights\u201d, \u201cMedium\u201d, \u201cMild\u201d, or any similar designation that yields an impression that some tobacco products are comparatively safe. Similar restrictions were applied in the European Union some years ago."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jackson Pollock | artnet Jackson Pollock | artnet [PAR] Jackson Pollock [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Biography [PAR] Jackson Pollock was one of the most famous post-war artists in the United States. As a pioneer of Abstract Expressionism, Pollock\u2019s drips and splatters of paint across his large-scale canvases ushered in a new era of non-representational art. \u201cThe painting has a life of its own,\u201d he explained of his intuitive technique. \u201cI try to let it come through.\u201d Born Paul Jackson Pollock January 28, 1912 in Cody, WY, he studied painting at the Manual Arts High School in Los Angeles in the late 1920s and by the fall of 1930, he had moved to New York to study at the Art Students League. Although his early figurative work displayed an influence of Surrealism, the \u201caction paintings\u201d that emerged in his practice in 1947 are what he is best known for\u2014Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist) (1950) being one of his most popular. These quickly iconic paintings generated enormous media attention, turning Pollock into a celebrity beyond the scope of the art world, causing the artist gradually withdraw from public life. As an early champion of his work, Peggy Guggenheim gave him his first solo show at her gallery Art of This Century in 1943. His celebrated career was cut short when Pollock died in a car accident on August 11, 1956 in East Hampton, NY at the age of 44. [PAR] Related Categories [PAR] Architectural and garden elements (2) [PAR] \u00d7"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Erythema | University of Maryland Medical Center Erythema | University of Maryland Medical Center [PAR] Medications, such as birth control pills; sulfa drugs [PAR] Who is Most At Risk? [PAR] Men are at greater risk than women for erythema multiforme. [PAR] Women are at greater risk than men for erythema nodosum. [PAR] Frequent or excessive sun exposure increases the risk for erythema multiforme. [PAR] People between 20 to 30 years of age are at greater risk of erythema nodosum. [PAR] People with a family history of skin conditions have a greater chance of developing either erythema multiforme or erythema nodosum. [PAR] Signs and Symptoms [PAR] Fatigue, fever, and itching (before lesions appear) [PAR] Sudden outbreak of spots, bumps, and lesions (usually on knees, elbows, palms, hands, and feet) [PAR] Target lesions (spots surrounded by rings of normal and red skin, looking like a target) [PAR] Erythema infectiosum (caused by a virus and known as fifth disease), rash on face and arms lasting about 2 weeks [PAR] Erythema nodosum: [PAR] Fatigue, flu-like symptoms (before lesions appear) [PAR] Clusters of nodules (small round masses) and lesions on shins, forearms, thighs, and trunk [PAR] Red, painful lesions become soft and bluish, and fade to yellow and brown [PAR] Joint pain [PAR] Arthritis [PAR] Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), the most severe forms of erythema multiforme, have a different set of symptoms. Target lesions on the trunk, hacking cough, fever, and blisters around the mouth, eyes, nostrils, and anal and vaginal areas are the key symptoms of SJS. A person with TEN will have symptoms of SJS that worsen to include peeling and detachment of the skin, pus-like infections, fluid loss, and even death. [PAR] What to Expect at Your Doctor's Office [PAR] Your doctor will perform a physical exam and may order a skin biopsy, throat culture, blood test, or x-ray to determine the type of erythema. These tests also may reveal any infections or medications that are contributing to symptoms. [PAR] Treatment Options [PAR] Prevention [PAR] Treat underlying diseases and avoid known triggers (certain medications, for example). It is also important to avoid the sun when taking certain medications. [PAR] Treatment Plan [PAR] Your doctor will treat any underlying diseases, stop any drugs that may contribute to symptoms, and take steps to control your current symptoms. Mild cases may not require treatment. Bed rest and medication may be necessary for more severe cases. [PAR] Drug Therapies [PAR] Antihistamines for itching [PAR] Antibiotics. If you have an infection, though research suggests many cases of erythema can be resolved without antibiotics [PAR] Antiviral medications such as acyclovir and valacyclovir, if you have a virus [PAR] Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [PAR] Burrow's compresses, a solution used to soothe skin conditions, particularly blisters [PAR] Corticosteroids, applied to the skin (topically); corticosteroids may also be taken orally to reduce symptoms of erythema nodosum [PAR] Intravenous immunoglobulin, used experimentally for SJS and TEN [PAR] Photomodulation therapy, use of a light-emitting diode to accelerate the resolution of erythema [PAR] Complementary and Alternative Therapies [PAR] To treat erythema, you must treat the underlying cause. It is important to get a proper diagnosis from your doctor before using complementary and alternative therapies (CAM). Not all CAM therapies are appropriate for all people, and some may interact with conventional medicines or therapies. You should use CAM therapies only under the guidance of a physician. Some CAM therapies may be used to: [PAR] Reduce inflammation [PAR] Prevent infections [PAR] Nutrition [PAR] Antioxidants are molecules that scavenge free radicals (chemicals that can damage cells). Antioxidants also may"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aviva Premiership - Rugby Wiki - Wikia Aviva Premiership | Rugby Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Add Image [PAR] The English Premiership, also currently known as the Aviva Premiership because of the league's sponsorship by Aviva, is a professional league competition for rugby unionfootball clubs in the top division of the English rugby system. There are twelve clubs in the Premiership. The competition has been played since 1987, and has evolved into the current Premiership system employing relegation to and promotion from the RFU Championship, known as National Division One before the 2009\u201310 season. Clubs competing in the Aviva Premiership qualify for Europe's two club competitions, the Heineken Cup and the European Challenge Cup. The current champions are Saracens.Worcester Warriors returned to the top flight at their first opportunity after defeating Cornish Pirates in the RFU Championship Final on 18 May 2011, while Leeds Carnegie returned to the second tier after two seasons in the Premiership.[DOC] [TLE] English Premiership Rugby - Live Streaming Sport Aviva Premiership Rugby live streaming online - find out how to watch England Premiership Rugby online with Livestreamingsport.com [PAR] English Premiership Rugby Aviva Premiership week 5 live streaming guide - Watch live rugby union online this weekend [PAR] 22 Nov 2015 [PAR] Aviva Premiership Rugby Live Streaming is now available online. Find out how to watch - no download or membership fees. [PAR] The English Premiership, currently known as Aviva Premiership Rugby is a professional league competition for rugby union football clubs in the top division of the sport\u2019s system. [PAR] [PAR] There are 12 clubs in the Premiership. The competition has been played since 1987, and has evolved into the current Premiership system employing relegation to and promotion from the RFU Championship. [PAR] Clubs competing in the Premiership qualify for Europe's two main club competitions, the European Rugby Champions Cup and the European Rugby Challenge Cup. [PAR] [PAR] From the beginning of the 2002\u201303 season, a new play-off format was introduced to replace the eight-team Championship. [PAR] The format required the first placed team in the league to play the winner of a match between the second- and third-placed teams. Critically, the winner of this game (the Premiership Final) would be recognised as English champions. [PAR] [PAR] Although Gloucester won the league by a clear margin, they then faced a three-week wait until the final. Having lost their momentum the second-placed Wasps (who had defeated third-placed Northampton) beat them easily in the play-offs. [PAR] The play-off structure was reformatted in the 2005\u201306 season in which the first placed team would play the fourth placed team in a semi-final. [PAR] [PAR] The 2013-14 Aviva Premiership Season saw Northampton add their name to the trophy for the first time, becoming the eighth different team to do so. This was achieved by defeating Leicester Tigers in the semi final 21-20 and denying Leicester a 10th consecutive final. In the final they defeated Saracens 20-24 with an extra-time try to win the 2013-14 Aviva Premiership. [PAR] To watch the current season online, join bet365 > live streaming > rugby union [PAR] Latest news"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011) Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011) [PAR] The \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" Films [PAR] Pirates of the Caribbean: [PAR] On Stranger Tides (2011) [PAR] Pirates of the Caribbean Films [PAR] The \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" Films - Part 4 [PAR] Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011) [PAR] d. Rob Marshall, 137 minutes [PAR] Film Plot Summary [PAR] The film opened, off the coast of Spain, with the netted discovery by fishermen of a grizzled, bearded sailor. The castaway was rushed from the harbor by carriage to Cadiz, Spain, to the royal palace of King Ferdinand (Sebastian Armesto). The retrieved sailor whispered the words \"Ponce de Leon\" to the King, and gave him a logbook with archaic symbols. [He had sailed with Ponce de Leon, who had died 200 years earlier, searching for the fabled 'Fountain of Youth.'] The King ordered his trusted Spaniard (\u00d3scar Jaenada) to sail with the next tide. [PAR] The next scene was set in London, where a pirate execution was scheduled to occur, after a speedy trial in the Old Bailey courtroom. The prisoner was Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp), dubbed \"the notorious and infamous pirate, pillager, and highwayman.\" Sparrow's longtime crew-member Joshamee Gibbs (Kevin R. McNally) was mistaken as Sparrow. In disguise as a judge (after binding and gagging the real judge), Sparrow appeared in the court as Justice Smith and presided - he commuted Gibbs' sentence and ordered him to be imprisoned for life. During the transport of the prisoner to the Tower of London, Sparrow joined Gibbs in the prison carriage. Rumors were that Jack was to recruit crewmembers for his lost ship the Black Pearl on a voyage to find the 'Fountain of Youth', later that evening at the Captain's Daughter pub. When the carriage halted, the two found themselves prisoners at the St. James' Palace. Jack was dragged by royal guards to meet with King George II (Richard Griffiths), who knew of his proposed journey and wished to compete with the Spanish monarch to get there first. The King introduced the Captain of his sponsored expedition - peg-legged Crown privateer Captain Hector Barbossa (Geoffrey Rush). Sparrow's \"beloved Pearl\" had been lost in battle (\"I lost the Pearl as I lost my leg\"), and Barbossa had been commissioned to sail in the HMS Providence. [PAR] Sparrow executed an elaborate escape from the palace, jumping from one carriage to another in the muddy London streets (one of the carriages held a noblewoman (Dame Judi Dench in a brief cameo)). He was saved from being shot by one of the guards by his father, Captain Teague (Keith Richards). That evening in the Captain's Daughter pub, Jack's father told him about some of the items required at the Fountain of Youth for \"the profane ritual\" - two silver chalices from Ponce de Leon's ship. Teague also warned: \"The Fountain will test you.\" In the back storeroom of the pub, Jack confronted an imposter who was recruiting crew members under his name. He revealed the person's identity during a stalemate sword duel - the mysterious and beautiful Angelica (Pen\u00e9lope Cruz), a former lover. Supposedly in the past, she was taking her vows in a Spanish convent in Seville when he had corrupted and seduced her, left her, and stolen years of her life. During their argument, the King's royal guards interrupted them and further fighting ensued. The two escaped by dropping down through a trap door into the River Thames. After they swam ashore, they discussed the \"ritual\" required at the Fountain."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patrick Chaplin: Explains where name The Oche come from Patrick Chaplin: Explains where name The Oche come from [PAR] The Oche [PAR] WHERE DOES THE WORD OCHE ORIGINATE? [PAR] This is one question that I am asked time and time again and one for which I can only offer a theory. [PAR] 'Oche' as a word meaning the throwing line that a dart player stands behind to throw his or her darts is comparatively recent, being introduced by the British Darts Organisation in the mid-1970s. The actual word is believed to be derived from Old Flemish meaning a \u2018notch\u2019 or \u2018nick\u2019. [PAR] However, when the game of darts was first standardised in the 1920s, the word used in tournament rules was actually \u2018hockey\u2019. This word was used by the News of the World for their individual darts competitions from the late 1920s onwards. The word \u2018hockey\u2019 had previously been used to mean \u2018a line from which you throw\u2019 in the game of Aunt Sally a skittles-type game played mainly in Gloucestershire and parts of the southern counties. Whether or not the original word was \u2018oche\u2019 and was misheard and turned into \u2018hockey\u2019 is pure speculation. [PAR] The derivation of the word \u2018oche\u2019 is obscure but my best guess is that it derives from the word 'hocken' an old English word, utilised more in the North of the country than anywhere else and meaning 'to spit.' Given that darts was originally played in the public bar or vault of the English public house where the floor was often covered in sawdust and the room liberally furnished with spittoons, my theory is that the \u2018hockey\u2019 line was determined by the length that a given player could spit from a position with his back to the dartboard. [PAR] As far as I know no one else has tried to solve this mystery and even the Oxford English Dictionary cannot help! Anyone who has any alternative theory is invited to drop me a line. [PAR] However, BEFORE YOU DO THAT, please do not tell me that the word has its origins in a brewer in the West Country of England called \u2018Hockey and Sons.\u2019 I know that\u2019s what many darts websites declare as fact but it is completely and utterly untrue. The \u2018Hockey and Sons\u2019 theory runs like this: [PAR] The original regulation throwing distance for darts \u2013 nine feet \u2013 was first established in a pub served or owned by the brewers S. Hockey & Sons, a company well known in Dorset, Devon and Cornwall which used to deliver their bottled beer in wooden crates exactly 3ft (0.91m) long. After darts became popular in West Country pubs at the turn of the twentieth century, in about 1908, several pubs in Portsmouth decided to place three \u2018Hockey\u2019 beer crates end to end to determine exactly a nine feet (three crates x 3 feet) throw line. After a few months the brewers\u2019 name had been adopted by all the players and from that time the throw line became known as the \u2018hockey\u2019. [PAR] This theory was first published in 1981 when, even then, it was described as \u2018an entertaining explanation of the derivation of the word \u2018hockey\u2019\u2019. Despite this warning about the credibility of the claim, the Hockey & Sons theory spread like wildfire and eventually became historical \u2018fact\u2019. Even though it is complete and utter fiction, the theory has been featured in numerous darts books and darts websites and become part of darts\u2019 folklore. [PAR] Let us be absolutely clear. There has never ever been a brewer anywhere in Britain called \u2018S."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Swahili Plural - Learn Languages Swahili Plural [PAR] Swahili Plural [PAR] Swahili Lessons [PAR] Swahili Plural [PAR] If you're trying to learn Swahili Plural which is also called Kiswahili, check our courses about Plural and Singular... to help you with your Swahili grammar. Try to concentrate on the lesson and notice the pattern that occurs each time the word changes its place. Also don't forget to check the rest of our other lessons listed on Learn Swahili . Enjoy the rest of the lesson! [PAR] Swahili Plural [PAR] Learning the Swahili Plural displayed below is vital to the language. Swahili Plurals are grammatical numbers, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. In the English language, singular and plural are the only grammatical numbers. [PAR] Grammar Tips: [PAR] mtu amekuja( a person hascome), watu wamekuja( persons have come) [PAR] msichana ameingia( a girl hasentered), wasichana wameingia ( girls have entered) [PAR] daktari ametoka( the doctor hasgone ot) Madaktari wametoka( doctors have gone out) [PAR] [PAR] This class is called A-WA class as you cansee from sentence construction. [PAR] * In this class many nouns have prefix m- inthe singular and wa- in the prulal. However there are very many irregular nounsthat don\u2019t follow this rule. E.g Rafiki( friend) Daktari( doctor) Kiwete(lameperson), [PAR] Rafiki(a friend) becomes: marafiki ( friends) [PAR] Mwanamke(one woman) becomes: Wanawake (manywomen) [PAR] Hilii ni gari langu lekundu (this is my redcar) becomes: Haya ni magari yangu mekundu (these are my red cars) [PAR] Here are some examples:[DOC] [TLE] word Swahili - glcom.com Swahili history [PAR] Swahili History [PAR] Origin [PAR] The Swahili language, is basically of Bantu (African) origin. It has borrowed words from other languages such as Arabic probably as a result of the Swahili people using the Quran written in Arabic for spiritual guidance as Muslims. [PAR] As regards the formation of the Swahili culture and language, some scholars attribute these phenomena to the intercourse of African and Asiatic people on the coast of East Africa. The word \"Swahili\" was used by early Arab visitors to the coast and it means \"the coast\". Ultimately it came to be applied to the people and the language. [PAR] Regarding the history of the Swahili language, the older view linked to the colonial time asserts that the Swahili language originates from Arabs and Persians who moved to the East African coast. Given the fact that only the vocabulary can be associated with these groups but the syntax or grammar of the language is Bantu, this argument has been almost forgotten. It is well known that any language that has to grow and expand its territories ought to absorb some vocabulary from other languages in its way. [PAR] A suggestion has been made that Swahili is an old language. The earliest known document recounting the past situation on the East African coast written in the 2nd century AD (in Greek language by anonymous author at Alexandria in Egypt and it is called the Periplus of Erythrean Sea) says that merchants visiting the East African coast at that time from Southern Arabia, used to speak with the natives in their local language and they intermarried with them. Those that suggest that Swahili is an old language point to this early source for the possible antiquity of the Swahili language. [PAR] Words from Other Languages [PAR] It is an undeniable truth that Arab and Persian cultures had the greatest influence on the Swahili culture and the Swahili language. To demonstrate the contribution of each culture into the Swahili language, take an example of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ants Use Acid to Make \"Gardens\" in Amazon, Study Says Ants Use Acid to Make \"Gardens\" in Amazon, Study Says [PAR] Ants Use Acid to Make \"Gardens\" in Amazon, Study Says [PAR] John Roach [PAR] for National Geographic News [PAR] Updated March 20, 2006 [PAR] Ants in the Amazon rain forest labor to keep their territory free of all plants except for one tree species, according to a new study. Scientists call these cultivated spaces devil's gardens, after the local legends that hold they're home to evil spirits. Some of the gardens are at least 800 years old. [PAR] The ants' gardening tool of choice is a built-in herbicide: formic acid. Formic acid is a simple organic acid, used by humans to preserve foods and by nettles and red ants as a stinging agent. [PAR] Army Ants Obey Traffic Plans to Avoid Jams, Study Says [PAR] \"To my knowledge, no [other] insects\u0097ants or otherwise\u0097use formic acid as a herbicide,\" Megan Elizabeth Frederickson, a graduate student in biology at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, wrote in an e-mail. [PAR] Frederickson, who is currently conducting ant research in the Peruvian Amazon, is the lead author of the study, which appeared last September in the journal Nature. [PAR] Paul Fine, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, also studies insect and plant interactions in the Amazon. He deemed the finding \"very cool.\" [PAR] \"I've never heard of that before,\" he said. Fine, who was not involved with the research, added that future studies should look into whether ants behave similarly in other parts of the world. [PAR] Devil's Gardens [PAR] According to Frederickson, devil's gardens consist almost exclusively of lemon ant trees. Local legend in the Peruvian Amazon holds that the gardens are cultivated by an evil spirit called the Chuyachaqui. [PAR] The Chuyachaqui is a mythical dwarf with one human foot and one hoof. He is able to transform himself to anyone's likeness. He often appears as a friend or family member to lone travelers in the jungle and leads them around in circles until they are lost. [PAR] \"The devil's gardens are considered his home, and people avoid devil's gardens in fear of him, or at least traverse devil's gardens very cautiously,\" Frederickson said. [PAR] Previous research has suggested that the gardens are created as a result of allelopathy, a process by which one plant prevents another nearby plant from taking root through the secretion of chemicals. [PAR] Frederickson, however, noticed that the gardens only exist in the presence of the lemon ant (Myrmelachista schumanni). Lemon ant trees occupied by other ant species, or by no ants, always had other plants growing nearby."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Extreme Sports List. Extreme Sports Articles. History Of ... Extreme Sports List. Extreme Sports Articles. History Of Extreme Sports. Extreme Sports Videos. [PAR] Extreme Sports List. Extreme Sports Articles. History Of Extreme Sports. Extreme Sports Videos. [PAR] Types Of Extreme Sports. Extreme Sports Examples. Base Jumping. Extreme Sports Channel. Hydrated During High Energy Sports. [PAR] Antiques | Art | Baby | Books | Business Industrial | Cameras Photo | Cell Phones Accessories | Clothing Shoes Accessories | Coins Paper Money | Collectibles | ComputersTablets Networking | Consumer Electronics | Crafts | Dolls Bears | DVDs Movies | Entertainment Memorabilia | Gift Cards Coupons | Health Beauty | Home Garden | Jewelry Watches | Music | Musical Instruments Gear | Pet Supplies | Pottery Glass | Real Estate | Specialty Services | Sporting Goods | Sports Mem Cards Fan Shop | Stamps | Tickets Experiences | Toys Hobbies | Travel | Video Games Consoles | Everything Else | [PAR] Bare-Knuckle Boxing: Don't Let it Knock You for a Loop! [PAR] Many persons, when getting in a bit of a debate will refer to \"putting on the gloves.\" Most of us know the inference is relative to the sport of boxing. However, you may also have heard the term fisticuffs. In earlier days, fisticuffs actually pertained to a true sport: that being bare-knuckle boxing or prizefighting. Bare-knuckle boxing was the first form of boxing. It has been compared to combat sports of ancient origin. [PAR] Bare-knuckle boxing involves two persons fighting without gloves or any other form of protection on their hands. You might think this sounds like the stance used for a typical street fight however there is a difference - bare-knuckle boxing has an established set of rules. For example, in a street fight once someone knocked you down they may continue to lunge right at you; not so in bare-knuckle boxing. If you are able to take down your opponent, you don't strike him once you have done so. [PAR] The first bare-knuckle boxing champion of England was James Figg. He claimed the title in the year 1719 and was able to hold onto it until his retirement from the sport in 1730. The longest running bare-knuckle fight lasted six hours and fifteen minutes. The match was between boxing performers Jack Smith and James Kelly, held in Melbourne, Australia on October 19, 1856. The bare-knuckle boxer Jem Mace is recorded to have had the longest professional fighting career. He had a thirty-five year boxing tenure that spanned into his sixties. [PAR] The London Prize Ring Rules were the formalized rules of bare-knuckle boxing and were put together in the 19th century. They were the rules of bare-knuckle boxing or prize fighting for well over a century. They were replaced by the Marquess of Queensberry rules which are tied to the modern form of boxing. [PAR] The London Prize Ring Rules allowed for various fighting techniques inclusive of throws and holds. Also a round ended when a man was \"downed\" by the opponent's punch. He was given thirty seconds to rest if thrown, and eight seconds to come to the center of the ring to resume fighting. When the man could not come to scratch or the center of the ring, he was considered the loser of the fight. As is obvious to boxing fans nowadays, this is no longer the case. [PAR] In summary, bare-knuckle boxing was the first part of the evolution of today's modern version of \"gloved\" boxing. [PAR] Boxing Training Programs [PAR] Persons use boxing training programs for one of two reasons: [PAR] To"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] scart.htm - lpilsley.co.uk scart.htm [PAR] A Brief Guide To the SCART Socket. [PAR] What is a SCART socket?. [PAR] A SCART socket is a 21 pin connector fitted on many European TV, VCR, and Satellite products, it provides stereo sound and video signals both in and out of the item of equipment (obviously depending on the particular type of equipment), it can also provide RGB signals, which can be useful for connecting Video Game Consoles or Digital TV Set Top Boxes (STB's). The main reason for using a SCART lead is to provide stereo sound from a stereo VCR, STB or satellite receiver, this is the only way to get stereo from these sources via your TV, a NICAM (or other kind of stereo TV) won't provide stereo sound unless the source includes a stereo encoder (NICAM or other), and these are too expensive for domestic equipment. It may also provide slightly better picture quality, but with the high quality modulators used these days it often doesn't - and in fact sometimes seems slightly worse. [PAR] The SCART connector was developed by the French, originally for the sole purpose of preventing foreign TV imports, previously the French had legislation that prevented any TV imports unless the set was capable of receiving the old French 819 line monochrome system. This effectively stopped any foreign sets from being imported, but the demise of the 819 line system prevented this from being a valid reason for banning imports, so in order to try and maintain their private market they introduced the SCART socket, and passed legislation that said all TV's sold in France since 1980 must have a SCART socket. This was obviously much less of a deterrent, it was far simpler for TV manufacturers to add a SCART socket than to produce a dual-standard set, and the SCART was actually useful elsewhere with the development of cheap home video recorders. [PAR] SCART stands for Syndicat des Constructeurs d\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAppareils Radio Recepteurs et Televisieurs, it is also known as a PERITEL Socket, or a Euro Connector. [PAR] SCART socket connections. [PAR] - [PAR] What it all means!. [PAR] In general use, most of the connections are not used, from a VCR to a TV the only ones that would require connecting would be the Right and Left Audio Out, and CVBS Out (on the VCR end), and Right and Left Audio In, and CVBS In (on the TV end) plus the relevant earth connections. Normally pin 8 would be connected as well, this forces the TV to accept input from the SCART socket when it goes high, pin 8 from a VCR SCART switches high when play is pressed (or Menu selected on modern VCR's), however, this can give rise to problems. Some TV's are totally overridden when pin 8 is high, preventing any viewing of normal channels, for this reason I would usually advise disconnecting pin 8. It's not normally too bad with VCR's, but with Satellite receivers it can be a real problem, whenever the Satellite receiver is turned on the TV will switch to SCART - a huge problem if (like many people) you feed the Satellite receiver around your aerial distribution system, so never normally turn it off. [PAR] Which lead do I need? [PAR] There are two normal types of lead that can be bought, a fully wired lead (hardly ever needed) and a partially wired lead (does for almost all requirements). [PAR] The partially wired lead has the video and audio connections both ways, plus the pin 8 switching wire, if you have problems disconnect pin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pomiculture | Define Pomiculture at Dictionary.com Pomiculture | Define Pomiculture at Dictionary.com [PAR] pomiculture [PAR] the growing or cultivation of fruit. [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for pomiculture [PAR] Expand [PAR] C19: from Latin p\u014dmum apple, fruit + culture [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga's \"Cheek To Cheek\" Number 1 on ... Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga's \"Cheek To Cheek\" Number 1 on Billboard 200 | News | Great Performances | PBS [PAR] Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga\u2019s \u201cCheek To Cheek\u201d Number 1 on Billboard 200 [PAR] October 3, 2014 [PAR] 0 Comments [PAR] Congratulations to Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga! Their collaborative album Cheek To Cheek debuted September 23 and went straight to Number 1 according to the Billboard 200, which tracks the top-selling records across all genres. The dynamic duo, who first sang together on Bennett\u2019s Duets II in 2011, outsold Kenny Chesney\u2019s new album, The Big Revival which debuted at Number 2. [PAR] The 60-year age difference between the singers helps brings together longtime fans of Bennett\u2019s jazz interpretations and crooner hits of the 1950s and the \u201cLittle Monsters\u201d who devour Gaga\u2019s international electronic pop hits. Bennett became the oldest living artist to land a number one album with Duets II (on which Gaga joined him on \u201cThe Lady Is A Tramp\u201d) and he\u2019s outdone himself with this record at the age of 88. Cheek To Cheek is Gaga\u2019s second Number 1 album within a year, following her solo album, ARTPOP. [PAR] Both native New Yorkers and Italian-Americans, the two beloved entertainers have very different niches but share a love of the Great American Songbook, selections of which make up a majority of the album. [PAR] People may be surprised by Lady Gaga\u2019s jazz inclination, but she\u2019s been singing jazz since she was a teenager. In a Reddit AMAA Lady Gaga interview on October 3, Gaga writes, \u201cI was in a classic rock cover band at the same time I was in jazz band in high school and doing jazz state competitions.\u201d [PAR] Bennett praised Lady Gaga\u2019s jazz skills in an interview with NPR . \u201cShe\u2019s actually a very authentic jazz singer,\u201d he said. \u201cShe\u2019ll turn a phrase, she\u2019ll make it different, because of the moment that she\u2019s singing. And so, what happens is it keeps the songs alive; the interpretations become very intimate and everlasting.\u201d [PAR] See the two perform the songs live during Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek LIVE! airing on Great Performances as part of the PBS ARTS Fall Festival on Friday, October 24 at 9/8c on PBS.[DOC] [TLE] Tony Bennett - Biography - IMDb Tony Bennett - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Tony Bennett [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trivia (28) | Personal Quotes (23) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\u00bd\" (1.71 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Tony Bennett, one of the legends of jazz and popular music who served during the Second World War and then developed a career spanning over half a century, is now giving another concert tour across the United States and Europe. [PAR] He was born Anthony (Antonio) Dominick Benedetto on August 3, 1926, in Astoria, Queens, in New York City. His father was a grocer, his mother was a seamstress, and his uncle was a tap dancer. Young Tony gave a singing performance at the opening of the Triborough Bridge at the age of 10. He studied music and painting at the New York High School of Industrial Arts but dropped out at the age of 16. He had to support his family and he performed as a singing waiter in Italian restaurants. [PAR] During the Second World War Tony Bennett was drafted into the US Army. He served on the front lines until April 1945 and was involved in the liberation of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Comedy - The Good Life BBC - Comedy - The Good Life [PAR] The Good Life [PAR] The Good Life [PAR] Created by John Esmonde and Bob Larbey, The Good Life's four series from 1975-8 are remembered, according to the Britain's Greatest Sitcom poll, as our 9th favourite laugh. [PAR] Constantly available on UKTV, it's a must visit for anyone interested in British sitcom. [PAR] On his 40th birthday to be precise, Tom Good decides that he's had enough of the rat race and that he and wife Barbara will become self-sufficient. [PAR] The pair convert their garden into a farm, get in the pigs and chickens, grow their own crops and on one memorable occasion, try to dye their own wool with nettles. [PAR] Tom and Barbara would just be lone loons were it not for their neighbours, the henpecked Jerry Leadbetter and wife Margot, a social climber who cannot bear chickens wandering the back garden. [PAR] The Good Life attacked the middle class and the 'alternative' lifestyle at once, showing Margot's snobbishness as blindness, and Tom's fanatical self-sufficiency as going too far. [PAR] Examples of Tom's pursuit of natural alternatives leading down the wrong path include his attempts to make a methane-powered car that continually breaks down, as well as the problems Barbara and Tom have trying to kill their chicken, forcing them through pride to make a 'sumptuous feast' of a single egg. [PAR] The Good Life was remarkable for the consistent characterisation. Though initially dominated by Tom, Barbara was soon balancing his mad schemes with pragmatism and comforting his occasional lapses into depression. Jerry's mocking derision of Tom's step sideways become grudging respect, and even snobbish Margot was human and real. [PAR] The series showcased the talents of Richard Briers, Felicity Kendal, Penelope Keith and Paul Eddington and made all three of the latter into solo stars afterwards, with Kendal becoming a sex-symbol (still is, let\u2019s face it), while Keith in To The Manor Born and Eddington in Yes Minister created roles that were to become even better known than their Good Life creations. [PAR] Briers went on to create possibly the saddest small-screen comic character of all time, Martin Brice in Ever Decreasing Circles. [PAR] The thirty episodes of The Good Life became household favourites, and are still enduring icons of their time. [PAR] In a good-natured, light-hearted way, they showed how hard it was, and is, to be different to those around you, and the kind of courage it takes to be so."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Food in Russia - Russian Food, Russian Cuisine ... Food in Russia - Russian Food, Russian Cuisine - traditional, popular, dishes, recipe, diet, history, meals, staple, main [PAR] Food in Russia - Russian Food, Russian Cuisine [PAR] Russia [PAR] Recipes [PAR] 1 GEOGRAPHIC SETTING AND ENVIRONMENT [PAR] Russia is the largest country in Europe, with 6.6 million square miles (17 million square kilometers). It is 1.8 times the size of the United States. Russian land extends to the Arctic Ocean in the north. Russia shares borders with China and Mongolia to the south, and Ukraine, Latvia, Belarus, Lithuania, and Finland to the west. About three-fourths of the land is arable (able to be farmed), although the output from farms decreased during the 1980s and 1990s. After the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) broke apart in 1991, the Russian government started a program to encourage small farmers. From 1991 to 2001 about 150,000 new small farms were established. [PAR] 2 HISTORY AND FOOD [PAR] Russia has a history of a diet based on crops that can thrive in cold climates, such as grains (rye, barley, buckwheat, and wheat), root vegetables (beets, turnips, potatoes, onions), and cabbage. Ivan III (ruled 1462\u20131505) brought Italian craftsmen to Russia to build public buildings. These craftsmen introduced pasta, frozen desserts (gelato and sherbet), and pastries to the Russian diet. [PAR] Peter I (ruled 1682\u20131725), known as \"The Great,\" included a French chef in his court. It was during his reign that Russians began to serve meals in courses, rather than to serve all the food at once. From that time until the Russian Revolution in 1917, many wealthy Russian families employed French chefs. When French chefs returned home to France, they introduced popular Russian dishes to the people of Europe. The Salade Russe, known in Russia as Salat Olivier or Salad Rusky was created during the era of Nicholas II (in power until 1917) by a French chef. [PAR] Salat Olivier (Russian Salad) [PAR] 2 carrots, boiled and diced [PAR] 4 hardboiled eggs; 3 should be chopped and 1 cut into quarters for garnish [PAR] \u00bd onion, finely chopped [PAR] \u00bd cup canned or frozen peas, drained [PAR] \u00bc pound bologna, chopped [PAR] 2 to 4 Tablespoons mayonnaise [PAR] 4 to 6 large lettuce leaves [PAR] Procedure [PAR] Peel the potatoes, cut them in half, and place them in a saucepan. Cover the potatoes with water, heat over high heat until the water boils, and simmer until the potatoes can be pierced with a fork (about 15 to 20 minutes). Drain and allow to cool. [PAR] Repeat the same process with the two carrots. [PAR] When both are cooled, cut into cubes and place in a large mixing bowl. [PAR] Add remaining ingredients (except mayonnaise) and toss gently to combine. [PAR] Stir in 2 Tablespoons of mayonnaise, or enough mayonnaise to hold ingredients together. [PAR] Arrange clean, dry lettuce leaves on a platter, and mound the salad in a pyramid shape in the center. [PAR] Spread more mayonnaise over the top of the salad like frosting. [PAR] Garnish with hardboiled egg slices. [PAR] Serves 6 to 8. [PAR] From the time of the Russian Revolution in 1917 until 1981, all of the restaurants in Russia (then part of the USSR) were owned and operated by the government. Most stores were run by the government, too. Due to food shortages and inefficient store management, families had to stand in long lines to buy bread, meat, and other basic food items. In 1981 President Mikhail Gorbachev began reforms that culminated in the 1991 breakup of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand National 2011: Ballabriggs wins in a day of drama at ... Grand National 2011: Ballabriggs wins in a day of drama at Aintree | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] 22-year-old Irish jockey taken to hospital with head injuries in pre-Grand National race [PAR] Two horses fatally injured in falls which led to just 28 fences being jumped for the first time [PAR] BBC responds to criticism by saying presenters handled deaths 'sensitively' [PAR] Critical condition: Peter Toole was injured in a race preceding yesterday's Grand National [PAR] Jockey Peter Toole is in a critical condition in hospital after being hurt in a heavy fall at Aintree on Grand National Day. [PAR] Toole was injured when his mount, the outsider Classic Fly, crashed to the ground in the early stages of the John Smith's Maghull Novices' Chase, the 2.15pm race on the card yesterday. [PAR] The 22-year-old has been put in a medically-induced coma after he suffered bleeding on the right side of his brain and a dislocated shoulder. [PAR] His fall came before two horses died during yesterday\u2019s Grand National in one of the most \u2018distressing\u2019 races in recent history. [PAR] The 22-year-old Irishman was taken to the nearby Fazakerley Hospital then later transferred to the hospital's Walton Centre For Neurology & Neuro Surgery. [PAR] Trainer Charlie Mann, to whom Mr Toole is attached as a conditional jockey, said: 'He's in an induced coma and he won't be brought out until Monday at the earliest. [PAR] 'He has bleeding on the right-hand side of his brain. He also dislocated a shoulder which has since been put back in place. [PAR] 'He's on a ventilator, and it's not great - but we won't know any more until Monday.' [PAR] Weighing-room colleague David Crosse added: 'Ive spoken to Peter's dad who said he remains stable, but with no improvement. [PAR] 'He's going to be sedated for 24 hours.' [PAR] During the Grand National, millions of TV viewers saw Ornais fall at the fourth fence, breaking his neck, while Dooneys Gate broke his back minutes later at Becher\u2019s Brook. [PAR] It meant that for the first time in the race\u2019s history the two fences were bypassed during the second circuit of the Aintree track \u2013 as the horses were hastily screened off with tarpaulins. [PAR] But the BBC was accused of a \u2018cover-up\u2019 after commentator Mick Fitzgerald described the dead horses as \u2018obstacles\u2019. [PAR] Distressing sight: Runners and riders lie in a tangle on the ground after jumping the notorious Becher's Brook where Dooneys Gate died today [PAR] The former Grand National winner made the remark while discussing how chequered flags were waved as jockeys approached the 20th and 22nd fences, which they were required to bypass because the dead bodies had not been removed. [PAR] Mr Fitzgerald said: \u2018The thing is, you know there is an obstacle ahead, that\u2019s what these chequered flags tell you.\u2019 [PAR] One viewer wrote on the corporation\u2019s own website: \u2018I\u2019m amazed that the BBC coverage pans over the tarpaulins on the re-run and the commentators just talk about \u201cobstacles\u201d.\u2019 [PAR] Another said: \u2018And the BBC \u2013 shame on you. No mention of what\u2019s happened, even when there\u2019s 2 dead covered horses on screen.\u2019 [PAR] On The Mail on Sunday website, commenters also expressed outrage. \u2018Jax\u2019 branded the race \u2018disgusting and cruel\u2019, adding: \u2018It\u2019s not the Grand National, it\u2019s a national disgrace.\u2019 [PAR] Covered up: A dead horse is hidden by tarpaulin as the race continues over on the far side of the Aintree course [PAR] Another, \u2018Phoenix\u2019, said: \u2018I cannot believe in this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sharpe Series, The - The Compleat Sean Bean The Sharpe Series [PAR] The Sharpe Series [PAR] Last Update: 04 September 2003 [PAR] (You need a browser capable of viewing tables to see this page properly) [PAR] Richard Sharpe is the dashing maverick British rifleman fighting against Napoleon in 19th century Europe in this British television series. Based on the best-selling novels by Bernard Cornwell, the series also stars Assumpta Serna as Teresa, Daragh O'Malley as Harper, Abigail Cruttenden as Jane and Cecile Paoli as Lucille. [PAR] Trivia: The name of the horse Sean rode in the series was Fantastice. [PAR] [PAR] The Video Diaries of Rifleman Harris. Click here for an insider's look behind the scenes of the Sharpe Series. [PAR] The complete listing of all of the Sharpe episodes (dates shown are the original UK airdates). [PAR] Click on the episode title for cast and crew details and additional pictures. [PAR] Series 1: [PAR] Sharpe's Eagle (May 12, 1993) [PAR] Series 2:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CD Measurements | Dimensions Info CD Measurements | Dimensions Info [PAR] CD Measurements [PAR] As a standard in storing audio and digital data, we tend to think of the [PAR] Compact Disc as a relatively recent innovation. But in fact, the format has been around since the 1980\u2019s, and the technology had been in development as far back as the 1970\u2019s. [PAR] Spinning-off from the Laserdisc video format, Sony had been developing optical digital audio disc technology, with public demonstrations in September 1976 and September 1978. Philips would demonstrate their own prototype in March 8, 1979. Later that same year, both firms jointly began developments on the Compact Disc-Digital Audio (CD-DA) format. Following a year of discourse and testing, the co-manufacturing effort would yield the Red Book audio CD standard. [PAR] The first CD test recording, Richard Strauss\u2019 Eine Alpensinfonie (\u201cAn Alpine Symphony\u201d) by the Berlin Philharmonic, was pressed in 1981. In October 1, 1982, Sony unveiled the first CD player, the CDP-101, and the first commercially-released CD album (\u201c52nd Street\u201d by Billy Joel). In 1983, Sony and Philips co-produced the Yellow Book CD-ROM standard, which now enabled the compact disc to store read-only digital information for use on a computer. [PAR] The most common measurement for a regular compact disc is a diameter of 120 mm (12 cm). These standard-sized CD\u2019s can contain 74 up to 99 minutes of sound and are capable of holding 650 to 870 MB of digital data. This size has since been used for successive CD formats such as Super Audio CD (SACD), Super Video CD (SCVD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), High Definition DVD (HD DVD), and Blu-ray. [PAR] Mini CD\u2019s have a measurement of 80 mm (8 cm), with an audio capacity of 21 to 24 minutes and a CD-ROM data capacity of 185 to 210 MB. The format was initially intended for CD singles, but it never really caught on. At present, most singles (referred to as Maxi singles) are released on the 120 mm standard compact disc size. Mini-CD\u2019s are still in use as device drivers. [PAR] Aside from the two standard CD measurements, there are also so-called Novelty CD\u2019s that come in various sizes and shapes. Mainly used for marketing purposes, the most frequent variety is the \u201cBusiness card\u201d CD, which is basically a single compact disc with the top and bottom portions of it removed to make it look like a business card. Its diameters are 85\u00d754 mm to 86\u00d764 mm, with a 6-minute audio capacity and a 10 to 65 MB data capacity. [PAR] Follow Us![DOC] [TLE] Metric Length - mathsisfun.com Metric Length [PAR] About Ads [PAR] Metric Length [PAR] We can measure how long things are, or how tall, or how far apart they are. Those are are all examples of length measurements. [PAR] Example: This fork is 20 centimeters long [PAR] These are the most common measurements: [PAR] Millimeters [PAR] Small units of length are called millimeters. [PAR] A millimeter is about the thickness of a plastic id card (or credit card). [PAR] Or about the thickness of 10 sheets of paper on top of each other. [PAR] This is a very small measurement! [PAR] [PAR] When we have 10 millimeters, it can be called a centimeter. [PAR] 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters [PAR] A fingernail is about one centimeter wide. [PAR] Two tape measures, one in mm, the other in cm [PAR] We can use millimeters or centimeters to measure how tall we are, or how wide a table is, but to measure the length of football field it is better to use"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The island of Cyprus is geographicaly located in the ... The island of Cyprus is geographicaly located in the mediterranean sea [PAR] Contact [PAR] Cyprus Geography [PAR] The island of Cyprus is situated in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean, measuring 240 km in length, and 100 km in width. [PAR] Due to its geographic location, Cyprus can be included in the Middle East, Western Asia, or Europe. Turkey is 75 km to the north, Syria is 105 km to the east, Lebanon is 108 km to the east, Israel is 200 km to the southeast, Egypt is 380 km to the south, the Greek mainland is 800 km to the west-northwest: Rhodes is 400 km away, and 280 km from Cyprus to the small Dodecanese island of Kastell\u00f3rizo (Mey\u00edsti). [PAR] Cyprus\u2019 physical setting is dominated by the mountain masses and the central plain they encompass, the Mesaoria. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area. The narrow Kyrenia Range, extending along the northern coastline, occupies substantially less area, and has lower elevations. Coastal lowlands surround the island with varying widths. [PAR] The Mesaoria (meaning between the mountains) is a sweeping plain that makes up the centre of the island. The Mesaoria plain is bounded on the east and west by the Mediterranean Sea, on the south by the Troodos mountains, and on the north by the Kyrenia mountains. It has an area of approximately 1000 square km. It rises to an altitude of 325 metres, with an average elevation of around 100 meters. There are a number of rivers and other water courses crossing this plain, but none of them have water all year round. The Mesaoria is the most settled region on the island, containing dozens of villages and many of the largest towns, including the capital, Nicosia. [PAR] The Troodos mountain range is the biggest mountain range of Cyprus, located in the center of the island, it stretches across most of the western side of Cyprus. Its highest peak is Mount Olympus at 1,952 metres. The area has been known since ancient times for its copper mines, and in the Byzantine period it became a great centre of Byzantine art, as churches and monasteries were built in the mountains, away from the threatened coastline, and they still exist today. [PAR] The Kyrenia mountain range is a long, narrow chain of mountains that runs approximately 160 km along the north coast of Cyprus. The collective range is also known as the Pentadactylos. The mountains are primarily limestone, with some marble. The highest mountain, Kyparissovouno is 1,024 metres in elevation. The western half of the range is known as the Pentadactylos (five fingers) mountains. Though only half the height of the Troodos mountains, the Kyrenia mountains are very rugged and rise abruptly from the Mesaoria plain making them a spectacular sight. [PAR] The Cyprus Mediterranean Forests ecoregion encompasses the high and steep Troodos massif and hills and low plains of the island, which host a wide range of habitats. With approximately 1,800 species and subspecies of flowering plants, Cyprus is a botanist's paradise. [PAR] Oak, strawberry, juniper, and cypress trees thrive at lower elevations, whilst the driest low plains in the center host a semi-arid, shrub-like vegetation and wild olive trees, and carob trees. [PAR] In the medium elevations pine forests are wide-spread and endemic evergreen oak forests. [PAR] The higher elevations of the mountains are covered in pine forests and juniper woodlands which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nursery Rhymes 2 Simple Simon Met A Pieman Going ... - YouTube Nursery Rhymes 2 Simple Simon Met A Pieman Going Too The Fair.flv - YouTube [PAR] Nursery Rhymes 2 Simple Simon Met A Pieman Going Too The Fair.flv [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 11, 2010 [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] Play now [PAR] Mix - Nursery Rhymes 2 Simple Simon Met A Pieman Going Too The Fair.flvYouTube [PAR] 70 Golden Nursery Rhymes VHS Part 1 - Duration: 13:38. hitchwen 182,385 views [PAR] 13:38 [PAR] Nursery Rhymes 2 This Old Man He Played One He Play Knick Knack On My Drum With A Knick knack Paddy Whack Give The Dog A Bone This Old Man Came Rolling Home - Duration: 1:38. MrHammadmossop1988 42,150 views [PAR] 1:38 [PAR] Nursery Rhymes 2 The Wheels On The Bus Go Round And Round This Used Too Be My Very Favourite Song - Duration: 1:12. MrHammadmossop1988 64,460 views [PAR] 1:12 [PAR] Nursery Rhymes 2 Part 54 - Duration: 9:43. MrHammadmossop1988 27,965 views [PAR] 9:43 [PAR] Ending Too Here We Go Looby Loo And Then The Music For Here We Go Gathering Nuts In May From Way Back In 1990 From The Nursery Rhymes 2 Video - Duration: 1:21. MrHammadmossop1988 23,168 views [PAR] 1:21 [PAR] 70 Golden Nursery Rhymes Promo - Duration: 2:39. NurseryRhymesVideos 20,068 views [PAR] 2:39 [PAR] Ending Too The Animals Went Into By Two And Then Poor Jenny Sits A Weeping A Weeping A Weeping. - Duration: 1:40. MrHammadmossop1988 9,724 views [PAR] 1:40 [PAR] Top 45 Kids Songs - English Nursery Rhymes Collection for Babies & Toddlers - Duration: 1:07:52. Nursery Rhyme Street - Kids Songs and Rhymes 5,423,939 views [PAR] 1:07:52 [PAR] Ending Too One Two Buckle My Shoe And Then Dance To Your Daddy The Whole Full Song From Way Back In The Year Of 1990 A Very Long Time Ago - Duration: 0:38. MrHammadmossop1988 7,777 views [PAR] 0:38[DOC] [TLE] Simple Simon Met a Pieman - English Children's Songs ... Simple Simon Met a Pieman - English Children's Songs - England - Mama Lisa's World: Children's Songs and Rhymes from Around the World [PAR] Simple Simon Met a Pieman [PAR] Simple Simon is sung to the tune of Yankee Doodle! [PAR] Simple Simon Met a Pieman [PAR] Nursery Rhyme [PAR] Simple Simon met a pieman [PAR] Going to the fair; [PAR] Says Simple Simon to the pieman, [PAR] \"Let me taste your ware.\" [PAR] Says the pieman to Simple Simon, [PAR] \"Show me first your penny.\" [PAR] Says Simple Simon to the pieman, [PAR] \"Indeed, I have not any.\" [PAR] Simple Simon went a-fishing [PAR] For to catch a whale; [PAR] All the water he had got [PAR] Was in his mother's pail. [PAR] Simple Simon Met a Pieman [PAR] Nursery Rhyme [PAR] Simple Simon met a pieman [PAR] Going to the fair; [PAR] Says Simple Simon to the pieman, [PAR] \"Let me taste your ware.\" [PAR] Says the pieman to Simple Simon, [PAR] \"Show me first your penny.\" [PAR] Says Simple Simon to the pieman, [PAR] \"Indeed, I have not any.\" [PAR] Simple Simon went a-fishing [PAR] For to catch a whale; [PAR] All the water he had got [PAR] Was in his mother's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton: 2009 to 2013 Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton: 2009 to 2013 [PAR] Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton: 2009 to 2013 [PAR] (Please note: The schedule page is updated with new schedules for Secretary Kerry. Access prior years (and months) in left-hand navigation.) [PAR] In This Section: [PAR] U.S. Embassies [PAR] The Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for information from the U.S. State Department.External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein.Note: documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) require Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher to view, download Adobe Acrobat Reader .[DOC] [TLE] Hillary Rodham Clinton - People - State Hillary Rodham Clinton - People - Department History - Office of the Historian [PAR] Hillary Rodham Clinton - People - Department History [PAR] Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947\u2013) [PAR] Introduction [PAR] On January 21, 2009, Hillary Rodham Clinton was sworn in as the 67th Secretary of State of the United States. Secretary Clinton joined the State Department after nearly four decades in public service as an advocate, attorney, First Lady, and Senator. [PAR] Hillary Rodham Clinton, 67th Secretary of State [PAR] Secretary Clinton was born in Chicago, Illinois on October 26, 1947 to Dorothy Rodham and the late Hugh Rodham. [PAR] She attended local public schools before graduating from Wellesley College and Yale Law School, where she met Bill Clinton. In 1974, Secretary Clinton moved to Arkansas, a year later then married Bill Clinton and became a successful attorney while also raising their daughter, Chelsea. She was an assistant professor at the University of Arkansas School of Law, and after working to strengthen the local legal aid office, she was appointed by President Jimmy Carter in 1977 to serve on the board of the Legal Services Corporation, which she later chaired. [PAR] During her 12 years as First Lady of the State of Arkansas, she was Chairwoman of the Arkansas Education Standards Committee, co-founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families, and served on the boards of the Arkansas Children's Hospital, and the Children's Defense Fund. [PAR] In 1992, Governor Clinton was elected President of the United States, and as First Lady, Hillary Clinton became an advocate of health care reform and worked on many issues relating to children and families. She led successful bipartisan efforts to improve the adoption and foster care systems, reduce teen pregnancy, and provide health care to millions of children through the Children's Health Insurance Program. She also traveled to more than 80 countries as a representative of our country, winning respect as a champion of human rights, democracy and civil society. Her famous speech in Beijing in 1995 -- when she declared that \"human rights are women's rights, and women's rights are human rights\" \u2013 inspired women worldwide and helped galvanize a global movement for women\u2019s rights. [PAR] With Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, Secretary Clinton worked to launch the government\u2019s Vital Voices Democracy Initiative. Today, Vital Voices is a non-governmental organization that continues to train and organize women leaders across the globe. [PAR] In 2000, Hillary Clinton made history as the first First Lady elected to the United States Senate, and the first woman elected statewide in New York. In the Senate, she served on the Armed Services Committee, the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Budget Committee and the Select Committee on Aging. She was also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1679 - The Habeas Corpus Act | Magna Carta Trust 800th ... 1679 - The Habeas Corpus Act | Magna Carta Trust 800th Anniversary | Celebrating 800 years of democracy [PAR] History of the Magna Carta [PAR] 1679 \u2013 The Habeas Corpus Act [PAR] Home \u00bb History of the Magna Carta \u00bb The Magna Carta Timeline \u00bb 1679 \u2013 The Habeas Corpus Act [PAR] The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, was passed during the reign of the restored monarchy of Charles II after the English Civil War. It strengthened the ancient and powerful writ which had been a feature of English Common Law since before Magna Carta. It served to safeguard individual liberty, preventing unlawful or arbitrary imprisonment. Habeas Corpus is Latin for \u00e2\u0080\u009cyou may have the body\u00e2\u0080\u009d \u00e2\u0080\u0093 subject to legal examination before a court, or a judge. [PAR] Featured Article[DOC] [TLE] Habeas Corpus Act of England 1679 by Anonymous on iBooks Habeas Corpus Act of England 1679 by Anonymous on iBooks [PAR] This book is available for download with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device, and with iTunes on your computer. Books can be read with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device. [PAR] Description [PAR] The Habeas Corpus Act 1679 was an Act of Parliament passed during the reign of King Charles II that helped establish the name of that session as the Habeas Corpus Parliament. It was passed in order to fully define and strengthen the ancient writ of habeas corpus, so that persons unlawfully detained cannot be ordered to be prosecuted before a court of law. [PAR] The Act is often wrongly described as the origin of the writ of habeas corpus, which had existed in England for over 300 years. The Act followed an earlier act of 1640, which established that the command of the King or the Privy Council was no answer to a petition of habeas corpus, which had greatly limited the King\u2019s ability to manufacture crimes and punishment. Further Habeas Corpus Acts were passed by the British Parliament in 1803, 1804, 1816 and 1862, but it is the Act of 1679 which is remembered as one of the most important statutes in English constitutional history. [PAR] Though amended, it remains on the statute book to this day. [PAR] Print Length: 4 Pages [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Requirements: To view this book, you must have an iOS device with iBooks 1.3.1 or later and iOS 4.3.3 or later, or a Mac with iBooks 1.0 or later and OS X 10.9 or later. [PAR] Customer Ratings"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny Depp - Biography - IMDb Johnny Depp - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Johnny Depp [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 328 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (8) | Trivia (175) | Personal Quotes (122) | Salary (16) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Johnny Depp is perhaps one of the most versatile actors of his day and age in Hollywood. [PAR] He was born John Christopher Depp II in Owensboro, Kentucky, on June 9, 1963, to Betty Sue (Wells), who worked as a waitress, and John Christopher Depp, a civil engineer. [PAR] Depp was raised in Florida. He dropped out of school when he was 15, and fronted a series of music-garage bands, including one named 'The Kids'. However, it was when he married Lori Anne Allison ( Lori A. Depp ) that he took up the job of being a ballpoint-pen salesman to support himself and his wife. A visit to Los Angeles, California, with his wife, however, happened to be a blessing in disguise, when he met up with actor Nicolas Cage , who advised him to turn to acting, which culminated in Depp's film debut in the low-budget horror film, A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), where he played a teenager who falls prey to dream-stalking demon Freddy Krueger. [PAR] In 1987 he shot to stardom when he replaced Jeff Yagher in the role of undercover cop Tommy Hanson in the popular TV series 21 Jump Street (1987). [PAR] In 1990, after numerous roles in teen-oriented films, his first of a handful of great collaborations with director Tim Burton came about when Depp played the title role in Edward Scissorhands (1990). Following the film's success, Depp carved a niche for himself as a serious, somewhat dark, idiosyncratic performer, consistently selecting roles that surprised critics and audiences alike. He continued to gain critical acclaim and increasing popularity by appearing in many features before re-joining with Burton in the lead role of Ed Wood (1994). In 1997 he played an undercover FBI agent in the fact-based film Donnie Brasco (1997), opposite Al Pacino ; in 1998 he appeared in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), directed by Terry Gilliam ; and then, in 1999, he appeared in the sci-fi/horror film The Astronaut's Wife (1999). The same year he teamed up again with Burton in Sleepy Hollow (1999), brilliantly portraying Ichabod Crane. [PAR] Depp has played many characters in his career, including another fact-based one, Insp. Fred Abberline in From Hell (2001). He stole the show from screen greats such as Antonio Banderas in the finale to Robert Rodriguez 's \"mariachi\" trilogy, Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003). In that same year he starred in the marvelous family blockbuster Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), playing a character that only the likes of Depp could pull off: the charming, conniving and roguish Capt. Jack Sparrow. The film's enormous success has opened several doors for his career and included an Oscar nomination. He appeared as the central character in the Stephen King -based movie, Secret Window (2004); as the kind-hearted novelist James Barrie in the factually-based Finding Neverland (2004), where he co-starred with Kate Winslet ; and Rochester in the British film, The Libertine (2004). Depp collaborated again with Burton in a screen adaptation of Roald Dahl 's novel, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), and later in Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Dark Shadows (2012). [PAR] Off-screen, Depp has dated several female celebrities,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The new Hellraiser movie will feature a new actor as ... The new Hellraiser movie will feature a new actor as Pinhead \u2014 moviepilot.com [PAR] 'Hellraiser X: Judgement' Has Pinned Down A New Actor To Play Pinhead [PAR] February 22, 2016 at 12:23PM [PAR] By Ricky Derisz , writer at Creators.co [PAR] Staff Writer at MP. \"Holy cow, Rick! I didn't know hanging out with you was making me smarter!\" [PAR] The British horror franchise Hellraiser is instantly recognizable. Based upon Clive Barker's novella The Hellbound Heart, the story of a torturous, hell-like fantasy world has terrified generations across nine feature films since the original in 1987. [PAR] With news of a tenth film, Hellraiser X: Judgement, being produced, one of the first questions is inevitably: who will play Pinhead? The Cenobite leader isn't just a walking DIY experiment gone wrong, oh no. He's also one of the most sadistic characters seen on screen. [PAR] There'll Be No Bradley This Time [PAR] Doug Bradley nailed the role for the first eight films, and for many, the actor and the character are synonymous. Bradley was replaced by Stephan Smith Collins for Revelations, and unfortunately won't be returning for the new film. [PAR] According to a Facebook post by Bradley , he was required to sign a gagging order before reading the script, which led him to decline. In response, Bloody Disgusting report that director Gary Tunnicliffe had hoped Bradley would play the role, and that non-disclosure agreements are fairly standard practice. [PAR] A New Actor Confirmed [PAR] Following Bradley turning the role down, Tunnicliffe has found another actor to play the iconic role. He said: [PAR] \"A few weeks later, we found him: a classically trained stage and film actor who brings a great physical presence and more than a hint of Peter Cushing and Ralph Fiennes. I can\u2019t wait to get him bound in leather, gridded up and in front of the camera and on screens!\" [PAR] 'We Have A Fun Script' [PAR] As well as the Cushing and Fiennes hybrid, A Nightmare On Elm Street victim Heather Langenkamp will be joining the cast. Director Tunniccliffe, who has spent the majority of his 23 year career working in FX, promised fans his Hellraiser offering will be worth the watch. He said: [PAR] \u201cI know we can NEVER make a film as great as the first two HELLRAISER\u2019s, I wouldn\u2019t even attempt to do so, but I think we have a fun script here an opportunity with an amazing cast and crew to give you all something that feels a little familiar, a little different, completely terrifying and is a worthy part of the HELLRAISER Canon\u2026 oh and of course if you want blood?\u2026 well you\u2019ve got it!\u201d [PAR] 'Hellraiser X: Judgement' will be released in 2017. [PAR] Are you a Hellraiser fan? What are your thoughts on a tenth film? [PAR] Trending from our Creators [PAR] What to read next"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leprechaun (1993) - IMDb Leprechaun (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An evil, sadistic Leprechaun goes on a killing rampage in search of his beloved pot of gold. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 25 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 01 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Leprechaun \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] On his one thousandth birthday, an evil leprechaun selects the descendant of one of his slaves to have as his bride, leaving it up to the girl's boyfriend to save her. [PAR] Director: Rodman Flender [PAR] An evil leprechaun finds himself in Las Vegas, where he proceeds to cause mischief by killing people, granting twisted wishes, and infecting a young man with his green blood. [PAR] Director: Brian Trenchard-Smith [PAR] Our deadly leprechaun is in space to woo a beautiful princess who is impressed with his gold and desires to separate him from it. [PAR] Director: Brian Trenchard-Smith [PAR] When three rappers want to get even with a pimp, they accidentally unleash a leprechaun who goes on a killing rampage in the 'hood. [PAR] Director: Rob Spera [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.9/10 X [PAR] When Emily Woodrow and her friends happen on a treasure chest full of gold coins, they fail to to heed the warnings of a wise old psychic who had foretold that they would encounter trouble with a very nasty and protective Leprechaun. [PAR] Director: Steven Ayromlooi [PAR] Two young couples backpacking through Ireland discover that one of Ireland's most famous legends is a terrifying reality. [PAR] Director: Zach Lipovsky [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When Dan O'Grady returns to the U.S. after stealing some Irish leprechaun's pot of gold, he thinks he can settle down and enjoy his newfound wealth. He thought wrong. The leprechaun followed him and O'Grady barely gets away with his life, having locked the little monster in his basement. Ten years later, J.D. and his spoiled daughter Tory move in. By accident, the leprechaun is released and almost immediately the annoying creature starts to look for his gold, not displaying any respect for human life. Written by Peter Zweers <peterz@pi.net> [PAR] Her luck just ran out [DVD] See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for horror violence and language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 8 January 1993 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Jennifer Aniston 's feature film debut. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When the Leprechaun is chasing Tory around the nursing home, his arms turn the wheelchair wheels magically quickly. But in one shot of him in the chair (that also includes Tory), his arms are moving at normal speed. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [first lines] [PAR] Leprechaun : [the Leprechaun talks to himself while sitting over his pot of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Shining (1980) - IMDb The Shining (1980) [PAR] Mono [PAR] Certification: [PAR] Argentina:18 (original rating) | Argentina:13 (re-rating) | Australia:M (original rating) | Australia:MA15+ (re-rating) (1999) | Brazil:14 | Canada:18A (British Columbia) | Canada:R (Manitoba/Ontario) (original rating) | Canada:R (Nova Scotia) | Canada:18+ (Quebec) (original rating) | Canada:14A (Manitoba/Ontario) (re-rating) (2007) | Canada:13+ (Quebec) (re-rating) (2007) | Chile:18 | Denmark:15 | Denmark:15 (DVD rating) | Denmark:16 (video rating) | Finland:K-16 (1992) | Finland:K-18 (1980) | France:12 | Germany:16 | Greece:K-17 | Hong Kong:III | Hungary:18 | Iceland:16 | India:A | Ireland:18 | Ireland:16 (theatrical re-release) (2012) | Italy:VM14 | Japan:R-15 | Malaysia:U | Netherlands:16 | New Zealand:R16 | Norway:18 | Philippines:X | Portugal:M/16 | Singapore:M18 | South Korea:(Banned) (original rating) | South Korea:18 (DVD rating) (2004) (uncut) | Spain:13 | Sweden:15 | UK:X (original rating) | UK:15 (re-rating) (2007) | UK:18 (video rating) (1986) | USA:R (Approved #25995) | West Germany:16 [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] from London [PAR] I can't praise this film long enough! [PAR] The Shining is, without doubt, one of Stanley Kubrick's undisputed masterpieces and a true classic in horror cinema. It is a film that, over the course of the years, has managed to scare the living hell out of its audiences (and still does). The film is an adaptation of Stepehen King's original novel, written in the late '70s, and although the film is not very loyal to the book, it still stands as a thing of its own. [PAR] Right from the beginning, as we contemplate the car going to the hotel from those stunning aerial shots, deeply inside us we know that something in the film, somehow, sometime is going to go wrong. As we obtain that severe warning, an almost inaudible voice gently whispers to us 'sit tight', a sense of unexpectedness invades us all, and it is that very same feeling that makes our hair stand on end throughout out the entire movie. [PAR] The plot is simple: Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) becomes the caretaker of the Overlook Hotel in up in the secluded mountains of Colorado. Jack, being a family man, takes his wife (Shelley Duvall) and son (Danny Lloyd) to the hotel to keep him company throughout the long, isolated nights. During their stay, strange things occur when Jack's son Danny sees gruesome images powered by a force called 'the shining' and Jack is heavily affected by this. Along with writer's block and the demons of the hotel haunting him, Jack has a complete mental breakdown and the situation takes a sinister turn for the worse. [PAR] The film, unlike many horror-oriented films nowadays, doesn't only rely on stomach-churning and gory images (which it does contain, anyway) but on the incredibly scary music based on the works of B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k and on the excellent cinematography (the Steadicam is superbly used, giving us a sense of ever-following evil), as well. The terrifying mood and atmosphere of the film is carefully and masterfully woven by Kubrick, who clearly knows how to really make a horror movie. [PAR] Jack Nicholson's powerful performance as the mad father and husband is as over the top as it is brilliant. Shelley Duvall, who plays the worrying wife who tries to help her son, is also a stand out; she shows a kind of trembling fear in many scenes and is able to display weakness and vulnerability in a very convincing way. Undoubtedly, The Shining is full of memorable moments (the elevator scene or the 'Heeeeeere's Johnny' one-liner for instance) and, simply put, it's flawlessly brilliant. [PAR] Stanley Kubrick's direction is pure excellence,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) trailer - Turner Classic Movies Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) trailer [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) - (Original... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) [PAR] Spencer Tracy plays both title roles in... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) - (Original Trailer) [PAR] A scientist's experiments on himself result in a dangerous split personality in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941).> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) Are... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll (Spencer Tracy) is giving the brush-off to... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) Are You Ill? [PAR] Dr. Jekyll (Spencer Tracy) is giving the brush-off to despairing Beatrice (Lana Turner) until \"Hyde\" emerges, leading to a foggy gothic London chase in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1941.> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) - (Movie Clip) Can... [PAR] Jekyll (Spencer Tracy) awakens from his first dose of his... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) - (Movie Clip) Can This Be Evil? [PAR] Jekyll (Spencer Tracy) awakens from his first dose of his potion, to discover that he's now Hyde, with the butler Poole (Peter Godfrey) outside creating a problem in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1941.> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) A... [PAR] Dazzling barmaid Ivy (Ingrid Bergman) may not seem English... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) A Sovereign, My Dear [PAR] Dazzling barmaid Ivy (Ingrid Bergman) may not seem English but she does appear frightened when her new customer Hyde (Spencer Tracy) somehow reminds her of another named Jekyll in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1941.> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Ivy (Ingrid Bergman) is dumbfounded when Hyde (Spencer... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) Cheap Little Dreams! [PAR] Ivy (Ingrid Bergman) is dumbfounded when Hyde (Spencer Tracy) interrupts her private celebration and proves his intimate knowledge of her relations with Jekyll, in William Dieterle's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1941.> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) The... [PAR] Hyde (Spencer Tracy) visits Ivy (Ingrid Bergman) at her... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) The Moment Is Mine! [PAR] Hyde (Spencer Tracy) visits Ivy (Ingrid Bergman) at her flat, cruelly playing on his knowledge of her earlier relations with his alter-ego Jekyll, in Victor Fleming's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1941.> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Hyde (Spencer Tracy) mixes and consumes his serum for the... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) Jekyll's Experiment [PAR] Hyde (Spencer Tracy) mixes and consumes his serum for the first time, leading to the famous hallucination featuring Ivy and Beatrix (Ingrid Bergman and Lana Turner) in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1941.> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) If... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll (Spencer Tracy), with science on his mind, has a... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) If You Had A Balloon [PAR] Dr. Jekyll (Spencer Tracy), with science on his mind, has a theoretical chat with night-watchman Mr. Weller (Billy Bevan) in Victor Fleming's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1941.> [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Lusty scene in which Dr. Jekyll (Spencer Tracy) has rescued... [PAR] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) -- (Movie Clip) Physicians! [PAR] Lusty scene in which Dr. Jekyll (Spencer Tracy) has rescued barmaid Ivy (Ingrid Bergman) from a mugging and they review"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] House of Wax (1953) - IMDb House of Wax (1953) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An associate burns down a wax museum with the owner inside, but he survives only to become vengeful and murderous. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Andr\u00e9 De Toth (as Andre de Toth) [PAR] Writers: [PAR] From $6.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 18 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 07 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 19 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 29 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: House of Wax (1953) [PAR] 7.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A millionaire offers ten thousand dollars to five people who agree to be locked in a large, spooky, rented house overnight with him and his wife. [PAR] Director: William Castle [PAR] Upon entering his fianc\u00e9e's family mansion, a man discovers a savage family curse and fears that his future brother-in-law has entombed his bride-to-be prematurely. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] The disappearance of people and corpses leads a reporter to a wax museum and a sinister sculptor. [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] A scientist has a horrific accident when he tries to use his newly invented teleportation device. [PAR] Director: Kurt Neumann [PAR] In the sixteenth century, Francis Barnard travels to Spain to clarify the strange circumstances of his sister's death after she had married the son of a cruel Spanish Inquisitor. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] A European prince terrorizes the local peasantry while using his castle as a refuge against the \"Red Death\" plague that stalks the land. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] A doctor, scientist, organist, and biblical scholar, Anton Phibes, seeks revenge on the nine doctors he considers responsible for his wife's death. [PAR] Director: Robert Fuest [PAR] When a disease turns all of humanity into the living dead, the last man on earth becomes a reluctant vampire hunter. [PAR] Directors: Ubaldo Ragona, Sidney Salkow [PAR] Stars: Vincent Price, Franca Bettoia, Emma Danieli [PAR] Dr. Warren Chapin is a pathologist who regularly conducts autopsies on executed prisoners at the State prison. He has a theory that fear is the result of a creature that inhabits all of us.... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: William Castle [PAR] A magician who has been turned into a raven turns to a former sorcerer for help. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] A man's obsession with his dead wife drives a wedge between him and his new bride. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] Three tales of terror involve a grieving widower and the daughter he abandoned; a drunkard and his wife's black cat; and a hypnotist who prolongs the moment of a man's death. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Professor Henry Jarrod is a true artist whose wax sculptures are lifelike. He specializes in historical tableau's such a Marie Antoinette or Joan of Arc. His business partner, Matthew Burke, needs some of his investment returned to him and pushes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ellie's AS Film Blog Ellie's AS Film Blog [PAR] Ellie's AS Film Blog [PAR] Plan [PAR] Dracula is a sexual predator [PAR] The first shot of Draculas wife gives a good indication that she is controlled strongly by Dracula, as she tries to make Mr Harker fall for her sympathetic plead for help, that Dracula is keeping her prisoner. This shows how she is manipulating Mr Harker into Draculas arms. (Dracula has some sort of hold over his wife). [PAR] Lucy Holmwood ( a victim of Dracula).. She appears to be severely ill but when alone she opens her door, to which Dracula appears and drinks her blood. In this shot Lucy appears to want Dracula to suck her blood, you know this by her uncovered neck and her content reaction to his arrival. [PAR] Mina (victim of Dracula) she is attack after her morning walk, like Lucy she is willing to be a victim of Dracula. [PAR] All the women in \u2018The Horror of Dracula\u2019 appear to be willing for Dracula to suck their blood, this is shown through the response the women have toward him (what they are wearing, how they respond to him being there, the allow him to approach them easily without any fuss), . [PAR] Also the fact that Dracula in all scenes seems to be in a higher status to them physically highlights how he has more authority over the women (hierarchy at the time) [PAR] Posted by [PAR] Plan [PAR] The Castle is an inviting prison [PAR] Binary oppositions- camera angle starts at the opening on the eagle and slowly ends up on Dracula who is positioned underneath the castle. This could show the contradiction of heaven and hell [PAR] Mr Harker explains how the coach driver wont drop him to the castle, this could highlight how the castle is seen to be dangerous to outsiders. (uninviting) [PAR] The image on entering the castle, flowing water, view of the mountains in the background, then the view of the castle. Is the castle really that bad? Or is it a way of showing how outside the castle it is happy and not dangerous but once entering the castle, stepping into danger a trap? [PAR] Mr Harkers entrance in to the castle-The dark atmosphere, the silence and not being greeted by the owner of the castle. Steps into the next room which is lit up, candles and dinner plates set. Show the paradox from dark to light. Seen to be inviting, could this be how Dracula draws people in? once inside is it as bad as expected? [PAR] Posted by [PAR] Laura Malvey and Hammer Horror [PAR] Hammer Film Productions is a film production company based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1934, the company is best known for a series of Gothic \"Hammer Horror\" films made from the mid-1950s until the 1970s. Hammer also produced science fiction , thrillers , film noir and comedies \u2013 and in later years, television series . During its most successful years, Hammer dominated the horror film market, enjoying worldwide distribution and considerable financial success. This success was due, in part, to distribution partnerships with major United States studios, such as Warner Bros. [PAR] During the late 1960s and 1970s the saturation of the horror film market by competitors and the loss of American funding forced changes to the previously lucrative Hammer-formula, with varying degrees of success. The company eventually ceased production in the mid-1980s and has since then been, in effect, in hibernation. In 2000, the studio was bought by a consortium including advertising executive and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) - IMDb The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Curse of Frankenstein ( 1957 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] Victor Frankenstein builds a creature and brings it to life, but it behaves not as he intended. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Jimmy Sangster (screenplay), Mary Shelley (based on the classic story by) (as Mary W. Shelley) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 07 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 13 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 03 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Title: The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] We watch Baron Frankenstein escaping from the guillotine and going to Germany. There, he names himself Dr. Stein and plans to restart his experiments by using parts of dead bodies. [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] Jonathan Harker begets the ire of Count Dracula after he accepts a job at the vampire's castle under false pretenses. [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] In 1895, British archaeologists find and open the tomb of Egyptian Princess Ananka with nefarious consequences. [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] Dracula is resurrected, preying on four unsuspecting visitors to his castle. [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] A dead and frozen Baron Frankenstein is re-animated by his colleague Dr. Hertz proving to him that the soul does not leave the body on the instant of death. His lab assistant, young Hans, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] Baron Frankenstein is once again working with illegal medical experiments. Together with a young doctor, Karl and his fianc\u00e9e Anna, they kidnap the mentally sick Dr. Brandt, to perform the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] Penniless, Baron Frankenstein, accompanied by his eager assistant Hans, arrives at his family castle near the town of Karlstaad, vowing to continue his experiments in the creation of life. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Freddie Francis [PAR] When his castle is exorcised, Dracula plots his revenge against the Monsignor who performed the rites by attempting to make the holy man's young niece his bride. [PAR] Director: Freddie Francis [PAR] Three middle-aged distinguished gentlemen are searching for some excitement in their boring bourgeois lives and get in contact with one of Count Dracula's servants, Lord Courtley. In a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Peter Sasdy [PAR] Vampire hunter Van Helsing returns to Transylvania to destroy handsome bloodsucker Baron Meinster, who has designs on beautiful young schoolteacher Marianne. [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] In the early 20th century, a Gorgon takes human form and terrorizes a small European village by turning its citizens to stone. [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] Baron Frankenstein works with a mental patient to reanimate the dead. [PAR] Director: Terence Fisher [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In prison and awaiting execution, Dr. Victor Frankenstein recounts to a priest what led him to his current circumstance. He inherited his family's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Willard Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Willard Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 32 out of 35 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Good Film, Great Performance [PAR] from United States [PAR] 20 April 2004 [PAR] Before you let the advertising fool you, understand that \"Willard\" isn't exactly your normal horror flick. I know that the marketing people tried to put all the scary bits into the trailer and such, but I urge you to reconsider your views on it. [PAR] The movie itself is more of an in-depth character study. It follows the events that lead one man into the pits of insanity, taking you along for the ride. Forget \"Psycho,\" (Which was an awesome film in its own right) though the movie does have Norman Bates/Hitchcock elements. We're taken from lonely, shy, and sad, to hollering, glaring, weeping, and finally, silent. Only one man was tailor-made for this role...and that man was Mr. Glover. [PAR] Through every blink, every wide-eyed stare, the audience is drawn into the character. We believe in his connection with the rats, and marvel at his ability to train them. And when he gets even with Mr. Martin, we celebrate. [PAR] And I loved the undoubted sexual frustration that Willard is feeling. It's more apparent in one of the deleted scenes on the DVD. But the writer didn't succumb to this frustration; he let it build. [PAR] All of this combines to form one of the greatest character movies I have ever seen, and probably will ever see. I must say that this is one movie I will not soon forget... [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 24 out of 25 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Devilsihly dark remake is a fresh breath of air... [PAR] 11 September 2003 [PAR] *** This review may contain spoilers *** [PAR] Crispin Glover gives a splendidly dark and evil performance in \"Willard,\" a performance that creeps you out more than any idea of killer rats ever will. The movie feels like a Tim Burton Lite, and a few times throughout the film I came close to imagining how Tim Burton would have directed the film. He probably would have gotten Johnny Depp for Willard, though, and I'm not sure if Depp would have been able to pull it off as well as Glover, who has always been a very strange character, even back when he played the shy and quirky George McFly in \"Back to the Future.\" [PAR] If Crispin was odd in \"Back to the Future,\" then he's part of the Manson family here. It seems to be an almost tailor-made role, one fit just for him. His character, Willard, is a mix between Anthony Perkins' Norman Bates and Adam Sandler's Barry Anderson from \"Punch-Drunk Love.\" I half-expected to see Willard's mother jump out in front of the screen at some point in the film, only for \"her\" to be Willard. [PAR] Anyone familiar with the seventies should remember \"Willard,\" and perhaps even its sequel, \"Ben.\" I didn't know quite what to expect walking into \"Willard,\" as I had never seen the original. It is a very dark and creepy movie, perhaps not for everyone, but I enjoyed it. It's quirky. It's creepy. It's dark and brooding. And it has a sly sinister side to it. When Willard retreats to his basement every night to train a gang of rats to carry out his evil deeds it's not really scary but rather strange in execution. Given another director this could have been another summer horror flick"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jason Voorhees - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia Jason Voorhees | Fictional Characters Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Jason Voorhees is a fictional character from the Friday the 13th series of slasher films. He first appeared in Friday the 13th (1980), as the son of camp cook-turned-murderer, Mrs. Voorhees , in which he was portrayed by Ari Lehman. Created by Victor Miller, with contributions by Ron Kurz, Sean S. Cunningham, and Tom Savini, Jason was not originally intended to carry the series as the main antagonist. The character has subsequently been represented in various other media, including novels, comic books, and a cross-over film with another iconic horror film character, Freddy Krueger . [PAR] The character has primarily been an antagonist in the films, whether by stalking and killing the characters, or acting as a psychological threat to the lead character, as is the case in Friday the 13th: A New Beginning . Since Lehman's portrayal, the character has been represented by numerous actors and stuntmen, sometimes by more than one at a time; this has caused some controversy as to who should receive credit for the portrayal. Kane Hodder is the best known of the stuntmen to portray Jason Voorhees, having played the character in four consecutive films. [PAR] The character's physical appearance has gone through many transformations, with various special makeup effects artists making their mark on the character's design, including makeup artist Stan Winston. Tom Savini's initial design has been the basis for many of the later incarnations. The trademark hockey mask did not appear until Friday the 13th Part III . Since Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives , filmmakers have given Jason superhuman strength, regenerative powers, and near invulnerability. He has been seen as a sympathetic character, whose motivation for killing has been cited as driven by the immoral actions of his victims. Jason Voorhees has been featured in various humor magazines, referenced in feature films, parodied in television shows, and been the inspiration for a horror punk band. Several toy lines have been released based on various versions of the character from the Friday the 13th films. Jason Voorhees's hockey mask is a widely recognized image in popular culture. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Jason Voorhees first appears as a hallucination of the main character Alice (Adrienne King) in the original Friday the 13th film; he becomes the main antagonist of the series in the succeeding sequels. As well as the films, there have been books and comics that have either expanded the universe of Jason, or been based on a minor aspect of him. [PAR] Films [PAR] Jason made his first cinematic appearance in the original Friday the 13th on May 9, 1980. Here, Jason is not the film's killer, but is seen as a memory of his mother, Mrs. Voorhees (Betsy Palmer), and a hallucination of the film's protagonist Alice. Though the character is never truly seen, he propels the film's plot, as Mrs. Voorhees, the cook at Camp Crystal Lake, seeks revenge for his death, for which she blames the camp counselors. Jason's second appearance was in the sequel, Friday the 13th Part 2 (1981). Revealed to be alive, an adult Jason exacts revenge on Alice for decapitating his mother in the original film. Jason (Steve Daskewisz) returns to Crystal Lake, living there as a hermit and guarding it from all intruders. Five years later, a group of teenagers arrive to set up a new camp, only to be murdered one by one by Jason, who wears a bag over"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Misery (1990) - IMDb Misery (1990) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After a famous author is rescued from a car crash by a fan of his novels, he comes to realize that the care he is receiving is only the beginning of a nightmare of captivity and abuse. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 26 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 21 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 07 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Misery \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Carrie White, a shy, friendless teenage girl who is sheltered by her domineering, religious mother, unleashes her telekinetic powers after being humiliated by her classmates at her senior prom. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] Behind a young family's home in Maine is a terrible secret that holds the power of life after death. When tragedy strikes, the threat of that power soon becomes undeniable. [PAR] Director: Mary Lambert [PAR] In 1960, seven pre-teen outcasts fight an evil demon who poses as a child-killing clown. Thirty years later, they reunite to stop the demon once and for all when it returns to their hometown. [PAR] Stars: Richard Thomas, Tim Reid, Annette O'Toole [PAR] A big-city reporter travels to the small town where her mother has been arrested for the murder of an elderly woman that she works for as a maid. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] Cujo, a friendly St. Bernard, contracts rabies and conducts a reign of terror on a small American town. [PAR] Director: Lewis Teague [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Best-selling novelist Paul Sheldon is on his way home from his Colorado hideaway after completing his latest book, when he crashes his car in a freak blizzard. Paul is critically injured, but is rescued by former nurse Annie Wilkes, Paul's \"number one fan\", who takes Paul back to her remote house in the mountains (without bothering to tell anybody). Unfortunately for Paul, Annie is also a headcase. When she discovers that Paul has killed off the heroine in her favorite novels, her reaction leaves Paul shattered (literally)... Written by Andrew Backhouse (andback74) [PAR] Paul Sheldon used to write for a living. Now, he's writing to stay alive. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 30 November 1990 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] In 2015, \"Misery\" was adapted into a play starring Bruce Willis and Laurie Metcalf. Sixteen years before, in 1999, Ram\u00f3n Langa, famous for being the Spanish Bruce Willis official dubber, starred on a theater adaptation alongside Beatriz Carvajal. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Annie's weight fluctuates from scene to scene. It is especially noticeable when Annie is setting up Paul's writing desk. She is much heavier here than in previous scenes. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Waitress : I just wanted to tell you I'm your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Official Clive Barker Website - Candyman The Official Clive Barker Website - Candyman [PAR] Clive on Candyman [PAR] INT. PARKING STRUCTURE - DAY [PAR] Helen leaves the elevator and walks towards her car. She vaguely notices the Man, a tall dark silhouette, standing as if waiting for something, but she pays him little attention. [PAR] Helen arrives at her car and searches in her bag for her keys. [PAR] A dark shape crosses the foreground. [PAR] MAN : Helen... [PAR] She turns at the sound of her name. The Man stands a short distance away, silhouetted against a pool of light in the gloomy parking structure. His voice is rich and sonorous. [PAR] HELEN : (friendly) Yes? [PAR] MAN : I came for you. [PAR] There is a buzzing sound, the sound of a sleepy afternoon far from here. [PAR] HELEN : (still friendly) Do I know you? [PAR] MAN : No. But you doubted me. [PAR] Helen opens the car door and is about to get in. [PAR] HELEN : I'm sorry. I have to go. [PAR] He speaks, murmuring so softly that seduction might be in the air. [PAR] MAN : No need to leave yet. [PAR] HELEN : (wary) I'm late... [PAR] He moves towards her and light falls on his face. Helen freezes. The fine cheekbones, the sparkling eyes. She has seen this face before. [PAR] MAN : You were not content with the stories, so I was obliged to come... [PAR] He is finely dressed, his dark suit an antique cut. His right hand hidden in his coat pocket. [PAR] He pulls his hand out of his pocket. The hand has been crudely sawn off. A butcher's hook rammed into the bloody stump. [PAR] CANDYMAN : Be my victim... [PAR] By Bernard Rose - May 1991 draft [PAR] \"[Candyman] was Bernard Rose's baby from the beginning. We shared an agent at CAA and I'd enjoyed Paperhouse - I thought it was tremendous, a smashing picture. Adam said \"you know, Bernard really likes your short stories and there are two or three he's interested in and would like to get going. Bernard had worked at Propaganda as a [music] video director and he'd also done a couple of shorts for the Playboy channel; Propaganda produced this kind of compendium series for Playboy, shortish sexy vignettes, and Bernard did a couple of really tremendous ones. Anyway, his favourite story was The Forbidden, because he wanted to deal with the social stuff. He like the idea of taking a horror story with some social undertones and making a movie of it. This was while I was still living in London, and we sat down several times and talked it through. We agreed that it needed to be relocated to the United States because it was American money and they weren't going to be interested in a story set in Liverpool. But the Cabrini Green setting [a real housing project in Chicago] I think worked perfectly well. He took the thematic material in the story and expanded it and turned it into something that was very much his own. I watched over the thing and worked with him and story conferenced with him and did all those things, but at the end of the day it's [PAR] Bernard's movie and I think he did a tremendous piece of work.\" [PAR] A Kind Of Magic [PAR] By Maitland McDonagh, The Dark Side, No 45, April/May 1995 [PAR] \"I remember at the first Candyman [test] screening, Bernard Rose went as drunk as a skunk.\" [PAR] The Conjuring of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Placid - Horror Film Wiki - Wikia Lake Placid | Horror Film Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] An officer of Maine Fish and Game researching American beaver populations is scuba diving in Black Lake, Aroostook County, Maine, when he is savagely attacked and bitten in half by something unseen in the water. A tooth is found in the diver's remains and, as it appears to be a prehistoric fossil, a request is made for assistance to the Natural History Museum in New York City. Paleontologist Kelly Scott (Bridget Fonda) gets the job, mainly because her boss, with whom she has had an office affair, wants her out of his way so that he can pursue another relationship with one of Kelly's co-workers. [PAR] Upon arriving in Maine, Kelly informs Fish and Game officer Jack Wells (Bill Pullman) and Sheriff Hank Keough (Brendan Gleeson), who himself witnessed the fatal attack, that the tooth appears to be reptilian in nature, and is not a fossil, but something much more recent. They also meet Delores Bickerman (Betty White), one of few people living on the lake, who claims her husband was killed by something in the lake. [PAR] Later that afternoon, a helicopter arrives at the camp where we are introduced to Hector Cyr (Oliver Platt), an eccentric mythology professor, flamboyant multi-millionaire and crocodile enthusiast who believes, despite Hank's intense skepticism, that the creature doing the attacks is indeed a crocodile. While the four are out exploring the lake, the creature is shown settling under Kelly and Hank's canoe. Hector's radar begins to pulsate as Kelly and Hank are thrown off their canoe and into the water. [PAR] That night, due to his antagonistic nature and free spirit, Hector angers Hank and the two get into an argument. After the two are broken up, Kelly tells Jack and Hank that Hector believes crocodiles are godly creatures (since he's never been bitten by one). [PAR] The next day Jack and Hector go diving in the lake to find the creature. After the two enter the water, a speaker producing the sound of baby crocs in distress is placed in the water. The creature is shown sneaking up on them. It pulls the boat anchor, but Hank orders his deputy Burke to cut the anchor cable and the boat escapes. Kelly falls overboard, but is saved just in time as the croc was preparing to attack. Jack and Hector come back up separately and while removing the speaker, Burke is attacked by the creature and his head is bitten off. [PAR] Hank mourns the deputy and blames himself for his death. Hector's attempts to console him backfire and anger him, and they get into another fight. During the brawl, Hank chases Hector to the lakeside and as the others follow, a grizzly bear appears. Jack pulls Kelly out of the way, but the bear looms over them. Suddenly a giant crocodile leaps out of the water and drags the bear back into the lake. Kelly and Jack share a moment of awkward intimacy as Kelly dresses Jack's cut. Jack, Kelly, and Hank visit Delores again. They find her feeding the crocodile by bringing a blindfolded cow to the edge of the lake. Delores reveals to have been feeding the crocodile for six years after it followed her husband home and killed him. She is placed under house arrest for not telling the police what she knew when they visited her before. [PAR] Hector has shared a relationship with one of Hank's deputies and decides to take her on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Woman in Black (2012) - IMDb The Woman in Black (2012) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Woman in Black ( 2012 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] WATCH NOW [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] A young solicitor travels to a remote village where he discovers the vengeful ghost of a scorned woman is terrorizing the locals. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 11 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 16 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 22 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 11 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 20 Nov 2015 [PAR] Title: The Woman in Black (2012) [PAR] 6.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 5 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 40 years after the first haunting at Eel Marsh House, a group of children evacuated from WWII London arrive, awakening the house's darkest inhabitant. [PAR] Director: Tom Harper [PAR] In the aftermath of his girlfriend's mysterious death, a young man awakens to find strange horns sprouting from his temples. [PAR] Director: Alexandre Aja [PAR] A young couple take in their two nieces only to suspect that a foreboding evil has latched itself to their family. [PAR] Director: Andr\u00e9s Muschietti [PAR] Washed-up true-crime writer Ellison Oswalt finds a box of super 8 home movies that suggest the murder he is currently researching is the work of a serial killer whose work dates back to the 1960s. [PAR] Director: Scott Derrickson [PAR] A family looks to prevent evil spirits from trapping their comatose child in a realm called The Further. [PAR] Director: James Wan [PAR] A journalist must investigate a mysterious videotape which seems to cause the death of anyone in a week of viewing it. [PAR] Director: Gore Verbinski [PAR] The Lamberts believe that they have defeated the spirits that have haunted their family, but they soon discover that evil is not beaten so easily. [PAR] Director: James Wan [PAR] Paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren work to help a family terrorized by a dark presence in their farmhouse. [PAR] Director: James Wan [PAR] Newlyweds are terrorized by demonic forces after moving into a large house that was the site of a grisly mass murder a year before. [PAR] Director: Andrew Douglas [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In London, solicitor Arthur Kipps still grieves the death of his beloved wife Stella on the delivery of their son Joseph four years ago. His employer gives him a last chance to keep his job, and he is assigned to travel to the remote village of Cryphin Gifford to examine the documentation of the Eel Marsh House that belonged to the recently deceased Mrs. Drablow. Arthur befriends Daily on the train and the man offers a ride to him to the Gifford Arms inn. Arthur has a cold reception and the owner of the inn tells that he did not receive the request of reservation and there is no available room. The next morning, Arthur meets solicitor Jerome who advises him to return to London. However, Arthur goes to the isolated manor and soon he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Comice - USA Pears Comice - USA Pears [PAR] PEAR VARIETIES [PAR] Comice [PAR] Comice are among the sweetest and juiciest of all varieties of pears, and are a favorite in holiday gift boxes and baskets. Their flesh is silky soft, and can best be described as creamy in texture, abundantly full of juice, and very sweet. For many pear lovers, Comice is the pinnacle variety of pears. We\u2019ve even seen knees buckle at first bite! [PAR] FEATURED RECIPES [PAR] Mulligatawny Soup with Chicken, Pears, and Coconut [PAR] Tangy Pear Mojito [PAR] Pear Rice Pudding with Maple and Candied Pecans [PAR] Pear Compote with Earl Grey & Vanilla [PAR] Roasted Pears with Camembert [PAR] Pear and Cardamom Granita with Pistachio Biscotti [PAR] PEARings [PAR] Spicy Fish Tacos with Pear Mango Salsa [PAR] Southwest Chicken and Pear Salad [PAR] Pear-Stuffed French Toast [PAR] identifying Comice [PAR] Comice appear in all sizes, but their shape is unique among varieties; having a rotund body with a very short, well-defined neck. They are most often green in color, and sometimes have a red blush covering small to large areas of the skin surface. However, some newer strains are almost entirely red in color. The succulent Comice can grow to be very large, and the jumbo sized beauties are often the ones that appear in gift boxes. [PAR] seasonality [PAR] Although pears of all types have a popular association with the winter holidays, Comice have earned special recognition as the \"Christmas Pear.\" They are often the stars in holiday gift baskets and boxes, purchased in grocery store produce departments. Many stores feature Comice during the holiday season, but don't limit yourself of this special variety to just holidays! [PAR] You can find Comice pears in many grocery store produce departments for several months of the year. Comice can be purchased from September through March. Look for Northwest Comice pears in the fresh fruit section where you buy produce. [PAR] ripening [PAR] Any area of green color on the skin of Comice may take on a slight yellow hue as the fruit ripens, however color is not the best determination for ripeness. Check the Neck for Ripeness\u2122 by applying gentle thumb pressure near the stem end, and when the fruit gives slightly, it is ready to eat. Because Comice have very fragile skins, the pears may appear to be bruised on the surface, but more often than not this does not indicate damage on the juicy interior. Take special care in handling the fruit even before it is ripe. Bruising may not be apparent right away, but can show their signs as the fruit ripens. [PAR] culinary uses [PAR] The sweet buttery flesh of Comice can find no better compliment than when served with cheese, especially soft ripening cheeses like Brie, Camembert, or any of the blues. It is the extreme juiciness of Comice, which coincidentally makes them a poor choice for any process requiring cooking, that earns them such high accolades for eating freshly sliced. Ripen a Comice pear, section it and serve with your favorite cheese. Comice aficionados know this combination well... others have yet to realize what they've been missing! Let your tastebuds be your guide! [PAR] the history of Comice [PAR] Known properly as Doyenn\u00e9 Du Comice, this French variety of pear was first propagated near Angers in the mid-1800's. The first red sports were discovered in the 1900's near Medford, Oregon. A \"sport\" is a rare, naturally occurring transformation that develops spontaneously on fruit trees. The first red sport of Comice, discovered in 1960, presented a somewhat striped pattern."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] polyphemus moth - Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer) polyphemus moth - Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer) [PAR] Introduction (Back to Top) [PAR] The polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), is one of our largest and most beautiful silk moths. It is named after Polyphemus, the giant cyclops from Greek mythology who had a single large, round, eye in the middle of his forehead (Himmelman 2002). The name is because of the large eyespots in the middle of the hind wings. The polyphemus moth also has been known by the genus name Telea but it and the Old World species in the genus Antheraea are not considered to be sufficiently different to warrant different generic names. Because the name Antheraea has been used more often in the literature, Ferguson (1972) recommended using that name rather than Telea to avoid confusion. Both genus names were published in the same year. For a historical account of the polyphemus moth\u2019s taxonomy see Ferguson (1972) or Tuskes et al. (1996). [PAR] Figure 1. Adult male polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer)(dorsal view). Photograph by Donald W. Hall , University of Florida. [PAR] The family name Saturniidae is based on the eyespots of some members of the family that contain concentric rings reminiscent of the planet Saturn (Powell 2003). Because of their ease of rearing (Collins and Weast 1961, Villiard 1975) and large size, polyphemus moths are often reared by amateur enthusiasts and also have been used for numerous physiological studies - particularly for studies on molecular mechanisms of sex pheromone action. [PAR] Description (Back to Top) [PAR] Adults: The adult wingspan is 10 to 15 cm (approximately 4 to 6 inches) (Covell 2005). The upper surface of the wings is various shades of reddish brown, gray, light brown or yellow-brown with transparent eyespots. There is considerable variation in color of the wings even in specimens from the same locality (Holland 1968). The large hind wing eyespots are ringed with prominent yellow, white (partial) and black rings. On the upper surface, there are pink-edged white ante-medial and post-medial lines on the forewing and a pinkish white-edged, black post-medial line on the hind wing. The undersides of the wings have areas with pinkish-white and others with various shades of brown. [PAR] Figure 2. Adult male polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer)(ventral view). Photograph by Donald W. Hall , University of Florida. [PAR] Figure 3. Adult female polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer)(dorsal view). Photograph by Donald W. Hall , University of Florida. [PAR] Figure 4. Adult female polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer)(ventral). Photograph by Donald W. Hall , University of Florida. [PAR] Polyphemus antennae are quadripectinate (comb-like on four sides) with those of males being larger than those of females. [PAR] Figure 5. Male and female polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer) antennae. Photograph by Donald W. Hall , University of Florida. [PAR] Eggs: The slightly oval flattened eggs are white with two broad brown rings and are cemented to the substrate with a dark brown adhesive. Maximum reported dimensions in millimeters are 2.4 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 1.52 (length \u00d7 width \u00d7 height) (Peterson 1965). [PAR] Figure 6. Eggs of polyphemus moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer). Photograph by Donald W. Hall , University of Florida. [PAR] Larvae: Packard (1914) provided detailed descriptions of the eggs and each of the five larval instars and color drawings of instars 1 to 4. He gave the following lengths for the five instars: 1st instar: 5 to 6 mm, 2nd instar: 14 to 15 mm, 3rd instar: 20 to 25 mm, 4th instar: 40 to 45 mm, 5th instar: 60 mm. First instar larvae are white with two black"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polynya - definition of polynya by The Free Dictionary Polynya - definition of polynya by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Polynya - definition of polynya by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/polynya [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] po\u00b7lyn\u00b7ya [PAR] An area of open water surrounded by sea ice. [PAR] [Russian polyn'ya, from poly\u012d, open, hollow; see pel\u0259-2 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] polynya [PAR] (\u02c8p\u0252l\u0259n\u02ccj\u0251\u02d0) [PAR] n [PAR] (Physical Geography) a stretch of open water surrounded by ice, esp near the mouths of large rivers, in arctic seas [PAR] [C19: from Russian, from poly open, hollowed-out] [PAR] po\u2022lyn\u2022ya [PAR] an area of open sea water surrounded by ice. [PAR] [1850\u201355; < Russian polyn'y\u00e1, Old Russian polyn\u012di=pol(\u016d) empty, open + -yn\u012di n. suffix] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] polynya - a stretch of open water surrounded by ice (especially in Arctic seas) [PAR] body of water , water - the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); \"they invaded our territorial waters\"; \"they were sitting by the water's edge\" [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] water [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Indicative of what will happen as temperatures rise and sea ice disappears, this thread of open water, also called a polynya, is literally on the front line of climate change. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bolsover's Satanic ills - Telegraph Bolsover's Satanic ills - Telegraph [PAR] Bolsover's Satanic ills [PAR] The town has Britain's highest concentration of devil-worshippers - and even its own Beast [PAR] Gardening mystery: experts are divided over what the grounds of Bolsover Castle would have looked like in the 17th century Photo: Alamy [PAR] Comments [PAR] Nothing stranger in all its long history has happened to Bolsover, dominated by the castle on the hill and closed pits all around, than its new reputation as the Satanist capital of Britain. It is not that naked covens dance on Cresswell Crags or that cloven footprints have been found on the grass in the suitably named Hornscroft Park. No, Bolsover\u2019s reputation derives from the last census, in which 17 people there claimed Satanism as their religion. For Satanism, that, thankfully, is a lot. Wags point out that Bolsover has long had its Beast \u2013 a nickname for its chirpy Lefty MP, Dennis Skinner, 82. But it is not true that the A666 goes anywhere near Bolsover. If the whole thing is just a joke, not all Bolsoverians are chuckling. \u201cI think it\u2019s a load of rubbish,\u201d says Ken Walker, the chairman of the council. Yet he may find Satanism the devil of a slur to exorcise. [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WHO | Animal influenza WHO | Animal influenza [PAR] Animal influenza [PAR] Human and animal influenza [PAR] Influenza is a disease common to man and a limited number of lower animal species mainly horses, pigs, domestic and wild birds, wild aquatic mammals such as seals and whales, minks and farmed carnivores. There are 3 types of influenza viruses A, B and C. Types B and C are human viruses mainly affecting young children and causing a mild disease. Type A virus is the important type as far as cross-species infections are concerned. [PAR] Influenza type A is distributed worldwide and usually causes a mild respiratory disease in humans and animals. Human influenza epidemics due to new epidemic strains occur at regular intervals of 2 to 3 years and affect mainly elderly people. However, influenza is a potentially devastating disease in both humans and animals thereby very important for both human and veterinary medicine. [PAR] Pandemics are major epidemics characterized by the rapid spread of a novel type of virus to all areas of the world resulting in an unusually high number of illnesses and deaths in humans in most age groups. Three pandemics of human influenza have affected the world population (1918, 1957 and 1968). The most infamous pandemic was \u201cSpanish Flu\u201d which is thought to have killed at least 40 million people in 1918-1919. [PAR] Birds, especially aquatic birds represent a vast reservoir of type A influenza viruses. These viruses have the capacity to spread to many lower mammalian species and sometimes cause high morbidity and mortality. A small number of cases of animal influenza in humans has been described in the past. In these cases the virus originated from pigs, seals, ducks and chicken. [PAR] Avian influenza [PAR] In birds, highly pathogenic avian influenza is an extremely contagious and aggressive disease that causes rapid systemic illness and death in susceptible birds. Domestic chickens and turkeys are most severely affected; mortality in these birds often exceeds 50%. From 1959 to 2003 only 21 outbreaks occurred worldwide, mainly in the Americas and Europe. Although all had serious consequences for the poultry industry, most remained geographically circumscribed. [PAR] After its first detection in 1996 in Guangdong, a province of China, the disease broke out in Hong Kong in 1997. In the beginning of 2003 mortality in wild and domestic birds in East and South-East Asia extended; an epidemic started. From the recent findings it can be assumed that interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses occurs more frequently than we think, mainly from birds to mammalian species. 41 human deaths have been confirmed in this region since the start of the epidemic till 28 January 2005. [PAR] Although the outbreaks in poultry have weakened economies and jeopardized food security, the greatest concern for human health is the risk that present conditions could give rise to an influenza pandemic."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 15 Different Types of Goldfish Breeds - Caring Pets 15 Different Types of Goldfish Breeds | Caring Pets [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Hardy Goldfish Types [PAR] A body shape that has an elongated flattened football shape include: the Common, the Comet, Shubunkin. (good breeds for an outdoor goldfish pond). [PAR] The common, comet and shubunkin look very similar in shape and colors. [PAR] The comet has longer fins and most notably its tail fin is much longer. [PAR] The common doesn\u2019t come in calico but the comet and shubunkin do. [PAR] The shubunkin is only calico so if it\u2019s calico with short fins, it can\u2019t be a common. [PAR] Fancy Goldfish Types [PAR] An egg shape body shape are considered the fancy breeds and can include: Fantail, Ryukin, Veiltail, Oranda, Telescope,Black Moor, Panda Butterfly, Ranchu, lionhead, Pompon, Pearlscale, Hama Nishki, Celestial and Bubble-Eye. [PAR] The mature oranda, ranchu and lionhead has a wart like wen hood cover over its face and head [PAR] The oranda has a dorsal fin and the lionhead and most ranchu don\u2019t. [PAR] The ranchu has a prominent arch in its back and downward pointed tail fins. [PAR] The lionhead and oranda have a straighter back line. [PAR] A goldfish with a hood cover with a straight back and no dorsal fin is a lionhead. [PAR] The fantail, ryukin and veiltail have similar egg shaped bodies with no distinct features like a hood cover or globe eyes [PAR] The fantail and ryukin have sturdy upright fins and tails. [PAR] The ryukin has a more prominent hump that the dorsal fin sits on than the fantail. [PAR] The veiltail has long flowing fins and tail. [PAR] The telescope, black moor and panda butterfly have their eyes on the sides of ball like protuberances [PAR] A black moor is a telescope/globe-eye but is only black or faded black in color. [PAR] The panda butterfly resembles the colors of a panda bear, clear sections of black and white. [PAR] The pearlscale and hama nishiki have a golf ball body shape with scales that stand out like little white domes [PAR] the hama nishiki has a slight hood cover on top of its head while the pearlscale does not. [PAR] The celestial has bulging eyes that point upward and no dorsal fin. [PAR] The bubble eye has two bubble shaped check pouches [PAR] The Common Goldfish [PAR] Carassius Auratus [PAR] Asian in origin, the common goldfish is a member of the Cyprindae fish family. The common goldfish is related to the many species of carp, koi and other types of breeds. The name Auratus literally means \u201coverlaid with gold\u201d. This species of fish has been raised by humans for over a thousand years and sometime during this period, they became family pets. [PAR] The common goldfish is a great fish for beginners since it\u2019s a very hardy breed of goldfish. It can live in water with temperatures ranging from 55-80*F (12-26*C), with a pH of 6-8, which is much like tap water. The common goldfish doesn\u2019t require a heater and needs only minimal care if placed by itself in a well filtered 10 gallon aquarium (38 liters). In the wild, you can find these in freshwater, lakes, rivers, canals and even ditches that have adequate vegetation. This water can be slow moving to stagnant. They do best in cooler water around the low 70s. [PAR] Goldfish are however social animals and would benefit from having a tank mate. You can keep two of three small goldfish (a few inches or less) in a 10 gallon tank but when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dartboard Sequence - MathPages The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5 Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense. It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format. It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as \"flat\" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478 Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the \"London\" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the \"Manchester\" dart board, which has the sequence 20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this 20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10 the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions. Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 which has a sum of 24350. By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the \"21-complement\", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is 1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ... = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ... = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Groundhog Day Movie Review & Film Summary (1993 ... Groundhog Day Movie Review & Film Summary (1993) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] \"Groundhog Day\" is a film that finds its note and purpose so precisely that its genius may not be immediately noticeable. It unfolds so inevitably, is so entertaining, so apparently effortless, that you have to stand back and slap yourself before you see how good it really is. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Certainly I underrated it in my original review; I enjoyed it so easily that I was seduced into cheerful moderation. But there are a few films, and this is one of them, that burrow into our memories and become reference points. When you find yourself needing the phrase This is like \"Groundhog Day\" to explain how you feel, a movie has accomplished something. [PAR] The movie, as everyone knows, is about a man who finds himself living the same day over and over and over again. He is the only person in his world who knows this is happening, and after going through periods of dismay and bitterness, revolt and despair, suicidal self-destruction and cynical recklessness, he begins to do something that is alien to his nature. He begins to learn. [PAR] This man is named Phil, and he is a weatherman. In a sense, he feels himself condemned to repeating the same day, anyway; the weather changes, but his on-camera shtick remains the same, and he is distant and ironic about his job. Every year on Feb. 2 he is dispatched to Punxsutawney, Pa., to cover the festivities of Groundhog Day, on which Punxsutawney Phil, the groundhog, is awakened from his slumbers and studied to discover if he will see his shadow. If he does, we will have another six weeks of winter. We usually have another six weeks of winter, anyway, a fact along with many others that does not escape Phil as he signals his cynicism about this transcendentally silly event. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Phil is played by Bill Murray , and Murray is indispensable; before he makes the film wonderful, he does a more difficult thing, which is to make it bearable. I can imagine a long list of actors, whose names I will charitably suppress, who could appear in this material and render it simpering, or inane. The screenplay by Danny Rubin and Harold Ramis is inspired, but inspired crucially because they saw Bill Murray in it. They understood how he would be able to transform it into something sublime, while another actor might reduce it to a cloying parable. Ramis and Murray had worked together from the dawn of their careers, at Second City in Chicago, and knew each other in the ways only improvisational actors can know each other, finding their limits and strengths in nightly risks before a volatile and boozy audience. I doubt if Ramis would have had the slightest interest in directing this material with anyone else but Murray. It wasn't the story that appealed to him, but the thought of Murray in it. [PAR] The Murray persona has become familiar without becoming tiring: The world is too much with him, he is a little smarter than everyone else, he has a detached melancholy, he is deeply suspicious of joy, he sees sincerity as a weapon that can be used against him, and yet he conceals emotional needs. He is Hamlet in a sitcom world. \" Lost in Translation ,\" another film that works because Bill Murray is in it, captures these qualities. So does \" The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ,\" which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boruca Dam | Lessons from World Travels Boruca Dam | Lessons from World Travels [PAR] Lessons from World Travels [PAR] Insights from Arcadia University Students: Both Graduate International Peace & Conflict Resolution and Undergraduate [PAR] Posts Tagged With: Boruca Dam [PAR] Posted on January 26, 2013 by mwierzel [PAR] It is difficult writing and reflecting on this incredible trip while holed up in tonight\u2019s snow, but the warm feelings evoked from the pictures that follow are certainly helping keep the cold away. [PAR] But first, here are the five questions I put forth before departure with what answers I found in Costa Rica. [PAR] 1. What are the corporate and international monetary ties to the dam? [PAR] There are a few monetary ties to the dam, most notably that of the Costa Rican government through ICE. We discovered while at one of our hotels in Costa Rica that the energy generated by the dam in Boruca (since shifted to a new location higher up the mountain that would impact fewer people, but still displace many of the Teribe) would not serve the native Borucans or even any Costa Ricans (Jos\u00e9 Carlos, personal communication, January 9, 2013).. It would be sold by the government as revenue to other Central and South American nations. From the government\u2019s stakeholder perspective, increased revenue would be a boon for a developing nation that seeks to continue to grow and develop. [PAR] 2. Have there been any inter-group conflicts among the indigenous groups that delayed mediation? [PAR] According to Jos\u00e9 Carlos, there is not complete, widespread organization among the eight largest indigenous peoples who would be affected. They are the Bribri, Cabecar, Brumca, Ngobe, Huetar, Maleka, Chonotega, and Teribe (personal communication, January 9, 2013). From Jos\u00e9 Carlos\u2019 lecture, it is apparent that some people are selling their land to ICE because of the money they receive or because a family member on whom they depend for income works for ICE. So while it appears that there is not large-scale conflict within indigenous groups, there is not complete consensus either (Jos\u00e9 Carlos, personal communication, January 9, 2013). [PAR] 3. Which cultural landmarks are threatened by the dam problem? [PAR] The dam would no longer directly threaten Boruncan land (Jos\u00e9 Carlos, personal communication, January 9, 2013) but it would still impact members of its neighboring tribe the Teribe. Cultural legacies like medicinal plants and sacred sites would be destroyed by the new dam project in Teribe territory. Additionally, \u201c300 places of archeological significance are located in the affected area\u201d according to Elon University student research on the Teribe. The land and water that comprise the tribe\u2019s home are an integral part of their identities, so this is an issue greater than simply who can own a measurable square footage of land \u2013 cultural identity is at stake. [PAR] 4. How is any UN or World Bank involvement perceived by all stakeholders? [PAR] I did not get an answer to this question directly, however from the readings we were given and Jos\u00e9 Carlos\u2019 talk about how some people\u2019s land was illegally taken or purchased leads me to believe that the indigenous people would not be sympathetic to World Bank intrusions, especially when its actions prompt the removal of people from their ancestral homes. The UN\u2019s involvement on behalf of indigenous people via ILO-169 it appreciated, though (Jos\u00e9 Carlos, personal communication, January 9, 2013). There was also movement to bring up racial discrimination against the T\u00e9rraba people in the formal UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. [PAR] The government and ICE welcome the World Bank as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten - Military Wiki - Wikia Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] In his twelfth year he chose the profession of arms, and served his country with distinction. The few and miserable triumphs of Sweden during the Seven Years' War were due almost entirely to young Sprengtporten, and he emerged from it with a lieutenant-colonelcy, a pension and the reputation of being the smartest officer in the service. [PAR] Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten depicted by Carl Friedrich Bender [PAR] Coup de Main [PAR] Edit [PAR] Sprengtporten had too hearty a contempt for \" Hats \" and \" Caps \", the two main political factions during the Age of Liberty (1719\u20131772) in Sweden, to belong to either. He made no secret of his sentiments, and soon gathered round him a band of young officers of strong royalist proclivities, whom he formed into a club, the so-called Svenska Botten (Sweden's groundwork). The club was suppressed by the dominant \"Caps\" who also sought to ruin Sprengtporten financially by inciting his tenants in Finland to bring actions against him for alleged extortion, not in the ordinary courts but in the Riksdag itself, where Sprengtporten's political adversaries would be his judges. The enraged Finnish colonel thereupon approached Gustav III of Sweden with the project of a revolution against the \"Caps\". It was to begin in Finland where Sprengtporten's regiment the Nylandia dragoons, was stationed. He undertook to seize the impregnable fortress of Sveaborg by a coup de main. The submission of the whole grand duchy would be the natural consequence of such a success, and, Finland once secured, Sprengtporten proposed at the head of his Finns to embark for Sweden, meet the king and his friends near Stockholm, and surprise the capital by a night attack. This plan, subsequently enlarged by a suggestion of a fellow plotter, Johan Christopher Toll , was warmly approved of by the king. [PAR] On 22 July 1772 Sprengtporten left Stockholm. On 9 August he reached Helsingfors . On 16 August he persuaded to submit to him fortress of Sveaborg, soon followed by that of Helsingfors. A week later all Finland was under the colonel's control. By 23 August Sprengtporten was ready to re-embark for Stockholm with 780 men, but contrary winds kept him back, and in the meantime Gustav III himself had carried out his revolution unaided. On his return to Sweden, however, Sprengtporten was received with the greatest distinction and made a lieutenant-general and colonel of the guards. He was also appointed the president of a commission for strengthening the defences of Finland. But Sprengtporten was still dissatisfied. He could never forgive Gustav for having forestalled the revolution, and his morbidly irritable and suspicious temper saw slights and insults in the most innocent conjunctures. His first quarrel with Gustav happened in 1774 when he refused to accept the post of commander-in-chief in Finland on the eve of threatened war with Imperial Russia . The king good-naturedly overlooked his outrageous insolence on this occasion, but the inevitable rupture was only postponed. A most trumpery affair brought matters to a head. Sprengtporten had insulted the guards by giving precedence over them at a court-martial to some officers of his own dragoons. The guards complained to the king, who, after consulting with the senate, mildly remonstrated with Sprengtporten by letter. [PAR] Resignation [PAR] Edit [PAR] Sprengtporten thereupon tendered his resignation as colonel of the guard, and at a personal interview with Gustav was so violent and insolent that anything like agreement between them became impossible. Sprengtporten was haunted by the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Birds Phobia \u2013 Ornithophobia Fear of Birds Phobia \u2013 Ornithophobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Birds Phobia \u2013 Ornithophobia [PAR] Fear of Birds Phobia \u2013 Ornithophobia [PAR] A phobia is an irrational fear about certain objects, features or animals that is out of proportion to the existing circumstances. Thus, Ornithophobia, or the fear of birds makes the sufferers extremely uncomfortable around birds. For some individuals, such fear is only directed towards the birds of prey such as vultures, hawks, and eagles etc, whereas in other cases, even household birds like parrots or parakeets as well as the sight of their feathers are enough to trigger an anxiety attack. [PAR] Causes of Ornithophobia [PAR] There may be different causes or reasons behind the excessive fear of birds: [PAR] Young children can develop Ornithophobia if they have felt threatened by aggressive birds like vultures, hawks or geese. [PAR] In some cases, the birds might not have shown any violence, but their mere presence at traumatic events such as funerals or accidents can be enough to trigger a phobia in a young child. [PAR] Birds flying inside the homes through an open window and causing upheaval might have made the parents nervous and this can trigger anxiety attack in the child. [PAR] Ornithophobia can also be instigated by folklore or movies. Alfred Hitchcock\u2019s film The Birds, or Edgar Allan Poe\u2019s poem \u2018The Raven\u2019 also portray birds in negative light or as killing machines. [PAR] Images of carnivorous birds attacking small prey like rabbits seen on TV shows can sometimes develop a fear of birds in young minds. [PAR] Most cases of childhood Ornithophobia go away on their own while others may persist even in adulthood. [PAR] Symptoms of Ornithophobia [PAR] The symptoms of this phobia vary based on the severity of the condition. As with any other type of phobia, Ornithophobia symptoms can be categorized broadly as mental, physical or emotional. [PAR] Some people refuse to eat in places where birds may be present from the fear of having their food stolen by the birds. [PAR] Ornithophobic individuals are afraid of birds preserved by taxidermists and present in museums etc. Still others are afraid of all images, photos or even the feathers of birds. [PAR] Physical symptoms of this phobia typically include breaking in cold sweat, trembling or shaking, screaming or crying, having an increased heart rate, freezing in place or attempting to flee at the sight of birds. [PAR] Some individuals are known to experience such anxiety attacks days before an actual confrontation with the birds. Like many other types of phobias, the fear of birds can sometimes be severely debilitating in that; the individual might refuse to leave his home entirely, thereby affecting the day-to-day life. [PAR] Treatment for fear of birds [PAR] Overcoming Ornithophobia is essential specially if it causing one to be anxious or depressed all the time. A severely crippling phobia needs professional treatment. In milder cases, one can develop and stick to some self help routines such as positive reaffirmations and visualizations, meditation, or controlled deep breathing and so on. [PAR] For people with severe anxiety, doctors might prescribe tranquilizers and other medicines to reduce the severity of the symptoms. However, care must be taken when using them. Weaning off such medications can cause withdrawal symptoms and they do not do much for the fear itself rather than providing symptomatic relief. [PAR] Since most phobias are defined as \u201ca conditional reflex or learning gone wrong\u201d, psychotherapists also recommend behavior therapy to help the phobic individual unlearn these reflexes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Living | From Purgatory to Hell: America's oddest town ... Living | From Purgatory to Hell: America's oddest town names | Seattle Times Newspaper [PAR] From Purgatory to Hell: America's oddest town names [PAR] By Sherry Stripling [PAR] Seattle Times staff reporter [PAR] It's a long way from Scratch Ankle, Ala., to Good Grief, Idaho; from Stinking Point, Va., to Yum Yum, Tenn.; from Dynamite, Wash., to Tranquility, Calif. [PAR] But stopping to take pictures along the way, writer Gary Gladstone reports that meeting the people who lived there put the fun back into his flagging career as a freelance photographer. The result is \"Passing Gas: And Other Towns Along the American Highway\" (Ten Speed Press, $19.95), so named because people who drive through Gas, Kan., are told not to blink or they'll pass Gas. [PAR] In getting glimpses of who lives in Purgatory, Maine, or Tightwad, Mo., Gladstone comes up with Nothing, Ariz., or Zero, Mont., in trying to find out how some of these towns got their names. That's nothing to Panic, Pa., about. [PAR] But there's something reassuring about towns so small that people 10 miles away have never heard of them, or where an elderly woman agrees to get her photo taken because \"Velma at the County says that you're OK.\" [PAR] Gladstone writes that he started his 38,000-mile journey over 40 states expecting to find cartoon characters, but instead found real people. Some a little odd, a few surly, but most happy to share all they know about their strangely named little towns. [PAR] \"Oh, boy. You've just made my year!\" bare-footed Chris McKinley says as he poses atop his pickup truck in Scratch Ankle, Ala., named when church people passing by in their carriages noted that scratching mosquito bites was the prime pastime of people on porches. [PAR] In Intercourse, Ala., named for the crossroads where the general store sits, Gladstone heard that after a series of car crashes outside the town's meeting hall, the local sewing instruction group was asked to take down its sign, \"Intercourse Lessons Wednesday Night.\" [PAR] He did not learn the origin of the names of Rough and Ready and Fearnot, neighboring towns in Pennsylvania, but he did hear about a newspaper headline from the 1930s: \"Fearnot Man Marries Rough and Ready Woman.\" [PAR] Another headline, this time from Nice, Calif., made Jay Leno's headline segment on \"The Tonight Show\": \"Nice man arrested for beating wife.\" [PAR] The origin of the name Suck-Egg Hollow in Tennessee was not so nice. A local egg farmer shot every animal that came near his henhouse until he discovered black snakes were sucking down his eggs. Meanwhile, Toad Suck, Ark., was named for ferry boat captains who sucked down moonshine whisky in between runs until they \"swole up like toads.\" [PAR] Towns were named for prominent people \u2014 Dull (Ohio); Nuttsville (Virginia) \u2014 and for the parting words of prominent people whose names were spurned (In Michigan: \"You can call this place Hell for all I care\"). [PAR] Civil War soldiers left the legacy of Sweetlips, Tenn., when they stopped for a drink at the stream, and for Stinking Point, Va., when their bodies washed up on shore. [PAR] Peculiar, Mo., could have been called Exasperation. After turning down a mail district three times for picking names that were already chosen, officials sent a message saying that they didn't care what it was called as long as it was peculiar, meaning unique. [PAR] In the five years of intermittently traveling these back roads, Gladstone learned to call ahead to find someone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC 2 Aborted Launch Night - Hywel's Home Page BBC 2 Aborted Launch Night [PAR] BBC 2 Aborted Launch Night [PAR] A special welcome if you've found yourself here after doing some Googling as a result of tonight's (17th April) The One Show piece about the disasterous BBC TWO launch night. Yes, that was me showing Giles Brenreth the original tape! We filmed that segment of the piece at the BBC's new archive centre in West London. [PAR] When BBC2 launched on April 20th 1964, widespread power failure in Central London prevented the channel from broadcasting its intended schedule from BBC Television Centre, which was affected by the power cut. [PAR] Instead, the channel launched with a short news bulletin, read by reporter Gerald Priestland, from the BBC's news studios in Alexandra Palace, followed by an evening of instrumental music from contemporary west end musicals and \"BBC 2 WILL START SHORTLY\" captions occasionally interrupted by \"MAJOR POWER FALIURE\" captions accompanied by apologetic announcements explaining why people weren't able to watch Cole Porter's Kiss Me Kate or fireworks from Southend Pier. [PAR] Even this short broadcast was dogged with technical difficulties - the first two and a half minutes were broadcast in complete silence, with Priestland completely unaware we couldn't hear him. [PAR] BBC 2's first scheduled programme was in fact Playschool, broadcasting the following morning. A second \"launch\" programme, which featured the now famous scene of presenter Denis Tuohy blowing out a candle in the darkened studio was shown as part of the news bulletin later in the evening, which is just as well as it's now folklore that someone had forgotten to put hands on the studio clock for the intended first night! [PAR] Since all the recording equipment at BBC Television Centre were out of action, the only recordings of the aborted launch programme were believed to be amateur audio recordings made by enthusiasts in their homes. No video was believed to exist since video recorders were very rare in 1964, well out of the price range of a household (then, about \ufffd100,000). [PAR] Until now. Early in February 2003, an engineer was sorting out tapes in BBC Research & Development's modest tape archive at Kingswood Warren in Surrey when he came across a 2 inch Quad spool tape with associated paperwork reading \"Opening of BBC 2\" dated 20th April 1964. The archive itself comprises mainly of experimental HDTV recordings but it seems the 2 inch spool had been kept as an example of obsolete technology after an extensive clear out in the mid '90s. [PAR] Since the only Quad tape machines that now exist in the BBC in London are based in the main archive at Windmill Road, it was several days before it was indeed confirmed that the tapes did contain the original news bulletin in its entirety. [PAR] The tape was made on Kingswood Warren's own Quad recorder on the evening of launch, off-air from Crystal Palace, and the recording was in very good condition - almost as good as the day it was recorded! [PAR] What's most remarkable about the tape is that back in 1964 (only 7 years after the first high-band video recorder had been invented), tapes were very expensive and were routinely bulk erased and re-used (I'm told that this spool would have costed around \ufffd100 in 1964!). The fact that this tape survived provides what's believed to be the earliest surviving recording off-air of a 625 line broadcast in the UK and probably the world. [PAR] The original spool alongside a conventional VHS tape for scale comparison [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jethro Tull - American Society of Mechanical Engineers Jethro Tull [PAR] Search [PAR] Jethro Tull [PAR] While a British rock band made his name famous nearly 300 years after his birth, Jethro Tull (1664 \u2013 1741) was renowned in his own right as an agricultural pioneer and the inventor of the seed drill, the horse drawn hoe, and an improved plough, all major developments in the 18th century agricultural revolution. [PAR] Share ASME [PAR] getmedia/2702f163-bf53-4814-ae59-deb7203d1280/Jethro_Tull-History_of_Mechanical_Enginerring-60th.jpg.aspx?width=60&height=60&ext=.jpg [PAR] While a British rock band made his name famous nearly 300 years after his birth, Jethro Tull (1664 \u2013 1741) was renowned in his own right as an agricultural pioneer and the inventor of the seed drill, the horse drawn hoe, and an improved plough, all major developments in the 18th century agricultural revolution, a period marked by rapid advancements in agricultural productivity and developments in farming technology. [PAR] Tull was born in Basildon, Berskhire, England in 1664. He studied law and graduated from Oxford University in 1699. Although he was admitted to the bar in the same year, he never practiced law. Tull began farming on his father's land in 1700 and took great interest in agricultural processes. [PAR] At the time, farmers typically planted crop seeds by carrying the seeds in a bag and walking up and down the field while randomly throwing or broadcasting the seed by hand on to the ploughed and harrowed ground. Tull deemed the method inefficient as the seed was not distributed evenly and much of it was wasted and did not take root. [PAR] Jethro Tull's seed drill. [PAR] In 1701, Tull developed a horse-drawn mechanical seed drill . The drill incorporated a rotating cylinder in which grooves were cut to allow seed to pass from a hopper above to a funnel below. The seeds were then directed into a channel dug by a plough at the front of the machine, and immediately covered by a harrow attached to the rear. Planting the seeds at regular intervals, at a consistent depth, and in a straight line limited waste and dramatically increased harvest yields. According to Royal Berkshire History, Tull said of his invention, \"It was named a drill because when farmers used to sow their beans and peas into channels or furrows by hand, they called that action drilling.\" Tull's improved drilling method allowed farmers to sow three rows of seeds simultaneously. [PAR] Tull took further scientific interest in plant nourishment. He correctly theorized that plants should be more widely spaced and the soil around them thoroughly broken down during growth. He further theorized that plants surrounded by loose soil would grow better not only during sowing, but in the early stages of growth as well. [PAR] Tull's theory, however, was based upon a fundamental error. He believed that the nourishment which the plant took from the earth was in the form of minute particles of soil. He did not believe that animal manure, which was commonly used as fertilizer, provided the plant with nourishment, but rather it provided a fermentative action in breaking up the soil particles. He saw no additional value in manure. He was highly criticized for this belief. [PAR] In 1709, he moved to a parcel of inherited land in Hungerford, called Prosperous Farm, where he continued his novel farming methods. In 1711, a pulmonary disorder sent him to Europe in search of treatment and a cure. While traveling, he noted the cultivation methods employed in the vineyards in the Languedoc area of France and in Italy, where it was usual practice to hoe the ground between the vines rather"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Johnny Vegas Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements ... Johnny Vegas Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [PAR] Film & Theater Personalities [PAR] Johnny Vegas Biography [PAR] Johnny Vegas is an English actor and comedian. Read through this biography to know in details about his life, career, works and timeline. [PAR] Quick Facts [PAR] St Helens, Lancashire (now Merseyside), England [PAR] Personality Type [PAR] Maia Dunphy (m. 2011), Catherine Donnelly (m. 2002\u00e2\u0080\u00932008) [PAR] education [PAR] Upholland [PAR] Image Credit http://www.hippowallpapers.com/gabourey-sidibe-wallpapers [PAR] Christened Michael Joseph Pennington, Johnny Vegas is one of the most popular comedians and actors of the entertainment industry. Famous for his angry outbursts and weird humor, he has made quite a name for himself as a comedian. Blessed with a portly figure and husky voice, his appearance adds on to his perfect comic timing, thus making him one of the most celebrated figures. Trained in ceramics, he tried his hand at making pottery his chief profession but soon gave up on the same to pursue acting. Interestingly, unlike other comedians and actors of his generation, he made his debut as a contestant in the television show, \u00e2\u0080\u0098Win Lose or Draw\u00e2\u0080\u0099. Over the years, he built quite a reputation for himself as a comedian. However, in the course, he did not give up on his ceramic love and continued to pursue the art form. His artistic designs were exhibited as a collection in the Victoria and Albert Museum. To know more about his life and works, read through the following lines. [PAR] Childhood & Early Life [PAR] Johnny Vegas was born as Michael Joseph Pennington to Laurence and Patricia Pennigton in Thatto Health, St Helens, Lancashire. [PAR] He was the youngest of the four children born to the couple. He had three siblings, two elder brothers Robert and Mark and an elder sister Catharine. [PAR] Raised as a Roman Catholic, he attained his formal education from West Park School, Alder Hey Road, St Helens. He then studied at St Joseph College, a boarding school seminary in Upholland. Though originally intended to train himself for priesthood, he returned after four terms being homesick. [PAR] He later on enrolled at the Middlesex University to study art and ceramics. After three years, he gained a third class degree in the same. [PAR] Career [PAR] Completing his education, he tried to have a career in pottery but in vain. For survival, he took up various odd and menial jobs. [PAR] He started working in an Argos warehouse, selling boiler insurance and packing bottles of Jif in a factory. He then worked as a barman at the Brown Edge pub in Thatto Heath [PAR] Comedy occurred to him inadvertently. He made a debut as a contestant in the television show, Win, Lose or Draw in UK. It was during the show that he used the stage name, Johnny Vegas which has stayed on with him since then. [PAR] He made a brief appearance in Channel 4\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 100 Greatest Stand Us and BBC Three\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Almost Famous 2. [PAR] It was in the mid-nineties that he took up residence in London with the intention of becoming a stand-up comedian. There, he was trained and mentored by Malcolm Hardee, the godfather of comedy. [PAR] In 2001, he was the face of the advertising campaign for the launch of the ITV digital. However, the launch was a disastrous one given the fact that the puppet named Monkey, voiced by Ben Miller, gained all the limelight. [PAR] In 2002, he made an appearance in the Dirk Maggs directorial Radio 4 sitcom \u00e2\u0080\u0098Night Class\u00e2\u0080\u0099, which he co-wrote with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Art Library catalogue, Victoria and Albert Museum ... National Art Library catalogue, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England. (Book, 1972) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] The E-mail message field is required. Please enter the message. [PAR] E-mail Message: [PAR] I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/585014 Title: National Art Library catalogue, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England. Publisher: Boston, G.K. Hall, 1972- ISBN/ISSN: 0816110220 9780816110223 OCLC:585014 [PAR] The ReCaptcha terms you entered were incorrect. Please try to match the 2 words shown in the window, or try the audio version."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Helen of Troy - Welcome to English About Helen of Troy [PAR] About Helen of Troy [PAR] Robert E. Bell [PAR] H [PAR] elen of Sparta was perhaps the most inspired character in all literature, ancient or modern. A whole war, one which lasted for ten years, was fought over her. Not only that, nearly all the myths of the heroic age were threaded together in such a way that this most idealized of all wars was the culmination of various exploits, including the Argonaut, the Theban wars, and the Calydonian boar hunt. It is as though this event was in the destiny of every dynasty formed from the beginning of things. [PAR] Helen, the face that launched a thousand ships, was a tantalizing enigma from the very first. She was flesh and blood certainly, but she was also immortal, since her father was none other than Zeus. Her mother was the beautiful Leda, queen of Sparta, who was ravished by the father of the gods in the form of a swan. Leda's husband was Tyndarecus, who later the same night, unaware of his feathered predecessor, also impregnated his wife. She produced two eggs, one of which yielded Helen and Polydeuces and the other of which contained Castor and Clytemnestra. While a swan's egg can be accepted for the sake of myth, it has never made much sense that the part of her pregnancy initiated by Tyndareus should produce an egg as well. This most curious of births has been subjected to all manner of combinations over the years. As delicious as the story of Leda was, some commentators even went so far as to suggest that Helen and the Dioscuri were conceived at Rhamnus in Attica by Zeus and Nemesis, the usually rather stern and sexless goddess whose job it was to curb excesses. Nemesis, not happy with being raped by a swan, laid an egg and left it. Leda found it, and when the egg hatched it produced Helen and the Dioscuri. In that case, Clytemnestra was not even a sister of Helen. [PAR] It is difficult to imagine the childhood of the famous egg-born quartet. Two of them could be injured, perhaps, but not fatally; two had special gifts that made them physically and mentally superior. Apparently there was no jealousy among them. Castor and Polydeuces were so closely attached they swore to die together, even if Polydeuces could not hope to fulfill this resolve. The relationship between Helen and Clytemnestra was not so simple. Helen was stunningly beautiful, and this must have caused Clytemnestra some wistful moments when inevitable comparisons were made. [PAR] When the sisters reached puberty, Helen was kidnapped. Both the aging Theseus, king of Athens, and his friend Peirithous, king of Larissa, wanted to have sex with one of Zeus' daughters before they died. Theseus chose Helen, whose remarkable beauty was already talked of far and wide. The abductors took her to Aphidna, a small city north of Athens, and left her in the safekeeping of one of Theseus' vassals. He put his mother, Aethra, with her as a guardian and companion. Inevitably, stories arose that Theseus took her into safekeeping to do Tyndarcus a favor. One of Tyndarcus' nephews was persistently pursuing her as a suitor, even at her very young age. Another story said the sons of Apharcus, Idas and Lynceus, stole her, which caused the famous fatal battle between them and the Dioscuri. There can be little question that Theseus took Helen\u0092s virginity. After all, that was the object of the kidnapping. Some suppose that he planned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Place Charles De Gaulle Photo - Natural History Photography Place Charles De Gaulle Photo, Place Charles De Gaulle photos, Phillip Colla Natural History Photography :: Online Photo Search [PAR] Home > Natural History Photography Blog > Search > Place Charles De Gaulle [PAR] Arc de Triomphe. The Arc de Triomphe (Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris. It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle (originally named Place de l'Etoile), at the western end of the Champs-Elysees. The Arc de Triomphe (in English: \"Triumphal Arch\") honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. The monument was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, and its iconographic program pitted heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail. It set the tone for public monuments, with triumphant patriotic messages. The monument stands 50 metres (164 ft) in height, 45 m (148 ft) wide and 22 m (72 ft) deep. Place Charles De Gaulle Photo. [PAR] Location: Arc de Triomphe , Paris, France [PAR] [PAR] Arc de Triomphe. The Arc de Triomphe (Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris. It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle (originally named Place de l'Etoile), at the western end of the Champs-Elysees. The Arc de Triomphe (in English: \"Triumphal Arch\") honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. The monument was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, and its iconographic program pitted heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail. It set the tone for public monuments, with triumphant patriotic messages. The monument stands 50 metres (164 ft) in height, 45 m (148 ft) wide and 22 m (72 ft) deep. Place Charles De Gaulle Picture. [PAR] Location: Arc de Triomphe , Paris, France [PAR] [PAR] Arc de Triomphe. The Arc de Triomphe (Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris. It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle (originally named Place de l'Etoile), at the western end of the Champs-Elysees. The Arc de Triomphe (in English: \"Triumphal Arch\") honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. The monument was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, and its iconographic program pitted heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail. It set the tone for public monuments, with triumphant patriotic messages. The monument stands 50 metres (164 ft) in height, 45 m (148 ft) wide and 22 m (72 ft) deep. Stock Photography of Place Charles De Gaulle. [PAR] Location: Arc de Triomphe , Paris, France [PAR] [PAR] Arc de Triomphe. The Arc de Triomphe (Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris. It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle (originally named Place de l'Etoile), at the western end of the Champs-Elysees. The Arc"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Absinthe Mansinthe 0,7l, 66.6% Absinthe Mansinthe 0,7l, 66.6% [PAR] Absinthe Mansinthe 0,7l, 66.6% [PAR] Description Reviews (0) [PAR] Marilyn Manson drinks Absinthe, now he has his own Absinthe brand - Mansinthe. The Absinthe itself is green with a smooth and balanced taste. It has a low anise level and therefore doesn\u00b4t have an extreme licorice taste. Try it and experience what inspires Marilyn! [PAR] Absinthe was invented at the end of the 18th century, in Val-de-Travers in the Swiss province of Jura. It is traditionally made of vermouth, aniseed, fennel and a range of other herbs. In the mid 19th century, absinthe was the drink of Bohemia. Artists such as Ernest Hemingway, Edgar Allan Poe, Oscar Wilde, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Gauguin, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Vincent van Gogh regarded the green fairy as a source of inspiration. The same is true for Marilyn Manson, who has been known as an absinthe lover for many years. In July 2007, together with Markus Lion from ABSINTHE.DE and multiple award-winning Swiss speciality distillery Matter-Luginb\u00fchl AG, he launched his own absinthe, which is called Mansinthe. [PAR] Manson intensely involved in the development [PAR] Two years after the initial idea to do develop an absinthe together with Marilyn Manson, it was finished, Markus Lion looks back. Manson was intensely involved in the development, constantly tasting the samples, giving his opinion and providing suggestions for changes. When he was completely satisfied with a prototype, the final implementation was swift. The artist, whose real name is Brian Hugh Warner, presented his Mansinthe at the private viewing of his exhibition in Galerie Schenk in Cologne, on 27th June 2007. [PAR] How to prepare Mansinthe: [PAR] Pour 3cl of Mansinthe into a large stemmed glass, then place a slotted absinthe spoon and sugar cube over the glass. Slowly drip ice-water over the sugar cube until dissolved, then fill glass with water to preferred taste. [PAR] You may also use an Absinthefountain - that makes a perfect preparation as well as a Brouilleur. [PAR] This fine spirit is also enjoyed by the most discerning connoisseurs without sugar. [PAR] Do not: [PAR] light your Absinthe on fire [PAR] think, Absinthe will make you hallucinate - it wont! [PAR] Drink responsibly and with moderation! [PAR] Gold medal winner at the 2008 San Francisco World Spirits Competition [PAR] Bronze medal winner at the 2008 IWSC"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Melbourne | Article about Melbourne by The Free Dictionary Melbourne | Article about Melbourne by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Melbourne | Article about Melbourne by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Melbourne [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Melbourne, [PAR] city (1991 pop. 2,761,995), capital of Victoria, SE Australia, on Port Phillip Bay at the mouth of the Yarra River. Melbourne, Australia's second largest city, is a rail and air hub and financial and commercial center. Wool and raw and processed agricultural goods are exported. The city is heavily industrialized; industries include shipbuilding and the manufacture of farm machinery, textiles, and electrical goods. Included in the Melbourne urban agglomeration are many coastal resorts. [PAR] Settled in 1835, it was named (1837) for Lord Melbourne Melbourne, William Lamb, 2d Viscount [PAR] , 1779\u20131848, British statesman. He entered Parliament as a Whig in 1805, was (1827\u201328) chief secretary for Ireland, and entered (1828) the House of Lords on the death of [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , the British prime minister. From 1901 to 1927 the city was the seat of the Australian federal government. The population, once primarily British, has changed since World War II with immigration from E and S Europe and, more recently, Asia. [PAR] Melbourne has campuses of several universities, including the Univ. of Melbourne (1853), Monash Univ. (1958), and La Trobe Univ. (1964). Melbourne Technical College, the Australian Ballet School, the National Gallery of Victoria, the Melbourne Museum, and the galleries and theaters of the Victorian Arts Centre also are in the city. Melbourne is the seat of Roman Catholic and Anglican archbishops. Attractive parks, including the notable Royal Botanic Gardens and Melbourne Zoo; the bustling Queen Victoria Market; and the cultural and commercial Federation Square complex draw both tourists and residents. Melbourne Park is the site of tennis's Australian Open, the Melbourne Cup horse race is run annually at Flemington Racecourse, and the city hosts a Formula One Grand Prix race. Melbourne was the site of the 1956 summer Olympic games. [PAR] Melbourne, [PAR] city (1990 pop. 59,646), Brevard co., E Fla., on Indian River (a lagoon); inc. 1888, consolidated with Eau Gallie 1969. It is a tourist and aerospace center near the Atlantic Ocean. The leading industries process and ship fruit, and manufacture electronic equipment and leisure craft. Since the development of Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral [PAR] , low, sandy promontory extending E into the Atlantic Ocean from a barrier island, E Fla., separated from Merritt Island by the Banana River, a lagoon; named (1963) Cape Kennedy in memory of President John F. Kennedy, it reverted to its original name in 1973. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , the aerospace industry has bolstered Melbourne's economy and population. Florida Institute of Technology is in the city, and Patrick Air Force Base is nearby. [PAR] Melbourne [PAR] [PAR] a city in the Commonwealth of Australia; capital of the state of Victoria. Located on the shore of Port Phillip Bay at the mouth of the Yarra River. Founded in the 1830\u2019s, the city was named after the prime minister of Great Britain, Lord Melbourne. It is the largest city in the country after Sydney. In 1971 the population was 2,389,000 (suburbs included). [PAR] From the early 19th century until 1927, Melbourne developed as a business and financial as well as an administrative center. It was the capital of the Commonwealth of Australia from 1901 to 1927. After 1927 the city became a major industrial center because of its advantageous location for transportation. Melbourne is a junction for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | UK | Dive to film Titanic rescue ship BBC NEWS | UK | Dive to film Titanic rescue ship [PAR] Dive to film Titanic rescue ship [PAR] 1,500 passengers died when the Titanic sank in 1912 [PAR] Divers are preparing to record the first video footage of the wreck of RMS Carpathia, which rescued more than 700 survivors from the Titanic in 1912. [PAR] The vessel was herself sunk off the Cornish coast in a German torpedo attack six years later. [PAR] Dive organiser Jeff Cornish said the team of volunteers was also aiming to collect artefacts for an exhibition about the Titanic in London next year. [PAR] The ship lies 500ft (150m) underwater, 300 miles off south-west England. [PAR] The ship picked up 705 survivors as the Titanic went down in 1912 after hitting an iceberg. [PAR] It is believed that without the Carpathia and her skipper, Captain Arthur Rostron, there would have been no survivors from the Titanic. [PAR] Ship's bell [PAR] Mr Cornish said the divers were hoping to recover a number of key items from the ship. [PAR] \"The ship's bell is going to be a prize possession which we would like to recover,\" he said. [PAR] \"(And) what's called a 'loving cup' was given by survivors of the Titanic to Captain Rostron for saving them. [PAR] \"What's present on the bridge, cutlery, plates with the Cunard insignia on it - those sorts of things that I think people will be interested in looking at in the exhibition.\" [PAR] The wreck of the 13,000-tonne Cunard liner was discovered in 1999. [PAR] The passenger steamship had been built at the Swan Hunter yard in Newcastle and was launched in August 1902. [PAR] It was sailing east from New York on the night of Sunday 14 April, 1912, when it received the Titanic's distress signal. [PAR] Captain Rostron set a course at maximum speed to reach the Titanic's last known position, about 58 miles away. [PAR] He ordered the ship's heating and water to be cut off so the engines could use all its steam as it worked through dangerous ice fields to reach the sinking Titanic."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Austria States - Statoids Austria States [PAR] Vienna [PAR] [PAR] At the beginning of the 20th century, Austria was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or Austria-Hungary. This country included most or all of present-day Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Croatia, about half of Romania, and parts of Southern Poland, Western Ukraine, Northern Yugoslavia, and Northern Italy. It also had administrative control of Bosnia-Herzegovina. At the end of World War I, the treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon redrew the map of Europe, and Austria emerged looking almost exactly as it does today. During World War II, Austria was annexed by Germany, but the Allies never recognized the annexation, and at the end of the war, the status quo ante was restored. [PAR] Other names of country: [PAR] ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2. [PAR] FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4. [PAR] NUTS: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics. Note: by taking the first three characters of the NUTS codes, [PAR] the states can be grouped into three regions: AT1 Ost\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich, AT2 S\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich, and AT3 West\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich. [PAR] UPU: Province codes from \"Postal Addressing Systems\". [PAR] Conv: Conventional abbreviations used in Austria. [PAR] Population: 2011-10-31 census from population registers (source [5]). [PAR] Postal Codes: Austrian Postleitzahlen (postal codes, abbreviated PLZ) are four digits. With a few exceptions, the [PAR] state can be deduced from the first one or two digits. The exceptions are cases where a city is served from a [PAR] distribution center in a neighboring state. (a) Also 99xx for East Tyrol. Note: postal codes for Austrian addresses [PAR] can be identified by prefixing them with \"A-\". [PAR] Further subdivisions: [PAR] See the Districts of Austria page. [PAR] Each state is further subdivided into entities of two types: Politischer Bezirk (district) and Statutarstadt (statutory city, or urban district). (Vienna has only one such subdivision.) There are currently 99 districts. They are further subdivided into Gemeinden (communes). [PAR] Territorial extent: [PAR] Vienna is completely surrounded by Lower Austria. [PAR] Tyrol consists of two sections, separated by a strip of land belonging to Salzburg. The smaller part, commonly called Osttirol (East Tyrol), is equivalent to the Politischer Bezirk of Lienz. [PAR] There is also a small area of Tyrol, containing the town of Jungholz, which is connected to the rest of Tyrol at only a single point. The Austrian-German border forms an X there. [PAR] for Austria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. [PAR] Origins of names: [PAR] Burgenland: Named for the three Hungarian counties, known in German as Eisenburg, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddenburg, and Wieselburg, which were cut up to make this state: the Land of the \"-burgs.\" [PAR] Carinthia: The inhabitants of this region were known as Carantani to the ancient Romans. [PAR] Lower Austria: Area of Austria which lies downstream along the Danube. [PAR] Salzburg: German Salz: salt, Burg: castle. Salt was mined and stored here. [PAR] Styria: German Steiermark from Steyr, a city name, and Old High German marcha: boundary land. [PAR] Tyrol: Named for Tyrol Castle near Merano. [PAR] Upper Austria: Area of Austria which lies upstream along the Danube. [PAR] Vienna: Latin Vindobona from Indo-European vindo: whiteness and Celtic bona: citadel. [PAR] Vorarlberg: = Before the Arlberg, a mountain (pass) which divides this state from the rest of Austria. [PAR] Change history: [PAR] 1918: The official names of the provinces of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich ober der Enns and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich unter der Enns were changed to Ober\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich and Unter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich, respectively, to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many bones are in the neck? - Parts of The Skeletal ... How many bones are in the neck? - Parts of The Skeletal System - Sharecare [PAR] Parts of The Skeletal System [PAR] How many bones are in the neck? [PAR] There are seven bones in the neck, or cervical spine. Each bone is called a vertebra. [PAR] (This answer provided for NATA by the University of Alabama Athletic Training Education Program.) [PAR] Helpful? 1 person found this helpful. [PAR] This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. [PAR] Videos (6)[DOC] [TLE] What are the human neck bones? | Reference.com What are the human neck bones? | Reference.com [PAR] What are the human neck bones? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The seven bones of the cervical spine that make up the human neck are known as C1 through C7 from top to bottom, according to Healthline. The vertebra closest to the skull, or C1, is known as the atlas, and the vertebra directly below the atlas is called the axis. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The seven cervical vertebrae are the smallest backbones in the human body, and the vertebra closest to the skull is the smallest of the seven neck bones. Each cervical vertebra has a cervical disc between it, and these bones support the head. Muscles attached to these vertebrae rotate, flex and extend the neck, notes Spine-health.com. The atlas and axis are specialized vertebrae that help rotate the head side-to-side, whereas the other five cervical vertebrae more closely resemble larger vertebrae further down the spine. [PAR] The seven cervical vertebrae protect the spinal cord as it protrudes from the brain. The Longus colli muscle lies between the vertebrae and the rest of the neck. This muscle extends into the upper back and helps move the neck and keep the neck stable. The Longus colli is the muscle injured most often in a car accident involving whiplash, notes Healthline. Three other muscles connect to the neck vertebrae to help move the neck, head and back."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hydrogen Energy - Energy and kids Energy and kids [PAR] [PAR] Hydrogen [PAR] Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element. [PAR] Hydrogen is the simplest element known to man. Each atom of hydrogen has only one proton. It is also the most plentiful gas in the universe. Stars are made primarily of hydrogen. [PAR] The sun is basically a giant ball of hydrogen and helium gases. In the sun's core, hydrogen atoms combine to form helium atoms. This process\u2014called fusion gives off radiant energy. [PAR] This radiant energy sustains life on earth. It gives us light and makes plants grow. It makes the wind blow and rain fall. It is stored as chemical energy in fossil fuels. Most of the energy we use today came from the sun's radiant energy. [PAR] Hydrogen gas is lighter than air and, as a result, it rises in the atmosphere. This is why hydrogen as a gas (H2) is not found by itself on earth. It is found only in compound form with other elements. Hydrogen combined with oxygen, is water (H2O). Hydrogen combined with carbon, forms different compounds such as methane (CH4), coal, and petroleum. Hydrogen is also found in all growing things\u2014biomass. It is also an abundant element in the earth's crust. [PAR] Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight(about three times more than gasoline), but the lowest energy content by volume (about four times less than gasoline). It is the lightest element, and it is a gas at normal temperature and pressure. [PAR] Hydrogen gas, H2, was first artificially produced and formally described by T. Von Hohenheim (also known as Paracelsus, 1493\u20131541) via the mixing of metals with strong acids. He was unaware that the flammable gas produced by this chemical reaction was a new chemical element. In 1671, Robert Boyle rediscovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas. In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by identifying the gas from a metal-acid reaction as \"inflammable air\" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen (from the Greek hydro meaning water and genes meaning creator) when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned [PAR] Hydrogen and energy carrier [PAR] Energy carriers move energy in a usable form from one place to another. Electricity is the most well-known energy carrier. We use electricity to move the energy in coal, uranium, and other energy sources from power plants to homes and businesses. We also use electricity to move the energy in flowing water from hydropower dams to consumers. It is much easier to use electricity than the energy sources themselves. [PAR] Like electricity, hydrogen is an energy carrier and must be produced from another substance. Hydrogen is not widely used today but it has great potential as an energy carrier in the future. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of resources (water, fossil fuels, biomass) and is a byproduct of other chemical processes. Unlike electricity, large quantities of hydrogen can be easily stored to be used in the future. Hydrogen can also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polly Put the Kettle On - Nursery Rhymes Polly Put the Kettle On [PAR] Polly Put the Kettle On [PAR] Polly Put the Kettle On [PAR] Polly put the kettle on [PAR] Polly put the kettle on [PAR] Polly put the kettle on [PAR] We'll all have tea [PAR] Sukey take it off again [PAR] Sukey take it off again [PAR] Sukey take it off again [PAR] They've all gone away[DOC] [TLE] Polly Put The Kettle On | Nursery Rhymes | Original ... Polly Put The Kettle On | Nursery Rhymes | Original Version By LittleBabyBum! - YouTube [PAR] Polly Put The Kettle On | Nursery Rhymes | Original Version By LittleBabyBum! [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 2, 2016 [PAR] Download LBB videos http://www.littlebabybum.com/shop/videos [PAR] Plush Toys: http://littlebabybum.com/shop/plush-t... [PAR] \u00a9 El Bebe Productions Limited [PAR] SAFETY FIRST! Children: do not use a kettle as they can be very hot! Always ask a grown up to help in the kitchen! [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] Play now [PAR] Mix - Polly Put The Kettle On | Nursery Rhymes | Original Version By LittleBabyBum!YouTube [PAR] New [PAR] 52:29 [PAR] Miss Polly Had A Dolly | Plus Lots More Nursery Rhymes | 74 Minutes Compilation from LittleBabyBum! - Duration: 1:14:29. LittleBabyBum \u00ae 13,508,402 views [PAR] 1:14:29 [PAR] Down By The Bay | Plus Lots More Nursery Rhymes | 64 Minutes Compilation from LittleBabyBum! - Duration: 1:04:09. LittleBabyBum \u00ae 3,993,084 views [PAR] 1:04:09 [PAR] Rock A Bye Baby | Plus Lots More Nursery Rhymes | 61 Minutes Compilation from LittleBabyBum! - Duration: 1:01:26. LittleBabyBum \u00ae 33,437,817 views [PAR] 1:01:26 [PAR] Ding Dong Bell | Plus Lots More Nursery Rhymes | 64 Minutes Compilation from LittleBabyBum! - Duration: 1:04:26. LittleBabyBum \u00ae 8,585,313 views [PAR] 1:04:26"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscar Wilde: Biography, Writer, Poet | Online Homework ... Oscar Wilde: Biography, Writer, Poet | Online Homework Help | SchoolWorkHelper [PAR] Oscar Wilde: Biography, Writer, Poet [PAR] You are here: [PAR] PDF [PAR] Oscar Wilde (real name Oscar Fingal O\u2019Flahertie Wills Wilde) was born on October 16th, 1854 in Dublin. His father, William Robert Wilde, was an eminent eye doctor, with an interest in myths and folklore. He was the founder of the first eye and ear hospital in Great Britain, as well as the appointed Surgeon Occultist to the Queen, who knighted him. His mother, Jane Francesca Elgee Wilde, was a poet who wrote patriotic Irish verse under the pen name Speranza, and had a considerable following. As a youngster, Wilde was exposed to the brilliant literary talk of the day at his mother\u2019s Dublin salon. [PAR] In 1864 Wilde entered the Portora Royal School at Enniskillen, and in 1871 entered Trinity College in Dublin. In 1874 he left Ireland and went [PAR] to England to attend Magdalen College at Oxford. As a student there, he excelled in classics, wrote poetry, and incorporated the Bohemian life style of his youth into a unique way of life. He came under the influence of aesthetic innovators such as English writers Walter Pater and John Ruskin. He found the aesthetic movement\u2019s notions of \u201cart for art\u2019s sake\u201d and dedicating one\u2019s life to art suitable to his temperament and talents. As an aesthete, Wilde wore long hair and velvet knee breeches, and became known for his eccentricity as well as his academic ability. His rooms were filled with various objets d\u2019art such as sunflowers, peacock feathers, and blue china. Wilde frequently confided that his greatest challenge at University was learning to live up to the perfection of the china. Wilde won numerous academic prizes while studying there, including the Newdigate Prize, a coveted poetry award, for his poem Ravenna. In 1879 Wilde moved to London to make himself famous. He set about establishing himself as the leader and model of the aesthetic movement. Besides his hair and breeches, he added loose-fitting wide-collared silk shirts with flowing ties and lavender colored gloves. He frequently carried a jewel-topped cane and was caricatured in the press flamboyantly attired and holding an over- sized sunflower, an icon of the movement. [PAR] Wilde quickly became well known despite having any substantial achievements to build on. His natural wit and good humor endeared him to the art and theater world, and through his lover Frank Miles, he found it easy to become part of the cliques that frequented London\u2019s theater circuit and drawing rooms. He became a much desired party guest, and eventually his popularity led to his being chosen as an advance publicity man for a new Gilbert and Sullivan operetta, Patience, that spoofed aesthetes like himself. In 1881, Wilde\u2019s first book of poems, called Poems, was published. In 1882, short of money, he accepted an invitation to embark on a lecture tour of America. He produced his first play in New York City, called Vera, about nihilism in Russia. According to some, it was canceled at the last moment, probably for political reasons; others say he saw it performed there but that it ran unsuccessfully. Throughout that year he lectured in 70 American cities as well as Ontario and Quebec in Canada on the arts and literature. The tour was an unmitigated smash and Wilde returned to London in 1883 in triumph and richer by several thousand pounds. By the time he returned from America he had already tired of being the Great Aesthete and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cool math .com - Polygons - Octagons - properties ... Cool math .com - Polygons - Octagons - properties, interior angles [PAR] Sum of the Interior Angles of an Octagon: [PAR] This image shows the process for a [PAR] HEXAGON: [PAR] Using the same methods as for hexagons to the right (I'll let you do the pictures)... [PAR] To find the sum of the interior angles of an octagon, divide it up into triangles... There are six triangles... Because the sum of the angles of each triangle is 180 degrees... We get [PAR] So, the sum of the interior angles of an octagon is 1080 degrees. [PAR] Regular Octagons:The properties of regular octagons: [PAR] All sides are the same length (congruent) and all interior angles are the same size (congruent). [PAR] To find the measure of the angles, we know that the sum of all the angles is 1080 degrees (from above)... And there are eight angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the interior angle of a regular octagon is 135 degrees. [PAR] The measure of the central angles of a regular octagon: [PAR] To find the measure of the central angle of a regular octagon, make a circle in the middle... A circle is 360 degrees around... Divide that by eight angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the central angle of a regular octagon is 45 degrees. [PAR] Popular Topics[DOC] [TLE] Geometry Sum Of Polygon Interior Angles - Math-Prof.com 8 [PAR] 1080 [PAR] The more sides (and angles) we have in an object, the more the angles inside the shape add up to! We could even write a formula like this ... [PAR] Angles inside a polygon add up to = 180 \ufffd (number of sides - 2) [PAR] If we just kept adding more and more sides until the number of sides gets to infinity, what shape would we have? [PAR] A CIRCLE!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ Desert Island Discs - YouTube Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ Desert Island Discs - YouTube [PAR] Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ Desert Island Discs [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 29, 2009 [PAR] This is (By The) Sleepy Lagoon composed by Eric Coates and performed by Eric Coates and the Symphony Orchestra. [PAR] The original version was recorded by Coates for introducing the BBC radio series Desert Island Discs, which has run since 1942, and the theme is still in use today. [PAR] Upon hearing the melody, Jack Lawrence wrote the song lyrics to it, and it became a hit for bandleader Harry James reaching no1 in the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart in 1942. [PAR] Other hit versions were recorded by Dinah Shore, David Rose, Fred Waring, Glenn Miller and others. [PAR] The song made the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960, in a version by the Platters, found originally on the flipside of the 1960 top ten \"Harbor Lights\". [PAR] The song is used at one of the rides (The Magic Clock) in De Efteling in The [PAR] Netherlands, one of Europe's largest theme parks. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology: Sisyphus Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology: Sisyphus [PAR] [PAR] Sisyphus (SIS-i-fus) [PAR] Sinner condemned in Tartarus to an eternity of rolling a boulder uphill then watching it roll back down again. Sisyphus was founder and king of Corinth, or Ephyra as it was called in those days. He was notorious as the most cunning knave on earth. His greatest triumph came at the end of his life, when the god Hades came to claim him personally for the kingdom of the dead. Hades had brought along a pair of handcuffs, a comparative novelty, and Sisyphus expressed such an interest that Hades was persuaded to demonstrate their use - on himself. [PAR] And so it came about that the high lord of the Underworld was kept locked up in a closet at Sisyphus's house for many a day, a circumstance which put the great chain of being seriously out of whack. Nobody could die. A soldier might be chopped to bits in battle and still show up at camp for dinner. Finally Hades was released and Sisyphus was ordered summarily to report to the Underworld for his eternal assignment. But the wily one had another trick up his sleeve. [PAR] He simply told his wife not to bury him and then complained to Persephone, Queen of the Dead, that he had not been accorded the proper funeral honors. What's more, as an unburied corpse he had no business on the far side of the river Styx at all - his wife hadn't placed a coin under his tongue to secure passage with Charon the ferryman. Surely her highness could see that Sisyphus must be given leave to journey back topside and put things right. [PAR] Kindly Persephone assented, and Sisyphus made his way back to the sunshine, where he promptly forgot all about funerals and such drab affairs and lived on in dissipation for another good stretch of time. But even this paramount trickster could only postpone the inevitable. Eventually he was hauled down to Hades, where his indiscretions caught up with him. For a crime against the gods - the specifics of which are variously reported - he was condemned to an eternity at hard labor. And frustrating labor at that. For his assignment was to roll a great boulder to the top of a hill. Only every time Sisyphus, by the greatest of exertion and toil, attained the summit, the darn thing rolled back down again."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This Day in Music, November 29: L'Angelo Misterioso | TMR This Day in Music, November 29: L'Angelo Misterioso | TMR [PAR] This Day in Music, November 29: L'Angelo Misterioso [PAR] November 29, 2011 [PAR] By Neil Cossar , Contributor [PAR] On this day in 2001, former Beatles guitarist George Harrison died in Los Angeles of lung cancer, aged 58. Following the breakup of The Beatles, Harrison had a successful career as a solo artist and later as part of the Traveling Wilburys. George was the youngest member of The Beatles (16 when he joined), and went on to release the acclaimed triple album, All Things Must Pass, in 1970, from which came the worldwide No.1 single \u201cMy Sweet Lord.\u201d [PAR] This was a sad day, the second Beatle to leave us and at just 58. Who'd of thought that by the turn of the century, we would've lost two Beatles? First John and now George. I'm sure, like myself growing up with the Fabs, you just thought they would be around forever. [PAR] There is so much to say about Harrison; he achieved so much in his post-Beatle life. George was the mastermind behind the first major musical live fundraiser with The Concert For Bangladesh. [PAR] Many critics say that his 1970 triple album All Things Must Pass is the finest solo Beatles effort. It is a great body of work which, with the release of the worldwide hit \"My Sweet Lord,\" well and truly established Harrison as an equal to Lennon and McCartney. [PAR] By the end of The Beatles, George had accumulated hundreds of songs, many of which found a home on All Things Must Pass. He went on to make another eight solo albums during his career. [PAR] Harrison had formed a close friendship with Eric Clapton in the late 1960s, and they co-wrote the song \"Badge\" which was released on Cream's Goodbye album in 1969. Harrison also played rhythm guitar on the song. For contractual reasons, Harrison was required to use the pseudonym \"L'Angelo Misterioso,\" meaning \"The Mysterious Angel\" in Italian. [PAR] George became an accomplished gardener; he restored the English manor house and grounds of Friar Park, his home in Henley-on-Thames. Several Harrison videos were filmed on the grounds, including \"Crackerbox Palace. In addition, the grounds served as the background for the cover of All Things Must Pass. He employed a staff of ten workers to maintain the 36-acre (150,000 m2) garden, and both of his older brothers worked on Friar Park as well. Harrison took great solace working in the garden and grew to consider himself more a gardener than a musician; his autobiography is dedicated \"to gardeners everywhere.\" [PAR] George had standout tracks on every Beatles album from Revolver through to Abbey Road: \"Taxman,\" \"Within You Without You,\" \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps,\" \"Here Comes the Sun,\" and \"Something\" (which is the second-most covered Beatles' song after \"Yesterday\"). Harrison was quoted as saying that his favourite cover of the song was James Brown's, and he kept Brown's version in his personal jukebox. [PAR] Olivia Harrison said of her late husband, \"There was a quote by the Indian poet Tagore that George read to me one day that said, 'Blessed is he whose fame does not outshine his truth.' And I think it's safe to say, that, despite his immense fame, his truth will never be out-shined or forgotten.\" [PAR] Eric Clapton said of Harrison, \"He was just a magical guy. He would show up with his guitar and come in and you'd start playing. He started to sing, would start to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Le Gigot d'Agneau - French Roasted Leg of Lamb Recipe ... Le Gigot d'Agneau - French Roasted Leg of Lamb Recipe - Learn French [PAR] Le Gigot d'Agneau - French Roasted Leg of Lamb Recipe [PAR] March 21, 2016 [PAR] Pin it [PAR] Today, we'll take a look at a very traditional French leg of lamb recipe: le gigot d'agneau Pascal. In case you were wondering, let's be clear: \"Agneau Pascal\" does NOT mean \"Some guy named Pascal's recipe for leg of lamb!\" but rather the lamb that is traditionally cooked for Easter (called \"P\u00e2ques\") holiday. [PAR] You\u2019ll find several variations of this leg of lamb recipe in countries around the mediterranean (my favourite being the lemon based Greek leg of lamb, but I\u2019m biased with my ancestry). [PAR] The good news is that as far as holiday meals are concerned, this is probably one of the simplest and fastest to make: The whole recipe requires just 5 ingredients and less than 15 minutes of preparation! [PAR] Now you can of course spruce it up a little (which is what I do) but the basics of the meal is super simple. [PAR] Ingredients For the French Easter Lamb Recipe [PAR] Leg of lamb, bone-in recommended (\u201cGigot d\u2019agneau\u201d) [PAR] Garlic [PAR] Dried \u201cherbes de Provence\u201d (mixture of savoury, thyme, lavender and other herbs) [PAR] Leg of Lamb Recipe [PAR] [Note: Take the leg of lamb out of the fridge about 2 hours before you start the recipe so that the meat is not too cold] [PAR] Run the leg of lamb under cold water to remove any stickiness of the meat and dry it well with paper towels. Removing all the excess moisture will make for a crispier outside when cooking. [PAR] If your butcher has not done so, remove most of the white tough skin that might be on the leg of lamb. Just make a small incision, pull with your fingers and cut parallel to the meat as you pull (Some people don\u2019t mind that skin it but I prefer without it, it makes the meat more presentable and easier to eat) [PAR] Cut your garlic into small juliennes (long strips) of about 5mm x 5mm (imagine tiny garlic French fries!) [PAR] With a long sharp knife, make an long thin incision in the meat and insert the garlic into the opening. (I also like to add a couple of leaves of fresh rosemary too but not everyone likes that stronger taste). This is called \u201cpiquer la viande \u00e0 l\u2019ail\u201d (literally to pierce the meat with garlic). [PAR] Do this evenly in all the deep parts of the meat. The amount of garlic you \u201cpique\u201d with is up to you and based on your preferences, use less for a romantic dinner, use more after 10 years of marriage ;-) [PAR] Put the leg of lamb in a large oven dish (\u201cUn plat\u201d) and add some olive oil (not too much, lamb already has lots of natural fat) and generously sprinkle pepper and, optionally, the \u201cherbes de Provence\u201d on every part of the roast. With the oil, all the pepper and herbs will stick to the meat making a sort of crust. [PAR] [Note you can make all these steps the day before, just make sure you take the leg of lamb out of the fridge 2 hours before you put it into the oven] [PAR] Cooking Your Leg of Lamb [PAR] Set your oven (\u201cun four\u201d) to a high temperature (about 240\u00b0 celsius/464\u00b0F and let it get really hot) [PAR] Just before you put the leg of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Bull DOESN'T give you wings: Energy drink giant to ... Red Bull DOESN'T give you wings: Energy drink giant to cough up \u00a38.1m over false advertising lawsuit - Mirror Online [PAR] News [PAR] Red Bull DOESN'T give you wings: Energy drink giant to cough up \u00a38.1m over false advertising lawsuit [PAR] Austrian manufacturer loses US lawsuit and agrees to pay out to anyone who drank Red Bull in America in the last 12 years [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Video Loading [PAR] Click to play Tap to play [PAR] The video will start in 8Cancel [PAR] Play now [PAR] Red Bull DOESN'T give you wings \u2013 who knew? [PAR] The famous energy drink slogan has been found to be false after a US lawsuit. [PAR] And the Austrian manufacturer has agreed to cough up a bank-busting $13million (\u00a38.1m) to settle over false advertising. [PAR] It means anyone who glugged a can of Red Bull stateside in the last 12 years could soon have a cash windfall winging their way. [PAR] And they don't even need a proof of purchase. [PAR] They shouldn't moon the boss, cancel the milk and book round-the-world flights just yet though. [PAR] Because the company \u2013 which admitted no wrongdoing \u2013 has only agreed to fork out $10 (\u00a36.17) cash or $15 (\u00a39.26) worth of Red Bull products per person up to the cap of $13m. [PAR] A website - energydrinksettlement.com - set up by Red Bull to process claims crashed after a flood of traffic this week. [PAR] Can you believe it? Red Bull has lost a lawsuit over the 'gives you wings' claims (Photo: Getty / asasinz2 / Youtube) [PAR] There\u2019s a deadline of March 2015 to submit an application. [PAR] The false ad lawsuit was kicked off in 2013 by a US consumer, Benjamin Careathers. [PAR] He argued the Red Bull slogan clearly doesn't mean the drink will give you wings. [PAR] But he claimed it is generally accepted the drink should give a higher energy boost than an average cup of coffee . [PAR] At a hearing in August, a judge agreed with him. [PAR] \"Even though there is a lack of genuine scientific support for a claim that Red Bull branded energy drinks provide any more benefit to a consumer than a cup of coffee, the Red Bull defendants persistently and pervasively market their product as a superior source of 'energy' worthy of a premium price over a cup of coffee or other sources of caffeine,\" the suit says. [PAR] The firm has agreed to amend future marketing campaigns. [PAR] Red Bull is the biggest selling energy drink in the world, with 5.4 billion cans sold in 2013. [PAR] poll loading[DOC] [TLE] Red Bull Lawsuit: Company Uses Deceptive Marketing, Says ... Red Bull Lawsuit: Company Uses Deceptive Marketing, Says Plaintiff | The Huffington Post [PAR] Red Bull Lawsuit: Company Uses Deceptive Marketing, Says Plaintiff [PAR] 01/16/2013 07:24 pm ET | Updated Mar 19, 2013 [PAR] 500 [PAR] By Bernard Vaughan [PAR] NEW YORK, Jan 16 (Reuters) - Red Bull, the popular energy drink whose slogan is \"gives you wings,\" provides no more energy than a cup of coffee or a caffeine pill, according to a lawsuit made public on Wednesday. [PAR] The lawsuit claims that Red Bull uses deceptive marketing to charge a premium for a product whose claims are largely unfounded. [PAR] \"Defendants are able to charge and get a substantial premium for their products over readily available and much"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] pontil - Wiktionary pontil - Wiktionary [PAR] pontil [PAR] pontil \u200e(plural pontils ) [PAR] (glassblowing) A punty ; a metal rod used in the glassblowing process. After a glass vessel has been blown to approximate size and the bottom of the piece has been finalized, the rod, which is tipped with a wad of hot glass, is attached to the bottom of the vessel to hold it while the top is finalized. It often leaves an irregular or ring-shaped scar on the base when removed called the \"pontil mark\".[DOC] [TLE] Pontil - definition of pontil by The Free Dictionary Pontil - definition of pontil by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Pontil - definition of pontil by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pontil [PAR] See punty . [PAR] [French, possibly from Italian puntello, diminutive of punto, point, from Latin p\u016bnctum, from neuter past participle of pungere, to prick; see peuk- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] pontil [PAR] (Ceramics) a less common word for punty [PAR] [C19: from French, apparently from Italian puntello; see punty] [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] punty [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] The best, and earliest, are blown freehand in clear glass with heavy base, and pontil marks either ground out or left rough where the finished glass was snapped off the glass pontil rod from which the piece was made. [PAR] Detection and recognition of real-time indoor objects using sift features [PAR] His oldest exhibit was a German, black glass wine bottle with snapped pontil. [PAR] GLASS ACT [PAR] Each gather of molten glass is carried from tank to glory hole, where it is formed \"at the fire\" with blowpipes, pontil rods, shears, calipers and other tools little changed over centuries. [PAR] Woman's Day Presents the Seventh Annual \"Red Dress Awards\": An Evening to Honor Those Who Have Made Contributions in the Fight Against Heart Disease; Event to Benefit the Larry King Cardiac Foundation [PAR] Other liturgical texts include a passage from the Credo of the Mass ending the fourth movement when Christ is condemned, \"Cruxifixus etiam pro nobis; sub Pontil Pilato passus et sepultus est,\" (\"He was crucified for us; He suffered under Pontius Pilate and was buried\"). [PAR] Preface [PAR] The plate at the bottom of the stack invariably shows evidence inside the footring of having been fired on a ceramic pontil, or tubular support."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wild Plants to Dye For | River of Flowers Wild Plants to Dye For | River of Flowers [PAR] Wild Plants to Dye For [PAR] POSTED ON: [PAR] \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026from Wild Carrot to Woad! [PAR] Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) \u00a9 Alvesgaspar [PAR] Natural dyes originate from the flowers, leaves, roots, wood and bark of wild plants, lichens, fungi and insects. Natural dyes are usually lustrous with subtle variations in hue, and can develop a patina, which ages beautifully. The colours have been described as \u2018feeling\u2019 as alive as the wildlife that yields them. Whether they are native or not, many of the wildflower names are steeped in history, notably Woad, Madder, Saffron and Indigo! [PAR] Woad (Isatis tinctoria) \u00a9 Pethan [PAR] Natural dyes can be found in the kitchen in edibles such as onions (amber yellow to rust), blackberries and beetroot (purple red), rhubarb (yellow) and carrot tops (soft green) as well as teas and coffees (browns), spices such as Tumeric (yellow) and food colourings such as Cochineal (reds). However, many of the beautiful wild plants to dye for, can be grown wild in your garden. Provided that you leave some for the pollinators, the flowers, leaves and roots can be gathered for dyeing cloth and wool. [PAR] Natural pigments can be fast or fleeting and those, which tend to fade away in the light, need to be \u2018fixed\u2019. This process is called \u2018mordanting\u2019 and is especially important if the plants contain no organic fixatives or mordants such as the tannins so common in tea and oak galls. The non-organic mordants are metallic salts such as alum (Aluminium potassium sulphate), used in conjunction with Cream of Tartar, common salt (Sodium chloride) and iron (Ferrous sulphate) , known since the middle-ages as copperas. Iron is often used as a modifier to calm down over-bright colours. Different colours from the same plant can often be obtained by using different mordants or no mordant at all. [PAR] RED: Natural dyes were used for thousands of years before synthetic dyes were invented, and one of the best-known red dye plants is the Indian Madder ( Rubia tinctorum ), which is still used today. There is a native variety of Madder ( Rubia peregrina ) found in Cornwall, which produces a delicate crimson. Other red pigment producing plants include Dyer\u2019s Woodruff or Sweet Woodruff and Lady\u2019s Bedstraw. [PAR] Lady\u2019s Bedstraw (Galium verum) \u00a9 AnRo0002 [PAR] YELLOW: Two of the most common wild plants used by dyers before the 1800\u2019s are Dyer\u2019s Greenweed in the Pea Family, also known as Dyer\u2019s Broom, and Weld, in the Mignonette Family, is also known as Dyer\u2019s Rocket! Sometimes these two yellow dye plants have their names muddled up so following them via their Latin names will help. [PAR] Weld (Reseda luteola) \u00a9 Kurt St\u00fcber [PAR] Dyer\u2019s Greenweed (Genista tinctoria) \u00a9 H Zell [PAR] A whole range of yellows can be obtained by using wildflowers such as Tansy, from the Daisy family so beloved by pollinators. This plant yields a range of yellows from pale yellow cream through to a sharp mustard. [PAR] Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) \u00a9 FIR0002 [PAR] The colours of the flowers usually bear no relation to the eventual dye colour, for example, the bright-pink flowers of Saw-wort yield a bright yellow dye. [PAR] Saw-wort (Serratula tinctoria) \u00a9 Hectonichus [PAR] And although Yarrow flowers ranging from white through to red, its eventual dye pigment is a soft yellow. [PAR] Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) \u00a9 H Zell [PAR] St John\u2019s Wort is probably the most versatile of the yellow pigment-producing plants, offering hues ranging from egg custard through to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Schick test - definition of Schick test in English from ... Schick test - definition of Schick test in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of Schick test in English: [PAR] Schick test [PAR] A test for previously acquired immunity to diphtheria, using an intradermal injection of diphtheria toxin. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018By 1921 Park and his colleagues had used the Schick test on more than 52,000 New York City schoolchildren.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The Schick test, in which a tiny quantity of diphtheria toxin protein is injected into the skin of the forearm, can show whether an individual is immune to diphtheria.\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] Early 20th century: named after Bela Schick (1877\u20131967), Hungarian-born American paediatrician. [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] What area does herpetology relate to? [PAR] reptiles and amphibians [PAR] What area does ornithology relate to? [PAR] birds [PAR] What area does mathematics relate to? [PAR] classification [PAR] What area does biology relate to? [PAR] living organisms [PAR] What area does cytology relate to? [PAR] organisms at low temperatures [PAR] What area does zoology relate to? [PAR] animals [PAR] What area does ichthyology relate to? [PAR] fish [PAR] What area does metallurgy relate to? [PAR] allergies [PAR] What area does zymurgy relate to? [PAR] fermentation [PAR] What area does agriscience relate to? [PAR] farming [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry[DOC] [TLE] Diphtheria | definition of diphtheria by Medical dictionary Diphtheria | definition of diphtheria by Medical dictionary [PAR] Diphtheria | definition of diphtheria by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diphtheria [PAR] [PAR] Definition [PAR] Diphtheria is a potentially fatal, contagious disease that usually involves the nose, throat, and air passages, but may also infect the skin. Its most striking feature is the formation of a grayish membrane covering the tonsils and upper part of the throat. [PAR] Description [PAR] Like many other upper respiratory diseases, diphtheria is most likely to break out during the winter months. At one time it was a major childhood killer, but it is now rare in developed countries because of widespread immunization. Since 1988, all confirmed cases in the United States have involved visitors or immigrants. In countries that do not have routine immunization against this infection, the mortality rate varies from 1.5-25%. [PAR] Persons who have not been immunized may get diphtheria at any age. The disease is spread most often by droplets from the coughing or sneezing of an infected person or carrier. The incubation period is two to seven days, with an average of three days. It is vital to seek medical help at once when diphtheria is suspected, because treatment requires emergency measures for adults as well as children. [PAR] Causes and symptoms [PAR] The symptoms of diphtheria are caused by toxins produced by the diphtheria bacillus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (from the Greek for \"rubber membrane\"). In fact, toxin production is related to infections of the bacillus itself with a particular bacteria virus called a phage (from bacteriophage; a virus that infects bacteria). The intoxication destroys healthy tissue in the upper area of the throat around the tonsils, or in open wounds in the skin. Fluid from the dying cells then coagulates to form the telltale gray or grayish green membrane. Inside the membrane, the bacteria produce an exotoxin, which is a poisonous secretion that causes the life-threatening symptoms of diphtheria. The exotoxin is carried throughout the body in the bloodstream, destroying healthy tissue in other parts of the body. [PAR] The most serious complications caused by the exotoxin are inflammations of the heart muscle ( myocarditis ) and damage to the nervous system. The risk of serious complications is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jafar (Disney) - Villains Wiki - Wikia Jafar (Disney) | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Jafar's physical appearance is similar to that of Ming the Merciless : He is tall, thin, and almost always depicted in a flowing robe of black, maroon, red, and other moody colors. [PAR] In the first Aladdin film, he was shown to be bald underneath his hat. [PAR] Jafar carried a cobra-head staff , which he used for his sorcery. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Aladdin [PAR] Jafar is introduced as the sinister Royal Vizier to Agrabah's Sultan who desires power over Agrabah. He is the second most powerful authority in Agrabah, answering only to the Sultan. He is always accompanied by his sarcastic, devious pet parrot, Iago . Whilst presenting a charming and respectable exterior to the Sultan and the people of Agrabah, he secretly holds everyone around him in contempt and manipulates the Sultan by means of hypnotizing him with a magical snake-headed staff, which he always carries on his person. [PAR] Even regarding his desire to marry Jasmine afterwards, it was solely so he could gain control of the throne and intended to kill her soon thereafter\u2014though he later reneges on this in an attempt to make her his queen consort. He's traveled widely and amassed a wide knowledge of magical artifacts and legends. Until he uses Genie's powers to become a sorcerer, however, his magical abilities are limited to the use of such artifacts as he's collected, and his prowess as an accomplished alchemist. [PAR] He also had some contacts within the Agrabah underworld, including the thief Gazeem , whom he hired to find the Scarab half. He eventually managed gain it after some delays, although he was unable to retrieve the lamp after further delays that resulted in Gazeem's death, relating to a Diamond in the Rough. Undeterred, he returns to Agrabah, and upon learning from the Sultan that Jasmine doesn't wish to marry a prince, offered to help in exchange for the Sultan's familial sapphire ring, with hypnosis being involved. After departing, however, he makes it clear to Iago that he intends to usurp the Sultan's authority. He later used the Sultan's ring to uncover the diamond in the rough at his laboratory, eventually identifying the individual necessary to access the Cave of Wonders: Aladdin. [PAR] He then had the royal guards arrest Aladdin as a subtle means of recruiting him, although he did not expect Jasmine to have accompanied him (she had escaped from the palace earlier to avoid having to find another Prince at her doorstep). Nonetheless, after being confronted by Jasmine, he lied about having executed Aladdin. With Jasmine out of the way of his plans, he then made his way to the dungeons and disguised himself as an old prisoner, offering to help Aladdin escape from the dungeons in exchange for aiding him in retrieving the lamp from the Cave of Wonders. After accepting the deal, they then made their way to the cave. After Aladdin was accepted in to retrieve the lamp, Jafar then promised the former's reward to be given upon his return. Once Aladdin returns with the lamp, Jafar after retrieving it, attempted to give Aladdin his \"reward\" (the eternal reward of death), but Abu bit him in the wrist. Unbeknownst to him until after the cave collapsed, Abu also stole the lamp from him before he bit him. Jafar then screamed in failure and frustration at the loss of the lamp. [PAR] Afterwards, Jafar ended up reprimanded by the Sultan for executing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ad of the Day: Audi Goes Back to the 1920s to ... - AdWeek Ad of the Day: Audi Goes Back to the 1920s to Pitch the 2012 A5 | Adweek [PAR] Advertising & Branding [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Sometimes a brand is just too forward thinking for its own good. At least Audi was when its engineer Paul Jaray designed a crazy-looking, aerodynamically advanced concept car in 1920\u2014a vehicle that looked straight out of The Jetsons. But what was then the automotive laughingstock of Weimar Germany might have ended up being an inspiration to modern-day car designers. [PAR] Things weren't easy for the poor little Jaray Audi when it debuted, Audi shows us in its latest (and thankfully, vampire-free) TV spot, \"The Swan,\" which BBH London and director Joachim Back based on Hans Christian Andersen's tale of \"The Ugly Duckling\" (and set to the song of the same name, sung by Danny Kaye in 1952's Samuel Goldwyn musical about the Danish author). As the misunderstood vehicle drives through a small Bavarian village, the local residents mock and scowl at it. Admittedly, it looks ridiculously out of place. The sad Audi finally retires to a nearby forest, where it's transformed into a white, streamlined 2012 Audi A5 version of itself, whose exterior hints at the lines of the original concept car but is a lot less visually jarring. [PAR] It's a charming spot that will certainly stand out\u2014swan-like for the category, indeed. Then again, the new A5 doesn't have that silly \"ugly duckling\" charm. So, maybe a 1920s reissue is in order? [PAR] CREDITS [PAR] Head of Marketing: Dominic Chambers [PAR] Agency: BBH, London [PAR] Creative Team: Matt Doman, Ian Heartfield [PAR] Creative Directors: Nick Kidney, Kevin Stark [PAR] Producer: Ruben Mercadal[DOC] [TLE] Calling All Toddlers - Character Wiki - Wikia Calling All Toddlers | Character Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] It's Itsy Bitsy Time used to air on the Fox Family channel, ABC 4 Kids and GMTV, on weekday mornings. It was aimed at young audiences, and it was commercial free. The theme song, which just repeatedly sang \"It's Itsy Bitsy Time, It's Itsy Bitsy Time,\" was sang to the tune of \"Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay.\" The show featured different short series, Signalled by the appearance of a blue and white carnival tent, The rest of the episode would be filled with very short segments. (64 Zoo Lane, Tom and Vicky, The Animal Shelf, Slurps, Charlie and Mimmo, Samuel and Nina, Timbuctoo, Rugrats, TUGS, Dream Street, Oupagogo, Sesame Street Song and Segments, The Handymen, Postman Pat, Mimi and Scruff, The Stringy Things, Koki, Budgie the Little Helicopter and The Smart Arty). [PAR] VHS [PAR] The Story of Nelson the Elephant [PAR] It's Itsy Bitsy Time with Telly Tots [PAR] air on CITV with CITV Pre-School Shows (Mopatop's Shop, Hilltop Hospital, Teddybears, The Forgotten Toys, Dog and Duck, Dream Street, Jamboree and Meeow) full of sunny stories, games, make and do, puzzles and activities. [PAR] copyrights [PAR] Mopatop's Shop \u00a9 The Jim Henson Company. inc./Carlton Television Ltd. Licensed by Carlton International Media Limited. Dog and Duck \u00a9 2000 Meridian Broadcasting Limited, Dream Street \u00a9 1999 Dream Street Productions Ltd. Meeow \u00a9 2000 Scottish Television Enterprises and SKC. a member of the Enterainment Right Group. All Rights Reserved. Jamboree \u00a9 Floella Banjamin Productions for KTE an XL Entertainment Plc Company. Hilltop Hospital \u00a9 2000 EVA Entertainment/Folimage/Siriol Productions/France 3/Canal. J. Teddybears \u00a9 Meridian Broadcasting Ltd/Link Entertainment 2000 Licensed by Link Licensing Ltd. The Forgotten Toys \u00a9 Link Entertainment/Hibbert Ralph Entertainment 2000 Licensed by Link Licensing Ltd. [PAR] Little Audrey"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] City Mayors: Michael Bloomberg - Mayor of New York City City Mayors: Michael Bloomberg - Mayor of New York City [PAR] Mayor of the Month for August 2012* [PAR] Michael Bloomberg [PAR] By Andrew Stevens [PAR] 12 September 2013*: Michael Rubens Bloomberg became New York City's 108th mayor on 1 January 2002, re-elected in 2005 and, more controversially, 2009. America\u2019s 12th richest person and proprietor of the financial data firm bearing his name, Bloomberg\u2019s brand of fiscal conservatism and social liberalism places him in the tradition of the Democrat-leaning city\u2019s iconoclast Republican mayors. The mayor is also leader of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns coalition and C40 climate change group. [PAR] Update 6 November 2013: Bill de Blasio elected mayor of New York City [PAR] Bloomberg was born into a Jewish-American family on 14 February 1942 in Medford, Massachusetts, where his father was the bookkeeper for a local dairy. After attending Johns Hopkins University to study electrical engineering, where he was a self-financed student, he obtained his MBA from Harvard Business School in 1966. He was then hired by Salomon Brothers to work on Wall Street. [PAR] He quickly advanced through the ranks and became a partner in 1972. Soon after, he was supervising all of Salomon's stock trading, sales and later, its information systems. He was dismissed in 1981 after another company acquired Salomon. Bloomberg used his $10m stake from the Salomon sale to start his own company, an enterprise that would revolutionise the way Wall Street did business. In 1982, Bloomberg L.P. sold 20 subscriptions to its service; 20 years later that figure had multiplied to over 165,000 subscribers worldwide. As the business proved its viability, the company branched out and in 1990 Bloomberg LP entered the media business, launching a news service, and then radio, television, Internet, and publishing operations. [PAR] Bloomberg\u2019s election as mayor in 2001 came in the aftermath of 9/11, with two-term Republican Mayor Rudy Giuliani prevented from standing again by term limits. Giuliani\u2019s tenure as mayor was notable for the zero tolerance policies he had pioneered alongside NYPD Commissioner Bill Bratton, having made his name as a tough city prosecutor during the 1980s. The Republicans\u2019 hold on City Hall comes after the Democrat era typified by the terms of Ed Koch and David Dinkins and a series of damaging splits in the late 1970s. New Yorkers\u2019 political allegiances are known to be fluid, with many voters prizing independence of mind rather than partisan allegiances and the ability to split ticket for elections at different levels of government. That said, machine politics still play a part in the selection of candidates in partisan primaries. Much is also made of ethnic voting blocs, with candidates assiduously courting the votes of Jewish, Irish, Italian and Hispanic communities. [PAR] In September 2004, Bloomberg was ranked number 34 in a Forbes poll of the 400 Richest Americans and as of 2011 the 12th richest, making him one of the richest people in the world (30th as of 2011). This was given as one consideration of his decision in 2001 to seek the post of New York Mayor as a Republican, rather than a Democrat, due to his belief that having no political background to draw on, the tightly organised factions in the city party would opt for a favoured son. The New York Democrats eventually chose Mark Green, a consumer activist and associate of Ralph Nader. Bloomberg himself defeated former Democratic Congressman and Deputy Mayor Herman Badillo in the Republican primary, which had to be re-staged because of the events of 9/11. [PAR] Despite his wealth,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Libra - The Scales - Astrology - The White Goddess Libra - The Scales - Astrology - The White Goddess [PAR] Libra, the seventh sign of the zodiac, is shown as a woman holding a pair of scales. Libra is a Masculine, Cardinal Air sign. [PAR] Libra - The Scales - Astrology - The White Goddess [PAR] Home \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Divination \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Astrology \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Libra - The Scales [PAR] Libra - The Scales [PAR] Libra - The Scales - 23 September - 22 October [PAR] A Masculine, Cardinal Air sign. [PAR] Libra, the seventh sign of the zodiac, is shown as a woman holding a pair of scales. The 13th century Cathedral of Chartres in France, on a column to the south of the 'astrological door' is a small carving of the symbol of Libra. One of the zodiacal sculptures by Benedetto Antelami, depicts a man holding a set of scales. [PAR] The Egyptian symbol for Libra, showed a disc above a bowl like form, said to represent the setting Sun above the Earth. More importantly, the space between the Sun and Earth represents the airy realm of Libra. It is this space that exists between the male principle and the female, that the impulse of Libra is trying to bridge. [PAR] Correspondences [PAR] American Indian: Sturgeon, Salmon Animal: Elephant [PAR] Birthstone: Emerald, Beryl, Opal [PAR] Element: 2nd of three air signs [PAR] Flower: Lily [PAR] Hawaiian: MAHOE HOPE - Gourd Scales [PAR] Indian (Sanskrit): Tula - The Scales [PAR] Metal: Brass [PAR] Quality: 3rd of four cardinal signs [PAR] Roman: Themis [PAR] Weapon: The Cross [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] Libra is the seventh sign of the zodiac; it is cardinal and air. Libra is the diplomat or negotiator of the zodiac. The symbol for Libra is the scales, always balancing two opposing options. Libra does so well at seeing both sides of a question that it sometimes has difficult deciding which option to choose. Libra is concerned with harmonious relationships between people. Representing this idea, the ruling planet is Venus. [PAR] Egyptian symbol for Libra, showing the [PAR] Sun above the Earth. The enclosed space [PAR] denotes Air, the realm of Libra. [PAR] [PAR] Hawaiian Astrology [PAR] MAHOE HOPE - Gourd Scales. In Hawaiian mythology is depicted similarly to the Scales in Greek mythology, the cardinal airy sign of the Statesman or Manager. [PAR] Celtic Tree Astrology [PAR] Cypress: 26/07 - 04/08 [PAR] ROWAN TREE (the Sensitivity) - full of charm, cheerful, gifted without egoism, likes to draw attention, loves life, motion, unrest, and even complications, is both dependent and independent, good taste, artistic, passionate, emotional, good company, does not forgive. [PAR] Beth-Luis-Nion Tree Alphabet : Gort (Ivy) September 30 to October 27 [PAR] Native American Medicine Wheel [PAR] The Crow/Raven September 22/October 23 [PAR] The Butterfly Clan[DOC] [TLE] Libra Sign Meaning - Horoscope Compatibility Libra Sign Meaning [PAR] Libra: September 23 - October 22 [PAR] Libra Sign Meaning [PAR] By Brian Palenske [PAR] Want to know the meaning of the Libra sign? Libra (the Scales) is the 7th sign of the Zodiac and the 2nd Air Sign, accordingly Libra is primarily mental in orientation. ...but its mental powers are dedicated to coming up with solutions or ideas by weighing the possible options carefully. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Libra is also the third Cardinal Sign; the Sun's entry into Libra marks its passage from north to south of the celestial equator. [PAR] On our calendars this marks the first day of autumn, one of the two days of the year on which the length of day and night are equal."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Homepage - Northampton Saints Homepage - Northampton Saints [PAR] \u00a9 2016 Northampton Saints. Privacy & Cookies . Website by [PAR] X"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - Maid in Manhattan (2002) Maid in Manhattan (2002) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A senatorial candidate falls for a hotel maid, thinking she is a socialite when he sees her trying on a wealthy woman's dress. [PAR] Director: [PAR] John Hughes (story) (as Edmond Dant\u00e8s), Kevin Wade (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 23 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: Maid in Manhattan (2002) [PAR] 5.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Mary Fiore is San Francisco's most successful supplier of romance and glamor. She knows all the tricks. She knows all the rules. But then she breaks the most important rule of all: she falls in love with the groom. [PAR] Director: Adam Shankman [PAR] The love life of Charlotte is reduced to an endless string of disastrous blind dates, until she meets the perfect man, Kevin. Unfortunately, his merciless mother will do anything to destroy their relationship. [PAR] Director: Robert Luketic [PAR] A woman conceives twins through artificial insemination, only to meet the man of her dreams on the very same day. [PAR] Director: Alan Poul [PAR] A thirty-something, is still living at home until his parents hire an interventionist to help him graduate out of the house. That's when the fun begins. [PAR] Director: Tom Dey [PAR] A guy in love with an engaged woman tries to win her over after she asks him to be her maid of honor. [PAR] Director: Paul Weiland [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.1/10 X [PAR] Single-girl anxiety causes Kat Ellis (Messing) to hire a male escort (Mulroney) to pose as her boyfriend at her sister's wedding. Her plan, an attempt to dupe her ex-fianc\u00e9, who dumped her a couple years prior, proves to be her undoing. [PAR] Director: Clare Kilner [PAR] A romantic comedy where a bored, overworked Estate Lawyer, upon first sight of a beautiful instructor, signs up for ballroom dancing lessons. [PAR] Director: Peter Chelsom [PAR] After running away fails, a terrified woman (Jennifer Lopez) empowers herself in order to battle her abusive husband (Billy Campbell). [PAR] Director: Michael Apted [PAR] A young woman who's reinvented herself as a New York socialite must return home to Alabama to obtain a divorce from her husband, after seven years of separation. [PAR] Director: Andy Tennant [PAR] An FBI agent must go undercover in the Miss United States beauty pageant to prevent a group from bombing the event. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] A lawyer decides that she's used too much like a nanny by her boss, so she walks out on him. [PAR] Director: Marc Lawrence [PAR] After serving as a bridesmaid 27 times, a young woman wrestles with the idea of standing by her sister's side as her sibling marries the man she's secretly in love with. [PAR] Director: Anne Fletcher [PAR] Edit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Memorable Quotes - Bix Beiderbecke - Jerry Jazz Musician Memorable Quotes - Bix Beiderbecke - Jerry Jazz Musician [PAR] Jerry Jazz Musician [PAR] One of the things I like about jazz, kid, is I don\u2019t know what\u2019s going to happen next. Do you? [PAR] \u2013 Bix Beiderbecke [PAR] * [PAR] A great symbol of the Jazz Age, Bix Beiderbecke was one of the era\u2019s most influential soloists, and remains one of jazz music\u2019s most enduring and colorful personalities. [PAR] This short biography of Beiderbecke (followed by a fantastic listening guide of his performance on \u201cSingin\u2019 the Blues\u201d) as published in the most complete and entertaining history on jazz music, Jazz , by Gary Giddins and Scott DeVeaux, tells a concise, interesting story of Beiderbecke\u2019s life. [PAR] __________ [PAR] Leon Beiderbecke, known throughout his life as Bix (a corruption of his middle name, Bismark), was born in Davenport, Iowa. His mother played church organ and encouraged her son to pick out melodies on the family piano. Bix took a few lessons but relied on his exceptional musical ear. The piano influenced his harmonic thinking as he started on cornet (here, he was entirely self-taught), and he never abandoned it: he auditioned for the musicians\u2019 union as a pianist and composed his most ambitious music for piano, specifically four short pieces (\u201cIn a Mist\u201d is the most accomplished) that have been much adapted and orchestrated. [PAR] Beiderbecke belonged to the first generation of musicians who learned about jazz from recordings. This kind of introduction had an immediate threefold influence. First, young people were exposed to jazz without having to live in a particular area or sneak into off-limits places (saloons) where it was performed. Second, owning records encouraged, through repeated plays, study and memorization. Third, records freed the imagination of young listeners to interpret jazz as they pleased, without the constricting influence of tradition. In the era before network radio, recordings could bring a New Orleans jazz ensemble, and the faraway world it represented, into non-Southern towns like the stolid German-American community of Davenport. [PAR] Original Dixieland Jazz Band [PAR] Bix was fourteen when the Original Dixieland Jazz Band issued its first records, and they affected [Beiderbecke] deeply \u2013 much to the vexation of his parents, whose abhorrence of jazz and Beiderbecke\u2019s association with it never abated. He taught himself cornet by mimicking and harmonizing with recorded performances. Live jazz played by Southern black musicians also came his way, thanks to the Streckfus steamers that regularly docked at Davenport, one of the northernmost ports on the Mississippi River. Without knowing it, he may have heard the teenage [Louis] Armstrong at a riverboat musicians\u2019 serenade, though there is no evidence to support that romantic image. [PAR] While Bix was haunting jazz clubs, he neglected his schoolwork and even suffered a humiliating run-in with the police. As a result, in 1921 his parents sent him to Lake Forrest Academy in Illinois, a move that Bix experienced with anguish as an exile from his family, but one that put him within train-hopping distance of Chicago. Soon he was making regular visits to Lincoln Gardens and other Chicago nightclubs, soaking up the music of King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, and other bands that passed through town. More truancies led to his expulsion from Lake Forrest, and in 1923 he joined the Wolverines \u2013 the first band of Northern whites formed in imitation of the New Orleans style. A year later, they recorded for Gennett; their thirteen numbers, often awkwardly played, would be forgotten today except for the clarity and supple"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Palindromes History + Forward and Backward Word Fun by ... Palindromes History + Forward and Backward Word Fun by Brownielocks [PAR] The year 2002 is also a palindrome number. [PAR] It will not happen again in your lifetime? [PAR] The next palindrome year is 2112. [PAR] So have a Happy New 2002! [PAR] Also... 911 is a palindrome number if done in Roman Numerals. [PAR] IXXI [PAR] Aibohphobia is the fear of palindromes. [PAR] (I don't know if this is true. But if you look at the word, but AIBOHP is phobia backwards. ) [PAR] [PAR] History of the Palindrome [PAR] If you never heard of one until now, don't feel bad. Palindromes aren't as common as anagrams (see our page on those) and there is not really a lot of historical information about them. My guess is that literacy was only among the wealthy, aristocrats or religious people in the past. And, IMHO palindromes are much more challenging intellectually than anagrams are. So they seem to be a secret among the old scholars of the past on their origins. Only samples remain, many of which have authors who use pen names. Perhaps it was an embarrassment to be able to compose foolish verse? Palindromes are done in several languages, with French being the assumed language of origin since it was for the anagram as well. [PAR] I gave you simple palindromes above as a fast example. But there are many more that impress me with their brilliance. Most of them were written in the 18th century which also tells me that without the distraction of television, radios, computers, movies etc. people had more time to THINK and create. And so they did. [PAR] There are entire poems that are done as a palindrome. I will give you several examples on palindromes as words, phrases and entire poems below. [PAR] The first publication of palidromic poetry was in 1802 by a Greek named Ambrose Hieromonachus Paperes titled \"Ethopoiia Karkinike.\" This is a 416 line poem composed of short lines. [PAR] Below are two short poems that letter by letter reads the same forwards and backwards. Don't ask me exactly what it means. ;) [PAR] Ida by the Window [PAR] Peering furtively from behind a bush, [PAR] I saw him, for the first time [PAR] Entering the lonely house with my wife. [PAR] The King of the Palindrome. [PAR] This is a true story! [PAR] In 1881 (notice the numbers are the same forward and backward?) a man was born named Sydney Yendys (his name is also palindrome!). [PAR] I am not sure in which town he was born, but he married a girl named Edna and had a daughter named Edna. He worked for 5 yrs. as a bookkeeper with OK Cartrac Ko. (Reads the same forward and backward too!) [PAR] Business grew and an assistant was hired for Sydney, named Wordrow (another palindrome!). One day Wordrow said to his boss, \"Have you ever noticed that your entire name is a palidrome?\" Sydney had never heard of the word before. After Wordrow explained it to him, with two examples: \"It's a word or sentence that reads the same forward and backwards like the word 'level' or 'Rats live on no evil star.'\" [PAR] So, Sydney wrote his name on a piece of paper, and then wrote it backwards and exclaimed, \"Sure enough, you're right!\" [PAR] From that day on, Sydney became obsessed with palindromes. He is considered the \"Father of the Palindrome\" by many wordsmiths because more than any other man of his time, and perhaps in history"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jackson Pollock - Painter - Biography.com Jackson Pollock - Painter - Biography.com [PAR] Jackson Pollock [PAR] Famous 20th century artist Jackson Pollock revolutionized the world of modern art with his unique abstract painting techniques. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cIt is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI'm very representational some of the time, and a little all of the time. But when you're painting out of your unconscious, figures are bound to emerge.\u201d [PAR] \u201cAbstract painting is abstract. It confronts you. There was a reviewer a while back who wrote that my pictures didn\u2019t have any beginning or any end. He didn\u2019t mean it as a compliment, but it was.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Jackson Pollock [PAR] Jackson Pollock - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:26) A short biography of Jackson Pollock, an art icon of Abstract Expressionism best known for his drip paintings, as well as his battle with alcoholism. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born on January 28, 1912, in Cody, Wyoming, artist Jackson Pollock studied under Thomas Hart Benton before leaving traditional techniques to explore abstraction expressionism via his splatter and action pieces, which involved pouring paint and other media directly onto canvases. Pollock was both renowned and critiqued for his conventions. He died after driving drunk and crashing into a tree in New York in 1956, at age 44. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Paul Jackson Pollock was born on January 28, 1912 in Cody, Wyoming. His father, LeRoy Pollock, was a farmer and a government land surveyor, and his mother, Stella May McClure, was a fierce woman with artistic ambitions. The youngest of five brothers, he was a needy child and was often in search of attention that he did not receive. [PAR] During his youth, Pollock's family moved around the West, to Arizona and throughout California. When Pollock was 8, his father, who was an abusive alcoholic, left the family, and Pollock's older brother, Charles, became like a father to him. Charles was an artist, and was considered to be the best in the family. He had a significant influence on his younger brother's future ambitions. While the family was living in Los Angeles, Pollock enrolled in the Manual Arts High School, where he discovered his passion for art. He was expelled twice before abandoning school for his creative pursuits. [PAR] In 1930, at age 18, Pollock moved to New York City to live with his brother, Charles. He soon began studying with Charles's art teacher, representational regionalist painter Thomas Hart Benton, at the Art Students League. Pollock spent much of his time with Benton, often babysitting Benton's young son, and the Bentons eventually became like the family Pollock felt he never had. [PAR] The Depression Era [PAR] During the Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt started a program called the Public Works of Art Project, one of many intended to jumpstart the economy. Pollock and his brother Sanford, known as Sande, both found work with PWA's mural division. The WPA program resulted in thousands of works of art by Pollock and contemporaries such as Jos\u00e9 Clemente Orozco, Willem de Kooning and Mark Rothko. [PAR] But despite being busy with work, Pollock could not stop drinking. In 1937, he began receiving psychiatric treatment for alcoholism from a Jungian analyst who fueled his interest in symbolism and Native American art. In 1939, Pollock discovered Pablo Picasso's show at the Museum of Modern Art. Picasso's artistic experimentation encouraged Pollock to push the boundaries"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Min Kao | Garmin | United States Dr. Min Kao | Garmin | United States [PAR] United States [PAR] Careers [PAR] Dr. Min Kao co-founded Garmin Corporation with Gary Burrell in October 1989 to integrate Global Positioning System (GPS) technology into navigation devices for multiple markets. Dr. Kao is credited with the breakthrough design and engineering of the GPS software technology that formed the foundation of the original Garmin product line. As executive chairman, Dr. Kao provides ongoing support to the company\u2019s strategic planning and business development processes, and continues to serve as the chairman of the board of directors. [PAR] Prior to founding Garmin, Dr. Kao served as a systems analyst at Teledyne Systems for inertial, radio navigation and fire control systems. While at Magnavox Advanced Products, he designed the Kalman filter algorithms for Phase II GPS user equipment. He later served as engineering group leader with King Radio Corporation and AlliedSignal, where he led the development of the first GPS navigator to be certified by the FAA. Dr. Kao has a bachelor's in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University. His career began at the University of Tennessee where he earned his master's and Ph.D. in electrical engineering and was involved in research for NASA and the U.S. Army. [PAR] Dr. Min Kao Executive Chairman [PAR] Customer Service"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse - Disney Wiki - Wikia Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse [PAR] Dick Billingsley (Morty in Mickey's Christmas Carol) [PAR] Cameron Bowen (Morty in Disney Golf) [PAR] Character information [PAR] Pluto (dog) [PAR] Allies [PAR] Each other, Mickey Mouse , Minnie Mouse , Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Grandma Duck , Goofy , Ludwig Von Drake , Clarabelle Cow , Horace Horsecollar , Clara Cluck , Alvin, Millie, Huey, Dewey and Louie , Gyro Gearloose , Pluto , Pflip , Eega Beeva , Chief O'Hara , Super Goof , Gilbert Goof , Max Goof , Arizona Goof , The Three Little Pigs [PAR] Enemies [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse are Mickey Mouse 's twin nephews who first appeared in Floyd Gottfredson 's Mickey Mouse Sunday comic strip continuity titled Mickey's Nephews (published in 1932 ). Since then, they have appeared in lots of comic strips, board books, and comic book stories starring Mickey Mouse and Pluto, but unlike Donald's nephews, they rarely show up in animation. [PAR] In pre-World War II Mickey children's storybooks produced by the Disney studio, the nephews were usually called Morty and Monty rather than Morty and Ferdie. Very early books contain three or more nephews with various names, including Maisie and Marmaduke. Morty's name, short for Mortimer, is possibly in reference to the original planned name for Mickey, Mortimer Mouse , and Ferdie (sometimes misspelled \"Ferdy\") is short for \"Ferdinand.\" [PAR] The twins' first film appearance was the 1934 Mickey Mouse cartoon titled Mickey's Steamroller . Aside from a cameo in 1938's Boat Builders , they didn't appear in animation again until Mickey's Christmas Carol ( 1983 ), with Morty playing the part of Tiny Tim . They also made a cameo appearance in the Mickey Mouse Works segment \" Around the World in Eighty Days \", which was later reused for the House of Mouse episode \" Mickey and Minnie's Big Vacation \". Contrary to what was written in their profile in Disney Dossiers , they do not appear in Mickey's House of Villains , though it is possible they could be among the mouse orphans seen in Gulliver Mickey , Orphans' Benefit, and Orphans' Picnic . [PAR] Ferdie disappeared from the Mickey Mouse comic strip in 1943 , because Gottfredson thought the nephews were too much alike. He had plans to bring Ferdie back later as a bespectacled, intellectual, bookworm mouse with an Eton hat and coat with the explanation that he had been away at school. However, Gottfredson never got around to bringing Ferdie back and Morty remained in the strip alone. Morty was occasionally depicted with his best friend named Alvin and a sweetheart named Millie. Both were anthropomorphic dogs. Ferdie never vanished from comic book stories, however. [PAR] In recent years, some of Morty and Ferdie's comic book appearances have portrayed them as football players on the team Riverside Rovers. Their mother is depicted as a supportive \"Soccer Mom.\" Morty & Ferdie are also occasionally pitted against their antagonists Melody , Minnie Mouse 's niece and Pete's twin hellion nephews, Pierino & Pieretto. Also, Morty is a playable character on the PlayStation 2 game Disney Golf. Both Morty and Ferdie were seen in the portal to Mickeyjunk Mountain in the 2010 game Epic Mickey . [PAR] Morty should not be confused with Mickey's ofttimes rival of the same name , or Minnie's wealthy rancher uncle Mortimer . [PAR] Gallery[DOC] [TLE] Mickey\u2019s Nephews Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse - WDW Facts Mickey\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] kookaburra | bird | Britannica.com kookaburra | bird | Britannica.com [PAR] Kookaburra [PAR] See Article History [PAR] Alternative Titles: bushman\u2019s clock, Dacelo gigas, laughing jackass, laughing kookaburra [PAR] Kookaburra, also called laughing kookaburra or laughing jackass, (species Dacelo novaeguineae), eastern Australian bird of the kingfisher family (Alcedinidae), whose call sounds like fiendish laughter. This gray-brown, woodland-dwelling bird reaches a length of 43 cm (17 inches), with an 8- to 10-cm (3.2- to 4-inch) beak. In its native habitat it eats invertebrates and small vertebrates, including venomous snakes. In western Australia and New Zealand , where it has been introduced, the kookaburra has been known to attack chickens and ducklings. Defending their territory year-round, a monogamous pair of these birds lays two clutches of two to four white eggs in its nest in a tree hole. The young often remain with the parents and help raise the next year\u2019s brood. [PAR] Kookaburra (Dacelo gigas) [PAR] Bucky Reeves\u2014The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers [PAR] Listen: kookaburra [PAR] Audio clip of a laughing kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae). [PAR] Also sometimes called the \u201cbushman\u2019s clock,\u201d the kookaburra is heard very early in the morning and just after sunset. The related blue-winged kookaburra (D. leachii), which does not \u201claugh,\u201d is found across northern Australia. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in kingfisher [PAR] Stretching 43 cm (17 inches) long and weighing 465 grams (16 ounces), the largest of all kingfishers is the kookaburra, known throughout Australia for its laughing call. The kookaburra\u2019s white head has a brown eye stripe, the back and wings are dark brown, and the underparts are white. Often found in urban and suburban areas, it can become quite tame and may be fed by hand. A member of the... [PAR] 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] kookaburra - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] The loud call of the kookaburra, a woodland bird of Australia, sounds like maniacal laughter. The bird and its distinctive call have become a symbol of the Australian bush. Native to eastern Australia, it has also been introduced into western Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. It is also known as the laughing kookaburra. Its species name is Dacelo gigas. [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ARGUS PANOPTES (Argos) - Greek mythology ARGUS PANOPTES (Argos) - Hundred-Eyed Giant of Greek Mythology [PAR] Hermes slaying Argus Panoptes, Athenian red-figure vase C5th B.C., Kunsthistorisches Museum [PAR] ARGOS PANOPTES was a hundred-eyed giant of Argolis in the Peloponnese. [PAR] Once when Zeus was consorting with the Argive Nymphe Io , his jealous wife Hera appeared on the scene. The god quickly transformed her into a white heifer but the goddess was not deceived and demanded the animal as a gift. She then appointed Argos Panoptes as its guard. [PAR] Zeus sent Hermes to surreptitiously rescue his lover. The god lulled the giant to sleep with his music and slew him with his sword. From this conquest he earned the title Argeiphontes \"Slayer of Argos\". [PAR] Hera rewarded Argos for his service by placing his hundred eyes on the tail of her sacred bird, the peacock. [PAR] FAMILY OF ARGUS [PAR] [1.1] GAIA (Acusilaus Frag, Aeschylus Suppliants 305 & Prometheus Bound 566, Apollodorus 2.4, Nonnus Dionysiaca 20.35) [PAR] [2.1] ARGOS & ISMENE (Apollodorus 2.4) [PAR] [3.1] EKBASOS (Apollodorus 2.4) [PAR] [4.2] ARESTOR & MYKENE (Pausanias 2.16.4) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] ARGUS (Argos), surnamed Panoptes. His parentage is stated differently, and his father is called Agenor, Arestor, Inachus, or Argus, whereas some accounts described him as an Autochthon. (Apollod. ii. 1, 2, &c.; Ov. Met. i. 264.) He derived his surname, Panoptes, the all-seeing, from his possessing a hundred eyes, some of which were always awake. He was of superhuman strength, and after he had slain a fierce bull which ravaged Arcadia, a Satyr who robbed and violated persons, the serpent Echidna, which rendered the roads unsafe, and the murderers of Apis, who was according to some accounts his father, Hera appointed him guardian of the cow into which Io had been metamorphosed. (Comp. Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1151, 1213.) Zeus commissioned Hermes to carry off the cow, and Hermes accomplished the task, according to some accounts, by stoning Argus to death, or according to others, by sending him to sleep by the sweetness of his play on the flute and then cutting off his head. Hera transplanted his eyes to the tail of the peacock, her favourite bird. (Aeschyl. Prom. ; Apollod. Ov. ll. cc.) [PAR] Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. [PAR] CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES [PAR] Hesiod or Cercops of Miletus, Aegimius Frag 6 (from Scholiast on Homer's Iliad 2. 24) (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) : [PAR] \"[Title of Hermes] Argeiphontes (Slayer of Argos). According to Hesiod's tale he [Hermes] slew [Argos] the herdsman of Io.\" [PAR] Hesiod or Cercops of Miletus, Aegimius Frag 5 : [PAR] \"And [Hera] set a watcher upon her [Io], great and strong Argos, who with four eyes looks every way. And the goddess stirred in him unwearying strength: sleep never fell upon his eyes; but he kept sure watch always.\" [PAR] Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 566 ff (trans. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) : [PAR] \"Io : Oh, oh! Aah! Aah! A gad-fly (oistros), phantom (eid\u00f4lon) of earth-born (g\u00eagen\u00eas) Argos is stinging me again! Keep him away, O Earth! I am fearful when I behold that myriad-eyed herdsman. He travels onward with his crafty gaze upon me; not even in death does the earth conceal him, but passing from the shades he hounds me, the forlorn one, and drives me famished along the sands of the seashore. The waxen pipe drones forth in accompaniment a clear-sounding slumberous strain. Alas, alas! Where is my far-roaming wandering course taking me? . . . I cannot discern how"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Samara, city, Russia - Infoplease Samara, city, Russia [PAR] Encyclopedia > Places > Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic Nations > CIS and Baltic Political Geography [PAR] Samara [PAR] Samara (s\u0259m\u00e4\u02c8r\u0259) [ key ], formerly Kuybyshev, city (1989 pop. 1,254,000), capital of its region, E central European Russia, on the left bank of the Volga and at the mouth of the Samara River. It is a major river port and rail center (Moscow-Siberian line) and has important industries producing automobiles, aircraft, locomotives, machinery, ball bearings, synthetic rubber, chemicals, textiles, and petroleum products. Grain and livestock are the chief exports. The gigantic Kuybyshev reservoir and hydroelectric plant is a few miles upstream from the city. Industrial and residential satellite cities surround the main metropolis. Founded in 1586 as a Muscovite stronghold for the defense of the Volga trade route and of Russia's eastern frontier, Samara was attacked by the Nogai Tatars (1615) and the Kalmyks (1644) and opened its gates to the Cossack rebels under Stenka Razin in 1670. It grew to be the chief grain center on the Volga and was the seat of immensely rich grain merchants. Its industrial expansion dates from the early 20th cent., when railroads to Siberia and central Asia were built. Samara was (1918) the seat of the anti-Bolshevik provisional government and constituent assembly of Russia. During World War II the central government of the USSR was transferred to Kuybyshev (1941\u201343) from Moscow. As a result, the population increased tremendously, and the city limits were greatly expanded. The city was named Kuybyshev from 1935 to 1991. [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pruritus (Itching) Causes and Treatments - WebMD Pruritus (Itching) Causes and Treatments [PAR] The elderly [PAR] How Is Pruritus Treated? [PAR] Finding the cause of the itching and treating any underlying skin disease is the first step in solving pruritus. [PAR] If a drug reaction is suspected, switching to a different medication may be helpful to reduce the itching. However, most drug reactions have a rash along with itching. [PAR] The best way to prevent pruritus is to take care of your skin. To protect skin: [PAR] Use skin creams and lotions that moisturize your skin and prevent dryness. [PAR] Use sunscreens regularly to prevent sunburns and skin damage. [PAR] Use mild bath soap that won't irritate your skin. [PAR] Take a bath or shower in warm -- not hot -- water. [PAR] Avoid certain fabrics, such as wool and synthetics, that can make skin itch. Switch to cotton clothing and bed sheets. [PAR] Since warm, dry air can make skin dry, keep the thermostat in your house down and use a humidifier. [PAR] To relieve itching, place a cool washcloth or some ice over the area that itches, rather than scratching. [PAR] Your doctor may also prescribe medication to treat pruritus, including antihistamines and topical steroids. Rarely, steroid pills and antibiotics may also be needed. [PAR] WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Debra Jaliman, MD on June 11, 2015 [PAR] Sources[DOC] [TLE] Itchy skin Causes - Mayo Clinic Symptoms and causes - Itchy skin (pruritus) - Mayo Clinic [PAR] Itchy skin (pruritus) [PAR] Print [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] You may have itchy skin over certain small areas, such as on an arm or leg, or over your whole body. Itchy skin can occur without any other noticeable changes on the skin. Or it may be associated with: [PAR] Redness [PAR] Dry, cracked skin [PAR] Leathery or scaly texture to the skin [PAR] Sometimes itchiness lasts a long time and can be intense. As you rub or scratch the area, it gets itchier. And the more it itches, the more you scratch. Breaking this itch-scratch cycle can be difficult, but continued scratching can damage your skin or cause infection. [PAR] When to see a doctor [PAR] See your doctor or a skin disease specialist (dermatologist) if the itching: [PAR] Lasts more than two weeks and doesn't improve with self-care measures [PAR] Is severe and distracts you from your daily routines or prevents you from sleeping [PAR] Comes on suddenly and can't be easily explained [PAR] Affects your whole body [PAR] Is accompanied by other signs and symptoms, such as extreme tiredness, weight loss, changes in bowel habits or urinary frequency, fever, or redness of the skin [PAR] Causes [PAR] Possible causes of itchy skin include: [PAR] Dry skin. If you don't see a crop of bright, red bumps or some other dramatic change in the itchy area, dry skin (xerosis) is a likely cause. Dry skin usually results from older age or environmental factors such as long-term use of air conditioning or central heating, and washing or bathing too much. [PAR] Skin conditions and rashes. Many skin conditions itch, including eczema (dermatitis), psoriasis, scabies, lice, chickenpox and hives. The itching usually affects specific areas and is accompanied by other signs, such as red, irritated skin or bumps and blisters. [PAR] Internal diseases. Itchy skin can be a symptom of an underlying illness. These include liver disease, kidney failure, iron deficiency anemia, thyroid problems and cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. The itching usually affects the whole body. The skin may look otherwise normal except for the repeatedly scratched areas. [PAR] Nerve"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spanish Days of the Week Grammar [PAR] Grammar [PAR] Google Ads block to desktop version (300\u00d7600) [PAR] Days of the Week [PAR] The written lesson is below. [PAR] Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. [PAR] In Spanish-speaking countries, the week begins on Monday. [PAR] lunes [PAR] Notice that the days of the week are not capitalized. [PAR] lunes [PAR] The days of the week are all masculine. [PAR] el lunes [PAR] el s\u00e1bado [PAR] el domingo [PAR] When used with the days of the week, the definite article has the special meaning \u201con.\u201d [PAR] No trabajo el lunes. [PAR] I don\u2019t work on Monday. [PAR] No trabajo los martes. [PAR] I don\u2019t work on Tuesdays. [PAR] Hay una fiesta el mi\u00e9rcoles. [PAR] There is a party on Wednesday. [PAR] Hay muchas fiestas los viernes. [PAR] There are many parties on Fridays. [PAR] Days of the week ending in -s do not change form in the plural. Only the article changes. [PAR] el lunes [PAR] el domingo [PAR] los domingos [PAR] Use the verb ser to express the day. You will soon learn more about this verb. For now, simply realize that the word \u201ces\u201d is a conjugation of that verb, and is the correct verb in this use. [PAR] \u00bfQu\u00e9 d\u00eda es hoy? [PAR] Ma\u00f1ana es martes. [PAR] Tomorrow is Tuesday. [PAR] Notice that the following actions do not occur in the present, but rather in the near future. [PAR] Salimos el lunes. [PAR] Ma\u00f1ana es domingo. [PAR] Tomorrow is Sunday. [PAR] In Spanish, the present tense of the indicative is sometimes used to express the near future. English does this too. [PAR] Salimos el lunes.[DOC] [TLE] Days of the Week in Spanish - About.com Education Days of the Week in Spanish [PAR] By Gerald Erichsen [PAR] Updated March 19, 2016. [PAR] The names of the days of the week in Spanish and English don't seem very much alike. But in fact they have similar origins. Surprisingly, however, the day with the names in the two languages sounding the most alike \u2014 Saturday in English and s\u00e1bado in Spanish \u2014 has names that aren't connected. [PAR] The etymology of most of the days of the week is linked to Roman mythology . The Romans saw a connection between their gods and the changing face of the nighttime sky, so it became natural to use their gods' names for the planets \u2014 the ones they were able to track in the sky were Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Those five planets plus the moon and sun made seven major astronomical bodies, so when the seven-day week was imported from Mesopotamia early in the fourth century it was a natural to use those astronomical names for the days of the week. [PAR] Eventually, the first day of the week was named after the sun, followed by the moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Days of the Week | Spanish [PAR] The names of the week were adopted with little change throughout most of the Roman Empire and even beyond. In only a few cases were changes made. [PAR] In Spanish, the five weekdays all retained their planetary names. Those are the five days whose names end in -es, a shortening of the Latin word for \"day,\" dies. Thus lunes comes from the word for moon (luna), and the planetary connection is also apparent with martes (Mars, Tuesday), mi\u00e9rcoles (Mercury, Wednesday) and viernes (Venus, Friday). [PAR] The connection with Jupiter is not quite so apparent with jueves, the word"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] mandala - a geometric figure representing the universe in ... mandala - a geometric figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism. A symbol in a dream, representing the dreamer's search for completeness and self-unity. [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] Antonella Fanelli LaBelle Mariposa \u25b6\u25b6\u25b6 Mandala \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 ~ Buddhist and Hindu spiritual symbol, representing the Universe. [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] angelique A rare combination of ancient Hindu and Buddhist symbols: the solar disc, related to the deity Vishnu, the trident of Shiva, representing the unity of past, present and future, and the eightfold lotus, alluding to Enlightenment and the Path. [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] angelique Mandala (circle) is a symbol representing the Universe. The basic mandalas is a square with 4 gates containing a circle with a center. Mandala \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u66fc\u837c\u7f85 [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] lois Mandala piece, a Buddhist symbol for creation and harmony. Done by Leo at Two Thumbs Tattoo in Pearl City, Hawaii. [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] lois Mandala piece, a Buddhist symbol for creation and harmony. Done by Leo at Two Thumbs Tattoo in Pearl City, Hawaii. [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] lois Mandala piece, a Buddhist symbol for creation and harmony. Done by Leo at Two Thumbs Tattoo in Pearl City, Hawaii. [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] joan Mandala ~ a spiritual and ritual symbol in hinduism and buddhism., representing the universe. They may be employed for focusing attention of aspirants and adepts as a spiritual teaching tool, for establishing a sacred space, and as an aid to meditation and trance induction. <- yeah i just looked that shit up.. kinda find the meaning behind these super fascinating!!! yoga what the heck are you doing to me.. :D [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] Tonya L Muldoon Not a buddhist but the symbolism is nice!! A lotus to represent a new beginning, or a hard time in life that has been overcome and the symbol \"Hum\" from the Buddhist mantra to stand for love, kindness and protection...this symbol is also said to purify hatred and anger. [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] angelique Mandala - representing dreamers search for completeness. [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] kimberly The Vesica Piscis is a symbol of 2 intersecting circles. In sacred geometry the Vesica Piscis represents the Universal Womb, that which births all of Creation. It has many other meanings throughout the ages and cultures: the Tree of Life, the third eye, the fish (Jesus), the unity of male and female, and the yoni of the goddess surrounded by the crescents of the waxing and waning moon. This mandala also has vertical infinity symbols representing eternity, empowerment, and everlasting love. [PAR] Want this [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] lois A Mandala piece, a Buddhist symbol for creation and harmony. Done by Leo at Two Thumbs Tattoo in Pearl City, Hawaii. [PAR] Favorites [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] gilda My Mandala piece, a Buddhist symbol for creation and harmony. Done by Leo at Two Thumbs Tattoo in Pearl City, Hawaii. [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] roxie mandala tattoo, representing the universe and often exhibit radial balance. Love, love love these. [PAR] make ... [PAR] CollectCollect this now for later [PAR] sharonsparkles A lotus to represent a new beginning, or going through a struggle and emerging from that struggle and becoming a symbol"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Heraldry Symbols & What They Mean - Hall of Names Surname History | Surname Meanings | Family Crest | Heraldry | Coat of Arms [PAR] Acorn , Allocamelus , Amphiptere , Amphisboena , Anchor , Annulet , Ant , Antelope , Antique Crown , Anvil , Ape , Apples , Apre , Arrow [PAR] Acorn [PAR] The sign of the acorn in heraldry has traditionally been used to indicate independence in its bearer. It can be found slipped and leaved; the acorn-sprig is not uncommon as a crest and acorn-cups are represented alone. [PAR] The acorn is usually vert (green) but it can also be other colours. [PAR] [Back to Top] [PAR] Allocamelus [PAR] An allocamelus is a creature with the head of a donkey joined to the body of a camel. It is extremely uncommon in heraldry. [PAR] [Back to Top] [PAR] Amphiptere [PAR] An amphiptere is a winged serpent found very rarely in heraldry, though it does exist as a supporter and as a charge on a shield occasionally. [PAR] [Back to Top] [PAR] Amphisboena [PAR] An amphisboena is a winged serpent with two legs and a head at both ends of its body; however the drawing of this creature does not strictly follow this description. [PAR] It is very uncommon in heraldry. [PAR] [Back to Top] [PAR] Anchor [PAR] The anchor is the emblem of salvation and hope. It is also an appropriate device for the coat of arms of a family with a seafaring tradition. It is a common figure in the English armour, which is not surprising given that Britain is an island. [PAR] It was even a device that was once born by King Richard I. [PAR] Maritime devices are found less often on the continent where many countries are essentially landlocked, but Cosmo de Medici, the Duke of Etruria is an example of a Spanish noble who bore two anchors on his shield. [PAR] [Back to Top] [PAR] Annulet [PAR] The annulet is a plain ring. As a closed circle, it is symbolic of continuity and wholeness. The Romans are said to have worn a ring as a sign of knighthood and rings are still used at some coronations and in the institution of knighthood. [PAR] The annulet may have been borne to indicate that the bearer had the superior qualities of a knight. In some circles an annulet represented riches. [PAR] On English arms, an annulet was a mark of cadency signifying the fifth son. [PAR] [Back to Top] [PAR] Ant [PAR] The symbol of the ant traditionally signified one who was a strong labourer, wise and provident in all his affairs. [PAR] The ant is not a very common symbol in heraldry, but when depicted the ant is usually accompanied by a drawing of an anthill. [PAR] The ant may also be referred to as an emmet. [PAR] [Back to Top] [PAR] Antelope [PAR] The antelope which is also referred to as an ibex or a springbok has three main symbolic meanings in heraldry. [PAR] It represents someone who is skilful at music and a lover of harmony, someone with a keen mind for politics and the ability to foresee times and opportunities well, and lastly, a person who is unwilling to assail his enemies rashly, who would prefer to stand his ground than risk harming another wrongfully. Thus the antelope signifies harmony, polity and peace. [PAR] The antelope has also been used occasionally as an emblem of purity and fleetness. [PAR] Early representations of the antelope did not look much like the real animal, as they were likely"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Tennis | Nadal wins epic Wimbledon final BBC SPORT | Tennis | Nadal wins epic Wimbledon final [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Nadal won his fifth Grand Slam title and first away from Roland Garros [PAR] Rafael Nadal held off an incredible fightback from Roger Federer to win his first Wimbledon title and end the Swiss star's reign at the All England Club. [PAR] The Spaniard missed two championship points in the fourth set but recovered to win a dramatic rain-interrupted match 6-4 6-4 6-7 (5-7) 6-7 (8-10) 9-7. [PAR] The final shot was struck in near darkness on Centre Court at 2115 BST. [PAR] Nadal, 22, is the first man since Bjorn Borg in 1980 to win the French Open and Wimbledon titles back-to-back. [PAR] Asked about the moment of victory, Nadal told BBC Sport: \"It's impossible to explain what I felt in that moment but I'm very, very happy. [PAR] \"It is a dream to play on this court, my favourite tournament, but to win I never imagined.\" [PAR] Federer, who made just one of 13 break points, said: \"I tried everything, got a little late, but look, Rafa is a deserving champion, he just played fantastic. [PAR] Interview: Rafael Nadal [PAR] \"The rain didn't make it easier but you have to expect the worst and he's the worst opponent on the best court. It's a pity I couldn't win it but I'll be back next year.\" [PAR] Federer, 26, had been trying to become only the second man to win six consecutive Wimbledon titles, and so surpass Borg to match Willie Renshaw, who played in the 1880s. [PAR] The defeat brought to an end his unbeaten run of 65 matches on grass, and arguably his reign as the undisputed king of tennis. [PAR] On sealing victory, a tearful Nadal climbed through the stands to celebrate with his family and supporters before heading to the royal box to speak to members of the Spanish royal family. [PAR] Federer, meanwhile, suffered the unpleasant experience of watching, dejected, from his chair as he came to terms with finishing runner-up for the first time. [PAR] It may be little consolation but he played his part in one of the great finals. [PAR] The pre-match billing had it down as tennis's version of a world heavyweight title fight and it lived up to the hype, Nadal finally winning the longest Wimbledon men's singles final after four hours, 48 minutes. [PAR] 606: DEBATE [PAR] Was that the best Wimbledon final of all time? [PAR] He now adds the Wimbledon crown to the four French Open titles he has won, while Federer will look to defend his one remaining Grand Slam title at the US Open next month. [PAR] Nadal went into the match as the favourite in some people's eyes, having thrashed Federer in last month's Roland Garros final and with an 11-6 head-to-head record against the Swiss. [PAR] After a 35-minute delay to the start because of rain, the Majorcan made the better start with a break in game three, saving three break points on his way to the first set. [PAR] The momentum shifted at the start of the second as Federer raced to a 4-1 lead, whipping a vicious cross-court forehand for a winner to finally convert a break point in game two, but Nadal came roaring back with five straight games for a two-set lead. [PAR] With dark clouds gathering overhead, Federer looked ready to be put out of his misery at 3-3, 0-40, in the third but the champion roused himself superbly, reeling off five"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Conversations: Pierce Brosnan - The Huffington Post Great Conversations: Pierce Brosnan | The Huffington Post [PAR] Great Conversations: Pierce Brosnan [PAR] Alex Simon Co-editor, The Hollywood Interview.com [PAR] I interviewed Pierce Brosnan in conjunction with his third outing as James Bond, in Michael Apted's The World Is Not Enough, in 1999. Brosnan was alternately charming, erudite, thoughtful and intense during our two hour chat. His native intelligence shone through it all, as did a sense of decency which many people seem to acquire after enduring and surviving hardship in their formative years. [PAR] BONDING WITH BROSNAN [PAR] There are several dangers in becoming a cultural icon, not the least of which is the stigma that your public will forever keep you imprisoned in the mold of your iconography, allowing the recipient a privileged, if imprisoned, existence, particularly if that person is an artist. Sean Connery faced just such a dilemma during the height of James Bond-mania in the mid-60s. A serious actor, Connery desperately wanted to break out of the action hero mold that was British Superspy James Bond, agent 007, and tackle more \"serious\" roles, finding it an uphill and bloody battle the whole way. Since Connery's day, the torch of James Bond has been passed to four different men, the latest being Irishman Pierce Brosnan. Brosnan, also a serious actor with roots in the British theater, has also begun his own attempt at breaking the Bond mold, forming his own production company, Irish Dream Time, with partner Beau St. Clair, and producing small, personal projects such as The Nephew (1998) as well as commercial blockbusters such as last summer's The Thomas Crown Affair. Brosnan carries himself onscreen with the debonair flair of an Oxbridge gentleman, but in fact, like his predecessor Sean Connery, his roots are the antithesis of the iconography which has been imposed upon him. [PAR] Pierce Brendan Brosnan was born May 16, 1953 in Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland. Shortly after his birth, his father walked out on he and his mother. Soon thereafter, his mother went to London to work as a nurse, leaving her only child in the care of various relatives. Being the only lad in the tiny community without either parent at home, Brosnan found himself in the position of an outsider, and did his best to fit in by being an altar boy in his local parish. At the age of 11, Brosnan was sent to London to live with his mother in the city's tough south side, where they struggled financially. Again an outsider, he was labeled \"Paddy,\" and \"the Mick\" by his classmates, and turned to humor to defend himself from harm's way, not always with success. Brosnan cites a life-changing moment at this period, when his mother and stepfather took him to see the James Bond classic Goldfinger (1964) in a swank London cinema. At 16, he left school, aspiring to be a commercial artist, but was soon diverted after tagging along to an audition with a friend, and was bitten by the acting bug. Needless to say, the bite never healed. [PAR] Brosnan spent the next ten years doing both experimental and legitimate theater, working with the likes of Tennessee Williams and Joan Plowright on the London stage. It was here Brosnan met his late wife, the actress Cassandra Harris (Bond fans will remember her as \"Countess Lisl\" in For Your Eyes Only (1981)), who succumbed to ovarian cancer in 1991. Brosnan credits Harris with pushing and encouraging him in his craft, saying \"Without her, I would most likely still be back in London"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the shortest chapter in the Bible? | Reference.com What is the shortest chapter in the Bible? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the shortest chapter in the Bible? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The shortest chapter in the Bible is Psalms chapter 117. This two-verse chapter consists of an order to joyfully praise Jehovah for his kindness, mercy and love. In the King James version of the Bible, it is only 33 words long. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In the newer English Standard version of the Bible, this chapter is only 28 words long. In the original Hebrew, it shrinks further to 17 words. Romans 15:11 in the New Testament is a close paraphrase of Psalms 117:1, extending the order to praise God to Christians as well as Hebrews. [PAR] Only two chapters after this shortest chapter, Psalms 119 is the longest chapter in the Bible."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Branches of medicine - Medical schools | Medical careers Branches of medicine | Medicine branches | Medicine | Medical Schools [PAR] Branches of Medicine [PAR] Medical schools \u00bb Medicine \u00bb Branches of medicine [PAR] Branches of medicine [PAR] Medicine as a career has a variety of specializations; but focusing in the branches with more demand that help you as a future doctor to define your specialty, the list is as follow. Consider that depend of your country, some of the branches of medicine could get a difference in the names. In this sense we make a reference to the main branches offered in the majority of countries. [PAR] Basic sciences [PAR] In general the basic sciences are related to the study and to the training; receive by every student as a part of their medicine career. [PAR] Anatomy is the branch of medicine and biology which is concerned with the shape and structure of body and the relationship of its organs. Also related to morphology of animals and plants. [PAR] Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry studying the chemical behavior in living systems. It also applied to dentistry, veterinary medicine and pharmacology in which a biochemist could investigate a drug action. [PAR] Biostatistics, also referred as a biometry, it is the use of statistical tests to analyze biological data and the interpretation of its results. [PAR] Cytology or cell biology is the branch of science life that deals with the structure, composition, function of cells, and also the interaction between them in an environment in which they exists. [PAR] Embryology is the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms, from the ovum\u00b4s fertilization to the fetus stage. [PAR] Endocrinology is the branch of medicine and biology related to the specific secretions called hormones and their effect of the endocrine organs which include thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, ovaries, pancreas and testes. [PAR] Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations within public health, causes by a virus, bacteria or some other factor. [PAR] Genetics is part of the biology and concern the study of genes, heredity and their effects on inheritance of specific traits and on other biological processes. [PAR] Histology is the branch of medicine and biology that study the microscopic structure of cells and tissues under a light microscope. [PAR] Immunology considered as the main branch of medical science that deals with all mechanics physiological of the biological integral defense of all organisms, called the immune system. [PAR] Microbiology is the science that studies microscopic organisms, specifically for them which are under the power of human eye. [PAR] Molecular biology is the branch of biology and chemistry and deals with the study molecular of the process developed in the organisms. [PAR] Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Actually is part of chemistry, engineering, mathematics, philosophy and psychology fields. [PAR] Nutrition is the study of dietary requirements for people. Know the composition of food will help to prevent health problems. [PAR] Pathology is the study of disease, its causes, mechanisms and effects on the organisms. [PAR] Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties and effects upon living organisms. Is related to biological effects causes by drugs on organisms. [PAR] Physiology is the branch of medicine and closely related to the anatomy, physiology deals with the activities and processes of living organisms, as well as mechanical and physical functions. [PAR] Toxicology is closely related to medicine, chemistry and biology, basically is the study of the nature, effects and detection of poisons"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Fairy Tale of New York - J. P. Donleavy - Google Books A Fairy Tale of New York - J. P. Donleavy - Google Books [PAR] A Fairy Tale of New York [PAR] 0 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Fairy_Tale_of_New_York.html?id=vrCya23Nk8AC [PAR] A Fairy Tale of New York is a funny, lusty, and sad novel of comic genius. Returning from study abroad, Cornelius Christian enters customs with his luggage and his dead wife. His first encounter in New York is with a funeral director, with whom he reluctantly takes employment to pay for the burial expenses. In the course of his duties he meets the beautiful Fanny Sourpuss over her millionaire husband's dead body. However, his over-enthusiastic handling of his first corpse lands him in court. Cornelius Christian wanders through the great sad cathedral that is New York, examining the human condition in all its comic pathos and lonely absurdity. Whether lingering in the Automat drinking from half empty coffee cups and stealing baked beans from the plates of customers who go looking for ketchup, or finding love on a street corner only to end up fighting his way out of a hooker's fists, Cornelius Christian, heroic anti-hero, sings of life's goodness in the wake of disaster. [PAR] [PAR] What people are saying - Write a review [PAR] We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Snippet view - 1973 [PAR] Common terms and phrases [PAR] Snippet view - 1979 [PAR] About the author (1994) [PAR] James Patrick Donleavy, 1926 - James (aka, Mike) Donleavy was born in New York on April 23, 1926 to Irish immigrants. He served in the Navy during WWII and afterwards, attended Trinity College in Dublin. He began as a painter to gain entry into the London gallery scene but he was told that he would have to be famous to have his work shown, which he decided to do, but as a writer. Donleavy's first novel was \"The Ginger Man,\" which took years to complete and even more to get published because of the explicit sex for that time. It was finally published by Maurice Girodias, who also published a series of pornographic fiction called the Traveler's Companion Series. Donleavy tried to save his credibility as an author by trying to arrange for the book to be published in the UK and agreeing to alter the work to avert censorship. Donleavy is also an accomplished playwright as well as the scriptwriter, narrator and lead of the film/video J.P. Donleavy's Ireland. Donleavy's received several awards which include Most Promising Playwright Award, 1960, for Fairy Tales of New York; Brandeis Creative Arts Award, 1961&62, for the plays The Ginger Man and Fairy Tales of New York; Citation from National Institute & American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1975; Worldfest Houston Gold Award, 1992, for the film J.P. Donleavy's Ireland and the Cine Golden Eagle Award, 1993, for writer and narrator of the film J.P. Donleavy's Ireland. He was listed in the Modern Library's Best 100 Novels of the Century for \"The Ginger Man,\" which also was ranked #7 in Best-selling Books of All Time in Ireland.[DOC] [TLE] A fairy tale of New York (Book, 1973) [WorldCat.org] A fairy tale of New York (Book, 1973) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] The E-mail message field is required. Please enter the message. [PAR] E-mail Message: [PAR] I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3241606 Title: A fairy tale of New York Author: J P Donleavy Publisher: London, Eyre Methuen, 1973. ISBN/ISSN: 0413450309 9780413450302 OCLC:3241606 [PAR] The ReCaptcha terms you entered were incorrect. Please try to match the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flora, Fauna and Merryweather - Disney Fanon Wiki - Wikia Flora, Fauna and Merryweather | Disney Fanon Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Flora, Fauna and Merryweather [PAR] Fauna: Quiet, soft spoken, peaceful [PAR] Merryweather: Feisty, impulsive, outspoken [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Flora: Obese, fair skin, gray hair in a bun, brown eyes, both red pointy hat and gown, clear red wings on her back [PAR] Fauna: Slender, fair skin, brownish-gray hair in a bun, brown eyes, both green pointy hat and gown, clear green wings on her back, black spectacles (in Sofia the First) [PAR] Merryweather: Obese, fair skin, black hair, blue eyes, both blue pointy hat and gown, clear blue wings on her back [PAR] Birthday [PAR] Headmistresses of Royal Prep (Sofia the First) [PAR] Affiliations [PAR] Goal [PAR] To make sure Aurora doesn't prick her finger on a spinning wheel before the sun sets on her 16th birthday (failed) [PAR] Home [PAR] Magic, happiness, helping others, joy [PAR] Dislikes [PAR] Maleficent's evil plots, sadness, Aurora upset, Aurora in danger [PAR] Powers and abilities [PAR] Wand [PAR] Fate [PAR] Flora and Merryweather argue over the color of Aurora's gown while Fauna cries tears of joy [PAR] Quote [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Flora, Fauna and Merryweather (known collectively as the Three Good Fairies) are major characters in Disney's 1959 animated film Sleeping Beauty . In the film, Flora is voiced by Verna Felton , Fauna is voiced by Barbara Jo Allen , and Merryweather is voiced by Barbara Luddy . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] The three good fairies are clothed in medieval-styled dresses with a particular color predominating. In addition to the dresses, the outfits are complimented with matching capes and pointy hats secured to their heads with colored veils. [PAR] Flora's dress is predominantly red with her petticoat, cape clasp cuffs and hat veil a dark yellow. She appears to be the leader of the group, and based on her dialogue in the film, she seems to deal heavily with flowers and nature; her favorite color is pink. Fauna's outfit is a dark green with accents in a lighter shade of green and she appears to be second-in-command. Despite her tendency towards absentmindedness and obliviousness, she is the quieter and the more introspective than the other two fairies, and often functions as a peacemaker between Flora and Merryweather. Merryweather is dresses in shades of blue, her favorite color, and is distinguished from the others by her diminutive stature. She is feisty, yet pessimistic, resourceful and often challenges Flora's leadership. [PAR] As a group they all have powerful magical abilities, channeled by their wands. They can do many things such as shrinking in size, fly, bring inanimate objects to life, and putting people to sleep. Their wings allow them to fly and they maneuver adroitly through the air. Despite their claims that they could only do good things with their magic, they were not above using their powers in morally ambiguous ways: Flora gifted a sword and shield to Prince Phillip (which could be interpreted as promoting violence) while Merryweather turned Diablo into stone. They were also not above using magic for their own convenience and personal desires, as demonstrated through their preparations of gifts for Aurora's 16th birthday party, and in the pink/blue color war between Flora and Merryweather. [PAR] Though their magic was stated to be inferior to Maleficent's in raw power, when they work together they were capable of granting people extremely powerful weapons to be used in the cause of righteousness. Such weapons could triumph over the darkest of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil Sports - A Study Of The Country Brazil Brazil Sports [PAR] EDUCATION [PAR] Brazil Sports [PAR] Due to its temperate conditions all year round, Brazil has established a significant sporting culture. Not only are sports widely played and popular amongst vast majorities of the population, but they are also varied in nature. [PAR] Football [PAR] The most popular and widely spread sport in Brazil is, undoubtedly, football (or soccer). This is especially appropriate as Brazil will be hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup\u2122. This means millions of football fans from all over the world flooding into this South American country in the hopes of seeing their favourite team take the coveted title of world champions. A number of well-known football players and world-renowned teams hail from this country. Just some of the popular players are Pel\u00e9, Ronaldo, Adriano, Kak\u00e1, and Ronaldinho. [PAR] Martial Arts [PAR] Capoeira is one of the most popular forms of martial arts in Brazil. It has distinct African influences and is characterised by nimble movements that require skill and agility. It is often played on the ground. Because of its very acrobatic, almost choreographed nature, it is often accompanied by music. [PAR] Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu dates back to the early part of the 20th century and is based on submission holds (such as joint locks). As individual enthusiasts have perfected the art in their own rights, this sport has begun to become internationally recognised. Vale tudo is a variation of Jiu-Jitsu that means \u201canything goes\u201d. As its name implies, this adaptation of the discipline allows more freedom with fewer rules. [PAR] Soccer Ball decorated with Brazil's Flag. [PAR] Footvolley [PAR] Invented in the 1960\u2019s, footvolley is a combination of football and volleyball. It is played with a volleyball net, but players can use only their feet to get the ball to their opponents on the other side. It is a perfect beach game and visitors are sure to spot it as they frequent the many gorgeous beaches of Brazil. [PAR] Tennis [PAR] Brazil is represented in major tennis tournaments, such as Wimbledon and the US Open and is home to some of the best players in the world. [PAR] Basketball [PAR] The national basketball team of Brazil and its players are well respected in this sport on an international level. This is the third most popular sport in the country (after football and then volleyball). [PAR] Motorsport [PAR] As a nation, Brazil has won more than 100 Formula One races, testifying to the calibre of sportsmen that emanate from this nation in the motorsports arena. Some well-known names include Ayrton Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Bruno Senna, Felipe Massa and Lucas Di Grassi. It is also a key competitor in the American Championship Car Racing tournament, as well as less well-known competitions like Stock Car Brasil, F\u00f3rmula Truck and The South American Formula Three. Motorbike racing is also prevalent, and Brazilian competitors frequently participate in the MotoGP. [PAR] Volleyball [PAR] As the second most popular sport in Brazil, both the male and female national volleyball teams participate at Olympic level. They also compete in competitions such as the Volleyball World Cup and Volleyball World Championship. Brazil is recognised as the world champion in beach volleyball. [PAR] Rugby [PAR] Rugby is a much-loved sport in Brazil, but its teams have not yet reached the level at which they qualify for major competitions (such as World Cups). This sport dates back to the late 1800\u2019s and has, therefore, established a strong foundation in the culture. [PAR] Other sports enjoyed in Brazil include: [PAR] \u2022 Golf[DOC] [TLE] Footvolley in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Audrey Hepburn - Biography - IMDb Audrey Hepburn - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Audrey Hepburn [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 143 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (92) | Personal Quotes (23) | Salary (16) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Audrey Hepburn was born Audrey Kathleen Hepburn-Ruston on May 4, 1929 in Brussels, Belgium. She was a blue-blood and a cosmopolitan from birth. Her mother, Ella van Heemstra, was a Dutch baroness; Audrey's father, Joseph Victor Anthony Hepburn-Ruston, was born in \u00dazice, Bohemia, of English and Austrian descent, and worked in business. [PAR] After her parents divorced, Audrey went to London with her mother where she went to a private girls school. Later, when her mother moved back to the Netherlands, she attended private schools as well. While she vacationed with her mother in Arnhem, Netherlands, Hitler's army took over the town. It was here that she fell on hard times during the Nazi occupation. Audrey suffered from depression and malnutrition. [PAR] After the liberation, she went to a ballet school in London on a scholarship and later began a modeling career. As a model, she was graceful and, it seemed, she had found her niche in life--until the film producers came calling. In 1948, after being spotted modeling by a producer, she was signed to a bit part in the European film Dutch in Seven Lessons (1948). [PAR] Later, she had a speaking role in the 1951 film, Young Wives' Tale (1951) as Eve Lester. The part still wasn't much, so she headed to America to try her luck there. Audrey gained immediate prominence in the US with her role in Roman Holiday (1953) in 1953. This film turned out to be a smashing success, and she won an Oscar as Best Actress. This gained her enormous popularity and more plum roles. [PAR] In contrast to the \"sex goddesses\" of the silver screen, Audrey Hepburn had a more wholesome beauty and an aura of innocence and class about her which gained her many devoted fans. [PAR] Roman Holiday (1953) was followed by another similarly wonderful performance in the 1957 classic Funny Face (1957). Sabrina (1954), in 1954, for which she received another Academy nomination, and Love in the Afternoon (1957), in 1957, also garnered rave reviews. In 1959, she received yet another nomination for her role in The Nun's Story (1959). [PAR] Audrey reached the pinnacle of her career when she played Holly Golightly in the delightful film Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)in 1961. For this she received another Oscar nomination. She scored commercial success again in the espionage caper Charade (1963). One of Audrey's most radiant roles was in the fine production of My Fair Lady (1964) in 1964. Her co-star, Rex Harrison , once was asked to identify his favorite leading lady. Without hesitation, he replied, \"Audrey Hepburn in 'My Fair Lady.'\" After a couple of other movies, most notably Two for the Road (1967), she hit pay dirt and another nomination in 1967's Wait Until Dark (1967). [PAR] By the end of the sixties, after her divorce from actor Mel Ferrer , Audrey decided to retire while she was on top. Later she married Dr. Andrea Dotti. From time to time, she would appear on the silver screen. One film of note was Robin and Marian (1976), with Sean Connery in 1976. [PAR] In 1988, Audrey became a special ambassador to the United Nations UNICEF fund helping children in Latin America and Africa, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alexandrite is the Traditional Birthstone for June and ... Alexandrite is the Traditional Birthstone for June and both Pearl and Moonstone are the Modern Birthstones for the Month. [PAR] Birthstones [PAR] Alexandrite is the Traditional Birthstone for June and both Pearl and Moonstone are the Modern Birthstones for the Month. [PAR] Alexandrite is a very rare stone that changes in color from browns to red to lavender, the gem is often simulated with a lavender crystal or cubic zirconia. Alexandrite can assist one in centering the self, reinforcing self-esteem, and augmenting ones ability to experience joy. Unless otherwise noted, all of our stones are simulated Alexandrite."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Worship BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Worship [PAR] Religions [PAR] This article looks at Sikh worship and prayer. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Sikh worship [PAR] Sikhs worship God and only God. Unlike members of many other religions they worship God in his true abstract form, and don't use images or statues to help them. [PAR] Sikh worship can be public or private. [PAR] Private worship [PAR] Sikhs can pray at any time and any place. [PAR] Sikh aims to get up early, bathe, and then start the day by meditating on God. [PAR] The Sikh code of conduct lays down a stern discipline for the start of the day: [PAR] A Sikh should wake up in the ambrosial hours (three hours before the dawn), take a bath and, concentrating his/her thoughts on One Immortal Being, repeat the name Waheguru (Wondrous Destroyer of darkness). [PAR] Reht Maryada (Sikh code of conduct), chapter 3 [PAR] There are set prayers that a Sikh should recite in the morning and evening, and before going to sleep. [PAR] Prayer - spending time with God [PAR] Although the Sikh God is beyond description Sikhs feel able to pray to God as a person and a friend who cares for them. [PAR] Sikhs regard prayer as a way of spending time in company with God. [PAR] For prayer to be really effective a person tries to empty themselves of everything of this world so that they can perceive God. [PAR] Guru Arjan wrote of the importance of prayer. [PAR] The praising of His Name is the highest of all practices. It has uplifted many a human soul. It slakes the desire of restless mind. It imparts an all-seeing vision. [PAR] Guru Arjan [PAR] Public worship [PAR] Although Sikhs can worship on their own, they see congregational worship as having its own special merits. [PAR] Sikhs believe that God is visible in the Sikh congregation or Sangat, and that God is pleased by the act of serving the Sangat. [PAR] Congregational Sikh worship takes place in a Gurdwara . [PAR] Sikh public worship can be led by any Sikh, male or female, who is competent to do so."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Woman Invented Dishwasher | USPTO Woman Invented Dishwasher | USPTO [PAR] Woman Invented Dishwasher [PAR] Patent For First Practical Dish Washing Machine Issued December 28, 1886 [PAR] December 27, 2001 [PAR] brigid.quinn@uspto.gov [PAR] Josephine Garis Cochran invented the first useful dishwasher in Shelbyville, Ill., and received patent # 355,139 on December 28, 1886. [PAR] Cochrane, a wealthy woman who entertained often, wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than her servants, and without breaking them. When she couldn't find one, she built it herself. [PAR] She measured the dishes first, then she made wire compartments, each designed to fit plates, cups, or saucers. The compartments were placed inside a wheel that lay flat within a copper boiler. A motor turned the wheel while hot soapy water squirted from the bottom of the boiler and rained down on the dishes. Her invention worked! She showed the dishwasher at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, but only restaurants and hotels showed interest in it. Cochrane founded a company to manufacture her dishwashers, which eventually became KitchenAid\u00ae. It wasn't until the 1950s, however, that dishwashers started to become a standard household kitchen appliance. [PAR] Cochrane's patent and the trademarks registered to KitchenAid\u00ae, as well as the more than 6 million patents issued since the first in 1790 and the 2.3 million trademarks registered since 1870, can be seen on the Department of Commerce's United States Patent and Trademark Office website at www.uspto.gov . [PAR] Last year USPTO issued 182,223 patents and registered 127,794 trademarks."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sudirman Cup Results 2015: Updated Points and Group ... Sudirman Cup Results 2015: Updated Points and Group Standings | Bleacher Report [PAR] Sudirman Cup Results 2015: Updated Points and Group Standings [PAR] By Rob Blanchette , Featured Columnist [PAR] May 10, 2015 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse more stories [PAR] Kin Cheung/Associated Press [PAR] 0 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Hosts China prevailed in the 2015 Sudirman Cup in Dongguan on Sunday as they beat Japan in the final. [PAR] It was a sixth consecutive win for the Chinese in the tournament that sees the 12 best mixed badminton teams compete in Level 1 for the right to win the trophy. [PAR] Here are the results of the play-off stages: [PAR] Sudirman Cup 2015: Quarter-Final Schedule [PAR] Date [PAR] Here are the updated groups after each day, with daily breakdowns of the action: [PAR] Sudirman Cup 2015: Updated Points and Group Standings [PAR] Group [PAR] Day 8 [PAR] Kin Cheung/Associated Press [PAR] China won their sixth consecutive Sudirman Cup on Sunday, as the pre-tournament favourites swept Japan aside in the final, beating their fellow Asian giants 3-0 in Dongguan. [PAR] With the home support behind them and their immense record in the tournament, it always looked set to be China's day. [PAR] Japan, appearing in the final for the first time ever, started well, as they put up a brave fight in the opening tie of the final in the men's doubles. [PAR] Hiroyuki Endo and Kenichi Hayakawa pushed Fu Haifeng and Zhang Nan all the way, but the Chinese pair eventually prevailed 21-17, 20-22, 21-17 to give the hosts a 1-0 lead. [PAR] Kin Cheung/Associated Press [PAR] The women's singles was a much more straightforward affair for China as the world No. 1 Li Xuerui beat Akane Yamaguchi 23-21, 21-14. [PAR] Li admitted to feeling pre-game nerves in the final, but she was impressive in claiming the second tie of the day for China, per Channel News Asia : \"Because it's a big contest, I felt pressure. The reason why the score was so close in the first game was because I made a few mistakes.\" [PAR] The win was sealed by double Olympic gold medalist Lin Dan in the men's singles. The 31-year-old dispatched Takuma Ueda 21-15, 21-13 at the Dongfeng Nissan Sports Centre to his great delight, per Badminton Updates: [PAR] #SudirmanCup | Lin Dan of China celebrates the winning point of the Sudirman Cup in the final. pic.twitter.com/9sYW7Ax9Fe [PAR] \u2014 Badminton Updates (@badindiaupdates) May 17, 2015 [PAR] China have completely dominated the Sudirman Cup since its inception in 1989, the 2015 triumph their sixth in a row in the biennial event and 10th overall. [PAR] Japan put up a decent fight but simply never looked in with a chance of claiming victory on Sunday, especially following a late Saturday night finish in the semi-final as they edged South Korea 3-2. [PAR] China emerged victorious in some style after eight days of fierce competition between the world's best mixed badminton sides, and they hold the trophy now for at least another two years. [PAR] Day 7 [PAR] Favourites China easily qualified for the final of the Sudirman Cup by beating Indonesia 3-1, while Japan shocked South Korea to set up a tantalising final between Asian badminton powerhouses. [PAR] Nozomi Okuhara's shock win over Sung Ji Hyun in the women's singles would prove the difference, as the small Japanese star defended with incredible intensity throughout the match and found a way to let her opponent beat herself. [PAR] It was a massive morale boost,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Remains of the Day (1993) - IMDb The Remains of the Day (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] A butler who sacrificed body and soul to service in the years leading up to World War II realizes too late how misguided his loyalty was to his lordly employer. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] The Best Of The Best: The Greatest Movie Actors and the roles that made them great [PAR] 13 January 2017 3:49 AM, -08:00 | HeyUGuys.co.uk [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 03 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 22 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 25 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: The Remains of the Day (1993) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 8 Oscars. Another 16 wins & 24 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A rule bound head butler's world of manners and decorum in the household he maintains is tested by the arrival of a housekeeper who falls in love with him in post-WWII Britain. The possibility of romance and his master's cultivation of ties with the Nazi cause challenge his carefully maintained veneer of servitude. Written by Keith Loh <loh@sfu.ca> [PAR] Rated PG for themes | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 19 November 1993 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Lo que queda del d\u00eda See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Dolby SR (35 mm prints)| SDDS (35 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Actor Hugh Grant once stated that this picture was the best film that he has ever made. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] We see a dozen bottles of Graham's Port being delivered for the banquet - but the port would have been cellared for at least six months before being decanted - vintage port is undrinkable immediately after being transported; and later Stevens takes (and breaks) a bottle of Dow 1913 vintage port- but no producers declared a vintage in that year. 1912 was a vintage year, and the next one was 1917. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Stevens : In my philosophy, Mr. Benn, a man cannot call himself well-contented until he has done all he can to be of service to his employer. Of course, this assumes that one's employer is a superior person, not only in rank, or wealth, but in moral stature. [PAR] (NAS Ream Field) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] The crowning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiber River | river, Italy | Britannica.com Tiber River | river, Italy | Britannica.com [PAR] Tiber River [PAR] Rome [PAR] Tiber River, Italian Fiume Tevere, historic river of Europe and the second longest Italian river after the Po , rising on the slope of Monte Fumaiolo, a major summit of the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano. It is 252 miles (405 km) long. Twisting in a generally southerly direction through a series of scenic gorges and broad valleys, the Tiber flows through the city of Rome and enters the Tyrrhenian Sea of the Mediterranean near Ostia Antica. Its major tributaries are the Chiascio, Nestore, Paglia, Nera, and Aniene. Below Rome, the Tiber branches out into a delta , the main channel being the Fiumara, with the Fiumicino functioning as a distributary branch on the north side. Some ancient writers allege that it was known originally as Albula\u2014a reference to the whiteness of its waters\u2014but it was renamed Tiberis after Tiberinus, a king of Alba Longa (an area centred on Lago Albano , south of Rome) who was drowned in it. [PAR] Sant\u2019Angelo Bridge over the Tiber River, Rome. [PAR] Andreas Tille [PAR] Although the Romans made some effort to control the river\u2019s lower course, their ignorance of hydraulic principles prevented the development of adequate protection against floods. It is only in modern times that the Tiber has flowed through Rome between high stone embankments. Though the river varies in depth between 7 and 20 feet, there is some evidence that navigation upstream to the Val Tiberina was significant for the grain trade as long ago as the 5th century bce. Later, the shipment of building stone and also of timber became important. In its zenith, Classical Rome was supplied with vegetables grown in the gardens of riverside villas. [PAR] The Tiber River, with Saint Peter\u2019s Basilica in the background, Rome. [PAR] \u00a9 Mirec/Shutterstock.com [PAR] The importance of the lower Tiber was first recognized in the 3rd century bce, when Ostia was made a naval base during the Punic Wars. It later became a commercial centre for the import of Mediterranean wheat , oil, and wine . Successive attempts to maintain Ostia, on the Fiumara, and the port of the emperors Claudius and Trajan , on the Fiumicino, were defeated by the processes of silting and by the deposition of sandbars at the river mouths. In later centuries, several popes tried to improve navigation on the lower Tiber, and ports were built at Rome in 1692, 1703, and 1744. Navigation and trade upon the lower Tiber flourished again between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries, when further dredging took place on the lower course. Silting continued, however, with such persistence that, within another century, the Tiber was navigable only at Rome itself. The Tiber delta, meanwhile, had advanced about two miles seaward since Roman times. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Geography of Rome , Rome Geography - World Map Geography of Rome, Rome Geography [PAR] Geography of Rome [PAR] Geography of Rome [PAR] Geography of Rome is characterized by the Seven Hills and The Tiber River. [PAR] Rome city situated on the eastern banks of river Tiber has a geographical position of 41\u00b0 54' N and 12\u00b0 29' E. Rome lies to the west of the Apennine Mountains that forms the backbone of peninsular Italy. Being close to the Tyrrhenian Sea, Rome experiences a Mediterranean climate. [PAR] Rome is popularly called 'the city of seven hills'. These seven hills namely, Viminal, Quirinal, Palatine, Esquiline, Capitoline, Caelian, and Aventine were separated by marshy land and the River Tiber. Of these"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] El Cid: Spanish history enjoys a right royal revamp | Film ... El Cid: Spanish history enjoys a right royal revamp | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Reel history [PAR] El Cid: Spanish history enjoys a right royal revamp [PAR] Anthony Mann jousts fast and loose with the lives of Spain's medieval masters \u2013 resulting in seriously sublime cinema [PAR] Dressed to kill \u2026 Charlton Heston (right) as Rodrigo D\u00edaz in El Cid (1961), directed by Anthony Mann. Photograph: Allied Artists/Allstar/Cinetext [PAR] Entertainment grade: A [PAR] History grade: D [PAR] Rodrigo D\u00edaz was an 11th-century nobleman from Vivar in Castile. He is better known as El Cid, from the Arabic sidi or sayyid, meaning \"the Lord\". [PAR] War [PAR] Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid. Photograph: Universal/Getty Images [PAR] In 1080, when this film begins, the territory that is now Spain and Portugal was split between Christian and Muslim kingdoms . Emir Ben Yussuf ( Herbert Lom ) rouses the Muslim princes of the southern part, known as al-Andalus, to conquer the Christian north, some of which is known as Le\u00f3n-Castile. The film's Ben Yussuf is the historical Yusuf ibn Tashufin , commander of the Almoravid Empire . [PAR] At his summons, Emir Yusuf al-Mutamin of Zaragoza (Douglas Wilmer) has a go at conquering part of Le\u00f3n-Castile, but is captured by Rodrigo D\u00edaz ( Charlton Heston ). When D\u00edaz offers him freedom rather than death, al-Mutamin honours him with the name El Cid. According to the historical sources, al-Mutamin was not attempting to conquer Le\u00f3n-Castile. His war was with his own brother and rival emir, Mundhir . D\u00edaz and al-Mutamin are said to have become close when the former joined the latter's army as a mercenary in the early 1080s. [PAR] Love [PAR] Charlton Heston and Sophia Loren in El Cid (1961). Photograph: Moviestore Collection/Rex Features [PAR] D\u00edaz's girlfriend, Jimena (Sophia Loren), is upset with him for killing her father. When he fights an Aragonese knight in an astonishingly good jousting scene (which took El Cid's enormous cast and crew five weeks to film), Jimena gives her colours to his rival. The bubbling hatred between D\u00edaz and Jimena on screen is the stuff of historical fantasy, but it was real enough on set. At the beginning of filming, Heston found out that Loren was earning a $1m paycheque \u2013 substantially larger than his. He was so angry that he refused even to look at her in most of their scenes. This soon becomes amusing for the viewer. [PAR] Politics [PAR] King Ferdinand the Great of Le\u00f3n-Castile dies, and divides his lands between his children Sancho, Alfonso and Urraca. This really happened 15 years earlier in 1065, but the film has bodged the timeline to heighten the tension. At the king's funeral, Sancho tries to kill Alfonso. Alfonso teams up with his sister Urraca, the two blond-haired siblings conspiring to reunite and rule the several kingdoms. They want gruff warrior D\u00edaz on their side \u2013 but he won't do their bidding, for above all else he believes in honour. All Alfonso and Urraca would need to do is indulge in a spot of incest and we'd be in Game of Thrones, perhaps because medieval history is George RR Martin's source material . El Cid's version of the warring heirs has elements of accuracy, though in real life Ferdinand made it even more complicated by having five children , all of whom variously went into battle against each other, allied with Muslim princes, had affairs with runaway Muslim princesses , hatched world-domination conspiracies and assassinated each other. If a couple"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The northeast: Isaan Guide | Thailand Travel | Rough Guides The northeast: Isaan Guide | Thailand Travel | Rough Guides [PAR] Asia \u00bb Thailand \u00bb The northeast: Isaan [PAR] Bordered by Laos and Cambodia on three sides, the scorching-hot tableland of northeast Thailand \u2013 known as Isaan, after the Hindu god of death and the northeast \u2013 comprises a third of the country\u2019s land area and is home to nearly a third of its population. This is the least-visited region of the kingdom, and the poorest: almost three-quarters of Isaan residents are in debt, and it\u2019s thought that the majority still earn less than the regional minimum wage of B164\u2013183 a day. Farming is the traditional livelihood here, despite appallingly infertile soil (the friable sandstone contains few nutrients and retains little water) and long periods of drought punctuated by downpours and intermittent bouts of flooding. As you\u2019d expect, the landscape is mostly flat, but there are plenty of lively festivals and ancient temples to make a visit worth the effort. [PAR] In the 1960s, government schemes to introduce hardier crops set in motion a debt cycle that has forced farmers into monocultural cash-cropping to repay their loans for fertilizers, seeds and machinery. For many families, there\u2019s only one way off the treadmill: of the twenty-one million people who live in Isaan, an average of two million economic refugees leave the area every year, most of them heading for Bangkok, where northeasterners now make up the majority of the capital\u2019s lowest-paid workforce. Children and elderly parents remain in the villages, increasingly dependent on the money sent back every month from the metropolis and awaiting the annual visit in May, when migrant family members often return for a couple of months to help with the rice planting. [PAR] Rather than the cities \u2013 which are chaotic, exhausting places, with little going for them apart from accommodation and onward transport \u2013 Isaan\u2019s prime destinations are its Khmer ruins and Khao Yai National Park . Five huge northeastern festivals also draw massive crowds: in May, Yasothon is the focus for the bawdy rocket festival; the end of June or beginning of July sees the equally raucous rainmaking festival of Phi Ta Kon in Dan Sai near Loei; in July, Ubon Ratchathani hosts the extravagant candle festival; in October, strange, pink fireballs float out of the Mekong near Nong Khai; while the flamboyant, though inevitably touristy, \u201celephant round-up\u201d is staged in Surin in November. [PAR] It\u2019s rural life that really defines Isaan though, and you can learn a lot about the local residents by staying at one of the family-run guesthouses and homestays in the southern part of the region. If you make it this far you should endeavour to see at least one set of Isaan\u2019s Khmer ruins: those at Phimai are the most accessible, but it\u2019s well worth making the effort to visit either Phanom Rung or Khao Phra Viharn as well, both of which occupy spectacular hilltop locations, though the latter was closed at the time of writing. Relics of an even earlier age, prehistoric cliff-paintings also draw a few tourists eastwards to the little town of Khong Chiam , which is prettily set between the Mekong and Mun rivers. [PAR] Isaan\u2019s only mountain range of any significance divides the uninspiring town of Loei from the central plains and offers some stiff walking, awesome scenery and the possibility of spotting unusual birds and flowers in the national parks that spread across its heights. Due north of Loei at Chiang Khan , the Mekong River begins its leisurely course around Isaan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The world will end in 2060, according to Newton | Daily ... The world will end in 2060, according to Newton | Daily Mail Online [PAR] The world will end in 2060, according to Newton [PAR] By FIONA MACRAE [PAR] Last updated at 16:57 19 June 2007 [PAR] His famously analytical mind worked out [PAR] the laws of gravity and unravelled the [PAR] motion of the planets. [PAR] And when it came to predicting the end [PAR] of the world, Sir Isaac Newton was just as [PAR] precise. [PAR] He believed the Apocalypse would [PAR] come in 2060 \u2013 exactly 1,260 years after [PAR] the foundation of the Holy Roman [PAR] Empire, according to a recently published letter. [PAR] Scroll down for more... [PAR] Luckily for modern scientists in awe of [PAR] his achievements, Newton based this [PAR] figure on religion rather than reasoning. [PAR] In a letter from 1704 which has gone on [PAR] show in Jerusalem\u2019s Hebrew University, [PAR] Newton uses the Bible\u2019s Book of Daniel to [PAR] calculate the date for the Apocalypse. [PAR] The note reveals a deeply spiritual side [PAR] to a man more usually regarded as a [PAR] strict rationalist. Newton, known as the [PAR] founder of modern physics, secured a [PAR] royal exemption from ordination in the [PAR] Church of England \u2013 something normally [PAR] expected of academics in his day \u2013 so he [PAR] would not have to follow its teachings. [PAR] But he confidently stated in the letter [PAR] that the Bible proved the world would [PAR] end in 2060, adding: \"It may end later, but [PAR] I see no reason for its ending sooner.\" [PAR] Continuing in a decidedly sniffy tone, he [PAR] wrote: \"This I mention not to assert when [PAR] the time of the end shall be, but to put a [PAR] stop to the rash conjectures of fanciful [PAR] men who are frequently predicting the [PAR] time of the end, and by doing so bring the [PAR] sacred prophesies into discredit as often [PAR] as their predictions fail.\" [PAR] The exact words from the Book of Daniel [PAR] that inspired his prediction are not clear. [PAR] But he got at least one thing right \u2013 in [PAR] another document, he interpreted [PAR] biblical prophecies to mean that the Jews [PAR] would return to the Holy Land before the [PAR] world ended. [PAR] Newton, who died 280 years ago, wrote [PAR] that the end of days would see \"the ruin of [PAR] the wicked nations, the end of weeping [PAR] and of all troubles, the return of the Jews [PAR] (from) captivity and their setting up a [PAR] flourishing and everlasting Kingdom\". [PAR] Yemima Ben-Menahem, one of the [PAR] curators of the exhibition, said: \"These [PAR] documents show a scientist guided by [PAR] religious fervour, by a desire to see God\u2019s [PAR] actions in the world.\" [PAR] The papers \u2013 including more prosaic [PAR] notes about his income and the price of [PAR] tin \u2013 lay in a trunk at the house of the Earl [PAR] of Portsmouth for 250 years before being [PAR] auctioned in the late 1930s. [PAR] Since 1969, many have been locked [PAR] away in Israel\u2019s national library.[DOC] [TLE] The world will end in 2060, according to Sir Isaac Newton The world will end in 2060, according to Sir Isaac Newton [PAR] The world will end in 2060, according to Sir Isaac Newton [PAR] The world will end in 2060, according to Sir Isaac Newton [PAR] Blackleaf [PAR] #1Jun 18th, 2007 [PAR] English scientist Sir Isaac Newton, who discovered gravity when an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Actress Diana Coupland dies at 74 BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Actress Diana Coupland dies at 74 [PAR] Actress Diana Coupland dies at 74 [PAR] Diana Coupland played Maureen Carter in EastEnders in 2000 [PAR] Actress Diana Coupland, best known for her role in 1970s sitcom Bless This House, has died in hospital aged 74. [PAR] The comedy actress died at Coventry's University Hospital, after she failed to recuperate from surgery to resolve long-term heart problems. [PAR] \"The operation was a success but because of Diana's longstanding illness, her condition continued to deteriorate,\" the surgeon said. [PAR] Coupland more recently played roles in EastEnders, Casualty and Doctors. [PAR] Bond role [PAR] \"Diana's chances of a full recovery were discussed with her family and they made a decision that she should be allowed to pass away peacefully,\" said heart surgeon Ramesh Patel. [PAR] \"May I offer my condolences to the family for the loss of their wife and mother, who I know will be greatly missed.\" [PAR] Diana Coupland (r) appeared in Triangle during the 1980s [PAR] Coupland had not wanted to act initially. Ballet dancing was her first choice of career, but a horse-riding accident prevented her pursuing that ambition. [PAR] She began acting in the 60s. Her early career saw her singing voice dubbed over the voice of Ursula Andress in the James Bond film Dr No. [PAR] But it was her role in Bless This House, opposite Sid James, that brought her television fame. [PAR] She continued to work solidly through the 1980s, and featured in popular shows including police drama Juliet Bravo and Triangle, the series set on a North Sea ferry. [PAR] The actress was also well known for her charitable works, becoming patron for National Lupus UK, a charity supporting people suffering from Systemic and Discoid Lupus."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennis elbow: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Tennis elbow: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] Symptoms can include any of the following: [PAR] Elbow pain that gets worse over time [PAR] Pain that radiates from the outside of the elbow to the forearm and back of the hand when grasping or twisting [PAR] Weak grasp [PAR] Exams and Tests [PAR] Your doctor or nurse will examine you. The exam may show: [PAR] Pain or tenderness when the tendon is gently pressed near where it attaches to the upper arm bone, over the outside of the elbow [PAR] Pain near the elbow when the wrist is bent backwards [PAR] X-rays may be done. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] The first step is to rest your arm for 2 or 3 weeks and avoid the activity that causes your symptoms. You may also want to: [PAR] Put ice on the outside of your elbow 2 to 3 times a day. [PAR] Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin. [PAR] If your tennis elbow is due to sports activity, you may want to: [PAR] Ask your health care provider about any changes you can make to your technique. [PAR] Check the sports equipment you are using to see if any changes may help. If you play tennis, changing the grip size of the racket may help. [PAR] Think about how often you play, and whether you should cut back. [PAR] If your symptoms are related to working on a computer, ask your manager about changing your workstation or your chair, desk, and computer setup. [PAR] A physical therapist can show you exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles of your forearm. [PAR] You can buy a special brace for tennis elbow at most drugstores. It wraps around the upper part of your forearm and takes some of the pressure off the muscles. [PAR] Your doctor may also inject cortisone and a numbing medicine around the area where the tendon attaches to the bone. This may help decrease the swelling and pain. [PAR] If the pain continues after 6 to 12 months of rest and treatment, surgery may be recommended. Talk with your orthopedic surgeon about the risks and whether surgery might help. [PAR] Outlook (Prognosis) [PAR] Elbow pain may get better without surgery. But most people who have surgery have full use of their forearm and elbow afterwards. [PAR] When to Contact a Medical Professional [PAR] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if: [PAR] This is the first time you have had these symptoms [PAR] Home treatment does not relieve the symptoms [PAR] Alternative Names [PAR] Epitrochlear bursitis; Lateral epicondylitis; Epicondylitis - lateral [PAR] Images [PAR] Brummel J, Baker CL III, Hopkins R, Baker CL, Jr. Epicondylitis: lateral. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2014;22:e1-6. [PAR] Pitzer ME, Seidengerg PH, Bader DA. Elbow tendinopathy. Med Clin North Am. 2014;98:833-849. [PAR] Regan WD, Grondin PP, Morrey BF. Elbow and forearm. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr., Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2009:chap 19. [PAR] Review Date 9/8/2014 [PAR] Updated by: C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. [PAR] Related MedlinePlus Health Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Julius Caesar - Wikiquote Julius Caesar - Wikiquote [PAR] Julius Caesar [PAR] Gaius Julius Caesar (Classical Latin: G [PAR] AIVS [PAR] C [PAR] \u00c6SAR [PAR] ) ( 12 July 100 BC \u2013 15 March 44 BC ) was a Roman religious , military, and political leader. He played an important part in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire . His conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, with the first Roman invasion of Britainia in 55 BC. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses of all time, as well as a brilliant politician and one of the ancient world's strongest leaders. [PAR] For the famous play by William Shakespeare , see Julius Caesar (play) . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Men willingly believe what they wish. [PAR] The die is cast. [PAR] Fortune, which has a great deal of power in other matters but especially in war, can bring about great changes in a situation through very slight forces. [PAR] Veni, vidi, vici. [PAR] I came, I saw, I conquered. [PAR] Written in a report to Rome 47 B.C., after conquering Pharnaces at Zela in Asia Minor in just five days; as quoted in Life of Caesar by Plutarch ; reported to have been inscribed on one of the decorated wagons in the Pontic triumph, in Lives of the Twelve Caesars , Julius , by Suetonius [PAR] Variant translation: [PAR] Came, Saw, Conquered [PAR] Inscription on the triumphal wagon reported in The Twelve Caesars by Suetonius , as translated by Robert Graves (1957) [PAR] Alea iacta est . [PAR] The die is cast. [PAR] As quoted in Vita Divi Iuli [The Life of the deified Julius] (121 CE) by Suetonius , paragraph 33 (Caesar: \u2026 \"Iacta alea est\", inquit. \u2013 Caesar said \u2026 \"the die is cast\".) [PAR] Said when crossing the river Rubicon with his legions on 10 January, 49 BC, thus beginning the civil war with the forces of Pompey . The Rubicon river was the boundary of Gaul, the province Caesar had the authority to keep his army in. By crossing the river, he had committed an invasion of Italy. [PAR] The Latin is a translation; Caesar actually spoke this in Greek, as reported by Plutarch , Plutarch , Life of Pompey, 60.2.9: [PAR] \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u00ab\u1f08\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c6\u03b8\u03c9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb, [anerriphtho kybos] \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b2\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd. [PAR] He [Caesar] declared in Greek with loud voice to those who were present \u2018Let the die be cast\u2019 and led the army across. [PAR] He was reportedly quoting the playwright Menander , specifically \u201c\u1f08\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u1ff3\u201d (Arrephoria, or \u201cThe Flute-Girl\u201d), according to Deipnosophistae , Book 13 , paragraph 8, saying \u00ab\u1f08\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c6\u03b8\u03c9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb (anerriphtho kybos). The Greek translates rather as \u201clet the die be cast!\u201d, or \u201cLet the game be ventured!\u201d, which would instead translate in Latin as Jacta Alea Est. According to Lewis and Short ( Online Dictionary: alea , Lewis and Short at the Perseus Project. See bottom of section I.), the phrase used was a future active imperative , \u201clet the die be cast!\u201d, or \u201cLet the game be ventured!\u201d, which would instead translate in Latin as iacta alea est. [PAR] Gallia est pacata. [PAR] Gaul is subdued. [PAR] Written in a letter with which Caesar informed the Roman Senate of his victory over Vercingetorix in 52 BC [PAR] Sed fortuna, quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus tum praecipue in bello, parvis momentis magnas rerum commutationes efficit; ut tum accidit. [PAR] Fortune, which has a great deal of power in other matters but"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vitamin A (Retinol) | University of Maryland Medical Center Vitamin A (Retinol) | University of Maryland Medical Center [PAR] Reproduction [PAR] Wound healing [PAR] Vitamin A comes from two sources. One group, called retinoids, comes from animal sources and includes retinol. The other group, called carotenoids, comes from plants and includes beta-carotene. The body converts beta-carotene to vitamin A. Major carotenoids, including lycopene, lutein, and zeaxantuin, have important biological properties, including antioxidant and photoprotective activities. [PAR] It is rare in the developed world to have a serious deficiency of vitamin A. Symptoms include: [PAR] Dry eyes [PAR] Diarrhea [PAR] Skin problems [PAR] While vitamin A is essential for good health, it can be toxic in high doses. Never take more than the recommended daily allowance without first talking to your doctor. [PAR] Acne, psoriasis, and other skin disorders [PAR] Prescription creams and pills containing retinoids, a synthetic form of vitamin A, are used to help clear up severe acne and psoriasis. They have also shown promise for treating other skin disorders, warts, and premature aging from the sun. Recent studies show that topical forms along with antioxidants may help minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. These medications require close supervision by a doctor. Isotretinoin (Accutane), an oral medication for acne, can cause very serious side effects and must not be used by pregnant women or women of child-bearing age who are not taking birth control. [PAR] Eye disorders [PAR] Getting enough vitamin A in your diet is essential for good vision. Research shows that people who eat more foods with vitamin A are less likely to develop age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In addition, a large population study found that people who got high levels of vitamin A though their diets had a lower risk of developing cataracts. But researchers don't know whether taking vitamin A supplements would work the same way. Vitamin A supplements may help slightly slow down the damage from retinitis pigmentosa, a hereditary disease that causes poor night vision. However, the study used high doses, which can be toxic. [PAR] Measles [PAR] For children who have vitamin A deficiency, supplements can reduce the severity and complications of measles. Children who are deficient in vitamin A are more likely to develop infections, including measles. In areas of the world where vitamin A deficiency is widespread or where at least 1% of those with measles die, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends giving vitamin A supplements to children who have measles. However, vitamin A does not seem to help unless a child has vitamin A deficiency. Never give a child vitamin A supplements without a doctor's supervision. [PAR] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [PAR] People with IBD, either ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease, may have a hard time absorbing all the nutrients their bodies need. Doctors often recommend that people with IBD take a multivitamin, including vitamin A. [PAR] Cancer [PAR] Whether vitamin A can reduce the risk of cancer is not clear. People who eat a healthy diet with enough beta-carotene and other carotenoids from fruits and vegetables seem to have a lower risk of certain cancers, such as: [PAR] Breast cancer [PAR] Cervical cancer [PAR] Melanoma [PAR] Some laboratory studies suggest that vitamin A and carotenoids may help fight certain types of cancer in test tubes. [PAR] Few studies have shown that taking vitamin A supplements will help prevent or treat cancer. In fact, there is some evidence that it may be harmful. Taking beta-carotene or vitamin A supplements has been linked to a higher risk of lung cancer in people who smoke or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 101 Animal Shots You'll Go Wild Over | Nature Photography 101 Animal Shots You'll Go Wild Over | Nature Photography [PAR] 101 Animal Shots You'll Go Wild Over [PAR] By Stephanie Pappas, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] June 7, 2013 02:23pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Ghostly Cats [PAR] Credit: Sahara Conservation Fund/WildCRU [PAR] An elusive Saharan cheetah recently came into the spotlight in Niger, Africa, where a hidden camera snapped photos of the ghostly cat, whose pale coat and emaciated appearance distinguish it from other cheetahs. Its appearance, and how the Saharan cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus hecki) is genetically related to other cheetahs are open to question. The cat is so rare and elusive that scientists aren't even sure how many exist. Among the threats to the pale cat are scarcity of prey due to poaching and overuse, and conflicts with herders over stock harassment and killing of their animals, according to SCF. Apparently cheetah skins are prized as prayer rugs or used to make slippers. [PAR] Giant Jellyfish [PAR] Credit: Shin-ichi Uye [PAR] Nemopilema nomurai, known as Nomura's jellyfish, can grow up to 6.6 feet (2 meters) in diameter. It is edible, though it hasn't caught on widely. When Nomura's jellyfish bloomed in 2005, some Japanese coped by selling souvenir cookies flavored with jellyfish powder, according to the New York Times. [PAR] Glitzy Gala [PAR] Credit: Greg Rouse [PAR] As if attending an underwater gala, seadragons are adorned with gowns of flowing limbs. These graceful characters belong to a family of fish called Syngnathidae, which also includes seahorses and pipefish. Now, University of California, San Diego, marine biologists Greg Rouse and Nerida Wilson are using genetics to unlock some of the mysteries of this mystical animal. In popular dive spots off the coast of Australia, the duo took tiny snips of tissue from the appendages of seadragons for genetic testing, before releasing the creatures. While seadragons are generally grouped into three species, leafy (shown here), weedy and ribboned, the team's genetic analyses and examinations of body structure have shown the eastern and western populations of weedy seadragons could be divided into two species. They also found the mysterious ribboned seadragon is not related to the leafy and weedy seadragons. [PAR] Caught on Camera [PAR] Credit: Smithsonian [PAR] A jaguar in Peru is captured on an automated camera set by Smithsonian researchers. Such cameras allow scientists to monitor wildlife in remote locations. [PAR] Ball of Color [PAR] Credit: Spike Walker [PAR] This photomicrograph shows the ruby-tailed wasp called Chrysis ignita, which is the most commonly observed of this species. The abdomen's is coloring -- ruby red and bronze \u2013 give the wasp its name. The underside of the abdomen is also concave, which allows the wasp to roll itself into a protective ball if threatened. Ruby-tailed wasps are \"parasitoids,\" meaning they eventually kill their hosts. Chrysis ignita parasitizes mason bees: The females lay their eggs in the same nest as mason bees, so when the ruby-tailed wasp larvae hatch, they feed on the mason bee larvae. Ruby-tailed wasps do have a sting but it is not functional and most species have no venom. [PAR] The fantastical image snagged a spot on the Wellcome Image Awards 2011, which chooses the most striking and technically excellent images acquired by the Wellcome Images picture library in the prior 18 months. [PAR] The Downside of Island Life [PAR] Credit: Kesler/University of Missouri [PAR] This colorful, tropical bird called the Tuamotu kingfisher lives on one tiny island \u2014 Niau in the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, in the south Pacific. Today, just 125 of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ilkley \u2013 Travel guide at Wikivoyage Ilkley \u2013 Travel guide at Wikivoyage [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in West Yorkshire , in the north of England. Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the metropolitan borough of Bradford. Approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Bradford, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales. [PAR] The town is popular with tourists and is famous for Ilkley Moor. In the 19th century it gained it's reputation as a spa town with the construction of Ben Rhydding Hydro, a Hydropathic Establishment. Charles Darwin underwent hydropathic treatment at Wells House when his book On the Origin of Species was published on 24 November 1859, whilst staying with his family at the nearby North View House (now Hillside Court). Tourists flocked here to 'take the waters' and bathe in the cold water spring. [PAR] Get in[ edit ] [PAR] Leeds Bradford International Airport - airport serving West Yorkshire and surrounding areas, [1] approx 11 miles from Ilkley, flights to various European and international destinations and domestic flights within the UK. [PAR] Ilkley Railway Station - train station in the town, trains to and from Leeds/Bradford. During Monday to Saturday, daytime services run to/from Leeds and Bradford twice per hour. In the evening, services are hourly to/from both Leeds and Bradford Forster Square. On Sundays, services are hourly to/from Leeds and every two hours to/from Bradford. [2] [PAR] See[ edit ] [PAR] 53.9272 -1.82472 1 Manor House Museum . Free entry, various exhibitions also held at the museum, contains many Roman materials. [PAR] [PAR] Ilkley Toy Museum . Check website for opening times and admission prices. Houses collections of dolls, dolls houses and other toys dating from 350 BCE to modern times. [PAR] Do[ edit ] [PAR] Hike the Dales Way, to Lake Windermere, over 80 miles through the Dales and into the Lakes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Coins | Coin Update Olympic Coins | Coin Update [PAR] Olympic Coins [PAR] By Dennis Hengeveld 3 Comments [PAR] With the 2012 Summer Olympics underway, it is a good time to look back at this famous sporting event in a numismatic context. With its history in ancient Greece, known for their elaborate coinage designs, it should not come as a surprise that the first coins with Olympic themes (or sporting themes, for that matter) originate from there. Commemorative coinage, in fact, finds its roots with ancient coinage and what better to commemorate than the most famous sporting event known to man. What we have thus are a plethora of Greek coins with commemorative themes such as chariot racing and the awards given to the winners of the sporting events. [PAR] Our focus this time however, will be on the modern Olympic Games and their commemorative coinage. The first modern Olympics were held in Athens in 1896, a revival of the ancient games held in the same country. Athens was chosen unanimously as the host city, appropriate since it was the birth grounds of the Olympics (at first it was considered to hold all future Olympics in Athens, but this plan was later abandoned in favor of rotating host countries and cities). Commemorative coinage for these modern Olympics, however, had to wait. First of all the concept of commemorative coinage in modern times was relatively new; even though the Ancients had released many commemorative coins it had become somewhat of a rarity, with the next two millennia only rarely seeing commemorative coins issued, and if they were, they were mostly released for general circulation (unlike most modern commemoratives, which are released for collectors and generally sold at a premium over face value). [PAR] Image: Wikidot.com [PAR] Even though commemorative stamps were issued from the start of the modern Olympics (quite frankly because stamp collecting was popular at the time and commemorative stamps were well accepted by the collecting community) the first modern commemorative coin with an Olympic theme would not be issued until after the Second World War. The Olympics were the 15th; held in Helsinki, Finland, it was the second Summer Olympics held after the war. Unprecedented, the Finnish Mint decided to release a 500 Markkaa coin in both 1951 and 1952. The coins depicted a relatively simple design with a wreath and value on one side and the Olympic rings and the date on the other side, as well as the legend \u201cOLYMPIA XV\u201d. Struck in silver, the coins were meant for general circulation, and were available for the public at face value or straight out of circulation. Unlike later issues, no Proof coins were specifically struck for collectors, although most of the 1951 coins were picked up by collectors, who soon noticed the low mintage of only 19,000 coins. The 1952 had a much higher mintage of 586,000 coins. [PAR] Image: Coinfactswiki.com [PAR] The coin collecting community had to wait another twelve years before the next Olympic coins were released. This time, the Japanese Mint released two silver coins (100 yen and 1000 yen coins in circulation strike format) to commemorate the Summer Olympics held in Tokyo during the summer of 1964. The coins once again featured the Olympic rings. That same year another Olympics coin was released, this time to commemorate the ninth Winter Olympics held in Innsbruck, Austria. The Winter Olympics were held since 1924 (with the exception of the war years), and had grown in popularity since inception, as winter sports in general had grown in popularity over the years. The Austrian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weird Asian Martial Arts Weapons - Weird News from all ... Weird Asian Martial Arts Weapons [PAR] Trending Topics [PAR] Weird Asian Martial Arts Weapons [PAR] From iron claws and meteor hammers to deer antler blades and emei needles, ancient Martial Arts weapons range greatly in shape and design, yet all have only one purpose \u2013 to injure. In the hands of a skilled assassin, even the humble chopsticks can become savage weapons. [PAR] Brutal metal-link whips, miniature swords disguised as tobacco pipes, fans edges with razor-sharp blades and poison-tipped arrows are all lethal in their own right but pale in comparison with an almost mystical weapon of decapitation. [PAR] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXFHJwjTZeY [PAR] 1. The Urumi [PAR] Also known as \u201cchuttuval,\u201d which means \u201ccoiled sword,\u201d this flexible weapon is used in the South Indian Martial Art of Kalaripayatt. [PAR] The blade (or multiple blades, as in the urumi pictured here) is flexible enough to be rolled up and stored when not used, or even worn as a belt and whipped out on demand. [PAR] The blade or blades are typically razor-sharp and bad news for anyone standing in the vicinity of the person wielding the urumi. [PAR] 2. The Tekko-kagi (\u201chand claws\u201d) [PAR] Ninjas would use the tekko-kagi claws to guard against sword attacks, allowing them to swipe and potentially knock the sword from an assailant\u2019s hands. [PAR] Or, ninjas could use claws the claws offensively against their opponents with devastating results. [PAR] Typically made from aluminum, steel, iron or wood, tekko weapons are believed by martial arts historians to have originated when the Bushi in Okinawa, Japan began wielding the steel shoes of their horses as a means of self-defense against assailants. [PAR] 3. The Kusari-gama [PAR] Kusari-gama is a traditional Japanese weapon that consists of Scythe-like blade,Kama, on a metal chain with a heavy iron weight at the end. [PAR] This weapon came from the design of the farmer\u2019s scythe but this was not a weapon that farmers used. [PAR] The art of handling the Kusarigama is called Kusarigamajutsu. [PAR] 4. The Nunchaku [PAR] A nunchaku is two sections of wood (or metal in modern incarnations) connected by a cord or chain. Chinese nunchaku tend to be rounded, whereas Japanese are octagonal. [PAR] The traditional nunchaku is made from a strong, flexible hardwood such as oak, loquat or pasania. Originally, the wood would be submerged in mud for several years, where lack of oxygen and optimal acidity prevent rotting. [PAR] The end result is a hardened wood. The rope is made from horsehair, and was traditionally claimed to be able to block a sword. Finally, the wood is very finely sanded and rubbed with an oil or stain for preservation. [PAR] 5. The Meteor Hammer & Rope Dart [PAR] This weapon is comprised of a long rope with twin metal weights, \u201chammers\u201d, or darts on each end. When used as a weapon, the hammer or dart on the front end is used for attack and the other for protection. [PAR] The rope wraps around the neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, thigh, foot, or waist. When the hammer or dart is released, it strikes outward with stunning and surprising speed. It is one of Chinese martial arts\u2019 most unique and difficult-to-master weapons. [PAR] 6. San-Jie-Gun (Three Section Staff) [PAR] The three sectional staff, is a historical weapon, which appears in the Chinese book \u201cSangokushi\u201d. Its distinctive feature is three 70 cm sticks chained together making it much longer than a long staff. [PAR] It can be swung around, or as a staff, using one\u2019s whole body space to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Calais, the last English possession in Europe Calais, the last English possession in Europe [PAR] What happened on this day in history. [PAR] JANUARY 7th [PAR] On this day in history in 1558, Calais, the last English possession in Europe, was lost. [PAR] Calais had been an English possession since the time of Edward III who took the city after an eleven-month siege. After he captured the city, the king ordered the citizens to be massacred. He was, however persuaded to spare the citizens and accepted a token of six men, provided they would volunteer for execution. Six courageous volunteers duly appeared, with ropes around their necks, in accordance with the king\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds demand. When Edward\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds queen, Philippa, saw the sight, she was moved with pity and begged Edward to relent, which he duly did. The event was commemorated in the Nineteenth Century by the sculptor, Rodin, with his great work, The Burghers of Calais. [PAR] Although he had spared the citizens\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd lives, Edward evacuated the city and populated it with English people. Calais was used as a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdstaple\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd that is a warehousing town for the distribution of English wool exports and a means of collecting taxes levied on wool. Calais was thought of as part of England and even sent representatives to the House of Commons. Over one of the gates of Calais were recorded these words: [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThen shalle the frenchmen Calias winne [PAR] When iron and leade lyke corke shall swimme\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] In 1407, Dick Whittington was simultaneously Lord Mayor of London and Mayor of Calais. [PAR] During the Hundred Years War , England gained and lost numerous possessions in France until they were finally beaten back and only held Calais. [PAR] During the reign of Mary I, the garrison was weakened and security relaxed as France was not, at that time, thought to be hostile. This was a mistake for the French under Francis, Duke of Guise, took advantage of English negligence and took the city. When the news of the loss reached Queen Mary, she exclaimed \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdWhen I am dead and opened, you will find Calais written on my heart\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd.[DOC] [TLE] Calais, France (Pepys' Diary) Calais, France (Pepys' Diary) [PAR] Calais, France [PAR] City of London wall and Great Fire damage \u2013 Hollar's 1666 map after the Fire [PAR] Wikipedia [PAR] This text was copied from Wikipedia on 13 December 2016 at 3:24AM. [PAR] Calais [PAR] Location within Hauts-de-France region [PAR] Calais [PAR] 33.5 km2 (12.9 sq mi) Population (2012) [PAR] 2 [PAR] 72,589 \u2022 Density 2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi) Demonym(s) Calaisiens Time zone CET ( UTC+01 ) ( UTC+1 ) \u2022 Summer ( DST ) CEST ( UTC+2 ) INSEE /Postal code 62193 / 62100 Elevation 0\u201318 m (0\u201359 ft) Website Town ; Port [PAR] 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km\u00b2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. [PAR] 2 Population without double counting : residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. [PAR] Calais ( /\u02c8k\u00e6le\u026a/ CAL-ay , traditionally /\u02c8k\u00e6l\u1d7bs/ ; [PAR] French pronunciation: \u200b [PAR] [ka\u02c8l\u025b] ; Picard : Cal\u00e9s; Dutch : Kales) is a town and major ferry port in northern France in the department of Pas-de-Calais , of which it is a sub-prefecture . Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's prefecture is its third-largest city of Arras . The population of the metropolitan area at the 2010 census was 126,395. Calais overlooks the Strait of Dover , the narrowest point in the English Channel , which is only 34 km (21"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Prisoner of Chillon - Poetry Foundation The Prisoner of Chillon by Lord Byron (George Gordon) | Poetry Foundation [PAR] The Prisoner of Chillon by Lord Byron (George Gordon) [PAR] My hair is grey, but not with years, [PAR] Nor grew it white [PAR] As men's have grown from sudden fears: [PAR] My limbs are bow'd, though not with toil, [PAR] But rusted with a vile repose, [PAR] For they have been a dungeon's spoil, [PAR] And mine has been the fate of those [PAR] To whom the goodly earth and air [PAR] Are bann'd, and barr'd\u0097forbidden fare; [PAR] But this was for my father's faith [PAR] I suffer'd chains and courted death; [PAR] That father perish'd at the stake [PAR] For tenets he would not forsake; [PAR] And for the same his lineal race [PAR] In darkness found a dwelling place; [PAR] We were seven\u0097who now are one, [PAR] Six in youth, and one in age, [PAR] Finish'd as they had begun, [PAR] Proud of Persecution's rage; [PAR] One in fire, and two in field, [PAR] Their belief with blood have seal'd, [PAR] Dying as their father died, [PAR] For the God their foes denied;\u0097 [PAR] Three were in a dungeon cast, [PAR] Of whom this wreck is left the last. [PAR] There are seven pillars of Gothic mould, [PAR] In Chillon's dungeons deep and old, [PAR] There are seven columns, massy and grey, [PAR] Dim with a dull imprison'd ray, [PAR] A sunbeam which hath lost its way, [PAR] And through the crevice and the cleft [PAR] Of the thick wall is fallen and left; [PAR] Creeping o'er the floor so damp, [PAR] Like a marsh's meteor lamp: [PAR] And in each pillar there is a ring, [PAR] And in each ring there is a chain; [PAR] That iron is a cankering thing, [PAR] For in these limbs its teeth remain, [PAR] With marks that will not wear away, [PAR] Till I have done with this new day, [PAR] Which now is painful to these eyes, [PAR] Which have not seen the sun so rise [PAR] For years\u0097I cannot count them o'er, [PAR] I lost their long and heavy score [PAR] When my last brother droop'd and died, [PAR] And I lay living by his side. [PAR] They chain'd us each to a column stone, [PAR] And we were three\u0097yet, each alone; [PAR] We could not move a single pace, [PAR] We could not see each other's face, [PAR] But with that pale and livid light [PAR] That made us strangers in our sight: [PAR] And thus together\u0097yet apart, [PAR] Fetter'd in hand, but join'd in heart, [PAR] 'Twas still some solace in the dearth [PAR] Of the pure elements of earth, [PAR] To hearken to each other's speech, [PAR] And each turn comforter to each [PAR] With some new hope, or legend old, [PAR] Or song heroically bold; [PAR] But even these at length grew cold. [PAR] Our voices took a dreary tone, [PAR] An echo of the dungeon stone, [PAR] A grating sound, not full and free, [PAR] As they of yore were wont to be: [PAR] It might be fancy\u0097but to me [PAR] They never sounded like our own. [PAR] I was the eldest of the three [PAR] And to uphold and cheer the rest [PAR] I ought to do\u0097and did my best\u0097 [PAR] And each did well in his degree. [PAR] The youngest, whom my father loved, [PAR] Because our mother's brow was given [PAR] To him, with eyes as blue as heaven\u0097 [PAR] For him my soul was sorely moved: [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First World War 1914\u201318 | Australian War Memorial First World War 1914\u201318 | Australian War Memorial [PAR] First World War 1914\u201318 [PAR] Australian troops in the Lone Pine trenches. A02022 A02022 Australian troops in the Lone Pine trenches. [PAR] AWM A02022 [PAR] Australia\u2019s involvement in the First World War began when Britain and Germany went to war on 4 August 1914, and both Prime Minister Joseph Cook and Opposition Leader Andrew Fisher, who were in the midst of an election campaign, pledged full support for Britain. The outbreak of war was greeted in Australia, as in many other places, with great enthusiasm. [PAR] The first significant Australian action of the war was the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force\u2019s (ANMEF) landing on Rabaul on 11 September 1914. The ANMEF took possession of German New Guinea at Toma on 17 September 1914 and of the neighbouring islands of the Bismarck Archipelago in October 1914. On 9 November 1914 the Royal Australian Navy made a major contribution when HMAS Sydney destroyed the German raider SMS Emden. [PAR] On 25 April 1915 members of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) landed on Gallipoli in Turkey with troops from New Zealand, Britain, and France. This began a campaign that ended with an evacuation of allied troops beginning in December 1915. The next year Australian forces fought campaigns on the Western Front and in the Middle East. [PAR] Throughout 1916 and 1917 losses on the Western Front were heavy and gains were small. In 1918 the Australians reached the peak of their fighting performance in the battle of Hamel on 4 July. From 8 August they then took part in a series of decisive advances until they were relieved in early October. Germany surrendered on 11 November. [PAR] The Middle East campaign began in 1916 with Australian troops taking part in the defence of the Suez Canal and the allied re-conquest of the Sinai Desert. In the following year Australian and other allied troops advanced into Palestine and captured Gaza and Jerusalem; by 1918 they had occupied Lebanon and Syria and on 30 October 1918 Turkey sued for peace. [PAR] For Australia, the First World War remains the costliest conflict in terms of deaths and casualties. From a population of fewer than five million, 416,809 men enlisted, of whom more than 60,000 were killed and 156,000 wounded, gassed, or taken prisoner. [PAR] [PAR] A03771 An Australian digger uses a periscope in a trench captured during the attack on Lone Pine, Gallipoli, 8 August 1915. [PAR] AWM A03771 [PAR] When Britain declared war against Germany in August 1914, Australia, as a dominion of the British Empire, was automatically also at war. While thousands rushed to volunteer, most of the men accepted into the Australian Imperial Force in August 1914 were sent first to Egypt, not Europe, to meet the threat which a new belligerent, the Ottoman Empire, posed to British interests in the Middle East and the Suez Canal. [PAR] After four and a half months of training near Cairo, the Australians departed by ship for the Gallipoli peninsula, along with troops from New Zealand, Britain, and France. On 25 April 1915 the Australians landed at what became known as Anzac Cove, whereupon they established a tenuous foothold on the steep slopes above the beach. During the early days of the campaign the allies tried to break through Turkish lines, while the Turks tried to drive the allied troops off the peninsula. Attempts on both sides ended in failure and the ensuing stalemate continued for the remainder of 1915. In fact, the most successful operation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Queen's Diamond Jubilee Celebrations | Cheapflights Top 10 Queen's Diamond Jubilee Celebrations | Cheapflights [PAR] Welcome to Cheapflights [PAR] The simple way to find cheap flights and hotels from all your favourite travel companies [PAR] This June, the Queen of England celebrates 60 years on the throne. Celebrations are in the works worldwide. [PAR] This June, the Queen of England celebrates 60 years as Monarch and Head of the Commonwealth. To mark the Diamond Jubilee, a number of show-stopping events will take place in London and abroad, as members of the royal family visit England\u2019s Commonwealth territories. Join the celebrations from June 2-5 to honor the Queen and take part in this momentous event. [PAR] London [PAR] London is the place to be for the Diamond Jubilee. Walk along the River Thames and see up to 1,000 boats in the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant. See if you can spot the Royal Barge \u2013 the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh will be on it. For those without tickets, the Diamond Jubilee Concert will air on TV on Monday, June 4. Also on Monday, the Queen will light the National Beacon along with 2,012 others lit by communities all over the UK and the Commonwealth. The events will culminate on Tuesday with a service at St Paul\u2019s Cathedral, a procession with all three military services and an appearance by the royal family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace to watch a RAF flypast and a Feu de Joie, a rifle salute by the Queen\u2019s Guard. [PAR] Scotland [PAR] To mark the Queen\u2019s Diamond Jubilee, Perth was awarded city status and will now be Scotland\u2019s seventh city \u2013 joining Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness and Stirling. Perth based its bid on its long history as a city before the status was removed in 1975 during a local government shake up. On Monday, June 4, beacons will be lit on Edinburgh Castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the Queen\u2019s official residence in Scotland. [PAR] Wales [PAR] Street parties, parades, fairs, exhibitions and concerts are being staged in the principality to mark the Jubilee. The small town of St Asaph was awarded city status, along with Chelmsford, Essex and Perth. One of the main Diamond Jubilee projects is the lighting of beacons on Monday, June 4 \u2013 100 are already registered in Wales. . [PAR] Jersey, Channel Islands [PAR] The festivities start on Sunday, June 3 at 3pm when some of the island\u2019s parishes will hold street parties. Start Monday early for a day packed full of activities. At 10:30am, a Service of Thanksgiving led by the Dean of Jersey will be held at the Town Church. Then from 2:30-4pm, gaze upon classic and vintage vehicles at the People\u2019s Park. Alternatively, enjoy the horse racing at Les Landes Racecourse from 2:30 to 5:45pm. Grab a bite to eat at the Jubilee Food Fair at Les Jardins de la Mer from 4:30-11pm. The Jubilee Concert will then take place at Fort Regent from 7:30-9:45pm. Appreciate the variety of music, from military bands to a choir of 500 singers to popular artists to the Jersey Pipe Band. After the Jersey Militia fire a 21-gun salute, cast your eyes on the island\u2019s Jubilee Beacon and a spectacular firework display; all can be seen from Elizabeth Castle from 10pm. [PAR] Ryde, Isle of Wight [PAR] A \u201cCool Britannia\u201d parade will take place on Ryde Beach at 2pm on June 2. There\u2019s fun for all the family in Appley Park, where a large marquee will be erected for evening entertainment and an afternoon of activities"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud - Poetry Foundation I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth | Poetry Foundation [PAR] I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth [PAR] I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud [PAR] Related Poem Content Details [PAR] I wandered lonely as a cloud [PAR] That floats on high o'er vales and hills, [PAR] When all at once I saw a crowd, [PAR] A host, of golden daffodils; [PAR] Beside the lake, beneath the trees, [PAR] Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. [PAR] Continuous as the stars that shine [PAR] And twinkle on the milky way, [PAR] They stretched in never-ending line [PAR] Along the margin of a bay: [PAR] Ten thousand saw I at a glance, [PAR] Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. [PAR] The waves beside them danced; but they [PAR] Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: [PAR] A poet could not but be gay, [PAR] In such a jocund company: [PAR] I gazed\u2014and gazed\u2014but little thought [PAR] What wealth the show to me had brought: [PAR] For oft, when on my couch I lie [PAR] In vacant or in pensive mood, [PAR] They flash upon that inward eye [PAR] Which is the bliss of solitude; [PAR] And then my heart with pleasure fills, [PAR] And dances with the daffodils. [PAR] Discover this poem's context and related poetry, articles, and media. [PAR] Poet [PAR] I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud [PAR] Related Poem Content Details [PAR] Biography [PAR] Discussing prose written by poets, Joseph Brodsky has remarked, \u201cthe tradition of dividing literature into poetry and prose dates from the beginnings of prose, since it was only in prose that such a distinction could be made.\u201d This insight is worth bearing in mind when considering the various prose works of the poet William Wordsworth. For Wordsworth poetic composition was a primary mode of expression; prose was secondary. Wordsworth seems to have written prose mostly in order to find a structure for his poetic beliefs and political enthusiasms. Over the course of a prolific poetic career, in fact, Wordsworth produced little prose, though he did compose two works of lasting general interest, one on poetics\u2014\u201cPreface to Lyrical Ballads\u201d\u2014and the other on the landscape of his native region\u2014his tourist handbook, A Guide through the District of the Lakes, which retains more than a local interest as geographical background to his poems... [PAR] Biweekly updates of poetry and feature stories [PAR] Press Releases [PAR] A preview of the upcoming issue [PAR] Poem of the day [PAR] A daily email with a featured poem [PAR] Events [PAR] Chicago-area and Poetry Foundation events [PAR] Children's Events"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Florida Map, Map of Florida USA, Detailed FL Map Florida Map, Map of Florida USA, Detailed FL Map [PAR] Florida Panhandle Map [PAR] About Florida [PAR] The state of Florida is located in the southeastern region of the United States. The Sunshine State is famous for sunny weather, pulpier oranges, glamorous coastline, abundant golf courses, and amusement parks. Florida achieved statehood on March 3, 1845. It's the third most populous and the 22nd most extensive state of the US. [PAR] History of Florida [PAR] Archaeological evidence shows that the first inhabitants in the state were the Paleo-Indians who arrived some 14,000 years ago. Before the Europeans landed here in the 16th century, several American Indian tribes lived in the region such as Apalachee, Tocobaga, Timucua, Calusa, and Tequesta. [PAR] The Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon was the first European to set foot in the region in 1513. Over the following hundred years, Florida was settled by the Spanish and the French. Great Britain was able to gain control over the region after defeating French and the Peace of Paris was implemented in 1763. [PAR] The Spanish regained control over the East and West Florida regions after defeating the English. By 1819, both regions were given to the United States for $5 million under the Adams-Onis Treaty, and were united once again. [PAR] Geography of Florida [PAR] Florida is located in the southeastern USA. It borders Alabama and Georgia to the North, the Atlantic Ocean to the East, the Gulf of Mexico to the West, and the straits of Florida to its South. Its proximity to the Bahamas and South American countries has created a unique culture that is quintessentially Floridian. The \"flowery land\u201d is the only state bordering both the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. [PAR] At only 105 meters above sea level, Britton Hill is the highest natural point in the state. It has a total of 19 metropolitan areas, with Miami being the largest in the state and in the southeastern US. Jacksonville is the most populous city in FL, and also the largest city by area in the contiguous US. [PAR] Tourism in Florida [PAR] Over 60 million people visit the state each year due to balmy weather and hundreds of miles of pristine coastline. From Art Deco architecture of downtown Miami to old-school Aviles Street of St Augustine, Florida is truly an ideal holiday destination. [PAR] The most visited amusement parks in Orlando include the Universal Orlando Resort, the Busch Gardens, and SeaWorld. The Walt Disney World Resort, at Lake Buena Vista, is the largest vacation resort in the entire world. [PAR] Another popular cities to visit are: Tampa, St. Petersburg, Tallahassee, Fort Lauderdale, and St. Augustine. The Everglades National Park, Key West, Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, Busch Gardens, and Wakulla Springs are famous places to visit in Florida. [PAR] Transportation in Florida [PAR] By Air \u2013 Miami International Airport is a major hub of American Airlines and thus, connected by intercontinental flights. [PAR] By Train \u2013 Amtrak trains (Silver Star, Silver Meteor, and Auto Train) connect Florida with northeastern states. [PAR] By Road \u2013 Primary interstate routes in the state are: I-4, I-10, I-75, and I-95. Florida's Turnpike runs through 11 counties in Florida. [PAR] Study/Education in Florida [PAR] There are eleven public universities in the State University System of Florida which was founded in 1905. The annual college tuition in Florida is one of the lowest in the country. Each county in the state is also a school district. Know more here . [PAR] Facts about Florida [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Northampton Town FC History Northampton Town FC History [PAR] Northampton Town FC History [PAR] By Gareth Willsher [PAR] From 1897 to the present day [PAR] Northampton Town Football Club, nicknamed the Cobblers were founded on 6th March 1897, when a group of local school teachers got together with the well known local solicitor, AJ \"Pat\" Darnell in the Princess Royal Inn, Wellingborough Road, Northampton to form the Town's first professional football club. Problems were encountered before a ball was kicked, when the Rugby club objected to the club name; Northampton Football Club. Arbitration was sought at the Football Association and the club were to be called Northampton Town Football Club. [PAR] Northampton Town Football Club joined the Northants League (U.C.L.), and spent just two seasons there during which time they recouped their first transfer fee, \u00a350 from Derby County for Frank (Wall) Howard, who was club's first professional player, and later became a gateman at the County Ground! The Cobblers won the Championship in only their second season. This was followed by a further two seasons in the Midland League, before joining the Southern League in the 1901-02 which saw the clubs heaviest defeat was recorded, 11-0 to Southampton, on a brighter note the F.A. Cup Proper was reached for the first time, a game which was lost 2-0 to League side Sheffield United in front of a lock-out crowd of 15,000, the gate receipts totalling \u00a3399. [PAR] National headlines were made in October 1902, when a 1-0 win was recorded over Portsmouth at Fratton Park, this was Portsmouth first ever defeat at Fratton Park, after an incredible 66 matches. The going was tough to start off with in the Southern League and the Cobblers twice finished bottom, mainly due to players being snapped up by league clubs, who were able to pay better wages. [PAR] During the 1904-05 season, Northampton used their first substitute in a friendly game against Port Vale. Len Benbow was injured, and permission was granted for him to be replaced by Herbert Chapman, who became the first ever Manager at the club, although on a Player/Manager basis. His appointment was certainly a wise one, with the contact had built up he was able to persuade many ex-professionals to join the club and was responsible for the club paying their first transfer fee, \u00a3400 to Stoke City for Welsh International Edwin Lloyd Davies who still has the record number of International caps won (12) and was the oldest player to play for the club (42). The transformation was incredible, within two years Northampton were champions of the Southern League (1908-09) and met Newcastle United in the Charity Shield, losing 2-0 at the Oval. [PAR] 1909-10 saw the Cobblers achieve their two biggest wins in the Southern League, 11-1 against Southend United and 10-0 against Croydon Common, they went onto to finish 4th that season and followed that up by finishing Runners-up to Swindon Town in 1910-11. [PAR] October 1911 saw the Cobblers sign their first black player, Walter Tull from Tottenham Hotspur who incidentally was the leagues first black outfield player. During his first season he played as a forward and scored 9 goals from just 12 games, including 4 in a 5-0 win over Bristol Rovers. He went on to play 110 games for the club, mainly as a wing half, before he died in the second battle of the Somme in the first World War where he was Britain's first black army officer. On July 11th 1999, over eighty years after his death, an 8 foot high marble memorial was unveiled at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stendhal - definition of Stendhal by The Free Dictionary Stendhal - definition of Stendhal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Stendhal - definition of Stendhal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Stendhal [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Sten\u00b7dhal [PAR] (st\u0115n-d\u00e4l\u2032, st\u0103n-, st\u00e4N-) Pen name of Marie Henri Beyle. 1783-1842. [PAR] French writer who influenced the development of the modern novel with his psychologically penetrating romances, such as The Red and the Black (1830). [PAR] Stendhal [PAR] (French st\u025b\u0303dal) [PAR] n [PAR] (Biography) original name Marie Henri Beyle. 1783\u20131842, French writer, who anticipated later novelists in his psychological analysis of character. His two chief novels are Le Rouge et le noir (1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (1839) [PAR] Sten\u2022dhal [PAR] (Marie Henri Beyle), 1783\u20131842, French novelist and critic. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] novelist [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] The City of Derry Jazz is also nominated in the Best Small Festival category as is Glasgowbury, naturally, the Sea Sessions in Bundoran, Limavaday's Stendhal Festival of Art, Sunflower Fest in the Ards Peninsula and the Tanglewood Festival at Narrow Water. [PAR] LET'S NEIL AT FEET OF GENUIS [PAR] I would, however, like to mention an odd phenomenon which, as far as I know, occurs in only one contemporary biography, and that is in Jonathan Keates's recent Stendhal,12 where the star of the show is not Stendhal but his biographer [PAR] Provision of Furniture [PAR] You'll learn about a French author named Stendhal, who spoke of a psychosomatic experience which lead to rapid heartbeats, dizziness and euphoria after experiencing art. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FRONTLINE/WORLD . Israel - The Unexpected Candidate ... FRONTLINE/WORLD . Israel - The Unexpected Candidate . Profiles . Ehud Olmert . PBS [PAR] React to this Story [PAR] Acting Prime Minister of Israel, Ehud Olmert [PAR] Ehud Olmert was suddenly and unexpectedly thrust into the spotlight when he became acting prime minister on January 5, 2006, after Ariel Sharon suffered a massive stroke and fell into a deep coma. Until then he had served as Israel\u2019s deputy prime minister, with little standing in his own country and barely known outside. One of the most right-wing \u201cLikudniks\u201d and more conservative than Sharon himself, Olmert had a history of supporting the dream of a greater \u201cEretz\u201d Israel and strongly backing the settler movement. [PAR] Olmert\u2019s family emigrated from China to Israel in the late 1930s. He was born in 1945 and grew up in a small community -- Nahalat Jabotinski -- named after a famous militant nationalist leader, where less than 30 families settled in the 1940s. These families were separated from and ostracized by the majority of the Jewish community at the time because of their underground militancy, and what was considered ultra-nationalism. Olmert\u2019s father became a member of parliament, representing the right wing party Herut. [PAR] Olmert grew up with three brothers, who were all aggressive and competitive. And it wasn\u2019t long before young Ehud was off and running in the same direction. After attending law school, he ran for the Knesset, then became a minister without portfolio and a minister of health. Following that, in 1993, he ran and was elected mayor of Jerusalem, which launched him firmly into the political spotlight. He remained Jerusalem\u2019s mayor for 10 years before joining Sharon\u2019s cabinet in 2003, and he devoted his mayoral term to improvements in the city\u2019s infrastructure, especially in the area of transportation. [PAR] Despite his longstanding support of the settlements, Olmert was surprisingly one of the first to advocate withdrawal from Gaza. At first, the idea was controversial, and advocates for Israeli settlers accused him of caving in to terrorism. Later, however, Olmert\u2019s idea was endorsed by Sharon and developed into the country\u2019s disengagement plan. Olmert has recently announced a plan for unilaterally withdrawing from 70 percent of the West Bank, effectively drawing the borders of Israel and a new Palestinian state -- yet another step in his shift from the hard right to a more centrist political position. [PAR] In November 2005, Olmert joined Ariel Sharon in leaving Likud and founding Israel\u2019s new centrist party, Kadima. He will be the party\u2019s candidate in the March elections and is strongly favored to win. [PAR] Olmert is a lawyer by trade and has degrees in psychology, philosophy and law from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His wife, Aliza, is a successful artist and author. They have four children."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Specsavers Shuttle - YouTube Specsavers Shuttle - YouTube [PAR] Specsavers Shuttle [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 4, 2011 [PAR] The latest in the famous 'Should've gone to Specsavers' advertising campaign is a blockbuster featuring five astronauts who come back to earth with a bump - not at Houston but at Luton airport. The ad promotes two pairs of glasses from \u00a369. It was directed by creative legend Jeff Stark, and was shot in Spain, for the simple reason that shooting 'airside' at British airports is rarely permitted. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hugo Drax - Villains Wiki - Wikia Hugo Drax | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Meeting Bond [PAR] Bond meets Drax at his estate in California. [PAR] When a plane carrying a Moonraker space shuttle on loan to the UK by Hugo Drax crashes, James Bond is sent to investigate what happened to the shuttle. As the shuttle was crafted by Drax Industries, Bond travels to California, where the shuttles are manufactured. There, he is picked up by Drax's pilot Corinne Dufour and flown to Drax's estate, which is from France. Bond is then welcomed by Drax's butler and brought to the drawing room, where Drax is playing Chopin's \"Raindrop\" Prelude in D flat major (op. 28) on his grand piano. He is then interrupted by the butler, who introduces him to Bond. After his female companions have left, Drax welcomes Bond, believing that his government sent him to apologize for the loss of the space shuttle. Bond tells him that an apology will be made to the American government when the British Secret Service has found out why there was no trace of the Moonraker in the crash site. They are then interrupted by Drax's henchman Chang , who delivers tea. While drinking, Bond asks Drax about the Moonraker. Dufour then returns and Drax tells Bond that she will bring him to Dr. Holly Goodhead, who will show her around. After Bond and Dufour are gone, Drax tells Chang to make sure that some harm comes to Bond. [PAR] After having been shown around by Dr. Goodhead, Bonds returns to Drax' office at night and opens his safe. Inside he finds files containing blueprints. He takes pictures of the files and returns them to the safe. This is witnessed by Chang. [PAR] Hunt [PAR] Bond and Drax on the hunt. [PAR] The next day, Drax is having a pheasant hunt on the countryside surrounding his estate. He invites Bond, but Bond declines as he is leaving. He stops by to bid Drax farewell and thank him for his hospitality. Drax convinces him to participate, as a pheasant could fly over. Having posted an armed henchman in the trees nearby, Drax intends to kill Bond. When a pheasant flies, Drax points at it and Bond takes the rifle. He shoots, not hitting the pheasant but the sniper that falls to the ground. Not having seen that, Drax tells Bond that he missed but Bond responds \"Did I?\". Uncomfortable because his man is not shooting Bond, Drax takes his rifle back when Bond gives it to him and watches Bond drive off. [PAR] He then turns to see Corinne Dufour arrive. He tells her that he knows that he and Bond were in his office last night and that she showed Bond the safe. Although Corinne denies it, Drax tells her that her employment is terminated and that she will leave immediately. Corinne then turns, but Drax orders Chang to release his doberman pinschers, which follow Corinne into the forest and rip her apart. [PAR] Venice [PAR] Drax tricks Bond and the MI6. [PAR] After finding out that Drax is manufacturing a highly lethal toxin in his Museum Of Antique Glass in Venice, Bond reports this to his superiors. However, when they arrive at the place instead of a laboratory they only find a vast office. They are greeted by Drax, which forces them to apologize to Drax. Leaving the building, M tells Bond that he has never been so humiliated in his life. Bond then hands him a flask of the toxin which he took"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hekla volcano - Global Volcanism Program | Hekla Global Volcanism Program | Hekla [PAR] 09/2014 (BGVN 39:09) Elevated seismicity during March-April 2013 [PAR] Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted) [PAR] May 1970 (CSLP 43-70) [PAR] Eruptions and lava fountaining from multiple fissures starting on 5 May [PAR] Card 0933 (07 May 1970) Eruption from fracture system; tephra fall to the N [PAR] The following telephone report from Hiynur Sigtryggsson of the Icelandic Weather Bureau was relayed . . . by Paul Bauer. \"At approximately 1800 EDT (2200 GMT) on 5 May 1970, the volcano Hekla blew up and is now in eruption.\" [PAR] The following report from the National Research Council of Iceland was relayed . . . by Jules Friedman. \"There is an eruption from the fracture system controlling Hekla. There are two outflow centers active at the present time, one is said to be N of Hekla, the other S of Hekla. Aparently short cross fractures across the main Hekla fracture system are involved. There was, at least yesterday (5 May) and possibly continuing today, an eruption cloud. According to reports here in Washington last night, the eruption cloud deterred light aircraft and prevented any more detailed observation. In a sector N of the volcano, there was a tephra fall, tephra used in lieu of ash to indicate different size fragments. The wind sector is pointed N so that this is the area affected by the ash fall, and some farms were being evacuated.\" [PAR] Card 0934 (07 May 1970) Inspection flight reveals 13 vents and fissures; dense ash cloud to 29,000 feet [PAR] The following report from the Iceland Defense Force was passed to the Center by Commander Bolst. \"Reporting from the Commander Iceland Defense Force. Time of the report is 061140 Zulu of May 1970. Due unfavorable weather and danger from flying rock and pumice cloud, P3B aircraft, volcano reconnaissance flight, was directed to remain outside of ten miles with minimum altitude of 10,000 feet. Nevertheless, crew managed to observe the eruption area for about 20 minutes before weather closed in entirely. Apparently there are seven fissure vents along the southeastern slopes of Mount Hekla proper. These had emitted an estimated 4 square miles lava flow. An eighth vent was observed on the NW slope, the peak itself obscured by clouds and smoke. About four miles, bearing 070\u00b0 from peak, five additional fissures also violently emitting fire and rock but no lava. Latter are not associated with peak or any existing crater but are on relatively flat lava plain. All 13 vents and fissures were emitting fire to an altitude of 500-1,000 feet, and dense ash and smoke were observed to 29,000 feet. Local reports indicate pumice fall and lava flow now subsiding. As area is relatively sparsely settled, Icelanders have accomplished the required evacuation and have situation in hand.\" [PAR] The following cable was received from S. Thorarinsson on 7 May. \"Inspection Hekla area reveals eruption not in Hekla proper but separate fissure eruptions with very high fountains N, SW, and S of Hekla.\" [PAR] Card 0936 (11 May 1970) Present activity mainly lava with some pumice production [PAR] The following cables were received from H. Sigtryggsson. \"Seismic activity recorded Reykjavik began at [2058 on 4 May] with irregular tremors generally increasing until [2200 on 5 May] but subsiding considerably after [2235] and virtually disappearing around midnight. Several earthquakes recorded, first one at [2058 on 5 May] largest at [2140, M 4] last earthquake at [0203 on 6 May]. No seismic activity observed since. Eruption"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] macaroni - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com macaroni - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Random Word [PAR] macaroni [PAR] Macaroni is a short, skinny, tube-shaped pasta. Many kids \u2014 and adults \u2014 would name \"macaroni and cheese\" as one of their favorite foods. [PAR] At some Italian restaurants, you can order macaroni as a side dish, and it's easy to cook at home with tomato sauce or butter and cheese. Macaroni and cheese can be cooked on the stove or baked in the oven with a crunchy breadcrumb topping. Macaroni began to have the second meaning of \"fop\" or \"dandy\" around 1780, named for the well-traveled youths who ate what was considered fancy and exotic at the time \u2014 macaroni.[DOC] [TLE] Macaroni - definition of macaroni by The Free Dictionary Macaroni - definition of macaroni by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Macaroni - definition of macaroni by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/macaroni [PAR] Related to macaroni: macaroni salad , Macaroons [PAR] mac\u00b7a\u00b7ro\u00b7ni [PAR] 1. pl. macaroni Pasta in any of various hollow shapes, especially short curved tubes. [PAR] 2. pl. macaroni or mac\u00b7a\u00b7ro\u00b7nies [PAR] a. A well-traveled young Englishman of the 1700s and 1800s who affected foreign customs and manners. [PAR] b. A fop. [PAR] [Italian dialectal maccaroni, pl. of maccarone, small lump of pasta, piece of macaroni, variant of standard Italian maccheroni, pl. of maccherone, perhaps from Greek makari\u0101, barley groats in soup or sauce, especially as served at funeral meals (from makarios, blessed, favored by the gods, from makar, blessed, of unknown origin) or from Byzantine Greek makari\u014dneia, funeral chant (perhaps also formerly used by Greek communities in Italy to designate a funeral meal) : Greek makarios, blessed + ai\u014dnios, eternal (from ai\u014dn, eon; see eon). Sense 2, from the notion that such young men acquired a taste for macaroni while in Italy on the grand tour .] [PAR] macaroni [PAR] n, pl -nis or -nies [PAR] 1. (Cookery) pasta tubes made from wheat flour [PAR] 2. (Historical Terms) (in 18th-century Britain) a dandy who affected foreign manners and style [PAR] [C16: from Italian (Neapolitan dialect) maccarone, probably from Greek makaria food made from barley] [PAR] mac\u2022a\u2022ro\u2022ni [PAR] 1. small tubular pasta made of wheat flour. [PAR] 2. an English dandy of the 18th century affecting Continental ways. [PAR] [1590\u20131600; < dial. Italian maccaroni, pl. of maccarone] [PAR] Macaroni [PAR] Example: political songs in Latin or in a maccaroni of Latin and English, 1884. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] macaroni - a British dandy in the 18th century who affected Continental mannerisms; \"Yankee Doodle stuck a feather in his cap and called it macaroni\" [PAR] dandy , fashion plate , fop , gallant , sheik , dude , beau , clotheshorse , swell - a man who is much concerned with his dress and appearance [PAR] 2. [PAR] macaroni - pasta in the form of slender tubes [PAR] alimentary paste , pasta - shaped and dried dough made from flour and water and sometimes egg [PAR] Translations [PAR] B. CPD macaroni cheese N \u2192 macarrones mpl gratinados (con queso) [PAR] macaroni [PAR] [\u02ccm\u00e6k\u0259\u02c8r\u0259\u028ani] n \u2192 macaronis mplmacaroni cheese macaroni and cheese (US) n \u2192 gratin m de macaronis [PAR] macaroni [PAR] macaroni [PAR] (m\u04d5k\u0259\u02c8r\u0259uni) noun [PAR] a form of pasta, pressed out to form tubes, and dried. The macaroni is over-cooked. macaroni \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 macarr\u00e3o makarony die Makkaroni(pl.) makaroni \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9 macarrones makaronid \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc makaroni macaroni \u05de\u05b7\u05e7\u05b8\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0908 makaroni makar\u00f3ni makaroni makkar\u00f3na, hveitip\u00edpa maccheroni \u30de\u30ab\u30ed\u30cb \ub9c8\uce74\ub85c\ub2c8 makaronai makaroni makaroni macaroni makaroni makaron \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0649 macarr\u00e3o macaroane \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b makar\u00f3ny"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Henry David Thoreau Biography - Philosophers - Woopidoo Henry David Thoreau Biography - Philosophers [PAR] ::: Woopidoo > Business People Home > Henry David Thoreau Bio [PAR] Biography - Information [PAR] Henry David Thoreau is a famous writer and peace advocate of the mid nineteenth century. His published works include Walden, or a Life in the Woods and Civil Disobedience. Walden resulted from Thoreau's two-year stay in a tiny hut near Walden Pond while Civil Disobedience advocated non-violent demonstrations, a work that later influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. [PAR] Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts under the name David Henry. It wasn't until after his college education that he changed it to \"Henry David\". Thoreau completed his childhood education at Concord Academy and, although his scholastic achievements were not exemplary, he managed to secure a scholarship to Harvard where he began his university education in 1833. After graduating in 1837, Thoreau returned to Concord to work as a school teacher for the same Academy he had attended as a boy. [PAR] Thoreau's reluctancy to administer corporal punishment, however, cost him his job. In order to continue teaching under his own ethics, Thoreau and his borhter John opened their own grammar school in 1838. It was during this time that Thoreau befriended local writer Ralph Waldo Emerson who took interest in Thoreau's writing. [PAR] Henry David Thoreau's grammar school shut down in 1941 after his brother's death and the young writer settled into daily life in Concord under the watchful eyes of Emerson. A naturalist at heart, Thoreau was often seen wandering and studying the ecology of his surroundings and writing notes in a journal. These, along with a book review, made up his first published essay in the periodical The Dial. [PAR] It was also during this time that Thoreau moved into the Emerson household. Emerson had taken a liking to the young man and wanted to help support Thoreau's writing. In exchange for tutoring his children and helping with chores when it wouldn't interfere with his literary work, Emerson helped support Thoreau and kept him as his perpetual guest. Emerson, along with Horace Greeley, helped Thoreau write and publish and series of essays for New York periodicals during this time. [PAR] In 1844 Thoreau became restless and went to work at his family's pencil factory. While he was there he managed to improve the graphite interior of the pencil and increase production. Although he kept busy, Thoreau was unsatisfied and, in 1845 decided to take a two-year leave as an experiment on simplicity and nature studies. He also hoped that a period of solitude would give him enough time to finish his first book. [PAR] On July 4, 1845 Henry David Thoreau moved into a tiny one-room house he built on land owned by Emerson. The cabin, settled next to Walden Pond, was located close enough to town to allow him access to both supplies and family whenever he needed. It was, however, secluded enough to give him the quiet atmosphere he desired. He lived simply on his own for two years observing nature and writing. It was also during this time that a tax collector sought out Thoreau for delinquent taxes and took him to jail for two nights. Since Thoreau did not support the Mexican-American War or slavery, he refused to pay. Thoreau's aunt ended up paying the taxes, at Thoreau's protest, in order to free him from his cell. These events made a lasting impression on Thoreau helping him develop the idea of non-violent protests against"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The White Album: How Bob Marley Posthumously Became a ... The White Album: How Bob Marley Posthumously Became a Household Name | Village Voice [PAR] The White Album: How Bob Marley Posthumously Became a Household Name [PAR] Remember Me [PAR] Or sign in with a social account: [PAR] FACEBOOK GOOGLE + TWITTER YAHOO! [PAR] Don't have an account yet? Sign Up \u203a [PAR] Connect. Discover. Share. [PAR] Get the most out of your experience with a personalized all-access pass to everything local on events, music, restaurants, news and more. [PAR] Enter your email or sign up with a social account to get started [PAR] FACEBOOK TWITTER GOOGLE+ YAHOO! [PAR] Don't have an account yet? [PAR] Sign Up \u203a [PAR] The White Album: How Bob Marley Posthumously Became a Household Name [PAR] Wednesday, July 9, 2014 at 3:05 a.m. [PAR] At the time of his death, in May 1981, Bob Marley was 36 years old, reggae's biggest star, and the father of at least eleven children. He was not, however, a big seller. [PAR] For Dave Robinson, this presented an opportunity. [PAR] Two years after Marley's passing, Chris Blackwell, the founder of Marley's label, Island Records, brought Robinson in to run his U.K. operation. Robinson's first assignment was to put out a compilation of Bob Marley's hits. He took one look at the artist's sales figures and was shocked. [PAR] Marley's best-selling album, 1977's Exodus, had only moved about 650,000 units in the U.S. and fewer than 200,000 in the U.K. They were not shabby numbers, but they weren't in line with his profile. [PAR] Upcoming Events [PAR] Tickets [PAR] Sat., Feb. 4, 8:00pm [PAR] \"Marley was a labor of love for employees of Island Records,\" says Charly Prevost, who ran Island in the United States for a time in the '80s. \"U2 and Frankie Goes to Hollywood and Robert Palmer is what paid your salary.\" [PAR] Blackwell handed Robinson \u2014 the cofounder of Stiff Records , famous for rock acts such as Nick Lowe and Elvis Costello \u2014 an outline of his vision for the compilation, which Blackwell says presented Marley as somewhat \"militant.\" [PAR] \"I always saw Bob as someone who had a strong kind of political feeling,\" he says, \"somebody who was representing the dispossessed of the world.\" [PAR] Robinson balked. He'd seen the way Island had marketed Marley in the past and believed it was precisely this type of portrayal that was responsible for the mediocre numbers. [PAR] \"Record companies can, just like a documentary, slant [their subjects] in whatever direction they like,\" Robinson says. \"If you don't get the demographic right and sorted in your mind, you can present it just slightly off to the left or the right. I thought that was happening and had restricted his possible market.\" [PAR] Robinson believed he could sell a million copies of the album, but to do it he would have to repackage not just a collection of songs but Marley himself. [PAR] \"My vision of Bob from a marketing point of view,\" Robinson says, \"was to sell him to the white world.\" [PAR] The result of that coolly pragmatic vision was [PAR] Legend: The Best of Bob Marley and the Wailers [PAR] , an album that became one of the top-selling records of all time, far exceeding even the ambitious goals Robinson had set for it. Unlike the Backstreet Boys' Millennium, 'N Sync's No Strings Attached and many other best-selling albums in recent decades, [PAR] Legend [PAR] isn't a time capsule of a passing musical fad. Selling roughly 250,000 units annually in the U.S. alone,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aphagia | definition of aphagia by Medical dictionary Aphagia | definition of aphagia by Medical dictionary [PAR] Aphagia | definition of aphagia by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aphagia [PAR] refusal or loss of the ability to swallow. See also dysphagia . [PAR] a\u00b7pha\u00b7gi\u00b7a [PAR] Difficulty with or incapacity for eating. [PAR] [G. a- priv. + phag\u014d, to eat] [PAR] aphagia [PAR] /apha\u00b7gia/ (ah-fa\u00b4jah) refusal or inability to swallow. [PAR] aphagia [PAR] Loss of the ability to swallow. [PAR] aphagia [PAR] [\u0259f\u0101\u2032j\u0113\u00b7\u0259] [PAR] Etymology: Gk, a + phagein, not to eat [PAR] a condition characterized by the loss of the ability to swallow as a result of organic disease or psychological causes such as cerebrovascular accident and anxiety. A kind of aphagia is aphagia algera .See also dysphagia . [PAR] aphagia [PAR] The inability or refusal to swallow; i.e., dysphagia (preferred). [PAR] a\u00b7pha\u00b7gi\u00b7a [PAR] [G. a- priv. + phag\u014d, to eat] [PAR] aphagia [PAR] Inability to swallow. See also DYSPHAGIA . [PAR] aphagia (a\u00b7f [PAR] n inability to swallow; may be psychological or physical. [PAR] a\u00b7pha\u00b7gi\u00b7a [PAR] Difficulty with or incapacity for eating. [PAR] [G. a- priv. + phag\u014d, to eat] [PAR] aphagia (\u0259f\u0101\u00b4j\u0113\u0259), [PAR] n the inability to swallow. [PAR] aphagia [PAR] abstention from eating. In the case of animals a suitable translation would seem to be not to take food when it was available.[DOC] [TLE] Aphagia | Define Aphagia at Dictionary.com Aphagia | Define Aphagia at Dictionary.com [PAR] aphagia [PAR] difficulty or pain in swallowing. [PAR] Origin of aphagia [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for aphagia [PAR] Expand [PAR] (pathol) refusal or inability to swallow [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C20: from a-1 + Greek aphagein to consume [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frantic [DVD] [1988]: Amazon.co.uk: Harrison Ford, Betty ... Frantic [DVD] [1988]: Amazon.co.uk: Harrison Ford, Betty Buckley, Emmanuelle Seigner, Djiby Soumare, Dominique Virton, G\u00c3\u00a9rard Klein, St\u00c3\u00a9phane D'Audeville, Laurent Spielvogel, Alain Doutey, Jacques Ciron, Roch Leibovici, Louise Vincent, Witold Sobocinski, Roman Polanski, Thom Mount, Tim Hampton, G\u00c3\u00a9rard Brach, Jeff Gross, Robert Towne: DVD & Blu-ray [PAR] [PAR] Frantic [DVD] [1988] [PAR] \u00c2\u00a36.99 & FREE Delivery in the UK on orders dispatched by Amazon over \u00c2\u00a320. Details [PAR] In stock. [PAR] Sold by Assai-uk and Fulfilled by Amazon . [PAR] Fulfilment by Amazon (FBA) is a service Amazon offers sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's warehouses, and Amazon directly does the picking, packing, shipping and customer service on these items. Something Amazon hopes you'll especially enjoy: FBA items are eligible for and for Amazon Prime just as if they were Amazon items. [PAR] If you're a seller, you can increase your sales significantly by using Fulfilment by Amazon. We invite you to learn more about this programme . [PAR] Note: This item is eligible for click and collect. Details [PAR] Pick up your parcel at a time and place that suits you. [PAR] Choose from over 13,000 locations across the UK [PAR] Prime members get unlimited deliveries at no additional cost [PAR] How to order to an Amazon Pickup Location? [PAR] Find your preferred location and add it to your address book [PAR] Dispatch to this address when you check out [PAR] Also available to rent on DVD from LOVEFiLM By Post [PAR] Important Language Information for Frantic [PAR] Please note that this DVD contains a French language soundtrack that is a blended mixture of English and French and not entirely in French. The DVD has French subtitles that provide a translation for the dialogue parts of the French soundtrack that are spoken in English. [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] Frantic [DVD] [1988] [PAR] \u00c2\u00a36.99 & FREE Delivery in the UK on orders dispatched by Amazon over \u00c2\u00a320. Details In stock. Sold by Assai-uk and Fulfilled by Amazon . [PAR] Fulfilment by Amazon (FBA) is a service Amazon offers sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's warehouses, and Amazon directly does the picking, packing, shipping and customer service on these items. Something Amazon hopes you'll especially enjoy: FBA items are eligible for and for Amazon Prime just as if they were Amazon items. [PAR] If you're a seller, you can increase your sales significantly by using Fulfilment by Amazon. We invite you to learn more about this programme . [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] Add all three to Basket [PAR] These items are dispatched from and sold by different sellers. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Frantic [DVD] [1988] by Harrison Ford DVD \u00c2\u00a36.99 [PAR] In stock. [PAR] Sold by Assai-uk and sent from Amazon Fulfillment. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a320. Details [PAR] Presumed Innocent [DVD] [1990] by Harrison Ford DVD \u00c2\u00a37.39 [PAR] Only 1 left in stock. [PAR] Sold by A ENTERTAINMENT and sent from Amazon Fulfillment. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a320. Details [PAR] The Fugitive - Special Edition [DVD] [1993] by Harrison Ford DVD \u00c2\u00a34.75 [PAR] In stock. [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a320. Details [PAR] What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item? [PAR] Subtitles: English, Spanish, German, French, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, Arabic, Romanian, Bulgarian [PAR] Dubbed: English, Italian [PAR] Region: Region 2 (This DVD may not be viewable outside Europe. Read more about DVD formats. ) [PAR] Aspect Ratio: 16:9 - 1.85:1 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Classic Bourbon Manhattan Cocktail Recipe - Inspired Taste Classic Bourbon Manhattan Cocktail Recipe [PAR] Home Page \u00bb Recipes \u00bb Classic Bourbon Manhattan Cocktail Recipe [PAR] Classic Bourbon Manhattan Cocktail Recipe [PAR] 9 comments [PAR] You only need three main ingredients to make this classic bourbon Manhattan cocktail recipe at home. Jump to the Bourbon Manhattan Cocktail Recipe or read on to see our tips for making it. [PAR] You\u2019ll need bourbon, sweet vermouth and angostura bitters. Then, if you want, finish it off with orange peel and a maraschino cherry for garnish. [PAR] YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: Our Seriously Good Fashioned Recipe with lots of extra tips to make it best. Plus, we share how to make big, round ice cubes. See how we make them now! [PAR] How to Make a Manhattan at Home [PAR] Not long ago, we sat and watched as a young mixologist painstakingly made us his take on a Manhattan. House-made bitters and vermouth were added. He stirred, never shook and the precision with which he used his personal zester, one that he has had for years was mesmerizing. [PAR] At home, we don\u2019t make our own vermouth or bitters, not that we would want to (read: it would be pretty cool, though). Leaving the house-made stuff to the pros, we, instead, make this simple bourbon heavy recipe. [PAR] Recipe updated, originally posted February 2012. Since posting this in 2012, we have tweaked the recipe to be more clear. \u2013 Adam and Joanne[DOC] [TLE] Manhattan Cocktail Recipe - Drink Recipes Manhattan Cocktail Recipe [PAR] 1 twist Orange Peel [PAR] Directions [PAR] Combine the vermouth, bourbon whiskey, and bitters with 2 - 3 ice cubes in a mixing glass. Stir gently, don't bruise the spirits and cloud the drink. Place the cherry in a chilled cocktail glass and strain the whiskey mixture over the cherry. Rub the cut edge of the orange peel over the rim of the glass and twist it over the drink to release the oils but don't drop it in. [PAR] Best served in a Beer Mug. [PAR] How to Make a Manhattan Cocktail Cocktail [PAR] Manhattan Cocktail Drink Recipe [PAR] How other's rated it... [PAR] Drink Recipes made with the Ingredients Above"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women's Institute: It's not all jam and Jerusalem | This ... Women's Institute: It's not all jam and Jerusalem | The Independent [PAR] This Britain [PAR] Women's Institute: It's not all jam and Jerusalem [PAR] Posing naked for calendars, indulging in pole-dancing: member of the Women's Institute have come a long way. Now comes the ultimate endorsement - a satire featuring French, Saunders and Lumley. What is going on? Ian Herbert reports [PAR] Friday 11 November 2005 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] With a media savvy that the Calendar Girls of nearby Rylstone and District WI would be proud of, the Wythit ladies - whose average age is 32 - will disclose only that the dancing club's location is \"some distance north of York\" as they have no wish to be followed by photographers. [PAR] Welcome to the edgy new world of the Women's Institute, in which young members indulge in parachute-jumping, quad-biking and - if Wythit's chairman has her way - will be at Glastonbury next year on a charabanc-come-recruitment drive. This injection of vigour may come as a disappointment to the latest comedy writers seeking to draw inspiration from images of the blue rinse and twin set brigade. [PAR] Dawn French, Jennifer Saunders and Joanna Lumley have started filming a new satire for BBC1 based on the experiences of a WI - or the Women's Guild, as their group is known. Their comedy, Jam and Jerusalem, brings Saunders and Lumley together for the first time since Absolutely Fabulous and Lumley's few words on the subject suggest that pole dancing will not be forming a part of the plot. [PAR] \"I only have a tiny little role as an old woman in the village where it takes place,\" she said. \"It's a straight-up comedy. Irreverent and very funny.\" [PAR] The National Federation of Women's Institutes (NFWI), which has not been formally consulted about the programme, has reason to feel some mild apprehension. Its members' last comic reincarnation arrived courtesy of Little Britain, in which they were depicted as projectile-vomiting, homophobic racists, distressed to find that their scones and jams have been made by immigrants and homosexuals. [PAR] The 90-year-old institution that the comedy writers are drawing inspiration from certainly has something of an image problem to contend with. The average age of its women remains in the 50 to 60 bracket and its membership - currently 215,000 or so - is falling at between one and two per cent a year. [PAR] Little wonder the institute's website is adorned with pictures of young women going white-water rafting and tells the story of a 23-year-old Guernsey member who \"may finally dispel the myth of the WI being full of old people and fuddy-duddies.\" The marketing experts Interbrand recently said that the organisation needed to \"turn around what people associate with the Women's Institute or get a new name that is a truer signal of what they do\". [PAR] The nine-month-old Wythit branch has opted for the former. Its 30 members meet at the local pub, the White Rose (\"I knew I'd never get the girls to the village hall,\" says the founder, Alison Mason) and are proud to be the first branch in the WI's history to meet on a Sunday. [PAR] A glance at the branch's first year itinerary indicates that this is not a place for those in search of home-made jam and \"100 ways with broccoli\". There has already been African singing, a drama workshop and a pretty hairy few hours flying around the treetops on an outward-bound challenge."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anserine - definition of anserine by The Free Dictionary Anserine - definition of anserine by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Anserine - definition of anserine by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/anserine [PAR] Related to anserine: anserine bursitis [PAR] an\u00b7ser\u00b7ine [PAR] 1. Of or belonging to the subfamily Anserinae, which comprises the geese. [PAR] 2. Of or resembling a goose; gooselike. [PAR] [Latin \u0101nser\u012bnus, pertaining to geese, from \u0101nser, goose; see ghans- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] anserine [PAR] adj [PAR] 1. (Zoology) of or resembling a goose [PAR] 2. (Zoology) of, relating to, or belonging to the subfamily Anserinae, which includes geese, swans, and certain ducks: family Anatidae, order Anseriformes [PAR] 3. silly; foolish [PAR] [C19: from Latin anser\u012bnus, from anser goose] [PAR] an\u2022ser\u2022ine [PAR] 1. of, pertaining to, or resembling a goose. [PAR] 2. stupid; foolish; silly. [PAR] [1830\u201340; < Latin anser\u012bnus=anser goose + -\u012bnus -ine 1] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] anserine - of or resembling a goose [PAR] zoological science , zoology - the branch of biology that studies animals [PAR] 2. [PAR] anserine - having or revealing stupidity; \"ridiculous anserine behavior\"; \"a dopey answer\"; \"a dopey kid\"; \"some fool idea about rewriting authors' books\" [PAR] colloquialism - a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech [PAR] stupid - lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] zoology [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Carnosine, anserine, creatine, and inosine 5'-monophosphate contents in breast and thigh meats from 5 lines of Korean native chicken. [PAR] Isolated patellofemoral arthroplasty [PAR] 18) Another study looked at the effects of carnosine and related compounds on the formation of AGEs in uremic patients who had undergone peritoneal dialysis and found that carnosine slowed the development of AGEs better than the similar peptides anserine and homocarnosine. [PAR] Weed seed survival during anaerobic digestion in biogas plants [PAR] Clinically, spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial tibial plateau (SOMTP) is frequently confused with medial eniscus tear and pes anserine bursitis. [PAR] Guest editorial: rheumatology [PAR] Protective effects of carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine against peroxyl radical-mediated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase modification. [PAR] Protective effect of carnosine on adriamycin-induced oxidative heart damage in rats/ Sicanlarda adriamisinin neden oldugu oksidatif kalp hasari uzerine karnozinin koruyucu etkisi [PAR] Loose bodies were noted in 2 patients, Baker's cysts in 3 patients, and pes anserine bursitis in 4 patients. [PAR] Relationship between pain severity and magnetic resonance imaging features in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee / Diz agrili hastalarda manyetik rezonans goruntuleme bulgulari ve agri siddeti arasindaki iliski [PAR] However, this was stopped after the type of raw material had been changed from species such as capelin and sprat that had an exceptionally high total content of natural antioxidants and co-antioxidants (such as anserine, spermine, trimethylamineoxide and taurine) to species with lower (and more normal) antioxidant content."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Good Life (Series) - TV Tropes The Good Life (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] The Good Life [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] WMG [PAR] This is the life... [PAR] Brit Com about a married couple (Tom and Barbara Good) who decide to give up the rat race and become completely self-sufficient. On his 40th birthday, Tom Good gives up his job as a draughtsman in a company that makes plastic toys for boxes of breakfast cereal. Their house is paid for, so he and his wife decide to live a sustainable, simple and self-sufficient lifestyle while staying in their home in Surbiton. They dig up their gardens and convert them into allotments, growing fruit and vegetables. They buy chickens, pigs, a goat and a rooster. The Goods generate their own electricity, attempt to make their own clothes, and barter for essentials which they cannot make themselves. [PAR] Their actions horrify their conventional, and conventionally materialistic, next-door neighbors, Margo and Jerry Leadbetter. Well, they horrify Margo. Tom's friend and former colleague Jerry is mostly just bemused. Hilarity Ensues . Notable for being a sitcom about Sustainability before sustainability was a common topic of discussion. [PAR] Came ninth in Britain's Best Sitcom . [PAR] Known as Good Neighbors in the US because NBC had an unrelated one season series called \"The Good Life\" a couple years before. [PAR] This program provides examples of: [PAR] Acting Unnatural : In one episode, Tom and Barbara think Margo is having an affair. When Jerry walks in, Tom tells Barbara to 'be natural'. They then both stand to attention and grin like idiots. [PAR] The Alleged Car : In series 3 episode \"A Tug At The Forelock\" Tom decides to build his own, powered by the engine from the rotary cultivator, as an alternative to the (less economical but more sensible) horse Barbara got from the coal-man, who was upgrading to motor power. Despite Jerry's quizzing them on the lack of tax and insurance, its general roadworthiness is not brought up in that episode. [PAR] Almost Famous Name : One episode revolves around Tom and Barbara being interviewed by a newspaper that turns out, after they've told everyone they know, to be a low-circulation student paper with a similar name to the famous national paper they thought they would be appearing in. [PAR] Annoying Laugh : Jerry. A heh. Heheheheh. [PAR] Arrow Cam : At least one episode includes an example of 'Goat Cam': \"Geraldine! Kill!\" [PAR] Billed Above the Title : \"Richard Briers in The Good Life\". Briers had been playing sitcom leads for over a decade when he was offered the role of Tom, while Felicity Kendal, Penelope Keith and Paul Eddington were primarily known for their stage work. note At the time of casting, all four cast members had just appeared in West End runs of new plays by Alan Ayckbourn - Briers and Eddington in Absurd Person Singular (not at the same time), Kendal and Keith in The Norman Conquests. [PAR] \"Blackmail\" Is Such an Ugly Word : Margo says almost exactly this line (minus \"such\") to her choir mistress in the series 1 episode \"The Pagan Rite\" regarding the fact that she, not the choir mistress, is the one baking gingerbread cookies for the meetings. [PAR] Butt Monkey : Margo - Deconstructed in one episode, where she tipsily pours her heart out about being fully aware of this trope ever since she was in school: [PAR] Margo: I never understood jokes ... so I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1995 Grand National Results 1995 Grand National Results [PAR] 1995 Grand National Results [PAR] /in Past Race Results /by Simone Wright [PAR] The winner of the 1995 Martell Grand National was Royal Athlete , a 12 year old trained by Jenny Pitman. The horse was ridden by Jason Titley and won by a distance of 7 lengths in a time of nine minutes and 4.1 seconds. It was trainer Jenny Pitman\u2019s second victory in the Grand National. [PAR] Jason Titley was the first rider to carry a sponsor\u2019s name \u2018Danka\u2019 on the winning silks. Forty runners were originally declared however by the day of the race five had been withdrawn leaving a field of thirty five. Red Rum had famously led the parade of competitors since 1979 but was unable to do so in 1995, due to old age and poor health. [PAR] Royal Athlete was one of six horses prepared for the race by Jenny Pitman , which at the time was the largest number of horses prepared for a Grand National, by one trainer. He was considered to be out of form at the time and his jockey Jason Titley was making his Grand National debut, he was sent off at 40/1. [PAR] Master Oats was the 5/1 favourite after having won the Welsh Grand National in December 1994 and the Cheltenham Gold Cup a month before. He was hoping to become the first horse for 61 years to win both the Gold Cup and Grand National in the same season. [PAR] Dubacilla was the 9/1 second favourite and was also hoping for a record as no mare had won the race for 43 years. She was ridden by Dean Gallagher but struggled to keep up in the early stages, however having made up ground in the final mile, she finished a respectable fourth. [PAR] Minnehoma at 11/1 and the previous years winner was a favourite with the public as was Party Politics the !992 winner. Its A Snip was sent off at 200/1 having been allocated six stones six pounds, it was the first horse in the race\u2019s history to start on such a low handicap. Carrying ten stones, the minimum allowed in the National, it\u2019s rider was unseated during the first circuit. [PAR] Tsuyoshi Tanaka became the first and so far only Japanese rider to take part in the Grand National. Japanese T.V. took great interest in the race and despite his mount The Committee, falling at the first fence, continues to televise the race live every year. [PAR] At the final fence Royal Athlete was in the lead with Party Politics and Master Oats in contention, coming into the last hundred yards at a sprint, he crossed the line leaving Party Politics second and Over The Deel a 100/1 shot in third place. [PAR] After the race trainer Jenny Pitman admitted she had been wrong to advise Royal Athlete\u2019s owners to forgo the Grand National in favour of the Scottish Grand National, which she had said, she thought the horse could win \u201cdoing triple toe loops\u201d, Royal Athlete collected a prize of \u00a3118,854. [PAR] FINISHING POSITION"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle - Inmemory Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle - Inmemory [PAR] Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle [PAR] Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle [PAR] Date Of Birth: [PAR] Send Memorial Gifts [PAR] Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle (November 21, 1643 \u2013 March 19, 1687) was a French explorer. [PAR] He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle claimed the entire Mississippi River basin for France. [PAR] Robert de La Salle was born on November 21, 1643, into a comfortably well-off family in Rouen, France, in the parish Saint-Herbland. When La Salle was younger he enjoyed science and nature. [PAR] As a man, he studied with the Jesuit religious order and became a member after taking initial vows in 1660.[a] At his request on March 27, 1667, after he was in Canada, he was released from the Society of Jesus after citing \u201cmoral weaknesses.\u201d Although he left the order, never took final vows in it, and later became hostile to it, historians sometimes described him incorrectly as a priest or a leader. [PAR] La Salle never married, but has been linked to Madeleine de Roybon d\u2019Allonne, an early settler of New France. He had an older brother named Jean who was a Sulpician priest. His parents were Jean Cavelier and Catherine Geest. [PAR] Required to reject his father\u2019s legacy when he joined the Jesuits, La Salle was nearly destitute when he traveled as a prospective colonist to North America. [PAR] He sailed for New France in the spring of 1666. His brother Jean, a Sulpician priest, had moved there the year before. La Salle was granted a seigneurie on land at the western end of the Island of Montreal, which became known as Lachine. (This was apparently from the French la Chine, meaning China. Some sources say the name referred to La Salle\u2019s desire to find a route to China, though the evidence for this claim is unclear and has been disputed.) [PAR] La Salle immediately began to issue land grants, set up a village and learn the languages of the native peoples, mostly Mohawk in this area. The Mohawk told him of a great river, called the Ohio, which flowed into the Mississippi River. Thinking the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, La Salle began to plan for expeditions to find a western passage to China. [PAR] He sought and received permission from Governor Daniel Courcelle and Intendant Jean Talon to embark on the enterprise. He sold his interests in Lachine to finance the venture. In 1682, he named the area Louisiana after King Louis XIV of France. [PAR] On July 12, 1673, the Governor of New France, Louis de Buade de Frontenac, arrived at the mouth of the Cataraqui River to meet with leaders of the Five Nations of the Iroquois to encourage them to trade with the French. While the groups met and exchanged gifts, Frontenac\u2019s men, led by Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier de La Salle, hastily constructed a rough wooden palisade on a point of land by a shallow, sheltered bay. [PAR] Originally the fort was named Fort Cataraqui but was later renamed Fort Frontenac by de La Salle in honor of La Salle\u2019s patron. [PAR] The purpose of Fort Frontenac was to control the lucrative fur trade in the Great Lakes Basin to the west. The fort was also meant to be a bulwark against the English and Dutch, who were competing with the French for control of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RMS Titanic - Titanic Database Wiki - Wikia RMS Titanic | Titanic Database Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Built in Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland, the RMS Titanic was the second of the three Olympic-class ocean liners \u2013 the others were the RMS Olympic and the HMHS Britannic (originally named Gigantic). [2] They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Line 's fleet, which comprised 29 steamers and tenders in 1912. [3] The three ships had their genesis in a discussion in mid-1907 between the White Star Line's chairman, J. Bruce Ismay , and the American financier J. Pierpont Morgan, who controlled the White Star Line's parent corporation, the International Mercantile Marine Co. Years earlier, in 1888, Pirrie had been in talks with Bruce Ismay's father Thomas Henry Ismay about the construction of a four funneled giant of these dimensions but it was decided no existing engine combination could power the behemoth. The White Star Line faced a growing challenge from its main rivals Cunard , which had just launched Lusitania and Mauretania \u2013 the fastest passenger ships then in service \u2013 and the German lines Hamburg America and Norddeutscher Lloyd. Ismay preferred to compete on size rather than speed and proposed to commission a new class of liners that would be bigger than anything that had gone before as well as being the last word in comfort and luxury. [4] The company sought an upgrade in their fleet primarily in response to the Cunard giants but also to replace their largest and now outclassed ships from 1890, the SS Teutonic and SS Majestic . The former was replaced by Olympic while Majestic was replaced by Titanic. Majestic would be brought back into her old spot on White Star's New York service after Titanic's loss. [PAR] The ships were constructed by the Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff , who had a long-established relationship with the White Star Line dating back to 1867. [5] Harland and Wolff were given a great deal of latitude in designing ships for the White Star Line; the usual approach was for the latter to sketch out a general concept which the former would take away and turn into a ship design. Cost considerations were relatively low on the agenda and Harland and Wolff was authorised to spend what it needed on the ships, plus a five percent profit margin. [5] In the case of the Olympic-class ships, a cost of \u00a33 million for the first two ships was agreed plus \"extras to contract\" and the usual five percent fee. [6] [PAR] Harland and Wolff put their leading designers to work designing the Olympic-class vessels. It was overseen by Lord Pirrie, a director of both Harland and Wolff and the White Star Line; naval architect Thomas Andrews , the managing director of Harland and Wolff's design department; Edward Wilding, Andrews' deputy and responsible for calculating the ship's design, stability and trim; and Alexander Carlisle, the shipyard's chief draughtsman and general manager. [7] Carlisle's responsibilities included the decorations, equipment and all general arrangements, including the implementation of an efficient lifeboat davit design. [lower-alpha 1] [PAR] On 29 July 1908, Harland and Wolff presented the drawings to J. Bruce Ismay and other White Star Line executives. Ismay approved the design and signed three \"letters of agreement\" two days later authorising the start of construction. [9] At this point the first ship \u2013 which was later to become Olympic \u2013 had no name, but was referred to simply as \"Number 400\", as it was Harland and Wolff's four"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roddy Doyle - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays Roddy Doyle - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays [PAR] Roddy Doyle [PAR] Author Born In Ireland#15 [PAR] About [PAR] Irish novelist known for his Barrytown trilogy and his stand alone novel Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha, which won the 1993 Booker Prize. [PAR] Before Fame [PAR] He earned a Bachelor's degree from University College Dublin and worked for several years as a teacher before turning his focus to writing."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George and Barbara Bush celebrate 70th wedding anniversary ... George and Barbara Bush celebrate 70th wedding anniversary | Fox News [PAR] George and Barbara Bush celebrate 70th wedding anniversary [PAR] Published January 06, 2015 [PAR] Facebook 0 Twitter 0 livefyre Email Print [PAR] Former President George H.W. Bush and first lady Barbara Bush are marking a milestone in their love story this Tuesday, celebrating 70 years of marriage. [PAR] The longest-wed presidential couple set the record in 2000 when they surpassed John and Abigail Adam\u2019s 54-year union. [PAR] Their story began when they met at a Christmas dance at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., when the future president was 16 years old. A year and a half later, the couple was engaged, right before President Bush shipped out overseas to fight in World War II as a naval pilot. [PAR] A few years later, in Sept. 1944, Bush was sent home after he was shot down and nearly killed during a mission over the Pacific. A few months later, Bush and then Barbara Pierce were married in Rye, N.Y. on Jan. 6, 1945. The future president was 20 and Barbara was 19. They would have six children--one of whom died as a toddler--, including future President George W. Bush. [PAR] \u201cI married the first man I ever kissed,\u201d Barbara once said. \u201cWhen I tell my children that they just about throw up.\u201d [PAR] Seventy years ago this very day, Barbara Pierce of Rye, NY made me the happiest, and luckiest, man on earth. pic.twitter.com/rgZqpL9XfE[DOC] [TLE] Barbara Pierce Bush | whitehouse.gov Barbara Pierce Bush | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Barbara Pierce Bush [PAR] After serving as Second Lady from 1981 to 1989, Barbara Pierce Bush served as First Lady of the United States when her husband George H. W. Bush won the Presidency. She is also the mother of the 43rd President, George W. Bush, and of Florida's 43rd Governor, Jeb Bush. [PAR] Rarely has a First Lady been greeted by the American people and the press with the approbation and warmth accorded to Barbara Pierce Bush. Perhaps this is prompted by the image she calls \"everybody's grandmother.\" People are comfortable with her white hair, her warm, relaxed manner, and her keen wit. With characteristic directness, she says people like her because they know \"I'm fair and I like children and I adore my husband.\" [PAR] Barbara was born in 1925 to Pauline and Marvin Pierce, who later became president of McCall Corporation. In the suburban town of Rye, New York, she had a happy childhood. She went to boarding school at Ashley Hall in South Carolina, and it was at a dance during Christmas vacation when she was only 16 that she met George Bush, a senior at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. They became engaged a year and a half later, just before he went off to war as a Navy torpedo bomber pilot. By the time George returned on leave, Barbara had dropped out of Smith College. Two weeks later, on January 6, 1945, they were married. [PAR] After the war, George graduated from Yale, and they set out for Texas to start their lives together. Six children were born to them: George, Robin, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy. Meanwhile, George built a business in the oil industry. With Texas as home base, he then turned to politics and public service, serving as a member of Congress, U. S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, Chief of the U. S. Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China, Director"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Cube Root of 343 - Easycalculation.com Cube root of 343 [PAR] Theorems [PAR] What is Cube Root of 343 ? [PAR] 343 is said to be a perfect cube because 7 x 7 x 7 is equal to 343. Since 343 is a whole number, it is a perfect cube. The nearest previous perfect cube is 216 and the nearest next perfect cube is 512 .[DOC] [TLE] Cubes and Cube Roots - Maths is Fun Cubes and Cube Roots [PAR] Cubes and Cube Roots [PAR] To understand cube roots, first we must understand cubes ... [PAR] How to Cube A Number [PAR] To cube a number, just use it in a multiplication 3 times ... [PAR] Example: What is 3 Cubed? [PAR] 3 Cubed [PAR] Note: we write down \"3 Cubed\" as 33 [PAR] (the little 3 means the number appears three times in multiplying) [PAR] Some More Cubes [PAR] A cube root goes the other direction: [PAR] 3 cubed is 27, so the cube root of 27 is 3 [PAR] 3 [PAR] The cube root of a number is ... [PAR] ... a special value that when cubed gives the original number. [PAR] The cube root of 27 is ... [PAR] ... 3, because when 3 is cubed you get 27. [PAR] [PAR] Note: When you see \"root\" think [PAR] \"I know the tree, but what is the root that produced it?\" [PAR] In this case the tree is \"27\", and the cube root is \"3\". [PAR] Here are some more cubes and cube roots: [PAR] 4 [PAR] 216 [PAR] Example: What is the Cube root of 125? [PAR] Well, we just happen to know that 125 = 5 \u00d7 5 \u00d7 5 (if you use 5 three times in a multiplication you will get 125) ... [PAR] ... so the answer is 5 [PAR] The Cube Root Symbol [PAR] This is the special symbol that means \"cube root\", it is the \"radical\" symbol (used for square roots) with a little three to mean cube root. [PAR] You can use it like this: [PAR] (we say \"the cube root of 27 equals 3\") [PAR] [PAR] You Can Also Cube Negative Numbers [PAR] Have a look at this: [PAR] When we cube 5 we get 125: [PAR] [PAR] When we cube \u22125 we get \u2212125: [PAR] [PAR] So the cube root of \u2212125 is \u22125 [PAR] Perfect Cubes [PAR] The Perfect Cubes are the cubes of the whole numbers : [PAR] [PAR] 3375 [PAR] ... [PAR] It is easy to work out the cube root of a perfect cube, but it is really hard to work out other cube roots. [PAR] Example: what is the cube root of 30? [PAR] Well, 3 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 3 = 27 and 4 \u00d7 4 \u00d7 4 = 64, so we can guess the answer is between 3 and 4. [PAR] Let's try 3.5: 3.5 \u00d7 3.5 \u00d7 3.5 = 42.875 [PAR] Let's try 3.2: 3.2 \u00d7 3.2 \u00d7 3.2 = 32.768 [PAR] Let's try 3.1: 3.1 \u00d7 3.1 \u00d7 3.1 = 29.791 [PAR] We are getting closer, but very slowly ... at this point, I get out my calculator and it says: [PAR] 3.1072325059538588668776624275224... [PAR] ... but the digits just go on and on, without any pattern. So even the calculator's answer is only an approximation ! [PAR] (Further reading: these kind of numbers are called surds which are a special type of irrational number )"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] City of Linz - Linz, welcome City of Linz - Linz, welcome [PAR] Linz is a UNESCO City of Media Arts [PAR] The contemporary Danube city that looks to the future [PAR] In 2016, the European Capital of Culture 2009 invites its visitors to discover Linz as a contemporary city that looks to the future. The aim of Linz Tourismus is to enable guests to experience the UNESCO City of Media Arts with all their senses. An impetus for internationalisation that is a great opportunity for the Danube city. That\u2019s why the tourist board has also decided to make the theme of media arts the focus for tourism in the Creative City for 2016. [PAR] Linz is a symbiosis as a city of industry, culture and nature, and an international, contemporary Creative City \u2013 surrounded by stunning natural landscapes. The city\u2019s designation as a UNESCO City of Media Arts shows that Linz, together with Lyon, Sapporo, Tel Aviv and Dakar, is one of the world\u2019s most future-orientated locations. In addition to pioneering technology and visionary media arts, the city offers a variety of historical and cultural highlights, as well as culinary delights. [PAR] Diverse media arts activities are already being planned and carried out, such as a series of three dialogues in Linz\u2018s Kepler Salon beginning in November 2015, a virtual City of Media Arts tour and a cooperation project with the museum of the future, Ars Electronica Center. [PAR] http://www.aec.at/aeblog/en/2015/01/13/linz-als-pionierstadt-der-medienkunst/ [PAR] Media arts highlights in the UNESCO City of Media Arts [PAR] The main players in the UNESCO City of Media Arts include Ars Electronica Center and Creative Region GmbH, the Tabakfabrik, the OK Offenes Kulturhaus, Linz Uni-versity of Arts and Industrial Design, Hagenberg University of Applied Sciences, the Johannes Kepler University, the Anton Bruckner Private University, and many educational institutions and training facilities. The independent scene is also integrated, with organisations such as Time\u2019s Up, Stadtwerkstatt, Radio FRO and dorf tv. [PAR] Only cities that can demonstrate extraordinary achievements in one of the catego-ries of literature, film, music, crafts and folk art, gastronomy, design or media arts are accepted by UNESCO into the Creative Cities Network. [PAR] Ars Electronica Center [PAR] Highlights include Ars Electronica Center \u2013 a gravitational centre for pioneering technology and visionary media arts \u2013 with its annual festival in September and the renowned Prix Ars Electronica. The digital archive of Ars Electronica is the largest archive in the world for the genesis of cyber arts. [PAR] Ars Electronica Festival [PAR] The first Ars Electronica Festival and the first visualisierte Klangwolke (clouds of sound) were staged as early as 1979. [PAR] Christoph Lindinger, co-director of the Ars Electronica Futurelab, one of the architects behind the recently designated UNESCO City of Media Arts: \u201cIt is precisely because Linz focused on the connection between technology, arts and the participation of the population earlier than any other city that the many creatives, technology researchers and guests here in Linz were never only commentators on current events, but were also always pioneers and relevant co-creators of a technological revolution which, with the Internet, social media and other digital tools, has been part of our everyday life for a long time.\" [PAR] Prix Ars Electronica \u2013 world-renowned media arts prize [PAR] The Prix Ars Electronica has the world\u2019s longest tradition as a media arts competition. Tim Berners-Lee, for instance, the inventor of the World Wide Web, was awarded the renowned Linz media arts prize by Ars Electronica in 1995 for his hypertext concept \u2013 the first prize he had ever received for this. In the same year, Ars"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Taurus Zodiac Sign Symbol: Its Meaning and Origin Taurus Zodiac Sign Symbol: Its Meaning and Origin [PAR] Get a free online I Ching reading. The 64 hexagrams of the ancient Chinese I Ching, The Book of Change, and what they mean in divination. [PAR] Books by Stefan Stenudd: [PAR] Tarot Unfolded [PAR] The imaginative reading of the Tarot divination cards focuses on what impressions the images and their symbols give. Several spreads are presented, as well as the meanings of all the 78 cards and their pictures. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] Life Energy Encyclopedia [PAR] Qi (chi), prana, pneuma, spiritus, and all the other life force concepts around the world explained and compared. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] Cosmos of the Ancients [PAR] All the philosophers of Ancient Greece and what they thought about cosmology, myth, religion and the gods. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] Sunday Brunch with the World Maker [PAR] Fiction. A brunch conversation slips into the mysterious, soon to burst beyond the realm of possibility. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] The Taurus Symbol [PAR] Its Origin and Meaning in Astrology [PAR] The above image is the established symbol (also called glyph) for the Zodiac sign Taurus, the Bull. It's a simple representation of the head of a bull, with its horns. Both the Zodiac sign and its symbol have been along for ages. [PAR] The Zodiac division of the ecliptic into twelve parts, each assigned a Zodiac sign, is probably of Babylonian (Mesopotamia) origin. They were very early with astrology, mapping the sky and noting planetary movements thousands of years ago. [PAR] The Zodiac, very much like the one we know today, might have emerged in Mesopotamia around 1000 BC. But Babylonian astrology is probably far older than that. [PAR] No Bull at First [PAR] The Babylonians didn't connect this Zodiac sign to the Bull, though. They called the constellation The Steer of Heaven. But already in Classical Greece, the Bull was established as the name of the sign and the constellation. [PAR] It's not that easy to see a bull in the constellation of Taurus. Most images of it mark the horns by connecting a couple of the stars, but that's about it. The rest is up to the imagination. Several of the Zodiac constellations are equally vague. Here's the constellation Taurus, with the image of the Bull added to it in a typical fashion: [PAR] As you can see, the formation of the stars doesn't support the idea of a bull very convincingly. The reason for the choice is, as far as I know, buried in history. [PAR] Below is an antique illustration of the same constellation, where the figure of the bull has also been added. It's from a 17th century book: Firmamentum sobiescianum, by Johannes Hevelius, 1690. [PAR] Taurus in Ink [PAR] Below is an ink version of the symbol for Taurus, which I did a number of years back in an experiment of using Japanese ink calligraphy (shodo) for old European astrology symbols. I've used these pictures on my astrology websites, mainly for fun and for the odd graphic effect, and I've seen them copied all over the Internet. I'm fine with that, although I think it wouldn't hurt if the source was mentioned. Well, what to do? [PAR] Anyway, here's that ink again, this time in the original black and white (click on the image to see a bigger version): [PAR] Taurus the Sign [PAR] As for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] OLYMPICS / Barcelona 1992: Rowing: Searle brothers surge ... OLYMPICS / Barcelona 1992: Rowing: Searle brothers surge through to gold | The Independent [PAR] OLYMPICS / Barcelona 1992: Rowing: Searle brothers surge through to gold [PAR] Sunday 2 August 1992 23:02 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] THE SEARLE brothers, Greg and Jonny, gave Britain its second rowing gold in the most spectacular fashion here yesterday. Coming from behind in the coxed pairs, they overhauled another team of brothers, Carmine and Giuseppe Abbagnale, in the last few strokes of the race. [PAR] The Italians, seven times world champions and one of the great crews in rowing history, had built up a lead of four and a half seconds at the half-way stage. Dumitru Popescu and Nicolai Taga, of Romania, were in second place and the Searles in third. [PAR] However, Greg, 20, and Jonny, 23, seem to have been convinced all their lives that they would one day take the top prize in sport, and take it together. In an extraordinary climax to the race they drove to the finish line, cutting the deficit of a boat's length in the last 200 metres and racing the Italians to a halt. It was as striking a reversal of the old order as any in rowing. [PAR] 'Everything was going black at the end,' Greg, the 15st 11lb powerhouse, said. 'But being brothers we both switched into the same autopilot and got moving. There is no one I would rather row with and no one I would trust more than Jonny. We have always been competitive with each other and now it's brilliant to be on the same side.' [PAR] Underlining their effort, their cox, Garry Herbert, a 22-year-old history student, said: 'I wanted them to be prepared to die for us, and they nearly did.' [PAR] 'Garry was brilliant,' Greg said. 'He told us exactly where the Italians were and he really motivated us with things like: 'If not now, when? If not you, who? How much do you want this?' We knew then that we wanted it more than them.' [PAR] The brothers from Chertsey, Surrey, are coached by Steve Gunn, who should have spent this summer teaching at Hampton School, where the Searles first learned their rowing. [PAR] Instead Gunn chose to drop almost everything to take his former pupils to their first Olympics. He knew they would win if it was close enough for them to make a fight of it. 'How many races like that has Jonny won for me over the last seven years or so?' he said. [PAR] It was when Jonny began to win medals after taking up the sport at school that his younger brother forsook rugby for rowing and went on to match his brother's achievements by winning junior world gold medals in 1989 and 1990. [PAR] The brothers raced together for the first time in the eights in 1990, when they came fourth in the world championships. In 1991 they took bronze, still in the eights, before switching to the coxed pairs this year. [PAR] Gunn resumed his work with the brothers after their victory over Britain's other gold medallists, Steven Redgrave and Matthew Pinsent, in the Olympic trials at Nottingham in April. [PAR] The spectators thought the Abbagnales would stay ahead yesterday because the Searles had not yet shown in the regatta sufficient speed to catch them. But few knew that Jonny broke a rib in their famous victory over Redgrave and Pinsent. [PAR] For five weeks he carried the injury, but after an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] celebrity insults about famous men celebrity insults about famous men [PAR] Don't be so humble, you're not that great. [PAR] - - - Golda Meir (to Moshe Dayan) [PAR] Do you mind if I sit back a little? Because your breath is very bad. [PAR] - - - Donald Trump (to Larry King) [PAR] I'm not having points taken off me by an incompetent old fool. You're the pits of the world. [PAR] - - - John McEnroe (to tennis judge Edward James) [PAR] You can't see as well as these fucking flowers - and they're fucking plastic. [PAR] - - - John McEnroe (to a line judge) [PAR] What other problems do you have besides being unemployed, a moron and a dork? [PAR] - - - John McEnroe (to a spectator at a tennis match) [PAR] You're like a pay toilet, aren't you? You don't give a shit for nothing. [PAR] - - - Howard Hughes (to Robert Mitchum) [PAR] Who picks your clothes - Stevie Wonder? [PAR] - - - Don Rickles (to David Letterman on 02/5/96 \"Late Show\") [PAR] He has never been known to use a word that might send a reader to the dictionary. [PAR] - - - William Faulkner (about Ernest Hemingway) [PAR] Poor Faulkner. Does he really think big emotions come from big words? [PAR] - - - Ernest Hemingway (about William Faulkner) [PAR] He's phony, using his blackness to get his way. [PAR] - - - Joe Frazier (about Muhammad Ali) [PAR] Joe Frazier is so ugly he should donate his face to the US Bureau of Wildlife. [PAR] - - - Muhammad Ali [PAR] His writing is limited to songs for dead blondes. [PAR] - - - Keith Richards (about Elton John) [PAR] I'm glad I've given up drugs and alcohol. It would be awful to be like Keith Richards. He's pathetic. It's like a monkey with arthritis, trying to go on stage and look young. I have great respect for the Stones but they would have been better if they had thrown Keith out 15 years ago. [PAR] - - - Elton John (about Keith Richards) [PAR] If I were married to you, I'd put poison in your coffee. [PAR] - - - Lady Astor (to Winston Churchill) [PAR] If you were my wife, I'd drink it. [PAR] - - - Winston Churchill, in reply [PAR] You will either die on the gallows or of a loathsome disease. [PAR] - - - John Montague (to John Wilkes) [PAR] That depends on whether I embrace your principles or your mistress. [PAR] - - - John Wilkes, in reply [PAR] Do you mind if I smoke? [PAR] - - - Oscar Wilde (to Sarah Bernhardt) [PAR] I don't care if you burn. [PAR] - - - Sarah Bernhardt, in reply [PAR] My dear Whistler, you leave your pictures in such a sketchy, unfinished state. Why don't you ever finish them? [PAR] - - - Frederic Leighton (to James McNeill Whistler) [PAR] My dear Leighton, why do you ever begin yours? [PAR] - - - James McNeill Whistler, in reply [PAR] Insulting comments about famous actors [PAR] He's the type of man who will end up dying in his own arms. [PAR] - - - Mamie Van Doren (about Warren Beatty) [PAR] You're so vain. You probably think this song is about you. [PAR] - - - Carly Simon (about Warren Beatty) [PAR] The only reason he had a child is so that he can meet babysitters. [PAR] - - - David Letterman (about Warren Beatty, 1991) [PAR] What makes him"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver's Story (1978) - IMDb Oliver's Story (1978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] | Drama , Romance | 27 April 1979 (Finland) [PAR] In this sequel to Love Story (1970), grieving Oliver is being pressured by his in-laws to move on and take part in the family business. He meets a pretty heiress and they start dating, but memories of Jennie come rushing back. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 101 titles [PAR] created 05 Dec 2010 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 11 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 54 titles [PAR] created 13 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 2455 titles [PAR] created 04 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 73 titles [PAR] created 05 Jul 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Oliver's Story \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In this sequel to Love Story (1970), grieving Oliver is being pressured by his in-laws to move on and take part in the family business. He meets a pretty heiress and they start dating, but memories of Jennie come rushing back. [PAR] It takes someone very special to help you forget someone very special. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 27 April 1979 (Finland) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] A Hist\u00f3ria de Oliver See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The hotel in Hong Kong is the same exterior used in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974). See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Oliver drives to his father's retirement party. It is clearly winter since there are no leaves on the trees. He stays overnight at his father's house. The next morning the scene in the kitchen shows that it is now spring or summer, since there are now leaves on the trees (not evergreens) outside the windows. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] (Victoria, BC) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] The (belated) sequel to \"Love Story\", \"Oliver's Story\" was rejected by audiences at the box office, and it's all but forgotten today, even with it being released on both VHS and DVD. Watching it, it's pretty easy to figure out why. For one thing, it's hard to sympathize with Oliver; while he has lost his wife, he is rich and with a good job, and he just silently mopes around instead of expressing anguish or sadness. Not surprisingly, O'Neal performance is lacklustre. While Candace Bergman actually give a better performance than most of the other movies she made in the '70s, she lacks spark and spirit. What on earth do these two people see in each other? And the end of the movie is very unsatisfying, leaving the characters' plot threads in the air. The only real good thing about the movie is Ray Milland, though he only makes a few brief appearances. [PAR] 11 of 13 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James and the Giant Peach - Roald Dahl James and the Giant Peach - Roald Dahl [PAR] Roald Dahl [PAR] James and the Giant Peach [PAR] Published in 1961 [PAR] Background [PAR] Background [PAR] James Henry Trotter lives with his two horrid aunts, Spiker and Sponge. He hasn't got a single friend in the whole wide world. That is not, until he meets the Old Green Grasshopper and the rest of the insects aboard a giant, magical peach! [PAR] James and the Giant Peach was Roald Dahl's first classic novel for children. Although The Gremlins is sometimes referred to as an earlier example of his writing for children, James was Roald's first conscious attempt to write for a younger audience after several years of writing primarily adult short stories. Roald started writing it in 1959 after encouragement from his agent, Sheila St Lawrence. [PAR] In the orchard at Roald's home in the Buckinghamshire countryside, there was a cherry tree. Seeing this tree made him wonder: what if, one day, one of those cherries just kept on and on growing bigger and bigger? From giant cherries Roald also considered ever-increasing pears and even apples, but eventually settled on a giant peach as the method for James's magical journey. The book is dedicated to his two eldest daughters, Olivia and Tessa. It was first published in 1961 to glowing reviews and marked the beginning of his prolific career as a children's author. [PAR] James and the Giant Peach is still a favourite more than 50 years later. In 1996, an animated film version featuring the voices of Simon Callow, Richard Dreyfuss, Joanna Lumley, Miriam Margolyes, Pete Postlethwaite and Susan Sarandon was released, while David Wood's theatrical adaptation remains popular, playing across the UK. [PAR] Find out more about the period in Roald Dahl's life during which he wrote James and the Giant Peach[DOC] [TLE] James and the Giant Peach (1996) - IMDb James and the Giant Peach (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 2 January 2017 8:47 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] James and the Giant Peach ( 1996 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] An orphan, who lives with his two cruel aunts, befriends anthropomorphic bugs who live inside a giant peach, and they embark on a journey to New York City. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Roald Dahl (based on the book by), Karey Kirkpatrick (screenplay) | 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 31 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 19 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 13 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 11 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 26 Jul 2014 [PAR] Title: James and the Giant Peach (1996) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Story of a wonderful little girl, who happens to be a genius, and her wonderful teacher vs. the worst parents ever and the worst school principal imaginable. [PAR] Director: Danny DeVito [PAR] Jack"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rigid Gas Permeable ( RGP ) Contact Lenses - Food and Drug ... Types of Contact Lenses [PAR] Types of Contact Lenses [PAR] Decorative (Plano) Contact Lenses [PAR] Soft Contact Lenses [PAR] Soft contact lenses are made of soft, flexible plastics that allow oxygen to pass through to the cornea. Soft contact lenses may be easier to adjust to and are more comfortable than rigid gas permeable lenses. Newer soft lens materials include silicone-hydrogels to provide more oxygen to your eye while you wear your lenses. [PAR] [ back to top ] [PAR] Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) Contact Lenses [PAR] Rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGPs) are more durable and resistant to deposit buildup, and generally give a clearer, crisper vision. They tend to be less expensive over the life of the lens since they last longer than soft contact lenses. They are easier to handle and less likely to tear. However, they are not as comfortable initially as soft contacts and it may take a few weeks to get used to wearing RGPs, compared to several days for soft contacts. [PAR] [ back to top ] [PAR] Extended Wear Contact Lenses [PAR] Extended wear contact lenses are available for overnight or continuous wear ranging from one to six nights or up to 30 days. Extended wear contact lenses are usually soft contact lenses. They are made of flexible plastics that allow oxygen to pass through to the cornea. There are also a very few rigid gas permeable lenses that are designed and approved for overnight wear. Length of continuous wear depends on lens type and your eye care professional\u2019s evaluation of your tolerance for overnight wear. It\u2019s important for the eyes to have a rest without lenses for at least one night following each scheduled removal. [PAR] [ back to top] [PAR] Disposable (Replacement Schedule) Contact Lenses [PAR] The majority of soft contact lens wearers are prescribed some type of frequent replacement schedule. \u201cDisposable,\u201d as defined by the FDA, means used once and discarded. With a true daily wear disposable schedule, a brand new pair of lenses is used each day. [PAR] Some soft contact lenses are referred to as \u201cdisposable\u201d by contact lens sellers, but actually, they are for frequent/planned replacement. With extended wear lenses, the lenses may be worn continuously for the prescribed wearing period (for example, 7 days to 30 days) and then thrown away. When you remove your lenses, make sure to clean and disinfect them properly before reinserting. [PAR] [ back to top ] [PAR] Specialized Uses of Contact lenses [PAR] Conventional contact lenses correct vision in the same way that glasses do, only they are in contact with the eye. Two types of lenses that serve a different purpose are orthokeratology lenses and decorative (plano) lenses . [PAR] Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) [PAR] Orthokeratology, or Ortho-K, is a lens fitting procedure that uses specially designed rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses to change the curvature of the cornea to temporarily improve the eye\u2019s ability to focus on objects. This procedure is primarily used for the correction of myopia (nearsightedness). [PAR] Overnight Ortho-K lenses are the most common type of Ortho-K. There are some Ortho-K lenses that are prescribed only for daytime wear. Overnight Ortho-K lenses are commonly prescribed to be worn while sleeping for at least eight hours each night. They are removed upon awakening and not worn during the day. Some people can go all day without their glasses or contact lenses. Others will find that their vision correction will wear off during the day. [PAR] The vision correction effect is temporary."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World War I - Battle of Caporetto on the Italian Front World War I - Battle of Caporetto on the Italian Front [PAR] World War I [PAR] World War I: Battle of Caporetto [PAR] German troops at the Battle of Caporetto. Photograph Source: Public Domain [PAR] Battle of Caporetto - Conflict & Dates: [PAR] The Battle of Caporetto was fought October 24-November 19, 1917, during World War I (1914-1918). [PAR] Armies & Commanders [PAR] 25 divisions, 2,200 guns [PAR] Battle of Caporetto - Background: [PAR] With the conclusion of the Eleventh Battle of Isonzo in September 1917, Austro-Hungarian forces were nearing the point of collapse in the area around Gorizia. Faced with this crisis, Emperor Charles I sought aid from his German allies. Though the Germans felt that the war would be won on the Western Front, they agreed to provide troops and support for a limited offensive designed to throw the Italians back across the Isonzo River and, if possible, past the Tagliamento River. For this purpose, the composite Austro-German Fourteenth Army was formed under the command of General Otto von Below. [PAR] Battle of Caporetto - Preparations: [PAR] In September, the Italian commander-in-chief, General Luigi Cadorna, became aware that an enemy offensive was in the offing. As a result, he ordered the commanders of the Second and Third Armies, Generals Luigi Capello and Emmanuel Philibert, to begin preparing defenses in depth to meet any attack. Having issued these orders, Cadorna failed to see that they were obeyed and instead began an inspection tour of other fronts which lasted until October 19. On the Second Army front, Capello did little as he preferred to plan for an offensive in the Tolmino area. [PAR] Further weakening Cadorna's situation was an insistence on keeping the bulk of the two armies' troops on the east bank of the Isonzo despite the fact that the enemy still held crossings to the north. As a result, these troops were in prime position to be cut off by an Austro-German attack down the Isonzo Valley. In addition, the Italian reserves on the west bank were placed too far to the rear to rapidly aid the front lines. For the upcoming offensive, Below intended to launch the main assault with the Fourteenth Army from a salient near Tolmino. [PAR] This was to be supported by secondary attacks to the north and south, as well as by an offensive near the coast by General Svetozar Boroevic's Second Army. The assault was to be preceded by a heavy artillery bombardment as well as the use of poison gas and smoke. Also, Below intended to employ a substantial number of storm troopers which were to use infiltration tactics to pierce the Italian lines. With planning complete, Below began shifting his troops into place. This done, the offensive commenced with the opening bombardment which began before dawn on October 24. [PAR] Battle of Caporetto - The Italians Routed: [PAR] Caught by complete surprise, Capello's men suffered badly from the shelling and gas attacks. Advancing between Tolmino and Plezzo, Below's troops were able to quickly shatter the Italian lines and began driving west. Bypassing Italian strong points, the Fourteenth Army advanced over 15 miles by nightfall. Surrounded and isolated, the Italian posts in its rear were reduced in the coming days. Elsewhere, the Italian lines held and were able to turn back Below's secondary attacks, while the Third Army held Boroevic in check ( Map ). [PAR] Despite these minor successes, Below's advance threatened the flanks of the Italian troops to the north and south. Alerted to the enemy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gracie Mansion is the official residence of the mayor of ... Gracie Mansion is the official residence of the mayor of the City of New York, New York [PAR] Gracie Mansion is the official residence of the mayor of the City of New York, New York [PAR] Date Created/Published: [between 1980 and 2006] [PAR] Medium: 1 transparency : color ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller [PAR] Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-highsm-13941 (digital file from original) LC-HS503-3089 (color film transparency) [PAR] Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. [PAR] Call Number: LC-HS503- 3089 (ONLINE) [P&P] [PAR] Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print [PAR] Notes: [PAR] Built during 1799, the mansion is located in Carl Schurz Park, at East End Avenue and Eighty-eighth Street in Manhattan. The mansion is on the shore of the East River. [PAR] Digital image produced by Carol M. Highsmith to represent her original film transparency; some details may differ between the film and the digital images. [PAR] Title, date, subject note, and keywords provided by the photographer. [PAR] Credit line: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. [PAR] Gift and purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2011; (DLC/PP-2011:124). [PAR] Forms part of the Selects Series in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive. [PAR] Subjects: [PAR] Part of: Highsmith, Carol M., 1946- Carol M. Highsmith Archive. [PAR] Bookmark This Record: [PAR] View the MARC Record for this item. [PAR] Rights assessment is your responsibility. [PAR] The Library of Congress generally does not own rights to material in its collections and, therefore, cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. For further rights information, see \"Rights Information\" below and the Rights and Restrictions Information page ( http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/rights.html ). [PAR] Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. [PAR] Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-highsm-13941 (digital file from original) LC-HS503-3089 (color film transparency) [PAR] Call Number: LC-HS503- 3089 (ONLINE) [P&P] [PAR] Medium: 1 transparency : color ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller [PAR] Rights assessment is your responsibility. [PAR] Some images in this collection are described in groups; others are described individually. In some cases, all of the images in the group display online, in other cases they do not. [PAR] You can download online images yourself. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types. [PAR] Determine whether the desired materials can be retrieved online. [PAR] Look in the Medium field above to determine whether the description is for one photograph or more than one. [PAR] If the description is for a single item and it is displaying, you can download or purchase a print. Cite the number that begins with \"LC-DIG...\" when purchasing copies through Library of Congress Duplication Services. [PAR] If the description is for more than one item and there is a \"Click for more images\" icon displaying, select that. Individual images will display; you can download or purchase prints. Cite the number that begins with \"LC-DIG...\" when purchasing copies through Library of Congress Duplication Services. [PAR] If the description is for more than one item and there is no \"Click for more images\" icon displaying, return to the \"About this Item\" tab and select the \"Check for online items from this group\" link. Then select the \"Obtaining Copies\" tab for any retrieved items that are of interest. [PAR] If the images do not display online -- Select images for reproduction through one of these methods: [PAR] Visit the Prints & Photographs Reading Room and request to view the group (general information about service in the reading room is available at: http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/info/001_ref.html ). [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 8th Hole : Old Course : Royal Troon Golf Club 8th Hole : Old Course : Royal Troon Golf Club [PAR] PAR 3 [PAR] Hole Overview [PAR] Originally called \"Ailsa\" because there is a perfect view of the rocky islet of that name, from the tee. The smallness of the putting surface accounted for the current name when William Park writing in \"Golf Illustrated\" said, \" A pitching surface skimmed down to the size of a Postage Stamp\". [PAR] Much has been written about the famous eighth hole at Royal Troon, aptly named the \"Postage Stamp\". The tee is on high ground and a dropping shot is played over a gully to a long but extremely narrow green set into the side of a large sandhill. Two bunkers protect the left side of the green while a large crater bunker shields the approach. Any mistake on the right will find one of the two deep bunkers with near vertical faces. There is no safe way to play this hole, the ball must find the green with the tee-shot. Many top players have come to grief at this the shortest hole in Open Championship golf. [PAR] Hole Stats"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EN: Home: Verbier.ch Site officiel de l'office du tourisme de Verbier/Val de Bagnes [PAR] Site officiel de l'office du tourisme de Verbier/Val de Bagnes [PAR] Office du tourisme de Verbier [PAR] Place centrale 2 [PAR] Newsletter Brochures PRO Emplois & Annonces [PAR] Patrie du ski freeride en hiver et du VTT en \u00e9t\u00e9, la destination de Verbier/Val de Bagnes est rattach\u00e9e aux 4 Vall\u00e9es, le plus grand domaine skiable des Alpes suisses. [PAR] La station de Verbier (1500m) doit sa renomm\u00e9e aux nombreux \u00e9v\u00e9nements internationaux qu'elle accueille chaque ann\u00e9e: du c\u00e9l\u00e9bre festival de musique classique Verbier Festival \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tition freeride Xtreme de Verbier en passant par la l\u00e9gendaire Patrouille des Glaciers, course de ski alpinisme qui traverse les paysages mythiques du Valais."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britannia Articles: King Arthur's Sword, Excalibur A Discussion of the Origins of King Arthur's Sword [PAR] By David Nash Ford [PAR] EXCALIBUR [PAR] The Tradition: The Name \"Excalibur\" was first used for King Arthur 's sword by the French Romancers. It was not the famous \"Sword in the Stone\" (which broke in battle), but a second sword acquired by the King through the intercession of his druidic advisor, Merddyn ( Merlin ). Worried that Arthur would fall in battle, Merlin took the King to a magical lake where a mysterious hand thrust itself up from the water, holding aloft a magnificent sword. It was the Lady of the Lake offering Arthur a magic unbreakable blade, fashioned by an Avalonian elf smith, along with a scabbard which would protect him as long as he wore it. [PAR] Towards the end of his reign, during the troubled times of Medrod's rebellion, Excalibur was stolen by Arthur's wicked half-sister, Morgan le Fay . Though it was recovered, the scabbard was lost forever. Thus Arthur was mortally wounded at the Battle of Camlann. The King then instructed Bedwyr (or Girflet) to return Excalibur to the lake from whence it came. However, when questioned about the circumstances of its return, Bedwyr claimed to have seen nothing unusual. Arthur therefore knew that Bedwyr had kept Excalibur for himself and sent him back to the Lake once more. Hurling the sword into the misty waters this time, Bedwyr saw the mystic hand appear to catch Excalibur and draw it beneath the rippling waters for the last time. [PAR] The Name: The earliest Arthurian stories give the name of King Arthur's sword as Caladfwlch, a Welsh word derived from Calad-Bolg meaning \"Hard Lightning\". Later it developed to become the Caliburn of Geoffrey and Monmouth and finally the Frenchified Excalibur that we know today. [PAR] Ancient Origins: Legendary figures throughout the World are associated with magical swords, often the symbol of their Kingship. It is interesting to note that Curtana, a 17th century successor of the original sword of Ogier the Dane, is still used at the British Coronation to this day. King Arthur's tale has particular similarities to the Norse Legend of Sigurd, but even closer parallels can be drawn with the Irish hero, C\u00fa Chulainn who also bore a sword named Caladbolg. Such swords were usually said to have been forged by an elfan smith. In Saxon mythology his name is Wayland, but to the Celts he was Gofannon. He is also to be identified with the Roman Vulcan and Greek Hephaestus who made magical weapons for the Muses to give to Perseus, and for Thetis to give to Achilles. The later surrender of the sword is well known as a universal symbol of defeat. Here it is emblematic of death itself. [PAR] The deposition of swords, weaponry and other valuables in sacred lakes and rivers was a popular practice amongst the Celtic peoples. Strabo records such rituals near Toulouse and notes that other sacred lakes existed throughout Europe. Gregory of Tours alludes to a three-day festival of deposition at Lake G\u00e9vaudan in the Cevennes. Some scholars believe that such rituals were part of Celtic funerary rites. Archaeolgical finds of exotic metalwork deposits at Llyn Fawr in Morgannwg include axes and sickles of around 600 bc. Further weaponry was discovered Llyn Cerrig Bach on Ynys Mon (Anglesey) dating from the 2nd century bc to the 1st century AD. Celtic Iron-Age deposits in rivers are too numerous to count. Especially well known are the superb Battersea Shield and Waterloo Helmet from the Thames. This major British"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] philography: meaning and definitions - Infoplease philography: meaning and definitions [PAR] the collecting of autographs, esp. those of famous persons. [PAR] Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright \u00a9 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aerial view highest chalk sea cliffs in Britain - Beachy ... Aerial view highest chalk sea cliffs in Britain - Beachy Head Eastbourne - YouTube [PAR] Aerial view highest chalk sea cliffs in Britain - Beachy Head Eastbourne [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 25, 2016 [PAR] Check out this amazing view of the cliffs of Beachy Head, shot by a DJI Phantom 3 Drone. [PAR] Beachy Head is a chalk headland in East Sussex, England. It is situated close to Eastbourne, immediately east of the Seven Sisters.The cliff is the highest chalk sea cliff in Britain, rising to 162 metres (531 ft) above sea level. [PAR] Enjoy![DOC] [TLE] Beachy Head - East Sussex (England) | Beachy Head 06/09 ... Beachy Head - East Sussex (England) | Beachy Head 06/09/2012\u2026 | Flickr [PAR] Beachy Head - East Sussex (England) [PAR] Beachy Head 06/09/2012 11h56 [PAR] The one and only shot taken 'over the edge' by using the swivel sreen of my camera. [PAR] [PAR] Beachy Head [PAR] Beachy Head is a chalk headland in Southern England, close to the town of Eastbourne in the county of East Sussex, immediately east of the Seven Sisters. The cliff there is the highest chalk sea cliff in Britain, rising to 162 m (530 ft) above sea level. The peak allows views of the south east coast from Dungeness to the east, to Selsey Bill in the west. Its height has also made it one of the most notorious suicide spots in the world.The chalk was formed in the Late Cretaceous period, between 65 and 100 million years ago, when the area was under the sea. During the Cenozoic Era the chalk was uplifted (see Cenozoic Era). When the last Ice Age ended, sea levels rose and the English Channel formed, cutting into the chalk to form the dramatic cliffs along the Sussex coast. Wave action contributes towards the erosion of cliffs around Beachy Head, which experience frequent small rock falls. Since chalk forms in layers separated by contiguous bands of flints, the physical structure affects how the cliffs erode. Wave action undermines the lower cliffs, causing frequent slab failures - slabs from layers of chalk break off, undermining the upper parts of the cliffs, which eventually collapse. In contrast to small rock falls, mass movements are less common. A mass movement happened in 2001 when, after a winter of heavy rain, the water had begun to seep into the cracks which had frozen and caused the cracks to widen. This then made the cliff edge erode and collapse into the sea. [PAR] The name Beachy Head appears as 'Beauchef' in 1274, and was 'Beaucheif' in 1317, becoming consistently Beachy Head by 1724, and has nothing to do with beach. Instead it is a corruption of the original French words meaning \"beautiful headland\". [PAR] [ Source and more information: Wikipedia - Beachy Head [PAR] Done"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Assassination of Trotsky (1972) - IMDb The Assassination of Trotsky (1972) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Assassination of Trotsky ( 1972 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] After having been forced to leave the Soviet Union 1929 Trotsky has ended up in Mexico 1940. He is still busy with politics, promoting socialism to the world. Stalin has sent out an ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] 10 June 2016 8:04 AM, -08:00 | The Guardian - Film News [PAR] Around The Web [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 22 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 14 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: The Assassination of Trotsky (1972) [PAR] 6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Marseille. Heaps of flowers and funeral wreaths... \"A man who no longer defends his colors is no longer a man.\" [PAR] Director: Jacques Deray [PAR] Paris, 1942. Robert Klein cannot find any fault with the state of affairs in German-occupied France. He has a well-furnished flat, a mistress, and business is booming. Jews facing ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Joseph Losey [PAR] In the middle of the night, deputy Philippe Dubaye wakes up his old friend Xavier Mar\u00e9chal with disturbing news: he has just killed Serrano, a racketeer with extant political connections. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Georges Lautner [PAR] During the 1930s, in Marseilles, France, two small time crooks work for local crime bosses until they decide to go into business for themselves. [PAR] Director: Jacques Deray [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1/10 X [PAR] Her youth has been spent working for a farm family, being raped by father and son, marrying the son who has now left her a happy widow. She is happy because World War I is over and she is ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Pierre Granier-Deferre [PAR] In Italy, the gambler and professor of poetry Daniele Dominici arrives in the seaside town of Rimini and is hired to teach for four months in the Liceu replacing another teacher. His ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Valerio Zurlini [PAR] At Oxford, Austrian student Anna is dating fellow student William whom she plans to marry but she ends up sleeping with two unhappily married Oxford professors instead. [PAR] Director: Joseph Losey [PAR] A man sells his soul to the devil in order to have the woman he loves. [PAR] Directors: Richard Burton, Nevill Coghill [PAR] Stars: Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Andreas Teuber [PAR] A mob hitman wants to retire, but his bosses don't think that's a good idea. Complications--and many bloody shootouts-ensue. [PAR] Director: Duccio Tessari [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pumbaa - The Lion King - Wikia Pumbaa | The Lion King Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Timon and Pumbaa argue [PAR] \u201c [PAR] Timon: Forget it, Pumbaa. I've been dragging you down long enough. I'm goin' home...and I suggest you do the same. [PAR] Pumbaa: Oh, I\u2014I would if I could, but I can't. [PAR] Timon: Oh, sure you can, buddy. I won't stop you. [PAR] Pumbaa: No, I mean...I don't have a home. [PAR] Timon: You don't? What happened? Are you lost? No place good enough for ya? What, you're all alone in this big empty world? Oh...truth is...I'm all alone, too. Pumbaa, you're the only friend I've ever had. [PAR] \u2014Pumbaa [PAR] \u201d [PAR] The film begins with Timon and Pumbaa in a movie theater, watching the original film. Both of them appreciate the majesty that is \" Circle of Life \", but Timon isn't willing to let the movie run its course. He fast-forwards the movie to when they first appear. Timon and Pumbaa argue for a moment, Pumbaa not wanting the audience to become confused and Timon complaining that they aren't in the first half. Finally, they agree to show the viewers about their backstories. [PAR] Timon \"hires\" Pumbaa [PAR] Pumbaa makes his first appearance a few days after Timon sets out to go to the big pointy rock at the indirect suggestion of Rafiki. While the meerkat walks through some high grass, he hears something groaning and stalking him. Thinking it's a predator, he flees, but it is merely Pumbaa, who seeks companionship. Timon is briefly against taking another animal with him, but he gives Pumbaa a once-over, taking in his sharp hooves and curved tusks, pleased by the fact that most animals will give him a pretty wide berth. [PAR] Pumbaa isn't talking about these \"weapons\" but his flatulence problem. Despite this, Timon \"hires\" Pumbaa to take him to the big pointy rock. The warthog suggest they are friends, but Timon clarifies that they are only acquaintances for now. [PAR] Pumbaa watches the pyramid of animals [PAR] They head toward Pride Rock with high hopes, hopes that are squashed when they see a crowd gathered around it. Timon opts to \"look beyond what he sees\" (advice that Rafiki gave him before), thinking that his dream home will be in Pride Rock, but he is disappointed when he sees how many animals are there. Pumbaa offers to look behind the Pride Rock, and Timon accepts this idea as his, much to Pumbaa's shock. [PAR] As the two try to cross through the crowd, Pumbaa, nervous from the various looks of the crowd, tries to get out of the crowd but accidentally farts when Timon pulls his tail, causing the animals around him to pass out from the smell. The other animals ahead believe that they are bowing, leading everyone to bow before Simba. Pumbaa thinks that his gas will be a problem to Timon, but the meerkat is very happy to have someone with powerful gas as a weapon. [PAR] Timon calls Pumbaa to live with him near a small water spring and cave. There, Pumbaa makes a large nest for himself and a little nest for Timon. Timon casually takes Pumbaa's bed. However, the tolerant warthog peacefully goes to sleep in a small bed. He wishes Timon a good night, and the two fall asleep. The duo live there from the time Simba is an infant until the time he is a mischievous and boisterous cub. It's Simba's antics that drive them away. The stack of animals organized during"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The ANZUS Treaty and SEATO Alliance, Australia's ... - Skwirk The ANZUS Treaty and SEATO Alliance, Australia's responses to the threat of communism - international, Australia in the Vietnam War Era, History Year 9, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia [PAR] 1 Exams [PAR] Background [PAR] World War Two was a major turning point in Australian international diplomacy and politics. The fact that Japanese invasion became a real threat during the War, changed the way the country viewed itself. Before 1945 Australia's main 'friend' on the international level was Britain. Less than 50 years after independence, many Australians still saw themselves as more British and European than anything else. It came as somewhat of a shock when, during the Second World War, Australia discovered that it was a part of the Pacific region, and not part of Europe. Australia became very aware of its isolation in the Pacific region, and when countries in South-East Asia started to turn to communism, Australia began looking for international allies that she could rely on in case of further unrest in the Pacific region and the possibility of invasion from the north. See image 1, see image 2 [PAR] Meanwhile, Britain was also moving more and more towards Europe and at the same time was beginning to pull out of her colonies in the East. Although there were still ties with Britain, Australia started to move towards a closer relationship with America - a 'near' neighbour. [PAR] ANZUS [PAR] Australia wanted a NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) -style pact to enhance its security in the region; a mutual support agreement, meaning that each country would have to come to the defence of the others in the event of attack. America already had a peace deal with Japan, so the Americans held back from such a committed agreement. Instead they agreed to sign the ANZUS treaty. [PAR] ANZUS stands for the Australia - New Zealand - United States Security Treaty which was signed in September 1951 and came into effect the following April. The main substance of the treaty is as follows [PAR] The parties will consult together whenever, in the opinion of any one of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened in the Pacific. [PAR] Article III of the ANZUS Treaty, 1951 [PAR] The ANZUS pact did not commit the US to intervening in the event of an attack on Australia or New Zealand, only to 'consultation', but it was hailed as a great diplomatic success in Australia. See image 3 [PAR] SEATO [PAR] By 1954 the situation in South-East Asia was looking more and more dangerous for Australia. There was an overwhelming fear of the further spread of 'monolithic' communism (as it was known at the time). In 1954 the French finally withdrew from Indo-China and North Vietnam became a communist regime. There had also been further unrest in Malaya and Indonesia. And the Korean War had shown that China was willing to provide armed support for other communist regimes. The Australian government felt it was imperative that they have a proper defensive treaty. A number of other countries felt the same way and the South-East Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) was created to deal with the situation. Even though it is called the South-East Asia Treaty Organisation, only three South-East Asian countries signed it. See image 4 [PAR] Bringing together America, Australia, New Zealand, Britain, France, The Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan, SEATO was created specifically to combat the threat of spreading communism in South-East Asia. The wording of the treaty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Gran Canaria And The Canary Islands Are Worth A Visit Why Gran Canaria And The Canary Islands Are Worth A Visit | The Huffington Post [PAR] Why Gran Canaria And The Canary Islands Are Worth A Visit [PAR] 04/20/2012 08:53 am ET | Updated Apr 20, 2012 [PAR] The following is an excerpt from the new book Going Local in Gran Canaria: How to Turn a Holiday Destination into a Home by Matthew Hirtes, out now from Summertime Publishing. [PAR] Think Gran Canaria, think skyscraper hotels an eyesore '70s \"entertainment\" complexes. Think again. From the ruggedly charming (in other words, warts-and-all) north coast, dotted with natural swimming pools, to the verdant and mountainous interior, Gran Canaria's so much more than your bog-standard package-tour destination. Peel back its veneer, and there's a whole new world to discover. Which possibly explains why many of its more than 2 million annual visitors decide to return, some even to stay. [PAR] African in terms of geography but Spanish politically speaking, you'll find Gran Canaria in the Atlantic Ocean, 130 miles off the coast of Africa. Cadiz, the nearest port on the Iberian peninsula, lies 777 miles away. The third largest, despite its name, of the Canaries, the island's sandwiched between Tenerife in the west and Fuerteventura in the east. Las Palmas, located on the northeast tip of Gran Canaria, is its capital. [PAR] Located in the heart of the Canarian Archipelago, Gran Canaria's as round as a ball. And just as bouncy, with its inhabitants a particularly vivacious bunch. It may not be the largest island in the Canaries but it houses almost half the population. [PAR] As any hot-spot theorist will tell you, the tectonic-plate splitting of South America from Africa formed the Canary Islands. A mantle plume expelled molten rock to the surface. Gran Canaria's origins date back 15 million years, but it wasn't until another million had elapsed before anything happened above sea level. [PAR] The Moors once ruled mainland Spain, but the North African influence is as keenly felt on Canarian soil. Not least because of the shortish stretch of water separating the orphan Canaries from Mother Africa. They even import sand from the Sahara to furnish the dunes of Maspalomas, the jewel in the crown of Gran Canaria's beaches. [PAR] There are more than 80 beaches on the islands. Chances are your average tourists will visit just two, Playa del Ingles and the neighboring Maspalomas. Whilst this pretty pair is not without its merits, the two are just the tip of, to extend the analogy even further, a whole north pole of icebergs. [PAR] Away from the main resorts, you'll find delights such as Sardina del Norte. When I heard an estate agent trumpeting this area as a \"zone of great potential,\" I thought to myself, Oh, leave it alone, it's perfect. An environmentalist acquaintance of mine, Cuco, is also worried about Sardina. He claims its tiny beach is unable to sustain the number of people who go there. And considering that these are almost exclusively Canarians from the north of the island, I feel slightly guilty even mentioning its name. [PAR] So, just as there's little grotty about neighboring Lanzarote, Gran Canaria's not just an 18-30 mecca. Instead, to borrow a line from celebrated author Julia Donaldson, it's a land \"with fiery mountains and golden sands.\" One which caters for outdoorsy types with a surfeit of cycling, hiking and mountain-climbing options. [PAR] Indeed, traveling to the center of the island will fool any sat-nav into identifying you location as Asia with the mountains resembling a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Potter - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Harry Potter | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"You have shown bravery beyond anything I could have expected of you.\" [PAR] \u2014Dumbledore to Harry after the latter escaped from Voldemort [src] [PAR] On 25 August , 1994 Harry, the Weasley family (besides Mrs Weasley ), and Hermione Granger attended the Quidditch World Cup. At Stoatshead Hill, Cedric Diggory and his father, Amos joined them. Once at the camp grounds, they met Ludo Bagman, Barty Crouch Snr with his house-elf Winky, and many other Hogwarts students and their families, including: Seamus Finnigan , Dean Thomas , Oliver Wood , and Draco Malfoy . They were able to see the match between the Irish and Bulgarian national teams up close, because Harry, the Weasleys, and Hermione had seats in the Top Box, thanks to a favour Mr Weasley had done for Ludo Bagman . It was during this World Cup that Harry learned of the existence of foreign wizarding schools, something he had not given any thought to before the cup. [PAR] The reappearance of the Dark Mark at the 1994 Quidditch World Cup [PAR] The night after the match, while the Irish team's supporters were still celebrating, a group of black-cloaked, hooded figures held terrifying celebrations of their own by suspending the Muggle camp site manager and his family in air like twisted marionettes probably done via Levicorpus . On Mr Weasley's orders, Harry fled into the woods near the camp site, along with Ron, Hermione, Fred, George, and Ginny. The group was separated in the woods, and in the chaos, Harry had lost his wand. The trio ran into Draco Malfoy, and he all but told them that his father was among the cloaked wizards. Later, Harry learned that Barty Crouch Jr had stolen his wand from his pocket. While in a clearing in the woods, Harry, Ron, and Hermione heard someone shout the incantation Morsmordre , casting the Dark Mark \u2014 a green skull with a snake protruding from its mouth like a tongue \u2014 into the sky. Although Harry did not immediately recognise its significance, he soon learned that the Dark Mark had evil implications. Then, Barty Crouch Snr, Amos Diggory, and other Ministry of Magic employees Apparated into the clearing and began to question Harry, Ron, and Hermione about the Dark Mark. After Harry mentioned he had heard another voice conjure the Dark Mark, the Ministry employees searched the area and found the house-elf Winky unconscious in the bushes. Since Harry's wand was found in Winky's hand, Mr Crouch fired her for bringing shame to his family. [PAR] At the Hogwarts start-of-term feast, Professor Dumbledore announced that Hogwarts would host the Triwizard Tournament , a recently revived inter-school competition in which the Beauxbatons Academy of Magic and the Durmstrang Institute would also participate. New rules stated that only students seventeen and older could compete, for safety reasons. Also, during the start of term feast, Dumbledore introduced \"Mad-Eye\" Moody , an ex-Auror, as the newly appointed Defence Against the Dark Arts professor. This news was greeted with a mixture of responses, as Moody was known to be a great Auror , a little crazy, and to have a magical eye, earning him the nickname \"Mad-Eye\" Moody. [PAR] The Goblet of Fire selects Harry as the fourth champion [PAR] Around Hallowe'en, the students from Beauxbatons Academy of Magic and Durmstrang Institute arrived at the school. Viktor Krum , Fleur Delacour , and Cedric Diggory were all chosen to represent their respective schools in this tournament."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Knight Bus - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Knight Bus | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Harry Potter: \"How come the Muggles don\u2019t hear the bus?\" [PAR] Stan Shunpike: \"Them! Don\u2019 listen properly, do they? Don\u2019 look properly either. Never notice nuffink, they don\u2019\" [PAR] \u2014 Harry talking to Stan the Knight Bus Conductor in 1993 [src] [PAR] The Knight Bus is a triple-decker, purple AEC Regent III RT that assists stranded individuals of the wizarding community through public transportation. It operates at a very fast speed and obstacles will jump out of its way. To hail the bus, a witch or wizard must stick their wand hand in the air in the same manner that a Muggle might do to hail a taxi, though it is possible to book tickets for travel on the bus in advance. [PAR] Contents [PAR] On 20 April , 1994 , Rubeus Hagrid and the hippogriff Buckbeak travelled together on the Knight Bus for a hearing in front of the Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures in regards to Buckbeak's future following the attack on Draco Malfoy . [3] [PAR] During the holiday break in 1995 , Hermione used the Knight Bus to join everyone at 12 Grimmauld Place after Nagini 's attack on Arthur Weasley . [4] [PAR] In 1996 , Harry, Ron, and Hermione travelled back to Hogwarts from 12 Grimmauld Place on the Knight Bus after the Christmas holidays. They were accompanied by Lupin and Tonks . Madam Marsh was also on the Knight Bus but had to get off due to illness. [5] [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The Knight Bus is named after the various night bus services throughout Great Britain , as well as a play on the word \"knight\", as it gives the connotation that the vehicle comes to the rescue of those who need it. [6] [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] The Knight Bus seen in the 2004 movie Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban used a body constructed from three separate RT-class AEC Regent III buses. The triple-deck body was then fitted to a Dennis Javelin bus chassis. In order to portray the bus driving at high speeds, the cars around the bus drove slower while the bus drove at its top speed, and the footage was sped up afterward. Two buses were constructed for the film's external shots, while the interior shots were filmed on a set that would rock back and forth to simulate the bus' movement. [PAR] One of the props is currently on display at The Making of Harry Potter . The other was moved to Orlando, Florida in 2010 for the grand opening ceremony of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , where it carried some of the actors from the film series to the ceremony. It remained in storage until 2014, when it was moved outdoors as part of the upcoming Diagon Alley attraction. [7] [PAR] The bus's height posed a challenge for the filmmakers when the vehicle was required to pass underneath bridges. To solve this problem, the top of the bus was designed to be removable. [PAR] Since Apparition would be a faster and more practical way of transportation, the Knight Bus may be used for those who cannot use Apparition or Portkeys, or those who are underage, and therefore need the bus, and may even be accessible to Squibs. [PAR] The Shrunken Head in the film version of the book [PAR] In the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , a talking Shrunken Head with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - Filmsite.org Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) [PAR] The Harry Potter Films - Part 4 [PAR] Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) [PAR] d. Mike Newell, 157 minutes [PAR] Film Plot Summary [PAR] In the film's prologue, Frank Bryce (Eric Sykes), Riddle manor's elderly caretaker, investigated a light in the middle of the night that was illuminated in the nearby manor. He eavesdropped on a conversation between servant Wormtail (Timothy Spall), Lord Voldemort (Ralph Fiennes) - seated in a chair, and a third unnamed or unrecognizable individual (later revealed to be Barty Crouch, Jr. (David Tennant)). They seemed to be conspiring, plotting and scheming to capture and then murder a boy (Harry). A large snake named Nagini, a symbol of Voldemort, reported that Bryce, the old Muggle caretaker, was listening outside their door. Voldemort's killing command of \"Avada Kedavra\" murdered the old man. [PAR] The entire prologue was experienced by young Hogwarts student Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) as a troubling nightmare of a present-time event. He was with his best schoolmate friends, Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) and Ron Weasley (Rupert Grint) at the Weasley household, just before they set off on an early morning hike to a Portkey, and to the 422nd Quidditch World Cup. They were joined by the Weasley family, including Ron's sister Ginny Weasley (Bonnie Wright), and Cedric Diggory (Robert Pattinson) and his father. The final match was held in a giant open-air stadium - the teams were the green-uniformed Irish against the red-uniformed Bulgarians, led by Viktor Krum (Stanislav Ianevski). The end of the match's competition was marked by a violent, fiery attack of a group of black-garbed Death Eaters (evil wizards and witches, all followers of Dark Lord Voldemort) on the campsites of the spectators. They were scattered when a Dark Mark (a skull-shaped symbol of Voldemort, imprinted on the left forearm of all Death Eaters) was cast into the sky from an unknown individual (the third individual in Harry's dream, revealed later to be Voldemort's helper Barty Crouch, Jr. (David Tennant)), witnessed only by Harry. (He wrote a letter to his godfather Sirius Black, to tell him about his dream and the Quidditch match events.) [PAR] The Hogwarts Express train took the students to school, Harry's fourth year. During opening announcements at the school, Headmaster Albus Dumbledore (Michael Gambon) told everyone that Hogwarts had been selected to host the Triwizard Tournament, bringing together three schools to compete in a series of \"magical contests...not for the faint-hearted.\" Each school would select a single student to represent them, and \"eternal glory\" awaited the student who won the tournament, by surviving three \"extremely dangerous\" tasks. At the same time, the Auror (or dark wizard catcher), Alastor \"Mad-Eye\" Moody (Brendan Gleason), arrived. He was the new Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher - noted for his all-seeing, moving glass eye, powerful magic skills, disregard for rules and for teaching illegal lessons in his classroom, artificial leg (and limp), and ever-present drinking flask. Dumbledore called upon the head of the Department of International Magical Cooperation, Mr. Bartemius Crouch (Roger Lloyd-Pack), to explain the rules of the tournament, causing an uproar when he said no one under the age of 17 was to be considered. [PAR] The outrageously crazy Moody taught his students an illegal lesson about the three Unforgiveable Curses, including the Imperius Curse (when a victim was forced to do another's bidding), the Cruciatus Curse (aka the Torture Curse), and the third - the Killing Curse (\"Avada Kedavra\") - survived by only one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Harris - IMDb Richard Harris - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Producer [PAR] A genuine star of cinema on screen and a fiery hell raiser off screen, Richard St John Harris was born on October 1, 1930 in Limerick, Ireland, to a farming family. He was the son of Mildred Josephine (Harty) and Ivan John Harris, and was an excellent rugby player, with a strong passion for literature. Unfortunately, a bout of tuberculosis as a ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:[DOC] [TLE] \u2018Fantastic Beasts\u2019: Will Actor Who Played Dumbledore In ... \u2018Fantastic Beasts\u2019: Will Actor Who Played Dumbledore In \u2018Harry Potter\u2019 Be In Spinoff? : Entertainment : Design & Trend [PAR] Tags : Fantastic Beats and Where to Find Them , Dumbledore , harry potter , Spinoff , Michael Gambon , Eddie Redmayne [PAR] Close [PAR] (Photo : Facebook/ Harry Potter Official ) Will Dumbledore (Michael Gambon) make an appearance in \"Fantastic Beasts and where to Find them?\" [PAR] Michael Gambon, who played Albus Dumbledore in the last six \"Harry Potter\" films, says that he wants to make an appearance in the upcoming spinoff \"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find them,\" he told Express . [PAR] Gambon replaced Richard Harris as Dumbledore in the third \"Harry Potter\" installment after Harris passed away. [PAR] Express caught up with the 75-year-old Irish actor on the Red Carpet for the premiere of his latest film \"Dad's Army.\" [PAR] \"I want to be in it, yes,\" he told the publication. [PAR] However, there is the issue of timeframe. \"Fantastic Beasts\" takes place in the 1920s, nearly 70 years before the first \"Harry Potter\" film. Gambon says he has a solution to that casting problem. [PAR] \"They've got a Dumbledore. They'll have a young Dumbledore, won't they? But I could be his dad. They could flashback to me,\" said Gambon. \"Can you mention it to them if you see them? I'd like to be his dad.\" [PAR] \"Fantastic Beasts\" follows the story of magizoologist Newt Scamander (Academy-Award winner Eddie Redmayne). He travels to '20s-era New York City on business and while there his collection of magical creatures escapes from his bottomless suitcase, some of them being very dangerous. [PAR] The film also explores the relationship between magic folk and the \"No-Maj,\" the American version of the Muggle. The relationship between the two groups is hostile and those gifted with magical abilities feel persecuted by the non-magical population. [PAR] It would be a huge treat for fans if some of the \"Harry Potter\" characters could make cameos in \"Fantastic Beasts.\" After all, it is a world full of magic and anything should be possible! [PAR] While at the event, Gambon also paid his respects to his longtime late and co-star, Alan Rickman, who recently passed away after a battle with cancer. [PAR] \"Alan was such a lovely bloke a complete actor and helpful with everybody. Creative. We just miss him,\" said Gambon. [PAR] What other \"Harry Potter\" characters would you like to see in \"Fantastic Beasts\"? Let us know in the comments below. [PAR] \"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find them\" will be in theaters Nov. 18. [PAR] Related"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rubeus Hagrid - About The Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Rubeus Hagrid | About The Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Sirius Black [PAR] Though Hagrid described Sirius Black as having been a \"trouble-maker\" in his youth, Hagrid had clearly been fond of him, as well as his best friend, James Potter , when they were students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . After graduating, Sirius, along with James, Lily Evans , Remus Lupin and Peter Pettigrew , joined the Order of the Phoenix around the same time as Hagrid. When James and Lily discovered they were Voldemort 's next targets, they went into to hiding with the use of the Fidelius Charm ; Peter Pettigrew had been made their Secret-Keeper , unbeknownst to anyone else, and betrayed the Potters to Voldemort, framing Sirius for the crime. For many years, everybody, including Hagrid, believed Sirius was the betrayer. The night James and Lily died, Hagrid met Sirius in Godric's Hollow , where Hagrid had been sent to rescue the infant Harry Potter from the wreckage of the Potter's destroyed home, and Sirius lent Hagrid his flying motorbike to deliver Harry to Albus Dumbledore . By 1993 , Hagrid was horrified to think that he comforted the \"murdering traitor\" that very night. [PAR] Hagrid learned the truth in 1994 , after Sirius escaped from Azkaban and exposed Pettigrew as having been in hiding as Ron Weasley 's pet rat, Scabbers. When Harry and Hermione Granger helped Sirius avoid the fate of receiving the Dementor's Kiss , they also saved Buckbeak , who was poised for execution as ordered by the Ministry of Magic , and in doing so, provided Sirius with transportation to make his escape. [15] Dumbledore re-instated the Order of the Phoenix in 1995 , and following Sirius's tragic death during the Battle of the Department of Mysteries in 1996 , Harry inherited Buckbeak, who he sent back into Hagrid's care at Hogwarts. [17] [PAR] Hogwarts staff [PAR] Edit [PAR] Remus Lupin [PAR] Hagrid would have known Remus Lupin for about as long as he knew the Potters and Sirius Black , though they did not appear to be particularly close until 1993 , when Lupin was appointed Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, and they became co-workers. Both Hagrid and Lupin knew what it was like to be within the wizarding community, yet still considered outsiders and face its prejudices, as Lupin was a werewolf and Hagrid was a half-giant. [PAR] In 1995 , they both joined the re-instated Order of the Phoenix , and worked together throughout the Second Wizarding War to protect Harry Potter and bring about the end of Lord Voldemort . [PAR] Minerva McGonagall [PAR] Hagrid greatly respected Minerva McGonagall , the Transfiguration professor and Head of Gryffindor House . They attended Hogwarts at the same time, and they later became members of the Hogwarts staff. As one of the most strict professors at Hogwarts , McGonagall sometimes disapproved of Hagrid's unrefined behaviour, especially during the Sorting ceremony . However, they were close friends, and fellow members of the Order of the Phoenix in both wars. In 1995 , when Dolores Umbridge brought several Ministry officials to either have Hagrid forcibly removed from the school grounds, arrested, or both, McGonagall immediately came to Hagrid's defence; she took four simultaneous stunners straight to her chest as she rushed to Hagrid's aid, and was incapacitated for some time at St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries . Hagrid was furious when McGonagall got stunned to the point that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Potter Before Book 1: What is Molly Weasley's family ... Harry Potter Before Book 1: What is Molly Weasley's family backstory? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written Jul 16, 2013 [PAR] Molly Weasley is a pure-blood born to the Prewett family. [PAR] She had two brothers - Fabian and Gideon Prewett. As mentioned in Book 5, those two were in the original order and were both killed by Death Eaters (five) in/during (possibly) the First Wizarding War. It has been mentioned that the family name ended with their death although it stays on with Molly's children. [PAR] Her family might also have been branded as \"blood-traitors\" because they involved themselves with the Order. [PAR] It has also been mentioned that she is related to the Blacks. In the following Black Family Tree, there is a Prewett couple mentioned - Ignatius and Lucretia Prewetts. Considering Percy's middle name was Ignatius, Molly must have been close to them. Although their names being on the family tree does indicate them not being Pro-Order/Muggles/Half-Bloods. [PAR] Apart from this there is no \"official or confirmed\" knowledge about her past which has been mentioned in the books, or later on by Jo."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Diagon Alley ... Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Diagon Alley - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Diagon Alley [PAR] From Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] General Overview[ edit ] [PAR] Diagon Alley is the main wizarding shopping street in London. On this street we can find any number of shops specifically for wizards, including an apothecary, Eeylops Owl Emporium, Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlor (which actually sounds like a nice place for Muggles as well), Flourish and Blott's bookstore, Gringotts Wizarding Bank , Madam Malkin's Robes for All Occasions, The Magical Menagerie pet store, Ollivanders: Makers of Fine Wands since 382 BC, and Quality Quidditch Supplies. The Leaky Cauldron pub backs onto this street, and the entrance to Knockturn Alley lies in this street as well. The merchants of Diagon Alley are well prepared for the annual influx of students needing to buy supplies for their year at Hogwarts . [PAR] Extended Description[ edit ] [PAR] Beginner warning: Details follow which you may not wish to read at your current level. [PAR] Located behind the Leaky Cauldron pub, open to the sky, but somehow invisible to Muggles , Diagon Alley is an old-fashioned street lined with quaint buildings that house traditional shops serving the wizarding community. There are many more stores than are named; for instance, the first time he enters Diagon Alley in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry sees a shop selling cauldrons. The shop is never named, but presumably Harry does buy his cauldron there. Likewise, the store where he buys his telescope is unnamed. [PAR] Many of the stores in Diagon Alley have some significance to the series and some are visited repeatedly. [PAR] The Apothecary is never named, but presumably Harry must visit it each year for potion ingredients. He is initially quite intrigued by the available supplies, but apparently these become commonplace to him, as there is only one other time it is mentioned, in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , where it doesn't even merit a full sentence. [PAR] Eeylops' Owl Emporium is a store specializing in owls and supplies for them, which of course serve both as pets and as as a means of communications in the Wizarding world. In the first book, Harry receives an owl from Hagrid as a birthday present; this owl, Hedwig , remains Harry's companion through much of the series. [PAR] Florean Fortescue 's Ice Cream Parlour plays a relatively minor role. Hagrid, on Harry's first visit to Diagon Alley, presents him with a large ice cream, which one supposes must have come from Fortescue's establishment. Harry spends a fortnight in Diagon Alley at the start of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , during which time he spends nearly every afternoon in Fortescue's. In the sixth book, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, we hear that Fortescue has vanished, and damage to his store indicates that he didn't leave willingly. It is assumed that he has been captured by Death Eaters . [PAR] Flourish and Blott's Bookstore is so overloaded with Spell books that it apparently takes magic to keep its shelves from tipping over. This is where Harry, Ron , and Hermione buy their school books most years. This is also the scene of a confrontation between Lucius Malfoy and Arthur Weasley which escalates to physical violence, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . [PAR] Gringotts Wizarding Bank is the one place where Wizards keep their money. Harry visits Gringotts in the first book,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flying Ford Anglia - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Flying Ford Anglia | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Arthur: \"But the things our lot has taking to enchanting, you wouldn't believe...\" [PAR] Molly: \"LIKE CARS, FOR INSTANCE?\" [PAR] Arthur: \"C-Cars, Molly dear?\" [PAR] Molly: \"Yes, Arthur, cars. Imagine a wizard buying a rusty old car and telling his wife all he wanted to do with it was take it apart to see how it worked, while really he was enchanting it to make it fly.\" [PAR] \u2014 Exchange between Arthur and Molly Weasley [src] [PAR] The Flying Ford Anglia was a light blue Ford Anglia 105E Deluxe that was modified by Arthur Weasley to be able to fly , as well as become invisible , via the use of a specially installed device called an Invisibility Booster . It was also modified so that it could fit eight people, six trunks, two owls , and a rat comfortably. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Flight between Little Whinging and the Burrow [PAR] \"Your sons flew that enchanted car of yours to Surrey and back last night.\" [PAR] \u2014Molly Weasley on her son's flight [src] [PAR] Fred, George, and Ron Weasley flying to the Burrow after rescuing Harry Potter from 4 Privet Drive [PAR] The Flying Ford Anglia was used in the summer of 1992 by Fred , George , and Ron Weasley to rescue Harry Potter, who was locked up in his room at the Dursleys' and had been unable to receive any mail from the Wizarding community as a result of Dobby 's attempts to protect him. When they arrived at 4 Privet Drive , the Weasley boys pulled the car up to Harry's window, alerting him to their presence, after which they proceeded to pull off the bars on Harry's window and help him retrieve his things. As they were returning to the Burrow , Harry was worried that his friends would get in trouble for using the car due to the Reasonable Restriction for Underage Magic , but as they did not place the spell upon the car and were \"only borrowing it, \"it \"[didn't] count.\" [PAR] Upon their Return to the Burrow, Mrs Weasley was furious with her sons for taking the car but placed no blame on Harry. The next morning, at breakfast, Mrs Weasley told Mr Weasley what the boys had done, and, startled, he began to ask how it went before hastily switching to a reprimand at a look from his wife. He tried to excuse the car by referring to a loophole in the law regarding ownership of charmed objects , but Molly noted that he was the one who had written that law. [PAR] Last Flight [PAR] Driving the Flying Ford Anglia to Hogwarts and into the Whomping Willow [PAR] At the start of their second year, Harry and Ron used the enchanted car to get to Hogwarts when the entrance to Platform 9\u00be was sealed by Dobby , in another attempt to protect Harry by preventing his return to school. Ron was worried that his parents might not be able to get back through, so they used the car to fly to Hogwarts . Just as they arrived on school grounds, the car began to break down and they ended up crashing into the Whomping Willow. Professor Snape informed them that their journey was \"seen by no less than seven Muggles \" and that if it had been up to him he would have had them on the train back to London the very same night. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Potter's Owl Name - Wizzley Harry Potter's Owl Name [PAR] Harry Potter's Owl Name [PAR] by Sam [PAR] Harry Potter's Owl plays an important part through the first six books by J.K. Rowling. Here all what there is to know about her, from name to type plus some fun facts. [PAR] Hedwig, as Harry Potter's owl is called, accompanies the wizarding boy from his first day in this new and exciting adventure. She is his companion at Hogwarts as well as giving him support and friendship when he has to spend the vacations at the house of his Muggle relatives / the Dursley's. [PAR] Hedwig, Harry Potter's owl, makes her first appearance in the book 'Harry Potter and The Philosopher's / Sorcerer's Stone'. She is a birthday present from Rubeus Hagrid, the 'Keeper of Keys and Grounds' at Hogwarts, to Harry during their first visit to Diagon Alley. She accompanies Harry through his time at school and serves as link to the magical world when he has to spend the holidays at the home of the Dursleys, his Muggle relatives. Hedwig is an accomplished post owl and can find the recipient of a message without the need of an address. Additionally she is highly intelligent and often takes the initiative, for example, when she visits Hermione to make sure that Harry gets his birthday presents from her. She is also a very proud bird and over the years she and Harry have some minor fall-outs which never last very long. In the books she described as eating nuts and 'owl pellets', together with the prey she hunts, but in reality this type of owl is an exclusive meat eater (see below). [PAR] Hedwig, Hogwarts Castle and Crest [PAR] View on Amazon [PAR] Hedwig's Name [PAR] Harry names her after a witch he finds mentioned in one of his first school books, 'A History of Magic' by Bathilda Bagshot. [PAR] The only thing that J.K. Rowling herself mentioned in interviews about her name choice for Harry's owl is 'Hedwig was a Saint'. Now there are two saints of this name in the calendar, one is 'St. Hedwig of Silesia' (1174-1243) and the other is St. Hedwig, a polish queen that lived from 1373 to 1399. Both were known for caring for the poor, needy and orphans and in the case of the first one, an order that carried her name was later founded and she was chosen as the Patron Saint. This order, 'The Sister of St. Hedwig' exists until today and runs schools and orphanages. There are currently around 300 St. Hedwig Sisters worldwide. As Harry himself is an orphan, it is only fitting that his first friend was named after this special saint, as he needed the protection of 'St. Hedwig' ;-) It is little details like this, that make the > Harry Potter Series < so special and great fun to research more in depth for fans like me! [PAR] Hedwig - the Actor(s) [PAR] Hedwig is a Snowy Owl and is actually played in the movies by male birds. One main one and, at least, two back-up and stunt birds. The reason for this was, that male Snowy Owls are smaller, hence easier to handle for child actors, and whiter than female ones. The real name of the main Hedwig is Gizmo, the 'main owl actor', but it was actually an owl called 'Ook' that was casted the very first for a role in 'Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone', even before Daniel Radcliffe himself! And the third owl is called 'Sprout', yes, just"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Potter (book series) - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Harry Potter (book series) | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Harry Potter (book series) [PAR] Share [PAR] This article is not part of the Harry Potter universe . [PAR] This article covers a subject that is part of the real world, and thus should not be taken as a part of the Harry Potter universe. [PAR] All seven books together in a special edition box set [PAR] The Harry Potter books make up the popular series written by J. K. Rowling . The series spans seven books. The books have been made into movies by Warner Bros. Pictures with the last book split into two films. [PAR] The books concern a wizard called Harry Potter and his journey through Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . The stories tell of him overcoming dangerous obstacles to defeat the Dark wizard Lord Voldemort who killed his parents when Harry was 15 months old. The first book, Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone , was published in 1997 by Bloomsbury in London. The last book, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , sold more than 12 million copies in the U.S. [PAR] Beginning on 6 October , 2015 , the entire series was presented in a fully-illustrated format, with over 100 illustrations per title, by Jim Kay . [1] The 7 books were also all reunited in one ebook the same year. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Publishing [PAR] The French edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone ; Harry Potter \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole des sorciers in English Harry Potter at the Wizarding School. [PAR] It is said that J. K. Rowling sent her preliminary copy of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone to 12 publishers before it was accepted and published by Bloomsbury . [PAR] The following is an incomplete list of publishers of the books all over the world. [PAR] India : Manjul Publishing House (Hindi and its dialects) [PAR] Vietnam: Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tr\u1ebb [PAR] Poland: Media Rodzina [PAR] The Dutch version of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban [PAR] Titles of the series [PAR] The author published seven books in the Harry Potter series, as well as numerous complementary books. You can get all seven eBooks as one download on Pottermore with Harry Potter: The Complete Collection . A sequel to the original series, Harry Potter and the Cursed Child was released July 31st, 2016. [PAR] Original series [PAR] The following is a list of the seven books in the Harry Potter Series. Each novel corresponds to a year-long period of time, usually in reference to Harry Potter 's year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . [PAR] Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\" in the U.S) (UK release: 26/06/97; US release 9/01/98) [PAR] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (UK & US releases: 21/07/07) [PAR] Sequel [PAR] This sequel takes place nineteen years after the events of the final book in the original series. It is unknown weather this will be a stand alone novel or the start of a new series. [PAR] Quidditch Through the Ages , a complementary novel to the series [PAR] Complementary books [PAR] Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: The Original Screenplay (19 November, 2016) [PAR] Audiobook editions [PAR] Since the inception of Harry Potter series, the stories have also been released as audiobooks. In the United Kingdom, the audiobooks were narrated by Stephen Fry , with Jim Dale handling the narration for the U.S. editions."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gryffindor Quidditch team - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Gryffindor Quidditch team | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1993-1994 school year [PAR] \"This is our last chance \u2014 my last chance \u2014 to win the Quidditch Cup . I'll be leaving at the end of this year. I'll never get another shot at it.\" [PAR] \u2014 Oliver Wood explaining his last chance to win the cup [src] [PAR] In the 1993\u20131994 school year, the team is said by Lee Jordan to be \"the best team Hogwarts has seen in the last few years\". This was the first year that they had won the Quidditch Cup since Charles Weasley was on the team. Gryffindor kept the same team as the previous year. It was seventeen-year-old captain Oliver Wood's last season. They trained three times a week. [11] The Slytherin versus Gryffindor match was re-scheduled as Flint claimed his Seeker, Malfoy had an injured arm, so the first match was Gryffindor versus Hufflepuff. [PAR] The match right before a mass of Dementors converge on the Quidditch pitch [PAR] The game was played in heavy rain, ferocious wind, thunder, and lightning. The wind was so powerful that the players staggered sideways as they walked onto the very muddy pitch. The sound of the thunder drowned out the crowd's shouts. Madam Hooch's whistle to start the match coincided with the first bolt of lightening. Harry's vision was hindered by the constant raindrops on his glasses and he was almost struck by a Bludger twice. Wood called for a time-out when Gryffindor were fifty points up. Hermione Granger used \" Impervius \" so Harry's glasses would repel any water. When both Seekers had spotted the Snitch, Harry then saw at least one hundred Dementors that had entered the stadium. He heard his mother's last words before she was killed by Lord Voldemort and he fell about fifty feet to the ground. Albus Dumbledore ran onto the pitch waving his wand and slowing Harry's fall. He then got rid of the Dementors, magicked Harry onto a stretcher and carried him to the castle floating upon it. [PAR] Cedric caught the Snitch, giving Hufflepuff a win by 100 points. He offered a re-match, but Gryffindor accepted the defeat. Harry's Nimbus 2000 was blown to the Whomping Willow which destroyed it. [12] [PAR] Gryffindor increased their training to five times a week (under the supervision of Madam Hooch ) [13] [PAR] Gryffindor's final practise before their match against Ravenclaw was their current side's best ever. Harry caught the Snitch within ten seconds of its release. The team performed their moves faultlessly and Wood had no criticisms. [PAR] Harry receives a Firebolt for Christmas that is soon confiscated by McGonagall [PAR] For the game against Ravenclaw, Harry flew his new Firebolt . His opposing Seeker, fourth year Cho Chang , flew a Comet 260 . In clear, cool conditions, Gryffindor took an eighty point lead, but Ravenclaw managed to claw it back to 80-30. When Harry spotted the Snitch for the third time, Malfoy, Crabbe , Goyle , and Flint walked onto the pitch, dressed as Dementors. Harry cast a Patronus at them and then caught the Snitch, giving Gryffindor victory, whose fans ran onto the pitch in celebration. [14] On the first Saturday after the Easter holidays Gryffindor played Slytherin. Gryffindor had trained every day in preparation for the game. Slytherin were leading the Championship by exactly 200 points, meaning Gryffindor needed to win the match by 210 points to claim the Quidditch Cup. [PAR] Gryffindor wins the cup [PAR] Three quarters"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patronus Charm - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Patronus Charm | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The spell as seen in the third video game . [PAR] SPSexpecto from SpellShapes.utx from the texture files of the third video game PC version. [PAR] Two Patronuses planned for the films but ultimately cut include a Thestral and a chimpanzee [29] [PAR] The Patronuses of James Potter and Minerva McGonagall match their respective Animagi form. These are the only characters whose Patronus and Animagus forms are known. It is uncertain whether all Patronuses will match the form of the Animagus, but so far, an instance of differing forms has not been revealed. [PAR] Similarly Remus Lupin's Patronus is a wolf, but whether this is a universal among werewolves or not is unknown. [PAR] In the first chapter of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , a white peacock appears in the gardens of Malfoy Manor. Some fans believed this bird to be Lucius Malfoy 's Patronus. However, J. K. Rowling stated that no Death Eater except Severus Snape could (or had a need to) conjure a Patronus, because Death Eaters fight alongside that which Patronuses fight against. [30] This means that the peacock was in fact a living creature. It is stated in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows that the creature was in fact an albino peacock. [PAR] In the video game adaptation of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban , the more moderate Expecto Patronum is a ball of light. In the console versions, it works as a guided-missile that can only be steered left or right, and accelerate. In the PC version, before cast, a white ring goes up Harry's arm and if it reaches top of the wand, Harry has to try the spell again, and it is used only to attack Dementors (it also produces lightning effects). At the climax of the game, a stag (Harry's Patronus) jumps out of the wand to drive away all the Dementors nearby attacking Harry and Sirius, and its during that battle in the console versions, Harry's Patronus changes into a stag with altered controls. [PAR] The lecture that Harry gives on Patronuses to Dumbledore's Army in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is extremely similar to the lecture Remus Lupin gave him in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban . [PAR] In the third book when Dementors attack Harry, Hermione and Sirius, Harry's Patronus is very weak and thin (based on how there were tons of Dementors) yet the Dementors were still unable to pass through it. One Dementor was able to make it vanish by gesturing at it though. [PAR] According to Harry Potter Fanon, the incantation for making a Patronus able to speak and carry messages is Nuntius Expecto Patronum. [PAR] In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 , Dolores Umbridge 's Patronus seems to emanate a shield that keeps the Dementors separated from everyone in the courtroom. In addition, Kingsley Shacklebolt's Patronus is described in the novel as taking the form of a lynx, however in the film it is depicted as a shimmering comet of light from which springs silvery images of witches and wizards screaming in terror as Kingsley's voice details the death of Scrimgeour and the fall of the Ministry. [PAR] In LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4 , Voldemort, Lucius Malfoy, Walden Macnair , Barty Crouch Jr , and an unnamed Death Eater can all cast the spell, despite the fact that Rowling stated that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charms (class) - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Charms (class) | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Professor Flitwick the charms master [PAR] In a student's fifth year they take the Ordinary Wizarding Level examinations. This exam contains a written portion and a practical portion. The written portion is made up of questions concerning the theory of charms and the practical is where students are judged upon the charms they can perform. Their O.W.L. scores decide what courses they'll be taking in their final years at Hogwarts . Only students who achieve a high O.W.L. score of either ' Outstanding ' or ' Exceeds Expectations ' may advance to N.E.W.T. -level. [PAR] Professor Flitwick was one of the kinder teachers at Hogwarts. Harry Potter , Ron Weasley , and Hermione Granger often enjoyed a \"nice chat\" in this class. This was the class where they used the Muffliato Charm as well. Harry was on at least fairly good terms with Professor Flitwick, as the professor spoke with Harry about the \"perfect\" Summoning Charm he used in the Triwizard Tournament . [3] Sometimes, Professor Flitwick, after trying and failing to get the class to concentrate, would allow the class to play games. One of these instances was just before the Yule Ball . [PAR] Location and time [PAR] Classrooms [PAR] Charms classes are held in Class 99 in the South Tower and Classroom 2E along the Charms Corridor on the third floor, near the Third Floor Corridor . Classroom 2E has three rows of desks, all facing the teacher's table, behind which sits a large upholstered chair with a high back. Two blackboards flank the teacher's table, and behind them is a small shelf with books and other objects, beneath a pair of windows. [4] [PAR] Location times"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Topsy-Turvy (1999) - The Criterion Collection Topsy-Turvy (1999) - The Criterion Collection [PAR] The Criterion Collection [PAR] [PAR] Spine #558 [PAR] The world of Gilbert and Sullivan comes to vivid life in director Mike Leigh\u2019s extraordinary dramatization of the staging of the duo\u2019s legendary 1885 comic opera The Mikado. Jim Broadbent and Allan Corduner brilliantly inhabit the roles of the world-famous Victorian librettist and composer, who, along with their troupe of temperamental actors, must battle personal and professional demons while mounting this major production. A lushly produced epic about the harsh realities of creative expression, featuring bravura performances and Oscar-winning costume design and makeup, Topsy-Turvy is an unexpected period delight from one of contemporary cinema\u2019s great artists. [PAR] Cast [PAR] Disc Features [PAR] DIRECTOR-APPROVED SPECIAL EDITION [PAR] Director-approved digital transfer, supervised by cinematographer Dick Pope, with DTS-HD Master Audio soundtrack on the Blu-ray edition [PAR] Audio commentary featuring director Mike Leigh [PAR] New video conversation between Leigh and musical director, Gary Yershon [PAR] Leigh\u2019s 1992 short film A Sense of History, written by and starring actor Jim Broadbent [PAR] Deleted scenes [PAR] Featurette from 1999 including interviews with Leigh and cast members [PAR] Theatrical trailer and TV spots [PAR] PLUS: A booklet featuring a new essay by film critic Amy Taubin [PAR] New cover by Yuko Shimizu [PAR] Current Posts [PAR] Topsy-Turvy: Great Performances [PAR] By Amy Taubin March 28, 2011 [PAR] Topsy-Turvy is both an anomaly among the films of Mike Leigh and, contrary as it may seem, a Rosetta stone. On the one hand, it is Leigh\u2019s only costume picture and only biopic\u2014a far cry from the . . . Read more \u00bb [PAR] Three Reasons [PAR] Topsy-Turvy: Great Performances [PAR] By Amy Taubin March 28, 2011 [PAR] Topsy-Turvy is both an anomaly among the films of Mike Leigh and, contrary as it may seem, a Rosetta stone. On the one hand, it is Leigh\u2019s only costume picture and only biopic\u2014a far cry from the . . . Read more \u00bb [PAR] Press Notes: The Mikado and Topsy-Turvy [PAR] April 13, 2011 [PAR] Critics are whistling a happy tune about our twin Gilbert and Sullivan releases on DVD and Blu-ray: the 1939 Victor Schertzinger Technicolor adaptation of The Mikado and Topsy-Turvy, Mike Leigh\u2019 . . . Read more \u00bb [PAR] Film Essays [PAR] Topsy-Turvy: Great Performances [PAR] By Amy Taubin March 28, 2011 [PAR] Topsy-Turvy is both an anomaly among the films of Mike Leigh and, contrary as it may seem, a Rosetta stone. On the one hand, it is Leigh\u2019s only costume picture and only biopic\u2014a far cry from the . . . Read more \u00bb [PAR] Interviews [PAR] Dressing for Leigh: An Interview with Lindy Hemming [PAR] By Sam Wasson March 24, 2011 [PAR] Costumer Lindy Hemming began her decades-long collaboration with Mike Leigh at London\u2019s Hampstead Theater Club, where the director, with his now legendary method of extended improvisation, was . . . Read more \u00bb [PAR] Three Reasons"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In the human body, what is a hallux valgus more commonly ... In the human body, what is a hallux valgus more commonly known as? | febb [PAR] 1 reply on \u201cIn the human body, what is a hallux valgus more commonly known as?\u201d [PAR] says:[DOC] [TLE] Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary [PAR] Hallux | definition of hallux by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hallux [PAR] Related to hallux: hallux limitus [PAR] hallux [PAR] [hal\u00b4uks] (pl. hal\u00b4luces) (L.) [PAR] the great toe. [PAR] hallux flex\u00b4us hallux rigidus . [PAR] hallux mal\u00b4leus hammer toe affecting the great toe. [PAR] hallux ri\u00b4gidus painful flexion deformity of the great toe with limitation of motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [PAR] hallux val\u00b4gus angulation of the great toe toward the other toes of the foot. [PAR] hallux va\u00b4rus angulation of the great toe away from the other toes of the foot. [PAR] great toe [I] [PAR] [TA] [PAR] the first digit of the foot. [PAR] /hal\u00b7lux/ (hal\u00b4uks) pl. hal\u00b4luces [L.] the great toe. [PAR] hallux doloro\u00b4sus a painful condition of the great toe, usually associated with flatfoot. [PAR] hallux flex\u00b4us h. rigidus . [PAR] hallux mal\u00b4leus hammer toe affecting the great toe. [PAR] hallux ri\u00b4gidus painful flexion deformity of the great toe with limitation of motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [PAR] hallux val\u00b4gus angulation of the great toe toward the other toes. [PAR] hallux va\u00b4rus angulation of the great toe away from the other toes. [PAR] hallux [PAR] (h\u0103l\u2032\u0259ks) [PAR] n. pl. halluces (h\u0103l\u2032y\u0259-s\u0113z\u2032, h\u0103l\u2032\u0259-) [PAR] 1. The innermost or first digit on the hind foot of certain mammals. The human hallux is commonly called the big toe. [PAR] 2. A homologous digit of a bird, reptile, or amphibian. In birds, it is often directed backward. [PAR] hallux [PAR] Etymology: L, hallex, large toe [PAR] the great toe. Also spelled hallex. [PAR] hal\u00b7lux [PAR] The great toe; the first digit of the foot. [PAR] [a Mod. L. form for L. hallex (hallic-), great toe] [PAR] hallux [PAR] The big toe. [PAR] hallux [PAR] the first digit on the hind foot of vertebrates, such as the big toe in humans. [PAR] hallux [PAR] the first, great or big toe. hallux rigidus is a stiff and painful toe resulting from osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint. In hallux valgus the toe bends at this joint towards the second toe, and the joint bulges from the side of the foot. Can result in permanent displacement (possibly with a degree of external rotation) greater than 10%. Additional friction from poorly fitting footwear can result in a bursa, and the prominence of bone-plus-bursa is known as a bunion . [PAR] hallux [PAR] great toe; first toe [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] everted rearfoot [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] In brief, mass was measured utilizing a digital scale, tarsus depth was measured with calipers at the midpoint of the tarsus in a front-to-back direction, hallux length was measured as the cord length from the junction of the anterior surface of the talon at the point the claw meets the skin of the toe to the tip of the claw, exposed culmen length was measured with calipers as the cord length between the tip of the beak and the junction of the beak and cere, wing cord was measured with a ruler from the closed wing from the carpal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Branches of zoological study - The Free Dictionary Branches of zoological study - definition of Branches of zoological study by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Branches of zoological study - definition of Branches of zoological study by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Branches+of+zoological+study [PAR] (z\u014d-\u014fl\u2032\u0259-j\u0113, zo\u035eo-) [PAR] n. pl. zo\u00b7ol\u00b7o\u00b7gies [PAR] 1. The branch of biology that deals with animals and animal life, including the study of the structure, physiology, development, and classification of animals. [PAR] 2. The animal life of a particular area or period: the zoology of Alaska; the zoology of the Pleistocene. [PAR] 3. The characteristics of a particular animal group or category: the zoology of mammals. [PAR] 4. A book or scholarly work on zoology. [PAR] zo\u00b7ol\u2032o\u00b7gist n. [PAR] Usage Note: Traditionally, the first syllable of zoology has been pronounced as (z\u014d), rhyming with toe. However, most likely due to the familiarity of the word zoo (which is merely a shortened form of zoological garden), the pronunciation of the first syllable as (zo\u035eo) is also commonly heard. In 1999, 88 percent of the Panelists found the (z\u014d-) pronunciation acceptable, and 60 percent found the (zo\u035eo-) pronunciation acceptable, with 68 percent using the (z\u014d-) pronunciation and 32 percent using the (zo\u035eo-) pronunciation in their own speech. Thus, while both pronunciations can be considered acceptable, the (z\u014d-) pronunciation may be perceived as more scientific. [PAR] zoology [PAR] 1. (Zoology) the study of animals, including their classification, structure, physiology, and history [PAR] 2. (Zoology) the biological characteristics of a particular animal or animal group [PAR] 3. (Zoology) the fauna characteristic of a particular region [PAR] 4. (Zoology) a book, treatise, etc, dealing with any aspect of the study of animals [PAR] zoological, zoologic adj [PAR] the scientific study of animals, including characteristics, physiology, development, classification, etc. [PAR] [1660\u201370] [PAR] The scientific study of animals, including their growth and structure. [PAR] Zoology [PAR] 1. the study of the geographical distribution of animals. [PAR] 2. the study of the causes, effects, and other relations involved in such distributions. \u2014 zoogeographer, n. [PAR] zoological classification; the scientific classification of animals. [PAR] zoology [PAR] 1. The study and classification of animals. [PAR] 2. Study of animals. [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] zoology - all the animal life in a particular region or period; \"the fauna of China\"; \"the zoology of the Pliocene epoch\" [PAR] aggregation , collection , accumulation , assemblage - several things grouped together or considered as a whole [PAR] biota , biology - all the plant and animal life of a particular region [PAR] avifauna - the birds of a particular region or period [PAR] animal group - a group of animals [PAR] 2. [PAR] zoological science [PAR] siphon , syphon - a tubular organ in an aquatic animal (especially in mollusks) through which water can be taken in or expelled [PAR] hood - (zoology) an expandable part or marking that resembles a hood on the head or neck of an animal [PAR] plastron - (zoology) the part of a turtle's shell forming its underside [PAR] collar - (zoology) an encircling band or marking around the neck of any animal [PAR] protective coloration - coloration making an organism less visible or attractive to predators [PAR] pallium , mantle - (zoology) a protective layer of epidermis in mollusks or brachiopods that secretes a substance forming the shell [PAR] cloaca - (zoology) the cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals) at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts open [PAR] venous blood system , venation - (zoology) the system of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flamingos - I Only Have Eyes For You - 1959 - Salestron Flamingos - I Only Have Eyes For You - 1959 - Music Videos,Lyrics [PAR] Flamingos - I Only Have Eyes For You - 1959 Lyrics [PAR] Help preserve America's Music Tradition and suggest your lyrics here. [PAR] Flamingos - I Only Have Eyes For You - 1959 [PAR] Playlist: [PAR] Pause [PAR] Some trivia about Flamingos - I Only Have Eyes For You - 1959 [PAR] \"I Only Have Eyes for You\" is a popular song by composer Harry Warren and lyricist Al Dubin, written in 1934 for the film Dames where it was introduced by Dick Powell and Ruby Keeler. [PAR] According to Billboard magazine, the song was a #2 hit for Ben Selvin in 1934. The orchestras of Peter Duchin and Anson Weeks also figured in the song's 1934 popularity, and was used the following year in the film, \"The Woman in Red,\" produced by Warner Brothers, starring Barbara Stanwyck and Gene Raymond. This song was recorded in 1950 by Peggy Lee, and most notably by The Flamingos in 1959, becoming one of their most popular hits. Rolling Stone magazine ranked the Flamingos' version #157 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. This version peaked at #11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song is a jazz standard, and has been covered by thousands of musicians. [1] [PAR] Play time: 3:15 [PAR] FACEBOOK - CLICK HERE to see our top picks of the day on our music group on Facebook! To post this song into Facebook...just copy the URL and past it into the Facebook comment field [PAR] More Flamingos Free Music Videos and songs [PAR] To Listen and watch Artist Flamingos album music videos... Just click on the song title links that you see below, to play. [PAR] Your Free Music Videos Playlist [PAR] By default, we play all of our songs randomly selected from our playlist; however, you can choose the songs you want played by selecting all or some songs below and adding them to your playlist. You can also browse all songs and update your playlist at View/Edit Your Playlist . [PAR] Step 1: Select your Free Music Videos. Step 2: click on 'Add Selections' button to update your list. Step 3: When you're logged in and ready, just click on 'Play Your Playlist' button. [PAR] To stop playing from your playlist and to play all of our songs, just click on 'Play All Songs' button [PAR] Status [PAR] When completed, click on either Play Your Playlist or Play All Music Videos [PAR] Flamingos Song Tracks [PAR] Flamingos - If I Can't Have You - 1953 [3:00] - A very early Flamingos record, in fact their [PAR] Flamingos - Jump Children - 1959 [3:04] - The Flamingos are a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted [PAR] The Flamingos - Near You - 1959 [2:27] - The Flamingos are a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted [PAR] FAQ: Salestron Eclectic Video Jukebox Playlist [PAR] Hit F11 key to full screen this site. Our Oldies Music \u266b Nostalgia Cloud is designed to allow you to sit back, listen, and watch free and legal music videos as we automatically shuffle, select and play old favorites such as \"Flamingos - I Only Have Eyes For You - 1959\" from our eclectic streaming video radio station jukebox playlist! Listen to the best songs from 1910s to the present! Over one hundred years of music! [PAR] The MP3 music videos, lyrics, artist and album trivia are presented to you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Easter Island - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Easter Island - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Early Settlement [PAR] The first human inhabitants of Rapa Nui (the Polynesian name for Easter Island; its Spanish name is Isla de Pascua) are believed to have arrived in an organized party of emigrants around 300-400 A.D. Tradition holds that the first king of Rapa Nui was Hoto-Matua, a ruler from a Polynesian subgroup (possibly from the Marquesa Islands) whose ship traveled thousands of miles before landing at Anakena, one of the few sandy beaches on the island\u2019s rocky coast. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] After the decline of the moai culture, a new cult of bird worship developed on Easter Island. It was centered on a ceremonial village called Orongo, built on the rim of the crater of the Rano Kao volcano. [PAR] The greatest evidence for the rich culture developed by the original settlers of Rapa Nui and their descendants is the existence of nearly 900 giant stone statues that have been found in diverse locations around the island. Averaging 13 feet (4 meters) high, with a weight of 13 tons, these enormous stone busts\u2013known as moai\u2013were carved out of tuff (the light, porous rock formed by consolidated volcanic ash) and placed atop ceremonial stone platforms called ahus. It is still unknown precisely why these statues were constructed in such numbers and on such a scale, or how they were moved around the island. [PAR] Phases of Island Culture [PAR] Archaeological excavations of Easter Island reveal three distinct cultural phases: the early period (700-850 A.D.), the middle period (1050-1680) and the late period (post-1680). Between the early and middle periods, evidence has shown that many early statues were deliberately destroyed and rebuilt as the larger and heavier moai for which the island is most famous. During the middle period, ahus also contained burial chambers, and the images portrayed by moai are thought to have represented important figures that were deified after death. The biggest statue found dating to the middle period measures about 32 feet tall, and consists of a single block weighing about 82 tons (74,500 kilograms). [PAR] The late period of the island\u2019s civilization was characterized by civil wars and general destruction; more statues were toppled, and many mataa, or obsidian spearpoints, have been found dating to that period. Island tradition claims that around 1680, after peacefully coexisting for many years, one of the island\u2019s two main ethnic groups, known as the Short-Ears, rebelled against the Long-Ears, burning many of them to death on a pyre constructed along an ancient ditch at Poike, on the island\u2019s far northeastern coast. [PAR] Outsiders on Easter Island [PAR] The first known European visitor to Easter Island was the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, who arrived in 1722. The Dutch named the island Paaseiland (Easter Island) to commemorate the day they arrived. In 1770, the Spanish viceroy of Peru sent an expedition to the island; the explorers spent four days ashore and estimated a native population of some 3,000 people. Just four years later, the British navigator Sir James Cook arrived to find Easter Island\u2019s population decimated by what seemed to have been a civil war, with only 600 to 700 men and fewer than 30 women remaining. [PAR] A French navigator, Jean-Francois de Galaup, comte de La Perouse, found 2,000 people on the island when he arrived in 1786. A major slave raid from Peru in 1862, followed by epidemics of smallpox, reduced the population to only 111 people by 1877. By that time, Catholic missionaries had settled on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Down The Rabbit Hole by by Peter Abrahams: Summary and reviews Down The Rabbit Hole by by Peter Abrahams: Summary and reviews [PAR] Excerpt [PAR] Book Summary [PAR] Welcome to Echo Falls. Home of a thousand secrets, where Ingrid Levin-Hill, super sleuth, never knows what will happen next (Ages 10+). [PAR] Welcome to Echo Falls. Home of a thousand secrets, where Ingrid Levin-Hill, super sleuth, never knows what will happen next. [PAR] Ingrid is in the wrong place at the wrong time. Or at least her shoes are. Getting them back means getting involved in a murder investigation rivaling those solved by her idol, Sherlock Holmes, and Ingrid has enough on her plate with club soccer, school, and the plum role of Alice in the Echo Falls production of Alice in Wonderland. But much as in Alice's adventures down the rabbit hole, things in Ingrid's small town keep getting curiouser and curiouser. Her favorite director has a serious accident onstage (but is it an accident?), and the police chief is on Ingrid's tail, grilling her about everything from bike-helmet law to the color of her cleats. Echo Falls has turned into a nightmare, and Ingrid is determined to wake up. Edgar Award\u0096nominated novelist Peter Abrahams builds suspense as a smart young girl finds that her small town isn't nearly as safe as it seems. [PAR] One [PAR] Ingrid Levin-Hill, three weeks past her thirteenth birthday, sat thinking in her orthodontist's waiting room. You're born cute. Babies are cute. Not hard to guess why\u0097it's so everyone will forgive them for being such a pain. You grow a little older, and people say, \"What beautiful hair,\" or \"Get a load of those baby blues,\" or something nice that keeps you thinking you're still on the cuteness track. Then you hit twelve or thirteen and boom, they tell you that everything needs fixing. Waiting in the wings are the orthodontist, the dermatologist, the contact lens guy, the hair-tinting guy, maybe even the nose-job guy. You look at yourself in the mirror, really look at yourself, for the first time. And what do you see? Oh my God. [PAR] Two orthodontists divided the business in Echo Falls: Dr. Lassiter, who didn't mind pulling a tooth or two to speed things along, and Dr. Binkerman, who liked to say he'd turn in his ...[DOC] [TLE] Down the Rabbit Hole \u00ab Book-A-Day Almanac Down the Rabbit Hole \u00ab Book-A-Day Almanac [PAR] A FEW OTHER EVENTS FOR [PAR] MARCH 18: [PAR] Happy birthday Barbro Lindgren (Sam\u2019s Cookie), Susan Patron (The Higher Power of Lucky), Diane Siebert (Heartland), Douglas Florian (Insectlopedia), and Kaethe Zemach (Ms. McCaw learns to Draw). [PAR] It\u2019s the birth date of Rudolf Diesel (1858\u20131913) inventor of the diesel engine. Read Hansel and Diesel by David Gordon. [PAR] It\u2019s a sad day for those who love art and believe in access for all. In 1990, 12 paintings worth around $300 million were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Works by Degas, Vermeer, Rembrandt, and Manet were among the abducted. The museum continues to offer a large reward for any information about the theft. [PAR] The game\u2019s afoot. For all Sherlock Holmes fans, from March 16-18 in Cape May, New Jersey, the Sherlock Holmes Weekend takes place. Everyone attending the event at the Inn of Cape May, preferably in Victorian attire, will be attempting to solve a mystery. [PAR] Well, I wish I could be there\u2014for no other reason than to don one of those great Victorian hats. For those who can\u2019t and are hunting for a good mystery for young"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Arab Emirates Land Statistics - World Atlas United Arab Emirates Land Statistics - World Atlas [PAR] Coastline: 818 miles (1,318 km) [PAR] Land Area: [PAR] (land) 32,278 sq miles (83,600 sq km) [PAR] (water) 0 sq miles (0 sq km) [PAR] (TOTAL) 32,278 sq miles (83,600 sq km) [PAR] To convert sq km (kilometers) to sq mi (miles) [PAR] Land Area: (all countries) [PAR] Land Divisions: There are 7 emirates in the United Arab Emirates. They are Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah and Umm al Qaywayn [PAR] Horizontal Width: 251.09 miles (404.08 km) from As Sila east to Al Ayn [PAR] Vertical Length: 140.23 miles (225.68 km) from Hamim north to Bani Yas [PAR] Note: Lengths and widths are point-to-point, straight-line measurements from a Mercator map projection, and will vary some using other map projections [PAR] Bordering Countries: (2) Oman, Saudi Arabia [PAR] Geographic Center: About 43.61 miles (70.18 km) northeast of Bida Zayed [PAR] Highest Point: Jabal Yibir 5,666 ft. (1,727 m) [PAR] Lowest Point: Persian Gulf 0m[DOC] [TLE] Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates - TEN Guide Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates - TEN Guide [UAE] [PAR] A Member of The Emirates Network [PAR] Home : The Basics : The Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates [PAR] Abu Dhabi (aboo dub-bee): It is the federal capital of the United Arab Emirates and is the largest Emirate in the UAE. The name Abu Dhabi means 'Father of the Gazelle'. Visitors coming from the state of the art Abu Dhabi International Airport will find many nice surprises as they pass the Al Maqtaa Bridge. The central part of the emirate is found on an Island known as Abu Dhabi City, and the island was connected to the mainland by two bridges. Abu Dhabi City is a beautiful garden city of boulevards, green parks, and water fountains. [PAR] Dubai (do-bay or do-buy): Dubai is a city of contrasts, where the old and new [PAR] makes it a mysterious exciting place to it's visitors. It is a very welcoming city and increasingly becoming very well known worldwide. Some people believe \"Dubai' is a shorter form of the word \"Daba\" meaning a prospering or florishing market. It has several names such as the City of Gold because of its famed Gold Market, and The City that Cares since the merchants set aside money from its promotions for charities. Dubai has worked very hard to achieve its fame. It is also the venue of many major world class sporting events such as the Dubai Desert Classic Gulf Tournament, the ATP-sanctioned Dubai Tennis Championships, the Dubai Sevens (Rugby Meetings), the Emirates Grand Prix (off-shore Power Boat Championship), the UAE Desert Challenge, and the Dubai World Cup (the world's richest horse-race). [PAR] Sharjah or ash Shariqah [PAR] (shar-ja): This city is also known as The City of Knowledge. It is known for it beautiful and impressive achitectual buildings, mosques, museums and distinctive Islamic designed souqs. It is a great place to visit and see the Al Buheirah Corniche and its local resturants such as The Al Sha-abiah Resturant on the Corniche and the Fisherman's Wharf overlooking the poolside and Khalid's Lagoon. Sharjah has many beautiful gardens and a nice atmosphere. Being in Sharjah gives you easy access to Dubai and Ajman. Sharjah also encompasses some beautiful oasis areas such as Al Dhaid where you can see many vegetables and fruit such as strawberries being grown. [PAR] Ajman (aj-man): This is the smallest Emirate of the United Arab Emirates and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Happened in 1935 inc. Pop Culture, Prices and Events What Happened in 1935 including Pop Culture, Significant Events, Key Technology and Inventions [PAR] How Much things cost in 1935 [PAR] Average Cost of new house $3,450.00 Average wages per year $1,600.00 [PAR] Cost of a gallon of Gas 10 cents [PAR] Average Cost for house rent $22.00 per month [PAR] A loaf of Bread 8 cents [PAR] A LB of Hamburger Meat 11 cents [PAR] Average New Car Price $625.00 [PAR] Canada Dry Ginger Ale 20 Cents [PAR] Couple of House Price Examples from 1935 [PAR] Mansfield, Ohio -- Farm and House with 160 acres with brick built house barns and spring fed water $4,000 [PAR] Lincoln, Nebraska -- 6 room brick bungalow large lot double garage 3 bedrooms den and loft $6,000 [PAR] Below are some Prices for UK guides in Pounds Sterling [PAR] Average House Price 530 [PAR] United States --- The Boulder (Hoover) Dam [PAR] The Boulder (Hoover) Dam is completed. [PAR] More Information and Timeline for the Hoover Dam [PAR] 1. The Reclamation Act is signed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902, it allows engineers to research how to control and use the Colorado River. [PAR] 2. In 1920 , the US Congress passed the Kinkaid Act, which asked for the Secretary of the Interior to look into the problems of the Imperial Valley. [PAR] 3. The Fall-Davis report is given to the US Congress and it recommends building a dam on the Colorado river near Boulder Canyon in 1922. [PAR] 4. The Boulder Canyon Project Act is passed by Congress and signed by President Calvin Coolidge in December of 1928. [PAR] 5. Herbert Hoover takes over negotiations about the proposed dam and it moves forward when an agreement is reached between the seven basin states in 1929. [PAR] 6. In 1931 bids for construction of the dam are placed and Six Companies are awarded the contract of $48,890,995. [PAR] 7. Construction begins in 1932 when the Colorado River is diverted around the construction site. [PAR] 8. On June 6th, 1933, the first concrete is poured for the construction of the Hoover Dam. [PAR] 9. On May 29th, 1935, the last concrete is poured at the Hoover Dam. [PAR] 10. The Boulder (Hoover) Dam is dedicated on September 30th of 1935. [PAR] 11. By 1947 , the Boulder Dam is officially named the Hoover Dam. [PAR] [PAR] creates The WPA or Works Progress Administration to create millions of jobs [PAR] More Information and Timeline for the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act [PAR] 1. The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 created the Works Progress Administration, one of the most well-known programs to come out of FDR's New Deal. [PAR] 2. The WPA was a work-relief program that employed people to build airports, roads, bridges, public buildings and public parks. [PAR] 3. It was renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939 and was decreased in size. [PAR] 4. In 1943 the public program was ended because of WWII and a worker shortage. [PAR] 5. Overall, it had offered employment to nearly 9 million people during its run and spent over eleven billion dollars. [PAR] 6. The WPA employed both men and women and it also contributed to the arts in the USA by employing artists to create sculptures and mosaics that would decorate parks and public buildings. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] United States --- Social Security Act [PAR] President Roosevelt signs the US Social Security Act on October 22nd Providing Unemployment compensation and pensions for the elderly. [PAR] More Information and Timeline for the Social Security"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carry on Camping (Gerald Thomas,) @ film-hunter.com Carry on Camping (Gerald Thomas,) @ film-hunter.com [PAR] Carry on Camping [PAR] Mrs. Fussey [PAR] Gerald Thomas [PAR] Plot: Sid and Bernie keep having their amorous intentions snubbed by their girlfriends Joan and Anthea. The boys suggest a camping holiday, secretly intending to take them to a nudist camp. Of course they end up in the wrong place, and meet up with the weirdest bunch of campers you can imagine! Coach loads of sex-starved schoolgirls and bands of hippies all add to the laughs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] February 11, 1990: Nelson Mandela freed from jail after 27 ... February 11, 1990: Nelson Mandela freed from jail after 27 years in captivity - BT [PAR] [PAR] February 11, 1990: Nelson Mandela freed from jail after 27 years in captivity [PAR] Veteran anti-apartheid campaigner walks free from a South African prison more than a quarter of a century after being jailed for life alongside fellow ANC leaders. [PAR] Share this [PAR] Print this story [PAR] South African anti-apartheid campaigner Nelson Mandela was released from prison after 27 years of incarceration on this day in 1990. [PAR] Mandela left Victor-Verster Prison in the Western Cape province and walked hand-in-hand with his wife Winnie, punching the air in celebration and waving at the crowds of supporters who had come to witness his moment of freedom. [PAR] As shown in the archive news report above, the couple were then driven to Cape Town, where the 71-year-old deputy president of the African National Congress (ANC) addressed a crowd of 50,000 who had gathered outside its City Hall. [PAR] Claiming to be \u201coverwhelmed\u201d at the reception he was given, his speech underlined his commitment to peace, but he warned that the ANC's armed campaign would continue as \"a purely defensive action against the violence of apartheid\u201d for as long as necessary. [PAR] Mandela had been sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for sabotage and conspiring to violently overthrow the state, along with seven other ANC leaders. [PAR] He spent the first 18 years of his sentence in the notorious prison on Robben Island, off the Cape Town coast, mainly undergoing hard labour in a lime quarry. He was transferred to a mainland prison in 1982 before arriving at Victor-Verster in 1988. [PAR] He had refused early release on previous occasions due to the attached conditions affecting him and his party; with the relaxation of apartheid laws and the lifting of a ban on the ANC by South African President FW de Klerk, he was now able to go free unconditionally. [PAR] Do you remember Nelson Mandela being released? What do you think is his legacy? Let us know in the Comments section below. [PAR] Nelson Mandela \u2013 Did you know? [PAR] He was born Rolihlahla Mandela on July 18, 1918, in Mvezo, Eastern Cape. In local dialect, Rolihlahla roughly translates as 'troublemaker'. [PAR] Raised as a Christian by his mother, Mandela was the first of his family to attend school, where on the first day his teacher gave each child an English name \u2013 in his case, Nelson. He later said he had no idea why she chose that name for him. [PAR] When his father died, the nine-year-old Mandela was put under the guardianship of Thembu tribal regent Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo and his wife. He would later state that this upbringing in a royal household taught him a great deal about politics and diplomacy. [PAR] He studied for a year at the University of Fort Hare in Eastern Cape; though he met future ANC President Oliver Tambo and other anti-imperialism campaigners there, he himself did not become involved in their activities at that point. [PAR] After the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960, the leadership of the ANC moved the party toward armed insurrection, with Mandela creating its guerrilla arm Umkhonto we Sizwe, (Spear of the Nation); their activities largely involved sabotage bombings of infrastructure. [PAR] When first imprisoned on Robben Island, Mandela has housed in an 8ft by 7ft cell, and was categorised as a class D prisoner - as such, he was only allowed to receive one visitor and one heavily-censored"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sing A Song Of Six Pence | Nursery Rhymes by Hooplakidz ... Sing A Song Of Six Pence | Nursery Rhymes by Hooplakidz - YouTube [PAR] Sing A Song Of Six Pence | Nursery Rhymes by Hooplakidz [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 21, 2011 [PAR] Download HooplaKidz Christmas Songs on iTunes http://vid.io/xo26 [PAR] Sing Along to one of the most popular songs Sing A Song of Six Pence nursery rhymes by Hooplakidz and have fun watching and learning !!! [PAR] Lyrics to Sing Along :- [PAR] Sing a song of sixpence, [PAR] A pocket full of rye; [PAR] Four and twenty blackbirds [PAR] When the pie was opened, [PAR] The birds began to sing; [PAR] Wasn't that a dainty dish [PAR] To set before the king? [PAR] The king was in his counting house, [PAR] Counting all the money; [PAR] The queen was in the parlor, [PAR] Eating bread with honey [PAR] The maid was in the garden, [PAR] Hanging out the clothes; [PAR] When down came a blackbird [PAR] Who snapped off her nose! [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] Play now [PAR] Mix - Sing A Song Of Six Pence | Nursery Rhymes by HooplakidzYouTube [PAR] I Hear Thunder | Nursery Rhymes Songs Collection | From HooplaKidz - Duration: 1:24:42. HooplaKidz - Nursery Rhymes for Children 122,499 views [PAR] 1:24:42 [PAR] Five Little Ducks | Plus Lots More Nursery Rhymes | 74 Minutes Compilation from LittleBabyBum! - Duration: 1:14:37. LittleBabyBum \u00ae 514,026,027 views [PAR] 1:14:37 [PAR] Johny Johny Yes Papa and Many More Videos | Popular Nursery Rhymes Collection by ChuChu TV - Duration: 1:06:05. ChuChu TV Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs 1,023,648,749 views [PAR] 1:06:05 [PAR] The Animals Went In Two By Two | Nursery Rhymes by Hooplakidz - Duration: 5:02. HooplaKidz - Nursery Rhymes for Children 7,927,596 views [PAR] 5:02 [PAR] Hush Little Baby Lullaby Collection | Songs for Babies to Sleep by HooplaKidz | 66 Min - Duration: 1:06:13. HooplaKidz - Nursery Rhymes for Children 18,844,288 views [PAR] 1:06:13 [PAR] New [PAR] 1:10:26 [PAR] Sing A Song Of Six Pence | Nursery Rhymes | Popular Nursery Rhymes by KidsCamp - Duration: 1:17. KidsCamp - Nursery Rhymes 1,751,810 views [PAR] 1:17 [PAR] Wheels On The Bus | Plus Lots More Nursery Rhymes | 54 Minutes Compilation from LittleBabyBum! - Duration: 54:13. LittleBabyBum \u00ae 1,745,231,272 views [PAR] 54:13 [PAR] My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean Song | Songs For Children by Hooplakidz - Duration: 3:13. HooplaKidz - Nursery Rhymes for Children 6,523,897 views [PAR] 3:13 [PAR] It's Raining It's Pouring | Nursery Rhymes | Popular Nursery Rhymes For Kids by Hooplakidz - Duration: 1:48. HooplaKidz - Nursery Rhymes for Children 7,271,527 views [PAR] 1:48[DOC] [TLE] Blackbird: Turdus merula | Environment | The Guardian Blackbird: Turdus merula | Environment | The Guardian [PAR] Turdus merula [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Blackbirds are famously vocal and are the subject of many well-known songs and verses. In the popular nursery rhyme Sing a Song of Sixpence, 24 were baked in a pie, but even that didn't stop them singing. Only the male bird is black - females are brown with a streaky breast. Males have a bright yellow beak and ring around their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] vitellus - Wiktionary vitellus - Wiktionary [PAR] vitellus [PAR] vitellus \u200e( countable and uncountable , plural vitelli or vitelluses ) [PAR] (biology) The contents or substance of the ovum ; egg yolk . [PAR] 1861, F. Rymer Jones, The General Structure of the Animal Kingdom (page 48) [PAR] In the sarcodo there takes place a process which may be in some measure compared with what occurs in the vitellus after the fecundation of an ovum. The granules becoming united together form groups, which soon divide and subdivide [\u2026] [PAR] (botany) Perisperm in an early condition."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] April 2015 Issue by Old Town Crier - issuu April 2015 Issue by Old Town Crier - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] From the Bay to the Blue Ridge [PAR] From the Bay [PAR] CALVERT MARINE MUSEUM BOAT BUILDING To the Blue Ridge [PAR] HATS ON FOR SPRING! It\u2019s Race Season Road Trip [PAR] THE MARITIME REPUBLIC OF EASTPORT Civil Discourse [PAR] THE WAR ENDS \u2026 OR DOES IT? Across the Bridge [PAR] NATIONAL HARBOR [PAR] The Harbor Is Waking Up! [PAR] oldtowncrier.com [PAR] Setting The Standard In 2006 Old Town For 35 Years AWARD OF EXCELLENCE [PAR] AND THE PAST 15 YEARS [PAR] 115115 KingKing Street Street \u2022 Old Town Alexandria Old Town Alexandria 703-836-8404 \u2022 landinibrothers.com 703-836-8404 [PAR] G -11 pm N I RK :30 [PAR] PArday 5 T E AL atu [PAR] V y&S a [PAR] Valet Parking Friday & Saturday 5-11 pm [PAR] Noe and Franco welcome you! [PAR] COME FOR THE FUN, STAY FOR THE FOOD! [PAR] Old Town\u2019s Favorite Raw Bar Featuring the Freshest Shellfish in Virginia [PAR] Fish Market has continued to rise above the tide with its winning recipe for success\u2013good, fresh seafood, excellent service and a great location. Such dedication to high quality and customer service has helped launch Fish Market as an Old Town landmark since 1976! [PAR] 105 & 107 King St. Old Town Alexandria [PAR] 703.836.5676 fishmarketva.com [PAR] Eat Fish, Drink Beer, Live Longer! [PAR] april\u201915 A Division of Crier Media Group OTC Media LLC PO Box 320386 Alexandria, Va. 22320 [PAR] 9 [PAR] 18 24 [PAR] phone: 703. 836. 0132 office@oldtowncrier.com oldtowncrier.com Published the first week of every month. Worth waiting for! PUBLISHER Bob Tagert MARKETING & ADVERTISING Lani Gering Bob Tagert SOCIAL MEDIA & WEBSITE Laura Parker DESIGN & PRODUCTION Electronic Ink 9 Royal Street, SE Leesburg, Va. 20175 Chris Anderson Peggie Arvidson Sarah Becker F. Lennox Campello Steve Chaconas Doug Coleman Ashley Denham Busse Doug Fabbioli Nicole Flanagan Lani Gering [PAR] CONTRIBUTORS Frances Killpatrick Miriam Kramer Jeff McCord Laura Parker Julie Reardon Chester Simpson Bob Tagert Carl Trevisan Ryan Unverzagt Lori Welch Brown [PAR] 8 [PAR] 38 [PAR] Financial Focus [PAR] \u00a9 2015 Crier Media Group, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written consent of the publisher. The Old Town Crier is published monthly and distributed to selected Alexandria residents, hotels, restaurants and retail shops. Also distributed in the Annapolis, Fredericksburg, Blue Ridge and Washington, DC areas as well as St. John, USVI. [PAR] About the cover The Confederate Statue that stands facing south at the intersection of North Washington and Prince streets in Old Town Alexandria. The inscription reads: ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF THE CONFEDERATE DEAD OF ALEXANDRIA, VA BY THEIR SURVIVING COMRADES MAY 24th 1889 THIS MONUMENT MARKS THE SPOT FROM WHICH THE ALEXANDRIA TROOPS LEFT TO JOIN THE CONFEDERATE FORCES MAY 24, 1861 Photo: BobTagert [PAR] Old Town Crier [PAR] On the road with OTC Torrington, Wyoming resident Dick Glandt borrowed long time Old Town Crier reader and subscriber Donna Beth Downer\u2019s November issue and took it with him to the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Dick and his wife Marilyn were vacationing in France. The OTC really gets around! If you would like to see your picture here, take the OTC with you on your next trip, snap a high resolution photo and send it along with information for the caption to office@oldtowncrier.com. [PAR] April 2015 | 1 [PAR] PUBLISHER\u2019S NOTES BOB TAGERT [PAR] SPRING EVENTS March [PAR] Water Taxi to National Mall: Cherry Blossom Festival Service March 21 - April 12,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Info\u2192Teardrop \u2014 MASSIVEATTACK.IE Info\u2192Teardrop \u2014 MASSIVEATTACK.IE [PAR] Filming Location: Towerbridge Studios, London, UK [PAR] Date Of Filming: 25th - 26th March 1998 [PAR] Video Duration: 04:44 [PAR] Teardrop began life as a simple harpsichord riff plucked by Neil Davidige one April day in 1997. Mushroom who was the first in the band to hear this solitary riff, took an immediate liking to it and he and Neil Davidige set to further work on it adding sombre piano chords and beats. [PAR] The working title for it at this time was \u201cNo Don\u2019t\u201d. Mushroom\u2019s (whose attachment to the song was very high) number one choice for vocalist for the song was none other than Madonna, who Massive Attack had previously worked with back in 1995 on I Want You . However, both 3D and Daddy G who had both now heard the early demo of the song at this stage, had another vocalist entirely in mind, Elizabeth Fraser of the Cocteau Twins. [PAR] In the two against one split, eventually Mushroom lost out even though not before sending the backing track for Teardrop to Madonna who was apparently in love with the track and was disappointed when the rest of Massive Attack informed her that they already had a vocalist for the song. This is just one of the many occurrences one could cite for Mushroom\u2019s gradual disliking for Massive Attack and of course, gradual departure from the band in 1999. [PAR] Additional Info [PAR] Teardrop Is Used As The Main Theme For The Hit Fox TV Show \u201cHouse\u201d starring Hugh Laurie. [PAR] Elizabeth Fraser wrote and sang the lyrics for Teardrop soon after famous singer/songwriter Jeff Buckley, her boyfriend at the time had perished in a drowning accident. Some speculate that the lyrics for Teardrop were reflective of her mood at the time and might even subtlety be about Jeff Buckley\u2019s death. [PAR] Teardrop was the first single released to promote Mezzanine, even though it was not the first single release from the album, what with Risingson being released nearly a year before in the summer of 1997. [PAR] The producers behind the 1999 Academy Awarding winning film \u201cAmerican Beauty\u201d had intended to use Teardrop as the main musical theme to accompany the film. Massive Attack objected to the song\u2019s use in the film after reading a brief synopsis of what the film was about. After seeing the finished film, 3D would later comment on how it was a mistake to deny \u201cAmerican Beauty\u201d the use of Teardrop, when the film turned into the big critical success of 1999 at the box office. [PAR] Teardrop is used as the opening theme music for each episode of the popular medical drama \u201cHouse\u201d in North America. The producer of the show, Bryan Singer , explicitly wanted Teardrop to be used as the theme tune. However due to licensing issues, outside of the North American market, the Teardrop theme music is replaced by a generic piece of music composed by the show\u2019s in-house composers. This is the music which is usually heard in all broadcast versions in all regions outside of North America. This other generic piece of theme music was composed to sound very similar to Teardrop without actually being it as the producers could\u2019nt get the rights to the song outside of North America, which has led to some confusion and arguments between fans of the show in North America and internationally. To further complicate the matter, the DVD releases of House outside of North America have begun, from the second season of the show onwards to include the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Books Make Up the Bible? - Church of the Great God What Books Make Up the Bible? [PAR] What Books Make Up the Bible? [PAR] Related [PAR] Which Bible Translation Is Best? [PAR] Most modern versions of the Bible contain 66 books, 39 in the Old Testament and 27 in the New Testament. Originally, the number of books in the Bible was 49 because the Jews divide the 39 Old Testament books into 22 books by combining several books into one (e.g., they combine the twelve Minor Prophets into one book). The New Testament canon has remained stable at 27 books since early times. A complete list appears below. [PAR] Old Testament [PAR] I. The Gospels and Acts [PAR] 1. Genesis [PAR] II. The Epistles of Paul [PAR] 6. Joshua-Judges [PAR] 7. Book of Kingdoms (I & II Samuel, I & II Kings, considered one book) [PAR] 7. I Corinthians [PAR] 11. The Twelve (The \"Minor\" Prophets, considered one book) [PAR] 11. Philippians [PAR] 21. Ezra-Nehemiah (considered one book) [PAR] 22. Chronicles (considered one book) [PAR] The church of God does not accept the Apocrypha (the books of Esdras, Tobit, Judith, The Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, the books of Maccabees, etc.) or any other so-called apostolic or early church writings as canonical. [PAR] [PAR] The Berean: Daily Verse and Comment [PAR] Sign up for the Berean: Daily Verse and Comment , and have Biblical truth delivered to your inbox. This daily newsletter provides a starting point for personal study, and gives valuable insight into the verses that make up the Word of God. See what over 135,000 subscribers are already receiving each day. [PAR] Email Address: [PAR] [PAR] We respect your privacy. Your email address will not be sold, distributed, rented, or in any way given out to a third party. We have nothing to sell. You may easily unsubscribe at any time."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chartwell House Tour: Home of Sir Winston Churchill Chartwell House Tour: Home of Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] Chartwell House Tour: Home of Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] Chartwell House Tour: Home of Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] Product ID: 43114 [PAR] English [PAR] Pick-up service [PAR] Pick-up at central London hotels is possible, but an extra fee may be charged due to the London Congestion Charge. [PAR] Select date and participants: [PAR] Tour the personal home of Sir Winston Churchill and the attached Churchill Museum [PAR] See dozens of Churchill\u2019s paintings in the gallery [PAR] Explore the orchards and gardens planted by Churchill and his wife [PAR] Choose an option that includes a visit to General Wolfe\u2019s Quebec House [PAR] Great day out! [PAR] Fabulous home and grounds and equally fabulous guide - Stephen. Extremely knowledgeable, accommodating and organized. I would highly recommend any tour with him. [PAR] CAROLYN from GETTYSBURG, United States [PAR] Overview [PAR] Visit Chartwell House, the home of legendary Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. Set in the beautiful hills of Kent, you\u2019ll find large gardens, a gallery of Churchill\u2019s paintings, and a small museum as well. Opt to add a visit to Quebec House. [PAR] What to Expect [PAR] Your guide will meet you at your hotel or a convenient train/tube station, and you\u2019ll head off on a private drive through the English countryside on this 1-3 hour tour. The duration of the tour depends on whether you choose to add a visit to Quebec House. [PAR] Set in the beautiful rolling hills of Kent, and just a short drive south of London, lies the family home of legendary former Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill. [PAR] The house is exactly as Churchill left it and much of the gardens are as he arranged them. It's well worth taking some time to explore the gardens and the larger estate. [PAR] Churchill was one of the most talented figures in history in the political arena, as was also an accomplished writer, historian, and artist. Many of his paintings are on display in a gallery on the estate. [PAR] Close by is Quebec House, the home of General Wolfe, who captured Quebec. You can visit the house in addition to Chartwell House for an additional fee. [PAR] What's Included [PAR] Admission to the house and gardens [PAR] Complimentary hot/cold drinks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dhaka | national capital, Bangladesh | Britannica.com Dhaka | national capital, Bangladesh | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, Bangladesh [PAR] Bangladesh [PAR] Dhaka, also spelled Dacca, city and capital of Bangladesh . It is located just north of the Buriganga River, a channel of the Dhaleswari River , in the south-central part of the country. Dhaka is Bangladesh\u2019s most populous city and is one of the largest metropolises in South Asia. Pop. (2001) city, 5,333,571; metro. area, 9,672,763; (2011) city, 7,033,075; metro. area, 14,543,124. [PAR] Night view of Dhaka, Bangladesh. [PAR] Meer Abdul Qadir (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Boat traffic on the Buriganga (\u201cOld Ganges\u201d) River, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [PAR] Hubertus Kanus/SuperStock [PAR] History [PAR] Dhaka\u2019s name is said to refer to the dhak tree, once common in the area, or to Dhakeshwari (\u201cThe Hidden Goddess\u201d), whose shrine is located in the western part of the city. Although the city\u2019s history can be traced to the 1st millennium ce, the city did not rise to prominence until the 17th century, when it served as the capital of the Muslim Mughal dynasty of Bengal province (1608\u201339 and 1660\u20131704). It was the centre of a flourishing sea trade, attracting English, French, Armenian, Portuguese, and Dutch traders. [PAR] Historic buildings of the Muslim period include Lal Bagh fort (1678) and its tomb of Bibi Pari (died 1684), wife of a governor of Bengal; the Bara Katra (great caravansary , a building historically used for sheltering caravans and other travelers; 1664); the Chhota Katra (small caravansary; 1663); and Husayni Dalan (a religious monument of the Sh\u012b\u02bfite branch of Islam; 1642). Other 17th-century buildings include the Hindu Dhakeshwari temple and Tejgaon church, built by the Portuguese. [PAR] With the removal of the provincial capital to Murshidabad (1704) and the weakening of the muslin industry, Dhaka entered a period of decline. It passed under British control in 1765 and was constituted a municipality in 1864, but it continued to lose prominence until it was designated the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam province (1905\u201312). During the early 20th century Dhaka served as a commercial centre and seat of learning. Following the end of British rule, when the region became a part of Pakistan , it was named the capital of East Bengal province (1947) and of East Pakistan (1956). Dhaka suffered heavy damage during the war of independence in 1971 but emerged as the capital of Bangladesh. [PAR] The contemporary city [PAR] Mymensingh [PAR] Since its establishment as the capital city, the population, area, and social and economic diversity of Dhaka have grown tremendously. Together with its river port of Narayanganj , 10 miles (16 km) to the south, Dhaka now is one of the most densely industrialized regions in the country. Traditional products include jamdani (fine-quality muslin), embroidery, silk, and jewelry. Among the city\u2019s major industries are jute processing and the manufacture of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, leather goods, ceramics, and electronics products. A strong export-oriented garment industry emerged in the late 20th century. [PAR] The area around Dhaka consists of a level plain bounded by the Meghna , Padma ( Ganges [Ganga]), and Jamuna ( Brahmaputra ) rivers. The plain is crossed by a network of streams and rivers, the chief being the Dhaleswari, Buriganga, and Sitalakhya. Important crops are rice, jute, sugarcane, and oilseeds; there is also some cattle farming. [PAR] The city contains several universities, among which the University of Dhaka (1921), the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (1962), and Jahangirnagar University (1970) are prominent. Dhaka is also home to numerous government colleges, a nuclear-science training and research centre, the national"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Albert Hall, London | Events & Tickets | Map, Travel ... Royal Albert Hall, London | Events & Tickets | Map, Travel & Seating Plan [PAR] Venue Details [PAR] Directions [PAR] From High St Kensington tube station, exit station and turn right. Follow High St Kensington into Kensington Gore. The Albert Hall is on the right. [PAR] From South Kensington, walk up Exhibition Road turn left into Kensington Gore. The Albert Hall is on the Left. [PAR] Parking [PAR] Parking is very restricted around the Albert Hall. However, a small number of spaces is available at Imperial College car park located nearby - priced at \u00a38.00. To book a space call the box office on 020 7589 8212. [PAR] Public Transportation [PAR] Nearest tube: High St Kensington and South Kensington. Bus routes: 9, 10, 52. 70, 360, 452 (all direct routes). [PAR] For the latest London travel information visit http://www.tfl.gov.uk/journeyplanner [PAR] Or text TFL to 60835 [PAR] Box Office Numbers [PAR] Ticketmaster UK 0844 844 0444, international 00 44 161 425 7563 [PAR] Box Office Hours [PAR] 08:00am - 20:00pm [PAR] Box Office Collection Accepted [PAR] Tickets may be collected from door 12 on the evening of the performance an hour before the show. Take the credit card and ticketmaster reference number. [PAR] Accessible Seating [PAR] For more information on disabled access please contact the box office on 0207 070 4410 or visit www.royalalberthall.com/yourvisit/accessibility/faqs/ (copy to browser) [PAR] General Rules"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE BEATLES - ALBUM COVER DESIGNS \u2014 Peter Stern THE BEATLES - ALBUM COVER DESIGNS \u2014 Peter Stern [PAR] THE BEATLES - ALBUM COVER DESIGNS [PAR] Richard Hamilton -The Beatles White Album Cover Design [PAR] [PAR] In one of Richard Hamilton's last filmed interviews, he tells the story of how he designed the Beatles White Album cover. The previous Beatles record, Sgt Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover was designed by the English Pop Artist, Peter Blake. which is packed full of Blake\u2019s now iconic imagery. Together with Paul McCartney, they decided that the next Beatles cover should be the total opposite of the Sgt Pepper\u2019s design, and Richard created a minimalist white double cover sleeve. The Beatles record label, EMI had concerns, but Paul McCartney, who commissioned Richard, persuaded EMI to allow the design to go ahead. [PAR] The Beatles White Album is probably the first album to be known by the cover design and not the actual name of the album, which is simply, \u201cThe Beatles\u201d.[DOC] [TLE] New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake ... New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday | Art and design | The Guardian [PAR] Peter Blake [PAR] New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday [PAR] Amy Winehouse, JK Rowling, Noel Gallagher, Mick Jagger and the Monty Python foot to feature in update of 1967 original [PAR] The new artwork featuring British cultural icons selected by Sir Peter Blake to mark his 80th birthday. Photograph: Sir Peter Blake/Vintage festival/PA [PAR] Sunday 1 April 2012 19.01 EDT [PAR] First published on Sunday 1 April 2012 19.01 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 4 years old [PAR] British pop artist Sir Peter Blake has taken inspiration from his most famous artwork \u2013 the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club album cover \u2013 to celebrate the British cultural figures he most admires as he marks his 80th birthday. [PAR] Twiggy, Amy Winehouse , Grayson Perry, JK Rowling and even Monty Python's emblematic foot all feature in a reworked version of the 1967 cover created for his birthday celebrations. [PAR] Blake, often called the godfather of the British pop art scene, said: \"I've chosen people I admire, great people and some who are dear friends. [PAR] \"I had a very long list of people who I wanted to go in but couldn't fit everyone in \u2013 I think that shows how strong British culture and its legacy of the last six decades is.\" [PAR] Singer Noel Gallagher, formerly of Oasis, was \"chuffed\" to be included. \"To be on there with the likes of Vivienne Westwood , Mick Jagger and Paul Weller, just those three people alone, is amazing for me as I wouldn't put myself up with any of those,\" he said. [PAR] Rowling said: \"Given that I've devoted quite a lot of time to gazing at the original Sgt Pepper album cover, you can perhaps imagine what it means to me to be featured.\" [PAR] Playwright Tom Stoppard said his inclusion was \"an honour that outdoes delirium\" while singer Elvis Costello said: \"I always dreamed that I might one day stand in the boots of [Liverpool footballer] Albert Stubbins.\" [PAR] The original 1967 artwork also featured James Dean, Bob Dylan, Karl Marx and Marilyn Monroe. [PAR] The new version has been created for a special birthday celebration of Blake's life at Wayne Hemingway's Vintage festival at Boughton House, Northamptonshire, in July. [PAR] Hemingway, co-founder of the Red or Dead fashion brand, said: \"The new artwork is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gopik financial definition of Gopik - Financial Dictionary Gopik financial definition of Gopik [PAR] Gopik financial definition of Gopik [PAR] http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gopik [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary . [PAR] Gopik [PAR] A subdivision of the Azerbaijani manat . One gopik is equal in value to 1/100 of a manat. See also: Cent . [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] White Hunter Black Heart (1990) - IMDb White Hunter Black Heart (1990) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] White Hunter Black Heart ( 1990 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] A thinly fictionalized account of a legendary movie director, whose desire to hunt down an animal turns into a grim situation with his movie crew in Africa. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 08 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 17 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2015 [PAR] Title: White Hunter Black Heart (1990) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] As the film opens on an Oklahoma farm during the depression, two simultaneous visitors literally hit the Wagoneer home: a ruinous dust storm and a convertible crazily driven by Red, the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Clint Eastwood plays a veteran detective who gets stuck with a rookie cop (Charlie Sheen) to chase down a German crook (Raul Julia.) [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] An idealistic, modern-day cowboy struggles to keep his Wild West show afloat in the face of hard luck and waning interest. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Can an over-the-hill journalist uncover the evidence that can prove a death row inmate's innocence just hours before his execution? [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] A hard but mediocre cop is assigned to escort a prostitute into custody from Las Vegas to Phoenix, so that she can testify in a mob trial. But a lot of people are literally betting that they won't make it into town alive. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A hard-nosed, hard-living Marine gunnery sergeant clashes with his superiors and his ex-wife as he takes command of a spoiled recon platoon with a bad attitude. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Still recovering from a heart transplant, a retired FBI profiler returns to service when his own blood analysis offers clues to the identity of a serial killer. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A career thief witnesses a horrific crime involving the U.S. President. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A pilot is sent into the Soviet Union on a mission to steal a prototype jet fighter that can be partially controlled by a neuralink [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Wes Block is a detective who's put on the case of a serial killer whose victims are young and pretty women, that he rapes and murders. The killings are getting personal when the killer ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Richard Tuggle [PAR] A classical art professor and collector, who doubles as a professional assassin, is coerced out of retirement to avenge the murder of an old friend. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] Skip tracer Tommy Nowak is tracking Lou Ann McGuinn for a bail bondsman in California. Lou Ann is also being chased by her husband Roy McGuinn and his birth right/neo-nazi"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theiler | Define Theiler at Dictionary.com Theiler | Define Theiler at Dictionary.com [PAR] Theiler [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Max, 1899\u20131972, South African medical scientist, in the U.S. after 1922: Nobel Prize in medicine 1951. [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for Theiler [PAR] Expand [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Theiler [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Max. 1899\u20131972, US virologist, born in South Africa, who developed a vaccine against yellow fever. Nobel prize for physiology or medicine 1951 [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A&M Records' Greatest Hits | Rolling Stone A&M Records' Greatest Hits | Rolling Stone [PAR] A&M Records' Greatest Hits [PAR] A&M Records' Greatest Hits [PAR] On the label's 50th anniversary, founders Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss remember five decades of classic records [PAR] 15 [PAR] All Stories [PAR] \"As Dizzy Gillespie used to say, 'The closer I get, the farther it looks,'\" Herb Alpert says of how he's feeling about the 50th anniversary of A&M Records, the label he founded in 1962 with partner Jerry Moss (the \"M\" to Alpert's \"A\"). \"The crazy part is how quickly it all goes.\" [PAR] Alpert shouldn't worry about A&M's legacy disappearing anytime soon, as is made clear by the release last week of A&M 50: THE ANNIVERSARY COLLECTION \u2013 a three-disc, 60-song set that takes the listener through the hits that turned a tiny artist-driven imprint into one of the most important, era-defining names in popular music. \"I was on a major label for a year and a half, and I had a real 'a-ha' experience,\" says Alpert, a successful trumpet player and bandleader before starting A&M. \"I didn't like how artists were treated, and I filed that feeling away. I thought, 'If I ever get a chance to have my own company, it'll be a true artist label, and revolve around the artist.'\" Once freed from his major-label deal, Alpert began the new label with a handshake deal with Moss in his garage. \"We had a huge advantage,\" Alpert says. \"There was no board of directors \u2013 just Jerry and myself. We made decisions quickly, and signed artists we liked.\" [PAR] The original plan was to release Alpert's own single \"Tell It To The Birds,\" as well as Charlie Robinson's \"Love Is Back in Style,\" featuring a trumpet solo by Alpert. They scraped together $2,000 to produce and manufacture the two songs. \"Herb's record was a hit,\" Moss recalls. \"It sold several thousand copies, which was enough to get us going.\" A&M continued to be a vehicle for Alpert to release his music, from his breakthrough Sixties smash \"The Lonely Bull\" with his group the Tijuana Brass to the 1979 disco groover \"Rise,\" which rose to the top of the Billboard Hot 100 and went on to win a Grammy. (Decades later, \"Rise\" was memorably sampled by Puff Daddy for the Notorious B.I.G. 's 1997 smash \"Hypnotize\"). But A&M grew to be more than a record company \u2013 it was a cultural curator, home to many of the most innovative pop artists of the next few decades. In the Seventies, A&M released classic sides from powerhouse performers like Joe Cocker and singer-songwriter superstars like Cat Stevens and Carole King . In the Eighties, the label made household names out of New Wave mavericks like the Police and the Human League, and turned Janet Jackson into the megawatt persona she is today. In the Nineties, A&M joined the alt-rock revolution, signing grunge icons like Soundgarden . [PAR] That's just a partial list of the platinum-plaque scoring, award-winning multitudes on the A&M roster, which grew so flush that Alpert and Moss's initial $1000 investment turned into $500 million dollars when the company was sold to Polygram in 1989. (Further mergers later made it part of Universal Music Group's lucrative Interscope-Geffen-A&M division, where it is now home to artists including Maroon 5 and K'naan.) Alpert and Moss stayed on at the imprint until 1993, when they signed their final artist \u2013 a then-unknown talent named Sheryl Crow . Through each period, however, A&M's modus operandi remained the same, according to Moss. \"The whole"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mendelssohn: Paulus, Op. 36 (St Paul) on CD, SACD ... Mendelssohn: Paulus, Op. 36 (St Paul) on CD, SACD & download (MP3 & FLAC) - Buy online from Presto Classical [PAR] BBC National Chorus of Wales & BBC National Orchestra of Wales , Richard Hickox [PAR] Chandos is very pleased to announce the return of Mendelssohn\u2019s St Paulus (sung in German) to the Chandos catalogue. Its re-issue to Chandos Classics places this acclaimed recording at a highly competitive price, and timed to coincide with the composer\u2019s anniversary celebrations. [PAR] On the original release, the recording acquired such comments as \u2018Not only is the musicianship impressive throughout, the approach is brisk and businesslike, with no hint of the sentimentality which can all too easily dog Mendelssohn.\u2019 (The Organ) [PAR] \u2018Another superb performance from Hickox, who gets a quartet of tremendous soloists and a first-rate orchestra and chorus\u2026 One of this year\u2019s musts.\u2019 (Cathedral Music) [PAR] \u201cComposed in the wake of (and influenced by) Mendelssohn's epoch-making performance of Bach's St Matthew Passion, Paulus is an impressive work whose punchy choruses bring out the best in Hickox.\u201d BBC Music Magazine, August 2009 **** [PAR] \u201cIn brushing any Victorian cobwebs away, Hickox tends to favour speeds on the fast side, never sounding hurried but, more importantly, never sounding heavy or pompous as other German versions often do. Choral singing is excellent.\u201d Penguin Guide, 2011 edition[DOC] [TLE] Oratorium | Article about Oratorium by The Free Dictionary Oratorium | Article about Oratorium by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Oratorium | Article about Oratorium by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Oratorium [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] oratorio [PAR] (\u00f4r\u0259t\u00f4r`\u0113\u014d), musical composition employing chorus, orchestra, and soloists and usually, but not necessarily, a setting of a sacred libretto without stage action or scenery. The immediate forerunner of oratorio, Emilio del Cavaliere's sacred opera La rappresentazione di anima e di corpo applied the techniques of the newly created opera to the sacra rappresentazione, the Italian mystery play. Cavaliere's work was performed in 1600 in one of the buildings known as the oratories of St. Philip Neri Philip Neri, Saint [PAR] , 1515\u201395, Italian reformer. His original name was Filippo Romolo de' Neri. From boyhood he was religious, and in 1533 he went to Rome to study. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . Soon afterward there developed the oratorio volgare, also in Italian, which employed a testo, or narrator, to advance the action of the story. By c.1640 the term oratorio had come to stand for the work itself rather than the place in which it was given, and 10 years later the Latin oratorio was given definitive form in the works of Giacomo Carissimi Carissimi, Giacomo [PAR] , 1605\u201374, Italian composer. Most of his life was spent in Rome, where he wrote chamber cantatas in a style that lasted for over a century. His Latin oratorios, of which Jephtha [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . His style was carried to France by his pupil Marc Antoine Charpentier, but the oratorio did not flourish there. Carissimi's influence is also discernible in the oratorios of Heinrich Sch\u00fctz Sch\u00fctz, Heinrich [PAR] , 1585\u20131672, German composer; pupil of Giovanni Gabrieli. From 1617 until his death he was director of music at the Dresden court. His first German work was his Psalmen Davids (1619), in which he used the new monodic, or declamatory, style. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. and of Handel. After Carissimi the only outstanding Italian oratorios are those of his pupil Alessandro Scarlatti, of which 14"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Smashwords \u2013 The Cross of Love \u2013 a book by Barbara Cartland Smashwords \u2013 View book [PAR] Subject: [PAR] Describe your issue [PAR] Have a question not already answered in the links at left or on our main FAQ page ? Ask it above. [PAR] The Cross of Love [PAR] By Barbara Cartland [PAR] This book is no longer published. [PAR] For other books by Barbara Cartland, view Barbara Cartland's Smashwords author profile page . It's possible you may find an newer edition of this book there. Alternatively, if you don't find an another version, the author profile page may provides links to the author's web site and social media. You could try contacting the author there and ask them to return the book to Smashwords. [PAR] For other books published by M-y Books, view M-y Books's Smashwords publisher profile page . It's possible you may find an newer edition of this book there. Alternatively, if you don't find an another version, the publisher profile page may provides links to the publisher's web site and social media. You could try contacting the publisher there and ask them to return the book to Smashwords. [PAR] FOR FASTER ANSWERS, CHECK THESE LINKS BEFORE YOU EMAIL US: [PAR] Authors/Publishers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Periodic Table of Elements - Elements Database Periodic Table of Elements - Elements Database [PAR] Periodic Table of Elements - Elements Database [PAR] Periodic Table [PAR] Our periodic table of chemical elements presents complete information on the chemical elements including the chemical element symbol, atomic number, atomic weight and description. The links below lead to the detailed description of most well known chemical elements. Our periodic table information can be useful for chemistry and physics students, as well as science researchers.You can test your Periodic Table knowledge with our Periodic Table Quiz . [PAR] Dynamic Periodic Table [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The periodic table images below are copyrighted by ElementsDatabase.com and may not be used without permission. [PAR] Origins of the Periodic Table of Elements [PAR] The Periodic Table displays all known chemical elements which are grouped by chemical properties and atomic structure. [PAR] Copper, silver, gold, mercury, tin, lead, and other elements have been known since ancient times and were used to make jewelry, coins, and tools. Phosphorus became the first element to be discovered by Hennig Brand in 1649. It is known as the first scientific discovery of a chemical element. [PAR] Early Systematization Attempts [PAR] A total of 63 elements have been discovered by 1869. However, the first attempts at systematization occurred in 1829 and 1862. Johan Dobereiner grouped chemical elements into triads, and De Chancourtois formulated a chart with closely related elements. [PAR] Mendeleev's Periodic Table [PAR] It was only in 1869 when Dmitri Mendeleev, an inventor and chemist of Russian origin, discovered the Periodic Law and organized all chemical elements in columns and rows. The elements were organized based on their physical and chemical properties. [PAR] The Extended Periodic Table [PAR] It is still to be discovered how far the Periodic Table of Elements extends. According to the American scientist Glenn Seaborg, element 130 is the highest possible. Attempts were made to synthesize several new elements, including unbiseptium, unbihexium, unbiquadium, and unbibium. [PAR] Periodic Table Grouping [PAR] The Periodic Table includes 18 groups, and each group contains elements with similar chemical and physical properties of the outermost electron shells. The so called typical elements are found in the first two rows. [PAR] Groups [PAR] Group 1 of the Periodic Table groups together the alkali metals while group 2 contains all alkaline earth metals. The noble gases and halogens are in groups 18 and 17, respectively. The Periodic Table groups elements into the cobalt, chromium, vanadium, scandium, copper, cobalt, and other groups. [PAR] Periods [PAR] There are 7 periods of elements that group elements with similar properties. Period 1 contains two elements, helium and hydrogen while period 7 contains radioactive elements. The rare earth elements are found in period 6. Many period 6 elements are toxic, heavy, and radioactive. [PAR] Blocks [PAR] Blocks combine adjacent groups and are also called element families. There are 4 blocks in the Periodic Table - f, d, p, and s. The f block includes inner transition elements and the d block is made of transition elements. The p block includes post-transition metals, semimetals, and nonmetals, with the exception of helium and hydrogen. The s block contains alkaline earths and alkali metals. [PAR] Major Categories [PAR] The major categories are metalloids, nonmetals, and metals, and most elements in the Periodic Table are metals. Metals are malleable, shiny, and ductile while nonmetals lack metallic properties and are volatile. Metalloids share properties with both nonmetals and metals. [PAR] Periodic Table Curious Facts [PAR] The Most Expensive Element [PAR] Lutetium is a metal and the most expensive chemical element available. The price of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ENpodcast - Free english podcasts - Freddie Mercury ENpodcast - Free english podcasts - Freddie Mercury [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Freddie Mercury [PAR] Freddie Mercury was the most famous and legendary rock star of all times. His real name was Farrokh Bulsara. However, even his official passport read Frederick Mercury. He hated if somebody called him anything but Freddie. He chose his first name prior to his arrival to England. He added \u201cMercury\u201d when Queen first started. [PAR] Though Freddie was homosexual and never concealed it, he had a wife. Her name was Mary Austin. They were always incredibly close. Freddie was always saying that she was his best friend and that he didn't want any other friends except her. The song \u201cLove Of My Life\u201d was about Mary. After his death, Freddie left her most of his money, his house and his recording royalties. [PAR] Freddie Mercury was a big cat lover. He had more than ten cats and he even wrote a song about his favorite one Delilah. While on tour, from time to time Freddie called home to talk to his pets. Mary brought the cats to the phone so they could listen to him speak. [PAR] Freddie Mercury graduated Ealing Art College and took the degree in Art and Graphic design. He was the one who designed the Queen emblem also known as \u201cThe Queen Crest.\u201d [PAR] Mercury was the legendary performer. He had a recorded range of three, almost four, octaves. Most of his singing fell in the tenor range. [PAR] Freddie never thought of himself as a great pianist. He was always afraid of performing \u201cBohemian Rhapsody\u201d in concert. He worried that he would mess everything up. Later he didn't use the piano in his records that much. Therefore, in the concerts he was free to run and dance during his performances. [PAR] Though Freddie was so full of pep on the stage, he was a very shy person in his life and rarely gave interviews. He always felt very lonely and tried to fight this feeling with the help of countless parties. [PAR] Freddie's assistants always had to have a pen and paper with them in case inspiration suddenly hit. Lyrics for \u201cLife is real\u201d were written while he was flying over the Atlantic Ocean. Lyrics for \u201cCrazy little thing called love\u201d Freddie made up while taking a bath. He suddenly got inspired and started to write a song. He even had a piano brought to the bathroom so he could compose. [PAR] In the concert, Freddie Mercury was in the best shape only after some great emotional stress. Once there was an incident with his current boyfriend Bill Reid. They bawled on each other for several hours. Next day Freddie woke up completely hoarse. Since Queen was scheduled to perform on Saturday Night Live, the entire day Freddie tried to get his voice back. [PAR] Freddie Mercury was an amazing singer! He was always so abundantly and deliciously alive. He created so many unfading masterpieces. However, his impetuous way of life ruined him. He died in the prime of life. As they say, the good die young. [PAR] Vocabulary list: [PAR] prior to \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 [PAR] to conceal \u2013 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [PAR] to take degree \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c [PAR] crest \u2013 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0430\u0436 [PAR] range \u2013 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d; \u0440\u044f\u0434, \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c [PAR] to mess up \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [PAR] full of pep \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 [PAR] stage \u2013 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 [PAR] to fight back \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f (\u0441 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438) [PAR] countless \u2013 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 [PAR] to bawl \u2013 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planets in Science Fiction - Concordances and Characters ... Planets in Science Fiction | Concordances and Characters | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Planets in Science Fiction [PAR] Share [PAR] Several generations of science fiction plots have been set on celestial bodies other than the Earth, with the Moon and Mars being the favorite locations inside the Solar System during in the early decades of the genre. While the Moon and Mars are perennial favorites as locations, fictional planets beyond Sol System predominated as settings in more recent decades. [PAR] During the first decades of science fiction Mars was probably the most common extraterrestrial location for science fiction stories because little was known about its surface conditions before the first Mariner space probes. Astronomer Percival Lowell's conviction that he had observed canals on Mars was taken at face value by many and writers like Robert A. Heinlein and Ray Bradbury imagined the red planet as resembling the American Southwest, an arid world with an elder and presumably dying race. In contemporary science, Mars is now depicted primarily as a planet successfully terraformed by authors like John Barnes and Kim Stanley Robinson or as the location for archaeological excavations of alien ruins by authors like Geoffrey A. Landis. During the early-to-mid 20th century Venus was also a popular setting. Earth's sister planet was usually depicted as a warm, wet, jungle-covered and marsh-covered world where life was plentiful, with often thinly-veiled allegories of the European colonization of tropical Africa or Southeast Asia. Subsequent science fiction stories about extrasolar terrestrial planets have tended to continue the tradition of seeing them as either deserts or swamps. Creativity, in short, has been lacking. [PAR] Note that the names of planets described in the doctrines of some religious groups, the faux planets in parodies and the hypothetical planets in nonfiction popular science are strikingly similar to names of fictional planets in science fiction. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The following is a list of extra-solar planets, moons and asteroids appearing in science fiction novels, short stories, films, television series and videogames. Moons and asteroids are indicated by (moon) after the named object. Where possible page numbers in the source or series name and date of the television episode together with alternative names are also indicated. [PAR] Although the names of many of the gods of classical Greco-Roman religion are employed to name extra-solar worlds, many authors have adopted rough naming conventions that depart significantly from that used in the Sol System to date. The planets named in Isaac Asimov's Foundation series betray a familiarity with the real place names of the ancient Eastern Mediterranean. The planets named in the Star Wars universe often combine consonants un-separated by vowels and vowels un-separated by consonants. The worlds of Star Wars suffer from repetition; for example compare Tatooine, Dantooine, Handooine and Klatooine or compare Dagobah and Xagobah. [PAR] Keith Laumer employs the amusingly homespun place naming convention of the American West. Despite the historical example of American states and cities, Canadian provinces and cities, and islands in the South Pacific comparatively few planets are named by placing the words \u201cNew\u201d or \u2018Nova\u201d before the name of an existing place name in Europe. Charles Stross is the major exception to this generalization. [PAR] Most of the planets named by science fiction authors are either clearly very Earth-like or are hostile rocks with thin atmosphere. Planets like the large number of gas giants discovered by astronomers in the last decade are rare. So too are terrestrial planets marginal for human habitation. Terrestrial planets are often designated with a Roman"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] APO REEF NATURAL PARK - Department of Environment and ... APO REEF NATURAL PARK [PAR] APO REEF NATURAL PARK [PAR] APO REEF NATURAL PARK [PAR] The 34-square kilometer Apo Reef in Occidental Mindoro is the second largest contiguous coral reef in the world and the largest in the country. It is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. [PAR] The Apo Reef Natural Park lies approximately 33 kilometers off the coast of Sablayan in the province of Occidental Mindoro. The coral reefs cover a total area of 34 square kilometers, making it the second largest contiguous coral reef in the world, next only to the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. [PAR] [PAR] Also considered as the second largest atoll-like reef in the country, Apo Reef consists of two separate coral reefs that are separated by a 30-meter deep channel with a fine white sand bottom, numerous mounds and patches of branching corals under the deep blue water. [PAR] Three islands comprise the Apo Reef Natural Park. Apo Menor or Binangaan Island is marked of limestone rock with few vegetation. Cayos del Bajo Island is a coralline rock formation with no vegetation. Apo Island, the largest of the three at 22 hectares, features a shallow lagoon surrounded by a mangrove forest that benefit many of the coastal and marine species in the area, as well as a sanctuary for sea birds. [PAR] It is in Apo Island where park rangers who patrol the reef\u2019s boundaries have put up their quarters, as well as basic amenities for visiting divers \u2013 except potable water or electricity. It also features a historic lighthouse that dates back to the Spanish Colonial Period. [PAR] The Apo Reef Natural Park, including its peripheral buffer zone, is a marine sanctuary and is thus a \u201cno-take zone\u201d. This means fishing within the reef is banned. It is a popular site for tourists, who bask in its fine white sands, leisurely stroll along boardwalks within the mangrove area, or marvel at the extremely diverse coral species and other marine life that include sharks and rays. [PAR] The Apo Reef was proclaimed as a protected area under the category of Natural Park by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 868 issued in 1996. In May 2006, the DENR\u2019s Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) submitted the reef for consideration as a World Heritage Site of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). [PAR] Its protection and conservation is a joint effort of the DENR, the local government unit, and civil society. [PAR] To know more about:The country\u2019s protected areas, click: http://pawb.gov.ph/ [PAR] Apo Reef on the World Heritage List, click: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5033/ [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2017. All Rights Reserved [PAR] Department of Environment and Natural Resources * [PAR] Visayas Avenue, Diliman, 1100 Quezon City, Philippines [PAR] +63-2-929-6626"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Host City of the 2010 Winter Games | City of Vancouver Host City of the 2010 Winter Games | City of Vancouver [PAR] Host City of the 2010 Winter Games [PAR] Media centre [PAR] Host City of the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games [PAR] In February and March of 2010, Vancouver took its place on the world\u2019s stage by hosting the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. [PAR] The Games were an rare opportunity for Vancouver to create an amazing and memorable experience for locals, visitors, and athletes. [PAR] The lasting legacy of the 2010 Winter Games [PAR] The City continues to see an excellent return on investments made in the 2010 Winter Games, from sustainable community centres to public art, community involvement, and transportation infrastructure. [PAR] Artwork that will live on in the city [PAR] As part of the legacy component of the Games, the City commissioned a collection of light-based artworks and sculptural installations to animate Games venues and locations around the city. All of the works, but one, are permanent. [PAR] A leading sustainable community [PAR] The Olympic Village housed 2,800 athletes and officials during the Games. Now a residential community, it is one of the greenest communities in the world, making Vancouver a leader in sustainable development. [PAR] Award-winning recreation facilities [PAR] The facilities used for the Games (Creekside and Hillcrest community centres, as well as the Killarney and Trout Lake rinks) were planned as a community recreation legacy: budgeted, designed, constructed, and converted with the specific post-Games use in mind. [PAR] A community of volunteers [PAR] Learn how you can volunteer for public events, emergencies, and disasters with the Vancouver Volunteer Corps. [PAR] Did you know?[DOC] [TLE] Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics - results & video highlights Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics - results & video highlights [PAR] Official Reports arrow [PAR] The venues for the Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games stretched over a 120-kilometre zone from Richmond, through downtown Vancouver and north to the mountain resort of Whistler. Drawing on both new and existing facilities, VANOC\u2019s goal was to create spectacular theatres for sport that provide top conditions for athletes and a welcome place for spectators to experience the excitement of competition. [PAR] Vancouver Venues Overview [PAR] The 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games events in Vancouver included curling, figure skating, ice hockey, sledge hockey, short-track speed skating and wheelchair curling. [PAR] Speed skating took place in Richmond, while the snowboard and freestyle skiing events were hosted at Cypress Mountain in the District of West Vancouver. The Olympic Games Opening and Closing Ceremonies, as well as the Paralympic Games Opening Ceremony, were staged indoors at BC Place in Vancouver city centre. [PAR] Whistler Venue Overview [PAR] For the 2010 Winter Games, Whistler hosted Olympic and Paralympic Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing and biathlon, as well as Olympic Nordic combined, ski jumping, bobsleigh, luge and skeleton. Olympic and Paralympic Villages and media facilities were located in Vancouver and Whistler. [PAR] Quick Facts about the Vancouver 2010 Winter Games [PAR] 17 days of Olympic Games events [PAR] 2566 athletes [PAR] 10,000 media representatives [PAR] 3 billion television viewers worldwide [PAR] The city of Vancouver was elected host city of the XXI Olympic Winter Games in 2010 at the 115th IOC Session in Prague on 2 July 2003. Eight cities applied to host the Games: Andorra la Vella (Andorra), Bern (Switzerland), Harbin (China), Jaca (Spain), PyeongChang (Republic of Korea), Salzburg (Austria), Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina) and Vancouver (Canada). [PAR] The following cities were accepted as Candidate Cities to host the XXI Olympic Winter Games in 2010 by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ACUNS \u2013 Femicide: A Global Problem ACUNS \u2013 Femicide: A Global Problem [PAR] FRA Violence against Women Survey by Sami Nevala, Statistician Freedoms & Justice Department [PAR] Dr. Michael Platzer of the Vienna ACUNS Liaison Office opened the discussion, outlining the issue and referring to a movie coming out soon on femicide, called It\u2019s a Girl. The side-event started with a projection of a short clip on femicide, providing an understanding of the phenomenon in India: \u201cI wanted to check the sex of the child, because having another daughter would increase the liability, in that you educate a daughter, you invest money, and then she leaves the house. [\u2026] The intention of killing infant girls by gender-related abortion, by infanticide, or by neglect and discrimination leading to death cuts across social and economic boundaries. It occurs in wealthy and poor families, and in many countries. In India gender-related abortion of some 10 million girls over the last two decades has led to an alarming gender gap. On average, only 899 girls are born for every 1,000 boys. It is estimated that 50 million women and girls are missing. The phenomenon is as old as many cultures. It reflects the low esteem, in which many women are held in many societies, where a girl is seen is a burden, a boy is seen as an essentially economic asset.\u201d [PAR] Ms. Angela Me (Chief, Statistics and Surveys Section, UNODC) presented data on the killing of women in the context of global homicide, as presented in The Global Study of Homicide (October 2011). Looking at the global data, it appeared that men are most vulnerable. 80% of victims are men and most perpetrators are also men. Particularly in the Americas, but overall as well, and varying across regions, it is mostly men that are killed. Why then discuss femicide? The great majority of women are killed in the domestic context and this is not an issue of a specific country/region. She showed evidence (graphs and statistics) to support this statement. In Europe half of the women killed in 2008-2010 were killed by a family member. For men it is just 15%. There is a clear relation between the killing of women and the killing due to partner and family violence. In North America the percent of family and partner violence-related femicide reaches 70%. Policies on homicide focus on street violence or organized crime, leaving aside domestic violence. For some women the most unsecure place is their own home. What of the governments\u2019 responses? How many people were prosecuted and convicted? At present there is no sufficient data on this. There is a need to invest more on data on crime prevention and criminal justice. [PAR] Dr. Anna Alvazzi del Frate (Research Director, Small Arms Survey) mentioned the work they are doing in Geneva on small arms and prevention and reduction of arms violence. They also use homicide as a proxy in their research, such as in The Global Burden of Armed Violence, prepared in support of the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (a diplomatic initiative to which 112 countries have adhered, which aims at a measurable reduction of armed violence by 2015). Some trends in homicide were included in this report, of which a chapter was devoted to femicide. \u201cFemicide\u201d is used to define any killing of a woman. It is different from the definition given in the 1970s, which had a very strong feminist component (killing women because they were women). It is more likely for men to be killed, but some important patterns were found that link"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ranking the 10 Most Intimidating Stadiums in World Rugby ... Ranking the 10 Most Intimidating Stadiums in World Rugby | Bleacher Report [PAR] Ranking the 10 Most Intimidating Stadiums in World Rugby [PAR] By Danny Coyle , Featured Columnist [PAR] Apr 18, 2014 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Ian Walton/Getty Images [PAR] 5 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Home advantage counts for a lot in sport, especially rugby. If you can turn your ground into a bear pit, it not only galvanizes the home players but will go a long way to unsettling the visiting side as well. [PAR] Rugby has a rich tradition of characterful, raucous arenas that prove anything but happy hunting grounds for travelling teams. [PAR] Here are the 10 most intimidating. [PAR] 10. Millennium Stadium [PAR] Jon Super [PAR] Some grounds can summon enough energy to make it impossible for their side to do anything other than blow their opponents away. [PAR] This is what the supporters inside the Millennium Stadium achieved in 2013 when they faced England to decide the Six Nations Championship. [PAR] The high-banked stands and closed roof allow the noise to pour down onto the players on the turf below, and that night they did so to devastating effect as England were sent packing 30-3 . [PAR] New grounds can struggle for atmosphere, but since it\u2019s opening in the lat 90s, the Millennium Stadium has never failed to deliver. [PAR] 9. Welford Road [PAR] David Rogers/Getty Images [PAR] Leicester Tigers are renowned for their hard-nosed approach to the game, from the days of the ABC club in the front row to tales of training-ground brawls all designed to produce rough, tough forwards who will never take a backward step on the field. [PAR] They are a club without frills. So it goes for their famous home ground. Welford Road is a proper rugby ground. Stands tight to the field, crowd never anything but partisan, passionate and packed in. With two stands now redeveloped, the stadium has lost none of its edge. [PAR] The players still come out of the old Crumbie Stand, crossing the concourse to reach the steps down onto the pitch and roared back in by their supporters. [PAR] In 2009, to open their new Caterpillar Stand, they hosted the Springboks and beat them on a cold midweek night that reminded everyone of the value of midweek tour matches and the kind of atmosphere they can generate. [PAR] Tweet [PAR] No longer with us, the stadium nicknamed the House of Pain was like no other in world rugby. [PAR] Nestled on the edge of Dunedin, it was a Mecca for the city\u2019s huge student population, known as \"Scarfies,\" who would often drag sofas onto the terraces and, being students never likely to transport the things home again, set fire to them at the end of the game. [PAR] The locals also had a penchant for launching nearly finished cans of the local brew into the air in a Mexican Wave format, creating this blue wave of aluminium thundering around the stands. [PAR] If you didn\u2019t duck at the right moment, a night watching the rugby at Carisbrook could, as the nickname suggests, be a painful experience indeed. [PAR] The ground was retired before the 2011 World Cup, and rugby is now played at the covered Forsyth Barr Stadium. [PAR] Not quite the same ring to it. [PAR] 6. Kingsholm [PAR] Stu Forster/Getty Images [PAR] Gloucester\u2019s home ground was voted as the most intimidating place in the Premiership in a 2010 survey by Rugby"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About: Eldorado (TV series) - DBpedia About: Eldorado (TV series) [PAR] About: Eldorado (TV series) [PAR] An Entity of Type : television show , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] Eldorado was a British soap opera created by Tony Holland from an original idea by John Dark and Verity Lambert that ran for only one year, from 6 July 1992 to 9 July 1993. Set in the fictional town of Los Barcos on the Costa del Sol in Spain and following the lives of British and European expatriates, the BBC hoped it would be as successful as EastEnders and replicate some of the sunshine and glamour of imported Australian soaps such as Home and Away and Neighbours. A co-production between the BBC and independent production company Cinema Verity and J.Dark y J.Todesco. Eldorado aired three times a week in a high-profile evening slot on the mainstream channel BBC1, filling the slot vacated by Terry Wogan's chat show Wogan, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 7.00pm. [PAR] Property [PAR] abstract [PAR] Eldorado was a British soap opera created by Tony Holland from an original idea by John Dark and Verity Lambert that ran for only one year, from 6 July 1992 to 9 July 1993. Set in the fictional town of Los Barcos on the Costa del Sol in Spain and following the lives of British and European expatriates, the BBC hoped it would be as successful as EastEnders and replicate some of the sunshine and glamour of imported Australian soaps such as Home and Away and Neighbours. A co-production between the BBC and independent production company Cinema Verity and J.Dark y J.Todesco. Eldorado aired three times a week in a high-profile evening slot on the mainstream channel BBC1, filling the slot vacated by Terry Wogan's chat show Wogan, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 7.00pm. In spite of a high-profile advertising campaign on television, radio and in the press preceding the launch ('Are you ready for Eldorado?', read by actor Campbell Morrison), the programme was not initially a popular hit with viewers or critics. Ratings improved with a radical overhaul, but it was eventually cancelled by the new controller of BBC1, Alan Yentob. [PAR] (en) [PAR] comment [PAR] Eldorado was a British soap opera created by Tony Holland from an original idea by John Dark and Verity Lambert that ran for only one year, from 6 July 1992 to 9 July 1993. Set in the fictional town of Los Barcos on the Costa del Sol in Spain and following the lives of British and European expatriates, the BBC hoped it would be as successful as EastEnders and replicate some of the sunshine and glamour of imported Australian soaps such as Home and Away and Neighbours. A co-production between the BBC and independent production company Cinema Verity and J.Dark y J.Todesco. Eldorado aired three times a week in a high-profile evening slot on the mainstream channel BBC1, filling the slot vacated by Terry Wogan's chat show Wogan, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 7.00pm. [PAR] (en)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Walliams relieved after 140-mile Thames charity swim ... David Walliams relieved after 140-mile Thames charity swim - BBC News [PAR] David Walliams relieved after 140-mile Thames charity swim [PAR] 13 September 2011 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Media captionSpeaking after the end of his epic swim, Walliams said he was \"relieved\" and \"overwhelmed\" [PAR] David Walliams said he felt relieved after completing a 140-mile swim along the length of the River Thames. [PAR] He reached Westminster Bridge eight days after starting near the river's source, during which he battled illness and rescued a dog. [PAR] By the time he finished Walliams had raised more than \u00a31m for the Big Splash Challenge for Sport Relief . [PAR] After his swim, Walliams told the BBC: \"A bath is the only water I want to see for quite a while.\" [PAR] The comedian had already completed swims across the English Channel in 2006 and the Strait of Gibraltar in 2008 in previous charity events. [PAR] The Little Britain star entered the water at Teddington Lock on Monday morning, completing a further 15 miles to reach his goal. [PAR] The last leg of his challenge saw him tackle the tidal stretch of the Thames, with strong currents and undertows, along with busy river traffic. [PAR] 'Thames tummy' [PAR] Walliams was greeted on Westminster Bridge by his wife Lara Stone who has been following his progress in a support boat. [PAR] Fellow comedians Lenny Henry and Miranda Hart and Olympic rower Steve Redgrave were among the huge crowd cheering him on. [PAR] Image caption David Walliams has raised more than \u00a31m for Big Splash Challenge for Sport Relief [PAR] As he clambered out of the water just before 18:30 BST towards a podium at County Hall on the southern bank of the Thames, there was a shower of red, white and blue ticker tape. [PAR] He said as he crossed the finish, there was a wave of \"relief that I didn't have to do any more\". [PAR] He began near Lechlade, in Gloucestershire, on 5 September but soon suffered a bout of \"Thames tummy\" which left him with a high temperature. [PAR] \"It was hard work,\" Walliams told BBC News. [PAR] \"It was really, really tough and the distance took it out of me. I did a lot of training but I don't know quite how you can prepare for this because it's an endurance event.\" [PAR] He said it was \"beautiful\" coming into London and seeing the Houses of Parliament in the sun. [PAR] \"I felt really proud to be British and really proud that all the people cared,\" he said. [PAR] Organisers of the BT Sport Relief Challenge said Walliams's swim had raised \u00a31,093,325 by the time he finished, with more continuing to come in.[DOC] [TLE] David Walliams Swims The River Thames - Charity Swim ... David Walliams Swims The River Thames - Charity Swim | British Vogue [PAR] By Ella Alexander [PAR] Monday 5 March 2012 [PAR] Updated Monday March 5, 1.02pm: Following his epic charity Thames swim last September, David Walliams has warned The Duchess of Cambridge not to do the same - after she said that she'd like to try the 140-mile challenge. [PAR] \"I met Kate Middleton and she said, 'I'd love to swim the Thames.' I said, 'You couldn't do it, you are too skinny - you need a layer of fat for that sort of thing,'\" he told the Sunday Mirror. \"She is absolutely stunning, totally gorgeous, but not at all the build for cold-water swimming. Not like me, I'm a bit hefty.\" [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of British Newspapers - News Media Association: UK ... History of Newspapers by the NMA [PAR] William Caxton sets up the first English printing press in Westminster. [PAR] 1549 [PAR] First known English newsletter: Requests of the Devonshyre and Cornyshe Rebelles. [PAR] 1621 [PAR] First titled newspaper, Corante, published in London. [PAR] 1649 [PAR] Cromwell suppressed all newsbooks on the eve of Charles I's execution. [PAR] 1690 [PAR] Worcester Postman launched. (In 1709 it starts regular publication as Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered to be the oldest surviving English newspaper). [PAR] 1702 [PAR] Launch of the first regular daily newspaper: The Daily Courant. [PAR] 1709 [PAR] First Copyright Act; Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered the oldest surviving English newspaper, started regular publication. [PAR] 1712 [PAR] First Stamp Act; advertisement, paper and stamp duties condemned as taxes on knowledge. Stamford Mercury believed to have been launched. [PAR] 1717 [PAR] The Kentish Post and Canterbury Newsletter launched. It took on its current name, Kentish Gazette, in 1768. [PAR] 1718 [PAR] Leeds Mercury started (later merged into Yorkshire Post). [PAR] 1737 [PAR] Belfast News Letter founded (world's oldest surviving daily newspaper). [PAR] 1748 [PAR] Aberdeen Journal began (Scotland's oldest newspaper - now the Press & Journal). [PAR] 1772 [PAR] Hampshire Chronicle launched, Hampshire's oldest paper. [PAR] 1788 [PAR] Daily Universal Register (est. 1785) became The Times. [PAR] 1791 [PAR] Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought The Observer. [PAR] 1906 [PAR] Newspaper Proprietors Association founded for national dailies. [PAR] 1907 [PAR] National Union of Journalists founded as a wage-earners union. [PAR] 1915 [PAR] Rothermere launched Sunday Pictorial (later Sunday Mirror). [PAR] 1922 [PAR] Death of Northcliffe. Control of Associated Newspapers passed to Rothermere. [PAR] 1928 [PAR] Northcliffe Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of Associated Newspapers. Provincial Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of United Newspapers. [PAR] 1931 [PAR] Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. [PAR] 1936 [PAR] Britain's first colour advertisement appears (in Glasgow's Daily Record). [PAR] 1944 [PAR] Iliffe took over BPM Holdings (including Birmingham Post). [PAR] 1946 [PAR] Guild of British Newspaper Editors formed (now the Society of Editors). [PAR] 1953 [PAR] General Council of the Press established. [PAR] 1955 [PAR] Month-long national press strike. Daily Record acquired by Mirror Group. [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Manchester Guardian becomes The Guardian. Six-week regional press printing strike. [PAR] 1960 [PAR] Photocomposition and web-offset printing progressively introduced. [PAR] 1964 [PAR] The Sun launched, replacing Daily Herald. Death of Beaverbrook. General Council of the Press reformed as the Press Council. [PAR] 1969 [PAR] Murdoch's News International acquired The Sun and News of the World. [PAR] 1976 [PAR] Nottingham Evening Post is Britain's first newspaper to start direct input by journalists. [PAR] 1978 [PAR] The Times and The Sunday Times ceased publication for 11 months. [PAR] 1980 [PAR] Association of Free Newspaper founded (folded 1991). Regional Newspaper Advertising Bureau formed. [PAR] 1981 [PAR] News International acquired The Times and the Sunday Times. [PAR] 1983 [PAR] Industrial dispute at Eddie Shah's Messenger group plant at Warrington. [PAR] 1984 [PAR] Mirror Group sold by Reed to Maxwell (Pergamon). First free daily newspaper, the (Birmingham) Daily News, launched by husband & wife team Chris & Pat Bullivant. [PAR] 1986 [PAR] News International moved titles to a new plant at Wapping. Eddie Shah launchedToday, first colour national daily launched. The Independent launched. [PAR] 1987 [PAR] News International took over Today. [PAR] 1988 [PAR] RNAB folded. Newspaper Society launched PressAd as its commercial arm. Thomson launched Scotland on Sunday and Sunday Life. [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Last Fleet Streetpaper produced by Sunday Express. [PAR] 1990 [PAR] First Calcutt report on Privacy and Related Matters. Launch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of Characters | Dad's Army Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia List of Characters | Dad's Army Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Mainwaring (pronounced Man-er-ing) was played by Arthur Lowe . He was the pompous - if essentially brave and unerringly patriotic - local bank manager. In the series pilot Mainwaring appointed himself leader of his town's contingent of Local Defence Volunteers. Of the platoon , he and Joe Walker were the only adult members with no prior combat experience, and, therefore, had no medals - a fact which sometimes caused tension with the other members of the Home Guard . He did, however, serve in France, \"during the whole of 1919\u2014somebody had to clear up the mess.\" Although an ensemble piece, the series focused particularly upon Mainwaring, who has invested all his efforts into the platoon as a way of escaping from an unhappy marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of a Bishop, and a stalled career at the bank. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Wilson, played by John Le Mesurier , was a diffident, upper-class bank clerk, Wilson was nonetheless Mainwaring's inferior in the bank and on parade; his suave, understated social superiority, public school education and handsome looks led to a certain amount of jealousy on Mainwaring's part. During World War 1 he fought in the Royal Artillery at Mons, Gallipoli and the Somme. In the last episode he revealed that he had been a Captain. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Jones was the oldest member of the platoon (born 1870), but was played by Clive Dunn , a younger actor. Jones was an old campaigner who had participated, as a boy soldier, in the campaign of Kitchener of Khartoum in the Sudan between 1896 and 1898, and also fought in World War 1. By 1940 he worked as the town butcher, which occasionally enabled him to supplement his superiors' meaty ration. Jones was leader of the platoon's first section. He has a story for every occasion, and will never hesitate in telling it, regardless of how long-winded or irrelevant it is. Despite being the oldest member of the platoon, Jones demonstrates an almost boyish enthusiasm for combat and is the first to volunteer for anything, no matter how ill-advised that may be. In Battle of the Giants we learn Jones caught malaria whilst serving in Africa, he got over the main illness but sometimes (though not often) he gets malarial chills, he tells Mainwaring not to worry because he says \"I've been getting these chills for 40 years\". Jack Craig was David Croft's original first choice for the role, and David Jason, who later excelled at playing characters such as Blanco in \"Porridge\", was also linked to the role. [PAR] Edit [PAR] Walker was played by James Beck in the television series and seven episodes of the radio series, Graham Stark for five radio episodes with Larry Martyn for the remainder of the radio series. A Black Market \"spiv\"\", Walker was the only fit, able-bodied man of military age in Walmington-on-Sea's home guard. His absence from the regular armed forces was due to a corned beef allergy, although it was implied that Walker had probably found a way to play the system. Mainwaring often turned a blind eye to his profiteering as he could sometimes supply the platoon (and Mainwaring) with useful items. On more than one occasion, Walker's willingness to use underhand tactics allowed Mainwaring's platoon to triumph over rivals in the Home Guard, Army and ARP. He was disciplined several times by Captain Mainwaring for making jokes at inappropriate times. Though Beck was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the abbreviation for Vermont What is the abbreviation for Vermont? [PAR] We've got 5 shorthands for Vermont \u00bb [PAR] What is the abbreviation for Vermont? [PAR] Looking for the shorthand of Vermont? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: Vermont. [PAR] Filter by: [PAR] Vermont, Green Mountain State, VT(noun) [PAR] a state in New England [PAR] Couldn't find the full form or full meaning of Vermont? [PAR] Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: [PAR] Discuss these Vermont abbreviations with the community: [PAR] Know what is Vermont ? Got another good explanation for Vermont ? Don't keep it to yourself! [PAR] Add it HERE! [PAR] Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web! [PAR] Search the web"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pepsi was originally called \"Brad's Drink\" - Factually Pepsi was originally called \"Brad's Drink\" [PAR] Pepsi was originally called \"Brad's Drink\" [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] Some of the soft drinks we know today originally started as patent medicines in the late 19th century \u2014 including Coca-Cola, which infamously contained cocaine . But when Caleb Bradham invented a drink in 1893 he set out to make it free of stimulants. It didn't even contain caffeine. He originally called it Brad's Drink, but by 1898 it would be trademarked using the name we call it today: Pepsi. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] From \"Brad's Drink\" in the Soviet Union by Ludmilla Grincenko Wells at the University of Tennessee: [PAR] Pepsi was original coined as \"Brad's Drink\" (Martin 1962, 7). It was a concoction formulated as a result of [Caleb] Bradham's experimentation with cola nuts and spices in the early 1890s. Accounts differ as to whether Bradham renamed his product \"Pepsi-Cola\" on or before August 28, 1898. Louis and Yazijian (1980, 49) suggested that by 1893 Bradham had changed the name to \"Pepsi-Cola.\" However, the 1898 \"North Carolina application for registration of the Pepsi-cola trademark... [was] given as the date of the first use of the trademark\" (Martin 1962, 8) [PAR] Factually is Gizmodo's new blog of fun facts, interesting photos, and weird trivia. Join us on Twitter and Facebook . [PAR] Image via Associated Press circa 1905: On April 5, 1905 Pepsi's first home office and bottling plant was built in New Bern, N.C. [PAR] Gear from Kinja Deals[DOC] [TLE] The History of Pepsi Cola - About.com Money The History of Pepsi Cola [PAR] The History of Pepsi Cola [PAR] The History of Pepsi Cola [PAR] A six-pack of Pepsi, 1960s. Tom Kelley Archive / Getty Images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] \"Brad's Drink\": Pepsi's Humble Origins [PAR] Caleb Bradham of New Bern, North Carolina was a pharmacist. Like many pharmacists at the turn of the century he had a soda fountain in his drugstore, where he served his customers refreshing drinks that he created himself. His most popular beverage was something he called \"Brad's drink,\" a mix of sugar, water, caramel, lemon oil, kola nuts, nutmeg, and other additives. It became an overnight sensation. [PAR] (Although some reports claim the original drink contained pepsin\u2014which would go a long way to explaining the drinks\u2019 subsequent name change \u2014 the use of the digestive enzyme is now regarded as the stuff of pure legend.) [PAR] \"Brad's drink\", created in the summer of 1893, was later renamed in 1898 after he bought the trade name \"Pep Cola\" for $100 from a competitor from Newark, New Jersey that had gone broke. The new name was trademarked on June 16th, 1903. Bradham's neighbor, an artist, designed the first Pepsi logo, and ninety-seven shares of stock for Bradham's new company were issued. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Write a Business Plan [PAR] Bankruptcy and Revival [PAR] After seventeen years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during World War I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise -- but they fell instead, leaving Caleb Bradham with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. [PAR] In 1931, Pepsi Cola was bought by the Loft Candy Company Loft president, Charles G. Guth, who reformulated the popular soft drink, tinkering with the recipe. Guth struggled to make a success of Pepsi and even offered to sell Pepsi to the Coca-Cola company , who refused to offer a bid. [PAR] The company soldiered"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John D. Rockefeller - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com John D. Rockefeller - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] John D. Rockefeller [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937), founder of the Standard Oil Company, became one of the world\u2019s wealthiest men and a major philanthropist. Born into modest circumstances in upstate New York, he entered the then-fledgling oil business in 1863 by investing in a Cleveland, Ohio, refinery. In 1870, he established Standard Oil, which by the early 1880s controlled some 90 percent of U.S. refineries and pipelines. Critics accused Rockefeller of engaging in unethical practices, such as predatory pricing and colluding with railroads to eliminate his competitors, in order to gain a monopoly in the industry. In 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court found Standard Oil in violation of anti-trust laws and ordered it to dissolve. During his life Rockefeller donated more than $500 million to various philanthropic causes. [PAR] Google [PAR] John D. Rockefeller: Early Years and Family [PAR] John Davison Rockefeller, the son of a traveling salesman, was born on July 8, 1839, in Richford, New York . Industrious even as a boy, the future oil magnate earned money by raising turkeys, selling candy and doing jobs for neighbors. In 1853, the Rockefeller family moved to the Cleveland, Ohio , area, where John attended high school then briefly studied bookkeeping at a commercial college. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] One of the charitable organizations established by John D. Rockefeller, Sr. was the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission, founded in 1909. Less than 20 years after its creation, the Commission had achieved its primary goals, the successful eradication of hookworm disease across the southern United States. [PAR] In 1855, at age 16, he found work as an office clerk at a Cleveland commission firm that bought, sold and shipped grain, coal and other commodities. (He considered September 26, the day he started the position and entered the business world, so significant that as an adult he commemorated this \u201cjob day\u201d with an annual celebration.) In 1859, Rockefeller and a partner established their own commission firm. That same year, America\u2019s first oil well was drilled in Titusville, Pennsylvania . In 1863, Rockefeller and several partners entered the booming new oil industry by investing in a Cleveland refinery. [PAR] In 1864, Rockefeller married Laura Celestia \u201cCettie\u201d Spelman (1839-1915), an Ohio native whose father was a prosperous merchant, politician and abolitionist active in the Underground Railroad . (Laura Rockefeller became the namesake of Spelman College, the historically black women\u2019s college in Atlanta, Georgia , that her husband helped finance.) The Rockefellers went on to have four daughters (three of whom survived to adulthood) and one son. [PAR] John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil [PAR] In 1865, Rockefeller borrowed money to buy out some of his partners and take control of the refinery, which had become the largest in Cleveland. Over the next few years, he acquired new partners and expanded his business interests in the growing oil industry. At the time, kerosene, derived from petroleum and used in lamps, was becoming an economic staple. In 1870, Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, along with his younger brother William (1841-1922), Henry Flagler (1830-1913) and a group of other men. John Rockefeller was its president and largest shareholder. [PAR] Standard Oil gained a monopoly in the oil industry by buying rival refineries and developing companies for distributing and marketing its products around the globe. In 1882, these various companies were combined into the Standard Oil Trust, which would control some 90 percent of the nation\u2019s refineries and pipelines. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Morocco? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Morocco? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Morocco [PAR] The Capital City of Morocco (officially named Kingdom of Morocco) is the city of Rabat. The population of Rabat in the year 2008 was 31,352,000. [PAR] Morocco, formerly known as French Morocco, is an Arabic speaking country on the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] Where is Morocco? - WorldAtlas.com Where is Morocco? / Where is Morocco Located in The World? / Morocco Map - WorldAtlas.com [PAR] What is the capital of Morocco? [PAR] Located in the continent of Africa , Morocco covers 446,300 square kilometers of land and 250 square kilometers of water, making it the 58th largest nation in the world with a total area of 446,550 square kilometers. [PAR] Morocco became an independent state in 1666, after gaining its sovereignty from France. The population of Morocco is 32,309,239 (2012) and the nation has a density of 72 people per square kilometer. [PAR] The currency of Morocco is the Moroccan Dirham (MAD). As well, the people of Morocco are refered to as Moroccan. [PAR] The dialing code for the country is 212 and the top level internet domain for Moroccan sites is .ma. [PAR] Morocco shares land borders with 3 countries: Algeria , Spain , Western Sahara . [PAR] To learn more, visit our detailed Morocco section. [PAR] Quick facts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Times' Obituary for JACK MAY The Times' Obituary for JACK MAY [PAR] 1922-1997 [PAR] Jack May, actor, died yesterday aged 75. He was born on April 23, 1922. [PAR] With his suave accents and polished come-to-bed manner, the character of Nelson Gabriel, as memorably enacted by Jack May, was something of an enigma in the rustic world of that awesomely long-lived radio soap, The Archers. Latterly, of course, he and his Borchester wine bar had seemed less out of place in a serial which, in past years, had been furiously and trendily updating itself to be more in tune with the mores of the late 20th century. Drugs, abortion, live-in gay relationships, depression, suicide, Jennifer Aldridge trying to learn to fly are now staple fare, at a far remove from the original gentle bucolics of a rural Britain still in a state of innocence in such matters. [PAR] Yet, when Nelson Gabriel first joined the cast, not so long after The Archers first went on the air in 1951 as a BBC Light Programme \"experiment\", he did so as a somewhat mysterious figure. What on earth was an \"antiques dealer\" (as he then was) doing in a programme which billed itself as \"a tale of country folk\"? And how had the son of the conspicuously loamy-voiced Walter Gabriel acquired a speaking voice which argued some immersion in a public school, even if only one of a minor and possibly spurious nature? His antecedents were always left deliberately vague. His background was apparently RAF, but whether that had been at wingco or warrant officer level was never precisely established. His father would have liked to see him in jail \u00ad and nearly did when his son was implicated in the Great Borchester Mail Van Robbery, for which which he was tried and happily acquitted. This was a case of Archers scriptwriters suffering from one of their periodic \u00ad and rather charming \u00ad rushes of blood to the head. [PAR] Nevertheless, in general, in a programme which, in those far-off days, concerned itself much more with the state of Britain's postwar agricultural economy than it does now, Nelson and his activities never seemed totally out of place. A two-minute visit to the antiques shop once or twice a week, provided a soothing counterpoint to the problems of bringing on the spring wheat; lifting the potatoes; or battling to accomplish the lambing against the hostility of the elements. [PAR] By the time Nelson's antiques gave way to the wine bar in the 1970s, life had changed in Ambridge, too. Young (and generally female) sophisticates had abandoned the milkpail and the beer pump for the frenzied life of solicitors' offices and snatched lunchbreaks over a glass of spritzer. Father Gabriel might still be quaffing pints of Shires ale at the Bull in the company of Tom Forrest \u00ad a vignette of senescent rusticity if there ever was one \u00ad but the young folk would almost certainly be patronising Nelson's in-town premises with their background muzak, open sandwiches, Cabernet Sauvignon by the bottle and tinkling, kittenish conversation: \"Oh, no, not another one Nigel, I'm supposed to be driving\". [PAR] Being chained, as he was, to a soap of such formidably enduring character tended to obscure the fact that Jack May was a fine actor with a solid repertory experience behind him. Born at Henley-on-Thames and educated at The Forest School, Essex, after war service in the RAF in India he was offered a place at RADA but turned it down in favour of a place at Merton College, Oxford. This did his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Ask Jeeves | eHow About Ask Jeeves | eHow [PAR] About Ask Jeeves [PAR] Ask.com [PAR] AskJeeves is the name of a popular search engine from 1995 to 2006. Although the AskJeeves search engine still exists, it's title has been shortened to just Ask.com. The AskJeeves service represented a text-based search engine that encouraged users to enter questions instead of search terms. Although the Ask service has seen its share of controversies, especially in the marketing realm, the Ask service still remains a fixture in the modern search landscape. [PAR] History [PAR] AskJeeves.com was founded in 1996 and was one of the first Internet search engines, along with Yahoo! and Google. AskJeeves was unique among its peers because it used a natural speech analyzer that allowed people to type in questions. AskJeeves' engine was able to pick out relevant keywords and provide \"answers\" to search questions. The engine had a very stoic look and featured a butler character until 2006, when the \"Jeeves\" was phased out. Ask.com remains one of the top five search engines (behind Google, Yahoo!, MSN and AOL). [PAR] Significance [PAR] Ask.com is significant as the only one of the big five search engines that analyzes \"natural speech\" inputs instead of just keywords. Although Google does analyze some natural speech (words like \"to\" and \"in\" can be translated to mean directions or Yellow Pages listings), Ask's technology is very sophisticated yet easily accessible for non-keyword-savvy users. [PAR] Function [PAR] The Ask.com search engine is designed to facilitate an easy search experience for those who have a question they want to \"ask\" the Internet. Its primary function is to serve the searching needs of those who are uncomfortable confining what they are looking for into simplistic terms. It also serves as a direct competitor to Google and Yahoo!, as evidenced by the \"Information Revolution\" series of ads, which asserted that \"75% of the information on the web flowed through Google\" and \"one source isn't choice.\" [PAR] Time Frame [PAR] Ask.com has been in existence since 1996, debuting after Internet staples like Yahoo! but before Google. It still exists today and has enjoyed almost 13 years as a relevant search engine. It was independent until 1995, when it was acquired by IAC Interactive Corp. [PAR] Potential [PAR] Although Ask.com is no longer aiming at Internet mainstay Google, it has struggled to remain relevant and its parent company has recently acquired Research.com, dictionary.com, and thesaurus.com. Since these sites are already very popular, Ask.com may utilize the power of these sites in a more language-focused search."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IAAF: After baby, Ennis-Hill now aims to bounce back in ... After baby, Ennis-Hill now aims to bounce back in Beijing| News | iaaf.org [PAR] [PAR] Home of World Athletics [PAR] Jessica Ennis of Great Britain crosses the line during the Women&#39;s Heptathlon 800m to win overall gold on Day 8 of the London 2012 Olympic Games on 4 August 2012 (Getty Images) \u00a9 Copyright [PAR] 08 NOV 2014 Feature Sheffield, Great Britain [PAR] After baby, Ennis-Hill now aims to bounce back in Beijing [PAR] Email [PAR] Jessica Ennis-Hill has confirmed that next summer's IAAF World Championships in Beijing figure highly in her plans on the road to defending her Olympic heptathlon title in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. [PAR] The 28-year-old British combined-events exponent will be looking to regain the heptathlon world title she won in 2009 before finishing with the silver medal two years later in the Korean city of Daegu. [PAR] Ennis-Hill also won gold at the London 2012 Olympic Games but was forced to miss last year\u2019s World Championships in Moscow due to injury and sat out the entire 2014 season because of pregnancy, with her son Reggie arriving in July. [PAR] However, she has now been back in almost full training for a month. [PAR] \u201cAt the moment it's just about taking small steps but I'm hoping to compete again next summer. The World Championships in Beijing is a realistic aim and would be great,\u201d she told British media this week. [PAR] \u201cBut the main aim is the Rio Olympics, that's where I want to be back at the top of my game. [PAR] \u201cI'm hoping to get a really good qualifying score for the Rio Games and take it from there, but I'm not pushing things too soon,'' she added. [PAR] \u201cThere are lots of things to be careful about. My body has been through so much so it's all about taking small steps and listening to my physio Alison Rose. [PAR] \u201cEven though I was training during my pregnancy it was nowhere near the level I'm training at now. It's about doing the rehab stuff and building back up as strong as I can. It's a bit like getting back on a bike again. [PAR] \u201cBut it would be incredible to be able to step away from my sport, have a baby, and then come back to win another Olympic gold medal. It would be a fairytale. [PAR] \"The focus has shifted but I am still very determined and focused on my athletics. It's about training, putting the work in and seeing if I can get to Rio.\" [PAR] Same person, same determination [PAR] \"I am still the same person. I am still very driven and focused and determined, and I want to come back and see if I can do both. [PAR] \"I know it will be an incredibly hard challenge and I am going to have to put a lot of time and work into it. [PAR] \"But I believe with the people around me and a fantastic coach in Toni (Minichiello) we can definitely get there,\" commented Ennis-Hill. [PAR] Potentially, Ennis-Hill could face another recent mother in a battle for medals in Beijing: her long-time rival Tatyana Chernova. [PAR] The Russian beat Ennis-Hill to the 2011 heptathlon world title and also gave birth to her first child, a daughter Anna, barely a week before Ennis-Hill in early July. [PAR] However, during their absence from the track this summer, both women will certainly have noted the progress of Ennis-Hill\u2019s 21-year-old compatriot Katarina Johnson-Thompson, who topped the 2014 world lists"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Harold Wilson - GOV.UK History of Harold Wilson - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Harold Wilson Labour 1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970 [PAR] Born [PAR] 11 March 1916, Huddersfield, Yorkshire [PAR] Died [PAR] 1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970 [PAR] Political party [PAR] Labour [PAR] Major acts [PAR] Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965: suspended the death penalty in England, Wales and Scotland. [PAR] Sexual Offences Act 1967: decriminalisation of certain homosexual offences. [PAR] Interesting facts [PAR] In 1969 he was struck in the eye by a stink bomb thrown by a schoolboy. Wilson\u2019s response was \"with an arm like that he ought to be in the English cricket XI\u2033 [PAR] As Prime Minister Harold Wilson enacted social reforms in education, health, housing, gender equality, price controls, pensions, provisions for disabled people and child poverty. [PAR] Harold Wilson, the son of a chemist and teacher, was born in Yorkshire during the First World War. In 1924, aged 8, he visited 10 Downing Street, which would eventually become his home. [PAR] He studied Modern History for a year before transferring to Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Oxford University, graduating with a first class BA. [PAR] The Labour politician entered Parliament in 1945 as MP for Ormskirk and later becoming MP for Huyton. In 1947, then Prime Minister Clement Attlee made Wilson President of the Board of Trade. Aged 31, he had become the youngest member of the Cabinet in the 20th century. [PAR] Under Hugh Gaitskell\u2019s leadership of the Labour party, Wilson served as Shadow Chancellor from 1955 to 1961, then as Shadow Foreign Secretary from 1961 to 1963. After Gaitskell passed away suddenly, Wilson fought and won a leadership contest against George Brown and James Callaghan. As Labour leader, he won 4 of the 5 General Elections he contested, although this includes a minority government. [PAR] His first election victory on 15 October 1964 saw him win with a small majority of 4, which increased significantly to 98 after a second General Election on 31 March 1966. As Prime Minister from 1964 to 1970, his main plan was to modernise. He believed that he would be aided by the \u201cwhite heat of the technological revolution\u201d. His government supported backbench MPs in liberalising laws on censorship, divorce, abortion, and homosexuality, and he abolished capital punishment. Crucial steps were taken towards stopping discrimination against women and ethnic minorities, and Wilson\u2019s government also created the Open University. [PAR] In comparison, his outlook on foreign affairs was less modernising. He wanted to maintain Britain\u2019s world role by keeping the Commonwealth united and nurturing the Anglo-American alliance. For example, his approach to the Vietnam War saw him skilfully balance modernist ambitions with Anglo-American interests when, despite repeated American requests, he kept British troops out while still maintaining good relations. Wilson biographer Philip Ziegler characterises his role as \u201chonest broker\u201d. [PAR] However, he had to fundamentally reshape Britain\u2019s world role after inheriting an overstretched military and a \u00a3400 million balance of payments deficit, which caused successive sterling crises. To resolve these 2 interlinked problems, Wilson launched a Defence Review (1964 to 1965) and created the Department for Economic Affairs, which sought to implement an ambitious National Plan. [PAR] When sterling crises continued, Wilson was forced to devalue the pound in November 1967. Two months later, his government reluctantly announced Britain\u2019s gradual withdrawal from the strategically important East of Suez. Despite his initial hesitation, Wilson recognised the value of membership of the European Economic Community ( EEC ), but his 1967 application was unsuccessful. Believing his popularity had increased, Wilson called a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wendy Darling - Disney Wiki - Wikia Wendy Darling | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Wendy Darling is the deuteragonist in Walt Disney 's 1953 feature film Peter Pan , based on the original character from J.M. Barrie's original novel . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Wendy is an English girl living in London during the Edwardian era . While her age isn't specified, she is usually portrayed as a preteen on the brink of adolescence. Throughout her childhood, she lived with her parents, George and Mary , her brothers, Michael and John , as well as their dog Nana , who doubled as the children's daily caretaker when their parents were absent on their dates or parties. [PAR] Being the eldest child of a middle-class family of the era, Wendy served as a heavy influence on her brothers, specifically in regards to their love of Peter Pan and his lore. She would regularly tell the boys stories of Peter's various adventures in the supposedly fictitious isle of Neverland , most notably the stories of his battles with the villainous Captain Hook . To most people (her father, for instance), Peter Pan and the stories surrounding him were nothing more than a childish fantasy. To Wendy and her brothers, however, the legends of Pan were all too true, and his stories were used to maintain the fun and whimsy of their childhood, despite their parents encouraging the act of practical behavior. [PAR] Voice [PAR] Wendy was originally voiced by Kathryn Beaumont who also voiced Alice in Alice in Wonderland . When Beaumont retired from voicing Wendy in 2005, voice actress Hynden Walch has taken over the role and has been Wendy's current voice actress since. Kat Cressida (the voice of the similarly-aged Dee Dee from Dexter's Laboratory) briefly voiced Wendy for a short period of time. Kath Soucie voices adult Wendy while Harriet Owen also voices young Wendy in Return to Never Land . Maia Mitchell voiced Wendy in the Jake and the Neverland Pirates movie Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Battle for the Book . [PAR] Personality [PAR] Wendy is imaginative, mature and very maternal. She loves to care for others and tell stories to her younger brothers, Michael and John. Though her imagination is vivid and praised by them, her storytelling was initially looked down upon by her father, George , who found Wendy's stories and childlike nature to be immature and ridiculous, and voiced his desire to have her abandon her childhood as soon as possible to prepare herself for eventual adulthood. Because of this, she grew a fear of growing up and found comfort in the stories of Peter Pan and Neverland . [PAR] Nevertheless, upon visiting Neverland for the first time, Wendy ironically found her maturity and motherly instincts surfacing and growing. During her brief time, yet life changing experience on the island it became a more prominent part of her character as all the adventurous events unfolded. This led Wendy to finally accepting the fact that she will inevitably become an adult, one day. Even so, the young girl didn't allow this revelation to destroy her wondrous imagination. [PAR] As an adult (seen in Return to Never Land ) Wendy hasn't lost her belief in Peter Pan, and tells stories about him to her two children, Jane and Danny . She has grown into a caring, smart, kind, and beautiful woman. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Peter Pan [PAR] Wendy in the original film [PAR] Wendy is introduced as the eldest child of George and Mary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil | Market Research Reports\u00ae Inc. Brazil | Market Research Reports\u00ae Inc. [PAR] [PAR] Political environment [PAR] Brazil, which managed to weather the recession well, is continuing its growth momentum as it establishes a more prominent place for itself in the global market. High tax and interest rates, however, have surfaced as major concerns, coupled with increasing inflation. This report identifies certain pportunities in Brazil to break away from these constraints. Brazil is the world\u2019s fifth most populous nation, which offers huge market opportunities with a growing skilled labor force available at lower cost. This has opened up the door for 100% FDI in such major sectors as iron and bauxite reserves, and oil and gas, which contributes to the economic stability of the country. Brazil\u2019s R&D spending is less than the average in the advanced economies and the government is focused on addressing that shortcoming. Brazil's environmental concerns are evident in the voluntary steps taken to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. [PAR] [PAR] Economical Environment [PAR] From an economic perspective, Brazil emerges as one of the most stable and prosperous countries in Latin America with a $2.47 trillion GDP in 2011. The Brazilian economy is anticipated to grow to $3.17 trillion by 2017with a 4.3% CAGR during 2012-2017. Strong domestic demand is a key driver for the Brazilian economy. Brazil's large population offers the basis for a strong work force that represents a solid driver for the country\u2019s economic development. The country\u2019s natural resources also contribute to Brazil\u2019s economic growth. Brazil is the fastest-growing economy in Latin America and has the largest number of sectors open for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). With new economic policies, Brazil is attracting more FDI and foreign institutional investors. Brazil's political stability has been a boon to the country, making it a favorable destination for foreign direct investment and institutional investors. The economy also reflects a low risk from the euro crisis. The Brazilian economy is vexed by steep interest rates and a high tax rate structure. While high taxes are increasing the price of goods and services produced in Brazil, the interest rates have suppressed the growth of the real estate and automobile sectors, among others. Another major challenge for the Brazilian economy is the regional economic disparity present in the country. Brazil faces many challenges in terms of income inequality and the nation\u2019s high crime rate. A stable Brazilian government and its economic reform policies, however, are anticipated to steer the economy through its trials, leading to economic growth over the long term. The current and projected economic situations in Brazil make it one of the more favorable destinations for investments in various sectors such as energy, automotive, retail, and construction. [PAR] [PAR] Social Environment [PAR] According to OECD, in Brazil, 88% of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in a time of need, less than the OECD average of 90%.There is a 3 percentage point difference between men and women, as 90% of men believe they have this kind of social support, compared with 87% of women. Brazilian society is more markedly divided by social class lines, although a high income disparity is found between race groups, so racism and classism can be conflated. Socially significant closeness to one racial group is taken in account more in the basis of appearance rather than ancestry, to the extent that full siblings can pertain to different racial groups. The most popular sport in Brazil is football. The Brazilian national football team is ranked among the best in the world according to the FIFA World Rankings, and has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Duane JOHNSON - Olympic | United States of America Michael Duane JOHNSON - Olympic | United States of America [PAR] Olympic Games 1992 , 1996 , 2000 [PAR] Sprint superman [PAR] Michael Johnson is widely regarded as one of the greatest sprinters of all time. In the 1990s, the four-time Olympic gold medallist dominated the 200m and 400m, going an incredible seven years undefeated in the latter. [PAR] College boy [PAR] Born in the Texan city of Dallas on 13 September 1967, Michael Duane Adalbert Adam Johnson was the youngest of five siblings. As a teenager he devoted himself to his studies, with athletics just a regular sideline. Aged 19, he enrolled at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. It was there, in April 1987, that he was spotted by Clyde Hart \u2013 the coach who would later take him to the pinnacle of world athletics \u2013 as he broke the university 200m record. By then he had already adopted his distinctive running style, characterised by an upright gait and short stride, that would later see him nicknamed \u201cthe Duck\u201d. [PAR] The road to the top [PAR] After gaining a degree in accountancy, Johnson decided to focus full-time on athletics in 1990. Unusually, he excelled over both 200m and 400m, finishing the year at the top of the international rankings for both distances. It was a rare combination but one that would soon bring him glory. In 1991, in Tokyo, he was crowned world 200m champion, but then suffered a setback the following year when food poisoning denied him the chance of glory in the individual events at the Olympic Games in Barcelona. However, he was restored to fitness in time to help the US 4x400m relay team secure the victory that brought Johnson his first taste of Olympic gold. [PAR] Seven years unbeaten [PAR] Starting in 1993, Johnson embarked on an incredible sequence of 58 400m races in which he went undefeated, and he was soon being hailed as \u201cSuperman\u201d. The pinnacle of his track career came on home soil, at the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996. 83,000 spectators looked on as Johnson, resplendant in his golden running shoes, completed a remarkable 200m-400m double, an achievement never matched before or since in men\u2019s athletics. His times were remarkable too: 19.32 seconds for the 200m \u2013 a world record that stood for 12 years until being broken by Usain Bolt \u2013 and 43.49 seconds for the 400m. [PAR] A decade of solid gold [PAR] On 26 August 1999 in Seville (SPA), Johnson set a new 400m world record of 43.18 seconds, which remains unbeaten to this day. In the space of a decade at the top, which culminated in a final Olympic gold in the 400m at Sydney 2000, he amassed a total of eight world and four Olympic titles (never once experiencing the taste of silver or bronze). He retired from competition in 2001 to pursue a successful career as a media pundit, while also managing the career of one of his successors, Jeremy Wariner, who won Olympic gold in the 400m at Athens 2004.[DOC] [TLE] Michael Johnson Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements ... Michael Johnson Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [PAR] Sportspersons [PAR] Michael Johnson Biography [PAR] Michael Johnson is a record-breaking sprinter, who has won several gold medals. Read this biography to learn more about his childhood, profile, life and timeline. [PAR] Quick Facts [PAR] TX (1986) Baylor University (1990) [PAR] Net worth [PAR] 1996 - James E. Sullivan Award [PAR] 1996 - Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year [PAR] Image Credit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jodie Foster sings \"My Name is Tallulah\" in BUGSY MALONE Jodie Foster sings \"My Name is Tallulah\" in BUGSY MALONE - YouTube [PAR] Jodie Foster sings \"My Name is Tallulah\" in BUGSY MALONE [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 22, 2015 [PAR] Bugsy Malone is a 1976 British-American musical gangster film, directed by Alan Parker. Set in Chicago, the film is loosely based on events from the early 1920s to 1931 during Prohibition, specifically the exploits of real-life gangsters like Al Capone and Bugs Moran, as dramatized in cinema. Featuring only child actors (with singing voices provided by adults), Parker lightened the subject matter considerably for the children's market; in the U.S. the film received a G rating. [PAR] The film was Parker's feature-length directorial debut, introduced actor Scott Baio, and featured veteran actress (at age 13) Jodie Foster. [PAR] Alicia Christian Foster (born November 19, 1962),[2] known professionally as Jodie Foster, is an American actress, film director, and producer. Foster began acting in commercials at the age of three, and her first significant role came in 1976 as a child prostitute in Taxi Driver, for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She won an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1989, for playing a rape victim in The Accused. In 1991, she starred in The Silence of the Lambs as Clarice Starling, a gifted FBI trainee, assisting in a hunt for a serial killer. This performance received international acclaim and her second Academy Award for Best Actress. She received her third Best Actress Academy Award nomination for playing a backwoods hermit in Nell (1994). Her other best-known work includes Contact (1997), Panic Room (2002), Flightplan (2005), Inside Man (2006) and The Brave One (2007). [PAR] Foster made her directorial debut in 1991 with Little Man Tate; she also directed the films Home for the Holidays (1995) and The Beaver (2011). In addition to her two Academy Awards, she has won three BAFTA Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, the Cecil B DeMille Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Paul Williams - Bugsy Malone (1976 Film) - amazon.com Paul Williams - Bugsy Malone (1976 Film) - Amazon.com Music [PAR] Paul Williams [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] 2. Fat Sam's Grand Slam [PAR] 3. Tomorrow [PAR] 6. My Name Is Tallulah [PAR] 7. So You Wanna Be a Boxer? [PAR] 8. Ordinary Fool [PAR] 10. You Give a Little Love [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Audio CD (June 27, 1996) [PAR] Original Release Date: September 15, 1976 [PAR] Number of Discs: 1 [PAR] By RB on October 20, 2012 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase [PAR] I wore this album out on my turntable when I was a kid so I was thrilled to be able to enjoy these wonderful songs again on CD. After 30 years I still knew all the words! My only disappointment was the song \"I'm Feeling Fine.\" On my original album that song was very melancholy and pure and on the CD it has a perkier arrangement that diminishes it IMO. Still, thanks to the brilliance of Paul Williams this is more than simply a piece of pleasurable nostalgia. [PAR] By G. Allen on October 22, 2013 [PAR] Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Best-Ever British Boxing Nicknames | Bleacher Report The Best-Ever British Boxing Nicknames | Bleacher Report [PAR] The Best-Ever British Boxing Nicknames [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] David Haye and Gavin Rees [PAR] 8.0K [PAR] 13 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Perhaps no sport is as linked with nicknames as boxing, so much so that when Sylvester Stallone penned Rocky, he gave no fewer than five to fictional heavyweight champion Apollo Creed . [PAR] Fighters have always attracted monikers, going back to 19th-century champ Nonpareil Dempsey and beyond, but really took off around the 1920s, spearheaded by that era's heavyweight king Jack Dempsey\u2014\"The Manassa Mauler.\" [PAR] British boxing was not always so enamoured with the nickname, associating it more with the hoopla and razzmatazz of the US, where it was a sport for the press pack to coin a nom-de-guerre for upcoming contenders. [PAR] Plenty of British champions such as Benny Lynch, Ken Buchanan and John Conteh never attracted a moniker that stuck. [PAR] It's maybe not entirely coincidental that it was in the 1980s, the decade of the Big Bang and rampant commercialism, that the UK truly embraced the nickname. The likes of \"Ragamuffin Man\" Lloyd Honeyghan and \"Clones Cyclone\" Barry McGuigan won world titles and almost edge their way into this list. [PAR] Consequently, this countdown is dominated by fighters of more recent vintage or those who fought on American soil and picked up a nickname there. [PAR] Among those who just missed out are Sheffield super-bantamweight Kid Galahad, lightweight contender Anthony \"Million Dollar\" Crolla and the always enigmatic early 2000s light-middleweight Richard \"The Secret\" Williams\u2014a name that divides opinion but lodges itself in the memory. [PAR] And now, here are the 15 best-ever nicknames in British boxing. [PAR] Years Active: 1989-2003 [PAR] Record: 41-2-1 with 32 KOs [PAR] Early in his career, Lewis was known as \"The Lion,\" but later on he coined his own more distinctive moniker as \"The Pugilist Specialist.\" [PAR] It fit Lewis' self-styling as a cerebral fighter who talked of his fondness for chess, and although this didn't always go down well with American audiences, he ultimately emerged as the king of the 1990s heavyweights, avoided by Riddick Bowe before defeating Evander Holyfield and Mike Tyson. [PAR] This nickname may not inspire fear in the heart of opponents but suited a fighter who could systematically take opponents apart, ultimately registering wins over every man he faced. [PAR] Years Active: 1986-2002 [PAR] Record: 31-12-1 with 11 KOs [PAR] Pictured above is Silky Jones on the left in a British title fight against one of the worst nicknamed Brits\u2014\"Spice Boy\" Ryan Rhodes. [PAR] Before footballers had \"good tekkers\" or other such recent abominations, they had \"silky skills.\" Paul Jones brought the term to boxing even if wasn't always as silky as he may have made out with 12 losses on his record, four by way of knockout. [PAR] However, he did claim the WBO light-middleweight title back in 1995 with a huge upset win over Verno Phillips, a great effort on the night and what remains his claim to fame. [PAR] With a distinctively British use of the word \"silky\" and the telling fact that he was often referred to in print as just Silky Jones, so that some may not even know his first name, this has to rank highly. [PAR] File alongside \"Sugar\" Ray Robinson and \"Mantequilla\" Jose Napoles. [PAR] Years Active: 1901-1913, 1919 [PAR] Record: 53-3-5 with 35 KOs (plus 8 \"newspaper decisions\") [PAR] Jim Driscoll wasn't literally undefeated, but like Nonpareil"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a baby swan called? | Reference.com What is a baby swan called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a baby swan called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Baby swans are known as \"cygnets,\" a word derived from the Latin word for swan, \"cygnus.\" Cygnets are easily distinguished from adults, as they are much smaller and are usually covered in a gray downy coat. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] A swan's brood usually consists of three to eight cygnets. Unlike the adults, which live on water plants, grains and grasses, cygnets eat aquatic insects and crustaceans, often catching these creatures as they are stirred up by the parent swans' foraging. Young swans are mature enough to form adult pair bonds as young as 20 months but usually do not begin nesting and raising cygnets of their own until they are 4 or 5 years old."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lady Sov: Rap Pixie With Puck - The Washington Post Lady Sov: Rap Pixie With Puck [PAR] Music [PAR] Lady Sov: Rap Pixie With Puck [PAR] Lady Sovereign's \"Love Me or Hate Me\" attitude was on display at the 9:30 club Saturday. (By Rich Lipski -- The Washington Post) [PAR] TOOLBOX [PAR] By J. Freedom du Lac [PAR] Washington Post Staff Writer [PAR] Monday, October 30, 2006 [PAR] This is the next big thing in American popular music? This outrageously peckish 5-foot-1 white-girl rapper with an oft-impenetrable British accent and an apparent tendency to forget her streetwise if silly lyrics -- a problem that the artist, 20-year-old Lady Sovereign, blamed on all the beer she was swilling Saturday night at the 9:30 club? [PAR] You betcha. [PAR] So, too, does Jay-Z, the iconic rapper and Def Jam Records president, who's banking on Lady Sovereign to become a stateside pop star. Def Jam will release Lady Sov's compelling full-length debut, \"Public Warning,\" tomorrow, and the expectation is that the album will be a hit here. [PAR] As interesting as she may be on CD and MP3, Lady Sovereign is even more captivating onstage. That's not necessarily because of her performance skills, which need sharpening (less \"blah-blah-blah\"-ing through the lyrics, please, and try for better diction, too), but because of her caustic wit and unpredictable persona, which are at extreme odds with her appearance. Petite and ponytailed, Lady Sov looks not unlike a 12-year-old girl. [PAR] But Saturday, performing for the first time in the District, she introduced one song (\"The Broom\") by saying, \"It's about some [expletive] I hit over the head because she was being rude,\" and another (\"9 to 5\") by noting that she'd written it \"a long time ago, but it still makes sense because I'm still a lazy bastard.\" [PAR] The self-described \"biggest midget in the game\" also spotted a man in a full-body banana suit in the well-below-capacity crowd and ordered him to roll (yes, roll) onto the stage. She drop-kicked the strange fruit, verbally abused him, threw a bottle of water at him, then shoved him off the stage. Acting most unladylike, she also led the crowd in a hideous call-and-response belching exercise, discussed her private parts in moderate detail, and shattered an empty beer bottle against a wall by way of demanding another drink. [PAR] No wonder Lady Sov has been dubbed \"Feminem\" by the pop press. It's a perfect sobriquet, given her verbal dexterity, self-deprecating irreverence, penchant for antagonizing audiences, and undeniable whiteness. (Before performing \"Hoodie,\" a funky slice of social commentary about street fashion, she sneered and said: \"I can't dance to my music. It's pathetic, but I'm white.\") [PAR] Lady Sov's breakthrough U.S. hit, \"Love Me or Hate Me,\" even sounds like something out of Eminem's playbook with its clever, clownish wordplay, singsongy chorus and devil-may-care attitude as she thanks those who love her and more or less extends a middle finger to those who don't. [PAR] Of course, she's doing much less bird-flipping these days: The uproarious video for \"Love Me or Hate Me\" reached No. 1 on MTV's \"Total Request Live,\" an early indicator that Lady Sov (real name: Louise Harman) very well could succeed where her Brit-rap predecessors such as the Streets and Dizzee Rascal have failed -- which is to say, in America. But she might have to do so without getting much love from hard-core Southern hip-hop fans. Performing the song \"Random\" on Saturday, Lady Sov mocked the dominant American rap idiom and even alluded to the likes of Chingy and J-Kwon. [PAR] As"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Development Of Pip's Character in (Great Expectations ... The Development Of Pip's Character in (Great Expectations by Charles dickens) - a poem by ahmad. All poetry poets - All Poetry [PAR] The Development Of Pip's Character in (Great Expectations by Charles dickens) [PAR] [PAR] [ edit ] [PAR] Philip Pirrip in the novel Great Expectations by Charles dickens Is the major character in which the events of the novel revolves around him he is known as Pip. This novel like the novel of bildungsroman in which the actions revolve around the development of Pip from childhood to adulthood to the final state which is maturity .The author Charles Dickens in this novel showed the story of of a young boy called Pip who realizes his identity as he strives to be above his social class, pip's personality traits change through interaction with other people in the course of the story . [PAR] The beginning of the tale offer us a great events to know pip's personality .the author displays first how pip have no memory of his family ,he just can remember the appearance of his mother and father .this suggests that pip has good imagination although he was little boy .pip lived with his sister Mrs Joe ,but through out the story Mrs Joe acted as pip's mother , she was strict and raise pip up by hands because of that his relationship with Joe the blacksmith was much stronger than his relation with Mrs joe , so he was influenced strongly by joe than his sister .even we notice that his sister had more control Over pip's personality in the novel. The turning point in pip's life come after his first to satis house ,she trated him and his uncle pumblechook with scorn .pip's first impression about herthat she was wery proud also relying on the fact that she called him boy ,and this was the first time pip was treated so .the same thing happened to him when he met for the first time the beautiful girl Estella ,pip falls in love with her as they were playing cards she was laughing at his hands and his thick boots ,this was also a turning point in pip's life and an important stage or line that shows pip's eagerness to take the first step of changing his uncommon ways as he said \"Her contempt for me was so strong, that it became infectious, and I caught it.\" . the change that pip adopted in the novel was influenced mostly because of two characters Estella and Miss Havisham in which he had a strong desire to impress Estella ,Miss Havisham who was trying to break pip's heart using Estella as a tool . Although pip has a strong desire for better change in his life he was changing for worse at the beginning because he was not aware of this change yet .as we can see also throughout the course of the novel that Herbert had a great influence on pip's character by making pip realizes that getting a gentleman is not just about being unpleasant and treating lower class with contempt as pip had experienced to some extent from Estella and Miss Havisham ,Herbert also helped changing pip's character by invoking generosity and manners . [PAR] Love and friendship was pip's relationship with joe ,but when he brought joe to satis house to meet with Miss Havisham ,pip gets ashamed of joe's behaviors because it was an embarrassment for pip .pip saw this as a reminder of who he was and the place he came"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PANDORA - The First Woman of Greek Mythology PANDORA - The First Woman of Greek Mythology [PAR] Pandora [PAR] Epimetheus and the birth of Pandora, Athenian red-figure amphora C5th B.C., Ashmolean Museum [PAR] PANDORA was the first mortal woman who was formed out of clay by the gods. [PAR] The Titan Prometheus was once assigned the task of creating the race of man. He afterwards grew displeased with the mean lot imposed on them by the gods and so stole fire from heaven. Zeus was angered and commanded Hephaistos (Hephaestus) and the other gods create the first woman Pandora, endowing her with beauty and cunning. He then had her delivered to Prometheus' foolish younger brother Epimetheus as a bride. Zeus gave Pandora a storage jar (pithos) as a wedding gift which she opened, releasing the swarm of evil spirits trapped within. These would forever after plague mankind. Only Elpis (Hope) remained behind, a single blessing to ease mankind's suffering. [PAR] Pandora's daughter Pyrrha (Fire) was the first child born of a mortal mother. She and her husband Deukalion (Deucalion) were the sole survivors of the Great Deluge. To repopulate the earth they were instructed to cast stones over their shoulder which formed a new race of men and women. [PAR] The creation of Pandora was often depicted in ancient Greek vase painting. She appears as either a statue-like figure surrounded by gods, or as a woman rising out of the earth (called the anodos in Greek). Sometimes she is surrounded by dancing Satyroi (Satyrs) in a scene from a lost Satyr-play by Sophokles. [PAR] FAMILY OF PANDORA [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] NONE (created by the gods) (Hesiod Works & Days 54, Hesiod Theogony 560, Aeschylus Frag 204, Sophocles Pandora, Pausanias 1.24.7, Hyginus Fabulae 142) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.1] PYRRHA (by Epimetheus ) (Apollodorus 1.46, Hyginus Fabulae 142) [PAR] [1.2] PYRRHA (Strabo 9.5.23) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] PANDO\u2032RA (Pand\u00f4ra), i. e. the giver of all, or endowed with every thing, is the name of the first woman on earth. When Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven, Zeus in revenge caused Hephaestus to make a woman out of earth, who by her charms and beauty should bring misery upon the human race (Hes. Theog. 571, &c.; Stob. Serin. 1). Aphrodite adorned her with beauty, Hermes gave her boldness and cunning, and the gods called her Pandora, as each of the Olympians had given her some power by which she was to work the ruin of man. Hermes took her to Epimetheus, who forgot the advice of his brother Prometheus, not to accept any gift from Zeus, and from that moment all miseries came down upon men (Hes. Op. et Dies, 50, &c.). According to some mythographers, Epimetheus became by her the father of Pyrrha and Deucalion (Hygin. Fab. 142; Apollod. i. 7. \u00a7 2 ; Procl. ad Hes. Op. p. 30, ed. Heinsius; Ov. Met. i. 350); others make Pandora a daughter of Pyrrha and Deucalion (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 23). Later writers speak of a vessel of Pandora, containing all the blessings of the gods, which would have been preserved for the human race, had not Pandora opened the vessel, so that the winged blessings escaped irrecoverably. The birth of Pandora was represented on the pedestal of the statue of Athena, in the Parthenon at Athens (Paus. i. 24. \u00a7 7). In the Orphic poems Pandora occurs as an infernal awful divinity, and is associated with Hecate and the Erinnyes (Orph. Argon. 974). Pandora also occurs as a surname of Gaea (Earth), as the giver of all. (Schol. ad Aristoph."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Eleanor of Aquitaine BBC - History - Eleanor of Aquitaine [PAR] z [PAR] Eleanor of Aquitaine \u00a9 Eleanor was one of the most powerful women of the Middle Ages. Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, she would go onto become queen-consort of France and later queen of England. [PAR] Eleanor was the elder daughter of William, tenth Duke of Aquitaine. The exact date of her birth is unknown, but she was raised in one of Europe's most cultured courts and given an excellent education. She later became an important patron of poets and writers. [PAR] The death of Eleanor's only brother, and of her father in 1137, left her with a vast inheritance. At just 15-years-old, she had suddenly become the most eligible heiress in Europe. That same year she married Louis, heir to Louis VI of France, who shortly afterwards became king as Louis VII. The couple had two daughters. [PAR] In 1147, Eleanor accompanied her husband on the Second Crusade, travelling to Constantinople and Jerusalem. The Crusade was a failure and relations between Eleanor and her husband, already poor, deteriorated even further. Eleanor's failure to produce a son contributed considerably to this tension, and in 1152 they were divorced. [PAR] Two months later Eleanor married Henry of Anjou, who in 1154 became king of England. The couple had five sons and three daughters. For nearly two decades, Eleanor played an active part in the running of Henry's empire, travelling backwards and forwards between their territories in England and France. [PAR] In 1173 two of Eleanor's sons involved her in a plot against their father, and as a result Henry imprisoned her. After Henry's death in 1189, his eldest son, Richard I, ordered his mother's release. Despite her age (now in her mid-sixties, which was considered elderly in the 12th century) Eleanor became very closely involved in government. In 1190, she acted as regent in England when Richard went to join the Third Crusade. She even played her part in negotiations for his release after he was taken prisoner in Germany on his way home. [PAR] In 1199, Richard died and was succeeded by Eleanor and Henry's youngest son, John. Eleanor's role in English affairs now ceased, although she continued to be closely involved in those of Aquitaine, where she spent her final years. She died on 31 March 1204 and was buried in the abbey church at Fontevrault next to Henry II.[DOC] [TLE] Eleanor of Aquitaine - British History - HISTORY.com Eleanor of Aquitaine - British History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Eleanor of Aquitaine [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Eleanor of Aquitaine (1137-1152) was one of the most powerful and influential figures of the Middle Ages. Inheriting a vast estate at the age of 15 made her the most sought-after bride of her generation. She would eventually become the queen of France, the queen of England and lead a crusade to the Holy Land. She is also credited with establishing and preserving many of the courtly rituals of chivalry. [PAR] Google [PAR] Eleanor of Aquitaine: Early Life [PAR] Eleanor was born in what is now southern France, most likely in the year 1122. She was well educated by her cultured father, William X, Duke of Aquitaine, thoroughly versed in literature, philosophy, and languages and trained to the rigors of court life when she became her father\u2019s heir presumptive at the age 5. An avid horsewoman, she led an active life until she inherited her father\u2019s title and extensive lands upon his death when she was 15, becoming in one stroke duchess"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sugarloaf Mountain - Unique-South-America-Travel-Experience Sugarloaf Mountain [PAR] Sugarloaf Mountain (P\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo de A\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcar)... [PAR] Rio's most iconic mountain [PAR] Sugarloaf Mountain - \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd luoman/Istockphoto [PAR] If you've seen Moonraker (1979, James Bond movie starring Roger Moore) you've already been to sugarloaf mountain. [PAR] Remember Jaws?..the big guy able to chew nuts and bolts as easily as cornflakes crushing against it in the cable car and surviving unscathed? [PAR] Well, that's the mountain we're talking about, but do not worry, you don't need to be a spy to reach the summit and to enjoy the view. [PAR] Besides, landing is much easier and stress-free than in the movies. [PAR] In fact, it's a two-leg journey in the bondinho (cable car) that takes a few minutes to complete - and about 25,00 U$S of your time - reaching first Morro de A\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcar (220 meters high) and finally P\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo de A\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcar, rising 396 meters (1,299 ft) above Guanabara bay. [PAR] And you get a 360 degree view of the marvelous city of Rio de Janeiro in return. [PAR] Granted, the number of Rio de Janeiro attractions could be counted by the dozens so it all boils down to the length of your Brazil holidays to visit them all, but P\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo de A\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcar is the city's most iconic mountain that you simply cannot miss. [PAR] Furthermore, if I have to write a very concise list of sights, that would include sugarloaf mountain, corcovado mountain and the two most famous beaches in Rio de Janeiro: Ipanema and Copacabana beach . [PAR] Then you could continue with a tour to Samba City to get a hint of what carnival means to brazilian culture and cariocas in particular, a visit to the Botanical Garden and start doing the round of museums of course. [PAR] Don't want to overload you with homework because I'd assume you'll spend some time enjoying Rio 's nightlife as well. [PAR] At that point, you may consider to remain in Rio forever so keep an eye on your Brazil visa every now and then, would you? [PAR] According to history, back in January 1502, Guanabara bay - flanked by Pico do Papagaio (Parrot's Peak) and P\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo de A\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcar (Sugarloaf) at the western tip - became known to the world by the hands of two Portuguese explorers. [PAR] The ria (Portuguese for bay) was named Ria de Janeiro (being Janeiro Portuguese for January). Some confusion or translating error took place and rio (river) was adopted instead. [PAR] The city was named after this and the cidade maravilhosa of Rio de Janeiro was born, and became one of the most unique South America travel experiences of all times. [PAR] Sugarloaf mountain is so emblematic and worldwide known as a Rio attraction that even the Simpsons were there when Homer was kidnapped at \"Blame it on Lisa\" episode, so what are you waiting for?.. [PAR] Where to Stay: [PAR] Rio de Janeiro has an excellent infrastructure, luxurious hotels, small inns, plenty of hostels and pousadas, mainly located in the southern and downtown areas. [PAR] Hotels:[DOC] [TLE] Sugarloaf Mountain Brazil - Sugarloaf Mountain Tram Tours Sugarloaf Mountain Brazil - Sugarloaf Mountain Tram Tours [PAR] Sugarloaf Mountain Brazil [PAR] Vacations [PAR] Share [PAR] Sugarloaf Mountain Brazil is one of the most enduring Rio de Janeiro images. Forged by Mother Nature some 600 million years ago, this granite and quartz mountain rises high above Brazil's second largest city, adding a considerable highlight to an already spectacular landscape. Rare is the Rio de Janeiro visitor who doesn't have aspirations of venturing up to the summit of Sugarloaf Mountain Brazil,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nevil Shute Foundation\u2014Title Nevil Shute Foundation\u2014Title [PAR] \"A Town Like Alice/The Legacy\" [PAR] Review by Darci Evans [PAR] Nevil Shute is a classical author for any time period. He was born in 1900 and based his writing on his life occurrences. Early on, Shute was earning his living as an aeronautical engineer, doing stress calculations. His job became an incentive, with his writing becoming second priority, and suffering because of it. There is a gap in his publications spanning the Depression years of 1932-1937, during which time he founded Airspeed in the airship industry, which took up a majority of his time. Once Airspeed ceased to occupy all of his energies, Shute once again turned to writing. In 1938 when he published Kindling, Shute deviated his writing style from that of his earlier works. He escaped the standard subjects of drama; using his experiences raising capital for Airspeed through stocks and bonds, and experimenting with his own cures for England\u2019s economic problems. Up to this point, he had not produced any memorable works, but he was learning to use his own experiences for background and his character development skills were blossoming. In the 1940's he began writing his \"war novels\", all penned under British censorship, with an undeniable patriotism. He continued using the war as subject matter well into the 1950's, when he abandoned it altogether. His next works, dubbed the \"anti-war set\" by Richard La Ven a literary critic, imparts the fact that Shute had the opportunity to travel to India, Burma, the Dutch East Indies, and Australia. His world augmented and here his works took on a multitudinous luster more often associated with Shute. [PAR] The divergent novels Shute has written makes placing him in a time period arduous. A Town Like Alice appears to be a war novel on the surface, being published in 1950, but it was written when he was presumably doing some traveling in southeast Asia and Australia. The level and depth of his writing in Alice shows that he was indeed learning to draw upon his own experiences to create critically acclaimed works. [PAR] Alice would most appropriately conform to the genre of the sociological novel. The book portrays a community and how it deals with the changes due to world conflicts. In the post World War II aftermath, Jean Paget was quite anxious to escape from Malasia back to England, never thinking she would ever again see this place that held the multitude of horrible memories she now possessed. When she inherited a legacy, that all transfigured and she decided to thank the small village that took her and the other women in by digging them a well in the village's center. Little did she know at the time, but she would never return back to her home in England. Soon the little village had a well in the center instead of three miles away, and many other developments, compliments of Jean. It was here that she learned of Joe Harmon still alive and working in the outback. After some confusion, she joins him in Willstown where he works on a station in the outback. Jean, after having experienced the luxuries of Alice Springs on her way to Willstown, decides to start a shoe factory like the one she worked for in England. One thing leads to another, and suddenly there is an ice cream parlor, a hairdresser, a cinema, a pool house, a rec center, and a swimming pool. In the meantime, she in engaged to Joe, but they are delaying marriage until Jean's business in town is stable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter and the Wolf Introduction by Phil Tulga Peter and the Wolf Introduction by Phil Tulga [PAR] Peter and the Wolf [PAR] - a musical story by Sergei Prokofiev - [PAR] Welcome to my introduction on Peter and the Wolf. It includes:1) background on Prokofiev [pruh-COFFEE-ehf], 2) musical themes for each character, 3) multimedia activities that integrate Prokofiev's themes with other areas of the curriculum, 4) Prokofiev's original story that he wrote in 1936, and 5) my follow-up writing prompt and story map/sequence . So take a couple of minutes to read about Sergei Prokofiev, hear the characters' musical themes, and enjoy reading the classic musical tale, Peter and the Wolf. [PAR] Background [PAR] Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953) was born in the village of Sontsovka in the Donets region of the Ukraine. He was a child prodigy on the order of Mozart, composing for piano at age five and writing an opera at nine. His first teacher was his mother, a talented pianist. He attended the St. Petersburg Conservatory from 1904 to 1914, winning the Anton Rubinstein prize for best student pianist when he graduated. He traveled widely, spending many years in London and Paris, and toured the United States five times. [PAR] In 1936, Prokofiev returned to settle permanently in the Soviet Union. One of his first compositions after his return was Peter and the Wolf, written in just two weeks in April of 1936 for a children's theater in Moscow. Prokofiev invented the story and wrote the narration himself, drawing on memories of his own childhood. He constructed the music as a child's introduction to the orchestra, with each character in the story represented by a different instrument or group of instruments: Peter by the strings, the bird by the flute, the duck by the oboe, the cat by the clarinet, the wolf by the horn section, and so on. [PAR] Peter and the Wolf was an immediate success and has been loved by children all over the world. The music is sophisticated enough to be enjoyed by adults, even through repeated hearings. And its moral \u0097 you can't be a hero if you don't take risks \u0097 delights children as it must have cheered the composer. [PAR] Musical Themes [PAR] Prokofiev's Original Story [PAR] Early one morning, Peter opened the gate and walked out into the big green meadow. [PAR] On a branch of a big tree sat a little bird, Peter's friend. \"All is quiet\" chirped the bird happily. [PAR] Just then a duck came waddling round. She was glad that Peter had not closed the gate and decided to take a nice swim in the deep pond in the meadow. [PAR] Seeing the duck, the little bird flew down upon on the grass, settled next to her and shrugged his shoulders. \"What kind of bird are you if you can't fly?\" said he. To this the duck replied \"What kind of bird are you if you can't swim?\" and dived into the pond. [PAR] They argued and argued, the duck swimming in the pond and the little bird hopping along the shore. [PAR] Suddenly, something caught Peter's attention. He noticed a cat crawling through the grass. [PAR] The cat thought; \"That little bird is busy arguing, I'll just grab him. Stealthily, the cat crept towards him on her velvet paws. [PAR] \"Look out!\" shouted Peter and the bird immediately flew up into the tree, while the duck quacked angrily at the cat, from the middle of the pond. The cat walked around the tree and thought, \"Is it worth climbing up so high? By"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Strong's Hebrew: 2345. \u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd (chum) -- darkened, dark brown ... Strong's Hebrew: 2345. \u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd (chum) -- darkened, dark brown or black [PAR] darkened, dark brown or black [PAR] NASB Translation [PAR] black (3), black ones (1). [PAR] Brown-Driver-Briggs [PAR] \u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd adjective darkened, dark brown or black, only of colour of sheep (in Genesis 30 , J); \u2014 \u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05e9\u05b6\u05bf\u05c2\u05d4\u05d7\u05bf\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d1\u05db\u05e9\u05c2\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd Genesis 30:32 , \u05f3\u05d5\u05b0\u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d1\u05db Genesis 30:33 ,35, \u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d7\u05bf\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e6\u05d0\u05b9\u05df Genesis 30:40 (clause probably interpolated Ol Hup De We Di). [PAR] \u05d7\u05d5\u05ba\u05de\u05b8\u05d4 see below \u05d7\u05de\u05d4. [PAR] Strong's Exhaustive Concordance [PAR] brown [PAR] From an unused root meaning to be warm, i.e. (by implication) sunburnt or swarthy (blackish) -- brown. [PAR] Forms and Transliterations [PAR] \u05d5\u05b0\u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd\u0599 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d7\u0596\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd\u0599 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd chum \u1e25\u016bm veChum w\u0259\u00b7\u1e25\u016bm w\u0259\u1e25\u016bm [PAR] Links [PAR] HEB: \u05d5\u05b0\u05db\u05b8\u05dc\u05be \u05e9\u05b6\u05c2\u05d4\u05be \u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd\u0599 \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05d1\u05b4\u0594\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05b0\u05d8\u05b8\u05dc\u05a5\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 [PAR] NAS: and every black one [PAR] KJV: cattle, and all the brown cattle [PAR] INT: and every one black the lambs and the spotted [PAR] HEB: \u05d5\u05b0\u05d8\u05b8\u05dc\u059c\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05bd\u05e2\u05b4\u05d6\u05b4\u05bc\u0597\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05b0\u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd\u0599 \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05d1\u05b4\u0594\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05b8\u05bc\u05e0\u05a5\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1 [PAR] NAS: among the goats and black among the lambs, [PAR] KJV: among the goats, and brown among the sheep, [PAR] INT: and spotted the goats and black the lambs stolen [PAR] HEB: \u05d1\u05bc\u0594\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d5\u05b0\u05db\u05b8\u05dc\u05be \u05d7\u0596\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05d1\u05b4\u0591\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05ea\u05b5\u05bc\u0596\u05df [PAR] NAS: in it, and all the black ones among the sheep, [PAR] KJV: [and] every one that had [some] white in it, and all the brown among the sheep, [PAR] INT: white one the black the sheep and gave [PAR] HEB: \u05e2\u05b8\u05e7\u05b9\u059b\u05d3 \u05d5\u05b0\u05db\u05b8\u05dc\u05be \u05d7\u0596\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e6\u05b9\u05a3\u05d0\u05df \u05dc\u05b8\u05d1\u05b8\u0591\u05df [PAR] NAS: and all the black in the flock [PAR] KJV: the ringstraked, and all the brown in the flock [PAR] INT: the striped and all the black the flock of Laban[DOC] [TLE] H2345 - chuwm - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) H2345 - chuwm - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) [PAR] Gen 30:32 [PAR] I will pass through all thy flock to day, removing from thence all the speckled and spotted cattle, and all the brown H2345 cattle among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats: and of such shall be my hire. [PAR] Gen 30:33 [PAR] So shall my righteousness answer for me in time to come, when it shall come for my hire before thy face: every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and brown H2345 among the sheep, that shall be counted stolen with me. [PAR] Gen 30:35 [PAR] And he removed that day the he goats that were ringstraked and spotted, and all the she goats that were speckled and spotted, and every one that had some white in it, and all the brown H2345 among the sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons. [PAR] Gen 30:40 [PAR] And Jacob did separate the lambs, and set the faces of the flocks toward the ringstraked, and all the brown H2345 in the flock of Laban; and he put his own flocks by themselves, and put them not unto Laban's cattle."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] * Mango (Animals) - Definition,meaning - Online Encyclopedia * Mango (Animals) - Definition,meaning - Online Encyclopedia [PAR] Mangoverde :: World Bird Guide :: Ovenbird s :: Pale-legged Hornero [PAR] Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus [PAR] Described by: Swainson (1838) [PAR] Alternate common name(s): Tricolored Hornero , Tricoloured Horneo, Tricolor Horneo, Tricolour Horneo, Pacific Hornero , Caribbean Hornero ... [PAR] The Chimango Caracara is distributed in south-central and southern South America including the extreme south-east of Brazil. It is found in a large variety of open habitats including agricultural land where it follows the plough in large groups. [PAR] The Mango Humming-bird [PAR] The definitive website on wildbirds & nature [PAR] Birds of America ... [PAR] Veraguan Mango by Carlos Bethancourt [PAR] Although the Neotropical region supports fewer bird families than Africa, there are considerably more bird species here than anywhere else on earth. This means that there are some astoundingly large families of birds in Central and South America. [PAR] Mango [PAR] Sex: Female [PAR] Born on the 7th of February, Mango is the first calf for parents DJ and Inyeti. Being a young rhino means there is a lot to explore and learn about this big wide world, and that's exactly what Mango has been up to! ... [PAR] Mango fever [PAR] A swamp in Zambia houses the biggest bat roost in the world. [PAR] 3) Mangoverde.com - Yellow-nosed Albatross [PAR] Photo Information: Photo taken by Brian Gratwicke - Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License. [PAR] Click below for a higher-resolution map ... [PAR] Mango the Senegal (Owner: Cathy Quinones ) [PAR] MUCH THANKS to the Poicephalus FAQs Ken Hulme (kenhulme@cc.utah.edu) and Steve Degroof. Most of this document is plagerization of the FAQ [PAR] Senegal Description ... [PAR] Lifespan: Usually 15 years. Maximum recorded in captivity, 31 years 4 months [PAR] DID YOU KNOW? ... [PAR] The related mango bird inhabits India, and allied species are found in Africa and Australia. The male Baltimore Oriole s of East North America the head, throat, shoulders, wings, and tail are black and the rest of the plumage is orange. [PAR] Black-throated Mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis) [PAR] 3/30/04 - Mali, Fortuna Road, Bocas del Toro. Female sitting on her nest. [PAR] Green Thorntail (Discosura conversii) [PAR] 3/30/04 - Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Fortuna Road, Chiriqui. A female, looking up. [PAR] macroura Swallow -tailed Hummingbird Florisuga mellivora White-necked Jacobin Melanotrochilus fuscus Black Jacobin Colibri delphinae Brown Violet-ear thalassinus Green Violet-ear coruscans Sparkling Violet-ear serrirostris White-vented Violet-ear Anthracothorax viridigula Green-throated Mango ... [PAR] Laetitia Ferguson - Butler Point - Hihi Road, RD1, Mangonui 0494, 09 406 0006, butler.point@xtra.co.nz [PAR] Teresa Fischer - fishtc@xtra.co.nz [PAR] Megan Hickman - Farrago Farm - P.O. Box 14, Te Uku, Raglan 3266, 07 825 5052, farrago.farm@xtra.co.nz ... [PAR] They are especially fond of kale, zucchini, squash, mango, cantaloupe, banana, and apple. Dust this salad liberally on every third or fourth feeding with a high-quality calcium and multivitamin powder mixture. [PAR] However the Black Wood Turtle R. [PAR] Wild mangoes, bamboo and figs are especially favored. It is fond of salt and visits salt licks regularly. The Sumatran rhino feeds before dawn and after sunset and moves mostly by night. Much of the day is spent in wallows. [PAR] When trees are in fruit, usually during the monsoon season, sloth bear s dine on mango, fig, ebony, and other fruits, and also on some flowers. However, ants and termite s, dug out of their cement-hard nest mounds, are a year-round staple. [PAR] The Asian Elephant is a herbivore that favors bamboo, berries, mangoes, bananas, shrubs, tree foliage, wood,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is the highest judo belt really red? - Martial Arts Stack ... Is the highest judo belt really red? - Martial Arts Stack Exchange [PAR] Is the highest judo belt really red? [PAR] I found a graphic detailing belt colours according to ranks . In there, the last two judo ranks are red and white for 6-8th dan ranks and full red belts for 9 and 10th dan. [PAR] Is the highest judo belt really red? I thought it was black... [PAR] up vote 8 down vote [PAR] It is, and it takes a LONG time to reach. [PAR] If you ever reach your 9th Dan, you get a red belt to wear. The white-red belt is gotten at the 6th Dan. [PAR] But at this stage, you need to wait between 8 or 10 years between each test. And it's not automatically given to you ... the internal federation will only give the highest Dan to people who actually have an impact on judo as a whole ... in the history, there have only been 15 people who were awarded a 10th Dan. [PAR] In Canada there have been only 4 poeple with a 9th Dan: Raymond Damblant, Hiroshi Nakamura, Yeiji Inouye, Yoshio Senda. Dr.Senda was the 1st ever, and died in 2009. [PAR] It actually goes Black -> Red White -> Red [PAR] Those Upper ranks tend to be more about service to the art. [PAR] up vote 3 down vote [PAR] To add to the (excellent) answers already provided: [PAR] Black is an arbitrary color for an arbitrary level . This is why I've told people to be very, very dubious of special \"black belt tracks.\" [PAR] There are two reasons for this: [PAR] First, \"1 dan\" (or its equivalent) is an arbitrary designation within the art. It indicates that you have learned whatever set of principles they think you should know to be whatever they consider a 1 dan. This isn't flippant: It is part of why some arts get you to \"1 dan\" relatively quickly where others it can take years and years to get there. [PAR] This means that while comparing 1 dans within a single art is fairly effectively, it breaks down somewhat even between schools in the same art and almost entirely when you transition between arts. [PAR] The second reason is that, even within different schools within the same art, they will use different belts. I've seen a \"brown belt\" and a \"red belt\" mean the same kup rank simply because the organization as a whole had no prescription and the individual schools used different belt color ordering. [PAR] Basically what it boils down to is that if an individual is a \"black belt\" or a \"red belt\" it doesn't mean a whole lot without knowing how long it takes/what it takes to get there and where that particular school/tradition considers that belt color in whatever ranking system they use. [PAR] \u2026which of course all assumes they even use a graded ranking system and that it is represented by belts, neither of which are even entirely universal . [PAR] up vote 1 down vote [PAR] You are correct. Red belts are the highest level that one could obtain, 9th Dan being the highest level a normal person could become and 10th Dan which is reserved for the Head of the foundation or Ex Heads.. [PAR] Usually for 3rd DAN and above, any promotion would no longer be based solely on your technical skills, but by your contribution to the JUDO society. Contributions such as organizing international Judo events in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Most Incredible Underwater Restaurants and Hotels ... 7 Most Incredible Underwater Restaurants and Hotels - Entertainment Designer [PAR] Home \u00bb News \u00bb Hospitality Design News \u00bb Restaurant Design News \u00bb 7 Most Incredible Underwater Restaurants and Hotels [PAR] 7 Most Incredible Underwater Restaurants and Hotels [PAR] Posted by KarlFabricius on Monday, September 27th, 2010 [PAR] Image: KTA Public Relations [PAR] What could be more inviting than indulging oneself underwater \u2013 drinking fine wine, enjoying haute cuisine or simply relaxing in the lap of luxury \u2013 while fish swim past and air bubbles float serenely to the surface? Short of restaurants, bars and hotels ensconced on the surface of the moon, entertainment spaces don\u2019t come much more breathtaking. The magic of architectural brilliance and design ingenuity are certainly on the menu for anyone lucky enough to patronize one of these places. Here are seven spaces where vistas of submarine environments open up before the eyes of visitors in the ocean\u2019s depths. [PAR] 7. Poseidon Undersea Resort, Fiji [PAR] Image: Poseidon Resorts [PAR] Fiji\u2019s Poseidon Underwater Resort promises \u201cthe experience of a lifetime\u201d \u2013 and we certainly wouldn\u2019t argue with such a bold claim from a luxury undersea complex featuring a restaurant and lounge as well as over 20 suites, situated in a 5,000-acre (20 km2) coral lagoon. The only thing is \u2013 it hasn\u2019t been built yet. While scheduled to be opened in 2008, the project is still in development \u2013 but it\u2019s only a matter of time. Nestled in up to 40 feet (12 m) of water, Poseidon will be accessed from the surface via large tunnels \u2013 which will also help to maintain air pressure \u2013 although one sunken bungalow will require a submarine trip to reach. Each 550-square-foot (51 m2) guest room will offer 270 degree views onto the cerulean sights outside, through thick acrylic windows. It\u2019s said the hotel is being built on land ready to be lowered in stages into the sea. A sub-oceanic paradise beckons \u2013 for those who will be able to afford it. [PAR] 6. Al Mahara, Dubai, UAE [PAR] Image: Gryffindor [PAR] Billed as \u201cthe azure jewel in the Burj Al Arab\u2019s culinary crown\u201d, the Al Mahara (meaning \u201cOyster\u201d) is a lavish, underwater themed restaurant. Although not actually situated under the sea, it certainly feels as if it is. Guests to this venue, inside Dubai\u2019s iconic 7-star hotel, are seated around a large, cylindrical floor-to-ceiling aquarium, teeming with exotic fish. This acrylic glass tank holds around 990,000 litres (35,000 cubic ft) of seawater and stands as the restaurant\u2019s centerpiece \u2013 literally and thematically. The experience starts with a simulated underwater submarine ride from the reception to the dining room \u2013 a rather formal destination after the slightly kitsch voyage. It\u2019s all very oceanic, in a plush yet tranquil kind of way and, as dining experiences go, pretty unique. Once named one of the world\u2019s 50 best restaurants, Al Mahara lives up its reputation as one of the must-sees of the Burj Al Arab, completed in 1991. Sleek, inspiring stuff. [PAR] 5. Jules\u2019 Underwater Lodge, Key Largo, Florida [PAR] Image: Jules\u2019 Undersea Lodge [PAR] Not a bar or restaurant but one step further, Jules\u2019 Underwater Lodge in Key Largo, Florida is the world\u2019s first underwater hotel. Opened in 1986, this wonder of design and engineering lies 30 feet (9 m) below sea level and can only be reached by scuba diving through the tropical mangrove habitat of Emerald Lagoon. Guests enter through a hatch in the bottom of the cottage-sized structure and soon emerge to find themselves in living quarters"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Far From the Madding Crowd (1967) - Cast, Ratings, Awards Far From the Madding Crowd (1967) - Cast, Ratings, Awards [PAR] Far From the Madding Crowd [PAR] Cast & Crew [PAR] Far From the Madding Crowd (1967) Romance and Drama | PG | 2 hours and 49 minutes | October 18, 1967 (USA) [PAR] Be the first to review [PAR] +2 [PAR] Producer: Joseph Janni [PAR] Based on Thomas Hardy's renowned novel, this British drama focuses on Bathsheba Everdene (Julie Christie), a beautiful young woman who inherits a picturesque farm from her uncle and is determined to run it herself. Three very different suitors \u2013 Francis Troy (Terence Stamp), an intense soldier; William Boldwood (Peter Finch), a middle-aged farmer; and Gabriel Oak (Alan Bates), a shepherd of modest means \u2013 all contend for Bathsheba's hand, and conflict is inevitable. [PAR] See All Movies [PAR] Did You Like The Movie? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] More Movies With Julie Christie [PAR] How famous is the cast of \"Far From the Madding Crowd\"? [PAR] PrettyFamous Score [PAR] The PrettyFamous score quantifies the fame of the film's cast members based on the number of awards the actors and actresses have ever been nominated for, combined box office gross of all the movies the actors and actresses have been in, and the current internet popularity of the cast. [PAR] Ranking Every Matthew McConaughey Movie From Worst to Best [PAR] PrettyFamous tracked Matthew McConaughey's career by ranking his entire filmography (no matter what size his role) to date from worst to first. [PAR] 7 minute read \u203a[DOC] [TLE] Far from the Madding Crowd (1967) - IMDb Far from the Madding Crowd (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Far from the Madding Crowd ( 1967 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] Bathsheba Everdene, a willful, flirtatious, young woman, unexpectedly inherits a large farm and is romantically pursued by three very different men. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Thomas Hardy (from the novel by), Frederic Raphael (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Airs Sun. Jan. 29, 2:00 PM on TCM [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 11 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 11 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 03 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: Far from the Madding Crowd (1967) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A vain, pretty girl has recently taken over her uncle's farm. Her independent, na\u00efve personality leaves her torn between the three men who wish to marry her. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Renton [PAR] In Victorian England, the independent and headstrong Bathsheba Everdene attracts three very different suitors: Gabriel Oak, a sheep farmer; Frank Troy,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All National Stereotypes \u2013 National Stereotypes All National Stereotypes \u2013 National Stereotypes [PAR] What a stereotypical place, especially the Western half! [PAR] Western Europe [PAR] With Northern Europe, seen as the home of advanced technology, sophisticated culture, and loose (or modern, depending on your perspective) morals. Within the region, there\u2019s a definite split between the northern part (Germany, Britain, the Netherlands, and northern France) and the southern part (Italy, Spain, Portugal, and southern France) about which part is emphasized, with the north being seen as more businesslike and the south as more laid-back. Germany straddles the line with Central Europe, with the old East Germany being in many ways similar to its eastern neighbors. The same is true of Austria. [PAR] United Europe: The European Union is a specific European phenomenon. Even since its creation in 1957 more countries have joined it and thus provided stable peace in most of Europe ever since the end of World War Two. It also provides economic collaboration and a unity needed to compete with The United States, Japan and China. However, the E.U. is also seen as a bureaucratic monster unable to give its member states one \u201cEuropean\u201d identity, because every country desperately clings on to their own centuries old nationalistic traditions and identity. There are also fears that all the youngest member states (mostly former Eastern Bloc countries) will financially hurt the richer member states. [PAR] In the U.S., there are essentially two sets of stereotypes about Europe: [PAR] The older stereotypes are all about quaint old monarchies, castles, and sparkly princesses. See: Medieval European Fantasy. [PAR] The newer stereotypes suggest that every European government is run by a bunch of leftists and socialists who hate war too much and are probably kinky atheists too. This adds up to the American right-wing viewing Europeans as degenerate, godless commies. The American left sometimes buys into these stereotypes too, but views them more positively and have developed their own stereotype of Europe as a political wonderland free from people resembling Republican Party politicians. [PAR] Europeans Are Kinky: Especially continental Europe has a reputation for being far more liberated and open-minded about sex and nudity, compared to the United States of America and Asia. Many erotic exotic foreigner stereotypes are from European descent such as Scandinavia (Sexy Scandinavian), the Netherlands (Free State Amsterdam, thanks to legalized prostitution), France (Everyone Looks Sexier If French, Everything Sounds Sexier in French), Germany (Brawn Hilda), Spain, Italy (Latin Lover, Spicy Latina), Eastern Europe, the Baltic Countries and Russia (Sensual Slavs). There\u2019s some Truth in Television to this: a lot of works depicting sex and nudity causing excitement or controversy in other continents hardly bat an eye in Europe. But, of course, this doesn\u2019t mean all Europeans are like that. The United Kingdom and Ireland, two islands separate from Continental Europe, are far more prudent and, speaking of Ireland, many predominantly Catholic countries in Europe like Spain, Poland or Italy tend to be less easygoing on the topic than others. Also, even in other European countries you\u2019re liable to find people who are more reserved about the matter. [PAR] Andorra [PAR] Best known as mini state and tax haven. And they have good sky resorts. [PAR] Austria [PAR] Yodel Land: Since Austria and Switzerland have a similar landscape the countries are both associated with mountaineering, alpine horns, yodeling,\u2026 And, of course, often confused with each other. [PAR] Austrians are often confused with Germans and Swiss people. [PAR] Just like the Germans, people from the Austrian county Tyrol will be portrayed wearing Tyrolean hats and lederhosen and their women"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Acute coryza - RightDiagnosis.com Acute coryza - RightDiagnosis.com [PAR] Acute coryza [PAR] Acute coryza (medical condition): Nasopharyngitis is a contagious, viral infectious disease of... more \u00bb [PAR] See also: [PAR] Acute coryza as a Disease [PAR] Acute coryza: Another name for Nasopharyngitis (or close medical condition association). [PAR] \u00bb Treatments for Nasopharyngitis [PAR] Acute coryza: Related Diseases [PAR] Acute coryza: Acute coryza is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: [PAR] Some of the causes of Acute coryza are included in the list below: [PAR] Picornaviruses [PAR] See full list of 12 causes of Acute coryza (Nasopharyngitis) [PAR] Symptoms of Acute coryza (Nasopharyngitis) [PAR] Some of the symptoms of Acute coryza incude: [PAR] See full list of 12 symptoms of Acute coryza (Nasopharyngitis) [PAR] Treatments for Acute coryza (Nasopharyngitis) [PAR] Treatments for Acute coryza (Nasopharyngitis) include: [PAR] There are no antiviral drugs approved to treat or cure the infection; all medications used are palliative and treat symptoms only [PAR] Alternative treatments such as vitamin C, echinacea, and zinc have been proposed but none of them have been shown to decrease the duration of the illness [PAR] Conservative treatment - plenty of rest, drinking fluids to maintain hydration, gargling with warm salt water, using cough drops, throat sprays, or over-the-counter pain or cold medicines. Saline nasal drops may help alleviate congestion. [PAR] Treatment of Acute coryza: For more treatment information about Acute coryza, see treatment of Nasopharyngitis (Acute coryza) [PAR] Terms associated with Acute coryza: [PAR] The following terms can be used for Acute coryza [PAR] Search to find out more about Acute coryza:[DOC] [TLE] Coryza | definition of coryza by Medical dictionary Coryza | definition of coryza by Medical dictionary [PAR] Coryza | definition of coryza by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/coryza [PAR] rhinitis [PAR] [ri-ni\u00b4tis] [PAR] inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose; it may be either mild and chronic or acute. Viruses, bacteria, and allergens are responsible for its varied manifestations. Often a viral rhinitis is complicated by a bacterial infection caused by streptococci, staphylococci, and pneumococci or other bacteria. hay fever , an acute type of allergic rhinitis, is also subject to bacterial complications. Many factors assist the invasion of the mucous membranes by bacteria, including allergens, excessive dryness, exposure to dampness and cold, excessive inhalation of dust, and injury to the nasal cilia due to viral infection. [PAR] It usually is not serious, but some forms may be contagious. The mucous membrane of the nose becomes swollen and there is a nasal discharge. Some types are accompanied by fever, muscle aches, and general discomfort with sneezing and running eyes. Breathing through the nose may become difficult or impossible. Often rhinitis is accompanied by inflammation of the throat and sinuses. If bacterial infection develops, the nasal discharge is thick and contains pus. [PAR] Acute rhinitis is the medical term for the common cold . Chronic rhinitis may result in permanent thickening of the nasal mucosa. Treatment of rhinitis is aimed at eliminating the primary cause and administration of decongestants to relieve nasal congestion. [PAR] acute rhinitis common cold . [PAR] allergic rhinitis any allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa, occurring perennially ( nonseasonal allergic rhinitis ) or seasonally ( hay fever ). [PAR] atrophic rhinitis a chronic form of nonallergic noninfectious rhinitis marked by wasting of the mucous membrane and the glands. It is sometimes the result of trauma, vascular damage by radiation therapy, and environmental irritants, and disease has also been implicated. [PAR] rhinitis caseo\u00b4sa that with a caseous, gelatinous, and fetid discharge. [PAR] fibrinous rhinitis"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Players are Needed in Lacrosse? How Many Players are Needed in Lacrosse? [PAR] How Many Players are Needed in Lacrosse? [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] How many players are required to play lacrosse? [PAR] ------------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] Answer This is a tricky question. And it depends on the type and level of lacrosse. For college mens field lacrosse according to the NCAA rule book 10 players must start a game per side but a team can play with fewer if a team loses a player during the game due to penalty or injury. [PAR] For High School and Youth boys/mens field lacrosse each team should start with 10 each, but that number can be lowered as low as 7 per side if both sides agree to play with less. [PAR] For Womens/Girls Field Lacrosse 12 players per side is a full team and is typically the number played with. However the rule book states that any number of players up to 12 may be used if agreed by both sides. [PAR] Box Lacrosse is played with 6 players per side. [PAR] I hope this helps Happy Laxin. [PAR] Jamey"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero | prime minister of Spain ... Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero | prime minister of Spain | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of Spain [PAR] Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero , (born August 4, 1960, Valladolid , Spain ), Spanish politician, who served as prime minister of Spain from 2004 to 2011. [PAR] Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero, 2011. [PAR] Liao Pan/Color China Photo/AP [PAR] Zapatero was the son of a lawyer and the grandson of a Republican army officer executed by Gen. Francisco Franco \u2019s forces during the Spanish Civil War . He attended the University of Le\u00f3n and became a member of the university\u2019s law faculty after graduating in 1982. In 1986 Zapatero, who had joined the Spanish Socialist Workers\u2019 Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Espa\u00f1ol; PSOE) in 1979, was elected to the national parliament, becoming its youngest member. Two years later he was made general secretary of the PSOE\u2019s Le\u00f3n provincial federation. Zapatero established a reputation as a capable, hardworking deputy, but he held no public office in the socialist administrations that governed Spain between 1982 and 1996. In July 2000, however, he defeated three other candidates to become the party\u2019s general secretary. He promised to modernize both the PSOE and its policies, offering an agenda that revolved around economic efficiency , women\u2019s rights, democratic participation, laicism, and \u201cconstructive\u201d opposition to the conservative Popular Party (PP) government. [PAR] As the 2004 general elections neared, opinion polls suggested an easy win for the PP. On March 11, 2004, however, Madrid suffered a series of terrorist attacks, and Prime Minister Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar and his PP government drew criticism for their attempts to blame the Basque separatist group ETA even after members of the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda were arrested. Aided by the voter backlash, the PSOE won a surprise victory at the elections on March 14. Zapatero was sworn in as prime minister on April 17, 2004, and he subsequently appointed a cabinet that combined established and emerging figures, half of whom were women. Within weeks of taking office, he also followed through on a campaign pledge to withdraw troops serving in Iraq . (See Iraq War .) Zapatero\u2019s government supported a number of social reforms, including the legalization of same-sex marriage and the criminalization of domestic violence. In response to two long-standing issues, the status of Catalonia and of the Basque Country , Zapatero supported the declaration of nationhood for Catalonia in 2006 and pledged not to yield to ETA terrorism, respectively. [PAR] The PSOE triumphed again in the 2008 general elections after a fiercely battled campaign, though it failed to gain an absolute majority. Zapatero pledged to boost Spain\u2019s economy\u2014which was slumping as a result of the economic downturn then afflicting much of the world\u2014and to continue his agenda of social and political reform, but the country\u2019s financial situation grew worse through 2009\u201310. Unemployment topped 20 percent, and plummeting poll numbers and PSOE losses in regional elections forced a series of cabinet reshuffles. Zapatero announced in April 2011 that he would not seek another term as prime minister, but that news failed to buoy the PSOE, which fared poorly in another round of regional elections held the following month. In July 2011, as Spain\u2019s economy continued to flounder, Zapatero announced that he would advance the date of the next general election from March 2012 to November 2011. In the general election on November 20, 2011, the PP routed the PSOE, which turned in its worst performance since the post-Franco restoration of democracy . Zapatero remained prime minister of a caretaker administration until the formation of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eve Of Destruction by Barry McGuire Songfacts Eve Of Destruction by Barry McGuire Songfacts [PAR] Eve Of Destruction by Barry McGuire Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] A protest song about political issues of the '60s, many radio stations refused to play it because of its antigovernment lyrics. There was an upside to this controversy, however, as it piqued interest in the song, sending it to #1 in the US. [PAR] The song takes on racism, hypocrisy and injustice at a volatile time in American history. The assassination of US President John F. Kennedy in 1963 was a big influence on the song. [PAR] This was written by 19-year-old P.F. Sloan , who was a staff songwriter at McGuire's label and went on to form The Grass Roots. Sloan wrote on his website: \"The song 'Eve of Destruction' was written in the early morning hours between midnight and dawn in mid-1964. The most outstanding experience I had in writing this song was hearing an inner voice inside of myself for only the second time. It seemed to have information no one else could've had. For example, I was writing down this line in pencil 'think of all the hate there is in Red Russia.' This inner voice said 'No, no it's Red China!' I began to argue and wrestle with that until near exhaustion. I thought Red Russia was the most outstanding enemy to freedom in the world, but this inner voice said the Soviet Union will fall before the end of the century and Red China will engage in crimes against humanity well into the new century! This inner voice that is inside of each and every one of us but is drowned out by the roar of our minds! The song contained a number of issues that were unbearable for me at the time. I wrote it as a prayer to God for an answer. [PAR] I have felt it was a love song and written as a prayer because, to cure an ill you need to know what is sick. In my youthful zeal I hadn't realized that this would be taken as an attack on The System! Examples: The media headlined the song as everything that is wrong with the youth culture. First, show the song is just a hack song to make money and therefore no reason to deal with its questions. Prove the 19-year old writer is a communist dupe. Attack the singer as a parrot for the writers word. The media claimed that the song would frighten little children. I had hoped thru this song to open a dialogue with Congress and the people. The media banned me from all national television shows. Oddly enough they didn't ban Barry. The United States felt under threat. So any positive press on me or Barry was considered un-patriotic. A great deal of madness, as I remember it! I told the press it was a love song. A love song to and for humanity, that's all. It ruined Barry's career as an artist and in a year I would be driven out of the music business too.\" [PAR] This was originally recorded by The Turtles, who released it on their first album earlier in 1965. The Turtles did not release it as a single, and McGuire's version became the hit. As management problems and personnel changes plagued The Turtles, they finally decided to release this as a single in 1970, shortly before they broke up. It was their last song to chart, reaching #100. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Andrew - Ventura, CA [PAR] McGuire was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BELGRADE THEATRE - 1323696 | Historic England BELGRADE THEATRE - 1323696| Historic England [PAR] BELGRADE THEATRE [PAR] List Entry Summary [PAR] This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest. [PAR] Name: BELGRADE THEATRE [PAR] BELGRADE THEATRE, UPPER WELLS STREET [PAR] The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. [PAR] County: [PAR] National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Grade: II [PAR] Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Legacy System Information [PAR] The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. [PAR] Legacy System: LBS [PAR] UID: 469317 [PAR] Asset Groupings [PAR] This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. [PAR] List entry Description [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] Reasons for Designation [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] History [PAR] Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. [PAR] Details [PAR] SP 3379 SW COVENTRY BELGRADE SQUARE (south west side) 833/4/10021 Belgrade Theatre [PAR] II [PAR] Includes: Belgrade Theatre, UPPER WELLS STREET. Includes: Belgrade Theatre, CORPORATION STREET. Civic repertory theatre, incorporating flats and offices. 1956-8 by Coventry City Architect's Department: chief architect Arthur Ling, principal architect Douglas Beaton, group architect Kenneth G King with H W Pearson, K Edgar, M McLellan, W Armstrong, Jean Hanney and G Bryson. Peter Jay engineer, with the Building Research Establishment. Steel frame clad in whitbed and roach Portland stone with spar dash finish to exposed concrete of auditorium shell and brick to Corporation street elevation; that to Belgrade Square with five panels of double-height glazing. Entrance at junction of Belgrade Square and Corporation Street gives left on to cafe with restaurant over, and right on to double-height foyer the length of the facade. Behind this the auditorium with boxes and gallery which rises behind facade. Backstage area not of special interest. Offices over foyer, the Corporation Street facade with 6 shops and originally 21 flats for visiting actors now mainly used as offices. The foyer with auditorium rising behind make a symmetrical composition to Belgrade Square, with metal framed glazing. City crest on auditorium wall. Offset entrance to left under small balcony with straight metal balusters. Corporation Street elevation projects on columns over shops, which are not of special interest. Cafe with blind panels of stone between metal windows, on which survives original lettering 'BELGRADE THEATRE'. First floor restaurant in projecting first floor frame incorporating relief by J C (Jimmie) Brown based on C17 engraving of Belgrade. The 21 former flats with square windows in rendered surrounds. The interior survives with little alteration to the public areas save that the entrance was remodelled in 1984 and a coffee bar installed. Long narrow foyer on two floors with pierced openings and open well stairs to either end. Ground floor mural by Martin Froy depicting the four seasons in tesserae. Hanging lamps by Bernard Shottlander, a good example of Coventry's post-war policy of including works by German artists and craftsmen in many of their public building. 862-seat auditorium with stalls and single circle; a feature of the side walls are two tiers each of three stepped boxes, the upper ones giving the effect of loge seating. Two further boxes to rear of stalls either side of lighting and sound control box. Troughed"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 3D Skeletal System: Atlas, Axis, and the Atlanto-Axial ... 3D Skeletal System: Atlas, Axis, and the Atlanto-Axial Relationship [PAR] 3D Skeletal System: Atlas, Axis, and the Atlanto-Axial Relationship [PAR] Tweet [PAR] There are 33 vertebrae in your vertebral column. Or is it 24? Doesn't matter\u2014both numbers are correct. You're born with 33, but the sacrum and coccyx fuse to the rest of the spine, making it 24 by the time you're an adult. [PAR] Of those 24 (not counting the sacrum and coccyx), two vertebrae are fortunate enough to have names. The atlas (C01) and axis (C02) are two of the most important vertebrae in the spine. Without them, head and neck movement would be impossible.The atlas and axis vertebrae are the two most superior bones in the vertebral column. They are part of the seven cervical vertebrae. The atlas is the top-most bone, sitting just below the skull; it is followed by the axis. Together, they support the skull, facilitate neck movement, and protect the spinal cord. (Think of them as BFFs\u2014you won't find one without the other.) [PAR] [PAR] Unlike the other vertebrae, the atlas does not have a spinous process. Instead, it is ringlike and consists of an anterior and posterior arch, as well as two lateral masses. The transverse processes (the protrusions of bone on either side of the ring) serve as the attachment sites of muscles that assist in rotating the head. The foramina (the holes) give passage to the vertebral artery and vertebral vein. [PAR] The axis is somewhat analogous to the other cervical vertebrae in shape, but it differs slightly for two reasons: its spinous process isn't as obviously bifid, and the presence of the dens. The spinous process serves as the attachment site for many muscles of the spine, particularly those close to the skull, as well as the nuchal ligament. [PAR] [PAR] The dens (above, in green), or odontoid process, is a toothlike projection of bone that rises perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body of the axis. Its purpose is very important, but I'll get to that later. [PAR] Let's talk about joints. [PAR] [PAR] CRANIOVERTEBRAL JOINTS [PAR] There are many types of vertebral joints, but the atlas and axis form the only craniovertebral joints in the body. A craniovertebral joint is exactly what it sounds like: a joint that permits movement between the vertebral column and the skull. [PAR] The ligaments in the spine support and reinforce the joints between the vertebrae. The atlas and axis in particular work with the ligaments to move the neck. The atlas and the occipital bone form the atlanto-occipital joint, which allows neck flexion. When you nod your head as if to say \"yes,\" that is neck flexion. The atlas and axis form the atlanto-axial joint, which allows head rotation. If you shake your head as if to say \"no,\" that is head rotation. [PAR] [PAR] The atlanto-axial joint is a compound synovial joint. A synovial joint is a freely moveable joint, differing from other types of joints due to the presence of synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint. Most of the main joints (hands, feet, and other regions in the appendicular skeleton) are synovial joints. [PAR] It is also a pivot joint. A pivot joint is made by the end of one articulating bone rotating in a ring formed by another bone and its ligaments. Think of a metal washer twisting around a bolt. The dens articulates with the facet on the atlas, as well as the transverse ligament, and this articulation provides the head with approximately 50% of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to become a polyglot - Fluent in 3 months - Language ... How to become a polyglot - Fluent in 3 months - Language Hacking and Travel Tips [PAR] Fluent in 3 months - Language Hacking and Travel Tips [PAR] How to become a polyglot [PAR] How to become a polyglot [PAR] by Benny Lewis [PAR] What is a polyglot? [PAR] One of the most frequent questions I get asked is How can I become a polyglot like you? A polyglot is someone who can speak several languages. You can see me demonstrate the ones that I know in the compilation video below, which gives people a tour of my old site design (which has since been hugely updated). [PAR] While it may seem impressive in the Anglophone world, multilingualism is quite normal in many cultures. Out of the places that I\u2019ve been to, the west of Ireland has several bilingual individuals ( Irish and English), Quebec has plenty who speak both French and English perfectly, Catalonia has Spanish and Catalan natives, a lot of Europeans speak 3 or more languages quite fluently, and many Indians I met spoke an impressive 5 or more Indian languages (as well as English), which can be extremely different compared to one another. [PAR] In my attempt to expand my horizons and try my best to get to know a country\u2019s culture, learning its language it\u2019s just a natural step to take, which I\u2019ve repeated several times. Today I\u2019ll give you some points on how to do that if you are trying it yourself! [PAR] Motivation to be a polyglot [PAR] If you are learning several languages for the wrong reasons and go for quantity rather than quality, without appreciating each one, then all you will really get is a basic staggering command over an \u201cimpressive\u201d number of languages. [PAR] This is hardly worthy of praise (which in itself is horrible motivation), and is just an excuse to have bragging rights. My priority has always been quality over quantity and this is why I keep coming back to languages that I already know, to bring my level up a bit more, and especially to make sure that it doesn\u2019t slip down. [PAR] The start of my interest in languages started in Spain. I met this fascinating Brazilian guy who had a perfect American accent on his English, lovely Spanish, flowing French and, of course, Portuguese. [PAR] We were part of an international exchange program for engineers and architects and we would all socialise together, and he would turn his head between several of us and flick between each of his languages with perfect ease, and converse with people in their native language. [PAR] This was the coolest thing that I had ever seen! My plans to go back to Ireland to study for a Masters were thrown out the window, and my life appreciating languages began. [PAR] Even though the only language that I spoke was English, I wanted to become a polyglot and I have been committed to that mission ever since! I had plenty of work ahead of me and spent months trying to speak Spanish without making any progress until I figured out the obvious problem that most people don\u2019t seem to get, but after years of work with several other languages, I feel like I can now safely call myself a polyglot too. [PAR] As I keep saying on this blog, this is not down to any kind of natural talents, genetic heritage, lucky horseshoes or alien experimentation. It\u2019s just from treating the problem scientifically and using"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] sastrugi sastrugi [PAR] SASTRUGI [PAR] SASTRUGI (sa\u02c8stru\u02d0gi) [PAR] noun \u2013 parallel wave-like ridges caused by wind on the [PAR] surface of hard snow, especially in polar regions. Singular, SASTRUGA. Origin: Russian dialect (Siberia) zastruga: za, beyond + struga, deep place into which one may fall. [PAR] Sastrugi tells the gripping story of Jonathon Bradshaw who, at the age of 36, gave up every modern comfort and started cycling from London to New York via the Arctic Circle. After crossing the barren volcanic deserts of Iceland, only Greenland and its vast polar icecap stood in the way of him reaching North America. [PAR] [PAR] This is the story of how Jonathon crossed the Greenland icecap with no previous polar training, his serendipitous meeting with three Irish adventurers that would change his life forever, and how he confirmed his place in history as a member of the first Irish team to ski to the South Pole. Join him on his arduous six-month adventure across two of the coldest and most remote places on earth. [PAR] Available on Amazon in Paperback and Kindle [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \"A captivating tale of a complete Polar novice's epic journey to the South Pole. Sastrugi is a shining example of the never-say-die spirit of the human soul. The physical and mental resolve shown by the author is admirable. [PAR] [PAR] Despite common perceptions that polar exploration is not what it used to be I can vouch that there is definitely no such thing as an easy ride to the South Pole and, as an absolute rookie, the author\u2019s exploits are all the more commendable.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bankable Productions | Tomorrow's Production Future Today! Bankable Productions | Tomorrow's Production Future Today! [PAR] CONTACT [PAR] about BANKABLE PRODUCTIONS [PAR] As an Independent film and Television Production company, Bankable Productions, founded by Model Tyra Banks strives to entertain a broad audience that spans all ages from children to adults. Tyra Banks, Bankable Productions Chief Executive Officer (C.E.O.) has successfully headed up familiar projects such as America's Next Top Model, The Tyra Banks Show and More. [PAR] Bankable Productions, in 2007, signed an exclusive deal with Warner Bros. Entertainment to produce primetime television/cable series with the partnering studio giant. Expanding operations from Los Angeles into New York, Bankable Productions in 2008 retained Citi Structure to build an elaborate headquarters location on West 26th Street in Manhattan. [PAR] The U.S. Credit Union has already confirmed that Bankable Productions will receive more than 50 to 100 Million in additional investment capitol for expansions and production cost pushing into 2013 as C.E.O. Extraordinaire Banks partners with Universal Superier ... the Undisputed U.S. Records Film, Digital & Holographic Media manufacturing collaborative(s) proposing a 10 Year partnership with the already established and impressive Bankable Productions to assist with a Major Media production deal. [PAR] Internet Channel(s) [PAR] Visit us Online. WWW Bankable Productions Broadcast. [PAR] Worldwide Web Bankable Productions Broadcast are designed to reach viewers wherever they are on the internet. View our broadcast online and choose your favorite BP Channel. [PAR] Media Partners [PAR] Our partners make it possible. Join 'US'. [PAR] Global Media partners make Bankable Productions possible for every viewer, team member and overall community participants. We appreciate you & Thank You. 'NEW''? become a partner. [PAR] Cable Broadcast [PAR] Global BP Broadcast for 'US' all to enjoy. Tune in. [PAR] Bankable Productions broadcast (currently) on cable stations world wide. Tune in to your favorite Bankable Productions Broadcast and experience the production(s) difference 'NOW'."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Kids on the block - White Willow Cricket - Cricket ... New Kids on the block - White Willow Cricket [PAR] New Kids on the block - White Willow Cricket [PAR] Posted by jason mellet on September 24, 2014 [PAR] I often think, \" where will the cricket bat industry be in 50 years from now? \" and so that question led me to work on this series of blogs. My thought is if you want to know where cricket will be, then simply look at who is working in the industry now and how they are influencing cricket bat making. That will give you some idea of what it will be like 50 years from now. [PAR] Some may think that the future looks bleak but I'm here to tell you its not all smoke and mirrors. Yes India and Pakistan will continue to mass produce millions of cricket bats ( and there is a need for that ) with no flair, character or identity BUT there are a few purists who like to do one bat at a time, eat a piece of cake or drink a cup of coffee and then get back into it. Each piece of willow is looked at, examined, weighed, thought about and then put back down for another piece of cake. After discussions with the purchaser of the bat, many pieces of cake and much thought the cricket bat making process begins. [PAR] In this series we will talk closely with people like David Wall @WWBats , Marcus Charman @affinitycricket and Lachlan Dinger @dingbatsports to try and understand what makes them tick, their love for cake and why it is they believe the way they do it is the right way, the only way. [PAR] Part 1 : [PAR] White Willow Cricket [PAR] David Wall is a cricket bat maker that adheres strictly to the age old traditions of quality cricket podshaving. [PAR] The founder of White Willow Cricket started the brand simply to celebrate the craft he loves. As he put it, the industry was not in need of another brand but quality cricket bat making did need a voice and White Willow sought to be the one to bring this great craft, the necessary exposure. [PAR] Selecting the name came about from the original \u201cWielding White Willow Blog\u201d. The blog shed light on the tools and the materials used to make quality cricket bats. White Willow, also known as English willow or Salix Alba Caerulea is the willow used to make the cricket bat and the brand illustrates the quality of the material. [PAR] The creator of White Willow is as genuine as can be. The authenticity and integrity to tradition shines through in his bats. Anyone who appreciates quality hand crafted cricket bats, can see the quality in the bats produced. [PAR] True to his podshaving identity, David wall hopes for the future is that people come to enjoy the identity, quality and affordability of a quality hand crafted cricket bat. While White Willow Cricket has gone through considerable change of late, there are many techniques that the founder ( David Wall ) intend to incorporate and of course to bring across the joy that they have for the bat making process in the cricket bats that are made. [PAR] White Willow Cricket is integrity and tradition all the way. The bats are handmade and hand finished. It is quality pod shaving through and through, fads and trends in bat making come and go, but White Willow Cricket and only a few other great bat making"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mont Blanc First Ascent: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know ... Mont Blanc First Ascent: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know | Heavy.com [PAR] Get Heavy's Top 5 News Stories Every Day [PAR] We will never share your email address. [PAR] Mont Blanc First Ascent: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know [PAR] Published [PAR] Updated 11:52 am EST, August 8, 2015 6 Comments By Laura Amato [PAR] 331 [PAR] (Google) [PAR] On August 8, 1786, two Frenchmen made history. [PAR] Michael Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat became the first people to ascend the summit of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in the Alps and one of the most sought-after climbs in the entire world. Now, 229 years after the pair reached the summit, unofficially sparking modern mountaineering, the accomplishment is being celebrated in the August 8 Google Doodle . [PAR] Here\u2019s what you need to know: [PAR] 1. Frenchmen Michael Gabriel Paccard & Jacques Balmat Were the First to Reach the Top in 1786 [PAR] Nearly 20,000 climbers and tourists climb Mont Blanc annually and the area surrounding the mountain has become a major tourist area for both Italy and France. (Getty) [PAR] After hundreds of failed attempts by dozens of aspiring mountaineers, Frenchmen Michael Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat made history when they became the first people to reach the summit of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in the Alps. The mountain rises 15,711 feet above sea level and is ranked No. 11 in the world in topographic prominence. The pair, who lived in the town at the base of the mountain in Chamonix, ascended the summit on August 8, 1786 , climbing the mountain from the Chamonix valley. [PAR] The accomplishment was, and still is, considered historic and a watershed moment in mountaineering. Eric Shipton, a British Himalayan mountaineer, described the feat, writing in his book Mountain Conquest : [PAR] Theirs was an astounding achievement of courage and determination, one of the greatest in the annals of mountaineering. It was accomplished by men who were not only on unexplored ground but on a route that all the guides believed to be impossible. [PAR] Now, the summit is ascended by an averaged of nearly 20,000 mountaineers and tourists every year. Since the early 21st century, administration of the mountain is shared between the towns of Courmayeur, in Italy, and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, in France. [PAR] Click here to read more [PAR] 2. Horace B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure Had Offered a Financial Reward to Anyone Who Could Complete the Ascent [PAR] In 2011, construction began on \u201cRefuge du Go\u00fbter\u201d at the D\u00f4me du Go\u00fbter on the way to the summit of Mont Blanc. The site is a breaking point for climbers moving up the mountain. (Getty) [PAR] In 1760, the Swiss aristocrat and physicist , considered by many to be the founder of alpinism, first visited Chamonix, offering a reward to the first man who could reach the summit of Mont Blanc. He had previously tried to scale the mountain himself, approaching on the Italian side, making two unsuccessful attempts between 1774 and 1785. [PAR] \u2014 Heathercowper (@Heathercowper) September 7, 2013 [PAR] Saussure is featured as part of a large bronze statue (above), erected in 1887, with Balmat in Chamonix\u2019s main square, prominently leaving Paccard out. The reason? The original ascent of Mont Blanc was grossly misreported immediately after it occurred after Marc-Theodore Bourrit, another Alpine traveler who had failed to find a route to the summit, downgraded the role Paccard played in the historic feat. [PAR] 3. Paccard Later Married Balmat\u2019s Sister [PAR] Paccard and Balmat are"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marco Pierre White | Official Website Marco Pierre White | Official Website [PAR] Contact [PAR] Marco Pierre White [PAR] Welcome to my website, here you will find information on my life, my books, my hotels & restaurants past and present. [PAR] At 24, I became Head Chef and joint owner of Harveys with a kitchen staff that included the young Gordon Ramsay. At 33, I become the youngest chef to be awarded three Michelin stars. [PAR] [PAR] After leaving Allerton High School in Leeds without any qualifications, I decided to train as a chef. I began my training in the kitchen at the Hotel St George in Harrogate, North Yorkshire and later at the Box Tree in Ilkley, West Yorkshire. [PAR] [PAR] During these years I had a team including Gordon Ramsay, Eric Chavot (The Capital), Heston Blumenthal (The Fat Duck), Bryn Williams (Odette's), Matt Tebbutt (The Foxhunter), Robert Reid, Thierry Busset, Jason Atherton, James Stocks and in front of house Max (Mark) Palmer, one of the few English Ma\u00eetre d' of a Michelin 3-star, Claude Douart, Philippe Messy (youngest sommelier to gain 3 Michelin stars) and Chris Jones, unusual in being an English sommelier in a 2-star Michelin French restaurant at the age of 21. [PAR] [PAR] Arriving in London as a 16-year-old with \"\u00a37.36, a box of books and a bag of clothes\" I began my classical training as a commis under Albert Roux and Michel Roux at Le Gavroche, a period that would lead Albert to describe me as \"my little bunny\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones ... People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones - Idioms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones - Idioms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/people+who+live+in+glass+houses+shouldn%27t+throw+stones [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Encyclopedia . [PAR] People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. [PAR] Prov. You should not criticize other people for having the same faults that you yourself have. Jill: Richard sure was drinking a lot at the office party. Jane: I noticed you had quite a few cocktails yourself. People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. [PAR] See also: glass , house , live , people , stone , throw , who [PAR] people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones [PAR] One who is open to criticism should not criticize others, as in It's stupid of Mike to mention his opponent's accepting donations from lobbyists-people who live in glass houses! This proverb is so well known that it is often shortened. [Late 1300s] Also see pot calling the kettle black .[DOC] [TLE] Talk:people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw ... Talk:people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones - Wiktionary [PAR] Talk:people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones [PAR] Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] It appears to me that this explanation of \"People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones\" is incorrect, or at least, ambiguous. That people shouldn't criticize a fault that they share themselves is not given in the 'story', and it suggests that the saying is instruction about hypocrisy, which is supported by the 'see also' association. However, it is my sense that this is also a commonly understood interpretation and use of the saying, leaving this entry hanging between what it means as a story, and what it means as a cliche. [PAR] \"People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones\" is not about hypocrisy but about vulnerability. There is no suggestion of 'the same kind of fault' in the verbal image we are given. To be about hypocrisy it would have to be something like \"People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones at other people's glass houses\" perhaps, or \"People who live in glass houses shouldn't say it's wrong to throw stones, and then do so anyway\". The pot, in this saying, doesn't call the kettle black. [PAR] There are two actual meanings that are possible. One is that you shouldn't start a fight when you are vulnerable, something like \"People with glass jaws shouldn't start fights\". You throw a stone and when your target retaliates, your house instead of protecting you will shatter. The other is that you shouldn't act aggressively in a fragile structure, as in \"People who live in paper houses shouldn't play with matches\". People who live around expensive porcelain antiques shouldn't throw stones, or anything else, for the same reason. In this sense it might apply in a delicate negotiation, when harsh rhetoric could destroy the process. [PAR] The first of those meanings is the only one that is used. The stones that are thrown are presumed by most people to be thrown at someone else, outside of the house, as an attack. And the reason it's such a bad idea is then obvious: retaliation in kind will result in the destruction of your home. You shouldn't attack when you are vulnerable. [PAR] The sense of 'hypocrisy' arises I think because the saying could"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert ounce to ton [short, US] - Conversion of ... Convert ounce to ton [short, US] - Conversion of Measurement Units [PAR] Convert ounce to ton [short, US] - [PAR] Conversion of Measurement Units [PAR] \u203a\u203a Convert ounce to ton [short, US] [PAR] ounce [PAR] \u203a\u203a More information from the unit converter [PAR] How many ounce in 1 ton [short, US]? The answer is 32000. [PAR] We assume you are converting between ounce and ton [short, US]. [PAR] You can view more details on each measurement unit: [PAR] The SI base unit for mass is the kilogram. [PAR] 1 kilogram is equal to 35.2739619496 ounce, or 0.00110231131092 ton [short, US]. [PAR] Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. [PAR] Use this page to learn how to convert between ounces and tons. [PAR] Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units! [PAR] \u203a\u203a Want other units? [PAR] You can do the reverse unit conversion from ton [short, US] to ounce , or enter any two units below: [PAR] Enter two units to convert [PAR] From: [PAR] I'm feeling lucky, show me some random units . [PAR] \u203a\u203a Definition: Ton [PAR] The short ton is a unit of mass equal to 2000 lb (exactly 907.18474 kg). In the United States it is often called simply \"ton\" without distinguishing it from the metric ton (or tonne) and the long ton \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrather, the other two are specifically noted. There are, however, some U.S. applications for which \"tons\", even if unidentified, are usually long tons (e.g., Navy ships) or metric tons (e.g., world grain production figures). [PAR] \u203a\u203a Metric conversions and more [PAR] ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3\", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more![DOC] [TLE] Tons to Ounces - How many ounces in a ton? - Ask Numbers Tons to Ounces - How many ounces in a ton? [PAR] Tons to Ounces Conversion [PAR] How many ounces in a ton? [PAR] Tons to ounces conversion factors are listed below. To find out how many ounces in a ton, multiply by the right conversion factor or simply use the converter below. [PAR] 1 Short Ton [US] = 32 000 Ounces [PAR] 1 Long Ton [UK] = 35 840 Ounces [PAR] 1 Metric Ton = 35 273.9619 Ounces [PAR] Ton is a unit of mass in different measurement systems and usually mistaken with each other. The short ton (also known as net ton) equals to 2000 pounds and used in north america (united states and canada), the long ton (also known as weight or gross ton) is used in imperial system (UK and some of the other english speaking countries) and defined as 2240 pounds or 1016 kilograms and finally the metric ton (also known as tonne) equals to 1000 kilograms and used in metric system. The abbreviation is \"T\". [PAR] Ounce is an imperial and U.S. customary mass unit. It should not be confused with fluid ounces which is a volume measurement unit. The abbreviation is \"oz\". [PAR] For other weight units conversion, please go to Weight Conversion [PAR] Converter [US, Short] [PAR] Enter a short ton value that you want to convert into ounces and click on the \"convert\" button."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US Qwerty and Dvorak Keyboard Layouts - Dusty Neuron US Qwerty and Dvorak Keyboard Layouts [PAR] LP Qwerty Keyboard Layout [PAR] The QWERTY letter arrangement appeared on the first typewriters in the 1870's, and hasn't changed since. Unfortunately it is far from optimal, with more typing done on the top row than home row, and awkward hops between top and bottom rows required for many common English words. [PAR] The FingerWorks QWERTY layout has optimized key column angles for touch typing on ZeroForce surfaces. Why? Because without key edges, straight flexion & extension are simpler, quicker motions for your fingers. [PAR] The QWERTY layout also includes an embedded punctuation pad on the right half. The punctuation pad lets programmers type frequently-needed punctuation symbols without inaccurate pinky reaches. The embedded punctuation symbols are active while the AltGr modifier chord is held by the left hand, just like top row punctuation symbols are active when the Shift modifier chord is held. [PAR] LP Dvorak Keyboard Layout [PAR] The DVORAK key layout was carefully designed by August Dvorak in the 1930's and became an ANSI standard in 1982. All vowels are placed on the left hand home row keys, and the most common consonants ('D','H','T','N','S') lie on the right hand's home row. This way most (70%) typing is done within home row, and finger hops between upper and lower rows of keys are minimized. [PAR] This is a stark contrast to QWERTY, which requires finger hops for common letter sequences like 'EC','EX','CR','CT','CE','BR','BE', and 'UN'. (Compare finger travel to type 'EXCRUCIATING' on QWERTY versus on the DVORAK layout above). [PAR] Typing gurus and academics have long debated how much faster DVORAK is than QWERTY. While DVORAK appears to increase mechanical keyboard speeds only 5-10%, one thing is clear: it greatly (90%) reduces finger motion and travel off home row! This can be very helpful for people whose hand or wrist injuries make repeated finger stretches painful. By eliminating sources of hand drift, DVORAK offers performance advantages that are even more important for zero-force surface typing than for mechanical keyboards. [PAR] What's the catch? If you've already learned touch typing on QWERTY, retraining your brain to type quickly on DVORAK keyboards could take 3 to 6 slow, frustrating weeks. All alphabetic and punctuation keys except 'A' and 'M' move to new positions! The least frequently used keys (e.g. Z X [ ]) and keys that move to the opposite hand seem to take longest to relearn. [PAR] FingerWorks Resellers that stock or specialize in Dvorak keyboards: [PAR] The Dvorak Keyboard by Dylan McNamee [PAR] [PAR] Qwerak Experimental Layout [PAR] Qwerak is an experimental, hybrid layout that FingerWorks is optimizing specifically for surface typing. Because Qwerak is still experimental, you cannot order a TouchStream with Qwerak printed covers. However, if you think learning Dvorak is tame and like the idea of rewiring your brain with something even more eccentric, order a Dvorak and give Qwerak a try by enabling it electronically . Feel free to make your own tweaks to the key placements in the MyGesture Editor 's layout editor. [PAR] As you can see from the image above ( click for full-size printable ), the right half especially is very similar to Dvorak, with a few Qwerty influences on peripheral keys. Here is how Qwerak's surface-typing optimizations differ slightly from Dvorak's objectives for mechanical keyboards: [PAR] Minimize frequency of corner reaches by index and pinky fingers, e.g. move L from pinky to middle finger and Y from index to ring finger. [PAR] Slightly decrease frequency of hand alternation (e.g. swap S and O)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] cruella de vil | Dog Breeds of the World cruella de vil | Dog Breeds of the World [PAR] Posted by markuspretzel in dogs . Tagged: ANFPA , budweiser , croatia , cruella de vil , dalmatian , disney , dog breeds , dogs , family dog , glenn close , goran ivani\u0161evi\u0107 , guard dogs , lady and the tramp , marco polo , o\u017eujsko . 1 comment [PAR] Now, here\u2019s a breed that needs no introduction! As everyone knows, the Dalmatian was popularised in the 1955 animated Disney movie, Lady and the Tramp, and will forever be associated with the actress Glenn Close after she played the wicked Cruella de Vil in the remake. Do you remember her coat? Yes, it was covered in black spots and made from the skins of poor little Dalmatian puppies! She was such an evil character \u2013 probably the most evil character in the history of the cinema. Fortunately, in real life, the Dalmation is a much-loved breed that has been around for a lot longer than fifty years or so: indeed, it is one of the oldest breeds of dog on Earth. [PAR] Like Marco Polo and Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107, the Dalmatian is said to have originally hailed from Croatia. Although the breed is usually characterised by its heavily-spotted black and white coat, a special (and less common) liver-coloured version is also available. Pups are born in litters of six to eight, but without markings (these are added later). Whilst the breed generally enjoys very good health, a genetic predisposition to deafness has been identified. This is actually a good thing, as in the past many Dalmatians were drowned or discarded for being stupid or refusing to follow commands when in fact they simply couldn\u2019t hear anything! (This is a bit like some teenagers, today, when they wear their headphones all day). [PAR] The Dalmatian is very good at sports such as hunting and running and is, on the whole, a kind dog. Dalmatians excel at catching vermin and helping firemen (so much so that the dog is now the official mascot of the American National Fire Protection Association). They are also associated with Budweiser, though they do not drink it themselves as they prefer O\u017eujsko, a native beverage. Dalmatians can live for as long as eighteen years, which is like a human being living to 216 years old! For this reason, they are not recommended for elderly owners. Like the Great Dane , they are also not suitable for people who live in small apartments. [PAR] Top Posts[DOC] [TLE] Cruella de Vil - 101 Dalmatians Wiki - Wikia Cruella de Vil | 101 Dalmatians Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Carlos de Vil (son, in Descendants) [PAR] Dementia de Vil (mother, in \"The Villain Files\") [PAR] Coup de Vil (uncle, in \"The Villain Files\") [PAR] Cruella de Vil is the main antagonist of the 101 Dalmatians franchise, and Anita 's boss. She constantly schemes to steal the Dearly Farm or get richer. In 101 Dalmatians: The Series , she lives next door to Roger and Anita in Villa De Vil. Like her character played by Glenn Glose in the 1996 live action film , she is also owner of the House of DeVil , a fashion house where Anita works. Cruella is Anita's former schoolmate. As a couple of running gags throughout the series, she reminds herself of random things by making memos to herself via a tape recorder, and always calls Roger other names that start with an \"R\". [PAR] Contents [PAR] Dodie Smith Novel [PAR] Cruella"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eboracum - definition of Eboracum by The Free Dictionary Eboracum - definition of Eboracum by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Eboracum - definition of Eboracum by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Eboracum [PAR] (Placename) the Roman name for York 11 [PAR] York [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. a member of the royal house of England that ruled from 1461 to 1485. [PAR] 2. 1st Duke of (Edmund of Langley), 1341\u20131402, progenitor of the house of York (son of Edward III). [PAR] 3. Alvin Cullum (Sergeant), 1887\u20131964, U.S. soldier. [PAR] 5. Ancient, Eboracum. a city in North Yorkshire, in NE England, on the Ouse: the capital of Roman Britain. 104,000. [PAR] 6. a city in SE Pennsylvania: meeting of the Continental Congress 1777\u201378. 44,619. [PAR] 7. an estuary in E Virginia, flowing SE into Chesapeake Bay. 40 mi. (64 km) long. [PAR] 8. Cape, a cape at the NE extremity of Australia."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about List of Doctor Dolittle characters ... Learn and talk about List of Doctor Dolittle characters, Characters in children's literature, Characters in fantasy literature, Doctor Dolittle, Lists of fictional animals by work [PAR] Doctor Dolittle[ edit ] [PAR] Doctor John Dolittle, M.D. is an English doctor who became a doctor for animals after his parrot , Polynesia, taught him to speak animal languages. He lives in the fictional town of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in England's West Country , along with his many animal friends. He has very few human friends and spends most of his time treating animals, travelling the world with his animals and conducting research into new animals and new forms of animal languages. [1] [PAR] Tommy Stubbins[ edit ] [PAR] Tommy Stubbins is a boy from Puddleby who, after taking an injured squirrel to Doctor Dolittle, becomes the doctor's friend and assistant. His father is the doctor's favourite shoemaker. He first appears in The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle and acts as the narrator in all the books that take place after his arrival. [2] [PAR] He was played by William Dix in the 1967 film. [PAR] Matthew Mugg[ edit ] [PAR] Matthew Mugg is the Cat's-meat-man from Puddleby. He is a friend of Doctor Dolittle and helps to take care of the doctor's house and garden when the doctor is away travelling . He is illiterate but practical, and advises Dolittle to become an \"animal doctor\" and learn animal languages. He was played by Anthony Newley in the 1967 film. [PAR] Prince Bumpo[ edit ] [PAR] Prince Bumpo is an African prince from the kingdom of Jolliginki, who has been sent to study at Oxford University by his father, and become a friend of the Doctor's. Bumpo is recognisable by his green umbrella and bare feet - not used to wearing shoes, he usually discards them. Bumpo has been the subject of heavy Bowdlerisation (removal of material deemed offensive, such as racism) in recent years. [PAR] He was originally supposed to appear in the 1967 film intact, but casting problems eventually led to his character being considerably softened and renamed as \"William Shakespeare the Tenth\", played by Geoffrey Holder . [3] [PAR] Colonel Bellowes[ edit ] [PAR] Colonel Bellowes is a snobbish old man in Puddleby who appears briefly in The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle. [PAR] In the 1967 film he became General Bellowes, a retired military commander and a magistrate , played by Peter Bull . [PAR] He loathes any sort of new, unusual, or odd ideas, including veterinary science; he rejects that a veterinarian can talk to animals. He owns several dogs, horses and other animals, all of whom betray their owner when Dolittle queries them at his trial about their owner's excesses of food, drink and female companionship. [PAR] General Bellowes deals harshly with Dolittle, who then flees the country. [PAR] Long Arrow[ edit ] [PAR] Long Arrow is an American Indian, son of Golden Arrow. He is the world's greatest naturalist, specializing in botany and traveling through the mountains of Peru and Spidermonkey Island. He has learned the language of eagles and thus is able to communicate with Dr. Dolittle. He is featured in The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle . [PAR] William Shakespeare the Tenth[ edit ] [PAR] The tribal leader of Sea Star Island, a floating tropical paradise. He and his tribe are well educated in literature and history, and each citizen is able to speak several languages. Parents name their children after their favorite authors, hence his name. He is nicknamed \"Willy\" and was played by Geoffrey Holder"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] sin bin - definition of sin bin in English from the Oxford ... sin bin - definition of sin bin in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of sin bin in English: [PAR] sin bin [PAR] noun [PAR] informal [PAR] 1(in sport) a box or bench to which offending players can be sent for a period as a penalty during a game, especially in ice hockey: [PAR] \u2018his cross-check earned him two minutes in the sin bin\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018The referee, under pressure from the home crowd, sent a Keighley player to sin bin for ten minutes for a very dubious high tackle.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Both clubs had a player sent off to the sin bin within a minute of each other.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018It would be pointless losing player after player to the sin bin.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The Broncos were a man short for the last 20 minutes after losing two players to the sin bin, but made the Bulls fight to the end.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Both sides lost a player to the sin bin just before the interval.\u2019 [PAR] 1.1British A place where offenders are sent for detention, punishment, or rehabilitation: [PAR] \u2018sin bins for disruptive prisoners\u2019 [PAR] \u2018a child removed to a sin bin\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018Well not really, because he then spent his time in the sin bin for a while, and listen, it's tough as an opposition leader.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Any pupil who needs to be told a third time will immediately be shown a red card and forced to spend the equivalent of an entire school day in a sin bin - a classroom set aside for the punishment.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Problem families would be moved to \u2018sin bins\u2019 - secure gated communities patrolled by wardens and CCTV cameras, where they would face curfews and be kept away from the rest of society.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018He could still be sent to the sin bin with time off for good behavior.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018How long will we have to wait before he endorses the Tories idea of \u2018sin bins\u2019 to detain young offenders?\u2019 [PAR] verb [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] amphiuma [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] siren [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] cabbage toad [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] lion toad [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] swamp frog [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] hellbender [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] scalyfoot [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] waterdog [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] taloned toad [PAR] Which of the following is a type of amphibian? [PAR] rabbit salamander [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry[DOC] [TLE] Hockey 101: Defining the Different Types of Penalties Hockey 101: Defining the Different Types of Penalties [PAR] Hockey 101: Defining the Different Types of Penalties [PAR] April 5th, 2014 [PAR] *This is part of our Hockey 101 series geared towards the newer fan that needs a primer on the game. [PAR] During the course of play, it is not uncommon for a player to commit an illegal act. These are known as penalties. The many different penalties will be discussed in other articles. However, the types of penalties that can be called require some in depth explanation of their own. [PAR] (Ross Bonander / THW) [PAR] Delayed Penalties [PAR] When a penalty is committed, one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New \u2018Gotham\u2019 TV Show Image Reveals Alfred Pennyworth New \u2018Gotham\u2019 TV Show Image Reveals Alfred Pennyworth [PAR] New \u2018Gotham\u2019 TV Show Image Reveals Alfred Pennyworth [PAR] Share [PAR] Comment [PAR] Fox\u2019s television series Gotham may have begun its life being touted as a tale of Batman\u2019s hometown before the caped crusader donned his cape and cowl (focusing instead on the life of James Gordon (Ben McKenzie) ), but as the time has passed, the more iconic and well-known characters in DC Comics\u2019 mythology have grabbed a firm hold on the spotlight. [PAR] First it was the likes of Detective Harvey Bullock (Donal Logue) , followed soon after by Selina Kyle a.k.a. Catwoman (Camren Bicondova) , and today the studio has released the first official image of the most important character in Bruce Wayne\u2019s life \u2013 Alfred Pennyworth (Sean Pertwee). [PAR] As one of the most recognizable and established characters in Batman fiction, Pennyworth will once again be taking over the duties of raising the orphaned Bruce Wayne \u2013 played by David Mazouz \u2013 but how this incarnation of the character will differ from previous actors\u2019 takes remains to be seen. As we\u2019ve noted in the past, the adolescent years of Wayne\u2019s life are some of the most unexplored in mainstream Batman films, so the Gotham showrunners have some room to maneuver. [PAR] Check out the official image of Pertwee in the role of Alfred Pennyworth below (click to enlarge): [PAR] The image can be paired with what little is known about Gotham\u2018s Alfred, but hints are already being dropped that this version of the trusted butler may be someone more likely to lend a hand in Bruce Wayne\u2019s training, and vigilante mission: [PAR] Alfred Pennyworth is a tough-as-nails ex-marine from East London who has loyally served the Waynes. Now, in the wake of their tragic deaths, he\u2019s fiercely protective of the young Bruce Wayne. [PAR] Michael Caine\u2019s most recent performance as Pennyworth opposite Christian Bale in The Dark Knight Trilogy will be the most obvious reference for audiences, but Caine\u2019s older, more lighthearted (but sensitive) father figure certainly isn\u2019t the only take on the character deemed canonical. Over the years, Alfred has been portrayed as everything from a world-weary senior to a gifted boxer and physical specimen in his own right, so fans should expect a blend of the two in Gotham, going by the early signs. [PAR] There\u2019s no real reason to characterize Alfred as \u2018tough-as-nails,\u2019 or \u2018fiercely protective\u2019 of young Bruce unless viewers will see those traits in action; adding even more evidence to the notion that Mazouz\u2019s Bruce will play a significant role in the series (and far more than simply \u2018crossing paths\u2019 with Jim Gordon ). [PAR] It should be clear why this new take on Alfred hold particular promise for fans, since the relationship between Bruce Wayne and his trusted friend/butler/partner/surrogate father is generally depicted in one of two ways: both mourning the deaths of Thomas and Martha Wayne, or far in the future as Bruce\u2019s career as Batman (and Alfred\u2019s supporting role) already underway. [PAR] But what of Bruce\u2019s teenage years? Did he rebel? Was it the death of his parents that set him on the path he would walk for the rest of his life, or was it Alfred\u2019s service and protection that nurtured the seed? Questions often overlooked, but perhaps no longer. In essence: was Alfred merely a spectator of Bruce\u2019s life, or a mentor and teacher? [PAR] That\u2019s pure speculation on our part, but a chance to explore an intriguing (but under-utilized) chunk of Bruce Wayne\u2019s formative years \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Metatarsal Bones Definition, Function & Anatomy | Body Maps Metatarsal Bones Definition, Function & Anatomy | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Metatarsals [PAR] Metatarsals are part of the bones of the mid-foot and are tubular in shape. They are named by numbers and start from the medial side outward. The medial side is the same side as the big toe. [PAR] They are called the first metatarsal, second metatarsal, third metatarsal, fourth metatarsal, and the fifth metatarsal. The first metatarsal is the strongest of the group. [PAR] These bones are found between the phalanges of the toes and the tarsal bones. Each bone's base will move with at least one of the tarsal bones where the tarsometatarsal joint is located. The metatarsal bones are connected to the bones of the toe, or phalanges, at the knuckle of the toe, or metatarsophalangeal joint. [PAR] Metatarsals are convex in shape (arch upward), are long bones, and give the foot its arch. They work with connective tissues, ligaments and tendons, to provide movement in the foot. [PAR] These bones can become fractured, strained, or inflamed from misuse or overuse. Immobilization of the foot (e.g. via casting) can help heal metatarsal fractures and sprains."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the characteristics of the Chester White pig ... What are the characteristics of the Chester White pig? | Reference.com [PAR] What are the characteristics of the Chester White pig? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The Cherokee Animal Clinic lists the characteristics of the Chester White pig being solid white hides and droopy ears. Utah Pork Producers goes on to explain that other characteristics of these animals is a high conception rate, large litters and no stress gene. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] One important characteristic of the Chester White pig is that it does not carry the stress gene or halothane gene. This means that they will not die when put under general anesthesia. These pigs are shown to be very fertile. They have a 12 percent higher conception rate than other top-ranked breeds, as well as bigger litters. As far as meat quality is concerned, they are also one of the best pork producers in the country. This breed is not only durable and used in other cross-breeding programs, but they grow at a fast rate, gaining as much as one pound a day for every three pounds of food. However, these pigs need to have access to shade or shelters because their light pigment makes them likely to burn. [PAR] The Chester White breed of pigs was created in the 1800s in Pennsylvania by breading white pigs with a white boar from Bedfordshire, England. The record associations for the breed were consolidated into one body in the late 1800s in order to better promote and develop it.[DOC] [TLE] Breeds Of Pigs - Little Pig Farm Breeds Of Pigs [PAR] Breeds Of Pigs [PAR] You are here: Home / Breeds Of Pigs [PAR] Breeds Of Pigs [PAR] While this index is not 100% complete for all breeds, nor does it contain all the information available for all breeds, it does give you an idea of what you are looking for when you go to purchase a pig. This is where it gets a little tricky. Some highly crossed pigs will resemble a specific breed. It is in your best interest to see both parents before purchasing a pig for breeding. If you are only interested in Barbequeing a pig, it probably doesn\u2019t matter, but you most likely will get inferior meat quality. [PAR] I must emphasize that this article is only to help you identify specific breeds. To some people pork is pork. To others, specific breeds have a unique flavor or meat quality. I have personally had the opportunity to enjoy many of the breeds mentioned below including feral hogs. We have even had calls from folks looking for Pot Belly pigs for consumption, (They are very fat and have a lot of waste) but our Pot Bellies are for pets. [PAR] Do yourself a favor and research the different swine breeds before going out to buy one or more! If you see an ad online, get pictures before you make the trip. Check out the facilities for cleanliness. Be sure to see both parents and siblings if possible. [PAR] Remember, multiple crosses throw off multiple colors even though white is a dominant gene, piglets can range in color in multi-crossed pigs. [PAR] Love your pig, Enjoy your Pork! [PAR] Berkshire [PAR] A little history first. I admit I am partial to the Berkshire [PAR] breed but in all fairness they are the oldest registered breed in the [PAR] world. No really, they are. An excerpt from The American Berkshire Association ; \u201c [PAR] On February 25 of the 1875, the American Berkshire Association"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arrow Fletching FAQ (extract from the blackboard) Arrow Fletching FAQ (extract from the blackboard) [PAR] gt : [PAR] In the Men's recurve division at the W.I.C., of 33 men (of 53)surveyed, 13 used Spin Wing Vanes, 6 used plastic vanes, and 13 used feather fletching. 14 of these 33 surveyed men used A/C/E or X10 shafts, 1 used ACC. Magnus Petersson (1st) used Spin Wing Vanes and X10's with Beiter nocks, Markian Ivashko (2nd) used A/C/E's and plastic vanes with Easton nocks, and Chung Jae Hun (3rd) used X10's and Spin Wings with Easton nocks. [PAR] In the Women's recurve division of all 41 women surveyed, 22 used Spin Wing Vanes, 11 used feathers, 1 used Kurly Vanes (finishing 40th of 41), and 7 used plastic vanes. 20 of the 41 women used A/C/E or X10 shafts. Natalia Valeeva (1st) used plastic vanes on an Easton XX75 shaft with Bjorn nocks, Svitlana Bard (2nd) used plastic vanes on an Easton XX75 shaft with Bjorn nocks, and Agata Bulwa (3rd) used feathers on an Easton X7 shaft with Easton nocks. [PAR] In the compound men's division two of the three medalists (GBR teammates Mynott and Tarplee)used Spin Wing Vanes, the third used plastic vanes (Butts, USA, 1st place). Only 6 men used Spin Wing Vanes. All of the rest used either feathers or plastic vanes. None of the men used Kurly Vanes. [PAR] In the compound women's division two of the three medalists used feathers (Kamuf, USA, 1st, Trenaman, GBR, 3rd), the third used plastic vanes (Palazzini, ITA, 2nd). Three women used Spin Wing Vanes(8th, 12th, 15th) , one used Kurly Vanes (17th). [PAR] To summarize, the Spin Wing Vane was dominant in the Men's recurve and Compound divisions, while the top recurve and compound women used feathers and plastic vanes. [PAR] {Monday, 3 Januari 2000 at 19:33 MET} [PAR] Rick : [PAR] Vane tests. Well guys, here goes: Several years back I ran a ton of tests on vanes, including mylar straight (two thicknesses), spin wings (2 15/16's, 2 3/16's, 2\", 1 3/4\", 1 9/16's) with all types of drag angels. There were two thicknesses at the time (remember the old clear color ones? Those were super thin), AAE's, Flex Fletch, MyroVanes, and K-Vanes (sorry Curly, I don't think you were around at the time). I checked for grouping on calm days, windy days in different directions and days that I was shooting poorly. Anybody can shoot good groups on a good day with virtually anything. It is more important finding what is the most forgiving. Problems to be aware of: clearance is the most critical factor. If your fletch touches anything, then you will not group well. I have always had critical clearance issues, so the K, AAE, Myro and other straight vanes did not group so well. This left me with Spin Wings. I found that the slower the arrow the larger the vane I needed. Guys shooting compounds with 275 fps plus can usually use a smaller vane than the 1 9/16\". A good example of this is to look at the jets. The larger the plane the larger the wing surface. Thus, the Concord has a very small wing design. Now, obviously arrows do not go that fast, but you get the idea of what I am alluding to. [PAR] Another point to realize is the length of the arrow. The shorter the arrow the harder it is to get clearance, thus the height of the vane becomes critical. If you get too high of a vane it touches and causes your arrow to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Books of the Bible: The Old Testament - Hannah's Cupboard Books of the Bible: Old Testament [PAR] Home | Meet The Master | Bible Study | Prayer Closet | Dreams | Daily Devotionals | Spiritual Q&A | Our Ministry [PAR] The Books of the Bible: The Old Testament [PAR] is the collection of books comprising the sacred scripture of the Hebrews and recording their history as the chosen people; the first half of the Christian Bible. After you review a short synopsis of each book, take a look at some INSIGHTS TO SCRIPTURE so you can more than \"know\" - you will start to \"grow\". [PAR] Genesis [PAR] \"Beginnings.\" Takes us from creation through the establishment of the covenant with Abraham, and ends with the death of Joseph in Egypt. [PAR] What's the first indication that God would provide a solution to the sin problem? Read Messiah to find out. [PAR] How did Abraham negotiate for Sodom and Gomorrah? Read Abraham-Master Negotiator to find out. [PAR] Is Evolution really true? Read Evolution Revolution to find out. [PAR] Exodus [PAR] The main story is the deliverance of Israel from the bondage of Egypt, the Ten Commandments, and the establishment of the Tabernacle. [PAR] Leviticus [PAR] The rules of the law relating to every day life lived out in holiness before God. A key word is \"holy\" which appears more than 80 times. [PAR] Does the Bible recommend New Year's resolutions? See Not Your Typical New Year's Resolutions [PAR] Numbers [PAR] Wanderings in the wilderness: the Israelites travel from Mount Sinai to the River Jordan. Contains the famous story of the twelve spies sent into the land of Canaan. (Chapter 13) [PAR] Waiting on God? Character counts! See Character Study: Moses - Humility [PAR] Deuteronomy [PAR] Deuteronomy is the \"second reading\" of the law by Moses as a reminder to the people of their special covenant with God in preparation of entering the Promised Land. [PAR] Note: The first five books of the Bible are called the Pentateuch, meaning \"five scrolls\". Because of their unity, they are more like five sections of one book and can be viewed as a whole. [PAR] Top [PAR] Joshua [PAR] Joshua takes over leadership of the people; they enter the land of Canaan and begin to take possession of their inheritance. Contains the fall of Jericho and the beautiful story of Rahab the prostitute who becomes part of the lineage of Christ. (Chapter 2) [PAR] What you speak matters. Read more in What Did You Say? [PAR] Judges [PAR] The time in which Israel is ruled by Judges. There is a constant cycle of disobedience to God, oppression by an enemy, a turning back to God and then deliverance. Famous last line of the book is \"In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes.\" (Note: Kind of reminds you of today doesn't it?) [PAR] How does your courage compare? See in Deborah - God's Iron Lady [PAR] Should we test God? Read more in Gideon - Testing God [PAR] Ruth [PAR] Set during the time of Judges, Ruth exemplifies loyalty and courage in contrast to the nation's constant rebellion. Only four chapters long but power packed and still a best loved book. Boaz is seen as a type of Christ in this book as the \"Kinsman redeemer.\" Famous line: \"For wherever you go, I will go: and wherever you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God, my God.\" [PAR] If you long for God's restoration read Call Me"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Desert Orchid 1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup - YouTube Desert Orchid 1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup - YouTube [PAR] Desert Orchid 1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 10, 2008 [PAR] Desert Orchid 1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Other Sport... | Horse Racing | Racing legend ... BBC SPORT | Other Sport... | Horse Racing | Racing legend Desert Orchid dies [PAR] Racing legend Desert Orchid dies [PAR] Desert Orchid won over \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd650,000 in prize money in his career [PAR] Legendary racehorse Desert Orchid has died at the age of 27. [PAR] The gallant grey achieved iconic status within National Hunt racing, where he was much loved by supporters for his iron will and extreme versatility. [PAR] He won 34 races in total, including the Cheltenham Gold Cup and seven at his beloved Kempton, where he won the King George VI Chase a record four times. [PAR] Former trainer David Elsworth said the horse, nicknamed \"Dessie\", died peacefully in his stable on Monday."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Some Like It Hot (1959) - Quotes - IMDb Some Like It Hot (1959) - Quotes - IMDb [PAR] Some Like It Hot (1959) [PAR] Showing all 69 items [PAR] [last lines] [PAR] Jerry : Oh no you don't! Osgood, I'm gonna level with you. We can't get married at all. [PAR] Jerry : I smoke! I smoke all the time! [PAR] Osgood : I don't care. [PAR] Jerry : Well, I have a terrible past. For three years now, I've been living with a saxophone player. [PAR] Osgood : I forgive you. [PAR] Jerry : [tragically] I can never have children! [PAR] Osgood : We can adopt some. [PAR] Jerry : But you don't understand, Osgood! Ohh... [PAR] [Jerry finally gives up and pulls off his wig] [PAR] Jerry : [normal voice] I'm a man! [PAR] Osgood : [shrugs] Well, nobody's perfect! [PAR] [Jerry looks on with disbelief as Osgood continues smiling with indifference. Fade out] [PAR] Junior : Syncopators. Does that mean you play that very fast music... jazz? [PAR] Sugar : Yeah. Real Hot. [PAR] Osgood : I am Osgood Fielding the third. [PAR] Daphne : I'm Cinderella the second. [PAR] [at the booking office, trying to be hired] [PAR] Joe : What kind of a band is this, anyway? [PAR] Sig Poliakoff : You gotta be under twenty-five. [PAR] Jerry : We could pass for that. [PAR] Sig Poliakoff : You gotta be blonde. [PAR] Jerry : We could dye our hair. [PAR] Sig Poliakoff : And you gotta be girls. [PAR] Joe : [trying to get Jerry to face reality regarding his engagement to Osgood] Jerry, Jerry, will you take my advice? Forget about the whole thing, will ya? Just keep telling yourself: you're a boy, you're a boy. [PAR] Jerry : I'm a boy. [PAR] Joe : That's the boy. [PAR] Jerry : [coming around] I'm a boy. I'm a boy. I wish I were dead. I'm a boy. Boy, oh boy, am I a boy. Now, what am I gonna do about my engagement present? [PAR] Joe : What engagement present? [PAR] Jerry : Osgood gave me a bracelet. [PAR] Joe : [takes it and inspects the stones with Beinstock's glasses] Hey, these are real diamonds! [PAR] Jerry : Of course they're real! What do you think? My fiance is a bum?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bocconi University - Cornell College of Human Ecology Bocconi University [PAR] Bocconi University [PAR] CHE > Academics > Undergraduate > Exchange Programs > Bocconi University [PAR] About the University [PAR] Universit\u00e0 Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, founded in 1902, was the first Italian university to grant a degree in economics. Today, Bocconi is a research university of international standing in business, economics, and law. The university is considered to be among the top 10 business schools in Europe according to the 2013 Financial Time's European Business School Rankings. Bocconi has close relations with major corporations and international agencies, as well as their managers and officials, and constantly interacts with the business and economic environment to assess new issues, implement new techniques, and start new research endeavors. [PAR] Bocconi University is a city campus, an integral part of urban life and just five minutes away from the city center via public transport. [PAR] The Bocconi campus expresses, in terms of architecture and urban planning, the University's cultural vision, marked by innovation and avant-garde thinking. Each campus building is the work of an important architect and is intended to be an integral part of the city's fabric. [PAR] About the Exchange Program [PAR] Undergraduate students enrolled in Human Ecology may spend one semester, and in some cases, up to a year, studying at Bocconi University, or Universit\u00e0 Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, in Milan, Italy. [PAR] By virtue of being a major node in the European and global network of business and economics universities, Bocconi exchanges faculty and cooperates on large projects with like-minded European and American universities and business schools. [PAR] Boconni receives exchange students from partners at 220 universities in 50 countries on all 5 continents. [PAR] Milan is one of the EU's and the world's major financial and business centers. It is known as the economic and production capital of Italy and the leading Italian hub for services, finance and industry. Milan is the engine of the country's economy and home of the Italian stock exchange. This cosmopolitan, modern and forward-looking city is world-renowned as a European capital of fashion, design, architecture, publishing, modern art and music. Milan hosts 11% of Italy's university students, and is filled with landmarks, museums, and theatres. [PAR] Courses [PAR] English and Italian [PAR] The Undergraduate School coordinates and supervises 7 three-year Bachelor programs, three of which are held entirely in English: Bachelor of International Economics and Management, Bachelor of International Economics and Finance and Bachelor of International Politics and Government) and the World Bachelor in Business, a four-year Bachelor program in English. PAM students and FSAD students who are pursuing a Fashion Design Management option will find many relevant course options. The following Departments offer courses in English. [PAR] Department of Accounting[DOC] [TLE] Bocconi University | Office for Study Abroad | The George ... Bocconi University | Office for Study Abroad | The George Washington University [PAR] Public Administration and Int'l Institutions Management [PAR] Econ. and Management of Arts, Culture and Communication [PAR] Economic and Social Sciences [PAR] Economics of International Markets and New Technologies [PAR] Students are not required to know Italian and do not take an Italian language course during the semester. However, students have the opportunity to take an Intensive Italian Language course before the semester starts. [PAR] The Bocconi University credit system is ECTS equivalent, meaning that 6 Bocconi credits equals 3 US credits. Accordingly, GW students are required to take a minimum of 4 courses at Bocconi University for a minimum of 12 US credits. Students must receive a grade of 21 or higher in order to receive GW credit."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] semaphore - definition of semaphore in English from the ... semaphore - definition of semaphore in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of semaphore in English: [PAR] semaphore [PAR] noun [PAR] 1[mass noun] A system of sending messages by holding the arms or two flags or poles in certain positions according to an alphabetic code: [PAR] \u2018if you learn semaphore or the Morse code, you'll have a fun way to send messages\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018It blinked in binary and semaphore, and clattered in Morse code.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018They rely on team-mates at the other end to direct them, using highly untechnical language plus a kind of bowling semaphore for the hard-of-hearing.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Use of semaphore flags was limited to within range of telescopes in earlier days and binoculars today.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Devices like this were not some kind of semaphore code, but simple, effective images that we could easily respond to.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Rochlitz doesn't know what to do with the chorus, who strut in formation and communicate in semaphore, though he is insightful when it comes to the principals.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Theft of the enemy's semaphore codebooks became an important part of the business of war.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018You can operate an optical telegraph as used in the Napoleonic wars, crank up second world war field telephones and learn to read Morse and semaphore.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018This was thanks largely to what the East Germans called \u2018stepped steering\u2019, which appeared to communicate direction to the wheels by some sort of vague semaphore system.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Mobile phone users had no greater incidence of cancer of the brain than did people who communicated by only using semaphore flags or pushing notes in forked sticks carried by native runners.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018She can calculate the location of a missing ice cream man from hints in photographs, she can build an action figure replica of her father from scratch, and she can use semaphore to pass messages between two feuding brothers.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The development of spin off technologies, such as the telegraph and semaphore flags, linked Civil War commanders on the first information net.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Possession of these books allowed British ships or personnel placed ashore to read the signals being relayed by the semaphore stations, which frequently included operational tasking to French fleet units.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018I have stood on the shed and waved my arms about the place making ham-fisted attempts at semaphore.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Chappe moved to a secure semaphore system (the Chappe code assigns numbers to flag positions; the meaning of these numbers is known only to those in charge).\u2019 [PAR] \u2018They will also be resurrecting the old semaphore in the grounds of Fort Selwyn in a daily demonstration to honour the Chappe brothers, who caused a sensation with the first commercial semaphore system near Paris.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Throwing the balls out to the players, they hold their hands in the air like a secret sporting semaphore.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The varied orientations of tiny fold patterns in the smallest grid boxes recall semaphore flags or suggest LED elements in a Times Square news zipper - except never in a hue as garish as red.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Mr Emergency finally arrives after frantic hand signals from me from afar whilst still talking to him on the mobile. Good job he didn't understand semaphore.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Getting changed after swimming (it's got easier again, but I still must look like someone doing semaphore underwater), and a dad comes in with his two children - who are both girls.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The signalling system is being upgraded from the mechanical semaphore system to a modern computerised one.\u2019 [PAR] 1.1[count noun] An"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] West Side Story (1961) - IMDb West Side Story (1961) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two youngsters from rival New York City gangs fall in love, but tensions between their respective friends build toward tragedy. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 20 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 images [PAR] created 06 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 03 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] Title: West Side Story (1961) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 10 Oscars. Another 18 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. [PAR] Director: Rob Marshall [PAR] Three friends struggle to find work in Paris. Things become more complicated when two of them fall in love with the same woman. [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] A young Shakespeare, out of ideas and short of cash, meets his ideal woman and is inspired to write one of his most famous plays. [PAR] Director: John Madden [PAR] An old Jewish woman and her African-American chauffeur in the American South have a relationship that grows and improves over the years. [PAR] Director: Bruce Beresford [PAR] A naive hustler travels from Texas to New York to seek personal fortune but, in the process, finds himself a new friend. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] A female girlie club entertainer in Weimar Republic era Berlin romances two men while the Nazi Party rises to power around them. [PAR] Director: Bob Fosse [PAR] A silent film production company and cast make a difficult transition to sound. [PAR] Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly [PAR] Stars: Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Debbie Reynolds [PAR] Weary of the conventions of Parisian society, a rich playboy and a youthful courtesan-in-training enjoy a platonic friendship, but it may not stay platonic for long. [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] In 20th-century colonial Kenya, a Danish baroness/plantation owner has a passionate love affair with a free-spirited big-game hunter. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] A silent movie star meets a young dancer, but the arrival of talking pictures sends their careers in opposite directions. [PAR] Director: Michel Hazanavicius [PAR] Ted Kramer's wife leaves her husband, allowing for a lost bond to be rediscovered between Ted and his son, Billy. But a heated custody battle ensues over the divorced couple's son, deepening the wounds left by the separation. [PAR] Director: Robert Benton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] West Side Story is the award-winning adaptation of the classic romantic tragedy, \"Romeo and Juliet\". The feuding families become two warring New York City gangs- the white Jets led by Riff and the Puerto Rican Sharks, led by Bernardo. Their hatred escalates to a point where neither can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yahoo Sports | Sports News, Scores, Fantasy Games Yahoo Sports | Sports News, Scores, Fantasy Games [PAR] Chicago Cubs President Theo Epstein shares his 20% rule for getting ahead in your career [PAR] Theo Epstein, president of baseball operations for the Chicago Cubs, became one of the most important people in Major League Baseball by following a rule that fast-tracked his career. It set him up to achieve what many thought was impossible, a resurrection of the Chicago Cubs. After 108 years, the team won the World Series again in 2016. \"Whoever your boss is, or your bosses are, they have 20 percent of their job that they just don't like,\" Epstein tells David Axelrod on his podcast, \"The Axe Files.\" \"So if you can ask them or figure out what that 20 percent is, and figure out a way to do it for them, you'll make them really happy, improve their quality of life and their work experience.\" In [PAR] Sports [PAR] College basketball Power Rankings, Jan. 19: North Carolina into the top 5 [PAR] Saturday\u2019s top 10 clash between North Carolina and Florida State told us a lot about both teams, and almost all of it was positive. As Creighton coach Greg McDermott said at a Wednesday press conference that was both reflective and upbeat, nobody died. The fact that McDermott had to give that reminder[DOC] [TLE] Korac cup 2016 scores, Basketball Serbia - FlashScore Korac cup 2016 scores, Basketball Serbia - FlashScore [PAR] Show more matches [PAR] results [PAR] SA\u00f73\u00ac~ZA\u00f7SERBIA: Korac cup\u00acZEE\u00f7fqfusgXM\u00acZB\u00f7167\u00acZY\u00f7Serbia\u00acZC\u00f7rJOC7WeU\u00acZD\u00f7p\u00acZE\u00f7lKeR7E8k\u00acZF\u00f70\u00acZO\u00f70\u00acZG\u00f72\u00acZH\u00f7167_fqfusgXM\u00acZJ\u00f72\u00acZL\u00f7/basketball/serbia/korac-cup/\u00acZX\u00f702Serbia 006Serbia0020000000153000Korac cup 009ac cup000\u00acZCC\u00f70\u00ac~AA\u00f7jNYDZtG6\u00acAD\u00f71456084800\u00acAB\u00f73\u00acCR\u00f73\u00acAC\u00f73\u00acCX\u00f7Mega Leks\u00acER\u00f7Final\u00acAX\u00f70\u00acBX\u00f7-1\u00acWM\u00f7MEG\u00acAE\u00f7Mega Leks\u00acWU\u00f7kk-mega-leks\u00acAS\u00f71\u00acAZ\u00f71\u00acBY\u00f72\u00acAG\u00f785\u00acBA\u00f724\u00acBC\u00f722\u00acBE\u00f720\u00acBG\u00f719\u00acWN\u00f7PAR\u00acAF\u00f7Partizan\u00acWV\u00f7partizan\u00acAH\u00f780\u00acBB\u00f723\u00acBD\u00f725\u00acBF\u00f716\u00acBH\u00f716\u00acAN\u00f7n\u00ac~AA\u00f7pYonfpMG\u00acAD\u00f71455998400\u00acAB\u00f73\u00acCR\u00f73\u00acAC\u00f73\u00acCX\u00f7Crvena zvezda mts\u00acER\u00f7Semi-finals\u00acAX\u00f70\u00acBX\u00f7-1\u00acWM\u00f7CRV\u00acAE\u00f7Crvena zvezda mts\u00acWU\u00f7crvena-zvezda-mts\u00acAG\u00f760\u00acBA\u00f713\u00acBC\u00f712\u00acBE\u00f714\u00acBG\u00f721\u00acWN\u00f7PAR\u00acAF\u00f7Partizan\u00acWV\u00f7partizan\u00acAS\u00f72\u00acAZ\u00f72\u00acBZ\u00f71\u00acAH\u00f768\u00acBB\u00f717\u00acBD\u00f716\u00acBF\u00f719\u00acBH\u00f716\u00acAN\u00f7n\u00ac~AA\u00f7KEAQmTtf\u00acAD\u00f71455984000\u00acAB\u00f73\u00acCR\u00f73\u00acAC\u00f73\u00acCX\u00f7Mega Leks\u00acER\u00f7Semi-finals\u00acAX\u00f70\u00acBX\u00f7-1\u00acWM\u00f7MEG\u00acAE\u00f7Mega Leks\u00acWU\u00f7kk-mega-leks\u00acAS\u00f71\u00acAZ\u00f71\u00acBY\u00f71\u00acAG\u00f797\u00acBA\u00f722\u00acBC\u00f725\u00acBE\u00f734\u00acBG\u00f716\u00acWN\u00f7MET\u00acAF\u00f7KK Metalac\u00acWV\u00f7kk-metalac\u00acAH\u00f786\u00acBB\u00f720\u00acBD\u00f716\u00acBF\u00f724\u00acBH\u00f726\u00acAN\u00f7n\u00ac~AA\u00f7OABbnSrH\u00acAD\u00f71455912000\u00acAB\u00f73\u00acCR\u00f73\u00acAC\u00f73\u00acCX\u00f7Crvena zvezda mts\u00acER\u00f7Quarter-finals\u00acAX\u00f70\u00acBX\u00f7-1\u00acWN\u00f7SME\u00acAF\u00f7Smederevo\u00acWV\u00f7smederevo\u00acAH\u00f744\u00acBB\u00f712\u00acBD\u00f712\u00acBF\u00f711\u00acBH\u00f79\u00acWM\u00f7CRV\u00acAE\u00f7Crvena zvezda mts\u00acWU\u00f7crvena-zvezda-mts\u00acAS\u00f71\u00acAZ\u00f71\u00acBY\u00f71\u00acAG\u00f789\u00acBA\u00f730\u00acBC\u00f717\u00acBE\u00f714\u00acBG\u00f728\u00acAN\u00f7n\u00ac~AA\u00f7A77fm8TA\u00acAD\u00f71455901200\u00acAB\u00f73\u00acCR\u00f73\u00acAC\u00f710\u00acCX\u00f7KK Metalac\u00acER\u00f7Quarter-finals\u00acAX\u00f70\u00acBX\u00f7-1\u00acWM\u00f7MET\u00acAE\u00f7KK Metalac\u00acWU\u00f7kk-metalac\u00acAS\u00f71\u00acAZ\u00f70\u00acBY\u00f71\u00acAG\u00f796\u00acAT\u00f784\u00acBI\u00f712\u00acBA\u00f719\u00acBC\u00f721\u00acBE\u00f722\u00acBG\u00f722\u00acWN\u00f7BOR\u00acAF\u00f7Borac\u00acWV\u00f7borac\u00acAZ\u00f70\u00acAH\u00f786\u00acAU\u00f784\u00acBJ\u00f72\u00acBB\u00f726\u00acBD\u00f714\u00acBF\u00f728\u00acBH\u00f716\u00acAN\u00f7n\u00ac~AA\u00f76Z03onbN\u00acAD\u00f71455825600\u00acAB\u00f73\u00acCR\u00f73\u00acAC\u00f73\u00acCX\u00f7Partizan\u00acER\u00f7Quarter-finals\u00acAX\u00f70\u00acBX\u00f7-1\u00acWM\u00f7PAR\u00acAE\u00f7Partizan\u00acWU\u00f7partizan\u00acAS\u00f71\u00acAZ\u00f71\u00acBY\u00f71\u00acAG\u00f785\u00acBA\u00f724\u00acBC\u00f725\u00acBE\u00f718\u00acBG\u00f718\u00acWN\u00f7BEO\u00acAF\u00f7FMP Beograd\u00acWV\u00f7fmp-beograd\u00acAH\u00f783\u00acBB\u00f721\u00acBD\u00f719\u00acBF\u00f717\u00acBH\u00f726\u00acAN\u00f7n\u00ac~AA\u00f7Gp8jllE4\u00acAD\u00f71455811200\u00acAB\u00f73\u00acCR\u00f73\u00acAC\u00f73\u00acCX\u00f7Konstantin\u00acER\u00f7Quarter-finals\u00acAX\u00f70\u00acBX\u00f7-1\u00acWN\u00f7MEG\u00acAF\u00f7Mega Leks\u00acWV\u00f7kk-mega-leks\u00acAS\u00f72\u00acAZ\u00f72\u00acBZ\u00f71\u00acAH\u00f778\u00acBB\u00f713\u00acBD\u00f722\u00acBF\u00f724\u00acBH\u00f719\u00acWM\u00f7KON\u00acAE\u00f7Konstantin\u00acWU\u00f7kk-konstantin\u00acAG\u00f761\u00acBA\u00f717\u00acBC\u00f715\u00acBE\u00f720\u00acBG\u00f79\u00acAN\u00f7n\u00ac~ [PAR] 3"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Destrier The War Horse - Medieval Chronicles Destrier The War Horse [PAR] 9 Destrier The War Horse Summary [PAR] The name \u201cDestrier\u201d comes from a Latin word which means \u201cright-sided\u201d. Different researchers have variously interpreted this. Some are of the view that the knights who jousted or fought on top of a Destrier were usually right-handed, so the horses were given a name which meant this accordingly. [PAR] A different view makes more sense which holds that Destrier horses were probably trained to lead with their right foot in charging during wars and tournaments, and this specific aspect of the horse\u2019s gait was referred to in its name. Some sources state that the Destrier was so-named because a knight\u2019s squire led the horse with his right hand. [PAR] Destrier The War Horse Characteristics [PAR] A Destrier horse was usually a type of horse who had been trained in a specific manner. Such superior trained horses were usually taken from a certain set of horse breeds but Destrier in itself didn\u2019t mean any specific breed. [PAR] A destrier was trained from the earliest days of his life and were highly preferred in all matters related to combat. A Destrier could easily sprint, stop, turn around and make other movements as required by the rider with perfect ease and speed. Because of their training, Destrier horses had strong hind-legs, letting them shift their weight and make rapid movements easily. [PAR] Traditional Qualities of a Destrier [PAR] A number of extant sources from the medieval ages elaborate on the specific features which made a Destrier so desirable. These sources define a good Destrier to have a strong bone but a brief back, a neck which rose and arched elegantly, and a strong loin. [PAR] Moreover, a Destrier had a strong jaw and a broad face so that there was a goodly width of space between the eyes. Many breeds of horses had such traits but the particular training of a Destrier honed and harnessed these traits, making them perfectly suited for combat and tourneys. [PAR] Given its specific set of skills in being agile, strong and swift, a Destrier horse was highly preferred in battles and tournaments [PAR] Destrier as the Battle Horse [PAR] Given its specific set of skills in being agile, strong and swift, a Destrier horse was highly preferred in battles and tournaments. For other horse-related tasks such as carriage riding, bag lifting and practice riding, other types of horses were typically used. [PAR] Destriers were reserved specifically for tournaments and battles. This allowed the trainers to spend a lot of time with Destriers, perfecting them for combat situations. At the other hand, this allowed the Destrier horses to avoid menial tasks and be perfectly fit and strong for use when the occasion arose. [PAR] Size of a Destrier War Horse [PAR] Medieval sources offer many exaggerated accounts of the overall size of a typical Destrier horse. Recent researchers and archaeological evidence provides definite data on this front. According to recent researches, war horses such as Destriers probably ranged from 14 to 15 hands in height. [PAR] Drawing from the proof of medieval horse armours, other researches have confirmed this, further elaborating that at a maximum, the height of a Destrier probably rose to 16 hands. The size of a Destrier, then, was not unusual compared to a regular riding horses, and the Destrier stood apart only on account of its agility, strength and intelligence. [PAR] Price of a Destrier War Horse [PAR] The price details regarding a typical Destrier horse, as provided in different medieval sources, are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stanzas - Couplet, Tercet And Quatrain, Poetic Techniques Stanzas - Couplet, Tercet And Quatrain, Poetic Techniques [PAR] by Tynea Lewis more by Tynea Lewis [PAR] Published on February 2014 [PAR] Just like other forms of writing, poetry needs to be organized. Stanzas provide a structure for that organization. Each stanza is made up of a varying number of lines, just like paragraphs are made up of sentences. Each line can be a phrase or complete sentence, depending on the format of the poem. When put together in a stanza, these lines convey a larger idea. Many poets use one of these common formats to create stanzas. Certain types of poems also use a combination of them. [PAR] Couplet [PAR] A couplet is a set of two lines that usually rhyme. One More \u00a9 Maranda G. Brice When the sunny skies turn from blue to gray, I can't help but wonder just what you would say? I wonder if you know how many lives you have touched, Do you know that people here love you so much? Can you even know how many dreams you made come true, Or if you can hear the voices saying I love you? Do you know how many lives you have changed, And how many lives you completely rearranged? I wish I could have just one more year, Because I can't picture the rest of my life without you here. Just another chance to spend the night, and share a laugh, Another day of school with you is what I'd like to have. Do you know you'll be greatly missed by us all? Just one more time I want to hear you're voice when I call. Just one more laugh, one more time to see you walk through the door Another smile, another story, another hug, another day...Just one more. Examples of poems with couplets: You Were Inside Me If Only I Knew Inside Out Lost In The Past Make It Green Childhood Why Play At Being Real? All Good Things Come To An End Brothers [PAR] Tercet [PAR] A tercet is a set of three lines that may or may not rhyme. A Minute \u00a9 Patricia A. Gordon Every one young or old Needs someone to listen As their stories are told The difference is yours to make A minute from your busy day Is all it would take Take a minute and lend an ear Listen intently To what you hear Take a minute and you will see Just how powerful Listening can be Take a minute to offer a smile and a touch You sincerity Means so much Take a minute and simply be kind A friend for life May be what you find. Examples of poems with tercets: Remember In Time [PAR] Quatrain [PAR] A quatrain is a set of four lines that may or may not rhyme. The Butterfly \u00a9 Andres Diaz With a symphony of colors Spread on her wings, She strolls in the garden With a light footprint. She smile to the flowers, She flew by the pond, And freshen her breath By kissing the rose. Examples of poems with quatrains: Never Stop Being You I Wish I Wasn't Alone Life Without You How Can I Forget? Love's Frist Words Mask"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Review: William Pitt the Younger by William Hague | Books ... Review: William Pitt the Younger by William Hague | Books | The Guardian [PAR] William Pitt the Younger: A Biography [PAR] by William Hague [PAR] 688pp, HarperCollins, \u00a325 [PAR] From the middle of the 18th century until the beginning of the next, one family, father and son, bestrode the political scene in Britain; both men were called William Pitt: Pitt the elder and Pitt the younger. Both were long-serving prime ministers, both guided Great Britain through the critical transition from a small maritime country to being the predominant industrial and trading power in the world. [PAR] Pitt the elder was a model and mentor for his second son. Himself a hero of his country, prime minister during 1759 (the year of great victories against the French in the Seven Years' war), the elder Pitt somehow found time to educate and train the boy to a commitment to public service and a love of the classics. The young Pitt, at the age of 14, could translate Thucydides on sight into English. It was not surprising that Cambridge University allowed him to enter as an undergraduate in that same year. [PAR] William Pitt the younger is the subject of a weighty and scholarly biography by William Hague, former leader of the Conservative party. The empathy, indeed the identification of subject with author, is remarkable. Hague shared with the younger Pitt a prodigious childhood, recognition as one of the best orators of his generation, and a remarkably early accession to leadership of his party. True, Pitt the younger became prime minister at the age of 24, Hague leader of the opposition at the ripe old age of 36. But given the much longer expectation of life now compared to 1783, both men became political leaders at the same stage in their lives. [PAR] In a revealing interview in the Sunday Telegraph of August 29 2004, Hague, recounting the amazing achievements of the young Pitt, told his interviewer, Nigel Farndale, that he had been born 200 years too late, in 1961 instead of 1761. He also indicated an ambivalent attitude towards returning to front-line politics, though he is still younger than most MPs, let alone most ministers. Both men were bred for politics, and both were immensely gifted. Why does Hague no longer feel the hunger for high office that characterised the whole of Pitt's life, starting with his audacious refusal of any job other than the top one? Aged 22, Pitt informed his parliamentary colleagues: \"I never would accept a subordinate position.\" [PAR] British 18th-century politics were all about the relationship between parliament and the monarch, and the gradual evolution of the radical concept of a constitutional monarchy. That concept in turn took its inspiration from the glorious revolution of 1688, when parliament brought to an end the long Stuart dynasty, by inviting the Dutch king, William of Orange and his wife Queen Mary, daughter of James II, to accede to the throne. In doing so, parliament wisely imposed a series of conditions that limited the powers of the monarch. He or she had to get parliament's approval for supply, the voting of money. The king or queen could appoint an administration, but that administration had to win the support of a majority in parliament. Catholics, whose popish plots made them the al-Qaida ogres of the time, were excluded from most senior offices, and absolutely from any possibility of succession to the throne. [PAR] Important as the monarch remained, parliament was the hub of domestic politics. Party discipline was weak;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About the Children's Laureate | Children's Laureate About the Children's Laureate | Children's Laureate [PAR] About the Children's Laureate [PAR] Who is the current Waterstones Children's Laureate? [PAR] Chris Riddell is the current Children's Laureate. [PAR] [PAR] What is the Waterstones Children's Laureate? [PAR] The role of Children's Laureate is awarded once every two years to an eminent writer or illustrator of children's books to celebrate outstanding achievement in their field. [PAR] [PAR] The Children's Laureate receives a bursary of \u00a315,000 and a specially designed and inscribed silver medal . [PAR] [PAR] Where did the idea come from? [PAR] The idea for the Children's Laureate originated from a conversation between (the then) Poet Laureate Ted Hughes and children's writer Michael Morpurgo. They considered it an appropriate and timely way to combine the celebration of excellence in writing and illustration for children with honouring individuals who have made a significant and lasting contribution to the world of children\u2019s books. [PAR] [PAR] Quentin Blake was the first Children's Laureate (1999-2001), followed by Anne Fine (2001-2003), Michael Morpurgo (2003-2005), Jacqueline Wilson (2005-2007), Michael Rosen (2007-2009), Anthony Browne (2009-2011), Julia Donaldson (2011-2013), Malorie Blackman (2013-2015) and Chris Riddell (2015-2017). [PAR] [PAR] Each Children\u2019s Laureate has taken the opportunity to promote particular aspects of children\u2019s books. These have included visual literacy, readers with disabilities, poetry, storytelling, illustration, drama, writing for young adults and more. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] What area does the Laureate cover? [PAR] The role of Children's Laureate covers the UK: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Wales also has its own Young People\u2019s Laureate and Bardd Plant Cymru (Welsh Children\u2019s Poet Laureate) [PAR] [PAR] For information about the Irish Children's Laureate, visit the Laureate na n\u00d3g website . [PAR] [PAR] Who selects the Waterstones Children's Laureate? [PAR] The selection panel consider nominations from a range of organisations representing librarians, critics, writers, literature development workers and booksellers, including the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY). They also look at suggestions from children, who are able to put forward their ideas for who should be the next Children's Laureate through this website. [PAR] [PAR] The selection panel for 2015-2017 were the Children\u2019s Laureate Steering Group, joined by [PAR] [PAR] Melissa Cox \u2013 head of books, Waterstones [PAR] Matthew Burton \u2013 assistant head, Thornhill Community Academy [PAR] [PAR] What are the criteria for selecting the Children's Laureate? [PAR] The selection process takes into account the following criteria: [PAR] [PAR] exceptional talent in writing or illustration [PAR] contribution to creating the next generation of readers, writers and illustrators [PAR] excellence developed through an eagerness to explore and experiment with ideas, genres and the possibilities of their craft [PAR] substantial publishing record [PAR] significant profile in the industry and amongst their peers [PAR] interest in raising the profile of books for children, and for their writers and illustrators [PAR] [PAR] Who runs the Waterstones Children's Laureate? [PAR] The Children's Laureate is managed by BookTrust, who support the Laureate, organise the four official Children's Laureate events per year, raise funds and run the official website. BookTrust work with Riot Communications on the Children's Laureate's press and PR. [PAR] [PAR] Book Trust work closely with the Children's Laureate steering committee, made up of representatives of the children's book world, who provide a range of expertise and guidance with which to support the Children's Laureate's work. [PAR] The current steering committee comprises: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] How can I invite the Children's Laureate to visit my school, library or festival? [PAR] If you would like to invite Chris Riddell to visit you for an event at a school,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] meaning - Where did the word 'golliwog' come from ... meaning - Where did the word 'golliwog' come from? - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange [PAR] Where did the word 'golliwog' come from? [PAR] up vote 3 down vote favorite [PAR] 1 [PAR] I am aware that the term is considered offensive. And I know that it refers to soft faced black dolls. But before that character was introduced, did 'golliwog' have meaning? I mean was it made up, or was it coined from other words? I am not really sure I made myself clear. [PAR] 1 [PAR] [PAR] Interestingly, the word \"wog\" may have derived from \"golliwog,\" according to dictionary.reference.com/browse/wog?s=t . Chiefly British Slang, wog is a disparaging and offensive term for a nonwhite, especially a dark-skinned native of the Middle East or Southeast Asia. Randy Newman used the word to ironic effect in his song \"Sail Away,\" a song about the slave trade from the point of view of a slavetrader: \". . . climb aboard, little wog, sail away with me. Sail away, sail away, we will cross the mighty ocean into Charleston Bay.\" \u2013 rhetorician Jun 28 '13 at 18:18 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] @rhetorician In Australia, I've heard that 'wog' was originally an acronym standing for 'Western Oriental Gentleman,' and was an offensive and disparaging term for Chinese immigrants. It gradually broadened in meaning until it could be applied to almost any foreigner. That might be a folksonomy, though. Still, in my experience 'wog' is only ever used to describe to people from other countries (and their descendants); There's a whole separate vocabulary of offensive and disparaging terms for native Australian non-whites. \u2013 user867 Oct 19 '15 at 23:13 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] I would strongly suspect that the word is a corruption of \"polliwog\" (a tadpole or other small aquatic creature), a word with roots in the mid 15th century and current spelling (though likely with several variants) going back to the 1830s, according to Online Etymology Dictionary. \u2013 Hot Licks Jun 8 '16 at 0:30 [PAR] Dictionary coverage of 'golliwog' [PAR] Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary (2003) shows no hesitancy in declaring the source of the word golliwog: [PAR] golliwog also gollywog or golliwogg n {Golliwogg, an animated doll in children's fiction by Bertha Upton \u20201912 Am. writer) (1895) 1 : a grotesque black doll 2 : a person resembling a golliwog [PAR] That same dictionary has this entry\u2014with a far less definite etymology\u2014for wog: [PAR] wog n {perh. short for golliwog} (ca. 1929) chiefly Brit, usu disparaging : a dark-skinned foreigner; esp : one from the Middle East or Far East [PAR] Consistent with Merriam-Webster's reading of golliwog, Ernest Weekley, An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English (1921) has this entry for golliwog: [PAR] golliwog. Created in US by Miss Florence Upton. Perh. on golly (v.i.) with suggestion of dial. polliwog, tadpole, which is still common in US. [PAR] Weekley's only entry for golly, however, is as \"Negro perversion of God.\" Weekley doesn't have an entry for wog at all. [PAR] Eric Partridge, Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, fourth edition (1966), has this for golliwog: [PAR] golliwog, better golliwogg, derives from Golliwogg, a fanciful name\u2014? after polliwog, (now mostly AE for) a tadpole, ME polwigle (it wiggles its poll or head)\u2014for the shaggy-haired, rather grotesque black doll of the Golliwogg books illustrated, the first in 1895, by Florence K. Upton and written by her mother, Bertha Upton; the last of them appeared in 1909. Florence Upton was born, of British parents, in the USA, where the Golliwogg books were first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Twelve Labors of Hercules - Fact Monster The Twelve Labors of Hercules [PAR] Arts and Entertainment > Mythology [PAR] The Twelve Labors of Hercules [PAR] Hercules performed twelve labors given to him by King Eurystheus of Tiryns. For twelve years, he traveled all over to complete these incredible tasks. NOTE: Because different ancient poets gave their own accounts of Hercules's labors, some details may vary. [PAR] One: Kill the Nemean Lion [PAR] This monster of a lion had a hide was so tough that no arrow could pierce it. Hercules stunned the beast with his olive-wood club and then strangled it with his bare hands. It is said that he skinned the lion, using the lion's sharp claws, and ever after wore its hide. [PAR] Two: Kill the Lernean Hydra [PAR] The evil, snakelike Hydra had nine heads. If one got hurt, two would grow in its place. But Hercules quickly sliced off the heads, while his charioteer, Iolaus, sealed the wounds with a torch. Hercules made his arrows poisonous by dipping them in the Hydra's blood. [PAR] Three: Capture the Cerynian Hind [PAR] The goddess Artemis loved and protected this stubborn little deer, which had gold horns. Hercules found it a challenge to capture the delicate hind without hurting it (and making Artemis angry). After following the hind for an entire year, he safely carried it away. [PAR] Four: Capture the Erymanthian Boar [PAR] The people of Mount Erymanthus lived in fear of this deadly animal. Hercules chased the wild boar up the mountain and into a snowdrift. He then took it in a net and brought it to King Eurystheus, who was so frightened of the beast that he hid in a huge bronze jar. [PAR] Five: Clean the Augean Stables [PAR] Thousands of cows lived in these stables belonging to King Augeas . They had not been cleaned in 30 years, but Hercules was told to clean them completely in a single day. To do so he made two rivers bend so that they flowed into the stables, sweeping out the filth. [PAR] Six: Kill the Stymphalian Birds [PAR] These murderous birds lived around Lake Stymphalos. Their claws and beaks were sharp as metal and their feathers flew like darts. Hercules scared them out of their nests with a rattle and then killed them with the poison arrows he had made from the Hydra 's blood. [PAR] Seven: Capture the Cretan Bull [PAR] This savage bull, kept by King Minos of Crete, was said to be insane and breathe fire. Hercules wrestled the mad beast to the ground and brought it back to King Eurystheus. Unfortunately, the king set it free, and it roamed Greece, causing terror wherever it went. [PAR] Eight: Capture the Horses of Diomedes [PAR] King Diomedes , leader of the Bistones, fed his bloodthirsty horses on human flesh. Hercules and his men fought and killed King Diomedes and fed the king to his horses. This made the horses tame, so that Hercules was able to lead them to King Eurystheus. [PAR] Nine: Take the Girdle of the Amazon Queen Hippolyte [PAR] Hercules went to the land of the Amazons , where the queen welcomed him and agreed to give him her girdle for Eurystheus's daughter. But Hera spread the rumor that Hercules came as an enemy. In the end he had to conquer the Amazons and steal the golden belt. [PAR] Ten: Capture the Cattle of Geryon [PAR] Geryon , a winged monster with three human bodies, had a herd of beautiful red cattle. He guarded his prized herd with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shepherd's Pie | MrFood.com Shepherd's Pie | MrFood.com [PAR] Shepherd's Pie [PAR] You must be logged in to add a private note. Login | Register [PAR] My Notes [PAR] ONLY YOU see your private notes. [PAR] We are adding the recipe to your Recipe Box. [PAR] This was added to your Recipe Box. [PAR] You must be logged in to add a recipe. Login | Register [PAR] Share This Recipe [PAR] READY IN [PAR] 4 Hr 10 Min [PAR] Shepherd's pie is an old English dish traditionally made with ground lamb or mutton, vegetables, and gravy that's topped with mashed potatoes and then baked. This updated slow-cooker version by using ground beef and the convenience of frozen mashed potatoes and mixed vegetables. [PAR] What You'll Need: [PAR] 1 (22-ounce) package frozen mashed potatoes [PAR] 1 pound ground round [PAR] 1 (10-1/2-ounce) can French onion soup, undiluted [PAR] 1 (16-ounce) package frozen vegetable mix, thawed [PAR] 1 teaspoon salt [PAR] 1/2 cup (2 ounces) shredded sharp Cheddar cheese [PAR] What To Do: [PAR] Cook potatoes according to microwave package directions. [PAR] [PAR] Meanwhile, cook beef in a large skillet over medium-high heat 7 minutes, stirring until it crumbles and is no longer pink. Drain; stir in flour. [PAR] [PAR] Add soup; cook, stirring constantly, 3 minutes or until slightly thickened. Stir in vegetable mix. Spoon mixture into a lightly greased 5-1/2- or 6-quart slow cooker. [PAR] [PAR] Add salt and pepper to potatoes. Spoon over beef mixture. Sprinkle with cheese. [PAR] [PAR] Cover and cook on LOW setting 4 hours. Let stand 10 minutes before serving."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Moli\u00e8re (2007) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] [font=Century Gothic]\"Moliere\" starts in 1658 with playwright and actor Moliere(Romain Duris) leading his acting troupe to a triumphant return to Paris after perfomring throughout rural France for years but he aims to do more serious plays than his usual farces.(So, I guess you could say he was a 17th century Woody Allen, minus the space aliens.) 13 years earlier, he was not so fortunate as he was arrested for debts unpaid but is rescued by Jourdain(Fabrice Luchini), a wealthy merchant, who assumes his debts in exchange for his theatrical coaching to win the hand of Marquise Celimene(Ludivine Sagnier). At the first opportunity, Moliere makes a break for it but is simultaneously deterred by a very large dog and enchanted by Jourdain's wife(Laura Morante)...[/font] [font=Century Gothic][/font] [font=Century Gothic]\"Moliere\" is a misguided and awkward attempt to explore the creative process. Well, at least it looks great. Maybe, it would have helped if I knew more about the life and works of Moliere. What I can sense is that he was some kind of comic genius. Ironically, the film is at its weakest when it tries to be funny while the serious parts are not half bad, as long as they are allowed to maintain some kind of momentum. Under such conditions, a good cast can do little to help. Ludivine Sagnier comes closest to succeeding but even Laura Morante cannot shine with material like this. And it is especially strange considering Fabrice Luchini was on similar ground several years back in \"Beaumarchais the Scoundrel.\"[/font] [PAR] Walter M. [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] Entertaining period comedy with beautiful sets and engaging acting. It tells the story of French playwright Moli\u00e8re's early days, as if they were indeed as farcical as his plays. C'est tr\u00e8s drole! [PAR] Ross Collins [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] [size=3]\"Moliere,\" starring French dreamboat [b]Romain Duris[/b] as the legendary 17th-century playwright himself, is wonderfully funny and intelligent from first moment to last, all with a light joie de vivre that seems to be part of the French DNA.[/size] [size=3][img]http://www.canoe.com/divertissement/cinema/entrevues/2007/04/09/molposter.jpg[/img][/size] [size=3]I have heard grumblings from some critics who say that the film is simply a recapitulation of one of Moliere's plays. I can't comment on that, as I haven't read any of his work. What I do know is that this film is gorgeous, heart-felt, superbly acted and directed, surprising, witty and overflowing with life. I recommend it to anyone, except [/size][size=3]maybe to Moliere scholars, who presumably have seen it all before.[/size] [size=3][img]http://www.sep7.ca/local/cache-vignettes/L520xH347/moliere2-e948d.jpg[/img][/size] [size=3]The plot surrounds Moliere being rescued from debtors' prison by an extravagantly wealthy merchant named Monsieur Jourdain, who is striving to win the heart of a young, beautiful, well-educated Comtesse. Since he is married, this Comtesse would be his mistress. (The tradition of the mistress in France is like nothing we have in America. In France it is almost presumed that a married man would have a mistress -- or more recently, a boyfriend. Vive la France!)[/size] [size=3]Jourdain, who is hilariously played by [b]Fabrice Luchini[/b], [/size][size=3]is hoping to captivate the ravishing Comtesse by writing a play that will impress her. [/size][size=3]Moliere is to move into Jourdain's immense chateau and tutor Jourdain without his family knowing. Moliere is to masquerade as a priest come to protect the soul of Jourdain's youngest daughter. [/size][size=3]Watching the ribald, devilish Moliere attempt to lead prayers was priceless.[/size] [size=3]Complexities emerge when Moliere falls in love with Madame Jourdain and the erotic adventures of Jourdain's older daughter come to light. The local aristocrat also brings his own intrigues. Woven through all of it is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts About Uruguay Flowers | Garden Guides Facts About Uruguay Flowers | Garden Guides [PAR] Facts About Uruguay Flowers [PAR] Submit [PAR] Overview [PAR] Although the South American country of Uruguay is small, about the size of Florida, and much of its landscape is a prairie environment covered with grass, a number of native and introduced flowering plants add color and beauty. Sometimes called the \"purple land\" because of the large numbers of small purple flowers that grow in the prairie, Uruguay sits on the southeastern Atlantic coast of South America, bordered by Brazil and Argentina. [PAR] Verbena [PAR] The native South American herb known as verbena or Verbena brasiliensis is a flowering annual plant that is often purposely planted in other parts of the world, where it sometimes becomes invasive. It grows from 3 to 8 feet tall and sends up flower spikes with clusters of purple flowers in spring. Verbena likes wetland areas but also grows in grasslands, dry fields, disturbed areas and urban areas, according to InvasiveSpecies.net. It occurs throughout much of South America and has been introduced to Europe, South Africa, North America and Australasia. [PAR] Ceiba [PAR] Ceiba, sometimes spelled ceibo, is the national flower of Uruguay. Known botanically as Erythrina cristina galli, this flowering tree is in the same genus as the wili-wili or coral tree, but this species occurs only in South America. The tree remains small, and rarely exceeds 25 feet. It grows wild in Uruguay in forested areas, especially along streams and rivers, in swamps and other wetlands. Because its red flowers are attractive, it is often cultivated in parks and as a street tree. [PAR] Sensitive Plant [PAR] Mimosa pudica is the name of the unusual small plant sometimes called the sensitive plant, sleeping grass or touch-me-not because when touched, the leaves fold up as if they are sleeping. This plant is a low-growing perennial herb with small, puffy, purple flowers and tiny thorns. It is common in all parts of South and Central America and is sometimes grown as a houseplant in other parts of the world. In some areas, it has been used medicinally. [PAR] Myrtle [PAR] The myrtles of the neotropics, which include Uruguay, are trees or woody shrubs with feathery flowers in a range of colors. Known as the \"Tepualia\" in Uruguay, the Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) species of myrtle also occurs in Brazil and Peru. It grows in the pampas of Uruguay and surrounding countries and has been used to make a fragrant essential oil. [PAR] Rosemary [PAR] The common culinary herb rosemary, or Rosmarinus officinalis, grows wild throughout the coastal regions of Uruguay because it can tolerate salt air and salty soils. It grows into a small, woody shrub and develops small white, pink, lavender or purple flowers, depending on the variety. This highly aromatic plant is widely used in Uruguayan cuisine and is believed to have beneficial effects on human health for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, according to ILoveIndia.com. [PAR] Keywords: flowering plants, Uruguay South America, ceibo ceiba [PAR] About this Author [PAR] Barbara Fahs lives on Hawaii island, where she has created Hi'iaka's Healing Herb Garden. Fahs wrote \"Super Simple Guide to Creating Hawaiian Gardens,\" and has been a professional writer since 1984. She contributes to Big Island Weekly, Ke Ola magazine, GardenGuides and eHow. She earned her B.A. at UCSB and her M.A. from San Jose State University."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Birds The Birds [PAR] The Birds [PAR] There are no active dates for this event. [PAR] Not Available [PAR] Thursday Jan 21, 2016 7:30 PM - Saturday Feb 20, 2016 7:30 PM | $18.00 - $36.00 [PAR] Get Tickets [PAR] The Birds [PAR] a play by Conor McPherson [PAR] After weeks of aerial attacks, four strangers find sanctuary from an environmental catastrophe in an isolated and abandoned lakeside cabin. But that sanctuary is disturbed by questions of what constitutes civilized behavior in the absence of civilization. Adapted for a post-9/11 world by Conor McPherson, \"The Birds\" based on the short story by Daphne du Maurier that inspired Alfred Hitchcock's 1963 film. [PAR] \"A powerful piece of theatre and a reminder of just how important that story has become... truly frightening... a night in the theatre that should not be missed.\" Tippi Hedren [PAR] \"The Birds\" features Sarah Harlett, Sean Nelson, Shawn Belyea, and Meme Garcia-Cosgrove, and opens January 21 at 12th Ave Arts. The play is directed by Greg Carter and stage managed by Gabrielle Strong, with designs by Reed Nakayama, Tommer Peterson, Brendan Patrick Hogan, and Jenny Ampersand. [PAR] More information at strawshop.org [PAR] SPECIAL PRICES ON MONDAY PERFORMANCES [PAR] Discussion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rules of Card Games: Crash and 6-, 7- and 9-card Brag Rules of Card Games: Crash and 6-, 7- and 9-card Brag [PAR] Software [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The games described on this page involve dividing your hand into a number of 'Brag' hands of three cards, so that as many as possible of them will beat the corresponding three-card hands of your opponents. A point is scored by the winner of each three-card hand, and the first to an agreed target score wins the game. Unlike Three Card Brag , on which the hand patterns are based, Crash and the other games on this page are not high stake gambling games. They are usually played for a small amount of money, and there is no process of betting to raise the stake. [PAR] Crash [PAR] I am grateful to the many people who have contributed information about Crash, including: Bob Allison, David Calvert, Matt Daligan, Ben Hall, David Jennings, Robert Jones, Stephen Lowry, Allister Paterson, Peter Rollinson, Tom Valentine and Stephen Williams. [PAR] The game of Crash is also known as Thirteen Card Brag. It is played over a large part of the north of England and in Wales - I have reports ranging from Coventry and Burton-on-Trent in the south to Cumbria and Yorkshire in the north, from Welshpool and from South Wales; also one report from Plymouth and one from Edinburgh, where the game was known as Crackers. There are numerous variations in the rules. I will try to list all those I have collected, and would be interested in comments and in further reports of places where Crash is played and the versions in use. [PAR] Players, cards and deal [PAR] Crash is essentially a four player game. It is played with a standard 52 card pack. [PAR] The first dealer is chosen at random. One method is to deal the cards around face up: the first player who receives a seven is the first dealer. The dealer shuffles, the player to dealer's right cuts, and the dealer deals out all the cards clockwise, one at a time, so that everyone has 13 cards. After the cards have been played and scored, the turn to deal passes to the left. [PAR] It is possible for three people to play. In this case four 13-card hands are still dealt: three to the players and one face-down spare hand. Starting with the player to dealer's left, each player in turn then has the option to discard their hand and take the spare hand in exchange (without first knowing what the spare hand contains). Some play that anyone exchanging for the spare hand must put an additional stake in the pool which will be taken by the eventual winner of the game. [PAR] If two people wish to play, there will be two spare hands, and each player may keep the hand they are dealt or exchange it sight unseen for one of the spares. [PAR] The Play [PAR] Each player divides their 13 cards into up to four three-card Brag hands, which are placed face down in front of the player in descending order from left to right. The card or cards remaining are set aside. [PAR] The valid three-card hands in descending order are: [PAR] Prial: three cards of the same rank - threes highest, then aces, kings, etc. [PAR] Running Flush, also known as a 'run on the bounce' or a trotter: three consecutive cards in one suit - 3-2-A highest, then A-K-Q, down to 4-3-2 (lowest) [PAR] Run: three consecutive cards of mixed suits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Culture - The mysterious origins of punctuation BBC - Culture - The mysterious origins of punctuation [PAR] Books [PAR] The mysterious origins of punctuation [PAR] Commas, semicolons and question marks are so commonplace it seems as if they were always there \u2013 but that\u2019s not the case. Keith Houston explains their history. [PAR] By Keith Houston [PAR] 2 September 2015 [PAR] As readers and writers, we\u2019re intimately familiar with the dots, strokes and dashes that punctuate the written word. The comma, colon, semicolon and their siblings are integral parts of writing, pointing out grammatical structures and helping us transform letters into spoken words or mental images. We would be lost without them (or, at the very least, extremely confused), and yet the earliest readers and writers managed without it for thousands of years. What changed their minds? [PAR] In the 3rd Century BCE, in the Hellenic Egyptian city of Alexandria, a librarian named Aristophanes had had enough. He was chief of staff at the city\u2019s famous library, home to hundreds of thousands of scrolls, which were all frustratingly time-consuming to read. For as long as anyone could remember, the Greeks had written their texts so that their letters ran together withnospacesorpunctuation and without any distinction between lowercase and capitals. It was up to the reader to pick their way through this unforgiving mass of letters to discover where each word or sentence ended and the next began. [PAR] In early Greece and Rome, persuasive speech was more important than written language [PAR] Yet the lack of punctuation and word spaces was not seen as a problem. In early democracies such as Greece and Rome, where elected officials debated to promote their points of view, eloquent and persuasive speech was considered more important than written language and readers fully expected that they would have to pore over a scroll before reciting it in public. To be able to understand a text on a first reading was unheard of: when asked to read aloud from an unfamiliar document, a 2nd Century writer named Aulus Gellius protested that he would mangle its meaning and emphasise its words incorrectly. (When a bystander stepped in to read the document instead, he did just that.) [PAR] View image of In early Greece and Rome, understanding a text on a first reading was unheard of (Credit: Credit: Getty Images) [PAR] Joining the dots [PAR] Aristophanes\u2019 breakthrough was to suggest that readers could annotate their documents, relieving the unbroken stream of text with dots of ink aligned with the middle (\u00b7), bottom (.) or top (\u00b7) of each line. His \u2018subordinate\u2019, \u2018intermediate\u2019 and \u2018full\u2019 points corresponded to the pauses of increasing length that a practised reader would habitually insert between formal units of speech called the comma, colon and periodos. This was not quite punctuation as we know it \u2013 Aristophanes saw his marks as representing simple pauses rather than grammatical boundaries \u2013 but the seed had been planted. [PAR] View image of The Romans eventually abandoned Aristophanes\u2019 system of dots without a second thought (Credit: Credit: Classic Image / Alamy) [PAR] Unfortunately, not everyone was convinced of the value of this new invention. When the Romans overtook the Greeks as the preeminent empire-builders of the ancient world, they abandoned Aristophanes\u2019 system of dots without a second thought. Cicero, for example, one of Rome\u2019s most famous public speakers, told his rapt audiences that the end of a sentence \u201cought to be determined not by the speaker\u2019s pausing for breath, or by a stroke interposed by a copyist, but by the constraint of the rhythm\u201d."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silver medals - definition of Silver medals by The Free ... Silver medals - definition of Silver medals by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Silver medals - definition of Silver medals by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Silver+medals [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] silver medal [PAR] n [PAR] (General Sporting Terms) a medal of silver awarded to a competitor who comes second in a contest or race. Compare gold medal , bronze medal [PAR] sil\u2032ver med\u2032al [PAR] n. [PAR] sil\u2032ver med\u2032alist, n. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] silver medal - a trophy made of silver (or having the appearance of silver) that is usually awarded for winning second place in a competition [PAR] trophy , prize - something given as a token of victory [PAR] Translations [PAR] medaglia d'argento [PAR] silvermedalj [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Silver medal | Define Silver medal at Dictionary.com Silver medal | Define Silver medal at Dictionary.com [PAR] silver medal [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a medal, traditionally of silver or silver in color, awarded to a person or team finishing second in a competition, meet, or tournament. [PAR] Expand [PAR] Examples from the Web for silver medal [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] This week, the world watched as American Dotsie Bausch won a silver medal for cycling in London. [PAR] The Beverly Hills Revenge Murder Will Doig July 22, 2010 [PAR] It was snapped just after a silver medal had been placed around her neck. [PAR] Harry, William and Kate Cheer on Outstanding Zara Tom Sykes July 29, 2012 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] Harding gained the silver medal of the Society of Arts for a water-colour drawing, and became very popular as a drawing-master. [PAR] English Painters Harry John Wilmot-Buxton [PAR] A silver medal is also given every year for the best model from life. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for silver medal [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a medal of silver awarded to a competitor who comes second in a contest or race Compare gold medal , bronze medal [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Contemporary definitions for silver medal [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] a medal made of or colored silver, esp. that given for second place in a competition [PAR] Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon [PAR] People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it? [PAR] Word of the Day"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] England in the World Cup Final Tournament - Captains England in the World Cup Final Tournament - Captains [PAR] Captains [PAR] Captains at World Cup Final Tournaments 1950 - 2014 by Tournament [PAR] 19500 [PAR] 4 matches against Hungary, Argentina, Bulgaria & Brazil [PAR] 1966 [PAR] 6 matches against Uruguay, Mexico, France, Argentina, Portugal & West Germany [PAR] 1970 [PAR] 4 matches against Romania, Brazil, Czechoslovakia & West Germany [PAR] 1982 [PAR] 5 matches against France, Czechoslovakia, Kuwait, West Germany & Spain [PAR] 1986 [PAR] 2 matches against Portugal & Morocco [PAR] Peter Shilton [PAR] 3 matches against Poland, Paraguay & Argentina [PAR] 1990 [PAR] 2 matches against Republic of Ireland & Netherlands [PAR] Peter Shilton [PAR] 2 matches against Egypt & Italy [PAR] Terry Butcher [PAR] 3 matches against Belgium, Cameroon & West Germany [PAR] 1998 [PAR] 4 matches against Tunisia, Romania, Colombia & Argentina [PAR] 2002 [PAR] 5 matches against Sweden, Argentina, Nigeria, Denmark & Brazil [PAR] 2006 [PAR] 5 matches against Paraguay, Trinidad & Tobago, Sweden, Ecuador & Portugal [PAR] 2010 [PAR] 4 matches against USA, Algeria, Slovenia & Germany [PAR] 2014 [PAR] 2 matches against Italy and Uruguay [PAR] Frank Lampard [PAR] one match against Costa Rica [PAR] 2018 [PAR] Captains at World Cup Final Tournaments 1950 - 2014 by Name [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] 2002: Sweden, Argentina, Nigeria, Denmark & Brazil [PAR] 2006: Paraguay, Trinidad & Tobago, Sweden, Ecuador & Portugal [PAR] Terry Butcher [PAR] 2010: USA, Algeria, Slovenia & Germany [PAR] 2014: Italy & Uruguay [PAR] France, Czechoslovakia, Kuwait, West Germany & Spain [PAR] Bobby Moore [PAR] 1966: Uruguay, Mexico, France, Argentina, Portugal & West Germany [PAR] 1970: Romania, Brazil, Czechoslovakia & West Germany [PAR] Bryan Robson [PAR] 1990: Republic of Ireland & Netherlands [PAR] Alan Shearer [PAR] 1950 (3), 1954 (3), 1958 (4) [PAR] 1950: Chile, USA & Spain [PAR] 1958: USSR (2), Brazil & Austria [PAR] [PAR] Captains at World Cup Final Tournaments 1950 - 2014 by Number [PAR] Captain [PAR] 1 [PAR] Notes [PAR] Only eleven men have led England in World Cup final tournament play. Five of these--Mick Mills, Peter Shilton, Terry Butcher, Steven Gerrard and Frank Lampard--were standby captains serving in the absence of the preferred captain. [PAR] Injuries, the fortuities of time and qualification failures have prevented some of England's most illustrious captains from wearing the armband at the World Cup finals or at least limited their appearances as captain on the great stage. [PAR] Throughout the six tournaments following their belated first entry into World Cup competition, England were led by their first-choice captains--Billy Wright in 1950, 1954 and 1958, Johnny Haynes in 1962 and Bobby Moore in 1966 and 1970. But the story since then has been very different. [PAR] England failed to qualify for the next two tournaments, in 1974 and 1978. Manager Alf Ramsey would have stayed on and might well have continued his faith in Moore had England qualified for World Cup 1974, although he had given the armband to Martin Peters on occasion in Moore's absence. Either Kevin Keegan or Emlyn Hughes probably would have led England at World Cup 1978 had qualification been secured. Neither ever led an England team at the World Cup. [PAR] Keegan was manager Ron Greenwood's preferred captain and would have led England at World Cup 1982 in Spain had he been fit, but injury kept him out for all but a late substitute appearance in England's last match at that tournament. Defender Mick Mills filled in as captain, and Keegan's international career ended on a rather sad note. Because of England's disastrous qualification record"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna - Biography - IMDb Madonna - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 291 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (198) | Personal Quotes (74) | Salary (6) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 4\u00bd\" (1.64 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The remarkable, hyper-ambitious Material Girl who never stops reinventing herself, Madonna is a seven-time Grammy Award-winner who has sold over three hundred million records and CDs to adoring fans worldwide. Her film career, however, is another story. Her performances have consistently drawn scathing or laughable reviews from film critics, and the films have usually had tepid, if any, success at the box office. Born Madonna Louise Ciccone in August 1958 in Bay City, Michigan, she is the daughter of Madonna Louise Fortin and Silvio Ciccone , an engineer designer for car companies. Her father was of Italian descent (from a family from Pacentro) and her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. She moved to New York in 1978 and studied with renowned choreographer Alvin Ailey , joined up with the Patrick Hernandez Revue, formed a pop/dance band called \"Breakfast Club\" and began working with then-boyfriend Stephen Bray on recording several disco-oriented songs. New York producer/D.J. Mark Kamins passed her demo tapes to Sire Records in early 1982 and the rest is history. The 1980s was Madonna's boom decade, and she dominated the music charts with a succession of multimillion-selling albums, and her musical and fashion influence on young women was felt around the globe. Madonna first appeared on screen in two low-budget films marketed to an adolescent audience: A Certain Sacrifice (1985) and Vision Quest (1985). However, she scored a minor cult hit with Desperately Seeking Susan (1985) starring alongside spunky Rosanna Arquette . Madonna's next effort with then husband Sean Penn , Shanghai Surprise (1986), was savaged by critics, although the resilient star managed to somewhat improve her standing with her next two films, the off-beat Who's That Girl (1987) (although she did receive decidedly mixed reviews, they weren't as negative as those of her previous effort) and the quirky Damon Runyon -inspired Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989). The big-budget and star-filled Dick Tracy (1990) had her playing bad girl \"Breathless Mahoney\" flirting with Warren Beatty , but the epic failed to catch fire at the box office. Taking an earthier role, Madonna was much more entertaining alongside Tom Hanks and Geena Davis in A League of Their Own (1992), a story about female baseball players during W.W.II. However, she again drew the wrath of critics with the whodunit Body of Evidence (1993), an obvious (and lame) attempt to cash in on the success of the sexy Sharon Stone thriller Basic Instinct (1992). Several other minor screen roles followed, then Madonna starred as Eva Per\u00f3n in Evita (1996), a fairly well received screen adaptation of the hugely successful Broadway musical, for which she received a Golden Globe for Best Actress. The Material Girl stayed away from the movie cameras for several years, returning to co-star in the lukewarm romantic comedy The Next Best Thing (2000), followed by the painful Swept Away (2002) for husband Guy Ritchie . If those films weren't bad enough, she was woefully miscast as a vampish fencing instructor in the James Bond adventure Die Another Day (2002). After finally admitting that her acting days were over, Madonna began a directing career in 2008 with the barely remembered Filth and Wisdom (2008) and a year later she reunited with Madonna: Truth or Dare (1991) director Alek Keshishian to develop a"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Priaprism | definition of Priaprism by Medical dictionary Priaprism | definition of Priaprism by Medical dictionary [PAR] Priaprism | definition of Priaprism by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Priaprism [PAR] Priapism is a rare condition that causes a persistent, and often painful, penile erection. [PAR] Description [PAR] Priapism is drug induced, injury related, or caused by disease, not sexual desire. As in a normal erection, the penis fills with blood and becomes erect. However, unlike a normal erection that dissipates after sexual activity ends, the persistent erection caused by priapism is maintained because the blood in the penile shaft does not drain. The shaft remains hard, while the tip of the penis is soft. If it is not relieved promptly, priapism can lead to permanent scarring of the penis and inability to have a normal erection. [PAR] Causes and symptoms [PAR] Priapism is caused by leukemia, sickle cell disease , or spinal cord injury . It has also been associated as a rare side effect to trazodone (Desyrel), a drug prescribed to treat depression. An overdose of self-injected chemicals to counteract impotence has also been responsible for priapism. The chemicals are directly injected into the penis, and at least a quarter of all men who have used this method of treatment for over three months develop priapism. [PAR] Diagnosis [PAR] A physical examination is needed to diagnose priapism. Further testing, including nuclear scanning or Doppler ultrasound, will diagnose the underlying cause of the condition. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] There are three methods of treatment. The most effective is the injection of medicines into the penis that allow the blood to escape. Cold packs may also be applied to alleviate the condition, but this method becomes ineffective after about eight hours. For the most serious cases and those that do not respond to the first two treatments, a needle can be used to remove the blood. The tissues may need to be flushed with saline or diluted medications by the same needle method. That failing, there are more extensive surgical procedures available. One of them shuts off much of the blood supply to the penis so that it can relax. If the problem is due to a sickle cell crisis, treatment of the crisis with oxygen or transfusion may suffice. [PAR] Prognosis [PAR] If priapism is relieved within the first 12-24 hours, there is usually no residual damage. After that, permanent impotence may result, since the high pressure in the penis compromises blood flow and leads to tissue death (infarction). [PAR] Prevention [PAR] An antineoplastic drug (hydroxyurea) may prevent future episodes of priapism for patients with sickle cell disease. [PAR] Resources [PAR] Wertheimer, Neil. Total Health for Men. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1995. [PAR] Periodicals [PAR] Werthman, P., and J. Rajfer. \"MUSE Therapy: Preliminary Clinical Observations.\" Urology 50 (November 1997): 809-811. [PAR] Key terms [PAR] Antineoplastic \u2014 A drug used to inhibit the growth and spread of cancerous cells. [PAR] Doppler ultrasound \u2014 An imaging technique using ultrasound that can detect moving liquids. [PAR] Infarction \u2014 Death of tissue due to inadequate blood supply. [PAR] Nuclear scanning \u2014 Use of injected radioactive elements to analyze blood flow. [PAR] Sickle cell anemia \u2014 A hereditary abnormality of blood cells in which some are deformed and may plug up small blood vessels. [PAR] priapism [PAR] [pri\u00b4ah-pizm] [PAR] persistent abnormal erection of the penis, accompanied by pain and tenderness. It is seen in diseases and injuries of the spinal cord, and may be caused by vesical calculus and certain injuries to the penis. [PAR] pri\u00b7a\u00b7pism [PAR] (pr\u012b'\u0103-pizm), [PAR] Persistent erection of the penis, accompanied by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maradona admits 'hand of God' goal was revenge for ... Maradona admits 'hand of God' goal was revenge for Falklands | The Independent [PAR] Maradona admits 'hand of God' goal was revenge for Falklands [PAR] Saturday 2 October 2004 23:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Diego Maradona, the world's most famous sports cheat, has claimed that his notorious hand-ball goal against England in the 1986 World Cup was not, after all, a matter of divine intervention, but of simple revenge. [PAR] Diego Maradona, the world's most famous sports cheat, has claimed that his notorious hand-ball goal against England in the 1986 World Cup was not, after all, a matter of divine intervention, but of simple revenge. [PAR] The player has always described his goal, which he punched into the net, as scored by \"the hand of God\". But yesterday, in an extract from his forthcoming book, modestly entitled El Diego: The Autobiography of the World's Greatest Footballer, he said it was retribution against England for his country's defeat in the Falklands War. [PAR] He writes: \"We blamed the English players for everything that happened, for all the suffering of the Argentine people ... Before the match we said football had nothing to do with the Malvinas war. But we knew a lot of Argentine kids died, shot down like little birds. This was revenge.\" England lost, and Argentina went on to win the trophy. [PAR] The English are not Maradona's only target: \"I met the Pope. It was disappointing.\" He says the Pope gave him a rosary and told him it was special. But when he compared it to ones handed to his wife and mother, he found it was the same. Peeved, he went back to tackle the Supreme Pontiff about it but received only a pat on the back. Maradona writes: \"Total lack of respect!\" [PAR] Since then Maradona has become bloated and cocaine-addicted. In April he was taken into intensive care with heart problems, and his family then forced him to go into rehab for his addiction. After two months he said he wanted to go to Cuba, the setting for a picture published in a Mexican newspaper showing him lying on a bed snorting substances. His family tried to get a court to stop him, but Maradona went on television, pleaded for the right to return to Cuba, and broke down in tears on air. A judge cleared him for take-off, and two weeks ago 43-year-old arrived in Cuba for treatment at the Centre for Mental Health. [PAR] So the man who once had the body of an athlete and the feet of an angel now has the brain and heart of an addict. The hand of God moves in mysterious ways. [PAR] More about:[DOC] [TLE] Maradona kisses and hugs \u2018Hand of God\u2019 referee - Telegraph Maradona kisses and hugs \u2018Hand of God\u2019 referee - Telegraph [PAR] Argentina [PAR] Maradona kisses and hugs \u2018Hand of God\u2019 referee [PAR] Diego Maradona meets the referee \u2013 his \u2018eternal friend\u2019 - who allowed his hand ball goal against England in the World Cup and presents him with a signed Argentina shirt [PAR] Tunisian referee Ali Bennaceur with Maradona Photo: Europics/Diego Maradona Facebook [PAR] 6:22AM BST 19 Aug 2015 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Diego Maradona kissed and hugged the referee who allowed his handball goal in the 1986 World Cup and presented him with a signed Argentina jersey when the two met in Tunisia this week, local media reported. [PAR] Maradona's quarter-final goal against England in Mexico City gained added notoriety when the Argentine,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000 ... Celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000 - crossword puzzle clues & answers - Dan Word [PAR] \u00abLet me solve it for you\u00bb [PAR] Celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000 [PAR] Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Here are the possible solutions for \"Celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000\" clue. It was last seen in British general knowledge crossword. We have 1 possible answer in our database. [PAR] Possible answer:[DOC] [TLE] Jamie __, celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000 Jamie __, celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000 - Crossword clues & answers - Global Clue [PAR] Useful website for every solver [PAR] Jamie __, celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000 [PAR] Let's find possible answers to \"Jamie __, celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000\" crossword clue. First of all, we will look for a few extra hints for this entry: Jamie __, celebrity chef who married Juliette Norton in 2000. Finally, we will solve this crossword puzzle clue and get the correct word. We have 1 possible solution for this clue in our database. [PAR] Related clues"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rosencrantz and Guildenstern - Shakespeare Online Rosencrantz and Guildenstern [PAR] Rosencrantz and Guildenstern [PAR] From Hamlet. Eds. F. A. Purcell and L. M. Somers. [PAR] Rosencrantz and Guildenstern had been fellow-students of Hamlet at Wittenberg, and were much beloved by him. \"Good gentlemen,\" says the Queen, [PAR] he hath much talk'd of you; [PAR] And, sure I am, two men there are not living [PAR] To whom he more adheres. -- II. ii. 19. [PAR] They are received with cordiality by the Prince, and are entertained without reserve until he perceives they have been corrupted by the King. They are typical of men whose inclinations are good, but who lack character to follow those inclinations. They cannot even practice villainy with success. \"You were sent for,\" says Hamlet, \"and there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have not craft enough to colour.\" They commit no actual crime in the play, and are apparently no worse than the society in which they move. Hamlet tells Rosencrantz that he \"soaks up\" [PAR] the king's countenance, his rewards, his authorities; he keeps [PAR] them, like an ape doth nuts, in the corner of his jaw; first [PAR] mouthed, to be last swallowed: when he needs what you have [PAR] gleaned, it is but squeezing you, and, sponge, you shall be dry [PAR] again, IV. ii. 17. [PAR] They are fools more than they are knaves, but Shakespeare knows that folly is often more harmful than knavery. When death is meted out to them as a punishment for their base servility, Hamlet satisfies himself with the reflection, [PAR] Why, man, they did make love to this employment; [PAR] They are not near my conscience; their defeat [PAR] Does by their own insinuation grow. -- V. ii. 57. [PAR] He feels no compunction at their fate, and though their punishment is severe, they leave the world no poorer for their loss. [PAR] \"Wilhelm Meister translates Hamlet and adapts it for the stage; a difficulty arises in finding characters to fill all the parts, and Serlo, the stage manager, suggests that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern should be compressed into one. 'Heaven preserve me from all such curtailments!' answered Wilhelm, 'they destroy at once the sense and the effect. What these two persons are and do, it is impossible to represent by one. In such small matters, we discover Shakespeare's greatness. These soft approaches, this smirking and bowing, this assenting, wheedling, flattering, this whisking agility, this wagging of the tail, this allness and emptiness, this legal knavery, this ineptitude and insipidity, -- how can they be expressed by a single man? There ought to be at least a dozen of these people, if they could be had: for it is only in society that they are anything; they are society itself, and Shakespeare showed no little wisdom and discernment in bringing in a pair of them.'\" -- Goethe. [PAR] How to cite this article: [PAR] Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Eds. F. A. Purcell and L. M. Somers. Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Co., 1916. Shakespeare Online. 2 Aug. 2013. < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/plays/hamlet/rosencrantz.html >. [PAR] _______"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Toxaemia - definition of toxaemia by The Free Dictionary Toxaemia - definition of toxaemia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Toxaemia - definition of toxaemia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/toxaemia [PAR] 1. (Pathology) a condition characterized by the presence of bacterial toxins in the blood [PAR] 2. (Pathology) the condition in pregnancy of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia [PAR] [C19: from tox- + -aemia] [PAR] 1. a condition of illness due to the presence in the bloodstream of toxins. [PAR] 2. blood poisoning. \u2014 toxemic, toxaemic, adj. [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] illness , sickness , unwellness , malady - impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism [PAR] eclampsia - a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy [PAR] preeclampsia , pre-eclampsia - abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated [PAR] 2. [PAR] blood poisoning , septicaemia , septicemia - invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection [PAR] Translations [PAR] toxemia (US) [t\u0252k\u02c8si\u02d0m\u026a\u0259] N \u2192 toximia f [PAR] toxaemia [PAR] n \u2192 Blutvergiftung f, \u2192 Sepsis f (spec) [PAR] toxaemia [PAR] toxemia (Am) [t\u0252k\u02c8si\u02d0m\u026a\u0259] n \u2192 tossiemia [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] unwellness [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] My mother had contracted toxaemia and my father was told it was unlikely that we would both survive. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does terminological inexactitude mean? - Definitions.net What does terminological inexactitude mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word terminological inexactitude [PAR] Wiktionary(5.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: [PAR] terminological inexactitude(Noun) [PAR] A lie or falsehood. [PAR] Origin: Coined by Winston Churchill campaigning in the 1906 election, and repeated by him in the parliament, [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Terminological inexactitude [PAR] Terminological inexactitude is a phrase introduced in 1906 by British politician Winston Churchill. Today, it is used as a euphemism or circumlocution meaning a lie or untruth. Churchill first used the phrase during the 1906 election. After the election in the House of Commons on 22 February 1906, as Under-Secretary of the Colonial Office, he repeated what he had said during the campaign: The conditions of the transvaal ordinance ... cannot in the opinion of His Majesty's Government be classified as slavery; at least, that word in its full sense could not be applied without a risk of terminological inexactitude. It seems this first usage was strictly literal, merely a roundabout way of referring to inexact or inaccurate terminology. But it was soon interpreted or taken up as a euphemism for an outright lie. To accuse another member in the House of lying is unparliamentary, so a way of implying that without saying it was very useful. [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of terminological inexactitude in Chaldean Numerology is: 3 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology[DOC] [TLE] On Being Economical with the Truth - UK Bible Students On Being Economical with the Truth [PAR] ON BEING ECONOMICAL WITH THE TRUTH [PAR] [PAR] All Bible references are to the Anglicised New International Version (NIV-UK) [PAR] [PAR] [W]e have renounced secret and shameful ways; we do not use deception, nor do we distort the word of God. On the contrary, by setting forth the truth plainly we commend ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God. And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing. The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 2 Corinthians 4: 2-4 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdeconomical with the truth\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd is an expression that describes a careful use of facts so as not to reveal too much information. In common usage, it is generally understood as a euphemism for deceit, whether by volunteering false information \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd that is, lying \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd or by deliberately holding back relevant facts. [PAR] The modern phrase became popular after it was used by Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary at the time of the Spycatcher trial in 1986. It derived from Edmund Burke, 18th-century British statesman, author and philosopher, who wrote that [PAR] [PAR] Falsehood and delusion are allowed in no case whatever: but, as in the exercise of all the virtues, there is an economy of truth. It is a sort of temperance, by which a man speaks truth with measure that he may speak it the longer. [PAR] [PAR] Another euphemistic expression was coined by Winston Churchill, British politician and later Prime Minister during the Second World War. He used the phrase \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdterminological inexactitude\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd during the 1906 election campaign, and later as Under-Secretary of the Colonial Office he repeated in the House of Commons what he had said (February 22, 1906): [PAR] [PAR] [T]he conditions of the Transvaal Ordinance under which Chinese labour is now being carried on . . . cannot in the opinion of His Majesty\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Government"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 8 Out of 10 Cats (TV Series 2005\u2013 ) - IMDb 8 Out of 10 Cats (TV Series 2005\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] 8 Out of 10 Cats [PAR] 24min [PAR] A topical news panel show with Jimmy Carr as host, and team captains Sean Lock and Jon Richardson. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 07 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 16 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 15 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: 8 Out of 10 Cats (2005\u2013 ) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] An edition of Countdown (1982) with the stars of 8 Out of 10 Cats (2005). [PAR] Stars: Jimmy Carr, Rachel Riley, Susie Dent [PAR] Mock the Week (TV Series 2005) [PAR] Comedy | Game-Show [PAR] A comedic look at current events. [PAR] Stars: Dara O'Briain, Hugh Dennis, Andy Parsons [PAR] Two teams, lead by their team leader (either Lee Mack or David Mitchell), have to try and make the other team believe their crazy stories. [PAR] Stars: David Mitchell, Lee Mack, Rob Brydon [PAR] A comedy panel game in which being Quite Interesting is more important than being right. Stephen Fry is joined each week by four comedians to share anecdotes and trivia, and maybe answer some questions as well. [PAR] Stars: Alan Davies, Stephen Fry, Bill Bailey [PAR] Hilarious, totally-irreverent, near-slanderous political quiz show, based mainly on news stories from the last week or so, that leaves no party, personality or action unscathed in pursuit ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ian Hislop, Paul Merton, Angus Deayton [PAR] British comedian Russell Howard shares his views on the topical news of the previous week. [PAR] Stars: Russell Howard, Colin Hoult, Sadie Hasler [PAR] An edition of Deal or No Deal? (2005) with the stars of 8 Out of 10 Cats (2005). [PAR] Director: Ollie Bartlett [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A topical news panel show with Jimmy Carr as host, and team captains Sean Lock and Jon Richardson. [PAR] 3 June 2005 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] 8 \u0438\u0437 10 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043a See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The name 8 out of 10 cats come from the old Whiskas advert '8 out of 10 cats prefer Whiskas to any other cat food' See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] Fantastic bit of British game-show comedy! [PAR] 11 August 2005 | by Reilly_4 [PAR] (United Kingdom) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] 8 out of 10 cats is a game show in which two teams answer questions linked to opinion polls answered for by the general British public. Hosted by the terrific Jimmy Carr, it features Sean Lock and Dave Spikey (both also brilliant) as the team captains, and a host of famous faces to be the other team members. The comedy comes thick and fast, especially from Lock and Spikey, with regular quips from the guests, most of which are surprisingly funny! With a host"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Witches - Roald Dahl The Witches - Roald Dahl [PAR] Roald Dahl [PAR] Published in 1983 [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Roald Dahl's The Witches tells the story of a brave young boy and his Norwegian grandmother as they battle England's witches. [PAR] Background [PAR] Background [PAR] Witches absolutely detest children. To a witch, a child smells like dogs' droppings. And now the Grand High Witch is planning to get rid of every child in England - can anybody stop them? [PAR] The Witches tells the story of a brave young boy and his Norwegian grandmother as they battle against England's child-hating witches. It continues to feature in lists dedicated to the scariest children's books more than 30 years after it was first published. Especially around Halloween. [PAR] When he was a child himself, Roald Dahl used to spend every summer holiday with his family in Norway, where he was inspired by bedtime stories of witches and magic. He wrote about these holidays in Boy: Tales of Childhood. It is also said that the grandmother in The Witches was partially inspired by Roald's own mother. Roald dedicated the book to his wife, Liccy. [PAR] A film version of the story, starring Angelica Huston as the witches' leader The Grand High Witch, was released in 1990. The main difference between the film and the original story is the ending - in the book, there is no spell cast to change the boy's state back to what it was before the witches found him. The film also gives its central character the name Luke, whereas in the book we don't find out the name of either the boy who narrates the story or his grandmother. [PAR] In 1983, the year it was published, The Witches won three awards: The New York Times Outstanding Books Award, The Federation of Children's Book Groups Award and The Whitbread Award. [PAR] The Witches helped inspire Boy[DOC] [TLE] The witches (Book, 1983) [WorldCat.org] The witches (Book, 1983) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] schema:datePublished \"1983\" ; [PAR] schema:description \"A note about witches -- My grandmother -- How to recognize a witch -- The grand high witch -- Summer holidays -- The meeting -- Frizzled like a fritter -- Formula 86 delayed-action mouse-maker -- The recipe -- Bruno Jenkins disappears -- The ancient ones -- Metamorphosis -- Bruno -- Hello, grandmamma -- The mouse-burglar -- Mr. and Mrs. Jenkins meet Bruno -- The plan -- In the kitchen -- Mr. Jenkins and his son -- The triumph -- The heart of a mouse -- It's off to work we go!\"@ en ; [PAR] schema:description \"A young boy and his Norwegian grandmother, who is an expert on witches, together foil a witches' plot to destroy the world's children by turning them into mice.\"@ en ;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The truth about Shergar racehorse kidnapping - Telegraph The truth about Shergar racehorse kidnapping - Telegraph [PAR] The truth about Shergar racehorse kidnapping [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 3 [PAR] Jim Fitzgerald, Shergar's former groom with a photograph of the prize bay stallion: 'He was a grand horse' [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 3 [PAR] Kevin Mallon, a convicted killer and senior IRA leader who has been identified as the man behind the plot [PAR] [PAR] The Aga Khan owned six of the 40 shares in Shergar [PAR] By Andrew Alderson, Chief Reporter [PAR] 12:01AM GMT 27 Jan 2008 [PAR] It is 25 years since a world-famous racehorse was kidnapped by the IRA, never to be seen again. Now, chief reporter Andrew Alderson has solved the mystery of Shergar's final hours, why his remains have never been found and uncovered the truth about the bungled ransom attempt that led to his demise [PAR] Swirling mist and driving rain threaten to obscure the view from a ridge up in the Iron Mountains, high above County Leitrim. However, it is still possible to see, hundreds of feet below and stretching to the horizon, the most sparsely populated terrain in all of Ireland. [PAR] Brough Scott: Extraordinary racing machine's callous end [PAR] Until a decade ago this was \"bandit country\", the remote hills and marshlands from where the IRA and its supporters smuggled arms over the border and planned their raids on the security forces in Northern Ireland. Once targets had been attacked, active service units would then slip back to the \"safe houses\" of the south to prepare for their next mission. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Extraodrinary racing machine's callous end [PAR] 27 Jan 2008 [PAR] Co Leitrim, which even now has a population of just 26,000, has kept many secrets during the 30 years of the Troubles. But perhaps its greatest mystery is what happened to Shergar, the racehorse once regarded as the nearest real-life equivalent to Pegasus, the winged horse from Greek mythology. [PAR] Now, however, an investigation by The Sunday Telegraph to mark the 25th anniversary of the horse's kidnapping finally solves the puzzle of Shergar's final hours, why his remains have never been found and how the Garda, the Irish police, bungled their investigation. The precise circumstances of Shergar's grisly death are also revealed for the first time. [PAR] Shergar was five years old and preparing for his second season as a breeding stallion when he was snatched from the Ballymany Stud in Co Kildare - just a stone's throw from The Curragh racetrack - on a foggy winter's evening. [PAR] On the racecourse, as a two- and three-year-old, Shergar had been nothing short of sensational, winning the 1981 Derby by 10 lengths, a record distance that century for Britain's biggest flat race. [PAR] With a distinctive white blaze on his face, four white \"socks\" and his unusual racing style - he ran with his tongue lolling out of one side of his mouth - Shergar quickly captured the imagination of the British and Irish public. [PAR] The bay colt was owned by the Aga Khan, the billionaire spiritual leader to 15 million Ismaili Muslims, was trained by Sir Michael Stoute at Newmarket and was ridden by the \"choirboy\", an angelic looking 19-year-old jockey called Walter Swinburn, who now trains in Britain. [PAR] There was widespread relief when at the end of his career, instead of being shipped to one of the large American studs as expected, Shergar was returned to his birthplace of Ireland. There, he was syndicated for \u00a310 million (40 shares worth \u00a3250,000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Huascaran Overview - Peakware.com Huascaran Overview - Peakware.com [PAR] Convenient Center: [PAR] Huaraz, Peru [PAR] Huascar\u00e1n is the highest mountain in Peru, and the fifth highest in South America. The continent's four higher mountains are all located further south along the Chile-Argentina crest, so Huascar\u00e1n towers dominantly among its peers. Its two extinct volcanic summits (the lower north peak is 21,830 ft.) are separated by a huge deep saddle, upon which a hut now sits. The mountain is both high and massive, its huge flanks covered in steep, broken glaciers. In 1962 a hanging glacier broke from the mountain's northern flank, killing 6,000 people in the village of Ranrahirca. In 1970, a similar fate fell upon the villages of Yungay, Huaraz, and Aija, which were wiped out by earthquake-triggered avalanches from the mountain. Fifteen members of a Czech expedition were climbing Huascar\u00e1n at the time, and were among the thousands dead. Many climbers have also been killed by icefall in the area between the two peaks. Technically, Huascar\u00e1n is actually one of the easiest climbs in the Cordillera Blanca, though its ever-present hazards -- icefall, avalanche, and crevasse -- must not be overlooked. Huascar\u00e1n's lower north summit was first climbed in 1908 by Annie Peck, making it one of the few major peaks in the world to be first ascended by a woman. The higher south peak remained unclimbed for 24 years after Peck's south peak ascent. Both peaks are climbed via the saddle that separates them, and the panorama from the top is unequaled. The lower north peak is less crowded, and is a slightly more difficult climb.[DOC] [TLE] Mount Huascaran (Huascaran National Park, Peru): Top Tips ... Mount Huascaran (Huascaran National Park, Peru): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] \u201cBeautiful Day Hike to Laguna 69 - Parque Nacional Huascar\u00e1n\u201d [PAR] Reviewed June 13, 2016 [PAR] We booked a day hike to Laguna 69 with Peru Tours, located right beside the Plaza de Armas in Huaraz. The tour cost us 30 soles / person and included the 2.5 hour bus ride to the park's entrance, return trip and a guide. The entrance to the national park was an additional 10 soles. The hike itself took about... More [PAR] Helpful?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mushrooms, shiitake - WHFoods Mushrooms, shiitake [PAR] The World's Healthiest Foords are health-promoting foods that can change your life. [PAR] Watch for the launch of our new WHFoods 7-Day Meal Plan on January 23rd! [PAR] The George Mateljan Foundation is a not-for-profit foundation with no commercial interests or [PAR] advertising. Our mission is to help you eat and cook the healthiest way for optimal health. [PAR] Mushrooms, shiitake [PAR] Long a symbol of longevity in Asia because of their health-promoting properties, shiitake mushrooms have been used medicinally by the Chinese for more than 6,000 years. More recently, their rich, smoky flavor has endeared them to American taste buds. These exotic hearty mushrooms can now be found in supermarket shelves across the U.S. throughout the year. [PAR] Like other mushrooms, these specialty mushrooms are as mysteriously unique as they are delicious. While often thought of as a vegetable and prepared like one, mushrooms are actually a fungus, a special type of living organism that has no roots, leaves, flowers or seeds. [PAR] What's New and Beneficial about Shiitake Mushrooms [PAR] Although immune system support has often received much of the spotlight in shiitake mushroom research, recent study results involving support of the cardiovascular system have caught the attention of many researchers. In particular, recent studies have shown the ability of shiitake mushrooms to help protect us against cardiovascular diseases (including atherosclerosis) by preventing too much immune cell binding to the lining of our blood vessels. In order for immune cells and other materials to bind onto our blood vessel linings, certain protein molecules\u2014called adhesion molecules\u2014must be produced and sent into action. By helping to block the adhesion molecule production process, substances in shiitake mushrooms can help protect our blood vessels. (The adhesion molecule production that is partially blocked by shiitake mushroom components includes the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin.) [PAR] Shiitake mushrooms have long been recognized as a very good, non-animal food source of iron. But a recent preliminary study has determined that the bioavailability of iron from shiitake mushrooms may be even better than we thought. Although conducted on laboratory animals (female rats) rather than humans, this study found the iron in dried shiitake mushroom to be equally as bioavailable as supplemental iron in the form of ferrous gluconate. (Ferrous gluconate is a very commonly used low-dose iron supplement.) While we don't usually spotlight research on laboratory animals, we found this result to be especially promising for individuals who consume little or no animal products and are often looking for foods that can supply valuable amounts of bioavailable iron. [PAR] Shiitake mushrooms can be one of the most sustainable foods in your diet! While the majority of shiitake mushrooms produced worldwide have been grown on sawdust block in a non-natural setting, it is fully possible for shiitake mushrooms to be produced on natural hardwood logs in a forest setting. This approach to shiitake mushroom production is called \"forest farming\" and it has become an especially popular way of growing shiitake mushrooms in the U.S, where there are now more than 200 shiitake mushroom growers. Unfortunately, forest farming is not a requirement for organic certification of shiitake mushrooms. However, all of the plant crop standards in the National Organics Program regulations apply to shiitake mushroom production, and so the combination of these two features\u2014certified organic shiitake mushrooms that have also been forest farmed\u2014can make a great food choice in terms of sustainable agriculture. Just look for the USDA's organic logo on your shiitake mushrooms to determine if they are certified organic. Then check for information about forest farming"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Do People Speak in Switzerland? | USA Today What Do People Speak in Switzerland? | USA Today [PAR] What Do People Speak in Switzerland? [PAR] Switzerland, a country with a population of only 7 million, has four official languages. [PAR] (Photo: Ablestock.com/AbleStock.com/Getty Images ) [PAR] American Travel to Switzerland [PAR] Switzerland is widely considered to be the model for a kind of tolerance relatively rare within European countries: Peaceful coexistence between different language groups. While Swiss dialects of three of the country's official languages -- German, French and Italian -- differ from standard versions, they're all mutually intelligible. However, the fourth, Romansh, is in a class of its own. This ancient and mysterious tongue, spoken in only one region of the country by less than 1 percent of the Swiss population, is found nowhere else in the world. Although English isn't an official language, it's widely spoken and understood, especially in cities. [PAR] Switzerland's Linguistic Diversity [PAR] In the first century B.C., today's Switzerland was part of the Roman Empire, but following its collapse in the fifth century, Germanic tribes moved into the region, and linguistic diversity began evolving from there. The Swiss federation consists of 26 cantons, or states, all with much more control over their own affairs, including education and language policy, than North American or European states and provinces. Despite four official languages, 22 cantons have only one official language, and children who attend public schools there don't have the choice of being educated in any other language. [PAR] The Swiss German Dialect [PAR] The vast majority of the Swiss population, about 64 percent, converse in a dialect of German called Swiss German, which divides even further into regional sub-dialects. For example, the customary greeting in standard, or high, German would be \"guten Tag,\" but in Swiss German, the all-purpose hello for one person is \"gruetzi\" or \"gruetzi wohl,\" and for more than one, \"gruetzi miteinander,\" the equivalent of \"hello, everybody.\" Whereas \"guten Abend\" is the standard German way of saying, \"good night,\" speakers of Swiss German would say, \"guten Abig\" when addressing one person, and \"guten Abig zusammen\" or \"guten Abig miteinander\" for two or more. Despite conversational differences, the Swiss use standard German in writing. In both Zurich, the largest city, and Bern, the capital, Swiss German is the dominant language, although in the canton of Bern, French is also officially recognized. [PAR] French and Italian [PAR] The differences between standard French and Swiss French, spoken by about 20 percent of the population, aren't as great as they are between standard and Swiss German. As Andres Kristol, director of the University of Neuch\u00e2tel\u2019s Centre for the Study of Dialects and Regional French, puts it, \u201cIt\u2019s the same dish but the spices are different.\" To the ears of a Parisian, the Swiss French spoken in Geneva in the country's Romandie region has a charmingly antique quality, with a slower pace, different accent and variant words and phrases. Like Swiss German and French, the Italian spoken by about 7 percent of the population differs somewhat from the Italian spoken in Italy but people use standard Italian when writing. [PAR] Mysterious Romansh [PAR] If Romansh were an animal, it would be classified as critically endangered. In fact, fewer people in Switzerland today -- only half of 1 percent of the population -- speak Romansh than Serbo-Croatian. Most visitors to Switzerland visit the alpine canton Graubunden, the only place where this language is spoken but also famous for its ski resorts, including St. Moritz. Romansh is believed to have evolved from the native language spoken by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Beckham: A Footballer's Story (Soccer Documentary ... David Beckham: A Footballer's Story (Soccer Documentary) - YouTube [PAR] David Beckham: A Footballer's Story (Soccer Documentary) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 13, 2014 [PAR] Documentary on soccer player David Beckham: A Footballer's Story. [PAR] David Robert Joseph Beckham, OBE (born 2 May 1975) is an English footballer who currently plays for French Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain. He has played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, Milan, Los Angeles Galaxy, and the England national team for which he holds the appearance record for an outfield player. [PAR] Beckham's professional career began with Manchester United, making his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17. With United, Beckham won the Premier League title six times, the FA Cup twice, and the UEFA Champions League in 1999. He then played four seasons with Real Madrid, winning the La Liga championship in his final season with the club. In July 2007 Beckham signed a five-year contract with Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy. While a Galaxy player, he spent two loan spells in Italy with AC Milan in 2009 and 2010. [PAR] In international football, Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996, at the age of 21. He was captain for six years during which he played 58 times. He has 115 career appearances to date. [PAR] Beckham has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 was the world's highest-paid footballer when taking into account salary and advertising deals. Beckham was the first British footballer to play 100 Champions League matches. When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given the highest player salary in the league's history of US$6.5m per year. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bossa Nova - University of Michigan Bossa Nova [PAR] Bossa Nova [PAR] In The Begining [PAR] Bossa Nova has become a part of the American jazz tradition. Bossa Nova songs are a very common part of any high school jazz ensemble. But Bossa Nova music is quite far from an American tradition. Its origins are traced back to brazil in the 1850\u2019s, and it was not really introduced to musicians in the U.S until 1962. 9 At this time in the united states, when samba musicians in Brazil combined their music style with a style of \u201cCool Jazz\u201d that was coming out of California at the time.1 Literally translated the words bossa nova mean New Beat, and [PAR] that is exactly what it was, a new musical beat and a new style of music that immediately gained immense popularity with Brazil\u2019s upper and middle classes. Bossa Nova musicians started by playing in wealthy neighborhoods of Brazil, the songs were mostly about beautiful girls and falling in love as opposed to its cousin that Samba, whose songs at the time were mostly about political struggle. But in the coming century the texture of Bossa Nova would change with the social climate of Brazil. 9 [PAR] A vehicle for social change [PAR] In the 60\u2019s Bossa Nova was considered a harmless music, that is, the musicians of Bossa Nova did not write songs of political protest. But somehow, the musical style spawned the birth of the prostest music in Brazil that is considered responsible for the political turmoil that eventually led to a military coup in Brazil in 1964. 9 During all the political turmoil, Bossa Nova Musicians began to write songs with a much stronger political message, and some were almost considered social guides and leaders, in a similar manner to Bob Dylan was in the United [PAR] States at this time. After the Coup of 1964 Bossa Nova continued to change. The Topic Of many songs shifted towards protest at the new Military government. Bossa Nova was no longer a music of the upper class, it was a music of the people of Brazil. 9 [PAR] Although it was originally a music for the Upper Class bossa nova has always had many parallels to the country of its origin. It was created in a time of growth and relative prosperity for Brazil and then the \u201csecond style\u201d, created after 1964 was during a time of struggle, and the lyrics of the songs support this. [PAR] Bossa Nova Today [PAR] Today Bossa Nova is beginning to celebrate a return to popularity. The adults of today had parents who loved Bossa Nova, and true to all human nature, as kids they rebelled against things that their parents stood for, but those kids are now becoming adults and beginning to re-embrace Bossa Nova as part of their country\u2019s tradition, as well as, appreciate it and enjoy is purely for its musical brilliance. Famous Bossa Nova Composers include, Antonio Carlos [PAR] Jobim, one of the founding fathers of Bossa Nova, and Sylvia Telles, who is considered by many to be the most talend Brazilian singer in the 1950\u2019s and1960\u2019s. 1 In the united states Bossa Nova has received to recent, rather secret infamy in the form of \u201cSoul Bossa Nova\u201d by Quincy Jones, which has been featured in the opening credits of all three Austin Powers Movies. Stan Getz is also a famous Bossa Nova Musician from the United States.[DOC] [TLE] Introduction to Bossa Nova Dancing - Heritage Institute Introduction to Bossa Nova Dancing [PAR] Bossa Nova [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Bossa Nova"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] U2 \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at ... U2 \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] 80s [PAR] U2 is rock band from Ireland which formed in 1976 in Dublin, Ireland. Since the band\u2019s formation, they have consisted of Bono (real name Paul Hewson) (vocals, guitar, harmonica), The Edge (real name David Evans) (guitar, keyboards, backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass) and Larry Mullen, Jr. (drums, percussion). The band is the biggest selling alternative rock act of all time, having sold 150 million albums worldwide as of 2008. They have won 22 Grammys and were inducted into the\u2026 read more[DOC] [TLE] The Edge: Biography from @U2 The Edge: Biography from @U2 [PAR] David \"The Edge\" Howell Evans [PAR] Born: August 8, 1961 [PAR] Instrument: Guitars, piano, keyboards, vocals and background vocals [PAR] Dave 'The Edge' Evans was born in Barking, Essex, in East London, to parents of Welsh descent, Gwenda and Garvin Evans. When he was a year old, the family - which included younger sister Gillian (Gill) and older brother Richard (Dick) - moved to Dublin, where he has lived ever since. There, he grew up as a quiet yet very intelligent kid. He did well in school \u2013 first at St. Andrew's Primary School and then at Mount Temple - and until he met the boys who would be his future bandmates, he wanted to go to university and become a doctor or an engineer. [PAR] In the fall of 1976 he spotted Larry's note on the Mount Temple Comprehensive High School bulletin board asking for anyone interested in forming a band. He was the first to respond, and he went to the first meeting in Larry's house with his brother Dick. The Edge showed guitar skills well beyond his age, and the chemistry among the group was obvious from the beginning. [PAR] Early in the band's career, Dave Evans was re-baptized by Bono - then Bono Vox - as 'The Edge'. The nickname was inspired in the beginning by the sharp features of his face, but it also applied to his sharp mind and the way he always observed things from the edge. [PAR] Despite his previous academic ambitions, Edge's commitment to the band grew to such an extent that when he finished high school, he told his parents he'd take a year off to see where the band and their music would take him. [PAR] Along with Bono and Larry, The Edge began attending prayer group meetings in the late 1970s. The young men were in search of spirituality and the answer to the big questions, and consequently were torn between their Christian ideals and their rock and roll lifestyle. Larry and Bono quickly chose the band, but The Edge was uncertain to the point where he nearly left U2 during the October tour. But he took Bono's advice to follow his heart, and after a reasonable period of soul searching, he chose the band as well. The Edge soon realized he didn't have any trouble reconciling his beliefs with his music and lifestyle; it was other people who did. In his words: \"there was no problem. It was other people's problems\". [PAR] In 1983, Edge married Aislinn O'Sullivan, with whom he remained for seven years and had three daughters: Hollie (born 4th July 1984), Arran (born 15th October 1985), and Blue Angel (born 26th June 1989). They separated in 1990 and divorced in 1996. He now has a daughter, Sian (born 7th October 1997), and a son, Levi (born 1st October 1999), with Morleigh Steinberg, the belly"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reiki | definition of Reiki by Medical dictionary Reiki | definition of Reiki by Medical dictionary [PAR] Reiki | definition of Reiki by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Reiki [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to Reiki: Chakras [PAR] [PAR] Definition [PAR] Reiki is a form of therapy that uses simple hands-on, no-touch, and visualization techniques, with the goal of improving the flow of life energy in a person. Reiki (pronounced ray-key) means \"universal life energy\" in Japanese, and Reiki practitioners are trained to detect and alleviate problems of energy flow on the physical, emotional, and spiritual level. Reiki touch therapy is used in much the same way to achieve similar effects that traditional massage therapy is used\u2014to relieve stress and pain , and to improve the symptoms of various health conditions. [PAR] Purpose [PAR] Reiki claims to provide many of the same benefits as traditional massage therapy, such as reducing stress, stimulating the immune system, increasing energy, and relieving the pain and symptoms of health conditions. Practitioners have reported success in helping patients with acute and chronic illnesses, from asthma and arthritis to trauma and recovery from surgery. Reiki is a gentle and safe technique, and has been used successfully in some hospitals. It has been found to be very calming and reassuring for those suffering from severe or fatal conditions. Reiki can been used by doctors, nurses, psychologists and other health professionals to bring touch and deeper caring into their healing practices. [PAR] Description [PAR] Origins [PAR] Reiki was developed in the mid-1800s by Dr. Mikao Usui, a Japanese scholar of religion. According to the story that has been passed down among reiki teachers, Usui was a Christian who was intrigued by the idea that Christ could heal sick people by touching them with his hands. Searching for clues that would explain the secrets of healing with hands, Usui made a long pilgrimage around the world, visiting many ancient religious sects and studying ancient books. Some reiki teachers claim that Usui found clues leading back nearly 10,000 years to healing arts that originated in ancient Tibet. During his intense studies, Usui claimed he had a spiritual experience, which enabled him to heal with his own hands by becoming aware of and tapping into the universal life force. After that, he dedicated his life to helping the sick and poor. His reputation grew as he healed sick people for many years in Kyoto, Japan. Before his death, Usui passed on his healing insights using universal life energy to Dr. Chujiru Hayashi, a close acquaintance. Hayashi, in turn, passed on the healing techniques in 1938 to Hawayo Takata, a Japanese woman from Hawaii, whom he had cured of life-threatening illness using reiki methods. Takata became a firm believer and proponent of reiki, and during the 1970s formed an initiation program for training reiki masters to preserve Usui's teachings. Before she died, she prepared her granddaughter, Phyllis Lei Furumoto, to continue the lineage. Takata had personally trained 21 practitioners before she died at the age of 80 in 1980. Along with other reiki masters authorized by Takata, Furumoto formed the reiki Alliance. A faction led by Barbara Ray, formed the American Reiki Association, which was known as Radiance Technique Association International. Today, there are over 1,000 reiki masters practicing around the world, whose methods can all be traced back directly to Dr. Usui. [PAR] The basic philosophy of reiki [PAR] The basic concept underlying reiki is that the body has an energy field that is central to its health and proper functioning, and this energy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Uncategorized | i love english literature | Page 2 Uncategorized | i love english literature | Page 2 [PAR] i love english literature [PAR] October 3, 2011 Leave a comment [PAR] Orphan Pip\u2019s rise through society thanks to his mysterious benefactor wins poll by comfortable margin [PAR] Jean Simmons, Martita Hunt and Anthony Wager in David Lean\u2019s 1946 film of Great Expectations. Photograph: Sportsphoto Ltd/Allstar [PAR] The author himself might have preferred David Copperfield, but Guardian readers have voted for Great Expectations as their favourite Charles Dickens novel. [PAR] Pip\u2019s adventures won 24.9% of the reader poll , well ahead of the second-placed Bleak House with 16.9%. David Copperfield, which Dickens called his \u201cfavourite child\u201d, was third with 9.2% of the vote. [PAR] From its famous opening in the graveyard, when the orphan Pip first encounters the shackled convict Magwitch, \u201ca fearful man, all in coarse gray, with a great iron on his leg\u201d, through his meetings with the bitter Miss Havisham and the cold Estella, and his rise through society thanks to a mysterious benefactor, Great Expectations is, said voter gavinscottw, \u201cnot only \u2013 as others have observed \u2013 formally the most ingenious of the novels \u2013 but perhaps Dickens\u2019s most morally angry work\u201d. [PAR] Others were less impressed by the novel, and put its popularity down to the fact that \u201cpeople are made to read it in school, so it\u2019s the only one they\u2019ve read\u201d, said VaneWimsey, an Our Mutual Friend supporter. \u201cIt\u2019s sooo thin and long-drawn-out. And Estella is just plain nasty. Don\u2019t know what Pip sees in her. First crush, maybe \u2026 great love of anyone\u2019s life, no way.\u201d [PAR] Great Expectations\u2019 place on school reading lists can\u2019t be the only reason for its triumph, however, with the school perennial Oliver Twist only picking up 4.6% of the readers\u2019 votes. Pip\u2019s place in readers\u2019 affections was also attributed to the wealth of film and television adaptations which have been made of the novel over the years. A new version from BBC One starring David Suchet as Jaggers, Ray Winstone as Magwitch and Gillian Anderson as Miss Havisham is out for Christmas, and a new film adapted by One Day novelist David Nicholls starring Helena Bonham Carter as Miss Havisham and Ralph Fiennes as Magwitch is due to start shooting shortly. [PAR] \u201cI suspect that\u2019s one reason why Great Expectations is such a popular novel. Readers grow up with it,\u201d wrote Robert Douglas-Fairhurst in the Guardian . \u201cIt\u2019s probably also why so many of them sympathise with Pip, whose narrative voice involves the perspective of a wide-eyed child coming up against that of his wiser, sadder adult self. Anyone who first reads the story as a child and returns to it in later years is likely to feel a similar mixture of nostalgia and relief. But it isn\u2019t only individual readers who have grown up with Great Expectations. Our culture has too. Dickens once claimed that David Copperfield was his \u2018favourite child\u2019 and that Great Expectations was a close second. It\u2019s no coincidence that both novels are about how easily children can be warped or damaged, but of the two it is the shorter, sharper Great Expectations that has aged better.\u201d [PAR] Despite a glowing user review from Jane Smiley , which saw the Pulitzer prize-winning author call it \u201cone of my two or three favourite novels of all time\u201d, praising its \u201cmagical\u201d prose and \u201cperfect blending of story and style\u201d, Our Mutual Friend only picked up 6.5% of readers\u2019 votes. \u201cWhere\u2019s the love for Our Mutual Friend?\u201d asked voter VaneWimsey, describing the author\u2019s final"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Klaxons on Apple Music - iTunes Klaxons on Apple Music [PAR] To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. [PAR] Biography [PAR] The London-based Klaxons feature the combined talents of Jamie Reynolds, James Righton, and Simon Taylor. Despite being a rock band at the core, Klaxons are heavily influenced by dance music, particularly the late-'80s/early-'90s U.K. rave movement. (Reynolds has even dubbed his band \"nu-rave\" to further emphasize the inspiration.) By the time Klaxons released their second low-key single, they had become a favorite of publications such as NME and wound up signing with Polydor Records. As the group set to work on its first album, the Modular label issued a brief singles compilation entitled Xan Valleys in late 2006. Myths of the Near Future, the full-length debut, was then released in early 2007 on both sides of the Atlantic. That same year, Myths of the Near Future won the coveted Mercury Prize. In 2008, Klaxons began work recording new songs. Purportedly, the band's label Polydor felt the songs were too experimental and rejected the album. Subsequently, Klaxons did re-record the album with producer Ross Robinson. In 2010, Klaxons released the material as its sophomore effort Surfing the Void. ~ Andy Kellman [PAR] Top Albums"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Crime Fiction Kings Behind Ellery Queen | The Lineup The Crime Fiction Kings Behind Ellery Queen | The Lineup [PAR] Promoted by Open Road Media [PAR] The Crime Fiction Kings Behind Ellery Queen [PAR] Two boys from Brooklyn create one of the toughest sleuths of crime fiction's Golden Age. [PAR] StumbleUpon stumbles [PAR] Legendary editor Otto Penzler of Mysterious Press believes, \u201cafter Poe, I think it\u2019s true that Ellery Queen was the most significant and important writer of mystery fiction in America.\u201d [PAR] Ellery Queen was actually the pen name of two cousins, Frederic Dannay (1905\u20131982) and Manfred B. Lee (1905\u20131971), as well as the name of their most famous detective. Born in Brooklyn, they spent forty-two years writing and editing under the pseudonym, gaining a reputation as the foremost American authors of the Golden Age \u201cfair play\u201d mystery. Besides producing multiple Queen novels \u2013 including Calamity Town and The Greek Coffin Mystery \u2013 Dannay and Lee co-founded Ellery Queen\u2019s Mystery Magazine, one of the most influential crime publications of all time. [PAR] In this video, Penzler and the authors\u2019 sons, Richard Dannay and Rand Lee, speak about the enduring influence of the Ellery Queen mystery series. [PAR] Book Genre:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] quetsch - Wiktionary quetsch - Wiktionary [PAR] quetsch [PAR] A variety of plum having dark-skinned fruit [PAR] A liqueur made from the fruit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deliverance (1972) - IMDb Deliverance (1972) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Doctor Strange Confirmed to Appear in \u2018Thor: Ragnarok\u2019 [PAR] 23 hours ago [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Intent on seeing the Cahulawassee River before it's turned into one huge lake, outdoor fanatic Lewis Medlock takes his friends on a river-rafting trip they'll never forget into the dangerous American back-country. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 24 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Deliverance \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 2 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Two counterculture bikers travel from Los Angeles to New Orleans in search of America. [PAR] Director: Dennis Hopper [PAR] A paranoid, secretive surveillance expert has a crisis of conscience when he suspects that a couple he is spying on will be murdered. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] A young American and his English wife come to rural England and face increasingly vicious local harassment. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] When a mad man calling himself 'the Scorpio Killer' menaces the city, tough as nails San Francisco Police Inspector Harry Callahan is assigned to track down and ferret out the crazed psychopath. [PAR] Director: Don Siegel [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The Cahulawassee River valley in Northern Georgia is one of the last natural pristine areas of the state, which will soon change with the imminent building of a dam on the river, which in turn will flood much of the surrounding land. As such, four Atlanta city slickers - alpha male Lewis Medlock, generally even-keeled Ed Gentry, slightly condescending Bobby Trippe, and wide-eyed Drew Ballinger - decide to take a multi-day canoe trip on the river, with only Lewis and Ed having experience in outdoor life. They know going in that the area is ethno-culturally homogeneous and isolated, but don't understand the full extent of such until they arrive and see what they believe is the result of generations of inbreeding. Their relatively peaceful trip takes a turn for the worse when half way through they encounter a couple of hillbilly moonshiners. That encounter not only makes the four battle their way out of the valley intact and alive, but threatens the relationships of the four as they do ... Written by Huggo [PAR] Four men ride a wild river. A weekend turns into a nightmare. See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 20 September 1972 (France) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Beim Sterben ist jeder der Erste See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)| Mono (35 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] According to director John Boorman , the gas station attendant's jig during \"Dueling Banjos\" was unscripted and spontaneous. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goodbye Zoom-Zoom, Driving Matters is Mazda's new slogan ... Goodbye Zoom-Zoom, Driving Matters is Mazda's new slogan [w/video] - Autoblog [PAR] Goodbye Zoom-Zoom, Driving Matters is Mazda's new slogan [w/video] [PAR] Chris Bruce [PAR] Timed with the launch of the 2016 MX-5 Miata , Mazda is now changing gears with its advertising strategy in the US by launching a whole new slogan. The Japanese brand's latest marketing motto takes a much more direct approach than Zoom-Zoom by simply saying Driving Matters. The two-word phrase is meant to make customers believe that a good time behind the wheel can improve their lives. [PAR] Driving Matters is also supposed to say something about how Mazda engineers vehicles. \"Whether it's for safety purposes or for maintaining our 'fun to drive' nature, it all comes down to the fact that driving matters to our customers and it matters to us.\" Russell Wager, vice president of marketing at Mazda North American Operations, said in the announcement of the new campaign. [PAR] However, Zoom-Zoom isn't entirely dead, and the words still appear in small print in some of these spots. According to Wager in an interview with Automotive News, the old slogan isn't necessarily understandable to some focus groups . \"I'll ask them to explain to me what 'Zoom Zoom' means, and I'll get 6 or 7 different answers. That's what Driving Matters is supposed to address. It's supposed to solidify what 'Zoom Zoom' means to people,\" he said. [PAR] So far, the company has released several examples of the campaign to highlight the Miata and Mazda6. At the same time, Mazda is launching a new commercial (embedded below) called A Driver's Life that showcases many of its models but puts a big emphasis on the MX-5. [PAR] Show full PR text [PAR] Mazda Launches All-New Advertising Campaign, \"Driving Matters\" [PAR] - New Campaign Communicates How the Joy of Driving Can Enhance Your Life - [PAR] IRVINE, Calif. (May 21, 2015) \u2013The Oxford Dictionary defines \"driving\" as, \"operating and controlling the direction and speed of a motor vehicle.\" Mazda believes that driving is more than a definition. Driving is an experience that can enhance your life. To better illustrate how every Mazda vehicle embodies why \"Driving Matters,\" today Mazda North American Operations (MNAO) is rolling out a new advertising campaign. [PAR] Driving Matters is an evolution of the Game Changers campaign. With Game Changers, Mazda succeeded in increasing consumer awareness of the functional attributes of our vehicles. Driving Matters will extend the message by creating an emotional connection to the brand. [PAR] \"Through the Driving Matters campaign, consumers will get a glimpse at why driving matters so much to Mazda and why we obsess over every detail in designing our cars,\" said Russell Wager, vice president of marketing, MNAO. \"Whether it's for safety purposes or for maintaining our 'fun to drive' nature, it all comes down to the fact that driving matters to our customers and it matters to us.\" [PAR] Mazda's all-new Driving Matters campaign will showcase various aspects of what makes the driving experience so important. Through Mazda's advance technologies and design, the campaign will dive into the importance of vehicle safety, good-looks, fuel efficiency and the fun-to- drive personality of Mazda cars. The engineering and design that goes behind each car in Mazda's lineup epitomizes the enhancement driving has on a person's life. [PAR] The campaign will launch with \"A Driver's Life,\" which chronicles the major moments and life stages in a driver's life, like getting a license and buying your first car, through raising a family and obtaining your \"reward\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many rings are on the Olympic flag? | Reference.com How many rings are on the Olympic flag? | Reference.com [PAR] How many rings are on the Olympic flag? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The Olympic flag has five interlocking rings on a white background. The rings represent the union of the nations of the five continental areas \u2013 North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia and their athlete delegates at the games. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In 1913, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, suggested an official Olympic flag to symbolize the peace and unity of international athletic competition. The flag was first introduced at the seventh Olympic Games in 1920. The white background and the blue, yellow, black, green and red ring colors were chosen to represent at least one color from each country's national flag.[DOC] [TLE] What do the five rings on the Olympic flag mean ... What do the five rings on the Olympic flag mean? | Reference.com [PAR] What do the five rings on the Olympic flag mean? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The five rings on the Olympic flag signify the five inhabited regions that participate in the Olympics. These include Asia, Australia, Europe, Africa, and North and South America as one region. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The colors of the Olympic rings are black, green, red, yellow and blue. Each color of the five rings does not correspond to any one specific region, but rather symbolizes the joining of all these regions as collective members of the Olympic Movement. The Olympic rings are hung on flags for decorative displays around each summer and winter Olympic game hosting grounds. [PAR] Strict rules apply to the reproduction of the rings. For example, when a hosting city creates a copyrighted emblem for display and sale, the Olympic rings cannot make up more than one-third of the total area of the emblem. The emblem cannot contain any alterations to the original design, which must appear in its entirety. Another specific rule concerning the duplication of the rings states that no certain colors in the rings are allowed to appear above or below any other colors in the rings. Finally, the original colors of the rings must appear on light backgrounds. If a dark background is used, the color substitutions of the rings must include monochromatic white, gray, yellow, gold, silver or bronze."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pierre de Coubertin, Founder of the Modern Olympics Pierre de Coubertin, Founder of the Modern Olympics [PAR] By Robert McNamara [PAR] Updated August 16, 2016. [PAR] Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, was a most unlikely sports hero. A French aristocrat, he became fixated on physical education in the 1880s as he became convinced that athletic prowess could save his nation from military humiliation. [PAR] His campaign to promote athletic activities began as a lonely crusade. But it slowly gained support among advocates of athletics in Europe and America. And Coubertin was able to organize the first modern Olympics in Athens in 1896. [PAR] Athletics Became Popular In the Late 1800s [PAR] The role of athletics in life had taken on a major role throughout the 1800s, after a long period when society was essentially indifferent to sports, or, actually considered sports to be a frivolous diversion. [PAR] Scientists began touting athletics as a way of improving health, and organized athletic endeavors, such as baseball leagues in the United States, became very popular. [PAR] In France, the upper classes indulged in sports, and young Pierre de Coubertin participated in rowing, boxing, \u200band fencing. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Creation of the Modern Olympic Games [PAR] Early Life of Pierre de Coubertin [PAR] Born on January 1, 1863, in Paris, Pierre Fredy, Baron de Coubertin was eight years old when he witnessed the defeat of his homeland in the Franco-Prussian War. He came to believe that his nation\u2019s lack of physical education for the masses contributed to the defeat at the hands of Prussians led by Otto von Bismarck . [PAR] In his youth, Coubertin was also fond of reading British novels for boys which stressed the importance of physical strength. The idea formed in Coubertin\u2019s mind that the French educational system was too intellectual. What was desperately needed in France, Coubertin believed, was a strong component of physical education. [PAR] Traveled and Studied Athletics [PAR] A small item in the New York Times in December 1889 mentioned Coubertin visiting the campus of Yale University. \u201cHis object in coming to this country,\u201d reported the newspaper, \u201cis to make himself thoroughly acquainted with the management of athletics at American colleges and thereby to devise some means of interesting the students at the French University in athletics.\u201d [PAR] In the 1880s and early 1890s Coubertin actually made several trips to America and a dozen trips to England to study the administration of athletics. The French government was impressed with his work, and commissioned him to hold \"athletic congresses,\" which featured events such as horseback riding, fencing, and track and field. [PAR] The Founder of the Modern Olympics [PAR] The ambitious plans of Coubertin to revitalize the educational system of France never really materialized, but his travels began to inspire him with a far more ambitious plan. He began thinking about having countries compete in athletic events based on the Olympic festivals of ancient Greece. [PAR] In 1892, at a jubilee of the French Union of Athletic Sports Societies, Coubertin introduced the idea of a modern Olympics. His idea was fairly vague, and it seems that even Coubertin himself did not have a clear idea what form such games would take. [PAR] Two years later, Coubertin organized a meeting which brought together 79 delegates from 12 countries to discuss how to revive the Olympic games. The meeting established the first International Olympic Committee, and the basic framework of having the games every four years, with the first to take place in Greece, was decided upon. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic torch for Rio games lit at ancient Greek site ... Olympic torch for Rio games lit at ancient Greek site - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Olympic torch for Rio games lit at ancient Greek site [PAR] 21 April 2016 [PAR] Media captionThe flame was lit by the sun's rays during a ceremony [PAR] The flame for the Olympic Games in Brazil has been lit in southern Greece. [PAR] An actor performing the role of high priestess lit the torch by using the sun's rays. [PAR] The torch will be taken by various runners on an international relay that will culminate at the opening ceremony in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August. [PAR] The ritual was established 80 years ago for the Berlin Games, based on a ceremony in Ancient Olympia where games were held for more than 1,000 years. [PAR] Actor Katerina Lehou, who lit the torch, offered a mock prayer to Apollo, the old Greek god of light and music, at Thursday's ceremony. [PAR] Wearing a long pleated robe, she knelt solemnly to the ground and lit the torch within a few seconds by using a concave mirror to catch the sunlight. [PAR] Image copyright Reuters [PAR] Image caption The flame was passed on by Ms Lehou to Greek gymnast Eleftherios Petrounias [PAR] Image copyright Reuters [PAR] Image caption The flame lighting ceremony was accompanied by choreography from priestesses [PAR] Image copyright Reuters [PAR] Image caption Thursday's ceremony marks the 80th anniversary of the torch relay [PAR] Image copyright AP [PAR] Image caption The relay, which did not exist in the ancient Greek Olympics, was introduced by the Nazi organisers of the 1936 Berlin Games [PAR] She then delivered the flame to Greek world gymnastics champion Eleftherios Petrounias, the first runner in a torch relay that will conclude at the opening ceremony in Rio's Maracana Stadium. [PAR] The chief organiser of the Games, Carlos Nuzman, promised to \"deliver history\". He said the Olympics would unite Brazil, which is beset by political and economic crises. [PAR] \"[The torch lighting] brings a message that can and will unite our dear Brazil, a country that is suffering much more than it deserves in its quest for a brighter future,\" he said in his speech. [PAR] Brazil President Dilma Rousseff was forced to cancel her trip to ancient Olympia because of the impeachment threat she faces . [PAR] International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach said the flame was \"a timeless reminder that we are all part of the same humanity\" despite the difficulties that Brazil is facing. [PAR] \"Rio de Janeiro... will provide a spectacle to showcase the best of the human spirit. In just a few weeks the Brazilian people will enthusiastically welcome the world and amaze us with their joy of life and their passion for sport,\" he said. [PAR] Before the flame arrives in South America it will begin a six-day relay across Greece, passing through the town of Marathon - which gave its name to the long distance race - as well as a camp for refugees and migrants in Athens, the International Olympic Committee has said. [PAR] The flame is due to arrive in Brazil on 3 May for a relay across the country, travelling through hundreds of cities and villages in every Brazilian state. [PAR] It will be carried by about 12,000 torch bearers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1960 4c 8th Winter Olympic Games for sale at Mystic Stamp ... 1960 4c 8th Winter Olympic Games for sale at Mystic Stamp Company [PAR] 1960 4\u00a2 Olympic Winter Games [PAR] [PAR] Issue Date: February 18, 1960 [PAR] City: Olympic Valley, California [PAR] Printed By: Bureau of Engraving and Printing [PAR] Printing Method: Rotary Press [PAR] Perforations: 10 \u00bd x 11 [PAR] Color: Dull blue [PAR] [PAR] U.S. # 1146 honors the 1960 Winter Olympics held in Squaw Valley, California. All covers were postmarked \u201cOlympic Valley, California\u201d \u2013 which was a station for the Tahoe City Post Office. The station had been established specifically to handle visitors to the Olympic games. [PAR] [PAR] In an earlier version of the 1980 \u201cMiracle on Ice,\u201d the U.S. Men\u2019s hockey team upset gold medal favorite Canada, the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia, to win the gold medal. Another highlight of the games was Norwegian skater Knut Johannessen, who broke the world record in the 10,000-meter race by a large margin."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games - Ancient History Encyclopedia Olympic Games - Ancient History Encyclopedia [PAR] Olympic Games [PAR] by Mark Cartwright [PAR] published on 23 May 2013 [PAR] The ancient Olympic Games were a sporting event held every four years at the sacred site of Olympia , in the western Peloponnese , in honour of Zeus , the supreme god of Greek religion . Involving participants and spectators from all over Greece and even beyond, the Games were the most important cultural event in ancient Greece and were held from 776 BCE to 393 CE, a run of 293 consecutive Olympiads. [PAR] Origins of the Games [PAR] Sporting events were originally associated with funeral rituals, particularly those of heroes and the fallen in battle , for example, the games for Patroklos in Homer \u2019s Iliad. At Olympia, in particular, some mythological accounts credit Zeus with beginning the Games to celebrate his victory over Kronos whilst other accounts state the hero Pelops began them in honour of Oinomaos. In any case, sport, a healthy body and the competitive spirit were a large part of Greek education and so it is hardly surprising that organised athletic competitions would at some point be created, as they had been in the earlier Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. [PAR] Remove Ads [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The first Olympics were held from 776 BCE at the first full moon after the summer solstice (around the middle of July) in honour of Zeus. The winner of the first and only event, the stadion foot-race was Koroibos of Elis and from then on every victor was recorded and each Olympiad named after them, thus giving us the first accurate chronology of the ancient Greek world. An Olympiad was not only the name of the event itself but also of the period between games. During a three month pan - Hellenic truce, athletes and as many as 40,000 spectators came from all over Greece to participate in the Games at Olympia. Later, other games would be organised at other sacred sites such as Delphi , Isthmia and Nemea but the Olympian Games would remain the most prestigious. [PAR] The Games started with a procession which went from the host town of Elis to Olympia, led by the Hellanodikai (judges) and on arrival at Olympia all athletes and officials swore an oath to follow the established rules of the competitions and to compete with honour and respect. The most important religious ceremony of the event was the sacrifice of 100 oxen, known as the hecatomb, at the altar of Zeus, carried out when the sporting events were over. [PAR] The Spectators [PAR] Heralds (spondophoroi) were sent from Elis to advertise the coming of the Games across Greece. Spectators came from not only the Greek mainland but also the islands, Ionia and Magna Graecia . To facilitate the movement of spectators and athletes and in respect of the religious importance of the Games a sacred truce (ekecheiria) was called across Greece. Initially, the truce was for one month but in later centuries it was extended to three. No wars were permitted, no arms could be carried in the territory of Elis and no hindrance was to be given to any spectator, athlete or theoriai - (the official missions representing particular cities ) travelling to the games from wherever they came from and whichever territory they had to cross. [PAR] Remove Ads [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The site of Olympia must have been positively buzzing during a Games with mass crowds of excited spectators staying in make-shift camp sites (only later was accommodation provided for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRAINING FOR THE DECATHLON - Coachr.org TRAINING FOR THE DECATHLON [PAR] DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING FOR THE DECATHLON [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] 1. What is the Decathlon (Overview) [PAR] The decathlon consists of ten track & field events that are contested over a two day period. The competition is [PAR] separated into two days of competition. The first day consists of the 100 meters, long jump, shot put, high jump and 400 meters in that order. The second day includes the 110 meter high hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin and 1500 meter run. [PAR] The second day is always the most demanding because it is the most technical day and the athlete is tired [PAR] from the first days events. The decathlon does not really start until the second day because any good athlete [PAR] can do well on the first day but only a decathlete can do well over two days. The second day separates the [PAR] men from the boys. [PAR] The multi event athlete must possess or attain the following characteristics in order to be successful: [PAR] 1. MUSCULAR STRENGTH (Power) -Work per unit time (anaerobic strength) [PAR] EXAMPLES: Weight training (4x5 reps), Multi throws, Medicine Ball, Multi Jumps (Plyos) [PAR] 2. MUSCULAR ENDURANCE -The ability to sustain muscular contraction over a period of time (sustained aerobic work) [PAR] EXAMPLES: Weight training (3x12 reps), Circuit training, repeat stairs, repeat hills, 10x200m [PAR] 3. CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE -Efficient utilization of oxygen over a sustained period of time. [PAR] EXAMPLES: 3 mile runs, 4x800 meters, 8x400 meters [PAR] [PAR] 4. FLEXIBILITY -Enables the body's lever system to apply force over an increased range of motion. Athletic performance will be enhanced, plus the incidence of injury will be reduced. [PAR] EXAMPLES: Proprioceptive Neurological Facilitation (PNF), Dynamic stretches, Sprint drills [PAR] 5. NEUROMUSCULAR (Technique) -The coordination of specific movements into a motor pattern to enhance the body's ability to efficiently apply force. This aspect is the most important to an athlete because without technique there is no performance. This part of the athlete takes the longest to train and should have the first priority of the beginning decathlete. [PAR] 6. PSYCHOLOGICAL -An on-going positive mental outlook, which includes discipline, determination, [PAR] aggressiveness, desire, perseverance, and positive self-image. You can have all of the above listed qualities [PAR] (1-5) but if you are not mentally committed you will have a short career. I have come across many better natural athletes than me over the years but I have beaten the majority (99%) of them because they have lacked the desire to be great. [PAR] 2. How to train the beginning Decathlete [PAR] As I stated above, technique is the most important thing the young decathlete should concentrate on. It does no good to be strong, fast and have great jumping ability if you do not know how to use it. I would strongly suggest starting to learn the second days techniques on a 2-1 ratio with the first days techniques. The hurdles, discus and pole vault are the three events that have the most effect on the other events as explained below. [PAR] HURDLES [PAR] The hurdles directly help the decathlete in the 100 meters by developing a consistent stride pattern between and over each hurdle. The hurdles are essentially ten mini sprints to each hurdle. It also reinforces proper running technique by teaching the athlete to run tall with proper posture. Hurdles and hurdle drills also help develop the hip flexor muscles along with the hamstrings and glutes. These muscles are the most important in sprint development. [PAR] [PAR] The hurdles help"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marathon - Ancient History Encyclopedia Marathon - Ancient History Encyclopedia [PAR] Marathon [PAR] by Mark Cartwright [PAR] published on 19 May 2013 [PAR] The Battle on the plain of Marathon in September 490 BCE between Greeks and the invading forces of Persian King Darius was a victory which would go down in folklore as the moment the Greek city -states showed the world their courage and excellence and won their liberty. Although in reality the battle only delayed the Persians in their imperialistic ambitions and greater battles would follow, Marathon was the first time that mighty Persia had been shown beatable and the battle would be represented in Greek art - literature , sculpture, architecture, and pottery - as a crucial and defining moment in the history of Greece . [PAR] The Persian Empire [PAR] Persia, under the rule of Darius (r. 522-486 BCE), was already expanding into mainland Europe and had subjugated Ionia , Thrace, and Macedonia by the beginning of the 5th century BCE. Next in king Darius\u2019 sights were Athens and the rest of Greece. Just why Greece was coveted by Persia is unclear. Wealth and resources seem an unlikely motive; other more plausible suggestions include the need to increase the prestige of the king at home or to quell once and for all a collection of potentially troublesome rebel states on the western border of the empire. The Ionian rebellion, the symbolic offering of earth and water in submission to the Persian satrap in 508 BCE, and the attack by Athens and Eretria on the city of Sardis in 499 BCE had not been forgotten either. [PAR] Whatever the exact motives, in 491 BCE Darius once again sent envoys to call for the Greeks\u2019 submission to Persian rule. The Greeks sent a no-nonsense reply by executing the envoys, and Athens and Sparta promised to form an alliance for the defence of Greece. Darius\u2019 response to this diplomatic outrage was to launch a naval force of 600 ships and 25,000 men to attack the Cyclades and Euboea, leaving the Persians just one step away from the rest of Greece. However, the invaders would meet their match in 490 BCE when the Greek forces led by Athens gathered at the plain of Marathon to defend their country from foreign subjugation. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The Persian Army [PAR] Overall command of the Persian army was in the hands of Datis as Darius did not lead the invasion in person. Second-in-command was Artaphernes, Darius\u2019 nephew, who perhaps led the Persian cavalry. The total strength of the Persian army is unclear, but judging by the number of ships there may have been some 90,000 men. The actual number of fighting men may have been two baivarabam units or 20,000-25,000 men. Most of these were archers with perhaps another 2,000 strong cavalry force. The Persian army actually came from various states across the empire but the Persians and Sakai were acknowledged as the best fighting units. [PAR] The Greek Army [PAR] The Greeks were led by either the Athenian Polemarch Kallimachos (also spelt Callimachus) or Miltiades who had actually fought under Darius in the latter\u2019s campaign in Scythia and so had valuable military intelligence of Persian tactics. The 1,000 Plataeans were commanded by Arimnestos and the Athenians fielded some 9,000 hoplites. The total force is estimated between 10,000 and 20,000 but was probably nearer the lower figure. [PAR] Hoplites v Archers [PAR] The Persians could field superior numbers and their reputation was formidable. [PAR] The two opposing armies were essentially representative of the two approaches to Classical warfare - the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All-Time Olympic Games Medal Tally (Summer Olympics) All-Time Olympic Games Medal Tally Analysis [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > Medal Tally > All-Time [PAR] All-Time Olympic Games Medal Tally (Summer Olympics) [PAR] Which country is the most successful at he Olympic Games? Here are the top ranked countries in terms of total medals won when all of the summer Games are considered (including the 2016 Rio Games). There are two tables presented, the first just lists the top countries based on the total medals won, the second table factors in how many Olympic Games the country appeared, averaging the total number of medals per Olympiad. A victory in a team sport is counted as one medal. [PAR] The USA Has Won the Most Medals [PAR] The US have clearly won the most gold medals and the most medals overall, more than doubling the next ranked country (these figures include medals won in Rio 2016). Second placed USSR had fewer appearances at the Olympics, and actually won more medals on average (see the 2nd table). The top 10 includes one country no longer in existence (the Soviet Union), so their medal totals will obviously not increase, however China is expected to continue a rapid rise up the ranks. With the addition of the 2016 data, China has moved up from 11th (in 2008) to 9th (2012) to 7th (2016). The country which has attended the most games without a medal is Monaco (20 Olympic Games), the country which has won the most medals without winning a gold medal is Malaysia (0 gold, 7 silver, 4 bronze). [PAR] rank[DOC] [TLE] Most medals won at the Summer Olympics (country ... Most medals won at the Summer Olympics (country) | Guinness World Records [PAR] Most medals won at the Summer Olympics (country) [PAR] Share [PAR] When [PAR] from 1896 to 2016 [PAR] The most medals won at the Summer Olympics by a country is 2,520, achieved by USA from 1896 to 2016. [PAR] The USA have won 1,022 golds, 794 silver and 704 bronze medals. [PAR] All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. (You will be need to register / login for access)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hop, step and jump - definition of Hop, step and jump by ... Hop, step and jump - definition of Hop, step and jump by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Hop, step and jump - definition of Hop, step and jump by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Hop%2c+step+and+jump [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to Hop, step and jump: triple jump [PAR] triple jump [PAR] n. [PAR] A distance jump in track and field consisting of a hop landing on the take-off foot, a stride landing on the other foot, and a jump landing on both feet. [PAR] triple jump [PAR] n [PAR] (Athletics (Track & Field)) an athletic event in which the competitor has to perform successively a hop, a step, and a jump in continuous movement. Also called: hop, step, and jump [PAR] tri\u2032ple jump\u2032 [PAR] n. [PAR] (in track and field) a jumping event for distance in which a participant leaps on one foot from a takeoff point, lands on the same foot, steps forward on the other foot, leaps, and lands on both feet. Also called hop, step, and jump. [PAR] [1960\u201365]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 historic Winter Olympic wonderlands - CNN.com 10 historic Winter Olympic wonderlands - CNN.com [PAR] 10 historic Winter Olympic wonderlands [PAR] By Leslie Gilbert Elman, Special to CNN [PAR] Updated 3:01 PM ET, Tue February 4, 2014 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Chamonix, France -- 1924 \u2013 In the first Winter Olympics, Canadian ice hockey team the Toronto Granites beat the United States 6-1 in the final round to take the gold medal. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Lake Placid, New York -- 1932 \u2013 Skaters prepare for the start of the men's 10,000-meter speed skating event in Lake Placid, New York, in 1932. Irving Jaffee of the United States won the gold, with Ivar Ballangrud of Norway and Frank Stack of Canada taking silver and bronze, respectively. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] St. Moritz, Switzerland -- 1948 \u2013 Spectators gather to watch the opening ceremony of the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Oslo, Norway -- 1952 \u2013 An Olympic ski jumper takes flight at the Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, in 1952. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Innsbruck, Austria -- 1964 \u2013 Unidentified athletes participate in the luge event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Sapporo, Japan -- 1972 \u2013 Norwegian Magnar Solberg shoots targets during practice for the biathlon (20-kilometer cross-country ski race and rifle shooting) in Makomanai, near Sapporo, Japan. Solberg won the gold medal in the event four years after becoming an Olympic champion in Grenoble, France. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Innsbruck, Austria -- 1976 \u2013 Austrian skier Franz Klammer is all smiles after winning the men's downhill during the Winter Olympics in Innsbruck. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Lake Placid, New York -- 1980 \u2013 The U.S. hockey team celebrates its 4-3 victory over the Soviet Union at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid in a game dubbed \"the Miracle on Ice.\" The United States went on to win the gold medal by defeating Finland 4-2. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Calgary, Alberta -- 1988 \u2013 The Soviet Union's Irina Kusakina competes in the women's luge event at the 1988 Winter Games in Calgary, Alberta. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Albertville, France -- 1992 \u2013 Paul Duchesnay and sister Isabelle Duchesnay-Dean of France perform their routine during the compulsory dance section of the ice dancing competition in Albertville in 1992. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 10 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Salt Lake City -- 2002 \u2013 From left, Italian Fabio Carta, American Apolo Anton Ohno, Australian Mark McNee, Hungarian Kornel Szanto and Britain's Nicky Gooch skate during the men's 1,500-meter short-track heats in Salt Lake City in 2002. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 11 of 12 [PAR] Photos: Winter Olympics past [PAR] Vancouver, British Columbia -- 2010 \u2013 Canadians Sidney Crosby, left, and Scott Niedermayer celebrate as their team wins the gold against the United States in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Winter Olympics venues past offer speed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most 10 scores at Olympics: world record set by Nadia Comaneci Most 10 scores at Olympics: world record set by Nadia Comaneci [PAR] July 18, 2008 [PAR] Most 10 scores at Olympics: world record set by Nadia Comaneci [PAR] [July 18] MONTREAL, Canada--With a total of seven perfect ten scores at Montreal 1976 Games, Olympic legend Nadia Comaneci set a world record for the most 10 scores at a single edition of the Olympic Games. She captured the hearts of the world and became the first gymnast in history to know what it's like to be perfect- setting also the world record for the first award of a score of perfect 10 at an Olympics Games gymnastic event. [PAR] World Record Academy will send to Nadia a special Gold-Sealed World Record Certificate and her name will be listed for ever in all our future Book of World Recordss. July 18 is also declared by the Records Academy as the World's Records Day, a day to remember one of the most beautiful evolution in the history of Olympics. [PAR] Before 1976, no male or female had ever received a perfect score in any Olympic gymnastics event. And then came Nadia Comaneci, all 4-foot-11, 86 pounds of her. [PAR] The 14-year-old Romanian dazzled the judges in Montreal to the point where they couldn't help but give her a perfect 10. [PAR] And they didn't stop there, for not only did Comaneci receive the first perfect score, she then proceeded to get six more! ABC Television set her performance to music, using a theme from a popular American soap opera, and the song was eventually renamed \"Nadia's Theme\". [PAR] Times magazine posted huge photo of Nadia in front cover page, \"She's Perfect!\" with a very small photo of the the first photo of Mars... 14 years old Nadia Comaneci became the only person shown in the cover page of Time, Newsweek and Sports Illustrated magainzes at the same time, not to mentioned millions of press and magazines covers around the world. [PAR] The record breaking moment came with Comaneci's performance on the uneven bars. However, the judging equipment was not equipped to display the four digits of a 10.00 score, so the scoreboard simply showed 1.00. [PAR] The crowd soon understood the meaning of the score when the announcer declared, \"Ladies and gentleman, for the first time in Olympic history, Nadia Comaneci has received the score of a perfect ten,\" reported Septima Green in Top 10 Women Gymnasts.The perfect gymnast bitting the perfect machine! [PAR] Nadia Comaneci earned a total of seven perfect ten scores at those Olympic Games. She won three gold medals for the all-around competition, uneven bars, and balance beam. She also won a silver medal for the team competition and a bronze medal for the floor exercise. [PAR] Four of her seven perfect scores, including the first one, came on the uneven bars, which as you might imagine, was one of the three events Comaneci struck gold. But it was on the balance beam that she truly showed off her skill. The beam is considered one of the most difficult Olympic events, with gymnasts performing pirouettes and backflips on a beam measuring just four inches across. All Nadia did was record three more perfect scores and her second gold medal. [PAR] Comaneci became the first Romanian to win the all-around title and she was also the youngest all-around champion at 14 years old. [PAR] Once Comaneci broke the barrier, it became easier over the years. Then, after the 1992 Olympics, those 10s disappeared. Not one has been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Marathon\u2019s Accidental Route to 26 Miles 385 Yards ... The Marathon\u2019s Accidental Route to 26 Miles 385 Yards - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Sports |The Marathon\u2019s Random Route to Its Length [PAR] Search [PAR] The Marathon\u2019s Random Route to Its Length [PAR] JER\u00c9 LONGMAN [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] London [PAR] At the Summer Olympics, the marathon will be the only foot race measured by the standard system instead of the metric system. [PAR] And yet the precise distance of 26 miles 385 yards is entirely random, established at the 1908 London Games at least in part as an accommodation to the British royal family, not as an adherence to historical imperative. [PAR] When the modern Olympics began in Athens in 1896, a race of 40 kilometers, or 24.85 miles, was held to commemorate the legend of Pheidippides . He is the messenger who is said to have run from Marathon to Athens to announce a Greek victory over the Persians at the Battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. And to have promptly died. [PAR] The 1900 Olympic marathon in Paris covered just over 25 miles, and the 1904 Olympic marathon in St. Louis returned to the distance of 24.85 miles. This was more like cooking than civil engineering. Race directors designed their courses by a sense of feel, not by a fastidious recipe. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] In Paris, according to David Wallechinsky\u2019s \u201cThe Complete Book of the Olympics,\u201d the route was so badly marked that some runners veered off course and had to share the road with bicyclists, automobiles, recreational runners and the occasional animal. One of the favorites stopped for a beer early in the race and dropped out. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] The 1908 London Games established what is now the customary distance of the marathon. The exact reasons are in dispute, myth intertwining like a vine with fact over the past century. But the result, Wallechinsky said, was a race length that was \u201ccompletely arbitrary.\u201d [PAR] The race began on the East Terrace at Windsor Castle. According to some accounts, King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, along with the Prince and Princess of Wales, had been influenced by attending the unofficial 1906 Athens Olympics on the 10th anniversary of the modern Games. For the 1908 Olympic marathon , the Princess of Wales watched the start, which began near the window of the royal nursery so that her children could watch, according to David Miller\u2019s history of the Olympics, \u201cAthens to Athens.\u201d Thus, Miller wrote, the marathon distance \u201cwas determined in a bizarre manner.\u201d [PAR] Photo [PAR] John Hayes of the United States was eventually declared the winner of the marathon at the 1908 Games after a controversial finish. Credit Associated Press [PAR] But David Davis, author of a forthcoming book about the race, \u201cShowdown at Shepherd\u2019s Bush,\u201d said the isolated starting point most likely had to do with controlling the crowd. \u201cThere was no demand by the royal family to start beneath the window,\u201d Davis said. [PAR] It was about 26 miles from Windsor Castle to the Olympic Stadium in West London at Shepherd\u2019s Bush. The original plan had the runners coming into the stadium at the royal entrance and running about 585 yards, circling the track counterclockwise and finishing in front of the royal box, Davis said. But the royal entrance was deemed unsuitable; instead the runners entered at the opposite end of the stadium and, to enhance the view for the Queen and others,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1896 Olympic Medals and Awards - Olympic-Legacy.com 1896 Olympic Medals and Awards - Olympic-Legacy.com [PAR] E-Mail [PAR] The 1896 Olympic Medals and Awards [PAR] In ancient Greece, an Olympic victory had immense impact on the athlete and his home city-state. Spiritual gratification, rather than material gain, motivated participation in the ancient Games. Based on that heritage, the awards of the 1896 Olympic games were simple tokens, yet rich in meaning and symbolism. [PAR] Above: Marathon race winner, Spiros Louis, with his awards [PAR] Awards of the First Modern Olympiad [PAR] At the first modern Olympic games there were no gold medals for the winners, nor were there separate awards ceremonies. (Gold medals were first distributed at the Olympic games of 1904 in Saint Louis.) Instead, all of the prizes were given out by King George at a special ceremony just prior to the closing ceremony on the last day of the Games. [PAR] All competitors in the Athens 1896 Games received some kind of award. In this way, the revived Games differed sharply from the ancient model, where only first place merited any kind of recognition. The official awards of the 1896 Olympics were a silver medal, crown of olive branches, and certificate for first place; a bronze medal, crown of laurel, and certificate for second place; and a commemorative medal for each athlete who competed. [PAR] The marathon race, however, was treated differently. Michel Br\ufffdal, who was fascinated by the legend of Phidippides , proposed \"marathon run\" for the first Olympic games. He promised a silver cup to the runner who could duplicate Phidippides' famous exploit (but without dying, of course). Lambros, a wealthy collector of Greek antiquities, offered an antique vase as a prize, to be added to Br\ufffdal's cup, for the marathon champion. So much excitement grew up around the introduction of this new kind of race that when Spiros Louis, a Greek national like Phidippides, won the race, the reaction of the spectators was understandable exuberant. [PAR] 1896 Victor's Medal [PAR] This medal was designed by Nicolas Gysis of Greece, who was then teaching at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. It was cast in silver for first place and bronze for second place. On the front is a portrait of Zeus with the globe in his right hand, upon which stands the goddess of victory, Nike. She is holding an olive branch in her hands. On the left the script reads in Greek \"OLYMPIA.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London 2012 Announces First Torchbearer for Olympic Torch ... London 2012 Announces First Torchbearer for Olympic Torch Relay [PAR] London 2012 Announces First Torchbearer for Olympic Torch Relay [PAR] Share Article [PAR] The London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) has confirmed that the first Torchbearer for the Olympic Torch Relay - presented by Coca-Cola, Lloyds TSB and Samsung - will be three-times Olympic Gold medallist Ben Ainslie CBE. [PAR] London 2012 Announces First Torchbearer for Olympic Torch Relay [PAR] I am extremely honoured to be the first Torchbearer at the start the 70-day Olympic Torch Relay. It will be an amazing experience to be able to carry the Olympic Flame in the area that I grew up in [PAR] (PRWEB) May 12, 2012 [PAR] The London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games ( LOCOG ) has confirmed that the first Torchbearer for the Olympic Torch Relay - presented by Coca-Cola, Lloyds TSB and Samsung - will be three-times Olympic Gold medallist Ben Ainslie CBE. [PAR] Ben will start the 70-day Relay at the Land\u2019s End Landmark signpost at 7.08am on 19 May. He grew up in Cornwall and won Gold medals in Sailing at the Beijing, Athens and Sydney Olympic Games. He also won a Silver medal at the 1996 Games in Atlanta. [PAR] Ben Ainslie said: \u201cI am extremely honoured to be the first Torchbearer at the start the 70-day Olympic Torch Relay. It will be an amazing experience to be able to carry the Olympic Flame in the area that I grew up in. [PAR] \u201cI also want to congratulate the thousands of other inspirational people who will carry the Torch this summer and bring the excitement of the Games to streets throughout the UK.\u201d [PAR] Seb Coe, Chair of LOCOG said: \u201cBen is the perfect person to start the Relay in Land\u2019s End as he grew up in the area and is an inspirational sportsman who has worked hard to achieve his goals. [PAR] \u201cHe will kick off what will be an amazing celebration of people and places from all over the UK in the run up to the Olympics Games this Summer.\u201d [PAR] Ben is one of 8,000 Torchbearers who will carry the Olympic Flame during the Relay. At Land\u2019s End he will pass the Flame to 18-year-old Anastassia Swallow, a Torchbearer from the Coca-Cola nomination campaign. Anastassia is the youngest Sports Ambassador for Cornwall and has represented Great Britain four times internationally as a member of the Junior British Surf Team. [PAR] The other Torchbearers at Land\u2019s End will be: Eric Smith, 76, who was nominated through the LOCOG campaign, Victoria Smith, 16, who was nominated through the Lloyds TSB campaign and Stephen Brady, 59, who was nominated through the Samsung campaign. [PAR] On leaving Land\u2019s End, the Olympic Flame will travel an estimated 8,000 miles around the UK giving thousands of communities and individuals their moment to shine as the Olympic Flame comes to a place near them. [PAR] Notes to editors [PAR] For further information please contact the London 2012 Press Office. [PAR] For more information on the streets through which Torchbearers will carry the London 2012 Olympic Flame, go to http://www.london2012.com/olympictorchrelay [PAR] About the London 2012 Olympic Torch Relay Presenting Partners: [PAR] As the longest standing Presenting Partner of the Olympic Torch Relay, Coca-Cola will be using its heritage and experience to spread excitement across the UK ahead of London 2012. Coca-Cola's national nomination campaign - Future Flames \u2013 has focused on finding inspirational young people from across the country to have the once"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Noel-Baker School - School History Noel-Baker School - School History [PAR] School History [PAR] School Status: School is Open [PAR] School History [PAR] In September 1960, Noel-Baker opened its doors to staff and pupils for the first time. Noel-Baker Technical School, as it was then called, welcomed both girls and boys from year one to year three but only boys were allowed in year four. [PAR] The curriculum was designed to be less academic than the town\u2019s two Grammar Schools, with more emphasis on practical and vocational subjects, including woodwork and metalwork for the boys and needlework and domestic science for the girls. [PAR] The School is named after Philip Noel-Baker, Member of Parliament for Derby South. As an athlete, Philip Noel-Baker was the flag bearer and silver medallist in the 1920 Olympics held in Antwerp Belgium. He was also a Nobel Peace Prize winner and holds the distinction of being the only person to have won an Olympic medal and also received a Nobel Prize. [PAR] The first Head Teacher was Albert Buchan, who brought several of his students from Allenton Technical School. Since Mr Buchan, there have been six Head Teachers. Glyn John oversaw the change from Technical School to comprehensive in the early 1970\u2019s, when Noel-Baker merged with Southgate School. In 1989 the school became a Community College. [PAR] Current Head Teacher Mal Kerr has brought the school into the 21st century with the planning and building of the Derwent Campus, which provides education for girls and boys of all abilities from year seven to year thirteen in the state-of-the-art award winning buildings and facilities on Bracknell Drive, Alvaston. [PAR] [PAR] One person who has witnessed all the changes is Governor Freda Daniel. In 1960 Freda was appointed the school\u2019s first needlework teacher. Her husband Geoff was a geography teacher from 1963 until his death in 1989. Freda left teaching in 1968 and became a parent governor in 1987 and has served continuously since. Freda was appointed Chair of Governors in 2003 and in 2013 when Freda Daniel retired from the Chair of Governors role Alan Larkins became chairman. [PAR] Noel-Baker School \u00a9 2014 - Site Created by www.noelbakeritservices.co.uk"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Companies past & Present - Google Sites Companies past & Present [PAR] Companies past & Present [PAR] This me now & Then [PAR] [PAR] I born in1964 in Derby/Derbyshire, in 1990 when I started to collect yesteryear toy models my first model cost me 69p now I pay from \u00a310 to \u00a330 per model, when I visited some museum I thought about writing a book about companies the company I started with was Kelloggo's & I continued with the rest of the companies. [PAR] I have being collecting Yesteryear Toy Models for over twenty years, My first model cost 69p now I pay upto \u00a330 per model. I am writing a book about companies past & Present & the money from My book is going to my six Chosen charities , as well as writing a book I do voluntary work at Barnardo's Babington Lane Derby, please donate you unwanted good quality items, we are also be doing a fundraising at St Peters Church in Derby City Centre which have raised \u00a3563 & I help run a canteen on a Friday night with the local Boys Brigade which has finished for the winter session back there in September. [PAR] Here is part of my book I am writing about [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Kellogg\u2019s story starts way Back in Missachies in the 19th century the Kellogg family lived. John Preston Kellogg was a farmer with his wife Anne and their family, they were Avoneon Christians. Their fifth son John Harvey was born on 26 February 1852; he will be come a beacon healthy living but he became ill almost died of acvoice he stayed away from school until he was nine. Soon after the family moved to Battle Creek, his father opened a successful broom factory and put John Harvey to work at the factory when he was eleven but he didn\u2019t want to work at the factory. He decided to become a teacher; his family became part of the seventh day anarchist. In 1864 when he was twelve the white gave him a job printing plantlets, which he enjoyed. In 1866 the seventh Day group opened a converlession home. In 1874 after he obtained a loan from the whites, he enrolled at the Bellmore Medical Hospital. Under two years he was awarded a degree in medicine. In 1877 John Harvey launched the sanatorium Health food Company, he and his brother Wilks Keith spent most days in the kitchen to try out different kinds of healthy foods. He has been married to his wife Helen for over forty years; he and his wife Helen adopted forty orphans. [PAR] [PAR] In 1906 the man who helped organise the very first breakfast cereal turning his whole attendation on to producing this connivance food. One appetising taste led to another. Introducing corn wheat and rice cereals, Kellogg Company grew in both sizes and popularity as the better-to-eat cereal industry, not just in America but also throughout the world. The first supplies of cornflakes and all-brand arrived in Britain from Canada in 1924. In 1928 Rice Krispies was added, and in 1936 work began on building a factory in Trafford Park, Manchester. A Nottinghamshire housewife who invited to every other important company event from that onwards opened this in 1938. A plague at the entrance to the factory commutates this event. With the increasing demand for cereals in 1978. This unit at Wrexham North Wales was designed to set new high standard for food production. Factories all over the world, making a range of cereals. Between 1902 and 1904, forty-two companies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games Mascots - Olympic News Olympic Games Mascots - Olympic News [PAR] Olympic Games Mascots [PAR] twitter Share [PAR] The first Olympic mascot \u2013 which was not official \u2013 was named \u201cSchuss\u201d and was born at the Grenoble Olympic Games in 1968. A little man on skis, half-way between an object and a person, it was the first in a long line of Olympic mascots. [PAR] (c) IOC [PAR] It was not until the Munich 1972 Olympic Games that the first official Olympic mascot, \u201cWaldi\u201d, the dachshund, was created. Since then, mascots have become the most popular and memorable ambassadors of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. An original image, the mascot has the job of giving concrete form to the Olympic spirit, spreading the values highlighted at each edition of the Games; promoting the history and culture of the host city; and giving the event a festive atmosphere. [PAR] (c) Photo Olympia Press [PAR] The Games mascots over the years have all been examples of ingenuity, imagination and artistic creativity. From \u201cWaldi\u201d to \u201cAmik\u201d, the Montreal Games beaver, the first mascots were emblematic animals of the host countries. In 1992, Barcelona surprised everyone with \u201cCobi\u201d, a strange avant-garde dog created by the great designer, Javier Mariscal. Cobi was followed by a whole variety of mascots based on people, animals or even mythical and imaginary creatures. [PAR] [PAR] From the dog to the snow leopard, via human-like ice cubes, the mascots lend an element of humour and joy to the Olympic experience. They contribute to the efforts made to offer a warm welcome to athletes and visitors from around the world. [PAR] Sochi 2014 [PAR] (c) IOC [PAR] On Saturday 26 February 2011, more than a million Russians participated in a live television broadcast, during which a vote was held to choose the mascots for the Sochi Games. The leopard got the most votes, followed by the polar bear and the hare; and these three animals from the Great North and the mountainous regions of Russia would become the mascots of the XXII Olympic Winter Games. [PAR] During the Games, tens of thousands of spectators were able to see the mascots, \u00ab \u0411\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u00bb (Bieliy Michka, the polar bear), \u00ab \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u00bb (Leopard, the leopard) and \u00ab \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u00bb (Za\u00efka, the hare), but the most spectacular moment was doubtless when they appeared in giant format in the Fisht Stadium during the Closing Ceremony. They gathered in front of a cauldron where the Olympic flame was burning, and the polar bear proceeded to blow out the flame, while, simultaneously, the flame burning outside the Stadium was extinguished. The polar bear then shed a tear in a nod to the Closing Ceremony of Moscow 1980, where the mascot Michka also cried at the end of those Games. [PAR] London 2012 [PAR] [PAR] The London 2012 mascot, Wenlock, takes his name from the town of Much Wenlock in Shropshire, which still hosts the traditional Much Wenlock Games. These were one of Pierre de Coubertin\u201fs sources of inspiration for the modern Olympic Games. [PAR] According to the story by Michael Morpurgo, Wenlock's metallic look is explained by the fact that he was made from one of the last drops of steel used to build the Olympic Stadium in London. The light on his head is based on those found on London\u201fs famous black cabs. The shape of his forehead is identical to that of the Olympic Stadium roof. His eye is the lens of a camera, filming everything he sees. On his wrists, he wears five bracelets in the colours of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sharron Davies (Swimmer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Sharron Davies (Swimmer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Sharron Davies [PAR] Sharron Davies [PAR] Female [PAR] Sharron Elizabeth Davies MBE is a retired swimmer from the United Kingdom. She won a silver medal in the 400 metre individual medley at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, and two gold medals at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton. Since retiring from the sport, she has worked as television presenter and served as a patron of charities for disabled children and fitness.\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Sharon Davies: Abigail Fisher And The Hidden Crisis Of Black Male Collegians [PAR] Huffington Post - Jun 27, 2013 [PAR] '\\n The Court\\'s decision in Fisher v. University of Texas defied the expectations of many commentators and pundits who had broadly predicted in the weeks before the decision that the Court would abandon the standards established in Grutter. It did not. If anything, the Court reinforced that precedent by returning the case brought by Abigail Fisher against UT to the Court of Appeals in Texas to determine if the university can meet the exacting standards of proof established in Grutt... [PAR] Sharron Davies: I'm Almost 50, But I Still Feel Like A Winner [PAR] Belfast Telegraph - Jun 12, 2012 [PAR] ' \\nFormer Olympic swimmer <mark>Sharron Davies</mark> talks to Diana Pilkington about getting older, boob jobs, being a single mum and her excitement as the Games draw closer. \\n ' [PAR] Stadium Celebration Aims To Raise Funds For Young Sport Talent In Milton Keynes [PAR] Milton Keynes Citizen - Apr 26, 2012 [PAR] ' A HUGE celebration of sport is being planned in Milton Keynes to coincide with the arrival of the Olympic Torch in the new city. Former Olympic swimming medallist <mark>Sharron Davies</mark> and hilarious former England hockey international Roger Dakin are the main speakers at the Torchlight Dinner at stadium:mk on Monday, July 9. Organiser Sally Fennemore said: \u00e2\u0080\u009cWe are looking to make this something really special with former Olympians and internationals, young talent, sports demonstrati... [PAR] Sharron Davies Weeps After Council Approves Care Home At Bottom Of Her Garden [PAR] Daily Mail (UK) - Jan 05, 2012 [PAR] ' Ms Davies, 49, pictured, bought the Grade II-listed mansion in Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, two months ago - and has vowed to fight \\'tooth and nail\\' to reverse the planning decision.' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Sharron Davies. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1962 Birth Born on November 1, 1962. [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1976 13 Years Old In 1976, still only thirteen, Davies was selected to represent Great Britain at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Although her performance was not enough to get her in the medals, it did make her a household name. Read Less [PAR] 1977 14 Years Old The next year she stepped up a gear to win two bronze medals in the 1977 European Championships. \u2026 Read More [PAR] The following year, still just fifteen, she won gold medals at the Commonwealth Games in the 200 and 400-metre individual medleys. She also picked up a further silver and bronze medal. Read Less [PAR] 1980 17 Years Old By 1980 Davies was ready for a more serious Olympic challenge. \u2026 Read More [PAR] She took the silver medal in the 400 m individual medley behind East German Petra Schneider, who later admitted that the victory was drug enhanced. Read Less [PAR] TWENTIES [PAR] 1987 24 Years Old Davies then married physical training instructor John Crisp in West Sussex in 1987. They"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games Host Cities, Map of Summer and Winter ... Olympic Games Host Cities, Map of Summer and Winter Olympic Host Cities [PAR] 2016 Summer Olympics Participating Countries [PAR] The first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896. The Olympiad has been held thirty times, though it has been canceled three times over history because of World War I and II. [PAR] Olympic Games have been hosted the greatest number of times in Europe, followed by North America (especially in the United States of America). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in South America has been selected to host the 2016 Olympic Games, but South America has not yet hosted the Olympic Games. Africa, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent have also never hosted the Olympics. [PAR] The World Map of Olympics Hosts Cities shows all cities that have hosted the Summer and Winter Olympic Games and the years in which they were held. The United States of America has hosted four Winter Games and four Summer Games, more than any other country in the world. France has hosted two Summer Olympics and three Winter Olympics, and now the United Kingdom stands third, having hosted its third Olympic Games in 2012. After hosting the 2012 games, London became the fist ever city to have hosted the Olympic Games thrice. Los Angeles, Paris and Athens have each hosted two games each. [PAR] ACOD~20120813[DOC] [TLE] List of summer Olympic Games host cities | Reuters List of summer Olympic Games host cities | Reuters [PAR] Sat Sep 7, 2013 | 4:29 PM EDT [PAR] List of summer Olympic Games host cities [PAR] List of host cities for the modern summer Olympics after Tokyo was awarded the 2020 Games on Saturday. [PAR] 1896 - Athens [PAR] (Compiled by Julian Linden, edited by Mitch Phillips) [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] SPONSORED STORIES [PAR] SPONSORED CONTENT [PAR] Subscribe: Newsletters | Apps [PAR] Reuters is the news and media division of Thomson Reuters . Thomson Reuters is the world's largest international multimedia news agency, providing investing news, world news, business news, technology news, headline news, small business news, news alerts, personal finance, stock market, and mutual funds information available on Reuters.com, video, mobile, and interactive television platforms. [PAR] *All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cycling at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games: Men's Madison ... Cycling at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games: Men's Madison | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] Cycling at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games: [PAR] Men's Madison [PAR] Date Started: August 19, 2008 [PAR] Date Finished: August 19, 2008 [PAR] Format: 240 laps (60 km) with a sprint every 20 laps (5 km). Sprint points awarded - 5-3-2-1 - to the first four finishers. [PAR] Gold: [PAR] Russia [PAR] Summary [PAR] The Madison was ridden over 50 km. (200 laps) with 10 sprints held every 20 laps. The heavy favorites were 2008 World Champions, [Mark Cavendish] and [Bradley Wiggins] of Great Britain. Cavendish had won four sprint stages at the 2008 Tour de France, while Wiggins would win gold in both pursuit races in Beijing. The race was a low-scoring affair, with Argentina, Spain, and Russia gaining an early lap on the other 13 teams and contesting the medals, Argentina winning gold with 8 points, to 7 for Spain, and 6 for Russia. Spain was led by [Juan Llaneras], winner of the gold medal in the 2008 points race (and the 2000 points race), while Russia was led by the 2004 points race gold medalist, [Mikhail Ignatyev]. [PAR] Argentina\u2019s [Juan Esteban Curuchet] was competing in his sixth Olympics, at 43-years-old, but this was his first Olympic medal. He and his partner, [Walter P\u00e9rez], had won the World Championship in 2004. Cavendish and Wiggins missed the winning breakaways, and finished only ninth. [PAR] Llaneras was riding with [Antonio Tauler]. His primary partner in the past few years had been [Isaac G\u00e1lvez], with whom he had won the Worlds in 1999 and 2006. In November 2006, he Llaneras and G\u00e1lvez entered the Six Days of Ghent but in that race, G\u00e1lvez crashed and hit the railing, dying from his injuries. Distraught, Llaneras promptly retired from racing, only to return in mid-2007. [PAR] View a Phase of this Event \u2022 Final Standings [PAR] Final Standings"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Fox-Pitt Archives - Equestrian News William Fox-Pitt Archives - Equestrian News [PAR] Equestrian News [PAR] Nov 012013 [PAR] [PAR] Following a successful season now is the time to celebrate the riders and horses that have made it to the top of the British Eventing Points ranking table. [PAR] The final 2013 rankings have seen a hotly contested battle for the top spots. New Zealander Andrew Nicholson has retained first place in the rankings following another very successful season and also leads the FEI HSBC rankings. Topping the horse rankings is Irish bred Mr Cruise Control, owned jointly by Robin and Nicola Salmon alongside Andrew. Mr Cruise Control has had a prolific season finishing fifth in the 4* at Pau and first in both the CIC3* at Chatsworth in May and Luhmuhlen 4*. His owners will be presented with the Calcutta Light Horse Trophy in recognition of his impressive achievement. Andrew\u2019s Olympic bronze medal winning mount, Deborah Sellar\u2019s Nereo, is runner up with 382 points. [PAR] Best of the Brits, and winner of the Tony Collins award, is Dorset based William Fox-Pitt who attained a total of 2142 points this season. William\u2019s European bronze medal winning horse Chilli Morning, owned by Christopher and Lisa Stone, reached third place in the BE rankings after winning 378 points. Another of Fox-Pitt\u2019s rides, Catherine Witt\u2019s recent Pau 4* winner Seacookie finished just behind his stable mate in fourth place with 368 points. [PAR] Fellow Brit Oliver Townend again retains third place in the rankings following another busy season, amassing 1241 points. [PAR] The top twenty ranked horses and riders are detailed below and the top one hundred can be found here . [PAR] Jan 242013 [PAR] [PAR] HRH the Duchess of Cornwall, Patron of the British Equestrian Federation (BEF), hosted a reception on the evening of Tuesday 22 January 2013 to celebrate the achievements of the British equestrian teams at the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. [PAR] The event, held in the majestic formal rooms of Clarence House, London, was a wonderful opportunity for the team to meet the Duchess, an enthusiastic supporter of equestrian sport and to reflect on a successful 2012. Over 80 honoured guests including horse owners, grooms, coaches and team support staff gathered with medallists to enjoy the occasion. [PAR] Athletes attending included dressage gold medallist Laura Bechtolsheimer MBE; eventing silver medallists Tina Cook, William Fox-Pitt, Mary King MBE, Zara Phillips MBE and Nicola Wilson; showjumping gold medallist Peter Charles MBE; Paralympic multi-medallists Natasha Baker MBE, Sophie Christiansen OBE, Deb Criddle MBE and Sophie Wells MBE who were presented and photographed with Her Royal Highness. [PAR] Chairman of the British Equestrian Federation, Keith Taylor commented; \u201cOur Patron, HRH The Duchess of Cornwall, is wonderfully supportive of everything we do. Tonight, HRH played a very personal tribute in hosting and celebrating the successes of our athletes, their owners and the support staff at Clarence House. It was a joyous occasion in celebration of the best ever haul of medals at an Olympic and Paralympic Games.\u201d [PAR] The success of the equestrian teams during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games saw a record 16 medals won across the four disciplines, from the historic first Olympic medals for dressage, the first showjumping gold medal for sixty years, to the unbeaten British Paralympic team (since para-dressage\u2019s introduction in 1996) exceeding their Beijing medal haul, after securing a total of 11 medals. [PAR] Jul 032012 [PAR] [PAR] Unfortunately DHI Topper W, ridden by Piggy French, has incurred an injury that means he will not be fit to compete at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gold medal won by 'Steve Redgrave of 1908 Olympics' set to ... Gold medal won by 'Steve Redgrave of 1908 Olympics' set to sell for \u00a37,000 | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Gold medal won by 'Steve Redgrave of 1908 Olympics' set to sell for \u00a37,000 [PAR] Legendary GB rower's medal to be auctioned off by family more than 100 years since Games triumph [PAR] Beautiful medal expected to fetch around \u00a37,000 at Christie's [PAR] Raymond Etherington-Smith, likened to Sir Steve Redgrave, was a doctor and an Olympian. Died aged 36 after contracting blood poisoning from patient. [PAR] Meanwhile, British Library set to launch Games memorabilia exhibition including stamps, postcards and letters [PAR] An Olympic gold medal won more than a century ago by the 'Steve Redgrave of 1908' has been put up for auction. [PAR] The gold medal, won at the 1908 London Games by British doctor and rower Raymond Etherington-Smith, the captain of the Leander eight, has been put up for sale by the former Olympian's family. [PAR] The gorgeous 25g, 15 carat gold medal is expected to fetch around \u00a37,000 at auction when it goes under the Hammer at Christie's in London. [PAR] Fetching: The 25g, 15 carat gold medal is expected to fetch around \u00a37,000 at auction [PAR] The Redgrave of 1908: Raymond Etherington-Smith won the medal more than 100 years ago, and his family have now put the medal up for auction [PAR] It was announced just days before the 2012 London Games that the great rower's solid gold medal has been put up for auction - 104 years after he beat his Belgian competitors. [PAR] Etherington-Smith has been likened to fellow Great British rower, Sir Steve Redgrave, who won gold medals at a remarkable five consecutive Olympic Games between 1984 and 2000. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Captain: Raymond Etherington-Smith, who died in tragic circumstance aged 36, won gold at the 1908 Olympic Games [PAR] Redgrave, who carried the Olympic torch earlier this month, is only one of four Olympians to have achieved this honour. [PAR] The 1908 medals look a far cry from those to be handed out at the 2012 Games over the coming weeks. [PAR] Etherington-Smith's medal measures just 1.5 inches in diameter, was not designed to be worn about the neck and comes with its original presentation box if bought. [PAR] One side of the medal depicts a soldier figure on horseback towering over a curled up dragon. The rider is greeted by a semi-clad woman. [PAR] The other shows a nude competitor standing victorious in the centre, flanked by two naked women holding a wreath over his head. [PAR] The inscriptions 'Olympic Games' and 'London 1908' are scrawled either side of the athlete's feet on podium-like structures. [PAR] During the race in 1908, Great Britain's Leander eight's main rivals - the Belgium team - sunk and capsized, allowing the hosts a rather routine passage to victory. [PAR] Tragically, the doctor died just five years later, aged 36, after contracting peritonitis while carrying out an operation at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London. An operating theatre was later named in his memory. [PAR] The doctor, a Cambridge graduate, was nicknamed 'Ethel' and captained the Leander Club four times - 1903, 1905, 1906 and 1908. [PAR] Sophie Churche, from Christie's, said: 'The medal is incredibly beautiful and is solid gold. [PAR] 'There were only two Olypmics where the medals were made from pure gold and this is 25 grams of 15 carat gold. [PAR] 'On the front it depicts the male athlete being crowned and on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Olympics Opening Ceremony - Topend Sports The Olympics Opening Ceremony [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > Traditions > Opening Ceremony [PAR] The Olympic Opening Ceremony [PAR] The opening ceremony at the Olympic Games has become a major entertainment spectacle, costing many millions of dollars to stage. It has come a long way since the first opening ceremonies held during the 1908 Olympic Games in London, where for the first time, athletes marched into the stadium behind their nations' flags. [PAR] During the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games, tradition dictates that the procession of athletes is always led by the Greek team, followed by all the other teams in alphabetical order (based on the language of the hosting country), except for the last team which is always the team of the hosting country. [PAR] The IOC has two official languages English and French. Both languages are used to introduce competitors. [PAR] At the opening ceremony, the Olympic flag is raised while the Olympic hymn is played. The torch relay arrives and the flame is lit. The Olympic Oath and Creed is also said. [PAR] Opening Ceremony Trivia [PAR] The first opening ceremony was organized by Regent Street Polytechnic. [PAR] At the first opening ceremony in 1908, the team from Finland refused to carry a flag when they were told that they would have to march under the flag of Russia. [PAR] At the 1912 Olympic Games opening ceremony, Finland's team paraded under the national insignia flag of a Swedish-speaking female gymnastics club in Helsinki. Finland was part of the Russian Empire at the time, but competed separately. [PAR] During the opening ceremony of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, athletes from Liechtenstein were shocked to discover that their flag was identical to the flag of Haiti. After the games, a yellow crown was added to the flag of Liechtenstein. [PAR] Leading up to the Rio Games in 2016, American broadcasters NBC requested that the order of countries in the opening parade of nations be in English language order, so that the American team would march later in the program. It was worried it would lose viewers if they marched in their correct order, which in Portuguese the US will march with the E's (as in - Estados Unidos). [PAR] Share:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Greece always leads the parade of athletes at the ... Why Greece always leads the parade of athletes at the Olympic opening ceremony and how the rest of the order is determined [PAR] 19,843.41 [PAR] -8.83 (-0.04%) [PAR] Why Greece always leads the parade of athletes at the Olympic opening ceremony and how the rest of the order is determined [PAR] Cork Gaines [PAR] More [PAR] (Greek sailing champion Sofia Bekatorou led the parade of athletes at the Rio Olympics.Getty Images) [PAR] The 2016 Summer Olympics officially kicked off on Friday night with the opening ceremony in Rio. [PAR] As has become tradition, the ceremony starts with a celebration of the host country, followed by the parade of athletes. And once again, Greece was the first country introduced due to their historical importance to the games. [PAR] The order of the parade of nations at every Olympics is as follows. [PAR] Greece comes in first \u2014 this is due to their role in the origin of the Olympics [PAR] The host nation comes in last \u2014 in 2016, this is Brazil, obviously. [PAR] The rest of the nations are ordered alphabetically by the language of the host nation \u2014 As a result of this, Afghanistan was the first nation after Greece, followed by South Africa (\u00c1frica do Sul in Portuguese). Zambia will be the 207th and final nation before the host nation, Brazil.[DOC] [TLE] Austerity measures leaves Greek Olympic buildup in a ... Austerity measures leaves Greek Olympic buildup in a shambles | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] Austerity measures leaves Greek Olympic buildup in a shambles [PAR] \u2022 Huge cuts in funding hit teams and preparation [PAR] \u2022 IOC offers emergency money to help teams get to London [PAR] Greece's Dimitris Chondrokoukis has criticised the Greek government for cutting funding for its Olympic squad. Photograph: Aris Messinis/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Wednesday 4 April 2012 14.37 EDT [PAR] First published on Wednesday 4 April 2012 14.37 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 4 years old [PAR] The Greek Athletics Federation has been forced to indefinitely suspend all domestic competitions because severe funding cuts have made life impossible for athletes, coaches and support staff. In just over a month's time Greece will host the Olympic flame lighting ceremony ahead of London 2012 but, as the suspension highlights, the country's own Olympic preparations are a shambles. [PAR] Tradition dictates that the Greek team always lead the procession of athletes during the Olympic opening ceremony, but the government's cuts mean that this summer the country will be sending its smallest squad since the 1992 Games in Barcelona. Only 75 athletes will travel to London, less than half the number who attended the Games in Beijing and only a sixth of the number who competed at the Athens Olympics in 2004. [PAR] The head of the athletics federation, Vassilis Sevastis, said: \"The cuts in funding for the federation, last year and this year, are so extensive that they do not allow us to cover our basic needs. We can't do our job properly. We're at a dead-end financially.\" The federation's budget was cut by a third in 2011 and by a third again in 2012. It has \u20ac6.5m (\u00a35.4m) to spend this year. It is not enough to cover basic operating costs and leaves coaches and other support staff unpaid for their previous year's work. [PAR] Greek athletes, including the world indoor high jump champion Dimitris Chondrokoukis, have criticised the government for cutting funding. \"The conditions are unacceptable and facilities are a big problem,\" Chondrokoukis said. \"There is lack of heat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the ten events that make up the decathlon ... What are the ten events that make up the decathlon? | Reference.com [PAR] What are the ten events that make up the decathlon? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The ten events that make up the decathlon are spread over two days and include the 100-meter sprint, long jump, shot put, high jump and 400-meter run on the first day, followed by the 110-meter hurdles, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw and 1500-meter run on the second day. Points are awarded for each event, and the competitor with the highest aggregate score is declared the winner. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The decathlon made its first Olympic appearance at the 1912 Games in Stockholm. This men's event challenges competitors to perform at their best in a wide range of track-and-field events that test for power, speed, agility and endurance to determine the best all-around athlete. As of 2014, the youngest man to take the Olympic decathlon title is Bob Mathias, an American who was just 17 years old when he won the event in 1948. He competed at the next Olympics in 1952 and became a two-time decathlon champion. Competition for the women's all-around title began with the 1984 Olympics, when the seven-event heptathlon was introduced. This comparable event, which is also staged over two days, consists of the 100-meter hurdles, high jump, shot put and 200-meter run on the first day followed by the long jump, javelin throw and 800-meter run on the second day."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chamonix 1924 Winter Olympics - results & video highlights Chamonix 1924 Winter Olympics - results & video highlights [PAR] Official Reports arrow [PAR] The Olympic Winter Games begin [PAR] In 1921, the International Olympic Committee gave its patronage to a Winter Sports Week to take place in 1924 in Chamonix, France. This event was a great success, attracting 10,004 paying spectators, and was retrospectively named the First Olympic Winter Games. [PAR] Memorable champions [PAR] American Charles Jewtraw became the first Winter Games champion by winning the first event, the 500m speed skating. The outstanding individual performer was Finland\u2019s Clas Thunberg, who took five medals, including three golds, in the five speed skating events. [PAR] Awesome Canadians [PAR] In ice hockey, the Canadian team managed to score 85 times without conceding a goal in its first three matches. Canada won the tournament by scoring 122 goals, with only three scored against them. [PAR] Worth the wait [PAR] American Anders Haugen would have to wait 50 years to receive his bronze ski jumping medal. Deprived of his third place because of a marking error, Haugen eventually won his case and obtained his medal in 1974, aged 83. [PAR] NOCs: 16 [PAR] Athletes: 258 (11 women, 247 men) [PAR] Events: 16 [PAR] About 5,000 copies were produced. [PAR] The first Olympic Winter Games were originally known as the \"Winter Sports Week.\" [PAR] Official recognition [PAR] In 1926, during the 25th Session of the International Olympic Committee in Lisbon, the Chamonix Games were recognised as the first Olympic Winter Games. [PAR] Medal presentation [PAR] The official medal ceremony was not held until 5 February, shortly before the closing speech by Pierre de Coubertin. As some athletes had already gone home, Frantz Reichel presented their medals to other members of their teams. [PAR] Track at the foot of the glaciers [PAR] The bobsleigh competition was held on the P\u00e9lerins track, named after the glacier which dominates it. The equipment was transported to the top of the track using the old cable car of the Aiguille du Midi. [PAR] 122 goals scored [PAR] In ice hockey, over the course of its first three matches in the tournament, the Canadian team managed to score 85 times without conceding any goals. Canada won the tournament by scoring 122 goals, with only three scored against them! [PAR] Equipment on shoulders [PAR] For the parade of the delegations during the Opening Ceremony, many athletes marched with their equipment on their shoulder (skis, hockey sticks, etc.). Indeed, according to the rules in place at the time, the athletes had to march in sportswear, and the skis or hockey sticks were part of their equipment. Today, the delegations no longer wear their sportswear, but they try to outdo each other in terms of imagination to appear in all their finery. [PAR] 10,000 paying spectators [PAR] There were 10,004 paying spectators recorded for this edition of the Games. [PAR] Last, but at least ranked [PAR] In cross country skiing, in the 50km event, held in a violent and icy cold wind, the last ranked competitor finished 2h30m after Norway\u2019s Thorleif Haug, who won the event in 3h44m. [PAR] Ceremonies [PAR] Chamonix 25 January 1924. Delegations in the Olympic Stadium. [PAR] Official opening of the Games by: [PAR] Under Secretary for Physical Education, Gaston Vidal [PAR] Lighting the Olympic Flame by: [PAR] A symbolic fire at an Olympic Winter Games was first lit in 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. [PAR] Olympic Oath by: [PAR] Officials' Oath by: [PAR] The officials' oath at an Olympic Winter Games was first sworn in 1972 at Sapporo. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE HIGH JUMP - Athletics HIGH JUMP [PAR] The method of clearing the bar is largely pre-determined by: [PAR] the angle of take-off [PAR] the degree of extension in the lead leg [PAR] the degree of forward inclination of the head, arms and shoulders [PAR] the extent to which the powerful take-off leg extension is diminished by a twisting attempt to aid body rotation [PAR] If the forward momentum of the run has not been fully blocked, so that the jump continues forward toward the crossbar, the style will necessarily be some variation of a dive-straddle. In general, this style of lay-out is associated with a fast run. [PAR] In contrast, if the lead leg is fully extended and driven well above the bar and if the head and chin are erect so as to rise momentarily above the bar, then dropped quickly down and if the direction of the body's COM is close to the vertical, then the jump can be called an orthodox straddle style. Such a style tends to be associated with a slower run. [PAR] By long-time practice and power training, the athlete can combine a faster run with a more vertical jump and thus achieve a lay-out style closer to the desired form. This is difficult but it can be done. The greater the extent to which it is done, the higher the bar that can be cleared. [PAR] Though the path of movement of a jumper's COM is fixed by take-off direction and methods, one can still change the relative positions and movements of his extremities: the head:, arms, and legs. By dropping the head down quickly , the trail leg and hip can be lifted up and over the bar. By dropping the right arm down and twisting the head, the trail leg-hip can be lifted, and the left hand-arm-shoulder can be pulled out of the crotch and away from the bar. Or, by its own direct action, the trail foot can be rotated outward and upward. There is a close action-reaction between the movements of the extremities. [PAR] For most straddle-style jumpers, the trail foot-leg-hip are the most difficult parts of the body to get over the cross-bar. Each successful jumper seems to have their own unique way of trying to solve the problem. Most effective of all is to acquire the special power and flexibility demanded by this unique action, not duplicated in any other sports event. Assuming power and flexibility are adequate, the jumper should try several methods then select one for special emphasis. Actually these are variations of one method; the body always acts as a unit; each action here will have an equal reaction there. However, try: [PAR] rolling around the bar without awareness of special action of any one part [PAR] thrusting the lead arm-shoulder and head down just before the hips reach their greatest height; a compensating reaction will tend to lift the trail foot-leg [PAR] rotating the face toward the bar and/or down [PAR] lifting or everting the left hip along with a drop of the head--the trail foot-leg will follow [PAR] throwing the trail foot straight up, with little concern for rotating the foot [PAR] concentrating on an outward rotation of the trail foot, with extension of the leg [PAR] Great high jumping requires three essentials: [PAR] 1: Competitive competence: self-confidence, concentration of physical-emotional-mental energy, self-control and reckless abandon [PAR] 2: Adequate power: Such power in the related muscles makes full use of a maximum approach to each of the many phases of high jumping. [PAR] 3: Mastery of skill: The many"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roman gladiator: Is the West strong only because of weaponry? Roman gladiator: Is the West strong only because of weaponry? [PAR] Roman gladiator: Is the West strong only because of weaponry? [PAR] (too old to reply) [PAR] You can support Wikipedia by making a tax-deductible donation. [PAR] Gladiator [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Jump to: navigation, search [PAR] For other uses, see Gladiator (disambiguation). [PAR] The Zliten mosaic from Libya (Leptis Magna) prob. 2nd c. AD: A thraex [PAR] and murmillo, a hoplomachus and murmillo (who is signaling his defeat [PAR] to the referee), and a matched pair.Gladiators (Latin: gladiat\u014dr\u0113s, [PAR] \"swordsmen\" or \"one who uses a sword,\" from gladius, \"sword\") were [PAR] professional fighters in ancient Rome who fought against each other, [PAR] wild animals, and condemned criminals, sometimes to the death, for the [PAR] entertainment of spectators. These fights took place in arenas in many [PAR] cities from the Roman Republic period through the Roman Empire. [PAR] Contents [hide] [PAR] 1 History of gladiatorial combats [PAR] 1.1 Origins [PAR] 4 Life as a gladiator [PAR] 4.1 Origins [PAR] 4.4 Life expectancy of a gladiator [PAR] 4.5 Slave revolts [PAR] 9 Gladiators in films and television [PAR] 10 See also [PAR] [edit] History of gladiatorial combats [PAR] [edit] Origins [PAR] The origin of the gladiatorial games is not known for certain. There [PAR] are two theories: that the Romans adopted gladiatorial fights from the [PAR] Etruscans, and that the games came from Campania and Lucania. The [PAR] evidence for the theory of Etruscan origin is a passage by the Greek [PAR] writer Nicolaus of Damascus in the second half of the first century [PAR] BCE describing the origins as Etruscan, an account by Isidore of [PAR] Seville during the 600s relating the Latin word for gladiator manager, [PAR] lanista, to the Etruscan word for \"executioner\", and also likeness of [PAR] the Roman god of hell, Charon, who accompanied the executed bodies as [PAR] they exited the arena, to the Etruscan god of death, also named [PAR] Charon. The theory that the games developed from a Campanian and [PAR] Lucanian tradition is supported by frescoes dating to the fourth [PAR] century BCE depicting funeral games in which pair of gladiators fought [PAR] to the death to commemorate the death of an important individual. [PAR] However, the Campanians could also have adapted this tradition from [PAR] the Greeks who could have introduced funeral games with human [PAR] sacrifices to the area in the eighth century BCE. Regardless of the [PAR] origin, the Romans adopted the tradition of funeral games to display [PAR] important people's status and power. [PAR] The earliest known gladiatorial games were held in 310 BC by the [PAR] Campanians (Livy 9.40.17). These games re-enacted the Campanians' [PAR] military success over the Samnites. [PAR] The first recorded Roman gladiatorial combats took place in Rome in [PAR] 264 BC, at the start of the First Punic War against Carthage. Decimus [PAR] Junius Brutus Albinus staged it in honour of his dead father Brutus [PAR] Pera. It was held between three pairs of slaves chosen from among 22 [PAR] prisoners of war, and held in the cattle market (Forum Boarium). The [PAR] ceremony was called a munus or \u201cduty paid to a dead ancestor by his [PAR] descendants, with the intention of keeping alive his memory\u201d (Baker, [PAR] Gladiator 10). Roman aristocrats soon took up the practice as an [PAR] alternative to the earlier custom of sacrificing prisoners on the [PAR] graves of warriors, with events being held for notable people and [PAR] repeated every one to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History: September 10, 1960: 1st Sub-Saharan African Wins ... History and HeadlinesHistory: September 10, 1960: 1st Sub-Saharan African Wins Olympic Gold Medal - History and Headlines [PAR] No Comments [PAR] A Brief History [PAR] On September 10, 1960, the final event of the Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy, was the scene of the first Sub-Saharan African (Black) to win an Olympic Gold Medal. Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia won the prestigious Olympic Marathon race (about 26.2 miles long) and won it in high fashion, that is, barefoot! [PAR] Digging Deeper [PAR] Only 126 lbs, this slim 5\u201911\u201d runner was 28 years old when he ran his historic race, and for good measure he won the Olympic Gold Medal in the Marathon in the 1964 Olympics as well. The course of events that led to Bikila\u2019s historic performance makes for a good background story. The only reason he even went to Rome to compete was because another Ethiopian runner had taken ill and Bikila was a last minute substitute. On top of that, because of the late addition to the team, running shoe company Adidas that sponsored the Olympics did not have shoes for Bikila that fit properly, which is why he ran barefoot. He won in record time by a 25 second margin. [PAR] In the 1964 Olympics Bikila competed as the reigning champion and would not surprise anyone this time. Between his Olympic Gold Medal performances, Bikila won every Marathon he ran except a disappointing 5th place in the 1963 Boston Marathon. In fact, Boston was the only Marathon Bikila ran (completed) in his career that he did not win. [PAR] Disaster nearly struck 40 days before the 1964 Tokyo Olympics when Bikila came down with appendicitis and required surgery. Though he traveled to Tokyo, he was not expected to run. Bikila did choose to run, and won his second Olympic Gold Medal, once again setting a new record, while becoming the first man to win a second Olympic Marathon. His emperor, Haile Selassie, presented Bakila with a brand new Volkswagen Beetle. No kidding. [PAR] In 1968 disaster did indeed strike, and Bikila had to pull out of the Olympic Marathon due to injury to his knee. It seems he had earlier broken a bone in his foot as well. In 1969 an even bigger disaster struck when Bikila swerved his Volkswagen to avoid protesters in the roadway. He wrecked his car and became a quadriplegic from his injuries. In 1973 Bikila died at age 41 of a cerebral hemorrhage, leaving a legacy of excellence by Sub-Saharan (Black) African long distance runners to follow. [PAR] Of course, Black African athletes had won Olympic Gold Medals before Bikila, but not representing an African nation. African-Americans such as Jesse Owens had won Olympic Gold, but Bikila was the first to bring his medal back to Africa. Since Bikila\u2019s heroics, Olympic Marathons have been won by athletes from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda, and twice Ethiopian women have won the Olympic Marathon. [PAR] What other Sub-Saharan African athletes can you think of that have achieved greatness? Please tell us your favorites. [PAR] If you liked this article and would like to receive notification of new articles, please feel welcome to subscribe to History and Headlines by entering your email address at the top right of this page or like us on Facebook . [PAR] Your readership is much appreciated! [PAR] Historical Evidence[DOC] [TLE] 1960 - Abebe Bikila - Memorable Olympic moments - Pictures ... 1960 - Abebe Bikila - Memorable Olympic moments throughout history - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Memorable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The High Jump - TeachPE.com High Jump Technique | High Jump | Athletics | Sports Coaching [PAR] High Jump [PAR] High Jump Technique [PAR] The High Jump comprises of three main elements: the approach; the takeoff and the bar rotation. A good approach to high jump coaching is to look at and work on these three elements individually. Here we explain in more detail the technical aspects of a Fosbury flop high jump technique. [PAR] High jump technique - The approach: [PAR] 3 important factors of the approach are acceleration, maximum velocity, and curve running. [PAR] There are 3 different approaches that the athletes use today. The J approach, flared approach, and hook approach. [PAR] All 3 approaches have the same curve into the jump. The only difference between them is the initial starting position. The J approach involves the athlete running in a straight line before curving their run into the jump. An athlete using the flared approach will start from a position wider than that of the J approach, and the opposite occurs with the hook approach. The starting point is inside that of the J approach. [PAR] Athletes run on a curve to lean away from the bar by creating pressure against the ground. [PAR] Most athletes use between 6 and 12 steps on the approach , usually an even number so the first step is taken with the non-jumping foot. [PAR] The radius of the curved run is specific to individual athletes, and this can only be found through trial and error. However the average for women is around 31-32 feet (9.5-10 metres), and for men it is 27-28 feet (8.3-8.6 metres), so these are good starting points for your long jump. [PAR] The athlete must approach the bar from the correct angle in the last 2 steps. Again this is somewhat athlete specific but 50 degrees for the penultimate step and 40 degrees for the final step are good guidelines. [PAR] The last 2 steps of the approach are the most important. The penultimate step must land flat, and on the imaginary curve line, with the hips and torso moving over this foot as quickly as possible. [PAR] The last step should also be flat footed and purposely planted in a dorsiflex position. [PAR] High jump technique - Takeoff: [PAR] The aim of high jump coaching here is conversion of vertical velocity must be made from the horizontal velocity of the approach if a long jump is going to be successful. [PAR] A short takeoff time is also important otherwise the athlete will more than likely land on top of the bar. [PAR] The takeoff action is also known as a push-through-and-pull action. [PAR] The push-through is the hip moving over the penultimate foot. [PAR] The pull is the hip of the free leg coming through because of the active negative motion of the takeoff leg. [PAR] On takeoff the foot should be pointing roughly towards the far corner of the landing area. [PAR] All athletes are different when it comes to the position of the takeoff foot, but generally this foot should be planted around 2-3 feet down the bar from the post or standard. [PAR] Distances in front of the bar also vary greatly from athlete to athlete. However the average for women is around 26 inches or 65cm. For men it is further, around 48 inches or 123cm. Use trial and error to work out the best position. [PAR] High jump technique - Bar rotation: [PAR] The Fosbury Flop is the most common way to clear the bar. [PAR] This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision United Kingdom 1967: Sandie Shaw - \"Puppet On A ... Eurovision United Kingdom 1967: Sandie Shaw - \"Puppet On A String\" [PAR] Sandie Shaw - \"Puppet On A String\" [PAR] [PAR] I wonder if one day that you'll say that you care [PAR] If you say you love me madly, I'll gladly be there [PAR] Like a puppet on a string [PAR] Love is just like a merry-go-round [PAR] With all the fun of the fair [PAR] One day I'm feeling down on the ground [PAR] Then I'm up in the air [PAR] Are you leading me on? [PAR] Tomorrow, will you be gone? [PAR] I wonder if one day that you'll say that you care [PAR] If you say you love me madly, I'll gladly be there [PAR] Like a puppet on a string [PAR] I may win on the roundabout [PAR] Then I'll lose on the swings [PAR] In or out, there is never a doubt [PAR] Just who's pulling the strings [PAR] I'm all tied up in you [PAR] But where's it leading me to? [PAR] I wonder if one day that you'll say that you care [PAR] If you say you love me madly, I'll gladly be there [PAR] Like a puppet on a string [PAR] I wonder if one day that you'll say that you care [PAR] If you say you love me madly, I'll gladly be there [PAR] Like a puppet on a string [PAR] Like a puppet on a string"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States ... Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States (1908 - 1973) - Genealogy [PAR] Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] in Stonewall, TX, United States [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] his third heart attack & he had severe heart disease [PAR] Place of Burial: [PAR] United States President, Vice President, United States House of Representative, U S Senator, teacher, 36th President [PAR] Managed by: [PAR] sister [PAR] About Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States [PAR] The thirty-sixth President of the United States (1963\u20131969) and thirty-seventh Vice President of the United States (1961\u20131963). A Democrat, Johnson succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and after completing Kennedy's term was elected President in his own right in a landslide victory in the 1964 Presidential election. Johnson was a major leader of the Democratic Party and as President was responsible for designing the \"Great Society\" legislation that included civil rights laws, Medicare (government-funded health care for the elderly), Medicaid (government-funded health care for the poor), aid to education, and the \"War on Poverty.\" Simultaneously, he escalated the American involvement in the Vietnam War from 16,000 American soldiers in 1963 to 550,000 in early 1968. Johnson served as a United States Representative from Texas from 1937\u20131949 and as United States Senator (as his grandfather[1] foretold when LBJ was just an infant) from 1949\u20131961, including six years as United States Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was selected by John F. Kennedy to be his running-mate for the 1960 presidential election. Johnson's popularity as President steadily declined after the 1966 Congressional elections, and his reelection bid in the 1968 United States presidential election collapsed as a result of turmoil within the Democratic party related to opposition to the Vietnam War. He withdrew from the race to concentrate on peacemaking. Johnson was renowned for his domineering personality and the \"Johnson treatment,\" his arm-twisting of powerful politicians. Johnson was maternally descended from a pioneer Baptist clergyman, George Washington Baines, who pastored some eight churches in Texas as well as others in Arkansas and Louisiana. Baines was also the president of Baylor University during the American Civil War. George Baines was the grandfather of Johnson's mother, Rebekah Baines Johnson. Johnson's grandfather Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr. was raised as a Baptist. Subsequently, in his early adulthood, he became a member of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). In his later years he became a Christadelphian.[2] According to Lady Bird Johnson, Johnson's father also joined the Christadelphian Church toward the end of his life.[3] Later, as a politician LBJ was influenced in his attitude towards the Jews by the religious beliefs that his family, especially his grandfather, had shared with him Johnson briefly taught public speaking and debate in a Houston high school, then entered politics. Johnson's father had served five terms in the Texas legislature and was a close friend to one of Texas's rising political figures, Congressman Sam Rayburn. In 1930, Johnson campaigned for Texas State Senator Welly Hopkins in his run for Congress. Hopkins recommended him to Congressman Richard M. Kleberg, who appointed Johnson as Kleberg's legislative secretary. LBJ was elected speaker of the \"Little Congress,\" a group of Congressional aides, where he cultivated Congressmen, newspapermen and lobbyists. Johnson's friends soon included aides to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, as well as fellow Texans such as Vice President John Nance Garner."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Sad Stories of Writers Who Committed Suicide - Toptenz.net 10 Sad Stories of Writers Who Committed Suicide - Toptenz.net [PAR] Toptenz.net [PAR] Posted by Shell Harris on [PAR] October 14, 2009 [PAR] in Literature , People | 28,493 Views | 27 Responses [PAR] From the earliest records of ancient civilizations to the most recent works produced by modernity, the history of literature bears witness to the creative power of the human mind. We have before us a vast library of stories, plays, and poetry to enjoy at our leisure, but in some cases this creativity came with a price \u2013 the life of the creator. [PAR] A significant number of writers have struggled with depression and the seductions of suicide, leading some to believe there is often a close connection between artistic skill and the mood swings of a tortured mind. While not all of the following writer-suicides of modernity occurred because of the writer\u2019s battle with depression, many of them did \u2013 and there are many, many more that could be added to this list. [PAR] 10. Yukio Mishima (1925 \u2013 1970) [PAR] Yukio Mishima was the pen name for Kimitake Hiraoka, a prolific Japanese author, actor, and playwright. Taken under the wing of his overly protective grandmother until the age of 12, Mishima was not allowed to play with other boys, participate in sports, or even expose himself to sunlight. [PAR] Mishima\u2019s early fascination with literature and writing led to clashes with his military-minded father, who destroyed any of his son\u2019s manuscripts he found. Still, Mishima enjoyed early success in the academic world, becoming the youngest member of his elite school\u2019s editorial board and subsequently publishing poetry and prose in prestigious magazines. To protect him from the scorn of his classmates, his instructors decided that he should write under a pen name. [PAR] Mishima graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1947 and continued to publish stories, poems, and plays, while also traveling extensively. Keenly interested in physical fitness and martial arts, he joined the Japan Self Defense Forces (JSDF) and later started his own private force called the Shield Society. [PAR] In 1970, Mishima and four members of this Shield Society took over the Tokyo JSDF headquarters and tied up the commandant. Mishima gave a speech outlining his demands to restore power to the Japanese emperor, and then ended his life by committing seppuku. He had been carefully planning the suicide for a year. [PAR] 9. Jerzy Kosinski (1933 -1991) [PAR] As Jews living in Poland during World War II, the Lewinkopf family had to do everything possible to avoid German capture, so young Jozef Lewinkopf was given the false name Jerzy Kosinski, which he kept as an alias. After the war was over, Kosinski remained in Poland in order to pursue university studies. [PAR] In 1957, Kosinski emigrated to the United States on a passport obtained by forging papers that \u201cproved\u201d an American foundation was willing to sponsor him. He supported himself by driving a truck until he obtained a grant from the Ford Foundation allowing him to attend Columbia University\u2019s sociology program. [PAR] In 1965 \u2013 the same year he became an American citizen \u2013 Kosinski published the novel The Painted Bird, a highly controversial story about a young boy\u2019s experiences in Europe during World War II. Other famous (and also controversial) novels by Kosinski include Steps and Being There. [PAR] Many people were critical of Kosinski\u2019s writing because of the sexual, violent, and often sadistic topics he chose to portray. He was thought to rely heavily on ghostwriters and freelance editors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On This Day: Jackie Kennedy marries Aristotle Onassis On This Day: Jackie Kennedy marries Aristotle Onassis [PAR] On This Day: Jackie Kennedy marries Aristotle Onassis [PAR] Julian Gavaghan [PAR] Share [PAR] OCTOBER 20, 1968: Jacqueline Kennedy marries Aristotle Onassis [PAR] Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy sparked outrage by marrying Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis on this day in 1968 \u2013 five years after JFK\u2019s assassination. [PAR] The 39-year-old widow\u2019s surprise wedding to a man 23 years her senior was viewed by people around the world as an undignified betrayal of President John F Kennedy. [PAR] It also sparked savage newspaper reaction. One Fleet Street tabloid blasted: \u201cJackie weds blank cheque.\u201d While another in Rome roared: \u201cJFK dies a second time.\u201d [PAR] And the Catholic Church attacked the American fashion icon for breaking the Vatican law forbidding marriage to a divorced man. [PAR] [On This Day: John F Kennedy makes 'Ich bin ein Berliner' speech] [PAR] Yet millions also sympathised with a woman who had also been hurt by the death of her two-day-old son Patrick in 1963, a miscarriage in 1955, stillbirth of daughter Arabella in 1953 and frequent affairs of her late husband during the ten-year marriage. [PAR] A British Path\u00e9 newsreel filmed the new Mrs Kennedy Onassis emerging with her second husband from a Greek Orthodox Church on his private island of Skorpios. [PAR] The commentator also pointed out that there had been reports of anger among the powerful Kennedy clan. [PAR] Yet, it later emerged that the family had largely given her their blessing and Senator Ted Kennedy, JFK\u2019s youngest brother, had helped her secure a prenuptial agreement. [PAR] It gave her $3million cash before the wedding and also handed $1million each to her two surviving children Caroline and John Jr. [PAR] She made the decision to marry again after JFK\u2019s other brother Robert Kennedy\u2019s assassination in April 1968 triggered fears that other family members might be killed. [PAR] \u201cIf they are killing Kennedys, my children are the No 1 targets. I want to get out of this country,\u201d she said after what people had already described as the Kennedy Curse. [PAR] [On This Day: Robert Kennedy dies after being shot on the campaign trail] [PAR] Onassis, who was one of the wealthiest men in the world, promised her new security \u2013 although the marriage meant she lost her right to U.S. Secret Service protection. [PAR] Mrs Kennedy Onassis also failed to live a more secluded life as the press and paparazzi followed the woman they had nicknamed Jackie O everywhere. [PAR] The couple spent a lot of time in America, dividing their time between her 15-room Fifth Avenue apartment in New York City and her horse farm in New Jersey. [PAR] [On This Day: Kennedy and Nixon clash in first ever TV presidential debate] [PAR] They also lived in his Paris flat, his 325ft yacht The Christina and Skorpios, which he bought for \u00a310,000 in 1962 but was sold by an heir this year for \u00a3100million. [PAR] But Onassis, who was known by Ari, began suffering from increasingly bad health after the death of his son Alexander in a plane crash in 1973. [PAR] He died from respiratory failure at age 69 in Paris on March 15, 1975, following less than eight years of marriage. [PAR] Mrs Kennedy Onassis then spent two years fighting to gain a $26million share of his $500million fortune, which she was forbidden to inherit under Greek law. [PAR] After that she settled permanently in New York and went on to develop an career as a renowned book editor. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Miller - Biography - IMDb Arthur Miller - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Arthur Miller [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trivia (45) | Personal Quotes (15) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' 2\u00bd\" (1.89 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Arthur Asher Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in New York City, to Augusta (Barnett) and Isidore Miller. His family was of Austrian Jewish descent. His father manufactured women's coats, but his business was devastated by the Depression, seeding his son's disillusionment with the American Dream and those blue-sky-seeking Americans who pursued it with both eyes focused on the Grail of Materialism. Due to his father's strained financial circumstances, Miller had to work for tuition money to attend the University of Michigan. It was at Michigan that he wrote his first plays. They were successes, earning him numerous student awards, including the Avery Hopwood Award in Drama for \"No Villain\" in 1937. The award was named after one of the most successful playwrights of the 1920s, who simultaneously had five hits on Broadway, the 'Neil Simon (I)' of his day. Now almost forgotten except for his contribution to \"Gold Diggers of 1933,\" Hopwood achieved a material success that the older Miller could not match, but he failed to capture the immortality that would be Miller's. Hopwood's suicide, on the beach of the Cote d'Azur, inspired Norman Maine's march into the SoCal surf in A Star Is Born (1937). It seemed to encapsulate the American dilemma: the achievement of success was no panacea for an America soul-sick from its pursuit. [PAR] Like Fitzgerald, Miller tasted success at a tender age. In 1938, upon graduating from Michigan, he received a Theatre Guild National Award and returned to New York, joining the Federal Theatre Project. He married his college girlfriend, Mary Grace Slattery, in 1940; they would have two children, Joan and Robert. In 1944, he made his Broadway debut with \"The Man Who Had All the Luck,\" a flop that lasted only four performances. He went on to publish two books, \"Situation Normal\" in '44, and \"Focus\" in 1945, but it was in 1947 that his star became ascendant. His play \"All My Sons,\" directed by Elia Kazan , became a hit on Broadway, running for 328 performances. Both Miller and Kazan received Tony Awards, and Miller won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. It was a taste of what was to come. [PAR] Staged by Kazan, \"Death of a Salesman\" opened at the Morosco Theatre on February 10, 1949, and closed 742 performances later on Nov 18, 1950. The play was the sensation of the season, winning six Tony Awards, including Best Play and Best Author for Miller. Miller also was awarded the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The play made lead actor Lee J. Cobb , as Willy Loman, an icon of the stage comparable to the Hamlet of John Barrymore : a synthesis of actor and role that created a legend that survives through the bends of time. A contemporary classic was recognized, though some critics complained that the play wasn't truly a tragedy, as Willy Loman was such a pathetic soul. The fall of such a small person as Loman could not qualify as tragedy, as there was so little height from which to fall. Miller, a dedicated progressive and a man of integrity, never accepted the criticism. As Willy's wife Linda said at his funeral, \"Attention must be paid,\" even to the little people who were crucified alongside the capitalist gods in the pursuit of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mechanics Bay Heliport | AeroInside Mechanics Bay Heliport | AeroInside [PAR] Home > Airports > Oceania > New Zealand > Auckland City, Mechanics Bay Heliport [PAR] Key Facts[DOC] [TLE] Mechanics Bay Airport, New Zealand (Code :: MHB ... Mechanics Bay Airport, New Zealand (Code :: MHB) | Auckland Airport Map, Mechanics Bay Airport Code [PAR] Timezone : Pacific/Auckland [PAR] Mechanics Bay Airport Timezone : GMT +13:00 hours [PAR] Current time and date at Mechanics Bay Airport is 15:30:58 PM (NZDT) on Friday, Jan 20, 2017 [PAR] Looking for information on Mechanics Bay Airport, Auckland, New Zealand? Know about Mechanics Bay Airport in detail. Find out the location of Mechanics Bay Airport on New Zealand map and also find out airports near to Auckland. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is Mechanics Bay Airport located and also provide information like hotels near Mechanics Bay Airport, airlines operating to Mechanics Bay Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in New Zealand. Scroll down to know more about Mechanics Bay Airport or Auckland Airport, New Zealand. [PAR] Mechanics Bay Airport Map - Location of Mechanics Bay Airport [PAR] Load Map [PAR] This page provides all the information you need to know about Mechanics Bay Airport, New Zealand. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting New Zealand or traveling to Auckland Airport. [PAR] Details about Auckland Airport given here include [PAR] Mechanics Bay Airport Code - IATA Code (3 letter airport codes) and ICAO Code (4 letter airport codes) [PAR] Coordinates of Auckland Airport - Latitude and Longitude (Lat and Long) of Mechanics Bay Airport [PAR] Location of Mechanics Bay Airport - City Name, Country, Country Codes etc... [PAR] Mechanics Bay Airport Time Zone and Current time at Mechanics Bay Airport [PAR] Address and contact details of Mechanics Bay Airport along with website address of the airport [PAR] Clickable Location Map of Mechanics Bay Airport on Google Map. [PAR] General information about New Zealand where Mechanics Bay Airport is located in the city of Auckland. General information include capital of New Zealand, currency and conversion rate of New Zealand currency, Telephone Country code, exchange rate against US Dollar and Euro in case of major world currencies etc... [PAR] MHB - Mechanics Bay Airport IATA Code and - Mechanics Bay Airport ICAO code"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ten tasty treats named after the towns they come from by ... Ten tasty treats named after the towns they come from [PAR] Ten tasty treats named after the towns they come from [PAR] Updated on 12 November 2013 | 0 Comments [PAR] Share the love [PAR] Are you lucky enough to live in a town which has its very own cake, pie, cheese, fish, or even soup named after it? We take a look at ten delicacies named after the place they originate from. [PAR] Arbroath Smokies [PAR] A type of smoked haddock which was invented, as the legend goes, in the small Scottish fishing village of Auchmithie, three miles northeast of Arboath. Apparently a shop caught fire there one night, \u2018cooking\u2019 barrels of haddock preserved in salt as it spread \u2026 next morning, the locals discovered that the \u2018ruined\u2019 haddock was in fact very tasty. It\u2019s a nice story, but it\u2019s far likelier that the villagers were descended from Scandinavians, where fish is smoked in a very similar way. [PAR] Smokies are still exclusively produced in the region today, and Iain R. Spink is leading the way \u2013 he\u2019s often extolled the virtues of Smokies on TV shows such as Jamie\u2019s Great Britain and Rick Stein\u2019s Food Heroes, and his Smokies were named one of the top 50 foods in the UK last year. You can order Arbroath Smokies from Iain online . [PAR] Banbury Cake [PAR] Not to be confused with an Eccles Cake, which came decades after, a Banbury Cake is a currant-filled spiced flat pastry cake more oval in shape than round. They used to be made and sold exclusively in Banbury, Oxfordshire, and the recipe dates back to the mid-sixteenth century at least. Apparently it was Edward Welchman who made the first batch at his shops on Parsons Street, but the recipe has been adapted a fair bit since then and can now include everything from rum to rose water, nutmeg and mixed peel. [PAR] Caerphilly Cheese [PAR] Caerphilly is a crumbly, white, cow\u2019s milk cheese originating from the Welsh town of the same name. Apparently, the cheese was not invented in Caerphilly; only sold at a market there for the first time. It\u2019s pretty salty and was developed over time to be so, in order to stock the coal miners of the area up with the salt they lost over the course of a hard day\u2019s work. [PAR] Original Caerphilly is dry in the middle and creamy around the edges \u2013 but its production was halted during World War II, as all the nation\u2019s milk was sent to the Cheddar factories to help with the war effort. After the war, the same cheddar factories started making their own Caerphilly, creating a dry and crumbly texture. The latter is mostly how it\u2019s known today. [PAR] Cullen Skink [PAR] A thick, creamy and fragrant Scottish soup made from smoked haddock, potatoes and onions (main picture). To be truly authentic, Cullen Skink must be made with Finnan haddie (cold smoked haddock), and be served alongside Scottish oatcakes. Usually, it would be the starter at a formal Scottish dinner. [PAR] The soup originates from the town of Cullen in Moray, on the north east coast of Scotland, and is fairly similar in taste and texture to American chowder, although it is smokier. \u2018Skink\u2019 is a Scots word for a shin, knuckle or hough of beef, all of which were used to make soup \u2013 hence the word \u2018skink\u2019 eventually ended up meaning \u2018soup\u2019. [PAR] It\u2019s still often served in restaurants throughout Scotland, and it\u2019s the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jackie Brown (1997) - IMDb Jackie Brown (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A middle-aged woman finds herself in the middle of a huge conflict that will either make her a profit or cost her life. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Quentin Tarantino (written for the screen by), Elmore Leonard (novel) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 24 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 26 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 26 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 25 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Jackie Brown \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 7 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Two separate sets of voluptuous women are stalked at different times by a scarred stuntman who uses his \"death proof\" cars to execute his murderous plans. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] The Bride continues her quest of vengeance against her former boss and lover Bill, the reclusive bouncer Budd and the treacherous, one-eyed Elle. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] The Bride wakens from a four-year coma. The child she carried in her womb is gone. Now she must wreak vengeance on the team of assassins who betrayed her - a team she was once part of. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Two criminals and their hostages unknowingly seek temporary refuge in an establishment populated by vampires, with chaotic results. [PAR] Director: Robert Rodriguez [PAR] After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Two victims of traumatized childhoods become lovers and psychopathic serial murderers irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] In Detroit, a lonely pop culture geek marries a call girl, steals cocaine from her pimp, and tries to sell it in Hollywood. Meanwhile, the owners of the cocaine - the Mob - track them down in an attempt to reclaim it. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] Directors: Allison Anders, Alexandre Rockwell, and 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Tim Roth, Amanda De Cadenet, David Proval [PAR] After an experimental bio-weapon is released, turning thousands into zombie-like creatures, it's up to a rag-tag group of survivors to stop the infected and those behind its release. [PAR] Director: Robert Rodriguez [PAR] Directors: Robert Rodriguez, Eli Roth, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Kurt Russell, Rose McGowan, Danny Trejo [PAR] Directors: Frank Miller, Robert Rodriguez, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mickey Rourke, Clive Owen, Bruce Willis [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keeping Score in Scrabble - Letter Tiles and Point Values Keeping Score in Scrabble - Letter Tiles and Point Values [PAR] How to Keep Score in Scrabble [PAR] Keeping Score in Scrabble [PAR] Knowing how to keep score in Scrabble is simple, but it\u2019s also important. Each letter in Scrabble has its own value, while certain points on a Scrabble board are worth more points than others. Finally, there are a few special circumstances where Scrabble scoring differs than in other points of the game. [PAR] Scrabble Letter Tiles \u2013 Point Values [PAR] Below is a table showing the point values of each tile in Scrabble. I\u2019ll include a table to show how many of each letter exists in a standard Scrabble game, as well. When you play one of these letter tiles on the Scrabble board, you get the point value indicated on the letter tile. [PAR] Scrabble Point Distribution [PAR] A \u2013 E \u2013 I \u2013 O \u2013 - U \u2013 L \u2013 N \u2013 R \u2013 S \u2013 T = 1 point [PAR] D \u2013 G = 2 points [PAR] B \u2013 C \u2013 M \u2013 P = 3 points [PAR] F \u2013 H \u2013 W \u2013 Y \u2013 V = 4 points [PAR] K = 5 points [PAR] J \u2013 X = 8 points [PAR] Q \u2013 Z = 10 points [PAR] The following table shows how many of each letters there are in a standard game of Scrabble. In all, there are 100 tiles to play in any given Scrabble game. [PAR] Scrabble Letter Distribution [PAR] 1: J \u2013 K \u2013 X \u2013 Q \u2013 Z [PAR] 2: B \u2013 C \u2013 F \u2013 H \u2013 M \u2013 P \u2013 W \u2013 Y \u2013 V \u2013 Blank Tiles [PAR] 3: G [PAR] 4: D \u2013 L \u2013 S \u2013 U [PAR] 6: N \u2013 R \u2013 T [PAR] 10: E [PAR] Double and Triple Scores [PAR] When any of the letters of a word you place on the board covers a double or triple score, apply that modifier to your word score. If it\u2019s a double or triple letter score, only modify the score for the letter on that tile. If it\u2019s a double or triple word score, add up the score for all the tiles and then multiply the amount by the modifier. [PAR] If you happen to cross two or more modifiers with your word, apply all of them. If you cross a triple letter score and a double word score, then multiple the triple score letter by x3 and then multiple the whole word score by x2. If you happen to cross two word multipliers, then remember to multiple the word score by both values. In this way, scores can reach large numbers. [PAR] There is a limiting factor to the scores made by these tiles, though. That\u2019s because, once used, these tiles can\u2019t be reused for the purposes of multipliers. [PAR] Reusing Double and Triple Scores [PAR] After a double-word or triple-word score has been used and figured, that space will not be worth a double- or triple-word score again in the game. The same goes for double-letter and triple-letter scores. [PAR] For example, imagine that a letter tile saying double-word score, like the one you play off of at the beginning of the game, is \u201cactivated\u201d at the beginning of the game. Whoever plays off that tile first gets a double-word score. But the next player who builds a word off that same letter does not get a double-word score. This rule is there for several purposes, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] flag of the United States of America | Britannica.com flag of the United States of America | Britannica.com [PAR] Flag of the United States of America [PAR] Written By: [PAR] See Article History [PAR] Alternative Titles: Old Glory, Star-Spangled Banner, Stars and Stripes [PAR] national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the union, and the 13 stripes stand for the original 13 states. The flag\u2019s width-to-length ratio is 10 to 19. [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Betsy Ross [PAR] After the American Revolution began, the first unofficial national flag\u2014known as the Continental Colours (or, incorrectly, as the Grand Union Flag or the Cambridge Flag)\u2014was hoisted at Prospect Hill in Charlestown (now in Somerville, Mass.) on Jan. 1, 1776; it was raised, it appears, at the behest of Gen. George Washington , whose headquarters were nearby. The flag had 13 horizontal stripes (probably of red and white or of red, white, and blue) and, in the canton, the first version of the British Union Flag ( Union Jack ). It was used at forts and on naval vessels. Another popular early flag, that of the Sons of Liberty , had the 13 stripes only. The various 18th-century \u201cDon\u2019t Tread on Me\u201d flags had only local significance, but in the 20th century such designs were popularized by political protesters. [PAR] The first official national flag, formally approved by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1777, was the Stars and Stripes. The blue canton was to contain 13 stars, but the layout of the stars was left undefined, and several patterns are known. The designer of the flag, Congressman Francis Hopkinson , may have had a ring of stars in mind to symbolize (in the words of the flag law) \u201ca new constellation.\u201d Today that pattern is popularly known as the \u201c Betsy Ross flag,\u201d although the claims of her descendants that she made the first Stars and Stripes and that she used the ring pattern are unsubstantiated. Rows of stars (4-5-4 or 3-2-3-2-3) were common, but other variations also existed. The new Stars and Stripes formed part of the military colours carried on Sept. 11, 1777, at the Battle of the Brandywine , perhaps its first such use. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] flag of the Confederate States of America [PAR] The Stars and Stripes changed on May 1, 1795, when two more stars and two more stripes were added to reflect the admission to the union of Vermont (1791) and Kentucky (1792). (One such flag was the 1,260-square-foot [117-square-metre] \u201cStar-Spangled Banner,\u201d made by Mary Pickersgill, that Francis Scott Key saw at Fort McHenry in September 1814, inspiring his patriotic poem .) In 1818, after five more states had been admitted, Congress enacted legislation pertaining to a new flag, requiring that henceforth the number of stripes should remain 13, the number of stars should always match the number of states, and any new star should be added on the July 4 following a state\u2019s admission. This has been the system ever since. In all, from 1777 to 1960 (after the admission of Hawaii in 1959) there were 27 versions of the flag\u201425 involving changes in the stars only. An executive order of Oct. 29, 1912, standardized the proportions and relative sizes of the elements of the flag; in 1934 the exact shades of colour were standardized. [PAR] There is no official assignment of meaning or symbolism to the colours of the flag. However,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carrie (1976) - IMDb Carrie (1976) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Carrie White, a shy, friendless teenage girl who is sheltered by her domineering, religious mother, unleashes her telekinetic powers after being humiliated by her classmates at her senior prom. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 15 Nov 2010 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 02 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 17 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Carrie \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A family's home is haunted by a host of ghosts. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.5/10 X [PAR] Several people are hunted by a cruel serial killer who kills his victims in their dreams. While the survivors are trying to find the reason for being chosen, the murderer won't lose any chance to kill them as soon as they fall asleep. [PAR] Director: Wes Craven [PAR] When a teenage girl is possessed by a mysterious entity, her mother seeks the help of two priests to save her daughter. [PAR] Director: William Friedkin [PAR] Fifteen years after murdering his sister on Halloween night 1963, Michael Myers escapes from a mental hospital and returns to the small town of Haddonfield to kill again. [PAR] Director: John Carpenter [PAR] Two siblings visit their grandfather's grave in Texas along with three of their friends and are attacked by a family of cannibalistic psychopaths. [PAR] Director: Tobe Hooper [PAR] A young couple move into an apartment, only to be surrounded by peculiar neighbors and occurrences. When the wife becomes mysteriously pregnant, paranoia over the safety of her unborn child begins to control her life. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] A year after the murder of her mother, a teenage girl is terrorized by a new killer, who targets the girl and her friends by using horror films as part of a deadly game. [PAR] Director: Wes Craven [PAR] A group of camp counselors is stalked and murdered by an unknown assailant while trying to reopen a summer camp which, years before, was the site of a child's drowning. [PAR] Director: Sean S. Cunningham [PAR] Mysterious deaths surround an American ambassador. Could the child that he is raising actually be the Antichrist? The Devil's own son? [PAR] Director: Richard Donner [PAR] There is panic throughout the nation as the dead suddenly come back to life. The film follows a group of characters who barricade themselves in an old farmhouse in an attempt to remain safe from these flesh eating monsters. [PAR] Director: George A. Romero [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.9/10 X [PAR] A reimagining of the classic horror tale about Carrie White, a shy girl outcast by her peers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neanderthal, Germany - Factbites Neanderthal, Germany - Factbites [PAR] Neanderthal [PAR] Neanderthal man. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 [PAR] The unique anatomy of Neanderthals probably reflects the fact that they were the first hominid to spend extensive periods of time in extremely cold environments, having evolved in Europe at the onset of the most recent glaciation of that continent (see Pleistocene epoch). [PAR] Neanderthal phylogeny remains somewhat enigmatic, despite the relative abundance of fossil remains. [PAR] Culturally, Neanderthals are closely associated with a stone-tool tradition known as the Mousterian of the middle Paleolithic. [PAR] www.bartleby.com /65/nn/Nndrtlmn.html (526 words) [PAR] Tony's HISTORY [PAR] Neanderthal man a subspecies of homo sapien, the species to which contemporary humans belong, known as human neandertalensis after Neanderthal, Germany, the valley where the first specimen was found. [PAR] The unique anatomy of Neanderthals probably reflects the fact that they were the first hominid to spend extensive periods of time in extremely cold environments, having evolved in Europe at the onset of the most recent glaciation of that continent. [PAR] Controversy also persists regarding the fate of Neanderthals, with opinion divided between those who argue that they became extinct and were replaced by modern man and those who argue that their anatomical distinctions were diluted through gene flow with other homo sapien. [PAR] www.angelfire.com /pro/history2/man (360 words) [PAR] Neanderthals were a species that lived in Europe and western Asia from more than 200,000 years ago to about 30,000 years ago. [PAR] Neanderthals are believed to have been relatively sophisticated, but lacking in humans'higher reasoning functions. [PAR] That study suggested that Neanderthals and humans split from a common ancestor a half-million years ago and backed the theory that Neanderthals were an evolutionary dead end. [PAR] www.foxnews.com /wires/2006Jul21/0,4670,NeanderthalGenome,00.html (474 words) [PAR] Neanderthal at AllExperts [PAR] Neanderthals had many adaptations to a cold climate, such as large braincases, short but robust builds, and large noses \u2014 traits selected by nature in cold climates, as observed in modern sub-arctic populations. [PAR] The Neanderthals were fully bipedal and had a slightly larger average brain capacity than a typical modern human, though it is thought the brain structure was organised differently. [PAR] In popular idiom the word neanderthal is sometimes used as an insult, to suggest that a person combines a deficiency of intelligence and an attachment to brute force, as well as perhaps implying the person is old fashioned or attached to outdated ideas, much in the same way as \"dinosaur\" or \"Yahoo\" is also used. [PAR] en.allexperts.com /e/n/ne/neanderthal.htm (3073 words) [PAR] [PAR] Archaeological Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) [PAR] It was about 1829 or 1830 when fragments from the skull of a Neanderthal child were found in Belgium, and in 1848 a full skull of an adult was found in Gibraltar. [PAR] Of course this is disputable with the evidence of the average brain size of a Neanderthal compared with that of a modern human. [PAR] Neanderthals seemed to live primarily in Europe and in Western Asia, this is concluded because most of the fossils were found in these areas. [PAR] www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/neanderthal.html (525 words) [PAR] [PAR] Early Histories: Neanderthals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) [PAR] Early human, Neanderthal man (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis), existed between 230,000 and 30,000 years ago and is generally considered a subspecies of Homo sapiens. [PAR] Neanderthal fossil remains were first found in Neanderthal, W. Germany in 1856 . [PAR] The so-called classic Neanderthals were robust and had a large, thick skull, a sloping forehead, and a chinless jaw. [PAR] www.mikedust.com /history/neanderthal.html (176 words) [PAR] Analysis of one million base pairs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paradise Lost | Epic Poetry Paradise Lost | Epic Poetry [PAR] Paradise Lost [PAR] Home [PAR] Paradise Lost [PAR] Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608-1674). The first version, published in 1667, consisted of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse. A second edition followed in 1674, arranged into twelve books (in the manner of Virgil's Aeneid) with minor revisions throughout and a note on the versification. It is considered by critics to be Milton's major work, and helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time. [PAR] The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to \"justify the ways of God to men\". [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] The poem is separated into twelve \"books\" or sections, the lengths of which vary greatly (the longest is Book IX, with 1,189 lines, and the shortest Book VII, with 640). The Arguments at the head of each book were added in subsequent imprints of the first edition. Originally published in ten books, a fully \"Revised and Augmented\" edition reorganized into twelve books was issued in 1674, and this is the edition generally used today. [PAR] The poem follows the epic tradition of starting in medias res (Latin for in the midst of things), the background story being recounted later. [PAR] Milton's story has two narrative arcs, one about Satan (Lucifer) and the other following Adam and Eve. It begins after Satan and the other rebel angels have been defeated and banished to Hell, or, as it is also called in the poem, Tartarus. In Pand\u00e6monium, Satan employs his rhetorical skill to organise his followers; he is aided by Mammon and Beelzebub. Belial and Moloch are also present. At the end of the debate, Satan volunteers to poison the newly created Earth and God's new and most favoured creation, Mankind. He braves the dangers of the Abyss alone in a manner reminiscent of Odysseus or Aeneas. After an arduous traversal of the Chaos outside Hell, he enters God's new material World, and later the Garden of Eden. [PAR] At several points in the poem, an Angelic War over Heaven is recounted from different perspectives. Satan's rebellion follows the epic convention of large-scale warfare. The battles between the faithful angels and Satan's forces take place over three days. At the final battle, the Son of God single-handedly defeats the entire legion of angelic rebels and banishes them from Heaven. Following this purge, God creates the World, culminating in his creation of Adam and Eve. While God gave Adam and Eve total freedom and power to rule over all creation, he gave them one explicit command: not to eat from the Tree of the knowledge of good and evil on penalty of death. [PAR] The story of Adam and Eve's temptation and fall is a fundamentally different, new kind of epic: a domestic one. Adam and Eve are presented for the first time in Christian literature as having a full relationship while still being without sin. They have passions and distinct personalities. Satan, disguised in the form of a serpent, successfully tempts Eve to eat from the Tree by preying on her vanity and tricking her with rhetoric. Adam, learning that Eve has sinned, knowingly commits the same sin. He declares to Eve that since she was made from his flesh, they are bound to one another \u2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand National: Mouse Morris - From tragedy to triumph for ... Grand National: Mouse Morris - From tragedy to triumph for Aintree winner - BBC Sport [PAR] Grand National: Mouse Morris - From tragedy to triumph for Aintree winner [PAR] By Frank Keogh [PAR] From the section Horse Racing [PAR] Share this page [PAR] Rule The World's victory was a remarkable story in many different ways [PAR] \"He was doing overtime for me, poor old Tiff. It's just Disneyland, fairytale stuff.\" [PAR] The words of Grand National-winning trainer Mouse Morris on a day when the famous race delivered a plot Hollywood might struggle to match. [PAR] Irishman Morris had just won the Aintree marathon for the first time with the aptly named Rule The World, less than a fortnight after landing the Irish equivalent with Rogue Angel. [PAR] Tiff, or Tiffer, is the nickname of his beloved son Christopher, who died last year aged 30 of suspected carbon monoxide poisoning in Argentina. [PAR] It was like karma. The tragedy. Then the triumph. Teenage jockey David Mullins was enjoying his own fairytale too after his first ride in the race, with the celebrations shared by airline boss Michael O'Leary. [PAR] The Mouse that roared [PAR] Mouse Morris has few airs and graces, which belies his rather refined family background. [PAR] The son of Lord Killanin, former International Olympic Committee chief, he is a quietly spoken, scraggy-haired Irishman who must smoke 40 cigarettes a day - at a conservative estimate. [PAR] Michael Morris earned the nickname Mouse when he was an amateur rider. His brother Redmond is a film producer whose credits include 'The Reader'. The 2016 Grand National might be another project. [PAR] Morris celebrates Rogue Angel's win at the Irish Grand National at Fairyhouse [PAR] Mouse was sent to Ampleforth College in Yorkshire, although reports suggest he \"showed little enthusiasm\" for school. [PAR] He wanted to be a jockey, showed enthusiasm for that and became one of the best of his generation, including winning Cheltenham's Queen Mother Champion Chase twice in the 1970s on Skymas. [PAR] Mouse, who is based in Tipperary, turned to training 36 years ago. This first National triumph, after 17 previously unsuccessful runners, adds to a CV that includes a Cheltenham Gold Cup triumph with War Of Attrition in 2006. [PAR] When I asked him on Friday if he might do the Irish-English National double, he looked to the skies and said: \"He's answered the question once, he might not answer a second time.\" [PAR] Rule The World - rule breaker [PAR] There are various theories about what you need to win the National, but 33-1 outsider Rule The World did not pay any heed to them. [PAR] This was his first win over fences, in the most famous horse race in the world. [PAR] What's in a name? [PAR] Ruler of The World - Won the Derby at Epsom 2013 [PAR] Rule The World - Won the Grand National at Aintree 2016 [PAR] Two serious pelvic injuries meant the horse had spent some time on the sidelines, but he was nursed back to fitness and finished a narrow runner-up in last year's Irish National. [PAR] \"When you consider the injuries he has been through you can only call him a horse of iron, but a pure gentleman,\" said Morris, who turned 65 on Monday. [PAR] Hard lines elsewhere [PAR] For much of the race it looked like the joint favourite The Last Samuri might triumph for trainer Kim Bailey, who has also had his lows since winning here with Mr Frisk in 1990."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zirconium - Element information, properties and uses ... Zirconium - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table [PAR] Chemistry in its element: zirconium [PAR] (Promo) [PAR] You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by Chemistry World, the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry. [PAR] (End promo) [PAR] Chris Smith [PAR] Hello and welcome to our tour of the unusual, exciting and deadly aspects of the elements that make up the world around us. We're kicking off our journey through the Periodic Table with a chemical that sometimes masquerades as diamond but is equally at home in the core of a nuclear reactor or even in an ironworks. To tell the story of this mysterious entity which is otherwise known as zirconium, here's chemist and award winning author John Emsley. [PAR] John Emsley [PAR] Zirconium. Wear it flashing on your finger, or unseen within your frame, it holds the key to nuclear energy, and it's got a gem-like name. It's zirconium. [PAR] The name zirconium comes from the Arabic word zargun which refers to a golden-hued gemstone known since Biblical times called zircon. Today artificial gems are made from Zirconium oxide known as cubic zirconia and they sparkle with more brilliance than diamond although they are not as hard. What distinguishes them from real diamond is their higher density of 6.0 g cm-3 compared to diamond's 3.52. [PAR] Zirconium is abundant in S-type stars in which heavier elements are formed by neutron capture. Traces are also present in the Sun. Rock brought back from the moon was found to have a surprisingly high zirconium content. Down here on Earth zircons has shown that life might have started much earlier than once thought. These were found in Australia in the year 2000 were 4.4 billion years old, and their oxygen isotope ratio of O16/O18 showed they could only have been formed when there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth, and this was nearly 500 million years earlier than previously assumed. [PAR] In the Middle Ages colourless gemstones of zircon were thought to be an inferior kind of diamond, but that was shown to be wrong when a German chemist, Martin Klaproth (1743-1817), analysed one in 1789 and discovered zirconium. Klaproth was unable to isolate the metal itself. That was achieved in 1824 by the Swedish chemist J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius but there was little use for it or its chemical compounds, and so it languished for a century or more. [PAR] Today this element is widely used, as zircon, as Zirconium oxide and as the metal itself. Zirconium is to be found in ceramics, foundry equipment, glass, chemicals, and metal alloys. [PAR] Zircon sand is used for heat-resistant linings for furnaces, for giant ladles for molten metal, and to make foundry moulds. Mixed with vanadium or praseodymium zircon makes blue and yellow pigments for glazing pottery and tiles. [PAR] Zirconium oxide is used to make heat resistant crucibles, ceramics and abrasives. A red-hot crucible made from it can be plunged into cold water without cracking. Zirconium oxide is to be found in ultra-strong ceramics that are stronger and sharper even than toughened steel and are used for knives, scissors and golf irons. Production of pure zirconium oxide is almost 25 000 tons per year, and it also goes into various chemicals that end up as cosmetics, antiperspirants, food packaging, and even fake gems. The paper and packaging industry is finding zirconium compounds make good surface coatings because they have excellent water resistance and strength. Equally important is their low toxicity. [PAR] Zirconium metal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Shakespeare Biography - cliffsnotes.com William Shakespeare Biography [PAR] William Shakespeare Biography [PAR] Bookmark this page Manage My Reading List [PAR] Personal Background [PAR] Only a few documents chronicle William Shakespeare's life, and thus, scholars have been forced to attempt a reconstruction of the playwright's years based on whatever official records have survived. Shakespeare's father moved to Stratford-upon-Avon from nearby Snitterfield sometime before 1557, when he married Mary Arden, the daughter of a prosperous farmer. John Shakespeare was a leather worker and merchant, who held several posts in local government after he settled in Stratford. After the couple married, they had eight children. William Shakespeare was the third child and the first son born to the couple. His baptism was recorded April 26, 1564, and although the exact date of his birth is not known, it is now celebrated on April 23, which is also the day on which he died in 1616. [PAR] Education and Marriage [PAR] Shakespeare's education is a matter of speculation, because no school records have ever been found; likely, he attended the local grammar school, King's New School, which was free. Shakespeare probably began school at the age of 4 or 5, as most boys did, in a school affiliated with the grammar school. At age 7, he would have transferred to King's New School, which emphasized a liberal arts education. Shakespeare would have learned Latin while at this school, since the study of Latin was central to most Elizabethan education. His education ended after grammar school, and Shakespeare did not attend university. [PAR] In November 1582, an 18-year-old Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway. Their daughter Susanna was baptized six months later. On February 2, 1585, twins, Hamnet and Judith, were also baptized. Hamnet died at age 11, but both Susanna and Judith lived to be adults, marrying, and providing Shakespeare with grandchildren. [PAR] Career Highlights [PAR] There are no definitive records of Shakespeare's life between the birth of his twins in 1585 and reference to his stage success, noted in a letter dated 1592, but it is thought that he went to London sometime around 1587 or 1588. Records indicate that Shakespeare appeared as an actor and as a playwright. He also made money as shareholder in an acting company, The Lord Chamberlain's Men, and as such, he would have received a share of the gate receipts. But most actors and playwrights depended on patronage for their survival, and this was also true for Shakespeare. Eventually, Shakespeare became one of the owners of the Globe theatre, which was built in 1599. He later became an investor in the Blackfriars theatre, which opened in 1609. Shakespeare wrote many of his plays specifically for performance in these two theatres. [PAR] Shakespeare's Literary Works [PAR] Shakespeare was very casual about the publication of his works, apparently having little interest in saving his writings. The 1623 Folio contains most of Shakespeare's plays, but they were not published in chronological order and do not include the dates of their original composition. Instead, the best scholars can do is to examine the Quarto editions, published during Shakespeare's life, or references from contemporary letters or diaries and try to determine from those dates the possible timeframe for a play's first performance. After careful research, scholars have assigned probable dates of composition to Shakespeare's work, and those dates, used by the editors of the Oxford Shakespeare and adopted by other editors, including the editors of the Norton Shakespeare, will be used in the following discussion of the texts' probable dates of composition. In general, the plays before 1600 were histories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] sceptre - definition of sceptre in English from the Oxford ... sceptre - definition of sceptre in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of sceptre in English: [PAR] sceptre [PAR] An ornamented staff carried by rulers on ceremonial occasions as a symbol of sovereignty: [PAR] \u2018imperial regalia of orb and sceptre\u2019 [PAR] figurative \u2018a blue worker's smock is his robe of office, his sceptre a venerable hoe\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018The roof is ornamented with three cherubs, representing England, Scotland and Ireland, supporting the royal crown and holding the sceptre, sword of state and ensign of knighthood.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Room after room of the Armoury reveals incredible riches, including the imperial crown, mace and sceptre of the Tsars.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018In her left hand she carries the sceptre of state; in her right the orb.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Each was swathed in robes of black, and all carried the sceptre that befitted their station.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018As an act of humility, before a mass to which she had invited the poor, she gave the royal scepter to the most indigent and had the royal crown placed on his head.\u2019 [PAR] Synonyms [PAR] View synonyms [PAR] Origin [PAR] Middle English: from Old French ceptre, via Latin from Greek sk\u0113ptron, from sk\u0113ptein (alteration of sk\u0113ptesthai) lean on. [PAR] Pronunciation: [PAR] Matching verbs to collective nouns [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] Each band perform three songs. [PAR] Each band performs three songs. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] The band are the best singers I've ever heard. [PAR] The band is the best singers I've ever heard. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] People needs to be aware of the dangers. [PAR] People need to be aware of the dangers. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] Every family owns a TV. [PAR] Every family own a TV. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] The interview panel comprises three women. [PAR] The interview panel comprise three women. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] Which team is going to win? [PAR] Which team are going to win? [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] We believe the jury have reached their verdict. [PAR] We believe the jury has reached their verdict. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] More people are shopping online. [PAR] More people is shopping online. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] The gang has escaped. [PAR] Which of these sentences is correct? [PAR] Some people hates technology. [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry [PAR] Most popular in the world [PAR] Australia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2007 Coutet, Sauternes - SKU - K&L Wine Merchants 2007 Coutet, Sauternes - SKU [PAR] : 2007 Coutet, Sauternes [PAR] 2007 Coutet, Sauternes [PAR] SKU #1054168 95 points Wine Spectator [PAR] Offers fascinating aromas of cooked apple, clove and honey that follow through to a full body, with superlively acidity and spicy blanched almond and honey character on the palate. Long and powerful, showing amazing botrytis character, with so much spice and richness, yet also freshness. Even better than the superb 2006. Best after 2015. [PAR] (3/2010) [PAR] 94 points Robert Parker's Wine Advocate [PAR] Tasted single blind against its peers. The Chateau Coutet 2007 has a very intense bouquet with lemon curd and orange blossom mixed with clear honey. There is impressive precision here, almost crystalline. The palate is medium-bodied with very fine viscous entry, great weight and intensity with racy acidity. There is also much tension cutting through the layers of viscous fruit on the sorbet-like finish. This is a typical Coutet through and through and it should age effortlessly over 20-30 years. Tasted January 2011. [PAR] (2/2012) [PAR] 93 points Wine Enthusiast [PAR] The aromas are intensely sweet, full of orange marmalade and honey. The palate goes more for spice, with oranges and brown sugar allied to fresh fruits, apricots and lychees. The final flavors are delicious and enticing. [PAR] (6/2010) [PAR] 92 points Stephen Tanzer's International Wine Cellar [PAR] Full medium gold. Pineapple, orange, toffee, nutty oak and a whiff of spun sugar on the enticing nose. Sweet but youthful and tangy, with lively acidity and underlying minerality giving an incisive quality to the bright core of pineapple and apricot fruit. At once rich and sharply focused, finishing with excellent length and verve. This should evolve slowly. [PAR] (8/2010) [PAR] ST 92 [PAR] Real Time Inventory by location: [PAR] The item you have chosen is not in stock in our retail stores or within our main warehouse. [PAR] Product turnaround time varies by location of inventory and your chosen method of shipping/pickup. For a detailed explanation click here . [PAR] Product Reviews: [PAR] Varietal: [PAR] Semillon [PAR] - A rich, viscous, full-flavored but subtly-scented and botrytis-prone white grape, S\u00e9millon reaches magical heights when infected with \"noble rot\" and combined with even small amounts of the aromatic and high-acid Sauvignon Blanc to make Sauternes, one of the world's most revered and longest-lived wines, and in the sweet wines of surrounding regions like Barsac. S\u00e9millon's most famous incarnation is in the wines of Ch\u00e2teau d'Yquem, one of the world's most expensive wines, and one that has been known to evolve for centuries. It frequently dominates, but not by much, in the oak-aged whites of Bordeaux's Graves and Pessac-L\u00e9ognan, creating honeyed and viscous wines that are unlike any others. Elsewhere in Bordeaux and around France it takes on a supporting role in the wines of Entre-Deux-Mers and the M\u00e9doc. While planted throughout France, Europe, California and Washington, S\u00e9millon's role as underling usually keeps it out of the spotlight with a few winery-specific exceptions. However, the grape is allowed to shine in Australia's Hunter Valley, where it is used to make an elegant dry wine often called, perplexingly, Hunter Valley Riesling. It also makes some incredible dry, oaked wines from the Barossa and lovely stickies in the style of Sauternes. [PAR] Country: [PAR] France [PAR] - When it comes to wine, France stands alone. No other country can beat it in terms of quality and diversity. And while many of its Region, Bordeaux, Burgundy and Champagne most obviously, produce wine as rare, as sought-after and nearly as expensive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beaufort Wind Scale - Storm Prediction Center Beaufort Wind Scale [PAR] Beaufort Wind Scale [PAR] Developed in 1805 by Sir Francis Beaufort, U.K. Royal Navy [PAR] Force [PAR] Sea surface smooth and mirror-like [PAR] Calm, smoke rises vertically [PAR] Scaly ripples, no foam crests [PAR] Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still wind vanes [PAR] 2 [PAR] Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking [PAR] Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes begin to move [PAR] 3 [PAR] Large wavelets, crests begin to break, scattered whitecaps [PAR] Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended [PAR] 4 [PAR] Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming longer, numerous whitecaps [PAR] Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small tree branches move [PAR] 5 [PAR] Moderate waves 4-8 ft taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray [PAR] Small trees in leaf begin to sway [PAR] 6 [PAR] Larger waves 8-13 ft, whitecaps common, more spray [PAR] Larger tree branches moving, whistling in wires [PAR] 7 [PAR] Sea heaps up, waves 13-19 ft, white foam streaks off breakers [PAR] Whole trees moving, resistance felt walking against wind [PAR] 8 [PAR] 34-40 [PAR] Gale [PAR] Moderately high (18-25 ft) waves of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam blown in streaks [PAR] Twigs breaking off trees, generally impedes progress [PAR] 9 [PAR] 41-47 [PAR] Strong Gale [PAR] High waves (23-32 ft), sea begins to roll, dense streaks of foam, spray may reduce visibility [PAR] Slight structural damage occurs, slate blows off roofs [PAR] 10 [PAR] 48-55 [PAR] Storm [PAR] Very high waves (29-41 ft) with overhanging crests, sea white with densely blown foam, heavy rolling, lowered visibility [PAR] Seldom experienced on land, trees broken or uprooted, \"considerable structural damage\" [PAR] 11[DOC] [TLE] Beaufort Wind Force Scale - STORMFAX Beaufort Wind Scale [PAR] Beaufort Wind Scale [PAR] Devised by British Rear-Admiral, Sir Francis Beaufort in 1805 [PAR] based on observations of the effects of the wind [PAR] Beaufort [PAR] Effects observed on the sea [PAR] Effects observed on land [PAR] Sea is like a mirror [PAR] 1 [PAR] Ripples with appearance of scales; no foam crests [PAR] 2 [PAR] Small wavelets; crests of glassy appearance, not breaking [PAR] 3 [PAR] Large wavelets; crests begin to break; scattered whitecaps [PAR] 4 [PAR] Small waves, becoming longer; numerous whitecaps [PAR] 5 [PAR] Moderate waves, taking longer form; many whitecaps; some spray [PAR] 6 [PAR] Larger waves forming; whitecaps everywhere; more spray [PAR] 7 [PAR] Sea heaps up; white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks [PAR] 8 [PAR] 18-25 [PAR] Gale [PAR] Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift; foam is blown in well-marked streaks [PAR] 9 [PAR] 23-32 [PAR] Strong gale [PAR] High waves; sea begins to roll; dense streaks of foam; spray may begin to reduce visibility [PAR] 10 [PAR] 29-41 [PAR] Storm [PAR] Very high waves with overhanging crests; sea takes white appearance as foam is blown in very dense streaks; rolling is heavy and visibility is reduced [PAR] 11 [PAR] Exceptionally high waves; sea covered with white foam patches; visibility further reduced [PAR] 12 [PAR] Air filled with foam; sea completely white with driving spray; visibility greatly reduced [PAR] * World Meteorological Organization [PAR] Fujita Scale of Tornado Intensity [PAR] STORMFAX and the STORMFAX logos are registered trademarks in the United States and Canada [PAR] Please read our Legal Notice and our Privacy Statement. [PAR] \u00a91996-2017 STORMFAX"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New trains for the \u201cClockwork Orange\u201d sub-surface rail ... New trains for the \u201cClockwork Orange\u201d sub-surface rail network | Rail.co.uk [PAR] New trains for the \u201cClockwork Orange\u201d sub-surface rail network [PAR] Published: 5th March 2016 [PAR] Glasgow Subway deal for Swiss and Italians [PAR] Glasgow Subway is to get new trains in a \u00a3200 million deal with a consortium of Swiss and Italian companies. [PAR] Known to generations of Glaswegians by the unofficial title of \u201cClockwork Orange\u201d because of its colour scheme and frequency of service, the underground railway has long been noted as a bastion of British engineering. Its nickname tends to be frowned upon officially, with the designation \u201cGlasgow Subway\u201d being preferred. [PAR] The biggest of Scotland\u2019s seven regional transport partnerships, Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT), operates the Glasgow Subway, a circle line of twin tracks on a gauge of four-feet. Opened in 1896 it originally used cable haulage until modernisation and electrification in the 1930s. [PAR] There have been other modernisation schemes since, including recent refurbishment and reconstruction of several stations. Existing trains were refurbished in Scotland but will soon be due for complete replacement. The new trains are expected to be in traffic by the year 2020. [PAR] The trains will be in four-car sets compared to today\u2019s trains which are made up of three-car units. [PAR] SPT has announced that the contract for new trains and associated signalling has gone to the Stadler Bussnang AG / Ansaldo STS Consortium. Stadler are Swiss train-builders while the Italian firm Ansaldo made its name for signalling. [PAR] Jonathan Findlay, who chairs SPT, said: \"The new rolling stock will provide the travelling public with a much improved journey experience and the system will be more flexible in terms of frequency and availability.\" [PAR] Trains will be capable of operation without drivers. There will be dedicated spaces on the trains for wheelchair-users for the first time. [PAR] A new transport interchange is under construction at Govan. There are convenient connections with buses at several stations, and interchanges with ScotRail at Partick and Glasgow Queen Street (where the adjacent Subway station is named \u201cBuchanan Street\u201d). St Enoch is the nearest Subway station to Glasgow Central. [PAR] External Links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten : NPR After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten : NPR [PAR] After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten [PAR] After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, is tucked inside her capsule and ready to launch into space aboard a Jupiter missile. She traveled into space on May 28, 1959, along with Able, an American-born rhesus monkey. NASA hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] NASA [PAR] Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, is tucked inside her capsule and ready to launch into space aboard a Jupiter missile. She traveled into space on May 28, 1959, along with Able, an American-born rhesus monkey. [PAR] NASA [PAR] Able is extricated from the nose cone after it was recovered from the ocean. NASA hide caption [PAR] toggle caption [PAR] Able is extricated from the nose cone after it was recovered from the ocean. [PAR] NASA [PAR] In Huntsville, Ala., there is an unusual grave site where, instead of flowers, people sometimes leave bananas. [PAR] The gravestone reads: \"Miss Baker, squirrel monkey, first U.S. animal to fly in space and return alive. May 28, 1959.\" [PAR] Fifty years ago, when Baker made her famous flight, she had some company in the nose cone of the Jupiter ballistic missile: a rhesus monkey named Able. [PAR] Able and Baker were shot about 360 miles up into space and experienced about nine minutes of weightlessness. Their safe return occurred two years before any humans flew into space, and it made them huge celebrities. [PAR] The monkeys appeared on the cover of Life magazine, and at a press conference, news correspondents \"pushed each other and clambered over chairs to get closer,\" reported The New York Times. [PAR] Meanwhile, the newspaper noted, \"the monkeys were far less excited than the humans. They munched peanuts and crackers.\" [PAR] Early Space Travelers [PAR] Able and Baker were not the first living creatures to return to Earth alive from space, although that myth seems to be out there, says Chris Dubbs, co-author of the book Animals in Space: From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle. [PAR] Article continues after sponsorship [PAR] In 1947, the United States sent up fruit flies, which were the first living things to travel into space, Dubbs says. \"And then they started sending monkeys.\" [PAR] America's first attempt to send up a monkey was in 1948. For over a decade, all monkey flights failed for one reason or another, Dubbs says. [PAR] In one case, the rocket exploded. Another monkey died on impact when its parachute failed. After another parachute failure, a monkey plummeted into the sea and was never recovered. One monkey mission saw the animals return home safely, but their vehicle hadn't traveled high enough for them to actually reach space. [PAR] Meanwhile, the Soviets were sending up dogs and having success bringing them back alive from suborbital flights, Dubbs says. At least 30 of those animals returned alive. [PAR] The first animal who actually orbited the planet was a dog named Laika, though she did not survive the entire flight. She was launched in 1957 in Sputnik 2. [PAR] \"Americans were aware of this,\" Dubbs says, \"and the space race was clearly on by the time that Able and Baker came on the scene.\" [PAR] Two Tiny Astronauts [PAR] Able was a rhesus monkey, and Baker was a much smaller squirrel monkey. [PAR] Because the rhesus monkey is revered by some in India, U.S. officials"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Humphry Davy - Spartacus Educational Humphry Davy [PAR] Humphry Davy [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] Humphry Davy [PAR] Humphry Davy, a woodcarver's son, was born in Penzance in 1778. After being educated in Truro, Davy was apprenticed to a Penzance surgeon. In 1797 he took up chemistry and was taken on by Thomas Beddoes, as an assistant at his Medical Pneumatic Institution in Bristol . Here he experimented with various new gases and discovered the anesthetic effect of laughing gas (nitrous oxide). [PAR] Davy published details of his research in his book Researches, Chemical and Philosophical (1799). This led to Davy being appointed as a lecturer at the Royal Institution. He was a talented teacher and his lectures attracted large audiences. [PAR] In 1806 Davy published On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity . The following year he discovered that the alkalis and alkaline earths are compound substances formed by oxygen united with metallic bases. He also used electrolysis to discover new metals such as potassium, sodium, barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium. [PAR] Davy was now considered to be Britain's leading scientist and in 1812 was knighted by George III . His biographer, David Knight, wrote: \"On 8 April 1812 Davy was knighted by the prince regent, and on the 11th he and Jane Apreece were married by the bishop of Carlisle at Jane's mother's house in Portland Place. They spent their honeymoon in Scotland, staying with eminent people; Davy took his little apparatus with him, and conducted some researches on gunpowder. He gave up his courses of lectures, and wrote up his Elements of Chemical Philosophy the same year. This, dedicated to Jane, dealt with his own work, and was meant to be the first of a multi-volume set, but it did not sell well, for it was not a satisfactory textbook and his researches were accessible in the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions.\" [PAR] Michael Faraday saw Davy lecture in 1813: \"Sir H. Davy proceeded to make a few observations on the connections of science with other parts of polished and social life. Here it would be impossible for me to follow him. I should merely injure and destroy the beautiful and sublime observations that fell from his lips. He spoke in the most energetic and luminous manner of the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. Of the connection that had always existed between them and other parts of a Nation's economy. During the whole of these observations his delivery was easy, his diction elegant, his tone good and his sentiments sublime.\" In 1813 Faraday became his temporary assistant and spent the next 18 months touring Europe while during Davy's investigations into his theory of volcanic action. [PAR] In 1815 Humphry Davy invented a safety lamp for use in gassy coalmines, allowing deep coal seams to be mined despite the presence of firedamp (methane). This led to some controversy as George Stephenson , working in a colliery near Newcastle , also produced a safety lamp that year. Both men claimed that they were first to come up with this invention. Stephenson wrote in The Philosophical Magazine in 1817: \"The principles upon which a safety lamp might be constructed I stated to several persons long before Sir Humphrey Davy came into this part of the country. The plan of such a lamp was seen by several and the lamp itself was in the hands of the manufacturers during the time he was here.\" [PAR] One of Davy's most important contributions to history was that he encouraged manufacturers to take a scientific approach to production. His discoveries in chemistry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Jane Eyre: Plot Overview SparkNotes: Jane Eyre: Plot Overview [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] Jane Eyre is a young orphan being raised by Mrs. Reed, her cruel, wealthy aunt. A servant named Bessie provides Jane with some of the few kindnesses she receives, telling her stories and singing songs to her. One day, as punishment for fighting with her bullying cousin John Reed, Jane\u2019s aunt imprisons Jane in the red-room, the room in which Jane\u2019s Uncle Reed died. While locked in, Jane, believing that she sees her uncle\u2019s ghost, screams and faints. She wakes to find herself in the care of Bessie and the kindly apothecary Mr. Lloyd, who suggests to Mrs. Reed that Jane be sent away to school. To Jane\u2019s delight, Mrs. Reed concurs. [PAR] Once at the Lowood School, Jane finds that her life is far from idyllic. The school\u2019s headmaster is Mr. Brocklehurst, a cruel, hypocritical, and abusive man. Brocklehurst preaches a doctrine of poverty and privation to his students while using the school\u2019s funds to provide a wealthy and opulent lifestyle for his own family. At Lowood, Jane befriends a young girl named Helen Burns, whose strong, martyrlike attitude toward the school\u2019s miseries is both helpful and displeasing to Jane. A massive typhus epidemic sweeps Lowood, and Helen dies of consumption. The epidemic also results in the departure of Mr. Brocklehurst by attracting attention to the insalubrious conditions at Lowood. After a group of more sympathetic gentlemen takes Brocklehurst\u2019s place, Jane\u2019s life improves dramatically. She spends eight more years at Lowood, six as a student and two as a teacher. [PAR] After teaching for two years, Jane yearns for new experiences. She accepts a governess position at a manor called Thornfield, where she teaches a lively French girl named Ad\u00e8le. The distinguished housekeeper Mrs. Fairfax presides over the estate. Jane\u2019s employer at Thornfield is a dark, impassioned man named Rochester, with whom Jane finds herself falling secretly in love. She saves Rochester from a fire one night, which he claims was started by a drunken servant named Grace Poole. But because Grace Poole continues to work at Thornfield, Jane concludes that she has not been told the entire story. Jane sinks into despondency when Rochester brings home a beautiful but vicious woman named Blanche Ingram. Jane expects Rochester to propose to Blanche. But Rochester instead proposes to Jane, who accepts almost disbelievingly. [PAR] The wedding day arrives, and as Jane and Mr. Rochester prepare to exchange their vows, the voice of Mr. Mason cries out that Rochester already has a wife. Mason introduces himself as the brother of that wife\u2014a woman named Bertha. Mr. Mason testifies that Bertha, whom Rochester married when he was a young man in Jamaica, is still alive. Rochester does not deny Mason\u2019s claims, but he explains that Bertha has gone mad. He takes the wedding party back to Thornfield, where they witness the insane Bertha Mason scurrying around on all fours and growling like an animal. Rochester keeps Bertha hidden on the third story of Thornfield and pays Grace Poole to keep his wife under control. Bertha was the real cause of the mysterious fire earlier in the story. Knowing that it is impossible for her to be with Rochester, Jane flees Thornfield. [PAR] Penniless and hungry, Jane is forced to sleep outdoors and beg for food. At last, three siblings who live in a manor alternatively called Marsh End and Moor House take her in. Their names are Mary, Diana, and St. John (pronounced \u201cSinjin\u201d) Rivers, and Jane quickly becomes friends with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath - Jun 20, 1789 ... Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath - Jun 20, 1789 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath [PAR] Author [PAR] Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In Versailles, France, the deputies of the Third Estate, which represent commoners and the lower clergy, meet on the Jeu de Paume, an indoor tennis court, in defiance of King Louis XVI\u2019s order to disperse. In these modest surroundings, they took a historic oath not to disband until a new French constitution had been adopted. [PAR] Louis XVI, who ascended the French throne in 1774, proved unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems he had inherited from his grandfather, King Louis XV. In 1789, in a desperate attempt to address France\u2019s economic crisis, Louis XVI assembled the Estates-General, a national assembly that represented the three \u201cestates\u201d of the French people\u2013the nobles, the clergy, and the commons. The Estates-General had not been assembled since 1614, and its deputies drew up long lists of grievances and called for sweeping political and social reforms. [PAR] The Third Estate, which had the most representatives, declared itself the National Assembly and took an oath to force a new constitution on the king. Initially seeming to yield, Louis legalized the National Assembly under the Third Estate but then surrounded Versailles with troops and dismissed Jacques Necker, a popular minister of state who had supported reforms. In response, Parisians mobilized and on July 14 stormed the Bastille\u2013a state prison where they believed ammunition was stored\u2013and the French Revolution began. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Tennis Court Oath: 1789 - Then Again WebChron Tennis Court Oath: 1789 [PAR] Back to \"French Revolution\" Chronology [PAR] A debate quickly ensued about how the Third Estate was going to protect themselves from those in positions of authority who wanted to destroy them. Some deputies believed that they should retreat to Paris where the people would be more likely to protect them from the King's army. Mounier warned that such a step would be blatantly revolutionary and politically dangerous. Therefore, Mounier proposed that the Third Estate adopt an oath of allegiance. The proposed oath was to read that they would remain assembled until a constitution had been written, meeting wherever it was required and resisting pressures form the outside to disband. The proposal was a success and the later named Tennis Court Oath was promptly written and immediately signed by 577 (only one man, Martin Dauch, refused, saying that he could not do anything which his King had not sanctioned). [PAR] The Tennis Court Oath was an assertion that sovereignty of the people did not reside in the King, but in the people themselves and their representatives. It was the first assertion of revolutionary authority by the Third Estate and it united virtually all its members to common action. It's success can be seen in the fact that a scant week later Louis XVI called for a meeting together of the Estates General for the purpose of writing a constitution. [PAR] Sources:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo and Cockney Rhyming Slang - Bingo Terms Bingo and Cockney Rhyming Slang - Bingo Terms [PAR] Bingo Terms [PAR] Sites of Interest [PAR] Bingo and Cockney Rhyming Slang [PAR] In bingo, a lot of the numbers have been given rhyming nicknames that come from Cockney rhyming slang. For example, number 3 is \u201cone little flea\u201d, number 25 is sometimes called \u201cduck and dive\u201d and number 86 is \u201cbetween the sticks\u201d. [PAR] Bingo callers \u2013 the people who call out the numbers \u2013 often improvise or alternate between using different nicknames for the same numbers. So even the number 8, which is usually known as the \u201cfat lady\u201d, may be called as \u201cat the gate\u201d. The number 3 may be called as \u201ccup of tea\u201d or even \u201cmonkey on the tree\u201d. [PAR] Origins of Cockney Rhyming Slang [PAR] The real Cockney rhyming slang doesn\u2019t use just a rhyming word in place of another word. It\u2019s more complicated than that. It uses just one word out of phrase that rhymes. [PAR] Take \u201cuse your loaf\u201d, which means \u201cuse your head\u201d. Originally, someone figured that \u201cloaf of bread\u201d rhymes with head and started using \u201cloaf\u201d instead of \u201chead\u201d. The word took, and \u201cuse your loaf\u201d was added to the dictionary of cockney rhyming slang. [PAR] Consider another example. If you \u201chave a butcher\u2019s\u201d, it means you have a look. This came from \u201cbutcher\u2019s hook\u201d, which of course rhymes with \u201clook\u201d. [PAR] Most recently, even Britney Spears has featured in cockney rhyming slang. Britney Spears rhymes with \u201cbeers\u201d, so \u2013 you guessed it \u2013 \u201cbritneys\u201d is used to mean beers. [PAR] Nobody\u2019s sure exactly why or how Cockneys started using rhyming slang, but many people think it was a way to keep outsiders from knowing what they were saying. This could obviously come in useful, whether the outsiders were coppers or naive visitors to markets. [PAR] Cockney Rhyming Slang and Bingo Numbers [PAR] Here are some examples of popular Cockney rhyming slang for bingo numbers. Be warned though, bingo callers may improvise! [PAR] 2. Me and you, Peek a boo [PAR] 3. One little flea, Cup of tea, Monkey on the tree [PAR] 4. The one next door, On the floor, Shut the door [PAR] 5. Man alive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA World Cup Most Entertaining Team - Football FIFA World Cup Most Entertaining Team - Football World Cup Most Entertaining Team [PAR] Football \u00bb FIFA World Cup Awards \u00bb Most Entertaining Team [PAR] Most Entertaining Team [PAR] A relatively new accolade, the Most Entertaining Team Award at the FIFA World Cup was first handed out to Brazil in 1994. After easy victories over Cameroon and Russia, Brazil drew with Sweden and went on win the following match with the USA to advance to the quarter-finals. The match against Netherlands was the one that decisively got them the Most Entertaining Team Award, with a goal-less first half Brazil stepped up the heat scoring twice in the second half to which the Netherlands replied with two goals of their own. Brazil\u2019s Branco fired in a third goal which took them to the final four. Even though the last two matches were uneventful with only one goal from Romario against Sweden in the semi-finals and Brazil winning the World via a penalty shoot-out against Italy in the final match, the Samba Kings were undoubtedly the most entertaining team at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. [PAR] The Most Entertaining Team award was scooped up by the 1998 World Cup Champions France in the same year. Thrashing South Africa and Saudi Arabia 3-0 and 4-0 respectively France got off to a flying start confirming maximum points in the group after beating Denmark. In the following rounds France continued with their brand of football, beating Paraguay 1-0 followed by a penalty shoot-out win against Italy. The semi-finals saw France conceding their second goal of the tournament yet hitting back and scoring a 2-1 win over Croatia to battle it out with title holders Brazil. France dominated the final match beating the Samba Kings 3-0 to lift the trophy and the award for Most Entertaining Team. [PAR] The 2002 FIFA World Cup saw co-hosts South Korea winning the Most Entertaining Team after coming out as one of the most surprising packages of the tournament. A 2-0 victory over Poland followed by a 1-1 draw over the USA put South Korea up against Portugal whom they defeated in one of the shock upsets of the tournaments. Drawn against eventual winners Italy, South Korea had to struggle to push the match into extra time where they scored a golden goal in another shock upset and what was to be one of the most memorable World Cup for the South Koreans. The Red Devils then went on to hold Spain to a goalless draw pushing them into a penalty shoot-out to secure a place in the final four. It was in the semi-finals that Germany ended their dream run with 1-0 win, followed by another loss to Turkey which put them in fourth position, nevertheless the Red Devils had done their share of entertaining the crowd and was rightfully awarded the Most Entertaining Team award by FIFA. [PAR] 2006 saw the Most Entertaining Team award go to another fourth placed team. After underperforming in the 2002 World Cup and the subsequent European Championships, Portugal came into the 2006 World Cup and blew away the competition in the first round winning all three games and walking away with the maximum nine points. The infamous match with Netherlands followed with a record total of sixteen yellow cards shown in the game with Portugal walking away with a slender 1-0 win. The quarter-finals witnessed the match against England progress to a penalty shoot-out with Portugal reaching the semi-finals after a forty year gap. A 1-0 defeat to France saw Portugal fighting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Appendix:List of Latin phrases (A\u2013E) - Wiktionary Appendix:List of Latin phrases (A\u2013E) - Wiktionary [PAR] Appendix:List of Latin phrases (A\u2013E) [PAR] Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary [PAR] Warning, this page may be too large for some browsers. If so, the sections can be reviewed individually: [PAR] Appendix:List of Latin phrases (A\u2013E) [PAR] This appendix lists direct English translations of Latin phrases. Some of the phrases are themselves translations of Greek phrases, as Greek rhetoric and literature reached its peak centuries before that of Ancient Rome: [PAR] Contents [PAR] a bene placito [PAR] \"from one who has been pleased well\" [PAR] Or \"at will\", \"at one's pleasure\". This phrase, and its Italian (beneplacito) and Spanish (benepl\u00e1cito) derivatives, are synonymous with the more common ad libitum (\"at pleasure\"). [PAR] abusus non tollit usum [PAR] \"abuse does not preclude proper use\" [PAR] a caelo usque ad centrum [PAR] \"from the sky to the center\" [PAR] Or \"from heaven all the way to the center of the earth\". In law, can refer to the obsolete cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos maxim of property ownership. [PAR] a capite ad calcem [PAR] From top to bottom; all the way through. Equally a pedibus usque ad caput. [PAR] a contrario [PAR] \"from the opposite\" [PAR] Equivalent to \"on the contrary\" or \"au contraire\". An argumentum a contrario is an \"argument from the contrary\", an argument or proof by contrast or direct opposite. [PAR] a Deucalione [PAR] a fortiori [PAR] \"from the stronger\" [PAR] Loosely, \"even more so\" or \"with even stronger reason\". Often used to lead from a less certain proposition to a more evident corollary. [PAR] a mari usque ad mare [PAR] \"from sea to sea\" [PAR] From Psalm 72:8, \"Et dominabitur a mari usque ad mare, et a flumine usque ad terminos terrae\" ( KJV : \"He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth\"). National motto of Canada . [PAR] a pedibus usque ad caput [PAR] \"from feet to head\" [PAR] Completely. Similar to the English expressions \"from tip to toe\" or \"from top to toe\". Equally a capite ad calcem. See also ab ovo usque ad mala. [PAR] a posse ad esse [PAR] \"from being able to being\" [PAR] \"From possibility to actuality\" or \"from being possible to being actual\" [PAR] a posteriori [PAR] \"from the latter\" [PAR] Based on observation (i.e., empirical knowledge ), the reverse of a priori. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known after a proof has been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something that can be known from empirical experience. [PAR] a priori [PAR] \"from the former\" [PAR] Presupposed, the reverse of a posteriori. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known or postulated before a proof has been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something that can be known without empirical experience. In everyday speech, it denotes something occurring or being known before the event. [PAR] ab absurdo [PAR] \"from the absurd\" [PAR] Said of an argument that seeks to prove a statement's validity by pointing out the absurdity of an opponent's position (cf. appeal to ridicule ) or that an assertion is false because of its absurdity. Not to be confused with a reductio ad absurdum , which is usually a valid logical argument. [PAR] ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia [PAR] \"a consequence from an abuse to a use is not valid\" [PAR] Inferences regarding something's use from its misuse are invalid. Rights abused are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doi Inthanon - Climbing Thailand's Highest Mountain Doi Inthanon - Climbing Thailand's Highest Mountain [PAR] Doi Inthanon - Climbing Thailand's Highest Mountain [PAR] www.doiinthanon.net [PAR] November 2011 [PAR] Climbing Doi Inthanon [PAR] I'd always suspected climbing Thailand's highest mountain was going to be easy. However, I didn't think it would be this easy. Evidently, about 200 other tourists also thought the same thing :) [PAR] Nevertheless, despite jostling for my turn to be photographed beneath the Thai Highpoint sign, the trip to the summit of Doi Inthanon is still a worthwhile and pleasant one-day excursion from nearby Chiang Mai, especially as there are a number of other interesting attractions in the vicinity of the summit. [PAR] | The Mountain | [PAR] Whilst nearby Chiang Mai enjoys year-round temperatures in the 20-30C range, Doi Inthanon is decidly cooler, with temperatures reaching zero during winter (December-January). The mountain is often shrouded in mist and heavy rain is not uncommon. The entire falls within the Doi Inthanon National Park, and while you may think this would open up all sorts of hiking trails, there are infact no hikes/trails to the mountain summit. The only way up is via road. [PAR] Covered in forest, the mountain is temperate and you'd certainly need at least a light sweater during the winter months. During our November climb, the temperature ranged from 2-12C. [PAR] | Getting to Doi Inthanon | [PAR] Whilst it is possible to catch public transport to Doi Inthanon (a bus from Chiang Mai to the base of the mountain and another smaller minibus to the summit), private transport is certainly the most convenient way to get the summit. In addition, with so many other things to see and do in the area, private transport provides the freedom to see these sites in your own time. [PAR] From Chiang Mai, any number of private and group operators will take you to the mountain. We ended up paying about 2000 Baht (~USD$60-70) to have our own car for the entire day. This allowed us up to take our time up the mountain and then see other sites as desired. We didn't bargain very hard, so it might be possible to get a cheaper price or join a group. [PAR] [PAR] | Getting to the Summit| [PAR] Getting to the summit is all pretty well sign-posted. The roads are very good and with the number of Thai and foreign tourists visiting the summit, there are loads of ammenties. On the way to the park entrance, most tour companies/guides will first stop at a Hmong roadside market. Here you can buy all sorts of dried fruits, nuts and a few handy crafts. Soon after, you enter the actual park. [PAR] There is a 200 Baht entry fee per person (for foreigners only) and a 50 Baht car entry fee. Once inside the park there are a number of waterfalls, food stops, toilet stops, lookouts on the way to the summit. We ended up stopping at Sirithan Waterfall on the way up and Wachirathan Waterfall on the way down. Wachirathan is much more developed with a carpark, toilet block, restaurants, whereas Sirthan is just the waterfall. Both are really nice. We also stopped at the Royal Chedi's on the way back from the summit. [PAR] This really is a must. Despite the hordes of tourists and the why was this built here running through my mind, it's still pretty cool. Built a couple of years ago in honour of the current King and Queen of Thailand, two massive Chedi (a his and her I guess) have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Baked Alaska, omelette \u00e1 la norv\u00e9gienne, Whats ... Baked Alaska History, Whats Cooking America [PAR] Photo courtesy of Epicurious.com [PAR] [PAR] 1802 \u2013 According to some historians, Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), third president of the United States from 1801-1809, was one of the first to serve ice cream at a state banquet in the White House. He is reported to have served ice cream encased in hot pastry at a White House dinner during his presidency. Although the name came much later, it is likely that this was a dish similar to Baked Alaska. [PAR] An article from the LeRoy PennySaver & News called \u201cAn 1802 Menu,\u201d by Lynne Belluscio states the following: [PAR] A menu of a meal Jefferson offered on February 6, 1802, included \u201crice soup, round of beef, turkey, mutton, ham, loin of veal, cutlets of mutton, fried eggs, fried beef, and a pie called macaroni.\u201d The desserts included \u201cice cream very good, crust wholly dried, crumbled into thin flakes; a dish somewhat like a pudding . . .\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Ice cream dishes frequently appeared in visitors\u2019 accounts of meals with Thomas Jefferson. From the web site The Home of Thomas Jefferson, one visitor reportedly commented: [PAR] \u201cAmong other things, ice-creams were produced in the form of balls of the frozen material inclosed in covers of warm pastry, exhibiting a curious contrast, as if the ice had just been taken from the oven.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] A true Baked Alaska starts with the meringue. A meringue is a \u201cpatisserie\u201d made from egg whites and sugar. Patisserie is the French word for various preparations made of pastry and generally baked in the oven. [PAR] [PAR] 1720 \u2013 The book, Larousse Gastronomique, by Prosper Montagn says the following on the history of meringue: [PAR] Historians of cookery say that this little patisserie was invented in 1720 by a Swiss pastry-cook called Gasparini, who practised his art in Mehrinyghen, a small town in the State of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. The first meringues made in France were served in Nancy to King Stanislas who, it is said, prized them highly. It was he, no doubt, who gave the recipe for this sweetmeat to Marie Leczinska. Queen Marie-Antoinette had a great liking for meringues. Court lore has it that she made them with her own hands at the Trianon, where she also made vacherins, for which a similar mixture is used. Up to the beginning of the nineteenth century, meringues were shaped in a spoon, as the pastry forcing-bag had not been invented. [PAR] [PAR] 1804 \u2013 Omellete surprise, which is virtually identical to Baked Alaska is said to have been first invented by an American-born physicist named Benjamin Thompson Rumford (1753-1814), later known as Count Rumford. An American Loyalist in the Revolution in Boston, it is said that he served as a spy and informant for the British Army. He was forced to flee from America to England 1776. [PAR] He had an interest in cooking and he invented the fire-grate, a double boiler, an oil lamp, a coffee percolator (drip), and the kitchen range. As a result of his interest in investigating the resistance of beaten egg whites to heat, which is based on the principle that beaten egg white is a poor conductor of heat, a created a dessert that he called \u201comellete surprise.\u201d In The American Heritage Cookbook, Rumford is quoted as saying: [PAR] \u201cOmelette surpirse was the by-product of investigations in 1804 into the resistance of stiffly beaten egg whites to the induction of heat.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] During the Victorian Era (1937-1901), elaborate ice cream desserts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Courteney Cox - Biography - IMDb Courteney Cox - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Courteney Cox [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 101 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (64) | Personal Quotes (17) | Salary (14) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 5\" (1.65 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Courteney Cox was born on June 15th, 1964 in Birmingham, Alabama, into an affluent Southern family. She is the daughter of Courteney (Bass) and Richard Lewis Cox (1930-2001), a businessman. She was the baby of the family with two older sisters (Virginia and Dottie) and an older brother, Richard, Jr. She was raised in an exclusive society town, Mountain Brook, Alabama. Courteney was the archetypal daddy's girl, and therefore was understandably devastated when, in 1974, her parents divorced, and her father moved to Florida. [PAR] She became a rebellious teen, and did not make things easy for her mother, and new stepfather, New York businessman Hunter Copeland. Now, she is great friends with both. She attended Mountain Brook High School, where she was a cheerleader, tennis player and swimmer. In her final year, she received her first taste of modeling. She appeared in an advert for the store, Parisians. Upon graduation, she left Alabama to study architecture and interior design at Mount Vernon College. After one year she dropped out to a pursue a modeling career in New York, after being signed by the prestigious Ford Modelling Agency. She appeared on the covers of teen magazines such as Tiger Beat and Little Miss, plus numerous romance novels. She then moved on to commercials for Maybeline, Noxema, New York Telephone Company and Tampax. [PAR] While modeling, she attended acting classes, as her real dream and ambition was to be an actress. In 1984, she landed herself a small part in one episode of As the World Turns (1956) as a young d\u00e9butante named Bunny. Her first big break, however, was being cast by Brian De Palma in the Bruce Springsteen video \"Dancing in The Dark\". In 1985, she moved to LA to star alongside Dean Paul Martin in Misfits of Science (1985). It was a flop, but a few years later, she was chosen out of thousands of hopefuls to play Michael J. Fox 's girlfriend, psychology major Lauren Miller in Family Ties (1982). [PAR] In 1989, Family Ties (1982) ended, and Cox went through a lean spell in her career, featuring in unmemorable movies such as Mr. Destiny (1990) with Michael Caine . Fortunes changed dramatically for Cox, when in 1994, she starred alongside Jim Carrey in the unexpected hit Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), and a year later she was cast as Monica Geller on the hugely successful sitcom Friends (1994). It was this part that turned her into an international superstar and led to an American Comedy Award nomination. In 1996 Cox starred in Wes Craven 's horror/comedy Scream (1996) . This movie grossed over $100 million at the box office, and won Cox rave reviews for her standout performance as the wickedly bitchy and smug TV reporter Gale Weathers. She went on to play this character again in each of the three sequels. Not only did her involvement in this movie lead to critical acclaim, but it also led to her meeting actor husband David Arquette . He played her on-screen love interest Dewey, and life imitated art as the two fell in love for real. Their wedding took place in San Francisco, at the historic Grace Cathedral atop Nob Hill, on June 12th, 1999. Joined by 200"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Superwoman by Shirley Conran - Fantastic Fiction Superwoman by Shirley Conran [PAR] Used availability for Shirley Conran's Superwoman [PAR] See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Cornell (1928 - 1966) - Find A Grave Memorial George Cornell (1928 - 1966) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] London Borough of Tower Hamlets [PAR] Greater London, England [PAR] Villain of London's East End during the 1960's and former associate from childhood of the legendary Kray twins. His birth name was George Myers. Cornell moved to South London, and joined the gang of \"Mad\" Frankie Fraser and Eddie Richardson, arch enemy of the Kray's. Cornell would often talk down to the Krays whenever they tried to muscle in on any dealings with Fraser and Richardson. This displeased the Kray's, particularly Ronnie. Rumour was spreading that Cornell had been calling Ronnie Kray terrible names and mocking him. When Ronnie got word of this it finally made his mind-up that Cornell was to be killed. On the night of the 9th March, 1966, Ronnie got word that Cornell was drinking in the Blind Beggar pub, in the heart of the East End. Ronnie summoned one of his drivers, John 'Scotch Jack' Dickson to take him there along with Ian Barrie his right-hand man. When they arrived at The Blind Beggar, Dickson waited outside while Ronnie and Ian Barrie went inside. Cornell and Albie Woods (fellow Richardson gang member) were seated at the bar. When Cornell saw Ronnie he calmly said, \"Well look who's here\" in a sneering sort of way. Ronnie did not say a word. He took a 9mm Mauser pistol from his pocket and shot Cornell. Ian Barrie fired some shots into the ceiling. They both turned around and walked out as calmly as they had walked in.There was a record playing on the juke box that had been hit by one of the ricocheting bullets. It was 'The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore' by the Walker Brothers and it kept repeating, \"the sun ain't gonna shine any more...any more...any more...\" It wasn't long before Ronnie was arrested and put on an identification parade. The witnesses couldn't (more likely wouldn't) identify Ronnie and he was released, a sign of the hold and respect East Ender's had for the Kray Twins. Kray was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder three years later and remained in prison until his death in 1995. (bio by: Kieran Smith) [PAR] Cause of death: Shot by Ronnie Kray"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Petit Trianon | OpenBuildings Petit Trianon | OpenBuildings [PAR] Petit Trianon [PAR] Our community will shoot love rays from their eyes. [PAR] Ontotext edited this building last [PAR] References [PAR] Wikipedia , licensed under the GFDL [PAR] Suggestions [PAR] The Petit Trianon is a small ch\u00e2teau located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France. [PAR] Design and construction [PAR] It was designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel by the order of Louis XV for his long-term mistress, Madame de Pompadour, and was constructed between 1762-1768. Madame de Pompadour died four years before its completion, and it was subsequently occupied by her successor, Madame du Barry. Upon his accession to the throne in 1774, the 20-year-old Louis XVI gave the ch\u00e2teau and its surrounding park to his 19-year-old Queen Marie Antoinette for her exclusive use and enjoyment. The ch\u00e2teau of the Petit Trianon is a celebrated example of the transition from the Rococo style of the earlier part of the 18th century, to the more sober and refined, Neoclassical style of the 1760s and onward. The exterior of the ch\u00e2teau is simple and elegant, architecturally correct, and highly original. Essentially an exercise on a cube, the Petit Trianon attracts interest by virtue of its four facades, each thoughtfully designed according to that part of the estate it would face. The Corinthian order predominates, with two detached and two semi-detached pillars on the side of the formal French garden, and pilasters facing both the courtyard and the area once occupied by Louis XV's greenhouses. Overlooking the former botanical garden of the king, the remaining facade was left bare. The subtle use of steps compensates for the differences in level of the ch\u00e2teau's inclined location. Marie Antoinette would come to the Petit Trianon not only to escape the formality of court life, but also to shake off the burden of her royal responsibilities. Since all was \"de par la Reine\" (by order of the Queen), none were permitted to enter the property without the Queen's express permission (not even, it was said, Louis XVI). Such exclusivity alienated the court nobility since only the queen's \"inner circle\" (including the Princess de Lamballe, and Gabrielle de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac) were invited. A house of intimacy and of pleasure, the building was designed to require as little interaction between guests and servants as possible. To that end, the table in the salles \u00e0 manger was conceived to be mobile, mechanically lowered and raised through the floorboards so that the servants below could set places sight unseen. The tables were never built, but the delineation for the mechanical apparatus can still be seen from the foundation. Within the queen's apartment, one discerns Marie Antoinette's incessant need for privacy: the decor of her boudoir displays an inventiveness unique to the age, featuring mirrored panels that, by the simple turning of a crank, can be raised or lowered to obscure the windows. Her bedroom, although simple, is also elegant, provided with furniture from Georges Jacob and Jean Henri Riesener. The wallpaper was painted by Jean-Baptiste Pillement. [PAR] Moberly-Jourdain incident [PAR] The Moberly-Jourdain incident is alleged to have occurred on August 10, 1901 in the gardens of the Petit Trianon. In 1911, two English academics, Charlotte Anne Moberly and Eleanor Jourdain, pseudonymously published a book entitled An Adventure, in which they claimed to have experienced a time slip during a visit to the Petit Trianon, and seen Marie Antoinette as well as many other people of the same period. The book caused a sensation with the public despite dismissal by critics. [PAR] about 5 years"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corsica @ National Geographic Magazine Corsica @ National Geographic Magazine [PAR] By Peter Ross Range [PAR] Photographs by Bruno Barbey [PAR] On the map, the Mediterranean island of Corsica belongs to France. In their hearts, many Corsicans aren't so sure. [PAR] Get a taste of what awaits you in print from this compelling excerpt. [PAR] Fran\u00e7ois Santoni's funeral was not what I'd come to Corsica to see. But here it was, the story of Corsica and France all laid out before me, just as Santoni himself was laid out in his home above a sun-hammered mountain hamlet, awaiting burial. After a few days on the island I was already confronting the history and the politics, the vendettas and the violence, the tangled drama of Corsican life and its uneasy relationship with France 234 years after being annexed by the mother country. The island's split culture, part French, part Corsican, and its habit of settling scores by violence, was summed up in a tense village funeral at the end of a high granite valley where, on this day, everything operated according to the rules of classical drama. [PAR] We were all playing our roles. Old widows in black stood silently on scrubbed doorsteps. Gnarled men in stiff suits whispered under acacia trees. Prolific families slid silently into the meager August shade of the hard stone church. As though sent from Mediterranean central casting, thick-necked friends of the dead man patrolled the streets, scowling like ravens at journalists and photographers. [PAR] And Fran\u00e7ois Santoni, the murdered mafioso, the small-time extortionist, a tough guy in Corsica's clandestine separatist movement, did his part by being, at 41, stone-cold dead. A burly man with an engaging smile, Santoni had met his end three nights before when his enemies in the murky underworld of Corsican nationalism had gunned him down. Revenge, it was said, for two books he'd written about some of his former friends. [PAR] The church bell began to toll. [PAR] The man pulling the bell rope seemed as ancient as the stones themselves. As he pulled, the village was so still I could hear my own heart beat. Suddenly the bell ringer stopped, and shooting tore the air. RRRRRRP! Again RRRRRRRP! It was a machine-gun salute from atop the hill, near Santoni's house, to a fallen soldier in Corsica's long-running turf and identity wars. The drama was being played out today just as it had been for decades\u0097even centuries before\u0097in a setting of soaring mountain ridges and fragrant wild shrub called maquis. [PAR] The venue would have been perfect for a wedding. [PAR] That's the surprise of Corsica. The island leads two lives: one as offshore paradise where couples often come to be married, the other as France's perennial problem child. French vacationers flock to Corsica's mountains and beaches, but the island is also home to a small but violent separatist movement that has kept the political pot boiling for a quarter century. [PAR] Get the whole story in the pages of National Geographic magazine . [PAR] Corsica's persistent and violent movement to separate from France has made its way to the top of the country's political agenda. What are the pros and cons of Corsica becoming an independent nation? Share your thoughts . [PAR] In More to Explore the National Geographic magazine team shares some of its best sources and other information. Special thanks to the Research Division. [PAR] Napoleon Bonaparte's relationship with Corsica\u0097his birthplace\u0097was a defining factor in his life from childhood to death. He spent his youth hoping for Corsica's freedom and despising the French, the island's new"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monopoly Pieces | eBay Monopoly Pieces | eBay [PAR] Monopoly Pieces [PAR] | [PAR] 2+ sold [PAR] From Various Editions. Individual Pieces to Choose From. From a smoke Free home. The second hand toys are rated according to their condition this should be used as a guide only and your opinion of the... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] + \u00a33.00 P&P [PAR] Deluxe Monopoly by Waddingtons. Complete, no instructions. Really nice version with wooden pieces and a rotating carousel that holds the title deeds cards. Used but decent condition. Some storage wear... [PAR] Buy it now [PAR] Free P&P [PAR] The game is in good condition for its age. There are 6 metal playing pieces. the grey motorbike piece has lost his head which I have tried to capture in the photos. All the deed cards are here but I h...[DOC] [TLE] dog monopoly pieces | eBay dog monopoly pieces | eBay [PAR] dog monopoly pieces: [PAR] 1 2 3 [PAR] eBay determines this price through a machine learned model of the product's sale prices within the last 90 days. [PAR] eBay determines trending price through a machine learned model of the product\u2019s sale prices within the last 90 days. \"New\" refers to a brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item, and \"Used\" refers to an item that has been used previously. [PAR] Top Rated Plus [PAR] Sellers with highest buyer ratings [PAR] Returns, money back [PAR] Sellers with highest buyer ratings [PAR] Returns, money back"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Went Wrong With\u2026 And What Is Wrong With\u2026 Keith Lemon ... What Went Wrong With\u2026 And What Is Wrong With\u2026 Keith Lemon & Leigh Francis? \u2013 WHAT WENT WRONG WITH\u2026? [PAR] \u2022 ( 10 Comments ) [PAR] Leigh Francis seems to be the type of comedian who masks his sexism and racism behind various cartoonish characters including that of \u201cKeith Lemon\u201d. Judging from his continual one-dimentional comedy however, it\u2019s conveniently impossible to tell where Leigh Francis ends and Keith Lemon begins. Even as far back as his appearances on Big Brother as Avid Merion as well as his various celebrity characters in Channel 4 \u2018s Bo Selecta! you could see a worrying pattern in his comedy; a penchant for out-of-date, crass, and all round cheap jokes regarding race, sex, and sexual orientation. [PAR] During the godforsaken decade known as the noughties , Bo Selecta! was incessantly watched by all puerile prats and every lover of prejudice. Along with Sacha Baron Cohen , Leigh Francis\u2019 hyper stereotypes were lapped up by all and the public\u2019s excuse for the obvious bigotry was somewhere along the lines of satire, irony, and the idea of \u201cpushing the envelope\u201d (which seemed to be continually pushed towards people of colour). Francis\u2019 characters in Bo Selecta! included Michael Jackson (and the rest of the Jacksons) jive-talking, Trisha Goddard shouting \u201crice and pea\u201d with a horridly generic West Indian accent, and Oprah Winfrey showing her love of fried chicken whilst speaking in an uneducated non-specific southern American accent. It was quite strange that only the characters who were of colour seemed to conform to stereotypes, that was of course unless they were gay. The stereotypically homophobic characterisations of George Michael (searching for \u201ccrack\u201d in public toilets) and Elton John (saying he loves to \u201cbum\u201d boys) were particularly offensive, although the way Elton John seems to condone this type of crap (as he did with Eminem ) I\u2019m not surprised there wasn\u2019t more widespread criticism of Francis\u2019 prejudice. [PAR] To be fair, a few people did call out Leigh\u2019s characters for being offensive even during the openly hateful noughties , he then defended his apparent unintentional racism in a 2006 Guardian article. His illogical comeback in this interview has to be read to be believed, if you check out the article you\u2019ll witness him strangely stating that it wasn\u2019t him being racist but instead it was the \u201cpeople who are worrying about it, they\u2019re the racists!\u201d. Amazing logic there, I\u2019d like to see him explain that bullshit on a whiteboard. In the same article he also said that his so-called unintentional racism \u201cdidn\u2019t kill anyone\u201d, a great excuse, but Bernard Manning\u2019s comedy never killed anyone either, but it didn\u2019t stop all his crap being racist did it? [PAR] These days we have Francis in perpetual Keith Lemon mode and Leigh seems unable to detach himself from his latest character. Essentially Francis is now Lemon 24/7, from the tacky panel show Celebrity Juice, the rebooted Through The Keyhole, not to mention his appearances on various talk shows. On the topic of Lemon\u2019s various shows it has to be acknowledged that The Keith Lemon Sketch Show is the most repetitive, most unfunniest, painfully humourless, most amateur-looking, shittiest shite ever to be broadcast on British television! Sorry about outburst, on with the write-up\u2026 [PAR] The character of Keith Lemon gives Leigh Francis the excuse to tell recycled 70\u2019s jokes about ethnic stereotypes and the objectification of women, it\u2019s either \u201cmock the foreigner\u201d or \u201clet\u2019s gawp at some woman\u2019s bangers\u201d, are we sure we\u2019ve not been transported to the worst"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 8 August 1969: The Abbey Road cover photography session ... 8 August 1969: The Abbey Road cover photography session | The Beatles Bible [PAR] The Abbey Road cover photography session [PAR] The Abbey Road cover photography session [PAR] Friday 8 August 1969 Photography 51 Comments [PAR] All four Beatles gathered at EMI Studios on the morning of Friday 8 August 1969 for one of the most famous photo shoots of their career. Photographer Iain Macmillan took the famous image that adorned their last-recorded album, Abbey Road . [PAR] Here is a photograph taken on the same day, showing the empty crossing. [PAR] Iain Macmillan was a freelance photographer and a friend to John Lennon and Yoko Ono . He used a Hasselblad camera with a 50mm wide-angle lens, aperture f22, at 1/500 seconds. [PAR] Prior to the shoot, Paul McCartney had sketched his ideas for the cover, to which Macmillan added a more detailed illustration. [PAR] As the group waited outside the studio for the shoot to begin, Linda McCartney took a number of extra photographs. [PAR] A policeman held up the traffic as Macmillan, from a stepladder positioned in the middle of the road, took six shots as the group walked across the zebra crossing just outside the studio. [PAR] The Beatles crossed the road a number of times while Macmillan photographed them. 8 August was a hot day in north London, and for four of the six photographs McCartney walked barefoot; for the other two he wore sandals. [PAR] Shortly after the shoot, McCartney studied the transparencies and chose the fifth one for the album cover. It was the only one when all four Beatles were walking in time. It also satisfied The Beatles' desire for the world to see them walking away from the studios they had spent so much of the last seven years inside. [PAR] Macmillan also took a photograph of a nearby tiled street sign for the back cover. The sign has since been replaced, but was situated at the corner of Abbey Road and Alexandra Road. The junction no longer exists; the road was later replaced by the Abbey Road housing estate, between Boundary Road and Belsize Road. [PAR] Latest Comments [PAR] shivabeach Wednesday 15 February 2012 [PAR] The vast number of stories about that shoot are funny to think of now. Paul was dead because he wasn\u2019t wearing shoes, I buried Paul on the album, innumerable facts about the cars etc and none of it is true. The shoot was just taken, nothing set up [PAR] Bless the Beatles forever [PAR] BID316 Wednesday 8 August 2012 [PAR] Well, of course the photo was \u201cset-up.\u201d [PAR] The Beatles used \u201cdeceit\u201d as a means of drawing publicity. All of the \u201cPaul is dead\u201d clues were \u201ca coincidence (according to The Beatles).\u201d [PAR] Do you believe that (maybe) the four most famous guys in the world couldn\u2019t find four red carnations during the filming of Magical Mystery Tour and Paul just \u201chappened\u201d to wear the only black carnation? According to The Beatles, that\u2019s what happened. [PAR] We\u2019re still talking (writing) about it 45 years later!! [PAR] Reply [PAR] iselliot Sunday 12 August 2012 [PAR] They probably gave Paul the black carnation in MMT because at that point they WISHED he was dead. The Beatles had much better (and worse) things to deal with in this period than to try to perpetuate an absurd fan rumor. [PAR] Reply [PAR] iselliot Sunday 12 August 2012 [PAR] I think what people forget is the Beatles more than anyone understood the value/ non-value of \u201cmeaning\u201d. John\u2019s writing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rab Butler : definition of Rab Butler and synonyms of Rab ... Rab Butler : definition of Rab Butler and synonyms of Rab Butler (English) [PAR] Conservative [PAR] a. ^ Office vacant from 6 April 1955 to 13 July 1962. b. ^ Office vacant from 18 October 1963 to 4 May 1979. c. ^ Office vacant from 18 October 1963 to 16 October 1964. [PAR] Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, KG CH DL PC (9 December 1902 \u2013 8 March 1982), who invariably signed his name R. A. Butler and was familiarly known as Rab, was a British Conservative politician . Butler was one of only two British politicians (the other being John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon ) to have served in three of the four Great Offices of State ( Chancellor of the Exchequer , Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary ) but never to have achieved the Premiership , for which he was twice passed over. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 15 External links [PAR] Early life [PAR] Butler was born in Attock Serai, Attock in India (now Punjab, Pakistan ) to Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler and his wife, Anne Gertrude (n\u00e9e Smith). His maternal uncles were Charles Aitchison Smith , Sir George Adam Smith and Sir James Dunlop Smith . His father later remarried and thus he gained a half-sister, Iris Mary Butler, who became Iris Portal upon her marriage. [PAR] Butler's was a family of Cambridge dons and Indian Governors; as a child his right arm was injured in a riding accident, leaving his hand never again fully functional. His limp handshake and inevitable lack of military experience (and stooping donnish manner at a time when many politicians were former officers) were political handicaps in later life. [1] He was educated at Marlborough College and Pembroke College, Cambridge , where he was President of the Cambridge Union Society in the summer term of his third year; in March 1924, as a newly-elected President, he entertained the Opposition Leader Stanley Baldwin at a debate. [PAR] While at Cambridge he read French (in which he obtained a First), German and, in his fourth year, History and International Relations, in which he obtained one of the highest Firsts in the University. He specialised in the study of Sir Robert Peel , a man whose actions had split the Conservative Party and who may have greatly influenced Butler's later political trajectory. Butler also took part in the ESU USA Tour , the debating tour of the United States run by the English-Speaking Union . [PAR] After a brief period as a Cambridge don, teaching nineteenth century French history, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Saffron Walden in the 1929 general election . Butler held this seat until his retirement in 1965. [PAR] Member of Parliament [PAR] In his autobiography \"The Art of the Possible\", Butler attributes his political gifts to his grandmother Mary Kendall of Pelyn, Lostwithiel, Cornwall. He wrote a lengthy paragraph on the Kendall family who for many generations past had been active in the politics of Cornwall and England. [2] It has been remarked of this family, that they have perhaps sent more members to the British Senate than any other in the United Kingdom. [3] [PAR] Butler held a series of junior Ministerial posts throughout the 1930s, often enacting controversial policy decisions. After a brief period as Parliamentary Private Secretary (i.e. personal assistant) to the India Secretary Samuel Hoare , he was given his first ministerial job as Under-Secretary of State for India (1932\u201337) at the time the Indian Home"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: The Hunt for Red October (1990) The Hunt for Red October (1990) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Hunt for Red October ( 1990 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] In November 1984, the Soviet Union's best submarine captain in their newest sub violates orders and heads for the USA. Is he trying to defect or to start a war? [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 16 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 07 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 23 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 09 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: The Hunt for Red October (1990) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When CIA Analyst Jack Ryan interferes with an IRA assassination, a renegade faction targets him and his family for revenge. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] CIA Analyst Jack Ryan is drawn into an illegal war fought by the US government against a Colombian drug cartel. [PAR] Director: Phillip Noyce [PAR] On a US nuclear missile sub, a young first officer stages a mutiny to prevent his trigger happy captain from launching his missiles before confirming his orders to do so. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] Dr. Richard Kimble, unjustly accused of murdering his wife, must find the real killer while being the target of a nationwide manhunt. [PAR] Director: Andrew Davis [PAR] CIA analyst Jack Ryan must stop the plans of a Neo Nazis faction that threatens to induce a catastrophic conflict between the United States and Russia's newly elected president by detonating a nuclear weapon at a football game in Baltimore. [PAR] Director: Phil Alden Robinson [PAR] A mild-mannered chemist and an ex-con must lead the counterstrike when a rogue group of military men, led by a renegade general, threaten a nerve gas attack from Alcatraz against San Francisco. [PAR] Director: Michael Bay [PAR] Hijackers seize the plane carrying the President of the United States and his family, but he - an ex-soldier - works from hiding to defeat them. [PAR] Director: Wolfgang Petersen [PAR] A lawyer becomes a target by a corrupt politician and his NSA goons when he accidentally receives key evidence to a serious politically motivated crime. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] An insurance agent is sent by her employer to track down and help capture an art thief. [PAR] Director: Jon Amiel [PAR] US Marshal Samuel Gerard (Jones) and his team of Marshals are assigned to track down Sheridan (Snipes), who has been accused of a double-murder. [PAR] Director: Stuart Baird [PAR] Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Soviets create a new nuclear submarine that runs silent due"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is Carrageenan Safe? - Healthy Eaton | Healthy Eaton Is Carrageenan Safe? - Healthy Eaton | Healthy Eaton [PAR] Is Carrageenan Safe? [PAR] July 19, 2014 [PAR] 2 Flares 2 Flares \u00d7 [PAR] How many of you have heard of the ingredient: Carrageenan? You might have noticed it on the labels of foods like non-dairy milks, ice cream, cottage cheese, yogurt, deli meat, etc. This hard-to-pronounce little additive is actually a bit controversial in the health world. [PAR] What is Carrageenan? According to the Oxford dictionary: [PAR] A substance extracted from red and purple seaweeds, consisting of a mixture of polysaccharides. It is used as a thickening or emulsifying agent in food products. [PAR] There are plenty of perfectly good edible seaweeds, like kelp and Nori. This must be the same, right? Well\u2026not so much. [PAR] Carrageenan is not digestible and has no nutritional value. The USDA and food manufacturers justify the use of this additive because it is naturally derived, despite the controversial studies that have been done. It is often used to thicken and emulsify products to improve their texture, and it is even often found in organic and \u201cnatural\u201d products \u2013 including the Tom\u2019s Toothpaste I used to use! [PAR] There are actually two different kinds of carrageenan: degraded and undegraded. Undegraded is approved for human consumption while degraded (also known as poligeenan) is not. In 2001, studies with animals showed a link to cancer from giving high doses of poligeenan. They also linked it to intestinal damage. A rat study showed no ulcerations or lesions after 90 days of exposure and after 83 days, and being given carrageenan at 5%, pigs showed abnormalities in the intestines but no ulcerations or tumors. [PAR] Limited human studies showed an increase in inflammation (which is the root cause of many serious diseases like Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s and cancer) wreak havoc on gut health, potentially causing autoimmune reactions similar to colitis, as well as other health complications like intestinal irritation and colon ulcers. A study published in Nature, from researchers at Georgia State University, found that it altered the balance and composition of gut bacteria and also produced an inflammatory effect in the bowels. [PAR] Bottom Line: Carrageenan reacts differently within different species making it difficult to understand the effects in humans. There have not been enough studies done to make a ruling one way or another. I\u2019m yet to see any research touting its health benefits. [PAR] Personally, I am not willing to take that risk when there are other options. If you agree, be sure to know where to look for it. When you start reading labels, you\u2019ll be amazed at the number of products that have it. [PAR] Here are some brands that are carrageen-free! [PAR] Ice Cream: Alden\u2019s, Castle Rock Organic Farms, Crystal Ball Farms, Green and Black\u2019s Organic, Publix, Stonyfield, Strafford Organic Creamery, Strauss Family Creamery, Three Twins [PAR] Non-Dairy Milk: 365 Whole Foods, (some) Trader Joe\u2019s, Organic Valley, Soy Dream, Earth Balance, Tofu Shop, or Make Your Own! [PAR] Yogurt: Hawthorne Valley Farm, Horizon, Kalona Supernatural, Organic Valley, Wallaby Organic, (some) Trader Joe\u2019s, Stonyfield [PAR] Cottage Cheese: Kalona Supernatural, Nancy\u2019s, Organic Valley [PAR] Sour Cream: 365 Whole Foods, Horizon, Organic Valley, Wallaby Organic, Nancy\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Acid or alkali? Acidic or alkaline?- Learn Chemistry Acid or alkali? Acidic or alkaline?- Learn Chemistry [PAR] Home > Resources > Acid or alkali? Acidic or alkaline? [PAR] Acid or alkali? Acidic or alkaline? [PAR] Description [PAR] This simple experiment involves testing a variety of substances to see if they are acidic or alkaline, using litmus paper as the indicator. [PAR] This simple experiment involves testing a variety of substances to see if they are acidic or alkaline, using litmus paper as the indicator. [PAR] Subjects [PAR] : [PAR] Credits [PAR] : [PAR] This is an experiment from the Practical Chemistry project, developed by the Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry. [PAR] Acid or alkali? Acidic or alkaline? [PAR] Class practical [PAR] This simple experiment involves testing a variety of substances to see if they are [PAR] acidic [PAR] paper is used as the indicator. [PAR] Lesson organisation [PAR] This experiment is most suitable for introductory level chemistry and could be done as a circus with pairs/small groups of students moving from one \u2018station\u2019 to another. [PAR] A discussion of the meaning of the words \u2018acid\u2019, \u2018alkali\u2019 and \u2018neutral\u2019 could be a good way to introduce the experiment. The idea of an \u2018indicator\u2019 should be introduced as a means of distinguishing between the three possibilities, using litmus as the indicator. [PAR] Apparatus [PAR] Watch glasses, 1 per sample (Note 1) [PAR] White tiles, 1 per sample (Note 1) [PAR] Red and blue litmus paper, 3 pieces of each per working group [PAR] Access to small amounts of common everyday substances such as (Note 2) [PAR] fizzy drinks [PAR] Refer to Health & Safety and Technical notes section below for additional information. [PAR] [PAR] Wear eye protection. [PAR] 1 [PAR] Provide small amounts of the samples on watch glasses. The watch glasses can be placed on a white tile marked with the name of the substance - use a waterproof marker. The samples can be arranged around the room so that the students visit each in turn. If any solid sample is used, moisten it with a little de-ionised water. [PAR] 2 Check hazard labels on any household substances provided. If this activitiy is set as homework, especially on substances not listed above, pupils should be warned that there are many hazardous chemicals in the home. It is recommended that if chemicals such as: \u2018bleach, drain clear, scale remover\u2019 are to be investigated that this is done by the teacher in school. Thick rubber gloves should be worn if planning to do this due to their hazards. [PAR] Procedure [PAR] a [PAR] Tear each piece of litmus paper into 3 smaller pieces so that you can test at least 9 substances. [PAR] b [PAR] Take one small piece of red litmus paper. Dip it into one of the substances to be tested. Repeat with a small piece of the blue litmus paper. [PAR] c [PAR] Record all observations in a suitable table. Then dispose of the pieces of litmus paper in the waste bin. [PAR] Teaching notes [PAR] The substance is acidic when: [PAR] the blue Litmus paper turns red and the red Litmus paper is unaffected [PAR] The substance is alkaline when: [PAR] the red Litmus paper turns blue and the blue Litmus paper is unaffected [PAR] If neither red nor the blue paper changes colour, the substance is neutral. [PAR] Students should make three lists of substances under the headings \u2018acidic\u2019, \u2018alkaline\u2019, \u2018neutral\u2019. [PAR] Encourage the students to use the terms correctly. \u2018Acid\u2019 and \u2018alkali\u2019 are nouns; the words \u2018acidic\u2019 and \u2018alkaline\u2019 are adjectives. \u2018A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Remove Hair Using Cotton Thread - YouQueen pi [PAR] Plucking or threading is performed by rapid shrinkage and expansion of the thread so you can get a hold of even the smallest hair and pull them from the roots. This treatment is completely hygienic because the thread which was used is thrown away after touching the facial area. [PAR] This method can work even on the shortest hair and eyebrows that are not easy to tame. During the procedure no chemicals are used, so threading is ideal for people with sensitive skin. [PAR] 1. Use only natural cotton thread. [PAR] You can probably find one in your mothers/grandmothers sewing kit. Make sure you use a good quality one, strong thread. There is no special thread for threading, you can use any thread as long as it is strong and doesn\u2019t snap easily. [PAR] 2. Loosely tie a loop of thread around your neck and tie a knot \u2013 don\u2019t worry, it won\u2019t harm you. [PAR] 3. Form a triangle. [PAR] Hold the loose string in one hand and with the other hold a string around your forefinger and thumb. Then twist the triangle about 7 times. [PAR] 4. Lower and raise the loose end of the string while holding your triangle tot to create a rolling instrument. [PAR] This movement will catch few hairs in the twists and pluck them out. [PAR] 5. Find a volunteer and firmly place the line of twists to the area to be threaded. [PAR] Move up and down while pulling the loose end of the string. Slightly pull your neck from the area being threaded. The straight line of twists will catch any hair in its path and it\u2019s especially helpful while taming wild eyebrow to create a neat, elegant look. [PAR] Best practice is achieved on your own leg, it\u2019s easily reachable. You have to strain too much to look for hair or to reach it, and don\u2019t need a mirror either. [PAR] While sitting comfortably on a chair, prop up one leg and identify the area from which you want to remove hair. Place the thread on this portion. One end of the hair should be wound part, and the thread from the other side should be on both sides of the hair you want to pluck. [PAR] Now, relocate the wound portion to the other side as you make sure it catches the hair you marked. As it moves back and forth, it will lift the hair from the root and pluck it out. [PAR] Practice is essential \u2013 you have to put some effort into it to manage this ancient skill. And if you know how to thread your upper lip yourself, you can run thread through it for a couple of minutes every other day so your upper lip is always completely hair free. Waiting for waxing session at the parlor becomes history. [PAR] This is how it\u2019s done. Now you can easily get rid of unwanted hair in places no hair should ever be. [PAR] Remember to always use a different string of cotton thread and apply some talc on the area you plucked. Enjoy! [PAR] RECOMMENDED for YOU[DOC] [TLE] hair removal - Permanence Enjoy Permanent Hair Removal in Sydney [PAR] Depilation [PAR] Shaving [PAR] Copper razors first appeared around 3,000 BC. Alexander the Great promoted shaving within his armies to avoid beard grabbing in combat. The safety razor came on the market in 1880 and the disposable bladed safety razor we know today was patented by King Camp Gillette in 1904. In 1970"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Guide To Uruguay\u2019s Culture & Heritage Sites A Guide To Uruguay\u2019s Culture And Heritage Sites [PAR] A Guide To Uruguay\u2019s Culture And Heritage Sites [PAR] Culture Trip [PAR] Located on the picturesque shores of the De La Plata River, the City of Colonia del Sacramento is the only cultural site in Uruguay to have attained UNESCO World Heritage Status. However, this South American country contains a wealth of cultural and historical sites worth exploring. [PAR] [PAR] Montevideo, Uruguay | \u00a9 Jimmy Baikovicius/ Flickr [PAR] The Bay and the Islands of Colonia del Sacramento [PAR] The Bay and the Islands of Colonia del Sacramento encompass the entire region of Portuguese settlement surrounding the Colonia del Sacramento. The surrounding bays and islands are of similar cultural significance, although they only feature on the UNESCO Tentative World Heritage list. The bay has been described as a \u2018reservoir of historic testimonies of rural life\u2019 that paints a clear and revealing portrait of life at the time of the Portuguese settlement. It has been suggested that \u2018the area forms, as a whole, a singular example of the daily colonial life carried out in the sea, the city and the country\u2019. It was the development and use of this bay as a crossroads for merchants and entrepreneurs which would ultimately establish Colonia del Sacramento as a commercially prosperous area of trading and economic growth. [PAR] [PAR] The City of Colonia del Sacramento [PAR] Colonia del Sacramento is the second oldest city in Uruguay and once played host to a century-long dispute for control between Spanish and Portuguese colonials. It was through Antonio Pedro de Vasconcellos\u2019 role as Governor that the city became a powerhouse for commercial and cultural enterprise in 1722, and it was this commercialism and heavy focus on trade which played such a key role in shaping Buenos Aires into the region that we recognise today. Spain and Portugal fought for control over Sacramento nine times in 100 years, so it is little wonder that the architecture of the city is a blend of Spanish and Portuguese styles. Flat-roofed, white-walled Portuguese buildings line streets of Spanish influence, streets which are slightly lower on the side and higher in the middle in typical Spanish style. [PAR] [PAR] Colonia del Sacramento \u00a9 Philip Choi/Flickr [PAR] Chamang\u00e1, A Rock Paintings Area [PAR] Recently, this natural rock formation has become an area of real interest to the Uruguayan government and academic researchers alike. Although its position as a World Heritage site is pending, Chamang\u00e1, located in the Province of Flores in Southwest Uruguay, is a place of palpable historical significance. The area is scattered with naturally formed granite blocks that play host to 40 rock paintings (more are being discovered all the time), some of which have been estimated to be over 2000 years old. Chamang\u00e1 is thus characterised as having the highest concentration of pictographic sites in all of Uruguay, while the discovery and study of these paintings has led to archaeologists digging deeper into the region. Although the archaeological investigations are not currently sufficient to secure Chamang\u00e1 as a World Heritage site, the discoveries which they have uncovered indicate the existence of an \u2018archaeological register\u2019, giving real insight into the region\u2019s cultural history. [PAR] [PAR] Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo [PAR] A district of Montevideo under heritage protection, Ciudad Vieja is considered one of Uruguay \u2019s cultural heritage sites, with La Rambla Promenade running directly through it. This barrio ( Spanish for neighborhood) is the oldest area of Montevideo, hence its name the \u2018Old City\u2019. Despite its historic roots, the city has seen a transformation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ The Archers - YouTube Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ The Archers - YouTube [PAR] Classic BBC Radio Theme ~ The Archers [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 29, 2009 [PAR] This is \"Barwick Green\" and is the theme music to the long-running BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers. It is a \"maypole dance\" from the suite My Native Heath, written in 1924 by the Yorkshire composer Arthur Wood, and named after Barwick-in-Elmet. [PAR] This recording used between 1950 and the 1990s was played by Sidney Torch and his Orchestra [PAR] The Sunday omnibus broadcast of The Archers starts with a more rustic, accordian -arranged rendition by The Yetties [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andre Agassi | Wimbledon's top 50 male players in the Open ... Andre Agassi | Wimbledon's top 50 male players in the Open Era - Tennis [PAR] Tennis [PAR] Previous slide Next slide 40 of 51 View All Skip Ad [PAR] 12. Andre Agassi (USA) [PAR] One of the best returners the game has ever seen, Agassi\u2019s long-flowing blonde locks brought him plenty of admirers during his breakthrough slam success in 1992 with a five-set win over Goran Ivanisevic. The baseline terrier remained a fans\u2019 favourite and reached a second SW19 final seven years later only to fall in straight sets to Sampras. [PAR] Credit: Andy Hooper/Daily Mail / Rex[DOC] [TLE] The Andre Agassi Biography: A ... - Busy Tennis Players The Andre Agassi Biography: A Tennis Legend On And Off The Court [PAR] The Andre Agassi Biography: A Compelling Story of Change, Talent and Humanity [PAR] Introduction [PAR] This Andre Agassi Biography is of the former world number one professional tennis player Andre Agassi from America. [PAR] Agassi is only one of three males players to win all four Grand Slam Tournaments to achieve a Career Grand Slam since the beginning of the Open Era. The other two are Roger Federer and Rod Laver. The Andre Agassi Biography includes eight Grand Slam Singles Tournaments in total (4 Australian Open, 1 French Open, 1 Wimbledon, 2 US Open). In addition to winning all four Grand Slam Tournaments Agassi also won the Olympic Gold Medal for singles giving him a Career Golden Slam. He is the only male player to achieve this unique feat. [PAR] The Andre Agassi Biography is one of an enormously talented striker of the tennis ball who starts out as a \u2018rebel\u2019 but goes on to become one of the most humble and admired role models of the sport committed to charitable work. [PAR] Personal Life [PAR] The Andre Agassi Biography begins with his birth on April 29, 1970, in Las Vegas, Nevada, to Emmanuel \u2018Mike\u2019 Agassi and Elizabeth \u2018Betty\u2019 Agassi. His father is an Iranian who represented Iran in boxing at the 1948 and 1952 Olympic Games before migrating to the US. [PAR] Andre dated famed American singer Barbra Streisand in the early 1990s. [PAR] He got married to Brooke Shields on April 19, 1997. Andre later filed for divorce which was granted on April 9, 1999. [PAR] At the 1999 French Open Tournament Andre Agassi won the Men\u2019s Singles Championship and Steffi Graf won the Women\u2019s Single\u2019s Championship and they danced together at the traditional Champions\u2019 Dance. After the event they began dating. They got married on October 22, 2001. The couple has a son, Jaden Gil (born October 26, 2001), and a daughter, Jaz Elle (born October 3, 2003). They live in the Las Vegas area and own several vacation homes. [PAR] \u00a9 Ethan Miller/Getty Images [PAR] Career Highlights [PAR] Agassi turned pro at age 16 in 1986. He ended his first year ranked 91 in the World. [PAR] In the Andre Agassi Biography we note that as a young player Agassi embraced a rebel image. He grew his hair to his waist, wore an earring and colorful shirts. He chose not to play the Australian Open for the first eight years of his career although this Grand Slam eventually became his best Grand Slam event. Agassi also did not play Wimbledon from 1988 to 1990 stating that he did not wish to participate because of the \u2018predominantly white\u2019 dress that players had to wear. [PAR] In 1990, Agassi helped the United States win the Davis Cup and won his only ATP"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - Adrian Mole - Fictional Diarist - Edited Entry h2g2 - Adrian Mole - Fictional Diarist - Edited Entry [PAR] 5 Conversations [PAR] Adrian Albert Mole, born 2 April, 1967, is one of Britain's most beloved fictional characters. The brainchild of novelist Sue Townsend, Adrian Mole is the central character, or rather the narrator, of one of the longest-running sagas in British literature, as well as an acute commentary on British society from the 1980s to the late '90s. [PAR] The Leicester born-and-bred Adrian Mole is the fictional author of a grand total of seven diaries, following him from 'age 13 and 3/4' to age 31: in order of publication, The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, aged 13 and 3/4, The Growing Pains of Adrian Mole; The True Confessions of Adrian Albert Mole, Adrian Mole and the Small Amphibian (the latter only available in the collection Adrian Mole: from Minor to Major), Adrian Mole: the Wilderness Years and Adrian Mole: the Cappuccino Years. Bridget Jones 1 , eat your heart out... [PAR] The Character of Adrian Mole [PAR] The first-born (and, at the start of the saga, only) child of George and Pauline Mole, Adrian likes to call himself 'an intellectual'. Much of the humour in the books stems from Adrian's exaggerated perception of his intellectual capabilities, derived largely from his love of literature, which seems to have improved his vocabulary but not his overall intelligence. Adrian often comes across as pedantic, dim-witted, hapless, jingoistic and callous, but despite his many flaws it is easy to sympathise with him. His personal habits and little fixations are quintessentially, traditionally British; and while the world around him evolves and moves towards the 21st Century, Adrian clings stubbornly to them. His imperviousness to change becomes a great source of humour in the later books of the saga. He does, however, possess a caring heart, which endears him to the reader despite his occasional obnoxiousness. [PAR] The Ongoing Story and Principal Characters [PAR] It is rather hard to summarise the whole Adrian Mole saga, which starts out, as already mentioned, in 1981, two years after the Thatcher government came to power. Adrian is a schoolboy at a Leicester comprehensive school; his best friends are the beautiful, sophisticated Pandora Braithwaite (soon to become his first girlfriend and one true love of his life) and Nigel (the most dynamic and ever-changing of all characters). [PAR] His family are his mother, Pauline Mole n\u00e9e Sugden, a flighty, wanton and free-spirited woman who married her way out of the potato fields of Norfolk; his father, George Mole, an insecure and rather inept man; his grandmother, Edna May Mole, a bossy, old-fashioned lady; his Auntie Susan Mole, a prison guard; and the rarely-seen but very funny Sugdens, Pauline's family from the potato fields. [PAR] Adrian lives a relatively quiet and uneventful life, exploring adolescence and its changes and observing the world around him with a mixture of wile, obtuseness and resilience. His parents all but neglect him; both of them have affairs, which later result in the birth of a half-brother (Brett, from his father's adulterous relationship with Doreen 'Stick Insect' Slater) and possibly also in the birth of Rosemary Germaine Mole, Adrian's little sister, whose paternity is never fully cleared (her father, in fact, may not be George Mole, but possibly 'Rat Fink' Lucas, the Moles' neighbour and Pauline's ex-lover). [PAR] Meanwhile, Adrian finds love in Pandora, but as the pair grow they also grow apart. Pandora goes to college in Oxford, where she studies Russian, Serbo-Croat and Mandarin, graduates, marries her first husband (who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bird - definition of bird by The Free Dictionary Bird - definition of bird by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Bird - definition of bird by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bird [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. [PAR] a. Any of various warm-blooded egg-laying feathered vertebrates of the class Aves, having forelimbs modified to form wings. [PAR] b. Such an animal hunted as game. [PAR] c. Such an animal, especially a chicken or turkey, used as food: put the bird in the oven. [PAR] 4. Slang A rocket, guided missile, satellite, or airplane. [PAR] 5. Slang A person, especially one who is odd or remarkable: a sly old bird. [PAR] 6. Chiefly British Slang A young woman. [PAR] 7. Slang [PAR] a. A loud sound expressing disapproval; a raspberry. [PAR] b. Discharge from employment: lost a big sale and nearly got the bird. [PAR] 8. An obscene gesture of anger, defiance, or derision made by pointing or jabbing the middle finger upward. [PAR] intr.v. bird\u00b7ed, bird\u00b7ing, birds [PAR] 1. To observe and identify birds in their natural surroundings. [PAR] 2. To trap, shoot, or catch birds. [PAR] Idiom: [PAR] [Middle English, from Old English brid, young bird.] [PAR] bird\u2032ing n. [PAR] (b\u025c\u02d0d) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Animals) any warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrate of the class Aves, characterized by a body covering of feathers and forelimbs modified as wings. Birds vary in size between the ostrich and the humming bird. [PAR] 2. informal a person (usually preceded by a qualifying adjective, as in the phrases rare bird, odd bird, clever bird) [PAR] 3. slang chiefly Brit a girl or young woman, esp one's girlfriend [PAR] 4. slang prison or a term in prison (esp in the phrase do bird; shortened from birdlime, rhyming slang for time) [PAR] 5. a bird in the hand something definite or certain [PAR] 6. the bird has flown informal the person in question has fled or escaped [PAR] 7. the birds and the bees euphemistic or jocular sex and sexual reproduction [PAR] 8. birds of a feather people with the same characteristics, ideas, interests, etc [PAR] 9. get the bird informal [PAR] a. to be fired or dismissed [PAR] b. (esp of a public performer) to be hissed at, booed, or derided [PAR] 10. give someone the bird informal to tell someone rudely to depart; scoff at; hiss [PAR] 11. kill two birds with one stone to accomplish two things with one action [PAR] 12. like a bird without resistance or difficulty [PAR] 13. a little bird a (supposedly) unknown informant: a little bird told me it was your birthday. [PAR] 14. for the birds strictly for the birds informal deserving of disdain or contempt; not important [PAR] [Old English bridd, of unknown origin] [PAR] \u02c8birdlike adj [PAR] (Biography) nickname of (Charlie) Parker [PAR] bird [PAR] (b\u025crd) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. any warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrate of the class Aves, having feathers, forelimbs modified into wings, scaly legs, and a beak. [PAR] 2. a fowl or game bird. [PAR] 5. Slang. a person, esp. one having some peculiarity: He's an odd bird. [PAR] 6. Informal. an aircraft, spacecraft, or guided missile. [PAR] 7. a thin piece of meat rolled around a stuffing and braised: veal birds. [PAR] 8. Chiefly Brit. Slang. a girl or young woman. [PAR] 9. the bird, Slang. [PAR] a. hissing, booing, etc., to show disapproval. [PAR] b. a gesture of contempt made by raising the middle finger. [PAR] 10. Archaic. the young of any fowl. [PAR] v.i. [PAR] 11. to catch or shoot birds. [PAR] 12. to bird-watch. [PAR] 1. birds of a feather, people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Roman Calendar - Time and Date AS The Roman Calendar [PAR] Home Calendar The Roman Calendar [PAR] The Roman Calendar [PAR] The ancient Roman calendar, or \u201cpre-Julian\u201d calendar, is believed to have been a lunar calendar. The calendar originally consisted of hollow months that were 29 days long or full months that had 30 days. [PAR] The Colosseum in Rome. [PAR] The Colosseum in Rome is one of the most famous ruins from the Roman era. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/matthewleesdixon [PAR] King Romulus [PAR] The original Roman calendar was said to be invented by Romulus, the first king of Rome, around 753 BCE . The calendar started the year in March (Martius) and consisted of 10 months, with 6 months of 30 days and 4 months of 31 days. The winter season was not assigned to any month, so the calendar year only lasted 304 days with 61 days unaccounted for in the winter. [PAR] Calendar of Romulus: [PAR] December - 30 Days [PAR] Calends, Nones, and Ides [PAR] Unlike the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the Roman calendar had a different system for numbering the days of the month. The months were divided into day markers that fell at the start of the month, the fifth or seventh day, and in the middle of the month. These 3 markers were called Calends, Nones and Ides. [PAR] Calends (Kalendae, Kalends) signify the start of the new moon cycle and was always the first day of the month. It is derived from the Greek word \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u201cto announce\u201d the days of the full and new moon. [PAR] Nones (Nonae) were known to be the days of the half moon which usually occur 8 days before the Ides. [PAR] Ides occurred on the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th day of the other months. They are thought to have been the days of the full moon. [PAR] Each day was referred to by how many days it fell before the Calends, Nones or Ides. For example, March 11 would be known as \u201cFive Ides\u201d to the Romans because it is four days before the Ides of March (March 15). [PAR] Adding January and February [PAR] The 304-day Roman calendar didn\u2019t work for long because it didn\u2019t align with the seasons. King Numa Pompilius reformed the calendar around 700 BCE by adding the months of January (Ianuarius) and February (Februarius) to the original 10 months, which increased the year's length to 354 or 355 days. [PAR] The addition of January and February meant that some of the months' names no longer agreed with their position in the calendar (September - December). The month Quintilis was renamed July in honor of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE and Sextilis was renamed August in honor of Augustus in 8 BCE. [PAR] The Intercalary Month [PAR] The Roman calendar was still flawed after adding January and February, as well as the days and months needed to keep the calendar in line with the seasons. Many attempts were made to align the calendar with the seasons but all failed. An extra month was added to the calendar in some years to make up for the lack of days in a year. [PAR] The insertion of the intercalary month was made by the pontifex maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs in ancient Rome. However this system was flawed because the Roman calendar year defined the term of office of elected officials, thus a pontifex maximus could control the length of the year depending on their political agenda. [PAR] When Julius Caesar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Samsonite Luggage | Luggage Pros Samsonite Luggage, Suitcases & Bags | Luggage Pros [PAR] Receive Samsonite Email Alerts [PAR] About Samsonite [PAR] For almost 100 years, Samsonite has been regarded as a top-quality luggage producer and retailer. Named after the Biblical strongman, the company emerged as a travel trunk manufacturer during an age when travel was reserved for the elite few. The customers of those days were selective about their gear, choosing only the most attractive and most durable equipment to haul their wares with them near and far. [PAR] It's because of that dedication to quality that Samsonite has survived\u2014and thrived\u2014through economic depressions, recessions, and global financial crises when others could not. [PAR] Today, the Samsonite brand remains a top contender in luggage and travel gear. Its line of products has broadened to include everything from rolling luggage to briefcases to travel accessories, yet their products continue to encapsulate the strength and boldness required to be Worldproof\u00ae. [PAR] First-time purchasers soon become lifelong fans, and it's no mystery why: The company was and still remains one of the best-known manufacturers of quality travel gear in the world. Samsonite's forward-thinking designs, innovative materials, and dedication to their Golden Rule motto - \"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you\" - speaks to a brand that will remain relevant and fashionable for decades to come. [PAR] Award Winning [PAR] As a winner of numerous awards, Samsonite looks ahead with its designs and innovations to assure their products stay ahead of the game. Rigorous testing processes ensure each and every one of their products meets or exceeds buyers' expectations in durability, usability, comfort, and style. Innovative materials\u2014including their exclusive Curv\u00ae technology, used in designing their best-selling Cosmolite Collection of lightweight, extra durable rolling luggage - assures that Samsonite products will continue to remain longstanding icons and favorites of the travel equipment industry for years to come. [PAR] Warranty [PAR] In the rare case that a product is found to be defective in material or workmanship, the company offers a variety of limited warranties to assist the customer in repairing or replacing the defective gear. (The length of warranty depends on the product type purchased. Learn More ) [PAR] Construction Quality [PAR] All Samsonite products are thoughtfully engineered and integrate compact and streamlined appeal with space-saving pockets and compartments that won't get in the way of practical day-to-day use. On top of that, the company's designers have tacked on spinner wheels to most of their rolling products, allowing users to easily maneuver their belongings through airports, offices, hallways, hotels, or anywhere else they plan (or don't plan) to go. [PAR] Selection [PAR] Though Samsonite remains one of the world's greatest names in luggage, behind the science of remaining practical and new the company strives to stay mindful of their customers' individuality. That's why they offer up a variety of colors or patterns to coordinate with even the most particular tastes, and tack on a wide variety of accessories - from umbrellas and toiletry sets, to travel pillows and outlet adapters - to solidly prepare even the most adventurous user. [PAR] Whether you're in need of new travel and business gear, or are seeking accessories for current equipment, Samsonite's got you covered. In addition to its traditional luggage offerings, you can find gear like totes, backpacks, duffel bags, and even kid-friendly lines and accessories featuring Disney\u00ae, Star Wars\u00ae, and Marvel\u00ae characters. [PAR] Samsonite Luggage [PAR] Items 1 to 24 of 132 total [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oranges and Lemons and the bells of old London Town ... Oranges and Lemons and the bells of old London Town | Inspiring City [PAR] Random Wanderings around London looking at Street Art and other things [PAR] Oranges and Lemons and the bells of old London Town [PAR] by inspiringcity [PAR] One of the most recognised English language nursery rhymes is the famous Oranges and Lemons. The rhyme works its way through a number of famous old London churches and I\u2019ve often wondered where those churches were. [PAR] Every morning I walk past a pub called the Bow Bells which is a great, traditional, quite earthy east end boozer painted bright orange and with the full nursery rhyme written outside stuck to the wall on a green board. [PAR] The pub is also just down the road from \u2018Bow Church\u2019 which is thought by some to be the location of the \u2018Great bell of Bow\u2019. This is the last bell to be mentioned in the nursery rhyme. Unfortunately for Bow Church however the common consensus has it that the real location of the Great Bell of Bow is actually at the St Mary le Bow church on Cheapside in the city which is about 3 miles the other way. Bow church though is old enough to have been around when the rhyme was written and its bells would certinaly have been heard by many. [PAR] But then that\u2019s part of the fun of the nursery rhyme. What does it mean and where did those lines come from? The words were written at a time when London was very different and the churches of the city would have been utterly dominant not only in terms of their impact on the skyline but in terms qof their influence on social life as well. [PAR] In terms of genealogy it appears that the first recorded version of the rhyme appeared in 1744 but not in the form that it is known now. Prior to that it is likely that it will have been well known and there is evidence that a dance known as oranges and lemons dates back to 1655. [PAR] So let\u2019s go through the rhyme, the rest of this blog post will look at the churches, where they are and what the words refer to. There are lots of theories about why the song was written in the first place and a quick search of google will come up with loads of them. My favourite is that the the rhyme simply developed over time as a means to remember the different areas of London which will have been defined by their churches. So onto the rhyme and in homage to the Bow Bells pub, the version I\u2019ll be using is the version written on the outside of the pub. [PAR] \u2018Happy go up, and happy go down [PAR] To ring the bells of London Town\u2019. [PAR] \u2018oranges and lemons say the bells of St.Clements\u2019 [PAR] St. Clements Church on Eastcheap is where we start our journey. There is some debate over whether the true 'oranges and lemons' church was here or St. Clements Dane in the Strand. It would seem however that the majority of opinion places the iconic bells here on Eastcheap. The oranges and lemons of the song refer to the cargo that would have been offloaded close to the church when the Thames was a lot further in than it is today. [PAR] \u2018Bullseyes and targets say the bells of St. Margarets\u2019 [PAR] In the heart of the city and next door to the bank"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are Some Arboreal Animals? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK What are Some Arboreal Animals? (with pictures) [PAR] What are Some Arboreal Animals? [PAR] Last Modified Date: 04 January 2017 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] These 10 animal facts will amaze you [PAR] Arboreal animals are animals that spend most or all of their time in trees. Many of them exist, and some are quite famous \u2014 the koala , lemur, flying squirrel , New World porcupine, tree sloth, spider monkey , tarsier, leopard , orangutan, chameleon , gecko, fruit bat, and many tree frogs, snakes, birds, and lizards. Animals of this type live in all the forests of the world, but are the most common in tropical forests, where the lush foliage and the canopy level creates a veritable floor of trees and leaves. In the nooks and crannies of trees, water collects in small pools, providing a source of moisture for a whole mini- ecosystem . [PAR] To climb in trees consistently and without falling, arboreal animals display a wide variety of adaptations, many of them shared between them. These include lithe bodies, clawed or sticky feet, and prehensile tails. Some, like tree sloths, have huge claws that let them hang from trees without expending any energy whatsoever. Some tree sloths cling so tenaciously to trees that they continue hanging for days after death. [PAR] Ad [PAR] The primary biodiversity hotspots for arboreal animals are the world's four largest rainforests \u2014 the Amazon, Congo, Madagascar, and Southeast Asia. The reason for the evolution of the arboreal lifestyle is obvious \u2014 trees are rich in animals and fruits, and allow their occupants to avoid predators on the ground. In fact, some animals, such as sloths, are so fearful of the ground that if their offspring accidentally falls, they will avoid going down to recover them. In rainforests, thick tree branches often rise 100 ft (30 m) or more above the ground, providing ample room to live and eat. Some animals spend their entire lives jumping from tree to tree, never touching the ground. [PAR] One of the most interesting adaptations displayed by arboreal animals are stretchy membranes between their legs or toes that allow for extensive gliding. While flight has only evolved independently four times in the history of nature (insects, pterosaurs, birds, and bats), gliding has evolved dozens of times. Some gliding animals include the flying squirrel (found across Eurasia and North America, American species rarely seen due to their nocturnal lifestyle), flying frogs (a trait which has evolved independently in more than 3,400 species), and Draco lizards, which can glide for up to 100 m (328 ft) under optimal conditions. [PAR] Ad [PAR] anon312236 [PAR] Post 9 [PAR] This was really helpful. Oh, and save the rainforest! By the way, you should look up red pandas even though they live in the taiga. [PAR] JackWhack [PAR] Post 8 [PAR] I'm a little surprised that tree frogs are arboreal animals, because even though they have the word \u201ctree\u201d in their name, I frequently see them hanging out in other locations. My pond is just full of them, and they seem to gather there at twilight to sing noisy songs together. [PAR] I've also seen them clinging to the outside of my windows. I can see their little suction cups on their feet. [PAR] kylee07drg [PAR] Post 7 [PAR] Some bears are arboreal animals. I've read that certain kinds will build nests in trees and sleep there. [PAR] It's also common for bear cubs to sleep in trees. This keeps them from being vulnerable to predators. [PAR] feasting [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mrs Brown (1997) - IMDb Mrs Brown (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Queen Victoria is deeply depressed after the death of her husband, disappearing from public. Her servant Brown, who adores her, through caress and admiration brings her back to life, but ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 07 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 18 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Mrs Brown \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 12 wins & 23 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A meditation on power and the metaphor of the body of state, based on the real episode of dementia experienced by George III [now suspected a victim of porphyria, a blood disorder]. As he ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Nicholas Hytner [PAR] True story of the lifelong romance between novelist Iris Murdoch and her husband John Bayley, from their student days through her battle with Alzheimer's disease. [PAR] Director: Richard Eyre [PAR] Laura Henderson buys an old London theater and opens it up as the Windmill, a performance hall which goes down in history for, among other things, its all-nude revues. [PAR] Director: Stephen Frears [PAR] A film of the early years of the reign of Elizabeth I of England and her difficult task of learning what is necessary to be a monarch. [PAR] Director: Shekhar Kapur [PAR] An orphaned Italian boy is raised among a circle of British and American women living in Mussolini's Italy before and during the Second World War. [PAR] Director: Franco Zeffirelli [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2/10 X [PAR] An impoverished woman who has been forced to choose between a privileged life with her wealthy aunt and her journalist lover, befriends an American heiress. When she discovers the heiress is attracted to her own lover and is dying, she sees a chance to have both the privileged life she cannot give up and the lover she cannot live without. [PAR] Director: Iain Softley [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Queen Victoria is deeply depressed after the death of her husband, disappearing from public. Her servant Brown, who adores her, through caress and admiration brings her back to life, but that relationship creates scandalous situation and is likely to lead to monarchy crisis. Written by Anonymous [PAR] See All (57) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] Queen Victoria, the world's most powerful woman. John Brown, a simple Scottish Highlander. Their extraordinary friendship transformed an empire. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated PG for a beating, language and brief nudity | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 3 October 1997 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Her Majesty, Mrs. Brown See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] $76,268 (USA) (18 July 1997) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Actor Geoffrey Palmer , who plays Henry"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Flintstones - The Cartoon Network Wiki - Wikia The Flintstones | The Cartoon Network Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Ended [PAR] Wiki [PAR] The Flinstones is an animated, prime-time American television sitcom that was broadcast from September 30, 1960, to April 1, 1966, on ABC. The show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The Flintstones was about a working-class Stone Age man's life with his family and his next-door neighbor and best friend. The show's continuing popularity rested heavily on its juxtaposition of modern everyday concerns in the Stone Age setting. The Flintstones was the most financially successful network animated franchise for three decades, until The Simpsons debuted. [PAR] The original pilot episode clip was called The Flagstones (which first appeared in 1959 as a 90-second promotion to draw advertisers to the show) and was later reincorporated into the show's first episode (third episode in original air date order). The show's name was changed to The Flintstones shortly thereafter. [PAR] In 1992 reruns of the series began airing on Cartoon Network . Currently The Flintstones airs on Cartoon Network's sister channel Boomerang . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Overview [PAR] The Flinstones follows two Stone Age families, the Flintstones and their neighbors, the Rubbles. Much of the humor was based on its comic portrayals of modern conveniences, reinterpreted using Stone Age 'technology.' Most notably were their cars, complete with absence of floorboards to allow them to be 'foot-powered.' The show is set in the Stone Age town of Bedrock. (In some of the earlier episodes, it was also referred to as \"Rockville\".) In this fantasy version of the past, dinosaurs, saber-toothed tigers, woolly mammoths, and other long-extinct animals co-exist with cavemen. Like their mid-20th century counterparts, these cavemen listen to records, live in split-level homes, and eat out at restaurants, yet their technology is made entirely from pre-industrial materials and largely powered through the use of animals. For example, the cars are made out of stone, wood, and animal skins, and powered by the passengers' feet (as in the theme song, \"Through the courtesy of Fred's two feet\"). [PAR] Often the \"prehistoric\" analog to a modern machine uses an animal. For example, when a character takes photographs with an instant camera, inside the camera box, a bird carves the picture on a stone tablet with its beak. In a running gag, the animal powering such technology would frequently break the fourth wall, look directly into the camera at the audience and offer a mild complaint about his job. Other commonly seen gadgets in the series include a baby woolly mammoth used as a vacuum cleaner; an adult woolly mammoth acting as a shower by spraying water with its trunk; elevators raised and lowered by ropes around brontosauruses' necks; \"automatic\" windows powered by monkeys on the outside; birds acting as \"car horns\", sounded by the driver pulling on their tails or squeezing their bodies; an \"electric\" razor made from a clam shell, vibrating from a honey-bee inside; a pelican as a washing machine, shown with a beakful of soapy water; and a woodpecker whose beak is used to play a gramophone record. In most cases, \"The Man of a Thousand Voices\", Mel Blanc, contributed the animals' gag lines, often lowering his voice one to two full octaves, far below the range he used to voice the character of Barney Rubble. In the case of the Flintstones' cuckoo clocks, which varied from mechanical toys to live birds announcing the time, when the hour approached 12:00, the bird inside the clock \"cuckooing\" usually just ran out of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breathing new life into a river Norwich turned its back on ... Breathing new life into a river Norwich turned its back on - Politics - Eastern Daily Press [PAR] Breathing new life into a river Norwich turned its back on [PAR] @dangrimmer24 [PAR] 14 February, 2015 - 10:43 [PAR] The City of Norwich viewed from the River Wensum. The Lady Julian Bridge at Riverside. Picture: Denise Bradley [PAR] Archant [PAR] Email this article to a friend [PAR] To send a link to this page you must be logged in. [PAR] Organisations join forces to find ways to unlock river\u2019s potential [PAR] For years, there have been calls for more to be done to make the most of the River Wensum. [PAR] And now a string of organisations have joined forces to develop a strategy for the river. [PAR] They want to use it as a focus for tourism, leisure and business and hope the formation of a new partnership could help to secure funding, such as National Lottery cash, to breathe new life into the river. Norwich City Council is leading the development of a joint strategy for the river, working in partnership with the Broads Authority, Norfolk County Council and the Wensum River Parkway Partnership. [PAR] The strategy will manage the River Wensum and surrounding area for the benefit of the city and its residents, while also increasing access to, and use of, the river itself. [PAR] Grants \u2013 including National Lottery cash \u2013 could be brought in to help transform the river, to emulate cities such as Cambridge, York and Bath. [PAR] How do you think the River Wensum could be improved? Write, giving full contact details, to Letters Editor, Prospect House, Rouen Road, Norwich NR1 1RE. [PAR] The city grew around the winding river. Until the arrival of the railway and modern roads, it was how goods and trade came to the city, which was once England\u2019s second largest. [PAR] The stone to build the cathedral arrived by boat. The river was the very lifeblood of the city. [PAR] But about 200 years ago, everything changed, with families who used to live in riverside homes moving to the suburbs. The river became a backwater. [PAR] The new strategy, developed by Norwich City Council, the Broads Authority, Norfolk County Council and the Wensum River Parkway Partnership, aims to change that. [PAR] Proposals for Generation Park. [PAR] Alec Hartley, chairman of the Wensum River Parkway Partnership, is optimistic that Norwich can become a river city once more. [PAR] He said: \u201cAt the moment there are hardly any access points to the river. There are two pontoons which are not used and two slipways which are too steep.\u201d [PAR] Mr Hartley said the development of Friars Quay in the 1970s was an example of how to get housing development right. [PAR] But he said: \u201cIf you want an example of bad practice, then there\u2019s Read\u2019s Flour Mill, which has cut the river off. [PAR] Wensum River Parkway Partnership chairman Alec Hartley near Whitefriars bridge. He is calling for a debate on how best to breathe new life into the area along the river that passes through the entire of Norwich. Photo: Steve Adams [PAR] \u201cThe proposals for Generation Park are another example of getting it right, with the housing set back some distance from the river.\u201d [PAR] And what of the Riverside complex, so often viewed as a missed opportunity, given that most of the buildings have their backs to the river. [PAR] Mr Hartley said: \u201cIt would be quite easy to turn it to face the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russian Caviar - Buy at Marky's Gourmet Store Russian Caviar \u2013 from $32.11 \u2013 Marky\u2019s Gourmet Store [PAR] Pages: 1 2 3 4 \u00bb View All [PAR] The kinds of Russian black caviar [PAR] The most expensive kind of the Russian caviar is the Russian Beluga caviar. Beluga has nearly extinguished because of overfishing, poaching, and water pollution, thus, the industrial fishing of this species is strictly limited and controlled, which has highly influenced its price and has stimulated the farming of this species after the official ban on import of the Caspian sea caviar. Only now after 10 years, we may see the results and we are expecting the Beluga to be supplied to our stock for we could offer it to our valued customers. The Russian Beluga caviar is considered to be the most delicious ones in the world. Its big pearlescent beads have the most delicate and subtle flavor that makes the gourmet lose their mind. [PAR] The most popular and sought after is the Russian Osetra. Indeed, the Russian Osetra caviar makes an ideal balance of the flavor, the size, and the price. So if you want to buy Russian caviar most probably you'll buy the Russian Osetra. Though this Royal delight is pretty expensive, the price will be compensated by the incredible sea flavor, tender texture and luxurious appearance. There are many different types of the Russian Osetra sorted by grades, by the manufacturer, by the size, and by the color, but all you need to know is they are all perfectly delicious for you and are worth every single cent spent on it! Furthermore, you can save by ordering the Russian caviar online at the Marky's Gourmet shop. [PAR] The closest analog to the Russian Beluga caviar is the Kaluga. This species is very similar to Beluga but just a little bit smaller and sometimes called the 'river Beluga' for its life cycle that includes a very long period of life in the rivers, unlike the Beluga that goes to the rivers only during the spawning period. Kaluga and all of its types have the flavor and texture very close to the Russian Beluga caviar. Very tender and delicious with the inherent nuttiness and butteriness, these big pearlescent beads will make your dinner unforgettable. [PAR] Despite its smaller size, the Sevruga is the most flavorful caviar in the Sturgeon family and sometimes it is called 'Strong Sturgeon'. The small pearlescent black beads conceal a briny juice with a complex sea flavor that makes the connoisseurs' taste buds tremble in expectancy of the highest delight of enjoying the nutty and buttery flavor [PAR] Russian Sevruga caviar and Sterlet caviar offered by Marky's Caviar are produced on domestic Sturgeon AquaFarm - the only aqua farm in North America to raise Beluga, Sterlet and Sevruga sturgeon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shakespearean Sonnet Basics: Iambic Pentameter and the ... Shakespearean Sonnet Basics: Iambic Pentameter and the English Sonnet Style [PAR] [PAR] Shakespearean Sonnet Basics: Iambic Pentameter and the English Sonnet Style [PAR] Shakespeare's sonnets are written predominantly in a meter called iambic pentameter, a rhyme scheme in which each sonnet line consists of ten syllables. The syllables are divided into five pairs called iambs or iambic feet. An iamb is a metrical unit made up of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. An example of an iamb would be good BYE. A line of iambic pentameter flows like this: [PAR] baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM. [PAR] Here are some examples from the sonnets: [PAR] When I / do COUNT / the CLOCK / that TELLS / the TIME ( Sonnet 12 ) [PAR] When IN / dis GRACE / with FOR / tune AND / men\ufffds EYES [PAR] I ALL / a LONE / be WEEP / my OUT/ cast STATE ( Sonnet 29 ) [PAR] Shall I / com PARE/ thee TO / a SUM / mer's DAY? [PAR] Thou ART / more LOVE / ly AND / more TEM / per ATE ( Sonnet 18 ) [PAR] Shakespeare's plays are also written primarily in iambic pentameter, but the lines are unrhymed and not grouped into stanzas. Unrhymed iambic pentameter is called blank verse . It should be noted that there are also many prose passages in Shakespeare\ufffds plays and some lines of trochaic tetrameter , such as the Witches' speeches in Macbeth . [PAR] Sonnet Structure [PAR] There are fourteen lines in a Shakespearean sonnet. The first twelve lines are divided into three quatrains with four lines each. In the three quatrains the poet establishes a theme or problem and then resolves it in the final two lines, called the couplet. The rhyme scheme of the quatrains is abab cdcd efef. The couplet has the rhyme scheme gg. This sonnet structure is commonly called the English sonnet or the Shakespearean sonnet, to distinguish it from the Italian Petrarchan sonnet form which has two parts: a rhyming octave (abbaabba) and a rhyming sestet (cdcdcd). The Petrarchan sonnet style was extremely popular with Elizabethan sonneteers, much to Shakespeare's disdain (he mocks the conventional and excessive Petrarchan style in Sonnet 130 ). [PAR] Only three of Shakespeare's 154 sonnets do not conform to this structure: Sonnet 99 , which has 15 lines; Sonnet 126 , which has 12 lines; and Sonnet 145 , which is written in iambic tetrameter. [PAR] _____ [PAR] How to cite this article: [PAR] Mabillard, Amanda. Shakespearean Sonnet Basics: Iambic Pentameter and the English Sonnet Style. Shakespeare Online. 30 Aug. 2000. < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html >. [PAR] ______"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Duck - Salimbeti Donald Duck [PAR] Carl Barks [PAR] Donald - Made in Italy [PAR] In the same time as the Barks' stories, the Italian production with authors like Guido Martina, Giovan Battista Carpi, Luciano Bottaro, Romano Scarpa, Pier Lorenzo and Massimo DeVita, Giorgio Cavazzano, Marco Rota and several others continued to develope the character of Donald and remaining almost always faithful to the Disney spirit of Gottfredson, Taliaferro but over all of Barks, they created great adventures reprinted, translated and published in several countries, creating new characters to what has been called \"The big duck family\". [PAR] Of these stories made in Italy, the ones called parodies are probably the most characteristic ones which have seen Donald playing several famous historical literature characters like PAPERINO DON CHISCIOTTE 1955, IL DOTTOR PAPERUS 1958, PAPERIN DI TARASCONA 1957, EL KID PAMPEADOR 1959, PAPERIN FURIOSO 1966 PAPERIN FRACASSA 1967, PAPERIN DE PAPERAC 1967, PAPERIN AL\u00cc 1985 and much more. [PAR] Paperin De Paperac [PAR] Paperin Furioso [PAR] DUCK AVENGER the devilish avenger [PAR] In 1969 the same Italian artist group had created Donald's secret identity and alter-ego Paperinik (for which the most appropriate English translation is \"DUCK AVENGER\"). With a black costume which originally belonged to the gentleman thief FANTOMALLARD and a mask to hide (but not much) his identity, Donald had Gyro create a secret hideout under his house, while having him modify his car with several special devices to accomplished his night revenge missions. [PAR] His adventures had a big success and have been reprinted in several other countries. [PAR] Always in Italy in 1996 the hyper-technological super-hero version of Paperinik was created called PK (in the beginning short form for Paperinik than transformed in that for the scientific latin name Platyrhynchos Kineticus \"energized duck\" but in USA also known as Duck Avenger). This character which has nothing to do with the original Paperinik, lives in a futuristic habitat similar to the one of some American super heros where he acts in interdimensional complex and charming adventures but that are completely out of the classical Disney universe. [PAR] PK \"Platyrhynchos Kineticus\" [PAR] In Italy in the 2008 was also created by Max Monteduro another secret identity of Donald named Doubleduck. In this identity he is a Special Agent working from a misterious Intelligence Agency so secret that it has no name. The character is based on the British Agent James Bond 007 by Fleming, Also in this case because of his psico-phisic quality and the tipology of adventures, this character is completelly out of the classical [PAR] being more likely his spy-story parody. [PAR] Miquel Pujol [PAR] Among the various authors who have written Donald stories worth mentioning in various countries, are those had worked for the Disney \"Studio Program\", (the Disney project for export comics) such as Dick Kinney and Al Hubbar creators of Donald's cousin Fethry Duck 1964, Tony Strobl, Jack Bradbury and important great artists like the Chilean Victor Arriagada Rios, better known as Vicar, who takes much from Barks reference, or the Argentinian Daniel Branca (both collaborators of the Danish publisher Egmont). The Spanish Jos\u00e9 Cardona, Miquel Pujol and Jos\u00e9 Maria Colom\u00e8r Fonts, the Olands Daan Jippes and Fred Milton, and the Brasilians Carlos Herero, Irineu Soares and Roberto Fukue. [PAR] Daan Jippes [PAR] But who mainly took over Donald according to Barks' stories, are the American artists William Van Horn and Don Rosa. Of the former, one story drawn worth mentioning is the famous HORSING AROUND WITH HISTORY 1998, a ducks adventure written by Barks himself when he was 93 years old."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to score points - BBC News BBC SPORT | Rugby League | Laws & Equipment | How to score points [PAR] How to score points [PAR] There are four main ways to score in rugby league: [PAR] Try - four points [PAR] A try is worth four points - the maximum number of points you can score in one go in rugby league. [PAR] It is scored when a player puts the ball on the ground with \"downward pressure\" (very important) inside the opposition's in-goal area between the try line and dead ball line. [PAR] If a defender makes an offence while the opposition are about to score a try, then the referee can award a penalty kick in front of the posts after the conversion kick. [PAR] This means the opposition can score eight points if they are successful in scoring the try, the goal kick and the penalty kick. [PAR] But if the try was not scored because of the offence, the referee will award a penalty try in front of the posts, as well as the extra penalty kick. [PAR] Goal kick - two points [PAR] A team is awarded a goal kick after a try has been scored. The team has the chance to \"convert\" the kick at goal for two further points. [PAR] The kick is taken from a point level with where the try was scored. [PAR] The kick is successful if the ball goes between the opposition's goalposts and above the crossbar. [PAR] Penalty - two points [PAR] The referee will award a penalty when an offence has occurred. [PAR] A player can punt, drop kick or take a place kick anywhere behind where the offence took place. [PAR] They also have the choice of kicking for goal or for touch. [PAR] A kick for goal is worth two points if successful. [PAR] But to be successful, the ball has to go through the opposition's goalposts, above the crossbar. [PAR] Two touch judges will raise their flags if the penalty is successfully kicked. [PAR] If the team who gave away the penalty argue or commit further offences, the referee will punish them by taking the penalty 10 metres forward towards their goal-line. [PAR] The team kicking also gets a new set of six tackles to play with. [PAR] Play is re-started by placing the ball on the ground 10 metres into the field of play, parallel to where the ball went out to touch. [PAR] Teams can kick in any direction even backwards if they want to find space for a set play. [PAR] Drop goal - one point [PAR] A drop goal can be a spectacular way of scoring. If successful it will add one point to a team's score. [PAR] A drop goal is scored when a player kicks the ball from hand through the opposition's goal posts, above the crossbar. [PAR] However, the ball must touch the ground between being dropped and kicked."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Purfling: Definition with Purfling Pictures and Photos Purfling: Definition with Purfling Pictures and Photos [PAR] Literary usage of Purfling [PAR] Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature: [PAR] 1. Violins and Other Stringed Instruments: How to Make Them ; with Numerous by Paul Nooncree Hasluck (1907) [PAR] \"Another purfling Gauge. the instrument, being very careful not to cut too deep ... The wood between the lines can then be picked out with a bent purfling ...\" [PAR] 2. A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (A.D. 1450-1889): ...edited by Sir by George Grove, John Alexander Fuller-Maitland (1890) [PAR] \"Only a single strip of purfling is usually employed ; but double purfling, which in general injures the tone without improving the looks of an instrument, ...\" [PAR] 3. The Contemporary Review (1873) [PAR] \"The purfling consists of three thread-like pieces of wood, two of ebony, the centre one of sycamore, inlaid near the edge and following the lines of the ...\" [PAR] Other Resources Relating to: Purfling [PAR] Words people are searching for today:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camulodunum - definition of Camulodunum by The Free Dictionary Camulodunum - definition of Camulodunum by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Camulodunum - definition of Camulodunum by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Camulodunum [PAR] Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Col\u00b7ches\u00b7ter [PAR] (k\u014dl\u2032ch\u0115s\u2032t\u0259r, -ch\u012d-st\u0259r) [PAR] A borough of southeast England near the North Sea. It was an important pre-Roman city and the site of the first Roman colony in Britain. [PAR] Colchester [PAR] (\u02c8k\u0259\u028alt\u0283\u026ast\u0259) [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a town in E England, in NE Essex; university (1964). Pop: 104 390 (2001). Latin name: Camulodunum [PAR] Col\u2022ches\u2022ter [PAR] n. [PAR] a city in NE Essex, in E England. 149,100. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Maldon [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] THE Emperor Claudius spent just 16 days in Britain, long enough to lead his troops into Camulodunum and have his army build a huge fortress. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Camulodunum : definition of Camulodunum and synonyms of ... Camulodunum : definition of Camulodunum and synonyms of Camulodunum (English) [PAR] List of places: UK \u2022 England \u2022 Essex [PAR] Camulodunum is the Roman name for the ancient settlement which is today's Colchester , a town in Essex , England. Camulodunum is claimed to be the oldest town in Britain as recorded by the Romans, existing as a Celtic settlement before the Roman conquest, when it became the first Roman town, and eventually a settlement of discharged Roman soldiers, known as Colonia Claudia Victricensis. There is archaeological evidence of settlement 3,000 years ago. Its Celtic name was \"Camulodunon\", meaning \"the Fortress of Camulos \" (Camulos being a British god equated with the Roman Mars ). This name was modified to the Roman spelling of \"Camulodunum\". [PAR] Contents [PAR] 6 External links [PAR] Prehistoric era [PAR] Camulodunon was the capital of the Trinovantes tribe, who built an impressive system of earthwork defences to the west and south of the town. It was probably established as their capital by Addedomarus , a king known from his inscribed coins dating to around 25 - 10 BC (at the time of Caesar's invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, the tribe were probably based at Braughing ). For a brief period around 10 BC Tasciovanus , a king of the Catuvellauni already issuing coins from Verlamion , also issued coins from Camulodunon, suggesting that the Trinovantes' capital had been conquered by the Catuvellauni, but he was soon forced to withdraw, perhaps as a result of Roman pressure \u2013 his later coins are no longer marked with the Latin REX (for \"king\"), but with the Brythonic RICON \u2013 and Addedomarus was restored. His son Dubnovellaunus succeeded him, but was soon supplanted by Tasciovanus' son Cunobelinus . Cunobelinus then succeeded his father at Verlamion, beginning the dominance of the Catuvellauni over the south-east. [1] Cunobelinus was friendly with Rome, marking his coins with the word REX and classical motifs rather than the traditional Gallo-Belgic designs. Archaeology shows an increase in imported luxury goods, probably through the port of Camulodunon, during his reign. [2] He was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Happy Rabbit - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia Happy Rabbit | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Happy Rabbit (simply known as: Prototype-Bugs Bunny, Prototype-Bugs, or simply just Proto-Bugs) is a character from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series who later evolved into the Warner Bros. cartoon studio 's most famous character, Bugs Bunny . Created by Ben Hardaway in 1938, Happy Rabbit first appeared in the short Porky's Hare Hunt . [PAR] Happy Rabbit is more like Bugs Bunny in this short, except he has apricot-colored gloves and mouth, furrier tail, black nose, black-tipped ears, and a different voice. Happy's voice sounds \"rural\", and at times sounds rather like Daffy Duck's early voice. The laugh at the end of the cartoon, \"Heh-heh-heh-HEH-heh!\", is similar to the early version of Woody Woodpecker. [PAR] Like most of the other Looney Tunes characters, Happy Rabbit was voiced by Mel Blanc and later Joe Alaskey . No one remembered the name of the Bugs Bunny prototype until Blanc spoke of Bugs' origins in a 1970s interview. [PAR] History [PAR] Happy Rabbit made his screen debut in the 1938 Looney Tunes cartoon Porky's Hare Hunt , directed by Ben Hardaway. Similar in tone and execution to the previous year's Porky's Duck Hunt , which introduced Daffy Duck , Porky's Hare Hunt involves Porky hunting a white rabbit whose wild antics drive him mad. Mel Blanc would later use his \"Happy Rabbit\" voice characterization as the voice of Walter Lantz's Woody Woodpecker. Charles Jones used Happy Rabbit as a foil in his 1939 short, Prest-O Change-O , which marked the rabbit's second appearance. Happy was the focal point of his fourth cartoon, Hare-um Scare-um (1939), for which he was redesigned as a gray rabbit with large buck teeth. Happy Rabbit made his sixth appearance in Elmer's Candid Camera (1940), a cartoon which marked the first appearance of the \"official\" version of Elmer J. Fudd . The cartoon set into play the antagonistic relationship that would develop between Elmer and Happy's successor, Bugs Bunny, over the years. Throughout Elmer's Candid Camera, Happy Rabbit is very similar in appearance and personality to Bugs; the only major differences between the two were that Happy had apricot-colored gloves and muzzle, a furrier tail, a black nose, black-tipped ears, and a different voice. Happy appeared one last time with a cameo role in 1940's Patient Porky . The same year, Tex Avery directed A Wild Hare , a cartoon featuring Elmer Fudd hunting a rabbit, he had Happy Rabbit redesigned and revised with a new personality and even a different voice. The resulting rabbit character was given a new name - Bugs Bunny - in Chuck Jones' 1941 follow-up to A Wild Hare, Elmer's Pet Rabbit . [PAR] Happy Rabbit appeared in the deleted scenes of the 2003 film Looney Tunes: Back in Action ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iggy Biggy Buggy Fun Facts About Caterpillars Iggy Biggy Buggy Fun Facts About Caterpillars [PAR] Caterpillars sense touch through their antennae and also through their tiny hair, called [PAR] setae, which are all over their bodies. [PAR] Caterpillars breathe through little holes on the sides of their bodies called spiracles, not [PAR] through its mouth. The mouth and strong jaws, called mandibles are just for chewing their [PAR] food! [PAR] The life cycle of butterflies and moths is called complete metamorphosis. Butterflies and [PAR] moths have four stages of life: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Butterflies lay eggs on plant [PAR] leaves. As soon as a caterpillar is born, it is called a larva of either a butterfly or a moth. It [PAR] eats and eats and eats. Sooner than later, it turns into a pupa. The pupa stage is where it [PAR] goes into a chrysalis (caterpillar) or a cocoon (moth.) In the pupa stage, a lot is [PAR] happening! This is when the caterpillar body transforms into a butterfly or a moth, [PAR] antennae are formed, wings are finishing forming, and mouthparts are transformed. [PAR] Eventually, a beautiful butterfly or moth emerges and the adult stage begins, but it cannot [PAR] fly right away since its wings are wet and small. When the wings are dry and the muscles [PAR] are exercised, it can fly off the host plant. [PAR] Most caterpillars are herbivores, which mean they only eat plants, such as leaves and fruit, [PAR] while some species of caterpillars will eat other insects or insect eggs, or even other [PAR] caterpillars, such as the Zebra Swallowtail caterpillar. [PAR] Most caterpillars shed just like snakes. Caterpillars grow so much and so quick, its skin [PAR] becomes too tight. When this happens, it will shed its old skin, just like snakes do. This [PAR] is called \u201cmolting.\u201d Then the same thing will happen again, and again. Shedding of the [PAR] skin usually happens about 4-5 times. Right before a caterpillar sheds for the last time, it [PAR] may not look anything like how it looked when it was a baby! It\u2019s much bigger, may be fuzzy [PAR] now and grown hair, have different colors, bristles, tufts called \u201cpencils,\u201d or even spines. [PAR] Did you know that it is a myth that caterpillars eat everything? They are actually extremely [PAR] picky eaters. Most species of butterflies eat only leaves of a single type of plant or fruit, or a [PAR] group of closely related plants. The main plant a caterpillar consumes is called the host [PAR] plant for that butterfly or moth species. For example, Monarch butterflies will only eat [PAR] milkweed plants, Tiger Swallowtail butterflies will only eat the leaves from black cherry [PAR] trees, and Black Swallowtail butterflies eat only parsley, dill, fennel and rue. [PAR] Caterpillars have something called a spinneret, which is a silk stranding. This is what it [PAR] uses to drop and swing, and lets it go even when it walks, and is also used as a wrap to [PAR] make its chrysalis or cocoon. [PAR] Believe it or not, some caterpillars are actually poisonous! Caterpillars get their toxicity [PAR] from the food it eats. For instance, when the Monarch caterpillar eats their food, milkweed [PAR] plants, the plants themselves have toxins in them. So when the caterpillar ingests the [PAR] plants, they ingest the toxins. The toxins do not harm the caterpillars, but actually helps [PAR] them by helping to keep predators away. If a caterpillar is brightly colored, it is probably [PAR] poisonous, so be careful. [PAR] The most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nursery Rhymes - Tom Tom the Pipers Son Tom Tom the Pipers Son - Nursery Rhymes [PAR] Nursery Rhymes [PAR] Tom, Tom, the piper's son, [PAR] Stole a pig, and away did run; [PAR] The pig was eat And Tom was beat, [PAR] And Tom went crying [PAR] Nursery Rhymes \u203a People And Children Songs \u203a Tom Tom The Pipers Son [PAR] Viewed By 1993 Kids [PAR] NurseryRhymes.com is a free site offering lyrics and music to hundreds of popular nursery rhymes that have been passed down through the ages. Use our site to keep kids entertained, find lyrics to a nursery rhyme that you can't remember, or bring you back to a happy time when you were child.[DOC] [TLE] Tom The Piper's Son - Children Songs & Nursery Rhymes In ... Tom The Piper's Son - Children Songs & Nursery Rhymes In English With Lyrics - YouTube [PAR] Tom The Piper's Son - Children Songs & Nursery Rhymes In English With Lyrics [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 3, 2013 [PAR] Check out the Lyrics of this Nursery Rhyme : [PAR] Tom, Tom, the piper's son [PAR] Stole a pig and away did run; [PAR] The pig was eat; [PAR] And Tom ran howling [PAR] Down the street. Watch fun filled animation of English,Hindi,Nursery Rhyme and much more. [PAR] To watch more entertaining and educating videos on animation stories nursery rhymes learning series, school poems, animated nursery rhyme with music, voice kids songs song for children The traditional nursery rhyme. Take your child to his first lesson about his body with this interactive video and school poems .Young children enjoy watching cartoons more than anything else. And when cartoons are accompanied by cute hummable rhymes there's nothing like it. Cuddle up to your little ones and take them through this entertaining of fun and learn. [PAR] Cute Videos Which Will Help the Entire Family to Enjoy With the Kids. To watch more entertaining and educating videos on animation stories, nursery rhymes, learning series and school poems, SUBSCRIBE NOW http://www.youtube.com/user/AnimatedK... [PAR] and Enjoy ,learn wonderful poems in Hindi,English,Tamil.Telegu [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] To Have and Have Not (1944) - IMDb To Have and Have Not (1944) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] To Have and Have Not ( 1944 ) [PAR] Not Rated | [PAR] During World War II, American expatriate Harry Morgan helps transport a French Resistance leader and his beautiful wife to Martinique while romancing a sensuous lounge singer. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 10 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 28 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 30 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 3 weeks ago [PAR] Title: To Have and Have Not (1944) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A man visits his old friend's hotel and finds a gangster running things. As a hurricane approaches, the two end up confronting each other. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Private detective Philip Marlowe is hired by a rich family. Before the complex case is over, he's seen murder, blackmail, and what might be love. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] A man convicted of murdering his wife escapes from prison and works with a woman to try and prove his innocence. [PAR] Director: Delmer Daves [PAR] After being released from prison, notorious thief Roy Earle is hired by his old boss to help a group of inexperienced criminals plan and carry out the robbery of a California resort. [PAR] Director: Raoul Walsh [PAR] A potentially violent screenwriter is a murder suspect until his lovely neighbor clears him. But she begins to have doubts... [PAR] Director: Nicholas Ray [PAR] In Africa during World War I, a gin-swilling riverboat captain is persuaded by a strait-laced missionary to use his boat to attack an enemy warship. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A private eye escapes his past to run a gas station in a small town, but his past catches up with him. Now he must return to the big city world of danger, corruption, double crosses and duplicitous dames. [PAR] Director: Jacques Tourneur [PAR] A private detective takes on a case that involves him with three eccentric criminals, a gorgeous liar, and their quest for a priceless statuette. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Fred Dobbs and Bob Curtin, two Americans searching for work in Mexico, convince an old prospector to help them mine for gold in the Sierra Madre Mountains. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] A newspaper editor uses every trick in the book to keep his ace reporter ex-wife from remarrying. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] At a remote South American trading port, the manager of an air freight company is forced to risk his pilots' lives in order to win an important contract. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] When a rich woman's ex-husband and a tabloid-type reporter turn up just before her planned remarriage, she begins to learn the truth about herself. [PAR] Director: George Cukor [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Harry Morgan and his alcoholic sidekick, Eddie, are based on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse | artble.com Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse | artble.com [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse [PAR] Date of Creation: [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse Story / Theme [PAR] Mrs. Sarah Siddons [PAR] \"We may look at, as Britons, at Greek sculpture and Italian paintings, with a humble consciousness that our native art has never reached their perfection; but, in the drama, we can confront Aeschylus himself with Shakespeare\" [PAR] Thomas Gainsborough [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse [PAR] Joshua Reynolds [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse [PAR] Joshua Reynolds [PAR] The story of Mrs. Siddons as The Tragic Muse is two-fold. There is the story of the real-life Mrs. Siddons who was a Shakespearean actress in the 18th century, and then there's the story of the Greek and Roman myth of Melpomene, the muse of tragedy. Both are explained below. [PAR] Mrs. Sarah Siddons: [PAR] Sarah Siddons was a well-known actress of the 18th century who became famous for her role as Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth. Born Sarah Kemble, aged 18 she married William Siddons, also an actor, and they had seven children of who only two survived. [PAR] Sarah's parents sent her to work as a lady's maid and with this job she was exposed to the works of England's literary greats such as Milton and Shakespeare. She also began acting and had a natural ability. [PAR] Eventually her marriage to William became strained and they separated from each other on their own terms. [PAR] Her acting career prospered and she was offered a position at Drury Lane where she became infamous for her role as the Queen of Tragedy and eventually was the leading actress at the theater. It has been said she funneled all of her sorrows from the death of her five children and her unhappy marriage into her acting and was invited to do private performances for the royal family. [PAR] Mrs. Siddons mixed with the well-to-do society of England throughout her life as well as knowing numerous playwrights and acting alongside the famous actor David Garrick, who was also frequently painted by Reynolds and Gainsborough. [PAR] Muse of Tragedy: [PAR] Melpom\u00e9ne is a character from Greek and Roman mythology, one of nine muses of the arts. She was originally the Muse of Song but then became the Muse of Tragedy. Singing was often utilized in Greek tragedies, which is how the transition from Melpom\u00e9ne's identification with song shifted to tragedy. [PAR] The name Melpom\u00e9ne comes from the Greek word melpo or melpomai, which means \"to celebrate with dance and song. \" In many statues and paintings of Melpom\u00e9ne, she is represented with a tragic mask and also often holds in her other hand a knife or club. [PAR] In Greek mythology, she is the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, who had eight other daughters, Melpom\u00e9ne's sisters and the eight other muses are: Calliope, muse of epic poetry; Clio, muse of history; Euterpe, muse of flute playing; Terpsichore, muse of dancing; Erato, muse of erotic poetry; Thalia muse of comedy; Polyhymnia, muse of hymns; and Urania, muse of astronomy. [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse Inspirations for the Work [PAR] Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse [PAR] Joshua Reynolds [PAR] Michelangelo [PAR] Reynolds was inspired not only by Sarah Siddons' extreme talent to embody the tragic heroine in Macbeth, but also by the Classical subject matter of the muses from ancient Greek/Roman mythologies that numerous sculptors tried"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vintage Recipes - Brown Windsor Soup - The Skittish Library Vintage Recipes - Brown Windsor Soup - The Skittish Library [PAR] Vintage Recipes \u2013 Brown Windsor Soup [PAR] by Estelle \u00b7 July 16, 2015 [PAR] Brown Windsor Soup \u2013 surely the stuff that the British Empire was built on? I know of it through Tony Hancock ordering it in an unappetising 1950s canteen, the Carry On team being served it for dinner it like unadventurous Brits in Carry on Abroad, and, well, in numerous other comedy settings from the 50s to the 70s. It\u2019s famously the dull embodiment of dreary British cuisine and looks a bit like sludge. Although I can\u2019t remember the ingredients ever being specified, I imagined it as a kind of thin, liquidised beef stew. [PAR] So it rather blew my mind to learn on Wikipedia that, in all likelihood, Brown Windsor Soup never actually existed as an actual, real thing from Victorian or Edwardian times. It was first included on the odd menu in the 1920s and 30s and thereafter apparently mainly used as a jokey kind of reference to terrible, dull British food. [PAR] Michael Quinion has investigated, and makes the claim that Brown Windsor Soup is first mentioned in print as late as 1943 \u2013 in the book The Fancy by Monica \u201cgreat-granddaughter of Charles\u201d Dickens. He has a few theories as to where the name came from. Firstly, there was White Windsor Soup, an undeniably real Victorian dish. Secondly, Brown Windsor Soap was also a definite, very famous, type of soap. And so there might have been some kind of confusion between these two items, or possibly a deliberate mashup of them both, for satirical purposes or otherwise. [PAR] I decided I wasn\u2019t going to take Wikipedia\u2019s word for this. I was going to uncover some true Brown Windsor Soup, as enjoyed by Queen Victoria. Wading through The British Newspaper Archive, the extensive search results that immediately popped up looked promising. However, on closer investigation, it was a quirk of the reading software of the Archive, which isn\u2019t always entirely accurate on account of the age of the papers scanned, and the tiny typefaces that can be used. Every result referred to Brown Windsor Soap, not soup. [PAR] However. There is another type of Victorian soup that may have been the Brown Windsor in all but specific name \u2013 the vague-sounding \u201cBrown Soup\u201d. [PAR] In basic form, this could be \u201cBeef Tea\u201d \u2013 either in invalid cookery form or as a kind of Bovril drink, like this one, \u201cBouillon Fleet\u201d from 1889: [PAR] Aberdeen Journal, 16th March 1889 [PAR] Or here on this restaurant menu in 1890, which was probably a more substantial version: [PAR] Shields Daily Gazette, 24th March 1890 [PAR] And it was served as a starter at the New Year\u2019s Dinner at a \u201cHome for Old Men and Women\u201d in Glasgow, 1895. This stereotypical Victorian menu consisted of brown soup, beef-steak pie and plum pudding. [PAR] Glasgow Herald, 2nd January 1895 [PAR] Talking of pudding \u2013 look! A recipe for \u201cBrown Windsor pudding\u201d in 1897. It\u2019s a spiced fruit steamed pudding which sounds gorgeous. I\u2019m guessing that this was a reference to the aforementioned soap, which was also advertised as containing spices such as cinnamon. If there was spiced food based on the soap, then maybe \u201cBrown Windsor Soup\u201d should properly also be cinnamonned, gingered and cloved, a bit like Mulligatawny soup? [PAR] Dundee Courier, 22nd December 1897 [PAR] Here\u2019s a 1913 recipe for brown soup. It\u2019s made of beef and vegetables, but made extra brown with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheryl Cole - 3 Words (CHIPMUNK VERSION) - YouTube Cheryl Cole - 3 Words (CHIPMUNK VERSION) - YouTube [PAR] Cheryl Cole - 3 Words (CHIPMUNK VERSION) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 5, 2009 [PAR] 3 Words is the title song from the first solo album by British pop singer Cheryl Cole and features additional vocals from will.i.am from the Black Eyed Peas.[3][4] The song will be released as Cole's second single from the album. 3 Words tells the story of a couple who socialise separately and are both approached by members of the opposite sex. [PAR] The song will be shipped with a new recording titled \"Boys\", the b-side was written by UK soul singer-songwriter Adele. [PAR] he music video premiered on 27 November 2009 on Cole's official website and GMTV. The video was directed by Vincent Haycock. [PAR] It features Cheryl and will.i.am in split screens which morph together and part continuously throughout the video. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Cheryl Cole feat Will.I.Am - 3 Words (2009) / AvaxHome Cheryl Cole feat Will.I.Am - 3 Words (2009) / AvaxHome [PAR] Cheryl Cole feat Will.I.Am - 3 Words (2009) [PAR] MP3 | 320 Kbps VBR | 84 Mb | RAR | RS [PAR] House [PAR] 3 Words is the debut studio album of British pop singer Cheryl Cole, released 23 October 2009 on Fascination Records. It serves as Cole's first solo release following a break from Girls Aloud after seven years and five studio albums. Cole collaborated largely with Black Eyed Peas frontman will.i.am, with notable contributions from American producers Syience and Wayne Wilkins, Danish production team Soulshock & Karlin, Fraser T. Smith and singer-songwriter Taio Cruz, among others. [PAR] Tracklist: [PAR] 01. 3 Words (Steve Angello Extended Re-Prod) [PAR] 02. 3 Words (Doman & Gooding I Love You Remix) [PAR] 03. 3 Words (Geeneus-Rinse FM Main Mix) [PAR] 04. 3 Words (Loft Brothers Remix) [PAR] 05. 3 Words (Doman & Gooding I Love You 2 Remix) [PAR] 06. 3 Words (Doman & Gooding I Love Dub) [PAR] 07. 3 Words (Steve Angello Radio Re-Prod) [PAR] 08. 3 Words (Doman & Gooding I Love You Edit) [PAR] 09. 3 Words (Album Version) [PAR] 10. 3 Words (Radio Edit) [PAR] Download with 5% Recovery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Idioms in Spanish: Expressions and Sayings Using ... Animal Idioms in Spanish: Expressions and Sayings Using Horse (el caballo) [PAR] Learning Spanish: Horsing around with Spanish Idioms [PAR] written by: Curt Smothers \u2022 edited by: Rebecca Scudder \u2022 updated: 1/20/2012 [PAR] Spanish has thousands of colorful idioms and sayings, but only a few that allude directly to \u201cel caballo,\" the horse. The Spanish conquered much of the western hemisphere on the back of this noble animal, but left it to our Anglo culture to come up with many more of our own horse idioms. [PAR] slide 1 of 11 [PAR] Spanish expressions using \u201cel caballo\" [PAR] The Big Red Book of Spanish Idioms shows only a few Spanish expressions and sayings that use the English concept of \u201chorse.\" Here are a few: [PAR] A caballo regalado, no mires el diente. We all know this one: \"Don\u2019t look a gift horse in the mouth.\" [PAR] El caballo malo hay que venderlo lejos. This sage advice, \u201cMake sure you sell a poor quality horse far away from home,\" can be taken literally. We could also take it to mean something like, \u201cIf you need to behave badly, do it away from home. [PAR] Como un caballo en una cacharrer\u00eda. Literally, \u201clike a horse in a china shop,\" this is the Spanish counterpart to the English \u201clike a bull in a china shop.\" The meaning is the same, but the animals are different. [PAR] Dar un gallo para recebir un caballo. This translates \u201cto give a rooster to get a horse.\" The idea of this would be along the lines of baiting a hook with a shrimp in order to catch a large marlin. [PAR] Entrada de caballo y salida de burro. Translating to \u201centering on horseback and leaving on a burro,\" this tongue-in-cheek expression refers to never starting something you cannot finish. [PAR] Meterse entre las patas de los caballos. This means \u201cto put oneself under the horses\u2019 feet,\" which implies getting out of one\u2019s depth. [PAR] A matacaballo. This is a combination adverb and idiom that means \u201cat breakneck speed,\" or fast enough to kill a horse. [PAR] slide 2 of 11 [PAR] English expressions using \u201chorses\" lost in translation [PAR] English has quite a few expressions using the word \u201chorse\" that, when translated to Spanish, come nowhere near our four-legged friend. For example, we horse around and have horseplay. Spanish goes for the more prosaic hacerse el payaso (meaning \"to make oneself a clown\"). Let\u2019s look at some of the most used English expressions using \u201chorse\" and their unusual Spanish counterparts. [PAR] slide 3 of 11 [PAR] To close the barn door after the horse has gotten out. [PAR] Spanish has two popular phrases for this. One is sort of amusing, and the other is somewhat obscure: [PAR] Asno muerto, la cebada al rabo. Literally, \u201cfeeding grain to the tail of a dead donkey,\" this is roughly the same idea as in English. [PAR] A buenas horas, mangas verdes. This obscure version literally translates to \u201cThe green-sleeved police always arrive on time.\" It is a sarcastic allusion to late-arriving rural police in Spanish history who, for fear of rural bandit gangs, seemed to show up long after crimes were committed. [PAR] slide 4 of 11[DOC] [TLE] Horse in Spanish | Translate English to Spanish | Spanish ... Horse in Spanish | Translate English to Spanish | Spanish Central [PAR] a horse of a different color : harina de otro costal [PAR] 3 [PAR] from the horse's mouth [PAR] I heard it straight from the horse's mouthme lo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vegetarian Pasta Sauce Recipe | Taste of Home Vegetarian Pasta Sauce Recipe | Taste of Home [PAR] Vegetarian Pasta Sauce Recipe [PAR] Read Reviews Be the first to add a review [PAR] 4.5 2 2 [PAR] Loaded with fresh vegetables and herbs, this hearty, meatless sauce is a perfect way for gardeners to make delicious use of their harvest. \"You can add some of your favorite red wine to the sauce during the cooking process, if you wish.\" \u2014Jerry Tamburino Sacramento, California [PAR] TOTAL TIME: Prep: 35 min. Cook: 2 hours [PAR] MAKES:14 servings [PAR] TOTAL TIME: Prep: 35 min. Cook: 2 hours [PAR] MAKES: 14 servings [PAR] 1 medium green pepper, chopped [PAR] 1 medium sweet red pepper, chopped [PAR] 2 tablespoons olive oil [PAR] 3 medium yellow summer squash, chopped [PAR] 3 medium tomatoes, chopped [PAR] 1 medium eggplant, peeled and cubed [PAR] 1/2 pound sliced fresh mushrooms [PAR] 2 cans (28 ounces each) Italian crushed tomatoes [PAR] 1 can (6 ounces) tomato paste [PAR] 2 cans (2-1/4 ounces each) sliced ripe olives, drained [PAR] 1/4 cup minced fresh basil [PAR] 3 tablespoons minced fresh oregano [PAR] 2 tablespoons minced fresh rosemary [PAR] 2 teaspoons Italian seasoning [PAR] Add to Shopping List [PAR] Nutritional Facts [PAR] 1 cup: 131 calories, 3g fat (0 saturated fat), 0 cholesterol, 705mg sodium, 23g carbohydrate (12g sugars, 6g fiber), 5g protein. [PAR] Directions [PAR] In a Dutch oven, saute the onions and peppers in oil until tender. Add garlic; cook 1 minute longer. Add the zucchini, summer squash, tomatoes, eggplant and mushrooms; cook and stir for 5 minutes. [PAR] Stir in the remaining ingredients. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat; simmer, uncovered, for 1-1/2 to 2 hours or until sauce is thickened. Yield: 14 servings (3-1/2 quarts). [PAR] Originally published as Vegetarian Pasta Sauce in Taste of Home August/September 2008, p41"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the Former Country of Yugoslavia - Geography History of the Former Country of Yugoslavia [PAR] Share [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] With the fall of the Austria-Hungary empire at the end of World War I, the victors threw together a new country which was composed of more than twenty ethnic groups - Yugoslavia. Just over seventy years later that piecemeal nation disintegrated and war broke out between seven new states. This overview should help clear up some confusion about what's in place of the former Yugoslavia now. [PAR] Marshal Tito was able to keep Yugoslavia unified from the formation of the country from 1945 until his death in 1980. At the end of World War II, Tito ousted the Soviet Union and was then \"excommunicated\" by Josef Stalin. Due to Soviet blockades and sanctions, Yugoslavia began developing trade and diplomatic relationships with western European governments, even though it was a communist country. After the death of Stalin, relations between the USSR and Yugoslavia improved. [PAR] Following Tito's death in 1980, factions in Yugoslavia became agitated and demanded more autonomy. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] It was the fall of the USSR in 1991 that finally broke up the jigsaw puzzle of a state. About 250,000 were killed by wars and \"ethnic cleansing\" in the new countries of the former Yugoslavia. [PAR] Serbia [PAR] Austria blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in 1914 which led to the Austrian invasion of Serbia and World War I. [PAR] Although a rogue state called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was exiled from the United Nations in 1992, Serbia and Montenegro regained recognition on the world stage in 2001 after the arrest of Slobodan Milosevic. In 2003 the country was restructured into a loose federation of two republics called Serbia and Montenegro. [PAR] Montenegro [PAR] Following a referendum, in June 2006, Montenegro and Serbia split to for two separate independent countries. The creation of Montenegro as an independent country resulted in Serbia losing their access to the Adriatic Sea. [PAR] Kosovo [PAR] The former Serbian province of Kosovo lies just south of Serbia. Past confrontations between ethnic Albanians in Kosovo and ethnic Serbs from Serbia drew world attention to the province, which is 80% Albanian. After many years of struggle, Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in February 2008. Unlike Montenegro, not all the countries of the world have accepted the independence of Kosovo, most notably Serbia and Russia. [PAR] Slovenia [PAR] Slovenia , the most homogenous and prosperous region of the Former Yugoslavia, was the first to secede. They have their own language, are mostly Roman Catholic, have compulsory education, and a capital city (Ljubljana) which is a primate city. With a current population of approximately two million, Slovenia avoided violence due to their homogeneity. Slovenia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. [PAR] Macedonia [PAR] Macedonia's claim to fame is their rocky relationship with Greece due to the use of the name Macedonia. While Macedonia was admitted to the United Nations, it was admitted under the name of \"The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\" because Greece is strongly against the use of the ancient Greek region for any external territory. Of the two million people, about two-thirds are Macedonian and about 27% is Albanian. The capital is Skopje and key products include wheat, corn, tobacco, steel, and iron. [PAR] Croatia [PAR] In January 1998, Croatia finally assumed control of their entire territory, some of which had been under the control of Serbs. This also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Sochi given 2014 Winter Olympics BBC SPORT | Sochi given 2014 Winter Olympics [PAR] Sochi given 2014 Winter Olympics [PAR] Many in Sochi partied all night after hearing the announcement [PAR] The Russian resort of Sochi has been chosen to host the 2014 Winter Olympics, beating South Korea's Pyeongchang. [PAR] Sochi secured 51 votes at a meeting of International Olympic Committee (IOC) delegates in Guatemala, beating its South Korean rival by just four votes. [PAR] In earlier voting, the third contender, Salzburg in Austria, was eliminated. [PAR] The presidents of all three candidate countries had attended the meeting to plead their countries' cases. [PAR] Russian joy at the announcement [PAR] Russian President Vladimir Putin was credited with helping Sochi's bid, after he addressed delegates in three languages - English, Spanish and French. [PAR] It is believed to be the first time the Russian leader has been heard speaking English at a public ceremony. [PAR] For Salzburg and Pyeongchang, this was their second consecutive defeat. Both had lost out in the bidding for the 2010 Winter Games, which will be held in the Canadian city of Vancouver. [PAR] The 20th Winter Games took place in Turin in Italy in 2006. [PAR] Joy and disappointment [PAR] The announcement prompted celebrations in Sochi, where fireworks were let off above jubilant crowds in the central square. [PAR] In pictures: Joy and agony [PAR] Many people partied through the night after the news broke at 0300 local time (2300 GMT). [PAR] \"We needed this victory,\" Pavel Ostrovsky told Reuters news agency. \"For the whole country, this is a great resurgence.\" [PAR] In Pyeongchang meanwhile, a giant television screen near the city hall relayed the announcement to a dejected crowd, many of whom wept openly. [PAR] \"It's worse than four years ago, because this time we really thought we would win,\" restaurant owner Son Chang-min told the Associated Press news agency, referring to an earlier unsuccessful bid for the winter Olympics. [PAR] The mood in the Austrian city of Salzburg was similarly despondent. [PAR] A small crowd gathered in a city park and jeered as the result was announced. [PAR] \"It's so disappointing... Hope dies last,\" Peter Rittinger, a student, told the AP news agency. [PAR] 'Spectacular show' [PAR] Russia's President Vladimir Putin, a keen skier, said that in Sochi 70% of athletes would live within five minutes' walk of the venues, so there would be no traffic problems. [PAR] Salzburg residents did not hide their disappointment [PAR] The Black Sea resort has a unique combination of spring-like weather and cold temperatures in the nearby Krasnaya Polyana mountains, which President Putin said would guarantee snow. [PAR] \"Winter sports are popular in Russia and our sportsmen have won many competitions and have made a big contribution to the Olympic movement,\" he said. [PAR] \"But we have never won the honour to celebrate the Winter Olympic Games. [PAR] \"You know we can turn sports competitions into a really spectacular show and we are good at it.\" [PAR] Rome is set to apply to host the 2020 Summer Olympics instead of bidding for the 2016 Games. [PAR] \"Our view is that it is highly unlikely that there will be three European Olympic Games in succession,\" Rome mayor Walter Veltroni said. [PAR] Rome, which hosted the 1960 Olympics, lost out to Athens for the 2004 Games. [PAR] Bookmark with:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology - britannica.com Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology | museum, Oxford, England, United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology [PAR] museum, Oxford, England, United Kingdom [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Metropolitan Museum of Art [PAR] Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, one of the four museums of the University of Oxford and the oldest public museum of art , archaeology , and natural history in Great Britain. It was established to house collections donated to the university in 1677 by Elias Ashmole (1617\u201392), an antiquarian who had inherited the bulk of the collections from a friend, John Tradescant (1608\u201362). The museum was opened to the public in 1683 in a building designed by Thomas Wood. Initially the collection was primarily concerned with natural history, and it remained the centre of scientific studies at Oxford for 150 years. In the 19th century, the growth and variety of new acquisitions resulted in the dispersal and rehousing of the collections, with the Ashmolean Museum retaining the archaeological and art collections. The museum has especially rich collections of ancient Egyptian art and Italian Renaissance drawings. [PAR] The present Ashmolean Museum building was designed in the Neoclassical style by C.R. Cockerell and erected between 1841 and 1845. It houses the collection of art and archaeology, while the old Thomas Wood building has become the Museum of the History of Science . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in Western architecture: Great Britain [PAR] ...restricting. He felt that he belonged to a continuing Classical tradition that linked ancient Greek architect Ictinus with Baroque architect Francesco Borromini. In his masterpiece, the Ashmolean Museum and Taylor Institution, Oxford (1841\u201344), he produced a type of Grecian mannerism in which elements from Greek, Roman, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture were united in a... [PAR] The Ashmolean [PAR] ...was from Elias Ashmole; containing much of the Tradescant collection, it was made on the condition that a place be built to receive it. The resulting building, which eventually became known as the Ashmolean Museum, opened in 1683. (The Ashmolean later moved to another new building nearby, and its original building is now occupied by the Museum of the History of Science.) [PAR] From mouseion to museum [PAR] ...the property of Elias Ashmole, was transferred to the University of Oxford. A building was constructed to receive it, and this, soon after being opened to the public in 1683, became known as the Ashmolean Museum. Although there is some ambivalence in the use of museum in the legislation, drafted in 1753, founding the British Museum, nevertheless the idea of an institution called a... [PAR] More about Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology [PAR] 4 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] Tradescant collection (in John Tradescant ) [PAR] External Links [PAR] The Official Site of the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology Attached to the University of Oxford. Antiquities collections range from Palaeolithic to Victorian, from Egypt to Britain. Exhibitions, publications, news. [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology [PAR] Museum, Oxford, England, United Kingdom [PAR] Tips for Editing [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kubla Khan | Academy of American Poets Kubla Khan - Poems | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox [PAR] sign up [PAR] read this poet's poems [PAR] Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a leader of the British Romantic movement, was born on October 21, 1772, in Devonshire, England. His father, a vicar of a parish and master of a grammar school, married twice and had fourteen children. The youngest child in the family, Coleridge was a student at his father's school and an avid reader. After his father died in 1781, Coleridge attended Christ's Hospital School in London, where he met lifelong friend Charles Lamb. While in London, he also befriended a classmate named Tom Evans, who introduced Coleridge to his family. Coleridge fell in love with Tom's older sister, Mary. [PAR] Coleridge's father had always wanted his son to be a clergyman, so when Coleridge entered Jesus College, University of Cambridge in 1791, he focused on a future in the Church of England. Coleridge's views, however, began to change over the course of his first year at Cambridge. He became a supporter of William Frend, a Fellow at the college whose Unitarian beliefs made him a controversial figure. While at Cambridge, Coleridge also accumulated a large debt, which his brothers eventually had to pay off. Financial problems continued to plague him throughout his life, and he constantly depended on the support of others. [PAR] En route to Wales in June 1794, Coleridge met a student named Robert Southey. Striking an instant friendship, Coleridge postponed his trip for several weeks, and the men shared their philosophical ideas. Influenced by Plato's Republic, they constructed a vision of pantisocracy (equal government by all), which involved emigrating to the New World with ten other families to set up a commune on the banks of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania. Coleridge and Southey envisioned the men sharing the workload, a great library, philosophical discussions, and freedom of religious and political beliefs. [PAR] After finally visiting Wales, Coleridge returned to England to find that Southey had become engaged to a woman named Edith Fricker. As marriage was an integral part of the plan for communal living in the New World, Coleridge decided to marry another Fricker daughter, Sarah. Coleridge wed in 1795, in spite of the fact that he still loved Mary Evans, who was engaged to another man. Coleridge's marriage was unhappy and he spent much of it apart from his wife. During that period, Coleridge and Southey collaborated on a play titled The Fall of Robespierre (1795). While the pantisocracy was still in the planning stages, Southey abandoned the project to pursue his legacy in law. Left without an alternative plan, Coleridge spent the next few years beginning his career as a writer. He never returned to Cambridge to finish his degree. [PAR] In 1795 Coleridge befriended William Wordsworth , who greatly influenced Coleridge's verse. Coleridge, whose early work was celebratory and conventional, began writing in a more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Peter - TV.com Blue Peter - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Blue Peter is the longest running British childrens television show, celebrating it's fiftieth birthday in October 2008. The show airs as part of the CBBC strand of programming on BBC One on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at 4.35pm. It is currently in it's 52nd series. The show began on October 16th 1958, and since then has gone through a cycle of 31 presenters, with Andy Akinwolere, Helen Skelton and Joel Defries currently presenting. The name Blue Peter comes from the blue and white flag which hoists a ship in port when it's getting ready to sail. The logo for the show is a blue and white boat designed by Tony Hart. Blue Peter badges are worn by presenters and different variations of the badge are awarded to both viewers and celebrity guests. The theme tune to the show is a take on the sea shanty Barnacle Bill and was originally composed by Ashworth Hope and has since been re-recorded ten times, the current version is orchestrated by Murray Gold. Throughout it's first series it ran for 15 minutes on Monday nights. From the 1960s until 1995, the show ran twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays, at 4.35pm until the mid 1970s, when it moved to 5.10pm. Throughout 1995 until 2001, three shows aired, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, in 2002 the show moved to 5pm and in 2007 remaining in the same time slot, shows aired on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. From September 2007, the show began airing twice a week and from February 2008 moved to it's current slot Tuesdays and Wednesdays at 4.35pm. The show has many features and traditions that it carry's from series to series. The show always features 'Blue Peter Pets', Petra the dog been the first. Their's been five dogs, seven cats, four tortoises and a parrot that have all appeared, before the current line up of two dogs - Mabel & Lucy, two cats - Socks & Cookie and a tortoise, Shelley. Another regular feature on the show is the 'Blue Peter Garden', based in the BBC Television Centre were Blue Peter is filmed, alot of features are based in the garden, so their's need for a regular Blue Peter gardener, Percy Thrower (who also originally designed the garden), Chris Crowder and Clare Bradley have all had the job, before Chris Collins took it on. The show has also made an appeal every year since the show began, these range from bring and buy sales been organised and endorsed by Blue Peter or to the more recent, Mission Nutrition campaign, helping kids eat better here and abroad.moreless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leslie Thomas obituary | Books | The Guardian Leslie Thomas obituary | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Leslie Thomas obituary [PAR] Outgoing author best known for The Virgin Soldiers, a comic novel about national service [PAR] Leslie Thomas in his garden in Salisbury, Wiltshire. Photograph: Chris Barham/Daily Mail/Rex [PAR] Wednesday 7 May 2014 12.50 EDT [PAR] First published on Wednesday 7 May 2014 12.50 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Only a few good writers are also good talkers. The novelist and journalist Leslie Thomas, who has died aged 83, was one of them: he could extract on the printed page, on radio and television or in a face-to-face interview good-natured humour from almost anything that life threw at him \u2013 including his own bleak orphaned childhood in a Barnardo's home or his national service in Malaya at a time when terrorists attempted to murder as many British troops as possible. [PAR] It was his \"peacetime\" national service \u2013 whose humorous possibilities he saw ahead of anyone else \u2013 that gave him the idea and material for the novel that made his name and a fortune, The Virgin Soldiers, which was published in 1966 and filmed in 1969 with John Dexter directing. It showed a group of raw young conscripts desperate to get laid while all around them enemies lurked. Thomas had been in that position himself and the bar-girl character Juicy Lucy was based on a Malayan girl who had provided his sexual initiation. She also lost him his lance-corporal's stripe when she threw his trousers out of a window. [PAR] The timing of the release of the novel in the swinging 60s was perfect, and so was its attitude. It was bawdy, but drew vivid pictures of the bar girls relentlessly in pursuit of money and adept at changing names to whatever film star was popular that week; the conscripts wetting themselves in moments of crisis and discharging their guns in the wrong direction; the often rather limited NCOs doing their best with raw recruits. Its irreverence about military life exactly suited the needs of the era. [PAR] Stand Up Virgin Soldiers, 1975 [PAR] That Thomas was able to divine the funny side of almost any situation made for his survival personally and as a writer. His father was a \"wandering Welsh sailor\" whose home was in Newport, Gwent \u2013 a stoker in merchant ships who became domestically violent aftger getting drunk, which was often. When he was on the dole, his wife went with him to collect his money so that he could not spend it on drink before he reached home. When he once came home excessively drunk even by his standards, his wife threw a chamber pot at him. He didn't show himself again for two years: the pot was full. [PAR] During the war, Leslie would pray, \"Make dad's ship sink.\" His father was subsequently killed when a torpedo hit his vessel; his mother took to her bed with cancer and died shortly afterwards. Leslie and his brothers were sent to various Barnardo's homes, at one of which the superintendent told the boys that their brains would be turned to milk because of all the filthy things they did at night. \"He had some kindness, but it was well-buried,\" Thomas wrote later, when reporting it all with vivid and usually restrained humour. [PAR] To avoid getting beaten up by the bigger boys, Thomas invented stories \u2013 and did it so much better than anyone else that his services were constantly called upon. After a visit to Norwich he won a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is Odette? - BalletHub Who is Odette? - BalletHub [PAR] Who is Odette? [PAR] March 06th, 2016 [PAR] Question: Who is Odette? [PAR] Odette, danced by Viktoria Tereshkina, makes her first entrance in Swan Lake. Photo by Dave Morgan [PAR] Odette is a leading female character in the ballet Swan Lake. The character is opposite to another female character, Odile, typically danced by the same ballerina in a single performance. [PAR] Odette is the Swan Queen who was once a beautiful princess. She had a spell cast on her by the evil sorcerer, Von Rothbart, which turned her into a swan, only ever returning to her human form at night when the moon is high above. She is bound to a nearby lake in the scenes of the ballet, along with many other women-turned-swans under the same spell. [PAR] The only way for the evil spell placed on Odette to be broken is for her to find eternal love. This begins to happen shortly after her first appearance in the second act. The prince first sees her as a swan but then sees her transform into her human form and soon falls in love. Odette and the prince\u2019s meeting is cut short as Von Rothbart appears. The prince is later tricked at his birthday celebration that night, thinking that Von Rothbart\u2019s daughter, Odile, is actually Odette. He swears his love for Odile and asks her hand in marriage (as a heart-broken Odette watches through the castle window) but soon realizes he was tricked. The prince runs to the lake to beg for forgiveness and re-pledge his love for Odette who then forgives him. [PAR] Different versions of Swan Lake have different fates for Odette. Some where she and the prince defeat the evil sorcerer, the spell is broken and true love prevails, and others where she is doomed to be a swan forever and decides to tragically kill herself, among others. [PAR] Irina Dvorovenko as Odette in Swan Lake. Photo by Gene Schiavone [PAR] The role of Odette is a principal or leading role and requires exceptional ability in adagio work and, equally important, emotional acting, along with the ability to carry a show. A ballerina is often put to the task of performing both Odette and the opposite-in-style and personality Odile. This showcases her ability to be as equally sharp as a devious character performing Odile as she is soft and delicate as the Swan Queen Odette, both requiring exceptional strength and polished technique. If a ballerina can not do both, they often do not perform either or must share the roles with another ballerina.[DOC] [TLE] Odette (Character) - IMDb Odette (Character) [PAR] Odette (Character) [PAR] from Schwanensee (1966) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] There may be more photos available for this character. To select more photos to be displayed in this character's gallery, click the Edit Photos link. [PAR] Overview [PAR] This character biography is empty. Please add a character biography by clicking here. [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Adult Princess Odette / Ode / Odette in 'Swan Lake' / Prima Ballerina / Prima Ballerina Sinelnikova / Princess Odetta / Princess Odette / Singing Princess Odette / The Swan Queen / The swan queen / Young Princess Odette [PAR] Filmography [PAR] ... aka \"Le Lac des cygnes\" - France (original title) [PAR] ... aka \"Tchaikovsky: Swan Lake\" - International (English title) (DVD title) [PAR] ... aka \"Disneyland\" - USA (original title) [PAR] ... aka \"Disney's Wonderful World\" - USA (new"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] italian rice - types of rice \u2013 arborio rice ... italian rice - types of rice \u2013 arborio rice - greatitalianfoodtrade [PAR] View [PAR] Italian Rice, arborio and beyond [PAR] Italian rice has a long, deep-rooted history in the country, and is one of the fundamental Italian staple foods. Particularly in the northwest in the Italian regions of Piemonte and Lombardia, types of rice often push pasta to the back of the menu for i primi. This area alone accounts for 80% of the Italian rice harvest, though other important cultivation areas are found in Veneto and Sardinia. [PAR] Italian rice is the most predominantly consumed throughout Europe, with Italy as the EU's top producer. Two out of every three grains eaten on the continent are directly traceable to Italian production. There are 126 types of rice entered into the Italian national register, which makes it the ultimate in variation. It is also a symbol of quality and wholesomeness. [PAR] Italian rice types can be broken down into four categories. Riso comune includes varietals Balilla, Cripta and Rubino. Semifino is slightly longer and is distinguished by varieties like Lido, Titanio and Vialone nano. Fino is more tapered including Ribe, Veneria and S. Andrea. Superfino is much larger and rounder marked by the fame of Arborio, Baldo and Roma. [PAR] Cooking times and recipes depend almost exclusively on size. Due to its unique health and nutrition attributes, it is an indispensable part of the Italian diet. [PAR] GIFT - Great Italian Food Trade - WIISE Srl - [PAR] Lungotevere di Pietra Papa 111/D15, Roma - 00146 p.Iva 12082111001 capitale sociale \u20ac 50.000 i.v."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Triple Alliance and Triple Entente in Europe on the Eve of ... Triple Alliance and Triple Entente in Europe on the Eve of World War I - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] Triple Alliance and Triple Entente in Europe on the Eve of World War I [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: Causes of World War I: Factors That Led to War [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:01 A Tense Situation [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. [PAR] Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. [PAR] Personalize: [PAR] Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. [PAR] Organize: [PAR] Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. [PAR] Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. [PAR] Teacher Edition: [PAR] Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the \"Teacher\" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your \"Teacher\" tab. [PAR] Premium Edition: [PAR] You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. [PAR] Create an account to start this course today [PAR] Try it free for 5 days! [PAR] Lesson Transcript [PAR] Instructor: Amy Troolin [PAR] Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. [PAR] In this lesson, we will take a close look at the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente that were in effect on the eve of World War I. We will examine the rise of the alliances and learn about the countries that created them. [PAR] A Tense Situation [PAR] In the early 20th century, Europe was home to a tangled network of alliances that pitted nation against nation. Tensions grew rapidly as countries snapped up any territory they could get their hands on, built massive armies and navies, identified their enemies, and prepared for the huge war that was looking more likely every day. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Women and the vote - UK Parliament Women and the vote - UK Parliament [PAR] Women and the vote [PAR] Birmingham Case Study [PAR] Women and the vote [PAR] Before 1918 no women were allowed to vote in parliamentary elections. In the early 20th century there were two main groups active in the campaign for women's suffrage, a term used to describe the right to vote. [PAR] These two groups were the 'suffragists' who campaigned using peaceful methods such as lobbying, and the 'suffragettes' who were determined to win the right to vote for women by any means. Their militant campaigning sometimes included unlawful and violent acts which attracted much publicity. [PAR] Dr Sarah Richardson discusses the 1896 women's suffrage petition and the Special Appeal to Parliament that was signed by over 257,000 people.[DOC] [TLE] Elections Canada Online | A History of the Vote in Canada Elections Canada Online | A History of the Vote in Canada [PAR] A History of the Vote in Canada [PAR] A History of the Vote in Canada [PAR] Chapter 2 [PAR] From a Privilege to a Right [PAR] 1867\u20131919 [PAR] At Confederation, the British North America Act stated that control of the federal franchise would remain a provincial matter until Parliament decided otherwise. [PAR] The provinces were still developing more or less independently, each with its own character rooted in its traditions, demography and geography. Inevitably, these differences were reflected in the provincial electoral laws that were to determine who could vote in federal elections for the first two decades of Confederation. [PAR] A Federal or a Provincial Matter [PAR] It was 1885 before Parliament took action. The Conservatives under Sir John A. Macdonald had been unable to reach consensus on a single set of voting eligibility criteria, while the Liberals, who supported a decentralized federation, wanted eligibility to remain under provincial control. [PAR] In 1885, however, Macdonald's government finally succeeded in having a law passed that gave Parliament control of the right to vote. The provinces regained control 13 years later, however, under a Liberal government led by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. As a result, in 10 of the 13 federal general elections held between 1867 and 1920, the electorate varied from province to province, with eligibility determined by provincial law. [PAR] The original colonies continued to adopt or adjust their electoral laws to meet their needs and circumstances. In addition, not long after Confederation, Canada experienced a huge territorial expansion that produced new provinces and territories, each of which adopted its own electoral legislation, adding further to interjurisdictional diversity in the electorate. Citizens of British Columbia and Manitoba took part in their first federal general election in 1872, Prince Edward Island in 1874, the Northwest Territories in 1887, Yukon in 1904, and Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1908. [PAR] After the Elections [PAR] Appearing first in the Canadian Illustrated News after the Quebec election of May 1, 1878, this cartoon by Andr\u00e9 Leroux of Montr\u00e9al was adapted for the cover of the News after Sir John A. Macdonald's Liberal-Conservatives defeated Alexander Mackenzie's government later that year. [PAR] Other factors, both regional and national, affected evolution of the right to vote during this period. These included demographic change, largely the result of massive immigration; urbanization and industrialization, and the accompanying enfranchisement of workers; and the emergence of a number of groups promoting women's suffrage. First Nations people were still effectively denied access to the franchise either directly or indirectly at the regional and national levels. [PAR] Yukon's First Wholly Elected Council, 1908 [PAR] Voters elected two members for each of the territory's five"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Saxony | historical region, duchy, and kingdom, Europe ... Saxony | historical region, duchy, and kingdom, Europe | Britannica.com [PAR] historical region, duchy, and kingdom, Europe [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Ascanian Dynasties [PAR] Saxony, German Sachsen, French Saxe, any of several major territories in German history. It has been applied: (1) before ad 1180, to an extensive far-north German region including Holstein but lying mainly west and southwest of the estuary and lower course of the Elbe River ; (2) between 1180 and 1423, to two much smaller and widely separated areas, one on the right (east) bank of the lower Elbe southeast of Holstein , the other on the middle Elbe; and (3) between 1423 and 1952, to a large central German region with its principal axis even farther up the Elbe and including, in the widest sense, all the country from Thuringia to Lusatia, bordering Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic ). [PAR] Before 1180 the name Saxony was applied to the territory conquered between about ad 200 and 700 by the Germanic Saxon tribe. This territory included Holstein and the area west of the lower Elbe River, in what is now the German Land (state) of Lower Saxony . From there the Saxons expanded westward by sea to Britain in the 5th century. In the late 8th century the Saxons were conquered and Christianized by the Frankish ruler Charlemagne . In 843 Saxony became part of the East Frankish, or German, kingdom. [PAR] By the early 10th century Saxony had emerged as a hereditary duchy under the Liudolfing dynasty , and in 919 Duke Henry of Saxony was elected German king. He founded the Saxon, or Ottonian, dynasty, which held the German crown until 1024. (See Saxon dynasty .) Under the Ottonians, the Germans advanced eastward into Slavic territory. [PAR] In 961 the Saxon ducal title was transferred to the Billung family, which held it until 1106. The duchy thereafter passed to Henry III the Lion of the house of Welf in 1142. When Henry the Lion was outlawed by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1180, the duchy was broken up, and only two small and widely separated territories retained the Saxon name: Saxe-Lauenburg, southeast of Holstein, and Saxe-Wittenberg, along the middle Elbe (now north of Leipzig). Both territories were united under the Ascanian family until 1260, when two separate Ascanian dynasties emerged. From the mid-13th century, the duke of Saxony was recognized as an imperial elector (a prince with the right to participate in choosing the Holy Roman emperor); a dispute over this right between the two branches was settled in favour of the Wittenberg branch in 1356. The Lauenburg line survived until 1689, after which its lands were absorbed by Hanover. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Schaumburg-Lippe [PAR] When the Wittenberg line became extinct in 1422, the duchy and electorate of Saxony was bestowed on Frederick I the Warlike, margrave of Meissen and a member of the house of Wettin, and the name Saxony was then applied to all the Wettin possessions, including Osterland (the area around Leipzig) and large portions of Lusatia and Thuringia. Following Frederick\u2019s death (1428) the Wettins disputed the division of the inheritance; in 1485 Albert and Ernest, the sons of Frederick II (d. 1464), by the Treaty of Leipzig, arranged what came to be a permanent division between the Albertine (eastern) and Ernestine (western) Saxon lands. Albert\u2019s lands comprised the margravate of Meissen (with Dresden as his capital) and northern Thuringia. (For information about the western lands, see Saxon duchies .) [PAR] In the 16th century"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scissor hold - definition of scissor hold by The Free ... Scissor hold - definition of scissor hold by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Scissor hold - definition of scissor hold by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scissor+hold [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] scissor hold - a wrestling hold in which you wrap your legs around the opponents body or head and put your feet together and squeeze [PAR] scissor grip , scissors grip , scissors hold , scissors [PAR] wrestling hold - a hold used in the sport of wrestling [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] Scissors - definition of scissors by The Free Dictionary Scissors - definition of scissors by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Scissors - definition of scissors by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scissors [PAR] tr.v. scis\u00b7sored, scis\u00b7sor\u00b7ing, scis\u00b7sors [PAR] To cut or clip with scissors or shears. [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. scissors(used with a sing. or pl. verb) A cutting implement consisting of two blades joined by a swivel pin that allows the cutting edges to be opened and closed. [PAR] 2. scissors(used with a sing. verb) Sports [PAR] a. Any of various gymnastic exercises or jumps in which the movement of the legs suggests the opening and closing of scissors. [PAR] b. A scissors hold. [PAR] [From alteration (influenced by Latin scissor, cutter) of Middle English sisours, scissors, from Old French cisoires, from Vulgar Latin *c\u012bs\u014dria, from Late Latin, pl. of c\u012bs\u014drium, cutting instrument, from Latin caesus, -c\u012bsus, past participle of caedere, to cut; see ka\u0259-id- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] scissors [PAR] (\u02c8s\u026az\u0259z) [PAR] pl n [PAR] 1. Also called: pair of scissors a cutting instrument used for cloth, hair, etc, having two crossed pivoted blades that cut by a shearing action, with ring-shaped handles at one end [PAR] 2. (Wrestling) a wrestling hold in which a wrestler wraps his legs round his opponent's body or head, locks his feet together, and squeezes [PAR] 3. (Gymnastics) any gymnastic or athletic feat in which the legs cross and uncross in a scissor-like movement [PAR] 4. (Athletics (Track & Field)) athletics a technique in high-jumping, now little used, in which the legs perform a scissor-like movement in clearing the bar [PAR] [C14 sisoures, from Old French cisoires, from Vulgar Latin c\u012bs\u014dria (unattested), ultimately from Latin caedere to cut; see chisel] [PAR] \u02c8scissor-\u02cclike adj [PAR] (\u02c8s\u026az \u0259rz) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) a cutting instrument for paper, cloth, etc., consisting of two blades, each having a ring-shaped handle, that are so pivoted together that their sharp edges work one against the other (often used with pair of). [PAR] 2. (used with a sing. v.) [PAR] a. any of several gymnastic feats in which the legs execute a scissorlike motion. [PAR] b. a wrestling hold secured by clasping the legs around the body or head of the opponent. [PAR] [1350\u20131400; Middle English cisoures, sisoures < Middle French cisoires < Vulgar Latin *c\u012bs\u014dria, pl. of Late Latin c\u012bs\u014drium cutting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George and Mildred - Three's Company Wiki - Wikia George & Mildred | Three's Company Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Brian Murphy [PAR] Yootha Joyce Distribution and Broadcast Information Distributed by: Fremantle Media First aired: September 6, 1976 Last aired: December 26, 1979 Seasons: 5 series No. of episodes: 38 episodes aired Country: United Kingdom TV Network: ITV Network [PAR] George & Mildred is a British sitcom produced by Thames Television that aired from 1976 to 1979. The series, which was a spinoff from Man About The House , itself, inspired an American verision, The Ropers , which was a spinoff of Three's Company , which was itself inspired by Man About The House. The series starred Brian Murphy and Yootha Joyce as an ill-matched married couple, George and Mildred Roper, which would inspire the Stanley and Helen Roper characters in the US series. The premise of the series had George and Mildred leaving their flat as depicted in Man About the House and moving to a modern, upmarket housing estate, much like the US series counterparts. Their arrival horrifies their snobbish neighbour Jeffrey Fourmile, an estate agent who despairs that the Ropers' presence will devalue his home. [PAR] It was written by Brian Cooke and Johnnie Mortimer . Like many sitcoms of the day, George and Mildred was also turned into a film , which was dedicated to actress Yootha Joyce who died suddenly in 1980, just as the cast had been looking forward to recording a sixth series. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] George and Mildred Roper have left their old house after receiving a compulsory purchase order from the Council and move to 46 Peacock Crescent in Hampton Wick. While Mildred enjoys the chance to better herself in her new surroundings, she is always being thwarted - usually by the lazy, and generally unemployed George, who has no interest in climbing the social ladder, and also continues to show a lack of interest in sexual relations with Mildred. [PAR] George and Mildred's next-door neighbours are Jeffrey Fourmile, a snobbish estate agent, and his wife Ann. They have a young son called Tristram, who gets on well with Mildred and George, and in series 3 a second child called Tarquin is born. The Conservative Party supporting Jeffrey is greatly irritated by socialist George, who frequently annoys him. [PAR] Mildred's snobbish sister Ethel and her wealthy husband Humphrey occasionally visit, as does Mildred's mother. Mildred often makes subtle and unsubtle digs at Ethel's age, or social status and pretensions, when Ethel visits. George's friend Jerry, a jack-of-all-trades, also visits, much to Mildred's annoyance. Jerry is fond of referring to Mildred as \"Mildew\". [PAR] In the first series, George buys Mildred a Yorkshire Terrier called Truffles (played by dog actor Pussy Galore) after the Ropers are unable to adopt a child. [PAR] Episodes [PAR] \"Family Planning\" [PAR] 8 November 1976 [PAR] Ethel arrives in her \"new bottle green automatic Jaguar XJ6\", to have a chat with Mildred about their mother. She's getting on - too old to be left on her own. [PAR] George does not see the problem; \"She's got her own home in Dagenham; if it's good enough for the Girl Pipers it's good enough for her.\". And Ethel and Humphrey want their spare room for, \"a billiard room and sauna bath.\". A family conference is called to decide the issue of who should look after her. And Tristram gets a black eye from a girl at school - so Jeffrey teaches him boxing. [PAR] [ edit ]Series Two (1977) [PAR] Edit [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capricorn Zodiac Sign Symbol: Its Meaning and Origin Capricorn Zodiac Sign Symbol: Its Meaning and Origin [PAR] Get a free online I Ching reading. The 64 hexagrams of the ancient Chinese I Ching, The Book of Change, and what they mean in divination. [PAR] Books by Stefan Stenudd: [PAR] Tarot Unfolded [PAR] The imaginative reading of the Tarot divination cards focuses on what impressions the images and their symbols give. Several spreads are presented, as well as the meanings of all the 78 cards and their pictures. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] Life Energy Encyclopedia [PAR] Qi (chi), prana, pneuma, spiritus, and all the other life force concepts around the world explained and compared. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] Cosmos of the Ancients [PAR] All the philosophers of Ancient Greece and what they thought about cosmology, myth, religion and the gods. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] Sunday Brunch with the World Maker [PAR] Fiction. A brunch conversation slips into the mysterious, soon to burst beyond the realm of possibility. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. [PAR] The Capricorn Symbol [PAR] Its Origin and Meaning in Astrology [PAR] The above image is the established symbol (also called glyph) for the Zodiac sign Capricorn, the Goat. It's a simplified drawing of a sea-goat, the mythological animal - half goat, half fish - originally associated with the sign. The horned head is implied to the left, and the curved fish tail to the right. Both the Zodiac sign and its symbol have been along for ages. [PAR] The Zodiac division of the ecliptic into twelve parts, each assigned a Zodiac sign, is probably of Babylonian (Mesopotamia) origin. They were very early with astrology, mapping the sky and noting planetary movements thousands of years ago. [PAR] The Zodiac, very much like the one we know today, might have emerged in Mesopotamia around 1000 BC. But Babylonian astrology is probably far older than that. [PAR] A Goat-Fish [PAR] Already the Babylonians connected this Zodiac sign and the constellation with the mythological animal, sort of a mermaid goat. They called it the Goat-Fish. The reason for this is hidden in history. It's not likely to have anything to do with the constellation in the sky, which doesn't suggest such a creature even in the wildest imagination. [PAR] The constellation is usually called Capricornus, in proper Latin. It means \"goat horn\" or \"horned goat,\" not necessarily a sea-goat. No matter how the stars in the constellation are connected with lines, it's hard to see the goat. [PAR] Several of the Zodiac constellations are equally vague in depicting their Zodiac sign. Here's the constellation Capricornus: [PAR] One might regard it as the very simplified shape of a body of some kind, why not a goat, and maybe the stars at the right on the picture could indicate horns. But really, without the image of the sea-goat added, we would never have guessed it. [PAR] Below is an antique illustration of the same constellation, where the figure of a sea-goat has been added. It's from a 17th century book: Firmamentum sobiescianum, by Johannes Hevelius, 1690. [PAR] Capricorn in Ink [PAR] Below is an ink version of the symbol for Capricorn, which I did a number of years back in an experiment of using Japanese ink calligraphy (shodo) for old European astrology symbols. I've used these pictures on my astrology websites, mainly for fun and for the odd graphic effect, and I've seen them copied all over the Internet. I'm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Make Traditional Austrian Wiener Schnitzel How to Make Traditional Austrian Wiener Schnitzel [PAR] How to Make Traditional Austrian Wiener Schnitzel [PAR] Wiener schnitzel is a traditional Austrian dish that shouldn't be hard for you to make if you follow these instructions. This About.com German food video will offer the recipe for great wiener schnitzel. Show transcript Hide transcript [PAR] Transcript: How to Make Traditional Austrian Wiener Schnitzel [PAR] Hi, I'm Dieter M. Weber of Chefdieter.com, as well as the Heidelberg Restaurant, for About.com. Today we're going to make traditional wienerschnitzel. [PAR] Wiener Schnitzel Ingredients [PAR] To make this dish, you'll need: [PAR] 4-6 veal cutlets (pounded) [PAR] 1 c. unseasoned bread crumbs [PAR] 4 eggs [PAR] salt and pepper, to taste [PAR] 2 lemons (wedged) for garnish [PAR] For frying: [PAR] 1/2 stick butter [PAR] Making Egg Wash [PAR] One of the most important steps to make this dish is preparing the egg wash. The egg wash allows the breadcrumbs to adhere to the cutlet, and it also seasons the meat. First, crack your eggs on a flat surface. This keeps those annoying bits of shell from getting into your egg wash. Now season with a little salt and pepper. Add milk to thin out the wash. I personally prefer whole, or 2% milk. Now mix. Once everything is incorporated and bubbly, we're ready to dredge the cutlets. [PAR] Dredging the Cutlets for Wiener Schnitzel [PAR] Start off in the flour. Give it a light dusting. Shake off any excess. Then dip the cutlet into the egg wash. Now I use what's called the wet hand, dry hand technique. With your left hand, if you're right-handed (or right hand if you're left-handed), dip the meat into the wash and put the cutlet into the breadcrumbs. Now with your opposite hand, pat down the meat in the breadcrumbs. And we're done with dredging. This way one hand stays dry, and you do not have to constantly wipe your hands as you dredge. [PAR] Frying the Wiener Schnitzel [PAR] Heat pan with medium high heat. The best way to check if the pan is hot is to put your hand above it. You're good to go when you start feeling the heat coming off from the pan. Now add oil. Then add butter. Add the meat once the butter starts to foam. As you see the schnitzel start browning around the sides, give it a quarter turn. One of my tricks for a beautiful schnitzel is, as you're letting it pan fry, baste the top with the butter and oil mixture. This makes the crust puff up and you get a nice even coat. [PAR] When you see that the edges are crispy brown and you get that nice sizzle in the pan, then it's time to filp. Cook for about a minute on the other side. Once that fast sizzle starts, your schnitzel is pretty much done. Turn off the heat, remove from the oil. Place the schnitzel on a paper towel on a plate, and allow it to drain for about 30 seconds. Then serve garnished with a lemon wedge. We're done! [PAR] So here we have wonderful wienerschnitzel. Guten appetit. Thanks for watching. To learn more, please visit About.com. [PAR] About videos are made available on an \"as is\" basis, subject to the Terms of Use .[DOC] [TLE] How to Make Classic Wiener Schnitzel How to Make Classic Wiener Schnitzel [PAR] | 23 Comments [PAR] Photo by Holly A. Heyser [PAR] Wiener schnitzel is deceptively simple, but like most such dishes, there is a secret"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] this 1995 Dustin Hoffman film - amazon.com Amazon.com: Outbreak: Dustin Hoffman, Rene Russo, Morgan Freeman, Donald Sutherland: Amazon Digital Services LLC [PAR] By Themis-Athena on March 13, 2004 [PAR] Format: DVD Verified Purchase [PAR] \"In war, truth is the first casualty.\" - Aeschylus. [PAR] In 1989, a secret U.S. Army SWAT team was called in after an Ebola outbreak among monkeys in a Reston, VA lab; a mere ten miles from Washington, D.C. They eventually determined that this particular strain wasn't contagious for humans - others, however, are; capable of producing a 90% mortality rate within a matter of days. The incident produced Richard Preston's bestselling book \"The Hot Zone,\" on which this movie is loosely based (another project involving Robert Redford and Jodie Foster eventually folded). [PAR] Like the Reston Ebola strain, the (fictitious) Motaba virus at the center of Wolfgang Petersen's \"Outbreak\" is brought to the U.S. by an infected monkey, caught near a village in the Zairean (now: Congolese) Motaba Valley. Unlike the Reston Ebola it is contagious for humans, with a 100% mortality rate within a single day. And unlike any known Ebola strain it is airborne, i.e. not only transmitted by direct human-to-human contact. [PAR] Officially nobody has any prior knowledge of the virus at the time of its apparent first hit. In fact, once they've overcome their shock about its gruesome effects, USAMRIID Colonel Sam Daniels (Dustin Hoffman) and his assistants, Majors Schuler and Salt (Kevin Spacey and Cuba Gooding Jr.) - in Zaire to provide medical assistance - are downright ecstatic to have discovered a new virus; a once-in-a-lifetime event for most scientists, if it happens at all. What they don't know is that their own superiors, Brig.Gen. Billy Ford (Morgan Freeman) and Maj.Gen. Donald McClintock (Donald Sutherland) have encountered this virus before, albeit non-airborne, in a mercenary camp in 1967 ... and on McClintock's orders, firebombed the camp to secretly develop a biological weapon. Read more \u203a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planet Jupiter - The Nine Planets: Jupiter Jupiter - Educational facts and history of the planet Jupiter. [PAR] Jupiter [PAR] News [PAR] Jupiter Facts [PAR] Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and by far the largest. Jupiter is more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined (the mass of Jupiter is 318 times that of Earth). [PAR] Planet Profile [PAR] orbit : 778,330,000 km (5.20 AU ) from Sun [PAR] diameter : 142,984 km (equatorial) [PAR] mass : 1.900e27 kg [PAR] History of Jupiter [PAR] Jupiter (a.k.a. Jove; Greek Zeus ) was the King of the Gods, the ruler of Olympus and the patron of the Roman state. Zeus was the son of Cronus (Saturn). [PAR] Jupiter is the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun , the Moon and Venus ). It has been known since prehistoric times as a bright \"wandering star\". But in 1610 when Galileo first pointed a telescope at the sky he discovered Jupiter's four large moons Io , Europa , Ganymede and Callisto (now known as the Galilean moons) and recorded their motions back and forth around Jupiter. This was the first discovery of a center of motion not apparently centered on the Earth. It was a major point in favor of Copernicus 's heliocentric theory of the motions of the planets (along with other new evidence from his telescope: the phases of Venus and the mountains on the Moon ). Galileo's outspoken support of the Copernican theory got him in trouble with the Inquisition . Today anyone can repeat Galileo's observations (without fear of retribution :-) using binoculars or an inexpensive telescope. [PAR] Jupiter was first visited by Pioneer 10 in 1973 and later by Pioneer 11 , Voyager 1 , Voyager 2 and Ulysses . The spacecraft Galileo orbited Jupiter for eight years. It is still regularly observed by the Hubble Space Telescope . [PAR] The gas planets do not have solid surfaces, their gaseous material simply gets denser with depth (the radii and diameters quoted for the planets are for levels corresponding to a pressure of 1 atmosphere). What we see when looking at these planets is the tops of clouds high in their atmospheres (slightly above the 1 atmosphere level). [PAR] Jupiter is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium (by numbers of atoms, 75/25% by mass) with traces of methane, water, ammonia and \"rock\". This is very close to the composition of the primordial Solar Nebula from which the entire solar system was formed. Saturn has a similar composition, but Uranus and Neptune have much less hydrogen and helium. [PAR] Our knowledge of the interior of Jupiter (and the other gas planets) is highly indirect and likely to remain so for some time. (The data from Galileo 's atmospheric probe goes down only about 150 km below the cloud tops.) [PAR] Jupiter probably has a core of rocky material amounting to something like 10 to 15 Earth-masses. [PAR] Above the core lies the main bulk of the planet in the form of liquid metallic hydrogen. This exotic form of the most common of elements is possible only at pressures exceeding 4 million bars , as is the case in the interior of Jupiter (and Saturn). Liquid metallic hydrogen consists of ionized protons and electrons (like the interior of the Sun but at a far lower temperature). At the temperature and pressure of Jupiter's interior hydrogen is a liquid, not a gas. It is an electrical conductor and the source of Jupiter's magnetic field. This layer probably also contains some helium and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sandie Shaw\u2019s Biography \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts ... Sandie Shaw\u2019s Biography \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] Listeners [PAR] Biography [PAR] Sandie Shaw (real name Sandra Ann Goodrich) (born February 26, 1947) was the most successful British girl singer of the 1960s. With her hair, slender frame, model cheekbones and outfits, she has been described as the ultimate working-class 'it' girl. [PAR] Raised in Dagenham, Essex, UK, the Ford plant IBM operator dreamed of becoming a singer. She began her recording career in 1964 at just 17-years-old having been discovered by popular singer Adam Faith . [PAR] She was spotted by Adam Faith after she appeared way down on the bill at a concert featuring himself and his group The Roulettes and The Hollies (she had gained a place in the concert having come second in a talent contest). After the show she was taken backstage to meet The Hollies and The Roulettes, and ended up being dragged to Faith's dressing room to do an impromptu rendition of \"Everybody Loves A Lover.\" Faith was so impressed that he introduced her to his manager Eve Taylor, a former Variety manager. Within a fortnight the youngster had a record deal with Pye Records and a new stage name. Taylor signed songwriter Chris Andrews to Shaw and he wrote her first single \"As Long As You're Happy Baby.\" However it was the second single that was to make her a household name after Eve Taylor discovered \"(There's) Always Something There To Remind Me\" on a song-hunting trip to America. The song had been written by legendary songwriting team Burt Bacharach and Hal David and had been a minor US hit for Lou Johnston. Shaw's version became a massive hit, spending three weeks at Number One in the UK singles chart in the autumn of 1964. [PAR] This was followed by a string of classic pop hit singles written by Chris Andrews including \"Girl Don't Come,\" \"I'll Stop At Nothing,\" \"Long Live Love\" (Shaw's second UK Number One), \"Message Understood,\" \"Tomorrow\" and \"Nothing Comes Easy,\" all of which made the Top 20. The star was also a regular on popular programmes like Top Of The Pops, Ready Steady Go and Thank Your Lucky Stars. Shaw also recorded most of her hit singles in Italian, French, German and Spanish, boosting her popularity on the continent. She was also hugely popular across South America, had even performed behind the Iron Curtain and sung at some concerts in pre-revolutionary Iran. Problems with work permits prevented Shaw from breaking America, although she has developed quite a collection of avid fans there! Her trademark was to perform in bare feet because, in her own words, \"I feel more relaxed, more able to get the mood of a song.\" The singles were produced by Eve Taylor, Andrews and herself (though she was never credited) with help from Pye arranger Ken Woodman. Although it was mainly her singles that brought her success and popularity, Shaw also released several original albums in the 60s - Sandie, Me, Love Me, Please Love Me, The Sandie Shaw Supplement and Reviewing The Situation. These albums generally consisted of Chris Andrews-penned songs mixed with cover versions of songs made popular by other artists. [PAR] By 1967 Shaw's record sales were lower than they had previously been and her manager decided to go for a more cabaret appeal and, against her will (as she felt it would destroy her credibility), Shaw was put forward to represent the UK in that year's Eurovision Song Contest. She performed five songs on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Graeae - Greek Mythology Graeae [PAR] Graeae [PAR] See More Graeae Pictures > [PAR] The Graeae were three sisters in Greek mythology, who shared one eye and one tooth among them. Their names were Deino (dread), Enyo (horror) and Pemphredo (alarm). They were the daughters of the sea gods Phorcys and Ceto , and sisters of the Gorgons . They took turns using their eye and their tooth. [PAR] They appeared in the myth of Perseus , who was trying to find out where three magical objects were located, in order to kill Medusa . He went to the Graeae 's cave, and stole their eye. He then told them he would return it if they told him where the three objects were. [PAR] Graeae Is also called Grey Sisters, Graiai, Graiae.[DOC] [TLE] GRAEAE (Graiai) - One-Eyed Grey Hags of Greek Mythology GRAEAE (Graiai) - One-Eyed Grey Hags of Greek Mythology [PAR] Grey, Old Women (graia) [PAR] Perseus and Graea, Athenian red-figure krater C5th B.C., Archaeological Museum of Delos [PAR] GRAIAI (Graeae) were two, some say three, sea hags who personified the white foam of the sea. They were grey-haired from birth and shared amongst themselves a single, detatchable eye and tooth. The hero Perseus stole these when he was searching for the Medousa (Medusa) , compelling the hags to reveal the location of their sister. [PAR] The names of the Graiai suggest rather dire monsters--Deino is the \"the terrible,\" Enyo \"the warlike\" and Persis \"the destoyer.\" Another, Pemphredo, \"she who guides the way,\" was so named for her role in the story of Perseus. The sisters formed the chorus of a play entitled the Phorcydes by Aeschylus, part of the dramatist's trilogy on the life of Perseus. [PAR] The Graiai were usually depicted as old crones. According to Aeschylus, however, they were Seiren-shaped monsters with the head and arms of old women and the bodies of swans. [PAR] It is worth comparing the Graiai with the monster Lamia whom Greek writers likewise describe as a monstrous Libyan woman with removable eyes. [PAR] FAMILY OF THE GRAEAE [PAR] [1.1] PHORKYS & KETO (Hesiod Theogony 270, Apollodorus 1.10, Hyginus Preface) [PAR] [1.2] PHORKYS (Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 795, Pindar Pythian Ode, Ovid Metamorphoses 4.772, Nonnus Dionysiaca 25.64) [PAR] NAMES [PAR] [1.1] PEMPHREDO, ENYO (Hesiod Theogony 270) [PAR] [1.2] PEPHREDO, ENYO, DEINO (Apollodorus 1.10) [PAR] [1.3] PEMPHREDO, ENYO, DINO or PERSIS (Hyginus Preface) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] GRAEAE (Graiai), that is, \"the old women,\" were daughters of Phorcys and Ceto. They had grey hair from their birth. Hesiod (Theog. 270, &c.) mentions only two Graeae, viz. Pephredo and Enyo; Apollodorus (ii. 4. \u00a7 2) adds Deino as a third, and Aeschylus (Prom. 819) also speaks of three Graeae. The Scholiast on Aeschylus (Prom. 793) describes the Graeae, or Phorcides, as he calls them, as having the figure of swans, and he says that the three sisters had only one tooth and one eye in common, which they borrowed from one another when they wanted them. It is conmmonly believed that the Graeae, like other members of the family of Phorcys, were marine divinities, and personifications of the white foam seen on the waves of the sea. [PAR] PHO\u2032RCIDES (Phorkides), PHORCYDES, or PHORCYNIDES, that is, the daughters of Phorcus and Ceto, or the Gorgons and Graeae. (Aeschyl. Prom. 794; Ov. Met. iv. 742, 774, v. 230 ; Hygin. Fab. Praef. p. 9.) [PAR] Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. [PAR] NAMES OF THE GRAEAE [PAR] She Who Shows the Way [PAR] CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES [PAR] Hesiod, Theogony 270 ff (trans."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camberwick Green - TV.com Camberwick Green - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] For Brits of a certain age, Camberwick Green is a programme guaranteed to spark nostalgia. At the start of each episode, we saw a tall, hexagonal box sitting on a table. This was to be our way in to the charmingly old-fashioned world of Windy Miller, Mrs Honeyman the gossip, PC McGarry (\"number four! five! two!\") and the rest. Here is a box, a musical box, Wound up and ready to play. But this box can hide A secret inside. Can you guess what is in it today? And from the box would emerge one of the residents of Camberwick Green. Following a brief chat between the narrator (Brian Cant) and the character (who would respond to Cant's questions silently with nods, shrugs and shakes of the head), the scene mixed through into Camberwick Green itself - a quiet country village with all the basic amenities (bakery, butcher, garage) and, in the land surrounding it, Windy Miller's windmill, Jonathan Bell's farm and the army fort commanded by Captain Snort, whose personnel seemed to spend most of their time doing odd jobs for the villagers. Although Camberwick Green was looking back to a bygone era even in 1966, its olde-worlde charm still stands up well today. The animators, Bura & Hardwick, were shrewd enough to film the whole series in colour (even though British TV was still resolutely monochrome at the time), ensuring regular repeats for the series for over twenty years. Two generations grew up with the characters of Camberwick Green and its sequels, Trumpton and Chigley, and it remains one of the true classics of British television.moreless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Portugal, Europe and the Carnation Revolution Portugal, Europe and the Carnation Revolution [PAR] Now Reading: Portugal, Europe and the Carnation Revolution [PAR] Up Next: [PAR] Portugal, Europe and the Carnation Revolution [PAR] MARIO CRUZ [PAR] Click for full view [PAR] PCP (Portuguese Communist Party) secretary-general, Jeronimo de Sousa (2-R), attends a rally during the commemorations of the 42th anniversary of Carnations revolution on the Liberty Avenue in downtown Lisbon, Portugal, 25 April 2016. The 25th April Revolution, also known as the Carnation Revolution, was initialized on 25 April 1974 by a coup of a group of officers opposing the then ruling junta, and was soon supported by the civilian population to overthrow the regime in a nearly bloodless move. [PAR] Author [PAR] Published 16:27 April 26, 2016 [PAR] Updated 16:27 April 26, 2016 [PAR] Portugal, Europe and the Carnation Revolution [PAR] Portugal celebrated its 42nd democratic anniversary on Monday, April 25. The Carnation revolution triggered changes across southern Europe and beyond and was \u2013 once upon a time \u2013 of European significance. 42 years on, its European relevance is once again striking. [PAR] Europe and Portugal [PAR] The 42nd anniversary of the so-called Carnations revolution is a reminder of the Portuguese style of revolution. The Carnation Revolution took place on the 25 April 1974 by a group of officers opposing the mil... [PAR] This story is part of New Europe's Premium content. [PAR] To Read the Full Story, Subscribe or Sign In from the \u2191 Top of the Page \u2191"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) - FAQ Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) - FAQ [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Visit our FAQ Help to learn more [PAR] FAQ [PAR] How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? [PAR] For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for Tomorrow Never Dies can be found here . [PAR] What is 'Tomorrow Never Dies' about? [PAR] When the British frigate Devonshire is fired upon and sunk in the South China Sea by what is presumed to be the Chinese Air Force, it is later discovered that a mysterious signal from a satellite belonging to media mogul Elliot Carver ( Jonathan Pryce ), head of the Carver Media Group Network (CMGN) and owner of the newspaper Tomorrow, which seems to report news events even before they happen, may have interfered with the Devonshire's communications and sent it off course, M ( Judi Dench ) sends 007 agent James Bond ( Pierce Brosnan ) to Germany to find out whether Carver or someone in his organization sent the Devonshire off course and why. Bond is further advised to use his previous relationship with Carver's wife Paris ( Teri Hatcher ) as a way of infiltrating Carver's organization. Meanwhile, the Chinese have sent in their own agent, Colonel Wai Lin ( Michelle Yeoh ) to investigate. [PAR] Is \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" based on a story by Ian Fleming? [PAR] Other than the character of James Bond, neither the story line nor the title is based on anything written by James Bond creator Ian Fleming. The title was inspired by the Beatles' song \"Tomorrow Never Knows\". The screenplay was written by American screenwriter Bruce Feirstein. The screenplay was subsequently novelized by American author Raymond Benson. Tomorrow Never Dies is the 18th Bond film in the EON series, and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as James Bond. [PAR] What exotic places does Bond visit in this movie? [PAR] In the precredit scenario, Bond has infiltrated a terrorist arms bazaar on the Russian border, from which he manages to evacuate several Soviet SB5 nuclear torpedoes. He is next seen in Oxford, England brushing up on Danish and is subsequently sent to Hamburg, Germany to investigate Elliot Carver. There, he connects with Carver's wife Paris. He learns that Carver instigated the attack on the Devonshire and retrieves the U.S. GPS encoder that may have been used to drive the boat off-course. The next day, Bond is sent to a U.S. airbase in the South China Sea where he is reunited with CIA liaison Jack Wade ( Joe Don Baker ), hands over the GPS encoder, and parachutes into the water at the last known spot of the Devonshire, which actually ends up to be in Vietnam waters. While investigating the sunken Devonshire, Bond runs into Wai Lin, who turns out to be a Chinese spy. They are captured by Carver and taken to his CMGN complex in Saigon. After escaping from Carver, Bond and Wai Lin decide to check out Ha Long Bay as the most likely position of Carver's stealth ship. [PAR] How did the Beatles come to inspire the title \"Tomorrow Never Dies\"? [PAR] Screenwriter Bruce Feirstein explains in an article in Vanity Fair: [PAR] So, how did the title for Tomorrow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Biography of Ruth Elizabeth Davis an American Actress ... A Biography of Ruth Elizabeth Davis an American Actress | Kibin [PAR] A Biography of Ruth Elizabeth Davis an American Actress [PAR] Sign Up & Access Essays [PAR] Already a member? Login here [PAR] Pages: 1 [PAR] This preview is partially blurred. Sign up to view the full document. [PAR] Sign Up & Access Essays [PAR] Already a member? Login here [PAR] End of preview [PAR] Upgrade to view the full document [PAR] This is an unformatted preview. Sign up to view the full document [PAR] End of preview [PAR] Upgrade to view the full document [PAR] Ruth Elizabeth Davis was born April 5 1908 in Lowell Massachusetts USA She passed away from cancer October 6 1989 in France Her parents divorced when she was a child she was raised along with her sister by her mother Ruthie Bette demanded attention practically from birth which led to her pursuing a career in acting After graduation from Cushing Academy she was refused admittance to Eva LeGalliennes Manhattan Civic Repertory because she was considered insincere and frivolous She enrolled in John Murray Andersons Dramatic School and was the star pupil She was in the off-Broadway The Earth Between 1923 Her Broadway debut in 1929 was in Broken Dishes and she also appeared in Solid South Late in 1930 she was hired by Universal When she arrived in Hollywood the studio representative who went to meet her train left without her because he could find no one who looked like a movie star An official at Universal complained she had as much sex appeal as Slim Summerville and her performance in the movie Bad Sister didnt impress In 1932 she signed a seven year deal with Warner Brothers She became a star after her appearance in The Man Who Played God Warners loaned her to RKO in 1934 for Of Human Bondage in which she was a smash She had a significant number of write-in votes for the Best Actress Oscar She won the Best Actress Academy Award for Dangerous and Jezebel and fought unsuccessfully with Warner Brothers to break her contract because she felt she wasnt receiving the top roles an Oscar winning actress deserved When she came back after the lawsuit her roles improved dramatically The only role she didnt get that she wanted in 1939 was Scarlett OHara in Gone With the Wind Warners wouldnt loan her to David O Selznick unless he hired Errol Flynn to play Rhett Butler which both Selznick and Davis thought was a terrible choice It [PAR] @Kibin is a lifesaver for my essay right now!! [PAR] - Sandra Slivka, student @ UC Berkeley [PAR] Wow, this is the best essay help I've ever received! [PAR] - Camvu Pham, student @ U of M [PAR] If I'd known about @Kibin in college, I would have gotten much more sleep [PAR] - Jen Soust, alumni @ UCLA[DOC] [TLE] Bette Davis | American actress | Britannica.com Bette Davis | American actress | Britannica.com [PAR] American actress [PAR] Alternative Title: Ruth Elizabeth Davis [PAR] Bette Davis [PAR] Bette Davis, original name Ruth Elizabeth Davis (born April 5, 1908, Lowell , Massachusetts , U.S.\u2014died October 6, 1989, Neuilly-sur-Seine , France ), versatile, volatile American actress, whose raw, unbridled intensity kept her at the top of her profession for 50 years. [PAR] Bette Davis, 1942. [PAR] Silver Screen Collection/Hulton Archive/Getty Images [PAR] Davis developed a taste for acting while attending her mother\u2019s alma mater, Cushing Academy in Massachusetts. After gaining a smattering of experience in summer stock, she"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MONTGOLFIER BROTHERS - SOLAR NAVIGATOR MONGOLFIER BROTHERS HOT AIR BALOON [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The brothers, Joseph Michel Montgolfier (26 August 1740 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 26 June 1810) and Jacques-\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtienne Montgolfier (6 January 1745 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 2 August 1799) were the inventors of the montgolfi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre, globe airostatique or hot air balloon. The brothers succeeded in launching the first manned ascent to carry a young physician and an audicious army officer into the sky. [PAR] [PAR] In 1782, while watching a fire in his fireplace, Joseph became interested in the \"force\" that caused the sparks and smoke to rise. He made a small bag out of silk and lit a fire under the opening at the bottom causing it to rise. The brothers thought the burning created a gas which they called \"Montgolfier gas\". They didn't realize that their balloons rose because the heated air inside was lighter than the surrounding air. [PAR] [PAR] Early years [PAR] [PAR] The brothers were born into a family of successful paper manufacturers in Annonay, in the Ard\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdche, France. Pierre Montgolfier (1700-1793), the father of sixteen children established his eldest son Raymond (1730-1772) as his successor. As a result, the younger sons were initially sent away to school to learn other professions. [PAR] [PAR] Joseph (12th child) possessed a typical inventor's temperament - a maverick and dreamer but impractical in terms of business and personal affairs. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtienne had a much more even and businesslike temperament than Joseph. As the 15th child he was sent to Paris to train as an architect and met there with Jean-Baptiste R\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdveillon. However, after the sudden and unexpected death of Raymond in 1772, he was recalled to Annonay to run the family business. In the subsequent 10 years, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtienne applied his talent for technical innovation to the family business (papermaking was a high tech industry in the 18th century.) He succeeded in incorporating the latest Dutch innovations of the day into the family mills. His work led to recognition by the government of France as well as the awarding of a government grant to establish the Montgolfier factory as a model for other French papermakers, but also to the family wealth. [PAR] [PAR] Initial experiments [PAR] [PAR] Of the two brothers, it was Joseph who first contemplated building \"machines\". Gillispie puts it as early as 1777 when Joseph observed laundry drying over a fire incidentally form pockets that billowed upwards. Joseph made his first definitive experiments in November of 1782 while living in Avignon. He reported, some years later, that he was watching a fire one evening while contemplating one of the great military issues of the day - an assault on the fortress of Gibraltar , which had proved impregnable by both sea and land. Joseph mused on the possibility of an air assault using troops lifted by the same force that was lifting the embers from the fire. He believed that contained within the smoke was a special gas, called 'Montgolfier Gas', with a special property he called 'levity'. [PAR] [PAR] As a result of these musings, Joseph set about building a box-like chamber 1x1x1,3m (3 ft by 3 ft by 4 ft) out of very thin wood and covering the sides and top with lightweight taffeta cloth. Under the bottom of the box he crumpled and lit some paper. The contraption quickly lifted off its stand and collided with the ceiling. Joseph then recruited his brother to balloon building by writing the prophetic words: \"Get in a supply of taffeta and of cordage, quickly, and you will see one of the most astonishing sights in the world.\" [PAR] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] preto translation English | Portuguese dictionary | Reverso preto translation English | Portuguese dictionary | Reverso [PAR] Isso ser\u00e1 bastante embara\u00e7oso se fores preto. [PAR] That would've been really embarrassing if you were black. [PAR] Um dia um preto ser\u00e1 presidente. [PAR] One day, a black will be president. [PAR] Com cabeleira loura sobre cabelo preto. [PAR] She had a blonde wig, dark hair underneath. [PAR] Fato, sobretudo preto e chap\u00e9u cinzento. [PAR] Houndstooth suit, black overcoat and a gray fedora. [PAR] Seu contato estar\u00e1 usando um sobretudo preto. [PAR] Your contact will be wearing a black trench coat. [PAR] Iam demasiadas pessoas de preto naquele carro. [PAR] There's way too many people in the car dressed in all black. [PAR] See how \u201cpreto\u201d is translated from Portuguese to English with more examples in context [PAR] Add your entry in the Collaborative Dictionary."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Road to Perdition - Out of Theaters Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window) [PAR] A brilliant cast and exquisite cinematography bring Max Allan Collins\u2019 graphic novel Road to Perdition to life in the 2002 movie by the same name. [PAR] Tom Hanks plays Michael Sullivan, a mob enforcer with conscience working for an Irish crime family in 1931. His surrogate father John Rooney ( Paul Newman in his final live-action role) is the boss . Tyler Hoechlin plays 12-year-old Michael Jr., whose curiosity about his father\u2019s career leads him to witness a hit executed by John\u2019s son Connor (Daniel Craig), pitting Sullivan against his former crime family and setting the plot in motion. [PAR] Rooney is based on the real-life mobster John Patrick Looney of Rock Island. Looney\u2019s son Connor was killed after a conflict with former enforcer Dan Drost, it says here . [PAR] Conrad L. Hall deservedly won the Academy Award (posthumously) for his dark, chilling and elegant cinematography. Hall previously won Oscars for American Beauty (1999) and another Newman film, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969). [PAR] Director Sam Mendes brings a quiet beauty to some of the most violent scenes, such as Michael Sullivan\u2019s Tommy-Gun takedown of Rooney and his gang. [PAR] The Out of Theaters team\u2019s only beef with the picture was the unnecessary narration at the close of the movie. The voiceover was not only needless, but it was strangely done in the voice of 12-year-old Michael Jr. despite purporting to be a message from his older self.[DOC] [TLE] Road to Perdition (2002) - Letterboxd \u2022 Your life in film \u200eRoad to Perdition (2002) directed by Sam Mendes \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] 7 [PAR] The most serene of all mob films, Road to Perdition is a beautifully crafted, finely composed & calmly narrated tale that not only succeeds as an effective crime thriller but also paints a touching portrait of father-son relationship over the course of its runtime and is equally notable for marking the final on-screen appearance of the legendary actor, Paul Newman. [PAR] Set in the early 1930s during the Great Depression, the story of Road to Perdition concerns Michael Sullivan Sr.; an enforcer for the Irish mobster John Rooney who share a father-son like relationship. But these bonds of loyalty are soon put to test when Rooney's son murders Sullivan's family after Sullivan Jr. ends up witnessing what his father does for a\u2026 [PAR] 26 [PAR] In a surprising career choice, director Sam Mendes, decided to follow-up his Oscar winning debut film with a pulpy adaptation of a graphic novel about a gangster in 1930s Chicago. Although certainly unexpected it was a welcome change with Mendes once again tackling a very American genre despite his British roots. [PAR] Road to Perdition is a story of vengeance, redemption, loyalty and paternal bonds as former mob enforcer, Michael Sullivan, is forced to go on the run with his 12-year old son after his boy is witness to a killing. Mendes slathers the film in religious imagery and biblical portent as Sullivan attempts to save his son and atone for his sins. What the film may lack in subtlety it\u2026 [PAR] 15 [PAR] A motion picture of unique softness in a genre habitually packed with unyielding brutality, Road to Perdition subverts the gangster mould with its prodigious heart and motifs of retribution and bondage firmly inscribed in the nucleus of the film. The picture glows with intimacy, a focal point in the works of Sam Mendes, whose grip on families confronting desolation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King James I of England - Rare & Antique Bibles King James I [PAR] English Bible History [PAR] King James I [PAR] With the death of Queen Elizabeth I, Prince James VI of Scotland became King James I of England. His name has become synonymous with the famous printing of the Bible that bears his name, the \u201cKing James Bible\u201d of 1611 AD . He was one of the most intelligent Kings to reign over England, but his personal life made him the most controversial since his relative, King Henry VIII. [PAR] James VI of Scotland and James I of England [PAR] James VI of Scotland (June 19, 1566 - March 27, 1625, reigned July 24, 1567 - March 27, 1625) became James I of England and Ireland (reigned March 24, 1603-March 27, 1625) and was the first king of both England and Scotland. He also held the title of King of France, as had all his predecessors in the English throne since October 21, 1422, although by his time the title didn't come with an active claim of this throne. James succeeded Elizabeth I as the closest living relative of the unmarried childless English monarch, through his descent from one of Henry VIII's sisters. [PAR] King James Crowned at the Age of One [PAR] Prince James became King of Scotland on July 24, 1567, at the age of 13 months, after his mother Mary, Queen of Scots was forced to abdicate. Mary fled to England, where she was imprisoned for the next 19 years. His father, Lord Darnley, had died in mysterious circumstances shortly after James was born. James was formally crowned at the Church of the Holy Rood, Stirling on July 29, 1567. In accordance to the religious atmosphere of the time, he was brought up as a Scottish Presbyterian, though his mother had been a Roman Catholic. [PAR] King James \u2013 from Scotland to England [PAR] James inherited the throne of England after the death of his mother's cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. James was never a very popular monarch among the people of England. He laid much of the groundwork that would eventually lead to the beheading of his heir Charles I during the English Civil War, but because of his political skills, his rule was relatively stable. James married Anne of Denmark by proxy on August 20, 1589, and in person on November 23, 1589 and again in person in January 21, 1590. They had eight children, of whom only three lived beyond infancy: Henry, Prince of Wales- (February 19, 1594 - November 6, 1612), Elizabeth Stuart - (August 19, 1596 - February 13, 1662), and King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland - (November 19, 1600 - January 30, 1649). [PAR] James dissolved the English Parliament on February 8, 1622, following a dispute involving parliamentary criticisms of a marriage proposed by James, of his son Charles to Princess Maria Anna of Spain. King James was quoted as saying, \"Monarchy is the greatest thing on earth. Kings are rightly called gods since just like God they have power of life and death over all their subjects in all things. They are accountable to God only ... so it is a crime for anyone to argue about what a king can do.\" [PAR] King James is considered to have been one of the most intellectual and learned individuals ever to sit on any English or Scottish throne. He is primarily remembered for authorizing the production of the King James Version of the Bible, the highly popular English translation from Greek and Hebrew, which remains"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Argali - Ovis ammon - Details - Encyclopedia of Life Argali - Ovis ammon - Details - Encyclopedia of Life [PAR] Learn more about this article [PAR] Argalis are highly gregarious animals, found in large single-sex herds that may number up to 100 individuals (2). During the mating season, these herds come together and males will compete for access to the receptive females (2). These are often violent and the clashing of horns can be heard reverberating around the mountains (2). Around 5 months later, females give birth to a litter of 1 or 2 lambs; they separate from the main herd in order to give birth and the newborns remain hidden in the grass whilst their mother feeds (2). These sheep graze on grasses, herbs and sedges; herds may migrate to higher elevations during the summer months in search of fresh pasture (2). [PAR] \u00a9 Wildscreen [PAR] Learn more about this article [PAR] The argali is the largest of the wild sheep, and the males have impressive horns that are highly prized by hunters (2). Currently 9 different subspecies are recognised, which vary both in their appearance and in their range (1)(2). In general, argalis have a light brown coat with white legs and a white rump patch (4). Although both sexes have horns, those of the male are much larger and more impressive; they can be up to 13% of the males' body mass (4). The corkscrew horns wind forwards and are of a formidable weight; those of mature Altai argali (Ovis ammon ammon) males weigh 20 - 22 kg (4). Males also have a ruff of white hair around the neck and a pronounced crest along the back, which adds to their impressive appearance (2). [PAR] \u00a9 Wildscreen [PAR] Learn more about this article [PAR] This species is found in northeastern Afghanistan, China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, possibly western Sichuan, Tibet, and Xinjiang), northern India (Ladakh, Sikkim, and Spiti), eastern Kazakhstan, eastern Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, northern Nepal (near the Chinese border), extreme northern Pakistan, Russia (Tuvan and Altai Republics in the Altai Mountains), eastern Uzbekistan, and eastern Tajikistan (Fedosenko and Blank 2005). There are no recent records of argali occurrence in Bhutan (Tschewang Wangchuck pers. comm., 2008). [PAR] Afghanistan [PAR] Argali were historically present in much of the Afghan Pamirs of the Wakhan district (Habibi 1977, Petocz 1973, Petocz et al. 1978), between the Panj (Amu Darya) and Wakhan Rivers, but were not known from elsewhere in Afghanistan during recent times. They currently occupy the western section of the Big Pamirs, most of the Little Pamirs, and are often found in the Wakhjir Valley as well (Harris and Winnie 2008, Schaller and Kang 2008). Their status in the eastern portion of the Big Pamir, where they were documented by Petocz (1978) in the early 1970s remains uncertain. They are occasionally reported from elsewhere within the Wakhan Corridor. These animals are considered to be O. a. polii. [PAR] China [PAR] Argali are distributed in most mountain ranges of Xinjiang (Yu et al. 1999), including the Altai Shan, Arjin Shan, Kara-Kunlun Shan, Pamirs, and Tian Shan and associated ranges. Some authorities consider all these argali except those in the Pamirs to be O. a. karelini; others sub-divide these into other subspecies. Within the ranges of the Tibetan Plateau, argali are distributed discontinuously and irregularly (Liu and Yin 1993, Schaller 1998, Schaller et al. 2007, Harris 2007). Although present in ranges from the Himalaya to the Qilian Shan in Gansu, argali on the Tibetan Plateau appear to be rare where temperatures are exceedingly low, winter snows deep, and/or precipitation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Escape to Witch Mountain - Disney Wiki - Wikia Escape to Witch Mountain | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Escape to Witch Mountain [PAR] Escape to Witch Mountain is a 1975 film based on the novel Escape to Witch Mountain by Alexander Key . It was produced by Walt Disney Productions, released by Buena Vista Distribution Company and directed by John Hough. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Plot [PAR] The movie centers upon the brother and sister pair Tony and Tia, who initially know only their deceased adoptive parents' surname, Malone. The children are placed in an orphanage, where they face difficulties stemming from their strange psychic powers. Tony can telekinetically move objects with the aid of his harmonica,and he can experience a limited form of premonition as shown in the scene where he draws Mr. Bolt's mansion on a mirror. Tia can communicate telepathically to Tony, commune with animals, experiences premonitions, and can also use minor telekinetic powers (which are much stronger in Return from Witch Mountain). She carries a \" star case \" with her at all times, which the children find contains a strange map. [PAR] Tia has fragmented memories of her early childhood, including an accident at sea and a man she later remembers as the children's Uncle Ben\u00e9 (pronounced Ben-ay), whom they believe drowned during their rescue. [PAR] During a field trip to see a movie, Tia experiences a premonition and is able to warn wealthy attorney Lucas Deranian against a potentially dangerous accident. Deranian informs his employer, millionaire Aristotle Bolt, of the children's powers. Bolt, obsessed with the paranormal, demands that Deranian retrieve the children at all costs. Deranian's detective work leads him to the orphanage, where he poses as Tia and Tony's uncle, though not under the name Ben\u00e9, and takes them to Bolt's mansion. [PAR] Though initially suspicious of Bolt's motives, Tia and Tony are lured in by the wealthy trappings of Bolt's home. Bolt eventually reveals that he has been monitoring the children via a closed-circuit television system and that he and Deranian are fully aware of their powers. The night of this revelation, Tia and Tony make an escape, making use of their powers to control a wild mustang, guard dogs, and the security fence. [PAR] Bolt sends Deranian and a thug, Ubermann, after the children. Tia and Tony hide out in a Winnebago motor home owned by a crotchety widower named Jason O'Day (Eddie Albert). Initially negative towards the children, Jason gradually begins to recognize their powers and the truth of their story; Tia's vague memories of a disaster at sea intrigue him. He agrees to take the children on the route indicated by Tia's star case, which leads them to a mountain known as Witch Mountain, home to unexplainable phenomena. Avoiding Bolt, the law and an incited mob convinced the children are witches, they eventually make their way up Witch Mountain, pursued by Deranian and Ubermann as well as Bolt in a helicopter. [PAR] As their memories begin to fully return, the children realize their accident at sea did not involve a boat, but a spacecraft. Tony and Tia are actually of extraterrestrial origin; the double star emblem on the star case stands for a binary star system where their home planet was located. [PAR] Having come to Earth because their own planet was dying, survivors of the journey made their way to Witch Mountain and formed a community to await the surviving children, each pair in possession of a star case to help them find their way to their new"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 'Great Emancipator' and the Issue of Race The 'Great Emancipator' and the Issue of Race [PAR] The 'Great Emancipator' and the Issue of Race [PAR] Abraham Lincoln's Program of Black Resettlement [PAR] By Robert Morgan [PAR] Many Americans think of Abraham Lincoln, above all, as the president who freed the slaves. Immortalized as the \"Great Emancipator,\" he is widely regarded as a champion of black freedom who supported social equality of the races, and who fought the American Civil War (1861-1865) to free the slaves. [PAR] While it is true that Lincoln regarded slavery as an evil and harmful institution, it is also true, as this paper will show, that he shared the conviction of most Americans of his time, and of many prominent statesmen before and after him, that blacks could not be assimilated into white society. He rejected the notion of social equality of the races, and held to the view that blacks should be resettled abroad. As President, he supported projects to remove blacks from the United States. [PAR] Early Experiences [PAR] In 1837, at the age of 28, the self-educated Lincoln was admitted to practice law in Illinois. In at least one case, which received considerable attention at the time, he represented a slave-owner. Robert Matson, Lincoln's client, each year brought a crew of slaves from his plantation in Kentucky to a farm he owned in Illinois for seasonal work. State law permitted this, provided that the slaves did not remain in Illinois continuously for a year. In 1847, Matson brought to the farm his favorite mulatto slave, Jane Bryant (wife of his free, black overseer there), and her four children. A dispute developed between Jane Bryant and Matson's white housekeeper, who threatened to have Jane and her children returned to slavery in the South. With the help of local abolitionists, the Bryants fled. They were apprehended, and, in an affidavit sworn out before a justice of the peace, Matson claimed them as his property. Lacking the required certificates of freedom, Bryant and the children were confined to local county jail as the case was argued in court. Lincoln lost the case, and Bryant and her children were declared free. They were later resettled in Liberia.1 [PAR] In 1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd, who came from one of Kentucky's most prominent slave-holding families.2 While serving as an elected representative in the Illinois legislature, he persuaded his fellow Whigs to support Zachary Taylor, a slave owner, in his successful 1848 bid for the Presidency.3 Lincoln was also a strong supporter of the Illinois law that forbid marriage between whites and blacks.4 [PAR] \"If all earthly power were given me,\" said Lincoln in a speech delivered in Peoria, Illinois, on October 16, 1854, \"I should not know what to do, as to the existing institution [of slavery]. My first impulse would be to free all the slaves, and send them to Liberia, to their own native land.\" After acknowledging that this plan's \"sudden execution is impossible,\" he asked whether freed blacks should be made \"politically and socially our equals?\" \"My own feelings will not admit of this,\" he said, \"and [even] if mine would, we well know that those of the great mass of white people will not ... We can not, then, make them equals.\"5 [PAR] One of Lincoln's most representative public statements on the question of racial relations was given in a speech at Springfield, Illinois, on June 26, 1857.6 In this address, he explained why he opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which would have admitted Kansas into the Union as a slave state:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Magic Roundabout - TV.com The Magic Roundabout - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] The Magic Roundabout [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Welcome to The Magic Roundabout guide at TV.com. Created by Serge Danot in 1965, The Magic Roundabout became a television legend. The five minute slot just before the early evening news guaranteed the programme a viewing figure of over eight million. Seemingly innocent children's animation series included witty commentary for the adults, allowing two generations to enjoy it. Flavoured with a laid-back and surreal view of life, the programme reflected a heavy sixties feel. It soon achieved a cult status. The programme featured a rather off-the-wall cast. Its included Dougal, a shaggy dog who lived on a strict diet of sugar; an eccentric bouncing character called Zebedee, who would announce his arrival with a 'boing'; a rabbit named Dylan,Whos grew drugs in his carrot patch (which may be why the magic roundabout got cancelled and then came back on later. Ermintrude the pink cow, Florence, Brian the snail and their friends in the Garden. Thus The Magic Roundabout staked its place in television history. The most famous sentence of the series was Zebedee's standard declaration \"Time for Bed\" sending millions of children to sleep every evening. The Magic Roundabout was re-run on channel 4 television at the end of last year, winning yet another generation of young fans. The beginning of the Magic Roundabout series kicks off with an unhappy Mr Rusty wishing that the magic would return to his roundabout, Zebedee achieves this by bringing children to play in the garden and ride the roundabout. Heya sonic revolution her! just saying its been a fun couple of months on the guide.Thanks everyone.moreless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alicia Keys, The Element Of Freedom New Music, Songs ... Alicia Keys, The Element Of Freedom New Music, Songs, & Albums, 2016 [PAR] Alicia Keys [PAR] The Element Of Freedom [PAR] 12 time Grammy Award winner Alicia Keys returns with her 4th studio album The Element Of Freedom. [PAR] Alicia has sold over 26 million albums worldwide and over 6.7 million digital tracks in the US. [PAR] Featuring the hits 'Doesn't Mean Anything' and 'Try Sleeping With A Broken Heart,' The Element Of Freedom promises to be one of Alicia Keys biggest releases to date. [PAR] The Element Of Freedom (Intro) [PAR] Love Is Blind [PAR] Try Sleeping With A Broken Heart [PAR] Wait Til You See Me Smile [PAR] That's [PAR] How Strong My Love Is [PAR] Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready) [PAR] Put It In A Love Song (Feat. Beyonce) [PAR] This Bed [PAR] How It Feels To Fly [PAR] Empire State Of Mind (Part II) Broken Down [PAR] Upcoming Tour Dates [PAR] Los Angeles, CA, US Alicia Keys at Belasco Theater [PAR] Mar 10[DOC] [TLE] Alicia keys assembles tour dates for new album alicia Alicia keys assembles tour dates for new album alicia [PAR] Alicia keys assembles tour dates for new album alicia [PAR] Tweet this [PAR] Alicia. Keys has started lining up dates for her spring arena tour that will back. The. Element of. Freedom her newly released studio set. [PAR] The tour is outlined on concert promoters. Live. Nation and. AEG websites. It will kick off in. Montreal. Canada on. February 28 with nine additional. March as well as early. April dates to follow. On. April 6. Keys will appear in. Los. Angeles. [PAR] Earlier this week the soul. R B Grammy award winning singer released her fourth album from the studio called. The. Element of. Freedom. Keys co produced the new album along with several famous hit makers. The new album follows. As. I Am her triple platinum set from 2007. [PAR] In. September the first single. Doesn t. Mean. Anything from the new album was released out to radio. Try. Sleeping with a. Broken. Heart a second single from. The. Element of. Freedom came out in. November. On the new album there is also a. Beyonce collaboration entitled. Put. It. In a. Love. Song. [PAR] Keys earlier this month s. Keys treamed her benefit concert live for. World. AIDS Day. Keep a. Child. Alive on. You. Tube. The concert was held at. Nokia. Theatre in. New. York. [PAR] Keys co founded. Keep a. Child. Alive and is also their global ambassador. The non profit organization provides anti retrovial treatment as well support and care services for. Indian and. African children and families who are afflicted with. HIV AIDS More information on the charity is available at keepachildaliveorg. [PAR] ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Malaysia? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Malaysia? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Malaysia [PAR] The Capital City of Malaysia is the city of Kuala Lumpur. The population of Kuala Lumpur in the year 2008 was 27,730,000. [PAR] Malaysia is a Melayu speaking Federation on the coasts of the China sea. [PAR] Additional Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Kubica - Auto Racing Robert Kubica : AutoRacing.com: NASCAR, F1, News, Reviews, Blogs, Events, Photos and Videos [PAR] Browse > Home / Formula 1 / Formula One Drivers / Robert Kubica [PAR] Robert Kubica [PAR] Born in Krak\u00f3w, Poland, on 7 December 1984, Robert Kubica has the distinction of being the first Polish driver to compete in Formula One racing . Kubica started his racing career by competing in the Italian Formula Renault 2000 and Formula Renault 200 Eurocup in 2001. He progressed to Formula Three and continued to build his reputation as a competitive and consistent driver, winning the Renault World Series in 2005. [PAR] The year 2006 proved to be a turning point in Kubica\u2019s career as he was appointed as Formula One reserve driver with BMW Sauber. He went on to replace Jaques Villeneuve for the final six races of the season, thereby becoming the first Polish driver to compete in the sport. Claiming third place in the Italian Grand Prix, he became the first driver to finish on the podium within his first three F1 races since Villeneuve achieved this in 1996. It was confirmed at the end of the 2006 F1 season that Kubica would be driving for BMW Sauber for the 2007 season. [PAR] Kubica started off well in the 2007 season, consistently achieving point scoring finishes. However, at the Canadian Grand Prix Kubica had a serious accident, resulting in his car rolling across the track, striking a wall and landing on its side. Considering that he had been subjected to a peak G-force of 75G when his car hit the wall, he escaped with relatively minor injuries of a concussion and sprained ankle. It did, however, result in him being unable to compete at the 2007 US Grand Prix , where test driver Sebastian Vettel took the wheel. Kubica was back in action for the French Grand Prix where he finished in fourth place, going on to achieve a fourth place finish for the British Grand Prix as well. [PAR] Retained by BMW Sauber for the 2008 season, Kubica soon established himself as a serious contender for the title, taking the first pole position at the Bahrain Grand Prix, and notching up second place finishes at both the Malaysian and Monaco events. It was on the June 8, at the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix that Kubica achieved his first F1 victory. Having started second on the grid, he soon passed Lewis Hamilton , who was in the lead. On leaving the pits after the first pit stop, Hamilton crashed into the back of Kimi Raikkonen\u2019s Ferrari, putting both cars out of the race and leaving the field open for Kubica who had been in the pits at the same time. Kubica won the race, joking that it had been his good fortune that Hamilton had not crashed into him seeing as he was alongside Raikkonen when the incident happened. Kubica finished the season fourth in the drivers\u2019 championship. [PAR] Following the excitement and success of 2008, the 2009 season proved to be disappointing, with the new BMW Sauber F1.09 underperforming all the way. Robert Kubica managed to earn a second place in Brazil, which boosted his points, but he started to look for an alternative team for the 2010 season. With BMW announcing plans to withdraw from F1, Kubica signed with Renault in October 2009 for the 2010 season, with Russian driver Vitaly Petrov as his team-mate. No doubt fans will be watching the career of this talented young driver very closely as the 2010 season progresses.[DOC] [TLE] BMW Sauber"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a flock of geese called? | Reference.com What is a flock of geese called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a flock of geese called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A group of geese can have several different names, depending on the physical location or activity of the group. These names include \"flock,\" \"gaggle\" and \"skein.\" [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] A flock of geese is a generic term that describes a group of geese that is in any physical location. A gaggle of geese describes a flock of geese that is located on the ground or in any body of water. A skein of geese describes a flock of geese as they fly through the air. [PAR] Geese are part of a larger family of animals called the Anatidae, which also includes ducks and swans."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] J. Arthur Rank - IMDb J. Arthur Rank - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Miscellaneous Crew | Producer | Writer [PAR] Lord 'J. Arthur Rank' was the millionaire flour miller and devout methodist who got into films to spread the gospel. When some early films that he was involved with didn't get a very good circulation he realised that control of the movie theatres was the key to success. He quickly established the Odeon chain of cinemas, started by Oscar Deutsch (... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 5188 people [PAR] created 20 Jan 2016 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of J. Arthur Rank's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 1949 Kind Hearts and Coronets (presenter - as J.Arthur Rank) [PAR] 1949 Whisky Galore (presenter - as J.Arthur Rank) [PAR] 1947 Odd Man Out (presenter - uncredited) [PAR] 1947 Hungry Hill (presenter - as J.Arthur Rank) [PAR] 1946 Great Expectations (presenter - as J.Arthur Rank) [PAR] 1956 The Shield of Faith (story - as Joseph Arthur Rank) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2010 Songs of Praise (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1 Print Biography | 2 Articles | See more \u00bb [PAR] Alternate Names: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Personal Quote: [PAR] If I could recall to you some of my various adventures and experiences in the film world, it would I think be as plain to you as it is to me that I was being led by God. [PAR] Trivia: [PAR] He was a deeply religious man who credited his success to his faith and the will of God. During the Twenties he owned a Methodist newspaper, and when he realized the value of films in Sunday school instruction, he entered the film bushiness with British National Pictures in order to improve the quality of these religious films. See more \u00bb [PAR] Trademark: [PAR] The gong struck by Bombadier Billy Wells (amongst others) at the start of Rank films. [PAR] Nickname:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn How to Make Chocolate Ganache Using Just 2 Ingredients How to Make Chocolate Ganache: A Craftsy Food & Cooking Tutorial [PAR] June 21, 2013 [PAR] What is chocolate ganache? [PAR] Chocolate Ganache (ga-nosh) sounds so darn fancy, doesn\u2019t it? It actually is quite fancy as it puddles over cold ice cream, turns regular ol\u2019 milk into an incredibly rich hot chocolate, glazes or frosts towering cakes, sandwiches itself between cookies and floods into thinly lined chocolate shells to make handcrafted chocolate truffles. Ganache is just fooling you with it\u2019s fancy name, incredibly indulgent taste and versatility because although it may sound complicated ganache is made with only two ingredients; chocolate and cream. [PAR] How to make chocolate ganache [PAR] Before we begin let\u2019s quickly talk chocolate. Because this recipe only uses two ingredients the deliciousness (we\u2019re going to call that a word for now, however terrible it may be) of your ganache is dependent upon the quality of your ingredients. Buy good chocolate here is what I\u2019m saying. The kind that requires a serrated knife to chop it (or buy the best quality feves or chips). The kind that wakes you up in the middle of the night to tip-toe to the cupboard to have one more taste. It\u2019s rich, full of complex flavors, can be a bit pricy but will be totally worth it. Your future hot chocolate drinking self with thank you. [PAR] What you plan to do with your ganache in the end will determine how much chocolate and cream you will use. Some people suggest two parts chocolate to one part cream but I tend to use equal parts, by weight (very important) chopped bittersweet chocolate and heavy cream. [PAR] Bring a pot of cream to a gentle boil over medium heat. Watch the pan closely as cream bubbles up quite viciously and does a number on your stove if it spills over the edge of the pot. Put the finely chopped chocolate in a large bowl and pour the hot cream over the chocolate. This is where I throw in a pinch of salt to boost the chocolate flavor. You can also add a bit of coffee, liqueur, or spice to the mix. [PAR] Let the cream sit on the chocolate for a minute or two before whisking to combine. Whisk until smooth and glossy. If the ganache isn\u2019t coming together there are a few things you can do. Add a splash of cream or mix with a stick blender or throw the whole batch into the food processor and blend until completely smooth. [PAR] Need more chocolate? Try your hand at these stunning cakes in the online Craftsy class Decadent Chocolate Cakes taught by Alice Medrich. Or if you're craving more sweets, learn how to make caramel . [PAR] Now, what do I do with it? [PAR] Now that you have a bowl of ganache a plethora of rich and deeply satisfying sweets are nearly yours. [PAR] Mix a couple of tablespoons of ganache with hot milk and top with whipped cream for the best mug of hot chocolate. Add a bit of cinnamon and a pinch of cayenne for a spicy Mexican Hot Chocolate. Or use it to make a crazy good mocha by add a shot of espresso (or two) to the mug. [PAR] Combine some of the ganache with a bit of corn syrup or brown rice syrup for an intense hot fudge sauce that will turn a boring scoop of vanilla into a dessert worthy of a crowd. [PAR] Pour the liquid ganache over a cake for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mercury: Element of the Ancients - Dartmouth Toxic Metals ... Mercury: Element of the Ancients - Dartmouth Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program [PAR] Mercury: Element of the Ancients [PAR] The Promise of Power [PAR] Intriguing because of its silver hue and liquid state at room temperature, elemental mercury was known to the ancient Greeks, Romans, Chinese and Hindus. Each civilization had its own legends about mercury, and it was used as everything from a medicine to a talisman. Mercury's chemical symbol, Hg, comes from the Greek \"hydrargyrum\" meaning liquid silver. Mercury is also known as \"quicksilver,\" a reference to its mobility. Speed and mobility were characteristics of the Roman god, Mercury, who served as a messenger to all the other gods and shared his name with the planet nearest the sun. The symbol for the planet was used by the alchemists to identify mercury before it was given its more modern chemical notation. [PAR] Although mercury's mystique held the promise of power, many of the ancients also knew it to be toxic. It was in the mining of the element where mercury first became associated with human illness beginning as tremors and progressing to severe mental derangement. The largest natural source of mercury is cinnabar, its only known ore, and the richest deposits are found in Spain and Italy. This reddish mineral containing mercury and sulfur has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. Cinnabar dating from 500 BC has been identified at a Mayan site in Guatemala, and prehistoric skulls painted with cinnabar have been found in Italy. [PAR] The Romans used their mercury mines as penal institutions for criminals, slaves, and other undesirables. The warders were among the first to recognize that there was a high likelihood that the prisoners would become poisoned and spare the keepers the need for formal executions. Mercury is primarily a neurological poison, causing tremors, extreme mood changes, and eventually loss of hearing and restricted vision. Certain forms of mercury poisoning also cause damage to the liver and kidneys. The life span of a worker in those mines was tragically brief. [PAR] From Mercury to Gold? [PAR] In the ancient art of alchemy, mercury, sulfur, and salt were the Earth's three principle substances. The Hindu word for alchemy is \"Rasasiddhi\", meaning \"knowledge of mercury.\" Believing that mercury was at the core of all metals, alchemists supposed that gold, silver, copper, tin, lead and iron were all mixtures of mercury and other substances. While alchemists in different cultures had different beliefs, one of the central themes to European alchemy was the belief that the correct combination of mercury and other ingredients would yield riches of gold. [PAR] The Roman emperor Diocletian (245-313) issued an edict in the late 3rd century calling for the destruction of all written works dealing with alchemy. Diocletian feared that artificially created gold would debase the value of the Roman currency and allow alchemists to amass huge fortunes with which they could bribe officials and gain power. [PAR] Chinese alchemist - Ko Hung [PAR] False Promises of Longevity and Health [PAR] The line between alchemy and medicine was not always clear. In 2nd century China, the study of mercury centered on a search for an elixir of life to confer longevity or immortality. The prominent Chinese alchemist Ko Hung, who lived in the 4th century, believed that man is what he eats, and so by eating gold he could attain perfection. Yet, he reasoned, a true believer was likely to be poor, and so it was necessary to find a substitute for the precious metal. This, in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Shoulder blade - MedicineNet Definition of Shoulder blade [PAR] Definition of Shoulder blade [PAR] Causes of a Heart Attack Slideshow [PAR] Shoulder blade: The familiar flat triangular bone at the back of the shoulder. Known familiarly as the wingbone or, medically, as the scapula. [PAR] The word \"scapula\" (with the accent on the first syllable) is Latin. The Romans always employed the plural \"scapulae\", the shoulder blades. Because the shoulder blade resembles the blade of a trowel (a small shovel), the word \"scapula\" is thought to have come from the Greek \"skaptein\" meaning \"to dig.\" [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Gala - Summerland Varieties Our Varieties [PAR] Our Varieties [PAR] Summerland Varieties Corp (SVC) licenses new varieties of tree fruits and berries domestically and internationally. [PAR] In addition, SVC has evaluation, distribution, propagation and commercialization rights from the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) for plant material developed in the apple, cherry, berry and soft fruits breeding programs of Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC) at both Summerland and Agassiz, British Columbia Canada.[DOC] [TLE] Royal Gala - OrangePippin Apple - Gala - tasting notes, identification, reviews [PAR] Buy [PAR] One of the most widely grown apple varieties in the world, and a mainstay of the supermarket apple selection - not least because it is available year round from northern and southern hemisphere suppliers. One of the unique features of Gala is that it can be grown with good quality results in both temperate and warm apple-growing regions, and it is generally regarded as a low-chill variety (i.e. it can be grown in regions which experience less than 800 hours of cool winter temperatures a year). [PAR] Gala is a cross between Kidd's Orange Red and Golden Delicious - a highly promising start. Bearing in mind that Kidd's Orange Red is the offspring of Cox's Orange Pippin and (Red) Delicious, Gala is effectively a union of three of the world's most important and distinctive apple varieties. Perhaps the flavor does not quite live up to that promise, but this is still a high quality apple with the potential to deliver really good flavor, particularly when home grown. [PAR] The colouration of Gala is exactly as you would expect from a cross between a Cox-type variety (Cox is one of the parents of Kidd's Orange Red) and Golden Delicious. It starts out as a very light coloured Cox, mainly orange streaks over yellow; mature apples are much darker, often a strong red colour. (The colour is a good indicator in supermarket Galas of the age of the apple: if it is very pale then it is probably the new season's crop, probably picked slightly early; if it is very dark then either it has been left deliberately on the tree to mature or it has matured over a long period in a cold store). [PAR] It is interesting to compare Gala with Freyberg. Freyberg was developed by the same grower in New Zealand and is a cross between Golden Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin, whereas Gala is a cross between Golden Delicious and Kidd's Orange Red (which is itself an offspring of Cox). A comparison of Gala and Freyberg is therefore a way of looking at the effect of the aromatic qualities of a Cox, applied in varying degrees on the easy-going sweet flavour of Golden Delicious. [PAR] Because Gala is so widely grown, and keeps well in storage, it is not unusual around April/May and September/October to see Gala apples for sale from both northern and southern hemisphere suppliers at the same time - with one having spent roughly six months in storage. In the UK and USA, make sure you are buying southern hemisphere Galas after April, and northern hemisphere after September. We reckon that Galas from South Africa and New Zealand seem to taste fresher and crisper than those from Brazil. From the northern hemisphere, French ones are generally better than UK or Italian ones. However in both cases it is largely a matter of luck, and regardless of the source, Galas are generally pleasant and un-demanding to eat. [PAR] Given its commercial importance, a number of sports have been developed - mutations of the original"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Porsche 911 celebrates 50 years of iconic motoring - Autoblog Porsche 911 celebrates 50 years of iconic motoring - Autoblog [PAR] Autoblog [PAR] Steven J. Ewing [PAR] Back in 1963, Porsche debuted the very first 911 at the Frankfurt Motor Show . And over the last 50 years, that coupe has grown to become one of the most iconic sports cars of all time. That in mind, you could easily chalk up this 50th Anniversary model as just one of the many special edition 911s that have graced our roads over the years, but dig a bit deeper and you'll see that this one is far more than just some unique paint and different wheels. [PAR] For starters, the 911 50th Anniversary Edition utilizes the wider Carrera 4/4S body, but retains its standard rear-wheel-drive configuration. Power comes from the Carrera S' 3.8-liter flat-six engine, but features a Powerkit upgrade that includes the Sport Chrono package and ups overall output to 400 horsepower and 430 pound-feet of torque. Hitting 60 miles per hour takes just 3.8 seconds if the car is fitted with Porsche's dual-clutch PDK gearbox, or 4.2 seconds if you choose the row-your-own seven-speed manual. Talk about going Over The Hill with a quickness. [PAR] Despite looking pretty tame, we're really hot on the appearance of this special 911, with its throwback flat gray paint job and new 20-inch wheels that look remarkably similar to the original Fuchs alloys of the 1963 model. Inside, you'll find green lettering on the instrument displays, white pointer needles and silver accents, and the leather seats have a fabric insert that's similar to the Pepita cloth from the original 911. [PAR] Just 1963 examples will be manufactured (we see what you did there, Porsche), with a starting price of $124,100 plus $950 for delivery. Turning 50 never looked so good. Scroll down for Porsche's press blast, and check out our new brace of images in the gallery above. [PAR] Show full PR text [PAR] 911 50th Anniversary Edition [PAR] ATLANTA, June 3, 2013 - The Porsche 911 resolves apparent contradictions like no other sports car - such as between tradition and innovation or between exclusivity and high social acceptance, and of course between performance and efficiency. And so, Porsche is celebrating the 50th anniversary of the 911 at the International Motor Show (IAA) in Frankfurt with a special anniversary model based on the 911 Carrera S: like the original 911, the 911 50th Anniversary Edition is a coupe with a flat-six rear engine and rear wheel drive. Its efficient performance, active sport suspension - and special body have current relevancy: the anniversary 911 features the wide body, which is typically reserved for the all-wheel drive Carrera 4 models. This special edition will be limited to 1963 cars, a number that represents the year of the 911 world premiere. [PAR] For the US market, the 911 50th Anniversary Edition will be equipped as standard with a Powerkit, which increases engine performance to 430 hp and includes the Sport Chrono Package. The 911 50th Anniversary Edition sprints from zero to 60 mph in 4.2 seconds (3.8 with PDK) and can reach a top speed of 186 mph (185 with PDK). The limited edition models will be available at Porsche dealers this fall and will be priced from $124,100, not including a $950 destination charge. [PAR] Porsche will present the limited edition model in time for the 50th anniversary of the 911 at the IAA motor show in Frankfurt, which opens its gates to the public on September 12, 2013. In 1963, Porsche presented"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kyudo \u2014 Encyclopedia of Japan Kyudo \u2014 Encyclopedia of Japan [PAR] Brief Overview of Japanese Art of Archery [PAR] Traditional Art of Archery using Japanese Bow and Arrow [PAR] \"Kyudo\" is a Japanese martial art in which the mind and body are trained through a series of conduct in shooting a Japanese bow and arrow at a target. It developed long ago as Kyujutsu (the art of Japanese archery) for tactics and military art, and today it's also considered a sport or a healthful exercise. Meanwhile, some schools from ancient times still exist and are preserving the traditional school while coexisting with modern Kyudo. [PAR] Difference with the Western Art of Archery [PAR] Japanese Kyudo developed independently and has its own technique, culture, and history, and is totally different from modern sports like archery, based upon Tankyu (short bow) from Europe. Historically known as; Kyujutsu, Shajutsu, or Shagei, but at present, traditional Yumiire/Kyusha (\u5f13\u5c04) culture in Japan is called 'Kyudo (Japanese art of archery)' and the term 'Kyujutsu' is often used to distinguish the old martial art before it changed to 'Kyudo.' However, some schools are still in existence which use the term 'Kyujutsu' to maintain a strict Tradition and others use the term 'Kyudo' even though they maintain a Traditional School, so, the borderline between 'Kyudo' and 'Kyujutsu' is not necessarily clear nor classified clearly from the aspect of concept and technique. [PAR] Uniquely Developed in the Long History of Japan [PAR] It's not sure when Japanese Kyudo was systematized as a \"technique\" not only because of the lack of clear records, but also partly because the use of the bow and arrow began in prehistoric times. It is possible that in the Yayoi Period a technique existed for shooting a bow and arrow which was the original present day Wakyu (Japanese long bow with long upper half and short lower half - mentioned below) used in battle, but the details are not known. At the end of the Asuka Period, since the establishment of \"Taisha-rokuho\" by Emperor Monmu, Reisha and rules of decorum for Yumiire began to be gradually organized and the technique was also systematized and established as \"Kyudo\" at the same time, based on the simple technique of shooting. On the other hand, not only was a bow used as a weapon for hunting and for battle, but also Yumiya/Kyushi (bow and arrow) were believed to have spiritual power, so that in Nara Period dedications of Yumiya and Yumiire shrine rituals were performed, which became the origin of present festivals and shrine rituals in various places. [PAR] A Way to discipline the Mind and Body of Samurai [PAR] In the Heian Period some schools of Kyudo were founded and each school had their own technique, lesson style, and mannerisms. In the battlefields, festival events and Kojitsu (ancient practices of customs) or annual events at the Imperial Court, each school of Kyudo had flourished and developed. Around the middle of the Sengoku Period, the introduction of firearms retired bows and arrows from actual fighting in battlefields, but Kyudo kept the same status as a martial art even after departing the actual fighting, and remained popular as a martial art for Samurai and a way to discipline the mind and body in the peaceful Edo Period. Over time, its technique and equipment had been improved and each school developed individually at the same time. [PAR] Kyudo was completed in the Edo Period [PAR] As some schools had lesson which simulated actual battlefield conditions, their lessons were more varied than those of today's Kyudo. However, around the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Machine gun,Machine gun inventors | edubilla.com Machine gun,Machine gun inventors | edubilla.com [PAR] : Weapons [PAR] About Invention [PAR] A machine gun is a fully automatic mounted or portable firearm, usually designed to fire bullets in quick succession from an ammunition belt or magazine, typically at a rate of three to eighteen hundred rounds per minute. [PAR] Fully automatic weapons are generally categorized as submachine guns, machine guns, or autocannons. Submachine guns are hand-held automatic weapons for personal defense or short-range combat firing pistol-caliber rounds. A machine gun is often portable to a certain degree, but is generally used when attached to a mount or fired from the ground on a bipod or tripod, and generally fires a rifle cartridge and is capable of sustained fire. Light machine guns are small enough to be fired hand-held, but are more effective when fired from a prone position. The difference between machine guns and autocannons is based on caliber, with autocannons using calibers larger than 16 mm.,and whether the gun fires conventional bullets or explosive rounds. Guns firing large-caliber explosive rounds are generally considered either autocannons or automatic grenade launchers (\"grenade machine guns\"). In contrast to submachine guns and autocannons, machine guns (like rifles) tend to have a very high ratio of barrel length to caliber (a long barrel for a small caliber); indeed, a true machine gun is essentially a fully automatic rifle, and often the primary criterion for a machine gun as opposed to an automatic rifle is the presence of a quick-change barrel or other cooling system. Automatic rifles and (more commonly) assault rifles may be capable of fully automatic fire, but are not designed for sustained fire. [PAR] In United States gun law, machine gun is a technical term for any fully automatic firearm, and also for any component or part that will modify an existing firearm such that it functions as a fully automatic firearm. [PAR] History [PAR] It would not be until the mid-19th century that successful machine-gun designs came into existence. The key characteristic of modern machine guns, their relatively high rate of fire and more importantly machine (automatic) loading, came with the Model 1862 Gatling gun, which was adopted by the United States Navy. These weapons were still powered by hand; however, this changed with Hiram Maxim's idea of harnessing recoil energy to power reloading in his Maxim machine gun. Dr. Gatling also experimented with electric-motor-powered models; this externally powered machine reloading has seen use in modern weapons as well. The Vandenburg and Miltrailleuse volley (organ) gun concepts have been revived partially in the early 21st century in the form of electronically controlled, multibarreled volley guns. It is important to note that what exactly constitutes a machine gun, and whether volley guns are a type of machine gun, and to what extent some earlier types of devices are considered to be like machine guns, is a matter of debate in many cases and can vary depending which language and exact definition is used. [PAR] Early rapid-firing weapons [PAR] The first known ancestors of multi-shot weapons were early revolvers made in Europe in the late 1500s. One is a shoulder-gun-length weapon made in Nuremberg, Germany, circa 1580. Another is a revolving arquebus, produced by Hans Stopler of Nuremberg in 1597. [PAR] Another large, early repeating was created by James Puckle, a London lawyer, who patented what he called \"The Puckle Gun\" on May 15, 1718. It was a design for a 1 in. (25.4 mm) caliber, flintlock revolver cannon able to fire 9 rounds before reloading, intended for use on ships.According to Puckle,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital of South Australia - The Free Dictionary Capital of South Australia - definition of Capital of South Australia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Capital of South Australia - definition of Capital of South Australia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Capital+of+South+Australia [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to Capital of South Australia: leveret [PAR] Ad\u00b7e\u00b7laide [PAR] (\u0103d\u2032l-\u0101d\u2032) [PAR] A city of southern Australia northwest of Melbourne. Founded in 1836, Adelaide is the capital of South Australia. [PAR] Adelaide [PAR] (\u02c8\u00e6d\u026a\u02ccle\u026ad) [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) the capital of South Australia: Port Adelaide, 11 km (7 miles) away on St Vincent Gulf, handles the bulk of exports. Pop: 1 225 235 (2011) [PAR] Ad\u2022e\u2022laide [PAR] a city in and the capital of South Australia, in Australia. 1,050,000. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Adelaide - the state capital of South Australia [PAR] South Australia - a state in south central Australia [PAR] Translations [PAR] Adelaide [PAR] [\u02c8\u00e6d\u0259le\u026ad] N \u2192 Adelaida f [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] South Australia [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] As the cosmopolitan coastal capital of South Australia, Adelaide is home to renowned museums such as the Art Gallery of South Australia, displaying expansive collections including noted indigenous art, and the South Australian Museum, devoted to natural history. [PAR] Uni uncovers Adelaide heritage [PAR] BONUS WINNER: SARA MYERS, OUTWOOD, WAKEFIELD ACROSS DOWN 1 Soviet astronaut (9) 6 &7A HaveIGot News For You team captain (3,6) 7 See 6 Across 10 Flood, overwhelm (8) 12 Substance added to the water supply to reduce tooth decay (8) 14 Make less effective (6) 15 See 2 Down 16 In Seattle, film starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan (9) 2 & 15A British rock group who opened the Live Aid concert in 1985 (6,3) 3 Flying (8) 4 Charge for using a road, bridge, etc (4) 5 Engaged in work (8) 8 Common word for the trachea (8) 9 State capital of South Australia (8) 11 Vital statistic? [PAR] PS100 Bonus Crossword [PAR] The bustling capital of South Australia certainly packs a punch. [PAR] ON THE ROCKS; Kim Pilling enjoys breathta aking views and some spiritual enlight tenment on a journey to the heart of f Australia [PAR] Iconic sites The bustling capital of South Australia certainly packs a punch.[DOC] [TLE] Capital Cities of Australia - Overview Capital Cities of Australia - Overview [PAR] \u2022 Adelaide, South Australia [PAR] The capital of South Australia, Adelaide, is on Gulf St Vincent which leads through Investigator Strait to the Southern Ocean . As with most major Australian cities, a river runs through the city, and in Adelaide this is the Torrens. The larger, longer Murray River empties into Lake Alexandrina and into the ocean southeast of Adelaide on the eastern side of the Fleurieu Peninsula . Adelaide city centre has streets laid out in a grid surrounded by parklands. Adelaide is named after Queen Adelaide, German-born consort of England's King William IV. More \u00bb [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Tipping Etiquette Around the World [PAR] Brisbane skyline \u00a9 Tourism Queensland. Brisbane skyline \u00a9 Tourism Queensland [PAR] \u2022 Brisbane, Queensland [PAR] Brisbane, capital of Queensland, is located on the southeastern side of the state, just north of the Gold Coast . The city has grown alongside the meandering Brisbane River with the city's eastern suburbs fronting Moreton Bay on the western side of the Pacific"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of King Solomon From The Bible - Sharefaith History of King Solomon From The Bible [PAR] King Solomon Reigned During the Glory Days of Israel [PAR] Solomon had the unique and distinctive privilege and opportunity to be king over 12 united tribes of Israel at its zenith, the short-lived glory days of Israel. Early in his reign, the Lord asked Solomon in a dream, \u201cWhat shall I give you?\u201d Solomon asked for an understanding heart to judge God' people, wisdom and knowledge, and the ability to discern between good and evil. [PAR] God blessed Solomon with wisdom and understanding, and exalted him in the sight of Israel. His wisdom quickly became known worldwide and his wealth exceeded all the kings in the world. Solomon spoke 3,000 proverbs, wrote 1,005 songs, the book of Ecclesiastes and the Song of Solomon. He accumulated knowledge of trees, animals, birds, fish and more. Men came from all nations to hear the wisdom of Solomon. [PAR] In his fourth year, King Solomon began building the temple of the Lord according to the blueprints that God revealed to David. It was constructed in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah. The temple was approximately 90 feet long by 30 feet wide, and three stories high. David had contributed his personal wealth and extensive amounts of timber, stone, iron, bronze, silver and gold. Solomon, too, personally purchased imported lumber and stone. Almost 200,000 of his own people labored to transport materials to Jerusalem.The interior of the temple was decorated with detailed carvings and plated with over 20 tons of gold. It took seven years to construct, but when it was finished, it was one of a kind. [PAR] Solomon invited everyone in the kingdom to the dedication of the temple. A grand procession conducted the Ark of the Covenant to its location in the temple's inner chamber, the Holy of Holies. When the Ark was positioned, the glory of the Lord in the form of a cloud filled the temple. It was so intense the priests had to go outside. [PAR] On an elevated scaffold made especially for the occasion, Solomon prayed on his knees with his hands held high. When Solomon had finished praying, the fire of God came down from heaven and consumed all the offerings and sacrifices and the glory of the Lord filled the temple. When all the children of Israel saw how the fire came down and the glory of the Lord shining bright, they fell to their knees and face down, worshiped and praised the Lord. There was a great celebration that lasted three weeks. When the dedication festivities ended, everyone went home joyful for God's blessings on Solomon and all of Israel. [PAR] The Lord appeared again to Solomon, assuring him that his prayer had been heard. God said that He would abundantly bless and dwell with Israel, if they kept Him first, and that He would be with Solomon, \u201cIf you keep My statutes and My judgments, then I will establish the throne of your kingdom, as I covenanted with David your father, saying, You shall not fail to have a man as ruler in Israel.\u201d But God included a stern warning that there would be severe consequences if Solomon and the people of Israel turned away from Him and worshipped idols. \u201cI will uproot them from My land which I have given them, and this house which I have sanctified for My name I will cast out of My sight.\u201d [PAR] The queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, and came to Jerusalem. Solomon answered all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream: Character List SparkNotes: A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream: Character List [PAR] A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream [PAR] A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream [PAR] William Shakespeare [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Puck - Also known as Robin Goodfellow, Puck is Oberon\u2019s jester, a mischievous fairy who delights in playing pranks on mortals. Though A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream divides its action between several groups of characters, Puck is the closest thing the play has to a protagonist. His enchanting, mischievous spirit pervades the atmosphere, and his antics are responsible for many of the complications that propel the other main plots: he mistakes the young Athenians, applying the love potion to Lysander instead of Demetrius, thereby causing chaos within the group of young lovers; he also transforms Bottom\u2019s head into that of an ass. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Puck. [PAR] Oberon - The king of the fairies, Oberon is initially at odds with his wife, Titania, because she refuses to relinquish control of a young Indian prince whom he wants for a knight. Oberon\u2019s desire for revenge on Titania leads him to send Puck to obtain the love-potion flower that creates so much of the play\u2019s confusion and farce. [PAR] Titania - The beautiful queen of the fairies, Titania resists the attempts of her husband, Oberon, to make a knight of the young Indian prince that she has been given. Titania\u2019s brief, potion-induced love for Nick Bottom, whose head Puck has transformed into that of an ass, yields the play\u2019s foremost example of the contrast motif. [PAR] Lysander - A young man of Athens, in love with Hermia. Lysander\u2019s relationship with Hermia invokes the theme of love\u2019s difficulty: he cannot marry her openly because Egeus, her father, wishes her to wed Demetrius; when Lysander and Hermia run away into the forest, Lysander becomes the victim of misapplied magic and wakes up in love with Helena. [PAR] Demetrius - A young man of Athens, initially in love with Hermia and ultimately in love with Helena. Demetrius\u2019s obstinate pursuit of Hermia throws love out of balance among the quartet of Athenian youths and precludes a symmetrical two-couple arrangement. [PAR] Hermia - Egeus\u2019s daughter, a young woman of Athens. Hermia is in love with Lysander and is a childhood friend of Helena. As a result of the fairies\u2019 mischief with Oberon\u2019s love potion, both Lysander and Demetrius suddenly fall in love with Helena. Self-conscious about her short stature, Hermia suspects that Helena has wooed the men with her height. By morning, however, Puck has sorted matters out with the love potion, and Lysander\u2019s love for Hermia is restored. [PAR] Helena - A young woman of Athens, in love with Demetrius. Demetrius and Helena were once betrothed, but when Demetrius met Helena\u2019s friend Hermia, he fell in love with her and abandoned Helena. Lacking confidence in her looks, Helena thinks that Demetrius and Lysander are mocking her when the fairies\u2019 mischief causes them to fall in love with her. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Helena. [PAR] Egeus - Hermia\u2019s father, who brings a complaint against his daughter to Theseus: Egeus has given Demetrius permission to marry Hermia, but Hermia, in love with Lysander, refuses to marry Demetrius. Egeus\u2019s severe insistence that Hermia either respect his wishes or be held accountable to Athenian law places him squarely outside the whimsical dream realm of the forest. [PAR] Theseus - The heroic duke of Athens, engaged to Hippolyta. Theseus represents power and order throughout the play. He appears only at the beginning and end of the story, removed from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Matthew Boulton Biography (1728-1809) - madehow.com Matthew Boulton Biography (1728-1809) [PAR] Matthew Boulton Biography (1728-1809) [PAR] Occupation [PAR] manufacturer and engineer [PAR] Matthew Boulton had a reputation as a restless man who constantly strove fornew innovations. He was born in Birmingham, England, on September 3, 1728, and became a partner in his father's buckle manufacturing business in 1750, which he eventually inherited in 1759. In 1761, he launched a new factory in Soho; after meeting Benjamin Franklin, however, he became more interested in thescientific and technological advancements of the day, particularly the development of steam engines. [PAR] In 1764, Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802; grandfather of naturalist Charles Darwin,1809-1882) proposed to Boulton the idea of building a steam-powered carriage. Three years later the two met Scottish engineer James Watt, and Boulton decided to join forces with him to further the development of steam power, a field still ripe with promise after the introduction in 1712 of Thomas Newcomen's problematic steam engine. [PAR] His chance came years later when, in 1772, inventor and close friend John Roebuck (1718-1794) went bankrupt and lost patents on his own, mostly unsuccessful, steam engine developments. Boulton acquired Roebuck's patents in 1775 andthen entered into a partnership with Watt. During the next decade, their engines were to become prime motivators of Europe's Industrial Revolution. The task Boulton and Watt set themselves was monstrous and fraught with financialdifficulties, legal battles, and mechanical delays. Yet they succeeded perhaps beyond anyone's expectations, for the new Boulton & Watt engines boasted an energy efficiency three times that of the most contemporary Newcomen engines. [PAR] During the 1780s Boulton's fame spread as he became the leading English manufacturer, the man who brought Watt's genius to fruition by means of his optimism and manufacturing expertise. He was quoted by James Boswell as saying, \"Isell here what all the world desires--power.\" In his later years, Boulton patented a steam-driven coin press that restored public confidence in the English monetary system and forced counterfeiters out of the business. A founding member of the prestigious Lunar Society of Birmingham, Boulton ranked at the time of his death, on August 17, 1809, as one of the most prominent figures among scientific circles of his time. [PAR] User Contributions:[DOC] [TLE] Matthew Boulton, James Watt and William Murdoch Birmingham - Matthew Boulton, James Watt and William Murdoch [PAR] Birmingham [PAR] [PAR] Description [PAR] Gilded bronze statue of the three men studying examining a plan of a steam engine. The names are inscribed under each person, from left to right: murdoch - boulton - watt: [PAR] Matthew Boulton (Birmingham 1728 - Birmingham 1809), English manufacturer and business partner of Scottish engineer James Watt. In the final quarter of the 18th century, the partnership installed hundreds of Boulton & Watt steam engines, which were a great advance on the state of the art, making possible the mechanisation of factories and mills ( Wikipedia ). [PAR] James Watt (Greenock, Renfrewshire 1736 - Handsworth, Birmingham 1819), Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world ( Wikipedia ). [PAR] William Murdoch (1754 - 1839), Scottish engineer and long-term inventor. Murdoch was employed by the firm of Boulton and Watt and worked for them in Cornwall, as a steam engine erector for ten years ( Wikipedia ). [PAR] Inscription(s)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rivals as a Parody of 18th Century :: essays research ... The Rivals as a Parody of 18th Century :: essays research papers [PAR] The Rivals as a Parody of 18th Century [PAR] Length: 1437 words (4.1 double-spaced pages) [PAR] Rating: Excellent [PAR] Open Document [PAR] A significant influencing factor on drama of the eighteenth century was the changing nature of the audience. By the middle of the eighteenth century, a straitlaced middle class audience had imparted to drama its vision of morality and disapproval of anything immoral. Comedy had become watered down and sentimentalized. Furthermore, the audience\u2019s rejection of unappealing facts following the ugly reality of the French Revolution and the American War of Independence, made emotionalism and tearfulness the order of the day. Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan were two playwrights who saw that if comedy were allowed free reign along this path of sentimentalism, it would signal the end of mirth. Both appreciated the power of pure comedy and the spirit of joyous laughter and wrote plays with situations that had no call for showing the redeeming features of vice and folly at the end, but just good healthy fun. [PAR] The Rivals too denounces the hollow morality and hypocrisy associated with the sentimental attitude then prevailing, projecting its writer\u2019s own ideal of a spontaneous and lively light-heartedness. The plot is based on confusion over identities and multiple suitors \u2013 a combination that leads to plenty of scope for truly funny situations: Absolute caught in the same room with both Mrs. Malaprop and Lydia present, having to play himself for one and Beverley for the other till the presence of Sir Anthony too prevents him from doing so successfully; Absolute humouring Mrs. Malaprop as himself and poking fun at her as Beverley in his note; Lydia\u2019s acceptance and rejection of the same man according to her romantic whims and fancies; the final duel where one man has to fight two rivals virtually simultaneously. Sheridan\u2019s skill is only underlined by the fact that in an age \u2013 and the performance house in which he produced plays \u2013 where spectacle, scenery and lighting had become indispensable to success, he achieved his comedy and triumph without recourse to any of it, merely on the strength of his own writing, wit and dialogue. [PAR] Sentimentalism is found largely in the characters of Lydia and Faulkland. Sheridan attacks their traits in the overall plot and theme in which he shows how a healthy deep love can be threatened by such fanciful thinking. The only \u2018redeeming\u2019 feature \u2013 probably in a reversal of the trend of soppy final redemptions - he shows at the end is that both are brought with a rude shock down to earth following the very real possibility of losing the partners they come to know they love deeply. [PAR] How to Cite this Page [PAR] MLA Citation: [PAR] Sort By: [PAR] [PAR] The satire against sentimentalism is found in the exchanges between Lydia and Julia and Faulkland and Absolute, as the voices of Sheridan\u2019s more practical and solid sense of love battle the stupidity of \u2018sentimental\u2019 love. Julia contrasts Lydia\u2019s immaturity by her own sensible behaviour and tells her cousin that her conduct in love is laughable and that she \u201cearnestly entreat(s)\u201d her not to sacrifice her sincere lover to her \u201ccaprice\u201d. Lydia sighing for an elopement that will disinherit her so that she can live a life of pennilessness with an ensign for whom she has rejected a richer suitor is as ludicrous as Faulkland\u2019s sighing and anxiousness over his love \u2013 his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Bell Jar: Context SparkNotes: The Bell Jar: Context [PAR] The Bell Jar [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] The Bell Jar is an autobiographical novel that conforms closely to the events of the author\u2019s life. Sylvia Plath was born to Otto and Aurelia Plath in 1932 and spent her early childhood in the seaport town of Winthrop, Massachusetts. Otto Plath died when Plath was eight years old, and she moved with her mother, younger brother, and maternal grandparents to Wellesley, an inland suburb of Boston. Plath excelled in school and developed a strong interest in writing and drawing. In 1950, she won a scholarship to attend Smith College, where she majored in English. The Bell Jar recounts, in slightly fictionalized form, the events of the summer and autumn after Plath\u2019s junior year. Like Esther, the protagonist of The Bell Jar, Plath was invited to serve as guest editor for a woman\u2019s magazine in New York. After returning to Wellesley for the remainder of the summer, she had a nervous breakdown and attempted suicide. [PAR] Plath went on to complete a highly successful college career. She won the prestigious Fulbright scholarship to study at Cambridge University in England, where she met the English poet Ted Hughes. They married in 1956, and after a brief stint in the United States, where Plath taught at Smith, they moved back to England in 1959. Plath gave birth to her first child, Freda, the following year. The same year, she published The Colossus, her first volume of poetry. Her second child, Nicholas, was born in 1962. Hughes and Plath separated shortly afterward; her instability and his affair with another woman had placed great strain on their marriage. Plath and her children moved to a flat in London, where she continued to write poetry. The poems she wrote at this time were later published in a collection titled Ariel (1965). In February 1963, she gassed herself in her kitchen, ending her life at the age of thirty-one. [PAR] Plath most likely wrote a first draft of The Bell Jar in the late 1950s. In 1961 she received a fellowship that allowed her to complete the novel. The Bell Jar was published in London in January 1963 under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas. Plath chose to publish the work under a pseudonym in order to protect the people she portrayed in the novel, and because she was uncertain of the novel\u2019s literary merit. The novel appeared posthumously in England under her own name in 1966, and in America, over the objections of her mother, in 1971. The Bell Jar has received moderate critical acclaim, and has long been valued not only as a glimpse into the psyche of a major poet, but as a witty and harrowing American coming-of-age story. Plath is primarily known not as a novelist, but as an outstanding poet. Ariel cemented her reputation as a great artist. Her other volumes of poetry, published posthumously, include Crossing the Water (1971), Winter Trees (1971), and The Collected Poems (1981), which won the Pulitzer Prize. [PAR] Sylvia Plath\u2019s literary persona has always provoked extreme reactions. Onlookers tend to mythologize Plath either as a feminist martyr or a tragic heroine. The feminist martyr version of her life holds that Plath was driven over the edge by her misogynist husband, and sacrificed on the altar of pre-feminist, repressive 1950s America. The tragic heroine version of her life casts Plath as a talented but doomed young woman, unable to deal with the pressures of society because of her debilitating mental illness. Although neither myth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Joshua Reynolds, Painter - Timeline Index Sir Joshua Reynolds, Painter - Timeline Index [PAR] Timeline Index [PAR] Sir Joshua Reynolds, Painter [PAR] Sir Joshua Reynolds, English portrait painter and aesthetician who dominated English artistic life in the middle and late 18th century. Through his art and teaching, he attempted to lead British painting away from the indigenous anecdotal pictures of the early 18th century toward the formal rhetoric of the continental Grand Style. With the founding of the Royal Academy in 1768, Reynolds was elected its first president and knighted by King George III. [PAR] More on this Website"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tritanopia | definition of tritanopia by Medical dictionary Tritanopia | definition of tritanopia by Medical dictionary [PAR] Tritanopia | definition of tritanopia by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tritanopia [PAR] Related to tritanopia: deuteranopia , tritanomaly [PAR] tritanopia [PAR] [tri\u2033tah-no\u00b4pe-ah] [PAR] defective color vision in which the blue-sensitive pigment of the retinal cones is absent. adj., adj tritanop\u00b4ic. [PAR] tri\u00b7ta\u00b7no\u00b7pi\u00b7a [PAR] (tr\u012b't\u0103-n\u014d'p\u0113-\u0103), [MIM*190900] [PAR] Deficient color perception in which there is an absence of blue-sensitive pigment in the retinal cones. [PAR] [G. tritos, third, + an- priv. + \u014dps, eye] [PAR] tritanopia [PAR] /tri\u00b7ta\u00b7no\u00b7pia/ (tri\u2033tah-no\u00b4pe-ah) a rare type of dichromatic vision marked by retention of the sensory mechanism for two hues only (red and green), with blue and yellow being absent.tritanop\u00b4ic [PAR] tritanopia [PAR] A visual defect characterized by the inability to discern blue and yellow. [PAR] tri\u00b7ta\u00b7no\u00b7pi\u00b7a [PAR] (tr\u012b't\u0103-n\u014d'p\u0113-\u0103) [PAR] Deficient color perception in which there is an absence of blue-sensitive pigment in the retinal cones. [PAR] [G. tritos, third, + an- priv. + \u014dps, eye] [PAR] tritanopia [PAR] Unable to appreciate the colour blue. This is a rare defect of colour perception. [PAR] tritanopia [PAR] A rare type of dichromatism in which blue and yellow are confused. The tritanope only sees two colours: reds on the long-wave side, and greens or bluish greens on the other side of his neutral point, which is situated around 570 nm. Tritanopia occurs more often as an acquired type as a result of retinal disease or detachment, glaucoma, diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, etc. Congenital tritanopia is very rare: it is estimated at about five males and three females in 100 000. Syn. blue blindness; blue-yellow blindness. See defective colour vision; dichromatism ; pseudoisochromatic plates ; Farnsworth test. [PAR] tri\u00b7ta\u00b7no\u00b7pi\u00b7a [PAR] (tr\u012b't\u0103-n\u014d'p\u0113-\u0103) [MIM*190900][DOC] [TLE] Blue blindness - definition of blue blindness by The Free ... Blue blindness - definition of blue blindness by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Blue blindness - definition of blue blindness by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/blue+blindness [PAR] tri\u00b7tan\u00b7o\u00b7pi\u00b7a [PAR] (tr\u012b\u2032t\u0259-n\u014d\u2032p\u0113-\u0259) [PAR] n. [PAR] A visual defect characterized by the inability to discern blue and yellow. [PAR] [Greek tritos, third; see trei- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + Greek an\u014dpi\u0101, blindness (an-, not; see a-1 + -\u014dpi\u0101, -opia), so called because blue is considered the third of the primary colors.] [PAR] tritanopia [PAR] (\u02cctra\u026at\u0259\u02c8n\u0259\u028ap\u026a\u0259; \u02cctr\u026at-) [PAR] n [PAR] (Pathology) a form of colour blindness in which there is a tendency to confuse blues and greens and in which sensitivity to blue is reduced [PAR] [C19/20: from New Latin, from Greek tritos third + New Latin anopia blindness; signifying that only two thirds of the spectrum can be distinguished] [PAR] tritanopic adj [PAR] tritanopia [PAR] a defect of the eyesight in which the retina does not respond to blue and yellow. \u2014 tritanope, n. \u2014 tritanopic, adj. [PAR] See also: Eyes [PAR] a defect of the eyesight in which the retina does not respond to blue and yellow. \u2014 tritanope, n. \u2014 tritanopic, adj."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1990 FIFA World Cup - Football Wiki - Wikia 1990 FIFA World Cup | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1990 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] 1990 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Coppa del Mondo FIFA Italia '90 [PAR] 1990 FIFA World Cup official logo [PAR] Tournament details [PAR] 1994 \u2192 [PAR] The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial international football world championship tournament. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event twice (the first being Mexico in 1986 ). Teams representing 116 national football associations entered, and qualification began in April 1988. A total of 22 teams qualified from this process, along with host nation Italy and defending champion Argentina . [PAR] The tournament was won by West Germany , their third World Cup title. They beat Argentina 1\u20130 in the final , a rematch of the previous final four years earlier. Italy finished third, and England fourth, after both lost their semi-finals in penalty shootouts. This was the last tournament to feature a team from the divided Germany, with the country being reunified later in 1990. Costa Rica , Ireland and the UAE made their first appearances in the finals, and Egypt its first since 1934. The official match ball was the Adidas Etrusco Unico. [PAR] The 1990 World Cup is widely regarded as one of the poorest World Cups. It generated an average 2.21 goals per game \u2013 a record low that still stands \u2013 and a then-record 16 red cards, including the first ever dismissal in a final. This World Cup saw the introduction of the pre-match Fair Play Flag (then inscribed with \"Fair Play Please\") to encourage fair play. Negative tactics led to the introduction of the back-pass rule in 1992, and three points for a win instead of two at future World Cups. [PAR] Nonetheless, the 1990 World Cup stands as one of the most watched events in television history, garnering an estimated 26.69 billion non-unique viewers over the course of the tournament. This was the first World Cup to be officially recorded and transmitted in HDTV by the Italian broadcaster RAI in association with Japan's NHK. At the time it was the most watched World Cup in history in non-unique viewers, but was bettered by the 1994 and 2002 World Cups . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Host selection [PAR] The vote to choose the hosts of the 1990 tournament was held on 19 May 1984 in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. Here, the FIFA Executive Committee chose Italy ahead of the only rival bid, the USSR, by 11 votes to 5. This awarding made Italy only the second nation to host two World Cup tournaments, after Mexico had also achieved this with their 1986 staging . Italy had previously had the event in 1934 , where they had won their first championship. [PAR] Austria, England, France, Greece, West Germany and Yugoslavia also submitted initial applications for 31 July 1983 deadline. A month later, only England, Greece, Italy and the Soviet Union remained in the hunt after the other contenders all withdrew. All four bids were assessed by FIFA in late 1983, with the final decision over-running into 1984 due to the volume"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Temujin: Birth name of the Mongol leader better known as ... Temujin Birth name of the Mongol leader better known as - HISTORY - 101 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Temujin: Birth name of the Mongol leader better known as Chinggis Khan (1162\u20131227). ( pron . TEM-uh-jin) Turks: Turkic speakers from Central Asia, originally nomads, who spread westward into the Near East and into India; they created a series of nomadic empires between 552 and 965 C.E. but had a more lasting impact on world history when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland and founded a series of states and empires there. Xiongnu: People of the Mongolian steppe lands north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire in the third and second centuries B.C.E. ( pron . SHE-OONG-noo) Yuan dynasty: Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; its name means \u201cgreat beginnings.\u201d ( pron . yu-wen) [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] BIG PICTURE QUESTIONS 1. Prior to the rise of the Mongols, in what ways had pastoral peoples been significant in world history? 2. What accounts for the often negative attitudes of settled societies toward the pastoral peoples living on their borders? Why have historians often neglected pastoral peoples\u2019 role in world history? 3. In what ways did the Mongol Empire resemble other empires, and in what ways did it differ from them? Why did it last a relatively short time? 4. In what different ways did Mongol rule affect the Islamic world, Russia, China, and Europe? [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] TERM [PAR] Notes Chapter 16 Science and Religion [PAR] London High School [PAR] Unit 4: THE EARLY MODERN WORLD 14501750 CHAPTER 16 Religion and Science CHAPTER LEARN [PAR] Notes Chapter 16 Science and Religion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great fictional characters from Scotland \u2014 The Official ... Great fictional characters from Scotland \u2014 The Official Gateway to Scotland [PAR] Great fictional characters from Scotland [PAR] Harry Potter [PAR] The biggest phenomenon in 21st century children's fiction was brought to life in Scotland's capital city. [PAR] J K Rowling famously wrote the first of her Harry Potter books in a series of cafes in her adopted home of Edinburgh. [PAR] Her stories of the bespectacled boy wizard and his adventures at Hogwarts' school have since become an incredible global success. [PAR] The series has sold more than 450 million books in 67 languages, set records as the fastest-selling books in history and been turned into a series of big budget Hollywood movies which continue to break box office records. [PAR] Toad of Toad Hall [PAR] Despite being written more than a century ago, Kenneth Grahame's tale of the riverbank and the rich cast of animal characters that inhabit it is still much loved by children of all ages. [PAR] The largest of life of all of these characters is without doubt the impulsive Mr Toad. Known for his love of fast cars and the sound of his own voice, Toad constantly gets into trouble, including being jailed, but always bounces back. [PAR] Edinburgh-born Kenneth Grahame's 1908 children's classic started out as a series of bedtime stories for his son Alastair. [PAR] Some have suggested 'The Wind in the Willows' was inspired by the Crinan Canal because Grahame spent some of his childhood in Ardrishaig, Argyll. [PAR] Sherlock Holmes [PAR] The world's best known detective Sherlock Holmes was created by Edinburgh born writer Arthur Conan Doyle. [PAR] The character of Holmes was said to have been inspired by Dr Joseph Bell for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. [PAR] Famous for his logical reasoning and his use of forensic science skills to solve difficult cases, Holmes made his literary debut in 1887 and has grown in popularity ever since. [PAR] The Guinness World Records has consistently listed Sherlock Holmes as the 'most portrayed movie character' with 75 actors playing the part in over 200 films. [PAR] Peter Pan [PAR] Scottish author and dramatist J.M. Barrie found international success and acclaim with his immortal - figuratively and literally - creation, Peter Pan. [PAR] The enduring story of Peter, the boy who refuses to grow up, Wendy and the Lost Boys has enchanted both adults and children across the world. [PAR] First performed as a stage play in 1904, Disney's iconic feature-length animated cartoon brought the adventures of Peter, Wendy, Captain Hook and Tinker Bell to the big screen in 1953. [PAR] Today, over 100 years after the play first debuted on the London stage and more than 70 years affter Barrie's death, Peter Pan still fires the imagination. [PAR] The 2004 film 'Finding Neverland' turned the story of how Barrie was inspired to write Peter Pan into a critically acclaimed movie starring Johnny Depp and Kate Winslet. [PAR] Long John Silver [PAR] Stevenson's swashbuckling pirate villain Long John Silver is without doubt one of the most powerful and formidable characters in literature. [PAR] Cunning, disloyal and a cold blooded murderer, Silver can also be extremely charismatic and is quick to inspire trust in those who meet him. He also seems to have a genuine fondness for the story's young protagonist Jim Hawkins and eventually becomes a father figure to the boy. [PAR] Stevenson's 1883 adventure novel 'Treasure Island' and the character of Long John Silver has greatly influenced today's popular perception of pirates"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carrina Patisserie - Glossary Carrina Patisserie - Glossary [PAR] Glossary [PAR] Your Cart is currently empty. [PAR] Glossary [PAR] Baba au rhum is a small yeast cake saturated in liquor, usually rum, and sometimes filled with cream. It is most typically made in individual servings (about a 2\" tall slightly tapered cylinder) but sometimes can be made in larger forms similar to those used for Bundt cakes. The term baba is a generic Polish name for a kind of yeast cake, abundant in Polish cuisine. It was invented by a French chef for exiled Polish King Stanislas Leszczynski in Lorraine in the eighteenth century. According to the legend, the King really enjoyed The Arabian Nights and the dessert's name comes from Ali Baba, one of the book's main characters. [PAR] BAKING SODA: Baking soda, or Sodium Bicarbonate is an alkali that requires the presence of an acid in the dough or batter to begin the leavening process; it reacts to being moistened. [PAR] BAKING POWDER: Used to leaven cakes and pastries, it is composed of baking soda and two acids, calcium acid phosphate and sodium aluminum sulfate creating two chemical reactions, one when moistened, the other when exposed to heat. Also, starch is found in baking powder to stabilize it and neutralize the chemical reaction; as well as to absorb the excess moisture in the air. [PAR] BISCUIT: A type of batter used to make sponge sheets or fingers. Also indicates a batter where the yolks and whites are whipped separately and folded together. [PAR] Brioche is a light but rich French bread or cake made with a yeast dough enriched with eggs, milk, and butter. The crust is glazed before baking and turns a deep golden brown. The crumb is delicate and pale yellow in colour. In Paris, it is traditionally baked in a fluted tin with a smaller ball of dough placed on top, either as buns or as one large loaf, but other shapes and preparations are traditional in different parts of France. The word brioche first appeared in print in 1404, and this bread is believed to have sprung from a traditional Norman recipe. It is often served as a pastry or as the basis of a dessert, with many local variations in added ingredients, fillings and toppings [PAR] Brittle: It is a sugar cooked with water and glucose syrup. When it starts caramelize almonds and hazelnuts are added and cooked slightly. [PAR] BUCHE DE NOEL: French name for a traditional Christmas cake which is decorated as a Christmas log . [PAR] BUTTER: Made from pasteurized cream mechanically churned to separate the fat granules from the liquid buttermilk. Required to contain a minimum of 80% milk fat; the other 20% is water mixed with milk solids. Salt and colouring may be added. [PAR] BUTTERCREAM: There are many varieties of buttercream used in a pastry kitchen; most buttercreams contain unsalted butter, either egg yolks or egg whites, sugar and flavourings. In most cases, the butter is double the weight of the sugar, incorporating as much air as possible. [PAR] [PAR] Canel\u00e9 is a small French pastry with a soft and tender custard center and a dark, thick caramelized crust. The dessert, which is in the shape of small, striated cylinder approximately two inches in height, is a specialty of the Bordeaux region of France but can often be found in Parisian patisseries as well. Made from egg, milk and flour flavored with rum and vanilla, the custard batter is baked in a mold, giving the canel\u00e9 a caramelized crust and marrowy inside. [PAR] CAREME: Marie-Antoine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Superstitions in Britain - British Life and Culture in the UK British Superstitions [PAR] Superstitions can be defined as, \"irrational beliefs, especially with regard to the unknown\" [PAR] (Collins English Dictionary) [PAR] General Superstitions [PAR] Good Luck [PAR] Lucky to meet a black cat. Black Cats are featured on many good luck greetings cards and birthday cards in England. [PAR] Lucky to touch wood. We touch; knock on wood, to make something come true. [PAR] Lucky to find a clover plant with four leaves. [PAR] White heather is lucky. [PAR] A horseshoe over the door brings good luck. But the horseshoe needs to be the right way up. The luck runs out of the horseshoe if it is upside down. [PAR] Horseshoes are generally a sign of good luck and feature on many good luck cards. [PAR] On the first day of the month it is lucky to say \" white rabbits, white rabbits white rabbits ,\" before uttering your first word of the day. [PAR] Catch falling leaves in Autumn and you will have good luck. Every leaf means a lucky month next year. [PAR] Cut your hair when the moon is waxing and you will have good luck. [PAR] Putting money in the pocket of new clothes brings good luck. [PAR] Bad Luck [PAR] Unlucky to walk underneath a ladder. [PAR] Seven years bad luck to break a mirror. The superstition is supposed to have originated in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. [PAR] Unlucky to see one magpie, lucky to see two, etc.. [PAR] Unlucky to spill salt. If you do, you must throw it over your shoulder to counteract the bad luck. [PAR] Unlucky to open an umbrella in doors. [PAR] The number thirteen is unlucky. Friday the thirteenth is a very unlucky day. Friday is considered to be an unlucky day because Jesus was crucified on a Friday. [PAR] Unlucky to put new shoes on the table. [PAR] Unlucky to pass someone on the stairs. [PAR] Food Superstitions [PAR] When finished eating a boiled egg, push the spoon through the bottom of the empty shell to let the devil out [PAR] In Yorkshire, housewives used to believe that bread would not rise if there was a corpse (dead body) in the vicinity, and to cut off both ends of the loaf would make the Devil fly over the house! [PAR] Table Superstitions [PAR] If you drop a table knife expect a male visitor, if you drop a fork a female visitor. [PAR] Crossed cutlery on your plate and expect a quarrel. [PAR] Leave a white tablecloth on a table overnight and expect a death. [PAR] Animal Superstitions [PAR] Animals feature a lot in our superstitions as they do in superstitions around the world. [PAR] One ancient British superstition holds that if a child rides on a bear's back it will be protected from whooping-cough. (Bears used to roam Britain but now they are not seen on our shores) [PAR] In some parts of the UK meeting two or three Ravens together is considered really bad. One very English superstition concerns the tame Ravens at the Tower of London . It is believed if they leave then the crown of England will be lost. [PAR] It is said to be bad luck if you see bats flying and hear their cries. In the middle ages it was believed that witches were closely associated with bats. [PAR] If a Sparrow enters a house it is an omen of death to one of the people who live there. In some"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bradley Walsh :: TV :: The Chase - Meet the Chasers Bradley Walsh :: TV :: The Chase - Meet the Chasers [PAR] The Chase - Meet the Chasers [PAR] The Chase - Meet the Chasers [PAR] Bradley Walsh hosts the show, but the brains behind The Chase are the four Chasers who aim to beat the contestants. [PAR] Paul Sinha [PAR] Paul Sinha, is brand new to the show and will be seen in series 4. He is a qualified GP and an award winning stand-up comedian, but has a passion for quizzes. Although he has appeared on Are You An Egghead?, Brain of Britain, Mastermind, University Challenge and The Weakest Link he has yet to win any of them, but has come close. [PAR] He achieves a high ranking at the British Quiz Association, but will that be enough to beat the contestants in Series 4? [PAR] Mark Labbett [PAR] Mark Labbett, otherwise known as The Beast has appeared twice on Who Wants to be a Millionaire? winning a total of \u00a348,000. He came second in The National Lottery People's Quiz, and won BBC Four quiz Only Connect. He has been on Mastermind, University Challenge, 15 to 1 and even put up his own \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1,000 to compete on the knock out tournament \"Grand Slam\". [PAR] Mark is a maths teacher from Wales, and is a pub quiz champion. [PAR] Shaun Wallace [PAR] Shaun Wallace is a barrister from North London. He won the title Mastermind Champion 2004. Living in the shadows of Wembley stadium his specialist subject is of course football. [PAR] Other television quiz appearances include Egg Heads, 15 to 1, Greed, Beat the Nation, Brainteaser, and the Weakest Link. [PAR] Anne Hegerty [PAR] Anne Hegerty joined Mark and Shaun on Series two, but has proven to hold the highest catch rate in the first 3 series. A freelance editor and journalist, Anne is known as The Governess she was a proof reader and lives in Manchester. Anne too has a long list of previous game show appearances including the original series of Mastermind with Magnus Magnusson. [PAR] She then returned for the new Mastermind with John Humphrys, 15 to 1, Today\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds The Day, Are You An Egghead?, and Brain of Britain. [PAR] Be A Contestant On The Chase [PAR] Fancy your chances? Fill out the application form if you think you can take on The Chasers. [PAR] The Chase: US Edition [PAR] The Beast takes on the Americans in The Chase USA . [PAR] The Chase App on Itunes [PAR] Download now The Chase app for your Apple iphone, ipad & ipod touch that allows you to play against the chasers. [PAR] The Chase Board Game"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Italy Vajont anniversary: Night of the 'tsunami' - BBC News Italy Vajont anniversary: Night of the 'tsunami' - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Italy Vajont anniversary: Night of the 'tsunami' [PAR] By Mark Duff BBC News, Longarone [PAR] 10 October 2013 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption The Vajont dam is seen here behind an old photo of Longarone [PAR] Fifty years ago Italians woke to news of a disaster of Biblical proportions. At a stroke - in an Alpine valley north of Venice - some 2,000 people had been killed, entire communities wiped off the face of the Earth. It was, according to the UN Scientific and Cultural agency Unesco, one of the worst man-made environmental disasters of all time. [PAR] I felt my bed collapsing, as if there was a hole opening up beneath me and an irresistible force dragging me out. I couldn't do anything. I had no idea what was happening [PAR] Micaela Colletti, Survivor [PAR] The inscription on the little town's war memorial promises that the sacrifice of those who died fighting for their country will never be forgotten. [PAR] Look beyond it, east across the valley of the Piave, and you see a vast white dam, high up in the cleft of a narrow gorge, its concrete wall reflecting the rays of the setting sun. The dam is called Vajont. And it, too, is a memorial of sorts. [PAR] When built, it was the tallest dam of its kind in the world, harnessing the waters of a small mountain torrent to create a lake meant to generate hydroelectric power for northern Italy's postwar economic miracle. But the engineers and geologists had ignored the warnings of locals that the land was unstable and that their work had triggered worrying seismic movements. [PAR] Late on the evening of 9 October 1963, a vast chunk of the mountainside, the size of a small town and 400m (1,312ft) deep, sheared off. [PAR] Image caption The disused dam still stands above Longarone [PAR] Forty-five seconds later, travelling at 100km/h (62mph), it plunged into the new artificial lake, creating an inland tsunami that rose more than 200m above the dam before plunging headlong towards Longarone, directly in its path. [PAR] The wall of water pushed an air pocket before it. It was more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb. So strong, in fact, that almost all the victims were found naked, their clothes blown off by the blast. [PAR] Grainy black and white footage from the next day shows a moonscape, a valley scoured clean of life. The survivors - the rescuers too - look tiny, dazed, insignificant. [PAR] The dam survived but 80% of the inhabitants of Longarone and its satellite villages did not. In all, almost 2,000 people are known to have died - but the final death toll will never be known. [PAR] Just 30 of Longarone's children lived. One of them was Micaela Colletti, 12 at the time. She lost her parents, a sister and her grandmother. They only ever identified her father. Today, she campaigns to preserve the memory of the victims and the lessons to be learnt. [PAR] The swallows swooped and screeched as Ms Colletti recalled the evening of 9 October: \"My father returned home from work as normal but almost straightaway he left again in the car, which had never happened before. [PAR] Image caption Ms Colletti lost lost her parents, a sister and her grandmother [PAR] \"Five minutes later I heard what I thought was a thunderclap. It was incredibly loud. My granny came into my room and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Watson (Character) - Comic Vine Dr. Watson (Character) - Comic Vine [PAR] Dr. Watson [PAR] The Dr. Watson wiki last edited by Rogo616 on 01/25/15 12:42PM View full history [PAR] Origin [PAR] Little is known about Watson's early life. He was born and raised in England , probably in or around London , and attended medical school at the University of London, graduating in 1878. Following his graduation he trained as a surgeon at Netley, eventually seeking employment with the British Army as a surgeon. He saw action during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. He was shot in the shoulder in Afghanistan during the Battle of Maiwand, and returned to London after suffering an illness. In London, he was introduced to Sherlock Holmes , with whom he became flatmates. He accompanied Holmes in the pursuit of one of his cases, and decided to publish Holmes' adventures after learning that Holmes was happy to allow the police to take credit for his brilliant work. [PAR] Creation [PAR] Watson was created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . He makes his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet. [PAR] Major Story Arcs [PAR] Sherlock Holmes [PAR] Watson is the assistant and companion to Sherlock Holmes. He accompanies Holmes on most of his cases, and offers assistance where he can, often in the form of medical expertise or back up. In most cases he is used as a sounding board, or left out of Holmes' deductions until the conclusion of the case, but occasionally he is instrumental in the conclusion. In almost all cases he later compiles the information into a short story narrating the events, which he has published. [PAR] Powers and Abilities [PAR] Watson is of above average intelligence, and a gifted doctor and skilled surgeon. He is a crack shot, and of fair physical strength; he is capable in unarmed fighting. [PAR] Other Media [PAR] Animation [PAR] Sherlock Hound [PAR] Watson appears in this anime as an anthropomorphic Scottish Terrier. He is voiced in Japanese by Kousei Tomita, and in English by Lewis Arquette. [PAR] BraveStarr [PAR] Watson appears in the episode \"Sherlock Holmes in the 23rd Century Part 1\". He is voiced by Peter Cullen. [PAR] The Real Ghost Busters [PAR] Along with Holmes and Professor Moriarty , Watson appears as a fictional character made manifest by belief in the episode \"Elementary My Dear Winston\". He is voiced by Frank Welker. [PAR] Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles [PAR] Watson appears in the episode \"Elementary, My Dear Turtle\". He is voiced by Pat Fraley. [PAR] Animaniacs [PAR] Watson appears in the episode \"Deduces Wild/Rest in Piece/U.N. Me\". He is voiced by Jeff Bennett. [PAR] Soul Eater [PAR] Watson appears in two episodes in this anime series. He is voiced in Japanese by Tetsuo Goto, and in English by Chris Carson. [PAR] Batman: The Brave and the Bold [PAR] Watson appears in the episode \"Trial of the Demon!\". He is voiced by Jim Piddick. [PAR] Film [PAR] Watson appears in all or almost all film adaptations of the Sherlock Holmes stories. Notable recent appearances include the Guy Ritchie-directed Sherlock Holmes films, where he is played by Jude Law. He has been played in other films by such actors as Nigel Bruce, James Mason, and Robert Duvall, among numerous others. [PAR] Literature [PAR] Sherlock Holmes Canon [PAR] Watson was originally created for the Sherlock Holmes series of stories. He appears in 58 of the 60 stories in the canon, and is first person narrator of all stories less four. [PAR] Sherlockiana [PAR] Watson appears in most non-canonical Sherlock Holmes stories. Notable appearances"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theology - definition of theology by The Free Dictionary Theology - definition of theology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Theology - definition of theology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/theology [PAR] (th\u0113-\u014fl\u2032\u0259-j\u0113) [PAR] n. pl. the\u00b7ol\u00b7o\u00b7gies [PAR] 1. The study of the nature of God and religious truth; rational inquiry into religious questions. [PAR] 2. A system or school of opinions concerning God and religious questions: Protestant theology; Jewish theology. [PAR] 3. A course of specialized religious study usually at a college or seminary. [PAR] [Middle English theologie, from Old French, from Latin theologia, from Greek theologi\u0101 : theo-, theo- + -logi\u0101, -logy.] [PAR] theology [PAR] (\u03b8\u026a\u02c8\u0252l\u0259d\u0292\u026a) [PAR] n, pl -gies [PAR] 1. (Theology) the systematic study of the existence and nature of the divine and its relationship to and influence upon other beings [PAR] 2. (Theology) a specific branch of this study, undertaken from the perspective of a particular group: feminist theology. [PAR] 3. (Theology) the systematic study of Christian revelation concerning God's nature and purpose, esp through the teaching of the Church [PAR] 4. (Theology) a specific system, form, or branch of this study, esp for those preparing for the ministry or priesthood [PAR] [C14: from Late Latin theologia, from Latin; see theo-, -logy] [PAR] the\u02c8ologist n [PAR] (\u03b8i\u02c8\u0252l \u0259 d\u0292i) [PAR] n., pl. -gies. [PAR] 1. the field of study and analysis that treats of God and of God's attributes and relations to the universe; the study of divine things or religious truth; divinity. [PAR] 2. a particular form, system, or branch of this study. [PAR] [1325\u201375; Middle English theologie < Old French < Late Latin theologia < Greek theolog\u00eda. See theo -, -logy ] [PAR] Theology [PAR] 1. the doctrines and ideas of St. Augustine, 5th-century archbishop of Hippo, and the religious rule developed by him. [PAR] 2. the support of his doctrines. [PAR] 3. adherence to his religious rule. \u2014 Augustinian, n., adj. [PAR] Hutchinsonianism [PAR] 1. the theories of John Hutchinson, an 18th-century Yorkshireman, who disputed Newton\u2019s theory of gravitation and maintained that a system of natural science was to be found in the Old Testament. [PAR] 2. the tenets of the followers of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, an antinomian who lived in the early days of the Massachusetts Colony. \u2014 Hutchinsonian, adj. [PAR] 1. the unique nature of the Godhead and hence the Holy Trinity. [PAR] 2. any of the three parts of the Holy Trinity. [PAR] 3. the personality of Christ separate from his dual nature, human and divine. \u2014 hypostatic, hypostatical, adj. [PAR] Jehovist [PAR] 1. Obsolete, a person who believes that the vowel-marks on the word Jehovah in Hebrew represent the actual vowels of the word. [PAR] 2. the name given to the author(s) of the parts of the Hexateuch in which the sacred name is written Jehovah, instead of Elohim. \u2014 Jehovistic, adj. [PAR] 1. the introduction of new, especially rationalistic, views or doctrines in theology. [PAR] 2. such a view or doctrine. Also neologism. See also language . \u2014 neologist, n. [PAR] 1. the precepts and ideas of William of Occam, 14th-century English Scholastic. [PAR] 2. support of his precepts. \u2014 Occamist, Occamite, n. \u2014 Occamistic, adj. [PAR] 1. the doctrines and precepts of Origen of Alexandria, 3rd-century Christian theologian and teacher. [PAR] 2. adherence to his doctrines. \u2014 Origenist, n. \u2014 Origenian, Origenistic, adj. [PAR] 1. Obsolete, all that is contained in theology. [PAR] 2. a comprehensive, synthetic theology that covers all gods and religious systems. \u2014 pantheologist, n. \u2014 pantheologic, pantheological, adj. [PAR] 1. Also patristics. the branch of theology that studies the teachings of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shavian alphabet | Article about Shavian alphabet by The ... Shavian alphabet | Article about Shavian alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Shavian alphabet | Article about Shavian alphabet by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shavian+alphabet [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Shavian [PAR] 1. of, relating to, or like George Bernard Shaw (1856--1950), the Irish dramatist and critic, his works, ideas, etc. [PAR] 2. an admirer of Shaw or his works [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sumo - Geisha world Wiki - Wikia Sumo | Geisha world Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] In addition to its use as a trial of strength in combat, sumo has also been associated with Shinto ritual, and even certain shrines carry out forms of ritual dance where a human is said to wrestle with a kami (a Shinto divine spirit). It was an important ritual at the imperial court. Representatives of each province were ordered to attend the contest at the court and fight. They were required to pay for their travels themselves. The contest was known as sumai no sechie, or \"sumai party.\" Sumo wrestler Somagahana Fuchiemon, c. 1850. Over the rest of Japanese recorded history, sumo's popularity has changed according to the whims of its rulers and the need for its use as a training tool in periods of civil strife. The form of wrestling combat probably changed gradually into one where the main aim in victory was to throw one's opponent. The concept of pushing one's opponent out of a defined area came some time later. [PAR] Also, it is believed that a ring, defined as something other than simply the area given to the wrestlers by spectators, came into being in the 16th century as a result of a tournament organized by the then principal warlord in Japan, Oda Nobunaga. At this point wrestlers would wear loose loincloths, rather than the much stiffer mawashi of today. During the Edo period, wrestlers would wear a fringed kesho-mawashi during the bout, whereas today these are worn only during pre-tournament rituals. Most of the rest of the current forms within the sport developed in the early Edo period. [PAR] Professional sumo (\u5927\u76f8\u64b2, \u014dzum\u014d) can trace its roots back to the Edo period in Japan as a form of sporting entertainment. The original wrestlers were probably samurai, often r\u014dnin, who needed to find an alternative form of income. Current professional sumo tournaments began in the Tomioka Hachiman Shrine in 1684, and then were held in the Ek\u014d-in in the Edo period. They have been held in the Ry\u014dgoku Kokugikan since 1909, though the Kuramae Kokugikan had been used for the tournaments in the post-war years until 1984. [PAR] Nations adjacent to Japan, sharing many cultural traditions, also feature styles of traditional wrestling that bear resemblance to sumo. Notable examples include Mongolian wrestling, Chinese Shuai jiao (\u6454\u89d2), and Korean Ssireum. Examples of Chinese art from 220 BC show the Korean wrestlers stripped to the waist and their bodies pressed shoulder to shoulder. [PAR] Winning a Sumo Bout [PAR] The winner of a sumo bout is either: [PAR] The first wrestler to force his opponent to step out of the ring. [PAR] The first wrestler to force his opponent to touch the ground with any part of his body other than the bottom of his feet. [PAR] On rare occasions the referee or judges may award the win to the wrestler who touched the ground first; this happens if both wrestlers touch the ground at very nearly the same time and it is decided that the wrestler who touched the ground second had no chance of winning as, due to the superior sumo of his opponent, he was already in an irrecoverable position. The losing wrestler is referred to as being shini-tai (\u201cdead body\u201d) in this case. [PAR] There are also a number of other rarely used rules that can be used to determine the winner. For example a wrestler using an illegal technique (or kinjite) automatically loses, as does one whose mawashi (or belt) becomes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brief Encounter | film by Lean [1945] | Britannica.com Brief Encounter | film by Lean [1945] | Britannica.com [PAR] film by Lean [1945] [PAR] A Christmas Carol [PAR] Brief Encounter, British film drama, released in 1945, that pivots on the subject of forbidden love, as set against the strictures of suburban British life. The film, based on No\u00ebl Coward \u2019s play Still Life , was one of director David Lean \u2019s first great successes. [PAR] Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard in Brief Encounter (1945), directed by \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 Eagle-Lion Films [PAR] At an English train station, middle-class housewife Laura Jesson (played by Celia Johnson) meets the handsome married doctor Alec Harvey ( Trevor Howard ). A friendly conversation over tea leads to a series of arranged meetings, and a platonic relationship gradually develops. Eventually, however, the two realize they are in love with each other and become agonized by guilt over their feelings. After a thwarted attempt at a private rendezvous, their future as a couple is decided when Alec announces he has accepted a job in South Africa . [PAR] The low-key production was filmed in London during the dreary aftermath of the post-World War II years and found favour both at home and abroad. Brief Encounter is an emotionally shattering film directed with great sensitivity by Lean, who carefully handled the rising tension over whether Laura and Alec\u2019s relationship would turn physical. The film neither sentimentalizes nor vilifies the pair\u2019s spouses, conveying the idea that one could be in love with one person but still fall in love with another. The acclaimed sound track features Sergey Rachmaninoff \u2019s Piano Concerto No. 2 in C Minor. [PAR] Production notes and credits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CRICKET PLAYERS & NICKNAMES ... endless! by Chinaroad CRICKET PLAYERS & NICKNAMES ... endless! by Chinaroad [PAR] Australia's 1948 tour of England \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Invincibles [PAR] Australian national cricket team \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Baggy Greens [PAR] Bangladeshi national cricket team \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Tigers [PAR] Canadian national cricket team \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd One Man Band [PAR] New Zealand national cricket team \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Black Caps, The Kiwis [PAR] South African national cricket team \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Proteas [PAR] West Indian national cricket team \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Windies, The Calypsos [PAR] Indian national cricket team \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Men in Blue [PAR] Pakistani national cricket team\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Stars [PAR] Officials, umpires and commentators [PAR] Harold Bird \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Dickie Bird [PAR] Henry Blofeld \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Blowers [PAR] Brent Bowden \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Billy [PAR] Steve Bucknor \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Slow Death [PAR] Bill Ferguson \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Fergie [PAR] Bill Frindall \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Bearded Wonder [PAR] Brian Johnston \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Johnners [PAR] Christopher Martin-Jenkins \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd CMJ [PAR] Don Mosey \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Alderman [PAR] David Shepherd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Shep [PAR] Bryan Waddle \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Wads [PAR] Players [PAR] Bobby Abel \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Guv'nor [PAR] Jimmy Adams \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Padams [PAR] Paul Adams \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Gogga (\"insect\" in Afrikaans), A frog in a blender (for his unusual bowling action) [PAR] Ajit Agarkar \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bombay Duck (for his horror streak of ducks against Australia) [PAR] Jonathan Agnew \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Aggers [PAR] Shoaib Akhtar \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Rawalpindi Express [PAR] Wasim Akram \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Prince of Pakistan, Was, Sultan of Swing [PAR] Terry Alderman \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Clem (after Clem Jones, mayor of Brisbane, curator of Gabba and an alderman) [PAR] Mark Alleyne \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd BooBoo [PAR] Mohinder Amarnath \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Jimmy, Amarnought [PAR] Surinder Amarnath \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Tommy [PAR] Warwick Armstrong \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd the Big Ship [PAR] Jason Arnberger \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Cheesy [PAR] Geoff Arnold \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Horse [PAR] Shahid Afridi \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Boom [PAR] Michael Atherton \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Athers [PAR] B [PAR] Trevor Bailey \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Boil, Barnacle [PAR] Omari Banks \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bankie, Cowheb [PAR] Richie Benaud \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Diamonds [PAR] Tino Best \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Best, Ntini [PAR] Michael Bevan \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bevvo [PAR] Andrew Bichel \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bic [PAR] Jack Blackham \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Black Jack [PAR] David Boon \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Boonie, Keg on Legs, Stumpy [PAR] Allan Border \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd A.B., Captain Grumpy [PAR] Ian Botham \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Beefy,The Both,Guy [PAR] Mark Boucher \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Guinness, Billy [PAR] Nicky Boje \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bodge [PAR] Nathan Bracken \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bracks [PAR] Don Bradman \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Don [PAR] Ian Bell \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Belly, the team baby [PAR] C [PAR] Andy Caddick \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Caddyshack [PAR] Chris Cairns \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd B.A. (Bad Attitude) [PAR] Shivnarine Chanderpaul \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Tiger [PAR] Ian Chappell \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Chapelli [PAR] Ewen Chatfield \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Chats, Farmer (Mer) or The Naenae Express [PAR] Stuart Clark \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Sarfraz, Stu [PAR] Michael Clarke \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Pup [PAR] Paul Collingwood \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Nice Ginger, Colly [PAR] Herbie Collins \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Horseshoe [PAR] Corey Collymore \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Screw [PAR] Jeremy Coney \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Mantis [PAR] Colin Cowdrey \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Kipper [PAR] Jeff Crowe \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Chopper [PAR] Martin Crowe \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Hogan [PAR] D [PAR] Adam Dale \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Chipper [PAR] Joe Darling \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Paddy [PAR] Phillip DeFreitas \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Half-Chocolate, Daffy [PAR] Aravinda de Silva \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Mad Max [PAR] Fanie de Villiers \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Vinnige Fanie (\"Fast Fanie\" in Afrikaans) [PAR] Kapil Dev \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Haryana Express [PAR] Mahendra Singh Dhoni \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Mahi [PAR] Graham Dilley \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Pica [PAR] Boeta Dippenaar \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Dipps [PAR] Allan Donald \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd White Lightning [PAR] Brett Dorey \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Hunky, John [PAR] J.W.H.T. Douglas \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Johnny Won't Hit Today [PAR] Rahul Dravid \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Jammy, The Wall [PAR] E [PAR] Bruce Edgar \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bootsy [PAR] F [PAR] Damien Fleming \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Flemo [PAR] Stephen Fleming \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Flange [PAR] Duncan Fletcher \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Fletch [PAR] Keith Fletcher \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The Gnome of Essex [PAR] Andrew Flintoff \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Freddy, Twiggy, Fred, family man [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About EuroMillions | Games | The National Lottery About EuroMillions | Games | The National Lottery [PAR] How to play EuroMillions - it's just got even better! [PAR] What is EuroMillions? [PAR] EuroMillions is the game with the kind of jackpots that will make you fabulously wealthy. Play for the chance to live the kind of lifestyle usually reserved for the rich and famous. The EuroMillions draw takes place every Tuesday and Friday. [PAR] How much does a EuroMillions ticket cost? [PAR] EuroMillions costs \u00a32.50 and includes the UK Millionaire Maker, which creates four new UK millionaires every week \u2013 guaranteed! [PAR] What is a Mega Week? [PAR] Mega Week is usually the last Tuesday and Friday of every month. During that week, the UK Millionaire Maker draw creates multiple millionaires, and each millionaire also wins an exclusive millionaire lifestyle experience. Discover more about Mega Weeks and the prizes on offer. [PAR] How to play EuroMillions [PAR] 1. Simply select five numbers from 1-50 and two Lucky Star numbers from 1-12, or pick Lucky Dip\u00ae for a random selection. You also get an automatic UK Millionaire Maker entry with every line of numbers you play. You can play up to 7 lines of numbers on each play slip and buy up to 10 play slips at a time. [PAR] 2. Choose the draws and weeks you'd like to play \u2013 you can play up to 4 weeks in advance or continuously by Direct Debit. [PAR] Play EuroMillions online every day from 8am (sometimes earlier) until 11.00pm. Remember that EuroMillions ticket sales close at 7.30pm on Tuesdays and Fridays for that evening's draw. Tickets are available again from 9pm \u2013 all tickets purchased after this time will be entered into the next draw. [PAR] If you want to make sure you're always in the EuroMillions draw, play by Direct Debit . [PAR] You can also increase your chances of winning and share the excitement of playing EuroMillions by starting a syndicate . [PAR] EuroMillions prize breakdown [PAR] Match 5 main numbers and 2 Lucky Stars to win the jackpot. If there's more than one jackpot winner, the prize will be shared between all the jackpot winners. Plus, match the UK Millionaire Maker code to win \u00a31,000,000. It is possible to win both the jackpot and the UK Millionaire Maker on the same ticket. [PAR] Prize table for EuroMillions [PAR] For more information about playing EuroMillions and UK Millionaire Maker online, see the EuroMillions and UK Millionaire Maker Game Procedures . [PAR] How big can the EuroMillions jackpot get? [PAR] The jackpot can rise to \u20ac190 million (approximately \u00a3163 million based on exchange rate on 23rd September 2016). [PAR] If it reaches this level, it will be capped - if the jackpot is not won, any additional money in the jackpot prize fund over and above \u20ac190 million will roll down to boost the prize money at the next highest tier where there are winners (most likely the 5+1 tier). This can happen four times before the \u20ac190 million must be won. [PAR] If this happens and the jackpot is still not won, the entire \u20ac190 million - plus any additional money in the jackpot prize fund over and above this amount - would roll down to the next highest tier where there are winners (most likely the 5+1 tier). [PAR] \u00a3161M \u2013 the biggest EuroMillions jackpot win to date[DOC] [TLE] Play EuroMillions Lottery Online Play EuroMillions Lottery Online [PAR] Play EuroMillions Lottery Online [PAR] History Of Euromillions: [PAR] EuroMillions tickets first went on sale on 7 February 2004 with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skylab: First U.S. Space Station Skylab: First U.S. Space Station [PAR] Skylab: First U.S. Space Station [PAR] By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] February 1, 2013 06:40pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The Skylab Orbital Workshop experienced a failure that led to a replacement shield to protect against solar heating. [PAR] Credit: NASA. [PAR] Skylab was the first space station operated by the United States. It spent six years orbiting Earth until its decaying orbit caused it to re-enter the atmosphere. It scattered debris over the Indian Ocean and sparsely settled areas of Western Australia. [PAR] Three crews successfully lived on board the station for several months each. The last crew spent 84 days in orbit \u2014 an American record that stood until the shuttle era. [ Photos: Skylab, the 1st U.S. Space Station ] [PAR] Rocky start [PAR] Various NASA centers had kicked around ideas for a space station for years before Skylab launched. However, the agency was very focused on the space race and moonshots that dominated public consciousness in the 1960s. Money for other endeavors was not as available. [PAR] As Apollo began to wind down in the early 1970s, NASA began an Apollo Applications Program to fly unused hardware from the moon program. One idea, proposed by famous Apollo rocket engineer Wernher von Braun , would be to build a space station out of an unused rocket stage. The design evolved over the years as NASA struggled with reduced funding. [PAR] Skylab finally aimed for space on May 14, 1973. However, a meteoroid shield that was supposed to shelter Skylab accidentally opened about 63 seconds into the launch. The still-thick atmosphere tore the shield off, plunging Skylab into a serious situation. The facility experienced communications problems with the antenna as a result of the incident, but that was the least of the agency's worries. [PAR] \"When the meteoroid shield ripped loose, it disturbed the mounting of workshop solar array wing No. 2 and caused it to partially deploy. The exhaust plume of the second stage retro-rockets impacted the partially deployed solar array and literally blew it into space,\" NASA wrote. [PAR] Workers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center scrambled to stabilize the station. Among other measures, they put the station in an attitude that would minimize overheating, and came up with ways to cope with the station's reduced power situation. [PAR] Meanwhile, the first crew \u2013 led by Apollo 12 commander Pete Conrad \u2013 would need to make the station habitable before they could get to work. The crew's first challenge during the spacewalk, just hours after launch, was deploying the solar array, but initial attempts met with no luck as a metal strip holding it down refused to give way. [PAR] Crew members emerged from an expected communications blackout in a foul mood, according to an official NASA account of the mission. \"The astronauts were venting their frustration with four-letter words, while Houston repeatedly tried to remind them that communication had resumed,\" NASA wrote. [PAR] Realizing the tools they had with them that day would not work, Conrad abandoned the exercise and focused on trying to dock his spacecraft with the station. Unfortunately, the docking mechanism failed and the crew had to depressurize the spacecraft and bypass electrical connections to achieve it. [PAR] In subsequent days, Conrad's crew erected a sun shade , successfully deployed the stuck array, and began operational work aboard the station. While the incident was frustrating for the teams involved, it also demonstrated that it was possible to fix a badly damaged space station while it is in orbit."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Hottest Planet in the Solar System? - Universe ... What is the Hottest Planet in the Solar System? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] What is the Hottest Planet in the Solar System? [PAR] Article Updated: 18 Oct , 2016 [PAR] Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the climate here is just right for life. Here in our Solar System, there are planets both hotter and colder than Earth. [PAR] So\u2026 which one is the hottest? [PAR] You might think it\u2019s Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun. Mercury orbits at a distance of only 58 million kilometers, travelling in a blast-furnace of scorching radiation. Its temperature can skyrocket to 700 Kelvin, or 426 degrees Celsius on the sunward side. In the shadows, temperatures plunge down to 80 Kelvin, which is -173 degrees Celsius [PAR] Mercury sure is hot, but Venus is hotter. [PAR] Venus imaged by Magellan Image Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Venus is much further from the Sun, orbiting at a distance of more than 108 million kilometers. Average temperature there is a hellish 735 Kelvin, or 462 degrees Celsius \u2013 hot enough to melt lead. [PAR] Venus remains that same temperature no matter where you go on the planet. At the North Pole? 735 Kelvin. At night? 735 Kelvin. Daytime at the equator? You get the point. [PAR] So, why is Venus so much hotter than Mercury, even though it\u2019s further away from the Sun? It\u2019s all about the atmosphere. [PAR] Mercury is an airless world, not unlike the Moon. Venus, has a very thick atmosphere of CO2, which adds incredible pressure, and traps in the heat. [PAR] Atmosphere of Venus. Credit: ESA [PAR] Consider our own planet. When you stand at sea level on Earth, you\u2019re experiencing one atmosphere of pressure. But if you could stand on the surface of Venus \u2013 and trust me, you don\u2019t want to \u2013 you\u2019d experience ninety-two times as much atmospheric pressure. This is the same kind of pressure as being a kilometer underneath the surface of the ocean. [PAR] Venus also shows us what happens when carbon dioxide levels just keep on rising. Radiation from the Sun is absorbed by the planet, and the infrared heat emitted is trapped by the carbon dioxide, which creates a runaway greenhouse effect. [PAR] You might think a planet this hot with such extreme temperature and pressure, would be impossible to explore. [PAR] And if you did, you\u2019d be wrong. [PAR] The Soviets sent a series of spacecraft called Venera, which parachuted down through the thick atmosphere and returned images from the surface of Venus. Although the first few missions were failures, this taught the Soviets just how hellish the Venusian environment really is. [PAR] Surface of Venus by Venera. [PAR] Venera 13 made it down to the surface in nineteen-eighty-one and survived for one-hundred-and-twenty-seven minutes, sending back the first color pictures of Venus\u2019 surface. [PAR] The hottest planet in our solar system is Venus, [PAR] When it comes to temperature, distance from the Sun matters, but it takes a backseat to wrapping a planet in a atmospheric blanket of carbon dioxide."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 strongest materials known to man | Sciencedump Scientists just got the first direct proof of stable carbyne - the world's strongest material - ScienceAlert [PAR] Scientists just got the first direct proof of stable carbyne - the world's strongest material [PAR] 40 times stronger than diamond. [PAR] KATHLEEN RILEY, FUTURISM [PAR] 12 APR 2016 [PAR] [PAR] Elemental carbon is extremely versatile, and scientists have long been able to create new carbon allotropes that make for super durable and multi-functioning materials - such as everyone\u2019s favourite material, graphene . [PAR] The 'carbon family' is one very resourceful family. But even with all these developments, carbyne remained elusive. In fact, it is the only form of carbon that has not been synthesised, even though researchers have been studying its properties for over 50 years. [PAR] [PAR] The reason for this is that carbyne is extremely unstable. This one-dimensional carbon chain was first discovered in 1885 by Adolf von Baeyer, who even stated that carbyne would remain elusive, as its high reactivity would always lead to its immediate destruction . [PAR] Carbyne\u2019s mechanical properties are hypothesised to exceed all known materials. It\u2019s assumed to be twice as stiff as graphene, 40 times stiffer than diamond, and have greater tensile strength than any other carbon material. With these kinds of properties, no wonder we\u2019ve been trying to find ways to stabilise it. [PAR] And now, an international team of researchers have now found a way to mass-produce carbyne. [PAR] The team took two layers of graphene, pressed them together, and rolled them into thin, double-walled carbon nanotubes. The tubes were then wrapped around the atoms. These nanotubes protect the carbyne chains from meeting imminent doom. [PAR] Their research is published in the journal Nature Materials . [PAR] Before their discovery, the record-holding number of carbon atoms in one continuous chain was 100. Now, the record has been broken with an astounding 6,400 atoms utilizing this novel method \u2013 and the chain continues to be stable. [PAR] Also, carbyne\u2019s electrical properties increase with its chain length. This means that researchers will be able to experiment with the material more effectively with success from the nanotubes. [PAR] There is a huge wealth of possible applications using carbyne, and we\u2019re excited to see what kinds of devices will arise with the delivery of this 'miracle' material. [PAR] Image: Lei Shi/Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna [PAR] This article was originally published by Futurism. Read the original article. [PAR] More From ScienceAlert"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Googol, Googolplex - & Google - Live Science Googol, googolplex \u2014 & Google [PAR] By Ryan Goodrich, LiveScience Contributor | [PAR] May 13, 2013 07:36pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] A googol equals 1 followed by 100 zeros. [PAR] Googol is a mathematical term to describe a huge quantity. It is not an incorrect spelling of the search engine giant\u2019s name, Google \u2014 actually, it's the other way around. Googol, a quantity that surpasses even the number of hydrogen atoms in the observable universe, is a number dating back to the mid-1900s and is still used by mathematicians today. [PAR] Silly name for a silly sum [PAR] Googol is the label for 10 to the hundredth power (10100), or 1 followed by 100 zeros . Invented by Edward Kasner, the American mathematician referenced the quantity extensively in his 1940 book, \"Mathematics and the Imagination.\" Kasner intended the number to serve as an example for students in showing how a number could be so incredibly large, it could baffle their minds. [PAR] While the term wasn\u2019t more universally accepted and used until his book\u2019s publishing, Kasner dated its creation to 1920 when he asked his 9-year-old nephew, Milton Sirotta, what he should call the number. Milton appropriately responded that such a silly sum required an equally silly name, from which the term \"googol\" was coined. [PAR] Googolplex [PAR] After naming googol, Milton proposed the further term of \"googolplex,\" describing it as \u201cone, followed by writing zeros until you get tired.\u201d Rather than gauging a mathematician\u2019s skill by their endurance in writing zeros, Kasner adopted a more formal interpretation of 10 followed by googol zeros, as opposed to a googol\u2019s 100 zeros. To quantify a googolplex, astronomer and astrophysicist Carl Sagan gave the example of filling the entire volume of the observable universe with fine dust particles roughly 1.5 micrometers in size. From this, the total number of different combinations in which these particles could be arranged would equal approximately one googolplex. [PAR] Ginormous numbers [PAR] For its time, googol was the largest known number. Since the invention of the supercomputer, even larger numbers can be easily calculated, such as Graham\u2019s number or Skewes\u2019 number. For example, a centillion, a one and 303 zeros, is one of many large numbers. While the creation and naming of such large numbers is readily possible for any non-mathematician, their invention requires a specific purpose as opposed to an arbitrary notion. [PAR] Neither googol nor googolplex truly has any mathematical significance beyond acting as reference points for visualizing large numbers. For example, such numbers are used to speculate on things like the number of particles in the universe, the total number of chess game variances possible, or even 70 factorial. In other words, numbers as large as, even larger than, googols and googolplexes are used to quantify potential rather than physical things, thus increasing the potential application. In mathematical circles, their use is likely to be much more often than in everyday life, and only to quantify extremely large bodies of data. [PAR] Googol and Google [PAR] Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two of the founders of Google, grew up fascinated with mathematics and decided to name their company after the number. As the early Google team searched available domain names, the Stanford graduate student at the computer accidentally typed googol as \u201cgoogle\u201d and the name stuck. While Google is a misspelling of googol, the company is based upon the same mathematical principles, choosing even to name Google\u2019s headquarters in Mountain View as Googleplex. [PAR] Related:[DOC] [TLE] Google (number) - definition of Google (number) by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madame Curie - Marie Curie And Radioactive Elements Learn More About Marie Curie and Radioactive Elements [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 20, 2016. [PAR] Dr. Marie Curie is known to the world as the scientist who discovered radioactive metals such as radium and polonium. [PAR] Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who lived between 1867-1934. She was born Maria Sklodowski in Warsaw, Poland, the youngest of five children. When she was born, Poland was controlled by Russia. Her parents were teachers, and she learned at an early age the importance of education. [PAR] Her mother died when she was young, and when her father was caught teaching Polish - which had been made illegal under the Russian government. Manya, as she was called, and her sisters had to get jobs. After a couple of failed jobs, Manya became a tutor to a family in the countryside outside Warsaw. She enjoyed her time there, and was able to send her father money to help support him, and also send some money to her sister Bronya in Paris who was studying medicine. [PAR] Bronya eventually married another medical student and they set up practice in Paris. [PAR] The couple invited Manya to live with them and study at the Sorbonne - a famous Parisian University. In order to fit in better at the school, Manya changed her name to the French \"Marie.\" Marie studied physics and mathematics and quickly received her masters' degrees in both subjects. She remained in Paris after graduation and started research on magnetism. [PAR] For the research she wanted to do, she needed more space than her small lab. A friend introduced her to another young scientist, Pierre Curie, who had some extra room. Not only did Marie move her equipment into his lab, Marie and Pierre fell in love and married. [PAR] Radioactive Elements [PAR] Together with her husband, Curie discovered two new elements (radium and polonium, two radioactive elements that they extracted chemically from pitchblende ore) and studied the x-rays they emitted. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors. By the end of World War I, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent methods of processing radium or its medical applications. [PAR] Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the best-known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901 with the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel prize, this time in chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radium's atomic weight. [PAR] As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess. She helped pay for her sister to study in Paris. Later, her sister helped Marie with her education. In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist. [PAR] After the sudden accidental death of Pierre Curie, Marie Curie managed to raise her two small daughters (Ir\u00e8ne, who was herself awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, and Eve who became an accomplished author) and continue an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How does iron rust? - Frostburg State University General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Redox reactions: How does iron rust? [PAR] How does iron rust? [PAR] When a droplet of water containing a little dissolved oxygen falls on an iron pipe, the iron under the droplet oxidizes: [PAR] Fe(s) [PAR] Fe2+(aq) + 2 e- [PAR] The electrons are quickly snatched up by hydrogen ions and oxygen at the edge of the droplet to produce water: [PAR] 4e- + 4 H+(aq) + O2(aq) [PAR] 2 H2O(l) [PAR] More acidic water is expected to increase corrosion so long as there is a sufficient supply of oxygen. If the pH is very low, and there isn't enough oxygen, the hydrogen ions will snatch up the electrons anyway, making hydrogen gas instead of water: [PAR] 2 H+(aq) + 2 e- [PAR] H2(g) [PAR] But where's the rust? The equations above tell only a small part of the story. [PAR] Hydrogen ions are being consumed by the process. As the iron corrodes, the pH in the droplet rises. Hydroxide ions (OH-) appear in water as the hydrogen ion concentration falls. They react with the iron(II) ions to produce insoluble iron(II) hydroxides: [PAR] Fe2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) [PAR] The iron(II) ions also react with hydrogen ions and oxygen to produce iron(III) ions. [PAR] Fe2+(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + O2(aq) [PAR] 4 Fe3+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) [PAR] The iron(III) ions react with hydroxide ions to produce hydrated iron(III) oxides (also known as iron(III) hydroxides). [PAR] Fe3+(aq) + 3 OH-(aq) [PAR] Fe(OH)3(s) [PAR] These can dry to make plain iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3. This is the red, powdery stuff we call \"rust\". [PAR] Since these processes involve hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions, they will be affected by changes in pH. [PAR] If you have other ions like calcium or carbonate present, they make a variety of precipitates that mix in with the iron hydroxide precipitates to produce a crusty, gnarled coating which can slow corrosion under some circumstances by cutting the iron off from the acid, water, and air supply."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All Things Bakelite All Things Bakelite - [PAR] The Filmmakers [PAR] Hugh Karraker, Executive Producer [PAR] Hugh Karraker is Executive Producer of the documentary film, All Things Bakelite. He is a great grandson of Leo H. Baekeland, the Belgian-born American who invented Velox photographic paper and created the first wholly synthetic plastic, Bakelite. Hugh is co-founder of The L.H. Baekeland Project, LLC, which through world-wide exhibitions, presentations, and media, promotes the history, the science and the art of Bakelite, and celebrates the life and achievements his great grandfather. [PAR] For 30 years, Hugh was a successful actor in New York and Los Angeles, working in theater, motion pictures, television and print. He earned a BFA in acting at the University of Connecticut, studied in London at The Guildhall School of Music and Drama, and later co-founded the Magic Circle Theater in Chicago. Now retired from acting and devoted to his Baekeland Project, Hugh lives in CT with his actress wife, Sherry Arell Karraker, where he finds a creative outlet in building rustic furniture, gates and fences on commission. [PAR] John Maher, Director [PAR] As a cinematic artist, John Maher is the true definition of a Renaissance man. His interest and knowledge in a broad range of subjects is only matched by his expertise in the specialized skills of filmmaking. His just-released film, All Things Bakelite, about Leo H. Baekeland, the \u201cfather of modern plastics\u201d, exemplifies how John pushes the boundaries of the documentary form with a masterful blend of factual information, entertainment, and innovative production techniques to tell a little known, but compelling story. \u201cI believe production choices have to serve the story first,\u201d John says. \u201cBecause of its broad scope and rich content, we created a lot of little surprises in All Things Bakelite that help engage the audience.\u201d All Things Bakelite is the fifteenth independent film that John\u2019s company JEM Films has produced. Executive producer Hugh Karraker first brought the idea to John and together they collected the resources and shaped the story of Baekeland and his transformative invention. [PAR] Craig Mikhitarian, Editor [PAR] Craig brings over thirty years of production experience to All Things Bakelite, and a long association with filmmaker John Maher. Craig, partnered with his brother Bud, has been making movies nearly all his life and is accomplished in all phases of production, from the creative to the technical. As a writer, producer, director, as well as a cinematographer and editor, Craig\u2019s work has earned many awards in television, film, news and business. They include Emmy honors and an Oscar nomination for documentaries, and Telly Awards for commercials. While John Maher has joined Craig and Bud on many of their productions, Craig has also worked with John on several of his previous films, including John\u2019s award-winning documentary Throw It Down, A Georgetown Story and Vision of Iron. Craig has been a part of All Things Bakelite since 2010, when John first brought him in on the project to consult, shoot and, primarily, edit the film. [PAR] Craig lives in Ridgefield with his wife Dana and has two children, both wisely occupied well outside of show business. [PAR] Martin J. Fegy, Music Composer [PAR] Marty Fegy is a video producer as well as a composer of music for film and television. All Things Bakelite is his fourth film score for John Maher and JEM Films. He has also created sound design for numerous regional theatrical productions and has written and produced many jingles for radio and television advertisers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Base Stations and Masts - MOA Base Stations and Masts [PAR] Base Stations and Masts [PAR] What Is A Mast? [PAR] Radio base stations are commonly called masts. The terms are used interchangeably, but they are in fact two different things. [PAR] A mast is a freestanding structure (the same as a telegraph pole) which supports antennas at a height where they can transmit and receive radio waves. A mast is typically 15m high and plays no part in the transmission of radio waves. To minimise the environmental impact, more slim line versions with smaller head frames are now in place. These can be painted to blend in with their surroundings, disguised as trees or used in conjunction with street lighting. [PAR] Radio base stations are sites that enable mobile phones to work. They can be big or small and have transmitters and receivers in a cabin or cabinet connected to antennas. They can be mounted on a large mast or tower, an existing building, rooftops or street furniture such as street lamps. Without base stations, mobiles will not work. There were approximately 52,500 base station sites in the UK. [PAR] How It All Works [PAR] A mobile phone is a low-powered two-way radio - converting human voice and data messages into radio waves. When making a call, these radio signals are transmitted from the mobile phone to the nearest base station. Once a signal reaches a base station it is then transmitted to the main telephone network where it is transferred to the network of the person receiving the call. [PAR] What Is A Cell? [PAR] In order to enable millions of people across the country to make calls, each of the five mobile phone operators divides the UK into thousands of individual geographic areas known as 'cells'. At the heart of each cell is a base station. The cells overlap at the edges to prevent holes in coverage. If the radio base stations are too far apart, calls cannot be handed over from one area to another and are interrupted or 'dropped' when mobile users are on the move. [PAR] There are three types of cells: macrocells, microcells and picocells. [PAR] A macrocell provides the main coverage in a mobile network. The antennas for macrocells are mounted on ground-based masts, rooftops and other existing structures. They must be positioned at a height that is not obstructed by surrounding buildings and terrain. Macrocell base stations have a typical power output of tens of watts. [PAR] Microcellsprovide infill radio coverage and additional capacity where there are high numbers of users within macrocells. The antennas for microcells are mounted at street level, typically on the external walls of existing structures, lamp posts and other street furniture. The antennas are smaller than macro cell antennas and, when mounted on existing structures, often blend in with building features to minimise visual impact. Typically, microcells provide radio coverage across smaller distances and are placed 300m-1000m apart. They have lower outputs than macrocells, usually a few watts. [PAR] A picocell provides more localised coverage than a microcell. They are normally found inside buildings where coverage is poor or where there are a high number of users, such as airport terminals, train stations or shopping centres. [PAR] The size of a cell depends on: [PAR] current and future customer call use because each base station can only support a limited number of calls simultaneously [PAR] the physical terrain of an area as radio signals are blocked by man-made and natural obstacles such as buildings, trees and hills [PAR] the frequency band in which the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ishihara Color Test - Colour Blindness Test Ishihara Color Test \u2013 Color Blindness [PAR] got to 3 and thats it [PAR] bradley says: [PAR] tried test only got test 2 [PAR] admin says: [PAR] June 11, 2009 at 8:16 am [PAR] Hi Bradley, [PAR] You should keep trying each ishihara test until the bottom, dont stop at the first test you can\u2019t do:) Doing them all helps you understand the severity of your color blindness. [PAR] Also try the color arrangement test to get a mathematical readout of your color blindness, and its severity! [PAR] Charles [PAR] July 9, 2009 at 8:17 am [PAR] Hi, [PAR] I found this website to be really helpful! I was told when I was small that I was color blind, and knew it had something to do with Red, Green and Brown. This website has helped me understand that I\u2019m definately red/green color blind. 20 years after I was told, I now know for sure, thanks to this website. Great stuff. Excellent. [PAR] admin says: [PAR] July 9, 2009 at 2:05 pm [PAR] Jim, [PAR] Glad you found the ishihara test useful:) I trialled it on a friend of mine, he\u2019s 40 and just found out he\u2019s mildly color blind too. To some of us it barely makes a difference i guess! [PAR] Charles [PAR] \ud83d\ude41 i applied for the air force on thursday, a medical was involved\u2026 including an isihara eye test\u2026\u2026.. [PAR] i failed it 3 times \ud83d\ude41 not my job oportunities are extremely limited [PAR] im 3CP color blind & a female\u2026 i never knew, still quite shocked!!!!!!! [PAR] BERTIE says: [PAR] September 2, 2009 at 9:20 pm [PAR] Just looking at these tests makes me feel more at rest. I have moderate colour acuity due to long sightedness but not colour blind although eyesight does affect your colour vision, yet i can see 22 of the 24 plates. Do you think i would pass an RAF medical colour test? [PAR] admin says: [PAR] Hi Bertie, [PAR] I redid your post without full capitals for you:) [PAR] The Air Force is probably the strictest career path in the world when it comes to color blindness. Whether or not you are accepted depends on how well you do with your visual tests, and which position you are seek. Which plates did you get wrong? A couple of the plates are supposed to appear blank if you have normal vision:) [PAR] You could also try my color arrangement test, it was designed by american military personel originally, though i doubt it is used in the UK. [PAR] Charles [PAR] September 24, 2009 at 11:03 pm [PAR] Thanks Admin [PAR] I can do the colour arrangement test and it reports I\u2019m not colour blind because I complete it correctly. A couple of the plates above that I couldn\u2019t see were 73 and 5. Must point out that some of these plates I have to really look at to get the numbers. I have done the Farnsworth 100 Hue Test and manage to do very well on it. I know my current perscription for glasses has been changed slightly and these glasses are heavily scratched. I find my glasses do affect my colour vision, making colours appear slightly darker then normal. Without the glasses I have very good colour acuity but at a restricted distance. Can I just ask how accurate are these tests? Are your plates a true representation or do you think the reproduction of your plates makes it harder to see the numbers. [PAR] Thanks again, Bertie [PAR] September 25,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pharmacology | definition of pharmacology by Medical ... Pharmacology | definition of pharmacology by Medical dictionary [PAR] Pharmacology | definition of pharmacology by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pharmacology [PAR] Related to pharmacology: pharmacokinetics , Clinical pharmacology [PAR] pharmacology [PAR] [fahr\u2033mah-kol\u00b4o-je] [PAR] the science that deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of drugs; it includes pharmacognosy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, and toxicology. adj., adj pharmacolog\u00b4ic. [PAR] phar\u00b7ma\u00b7col\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (far'm\u0103-kol'\u014f-j\u0113), [PAR] The science concerned with drugs, their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions, and uses. [PAR] [pharmaco- + G. logos, study] [PAR] pharmacology [PAR] /phar\u00b7ma\u00b7col\u00b7o\u00b7gy/ (-kol\u00b4ah-je) the science that deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of drugs; it includes pharmacognosy, pharmocokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, and toxicology. [PAR] pharmacology [PAR] 1. The science of drugs, including their composition, uses, and effects. [PAR] 2. The characteristics or properties of a drug, especially those that make it medically effective. [PAR] phar\u2032ma\u00b7co\u00b7log\u2032ic (-k\u0259-l\u014fj\u2032\u012dk), phar\u2032ma\u00b7co\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal (-\u012d-k\u0259l) adj. [PAR] phar\u2032ma\u00b7co\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal\u00b7ly adv. [PAR] phar\u2032ma\u00b7col\u2032o\u00b7gist n. [PAR] pharmacology (phar) [PAR] Etymology: Gk, pharmakon + logos, science [PAR] the study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs. [PAR] pharmacology [PAR] The field that studies the characteristics, effects and uses of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. [PAR] pharmacology [PAR] The study of the science and clinical application of medications; the study of drugs, their sources, their nature and properties. See Clinical pharmacology, Cosmetic pharmacology, Recombinant pharmacology . [PAR] phar\u00b7ma\u00b7col\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (fahr'm\u0103-kol'\u014f-j\u0113) [PAR] The science concerned with drugs and their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions, and uses. [PAR] [pharmaco- + G. logos, study] [PAR] pharmacology [PAR] The science of DRUGS . Pharmacology is concerned with the origins, isolation, purification, chemical structure and synthesis, assay, effects, uses, side effects, relative effectiveness of drugs and the influence of genetic factors on drug action. It thus includes, among other disciplines, GENETICS , ORGANIC CHEMISTRY , PHARMACOKINETICS , THERAPEUTICS and TOXICOLOGY . [PAR] pharmacology [PAR] the study of pharmaceutical agents, their preparation, uses and effects. [PAR] phar\u00b7ma\u00b7col\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (fahr'm\u0103-kol'\u014f-j\u0113)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anglophobia - definition of Anglophobia by The Free Dictionary Anglophobia - definition of Anglophobia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Anglophobia - definition of Anglophobia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Anglophobia [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to Anglophobia: Anglophobic [PAR] One who dislikes or fears England, its people, or its culture. [PAR] An\u2032glo\u00b7pho\u2032bi\u00b7a n. [PAR] An\u2032glo\u00b7pho\u2032bic adj. [PAR] Anglophobia [PAR] Anglophobia - dislike (or fear) of Britain and British customs [PAR] dislike - a feeling of aversion or antipathy; \"my dislike of him was instinctive\" [PAR] Anglophilia - admiration for Britain and British customs [PAR] Translations [PAR] Anglophobia [PAR] n \u2192 Anglophobie f (form), \u2192 Englandhass m [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] England [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] Well, then, you shall have plenty of it; and first, I see you've not much more sense than some others of my acquaintance\"(indicating me with his thumb), \"or else you'd never turn rabid about that dirty little country called England; for rabid, I see you are; I read Anglophobia in your looks, and hear it in your words. [PAR] View in context [PAR] He begins with a discussion of Hegel's reform-bill article claiming that, contrary to the traditional view, it was not a sour mix of anglophobia and Prussian chauvinism but a shrewd analysis of the political situation as of mid-1831 which correctly identified the structural weaknesses of the existing British state, most notably its dominance by a corrupt and incompetent aristocracy, and pointed the direction that politics must take if the nation was to avoid revolution. [PAR] As Britain's elections near, voters are facing a wall of falsehoods [PAR] Anglophobia ruled for a decade until former Education Minister Leighton Andrews invited in Tony Blair's Sir Michael Barber. [PAR] End the debate and just get on with the teaching; The groundswell of support for the Welsh Government's review of curriculum arrangements are supposed to bode well for the future. But in a hard-hitting column, education expert Terry Mackie argues otherwise [PAR] A Call to Arms: Propaganda, Public Opinion, and Newspapers in the Great War (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004); Matthew Stibbe, German Anglophobia and the Great War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001); David Welch, Germany, Propaganda and Total War, 1914-1918: The Sins of Omission (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2000). [PAR] Mencken's nietzsche [PAR] Multicultural Nationalism: Islamaphobia, Anglophobia, and Devolution. [PAR] Ghanaian and Somali immigrants in Toronto's rental market: a comparative cultural perspective of housing issues and coping strategies [PAR] 25) Crawford told Stonehaven that the American actions at Geneva would undoubtedly cause a wave of Anglophobia to arise in the United States due to a number of things. [PAR] Imperial networks, imperial defence, and perceptions of American influence on the British Empire in the interwar period: the case of the 27th Earl of Crawford and Balcarres [PAR] For one, he had none of the French Anglophobia stimulated by events like Mers-el-Kebir (the battle in 1940 off the coast of French Algeria when the British Navy attacked and destroyed much of the French fleet), which soldiers like Colonel Serge-Henri Parisot never got over even up to his death last February at age 100.[DOC] [TLE] Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture | Phobia ... Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture | Phobia Source [PAR] Home \u00bb Phobia List [PAR] Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture [PAR] Anglophobia is defined as prejudice against"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PAMPLEMOUSSE, THE (FRENCH) GRAPEFRUIT - Urban Darling PAMPLEMOUSSE, THE (FRENCH) GRAPEFRUIT - Urban Darling [PAR] PAMPLEMOUSSE, THE (FRENCH) GRAPEFRUIT [PAR] June 17, 2014 Written by: Siena McLees 6 Comments [PAR] It\u2019s true that words sound undeniably romantic when spoken in the French language. For example, take grapefruit, one of my favorite summer fruits, denoting the scent of fresh citrus and sweet-smelling spice all wrapped into one big, bright, beautiful fruit. In French, grapefruit is \u2018pamplemousse\u2019 , which, to me, is reminiscent of the English word \u2018pampering\u2019, suggesting images of indulgence and luxury. [PAR] So, thankfully, this lovely, citrus fruit is all the rage in beauty this summer and found in a wide array of products in a vast price range. Better yet, a recent study published in Allure Magazine found that this summery citrus scent makes people believe you are ten years younger! Two of my favorite fragrances are Jo Malone Grapefruit, a musky, spicy grapefruit aroma, which comes in a pretty package, and fresh Hespirides, which smells as sweet, as a sugary, summer grapefruit. [PAR] Grapefruit, my summer citrus of choice; it\u2019s healthy, found in a diverse array of beauty products, and evokes a youthful image. C\u2019est fantastique! [PAR] Beauty Products: Fragrance (exact Here & Here ), Lotion (exact Here & Here , similar Here ) / Lipcare (exact Here & Here ) / Cleansers (exact Here , similar Here ) [wpsharely]Thanks for spreading the love! The coupon codes below were working as of the date of this post: Macys SUMMER \u2013 Save 15%-20% off Most Departments Site Wide (Expires Jun 22, 2014) [/wpsharely]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] xXx (2002) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb xXx (2002) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb [PAR] Full Cast & Crew [PAR] Zither Player (as Michal Muller) [PAR] Rest of cast listed alphabetically: [PAR] Party Attendee with Boxing Gloves (uncredited) [PAR] Create a character page for: [PAR] Create \u00bb [PAR] co-designer/sculptor: Samuel Jackson's prosthetic makeup (uncredited) [PAR] Production Management [PAR] production supervisor: Sacramento Unit (uncredited) [PAR] Second Unit Director or Assistant Director [PAR] special effects miniature pyro (uncredited) [PAR] Visual Effects by [PAR] effects technician: miniature pyrotechnic (uncredited) [PAR] Stunts [PAR] medic: second unit stunts Los Angeles (uncredited) [PAR] Thanks [PAR] this film is dedicated to the memory of (as Harry L. O'Connor) [PAR] See also [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 13 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 28 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 25 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] Vin Diesel (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Vin Diesel (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Vin Diesel [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Jul 18, 1967 [PAR] Vin Diesel is an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He became known in the early 2000s, appearing in several successful Hollywood films, including The Fast and the Furious and xXx. He founded the production companies One Race Films, Tigon Studios, and Racetrack Records.\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Vin Diesel Premiere's Action 'threequel' In London [PAR] Reuters.com - 9 days ago [PAR] '<mark>Vin Diesel</mark> marked his return to the \\\"xXx\\\" franchise at the European premiere of \\\"xXx: Return of Xander Cage\\\" in London. Rough Cut - no reporter narration. \\n \\n ' [PAR] Vin Diesel Can't Stop Hitting On Brazilian Journalist During Cringeworthy Interview [PAR] Huffington Post - Dec 22, 2016 [PAR] ' \\n \\n \\n During a recent press junket at the Comic Con Experience 2016 in Brazil, <mark>Vin Diesel</mark> gave what might be 2016\u00e2\u0080\u0099s most cringeworthy interview.\u00c2 \\n The actor sat down with Brazilian journalist Carol Moreira to promote his upcoming film \u00e2\u0080\u009cxXx: Return of Xander Cage.\u00e2\u0080\u009d However, the only thing he seemed to want to talk about was Moreira\u00e2\u0080\u0099s appearance,\u00c2 making her feel extremely uncomfortable.\u00c2 \\n Moreira uploaded the interview to YouTube Wednesday, adding a short com... [PAR] The First 'fate Of The Furious' Trailer Features Explosions And A Villainous Charlize Theron [PAR] Huffington Post - Dec 13, 2016 [PAR] ' \\n function onPlayerReadyVidible(e){\\'undefined\\'!=typeof HPTrack&amp;&amp;HPTrack.Vid.Vidible_track(e)}!function(e,i){if(e.vdb_Player){if(\\'object\\'==typeof commercial_video){var a=\\'\\',o=\\'m.fwsitesection=\\'+commercial_video.site_and_category;if(a+=o,commercial_video[\\'package\\']){var c=\\'&amp;m.fwkeyvalues=sponsorship%3D\\'+commercial_video[\\'package\\'];a+=c}e.setAttribute(\\'vdb_params\\',a)}i(e.vdb_Player)}else{var t=arguments.callee;setTimeout(function(){t(e,i)},0)}}(document.getEle... [PAR] ABC News - Dec 02, 2016 [PAR] 'Diesel said recently thinking about Walker required \\\"a lot of tissues.\\\"' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Vin Diesel. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1967 Birth Born on July 18, 1967. [PAR] TWENTIES [PAR] 1995 27 Years Old The film was selected for screening at the 1995 Cannes Festival. He made his first feature-length film, Strays (1997), an urban drama in which he played a gang leader whose love for a woman inspires him to try to change his ways. Written, directed, and produced by Diesel, the film was selected for competition at the 1997 Sundance Festival, leading to an MTV deal to turn it into a series. [PAR] THIRTIES [PAR] 1998 30 Years Old He was then cast in Steven Spielberg's 1998 Oscar-winning film Saving Private Ryan on the poignancy of his performance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Uruguay \u2013 Spanish Language and Culture - VeinteMundos Spanish in Uruguay | Learn Spanish online for free with VeinteMundos [PAR] More VeinteMundos\u2019 articles hier . [PAR] Other languages spoken [PAR] Portuguese \u2013 spoken by around 28,000 speakers not including those who speak the Portuguese dialect of Portu\u00f1ol riverense (mix of Spanish and Portuguese) [PAR] Italian and Standard German \u2013 over 20,000 speakers, due to immigration in the 20th century [PAR] Because English is the language of commerce and because of Uruguay\u2019s important economic advances it is spoken by much of the population as a second language [PAR] Spanish dialects and variations [PAR] Because of its smaller size there are fewer variations in accents acrros the country, but you can find Portu\u00f1ol (or brasiliero), a mix of Spanish and Portuguese, in towns and cities along the border with Brazil. (Most linguists classify this dialect as a variety of Portuguese) [PAR] Lunfardo \u2013 is an argot that developed in the suburb of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. One characteristic is the reversal of syllable order (tango \u2013 gotan). Some Tangos and Milongas today are still sung in Lunfardo. [PAR] There are slight variations in Uruguayan Spanish spoken in Montevideo and in the rest of the country. [PAR] Geography and Climate [PAR] Uruguayan territory is predominantly composed of plains and small hill ranges split by rivers and basins. The weather is temperate and humid with warm to hot summers and tropical air flowing down from Brazil. In the winter, polar air can make it cool to cold although it rarely goes below 0 degrees (Celsius) and it rarely snows. Weather changes can be abrupt since there are no mountains to shield from winds. [PAR] Destinations in Uruguay [PAR] Beaches and coast (Punta del Este, Cabo Polonio, Isla de Lobos) [PAR] Montevideo (Old City, architecture, the Rambla) [PAR] Colonia del Sacramento (its historic quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site) [PAR] Casapueblo [PAR] River cities (Salto, Fray Bentos, Paysandu) [PAR] Nature and countryside (Laguna del Sauce, Rio Negro) [PAR] Wine orchards and estancias (ranches \u2013 Posta del Chuy) [PAR] History & Politics [PAR] Uruguay was first claimed by the Portuguese and in the 18th century taken by the Spanish resulting in an almost total annihilation of the indigenous population. It gained its independence with the fall of the Spanish monarchy in 1808 but spent the following 20 years fighting against Brazil and Argentina. In the early 20th century liberal president Jose Batlle installed important social and economic reforms. The military dictatorship of 1973 gave Uruguay the nickname of the \u201ctorture chamber of Latin America\u201d. Today Uruguay is one of the more stable and least corrupt countries in Latin America. [PAR] \u00bfSab\u00edas qu\u00e9\u2026.? Uruguay is by far the smallest country, in terms of population, to ever win a World Cup. [PAR] Famous People [PAR] Jorge Drexler (musician, Al otro lado del Rio \u2013 Motorcycle Diaries Soundtrack) [PAR] Eduardo Acevedo D\u00edaz (writer, Soledad) [PAR] Diego Forl\u00e1n (footballer) [PAR] Gerardo Matos Rodriguez (Tango Composer, La Cumparsita) [PAR] Jos\u00e9 Enrique Rod\u00f3 (writer, Ariel) [PAR] Marcelo Bertalmio (movie director) [PAR] Juan carlos Onetti (writer \u2013 No Man\u2019s Land) [PAR] China Zorilla (actress)[DOC] [TLE] Official Language of Uruguay - EmbassyAnkara.com Spanish Phrases For Visitors to Uruguay Uruguay | EmbassyAbuDhabi.com [PAR] Uruguayan Money, Services & More [PAR] Languages Spoken in Uruguay [PAR] The people of Uruguay speak Spanish. The main national and official language of Uruguay is Spanish. Spanish is a Romance language and placed 2nd based on the amount of native speakers of 340 million. [PAR] We have produced a collection of regular Spanish tourist language phrases or words,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alan Shepard: First American in Space Alan Shepard: First American in Space [PAR] Alan Shepard: First American in Space [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] May 5, 2014 10:00am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Alan Shepard became the first American in space when the Freedom 7 spacecraft blasted off from Florida on May 5, 1961. Ten years later, Shepard would leave Earth's atmosphere again to become the fifth man to walk on the moon \u2014 and the first one to play golf there. [PAR] Born Nov. 18, 1923, to Renza Emerson and Alan Shepard, Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr . grew up in rural New Hampshire. After graduating from high school, he attended the U.S. Naval Academy, graduating the day after D-Day. An ensign, Shepard spent the last year of World War II on a destroyer in the Pacific. [PAR] NASA astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space on May 5, 1961 aboard his Mercury spacecraft Freedom 7. [PAR] Credit: NASA. [PAR] Over the next 15 years, Shepard served in the Navy in various capacities. He received a civilian pilot's license while in naval flight training, and spent several tours on aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean. He attended the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School in 1950, and then went on to participate in a number of developmental tests for various crafts, as well as trials of the first angled carrier deck. He then became an instructor in the Test Pilot School. He logged more than 8,000 hours of flight time over the course of his career. [ Photos: Freedom 7, America's 1st Human Spaceflight ] [PAR] Shepard attended the Naval War College in Rhode Island. Following his 1957 graduation, he was assigned as an aircraft readiness officer on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet. [PAR] Upon his return home at the close of World War II, Shepard married Louise Brewer, whom he had met while attending the Naval Academy. The couple had two daughters. [PAR] The right stuff [PAR] In 1959, 110 test pilots were invited to volunteer for the space flight program headed by the new National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Although Shepard was on the list, a snafu kept him from receiving his invitation. Regardless, he was selected as one of the first seven astronauts for the organization. Known as the Mercury 7, the group included John Glenn , Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Donald \"Deke\" Slayton, Malcolm \"Scott\" Carpenter, Walter \"Wally\" Schirra, and Gordon Cooper. From this prestigious group of highly trained fliers, Shepard was selected to man the first space flight , with Glenn acting as his backup. [PAR] Astronaut Alan B. Shepard is rescued by a U.S. Marine helicopter at the end of his sub-orbital Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3) flight May 5, 1961. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] The stakes were raised in the space race on April 15, 1961, when the Soviet Union launched cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into space and he became the first person to orbit the Earth. Gagarin beat the Americans by less than a month. Shepard's launch was initially scheduled for May 2, but was rescheduled twice because of weather conditions. On May 5, Freedom 7 lifted off, carrying Shepard to an altitude of 116 miles for a 15-minute flight. Because of the placement of the porthole windows, the first American in space was unable to catch a glimpse of the stars, and he was strapped in too tight to experience weightlessness. Also, a filter left on the periscope window rendered the Earth below in black and white. [PAR] Although the Soviets had reached the historic milestone first,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Al Murrary: the Pub Landlord and me - Telegraph Al Murrary: the Pub Landlord and me - Telegraph [PAR] Comedy [PAR] Al Murrary: the Pub Landlord and me [PAR] Comedian Al Murray tells the story of his 20-year relationship with his hilariously awful alter-ego, the Pub Landlord. [PAR] By Al Murray [PAR] 3:36PM BST 24 Oct 2012 [PAR] \"But you\u2019re nothing like him.\u201d I\u2019ve been playing the Pub Landlord for the best part of 20 years now and I\u2019m still amazed when people say this. \u201cOf course, I\u2019m nothing like him,\u201d I say. After all, as far as I can tell, the Pub Landlord is so preposterous, so ghastly, so plainly \u2014 how can I put this? \u2014 a joke, I find myself marvelling at the idea that anyone could be like him, let alone me. This is just one of the occupational hazards of playing an alter ego, but one that I\u2019m fine with. Because the gap between him and me is one of the things that, I think, allow the character to work. [PAR] I stumbled across the Pub Landlord by accident; he was conceived in the teeth of a particularly immediate deadline in 1994, backstage, 10 minutes or so before I had to go on and comp\u00e8re at the Edinburgh Fringe. Harry Hill, his \u201cadopted son Alan\u201d (Matt Bradstock-Smith, a GP) and I had put together a deliberately ropy band called the Pub Band and taken it to Edinburgh as part of a new show. The show consisted of Harry doing a set, some dancing, a film and then the band providing the big finish. I was meant to comp\u00e8re, but had failed to come up with any shtick that worked. [PAR] Ten minutes before the first show I had what, in retrospect, was a Eureka moment. As we were playing in a bar, and the show was called *Pub Internationale*, why not say the comp\u00e8re hadn\u2019t shown up (which was true, figuratively speaking) and that the barman, the Pub Landlord, had offered to fill in? Harry said \u201cYeah OK fine whatever\u201d, and 10 minutes later, with some stuff jotted down, on I went. It worked. While Harry did his set, I jotted some more. The following day I cut off my hair, the Edinburgh run was a big hit, we went on tour and six months later I had an hour of material \u00ad\u2014 in other words, an act. [PAR] Comedy has always felt like a detour from what I imagined I\u2019d end up doing. I went to Oxford, did a history degree (well, got through a history degree) and found that the comedy scene there was incredibly exciting and offered a possible career that contained things the 21-year-old me liked the look of: interesting and funny people, a fair continuation of a laid-back student lifestyle and plenty of opportunities to show off. [PAR] Right from the start it was clear to me that the act had legs, because the margins seemed so clear. When you know where the edges are it\u2019s much easier to fill in the rest of the picture. Precisely because I wasn\u2019t being me, I could talk about the things I wanted to talk about without having to wonder whether anyone was interested. Performing as myself I wouldn\u2019t know how to begin. And the last thing I want to do is talk about myself. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] The world of Al Murray, comedian [PAR] 12 Aug 2011 [PAR] The quest for authenticity in stand-up is one I can\u2019t really relate to. Performance is so tied up in ritual and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Historic Figures: Lady Jane Grey (1537 - 1554) BBC - History - Historic Figures: Lady Jane Grey (1537 - 1554) [PAR] z [PAR] Lady Jane Grey \u00a9 Jane was nominal queen of England for just nine days in 1553, as part of an unsuccessful bid to prevent the accession of the Catholic Mary Tudor. [PAR] Jane was born in the autumn of 1537, the daughter of the Marquess of Dorset. Through her mother, Lady Frances Brandon, she was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII. At around the age of 10, Jane entered the household of Henry VIII's last queen, Katherine Parr where she was exposed to a strongly Protestant, academic environment. Jane developed into an intelligent and pious woman. [PAR] In October 1551, her father was created duke of Suffolk and Jane began to appear at court. There, real power lay in the hands of the fiercely Protestant Duke of Northumberland, who acted as regent to the young king, Edward VI. In May 1553, Jane was married to Northumberland's son, Lord Guildford Dudley. [PAR] It became clear that Edward was dying, and Northumberland was desperate to prevent the throne passing to Edward's half-sister and heir, the Catholic Mary Tudor. Northumberland persuaded the king to declare Mary illegitimate, as well as Edward's other half-sister Elizabeth, and alter the line of succession to pass to Jane. [PAR] Edward died on 6 July 1553. Four days later, Jane was proclaimed queen. However, Mary Tudor had widespread popular support and by mid-July, even Suffolk had abandoned his daughter and was attempting to save himself by proclaiming Mary queen. Northumberland's supporters melted away and Suffolk easily persuaded his daughter to relinquish the crown. [PAR] Mary imprisoned Jane, her husband and her father in the Tower of London. While Suffolk was pardoned, Jane and her husband were tried for high treason in November 1553. Jane pleaded guilty and was sentenced to death. The carrying out of the sentence was suspended, but Suffolk's support for Sir Thomas Wyatt's rebellion in February 1554 sealed Jane's fate. On 12 February, she and her husband were beheaded. Her father followed them two days later.[DOC] [TLE] Lady Jane Grey - English History Lady Jane Grey - Facts, Biography, Information & Portraits [PAR] Contact [PAR] Lady Jane Grey \u2013 Facts, Biography, Information & Portraits [PAR] Jane Grey remains one of the most compelling and tragic figures in Tudor history. She possessed royal blood through her grandmother, Princess Mary Tudor, and this heritage brought her to the scaffold in 1554. Jane had been named heiress to the English throne in her great-uncle Henry VIII\u2019s will, but only if his son Edward and daughters Mary and Elizabeth died without issue. But Edward ruled for just six years and his ambitious advisor, John Dudley, was determined to remain in power. To that end, he persuaded Edward to write his own will and leave the throne to his pious cousin, Jane Grey. Though just fifteen at the time, she was known for her Protestant piety and learning; it was this religious devotion which persuaded Edward to alter the succession. Deeply pious himself, he could not leave the throne to his Catholic sister, Mary. Jane was quickly wed to Dudley\u2019s son and crowned queen of England in July 1553. But she ruled for just nine days, trapped and unhappy. Mary Tudor claimed the throne with great popular support and Jane was imprisoned in the Tower of London. Her subsequent execution was a political necessity for Mary Tudor. Despite her youth, Jane met her end with great dignity and courage. [PAR] \u2018I think"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joint pain: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Joint pain: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] Unusual exertion or overuse, including strains or sprains [PAR] Home Care [PAR] Follow your health care provider's recommendation for treating the cause of the pain. [PAR] For nonarthritis joint pain, both rest and exercise are important. Warm baths, massage, and stretching exercises should be used as often as possible. [PAR] Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may help the soreness feel better. [PAR] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen or naproxen may help relieve pain and swelling. Talk to your provider before giving aspirin or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen to children. [PAR] When to Contact a Medical Professional [PAR] Contact your provider if: [PAR] You have fever that is not associated with flu symptoms. [PAR] You have lost 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) or more without trying (unintended weight loss). [PAR] Your joint pain lasts for more than 3 days. [PAR] You have severe, unexplained joint pain and swelling, particularly if you have other unexplained symptoms. [PAR] What to Expect at Your Office Visit [PAR] Your provider will perform a physical exam and ask you questions about your medical history and symptoms, including: [PAR] Which joint hurts? Is the pain on one side or both sides? [PAR] What started the pain and how often have you had it? Have you had it before? [PAR] Did this pain begin suddenly and severely, or slowly and mildly? [PAR] Is the pain constant or does it come and go? Has the pain become more severe? [PAR] Have you injured your joint? [PAR] Have you had an illness, rash, or fever? [PAR] Does resting or moving make the pain better or worse? Are certain positions more or less comfortable? Does keeping the joint elevated help? [PAR] Do medicines, massage, or applying heat reduce the pain? [PAR] What other symptoms do you have? [PAR] Is there any numbness ? [PAR] Can you bend and straighten the joint? Does the joint feel stiff? [PAR] Are your joints stiff in the morning? If so, for how long does the stiffness last? [PAR] What makes the stiffness better? [PAR] Tests that may be done include: [PAR] Sedimentation rate [PAR] Blood tests specific to various autoimmune disorders [PAR] Physical therapy for muscle and joint rehabilitation may be recommended. A procedure called arthrocentesis may be needed to remove fluid from the sore joint. [PAR] Alternative Names [PAR] Stiffness in a joint; Pain - joints; Arthralgia [PAR] Images [PAR] The structure of a joint [PAR] References [PAR] Bykerk VP, Crow MK. Approach to the patient with rheumatic disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 256. [PAR] Schaible H-G. Joint pain: basic mechanisms. In: McMahon SB, Koltzenburg M, Tracey I, Turk DC, eds. Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:chap 44. [PAR] Read More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Legendary Goalkeepers In Fifa World Cup History 10 Legendary Goalkeepers In Fifa World Cup History [PAR] 10 Legendary Goalkeepers In Fifa World Cup History [PAR] by Sameer Arshad | Posted on Friday, April 25th, 2014 | 0 [PAR] #1. Lev Yashin (USSR) [PAR] World Cups: 4 (1958, 1962, 1966, 1970) [PAR] World Cup Wins: none [PAR] International Caps: 78 (1954\u20131970) [PAR] Widely regarded as the best goal keeper in the history of world football by IFFHS. \u201cGolden Glove award\u201d is named after him and being considered the greatest goalkeeper of all times without winning the world cup is saying somthing. [PAR] Playing under the flag of soviet union, Yashin guided his national side to European Championship glory in 1960, he also played a big role in gold medal victory in Olympic football event. He also won the \u201cEuropean footballer of the year\u201d award as a goalkeeper first time in history. [PAR] Yashin stopped 151 penalty kicks in his career and kept 270 cleansheets while playing for both national side and the club side Dynamo Moscow. He started the trend of pushing ball out of danger instead of trying to catch. He also started quick throwballs to start counter attacking football. [PAR] #2. Dino Zoff (Italy) [PAR] World Cups \u2013 (1970, 1974, 1978, 1982) [PAR] World Cup Wins \u2013 (1982) [PAR] Total Italy Caps \u2013 112 (1968 to 1983) [PAR] The greatest Italian goalkeeper, yes even better than Gigi Buffon. Zoff played through 60\u2019s to 80\u2019s with Italian national side and big name in Juventus history. He was part of Italy squad in 4 fifa world cups and won the trophy as a captain in 1982. He also won 5 back to back league titles with Juventus. [PAR] Zoff has many records to his name the most notable of longest time without conceding a goal in international football which is around (1,142 minutes). Once retired, he started coaching career and managed several clubs in Italy before took on the role as national team coach. [PAR] #3. Iker Casillas (Spain) [PAR] World Cups: (2002, 2006, 2010) [PAR] World Cup Wins: (2010) [PAR] International Caps: 153 [PAR] The greatest shot stoppers in the history of world football ? fair enough ? Iker Casillas has won everything with his national side and club side Real Madrid, since we are talking about international football we stick to his achievments in world cups and european championships. Casillas was part of spain squad in 2002 world cup, started as the main goal-keeper in 2006 and won his first major trophy with spain team in 2008 euro championship. [PAR] In 2010 he guided Spain to World Cup glory and only conceded two goals in whole tournament keeping 5 clean sheets, he won the golden glove award for his impressive performances in world cup 2010. In Euro 2012 he again guided spain to championship glory winning three back to back major international tournaments as captain. [PAR] He is still going strong and already have more than 150 caps to his name, will probably captain Spain in 2014 world cup in Brazil. [PAR] #4. Gylmar dos Santos Neves (Brazil) [PAR] World Cups: 3 (1958, 1962, 1966) [PAR] World Cup wins: 2 (1958, 1962) [PAR] International Caps: 104 (1953\u20131969) [PAR] Gylmar played 104 times for Brazil and only conceded 95 goals in his international career, he was part of three consecutive world cups for Brazil from 1958 to 66 and won the world cup twice. Gylmar is the only goalkeeper in the history to have won back to back world cups which makes his record even more unique."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Alphabet Mode was entered - Phone Keyboard Phone Keyboard Alphabet Mode uses 12 Keys to Text Message [PAR] Internet Access, Text Messaging and Alphanumeric Paging from any Phone in the World [PAR] Press [*] key to enter Upper-Case Alphabet Mode: [PAR] 1) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] 2) Sequential Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 3) Sequential Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 4) Simultaneous Key Presses [PAR] 5) Simultaneous Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 6) Simultaneous Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] Press [*] key 2 times to enter Shiftable Alphabet Mode: [PAR] 7) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] 8) Sequential Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 9) Sequential Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 10) Simultaneous Key Presses [PAR] 11) Simultaneous Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 12) Simultaneous Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] Press [*] key 3 times to enter Multi-Tap Mode: [PAR] 13) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] Any 12 key telephone keypad ca be used as a computer terminal keyboard. The speed and efficiency of the Phone Keyboard is faster and easier than all previous data entry methods using any phone or any twelve sensor keypad. All data entered on any standard computer keyboard can be entered using any 12 key phone keypad. A demonstration of the working invention is found on PhoneKeyboard.com . [PAR] The Phone Keyboard uses the phone in the same standard way. Pressing the desired number keys [1] through [9] and a [0] still produces the numbers 1 - 9 and 0. Pressing the left asterisk [*] key once exits the standard number mode and enters a 2 key Alphabet Mode. Letters are produced in the Alphabet Mode by pressing the desired letter on a number key [1] through [9], followed by one of three position keys: the \"left\" asterisk [*] key for the left letter, the \"middle\" zero [0] key for the middle letter or the \"right\" pound [#] key for the right letter. The [2] key has the letters \"A\", \"B\" and \"C\" located on it. The left \"A\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the left asterisk [*] key. The middle \"B\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the middle zero [0] key. The right \"C\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the right pound [#] key. The phone code uses the \"Q\", \"space\" and \"Z\" located on the [1] key or the \"Q - Z\" on the [1]. The space can be produced by pressing the [1] key by itself or the middle zero [0] key while in the alphabet mode. Pressing the right pound [#] key followed by the zero [0] key exits the alphabet mode and re-enters the number mode. [PAR] Pressing the left asterisk [*] key 2 times exits the standard number mode and enters a Shiftable Alphabet Mode. Letters are produced in the Shiftable Alphabet Mode by pressing the desired letter on a number key [1] through [9], followed by one of three position keys: the \"left\" asterisk [*] key for the left letter, the \"middle\" zero [0] key for the middle letter or the \"right\" pound [#] key for the right letter. The [2] key has the letters \"A\", \"B\" and \"C\" located on it. The left \"a\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the left asterisk [*] key. Pressing the left asterisk [*] key twice produces the capital \"A\". The middle \"b\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the middle zero [0] key. Pressing the middle zero [0] key twice produces the capital \"B\". The right \"c\" is produced by pressing the [2] key followed by the right pound [#]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arctic Monkeys: Favourite Worst Nightmare - Music on ... Arctic Monkeys: Favourite Worst Nightmare (Standard Version) - Music on Google Play [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Lisa Wms March 19, 2016 [PAR] I was lucky enough to pay 99\u00a2... ... so even if you've never heard of AM before, go ahead, buy this album 'cause every song is certainly worth that $1 and more. Maybe they all just got together and jammed. But to me, the entire album sounds like a well-oiled machine where nothing was left to chance. I hear a great deal of effort and dedication put into each part. I feel everybody on board, having fun making a quality production. And so to AM I say, \u201cThanks for a wonderful album and a job well done!\u201d [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Joel Curran December 25, 2014 [PAR] Genius The album AM and Favorite Worst Nightmare are both wonderful crafts all in their own. The poetic elements that create the persona of this band and their albums thrills me every time I listen to their music. I'm a big fan of the band and their work, an even bigger fan of the two albums AM and Favorite Worst Nightmare. They bring a lot of poetic justice to alternative rock. I love it. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Claudia Wu January 25, 2015 [PAR] This album is D is for Divine Favourite Worst Nightmare beats AM by a trillionfold; sucks that they were thrown into the mainstream because of AM. It's extremely irritating that many fangirls say they \"love\" Arctic Monkeys when they only listen to their AM album. The lyrical imagery in the album is truly astounding and it never fails to give me great chills. Undoubtedly, Alex has a way with words. FWN is a perfect album for any mood. Listen to Balaclava! I think it's underrated, but a true masterpiece along with the rest of their songs. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Carlos Demarchi March 11, 2014 [PAR] Aweso.. Wait, Amazi... No, Incredibly This album has so much quality, it has that energy that makes you just wanna listen to it all day. All the song are brilliant. Someone can't just define this album in one word. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Alex H January 26, 2016 [PAR] Listened to every album I've listened to every album and my favorite by arctic monkeys has to be either Suck it and See or Humbug. But my favourite song comes from this album, I haven't found a song better than fluorescent adolescent in quite sometime now [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Bobby Meyer April 20, 2015 [PAR] 10/10 litaraly my favorite album ever Every single song on this album is perfect. They all are unique. Each song experience's some original. Top songs of album are D is for dangerous , This house is a circus [PAR] Full Review [PAR] DJ LEGION March 19, 2016 [PAR] I want more These guys are obviously crackerjack musicians and good song writers and this album is way better than the drivel most of the other teen audience bands are putting out - I'll give them that. But most of these songs just never took it to the next level for me. It wasn't until the 5th track: Florescent Adolescent that a song really held my interest. All the kiddies give this album 5 stars. Zeppelin IV is a 5 star album. This is a 3 star one. For 99cents, I did pick it up though. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Garrett Luttrell September 10, 2013 [PAR] Masterpiece AM at their best. Each song is distinctly unique. Beautifully"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup [PAR] Manchester United have become the first English club to win the European Cup beating Portuguese side Benfica by four goals to one. [PAR] Ten years after the Munich air crash, which killed eight of Matt Busby's young team, Manchester United have reached the pinnacle of European football. [PAR] Celtic became the first Scottish and British club to win the cup the previous year. [PAR] United's star player, George Best, was named European Footballer of the Year - just a fortnight after being named the football writers' Footballer of the Year. [PAR] Massive crowd [PAR] Tonight's match at Wembley was watched by a crowd of 100,000 and an estimated 250 million TV viewers. It was the biggest television audience since the World Cup final two years before. [PAR] As both teams wear red kit, United opted to play in their blue away strip for the game. [PAR] The first half passed in a flurry of fouls before Bobby Charlton headed the opening goal in the second half to make it 1-0. [PAR] With only 10 minutes left to go, Benfica scored the equaliser - and very nearly won the match when their feared striker Eusebio broke away from Nobby Stiles, the player tasked with marking him, and blasted the ball towards the net. [PAR] But it was saved by keeper Alex Stepney and the game went into extra time. [PAR] Winning goal [PAR] Two minutes into extra time Best put United ahead again, slipping round the keeper and gently tapping it over the line. [PAR] It was followed by two more United goals, from 19-year-old Brian Kidd and captain Bobby Charlton, taking the final score to 4-1. [PAR] Manager Matt Busby said: \"They've done us proud. They came back with all their hearts to show everyone what Manchester United are made of. This is the most wonderful thing that has happened in my life and I am the proudest man in England tonight.\" [PAR] Busby was seriously injured in the crash which claimed the lives of his so-called Busby Babes and there was speculation at the time that the club had been so badly damaged it would have to fold. [PAR] But they struggled on to complete the 1958/59 season and when Busby returned to the manager's role the following season he began the task of rebuilding the side. [PAR] The club won the league in 1965 and 1967, but today's win marks the pinnacle of the club's achievements. [PAR] Charlton and Bill Foulkes were the only survivors of the crash who played in today's final.[DOC] [TLE] UEFA Champions League - History \u2013 UEFA.com UEFA Champions League - History \u2013 UEFA.com [PAR] UEFA Champions League [PAR] 2010/11 Group stage, Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, Milan [PAR] Internazionale [PAR] 2012/13 Group stage, Est\u00e1dio do Drag\u00e3o, Porto [PAR] Porto [PAR] 2014/15 Group stage, Stadio Olimpico, Rome [PAR] Roma [PAR] Featured video [PAR] Barcelona\u2019s 2011 Wembley masterclass [PAR] Watch superb goals by Pedro, Lionel Messi and David Villa in a mesmerising display from Barcelona as they became kings of Europe for the fourth time with a 3-1 win against Manchester United at Wembley. [PAR] Watch Zidane\u2019s \u2018once in a lifetime\u2019 volley from 2002 [PAR] Watch Real Madrid head coach Zin\u00e9dine Zidane\u2019s amazing volley in the 2001 UEFA Champions League final and hear what the man himself remembers about that goal. [PAR] Watch Bayern\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meltemi wind - Greek Meltemi winds Turkey Greece ... Meltemi wind - Greek Meltemi winds Turkey Greece - Yachting and Sailing vacations the Aegean. [PAR] The Meltemi in Greece & Turkey [PAR] The Meltemi wind was known by the old Greeks as the Etesian [PAR] northern winds, and results from a high pressure system [PAR] (>1025) [PAR] laying over the Balkan/Hungary area and a relatively low pressure [PAR] (<1010) [PAR] system over Turkey . [PAR] Although this katabatic wind [PAR] can bring about harsh sailing conditions it also provides cooling, low humidity and good visibility. Furthermore, it can be characterized as one of the few Mediterranean winds that do not necessarily die out at the end of the day and can easily last more than three to six days. See my climate page for Greek weather statistics. [PAR] The onset is the monsoonal [PAR] effect of the summer season that leads to the development of an intense heat trough over southern Asia extending westward over the Anatolian plateau. Higher pressure dominates over the relatively cooler surface of the Mediterranean Sea, and settled, dry weather persists. Northerly winds prevail along the Greek coast during the winter also, but only those northerly winds occurring between May and November are considered Etesian. The pressure gradients necessary to drive the Meltemi result from a combination of: [PAR] The monsoonal effect during the summer that leads to a low pressure trough over Turkey. Etesian winds flow from a high pressure ridge over the Balkans toward the trough. During a strong Etesian, the trough may extend relatively far to the west and beyond Rhodes . It may also form a closed low, resulting in almost calm winds at Rhodes. [PAR] Synoptic conditions leading to anti-cyclogenesis [PAR] over the Balkans. [PAR] A jet-effect increase of wind caused by channelling of the wind between islands and mountain valleys. These effects tend to render wind reports from certain locations unrepresentative. In the lee of Crete, katabatic flow off the mountains generates gusty winds similar to the F\u00f6hn [PAR] of the Alps. The mountain valleys tend to channel the flow which increases the wind velocity. [PAR] The surface flow is generally divergent in an Etesian situation, and the weather is generally thought to be dry with clear skies. However, this is mostly true only during the main yacht charter season of July and August when scattered altocumulus appear a day before an Etesian, and the only other clouds are orographic [PAR] types that may form on the lee side of islands in stronger Etesian winds. [PAR] The Meltemi occurs mainly during the summer season (June - September with 70%), but also in May and October one may frequently experience this dry wind. [PAR] One should anticipate its maximum during July and August. [PAR] Usually the wind starts in the early afternoon reaching 4-5 Beaufort [PAR] and dies out at sun set. However, not uncommonly it reaches 5-7 Bft during the day, perseveres during the night and blows 5-7 Bft again the next day; a pattern which can easily be repeated over many days, sometimes even up to ten days. [PAR] If during this period sailing to windward cannot be avoided, it can be very wise to lift anchor at dawn and to cover as many miles as possible before the wind starts [PAR] . [PAR] [PAR] Important guidelines [PAR] Due to the katabatic nature of the meltemi one can experience strong fall winds on the leeward side of the islands, notorious are Kea (we did survive though), Evvia, Tinos and Andros , Folegandros , Kos , Serifos ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 17 Famous People Whose Twin Siblings Died - Ranker Celebrities Whose Twin Sibling Died [PAR] 17 Famous People Whose Twin Siblings Died [PAR] By Celebrity Lists 686k views 17 items tags f t p @ [PAR] List of famous people whose twin sibling died, loosely ranked by fame and popularity. Several famous people are twins. Unfortunately, a few celebrities who had a twin sibling had their twin died. Some of these famous people lost their twins at birth while others lost their twin sibling later in life. One of the most famous singers of all time had a twin who died. [PAR] Who is the most famous person who had a twin sibling who died? Elvis Presley tops this list. Elvis Presley's twin brother, Jesse Garon Presley, was stillborn. Actor Andy Garcia was born with a conjoined twin on his shoulder. The undeveloped fetus was removed when Garcia was a toddler. [PAR] Heather O'Rourke's twin brother was miscarried. Heather also died young when, at age 12, she suffered a cardiac arrest after a misdiagnosed intestinal stenosis. Jackson 5 singer Marlon Jackson's twin brother, Brandon, died the day they were born. [PAR] Do you think that these famous people were haunted by the death of their twins? Share your thoughts in the comments section. [PAR] Collection Photo: user uploaded image [PAR] <[DOC] [TLE] Celebrities You Didn't Know Had Twins - BuzzFeed Celebrities You Didn't Know Had Twins [PAR] BABYDIABOLICAL [PAR] Community User [PAR] This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz! [PAR] Justin Timberlake [PAR] Justin\u2019s twin sister died shortly after birth. [PAR] Shawn & Aaron Ashmore [PAR] Shawn Ashmore (X-Men) was born one minute after his twin brother Aaron . [PAR] Vin Diesel & Paul Vincent [PAR] Vin Diesel (born Mark Vincent) has a fraternal twin brother, Paul. [PAR] Jon & Dan Heder [PAR] Jon Heder (Napolean Dynamite) has an identical twin brother named Dan. [PAR] Elvis & Jesse Presley [PAR] Elvis Presley had a twin brother, Jesse Garon Presley, who died at birth. [PAR] Aaron & Angel Carter . [PAR] Charlotte & Samantha Ronson. [PAR] Jeremy & Jason London. [PAR] Jason and Jeremy London are actors who first hit it big in the \u201990s. Jason made his mark in the movies (his breakout was a starring role in the 1993 film \u201cDazed and Confused\u201d), while Jeremy had his biggest roles on TV in such dramas as \u201cI\u2019ll Fly Away,\u201d \u201cParty of Five\u201d and \u201c7th Heaven.\u201d The brothers rarely work together, but Jeremy was Jason\u2019s stunt double in the 1991 movie \u201cThe Man in the Moon,\u201d Jason filled in for Jeremy in a few episodes of \u201cI\u2019ll Fly Away\u201d and the twins were both on an episode of \u201c7th Heaven.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EVOLUTION OF CRICKET BAT - crickettamasha EVOLUTION OF CRICKET BAT - crickettamasha [PAR] crickettamasha [PAR] EVOLUTION OF CRICKET BAT: FROM [PAR] [PAR] SRILANKAN CRICKETERS WIFE/ GIRL FREINDS/ COUPLES [PAR] Cricket is often called as a game dominated by batsmen. The advent of formats like ODI and Twenty20 has further added to the woes of bowlers. The field restrictions, the free hit goes all against the bowlers. The justifications point to the only idea to make the game more entertaining. Its true that the crowd cheers more when a batsman hit the ball for a boundary or a six than when a bowler takes a wicket. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Let now talk about the origin or the evolution or the instrument called a bat in cricket. The shape of the initial bat was like a hockey stick to facilitate hitting the ball which used to be delivered underarm. After the law of the game allowed the bowlers to loop the ball in the air underarm, the transition began to happen to the shape of the cricket bat. This led to vertical swing by the batsman rather than horizontal sweeping as the ball started to bounce. It was only in the year 1820 when the law permitted round arm bowling, the shape of bat started to take the modern form. [PAR] Having reached the present shape, the size of the bat became an apple of discord. It went to the extent of players resorting to high width bats and one even to the size of stumps perfectly protecting the wickets. This happened by a player named Shock White playing for Ryegate against Hambleton in 1771.To end such unsportsmanlike like activities, Hambledon\u2019s recommendation that the size of the bat can be only maximum four and quarter inches was universally accepted. This led to change in batting techniques and batsmen started playing both vertical and horizontals shots instead of going only for horizontal wild swings. [PAR] With the changed shape of the bat, experimentation went on to choose the right quality of wood which can withstand the strokes of the hard cricket ball having the desired resilience. English Willow or the Salix Alba Caerulea was the initial choice for being resilient. Such bats were comparatively lighter of the time but used to weigh up to a massive five pounds. Necessity is the mother on invention. Hence the search was to find better options. English bat manufacturer M/S C.C.Bussey started using sapwood which happened to be lighter and attractive. Subsequently, the bat manufacturers started using white willows which proved to be much lighter. These bats were thinner and of straight. The blades used to carry more weight. The handle and the length were smaller. The weight of the bats was between two pounds to two pounds four ounces. With such changes in the shape of bats, the techniques of batting underwent changes. Improvisations like cuts, late cuts, leg glances, gliding were visible. In other words, timing of the ball became more evident than sere power hitting. [PAR] But again in the late 1920s saw use of heavier bats by players of the calibre of Sir Don Bradman, Jak Hobbs, Bill Ponsford. While Bradman used to prefer bats weighing about two pounds and two ounces, Ponsford used much heavier bat weighing two pounds and nine ounces. His bat was called \u201cBig Bertha\u201d bat. The willow of these bats were subjected to heavy compression during manufacturing. The shape of cricket bats remained almost similar from 1890. Use of golf putters with perimeter and Super Scoop bats with bigger hollow of the back were also experimented"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arnold Bennett | British author | Britannica.com Arnold Bennett | British author | Britannica.com [PAR] Arnold Bennett [PAR] Alternative Title: Enoch Arnold Bennett [PAR] Arnold Bennett [PAR] George Bernard Shaw [PAR] Arnold Bennett, in full Enoch Arnold Bennett (born May 27, 1867, Hanley, Staffordshire , England \u2014died March 27, 1931, London ), British novelist, playwright, critic, and essayist whose major works form an important link between the English novel and the mainstream of European realism. [PAR] Arnold Bennett. [PAR] From The New York Times Current History: The European War, Volume 1, 1915 [PAR] Bennett\u2019s father was a self-made man who had managed to qualify as a solicitor: the family atmosphere was one of sturdy respectability and self-improvement. Arnold, the eldest of nine children, was educated at the Middle School, Newcastle-under-Lyme; he then entered his father\u2019s office as a clerk. In 1889 he moved to London, still as a solicitor\u2019s clerk, but soon gained a footing in literature by writing popular serial fiction and editing a women\u2019s magazine. After the publication of his first novel, A Man from the North (1898), he became a professional writer, living first in the Bedfordshire countryside, then, following his father\u2019s death, moving to Paris in 1903. In 1907 he married a French actress, Marguerite Souli\u00e9; they separated in 1921. [PAR] Bennett is best known for his highly detailed novels of the \u201cFive Towns\u201d\u2014the Potteries , since amalgamated to form the city of Stoke-on-Trent , in his native Staffordshire. As a young writer he learned his craft from intensive study of the French realistic novelists, especially Gustave Flaubert and Honor\u00e9 de Balzac , who emphasized detailed description of people, scenes, and events. He also owes an immediate debt to George Moore , who was influenced by the same writers. Bennett\u2019s criticism was of such high calibre that, if he had never written fiction, he would rank as an important writer. He was less successful in his plays, although Milestones (1912), written with Edward Knoblock, and The Great Adventure (1913), adapted from his novel of five years earlier, Buried Alive (1908), both had long runs and have been revived. [PAR] Arnold Bennett, drawing by Walter Ernest Tittle, 1923; in the National Portrait Gallery, London [PAR] Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London [PAR] As early as 1893 he had used the \u201cFive Towns\u201d as background for a story, and his major novels\u2014 Anna of the Five Towns (1902), The Old Wives\u2019 Tale (1908), and Clayhanger (1910; included with its successors, Hilda Lessways, 1911, and These Twain, 1916, in The Clayhanger Family, 1925)\u2014have their setting there, the only exception being Riceyman Steps (1923), set in a lower-middle-class district of London. [PAR] Britannica Stories[DOC] [TLE] Anna of the Five Towns: Amazon.co.uk: Arnold Bennett ... Anna of the Five Towns: Amazon.co.uk: Arnold Bennett: 9781499117509: Books [PAR] Anna of the Five Towns [PAR] Add all three to Basket [PAR] One of these items is dispatched sooner than the other. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:Anna of the Five Towns by Arnold Bennett Paperback \u00c2\u00a34.49 [PAR] In stock. [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a310. Details [PAR] The Old Wives' Tale (Penguin Classics) by Arnold Bennett Paperback \u00c2\u00a312.08 [PAR] Only 4 left in stock (more on the way). [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery in the UK. Details [PAR] CLAYHANGER by ARNOLD BENNETT: New Edition by Enoch Arnold Bennett Paperback \u00c2\u00a37.65 [PAR] In stock. [PAR] Sent from and sold by Amazon. [PAR] FREE Delivery on orders over \u00c2\u00a310. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Gold Medal - definition of The Gold Medal by The Free ... The Gold Medal - definition of The Gold Medal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] The Gold Medal - definition of The Gold Medal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/The+Gold+Medal [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] gold medal [PAR] n [PAR] (Individual Sports, other than specified) a medal of gold, awarded to the winner of a competition or race. Compare silver medal , bronze medal [PAR] gold\u2032 med\u2032al [PAR] n. [PAR] a medal, traditionally of gold, awarded to a person or team finishing first in a competition. Compare bronze medal, silver medal. [PAR] [1905\u201310] [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] gold medal - a trophy made of gold (or having the appearance of gold) that is usually awarded for winning first place in a competition [PAR] trophy , prize - something given as a token of victory [PAR] Translations [PAR] gold [PAR] (gould) noun [PAR] 1. an element, a precious yellow metal used for making jewellery etc. This watch is made of gold; (also adjective) a gold watch. goud \u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e ouro zlato; zlat\u00fd das Gold, golden guld; guld- \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 oro kuld \u0637\u0644\u0627 kulta or ; en or, d'or \u05d6\u05d4\u05d1 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e zlato arany emas gull oro ; d'oro \u91d1 \uae08 auksas; auksinis zelts; zelta- emas goud ; goud- gull z\u0142oto \u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0632\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627 ouro (de/din) aur \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e zlato; zlat\u00fd zlato; zlat zlato guld \u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07 alt\u0131n \u9ec3\u91d1 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627 v\u00e0ng \u9ec4\u91d1 [PAR] 2. coins, jewellery etc made of gold. goud \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e ouro zlato das Gold guldm\u00f8nter; guldsmykker \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac oro kuld \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f kulta or \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05d5\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d6\u05b8\u05d4\u05b8\u05d1 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947, \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923 zlatnici arany emas gull oro \u91d1\u88fd\u54c1 \uae08\uc81c\ud488, \uae08\ud654 auksas zelts emas goudstukken gull z\u0142oto \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0632\u0631 ouro ban de aur \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e ; \u0431\ufffd\ufffd\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 zlato zlatnina zlatnik guld \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07 alt\u0131n \u91d1\u5e63\uff0c\u91d1\u9996\u98fe \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0633\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0633\u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng \u91d1\u5e01\uff0c\u91d1\u9970 [PAR] 3. the colour of the metal. the shades of brown and gold of autumn leaves; (also adjective) a gold carpet. goud \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442 dourado zlato; zlat\u00fd die Goldfarbe, goldfarben gylden \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03af , \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 oro ; dorado kuld(-) \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc kullanv\u00e4rinen or ; dor\u00e9 \u05d6\u05d4\u05d1 \u0938\u0942\u0928\u0939\u0930\u093e zlatan arany(s\u00e1rga) sz\u00edn warna emas gulllitur; gylltur oro ; dorato \u9ec4\u91d1\u8272\u306e \uae08\uc0c9 auksin\u0117 spalva zelta kr\u0101sa; zelta kr\u0101sas- berwarna keemasan goud ; goud- gull , gyllen farge z\u0142oty \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06ab dourado auriu, ca aurul \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 zlato; zlatist\u00fd zlata barva zlatan guld; guld-, gyllene \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07 alt\u0131n \u91d1\u8272 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0440 \u0633\u0646\u06c1\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u91d1\u8272 [PAR] \u02c8golden adjective [PAR] 1. of gold or the colour of gold. golden hair. goue \u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d dourado zlat\u00fd; zlatav\u00fd golden gylden \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 , \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 dorado , de oro kuld(kolla)ne \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u061b \u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0646 kultainen d'or , dor\u00e9 \u05de\u05d5\u05bc\u05d6\u05d4\u05b8\u05d1 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0939\u0930\u093e zlatan arany(b\u00f3l val\u00f3) keemasan gull-, \u00far gulli dorato , d'oro \u91d1 (\u8272) \u306e \uae08\ube5b\uc758 auksinis, aukso zelta-; zeltains berwarna keemasan gouden gyllen , gull- z\u0142oty , z\u0142ocisty \u062f\u0633\u0631\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0649\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0649 \u0631\u0646\u06ab dourado de aur; auriu \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 zlat\u00fd; zlatist\u00fd zlat zlatan guld-, gyllene \u0e2a\u0e35\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07 alt\u0131n , alt\u0131n sar\u0131s\u0131 \u91d1\u8272\u7684 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u06c1\u0631\u06d2 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0627 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng \u91d1\u8272 [PAR] 2. (of a wedding anniversary, jubilee etc) fiftieth. They will celebrate their golden wedding (anniversary) next month. goue \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064a \u043f\u0435\u0442\u0434\u0435\u0441e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 bodas de ouro zlat\u00fd golden guldbryllup \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 , \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 de oro kuld- \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0631\u062f kultah\u00e4\u00e4t d'or \u05d7\u05b2\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b7\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05d6\u05b8\u05d4\u05b8\u05d1 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f zlatna obljetnica aranylakodalom emas gull(br\u00fa\u00f0kaup) d'oro 50\u5468\u5e74\u306e (\uacb0\ud63c \uae30\ub150\uc77c \ub4f1\uc774) 50\ub144\uc9f8\uc758 auksinis (par k\u0101z\u0101m u.tml.) zelta- ke lima puluh gouden gullbryllup z\u0142oty \u067e\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0647"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Samuel Hieronymus Grimm - The Full Wiki Samuel Hieronymus Grimm - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Samuel Hieronymus Grimm [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Did you know ... [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Samuel Hieronymus Grimm [PAR] Occupation [PAR] Artist [PAR] Samuel Hieronymus Grimm (1733-94) was an 18th century Swiss artist who specialized in watercolour and pen and ink media. He studied under Johann Ludwig Aberli [2] in Berne in his home country before travelling in France until 1768 when he moved to England. Critics of his time remarked that Grimm was a \"man of genious\". [3] He was adopted as a travelling companion of the Rev. Sir Richard Kaye who became Rector of Kirkby in Ashfield in 1765 - his role was to record \"anything curious\". [4] . Kaye held the largely ceremonial role as Prebend of Durham Cathedral in the 1770s which was said to be \"a period of complacent materialism\". [5] [PAR] Contents [PAR] 6 Further reading [PAR] Early years [PAR] Old Whittington church, Derbyshire , as is was in 1785 as drawn by Samuel Hieronymus Grimm. This was Samuel Pegge 's church, later destroyed by a fire. [PAR] Grimm spent much of his early life producing etchings, pen and ink and watercolours in England , but before he arrived he had already supplied the illustrations for Friedrich von Hagedorn 's Poetische Werke which was published between 1769 and 1772 [2] . In 1775 he was known to be in Derbyshire and Staffordshire . By 1778 he was working in London . [3] [PAR] Role as recording historian [PAR] Country Fair by Samuel Hieronymus Grimm [PAR] Grimm achieved a niche of recording events of history that might otherwise have gone unreported in the detail he preserved them. For example, the British Library credits him with producing the only surviving scene of the coronation of Edward VI . [6] Another example of a unique artistic recording of a perished Gloucestershire architectural monument is the 1790 ink wash drawing Grimm produced at the Calcot Manor chape], which is long since ruined and a he recorded Samuel Pegge 's church which was later rebuilt after a fire. [PAR] The British Library possesses 2,662 drawings in twelve volumes by this artist, covering many of the counties of England [7] and a further 886 watercolours, in seven volumes, dedicated to the county of Sussex . [8] Samuel died in Tavistock Street in London and left his money to a niece in Switzerland. He was buried at St Paul's church in Covent Garden in a service taken by his erstwhile benefactor, the Dean of Lincoln, the Rev. Sir Richard Kaye. [1] [PAR] Patronage [PAR] Grimm's leading patron was Sir Richard Kaye, but this was not his only income. He also undertook work for the naturalist Gilbert White [8] and William Burrell. William Burrell gave Grimm's Sussex collection in 1796 whilst Sir Richard bequeathed his collection of Grimm's art to the British Museum in 1810. Luckily they valued his work more than Samuel who had left instructions for his papers to be destroyed after his death. [8] [PAR] References[DOC] [TLE] Artist h016 Oil Painting Museum h016 Artist h016 Oil Painting Museum h016 [PAR] Robert Hills [PAR] British Painter, 1769-1844 English painter and etcher. After taking drawing-lessons from John Alexander Gresse (1740-94), he enrolled at the Royal Academy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cosworth.com | Company History Cosworth.com | Company History [PAR] Company History [PAR] About [PAR] Company History [PAR] Since it was formed in 1958 by Mike Costin and Keith Duckworth, Cosworth has become the most successful independent engine manufacturer in history as well as one of the market leaders in performance electronics, with a string of driver and manufacturer titles to its credit in a wide range of formulae with impressive performances in Formula One, IndyCar, Champ Car, WRC, sportscars and MotoGP. [PAR] In the beginning [PAR] Cosworth began life in a small workshop in London in 1958. However, things quickly grew and a move to larger premises was soon required. The company moved to north London, where it began working on the development of the Ford 105E engine. Cosworth actually achieved its first victory when Jim Clark took a win in the Formula Junior category in his Lotus 18 at Goodwood in 1960. [PAR] The classic motorsport era [PAR] In 1964, the company moved to Northampton where bigger prospects were around the corner. In 1966, Duckworth signed a contract with Ford to develop a new three-litre Formula One engine, and the legendary DFV was born. It got its first taste of victory in 1967, when Jim Clark again provided the maiden victory at the Dutch Grand Prix. [PAR] The DFV, in subsequent development guises, went on to dominate the sport for 15 years and clinched 155 race wins during that time. [PAR] A host of famous names benefited from Costin and Duckworth's approach in Formula One. Jackie Stewart, Emerson Fittipaldi, Mario Andretti, James Hunt and Nelson Piquet all took championships using Cosworth engines during the 1970s. [PAR] This period of sustained dominance in Formula One played a key part in making Cosworth a major name in motor racing around the world and a favourite with fans. [PAR] [PAR] The 1980s & 1990s [PAR] Cosworth's success continued through the 1980's and 1990's in a range of championships around the world. The Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth and XG V6 powered Mondeo both won the World Touring Car Championship and the Zetec-V8 F1 engine powered Michael Schumacher to his first world championship title. [PAR] In North America the DFX and XB engines dominated the CART/Indy formula leading to Cosworth receiving the Queen's Award for Export achievement in both 1986 and 1992. [PAR] [PAR] The birth of motorsport electronics [PAR] This same period witnessed the spectacular growth of motorsport electronics and the establishment of data recording (or logging) and analysis as a cornerstone of modern high performance motorsport. [PAR] In 1987 Cosworth's electronics division was founded by Tony Purnell under the name Pi Research. The company initially focussed on providing electronic instrumentation for race teams and racecar manufacturers wanting to improve the quality of their data from wind tunnel testing. The extension from wind tunnel data gathering instrumentation to on-car data acquisition systems was the natural progression - and the Pi Research \"Black Box\" was born. [PAR] Used extensively in the North American IndyCar Championship, the Pi Research Black Box was the first electronic dash display and combined data logger to be used in professional motor sport. The success of the product in allowing teams to analyse performance parameters of the car, engine and chassis, as well as providing clear, accurate information for the driver marked a turning point in race car technology and defined the future for motorsport. [PAR] Following rapid expansion and several relocations, 1998 saw Cosworth's electronic division move to its current home - a purpose-designed facility just north of Cambridge in the UK. At this time Pi Research"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FAQ #9 \u2013 What is the normal Gestation period for a lioness ... FAQ #9 \u2013 What is the normal Gestation period for a lioness? \u00ab Ukutula [PAR] September 18, 2014 [PAR] lioness and cubs [PAR] The normal gestation period for a lioness is roughly 110 days. A lioness conceives between 2 \u2013 4 cubs. [PAR] In the wild, roughly 15 percent of all cubs born reach maturity, which means there is quite a high mortality rate. [PAR] Share this:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] APHRODITE - Greek Goddess of Love & Beauty (Roman Venus) APHRODITE - Greek Goddess of Love & Beauty (Roman Venus) [PAR] Aphrodite [PAR] Venus [PAR] Aphrodite riding goose, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., British Museum [PAR] APHRODITE was the Olympian goddess of love, beauty, pleasure and procreation. She was depicted as a beautiful woman often accompanied by the winged godling Eros (Love). Her attributes included a dove, apple, scallop shell and mirror. In classical sculpture and fresco she was usually depicted nude. [PAR] MYTHS [PAR] Some of the more famous myths featuring the goddess include:-- [PAR] Her birth from the sea foam. << More >> [PAR] Her adulterous affair with the god Ares. << More >> [PAR] Her love for Adonis, a handsome Cypriot youth who was tragically killed by a boar. << More >> [PAR] Her love for Ankhises (Anchises), a shepherd-prince. << More >> [PAR] The judgement of Paris in which the goddess was awarded the prize of the golden apple in return for promising Paris Helene in marriage. << More >> [PAR] The Trojan War in which she supported her favourites Paris and Aeneas and was wounded in the fighting. << More >> [PAR] The race of Hippomenes for Atalanta, which was won with the help of the goddess and her golden apples. << More >> [PAR] The death of Hippolytos, who was destroyed by the goddess for scorning her worship. << More >> [PAR] The statue of Pygmalion which was brought to life by Aphrodite in answer to his prayers. << More >> [PAR] The persecution of Psykhe (Psyche), the maiden loved by the goddess' son Eros. << More >> [PAR] Many other myths are detailed over the following pages. [PAR] APHRODITE PAGES ON THEOI.COM [PAR] This site contains a total of 18 pages describing the goddess Aphrodite, including general descriptions, mythology, and cult. The content is outlined in the Index of Aphrodite Pages (left column or below). [PAR] FAMILY OF APHRODITE [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1] Born from the castrated genitals of OURANOS in the sea's foam (Hesiod Theogony 188, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.21, Apuleius 6.6, Nonnus Dionysiaca 1.86, et al) [PAR] [2] ZEUS & DIONE (Homer Iliad 5.370; Euripides Helen 1098; Apollodorus 1.13, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.21, et al) [PAR] [3] OURANOS & HEMERA (Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.21) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] Aphrodite \"Venus de Milo\", Greek marble statue C2nd B.C., Mus\u00e9e du Louvre [PAR] APHRODI\u2032TE (Aphrodit\u00ea), one of the great Olympian divinities, was, according to the popular and poetical notions of the Greeks, the goddess of love and beauty. Some traditions stated that she had sprung from the foam (aphros) of the sea, which had gathered around the mutilated parts of Uranus, that had been thrown into the sea by Kronos after he had unmanned his father. (Hesiod. Theog. 190; compare Anadyomene.) With the exception of the Homeric hymn on Aphrodite there is no trace of this legend in Homer, and according to him Aphrodite is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. (Il. v. 370, &c., xx. 105.) Later traditions call her a daughter of Kronos and Euonyme, or of Uranus and Hemera. (Cic. De Nat. Deor. iii. 23; Natal. Com. iv. 13.) [PAR] According to Hesiod and the Homeric hymn on Aphrodite, the goddess after rising from the foam first approached the island of Cythera, and thence went to Cyprus, and as she was walking on the sea-coast flowers sprang up under her feet, and Eros and Himeros accompanied her to the assembly of the other great gods, all of whom were struck with admiration and love"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Pulitzer Prize? - Ask Deb What Is the Pulitzer Prize? [PAR] Home / Books / What Is the Pulitzer Prize? [PAR] What Is the Pulitzer Prize? [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Ask Deb in Books [PAR] The Pulitzer Prize is to journalists and writers what The Academy Awards are to actors and directors. The Pulitzer is a yearly U.S. award that is given out to outstanding journalism, literature, and musical composition. The ceremony is held every April and is awarded by Columbia University\u2019s Graduate School of Journalism in New York. Every aspiring journalist and writer hopes and dreams of one day being awarded a Pulitzer Prize. It signifies the years best in U.S. literature and brings with it a substantial amount of publishing clout. But how did the Pulitzer get started? What does it take to get nominated? What are some famous Pulitzer winners? If you are thinking about a career in literature, this is the ultimate recognition. [PAR] History of the Pulitzer Prize [PAR] The Pulitzer Prize was started by the famous newspaper publisher of the 19th century, Joseph Pulitzer. Joseph Pulitzer was a brilliant at marketing newspapers and was a crusader against corruption in government. He always knew how to create a good story for print. His two newspapers that set an example for other printed material were the New York World and St. Louis Post-Dispatch. He was a fierce competitor with other famed newspaper mogul, William Randall Hearst. [PAR] Pulitzer helped to found many of today\u2019s journalistic traditions. He was the first person to suggest training for journalists in colleges. At his death in 1911, he willed a portion of funds to Columbia University to start their first journalism school. But his greatest contribution was the founding of a set of awards that were later named the Pulitzer Prizes. The Pulitzer Prizes were originally supposed to be incentives for excellence in the field. The original Pulitzers gave awards for journalism, letters and drama, one award for education, and four traveling scholarships. But Joseph Pulitzer also saw changes in the industry so he created an advisory board for the awards. It would be their task to make changes as needed to accommodate the evolving industry. Sic years after his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded in 1917 and since then have grown to 21 different categories. [PAR] Categories [PAR] The Pulitzer Prizes are divided up into 21 different categories along with several Special Citations and awards. The only eligible material that may be considered for journalism are articles that have been published by U.S.-based newspapers, either in print or online. Here are the current Pulitzer Prize categories: [PAR] Public Service \u2013 This award is the most desired by all newspapers. It is awarded for exceptional public service by a newspaper through journalistic reporting, photgraphy, and editorial cartoons. It is only given out to newspaper organizations, not individual journalists. [PAR] Breaking News Reporting \u2013 Given to recipients for distinguished reporting of the latest breaking news. [PAR] Investigative Reporting \u2013 This award is given to individual journalists or journalistic teams for distinguished investigative reporting in a single article or series. [PAR] Explanatory Reporting \u2013 This is given out to an individual journalist or journalistic team for reporting on a complex subject where it is described in a clear and concise manner that is easy to understand. [PAR] Local Reporting \u2013 The award for local newspaper reporting that covers local issues and concerns within a community. [PAR] National Reporting \u2013 The award given to an individual for reporting on national affairs. [PAR] International Reporting \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Blood-and-Fire Mission of the Salvation Army ... The Blood-and-Fire Mission of the Salvation Army | Christian History [PAR] The Blood-and-Fire Mission of the Salvation Army [PAR] Where did this tuba-playing, kettle-wielding social force come from, and what's it all about? [PAR] Chris Armstrong [PAR] Subscribe to Christianity Today and get instant access to past issues of Christian History! [PAR] Christianity Today Weekly (Weekly) CTWeekly delivers the best content from ChristianityToday.com to your inbox each week. [PAR] Today in Christian History (Daily) A daily newsletter featuring the most important and significant events on each day in Christian History. [PAR] Christianity Today Connection (Weekly) Get the inside story with this official newsletter of the global media ministry. [PAR] Email Address [PAR] Subscribe to the selected newsletters. [PAR] Free Newsletters [PAR] Follow @ctmagazine [PAR] Joan Kroc's 1.5 billion dollar bequest recently put the Salvation Army on the front pages of many newspapers (and raised important questions about the potential effects of wealth on Christian organizations). But we didn't need the reminder\u2014we've known all about the Army for a long time. [PAR] Or have we? [PAR] We tend to associate them with Christmas kettles, brass bands, and the upright, do-gooder stance gently mocked in the Loesser musical (and Marlon Brando movie) Guys and Dolls. Some of us have had more personal contacts: my wife and I still remember fondly the atmosphere of caring and peace in the Army-operated maternity hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where our first three children were born. And in our younger, poorer years, we both sported the latest student chic off the racks of the \"Sally Ann\" thrift shop on Halifax's grimy Gottingen Street. [PAR] But do we really know this high-profile national organization? It seems the Army has become such a cultural fixture that the New York Times was actually shocked to discover that it is a Christian denomination whose first allegiance is to its Lord and whose first mission is evangelism. [PAR] But these commitments have never been far to find. They were the founding principles of this Wesleyan church, and they drove its tremendous nineteenth- and twentieth-century growth. [PAR] Apostle to the masses [PAR] William Booth \u2014the Salvation Army's co-founder with his wife, Catherine\u2014was born on April 10, 1829, in Nottingham , England. As Norman Murdoch put it in our Issue #26: William & Catherine Booth , \"The Booths were at best laboring class, with little education. His father, 'a Grab, a Get,' by William's definition, died when William was just 14. By that time William was helping to earn the family income by working as a pawnbroker's apprentice. Mrs. Booth ran a small shop in a poor Nottingham district where she sold household wares.\" [PAR] Converted at 15 by Wesleyans (British Methodists), Booth soon became caught up in the soul-saving fervor of visiting American Methodist revivalist James Caughey and the bold and systematic approach of Caughey's compatriot, evangelist Charles Grandison Finney . Murdoch tells how Booth set out with a group of friends to evangelize Nottingham's poor. \"They held nightly open-air addresses, after which they invited people to meetings in cottages. Their use of lively songs, short exhortations calling for a decision for Christ, visitation of the sick and of converts (whose names and addresses they recorded) all anticipated methods Booth would write into Salvation Army Orders and Regulations thirty years later.\" [PAR] In the 1885 publication All About the Salvation Army, William Booth himself sketched the next phase of his ministry in the third person: [PAR] \"General Booth \u2026. became a minister of the Methodist New Connexion, and traveled in a great"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vicennial | Define Vicennial at Dictionary.com Vicennial | Define Vicennial at Dictionary.com [PAR] vicennial [PAR] [vahy-sen-ee-uh l] /va\u026a\u02c8s\u025bn i \u0259l/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] of or for 20 years. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Latin [PAR] 1730-1740 [PAR] 1730-40; < Latin v\u012bcenni(um) twenty-year period (v\u012bc(\u0113n\u012b) twenty each + -enn(us), combining form of annus year + -ium -ium ) + -al 1 [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for vicennial [PAR] Expand [PAR] relating to or lasting for a period of 20 years [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C18: from Late Latin v\u012bcennium period of twenty years, from Latin v\u012bci\u0113s twenty times + -ennium, from annus year [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012[DOC] [TLE] Define Vicennial - What does Vicennial mean? - 5-letters.com Define Vicennial - What does Vicennial mean? [PAR] adjective Lasting or comprising twenty years. [PAR] adjective Happening once in twenty years; as, a vicennial celebration."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Exeter Living - issue 198 by MediaClash - issuu Exeter Living - issue 198 by MediaClash - issuu [PAR] Food/Arts/Entertainment/Shopping/Homes ISSUE 198 / SEPTEMBER 2016 / \u00a33 [PAR] ISSUE 198 / SEPTEMBER 2016 / TIP TOPSHAM [PAR] TOTALLY TOPSHAM AN [PAR] A TO Z OF THE BOOMING ESTUARY TOWN [PAR] BOOK YOUR XMAS PARTIES NOW (YEP, SORRY!) [PAR] POWDERHAM FOOD FESTIVAL [PAR] IT\u2019S BACK TO SCHOOL TIME! [PAR] PIG & PALLET ART AND SOUL AT EXETER CONTEMPORARY OPEN [PAR] EDITOR\u2019S LETTER / ISSUE 198 / SEPTEMBER 2016 [PAR] 18 [PAR] ON TOPSHAM FORM An A-Z of one of the UK\u2019s most sought-after spots [PAR] Down by the river You don\u2019t need us to tell you how great Topsham is. You already know. As, indeed, do a great many others outside the region, judging by the number of people we\u2019ve met who have made the move to the estuary town from other parts of the country. Quaint and cute Topsham may be, with its Dutch gabled houses, lapping waters and wildlife, but it\u2019s no Toytown \u2013 creators of world-class cuisine, and a dynamic business and creative scene, including some of our very favourite independent shops and designer-makers, also call this place home. It\u2019s hard to think of another UK city besides Exeter that has anything as great as Topsham administratively attached to it and so, in this issue, we pay gushing tribute across several pages. Where better to spend time as summer draws to a close? We\u2019ll see you on the ferry to the Turf Locks. . . Anna Britten, Editor Follow us on Twitter: @ExeterLiving [PAR] Bang & Olufsen of Exeter 30/31 Gandy Street | EX4 3LS 01392 424600 | exeter@bang-olufsen.co.uk [PAR] 52 Southside St, The Barbican, Plymouth PL1 2LB | 01752 228 451 | www.samcoxbridalwear.co.uk [PAR] CONTENTS / ISSUE 198 / SEPTEMBER 2016 M EET T H E T EAM [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 8 Spotlight [PAR] All hail the rock bands of Exeter! Plus Where Am I? et al [PAR] Managing editor Deri Robins deri.robins@mediaclash.co.uk Senior art editor Andrew Richmond Graphic design Megan Allison Cover design Trevor Gilham Editor\u2019s photo Emma Solley Contributors Fran McElhone, Roxanne Duris, Rosie Hurley, Pamela Duke, Chris Bentley [PAR] 15 Lucy Hounsom [PAR] New pens, BHS skirts \u2013 our columnist misses that back to school buzz. . . [PAR] Advertising manager Joss Phillips joss.phillips@mediaclash.co.uk Account manager Paula Miller paula.miller@mediaclash.co.uk Account manager Jason Coward jason.coward@mediaclash.co.uk Commercial director Steve Hawkins steve.hawkins@mediaclash.co.uk [PAR] MAIN FEATURES 18 Totally Topsham From \u2018Arty\u2019 to \u2018Zummer\u2019 \u2013 our take on Topsham\u2019s best bits [PAR] 64 New Term? No Stress! Schools special: tips for parents, plus all the essential Open Days [PAR] 64 [PAR] ARTS 29 Arts Intro Look who\u2019s coming to Budleigh Lit Fest! [PAR] 30 What\u2019s On There\u2019s rich pickings in and around the city for you culture vultures [PAR] SHOPPING [PAR] Why Exeter Contemporary Open 2016 must be in your calendar [PAR] We may just have found your new \u2018going out\u2019 coat. . . [PAR] FOOD & DRINK 42 Munch Time Everything you need to know about Powderham Food Festival [PAR] 46 Restaurant Pulled pork and kitchen roll at The Pig & Pallet in Topsham [PAR] 58 Ed\u2019s Choice We splash out (see what we did there?) in Topsham\u2019s shops [PAR] 60 Special Shops St Thomas\u2019s friendly \u2018community fibre arts space\u2019 Wool on the Exe [PAR] BUSINESS [PAR] 50 It\u2019s Christmas Time [PAR] 79 Business Insider [PAR] OK, it\u2019s not. Of course it\u2019s not. But it will be. And you will thank us for making you book ahead [PAR] Fore Street, Nuffield Health and more good news"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bosphorus Strait of Istanbul - All About Istanbul Bosphorus Strait of Istanbul - All About Istanbul [PAR] More News [PAR] Bosphorus [PAR] Bosphorus is a natural strait connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara , thus being a very strategic waterway. It was a river in the valley during the Tertiary period of the continents, which was drowned by the sea at the end of this period. It's length is 32 kilometers (20 miles) in the north to south direction, width varies between 730-3300 meters (800-3600 yards), and depth is between 30-120 meters (100-395 feet). Bosphorus strait separates the European part from the Asian part of Istanbul. The surface current flows always from north to south; however, a strong countercurrent under the surface creates swirls and eddies. [PAR] Bosphorus comes from a Thracian word which means \"passage of the cow\", deriving from the legend of Io who was one of many lovers of Zeus . When Hera , Zeus' wife, suspected her husband being involved in a love affair with Io, Zeus converted Io in a small cow and tried to send her away from Hera's rage. She (the cow) swam across the strait but Hera discovered it and she sent big flies after the cow to bite and disturb her all the time, ending Io in the Aegean Sea (thus named Ionian sea). [PAR] Bosphorus in Turkish is known as Bogazici, meaning \"inner strait\". Since the ancient times it held always an important role because of its strategic location, being the only passage from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean , along with the Dardanelles strait. Especially during the Cold War, the straits were crucial for Soviet navy. [PAR] Bosphorus is a very busy waterway with many ships and oil tankers going through it, as well as local fishing and ferries go to the Asian side back and forth. Around 48.000 ships pass through this strait annually, three times denser than the Suez Canal traffic and four times denser than the Panama Canal. Approximately 55 million tones of oil are shipped through the strait each year. [PAR] There are three suspension bridges on the Bosphorus connecting Europe to Asia (or vice versa). The first one is known as \"Bosphorus Bridge\" and was opened on 29th October 1973 between Beylerbeyi and Ortakoy neighborhoods. This bridge's name was changed into \"Martyrs of July 15th\" dedicated to the victims of the coup attemp on 15th of July 2016. It's 1074 meters (1175 yards) long between two pillars, has 6 lanes, 165 meters (540 feet) height of piers. The second one is known as \"Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge\" (or FSM Bridge shortly) and was opened in 3rd July 1988 between Anadolu Hisari and Rumeli Hisari neighborhoods. This one is 1090 meters (1192 yards) long, has 8 lanes, and is 65 meters high from the water surface. The FSM bridge is a part of TEM highway (Trans European Motorway) between Ankara and Edirne provinces. The third one is known as \"Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge\" (or YSS Bridge shortly) and was opened in 26th of August 2016 between Garipce and Poyrazkoy neighborhoods along the shores of the strait. It's one of the longest and highest suspension bridges in the World; 1408 meters (1540 yards) long between 322 meters-high pillars, is 59 meters (65 yards) wide with 8 lanes for motor vehicles + 2 lanes for trains. A new highway is built on both sides of the 3rd bridge for intercontinental trade and commuter traffic. All three bridges are tolled which is paid during the passage to the Asian direction only. On"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Green Fairy - Public Domain Super Heroes - Wikia Green Fairy | Public Domain Super Heroes | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Public Domain Super Heroes [PAR] The Green Fairy Book (1892) [PAR] Created by [PAR] Andrew Lang [PAR] Origin [PAR] Andrew Lang's Fairy Books \u2014 also known as Andrew Lang's \"Coloured\" Fairy Books or Andrew Lang's Fairy Books of Many Colors \u2014 are a series of twelve collections of fairy tales, published between 1889 and 1910. Each volume is distinguished by its own color. In all, 437 tales from a broad range of cultures and countries are presented. [PAR] Although Lang only ever used color as a distinction for the title of the book, the titles have been given characteristics of their own over the years and used as stock characters (most recently by the ABC series, Once Upon a Time). [PAR] Notes [PAR] The alcoholic drink, Absinthe, is commonly referred to in historical literature as \"la f\u00e9e verte\" (the green fairy)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Bishop Biography (Personal Life, Career): Childhood ... John Bishop Biography (Personal Life, Career): Childhood, Wife, Kids, Football and Comedy Career! [PAR] John Bishop Biography (Personal Life, Career) [PAR] John Bishop is a British stand up comedian, actor and radio person. He is best known for his appearance in the teen drama Skin, broadcasted on E4 and his radio show Bishop's Sunday Service at the Liverpool radio station Radio City 96.7. [PAR] Personal Life [PAR] Born on 30 November 1966 as John Joseph Bishop, he was born in Liverpool Mill Road maternity hospital. The stand up comedian lived in Huyton for a short period and then his family moved to a place near Runcorn where he grew up. [PAR] John Bishop started working in 1990 as a Medical Representative for pharmaceutical company Syntex. He remained in this business until 2006, being a sale and marketing person for a pharmaceutical company, a company car and pension plan. Bishop gave it all up to become a full-time comedian. [PAR] The stand up comedian married Melanie in 1994 and has three children with her. He currently lives in Manchester but he is a big fan of Liverpool Football Club fan. John Bishop is not the only one in his family with an affinity for football. His brother, Eddie, is a former professional footballer with Tranmere Rovers and Chester City. [PAR] Career [PAR] John Bishop is best known as a comedian, but before he got into comedy he had a brief career in football as well. Bishop played semi-professional football for clubs like Southport, Hyde United and Winsford United. The soon-to-be stand up comedian was pretty good at football. He won the Liverpool Senior Cup with Southport in 1991, beating a Liverpool side containing Jamie Redknapp in the final at Goodison Park. He was playing as a midfielder. In his entire career as a football player, John Bishop appeared for Hyde 41 times, scoring 7 goals between November 1988 and February 1990 and won to second place in the Northern Premier League with them. He can be proud with playing for Southport 35 times and scored 7 goals between March 1990 and April 1991, as well. On 14 May 2007 John Bishop played as a substitute for the Liverpool Legends in the Hillsborough Memorial Game at Anfield. [PAR] As a stand up comedian, John Bishop made his first appearance in October 2000 and by the end of 2001 he made it to the final of all the major new act competitions, including So You Think You're Funny, the Daily Telegraph Open Mic Awards, the BBC New Comedy Awards and the City Life North West Comedian of The Year Award. He won the City Life North West Comedian of The Year Award. The stand up comedian John Bishop was named best newcomer by BBC Radio Merseyside in 2002. [PAR] In 2007 comedian John Bishop had his first television appearance on the RTE topical-comedy show The Panel where he regularly sat as a panelist until 2008. Bishop also appeared on the Channel 4 panel show 8 out of 10 Cats before and on the BBC's Live at the Apollo. In 2009 John Bishop started his own TV program on LFC TV called John Bishop meets\ufffd, where he interviews former Liverpool football legends. Starting 2009, the comedian portrayed Emily and Katie Fitch's father in Skins, during series 3 and 4 (until 2010). [PAR] John Bishop\ufffds quick accession in the world of stand up comedy did not stop here. He was determined to be one of the best in stand up comedy, so in 2009 he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Place Charles de Gaulle - Paris, France - Facebook Place Charles-de-Gaulle was merged with this page [PAR] 4.5 \u2605 \u00b7 3.7K public ratings[DOC] [TLE] 321 Hotels near Place Charles de Gaulle Etoile, Paris ... 330 Hotels near Place Charles de Gaulle Etoile, Paris, France. Book your hotel now! - Booking.com [PAR] More properties near Place Charles de Gaulle Etoile [PAR] We've negotiated with thousands of hotels to get the very best deals. We call them Secret Deals and they only last for a limited time. [PAR] You can get these deals for free by subscribing to our newsletters. You can even choose your favourite destinations to receive personalised deals. [PAR] Get started now by entering your email address. We'll instantly send you a link to our Deal Finder! [PAR] Don't worry \u2013 your email address is safe with us. We'll never share your private information and you can unsubscribe at any time. [PAR] Sign up for our newsletter and get the first pick on discounts of 20% or more! [PAR] Please enter a working email address [PAR] Sorry, it seems as though you\u2019ve subscribed several times already. This may be a glitch, so please try again later. [PAR] Sorry, we\u2019ve encountered an error. Please try again later. [PAR] My first name is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daiquiri Recipe : Alton Brown : Food Network Daiquiri Recipe : Alton Brown : Food Network [PAR] Daiquiri Recipes [PAR] 5.0 31 [PAR] Perfect! Tried homemade daiquiris before with store bought syrup and they always missed the mark. Homemade syrup was the key, thanks AB for the tip! Also I could watch this video all day, very entertaining. Anonymous 2016-08-07T00:14:10Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] Excellent recipe for a great cocktail. JCercy 2016-06-10T20:03:09Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] This has been my go-to drink for the past two years. I absolutely love it! Try it with Cruzan aged rum for an interesting twist. Brad Schickler 2014-11-08T01:35:12Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] I tried this recipe as is, and then tinkered with it a bit (adding Cointreau once, using high-quality honey instead of the simple syrup another time). Fact is (to my taste buds, anyway), if you add anything else you run the risk of overwhelming the subtle flavor of the rum. That flavor is a large part of the magic of this sublime concoction, so I'd strongly suggest sticking with the recipe as written :) Ray Falkenberg 2014-07-14T19:57:31Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] simple. delish. in a word: great. Make this. Share it with girls. Share it with boys. Share it with yourself. It does pack a secret punch, though, so be ready. thesaret 2013-09-21T20:14:54Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] love love love this! one little twist i tried tonight - i used a strawberry infused rum so i had a \"strawberry daiguiri\"! a friend also did it it with a strawberry vodka and it was great too! Guest 2011-10-06T22:29:20Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] How wonderful to learn of, and try, a real daiquiri. I love learning the history of the Hemingway Daiquiri. These are perfect fresh, delightful, summer cocktails. Thanks so much for sharing AB. Jeri Ann O. 2011-07-01T22:32:04Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] An absolutely amazing addition to summer. It took me the juice of about 2 small limes for each cocktail, though I think the measuring glass I used was larger than one ounce. The latest time I made it, I made the simple syrup with a one-to-one ratio of water to sugar (recipe calls for one-to-two, and it was fantastic! (I prefer my drinks to be less sweet than a lot of people! conreyfamily 2011-06-13T10:23:28Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] Delicious. I respectfully offer to augment your fine recipe with 2 dashes of Luxardo Maraschino Liqueur per serving. That, and a six-toed cat basking in the Cuban sun, makes it an authentic Hemingway beverage. Oh---also a shotgun... Dizzythecat 2011-03-27T13:49:44Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] Delicious! I live in CA, and despite having a lime tree, friends often show up with bags of limes. I'm always looking for good recipes, and this one is delicious. I made the daquiris tonight with Bacardi Gold, instead of light rum, and they were great anyway. Jon M. 2011-03-05T21:21:58Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] Yummy and very fresh. I ran out of real lime juice after going through 1.5 limes, so stock up if you plan on making this drink. Ended up having to use the real lime juice in a bottle (I know, AB would be very disappointed), but it still tasted great. Got rave reviews from some serious drinkers :) Lilly L. 2011-01-02T21:38:55Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] thank you Alton Brown ..this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Walk through Bloomsbury - London Parks & Gardens Trust A Walk through Bloomsbury [PAR] A Walk through Bloomsbury [PAR] 01 Bloomsbury walk intro.mp3 [PAR] The walk begins at Chancery Lane underground station and ends at Tottenham Court Road underground station. The walk will take about three hours to complete, depending upon the time spent in gardens. [PAR] Most of the gardens are open to the public during the day, with the exception of Gray's Inn, which is open during weekdays only from 12 noon to 2.30pm. Mecklenburgh and Bedford Squares are private, but open to the public during Open Garden Squares Weekend .The gardens are accessible to wheelchairs, except where stated. [PAR] Please be aware of your personal safety and security when walking. Use this walk in conjunction with a detailed street map and use designated road crossings where possible. [PAR] Street Map [PAR] Start [PAR] This walk explores some of the oldest and most notable of London's squares, from the time of Charles II to the reign of Queen Victoria. Along the way you will meet some of the many characters who have lived in the squares over the years. [PAR] For further information on Bloomsbury squares and gardens, please see www.bloomsburysquares.org.uk [PAR] 02 Gray's Inn.mp3 [PAR] Begin the walk at Chancery Lane underground station. Leaving the station, follow the signs for Exit 1 and Gray's Inn Road, which take you out into High Holborn. Gray's Inn Road is behind you, and the Reed Employment Agency is on your right. [PAR] Walk up High Holborn, past Holland and Barrett, towards the Cittie of Yorke pub. Just before the pub, turn right into Gray's Inn. [PAR] If you are doing the walk at a weekend, when Gray's Inn is not open, continue on and turn right into Brownlow Street. Turn left at the end, then right into Bedford Row and left into Princeton Street, which takes you to Red Lion Square . [PAR] Go through the arch straight ahead into South Square. Turn right and walk around the square, where No. 1 is immediately on your right. Continue around the square. [PAR] On your right is the Hall. Beyond the Hall is Gray's Inn Square. [PAR] If you are visiting this garden on Open Garden Squares Weekend, be careful to check the opening times. [PAR] London Gardens Online [PAR] Gray's Inn South Square [PAR] Gray's Inn is one of the four remaining Inns of Court, founded in 1370 as a place for lawyers to live and study. The Inn is named after Reginald de Grey, Chief Justice of Chester, whose London house was where the Inn began. [PAR] No. 1 South Square is where Victorian author and journalist Charles Dickens (1812-1870) once worked as an office boy. Gray's Inn provided a setting for parts of the action in several of Dickens' novels, including Martin Chuzzlewit and David Copperfield. [PAR] At the end of the square is a statue of essayist, historian and statesman Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), who lived at the Inn from 1576 until his death in 1626. As Lord Chancellor he has been credited with bringing greater fairness and impartiality to the English legal system. However, he was himself convicted of taking bribes, for which he was fined \u00a340,000 and imprisoned in the Tower of London. [PAR] On your right is the Hall, which dates from 1560. It was the venue for the first performance of Shakespeare's play, A Comedy of Errors in 1594. The Hall was badly damaged in the Second World War, but has since been restored. [PAR] Beyond the Hall is Gray's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Game (1997) - IMDb The Game (1997) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Nicholas Van Orton is a very wealthy San Francisco banker, but he is an absolute loner, even spending his birthday alone. In the year of his 48th birthday (the age his father committed ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 23 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 02 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 17 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 03 Jun 2015 [PAR] Search for \" The Game \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A divorced woman and her diabetic daughter take refuge in their newly-purchased house's safe room, when three men break-in, searching for a missing fortune. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] In the late 1960s/early 1970s, a San Francisco cartoonist becomes an amateur detective obsessed with tracking down the Zodiac Killer, an unidentified individual who terrorizes Northern California with a killing spree. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] With a childhood tragedy that overshadowed their lives, three men are reunited by circumstance when one has a family tragedy. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] In turn-of-the-century Vienna, a magician uses his abilities to secure the love of a woman far above his social standing. [PAR] Director: Neil Burger [PAR] Journalist Mikael Blomkvist is aided in his search for a woman who has been missing for forty years by Lisbeth Salander, a young computer hacker. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] Tells the story of Benjamin Button, a man who starts aging backwards with bizarre consequences. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] An industrial worker who hasn't slept in a year begins to doubt his own sanity. [PAR] Director: Brad Anderson [PAR] Stranded at a desolate Nevada motel during a nasty rain-storm, ten strangers become acquainted with each other when they realize that they're being killed off one by one. [PAR] Director: James Mangold [PAR] An exceptionally adept Florida lawyer is offered a job to work in New York City for a high-end law firm with a high-end boss - the biggest opportunity of his career to date. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] Two Los Angeles homicide detectives are dispatched to a northern town where the sun doesn't set to investigate the methodical murder of a local teen. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] An altar boy is accused of murdering a priest, and the truth is buried several layers deep. [PAR] Director: Gregory Hoblit [PAR] Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg creates the social networking site that would become known as Facebook, but is later sued by two brothers who claimed he stole their idea, and the co-founder who was later squeezed out of the business. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Nicholas Van Orton is a very wealthy San Francisco banker, but he is an absolute loner, even spending his birthday alone. In the year of his 48th birthday (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dulcinea | fictional character | Britannica.com Dulcinea | fictional character | Britannica.com [PAR] fictional character [PAR] Alternative Title: Dulcinea del Toboso [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Rocinante [PAR] Dulcinea, in full Dulcinea del Toboso, fictional character in the two-part picaresque novel Don Quixote (Part I, 1605; Part II, 1615) by Miguel de Cervantes . Aldonza Lorenzo, a sturdy Spanish peasant girl, is renamed Dulcinea by the crazed knight-errant Don Quixote when he selects her to be his lady. Don Quixote perceives Dulcinea as a golden-haired highborn young woman of incomparable loveliness for whom he will perform brave deeds as her paladin. [PAR] The name Dulcinea, like Dulcibella , came to be used generically to mean mistress or sweetheart. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Don Quixote (novel by Cervantes) [PAR] novel published in two parts (Part I, 1605; Part II, 1615) by Miguel de Cervantes, one of the most widely read classics of Western literature. Originally conceived as a comic satire against the chivalric romances then in literary vogue, it describes realistically what befalls an elderly knight who,... [PAR] Miguel de Cervantes [PAR] September 29?, 1547 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain April 22, 1616 Madrid Spanish novelist, playwright, and poet, the creator of Don Quixote (1605, 1615) and the most important and celebrated figure in Spanish literature. His novel Don Quixote has been translated, in full or in part, into more than... [PAR] Don Quixote (fictional character) [PAR] 17th-century Spanish literary character, the protagonist of the novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes. The book, originally published in Spanish in two parts (1605, 1615), concerns the eponymous would-be knight errant whose delusions of grandeur make him the butt of many practical jokes. [PAR] 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: May 07, 2010 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dulcinea [PAR] Access Date: January 19, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Female Professional Boxing Rounds Should Be 3 Minutes ... The rule change recommendation is that the rounds for female professional boxing matches be three minutes each instead of two minutes. [PAR] Also, Championship fights should last twelve rounds instead of ten. [PAR] These changes would promote equality and allow the opportunity for great sports moments to occur in that last minute of each round and in the last two rounds of championship fights. [PAR] These changes would also allow more time to get a feel for the opponent as well as indicate ...better conditioning strength of each female fighter. [PAR] There is a reason the men\u2019s rounds are three minutes, but there is no clear reason why professional females are not afforded the same round length and in essence, respect as the men are in the sport. [PAR] Every person signing this Petition requests the rules to be changed to afford female professional boxers an equal opportunity in the sport. [PAR] The length of female mixed martial arts rounds are the same as the male mixed martial arts rounds. There is no explanation or reason for the inequality in female professional boxing when it comes to round length and number of rounds in professional matches. [PAR] Everyone who \"likes\" this Page respectfully requests these rule changes be proposed and adopted since female professional fighters have proven their conditioning, skills, heart and leadership in the ring and deserve the same opportunity in the ring as their male counterparts. [PAR] Launched[DOC] [TLE] Boxing - Olympic Rules, Judging and Officials Olympic Boxing Rules, Scoring and Judging [PAR] By Andrew Eisele [PAR] Updated October 12, 2016. [PAR] What are the rules for boxing at the Olympic Games ? Several rule changes were made in 2013 that affected the Games from 2016 onward. These included allowing professional boxers to qualify, eliminating headgear for men, raising the minimum age to 19, and changing the scoring system. [PAR] Qualifying for Olympic Boxing [PAR] Unlike most sports, slots are limited for Olympic boxing and just because you qualified nationally does not mean you are going to the Games. Professionals qualify through their ranking and an international Olympic qualifyer tournament. Amateur boxers qualify for the Olympics through performances at regional tournaments in Europe, Asia, the Americas, Africa and Oceania, or at a world qualifying tournament. More: How to Become an Olympic Boxer [PAR] Olympic Tournaments [PAR] The boxers are paired off at random for the Olympic Games, without regard to ranking. They fight in a single-elimination tournament, with the winner advancing to the next round and the loser dropping out of the competition. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How Boxing Is Scored: Amateur [PAR] Winning boxers progress through the preliminary rounds to the quarterfinals and semifinals. The two semifinals winners fight for the gold and silver medals, while both losing semifinalists receive bronze medals. [PAR] Men's bouts consist of a total of three rounds of three minutes each. Women's bouts consist of a total of four rounds of two minutes each. There is a one-minute rest interval between each round. [PAR] Contests are won by knockout or on points. Scoring was switched to the 10-point must system as of the 2016 Olympic Games. [PAR] Scoring for Olympic Boxing Through 2012 [PAR] Before 2016, Olympic boxing matches were scored by hits. A panel of five judges pressed buttons when they believed the boxer had delivered a scoring hit with a marked part of the glove on the opponent's head or body above the belt. The electronic scoring system counted a point when three or more judges"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Statistics on European cities - Statistics Explained Statistics on European cities - Statistics Explained [PAR] Statistics on European cities [PAR] Maps can be explored interactively using Eurostat\u2019s Statistical Atlas (see user manual ). [PAR] This article is part of a set of statistical articles based on the Eurostat regional yearbook publication. It presents data on European Union (EU) cities: the first part relates to demographic developments, with information pertaining to the resident population, an analysis of age structures and statistics on the citizenship of EU city dwellers; the second part provides information on housing, analysing the disparities observed in terms of the average size of households, the average price of houses, the proportion of lone parent households, and the proportion of lone pensioner households. These indicators are just a few examples of the wide range of data that is collected by Eurostat on cities . [PAR] Map 1: Resident population in European cities, 1 January 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (inhabitants) [PAR] 6 External links [PAR] Main statistical findings [PAR] Figure 1: Age structure of the population, national averages and selected capital cities from the Urban Audit, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (% of total population) [PAR] Map 2: Old-age dependency ratio in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (%, persons aged \u2265 65 years / persons aged 20\u201364 years) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopstr) and (urb_cpop1) [PAR] Figure 2: Disparities in the old-age dependency ratio in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (%, persons aged \u2265 65 years / persons aged 20\u201364 years) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopstr) and (demo_pjangroup) [PAR] Map 3: Proportion of the population who are native-born in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (% of total population) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopcb) and (urb_cpop1) [PAR] Map 4: Proportion of the population who are nationals in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (% of total population) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_cpopcb) and (urb_cpop1) [PAR] Figure 3: Breakdown of population by nationality, selected capital cities from the Urban Audit, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (% of total population) [PAR] Figure 4: Disparities in the average size of households in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (persons) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) and (ilc_lvph01) [PAR] Figure 5: Disparities in the average price of a house in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (EUR) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) [PAR] Figure 6: Disparities in the proportion of lone parent households (with children aged 0\u201317) in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (% of all households) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) and (ilc_lvph02) [PAR] Figure 7: Disparities in the proportion of lone pensioner (above retirement age) households in European cities, 2012 (\u00b9) [PAR] (% of all households) [PAR] Source: Eurostat (urb_clivcon) and (ilc_lvph02) [PAR] Built-up areas \u2014 defined as cities , towns and suburbs \u2014 provide a home to almost three quarters (72.4 %) of the EU-28 \u2019s population. As shown in this article , the quality of urban life in the EU is considered to be crucial for attracting and retaining a skilled labour force, businesses, students and tourists. However, the social and economic concentration of resources in cities can result in undesirable side-effects: for example, congestion or crime. Cities are therefore seen as both the source of and solution to economic, environmental and social challenges and, as such, they may be viewed as being central to achieving the Europe 2020 goals of \u2018smart, sustainable and inclusive growth\u2019. [PAR] Defining cities and functional urban areas [PAR] In 2011, work carried out by the European Commission\u2019s Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO), Eurostat and the OECD resulted in a harmonised definition of cities and their surrounding areas. [PAR] A city consists of one or more local"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rigatoni with Cheese and Italian Sausage recipe ... Rigatoni with Cheese and Italian Sausage recipe | Epicurious.com [PAR] This was yummy, I had with Rao's Marinara. Easy, but very good [PAR] graham66 / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate [PAR] This is easy and impressive. Next time I'd like to scale up on quality of ingredients, but even with purchased marinara, it was a keeper. I used local Boulder brand hot Italian sausage and Bertolli marinara. I don't think you can mess up with the proportions either -- I used 1 lb. of pasta and 1 lb. of sausage and 1 jar of sauce. I'd use more sauce next time and make my own, maybe with big chunks of tomatoes. It's a beautiful dish! [PAR] jendi51 from Denver, CO / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate [PAR] Made this with shells as well - used only mild italian sausage (family preference) and added basil/oregano/thyme. Used extra garlic. Had Wesleydale not Mozza - was even better! Family inhaled this - will make again [PAR] A Cook from Milton, ON / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate [PAR] This was a total hit at my house. I made it family style and so added more sausage and cheese. Also, I didn't have rigatoni and so I used shells instead. It reheated well. A definite keeper! [PAR] jsd517 from Redwood City, CA / [PAR] Flag if Inappropriate[DOC] [TLE] Baked Two-Cheese Rigatoni - Country Living Baked Two-Cheese Rigatoni [PAR] Baked Two-Cheese Rigatoni [PAR] By Marian Cooper Cairns and Dawn Perry [PAR] Brian Woodcock [PAR] This fancy spin on mac and cheese also works as a perfect Thanksgiving side. [PAR] Total Time: [PAR] 4 tbsp. unsalted butter, divided, plus more for baking dish [PAR] 1 16-oz. package rigatoni [PAR] 12 oz. white Cheddar cheese, grated [PAR] Kosher salt [PAR] 6 oz. Fontina cheese, grated [PAR] 1 c. coarse fresh breadcrumbs [PAR] Directions [PAR] Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. Butter a 3-quart baking dish. [PAR] Cook pasta according to package directions. [PAR] Meanwhile, melt 3 tablespoons butter in a large saucepan over medium heat. Whisk in flour and garlic and cook, whisking 1 minutes. Whisk in half-and-half and cook, whisking until thickened, 4 to 6 minutes. Remove from heat and whisk in Cheddar until smooth. Fold in pasta. Season with salt and pepper. Transfer to prepared baking dish. [PAR] Melt 1 tablespoon butter. Toss together Fontina, breadcrumbs, and melted butter; sprinkle over pasta. Bake until golden and bubbly, 25 to 30 minutes. [PAR] More recipes like this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Herbs - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise The Herbs - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise [PAR] The Herbs The Herbs is a 60\u2019s Children\u2019s TV animated show. It was designed for pre-school children, but I think it appeals to all ages and was one of the new colour 'Watch with Mother' titles. The Herbs was created by Michael Bond and animated by Ivor Wood at Filmfair (who were responsible for Paddington and The Wombles). The first episode was transmitted on 12th February 1968. Only 13 episodes were made of this delightful programme, but that isn't the end of this story. Parsley the Lion had become quite popular with the children that watched, so it was decided to give him his own show - Parsley the Lion and Friends. It was supposed to centre on Parsley more, but I think the original Herbs did that anyway. The new programme also included all the characters that we met in The Herbs. Story Each episode began with the narrator (Gordon Rollings) talking about herbs in the garden, and each time he mentioned a different one, then the herb (plant) would appear. This was a magic herb garden, that you could only get access to by saying the magic word - Herbidacious. The door of the garden would swing open and in we would all be let in. The garden was owned by Sir Basil and Lady Rosemary, where each week a new adventure would take place. It seems that all the animals in the Herb garden (Parsley, Dill, Sage) could see us watching, but none of the people (Sir Basil, Lady Rosemary etc.) could, which would really confuse Bayleaf as he wanted to know what Parsley was waving at. Each of the characters were named after a herb and they all had a song to sing us, see below for more details. The Herbs Characters Parsley the Lion \"I'm a very friendly Lion called Parsley\" Parsley is a lovable Green Lion, whose mane and tail are made out of the herb parsley (hence the name). He is the one that shows us around the garden and loves waving to the viewers. He's not a brave lion and hides whenever there is trouble/danger around or when strangers appear. He was once called Doctor Parsley when he combined herbs with the jumpers Aunt Mint knitted for the chives, and it cured their colds. Parsley also doesn't like to get his tail wet or climb, as he found out when climbing the Tarragon Plant. He pretended to climb it the first time, but only snuck across to the neighbouring tree and back down it again. Shame he got caught and had to climb it for real. But he did have fun playing in the clouds. He made Sir Basil suffer when he shot his tail off, as he pretended to be dead. Poor Sir Basil didn't know what to do, so as usual shouted for Lady Rosemary, who saw Parsley was faking it. His best friend is Dill the dog and both of them seem to get themselves into trouble. But once in a while Parsley does come up with a good idea, such as the time he persuaded Pashana Bedhi to use his snake charming skills to float Sage and his nest back in the tree. \"I'm a very friendly Lion called Parsley with a tail for doing jobs of every kind but I mustn't treat it roughly or too harshly for it's such a useful thing to have behind\" His songs are: \"I'm a very friendly Lion called Parsley I am"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planet Facts: Interesting Facts about the Eight Planets Planet Facts: Interesting Facts about the Eight Planets [PAR] Our solar system has eight planets: Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus and Neptune . [PAR] With the exception of Uranus and Neptune, each of these planets can be seen unaided. All eight planets can be see through the use of an inexpensive amateur telescope or binoculars. [PAR] Order of the planets [PAR] Order of the eight planets from left: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune [PAR] The order of planets from closest to farthest from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The largest planet is Jupiter, followed by Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars and, the smallest planet, Mercury. [PAR] If you include dwarf planets as well, the planets in order becomes Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Ceres, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris being the furthest from the Sun. [PAR] Distance of the planets from the Sun [PAR] Planet [PAR] Neptune [PAR] What is a planet? [PAR] The answer to this question is a highly controversial one. This has not always been the case, though. In fact, before 1978 the definition of a \u201cplanet\u201d was not really necessary. Until that time a planet simply meant a body in orbit around the Sun, that reflected sunlight, and was not a planetary moon, asteroid , or comet . [PAR] However, with the discovery of Pluto\u2019s moon Charon in 1978 scientists were able to calculate Pluto\u2019s mass much more accurately than ever before and soon realized that it was much smaller than they had previously believed. At a tiny fraction of the mass of Mercury , Pluto was clearly a body much smaller than any other planet. This discovery led some to question whether Pluto was actually a planet or some other type of object. [PAR] In the 1990s and early 2000s the discovery of several objects in the outer solar system similar in size to Pluto made it all but necessary to come to a definitive definition of a planet. Such a definition was needed to separate those types of objects like Pluto into a distinct class, otherwise all of the newly found objects would have to be called planets as well. [PAR] In response to this uncertainty, the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the official governing body for matters concerning naming astronomical objects, came to a definition of the term \u201cplanet.\u201d According to the IAU, a planet is a celestial body that meets the following criteria: [PAR] is in orbit around the Sun, [PAR] has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, and [PAR] has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit. [PAR] How many planets are in the Solar System? [PAR] According to the IAU\u2019s definition for planet above, there are 8 known planets in the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [PAR] Pluto is no longer considered a planet under the IAU definition. [PAR] Are there any undiscovered planets in the solar system? [PAR] There have been several additional planets hypothesized throughout history; however, none of these planets has ever been found. [PAR] The most recent of these theorized planets was Planet X, a supposedly giant planet used to explain the deviations from the predicted orbits of Uranus and Neptune. Although Planet X has never been found and scientists are still unable to satisfactorily explain the uranian and neptunian orbital discrepancies, the scientific community"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Maltese Falcon (1941) - Letterboxd \u2022 Your life in film \u200eThe Maltese Falcon (1941) directed by John Huston \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] 40 [PAR] Here's what I love about film noir: nobody gets to be an angel. No sentimentality, no melodrama, just tough characters who quip their way in and out of unsavory situations. Needless to say, The Maltese Falcon ticks every box on my list. And it isn't just a film noir; it's the first major film to be recognized as such, and therefore one of the most influential films in the genre. And boy, does it live up to expectations. [PAR] Being both a cinephile and a bibliophile, I felt obliged to read the The Maltese Falcon before watching the film adaptation. Dashiell Hammett's novel was a perfect candidate for the big screen: minute descriptions, unique characters, and colorful dialogue that was just\u2026 [PAR] I don't mind a reasonable amount of trouble. [PAR] -Sam Spade [PAR] Some films are credited with defining a particular genre. The Maltese Falcon didn't define a genre, but it helped create one. It was film-noir before the term film-noir existed. While it's arguably not the first to be considered noir, it is still regarded as the first by a major studio. It isn't however the first adaptation of Dashiell Hammett 's novel, but actually the third. [PAR] For John Huston 's directorial debut it seems odd that he would attempt a third adaptation of a novel that was barely over 10 years old, but he had an idea that stood out from the others. The script is practically a direct translation of Hammett's novel.\u2026 [PAR] 5 [PAR] John Huston's 1941 adaptation of Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon opens with a text scroll detailing the history of an ancient treasure. This short introduction could not have been more prophetic, because The Maltese Falcon is a true treasure. This is the quintessential film noir, a movie I don't mind calling perfect, as it tells the story of a slick private investigator who gets tangled up in the convoluted quest to obtain a legendary falcon statue. Whenever I get around to making my all time favorites list, I'll be surprised if this doesn't perch near the pinnacle of it. If you are like me, and haven't before seen this classic, then stop reading now, because the less you know going\u2026 [PAR] Review by sydney \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 [PAR] rewatched for the first time since teenhood, so now i'll tell you why it's in my four favorites and will always stay there. i watched and loved it as a kid, i loved lots of old movies but this one in particular enchanted me. there's something so dangerous and adult about it though this viewing revealed it as a near comedy? an over-the-top romp at least. it's basically the simplest distillation of every noir/pulp/detective landmark, which is a positive or a negative depending on your point of view. for mine, its workmanlike avoidance of any frills and its dedication to doing not much more than put a novel on a screen works in its favor, and it's a top five\u2026 [PAR] 2 [PAR] It was Louise that highlighted my ignorance of movies from pre-1960 a few weeks ago, and although I'm still pretty much a novice when it comes to thirties and forties films, I'm slowly but surely enlightening myself with some classics. Following the likes of the Errol Flynn and Olivia De Havilland starring swashbucklers, it was time to check back in with Mr Humphrey Bogart. [PAR] The Maltese Falcon has another"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dunkery Beacon, Exmoor | Countryfile.com Dunkery Beacon, Exmoor | Countryfile.com [PAR] Walks [PAR] Dunkery Beacon, Exmoor [PAR] Feel inspired on a circular walk that follows a section of the Coleridge Way, and climbs to Exmoor's highest point [PAR] 1st June 2011 [PAR] Walks [PAR] The perfect way to kick-start your New Year is an exhilarating walk through the Exmoor landscape that inspired the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) to produce some of his best known works, including his epic poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. [PAR] START [PAR] From the Dunkery Gate car park follow the footpath next to the cattle grid signposted to Blagdon Wood. Pass through a wooden gate, continue across a field and exit through another wooden gate before immediately going through a small wooden gate on your left. Follow the narrow path as it cuts into the hillside before passing through another wooden gate and entering a large field. Walk down the field, pass through yet another gate at the bottom of the field and descend into a woodland area known as Mansley Combe; to your left you\u2019ll hear the sound of the River Avil. [PAR] Continue along the path as it leads deep into the lush woodland valley; follow the yellow footpath paint marks on the trees. Cross over two small streams that traverse the path before ascending through the woods and joining the Coleridge Way (waymarked with a quill symbol) on the edge of Blagdon Wood. [PAR] Turn left and follow sign to Wheddon Cross. After a few metres take the footpath on your left towards Dunkery Beacon. Follow the narrow path as it zigzags downhill, following a stream on your left. [PAR] 1. ONE AND A HALF MILES [PAR] At a junction of paths turn left and follow the quill symbol to Dunkery Gate. Continue through a wooden gate before crossing over a tributary that runs into the River Avil on your right. At another junction of paths turn right and cross the river, following the quill symbol to Spangate. Ascend steeply up a farm track and just before the track bends sharply to the left, take the narrow path on your left, once again signposted with a quill symbol; this time follow the blue bridleway paint marks on the trees. [PAR] Follow the narrow path up a sharp incline, pass through a wooden gate and continue to climb through a field of heather, fern and gorse bushes. Near the top of the hill follow the quill symbol to your right into an area of heathland. Follow a grassy track along the lower edge of the field; at a farm gate veer left until you reach a crossroads marked with a wooden signpost. Leave the Coleridge Way and follow signs to Dunkery up a farm track through the heathland until you reach a minor road. [PAR] 2. THREE MILES [PAR] Turn right and follow the road past a lay-by on your right before turning left onto the Macmillan Way West, a stone track that gradually climbs up Dunkery Hill to the highest point in Exmoor, the National Trust-owned Dunkery Beacon (519m/1,702ft). The panoramic views from the cairn are absolutely spectacular \u2013 on a clear day you can see both the Bristol and English Channel coasts, the Severn Bridges, the Brecon Beacons, Bodmin Moor, Dartmoor and Cleeve Hill in Gloucestershire. After soaking in the landscape and pondering over your New Year\u2019s resolutions, return to Dunkery Gate car park via a track that descends down Dunkery Hill south of the cairn. [PAR] Useful Information [PAR] Terrain [PAR] Waymarked woodland paths and heathland"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1. Joseph Sold Into Slavery (Genesis 37) | Bible.org 1. Joseph Sold Into Slavery (Genesis 37) | Bible.org [PAR] 1. Joseph Sold Into Slavery (Genesis 37) [PAR] Main Point: We must depend on God\u2019s grace to turn away from sin. [PAR] Key Verse: [PAR] (God\u2019s grace) teaches us to say no to godless ways and sinful longings. - Titus 2:12a [PAR] Props: Richly colored fabric, gold trim or tassels; 2 balloons and a pin [PAR] Background/Review [PAR] Say: God had made some amazing promises to a man named Abraham (Genesis 12:2-3). God promised to bless him, and give him many children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and so on. God promised that the entire world would be blessed through Abraham\u2019s family. Miraculously God gave a son to Abraham and his wife, Sarah, even though they were WAY too old to have a child. Ask: Who can remember the name of their son? Isaac. And who can remember the name of Isaac\u2019s twin boys? Jacob and Esau. Say: Jacob was the younger son, but he received his father\u2019s blessing. Jacob had four wives, but the only wife he really loved was Rachel. All together, Jacob had twelve sons. His two youngest sons were from his beloved wife, Rachel. The older of these two was Joseph and the younger was Benjamin. Back then, the oldest son would often be the father\u2019s favorite child. Even though Joseph wasn\u2019t the oldest of all of Jacob\u2019s sons, he was the oldest son of his favorite wife. So out of all of Jacob\u2019s sons, Joseph was Jacob\u2019s very favorite. [PAR] For the next several weeks, we are going to learn about the AMAZING life of Joseph. The story of Joseph is better than any movie you\u2019ve ever seen. It is the TRUE story of God\u2019s incredible plan for Joseph, and the entire world. It is the story of forgiveness and God\u2019s over-flowing grace. It is a story of seeing circumstances the way God sees them instead of the way we see them. [PAR] Joseph\u2019s Dreams (Genesis 37:1-11) [PAR] Ask: Now, do you think that Joseph\u2019s brothers noticed that Joseph was their dad\u2019s favorite? Listen for answers. Say: Those brothers certainly knew which one was dad\u2019s favorite, and they didn\u2019t like it one bit! At times, Joseph would tell his father when his brothers weren\u2019t behaving well (Genesis 37:2). And Jacob treated Joseph differently from his other sons. [PAR] Jacob loved Joseph more than any of his other children because Joseph had been born to him in his old age. So one day Jacob had a special gift made for Joseph - a beautiful robe. But his brothers hated Joseph because their father loved him more than the rest of them. They couldn\u2019t say a kind word to him. - Genesis 37:3-4 NLT [PAR] Say: Sadly, Jacob made it very clear that he had a favorite son. When Joseph was a teenager, Jacob had a fancy robe made for him. The Bible says it was a colorful coat. It was the type that was worn by royalty (Gesenius\u2019s Lexicon). In Bible times, dyes for fabric were very expensive. A richly colored robe was a sign of great importance. Teacher: Show your fabric and trim. Explain that the robe may have been made of similar fabric with elaborate trim. Say: Joseph\u2019s brothers were shepherds who took care of dirty sheep all day. None of them had a coat like this. By wearing the coat, they thought Joseph was saying he was better than them. Then something happened that made the brothers even more jealous. [PAR] One night Joseph had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roman Numerals: MCMLXVIII = 1968 Roman Numerals: MCMLXVIII = 1968 [PAR] Roman Numerals: MCMLXVIII = 1968 [PAR] XC [PAR] IX [PAR] The converter lets you go from arabic to roman numerals and vice versa. Simply type in the number you would like to convert in the field you would like to convert from, and the number in the other format will appear in the other field. Due to the limitions of the roman number system you can only convert numbers from 1 to 3999 . [PAR] To easily convert between roman and arabic numerals you can use the table above. The key is to handle one arabic digit at a time, and translate it to the right roman number, where zeroes become empty. Go ahead and use the converter and observe how the table shows the solution in realtime! [PAR] Current date and time in Roman Numerals [PAR] 2016-12-29 [PAR] MMXVI-XII-XXIX [PAR] XV:XII:XLVII [PAR] Here is the current date and time written in roman numerals. Since the roman number system doesn't have a zero, the hour, minute, and second component of the timestamps sometimes become empty. [PAR] The year 1968 [PAR] The year 1968 began on a Monday and was a leap year. Here you can read more about what happened in the year 1968 . [PAR] The number 1968 [PAR] The number 1968 is divisble by 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 24 , 41 , 48 , 82 , 123 , 164 , 246 , 328 , 492 , 656 and 984 and can be prime factorized into 24\u00d73\u00d741. [PAR] 1968 as a binary number: 11110110000 [PAR] 1968 as an octal number: 3660 [PAR] 1968 as a hexadecimal number: 7B0 [PAR] Numbers close to MCMLXVIII [PAR] Below are the numbers MCMLXV through MCMLXXI , which are close to MCMLXVIII. The right column shows how each roman numeral adds up to the total. [PAR] 1000 [PAR] For example, to express the number 737 in roman numerals you write DCCXXXVII , that is 500 + 100 + 100 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1. However, for the numbers 4 and 9 , subtraction is used instead of addition, and the smaller number is written in front of the greater number: e.g. 14 is written as XIV , i.e. 10 + 5 \u2212 1, and 199 is expressed as CXCIX i.e. 100 + 100 \u2212 10 + 10 \u2212 1. It could be argued that 199 would be more easily written as CIC, but according to most common definition you can only subtract a number that is one order of magnitude smaller than the numbers you're subtracting from, meaning that IC for 99 is incorrect. [PAR] Roman numerals are often used in numbered lists, on buildings to state the year they were built, and in names of regents, such as Louis XVI of France. [PAR] Feel free to link to this site if you find it useful. It's also possible to link directly to specific numbers, such as roman-numerals.info/MMDXLVII or roman-numerals.info/782 . You can also link to intervals, for instance roman-numerals.info/1-100 or roman-numerals.info/1980-2020 , to see the numbers in a list format.[DOC] [TLE] MCMLXVIII in Roman Numerals | InRomanNumerals.com MCMLXVIII in Roman Numerals | InRomanNumerals.com [PAR] MCMLXVIII in Roman Numerals [PAR] The Roman Numerals MCMLXVIII represents 1968 [PAR] Decimal Number [PAR] People find this page searching for: [PAR] mcmlxviii [PAR] mcmlxviii que numero es en decimal, mcmlxviii roman numerals, roman mcmlxviii"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Tricks (TV Series 2003\u2013 ) - IMDb New Tricks (TV Series 2003\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Three retired police officers are drafted in to solve cold cases, with a touch of comedy and drama [PAR] Creators: [PAR] The team investigates the murder of an unidentified young woman who was found in the woods some 18 years previously. The original pathologist on the case, Professor Mears, has kept all of the ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] When one of Gerry's informants returns to England and provides him with new evidence, the team re-open the case of a 1987 bank robbery where one of the bank employees was killed. The prime suspect ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] When Brian's dog finds a body on a common, it prompts two people to confess to murder. But when the body turns out to be over 600 years old, Sandra, Jack, Brian and Gerry must discover why the pair ... [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 08 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 27 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" New Tricks \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Inspector George Gently (TV Series 2007) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR] With the help of DS John Bacchus, Inspector George Gently spends his days bringing to justice members of the criminal underworld who are unfortunate enough to have the intrepid investigator assigned to their cases. [PAR] Stars: Martin Shaw, Lee Ingleby, Simon Hubbard [PAR] DCI Banks (TV Series 2010) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR] The tenacious and stubborn DCI Banks unravels disturbing murder mysteries aided by his young assistants, DS Annie Cabbot and DI Helen Morton. [PAR] Stars: Stephen Tompkinson, Jack Deam, Andrea Lowe [PAR] Inspector Robert Lewis and Sergeant James Hathaway solve the tough cases that the learned inhabitants of Oxford throw at them. [PAR] Stars: Kevin Whately, Laurence Fox, Clare Holman [PAR] With her caustic wit and singular charm, DCI Vera Stanhope and her trusted right-hand man DS Joe Ashworth face a series of captivating murder mysteries set against the breathtaking Northumberland landscape. [PAR] Stars: Brenda Blethyn, Jon Morrison, David Leon [PAR] DI Jack Frost is an unconventional policeman with sympathy for the underdog and an instinct for moral justice. Sloppy, disorganized and disrespectful, he attracts trouble like a magnet. [PAR] Stars: David Jason, Bruce Alexander, John Lyons [PAR] Dalziel and Pascoe (TV Series 1996) [PAR] Crime | Mystery | Drama [PAR] Supt. Dalziel and partner DI Pascoe investigate murders, and find a bond forming between them despite their blatantly differing personalities. [PAR] Stars: Warren Clarke, Colin Buchanan, David Royle [PAR] British crime investigation series based around aristocratic, Oxford-educated Detective Inspector Thomas Lynley and his working-class assistant Sergeant Barbara Havers. [PAR] Stars: Nathaniel Parker, Sharon Small, Lesley Vickerage [PAR] Midsomer Murders (TV Series 1997) [PAR] Crime | Drama | Mystery [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Appendix:English names of sports teams - Wiktionary Appendix:English names of sports teams - Wiktionary [PAR] Appendix:English names of sports teams [PAR] Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary [PAR] rhyming play on the non-standard English negative \"ain't\". [PAR] Als [PAR] Referring to a period of success. [PAR] Amazin's [PAR] Short version of the above. [PAR] America's Team [PAR] references a period of team success. [PAR] America's Team [PAR] Dallas Cowboys [PAR] American football [PAR] Coined by Bob Ryan , the Vice President and editor-in-chief of NFL Films in 1979 as a title for the team's 1978 highlight film; based on the widespread fan base of the team outside its home environs. [PAR] Argonots [PAR] Derogatory name used when team is performing poorly (i.e. \" not \" winning). [PAR] Argos [PAR] Oakland Athletics [PAR] baseball [PAR] Short version of \"Athletics\" Emphasized by Charles O. Finley during his ownership of the team during the 60's and 70's. [PAR] Abbreviation of official team name. [PAR] B.I.L.L.S. [PAR] Buffalo Bills [PAR] American football [PAR] Used by detractors, acronyms for \"Boy I Love Losing Super Bowls\", in reference to the team's failure to win the Super Bowl in four straight tries during the early 1990s. [PAR] West Bromwich Albion [PAR] English football [PAR] Acquired when the players played in long shorts (debatable - see the club's article on Wikipedia for more details). [PAR] Banjo Pickers [PAR] Saskatchewan Roughriders [PAR] Canadian football [PAR] Winnipeg place kicker Troy Westwood stated before a playoff game in 2003 that Saskatchewan fans were a bunch of \" banjo -pickin' inbreds \". [PAR] Bantams [PAR] A reference to the claret and amber colours of the club's strip [PAR] Battlin' Bucs [PAR] Colorful version of \"Bucs\", short for \"buccaneer\", another word for a pirate. [PAR] Beaners [PAR] Reference to Beantown , a nickname for Boston . [PAR] Beermakers [PAR] Based on colour of home strip [PAR] Bees [PAR] Reference to Bengal Tigers, a species of tiger. [PAR] Big Blue [PAR] Winnipeg Blue Bombers [PAR] American football [PAR] reference to the team's name and colours, possibly influenced or suggested by the nickname of IBM [PAR] Big Blue (Wrecking Crew) [PAR] from the color of their jerseys, influenced by the nickname of IBM [1] [PAR] BIG D [PAR] Reference to the cardinal, which is a bird. [PAR] Black and Gold [PAR] Sunderland [PAR] English football [PAR] Named after the Black Cat battery gun that was where the stadium is now on the bank of the River Wear [PAR] Black Sox [PAR] Chicago White Sox [PAR] baseball [PAR] Reference to the infamous 1919 team, which fixed the World Series and is popularly known as the \"Black Sox\". [PAR] Sheffield United [PAR] English football [PAR] Local links with steel and cutlery. Used to be the nickname of Sheffield Wednesday until they became The Owls in 1899 [PAR] Blake Street Bombers [PAR] Reference to the street Coors Field is on. [PAR] Blake Street Bullies [PAR] Abbreviation of official team name. [PAR] Bless You Boys [PAR] Reference to the teams from the 80's and surrounding years. [PAR] Blue and Gold [PAR] Reference to one of the team's colors [PAR] Blue Jays [PAR] Colour of home football kit & possibly named after 1909 children's play 'Blue Bird' [PAR] Bluenotes [PAR] Colour of home football kit [PAR] Blueshirts [PAR] Toronto Argonauts [PAR] Canadian football [PAR] in reference to the team's foundation by the Argonaut Rowing Club of Toronto, which in turn was derived from Jason and the Argonauts, mythical heroes and boatmen who are the namesake of both the rowing club and the CFL team [PAR] From the lightning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ultimate Fully Loaded Bloody Mary - Serious Eats: Drinks The Food Lab, Drinks Edition: The Ultimate Fully Loaded Bloody Mary | Serious Eats [PAR] The Food Lab, Drinks Edition: The Ultimate Fully Loaded Bloody Mary [PAR] 58 [PAR] Queen of the brunch table, arch-nemesis of hangovers, and mistress of the morning. Max Davidson of the Daily Telegraph has called it the \"world's most complex cocktail,\" if only for the sheer number of ingredients that can go into it. Add into that the number of different spirit-based variations (the Bloody Maria with tequila, Bloody Bishop with Sherry, Bloody Fairy with absinthe, etc), and you end up with more options than you can shake a, well, a shaker at. [PAR] The ingredients and flavor profiles of a Bloody Mary are as complex and varied as the hangovers that spawn them. Not only that, but according to the American Chemical Society , the unique combination of ingredients and their reactions with each other creates literally hundreds of different flavor compounds that cover the entire range of human taste with the exception of bitterness. These flavor compounds are volatile and ever-changing, which means that for best results, you should mix your Bloody Mary fresh and serve it over plenty of ice to keep those chemical reactions at bay and keep the flavor in your glass. [PAR] Some people prefer the straight-up salty sweetness of tomato juice and celery. Others (like myself), the nose-biting, sinus-clearing pungency of horseradish or the hot bite of black pepper. Still others like to taint their drinks with copious amounts of briny olive juice (the heathen!). [PAR] So you can see the problem with trying to come up with \"an ultimate\" Bloody Mary recipe. One person's cure might be another's sickness. Horses for courses. Different drinks for different needs, and all that. [PAR] However, there are a few ground rules that can be generally agreed upon for the ideal Bloody Mary. Let's take a look at them (I'll also point out what I personally like in my cocktails) [PAR] It Must Be Tomato Juice Based [PAR] It's what puts the blood in the bloody, and what gives Bloody Marys their unique savory quality. Tomatoes contain high levels of glutamic acid, the essential amino acid that gives savory foods like meat, cheese, and mushrooms their mouthwatering umami flavor. This is the single most important ingredient in a Bloody Mary, so make sure you get a high quality, flavorful tomato juice. [PAR] Variations: [PAR] V8 Juice for those who like a bit more complexity and vegetable matter in their cocktail. [PAR] Clamato adds another layer of savoriness, though it can be horribly off-putting to some. [PAR] I'm a straight-up tomato juice kind of guy here. [PAR] Add Savory Ingredients [PAR] Tomato juice is savory on its own, but if you really want to up the umami-factor and turn this into a cocktail that drinks like a meal, consider adding a few other extra-savory ingredients, such as: [PAR] Worcestershire sauce. It's a classic Bloody Mary addition flavored with anchovies, tamarind, and dozens of other spices, adding richness and complexity to your dink. [PAR] Beef Consomm\u00e9. Bouillon cubes, demi-glace, or liquid consomm\u00e9 when used sparingly can give your cocktail the beefy, savory boost it needs. Just don't tell your vegetarian friends. [PAR] Soy Sauce. Put a sushi condiment in your drink? Hell yes! just like with gravy and soup, a few drops of soy sauce can add a mysterious depth of flavor without overwhelming. [PAR] Maggi Seasoning. This liquid amino extract (basically the same stuff as Gravy Master) is the secret"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sri Lanka / Asia & Indian Ocean - The Great Southern Route ... Sri Lanka / Asia & Indian Ocean - The Great Southern Route | Welcome to Great Southern Route - Third Edition [PAR] Welcome to Great Southern Route - Third Edition \u00bb Asia & Indian Ocean \u00bb Sri Lanka [PAR] Sri Lanka [PAR] SRI LANKA, formerly Ceylon, is an island nation in South Asia, located about 31 km (18 miles) off the southern coast of India . Sri Lanka lies in the Indian Ocean, to the SW of the Bay of Bengal and to the SE of the Arabian Sea. It is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. [PAR] Sri Lanka is a land of primeval jungles inhabited by leopards and elephants, wondrous ruins of the great civilizations of ages past, and a modern city. Colombo, the commercial capital of Sri Lanka, is where western technology meets the frenzy of a traditional Asian metropolis. As Ceylon, the island became famous for producing the world\u2019s finest teas. Bright fragrant spices, sparkling sapphires, and the colourful trappings of a variety of ceremonies and religious festivals make this a most rewarding destination for those who keep their eyes and ears open. Colombo is fast changing its face. Almost overnight, skyscrapers arise from where old buildings once stood. [PAR] Yet, in some parts, the old-world charm is retained; a 100-yr-old clock tower and several colonial buildings are still to be seen in the city. And thanks to its multi-cultural society, so too are both Hindu and Buddhist temples. Colombo serves as your gateway to the rest of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia and has been a centre of Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times. Famous for the production and export of tea, coffee, rubber and coconuts, Sri Lanka boasts a progressive and modern industrial economy. [PAR] The natural beauty of Sri Lanka\u2019s tropical forests, beaches and landscape, as well as its rich cultural heritage make it a world famous tourist destination. Sri Lanka is a popular stop for superyachts en route to the Red Sea from Asia. It is a good departure point for cruising the Maldives , Chagos and the Seychelles . The popular port visited by most superyachts is Galle on the island\u2019s southern tip. [PAR] Sri Lanka[DOC] [TLE] Sri Lanka - Encyclopedia of the Nations Sri Lanka [PAR] Sri Lanka [PAR] Official name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka [PAR] Area: 65,610 square kilometers (25,332 square miles) [PAR] Highest point on mainland: Pidurutalagala (2,524 meters/8,281 feet) [PAR] Lowest point on land: Sea level [PAR] Hemispheres: Northern and Eastern [PAR] P.M. [PAR] = noon GMT [PAR] Longest distances: 435 kilometers (270 miles) from north to south; 225 kilometers (140 miles) from east to west [PAR] Land boundaries: None [PAR] Coastline: 1,340 kilometers (833 miles) [PAR] Territorial sea limits: 22 kilometers (12 nautical miles) [PAR] 1 LOCATION AND SIZE [PAR] Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) is an island in the Indian Ocean south of India. It is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia. [PAR] 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES [PAR] Sri Lanka has no territories or dependencies. [PAR] 3 CLIMATE [PAR] Sri Lanka has neither summer nor winter but instead has rainy and dry seasons. Sri Lanka receives the northeast monsoon from December through March and the southwest monsoon from June through October. Seventy-five percent of Sri Lanka is a dry zone, primarily in the northern and eastern regions. These areas receive an average annual rainfall of 127 to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Cut Is The Deepest - Last.fm Cat Stevens \u2014 The First Cut Is The Deepest \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] cat stevens [PAR] \"The First Cut Is the Deepest\" is a 1967 song written and sung by Cat Stevens. It has become a hit single for five different artists: P.P. Arnold (1967), Keith Hampshire (1973), Rod Stewart (1977) Sheryl Crow (2003), and James Morrison (2006). The song is covered by more than a dozen other musicians as well. [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harold Macmillan | prime minister of United Kingdom ... Harold Macmillan | prime minister of United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of United Kingdom [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Alternative Title: Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden [PAR] Harold Macmillan [PAR] Prime minister of United Kingdom [PAR] Also known as [PAR] Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden [PAR] born [PAR] Harold Macmillan, in full Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden (born Feb. 10, 1894, London , Eng.\u2014died Dec. 29, 1986, Birch Grove, Sussex ), British politician who was prime minister from January 1957 to October 1963. [PAR] Harold Macmillan [PAR] Camera Press/Globe Photos [PAR] The son of an American-born mother and the grandson of a founder of the London publishing house of Macmillan & Co. , he was educated at Balliol College, Oxford . He distinguished himself in combat during World War I and entered politics after the war. He sat in the House of Commons from 1924 to 1929 and from 1931 to 1964. When Winston Churchill formed his World War II coalition government (May 1940), Macmillan, who had bitterly condemned British \u201cappeasement\u201d of Nazi Germany in the late 1930s, was appointed parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Supply. After 10 months as colonial under secretary, he was sent (Dec. 30, 1942) to northwest Africa as British minister resident at Allied Forces Headquarters, Mediterranean Command. There his efforts to secure good relations with Dwight D. Eisenhower , Charles de Gaulle , and other high Allied officers improved his skills as a politician. [PAR] Harold Macmillan discussing Britain\u2019s position relative to the European Common Market, 1956. [PAR] Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library [PAR] At the end of the war in Europe, Macmillan was secretary of state for air in Churchill\u2019s \u201ccaretaker\u201d government (May\u2013July 1945). After the Conservatives regained power in 1951, he was successively appointed minister of housing and local government (October 1951) and minister of defense (October 1954) by Churchill and then served as foreign secretary (April\u2013December 1955) and chancellor of the exchequer (1955\u201357) under Sir Anthony Eden . He was appointed prime minister on Jan. 10, 1957, following the resignation of Eden in the wake of the Suez crisis, and was elected leader of the Conservative Party 12 days later. [PAR] Macmillan immediately had to deal with a national shortage of money, and his chancellor of the exchequer, Peter Thorneycroft, resigned (January 1958) in protest against government spending. Macmillan worked to improve British-U.S. relations, which had been strained by the Suez crisis, and his old partnership with General, now President, Eisenhower was helpful in this regard. Macmillan himself supervised the conduct of foreign policy as prime minister. He had several conferences with presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy , and he visited Nikita S. Khrushchev in Moscow (February 1959). At home, Macmillan gave firm support to Britain\u2019s array of postwar social programs. He led the Conservative Party to a resounding victory in the 1959 general election by effectively contrasting Britain\u2019s prewar unemployment with its postwar full employment under the slogan \u201cYou\u2019ve never had it so good.\u201d [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] The Nassau agreement (December 1962) between Macmillan and Kennedy, that the United States should furnish nuclear missiles for British submarines, enraged Charles de Gaulle, who then was head of the French state and who insisted on a Europe uncontrolled by the United States. The subsequent French veto (Jan. 29, 1963) of Great Britain\u2019s entry into the European Economic Community was a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Package-unit adjustable-height basketball backboard support Patent US5102127 - Package-unit adjustable-height basketball backboard support - Google Patents [PAR] Package-unit adjustable-height basketball backboard support [PAR] US 5102127 A [PAR] Abstract [PAR] A pre-assembled package-unit for adjusting the height of a basketball backboard includes a fixed assembly including a pair of vertical square tubes into whose downward ends fit the square tubes of an upward telescoping assembly which bears lower brackets to support the backboard. On the outer square surfaces of the fixed assembly slide the internally-squared surfaces of upper brackets extending to the backboard. An electric linear actuator, mounted on the fixed assembly and extending to the telescoping assembly, is powered and controlled from below by a hand-held electric wand to adjust the height of the backboard. The squared construction firmly resists side forces imposed on the backboard. [PAR] Images(1) [PAR] Claims(5) [PAR] I claim: [PAR] 1. For interposition between a basketball backboard and structural support means therefor, an upward-telescoping height-adjustable mount means comprising [PAR] (A) a stationary frame portion having two parallel vertical fixed-position members comprised of metal tubing, having non-round exterior and interior surfaces, [PAR] said members having open lower ends and interior slide surfaces extending upward therefrom, and [PAR] upper beam means interconnecting their upper ends; [PAR] (B) a telescoping-frame portion including two parallel telescoping vertical members having outer slide surfaces fittable slidable within the open lower ends and interior slide surfaces of said stationary-frame portion fixed members, and having downward-projecting lower ends and beam means interconnecting said ends, [PAR] there being at said downward-projecting ends, lower bracket means projecting therefrom away from plane of said two parallel stationary-frame portion fixed members, [PAR] whereby to project toward such backboard, further including [PAR] (C) upper backboard bracket members similarly projecting from said plane and including means for vertical sliding along the exterior surfaces of said stationary-frame tubular members, together further with [PAR] (D) linear actuator means for adjustably establishing the vertical spacing between said upper beam means of said fixed frame and said beam means of said telescoping frame, [PAR] whereby on securing both said lower bracket means and said upper bracket means to such backboard, and on operating said linear actuator, the slide surfaces of said telescoping frame vertical members may slide vertically within the interior slide surfaces of said stationary-frame vertical members while said means for vertical sliding of said upper bracket members slide vertically along the exterior slide surfaces of said stationary-frame vertical members, nevertheless resisting sideward forces imposed on such backboard. [PAR] 2. The upward-telescoping height-adjustable mount means as defined in claim 1, wherein [PAR] said linear actuator means has a mounting point at said stationary-frame upper beam means, and operatively extends to said telescoping-frame beam means, and [PAR] conductor and control means for supplying electric current to said linear actuator for extension and retraction thereof. [PAR] 3. The upward-telescoping height-adjustable mount means as defined in claim 2, further including [PAR] a receptacle projecting from and presented downwardly from the stationary portion of said mount means, together with [PAR] a rigid wand mounting an electric connector extending from a plug end for mating with said receptacle. [PAR] 4. The upward-telescoping height-adjustable mount means as defined in claim 1, further including lower beam means interconnecting said lower ends of said stationary-frame vertical members wherein [PAR] the stationary portion of said mount means includes a downwardly-presented electric receptacle therefor in further combination with [PAR] a hand-carried electric-conduit wand having at one end an electric plug adapted to mate with and disconnect from said receptacle. [PAR] 5. The upward-telescoping height-adjustable backboard mount means as defined in claim"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Batman Begins / The Dark Knight - Triple Play (Blu-ray ... Amazon.com: Batman Begins / The Dark Knight - Triple Play (Blu-ray + DVD + UV Copy) [2005][Region Free]: Movies & TV [PAR] Batman Begins / The Dark Knight - Triple Play (Blu-ray + DVD + UV Copy) [2005][Region Free] [PAR] Rated: [PAR] Limited-time savings on featured Blu-rays and DVDs. Learn more [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. [PAR] To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Double bill of films from the hugely popular 'Batman' franchise. In 'Batman Begins' (2005), in the wake of his parents' murder, disillusioned industrial heir Bruce Wayne (Christian Bale) travels the world seeking the means to fight injustice and turn fear against those who prey on the fearful. He returns to Gotham and unveils his alter-ego: Batman, a masked crusader who uses his strength, intellect and an array of high-tech deceptions to fight the sinister forces that threaten the city. 'The Dark Knight' (2008) sees Gotham's avenging angel squaring up to a new kid on the block - psychotic prankster, the Joker (Heath Ledger). In the space of a year, Batman (Bale), aided by Commissioner Gordon (Gary Oldman) and new District Attorney Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart), has managed to rid Gotham's streets of the organised crime gangs that once ravaged the city. Things seem to be looking up, although on the personal front, Bruce Wayne discovers he has a rival in his affections for main squeeze Rachel Dawes (Maggie Gyllenhaal) in the shape of the new DA who, as a political climber, likes to keep his cards close to his chest. But just when the authorities think they're finally making progress in their fight against crime, the appearance on the streets of a sinister new figure, with a demented grin and a passion for chaos, causes panic among the good people of Gotham, and leads to a battle of wits between Batman and the Joker which threatens to get extremely personal. [PAR] Product Details[DOC] [TLE] Batman Begins - Movies & TV on Google Play Batman Begins - Movies & TV on Google Play [PAR] Batman Begins [PAR] Item added to wishlist. [PAR] Item removed from wishlist. [PAR] You will receive an email when your movie becomes available. You will not be charged until it is released. [PAR] ( 8,794) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Batman Begins explores the origins of the Batman legend and the Dark Knight's emergence as a force for good in Gotham. In the wake of his parents' murder, disillusioned industrial heir Bruce Wayne (Christian Bale) travels the world seeking the means to fight injustice and turn fear against those who prey on the fearful. He returns to Gotham and unveils his alter-ego: Batman, a masked crusader who uses his strength, intellect and an array of high tech deceptions to fight the sinister forces that threaten the city. MPAA Rating: PG-13 BATMAN and all related characters and elements are TM and (c) of DC Comics(c) 2005"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madejski Stadium | US Soccer Players Madejski Stadium | US Soccer Players [PAR] US Soccer Players [PAR] The official site of the USMNT Soccer Players with soccer news, schedule, statistics, players, interviews, and exclusive stories. [PAR] Next Opponent [PAR] Madejski Stadium [PAR] January 21, 2009 [PAR] Two US National Team players are part of Reading\u2019s squad, Marcus Hahnemann and Bobby Convey. Though recently part of the English Premier League, Reading were relegated at the end of last season and currently play in the Championship. They play their home games at the Madejski Stadium, named for the club\u2019s chairman. [PAR] The stadium has four stands, creatively named North, South, East, and West. The North Stand is the home of the Reading support, with the South Stand for away fans. Located on the rivers Thames and Kennet, the town of Reading is considered part of the suburbs of London even though it\u2019s 40 miles from the city. It has a population of around 140,000. London Irish, a rugby union team, plays their home games at Madejski Stadium. [PAR] The stadium itself holds 24,161 an was opened at the start of the 1998-99 season. At one time considered a model for Major League Soccer\u2019s stadiums, the Madejski sits on what was a landfill with easy access to the highway. This is a different model than stadiums built close to the center of a city without considerable parking. [PAR] Reading\u2019s former home, Elm Park, did not have the room to rebuild it as a modern stadium suitable for the Premier League. Built in 1896 and at one time capable of holding over 30,000, the move to all-seater stadiums in the early 1990\u2019s reduced capacity to 15,500."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SuperM - Live Auctioneers puppets SuperM - Live Auctioneers puppets [PAR] Live auctioneers puppets [PAR] After having first salvaged the material from the Christies auction , I subsequently stumbled on Bonham's version . And here is yet a third sale of Supermarionation related material, this one organised by Live Auctioneers. As with the other two, what follows are the images and accompanying text from the original webpage, unedited apart from a few typos. [PAR] \"dr. Fawn\" puppet from Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons \u2013 (ITC, 1968\u20131969) [PAR] reconstructed [PAR] Dr. Fawn puppet [PAR] This is a Dr. Fawn puppet with hero \"normal\" head. Dr. Fawn is one of the lead cast of 9 Spectrum officer puppets made for Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. The Dr. Fawn figure was the only puppet sculpted by production's head of puppet department, John Brown. This puppet is featured in many episodes including the first where he classifies Captain Scarlet as \"indestructible\". Following Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons the puppet was used in multiple episodes of the series Joe 90 and Secret Service as a guest character. [PAR] This puppet head was originally sold as part of the Philips 1995 auction and is one of very few that is 100% complete, including solenoid, internal mechanism eyes and back of head. There is a magnetic panel in the back of the head, concealed by real hair, which comes off revealing the mechanisms. [The head referred to in the link in this paragraph was sold at the same auction and its owner was kind enough to publicize an article on it \u2013 it is probably not the same head as described in the text \u2014 JLN2nd] [PAR] The jointed body and costume consisting of dark brown shirt and pants, beige suede, metal and leather zippered uniform vest, cr\u00e9me leather boots and striking plastic visor cap are exact replicas made by former 21st century puppet sculptor, Terry Curtis. The costume features the Scarlet insignia on cap and sleeves and the leather of the tabard, boots and cap is the same as the originals sourced from Pittards Leather. A stunning and complete presentation on a stand consisting of a 5\u00be\" \u00d7 5\" \u00d7 1\" wooden base and metal rod that attaches to the puppet's back. [PAR] puppet made for Joe 90, used in Secret Service \u2013 (ITC, 1968\u20131969) [PAR] Joe 90 extra [PAR] This incredible 22\u00bd\" tall \u00d7 6\u00bd\" wide puppet is one of very few especially made for Joe 90. The puppet was repurposed and featured in many episodes, including the lead villain in the story \"Breakout\" . Following Joe 90 the puppet was also used in Secret Service (1969) as a guest character. [PAR] This puppet features the sole head that was created for this particular character. There is a magnetic panel in the back of the head, concealed by real black hair, which comes off revealing the mechanisms for controlling the movement of the puppet's tiny glass eyes mounted on solenoid and its articulating mouth. [PAR] The head and hands were originally sold as part of the Philips 1995 auction. The costume including green shirt, brown tie, forest green trousers and lime green hooded jacket are also screen-used and come directly from original puppeteer Mary Turner, who used the costume pieces in various episodes of Joe 90 and Secret Service. The puppet is displayed on a stand consisting of a 6\u00bd\" \u00d7 5\" \u00d7 1\" wooden base and metal rod that attaches to the puppet's back. There are only a handful of puppets in existence that include original head, hands and clothing. A very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Cheeses | International Dairy Foods Association Types of Cheeses | International Dairy Foods Association [PAR] Types of Cheeses [PAR] Types of Cheeses [PAR] Asiago cheese is a nutty flavored cheese that hails from Europe. It is named for a region in Italy where it was first produced. This region is known as the Asiago High Plateau, which lies within the Italian Alps. [PAR] Asiago cheese is produced in two forms as follows: fresh Asiago, also known as Pressato, and mature Asiago, which is called Asiago d\u00b4Allevo. Fresh Asiago has an off-white color and is milder in flavor than mature asiago. Mature asiago also has a more yellowish color and is somewhat grainy in texture. [PAR] Blue cheese is a general classification of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had Penicillium cultures added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mold, and carries a distinct smell. Some blue cheeses are injected with spores before the curds form and others have spores mixed in with the curds after they form. Blue cheese was initially produced in caves Blue cheeses are typically aged in a temperature-controlled environment such as a cave. [PAR] The characteristic flavor of blue cheeses tends to be sharp and a bit salty. Due to this strong flavor and smell, blue cheeses are often considered an acquired taste. They can be eaten by themselves or can be crumbled or melted over foods. [PAR] Cheddar cheese originated in the village of Cheddar, England. A firm, cow's milk cheese that ranges in flavor from mild to sharp and in color from a natural white to pumpkin orange. Orange cheddars are colored with annatto, a natural dye. Canadian cheddars are smoother, creamier, and are known for their balance of flavor and sharpness. Cheddars vary in flavor depending on the length of aging and their origin. As cheddar slowly ages, it loses moisture and its texture becomes drier and more crumbly. Sharpness becomes noticeable at 12 months (old cheddar) and 18 months (extra old cheddar). The optimal aging period is 5-6 years; however, for most uses three-year-old cheese is fine and five-year-old cheddar can be saved for special occasions. [PAR] Cream cheese is considered to be a fresh type of cheese due to the fact that it is not aged. The flavor is subtle, fresh and sweet, but has a light tangy taste. At room temperature cream cheese spreads easily and has a smooth and creamy texture which makes it rich. It is made by adding cream to cow's milk which gives it richness but is not ripened, limiting its shelf life. Cream cheese is usually white in color and is available in low fat or non fat varieties. [PAR] Feta cheese is one of the oldest cheeses in the world and is said to be a product from Greece. Since October 2002 feta cheese has been formally accepted as a Greek only cheese Feta is soft cheese, and is made from sheep milk if a mixture of sheep and goat milk. More recently cow's milk has been used. Feta is white in color, is a bit sour to the taste and rich in aroma. Even though it is a soft cheese, it is also manufactured with a partially hard texture. [PAR] Goat cheese comes in a variety of forms, although the most common is a soft, easily spread cheese. Goat cheese can also be made in hard aged varieties as well as semi firm cheeses like feta. Goat cheese is especially common in the Middle East, Africa,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 21 - Adele | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic 21 - Adele | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by Matt Collar [PAR] Adele 's 2009 debut album, 19 , was a Grammy-winning smash hit that revealed the British singer/songwriter's knack for bittersweet soul and folk-infused love songs that brought to mind an infectious mix of Dusty Springfield and Terry Callier . The album earned her a ton of fans, and interest was high for the inevitable follow-up. In many ways, her sophomore album, the similarly age-appropriate-titled 21 , is a continuation of the sounds and themes Adele was working with on 19 . She is still the bluesy pop diva with a singer/songwriter's soul and seemingly bottomless capacity for heartbreak. If the tastefully organic production and overabundance of well-known co-writers come off a bit too on-the-nose in terms of delivering to fan expectations, then the best thing the album does is to showcase Adele 's titanic vocal ability, which -- more than a few times on 21 -- is simply spine-tingling. Last time around we got the gauzy, Callier-esque folk-soul ballad \"Daydreamer\" to slowly draw us into the album; here, Adele immediately injects us with the propulsive gospel fever-blues anthem \"Rolling in the Deep.\" While the track certainly owes a heavy debt to the punk-blues of Beth Ditto and the Gossip , it is also ridiculously sexy and one of the best singles of any decade -- and, unfortunately, completely sets the bar way too high for everything else on 21 . Which isn't to say that 21 is bad; on the contrary, tracks like the similarly blues-inflected Ryan Tedder co-write \"Rumour Has It\" and the old-school-style soul cut \"He Won't Go\" are terrifically catchy, booty-shaking numbers, and exactly the kind of songs you want and expect from Adele . That said, if Adele 's voice goes on forever here, so apparently does her appetite for bad relationship mojo. An inordinate amount of the material on 21 is about yearning for lost love. In fact, the centerpiece of the album, the mega-ballad showstopper \"Take It All\" -- co-written by her \"Chasing Pavements\" partner Francis White -- begins with Adele proclaiming \"Didn't I give it all?\" Delivered starkly at first with Adele set against simple piano accompaniment and later backed by a gospel choir, it's an instant-classic sort of song in the tradition of \"The Rose,\" \"And I Am Telling You I Am Not Going,\" and \"All by Myself\" that could stand over the years as a career landmark for the singer and a cathartic moment for fans who identify with their idol's Pyrrhic lovelorn persona. For others, over the course of the album, that persona and the insistence of track after track of heartbreak can get a bit alienating. Ultimately, however, Adele does give us her all on 21 , and for now that is enough. [PAR] Track Listing[DOC] [TLE] Adele Guests on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon ... Adele Guests on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon - NBC.com [PAR] @Adele [PAR] Adele is a Grammy Award-winning British singer-songwriter. She has released two best-selling albums, 2008's 19 and 2012's 21, which was certified diamond after selling 10 million copies. In 2013, Adele won the Best Original Song Oscar for \"Skyfall,\" the theme to the James Bond film of the same name. Her highly anticipated third album, 25, will be released on November 20. [PAR] Follow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hardy Amies (fashion house) - Videos - mashpedia.com Hardy Amies (fashion house) - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos [PAR] Hardy Amies (fashion house) [PAR] NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] [PAR] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE [PAR] This article contains content that is written like an advertisement . Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view . [PAR] (May 2010) [PAR] Hardy Amies is a British-based fashion house specialising in modern luxury menswear. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Main article: Hardy Amies [PAR] Sir Hardy Amies , KCVO (17 July 1909 \u2013 5 March 2003), was born Edwin Amies in Maida Vale , London. His father was an architect for the London County Council , his mother a saleswoman for Madame Gray at Machinka & May, London. In his teens, he adopted his mother's maiden name, Hardy \u2013 and always cited her as the inspiration for his chosen professional path. [PAR] Amies was educated at Brentwood School , Essex, leaving in 1927. Although his father wanted him to attend Cambridge University , it was his ambition to become a journalist. His father relented and arranged for a meeting between his son and R. D. Blumenfeld , the editor of the Daily Express . His father was mortified when Blumenfeld suggested his son travel around Europe to gain some worldly experience. After spending three years in France and Germany; learning the languages, working for a customs agent and then as an English tutor in Antibes and later Bendorf , Germany \u2013 Amies returned to England, where in 1930 he became a sales assistant in a ceramic wall-tile factory, after which he secured a trainee position as a weight machine salesman with W & T Avery Ltd. in Birmingham. [PAR] It was Amies' mother\u2019s contacts in the fashion world, and his flair for writing, that secured him his first job in fashion. It was his vivid description of a dress, written in a letter to a retired French seamstress, which brought Hardy to the attention of the owner of the Mayfair couture house Lachasse on Farm Street, Berkeley Square , as the wearer of the dress was the owner's wife. He became managing director at the age of 25, in 1934. In 1937, he scored his first success with a Linton tweed suit in sage green with a cerise overcheck called \u2018Panic\u2019. \u2018Panic\u2019 was to be his debut into the fashion bible Vogue and was photographed by Cecil Beaton . By the late 1930s, Hardy was designing the entire Lachasse collection. His second celebration creation was \u2018Made in England\u2019, a biscuit-coloured checked suit for the Hollywood ing\u00e9nue Mildred Shay . He left Lachasse in 1939 and joined the House of Worth in 1941. [PAR] At the outbreak of World War II, he had been recruited into military intelligence because of his fluent German and French. He listed among his accomplishments on his application mountaineering, shooting, boxing and sketching. Amies saw service in the Special Operations Executive or SOE. Posted to SOE Headquarters in Baker Street in London, Amies was put in charge of the Belgium section and worked with the various Belgian resistance groups organising sabotage assignments. Amies rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . SOE's commander Major General Colin Gubbins did not regard a dressmaker as suitable military material, but his training report stated: [PAR] \"This officer is far tougher both physically and mentally than his rather precious appearance would suggest. He possesses a keen brain and an abundance of shrewd sense. His only handicap is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sackbut - definition of sackbut by The Free Dictionary Sackbut - definition of sackbut by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Sackbut - definition of sackbut by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sackbut [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] sack\u00b7but [PAR] n. [PAR] A medieval instrument resembling the trombone. [PAR] [French saquebute, from Old French saqueboute : Old North French saquier, to pull; see saccade + Old French bouter, to push (of Germanic origin; see bhau- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots).] [PAR] sackbut [PAR] n [PAR] (Instruments) a medieval form of trombone. Also called: sacbut or sagbut [PAR] [C16: from French saqueboute, from Old French saquer to pull + bouter to push; see butt3: used in the Bible (Daniel 3) as a mistranslation of Aramaic sabb'ka stringed instrument] [PAR] sack\u2022but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WashingtonPost.com: Nixon Resigns WashingtonPost.com: Nixon Resigns [PAR] Nixon Resigns [PAR] Washington Post Staff Writer [PAR] Friday, August 9, 1974; Page A01 [PAR] Richard Milhous Nixon announced last night that he will resign as the 37th President of the United States at noon today. [PAR] Vice President Gerald R. Ford of Michigan will take the oath as the new President at noon to complete the remaining 2 1/2 years of Mr. Nixon's term. [PAR] After two years of bitter public debate over the Watergate scandals, President Nixon bowed to pressures from the public and leaders of his party to become the first President in American history to resign. [PAR] \"By taking this action,\" he said in a subdued yet dramatic television address from the Oval Office, \"I hope that I will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America.\" [PAR] Vice President Ford, who spoke a short time later in front of his Alexandria home, announced that Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger will remain in his Cabinet. [PAR] The President-to-be praised Mr. Nixon's sacrifice for the country and called it \"one of the vary saddest incidents that I've every witnessed.\" [PAR] Mr. Nixon said he decided he must resign when he concluded that he no longer had \"a strong enough political base in the Congress\" to make it possible for him to complete his term of office. [PAR] Declaring that he has never been a quitter, Mr. Nixon said that to leave office before the end of his term \" is abhorrent to every instinct in my body.\" [PAR] But \"as President, I must put the interests of America first,\" he said. [PAR] While the President acknowledged that some of his judgments \"were wrong,\" he made no confession of the \"high crimes and misdemeanors\" with which the House Judiciary Committee charged him in its bill of impeachment. [PAR] Specifically, he did not refer to Judiciary Committee charges that in the cover-up of Watergate crimes he misused government agencies such as the FBI, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Internal Revenue Service. [PAR] After the President's address, Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski issued a statement declaring that \"there has been no agreement or understanding of any sort between the President or his representatives and the special prosecutor relating in any way to the President's resignation.\" [PAR] Jaworski said that his office \"was not asked for any such agreement or understanding and offered none.\" [PAR] His office was informed yesterday afternoon of the President's decision, Jaworski said, but \"my office did not participate in any way in the President's decision to resign.\" [PAR] Mr. Nixon's brief speech was delivered in firm tones and he appeared to be complete control of his emotions. The absence of rancor contrasted sharply with the \"farewell\" he delivered in 1962 after being defeated for the governorship of California. [PAR] An hour before the speech, however, the President broke down during a meeting with old congressional friends and had to leave the room. [PAR] He had invited 20 senators and 26 representatives for a farewell meeting in the Cabinet room. Later, Sen. Barry M. Goldwater (R-Ariz.), one of those present, said Mr. Nixon said to them very much what he said in his speech. [PAR] \"He just told us that the country couldn't operate with a half-time President,\" Goldwater reported. \"Then he broke down and cried and he had to leave the room. Then the rest of us broke down and cried.\" [PAR] In his televised resignation, after thanking his friends for their support, the President concluded by saying"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carinthia travel guide - Wikitravel Carinthia travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] Carinthia is possibly the most autonomous state in Austria (with the possible exception of Tyrol). Older than Austria itself, it has always been fairly isolated from its surroundings by its geography. Carinthians are rooted and proud, but also have a reputation for being more warm-hearted than the rest of Austrians. There are several explanation where the name Carinthia comes from. One explanation says it is derived from the Celtic word Carant which means friend. Another explanation claims that the name comes from the Celtic word karanto which means stone. Carinthia is quite a mountainous area, sandwiched by the Alps in the north and the Karawanken in the south. It shares a border with both Italy and Slovenia. [PAR] By air[ edit ] [PAR] K\u00e4rnten has one international airport located in Klagenfurt . You can reach this airport from Vienna . International flights arrive from Berlin , Hamburg and Cologne (K\u00f6ln) . [PAR] By train[ edit ] [PAR] Villach is a railway gateway to all parts of Austria, therefore it's easy to get to K\u00e4rnten from all major cities in Austria. Trains from Vienna and Graz arrive approximately every two hours. [PAR] By car[ edit ] [PAR] Take the S\u00fcdautobahn (A2/motorway) if your travelling from Styria or Vienna . If you are arriving from Salzburg take the Tauernautobahn (A10/motorway,toll). [PAR] By car[ edit ] [PAR] Driving by car is definitely the easiest way to get around. Be prepared that apart from the main routes mountain roads can be especially tricky for those who are not used to driving on them. This is especially true in winter. [PAR] Do[ edit ][ add listing ] [PAR] K\u00e4rnten is known for its ski resorts as well for its scenic lakes and mountains (hiking, climbing). If you are traveling in summer try out one of these lakes: [PAR] W\u00f6rthersee - Austria's biggest lake, a popular resort for German tourists and the location for various German and Austrian film and TV-series productions. Prices tend to be higher than elsewhere in Carinthia due to its importance to tourism. [PAR] Faakersee - A small lake close to Villach . [PAR] Ossiachersee - located in the north-east of Villach . [PAR] Millst\u00e4ttersee - located in the east of Spittal . [PAR] Wei\u00dfensee - the highest-altitude swimming lake in the Alps (930m above sea level) with crystal clear water, beautifully situated in a fjord-like valley. [PAR] Skiing resorts include Nassfeld at the Italian border, Turrach at the border with Styria, Flachau and Katschberg both bordering Salzburg. Skiing is a bit cheaper than in Tirol and Vorarlberg . [PAR] Carinthian cuisine is closely related to Italian cuisine and therefore known for all types of noodles. Specialities are [PAR] Kletzennudel - sweet noodles filled with dried pears [PAR] Kasnudel - Noodles filled with a mixture of potatoes, curd cheese and fresh herbs (such as black spearmint) and served with hot butter. The exact recipe varys throughout Carinthia as every cook has his own special secret for preparing these noodles. [PAR] Glundner Kas - cooked cheese made of caraway, butter and mature curd cheese. [PAR] Reindling - a type of cake made of yeast dough filled with raisins, sugar and cinnamon. Baked mainly during the Easter holidays. [PAR] Stay safe[ edit ] [PAR] Like the rest of Austria, Carinthia is a very safe place. The usual precautions when travelling are usually enough. [PAR] Get out[ edit ] [PAR] The Soca / Isonzo valley in Slovenia is about an hour's drive from Klagefurt and Villach over the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reginald Doherty : definition of Reginald Doherty and ... Reginald Doherty : definition of Reginald Doherty and synonyms of Reginald Doherty (English) [PAR] Career [PAR] R.F.Doherty Beginning of Low Backhand Drive [PAR] Reggie Doherty began tennis early in life and as a boy at Westminster School showed great promise. At age 14 he won the boys' singles title at an open championship in Llandudno . Doherty was educated at the University of Cambridge ( Trinity Hall ), where he played for the Cambridge University Lawn Tennis Club [2] . In 1895 and 1895 he was part of the Cambridge team that beat Oxford and won the Scottish and Essex championships. [PAR] Grand Slams [PAR] Doherty played in his first Wimbledon Championships in 1894 and lost in the first round to Clement Cazalet in four sets. In 1897 Doherty won his first singles Wimbledon title after beating reigning champion Harold Mahony in three straight sets (6-4, 6-4, 6-3). He successfully defended his title for the next three years (1898, 1899, 1900). In 1898 he did so by beating his brother in the Challenge Round in five sets (6-3, 6-3, 2-6, 5-7, 6-1). In 1901 he finally lost his Wimbledon crown when he was defeated in the Challenge Round by Arthur Gore in four sets (6-4, 5-7, 4-6, 4-6). He was also a runner-up at the U.S. Championships in 1902 where he was beaten by the defending American champion William Larned in four sets (6-4, 2-6, 4-6, 6-8). Together with his brother Laurie he won eight Wimbledon Championships doubles titles and two U.S. Championship doubles titles. [PAR] Davis Cup [PAR] Doherty represented the British Isles in the prestigious Davis Cup contest from 1902 to 1906. In 1902 he won the doubles match with his brother but lost the final and decisive singles match against American Malcolm Whitman in straight sets (1-6, 5-7, 4-6). In 1903 he contributed significantly to his team's his first Davis Cup title against the United States by winning the doubles match and the decisive singles match against Robert Wrenn . Doherty won the Davis Cup trophy a further three times (1904, 1905, 1906) although in these years he only competed, and won, in the doubles matches [3] . [PAR] Olympics [PAR] Doherty won the doubles title ( gold medals were not given at the 1900 Games) at the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris with his brother. He also competed in the singles tournament and reached the semi-final where he was scheduled to play against his brother. Reggie withdrew, since the brothers refused to play each other before the final [4] . He also won the mixed doubles title with five-time Wimbledon champion Charlotte Cooper . Doherty did not compete in the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis . In the 1908 Olympics in London Reggie again won the doubles title, this time with compatriot George Hillyard [5] . [PAR] R.F. Doherty was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1980 together with his brother [6] . [PAR] Death [PAR] Doherty died on 29 December 1910 at the age of only 38 at his home in Kensington shortly after returning from a convalescence stay in a sanatorium in Davos , Switzerland [7] . [PAR] According to his obituary in The New York Times, Doherty had \"been ill health for some time\". The article further stated, he \"held at various times every important championship the world of tennis has for a man to win. He was not beaten until he began to fail in health\". [1] Both brothers apparently suffered from respiratory problems throughout their lives. [8]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Internet Domain Name Structure for .au - AUNIC Internet Domain Name Structure for .au [PAR] Management of Internet Domain Names within the Country Code .au [PAR] This document references the applicable policies and procedures relating to the registration of Internet Domain Names within the country code .au, which is the two letter top level code for Australia used by the global Internet Domain name structure. [PAR] Newer .au policy information is available from the auDA Policy page and auDA Domains page . [PAR] AUNIC has archived its Old policy page (from approximately 2002). [PAR] Some notes describing the Internet Domain Name structure, together with a short tutorial on how to configure a domain zone file are here . [PAR] The structure of the .au domain space is as follows: [PAR] .au Delegated country name space for Australia [PAR] .com.au Subdomain for commercial entities [PAR] .edu.au Subdomain for educational institutions [PAR] .org.au Subdomain for miscellaneous organisations [PAR] .gov.au Subdomain for government and semi-government entities [PAR] .net.au Subdomain for network infrastructure and providers [PAR] .asn.au Subdomain for associations [PAR] .id.au Tree of subdomains for individual people [PAR] .conf.au Subdomain for conferences and exhibitions requiring short duration Internet connectivity [PAR] .info.au Subdomain for major Australian informational and service resources [PAR] .csiro.au Subdomain for CSIRO [PAR] .oz.au Subdomain for entities which are visible within the ACSnet domain [PAR] Each subdomain of .au has been delegated to a designated authority, who is responsible for the administration of the policies applicable for registration within that domain. The following notes list these domain administrators and the relevant policies of registration of a name within that domain. [PAR] .au [PAR] The delegated Internet namespace within the hierarchy of the assigned Internet country space of \".au\" is administered by auDA . The contact point is hostmaster@aunic.net . [PAR] The policy for delegation of subdomains of .au is to exercise due restraint in the number of second level domains, and to use a small set of sector and function-based descriptors. Applications for subdomains names directly within .au will, in general, be referred to the most appropriate existing delegated subdomain by the domain administrator. [PAR] .edu.au [PAR] .oz.au [PAR] The .oz.au subdomain has been delegated to Robert Elz ( kre@munnari.oz.au ). [PAR] The domain was Australia's first domain and originally devised to register names of those entities operating within the ACSnet network, and continues to be used to register those entities who are visible within the ACSnet network domain. Registration of a name within this domain is only undertaken once the name is visible on the ACSnet network. [PAR] This domain is gradually shrinking as less sites are connected to ACSnet. [PAR] .telememo.au [PAR] This domain was used to support a gateway between the public X.400 email service, provided by Telstra Enhanced Services, and the Internet mail domain. It was removed on 17th October 2008. [PAR] .csiro.au [PAR] The .csiro.au subdomain is managed by CSIRO IT Services and Operations. ( hostmaster@csiro.au ). [PAR] For technical issues relating to this domain, please contact Nick Hocking (Systems Programmer). [PAR] Administrative issues should be directed to Geoff Morrison (Assistant Manager, Operations). [PAR] The domain is used exclusively for registration of entities within the CSIRO organisation. [PAR] .conf.au [PAR] The .conf.au subdomain has been delegated to Robert Elz ( kre@munnari.oz.au ). [PAR] The domain is used to support conferences and exhibitions that require a named Internet presence. The domain is a short duration domain, delegated to a conference or exhibition for a strictly limited duration. [PAR] For registration in this domain, send e-mail to hostmaster@munnari.oz.au with the Subject: header of the mail containing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sarafina - Disney Wiki - Wikia Sarafina | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Sarafina is a minor character from The Lion King . She is the mother of Nala , and the maternal grandmother of Kion and Kiara . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Sarafina is a minor character in the film, making few appearances and having only one spoken line. [PAR] Little of her past is known, though she mated with an unnamed lion with whom she had a daughter named Nala. However, as Nala is stated to be betrothed to Simba as part of a long-standing tradition, she would have presumably agreed to the betrothal at some point. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] The Lion King [PAR] Sarafina is first seen sleeping with the other lionesses inside Pride Rock with Nala in her paws as Simba arrives to wake up Mufasa . [PAR] She is then seen later that day bathing Nala while visiting Sarabi. When Nala asks for permission to accompany Simba to the watering hole, she asks Sarabi for her opinion. When Sarabi gives her permission, Sarafina agrees and allows the two cubs to go. She later appears along with the rest of the pride as they mourn the deaths of Simba and Mufasa. [PAR] The Lion King: Six New Adventures [PAR] Sarafina makes an appearance in the book Nala's Dare, which is part of The Lion King: Six New Adventures series. In the book, she along with a young rogue lion named Ni, rescue Nala and her friends Kula and Chumvi from hyenas. She later introduces Ni, who had been driven from his pride to the rest of the Pride Land lions. [PAR] Simba's Big Secret [PAR] After Nala goes missing, a worried Sarafina asks Simba if he has seen her. Not wanting to give away Nala's secret, Simba replies that he hasn't seen her. [PAR] However, after some coaxing from Sarabi, Simba tells Sarafina that Nala went to a secret cave near the red cliffs. Sarafina, Simba, Sarabi and the rest of the pride goes to search for Nala and discover her trapped inside the cave. After being rescued, Nala goes to Sarafina and promises not to go anywhere without telling someone again. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] In the Broadway show in \" Chow Down \" Shenzi tells Banzai that Nala's mom (Sarafina) ate Banzai's dad. [PAR] In early drafts to The Lion King, Sarafina (besides having Nala) had a son named Mheetu. [PAR] Her name is not stated in the film, and is only known from being listed in the film credits. [PAR] She appears to resemble Nala as an adult, possessing the same eyes and a similarly colored body. [PAR] Gallery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Timeline: Queen Elizabeth II - buzz.bournemouth.ac.uk Timeline: Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Journalism & News from Bournemouth University [PAR] Timeline: the Queen [PAR] This year marks the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II . It has been 60 years since her accession to the throne, a remarkable achievement that so far has only been achieved by one other British Monarch, the Queens great-great-grandmother, Victoria. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II, aged 81 [PAR] Buzz looks at her life and accession , and how things could have been very different as initially Elizabeth had little chance of even succeeding to the throne. [PAR] 21st April 1926: Albert, the Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowles-Lyon welcomed the arrival of the first child, Elizabeth, who was born in London [PAR] December 1936: Elizabeth\u2019s uncle, Edward VIII , abdicates after falling in love with American divorcee Wallis Simpson. This leads to Elizabeth\u2019s father succeeding to the throne and, by a twist of fate, bringing Elizabeth closer in line to the throne [PAR] 1945: After the outbreak of World War II, Elizabeth joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service and trained alongside other British women to become an expert driver and mechanic [PAR] 20th November 1947: Was Elizabeth\u2019s wedding day . She married her distant cousin, Philip Mountbatten the son of Prince Andrew of Greece, in London\u2019s Westminster Abbey. The pair first met when Elizabeth was 13 years old [PAR] 14th November 1948: The Queen and Prince Philip\u2019s first child, Charles , is born at Buckingham Palace. Their second child, Anne , arrived little less than a year later on the 15th August 1949 [PAR] February 6th 1952: Elizabeth\u2019s father, King George VI dies and she becomes the ruling monarch. Elizabeth had been in Kenya with Prince Philip at the time of her fathers death [PAR] June 1953: The official coronation of Elizabeth II, this was also the first coronation to be broadcast live on television [PAR] 19th February 1960: The Queen and Prince Philip\u2019s third child, Andrew , is born. Another son, Edward, was born on the 10th March 1964 [PAR] 1965: The Queen makes a groundbreaking trip to Germany, she is the first British Monarch to tour there since the outbreak of World War One [PAR] June 1981: A man attempts an attack on the Queens life. She was riding in the Trooping the Colour, which was a special military parade to celebrate her official birthday, when a man in the crowd pointed a gun at her but luckily it was filled with blanks [PAR] 1997: After the death of Princess Diana, Prince Charles ex-wife, the Queen was sharply criticized for remaining silent for days after the fatal car accident [PAR] February 2002: The Queen\u2019s sister, Margaret, dies after suffering a stroke [PAR] March 2002: The Queen mothe r passes away at Royal Lodge, at the age of 101 [PAR] Now aged 85, The official celebrations for the Queen\u2019s Diamond Jubilee will take place, and its even possible that she may over take her great-great grandmothers 63 year reign. [PAR] The Queen has 4 children, 8 grandchildren and one great-grandchild . [PAR] She is known for being a lover of Corgis and a horse enthusiast. [PAR] Written by: Beth Price[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth Biography Queen Elizabeth Biography [PAR] Profession: Royal Family [PAR] Queen Elizabeth is the Queen of Britain and 13 of the 53 Commonwealth Nations. She is formally known as Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Elizabeth is also the Head of Commonwealth and The Supreme Governor of the Church of England. She succeeded her father on February 6, 1952 and has been the reigning monarch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Morse Code International Morse Code [PAR] International Morse Code [PAR] For learning Morse code it is recommended that you do not try to remember dots and dashes, but remember the Morse code sounds instead. [PAR] Letter [PAR] CL, Going off the air (\"clear\") [PAR] -.-..-.. [PAR] DO, Change to wabun code [PAR] -..--- [PAR] KN, Invite a specific station to transmit [PAR] -.--. [PAR] SK, End of transmission (also VA) [PAR] ...-.- [PAR] I am ready to copy [PAR] QRV? [PAR] Are you ready to copy? [PAR] QRL [PAR] The frequency is in use [PAR] QRL? [PAR] Is the frequency in use? [PAR] QTH [PAR] What is your location? [PAR] Notes [PAR] If the duration of a dot is taken to be one unit then that of a dash is three units. The space between the components of one character is one unit, between characters is three units and between words seven units. To indicate that a mistake has been made and for the receiver to delete the last word, send ........ (eight dots). [PAR] The prosigns are combinations of two letters sent together with no space in between. The other abbreviations and Q codes are sent with the normal spacing. [PAR] I am a father and foster carer [PAR] a principal research engineer at the IT Innovation Centre [PAR] a Woodcraft Folk district coordinator [PAR] a salsa teacher [PAR] and in my spare time I write and maintain this web site [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright Stephen C. Phillips, 2015"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is a lefty called a 'southpaw'? | For The Win Why is a lefty called a \u2018southpaw\u2019? | For The Win [PAR] By: Greg Presto and Monica Akhtar | July 24, 2015 8:41 am [PAR] In the new movie Southpaw, Jake Gyllenhaal plays a left-handed boxer named Billy Hope (well, he\u2019s supposed to be left-handed, but promo materials may show otherwise ). This got us wondering: Why are left-handed people called \u201csouthpaw,\u201d anyway? Check out the video above to see what we learned."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Halfpenny: The story of how a tiny, 'annoying' coin was ... Halfpenny: The story of how a tiny, 'annoying' coin was abolished - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Halfpenny: The story of how a tiny, 'annoying' coin was abolished [PAR] By Vanessa Barford BBC News Magazine [PAR] 21 May 2014 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image copyright Alamy [PAR] It's 30 years since the British decimal halfpenny was being phased out. Why did the UK hang on to a tiny coin for so long? [PAR] Before everyone gets misty-eyed about the bronze halfpenny, it's worth remembering how annoying Britain's least loved coin, notorious for getting lost in trousers and furniture upholstery, was. [PAR] People were commonly said not to bother to bend down in the street to pick it up if they dropped one. [PAR] \"In terms of the coins in your pocket, it's useless,\" the National Consumer Council told the Herald Tribune in 1983. News stand workers in the early 1980s couldn't even give the unloved halfpenny away, according to the paper. \"We've got a bagful in the till, and although customers give them to us in payments sometimes, we can't hand any out,\" vendor Danny Curbishley complained. [PAR] The coin's pifflingness - or necessity - was regular fodder for the Times' letter pages. \"Sir, I can scarcely believe that writers of letters bemoaning the demise of the halfpenny coin, because they would not be able to deal with some small-apertured possession without it, are being serious,\" wrote Pamela Johnson in February 1984. [PAR] Image copyright Thinkstock [PAR] \"Sir, Some may dispute the 'rounding-up' or down, of the halfpenny coin, but let not its existence be imperilled. It is indispensable for levelling off pendulum clocks,\" countered Priscilla Glover in December. [PAR] The then Chancellor Nigel Lawson announced the coin's demise in a written Commons answer in 1984, saying \"most people would be glad to get rid of them\". The Royal Mint stopped making them at the end of February, and it ceased to be legal tender in December. [PAR] But the curious thing about the coin is not that it was abolished, rather that it lasted a full 13 years after its introduction with decimalisation in 1971. [PAR] The Treasury's delay in ending the halfpenny arose from fears that if the coin was abolished, retailers would raise prices to the nearest penny, which would in turn contribute to inflation. By 1984, the government had got to a point where it believed so few transactions would be affected, there would be no measurable impact. [PAR] When it came down to it, Bank of England figures show inflation rose by 0.5% in January 1985. But accounts at the Bank in the subsequent months did not make mention of the removal of the halfpenny as a reason. A spokesman today says inflation was more likely to be down to a decline in exchange rates or a rise in commodity prices. [PAR] Dr Kevin Clancy, director of the Royal Mint Museum, agrees that it is \"profoundly unlikely\" that the coin's withdrawal had any impact on inflation. \"If you think of how many transactions occurred in 1984, the idea that the lowest denomination in British currency had an impact is extremely unlikely. There were far many bigger economic influences at play. The same questions were raised with decimalisation, and that was a whole system, not one coin. The conclusion was even if retailers did adjust their prices by rounding up, the impact would be negligible in the economy of the nation.\" [PAR] A study - albeit rather unscientific - of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Enid Blyton - The Famous Five Enid Blyton - The Famous Five [PAR] The Famous Five [PAR] Buy all the Famous Five books with free worldwide shipping [PAR] The Famous Five are a group of children who have the sort of adventures most kids dream about, in a world where ginger beer flows and ham rolls are a staple diet. Julian, Dick and Anne get together with their cousin George in the first adventure, Five On A Treasure Island. [PAR] George is actually a girl who wants so desperately to be a boy she crops her hair and struts about doing boy things. She hates it when people call her by her correct name, Georgina. She has a dog called Timmy\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdoh yes, and an island. Most kids just have a dog, but George's parents own Kirrin Island and let her run around on it as if it were her play-thing. Her parents are known to Julian, Dick and Anne as Uncle Quentin and Aunt Fanny. [PAR] 1. Five On a Treasure Island (1942) [PAR] The very first Famous Five adventure featuring Julian, Dick, Anne, and tomboy George along with her beloved dog, Timmy. There's a shipwreck off Kirrin Island, but where's the treasure? The Five are on the trail, looking for clues... but they're not alone and time is running out. [PAR] 2. Five Go Adventuring Again (1943) [PAR] There's a thief at Kirrin Cottage! The Famous Five think they know who it is, but they need to prove it! Where can they find evidence? The discovery of an old map and very unusual hiding place is all they need to get to the bottom of this mystery and uncover the true culprit! [PAR] 4. Five Go To Smuggler's Top (1945) [PAR] Can there still be smugglers at Smuggler's Top? The Famous Five go to stay at the large old house, and discover lots of brilliant hiding places, even underground tunnels! Then they catch people signalling out to sea\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwho are they? [PAR] 6. Five On Kirrin Island Again (1947) [PAR] What is Uncle Quentin up to, all alone on Kirrin Island? He won't let anyone visit, not even George and the rest of the famous Five. But Uncle Quentin isn't really alone on the island\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsomeone is watching his every move. [PAR] 7. Five Go Off to Camp (1948) [PAR] Spook trains in the middle of the night! And they seem to vanish into thin air\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbut where do they go? The Famous Five are on to it. But the discovery of an unusual underground tunnel system, and a train-service, has them puzzled. If they follow the tracks, will they solve the mystery? [PAR] 8. Five Get Into Trouble (1949) [PAR] The Famous Five are distraught! Dick has been kidnapped\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdmistaken for somebody else! The gang finally track him down\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdto a lonely, abandoned house\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbut then they too are seized and held captive. How will the intrepid Five get themselves out of this mess? [PAR] 9. Five Fall Into Adventure (1950) [PAR] Julian, Dick and Anne are really worried\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdGeorge and her devoted Timmy have just disappeared! Not only that, somebody has broken in to Kirrin Cottage. Could there be a connection? The Famous Five think so, but it's going to be tough getting to the bottom of this mystery. [PAR] 10. Five On a Hike Together (1951) [PAR] Dick is puzzled when he's woken by a light flashing through his window. Is someone trying to send him a coded message? And when the Famous Five hear of an escaped convict in the area, they are on red alert. The police won't help,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frankie Valli - Singer - Biography.com Frankie Valli - Singer - Biography.com [PAR] Frankie Valli [PAR] Cite This Page [PAR] Frankie Valli is a U.S. vocalist known for his distinctive falsetto as lead singer of The Four Seasons, who had major hits like \u201cSherry,\u201d \u201cWorking My Back to You\u201d and \u201cWho Loves You.\u201d Valli is a successful solo artist as well with singles like \u201cCan\u2019t Take My Eyes Off of You\u201d and \u201cGrease.\u201d [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cI've been up and down many times and worked my way through everything. If it all went away tomorrow, I can go live a normal life.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI always believed a singer should be able to sing any kind of song. If I wanted to sing a Cole Porter song, I should be able to do that. Or 'Sherry,' I should be able to do that. Or a Dylan song. I didn't go to any professional school to learn how to sing. I bought people's records, listened to them, tried to do what the singer did by imitating them, as close as I could possibly get.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI grew up in the projects, and we didn't know about giving lawyers contracts. You gave your word to somebody, and that was good enough. I still feel very strongly that way, although it's a very, very difficult thing to do nowadays.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI don't play golf or tennis, I don't ski, I don't snowboard. If you love what you do, you never get enough of it.\u201d [PAR] \u201cFalsetto was nothing new; rhythm and blues music was doing it for years. I just developed my falsetto to make it fuller than anyone else\u2019s, and doing it on top, making it the lead, was what was different.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWith 'Sherry,' we were looking for a sound. We wanted to make the kind of mark that, if the radio was playing one of our songs, you knew who it was immediately. But I didn\u2019t want to sing like that my whole life.\u201d [PAR] \u201cMy dad didn\u2019t like me being in this business. Very early on, I was working in clubs and coming home at 3 and 4 in the morning, and he\u2019d say, 'What kind of work is this?' But he supported me secretly. He would buy his own ticket to our performances, and people would tell me they had seen him there. And he would always buy our records, even though I gave them to him.\u201d [PAR] \u201cBecoming successful is a relentless pursuit. It's good that it's that way: When it does come, you learn to know how to appreciate it, and know how lucky you are to be doing something that you love so much.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Frankie Valli [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Frankie Valli, born on May 3, 1934, eventually became renowned for his distinctive falsetto as the lead vocalist of The Four Seasons. The group had a wave of major hits during the 1960s, including \u201cSherry,\u201d \u201cWalk Like a Man\u201d and \u201cWorking My Way Back to You,\u201d while also staging a comeback during the following decade. Valli forged a successful solo career as well with singles like \u201cCan\u2019t Take My Eyes Off of You,\u201d \u201cMy Eyes Adored You\u201d and the title song to the movie-musical Grease. The Tony Award-winning Broadway musical Jersey Boys launched in 2005, telling the story of Valli and The Four Seasons, followed almost a decade later with a movie adaptation directed by Clint Eastwood. [PAR] Background and Early Career [PAR] Francesco Stephen Castelluccio was born on May 3, 1934 in Newark, New Jersey to a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star fruit (carambola) nutrition facts and health benefits Star fruit (carambola) nutrition facts and health benefits [PAR] Custom Search [PAR] Star fruit (carambola) nutrition facts [PAR] Star fruit, also known as carambola, is a star shaped tropical fruit with sweet and sour flavor. Carambola is native to Malayan peninsula and cultivated in many parts of Southeast Asia, Pacific islands and China for its fruits. Although abundant and plentiful, carambola is yet to gain popularity, especially in the western world. [PAR] Scientific name: Averrhoa carambola. The genus averrhoa includes two well-known sorrel (Oxalidaceae) families of fruiting trees, carambola and bilimbi (tree cucumber). [PAR] The fruit is recognized as belimbing manis in many South East Asian regions and kamrakh in India. [PAR] Averrohoa carambola tree with fruits. [PAR] Photo courtesy: konaboys. [PAR] Star fruit. Photo courtesy: scottzona. [PAR] Star fruit is a small, bushy evergreen tree that grows very well under hot, humid, tropical conditions. The plant bears small lilac colored, bell-shaped flowers in clusters which subsequently develop into oblong shaped fruits with characteristic five angled edges (sides or ribs) that appear like a starfish in cross sections. Both sweet and sour varieties begin to yield under cultivable orchards, and ready for harvesting when the plants reach about 3-4 years old. [PAR] Carambola fruit features light-green to yellow with attractive smooth waxy surface and weighs about 70-130g. Inside, its crispy, juicy pulp can either be mildly sweet or extremely sour depending upon the cultivar type and amount of oxalic acid concentration. In some seed types, 2-5 tiny edible seeds found at the center of each angled cavitiy. [PAR] Health benefits of star fruit [PAR] Star fruit is one of very low calorie exotic fruits. 100 g fruit just provides 31 calories, which is much lower than for any other popular tropical fruits. Nonetheless, it has an impressive list of essential nutrients, antioxidants, and vitamins required for well-being. [PAR] The fruit along with its waxy peel provides a good amount of dietary fiber. Fiber helps prevent absorption of dietary LDL cholesterol in the gut. The dietary fibers also help protect the mucous membrane of the colon from exposure to toxic substances by binding to cancer-causing chemicals in the colon. [PAR] Star fruit contains good quantities of vitamin-C. Vitamin C is a powerful natural antioxidant. 100 g of fresh fruit provides 34.7 mg or 57% of daily-required levels of vitamin C. In general, consumption of fruits rich in vitamin C helps the human body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals from the body. [PAR] Star fruit is rich in antioxidant phyto-nutrient polyphenolic flavonoids. Some of the important flavonoids present are quercetin, epicatechin, and gallic acid. Total polyphenol contents (Folin assay) in this fruit is 143 mg/100 g. Altogether, these compounds help protect from deleterious effects of oxygen derived free radicals by warding them off the body. [PAR] In addition, it is a good source of B-complex vitamins such as folates, riboflavin, and pyridoxine (vitamin B-6). Together, these vitamins help as co-factors for enzymes in metabolism as well as in various synthetic functions inside the body. [PAR] It also carry small amount of minerals and electrolytes like potassium, phosphorus, and zinc and iron. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure; thus, it counters bad influences of sodium. [PAR] Medicinal uses [PAR] Star fruit and its juice is often recommended in many folk medicine in Brazil as a diuretic (to increase urine output), expectorant, and to suppress cough. ( Medical disclaimer ). [PAR] Selection and Storage [PAR] Photo courtesy:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lady Vanishes (1938) - IMDb The Lady Vanishes (1938) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] While traveling in continental Europe, a rich young playgirl realizes that an elderly lady seems to have disappeared from the train. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Writers: [PAR] Ethel Lina White (based upon the story: \"The Wheel Spins\" by), Sidney Gilliat (screen play) (as Sidney Gilliatt) | 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 16 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 03 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: The Lady Vanishes (1938) [PAR] 7.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.8/10 X [PAR] A man in London tries to help a counterespionage agent. But when the agent is killed and the man stands accused, he must go on the run to both save himself and also stop a spy ring which is trying to steal top secret information. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A young woman discovers her visiting uncle may not be the man he seems to be. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A shy young heiress marries a charming gentleman, and soon begins to suspect he is planning to murder her. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A Scotland Yard undercover detective is on the trail of a saboteur who is part of a plot to set off a bomb in London. But when the detective's cover is blown, the plot begins to unravel. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A psychiatrist protects the identity of an amnesia patient accused of murder while attempting to recover his memory. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A man and his wife receive a clue to an imminent assassination attempt, only to learn that their daughter has been kidnapped to keep them quiet. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A family vacationing in Morocco accidentally stumble on to an assassination plot and the conspirators are determined to prevent them from interfering. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] On the eve of World War II, a young American reporter tries to expose enemy agents in London. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A woman is asked to spy on a group of Nazi friends in South America. How far will she have to go to ingratiate herself with them? [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Several survivors of a torpedoed ship find themselves in the same boat with one of the men who sunk it. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Man on the run from a murder charge enlists a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ireland not the Hibernia of the Ancients - Electric Scotland Ireland not the Hibernia of the Ancients [PAR] Notes on the Early History of Scotland [PAR] Ireland not the Hibernia of the Ancients [PAR] It is a well-known fact that most of the writers who have dealt with the early history of Scotland state that Scotia, [PAR] the ancient name of this country, was a name applied to Ireland only till the eleventh century. A few writers have maintained that Scotland was the only Scotia; but the opinion seems to be gradually gaining ground, and is now almost universally adopted, that when Scotia is mentioned in the works of writers who lived before the eleventh century, the country they refer to is Ireland. [PAR] Incredible as it may seem to some persons, the foundation for this belief is very unsatisfactory. It almost entirely rests upon the assumption that Ireland was always called Hibernia; but this is not the case. It is doubtless asserted to have been always so called in a few works of questionable authenticity; but there is, fortunately, plenty of trustworthy testimony to establish the fact that before the eleventh century the island now known with the name of Ireland, and Hibernia were different countries. In addition to this we have the distinct statement of the only early English annalist whose work has apparently escaped the ravages of manipulatinq monks, Ethelwerd, that Ireland was first so called at the beginning of the tenth centnry, and that since the time of Julius Caesar till then it was known by the name of Bretannis. [PAR] It might be granted that Hibernia and Scotia were names ajplied to one country before the eleventh century without believing that Ireland was ever called Scotia, but there is no trustworthy evidence to show that even this was the case. The writings in which they are made to appear as synonymous names for Ireland, such as Adamnan\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds \"Life of St. Columba,\" and Bede\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds \"Ecclesiastical History,\" can be shown to have been manipulated for this purpose. [PAR] When Ireland first became known by the name of Hibernia it may now be impossible to ascertain but there are good reasons for believing that [PAR] it was not so called till the twelfth century, when the Roman Church first obtained supremacy there. [PAR] In the work ascribed to Richard of Cirencester entitled \"De Situ Britaunhe,\" it is certainly distinctly stated that Hibernia was an ancient nanic of Ireland, thus [PAR] :\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\" Having now finished our survey of Albion, we shall describe the neighbouring country, Hibernia or Ireland, with the same brevity. Hibernia is situated more westerly than any other country except England,\" &c. It was at first believed, on the authority of the compiler, that this was the work of a monk of the fourteenth century, compiled from materials left by a Roman general but it was not published till the year 1757, and it seems never to have been heard of during the 400 years since it was said to have been written. On account of the late date at which it was made known, Pinkerton in his \" Enquiry\" received it with distrust, but he sometimes quoted it as an authority. Many other writers accepted its information without the shadow of a doubt as to its authenticity. Burton, the author of the \"History of Scotland,\" seems to have been among the first to expose its real character; and it is now generally believed to be a fabrication of the eighteenth century. Dr. Skene considers it an impudent forgery; and he adds, that Horsley\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Britannia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Wine - Devils Lair | First Choice Liquor Red Wine - Devils Lair | First Choice Liquor [PAR] Red Wine [PAR] Items in your cart qualify you to receive free products. [PAR] Select your free products below: [PAR] You must select all your free products [PAR] Select Later [PAR] results per page [PAR] Showing 1 - 2 of 2 products [PAR] NEW Flexible Delivery Options View our fixed rate delivery options now Store Finder View store details & holiday trading hours [PAR] About First Choice Liquor [PAR] First Choice Liquor has a huge range of liquor at some of the cheapest prices! With over 75 stores Australia wide, stocking thousands of different wines, Champagne, beers, ciders, premixed drinks and spirits, you'll be spoilt for choice. Order today 1300 308 833. [PAR] View our mobile site [PAR] Buy liquor on the go [PAR] Stay up to date [PAR] Terms & Conditions [PAR] VIC : WARNING : Under the Liquor Control Reform Act 1998 it is an offence to supply alcohol to a person under the age of 18 years [Penalty exceeds $18,000], for a person under the age of 18 years to purchase or receive liquor [Penalty exceeds $700] NSW : It is against the law to sell or supply alcohol to, or to obtain alcohol on behalf of, a person under the age of 18 years ACT : WARNING : Liquor ACT 2010: It is an offence to supply alcohol to a person under the age of 18 years. Penalties apply. WA : WARNING : Under the Liquor Control Act 1988 it is an offence to sell or supply liquor to a person under the age of 18 years on licensed or regulated premises; or for a person under the age of 18 years to purchase, or attempt to purchase, liquor on licensed or regulated premises. WA Licence No. 6020029967. Type of licence - Tavern licence. Name of licensee - Liquorland (Qld) Pty Ltd. Address - 1120-1124 Albany Highway, Bentley WA 6102. Telephone number - (08) 6254 6200. SA : WARNING : Liquor Licensing ACT 1997: Liquor must not be sold or supplied to persons under 18. Penalties Apply QLD : WARNING : Under the Liquor Act 1992, it is an offence to supply liquor to a person under the age of 18 years. Use of this website signifies your agreement with our Terms and Conditions and Privacy and Security Policy. Delivery and Handling charges apply to all products sold unless otherwise specified.[DOC] [TLE] Devil's Lair The Hidden Cave Cabernet Shiraz - YOURWINES ... Devil's Lair The Hidden Cave Cabernet Shiraz - YOURWINES.com.au [PAR] Devil's Lair The Hidden Cave Cabernet Shiraz [PAR] $20.99a bottle [PAR] Devil's Lair The Hidden Cave Cabernet Shiraz [PAR] Forty years ago archaeologists stumbled upon a hidden cave in Margaret River, Western Australia. They came across signs of early human occupation and the remains of a Tasmanian Devil, thus giving the Devil\u2019s Lair cave its famous name. [PAR] The winemakers at Devil\u2019s Lair have sought out some of the finest vineyards hidden within Margaret River to create this exemplary range of wines. [PAR] The philosophy behind The Hidden Cave Margaret River collection encourages devilish thinking to create wines with a twist. The focus is to craft wines that showcase Margaret River and to draw on the winemaker\u2019s \u2018inner devil\u2019. [PAR] Introducing The Hidden Cave Margaret River Cabernet Shiraz 2013. [PAR] Vintage Conditions [PAR] It was an early start to the vintage. Winter rains were about average. An unusually dry hot December and January followed; with only a few intermittent showers in late January."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] President Reagan shot - Mar 30, 1981 - HISTORY.com President Reagan shot - Mar 30, 1981 - HISTORY.com [PAR] President Reagan shot [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by a deranged drifter named John Hinckley Jr. [PAR] The president had just finished addressing a labor meeting at the Washington Hilton Hotel and was walking with his entourage to his limousine when Hinckley, standing among a group of reporters, fired six shots at the president, hitting Reagan and three of his attendants. White House Press Secretary James Brady was shot in the head and critically wounded, Secret Service agent Timothy McCarthy was shot in the side, and District of Columbia policeman Thomas Delahaney was shot in the neck. After firing the shots, Hinckley was overpowered and pinned against a wall, and President Reagan, apparently unaware that he\u2019d been shot, was shoved into his limousine by a Secret Service agent and rushed to the hospital. [PAR] The president was shot in the left lung, and the .22 caliber bullet just missed his heart. In an impressive feat for a 70-year-old man with a collapsed lung, he walked into George Washington University Hospital under his own power. As he was treated and prepared for surgery, he was in good spirits and quipped to his wife, Nancy, \u201dHoney, I forgot to duck,\u201d and to his surgeons, \u201cPlease tell me you\u2019re Republicans.\u201d Reagan\u2019s surgery lasted two hours, and he was listed in stable and good condition afterward. [PAR] The next day, the president resumed some of his executive duties and signed a piece of legislation from his hospital bed. On April 11, he returned to the White House. Reagan\u2019s popularity soared after the assassination attempt, and at the end of April he was given a hero\u2019s welcome by Congress. In August, this same Congress passed his controversial economic program, with several Democrats breaking ranks to back Reagan\u2019s plan. By this time, Reagan claimed to be fully recovered from the assassination attempt. In private, however, he would continue to feel the effects of the nearly fatal gunshot wound for years. [PAR] Of the victims of the assassination attempt, Secret Service agent Timothy McCarthy and D.C. policeman Thomas Delahaney eventually recovered. James Brady, who nearly died after being shot in the eye, suffered permanent brain damage. He later became an advocate of gun control, and in 1993 Congress passed the \u201cBrady Bill,\u201d which established a five-day waiting period and background checks for prospective gun buyers. President Bill Clinton signed the bill into law. [PAR] After being arrested on March 30, 1981, 25-year-old John Hinckley was booked on federal charges of attempting to assassinate the president. He had previously been arrested in Tennessee on weapons charges. In June 1982, he was found not guilty by reason of insanity. In the trial, Hinckley\u2019s defense attorneys argued that their client was ill with narcissistic personality disorder, citing medical evidence, and had a pathological obsession with the 1976 film Taxi Driver, in which the main character attempts to assassinate a fictional senator. His lawyers claimed that Hinckley saw the movie more than a dozen times, was obsessed with the lead actress, Jodie Foster, and had attempted to reenact the events of the film in his own life. Thus the movie, not Hinckley, they argued, was the actual planning force behind the events that occurred on March 30, 1981. [PAR] The verdict of \u201cnot guilty by reason of insanity\u201d aroused widespread public criticism, and many were shocked that a would-be presidential assassin could"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Europa, the Phoenician Princess Europa, the Phoenician Princess [PAR] en.wikipedia is is a non-peer-reviewed website with agenda and is anti-Lebanese & anti-Semitic [PAR] [PAR] Enable Flash to translate this page [PAR] Europa, the Phoenician Princess [PAR] Overwhelmed Zeus with Love [PAR] Europa was the beautiful daughter of the Phoenician king of Tyre, Agenor. Zeus, the King of the gods according to Greek mythology, saw Europa as she was gathering flowers by the sea and immediately fell in love with her. [PAR] Overwhelmed by love for Europa, Zeus transformed himself into the form of a magnificent white bull and appeared in the sea shore where Europa was playing with her maidens. The great bull walked gently over to where Europa stood and knelt at her feet. The appearance and movements of the bull were so gentle that Europa spread flowers about his neck and dared to climb upon his back overcoming her natural fear of the great animal. [PAR] But suddenly, the bull rushed over the sea abducting Europa. Only then the bull revealed its true identity and took Europa to the Mediterranean island of Crete. There, Zeus cast off the shape of the white bull, and back into his human form, made Europa his lover beneath a simple cypress tree. Europa became the first queen of Crete and had by Zeus three sons: King Minos of Crete, King Rhadamanthus of the Cyclades Islands, and, according to some legends, Prince Sarpedon of Lycia. She later married the king of Crete, who adopted her sons, and she was worshiped under the name of Hellotis in Crete, where the festival Hellotia was held in her honour. At last, Zeus reproduced the shape of the white bull, used by Zeus to seduce Europa, in the stars. Even today we can recognize its shape in the constellation Taurus. [PAR] The name Europa was given to one of Jupiter's 16 original moons. Europa is special, because it is one of the few moons in our solar system that may have liquid water. [PAR] Who was Europa? [PAR] Some say that the father of this Phoenician princess was Agenor, but others say that it was Phoenix, who some claim was her brother. Her mother is unknown. [PAR] Agenor was by birth an Egyptian, but he departed to Phoenicia and reigned there. According to some Agenor is the son of Poseidon & Libya, but others say that his parents were Belus & Anchinoe. King Belus of Egypt was son of Poseidon & Libya, and was also the father of Aegyptus and Danaus. His mother Libya was, in turn, daughter of Epaphus & Memphis, and King Epaphus of Egypt, from whom sprang the Libyans and the Ethiopians, was the founder of the city of Memphis in Egypt and the son of Zeus & Io, the girl who was once turned into a cow, but who is one of the Three Main Ancestors. If Phoenix would be considered to be the father of Europa, everything would amount to the same, because Phoenix, after whom Phoenicia is called, is said to be the son either of Agenor or of Belus, and we would, also in this way, arrive to Io. Nothing is known about Europa's presumptive mothers. [PAR] How Was She Abducted? [PAR] When Zeus turned himself into a Bull, mounted Europa on his back he conveyed her through the sea from Phoenicia to Crete. However, some say that the Bull who carried Europa was the same Cretan Bull that Heracles enjoined in one of his labours, which in turn could be the same Bull, that was sent by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Twilight - Stephenie Meyer Twilight - Stephenie Meyer [PAR] Stephenie Meyer [PAR] The Twilight Series, Book 1 | Release Date: October 5, 2005 | Buy the Book | Buy the Movie [PAR] Isabella Swan\u2019s move to Forks, a small, perpetually rainy town in Washington, could have been the most boring move she ever made. But once she meets the mysterious and alluring Edward Cullen, Isabella\u2019s life takes a thrilling and terrifying turn. Up until now, Edward has managed to keep his vampire identity a secret in the small community he lives in, but now nobody is safe, especially Isabella, the person Edward holds most dear. The lovers find themselves balanced precariously on the point of a knife-between desire and danger. Deeply romantic and extraordinarily suspenseful, Twilight captures the struggle between defying our instincts and satisfying our desires. This is a love story with bite.[DOC] [TLE] Bio - Stephenie Meyer Bio - Stephenie Meyer [PAR] Stephenie Meyer [PAR] Bio [PAR] Bio [PAR] Best known for her Twilight series , Stephenie Meyer\u2019s four-book collection has sold over 100 million copies globally in over 50 countries, with translations in 37 different languages. Meyer was the highest-selling author of 2008 and 2009 in the United States, having sold over 29 million books in 2008, and 26.5 million books in 2009. In 2008, Meyer also released The Host , which debuted at #1 on The New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller lists. Additionally, USA Today declared Meyer \u201cAuthor of the Year,\u201d citing that she had done something that no one else had in the 15 years of the USA Today bestselling book list\u2013 she swept the top four slots in 2008. Meyer also accomplished this feat in 2009, when The Twilight Saga once again dominated the top of the bestseller list. All together, her books have spent over 303 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List. [PAR] Stephenie Meyer graduated from Brigham Young University with a degree in English Literature. She lives in Arizona with her husband and sons."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] German for Beginners: Calendar, Days, Dates - Lesson 12 Learn About Months, Dates, Seasons, and Days in German [PAR] By Hyde Flippo [PAR] Updated August 01, 2016. [PAR] After studying this lesson, you'll be able to: (1) say the days and months in German, (2) express calendar dates, (3) talk about the seasons and (4) talk about dates and deadlines (Termine) in German. [PAR] Luckily, because they are based on Latin, the English and German words for the months are almost identical. The days in many cases are also similar because of a common Germanic heritage. Most of the days bear the names of Teutonic gods in both languages. For example, the Germanic god of war and thunder, Thor, lends his name to both English Thursday and German Donnerstag (thunder = Donner). [PAR] The German Days of the Week (Tage der Woche) [PAR] Let's start with the days of the week (Tage der Woche). Most of the days in German end in the word (der) Tag, just as the English days end in \"day.\" The German week (and calendar) starts with Monday (Montag) rather than Sunday. Each day is shown with its common two-letter abbreviation. [PAR] Tage der Woche [PAR] \"sun day\" [PAR] [PAR] The seven days of the week are masculine (der) since they usually end in -tag (der Tag). The two exceptions, Mittwoch and Sonnabend, are also masculine. Note that there are two words for Saturday. Samstag is used in most of Germany, in Austria, and in German Switzerland. Sonnabend (\"Sunday eve\") is used in eastern Germany and roughly north of the city of M\u00fcnster in northern Germany. So, in Hamburg, Rostock, Leipzig or Berlin, it's Sonnabend; in Cologne, Frankfurt, Munich or Vienna \"Saturday\" is Samstag. Both words for \"Saturday\" are understood all over the German-speaking world, but you should try to use the one most common in the region you're in. Note the two-letter abbreviation for each of the days (Mo, Di, Mi, etc.). These are used on calendars, schedules and German/Swiss watches that indicate the day and date. [PAR] Using Prepositional Phrases With Days of the Week [PAR] To say \"on Monday\" or \"on Friday\" you use the prepositional phrase am Montag or am Freitag. (The word am is actually a contraction of an and dem, the dative form of der. More about that below.) Here are some commonly used phrases for the days of the week: [PAR] Day Phrases [PAR] der [PAR] EXAMPLES: am Dienstag (on Tuesday, dative), jeden Tag (every day, accusative) [PAR] NOTE: The masculine (der) and neuter (das) make the same changes (look the same) in the dative case. Adjectives or numbers used in the dative will have an -en ending: am sechsten April. [PAR] Now we want to apply the information in the chart above. When we use the prepositions an (on) and in (in) with days, months or dates, they take the dative case. Days and months are masculine, so we end up with a combination of an or in plus dem, which equals am or im. To say \"in May\" or \"in November\" you use the prepositional phrase im Mai or im November. However, some date expressions that do not use prepositions (jeden Dienstag, letzten Mittwoch) are in the accusative case. [PAR] The Months (Die Monate) [PAR] The months are all masculine gender (der). There are two words used for July. Juli (YOO-LEE) is the standard form, but German-speakers often say Julei (YOO-LYE) to avoid confusion with Juni- in much the same way that zwo is used for zwei. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Four Seasons (Die vier"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Olympic Committee (IOC) The Organisation [PAR] The organisation [PAR] The Organisation [PAR] IOC [PAR] When he announced in Paris, on a winter's evening in 1892, the forthcoming re-establishment of the Olympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin was applauded, but nobody at the time imagined the scale of the project entailed by reviving the ancient Olympic Games, appointing a committee in charge of organising them and creating an international movement. The IOC was created on 23 June 1894; the 1st Olympic Games of the modern era opened in Athens on 6 April 1896; and the Olympic Movement has not stopped growing ever since. The Olympic Movement encompasses organisations, athletes and other persons who agree to be guided by the principles of the Olympic Charter. Its composition and general organisation are governed by Chapter 1 of the Charter. The Movement comprises three main constituents: [PAR] The IOC: the supreme authority of the Movement; [PAR] The International Federations (IFs): these are international non-governmental organisations administering one or several sports at world [PAR] level and encompassing organisations administering such sports at national level ( More information about IFs ). [PAR] The National Olympic Committees: their mission is to develop, promote and protect the Olympic Movement in their respective countries. The NOCs are the only organisations that can select and designate the city which may apply to organise Olympic Games in their respective countries. In addition, they alone can send athletes to the Games. ( More information about NOCs ) [PAR] The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practised without discrimination of any kind, in a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play. [PAR] The Olympic Movement is defined also by the numerous activities in which it engages, such as: [PAR] Promoting sport and competitions through the intermediary of national and international sports institutions worldwide. [PAR] Cooperation with public and private organisations to place sport at the service of mankind. [PAR] Assistance to develop \"Sport for All\". [PAR] Advancement of women in sport at all levels and in all structures, with a view to achieving equality between men and women.Help in the development of sport for all. [PAR] Opposition to all forms of commercial exploitation of sport and athletes. [PAR] The fight against doping. [PAR] Promoting sports ethics and fair play. [PAR] Raising awareness of environmental problems. [PAR] Financial and educational support for developing countries through the IOC institution Olympic Solidarity. [PAR] The Olympic Charter [PAR] The Olympic Charter is the codification of the Fundamental Principles, Rules and Bye-laws adopted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It governs the organisation and running of the Olympic Movement and sets the conditions for the celebration of the Olympic Games. [PAR] Full text of the Olympic Charter [PAR] \"Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles.\" [PAR] Olympic Charter, Fundamental principles, paragraph 2 [PAR] The members are volunteers who represent the IOC and Olympic Movement in their country (they are not delegates of their country within the IOC). [PAR] New members are elected by the IOC Session. Each candidature file is analysed by the IOC Nominations Commission , then forwarded to the Executive Board . The latter submits its proposals to the Session, which elects new members by secret ballot. [PAR] Since 12 December 1999, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Most Influential Media Moguls in History - Business Pundit 10 Most Influential Media Moguls in History [PAR] 10 Most Influential Media Moguls in History [PAR] Posted on July 20, 2011 [PAR] Stumble58 [PAR] Since the dawn of mass media, newspapers, radio and television have all been used to inform and educate the public. They have also been used to whip mobs into a frenzy, control the world of politics and consolidate their owners\u2019 power. These media moguls all straddled the line between entertainment and politics, preaching to the public and wielding an immense influence over lawmakers and politicians. [PAR] 10. Silvio Berlusconi [PAR] Silvio Berlusconi has cut out the middle-man between politics and the media by serving as Prime Minister of Italy while holding the majority of shares in Italy\u2019s largest free-to-air private TV company \u2014 as well as owning the country\u2019s largest publisher, largest advertising company and one of its most successful soccer teams, AC Milan. And he\u2019s kept things in the family \u2013 his wife and brother each part own a nationwide daily newspaper. Often accused of using his media powers to deflect criticism, Berlusconi still manages to be mired in controversy and allegations of improper conduct \u2013 he has faced numerous accusations of corruption and bribery as well as a series of sexual scandals, culminating in claims that he paid a 17-year-old for sex. [PAR] 9. Ted Turner [PAR] As founder of CNN, Ted Turner established the world\u2019s first 24-hour cable news channel, which made history by covering the Challenger shuttle disaster and the Gulf War. He sourced programming for his cable super-station WTCG by developing a successful wrestling league (WCW), establishing the Goodwill Games and buying sport-teams such as the Atlanta Braves outright. He was once the largest private landowner in the US and has become well-known as a philanthropist, donating $1 billion to support UN causes and taking vocal stands on issues such as climate change, war and off-shore drilling. Meanwhile, as part of a long-running grudge with Rupert Murdoch he has repeatedly invited the News Corp tycoon to fistfights. To cap it all off, he created Captain Planet. [PAR] 8. William Randolph Hearst [PAR] William Randolph Hearst\u2019s empire began with his father\u2019s paper, The San Francisco Examiner and stretched to include 30 newspapers at its peak; after expanding to magazines he created the largest magazine and newspaper business in the entire world. He dabbled in politics and was twice elected as a US Congressman, but his real influence was through his media empire. Indeed, the circulation war between Hearst and Pulitzer was instrumental in pushing the United States into the Spanish-American war on the back of sensational coverage of revolution in Cuba. The inventor of \u201cyellow journalism\u201d also inspired Citizen Kane, one of the most acclaimed films ever made. [PAR] 7. Lord Beaverbrook [PAR] While serving as the UK\u2019s Minister of Information during the First World War, Max Aitken added to his chain of newspapers by gaining control of the Daily Express. After the war he made the Express the largest selling paper in the world, developing a feared reputation as a man who could make or break any career. During the Second World War he served as a Minister and was a close friend and confidante of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. [PAR] 6. Joseph Pulitzer [PAR] In the late 1870s Joseph Pulitzer bought the St Louis Post and the St Louis Dispatch merging them to form the St Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. In the 1880s he expanded his holdings to include the New York World. He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phonetic Letters in the NATO Alphabet - About.com Education Phonetic Letters in the NATO Alphabet [PAR] By Richard Nordquist [PAR] Updated February 28, 2016. [PAR] Men's lives, even the fate of a battle, may depend on a signaler's message, on a signaler's pronunciation of a single word, even of a single letter. [PAR] (Edward Fraser and John Gibbons, Soldier and Sailor Words and Phrases, 1925) [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet is a spelling alphabet --a standard set of 26 words for letter names--used by airline pilots, police, the military, and other officials when communicating over radio or telephone. The purpose of the phonetic alphabet is to ensure that letters are clearly understood even when speech is distorted. [PAR] More formally known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet (also called the ICAO phonetic or spelling alphabet), the NATO phonetic alphabet was developed in the 1950s as part of the International Code of Signals (INTERCO), which originally included visual and sound signals. [PAR] Here are the phonetic letters in the NATO alphabet: [PAR] Alfa (or Alpha) [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] As an example, an air traffic controller using the NATO Phonetic Alphabet would say \"Kilo Lima Mike\" to represent the letters KLM. [PAR] \"The phonetic alphabet has been around for a long time, but has not always been the same,\" says Thomas J. Cutler. In the U.S., the International Code of Signals was adopted in 1897 and updated in 1927, but it wasn't until 1938 that all the letters in the alphabet were assigned a word. [PAR] Back in the days of World War II, the phonetic alphabet began with the letters \"Able, Baker, Charlie,\" K was \"King,\" and S was \"Sugar.\" After the war, when the NATO alliance was formed, the phonetic alphabet was changed to make it easier for the people who speak the different languages found in the alliance. That version has remained the same, and today the phonetic alphabet begins with \"Alfa, Bravo, Charlie,\" K is now \"Kilo,\" and S is \"Sierra.\" [PAR] (The Bluejackets' Manual. Naval Institute Press, 2002) [PAR] Today the NATO Phonetic Alphabet is widely used throughout North America and Europe. [PAR] Note that the NATO phonetic alphabet is not phonetic in the sense that linguists use the term. Likewise, it's not related to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) , which is used in linguistics to represent the precise pronunciation of individual words.[DOC] [TLE] NATO phonetic alphabet - Military Wiki - Wikia NATO phonetic alphabet | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet . [PAR] FAA radiotelephony alphabet and Morse code chart [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet, more accurately known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet and also called the ICAO phonetic or ICAO spelling alphabet, as well as the ITU phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used spelling alphabet. Although often called \"phonetic alphabets\", spelling alphabets do not have any association with phonetic transcription systems, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet . Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned code words acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet so that critical combinations of letters and numbers can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of their native language or the presence of transmission static. [PAR] The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Xylography_index_page - Medical Antiques Xylography_index_page [PAR] A European print and its original woodcut block [PAR] Click image to enlarge [PAR] European use of the woodcut as a means to produce old master prints began in the 15th century. One of the earliest such works is The Fire Madonna, which is in the Cathedral of Forli in Italy. Most of the earliest European woodcuts have religious themes. At the beginning of the 15th century there was an explosion in the sales of poorly made woodcuts, and there was a subsequent fall in standards. There was a lack of sophistication until the third quarter of the 16th century, when German and Italian artisans raised the level of the craft. Albrecht Durer was a master who brought the craft of xylography to its pinnacle at the end of the 15th Century. [PAR] [PAR] Printing with moveable type began in the mid 15th century, and the combination of this printing technique with woodblock illustrations gave rise to the illustrated book. Millions of books were produced in Europe in the late 15th through late 17th centuries. There were likewise many thousands of original wooden blocks painstakingly created to produce the illustrations. Oftentimes, illustrations were \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdborrowed\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd from one book to another, either with or without permission. This is why the prints may look so similar in books by various authors. [PAR] [PAR] Wooden printing blocks were designed by an artist/author and then carved by specialized artisans called \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdformschneiders.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd This was done after a paper drawing was laid down on the block or if the illustration was drawn directly onto the block itself. Perhaps the height of the formschneider\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds craft was seen in Germany, where carvers such as Hieronymus Andreae, Hans Lutzelburger, and Just de Negker became well known for their skill in carving the blocks. There were also specialists who were expert in producing blank blocks of the correct type and consistency for carving. (1) [PAR] [PAR] Sadly, almost all of the original wooden blocks used to produce book illustrations in the 15th through 17th centuries have been lost. They were used until they could no longer produce a good image, and likely then cast into the fireplace. Sometimes they were re-carved to extend their life, but most commonly they were simply discarded at the end of a print run. [PAR] [PAR] Amazingly, a large grouping of original early printing blocks were collected in the 19th century and kept together until recently. These blocks were in all genres: religion, art, history, and science. The Arbittier Museum of Medical History is very fortunate to have been able to acquire all of the medically related blocks in this important archive. These include ones showing anatomy, surgery, bloodletting, and other medical procedures. Many of the blocks are associated with specific editions of important early medical texts, such as those by Pare and Hundt. All of the blocks will be described on the site in the near future. [PAR] Examples of woodcut blocks actually used in 16th - 17th century medical books"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice -- Index of Characters Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice -- Index of Characters [PAR] Pride and Prejudice [PAR] (it is based ultimately on the basic list of characters in Chapman's 1923 edition). Select the name of a character in the detailed alphabetical listing below to jump to the first meaningful appearance of that character in the novel. Other links are to significant descriptions of the major characters -- this list indexes passages which describe the appearances, personalities, and circumstances of the characters (but does not index the events in the novel as such; for this see the chronological index ). The index to passages referring to the themes of \"pride\" and \"prejudice\" has additional insights into some of the characters. [PAR] Bennets, Philipses, and Gardiners [PAR] Mr. Collins is a cousin of Mr. Bennet (an explanation of the entail is available). [PAR] +--------------+---------------------------+ | | | | | | Mr. Bennet === Mrs. Bennet Mrs. Philips === Mr. Philips Edward === M---- | Gardiner | +--------+-+-----+-------+-------+ | | | | | | +--+--+--+ Jane Elizabeth Mary \"Kitty\" Lydia | | | | [Catherine] Four children [PAR] Darcys, Fitzwilliams, and De Bourghs [PAR] The individuals in parentheses died before the main action of the novel begins. [PAR] (Old Earl of ----, surnamed Fitzwilliam) | +------------+----+----------------+ | | | (Old Mr. === (Lady current Lady === (Sir Lewis Darcy) | Anne) Earl of ---- Catherine | de Bourgh) | | | +------+------+ +---+------+ | | | | | | Fitzwilliam Georgiana elder Colonel Anne de Darcy Darcy son(s) Fitzwilliam Bourgh [PAR] Description . [PAR] The Bennets: [PAR] Mr. BENNET , of Longbourn-house in Hertfordshire ; the estate was about \u00a32,000 a year, and \u00a35,000 was settled on his wife and children. [PAR] Finances . [PAR] He married ---- Gardiner ( Mrs. Bennet ), daughter of a Meryton attorney, \u00a34,000. (From the fact that she has been married 23 years , it can be deduced that she was almost certainly in her forties -- the prime marrying years for women were between ages 17 and 27.) [PAR] Elizabeth after Darcy's letter: Mrs. Bennet supports Kitty and Lydia in their giddiness . [PAR] Their children: [PAR] Jane , 22. (Jane is often referred to simply as \"Miss Bennet\" , according to the convention that the first name of the eldest unmarried daughter in a family is omitted after \"Miss\"; Elizabeth is sometimes addressed as \"Miss Bennet\" by the other characters, but the narrator never refers to her in that way.) [PAR] Considered the prettiest of the five Bennet daughters: Darcy , Elizabeth , Bingley (to Darcy) , Bingley (overheard) , Mr. Collins , and Mrs. Bennet : 1st 2nd . [PAR] (According to one of Jane Austen's letters, of May 24th 1813 , \"Green was a favorite colour with her\".) [PAR] Jane has \"no idea of there being so much design [scheming] in the world as some persons imagine.\" [PAR] \"Let me take it in the best light\" ; i.e. Jane prefers to believe that she has been mistaken in supposing Bingley's affection for her, rather than that his sisters would designedly try to separate him from her, and he would be so easily swayed. [PAR] Elizabeth , 20. Her family calls her \"Lizzy\", her friends and neighbours call her \"Eliza\", and the narrator usually calls her \"Elizabeth\" (never \"Miss Bennet\" ). [PAR] Soon after the publication of [PAR] Pride and Prejudice [PAR] , Jane Austen wrote about Elizabeth Bennet, \"I must confess that I think her as delightful a character as ever appeared in print, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darius Campbell - WOW.com Darius Campbell - WOW.com [PAR] Darius Campbell [PAR] .com [PAR] Darius Campbell (born Darius Campbell-Danesh, 19 August 1980), also known professionally as Darius Danesh or Darius, is a Scottish singer-songwriter, a West End stage actor and an ambassador for The Prince's Trust . [PAR] He performed the role of Billy Flynn in the West End production of Chicago , the youngest actor ever to play that part, in two runs of the musical. He played the lead role of Sky Masterson in the Olivier Award , winning Guys and Dolls , and the originating role of Rhett Butler in Sir Trevor Nunn 's theatrical adaptation of Gone with the Wind . [PAR] In 2010 he trained with tenor Rolando Villaz\u00f3n , won the ITV competition Popstar to Operastar and performed a duet with Villaz\u00f3n on The Impossible Dream. The UK's biggest operatic production was the occasion of his operatic d\u00e9but, at The O2 arena with the Royal Philharmonic, in Carmen . At 29, he became the youngest performer to assume the lead role of Carmen's lover, a role more often awarded to a baritone in his forties. Also in 2010, he starred in The History of the Big Bands tour, a show which takes the audience on a musical journey through the Big Band and Swing era. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 8 External links [PAR] Early life [PAR] Campbell was born in Glasgow , to an Iranian father, Booth Danesh, and a Scottish mother, Avril Campbell; his family live in Bearsden . [1] The eldest of three boys, his younger brothers are Aria (b. 1985) and Cyrus (b. 1995). He attended Bearsden Primary School [2] and the Glasgow Academy , [3] before going on to study English Literature and Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh . [PAR] His professional career began with a non-singing role of the Scottish Opera 's avant garde 1990s production of The Trojans . As a teenager he then performed at Covent Garden Royal Opera House with the Scottish Opera in a production of Carmen . [4] [5] [PAR] Career [PAR] 2001-02: Popstars and Pop Idol [PAR] Campbell live in 2012 [PAR] He first gained fame in 2001 after appearing on the British talent competition Popstars . A year later he was voted to the finals of the TV talent show, Pop Idol . He turned down Simon Cowell 's record deal, then signed with producer Steve Lillywhite . [PAR] 2002-04: Colourblind and Dive In [PAR] The first single written by Campbell, Colourblind , was released on 29 July 2002 and entered the UK singles chart at number 1 , staying at the top of the charts for two weeks, it was certified silver. [PAR] His debut album, Dive In, was certified platinum in the UK in 2004, charting at number 6 in the UK albums chart during the competitive pre-Christmas sales. [6] He has subsequently had five UK Top Ten singles and a second gold album. [PAR] He wrote all 12 songs on the Dive In album and produced one of the tracks called Better Than That whilst collaborating with a number of other producers such as The Misfits and The Matrix on the other tracks. Steve Lillywhite was executive producer on the album. Campbell, then performing as Darius Danesh, supported Shakira on her world tour and went on to complete his own sell-out UK Dive In Tour . [PAR] The Dive In Tour took place in April and May 2003. The fifteen dates scheduled for May expanded to twenty three dates on public demand. [7] [PAR] 2004-05: Sink or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Logic and Ontology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Logic and Ontology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [PAR] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [PAR] Logic and Ontology [PAR] First published Mon Oct 4, 2004; substantive revision Tue Aug 30, 2011 [PAR] A number of important philosophical problems are at the intersection of logic and ontology. Both logic and ontology are diverse fields within philosophy and, partly because of this, there is not one single philosophical problem about the relation between them. In this survey article we will first discuss what different philosophical projects are carried out under the headings of \u201clogic\u201d and \u201contology\u201d and then we will look at several areas where logic and ontology overlap. [PAR] 1. Introduction [PAR] Both logic and ontology are important areas of philosophy covering large, diverse, and active research projects. These two areas overlap from time to time and problems or questions arise that concern both. This survey article is intended to discuss some of these areas of overlap. In particular, there is no single philosophical problem of the intersection of logic and ontology. This is partly so because the philosophical disciplines of logic and of ontology are themselves quite diverse and there is thus the possibility of many points of intersection. In the following we will first distinguish different philosophical projects that are covered under the terms \u2018logic\u2019 and \u2018ontology\u2019. We will then discuss a selection of problems that arise in the different areas of contact. [PAR] \u2018Logic\u2019 and \u2018ontology\u2019 are big words in philosophy, and different philosophers have used them in different ways. Depending on what these philosophers mean by these words, and, of course, depending on the philosopher's views, sometimes there are striking claims to be found in the philosophical literature about their relationship. But when Hegel, for example, uses \u2018logic\u2019, or better \u2018Logik\u2019, he means something quite different than what is meant by the word in much of the contemporary philosophical scene. We will not be able to survey the history of the different conceptions of logic, or of ontology. Instead we will look at areas of overlap that are presently actively debated. [PAR] 2.1. Different conceptions of logic [PAR] On the one hand, logic is the study of certain mathematical properties of artificial, formal languages. It is concerned with such languages as the first or second order predicate calculus, modal logics, the lambda calculus, categorial grammars, and so forth. The mathematical properties of these languages are studied in such subdisciplines of logic as proof theory or model theory. Much of the work done in this area these days is mathematically difficult, and it might not be immediately obvious why this is considered a part of philosophy. However, logic in this sense arose from within philosophy and the foundations of mathematics, and it is often seen as being of philosophical relevance, in particular in the philosophy of mathematics, and in its application to natural languages. [PAR] A second discipline, also called \u2018logic\u2019, deals with certain valid inferences and good reasoning based on them. It does not, however, cover good reasoning as a whole. That is the job of the theory of rationality. Rather it deals with inferences whose validity can be traced back to the formal features of the representations that are involved in that inference, be they linguistic, mental, or other representations. Some patterns of inference can be seen as valid by merely looking at the form of the representations that are involved in this inference. Such a conception of logic thus distinguishes validity from formal validity. An inference is valid just in case the truth of the premises guarantees the"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Coolest Hibernating Animals | Earth Rangers Wild ... Alpine Marmots (Marmota marmota) [PAR] Alpine marmot [PAR] Marmots hibernate for up to eight months! They spend the four months they are awake having babies and preparing for the next hibernation. During hibernation they take only 2-3 breaths a minute and their heartbeat slows down from their normal 120 beats to 3-4 beats a minute! [PAR] Common Poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) [PAR] Common Poorwill. Photo credit ken-ichi [PAR] It isn\u2019t often that you hear about a bird that sleeps the bad weather away, that\u2019s because the Common Poorwill is the only known bird species to hibernate. It picks a spot under shallow rocks or rotten logs and stays there for up to five months. Its daily energy needs drop by 93% and it can stay asleep for 100 days! Once hibernation is over, it needs seven hours to get back to its normal temperature. [PAR] Bears [PAR] Black Bear [PAR] Only four species of bear are hibernators: American Black Bear, Asiatic Black bear, Brown bear and Polar bear . These furry mammals don\u2019t hibernate in the true sense because their body temperature only drops a little bit and they can wakeup at any moment. In fact, a pregnant mama bear will have her cubs during the hibernation period . Like true hibernators, the bear\u2019s heartbeat will slow down and they can go for a long time without having any food. During hibernation a Black bear\u2019s heart can drop from 40-50 to 8 beats per minute and they can last as long as 100 days without eating or drinking! [PAR] Bats [PAR] Bat [PAR] When bats are left alone, they can be some of the longest hibernators. In the wild, big brown bats have spent 64-66 days in hibernation while in captivity one lasted an incredible 344 days! These little guys don\u2019t have to eat but they do wake up to drink. Their heart rate drops from 1000 beats per minute to only 25 and some bats only take a breath every 2 hours. [PAR] Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) [PAR] fat-tailed dwarf lemur. Photo credit: Frank Vassen [PAR] Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemurs live in Madagascar where temperatures in June and July usually stay about 30 degrees C. Now that might seem pretty warm to you, but this is actually the coldest time of the year for these lemurs. During this cold spell Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemurs pick a tree and settle there for about seven months until the rains return in November and food is available again. During their hibernation, they live off the fat in their tail (hence fat-tailed) losing close to 50% of their body weight! [PAR] Common Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina) [PAR] Box turtle [PAR] Hibernating box turtles are found in well hidden spots around Southern North America (USA and Mexico). The length of their winter sleep depends on the location and turtle subspecies: some can last as short as 77 days or as long as 154 days. Their heart beat drops to just one every 5-10 minutes and they don\u2019t have to breathe in air at all (although they do take in oxygen through their skin). They are still very sensitive to the changing environment around them, if they wake up too early they will likely not survive. [PAR] Bumblebees [PAR] Bumblebee [PAR] When the temperature drops, males and worker bees die off but the queen survives by hibernating. She hibernates in a hole in the soil, in rotten tree stumps or under leaf litter. She will emerge 6-8 months later, warm-up and then find a nice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tewkesbury Town Council Main Menu [PAR] Finance [PAR] About Us [PAR] Tewkesbury Town Council is a parish level local authority serving a population of approximately 10,000 people in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. [PAR] It is composed of 16 councillors elected or co-opted to 4 year terms within the wards of Newtown (3 Councillors), Town with Mitton (6 Councillors), Priors Park (6 Councillors) and Mythe (1 Councillor). [PAR] Local authorities were first created by statute in 1894 and our most significant responsibility is to represent the community and serve all elements within it as we try to get the best results for everyone. As a parish council Tewkesbury Town Council is the first tier of local government and the one closest to the people. [PAR] We also have a responsibility to engage in partnership working with Tewkesbury Borough Council and Gloucestershire County Council. [PAR] Each year the Town Council receives a share of the council tax collected by Tewkesbury Borough Council, referred to as a \u2018precept\u2019. This money is then used to improve facilities within the town. The money is split across nine \u2018cost centres\u2019 which are managed by different Town Council committees. [PAR] Details of these committee decisions and the councillors who make them can be found in the agendas and minutes for each meeting. Further details of our assets, financial position, and policies are also available on this site. [PAR] Our Responsibilities [PAR] Grants to local community groups [PAR] Consultation on Neighborhood Planning[DOC] [TLE] Tewkesbury Historic Riverside Town in Gloucestershire ... Tewkesbury Historic Riverside Town in Gloucestershire England UK [PAR] 2 miles from junction 9 [PAR] M5 Motorway [PAR] Tewkesbury - The Historic Town of Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire where time stood still for 150 years ensuring the preservation of its medieval character and layout to the present day. [PAR] Tewkesbury is now a thriving town and at the same time is a living museum of architecture and social history spanning over 500 years. The town has such a perfectly preserved medieval character that in 1964 The Council of British Archaeology listed it amongst 57 towns \"so splendid and so precious that the ultimate responsibility for them should be of national concern\". [PAR] Tewkesbury is a pure delight to behold and we have no hesitation in highly recommending it as a 'MUST' place to visit by all tourists visiting the northern Cotswolds Gloucestershire region - an effort that will be amply rewarded in the memories and images you will forever keep and treasure. [PAR] Tewkesbury is an ancient settlement at the meeting of the rivers Severn and Avon. The surrounding rivers and flood plain have prevented the old town from expanding so that its long thin profile has hardly altered since the middle ages. Tewkesbury presents one of the best medieval townscapes in England with its fine half-timbered Tudor buildings, overhanging upperstoreys and ornately carved doorways. [PAR] Tewkesbury is renowned as having one of the best medieval black and white townscapes in the country and has much to delight the visitor. Discover the hidden charms along narrow alleyways where the eaves of crooked timber buildings nearly touch or take a leisurely cruise along the river. [PAR] Tewkesbury is dominated by the 12th-century Abbey. Known to some as the \u2018Westminster Abbey\u2019 of the feudal barony, this beautiful building has the highest Norman tower in England as well as rich architecture and artistic heritage. Also here are the fascinating John Moore Countryside Museum, the Town Museum and the Old Baptist Chapel. [PAR] What to See [PAR] Bredon - 3 miles north of Tewkesbury [PAR] Bredons Norton - 1 mile north of Bredon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Alec Harvey (Character) - Quotes - IMDb Dr. Alec Harvey (Character) - Quotes [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey (Character) [PAR] from Brief Encounter (1945) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Laura Jesson : [whimpers] Please don't. [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey : I love you. I love you. You love me too. It's no use pretending it hasn't happened cause it has. [PAR] Laura Jesson : Yes it has. I don't want to pretend anything either to you or to anyone else. But from now on, I shall have to. That's what's wrong. Don't you see? That's what spoils everything. That's why we must stop, here and now, talking like this. We're neither of us free to love each other. There's too much in the way. There's still time, if we control ourselves and behave like sensible human beings. There's still time. [PAR] [She is overcome with tears] [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey : [hearing a trio playing in the restaurant] There should be a Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Musical Instruments. [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey : I do love you, so very much. I love you with all my heart and soul. [PAR] Laura Jesson : I want to die. If only I could die... [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey : If you'd die, you'd forget me. I want to be remembered. [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey : Could you really say goodbye? Never see me again? [PAR] Laura Jesson : Yes, if you'd help me. [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey : I love you, Laura. I shall love you always until the end of my life. I can't look at you now cause I know something. I know that this is the beginning of the end. Not the end of my loving you but the end of our being together. But not quite yet, darling. Please. Not quite yet. [PAR] Laura Jesson : Very well. Not quite yet. [PAR] Dr. Alec Harvey : You know what's happened, don't you?... I've fallen in love with you."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wal-Mart's 'Save Money - Live Better' Slogan Is Step In ... Wal-Mart's 'Save Money - Live Better' Slogan Is Step In Right Direction [PAR] Live Better\u2019 Slogan Is Step In Right Direction [PAR] Jim Prevor\u2019s Perishable Pundit, September 14, 2007 [PAR] Wal-Mart has announced a new slogan. Instead of \u201cAlways Low Prices. Always\u201d the new slogan will be \u201cSave Money. Live Better.\u201d [PAR] Many media reports said this was the first slogan change in 19 years \u2014 which is not quite true. Back in 1994, Wal-Mart was compelled to change its slogan, which had been \u201cAlways the low price. Always\u201d when the National Advertising Review Board found it deceptive. [PAR] The Board was responding to an appeal brought by local Better Business Bureaus and several competitors of Wal-Mart, including Target Stores (at that time a division of the Dayton Hudson Corporation) and Meijer Inc. [PAR] The complaint claimed that the slogan inaccurately implied that Wal-Mart\u2019s prices were the lowest prices on each and every item, each and every place and each and every time. The Board agreed this could mislead some shoppers and Wal-Mart changed its slogan. [PAR] The new one is unquestionably better from a marketing perspective. Always low prices is a feature that Wal-Mart offers. It is an ironclad rule that we don\u2019t sell features, we sell benefits. [PAR] \u201cSave Money. Live Better\u201d combines both. \u201cSave money\u201d is a feature. \u201cLive Better\u201d is a benefit. [PAR] So it should be more effective. And it is based on an important reality that Wal-Mart needs to emphasize when so many of its enemies are inclined to think that low prices translate into safety issues, sub-par treatment of employees, etc. Wal-Mart needs to emphasize that its low prices translate into better lives for tens of millions of families: [PAR] In Wal-Mart\u2019s case, the agency latched on to a study by the economic research firm Global Insight that found the retailer\u2019s low prices saved customers $287 billion last year \u2014 or $2,500 per household. [PAR] The agency crafted the two kickoff ads around that number. Each ends with the new slogan and a question, \u201cWal-Mart saves the average family $2,500 per year. What will you do with your savings?\u201d [PAR] In one commercial, a man and his son drive to a used-car lot. The son spots a sporty red car. The father elbows him and tells him to go check it out. As the son runs his fingers across the hood, cue tagline. [PAR] In the other, a real-life family leaves a Wal-Mart parking lot in their minivan and hits the road for a vacation. They stay at a tiny hotel. The kids jump on the bed. They swim in a pool, eat ice cream and frolic on the beach. Then the van is shown headed down the highway, passing underneath a sign pointing toward Orlando. Cue tagline. [PAR] \u201cI love retail ads that make a specific promise,\u201d said Steve Bassett, a creative director at Martin. \u201cAlways low prices was specific, but for me, \u2018Save Money. Live Better\u2019 is a bigger promise that is backed up by a number that\u2019s pretty impressive.\u201d [PAR] It is a good change for Wal-Mart. The disaster, however, will be if management thinks the new slogan is a way of broadening Wal-Mart\u2019s appeal to upper income shoppers. [PAR] Wal-Mart can sell Clorox to many affluent people \u2014 they know a bargain as well as anyone. But clothing is a sign post of social standing, and that means it is highly unlikely Wal-Mart will sell a lot of upscale clothing without alienating its shopper base. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Driving in Cyprus - What Side Of The Road Do You Drive On ... Driving in Cyprus - What Side Of The Road Do You Drive On In Cyprus [PAR] Driving In Cyprus [PAR] When it comes to driving in cyprus, the number one question we get asked is\u2026 [PAR] What Side Of The Road Of The Road Do You Drive On In Cyprus? [PAR] Like in the UK, in Cyprus, you drive on the left hand side of the right. What\u2019s more, because of the influence of the UK in Cyprus, many of the road signs are similar, as are the traffic lights system. [PAR] This makes driving in Cyprus much easier for tourists hiring a holiday car . [PAR] Speed Limits [PAR] Speed limits are similar to the UK, but you must bear in mind, in Cyprus (like mainland Europe) measurements are in kilometres. ie. [PAR] Distances on road signs [PAR] Speed limits are in KPH \u2013 kilometers per hour. [PAR] Motorways [PAR] The motorways in Cyprus join the main towns and there is good access from the villa near Larnaca . Around 10km from the main motorway, you have easy access to Agia Napa in the East, Nicosia (signposted Lefkosia) in the centre of Cyprus, and Limassol and Paphos to the South West. [PAR] Driving In Larnaca [PAR] In Larnaca, there is a main road network but as you get into the town centre, there are many narrow roads and much of the traffic is one way. In the Turkish quarter there is a beautiful drive on a narrow road that edges onto the water (we love coming back to the villa down the road. [PAR] [social_share/][DOC] [TLE] Cyprus Information | Driving in Cyprus Cyprus Information | Driving in Cyprus [PAR] Cyprus Events Calendar [PAR] Driving in Cyprus [PAR] Driving in Cyprus is on the left side of the road with the steering wheel usually on the right. If a foreigner wants to drive in Cyprus they may do so using their valid International driving licence or National driving licence. This licence must be valid for the type of vehicle they wish to drive. Foreigners can get a Cyprus driving licence but in order to do so will need to change their national licence to a Cypriot licence or they can take the driving test. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] For \u20ac59,80 (for a person aged up to 70 years - after that age the licence must be re-newed at no additional cost) a Cyrpriot driving licence can be purchased. To hire an average sized saloon car it will cost approximately \u20ac45 per day in the summer period, this includes 'fully covered' insurance. Throughout the rest of the year this car will cost about \u20ac23 a day. All the major towns and airports are connected by six or four lane motorways. Other towns and villages are connected by two lane, well surfaced roads. EU citizens are able to bring their own cars to Cyprus for six months without registering them. [PAR] [PAR] Import Duty: Contact the Customs & Excise Department for further details on bringing private cars into the Republic of Cyprus."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birthday Horoscope August 1st Leo, If your Birthday is ... Birthday Horoscope August 1st Leo, If your Birthday is August 1 [PAR] Birthday Horoscope for August 1st [PAR] If your Birthday is August 1 and your Zodiac Sign is Leo [PAR] Birthday Persona Profile [PAR] People born specifically on the 1st of August are believed to be jovial, open and focused with the usual zodiac Lion enjoyment of luxuries. The ruling astrological planet selected for this particular day is the Sun, the same ruler of your star sign, intensifying your warmth and generosity. If you have this birthday plenty of self esteem, wit and impulsiveness makes you loveable but also occasionally arrogant and thoughtless too. Assertive and highly persuasive your warm heart is full of loyalty and you are likely to always stand up for things you believe in. You are charming, creative and stylish with an energetic optimism and the determination and ability to bounce back quickly from any setback. Individuals with an August the first birthday are self sufficient but they can sometimes be very demanding and dependant on others emotionally. You will usually view the world as it is without any illusions or overly high expectations. [PAR] Work and Finances [PAR] Choosing [PAR] a suitably paid and stimulating job may be difficult to a person born on the first of August. You can have a competitive element in career choice and will ordinarily go to great lengths to work for an income to facilitate your desire for a luxurious lifestyle. Your skilled talent of persuasiveness directs you do especially well in sales, marketing and advertising professions. Your financial management plans will usually involve the allocation of some saving funds for the future. An impulsive streak in your temperament can once in a while disturb your usual good intentions to save. [PAR] Personal Relationships [PAR] For a Leo, the person born on the first day of August is typically friendly and easily approachable with an idealistic view of romance. Your sociable charm and touch of perfectionism can guide you to be sometimes prone to disillusionment concerning love unions in your youth. Loving and naturally protective you tend to need a partner who is frank, uncritical and understanding of your continual need for affection, appreciation and attention. Despite the confident proud front you normally display you seem to require frequent emotional reassurance from a soul mate. Expressive and broad minded sexually your strong lustiness can prompt the occasional episode of unintentional selfishness in bed. Passionate, giving and loyal you are particularly receptive to flattery and can often be flattered into submission by it if your fiery temper surfaces. A perfect partner will keep you calm and quell your primary insecurities. [PAR] Health [PAR] Illness experienced by those born on August 1st has the possibility of being initiated by your tendency for arrogance regarding healthiness. Your presumption that health takes care of itself and you know your own body and mind best may cause you to miss or ignore warning symptoms. As you are inclined to be careful bordering on fanatical about your diet and rather active it is rare for you to have issues over weight. People born on this day commonly experience lower back and foot based pain and problems as these are your weak spots, posture is important and excess stress can trigger this susceptibility. [PAR] Strengths and Weaknesses [PAR] Your main strength of character that outshines all your other fortes is your skilful way with words. This favorable trait is joined by your cheery openness, wittiness and determined realistic focus and drive. All these"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fun With Words: Numbers - RinkWorks Fun With Words: Numbers [PAR] Eight is the first number alphabetically. Zero is the last. [PAR] Four is the only number that, spelled out, has as many letters. [PAR] Fifty and seventy are the only numbers divisible by ten that, when spelled out, have as many letters as ten divides into them. Therefore, fifty-four and seventy-four are equal to the numbers you get when you count the letters digit by digit. Thirty-six and forty-five have this same property in reverse, that is, the first word has the same number of letters as the second digit, and vice versa. [PAR] Forty is the only number whose letters are in alphabetical order. One is the only number whose letters are in reverse alphabetical order. First also has its letters in alphabetical order. [PAR] Eighty-eight, eleven letters long, is the longest number that is normally typed using strictly alternating hands (ignoring the hyphen). [PAR] Interchangeability is the word in the English language that contains the letters to form the most numbers. Its letters can form the words three, eight, nine, ten, thirteen, thirty, thirty-nine, eighty, eighty-nine, ninety, and ninety-eight. [PAR] Lewis Carroll, the author of [PAR] Alice In Wonderland [PAR] , once noted that \"eleven plus two\" and \"twelve plus one\" use the same letters and produce the same sum. [PAR] First Appearances of Letters [PAR] One thousand is the first number that, when spelled out, contains an a. (One hundred and one if you count the \"and.\") [PAR] One billion is the first number that contains a b. [PAR] One octillion is the first number that contains a c. [PAR] One hundred is the first number that contains a d. [PAR] Zero is the first number that contains an e. Starting from one, it's one. [PAR] Four is the first number that contains an f. [PAR] Eight is the first number that contains a g. [PAR] Three is the first number that contains an h. [PAR] Five is the first number that contains an i. [PAR] The letters j and k do not appear in the English spelling of any cardinal number. [PAR] Eleven is the first number that contains an l. [PAR] One million is the first number that contains an m. [PAR] One is the first number that contains an n. [PAR] Zero is the first number that contains an o. Starting from one, it's one. [PAR] One septillion is the first number that contains a p. [PAR] One quadrillion is the first number that contains a q. [PAR] Zero is the first number that contains an r. Starting from one, it's three. [PAR] Six is the first number that contains an s. [PAR] Two is the first number that contains a t. [PAR] Four is the first number that contains a u. [PAR] Five is the first number that contains a v. [PAR] Two is the first number that contains a w. [PAR] Six is the first number that contains an x. [PAR] Twenty is the first number that contains a y. [PAR] Zero is the first and only number that contains a z. (One zillion is not a real number.) [PAR] Seven is the first number not to contain any letter for the first time. [PAR] One octillion, the first number containing a c, is the largest number to contain any letter for the first time. [PAR] Back to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Luxor : Ancient Egyptian Capital - Live Science Luxor: Ancient Egyptian Capital [PAR] Luxor: Ancient Egyptian Capital [PAR] By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] June 25, 2013 05:24pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Luxor is a modern-day Egyptian city that lies atop an ancient city that the Greeks named \u201cThebes\u201d and the ancient Egyptians called \u201cWaset.\u201d [PAR] Located in the Nile River about 312 miles (500 kilometers) south of Cairo the World Gazetteer website reports that, as of the 2006 census, Luxor and its environs had a population of more than 450,000 people. The name Luxor \u201cderives from the Arabic al-uksur, \u2018the fortifications,\u2019 which in turn was adapted from the Latin castrum,\u201d which refers to a Roman fort built in the area, writes William Murnane in the \"Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt\" (Oxford University Press, 2001). [PAR] A red granite obelisk and two seated statues of Ramesses II guard the entrance to the Luxor Temple. [PAR] Credit: WitR Shutterstock [PAR] The ancient city of Luxor served at times as Egypt\u2019s capital and became one of its largest urban centers. \u201cOn the East Bank, beneath the modern city of Luxor, lie the remains of an ancient town that from about 1500 to 1000 B.C. was one of the most spectacular in Egypt, with a population of perhaps 50,000,\u201d write archaeologists Kent Weeks and Nigel Hetherington in their book \"The Valley of the Kings Site Management Masterplan\" (Theban Mapping Project, 2006). [PAR] In ancient times, the city was known as home to the god Amun, a deity who became associated with Egyptian royalty. In turn, during Egypt\u2019s \u201cNew Kingdom\u201d period between roughly 1550-1050 B.C., most of Egypt\u2019s rulers chose to be buried close to the city in the nearby Valley of the Kings. Other famous sites near the city, which were built or greatly expanded during the New Kingdom period, include Karnak Temple , Luxor Temple, the Valley of the Queens and Queen Hatshepsut\u2019s mortuary temple at Deir al-Bahari. [PAR] \u201cOf all the ancient cities, no other city reached the glory of Thebes in supremacy,\u201d writes Egyptologist Rasha Soliman in her book \"Old and Middle Kingdom Theban Tombs\" (Golden House Publications, 2009). \u201cThebes is the largest and wealthiest heritage site in the world.\u201d [PAR] Origins [PAR] Weeks and Hetherington point out that the area of Luxor has evidence of habitation going back 250,000 years. Soliman notes that during the Old Kingdom period (roughly 2650-2150 B.C.), the time the Great Pyramids were built at Giza, the ancient city at Luxor was a provincial administration centre. [PAR] It would take on new importance after the Old Kingdom collapsed, a time called the \u201cfirst intermediate period.\u201d During this period, the ancient city at Luxor became the capital of a local kingdom, one that in time succeeded in uniting the country. [PAR] The king who accomplished this reunification, named Nebhepetre Mentuhotep (who reigned about 4,000 years ago), is believed to have accomplished this feat in his 39th year of rule. Soliman notes that a mortuary temple for him was built near the city at a place called Deir al-Bahari. \u201cThe mortuary complex includes an unexcavated valley temple and a causeway 1,200 meters (4,000 feet) long,\u201d writes Soliman. \u201cIt ended at the temple\u2019s garden where statues of the king were placed.\u201d The king\u2019s tomb was located in the nearby hills and contains a passageway descending 490 feet (150 meters) into the ground. [PAR] Although Mentuhotep\u2019s successors would move their court north, away from the city, construction at Karnak Temple appears to have picked up at this time. [PAR] Pillars of hieroglyphs line the Medinet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rhodesian Ridgeback : Dog Breed Selector : Animal Planet Rhodesian Ridgeback : Dog Breed Selector : Animal Planet [PAR] Watch Video [PAR] The Ridgeback loves to run, and it needs daily mental and physical exercise to keep it from becoming frustrated. It can be a good jogging or hiking companion. The Ridgeback can live outdoors in temperate or warm climates, but it is usually much happier sleeping indoors and dividing its time between the house and yard during the day. Coat care is minimal, consisting only of occasional brushing to remove dead hair. [PAR] \u0095 Major concerns: dermoid sinus [PAR] \u0095 Occasionally seen: deafness, elbow dysplasia [PAR] \u0095 Suggested tests: breeder check for dermoid sinus, (hip) [PAR] \u0095 Life span: 10 \u0096 13 years [PAR] Watch Video [PAR] When European Boer settlers arrived in South Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries, they brought with them such breeds as the mastiff, Great Dane, bloodhound, pointer, staghound and greyhound, among others. These settlers needed a dog that could withstand both hot and cold temperatures, limited water and rough bush, while performing the duties of guard dog and hunting dog. By breeding their European dogs with native Hottentot tribal hunting dogs (which were distinguished by a ridge of hair growing in the opposite direction along the top of their back) they produced just such a dog. These dogs hunted by both sight and scent and were devoted protectors of the entire family. In the 1870s, several were taken to Rhodesia to hunt lions, chasing and harassing the lion until the hunter could shoot it. The \"lion dogs\" were so successful that they soon became popular, their distinctive ridge becoming a trademark of quality. By the 1920s, so many different types of ridged lion dogs existed in Rhodesia that a meeting was held to elucidate the most desirable points of the breed, which became the basis for the current standard. Dogs meeting the standard criteria were known as Rhodesian Ridgebacks (the dogs' former designation as lion dogs was deemed to sound too savage). The breed was introduced into England in the 1930s and America soon after. In both countries, it gained recognition in the 1950s and quickly attracted admirers. In the 1980s, the breed received recognition as a sighthound and became eligible to compete in sighthound field trials. Today it is among the more popular hounds, undoubtedly because it combines the abilities of hunter, protector and companion in a sleek handsome body.[DOC] [TLE] Adopt a Rhodesian Ridgeback | Dog Breeds | Petfinder Adopt a Rhodesian Ridgeback | Dog Breeds | Petfinder [PAR] Adopt a Rhodesian Ridgeback [PAR] Picture: Kent and Donna Dannen [PAR] Family: [PAR] large game (including lion) hunting, guardian [PAR] Average size of male: [PAR] See more adoptable Rhodesian Ridgeback dogs available on Petfinder [PAR] Watch Video About Rhodesian Ridgeback Dogs [PAR] Dogs 101: Rhodesian Ridgeback [PAR] Rhodesian Ridgeback Dog Temperament [PAR] The Rhodesian Ridgeback is the hound group's answer to a somewhat protective dog. Not only is he a keen and versatile hunter, but he is a loyal guardian. He is good with children, especially protective of those in his family, but he is sometimes overly boisterous in play. He is strong-willed and powerful; some can become domineering. [PAR] Rhodesian Ridgeback Dog Care [PAR] The Ridgeback loves to run, and he needs daily mental and physical exercise to keep from becoming frustrated. He can be a good jogging or hiking companion. The Ridgeback is happier sleeping indoors and dividing his time between the house and yard during the day. Coat care is minimal, consisting only of occasional brushing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genie - Disney Wiki - Wikia Genie | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cWhat would you wish of me? The ever-impressive, the long-contained, the often imitated, but never duplicated... [PAR] Genie of the Lamp!\u201d [PAR] \u2015Genie introducing himself to Aladdin [PAR] Genie is the tritagonist in Disney 's 1992 animated feature film, Aladdin . He is an all-powerful spirit residing in a magical oil lamp hidden within the Cave of Wonders , meant to only serve the \"diamond in the rough\". [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Like most popular depictions of genies, Disney's Genie was originally a slave. Though he possesses \"phenomenal cosmic powers\", he is bound to an \"itty bitty living space\" and can only use his powers when the owner of the lamp (his master) makes a wish; he occasionally does things without granting a wish, but never anything that greatly affects the world around him. He is also bound by three laws; he cannot kill anyone, he cannot make people fall in love with each other, and he cannot revive the dead. It is possible, however, that he can do the third one, but as he puts it, \"It's not a pretty picture. I don't like doing it!\". Alternatively, it could mean that while he can revive a person's corpse, he cannot bring them back proper. Each master has three wishes, and cannot exceed this amount by wishing for more wishes. The lamp comes into the possession of Aladdin during the course of the first film, and he remains in servitude until Aladdin uses his third and final wish to grant Genie his freedom at the end of the film. [PAR] As well as largely driving the plot in the first movie, Genie serves as a comic relief element in each of his appearances. He is shown to have shape-shifting abilities, which allow for many and varied sight gags. His supernatural disposition permits him to break the fourth wall, as well as parody real-life people and popular culture completely outside of the boundaries of the universe in which he is contained. Robin Williams is responsible for most of these because he improvised many of the lines in the film. Genie's true name, if he has one, has never been revealed; he answers to being called \"Genie\", and never says that he has a real name, though it's implied he forgot his true name after ten thousand years. [PAR] Development [PAR] John Musker and Ron Clements created Genie with Robin Williams in mind, even though Disney studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg suggested names such as John Candy , Steve Martin and Eddie Murphy , Williams was approached and eventually accepted the role. Williams came for voice recording sessions during breaks in the shooting of his other two films at the time, Hook and Toys. Unusually for an animated film, much of Williams' dialogue was ad-libbed: for some scenes, Williams was given topics and dialogue suggestions but allowed to improvise his lines. [1] It was estimated that Williams improvised 52 characters. Eric Goldberg, the supervising animator for Genie, then reviewed Williams' recorded dialogue and selected the best gags and lines. Goldberg and his crew then created character animation to match Williams' jokes, puns, and impersonations. [PAR] Robin Williams supplied the character with an unconventional method of voice acting which proved to be groundbreaking, resulting in universal acclaim and Genie becoming one of the most iconic and influential characters in the history of animated films. [PAR] Personality [PAR] Full of life, and bursting with positive energy, the Genie is a happy-go-lucky character,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miles To Yards Conversion - How many yards in a mile Miles to Yards - How many yards in a mile? [PAR] Miles to Yards Conversion [PAR] How many yards in a mile? [PAR] Length units mile to yard conversion factor is 1760. To find out how many yards in miles, multiply by the factor or instead, use the converter below. [PAR] 1 Mile = 1760 Yards [PAR] Mile is an imperial and U.S. customary unit and equals to 5280 feet. It is mostly used in united states and uk to measure the distance between two geographical locations. The abbreviation is \"mi\". [PAR] Yard is an imperial, U.S. customary unit. It equals to 3 feet or 36 inches. The abbreviation is \"yd\". [PAR] For yard to mile converter, please go to yards to miles [PAR] For other length unit conversions, please go to Length Conversion [PAR] Converter[DOC] [TLE] Online Conversion - Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? Online Conversion - Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] [PAR] Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] by Tom Cornell on 03/03/05 at 11:48:24 [PAR] ??? Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? Is there a particular reason? ??? [PAR] Re: Why are there 1760 yards in a mile? [PAR] by Robert Fogt on 03/03/05 at 17:18:32 [PAR] The word mile comes from the Latin word mille, which means 1000, as the original mile was defined as 1000 paces of a Roman Legion. [PAR] The definition has changed many times over the years, but it eventually (in the year 1592) settled to being defined as 5280 feet. Which is 1760 yards, as there are 3 feet in a yard. [PAR] The definition of the mile has not changed since 1592, but the definition of the foot has, so the actual length of the mile has changed a couple times. That is why there is a survey mile and the international mile. The survey mile is 5280 survey feet, and the international mile is 5280 international feet."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] That's all folks! - meaning and origin. - Phrase Finder 'That's all folks!' - the meaning and origin of this phrase [PAR] That's all folks! [PAR] The catchphrase on the banner shown at the end of Looney Tunes cartoons. [PAR] Origin [PAR] The phrase was first used at the end of a 1930 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon and was spoken by the character Bosko. This appears to have been a development of the earlier line 'So long, folks!', which had been used in 1929 Bosko cartoon. The Looney Tunes lines may have been influenced by a British cartoon from 1926 in the Jerry The Troublesome Tyke series. This ended with 'And That's All!'. [PAR] Many other characters have uttered the line since, in both the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series. Notable amongst these was Porky Pig. His stuttered 'Th-th-th-that's all folks!' is the best remembered version of the line. [PAR] The voice behind many of these characters, including Porky Pig, was Mel Blanc - probably the best-known voice actor and the person who virtually invented that medium. His grave marker includes what has become one of the best-known of all epitaphs - 'That's All Folks',"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Sri Lanka - Originally known as Heladiva - Ceylon History of Sri Lanka - Originally known as Heladiva - Ceylon [PAR] History of Sri Lanka [PAR] About Mahavamsa | Mahavamsa Chapters | Mahavamsa Simplified [PAR] Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. known as Ceylon before 1972 is an island nation in South Asia, located about 31 kilometers (18\u00bd mi) off the southern coast of India. Originally known as Heladiva, it is home to around twenty million people. [PAR] Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia and has been a centre of Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times. Today, Sri Lanka is a multi-religious and multi-ethnic nation, with a fifth of the population following faiths other than Buddhism \u2013 notably Hinduism, Christianity and Islam. The Sinhalese community forms the majority of the population (around 78%), with Tamils, who are mostly concentrated in the north and east of the island, forming the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include the Muslim Moors and Malays as well as Burghers. English is widely spoken and is studied as a compulsory secondary language in school. [PAR] Island has a pleasant tropical climate and average temperature of the low lands ranges between 25-30 degrees Celsius. Famous for the production and export of tea, coffee, rubber and coconuts, Sri Lanka boasts a progressive and modern industrial economy. The natural beauty of Sri Lanka\u2019s tropical forests, beaches and landscape, as well as its rich cultural heritage make it a world famous tourist destination. [PAR] Sri Lanka\u2019s Per Capita GDP is presently US$ 900 \u2013 the highest in South Asia and the Literacy rate is 92% \u2013 the highest in South Asia and second highest in Asia. According to the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) Forecast 1998, Sri Lanka\u2019s Business Environment ranks 11th in the region, and 42nd in the world, ahead of India, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and Pakistan. [PAR] After over two thousand years of rule by local kingdoms, parts of Sri Lanka were colonized by Portugal and the Netherlands beginning in the 16th century, before the control of the entire country was ceded to the British Empire in 1815. During World War II Sri Lanka served as an important base for Allied forces in the fight against the Japanese Empire. A nationalist political movement arose in the country in the early 20th century, with the aim of obtaining political independence, which was eventually granted by the British after peaceful negotiations in 1948. Since then Sri Lanka has enjoyed a stable democracy and continuous economic progress, despite the ongoing conflict between the Sri Lankan government and a separatist militant group known as the Tamil Tigers in the northeastern parts of the country. [PAR] [PAR] Naming of Sri Lanka [PAR] Known as Lamka, Lankadeepa, taprobane .. etc [PAR] In ancient times, Sri Lanka was known by a variety of names: ancient Greek geographers called it Taprobane and Arabs referred to it as Serendib (the origin of the word \u201cserendipity\u201d). Ceil\u00e3o was the name given to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese when they arrived on the island in 1505, which was transliterated into English as Ceylon. In 1972, the official name of the country was changed to \u201cFree, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka\u201d whereas the island itself is referred to as lank?va, In 1978 it was changed to \u201cDemocratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka\u201d. [PAR] The current name is derived from Sanskrit word lamk?, meaning \u201cresplendent land\u201d, which was also the name of the island as described in the ancient Indian epics Mahabharata and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Character profile for George Smiley from Tinker, Tailor ... Character profile for George Smiley from Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (page 1) [PAR] [close] George Smiley [PAR] George Smiley is a fictional character created by John le Carr\u00e9. Smiley is an intelligence officer working for MI6 (often referred to as \"the Circus\" in the novels and films), the British overseas intelligence agency. He is a central character in the novels Call for the Dead; A Murder of Quality; Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy; The Honourable Schoolboy; and Smiley's People, and a minor character in a number of others, including The Spy Who Came in From the Cold, The Looking Glass War and The Secret Pilgrim. [PAR] [close] George Smiley is a fictional character created by John le Carr\u00e9. Smiley is an intelligence officer working for MI6 (often referred to as \"the Circus\" in the novels and films), the British overseas intelligence agency. He is a central character in the novels Call for the Dead; A Murder of Quality; Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy; The Honourable Schoolboy; and Smiley's People, and a minor character in a number of others, including The Spy Who Came in From the Cold, The Looking Glass War and The Secret Pilgrim. [PAR] edit descriptions of this character"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel ~ BBC Interview And Life ... Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel ~ BBC Interview And Life Story ~ Come Up And See Me Make Me Smile - YouTube [PAR] Close [PAR] Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel ~ BBC Interview And Life Story ~ Come Up And See Me Make Me Smile [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 30, 2014 [PAR] Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel are an English rock band from the early 1970s. Their music covers a range of styles from pop to progressive rock. [PAR] 'Come up and see me -- Make Me Smile' has to be one of the best tunes of all time! [PAR] Steve Harley is the lead singer of Cockney Rebel. [PAR] Harley talks to Belfield about his life, career and new album..... [PAR] Hear 100's of Exclusive interviews with Alex Belfield @ www.celebrityradio.biz [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Steve Harley Sebastian (Live) HD - YouTube Steve Harley Sebastian (Live) HD - YouTube [PAR] Steve Harley Sebastian (Live) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 16, 2010 [PAR] Steve Harley (born Stephen Malcolm Ronald Nice, 27 February 1951, Deptford, London, England) is an English singer and songwriter, best known for his work with the 1970s rock group Cockney Rebel, with whom he still occasionally tours (albeit with many personnel changes through the years). [PAR] Harley started out playing in bars and clubs in the early 1970s, mainly at folk venues on open-mike nights. He also busked around London on the Underground and in Portobello Road. While auditioning for folk band Odin in 1971, he met violinist John Crocker, with whom he formed Cockney Rebel in late 1972. [PAR] Cockney Rebel went on to release The Human Menagerie and The Psychomodo before splitting up in 1974.However, Harley carried on with drummer Stuart Elliot, renaming the band Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel, with whom he had more success. From the next album, The Best Years of Our Lives, came the number one and million selling single, \"Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me)\" [PAR] Harley had two more hits during the mid 1970s with \"Mr Raffles\" and \"Here Comes the Sun\" which were both Top 20 hits, but he did not have any further major successes, and in the 1980s he all but faded from the public eye, relocating to the United States. He was set to star as the Phantom in the London premiere of The Phantom of the Opera, and recorded the promotional single of the title song, but was surprised to be replaced close to rehearsals by Michael Crawford. [PAR] His songs \"Sebastian\", \"Tumbling Down\", and \"Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me)\" were included in the Todd Haynes 1998 rock musical Velvet Goldmine. The soundtrack album included \"Make Me Smile\", but omitted \"Sebastian\", yet included a cover version of \"Tumbling Down\" with vocals by Jonathan Rhys Myers. \"Make Me Smile\" was also included in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baseball Lingo - Jargon - Predictem.com Baseball Lingo - Jargon [PAR] Baseball Lingo [PAR] Baseball Lingo [PAR] by Predictem.com Staff [PAR] When you talk about baseball, you're talking about America's pasttime. The beloved sport has been played since the late 1800's and is still going strong. [PAR] Over the years, the sport has picked up tons of lingo, jargon, nicknames, slang and acronyms. This article will highlight a good handful of those terms that you may here and have not a clue what the heck they mean. Enjoy! [PAR] 12-6: A curveball [PAR] 1-2-3 inning: When a team gets all three hitters out allowing no walks, errors or hits. [PAR] 4 Bagger: A homerun. The player gets to run around the bases which are aka \"bags\" [PAR] 5 Tool Player: This refers to a baseball player that can hit for power, a high average, has good speed to steal bases, can field his position well and has a strong throwing arm. [PAR] 6-4-3 Double Play: Each position on the field is given a number. 1 is the pitcher, 2 is the catcher, 3 is the first basement, 4 is the second baseman, 5 is the third basemen, 6 is the shortstop, 7 is left field, 8 is center field and 9 is the right fielder. A 6-4-3 double play would mean short to second to first. [PAR] Airmailed: \"He airmailed it\" refers to a high throw over another players head. [PAR] Alley: The area between the outfielders. Also known as \"the gap\". [PAR] Around the Horn: When players throw the ball around to each other after an out. This is only done when there are no runners on base. Traditionally, after a strikeout, the catcher will fire the ball down to third base to get it started. The purpose is to keep the players arms warm. [PAR] Ate Him Up: When a fielder has a problem fielding the ball. Usually on a bad hop. [PAR] Bag: A base. [PAR] Battery: This refers to the pitcher and the catcher. [PAR] Bazooka: This refers to a fielder with a strong throwing arm. [PAR] Bean Ball: When a pitcher hits a batter with the pitch. [PAR] Bender: A curveball. [PAR] Booted: Refers to a player who made an error in the field. \"He booted it\". [PAR] Bottom Dropped Out: This refers to a sinking pitch that dives down as it comes to the hitter. [PAR] Brushback: A pitcher throwing a ball inside to a hitter to keep him off the plate. [PAR] Can of Corn: An easy fly ball caught by a fielder. [PAR] Changeup: A pitch that appears to be a fastball but is lesser in speed. The purpose of throwing a changeup is to keep the hitter off balance and mess with his timing. [PAR] Check Swing: When a player starts to swing but holds it back not crossing the plate. [PAR] Chin Music: A pitch that buzzes a players face. (Is near to) [PAR] Chopper: A ball hit into the dirt around home plate, usually high into the air. [PAR] Cookie: A below average pitch that is easy to hit. [PAR] Cup of Coffee: This refers to a minor league player coming up to the major league club for a short period and then being sent back down to the minors. He was up for \"a cup of coffee\". [PAR] Dead Pull Hitter: A right handed hitter that always hits the ball to the left side of the field OR a left handed hitter that always hits the ball to the right side (1b side) of the field."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rio Rita (1942) - IMDb Rio Rita (1942) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Doc and Wishey run into some Nazi-agents, who want to smuggle bombs into the USA from a Mexican border hotel. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 23 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 22 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 05 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 21 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 13 Jun 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Rio Rita \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Russ Raymond, America's number one crooner, disappears and joins the Navy under the name Tommy Halstead. Dorothy Roberts, a magazine journalist, is intent on finding out what happened to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Arthur Lubin [PAR] Two bumbling magicians help a Middle Eastern prince regain his rightful throne from his despotic uncle. [PAR] Director: Charles Reisner [PAR] Bud and Lou enlist in the army in order to escape being hauled off to jail, and soon find themselves in basic training. To their dismay, the company's drill instructor is none other than ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Arthur Lubin [PAR] Two bumbling service station attendants are left as the sole beneficiaries in a gangster's will. Their trip to claim their fortune is sidetracked when they are stranded in a haunted house ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Arthur Lubin [PAR] Abbott and Costello are two window washers who are mistaken by Nick Craig, a bookie, as the messengers that he sent to pick up $50,000. The person that he sent them to, has sent two of HIS ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Charles Barton [PAR] When a barnstorming stunt pilot decides to join the air corps, his two goofball assistants decide to go with him. Since the two are Abbott & Costello, the air corps doesn't know what it's in for. [PAR] Directors: Arthur Lubin, Ralph Ceder [PAR] Stars: Bud Abbott, Lou Costello, Martha Raye [PAR] Jim \"Lucky\" Moore (Allan Jones), an insurance salesman, comes up with a novel policy for his friend, Steve (Robert Cummings): a 'love insurance policy', that will pay out $1-million if ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: A. Edward Sutherland [PAR] When two bumbling barbers act as agents for a talented but unknown singer, they stage a phony murder in order to get him a plum role. [PAR] Director: S. Sylvan Simon [PAR] Two dumb soda jerks dream of writing radio mysteries. When they try to pitch an idea at a radio station, they end up in the middle of a real murder when the station owner is killed during a broadcast. [PAR] Director: Erle C. Kenton [PAR] Two peanut vendors at a rodeo show get in trouble with their boss and hide out on a railroad train heading west. They get jobs as cowboys on a dude ranch, despite the fact that neither of ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Arthur Lubin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Chase (Series) - TV Tropes The Chase (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] The Chase [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] WMG [PAR] British Game Show hosted by Bradley Walsh. A team of four players, never having met before, have the chance to take home thousands of pounds. There's only one thing standing in their way; the Chaser . The chase is on. [PAR] For the first round, each team member (in turn) builds up cash by answering quick fire trivia questions on a one minute clock. For each correct answer, the player earns \u00a31,000. Then they must take it to the table, where they encounter the Chaser for the first time. Starting three steps ahead of the Chaser, they can take a free step toward home for a reduction in the prize money, or take a step note (Or two on the American Version; see Flawless Victory and Schmuck Bait below) towards the Chaser for an improved prize. [PAR] Then both Chaser and contestant answer multiple-choice trivia questions. If either gets it right, they move a step down the table. The contestant attempts to get home (in which case that money goes into the prize fund), while the Chaser tries to reach the contestant (in which case that player is removed from the game, along with their money). [PAR] In the final round, any team members that have survived their individual chases take part in the Final Chase. On the buzzer, and against a two-minute clock, the team must set as high a mark as they can (gaining an extra step for each member of the team that survived). After they set the mark, the Chaser has the same two minutes to catch the team. If the Chaser gets a question wrong, the team has a chance to move him/her back a space by answering it correctly themselves. If the team is caught, they leave with nothing; otherwise, the surviving team members split the entire prize. [PAR] The original two Chasers were Mark Labbett (\"The Beast\") and Shaun Wallace (\"The Dark Destroyer\"), with Anne Hegerty (\"The Governess\") joining in 2010, followed by Paul Sinha (\"The Sinnerman\") in 2011 and Jenny Ryan (\"The Vixen\") in 2015. All five are renowned quizzers of a similar calibre to Eggheads, including a Mastermind winner in the form of Wallace.note (In fact, all five have competed on Are You an Egghead?, with Wallace reaching the Series 1 final and Hegerty reaching the Series 2 semi-finals; Labbett and Ryan even faced each other in Series 1 (Ryan won), as did Hegerty and Ryan in Series 2 (Hegerty won).) [PAR] An American adaption, with Mark Labbett (promoted as \" The Beast \" as opposed to his real name) as the single Chaser and Brooke Burns hosting was also picked up by GSN. Changes were limited to a 3 man team, a $5,000 a question cashbuilder, occasional six-figure \"Super Offers\"note (If invoked, The Beast offered the player an even higher offer than the \"one step closer to the danger\" option; however, the player had to answer seven questions correctly without getting caught to bank their cash, and a single wrong answer = caught and thrown out if The Beast didn't get any questions wrong..), and a Live Studio Audience . It was cancelled two episodes into it's fifth season, with the network claiming that it was too expensive to continue producing. It's also seen in Britain on the Challenge channel, where it's billed as The Chase USA. [PAR] The Chase Australia began"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur James Balfour - British history and tourist information Arthur James Balfour [PAR] InfoBritain - Travel Through History In The UK : [PAR] Arthur James Balfour [PAR] Arthur James Balfour [PAR] Prime Minister 1902 - 1906 [PAR] The long dominance of certain families in British political history is one of its most remarkable aspects. The family of Arthur Balfour, prime minister 1902 - 1906, were an ancient Scottish dynasty who had long been prominent in politics. Balfours had fought with Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn . Arthur Balfour's grand father James was a direct descendent of King Robert II (1371 -90) , who was son in law of Robert the Bruce. His son James Balfour continued the tradition of family power by marrying Lady Blanche Gascoyne Cecil, a member of the Cecil family who had been prominent in politics since the reign of Elizabeth I. Following James Balfour's early death in 1856, it was the formidable Blanche who brought up her son Arthur, along with his four brothers and three sisters. [PAR] Arthur Balfour was born 25th July 1848. He was educated initially at home by his energetic and clever mother, then at Grange School in Hertfordshire, then at Eton , before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge . At Cambridge Balfour wanted to be a philosopher. But in truth he was average academically. During a responsibility free period following university, he did write a philosophical work, A Defence of Philosophical Doubt, but it had to be published at his own expense. The reviews were polite, as was thought fitting when the author was so socially distinguished. This lack of real writing talent, was combined with the advice of his mother, that his privileged position in life carried responsibilities. The result was that Balfour, charming, luxury loving and debonair, entered the hard world of politics, elected MP for Hertford in 1874. He went to work for his his mother's famous father Lord Salisbury , who was to become prime minister in 1885. Kenneth Young in The Prime Ministers writes that Balfour learnt from his uncle \"never to be self deceiving whoever else had to be deceived\" (Vol2 P169). Biographers might ascribe achievements to politicians - keeping Ireland on an even keel during Balfour's time as secretary of state for Ireland for example. But it is often difficult to get an exact link between what happens and the politician who is supposed to have brought events about. Politicians are often very skilled at getting themselves associated with things that work, and distancing themselves from things that don't. Perhaps Balfour kept Ireland pacified with his policies of land drainage, and his personal bravery. Maybe Ireland just happened to be relatively peaceful during Balfour's time there. Maybe when he succeeded Salisbury as prime minister in 1902 Balfour reformed the army and navy; and single handedly transformed the education system, creating free primary and secondary education, and numerous new universities. On the other hand Balfour may only have managed what was ready to happen. Long after his years as prime minister, Balfour continued to serve as a foreign minister in governments during the First World War . His time as foreign minister is often recalled in the \"Balfour Convention\" of 1917 which created the state of Israel. The name of the convention suggests that Balfour willed Israel into being. This isn't so. He as foreign secretary merely signed the declaration. But the appearance is one of a man who can create nations out of the desert. [PAR] [PAR] Waddesdon - home of Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild, There are copies of letters on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] You & Your Hormones | Hormones | Prolactin You & Your Hormones | Hormones | Prolactin [PAR] You & Your Hormones [PAR] Email article to a friend | Last updated: March 31, 2015 [PAR] Prolactin is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland, named because of its role in lactation. It also has other wide ranging functions in the body from acting on the reproductive system to influencing behaviour and regulating the immune system. [PAR] Alternative names for prolactin [PAR] In everyday language, prolactin is referred to as the \u2018milk hormone\u2019; PRL; luteotropic hormone; LTH. [PAR] What is prolactin? [PAR] Prolactin is a hormone named originally after its function to promote milk production (lactation) in mammals in response to the suckling of young after birth. It has since been shown to have more than 300 functions in the body. These can be divided into a number of areas: reproductive, metabolic, regulation of fluids (osmoregulation), regulation of the immune system (immunoregulation) and behavioural functions. [PAR] In humans, prolactin is produced both in the front portion of the pituitary gland (anterior pituitary gland) and in a range of sites elsewhere in the body. Lactotroph cells in the pituitary gland produce prolactin, where it is stored in small containers called vesicles. Prolactin is released into the bloodstream by a process called exocytosis. Human prolactin is also produced in the uterus, immune cells, brain, breasts, prostate, skin and adipose tissue . [PAR] How is prolactin controlled? [PAR] One of the main regulators of the production of prolactin from the pituitary gland is the hormone called dopamine, which is produced by the hypothalamus , the part of the brain directly above the pituitary gland. Dopamine restrains prolactin production, so the more dopamine there is, the less prolactin is released. Prolactin itself enhances the secretion of dopamine, so this creates a negative feedback loop. [PAR] Oestrogen is another key regulator of prolactin and has been shown to increase the production and secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Studies have shown small increases in prolactin in the blood circulation of women during stages of their reproductive cycle where oestrogen levels are at their highest. This is also the case during and after pregnancy, which makes sense, since a higher level of circulating prolactin is needed to cause lactation to start. [PAR] In addition to dopamine and oestrogen, a whole range of other hormones can both increase and decrease the amount of prolactin released in the body, with some examples being thyrotropin-releasing hormone , oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone . [PAR] What happens if I have too much prolactin? [PAR] The condition of having too much prolactin circulating in the blood is called hyperprolactinaemia. The most common causes of hyperprolactinaemia include pregnancy, medications that reduce dopamine action in the body, thyroid underactivity and benign pituitary tumours (known as prolactinomas). Symptoms can include the unwanted production of milk, disturbances to the menstrual cycle and symptoms due to oestrogen deficiency (in women) or testosterone deficiency (in men). The vast majority of patients with a prolactinoma can be treated successfully using drugs which mimic the action of dopamine. The most commonly used is cabergoline. [PAR] What happens if I have too little prolactin? [PAR] The condition of having too little prolactin circulating in the blood is called hypoprolactinaemia. This condition is very rare and may occur in people with pituitary underactivity. [PAR] A decrease in the amount of prolactin secreted can lead to insufficient milk being produced after giving birth. Most people with low prolactin levels do not have any specific medical problems, although preliminary evidence suggests they might"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fugu: The fish more poisonous than cyanide - BBC News Fugu: The fish more poisonous than cyanide - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Fugu: The fish more poisonous than cyanide [PAR] By Roland Buerk BBC News, Tokyo [PAR] 18 May 2012 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] The Japanese delicacy fugu, or blowfish, is so poisonous that the smallest mistake in its preparation could be fatal. But Tokyo's city government is planning to ease restrictions that allow only highly trained and licensed chefs to serve the dish. [PAR] Kunio Miura always uses his special knives to prepare fugu - wooden-handled with blades tempered by a swordsmith to a keen edge. Before he starts work in his kitchen they are brought to him by an assistant, carefully stored in a special box. [PAR] Miura-san, as he is respectfully known, has been cutting up blowfish for 60 years but still approaches the task with caution. A single mistake could mean death for a customer. [PAR] Fugu is an expensive delicacy in Japan and the restaurants that serve it are among the finest in the country. In Miura-san's establishment a meal starts at $120 (\u00a376) a head, but people are willing to pay for the assurance of the fugu chef licence mounted on his wall, yellowed now with age. He is one of a select guild authorised by Tokyo's city government to serve the dish. [PAR] When he begins work the process is swift, and mercifully out of sight of the surviving fugu swimming in their tank by the restaurant door. [PAR] Media captionRoland Buerk watches chef Kunio Miura prepare the fugu [PAR] First he lays the despatched fish, rather square of body with stubby fins, on its stomach and cuts open the head to removes its brain and eyes. [PAR] They are carefully placed in a metal tray marked \"non-edible\". Then he removes the skin, greenish and mottled on the top and sides, white underneath, and starts cutting at the guts. [PAR] \"This is the most poisonous part,\" he says pulling out the ovaries. But the liver and intestines are potentially lethal too. \"People say it is 200 times more deadly than cyanide.\" [PAR] Tetrodotoxin poisoning [PAR] Numbness around the mouth followed by paralysis and death by respiratory failure - the victim remaining conscious throughout [PAR] First recorded case found in the logs of Captain Cook in 1774, after crew members ate the fish [PAR] Tetrodotoxin is named after the Tetraodontiformes order of fish, which includes blowfish [PAR] It is also found in blue-ringed octopuses, some toads, newts and other animals [PAR] Twenty-three people have died in Japan after eating fugu since 2000, according to government figures. Most of the victims are anglers who rashly try to prepare their catch at home. A spokesman for the Health and Welfare Ministry struggles to think of a single fatality in a restaurant, though last year a woman was hospitalised after eating a trace of fugu liver in one of Tokyo's top restaurants - not Miura-san's. [PAR] Tetrodotoxin poisoning has been described as \"rapid and violent\", first a numbness around the mouth, then paralysis, finally death. The unfortunate diner remains conscious to the end. There is no antidote. [PAR] \"This would be enough to kill you,\" Miura-san says, slicing off a tiny sliver of fugu ovary and holding it up. Then he carefully checks the poisonous organs on the tray, making sure he has accounted for every one, and tips them into a metal drum locked with a padlock. They will be taken to Tokyo's main fish-market and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob the Builder - CBBC on Choice Wikia - Wikia Bob the Builder | CBBC on Choice Wikia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] CBBC on Choice Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Bob the Builder is a British children's animated television show created by Keith Chapman. In the original series Bob appears as a building contractor specializing in masonry in a stop motion animated programme with his colleague Wendy, various neighbours and friends, and their gang of anthropomorphised work-vehicles and equipment (all made of clay). The show is broadcast in many countries, but originates from the United Kingdom where Bob is voiced by English actor Neil Morrissey. The show was later created using CGI animation starting with the spin-off series Ready, Steady, Build!. [PAR] In each episode, Bob and his group help with renovations, construction, and repairs and with other projects as needed. The show emphasizes conflict resolution, co-operation, socialization and various learning skills. Bob's catchphrase is \"Can we fix it?\", to which the other characters respond with \"Yes we can!\" This phrase is also the title of the show's theme song, which was a million-selling number one hit in the UK. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Bob the Builder was nominated in the BAFTA \"Pre-school animation\" category from 1999 to 2009 FR3,RTE and BBC/CBeebies, and 2016-pre TF1,SRG and Channel 5 \"Children's Animation\" category in 2003 for the special episode \"A Christmas to Remember\".[3] Of the show's success, Sarah Ball said: [PAR] Bob the Builder has been parodied by Robot Chicken in the episode \"More Blood, More Chocolate\", and by Comedy Inc. as Bodgy Builder. [PAR] Bob was also parodied on Cartoon Network's MAD in the episode \"S'UP / Mouse M.D.\" In the episode when Mickey Mouse portrays Gregory House he goes to perform surgery on Bob who smashed his thumb asking similar to his famous catchphrase \"Can we fix it?\" Mickey then replies no and orders for it to be amputated. He later appears in another episode when Bob interacts with Manny from Handy Manny after they get into a fender bender and get into an argument with Bob saying \"Stop copying my show!\" He leaves then someone tells Manny he just got built. In another episode, \"Kung Fu Blander / Destroy Bob the Builder Destroy\", Mad parodies Bob the Builder and Destroy Build Destroy. In the episode, Andrew W.K. of Destroy Build Destroy, is portrayed as being a jerk towards Bob. Andrew destroys everything Bob builds. In the end, Bob transforms his construction vehicles into Build-Tron (a parody of Voltron). A New Yorker cartoon shows a parent in a toy store asking for toys depicting Alex the Architect, supposedly a white-collar equivalent to Bob the Builder. [PAR] Some have complained about technical errors and lack of proper safety practices in the programme, especially the absence of protective eyewear.[5] However, in later episodes, Bob is seen using safety glasses. [PAR] Characters [PAR] Edit [PAR] Bob the Builder (catchphrase: \"Can we fix it?\") is a General Contractor [PAR] and head of his own construction yard based in Bobsville and later in Sunflower Valley and now Fixham Harbour. Bob is from a family of builders - his father Robert is also a builder and so was his grandfather Billy. He is assisted by Wendy and a host of anthropomorphic vehicles in various projects in and around the town. He is the owner of Pilchard the Cat and he is not good with computers. Some of the problems in the show arise from Bob's habit of forgetting to turn his mobile phone on. Bob is voiced by Neil Morrissey in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana & Vajrayana ... The Branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana & Vajrayana - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] The Branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana & Vajrayana [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: The Dalai Lama: Tibetan Buddhism [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:01 Branches of Buddhism [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. [PAR] Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. [PAR] Personalize: [PAR] Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. [PAR] Organize: [PAR] Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. [PAR] Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. [PAR] Teacher Edition: [PAR] Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the \"Teacher\" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your \"Teacher\" tab. [PAR] Premium Edition: [PAR] You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. [PAR] Create an account to start this course today [PAR] Try it free for 5 days! [PAR] Lesson Transcript [PAR] Instructor: Jessica Whittemore [PAR] Jessica has taught junior high History and college seminar courses. She has a master's degree in Education. [PAR] This lesson will explore the three main branches of Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. It will also highlight Pure Land and Tantric Buddhism, as well as the belief in nirvana and the bodhisattva. [PAR] Branches of Buddhism [PAR] Most world religions have different sects or branches, each with their own school of thought. For instance, Christianity has Lutheranism and Evangelicalism, while Islam has their Sunni and Shiites. Similarly, Buddhism can be broken down into three main schools. They are Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Vajrayana Buddhism. In today's lesson, we'll explore these main branches of this faith. [PAR] Theravada [PAR] Being that it's the most conservative, or orthodox, branch of Buddhism, we'll start with Theravada Buddhism. Being a very strict, more monastic branch of Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism holds most firmly to the original"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Midas Curse | Article about Midas Curse by The Free Dictionary Midas Curse | Article about Midas Curse by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Midas Curse | Article about Midas Curse by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Midas+Curse [PAR] Related to Midas Curse: the Midas touch [PAR] Midas [PAR] (m\u012b`d\u0259s), in Greek mythology, king of Phrygia. Because he befriended Silenus, the oldest of the satyrs, Dionysus granted him the power to turn everything into gold by touch. But when even the food that he touched turned to gold, Midas begged to be relieved of his gift. Dionysus allowed him to wash away his power in the Pactolus River, which afterward had gold-bearing sands. In another legend Midas was given ass's ears by Apollo for preferring, in a contest, the music of Pan (in another account Marsyas) to that of Apollo. Midas preserved his shame from all but his barber, who, wishing to tell it, whispered it into a hole in the ground. The reeds that grew out of that hole, however, murmured the secret whenever the wind blew through them. There was also a historical king of Phrygia named Midas in the 8th cent. B.C. [PAR] Midas[DOC] [TLE] King Midas - Infoplease Midas [PAR] Encyclopedia > Literature and the Arts > Classical Literature, Mythology, and Folklore > Folklore and Mythology [PAR] Midas [PAR] Midas (m\u012a\u02c8d\u0259s) [ key ], in Greek mythology, king of Phrygia. Because he befriended Silenus, the oldest of the satyrs, Dionysus granted him the power to turn everything into gold by touch. But when even the food that he touched turned to gold, Midas begged to be relieved of his gift. Dionysus allowed him to wash away his power in the Pactolus River, which afterward had gold-bearing sands. In another legend Midas was given ass's ears by Apollo for preferring, in a contest, the music of Pan (in another account Marsyas) to that of Apollo. Midas preserved his shame from all but his barber, who, wishing to tell it, whispered it into a hole in the ground. The reeds that grew out of that hole, however, murmured the secret whenever the wind blew through them. There was also a historical king of Phrygia named Midas in the 8th cent. B.C. [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Peel - Disc Jockey - Biography.com John Peel - Disc Jockey - Biography.com [PAR] Disc Jockey [PAR] Radio disc jockey and presenter John Peel fueled the British independent music scene by debuting such performers as David Bowie, Joy Division and the Smiths. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous British People [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] John Peel was born August 30, 1939 in Heswall, England. in 1959 he went to America and became a disc jockey for Radio WRR in Dallas. He returned to England in 1967 and joined pirate radio station Radio London, presenting a late night show. Later that year he began a long career with Radio 1, hosting a number of shows including Top Gear. 1998\u20132004 he presented Radio 4's popular Home Truths. [PAR] Profile [PAR] Radio disc jockey and presenter who fueled the independent music scene in England by debuting such performers as David Bowie, Joy Division, and the Smiths. John Peel was born on August 30, 1939 in Heswall, Merseyside, NW England, United Kingdom. He was educated at Shrewsbury School, and after completing his national service (1957\u20139) he went to America and became a disc jockey for Radio WRR in Dallas. He returned to England in 1967 and joined pirate radio station Radio London for a time, presenting a late night show The Perfumed Garden where he championed British underground bands such as Pink Floyd. [PAR] Later that year John Peel began a long career with Radio 1, hosting a number of shows including Top Gear. He was one of the only BBC disc jockeys to have complete creative control over his playlists, and bands flooded his mailbox with demo tapes and requested to be featured on his legendary \"Peel Sessions\" live sets. From 1998 to 2004 he presented Radio 4's popular Home Truths, which won four Sony Radio awards in 1999. His many other awards include Melody Maker's DJ of the Year on 11 occasions and the honorary gold Sony radio award in 2002. At the time of his death on October 25, 2004, while on holiday in Peru, he was working on his autobiography. The book, John Peel: Margrave of the Marshes, was completed by his wife and family and published in 2005. In October that year, John Peel Day marked the first anniversary of his death with over 300 concerts taking place around the world in his honor. He was posthumously made an honorary member of the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004. His son, Tom Ravenscroft, a music journalist, began hosting his own internet music show on BBC Channel 4 Radio in 2006. [PAR] Fact Check [PAR] We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! [PAR] Citation Information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In clinical psychiatry, what does the term \"dipsomania ... In clinical psychiatry, what does the term \"dipsomania\" mean? | eNotes [PAR] In clinical psychiatry, what does the term \"dipsomania\" mean? [PAR] Lori Steinbach | High School Teacher | (Level 3) Distinguished Educator [PAR] Posted on [PAR] May 12, 2014 at 3:53 PM [PAR] The word dipsomania is derived from the Greek words dipso-, meaning thirst, and of course -mania, which refers to a kind of uncontrollable emotional excitement. In short, then, dipsomania is defined as sporadic bursts of uncontrollable cravings for alcohol. [PAR] The term first became famous rather by accident. In the preface of a medical book written by Dr. C. von Br\u00fchl-Cramer, one translator took the doctor's word, trunksucht, and translated it as dipsomania. That is the word that has \"stuck\" both in the medical and the psychiatric worlds as the accepted term for this phenomenon. [PAR] Br\u00fchl-Cramer characterized dipsomania as being different than chronic alcoholism. Those suffering from this illness are habitual drinkers but in a less predictable way. Dipsomaniacs imbibe alcohol in acute cycles; in other words, they are often able to live relatively normal lives until they are struck by a manic craving for alcohol. Then they are compelled to drink until the mania passes, going on to live their lives in as normal a fashion as possible. Of course Br\u00fchl-Cramer also notes that \"normal\" life for these sporadic drinkers is often plagued with dissociation from emotional or other connections. And eventually, of course, the problems associated with this kind of behavior are certain to grow and worsen. [PAR] This work by Br\u00fchl-Cramer was helpful in addressing the concerns about alcohol at a time, the nineteenth century, when habitual drunkenness was a serious social and economic concern. [PAR] Br\u00fchl-Cramer, in this research and this book, were [PAR] part of an effort of medical professionals and reformers to change attitudes about habitual drunkenness from being a criminally punishable vice to being a medically treatable disease. [PAR] Based on this \"diagnosis\" of a medical condition, the medical and psychiatric professionals were eventually able to transform the way society thought about alcohol abuse and the alcoholics who abused it. As a result, by the end of that century a new awareness about the dire need for systemic prevention and cures for social illnesses like this one was born. [PAR] This specific term is still used in some settings, such as movies or books about dissolute characters who live \"normal\" lives but then ruin them with their manic drinking episodes (think Nicolas Cage in Leaving Las Vegas). More often, however, we familiarly call this behavior binge drinking. Technically this is probably not correct, as drinking with the sole purpose of getting drunk might be a choice rather than a compulsion, which is the case for those suffering from dipsomania. [PAR] In any case, dipsomania is an identifiable disease by both the medical and mental health professions. [PAR] Sources:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lillehammer 1994: Winter Olympic Host City - Topend Sports Lillehammer 1994: Winter Olympic Host City [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Winter > Hosts > Lillehammer [PAR] Host City: Lillehammer 1994 [PAR] The 17th Winter Olympic Games were held in Lillehammer, Norway, in 1994, between Feb 12-27. This was two years after the previous Winter Games in Albertville , and thus ended the four-year Olympic cycle of staging both Winter and Summer Games in the same year, and began a new schedule of the Winter and Summer Games to alternate every two years. In Lillehammer, 67 Nations with 1739 participants competed in 61 events. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Swiss Vreni Schneider, whose herniated disk had kept her from winning anything at the previous Games in 1992, won medals in all three alpine skiing events, bringing her total to five. [PAR] The figure-skating competition was dominated by the events of Tonya and Nancy. Nancy Kerrigan won the silver behind Ukraine's Oksana Baiul, after her knee had been smashed in by one of fellow American Tonya Harding's henchmen. [PAR] In speed skating, Norway's Johann Olav Koss won three gold medals, setting a world record in each event. [PAR] Bonnie Blair of the USA won two speed skating gold medals, which made her America's most successful Olympic woman with five gold medals from three Games. [PAR] Lyubov Yegorova of Russia won three cross-country skiing gold medals to match the Soviet speed skater Lydia Skoblikova's Olympic record of six gold medals (All of Skoblikova's golds were from individual events while two of Yegorova's golds were from relays). [PAR] Share:[DOC] [TLE] 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games | Olympics at Sports ... 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games [PAR] Host City: Lillehammer, Norway (February 12, 1994 to February 27, 1994) [PAR] Opening Ceremony: February 12, 1994 (opened by King Harald) [PAR] Takers of the Olympic Oath: Vegard Ulvang (athlete) and Kari K\u00e5ring (official) [PAR] Closing Ceremony: February 27, 1994 [PAR] Events: 61 in 12 sports [PAR] Participants: 1,738 (1,215 men and 522 women) from 67 countries [PAR] Youngest Participant: [PAR] Kim Yun-Mi (13 years, 83 days) [PAR] Oldest Participant: [PAR] Dino Crescentini (46 years, 151 days) [PAR] Most Medals (Athlete): [PAR] Norway (26 medals) [PAR] Overview [PAR] Before the Lillehammer Olympics began, they were haunted by tragedy and controversy. There was the [Nancy Kerrigan]-[Tonya Harding] story, in which Harding's bodyguard and ex-husband admitted to attacking Kerrigan prior to the U.S. Olympic Trials, a story which was ubiquitous in the U.S. press and television. Two weeks before the Olympics, skiing medal favorite [Ulrike Maier] of Austria was killed when she fell and broke her neck in a downhill race. U.S. ice dancer [Elizabeth Punsalan]'s father was savagely stabbed to death one week before the Olympics; allegedly by her brother and his son. For the Norwegians, they were stunned in October 1993 when their greatest sporting hero, [Vegard Ulvang], tragically lost his brother [Kjetil], who was killed in the Arctic wilderness while skiing. They also had to deal with the death of the Norwegian ski coach in December 1993. Finally, only days before the Games, [Ole Gunnar Fidjest\u00f8l], the Norwegian ski jumper who was to ski jump the torch into the stadium at the opening ceremonies, crashed during a practice jump, sustaining a concussion. He had to be replaced by his understudy, Stein Gruben. Lillehammer seemed to be cursed. [PAR] \u00bb Click to show/hide rest of overview [PAR] And tragically, Lillehammer was haunted by the recent news from its sister Olympic Winter city of a decade ago, Sarajevo. Sarajevo, which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spartacus (1960) - IMDb Spartacus (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The slave Spartacus leads a violent revolt against the decadent Roman Republic. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Dalton Trumbo (screenplay), Howard Fast (based on the novel by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 19 Feb 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 04 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 21 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 images [PAR] created 16 Apr 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Spartacus \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 6 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A middle-aged college professor becomes infatuated with a fourteen-year-old nymphet. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Crooks plan and execute a daring race-track robbery. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] After refusing to attack an enemy position, a general accuses the soldiers of cowardice and their commanding officer must defend them. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] An Irish rogue wins the heart of a rich widow and assumes her dead husband's aristocratic position in 18th-century England. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Ready to catch a train to his hometown, a washed up boxer tells us about the strange and twisty events that happened to him the past couple of days. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A New York City doctor, who is married to an art curator, pushes himself on a harrowing and dangerous night-long odyssey of sexual and moral discovery after his wife admits that she once almost cheated on him. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Four soldiers trapped behind enemy lines must confront their fears and desires. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] The Egyptian Prince, Moses, learns of his true heritage as a Hebrew and his divine mission as the deliverer of his people. [PAR] Director: Cecil B. DeMille [PAR] When a Jewish prince is betrayed and sent into slavery by a Roman friend, he regains his freedom and comes back for revenge. [PAR] Director: William Wyler [PAR] An insane general triggers a path to nuclear holocaust that a war room full of politicians and generals frantically try to stop. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] In Africa during World War I, a gin-swilling riverboat captain is persuaded by a strait-laced missionary to use his boat to attack an enemy warship. [PAR] Director: John Huston [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In 73 BCE, a Thracian slave leads a revolt at a gladiatorial school run by Lentulus Batiatus. The uprising soon spreads across the Italian Peninsula involving thousand of slaves. The plan is to acquire sufficient funds to acquire ships from Silesian pirates who could then transport them to other lands from Brandisium in the south. The Roman Senator Gracchus schemes to have Marcus Publius Glabrus, Commander of the garrison of Rome,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Intestines (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function ... The Intestines (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Location, Parts, Definition, and Conditions [PAR] Next [PAR] The intestines are a long, continuous tube running from the stomach to the anus. Most absorption of nutrients and water happen in the intestines. The intestines include the small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. [PAR] The small intestine (small bowel) is about 20 feet long and about an inch in diameter. Its job is to absorb most of the nutrients from what we eat and drink. Velvety tissue lines the small intestine, which is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. [PAR] The large intestine (colon or large bowel) is about 5 feet long and about 3 inches in diameter. The colon absorbs water from wastes, creating stool. As stool enters the rectum, nerves there create the urge to defecate. [PAR] Intestine Conditions [PAR] Stomach flu (enteritis): Inflammation of the small intestine. Infections (from viruses, bacteria, or parasites) are the common cause. [PAR] Small intestine cancer : Rarely, cancer may affect the small intestine. There are multiple types of small intestine cancer, causing about 1,100 deaths each year. [PAR] Celiac disease : An \"allergy\" to gluten (a protein in most breads) causes the small intestine not to absorb nutrients properly. Abdominal pain and weight loss are usual symptoms. [PAR] Carcinoid tumor : A benign or malignant growth in the small intestine. Diarrhea and skin flushing are the most common symptoms. [PAR] Intestinal obstruction : A section of either the small or large bowel can become blocked or twisted or just stop working. Belly distension, pain, constipation, and vomiting are symptoms. [PAR] Colitis : Inflammation of the colon. Inflammatory bowel disease or infections are the most common causes. [PAR] Diverticulosis : Small weak areas in the colon's muscular wall allow the colon's lining to protrude through, forming tiny pouches called diverticuli. Diverticuli usually cause no problems, but can bleed or become inflamed. [PAR] Diverticulitis : When diverticuli become inflamed or infected, diverticulitis results. Abdominal pain and constipation are common symptoms. [PAR] Colon bleeding (hemorrhage): Multiple potential colon problems can cause bleeding. Rapid bleeding is visible in the stool, but very slow bleeding might not be. [PAR] Inflammatory bowel disease : A name for either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Both conditions can cause colon inflammation (colitis). [PAR] Crohn's disease : An inflammatory condition that usually affects the colon and intestines. Abdominal pain and diarrhea (which may be bloody) are symptoms. [PAR] Ulcerative colitis : An inflammatory condition that usually affects the colon and rectum. Like Crohn's disease, bloody diarrhea is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis. [PAR] Diarrhea : Stools that are frequent, loose, or watery are commonly called diarrhea. Most diarrhea is due to self-limited, mild infections of the colon or small intestine. [PAR] Salmonellosis : Salmonella bacteria can contaminate food and infect the intestine. Salmonella causes diarrhea and stomach cramps, which usually resolve without treatment. [PAR] Shigellosis : Shigella bacteria can contaminate food and infect the intestine. Symptoms include fever, stomach cramps, and diarrhea, which may be bloody. [PAR] Traveler's diarrhea : Many different bacteria commonly contaminate water or food in developing countries. Loose stools, sometimes with nausea and fever, are symptoms. [PAR] Colon polyps : Polyps are growths inside the colon. Colon cancer can often develop in these tumors after many years. [PAR] Colon cancer : Cancer of the colon affects more than 100,000 Americans each year. Most colon cancer is preventable through regular screening. [PAR] Rectal cancer : Colon and rectal cancer are similar in prognosis and treatment. Doctors often consider them together as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biotechnology Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) | USDA Biotechnology Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) [PAR] 1. What is Agricultural Biotechnology? [PAR] Agricultural biotechnology is a range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques, that alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants or animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses. Modern biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering. [PAR] 2. How is Agricultural Biotechnology being used? [PAR] Biotechnology provides farmers with tools that can make production cheaper and more manageable. For example, some biotechnology crops can be engineered to tolerate specific herbicides, which make weed control simpler and more efficient. Other crops have been engineered to be resistant to specific plant diseases and insect pests, which can make pest control more reliable and effective, and/or can decrease the use of synthetic pesticides. These crop production options can help countries keep pace with demands for food while reducing production costs. A number of biotechnology-derived crops that have been deregulated by the USDA and reviewed for food safety by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been adopted by growers. [PAR] Many other types of crops are now in the research and development stages. While it is not possible to know exactly which will come to fruition, certainly biotechnology will have highly varied uses for agriculture in the future. Advances in biotechnology may provide consumers with foods that are nutritionally-enriched or longer-lasting, or that contain lower levels of certain naturally occurring toxicants present in some food plants. Developers are using biotechnology to try to reduce saturated fats in cooking oils, reduce allergens in foods, and increase disease-fighting nutrients in foods. They are also researching ways to use genetically engineered crops in the production of new medicines, which may lead to a new plant-made pharmaceutical industry that could reduce the costs of production using a sustainable resource. [PAR] Genetically engineered plants are also being developed for a purpose known as phytoremediation in which the plants detoxify pollutants in the soil or absorb and accumulate polluting substances out of the soil so that the plants may be harvested and disposed of safely. In either case the result is improved soil quality at a polluted site. Biotechnology may also be used to conserve natural resources, enable animals to more effectively use nutrients present in feed, decrease nutrient runoff into rivers and bays, and help meet the increasing world food and land demands. Researchers are at work to produce hardier crops that will flourish in even the harshest environments and that will require less fuel, labor, fertilizer, and water, helping to decrease the pressures on land and wildlife habitats. [PAR] In addition to genetically engineered crops, biotechnology has helped make other improvements in agriculture not involving plants. Examples of such advances include making antibiotic production more efficient through microbial fermentation and producing new animal vaccines through genetic engineering for diseases such as foot and mouth disease and rabies. [PAR] 3. What are the benefits of Agricultural Biotechnology? [PAR] The application of biotechnology in agriculture has resulted in benefits to farmers, producers, and consumers. Biotechnology has helped to make both insect pest control and weed management safer and easier while safeguarding crops against disease. [PAR] For example, genetically engineered insect-resistant cotton has allowed for a significant reduction in the use of persistent, synthetic pesticides that may contaminate groundwater and the environment. [PAR] In terms of improved weed control, herbicide-tolerant soybeans, cotton, and corn enable the use of reduced-risk herbicides that break down more quickly in soil and are non-toxic to wildlife and humans. Herbicide-tolerant"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maryland Capital - Annapolis Maryland Capital - Annapolis [PAR] ANNAPOLIS [PAR] Annapolis is the State capital of Maryland. Toward the end of the Revolutionary War, the city also served as capital to the newly forming American nation when the Continental Congress met in Annapolis from November 26, 1783 to June 3, 1784. Here too, on January 14, 1784, the Treaty of Paris , ending the Revolutionary War, was ratified by Congress. [PAR] State House (from Francis St.), Annapolis, Maryland, February 2014. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. [PAR] In September 1786, the Annapolis Convention met to discuss revisions to the Articles of Confederation. The Convention's call for a further meeting led to the assembling of delegates at Philadelphia the following year to draft the U.S. Constitution. [PAR] In modern times, Annapolis continues to host important meetings. On November 27, 2007, the Middle East Peace Conference was held at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. From June 17-18, 2008, the U.S. Naval Academy again hosted an international conference, the U.S. - China Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) IV. [PAR] City Dock, Annapolis, Maryland, September 2008. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. [PAR] Located on the Severn River in Anne Arundel County , Annapolis is not only the center of Maryland government but also home to the U.S. Naval Academy , and St. John's College whose curriculum is based upon the study of the classics. [PAR] McDowell Hall, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, April 2005. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. [PAR] From the founding of Maryland in 1634, however, St. Mary's City was the first seat of Maryland's colonial government, not Annapolis. (In southern Maryland, Historic St. Mary's City can be visited today in St. Mary's County. ) As the population of Maryland grew, St. Mary's City, near the southernmost tip of St. Mary's County, proved too distant for most of the colony's inhabitants. Consequently, in 1694, the General Assembly designated Anne Arundel Town, midway up Chesapeake Bay, as the new capital and, in February 1694/5, the government moved there. [PAR] U.S. Naval Academy grounds, Annapolis, Maryland, May 2000. Photo by Diane F. Evartt. [PAR] After Queen Mary's death in December 1694, Anne Arundel Town was renamed Annapolis for her sister, the heiress apparent, Princess Anne. As Queen Anne (1665-1714) of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Anne ascended the throne in 1702. In 1707, she became Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, which she ruled until her death. [PAR] In the name of Queen Anne, Royal Governor John Seymour granted to the City of Annapolis a municipal charter on November 22, 1708. Annapolis celebrated its three centuries of history in 2008. [PAR] Centered in Maryland on the Western Shore, Annapolis lies 25 miles south of Baltimore and 30 miles east of Washington, DC. [PAR] Sailboats, Back Creek, Annapolis, Maryland, October 2008. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.[DOC] [TLE] Maryland: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag ... Maryland: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag, Tree, Geography, Symbols [PAR] Nicknames: Free State; Old Line State [PAR] Origin of name: In honor of Henrietta Maria (queen of Charles I of England) [PAR] 10 largest cities (2012): Baltimore , 621,342; Columbia 99,615; Germantown 86,395; Silver Spring 71,452; Waldorf 67,752; Glen Burnie 67,639; Frederick , 66,382; Ellicott City 65,834; Dundalk 63,597; Rockville , 63,244 [PAR] Land area: 9,774 sq mi. (25,315 sq km) [PAR] Geographic center: In Prince Georges Co., 41/2 mi. NW of Davidsonville [PAR] Number of counties: 23, and 1 independent city [PAR] Largest county by population and area: Montgomery, 971,777 (2010); Frederick, 663 sq mi. [PAR] State forests: 7 (136,907 ac.) [PAR] State parks: 40 (90,239 ac.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When is a pilchard not a pilchard? When ... - The Independent When is a pilchard not a pilchard? When it's a sardine! Sales of the once-neglected fish are booming, thanks to rebranding | The Independent [PAR] News [PAR] When is a pilchard not a pilchard? When it's a sardine! Sales of the once-neglected fish are booming, thanks to rebranding [PAR] Waitrose has reported a 19 per cent rise in sales of the once-forgotten fish, while high-end restaurants have put them back on the menu [PAR] Sunday 2 November 2014 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] Indy Lifestyle Online [PAR] This season is the seventh year Peter Bullock has fished for sardines, and he has often brought in as much as 20 tonnes of fish a night Tom Pilston [PAR] Peter Bullock has been fishing the choppy waters off the southern tip of Cornwall for more than 20 years. It's only relatively recently, though, that the skipper of the St Asthore has started taking the 46ft trawler out at night from Newlyn in search of sardines. [PAR] After decades of decline, sales of sardines are booming again; Mr Bullock and his two young deckhands have their work cut out. And it's during the hours of darkness that the slippery, six-inch fish congregate off St Michael's Mount in vast shoals. [PAR] Waitrose has just reported a 19 per cent rise in sales of the once-forgotten fish, while high-end restaurants from Jamie Oliver's Fifteen to Duck and Waffle in the City of London and Rick Stein's Seafood Restaurant have put them back on the menu. [PAR] \"The chap that started it all about 10 years back was called Nutty Noah. He lived down the coast and bought an old ring net from France and set out to catch pilchards, which he re-branded as Cornish sardines. In the end, he caught so much he actually sank his boat under the weight,\" said Mr Bullock, 39, as we left harbour. [PAR] After decades of decline, sales of sardines are booming again (Tom Pilston) [PAR] Before Nutty Noah came along, the fish was marketed as the pilchard. It was salted and sold in vast quantities during the 19th century, however, tinned salmon imports from Canada and the arrival of Pacific tuna had all but killed the industry by the 1990s. The fisherman admits, though, that the two fish are \"essentially the same\": a pilchard is just a sardine that is more than six inches long. [PAR] Either way, turning them into Cornish sardines was \"a piece of marketing, pure and simple\", he says. It was a sales wheeze that would have delighted Charles Saatchi. A few years ago there were no sardine boats at Newlyn; now the St Asthore is joined by five rival boats as we set out to sea. This season is the seventh year he has fished for sardines, and he has often brought in as much as 20 tonnes of fish a night. The fishery is certified by the Marine Stewardship Council and backed by Greenpeace. [PAR] \"It's the rebranding that's made pilchards really popular,\" explains the skipper as he spots a shoal on his sonar and prepares his crew to \"shoot\" the ring net around them. \"You just have to think of the romance of a sardine on the barbecue and think of the Mediterranean.\" [PAR] Bringing in the fish, which come close to the surface at night to feed, is a frantic affair, during which Peter Bullock abandons the cockpit, puts on his waterproofs and joins his crew hauling in the nets. The reward, after 45"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coins of the UK - Farthings Coins of the UK - Farthings [PAR] Farthings [PAR] Pictures of Farthings [PAR] Silver Farthings [PAR] The silver farthing was a very small coin, and is rarely found as metal detectors cannot usually detect tiny metal items. For many years they were thought to have been minted for the first time in the reign of Edward I (1272-1307) but about two examples of this denomination from the reign of Henry III (1216-1272) have been found. No documentary evidence of this coin exists. [PAR] Before this farthings were created by cutting a penny into four, thus the name farthing (from fourthing) [PAR] The silver farthing was last produced in the reign of Edward VI (1547-1553), having gradually reduced in size until its use became impractical. [PAR] This led to a shortage of a denomination which the wealthy producers (the government) did not really need but which the general population did. [PAR] Copper Farthings [PAR] Due to a shortage of small coins, James I authorised John Harrington to issue tin coated bronze farthings in 1613, after a number of other proposals had been considered. The initial small issue (12.25 mm diameter), showing two sceptres through a crown on the obverse and a crowned harp on the reverse, was soon superseded by a slightly larger token (15mm diameter) without the tin wash. [PAR] Lord Harrington died in 1614, and the title to the patent eventually passed to the Duke of Lennox. The next issues became known as Lennox farthings. They can be distinguished from the Harrington farthings by the fact that in the legend IACO starts at the top (or in one case bottom) rather that just before. Their diameter remained at about 15 mm, although the last issue was oval in shape. [PAR] The Duke of Lennox became the Duke of Richmond, but died around 1624. His widow continued to hold the patent, and the first issues of Charles I became known as Richmond farthings. A second patent was issued to Lord Maltravers and others. Maltravers farthings have an inner circle on both sides. [PAR] These coins were produced by the interesting technique of rolling a strip of copper between two rollers with the designs set into them, and at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge there is a strip of several of these coins which had not been cut out of the strip. [PAR] The problem was that these coins were easy to forge, and before long the public lost trust in them. A new design was introduced with a rose instead of a harp on the reverse, and with a brass plug in the copper which was very difficult to forge. This is known as a Rose farthing. [PAR] During the period of the Commonwealth in 1644 issue of these coins was discontinued, and instead this denomination was effected by a large variety of tokens issued by traders or towns. [PAR] In the mid-1660's the Royal Mint began to investigate the manufacture of a larger copper farthing - a pattern is known dated 1665 with similarities to the issued coins. [PAR] The official copper farthing appeared in 1672 , despite difficulties partly overcome by importing blanks from Sweden. It was produced annually until 1675 and again in 1679 . [PAR] Tin Farthings [PAR] In 1684 the farthing was issued in tin with a copper plug in the centre. This plug is clearly visible in the image of a 1684 Charles II tin farthing . This coin appears not to have a date, but this is because it was inscribed on the edge. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vanessa Williams - IMDb Vanessa Williams - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actress | Soundtrack | Producer [PAR] Vanessa Lynn Williams is one of the most respected and multi-faceted performers in entertainment today. She has conquered the musical charts, Broadway, music videos, television and motion pictures. She has sold millions of albums worldwide and she has achieved critical acclaim as an actress on stage, in film and on television. Williams was born in ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 02 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 people [PAR] created 17 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 people [PAR] created 12 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 people [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 38 people [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Vanessa Williams's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 3 Primetime Emmys. Another 12 wins & 34 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2017 Daytime Divas (TV Series) ( completed ) [PAR] Maxine Robinson [PAR] 2016-2017 The Librarians (TV Series) [PAR] General Cynthia Rockwell [PAR] 2016 Milo Murphy's Law (TV Series) [PAR] Eileen Underwood / Dr. Eileen Underwood [PAR] 2016 Broad City (TV Series) [PAR] Elizabeth Carlton [PAR] 2015 Fantasy Life (TV Movie) [PAR] Terry [PAR] 2015 Royal Pains (TV Series) [PAR] Olympia Houston [PAR] 2015 The Mindy Project (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Phillips [PAR] 2012 Phineas and Ferb (TV Series) [PAR] Flight Attendant [PAR] 2006 South Beach (TV Series) [PAR] Elizabeth Bauer [PAR] 2004 Beck and Call (TV Short) [PAR] Zoe [PAR] - The Big Picture (2003) ... Detective Katherine Pierce [PAR] - Wannabe (2003) ... Detective Katherine Pierce [PAR] - The Hole-in-the-Wall Gang (2003) ... Detective Katherine Pierce [PAR] - Haystack (2003) ... Detective Katherine Pierce [PAR] - Inadmissible (2003) ... Detective Katherine Pierce [PAR] 2002 Ally McBeal (TV Series) [PAR] Sheila Hunt [PAR] 2001 Santa, Baby! (TV Movie) [PAR] Alicia (voice) [PAR] 1999 L.A. Doctors (TV Series) [PAR] Dr. Leanne Barrows [PAR] - O Captain, My Captain (1999) ... Dr. Leanne Barrows [PAR] 1998 Futuresport (TV Movie) [PAR] 1995 Nothing Lasts Forever (TV Movie) [PAR] Dr. Kathy 'Kat' Hunter [PAR] 1990 Seriously... Phil Collins (TV Movie) [PAR] Rachel - TV Executive [PAR] 1986 The Love Boat (TV Series) [PAR] Pearl [PAR] 1986 T.J. Hooker (TV Series) [PAR] Officer Pat Williamson [PAR] 1984 Partners in Crime (TV Series) [PAR] Roselle Robins [PAR] 2011-2012 New Girl (TV Series) (performer - 2 episodes) [PAR] - Parents (2012) ... (performer: \"Save the Best for Last\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Kryptonite (2011) ... (performer: \"Save the Best for Last\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2012 Delhi Safari (performer: \"To Forgive...To Forget\") [PAR] 2010-2012 Desperate Housewives (TV Series) (performer - 3 episodes) [PAR] - Come on Over for Dinner (2011) ... (performer: \"My Funny Valentine\") [PAR] - Excited and Scared (2010) ... (performer: \"Happy Birthday, Mr. President\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2012 Pan Am (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) [PAR] - Secrets and Lies (2012) ... (performer: \"The Sweetest Days\") [PAR] 2007-2010 Ugly Betty (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes) [PAR] - Chica and the Man (2010) ... (performer: \"Maneater\", \"She Acts Like A Woman Should\" - uncredited) [PAR] - Curveball (2009) ... (performer: \"The Man That Got Away\" - uncredited) [PAR] 2008 What Happens in Vegas (performer: \"Save the Best for Last\") [PAR] 2008 Definitely, Maybe (performer: \"Save the Best for Last\") [PAR] - Episode dated 10 August 2007 (2007) ... (performer: \"Colors of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No Fear Shakespeare: Twelfth Night: Act 2, Scene 3, Page 6 No Fear Shakespeare: Twelfth Night: Act 2, Scene 3, Page 6 [PAR] No Fear Shakespeare [PAR] Home \u2192 No Fear Shakespeare \u2192 Twelfth Night \u2192 Act 2, Scene 3, Page 6 [PAR] Twelfth Night [PAR] (sings) Shall I bid him go? [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] (singing) Should I tell him to go? [PAR] FOOL [PAR] (sings) What an if you do? [PAR] FOOL [PAR] (singing) What if y,ou do? [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] (sings) Shall I bid him go, and spare not? [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] (singing) Should I tell him to go, and be harsh with him? [PAR] FOOL [PAR] (sings) O no, no, no, no, you dare not. [PAR] FOOL [PAR] (singing) Oh no, no, no, no, don\u2019t you dare. [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] Out o' tune, sir. You lie. Art any more than a steward? Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale? [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] That\u2019s out of tune, sir. You lie. (to MALVOLIO) You\u2019re nothing more than a servant here. Do you think that just because you\u2019re a goody two shoes, no one else can enjoy himself? [PAR] FOOL [PAR] Yes, by Saint Anne, and ginger shall be hot i' the mouth too. [PAR] FOOL [PAR] They certainly will. They\u2019ll have double helpings, too. [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] Thou'rt i' the right. Go, sir, rub your chain with crumbs. A stoup of wine, Maria! [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] You\u2019re right. (to MALVOLIO) Go polish your steward\u2019s chain, sir. Maria, bring us some wine! [PAR] 110 [PAR] MALVOLIO [PAR] Mistress Mary, if you prized my lady\u2019s favor at anything more than contempt, you would not give means for this uncivil rule. She shall know of it, by this hand. [PAR] MALVOLIO [PAR] Miss Mary, if you cared what Lady Olivia thinks about you at all, you wouldn\u2019t contribute to this rude behavior. I assure you, she\u2019ll find out about this. [PAR] Exit [PAR] Go and wiggle your ears! [PAR] SIR ANDREW [PAR] 'Twere as good a deed as to drink when a man\u2019s a-hungry, to challenge him the field and then to break promise with him and make a fool of him. [PAR] SIR ANDREW [PAR] There\u2019s nothing I\u2019d love more than to make a fool out of that guy somehow. I could challenge him to a duel and then not show up. That would do the trick. [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] Do \u2019t, knight. I\u2019ll write thee a challenge. Or I\u2019ll deliver thy indignation to him by word of mouth. [PAR] SIR TOBY BELCH [PAR] Do that. I\u2019ll write a letter challenging him to a duel on your behalf. Or I\u2019ll deliver your insults to his face."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Organs and Organ Systems - 6 | Britannica.com Organs and Organ Systems - 6 | Britannica.com [PAR] Organs and Organ Systems [PAR] in biology, a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function. [PAR] Browse Subcategories: [PAR] (48) [PAR] Displaying 401 - 500 of 800 results [PAR] lacteal one of the lymphatic vessels that serve the small intestine and, after a meal, become white from the minute fat globules that their lymph contains (see chyle). The lacteals were described as venae albae et lacteae (\u201cwhite and milky veins\u201d) by their discoverer,... [PAR] Langerhans, islets of irregularly shaped patches of endocrine tissue located within the pancreas of most vertebrates. They are named for the German physician Paul Langerhans, who first described them in 1869. The normal human pancreas contains about 1,000,000 islets. The... [PAR] large intestine posterior section of the intestine, consisting typically of four regions: the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. The term colon is sometimes used to refer to the entire large intestine. The large intestine is wider and shorter than the small intestine (approximately... [PAR] larynx a hollow, tubular structure connected to the top of the windpipe (trachea); air passes through the larynx on its way to the lungs. The larynx also produces vocal sounds and prevents the passage of food and other foreign particles into the lower respiratory... [PAR] lateral line system a system of tactile sense organs, unique to aquatic vertebrates from cyclostome fishes (lampreys and hagfish) to amphibians, that serves to detect movements and pressure changes in the surrounding water. It is made up of a series of mechanoreceptors... [PAR] laterality in biological psychology, the development of specialized functioning in each hemisphere of the brain or in the side of the body which each controls. The most obvious example of laterality is handedness, which is the tendency to use one hand or the other... [PAR] latex colloidal suspension, either the milky white liquid emulsion found in the cells of flowering plants such as the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) or any of various manufactured water emulsions consisting of synthetic rubber or plastic. The plant... [PAR] latissimus dorsi widest and most powerful muscle of the back. It is a large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back. It arises from the lower half of the vertebral column and iliac crest (hipbone) and tapers to a rounded tendon inserted at (attached to) the... [PAR] leaf in botany, any usually flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant. Leaves manufacture food for plants, which in turn ultimately nourish and sustain all land animals. Botanically, leaves are an integral part of the stem system, and they... [PAR] lens in anatomy, a nearly transparent biconvex structure suspended behind the iris of the eye, the sole function of which is to focus light rays onto the retina. The lens is made up of unusual elongated cells that have no blood supply but obtain nutrients... [PAR] levator muscle any of the muscles that raise a body part. In humans these include the levator anguli oris, which raises the corner of the mouth; the levator ani, collective name for a thin sheet of muscle that stretches across the pelvic cavity and helps hold the pelvic... [PAR] levonorgestrel synthetic progestogen (any progestational steroid, such as progesterone) that is used as a form of contraception in women. Levonorgestrel is the mirror compound (enantiomer) of norgestrel, which was synthesized in the early 1960s by American scientist... [PAR] lips soft pliable anatomical structures that form the mouth margin of most vertebrates, composed of a surface"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Fashion Week - Stella McCartney London Fashion Week - Stella McCartney [PAR] Stella McCartney [PAR] Showrooms [PAR] Stella McCartney [PAR] Born and raised in London and the English countryside, Stella McCartney graduated from Central St Martins in 1995. A signature style of sharp tailoring, natural confidence and sexy femininity was apparent in her first collection. [PAR] A lifelong vegetarian, Stella McCartney does not use any leather or fur in her designs, and she supports PETA. But Stella does use wool, silk, and other animal-derived fabrics in her designs. [PAR] In March 1997 McCartney was appointed Creative Director of Paris fashion house Chlo\u00e9, following in the footsteps of Karl Lagerfeld. Lagerfeld was less than impressed with the house's choice, stating, \"Chlo\u00e9 should have taken a big name. They did, but in music, not fashion. Let's hope she's as gifted as her father.\" [PAR] Despite initial scepticism, McCartney's designs have enjoyed considerable commercial and critical success. She was accompanied to Chlo\u00e9 by her assistant and friend Phoebe Philo, who later replaced her as design director. [PAR] In 2001, Stella McCartney launched her own fashion house under her name in a joint venture with Gucci Group (now Kering) and showed her first collection in Paris. Her collections are now distributed in over 50 countries through 600 wholesale accounts including specialty shops and department stores. [PAR] In 2003, Stella McCartney launched her first perfume, Stella. In January 2007, McCartney launched a skincare line, CARE. She launched a new lingerie line in 2008, and in 2010, the Stella McCartney Kids collection was launched for newborns and children up to age 12. [PAR] Contact details"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] color morado - English translation \u2013 Linguee color morado - English translation \u2013 Linguee [PAR] Los moretones despu\u00ef\u00bf\u0153s se agrupan, con lo que grandes \u00ef\u00bf\u0153reas de la piel est\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n [PAR] [...] da\u00ef\u00bf\u0153adas y de color morado y amarillento. [PAR] nhsnet.net [PAR] These bruises then join together to form [PAR] [...] larger areas of purple skin damage and discoloration. [PAR] nhsnet.net [PAR] Las autoridades sanitarias dedican especial atenci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n a la definici\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n de las normas de utilizaci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n del agua regenerada, tales como: se\u00ef\u00bf\u0153alizaci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n mediante carteles visibles que [PAR] [...] [PAR] indiquen el tipo de agua utilizada, [PAR] [...] adopci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n normalizada del color morado para las conducciones [...] [PAR] y los dispositivos de control, [PAR] [...] [PAR] instalaci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n de dispositivos antirretorno, inspecciones de las conexiones a la red de agua regenerada, exigencia de determinados horarios de riego y de tipos de aspersores, prohibici\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n de instalar grifos exteriores, as\u00ef\u00bf\u0153 como utilizaci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n de tama\u00ef\u00bf\u0153os de conducci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n y de bocas de conexi\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n de mangueras diferentes a los utilizados para las aguas de abastecimiento p\u00ef\u00bf\u0153blico. [PAR] fundacioagbar.org [PAR] Health authorities have devoted particular attention to defining the rules applicable to the use of reclaimed water, such as: announcements consisting of visible posters [PAR] [...] [PAR] indicating the type of water used; the [PAR] [...] standardised use of purple colour for pipes and control [...] [PAR] devices; the installation of cross-flow [PAR] [...] [PAR] mechanisms; inspections of connections to the reclaimed water network; requirements for irrigation at certain times of the day and for using particular types of sprinklers; the banning of external taps; and the use of pipes and hose connectors of different sizes to those employed for drinking water supply. [PAR] fundacioagbar.org [PAR] El fruto, comestible, es una baya de 5 hasta 30 cm de [PAR] [...] [PAR] [...] alargada o redondeada, generalmente de color morado al madurar, aunque el color var\u00ef\u00bf\u0153a [...] [PAR] seg\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n la variedad. [PAR] De color morado m\u00ef\u00bf\u0153s bien opaco, ofrece una [...] [PAR] variedad de aromas a tostado, tabaco, frutas negras y azules. [PAR] conosur.com [PAR] Opaque purple-colored, it offers up an array [...] [PAR] of pain grille, tobacco, blue and black fruit aromas. [PAR] conosur.com [PAR] Cuando sea un d\u00ef\u00bf\u0153a festivo, los [PAR] [...] [PAR] ornamentos sagrados de color dorado o plateado pueden sustituir a los de [PAR] [...] otros colores, pero no a los de color morado o negro. [PAR] pcf.va [PAR] On the occasion of a feastday, sacred vestments [PAR] [...] [PAR] of a gold or silver colour can be substituted as appropriate for [PAR] [...] others of various colours, but not for purple or black. [PAR] pcf.va [PAR] La utilizaci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n de estas variedades aporta a sus vinos de maceraci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n carb\u00ef\u00bf\u0153nica un paladar [PAR] [...] afrutado y un color morado intenso. [PAR] riojalavesa.com [PAR] The use of these varieties provides their carbonically macerated wines with a fruity [PAR] [...] palate and an intense purple color. [PAR] riojalavesa.com [PAR] Su ni\u00ef\u00bf\u0153o puede estar tosiendo fuertemente, estar haciendo ruidos al respirar [PAR] [...] [PAR] y teniendo mucha dificultad para respirar, y los labios y las u\u00ef\u00bf\u0153as del ni\u00ef\u00bf\u0153o se le pueden [PAR] [...] estar poniendo de color morado. [PAR] familydoctor.org [PAR] Your child may have severe coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath, and his or her lips and fingernails may be turning [PAR] [...] a grayish or bluish color. [PAR] familydoctor.org [PAR] Pico (mantoncillo) liso sencillo en color morado y con flecos en combinaci\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n [...] [PAR] de morado y lila. [PAR] Los labios y piel alrededor de la nariz, boca o u\u00ef\u00bf\u0153as de su [PAR] [...] ni\u00ef\u00bf\u0153o se ponen de color morado o oscuros [PAR] familydoctor.org [PAR] Your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Underground | London Tube to Heathrow | Heathrow Underground | London Tube to Heathrow | Heathrow [PAR] Due to escalator work, Holborn station will be exit-only, with no interchange from the Central Line, between 07:30 and 10:00 on weekdays. [More details] [PAR] London Underground's Piccadilly Line provides the most cost-effective rail route between Heathrow and the capital. [PAR] Journey time by Tube is under an hour and you shouldn't have to wait longer than ten minutes for a train, even off-peak. [PAR] Where to catch trains [PAR] Heathrow has three London Underground stations \u2013 one for Terminals 2 and 3 and one each at Terminal 4 and Terminal 5 . [PAR] Heathrow Terminals 2 and 3 station is between the terminals, which are a few minutes' walk away via pedestrian subway. Heathrow Terminal 4 and Heathrow Terminal 5 underground stations are in the basements of the terminal buildings. [PAR] All stations are in Travelcard Zone 6. [PAR] Fares and tickets [PAR] Underground tickets are available at all stations. The single cash fare to central London (Zone 1) is \u00a36.00. A one-day Travelcard, giving unlimited travel in Zones 1-6, costs \u00a317.20 (Anytime) or \u00a312.10 (off-peak). For more information visit tfl.gov.uk/fares-and-payments or visit the Travel Information Centre at Heathrow Terminals 2 and 3 underground station. [PAR] Oyster pay-as-you-go fares are \u00a35.10 (Mon - Fri, 06:30 - 09:30) and \u00a33.10 (all other times). You'll need an Oyster card \u2013 for details see oyster.tfl.gov.uk \u2013 or a contactless payment card . [PAR] Train times [PAR] The first and last trains to and from Heathrow are shown below. Train times and fares are subject to change \u2013 please confirm using the Transport for London website or call +44 (0)343 22 1234 before travelling. [PAR] Night Tube [PAR] On Fridays and Saturdays the Piccadilly Line now operates a 24-hour service, with night trains to and from Terminals 2, 3 and 5 on average every 10 minutes. There is no service on the Terminal 4 loop. [PAR] First and last trains to central London [PAR] Station"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MIDNIGHT COWBOY by James Leo Herlihy - First Edition ... MIDNIGHT COWBOY by James Leo Herlihy - First Edition - 1965 - from Idler Fine Books and Biblio.com [PAR] Fiction & Literature > Modern Fiction [PAR] Book summary [PAR] In some ways, it was unfortunate for author James Leo Herlihy that his novel Midnight Cowboy was adapted into the landmark film of the same name starring Dustin Hoffman and Jon Voight. Although the film, which won several Oscars including Best Picture, certainly brought the rising author a new level of regard and notice, its almost legendary status in the history of American filmmaking has somewhat overshadowed its literary progenitor. This is especially unfortunate since Herlihy's work is considered by many to be one of the best American novels published since World War II. The novel's protagonist is Joe Buck, a naive young Texan who decides to leave his dead-end job and find a grander, more glamorous life in New York City. The city, of course, turns out to be a much harder place to conquer than Joe expected, and he soon finds his dream compromised. Buck's fall from innocence and his relationship with the crippled street hustler Ratso Rizzo form the novel's emotional nucleus, and the unlikely pair is one of the most sensitively-drawn and complex portraits of friendship in recent literature.The focus on male friendship is in fact a longstanding motif in American literature: Twain's Huck and Jim, Melville's Ishmael and Queequeg, Fitzgerald's Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby, and Kerouac's Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarity are some of the notable examples. Herlihy's Joe Buck and Ratso Rizzo continue this venerable tradition in their unique, starkly-drawn fashion. Midnight Cowboy also takes a well-deserved place among a group of distinguished American novels that write-often with unnerving candor-about people living on the \"margins\" of society: Nathaniel West's Miss Lonleyhearts, John Fante's Ask the Dust, Kerouac's On the Road, and William Burroughs' Junky, to name a few. Midnight Cowboy, written by Herlihy with a unique mixture of severe realism and sensitivity, may well prove to be the best and most durable of these accomplished works of fiction. [PAR] Reviews [PAR] Review this book (Want a chance to win $50 ? Log-in or create an account first!) (You'll be automatically entered for a chance to win $50!)[DOC] [TLE] Lifeline Theatre :: Midnight Cowboy Lifeline Theatre :: Midnight Cowboy [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] \"The tragedy is Joe's\u00ef\u00bf\u00bda beautiful, utterly alone, wounded animal who must go on, somehow... the intellectual story is about sexual exploitation, which continues today in myriad ways and places, making Midnight Cowboy contemporary and ageless.\" \u2013Windy City Times [PAR] Joe Buck escapes his dead-end life in Texas and heads to New York City with dreams of making his fortune as a hustler for wealthy socialites. But his rugged cowboy persona masks the gullibility of a child, and Joe falls victim to all manner of con artists and predators. At the end of his rope, he partners with street-savvy Rico \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdRatso\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Rizzo in an alliance that could either save or destroy them both. A meditation on loneliness and the need to form real connections amidst the crushing isolation of 20th-century life, in a world premiere adaptation of the 1965 novel by James Leo Herlihy. [PAR] Adapted from the book by James Leo Herlihy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rings - NEW ADVENT CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rings [PAR] Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > R > Rings [PAR] Rings [PAR] Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download . Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more \u0097 all for only $19.99... [PAR] Although the surviving ancient rings, proved by their devices, provenance, etc., to be of Christian origin, are fairly numerous (See Fortnum in \"Arch. Journ.\", XXVI, 141, and XXVIII, 275), we cannot in most cases identify them with any liturgical use. Christians no doubt , just like other people, wore rings in accordance with their station in life, for rings are mentioned without reprobation in the New Testament ( Luke 15:22 , and James 2:2 ). Moreover, St. Clement of Alexandria ( The Pedagogue III.11 ) says that a man might lawfully wear a ring on his little finger, and that it should bear some religious emblem--a dove, or a fish, or an anchor \u0097 though, on the other hand, Tertullian , St. Cyprian , and the Apostolic Constitutions (I, iii) protest against the ostentation of Christians in decking themselves with rings and gems. In any case the Acts of Sts. Perpetua and Felicitas (c. xxi), about the beginning of the third century, inform us of how the martyr Saturus took a ring from the finger of Pudens, a soldier who was looking on, and gave it back to him as a keepsake, covered with his own blood. [PAR] Knowing, as we do, that in the pagan days of Rome every flamen Dialis (i.e., a priest specially consecrated to the worship of Jupiter) had, like the senators, the privilege of wearing a gold ring, it would not be surprising to find evidence in the fourth century that rings were worn by Christian bishops . But the various passages that have been appealed to, to prove this, are either not authentic or else are inconclusive. St. Augustine indeed speaks of his sealing a letter with a ring (Ep. ccxvii, in P.L., XXXIII, 227), but on the other hand his contemporary Possidius expressly states that Augustine himself wore no ring (P.L., XXXII, 53), whence we are led to conclude that the possession of a signet does not prove the use of a ring as part of the episcopal insignia. However, in a Decree of Pope Boniface IV (A.D. 610) we hear of monks raised to the episcopal dignity as anulo pontificali subarrhatis, while at the Fourth Council of Toledo, in 633, we are told that if a bishop has been deposed from his office, and is afterwards reinstated, he is to receive back stole, ring, and crosier (orarium, anulum et baculum). St. Isidore of Seville at about the same period couples the ring with the crosier and declares that the former is conferred as \"an emblem of the pontifical dignity or of the sealing of secrets\" (P.L., LXXXIII, 783). From this time forth it may be assumed that the ring was strictly speaking an episcopal ornament conferred in the rite of consecration , and that it was commonly regarded as emblematic of the betrothal of the bishop to his Church. In the eighth and ninth centuries in manuscripts of the Gregorian Sacramentary and in a few early Pontificals (e.g., that attributed to Archbishop Egbert of York ) we meet with various formulae for the delivery of the ring. The Gregorian form, which survives in substance to the present day, runs in these terms: \"Receive the ring, that is to say the seal of faith , whereby thou,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prime Ministers of Great Britain - Historic UK Prime Ministers of Great Britain [PAR] political party [PAR] 1721-42 [PAR] Sir Robert Walpole - Restored confidence in the country following the South Sea Bubble financial crash of 1720. Dominated the political scene during the reigns of George I and George II. George II made Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street. Walpole resigned as a consequence of his perceived mis-handling in dealing with the War of Jenkins' Ear . [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1742-43 [PAR] Earl of Wilmington - Suffering poor health for most of his time as Prime Minister, he died in office. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1743-54 [PAR] Henry Pelham - During his time in the post he oversaw the the British involvement in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744-48, the 1745 Jacobite Rising and the adoption of the Gregorian calender . He died in office. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1754-56 [PAR] Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Assumed the office of Prime Minister just 10 days after the death of his brother Henry Pelham. During the Seven Years' War, he was blamed for the loss of Minorca and was replaced by the Duke of Devonshire. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1756-57 [PAR] William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire - In a government effectively controlled by Pitt the Elder, Devonshire's administration was brought to end following the dismissal of Pitt by the king, it was replaced by the Second Newcastle Ministry. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1757-62 [PAR] Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Returning to office with Pitt the Elder as Southern Secretary, this government helped steer Britain to ultimate victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1762-63 [PAR] John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute - A favourite of George III, he was the first Scot to hold the top office. Unpopular with the 'great unwashed', he introduced a tax on cider in order to help pay for the Seven Years' War. He resigned following fierce criticism of his handling of the peace negotiations. [PAR] Tory [PAR] The Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Viscount Melbourne [PAR] 1828-30 [PAR] Arthur Welleslley, 1st Duke of Wellington - The second Irish-born Prime Minister and second veteran general, perhaps more famous as a soldier of the Napoleonic Wars than a politician. Is said to have commented after his first Cabinet meeting: \u201cAn extraordinary affair. I gave them their orders and they wanted to stay and discuss them.\u201d He introduced the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, removing many of the restrictions on Catholics in the UK. Resigned after a vote of no confidence. [PAR] Tory [PAR] 1830-34 [PAR] Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey - Famous for the blend of tea named after him, his political achievements included the Reform Act of 1832, which started the process of electoral change that we recognise today. His other legacies included the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire and restrictions concerning the employment of children. He resigned after disagreements over his Irish policies. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1834 [PAR] William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - The last Prime Minister to be dismissed by a Sovereign, King William IV. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1834-35 [PAR] Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - At the second time of asking, Peel accepted King William IV\u2019s invitation to form a government. Head of a minority government, he resigned following a number of defeats in Parliament. [PAR] Whig [PAR] 1835-41 [PAR] William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - Returning to office for the second time, Melbourne found the new Queen Victoria much more agreeable than William IV. Tutoring the young queen in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Golf Today's A to Z of Golf: The 'Condor' - four under par ... Golf Today's A to Z of Golf: The 'Condor' - four under par for a hole [PAR] A-Z of Golf [PAR] The 'Condor' - four under par for a hole [PAR] Scoring a condor is the rarest event in golf. This is normally a hole in one at a par five (a two at a par six would also count, but this has never been done). [PAR] Only four condors have ever been recorded: [PAR] The first occurred in 1962, when Larry Bruce drove into the hole over a stand of trees on the 480-yard dogleg right par-5 fifth hole at Hope Country Club in Arkansas, USA. [PAR] Another condor was achieved by \"cutting the corner\" of a dogleg par-5 by Shaun Lynch at Teign Valley Golf Club in Christow, England, in 1995, on the 496-yard 17th. Lynch aimed straight at the green with a 3-iron, clearing a 20-foot-high hedge and hitting a downslope on the other side, which allowed his ball to roll down to the green and into the hole. [PAR] A condor was scored without cutting over a dogleg by Mike Crean at Green Valley Ranch Golf Club in Denver, Colorado, in 2002, when he holed his drive at the 517 yard par-5 9th. This is longest hole in one on record, although it was of course aided by the altitude and thin air of 'mile-high' Denver. [PAR] The most recent condor was achieved in Australia by 16 year old Jack Bartlett on the 467 metre par-5 17th at Royal Wentworth Falls Country Club, NSW, Australia, on November 3, 2007. [PAR] None of the above Condor's were made during an official tour and neither were they played on a professionally accredited course, not that their feats are devalued in anyway shape or form. You don't have to be a mathematical genius to understand that a Condor is a rare occurrence. [PAR] To give you an idea of odds, it has been estimated a hole-in-one can reach up to 1 in 12,500 for an amateur player, while a double eagle has been assigned odds that have ranged between 1 in 1 million, and 1 in 16 million. The odds of scoring a Condor have not been officially worked out but you can imagine they are significantly higher than the double-eagle. A select number of online bookmakers , have in the past offered odds on double-eagles during championship events, not condors however. Clearly if you choose to place a condor bet with any bookmaker, make sure to get odds of at least above 1 million to one! [PAR] A condor is also known as a triple-eagle or a double-albatross, although these terms are, of course, mathematically incorrect. [PAR] There is no other explanation for the name 'condor' apart from its continuation of the 'bird' theme in naming under-par scores, and the size of the bird becoming bigger as the score gets lower (birdie - eagle - albatross - condor). [PAR] October 2008[DOC] [TLE] What Is a Condor in Golf? | Golfsmith What Is a Condor in Golf? | Golfsmith [PAR] What Is a Condor in Golf? [PAR] What Is a Condor in Golf? [PAR] by M.L. Rose [PAR] \u201cCondor\u201d is the name of an American golf manufacturer, but most notably it\u2019s the label given to the extremely rare, almost impossible score of 4-under-par for a single hole. As of 2012, four generally accepted condors have been recorded, all involving aces on par-5 holes. Some courses have par-6 holes, so it\u2019s also possible for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What animal is called the ship of the desert? | Reference.com What animal is called the ship of the desert? | Reference.com [PAR] What animal is called the ship of the desert? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Camels are sometimes called \"ships of the desert\" because of their importance in travel and trade in desert environments. Camel's unique adaptations made them ideal animals for carrying goods and people across long distances, similar to how ships allow people to travel across oceans. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Prior to the invention of trucks and airplanes, desert peoples relied on camels for transportation because other large animals like horses and cattle could not withstand the harsh environment. Camels are able to travel long distances with very little food or water, even when carrying people or freight. This was especially important when crossing large, empty expanses of desert in which people were unable to resupply. Camels were used as \"ships of the desert\" in Africa and Asia and were imported to Australia to work in the harsh Outback environment.[DOC] [TLE] Animal known as \"the ship of the desert\" - Crossword clues ... Animal known as \"the ship of the desert\" - Crossword clues & answers - Global Clue [PAR] Useful website for every solver [PAR] Animal known as \"the ship of the desert\" [PAR] Let's find possible answers to \"Animal known as \"the ship of the desert\"\" crossword clue. First of all, we will look for a few extra hints for this entry: Animal known as \"the ship of the desert\". Finally, we will solve this crossword puzzle clue and get the correct word. We have 1 possible solution for this clue in our database. [PAR] Related clues"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Location | National Coastwatch Institution Location | National Coastwatch Institution [PAR] Stations Telephone List [PAR] Location [PAR] At Gwennap Head we watch over one of the most dangerous stretches of water in the UK. With Wolf Rock Lighthouse and the infamous Runnel Stone Reef close by, this treacherous coastline has seen many shipwrecks and lives lost. On good days we can see as far as the Isles of Scilly, or the peaks of the legendary Lyonesse.This far South West coast of Cornwall from Land's End around to Porthcurno is a wind swept rocky place which bears the brunt of the Atlantic storms as they crash against the towering granite cliffs. It is an area littered with shipwrecks and tales of smugglers and witchcraft. [PAR] A Traffic Seperation Scheme exists around the Scillies to control the navigation of vessels in this congested area. Together with Cape Cornwall NCI, we are able to provide visual, radar and AIS coverage of this very busy zone. As well as the large commercial vessels we identify and log the many fishing boats, pleasure craft, kayaks and dive boats in the waters around our station. There are three Traffic Seperation Schemes (TSS) off the Scillies - to the east (between the Isles of Scilly and Land's End) to the south, and to the west; these control the navigation of all vessels joining, transiting, crossing and leaving the schemes. In the area between each TSS and the adjacent land there is an inshore Traffic Zone, from which all traffic is prohibited. Traffic is relatively dense in the east TSS, but the tidal stream generally runs parallel to the coast, whereas the south and west TSS's are more exposed to westerly swell, and the tidal stream generally run perpendicular to the Isles Of Scilly. [PAR] Just below the watchtower, a pile of granite, The Chair Ladder, is considered to be the finest mass of stone in the county; it appears as if built up from large cubical blocks. Numerous caverns and isolated rocks can be found along the shores of these cliffs. The granite of Tol Pedn, Penwith is very porphyritic, and most of it contains pinite. This is intersected by veins of a different kind of granite; in most of these veins the feldspar is red. This, and the surrounding cliffs are a magnet for climbers from all over the world particularly in the summer months. Another thing for the NCI to keep an eye on. We watch out for these climbers and also the many walkers and bird watchers on the coastal path.The lands End Cliff Rescue Team use the cliffs as a training centre. [PAR] In Porthgwarra, (`-the higher cove`, this is generally now considered a corruption of the original name Porthgorwithou 1302 meaning cove by wooded slopes), a pretty little fishing cove nearby to Gwennap Head, there are tunnels cut through the rock to give access to the beach.Some say these were used to help with the 'freetrade' or smuggling in olden days. The following paragraphs are taken from 'Porthgwarra' by Christine Gendall. [PAR] Cornwall has a historic reputation fo smuggling. I find it hard to accept that fishermen and farmers would lure ships ashore by false use of lights. Though I do believe that they may have been involved in some illicit trading in spirits and tobacco. If there was a wreck, they did their utmost to help the crew get ashore..... but were then swift to assist in the salvage! [PAR] I have spoken to Jean Hey (nee Rawlings) and David Williams, both of whom played as children at Porthgwarra."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marcelo Caetano - Military Wiki - Wikia Marcelo Caetano | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] He was a son of Jos\u00e9 Maria de Almeida Alves Caetano and his first wife Josefa Maria das Neves. Graduated as a Licentiate and later a Doctorate in Law, Caetano was a Cathedratic Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon , where he graduated and of which he would also become the 9th Dean or Rector . An ultraconservative politician and a self-proclaimed reactionary in his youth, [1] Caetano started his political career in the 1930s under the authoritarian regime of Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar . He soon became an important figure in the \" Estado Novo \" government, and in 1940 was appointed chief of the Portuguese Youth organisation . Caetano progressed in his academic career at the university, publishing several works and lecturing law. While in jail due to political causes, \u00c1lvaro Cunhal , law student, the future leader and founder of the Portuguese Communist Party , submitted his final thesis on the topic of abortion before a faculty jury that included Marcello Caetano. Between 1944 and 1947 Caetano was Minister of the Colonies and since 1947 President of the Executive Board of the National Union . He served as President of the Corporative Chamber between 1949 and 1955. [PAR] From 1955 to 1958 Caetano, was the number two of the regime, as Minister Attached to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, second only to Salazar himself, who was approaching retirement age. His relationship with Salazar was tense at times, hindering him from becoming clearly a successor. Back to the academic career while maintaining formally important political functions such as executive president of the National Union , Caetano was the 9th Rector of the University of Lisbon from 1959 on, but the Academic Crisis of 1962 led him to resign after protesting students clashed with riot police in the university's campus. On the other hand, students who were supportive of the regime, tried to boycott the anti-regime activism. There were indeed three generations of militants of the radical right at the Portuguese universities and schools between 1945 and 1974, guided by a revolutionary nationalism partly influenced by the political sub-culture of European neofascism. The core of these radical students' struggle lay in an uncompromising defence of the Portuguese Empire in the days of the authoritarian regime. [2] [PAR] Prime minister [PAR] Edit [PAR] In August 1968, at 79, Salazar suddenly suffered a stroke after a fall in his home, and after 36 years as prime minister of the Estado Novo regime, a personal creation, he was removed from power. President Am\u00e9rico Tom\u00e1s , after weighing a number of choices, appointed Caetano to replace Salazar on 27 September 1968. [3] Tom\u00e1s never consulted Salazar about this decision. By some accounts, when Salazar died in July 1970, he still believed he was prime minister. [PAR] Most of the people hoped that the new 102nd prime minister would soften the edges of Salazar's authoritarian regime and modernize the economy. Caetano moved on to foster economic growth and some social improvements, such as the awarding of a monthly pension to rural workers who had never had the chance to pay social security. The objectives of Caetano's pension reform were threefold: enhancing equity, reducing fiscal and actuarial imbalance, and achieving more efficiency for the economy as a whole, for example, by establishing contributions less distortive to labour markets or by allowing the savings generated by pension funds to increase the investments in the economy. Some large"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Legendary author Harper Lee won the Pulitzer Prize for ... What did Pulitzer jurors think of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird? | OregonLive.com [PAR] What did Pulitzer jurors think of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird? [PAR] OregonLive.com By OregonLive.com The Oregonian [PAR] on February 20, 2016 at 8:15 AM, updated February 20, 2016 at 8:58 AM [PAR] comments [PAR] Legendary author Harper Lee won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction writing in 1961 for her first novel To Kill a Mockingbird. [PAR] She was the only author at the time to have won the Pulitzer for her first published book. Lee died in her native Alabama on Friday . [PAR] On Facebook, the author Roy T. Harris, author of \"Pulitzer's Gold\" published the actual jury report submitted to the board in 1961. [PAR] Harris wrote on his Facebook page: \"Taking a break from postings on journalism Pulitzers to pass along the original jury report in the 1961 Novel category: Why jurors recommended a new book called 'To Kill a Mockingbird.' Enjoy.\" [PAR] The jury report called 1960 a \"disappointing\" year for established writers. [PAR] \"Fortunately, however, the stream of new talent which constantly revitalizes American fiction produced at least two new novels of unusual distinction. The first and most ambitious of the two was 'To Kill a Mocking Bird,' by Harper Lee,\" the jury report signed by Irita Van Doren and John Barkham noted. Van Doren was the long-time editor of the New York Herald Tribune, and a native of Alabama where Lee's classic was set. Barkham was a noted book critic who wrote often for the New York Times. [PAR] \"Her achievement, it seems to us, may be gauged by the fact that, although her story embraces virtually all of the cliches of the Southern novel, they are nevertheless made to appear here as fresh and original,\" the jurors wrote.\"This is our choice for the Prize.\" [PAR] Harris has chronicled the history of the Pulitzers, which are commemorating its 100th year, in 2016. [PAR] Check out the actual 2 1/2 page Pulitzer jury report here . [PAR] Most Read[DOC] [TLE] A 1961 interview with Harper Lee, author of ... - Newsday A 1961 interview with Harper Lee, author of \u2018To Kill a Mockingbird\u2019 from the Newsday archives | Newsday [PAR] A 1961 interview with Harper Lee, author of \u2018To Kill a Mockingbird\u2019 from the Newsday archives [PAR] February 19, 2016 6:42 PM [PAR] By Audrey Clinton Newsday [PAR] advertisement | advertise on newsday [PAR] Though author Harper Lee rarely spoke to the media in her later years, she received a flurry of press coverage when her first novel, \u201cTo Kill a Mockingbird,\u201d won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. For a profile that ran in Newsday on May 3, 1961, she spoke with features reporter Audrey Clinton, who worked at Newsday for more than 35 years. [PAR] Most popular [PAR] See alsoCelebs remember Harper Lee See alsoHarper Lee dead; author was 89 See also'Go Set a Watchman' review [PAR] Pulitzer Prize Novelist Sees Light Side of South [PAR] An unaffected 34-year-old southerner who came up North to write has carried off the literary coup of the year with her first novel. She is Harper Lee, known as Nell to her friends, who with \u201cTo Kill a Mockingbird\u201d has won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. [PAR] advertisement | advertise on newsday [PAR] Miss Lee\u2019s book, a warmly human story of childhood in a small town in the South, is in contrast to such stark portrayals of southern folk as appear in writings of William Faulkner or Tennessee"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary Wilson, Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of ... - EURweb Mary Wilson, Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of The Supremes First #1 Single | EURweb [PAR] Mary Wilson, Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of The Supremes First #1 Single [PAR] Entertainment Music News Slider Top News 7 Comments 1899 views [PAR] *A singer, a best-selling author, motivational speaker, businesswoman, former U.S. Cultural Ambassador, wife, mother, and grandmother, the legendary Mary Wilson continues to make great strides on her inevitable journey to greatness. [PAR] Performing with the same passion as she did singing with the original Supremes as well as with her solo career, the world renowned celebrity also focuses to advocate for social and economic challenges in the United States and abroad. As an advocate, Ms. Wilson uses her fame and flair to promote a diversity of humanitarian efforts including ending hunger, raising HIV/AIDS awareness and encourage world peace. [PAR] This June marks the 50th anniversary of the release of The Supremes\u2019 first number-one hit single, \u201cWhere Did Our Love Go,\u201d the first of five such consecutive hit singles. \u201cWhere Did Our Love Go\u201d was released June 17th, 1964, and hit number one a couple of months later in August. The Supremes \u2013 like the Beatles, who recently celebrated their 50th anniversary \u2013 changed the face of pop music and became trendsetters who broke down social, racial, and gender barriers, which all started with the wild success of their first number one song. [PAR] Ms. Wilson will be releasing a new album this summertime entitled Life\u2019s Been Good to Me. The exact release date is TBA, however two singles are currently available on iTunes, Amazon, and wherever else digital music is found: the title track, \u201cLife\u2019s Been Good to Me,\u201d and the Mother\u2019s Day song, \u201cDarling Mother.\u201d [PAR] MOTOWN \u2013 THE SOUND THAT CHANGED AMERICA [PAR] As an irresistible force of social and cultural change, Berry Gordy\u2019s legendary Motown Records made its mark not just on the music industry, but society at large, with a sound that has become one of the most significant musical accomplishments and stunning success stories of the 20th century. The Supremes, Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, the Four Tops, Marvin Gaye, the Marvelettes, Martha Reeves and the Vandellas, Gladys Knight & the Pips, and later Stevie Wonder and the Temptations, Michael Jackson & the Jackson 5 and Lionel Richie & the Commodores, their music communicated and brought together a racially divided country and segregated society, around the world, touching all people of all ages and race. [PAR] After breaking down barriers and having pop radio embrace Motown artists, Berry Gordy set his sights on television. He booked his artists on popular shows such as American Bandstand and The Ed Sullivan Show. After captivating national audiences with near-weekly performances on The Ed Sullivan Show, making history as among the first African-American artists on the show, and The Supremes were the first R&B act to play the country\u2019s most prestigious night club, New York\u2019s Copacabana, which paved the way for other R&B acts into the top cabaret circuits around the world. [PAR] LITERARY ACHIEVEMENTS [PAR] Ms. Wilson\u2019s \u201cDare to Dream\u201d lecture, which she gives to young people, emphasizes the need for personal perseverance to achieve their goals, despite obstacles and adversities in their lives. The topic is the foundation of her best-selling autobiography \u201cDreamgirl \u2013 My Life as a Supreme.\u201d Ms. Wilson later authored its sequel, \u201cSupreme Faith \u2013 Someday We\u2019ll Be Together.\u201d In 2000, these two books, along with updated chapters, were combined to complete her third book. She is currently working on a fourth book,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chile, 1962: World Cup Football Host - Topend Sports Chile, 1962: World Cup Football Host [PAR] Chile, 1962 [PAR] Tournament [PAR] The Brazilian managers of 1954 (Zeze) and that of 1962 (Aimore Moreira) were the only brothers to have managed the same nation in World Cup finals. [PAR] When Chilean player Eladio Rojas scored a goal in the 1962 quarter-final against Russia, the first person he hugged was the Russian goalkeeper. Rojas was so excited because the goalkeeper he had beaten was the 'unbeatable' Lev Yashin. [PAR] Goal difference first used to determine group team rankings in finals in 1962. Before 1962, teams tied in points in a group were solved by a play-off match. In 1962, England became the first team to benefit from the new system and Argentina the first team to suffer. [PAR] The Brazil-England game at the 1962 World Cup was interrupted when a dog ran onto the pitch and Jimmy Greaves went down on all fours to catch him. [PAR] Share:[DOC] [TLE] 1962 FIFA World Cup Host Country - Chile 1962 FIFA World Cup [PAR] 1962 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Host Country - Chile [PAR] 1962 FIFA World Cup was hosted by Chile. [PAR] Brazil successfully defended their title, showing the world that Brazilian soccer is on the rise, as they were already regarded as one of the best football/soccer nations at the time. [PAR] Brazilian squad arrived to Chile as the absolute favorites to win the world cup, with stars like: Pele, Garrincha, Amarildo, Vava and Zito leading the squad. [PAR] These Brazilians were regarded as the best players in the world for that generation. [PAR] Brazilian star Pele was unfortunately injured in the opening match against Mexico. [PAR] Pele managed to score a goal in this match, before hopping off the field with a thigh injury, sidelining him for the rest of the tournament. [PAR] This allowed winger Garrincha to take the spotlight, earning the nickname \"Little Bird\" in the newspapers around the world. [PAR] Garrincha was described as \"The most extraordinary right winger Football has ever known.\" in the newspapers around the world. [PAR] This World Cup staged one of the ugliest matches in the history of World Cup, between Chile and Italy. [PAR] Italians Giorgio Ferrini and Mario David were sent off with red cards, while the Italian Umberto Maschio walked away from this game with a broken nose, as a result of a punch from Chilean Leonel Sanchez. [PAR] Italian Giorgio Ferrini retaliated with a neck-high kick on Leonel Sanchez, and in doing so was sent off from this bloody, dramatic, frustrated and everything else except soccer/football match. [PAR] BBC called it \"The most stupid, appalling, disgusting and disgraceful exhibition of football\". [PAR] Another match worth mentioning is the game between Spain and Brazil during the group stages. [PAR] Spain needed a win to advance, and held the lead against Brazil until very late in the game when Brazilian Amarildo scored 2 goals in 4 minutes to end Spain's tournament earlier. [PAR] Brazil successfully defended their World Cup Title in the final game against Czechoslovakia. [PAR] 1962 FIFA World Cup"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert F. Kennedy shot - Jun 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com Robert F. Kennedy shot - Jun 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Robert F. Kennedy shot [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] At 12:50 a.m. PDT, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a presidential candidate, is shot three times in a hail of gunfire in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Five others were wounded. The senator had just completed a speech celebrating his victory in the California presidential primary. The shooter, Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan, had a smoking .22 revolver wrested from his grip and was promptly arrested. Kennedy, critically wounded, was rushed to the hospital, where he fought for his life for the next 24 hours. On the morning of June 6, he died. He was 42 years old. On June 8, Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, also the final resting place of his assassinated older brother, President John F. Kennedy. [PAR] Robert Kennedy, born in Brookline, Massachusetts, in 1925, interrupted his studies at Harvard University to serve in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He was legal counsel for various Senate subcommittees during the 1950s and in 1960 served as the manager of his brother\u2019s successful presidential campaign. Appointed attorney general by President Kennedy, he proved a vigorous member of the cabinet, zealously prosecuting cases relating to civil rights while closely advising the president on domestic and foreign issues. After Kennedy\u2019s assassination in 1963, he joined President Lyndon B. Johnson\u2019s administration but resigned in 1964 to run successfully in New York for a Senate seat. Known in Congress as an advocate of social reform and defender of the rights of minorities, he also voiced criticism of the war in Vietnam. [PAR] In 1968, he was urged by many of his supporters to run for president as an anti-war and socially progressive Democratic. Hesitant until he saw positive primary returns for fellow anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy, he announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination on March 16, 1968. Fifteen days later, President Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection, and Vice President Hubert Humphrey became the key Democratic hopeful, with McCarthy and Kennedy trailing closely behind. Kennedy conducted an energetic campaign and on June 4, 1968, won a major victory in the California primary. He had won five out of six primaries and seemed a shoo-in for the Democratic nomination and, some thought, the presidency. [PAR] Shortly after midnight, he gave a victory speech to his supporters in the Ambassador Hotel and then, while making his way to a press conference by a side exit, was fatally wounded by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. Sirhan was arrested at the scene and indicted for first-degree murder. A mentally unstable drifter, his motives in killing Kennedy have never been clear. Some journalists have alleged that Sirhan was part of a larger assassination conspiracy, supposedly brought on by Kennedy\u2019s promise to end the Vietnam War if elected president. These conspiracists cite forensic evidence and witness testimony that they say proves the existence of additional shooters who were not detained. [PAR] In 1969, Sirhan Sirhan was convicted and sentenced to die. In 1972, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment when the California Supreme Court abolished the death penalty. Since 1983, he has repeatedly been denied parole by prison officials who consider him a serious threat to public safety. [PAR] More on This Topic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aviation in American History - NPS.gov Section II: Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aviation Properties, National Register of Historic Places Bulletin [PAR] U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service [PAR] II. AVIATION IN AMERICAN HISTORY [PAR] Aviation in America began in the late eighteenth century with balloons. In 1783 John Quincy Adams and Benjamin Franklin watched a balloon flight in Paris. Soon thereafter, Americans imported the balloon. In the United States the 1830s opened a \"golden age\" of ballooning that continued into the 1860s. During the Civil War, Union and Confederate forces used balloons to fly reconnaissance and thereby began military aviation in this country. Balloons are the main lighter-than-air craft operating in aviation today; they are used for sport, show, and scientific research. [PAR] EARLY EXPERIMENTS IN AERONAUTICS [PAR] A few Americans, notably the engineer Octave Chanute and the scientist Samuel Pierpont Langley, conducted experiments in aeronautics in the late nineteenth century. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, designed a steam-powered model that made the first sustained flight of a heavier-than-air machine in May of 1896. His work continued into the early 20th century with a full-sized flying machine, which Langley named \"Aerodrome A.\" It crashed into the Potomac River nine days before the Wright brothers' first successful flights on December 17, 1903. Flights by Wilbur and Orville were manned, powered, controlled, and sustained, and culminated their years of theoretical and experimental research. The Wright brothers developed the airplane as a practical flying machine, and they built the world's first military airplane in 1908 for the United States Army Signal Corps. [PAR] In late 1909 the Wright brothers incorporated a manufacturing company, the Wright Company. Earlier that year Glenn Curtiss had undertaken the design and manufacture of airplanes at his G.H. Curtiss Manufacturing Company in Hammondsport, New York. These companies represent the origin of the aviation industry in the United States. Aviation in this country, however, progressed slowly from the experimental and demonstration activities of the early twentieth century to civil, commercial, and military operations. [PAR] WORLD WAR I AVIATION [PAR] Though the first to fly, the United States fell behind other nations, especially France. When this country entered the First World War in April 1917, the Aviation Section of the Army Signal Corps (the military's air arm, which eventually became the U.S. Air Force) had only a small number of airplanes. Most of these were already obsolete or out of commission. The Naval Flying Corps had only 54 aircraft. Furthermore, the nation had only the rudiments of an aviation industry, few airplane factories, few aeronautical engineers, few workers skilled in producing and maintaining aircraft, almost no commercial aviation, and only a handful of airfields. [PAR] World War I was a major impetus for the development of American aviation. The wartime Aircraft Production Board initially concentrated its efforts on getting one airplane, a De Havilland design, and one aviation engine, the Liberty, into production and service. The Army Signal Corps organized logging and mill operations in the Pacific Northwest, the principal source of the spruce essential for the construction of airplane frames. These efforts enabled the nation to build aviation equipment for the war, and the United States produced more than 24,000 Liberty engines by the Armistice (November 11, 1918). The number of airplanes, airfields, and pilots increased considerably during the war. [PAR] During the war, the United States expanded the number of aircraft designs. Glenn L. Martin, an aviator, actor, and aircraft manufacturer who established one of the first airplane factories in the U.S. (in 1909 in Santa Ana, California) merged his company with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fashion Revolution: A History of the Miniskirt Fashion Revolution: A History of the Miniskirt [PAR] Fashion Revolution [PAR] A History of the Miniskirt [PAR] The 1960s was a politically charged decade of revolution and change. Apollo 11 became the first capsule to land on the moon, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law, Vietnam was raging, Beatlemania was sweeping the world, birth control pills hit the market, and a new cult of youth, known as \u201cYouthquake,\u201d had radically taken over many areas of life. In the midst of these dramatic political and cultural changes emerged one of the most enduring and controversial icons of the era: the miniskirt (or mini skirt). [PAR] Existing, surprisingly, since ancient times, this small and sexy piece of fabric has embodied some of the most fascinating paradoxes of our times as it suggests both empowerment and vulnerability, independence and a desire to please, an attempt to cover and to reveal, maturity and playfulness, and liberation and exploitation. Simultaneously condemned and loved, the miniskirt exploded into the political landscape and had women (and men) suddenly paying attention to what had been hidden years before\u2014a woman\u2019s legs. [PAR] In the Beginning Was . . . the Miniskirt [PAR] High in the mountains in some of Europe\u2019s oldest villages, archaeologists have recently unearthed ancient figurines dating between 5400-4700 B.C. What is remarkable about the figurines is not only their age, but also that the female figurines appear to be beautifully dressed in miniskirts not unlike the fashionable miniskirts of the 1960s, prompting some scholars to speculate that miniskirts were common in the earliest of civilizations (Derbyshire 2007). Interestingly, these figurines are not the only evidence of \u201cancient miniskirts. For example, an ancient Egyptian fresco shows a female acrobatic dancer wearing a \u201cmini skirt\u201d seemingly made out of cotton that shows off both her hips and her legs (Gandolfi 1989). [PAR] Early Twentieth-Century Skirts and Sowing the Seeds of Change [PAR] While the miniskirt may have existed as long as civilization has, it is probably only recently that it has evoked powerful political and cultural implications. In the mid 1800s, women in Europe and America were generally believed to be the weaker and more vulnerable sex. Politics, business, and physical activity could be dangerous for women, and tight corsets with long, restrictive skirts generally reflected these beliefs (Weaver 2003). [PAR] Like the miniskirt, the 1920s flapper conveyed an impression of a \u201cnew\u201c woman [PAR] After WWI, however, advances in women\u2019s emancipation and post-war escapism led to the \u201cflapper\u201d style, an androgynous style with hemlines up to a woman\u2019s knee. After dropping to a more sober calf length during the early 1930s, hemlines rose to just below the knee during WWII, partly due to mandatory fabric rationing during the war (Lehnert 2000). [PAR] After the end of wartime restrictions on cloth, women were ready for elegance and femininity, and the fashion industry promoted the \u201cNew Look\u201d epitomized by Christian Dior. The New Look was mature and sophisticated, with an exaggerated hourglass figure and long, lavish hemlines (Steele 1997). While the New Look reflected the \u201cbest years of our life\u201d consumerism that followed WWII, the \u201cteddy boys\u201d and beatniks of the Beat generation were already sowing the seeds of discontent in 1950s materialism\u2014a discontent that would find its full voice in the 1960s and dramatically change hemlines forever (Reilly 2003). [PAR] The 1960s and the Politics of the Miniskirt [PAR] Teenagers Create Their Own Political (and Fashion) Space [PAR] Before the 1960s, young women had been expected to dress in the style of their mothers, which was usually"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Nicklaus British Open wins: 1966, 1970, 1978 | Golf.com Jack Nicklaus British Open wins: 1966, 1970, 1978 | Golf.com [PAR] Photo: Peter Robinson [PAR] Jack Nicklaus won three British Opens in his career. [PAR] 1966 British Open: Kilt-high grass lined the fairways and the sun baked the greens, but canny Jack Nicklaus persevered to win the 106th British Open [PAR] By Alfred Wright [PAR] When Jack Nicklaus approached the 18th green at Muirfield last Saturday afternoon the largest crowd in Scotland's long golfing history let go a roar of acclaim. Instead of responding like the certain winner he seemed to be, Nicklaus gave the appreciative gallery a tentative wave of the hand and a momentary smile, and then lapsed back into a deep frown of concentration. He had only to two-putt from 22 feet to win the 106th British Open, but the 75-year-old Muirfield course had made its impression. All week long it had seemed to submit to one or another of the game's best players, and then had used its knee-high rough and glass-slick greens to nullify their accomplishments. Cautiously, Nicklaus stroked his first putt to within six inches of the hole. He marked his ball\u2014partly as a courtesy to Phil Rodgers, who putted out, and partly out of real concern about this last shot. When the moment arrived, Nicklaus bent over his minuscule putt, and the only sound to be heard was the far-off atonal argument of sea gulls. He tapped it in, of course, for a two-under-par 282 that defeated Doug Sanders and Dave Thomas by a stroke. Then, and only then, did he let himself believe he had finally won the last major golf title to have eluded him. As the applause soared, his smile grew wider and wider, and he kept raising his arms from his sides, like a sleepy man reluctantly doing his morning exercises. But the fearful concentration that Muirfield had exacted from him was going to take a long time to wear off, for once again an historic British golf course had proved to be an historic test of skill. Complete article [PAR] 1970 British Open: Despite a putting touch that abandoned him at times, Jack Nicklaus hung on to win his second British Open title last week, conquering Doug Sanders in a playoff and St. Andrews' Old Course in a breeze [PAR] By Dan Jenkins [PAR] Amid the gloomy and yet intoxicating old ruins of the town called St. Andrews and on the golf course that held the first cleat, history and tradition were caned and flogged all last week in a musty thing called the British Open by a cast of modern hustlers and legends. It was as if the Wimpy and the Whippy had come to the Royal and Ancient, along with black-eyed peas and corn bread: as if, for a while, the oldest course were only a stroll through Carnaby Street. While Tony Jacklin shot the heather off the land, Lee Trevino shot down a prime minister. And then while Jack Nicklaus played himself into the immortality of the record books, the lord of night life, Sir Douglas Sanders, played himself back from nowhere and into the hearts of those who savor the three-piece, phone-booth golf swing. It was one of the most thrilling major championships that had been staged in years, one that suffocated in all kinds of atmosphere. It had overtones of America against the world, elements of the best and worst of shotmaking, ghastly pressure, enormous crowds, a buffet of seaside weather, the purity of British humor, the suspense of overtime \u2014"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Radio 4 - 1968, Rivers of Blood, The Real Source BBC - Radio 4 - 1968, Rivers of Blood, The Real Source [PAR] CRACKING ENOCH'S CODE [PAR] Rob Shepherd, the presenter, gives his own views on that fateful speech by Enoch Powell: [PAR] Trying to fathom what was in Enoch Powell's mind when he made his explosive 'rivers of blood' on 20th April 1968 has been like reading a detective novel when one knows 'whodunit', but the motive remains a mystery till the very end. Along the way there are plenty of plausible theories, but the facts never quite fit. [PAR] While making BBC Radio 4's 1968: Rivers of Blood - the Real Source, I wanted to discover what suddenly drove a widely respected politician, such as Powell, to highlight lurid allegations about immigrants, repeat racist language and speak in apocalyptic terms? Was he genuinely voicing his constituents' concerns? Was he racist? Was he trying to do down his arch-rival, Edward Heath, the then Tory leader? Or was something else preying on Powell's mind? [PAR] I first tried to crack this mystery when, after Powell lost his seat in the Commons in 1987, I produced a television profile of him with Nick Ross for Channel 4. We filmed Powell for several hours in his small study at his London home one sultry July day. As the temperature from the TV lights soared, Powell, who was wearing his customary three-piece suit, remained as cool as a cucumber. 'I can take the heat', he assured us, because he had spent several years in India during the 1940s. [PAR] I was struck then by India's impact on Powell. He had returned to England in 1946 determined to become viceroy, but independence the following year shattered his ambition - after hearing the news, he wandered London's night-time streets in despair. But he was Delphic about any link with his 'rivers of blood' speech. (308) [PAR] The theory that Powell was motivated by racism was disproved when I again filmed Powell in 1993 for a Channel 4 series on post-war Britain, What Has Become Of Us, that I made with the historian, Peter Hennessy. Powell recalled on camera one of his finest parliamentary speeches, when he accused the Tory Government in 1959 of having failed African detainees who had beaten and murdered in British-ruled Kenya. Powell told us how, having savaged his fellow Tories, he sat down in the Commons and wept. As he spoke, we noticed the tears were flowing again, 34 years later. Powell's withering assault and his emotional reaction were not the behaviour of a racist. [PAR] A few years before Powell's death in 1998, I was commissioned to write an unofficial biography. He put no obstacles in my way, but did not allow me see his private papers. I discovered that before his fateful speech, Powell had confided in a journalist friend, telling him that 'the stars' from the 'rocket' he was about to launch would stay in the sky for a long time. This incident proved that Powell intended to shock people with his 'rivers of blood' speech. He had been frustrated that his constituents' concerns were being ignored, and by making the issue of immigration his own, so he thought, he would boost his chances of usurping Heath as Tory leader. [PAR] But a final piece of the jigsaw was missing. Then, a year or so ago, I was contacted out of the blue by a Cambridge historian, Peter Brooke, who was researching Powell's private papers, now held at the Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge. He'd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abolition of capital punishment in the UK Abolition of capital punishment in the UK [PAR] until the passing of the [PAR] Northern Ireland [PAR] (Emergency Powers) Act 1973. Nobody was executed there after 1961, however. [PAR] Capital punishment has now been totally abolished for all civil crimes, having remained on the statute book for high treason and piracy. (There had been no executions for either of these crimes since 1946, when two men were hanged for treason.) [PAR] In October 1998, the government introduced an amendment to the Human Rights Bill that abolished the death penalty as a possible punishment for military offences under the Armed Forces Acts. There were five military wartime capital offences: serious misconduct in action, communicating with the enemy, aiding the enemy or furnishing supplies, obstructing operations or giving false air signals, mutiny to incitement to mutiny or failure to suppress a mutiny. The last execution under military law was in 1942. [PAR] On the 10th of December 1999, International Human Rights Day, the government ratified Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights thus totally abolishing capital punishment in [PAR] Britain [PAR] . [PAR] Historical background. [PAR] Capital punishment had first been abolished in the 11th century by William the Conqueror but was reinstated by his son William Rufus. Efforts to have the death penalty abolished had been going on since the late 1700's. In 1770, Sir William Meredith suggested that Parliament consider \"more proportionate punishments.\" His proposal was rejected but it opened up the debate. With over a thousand people a year being sentenced to death (although only a small proportion actually executed), it was clearly a debate that was needed. Sir Samuel Romilly, 1757-1818, attempted to get parliament to de-capitalise minor crimes. On [PAR] the 17th of January 1813 [PAR] , he introduced a Bill in the House of Commons \"to repeal so much of the Act of King William as punishes with death the offence of stealing privately in a shop, warehouse or stable, goods of the value of 5s\" (25p). This is what we call shoplifting now. This Bill was thrown out by the House of Lords. [PAR] After Romilly's death in 1818, Sir James Mackintosh, who supported Romilly's proposals for reducing the severity of the criminal law, took up the abolitionist's cause. On [PAR] the 2nd of March 1819 [PAR] , he carried a motion against the government for a committee to consider capital punishment, by a majority of 19. In 1820, he introduced 6 bills embodying the recommendations of the committee, only three of which became law. Lord Eldon - the Lord Chancellor secured an amendment to keep the death penalty for stealing to the value of more than \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd10. On [PAR] the 21st of May 1823 [PAR] , Mackintosh put forward a further 9 proposals to parliament for abolishing the punishment of death for less serious offences. He wanted to make forgery a non capital crime but this was opposed by Sir Robert Peel. However, it was declassified as a capital crime in 1832. This was important because a conviction for forgery generally did result in the execution of the culprit. [PAR] Over the first 68 years of the 19th century, other individuals and pressure groups were to lend their voices to the argument in favour of abolition with some success. Several, including author Charles Dickens and the Quaker movement campaigned for ending of public executions, which occurred in 1868. The public enjoyed these far more than was thought good for them. The Establishment has never been happy about the ordinary people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FURNITURE SHOWROOMS! Habitat 1964 store, Paris \u2013 France ... FURNITURE SHOWROOMS! Habitat 1964 store, Paris \u2013 France \u00bb Retail Design Blog [PAR] FURNITURE SHOWROOMS! Habitat 1964 store, Paris \u2013 France [PAR] January 17th, 2014 by retail design blog [PAR] It was in 1964 that British designer Terence Conran opened his first Habitat store on London\u2019s Fulham road, introducing a new approach towards design for the home to a wide audience. Only a few years later habitat expanded to France where it has become equally successful with its accessible designs, and now operates 25 stores. [PAR] And it\u2019s in Paris, almost 50 years later, where Habitat opens up an interesting vintage design and fahion concept on sat \u2013 jun 8. called Habitat 1964, it\u2019s located smack in the middle of the St.-Ouen flea market on the northern outskirts of the French capital and occupies a rather vast industrial complex of no less than 25,000 sqm. [269,098 sq.ft.]. Habitat will be the anchor tenant and has teamed up with high-end fashion retailer l\u2019\u00c9claireur for the launch of this retail project, which initially opens up just a part of the premises. [PAR] While the first exhibits carefully sourced furniture pieces and homewares from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s in a spacious warehouse, the latter occupies a separate building, showcasing apparel items and accessories from its very own contemporary fashion archives, in addition to pieces from merging designers and select design objects. But that\u2019s not all, folks! And when the vintage shopping and browsing starts to take its toll, la Buvette comes to the rescue. Housed in a cutesy white brick building, this caf\u00e9 has a fresh, modern setting and serves a range of tasty cakes and beverages. An outdoor terrace is readily available when the sun is out. Please note that this vintage haven is open on weekends and holidays only."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Radio Caroline - Nostalgia Central Radio Caroline [PAR] Radio Caroline [PAR] by \u2022 Music - 1960s , Music - 1970s \u2022 Tags: Radio [PAR] The first British pirate radio station, Radio Caroline, was founded by Ronan O'Rahilly in 1964. [PAR] Having persuaded five City millionaires to back him, he acquired a ship, a crew of disc jockeys and engineers, two 10-kilowatt transmitters (\u00a350,000 apiece) and a stack of records. [PAR] The station started broadcasting on 29 March 1964, when DJ Simon Dee uttered the words, \"Hello everybody. This is Radio Caroline, broadcasting on 199, your all-day music station\". [PAR] He was speaking from a small studio onboard the 702 ton former passenger ferry Frederica, known to its listeners as Radio Caroline. [PAR] As was the case with most European countries, British law only prohibited commercial radio broadcasting on land. By basing itself in the North Sea, Caroline was able to exploit this legal loophole, providing British teenagers with all-day rock & roll fun, while simultaneously providing O' Rahilly with all-day profit from advertisers. [PAR] The DJ's on Caroline took their shore leave in Holland and Dutch boats carried their supplies and records to the ship. [PAR] All British offshore pirate radio stations were silenced by the government's Marine Offences Act in Autumn 1967. The banning coincided with the launch of Radio One by the BBC - which was created as a carbon copy of the pirate stations. [PAR] Caroline continued to broadcast for six months, but the lack of advertising, failing morale of the DJ's (who were all now exiles from the UK) and the huge distances over which supplies had to be transported, gradually wore the station down. [PAR] Their continued broadcasting, though, was an embarrassment to the Labour government which had vowed to sink the pirates. [PAR] Both Caroline ships went silent in early March 1968 and were towed from their anchorages to Holland, where they gradually deteriorated as they were looted and vandalised. The MV Caroline eventually went to the scrapyard, but Mi Amigo was rescued and was ultimately taken back to sea. Radio Caroline was back. [PAR] For a while the station broadcast Dutch language (and style) radio during the day and English Caroline programmes at night, before the Mi Amigo was towed to a desolate anchorage in the Knock Deep at the mouth of the Thames Estuary visible from neither the Kent or Essex coasts. [PAR] At this location - and ostensibly operated and supplied from Playa De Aro in Spain - Radio Caroline and the ship commenced their next six lonely, difficult but remarkable years. [PAR] Rather than compete with Radio One , Ronan O'Rahilly decreed that Caroline should now play only album music. Listeners were now subjected to a diet of Led Zeppelin , Eric Clapton , Jethro Tull , Yes , Lynyrd Skynyrd , Barclay James Harvest and their ilk. [PAR] On 19 March 1980 Mi Amigo broke anchor and - lifted by the rising tide - was pounded on the seabed, with many leaks springing up in the engine and generator rooms at the stern. After struggling for eight hours with portable pumps the crew admitted defeat. [PAR] Tom Anderson and DJ Stevie Gordon told listeners \"It's not a very good occasion really, we have to hurry this because the lifeboat is waiting. We're not leaving and disappearing, we're going into the lifeboat hoping that the pumps can take it, if so, we'll be back, if not, well we really don't like to say it. I'm sure we'll be back one way or another. For the moment from all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ham the astrochimp: hero or victim? | Science | The Guardian Ham the astrochimp: hero or victim? | Science | The Guardian [PAR] Ham the astrochimp: hero or victim? [PAR] Spare a thought for Ham the Chimp, an object and victim in the human race for space. [PAR] A terrified Ham reaches out for an apple after his space flight in 1961. Photograph: National Archives [PAR] Monday 16 December 2013 07.28 EST [PAR] Last modified on Friday 16 October 2015 10.08 EDT [PAR] Go visit: National Museum of Health and Medicine , Washington D.C. [PAR] Last week, I had the great privilege of meeting primatologist Dr Jane Goodall . (I am writing a profile of her for the Wellcome Trust \u2019s exciting new online life science magazine Mosaic , due to launch in the new year). In our conversation we briefly touched on the life of Ham, a chimpanzee who has interested me for several years. Goodall\u2019s dismay at Ham\u2019s treatment has caused me to reconsider how his story should be told. [PAR] If you\u2019ve never heard of Ham, he was one of hundreds of experimental animals unwittingly enrolled into NASA\u2019s Project Mercury , a programme that sought to put a (hu)man into space. Shortly after he was born in 1957, in what was then French Cameroons , the US Air Force engaged collectors to source some chimps from the native forest. Three years later, more than a dozen animals flew from Africa to the US, entering into what was referred to as the \u201cSchool for Space Chimps\u201d at the Holloman Air Force Base in Alamagordo, New Mexico. [PAR] One of them \u2013 subject 65, aka Ham (Holloman Aerospace Medical Center) \u2013was head of the class. He was fit, was comfortable being strapped into his \u201ccouch\u201d and quickly learned the lever-pushing tasks required of him. \u201cHe was wonderful,\u201d recalled his handler Edward Dittmer for a book entitled Animals in Space . \u201cHe performed so well and was a remarkably easy chimp to handle. I\u2019d hold him and he was just like a little kid.\u201d [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Ham in his capsule, with his handler Edward Dittmer (left). Photograph: NASA [PAR] In early 1961, Ham and the next five most promising primates were flown to Cape Canaveral in Florida to prepare for an experimental flight. The purpose of this mission, according to a NASA press release issued on 28 January 1961, was to provide \u201ca check of the craft\u2019s environmental control and recovery systems\u201d and \u201ca first test of the functioning of the life support system during an appreciable period \u2013 nearly five minutes \u2013 of zero gravity.\u201d [PAR] With just days to go, Ham got the nod. Dressed in a nappy, waterproof pants and spacesuit, fitted with sensors to monitor his heart rate, breathing and body temperature during flight, his handlers strapped him into a capsule that would sit inside the nosecone of the Mercury-Redstone 2 rocket. [PAR] When MR-2 took off on 31 January 1961, Goodall was in Africa, where she had recently started her research project on chimpanzees in what was to become Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. When, later on, she saw the footage of Ham recorded during his sixteen-minute ordeal and photographs taken upon recovering his capsule, she was horrified. \u201cI have never seen such terror on a chimp's face,\u201d she told me. [PAR] When I first met Ham in 2007, he\u2019d been dead for a quarter of a century. After his space flight, he spent almost 20 years alone at the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C. before being moved to North"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rolls Royce 1954 - Classic Car Catalogue Rolls Royce 1954 [PAR] Rolls Royce 1954 [PAR] Silver Dawn (6 cyl., 4566 cc; wb: 3050 mm) [PAR] Silver Wraith (6 cyl., 4566 cc; wb: 3225/3380 mm) [PAR] Phantom IV (8 cyl., 5675 cc; wb: 3680 mm) [PAR] [PAR] Silver Dawn [PAR] [PAR] OTHER MODELS: SILVER DAWN (Park Ward Conv. Coupe): same specs; 4250 lbs. SILVER WRAITH (Custom coachwork by Park Ward, Hooper and Mulliner, opt.): same specs; 127-in WB. [PAR] *Synchromesh four-speed, optional. [PAR] The Silver Dawn is the most practical and up-to-date design expression so far produced by the makers of \"The finest car in the world.\" It is the first Rolls-Royce yet equipped with standard sedan coachwork produced at the factory, and its fairly compact overall dimensions clearly are intended to appeal to the owner-driver for whom there is no substitute. In fact, the F-head, 4\u00bd-litre engine of this superb car is also common to the Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith and the Sports and Continental Bentleys\u2014the difference being one of compression ratios and accessories. By instituting more economical production without sacrifice of the Rolls-Royce quality, it became possible to market the Silver Dawn abroad at a price far below that of former models. Discriminating buyers in the US were quick to spot this and in 1952 and 1953 more of these cars were sold than of all other Rolls-Royce cars during the previous four years. For 1954, the Rolls-Royce built automatic transmission with fluid coupling is available as an optional extra on both the Dawn and the Wraith. For the first time since its inception, the Silver Dawn is now available on the British market with right-hand drive. The Silver Wraith, with a seven-inch longer wheelbase, continues to feature custom coachwork by leading British craftsmen. [PAR] All the 1954 World's Cars (USA)[DOC] [TLE] Rolls Royce 1952 - Classic Car Catalogue Rolls Royce 1952 [PAR] Rolls Royce 1952 [PAR] Silver Wraith [PAR] Phantom IV [PAR] Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith in common with the export-only Silver Dawn and the Mark VI Bentley is fitted with the larger (4566-cc) engine for 1952. Various catalogued bodies are available. [PAR] From 1952 Silver Wraith has longer body as on R type Bentley and 150 bhp 4566cc engine, and auto option. [PAR] [PAR] Silver Dawn (6 cyl., 4566 cc; wb: 3050 mm) [PAR] The Motor YEAR BOOK, 1953 BRITISH CARS OF 1952 ROLLS-ROYCE [PAR] The modified body and extended frame described in connection with the new Bentley cars also find a place on the Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn model which continues otherwise unchanged as do the longer wheelbase Silver Wraith models. [PAR] As with Bentley, so with Rolls-Royce, however, the left-hand drive models sold in hard currency export markets are now available with the Hydra-Matic transmission originally developed by General Motors Corporation. The installation of this transmission has been fitted in conjunction with the transmission servo-motor in the brake system and the oil pump for the ride control shock absorbers which are well known and established Rolls-Royce features. The technicalities of the new box are discussed in a separate chapter of this year's \"The Motor\" Year Book. [PAR] All automatic schemes have the inherent disadvantage that they cannot weigh the future, and the gear change must therefore be made subsequent and not prior to the event. It seems therefore that the logical European system will be one that eliminates clutch and will provide press-button gear control with some degree of automacity available if the driver wishes to lay it on. Many of these requirements are met by the new system of Hydra-Matic transmission which is now available"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Acropolis - Ancient History Encyclopedia Acropolis - Ancient History Encyclopedia [PAR] Acropolis [PAR] by Joshua J. Mark [PAR] published on 02 September 2009 [PAR] An ` acropolis \u2019 is any citadel or complex built on a high hill. The name derives from the Greek Akro, high or extreme/extremity or edge, and Polis , city , translated as 'High City\u2019, 'City on the Edge\u2019 or 'City in the Air\u2019, the most famous being the Acropolis of Athens , Greece , built in the 5th century BCE. Though the word is Greek in origin, it has come to designate any such structure built on a high elevation anywhere in the world. The Castle Rock in Edinburgh, Scotland , for example, upon which looms the famous castle, was fortified as early as 850 BCE and would be known as an acropolis, as would be those cities of the Maya Civilization which fit that definition, even if they were not built on a natural elevation. Although there were other city-states in ancient Greece boasting an impressive acropolis (such as Thebes , Corinth and, most notably, at Kolona on the Island of Aegina ), and the designation 'acropolis\u2019 was also used in Ancient Rome for a series of buildings set on a higher elevation than the surrounding geography, in modern times the word 'acropolis\u2019 is synonymous with the ancient site at Athens. [PAR] Athens Acropolis [PAR] The Acropolis of Athens was planned, and construction begun, under the guidance of the great general and statesman Pericles of Athens. Over two years of detailed planning went into the specifications and contracting the labour for the Parthenon alone, and the first stone was laid on 28 July 447 BCE, during the Panathenaic festival. Wishing to create a lasting monument which would both honour the goddess Athena (who presided over Athens) and proclaim the glory of the city to the world, Pericles spared no expense in the construction of the Acropolis and, especially, the Parthenon, hiring the skilled architects Callicrates, Mnesikles, and Iktinos and the sculptor Phidias (recognized as the finest sculptor in the ancient world who created the statue of Zeus at Olympia , one of The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) to work on the project. According to the historian Pedley, \u201cthe work\u2026was carried out under the supervision of Phidias. In fact, Plutarch says that Phidias was in charge of the whole of Pericles\u2019 scheme\u201d (251). Hundreds of artisans, metal workers, craftspeople, painters, woodcarvers, and literally thousands of unskilled labourers worked on the Acropolis. Phidias created a gold and ivory statue of Athena which stood either in the Parthenon, known as the Temple of Athena Parthenos ('Athena the Virgin\u2019 in Greek), or in the centre of the Acropolis near the smaller temple of Athena. During the Panathenaic festival, celebrants would carry a new robe to the ancient wooden cult statue of Athena, housed in the Erechtheion . [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The UNESCO site claims: [PAR] The Athenian Acropolis is the supreme expression of the adaptation of architecture to a natural site. This grand composition of perfectly balanced massive structures creates a monumental landscape of unique beauty consisting of a complete series of masterpieces of the 5th century BC. The monuments of the Acropolis have exerted an exceptional influence, not only in Graeco- Roman antiquity, a time when in the Mediterranean world they were considered exemplary models, but in contemporary times as well. [PAR] The Acropolis rises 490 feet (150 metres) into the sky above the city of Athens and has a surface area of approximately 7 acres (3 hectares). The site was a natural"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rosie Lee is Cockney Rhyming Slang for Tea! Rosie Lee is Cockney Rhyming Slang for Tea! [PAR] Rosie Lee is Cockney slang for Tea. [PAR] \"Cup of Rosie luv?\" [PAR] Rosie Lee (or Rosy Lee) is one of the most well-known of all Cockney slang. In fact it has broken out and is used all over Britain. [PAR] Many people think it is named after Gypsy Rose Lee , the American stripper and burlesque artist. This is debatable but just possible - she was born in 1911 and the expression was first recorded in the 1920s.[DOC] [TLE] R is for Rosie Lee-The A-Z Of Cockney Rhyming Slang. \u2013 The ... R is for Rosie Lee-The A-Z Of Cockney Rhyming Slang. \u2013 The Incoherent Ramblings Of A Moose [PAR] April 21, 2016 at 11:33 am [PAR] Intravenous Iron Infusion . . . . I have never heard of that, is it part of your magnetic personality HAH ah a ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha hah ah ah ah ha ha (sorry about that). [PAR] Rosie Lee thats sort of like cross me palm with silver (definitely not iron) and I will look into the tea leaves and see what the future holds . . . . . . . . . Hang on yes I see an new convenient invention something called the Teabag . . . . . . . . . DAMN. [PAR] Hope you are feeling OK what you need it Iron Bru. . . Although it is a rather distinctive taste one most folk would describe as YUCK and it more sugar than iron"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jaws 2 (1978) - IMDb Jaws 2 (1978) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Police chief Brody must protect the citizens of Amity after a second monstrous shark begins terrorizing the waters. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 07 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 27 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 25 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Jaws 2 \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] The sons of police chief Brody must protect civilians at a SeaWorld theme park after a 35-foot shark becomes trapped in the park with them. [PAR] Director: Joe Alves [PAR] Chief Brody's widow believes that her family is deliberately being targeted by another shark in search of revenge. [PAR] Director: Joseph Sargent [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X [PAR] A giant great white shark arrives on the shores of a New England beach resort and wreaks havoc with bloody attacks on swimmers, until a part-time sheriff teams up with a marine biologist and an old seafarer to hunt the monster down. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] Searching for a cure to Alzheimer's disease a group of scientists on an isolated research facility become the bait as a trio of intelligent sharks fight back. [PAR] Director: Renny Harlin [PAR] The beaches of the Baltic Sea are terrorized by a shark. The military manage to destroy it, but the shark returns in spectral form. [PAR] Directors: Sergey A., Ivan Yakovidish [PAR] Stars: Sergey A., Krolik Black, Eldar Bogunov [PAR] Three people attempt to stop a gigantic crocodile, who is terrorizing residents in Black Lake, Maine. [PAR] Director: Steve Miner [PAR] While Sheriff Brackett and Dr. Loomis hunt for Michael Myers, a traumatized Laurie is rushed to hospital, and the serial killer is not far behind her. [PAR] Director: Rick Rosenthal [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Four years after the events of the original \"Jaws\", the town of Amity suddenly experiences series of mysterious boating accidents and disappearances. Chief of Police, Martin Brody, fears that another shark is out there, but he is ignored by the townsfolk. Unfortunately, he's right. There is another Great White in the sea. And it wants revenge. Written by darkmage7280 [PAR] Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water... See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 16 June 1978 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Although the first film was commended for leaving the shark to the imagination until two thirds of the way through, Jeannot Szwarc felt that they should show it as much as possible because the dramatic \"first image of it coming out of the water\" in the first film could never be repeated. Szwarc believed that the reduction of the first film's Hitchcockian suspense was inevitable because the audience already knew what the shark looked like from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the national flower of England? | Reference.com What is the national flower of England? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the national flower of England? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The national flower of England is the Tudor rose, otherwise called The Rose of England. The Tudor rose became popular after being adopted by Henry VII in the late 15th century. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Tudor rose has a similar appearance to a traditional rose but has an inner layer of white petals that are surrounded by red petals. When Henry VII was the king of England, there was a civil war, led by the House of York on one side and the House of Lancaster on the other. The House of York wore white roses as its symbol while the Lancasters wore red roses. The Tudor rose was a symbol that peace had been reached because it was a mix of both.[DOC] [TLE] National, Native and Popular Flowers of UK - The Flower ... National, Native and Popular Flowers of UK - The Flower Expert - Flowers Encyclopedia [PAR] Buy From OurStores [PAR] National, Native and Popular Flowers of UK [PAR] UK (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), a constitutional monarchy comprising four constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, is a country and sovereign state to the northwest of mainland Europe. [PAR] National Flower of UK [PAR] Since United Kingdom is a conglomeration of four countries-England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, it has separate national flowers for each of these country. [PAR] The Tudor Rose also known as an English Rose is a traditional heraldic emblem of England and takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty. The shamrock, a three-leafed old white clover is an unofficial symbol of Northern Ireland. Shamrocks are said to bring good luck and also used as a badge for sports teams, state organizations, and troops abroad from Ireland. On the other hand the Thistle, a prickly-leaved purple flower is the national flower of Scotland, and is featured in many Scottish symbols and logos. Thistle was first used in the fifteenth century as a symbol of defense. Daffodil which is botanically known as Narcissus serves as the national flower of Wales where it is traditional to wear a daffodil on Saint David's Day. [PAR] Other Native and Popular Flowers of UK [PAR] Although the majority of flowers sold here are imported because of unfavorable climate, still many flowers are grown in the UK. The Channel Islands are famous for freesia, iris and roses; Cornwall, Lincolnshire and Scotland grow lots of bulb flowers (indeed Lincolnshire growers export daffodils to Holland!) UK growers also produce lilies, summer flowers such as delphiniums and pinks, and large quantities of chrysanthemums. [PAR] The ancient British landscape, and especially some of its distinctive fauna such as the oak tree and the rose, have long been a widely used proxy for the visual representation of British identity. The red rose is the emblem of the Labour Party, the England National Rugby Union. [PAR] Lilies, colorful roses, sunflowers, orchids, gerberas, daffodils and daisy are some of the flowers which are passionately liked by Britishers for the gift purposes on various occasions. [PAR] from our stores - Pickupflowers - the flower expert [PAR] Online Florists UK [PAR] A few of the major online florists who cater to UK are Pickupflowers, Netflora, Oxtonflowers, and Valueflora was established in 2003 as a supplier of low-cost, high quality flowers for every occasion. Based in Manchester, United Kingdom, they deliver flowers direct to the recipient's door in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cooking with Balls at the Testicle Festival (Includes ... Cooking with Balls at the Testicle Festival (Includes interview and first-hand account) [PAR] By Kim I. Hartman Aug 25, 2010 in Food [PAR] Gornji Milanovac - Some men would grimace at the idea of eating the testicles of an animal, but in many cultures they are considered a delicacy, an aphrodisiac and festivals are created to celebrate, prepare and feast on the coveted meat known as the testes. [PAR] Depending on where you live, eating balls may not be that uncommon. You can find them on menus in regions big on cattle ranching including Texas and in farming areas throughout North America. They can be purchased in big city specialty markets where people from foreign countries live, work, eat and shop. [PAR] In the United States they call them Rocky Mountain Oysters or Mountain Oysters, Prairie Oysters, Hog Balls, Calf Fries and Turkey Testicles. They cook and serve them battered, breaded, deep fried and pan fried, as appetizers and main course dishes as well as sliced and fried and made into a sandwich and enjoyed with a number of toppings similar to a po' boy. [PAR] They can originate from beef cattle, pigs, sheep, turkeys and ducks and considering how much beef and pork is consumed in North America, half of these creatures being male, there are plenty of mountain oysters to go around. [PAR] The removal of testicles is common on farms and ranches throughout the world. One West Virginia farm owner Greg Shiley, who's family has farmed for over a hundred years, has been raised around people who harvest the testicles for the food. [PAR] Shiley said, \"As long as he can remember, over 50 years, his neighbors and friends of the family have been dining on mountain oysters. These people love them and they're the first to lend a hand when it's time to for castrating livestock.\" [PAR] \"They have the appearance of tenderized meat, like cubed-steak but when sliced they look just like pork tenderloin,\" Shiley said, and I would have to agree from my view of these massive balls of meat. [PAR] Paul Miller, another farmer and family friend of Shiley's told this journalist \"The meat of the mountain oyster is as tender as the loin itself and tastes just as good or better. It's an acquired taste,\" said Paul, \"but one that once you try it, you'll surely eat them a second time.\" [PAR] I took his word for it and chose not to try them. Shiley doesn't know what they taste like either and he has no intention of eating them but said \"there will always be a market for testicles whether they originate from his livestock pens or are raised on farms around the world.\" [PAR] Some have said they have the consistency of liver and organ meats, and a taste similar to the sweet breads. One man said they tasted like chicken, the 'all to easy answer' when the subtle taste of a meat can be not be described in any other manner. Whether you have the balls (pun intended) to eat testicles, or not, is an entirely different matter. [PAR] The skewers on top are grilled sheep testicles, the ones on the bottom are just normal lamb. [PAR] by fortes-Flickr [PAR] For as many 'testicle aficionado's' that there are in the world there are almost as many chefs with their own special way of preparing and cooking the meat that originates inside the scrotum of mammals. There are even cooking shows devoted exclusively to the preparation of the testicles."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Achilles at pantheon - Encyclopedia Mythica: mythology ... Achilles [PAR] Achilles [PAR] by James Hunter [PAR] Achilles was the son of the mortal Peleus and the Nereid Thetis . He was the mightiest of the Greeks who fought in the Trojan War, and was the hero of Homer's Iliad. [PAR] Thetis attempted unsuccessfully to make her son immortal. There are two versions of the story. In the earlier version, Thetis anointed the infant with ambrosia and then placed him upon a fire to burn away his mortal portions; she was interrupted by Peleus, whereupon she abandoned both father and son in a rage. Peleus placed the child in the care of the Centaur Chiron , who raised and educated the boy. In the later version, she held the young Achilles by the heel and dipped him in the river Styx ; everything the sacred waters touched became invulnerable, but the heel remained dry and therefore unprotected. [PAR] When Achilles was a boy, the seer Calchas prophesied that the city of Troy could not be taken without his help. Thetis knew that, if her son went to Troy, he would die an early death, so she sent him to the court of Lycomedes , in Scyros; there he was hidden, disguised as a young girl. During his stay he had an affair with Lycomedes' daughter, Deidameia, and she had a son, Pyrrhus (or Neoptolemus ), by him. Achilles' disguise was finally penetrated by Odysseus , who placed arms and armor amidst a display of women's finery and seized upon Achilles when he was the only \"maiden\" to be fascinated by the swords and shields. Achilles then went willingly with Odysseus to Troy, leading a host of his father's Myrmidons and accompanied by his tutor Phoenix and his close friend Patroclus. At Troy, Achilles distinguished himself as an undefeatable warrior. Among his other exploits, he captured twenty-three towns in Trojan territory, including the town of Lyrnessos, where he took the woman Briseis as a war-prize. Later on Agamemnon , the leader of the Greeks, was forced by an oracle of Apollo to give up his own war-prize, the woman Chryseis , and took Briseis away from Achilles as compensation for his loss. This action sparked the central plot of the Iliad, for Achilles became enraged and refused to fight for the Greeks any further. The war went badly, and the Greeks offered handsome reparations to their greatest warrior; Achilles still refused to fight in person, but he agreed to allow his friend Patroclus to fight in his place, wearing his armor. The next day Patroclus was killed and stripped of the armor by the Trojan hero Hector , who mistook him for Achilles. [PAR] Achilles was overwhelmed with grief for his friend and rage at Hector. His mother obtained magnificent new armor for him from Hephaestus , and he returned to the fighting and killed Hector. He desecrated the body, dragging it behind his chariot before the walls of Troy, and refused to allow it to receive funeral rites. When Priam , the king of Troy and Hector's father, came secretly into the Greek camp to plead for the body, Achilles finally relented; in one of the most moving scenes of the Iliad, he received Priam graciously and allowed him to take the body away. [PAR] After the death of Hector, Achilles' days were numbered. He continued fighting heroically, killing many of the Trojans and their allies, including Memnon and the Amazon warrior Penthesilia. Finally Priam's son Paris (or Alexander), aided by Apollo, wounded Achilles in the heel with an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ali\u2019s body returns to Louisville | Newsradio 1240 & 107.5 ... Ali\u2019s body returns to Louisville | Newsradio 1240 & 93.5 FM WTAX [PAR] Ali\u2019s body returns to Louisville [PAR] 8 months ago in Sports [PAR] Photo: YouTube [PAR] The body of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali arrived in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky on Sunday ahead of his funerals this week. [PAR] The sportsman and activist who was known in his early days as the \u2018Louisville Lip\u2019 passed away from septic shock due to unspecified natural causes on Friday, aged 74, in Phoenix, Arizona. He had been hospitalized for respiratory complications stemming from his 32-year battle with Parkinson\u2019s disease. [PAR] A private plane which departed from Arizona carrying Ali\u2019s body, accompanied by his wife Lonnie, and other family members, landed at Louisville International Airport on Sunday afternoon. Several police cars escorted the casket to a local funeral home. The coffin was reportedly wrapped in a black cloth featuring gold Arabic scripture. [PAR] His family will pay their respects privately on Thursday ahead of the public service on Friday, which will take place at the KFC Yum! Center at 2 p.m. local time following a procession. The venue is open to the public and the service will be streamed online. [PAR] Former U.S. President Bill Clinton, comedian Billy Crystal and journalist Bryant Gumbel are set to deliver eulogies at the memorial. [PAR] Family spokesman Bob Gunnell explained the decision to have such a public service, saying, \u201cMuhammad\u2019s extraordinary boxing career only encompasses half his life. The other half was committed to carrying a message of peace and inclusion to the world\u2026 Following his wishes, his funeral will reflect those principals and will be a celebration open to everyone.\u201d [PAR] Ali\u2019s life was celebrated at the King Solomon Missionary Baptist Church, near the home in which he grew up, on Sunday. The congregation stood up to honor Ali during the two-hour service, which was attended by Ali\u2019s younger brother Rahman. [PAR] During an interview with U.K. show \u201cGood Morning Britain,\u201d recorded in Louisville, Rahman came close to tears as he paid tribute to his sibling. [PAR] \u201cI remember my brother as a loving, kind person,\u201d he said during the interview, broadcast on Monday. \u201cWhite, black, whatever you were, he would love you, he loved people. He was a boxer, that was his trade, but his heart was loving and kind. [PAR] \u201cHe would take the shirt off his back to give to you if you needed it, that\u2019s how kind he was. I will miss him\u2026 I\u2019m a very, very emotional person, I\u2019m about to cry. [PAR] Tags: ali, boxer, funerl [PAR] Ridership at Peoria's airport has declined for the first time in four years. [PAR] 11 mins ago in Local [PAR] CPD Officers suspended related to Laquan McDonald shooting [PAR] Fresh [PAR] Four Chicago police officers who were at the scene of the 2014 fatal shooting of Laquan McDonald have been suspended for failing to ensure the dashboard cameras in their squad cars were operating properly. [PAR] 5 hours ago in Local [PAR] Nature museum\u2019s alligator snapping turtle to get bigger home [PAR] Updated [PAR] A nature museum in Chicago says a 10-year-old endangered alligator snapping turtle is doing so well that she's being transferred to a new home. [PAR] 5 hours ago in Local[DOC] [TLE] Ali\u2019s body returns to Louisville | 96.5 WKLH Ali\u2019s body returns to Louisville | 96.5 WKLH [PAR] Ali\u2019s body returns to Louisville [PAR] 8 months ago in Sports [PAR] Photo: YouTube [PAR] The body of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali arrived in his hometown"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIGHT CLUB - Trailer - (1999) - HQ - YouTube FIGHT CLUB - Trailer - (1999) - HQ - YouTube [PAR] FIGHT CLUB - Trailer - (1999) - HQ [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 2, 2009 [PAR] Trailer for David Fincher's film starring Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Helena Bonham Carter, Meat Loaf, Jared Leto, Holt McCallany, Zach Grenier, Richmond Arquette, [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Axilla? | What is? What is the Axilla? | What is? [PAR] Home \u00bb Science \u00bb What is the Axilla? [PAR] What is the Axilla? [PAR] What is the Axilla? [PAR] The axilla is the junction between the inner part of the upper arm and the shoulder. This part is commonly known as the armpit in which many anatomical structures pass through for support of the upper extremities. The axilla is pyramidal in shape. It has an apex which is directed towards the neck area. The base of this pyramid faces downward toward the body. The apex of the axilla is bordered anteriorly by the collar bone or clavicle, posteriorly by the upper border of our shoulder blades called the scapula, and medially by the first rib. The base meanwhile is bordered by several muscles. On the anterior part, the pectoralis major borders it. On the posterior part, some muscles attached to the shoulder blade act as borders. These muscles include the subscapularis and teres major. The latissimus dorsi with attachments to the ribs and trunk also form part of the posterior border for the base of the axilla. Medially, the base is bordered by the muscles in between the ribs, and laterally, the upper part of the humeral shaft along with the coracobrachialis muscle serve as borders. [PAR] Located in the axilla region are lymph nodes, which are important for drainage of lymph from the upper parts of the body including the neck, shoulder, and upper arms or extremities. These lymph nodes are parts of the body\u2019s system to provide immunity from diseases. Another important structure that passes through the axilla is the brachial plexus. This brachial plexus is like a nerve pathway which supplies sensory signals to most parts of the upper arm. If this part is damaged, then one can expect a decrease or absence of normal sensation in the upper arm region. Other structures that pass through the axilla are the axillary artery and veins with their branches, the intercostobrachial nerves, the long thoracic nerve, and the infraclavicular part of the brachial nerve. [PAR] The apocrine glands are also located in the axilla. These glands produce sweat under the arm usually at the onset of puberty. It is also at the time of puberty when hair growth is noticed in the axilla. Because of these changes, various personal hygiene activities are modified and adjusted according to the body\u2019s needs. [PAR] If you like this article or our site. Please spread the word. Share it with your friends/family."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"The Wizard of Oz,\" based on a 1900 novel by L. Frank ... A look back at 'The Wizard of Oz' - Houston Chronicle [PAR] MenuSections [PAR] A look back at 'The Wizard of Oz' [PAR] 'There's no place like home,' but with the prequel in theaters, let's take a look back on the 75th anniversary of the film's premiere [PAR] Photo: Hulton Archive, Getty Images [PAR] Image 1of/20 [PAR] Close [PAR] Image 1 of 20 [PAR] \"The Wizard of Oz,\" based on a 1900 novel by L. Frank Baum, was a smash hit in 1939 and remains one of Hollywood's most cherished classics. [PAR] \"The Wizard of Oz,\" based on a 1900 novel by L. Frank Baum, was a smash hit in 1939 and remains one of Hollywood's most cherished classics. [PAR] Photo: Hulton Archive, Getty Images [PAR] \"The Wizard of Oz,\" based on a 1900 novel by L. Frank... Photo-4297491.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 2 of 20 [PAR] Judy Garland starred as Dorothy, in Victor Fleming's film, \"The Wizard of Oz.\" [PAR] Judy Garland starred as Dorothy, in Victor Fleming's film, \"The Wizard of Oz.\" [PAR] Photo: MGM Studios, Getty Images [PAR] Judy Garland starred as Dorothy, in Victor Fleming's film,... Photo-4297497.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 3 of 20 [PAR] Judy Garland (right) and Billie Burke link hands, surrounded by Munchkins. [PAR] Judy Garland (right) and Billie Burke link hands, surrounded by Munchkins. [PAR] Photo: Getty Images [PAR] Judy Garland (right) and Billie Burke link hands, surrounded by... Photo-4297504.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 4 of 20 [PAR] Margaret Hamilton, as The Wicked Witch of the West, hides behind a tree from Dorothy, played by Judy Garland, and the scarecrow as they make their way down the yellow brick road. [PAR] Margaret Hamilton, as The Wicked Witch of the West, hides behind a tree from Dorothy, played by Judy Garland, and the scarecrow as they make their way down the yellow brick road. [PAR] Photo: Hulton Archive, Getty Images [PAR] Margaret Hamilton, as The Wicked Witch of the West, hides behind a... Photo-4297502.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 5 of 20 [PAR] Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Judy Garland, and Bert Lahr run arm in arm through a field of poppies. [PAR] Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Judy Garland, and Bert Lahr run arm in arm through a field of poppies. [PAR] Photo: Getty Images [PAR] Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Judy Garland, and Bert Lahr run arm in arm... Photo-4297511.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 6 of 20 [PAR] Margaret Hamilton as the Wicked Witch, and a winged monkey look... Photo-4297507.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 7 of 20 [PAR] Bert Lahr in costume as the cowardly lion in the musical \"The Wizard of Oz.\" [PAR] Bert Lahr in costume as the cowardly lion in the musical \"The Wizard of Oz.\" [PAR] Photo: John Kobal Foundation, Getty Images [PAR] Bert Lahr in costume as the cowardly lion in the musical \"The... Photo-4297500.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 8 of 20 [PAR] Dorothy and the Tin Man, seen here in a still from the film \"The Wizard Of Oz,\" directed by Victor Fleming for MGM. [PAR] Dorothy and the Tin Man, seen here in a still from the film \"The Wizard Of Oz,\" directed by Victor Fleming for MGM. [PAR] Photo: Hulton Archive, Getty Images [PAR] Dorothy and the Tin Man, seen here in a still from the film... Photo-4297492.58084 - Houston Chronicle [PAR] Image 9 of 20 [PAR] Frank Morgan as the professor in \"The Wizard Of Oz,\" directed by Victor Fleming for MGM. [PAR] Frank"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Us - Riverside Hotel - Colchester, England About Us - Riverside Hotel [PAR] Riverside Hotel [PAR] 2 North Station Road, Colchester, Essex [PAR] Book your stay at a 17th century building in the heart of England's oldest town [PAR] Need assistance? [PAR] Location [PAR] About Us [PAR] The Riverside Hotel is a 17th Century, Grade 2 listed building. It was built in 1604 and has many original period features. [PAR] The hotel is situated on the banks of the River Colne within England\u2019s oldest recorded town, Colchester. [PAR] The hotel is ideally situated a mere 5 minutes from both the town centre and the beautiful grounds of the Castle Park. Additionally the town\u2019s main train station is only a 10-minute walk away. As such the hotel makes an excellent base for visitors who are visiting Colchester for either business or pleasure. [PAR] We offer very competitive rates, and all our prices include use of the hotel car park as well an English breakfast for all guests. To make your reservation please use the form below or call us on +44 (0) 1206 500 200. [PAR] We look forward to seeing you soon! [PAR] [PAR] Bus [PAR] There are two bus stops very close to the hotel, both on North Station Road. If you are heading towards the town, the closest stop is just outside the One Stop Supermarket. If you are travelling in the opposite direction there is a bus stop next to the HSBC bank. The walk to the hotel from either stop is around 1 minute. [PAR] Train [PAR] From Colchester's main station turn right onto North Station road. Continue across two roundabouts and you will shortly arrive at the hotel - it is a large red building on the bank of the river. The walk is approximately 10 minutes long. [PAR] Our Address[DOC] [TLE] Colchester | Article about Colchester by The Free Dictionary Colchester | Article about Colchester by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Colchester | Article about Colchester by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Colchester [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Acronyms , Wikipedia . [PAR] Colchester [PAR] (k\u014dl`ch\u012dst\u0259r, \u2013ch\u0115s't\u0259r), city (1991 pop. 87,476) and district, Essex, SE England, on the Colne River. The city is a grain and cattle market. The oyster fisheries of the Colne are important; an annual event is the October oyster feast. Other industries are flour milling, malting, and the making of boilers, gas engines, shoes, clothing, and farm machinery. Colchester was one of the great cities of pre-Roman Britain, the capital of the ruler Cunobelin (Shakespeare's Cymbeline). It became an important Roman colony and was the particular object of attack (A.D. 61) by Boadicea Boadicea [PAR] , d. A.D. 61, British queen of the Iceni (of Norfolk), properly called Boudicca. Her husband, King Prasutagus, died in A.D. 59 or 60, leaving half his property to the Roman emperor and half to his daughters. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . To the Anglo-Saxons the place was known as Colneceaster. The witenagemot witenagemot [PAR] [Old Eng.,=meeting of counselors], a session of the counselors (the witan) of a king in Anglo-Saxon England. Such a body existed in each of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. met there in 931. During the English civil war English civil war, [PAR] 1642\u201348, the conflict between King Charles I of England and a large body of his subjects, generally called the \"parliamentarians,\" that culminated in the defeat and execution of the king and the establishment of a republican commonwealth. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hopper Drawing | Whitney Museum of American Art Hopper Drawing | Whitney Museum of American Art [PAR] Whitney Museum of American Art [PAR] Wed\u2013Thurs10:30 am\u20136 pm [PAR] Fri\u2013Sat10:30 am\u201310 pm [PAR] Sun10:30 am\u20136 pm [PAR] Works with Resources for Teachers [PAR] Browse by artist\u2019s name [PAR] The perfect gift for any art enthusiast: [PAR] Memberships start at just $85. [PAR] Explore Hopper\u2019s Studies [PAR] Edward Hopper (1882\u20131967), Study for Nighthawks, 1941 or 1942. Fabricated chalk and charcoal on paper; 11 1/8 \u00d7 15 in. (28.3 \u00d7 38.1 cm). Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase and gift of Josephine N. Hopper by exchange 2011.65 [PAR] Hopper Drawing is the first major museum exhibition to focus on the drawings and creative process of Edward Hopper (1882\u20131967). More than anything else, Hopper's drawings reveal the continually evolving relationship between observation and invention in the artist's work, and his abiding interest in the spaces and motifs--the street, the movie theatre, the office, the bedroom, the road\u2014that he would return to throughout his career as an artist. This exhibition showcases the Whitney's unparalleled collection of Hopper's work, which includes over 2,500 drawings bequeathed to the museum by his widow Josephine Hopper, many of which have never before been exhibited or researched. The exhibition surveys Hopper's significant and underappreciated achievements as a draftsman, and pairs many of his greatest oil paintings, including Early Sunday Morning (1930), New York Movie (1939), Office at Night (1940), and Nighthawks (1942), with their preparatory drawings and related works. This exhibition also features groundbreaking archival research into the buildings, spaces and urban environments that inspired his work. [PAR] Hopper Drawing is organized by Carter E. Foster, Steven and Ann Ames Curator of Drawing. [PAR] Significant support for this exhibition is provided by The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, The Dietrich Foundation, The Selz Foundation, Barney A. Ebsworth, Steve Martin and Anne Stringfield, The Robert Lehman Foundation, Jane Carroll, Aaron I. Fleischman and Lin Lougheed, Arlene and Robert Kogod, and an anonymous donor. [PAR] This exhibition is supported by an indemnity from the Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities. [PAR] Works from the Exhibition [PAR] View more 12 displayed of 34 [PAR] Installation Photography [PAR] Off-site: A Hopper-Inspired Pop-up [PAR] at the Flatiron Building [PAR] In celebration of Hopper Drawing, a life-size window installation of Edward Hopper\u2019s Nighthawks (1942) is on view inside the landmark Flatiron prow , one of the original architectural inspirations for this iconic painting. [PAR] Watch: Edward Hopper\u2019s New York [PAR] A Walking Tour [PAR] Whitney curator Carter Foster visits New York City sites\u2014including the Flatiron building\u2014that inspired Hopper\u2019s iconic paintings. [PAR] To activate closed captioning on this video, play the video. A CC button will appear on the player controls, and will give you the option to display captions in English. For more information, visit the accessibility page . [PAR] In the News [PAR] \"The back and forth between the works on paper and on canvas makes the show doubly illuminating, and thrilling.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George III - British History - HISTORY.com George III - British History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] George III: Birth and Education [PAR] The Georgian era (1714-1830) spanned the combined reigns of the five British monarchs from the Electorate of Hanover, a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. George III was the first Hanoverian king born in England rather than Germany. His parents were Frederick, prince of Wales, and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The planet Uranus was originally named \"Georgium sidus,\" the Georgian Star, after King George III of England, who had funded the 40-foot telescope William Herschel used in its discovery. [PAR] On his father\u2019s death in 1751, the 12-year-old George became prince of Wales. He was cared for in relative isolation by his mother and tutored by the Scottish nobleman Lord Bute. [PAR] George III: Early Reign [PAR] George III became king of Great Britain and Ireland in 1760 following his grandfather George II\u2019s death. In his accession speech to Parliament, the 22-year-old monarch played down his Hanoverian connections. \u201cBorn and educated in this country,\u201d he said, \u201cI glory in the name of Britain.\u201d [PAR] A year after his coronation, George was married to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the daughter of a German duke. It was a political union\u2014the two met for the first time on their wedding day\u2014but a fruitful one, producing 15 children. [PAR] George III worked for an expedited end to the Seven Years\u2019 War (1756-63), taking a position that forced his influential war minister William Pitt the Elder (who wanted to broaden the conflict) to resign in 1761. The next year George appointed Lord Bute as his prime minister, the first in a quick succession of five ineffective ministers. [PAR] In 1764 Prime Minister George Grenville introduced the Stamp Act as a way of raising revenue in British America. The act was fervently opposed in America, especially by the pamphleteers whose paper would be taxed. Parliament would repeal the act two years later, but mistrust persisted in the colonies. [PAR] George III: The American Revolution [PAR] In 1770 Lord North became prime minister, beginning a 12-year period of parliamentary stability. In 1773 he passed an act taxing tea in the colonies. The Americans complained of taxation without representation (and staged the Boston Tea Party ), but North held firm with George\u2019s backing. [PAR] The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord . The next year, the Declaration of Independence laid out the Americans\u2019 case for freedom, portraying George III as an inflexible tyrant who had squandered his right to govern the colonies. In reality the situation was more complex: Parliamentary ministers, not the crown, were responsible for colonial policies, though George still had means of direct and indirect influence. [PAR] The king was reluctant to come to terms with his army\u2019s defeat at Yorktown in 1781. He drafted an abdication speech but in the end decided to defer to Parliament\u2019s peace negotiations. The 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the United States and ceded Florida to Spain. [PAR] George III: Later Rule and Mental Illness [PAR] At the end of 1783, Lord North\u2019s coalition was forced out by William Pitt the Younger, who would be prime minister for more than 17 years. In 1778 George lapsed into a months-long period of violent insanity. He was restrained with a straitjacket and suffered various treatments as crisis of rule unfolded around him. He recovered the next year and reigned for the next 12 as a newly beloved monarch and symbol of stability in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sarkozy appoints Francois Fillon as French PM \u2014 RT News Sarkozy appoints Francois Fillon as French PM \u2014 RT News [PAR] Sarkozy appoints Francois Fillon as French PM [PAR] Published time: 18 May, 2007 01:25 [PAR] Edited time: 18 May, 2007 05:25 [PAR] Francois Fillon has been appointed the new Prime Minister of France, taking over from Dominique de Villepin. President Nicolas Sarkozy made the appointment on his first day in office. [PAR] During a ceremony at Matignon, the Prime Minister's official residence, Dominique de Villepin handed over power. [PAR] \u201cNaturally, I would like to wish Francois Fillon good luck and to give him my hopes and my trust. He has all of the talents to succeed at the service of our country. Thank you, Francois and good luck,\u201d he said. [PAR] Mr Fillon is a moderate right wing reformer. As Minister for Social Affairs under Chirac, he pushed through a controversial pensions overhaul, despite mass street protests. [PAR] President Sarkozy plans to pass a series of reforms as soon as possible: to cut taxes, curb trade union power and make work contracts more flexible. Some of the reforms could face resistance and the President believes Francois Fillon will help to push them through. [PAR] \u201cThe presidential elections have brought in a new political path chosen by the citizens. It's my duty, and I will respect all of the commitments that we've taken because the renovation of political life is at stake. I will be listening to all of the French because as France is changing, it needs everyone,\u201d said the new France\u2019s Prime Minister. [PAR] Nicolas Sarkozy's promises to boost France\u2019s stagnating economy appealed to French voters. [PAR] As concerns what the voters themselves think, one of them, Musher Papazian, used to run a Russian restaurant in Paris, but value added tax (VAT) in the catering business was too high and he was forced to sack his employees and close down his business. Instead, he opened a Russian grocery store. [PAR] \u201cMany politicians promised to lower VAT, but no one actually did. We chose Sarkozy because he said he will create favourable conditions for small businesses by lowering taxes,\u201d said Musher Papazian. [PAR] He hopes Sarkozy will make running his business more lucrative, and that the empty promises of past governments won\u2019t be repeated. [PAR] It's not only domestic policy that the new government wants to change. It's also expected to take a more pro-American foreign policy stance. But the new Prime Minister says relationships with other countries like Russia will also be important. [PAR] \u201cWe think Russia is a great country not only in the geographical sense of the word. It plays a huge role in the world\u2019s politics. We respect Russia and want to develop our relations with it,\u201d claims Francois Fillon. [PAR] Nicolas Sarkozy is set to announce the rest of his 15 member cabinet on Friday. However, Fillon's post is not yet set in stone. First the President\u2019s UMP party must win a majority in June\u2019s parliamentary elections.[DOC] [TLE] Sarkozy names Fillon as French prime minister | World news ... Sarkozy names Fillon as French prime minister | World news | The Guardian [PAR] World news [PAR] Sarkozy names Fillon as French prime minister [PAR] The French president, Nicolas Sarkozy (r) shakes hands with the country\u0092s new prime minister, Fran\u00e7ois Fillon. Photograph: Patrick Kovarik/Getty Images [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, has appointed his close adviser and fellow reformer Fran\u00e7ois Fillon as the country's new prime minister. [PAR] Mr Fillon, 53, is a former social affairs minister,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital of Germany | Article about Capital of Germany by ... Capital of Germany | Article about Capital of Germany by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Capital of Germany | Article about Capital of Germany by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Capital+of+Germany [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . [PAR] Berlin [PAR] (b\u00fbr'l\u012dn`, Ger. b\u0115rl\u0113n`), city (1994 pop. 3,475,400), capital of Germany, coextensive with Berlin state (341 sq mi/883 sq km), NE Germany, on the Spree and Havel rivers. Formerly divided into East Berlin (156 sq mi/404 sq km) and West Berlin (185 sq mi/479 sq km), the city was reunified along with East and West Germany on Oct. 3, 1990. [PAR] Economy [PAR] Due in part to aid from the United States and other Allied powers, West Berlin's recovery after World War II was rapid and substantial. East Berlin, however, saw a period of relative economic decline, though it became the undisputed focal point of development within the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and an important city in Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. Berlin's economy has been primarily industrial, but is becoming increasingly focused on service-sector activities. Electronics and garments are major industries; other manufactures includes textiles, metals, porcelain and china, bicycles, and machinery. The move of the national government to Berlin prompted a building boom during the 1990s, including more than 30 major construction projects in the eastern part of the city and a large aircraft factory on its outskirts. A new central railroad station opened in 2006. [PAR] Institutions and Attractions [PAR] Berlin is a major cultural center, home to orchestras, opera companies, repertory theaters, and museums. It has an excellent public transportation system and is served by two airports. In the Kurf\u00fcrstendamm, the main thoroughfare in the western section of the city, stands the gutted tower of the original Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, left unrestored as a reminder of World War II. A similar memorial, the unrestored remains of the St. Nicholas Church, were formerly preserved in E Berlin, but beginning in the 1980s it was reconstructed and is now part of the Berlin City Museum. The Berlin Cathedral (1894\u20131905), located on Museum Island (N Spree Island), also was damaged but was reconstructed (1975\u20132002). [PAR] The large Tiergarten park in central Berlin contains the reconstructed Reichstag Reichstag [PAR] [Ger.,=imperial parliament], name for the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, for the lower chamber of the federal parliament of the North German Confederation, and for the lower chamber of the federal parliament of Germany from 1871 to 1945. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. building with its glass dome and the Berlin zoo. On the NE side of the park, along a bend in the Spree River, the Federal Strip houses a number of government buildings, including the enormous Chancellery (opened 2001). The concert hall of the Berlin Philharmonic is on the opposite side of the Tiergarten. At the SE end of the park is Potsdamer Platz, which was the heart of the city in the 1920s and 30s. In the 1990s, it came under commercial and residential renewal, becoming the largest construction site in Europe. The State Opera is in E Berlin, on the famous Unter den Linden, which leads to the Brandenburg Gate, a triumphal arch in the classical style. Near the Gate is the city's 5.5-acre (2.2-hectare) Holocaust memorial (2005). [PAR] Among Berlin's many museums are those in the Cultural Forum in the western part of the city, including the New National Gallery and the Gem\u00e4ldegarie; those in Museum Island in the eastern part of the city, including the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All you want to know about one direction members All you want to know about one direction members [PAR] All you want to know about one direction members [PAR] 5 month ago [PAR] 2980 [PAR] `> [PAR] One direction is an English pop boy band in London, composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, and previously, Zayn Malik until his departure from the band on 25 March 2015 the group signed with the simoom Cowels record label Syco Records after and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor in 2010. Propelled to international success by social media, One Direction's have done four albums, Up All Night (2011), Take Me Home (2012), Midnight Memories (2013) and Four (2014) topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", and \"Story of My Life\". Their fifth studio album, Made in the A.M., was released in November 2015. June 2015, Forbes listed their earnings at $130 million for the previous twelve months and ranked them the fourth highest earning celebrities in the world. [PAR] Liam Payne [PAR] Liam Payne is English singer and song writer, Malik was known as the \"Bradford Bad Boy\" of One Direction. Since joining One Direction, Payne, along with bandmates Niall Horan, Louis Tomlinson, Harry Styles and former bandmate Zayn Malik, have released five commercially successful albums, performed on four worldwide tours, and won multiple awards, including two BRIT Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards. [PAR] Payne has first auditioned for the fifth series of the British singing competition and then after Payne returned to the seventh series of the British Singing Competition the X Factor in 2010.He auditioned with the Michael Buble version of Cry Me a River, which earned him four years and a standing ovation from Cowell. Payne was considered the second favourite to win the competition following his solo audition. He failed to progress to the Boys category at judges' houses.\" Four others in his age group did as well, but after a suggestion by Nicole Scherzinger, a guest judge, they were put together to form a five-piece boy band at Wembley Arena, during the boot camp stage of the competition, thus qualifying for the Groups category. [PAR] [PAR] Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to know each other and to practice. Payne began dating X Factor dancer and online personality Danielle Peazer in 2010 during his time on the X Factor. The couple split briefly in September 2012 before rekindling their romance in December 2012. The couple ended their relationship in April 2013.During their hiatus, Payne briefly dated singer Leona Lewis. Payne began dating Cheryl in 2016. [PAR] Harry Styles [PAR] Harry Edward is an English song writer and singer. He is also known as boy band of one direction, Since joining one direction ,harry along with bandmates Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson, has released five commercially successful albums, performed on two worldwide tours, and won several awards, including five Brit Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards. In addition to singing, harry Styles has also appeared in television and film, including the Nickelodeon series iCarly and the concert film One Direction: This Is Us. [PAR] [PAR] Styles came up with the name One Direction. For their qualifying song at \"judges' houses\", and their first song as a group, One Direction sang an acoustic version of \"Torn\". Simon Cowell later commented that the performance satisfy him that the group \"were confident, fun, like"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Since The Cold War | MI5 - The Security Service Since The Cold War | MI5 - The Security Service [PAR] Since The Cold War [PAR] SINCE THE COLD WAR [PAR] By Professor Christopher Andrew, author of \"The Defence of the Realm\". [PAR] The end of the Cold War, the sudden collapse of the Soviet Bloc in 1989 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union itself in 1991 transformed the priorities of the Security Service. MI5 reported to the Home Secretary that \u2018between 1989 and 1991, the already declining subversive threat reached a new low and the espionage threat from some countries (with the notable exception of Russia) all but disappeared.\u2019 In 1992 MI5 ceased to keep a record of \u2018rank-and-file members of subversive organisations\u2019. [PAR] During the early 1990s the Service became for the first time in its history primarily a counter-terrorist, rather than a counter-espionage, agency. It could not complete the transition, however, until it gained the lead intelligence role against the main current terrorist threat, the Provisional IRA (PIRA) campaign in mainland Britain. On 7 February 1991 a PIRA mortar, fired from a Ford Transit van in Horseguards Avenue, exploded on the Downing Street lawn in the middle of a cabinet meeting. The Prime Minister, John Major, was told that, if the mortar had landed ten feet closer to the Cabinet Room, which overlooks the lawn, \u2018half the Cabinet could have been killed.\u2019 [PAR] The near success of the mortar attack, following the Brighton bombing during the Conservative Party conference seven years earlier, emphasised the need for better intelligence on IRA attacks. The case for transferring the main intelligence responsibility from the Metropolitan Police Special Branch (MPSB) to the Security Service was reinforced by Service successes against PIRA on the continent, where it already had the lead intelligence role. The decision to give the Service the lead role against PIRA in Britain was announced by the Home Secretary, Ken Clarke, to the Commons on 8 May 1991. The official handover from the MPSB took place on 1 October 1991 [PAR] On her appointment as Director General in March 1992, Stella Rimington became the first female head of any of the world\u2019s leading intelligence agencies. Though the first cracks in the glass ceiling which limited women\u2019s employment opportunities in the Security Service had appeared during the First World War, progress had later slowed. In 1972 many female graduates had signed a petition complaining against career discrimination. The biggest obstacle to female promotion was the long-standing belief throughout the British intelligence community that women were unsuitable for agent-running. That barrier was broken in 1978 when Rimington became one of the first female agent-runners. By the time she became DG, over 40% of MI5\u2019s officers (and a majority of other staff) were women. [PAR] Rimington was also the first DG whose appointment was publicly announced. Once she got over the shock of her early encounter with the paparazzi, she began to see media interest and her unprecedented public visibility as a means of helping to \u2018blow away\u2019 myths about the Service. In June 1994 she became the first DG to appear in public when she delivered a televised lecture on \u2018Security and Democracy: Is There a Conflict?\u2019 Later the same year, Rimington appeared before the newly established oversight committee of parliamentarians, the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC): a practice continued by her successors. In 1997 the Service began advertising openly for recruits and releasing its early records to the National Archives. The following year MI5 launched the first version of its Internet website. [PAR] Between 1977 and 1989"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Rubiks Cube - Erno Rubik - About.com Money The History of Rubiks Cube - Erno Rubik [PAR] Model, Emily Dixon playing wth the classic Rubiks Cube at the Toy Fair 2011 at Olympia Exhibition Centre on January 25, 2011 in London, England. Photo by Tim Whitby/Getty Images [PAR] Updated February 03, 2016. [PAR] There is only 1 correct answer and 43 quintillion wrong ones for Rubiks Cube. God's algorithm is the answer that solves the puzzle in the least number of moves. One eighth of the world's population has laid hands on 'The Cube', the most popular puzzle in history and the colorful brainchild of Erno Rubik. [PAR] Enter Erno Rubik [PAR] Erno Rubik was born in Budapest, Hungary during World War II. His mother was a poet, his father an aircraft engineer who started a company to build gliders. Rubik studied sculpture in college, but after graduating, he went back to learn architecture at a small college called the Academy of Applied Arts and Design. He remained there after his studies to teach interior design. [PAR] The Cube [PAR] Rubik's initial attraction to inventing the Cube was not in producing the best selling toy puzzle in history. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 5 Steps to Starting Your Own Business [PAR] The structural design problem interested Rubik; he asked, \"How could the blocks move independently without falling apart?\" In Rubik's Cube, twenty-six individual little cubes or cubies make up the big Cube. Each layer of nine cubies can twist and the layers can overlap. Any three squares in a row, except diagonally, can join a new layer. Rubik's initial attempt to use elastic bands failed, his solution was to have the blocks hold themselves together by their shape. Rubik hand carved and assembled the little cubies together. He marked each side of the big Cube with adhesive paper of a different color, and started twisting. [PAR] An Inventor Dreams [PAR] \"It was wonderful, to see how, after only a few turns, the colors became mixed, apparently in random fashion. It was tremendously satisfying to watch this color parade. Like after a nice walk when you have seen many lovely sights you decide to go home, after a while I decided it was time to go home, let us put the cubes back in order. And it was at that moment that I came face to face with the Big Challenge: What is the way home?\" - Erno Rubik [PAR] See - More Erno Rubik Quotes [PAR] That was how the Cube as a puzzle, was invented in the spring of 1974, when the twenty-nine year old Rubik discovered it was not so easy to realign the colors to match on all six sides. He was not sure he would ever be able to return his invention to its original position. He theorized that by randomly twisting the Cube he would never be able to fix it in a lifetime, which later turns out to be more than correct. He began working out a solution, starting with aligning the eight corner cubies. He discovered certain sequences of moves for rearranging just a few cubies at a time. Within a month, he had the puzzle solved and an amazing journey lay ahead.. [PAR] First Patent [PAR] Rubik applied for his Hungarian patent in January 1975 and left his invention with a small toy making cooperative in Budapest. The patent approval finally came in early 1977 and the first Cubes appeared at the end of 1977. By this time, Erno Rubik was married. [PAR] Two other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Whooping cough | definition of whooping cough by Medical ... Whooping cough | definition of whooping cough by Medical dictionary [PAR] Whooping cough | definition of whooping cough by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/whooping+cough [PAR] Related to whooping cough: croup [PAR] Whooping Cough [PAR] [PAR] Definition [PAR] Whooping cough , also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious disease which causes classic spasms (paroxysms) of uncontrollable coughing, followed by a sharp, high-pitched intake of air which creates the characteristic \"whoop\" of the disease's name. [PAR] Description [PAR] Whooping cough is caused by a bacteria called Bordatella pertussis. B. pertussis causes its most severe symptoms by attaching itself to those cells in the respiratory tract which have cilia. Cilia are small, hair-like projections that beat continuously, and serve to constantly sweep the respiratory tract clean of such debris as mucus, bacteria, viruses, and dead cells. When B. pertussis interferes with this normal, janitorial function, mucus and cellular debris accumulate and cause constant irritation to the respiratory tract, triggering coughing and increasing further mucus production. [PAR] Whooping cough is a disease which exists throughout the world. While people of any age can contract whooping cough, children under the age of two are at the highest risk for both the disease and for serious complications and death . Apparently, exposure to B. pertussis bacteria earlier in life gives a person some immunity against infection with it later on. Subsequent infections resemble the common cold . [PAR] Causes and symptoms [PAR] Whooping cough has four somewhat overlapping stages: incubation, catarrhal stage, paroxysmal stage, and convalescent stage. [PAR] An individual usually acquires B. pertussis by inhaling droplets infected with the bacteria coughed into the air by someone already suffering with the infection. Incubation is the symptomless period of seven to14 days after breathing in the B. pertussis bacteria, and during which the bacteria multiply and penetrate the lining tissues of the entire respiratory tract. [PAR] The catarrhal stage is often mistaken for an exceedingly heavy cold. The patient has teary eyes, sneezing, fatigue , poor appetite, and an extremely runny nose (rhinorrhea). This stage lasts about 10-14 days. [PAR] The paroxysmal stage, lasting two to four weeks, begins with the development of the characteristic whooping cough. Spasms of uncontrollable coughing, the \"whooping\" sound of the sharp inspiration of air, and vomiting are all hallmarks of this stage. The whoop is believed to occur due to inflammation and mucous which narrow the breathing tubes, causing the patient to struggle to get air into his/her lungs; the effort results in intense exhaustion. The paroxysms (spasms) can be induced by over activity, feeding, crying, or even overhearing someone else cough. [PAR] The mucus which is produced during the paroxysmal stage is thicker and more difficult to clear than the more watery mucus of the catarrhal stage, and the patient becomes increasingly exhausted attempting to clear the respiratory tract through coughing. Severely ill children may have great difficult maintaining the normal level of oxygen in their systems, and may appear somewhat blue after a paroxysm of coughing, due to the low oxygen content of their blood. Such children may also suffer from swelling and degeneration of the brain (encephalopathy), which is believed to be caused both by lack of oxygen to the brain during paroxysms, and also by bleeding into the brain caused by increased pressure during coughing. Seizures may result from decreased oxygen to the brain. Some children have such greatly increased abdominal pressure during coughing that hernias result (hernias are the abnormal protrusion of a loop of intestine through a weak area of muscle). Another complicating"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pacific Groves - Plant Descriptions - Fruit Tree Varieties ... Pacific Groves - Plant Descriptions - Fruit Tree Varieties (Peaches, Pears) [PAR] Fruit Tree Varieties [PAR] Babcock Peach [PAR] [PAR] BABCOCK - Medium size fruit with red blush and white flesh. Juicy, non-acid, sweet flavor. Freestone. Low chilling requirement. Ripens in June. Popular for home and commercial use. (Early/self fertile). [PAR] California Curlfree [PAR] [PAR] CALIFORNIA CURLFREE - Known for its resistance to peach leaf curl. Fruit is similar to Redhaven. Good for canning and freezing and eating fresh. Ripens just ahead of Redhaven. Featured in February 1989 issue of Sunset Magazine. (Early-midseason/self- fertile). [PAR] DESERT GOLD - Medium, round fruit. Yellow with red blush. Good quality yellow semi-clingstone flesh. Low chilling requirement. Excellent for warmer regions. Blooms early. Ripens early to mid-June. (Early-midseason/self-fertile). [PAR] Donut [PAR] DONUT - yellow skin with red blush, white flesh. Mildly sweet flavor with a hint of almond. Small to medium donut-shaped peach. Bears early, very low chill. Self-fertle. Excellent variety. [PAR] EARLY ELBERTA (GLEASON STRAIN) - The Gleason Strain is the proven outstanding variety of excellent quality in demand by commercial canners. Fruit is large, golden-yellow with oblong shape. A brighter golden color than Elberta with little or no red blush. Ripens late June to early August. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] ELBERTA - The fruits are large, freestone, colored a deep golden- yellow, blushed red with firm, yellow flesh. Famous for its outstanding shipping qualities. Long the leading major commercial variety in many areas of the U.S. An excellent pollinizer of other varieties. Ripens late July to mid-August. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] Fay Elberta Peach [PAR] [PAR] FAY ELBERTA - Fruit similar to Elberta but more colorful. Yellow freestone flesh. Colorful flowers. Most popular freestone peach for all uses. Medium to low chilling requirement. Ripens several days after Elberta. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] FLAME CREST - This is a large, yellow flesh freestone. Light pubescence, bright red fruit. A vigorous grower and very productive. Ideal for canning and freezing. Ripens late July. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] FROST - This new cultivar is known for its resistance to peach-leaf curl. Frost will develop fruit that is very similar in quality to Redhaven, making it good for canning and freezing. The tree is vigorous and productive and ripens just ahead of Redhaven. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] Florida Prince Peach [PAR] [PAR] FLORIDA PRINCE - New variety from Florida. Very low chilling needs. Larger and 10 days earlier than \"Desert Gold\". High quality fruit. (Early/self-fertile). [PAR] GOLDEN JUBILEE - A popular freestone peach for home canning and local markets. A large yellow peach, blushed with red. Light yellow, firm, melting flesh. Medium chilling requirement. Ripens in early to mid-July. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] Halehaven Peach [PAR] [PAR] HALEHAVEN - Medium to large fruit, red over greenish-yellow, changing to yellow at maturity. Yellow, freestone flesh very flavorful. Vigorous grower. Medium chilling requirement. Ripens mid to late July. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] J.H.HALE - Fruit is very large, freestone, round and uniform. Skin is golden, covered with a brilliant red cheek. Flesh is yellow, solid and meaty, free from stringiness. One of the finest commercial and shipping peaches since 1900. Tree requires good soil and cross pollination. Ripens late July to mid-August. (Mid-late season/needs pollinizer). [PAR] JULY ELBERTA (KIM) - Fruit similar to Elberta. Ripens late June to early July. Medium chilling requirement. Popular commercial variety in California. (Mid-season/self-fertile). [PAR] JUNE GOLD - Low chilling requirement for this medium to large fruit. Skin has red blush over a golden-yellow. Juicy, delicate flavor. Ripens late May to early June. (Early/self-fertile). [PAR] RED BARON - Fruit similar to Rio Oso Gem. Low"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA World Cup: Who Will Win the Golden Boot | Guardian ... FIFA World Cup: Who Will Win the Golden Boot \u00b7 Guardian Liberty Voice [PAR] Share on Facebook Follow on Facebook Add to Google+ Connect on Linked in Subscribe by Email Print This Post [PAR] The Golden Boot in the FIFA World Cup goes to the player who has scored the most goals in the tournament, and with only eight teams left, the question remains, who will win the Golden Boot? In previous years, winners have been such prestigious names as Sandor Kocsis, Just Fontaine, Eusebio, Gerd Muller, Ronaldo, Klose and Thomas Muller. The most recent recipient of the Golden Boot at the FIFA World Cup in South Africa was Thomas Muller. He won by virtue of having more assists than the others tied with five goals in 2010, David Villa, Wesley Sneijder and Diego Forlan. [PAR] This year the race is tight again. The top scorer\u2019s of the tournament so far are James Rodriguez of Columbia with five goals and two assists, Thomas Muller of Germany with four goals and two assists, Lionel Messi of Argentina with four goals and one assist, and Neymar of Brazil with four goal but no assists. Karim Benzema of France is lurking below with three goals and two assists, as are the Dutch pair, Arjen Robben with three goals and one assists and Robin van Persie with three goals. [PAR] Most other players who have two or three goals in the FIFA World Cup have been eliminated already except for Memphis Depay of the Netherlands with two goals and one assist, Jackson Martinez of Columbia with two goals and Bryan Ruiz of Costa Rica with two goals. There are a handful of players left in the tournament with one goal, but barring a miraculous outpouring of goals in the final few games from them, they are likely out of the running for the Golden Boot. [PAR] Five out of the last seven Golden Boot winners at the FIFA World Cup have been players from teams who finished in the top four of the tournament. Finishing in the top four means the players get the chance to play in the maximum seven games possible allowing the best chance to score more goals. In 1994 when the tournament was held in the United States of America, Oleg Salenko became the only player ever to win the Golden Boot and have his team eliminated in the group stages. He scored six goals in three games. In 1986 in Mexico, Gary Lineker won with six goals and England were knocked out of the tournament in the quarterfinals to Argentina. It was the game in which Diego Maradona had his infamous \u201cHand of God\u201d goal, as well as his famous slaloming run through half the English team. [PAR] So it is very likely that a player whose team does not get out of the quarterfinals will not win the Golden Boot this year because their opponents will have two extra games to play. James Rodriguez of Columbia will play Neymar of Brazil on July 4, the winner of that game could very well take a big step in deciding who wins the Golden Boot because if Columbia are knocked out, Rodriguez will be at a disadvantage even if he does earn a goal. He is the only player so far in the tournament to score a goal in every single game he has played. In contrast, if Columbia upset the Brazilians on their home turf, James Rodriguez will take a big step in securing the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dwarves - Tolkien Gateway Dwarves - Tolkien Gateway [PAR] Dwarves [PAR] Dwarves [PAR] \"Who told you, and who sent you?\" \u2014 Gandalf [PAR] This article or section needs more/new/more-detailed sources to conform to a higher standard and to provide proof for claims made. [PAR] Dwarves [PAR] \"A bunch of dwarves\" by Alarie [PAR] General Information [PAR] Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn [PAR] Hair color [PAR] Blond, brown, black, blue, red, and (when older) grey or white [PAR] Weaponry [PAR] Images of Dwarves [PAR] \"Since they were to come in the days of the power of Melkor , Aul\u00eb made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.\" [PAR] The Dwarves, or Khaz\u00e2d in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with Hobbits although long suspicious of Elves . They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivaled in some of their arts even by the Elves. [PAR] While there were several tribes (Houses) of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the Longbeards . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ edit ] Origin [PAR] Unlike Elves and Men , the Dwarves are not counted among the Children of Il\u00favatar . Their creator was Mahal , known as Aul\u00eb the Smith. Aul\u00eb created the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves , from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in Middle-earth . However, Aul\u00eb did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. Il\u00favatar came and reprimanded Aul\u00eb, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Il\u00favatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for Arda . However, Il\u00favatar did not wish them to wake before the Elves , whom he intended to be the first-born. Il\u00favatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Il\u00favatar, but he bade Aul\u00eb lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the Awakening of the Elves . [1] [PAR] Dwarves as portrayed in The Battle for Middle-earth II game. [PAR] The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though Durin I had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke. [2] [3] [PAR] The seven clans of the Dwarves were: [PAR] Firebeards and Broadbeams , originally from Nogrod and Belegost . [PAR] Ironfists and Stiffbeards , originated in the Orocarni in the far East. [PAR] Blacklocks and Stonefoots , originated in the Orocarni. [PAR] Durin settled in the caves above Kheled-z\u00e2ram which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, Khazad-d\u00fbm . Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom. [PAR] There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the Petty-dwarves , who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the Elves in the First Age. [PAR] [ edit ] First Age [PAR] The Dwarves for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Isaac and Ishmael: SOME THINGS WROUGHT BY PRAYER Part 2 Isaac and Ishmael: SOME THINGS WROUGHT BY PRAYER Part 2 [PAR] SOME THINGS WROUGHT BY PRAYER Part 2 [PAR] Part 2 [PAR] 10. Prayer and Interaction with Islam [PAR] After our return to Europe in 1981 - after having been at the Cape for six months - Rosemarie and I were divided on the issue of where we should be serving the Lord. In fact, an old wound had been opened: I yearned to return to my home country even though I knew that it was well nigh impossible. [PAR] My interest in fighting apartheid was definitely not completely altruistic. In order to achieve my heart\u2019s deep desire to return to South Africa, the racist laws had to be dismantled. Rosemarie on the other hand was relieved that we got out of the threatening cauldron more or less unscathed. Our personal experiences and involvement in political turmoil during the first half of 1981 caused fierce resentment in Rosemarie towards South Africa. During tense weeks before our departure for Europe we had to reckon with the possibility of being killed or arrested all the time. The months preceding this event were not easy at all, as we had to struggle through all sorts of apartheid red tape. Then there had been the attitude of locals and that of the churches! On more than one occasion we experienced from close range how the political climate in the country was heating up to near boiling point. But we knew that God had brought us together, and that we had to be called together to whatever country He would choose. With little conviction Rosemarie allowed me to write to the Dorothea Mission to enquire about possibilities and an enquiry to teach at a school in Lesotho came up. But in neither case a door opened. For work among street children in Brazil we did not find complete unity as I still wanted to return to Africa at least. What appeared to us like a stalemate situation was of course not impossible for God! In a sovereign way, He would turn the impasse around to bring us back to South Africa in 1992. We had as yet no clue that our prayerful involvement with the Goed Nieuws Karavaan in Zeist was part and parcel of God\u2019s preparation for an increased role in the loving outreach to Muslims. [PAR] Missionary work in West Africa? [PAR] Since the early 1980s we attended the annual mission conferences in Holland as a family, but everything still seemed far away. In 1988 it appeared as if the \u2018door\u2019s to the mission field were finally opening. The visit of the Dutch AIM (Africa Inland Mission) leaders to our home in Zeist was the catalyst to start using the book Operation World, praying systematically with our children through all the African countries. In this way we hoped to discern in which country the Lord could use us. The effect of these prayers at meal times was initially not positive at all, if not counter-productive. Our sprouts did not seem excited at all at the prospect of having to leave Europe for what they perceived as primitive Africa. But our children now noticed that we meant business. [PAR] All changed when Marry Schotte, a missionary from WEC International, came along with a video of the mission school in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire where she was teaching. Suddenly our children caught the vision to go with us to West Africa. At our extended weekly family devotions, even the little ones now started to pray"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Taxidermy - definition of taxidermy by The Free Dictionary Taxidermy - definition of taxidermy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Taxidermy - definition of taxidermy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/taxidermy [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] tax\u00b7i\u00b7der\u00b7my [PAR] (t\u0103k\u2032s\u012d-d\u00fbr\u2032m\u0113) [PAR] n. [PAR] The art or operation of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of dead animals for exhibition in a lifelike state. [PAR] tax\u2032i\u00b7der\u2032mal, tax\u2032i\u00b7der\u2032mic adj. [PAR] tax\u2032i\u00b7der\u2032mist n. [PAR] taxidermy [PAR] (\u02c8t\u00e6ks\u026a\u02ccd\u025c\u02d0m\u026a) [PAR] n [PAR] (Professions) the art or process of preparing, stuffing, and mounting animal skins so that they have a lifelike appearance [PAR] [C19: from Greek taxis arrangement + -dermy, from Greek derma skin] [PAR] \u02cctaxi\u02c8dermal, \u02cctaxi\u02c8dermic adj [PAR] (\u02c8t\u00e6k s\u026a\u02ccd\u025cr mi) [PAR] n. [PAR] the art of preparing, preserving, and stuffing the skins of animals and mounting them in lifelike form. [PAR] [1810\u201320; < Greek t\u00e1xi(s) arranging (see taxis 1) + d\u00e9rm(a) skin + -y 3] [PAR] tax`i\u2022der\u2032mal, tax`i\u2022der\u2032mic, adj. [PAR] tax\u2032i\u2022der`mist, n. [PAR] taxidermy [PAR] - The stuffing of dead animals. [PAR] See also related terms for stuffing . [PAR] taxidermy [PAR] the art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals so that they appear lifelike. \u2014 taxidermist, n. [PAR] 1. [PAR] taxidermy - the art of mounting the skins of animals so that they have lifelike appearance [PAR] artistry , prowess , art - a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation; \"the art of conversation\"; \"it's quite an art\" [PAR] Translations [PAR] taxidermy [PAR] [\u02c8t\u00e6ksid\u025c\u02d0rmi] n \u2192 taxidermie ftaxi driver n \u2192 chauffeur mf de taxi [PAR] She's a taxi driver \u2192 Elle est chauffeur de taxi ., Elle est chauffeuse de taxi .taxi fare n \u2192 prix m de la course [PAR] taxidermy [PAR] taxidermy [PAR] (\u02c8t\u04d5ksid\u0259\u02d0mi) noun [PAR] the art of preparing and stuffing the skins of animals etc. taksidermie \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 taxidermia taxidermie die Taxidermie udstopning af dyr \u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 taxidermia taksidermia \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc taksidermia taxidermie \u05e4\u05bc\u05b4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05bc\u05e5 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 vje\u0161tina guljenja i nadjevanja \u017eivotinja \u00e1llatkit\u00f6m\u00e9s seni opset uppstoppun d\u00ffra tassidermia \u306f\u304f\u88fd\u8853 \ubc15\uc81c\uc220 i\u0161kam\u0161\u0173 darymas taksidermija, putnu vai zv\u0113ru izb\u0101\u0161ana taksidermi taxidermie utstopping av dyr wypychanie zwierz\u0105t taxidermia taxi\u00addermie, arta \u00eem\u00adp\u0103\u00adierii animalelor \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043b vypch\u00e1vanie zvierat umetnost naga\u010devanja \u017eivali prepariranje uppstoppning av djur \u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e27\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15 hayvan doldurma \u52d5\u7269\u6a19\u672c\u525d\u88fd\u8853 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b \u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u0633 \u0628\u06be\u0631\u0646\u0627 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u1ed3i th\u00fa b\u00f4ng \u52a8\u7269\u6807\u672c\u5265\u5236\u672f [PAR] \u02c8taxidermist noun [PAR] taksidermis \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 taxidermista prepar\u00e1tor der/die Pr\u00e4perator(in) dyreudstopper \u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 taxidermista taksidermist \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627 el\u00e4inten t\u00e4ytt\u00e4j\u00e4 taxidermiste \u05de\u05b0\u05e4\u05b7\u05d7\u05dc\u05b5\u05e5 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0915 nadjeva\u010d \u017eivotianja \u00e1llat(ki)t\u00f6m\u0151 tukang opset ma\u00f0ur sem stoppar upp d\u00ffr tassidermista \u306f\u304f\u88fd\u5e2b \ubc15\uc81c\uc0ac i\u0161kam\u0161\u0173 meistras taksidermists ahli taksidermi taxidermist dyreutstopper , preparant wypychacz zwierz\u0105t taxidermista taxidermist, persoan\u0103 care \u00eemp\u0103iaz\u0103 animale \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0447\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043b prepar\u00e1tor naga\u010devalec preparator konservator, uppstoppare \u0e04\u0e19\u0e17\u0e33\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e27\u0e4c\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e22\u0e31\u0e14\u0e44\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e22\u0e47\u0e1a hayvan doldurucu (\u52d5\u7269\u6a19\u672c)\u525d\u88fd\u5e2b \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0447 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u064a \u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ed3i th\u00fa b\u00f4ng \uff08\u52a8\u7269\u6807\u672c\uff09\u5265\u5236\u5e08"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sundance Film Festival | Sundance Institute 2017 Sundance Film Festival | Now | Sundance Institute [PAR] Sundance Film Festival: Hong Kong [PAR] Film Forward [PAR] Sundance Film Forward is a touring program which introduces a new generation of audiences to the power of story through the exhibition of film and conversations with filmmakers to create greater cultural awareness. [PAR] [PAR] Shorts Tour [PAR] Showcasing a wide variety of story and style, the Sundance Film Festival Short Film Tour is a 95-minute theatrical program of eight short films from the 2016 edition of the January Festival [PAR] [PAR] Utah Community Events [PAR] Programs for Utah audiences to experience independent film, theatre, and music through free screenings and discussions."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Underground - Rick Steves Travel Forum London Underground - Rick Steves Travel Forum [PAR] London Underground [PAR] Please sign in to post. [PAR] London Underground [PAR] Posted by Amy (Canton, USA) on [PAR] 02/27/11 04:55 PM [PAR] This may seem like a dumb question... however, are the undergrounds in London similar to those in the USA where in order to determine which line to board you look for the last stop for direction you are headed? Also, what do the white outlined connected circles refer to? Ie: Kings Cross station [PAR] Thanks in advance for help with my silly questions! [PAR] 02/27/11 05:49 PM [PAR] 6890 posts [PAR] Assuming that you have a good underground map, you won't have any difficulty. As you start down to the platforms, there is clear signage as to where the train is going. Every stop the train will make from the station you are in to the end of the line is shown. You'll quickly be able to determine if you are going in the right direction. [PAR] 02/28/11 01:23 AM [PAR] 3200 posts [PAR] While there are line diagrams in a few places, signage in the London Underground doesn't go by terminus but by direction of travel (northbound, southbound, eastbound, westbound) which can be a bit confusing if you don't know the geography. But if you have a map with you it will be possible to check the relative direction on that. The connected circles refer to connections between lines serving the same station. [PAR] 02/28/11 05:56 AM [PAR] 8617 posts [PAR] Actually, I liked the Underground's line name with compass directions better than using the last stop on the line. To me, it's easier to remember, as an example, I took district line east in the morning, so I'll need the district line west to get back. The circles show places where you can connect to a different line. [PAR] 02/28/11 02:07 PM [PAR] 15408 posts [PAR] Its always best to be sure your London Underground map is in colour. Each line is inexorably tied to a particular colour. The Circle Line - yellow Central Line - red District Line (all branches) - green Piccadilly Line - dark blue Northern Line (both branches) - black Victoria Line - blue Bakerloo Line - brown Hammersmith and City Line - pink Metropolitan Line - purple Jubilee Line - silver Docklands Light Railway - hollow green [PAR] LORAL - London Overground railway - orange (all lines) Happy planning... [PAR] 03/01/11 12:39 AM [PAR] 1986 posts [PAR] To add to the above- You only need to know whether you are going N, S, W or E to find the right platform. most platforms serve only one line so you usually dont have to do further checking. Exception are the platforms serving both District (green) and Circle (yellow ) lines. On these platforms there are electric signs letting you know which train is next. On a few lines the lines split toward the outskirts of town (piccadilly, Northern, district among others) then if you are travelling past the junction you should know the terminus of the line you want. This is always (usually?) shown on a card in the front of the train- as well as on the electric signs yes- the interconnecting circles are to indicate where you can interchange among different lines - usually (except yellow and Green) by having to go to a different platform- good signage [PAR] 03/03/11 06:19 PM [PAR] 643 posts [PAR] The answer to your question is YES. On the front of each train will be a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bibliography - Discworld & Terry Pratchett Wiki Bibliography - Discworld & Terry Pratchett Wiki [PAR] Bibliography [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] A Terry Pratchett bibliography (originally derived from Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia on 3 July 2005 and ppint's bibliography, mucked about with since then). All dates are of first publication. Revised editions and collections are not listed. The recommended reading order of the books is given in the article Reading Order . Several books are adapted to the theatre, TV or film or are planned to be. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 03 Equal Rites ( Gollancz , Colin Smythe, 1987) [PAR] 04 Mort (Gollancz, Colin Smythe, 1987) [PAR] 05 Sourcery (Gollancz, Colin Smythe, 1989) [PAR] 06 Wyrd Sisters (Gollancz, 1989) [PAR] 07 Pyramids (Gollancz, 1989) [PAR] 08 Guards! Guards! (Gollancz, 1989) [PAR] 09 Eric (Gollancz, 1990) [PAR] 17 Interesting Times (Gollancz, 1994) [PAR] 18 Maskerade (Gollancz, 1994) [PAR] 19 Feet of Clay (Gollancz, 1996) [PAR] 20 Hogfather (Gollancz, 1996) [PAR] 33 Going Postal (Doubleday, 2004) [PAR] 34 Thud! (Doubleday, 2005) [PAR] 41 The Shepherd's Crown (Doubleday, 2015) [PAR] Graphic Novels [PAR] Mort Illustrated Edition (The Folio Society, 2016) [PAR] Small Gods Illustrated Edition (The Folio Society, 2016) [PAR] The First Discworld Novels The Colour of Magic/The Light Fantastic (1999) [PAR] City Watch Trilogy (1999) [PAR] The Wee Free Men: The Beginning (2010) [PAR] Tiffany Aching Complete Collection (2014, updated\u007f 2015) [PAR] Rumored [PAR] Following Terry Pratchett's death on March 12, 2015 it was announced that The Shepherd's Crown would be the last published Discworld novel [PAR] Short Stories [PAR] Turtle Recall : The Discworld Companion...So Far (with Stephen Briggs ) (Gollancz, 2012) [PAR] Science of Discworld [PAR] From the Discworld (with Dave Greenslade) (EMI, 1994) [PAR] Soul Music based on the animated series (with Keith Hopwood and Phil Bush) (Pluto, 1998) [PAR] Wintersmith - musical version - the story of Wintersmith retold using English folk-music, provided by a house-band Nanny Ogg would have not only loved but would have wanted to sing with - Steeleye Span . (Park Records, 2013). [PAR] All adapted by Stephen Briggs except for Lords and Ladies which is adapted by Irana Brown [PAR] Mort The Play (Corgi, 1996) [PAR] Men at Arms The Play (Corgi, 1997) [PAR] Maskerade The Play (Samuel French, 1998) [PAR] Carpe Jugulum The Play (Samuel French, 1999) [PAR] Monstrous Regiment The Play (Methuen, 2004) [PAR] Jingo The Play (Methuen, 2005) [PAR] The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents The Play (Oxford University Press, 2006) [PAR] Making Money The Play (Samuel French, 2011) [PAR] Feet of Clay The Play (Oberon Modern Plays, 2015) [PAR] Unseen Academicals The Play (Oberon Modern Plays, 2015) [PAR] The Rince Cycle (Oberon Modern Plays, 2015) [PAR] All The Discworld's A Stage (omnibus, Feet of Clay/The Rince Cycle/Unseen Academicals) (Oberon Modern Plays, 2015) [PAR] Gaming [PAR] Board games [PAR] Thud : Strategy game for two players available from 2008 [PAR] Watch Out: Discworld Board Game from The Cunning Artificer 2004, never released, only several prototypes were ever made. [PAR] The Witches A Discworld Game , from Treefrog Games 2013 [PAR] Clacks A Discworld Board Game , by Backspindle Games 2014 (Designers: Leonard Boyd & David Brashaw), published in conjunction with Z-Man Games. [PAR] Computer games [PAR] The Colour of Magic , for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64, 1986. [PAR] Discworld , PC/Mac/Sony Playstation/Sega Saturn game, developed by Perfect 10 Productions and Teeny Weeny Games, published by Psygnosis 1995. [PAR] Discworld II: Missing Presumed...!? , PC/Sony Playstation/Sega Saturn game, developed by Perfect Entertainment, published by Psygnosis (PC/PSX versions) and Sega (Saturn version) 1996."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo Number-calling Nicknames - il dado Bingo Number-calling Nicknames [PAR] 35.. Jump and jive - Flirty wives [PAR] 36.. Three dozen - Perfect (as in 36-24-36) - Yardstick... he wishes! (USA) [PAR] 37.. A flea in heaven - More than eleven [PAR] 38.. Christmas cake [PAR] 39.. Those famous steps - All the steps - Jack Benny [PAR] 40.. Two score - Life begins at - Blind 40 - Naughty 40 - Mary (USA) [PAR] 41.. Life\ufffds begun - Time for fun [PAR] 42.. That famous street in Manhattan - Whinny the Poo [PAR] 43.. Down on your knees [PAR] 44.. Droopy drawers - All the fours - Open two doors - Magnum (USA) [PAR] 45.. Halfway house - Halfway there - Cowboy's friend - Colt (USA) [PAR] 46.. Up to tricks [PAR] 48.. Four dozen [PAR] 49.. PC (Police Constable) - Copper - Nick nick - Rise and shine [PAR] 50.. Bulls eye - Bung hole - Blind 50 - Half a century - Snow White's number (five-oh - five-oh..) - Hawaii five O, Hawaii (USA) [PAR] 51.. I love my mum - Tweak of the thumb - The Highland Div[ision] - President's salute [PAR] 52.. Weeks in a year - The Lowland Div[ision] - Danny La Rue - Pack 'o cards - Pickup (USA) [PAR] 53.. Stuck in the tree - The Welsh Div[ision] - The joker [PAR] 54.. Clean the floor - House of bamboo (famous song) [PAR] 55.. Snakes alive - All the fives - Double nickels - Give us fives - Bunch of fives [PAR] 56.. Was she worth it? [PAR] 57.. Heinz varieties - All the beans (Heinz 57 varieties of canned beans) [PAR] 58.. Make them wait - Choo choo Thomas [PAR] 59.. Brighton line (engine 59 or it took 59 mins to go from London to Brighton) [PAR] 60.. Three score - Blind 60 - Five dozen [PAR] 61.. Bakers bun [PAR] 62.. Tickety boo - Turn on the screw [PAR] 63.. Tickle me - Home ball (USA) [PAR] 64.. The Beatles number - Red raw [PAR] 65.. Old age pension - Stop work (retirement age) [PAR] 66.. Clickety click - All the sixes - Quack quack (USA) [PAR] 67.. Made in heaven - Argumentative number [PAR] 68.. Saving grace - Check your weight [PAR] 69.. The same both ways - Your place or mine? - Any way up - Either way up - Any way round - Meal for two - The French connection - Yum yum - Happy meal (USA) [PAR] 70.. Three score and ten - Blind 70 - Big O (USA) [PAR] 71.. Bang on the drum - Lucky one [PAR] 72.. A crutch and a duck - Six dozen - Par for the course (golf) - Lucky two [PAR] 73.. Crutch with a flea - Queen B - Under the tree - Lucky three [PAR] 74.. Candy store - Grandmamma of Bingo - Lucky four [PAR] 75.. Strive and strive - Big Daddy - Granddaddy of Bingo - Lucky five [PAR] 76.. Trombones - Seven 'n' six - was she worth it? - Lucky six [PAR] 77.. Sunset strip - All the sevens - Two little crutches - The double hockey stick - Lucky seven [PAR] 78.. Heavens gate - Lucky eight [PAR] 79.. One more time - Lucky nine [PAR] 80.. Gandhi's breakfast - Blind 80 - Eight and blank - There you go matey [PAR] 81.. Fat lady and a little wee - Stop and run - Corner shot [PAR] 82.. Fat lady with a duck - Straight on through [PAR] 83.. Fat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Herbs - Learn French French Herbs - Learn French [PAR] French Herbs [PAR] Les condiments [PAR] If you would like to cook while in France, you definitely have to learn a useful bunch of French herbs vocab before going! Listen to the Audio Lesson below to learn all the vocabulary you need for spices and seasoning. [PAR] It\u2019s simply so frustrating to go food shopping at the supermarket and\u2026You\u2019re looking for chervil. You can\u2019t understand any label. You\u2019re asking some French people around : [PAR] \u201cExcusez-moi. Comment dit-on chervil en fran\u00e7ais?\u201d [PAR] \u201c\u2026 Euu..humm\u2026. Je ne sais pas! D\u00e9sol\u00e9.\u201d [PAR] Of course you can\u2019t blame anyone. So you know what you have to do\u2026 [PAR] Audio Lesson: [PAR] de l\u2019ail (garlic) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] du laurier (bay) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] de la coriandre (coriander) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] du piment (hot pepper) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] du cerfeuil (chervil) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] de la ciboulette (chive) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] du fenouil (fennel) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] du persil (French parsley) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] de la marjolaine (marjoram) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] du romarin (rosemary) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] de l\u2019oseille (sorrel) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] de l\u2019estragon (tarragon) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser. [PAR] du thym (thyme) [PAR] Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here . You also need to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Virginia Katherine McMath (1911 - 1995) - Genealogy Virginia Katherine McMath (1911 - 1995) - Genealogy [PAR] Virginia Katherine McMath [PAR] in Rancho Mirage, Riverside, CA, USA [PAR] Place of Burial: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, Jackson Co, Missouri, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, Riverside Co, California, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] William Eddins McMath, Lela Emogen Rogers [PAR] Husband: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Riverside, California, USA [PAR] Father's last name: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, Missouri, U.S.A [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, California, U.S.A [PAR] Parents: [PAR] William \"eddins\" Mcmath, Lela Emogene Mcmath (born Owens) [PAR] Ex-husband: [PAR] Edward Jackson (Jack) Culpepper (Pepper) [PAR] Ex-husband: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, MO [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, California [PAR] Parents: [PAR] William Eddins McMath, Lela Emogene (Emogen) McMath, (W/Ai 13th cousin 3x removed+) (born Owens) [PAR] Ex-husband: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, Missouri, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, California, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] William Eddins McMath, Lela E McMath (born Owens) [PAR] Husband: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence Mo. [PAR] Father: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, Missouri [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, California [PAR] Parents: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, Missouri [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, California, U.S [PAR] Parents: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, Missouri [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, California [PAR] Parents: [PAR] July 16 1911 - West Virginia [PAR] Death: [PAR] July 16 1911 - Independence, Missouri [PAR] Death: [PAR] Apr 25 1995 - Rancho Mirage, California, U.S [PAR] Parents: [PAR] ex-husband's child [PAR] About Ginger Rogers [PAR] American stage and film dancer and actress Ginger Rogers along with Fred Astaire was the most legendary dancing team in film history; she was also a successful dramatic actress, even winning a Best Actress Oscar. [PAR] Born Virginia Katherine McMath, she began her dancing career in vaudeville and made her Broadway debut in 1929 in Top Speed. After starring in George Gershwin's Girl Crazy, she went to Hollywood and began performing in movies, typecast as a flippant blonde.Her first performance with Fred Astaire occurred in Flying Down to Rio, which was so popular that they continued the partnership in nine other films. Though best known for her dancing, Rogers preferred dramatic acting and in 1940 won an Academy Award for her leading role in Kitty Foyle. She also enjoyed a sure hand in light comedy and starred in such films as Tom, Dick and Harry and The Major and the Minor. Rogers returned to the Broadway stage in 1965 when she took over the role of Dolly Levi in Hello Dolly and followed that in 1969 with a star performance as Mame in London. [PAR] From the 1950s onwards, Rogers would make occasional appearances on television. In the later years of her career, she made guest appearances in three different series by Aaron Spelling; The Love Boat (1979), Glitter (1984), and Hotel (1987) which would be her final screen appearance as an actress. [PAR] Rogers had no children. [PAR] Ginger Rogers was an American actress, dancer, and singer who appeared in films, and on stage, radio, and television throughout much of the 20th century. [PAR] Movies[DOC] [TLE] Ginger Rogers - Biography - IMDb Ginger Rogers - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Ginger Rogers [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 102 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (5) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (52) |"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Lakes | lake system, North America | Britannica.com Great Lakes | lake system, North America | Britannica.com [PAR] lake system, North America [PAR] Rush\u2013Bagot Agreement [PAR] Great Lakes, chain of deep freshwater lakes in east-central North America comprising Lakes Superior , Michigan , Huron , Erie , and Ontario . They are one of the great natural features of the continent and of the Earth . Although Lake Baikal in Russia has a larger volume of water, the combined area of the Great Lakes\u2014some 94,250 square miles (244,106 square kilometres)\u2014represents the largest surface of fresh water in the world, covering an area exceeding that of the United Kingdom . Their drainage basin of about 295,710 square miles (which includes the areas of the lakes themselves and their connecting waterways) extends approximately 690 miles from north to south and about 860 miles from Lake Superior in the west to Lake Ontario in the east. Except for Lake Michigan, the lakes provide a natural border between Canada and the United States , a frontier that was stabilized by a boundary-waters treaty of 1909. It is a source of pride for both countries that there are no fortifications or warships along the boundary. [PAR] Marquette Harbor Lighthouse on Lake Superior, Marquette, Michigan. [PAR] Dale Fisher, US Army Corps of Engineers [PAR] The Great Lakes and their drainage basin. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Individually, the lakes rank among the 14 largest in the world . They played a central role in the European colonization and development of North America and for decades have attracted people and industry; Lakes Erie and Ontario and the southern portion of Lake Michigan are now ringed with large population concentrations. The lakes have not benefited from this development, however, and have been seriously affected by pollution . Concern over the fate of the lakes reached a high pitch in the late 20th century, with both the U.S. and the Canadian governments and individuals investigating methods for reversing the consequences of years of misuse of the lakes\u2019 waters. [PAR] Areas and volumes of the Great Lakes [PAR] surface area [PAR] Lake Michigan [PAR] The Great Lakes form the western portion of the larger St. Lawrence hydrographic system. This system extends generally eastward from the St. Louis River in Minnesota (which flows into Lake Superior), through the lakes and the St. Lawrence River, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of St. Lawrence. For a discussion of the system east of Lake Ontario, see Saint Lawrence River and Seaway . [PAR] Physical features [PAR] Geology [PAR] The age of the Great Lakes is still not definitely determined. Estimates range from 7,000 to 32,000 years of age. Water began filling the glacially scoured basins as soon as the ice receded, some 14,000 years ago. It is generally accepted that Lake Erie reached its present level about 10,000 years ago, Lake Ontario about 7,000 years ago, and Lakes Huron, Michigan , and Superior some 3,000 years ago. [PAR] The present configuration of the Great Lakes basin is the result of the movement of massive glaciers through the mid-continent, a process that began about one million years ago during the Pleistocene Epoch . Studies in the Lake Superior region indicate that a river system and valleys formed by water erosion existed before the Ice Age. The glaciers undoubtedly scoured these valleys, widening and deepening them and radically changing the drainage of the area. [PAR] The last glaciation in North America is called the Wisconsin Glacial Stage because it left many fresh landforms and sediments in that state. As"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] KINGS OF CAMP. JULIAN CLARY. - AstaBGay KINGS OF CAMP. JULIAN CLARY. [PAR] [PAR] Julian Clary [PAR] Born on May 25th 1959 in Surbiton, he was raised in nearby Teddington, South West London with his two older sisters. A strong Catholic education by Benedictine monks made him a very religious youngster. He was an altar boy and a choir boy and used to enjoy all things to do with his church until he became aware of his homosexuality. Church then became 'awkward' for him and he would then only attend with his mother, just to please her. [PAR] When Julian was thirteen his tall, glamorous, blonde oldest sister, Frances, started out on a career as a Tiller Girl. He was fascinated with her work, her flamboyant costumes, and the way she used make-up, this probably accounting for his own campness in later years, although he had always felt an affinity with the effeminate. Once, when he was five, and to his father's dismay, he had borrowed a doll's dress and put it on his toy tiger. [PAR] After studying drama at Goldsmith's College for three years and gaining a degree in Drama and English, he left in 1983. A variety of jobs, including being a railway guard and doing singing telegrams, followed. It was around this time that Julian acquired Fanny the wonderdog. At nineteen he had a girlfriend for a short time, but she left him and he started a relationship with a barman at the Old Vic. [PAR] Dragged up in a kaftan, with beads and a pink wig, he started on the London comedy circuit as \"Gillian Pie-Face\". It was not a success with him being constantly heckled and often booed off stage. Losing the drag and dressing in PVC and Rubber he re-invented himself as \"The Joan Collins Fan Club\". Julian was happily surviving with this act, doing the rounds with just himself, his dog, and his suitcase, when he was 'discovered' one night by some producers in the audience. His debut television appearance was with Channel 4 in \"Cabaret at the Jongleurs\" in 1988 where he was billed as \"The Joan Collins' Fan Club\" with Fanny the Wonderdog. [PAR] A steady stream of work followed and he became known as Julian Clary having been persuaded to drop the reference to Joan Collins. In 1993 he comp\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdred the British Comedy Awards which was being broadcast live. A sexual joke that he made about the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Norman Lamont, although greeted with enthusiastic laughter and applause by the celebrity audience attending, resulted in gross condemnation of him by the press the following day, some even calling for him to be banned from television even though only twelve viewers had been offended enough to complain out of a viewing audience of more than thirteen million. Julian escaped to tour Australia, not returning until 1995. [PAR] Julian soon became more popular than ever with the British public. Acting roles, comedy series, show hosting, advertisements, guest appearances, and pantomime parts, in all far too many to mention here have made him a household name. Could anyone today see or hear him and not know who he was? The modest, vulnerable, but flamboyant, gay, camp, loveable, yet often outrageous - Julian Clary.[DOC] [TLE] 12 Prominent Gay Presenters on British Television | NewNowNext 12 Prominent Gay Presenters on British Television | NewNowNext [PAR] 12 Prominent Gay Presenters on British Television [PAR] by Kate Anderson 9/18/2007 [PAR] TV presenters are two a penny. But openly gay TV presenters, well, that\u2019s a whole different kettle of fish. Surprisingly, though,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pride and Prejudice (1995) - The Jane Austen Wiki - Wikia Pride and Prejudice (1995) | The Jane Austen Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Pride and Prejudice (1995) [PAR] Edit [PAR] Pride and Prejudice is a six-episode 1995 British television drama, adapted by Andrew Davies from Jane Austen 's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice . Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth starred as Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy . Produced by Sue Birtwistle and directed by Simon Langton , the serial was a BBC production with additional funding from the American A&E Network . BBC One originally broadcast the 55-minute episodes from 24 September to 29 October in 1995. The A&E Network aired the serial in double episodes on three consecutive nights beginning 14 January 1996. Set in England in the early 19th century, Pride and Prejudice tells the story of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet's Benjamin Whitrow and Alison Steadman five unmarried daughters ( Susannah Harker , Jennifer Ehle , Lucy Briers , Polly Maberly , Julia Sawalha ) after the rich and eligible Mr. Bingley ( Crispin Bonham-Carter ) and his status-conscious friend, Mr. Darcy, have moved into their neighbourhood. While Bingley takes an immediate liking to the eldest Bennet daughter, Jane, Darcy has difficulty adapting to local society and repeatedly clashes with the second-eldest Bennet daughter, Elizabeth. The New York Times called the adaptation \"a witty mix of love stories and social conniving, cleverly wrapped in the ambitions and illusions of a provincial gentry\". [PAR] Critically acclaimed and a popular success, Pride and Prejudice was honoured with several awards, including a BAFTA Television Award for Jennifer Ehle for \"Best Actress\" and an Emmy for \"Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special\". The role of Mr. Darcy elevated Colin Firth to stardom. A scene showing Firth in a wet shirt was recognised as \"one of the most unforgettable moments in British TV history\". The serial inspired author Helen Fielding to write the popular Bridget Jones novels; the screen adaptations featured Firth as Bridget's love interest Mark Darcy. [PAR] Plot [PAR] Edit [PAR] Episode 1: Mr. Charles Bingley, a rich man from the north of England, settles down at Netherfield estate near Meryton village in Hertfordshire for the summer. Mrs. Bennet, unlike her husband, is excited at the prospect of marrying off one of her five daughters (Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty, and Lydia) to the newcomer. Bingley takes an immediate liking to Jane at a local country-dance, while his best friend Mr. Darcy, rumoured to be twice as rich, refuses to stand up with anyone including Elizabeth. Elizabeth's poor impression of his character is confirmed at a later gathering at Lucas Lodge and she and Darcy verbally clash on the two nights she spends at Netherfield caring for the sick Jane. [PAR] Episode 2: A sycophantic clergyman named Mr. William Collins visits his cousins, the Bennets. He is the entailed heir of their home, Longbourn, and decides to marry Elizabeth to keep the property in the family. On a walk to Meryton village, they meet members of the newly arrived militia, including a Mr. George Wickham. When Elizabeth witnesses Darcy's resentment of Wickham, Wickham tells her how Darcy cheated him of his inheritance. Darcy surprises Elizabeth with a dance offer at a ball at Netherfield, which she grudgingly but politely accepts. Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth the next day, but she resoundingly rejects him. While Mr. and Mrs. Bennet disagree about Elizabeth's decision, her close friend Charlotte Lucas invites Mr. Collins to stay at Lucas Lodge. [PAR] Episode 3: Elizabeth is stunned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ceres | The Roman Pantheon Ceres | The Roman Pantheon [PAR] The Roman Pantheon [PAR] A comprehensive guide to the deities of the ancient Romans [PAR] Menu [PAR] \u00b7 by iulla [PAR] Ceres, one of the Di Consentes , is a goddess of the earth, grain, crops, and laws. She is also a goddess related to death and purification: after a funeral, in order to purify themselves from the defilement they received from the dead, the family would sacrifice a sow to Ceres; and if an individual died and did not receive a burial, a \u201cpreliminary sow\u201d (porca praecidanea) would be sacrificed to Ceres and Tellus. [PAR] Ceres does not seem to be the Greek Demeter: however, she certainly seems to have been influenced by Roman knowledge of the Greek Demeter, and the Aventine Triad of Ceres, Liber, and Libera later became associated with the Greek triad of Demeter, Dionysos, and Persephone. [PAR] Her name is etymologically linked to the Latin verb creare, which means \u201cto create\u201d. [PAR] She had a mystery cult in Rome, called the initia Cereris. [PAR] EPITHETS [PAR] Flava: Golden (in reference to the color of grain) [PAR] Frugifera: Bearer of Crops [PAR] Genetrix Frugum: Progenitress of Crops [PAR] Inferna: Of the Underworld (in reference to her connection with the Underworld) [PAR] Larga: Abundant [PAR] Mater Frugum: Mother of Crops [PAR] Potens Frugum: Powerful in Crops [PAR] Profunda: The Deep (in reference to her connection with the Underworld) [PAR] Rubicunda: Ruddy (in reference to the color of grain) [PAR] ATTRIBUTES [PAR] Pregnant cows, sows, entrails, cakes of milk and honey, and wine were acceptable sacrifices to Ceres. [PAR] She had a special public priestess, who was in theory a native of Magna Graecia and of low social status. [PAR] APPEARANCE [PAR] Always depicted as a woman, sometimes holding wheat or crowned with wheat. [PAR] FESTIVALS [PAR] October 4th: \u201cFast\u201d of Ceres [PAR] October 5th: Mundus Patet [PAR] December 21st: Sacrifice of a pregnant sow, bread, and must to Ceres and Hercules [PAR] MYTHOLOGY [PAR] Ceres is said to have an entourage of 12 deities, who assist her in agricultural matters: Vervactor (First Spring-Plougher), Reparator (Second-Plougher), Inporcitor (Ridge-Maker), Insitor (Broadcaster), Obarator (Seed-Coverer), Occator (Harrower), Sarritor (Manual Hoer), Subruncinator (Manual Weed-Root-Remover), Messor (Reaper), Convector (Grain-Transporter), Conditor (Granary Protector), and Promitor (Bringer Forth for Use). It is possible that there were more helpers \u2013 such as a Thresher and a Winnower \u2013 but, if this is the case, their names have been lost to us. [PAR] She was syncretized in some way with the Greek Demeter, and every year had a rite in which she was associated with Proserpina. [PAR] CULT SITES AND TEMPLES [PAR] A temple to Ceres stood on the property of Pliny the Younger and was a building which he was obliged to rebuild due to its neglect. [PAR] Temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera stood on the Aventine in Rome. [PAR] PICTURES [PAR] Small golden amulet of Ceres holding a cornucopia. From Rome, ca 1st to 2nd century CE. [PAR] Funerary statue of a young woman as Ceres. Roman, 3rd century CE. [PAR] Statue of a seated Ceres. From Emerita Augusta, modern-day Merida, Spain, 1st century CE. [PAR] SOURCES [PAR] Robert Turcan, The Gods of Ancient Rome. New York, NY: Routledge Publishers, 2000. [PAR] Jorg Rupke, Religion of the Romans. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2007. [PAR] John Scheid, An Introduction to Roman Religion. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2003. [PAR] Georges Dumezil, Archaic Roman Religion Volume 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970. [PAR] Beard, North, and Price, Religions of Rome Volume 1:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Order of Catherine Cookson Books - OrderOfBooks.com Order of Catherine Cookson Books - OrderOfBooks.com [PAR] Home | Characters | Authors [PAR] Order of Catherine Cookson Books [PAR] Catherine Cookson (1906-1998) was an English author of historical fiction novels and the author of the Mary Ann Shaughnessy series. She grew up the illegitimate daughter of an impoverished woman named Kate, whom she was led to believe was her older sister. Catherine was known as a regional writer, writing specifically for readers from the North of England. Of all of her many accolades, undoubtedly the greatest of all of them is being named a Dame of the British Empire in 1993. [PAR] Catherine Cookson became a published novelist in 1950 with the novel Kate Hannigan. She continued to write up until her death and her final work was published in 2002. Below is a list of Catherine Cookson\u2019s books in order of when they were first released: [PAR] Publication Order of Kate Hannigan Books [PAR] Kate Hannigan[DOC] [TLE] Catherine Cookson - Book Series In Order Catherine Cookson - Book Series In Order [PAR] Hardcover Paperback Kindle [PAR] Catherine Cookson was an English author. Before her death in 1998, she was the United Kingdom\u2019s most widely read novelist, boasting sales in the hundreds of millions. Despite her fame and fortune, she maintained a relatively low profile, even in the world of celebrity writers. [PAR] +Biography [PAR] Born Catherine Ann McMullen in Tyne Dock, South Shields, she eventually moved to East Jarrow, Country Durham (which became the setting for \u2018The Fifteen Streets\u2019, one of her best-known novels). [PAR] Catherine was the illegitimate child of Kate Fawcett, an alcoholic. She was raised by her grandparents and, as a child, she thought Kate, her mother, was her sister. Her father was later revealed (by a biographer) to be Alexander Davies, a bigamist and gambler from Lanarkshire. [PAR] After leaving school at the age of 13, Catherine Cookson spent some time as a domestic servant before taking a laundry job at Harton Workhouse in South Shields. Eventually moving south to run the Hastings Workhouse laundry, Catherine saved enough money to purchase a large Victorian house after which she took in lodges as a means of supplementing her income. [PAR] At the age of 34 (June 1940), Catherine married Tom Cookson. He was a teacher at Hastings Grammar School. She experienced four miscarriages before learning that she suffered from telangiectasia, a rare vascular disease that could result in anemia. [PAR] It took Catherine a decade to recover from the mental breakdown she suffered following her miscarriages. [PAR] +Literary Career [PAR] Catherine joined Hastings Writer\u2019s Group as a means of therapy designed to tackle her depression. Kate Hannigan, her first novel, was published in 1950. She approached the novel as historical fiction and wasn\u2019t happy with the fact that it had been stereotypically described as a romance. [PAR] A lot of the work Catherine Cookson produced manifested the uncomfortable research she had to undertake to write her stories, this including going down a mine to study the setting of one of her stories. [PAR] Before her death, Catherine Cookson had written nearly a hundred books, which have been translated in more than a dozen languages. She also wrote novels under pseudonyms like Catherine Marchant and Katie McMullen. [PAR] Catherine spent nearly twenty years as the most borrowed author in UK public libraries. [PAR] +Adaptations [PAR] A considerable portion of Catherine Cookson\u2019s books have been adapted into films, radio and stage plays. Jacqueline (1956), which was directed by Roy Ward Baker, was the first film to be produced"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Drinkware for Beer, Wine, and Cocktail | Greatist Types of Drinkware for Beer, Wine, and Cocktail | Greatist [PAR] {{displayTitle}} READ [PAR] Red solo cups are fine for backyard barbecues and certain country music artists , but when we're hosting a dinner party or feeling fancy, we prefer to drink our adult beverages out of slightly more sophisticated vessels. And, as if feeling like a badass holding a martini weren't enough, there's scientific reason to be choosy about your glass. [PAR] The container you pour your beverage into can help maximize the aromas and body of the drink to optimize flavor, says David \"Rev\" Ciancio, owner Idle Hands Bar and director of marketing for Schweid & Sons . Some research even suggests that the shape of your glass can affect how much and how quickly you drink. [PAR] Glass shape influences consumption rate for alcoholic beverages. Attwood AS, Scott-Samuel NE, Stothart G. PloS one, 2012, Aug.;7(8):1932-6203. [PAR] Science aside, some glassware exists today because that\u2019s the way people have always enjoyed those drinks, explain Geza Horvath, a sommelier for New York City\u2019s Artisanal Bistro . And of course the elegance of certain glasses (despite their impracticality) can give individuals a perception of a finer drinking experience, adds Matt Gorecki , a beer expert and consultant. [PAR] Ready to get the best out of your drink (and stay classy doing it)? Pick your poison below and find out how to make the most of each sip. [PAR] Beer [PAR] American Pint [PAR] Sometimes called a shaker, the American pint typically holds 16 ounces of suds. It has a simple, cylindrical shape that gradually widens at the top and is generally meant for lagers or brown ales, Ciancio explains. Although the large, wide glass is cheap to manufacture and easy to drink out of (making it a staple in most bars), it\u2019s actually not the best way to bring out the aromas and flavors in many craft beers, he adds. (Try one of the options below instead.) [PAR] Imperial Pint [PAR] American and imperial pints share the same basic characteristics (they're meant to hold beer, they're cheap, and they're easy to drink from), yet the British version of the pint glass is a 20-ouncer with a slight ridge toward the top that makes it easier for a barback to stack. Ciancio recommends this glassware for English ales. [PAR] Pilsner [PAR] While the name makes it an obvious fit for the classic pilsner, Ciancio adds that other German-style beers like bock or k\u00f6lsch are also nice to sip from this glass. The tall, tapered shape captures the carbonation and color of a pilsner while allowing a foamy head to form. [PAR] Snifter [PAR] Also known as a brandy snifter, cognac glass, or balloon, a snifter is a short-stemmed glass with a wide bottom and relatively narrow top. The wider base allows room for swirling to release aromas, which then get trapped at the narrow top. A rounded bottom makes it easy to cup in your hand, simultaneously warming the liquor. Ciancio recommends using this type of glassware for intense beers with strong aromas like barley wines, strong ales, quads , or wee heavys . This glass is bound to come in handy as well if you\u2019re a brandy drinker. [PAR] Wheat Beer Glass [PAR] Similar to pilsner glasses, wheat beer or weizen glasses are a little thinner, allowing for more head (or frothy foam) on the beer, Ciancio explains. The tall and slender glassware also help amplify aromas and are perfect for their namesake beers. [PAR] Mugs and Steins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greenwich. Greenwich Royal Observatory, Greenwich Palace ... Greenwich. Greenwich Royal Observatory, Greenwich Palace, Queen's House, Old Royal Naval College, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich Park [PAR] Fact file [PAR] The Greenwich Royal Observatory [PAR] With all the attractions of London, this little gem of a neighbourhood which contains so much to visit packed in a relatively small area may be overlooked. [PAR] Greenwich was made a royal borough by the Queen in 2012 to mark her Diamond Jubilee. [PAR] Greenwich is a place where time begins and ends. The number 1 meridian, the world's most famous landmark for measuring the passing of our hours and days, the centre of earth time and space, is named after it, because it was here that the concept of longitude was first used to improve measurement of time at sea and therefore to help navigation. [PAR] It is essential for a ship to navigate safely to know exactly where it is at sea. It is relatively easy to know your location in terms of latitude (north-south direction) by measuring the height of the sun, but more difficult to know the longitude of your position (east-west direction). [PAR] One way to solve this problem is by studying the stars and make tables that sailors can consult when they are at sea. The Royal Greenwich Observatory was created as an astronomical observatory, founded by King Charles II of England in 1675 to study astronomy, to make accurate measurements of the star positions in the northern hemisphere with telescopes, and to find means of fixing longitude for navigational purposes. It became the acknowledged world authority on the subject. [PAR] A second method to solve the longitude problem was by measuring time. If you compare your local time, wherever you are located, with the time at a constant reference point of longitude on the Earth (called the 'Prime Meridian'), you can calculate how many degrees of longitude separate you from the Prime Meridian. [PAR] The reference point, zero degrees longitude, was later fixed at the Greenwich Observatory, which became the Prime Meridian. [PAR] On a ship, the local time can be determined from the position of the sun, a bright star or the moon, but the reference time at zero degrees longitude also had to be known aboard the ship. [PAR] The problem was that clocks until the 18th century were not accurate enough, especially those capable of running on ships. Errors of few minutes could possibly cause disasters, even shipwreck. [PAR] In 1764, John Harrison, a British clockmaker, after a lifetime of effort succeeded in building his seagoing chronometer, a timepiece that was highly accurate and durable. [PAR] The first models of his clock can be seen in the museum. [PAR] The Observatory, part of the National Maritime Museum, is one of the most important features of Maritime Greenwich, which is since 1997 a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [PAR] Until its closure in 1998, it was the oldest scientific institution in Great Britain. [PAR] Its main contributions were in practical astronomy, such as navigation, timekeeping, determination of star positions, and almanac publication. [PAR] The Observatory is open to visitors. In its galleries they'll discover the phenomena of time, space and astronomy, in the Planetarium they'll explore the wonders of the heavens and in Flamsteed House, Sir Christopher Wren's original building built as a home for the first Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, they'll see London's only public camera obscura. [PAR] Meridians are the imaginary vertical lines that circle the earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. The meridian passing through Greenwich Observatory, the Prime Meridian,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 facts about James Bond author Ian Fleming - Daily Express Ian Fleming facts: From Goldeneye to JFK, the colourful life of the real James Bond | Books | Entertainment | Daily Express [PAR] By Stefan Kyriazis [PAR] 06:01, Fri, Aug 22, 2014 [PAR] Daniel Craig as the latest incarnation of Bond - but do you know what Vesper Lynd was names after?[ FS] [PAR] His name was Fleming, Ian Fleming. [PAR] The son of a Conservative MP for Henley, he was educated at Eton and Sandhurst before pursuing careers as as a journalist and naval intelligence officer. [PAR] He wrote his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale, at the age of 44 and went on to sell over 100 million books worldwide. [PAR] Eleven more Bond novels and a very famous children\u2019s book cemented his position as one of the best-selling and best-loved authors of the 20th century. [PAR] The first Bond film, Dr No was released in 1962 and began one of the greatest franchises in film history - a franchise that would bring us the likes of Sean Connery, Roger Moore and Daniel Craig as the leading man, surrounded by a host of famous beauties such as Ursula Andress, Jane Seymour, Honor Blackman, Halle Berry and Eva Green. [PAR] SCROLL DOWN FOR 10 FACTS ABOUT IAN FLEMING [PAR] Life often imitated art and Fleming\u2019s privileged background and increasing fame meant that he mixed with the highest levels of society and seemingly made the most of every moment. [PAR] Yet he only enjoyed a few years of international success before he died suddenly of a heart attack in the early hours of August 12, 1964. It was his son Caspar\u2019s 12th birthday. [PAR] Matthew Parker\u2019s new book Goldeneye: Where Bond Was Born: Ian Fleming's Jamaica takes a look at Fleming\u2019s extraordinary life and the creation of his most famous fictional character. [PAR] To mark the 50th anniversary of his death, Parker has shared his favourite facts about the man behind the iconic spy. [PAR] Ian Fleming with Sean Connery on the set of the first Bond film, Dr. No, at Pinewood Studios [ PH] [PAR] 1. GOLDENEYE IS A HOUSE [PAR] All the James Bond novels and stories were written at Goldeneye, the house he built on Jamaica\u2019s north coast where he spent two months of every year from the end of the war until his death 50 years ago. [PAR] In 1976 the estate was purchased by Bob Marley who sold it on to Island Records founder Chris Blackwell the following year. Blackwell has developed the estate and surrounding lands into a luxury resort. [PAR] Fleming's gardener, Ramsey, although retired, still lives on the property. [PAR] 2. HE HAD ECLECTIC MUSIC TASTES [PAR] The Bond books are filled with virile, overtly macho fights, both with fists and guns but, as a child, Fleming wanted no part in his upper class family\u2019s hunting, shooting and fishing exploits. [PAR] Instead, he preferred to stay in and listen to Hawaiian guitar music. [PAR] 3. WOMEN WERE NOT ALWAYS ON HIS MIND [PAR] Despite his reputation for being obsessed with beautiful women in his books and his own life, his first brush with expulsion from Eton was not because of womanising, but because he bunked off to visit the Empire Exhibition at Wembley in 1925 aged 17. [PAR] Our office certainly doesn't look like this: Fleming's Jamaican home Goldeneye [ PH] [PAR] 4. VESPER WAS NOT NAMED AFTER A MOTORBIKE [PAR] The first ever Bond girl, Vesper Lynd of Casino Royale, was actually named after a cocktail - a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennessee Williams | About Tennessee Williams | American ... Tennessee Williams | About Tennessee Williams | American Masters | PBS [PAR] About Tennessee Williams [PAR] Tennessee Williams: Orpheus of The American Stage [PAR] About Tennessee Williams [PAR] Comments [PAR] Tennessee Williams at age 54 in 1965. Photo by Orland Fernandez. [PAR] He was brilliant and prolific, breathing life and passion into such memorable characters as Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski in his critically acclaimed A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE. And like them, he was troubled and self-destructive, an abuser of alcohol and drugs. He was awarded four Drama Critic Circle Awards, two Pulitzer Prizes and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He was derided by critics and blacklisted by Roman Catholic Cardinal Spellman, who condemned one of his scripts as \u201crevolting, deplorable, morally repellent, offensive to Christian standards of decency.\u201d He was Tennessee Williams, one of the greatest playwrights in American history. [PAR] Born Thomas Lanier Williams in Columbus, Mississippi in 1911, Tennessee was the son of a shoe company executive and a Southern belle. Williams described his childhood in Mississippi as happy and carefree. This sense of belonging and comfort were lost, however, when his family moved to the urban environment of St. Louis, Missouri. It was there he began to look inward, and to write\u2014 \u201cbecause I found life unsatisfactory.\u201d Williams\u2019 early adult years were occupied with attending college at three different universities, a brief stint working at his father\u2019s shoe company, and a move to New Orleans, which began a lifelong love of the city and set the locale for A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE. [PAR] Williams spent a number of years traveling throughout the country and trying to write. His first critical acclaim came in 1944 when THE GLASS MENAGERIE opened in Chicago and went to Broadway. It won a the New York Drama Critics\u2019 Circle Award and, as a film, the New York Film Critics\u2019 Circle Award. At the height of his career in the late 1940s and 1950s, Williams worked with the premier artists of the time, most notably Elia Kazan, the director for stage and screen productions of A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE, and the stage productions of CAMINO REAL, CAT ON A HOT TIN ROOF, and SWEET BIRD OF YOUTH. Kazan also directed Williams\u2019 film BABY DOLL. Like many of his works, BABY DOLL was simultaneously praised and denounced for addressing raw subject matter in a straightforward realistic way. [PAR] The 1960s were perhaps the most difficult years for Williams, as he experienced some of his harshest treatment from the press. In 1961 he wrote THE NIGHT OF THE IGUANA, and in 1963, THE MILK TRAIN DOESN\u2019T STOP HERE ANY MORE. His plays, which had long received criticism for openly addressing taboo topics, were finding more and more detractors. Around this time, Williams\u2019 longtime companion, Frank Merlo, died of cancer. Williams began to depend more and more on alcohol and drugs and though he continued to write, completing a book of short stories and another play, he was in a downward spiral. In 1969 he was hospitalized by his brother. [PAR] After his release from the hospital in the 1970s, Williams wrote plays, a memoir, poems, short stories and a novel. In 1975 he published MEMOIRS, which detailed his life and discussed his addiction to drugs and alcohol, as well as his homosexuality. In 1980 Williams wrote CLOTHES FOR A SUMMER HOTEL, based on the lives of Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Only three years later, Tennessee Williams died in a New York City hotel filled with half-finished bottles of wine and pills. It"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spleen and Lymphatic System - KidsHealth Spleen and Lymphatic System [PAR] Spleen and Lymphatic System [PAR] El bazo y el sistema linf\u00e1tico [PAR] The lymphatic system is an extensive drainage network that helps keep body fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections. It is made up of a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph \u2014 a clear, watery fluid that contains protein molecules, salts, glucose, urea, and other substances \u2014 throughout the body. [PAR] The spleen, located in the upper left part of the abdomen under the ribcage, works as part of the lymphatic system to protect the body, clearing worn-out red blood cells and other foreign bodies from the bloodstream to help fight off infection. [PAR] About the Spleen and Lymphatic System [PAR] One of the lymphatic system's major jobs is to collect extra lymph fluid from body tissues and return it to the blood. This is crucial because water, proteins, and other substances are always leaking out of tiny blood capillaries into the surrounding body tissues. If the lymphatic system didn't drain the excess fluid from the tissues, the lymph fluid would build up in the body's tissues, causing them to swell. [PAR] The lymphatic system also helps defend the body against germs (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) that can cause illnesses. Those germs are filtered out in the lymph nodes, which are small masses of tissue located along the network of lymph vessels. The nodes house lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Some of those lymphocytes make antibodies, special proteins that stop infections from spreading by trapping disease-causing germs and destroying them. [PAR] The spleen also helps the body fight infection. The spleen contains lymphocytes and another kind of white blood cell (called macrophages) that engulf and destroy bacteria, dead tissue, and foreign matter and remove them from the blood passing through the spleen. [PAR] continue [PAR] Basic Anatomy [PAR] The lymphatic system is a network of very small tubes (or vessels) that drain lymph fluid from all over the body. The major parts of the lymph tissue are located in the bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and the tonsils. The heart, lungs, intestines, liver, and skin also contain lymphatic tissue. [PAR] One of the major lymphatic vessels is the thoracic duct, which begins near the lower part of the spine and collects lymph from the pelvis, abdomen, and lower chest. The thoracic duct runs up through the chest and empties into the blood through a large vein near the left side of the neck. The right lymphatic duct is the other major lymphatic vessel and collects lymph from the right side of the neck, chest, and arm, and empties into a large vein near the right side of the neck. [PAR] Lymph nodes are round or kidney-shaped. Most lymph nodes are about 1 cm in diameter but they can vary in size. Most of the lymph nodes are found in clusters in the neck, armpit, and groin area. Nodes are also located along the lymphatic pathways in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, where they filter the blood. Inside the lymph nodes, lymphocytes called T-cells and B-cells help the body fight infection. Lymphatic tissue is also scattered throughout the body in different major organs and in and around the gastrointestinal tract. [PAR] The spleen helps control the amount of blood and blood cells that circulate through the body and helps destroy damaged cells. [PAR] How A Healthy Lymph System Works [PAR] Carrying Away Waste [PAR] Lymph fluid drains into lymph capillaries, which are tiny vessels. The fluid is then"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Hill's TV Burp Season 10 Episode 1 [S10E01] - yts.host Watch Online Harry Hill's TV Burp Season 10 Episode 1 [S10E01] 'Series 10: Episode 1' TV Show Full Episode [PAR] The Best of TV Burp 16 [PAR] Overview [PAR] Harry Hill's TV Burp is a British television comedy programme that ran for 11 years from 2001 to 2012. It was produced by Avalon Television for ITV and hosted by comedian Harry Hill. The show presents a look at the week's television, including extracts from TV shows with added sketches, observational voice-overs, and guest appearances. The show is based on clips of the previous week of programming on television, frequently reinterpreting actions or lines of dialogue in a humorous way, or pointing out how views of props or sets amusingly resemble other objects, and often lightheartedly or sarcastically commenting on the actual intended content of the programme. To produce the show, Hill and his programme associate writing team, including Brenda Gilhooly, Paul Hawksbee, Dan Maier, Joe Burnside and David Quantick, watch significant amounts of television, much on preview tapes. Clips from a variety of shows across most channels are included in the show, with soaps, dramas and popular-factual series being the most commonly represented genres. The clips are shown outside of the context of their original programme and only limited information about the scene is given, as the focus of the show's treatment is on the often unintentional humour which can be derived from the scene. The show was filmed at Teddington Studios, Greater London, in Studio 1 for series 1 to 8. From series 9 to 11, the studio has been the BBC Television Centre in London. [PAR] New series. The big-collared comedian looks back at the week's small-screen highlights, subjecting the latest soap sagas, reality shows and documentaries to his unique brand of scrutiny [PAR] Harry Hill's TV Burp is a British television comedy programme that ran for 11 years from 2001 to 2012. It was produced by Avalon Television for ITV and hosted by comedian Harry Hill. The show presents a look at the week's television, including extracts from TV shows with added sketches, observational voice-overs, and guest appearances. The show is based on clips of the previous week of programming on television, frequently reinterpreting actions or lines of dialogue in a humorous way, or pointing out how views of props or sets amusingly resemble other objects, and often lightheartedly or sarcastically commenting on the actual intended content of the programme. To produce the show, Hill and his programme associate writing team, including Brenda Gilhooly, Paul Hawksbee, Dan Maier, Joe Burnside and David Quantick, watch significant amounts of television, much on preview tapes. Clips from a variety of shows across most channels are included in the show, with soaps, dramas and popular-factual series being the most commonly represented genres. The clips are shown outside of the context of their original programme and only limited information about the scene is given, as the focus of the show's treatment is on the often unintentional humour which can be derived from the scene. The show was filmed at Teddington Studios, Greater London, in Studio 1 for series 1 to 8. From series 9 to 11, the studio has been the BBC Television Centre in London. [PAR] Uploaded by: lopasr"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ambrosia - Food of the Greek Gods - in Mythology - Loggia Mythography | Ambrosia - Food of the Greek Gods - in Mythology [PAR] home | greek | lexicon | ambrosia [PAR] Ambrosia - Food of the Greek Gods [PAR] Ambrosia was the food of the gods and goddesses in Greek mythology. It was often accompanied by the drink nectar in celebrations, and indeed, ambrosia and nectar both appear in myth and literature as divine confections that were guaranteed to satisfy the hunger and/or thirst of any immortal resident of Mt. Olympus . [PAR] While scholars are not entirely certain what the ancient Greeks thought the composition of ambrosia (or its liquid counterpart, for that matter) actually was, it is believed that these mythical items had some connection to a sweet treat enjoyed by mortals throughout the ages - honey. Honey was highly regarded by the people of ancient Greece, so this suggestion makes sense. [PAR] Ambrosia made more than just a delightful meal, however. There are several episodes in Greek myth in which ambrosia is used by the gods and goddesses as a sort of balm, to confer grace or even immortality (in the case of mortals) onto the recipient. One such incident that demonstrates how ambrosia was used to beautify involves Aphrodite , the enchanting goddess of love. In the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, the goddess prepares herself for some serious seduction with the assistance of eau de ambrosia: [PAR] \"...there the Graces bathed her and anointed her [PAR] with ambrosian oil such as is rubbed on deathless gods, [PAR] divinely sweet, and made fragrant for her sake.\" [PAR] And while this may have been an example of gilding the lily (Aphrodite already being irresistible), ambrosia played a more serious part in other myths. In one poignant and memorable scene from Homer's Iliad, the sea-nymph Thetis uses ambrosia and nectar to preserve the body of the dead warrior Patroclus. In the same epic, Zeus calls upon Apollo to anoint another fallen hero - this time, Sarpedon - with ambrosia. [PAR] To see more definitions of words, visit the Mythography lexicon of Greek terms ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Green Mile (1999) - IMDb The Green Mile (1999) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 14 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 26 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 09 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 19 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 16 Apr 2015 [PAR] Title: The Green Mile (1999) [PAR] 8.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 4 Oscars. Another 15 wins & 30 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] Following the Normandy Landings, a group of U.S. soldiers go behind enemy lines to retrieve a paratrooper whose brothers have been killed in action. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] When a Roman general is betrayed and his family murdered by an emperor's corrupt son, he comes to Rome as a gladiator to seek revenge. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Demme [PAR] Two imprisoned men bond over a number of years, finding solace and eventual redemption through acts of common decency. [PAR] Director: Frank Darabont [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] A computer hacker learns from mysterious rebels about the true nature of his reality and his role in the war against its controllers. [PAR] Directors: Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski [PAR] Stars: Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss [PAR] A former neo-nazi skinhead tries to prevent his younger brother from going down the same wrong path that he did. [PAR] Director: Tony Kaye [PAR] When his secret bride is executed for assaulting an English soldier who tried to rape her, William Wallace begins a revolt against King Edward I of England. [PAR] Director: Mel Gibson [PAR] A thief, who steals corporate secrets through use of dream-sharing technology, is given the inverse task of planting an idea into the mind of a CEO. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Death Row guards at a penitentiary, in the 1930's, have a moral dilemma with their job when they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Gregan : George Gregan Foundation George Gregan : George Gregan Foundation [PAR] Contact [PAR] George Gregan [PAR] George Musarurwa Gregan, born 19 April 1973, is an Australian rugby union scrum-half who made more appearances for his national team than any other player in the sport\u2019s history. He captained the team to many victories and is respected throughout the rugby world for his tenacity, tactical skill, leadership ability, and sportsmanship, but is also known for his \u2018talk-back\u2019 to referees. [PAR] Gregan played Super 14 for the ACT Brumbies from the inception of that competition in 1996, helping to lead them to overall victories in 2001 and 2004. He is a foundation Brumbies player and one of the few players whose careers span over both the amateur and professional eras. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Gregan was born in Lusaka, Zambia, of a Zimbabwean mother and an Australian father. His family moved to Australia when he was one year old, and he grew up in Canberra where he was educated at St Edmund\u2019s College. [PAR] He represented Australia in rugby union at under-19 and under-21 level. [PAR] The Wallabies [PAR] George made his first appearance for the Wallabies in 1994 in a match against Italy in Brisbane, which the Wallabies won, 23 to 20. He was subsequently capped in the victories over Italy again, and Western Samoa. [PAR] He made an immediate impact for the team, making a try-saving tackle on All Black Jeff Wilson that directly led to Australia winning the Bledisloe Cup that year and is much remembered as one of the greatest moments in the Wallabies-All Blacks rivalry. After two caps against Argentina the following season, Gregan had so far been on the winning side in all of his international games as Australia entered the 1995 World Cup in South Africa as defending champions. [PAR] The game went professional post-1995 World Cup, and one outcome of this was the formation of the Super 12, of which Gregan became a foundation player for the ACT Brumbies franchise. That season Gregan appeared eight times for the Wallabies, including solid wins over both Wales and Canada in Brisbane, scoring a try in the Canadian clash. Another outcome of professionalism was the forming of the Tri Nations Series between Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. He was elevated to the vice-captaincy of the Wallabies in 1997. After the international retirement of John Eales in 2001, Gregan became the Wallabies captain. [PAR] Following Australia\u2019s heartbreaking loss to the English in the World Cup, Gregan led the Wallabies on a massive winning campaign during the 2004 season. After defeating Scotland twice at home, the Wallabies faced the English in a World Cup replay in Brisbane, where they got their revenge, defeating England 51 to 15. Under Gregan, Australia lost just two matches in 2004, one against South Africa, and then against France in Paris. In June 2004 Gregan was appointed to the Order of Australia for his services to Rugby Union Football and in particular, as the captain of the Wallabies. [PAR] In July during the 2005 Tri Nations Series, Gregan ran out at Subiaco Oval in Perth against South Africa for his 100th Wallaby test. In October 2004, Gregan announced that his four-year-old son had epilepsy and launched the George Gregan Foundation. [PAR] Following the World Cup in France 2007, George retired from Australian rugby and joined French Club Toulon for one season. On 18 June 2008 it was announced that he had joined Suntory Sungoliath in Japan, where he completed three seasons. [PAR] George officially retired from rugby in 2011 and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aer Lingus Flights (EI), Cheap Aer Lingus Tickets and ... Aer Lingus Flights (EI), Cheap Aer Lingus Tickets and Airfares - TravelPapa.com [PAR] Cheap Aer Lingus Flights (EI) [PAR] Overview [PAR] Aer Lingus was founded by the Irish Government in April 1936 to provide air services to/from Ireland. The first flight, from Dublin to Bristol, took place on May 27th 1936. On October 2nd 2006, Aer Lingus entered a new phase in its history with the airline's floatation on the Irish and London Stock Exchanges, becoming a publicly quoted company and realising \u20ac400 million in equity for the airline's future growth. [PAR] Business Model [PAR] Aer Lingus' low-cost, low fares model is centred on maintaining low unit cost, offering one way fares, maintaining effective fleet utilisation and developing the Aer Lingus brand. Consistent with this low-cost model, Aer Lingus' primary distribution channel is its website. In 2007, approximately 75% of total passenger revenue was generated through aerlingus.com. [PAR] Products & Services [PAR] Cabin Classes [PAR] Aer Lingus offers a single economy class service on all short-haul routes, and a two class Business and Economy service on all long-haul routes. [PAR] Auxiliary Revenue [PAR] In addition to revenue from low fares, Aer Lingus also generates revenue from sales of products and services that are ancillary to its core passenger operations, including: [PAR] In-flight sales of merchandise, beverages and hot and cold meals [PAR] Commissions from sales of car rentals [PAR] Hotel accommodation and travel insurance sold through aerlingus.com [PAR] Fees for passenger upgrades [PAR] Commissions from online currency conversion [PAR] Advertising in Aer Lingus' in-flight magazine \"Cara\" [PAR] Gold Circle Club: Gold Circle Membership provides access to exclusive airport lounges, special reservation services and other benefits, such as advanced seat preferences and dedicated check-in areas. [PAR] Other Services [PAR] Aer Lingus provides a cargo transportation service on some of its scheduled passenger routes, including services to the United States and Europe. Aer Lingus provides mail transportation services between Ireland and the United Kingdom. In addition to providing its own cargo handling services at Dublin and Shannon airports, Aer Lingus provides cargo handling services to Singapore Airlines, SAS and Lufthansa. [PAR] Codeshare Partners [PAR] Aer Lingus has codeshare agreements with the following carriers: [PAR] \u2666 United - Services between Ireland and North America and between Ireland and London. [PAR] \u2666 British Airways - Services between Dublin, Cork, Belfast and London Heathrow. [PAR] \u2666 KLM - Services between Dublin and Amsterdam and also Cork and Amsterdam. [PAR] Partner Airlines [PAR] On 1st February 2008, Aer Lingus and JetBlue Airways, the New York based low fare, high frills Airline announced an industry-first strategic partnership to come into effect beginning 3rd April 2008. The innovative partnership will enable Irish and U.S. customers to book a single low fare reservation between Ireland and a variety of U.S. destinations, connecting through JetBlue's home base at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), and through Boston Logan International Airport (BOS). [PAR] Route Network [PAR] Aer Lingus operates a single economy class service on its short-haul route network, operating over 80 routes to and from the United Kingdom and Continental Europe, and a two class service on its long haul network to six destinations in the United States. [PAR] General information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Avatar' At The Oscars: What Went Wrong? Experts Weigh In 'Avatar' At The Oscars: What Went Wrong? Experts Weigh In - MTV [PAR] mtv [PAR] Brian Warmoth [PAR] 03/08/2010 [PAR] James Cameron's \"Avatar\" became the [article id=\"1630535\"]highest-grossing movie of all time[/article] in theaters, but Kathryn Bigelow's \"The Hurt Locker\" became the lowest-grossing film ever to win Best Picture at the Academy Awards on Sunday. Even with Best Visual Effects and Best Cinematography wins to boast about, many thought that \"Avatar\" would follow behind \"Titanic\" and bring a windfall of Oscar wins. Critics point to several inherent weaknesses, however, including actor fears within the Academy, traditional notions of film and political trends. [PAR] \"For whatever reason, boomer-age people, older Gen X-ers [in the Academy] are threatened by it,\" journalist and Hollywood Elsewhere writer Jeff Wells told MTV News. \"They feel on some level that they're going to be lost, that they're going to be digitally wiped out in the future.\" [PAR] Wells cited voting actors who are consistently in search of new jobs as the ones who feel they have the most to lose. [PAR] \"People like JoBeth Williams and others in that branch \u2014 we're talking about people who aren't working as much anymore, but they're getting some work and they're marginal \u2014 that's most of the Academy's actors branch,\" he explained. \"We're not talking about 3 percent or 4 percent that are working a lot and getting big money for it and doing very well.\" [PAR] Dave Karger of Entertainment Weekly's OscarWatch blog disagreed. \"I never really felt in my gut that it was going to happen,\" he said. \" 'Avatar' always seemed to me like a movie that would win four or five technical Oscars, and it ended up winning three, so I actually thought it was going to do a little better than it did. I can't see a movie like that winning Best Picture at this stage. It might take a while for a movie like that to be fully accepted.\" [PAR] Whether fear over jobs or the loss of on-camera face-time influenced the vote, the road for motion-capture acting to Oscars' biggest honors may be further off than Cameron or \"Avatar\" supporters anticipated, unless certain challenges can be overcome. [PAR] \"Cameron has made the point over and over again, you've got to really, really work it and be a really exceptional actor to come through in these things,\" Wells explained, speaking of the film's mo-cap technology. \"This is all about your own emotionality. It's all about your facial muscles.\" [PAR] It may require a new generation of actors who are trained in such methods before a breakthrough performance manages to calm anxieties and impress the voters that passed this year on \"Avatar.\" Still, Big Hollywood Editor in Chief John Nolte believes the Na'vi's loss to \"The Hurt Locker\" may have been a product of trends greater than workers facing a recession. [PAR] \"No, I think that [Cameron has] taken some pretty hard shots over the past few weeks,\" Nolte responded when asked if he thought actors balked at mo-cap. \" 'Avatar' had been criticized for being anti-military. It's a very political film, and this appeared to be a season where the Academy decided that they were going to keep politics off the front burner.\" [PAR] If \"The Hurt Locker\" managed to earn sympathies where \"Avatar\" lost them, such sentiment could have impacted the results as well. \"It was really remarkable to not take a hit as a conservative Christian during the Academy Awards,\" Nolte proposed, referencing an absence of war or political activism"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Louis XVI of France, Louisville, Kentucky - Monarchs ... King Louis XVI of France, Louisville, Kentucky - Monarchs of the World on Waymarking.com [PAR] you are not logged in. [log in] [PAR] King Louis XVI of France, Louisville, Kentucky - Monarchs of the World on Waymarking.com [PAR] Welcome to Waymarking.com! [PAR] We hope you've been able to find what you are looking for. We would also like to encourage you to take some time to browse some of the other aspects of our site. We recommend viewing our featured waymarks , or perhaps the newest waymarks . You can also create a free membership to track your progress online and share your locations with others. Click here to view the complete waymark directory [PAR] N 38\u00b0 15.259 W 085\u00b0 45.610 [PAR] 16S E 608478 N 4234759 [PAR] Quick Description: This almost 200 year old statue of the French king stands in the city named after him. [PAR] Location: Kentucky, United States [PAR] Date Posted: 9/14/2009 4:10:07 PM [PAR] Waymark Code: WM77KY [PAR] .KML File (Google Earth) [PAR] Long Description: [PAR] This marble representation of Louisville's namesake was commissioned by the king's daughter, Marie-Therese. It was crafted by the French sculptor Achille-Joseph Valois and originally unveiled in the 1820's in Montpellier, France, 36 years after the execution of King Louis XVI. [PAR] The statue, at 12 feet tall and weighing 9 tons, came to Louisville in 1967 as a gift from Mayor Francois Delmas of Montpellier, France. The two cities had recently become \"sister cities\" and the statue was presented as a gift of friendship between the two cities. [PAR] So why is a city in Kentucky named after a French king? Louis XVI was king of France during the American Revolution, and had a vested interest in seeing the colonies gain their freedom, not so much in the name of freedom and liberty, but rather to greatly reduce the size of the British Empire. In 1778 Louis reached a deal with Ben Franklin to send assistance to the fledgling United States. That backing, in the form of supplies and soldiers, helped secure America's independence. [PAR] To give thanks for the French contribution, a new settlement in what was then Virginia was named in his honor. The town of Louisville was officially chartered by the Virginia Legislature in 1780, and became part of Kentucky upon the commonwealth's statehood in 1797. By that time reforms in the French government had already led to Louis' capture and execution in 1793. [PAR] The statue of Louis XVI in Louisville holds a unique status as one of a man for whom a US city was named, coming from a French city where it had been commissioned by the man's daughter. And Louisville holds a unique status as one of the few cities in the world named for an executed criminal. [PAR] The information above is adapted from ( visit link ) [PAR] Monarch Ranking: King / Queen [PAR] Proper Title and Name of Monarch: Louis-Auguste [PAR] Country or Empire of Influence: France[DOC] [TLE] E.P. ''Tom'' Sawyer State Park, a Kentucky park located ... E.P. ''Tom'' Sawyer State Park, a Kentucky park located near Charlestown, Clarksville and Crestwood [PAR] E.P. ''TOM'' SAWYER STATE PARK [PAR] E.P. ''TOM'' SAWYER STATE PARK [PAR] 3000 Freys Hill Rd. [PAR] Louisville, Kentucky 40241 [PAR] Phone: 502-429-3280 [PAR] One of the most unique state parks in Kentucky is E.P. Tom Sawyer. The 550- acre park is located in Louisville in the northeastern part of Jefferson County off Westport Road. Named in honor of former Jefferson County Judge Executive"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mindanao, Philippines | Backpacking Asia Travel Guide Mindanao, Philippines | Backpacking Asia Travel Guide [PAR] Priority: Midd [PAR] Location Type: Region [PAR] the southernmost island group, which showcases the Philippines' indigenous and rich cultures - Travelling to the southern part of this region is dangerous and strongly discouraged [PAR] videos below are provided by YouTube under copyright of their owners. [PAR] Wikipedia - Mindanao [PAR] Mt. Apo, the highest peak in the Philippines. [PAR] Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. It is also one of the three island groups in the country, along with Luzon and Visayas. The island of Mindanao is called The Land of Promise.Mindanao is the second largest island in the country at 94,630 square kilometers, and is the eighth most populous island in the world. The island of Mindanao is larger than 125 countries worldwide, including the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, Taiwan and Ireland. The island is mountainous, and is home to Mount Apo, the highest mountain in the country. Mindanao is surrounded by seas: the Sulu Sea to the west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the south. Of all the islands of the Philippines, Mindanao and Borneo shows the greatest variety of physiographic development. High, rugged, faulted mountains; almost isolated volcanic peaks; high rolling plateaus; and broad, level, swampy plains are found there. Christians form the majority, with 63% of the population; Muslims are 32% of the population (mostly on the southern part of the island); 5% are affiliated with other religions. The native Maguindanaon and other native Muslim or non-Muslim groups of Mindanao have a culture that is different from the main cultures of the Southern Philippines. [PAR] provided by Wikipedia are under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License [PAR] Wikitravel - WARNING [PAR] Travel Warning [PAR] A heavy conflict is going on in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (Basilan, Lanao Del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi) between Muslim militias and the Philippine government. In 2009 this region was declared the world's most hazardous area for journalists by the Committee to Protect Journalists, a massacre occurred twice in this area; once in 2009 and again in 2010. Travelling to this region is dangerous and strongly discouraged. If it is necessary to visit, inform your embassy, remain cautious at all times and avoid public gatherings. ... read more [PAR] provided by Wikitravel under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License [PAR] Research Center [PAR] Not Enough information on travelling to Mindanao? Want to know more? Dive into endless sources the internet provides.[DOC] [TLE] Philippines Luxury Homes and Philippines Lifestyle Philippines Luxury Homes and Philippines Lifestyle [PAR] Philippines [PAR] by: Iyna Bort Caruso [PAR] The people of the Philippines, a southwest Asian culture by way of Spanish and American colonial influences, share a tight-knit communal nature. The Filipino term for it is bayanihan. The spirit of kinship is pervasive in this conservative, multicultural nation. [PAR] The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands, most of which are uninhabited. The country is divided into three island groups, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Life revolves around the water, and no beach is more than a couple of hours away. [PAR] International investors can buy homes in the Philippines but not the land. Land usage is generally managed through a long-term lease agreement. The Philippines ranked strong for expats, 8 out of 61 countries in a 2014 survey by InterNations, an international online community for people who live and work abroad. The country received high marks on ease of acclimating, family life and cost of living. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lemurs of Madagascar Lemurs of Madagascar [PAR] More lemur photos [PAR] Madagascar is world-famous for its lemurs\u2014primates that look something like a cat crossed with a squirrel and a dog. These animals are unique to the island and display a range of interesting behaviors from singing like a whale (the indri) to sashaying across the sand like a ballet dancer (the sifaka). Below you will learn more about these fascinating creatures. [PAR] Lemur history [PAR] Madagascar lacks the dominant form of primate distributed worldwide, those of the suborder Haplorhini (monkeys, chimps, gorillas, and Homo sapiens). Instead, their niche has been filled by an older group of primates, the lemurs. Lemurs belong to the sub-order Strepsirhini together with bushbabies, lorises, and pottos which\u2014like the original lemurs\u2014are nocturnal, insectivorous primates characterized by a small body, a long nose, and large eyes. Lemurs have an interesting evolutionary history and the only reason they still exist today is because of Madagascar's isolation. [PAR] Until around 160 million years ago, Madagascar was attached to the African mainland as part of the super continent Gondwanaland (formed of Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, India, and Madagascar). As Gondwanaland broke apart, Madgascar moved away from Africa. The first lemur-like primates on the fossil record appeared roughly 60 million years ago in mainland Africa and crossed over to Madagascar shortly thereafter. [PAR] The island continued to drift eastward and by the time monkeys appeared on the scene 17-23 million years ago, Madagascar was isolated from their arrival. As highly intelligent and adaptive primates, monkeys quickly drove the lemur lineage elsewhere in the world toward extinction (a few Strepsirhines\u2014including bushbabies, lorises, and pottos\u2014managed to hang on by retaining their nocturnal, solitary, and insectivorous traits). [PAR] Madagascar's lemurs\u2014isolated from evolutionary changes of the world\u2014radiated into the large island's many niches without much competition or predation. Today lemurs are found in virtually all of Madagascar's ecosystems and share some of the social and behavioral characteristics of monkeys (i.e., forming social groups, eating fruit and vegetation, and being active during the day). [PAR] Upper primates did not reach Madagascar until about they learned to navigate the high seas and arrived on boats roughly 2,000 years ago. Humans quickly went to work on the island's lemurs, reducing the number of species found in Madagascar by at least 15. The largest species suffered the most and today the largest remaining lemur is the Indri which would have been dwarfed by the gorilla-sized species once found on the island. Currently all lemurs are endangered species, due mainly to habitat destruction (deforestation) and hunting . [PAR] Lemurs today [PAR] Today Madagascar is home to nearly 60 \"taxa\" of lemurs (species, sub-species, and populations from 33 species across five families and 14 genera) ranging in size from the 25-gram pygmy mouse lemur to the indri. All these species are endemic to Madagascar (two lemur species were introduced to the Comoros) giving the country the second highest number of primate species after Brazil, which has 77 species (only two endemic genera and no endemic families). And new species are still being discovered\u2014 primate researchers speculate that 10-20 new species of lemurs may be described over the next generation. [PAR] Global importance of Madagascar's lemurs [PAR] According to Russell Mittermeier in The Eighth Continent , although Madagascar \"is only one of 92 countries with wild primate populations, it is alone responsible for 21 percent (14 of 65) of all primate genera and 36 percent (five of 14) of all primate families, making it the single highest priority\" for primate conservation. \"Madagascar is so important for primates that primatologists"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benny Goodman - All About Jazz Musician Database Benny Goodman @ All About Jazz [PAR] Read more [PAR] Benjamin David Goodman was born on May 30, 1909 in Chicago, Illinois. He was the eighth child of immigrants David Goodman and Dora Grisinsky Goodman, who left Russia to escape anti-Semitism. Benny's mother never learned to speak English. His father worked for a tailor to support his large family, which eventually grew to include a total of 12 children, and had trouble making ends meet. [PAR] When Benny was 10 years old, his father sent him to study music at Kehelah Jacob Synagogue in Chicago. There, Benny learned the clarinet under the tutelage of Chicago Symphony member Franz Schoepp, while two of his brothers learned tuba and trumpet. He also played in the band at Jane Addams' famous social settlement, Hull-House. [PAR] Benny's aptitude on the clarinet was immediately apparent. While he was still very young, he became a professional musician and played in several bands in Chicago. He played with his first pit band at the age of 11, and became a member of the American Federation of Musicians when he was 14, when he quit school to pursue his career in music. When his father died, 15-year-old Benny used the money he made to help support his family. During these early years in Chicago, he played with many musicians who would later become nationally renowned, such as Frank Teschemacher and Dave Tough. [PAR] When Benny was 16, he was hired by the Ben Pollack band and moved to Los Angeles. He remained with the band for four years, and became a featured soloist. In 1929, the year that marked the onset of the Great Depression and a time of distress for America, Benny left the Ben Pollack band to participate in recording sessions and radio shows in New York City. [PAR] Then, in 1933, Benny began to work with John Hammond, a jazz promoter who would later help to launch the recording careers of Billie Holiday and Count Basie, among many others. Hammond wanted Benny to record with drummer Gene Krupa and trombonist Jack Teagarden, and the result of this recording session was the onset of Benny's national popularity. Later, in 1942, Benny would marry Alice Hammond Duckworth, John Hammond's sister, and have two daughters: Rachel, who became a concert pianist, and Benji, who became a cellist. [PAR] Benny led his first band in 1934 and began a few-month stint at Billy Rose's Music Hall, playing Fletcher Henderson's arrangements along with band members Bunny Berigan, Gene Krupa and Jess Stacy. The music they played had its roots in the Southern jazz forms of ragtime and Dixieland, while its structure adhered more to arranged music than its more improvisational jazz counterparts. This gave it an accessibility that appealed to American audiences on a wide scale. America began to hear Benny 's band when he secured a weekly engagement for his band on NBC's radio show \u0093Let's Dance,\u0094 which was taped with a live studio audience. [PAR] The new swing music had the kids dancing when, on August 21, 1935, Benny's band played the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles. The gig was sensational and marked the beginning of the years that Benny would reign as King: the Swing Era. [PAR] Teenagers and college students invented new dance steps to accompany the new music sensation. Benny's band, along with many others, became hugely successful among listeners from many different backgrounds all over the country. [PAR] During this period Benny also became famous for being colorblind when it came to racial segregation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Columbia University in the City of New York Columbia University in the City of New York [PAR] Columbia University in the City of New York [PAR] Search for people, departments & websites [PAR] Submit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography of Queen Henrietta Maria - BCW Project Biography of Queen Henrietta Maria [PAR] \u00bb Biographies \u00bb Queen Henrietta Maria [PAR] Queen Henrietta Maria, 1609-69 [PAR] Loyal, courageous and devoted to King Charles I, but her influence added to the atmosphere of mistrust that surrounded the King. [PAR] Henrietta Maria was born in Paris on 26 November 1609 (NS), the youngest daughter of King Henri IV of France and Marie de Medici. She was taught riding, dancing and singing and received religious instruction from the Carmelite nuns. Her marriage to Charles, Prince of Wales, required a special dispensation from the Pope because it was the first time that a Catholic princess had married a Protestant prince. Politically, it was a move towards an alliance between France and England against Spain. [PAR] The marriage took place in May 1625 when Henrietta was 15 and Charles was 24. Her Catholicism alarmed the English Parliament, and she was not allowed to be crowned alongside her husband when he succeeded to the throne of the Three Kingdoms as King Charles I in February 1626. [PAR] Catholic Queen Consort [PAR] Apart from their religious differences, the royal couple were opposites in character and temperament: Charles was sober and aloof, Henrietta was stylish and vivacious. During the first three years of their marriage, Charles was influenced by his overbearing favourite the Duke of Buckingham , and neglected Henrietta Maria almost to the point of estrangement. But when Buckingham was assassinated in 1628, Charles transferred his affections to the Queen, and they quickly became devoted to one another. [PAR] During the 1630s, the court of King Charles and Queen Henrietta Maria was admired throughout Europe. The King's impeccable taste in art and the formality of court ritual gave an appearance of sophistication; the Queen's encouragement of dancing, music and theatre added warmth and polite gaiety. Elaborate masques were staged by Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson to dramatise the ideals of the Stuart monarchy. To the horror of many Puritans, the Queen herself sometimes took part in the performances. [PAR] Increasingly, King Charles discussed affairs of state with Henrietta Maria. He valued her opinions and advice, but because she remained a practising Roman Catholic, her influence was viewed with extreme suspicion, particularly as several prominent courtiers converted to Catholicism and a papal representative was received in England for the first time since the Reformation. When the King needed money to finance the Bishops' Wars (1639-40), the Queen raised funds by appealing to English Catholics. Her further appeals to the Vatican itself fuelled Protestant fears of a Popish conspiracy against England. She was even suspected of inciting the Irish Uprising of 1641. Rumours that members of the Long Parliament were planning to impeach the Queen prompted King Charles to make his disastrous attempt to arrest the Five Members in January 1642. [PAR] \u201cShe-Majesty, Generalissima\u201d [PAR] In February 1642, when civil war looked inevitable, Henrietta Maria left England for the Netherlands\u2014the King galloping along the cliff tops to keep her ship in sight until the last sail had vanished below the horizon. She spent almost a year in The Hague, raising loans, buying weapons and recruiting troops for the Royalist cause. By selling or pawning jewels, she raised a large fortune which financed several convoys of weapons and ammunition and a company of veteran professional soldiers to fight for the King. Braving storms and attack by Parliament's warships, she returned to England in February 1643, landing at Bridlington in Yorkshire. [PAR] Henrietta stayed with the Earl (later Marquis) of Newcastle at York. She participated in Newcastle's secret negotiations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mike Bassett England Manager Interview with ... - YouTube Mike Bassett England Manager Interview with Bradley Walsh - YouTube [PAR] Mike Bassett England Manager Interview with Bradley Walsh [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 15, 2010 [PAR] Bradley Walsh talks about his role as England Coach \"Dave Dodds\" in the Comedy Film \"Mike Bassett England Manager\". He also describes his previous professional career in football and recent acting performance in \"Lock, Stock\". [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Mike Bassett: England Manager | Film | The Guardian Mike Bassett: England Manager | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Mike Bassett: England Manager [PAR] Details: 2001, UK, Cert 15, 89 mins [PAR] Direction: Steve Barron [PAR] Summary: Mike Bassett is the ever optimistic manager of the England football side. Loved and loathed by the fans in equal measure, and always under pressure to produce results, Mike struggles to main control of his life and the players, taking out his frustrations on right-hand man Dave Dodds and his wife Karine. [PAR] With: Amanda Redman, Bradley Walsh, Ricky Tomlinson and Steve Barron"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Turn of the Screw: Character List SparkNotes: The Turn of the Screw: Character List [PAR] The Turn of the Screw [PAR] Henry James [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] The Governess - The protagonist of the novella, a twenty-year-old woman who has been put in charge of educating and supervising Flora and Miles at the country estate of Bly. The governess has had a very sheltered upbringing and little life experience, and her new job puts an immense responsibility on her, since she has no one to supervise or help her. She is intelligent as well as sensitive and emotionally volatile. Over the course of two short interviews with her employer, she fell in love with him, but she has no opportunity to see him or communicate with him. She is extremely protective of her charges and hopes to win her employer\u2019s approval. She views herself as a zealous guardian, a heroine facing dark forces. However, we never know for certain whether the ghosts and visions the governess sees are real or only figments of her imagination. No one else ever admits to seeing what she sees, and her fears, at times, seem to border on insanity. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of The Governess. [PAR] Mrs. Grose - A servant who acts as the governess\u2019s companion and confidante. Mrs. Grose, who is illiterate, is very aware of her low standing in comparison with the governess and treats the governess with great respect. Mrs. Grose listens patiently to the governess\u2019s constantly changing theories and insights, most often claiming to believe her but sometimes questioning whether the ghosts may not be imaginary. The governess, however, tends to overwhelm Mrs. Grose, often finishing Mrs. Grose\u2019s sentences or leaping to conclusions about what Mrs. Grose is saying. Thus, it can sometimes be difficult for us to judge whether Mrs. Grose is as strongly on the governess\u2019s side as the governess thinks. Mrs. Grose cares deeply about Flora and Miles and consistently defends them against the governess\u2019s accusations. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Mrs. Grose. [PAR] Miles - A ten-year-old boy, the elder of the governess\u2019s two charges. Miles is charming and very attractive. He seems unnaturally well behaved and agreeable for a child, never fights with his sister, and tries constantly to please his governess. He is expelled from school for an unspecified but seemingly sinister reason, and although he seems to be a good child, he often hints that he is capable of being bad. The governess is alarmed by the fact that Miles never refers to his own past and suspects that wicked secrets belie his perfect exterior. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Miles. [PAR] Flora - An eight-year-old girl, the younger of the governess\u2019s two charges. Flora is beautiful and well mannered, a pleasure to be around. Although the governess loves Flora, she is disturbed that Flora, like Miles, seems strangely impersonal and reticent about herself. Flora is affectionate and always ready with an embrace or a smile. She is so unusually well behaved that her first instance of misconduct is disquieting. The governess eventually becomes convinced that Flora sees the ghost of Miss Jessel but keeps these sightings secret."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catcher in the Rye is published - Jul 16, 1951 - HISTORY.com Catcher in the Rye is published - Jul 16, 1951 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Catcher in the Rye is published [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Catcher in the Rye is published [PAR] Author [PAR] Catcher in the Rye is published [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] J.D. Salinger\u2019s only novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is published by Little, Brown on this day in 1951. The book, about a confused teenager disillusioned by the adult world, is an instant hit and will be taught in high schools for half a century. [PAR] The 31-year-old Salinger had worked on the novel for a decade. His stories had already started appearing in the 1940s, many in the New Yorker. [PAR] The book took the country by storm, selling out and becoming a Book of the Month Club selection. Fame did not agree with Salinger, who retreated to a hilltop cabin in Cornish, New York, but he continued to publish stories in the New Yorker periodically. He published Franny and Zooey in 1963, based on two combined New Yorker stories. [PAR] Salinger stopped publishing work in 1965, the same year he divorced his wife of 12 years, whom he had married when he was 32. In 1999, journalist Joyce Maynard published a book about her affair with Salinger, which had taken place more than two decades earlier. Notoriously reclusive, Salinger died at his home in New Hampsire on Jan. 27, 2010. He was 91 years old. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] The 100 best novels: No 72 \u2013 The Catcher in the Rye by JD ... The 100 best novels: No 72 \u2013 The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger (1951) | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The 100 best novels [PAR] The 100 best novels: No 72 \u2013 The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger (1951) [PAR] JD Salinger\u2019s study of teenage rebellion remains one of the most controversial and best-loved American novels of the 20th century [PAR] JD Salinger in New York, November 1952. He was soon to move to Cornish, New Hampshire, where he became ever more reclusive. Photograph: San Diego Historical Society/Getty Images [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] JD Salinger\u2019s Holden Caulfield is to the 20th century what Huckleberry Finn is to the 19th: the unforgettably haunting voice of the adolescent at odds with a troubling world. Holden, the opposite of Huck, is an unhappy rich boy who has done a bunk from his posh secondary school, Pencey Prep, in Agerstown, Pennsylvania. He begins his first-person narrative in words that echo the famous opening of Twain\u2019s novel ( No 23 in this series ), a frank disavowal of \u201call that David Copperfield kind of crap\u201d. [PAR] Holden declares that he isn\u2019t going to tell us \u201cabout this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas just before I got pretty run-down\u201d. Actually, that\u2019s just what he does, writing (apparently in retrospect from California) about three days in December 1949 when, having been chastised by his school \u201cfor not applying myself\u201d, he plays truant over a long and memorable weekend in Manhattan. Holden is tortured by the battle to come to terms with himself, with his little sister Phoebe, and their dead brother Allie. Like many adolescents, he feels that the world is an alien, hostile and comfortless place run by \u201cphonies\u201d. [PAR] One of the many remarkable things about Salinger\u2019s portrayal of Holden Caulfield is that he seems to be fully inside the head of this troubled 16-year-old when the author"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prophecies of Armageddon \u00bb Prophecies of Mother Shipton Prophecies of Armageddon \u00bb Prophecies of Mother Shipton [PAR] Prophecies of Mother Shipton [PAR] Videos [PAR] Prophecies of Mother Shipton [PAR] Ursula Southeil (c. 1488\u20131561) (possibly Ursula Southill or Ursula Soothtell), better known as Mother Shipton, was an English soothsayer and prophetess. The first publication of her prophecies, which did not appear until 1641, eighty years after her reported death, contained a number of mainly regional predictions, but only two prophetic verses \u2013 neither of which foretold the End of the World, despite widespread assumptions to that effect. [PAR] One of the most notable editions of her prophecies was published in 1684. It states that she was born in Knaresborough,Yorkshire, in a cave now known as Mother Shipton\u2019s Cave, that along with the Petrifying Well and associated parkland is operated as a visitor attraction. She was reputed to be hideously ugly. The book also claims that she married Toby Shipton, a local carpenter, near York in 1512 and told fortunes and made predictions throughout her life. [PAR] Some prophecies of Mother Shipton [PAR] When pictures seem alive with movements free, [PAR] when boats like fishes swim beneath the sea. [PAR] When men like birds shall scour the sky. [PAR] Then half the world, deep drenched in blood shall die. [PAR] For those who live the century through [PAR] in fear and trembling this shall do. [PAR] Flee to the mountains and the dens [PAR] to bog and forest and wild fens. [PAR] For storms will rage and oceans roar [PAR] when Gabriel stands on sea and shore, [PAR] and as he blows his wondrous horn [PAR] old worlds die and new be born. [PAR] A fiery dragon will cross the sky [PAR] six times before the earth shall die. [PAR] Mankind will tremble and frightened be [PAR] for the six heralds in this prophecy. [PAR] For seven days and seven nights [PAR] man will watch this awesome sight. [PAR] The tides will rise beyond their ken. [PAR] To bite away the shores and then [PAR] three mountains will begin to roar [PAR] and earthquakes split the plain to shore. [PAR] And flooding waters rushing in, [PAR] will flood the lands with such a din [PAR] that mankind cowers in muddy fen [PAR] and snarls about his fellow men. [PAR] He bares his teeth and fights and kills [PAR] and secrets food in secret hill [PAR] and ugly in his fear, he lies [PAR] to kill marauders, thieves and spies. [PAR] Man flees in terror from the floods [PAR] and kills, and rapes and lies in blood [PAR] and spilling blood by mankind\u2019s hand [PAR] will stain and bitter many lands. [PAR] And when the dragon\u2019s tail is gone [PAR] man forgets and smiles and carries on. [PAR] To apply himself \u2013 too late, too late [PAR] for mankind has earned deserved fate. [PAR] His masked smile, his false grandeur, [PAR] will serve the gods their anger stir [PAR] and they will send the dragon back [PAR] to light the sky \u2013 his tail will crack. [PAR] Upon the earth and rend the earth [PAR] and man shall flee, king, lord and serf. [PAR] But slowly they are routed out [PAR] to seek diminishing water spout [PAR] and men will die of thirst before [PAR] the oceans rise to mount to the shore. [PAR] And lands will crack and rend anew [PAR] do you think it strange, it will come true. [PAR] And in some far \u2013 off distant land [PAR] some men \u2013 oh such a tiny band [PAR] will"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skittles' new advertising campaign - Talking Retail Skittles' new advertising campaign [PAR] \ue716Print article [PAR] Imagine a world where everything you touch turns to Skittles\u00ae, that is exactly what Wrigley has created in its latest TV advert for this colourful confectionery brand. On TV screens from the 3rd May for three weeks, this twisted take on reality follows lead character, Tim and his magical ability to create never-ending Skittles\u00ae. [PAR] But is it really awesome when you can\u2019t hold your new born baby? How would you feed and dress yourself? Or even answer the phone? The new Skittles\u00ae advert is sure get people talking about it and will drive sales of the rainbow coloured brand for retailers. [PAR] The first UK Skittles\u00ae TV advert in two years is designed to appeal to 18-30 year olds, encouraging viewers to expect the unexpected and open their imaginations. Containing comedic one liners, the absurd storyline, which parodies the Midas Touch, will excite existing fans of Skittles\u00ae and attract new ones. [PAR] The hilarious advert takes place in an office setting and features worker \u2018Tim\u2019 sitting at his desk. A female colleague approaches with a young male and asks \u2018Tim\u2019 to \u201cShow Joel how everything you touch turns to Skittles\u00ae\u201d. \u2018Tim\u2019 looks forlornly at his hands, then goes onto turn a stapler, telephone and eventually his desk into hundreds of Skittles\u00ae sending his computer and belongings crashing to the floor. The advert comes to a close with a packet of Skittles\u00ae and the slogan \u2018Touch the rainbow, taste the rainbow\u00ae\u2019. [PAR] Elena Ibora, Skittles\u00ae Brand Manager, says, \u201cWe are delighted that we can bring this unique advertising campaign to the UK following its huge success in America. This advert will definitely keep Skittles\u00ae fans on their toes, bringing the element of surprise straight to TV screens and tapping into their energetic and fun-loving natures. I recommend that retailers should stock up quick to maximise sales and increase profit.\u201d [PAR] Skittles\u00ae has already established itself as one of the most successful brands on Facebook, engaging over 2million fans on their UK page with creative campaigns such as \u201cDrown a Man in Skittles\u00ae\u201d. The advert and recent Limited Edition Blue packs are set to further cement Skittles\u00ae as one of the UK\u2019s most innovative confectionary brands. [PAR] The Skittles\u00ae brand is growing by 11% YOY and is now worth \u00a318m making the brand the 6th largest Fruit Confectionery brand in the UK. [PAR] Source: Skittles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie Curie - Physicist - Biography.com Marie Curie - Physicist - Biography.com [PAR] Marie Curie [PAR] Marie Curie was a Polish-born French physicist famous for her work on radioactivity and twice a winner of the Nobel Prize. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cI believe that Science has great beauty. A scientist in his laboratory is not a mere technician; he is also a child confronting natural phenomena that impress him as though they were fairy tales.\u201d [PAR] \u201cOne never notices what has been done; one can only see what remains to be done.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIn science, we must be interested in things, not in persons.\u201d [PAR] \u201cAll my life through, the new sights of Nature made me rejoice like a child.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIn the education of children the requirement of their growth and physical evolution should be respected, and that some time should be left for their artistic culture.\u201d [PAR] \u201cNothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI was taught that the way of progress was neither swift nor easy.\u201d [PAR] \u201cLife is not easy for any of us. But what of that? We must perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves.\u201d [PAR] \u201cYou cannot hope to build a better world without improving the individuals.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIt is important to make a dream of life and a dream reality.\u201d [PAR] \u201cThere are sadistic scientists who hurry to hunt down errors instead of establishing the truth.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Marie Curie [PAR] Marie Curie - Mini Biography (TV-PG; 3:04) Marie Curie's work on radioactivity made her the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Curie's efforts led to the discovery of polonium and radium and the development of X-rays. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, Marie Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only woman to win the award in two different fields (physics and chemistry). Curie's efforts, with her husband Pierre Curie, led to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierre's death, the further development of X-rays. She died on July 4, 1934. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Maria Sklodowska, better known as Marie Curie, was born in Warsaw in modern-day Poland on November 7, 1867. Her parents were both teachers, and she was the youngest of five children, following siblings Zosia, J\u00f3zef, Bronya and Hela. As a child Curie took after her father, Wladyslaw, a math and physics instructor. She had a bright and curious mind and excelled at school. But tragedy struck early, and when she was only 10, Curie lost her mother, Bronislawa, to tuberculosis. [PAR] A top student in her secondary school, Curie could not attend the men-only University of Warsaw. She instead continued her education in Warsaw's \"floating university,\" a set of underground, informal classes held in secret. Both Curie and her sister Bronya dreamed of going abroad to earn an official degree, but they lacked the financial resources to pay for more schooling. Undeterred, Curie worked out a deal with her sister. She would work to support Bronya while she was in school and Bronya would return the favor after she completed her studies. [PAR] For roughly five years, Curie worked as a tutor and a governess. She used her spare time to study, reading about physics, chemistry and math. In 1891, Curie finally made her way to Paris where she enrolled at the Sorbonne in Paris. She threw herself into her studies, but this dedication had a personal cost. With little money, Curie survived on buttered bread and tea,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Garfield's Love For Food In Comic Strips (PHOTOS) Garfield's Love For Food In Comic Strips (PHOTOS) | The Huffington Post [PAR] Garfield's Love For Food In Comic Strips (PHOTOS) [PAR] 09/17/2013 09:19 am ET | Updated Sep 20, 2013 [PAR] 2.3k [PAR] There are a lot of reasons Garfield is one of our favorite cartoon characters: his unique humor , the relationship he shares with his human, Jon, and the help he has offered in understanding our own felines . But most of all, we love Garfield for the way he is not afraid to declare his love for food. [PAR] Known for being a slightly overweight and somewhat lazy cat , Garfield embraces his figure and the enormous amounts of food he is prone to consuming. Some of his favorite meals include lasagna, hamburgers, doughnuts and cake -- basically the well-balanced diet of champions. We collected 20 comic strips that best illustrate Garfield's not-so-hidden feelings on food, and we love him even more after compiling the below list. [PAR] All comics courtesy of Garfield.com . [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rowan Williams: UK 'needs to do more for refugees', says ... Rowan Williams: UK 'needs to do more for refugees', says former archbishop - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Rowan Williams: UK 'needs to do more for refugees', says former archbishop [PAR] 19 June 2016 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image copyright PA [PAR] Image caption Dr Williams was appointed the Archbishop of Canterbury in 2002, standing down in 2012 [PAR] The UK government needs to do more to respond to the refugee crisis, the former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams has said. [PAR] Dr Williams, who is now the chairman of the charity Christian Aid, said the rhetoric in the media which suggested the UK was \"full\" was \"unfounded\". [PAR] \"The UK must not turn a blind eye to this crisis. We must do more,\" he said. [PAR] The government said it had pledged to resettle 20,000 Syrian refugees by 2020 - and about 1,600 had already arrived. [PAR] Dr Williams, who made his comments ahead of Refugee Week which begins on Monday, said the refugee crisis was the biggest displacement of people to Europe since the Second World War. [PAR] \"Desperate people who have been driven out of their homes by war are being forced to make dangerous journeys in search of sanctuary. Yet many countries are closing their borders and putting up barbed wire,\" he said. [PAR] \"The UK must not turn a blind eye to this crisis. We can and must do more to respond.\" [PAR] 'Welcoming strangers' [PAR] He said the UK had a proud history of offering refuge to those in need, welcoming Jewish children from Nazi Germany, Vietnamese refugees in the 1970s and Kosovan refugees in the late 1990s. [PAR] \"The rhetoric in the media is one that suggests that the UK is 'full', and that those arriving on our shores are a drain on our economy,\" he said. [PAR] \"Not only are these assertions unfounded, but they fail to recognise the positive, life-affirming contributions that generations of refugees have made to British society - and that we ourselves are changed by welcoming the stranger.\" [PAR] Image copyright AP [PAR] Dr Williams, who was appointed the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury in 2002 and stood down in 2012, said the charity Christian Aid was founded on the belief that \"all people would live together as neighbours\". [PAR] The charity wants the government to take on \"far higher\" numbers of refugees and accelerate the resettlement of the 20,000 Syrian refugees it has agreed to accept. [PAR] Syria has been embroiled in a bloody armed conflict for nearly five years. More than 250,000 Syrians have been killed, and 11 million displaced from their homes - more than four million have already left the country. [PAR] Vulnerable children [PAR] A Home Office spokesman said: \"Last month the UK announced we will resettle unaccompanied migrant children registered in Greece, Italy or France before 20 March, where this is in their best interests. [PAR] \"It will mean the UK can focus on the most vulnerable children already in Europe - without encouraging more to make the journey. [PAR] \"This builds on the further announcement that 3,000 vulnerable children and family members will be resettled direct from the Middle East and North Africa.\" [PAR] Syrian refugees are arriving in the UK under the government's Vulnerable Persons Relocation (VPR) scheme . [PAR] The Home Office also highlighted the fact that the government had pledged \u00a32.3bn in humanitarian aid to Syria and its neighbouring countries. [PAR] Vulnerable Persons Relocation Scheme [PAR] \"Paperwork\" is completed before the refugees arrive. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fountain of Wealth (Singapore): Top Tips Before You Go ... Fountain of Wealth (Singapore): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor [PAR] Neighborhood Profile [PAR] Marina Bay [PAR] More of a mini city than a neighborhood in the traditional sense, the iconic Marina Bay aims to dazzle and entertain visitors of all kinds. This is the Singapore found in glossy brochures, featuring a world-class hotel, casino, shops, restaurants, bars, and other attractions all geared towards pure entertainment. The SkyPark at Marina Bay Sands provides a stunning view of the city, a must-see photo opportunity for visitors and locals alike. The ArtScience Museum always has a top-quality exhibition, and Gardens by the Bay is a fascinating manifestation of the government\u2019s vision of Singapore as a \u201ccity in a garden\u201d. Enticing Marina Bay is well worth a visit."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] B\u00e9arnaise Sauce - Fine Cooking B\u00e9arnaise Sauce [PAR] B\u00e9arnaise Sauce [PAR] by James Peterson from Fine Cooking [PAR] Issue 36 [PAR] Last Edit Date: 3/6/2013 4:18:45 PM [PAR] To make b\u00e9arnaise sauce, you use the same technique as for hollandaise sauce , replacing the lemon juice with a reduction of wine, vinegar, shallots, and tarragon. [PAR] more about: [PAR] 1/4 cup dry white wine [PAR] 1/4 cup white-wine vinegar [PAR] 4 large sprigs fresh tarragon [PAR] Salt to taste [PAR] 10 oz. (2-1/2 sticks) good-quality unsalted butter [PAR] 3 large egg yolks [PAR] 3 Tbs. water [PAR] Salt and freshly ground pepper to taste [PAR] To make the reduction: Combine the shallots, wine, vinegar, peppercorns, and tarragon in a heavy-based saucepan and simmer over medium high until 2 Tbs. of liquid remains. Strain and discard the solids. [PAR] To make the sauce: In a heavy-based saucepan, melt the butter. Simmer it rapidly for at least 10 minutes.; the water will evaporate and the milk solids will coagulate on the bottom and sides of the pan. Let the melted butter sit for a few minutes so the solids will fall to the bottom. Skim off the foam on top and then either decant the golden liquid, leaving the solids behind, or pour the melted butter through a cheesecloth-lined strainer. Put the eggs and water in a Windsor pan (a saucepan with sloped sides) or in a heavy-duty metal mixing bowl (you'll have to hold it by one edge with a kitchen towel over the burner). Off the heat, whisk the eggs and water for 30 seconds, whipping in lots of air. Cook the sabayon over very low heat, whisking constantly and scraping the bowl, until thick and voluminous. The whisk will leave tracks that hold for a few seconds. At this point, take it off the heat and whisk rapidly for 30 seconds to cool it slightly. Add the clarified butter a little at a time, whisking constantly. Be sure the butter isn't too hot or it will break the emulsion. [PAR] To finish the sauce is done, whisk in 1 Tbs. of the reduction (or more to taste). Season with salt and pepper. Stir in finely chopped tarragon, if you like. [PAR] Photo: Scott Phillips[DOC] [TLE] Bearnaise Sauce Recipe : Food Network Bearnaise Sauce Recipe : Food Network [PAR] Cranberry Sauce Recipes [PAR] 3.7 22 [PAR] Too vinegary and runny. I had to add cornstarch to thicken. I would not use this recipe again.<div><br /></div> Anonymous 2016-09-06T06:07:36Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] Spectacularly awful. Anonymous 2015-04-25T23:17:51Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] This really is not a good recipe, at all. The sauce is extremely sour, with a strong vinegar taste. I'm glad I prepped it before I made my steaks, so I could go back and use a better recipe. I do not recommend. For the record, I did follow the recipe exactly. Awful, awful sauce. Madeline A. 2013-12-29T02:43:03Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] My company and I thought this was delicious. I was making a \"poor man's\" surf and turf and used the sauce with thinly sliced flank steak. We all thought that it was outstanding. Tony Nastasi 2013-11-24T14:32:09Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] I followed the instructions and quantities exactly. The result was a horribly sour (vinegary) sauce. I would never follow this recipe again Steve Kaukl 2013-11-06T21:48:33Z item not reviewed by moderator and published [PAR] I made this recipe to apply on my steaks. Granted it is easy to make it but if"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Adam Ant - - Biography.com Adam Ant - Singer - Biography.com [PAR] Adam Ant [PAR] Adam Ant came to fame in the early 1980s as the lead singer of the New Wave band Adam and the Ants. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cI like being infamous. I think it is safe being a cult.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI feel very grateful to be alive and well enough to make music. Because for a time there, it was like the Alamo. It really was. It got a bit sticky.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Adam Ant [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born in 1954, Stuart Goddard, also known as Adam Ant, started playing music while at art school in the 1970s. He eventually formed Adam and the Ants, a wildly successful New Wave band that featured Adam as the frontman. After the group's breakup in 1982, Ant went on to have a mixed solo career while also battling depression and a bipolar condition. He made his return to music in 2013 with Adam Ant Is The Blueblack Hussar in Marrying The Gunner's Daughter followed by Bravest of the Brave in 2016. Ant began touring again as well in support of his new work. [PAR] Early Years [PAR] A post-punk, New Wave superstar, Stuart Leslie Goddard, better known as Adam Ant, was born on November 3, 1954 in London, England. An only child, his parents, Leslie Goddard and Betty Kathleen Smith, divorced when he was 7 years old. [PAR] Troubled by the divorce and affected by his father's alcoholism and abusive nature, Goddard struggled in school and flashed his own temper, until a teacher took him under his wing and introduced him to the arts. Able to turn around his academic performance, Goddard graduated with high marks and enrolled at the prestigious Hornsey College of Art, where he planned to study graphic design. [PAR] While at Hornsey, Goddard met and fell in love with a fellow student, Carol Mills. By this time, he had jumped into music, playing bass for a band called Bazooka Joe. To support her young husband, Carol designed rubber outfits for him, an idea that Goddard had picked up from fetish magazines. But confusion greeted Goddard at college. He was unsure whether he should study art or music, and he was confused about his marriage. In his final year of college, he became anorexic. \"I just didn't eat,\" he later said. \"I wasn't attempting to slim, I was attempting to kill myself.\" [PAR] After overdosing on pills, Goddard was committed to a mental hospital in London. Upon his release, he changed his name to Adam Ant; Carol, who was entrusted to take care of Ant, became known as Eve. But their marriage was on the rocks, and in 1976, the couple divorced. [PAR] Adam and the Ants [PAR] Committed to making music, Ant reconnected with a few former band mates after his release from the hospital and formed a new band, at first called The Ants. Later they renamed themselves, Adam and the Ants. [PAR] While the band's original incarnation proved to be a flop, after a reshuffling of the lineup, the Ants, backed by the playing of new guitar player, Marco Pirroni, rose to the top of the charts, first in Britain and later, America. The group's two albums, Kings of the Wild Frontier (1980) and Prince Charming (1982) that produced an astounding 16 hits and sole more than 15 million records. [PAR] In 1981 alone, the Ants had an astonishing seven singles, including Stand and Deliver, in the UK top 40 at the same time. As their popularity crossed the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Armor Glossary - Armour & Armor Armor Glossary [PAR] Armor Glossary [PAR] July 27, 2013, 12:27 am [PAR] 2.5k Views [PAR] A [PAR] Ailette [PAR] A flat plate of leather or parchment which tied to the point of the shoulder. Worn between 1250-1350 to display the owner\u2019s coat of arms. [PAR] Aketon [PAR] A padded and quilted garment, usually of linen, worn under or instead of plate or mail. [PAR] Almain Rivet [PAR] A munition-grade half-armor imported from Germany in the early 16th Century. [PAR] Anime [PAR] Splinted armor of overlapped horizontal plates for the torso. [PAR] Armet [PAR] Originating in the fifteenth century, a helmet of Italian origin consisting a skull, two hinged cheek pieces which lock at the front, and a visor. [PAR] Arming doublet [PAR] Quilted garment worn under armor from the early fifteenth century, equipped with points to attach mail gussets and pieces of armor. See also arming points. [PAR] Arming points [PAR] Ties (usually of flax or twine) by which armor was secured in place to the arming doublet. See also arming doublet. [PAR] Aventail [PAR] A curtain of mail attached by means of vervelles around the base of a helmet (typically the bascinet), protecting the neck and covering the shoulders. See also bascinet, vervelles. [PAR] B [PAR] Piece of plate armor protecting the back half of the torso. [PAR] Banded Maille [PAR] A largely discounted Victorian concept of maille with leather \u201cbands\u201d woven through it. The origin of the term seems to stem from misinterpretations of artistic shortcuts in representing maille armor in illustrations and effigies. See also maille. [PAR] Barbote [PAR] A high bevor with a falling lame containing eyeslits; used in Spain. See also bevor. [PAR] Barbute [PAR] Also called barbut, barbuta. An open-faced, usually shoulder-length Italian helmet, made in one piece, with a T-shaped face opening. Barbuta is the Italian term. A [PAR] Bard [PAR] A full horse armor, which could include a crinet, crupper, flanchard, peytral, shaffron. [PAR] Bascinet, Basinet [PAR] An open-faced helmet with a globular or conical skull enclosing the sides of the face and neck. Usually worn with and aventail, and occasionally a visor. See also aventail, hunskull, visor. [PAR] Bellows Visor [PAR] A modern term for a visor with horizontal ridges, such as on \u2018Maximilian\u2019 German fluted armors of the early sixteenth century. [PAR] Besagew [PAR] Defensive circular plate suspended over the wearer\u2019s armpit. [PAR] Bevor [PAR] Also called bavier or buffe. A chin-shaped defense for the lower face, incorporating a gorget plate. The buffe was an early sixteenth century variant, worn strapped to an open-faced helmet such as the burgonet. [PAR] Birnie [PAR] Also called byrnie. A mail shirt. See also hauberk. [PAR] Bishop\u2019s Mantle [PAR] Modern term for the cape of mail worn (largely in Germany) in the early sixteenth century. [PAR] Blueing [PAR] An oxidized blue surface on plate armor, produced through heat treatment. [PAR] Bouche [PAR] The notch cut in the top (dexter) corner of a shield, to rest the lance when jousting. [PAR] Bracer [PAR] Early fourteenth century form of defence for the lower arm; also a term for an archer\u2019s arm guard to protect the forearm from the bowstring. [PAR] Breast Plate [PAR] Piece of armor that protects the front of the torso. [PAR] Breaths [PAR] Holes or slits in the visor of a helmet or the lames of a falling buff or bevor, for ventilation; also usually permitting a degree of extra vision. [PAR] Brigandine [PAR] A flexible body defence consisting of a large number of metal plates riveted inside a cloth covering. [PAR] Buckler [PAR] Small"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Expert tips on cutting your own hair - NY Daily News Expert tips on cutting your own hair - NY Daily News [PAR] If you're tempted to cut your own hair, be sure to follow our experts' tips [PAR] Expert tips on cutting your own hair [PAR] If you\u2019re not careful when you cut your own hair, you could run into problems. [PAR] (VladimirFLoyd/Getty Images/iStockphoto) [PAR] NEW YORK DAILY NEWS [PAR] Sunday, July 13, 2014, 2:00 AM [PAR] Dame Helen Mirren hacks at her own hair \u2014 something many New York women have been tempted to do, especially during hot, humid months. [PAR] And it almost always ends in disaster. [PAR] \u201cI can\u2019t handle going to the hairdresser every six weeks, so I only go about once a year,\u201d Mirren, 68, tells the August issue of Redbook magazine. \u201cIn between, I get out the scissors and do something, usually rather disastrously. [PAR] \u201cSometimes I\u2019ll even chop my hair the morning of a big red carpet event.\u201d [PAR] If you\u2019re a woman, chances are you\u2019ve done the same at at some point in your life \u2014 often resulting in tears and a swift trip to the hairdresser for a fix-up. [PAR] \u201cI thought I could pull it off,\u201d says Linda Charles, from the Bronx. \u201cIt was like a bad buzz cut from the Army. I went into hiding. I would never do it again.\u201d [PAR] Katherine White, 22, of the Upper East Side, cuts her own hair often. \u201cIt was at college and I didn\u2019t want to spend money,\u201d she says. \u201cSometimes it\u2019s a little screwy in the back.\u201d [PAR] Don\u2019t expect perfection\" \u201cPeople can cut their own hair as long as the end goal isn\u2019t a perfect, crisp, polished look.\" [PAR] You get what you pay for. [PAR] But with summer here, some gals just want to get their hair out of their face as soon as possible, and can\u2019t always wait for a salon appointment. [PAR] If you\u2019re going to chop your own locks, follow these tips from the experts. [PAR] ----- [PAR] Don\u2019t wet your hair: Cut it while it\u2019s dry. Most stylists agree. [PAR] Helen Mirren says she sometimes resorts to cutting her own hair, even before red-carpet events. [PAR] (Jason Merritt/Getty Images) [PAR] Use tiny scissors: Forget about professional haircutting shears. \u201cUse something like cuticle scissors or baby nail-trimming shears, with very small blades,\u201d says Donna Williams, stylist at Tomahawk Salon in Bushwick. \u201cYou don\u2019t want a professional scissor \u2014 that blade is too long to control what you\u2019re doing.\u201d [PAR] Be realistic: Don\u2019t expect perfection. \u201cPeople can cut their own hair as long as the end goal isn\u2019t a perfect, crisp, polished look,\u201d says Michael Angelo, founder of Michael Angelo\u2019s Wonderland Beauty Parlor in the West Village. [PAR] Don\u2019t cut while tipsy: You\u2019ll need steady hands and good judgment. Angelo, who\u2019s done his share of fix-ups, says many disasters occur when the self-stylist has had a few glasses of wine. \u201cWe should always do things like this when we\u2019re stone-cold sober,\u201d he says. [PAR] Cut only what you can see : Don\u2019t try to use a mirror for trimming the back. \u201cNever,\u201d says Donna Williams of Tomahawk Salon in Bushwick. \u201cIf you can\u2019t pull the hair around and look at those ends, then don\u2019t try to cut it.\u201d [PAR] Keep your style. \u201cDon\u2019t try to re-do a haircut,\u201d or invent a new one at home, Williams says. \u201cYou don\u2019t ever want to take on layers yourself.\u201d Basic maintenance is what you\u2019re looking for. [PAR] Do the twist: Beauty blogger Nuccia Ardagna did a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LDDC Monograph - Regeneration and the Arts in London ... Links with Hidden Text Descriptions [PAR] Top of Page [PAR] Foreword [PAR] The practical issues embodied in the regeneration of London Docklands inevitably meant that the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) had to concentrate on the major elements - transport and access issues, physical regeneration in the form of new commercial and residential developments, environmental improvements and so on. As part of this process of change, the LDDC also had to take into account issues involving the community and the impact of these changes for people living, working and visiting the area. Quality of life became another significant factor and the role of the arts as a force for regeneration increased in importance. [PAR] In the early years, this role was undervalued, but it came to be understood as a strong and positive influence particularly during the last ten years of the LDDC remit. The arts were able to provide links between the many elements in a number of ways, providing performance space and venues; improving the environment with public art; encouraging co-operation between local authorities, the LDDC and the arts funding bodies; introducing new organisations into the area; fostering ideas and cross-cultural understanding through education and training programmes and assisting community initiatives. Attention was drawn to the Docklands area by the use of high-profile international events. The beauty and use of existing warehouses and other buildings were as important as developing new spaces. The use of arts and other events helped to generate interest in the area, reassure organisations contemplating relocation and generate a sense of pride in the place. [PAR] Over recent years, there has been an underlying determination to provide a legacy from the arts, both physical and structural. The LDDC has used its resources to pump-prime activities so that there is a good chance for continuation of funding and activities in the area long after the LDDC has ceased operating. The results are encouraging. [PAR] This monograph, by the well known arts writer Robert Maycock, can only provide an overview of the role the arts played in the regeneration of London Docklands between 1981 and 1998 but the evidence is there for all to see. The redevelopment of the Docklands area was one of world's largest regeneration projects; the use of the arts can be identified as a key factor in that process. [PAR] LDDC March 1998 [PAR] Top of Page [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Like the regeneration of London Docklands itself, the London Docklands Development Corporation's (LDDC) arts programme has all the elements of a great adventure. It comes to an end with a tantalising mix of proven achievements and continuing business. It leaves a permanent mark on the physical environment and a still-changing one on the cultural map. [PAR] While the LDDC's arts activities began with undeniable vision and enthusiasm, acknowledgment of the full benefits of regeneration took time to take root within mainstream policy. In the process the programme's goals slowly evolved from a means of showcasing the area's potential into one of the mainstays of the regeneration process, the prime vehicle for enhancing cultural life in the new community. [PAR] A whole spectrum of attitudes and agendas, put into action over a decade and more, ensured that the activity covered a far wider range than any one impresario or arts mandarin could have achieved. [PAR] The programme had several strands: public art, an incentive and development scheme, finding new uses for old buildings, capital projects and education and training. Sculptures and specially commissioned street furniture sprang up in almost any style"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Invented the Telescope? - Space.com Who Invented the Telescope? [PAR] Who Invented the Telescope? [PAR] By Lauren Cox, SPACE.com Contributor | [PAR] July 13, 2013 11:40am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The telescope is one of humankind's most important inventions. The simple device that made far away things look near gave observers a new perspective. When curious men pointed the spyglass toward the sky, our view of Earth and our place in the universe changed forever. [PAR] But who invented the telescope? The answer remains a mystery today. It is highly probable that as glassmaking and lens-grinding techniques improved in the late 1500s, someone held up two lenses and discovered what they could do. [PAR] Hans Lippershey, credited with invention of the telescope. [PAR] Credit: Public domain [PAR] The first person to apply for a patent for a telescope was a Dutch eyeglass maker named Hans Lippershey (or Lipperhey). In 1608, Lippershey tried to lay claim on a device with three-times magnification. His telescope had a concave eyepiece aligned with a convex objective lens. One story goes that he got the idea for his design after observing two children in his shop holding up two lenses that made a distant weather vane appear close. Others charged at the time that he stole the design from another eyeglass maker, Zacharias Jansen. [PAR] Jansen and Lippershey lived in the same town and both worked on making optical instruments. Scholars generally argue, however, that there is no real evidence that Lippershey did not develop his telescope independently. Lippershey, therefore, gets the credit for the telescope, because of the patent application, while Jansen is credited with inventing the compound microscope. Both appear to have contributed to the development of both instruments. [PAR] Compounding the confusion, yet another Dutchman, Jacob Metius, applied for a patent for a telescope a few weeks after Lippershey. The government of the Netherlands eventually turned down both applications because of the counterclaims. Also, officials said, the device was easy to reproduce, making it difficult to patent. In the end, Metius got a small reward, but the government paid Lippershey a handsome fee to make copies of his telescope. [PAR] A 1754 painting by H.J. Detouche shows Galileo Galilei displaying his telescope to Leonardo Donato and the Venetian Senate. [PAR] Credit: Public domain [PAR] Enter Galileo [PAR] In 1609, Galileo Galilei heard about the \"Dutch perspective glasses\" and within days had designed one of his own \u2014 without ever seeing one. He made some improvements on his initial design and presented his device to the Venetian Senate. The Senate, in turn, set him up for life as a lecturer at the University of Padua and doubled his salary, according to Stillman Drake in his book \"Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography\" (Courier Dover Publications, 2003). [PAR] Galileo's ink renderings of the moon: the first telescopic observations of a celestial object. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Galileo was the first to point a telescope skyward. He was able to make out mountains and craters on the moon, as well as a ribbon of diffuse light arching across the sky \u2014 the Milky Way . He also discovered the sun had sunspots, and Jupiter had its own set of moons . [PAR] The British ethnographer and mathematician Thomas Harriot also used a spyglass to observe the moon. Harriot became famous for his travels to the early settlements in Virginia to detail resources there. His August 1609 drawings of the moon predate Galileo's, but were never published. [PAR] The more he looked, the more Galileo was convinced of the sun-centered Copernican model of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com [PAR] Myths [PAR] Persephone, Queen of the Underworld [PAR] The story of Persephone, the sweet daughter of goddess Demeter who was kidnapped by Hades and later became the Queen of the Underworld, is known all over the world. It is actually the way of the ancient Greeks to explain the change of the seasons, the eternal cycle of the Nature's death and rebirth. Persephone is understood in people's mind as a naive little girl who flows between the protection of the mother and the love of her husband. The myth of Persephone was very popular in the ancient times and it is said that her story was represented in the Eleusinian Mysteries, the great private and secret celebrations of ancient Greece. [PAR] Want to discover more myths? [PAR] Discover the myth of Persephone, the Queen of the Underworld [PAR] The abduction from Hades [PAR] According to Greek Mythology, Persephone, the queen of the underworld, was the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, the goddess of harvest and fertility. She was also called Kore, which means \"maiden\" and grew up to be a lovely girl attracting the attention of many gods. However, Demeter had an obsessed love for her only daughter and kept all men away from her. [PAR] The most persisting suitor of Persephone was Hades, the god of the Underworld. He was a hard, middle-aged man, living in the dark, among the shadows of the Dead. But his heart softened when he saw Persephone and was amazed by his youth, beauty and freshness. When he asked Demeter to marry her daughter, Demeter got furious and said there wasn't the slightest chance for that to happen. Hades was heart-broken and decided to get Persephone no matter what. [PAR] One day, while the young girl was playing and picking flowers along with her friends in a valley, she beheld the most enchanting narcissus she had ever seen. As she stooped down to pick the flower, the earth beneath her feet suddenly cleaved open and through the gap Hades himself came out on his chariot with black horses. Hades grabbed the lovely maiden before she could scream for help and descended into his underworld kingdom while the gap in the earth closed after them. [PAR] Desperately looking for Persephone [PAR] The other girls had not seen anything because everything happened very quickly. They didn't have a clue for the sudden disappearance of Persephone. The whole incident, however, had been witnessed by Zeus, father of the maiden and brother of the abductor, as well as by Helios, god of the Sun. Zeus decided to keep silent about the whole thing to prevent a fight with his brother while Helios wisely thought it better not to get involved in anything that didn't concern him. [PAR] A distraught and heartbroken Demeter wandered the earth looking for her daughter until her good friend Hecate, goddess of wilderness and childbirth, advised her to seek for the help of Helios, the all-seeing Sun god, in order to find her daughter. Helios felt sorry for Demeter, who was crying and pleading him to help her. Thus she revealed her that Persephone had been kidnapped by Hades. When she heard that, Demeter got angry and wanted to take revenge but Helios suggested that it was not such a bad thing for Persephone to be the wife of Hades and queen of the dead. [PAR] Trying to find a solution [PAR] Demeter, however, could not let it gone. She was furious at this insult and deeply"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prince Edward Island | island, South Africa | Britannica.com Prince Edward Island | island, South Africa | Britannica.com [PAR] Prince Edward Island [PAR] Saint Paul Island [PAR] Prince Edward Island, one of the two Prince Edward Islands (the other being Marion Island ) in the southern Indian Ocean . The subantarctic island lies about 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeast of Cape Town and 12 miles (19 km) north-northeast of Marion Island and covers an area of 18 square miles (47 square km). Discovered in January 1772 by the French explorer Marion du Fresne, the island was given its present name by the British navigator James Cook , who explored the area in 1776. In the 19th and 20th centuries it was frequented by whaling ships and seal hunters. South Africa claimed the island in 1947, annexing it in 1948. Prince Edward Island is volcanic in origin. It has steep escarpments on its northwest and southwest coasts, rising to 2,370 feet (722 m) in the centre of the island. The climate is cool and stormy; dominant westerly winds bring heavy rain (on an average of 300 days a year) and snow. The mean annual temperature is 40\u00b0 F (4.4\u00b0 C); yearly rainfall averages 100 inches (2,500 mm). Plants include the Kerguelen cabbage, peculiar to that part of the world. The island is uninhabited except for occasional biological research teams. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emmerdale star Steve Halliwell - I want Zak and Lisa to ... Emmerdale star Steve Halliwell - I want Zak and Lisa to get back together - Spoilers! [PAR] Emmerdale star Steve Halliwell - I want Zak and Lisa to get back together [PAR] Is there going to be a Dingle reunion? [PAR] ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW [PAR] By David Brown [PAR] Tuesday 2 August 2016 at 8:13AM [PAR] Emmerdale stalwart Steve Halliwell as admitted that he wants to see his character Zak Dingle reunited with ex-wife Lisa. [PAR] \"It's because of the long tradition of the Dingles and the fact that Zak and Lisa were a symbol of loyalty and family values,\" says the actor. \"It's what the viewers would like. And it's what I would like too.\" [PAR] Next week's episodes of the ITV soap will see Zak's wedding day to Joanie arrive, but Halliwell says that he's still getting flak from fans about him having split from Lisa in the first place: [PAR] \"People do shout out at me, 'what are you doing, you naughty man? Get back with Lisa!' And I tell them that's in the hands of the writers. I don't know whether he will get back with her, but I think he could. Viewers say to me that Joanie's all right, but she's not Lisa.\" [PAR] And regular Emmerdale watches might just get the first sign of any reconciliation in an upcoming episode when Zak learns that Lisa isn't coping well with the idea of her ex marrying another woman. [PAR] \"Because Lisa\u2019s been quite kind about the wedding and has even wished them luck, Zak assumes she\u2019s dealing with it well. [PAR] \"And when he finds out that she\u2019s not, he feels he has to tell her that he\u2019ll always be there for her if she needs her.\" [PAR] So could this be a hint of a Zak and Lisa reunion? You'll have to watch all the drama on next week's Emmerdale to find out! [PAR] You can watch a 60-second rundown of next week's episodes of Emmerdale below [PAR] And visit our dedicated Emmerdale page for all the latest news, interviews and spoilers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Free Flashcards about Square Roots - StudyStack Free Flashcards about Square Roots [PAR] What is the Square Root of 1? [PAR] 1 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 4? [PAR] 2 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 9? [PAR] 3 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 16 [PAR] 4 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 25? [PAR] 5 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 36? [PAR] 6 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 49? [PAR] 7 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 64? [PAR] 8 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 81? [PAR] 9 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 100? [PAR] 10 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 121? [PAR] 11 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 144? [PAR] 12 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 169? [PAR] 13 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 196? [PAR] 14 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 225? [PAR] 15 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 256? [PAR] 16 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 289? [PAR] 17 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 324? [PAR] 18 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 361? [PAR] 19 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 400? [PAR] 20 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 625? [PAR] 25 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 2500? [PAR] 50 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 5625? [PAR] 75 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 10000? [PAR] 100 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 40000? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 90000? [PAR] 300 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 160000? [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 250000? [PAR] 500 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 360000? [PAR] 600 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 490000? [PAR] 700 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 640000? [PAR] 800 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 810000? [PAR] 900 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 1000000? [PAR] 1000 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 100000000? [PAR] 10000 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 10000000000? [PAR] 100000 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 1000000000000? [PAR] 1000000 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 25000000? [PAR] 5000 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 2500000000? [PAR] 50000 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 250000000000? [PAR] 500000 [PAR] What is the Square Root of 25000000000000? [PAR] 5000000"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Winter Olympics Bypass the Southern Hemisphere Why Winter Olympics Bypass the Southern Hemisphere [PAR] Why Winter Olympics Bypass the Southern Hemisphere [PAR] By Laura Poppick, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] February 5, 2014 04:54pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The Northern Hemisphere has considerably more landmass, and more people, than the Southern Hemisphere does. [PAR] Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC [PAR] Of the 22 Winter Olympics that have been held since 1924, none have been hosted in the Southern Hemisphere. Nearly the same is true of the Summer Olympics \u2014 only two games have been held down south, both in Australia (1956 and 2000), though the 2016 games are scheduled for Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro. [PAR] A number of factors play into the Northern Hemisphere's grip on the games, including various political and socio-economic reasons: Lots of financial resources go into planning and holding the games, and many of the world's wealthiest nations are located in the Northern Hemisphere. This year's Sochi Games are expected to cost Russia more than $50 billion \u2014 a bill that not many countries would be able or willing to foot. [PAR] But in the case of the Winter Olympics , geology and climate also play major roles in the northern monopoly. [ Images: World's Snow Cover Seen from Space ] [PAR] \"To have a Winter Olympics, you need a place with snow,\" Richard Seager, a geologist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in New York, told Live Science. \"In the Southern Hemisphere, that would pretty much limit you to the Andes.\" [PAR] That is, of course, excluding Antarctica , which receives plenty of snow, but has too extreme an environment to hold the Olympics. [PAR] Chart shows average high and low temperatures of Olympics sites since 1924. [PAR] Credit: by Ross Toro, Infographics Artist [PAR] The Northern Hemisphere has greater snow accumulation rates than the Southern Hemisphere because more landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere are located at high latitudes, and therefore receive less direct sunlight in the winter and become colder \u2014 and more snow-prone \u2014 than landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere. Land in the Southern Hemisphere is concentrated closer to the equator, where more direct sunlight increases heat and lowers the chances of snow accumulation. [PAR] Still, other Southern Hemisphere locations get a fair amount of snow, including parts of southern Australia and New Zealand. But Australian snowfall is not consistent enough for the games, and New Zealand is a small country that is relatively isolated and difficult to get to \u2014 though it could feasibly be a good candidate in the future, Seager said. [PAR] In addition to its high latitudes, land in the Northern Hemisphere is also simply more abundant than land in the Southern Hemisphere, which affects regional and global climate patterns in a way that can slightly favor snowfall in the north. [PAR] \"Northern Hemisphere winters do tend to be cold and snowy since the large landmasses \u2014 away from the moderating influences of the ocean \u2014 tend to get very cold,\" Seager said. Snowfall requires both cold air and moisture, Seager pointed out. \"The large ocean areas in the Southern Hemisphere prevent winter from getting too cold, except in Antarctica. Hence, the snow falls in high and cold places \u2014 the Andes and the New Zealand Alps \u2014 where there is also abundant moisture supply from the ocean.\" [PAR] Seager listed Chile and New Zealand as the two most feasible candidates to host the Winter Olympics in the future. [PAR] Follow Laura Poppick on Twitter . Follow us @livescience , Facebook & Google+"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many players are on a rugby team? | Reference.com How many players are on a rugby team? | Reference.com [PAR] How many players are on a rugby team? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In rugby, each team has 15 players on the field and seven substitutes. Rugby is closely related to soccer and American football. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In 1823, a school in Rugby, England created a modified version of football, the precursor to soccer and American football. In 1871, the Rugby Football Union was formed, and in 1886, the International Rugby Football Board established some rules for the sport. Rugby was recognized as a professional sport in 1995. [PAR] Rugby is similar to soccer and American football, as it is played on a grass field with a goal on each end. It begins with a kick-off, and the ball can be passed only laterally or backwards. The ball can be kicked, and tackling is permitted. Scoring is called a \"try\" and is executed much like a touchdown. Rugby sevens is another form of rugby in which each team has seven players."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] German for Beginners: Calendar, Days, Dates - Lesson 12 Learn About Months, Dates, Seasons, and Days in German [PAR] By Hyde Flippo [PAR] Updated August 01, 2016. [PAR] After studying this lesson, you'll be able to: (1) say the days and months in German, (2) express calendar dates, (3) talk about the seasons and (4) talk about dates and deadlines (Termine) in German. [PAR] Luckily, because they are based on Latin, the English and German words for the months are almost identical. The days in many cases are also similar because of a common Germanic heritage. Most of the days bear the names of Teutonic gods in both languages. For example, the Germanic god of war and thunder, Thor, lends his name to both English Thursday and German Donnerstag (thunder = Donner). [PAR] The German Days of the Week (Tage der Woche) [PAR] Let's start with the days of the week (Tage der Woche). Most of the days in German end in the word (der) Tag, just as the English days end in \"day.\" The German week (and calendar) starts with Monday (Montag) rather than Sunday. Each day is shown with its common two-letter abbreviation. [PAR] Tage der Woche [PAR] \"sun day\" [PAR] [PAR] The seven days of the week are masculine (der) since they usually end in -tag (der Tag). The two exceptions, Mittwoch and Sonnabend, are also masculine. Note that there are two words for Saturday. Samstag is used in most of Germany, in Austria, and in German Switzerland. Sonnabend (\"Sunday eve\") is used in eastern Germany and roughly north of the city of M\u00fcnster in northern Germany. So, in Hamburg, Rostock, Leipzig or Berlin, it's Sonnabend; in Cologne, Frankfurt, Munich or Vienna \"Saturday\" is Samstag. Both words for \"Saturday\" are understood all over the German-speaking world, but you should try to use the one most common in the region you're in. Note the two-letter abbreviation for each of the days (Mo, Di, Mi, etc.). These are used on calendars, schedules and German/Swiss watches that indicate the day and date. [PAR] Using Prepositional Phrases With Days of the Week [PAR] To say \"on Monday\" or \"on Friday\" you use the prepositional phrase am Montag or am Freitag. (The word am is actually a contraction of an and dem, the dative form of der. More about that below.) Here are some commonly used phrases for the days of the week: [PAR] Day Phrases [PAR] der [PAR] EXAMPLES: am Dienstag (on Tuesday, dative), jeden Tag (every day, accusative) [PAR] NOTE: The masculine (der) and neuter (das) make the same changes (look the same) in the dative case. Adjectives or numbers used in the dative will have an -en ending: am sechsten April. [PAR] Now we want to apply the information in the chart above. When we use the prepositions an (on) and in (in) with days, months or dates, they take the dative case. Days and months are masculine, so we end up with a combination of an or in plus dem, which equals am or im. To say \"in May\" or \"in November\" you use the prepositional phrase im Mai or im November. However, some date expressions that do not use prepositions (jeden Dienstag, letzten Mittwoch) are in the accusative case. [PAR] The Months (Die Monate) [PAR] The months are all masculine gender (der). There are two words used for July. Juli (YOO-LEE) is the standard form, but German-speakers often say Julei (YOO-LYE) to avoid confusion with Juni- in much the same way that zwo is used for zwei. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Four Seasons (Die vier"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jungle Book Essay - Critical Essays - eNotes.com The Jungle Book Essay - Critical Essays - eNotes.com [PAR] The Jungle Book Essay - Critical Essays [PAR] link Link [PAR] Rudyard Kipling wrote the Jungle Books in Vermont, where snow sometimes accumulated in drifts as high as the window sill. Usually classified as literature for children, the Jungle Books have many characteristics common to fiction written for children and young adults. The primary characters are children or animals, and the language, content, length of stories, and readability levels are suitable for young readers. All the stories show animals in an ordered existence, with a society, language, and law of their own. Humans often figure as authority and power figures, and within the animal world the larger and stronger animals dominate. [PAR] Kipling\u2019s work kept alive the magic and mystery that characterized the age of the British Empire. Critics estimate that Mowgli would have been born around 1860, and the stories take place from that time through the following seventeen years. The Jungle Books tell of a world full of grandiose events, deadly enemies, parents who are humans, and parent surrogates who are animals. Mowgli\u2019s world is filled with father figures: Kaa the python, Bagheera the panther, Baloo the bear, Father Wolf, and Hathi the elephant. Women are relegated to the background and play less heroic roles. [PAR] Mowgli\u2019s stories are by far the most popular tales of the Jungle Books. Mowgli reappears in the story \u201cIn the Rukh\u201d published in 1896 and included in some later editions of the Jungle Books. In this story, Mowgli is a grown man and marries the daughter of Abdul Gafur. In the Jungle Books, the stories of Mowgli\u2019s jungle adventures are complete: The first book begins with baby Mowgli being nursed by wolves, and the second ends with Mowgli leaving the jungle. \u201cIn the Rukh\u201d brings the Mowgli story full circle by showing Mowgli\u2019s son playing with wolves.[DOC] [TLE] Kaa - Disney Wiki - Wikia Kaa | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cIt's like you said... You can't trust anyone!\u201d [PAR] \u2015Kaa to Mowgli [PAR] Kaa is a sly and seductive character, speaking with a soft, often entrancing tone to either lure his victims into a weary, dreamlike state or manipulate them into bestowing their trust, thus allowing him to devour them unexpectedly. He furthers this by the use of his iconic ability to hypnotize his prey with his eyes, rendering them enchanted and under his command. A powerful and dangerous ability, Kaa is a feared member of the jungle, as evidenced by his interaction with the often composed and fearless Bagheera . Such fear, however, does not resonate with the unofficial ruler of the jungle, Shere Khan the tiger, who Kaa holds a disliking for, believing the act of killing for pleasure, as opposed to survival, to be dishonorable. The two beasts are often at odds, though Shere Khan views Kaa as an \"eyes and ears\" of the jungle, relying on him to assist his quest in finding Mowgli at one point in the film, though the manipulative Kaa was able to steer even Khan in the wrong direction, further showcasing his intelligence. [PAR] While not as cruel and bloodthirsty as Shere Khan, Kaa is still a fairly villainous character. His first attempt to devour Mowgli was a casual means to eat and survive, but over time, his goal to eat the man-cub was mainly driven out of spite, evidenced by his lines \"Just you wait 'till I get you in my coils!\" Furthermore, he is perfectly willing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is a score of 0 called 'Love' in tennis and other ... Why is a score of 0 called 'Love' in tennis and other racquet games? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Sports [PAR] Why is a score of 0 called \"Love\" in tennis and other racquet games? [PAR] Tennis, Badminton, Table tennis, Squash (not exhaustive list) all these games start at \"Love all\" and a player remains in love until he scores a point. [PAR] At the same time this type of scoring is mainly in racquet games. If Brazil wins Spain 3-0 its called \"Three nil\" and not \"Three Love\" [PAR] What is the association of Love with no score and racquet games. [PAR] Written Jun 23, 2013 [PAR] Great question. [PAR] The actual origin of the word \"love\" in racket sports is disputed. It was likely from French origin, and the most widely accepted theory is that it derives from the French word for an egg ( l'ouef ), because an egg looks like the number zero. This is similar to the origin of the term 'duck in cricket, as in a duck's egg, which implies that the batsman got out without scoring. [PAR] \"Love\" might also derive from l'heure \"the hour\" in French, or come from the Dutch expression iets voor lof doen, meaning to do something for praise, and not for monetary benefit. Another theory on the origins of the use of love comes from the acceptance that, at the start of a match, when the scores are still zero, the players still have \"love for each other.\" [PAR] Written Nov 30, 2015 [PAR] Many of the words used in Tennis today came from French Language. [PAR] The word Love (for zero score) comes from French word l'oeuf - which means egg which is the shape of zero. [PAR] The word Tennis itself originated from the French word tenez - which means to receive. [PAR] The word Deuce comes from French words \u00e0 deux le jeu - which means both players have the game, anyone can win. That is score is tied. [PAR] See these articles about history of tennis terminology - [PAR] Written Nov 19, 2015 [PAR] I've read that the reason \"love\" means \"zero\" in tennis is that it is a corruption of the French words \"l'oeuf,\" meaning \"the egg.\" Just as in other sports fans and commentators jocularly use metaphors for zero like \"wearing the collar,\" in tennis \"l'oeuf\" came to mean zero, and in English it sounded like love. [PAR] Written Jul 10, 2013 [PAR] Although the theory is often heard that it represents the French word l'oeuf an 'egg' (from the resembance between an egg and a nought) this seems unlikely. The term \"love\" is said to come from the English phrase \"neither for love nor for money\", indicating nothing. (Taken from the book entitled The Guinness Book of Tennis Facts & Feats and Fifteen Love). [PAR] Also, it can be traced to the 17th-century expression \"play for love,\" meaning 'to play without any wager, for nothing'. It is this meaning of 'nothing' that love takes on when used in tennis--and in certain card games, as well as in the occasional British football commentary . The proper way to describe a score of zero to zero is to say love-all. [PAR] Source(s): [PAR] Written Jul 3, 2013 [PAR] There are a couple theories, according to good ole Wikipedia ( Tennis score ) [PAR] The origin of the use of \"love\" for zero is also disputed. It is possible that it derives from the French expression for \"the egg\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 12 Months of the Year - Time and Date 12 Months of the Year [PAR] Calendar with holidays worldwide [PAR] Tracking the Moon's Orbit [PAR] The months of the year originated as a way to mark time and break up the seasons into shorter periods based on the Moon\u2019s orbit around the Earth. Months were invented and first used in Mesopotamia to measure the natural period related to the cycle of the moon. [PAR] Names of full moons [PAR] The addition of January and February moved the months September , October , November , and December to later in the year so they no longer correspond with the original meaning of their names. In the Roman calendar their original names in Latin mean the \u201cseventh\u201d, \u201ceighth\u201d, \u201cninth\u201d, and \u201ctenth\u201d month. [PAR] Is there a perfect calendar? [PAR] There are many calendars that use months to divide up the year. The Islamic calendar, the Hebrew calendar, and the Hindu calendar are a few examples. Although the Gregorian calendar is the most commonly used calendar today, other calendars are still used to calculate certain holidays and annual feasts to correspond with the Gregorian calendar. [PAR] Old Names of Months [PAR] Months in the ancient Roman calendar include: [PAR] Mercedonius - an occasional month after February that would be used to realign the Roman calendar. Today we use Leap Day for this alignment. [PAR] Quintilis - renamed July in honor of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. [PAR] Sextilis - renamed August in honor of Roman Emperor Augustus in 8 BCE. [PAR] How Many Have 28, 30, or 31 Days? [PAR] The Gregorian calendar has 4 months that are 30 days long and 7 months that are 31 days long. February is the only month that is 28 days long in common years and 29 days long in leap years. [PAR] The 12 Months of the Year [PAR] The Gregorian calendar and the Julian calendar both consist of the following twelve months:[DOC] [TLE] Which Months Have 31 Days - Happy Hooligans Trick to remember which months have 31 days - Happy Hooligans [PAR] Happy Hooligans [PAR] Which Months Have 31 Days \u2013 A Simple Way To Remember [PAR] Use your knuckles to figure out which months have 31 days! [PAR] I don\u2019t know about you, but as a kid I could never remember the rhyme that taught how many days there are in a month. You know the one: \u201c30 days has September\u201d\u2026 I was good with that part, but I couldn\u2019t remember what came next. Thankfully, at a young age, a school friend taught me this really easy trick to remember which months have 31 days. Oh, I do love a simple trick that simplifies life just a little bit. [PAR] Use the knuckle trick to remember which months have 31 days! [PAR] My younger son offered up his hand for these photos because, well\u2026 let\u2019s just say there\u2019s nothing quite like a close-up shot of your 40+ hand to make you realize you\u2019re not quite as young as you feel. If you don\u2019t believe me try it. Unless you\u2019re a hand model, or under 30, you might be in for a surprise. I was like \u201cWHAT? That\u2019s not MY hand! That\u2019s my MOTHER\u2019S hand!\u201d It wasn\u2019t pretty folks, so thank you, Andrew, for stepping up and filling in! [PAR] Ok, you\u2019re going to love this! Your kids are going to love this! Your friends are going to love this. It\u2019s so simple! [PAR] Ready? [PAR] Make a fist: [PAR] Your fist can either face toward you or away from you."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Flintstones (1994) - IMDb The Flintstones (1994) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In this live-action feature of the cartoon show, Fred Flintstone finally gets the job he's always wanted, but it may just come at a price. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 18 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 15 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 26 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Flintstones \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 6 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] In this live-action prequel to the 1994 comedy hit, the Flintstones and the Rubbles go on a trip to Rock Vegas, where Wilma is pursued by playboy Chip Rockefeller. [PAR] Director: Brian Levant [PAR] The Szalinski family is back, this time hilarious disaster strikes when an experiment causes their new toddler son to grow many stories tall. [PAR] Director: Randal Kleiser [PAR] A paranormal expert and his daughter bunk in an abandoned house populated by three mischievous ghosts and one friendly one. [PAR] Director: Brad Silberling [PAR] The misadventures of two modern-day Stone Age families, the Flintstones and the Rubbles. [PAR] Stars: Alan Reed, Mel Blanc, Jean Vander Pyl [PAR] A rich young boy finds his family targeted in an inside job and must use his cunning to save them. [PAR] Director: Donald Petrie [PAR] The scientist father of a teenage girl and boy accidentally shrinks his and two other neighborhood teens to the size of insects. Now the teens must fight diminutive dangers as the father searches for them. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] When his parents have to go out of town, Dennis stays with Mr. and Mrs. Wilson. The little menace is driving Mr. Wilson crazy, but Dennis is just trying to be helpful. Even to the thief who's arrived in town. [PAR] Director: Nick Castle [PAR] Wayne Szalinzki a wacky, absent-minded inventor, is back again but only this time he decides to use his infamous shrink machine just one more time. After when his wife Diane asks him to get... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Dean Cundey [PAR] A woman kidnaps puppies to kill them for their fur, but various animals then gang up against her and get their revenge in slapstick fashion. [PAR] Director: Stephen Herek [PAR] Alfalfa is wooing Darla and his \"He-Man-Woman-Hating\" friends attempt to sabotage the relationship. [PAR] Director: Penelope Spheeris [PAR] A man raised in the jungle by apes falls in love with a wealthy American heiress. [PAR] Director: Sam Weisman [PAR] A slobbering St. Bernard becomes the center of attention for a loving family, but must contend with a dog-napping veterinarian and his henchmen. [PAR] Director: Brian Levant [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The Flintstones and the Rubbles are modern stone-age families. Fred and Barney work at Slate and Company, mining rock. Fred gives Barney some money so he and Betty can adopt a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Langdon (Character) - Biography - IMDb Robert Langdon (Character) - Biography [PAR] biography [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. [PAR] Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. [PAR] Character Biography [PAR] History [PAR] Discuss [PAR] Robert Langdon (June 22, 1964 in Exeter, New Hampshire, United States) is a fictional professor of religious iconology and symbology at Harvard University who appeared in the Dan Brown novels Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), The Lost Symbol (2009), and Inferno (2013). [PAR] Tom Hanks portrayed Robert Langdon in the 2006 film adaptation of The Da Vinci Code, reprised the role in the 2009 film adaptation of Angels & Demons, and will play the role again in the 2016 film adaptation of Inferno. [PAR] Little background detail is given by Brown about Robert Langdon. In The Da Vinci Code, he is described as looking like \"Harrison Ford in Harris tweed\". He was a diver at Phillips Exeter in prep school and played water polo collegiately as well. He suffers from claustrophobia, the fear of enclosed spaces. In the film adaptation of The Da Vinci Code, Professor Langdon has nearly an eidetic memory and phenomenal problem-solving talents. [PAR] Robert Langdon was named after John Langdon, a professor of typography at Drexel University who is known for his creation of ambigrams, typographical designs that can be read in multiple ways; for example, both right side up and upside down. An example of Langdons ambigrams appeared on the cover of the first edition of Browns novel Angels & Demons. On the acknowledgments page, Brown calls Langdon one of the most ingenious and gifted artists alive who rose brilliantly to my impossible challenge and created the ambigrams for this novel. John Langdon also created the logo for the Depository Bank of Zurich, which appears in The Da Vinci Code film. [PAR] Angels and Demons: [PAR] Robert Langdon is called to CERN headquarters in Switzerland to find out about the religious symbological implications of the death of CERN's finest and most well known scientist, Leonardo Vetra. When he starts to investigate the murder, his obsession for the subject history comes into play. Langdon is later joined in the investigation by Vittoria Vetra (Leonardo's daughter) and they start their journey to the Vatican to unlock the mystery behind the Illuminati, an anti-Christian secret society which, according to the plot, has deeply infiltrated many global institutions, political, economical and religious. Langdon and Vetra solve the mystery of the Illuminati by following the Path of Illumination and in so doing to explain the disappearances of four Cardinals during a papal conclave, the murder of Leonardo Vetra, and the theft of antimatter (a weapon that can be used for mass destruction). At the end of the novel Langdon ends up having a relationship with Vittoria Vetra. This relationship, however, is only mentioned briefly in the Da Vinci Code, mentioning the fact that Langdon had recently felt as though he was drifting apart from Vittoria. In the last few sentences of Angels and Demons, Vittoria Vetra asks him if he has ever had a divine experience. When he replies in the negative, Vittoria strips and quips, \"You've never been to bed with a yoga master, have you?\" Their relationship, however, is only referred to in The Da Vinci Code, mentioning the fact that Langdon had last seen Vittoria a year previously. [PAR] The Da Vinci Code: [PAR] Langdon is in Paris to give a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ombrophobia \u2013 Symptoms and Causes of Ombrophobia \u2013 Treatment Ombrophobia \u2013 Symptoms and Causes of Ombrophobia \u2013 Treatment [PAR] Share your stories and support others... [PAR] Ombrophobia [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Most of us are familiar with the idea of a \u201crainy day.\u201d Rain is usually seen as a threat to our entertainment, forcing us to stay indoors and away from the inclement weather. However, some people may have even more of an issue with the idea of a rainy day. Ombrophobia is an abnormal fear of rain that may cause a person to experience symptoms very similar to severe anxiety attacks . [PAR] Symptoms of Ombrophobia [PAR] Symptoms that are commonly associated with an immense fear of the rain usually run parallel to most panic attacks or anxiety disorders . When placed in a stressful situation, presented with rain or images of rain, a sufferer may experience one or more of the following: [PAR] Inability to think or speak clearly [PAR] Trembling or muscle tension [PAR] Causes of Ombrophobia [PAR] There are several reasons why a person may develop an irrational fear or rain. Ombrophobia is commonly associated with a fear with either disease or sickness. These people may have been told, at a young age, that going outside into the rain would make them sick. Later in life, this fear can manifest itself and turn into a complete phobia. Another common cause for ombrophobia is the feeling of depression most people associate with a cloudy day or a gray sky. In this case, the person usually fears the effects of depression and worry that rain will slowly deteriorate their mental balance. [PAR] Ombrophobia can also be onset by a traumatic event experienced during their lifetime. In this case, the sight or idea of rain will trigger the repressed traumatic event and cause the person to relive the moment. Unfortunately, this phobia will likely worsen over time if it is not properly treated by either professional or self-help methods . If you allow ombrophobia to manifest itself, the fear may slowly become more intense and other severe symptoms, such as depression, may begin to appear. [PAR] Treatment of Ombrophobia [PAR] Professional methods may include exposure therapy, group therapy or the solution may be as simple as learning new breathing techniques to better manage your stress when presented with rain. The most important part of choosing a treatment method is finding one that you will be able to stick with and can easily adapt to your lifestyle. If you are tired of living with an irrational fear of rain and are looking for a way to overcome your ombrophobia, it may be time to start researching different treatment options available to you. [PAR] View Resources[DOC] [TLE] Do you fear any of these weather phobias? - weloveweather.tv Do You Have Any of These Weather Phobias? - weloveweather.tv [PAR] Do You Have Any of These Weather Phobias? [PAR] Do You Have Any of These Weather Phobias? [PAR] August 2, 2016 [PAR] Icon_eMail [PAR] Icon_Share [PAR] A phobia is an extreme or irrational fear of something. The well-known phobias deal with confined spaces, spiders, public speaking, heights, and so on. But did you know there are phobias associated with the weather? Here are 10 of the most common weather phobias: [PAR] 1. Heliophobia: fear of the sun [PAR] 2. Ancraophobia: fear of wind [PAR] 3. Nephophobia: fear of clouds [PAR] 4. Cymophobia: fear of waves [PAR] 5. Homichlophobia: fear of fog [PAR] 6. Astraphobia: fear of thunder and lightning [PAR] 7. Ombrophobia: fear of rain [PAR] 8. Lilapsophobia: fear of tornadoes and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daley Thompson | British athlete | Britannica.com Daley Thompson | British athlete | Britannica.com [PAR] British athlete [PAR] Alternative Title: Francis Morgan Thompson [PAR] Daley Thompson [PAR] Daley Thompson, byname of Francis Morgan Thompson (born July 30, 1958, London , England ), British decathlete who became only the second competitor in history to win the decathlon at two Olympic Games , capturing gold medals in 1980 and 1984. [PAR] Daley Thompson executing his long jump en route to successfully defending his Olympic decathlon \u2026 [PAR] Tony Duffy\u2014Allsport/Getty Images [PAR] The son of a Nigerian father and a Scottish mother, Thompson made his debut in the decathlon at age 16, winning a competition in Cwmbr\u00e2n , Wales . Thompson\u2019s score of 6,685 points was a British junior record, and in that same year, 1975, he qualified for the British Olympic team. At the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Thompson finished 18th; in 1978 he finished second at the European championships. He would not lose another decathlon for nine years. [PAR] In 1980, after setting a world record in May with 8,622 points, Thompson dominated the competition at the Olympics in Moscow to win the first of his gold medals. Particularly strong in the shorter distance runs and jumping events, Thompson twice set world records in 1982 and placed first in the 1983 world championships. At the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles , Thompson successfully defended his title, equaling the achievement of the American Bob Mathias , who won Olympic decathlon gold medals in 1948 and 1952. Although Thompson\u2019s total of 8,797 points fell one point short of the world record, when the scoring tables for the decathlon were adjusted in 1985, his Olympic point total was changed to 8,847, and he was awarded the world record. [PAR] Thompson, who attracted publicity for his colourful personality, was hindered by injuries at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea , and finished fourth. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Daley Thompson | Athlete Profile at Sports Pundit Daley Thompson | Athlete Profile at Sports Pundit [PAR] England [PAR] Francis Morgan Oyod\u00e9l\u00e9 Thompson was born of 30 July 1958 in Worcester, London. He is more commonly known Daley. [PAR] Daley Thompson is an Olympic gold medalist for decathlon. He had showed extraordinary skills for sports while he was still at a boarding school in Sussex. He was originally a member of the Haywards Health Harriers but later joined the Essex Beagles Club when he returned from London in 1975. Later that same year, he won the first two decathlon competitions he entered. He is, in fact, considered the greatest decathlete the world ever saw. He has earned 2 Olympic gold medals (1980, 1984). [PAR] Commonwealth Games\u2022 1978 (Edmonton); decathlon \u2013 gold\u2022 1982 (Brisbane); decathlon \u2013 gold\u2022 1986 (Edinburgh); decathlon \u2013 gold\u2022 1986 (Edinburgh); 4 x 100m \u2013 silverEuropean Championships\u2022 1978 (Prague); decathlon \u2013 silver\u2022 1982 (Athens); decathlon \u2013 gold\u2022 1986 (Stuttgart); decathlon \u2013 goldWorld Championships\u2022 1983 (Helsinki); decathlon \u2013 goldOlympic Games\u2022 1980 (Moscow); decathlon \u2013 gold\u2022 1984 (Los Angeles); decathlon \u2013 gold [PAR] Thompson was the second son of his Nigerian father and Scottish mother. His name was actually used for three officially licensed home computer games by Ocean Software in 1980\u2019s namely: Daley Thompson\u2019s Decathlon, Daley Thompson\u2019s Supertest, and Daley Thompson\u2019s Olympic Challenge. [PAR] Thompson retired from athletics in 1992 in which he had several different football clubs as well appeared as a television presenter. He also worked as a fitness trainer and motivational speaker. He also appeared at corporate events. In the 1980\u2019s, he became a popular endorser for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Brix? Winemaking Secrets | Wine Folly What is Brix? Winemaking Secrets | Wine Folly [PAR] What is Brix? Winemaking Secrets [PAR] Articles , Intermediate , Winemaking [PAR] If you\u2019ve ever traveled to wine country or glanced at a wine bottle tech sheet then you\u2019ve probably come across the words \u201cBrix\u201d with a number after it, such as 19.5, 23 or sometimes up to 26. [PAR] Brix measures must levels (sugar) in wine grapes that ultimately determines how much alcohol a wine will have. Learn the secrets to what Brix tells you on a wine stat sheet. [PAR] What is Brix? [PAR] Brix (\u00b0Bx) is a way to measure the potential alcohol content of a wine before it\u2019s made by determining the sugar level in grapes. Each gram of sugar that\u2019s fermented will turn into about a 1/2 gram of alcohol. Of course, different winemaking techniques will affect the final alcohol content, which is why Brix is interesting to us inquisitive wine explorers. [PAR] Brix Measures Alcohol Potential [PAR] Brix correlates to the potential alcohol content of a dry wine. If everything ferments perfectly at the winery, the Brix-to-alcohol chart looks like this: [PAR] Alcohol content is determined with an alcohol conversion factor of 0.59 and rounded to the nearest tenth. It\u2019s common to see conversions from 0.55 \u2013 0.65 depending on grape type, yeast strain, data collection error, etc. [PAR] The Secrets Brix Can Tell You About a Wine [PAR] If a Wine Has Lower Alcohol Than the Brix Scale Suggests [PAR] WINE WAS \u2018WATERED BACK\u2019: If the wine is dry and has less alcohol than the Brix scale suggests then the wine was most likely \u2018watered back\u2019 during vinification . \u2018Watering back\u2019 simply means some of the sweet grape juice is drained off and replaced with plain water. The leftover pink-tinted grape juice is used to create a ros\u00e9 wine called Saign\u00e9e . This technique is commonly practiced in warm climate regions where grapes become very sweet by the time they\u2019re ready to be picked. [PAR] WINE IS SWEET: Another possibility is that the wine is sweet! For example, German law requires that all Sp\u00e4tlese Riesling wines have a minimum Brix level 20, but many of the wines only have 7.5% alcohol by volume (ABV). In this example, you could assume that the wine would have about 75 g/L of leftover grape sugar, called residual sugar (RS). By the way, 75 grams per liter RS is equal to about 3 teaspoons of sugar per 5 ounce (150 ml) serving. [PAR] If a Wine Has Higher Alcohol Than the Brix Scale Suggests [PAR] WINE WAS CHAPTALIZED: If the wine has higher alcohol than the Brix scale, then it\u2019s possible that the winemaker added sugar or concentrated grape must to the fermentation to get the wine to have a higher alcohol level. This technique is called Chaptalization and it\u2019s commonly practiced in cooler climate countries such as France where it\u2019s very hard to ripen grapes properly. [PAR] For example, before 2011, Bourgogne Blanc (a.k.a. French Chardonnay) allowed a minimum must weight 153 g/L which would only make a wine with 8.5% ABV. Oddly enough, the minimum alcohol level was 10.5% ABV. Fortunately, France increased the minimum must weight to 170 g/L. Just so you know, French wine has some of the most rigid regulations in the world, so it\u2019s nice to see that they adjusted the rules to ensure quality. Thank you France, that was nice of you. [PAR] How Brix is Measured [PAR] IN THE VINEYARD: Brix levels are collected in vineyards right before the harvest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Painted Desert | desert, Arizona, United States Painted Desert | desert, Arizona, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] Painted Desert [PAR] Atacama Desert [PAR] Painted Desert, section of the high plateau in north-central and northeast-central Arizona , U.S. The Painted Desert extends from the Grand Canyon in a southeasterly direction along the north side of the Little Colorado River to Holbrook. It is approximately 150 miles (240 km) long and 15 to 50 miles (25 to 80 km) wide and covers an area of some 7,500 square miles (19,400 square km). [PAR] Painted Desert, north-central Arizona. [PAR] Jon Sullivan [PAR] The name was first used in 1858 by a government explorer, Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives, to describe the area\u2019s brilliantly coloured shales, marls, and sandstones, which are banded with vivid red, yellow, blue, white, and lavender. At times the air glows with a pink mist or purple haze of desert dust. Elevations range from about 4,500 to 6,500 feet (1,370 to 1,980 metres). The rolling surface is broken by isolated buttes and is bounded on the north by vermilion cliffs, rising to broad, flat-topped mesas. Marks of volcanic activity are abundant and widely scattered. The region is barren and arid, with 5 to 9 inches (127 to 229 mm) of annual precipitation and yearly temperature extremes of \u221225 to 105 \u00b0F (\u221231 to 41 \u00b0C). [PAR] Painted Desert, Arizona, U.S. [PAR] David Muench/EB Inc. [PAR] Part of the southeastern section of the desert is within the northern portion of Petrified Forest National Park . Notable there is the Black Forest Bed, one of four remarkable areas of petrified trees of Triassic age (i.e., dating from about 252 million to 201 million years ago). The rocks in that formation are some 213 million years old. Navajo and Hopi reservations occupy a large part of the Painted Desert, and the Navajo use the variegated brightly coloured sands for their famous ceremonial sand paintings . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] North American Deserts - DesertUSA North American Deserts - DesertUSA [PAR] North America Deserts and World Deserts [PAR] Hot Deserts - Cold Deserts [PAR] In most modern classifications, the deserts of the United States and northern Mexico are grouped into four distinct categories. These distinctions are made on the basis of floristic composition and distribution -- the species of plants growing in a particular desert region. Plant communities, in turn, are determined by the geologic history of a region, the soil and mineral conditions, the elevation and the patterns of precipitation. [PAR] Three of these deserts -- the Chihuahuan, the Sonoran and the Mojave -- are called \"hot deserts,\" because of their high temperatures during the long summer and because the evolutionary affinities of their plant life are largely with the subtropical plant communities to the south. The Great Basin Desert is called a \"cold desert\" because it is generally cooler and its dominant plant life is not subtropical in origin. [PAR] Chihuahuan Desert : A small area of southeastern New Mexico and extreme western Texas, extending south into a vast area of Mexico. [PAR] Great Basin Desert : The northern three-quarters of Nevada, western and southern Utah, to the southern third of Idaho and the southeastern corner of Oregon. According to some, it also includes small portions of western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming. Bordered on the south by the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. [PAR] Mojave Desert : A portion of southern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah and of eastern California, north of the Sonoran Desert. [PAR] Sonoran Desert : An arid region covering approximately 100,000 square miles in southwestern"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belief in the Prophets - The Religion of Islam Belief in the Prophets - The Religion of Islam [PAR] The Six Pillars of Faith and Other Islamic Beliefs [PAR] Belief in the Prophets [PAR] [PAR] Font size: [PAR] Description: The purpose and role of the Prophets, the nature of the message that they brought to humanity, and the emphasis that they were mere humans with no divine attributes. [PAR] Category: [PAR] Published on 16 Jan 2006 [PAR] Last modified on 04 Jan 2015 [PAR] Printed: 1048 [PAR] Viewed: 85302 (daily average: 21) [PAR] Rating: 4.1 out of 5 [PAR] Rated by: 34 [PAR] Best [PAR] Rate it [PAR] Belief in certain prophets who God chose to relay His message to humans is a required article of Islamic faith. [PAR] \"The Prophet (Muhammad) believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers.\ufffd Each one believes in God, His Angels, His Books, and His prophets.\ufffd (They say,) \ufffdWe make no distinction between one another of His prophets...\ufffd\" (Quran 2:285) [PAR] God conveys His message and relates His will through human prophets.\ufffd They form a link between the earthly beings and the heavens, in the sense that God has picked them to deliver His message to human beings.\ufffd There are no other channels to receive divine communications.\ufffd It is the system of communication between the Creator and the created.\ufffd God does not send angels to every single individual, nor does He open the skies so people can climb up to receive the message.\ufffd His way of communication is through human prophets who receive the message through angels. [PAR] To have faith in the prophets (or messengers) is to firmly believe that God chose morally upright men to bear His message and pass it to humanity.\ufffd Blessed were those who followed them, and wretched were those who refused to obey.\ufffd They faithfully delivered the message, without hiding, altering, or corrupting it.\ufffd Rejecting a prophet is rejecting the One who sent him, and disobeying a prophet is disobeying the One who commanded to obey him. [PAR] God sent to every nation a prophet, mostly from amongst them, to call them to worship God alone and to shun false gods. [PAR] \"And ask (O Muhammad) those of Our prophets whom We sent before you: \ufffdDid We ever appoint gods to be worshipped besides the Most Merciful (God)?\ufffd\" (Quran 43:45) [PAR] Muslims believe in those prophets mentioned by name in Islamic sources, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, David, Solomon, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, to name a few.\ufffd A general belief is held in those not mentioned by name, as God says: [PAR] \"And, indeed We have sent prophets before you (O Muhammad), of some of them We have related to you their story, and of some We have not related to you their story...\" (Quran 40:78) [PAR] Muslims firmly believe the final prophet was the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, and there will be no prophet or messenger after him. [PAR] To appreciate this fact, one must understand that the teachings of the last prophet are preserved in original language in their primary sources.\ufffd There is no need for another prophet.\ufffd In the case of earlier prophets, their scriptures were lost or their message was corrupted to the point that truth was hardly distinguishable from falsehood.\ufffd The message of the Prophet Muhammad is clear and preserved and will remain so till the end of time. [PAR] The Purpose for Sending Prophets [PAR] We can identify the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Solar System Overview - The Nine Planets An Overview of the Solar System, it's alignment and pictures [PAR] The inner solar system contains the Sun , Mercury , Venus , Earth and Mars : [PAR] The main asteroid belt (not shown) lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The planets of the outer solar system are Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune ( Pluto is now classified as a dwarf planet): [PAR] The first thing to notice is that the solar system is mostly empty space. The planets are very small compared to the space between them. Even the dots on the diagrams above are too big to be in proper scale with respect to the sizes of the orbits. [PAR] The orbits of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus, though all except Mercury are very nearly circular. The orbits of the planets are all more or less in the same plane (called the ecliptic and defined by the plane of the Earth's orbit) . The ecliptic is inclined only 7 degrees from the plane of the Sun's equator. The above diagrams show the relative sizes of the orbits of the eight planets (plus Pluto) from a perspective somewhat above the ecliptic (hence their non-circular appearance). They all orbit in the same direction (counter-clockwise looking down from above the Sun's north pole); all but Venus, Uranus and Pluto also rotate in that same sense. [PAR] (The above diagrams show correct positions for October 1996 as generated by the excellent planetarium program Starry Night ; there are also many other similar programs available, some free. You can also use Emerald Chronometer on your iPhone or Emerald Observatory on your iPad to find the current positions.) [PAR] Sizes [PAR] The above composite shows the eight planets and Pluto with approximately correct relative sizes (see another similar composite and a comparison of the terrestrial planets or Appendix 2 for more). [PAR] One way to help visualize the relative sizes in the solar system is to imagine a model in which everything is reduced in size by a factor of a billion. Then the model Earth would be about 1.3 cm in diameter (the size of a grape). The Moon would be about 30 cm (about a foot) from the Earth. The Sun would be 1.5 meters in diameter (about the height of a man) and 150 meters (about a city block) from the Earth. Jupiter would be 15 cm in diameter (the size of a large grapefruit) and 5 blocks away from the Sun. Saturn (the size of an orange) would be 10 blocks away; Uranus and Neptune (lemons) 20 and 30 blocks away. A human on this scale would be the size of an atom but the nearest star would be over 40000 km away. [PAR] Not shown in the above illustrations are the numerous smaller bodies that inhabit the solar system: the satellites of the planets; the large number of asteroids (small rocky bodies) orbiting the Sun, mostly between Mars and Jupiter but also elsewhere; the comets (small icy bodies) which come and go from the inner parts of the solar system in highly elongated orbits and at random orientations to the ecliptic; and the many small icy bodies beyond Neptune in the Kuiper Belt . With a few exceptions, the planetary satellites orbit in the same sense as the planets and approximately in the plane of the ecliptic but this is not generally true for comets and asteroids. The classification of these objects is a matter of minor controversy. Traditionally, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BREAKING: Henry Cavill Lands Superman; Macho British Actor ... BREAKING: Henry Cavill Lands Superman; Macho British Actor To Play American Icon; Past Contender For Batman & James Bond | Deadline [PAR] BREAKING: Henry Cavill Lands Superman; Macho British Actor To Play American Icon; Past Contender For Batman & James Bond [PAR] McG [PAR] EXCLUSIVE: Warner Bros and Legendary Pictures have found their new Man of Steel. [PAR] Deadline had been hearing for the past weeks that British actor Henry Cavill was the frontrunner for the much coveted Clark Kent/Superman role in this much anticipated reboot. But as of last week, Warner Bros film chief Jeff Robinov hadn\u2019t seen Cavill\u2019s or the other screentests and made his decision in recent days. Repped by CAA, Cavill, known for his portrayal of Charles Brandon on Showtime\u2019s The Tudors, just wrapped production on The Cold Light of Day and stars in the upcoming Immortals opening this fall. Directed by Tarsem Singh, Caville in Immortals plays the he-man Greek warrior Theseus who battles mythological gods including Poseidon, Zeus, Minotaur, and Herecles. Given that set up, Warner Bros clearly has chosen a more macho leading man for Superman than the previous Brandon Routh or even Christopher Reeve. \u201cHe\u2019s got an amazing quality. He doesn\u2019t look too much like Reeve and Routh but he\u2019s big and strong and he has a very modern feel to him,\u201d a Warner Bros exec just told us. \u201cWe\u2019re really going to try and make Superman as contemporary as possible.\u201d And just like it did with Christian Bale in the Batman reboot, the studio has gone with a British actor. [PAR] In fact, Cavill also auditioned for the Batman role but lost out to Bale in 2005. He also was a contender for James Bond but was deemed too young and lost out to Daniel Craig. Clearly, Cavill is a franchise waiting to happen. He also has a past with Superman. Before Bryan Singer came on to direct Superman Returns and cast Brandon Routh, Cavill had been one of the frontrunner choices for directers Brett Ratner and McG when they were going to helm the picture. That Superman was younger, and this time, the intention was to cast an actor near 30. Cavill, who will be 28 this year, was born in the Channel Islands and his film credits include The Count Of Monte Cristo. [PAR] The new film from Warner Bros and Legendary Pictures is being produced by Christopher Nolan ( It\u2019s A Bird! It\u2019s A Plane! It\u2019s Chris Nolan! He\u2019ll Mentor Superman 3.0 ) and directed by Zack Snyder, who made this statement: \u201cIn the pantheon of superheroes, Superman is the most recognized and revered character of all time, and I am honored to be a part of his return to the big screen. I also join Warner Bros., Legendary and the producers in saying how excited we are about the casting of Henry. He is the perfect choice to don the cape and S shield.\u201d Warner Bros, Nolan, and Snyder cast a \u201cwide net\u201d to find the next Man of Steel. Last November, insiders told Deadline that the studio was open to creating a star as it rebooted the Superman franchise: specifically, that the actor would either be a discovery or on TV but likely someone who isn\u2019t well known yet. And he\u2019d be in the age range of 28-to-32. The studio considered hundreds of young actors before making a decision just like Sony Pictures did before choosing Andrew Garfield. There was buzz on actors like Armie Hammer, the strapping 6\u20195\u2033 actor from The Social Network who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Everything you need to know: Full Harvest Moon in 2015 ... 2016's close and large Harvest Moon | Astronomy Essentials | EarthSky [PAR] EarthSky\u2019s 2017 lunar calendars are almost here! [PAR] Harvest Moon sunset and moonrise \u2013 September 19, 2013 \u2013 as seen by EarthSky Facebook friend Andy Somers in Noumea, New Caledonia. One of the characteristics of the Harvest Moon is that it rises around the time of sunset for several evenings in a row. Thank you, Andy. [PAR] What is a Harvest Moon? In skylore, the Harvest Moon is the full moon closest to the autumn equinox. Depending on the year, the Harvest Moon can come anywhere from two weeks before to two weeks after the autumn equinox. [PAR] Harvest Moon is just a name. But this full moon has special characteristics, related to the time of moonrise. Nature is particularly cooperative in giving us full-looking moons near the horizon after sunset, for several evenings in a row, around the time of the Harvest Moon. [PAR] Here\u2019s what happens. On average, the moon rises about 50 minutes later each day. But when a full moon happens close to the autumn equinox, the moon (at mid-temperate latitudes) rises only about 30 to 35 minutes later daily for several days before and after the full Harvest moon. It happens because the ecliptic \u2013 or the moon\u2019s orbital path \u2013 makes a narrow angle with the evening horizon near the autumn equinox. [PAR] The difference between 50 minutes and 35 minutes may not seem like much. But it means that, in the nights after the full Harvest Moon, at northerly latitudes, you\u2019ll see the moon ascending in the east relatively soon after sunset. The moon will rise during or near twilight on these nights \u2026 making it seem as if there are several full moons \u2013 for a few nights in a row \u2013 around the time of the Harvest Moon. [PAR] In autumn, the angle of the ecliptic \u2013 or sun and moon\u2019s path \u2013 makes a narrow angle with the horizon. Image via classicalastronomy.com. [PAR] The narrow angle of the ecliptic means the moon rises noticeably farther north on the horizon, from one night to the next. So there is no long period of darkness between sunset and moonrise. Image via classicalastronomy.com. [PAR] Amy Simpson-Wynne in Virginia posted this beautiful twilight photo of the Harvest Moon in 2013. Thank you, Amy! Best photos of past Harvest Moons . [PAR] Is the Harvest Moon bigger, or brighter or more colorful? Not necessarily. It\u2019s different every year. But the 2016 Harvest moon does count as a bigger-than-average full moon. [PAR] That\u2019s because this full moon is near perigee, the closest point to Earth in its monthly orbit. This full moon comes on September 16 at 1905 UTC; translate to your time zone . Perigee comes on September 18 around 1700 UTC . [PAR] So it\u2019s not the biggest possible moon on our sky\u2019s dome, but it\u2019s slightly bigger than usual. [PAR] Still, in any year, you might think the Harvest Moon looks bigger or brighter or more orange. That\u2019s because the Harvest Moon has such a powerful mystique. Many people look for it shortly after sunset around the time of full moon. After sunset around any full moon, the moon will always be near the horizon. It\u2019ll just have risen. It\u2019s the location of the moon near the horizon that causes the Harvest Moon \u2013 or any full moon \u2013 to look big and orange in color. [PAR] The orange color of a moon near the horizon is a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FA Cup final 2009: Everton dared to dream of beating Chelsea FA Cup final 2009: Everton dared to dream of beating Chelsea - Telegraph [PAR] Chelsea [PAR] FA Cup final 2009: Everton dared to dream of beating Chelsea [PAR] For 20 minutes most of England dreamed. They dreamed that there was still magic in the FA Cup, they dreamed that the workers could overthrow the plutocrats. [PAR] Not their day: the Everton fans were hoping of an upset after Louis Saha scored after 25 seconds Photo: PA [PAR] By Mark Reason [PAR] 11:27PM BST 30 May 2009 [PAR] They dreamed that there was still a point to the world's oldest cup competition. Then Didier Drogba appeared like the dark lord in the middle of Everton's mortal defence and put an end to such fanciful nonsense. [PAR] When Louis Saha had scored the fastest goal in FA Cup history after just 25 seconds it was like the hope diamond. [PAR] The Everton fans surged up. All the way to Wembley they had sung their songs in vocal defiance of Chelsea's pitifully muted support. But now they really believed. They believed it was possible to beat a richer and better team. [PAR] The Everton players ran around like wild men. When has Saha ever worked this hard. Steven Pienaar was heroic and Marouane Fellaini was giving Chelsea no end of bother. [PAR] Then little by little, Everton started to come apart at the seam. It was the right hand seam of the team and it was starting to fray. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Terry denies Makelele claims [PAR] 29 May 2009 [PAR] You wouldn't wish it on anyone but Tony Hibbert, the Everton right back, was freezing in the sunshine. Slow to see the problem Phil Neville was not covering far enough across from his central position and Leon Osman was not working hard enough to get back. It proved Everton's downfall. [PAR] Once again Chelsea found room down their left and Florent Malouda, the game's outstanding player, curled in a cross that Drogba headed in. That was it. Everton's manager David Moyes tried to plug the gap at half-time. He pulled Hibbert off, told Osman to sit deeper and moved Neville further across, filling in for his captain with Fellaini. [PAR] Futile. It was like building the Thames barrier out of Lego. Even the switch contributed, in a mocking way, to Chelsea's winning goal. When Frank Lampard turned on the edge of the box Neville would have been there in the first half. [PAR] But having to scramble across from his wider position, he was wrong footed and Lampard does what he does best. Shoot. The sight of Roman Abramovich smiling like the white witch will have done little to soften the misery of the Everton fans as Chelsea crushed their team and powered on to deserved victory. [PAR] But at what cost to football. There was a posse of Everton fans heading towards the stadium before the start wearing blue T-shirts with the script: \"Rage like lions after slumber, in unvanquishable number, shake your chains to earth like dew, which in sleep had fallen on you, ye are many, they are few.\" [PAR] It's not often you walk down Wembley Way and get an eyeful of Percy Bysshe Shelley, but you could see where the northern lads were coming from. There was hardly a Chelsea fan in sight in the hours leading up to the kick-off. [PAR] They were probably all still in the boozers off the King's Road. The Chelsea fans were the few. There seemed a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From Hell (2001) - IMDb From Hell (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 18 January 2017 5:37 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In Victorian Era London, a troubled clairvoyant police detective investigates the murders by Jack The Ripper. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] Albert Hughes (as The Hughes Brothers), Allen Hughes (as The Hughes Brothers) [PAR] Writers: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 25 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 26 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 11 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 images [PAR] created 28 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 28 Mar 2015 [PAR] Search for \" From Hell \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A rare book dealer, while seeking out the last two copies of a demon text, gets drawn into a conspiracy with supernatural overtones. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] A writer is accused of plagiarism by a strange man, who then starts haunting him for \"justice.\" [PAR] Director: David Koepp [PAR] Ichabod Crane is sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigate the decapitations of 3 people with the culprit being the legendary apparition, the Headless Horseman. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] The infamous story of Benjamin Barker, AKA Sweeney Todd, who sets up a barber shop down in London which is the basis for a sinister partnership with his fellow tenant, Mrs. Lovett. Based on the hit Broadway musical. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Hitman \"El Mariachi\" becomes involved in international espionage involving a psychotic CIA agent and a corrupt Mexican general. [PAR] Director: Robert Rodriguez [PAR] The story of George Jung, the man who established the American cocaine market in the 1970s. [PAR] Director: Ted Demme [PAR] A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A psychiatrist must cure a young patient that presents himself as Don Juan, the greatest lover in the world. [PAR] Director: Jeremy Leven [PAR] A woman and her daughter open a chocolate shop in a small French village that shakes up the rigid morality of the community. [PAR] Director: Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m [PAR] An unimpressive, every-day man is forced into a situation where he is told to kill a politician to save his kidnapped daughter. [PAR] Director: John Badham [PAR] After an explosion in space and subsequent two-minute radio-out period, two astronauts return home to their wives. Slightly it's revealed that they're not the same as they were. [PAR] Director: Rand Ravich [PAR] The Feds try to take down notorious American gangsters John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson and Pretty Boy Floyd during a booming crime wave in the 1930s. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] It is 1888 in London, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Southern California Species | Cabrillo Marine Aquarium Southern California Species | Cabrillo Marine Aquarium [PAR] Grunion [PAR] Leuresthes tenuis [PAR] Spend a night sitting on Southern California's sandy shore waiting for the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdgrunion run.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd While it may sound like some kind of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsnipe hunt,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a grunion run is a unique experience. From March through August, the small grunion wash themselves up on the beach 3-4 nights after the new and full moon. [PAR] [PAR] Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) is a member of the Silversides family of fish, which include the topsmelt and jacksmelt. Grunion range from San Francisco to Baja and are mostly found south of Point Conception. The unique thing about the grunion is not that its common name comes from a Spanish word that refers to a grunting sound they are supposed to make when spawning. The curious fact is that 1-3 hours after the high tide, female grunion and their male suitors wash up on the shore en masse while the females wriggle tail first into the sand laying some 1-3,000 eggs while the males encircle them depositing milt along her body fertilizing the eggs below the sand surface. In this protected pod the eggs develop for some ten days when the next high tide agitates and hatches the baby grunion out. They will mature in one year or at 5\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and will complete the cycle. Grunion live for 3-4 years and females may spawn 4-8 times per season. [PAR] Grunion may be eaten by many kinds of fish including halibut and croakers; and probing shorebirds, sand worms, beetles and beach hoppers eat their eggs. Humans may only capture grunion with their bare hands (except during closed season-April and May) and grunion hunters over 16 must have a fishing license. Native Chumash and Tongva peoples feasted on grunion runs but the most curious question that is not fully answered is how do the grunion know when it is time to do the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdgrunion dance?\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Is it the pull of the tides? The glow of the moon? Or something more subtle? Regardless of what draws you to the shore, this fish behavior is truly a Southern California phenomenon and a longstanding part of the Aquarium's programs history. Come join us as we celebrate this seaside ritual! [PAR] - Steve Vogel, Former Education Curator [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rum Punch by Elmore Leonard - The Quentin Tarantino Archives Rum Punch by Elmore Leonard - The Quentin Tarantino Archives [PAR] The Quentin Tarantino Archives [PAR] Rum Punch by Elmore Leonard [PAR] From The Quentin Tarantino Archives [PAR] Rum Punch is a novel written by Elmore Leonard . This novel was adapted for Tarantino's fourth film, Jackie Brown . [PAR] Key differences between Jackie Brown and Rum Punch [PAR] Jackie's character was known as Jackie Burke in the novel, but Jackie Brown in the film. [PAR] Jackie was originally white, not black, as is the case with the film. [PAR] Various characters underwent minor changes in the adaptation. For example, Melanie (portrayed in the film by the slim Bridget Fonda was originally not as thin and was described as having unnaturally large breasts. (See below). [PAR] As is the case with most adaptations, key events in the novel were overlooked. This includes a Ordell stealing guns with Louis Gara from a neo-Nazi's house. [PAR] In the novel, Louis originally worked for Max Cherry . [PAR] The film moves the setting from Florida to Los Angeles and Ordell's money from Jamaica to Mexico. [PAR] Tarantino's screenplay versus Leonard's novel [PAR] Jackie Brown / Jackie Burke [PAR] Leonard: ...her neat rear end in the tan skirt...she surely didn't look forty-four, at least not from here... [PAR] Tarantino: Jackie Brown is a very attractive black woman in her mid forties, though she looks like she's in her mid thirties. [PAR] Ordell Robbie [PAR] Leonard: ...a light-skinned black guy...Ordell ran his hand carefully over his hair, feeling the hard set, ran it back to his pigtail braid and curled it between his fingers... [PAR] Tarantino: Ordell likes wearing clothes nice and likes wearing nice clothes. [PAR] ...appeared much like the novel, though Tarantino droppped the \"light-skinned black guy\" part of the character. [PAR] Louis Gara [PAR] Leonard: ...dark-skinned white guy... [PAR] Tarantino: ...who looks like he does his shopping at the Salvation Army...white, also in his mid-forties... [PAR] Max Cherry [PAR] Leonard: ...appeared neat and clean-shaved, had his blue shirt open, no tie, good size shoulders on him. That dark, tough-looking type of guy like Louis, dark hair, only Max Cherry was losing his on top... [PAR] Tarantino: ..a regular-Joe-type white guy in his fifties... [PAR] Melanie [PAR] Leonard: The fine big girl had in thirteen years become bigger, show tits grown to circus tits but still okay, tan... [PAR] Tarantino: ...thirty-three, is a tanned, blonde, California beach bunny...[DOC] [TLE] Jackie Brown (film) - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia Jackie Brown (film) - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [PAR] I am Smart, Intelligent and Hard Working who Loves to help :) [PAR] Jackie Brown (film) [PAR] Release date December 25, 1997 (1997-12-25) [PAR] Based on Rum Punch by Elmore Leonard [PAR] Writer Quentin Tarantino (written for the screen by), Elmore Leonard (novel) [PAR] Featured songs Baby Love, Grazing in the Grass [PAR] Cast Pam Grier (Jackie Brown), Samuel L. Jackson (Ordell Robbie), Robert Forster (Max Cherry), Bridget Fonda (Melanie Ralston), Michael Keaton (Ray Nicolette), Robert De Niro (Louis Gara) [PAR] Similar movies Blackhat, Anything for Her, Salt, Untraceable, Let's Be Cops, I Spit on Your Grave III: Vengeance is Mine [PAR] Tagline Six players on the trail of a half a million in Cash. There's only one question... Who's playing who? [PAR] Jackie brown official trailer 1 1997 hd [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] When flight attendant Jackie Brown (Pam Grier) is busted smuggling money for her arms dealer boss, Ordell Robbie (Samuel L. Jackson), agent Ray Nicolette (Michael Keaton) and detective Mark"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cancer Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs - Article by Astrology.com Cancer Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs - Article by Astrology.com [PAR] Cancer Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs [PAR] BY ASTROLOGY.COM NOVEMBER 20, 2009 03:39 PM EST [PAR] Share [PAR] Share [PAR] Share [PAR] Cancer, the fourth sign of the zodiac, is all about home. Those born under this sign are 'roots' kinds of people, and take great pleasure in the comforts of home and family. Cancers are maternal, domestic and love to nurture others. More than likely, their family will be large, too -- the more, the merrier! Cancers will certainly be merry if their home life is serene and harmonious. Traditions are upheld with great zest in a Cancer's household, since these folks prize family history and love communal activities. They also tend to be patriotic, waving the flag whenever possible. A Cancer's good memory is the basis for stories told around the dinner table, and don't be surprised if these folks get emotional about things. Those born under this sign wear their heart on their sleeve, which is just fine by them. [PAR] The mascot of Cancer is the Crab, and much like this shelled little critter, Cancers are quick to retreat into their shells if it suits their mood. No wonder these folks are called crabby! For Cancer, it's not that big of a deal, though, since they consider this 'shell' a second home (and they do love home). The flip side of this hiding is that shell-bound Crabs are often quite moody. Further, in keeping with their difficulty in sharing their innermost feelings, it can become a Herculean task to pry a Crab out of its secret hiding place. What to do? Give the Crab time -- eventually these folks will come out to play again. When they do, they'll be the first to say so, in keeping with the Cardinal Quality attached to this sign. It's said that Crabs are first to laugh and first to cry, so you can bet they'll fill you in. That shell, by the way, isn't the only tough thing about Crabs. These folks are tenacious and strong-willed and like to get their way. If their well-documented kindness and gentleness doesn't do the trick, however, they're not above using emotional manipulation to make things happen. If that still doesn't work, they'll just go back to their shell and sulk, or find a way to get back at the source of their pain, since Crabs can be rather vindictive. That said, any self-respecting Crab would tell you that they are ultimately motivated by protecting their home and loved ones, a most noble goal. [PAR] Cancers are ruled by the Moon -- the Great Mother of the heavens in ancient times. Here on Earth, this is manifested in the Crab's maternal instincts and desire to protect home and hearth. This may appear smothering at times, but that's the Crab for you. The Moon is associated with fertility, too, a quality that is most pleasing to Cancers. The Moon is also the ruler of moods, and Cancers have plenty of those. These folks can cry you a river if they're so inclined, and they usually are. They can be overly sensitive, easily hurt and prone to brooding. Even so, Crabs find it easy to be sympathetic to others and are quick to show their affection. Their intuition is also a great help to them, especially in times of stress. [PAR] The element associated with Cancer is Water. Like the rolling waves of the sea, the Crab's emotions can make quite a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sclera Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps Sclera Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Sclera [PAR] The sclera is the part of the eye commonly known as the \u201cwhite.\u201d It forms the supporting wall of the eyeball, and is continuous with the clear cornea. [PAR] The sclera is covered by the conjunctiva, a clear mucus membrane that helps lubricate the eye. It is thickest in the area surrounding the optic nerve. The sclera is made up of three divisions: the episclera, loose connective tissue, immediately beneath the conjunctiva; sclera proper, the dense white tissue that gives the area its color; and the lamina fusca, the innermost zone made up of elastic fibers. [PAR] There are a number of abnormalities associated with the sclera. Some are genetic and include: [PAR] Melanosis: excess deposits of melanin (pigment) on the surface of the sclera, which can become inflamed and uncomfortable [PAR] Scleral Coloboma: missing tissue that results in notching and bulging of the sclera (lesions) [PAR] Ectasia: a thinning and bulging of the sclera [PAR] There are now state-of-the-art contact lenses that are fitted to treat those with scleral ectasia. [PAR] Acquired abnormalities of the sclera include: [PAR] Ectasia that can be brought on as a side effect of traumas or inflammations [PAR] Episcleritis: a hypersensitivity reaction which can be anterior or posterior, is characterized by engorged blood vessels, and can also affect the cornea[DOC] [TLE] Sclera - Sclera - IMAIOS Sclera [PAR] \u2039 \u203a [PAR] Description [PAR] The sclera (from the Greek skleros, meaning hard), also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. [PAR] The sclera has received its name from its extreme density and hardness; it is a firm, unyielding membrane, serving to maintain the form of the bulb. [PAR] It is much thicker behind than in front; the thickness of its posterior part is 1 mm. [PAR] Its external surface is of white color, and is in contact with the inner surface of the fascia of the bulb; it is quite smooth, except at the points where the Recti and Obliqui are inserted into it; its anterior part is covered by the conjunctival membrane. [PAR] Its inner surface is brown in color and marked by grooves, in which the ciliary nerves and vessels are lodged; it is separated from the outer surface of the choroid by an extensive lymph space (spatium perichorioideale) which is traversed by an exceedingly fine cellular tissue, the lamina suprachorioidea. [PAR] Behind it is pierced by the optic nerve, and is continuous through the fibrous sheath of this nerve with the dura mater. [PAR] Where the optic nerve passes through the sclera, the latter forms a thin cribriform lamina, the lamina cribrosa scler\u00e6; the minute orifices in this lamina serve for the transmission of the nervous filaments, and the fibrous septa dividing them from one another are continuous with the membranous processes which separate the bundles of nerve fibers. One of these openings, larger than the rest, occupies the center of the lamina; it transmits the central artery and vein of the retina. [PAR] Around the entrance of the optic nerve are numerous small apertures for the transmission of the ciliary vessels and nerves, and about midway between this entrance and the sclerocorneal junction are four or five large"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] My Football Facts & Stats | Premier League | Norwich City ... My Football Facts & Stats | Premier League | Norwich City Player of the Year [PAR] Search My Football Facts & Stats [PAR] Norwich City FC Player of the Year 1967 - 2014 [PAR] Web site designed & hosted by Paul Yarden \u00a9 2014 at Homestead\u2122 [PAR] Norwich City FC Player of the Year 1967 - 2014 [PAR] This is a table of the Norwich City Player of the Year awards from 1967 to 2014. The award is called the [PAR] Barry Butler Memorial Trophy, after the club captain who was killed in a car accident on 9th April 1966."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] $13m lawsuit proves Red Bull doesn't give you wings ... $13m lawsuit proves Red Bull doesn't give you wings - Telegraph [PAR] USA [PAR] $13m lawsuit proves Red Bull doesn't give you wings [PAR] Caffeinated drinks giant Red Bull GmbH sued for falsely claiming their product \"gives you wings\" and agrees to pay out $10 to every person who bought the drink since 2002 [PAR] Red Bull sponsors sporting events around the globe, including the Cliff Diving World Series Photo: Romina Amato/Red Bull Content Pool [PAR] Follow [PAR] It is hard to imagine that anyone who saw Red Bull's advertising slogan would actually believe the caffeinated soft drink \"gives you wings\", but in litigation-hungry America the claim has been officially falsified. [PAR] Benjamin Careathers, a regular consumer of the fizzy drink, sued the company for false advertising, arguing that after 10 years drinking Red Bull he neither had wings nor any enhanced athletic or intellectual performance. [PAR] According to the complainant, the Austria-based firm deliberately misled unsuspecting customers to spend millions of pounds on the premium drink in the hope of gaining an edge on their competitors. [PAR] And fearful of a costly and time-consuming trial, Red Bull was forced to settle the case out of court, pledging to refund $10 to any US customer who bought the drink since 2002 and agreeing to amend future advertising. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] What it takes to be a Red Bull Air Race pilot [PAR] 13 Aug 2014 [PAR] Drinks giant Red Bull GmbH must pay $13m to settle the suit, $6.5m of which will go into a fund that will be paid out to an estimated 1.4 million consumers, who can apply for the refund through a specially created website. [PAR] \u201cRed Bull settled the lawsuit to avoid the cost and distraction of litigation,\u201d a spokesman said. \u201cHowever, Red Bull maintains its marketing and labeling have always been truthful and accurate, and denies any and all wrongdoing or liability.\u201d [PAR] But the class-action lawsuit, which began in January 2013, cited evidence in The New York Times, Nutrition Reviews and the European Food Safety Authority Journal that indicated energy drinks provide their boost through caffeine alone, not guarana or any other ingredient. [PAR] As a result, Mr Careathers argued, Red Bull\u2019s performance-enhancing properties could only be tested by the quantity of caffeine in each can, which worked out more expensive that a cup of coffee from Starbucks. [PAR] The 2000 advert that launched the company's eponymous \"gives you wings\" slogan [PAR] \u201cSuch deceptive conduct and practices mean that [Red Bull\u2019s] advertising and marketing is not just \u2018puffery,\u2019 but is instead deceptive and fraudulent and is therefore actionable,\u201d the suit said. [PAR] \u201cEven though there is a lack of genuine scientific support for a claim that Red Bull branded energy drinks provide any more benefit to a consumer than a cup of coffee, the Red Bull defendants persistently and pervasively market their product as a superior source of \u2018energy\u2019 worthy of a premium price over a cup of coffee or other sources of caffeine.\u201d [PAR] The company\u2019 pledge to refund $10 - or $15 worth of Red Bull products - to each drinker since 2002 has sparked an overwhelming reaction around the world, temporarily crashing the energydrinksettlement.com website. [PAR] It has since been confirmed that the amount refunded to individuals could be much lower than originally estimated, as more and more consumers apply for compensation from a finite pool of settlement money.[DOC] [TLE] Red Bull gives you wings? Super-sized can of energy drink ... Red Bull gives you wings? Super-sized can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wiki: Atlantic Ocean - upcScavenger Wiki: Atlantic Ocean - upcScavenger [PAR] upcScavenger [PAR] upcScavenger \u00bb Oceans \u00bb Wiki: Atlantic Ocean [PAR] Tag [PAR] (20) Media [PAR] The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's with a total area of about . [PAR] It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \" Old World \" from the \" New World \". [PAR] The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected World Ocean , it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean , to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica ). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean at about 8\u00b0N. [PAR] Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition, the German Meteor expedition, Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office. [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The oldest known mention of \"Atlantic\" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: \u1f08\u03c4\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1; English: Sea of Atlas) where the name refers to \"the sea beyond the pillars of Heracles\" which is said to be part of the ocean that surrounds all land. [PAR] Thus, on one hand, the name refers to Atlas, the Titan of Greek mythology , who supported the heavens and who later appeared as a frontispiece in Medieval maps and also lend his name to modern atlases. [PAR] On the other hand, to early Greek sailors and in Ancient Greek mythological literature such as the Iliad and the Odyssey , this all-encompassing ocean was instead known as Oceanus , the gigantic river that encircled the world; in contrast to the enclosed seas well-known to the Greeks: the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. [PAR] In contrast, the term \"Atlantic\" originally referred specifically to the Atlas Mountains in Morocco and the sea off the Strait of Gibraltar and the North African coast. [PAR] The Greek word thalassa has been reused by scientists for the huge Panthalassa ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea hundreds of million years ago. [PAR] The term \" Aethiopian Ocean \", derived from Aethiopia , was applied to the Southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century. [PAR] Nicknames [PAR] In modern history , some refer to the ocean in a humorously diminutive way as \"the Pond\", describing both the geographical and cultural divide between North America and Europe, in particular between the English-speaking nations of both continents. Many Irish or British people refer to the United States and Canada as \"across the pond\", and vice versa. [PAR] Example: BBC Click \u2013 Episode 4 April 2009 [PAR] The \"Black Atlantic\" refers to the role of this ocean in shaping black people's history, especially through the Atlantic slave trade. Irish migration to the US is meant when the term \"The Green Atlantic\" is used. The term \"Red Atlantic\" has been used in reference to the Marxian concept of an Atlantic working class, as well as to the Atlantic experience of indigenous Americans. [PAR] Extent and data [PAR] The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defined the limits of the oceans and seas in 1953, [PAR] but some of these definitions have been revised since then and some are not used by various authorities, institutions, and countries, see for example the CIA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Stories - Arthur Conan Doyle ... Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Stories - Arthur Conan Doyle - Google Books [PAR] Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Stories [PAR] 6 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/Sherlock_Holmes.html?id=Fq1uKmT02aMC [PAR] It is more than a century since the ascetic, gaunt and enigmatic detective, Sherlock Holmes, made his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet. From 1891, beginning with The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, the now legendary and pioneering Strand Magazine began serialising Arthur Conan Doyle's matchless tales of detection, featuring the incomparable sleuth patiently assisted by his doggedly loyal and lovably pedantic friend and companion, Dr Watson. [PAR] The stories are illustrated by the remarkable Sydney Paget from whom our images of Sherlock Holmes and his world derive and who first equipped Holmes with his famous deerstalker hat. The literary cult of Sherlock Holmes shows no sign of fading with time as each new generation comes to love and revere the penetrating mind and ruthless logic which were the undoing of so many Victorian master criminals. [PAR] [PAR] What people are saying - Write a review [PAR] User ratings [PAR] Awesomee book of arthur sir....salute you....illatration was also awesome. [PAR] i like the book... [PAR] THE FIRST STORIES Introducing Sherlock Holmes i887 i890i [PAR] 9 [PAR] The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes 18911892i [PAR] 115 [PAR] HI A Case of Identity [PAR] 147 [PAR] The Stapletons of Merripit House [PAR] 484 [PAR] Vffl First Report of Dr Watson [PAR] 491 [PAR] Second Report of Dr Watson [PAR] 497 [PAR] Extract from the Diary of Dr Watson [PAR] 508 [PAR] The Man on the Tor [PAR] 514 [PAR] The Man With the Twisted Lip [PAR] 186 [PAR] The Adventure of the Speckled Band [PAR] 214 [PAR] The Adventure of the Engineers Thumb [PAR] 230 [PAR] The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor [PAR] 243 [PAR] The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet [PAR] 257 [PAR] The Adventure of the Copper Beeches [PAR] 272 [PAR] The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes i892i893i [PAR] 289 [PAR] The Adventure of Silver Blaze [PAR] 291 [PAR] The Adventure of the Cardboard Box [PAR] 307 [PAR] The Adventure of the Yellow Face [PAR] 320 [PAR] The Adventure of the Stockbrokers Clerk [PAR] 331 [PAR] The Adventure of the Gloria Scott [PAR] 342 [PAR] The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual [PAR] 354 [PAR] The Adventure of the Reigate Squire [PAR] 365 [PAR] The Adventure of the Crooked Man [PAR] 377 [PAR] The Adventure of the Resident Patient [PAR] 388 [PAR] The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter [PAR] 399 [PAR] The Adventure of the Naval Treaty [PAR] 411 [PAR] The Adventure of the Final Problem [PAR] 435 [PAR] The Hound of the Baskervilles 190ii902i [PAR] 447 [PAR] The Curse of the Baskervilles [PAR] 452 [PAR] The Adventure of the Black Peter [PAR] 631 [PAR] The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton [PAR] 645 [PAR] The Adventure of the Six Napoleons [PAR] 657 [PAR] The Adventure of the Abbey Grange [PAR] 711 [PAR] The Adventure of the Second Stain [PAR] 727 [PAR] The Adventure of the BrucePartington Plans [PAR] 765 [PAR] The Adventure of the Devils Foot [PAR] 783 [PAR] The Adventure of the Red Circle [PAR] 799 [PAR] The Adventure of the Dying Detective [PAR] 827 [PAR] The People of the Drama [PAR] 867 [PAR] The War Service of Sherlock Holmes [PAR] 957 [PAR] The CaseBook of Sherlock Holmes [PAR] 967 [PAR] The Problem of Thor Bridge [PAR] 991 [PAR] HI The Adventure of the Creeping Man [PAR] 1000 [PAR] The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire i0i5 [PAR] 1016 [PAR] Less [PAR] Common terms and phrases [PAR] All"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Sodium Bicarbonate? - Structure, Formula & Uses ... What is Sodium Bicarbonate? - Structure, Formula & Uses - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] What is Sodium Bicarbonate? - Structure, Formula & Uses [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: What Does Chemical Mean in Science? [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:00 What Is Sodium Bicarbonate? [PAR] 0:50 Uses - At Home [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. [PAR] Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. [PAR] Personalize: [PAR] Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. [PAR] Organize: [PAR] Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. [PAR] Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. [PAR] Teacher Edition: [PAR] Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the \"Teacher\" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your \"Teacher\" tab. [PAR] Premium Edition: [PAR] You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. [PAR] Create an account to start this course today [PAR] Try it free for 5 days! [PAR] Lesson Transcript [PAR] Instructor: Nissa Garcia [PAR] Nissa has a masters degree in chemistry and has taught high school science and college level chemistry. [PAR] Have you experienced heartburn? Do you like cooking and baking? Have you encountered stubborn stains? If you answered yes to any of these, then sodium bicarbonate is your friend. In this lesson, we will discuss sodium bicarbonate and its many uses. [PAR] What Is Sodium Bicarbonate? [PAR] Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a staple in the kitchen. It is a must-have ingredient if you love baking cookies and other sweets. It is also very useful in deodorizing your shoes and your refrigerator. You will find this very useful and affordable ingredient in the baking aisle of the grocery store as baking soda. Its chemical formula is NaHCO3. Its formula consists of one sodium (Na) atom, one hydrogen (H) atom,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Millbank Prison - Millbank, London, UK - UK Historical ... Millbank Prison - Millbank, London, UK - UK Historical Markers on Waymarking.com [PAR] you are not logged in. [log in] [PAR] Millbank Prison - Millbank, London, UK - UK Historical Markers on Waymarking.com [PAR] Welcome to Waymarking.com! [PAR] We hope you've been able to find what you are looking for. We would also like to encourage you to take some time to browse some of the other aspects of our site. We recommend viewing our featured waymarks , or perhaps the newest waymarks . You can also create a free membership to track your progress online and share your locations with others. Click here to view the complete waymark directory [PAR] N 51\u00b0 29.371 W 000\u00b0 07.644 [PAR] 30U E 699422 N 5708176 [PAR] Quick Description: This bollard, on the sout east side of Millbank at Riverside Gardens, marks all that remains of Millbank Prison that was active from 1816 to 1890 and was used in the transportation of prisoners to Australia. [PAR] Location: London, United Kingdom [PAR] Date Posted: 2/5/2015 2:18:30 AM [PAR] Waymark Code: WMNB72 [PAR] The plaque, attached to the bollard, tells us: [PAR] London County Council [PAR] Near this site stood Millbank prison which was opened in 1818 and [PAR] closed in 1890. This buttress stood at the head of the river steps [PAR] from which until 1867 prisoners sentenced to transportation [PAR] embarked on their journey to Australia. [PAR] The Open Buildings website tells us about Millbank Prison: [PAR] Millbank Prison was a prison in Millbank, Pimlico, London that was used largely as a holding facility for people convicted of a crime who were being transported to Australia, a practice that ended in 1868. It was opened in 1816, designed according to principles laid down by the philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, and closed in 1890. In the prison's early years, sentences of five to ten years were offered as an alternative to transportation to those thought most likely to reform. Later, it ceased to have a penitentiary function and became a holding centre for those awaiting transportation, or in the case of sick prisoners, removal to one of the \" hulks,\" ships sitting offshore that were used to house prisoners. Every person sentenced to transportation was sent to Millbank first, where they were held for three months before it was decided where to send them. Around 4,000 people convicted of crimes were being transported annually from the UK as of 1850. Prisoners awaiting transportation were kept in solitary confinement and restricted to silence for the first half of their sentence. The National Gallery of British Art was built on the prison site in 1897, now called the Tate. A single buttress remains by the river with the inscription, \"Near this site stood Millbank Prison which was opened in 1816 and closed in 1890. This buttress stood at the head of the river steps from which, until 1867, prisoners sentenced to transportation embarked on their journey to Australia.\" [PAR] Design and population [PAR] It was designed by William Williams in 1812 in accordance with the utilitarian principles laid down by Jeremy Bentham. The Williams design was subsequently adapted by Thomas Hardwick who began the construction in the same year. Hardwick resigned soon after and John Harvey took up the role. He was dismissed in 1815 and Robert Smirke took over and completed the project in 1821, at a cost of \u00e2\u201a\u00a4500,000. The first prisoners, all women, were admitted on 26 June 1816, the first men arriving in January 1817. By the end of 1817, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles\u2019 Many Drummers | Blogcritics The Beatles\u2019 Many Drummers | Blogcritics [PAR] Home / Music / The Beatles\u2019 Many Drummers [PAR] The Beatles\u2019 Many Drummers [PAR] Posted by: Johnny Rhythm August 8, 2012 in Music 8 Comments [PAR] Please Share... [PAR] 0 [PAR] 0 [PAR] Ringo Starr was undoubtedly the backbone of The Beatles, the biggest band in rock history. His heavy-hitting style and sublime subtlety blended together perfectly to enhance the group\u2019s early dynamic. [PAR] A less talented drummer may have failed to rally the group during important early sessions, while a more technically gifted drummer may have swamped their emerging style and sound. Finding Starr was never easy however and the group were plagued as a wandering collection of guitarists with no permanent drummer during their early days. \u201cThe rhythm is in the guitars\u201d Lennon would allegedly quip when asked about their lack of a drummer. [PAR] Even after they found Starr, he was replaced on Beatles recordings by a further four individuals on five occasions and once on a major tour. [PAR] On the approaching half-century anniversary of Ringo Starr replacing Pete Best as The Beatles\u2019 drummer on August 18, 1962, we look at the various individuals who have occupied the drum stool during The Beatles\u2019 (and its earlier formative line-ups) career. [PAR] Colin Hanton [PAR] The original drummer with Lennon\u2019s group The Quarry Men, Hanton must hold the distinction of being the first drummer to back John, Paul and George on stage and in the recording studio. [PAR] Two years older than Lennon, Hanton had already left school and was serving an apprenticeship when he joined the group. His main asset was that he was in possession of a brand new drum kit. His tenure as the group\u2019s drummer witnessed the departure of several floating Quarry Men members and the arrival of the future Beatles core of Paul McCartney and George Harrison alongside the already present John Lennon. Hanton was playing with the group the day McCartney saw them perform at Woolton Village fete and he also played drums on the group\u2019s first studio recording featuring Buddy Holly\u2019s \u201cThat\u2019ll Be the Day\u201d and the very first original Beatles recording; \u201cIn Spite of All the Danger\u201d. [PAR] In a sign of things to come, the arrival of McCartney was not exactly met with joy by all group members, particularly Hanton, whose drumming skills were allegedly called into question by the group\u2019s latest arrival on guitar. Hanton quit the group after a drunken performance in early 1959, apparently never seeing John, Paul or George again. In 1997, he joined the reformed Quarry Men. The inclusion of \u201cIn Spite of All the Danger\u201d on Anthology 1 in 1995 guaranteed that Hanton was eventually featured playing drums on a Beatles album. [PAR] With Hanton\u2019s departure in January 1959, The Quarry Men/Johnny and the Moondogs entered the most inactive period of their musical career, playing only a handful of gigs between then and May 1960. However, after acquiring bassist Stuart Sutcliffe early in 1960, the group was ready to shed their skiffle skin and get serious as a rock and roll band by May of 1960. Hamburg: T-minus three months. [PAR] Tommy Moore [PAR] Tommy Moore was recruited into The Silver Beetles by their booking agent/manager Alan Williams in May 1960. All reports indicate that Moore was a solid and capable drummer who owned his own kit and who suitably impressed Paul McCartney with his abilities to reproduce the tricky drumming on the Everly Brothers\u2019 hit, \u201cCathy\u2019s Clown\u201d. Moore\u2019s age at the time has been questioned with some"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables | Phobia Source Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables | Phobia Source [PAR] Home \u00bb Phobia List [PAR] Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables [PAR] Lachanophobia is the irrational and persistent fear of vegetables. A phobic person might have been forced to eat vegetables as a child even if he did not like the taste and was maybe even punished for not eating his or her vegetables. Some might have observed vegetables growing in the garden and saw that some of the leaves had caterpillars or worms on them and maybe even insects and they fear that if they eat vegetables, they might accidentally eat one of these creepy, crawly creatures. [PAR] For others, they might be scared that if they accidentally swallow a seed of the vegetable that it will grow inside them. [PAR] Phobic individuals often stay away from places where vegetables are present, meaning that they may not go to restaurants or groceries. [PAR] Sometimes it also extends to the point that they might avoid foods with vegetables like pizzas with tomatoes. Symptoms of Lachanophobia include shortness of breath, tremors, weeping, screaming, fainting, increased heart rate, increased body temperature, loss of control and urge to flee. [PAR] Overcoming this fear depends on the individual\u2019s understanding about the fear and his or her response. It often requires a therapist and it is important to know the root cause of the fear. A therapist can be instrumental upon the educating the individual and get a desired response."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NIMROD - Great Dreams NIMROD [PAR] NIMROD [PAR] compiled by Dee Finney [PAR] [PAR] 3-3-09 - VISIONS - I saw a man holding a letter addressed to Airman Nimrod Shellas_______, giving him instructions. The letter was quite lengthy on the page. [PAR] VISION 2: I saw a closeup of Nimrod's face. He had thick blonde hair and blue eyes with bangs over his forehead. He raised his hand to brush his bangs upward, and I saw a thick blonde braid right in the center that was cut short so it wouldn't stick out from under the bangs which hid it. [PAR] The first thing I thought was 'unicorn', and then I remembered that when I was young, I had a very prominent 'widow's peak in that same spot and I was blonde and blue-eyed as well as a child. [PAR] NIMROD'S BRAID [PAR] Braiding usually consists of the interweaving of at least three strands of material into an overlapping pattern. Braiding can usually be done with a number of different materials such as hair, string, yarn and rope and will often serve to increase the strength and aesthetic value of the interwoven materials. [PAR] [PAR] by Brannon M. Wheeler - 2002 - Religion - 391 pages [PAR] It is also mentioned that the two braids were like horns on his head. [PAR] [PAR] MOSES WITH A HORN OF HAIR [PAR] [PAR] of Julius II. San Pietro [PAR] in Vincoli, Rome.Italy [PAR] ... The believers were Solomon, David, and Alexander. The disbelievers were Nimrod and Nebuchadnezzar. ... [PAR] books.google.com/books?isbn=0826449573... [PAR] In the Pagan religion of Mithraism, Saturn was another name of Nimrod or Tammuz as The hidden god.\" [PAR] [PAR] Tiberian [PAR] \u05e0\u05b4\u05de\u05b0\u05e8\u05b9\u05d3 ; Nimr\u014d\u1e0f Persian : \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062f ) is a Mesopotamian monarch mentioned in the Book of Genesis , who also figures in many legends and folktales. He is depicted in the Bible as a mighty ruler and nation builder who founded many cities including the great Babel or Babylon . [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBiblical Data: [PAR] Son of Cush and grandson of Ham; his name has become proverbial as that of a mighty hunter. His \"kingdom\" comprised Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Sinar, otherwise known as the land of Nimrod (Gen. x. 8-10; I Chron. i. 10; Micah v. 5 [A. V. 6]). [PAR] E. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIn Rabbinical Literature: [PAR] Nimrod is the prototype of a rebellious people, his name being interpreted as \"he who made all the people rebellious against God\" (Pes. 94b; comp. Targ. of pseudo-Jonathan and Targ. Yer. to Gen. x. 9). He is identified with Cush and with Amraphel, the name of the latter being interpreted as \"he whose words are dark\" ( [PAR] ; Gen. R. xlii. 5; for other explanations see below). As he was the first hunter he was consequently the first who introduced the eating of meat by man. He was also the first to make war on other peoples (Midr. Agadah to Gen. x. 9). [PAR] Nimrod was not wicked in his outh. On the contrary, when a young man he used to sacrifice to [PAR] Yhwh [PAR] the animals which he caught while hunting (\"Sefer ha-Yashar,\" section \"Noa,\" pp. 9a et seq., Leghorn, 1870). His great success in hunting (comp. Gen. x. 9) was due to the fact that he wore the coats of skin which God made for Adam and Eve (Gen. iii. 21). These coats were handed down from father to son, and thus came into the possession of Noah, who took them with him into the ark, whence they were stolen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Do Dandelions Have Fibrous Roots? | Home Guides | SF Gate Do Dandelions Have Fibrous Roots? | Home Guides | SF Gate [PAR] Do Dandelions Have Fibrous Roots? [PAR] Do Dandelions Have Fibrous Roots? [PAR] Deep-rooted dandelions thrive in even unfavorable conditions. [PAR] Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) are plagued with a bad reputation. Dandelions are perennials that grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 10. This persistent weed, considered undesirable by many, has numerous useful attributes including the deep root system. Learning to live with dandelions may be more beneficial than struggling to get rid of them. [PAR] Root Types [PAR] Fibrous roots have a fine texture and grow just beneath the soil surface branching off in many directions. A taproot is a single, thick root that grows deeper into the soil. There may be some lateral growth of smaller roots from a taproot, although it is more limited than that of fibrous roots. If a taproot is broken it may stop growing downward and instead form a fibrous root system by extending smaller roots laterally. [PAR] Dandelion Roots [PAR] Dandelions grow from a lengthy taproot that, when severed, can grow into multiple new plants. This taproot is one of the reasons dandelions receive such negative attention. A single, fleshy dandelion taproot can extend many feet into the ground with small, hairlike roots growing from the sides. The ability of these roots to grow downward to such great lengths makes them better able to compete with plants over water and nutrients. It also enables them to thrive in many different climates and conditions. [PAR] Dandelion Control [PAR] The deep taproot of dandelions makes removal from the garden difficult. When extracting dandelions, if at least four to five inches of the taproot aren't removed with the above-ground growth, new shoots will develop on the broken root segments and continue to flourish. Tools such as a weeding fork can be used to penetrate deeper into the soil. However, one of the best removal methods is hand pulling the weeds when the soil is moist so more of the root can be removed without breaking. Monitor the area regularly and remove the dandelions when they are young before the root has a chance to extend too deep. The population of dandelions can be somewhat controlled by mowing or plucking flowers from the stalks before they go to seed. [PAR] Living with Dandelions [PAR] Dandelions do have some redeeming value. Each part of the dandelion plant is edible. Young leaves are sometimes used in salads along with the flowers which can also be used to make dandelion wine. The roots are used in certain medicines and coffee. By preventing dandelions from dispersing seeds, they are less likely to overtake a garden or lawn and can be admired for their benefits rather than despised for their very presence.[DOC] [TLE] What Are the Benefits of Dandelion Root? | Healthy Eating ... What Are the Benefits of Dandelion Root? | Healthy Eating | SF Gate [PAR] What Are the Benefits of Dandelion Root? [PAR] What Are the Benefits of Dandelion Root? [PAR] Dandelion root may have anti-cancer properties. [PAR] To some, the common dandelion is just a bothersome weed. However, dandelion root has been used in traditional herbal medicine for hundreds of years. After examining the properties of dandelion in detail, modern science suggests that its root might have significant benefits that can keep you healthy and disease-free. [PAR] Dandelion [PAR] The dandelion plant (Taraxacum officinale) is a hardy perennial that grows wild in temperate regions worldwide. It has a thick, long"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What was the first pirate radio station? | Notes and ... What was the first pirate radio station? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] What was the first pirate radio station? [PAR] Caroline Scanlan, Dublin [PAR] Offshore UK the first was Radio Caroline closely followed by Radio London, then followed by either Radio City or Radio King - both broadcasting from disused defence platforms. There have been unlicensed radio stations ever since radio broadcasting was first regulated; but the use of pirate implies the marine connection and 1960's UK. [PAR] Peter Brooke, Kinmuck Scotland [PAR] By pirate I assume that you mean unauthorised broadcasting to the UK and in that sense it would have been Radio Luxembourg which was the only medium wave outsider for many years. Later on came the converted lightship moored outside territorial waters off the east coast.The name escapes me as I never heard any broadcasts. [PAR] Jack Hill, St Albans England UK [PAR] Radio Caroline off the east coast of England, just outside legal waters! Tony Blackburn was one of the first RC DJ's [PAR] Richard Sixsmith, Belgrade Yugoslavia [PAR] It is widely but mistakenly believed that it all started with Radio Caroline. The first of the 'modern' pirates was actually Radio Mercur, which operated from a small fishing boat off Denmark in 1958. It didn't last too long, but was joined by Radio Veronica off the Dutch coast in April 1960 (and which would keep broadcasting for the next 15 years). Radio Caroline herself started in March 1964 with Simon Dee making the opening broadcast. She was followed later that year by numerous other UK and European pirates (Sutch, Atlanta, London, Noordzee, etc). However, a claim that Radio Luxemburg predated these as a pirate cannot go unchallenged. Whether or not you regard Fab 208 as a pirate, she was certainly not the first unauthorised station to broadcast to the UK and to incur the UK Government's displeasure. This title would go to Radio Normandy, which broadcasted commercially sponsored programs to England from 1926 to 1939. In an internal memo of 7th April 1933, the Postmaster General wrote to the Head of the BBC saying: \"We must use all our influence to stop this.\" In this, the P/G started a long tradition of bashing stations which the government could not control. It was Tony Benn in the same role who shut down (most of) the offshore pirates at the end of the 1960s. [PAR] Paul Reilly, Cambridge UK [PAR] Radio Veronica, a Dutch ship-based station, preceded Caroline, and indeed was Ronan O'Reilly's template for it. [PAR] Kip Stipala, Witham, England [PAR] Radio Veronica, which began regular transmissions to Holland on May 6, 1960, is generally credited as the world's first offshore pirate broadcaster. It transmitted programmes to the UK in English (briefly) in early 1961. Radio Luxembourg was never an \"unauthorised\" broadcaster; it was legally permitted to transmit in English by international agreement in the 1930s. [PAR] Caudillo, London, UK [PAR] Re the answer quoting Simon Dee as being the first DJ to broadcast on Radio Caroline; I always thought that honour went to Tony Blackburn with the record \"Walk on by\" by Dionne Warwick. Blackburn went on to do the same on Radio One three years later by playing the first ever record broadcast on that station - \"Flowers in the Rain\" by the Move. [PAR] John Goodall, Cheam UK [PAR] The leaders of the Easter Rising in Dublin took over the Irish School of Radio Telegraphy in April 1916, the first attempt to put up the aerial ended when Tom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ginger McCain, trainer of Red Rum, dies aged 80 - Telegraph Ginger McCain, trainer of Red Rum, dies aged 80 - Telegraph [PAR] Horse Racing [PAR] Ginger McCain, trainer of Red Rum, dies aged 80 [PAR] Donald \u2018Ginger\u2019 McCain, trainer of the legendary Red Rum, the only horse to win three Grand Nationals, has died after a short illness. He would have been 81 on Wednesday. [PAR] [PAR] Ginger McCain will his son Donald Jr Photo: PA [PAR] [PAR] Ginger McCain saddled Red Rum to win the Grand National three times Photo: REUTERS [PAR] [PAR] Ginger McCain saddled Red Rum to win the Grand National three times Photo: PA [PAR] By Marcus Armytage [PAR] 10:06AM BST 19 Sep 2011 [PAR] Besides winning the National three times with Red Rum, who was also second on his two other starts in the race, McCain also won it with Amberleigh House in 2004 equalling Fred Rimell\u2019s all-time record of sending out four winners. [PAR] Maintaining the family link with the race his son Donald, who took over the yard in 2006, won this year\u2019s race with Ballabriggs. [PAR] In a sport where there is no shortages of characters, McCain, whose first involvement with horses was when he delivered butter and bacon to the local butcher on a horse and cart, was one of its greatest and, about the Grand National, no other man has been as passionate. [PAR] In his early days as a trainer in Southport he kept his horses in a yard just behind his second hand car forecourt and he supplemented meagre earning as a taxi driver. One of his regular passengers was Noel Le Mare, a wealthy Liverpool businessman, and they discovered their joint passion was an ambition to win the Grand National. [PAR] Even so when the former selling plater off the flat, Red Rum, turned up having been bought for Le Mare by McCain for \u00a36000 it looked a long shot. But the horse thrived on Southport beach where the galloping was determined by the tide. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] My Sport 2005: interview with Ginger McCain [PAR] 05 Apr 2005 [PAR] Had Red Rum only ever won one National he might have been one of its least heralded winners such was the credit given to the runner-up Crisp who had attempted to make all the running and had given Red Rum 23lbs. But a year later he proved his greatness by becoming the first horse since Reynoldstown in 1936 to win back to back Nationals \u2013 this time carrying 12st himself. He won his third and last National in 1977. [PAR] At the time the National, as an event, was on its knees. Aintree belonged to a property developer who couldn\u2019t wait to see houses built on it and the crowds had dwindled to almost nothing. But Red Rum was like a messiah for the race, coming at just the right time and his popularity inspired racing to get behind the racecourse and build it back to what it is today, one of the nation\u2019s great sporting events. [PAR] In later years McCain became a passionate supporter and out-spoken defender of the National. He wanted it to remain the ultimate test of horse and rider and he had little time for those who sought to water down the challenges. [PAR] \u201cI was just an old broken down taxi driver who got lucky in the National,\u201d he once said. [PAR] Others saw it differently. He was an integral part of the Rummy fairytale. Aintree unveiled a plaque on the grandstand where he would stand to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nursery Rhymes - Three Blind Mice Three Blind Mice - Nursery Rhymes [PAR] Nursery Rhymes [PAR] Three blind mice. Three blind mice. [PAR] See how they run. See how they run. [PAR] They all ran after the farmer's wife, [PAR] Who cut off their tails with a carving knife, [PAR] Did you ever see such a sight in your life, [PAR] As three blind mice? [PAR] Nursery Rhymes \u203a Funny Songs \u203a Three Blind Mice [PAR] Viewed By 5597 Kids [PAR] NurseryRhymes.com is a free site offering lyrics and music to hundreds of popular nursery rhymes that have been passed down through the ages. Use our site to keep kids entertained, find lyrics to a nursery rhyme that you can't remember, or bring you back to a happy time when you were child.[DOC] [TLE] Nursery Rhyme - Three Blind Mice - Mother Goose Nursery Rhyme - Three Blind Mice [PAR] THREE BLIND MICE [PAR] Three blind mice! Three blind mice! [PAR] See how they run! [PAR] They all ran after the farmer\u2019s wife, [PAR] Who cut off their tails with a carving knife. [PAR] Did you ever see such a thing in your life [PAR] As three blind mice?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kings Of Leon: Youth & Young Manhood - Music on Google Play Kings Of Leon: Youth & Young Manhood - Music on Google Play [PAR] Youth & Young Manhood [PAR] ( 128) [PAR] Description [PAR] Youth & Young Manhood is the debut album from American rock band Kings of Leon, released on July 7, 2003, in the United Kingdom and on August 19, 2003, in the United States. The title was taken from a drawing of the family tree of Moses, found on the inside of one of their Pentecostal preaching father's Bibles. Each branch contained a line that the band was quoted as saying could easily have passed for an album title. Youth and Young Manhood, however, seemed fitting and was quickly agreed upon by all members. [PAR] 1 8 [PAR] Hunter Schunter [PAR] One of my favorite albums When I asked for a Kings of Leon album in the eight grade, I was expected to get Only by the Night. When I unwrapped Youth and Young Manhood, I was originally disappointed. However, after hearing the entire album for the first time, I was pleasantly surprised. While some of the songs sound a little repetitive, songs like Molly's Chambers and Genius really mark this CD as a phenomenal album. [PAR] paulyblanco726047 [PAR] Message to Isaiah Alpentzou Are you high? KOL earlier stuff is way better than their last two albums. Come around sundown is their worst album but Youth and young manhood is a classic. [PAR] A Google User [PAR] Garage Rock! Kings of Leon are the kings of this area of music. Whoever called them gay grow up, they sing songs about prostitutes and drugs. What part of that is gay? [PAR] Victoria Bennett [PAR] Rubbish Never liked any of their stuff it all sounds the same!! [PAR] A Google User [PAR] I dont like this This is gay [PAR] Daniel Scott [PAR] Best band around This album shows how good they can be, I am glad they got all their success if any band deserved it, it was them. [PAR] User reviews [PAR] Hunter Schunter January 26, 2013 [PAR] One of my favorite albums When I asked for a Kings of Leon album in the eight grade, I was expected to get Only by the Night. When I unwrapped Youth and Young Manhood, I was originally disappointed. However, after hearing the entire album for the first time, I was pleasantly surprised. While some of the songs sound a little repetitive, songs like Molly's Chambers and Genius really mark this CD as a phenomenal album. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] paulyblanco726047 September 22, 2015 [PAR] Message to Isaiah Alpentzou Are you high? KOL earlier stuff is way better than their last two albums. Come around sundown is their worst album but Youth and young manhood is a classic. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] A Google User November 13, 2012 [PAR] Garage Rock! Kings of Leon are the kings of this area of music. Whoever called them gay grow up, they sing songs about prostitutes and drugs. What part of that is gay? [PAR] Victoria Bennett September 20, 2013 [PAR] Rubbish Never liked any of their stuff it all sounds the same!! [PAR] A Google User February 17, 2012 [PAR] I dont like this This is gay [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Daniel Scott August 24, 2013 [PAR] Best band around This album shows how good they can be, I am glad they got all their success if any band deserved it, it was them. [PAR] Mr B June 4, 2014 [PAR] Horrendous Who on earth would listen to this?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welsh Flag - History, Facts and Downloads for the National ... Welsh Flag - History, Facts and Downloads for the National Flag of Wales [PAR] Welsh Flag [PAR] Welsh Flag \u2013 Flag of Wales \u2013 Y Ddraig Goch [PAR] Facts about Wales [PAR] GDP per capita: $30,546 (2006 estimate) [PAR] Currency: UK \u00a3 GBP [PAR] Government: Welsh Assembly and UK Parliament [PAR] Patron Saint: Saint David (Dewi Sant) [PAR] About the Flag [PAR] The Welsh flag is one of the most recognisable in the world. It is one of only three national flags to display a mythological creature, the other two being the Snow Lion flag of Tibet and the Thunder Dragon flag of Bhutan. [PAR] It is often said that it is one of the oldest national flags in Europe although this is almost impossible to verify. Certainly, the association of the Red Dragon with the people of Wales has existed far longer than that of the English with the Cross of St George. However, it was not made the official flag of Wales until 1959 and before then many alternatives had been in use. [PAR] How long has the Red Dragon been a symbol of Wales? The short answer is that it was probably a symbol of the Celts in Britain since the time of the Romans and probably well before the Anglo-Saxon invasion in the 5th century. [PAR] History of the Flag [PAR] The Welsh flag mixes two major influences, namely that of the Red Dragon and the colours green and white, taken from the heraldry of the Tudor family. [PAR] The House of Tudor was a Welsh aristocratic family who seized the throne of England at the Battle of Bosworth, ending the 15th-century War of the Roses. On the 22nd of August 1485 Henry Tudor (Harri Tudur) marched into this battle carrying this version of the Red Dragon. By the end of that day he had been crowned King Henry VII on a small hill near the village of Stoke Golding before marching with the standard proudly on display to London. [PAR] The origins of the Red Dragon as a symbol of the Celtic people of Britain and later Wales are, however, far older. The oldest historical mention of this symbol in relation to the Welsh people is to be found in the Historia Britonnum (History of Britain) written or compiled by the the Welsh monk Nennius c. AD 830. [PAR] Reconstructing the early history of Great Britain from ancient legends he writes a story of a boy born without a father, an apparent virgin birth, who is called before the wicked King Vortigern, last of the Celtic kings of Britain. At this stage in history the Anglo-Saxons were a small invading force who had yet to claim much land in what was later to become England. [PAR] The boy reveals to the King two serpents, one white and one red, who had been hidden deep underground. They began to fight and the white serpent three times threw the red serpent down, apparently winning the battle, until finally the red one summoned his strength and drove him away. [PAR] The story is then explained by the mysterious child: \u201cthe two serpents are two dragons; the red serpent is your dragon, but the white serpent is the dragon of the people who occupy several provinces and districts of Britain, even almost from sea to sea: at length, however, our people shall rise and drive away the Saxon race from beyond the sea, whence they originally came.\u201d (Source: http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/arthist/vortigernquoteshb.htm) [PAR] The fact that Nennius chose to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] La Traviata, opera by Verdi - Book Hotel Online La Traviata, opera by Verdi - Events and festivals in Paris - Accorhotels City Guide [PAR] La Traviata, opera by Verdi [PAR] Paris [PAR] Contact details [PAR] A powerful work. [PAR] Based on the play La Dame aux cam\u00e9lias by Alexandre Dumas fils, and adapted just a year after the play was written, La Traviata, an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi, is one of the most popular operas ever written, thanks to its uplifting arias and fantastic choruses. [PAR] This work deals with the hypocrisy of the bourgeoisie, comprised of religious principals and lucrative alliances. The love story involves a gentleman, Alfredo, and a courtesan, Violetta, who not being sufficiently moral will have no path but that of sacrifice. [PAR] Conductor: Michele Mariotti [PAR] With (depending on the dates): [PAR] Sonya Yoncheva, Maria Agresta, Bryan Hymel, Abdellah Lasri, Pl\u00e1cido Domingo, Abdellah Lasri [PAR] On Wednesday 29 June 2016 : [PAR] - Wednesday from 19:30 to 22:35 [PAR] Admission prices : [PAR] - Price category 1 (full price) : 205 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 2 (full price) : 185 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 3 (full price) : 155 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 4 (full price) : 135 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 5 (full price) : 100 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 6 (full price) : 70 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 7 (full price) : 35 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 8 (full price) : 15 \u20ac [PAR] - Price category 9 (full price) : 5 \u20ac Metro station Bastille [PAR] RER A and D Gare de Lyon [PAR] In Italian [PAR] Surtitled in French and English [PAR] Address"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Feb. 5, 1971: Apollo 14 Moon Landing Video - ABC News Feb. 5, 1971: Apollo 14 Moon Landing Video - ABC News [PAR] ABC News [PAR] ABC News coverage as astronauts collect samples on the lunar surface. [PAR] 3:00 | 09/28/14 [PAR] Coming up in the next {{countdown}} {{countdownlbl}} [PAR] Coming up next: [PAR] More information on this video [PAR] Enhanced full screen [PAR] Transcript for 2/5/1971: Apollo 14 Moon Landing [PAR] This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. [PAR] Astronauts are ordered back to lunar module before reaching goal of cone crater. [PAR] Now Playing: Feb. 5, 1971: Apollo XIV Mission Incomplete [PAR] Now Playing: 1/27/1967: Apollo I Tragedy [PAR] Now Playing: 9/14/82: Grace Kelly Dies [PAR] Now Playing: 9/13/93: PLO-Israeli Peace Agreement [PAR] Now Playing: 9/15/01: Pres. Bush Declares War on Terror [PAR] Now Playing: 9/15/83: Israeli PM Begin Resigns [PAR] Now Playing: 9/17/01: Stock Market Reopens [PAR] Now Playing: 4/4/68: MLK Assassinated [PAR] Now Playing: 4/29/1983: Chicago's First Black Mayor [PAR] Now Playing: 4/28/1986: Chernobyl Disaster [PAR] Now Playing: 6/26/90: Bush Breaks 'No New Tax' Policy [PAR] Now Playing: 12/15/2006: Prince William Graduates [PAR] Now Playing: 12/14/2008: Paul McCartney Interview [PAR] Now Playing: 12/17/1992: Pres. Bush Signs NAFTA [PAR] Now Playing: 12/17/2003: 100 Years of Flight [PAR] Now Playing: 12/14/2003: Saddam Hussein Captured [PAR] Now Playing: 12/14/2008: Shoe Thrown at Bush in Iraq [PAR] Now Playing: 12/13/2000: Al Gore's Concession Speech [PAR] Now Playing: 12/13/2000: Bush's Acceptance Speech [PAR] Now Playing: 12/18/1972: U.S. Resumes Bombing Vietnam [PAR] Now Playing: {{itm.title}}"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morse code alphabet - International Morse Code International Morse Code [PAR] International Morse Code [PAR] For learning Morse code it is recommended that you do not try to remember dots and dashes, but remember the Morse code sounds instead. [PAR] Letter [PAR] CL, Going off the air (\"clear\") [PAR] -.-..-.. [PAR] DO, Change to wabun code [PAR] -..--- [PAR] KN, Invite a specific station to transmit [PAR] -.--. [PAR] SK, End of transmission (also VA) [PAR] ...-.- [PAR] I am ready to copy [PAR] QRV? [PAR] Are you ready to copy? [PAR] QRL [PAR] The frequency is in use [PAR] QRL? [PAR] Is the frequency in use? [PAR] QTH [PAR] What is your location? [PAR] Notes [PAR] If the duration of a dot is taken to be one unit then that of a dash is three units. The space between the components of one character is one unit, between characters is three units and between words seven units. To indicate that a mistake has been made and for the receiver to delete the last word, send ........ (eight dots). [PAR] The prosigns are combinations of two letters sent together with no space in between. The other abbreviations and Q codes are sent with the normal spacing. [PAR] I am a father and foster carer [PAR] a principal research engineer at the IT Innovation Centre [PAR] a Woodcraft Folk district coordinator [PAR] a salsa teacher [PAR] and in my spare time I write and maintain this web site [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright Stephen C. Phillips, 2015[DOC] [TLE] Morse code dictionary definition | Morse code defined Morse code dictionary definition | Morse code defined [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: The @ sign, a combination of a and c, was added in 2004 in order that telegraphers could send e-mail addresses.There are extensions to International Morse Code to accommodate letters with diacritical marks used in non-English alphabets. See also dash , dot , ham , ITU , and telegraph . [PAR] A character code invented by Samuel Morse that is represented by the duration of a single tone. Written as dots, dashes and spaces, the first Morse code message was sent in 1844 over a newly constructed telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington. In World War II, Morse code was sent by light signals. A variation of the original was made by Friedrich Gerke in 1848, which evolved into the International Morse Code. Dits and Dahs - Actually Hear Them! The code was based on English; E and T being the most frequently used letters, hence one dot was assigned to E and one dash for T (see table below). Dots and dashes are vocalized as \"dit\" and \"dah,\" and the timing is one dit between each dit and dah, three dits between letters and seven dits between words. To hear an audible translation in Morse code of any text, visit http://morsecode.scphillips.com. Try catching the rhythm. Morse Code Beat Out Texting In 2007, Tonight Show host Jay Leno posed a speed challenge. Given the secret message at the same time \"I just saved a bunch of money on my car insurance,\" the Morse code operator tapped all the words to his colleague across the stage before the young texter could finish typing the sentence. See Gmail Tap and telegraph . International Morse Code A .- U ..- B -... V ...- C -.-. W .-- D -.. X -..- E . Y -.-- Z --.. F ..-. G --. 0 ----- H .... 1 .---- I .. 2 ..--- J .--- 3 ...-- 4 ....- K -.- 5 ..... L .-.. 6 -...."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parky: \u2018What I really told Ian Thorpe\u2019 - News.com.au Channel 10: Sir Michael Parkinson on Ian Thorpe being gay [PAR] Last July, Parkinson\u2019s interview with Ian Thorpe made headlines. The Olympic champion revealed he is gay and had battled depression and alcohol abuse . [PAR] The two-part Parky\u2019s Favourite Australians collects the best of those celebrated interviews. [PAR] Are there any qualities that link the Aussies you\u2019ve interviewed over the years? [PAR] \u201cThis laconic humour that you have. It is a wonderful put-down of pompous people and an irreverent attitude towards all kinds of authority. In the show we have several people who could not in any way be described as conventional \u2014 not only (comedy characters) Dame Edna Everage and Sir Les Patterson but people like Bob Hawke and Kerry Packer.\u201d [PAR] You say that Kerry Packer is your favourite Aussie interview. Why? [PAR] Favourite interview ... Kerry Packer with wife Ros Packer at a film premiere in October, 1984.Source:News Corp Australia [PAR] \u201cIt was a remarkable interview \u2014 a very frank interview. You\u2019re not messing with a lightweight here. You\u2019re messing with a very clever, very shrewd man. Mr Packer was in the throes of inventing World Series Cricket (when I interviewed him) which I thought was an act of vandalism \u2014 and I told him so. So we started off with a row. Kerry Packer having a row is a frightening sight let me tell you \u2014 but he liked people who weren\u2019t sycophantic with him. People forget he wasn\u2019t the chosen son. He proved them all wrong. [PAR] Revealed he was gay ... Sir Michael Parkinson interviews Ian Thorpe. Picture: Ten NetworkSource:Channel 10 [PAR] Your interview with Ian Thorpe gained world attention. What did you make of his coming out? [PAR] \u201cI said to him at the time \u2018why the hell did you think that because you were gay that you had to keep it a secret? Who gives a toss? I know that a while ago maybe attitudes were different and certainly it (men\u2019s swimming) is a butch sport. I can see the reasons why \u2014 but it is sad. We talked about this. Why did he waste all that time feeling cut off \u2014 unable to be honest with himself and his parents and everybody. I think it (the interview) purged him of a great feeling of guilt. It is an indication of how Australia has grown up \u2026 that he has been accepted.\u201d [PAR] Ian Thorpe: The Parkinson Interview - First Look0:26 [PAR] With no question off limits, Sir Michael Parkinson CBE explores the private and sometimes troubled world of Ian Thorpe OAM. [PAR] July 6th 2014 [PAR] 3 years ago [PAR] /video/video.news.com.au/Entertainment/ [PAR] \u2018A maverick\u201d ... Sir Michael Parkinson on former cricketing great Shane Warne. Picture: Gregg PorteousSource:News Corp Australia [PAR] Shane Warne divides opinion. What do you think of him? [PAR] \u201cI like Shane. I like mavericks and he\u2019s a maverick. We can all tut-tut about him but you should also remember the joy he gave you. In the days before he was better known for his cricket than his texts and his girlfriends, he was a star. He is the greatest spin bowler I\u2019ve ever seen and am ever likely to see in my lifetime.\u201d [PAR] Are there any famous Australians you didn\u2019t get to interview? [PAR] \u201cSir Donald Bradman was the one I would have given my eye teeth to interview. He was a very sensitive man. His confidantes managed to convince him that I was a friend of people, like Keith Miller, who criticised him. He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin ... Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin - BDO World Championships - Betting News | William Hill [PAR] Andrea Calo 12th Dec 2008 - 12:49 [PAR] Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin [PAR] Darts, through its nicknames, stands alone in UK sport. No other sport equals its colourfully monikered cast of characters in this sceptred isle \u2013 and it\u2019s time we paid tribute to it. [PAR] Where US sport has its Babes, A-Rods and Pistol Petes, and the footballers of Brazil wear names like Garrincha ( \u201csongbird\u201d), Ronaldinho (\u201clittle Ronaldo\u201d) and Fred (erm, \u201cFred\u201d), sportsmen in the UK tend to go by names like Alan, Steve, Wayne and, um, Rio. [PAR] Not so our nation\u2019s professional darts players. They add some much-needed colour to the world of sport \u2013 if, no longer, ITV\u2019s World of Sport \u2013 and what\u2019s more, a well-chosen nickname can turn a darts player from a permed also-ran with a beergut into a household name. Just ask Steve \u201cthe Bronzed Adonis\u201d Beaton. [PAR] A good darts nickname gives you an extra three inches at the oche. Phil \u201cthe Power\u201d Taylor has a headstart on Raymond \u201cBarney\u201d van Barneveld every time they meet \u2013 largely because he\u2019s got a proper nickname. [PAR] And, if you\u2019re Keith \u201cthe Kid\u201d Dellar, your own name could even become rhyming slang for the nation\u2019s favourite drink. [PAR] A history of darts nicknames [PAR] The first darts nickname is generally agreed to have belonged to the \u201cCrafty Cockney\u201d, Eric Bristow. According to a story in the Daily Mirror in 2005, he was given the nom de guerre by Bobby George \u2013 then known to the world as \u201cBobby George\u201d, and not \u201cBobby Dazzler\u201d, \u201cMister Glitter\u201d, \u201cthe King of Darts\u201d or any of the other monikers given to the legendary Essex pro. [PAR] Another story mentions an ex-pat pub in Los Angeles that Bristow visited \u2013 that\u2019s how big darts was in the 1980s \u2013 called \u201cThe Crafty Cockney\u201d. The pub produced red bowling shirts with its name emblazoned on the back. [PAR] London lad Bristow bagged himself one to wear on the oche \u2013 up to then he\u2019d traditionally appeared in a red polo shirt \u2013 and the nickname went back to Britain with the darts player. [PAR] Other players of the day soon got nicknames of their own, although most were attributed by others rather than self-chosen (Bobby George almost certainly coined John Lowe\u2019s moniker of \u201cOld Stoneface\u201d) and some \u2013 like Cliff Lazarenko\u2019s \u201cBig Cliff\u201d \u2013 didn\u2019t exactly test the crowd\u2019s imagination. [PAR] By the time Steve Beaton was appearing in tournaments as \u201cthe Bronzed Adonis\u201d in the early 1990s, though, a nickname was an essential part of a pro darts player\u2019s armoury. And with the arrival of the World Darts Council (later the PDC) and darts\u2019 great schism, having a nickname became de facto darts law. The PDC added razzmatazz, family friendliness and Sky cash to darts, and a nickname and entrance music was part of the pro player\u2019s package. [PAR] Plain old Phil Taylor \u2013 winner of two pre-split BDO World Championships \u2013 went on to dominate the game of darts with 11 PDC titles as the more impressive Phil \u201cthe Power\u201d Taylor. [PAR] The BDO soon got in on the act, too, with \u201cthe Count\u201d (Ted Hankey), \u201cthe Viking\u201d (Andy Fordham) and \u201cWolfie\u201d (Martin Adams) all winning World titles. [PAR] With the PDC World Darts Championship arriving soon on Sky and the BDO World Darts Championships following closely behind on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Rake's Progress | artble.com A Rake's Progress | artble.com [PAR] A Rake's Progress [PAR] A Rake's Progress Story / Theme [PAR] Plate 3: Cavorting with prostitutes [PAR] Plate 5: Marrying an old maid [PAR] In A Rake's Progress Hogarth depicts the story of Tom Rakewell, a young man who inherits money from his late father and squanders it on expensive clothes, prostitutes and gambling. [PAR] Although Tom is not portrayed as an evil character, he is certainly out of his depth, thrown into a life trying to emulate the aristocracy without the knowledge or the funds to sustain it. [PAR] Over eight plates Hogarth illustrates the life of Tom Rakewell; after losing his father and his fortune, he indulging in orgies and drunkenly cavorting with prostitutes. Having squandered his fortune Tom is forced to marry an older, wealthy woman in order to pay his debts. However, his attention is directed at the maid rather than his new wife. [PAR] He then loses his second fortune and is sent to the debtor's jail and eventually ends up in the notorious Bedlam Hospital for the insane which is full of a range of characters. Tom is comforted by the ever present Sarah Young, the maid he so greatly admires. [PAR] A Rake's Progress Inspirations for the Work [PAR] Plate 6: A gambling den at Soho's White Club [PAR] Plate 7: The notorious Fleet debtor's prison [PAR] Plate 8: Bedlam [PAR] Debtors' prison: [PAR] Hogarth's father was detained in Fleet debtor's prison for most of his childhood. Although the artist never talked about this in any of his biographical writings it must have had a profound effect on him. Certainly the conditions which Tom Rakewell found himself in must have been very similar to that of Hogarth's father. [PAR] Bedlam: [PAR] Bedlam was an infamous mental hospital in the 18th century and was open for viewing by the public for a small fee. Run by the infamous Baron Henry Brougham, there were many accounts of inmates being badly treated and abused. Hogarth's use of this setting reflects the 18th century view that madness was a result of moral weakness. [PAR] Local scandals: [PAR] The social scandals of the day can only have been inspirations for this satirical attack on the upper classes. Wealthy young men were often seen frequenting the drinking holes and brothels of London. Gambling and drinking were so popular that it's very likely Hogarth had read about or knew men in similar positions. [PAR] It was certainly very common for a poor young man to marry an older woman for her money. [PAR] Hogarth's Moral Values: [PAR] In all of Hogarth's paintings his strong moral code is very evident and he uses his work almost as an excuse to preach to society. A Presbyterian upbringing and strong moral standing meant that Hogarth was keen to use art as a way to shock the general public into action, concerning the vices and addictions that he felt were ruining English society. [PAR] A Rake's Progress Analysis [PAR] William Hogarth [PAR] Composition: [PAR] In A Rake's Progress Hogarth uses his theories on the analysis of beauty by including numerous characters within the scene and using symbolism to create an overcrowded composition in which the narrative is very clear. [PAR] The artist also uses his serpentine curves and his lighting techniques highlight various characters and aspects, while lesser characters are in the shadowy parts of the painting. [PAR] Painting style: [PAR] These works were later made into engravings and became publically available, being displayed in public buildings as well as private"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wedding at Cana Details Jesus' First Miracle The Wedding at Cana Details Jesus' First Miracle [PAR] The master was unaware of Jesus' turning the water in the jars into wine. [PAR] The steward was astounded. He took the bride and groom aside and complimented them. Most couples served the best wine first, he said, then brought out cheaper wine after the guests had too much to drink and would not notice. \"You have saved the best till now,\" he told them (John 2:10, NIV ). [PAR] By this miraculous sign, Jesus revealed his glory as the Son of God . His amazed disciples put their faith in him. [PAR] Points of Interest from the Story: [PAR] The exact location of Cana is still debated by Bible scholars. The name means \"place of reeds.\" In the present day village of Kafr Cana in Israel stands the Greek Orthodox church of St. George, built in 1886. In that church are two stone jars which locals claim are two of the jars used in Jesus' first miracle . [PAR] Several Bible translations, including the King James Version and English Standard Version , record Jesus addressing his mother as \"woman,\" which some have characterized as brusque. The New International Version adds the adjective \"dear\" before woman. [PAR] Earlier in the Gospel of John , we are told that Jesus called Nathaniel, who was born in Cana, and \"saw\" Nathaniel sitting under a fig tree even before they met. The wedding couple's names are not mentioned, but because Cana was a small village, it's likely they had some connection to Nathaniel. [PAR] This miracle, showing Jesus' supernatural control over physical elements like water , marked the beginning of his public ministry. Like his other miracles, it benefited people in need. [PAR] Not only did Jesus produce a large quantity of wine, but the quality of it astonished the banquet master. In the same way, Jesus pours his Spirit into us in abundance, giving us God's best. [PAR] While it may seem insignificant, there is crucial symbolism in this first miracle of Jesus. It was not a coincidence that the water Jesus transformed came from jars used for ceremonial washing. The water signified the Jewish system of purification, and Jesus replaced it with pure wine, representing his spotless blood that would wash away our sins . [PAR] Question for Reflection: [PAR] Running out of wine was hardly a life-or-death situation, nor was anyone in physical pain. Yet Jesus interceded with a miracle to solve the problem. God is interested in every aspect of your life. What matters to you matters to him. Is something troubling you that you have been reluctant to go to Jesus about? [PAR] \u2022 Bible Story Summary Index [PAR] Jack Zavada, a career writer and contributor for About.com, is host to a Christian website for singles. Never married, Jack feels that the hard-won lessons he has learned may help other Christian singles make sense of their lives. His articles and ebooks offer great hope and encouragement. To contact him or for more information, visit Jack's Bio Page .[DOC] [TLE] John 2:1-11 NIV - Jesus Changes Water Into Wine - On the ... John 2:1-11 NIV - Jesus Changes Water Into Wine - On the - Bible Gateway [PAR] John 2:1-11New International Version (NIV) [PAR] Jesus Changes Water Into Wine [PAR] 2 On the third day a wedding took place at Cana in Galilee. Jesus\u2019 mother was there, 2 and Jesus and his disciples had also been invited to the wedding. 3 When the wine was gone, Jesus\u2019 mother said"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alastair John Campbell THE LEVESON INQUIRY - YouTube Alastair John Campbell THE LEVESON INQUIRY - YouTube [PAR] Alastair John Campbell THE LEVESON INQUIRY [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 15, 2012 [PAR] Alastair John Campbell (born 25 May 1957) is a British journalist, broadcaster, political aide and author, best known for his work as Director of Communications and Strategy for Prime Minister Tony Blair between 1997 and 2003. Campbell describes himself as a \"Communicator, Writer and Strategist\" on his website, while others have described him as Labour's \"unelected, but ... hardly underscrutinised\" spin doctor. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Alastair Campbell, Politician - Bio & Facts Alastair Campbell, Politician \u2022 Biography & Facts [PAR] Alastair Campbell [PAR] Politician [PAR] Alastair John Campbell (born 25 May 1957) is a British journalist, broadcaster, political aide and author, best known for his work as Director of Communications and Strategy for prime minister Tony Blair between 1997 and 2003. Campbell describes himself as a \"communicator, writer and strategist\" on his website, while others have described him as Labour's \"unelected, but ... hardly underscrutinised\" spin doctor. [PAR] Personal facts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About UEFA - UEFA.org About UEFA - UEFA.org [PAR] About UEFA [PAR] Read more [PAR] UEFA \u2013 the Union of European Football Associations \u2013 is the governing body of European football. It is an association of associations, a representative democracy, and is the umbrella organisation for 55 national football associations across Europe. Its objectives are, among other things, to deal with all questions relating to European football, to promote football in a spirit of unity, solidarity, peace, understanding and fair play, without any discrimination on the part of politics, race, religion, gender or any other reason, to safeguard the values of European football, maintain relations with all stakeholders involved in European football, and support and safeguard its member associations for the overall well-being of the European game. [PAR] UEFA is a society entered in the register of companies under the Swiss civil code, and is neutral, politically and religiously. Its headquarters are located in Nyon, Switzerland. It is a continental confederation of the world football governing body FIFA, which is based in Zurich, Switzerland. [PAR] The organs through which UEFA acts are the UEFA Congress, the UEFA Executive Committee, the UEFA President and the organs for the administration of justice. [PAR] UEFA Congress [PAR] The UEFA Congress is UEFA's supreme controlling organ. An Ordinary UEFA Congress is held every year, and is attended by representatives of UEFA's 55 member national associations. [PAR] An Extraordinary UEFA Congress may be convened by the UEFA Executive Committee, or at the written request of one fifth or more of the UEFA member associations, stating the items to be placed on the agenda. [PAR] UEFA Executive Committee [PAR] The UEFA Executive Committee is UEFA's supreme executive body. It comprises the UEFA President and 16 other members, including at least one female, elected by a UEFA Congress. [PAR] The UEFA Executive Committee is empowered to adopt regulations and make decisions on all matters which do not fall within the legal or statutory jurisdiction of the UEFA Congress or another organ. The UEFA Executive Committee manages UEFA, except to the extent that it has delegated such management, or unless such management has been delegated by the UEFA Statutes to the UEFA President or the UEFA administration. [PAR] UEFA Emergency Panel [PAR] The Emergency Panel is composed of five members of the duly elected UEFA Executive Committee \u2013 the UEFA President; the first UEFA vice-president; the UEFA vice-president chairing the Finance Committee, and two other members of the UEFA Executive Committee appointed by the UEFA President on a case-by-case basis. Between meetings of the UEFA Executive Committee, the Emergency Panel is authorised to take and execute final decisions on urgent matters that fall under the authority of the UEFA Executive Committee. [PAR] UEFA President [PAR] The UEFA President represents UEFA and chairs the UEFA Congress, as well as meetings of the UEFA Executive Committee. In the event of a tie in any vote, the UEFA President has the casting vote. [PAR] In carrying out these responsibilities, the UEFA President consults with the UEFA Executive Committee. The UEFA President is elected for a four-year term by the UEFA member associations at the UEFA Congress. [PAR] Organs for the Administration of Justice [PAR] The Organs for the Administration of Justice act as UEFA's disciplinary bodies, i.e. the Control, Ethics and Disciplinary Body and the Appeals Body; Ethics and Disciplinary Inspectors and the two-chamber Club Financial Control Body (CFCB). [PAR] The Control, Ethics and Disciplinary Body is the first disciplinary instance. The Appeals Body has jurisdiction to hear appeals against decisions of the Control, Ethics and Disciplinary Body, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Location information - Greek tourism guide - GTP Homeric world ARGOS (Ancient city) ARGOLIS - GTP [PAR] Country [PAR] Greece in Homer [PAR] Homer mentions Phthia by the name \"Hellas\" (Od. 4.726 & 816), while he refers to Greece by the name \"Hellas and mid-Argos\" (Od. 1.344). [PAR] \"Phemios,\" she cried,(Penelope), \"you know many another feat of gods and heroes, such as poets love to celebrate. Sing the suitors some one of these, and let them drink their wine in silence, but cease this sad tale, for it breaks my sorrowful heart, and reminds me of my lost husband for whom I have grief [penthos] ever without ceasing, and whose name [kleos] was great over all Hellas and middle Argos.\" (Hom. Od. 1.337-344) [PAR] Commentary: [PAR] This passage has been recently discussed by Mr. Bury B. in the Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. xv. pp. 217-238, with especial reference to the words an' Hellada kai meson Argos. These words are generally understood as a poetical or traditional periphrasis for the whole of Greece, -Hellas (a part of Thessaly) representing the north and Argos the Peloponnesus. Mr. Bury points out that, if this is so, the offer here made by Menelaus is a strange one. Telemachus has just entreated to be allowed to return home at once. How could Menelaus, who has himself been dwelling on the duty of speeding the parting guest, suddenly propose to be his companion on so long a tour? In seeking for a solution of this difficulty, Mr. Bury is led to examine afresh the old question (Thuc.1. 3) of the different uses of the names Hellas and Hellenes. Among other results he arrives at the conclusion that, just as in the Iliad the names Hellas and Achaioi are closely associated in Thessaly, so the name Hellas at a somewhat later time was applied to the 'Achaia' of history, the north coastland of the Poloponnesus. If then this is the sense of the term in the passage before us, Menelaus does not invite Telemachus to go with him all over Greece, but only to make a detour through Argolis and Achaia--countries then under the dominion of the Atridae. [PAR] It is impossible here to discuss Mr. Bury's history of the name Hellas: but a word may be said regarding its application to the Odyssey. In the first place, the difficulty with which he begins is surely not insuperable. Granting that Telemachus was not likely to accept the invitation, it may be that ancient manners required some such speech from the host -the muthoi aganoi promised by Pisistratus (l. 53). And the main purpose of Telemachus, the quest of news of his father, though not again mentioned here, must be supposed present to the minds of both. Moreover, the difficulty is not one that is very much diminished by Mr. Bury's interpretation. For surely it lies (poetically at least) not so much in the length of the proposed journey as in the fact of such an expedition being proposed at that moment. Again, the phrase an' Hellada kai meson Argos is (or became) a piece of Epic commonplace. In Od.1. 344(=4. 726, 816) tou kleos euru kath' Hellada kai meson Argos it seems to mean Greece generally. Moreover, it is plainly a variation of the line Argos es hippoboton kai Achaiida kalligunaika, which is also of a traditional type. The meaning of these phrases no doubt changed with time and circumstances; but it must always have been wide and conventional. It is hard to believe that Menelaus would use them to describe a route which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Profile on Mora Siljan Airport | CAPA - Centre for Aviation Profile on Mora Siljan Airport | CAPA - Centre for Aviation [PAR] Location of Mora Siljan Airport, Sweden [PAR] Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation and Google Maps [PAR] [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons. [PAR] This content is exclusively for CAPA Membership Subscribers [PAR] CAPA Membership gives you the latest aviation news and alerts, access to CAPA articles, reports, and our leading aviation data with optional premium add-ons."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Canard Synonyms, Canard Antonyms | Thesaurus.com Canard Synonyms, Canard Antonyms | Thesaurus.com [PAR] Unfortunately that is only a canard invented by my dearest enemies. [PAR] \"So you are introducing the canard to the political world,\" remarked Lousteau. [PAR] I found here several letters from England; but, as I had presumed, that report about the sale of all my pictures was a canard. [PAR] His line of business at present seems to be the canard line. [PAR] Canard, it may be noted, in French, signifies both a duck and a highly improbable story. [PAR] This canard was circulated by the creatures of the Oligarchy. [PAR] Canard, ka-nr\u2032, or ka-nrd\u2032, n. an extravagant or lying story. [PAR] This type is sometimes used in Europe, and it led to the Farman \"canard\" with the box tail in front. [PAR] This family increased in numbers in Minas, and two villages bore the name, one in Minas and the other in Canard. [PAR] It was Balzac who said that the canard was a discovery of Franklin\u2014the inventor of the lightning rod, the hoax, and the republic."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidential Vehicles - Lyndon B Johnson National ... Presidential Vehicles - Lyndon B Johnson National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Presidential Vehicles [PAR] [PAR] The Presidency of the United States is certainly a demanding job. The need for relaxation; to refresh one\u2019s wholeness, is imperative for the tough days that lie ahead. President Johnson\u2019s daily schedule was at the very least, exhausting. From early morning until long after sunset, Vietnam and his Great Society programs consumed his time and energy. On those occasions when he would have some free days he would retreat to his ranch in Stonewall, Texas. This is where he found the peace and serenity that was needed to recharge himself mentally, physically and spiritually. He particularly enjoyed his many vehicles; his presidential toys. Inspecting his ranch in one of his cherished Lincolns; the practical jokes on unsuspecting guests with his Amphicar; hitching up a couple of donkeys to his little wagon and making children smile; ringing the fire bell; yes, these were the types of simple pleasures that re-energized our 36th president. Oh, how he loved his vehicles! [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Lincoln Continental Convertibles [PAR] These were the cars probably most associated with President Johnson. Here his Special Assistant, Joseph A. Califano, Jr recalls a ride with the President: [PAR] In the early afternoon, the President, with me next to him in the front seat, took his white Lincoln convertible, top down, for a drive around the ranch. It was incredibly hot; the dust clouds made it hard to breathe. But there was relief. As we drove around we were followed by a car and a station wagon with Secret Service agents. The President drank Cutty Sark scotch and soda out of a large white plastic foam cup. Periodically, Johnson would slow down and hold his left arm outside the car, shaking the cup and ice. A Secret Service agent would run up to the car, take the cup and go back to the station wagon. There another agent would refill it with ice, scotch, and soda as the first agent trotted behind the wagon. Then the first agent would run the refilled cup up to LBJ\u2019s outstretched and waiting hand, as the President\u2019s car moved slowly along. [PAR] [PAR] 1915 Fire Truck [PAR] The fire truck is a 1915-type 12 American La France given to the President by the people of Brady, Texas in 1964. When it was new it carried 1200 feet of standard fire hose and could deliver 1000 gallons of water per minute at any pressure desired up to 400 pounds per square inch. It is electrically equipped throughout, having lights near each gauge on the pump and around the motor, as well as an electric starter. The motor is a six cylinder and provides 105 horsepower. [PAR] [PAR] 1934 Ford Phaeton [PAR] President Johnson used his 1934 Ford Phaeton touring car for hunting. It's equipped with a V8 Lincoln Zepher engine and a steel plate underneath to prevent damage when going over rough terrain. It was a maroon color with tan upholstery until 1962 when it was repainted red. A bar with running water is mounted on back of the front seat. V.I.P.\u2019s to ride in this car include Hubert Humphrey, Dean Rusk, and Robert McNamara. The car is believed to have been given to the President by Wesly West. [PAR] [PAR] Amphicar [PAR] Built in Germany from 1961 to 1968, the Amphicar is the only civilian amphibious passenger automobile ever to be mass produced. A total of 3,878 vehicles were produced in four colors: Beach White,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Flounder - Disney Wiki - Wikia Flounder | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cFlounder, you really are a guppy.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Ariel [PAR] Flounder is a supporting character from The Little Mermaid . He is Ariel 's best friend. Despite his name, he is not a flounder, but a tropical fish. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Personality [PAR] Flounder scares easily and is prone to panicking under stressful situations. However, when Ariel is in trouble, he comes through for her without hesitation. As seen in Ariel's Beginning, Flounder was not always jittery and nervous, in fact, Flounder was just as adventurous as Ariel. However, it can be concluded that after the first few adventures with Ariel, Flounder began to suffer from anxiety. [PAR] As mentioned above, despite his fear, Flounder will eventually come through for Ariel when needed, to the point where he's not only her closest friend, but her most loyal one, at that. Because of this, the two are nearly inseparable, and the bond is incredibly strong throughout the franchise, especially during episodes within the television series. Like Sebastian, though, even Flounder, at times, tires of Ariel's reckless behavior and expresses so when a dangerous adventure is at hand, but he willingly puts up with it not only to watch out for her but because he truly loves her, much to Ariel's relief and joy. Because of this, Ariel is rather protective of Flounder, and when in peril, she always puts his safety before her own, making her he's always the first to make it out safe, once again showing the connection between the two to be powerful, to say the least. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] The Little Mermaid [PAR] Flounder in the original film. [PAR] In the film, he is the only character to give unconditional support for Ariel 's fascination with human things, and at one point gives Ariel a statue of Eric as a gift. He is first seen after the performance, \" Daughters of Triton \" with Ariel after sneaking away. When Ariel confesses she is in love with Eric, she strikes a deal with an evil sea witch . Flounder joins Ariel in Eric's Kingdom as she tries to win his heart. [PAR] Because he can't survive above water, he is forced to only be able to get news from Scuttle or Sebastien nearby water. He was persistent in asking if they were kissing, showing how dearly he wanted Ariel to get her happy ending and how supportive he was. [PAR] Flounder joins Sebastian , Scuttle and other fish in the song \" Kiss the Girl \". Later, Flounder helps Ariel defeat Ursula who is planning to capture Ariel by battling Flotsam and Jetsam . When Ursula is killed, Flounder attends the wedding and gets a big good-bye kiss from Ariel as she and Eric enjoy their marriage. [PAR] The Little Mermaid: The Series [PAR] Flounder in the animated series. [PAR] Flounder appears in all the episodes of the prequel television series, sharing constant adventures with Ariel. He generally tries to serve as a voice of reason in comparison to Ariel's more adventurous nature, but usually goes along with her anyway. He is often seen giving rides to Sebastian, who cannot swim as fast as Flounder or Ariel. According to the television series, when Flounder's name called Guppy Number 35. In the episode \"Land of the Dinosaurs\", when he has been found frozen in an ice cube, Ariel thaws him with King Triton's trident and he gets a cold resulting in his sneezing. [PAR] The episode \"The Evil"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Natural Traditional Indian Attars ... - Essential Oils Perfume Oil - Supppliers of Attars, Perfume Fragrance Oil, Perfume Attar, Essential Perfume Oil [PAR] Home \u00bb Products \u00bb Natural Traditional Indian Attars/ Perfume Oil [PAR] Natural Traditional Indian Attars/ Perfume Oil [PAR] Attar is the name given to the fragrant oils made from the extracts of flowers, herbs, woods, etc.. It is the purest nonalcoholic fragrances and the most lasting perfumes in the world .The great land of India provides us with abundant sources of wonderful fragrances that can invoke deep feelings of joy, excitement and serenity within us all. Every soul is stirred by a variety of fragrances, may it be the fresh green note of the forest after a shower, the early morning scent of the earth, or the ever present odors of the magnifiscent flowers of India. Each of the fragrances are a work of art. Some blends mimic the naturally occuring fragrances such as Rose, Jasmine, or Sandalwood, while other fragrances are individual works of art, a beautiful creation of the perfumer. Our Indian Attars are absolutely divine! Immerse into the world of truly fine fragrances. [PAR] NATURAL INDIAN ATTARS A true attar is perfume oil made from flower petals distilled in water using low heat and pressure. Some attars also contain exotic woods, spices and resins. Over several weeks, the steam containing the fragrance oils is collected into a container of mild sandalwood oil. There, the oils blend together until the sandalwood is completely saturated with the fragrance of the flowers. In the art of perfumery, sandalwood oil is used as a 'base', or 'fixative'. It binds with the molecules of the fragrance oils and allows their subtleties to develop and last longer than if the flower oil was worn by itself. There is alchemy at work here! Like a fine wine, a true, sandalwood-based attar actually improves with age. You cannot find a more natural perfume than a true attar. [PAR] Organic Non Alcoholic Pure Natural Indian Attars [PAR] Product Code [PAR] Lawsonia Inermis [PAR] Non Alcoholic Indian Attars [PAR] We are one of those few internationally recognised organisations, which exclusively offer precious non-alcoholic attars and fragrances. Derived from the natural flowers, leaves, and roots etc., the variety of these attars are manufactured under high quality control and are 100% free from any kind of alcohol. [PAR] For the manufacture of high class perfumery and cosmetic products essential oils of the best quality are required all over the world. India is in the forefront in meeting these requirements to a very large extent. [PAR] Zafran, Shamama, Majmuha, Motia, Rajgir, chameli (Yasmin), sandal (Den El Sandal), Firdos, Nargis, Fancy Bouquet, Jantey Firdos, Kasturi [PAR] Bulk Attars, Fragrance Oils [PAR] We manufacture fragrance oils using 100% natural products like, essential oils, absolutes and extracts. Free from any synthetic chemicals, our fragrance oils are highly concentrated and safe to use. [PAR] The quality of the principal essential oils exported from India sandalwood oil, Lemongrass Oil, Palmarosa Oil and Vetiver Oil is now fully guaranteed under Agmark. [PAR] Natural Aromatic Oils [PAR] We are renowned manufacturer and exporter of pure natural aromatic oils. Having an experience of more than six decades, we have gained expertise in natural process of synthesizing these high quality oils, which are absolutely safe to be used for varied applications. [PAR] Agmark is the official symbol given by the Government of India to Agricultural and livestock commoditites which confirm to various grade standards laid down under the agrucltural produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937. In the case of Essential oils, these standards are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beetlejuice (1988) - IMDb Beetlejuice (1988) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A couple of recently deceased ghosts contract the services of a \"bio-exorcist\" in order to remove the obnoxious new owners of their house. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 29 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 03 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 14 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] Search for \" Beetlejuice \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 7 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The Dark Knight of Gotham City begins his war on crime with his first major enemy being the clownishly homicidal Joker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] When a corrupt businessman and the grotesque Penguin plot to take control of Gotham City, only Batman can stop them, while the Catwoman has her own agenda. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Ichabod Crane is sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigate the decapitations of 3 people with the culprit being the legendary apparition, the Headless Horseman. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Earth is invaded by Martians with unbeatable weapons and a cruel sense of humor. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Three former parapsychology professors set up shop as a unique ghost removal service. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] The infamous story of Benjamin Barker, AKA Sweeney Todd, who sets up a barber shop down in London which is the basis for a sinister partnership with his fellow tenant, Mrs. Lovett. Based on the hit Broadway musical. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] The discovery of a massive river of ectoplasm and a resurgence of spectral activity allows the staff of Ghostbusters to revive the business. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] A boy inadvertently breaks three important rules concerning his new pet and unleashes a horde of malevolently mischievous monsters on a small town. [PAR] Director: Joe Dante [PAR] The Gremlins are back, and this time, they've taken total control over the building of a media mogul. [PAR] Director: Joe Dante [PAR] An imprisoned vampire, Barnabas Collins, is set free and returns to his ancestral home, where his dysfunctional descendants are in need of his protection. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] An ambitious but troubled movie director tries his best to fulfill his dream, despite his lack of support. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Adam and Barbara are a normal couple...who happen to be dead. They have given their precious time to decorate their house and make it their own, but unfortunately a family is moving in, and not quietly. Adam and Barbara try to scare them out, but end up becoming the main attraction to the money making family. They call upon Beetlejuice to help, but Beetlejuice has more in mind than just helping. Written by simon [PAR] He's guaranteed to put some life, in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 159 Hotels Near Jet d'Eau Fountain in Geneva from $93 ... 172 Hotels Near Jet d'Eau Fountain in Geneva City Centre from $97/night | Expedia [PAR] PalExpo Hotels [PAR] Jet d'Eau Fountain, Geneva City Centre Hotel Information [PAR] Marvel at the sights, revel in the sounds, and soak up the local atmosphere: when you book a room at a Geneva City Centre hotel located near Jet d'Eau Fountain, you\u2019ll be in the center of it all. Hotels close to Jet d'Eau Fountain are known for their unbeatable locations and tourist-friendly amenities, and the range of must-stay hotels lets you customize your vacation to suit your needs. Find a hotel from $97 per night. [PAR] Browse Expedia\u2019s selection and check out the best most popular hotels close to Jet d'Eau Fountain for the world-class spas, sights, and restaurants sounds, or snatch up one of the cheap hotel deals near Jet d'Eau Fountain, if you\u2019re searching for an inexpensive eye opening retreat. You might even find some seasonal rates and discounts on the most highly rated accommodations right here on Expedia. Whether you\u2019re jetting off for business work or are traveling for pleasure, scoring a cheap deal on Jet d'Eau Fountain hotels in Geneva City Centre provides an incredible opportunity to discover the city and it's landmarks and monuments with cash to spare. [PAR] Now if you're really looking for a rush, consider checking out the hotels near the Super Bowl in February 2017."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord Mayor's Show - The Lord Mayor - City of London Click on the image to download the 2016 Lord Mayor's Show leaftet (4MB) [PAR] Beginning with the river procession and ending with the spectacular fireworks, the Show takes place every second Saturday in November. [PAR] Saturday 12 November 2016 [PAR] Over the centuries Lord Mayor's Show has become a City institution in its own right, representing all that the City of London is and aspires to be. Let's celebrate the new person in the role of Lord Mayor . [PAR] Each year the Show reinvents itself to attract a fresh audience while at the same time not losing sight of its heritage and tradition. The military, Livery and civic elements represent the spine of the procession; while charities, youth associations, overseas organisations and businesses bring the energy and dynamism that capture the essence of a truly global city. [PAR] Both these elements make the Show one of a kind: bringing together more than 7,000 people, 200 horses and more than 150 floats to make the three mile procession from Mansion House, past St Paul's Cathedral to the Royal Courts of Justice and back to Mansion House via Victoria Embankment. [PAR] Travel plans [PAR] The City has plenty of train, Tube and bus links so there's no need to use your car. But don't let your day be spoiled \u2013 for any changes to services before starting off, download the Lord Mayor's Show travel advice (46KB). You can also check with Transport for London . [PAR] Arrive early for a clear view [PAR] If you want a clear view of the Show as it passes by, especially if you have young children, get here early and pick your spot. Busiest parts are around St Paul's and Mansion House but Fleet Street, Victoria Embankment and Queen Victoria Street are often more manageable. Dedicated disabled persons' viewing areas are also available. No seating is provided, but folding chairs can be brought. [PAR] Best seats [PAR] Grandstands are located next to and opposite St Paul\u2019s Cathedral and give you a great view of the procession as it approaches St Paul\u2019s from New Change. So why not treat yourself and your family to the clearest views on this special occasion? Fully wheelchair accessible spaces are available. [PAR] The Lord Mayor's Show programme [PAR] The programme is always the best way to find out all you need to know about the Show. It illustrates the history behind the Show, the new person in the role of Lord Mayor and all those people and organisations taking part. Copies are available on the day throughout the entire route."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Roman Calendar - Time and Date AS The Roman Calendar [PAR] Home Calendar The Roman Calendar [PAR] The Roman Calendar [PAR] The ancient Roman calendar, or \u201cpre-Julian\u201d calendar, is believed to have been a lunar calendar. The calendar originally consisted of hollow months that were 29 days long or full months that had 30 days. [PAR] The Colosseum in Rome. [PAR] The Colosseum in Rome is one of the most famous ruins from the Roman era. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/matthewleesdixon [PAR] King Romulus [PAR] The original Roman calendar was said to be invented by Romulus, the first king of Rome, around 753 BCE . The calendar started the year in March (Martius) and consisted of 10 months, with 6 months of 30 days and 4 months of 31 days. The winter season was not assigned to any month, so the calendar year only lasted 304 days with 61 days unaccounted for in the winter. [PAR] Calendar of Romulus: [PAR] December - 30 Days [PAR] Calends, Nones, and Ides [PAR] Unlike the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the Roman calendar had a different system for numbering the days of the month. The months were divided into day markers that fell at the start of the month, the fifth or seventh day, and in the middle of the month. These 3 markers were called Calends, Nones and Ides. [PAR] Calends (Kalendae, Kalends) signify the start of the new moon cycle and was always the first day of the month. It is derived from the Greek word \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u201cto announce\u201d the days of the full and new moon. [PAR] Nones (Nonae) were known to be the days of the half moon which usually occur 8 days before the Ides. [PAR] Ides occurred on the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th day of the other months. They are thought to have been the days of the full moon. [PAR] Each day was referred to by how many days it fell before the Calends, Nones or Ides. For example, March 11 would be known as \u201cFive Ides\u201d to the Romans because it is four days before the Ides of March (March 15). [PAR] Adding January and February [PAR] The 304-day Roman calendar didn\u2019t work for long because it didn\u2019t align with the seasons. King Numa Pompilius reformed the calendar around 700 BCE by adding the months of January (Ianuarius) and February (Februarius) to the original 10 months, which increased the year's length to 354 or 355 days. [PAR] The addition of January and February meant that some of the months' names no longer agreed with their position in the calendar (September - December). The month Quintilis was renamed July in honor of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE and Sextilis was renamed August in honor of Augustus in 8 BCE. [PAR] The Intercalary Month [PAR] The Roman calendar was still flawed after adding January and February, as well as the days and months needed to keep the calendar in line with the seasons. Many attempts were made to align the calendar with the seasons but all failed. An extra month was added to the calendar in some years to make up for the lack of days in a year. [PAR] The insertion of the intercalary month was made by the pontifex maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs in ancient Rome. However this system was flawed because the Roman calendar year defined the term of office of elected officials, thus a pontifex maximus could control the length of the year depending on their political agenda. [PAR] When Julius Caesar"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marc Bolan - Rock Music Wiki - Wikia Marc Bolan | Rock Music Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [1] [2] Plaque marking Marc Bolan's childhood home, 25 Stoke Newington Common , Hackney . (November 2005) [PAR] Bolan grew up in post-war Stoke Newington, in the borough of Hackney , East London, the son of Phyllis Winifred (n\u00e9e Atkins) and Simeon Feld, a lorry driver. His father was of Jewish (Russian/Polish) and Irish origin and his mother was from a Christian background. [1 ] [2 ] [3 ] Later moving to Wimbledon , southwest London, he fell in love with the rock and roll of Gene Vincent , Eddie Cochran , Arthur Crudup and Chuck Berry and hung around coffee bars such as the 2 I's in Soho . He appeared as an extra in an episode of the television show Orlando , dressed as a mod. At the age of nine, Bolan was given his first guitar and began a skiffle band. While at school, he played guitar in \"Susie and the Hoops,\" a trio whose vocalist was a 12-year old Helen Shapiro . At 15, he was expelled from school for bad behaviour. [4 ] [PAR] He briefly joined a modelling agency and became a \"John Temple Boy\", appearing in a clothing catalogue for the menswear store. He was a model for the suits in their catalogues as well as for cardboard cut-outs to be displayed in shop windows. \"TOWN\" magazine featured him as an early example of the mod movement in a photo spread with two other models. In 1964, Mark met his first manager Geoffrey de-la-Roy Hall and recorded a track called 'All At Once' (a non-Feld penned song) of which was later released postumously by Danielz & Caron Willans in 2008 as a very limited edition 7\" vinyl, after the original 1/4\" tape recording was passed onto them by Mr Hall \u2013 this is now regarded as possibly the very first known track that the young Mark had put to professional studio tape. Mark Feld then changed his stage-name to Toby Tyler when he met and moved in with child actor Allan Warren , who was to become his second manager. This fortuitous encounter afforded Bolan a lifeline to the heart of show-business, as Warren saw Toby Tyler's potential whilst the latter spent hours sitting cross-legged on Warren's floor playing his acoustic guitar. A series of photographs was to be commissioned with photographer Michael McGrath, who later recalls that Bolan \"left no impression\" on him. [5 ] Warren also hired a recording studio and had Bolan's first acetates cut. One track was the Bob Dylan song \" Blowin' in the Wind \". A version of Betty Everett 's \"You're No Good\" was later submitted to EMI for a test screening but was turned down. [PAR] Warren later sold Bolan's contract and recordings for \u00a3200 to his landlord, property mogul David Kirch , in lieu of three months' back rent. Kirch was too busy with his property empire to do anything for him. A year or so later, Bolan's mother pushed into Kirch's office and shouted at him that he had done nothing for her son. She demanded he tear up the contract and willingly he complied. [6 ] [7 ] [8 ] The tapes produced during the Toby Tyler recording session vanished for over 25 years before resurfacing in 1991 and selling for nearly $8,000. Their eventual release on CD in 1993 made available some of the earliest of Marc's known recordings. [PAR] After changing his name again to Marc Bolan (via"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Halloween 2016 - Calendar Date Halloween 2017, 2018 - CalendarDate.com [PAR] Winter [PAR] Halloween 2017, 2018 [PAR] Halloween is celebrated yearly on October 31, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day. It is also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Day. [PAR] Celebration\\ Observance [PAR] Halloween is celebrated amongst family, friends, and local communities. Children dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating in their local neighborhood or community. Each house gives out candy or a \"treat\" to the child. If no treat is calendar, then a \"trick\" is imposed on the house, but no tricks are played out as it is all in good fun. Other activities include carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns, visiting haunted houses, attending costume parties, bobbing for apples, listening to scary music and watching horror films. [PAR] History [PAR] Halloween starts the triduum of Allhallowtide, the time dedicated in remembering the dead including the martyrs, saints (hallow), and departed believers. The traditional focus involves the use of humor and ridicule to deal with the power of death. All Hallows' Eve is influenced by Celtic harvest festivals as a Christian feast. Commercialization started in the 1900s with costumes appearing in the 1930s and 'trick-or-treating' in the 1950s. [PAR] Days till Halloween 2017"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Valentine's Day in the United States - timeanddate.com Valentine's Day in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Valentine's Day [PAR] Valentine's Day in the United States [PAR] Valentine's Day is celebrated on February 14. It is a festival of romantic love and many people give cards, letters, flowers or presents to their spouse or partner. They may also arrange a romantic meal in a restaurant or night in a hotel. Common symbols of Valentine's Day are hearts, red roses and Cupid. [PAR] Valentine's Day: one of the most romantic days of the year. [PAR] Valentine's Day: one of the most romantic days of the year. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Kais Tolmats [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Many people celebrate their love for their partner by sending cards or letters, giving gifts or flowers and arranging meals in restaurants or romantic nights in hotels. People who would like to have a romantic relationship with somebody may use the occasion to make this known, often anonymously. Valentine's cards are often decorated with images of hearts, red roses or Cupid. Common Valentine's Day gifts are flowers chocolates, candy, lingerie and champagne or sparkling wine. However, some people use the occasion to present lavish gifts, such as jewelry. Many restaurants and hotels have special offers at this time. These can include romantic meals or weekend breaks. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Valentine's Day is not a public holiday. Government offices, stores, schools and other organizations are open as usual. Public transit systems run on their regular schedule. Restaurants may be busier than usual as many people go out for an evening with their spouse or partner. Valentine's Day is also a very popular date for weddings. [PAR] Background [PAR] There are a number of Saints called Valentine who are honored on February 14. The day became associated with romantic love in the Middle Ages in England. This may have followed on from the Pagan fertility festivals that were held all over Europe as the winter came to an end. Traditionally, lovers exchanged hand written notes. Commercial cards became available in the mid nineteenth century. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] The most common Valentine's Day symbols are the heart, particularly in reds and pinks, and pictures or models of Cupid. Cupid is usually portrayed as a small winged figure with a bow and arrow. In mythology, he uses his arrow to strike the hearts of people. People who have fallen in love are sometimes said to be 'struck by Cupid's arrow. Other symbols of Valentine's Day are couples in loving embraces and the gifts of flowers, chocolate, red roses and lingerie that couples often give each other.[DOC] [TLE] What is the day of the week? - Bill Jefferys Home Page What is the day of the week? [PAR] AST 309-TIME [PAR] What is the day of the week, given any date? [PAR] This is really a nice trick. You can easily calculate the day of the week, given any date in history, and with a little practice you can even do it in your head. The method is based on one developed by John Horton Conway, and is described in Winning Ways, a book that he wrote with Berlekamp and Guy. It is described in Volume 2. [PAR] Part 1-Within a Given Year [PAR] The secret of the method is to have a way of knowing the day of the week for one day in each month of the year. Conway's method uses the fact that the following dates always fall on the same day of the week in any given year. They are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] December 1963 (Oh What a Night) by The Four Seasons December 1963 (Oh What a Night) by The Four Seasons Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] According to the co-writer and longtime group member Bob Gaudio, the song was originally set in 1933 with the title \"December 5th, 1933,\" and celebrated the repeal of Prohibition. Neither lead singer Frankie Valli nor co-writer (and later, Gaudio's wife) Judy Parker were thrilled about the lyrics (and Valli objected to parts of the melody) so Gaudio redid the words and Parker redid the melody until all were content with the finished product. It ended up being a nostalgic love song. [PAR] The group had to play down the sexual overtones in this song to appease conservative radio stations, but lead singer Frankie Valli later admitted that the song was \"about losing your cherry\" - a guy having sex for the first time. It's a similar theme to the Shirelles hit \" Will You Love Me Tomorrow .\" [PAR] The lead singer on the first verse is Four Seasons drummer Gerri Polci - Frankie Valli comes in on the second verse. As well as sharing the lead in \"December 1963,\" Polci was the lead singer on the group's third hit from the Who Loves You LP, \"Silver Star,\" which made #38 in the US. [PAR] Their fifth and final #1 hit in the US, this was the only Four Seasons recording to top the UK charts. [PAR] The Four Seasons had a series of hits from 1962-1968. In 1975, they returned to the charts with \" December 1963 (Oh What a Night) ,\" which hit #3 in the US. \"December 1963\" was the follow-up to that song. [PAR] A dance remix by the Dutch producer/DJ Ben Liebrand hit #14 US in 1994, introducing the song to a new generation. The remix stayed in the Top 40 for a stunning 20 weeks, and if combined with the 15 weeks the original spent on the chart, the song has had the longest stay on the Top 40. Valli, however, is not a fan of the new version. He told Billboard: \"I'll never like it better than when it was pure.\" [PAR] Liebrand remixed the song in 1988, but it was only released in Europe that year. In 1993 it was issued in the US, where it was rediscovered by those how heard it 18 years earlier and by a younger generation that was hearing it for the first time. The US single contains two radio edits (running 3:59 and 4:22) and an extended version for club play that runs 6:13. [PAR] When this hit US #1 in 1976, it made The Four Seasons the only artist in history to have #1 songs before (several), during (\"Rag Doll\") and after the Beatles. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Dan - Buffalo, NY [PAR] This was used in the 1994 movie Forrest Gump, and the song was re-released as part of the soundtrack. It once again entered the charts, and became the longest-running single in the Billboard US chart's history, with over 50 weeks total. [PAR] December 1963 was one of the less celebratory months in American history: President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963. [PAR] In 1976, the French pop star Claude Fran\u00e7ois recorded a translated version as \"Cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0,\" which means, \"That Year.\" The lyrics to his version were written by Eddy Marnay and set the song in 1962, with Fran\u00e7ois referencing his rise to fame. [PAR] In 2000, this version was interpolated by the French rapper Yannick as \"Ces soir\u00e9es-l\u00e0,\" which means \"These"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Burns ' Night in United Kingdom - Time and Date AS Burns Night in United Kingdom [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays United Kingdom Burns Night [PAR] Burns Night in United Kingdom [PAR] Burns Night is annually celebrated in Scotland on or around January 25. It commemorates the life of the bard (poet) Robert Burns, who was born on January 25, 1759. The day also celebrates Burns' contribution to Scottish culture. His best known work is Auld Lang Syne. [PAR] Haggis, neeps and tatties traditionally eaten in Scotland on Burns Night. [PAR] Haggis, neeps and tatties traditionally eaten in Scotland on Burns Night. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/StockCube [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Many people and organizations hold a Burns supper on or around Burns Night. These may be informal or formal, only for men, only for women, or for both genders. Formal events include toasts and readings of pieces written by Robert Burns. Ceremonies during a Burns Night supper vary according to the group organizing the event and the location. [PAR] The evening centers on the entrance of the haggis (a type of sausage prepared in a sheep's stomach) on a large platter to the sound of a piper playing bagpipes. When the haggis is on the table, the host reads the \"Address to a Haggis\". This is an ode that Robert Burns wrote to the Scottish dish. At the end of the reading, the haggis is ceremonially sliced into two pieces and the meal begins. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Burns Night is an observance but it is not a bank holiday in the United Kingdom. [PAR] Background [PAR] Robert Burns was born in Alloway, Scotland, on January 25, 1759. He died in Dumfries, Scotland, on July 21, 1796. He was a bard (poet) and wrote many poems, lyrics and other pieces that addressed political and civil issues. Perhaps his best known work is \"Auld Lang Syne\", which is sung at New Year's Eve celebrations in Scotland, parts of the United Kingdom, and other places around the world. Burns is one of Scotland's important cultural icons and is well known among Scottish expats or descendants around the world. He is also known as: \"Rabbie Burns\"; the \"Bard of Ayrshire\"; \"Scotland's favorite son\"; and in Scotland \"The Bard\". [PAR] Robert Burns acquaintances held the first Burns supper on July 21, the anniversary of his death, in Ayrshire, Scotland, in the late 1700s. The date was later changed to January 25, which marks his birthday. Burns suppers are now held by people and organizations with Scottish origins worldwide, particularly in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] The Scottish flag is often displayed at Burns Night celebrations. It is known as the Saltire and consists of a rectangular blue background with thick white bars on the diagonals. The diagonals form a cross that represents Saint Andrew , the patron saint of Scotland. [PAR] At Burns Night events, many men wear kilts and women may wear shawls, skirts or dresses made from their family tartan. A tartan was originally a woolen cloth with a distinctive pattern made by using colors of weft and warp when weaving. Particular patterns and combinations of colors were associated with different areas, clans and families. Tartan patterns are now printed on various materials. [PAR] Many types of food are associated with Burns Night. These include: cock-a-leekie soup (chicken and leek soup); haggis; neeps (mashed turnips or swedes) and tatties (mashed potatoes); cranachan (whipped cream mixed with raspberries and served with sweet oat wafers); and bannocks (a kind of bread cooked on a griddle). Whisky is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pearl gemstone meaning - Gem stone and crystal healing ... Pearl gemstone meaning [PAR] Pearl Pendants and Necklaces [PAR] Pearl gemstone meaning [PAR] The pearl is the oldest known gem, and for many centuries it was considered the most valuable. Unlike all gems, the pearl is organic matter derived from a living creature - oysters and mollusks. [PAR] There is much folklore and tradition about the pearl. In fact so much history accompanies this stone that five months claim it as a birthstone - February, April, June (traditional), July and November. [PAR] The pearl is an astral stone for the signs Gemini and Cancer, and astrologers link it to the moon. It was said in some early cultures that the pearl was born when a single drop of rain fell from the heavens and became the heart of the oyster. Pearls have been called the 'teardrops of the moon'. Some believe that pearls were formed by the passage of angels through the clouds of heaven. [PAR] Over time, the pearl has become the symbol of purity and innocence and it is often sewn into bridal gowns, or worn as jewelry by the bride."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2016 game shooting seasons 2016 game shooting seasons [PAR] Here is our list of open seasons when you can go out into the field. (All dates are inclusive.) [PAR] Red Grouse [PAR] England and Wales: Aug 12- Dec 10 [PAR] Scotland: Aug 12- Dec 10 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Aug 12- Nov 30 [PAR] Common Snipe [PAR] England and Wales: Aug 12- Jan 31 [PAR] Scotland: Aug 12- Jan 31 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Grey partridge [PAR] England and Wales: Sep 1 \u2013 Feb 1 [PAR] Scotland: Sep 1 \u2013 Feb 1 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Red legged partridge [PAR] England and Wales: Sep 1 \u2013 Feb 1 [PAR] Scotland: Sep 1 \u2013 Feb 1 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Duck & Goose [PAR] England and Wales inland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] England and Wales below high water mark: Sep 1 \u2013 Feb 20 [PAR] Scotland inland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Scotland below high water mark: Sep 1 \u2013 Feb 20 [PAR] Northern Ireland inland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Northern Ireland below high water mark: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Golden plover [PAR] England and Wales: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Scotland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Coot [PAR] England and Wales: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Scotland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Protected [PAR] England and Wales: Oct 1 \u2013 Feb 1 [PAR] Scotland: Oct 1 \u2013 Feb 1 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Oct 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Isle of Man: Oct 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Woodcock* [PAR] England and Wales: Oct 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Scotland: Sep 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Northern Ireland: Oct 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] Isle of Man: Oct 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] *In 2015 advice from the GWCT was to avoid shooting until the first full moon in November to allow wintering woodcock to arrive. Some shoots will ask you not to shoot woodcock at all. [PAR] No shooting on Sundays [PAR] Curlew are protected in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland [PAR] Jack Snipe are protected in England, Scotland, Wales but have an open season in Northern Ireland Sept 1 \u2013 Jan 31 [PAR] No game may be killed or taken in any county in England and Wales on Sunday or Christmas Day. This applies to pheasant, partridge, red grouse and black grouse. [PAR] Orders prohibiting the shooting of wildfowl on Sundays still exist in almost 20 counties in England and Wales [PAR] The information above is correct at the time of writing but we would also advise a look at the Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT) website to check for further notes. [PAR] Working Dog Insurance [PAR] Insure your dog from only \u00a37.08/month [PAR] An A-Z of shooting terminology[DOC] [TLE] Grouse shooting season - Telegraph Grouse shooting season - Telegraph [PAR] Features [PAR] Grouse shooting season [PAR] Grouse-shooters have been looking forward to mid-August with bridal excitement since the Game Act of 1831 made it illegal to shoot out of season. Iain Hollingshead is invited along. [PAR] Grouse shooting - keeping rich, retired people out of mischief Photo: Guzelian Lorne Campbell [PAR] By Iain Hollingshead [PAR] Comments [PAR] When a friend of mine who was getting married on August 12 went to stay with the best man\u2019s family just before his wedding, the father, a traditional sort, put him and his fianc\u00e9e in separate bedrooms. \u201cThere will be no shooting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RMS Titanic hits iceberg - Apr 14, 1912 - HISTORY.com RMS Titanic hits iceberg - Apr 14, 1912 - HISTORY.com [PAR] RMS Titanic hits iceberg [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Just before midnight in the North Atlantic, the RMS Titanic fails to divert its course from an iceberg, ruptures its hull, and begins to sink. [PAR] Four days earlier, the Titanic, one of the largest and most luxurious ocean liners ever built, departed Southampton, England, on its maiden voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. While leaving port, the massive ship came within a couple of feet of the steamer New York but passed safely by, causing a general sigh of relief from the passengers massed on the ship\u2019s decks. [PAR] The Titanic was designed by the Irish shipbuilder William Pirrie and spanned 883 feet from stern to bow. Its hull was divided into 16 compartments that were presumed to be watertight. Because four of these compartments could be flooded without causing a critical loss of buoyancy, the Titanic was considered unsinkable. On its first journey across the highly competitive Atlantic ferry route, the ship carried some 2,200 passengers and crew. [PAR] After stopping at Cherbourg, France, and Queenstown, Ireland, to pick up some final passengers, the massive vessel set out at full speed for New York City. However, just before midnight on April 14, the ship hit an iceberg, and five of the Titanic\u2018s compartments were ruptured along its starboard side. At about 2:20 a.m. on the morning of April 15, the massive vessel sank into the North Atlantic. [PAR] Because of a shortage of lifeboats and the lack of satisfactory emergency procedures, more than 1,500 people went down in the sinking ship or froze to death in the icy North Atlantic waters. Most of the approximately 700 survivors were women and children. A number of notable American and British citizens died in the tragedy, including the noted British journalist William Thomas Stead and heirs to the Straus, Astor, and Guggenheim fortunes. The announcement of details of the disaster led to outrage on both sides of the Atlantic. The sinking of the Titanic did have some positive effects, however, as more stringent safety regulations were adopted on public ships, and regular patrols were initiated to trace the locations of deadly Atlantic icebergs. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] What Year Did the Titanic Sink? - Titanic Universe What Year Did the Titanic Sink? [PAR] Contact [PAR] What Year Did the Titanic Sink? [PAR] Built to be the largest passenger vessel in the world and the most luxurious, the Titanic was a marvel of modern engineering. The vessel was fitted with five watertight rooms below the deck designed to keep the Titanic afloat even after collision. Many individuals boarded the Titanic before its maiden voyage with the utmost confidence that they had nothing to worry about. [PAR] During the maiden voyage, the British RMS Titanic hit an iceberg in off the coast of Newfoundland in the North Atlantic Ocean. The impact happened around 12pm on April 14, 1912 and ships began receiving distress signals at about 12:15pm that same night. Among the ships that received the distress signals were the Titanic sister ship the Olympic and the Carpathia. The Carpathia was the closest ship to the sinking Titanic, but it was still 4 hours away. It took the Titanic over two hours to fully sink into the ocean and the final part of the ship went under at 2:20am on the morning of April 15, 1912. The Carpathia vessel ended up arriving two hours after the Titanic had already sunk. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] H.E. Bates (Author of The Darling Buds Of May) H.E. Bates (Author of The Darling Buds Of May) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Herbert Ernest Bates, CBE is widely recognised as one of the finest short story writers of his generation, with more than 20 story collections published in his lifetime. It should not be overlooked, however, that he also wrote some outstanding novels, starting with The Two Sisters through to A Moment in Time, with such works as Love For Lydia, Fair Stood the Wind for France and The Scarlet Sword earning high praise from the critics. His study of the Modern Short Story is considered one of the best ever written on the subject. [PAR] He was born in Rushden, Northamptonshire and was educated at Kettering Grammar School. After leaving school, he was briefly a newspaper reporter and a warehouse clerk, but his heart was always in writing and his dream t Herbert Ernest Bates, CBE is widely recognised as one of the finest short story writers of his generation, with more than 20 story collections published in his lifetime. It should not be overlooked, however, that he also wrote some outstanding novels, starting with The Two Sisters through to A Moment in Time, with such works as Love For Lydia, Fair Stood the Wind for France and The Scarlet Sword earning high praise from the critics. His study of the Modern Short Story is considered one of the best ever written on the subject. [PAR] He was born in Rushden, Northamptonshire and was educated at Kettering Grammar School. After leaving school, he was briefly a newspaper reporter and a warehouse clerk, but his heart was always in writing and his dream to be able to make a living by his pen. [PAR] Many of his stories depict life in the rural Midlands of England, particularly his native Northamptonshire. Bates was partial to taking long midnight walks around the Northamptonshire countryside - and this often provided the inspiration for his stories. Bates was a great lover of the countryside and its people and this is exemplified in two volumes of essays entitled Through the Woods and Down the River. [PAR] In 1931, he married Madge Cox, his sweetheart from the next road in his native Rushden. They moved to the village of Little Chart in Kent and bought an old granary and this together with an acre of garden they converted into a home. It was in this phase of his life that he found the inspiration for the Larkins series of novels -The Darling Buds of May, A Breath of French Air, When the Green Woods Laugh, etc. - and the Uncle Silas tales. Not surprisingly, these highly successful novels inspired television series that were immensely popular. [PAR] His collection of stories written while serving in the RAF during World War II, best known by the title The Stories of Flying Officer X, but previously published as Something in the Air (a compilation of his two wartime collections under the pseudonym 'Flying Officer X' and titled The Greatest People in the World and How Sleep the Brave), deserve particular attention. By the end of the war he had achieved the rank of Squadron Leader. [PAR] Bates was influenced by Chekhov in particular, and his knowledge of the history of the short story is obvious from the famous study he produced on the subject. He also wrote his autobiography in three volumes (each delightfully illustrated) which were subsequently published in a one-volume Autobiography. [PAR] Bates was a keen and knowledgeable gardener and wrote numerous books on flowers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elizabeth I (1533\u20131603) - Encyclopedia Virginia Elizabeth I (1533\u20131603) [PAR] Elizabeth I (1533\u20131603) [PAR] Contributed by Mary Hill Cole [PAR] Elizabeth I was queen of England from 1558 to 1603, and Virginia was named in honor of her. Daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth Tudor became queen at the death of her married but childless half-sister Mary I. Elizabeth remained single, and her image as the \"virgin queen\" permeated the arts and politics of her reign, even as she used the possibility of marriage to shape foreign policy. Her reign saw the establishment of the Protestant Church of England in a form that has lasted for centuries. She faced a rebellion and plots in favor of her Catholic cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots, whose flight to England and claims to its throne caused Elizabeth first to imprison and then to execute her. Elizabeth oversaw her navy's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, a victory that marked a high point of English protestant and nationalistic fervor. In the 1580s, she encouraged Sir Walter Raleigh 's ventures to the New World, and even though his colonies at Roanoke failed, their brief existence enabled the English explorers to claim much of the eastern coast of North America as \"Virginia.\" Elizabeth's love and patronage of plays, pageants, literature, and the fine arts was at the heart of the English Renaissance. Elizabeth was famous for her linguistic skills, sharp wit and temper, educated mind, frugality, and political caution. In her speeches, civic processions, and travels around the kingdom, she cultivated her popularity with her subjects. Elizabeth died in 1603 and was succeeded by her cousin James VI of Scotland. MORE... [PAR] In This Entry [PAR] [PAR] Early Years [PAR] On September 7, 1533, Elizabeth Tudor was born a disappointment to all. Her mother, Anne Boleyn, had retired to Greenwich Palace to give birth, confident in her future as the mother of England's next king. Her optimistic father, Henry VIII, had shrugged off papal authority and become Supreme Head of a national church in large part because he wanted a legitimate male heir. The Catholic supporters of Henry's popular, but now discarded, first wife, Catherine of Aragon, saw the punishing hand of God in the arrival of another royal bastard; Protestant reformers joined the royal parents in hoping that the next child would be a healthy boy who would solidify the dynasty and new Church of England. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth [PAR] Named for her paternal grandmother, Elizabeth spent her early years away from her parents in a separate household shared with her elder half-sister, Mary Tudor. Under the tutelage of the humanist scholar Roger Ascham, Elizabeth read philosophy and theology and learned Latin, French, Italian, and Greek, intellectual pursuits that complemented her domestic skills in embroidery, dancing, and playing the virginals (an early harpsichord). After Edward VI became king at the death of their father in 1547, she maintained cordial relations with her half-brother, whose Protestant views she shared. But during Mary's five years as England's first ruling queen, from 1553 to 1558, Elizabeth's life was often at risk. The 1554 revolt led by Sir Thomas Wyatt against Mary's Catholicism and her new Spanish husband, Philip of Spain (later King Philip II), resulted in Elizabeth's imprisonment in the Tower of London and then house arrest for her supposed participation in the plot. However, her strategies of politic silence, nominal religious conformity, convenient illnesses, and letters of loyalty enabled the vulnerable Elizabeth to survive and ascend the throne when Mary died childless on November 17, 1558. [PAR] Queen [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St David's Day 2016: everything you need to know about ... St David's Day 2016: everything you need to know about Wales' patron saint - Telegraph [PAR] Wales [PAR] St David's Day 2016: everything you need to know about Wales' patron saint [PAR] March 1st is when people around the world celebrate the patron saint of Wales, but what do we know about the man and why do we remember him? [PAR] 8:30AM GMT 02 Mar 2016 [PAR] When is St Davids Day? [PAR] St David's Day is celebrated annually on March 1st. It is the day when the people of Wales celebrate their patron saint, St David. [PAR] St David's Day is held on March 1st every year Photo: Getty Images [PAR] Maj. Tim Peake sends a St David's Day message from the International Space Station! [PAR] More St David's Day messages [PAR] Happy #StDavidsDay to you all - a great day to celebrate all things Welsh. We have much to be very proud of https://t.co/vCO9jFC6iw [PAR] \u2014 Carwyn Jones (@fmwales) March 1, 2016 [PAR] Happy #StDavidsDay to all my compatriots around the world. A big day for me 51 years ago. #ItsNotUnusual pic.twitter.com/MowfJfU0kd [PAR] \u2014 Tom Jones (@RealSirTomJones) March 1, 2016 [PAR] This #StDavidsDay there are unconfirmed reports of a #Welsh dragon over Heathrow. Have you seen it? pic.twitter.com/thuIb8dEuL [PAR] \u2014 Heathrow Airport (@HeathrowAirport) March 1, 2016 [PAR] Happy St David's Day :)) [PAR] \u2014 Peter Andre (@MrPeterAndre) March 1, 2016 [PAR] Dydd Gwyl Dewi hapus iawn i chi gyd. Happy St Davids day to you all my fellow Welshies. Wherever u are in the World never forget your Welsh [PAR] \u2014 Nigel Owens (@Nigelrefowens) March 1, 2016 [PAR] Happy St Davids day! Us @WelshRugbyUnion lads are listening to a mixture of @Manics @stereophonics and @kenctsowens signing this morning [PAR] \u2014 England Rugby (@EnglandRugby) March 1, 2016 [PAR] Who was St David? Was he Welsh? [PAR] St David is the patron saint of Wales and also of doves. Also known as Dewi Sant in Welsh, he was born in Caerfai in Pembrokshire, Wales to Sant, a prince of Cardigan, and St Non, the daughter of a chieftain in around 500 AD. He was recognised as a national patron saint at the height of Welsh resistance to the Normans. [PAR] St David studied under St Paulinus in Cardigan, before he went on pilgrimages, travelling to Wales, Cornwall, Britanny, Ireland and Jerusalem, where he was made an archbishop. [PAR] He helped to spread the word of Christianity, and he founded around 12 monastaries in his lifetime. He also helped to suppress Pelegrian heresy, where people believed that original sin did not taint human nature and people are capable of choosing good or evil without divine aid. [PAR] Monastaries founded by him were known for their extreme asceticism, where monks abstained from worldly pleasures, living on a diet of bread, vegetables, water and milk. [PAR] They also did all hard labour themselves, including farming without the aid of ox to plow the fields. [PAR] While little is known about St David's life, he is known for performing miracles. His most famous miracle was when he was preaching to a large crowd at the Synod of Brefi and raised the ground beneath him into a hill so his sermon could be heard by all. [PAR] St David also lived after eating bread poisoned by monks at his monastary who tired of their life of austerity, and restored the sight of his tutor, St Paulinus. [PAR] In medieval times, St David was thought to be the nephew of King Arthur. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Nicholas Center ::: Around the World St. Nicholas Center ::: Around the World [PAR] celebrates St. Nicholas [PAR] in Haarlem, NL! [PAR] In many places St. Nicholas is the main gift giver. His feast day , St. Nicholas Day , is December 6, which falls early in the Advent season. Some places he arrives in the middle of November and moves about the countryside, visiting schools and homes to find out if children have been good. Other places he comes in the night and finds carrots and hay for his horse or donkey along with children's wish lists. Small treats are left in shoes or stockings so the children will know he has come. [PAR] Where St. Nicholas is prominent, his day, not Christmas, is the primary gift giving day. Parties may be held on the eve, December 5th, and shoes or stockings left for St. Nicholas to fill during the night. Children will find treats of small gifts, fruit or nuts, and special Nicholas candies and cookies. St. Nicholas gifts are meant to be shared, not hoarded for oneself. [PAR] Customs Around the World [PAR] United States [PAR] American Santa Claus became a symbol of generosity following World War II as American troops, dressed as Santa, gave food and toys to children in war-torn Europe. This happened first in Britain, Italy, France, the Netherlands, and eventually in Germany and Japan. For many it was the first time they were exposed to American Santa Claus, thus making him far both more visible than he had been before the war, and associating him with good things in children's minds. Santa's presence with US servicemen has continued in all the wars of the 20th century and into the 21st. This prominence has contributed to the demise of traditional gift-givers in many places, including even his own precursor, St. Nicholas. As Gerry Bowler states, \"A French sociologist has said that Santa Claus came to Europe in the suitcase of the Marshall Plan .\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wimbledon - Tennis Topics - ESPN Wimbledon - Tennis Topics - ESPN [PAR] Past Winners [PAR] The Championships, Wimbledon, is an annual tennis tournament held each year in London. Wimbledon is the oldest tennis championship in the world and is considered by many the most prestigious, as well. It is one of the four Grand Slam tournaments -- the third in the calendar year -- and the only Grand Slam event held on grass. [PAR] Wimbledon takes place each summer in June and July at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London. The tournament has garnered fame both for its exceptional tennis and its well-known traditions, such as the serving of strawberries and cream and Pimm's and lemonade. [PAR] Wimbledon hosts championships for men's and women's singles and doubles, as well as mixed doubles. The tournament also has junior and invitational events during its two-week span. [PAR] The Wimbledon Championships began in 1877, when the All England Club, founded solely as a croquet club, embraced the fast-growing sport of lawn tennis. The club decided to host a championship and, before it could do so, put together a set of rules and regulations for the sport (which are very similar to those used today). [PAR] In 1877, the first year of the Lawn Tennis Championship, the club hosted only a gentlemen's singles competition. The first winner was Spencer Gore, who beat out a 22-man field. About 200 spectators attended the tournament. The tournament was considered a success, and it became an annual event. From the formation of the event until 1922, the previous year's champion received a bye into the final round, resulting in multiple repeat winners in the tournament's first few decades. [PAR] Seven years after the first tournament, women were invited to play for the first time. Maud Watson was the first champion of that 1884 ladies' singles competition, winning out of a field of 13. Gentlemen's doubles were introduced in the same year, after the Oxford University club ended its doubles championship in 1883. [PAR] Tennis was beginning to grow in popularity as a spectator sport. The growth of the sport and of the Wimbledon Championships was owed partly to the success of William and Ernest Renshaw, British twins who combined for 13 singles and doubles titles in eight years between 1881 and 1889. That period of surging interest among London spectators became known as the \"Renshaw Rush.\" [PAR] By 1900, Wimbledon was of international interest. In 1905, the Championships had its first overseas titleholder: American May Sutton, who won the ladies' singles. Two years later (as Sutton won her second title), Australian Norman Brookes won the men's singles competition, becoming the first men's international winner. Since that year, only two British men have won the men's singles event. [PAR] After play was interrupted during World War I, the tournament moved into a new home when the club built much larger grounds on Church Road across town in Wimbledon. The centerpiece of that stadium, the current Centre Court, held 14,000 spectators and did wonders in expanding the tournament's prestige and popularity. [PAR] Wimbledon continued to thrive after its move and hosted some of the world's best tennis players until it was put on hold once again during World War II. Soldiers nearby used the grounds for training and military functions, and Centre Court was hit by a bomb and suffered huge losses of seats. Some tennis was hosted in 1945, on No. 1 Court, but the Championships did not return until 1946. [PAR] As Wimbledon became more and more international, the tournament was overrun by talented"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical Elements.com - Barium (Ba) Chemical Elements.com - Barium (Ba) [PAR] Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Barium. [PAR] <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ba.html>. [PAR] For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . [PAR] This page was created by Yinon Bentor. [PAR] Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Barium \u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Barium\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] Image adapted with permission from Prof James Marshall 's (U. North Texas, USA) Walking Tour of the elements CD. [PAR] Barium: historical information [PAR] Barium was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808 at England. Origin of name : from the Greek word \"barys\" meaning \"heavy\". [PAR] Baryta (barium oxide, BaO) was distinguished from lime (calcium oxide, CaO) by Scheele in 1774. Elemental barium was isolated by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808 who electrolysed molten baryta. [PAR] Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for barium is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] [PAR] Barium around us [PAR] Read more \u00bb [PAR] Barium has no biological role. The British Pharmaceutical Codex from 1907 indicates that barium chloride [\"barii chloridum\", BaCl2.2H2O] has a stimulant action on the heart and other muscles. It was said that it \"raises blood pressure by constricting the vessels and tends to empty the intestines, bladder, and gall bladder\". Its poisonous nature was also pointed out. Barium sulphide (BaS) was used as a depilatory agent (removes hair). Barium sulphate (BaSO4) is insoluble and used for body imaging (barium meal). [PAR] Elemental barium is never found in nature. Barium mainly is found in the ores barite and to a lesser extent in witherite. [PAR] Abundances for barium in a number of different environments. More abundance data \u00bb [PAR] Location [PAR] Second ionisation energy : 965.2 kJ mol\u20111 [PAR] Isolation [PAR] Isolation : barium metal is available commercially and there is normally no need to make it in the laboratory. Commercially, it is made on small scale by the electrolysis of molten barium chloride, BaCl2. [PAR] cathode: Ba2+(l) + 2e- \u2192 Ba [PAR] anode: Cl-(l) \u2192 1/2Cl2 (g) + e- [PAR] Barium metal can also be islated from the reduction of barium oxide, BaO, with aluminium. [PAR] 6BaO + 2Al\u2192 3Ba + Ba3Al2O6 [PAR] Read more \u00bb [PAR] Barium isotopes are used in a wide variety of fields and applications. Ba-130 is used in the production of Ba-131/Cs-131 which is used in brachytherapy (seeds). Ba-132 can be used for the production of Ba-133 which is used as a gamma reference source. Ba-134 has been used to perform experiments in the field of nuclear physics. Ba-136 has been used to study photon scattering phenomena."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bill: ITV drops police drama after 27 years | Media ... The Bill: ITV drops police drama after 27 years | Media | The Guardian [PAR] ITV plc [PAR] The Bill: ITV drops police drama after 27 years [PAR] Long-running show The Bill to be axed by ITV in autumn after revamp and switch to new 9pm slot fail to revive ratings [PAR] Friday 26 March 2010 06.23 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 26 March 2010 06.23 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 6 years old [PAR] The Bill , one of the UK's longest-running TV dramas, is to be dropped by ITV in the autumn after 27 years, MediaGuardian.co.uk can reveal. [PAR] ITV has taken the decision to axe the police drama after last year's revamp and switch to a new 9pm slot failed to halt a long-term ratings decline. [PAR] The Bill was moved last year from being aired twice a week at 8pm on ITV1 to a single slot on Thursdays at 9pm. The show's storylines were tweaked to take account of the new post-watershed slot. [PAR] However, ratings for the show have failed to pick up. In 2002 the show averaged more that 7 million viewers, while more recently audiences been about 3.5 million. [PAR] ITV's decision puts jobs at risk in The Bill's 90-strong production team, which is based in Merton, south London. Talkback Thames, the independent producer which makes the show, said that it would now enter a consultation process with staff that work on The Bill and was expecting a \"significant number of redundancies\". [PAR] The broadcaster said that the decision to drop the series was made as part of a creative rethink of its drama schedule, which has seen the development of popular short run shows such as Collision and Above Suspicion, and not on cost-cutting grounds. [PAR] ITV intends to use the multimillion-pound saving from axing The Bill to create shorter run drama series for the 9pm slot with projects in the works including a new medical series with writer Peter Bowker and a new series from Collision and Foyle's War writer Anthony Horowitz. [PAR] \"The Bill has been a fixture on our screens for more than 25 years and has been the home of some of the UK's best serial drama storylines, and a great showcase for terrific scriptwriting and fine acting talent,\" said Peter Fincham, the ITV director of television, channels and online. [PAR] \"But times change, and so do the tastes of our audience. Whilst The Bill will come to an end in 2010, we will continue to invest more in drama programming than any other commercial broadcaster in the UK and viewers can look forward to a wide range of high quality drama on ITV1.\" [PAR] In the current economic climate the chances of The Bill being picked up by another broadcaster seems slim, with one source describing the costly show as \"a victim of circumstance\". After a quarter of a century on ITV, a rival broadcaster would also find it difficult to \"own\" the show. [PAR] \"We are devastated that after 26 successful years on ITV, The Bill will be coming to an end,\" said Lorraine Heggessey, chief executive of Talkback Thames. \"Regrettably, we anticipate that this may result in a significant number of redundancies. We are entering into a period of consultation with employees at The Bill where this will be discussed further. [PAR] \"We are incredibly proud of what the show has achieved. It is a credit to everyone who has worked on The Bill that the series will"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (Gerald Thomas, 1966 ... Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (Gerald Thomas, 1966) - Trailer - YouTube [PAR] Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (Gerald Thomas, 1966) - Trailer [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 20, 2014 [PAR] Don't Lose Your Head is the thirteenth in the series of Carry On films to be made (and one of only two not to have \"Carry On\" in the original title). It features regular team members Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Jim Dale, Charles Hawtrey and Joan Sims. French actress Dany Robin makes her only Carry on appearance in Don't Lose Your Head. It was released in 1966. Set in France and England in 1789 during the French revolution, it is a parody of Baroness Orczy's The Scarlet Pimpernel. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (Gerald Thomas, 1966) - Trailer Instant Video Play: Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (Gerald Thomas, 1966) - Trailer [PAR] Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (Gerald Thomas, 1966) - Trailer [PAR] Details [PAR] Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (Gerald Thomas, 1966) - Trailer [PAR] Don't Lose Your Head is the thirteenth in the series of Carry On films to be made (and one of only two not to have \"Carry On\" in the original title). It features regular team members Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Jim Dale, Charles Hawtrey and Joan Sims. French actress Dany Robin makes her only Carry on appearance in Don't Lose Your Head. It was released in 1966. Set in France and England in 1789 during the French revolution, it is a parody of Baroness Orczy's The Scarlet Pimpernel."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Encyclopedia Borglum, Gutzon - Fact Monster Borglum, Gutzon [PAR] Encyclopedia > People > Literature and the Arts > American and Canadian Art: Biographies [PAR] Gutzon Borglum [PAR] Borglum, Gutzon (John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum)g\u016dt\u02c8s\u0259n d\u0115 l\u02c8\u0259 m\u00e4t b\u00f4r\u02c8gl\u0259m, 1867\u20131941, American sculptor, b. Idaho; son of a Danish immigrant physician and rancher. He studied at the San Francisco Art Academy and in Paris at Julian's academy and the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. His first commission after his return to New York in 1901 was the statue of Lincoln that stands in the rotunda of the Capitol, Washington, D.C. Other works of his earlier period include another figure of Lincoln (Newark), a statue of Henry Ward Beecher (Brooklyn), Mares of Diomedes (Metropolitan Mus.), and figures of the apostles created for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York City. [PAR] Borglum is most famous, however, for his monumental works. He designed the first of these, a Confederate memorial on Stone Mt., Ga., and began carving it in 1916. The work was interrupted by World War I but was resumed in 1924. As the result of an acrimonious controversy with the Stone Mountain Memorial Association, he ceased working and destroyed his models. Moving to South Dakota, Borglum began work on the gigantic Mount Rushmore National Memorial in 1927. One of the largest sculptural projects in existence, the memorial was also a great engineering feat. Borglum had nearly finished the 60-ft (18.3-m) heads of the four presidents (Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt) when he died. Plans for an even more ambitious composition were abandoned and the work was finished (1941) by his son Lincoln. Borglum was a man of tremendous vitality and decided opinions that led him into frequent confrontations. His brother Solon Hannibal Borglum, 1868\u20131922, was also a sculptor, noted especially for his portrayal of horses, cattle, Native Americans, and cowboys. [PAR] See R. J. Casey and M. Borglum, Give the Man Room: the Story of Gutzon Borglum (1952); W. Price, Gutzon Borglum, Artist and Patriot (1961); A. M. Davies, Solon H. Borglum (1974); J. Taliaferro, Great White Fathers: The Story of the Obsessive Quest to Create Mount Rushmore (2002). [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Naked Civil Servant (Penguin Twentieth-Century ... The Naked Civil Servant (Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics): Quentin Crisp, Michael Holroyd: 9780141180533: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] The Naked Civil Servant (Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics) [PAR] One of these items ships sooner than the other. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:The Naked Civil Servant (Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics) by Quentin Crisp Paperback $13.98 [PAR] Only 20 left in stock (more on the way). [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details [PAR] Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic by Alison Bechdel Paperback $8.90 [PAR] In Stock. [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] From Library Journal [PAR] Published at the height of the sexual revolution?1968, to be exact?Crisp's memoir flaunting his homosexuality nonetheless raised plenty of eyebrows, even though he had been completely open about it for more than 30 years. Though quite humorous, the book is still sensitive to the feelings of anyone looking for acceptance for any reason. [PAR] Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc. [PAR] Read more [PAR] From the Back Cover [PAR] \"As soon as I stepped out of my mother's womb...I realized that I had made a mistake\", Quentin Crisp declares, giving a small hint of the witty and wry approach he takes toward the life he describes with uninhibited exuberance in this classic autobiography, which is both a comic masterpiece and a unique testament to the resilience of the human spirit. Crisp not only came out as a gay man in 1931, when the slightest sign of homosexuality shocked public sensibilities, but he did so with grand and provocative flamboyance, determined to spread the message that homosexuality did not exclude him or anyone else from the human race. His hilarious descriptions of encounters with parents, friends, employers, soldiers and sailors, and the law reveal the strength and humor of an honest man, determined to face the world with the uncensored, unapologetic truth about himself."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dubya Nickname - NNDB Dubya Nickname [PAR] Dubya Nickname [PAR] Nicknames granted by President George W. Bush . [PAR] Name [PAR] Requires Flash 7+ and Javascript. [PAR] Bibliographies [PAR] NNDB has added thousands of bibliographies for people, organizations, schools, and general topics, listing more than 50,000 books and 120,000 other kinds of references. They may be accessed by the \"Bibliography\" tab at the top of most pages, or via the \"Related Topics\" box in the sidebar. Please feel free to suggest books that might be critical omissions.[DOC] [TLE] President George W. Bush - The White House | whitehouse.gov George W. Bush | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] George W. Bush [PAR] George W. Bush, America's 43rd President (2001-2009), was transformed into a wartime President in the aftermath of the airborne terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, facing the \"greatest challenge of any President since Abraham Lincoln.\" [PAR] The airborne terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the thwarted flight against the White House or Capitol on September 11, 2001, in which nearly 3,000 Americans were killed, transformed George W. Bush into a wartime president. The attacks put on hold many of Bush\u2019s hopes and plans, and Bush\u2019s father, George Bush, the 41st president , declared that his son \u201cfaced the greatest challenge of any president since Abraham Lincoln.\u201d [PAR] In response, Bush formed a new cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security, sent American forces into Afghanistan to break up the Taliban, a movement under Osama bin Laden that trained financed and exported terrorist teams. The Taliban was successfully disrupted but Bin Laden was not captured and was still on the loose as Bush began his second term. Following the attacks, the president also recast the nation\u2019s intelligence gathering and analysis services, and ordered reform of the military forces to meet the new enemy. At the same time he delivered major tax cuts which had been a campaign pledge. His most controversial act was the invasion of Iraq on the belief that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein posed a grave threat to the United States. Saddam was captured, but the disruption of Iraq and the killing of American servicemen and friendly Iraqis by insurgents became the challenge of Bush\u2019s government as he began his second term. President Bush pledged during his 2005 State of the Union Address that the United States would help the Iraqi people establish a fully democratic government because the victory of freedom in Iraq would strengthen a new ally in the war on terror, bring hope to a troubled region, and lift a threat from the lives of future generations. [PAR] Bush was born in New Haven, Connecticut while his father was attending Yale University after service in World War II. The family moved to Midland, Texas, where the senior Bush entered the oil exploration business. The son spent formative years there, attended Midland public schools, and formed friendships that stayed with him into the White House. Bush graduated from Yale, received a business degree from Harvard, and then returned to Midland where he too got into the oil business. In Midland he met and married Laura Welch, a teacher and librarian. They had twin daughters, Jenna and Barbara, now out of college and pursuing careers. [PAR] When George W. Bush, at the age of 54, became the 43rd president of the United States, it was only the second time in American history that a president\u2019s son went on to the White House. John Quincy Adams, elected the sixth president in 1824, was the son of John Adams, the second president. While John"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FRANCIA, the Franks, France, Burgundy, Italy, Germany FRANCIA, the Franks, France, Burgundy, Italy, Germany [PAR] Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D. All Rights Reserved [PAR] Sources [PAR] The sources for all these tables are varied and now sometimes hard to keep track of, since my own notes made from years ago do not always indicate their origin. References and difficulties in specific areas, as with Flanders , are usually discussed at the appropriate place. Here I will mention a few general sources. Some of the earliest lists are from An Encyclopedia of World History; Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged, compiled and edited by William L. Langer [Houghton, Mifflin, Company; the Riverside Press, Boston, 1940, 1948, 1952, 1960]. This one volume compendium I borrowed from a high school friend in the Sixties and recently consulted it again when it turned out that a colleague at Valley College had a copy. Amazon.com has now found a used copy for me after some months of searching. At lot of this, however, now looks a bit dated. That drawback is remedied by a new edition by Peter N. Stearns, The Encyclopedia of World History; Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged [Sixth Edition, Houghton Miffilin Company, 2001]. While Stearns' version has much of the genealogical information, and more, of the original, it does seems to be missing the chart of the Capetian descent of the Bourbons which Langer had -- it also drops rather than updates the lists of British Prime Ministers, French Presidents and Premiers, and Italian Prime Ministers that Langer included. This Encyclopedia is to be distinguished from the Encyclopedia of World History, by Patrick K. O'Brien et al. [George Philip Limited, Facts on File, 2000], which is arranged alphabetically -- including various lists of world leaders such as were dropped from the Stearns Encyclopedia. Other more recent information and extensive genealogies are in The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume II, c.700-c.900 [Cambridge University Press, 1995] and The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, c.900-c.1024 [Timothy Reuter, editor, Cambridge, 1999]. The most comprehensive lists of rulers I have found in print are in Kingdoms of Europe, by Gene Gurney [Crown Publishers, New York, 1982]. Gurney has some errors and obscurities, but I have not found any other work that has put so much together in one volume. I have also found a nice genealogical presentation, a chart, Kings & Queens of Europe, compiled by Anne Taut\u00e9 [University of North Carolina Press, 1989]. This is not as comprehensive as Gurney, but seems to exhibit more careful scholarship. [PAR] Among prose histories, one which is of the most longstanding value has been a textbook I originally had for a class in Beirut , Medieval Europe, by Martin Scott [Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., London, 1967]. It is hard to know what other such subsequent books to list. A Distant Mirror by Barbara W. Tuchman [Ballantine Book, 1978] is a marvelous history of the 14th century, a period not otherwise noted in most surveys except for the Black Death. Otherwise, some of the most comprehensive treatments and enjoyable historical reading I have ever had involved a couple different history of Europe series that used to be published by Harper Torchbooks. In one series, I had several of the books as textbooks in classes: Reformation Europe, 1517-1559, by G.R. Elton [Harper Torchbooks, 1963], Europe Divided, 1559-1598, by J.H. Elliott [1968], Europe of the Ancient R\u00e9gime, 1715-1783, by David Ogg, and Revolutionary Europe, 1783-1815, by George Rud\u00e9 [this was in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] European Economic Community - YouTube European Economic Community - YouTube [PAR] European Economic Community [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 30, 2014 [PAR] The European Economic Community (EEC) was an international organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957. [PAR] Its aim was to bring about economic integration, including a common market, among its six founding members: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. The EEC was also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking world and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993. [PAR] This video is targeted to blind users. [PAR] Attribution: [PAR] Article text available under CC-BY-SA [PAR] Creative Commons image source in video [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] The Treaty of Rome (1957) - The history of the European ... The Treaty of Rome (1957) - The history of the European Union and European Citizenship [PAR] The Treaties of Rome (1957) [PAR] The signing of the Treaties of Rome [PAR] On 25th March 1957, two treaties were signed in Rome that gave birth to the European Economic Community (EEC) and to European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) : the Treaties of Rome. The signatories of the historic agreement were Christian Pineau on behalf of France, Joseph Luns from the Netherlands, Paul Henri Spaak from Belgium, Joseph Bech from Luxemburg, Antonio Segni from Italy and Konrad Adenauer from the Federal Republic of Germany. The Treaties were ratified by National Parliaments over the following months and came into force on 1st January 1958. [PAR] The Treaty establishing the EEC affirmed in its preamble that signatory States were \"determined to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe\". In this way, the member States specifically affirmed the political objective of a progressive political integration. [PAR] In fact, the brand new institution was a customs union. As a consequence, the EEC was colloquially known as \"Common Market\". The member countries agreed to dismantle all tariff barriers over a 12-year transitional period. In view of the economic success that freer commercial exchanges brought about, the transitory term was shortened and in July 1968 all tariffs among the EEC States were abrogated. At the same time, a common tariff was established for all products coming from third countries. [PAR] As a matter of fact, the common market meant exclusively free circulation of goods. Free movement of persons, capitals and services continued to be subject to numerous limitations. It was necessary to wait until the Single European Act , in 1987, when a definitive boost was given to establish a genuine unified market. This brought about the European Union Treaty in 1992. [PAR] The other essential agreement included in the Treaty of Rome was the adoption of a Common agricultural policy (CAP) . Essentially, the CAP enacted a free market of agricultural products inside the EEC and established protectionist policies that guaranteed sufficient revenues to European farmers, avoiding competition from third countries' products by guaranteeing agricultural prices. With the aim of financing the CAP, the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) was established in 1962. The CAP has continued absorbing most of the community budget, and its reform has been one of the most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo Number-calling Nicknames - il dado Bingo Number-calling Nicknames [PAR] 35.. Jump and jive - Flirty wives [PAR] 36.. Three dozen - Perfect (as in 36-24-36) - Yardstick... he wishes! (USA) [PAR] 37.. A flea in heaven - More than eleven [PAR] 38.. Christmas cake [PAR] 39.. Those famous steps - All the steps - Jack Benny [PAR] 40.. Two score - Life begins at - Blind 40 - Naughty 40 - Mary (USA) [PAR] 41.. Life\ufffds begun - Time for fun [PAR] 42.. That famous street in Manhattan - Whinny the Poo [PAR] 43.. Down on your knees [PAR] 44.. Droopy drawers - All the fours - Open two doors - Magnum (USA) [PAR] 45.. Halfway house - Halfway there - Cowboy's friend - Colt (USA) [PAR] 46.. Up to tricks [PAR] 48.. Four dozen [PAR] 49.. PC (Police Constable) - Copper - Nick nick - Rise and shine [PAR] 50.. Bulls eye - Bung hole - Blind 50 - Half a century - Snow White's number (five-oh - five-oh..) - Hawaii five O, Hawaii (USA) [PAR] 51.. I love my mum - Tweak of the thumb - The Highland Div[ision] - President's salute [PAR] 52.. Weeks in a year - The Lowland Div[ision] - Danny La Rue - Pack 'o cards - Pickup (USA) [PAR] 53.. Stuck in the tree - The Welsh Div[ision] - The joker [PAR] 54.. Clean the floor - House of bamboo (famous song) [PAR] 55.. Snakes alive - All the fives - Double nickels - Give us fives - Bunch of fives [PAR] 56.. Was she worth it? [PAR] 57.. Heinz varieties - All the beans (Heinz 57 varieties of canned beans) [PAR] 58.. Make them wait - Choo choo Thomas [PAR] 59.. Brighton line (engine 59 or it took 59 mins to go from London to Brighton) [PAR] 60.. Three score - Blind 60 - Five dozen [PAR] 61.. Bakers bun [PAR] 62.. Tickety boo - Turn on the screw [PAR] 63.. Tickle me - Home ball (USA) [PAR] 64.. The Beatles number - Red raw [PAR] 65.. Old age pension - Stop work (retirement age) [PAR] 66.. Clickety click - All the sixes - Quack quack (USA) [PAR] 67.. Made in heaven - Argumentative number [PAR] 68.. Saving grace - Check your weight [PAR] 69.. The same both ways - Your place or mine? - Any way up - Either way up - Any way round - Meal for two - The French connection - Yum yum - Happy meal (USA) [PAR] 70.. Three score and ten - Blind 70 - Big O (USA) [PAR] 71.. Bang on the drum - Lucky one [PAR] 72.. A crutch and a duck - Six dozen - Par for the course (golf) - Lucky two [PAR] 73.. Crutch with a flea - Queen B - Under the tree - Lucky three [PAR] 74.. Candy store - Grandmamma of Bingo - Lucky four [PAR] 75.. Strive and strive - Big Daddy - Granddaddy of Bingo - Lucky five [PAR] 76.. Trombones - Seven 'n' six - was she worth it? - Lucky six [PAR] 77.. Sunset strip - All the sevens - Two little crutches - The double hockey stick - Lucky seven [PAR] 78.. Heavens gate - Lucky eight [PAR] 79.. One more time - Lucky nine [PAR] 80.. Gandhi's breakfast - Blind 80 - Eight and blank - There you go matey [PAR] 81.. Fat lady and a little wee - Stop and run - Corner shot [PAR] 82.. Fat lady with a duck - Straight on through [PAR] 83.. Fat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Anchor book of counted thread embroidery stitches ... The Anchor book of counted thread embroidery stitches (Book, 1997) [WorldCat.org] [PAR] Find more libraries Librarian? Claim your library to [PAR] The Anchor book of counted thread embroidery stitches [PAR] Author: [PAR] Newton Abbot, Devon : David & Charles, 1997. [PAR] Edition/Format: [PAR] Nearly 50 stitches clearly explained with step-by-step diagrams. [PAR] Rating: [PAR] You are connected to the University of Washington Libraries network [PAR] Hide local services for this item [PAR] OCLC FirstSearch [PAR] Add library to Favorites [PAR] Please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours. [PAR] Allow this favorite library to be seen by others [PAR] Keep this favorite library private [PAR] Find a copy in the library [PAR] Finding libraries that hold this item... [PAR] Details [PAR] 128 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 14 cm. [PAR] Contents: [PAR] Diagonal raised band and filling ; Filling: open trellis ; Filling: Variation -- [PAR] Diagonal satin filling -- [PAR] Double back stitch: Finnish filling -- [PAR] Double cross stitch -- [PAR] Greek cross stitch: lacy filling ; Squared filling -- [PAR] Hedebo buttonhole stitch: edging with picot -- [PAR] Hemstitch: Diamond -- [PAR] Thread, needle and fabric guide. [PAR] Other Titles: [PAR] [compiled by Eve Harlow]. [PAR] Abstract: [PAR] An introduction to the techniques of counted-thread embroidery. There are 48 stitches for working on evenweave fabric, and a wide range of ideas for using them. The stitches are all explained and illustrated in step-by-step diagrams. Read more... [PAR] Reviews [PAR] Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. [PAR] Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Be the first. [PAR] Tags [PAR] Add tags for \"The Anchor book of counted thread embroidery stitches\". Be the first. [PAR] Similar Items [PAR] Counted thread embroidery. [PAR] Confirm this request [PAR] You may have already requested this item. Please select Ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway. [PAR] Linked Data [PAR] schema:about < http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/3901597004#Topic/counted_thread_embroidery > ; # Counted thread embroidery [PAR] schema:alternateName \"Counted thread embroidery stitches\" ; [PAR] schema:datePublished \"1997\" ; [PAR] schema:description \"Nearly 50 stitches clearly explained with step-by-step diagrams.\"@ en ; [PAR] schema:description \"Algerian filling -- Back stitch, ringed -- Whipped back stitch -- Cabel stitch -- Chequer filling -- Chessboard filling -- Chevron stitch -- Cobbler filling -- Coil filling -- Cretan stitch -- Cross stitch -- Diagonal raised band and filling ; Filling: open trellis ; Filling: Variation -- Diagonal satin filling -- diamond eyelet -- Diamond filling -- Double back stitch: Finnish filling -- Double cross stitch -- Double knot stitch -- Eyelet holes -- Double faggot filling -- Reversed faggot filling -- Fern stitch -- Fly stitch -- Four-sided stitch ; Variation -- Greek cross stitch: lacy filling ; Squared filling -- Hedebo buttonhole stitch: edging with picot -- Hemstitch: Diamond -- Hemstitch: interlaced -- Hemstitch: Ladder -- Hemstitch: zigzag -- Herringbone stitch -- Holbein stitch -- Honeycomb filling -- Mosaic filling -- Needlewaving -- Outlined diamond eyelet filling -- Punch stitch -- Ripple filling -- Satin stitch -- Spaced satin filling -- squared edging stitch -- Star stitch -- Step filling -- Wave stitch -- Working with charts -- Charted designs -- Thread, needle and fabric guide.\"@ en ;"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reservoir Dogs (1992) - IMDb Reservoir Dogs (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 12 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 03 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 15 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Reservoir Dogs \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 9 wins & 15 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. [PAR] Directors: Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth [PAR] Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth [PAR] The Bride wakens from a four-year coma. The child she carried in her womb is gone. Now she must wreak vengeance on the team of assassins who betrayed her - a team she was once part of. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] With the help of a German bounty hunter, a freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal Mississippi plantation owner. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] The Bride continues her quest of vengeance against her former boss and lover Bill, the reclusive bouncer Budd and the treacherous, one-eyed Elle. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X [PAR] In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] A man juggles searching for his wife's murderer and keeping his short-term memory loss"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Duke of Edinburgh 'indefatigable' as he puts duty first on ... Duke of Edinburgh 'indefatigable' as he puts duty first on 93rd birthday - Telegraph [PAR] Prince Philip [PAR] Duke of Edinburgh 'indefatigable' as he puts duty first on 93rd birthday [PAR] Prince Philip has a busy week ahead of him, with no time to dwell on the fact that he turns 93 today [PAR] The Duke of Edinburgh pictured at last week's D-Day commemoration events Photo: DAMIEN MEYER/AFP [PAR] By Gordon Rayner , Chief Reporter [PAR] 6:00AM BST 10 Jun 2014 [PAR] Follow [PAR] He turns 93 today, but the \u201cindefatigable\u201d Duke of Edinburgh will be putting duty first, as always, by attending a Buckingham Palace garden party in his usual role supporting the Queen. [PAR] Despite the presence of the Duchess of Cambridge at today's garden party, the Duke will be the centre of attention among the 8,000 guests, just one of seven public engagements he is carrying out this week, including a trip to Germany. [PAR] His energetic schedule is all the more impressive when compared to his last two birthdays, when ill health prevented him carrying out any public engagements at all. [PAR] Last year the Duke was in hospital on his birthday after an operation on his abdomen, and the year before he had just been released from a hospital stay as a result of a bladder infection. [PAR] A royal source said: \u201cHe is indefatigable and never wants any fuss around his birthday. This week happens to be a particularly busy time, and duty always comes first for him.\u201d [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Prince Philip sets energetic pace as he turns 93 [PAR] 09 Jun 2014 [PAR] Last night the Duke, who will celebrate his birthday privately with his family, joined the Queen at a reception for the UK technology industry, and tomorrow he will hold a Duke of Edinburgh\u2019s Award dinner at Windsor Castle. [PAR] Then on Thursday he will fly to Fallingbostel, Germany to present campaign medals in his capacity as Royal Colonel of The Highlanders, 4th Bn The Royal Regiment of Scotland. After two engagements on Friday, including a visit to an outdoor education centre in Sussex, he will attend the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London on Saturday. [PAR] Today\u2019s garden party will be the third and final garden party of the season for members of the public who are invited because they have made a contribution to society. [PAR] His 93rd birthday will be celebrated by the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery who will fire a 41-gun salute from London's Hyde Park at noon to mark the occasion. [PAR] An hour later the Honourable Artillery Company will fire a 62-gun salute from Gun Wharf at the Tower of London, with the extra guns a tribute from the citizens of the City of London. [PAR] The Duke is the longest serving consort in British history and also the oldest serving partner of a reigning monarch. [PAR] Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark was born on the island of Corfu on June 10, 1921, to Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Alice of Battenburg. [PAR] His early years were marked by upheaval after the Duke's family went into exile following a military coup in Greece which overthrew Prince Philip's uncle, King Constantine I. [PAR] He moved to England to stay with relatives and study at Cheam Prep School in 1928, before spending a year at Salem School in south Germany, then finally enrolling at Gordonstoun School in Morayshire. [PAR] Prince Philip went on to join the Royal Navy and,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sian Massey - referee - Jobs for the girls | Women in ... Sian Massey - referee - Jobs for the girls | Women in football - sofeminine [PAR] Jobs for the girls | Women in football [PAR] [PAR] Sian Massey \u00a9 Sipa [PAR] Women can become professional referees and work in any of the football leagues. Referees can be professional full-time employees or combine their career with another full time occupation. [PAR] Sian Massey is a professional English football and women's football referee. [PAR] She generally works in the Football League (which includes the Championship, League 1 and League 2 games) but has also worked in the Premier League, cup games and even international women's games. [PAR] Massey joined the Professional Game Match Officials Board (PGMOB) in March 2010. Only those who've worked their way up through the levels refereeing can hope to obtain such status as it's the PGMOB which supply refs and officials to all the Premier League matches. [PAR] Sian Massey is best known as the female football official who got caught up in the Sky Sports sexism row that saw commentators Andy Grey and Richard Keys sacked for sexist comments regarding Massey's position as assistant referee. [PAR] Amy Fearn, is another Football League referee and assistant referee but she also has a fulltime career in accountacy, much like Wendy Toms who, in 1994, became the first woman to assistant referee a men's Football League game. She was also a parcel post manager. [PAR] Get in to... refereeing [PAR] Having a passion for football is a basic requirement as is a knowledge of the rules of the game. [PAR] To become an official referee you should contact your local County FA about training courses. The FA are currently looking to recruit 80,000 more qualified referees by the end of the year so it's a good time to sign up. [PAR] For more details on how to become a referee, check out the FA's referee training course and info page"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Postman Always Rings Twice | film by Garnett [1946 ... The Postman Always Rings Twice | film by Garnett [1946] | Britannica.com [PAR] The Postman Always Rings Twice [PAR] film by Garnett [1946] [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey [PAR] The Postman Always Rings Twice, American film noir , released in 1946, based on the crime novel of the same name by James M. Cain . The film features all the elements of an enduring noir classic: sexy leading players, tight script and direction, and a shocking climax. [PAR] John Garfield and Lana Turner in The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946). [PAR] \u00a9 1946 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. [PAR] Frank Chambers (played by John Garfield ) is a drifter who chances upon a rural caf\u00e9 run by the sexy Cora Smith ( Lana Turner ) and her older, obnoxious husband, Nick ( Cecil Kellaway ). Starved for affection, Cora becomes Frank\u2019s willing lover in a tempestuous affair that leads them to devise a plan to kill Nick in order to collect his insurance money. As with all crime films of the era, the pair get their comeuppance, but the trail to the startling conclusion is filled with red herrings and unexpected plot twists, all under the acclaimed direction of Tay Garnett . The film\u2019s cryptic title is explained by Garfield\u2019s character at the movie\u2019s conclusion. [PAR] Earlier screen adaptations of Cain\u2019s book include a 1939 French version, Le Dernier Tournant (\u201cThe Last Turn\u201d), and Italian director Luchino Visconti \u2019s Ossessione (1943; \u201cObsession\u201d). Director Bob Rafelson\u2019s American remake of the film in 1981 starred Jack Nicholson and Jessica Lange . In 1998 an acclaimed Hungarian adaptation , Szenved\u00e9ly (\u201cPassion\u201d), was released. [PAR] Production notes and credits [PAR] Writers: Harry Ruskin and Niven Busch [PAR] Music: George Bassman"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joseph Bamford - Telegraph Joseph Bamford - Telegraph [PAR] Joseph Bamford [PAR] 12:00AM GMT 02 Mar 2001 [PAR] JOSEPH BAMFORD, who has died aged 84, was the founder of J C Bamford, the manufacturer of excavators and diggers; so recognisable were his company's products - invariably painted bright yellow with his initials emblazoned on the side - that he lived to see \"JCB\" become the dictionary definition for an excavator. [PAR] Bamford established his company in Staffordshire in 1945 when he left the family agricultural machinery business in order to assert his independence from his brother and several cousins who worked there. He paid 50 shillings for some welding equipment which he housed in a stable, collected steel from disused air raid shelters, and began to make farm trailers which he sold at Uttoxeter Market. [PAR] It took Bamford three weeks to sell his first trailer for \u00a345, but business soon looked up. In 1948, he developed the first hydraulically operated two-wheeled tipping trailer, and by 1953 had amassed enough capital to manufacture the first hydraulic \"backhoe loader\", on which he put the JCB logo for the first time. [PAR] Over the next two decades, Bamford built his company into a force which accounted for more than half of the British market for excavators and which competed on an even footing with established international brands such as Massey Ferguson, Ford and Hy Mac. [PAR] JCBs were not the cheapest products on the market, but they traded heavily on their design and driver comfort. The cab was modelled on Bamford's own Cadillac, and from the first came equipped with a power point (for tea) and a cigarette lighter. [PAR] In time J C Bamford became an enduring success, thriving while other British engineers went to the wall or were swallowed by foreign buyers. The company has won seven Queen's Awards for Export. [PAR] Bamford's achievements were rooted in a few unsophisticated but highly effective precepts: hard work, and not buying anything without the cash to pay for it. He never drank or smoked, and worked from 9 am to 11.30 pm, claiming (not entirely truthfully since he was a keen yachtsman and gardener) that he had no pastime except work. \"The trouble with my competitors,\" he once observed, \"is they get out of bed too late and go home from work too early.\" [PAR] He was a firm believer in the virtue of thrift, and though he became extremely rich, he was proud that his wife Marjorie had made all the curtains, pelmets and chair covers in their home. He also grew his own vegetables. [PAR] He eschewed modern theories of management. He stoutly resisted the blandishments of merchant bankers keen to lend him money and boasted of always running to surplus capacity: \"a long order book,\" he said, \"is a sign of failure.\" [PAR] A quietly spoken man, Bamford's apparent diffidence was disconcertingly at odds with his aggressive and somewhat crude marketing techniques. In 1969 he staged a circus for prospective customers in Sydney, Australia, in which JCBs and wild animals performed together. [PAR] Customers visiting JCB's headquarters at Rocester, Staffordshire, were invited to compare the firm's equipment with a rusting array of rival products which Bamford had installed on the grass outside. [PAR] His attitude to competitors, he said, was \"Why should I take them over when I can put them out of business?\"; and in general he refused to have any truck with mergers or acquisitions. However, in 1968 he bid for his family firm of Bamfords, partly on the grounds, he claimed, that applications from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hedda Hopper - Zimbio Hedda Hopper - Zimbio [PAR] Hedda Hopper [PAR] No articles yet. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Hedda Hopper news, related photos and videos, and reviews of Hedda Hopper performances. According to Wikipedia: Hedda Hopper was an American actress and gossip columnist, whose long-running feud with friend turned arch-rival Louella Parsons became at least as notorious as many of Hopper's columns. [PAR] Featured Stories[DOC] [TLE] Hedda Hopper Signed Autograph Signature Hollywood Gossip ... Hedda Hopper Signed Autograph Signature Hollywood Gossip Columnist [PAR] Bold signature in pencil on autograph album page. [PAR] [PAR] Hedda Hopper (1885-1966) was an American actress and gossip columnist, whose long-running feud with friend turned arch-rival Louella Parsons became at least as notorious as many of Hopper's columns. [PAR] Hopper began acting in silent movies in 1915. Her motion picture debut was in Battle of Hearts (1916). She appeared in more than 120 movies over the following twenty-three years, usually portraying distinguished-looking society women. [PAR] As her movie career waned in the mid-1930s, Hopper looked for other sources of income. In 1937, she was offered the chance of a lifetime and embarked on a career doing something she was quite adept at: gossip. Her gossip column called \"Hedda Hopper's Hollywood\" debuted in the Los Angeles Times on February 14, 1938. After years of struggling as an actress, she had finally found her niche. She christened the home she purchased in Beverly Hills \"The House That Fear Built.\" She then had a notorious feud with the long-established Louella Parsons , who had been friendly to her in print and to whom she had sometimes passed information. Hopper and Parsons became archrivals competing fiercely, and often nastily, for the title \"Queen of Hollywood\", although those who knew both declared that Hopper was the more sadistic. [PAR] She was noted for her hats, considered her trademark, mostly because of her taste for large, flamboyant ones; and her hats were so famous that, in the 1946 movie, Breakfast in Hollywood, Del Porter, backed by Spike Jones and his City Slickers, even sang a novelty song entitled \"A Hat for Hedda Hopper\", to Hedda Hopper who was sitting in the audience wearing an extraordinary creation. [PAR] She was known for hobnobbing with the biggest names in the industry, for getting a \"scoop\" before almost anyone else most of the time, and for being vicious in dealing with those who displeased her, whether intentionally or not. The columnist J.J. Hunsecker, played by Burt Lancaster in the film Sweet Smell of Success, is said to have been inspired partly by Hopper. [PAR] Hopper courted controversy as well for \"naming names\" of suspected or alleged Communists during the Hollywood Blacklist. Her frequent attacks against Charlie Chaplin in the 1940s for his leftist politics and love life contributed to his departure from America in 1952. After publishing a blind item on Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy 's relationship, Tracy confronted her at Ciro's and kicked her in the behind. A similar incident occurred when Hopper leaked info about the extramarital affair between Joseph Cotten and Deanna Durbin. She tried to \"out\" Cary Grant and Randolph Scott as gay lovers, but Grant was too big a star even for her to touch. She also spread rumors that Michael Wilding and Stewart Granger had been intimate (Wilding later sued Hopper for libel and won). ZaSu Pitts compared Hopper to \"a ferret\", and pointed out that she should not have been surprised her (Hopper's) own movie career did not pan out. Joan Fontaine sent Hopper a skunk on Valentine's Day with a note reading \"I stink"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Duchess (2008) - IMDb The Duchess (2008) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] A chronicle of the life of 18th century aristocrat Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, who was reviled for her extravagant political and personal life. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 03 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 15 Jul 2014 [PAR] Search for \" The Duchess \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 7 wins & 20 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Two sisters contend for the affection of King Henry VIII. [PAR] Director: Justin Chadwick [PAR] In late-19th-century Russian high society, St. Petersburg aristocrat Anna Karenina enters into a life-changing affair with the dashing Count Alexei Vronsky. [PAR] Director: Joe Wright [PAR] A dramatization of the turbulent first years of Queen Victoria's rule, and her enduring romance with Prince Albert. [PAR] Director: Jean-Marc Vall\u00e9e [PAR] Sparks fly when spirited Elizabeth Bennet meets single, rich, and proud Mr. Darcy. But Mr. Darcy reluctantly finds himself falling in love with a woman beneath his class. Can each overcome their own pride and prejudice? [PAR] Director: Joe Wright [PAR] A biographical portrait of a pre-fame Jane Austen and her romance with a young Irishman. [PAR] Director: Julian Jarrold [PAR] Fledgling writer Briony Tallis, as a thirteen-year-old, irrevocably changes the course of several lives when she accuses her older sister's lover of a crime he did not commit. [PAR] Director: Joe Wright [PAR] A mousy governess who softens the heart of her employer soon discovers that he's hiding a terrible secret. [PAR] Director: Cary Joji Fukunaga [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.4/10 X [PAR] The retelling of France's iconic but ill-fated queen, Marie Antoinette. From her betrothal and marriage to Louis XVI at 15 to her reign as queen at 19 and to the end of her reign as queen and ultimately the fall of Versailles. [PAR] Director: Sofia Coppola [PAR] Rich Mr. Dashwood dies, leaving his second wife and her three daughters poor by the rules of inheritance. The two eldest daughters are the titular opposites. [PAR] Director: Ang Lee [PAR] The mixed race daughter of a Royal Navy Admiral is raised by her aristocratic great-uncle in 18th century England. [PAR] Director: Amma Asante [PAR] A mature Queen Elizabeth endures multiple crises late in her reign including court intrigues, an assassination plot, the Spanish Armada, and romantic disappointments. [PAR] Director: Shekhar Kapur [PAR] A film of the early years of the reign of Elizabeth I of England and her difficult task of learning what is necessary to be a monarch. [PAR] Director: Shekhar Kapur [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Georgiana Spencer became Duchess of Devonshire on her marriage to the Duke in 1774, at the height of the Georgian period, a period of fashion, decadence, and political change. Spirited and adored"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Write a Clerihew - Giggle Poetry Poetry Class [PAR] by Kenn Nesbitt [PAR] [PAR] You're going to love learning how to write clerihews. Why? Because clerihews are funny poems you write about specific people. That means when you learn to write a clerihew, you can instantly write funny poems about your parents, your teacher, your favorite movie star, your best friend, your pet, or anyone else you can think of. [PAR] Clerihews have just a few simple rules: [PAR] 1. They are four lines long. [PAR] 2. The first and second lines rhyme with each other, and the third and fourth lines rhyme with each other. [PAR] 3. The first line names a person, and the second line ends with something that rhymes with the name of the person. [PAR] 4. A clerihew should be funny. [PAR] That's it! You don&'t have to worry about counting syllables or words, and you don\u2019t even have to worry about the rhythm of the poem. [PAR] Let's look at an example. Let\u2019s say your art teacher was named Mr. Shaw, and you wanted to write a clerihew about him. You might start your clerihew like this: [PAR] Our art teacher, Mr. Shaw, [PAR] Really knows how to draw. [PAR] Notice that the first line ends with the name of the person the clerihew is about, Mr. Shaw. The second line ends with \"draw\" because it rhymes with \"Shaw.\" [PAR] To finish the clerihew, you need to write two more rhyming lines. In a well-written clerihew, those next two lines will make the poem funny, like this: [PAR] Our art teacher, Mr. Shaw, [PAR] Really knows how to draw. [PAR] But his awful paintings [PAR] Have caused many faintings. [PAR] You don't have to limit yourself to writing clerihews about people you know. You can write clerihews about people you have never met. A clerihew will work best, though, if you write it about someone who is well known, or who at least is known to the people who will read it. [PAR] For example, if I wrote a clerihew about my aunt Norma, that might not mean anything to you. But it might work very well if I planned to share it only with my family. On the other hand, if I wrote a clerihew about a famous musician, it might be funny to many more people. Here is an example of a clerihew about some well-known singers: [PAR] Kanye West [PAR] Because when he went shopping, he spent [PAR] more than 50 Cent. [PAR] And you don\u2019t have to limit your clerihews to real people. You can even write clerihews about characters from books, movies, comics, cartoons, etc. Here\u2019s an example of a clerihew about a character from a book: [PAR] The enemy of Harry Potter [PAR] Was a scheming plotter. [PAR] I can't tell you what he\u2019s called; I'd be ashamed [PAR] To name \"he who must not be named.\" [PAR] So you see, clerihews are short, easy to write and can be about any person or character, real or not. They can be about people you know, people you don\u2019t know, or even about animals, cartoon characters, rock groups, or anyone else you can think of. [PAR] Just remember, put the person\u2019s name at the end of the first line, rhyme it at the end of the second line, and then write two more rhyming lines that make it funny, and you\u2019re done. Have fun! [PAR] Text \u00a9 2001 by Kenn Nesbitt. Text reprinted by permission of the author. Any copying or use of these poems"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2000 Sydney Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 2000 Sydney Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] 2000 Sydney Summer Games [PAR] Host City: Sydney, Australia (September 13, 2000 to October 1, 2000) [PAR] Opening Ceremony: September 15, 2000 (opened by Governor-General William Deane) [PAR] Lighter of the Olympic Flame: Cathy Freeman [PAR] Taker of the Olympic Oath: Rechelle Hawkes (athlete) [PAR] Closing Ceremony: October 1, 2000 [PAR] Events: 300 in 34 sports [PAR] Participants: 10,648 (6,579 men and 4,068 women) from 200 countries [PAR] Youngest Participant: [PAR] Fatima Abdul Majeed (12 years, 181 days) [PAR] Oldest Participant: [PAR] Bruce Meredith (63 years, 156 days) [PAR] Most Medals (Athlete): [PAR] United States (93 medals) [PAR] Overview [PAR] In September 1993, when the IOC voted on the host city for the 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney won. And in early October 2000, at the close of the Games of the XXVIIth Olympiad, Sydney had won again. The Australian city demonstrated to the world how to conduct an Olympic Games. At the Closing Ceremony, President [Juan Antonio Samaranch] declared the Sydney Olympics the )best ever), and nobody disagreed. [PAR] \u00bb Click to show/hide rest of overview [PAR] The 2000 Olympic Games were not without their troubles, but most of these preceded those glorious two weeks in September. In late November 1998, the Olympic Bribery Scandal hit, when it was revealed that the Salt Lake City Bid Committee for the [2002 Olympic Winter Games] had paid college tuition for the children of certain IOC members, in an effort to buy their votes. As the scandal escalated, all Olympic groups began to have some problems with fund raising, and the Sydney Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG) was not spared. But most of the venues were already built, and SOCOG overcame the problem. As the reverberations from the Scandal lessened in early 2000, Sydney was able to meet its budget. [PAR] The only other significant problem at Sydney was the recurring difficulty with drugs and doping. Prior to the Games, 28 Chinese Olympic athletes were withdrawn when the Chinese Olympic Committee reported that they had tested positive for drugs. Several athletes were disqualified and lost medals, but the most publicity for a doping positive went to an athlete not even competing in Sydney. [C. J. Hunter], the American shot putter, and husband of sprint star, [Marion Jones], had qualified for the 2000 Olympics but withdrew after surgery on his knee. But it was revealed in mid-Olympics that he had tested positive for drugs at meets earlier in the summer. The press, hungry for controversies midst an otherwise almost perfect Olympics, reported this finding with a vengeance, and brought up the other, much less publicized, doping positives. [PAR] The Games began with an Opening Ceremony in which the Olympic Flame was lit by [Cathy Freeman], a native aboriginal 400 metres runner. It was to a certain degree a political choice, as the Australians are only now admitting their previous poor treatment of aboriginal peoples, and attempting to address the problems this has created. Freeman was probably the single biggest hero to the Australian nation, as she won the [400 metres] gold medal, the only final torch bearer to ever win a gold medal at the same Olympics. [PAR] Marion Jones was one of the big stories of the Olympics. Prior to the Olympics, she announced plans to attempt to win five gold medals \u2013 the [100 metres], [200 metres], [long jump], and both relays. She failed, but hers was still a wondrous Olympics \u2013 three gold medals in the sprints and [4\u00d7400 metres"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arms and the Boy - Poetry Foundation Arms and the Boy by Wilfred Owen | Poetry Foundation [PAR] Arms and the Boy by Wilfred Owen [PAR] Let the boy try along this bayonet-blade [PAR] How cold steel is, and keen with hunger of blood; [PAR] Blue with all malice, like a madman's flash; [PAR] And thinly drawn with famishing for flesh. [PAR] Lend him to stroke these blind, blunt bullet-leads, [PAR] Which long to nuzzle in the hearts of lads, [PAR] Or give him cartridges of fine zinc teeth [PAR] Sharp with the sharpness of grief and death. [PAR] For his teeth seem for laughing round an apple. [PAR] There lurk no claws behind his fingers supple; [PAR] And God will grow no talons at his heels, [PAR] Nor antlers through the thickness of his curls. [PAR] Source: The Poems of Wilfred Owen, edited by Jon Stallworthy (W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1986) [PAR] Discover this poem's context and related poetry, articles, and media. [PAR] Poet [PAR] Biography [PAR] Wilfred Owen, who wrote some of the best British poetry on World War I, composed nearly all of his poems in slightly over a year, from August 1917 to September 1918. In November 1918 he was killed in action at the age of twenty-five, one week before the Armistice. Only five poems were published in his lifetime\u2014three in the Nation and two that appeared anonymously in the Hydra, a journal he edited in 1917 when he was a patient at Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh. Shortly after his death, seven more of his poems appeared in the 1919 volume of Edith Sitwell's annual anthology, Wheels, a volume dedicated to his memory, and in 1919 and 1920 seven other poems appeared in periodicals. Almost all of Owen\u2019s poems, therefore, appeared posthumously: Poems (1920), edited by Siegfried Sassoon with the assistance of Edith Sitwell, contains twenty-three poems; The Poems of Wilfred Owen...[DOC] [TLE] Arms and the Boy | The Wilfred Owen Association Arms and the Boy | The Wilfred Owen Association [PAR] The Wilfred Owen Association [PAR] Join us on Facebook [PAR] Arms and the Boy [PAR] Children were much in Wilfred Owen's mind when he wrote to his mother from Ripon on Easter Sunday 31st March 1918. [PAR] Outside my cottage window (at Borage Lane ) children play soldiers so piercingly that I've moved into the attic, with only a skylight. [PAR] It is a jolly Retreat. There I have tea and contemplate the inwardness of war, and behave in an owlish manner generally. One poem I have written there; and thought another [PAR] And in the same letter, [PAR] Johnny de la Touche (whom he had tutored in Bordeaux 1914-15) leaves school this term, I hear, and goes to prepare for the Indian Army. He must be a creature of killable age by now. [PAR] Cynically he added, [PAR] God so hated the world that He gave several millions of English-begotten sons, that whosoever believeth in them should not perish, but have a comfortable life. [PAR] A sentiment adjacent to, but at the same time removed from, the gist of ARMS AND THE BOY which was written around this time. Owen classified it in his draft list of contents under 'Protest - the unnaturalness of weapons'. Later he listed it among the poems intended for his first collection. [PAR] It consists of three regular quatrains exclusively in pararhymes that reflect the tone, so that in stanzas 1 and 2, they are full of menace, e.g. 'blade-blood' and 'teeth-death', but in the final stanza, when God comes in, they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle - HealthCommunities.com Foot & Ankle Anatomy - Foot Anatomy - HealthCommunities.com [PAR] Foot & Ankle Anatomy [PAR] Print [PAR] Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle [PAR] The human foot combines mechanical complexity and structural strength. The ankle serves as foundation, shock absorber and propulsion engine. The foot can sustain enormous pressure (several tons over the course of a one-mile run) and provides flexibility and resiliency. [PAR] The foot and ankle contain: [PAR] 26 bones (One-quarter of the bones in the human body are in the feet.); [PAR] 33 joints; [PAR] more than 100 muscles, tendons and ligaments (Tendons are fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones and ligaments are fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones.); and [PAR] a network of blood vessels, nerves, skin, and soft tissue. [PAR] These components work together to provide the body with support, balance, and mobility. A structural flaw or malfunction in any one part can result in the development of problems elsewhere in the body (such as back pain ). Abnormalities in other parts of the body can lead to problems in the feet. [PAR] Parts of the Foot [PAR] Structurally, the foot has three main parts: the forefoot, the midfoot, and the hindfoot. [PAR] Top View of Foot Bones [PAR] Side View of Foot Bones [PAR] Click on the images to view a larger version. [PAR] The forefoot is composed of the five toes (called phalanges) and their connecting long bones (metatarsals). Each toe (phalanx) is made up of several small bones. The big toe (also known as the hallux) has two phalanx bones\u2014distal and proximal. It has one joint, called the interphalangeal joint. The big toe articulates with the head of the first metatarsal and is called the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ for short). [PAR] Underneath the first metatarsal head are two tiny, round bones called sesamoids. The other four toes each have three bones and two joints. The phalanges are connected to the metatarsals by five metatarsal phalangeal joints at the ball of the foot. The forefoot bears half the body's weight and balances pressure on the ball of the foot. [PAR] The midfoot has five irregularly shaped tarsal bones, forms the foot's arch, and serves as a shock absorber. The bones of the midfoot are connected to the forefoot and the hindfoot by muscles and the plantar fascia (arch ligament). [PAR] The hindfoot is composed of three joints and links the midfoot to the ankle (talus). The top of the talus is connected to the two long bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula), forming a hinge that allows the foot to move up and down. The heel bone (calcaneus) is the largest bone in the foot. It joins the talus to form the subtalar joint. The bottom of the heel bone is cushioned by a layer of fat. [PAR] Publication Review By: John J. Swierzewski, D.P.M. [PAR] Published: 30 Dec 1999[DOC] [TLE] Podiatrist - OnlineCollege.org Podiatrist - OnlineCollege.org [PAR] Career Profile: Podiatrist [PAR] Why Is Podiatry a Job of Tomorrow? [PAR] The amount of stress people\u2019s feet go through in a day is astounding. One-fourth of all the bones in the human body are in the feet, so ensuring foot health\u2014as podiatrists do\u2014is vital. Employment opportunities for podiatrists are predicted to rise 9 percent by 2016, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The average annual salary for podiatrists is $108,220. [PAR] What Does a Podiatrist Do? [PAR] Podiatrists are physicians who are trained in treating foot-related conditions and ailments. There are 26 bones in each human foot,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 80 enterprising facts you may not know about Monopoly 80 enterprising facts you may not know about Monopoly [PAR] 80 enterprising facts you may not know about Monopoly [PAR] 9.3k [PAR] 2015-01-21 17:00:49 UTC [PAR] A little knowledge can go a long way on family game night. [PAR] This year marks the 80th anniversary for the classic board game, Monopoly . For decades, people have passed \"Go\" and collected $200, all the way back to when your grandparents were little kids. [PAR] Those little red plastic houses may have taught us about fast-dealing property trading, but there's more to Monopoly than what's on the board. [PAR] Image: Hasbro [PAR] 1. The Monopoly game is based on Atlantic City, New Jersey. [PAR] 2. Charles Darrow first developed the Monopoly game in 1933. [PAR] 3. Charles Darrow is from Philadelphia. [PAR] 4. The original game was made from materials from Darrow\u2019s own home. A piece of oilcloth covered the board and the cards were handwritten. [PAR] 5. The original houses and hotels were made from wooden molding scraps. [PAR] 6. The original Monopoly die-cast tokens were inspired by Darrow\u2019s nieces who recommended metal charms from charm bracelets be used. [PAR] 7. The original game included 10 metal tokens including iron, purse, lantern, race car, thimble, shoe, top hat, battleship, cannon and a rocking horse. [PAR] 8. The Monopoly 80th Anniversary Edition game features one iconic token from each of its eight decades including the bathtub, locomotive, money bag, cat, cannon, cavalry, and MONOPOLY World Championships trophy. [PAR] 9. Darrow attempted to sell the Monopoly game to Parker Brothers, but was initially rejected for \u201c52 fundamental errors\u201d that included the game\u2019s length, theme and complexity. [PAR] 10. Darrow first manufactured and sold the Monopoly game in local Philadelphia department stores. [PAR] 11. Following the local success of the Monopoly game, Parker Brothers reconsidered their initial rejection and negotiated the rights to market the game. [PAR] 12. Monopoly was first manufactured and sold in 1935 by Parkers Brothers in the U.S. and Waddington\u2019s in the UK. [PAR] 13. The Monopoly brand\u2019s official birthday is March 19, 1935, when Parker Brothers acquired the rights for the game from Charles Darrow. [PAR] 14. The longest game played upside down lasted 36 hours. [PAR] 15. The Monopoly game is currently published in 47 languages and sold in 114 countries. [PAR] 16. More than 1 billion people have played the Monopoly game worldwide. [PAR] 17. The city of London was the first licensed Monopoly game. [PAR] 18. To make the game relevant to British consumers, the names of the properties were changed to well known streets in London. This is a practice that continues today whenever the Monopoly game is introduced to a new country. [PAR] 19. Within a year of the Monopoly game\u2019s release in the U.S., 35,000 copies of the game were being made each week. [PAR] 20. The original Monopoly game sold for about $2. [PAR] Image: Hasbro [PAR] 21. The Monopoly game is subtitled \u201cThe Fast-Dealing Property Trading Game.\u201d [PAR] 22. The current standard Monopoly game includes eight tokens: Battleship, top hat, Scottie dog, race car, thimble, boot, cat, and wheelbarrow. [PAR] 23. More than 20 different tokens have made their way into the game, including an elephant, purse, and a bag of money. [PAR] 24. There are 40 spaces on the Monopoly board and 28 properties (22 colored streets, four railroads, and two utility spaces). [PAR] 25. There are three chance spaces, three community chest spaces, a luxury tax space, and an income tax space on the Monopoly board. [PAR] 26."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stingray (TV series) - The Full Wiki Stingray (TV series) - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] Top rankings for Stingray (TV series) [PAR] 111st [PAR] Encyclopedia [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] This article is about the ITV television series. For other uses, including the 1985 NBC series , see Stingray (disambiguation) . [PAR] Stingray [PAR] 25 mins approx. per episode [PAR] (excluding advertisements) [PAR] Original run [PAR] October 4, 1964 (1964-10-04) \u2013 June 27, 1965 (1965-06-27) [PAR] Stingray is a children's marionette television show, created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and produced by AP Films for ATV and ITC Entertainment from 1964-65. Its 39 half-hour episodes were originally screened on ITV in the UK and in syndication in the USA. The scriptwriters included Gerry and Sylvia Anderson, Alan Fennell (who went on to write for Thunderbirds ), and Dennis Spooner . Barry Gray composed the music, and Derek Meddings was the special effects director. [PAR] Stingray was the first Supermarionation show to be filmed in colour, and also the first in which marionettes had interchangeable heads with different facial expressions. It was also the first British television programme to be filmed entirely in colour (the earlier series The Adventures of Sir Lancelot had been made in colour from halfway through its run). At that time the US stations were gearing up for full-time colour broadcasting, although Independent Television in Britain did not begin colour transmission until November 1969. [PAR] Supercar had featured a vehicle that could travel on land, sea and air, and Fireball XL5 had featured a spaceship . The next logical step was a series about a submarine , which presented a number of technical challenges. [PAR] Scenes featuring model submarines or marionettes underwater were actually filmed on a dry set, with the camera looking through a narrow water tank containing air bubblers and fish of different sizes to simulate perspective , thereby creating a convincing illusion that the models or puppets were underwater. This was enhanced with lighting effects that gave the impression of shafts of light refracted through the surface of the sea. [PAR] Scenes on the ocean's surface were filmed using a large tank filled with water and blue dye . To prevent the edges of the tank from showing it was deliberately overfilled so that the water would constantly spill over the edges and conceal them. These techniques proved so successful that they were also used for underwater scenes in Thunderbirds and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons . [PAR] The show's 39 episodes were filmed as three blocks (or series) of thirteen episodes each, as ITC boss Lew Grade was accustomed to ordering further batches of 13 shows each as need demanded, as he had done on the earlier Anderson shows Four Feather Falls, Supercar and Fireball XL5 (all of which also ran to 39 episodes). [PAR] Contents [PAR] 8 External links [PAR] Story and characters [PAR] \"Stand by for action! We are about to launch Stingray! Anything can happen in the next half hour!\" These words, accompanied by a montage of action scenes and a rapid \"battle stations\" drumbeat get each episode off to a rousing start. [PAR] Stingray, a highly sophisticated combat submarine built for speed and manoeuvrability, is the flagship of the World Aquanaut Security Patrol (WASP), a 21st Century security"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Neville Chamberlain BBC - History - Neville Chamberlain [PAR] z [PAR] Neville Chamberlain \u00a9 Chamberlain was British prime minister between 1937 and 1940, and is closely associated with the policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany. [PAR] Arthur Neville Chamberlain was born on 18 March 1869 in Birmingham into a political family. His father, Joseph, was an influential politician of the late 19th century and Neville's older half-brother Austen held many Conservative cabinet positions in the early 20th century and won the Nobel Peace Prize. [PAR] Chamberlain was educated in Birmingham. After a successful career in business, in 1915 he was appointed lord mayor of Birmingham. In 1916, Lloyd George appointed him director-general of the department of national service, but disagreements between them led Chamberlain to resign. In 1918, Chamberlain was elected Conservative member of parliament for Ladywood in Birmingham and was rapidly promoted. He served as both chancellor of the exchequer (1923 - 1924) and minister of health (1923, 1924 -1929, 1931). In 1937, he succeeded Stanley Baldwin as prime minister. [PAR] Like many in Britain who had lived through World War One, Chamberlain was determined to avert another war. His policy of appeasement towards Adolf Hitler culminated in the Munich Agreement in which Britain and France accepted that the Czech region of the Sudetenland should be ceded to Germany. Chamberlain left Munich believing that by appeasing Hitler he had assured 'peace for our time'. However, in March 1939 Hitler annexed the rest of the Czech lands of Bohemia and Moravia, with Slovakia becoming a puppet state of Germany. Five months later in September 1939 Hitler's forces invaded Poland. Chamberlain responded with a British declaration of war on Germany. [PAR] In May 1940, after the disastrous Norwegian campaign, Chamberlain resigned and Winston Churchill became prime minister. Chamberlain served in Churchill's cabinet as lord president of the council. He died a few weeks after he left office, on 9 November 1940."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mekong River | river, Southeast Asia | Britannica.com Mekong River | river, Southeast Asia | Britannica.com [PAR] river, Southeast Asia [PAR] Alternative Titles: Lan-ts\u2019ang Chiang, Lancang Jiang, Mae Nam Khong, M\u00e9k\u00f4ngk River, M\u00e8nam Khong, Song Cuu Long, S\u00f4ng Ti\u00ean Giang [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Khone Falls [PAR] Mekong River, Cambodian M\u00e9k\u00f4ngk, Laotian M\u00e8nam Khong, Thai Mae Nam Khong, Vietnamese S\u00f4ng Ti\u00ean Giang, Chinese (Pinyin) Lancang Jiang or (Wade-Giles) Lan-ts\u2019ang Chiang, river that is the longest river in Southeast Asia , the 7th longest in Asia , and the 12th longest in the world. It has a length of about 2,700 miles (4,350 km). Rising in southeastern Qinghai province, China , it flows through the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Yunnan province, after which it forms part of the international border between Myanmar (Burma) and Laos , as well as between Laos and Thailand . The river then flows through Laos, Cambodia , and Vietnam before draining into the South China Sea south of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon). Vientiane (Viangchan), the capital of Laos, and Phnom Penh , the capital of Cambodia, both stand on its banks. About three-fourths of the drainage area of the Mekong lies within the four countries the river traverses on its lower course\u2014Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. [PAR] The Irrawaddy and Mekong river basins and their drainage networks. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Overview of the Mekong River and its declining fish population. [PAR] Contunico \u00a9 ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz [PAR] Physical features [PAR] The Mekong River drains more than 313,000 square miles (810,000 square km) of land, stretching from the Plateau of Tibet to the South China Sea . Among Asian rivers, only the Yangtze and Ganges have larger minimum flows. [PAR] Mekong River delta, southern Vietnam. [PAR] M. Gifford/De Wys Inc. [PAR] The contrast between the physical conditions that prevail above and below the Mekong\u2019s descent from the Yunnan highlands divide it into two major parts. The upper Mekong flows 1,215 miles (1,955 km) through a long, narrow valley comprising roughly one-fourth of the total area, cutting through the mountains and plateaus of southwestern China. The lower Mekong, below the point where it forms the border between Myanmar and Laos, is a stream 1,485 miles (2,390 km) in length draining the Khorat Plateau of northeastern Thailand, the western slopes of the Annamese Cordillera in Laos and Vietnam, and most of Cambodia, before reaching the sea through the distributary channels of its delta in southern Vietnam. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Godavari River [PAR] In its upper reaches, the Mekong rises in the Tibetan Plateau between the Salween and Yangtze rivers; the streambed has cut deeply into the rugged landscape through which it flows. Along its course between Myanmar and Laos, the Mekong drains about 8,000 square miles (21,000 square km) of territory in Myanmar, comprising rough and relatively inaccessible terrain. In its more gentle lower stretches, where for a considerable distance it constitutes the boundary between Laos and Thailand, the Mekong inspires both conflict and cooperation among Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. [PAR] Physiography [PAR] The sources of the Mekong, including its principal headstream, the Za Qu River, rise at an elevation of more than 16,000 feet (4,900 metres) on the north slope of the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai province. They flow southeast through the Qamdo (Chamdo) region of Tibet, where the Za Qu joins other headstreams to form the main stream, called the Lancang in Chinese. It descends south across the highlands of Yunnan, through which it carves a deep valley, to a point south of Jinghong"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Snow Phobia \u2013 Chionophobia Fear of Snow Phobia \u2013 Chionophobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Snow Phobia \u2013 Chionophobia [PAR] Fear of Snow Phobia \u2013 Chionophobia [PAR] Chionophobia is the extreme dislike or fear of snow. The word originates from Greek chion meaning snow and phobos meaning fear, aversion or dread. [PAR] People with Chionophobia often understand that their fear is unfounded and weird. However, they are unable to control it. Living with the phobia can get very difficult especially in winters or in places where snow is the way of life. Many phobics refuse to step outdoors owing to their phobia. Friends and family members might ignore the phobia, thinking that the person is simply trying to gain attention. However; to the sufferer, Chionophobia is a very real and serious phobia that can interfere with one\u2019s daily life. [PAR] Causes of Chionophobia [PAR] Chionophobia usually originates due to a childhood traumatic event pertaining to snow. Having been hit very hard with a snow ball or being in an accident caused due to slippery roads etc can lead to permanent fear of snow. Along with snow come harsh weather conditions. Temperatures tend to fall below freezing. Being \u201csnowed in\u201d with power outages, frozen pipes, fallen trees etc are not pleasant experiences. Frost can form on windows of cars leading to seriously dangerous driving conditions. Shoveling snow off one\u2019s yard can be backbreaking work, especially harder for elderly people living alone. Slipping on ice can lead to fractures that sometimes prove fatal. [PAR] Snow also brings freezing rain or icy sleet. Hard rime could form in such freezing conditions. Ice storms are known to claim many lives each winter. Airplanes also refuse to take off on account of ice formation on the wings and slippery icy runways. News reports pertaining to such incidents could stimulate anxious-minded individuals to fear snow greatly. [PAR] For some people, snow brings a plethora of joyful activities including skiing, making snowmen, playing snowball fights etc. However, a person fearing injuries could develop Chionophobia because of hazards involved in these activities. [PAR] Snow often accumulates for days until the warmth of spring thaws it. The yellow and black snow that accumulates on the sides of the roads can sometimes be hazardous. Children often eat such snow, resulting in diseases or injuries. Accumulated snow contains sharp objects, salts, chemicals, even bodily fluids. Those with extreme germ phobia tend to fear pathogens present in such accumulated snow. [PAR] Avalanches are very common in snowy, hilly areas. A person having the fear of being trapped alive could also suffer from Chionophobia. [PAR] People with an irrational fear of water might also develop an extreme fear of snow which is form of water. Other factors like hypothermia, frost bite and health issues related to snow can also lead to the phobia. [PAR] Finally, media, scientific shows on TV or movies like Day After Tomorrow which depict the possibility of another Ice Age can also cause an extreme fear of snow. [PAR] Symptoms of Chionophobia [PAR] Chionophobia can cause extreme symptoms like crying, screaming, feeling like fleeing or hiding, shaking, heart palpitations, depression, stomach disorders, vomiting, nausea and so on. Persons with this phobia who are forced to go out in the snow might even feel detached from reality or unable to express themselves clearly. [PAR] Treating the fear of snow phobia [PAR] Depending on the extent of the symptoms presented by Chionophobia, it is best to seek professional help. In some cases, the extreme fear might affect day to day life, work,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caroline of Ansbach: the Georgian queen who brought the ... Caroline of Ansbach: the Georgian queen who brought the Enlightenment to Britain [PAR] 1 May 2014 [PAR] Caroline of Ansbach: the Georgian queen who brought the Enlightenment to Britain [PAR] Three hundred years ago, an unlikely set of circumstances led to a minor German aristocratic family becoming the British royal family. Once the Georges arrived, Britain took the first steps towards becoming the nation it is today. [PAR] Follow @@c_crampton [PAR] Sign up for our weekly email * [PAR] This year, 2014, marks an important historical anniversary. Or rather two, although one has a substantially lower profile than the other. As you can\u2019t have failed to notice from the newspaper supplements, special exhibitions and television documentaries, it is a hundred years since the outbreak of the First World War. But two hundred years before Britain crossed the channel to go to war against German imperial might, the ruling family of a small principality in Lower Saxony travelled in the opposite direction in order to sit on the British throne. [PAR] Superficially, the Hanoverian accession is a good deal less cataclysmic and a great deal more bizarre than a global war \u2013 no armies were involved, and instead George Louis, Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg, was ushered onto the throne by a long chain of coincidences. However, it is no less worthy of commemoration or re-examination, for it was under the rule of these unlikely monarchs that Britain took the first steps towards becoming the nation it is today. [PAR] It was at the beginning of the eighteenth century that parliamentary democracy advanced, constitutional monarchy was consolidated, freedom of the press was established, industry began to gather momentum, and the arts flourished \u2013 and yet when we hear the phrase \u201cGeorgian\u201d, we most often think of the architectural style of places like Bath, or Hugh Laurie shouting \u201cradish!\u201d while trying and failing to put on his trousers as the Prince Regent in Blackadder the Third. It\u2019s not a period of history that occupies a lot of time at school (we study Hogarth and the beginning of the British Empire, if we study anything from this time). Prior to this year, exhibitions and documentaries tended to steer clear too, for a very simple reason \u2013 these newly-British kings, the first four of whom were called George, just aren\u2019t as exciting as what came before. It was all just a bit less fiery: the Catholic hell-fire had been extinguished in favour of perpetual Protestantism, nobody was burned at the stake for being a witch, and at no point was a large proportion of London on fire. Bo-ring, chant the schoolchildren. Can we do \u201cdivorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived\u201d again? [PAR] Well, no, but royal women (replete with heads) are just as vital to this age \u2013 indeed, they are how the Georges ended up in Britain in the first place, with a bit of help from institutionalised religious intolerance. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which saw the Catholic James II deposed in favour of his sensibly-Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband William, the Stuart monarchy began to have a very Tudor problem \u2013 a distinct lack of heirs. The childless William and Mary were succeeded on their deaths by Mary\u2019s sister Anne. Anne\u2019s seventeen pregnancies resulted in just one child who lived beyond infancy, and he died in 1700 aged 11. Although by overseeing the Act of Union in 1707, Anne had united England and Scotland into \u201cGreat Britain\u201d, she was left with no Protestant heir to whom she could"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lewis Carroll - Lewis Carroll Poems - Poem Hunter Lewis Carroll - Lewis Carroll Poems - Poem Hunter [PAR] Lewis Carroll - Lewis Carroll Poems - Poem Hunter [PAR] Do you like this poet? [PAR] Lewis Carroll Poems [PAR] A Strange Wild Song He thought he saw an Elephant That ... [PAR] The Crocodile How doth the little crocodile Improve his ... [PAR] A Game Of Fives Five little girls, of Five, Four, Three, Two,... [PAR] My Fancy I painted her a gushing thing, With years about a ... [PAR] Little Birds Little Birds are dining Warily and well, Hid ... [PAR] Brother And Sister \"SISTER, sister, go to bed! Go and rest ... [PAR] All poems of Lewis Carroll \u00bb [PAR] Search in the poems of Lewis Carroll: [PAR] Charles Lutwidge Dodgson better known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, as well as the poems \"The Hunting of the Snark\" and \"Jabberwocky\", all examples of the genre of literary nonsense. He is noted for his facility at word play, logic, and fantasy, and there are societies dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life in many parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, and New ... more \u00bb [PAR] Click here to add this poet to your My Favorite Poets.[DOC] [TLE] The Annotated Hunting of the Snark (The Annotated Books ... The Annotated Hunting of the Snark (The Annotated Books): Lewis Carroll, Martin Gardner, Henry Holiday, Adam Gopnik: 9780393062427: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] By Luan Gaines HALL OF FAME VINE VOICE on November 5, 2006 [PAR] Format: Hardcover [PAR] Filled with exuberant language, The Annotated Hunting of the Snark is an unparalleled adventure, part nonsense, part ironic elucidation, suggesting that nothing is ever what it seems. Published on April Fool's Day 1876, Carroll's epic poem, The Hunting of the Snark, is elaborately presented with annotations by Martin Gardener, exploring the sea voyage of a crew determined to capture the elusive Snark; they are ten: a Bellman, a Boots, a maker of Bonnets and Hoods, a Barrister, a Broker, a Billiard-Maker, a Banker, a Beaver and a Butcher. The Snark itself presents a conundrum, be it beast of \"Boojum\", an entity that will cause them all to disappear. [PAR] For over a century, scholars have discussed Carroll's poem, its nonsense, allegories and anecdotes, rife with hidden meanings and scholarly interpretations. The annotations and illustrations in this volume are classic, black and white images of animated men and beasts, fantasy in the ink strokes of the artist's pen, page after page of fascinating annotations reflecting the variety of discussions engendered by the poem: \"According to Humpty Dumpty, the word `mimsy\" (from the first stanza of Jabberwocky) is a portmanteau word combining `miserable' and `flimsy'.\" [PAR] Each fit advances the story, introducing the crew members, each with his pretensions and expectations. Both dreamlike and illogical, The Annotated The Hunting of the Snark appeals in language and whimsy with undertones of danger, the unknown lurking, a virtual treasure trove of allegories for those inclined to such interpretation. It is Gardner who adds the unique spirit of this edition, expansively embracing \"a personal God and much that confounds the simple or poverty-stricken or mindless materialism\", while remaining \"an untiring pursuer of pseudoscience and irrationality\", the \"space between a feeling heart and a thinking mind, between a love of the marvelous and a reverence for skeptical truth\": [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Malaren | lake, Sweden | Britannica.com Lake Malaren | lake, Sweden | Britannica.com [PAR] Lake Constance [PAR] Lake M\u00e4laren, also called Lake M\u00e4lar, lake in eastern Sweden , located just west of Stockholm , which lies at the lake\u2019s junction with Salt Bay, an arm of the Baltic Sea . At one time Lake M\u00e4laren was a bay of the Baltic, and seagoing vessels using it were able to sail far into the interior of Sweden. Because of movements of Earth\u2019s crust, however, the rock barrier at the mouth of the bay had become so shallow by about 1200 that ships had to unload near the entrance, and the bay became a lake. [PAR] Lake M\u00e4laren, eastern Sweden. [PAR] Acp [PAR] With an area of 440 square miles (1,140 square km) and extending about 75 miles (120 km) across Sweden, it is the country\u2019s third largest lake. Together with Lake Hjalmar, it drains an area of 8,160 square miles (21,130 square km). Normally its surface is only 1 foot (0.3 metre) above sea level , and its outflow is sometimes reversed. Navigable channels connect it with Lake Hjalmar to the southwest, while the S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje Canal and two channels at Stockholm connect it with the Baltic to the east. [PAR] Its more than 1,200 islands, with a total area of 189 square miles (489 square km), and its deeply indented, wooded shoreline have made the lake area a popular residential and resort region. There are many towns in addition to Stockholm along its shores, a number of them of historical interest. Near Mariefred is the castle of Gripsholm, begun in 1537 by Gustav I Vasa and known today for its portrait collection. In the episcopal palace at Str\u00e4ngn\u00e4s, Gustav I Vasa was elected king of Sweden in 1523. The island of Drottningholm (Queen\u2019s Island) has a 17th-century palace that is a royal summer residence with a fine park and formal gardens. The ch\u00e2teau of Skokloster , south of Uppsala , on the northern arm of Lake M\u00e4laren, has a remarkable collection of trophies, including an armoury, from the Thirty Years\u2019 War (1618\u201348). [PAR] Gripsholm Castle in Mariefred, near S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje, Sweden. [PAR] \u00a9 Ron Gatepain (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Castle of Gripsholm on Lake M\u00e4laren, near Mariefred, Sweden. [PAR] \u00a9 Ron Gatepain (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Matt Monro, 'From Russia With Love' (1963) | The Top 10 ... Matt Monro, 'From Russia With Love' (1963) | The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs | Rolling Stone [PAR] The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs [PAR] Hear Arcade Fire, Mavis Staples Team for Emphatic 'I... [PAR] The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs [PAR] With the arrival of Adele's new Bond theme, we look back at the best songs from the franchise [PAR] 10 [PAR] All Stories [PAR] 8. Matt Monro, 'From Russia With Love' (1963) [PAR] Matt Monro never made a big splash in America, but in Europe the smooth crooner made the ladies swoon \u2013 at least until the Beatles came and destroyed his career. It was in those final pre-Beatlemania months of 1963 that Monro was hired to sing the From Russia With Love title theme. It's an old-school approach to the title song, but it's aged quite well and is a great time capsule of the era.[DOC] [TLE] From Russia with Love (song) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia From Russia with Love (song) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] From Russia with Love (song) [PAR] 2,128pages on [PAR] From Russia with Love is the theme song for the film From Russia with Love . It was composed by Lionel Bart, and performed by English singer Matt Monro . [PAR] Lyrics [PAR] From Russia with love I fly to you, [PAR] much wiser since my good-bye to you, [PAR] I've traveled the world to learn, [PAR] I must return from Russia with love. [PAR] I've seen places, faces and smiled for a moment, [PAR] but oh, you haunted me so, [PAR] Still my tongue tied, young pride, [PAR] would not let my love for you show, [PAR] in case you'd say no. [PAR] To Russia I flew but there and then, [PAR] I suddenly knew you'd care again, [PAR] my running around is through, [PAR] I fly to you from Russia with love."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South American countries - Metal Gear Wiki - Wikia South American countries | Metal Gear Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Brazil [PAR] Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and the Latin America region. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km. It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile. Unlike most of the South and Central American countries, Brazil's primary language is not Spanish, but Portuguese, due to it being a former Portugal colony during the 1500s due to a treaty. [PAR] Warning: The following information is from outside Hideo Kojima 's core \"Metal Gear Saga.\" It has some level of canonicity within the continuity, but reader discretion is advised. [?] [PAR] Brazil was the home country of the cyborg mercenary Samuel Rodrigues . [PAR] On July 23, 1993, the Candel\u00e1ria massacre occurred, resulting in eight young people being murdered by a group of men, including police officers. [PAR] The Nevada-based PMC Maverick Security Consulting, Inc. had planned to conduct a drill for the Brazilian Special Operations Brigade in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2018 after they were finished with a job regarding restoring an African country from a devastating civil war. However, they later froze the job temporarily due to events that complicated the aforementioned mission. [PAR] Non-\"Metal Gear Saga\" information ends here. [PAR] Chile [PAR] Chile, officially known as the Republic of Chile, is a country located around the Andes mountains, and is long and narrow. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, the Drake Passage to the far south, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Argentina to the east. It was also the home country of the poet Pablo Neruda . [PAR] In 1973, a coup d'\u00e9tat occurred within the country, with the CIA being suspected to have been involved. When the CIA mercenary group Peace Sentinel occupied Costa Rica around the same time, the Sandinista comandante Amanda Valenciano Libre suspected that they were planning to stage a similar coup. [PAR] Colombia [PAR] Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Colombia), is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. It is located in northwestern South America. It is bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. [PAR] Warning: The following information is from outside Hideo Kojima 's core \"Metal Gear Saga.\" It has some level of canonicity within the continuity, but reader discretion is advised. [?] [PAR] The San Hieronymo Peninsula , under the control of the FARC guerrillas, was located on the central Colombian coast, almost directly below Cuba. It was home to a secret Soviet missile base during the 1960s and early 1970s . [PAR] Non-\"Metal Gear Saga\" information ends here. [PAR] The Barranquilla Coast is also located in Colombia, which was where Big Boss stationed his army, the Militaires Sans Fronti\u00e8res , in 1974, at the time under the employ of the Colombian government to take out guerilla units. Likewise, almost all of the cocaine drugs that Amanda's FSLN unit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Actress is last nude model for Playboy magazine | INFORUM Actress is last nude model for Playboy magazine | INFORUM [PAR] Actress is last nude model for Playboy magazine [PAR] By Reuters Media on Dec 3, 2015 at 10:55 a.m. [PAR] Actress Pamela Anderson poses at the premiere of \"The Gunman\" in Los Angeles, California March 12, 2015. REUTERS/Mario Anzuoni [PAR] NEW YORK - Pamela Anderson is the last person to pose nude for Playboy magazine, closing a more than 60 year tradition that has seen women ranging from Madonna to Kim Kardashian and Cindy Crawford strip off for the glossy men's publication. [PAR] Recommended for you [PAR] Cowboy cookies a good partner for Wild West-themed Symphony Rocks [PAR] Celebrity outlet Entertainment Tonight said on Thursday the former \"Baywatch\" star, 48, will be featured on the cover of the January/February 2016 edition that will hit newsstands on Dec. 11. [PAR] Playboy, founded in 1953 by Hugh Hefner, announced in October that it would stop publishing nude centerfolds of women, saying they had become outdated due to the plethora of free pornography on the Internet. [PAR] Anderson has appeared on the Playboy cover 13 times since 1989, more than any other celebrity. [PAR] \"I got a call from (Hugh Hefner's) attorney who said, 'We don't want anybody else. There's nobody else, could you do the last cover of Playboy?'\" Anderson told Entertainment Tonight. [PAR] The actress and model said she had checked first with her sons Brandon, 19, and Dylan 17 before agreeing because for years the boys had been \"teased and made fun of, and had a few fist fights over their mom.\" This time both of them encouraged her to do it, she said. [PAR] Anderson said she made the most of her last Playboy photo-shoot. \"I took off all my clothes, and I rolled down the hill as fast as I can,\" she said. \"I was just screaming, and hair and boobs were flying, and shoes were going everywhere.\" [PAR] Playboy featured Marilyn Monroe on its debut cover in 1953, and printed a nude centerfold of the Hollywood actress. But the photo was bought by Hefner from a printer who made calendars and Monroe did not pose nude specifically for the magazine. [PAR] Playboy's circulation has dropped from about 5.6 million in 1975 to around 800,000 in recent years. [PAR] Recommended for you[DOC] [TLE] Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude ... Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue | Las Vegas Review-Journal [PAR] Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue [PAR] Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue [PAR] NDN-VIDEO-40171492809.mov [PAR] Pamela Anderson Will Bare It All on the Cover of Playboy's Final Nude Issue (Entertainment Tonight/Inform) [PAR] Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue [PAR] Actress Pamela Anderson poses at the premiere of \"The Gunman\" in Los Angeles, March 12, 2015. (Mario Anzuoni/Reuters) [PAR] Reuters [PAR] NEW YORK \u2014 Pamela Anderson is the last person to pose nude for Playboy magazine, closing a more than 60-year tradition that has seen women ranging from Madonna to Kim Kardashian and Cindy Crawford strip off for the glossy men's publication. [PAR] Celebrity outlet Entertainment Tonight said on Thursday the former \"Baywatch\" star, 48, will be featured on the cover of the January/February 2016 edition that will hit newsstands on Dec. 11. [PAR] Playboy, founded in 1953 by Hugh Hefner, announced in October that it would stop publishing nude centerfolds of women , saying they had become outdated due to the plethora of free"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Flintstones - The Cartoon Network Wiki - Wikia The Flintstones | The Cartoon Network Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Ended [PAR] Wiki [PAR] The Flinstones is an animated, prime-time American television sitcom that was broadcast from September 30, 1960, to April 1, 1966, on ABC. The show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The Flintstones was about a working-class Stone Age man's life with his family and his next-door neighbor and best friend. The show's continuing popularity rested heavily on its juxtaposition of modern everyday concerns in the Stone Age setting. The Flintstones was the most financially successful network animated franchise for three decades, until The Simpsons debuted. [PAR] The original pilot episode clip was called The Flagstones (which first appeared in 1959 as a 90-second promotion to draw advertisers to the show) and was later reincorporated into the show's first episode (third episode in original air date order). The show's name was changed to The Flintstones shortly thereafter. [PAR] In 1992 reruns of the series began airing on Cartoon Network . Currently The Flintstones airs on Cartoon Network's sister channel Boomerang . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Overview [PAR] The Flinstones follows two Stone Age families, the Flintstones and their neighbors, the Rubbles. Much of the humor was based on its comic portrayals of modern conveniences, reinterpreted using Stone Age 'technology.' Most notably were their cars, complete with absence of floorboards to allow them to be 'foot-powered.' The show is set in the Stone Age town of Bedrock. (In some of the earlier episodes, it was also referred to as \"Rockville\".) In this fantasy version of the past, dinosaurs, saber-toothed tigers, woolly mammoths, and other long-extinct animals co-exist with cavemen. Like their mid-20th century counterparts, these cavemen listen to records, live in split-level homes, and eat out at restaurants, yet their technology is made entirely from pre-industrial materials and largely powered through the use of animals. For example, the cars are made out of stone, wood, and animal skins, and powered by the passengers' feet (as in the theme song, \"Through the courtesy of Fred's two feet\"). [PAR] Often the \"prehistoric\" analog to a modern machine uses an animal. For example, when a character takes photographs with an instant camera, inside the camera box, a bird carves the picture on a stone tablet with its beak. In a running gag, the animal powering such technology would frequently break the fourth wall, look directly into the camera at the audience and offer a mild complaint about his job. Other commonly seen gadgets in the series include a baby woolly mammoth used as a vacuum cleaner; an adult woolly mammoth acting as a shower by spraying water with its trunk; elevators raised and lowered by ropes around brontosauruses' necks; \"automatic\" windows powered by monkeys on the outside; birds acting as \"car horns\", sounded by the driver pulling on their tails or squeezing their bodies; an \"electric\" razor made from a clam shell, vibrating from a honey-bee inside; a pelican as a washing machine, shown with a beakful of soapy water; and a woodpecker whose beak is used to play a gramophone record. In most cases, \"The Man of a Thousand Voices\", Mel Blanc, contributed the animals' gag lines, often lowering his voice one to two full octaves, far below the range he used to voice the character of Barney Rubble. In the case of the Flintstones' cuckoo clocks, which varied from mechanical toys to live birds announcing the time, when the hour approached 12:00, the bird inside the clock \"cuckooing\" usually just ran out of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mark Ronson - Ooh Wee (featuring Ghostface Killah, Nate ... Mark Ronson - Ooh Wee (featuring Ghostface Killah, Nate Dogg, Trife Diesel & Saigon) - YouTube [PAR] Mark Ronson - Ooh Wee (featuring Ghostface Killah, Nate Dogg, Trife Diesel & Saigon) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 19, 2014 [PAR] \u00a9 2003 Elektra Records. \"Ooh Wee\" is a single by english musician, singer, DJ, producer Mark Ronson featuring Nate Dogg, Ghostface Killah (of Wu-Tang Clan), Trife Diesel & Saigon, from 2003 album \"Here Comes the Fuzz\". [PAR] Mark Daniel Ronson (born 4 September 1975) is an English musician, DJ, singer and music producer. [PAR] While his debut album Here Comes the Fuzz failed to make an impact on the charts, his second album, Version, included three top-10 hits and won Ronson a Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist in 2008. His third studio album, Record Collection, was released on 27 September 2010. [PAR] He has also produced multi-platform, Grammy-award-winning albums for artists such as Amy Winehouse and Adele. [PAR] Here Comes the Fuzz is the debut album by English producer Mark Ronson. [PAR] Check the RAPCITY1CHANNEL OFFICIAL WEBSITE (UNFINISHED)[DOC] [TLE] Download Mark Ronson MP3 Songs and Albums | music downloads Download Mark Ronson MP3 Songs and Albums | music downloads [PAR] Website: http://www.markronson.co.uk/ [PAR] Biography [PAR] The English musician Mark Ronson was born in London in 1975. He has been familiar with the music since the very childhood: after the divorce Mark\u2019s mother married the guitarist Mick Jones, thus Ronson found himself in the musical society. Since the age of thirteen he\u2019s been a good friend with Sean Lennon, a son of the legendary The Beatles member John Lennon. Mark entered the New York University and started attending different kinds of musical parties of the Big Apple, including the hip-hop conventions of downtown. Ronson got interested in DJ-ing and managed to achieve certain popularity due to his recognizable sets, which consisted of compositions of absolutely different styles. Mixing the elements of funk, hip-hop and rock Mark attracted the attention to his creativity in no time, and very soon he became one of the most respected DJs of New York. He was often invited to fancy parties where he performed his original sets. [PAR] Thus, Mark managed to create himself a name and started to work on his debut studio album. The record titled Here Comes the Fuzz was released in 2003. The musician wrote all the compositions for that album by himself, created the beats and performed the parts of keyboards, bass-guitar and guitar. Such musicians as Mos Def, Jack White, Sean Paul and many others took part in the recording of Mark\u2019s debut album as well. For one of the brightest songs from Here Comes the FuzzOoh Wee Ronson used the samples of the composition Sunny by Boney M and collaborated with Nate Dogg, Ghostface Killah, Trife Da God and Saigon. Such joint work is a sign of the high level of Mark\u2019s talent and skills, and after the release of Here Comes the Fuzz he worked with many famous performers, such as Christina Aguilera and Robbie Williams. [PAR] Mark Ronson\u2019s second studio work titled Version was issued in 2007. That album includes only the cover-versions of various performers\u2019 songs. Thus, the musician managed to create"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] picture palace definition | English definition dictionary ... picture palace definition | English definition dictionary | Reverso [PAR] 14 to visualize or imagine [PAR] 15 to describe or depict, esp. vividly [PAR] 16 often passive to put in a picture or make a picture of [PAR] they were pictured sitting on the rocks [PAR] (C15: from Latin pictura painting, from pingere to paint) [PAR] living picture [PAR] n another term for \u2192 tableau vivant [PAR] motion picture [PAR] n a U.S. and Canadian term for \u2192 film \u2192 1 [PAR] moving picture [PAR] n a U.S. and Canadian name for \u2192 film \u2192 1 [PAR] picture card [PAR] n another name for \u2192 court card [PAR] picture hat [PAR] n a decorated hat with a very wide brim, esp. as worn by women in paintings by Gainsborough and Reynolds [PAR] picture house [PAR] n (Chiefly Brit) an old-fashioned name for \u2192 cinema \u2192 1a [PAR] picture moulding [PAR] n [PAR] 1 the edge around a framed picture [PAR] 2 (Also called) picture rail the moulding or rail near the top of a wall from which pictures can be hung [PAR] picture palace [PAR] n (Brit) an old-fashioned name for \u2192 cinema \u2192 1a [PAR] picture tube [PAR] n another name for \u2192 television tube [PAR] picture window [PAR] n a large window having a single pane of glass, usually placed so that it overlooks a view [PAR] picture writing [PAR] 1 any writing system that uses pictographs [PAR] 2 a system of artistic expression and communication using pictures or symbolic figures [PAR] word picture[DOC] [TLE] Picture palace | Definition, meaning & more | Collins ... picture palace | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] British an old-fashioned name for cinema (sense 1a) [PAR] Collins English Dictionary. Copyright \u00a9 HarperCollins Publishers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ambassador Bridge Detroit - Destination360 Ambassador Bridge - Ambassador Bridge Detroit [PAR] Ambassador Bridge [PAR] Wineries [PAR] Share [PAR] Ambassador Bridge spans the Detroit River, connecting the city of Windsor in Ontario, Canada, to the Michigan city of Detroit . If you contrast the trade volume of other borders between the United States and Canada or Mexico, the Ambassador Bridge Detroit represents the busiest of all international border crossing points in North America. One of the interesting Ambassador Bridge facts is that it is privately owned and maintained as a profit-making business, very unusual for an international border crossing that is so important. Another of the unusual Ambassador Bridge facts is that its sections from the anchorage points to the main towers are not suspended, but rather supported by a network of deck truss spans. [PAR] The Ambassador Bridge was completed in 1929, and was the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time. The George Washington Bridge in New York City replaced it in the record books in 1931. The state of Michigan, in fact, is distinguished by having built two of the world\u2019s longest suspension bridges. The Mackinac Bridge that connects the two non-contiguous sections of Michigan was the other. The Ambassador Bridge Detroit is now the 60th longest suspension bridge in the world. [PAR] There are several Ambassador Bridge neighborhoods of particular note. Mexicantown, with about a 50 percent population of Hispanics is an emerging center of business and commerce, and (as its name suggests) boasts a number of excellent Mexican restaurants. Plans for a roadway providing direct access to the bridge is sure to make this area even more popular. Downtown Detroit is located along the riverfront just to the northeast of the bridge, and is the central business district. A revitalization of the riverfront has added many new attractions. There are Detroit casinos here, including the Greektown Casino , the MotorCity Casino, and the MGM Grand Casino . This is also the site of numerous Detroit hotels . There are also casinos across the river in Windsor, so many people use the Ambassador Bridge Detroit to get back and forth between them. [PAR] Michigan Map [PAR] Also across the river in Windsor are two other Ambassador Bridge neighborhoods of note. One is Walkerville, the historic center of the city. Here are some of the most beautiful and historic mansions in the area, including the Willistead Manor designed by famed architect Albert Kahn who is often referred to as Detroit\u2019s architect. Ten of his buildings are recognized as Michigan historic landmarks. Sandwich Towne overlooks the bridge. It was founded in 1748 and is the oldest continually occupied town in Canada west of Montreal. [PAR] The sidewalk and bicycle path was closed after the September 11 terrorist attacks, which has led to controversy and complaints from the public. In an attempt to draw attention to the need of this non-vehicle route, the Ambassador Bridge facts added an annual Bike the Bridge event in 2009. Only 60 cyclists participated in that event in which on direction of the roadway was closed to vehicle traffic. The owners of the bridge are cooperating with the event organizers, and this could be a groundbreaking event that could change the ban. [PAR] Hotels"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Earth rotation | History Exploration with Niall Earth rotation | History Exploration with Niall [PAR] History Exploration with Niall [PAR] The greatest WordPress.com site in all the land! [PAR] Tag Archives: Earth rotation [PAR] L\u00e9on Foucault and the Pendulum [PAR] Niall C.E.J. O\u2019Brien [PAR] On the left bank of the Seine, high over the Latin Quarter and the city of Paris stands the Pantheon, the temple of the French nation. Within its walls are images of the great people of France while in its underground crypt the tombs of many famous people lie in peace and honour. The building is designed like a Greek cross with four equal sides capped by a large colonnaded dome. Beneath this dome, in the central crossing of the building, hangs a twenty-eight kilogramme pendulum on a sixty-seven meter cable. This is Foucault\u2019s pendulum where the rotation of the Earth on its axis is measured. [PAR] Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault [PAR] Early life [PAR] The inventor of this pendulum that bears his name was Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault. He was born in Paris on September 18, 1819. [1] Foucault was the son of a male prostitute in the city. After an education received chiefly at home, he studied medicine, which he abandoned in favour of physics due to a fear of blood. He first directed his attention to the improvement of L. J. M. Daguerre\u2019s photographic processes. For three years he was experimental assistant to Alfred Donn\u00e9 (1801\u20131878) in his course of lectures on microscopic anatomy. [2] [PAR] Experiments with Light [PAR] From this work Foucault developed an interest in the properties of light and the movements of the Earth. In September 1855 he discovered the existence of eddy currents. These are produced in a conductor moving in a magnetic field. [3] Foucault observed that the force required for the rotation of a copper disc becomes greater when it is made to rotate with its rim between the poles of a magnet, the disc at the same time becoming heated by the eddy current induced in the metal. [4] [PAR] Foucault continued his scientific studies. In the seventeenth century, a Dutch physicist, Christian Huygens had studied the polarization of light and proposed a wave theory for the movement of light. During the early 1800s, two physicists, Thomas Young of England and Augustine J. Fresnel of France did much to prove Huygens\u2019s theory. By the mid-1800s Foucault was working with another French physicist, Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau on measuring the speed of light. [5] Their collaboration was encouraged by another French physician, Fran\u00e7ois Arago. In 1838 Arago had proposed an experimental method of calculating the speed of light but different circumstances prevented him from conducting practical experiments. By 1850 Arago was ready to implement his theories but his poor eye sight failed him. It was left to Foucault and Fizeau to make the dream a reality. [6] Foucault and Fizeau were both Parisians of the same age (both born in September 1819) and had a shared interest in the properties of light. [7] Also like Foucault, Hippolyte Fizeau\u2019s name appears on the Eiffel Tower honour list of scientists. [8] Using a revolving mirror they made accurate measurements of its speed. In 1862, Foucault determined the speed of light to be 298,000 km/s. This was 10,000 km/s less than that obtained by previous experimenters and only 0.6% off the currently accepted value. [9] [PAR] In 1850 Foucault proved that light travels more slowly in water than in air. He further showed that the speed varies inversely with the index of reflection. [10] This work, using"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caddyshack (1980) - IMDb Caddyshack (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An exclusive golf course has to deal with a brash new member and a destructive dancing gopher. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 14 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 19 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 19 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 04 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Caddyshack \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Two friends who are dissatisfied with their jobs decide to join the army for a bit of fun. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] The Griswold family's cross-country drive to the Walley World theme park proves to be much more arduous than they ever anticipated. [PAR] Director: Harold Ramis [PAR] At a 1962 college, Dean Vernon Wormer is determined to expel the entire Delta Tau Chi Fraternity, but those trouble-makers have other plans for him. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] Irwin M. \"Fletch\" Fletcher is a newspaper reporter being offered a large sum to off a cancerous millionaire, but is on the run, risking his job, and finding clues when it's clear the man is healthy. [PAR] Director: Michael Ritchie [PAR] Three actors accept an invitation to a Mexican village to perform their onscreen bandit fighter roles, unaware that it is the real thing. [PAR] Director: John Landis [PAR] The Griswolds win a vacation tour across Europe where the usual havoc ensues. [PAR] Director: Amy Heckerling [PAR] The Griswold family's plans for a big family Christmas predictably turn into a big disaster. [PAR] Director: Jeremiah S. Chechik [PAR] A Chicago man's hope for a peaceful family vacation in the woods is shattered when the annoying in-laws drop in. [PAR] Director: Howard Deutch [PAR] In the fourth outing for the vacation franchise, the Griswolds have to survive Vegas fever when they go to Las Vegas for a fun family vacation. [PAR] Director: Stephen Kessler [PAR] Bachelor and all round slob, Buck, babysits his brother's rebellious teenage daughter and her cute younger brother and sister. [PAR] Director: John Hughes [PAR] When a crass new-money tycoon's membership application is turned down at a snooty country club, he retaliates by buying the club and turning it into a tacky amusement park. [PAR] Director: Allan Arkush [PAR] A man must struggle to travel home for Thanksgiving with an obnoxious slob of a shower curtain ring salesman as his only companion. [PAR] Director: John Hughes [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Comical goings on at an exclusive golf club. All the members are wealthy and eccentric, and all the staff are poor and slightly less eccentric. The main character is 'Danny'; he's a caddy who will do almost anything to raise money to go to college. There are many subplots, including the assistant green keeper's pursuit of a cute (obviously stuffed) gopher. Written by Rob Hartill [PAR] The Snobs Against The Slobs! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 25 July 1980 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What do Butterflies Taste with? - wiseGEEK What do Butterflies Taste with? [PAR] What do Butterflies Taste with? [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Butterflies taste primarily with their feet, which are covered in tiny sensory organelles. Many can also taste with their proboscis \u2014 an elongated part of the mouth \u2014 but the feet are the primary means of taste. Being able to taste with their feet allows butterflies to taste a flower as soon as they land on it. [PAR] More facts about butterflies: [PAR] Butterflies have very long tongues. Many butterflies have tongues that are as long as their bodies, and one type of moth has a tongue that is three times the length of its body. [PAR] Female butterflies are often larger than male butterflies. [PAR] There are about 115,000 known species of butterflies and moths.[DOC] [TLE] 10 Fascinating Facts About Butterflies 10 Fascinating Facts About Butterflies [PAR] 10 Fascinating Facts About Butterflies [PAR] 10 Fascinating Facts About Butterflies [PAR] Interesting Behaviors and Traits of Butterflies [PAR] Steven Allen/The Image Bank/Getty Images [PAR] By Debbie Hadley [PAR] Updated September 02, 2016. [PAR] From the tiniest blues to the largest swallowtails, colorful butterflies are nature's flying flowers. Everyone is familiar with butterflies, but how much do you really know about these insects? Here are 10 cool facts about butterflies. [PAR] 1. Butterfly wings are transparent. [PAR] How can that be? We know butterflies as perhaps the most colorful, vibrant insects around! A butterfly wing is actually formed by layers of chitin, the protein that makes up an insect's exoskeleton. These layers are so thin you can see right through them. Thousands of tiny scales cover the transparent chitin, and these scales reflect light in different colors. As a butterfly ages, scales fall off the wings, leaving spots of transparency where the chitin layer is exposed. [PAR] 2. Butterflies taste with their feet. [PAR] Taste receptors on a butterfly's feet help it find its host plant and locate food. A female butterfly lands on different plants, drumming the leaves with her feet to make the plant release its juices. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Spines on the back of her legs have chemoreceptors that detect the right match of plant chemicals. When she identified the right plant, she lays her eggs. A butterfly will also step on its food, using organs that sense dissolved sugars to taste food sources like fermenting fruit. [PAR] 3. Butterflies live on an all-liquid diet. [PAR] Speaking of butterflies eating, adult butterflies can only feed on liquids, usually nectar. Their mouthparts are modified to enable them to drink, but they can't chew solids. A proboscis , which functions as a drinking straw, stays curled up under the butterfly's chin until it finds a source of nectar or other liquid nutrition. It then unfurls the long, tubular structure and sips up a meal. [PAR] 4. A butterfly must assemble its proboscis as soon as it emerges from the chrysalis. [PAR] A butterfly that can't drink nectar is doomed, so one of its first jobs as an adult butterfly is to make sure its mouthparts work. When a new adult emerges from the pupal case, or chrysalis , its mouth is in two pieces. Using palpi located adjacent to the proboscis, the butterfly begins working the two parts together to form a single, tubular proboscis. You may see a newly emerged butterfly curling and uncurling the proboscis over and over, testing it out. [PAR] 5. Butterflies drink from mud puddles. [PAR] A butterfly cannot live on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sheffield Shield - A Cricket Article - Sports Pundit Sheffield Shield - A Cricket Article [PAR] Sheffield Shield [PAR] Comments [PAR] The Sheffield Shield got recognized in 1892-93 and is considered as the foremost domestic cricket competition held in Australia. There are around six teams who play these series of 4-day matches annually with every other team. Points are awarded for each team after each win or lose and then top winners would play against each other in the fifth day final match. [PAR] The final match is played at home ground which finishes at the end of the routine season competition. And, if the final is tied, then the top ranked team wins the Sheffield Shield. This four day version of domestic cricket match in Australia attracts crowds from around the world and involves states like New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, Queensland, Western Australia and such states. [PAR] History of the Shield [PAR] To trace back to the history of the Shield, it can be rather interesting to know that it was in 1891-92, that the shield came into existence. The Earl of Sheffield had come to Australia and as the promoter of the English team led by W.G. Grace, scheduled the tour having almost three tests played successively in Melbourne, Sydney and in Adelaide. At the end of the outstanding tour, Lord Sheffield donated 150 pounds to the association of New South Wales Cricket team for the purpose of funding a trophy for the annual tournament held in Australia. There were in general three colonies, the New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria, which were already playing with each other for the matches. [PAR] The summer of 1892-93 seasons saw the commencement of the new tournaments where the three teams competed with each other in each season for the Sheffield Shield, named after its benefactor. There was a competition held as to who would make a better shield and Philip Blashki, a Polish settler won this competition and designed the 43 x 30 inch of silver shield trophy. The competition consequently commenced fifteen years after the first test match of Australia. [PAR] In 1999, the Australian Cricket Board, which is at present, known by the name, Cricket Australia, announced 4 year aid deal that included renaming of the Sheffield Shield to the Pura Milk Cup and then to Pura Cup for next season. The name, Pura is kept after a brand name, Pura of National Foods. With this aid, there was increase in the whole prize money to 220,000 dollars, with winners getting 75,000 dollars and the runners up getting 45,000 dollars at the most. [PAR] Player of the year [PAR] At the end of the each season, the player of the year award is declared and from 1976, it has been awarded to any best performance of the player/s of the season as per the panel of judge\u2019s discussion. Mathew Elliott, South Australian and Victoria batsman had won the award most of the times and also have been awarded Player of the year on three separate occasions in 1994-95, in 1998-99 and in 2003-04 respectively. [PAR] Pura Cup season winners of 2008-09 [PAR] The first season of the Pura Cup was played between Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales in 1892-93. At this season, Victoria won the shield, and South Australia came second with New South Wales at the third place. [PAR] The winner of the Pura Cup season of 2008 \u2013 09 was Victoria, with Second and Third position runner ups being Queensland and South Australia. Tasmania, Western Australia and New South"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - Disney Wiki - Wikia Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] 40,858pages on [PAR] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] Directed by [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was America's first feature-length animated film, as well as the first in the Disney Animated Canon . It was also the first one in English, and the first in Technicolor. It was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Walt Disney Productions , premiered on December 21 , 1937 , and was originally released to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on February 8 , 1938 . The film is an adaptation of the Brothers Grimm fairy tale, in which an evil queen attempts to have her stepdaughter Snow White murdered in jealousy of her beauty, but the girl escapes and is given shelter by seven dwarfs in their cottage in a forest . [PAR] It is generally considered to be Walt Disney 's most significant achievement, his first-ever animated feature. Snow White was the first major animated feature made in the United States, the most successful motion picture released in 1938 , and, adjusted for inflation, is the tenth highest-grossing film of all time. This historical moment in motion picture history changed the medium of animation. Before 1937 , short cartoons took up the majority of American animation. [PAR] The movie was adapted by Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith and was supervised by David Hand, and directed by William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce, and Ben Sharpsteen. Snow White is particularly memorable for songs like \" Heigh-Ho \" and \" Some Day My Prince Will Come \", several frightening and intense sequences, and a style influenced by European storybook illustrations. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Plot [PAR] Prologue [PAR] An ornately decorated book sets the scene: the Evil Queen , who cares only for being \"the fairest one of all\", is jealous of the beauty of her stepdaughter Snow White . She dresses the princess in rags and forces her to become a scullery maid in her castle. Each morning, she consults her Magic Mirror , asking the spirit within who is the fairest of all. The Mirror tells her that she is the fairest, and for a while, she is content. [PAR] The Wishing Well [PAR] One morning, the Mirror tells the Queen that there is a maiden fairer than she: Snow White. Meanwhile, Snow White is in the courtyard, singing \" I'm Wishing \" to herself as she works. The Prince , riding by the castle, hears her voice and is enchanted by it. He climbs over the castle wall, unseen by Snow White, who is singing to her reflection at the bottom of a well. The Prince joins in the singing, which startles and surprises Snow White; she runs indoors, but when he pleads for her to return she comes to the balcony and listens as he sings \" One Song \" to her. Unseen by both, the Queen watches from her window high above. Infuriated at Snow White's beauty (and perhaps jealous for the Prince's affections), she closes the curtains in anger. The Prince smiles at Snow White before leaving. [PAR] The Flight through the Forest [PAR] The Queen summons the Huntsman , whom she orders to take Snow White far into the forest , and kill her; she demands"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Woman attacks Mona Lisa with a cup of tea - Mirror Online Woman attacks Mona Lisa with a cup of tea - Mirror Online [PAR] Woman attacks Mona Lisa with a cup of tea [PAR] A woman was arrested in Paris after attacking the Mona Lisa with a cup of tea. [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] A woman was arrested in Paris after attacking the Mona Lisa with a cup of tea. [PAR] The Russian woman allegedly threw a mug full of the steaming brew over the heads of tourists and scored a direct hit on the most famous work of art in the world. [PAR] The ceramic mug bounced off the bullet-proof glass and shattered on the floor, a stunned security guard at the Louvre said. [PAR] Guards arrested the woman after wrestling her to the ground following the art attack on Sunday, August 2 \u2013 which has only just been reported. [PAR] She is being held in custody and is said to have undergone a psychological examination. [PAR] Doctors were trying to assess whether she was suffering from Stendhal Syndrome, a rare condition that causes dizziness, confusion or violent acts when an individual is exposed to art. [PAR] A police spokesman added: \u201cWe are still establishing her state of mind at the time, though there is a possibility she could be charged with criminal damage.\u201d [PAR] A museum spokesman said: \u201cThere was no damage done to the painting whatsoever. [PAR] \u201cIt is protected by bullet-proof glass almost two centimetres thick, and also contained in a special sealed box to protect it from vibrations and humidity. [PAR] \u201cIt is one of the most well guarded works of art in the world, and it would take more than a well-aimed tea-cup to damage it.\u201d [PAR] A source at the museum claimed the woman had bought the mug of tea at a museum cafe. [PAR] The last attack on a work of art at the Louvre was in 1998, when a mathematics professor attacked a statue of Roman philosopher Seneca with a hammer. [PAR] The Mona Lisa is the only painting ever to have been stolen from the Louvre, in 1911, and then recovered. [PAR] It is owned by the French government and is seen by an estimated 8.5 million people a year."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 12 Greek Words You Should Know - Daily Writing Tips 12 Greek Words You Should Know [PAR] 12 Greek Words You Should Know [PAR] By Daniel Scocco [PAR] Along with Latin, Greek is probably the language that most influenced other languages around the world. Many English words derive directly from Greek ones, and knowing their origin and meaning is important. [PAR] Below you will find 12 Greek words that are commonly used in our society. The next time you hear someone saying \u201cKudos to you,\u201d you will know where it comes from. [PAR] 1. Acme [PAR] The highest point of a structure. The peak or zenith of something. One could say that Rome reached the acme of its power on 117 AD, under the rule of Trajan. [PAR] The acme of modular, factory-built, passively safe reactor design, however, is found in South Africa. People there have been experimenting with so-called pebble-bed reactors for decades. (The Economist) [PAR] 2. Acropolis [PAR] Acro means edge or extremity, while polis means city. Acropolis, therefore, refers to cities that were built with security purposes in mind. The word Acropolis is commonly associated with Greece\u2019s capital Athens, although it can refer to any citadel, including Rome and Jerusalem. [PAR] The Beijing Olympics torch relay reached the ancient Acropolis in Athens on Saturday amid heavy police security and brief demonstrations by small groups of protesters. (New York Times) [PAR] 3. Agora [PAR] The Agora was an open market place, present in most cities of the ancient Greece. Today the term can be used to express any type of open assembly or congregation. [PAR] The most characteristic feature of each settlement, regardless of its size, was a plaza\u2014an open space that acted as a cemetery and may have been a marketplace. It was also, the archaeologists suspect, a place of political assembly, just as the agora in an ancient Greek city was both marketplace and legislature. (The Economist) [PAR] 4. Anathema [PAR] Anathema is a noun and it means a formal ban, curse or excommunication. It can also refer to someone or something extremely negative, disliked or damned. Curiously enough, the original Greek meaning for this word was \u201csomething offered to the gods.\u201d [PAR] Some thinkers argue that while collaboration may work for an online encyclopedia, it\u2019s anathema to original works of art or scholarship, both of which require a point of view and an authorial voice. (USA Today) [PAR] 5. Anemia [PAR] Anemia refers to a condition characterized by a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of the red blood cells (or of the hemoglobin). Over the years, however, the term started to appear in other contexts, referring to any deficiency that lies at the core of a system or organization. [PAR] In comments to the Dallas Morning News, Dallas Fed President Richard Fisher, the lone dissenter in last week\u2019s decision to keep the federal funds target at 2%, said the U.S. faces \u201ca sustained period of anemia\u201d and that \u201cin the second half of this year we will broach zero growth.\u201d Last week Fisher wanted higher rates, his fifth-straight dissent in favor of tighter policy. (The Wall Street Journal) [PAR] 6. Ethos [PAR] Translated literally from the Greek, ethos means \u201caccustomed place.\u201d It refers to a disposition or characteristics peculiar to a specific person, culture or movement. Synonyms include mentality, mindset and values. [PAR] Consumerism needs this infantilist ethos because it favors laxity and leisure over discipline and denial, values childish impetuosity and juvenile narcissism over adult order and enlightened self-interest, and prefers consumption-directed play to spontaneous recreation. (Los Angeles Times) [PAR] 7. Dogma [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vanish Napisan Australia. Trust Pink. Forget Stains. Vanish Napisan Australia. Trust Pink. Forget Stains. [PAR] Vanish keeps your carpets cleaner and [PAR] softer than vacuuming alone! [PAR] Discover The Tip Exchange, the place to [PAR] share tips and ask questions on everything [PAR] laundry related. It's an online community [PAR] that harnesses the knowledge of real [PAR] Australians! Check it out today! [PAR] Try our Oxi Action formula for Amazing [PAR] Stain Removal, Whiter Whites and [PAR] Brilliant Colours![DOC] [TLE] Vanish products reviews - Tryandreview.com Vanish products reviews - Tryandreview.com [PAR] Share [PAR] 5/5 [PAR] Vanish is a brand of stain removing products owned by Reckitt Benckiser, sold in Australia, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom and much of Europe. In North America, these products are sold under the Resolve brand name. [PAR] The product line is not related to the North American Vanish toilet cleaner brand owned by S. C. Johnson. Most Vanish products are designed for removing stains from clothing, with some for removing stains from carpets. [PAR] In Australia, Vanish has replaced 'Preen' in media advertising voiceovers as the name for the pre-treat clothing stain remover, although \"Vanish Preen\" and \"Vanish Napisan\" continue to appear as sub-brands. Vanish's marketing slogan, as of January 2011, is \"Trust Pink, Forget Stains\". [PAR] 2 members reviews"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Countdown - All 4 Countdown - All 4 [PAR] Countdown [PAR] Nick Hewer and Rachel Riley host as contestants race against the clock to pit their wits against vowels, consonants and numbers. Gyles Brandreth is in Dictionary Corner with Susie Dent. [PAR] This programme is subtitled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Othello Navigator: Characters: Cassio, Othello's Lieutenant Othello Navigator: Characters: Cassio, Othello's Lieutenant [PAR] Cassio, Othello's Lieutenant [PAR] When he is telling Roderigo how he was passed over for promotion to lieutenant, Iago describes the man chosen as \"a great arithmetician, / One Michael Cassio, a Florentine, / (A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife), / That never set a squadron in the field\" (1.1.19-22) . This is the only mention of the wife of Cassio, and scholars have guessed that Shakespeare originally thought of Cassio as married, but then changed his mind, but not the line. Whatever, we get the picture. In Iago's eyes, Cassio is the effete geek from Florence. [ Scene Summary ] [PAR] When Iago is telling Othello that Brabantio is coming after him, a group of men with torches appear, and Iago thinks it's Brabantio, but it's Cassio with a message for Othello: \"The duke does greet you, general, / And he requires your haste-post-haste appearance, / Even on the instant\" (1.2.36-38) . Othello steps inside the inn, probably to say goodbye to Desdemona. Cassio asks Iago what's going on, and Iago tells him that Othello is married, but doesn't have time to say to whom before Othello returns. [ Scene Summary ] [PAR] When Brabantio brings his charges against Othello before the Senate, Cassio is present but says nothing. At the end of scene, when Iago is hatching his plan, he reflects that \"Cassio's a proper man\" (1.3.392) . By \"proper\" Iago means \"handsome,\" which in Iago's jealous mind is one more strike against Cassio. If he could get Cassio's job while tearing down Othello, that would double his pleasure. He turns things over in his head a little more, and then everything comes together: \"After some time, to abuse Othello's ear / That he [Cassio] is too familiar with his wife\" (1.3.395-396) . This plan pleases Iago and he goes back over the elements that will make it work. Cassio is handsome and charming, the kind of man who naturally tempts women. [ Scene Summary ] [PAR] Upon his first arrival in Cyprus, Cassio says to Montano and some other Cypriot gentlemen, \"Thanks, you the valiant of this warlike isle, / That so approve the Moor!\" (2.1.43-44) . Cassio is the first of the Venetians to arrive in Cyprus, and while they are all waiting for the rest, Cassio praises Desdemona to the skies. Later in the scene he is extremely gallant to Desdemona, and when he takes her by the hand and smiles, Iago comments, that \"with as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio\" (2.1.168-169) . [ Scene Summary ] [PAR] At the opening of the scene in which Cassio gets drunk, gets into a fight, and loses his job, Othello is reminding him to not let the festivities get out of hand. He says, \"Good Michael, look you to the guard to-night: / Let's teach ourselves that honourable stop, / Not to outsport discretion\" (2.3.1-3) . Cassio replies that he's already told Iago what to do, but that he will also look to things himself. However, he succumbs to Iago's application of peer pressure and drinks much more than he can handle, which he knows is very little. Then, when Iago sends Roderigo to provoke him, Cassio beats Roderigo, and when Montano tries to intervene, Cassio starts to fight with Montano because Montano tells him he is drunk. Cassio wounds Montano and then Othello stops the fight and fires Cassio. The fight sobers up Cassio and he bemoans his loss of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Inns of Court - The Bar Council Inns of Court [PAR] Inns of Court [PAR] Other organisations [PAR] Inns of Court [PAR] The Inns provide support for barristers and students through a range of educational activities, lunching and dining facilities, access to common rooms and gardens and the provision of various grants and scholarships. [PAR] Anyone wishing to join the Bar must join one of the Inns, which are responsible for \"Calling\" barristers to the Bar. The Inns also have a role in administering disciplinary tribunals to deal with more serious complaints against barristers. [PAR] Gray's Inn [PAR] The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn [PAR] The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn lies to the north of the Strand (and the two Temples) and to the south of High Holborn (and Gray's Inn). The present character of Lincoln's Inn owes much to the fact that its precincts and buildings - the medieval Hall and Gateway abutting onto Chancery Lane, the late seventeenth century New Square in the centre, and the magnificent Victorian gothic Great Hall and Library beside Lincoln's Inn Fields - survived nearly unscathed the devastations of the Blitz. Striking as they are, these buildings are not merely architectural and historical tourist attractions, but provide the professional home for many practising members of the Bar and educational facilities for the training of students. It is to meet those needs that the Inn exists, and on which it expends the bulk of its resources. [PAR] Website [PAR] The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn [PAR] The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple [PAR] Inner Temple occupies the eastern half of a site, known as the Temple, which was chosen by the crusading Knights Templar in the twelfth century as their London headquarters. The round church which they constructed there, modelled on the Church of St. Sepulchre in Jerusalem, still forms part of the Temple Church. By the mid-fourteenth century, when the royal courts became permanently sited in Westminster, the Temple had become a home for lawyers who formed two societies there, the Inner and the Middle Temple, each occupying one of the halls constructed by the Templars on the site. Their status was formally recognised in 1608, when James I granted the land jointly to them in perpetuity for the accommodation, entertainment and education of students and practitioners of the law. Although the buildings which it occupies have changed considerably over time, the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple continues to fulfil this role to the present day. [PAR] Website [PAR] The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple [PAR] The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple [PAR] Middle Temple occupies the western half of the land known as the Temple, formerly the London headquarters of the Knights Templar which lies between Fleet Street and the Embankment on the edge of the City of London. The Inn has occupied its present site since the mid-14th century when this Society rented the land from the Knights Hospitaller, who had acquired it following the fall of the Knights Templar. After the Reformation the Temple became the property of the Crown until 1608 when King James I conveyed the lands of the Temple to the Societies of Inner Temple and Middle Temple. The records of the Inn date back to 1501. [PAR] Website [PAR] The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple [PAR] The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn [PAR] There has been law teaching on the site of Gray\u2019s Inn since the reign of Edward III. The first habitation known to have been on or close to the site of the present Hall was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 26. Fourteen Points- Proposed by President Woodrow Wilson ... 26 Fourteen Points Proposed by President Woodrow Wilson these - HIS - 101 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] 26. Fourteen Points- Proposed by President Woodrow Wilson, these terms oF peace included selF-determination, open diplomacy, Freedom oF the seas, disarmament, and the establishment oF the League oF Nations. 27. Social Democratic Party- \u00b1ollowing the abdication oF William II oF Germany, this party proclaimed a republic to avoid the establishment oF a soviet government. 28. Sharif- a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, entitled to wear a green turban or veil. 29. Mandates- the authority to carry out a policy or course of action, regarded as given by the electorate to a candidate or party that is victorious in an election. 30. Ataturk- Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938) 31. David Lloyd George- He was the British representative at the Paris Peace ConFerence in 1919. Seeking retribution against Germany, he repudiated Wilson's \u00b1ourteen Points. 32. Georges Clemenceau- He represented \u00b1rance at the Paris ConFerence. He too sought vengeance against Germany. 33. Woodrow Wilson- was the 28th President of the United States, serving two terms from 1913-1919. 34. Balfour Declaration- An agreement by which the British promised the Jews a national home in Palestine. 35. Spartacus Group- \u201cSpartakusbund\u201d 1916\u2013 19 A German revolutionary socialist group led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht 1871\u2013 1919, and named for Spartacus, the leader of the 73 BC slave revolt against Rome. It formed the nucleus of theGerman Communist Party and was bloodily suppressed in 1919 with its leaders bei ng killed. [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] Hannah Smith 4-8-16 Ch. 26 Terms [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] TERM [PAR] Oak Hill High School [PAR] HIS 101 - Spring 2016 [PAR] The Hunger Games By. Suzanne Collins The Hunger Games begins on the day of the reapin [PAR] 5NovelsSimilartoTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.docx[DOC] [TLE] Sharif - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Sharif [PAR] Sharif [PAR] a male given name: from an Arabic word meaning \"exalted.\" [PAR] * * * [PAR] \u25aa Arabic title [PAR] Arabic shar\u012bf (\u201cnoble\u201d or \u201chigh-born\u201d) , plural ashr\u0101f [PAR] Arabic title of respect, restricted, after the advent of Islam, to members of Muhammad's clan of H\u0101shim\u2014in particular, to descendants of his uncles al-\u02bfAbb\u0101s and Ab\u016b \u1e6c\u0101lib and of the latter's son \u02bfAl\u012b by Muhammad's daughter F\u0101\u1e6dimah. In the Hejaz (western coast of Arabia), the title of sharif is said to have been further restricted to the descendants of \u1e24asan, the elder son of \u02bfAl\u012b and F\u0101\u1e6dimah. Sharifs originally were heads of prominent families in a town. Later they supplied the local semiautonomous rulers of Mecca and Medina, especially when the cities were under the suzerainty of Baghdad and Cairo, while after the establishment of Ottoman rule, the Ottomans normally recognized the senior representative of the sharifs as prince of Mecca. [PAR] * * * [PAR] shark [PAR] Look at other dictionaries: [PAR] Sharif \u2014 Shar\u012bf (Arabic: \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641) is a traditional Arab tribal title given to those who serve as the protector of the tribe and all tribal assets, such as property, wells, and land.Primarily Sunnis in the Arab world reserve the term sharif for descendants of \u2026 Wikipedia [PAR] Sharif \u2014 ist der Familienname von: Nawaz Sharif (* 1949), ehemaliger Premierminister von Pakistan Omar Sharif (* 1932), \u00e4gyptischer Schauspieler Siehe auch: Shariff, Begriffskl\u00e4rung Diese Seite ist eine \u2026 Deutsch Wikipedia [PAR] sharif \u2014 (n.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Understand - GuideWithMe 138 [PAR] See the 5 day forecast for Glasgow at the Met Office [PAR] For the visitor, central Glasgow can be divided into two main areas, the City Centre, which contains the majority of tourist sights and much of the city's shopping and entertainment, as well as its commercial heart, and the West End, the bohemian area of caf\u00e9s, restaurants and bars surrounding the University of Glasgow and Kelvingrove Museum. The best way to get good vistas of the city is to climb the many \"drumlins\" (hills) upon which the central area is built. [PAR] Outside of central Glasgow, the East End lies east of the City Centre centred along Gallowgate and London Road. The South Side contains the neighbourhoods that lie to the south of the River Clyde, while the North Side is the area north of central Glasgow. Along the banks of the River Clyde west of the City Centre is an old industrial area which is in the process of regeneration and contains many new and impressive structures, such as the Clyde Auditorium, the Science Centre and the Riverside Museum. [PAR] City Centre [PAR] Sir Walter Scott Monument in George Square [PAR] The City Centre (known as \"town\" or \"the toon\" to locals) is bounded by the M8 motorway to the north and west, High Street to the east, and the River Clyde to the south. This is the area where most visitors will start, and the most notable elements are the grid plan of streets and the lavish Victorian and Edwardian buildings and civic squares which give the area much of its character. The main arteries of the City Centre are Argyle Street and Sauchiehall Street which both run on an east-west axis. They are linked by Buchanan Street which runs north-south. Together, these three streets form the main shopping thoroughfares. [PAR] The eastern side of the City Centre is a sub-district known as Merchant City, which contains Glasgow's original medieval core, centred around the Glasgow Cross (the junction of Trongate, Saltmarket, High Street, Gallowgate and London Road). Merchant City extends up to George Square, with many ornate buildings that date back to Glasgow's emergence as an industrial city. High Street north of the Glasgow Cross is the main artery of Old Glasgow and leads uphill to the Glasgow Cathedral and the Necropolis cemetery. [PAR] The western area of the City Centre contains the city's core commercial and business district and is dominated by Blythswood Hill, which is centred around Blythswood Square. Running parallel to Sauchiehall Street, Bath Street is the main route into the neighbourhood and has a rich mix of independent shops and bars, as well as distinctive Georgian town house style architecture. South of Blythswood Hill is the city's financial district, with many modern glass and steel office buildings which stand alongside their classical counterparts. Further south, on the north bank of the River Clyde is the district of Anderston, formerly a dockland area, badly scarred by the city's industrial decline and the urban regeneration schemes of the 1960s but now being redeveloped as a residential and commercial area. [PAR] West End [PAR] To the west of the City Centre, no official definition of where the West End boundary line exists, but it can roughly be defined as being bounded by the M8 motorway to the east, Great Western Road to the north, the River Clyde to the South and Crow Road to the west. The nucleus of the area is undoubtedly the neo-Gothic University of Glasgow, which acts as the anchor for this bohemian district, with its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keith harris dead at 67: 20 puppets from '80s kids TV ... Keith harris dead at 67: 20 puppets from '80s kids TV shows puppets we adored | Metro News [PAR] Ross McG for Metro.co.uk Tuesday 28 Apr 2015 3:02 pm [PAR] Ventriloquist Keith Harris and Orville the Duck (Picture: PA) [PAR] You couldn\u2019t flick on the television in the 1980s without seeing a puppet beaming back at you. [PAR] All you needed for kids TV gold back then was an expressive piece of felt or plastic and someone to bring it to life. [PAR] Ventriloquist Keith Harris, who has died after a battle with cancer , was the man and voice behind Orville the Duck and Cuddles the Monkey, two of the best loved puppets 30 years ago in Britain. [PAR] But they weren\u2019t the only characters we loved: here are some of the other puppets whose antics defined the childhoods of a generation. [PAR] 1. Orville the Duck [PAR] The King Kong of ventriloquist puppets, they don\u2019t get any bigger than Orville, which is why the original figure of the fuzzy green bird is insured for \u00a3100,000. [PAR] Whatever Orville\u2019s future in the wake of Harris\u2019s death, we will always have Orville\u2019s Song . [PAR] Orville and his creator, Keith Harris (Picture: REX Shutterstock) [PAR] 2. Cuddles the Monkey [PAR] In a clever move, Harris made Orville all sweetness and light and Cuddles a cheeky chappie. A cheeky chappie who hated Orville. [PAR] Cuddles the Monkey liked mocking Orville (Picture: ITV/REX Shutterstock) [PAR] 3. Emu [PAR] Ventriloquist Rod Hull and his creation Emu may have come to prominence in the 1970s \u2013 just ask Michael Parkinson \u2013 but their antics continued into the \u201980s in a series of TV shows. [PAR] Emu tries to take a chunk out of Rod Hull (Picture: ITV/REX Shutterstock) [PAR] 4. Sooty [PAR] Glove puppet Sooty was created in 1948 and is still on TV now, making his the longest running children\u2019s television programme in UK history. [PAR] Operated first by Harry Corbett and later his son Matthew, Sooty was always trigger-happy with his water pistol, the little scamp. Didn\u2019t say much though. [PAR] If you found him annoying, chances are you put your foot through the TV when his mate Sweep joined him on screen. [PAR] Sooty, Matthew and a thankfully quiet Sweep (Picture: REX) [PAR] 5. Gordon the Gopher [PAR] Spawned in the Broom Cupboard on BBC in the mid-1980s, Gordon quickly got promoted to Going Live! on Saturday mornings, where a puppy once attacked him. His jacket was a gift to him from Adam Ant. [PAR] Those who would love to see him reunited with co-presenter Phillip Schofield on This Morning might be disappointed \u2013 Schofield has often spoken in the past about Gordon\u2019s alcohol problem. [PAR] Standing on the shoulder of giant Phil (Picture: REX Shutterstock) [PAR] 6. Zig and Zag [PAR] These puppets from outer space gravitated from Irish kids\u2019 show Dempsey\u2019s Den on RTE to UK domination through The Big Breakfast on Channel 4. And the British public obviously still love them \u2013 they\u2019re set for a comeback next year. [PAR] Their 2 Unlimited-inspired hit, Them Girls , is one for the musical ages. [PAR] Zig and Zag were as shocked by the latest Grey\u2019s Anatomy episode as anyone (Picture: REX Shutterstock) [PAR] 7. Orm and Cheep [PAR] Narrated by Richard Briers (wasn\u2019t the entire 1980s narrated by Richard Briers?), Orm and Cheep were a worm and bird combo who somehow learned to live together. [PAR] Looking a bit like cast-offs from The Dark Crystal,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William the Conqueror's tomb - Review of Abbaye aux Hommes ... William the Conqueror's tomb - Review of Abbaye aux Hommes (Men's Abbey), Caen, France - TripAdvisor [PAR] Attraction details [PAR] Recommended length of visit: 1-2 hours [PAR] Owner description: The Men's Abbey - An architectural masterpiece of medieval art and 18th century Guided tours or self-guided tours of the monastic buildings (City Hall) In the 11th century, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England, transformed Caen into one of the most powerful cities of its time, which the Men's Abbey is one of the most striking buildings from this period. Born in Falaise in 1027, William was the son of Robert the Magnificent, the future Duke of Normandy, and Herleva, a tanner\u2019s daughter. Upon his father\u2019s death, William became the designated sole heir to the ducal throne. His succession to the throne was challenged by the barons, who considered William to be Robert\u2019s illegitimate son. William quashed the rebels once and for all in 1047 and became the undisputed Duke of Normandy. Towards 1050, William married his distant cousin Matilda of Flanders, despite opposition from Pope Leo IX. The Church forbade their marriage, so Matilda and William sought atonement by founding the Abbayeaux- Dames, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and the Abbaye-aux-Hommes, dedicated to Saint-Etienne. Work began on the Abbaye-aux-Hommes in 1066, the year that marked the Norman conquest of England. Edward, the King of England, had named William, the Duke of Normandy, to be his successor. Upon Edward\u2019s death and betrayed by Harold, Edward\u2019s brother-in-law, William took up arms to assert his claim to the throne. William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14th October 1066. William was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey on 25th December 1066, whereupon he became William \u00abthe Conqueror\u00bb. On 9th September 1087, he died in Rouen. According to his wishes, he was buried in the Abbey Church of Saint-Etienne in Caen. Abbey Church of Saint-Etienne Consecrated in 1077, the abbey church represents the oldest part of the site, with most of the features dating back to the 11th and 13th Centuries. The choir was redesigned in the 13th Century to reflect the prevailing Gothic style and is home to the tomb of William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and King of England. Monastic buildings The monastery was erected in the 11th Century, but destroyed during the First War of Religion (1562-63), before being rebuilt in the 18th Century. The monastic buildings are built around a Tuscan-style cloister epitomising the classical Italian style. The buildings are today headquarters of Caen City Hall. Together with the recently refurbished Place Saint- Sauveur, the Abbaye-aux-Hommes represents a unique heritage site. Medieval buildings and agricultural buildings The abbey also used to be a farm and an inn. It still houses a cider press, a carriage house and a bakery. Two 14th Century buildings bear witness to the abbey\u2019s former role as a place of refuge and a political venue. - Palais Ducal, which was restored between 2012 and 2013, now hosts the city\u2019s art library and its collection of contemporary art. - The Guardroom, where City Council meetings take place. [PAR] There are newer reviews for this attraction"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judaism's Naming Ceremonies for Girls Judaism's Naming Ceremonies for Girls [PAR] By Caryn Meltz [PAR] Updated February 23, 2016. [PAR] It\u0092s a girl! When do you name her? When should you throw the party? After eight days, two weeks, a month? [PAR] As opposed to a brit, circumcision, of a boy on the eighth day, there are no explicit rituals for a girl. Instead, there are customs for a Simchat Bat, celebration of a birth of a daughter. [PAR] The Aramaic words for Simchat Bat are Zeved Bat which means gift -- G-d gave me a good present. Rabbi Moses Maimonides (Rambam), a 12th century philosopher, explains the words to mean that this is a good material or better yet this is a good branch -- that the daughter is the mother of the family in which many other branches stem. [PAR] Naming a Baby [PAR] Most Ashkenazi Jews name a baby girl the first Sabbath after she is born, but it\u0092s acceptable to name her at any Torah reading (the Torah is read Monday and Thursday mornings as well as holidays and the Sabbath). The father is called up to the Torah and the child is given her name. A special prayer is also said at this time for the well being of the mother and daughter. [PAR] The prayer starts off with mentioning the patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. If the mother is present she says a Thanksgiving Prayer, or her husband can say it on her behalf. In general, the Thanksgiving Prayer is said when one has survived a life threatening situation and delivering a baby falls into this category. [PAR] Many Sephardi Jews also name the baby at the Torah reading and in addition read a verse from Song of Songs, chapter 2, verse 14, \u0093At the sea He said to me, \u0091O My dove, trapped at the sea as if in the clefts of the rock, the concealment of the terrace. Show Me your prayerful gaze, let Me hear your supplicating voice, for your voice is sweet and your countenance comely.\u0092\u0094 If the girl is the first born, an additional verse from Song of Songs is said, chapter 6, verse 9, \u0093Unique is she, My constant dove, My perfect one. Unique is she, this nation striving for the truth; pure is she to Jacob who begot her. Nations saw her and acclaimed her; queens and concubines, and they praised her.\u0094 In contrast to the Ashkanzim\u0092s blessing which begins with the patriarchs, the one by the Sepharadim begins with the matriarchs: Sara, Rebecca, Rachel and Leah. [PAR] In some Sephardi communities the girl is only named at home. They believe that the mother and baby shouldn\u0092t leave the house for a month and therefore the naming is done at home so both mother and daughter can be present for it. There are also various customs performed to ward off the evil eye. [PAR] Modern Day Simchat Bat [PAR] The birth of a child is a momentous occasion that we all want to share with everyone around us. That is why we, in modern day times, have created a more formal service of bringing our daughters into the world -- into the covenant with G-d -- the same as what we do for our sons. Since there is no specific format to go by, people have created their own traditions as to when to have a \u0093party\u0094 for the baby -- celebrate the Simchat Bat -- and what rituals, if any, are performed at the festivity. [PAR] Some have a light meal after synagogue the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Owl And The Pussy-Cat - Poem by Edward Lear The Owl And The Pussy-Cat Poem by Edward Lear - Poem Hunter [PAR] The Owl And The Pussy-Cat Poem by Edward Lear - Poem Hunter [PAR] The Owl And The Pussy-Cat - Poem by Edward Lear [PAR] Your browser does not support the audio element. [PAR] Autoplay next poem [PAR] The Owl and the Pussy-cat went to sea [PAR] In a beautiful pea green boat, [PAR] They took some honey, and plenty of money, [PAR] Wrapped up in a five pound note. [PAR] The Owl looked up to the stars above, [PAR] And sang to a small guitar, [PAR] 'O lovely Pussy! O Pussy my love, [PAR] What a beautiful Pussy you are, [PAR] You are, [PAR] What a beautiful Pussy you are!' [PAR] Pussy said to the Owl, 'You elegant fowl! [PAR] How charmingly sweet you sing! [PAR] O let us be married! too long we have tarried: [PAR] But what shall we do for a ring?' [PAR] They sailed away, for a year and a day, [PAR] To the land where the Bong-tree grows [PAR] And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood [PAR] With a ring at the end of his nose, [PAR] His nose, [PAR] With a ring at the end of his nose. [PAR] 'Dear pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling [PAR] Your ring?' Said the Piggy, 'I will.' [PAR] So they took it away, and were married next day [PAR] By the Turkey who lives on the hill. [PAR] They dined on mince, and slices of quince, [PAR] Which they ate with a runcible spoon; [PAR] And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand, [PAR] They danced by the light of the moon, [PAR] The moon,[DOC] [TLE] The Owl and the Pussycat by Edward Lear, funny wedding ... The Owl and the Pussycat by Edward Lear, funny wedding readings [PAR] The Owl and the Pussycat by Edward Lear [PAR] [PAR] The Owl and the Pussy-cat went to sea [PAR] In a beautiful pea green boat, [PAR] They took some honey, and plenty of money, [PAR] Wrapped up in a five pound note. [PAR] The Owl looked up to the stars above, [PAR] And sang to a small guitar, [PAR] 'O lovely Pussy! O Pussy my love, [PAR] What a beautiful Pussy you are, [PAR] You are, You are! [PAR] What a beautiful Pussy you are! [PAR] Pussy said to the Owl, 'You elegant fowl! [PAR] How charmingly sweet you sing! [PAR] O let us be married! too long we have tarried: [PAR] But what shall we do for a ring?' [PAR] They sailed away, for a year and a day, [PAR] To the land where the Bong-tree grows [PAR] And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood [PAR] With a ring at the end of his nose, [PAR] His nose,His nose, [PAR] With a ring at the end of his nose. [PAR] 'Dear pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling [PAR] Your ring?' Said the Piggy, 'I will.' [PAR] So they took it away, and were married next day [PAR] By the Turkey who lives on the hill. [PAR] They dined on mince, and slices of quince, [PAR] Which they ate with a runcible spoon; [PAR] And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand, [PAR] They danced by the light of the moon, [PAR] The moon,The moon, [PAR] They danced by the light of the moon."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ... The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire - Wikiquote [PAR] The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire [PAR] From Wikiquote [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Vol. 1, 1776; Vols. II-III, 1781; Vols. IV-VI, 1788) by Edward Gibbon . One of the most famous historical works written in any language and covering over 1000 years of history, from the end of the Antonine dynasty to the fall of Constantinople . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Volume I[ edit ] [PAR] Trajan was ambitious of fame; and as long as mankind shall continue to bestow more liberal applause on their destroyers than on their benefactors, the thirst of military glory will ever be the vice of the most exalted characters. [PAR] Chapter I [PAR] The terror of the Roman arms added weight and dignity to the moderation of the emperors. They preserved peace by a constant preparation for war; and while justice regulated their conduct, they announced to the nations on their confines, that they were as little disposed to endure, as to offer an injury. [PAR] Chapter I [PAR] Yet Phoenicia and Palestine will forever live in the memory of mankind; since America, as well as Europe, has received letters from the one, and religion from the other. [PAR] Chapter I [PAR] That public virtue which among the ancients was denominated patriotism, is derived from a strong sense of our own interest in the preservation and prosperity of the free government of which we are members. Such a sentiment, which had rendered the legions of the republic almost invincible, could make but a very feeble impression on the mercenary servants of a despotic prince; and it became necessary to supply that defect by other motives, of a different, but not less forcible nature; honour and religion. [PAR] Chapter I [PAR] The masters of the fairest and most wealthy climates of the globe turned with contempt from gloomy hills, assailed by the winter tempest, from lakes concealed in a blue mist, and from cold and lonely heaths, over which the deer of the forest were chased by a troop of naked barbarians. [PAR] Chapter I [PAR] The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful. [PAR] Chapter II [PAR] Volume II[ edit ] [PAR] In the various states of society, armies are recruited from very different motives. Barbarians are urged by the love of war; the citizens of a free republic may be prompted by a principle of duty; the subjects, or at least the nobles, of a monarchy, are animated by a sentiment of honor; but the timid and luxurious inhabitants of a declining empire must be allured into the service by the hopes of profit, or compelled by the dread of punishment. [PAR] Chapter XVII [PAR] The general peace which [Constantine] maintained during the last fourteen years of his reign, was a period of apparent splendour rather than of real prosperity; and the old age of Constantine was disgraced by the opposite yet reconcilable vices of rapaciousness and prodigality. [PAR] Chapter XVIII [PAR] Volume III[ edit ] [PAR] The son of Theodosius passed the slumber of his life, a captive in his palace, a stranger in his country, and the patient, almost the indifferent, spectator of the ruin of the Western empire, which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] F. Scott Fitzgerald | Biography, Books and Facts F. Scott Fitzgerald | Biography, Books and Facts [PAR] [Cite This] [PAR] F. Scott Fitzgerald [PAR] Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, an author well known for his short stories and novels, was born on September 24th, 1896 in Saint Paul, Minnesota to an upper middle class family. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers American soil has produced in the 20th century. [PAR] Being from a practicing Catholic family, Scott started his education from Catholic schools in 1903. Since early age Scott developed a reputation of being a boy with unusual aptitude and keen interest in literature. Young Scott\u2019s first publication The Mystery of the Raymond Mortgage was a detective story issued in school\u2019s newspaper at the age of 13. In 1913 Scott was enrolled in Princeton University where his love for theater and writing really came to the fore. He wrote many short stories for Princeton Tiger, a college humor magazine published by Princeton University and scripts for Princeton Triangle Club, a musical comedy society. His association with Triangle Club provided him with an opportunity to submit his first novel, The Romantic Egoist to Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons a renowned publisher and editor of his time. Charles though praised the writing yet rejected the book. Although, it proved to be a great success when finally published after three revisions as This Side of Paradise. In 1917 Fitzgerald left university to join army during World War I. However; war ended soon after his acceptance in army. In 1919 Scott moved to New York City after his discharge from the army. [PAR] 1920\u2019s was the most influential decade of Scott\u2019s life. He got married with his ex-fianc\u00e9e Zelda in 1920. They had a daughter Frances Scott in 1922. His masterpiece novel \u2018The Great Gatsby\u2019 was published in 1925. Scott had a number of excursions to Paris and developed close relations with many members of American community there. He also established acquaintance with Ernest Hemingway an American author and journalist. However this friendship remained shadowed mostly. The sore point of this friendship was that Hemingway never approved selling of Scott\u2019s stories and novels to Hollywood studios. [PAR] Many of Scott\u2019s short stories are autobiographical reflection to his and Zelda\u2019s relation. His first collection of short stories \u2018Flappers and Philosophers\u2019 was published in 1920 followed by his second collection, \u2018Tales of the Jazz Age\u2019 in 1922. His second novel, The Beautiful and the Damned, also adapted to the screen, was published the same year. By the end of 20\u2019s Scott had published three novels and had already begun his fourth one but was sidetracked by financial difficulties courtesy of his lavish life style. These crises necessitated his writing commercial short stories. This book was finally published in 1934 as Tender is the Night. Critics had mixed opinion about the novel. [PAR] In the mid of 1930s, forced by his financial condition, Scott found himself working on commercial short stories and scripts for Hollywood. This gave him basis for his fifth and final novel which was published posthumously. Scott died before he could complete this novel and left behind extensive notes for the unwritten part. This manuscript was edited by his friend Edmund Wilson and in 1941 the book once started as The love of the Last Tycoon was published as The Last Tycoon. [PAR] On 21st December 1940 Fitzgerald died of a massive heart attack. His work has inspired writers ever since he was first published. T.S Eliot, one of the most important and admired poet of 20th century, wrote in his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football World Cup winners list | FIFA soccer WC champion ... Football World Cup winners list | FIFA soccer WC champion teams, history [PAR] Football World Cup winners list [PAR] Published on [PAR] Jun 20, 2014 [PAR] Take a close look at the greatest football teams on earth: the FIFA World Cup champions. [PAR] The World Cup, also known as the Mundial or Copa do Mundo, has been held 19 times since it inaugural tournament in 1930. It has been won by eight different teams, with Brazil having the most World Cup titles with five, followed by Italy with four, and West Germany with three. Argentina and Uruguay have two titles each while England, France, and Spain have one title. [PAR] Below is a year-by-year account of all the World Cup champion teams. [PAR] 1930 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Uruguay 4-2 Argentina [PAR] Host country: Uruguay [PAR] The 1930 World Cup was staged in Uruguay and it was the host country that won the championship. In the final match, the Uruguayans saw themselves trailing behind Argentina by 2-1 but managed to turn things around in the second half by scoring three goals. Uruguay became the first World Cup winner with a 4-2 score. [PAR] 1934 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia (Extra time) [PAR] Host country: Italy [PAR] The 1934 World Cup was once again won by the host country and this time it was Italy that took the trophy. Playing against Czechoslovakia, Italy imposed a very tough defense but the visiting team breached the Italian line in the 70th to lead 1-0. Italy retaliated to make the game 1-1 before the end of regulation and bagged the win in overtime by a 2-1 tally. [PAR] 1938 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Italy 4-2 Hungary [PAR] Host country: France [PAR] Italy retained its crown in the 1938 World Cup in France. In the final match against Hungary, the Italians broke clear with a 3-1 score at halftime and finished the game 4-2. [PAR] 1950 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Uruguay 2-1 Brazil [PAR] Host country: Brazil [PAR] The World Cup was not staged again until 1950 because of the Second World War. Played in Brazil, this edition of the Mundial saw one of the biggest upsets in football history when the host country lost to the Uruguay football team. [PAR] Brazil was highly favored to win in the final match with Uruguay, which was lowly rated after not qualifying in the two previous World Cups. The Brazilians scored two minutes into the second half and everything seemed to be going well for them. However, Uruguay tied on the 66th minute mark and scored anew on the 79th to steal the 1950 World Cup trophy. [PAR] 1954 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: West Germany 3-2 Hungary [PAR] Host country: Switzerland [PAR] The 1954 World Cup saw another major upset: In the group stage, the Hungarians trashed West Germany 8-3 and was highly favored to win when the two teams met again in the final. Scoring two goals after only eight minutes, the Hungarian football team looked like they were on a smooth way to the Mundial trophy. However, West Germany equalized within the first half and, just five minutes before the end of regulation, broke away with another goal to win 3-2. [PAR] 1958 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Brazil 5-2 Sweden [PAR] Host country: Sweden [PAR] Host Sweden matched up against Brazil in the final of the 1958 World Cup. The Swedish football team opened the scoring but found"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Atelectasis? - NHLBI, NIH What Is Atelectasis? - NHLBI, NIH [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Blogger. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Buzz. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Delicious. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Digg. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Facebook. [PAR] Add this link to the NHLBI to my browser. [PAR] Email this page with Gmail. [PAR] Bookmark this page with Google. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on LinkedIn. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Messenger. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on MySpace. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Reddit. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Stumble. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Tumblr. [PAR] Share this page from the NHLBI on Twitter. [PAR] What Is Atelectasis? [PAR] Atelectasis (at-uh-LEK-tuh-sis) is a condition in which one or more areas of your lungs collapse or don't inflate properly. If only a small area or a few small areas of the lungs are affected, you may have no signs or symptoms. [PAR] If a large area or several large areas of the lungs are affected, they may not be able to deliver enough oxygen to your blood. This can cause symptoms and complications. [PAR] Overview [PAR] To understand atelectasis, it helps to understand how the lungs work . Your lungs are organs in your chest that allow your body to take in oxygen from the air. They also help remove carbon dioxide (a waste gas that can be toxic) from your body. [PAR] When you breathe, air passes through your nose and mouth into your windpipe. The air then travels to your lungs' air sacs. These sacs are called alveoli (al-VEE-uhl-eye). [PAR] Small blood vessels called capillaries run through the walls of the air sacs. When air reaches the air sacs, the oxygen in the air passes through the air sac walls into the blood in the capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the air sacs. This process is called gas exchange. [PAR] The air sacs must remain open and filled with air for this process to work right. Surfactant (sur-FAK-tant), a liquid that coats the inside of the lungs, helps the air sacs stay open. Deep breathing and coughing also help keep the air sacs open. (Coughing helps clear mucus and other substances from your airways.) [PAR] In atelectasis, part of the lung collapses or doesn't inflate. The air sacs in that part of the lung are no longer filled with air. As a result, they can't take part in gas exchange. [PAR] If only a small area or a few small areas of the lungs are affected, you may have no signs or symptoms. This is because the rest of the lung can bring in enough oxygen to make up for the collapsed part of the lung. [PAR] If atelectasis affects a large area or several large areas of the lungs, your body's organs and tissues may not get enough oxygen-rich blood. [PAR] Conditions and factors that keep the lungs from properly expanding and filling with air can cause atelectasis. For example, atelectasis is very common after surgery. [PAR] The medicine used during surgery to temporarily put you to sleep can decrease or stop your normal effort to breathe and urge to cough. Sometimes, especially after chest or abdominal surgery, pain may keep you from wanting to take deep breaths. As a result, part of your lungs may collapse or not inflate right."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chile's Official Language - Chile Travel Guide - Pepe's ... Chile's Official Language - Chile Travel Guide - Pepe's Chilean Adoration Page [PAR] Travel > [PAR] Chile's Official Language [PAR] Chile's official language is Spanish. If you want to be able to speak with a Chilean, use Spanish. [PAR] Spanish [PAR] Chileans, like many Latin Americans, speak Spanish as their primary language. When asked what language they speak, Chileans will often respond \"Castellano\" or Castilian instead of \"Espa\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdol.\" Chileans have adapted Spanish with their own slang and manner of speaking . [PAR] English [PAR] The English language is taught in schools and is the language of international business. The English taught in grade schools isn't really enough for fluent conversations with a native English speaker. If you will be visiting heavy tourist spots, odds are your guide or those with whom you interact will speak enough English to get the point across. [PAR] German [PAR] Southern Chile has several areas with rich German heritage. You may find some people here that speak German. [PAR] Indigenious Languages [PAR] Chile does have some indigenious residents that have preserved their native languages. These people are found in the extreme north and southern parts of the country as well as on Easter Island. [PAR] Need Help with Your Spanish? [PAR] If you are headed to Chile and need some help with your Spanish, take along a Spanish pocket reference guide . This will give you the basic phrases you need to communicate with the locals. [PAR] Are you going to Chile? [PAR] Chilean Spanish is just one of the cultural challenges you'll find during your stay in Chile. Avoid culture shock by reading the Gringo's Culture Guide to Chile .[DOC] [TLE] What language is spoken in Santiago? - Santiago, CL ... What language is spoken in Santiago? - Santiago, CL - Forbes Travel Guide [PAR] What language is spoken in Santiago? [PAR] Santiago [PAR] Correspondent [PAR] Santiago, Chile, South America [PAR] Spanish is the official language in Chile... although some Spanish speakers may struggle to pick it up at first. [PAR] Fourteen million of Chile's 16 million population speak Spanish as their first language. A few communities have their own indigenous languages: the Mapuche people speak Mapudungun; the people of Easter Island speak Rapa Nui; and in the far north, Quechua is spoken. [PAR] Chilean Spanish is fast, furious and the end syllables are often missed off. To my ear, it sounds like the Chileans are eating their words. [PAR] After a few weeks, however, you acclimatize to the new lilt and words start to form in the air around you. [PAR] One additional element that may take you by surprise are the Mapuche words that have worked their way into the nation's dialect. You'll first come across these in place names, like Manquehue Metro station in Las Condes ('manquehue' means 'place of condors'). [PAR] Many people, especially in the cities, speak English, but best get ahold of a phrase book so you know a few words when you arrive. [PAR] Related Questions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French/Vocabulary/Fruit - Wikibooks, open books for an ... French/Vocabulary/Fruit - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] French/Vocabulary/Fruit [PAR] This list includes common edible fruits. [PAR] Apple: la pomme [PAR] Coconut: la noix de coco [PAR] Date: la datte [PAR] Lime: le citron vert, la lime [PAR] Lychee: le litchi [PAR] Seed: p\u00e9pin (example: ces raisins ne contiennent pas de p\u00e9pins) [PAR] Shell: la coquille (example: la coquille d'une noix) [PAR] Stone: le noyau (example: le noyau d'une cerise) [PAR] Seel: la pelure [PAR] To peel: peler (example: peler une pomme) [PAR] Temperate fruits : Rosaceae[ edit ] [PAR] Loquat: la n\u00e8fle du Japon [PAR] Medlar: la n\u00e8fle [PAR] Bramble fruits[ edit ] [PAR] Blackberry: la m\u00fbre sauvage (fruit de la ronce commune, ronce des haies, ronce des bois, m\u00fbrier sauvage, m\u00fbrier des haies, m\u00fbrier de renard, aronce) [PAR] Raspberry: la framboise [PAR] The true berries are dominated by the family Ericaceae[ edit ] [PAR] Bearberry: le raisin d'ours [PAR] Bilberry or whortleberry: la myrtille (commune) [PAR] Blueberry: l'areille [PAR] Cranberry: le cranberry, la canneberge or l'atoca [PAR] Lingonberry: l'airelle rouge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Simpsons (TV Series 1989\u2013 ) - IMDb The Simpsons (TV Series 1989\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The satiric adventures of a working-class family in the misfit city of Springfield. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] Industrious Frank Grimes starts working at the plant beside Homer. He complains to the other employees about how useless Homer is, which causes them to wonder why Frank is being so troublesome. [PAR] 9.2 [PAR] Homer takes a new job in a new town. However, his friendly new boss might be a super villain bent on world domination. [PAR] 9.2 [PAR] Homer must travel to New York to get his car back, which is illegally parked at World Trade Center Plaza. [PAR] 9.1 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 20 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 21 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 06 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 31 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 04 Apr 2014 [PAR] Search for \" The Simpsons \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Mr. Burns plots revenge against the music mogul who conned him with help from the mogul's ex-wife, rapper Jazzy James, Homer and Bart. [PAR] Previous Episode [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 161 wins & 286 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] South Park (TV Series 1997) [PAR] Animation | Comedy [PAR] Follows the misadventures of four irreverent grade-schoolers in the quiet, dysfunctional town of South Park, Colorado. [PAR] Stars: Trey Parker, Matt Stone, Isaac Hayes [PAR] Family Guy (TV Series 1999) [PAR] Animation | Comedy [PAR] In a wacky Rhode Island town, a dysfunctional family strive to cope with everyday life as they are thrown from one crazy scenario to another. [PAR] Stars: Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green [PAR] Fry, a pizza guy, is accidentally frozen in 1999 and thawed out New Year's Eve 2999. [PAR] Stars: Billy West, John DiMaggio, Katey Sagal [PAR] American Dad! (TV Series 2005) [PAR] Animation | Comedy [PAR] The random escapades of Stan Smith, an extreme right wing CIA agent dealing with family life and keeping America safe, all in the most absurd way possible. [PAR] Stars: Seth MacFarlane, Wendy Schaal, Dee Bradley Baker [PAR] Follows the personal and professional lives of six 20 to 30-something-year-old friends living in Manhattan. [PAR] Stars: Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow [PAR] In the unreal world of Sacred Heart Hospital, intern John \"J.D\" Dorian learns the ways of medicine, friendship and life. [PAR] Stars: Zach Braff, Donald Faison, Sarah Chalke [PAR] A hedonistic jingle writer's free-wheeling life comes to an abrupt halt when his brother and 10-year-old nephew move into his beach-front house. [PAR] Stars: Jon Cryer, Ashton Kutcher, Angus T. Jones [PAR] The continuing misadventures of neurotic New York stand-up comedian Jerry Seinfeld and his equally neurotic New York friends. [PAR] Stars: Jerry Seinfeld, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Michael Richards [PAR] A woman who moves into an apartment across the hall from two brilliant but socially awkward physicists shows them how little they know about life outside of the laboratory. [PAR] Stars:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Songs Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | Billboard 10 Songs Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | Billboard [PAR] 10 Songs Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] 10 Songs Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. [PAR] Today (Jan. 20), we remember the life and legacy of late civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., whose contributions to the social and political sphere of the United States are innumerable. And over the years, the global musical sphere has become filled with songs inspired by or dedicated to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The Billboard staff has picked our 10 favorites among those songs, from the sobriety of U2's \"MLK\" to the unfettered optimism of Springsteen's \"We Shall Overcome.\" [PAR] Pride In The Name Of Love [PAR] U2 (1984) [PAR] If listeners have any doubt that Martin Luther King Jr. is the subject of \"Pride (In the Name of Love),\" Bono's lyrics three minutes in drive the point home: \"Early morning, April 4/Shot rings out in the Memphis sky/Free at last, they took your life/They could not take your pride.\" However, history buffs will note that the song, which was the lead single off U2's 1984 album \"The Unforgettable Fire,\" contains a factual error -- MLK's assassination took place in the early evening, rather than the early morning. But that didn't matter to music fans -- the Edge's guitar jangle at the beginning of \"Pride (In the Name of Love)\" is one of the most recognizable riffs of the era. [PAR] By The Time I Get To Arizona [PAR] Public Enemy (1991) [PAR] \"By The Time I Get To Arizona\" was written by Public Enemy's Chuck D in 1991 as a direct reply to Arizona officials, including John McCain and Fife Symington, for rejecting the federal holiday celebrating Martin Luther King Jr. Just last year, the song's sentiments resurfaced when the same state's governor, Jan Brewer, decided to sign into law the Arizona immigration bill, which gave police the power to detain people they suspect to be undocumented, proving that the same politics written about in \"By The Time I Get To Arizona\" are alive and well in Arizona today. [PAR] Happy Birthday [PAR] Stevie Wonder (1981) [PAR] Stevie Wonder's \"Happy Birthday\" track was written in 1981 by the pianist/social activist as part of the campaign to have the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. become a national holiday. The song's lyrics, above keyboard synthesizers, find Wonder questioning why anyone would oppose to commemorating King's legacy by setting aside a day for him. \"I just never understood, how a man who died for good/could not have a day that would be set aside for his recognition,\" he sings. Preach, Stevie! [PAR] We Shall Overcome [PAR] Bruce Springsteen (2006) [PAR] The Boss' 2006 \" Seeger Sessions\" disc featured this protest tune as its centerpiece. \"We Shall Overcome\" could conceivably be applied to most instances of widespread oppression, but its origins lie within the U.S. civil rights movement in the middle of the century. The song soars, gaining momentum (and instruments) until the tune is brimming with the encouraging spirit of MLK's hopeful mantra. [PAR] One Vision [PAR] Queen (1985) [PAR] \"Look what they've done to my dream,\" sings Freddie Mercury over a Stones-esque guitar lick in this 1985 single off \"A Kind of Magic.\" Mercury sounds altogether vibrant, singing positive verses of a hope for unity against vivacious instrumentation. Oh, and those masked vocals at the beginning of the tune? \"God works in mysterious ways... mysterious ways...\" Indeed, Queen, indeed. [PAR] Like A King [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] too many cooks spoil the broth - Wiktionary too many cooks spoil the broth - Wiktionary [PAR] too many cooks spoil the broth [PAR] Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary [PAR] with too many people a task won't be done very well [PAR] Chinese: [PAR] Mandarin: \u4eba\u591a\u6dfb\u4e82 , \u4eba\u591a\u6dfb\u4e71 \u200e(r\u00e9n du\u014d ti\u0101n lu\u00e0n), \u4eba\u591a\u8aa4\u4e8b , \u4eba\u591a\u8bef\u4e8b \u200e(r\u00e9n du\u014d w\u00f9 sh\u00ec), \u4eba\u591a\u624b\u8173\u4e82 , \u4eba\u591a\u624b\u811a\u4e71 \u200e(r\u00e9n du\u014d sh\u01d2uji\u01ceo lu\u00e0n) [PAR] Greek: \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u200e(\u00f3pou lalo\u00fan pollo\u00ed kok\u00f3roi arge\u00ed na ximer\u00f3sei) [PAR] Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05b9\u05d1 \u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1\u05b0\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05b0\u05bc\u05d8\u05b0\u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e2\u05b0\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u200e(ber\u00f3v \u1e96ovl\u00edm titb\u00e1'na hasfin\u00f3t) (with many naval officers the ships will drown)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Shaver Chicken | Modern Farming Methods Red Shaver Chicken | Modern Farming Methods [PAR] Contact [PAR] Red Shaver Chicken [PAR] Red Shaver chicken is a dual purpose breed which was developed in Canada. Actually, Canada does not have much chicken breeds, unlike it\u2019s neighbor. Canada has only two chicken breed. One is Chantecler chicken and another is the Red Shaver chicken. The breed was developed mainly for home or small farms rather than commercial use. Red Shaver chicken is a sex linked chicken breed, which means they can be visually separated after hatching or at a very early age. There is no bantam variety of this chicken breed. [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] Red Shaver chickens are very beautiful birds. Roosters and hens can be separated easily. Mature hens are of red-brown color with white down and the roosters are white with some red flecking. [PAR] Red Shaver chicken has red colored single comb. Usually the roosters have larger comb than the hens. And the roosters are much beautiful than the hens. They have red colored wattles and earlobes. Their legs are yellow and featherless. On an average, standard Red Shaver roosters weight about 6 Ibs. and hens about 5.5 Ibs. Photo from BackyardChickens. [PAR] Behavior/Temperament [PAR] Red Shaver chickens are often considered as calm and quiet birds. They are friendly and are also very hardy breed. As a dual purpose breed, Red Shaver chicken produce good number of eggs and also good for meat production. Hens are capable of laying 305-315 eggs a year. They lay large brown colored eggs. If you are looking for a good breed for your small farm, then Red Shaver chicken can be a good choice for you. [PAR] Red Shaver Chicken | Breed Profile [PAR] Breed Name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is the keyboard layout Q-W-E-R-T-Y and not simply A-B ... Why are the keys in the keypad not arranged in alphabetical order? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Update Cancel [PAR] Question merged [PAR] You were redirected because this question was merged with Why is the keyboard layout Q-W-E-R-T-Y and not simply A-B-C-D-E-F? [PAR] Answer Wiki [PAR] QWERTY was concocted back in the 1870s to mechanically separate the common letter pairs that used to frequently jam on the originally alphabetically ordered typewriter layouts. [PAR] Here's what that original layout looked like: [PAR] Despite being much faster to learn and easier to use, this semi-alphabetic layout would often jam (note the position of the T, H & S keys) when users typed too quickly. As anyone who's used a typewriter will tell you, even one single jam or simple typo, would require unjamming the keys, ripping out the old paper, washing the ink off your fingers, inserting a new sheet, and starting all over again. [PAR] So - without worrying about ergonomics or suability - they just started moving keys around until the number of jams dropped to an \"acceptable\" level. [PAR] History disagrees with Shisrail's answer below. This logical, intuitive alphabetic keyboard WAS fast. Too fast for its own good, in fact. [PAR] If QWERTY was so easy, why did 100s of typing schools pop up all over the world? Why did people have to enrol for a minimum of a year to get their speed and accuracy to even a basic level? Why does it take most people months of lessons and 100s of hours of practice (or even years of self-teaching) to master this confusing letter order? [PAR] Is QWERTY logical? Yes... but only from a mechanical engineer's perspective. [PAR] Intuitive? No freakin' way. [PAR] For most people, the learning curve for QWERTY is so slow and frustrating, once you've mastered it, the thought of relearning another layout would be considered a fate worse than death. [PAR] But guess what? Quietly, stealthily, the entire planet DID adopt an alphabetic keyboard. And we all mastered it in just a few minutes. Here's a picture of the keyboard that more people on the planet use than any other: [PAR] Written Dec 1, 2012 [PAR] The current layout is inherited from typewriters, where keys were arranged to prevent jamming. This explains why keys are not in the proper sequence as the alphabets, as well as why they are arranged on diagonal columns (to give space for the levers). [PAR] Contrary to the popular belief, the QWERTY keyboard was NOT designed to slow typists. [PAR] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWE... and http://home.earthlink.net/~dcreh... provide further details. [PAR] 1878 Typewriter Patent Drawing, featuring the QWERTY Keyboard. Years after its introduction, it was considered important enough to include in a patent. [PAR] Written Nov 21, 2015 [PAR] There is a good historical reason for this. In early days of typewriter (in mid 19th century) the keys were arranged lexicographically. The earliest popular design had only 2 rows with 13 characters each. However this arrangement caused 2 major problems : [PAR] The type bars of the most commonly used combination letters of the alphabet (like TH and ST) was positioned close together, so when the keys were hit right after the other in rapid successions, the metallic arms / type bars responsible for creating an impression on paper would jam. [PAR] In early typewriters printing point was located beneath the paper carriage, invisible to the operator - which forced the operator to raise the carriage in case of collision / mishaps between typebars. [PAR] Print on paper was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Death Valley | region, California, United States ... Death Valley | region, California, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] region, California, United States [PAR] Death Valley National Park [PAR] Death Valley, structural depression primarily in Inyo county, southeastern California , U.S. It is the lowest, hottest, driest portion of the North American continent. Death Valley is about 140 miles (225 km) long, trends roughly north-south, and is from 5 to 15 miles (8 to 24 km) wide. The valley is bounded on the west by the Panamint Range and on the east by the Black, Funeral, and Grapevine mountains of the Amargosa Range . It lies near the undefined border between the Great Basin and the Mojave Desert . [PAR] The diverse landscapes of California, from Mount Whitney to Death Valley. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Death Valley National Park in the Great Basin, southeastern California, U.S. [PAR] Joseph Sohm\u2014Choromosohm/Photo Researchers [PAR] Geologically, Death Valley forms part of the southwestern portion of the Great Basin. It is similar to other structural basins of the region but is unique in its depth. Portions of the great salt pan that forms part of the floor of the valley are the lowest land areas of the Americas. About 550 square miles (1,425 square km) of the valley\u2019s floor lie below sea level . A point in Badwater Basin, lying 282 feet (86 metres) below sea level, is the lowest area in North America . Less than 20 miles (30 km) west is the 11,049-foot (3,368-metre) Telescope Peak , the area\u2019s highest point. Death Valley was an obstacle to movements of pioneer settlers (whence its name was derived) and later was a centre of borax exploitation; its extreme environment now attracts tourists and scientists. [PAR] Physical environment [PAR] For a short time after its christening in 1849 by a hapless party of emigrants who endured intense suffering while crossing it, Death Valley was little known except to Native Americans (primarily Shoshone ) of the area and to prospectors searching the surrounding mountains. The first scientific notice of the valley seems to have been a brief mention published in 1868 by a California state geologist. The area remained seldom visited until the 1870s, when gold and silver were discovered in the surrounding mountains, and 1880s, when borax deposits were found in the valley. Borax production, notably at the Harmony Borax Works (1883\u201388), gave rise to the famous 20-mule team wagons, which hauled the product to Mojave, California. Several ghost towns are located around the valley, and some still contain ruined buildings. They sprang up from the late 19th to the early 20th century following gold, copper, and silver strikes in the area. Deserted when the mines were depleted, each existed for only a few years. For example, Rhyolite, founded in 1904, was a gold-mining boomtown of 10,000 people with its own stock exchange, electric plant, and opera; in 1911 the main mine was closed, and the town was deserted by 1916. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Central Valley [PAR] The geologic history of Death Valley is extremely complex and involves different types of fault activity at various periods, in addition to crustal sinking and even some volcanic activity. Essentially, Death Valley is a graben, or rift valley, formed by the sinking of a tremendous expanse of rock lying between parallel uplifted, tilted-block mountain ranges to the east and west. A type of fault activity called block faulting , in which the movement is predominantly vertical, began to form the valley about 30 million years ago. As crustal blocks sank, they formed the great trough of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Palermo, Sicily - Information and Culture | The Thinking ... Palermo, Sicily - Information and Culture | The Thinking Traveller [PAR] A guide to Palermo, the bustling and fascinating capital of Sicily [PAR] TOWNS AND CITIES IN SICILY [PAR] An introduction to Palermo [PAR] Villas in Sicily near Palermo >> [PAR] Palermo, the regional capital of Sicily, is one of those cities with its own very distinct, almost tangible atmosphere, a place of mystery where reality often outperforms the traveller\u2019s imagination and preconceived stereotypes. It is a buzzing Mediterranean centre whose 1 million inhabitants are a fascinating cocktail of apparently conflicting characteristics. [PAR] Palermo\u2019s history has been anything but stable as the town passed from one dominating power to another with remarkable frequency. Its strategic position in the middle of the Mediterranean brought wave upon wave of invaders including the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Saracen Arabs, the Normans, the Swabians, the French and the Spanish Bourbons just to name the most influential. The result of this quilted history is evident today in the vast range of architectural styles, the intriguing fusion of ingredients used in many local dishes and in many place names which are obviously not of Italian origin. [PAR] Visiting Palermo is still somewhat of an adventure in a world where so many places have become tourist-friendly to a fault. You won\u2019t find many restaurants with menus translated into 5 different languages, you may have trouble communicating in English in many places, and some parts of the old town centre have remained untouched since they were bombed during the war. There are many back streets that have only just opened up to those from without and it is still often difficult to obtain any information worth having. However, this is also a stimulus to those who wish to embark on a little adventure, to discover things for themselves, to dig into the very fabric of the city and to try to understand what really makes Palermo (and its people) tick. [PAR] The often faded grandeur of many of Palermo\u2019s wonderful palaces and churches in the centre gives way to popular areas whose way of life doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt fully belong to the 21st Century. This is particularly true of the markets, whose Arabic origins are still evident today thanks to their noise, smells, colours, narrow labyrinthine streets, the splendid array of food and other goods on display and the general \u2018souk\u2019 atmosphere. [PAR] Artistic delights abound at every corner, maybe most strikingly in the spectacular mosaics in the Palatine Chapel in Palermo and the Duomo of Monreale. [PAR] In his book \u201cThe Normans in Sicily\u201d John Julius Norwich described the Palaine Chapel as follows: \u201cIt is in this building, with more stunning effect than anywhere else in Sicily, that we see the Siculo-Norman political miracle given visual expression - a seemingly effortless fusion of all that is most brilliant in the Latin, Byzantine and Islamic traditions into a single harmonious masterpiece.\u201d [PAR] In 2015, Arab-Norman Palermo and its neighbouring cathedrals were granted status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Spread over a combined 6,235 hectares and including nine monuments - the Royal Palace and Palatine Chapel, the Zisa Palace, Palermo Cathedral, the Palermitan Churches of San Giovanni degli Eremiti, Santa Maria dell\u2019Ammiraglio and San Cataldo, the Admiral\u2019s Bridge, and the cathedrals of Monreale and Cefal\u00f9 - the site provides, in UNESCO's words, \"an outstanding example of a socio-cultural syncretism between Western, Islamic, and Byzantine cultures. This interchange gave rise to an architectural and artistic expression based on novel concepts of space, structure, and decoration"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What light through yonder window breaks? - eNotes.com What light through yonder window breaks? - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] What light through yonder window breaks? [PAR] Romeo: [PAR] But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? [PAR] It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. [PAR] Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, [PAR] Who is already sick and pale with grief [PAR] That thou, her maid, art far more fair than she. [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] In any Shakespeare play written more than a few years after Romeo and Juliet, these lines would be laughable; Romeo trots out some of the most clich\u00e9d fancies of the day. But the fact that an idea was tired did not necessarily mean it was presented in jest, especially in the years when formulaic sonnets were the rage. [PAR] That Juliet is fairer and more brilliant than the moon is meant to be taken as Romeo's sincere belief. When Juliet appears above, on her balcony, she appears like the sun at dawn, her light overpowering the moon's merely reflected brilliance. This is just one in a long series of metaphorical associations of Juliet with light; they begin at the masked ball [see DANCING DAYS ], when Romeo exclaims that Juliet \"doth teach the torches to burn bright!\" (Act 1, scene 5, 44). Later, as Romeo is about to poison himself over what he thinks is Juliet's corpse, he insists twice that all light has been extinguished.[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Romeo and Juliet: Important Quotations Explained SparkNotes: Romeo and Juliet: Important Quotations Explained [PAR] Important Quotations Explained [PAR] But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? [PAR] It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. [PAR] Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, [PAR] Who is already sick and pale with grief [PAR] That thou, her maid, art far more fair than she. . . . [PAR] The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars [PAR] As daylight doth a lamp; her eye in heaven [PAR] Would through the airy region stream so bright [PAR] That birds would sing and think it were not night. [PAR] Romeo speaks these lines in the so-called balcony scene, when, hiding in the Capulet orchard after the feast, he sees Juliet leaning out of a high window (2.1.44\u201364). Though it is late at night, Juliet\u2019s surpassing beauty makes Romeo imagine that she is the sun, transforming the darkness into daylight. Romeo likewise personifies the moon, calling it \u201csick and pale with grief\u201d at the fact that Juliet, the sun, is far brighter and more beautiful. Romeo then compares Juliet to the stars, claiming that she eclipses the stars as daylight overpowers a lamp\u2014her eyes alone shine so bright that they will convince the birds to sing at night as if it were day. [PAR] This quote is important because in addition to initiating one of the play\u2019s most beautiful and famous sequences of poetry, it is a prime example of the light/dark motif that runs throughout the play. Many scenes in Romeo and Juliet are set either late at night or early in the morning, and Shakespeare often uses the contrast between night and day to explore opposing alternatives in a given situation. Here, Romeo imagines Juliet transforming darkness into light; later, after their wedding night, Juliet convinces Romeo momentarily that the daylight is actually night (so that he doesn\u2019t yet have to leave her room). [PAR] 2. [PAR] Deny thy father and refuse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cribbage Rules and History - Cribbage Board Store Cribbage Rules and History - Cribbage Board Store [PAR] Cribbage Rules and History [PAR] About Cribbage [PAR] Cribbage, or crib, is a card game originated in England, traditionally for two players, but commonly played with three, four or more, that involves playing and grouping cards in combinations which gain points. Cribbage has several distinctive features: the cribbage board used for scorekeeping, the eponymous crib or box (a separate hand counting for the dealer), two distinct scoring stages (the play and the show) and a unique scoring system including points for groups of cards that total fifteen. It is played in clockwise direction with 52 French deck cards for about 15-30 min. and require Strategy, Tactics & Counting skills. [PAR] History of Cribbage [PAR] According to John Aubrey, cribbage was created by the English poet Sir John Suckling in the early 17th century, as a derivation of the game \"noddy\". While noddy has disappeared, crib has survived, virtually unchanged, as one of the most popular games in the English-speaking world. The objective of the game is to be the first player to score a target number of points, typically 61 or 121. Points are scored for card combinations that add up to fifteen, and for pairs, triples, quadruples, runs and flushes. Cribbage holds a special place among American submariners, serving as an \"official\" pastime. The wardroom of the oldest submarine in the fleet carries RADM Dick O'Kane's personal cribbage board onboard, and upon decommissioning it is transferred to the next oldest boat. [PAR] Rules of Cribbage [PAR] The players cut for first deal, and the dealer shuffles and deals five or six cards to each player, depending on the number of players. For two players, each is dealt six cards; for three or four players, each is dealt five cards. In the case of three players, a single card is dealt face down in the centre of the table to start the crib. Once the cards have been dealt, each player chooses four cards to retain, then discards the other one or two face-down to form the \"crib\" which will be used later by the dealer. At this point, each player's hand and the crib will contain exactly four cards. The player on the dealer's left cuts the deck and the dealer reveals the top card, called the \"starter\". If this card is a Jack, the dealer scores two points for \"his heels\", also known as \"his nibs\". [PAR] The Play [PAR] Starting with the player on the dealer's left, each player lays one card face up in turn onto a personal discard pile, stating the cumulative value of the cards laid (for example, the first player lays a five and says \"five\", the next lays a six and says \"eleven\", and so on), without the total going above 31. Once no more cards can be played, the cumulative position is reset to zero and those players with cards remaining repeat the process until all players' cards have been played. Players score points during this process for making a total of fifteen, for reaching exactly, or as close as possible to a total of thirty-one, for runs and for pairs. Players choose the order in which to lay their cards in order to maximize their score; experienced players refer to this as either good or poor \"pegsmanship\". If one player reaches the target (usually 61 or 121), the game ends immediately and that player wins. [PAR] The Show [PAR] Once the play is complete, each player in turn receives points based"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FOR 254/FR316: Cycas revoluta, Sago Palm FOR 254/FR316: Cycas revoluta, Sago Palm [PAR] \ufffd [PAR] Cycas revoluta, Sago Palm 1 [PAR] Robert J. Northrop, Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, and Heather V. Quintana 2 [PAR] Family [PAR] Cycadaceae, cycad family. [PAR] Genus [PAR] Cycas stems from the Greek name cyca, which means \"palm.\" Cycas are gymnosperms and, though palm-like, they are unrelated to true palms, which are actually angiosperms (flowering plants). [PAR] Species [PAR] The species name revoluta stems from the Latin word revolut, which means \"rolled back.\" The name refers to the leaflets of the sago palm, which curl under. [PAR] Common Names [PAR] Sago Palm, King Sago Palm, Japanese Sago Palm [PAR] Many common names for this and other cycads include the word \u201cpalm\u201d because these plants have a superficial resemblance to palm trees. The term \u201csago\u201d refers to a type of edible starch that can be extracted from these plants. Sago is used as a food source in Asia, particularly in New Guinea. Most sago is commercially extracted from a type of palm, Metroxylon sagu, which is sometimes called \u201ctrue sago palm\u201d to distinguish it from this cycad species. [PAR] Description [PAR] This evergreen cycad is native to the tropical islands of southern Japan, but it grows well in the subtropics of the United States, particularly in Florida, California, Georgia, and Puerto Rico. Sago palm grows well in full sun or partial shade but exhibits larger leaves in more shaded situations. Slow growing, the sago palm can reach heights of up to 15 feet in 50 years. Leaves are pinnately compound, 4 to 5 feet long, and up to 9 inches wide. The dark-green, stiff leaflets have a linear shape with a shiny upper surface. They are approximately 4 inches long, have revolute or curled under margins, and an acuminate or pointed tip. The trunk of the sago palm is dark brown and thick, and appears shaggy. Plants are either male or female and the reproductive structures are found in the center of the plant. The male organ resembles a large yellow cone that reaches lengths of up to 2 feet. The female organ resembles a yellow furry globe, and it houses many bright orange seeds that are 2 inches in diameter. [PAR] Figure 1. [PAR] Female specimen of Cycas revoluta. [PAR] Credit: [PAR] Male plants are considered moderately allergenic, but female plants cause little to no allergies. [PAR] Applications [PAR] Commercial/Practical [PAR] Historically, the inner bark of the sago palm was used as a food source in Japan during times of famine. However, sago palm contains a powerful neurotoxin that can cause paralysis or even death if it is not prepared properly. The seeds can also be poisonous to humans and animals if ingested. Today, the dried leaves of this plant are commonly used as accents in floral arrangements. [PAR] Horticultural [PAR] This cycad can thrive both indoors and outdoors. Once it becomes established outdoors, sago palm is considered to be drought resistant but not freeze tolerant. In the Florida yard, it is a great accompaniment to other palms and thick grasses. Sago palm also makes a great walkway border, but it should be placed where bare skin will not contact or brush against the sharp, pointed tips of its leaflets. Depending on the available planting space, an important growth trait to consider is that male plants tend to branch out more than do female plants. More importantly, take caution when using this plant as an accent in home landscapes, since it contains a strong neurotoxin that can paralyze or even"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Starboard side - Port side - AceBoater.com Starboard side - Port side - AceBoater.com [PAR] A clear and comprehensive course. Sign Up for Free [PAR] My Profile [PAR] Search [PAR] Starboard side - Port side [PAR] The sidelights are coloured either red or green. The sidelights determine the priority on the water: the color displayed on the starboard side is green and the red light is on the port side. The sidelights are located in front of the boat. They each displaying a constant beam and affixed in a manner that the light is projected to the front and sides allow you to determine if the oncoming craft is heading towards you or from one side or another. [PAR] They are used to give a person a visual picture of which side of the vessel they are looking at in darkness or reduced visibility. Depending on the situation they will determine who has the right of way in a meeting or crossing situation. If you see a red running light at night crossing or meeting you most likely are the give-way vessel and do not have the right of way. If you see green you most likely are the stand-on vessel and have the right of way. [PAR] IF YOU LIKED THIS PAGE, YOU COULD ALSO LIKE THESE ONES:[DOC] [TLE] Port and Starboard - left or right? - part of the ... Port and Starboard - left or right? - part of the Accelerated Learning Series [PAR] PORT AND STARBOARD, [PAR] LEFT OR RIGHT? [PAR] If you find yourself on a ship, how do you know which side is starboard and which side is port? As a Naval Man the answer is quite simple - Port is left and starboard is right. But if you were travelling on a ship for the first time, how could you remember that? Well, it is really quite simple. There are four letters in the words PORT and LEFT so you can easily remember that the left side of a ship is the port side. [PAR] Another way of distinguishing between port and starboard is by using the colours red and green. The port navigation light of a ship is always red and the starboard one is always green. An easy way to remember that is to know that Port (the drink) is red and so by a process of elimination (not a difficult one, I'll admit) the starboard light will be green. [PAR] My thanks to Kysdonn who e-mailed me about learning the Port and Starboard of Aircraft - \"It's simple. Port has only 4 letters and so does Left. Starboard is a longer word and so is Right compared to Left. Therefore, short to short and long to long.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which spiral arm of the Milky Way contains our sun ... Which spiral arm of the Milky Way contains our sun? | Space | EarthSky [PAR] Which spiral arm of the Milky Way contains our sun? [PAR] By Deborah Byrd in Space | May 20, 2014 [PAR] Many know our Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. But where within this vast spiral structure do our sun and Earth reside? [PAR] We live in an island of stars called the Milky Way, and many know that our Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. In fact, it\u2019s a barred spiral galaxy , which means that our galaxy probably has just two major spiral arms, plus a central bar that astronomers are only now beginning to understand. But where within this vast spiral structure do our sun and its planets reside? Our galaxy is about 100,000 light-years wide. We\u2019re about 25,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy. It turns out we\u2019re not located in one of the Milky Way\u2019s two primary spiral arms. Instead, we\u2019re located in a minor arm of the galaxy. Our local spiral arm is sometimes Orion Arm, or sometimes the Orion Spur. It\u2019s between the Sagittarius and Perseus Arms of the Milky Way. The image below shows it. [PAR] Our sun is located the Orion Arm, or Orion Spur, of the Milky Way galaxy. It\u2019s a minor spiral arm, located between two other arms. Image updated in 2010 by R. Hurt on Wikimedia Commons. [PAR] Our local Orion Arm of the Milky Way is some 3,500 light years across. It\u2019s approximately 10,000 light years in length. Our sun, the Earth, and all the other planets in our solar system reside within this Orion Arm. We\u2019re located close to the inner rim of this spiral arm, about halfway along its length. [PAR] The Orion Arm, or Orion Spur, has other names as well. It\u2019s sometimes simply called the Local Arm, or the Orion-Cygnus Arm, or the Local Spur. The Orion Arm is named for the constellation Orion the Hunter, which is one of the most prominent constellations of Northern Hemisphere winter (Southern Hemisphere summer). Some of the brightest stars and most famous celestial objects of this constellation (Betelgeuse, Rigel, the stars of Orion\u2019s Belt, the Orion Nebula) are neighbors of sorts to our sun, located within the Orion Arm. That\u2019s why we see so many bright objects within the constellation Orion \u2013 because when we look at it, we\u2019re looking into our own local spiral arm .[DOC] [TLE] HubbleSite - Reference Desk - FAQs HubbleSite - Reference Desk - FAQs [PAR] Reference Desk [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions [PAR] What is a galaxy? [PAR] A galaxy is an enormous collection of gas, dust and billions of stars held together by gravity. One galaxy can have hundreds of billions of stars and be as large as 200,000 light years across. [PAR] What is the name of our galaxy? [PAR] The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way. Our Sun and all of the stars that you see at night belong to the Milky Way. When you go outside on a dark night and look up, you will see a milky, misty-looking band stretching across the sky. When you look at this band, you are looking into the densest parts of the Milky Way, the \"disk\" and the \"bulge.\" [PAR] Where is the Earth in the Milky Way galaxy? [PAR] Our solar system is at the edge of a spiral arm called the Orion Arm, and is about two-thirds of the way from the center of our galaxy to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hydrocortisone | The Pituitary Foundation Hydrocortisone | The Pituitary Foundation [PAR] Treating a pituitary condition [PAR] Hydrocortisone [PAR] Hydrocortisone (HC) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland. It plays a complex role in regulating body functions [PAR] and is essential for survival. [PAR] Hydrocortisone is taken as a replacement for the natural hormone where this is deficient, either because there is a failure of hydrocortisone production by the adrenal gland (Addison\u2019s disease/primary adrenal insufficiency), or pituitary deficiency (secondary adrenal insufficiency) of ACTH (the hormone that stimulates the production of hydrocortisone by the adrenal gland). [PAR] Replacement therapy is also required for people who have congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is a birth defect. Hydrocortisone is available as tablets under the trade name Hydrocortisone, containing 10mg or 20mg. Prednisolone may be prescribed to individual patients instead of hydrocortisone and works in the same way as hydrocortisone. Prednisolone is available as tablets under the trade name Deltacortril\u00ae containing 2.5mg or 5mg or Prednisolone 1mg or 5mg. [PAR] Plenadren is a novel, once daily hydrocortisone modified-release tablet, designed to better mimic the body\u2019s natural cortisol production compared to standard treatment. The Plenadren tablet is available in 5 and 20 mg strengths. The immediate release outer coating provides physiological cortisol concentrations within 20 minutes of intake; the extended release core provides a smooth serum cortisol level with reduced exposure in the late afternoon and over the 24-hour period. [PAR] An injection containing 100mg Hydrocortisone is available for emergency situations for those on hydrocortisone or prednisolone. For children, there are lower dose emergency injections available. [PAR] How do I take it? [PAR] The usual dose for hydrocortisone is 15-20mg by mouth, split over two or three times daily, and depending on your individual endocrinologist\u2019s recommendations. For example: 10mg before getting out of bed in the morning, 5mg at mid-day and 5mg no later than 6pm. Hydrocortisone should ideally be taken with water and is better absorbed if taken before food. The usual dose for prednisolone is 5-7mg by mouth, split over two times daily. [PAR] When would I need to take more hydrocortisone? [PAR] If you become ill then the body would naturally increase the output of steroid from your adrenals. Therefore, if you are taking replacement steroid (hydrocortisone) it is essential, to mimic the natural response by increasing your dose appropriately after hydrocortisone or prednisolone. [PAR] For Plenadren, the dose must be increased temporarily and your doctor may advise you to use other hydrocortisone tablets instead of, or in addition to Plenadren. Please discuss this with your doctor and follow the instructions on how to act in these situations. [PAR] The daily dose of Plenadren may have to be doubled or tripled in milder conditions such as a mild infection or stress. You should then take the second dose of Plenadren 6 to 10 hours after the morning dose. If it is not enough to double the daily dose, you should take a third dose 6 to 10 hours after the second dose (6-10 hours intervals between doses). When your illness is over, return to your normal maintenance dose of Plenadren. [PAR] Please read our Hydrocortisone advice for the pituitary patient for sick day rules and recommendations on increasing your dose. [PAR] When do I know that I would need an emergency injection? [PAR] If you cannot absorb your tablets, or your usual replacement wasn\u2019t sufficient for an acute shock or illness, then gradually or perhaps quite quickly, you would feel weak, sickly and light headed. The cortisol clock gives approximate times of need for emergency medical help and replacement. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Preston Park Station | Trains to Preston Park \u2013 Trainline Preston Park Station | Trains to Preston Park \u2013 Trainline [PAR] Accessible Booking Office counter : False [PAR] Accessible taxis : unknown [PAR] Accessible taxis notes : [PAR] Information on accessible taxis from this station is available from www.traintaxi.co.uk . For passengers with a disability requiring assisted travel please contact the assisted travel team on 0800 138 1016 who can arrange transport to / from this station. [PAR] Trains to Preston Park [PAR] Clermont Road, Preston Park, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 6SG [PAR] Ticket Office Hours"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AESTAS - the Roman Goddess of Summer (Roman mythology) AESTAS - the Roman Goddess of Summer (Roman mythology) [PAR] AESTAS [PAR] Roman Summer Goddess [PAR] Summer Goddess [PAR] Naked but not unadorned as she is decked out in garlands of ears. These come from corn harvests of course. [PAR] GodNote: Sorry this Aestas article is a bit short. We have sent our Data Dwarves off to find more nuggets of information. Updates coming soon. [PAR] AESTAS FACTS AND FIGURES [PAR] Location : Italy and Roman Europe [PAR] Gender : Female [PAR] Celebration or Feast Day : Unknown at present [PAR] Good/Evil Rating : Unknown at present [PAR] Popularity index : 7212 [PAR] Cite this [PAR] Link to this page [PAR] HTML: To link to this page, just copy and paste the text below into your blog, web page or email. [PAR] <a href=\"http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/roman-mythology.php?deity=AESTAS\">Godchecker entry on AESTAS, the Roman Goddess of Summer</a> [PAR] BBCODE: To link to this page in a forum post or comment box, just copy and paste the text below: [PAR] [url=http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/roman-mythology.php?deity=AESTAS]Godchecker entry on AESTAS, the Roman Goddess of Summer[/url] [PAR] Cite this article [PAR] Here's the info you need to cite this page. Just copy the text in the box below. [PAR] Saunders, Chas, and Peter J. Allen, eds. \"AESTAS - the Roman Goddess of Summer (Roman mythology).\" <em>Godchecker</em>. Godchecker.com / CID, 21 Jan. 2014. Web. 15 January 2017. [PAR] . [PAR] 21 January 2014 by the Godchecker Team. [PAR] Editors: Peter J Allen, Chas Saunders [PAR] References: Coming soon."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US ex-slave Harriet Tubman to appear on $20 bill - AJE News | Politics , United States , Business & Economy , History , slavery [PAR] The portrait of Harriet Tubman, the late abolitionist born into slavery in the 1800s, will replace the countenance of the US' seventh president, Andrew Jackson, on the $20 bill. [PAR] Tubman, known as the leader of the Underground Railroad - a network of anti-slavery activists - will become the first African American on US paper money and the first woman to be depicted on the country's currency in 100 years. [PAR] The portrait of Jackson, who was a slave owner, will be pushed to the back of the currency. [PAR] The move is one of numerous changes announced by Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew on Wednesday. [PAR] The $5 bill will also undergo a face-lift: The illustration of the Lincoln Memorial on the back will be redesigned to honour \"events at the Lincoln Memorial that helped to shape our history and our democracy\", Lew said. [PAR] The new image on the $5 bill will include numerous new figures, including civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr, who gave his famous \"I have a dream\" speech on the steps of the memorial in 1963. [PAR] US set to unveil new hundred-dollar bill [PAR] On the $10 bill, the Treasury building on the back will be changed to commemorate a 1913 march that ended on the steps of the building. It will also feature suffragette leaders Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Alice Paul. [PAR] The US dollar, the world's most widely accepted currency, has undergone upgrades over the years to stay ahead of counterfeiters. [PAR] But the updates proposed by Lew for the three bills will be the most sweeping changes since 1929, when all US paper money was redesigned to feature more standard designs and a smaller size to save printing costs. [PAR] 'Small but meaningful vindication' [PAR] Tubman, who was born into slavery in the early part of the 19th century, escaped and then used the network of anti-slavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad to transport other slaves to freedom. [PAR] After the Civil War, Tubman, who died in 1913, became active in the campaign for women's suffrage. [PAR] Numerous groups have been campaigning to have a woman honoured on the nation's paper currency, which has been an all-male domain for more than a century. [PAR] Amrita Myers, a historian at Indiana University, said honouring Tubman was appropriate. [PAR] \"Not only is this going to be the first African American historical figure on US currency, but it's a woman specifically from the era of slavery,\" Myers said. [PAR] Wednesday's announcement helped mark a decades-long decline in the reputation of Jackson, once a pillar of the modern Democratic Party but now often defined by his ownership of slaves and the \"Trail of Tears\" saga that forcibly removed American Indians from their land. [PAR] Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Bill John Baker said in a statement that the currency move was a \"small but meaningful vindication\" for Native Americans. [PAR] The last woman featured on US paper money was Martha Washington, the wife of the first president of the US, George Washington. She was on a dollar silver certificate from 1891 to 1896. [PAR] The only other woman ever featured on US paper money was Pocahontas, from 1865 to 1869. [PAR] Source: Agencies[DOC] [TLE] US Coins and Currency - MIStupid.com U.S. Coins and Currency [PAR] Quarters, nickels, and dimes are currently made from nickel and copper."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Does \"Seal Point Cat\" Mean? - Pets What Does \"Seal Point Cat\" Mean? - Pets [PAR] Pets [PAR] What Does \"Seal Point Cat\" Mean? [PAR] by Elton Dunn [PAR] The seal point is one recognized coloration of colorpointed cats. [PAR] Those impish Siamese cats from the Disney classic \"Lady and the Tramp\" are well-known members of the seal point club. Seal point designates a cat's physical appearance rather than one specific breed of cat. Take pride in knowing your seal point kitty's features are distinguishing markings with a history. [PAR] Seal Point [PAR] Seal point refers to the coloration of certain types of cats. A seal point cat has a beige or fawn colored body and dark brown legs, ears and a tail. The paw pads and nose pad will be brown on a seal point, and the eyes will be deep blue. [PAR] Differences [PAR] Seal point may look similar to two other recognized color points: chocolate point and tortie point. A chocolate point cat has milk chocolate limbs, compared with the blackish-brown of a seal point. Check Kitty's nose and paw pads for clues. A chocolate point will have pinkish paw pads, compared to the seal's brown pads. The tortie point has orange and brown coloration on limbs and mottled paw pads, compared to the plain brown pads for a seal cat. [PAR] Types of Cats [PAR] Generally, seal point coloration occurs in purebred cats, including the Siamese, Himalayan and ragdoll. In the 1940s to 1950s, breeders created shorthaired cats with color points by breeding a Siamese to an American shorthair. The resulting colorpoint shorthair cat comes in seal point color too. While domestic shorthairs can display seal point coloration, it's far less common. [PAR] Time Frame [PAR] When born, kittens have pale pink paw pads and creamy white skin. The seal point coloring develops in the first few weeks of a kitten's life. A splotch of brown color on the nose should appear within the first two weeks. It can take a full year for the remainder of the seal point markings to really become apparent."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert pints U.K. pt Imperial into gills U.K. gi Imperial ... Convert pints U.K. pt Imperial into gills U.K. gi Imperial volume and capacity for culinary practise [PAR] Amount: 1 pint U.K. (pt Imperial) in volume [PAR] Equals: 4.00 gills U.K. (gi Imperial) [PAR] volume and capacity from pint U.K. to gill U.K. Conversion Results: [PAR] Enter a New pint U.K. Amount of volume and capacity to Convert From [PAR] * Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8) [PAR] * Precision is how many numbers after decimal point (1 - 9) [PAR] Enter Your Amount : [PAR] Decimal Precision : [PAR] Calculate gills U.K. in volume and capacity per 1 pint U.K. unit. The volume and capacity kitchen measuring units converter for culinary chefs, bakers and other professionals. [PAR] CONVERT : between other volume and capacity measuring units - complete list. [PAR] Conversion calculator for webmasters . [PAR] Main page for volume and capacity units conversions. [PAR] Convert volume and capacity culinary measuring units between pint U.K. (pt Imperial) and gills U.K. (gi Imperial) but in the other direction from gills U.K. into pints U.K. also as per volume and capacity units. [PAR] Culinary arts school: volume and capacity units converter [PAR] This online culinary volume and capacity measures converter, from pt Imperial into gi Imperial units, is a handy tool not only for experienced certified professionals in food businesses and skilled chefs in state of the industry's kitchens model. [PAR] Other applications of this volume and capacity units converter are ... [PAR] With the above mentioned units converting service it provides, this volume and capacity units converter also proved to be useful as a teaching tool and for practising pints U.K. and gills U.K. ( pt Imperial vs. gi Imperial ) conversion exercises by new culinarians and students (in classrooms or at home based kitchens) who have been learning this particular cooking mastery art in culinary colleges, in schools of culinary arts and all other kinds of culinary training for converting the volume and capacity cooking units measures. [PAR] Unit symbols used by international culinary educational institutions and training for these two volume and capacity unit measurements are: [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for pint U.K. is: pt Imperial [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. short brevis ) unit symbol for gill U.K. is: gi Imperial [PAR] One pint U.K. in volume and capacity sense converted to gills U.K. equals precisely to 4.00 gi Imperial [PAR] How many gills U.K. of volume and capacity system are in 1 pint U.K.? The answer is: The change of 1 pt Imperial ( pint U.K. ) unit for a volume and capacity measure equals = into 4.00 gi Imperial ( gill U.K. ) as per its equivalent volume and capacity unit type measure often used. [PAR] Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking an accurate volume and capacity unit measure can be totally crucial. If there is an exact measure in pt Imperial - pints U.K. used in volume and capacity units, it's the rule in culinary career, that the pint U.K. number gets converted into gi Imperial - gills U.K. for the volume and capacity absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly, using either pints U.K. unit or gills U.K. unit measures. [PAR] Oven info & galleries"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maracan\u00e3 - Est\u00e1dio Jornalista M\u00e1rio Filho: the stadiums ... Maracan\u00e3 - Est\u00e1dio Jornalista M\u00e1rio Filho: the stadiums for the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil - FIFA.com [PAR] Listen [PAR] Built for the 1950 FIFA World Cup Brazil\u2122, the Estadio Jornalista Mario Filho, better known as the Maracana, provided the venue for that year\u2019s truly memorable decider between the host nation and Uruguay, one of the most dramatic chapters in the history of the competition. [PAR] The Rio de Janeiro stadium will be in the limelight once again at Brazil 2014, hosting seven games in all, more than any other venue. Among those matches will be the Final on 13 July. [PAR] Once the largest stadium in the world, packing in crowds of up to 200,000 \u2013 among the highest attendances ever seen in the history of the game \u2013 the Maracana now has a reduced capacity of 74,738 for Brazil 2014. It remains, nevertheless, the country\u2019s biggest football ground. [PAR] Respecting the original layout of the stadium, the project for its refurbishment included the demolition of the lower ring of seats, the construction of a new ring offering improved visibility, the expansion of the access ramps and the replacement of all seating. The stadium is also be fitted with a new roof complete with a rainwater collection system. The facade, which has been listed by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage, remains untouched. [PAR] Rio\u2019s second most popular tourist attraction, the Maracana continued to attract football fans from all over the world, even as it underwent renovation. Visitors to the stadium could watch work unfold from the Torre de Vidro (Glass Tower), built especially for the occasion, and could even take a piece of the old stadium away with them as a souvenir."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The hard facts on food additives - Health & Wellbeing The hard facts on food additives - Health & Wellbeing [PAR] The hard facts on food additives [PAR] Most food that comes in a packet or container contains at least some food additives. But what are these little three digit numbers and are they really a cause for concern? [PAR] [Image source: iStockPhoto | IgorDutina] [PAR] More info [PAR] Reading the ingredient list on packaged food can leave you feeling bamboozled. Especially when it comes to the names and numbers of food additives, which are often completely unidentifiable and unpronounceable. [PAR] But despite our confusion, the food additives in our tins of tomatoes, tubs of margarine, or jars of jam are there for a variety of reasons. They may stop your food going off, improve its taste or appearance, or keep the ingredients from separating. [PAR] Food Standards Australia's chief scientist Dr Paul Brent says: \"a food additive is any substance that is not normally consumed as a food in itself and is not normally an ingredient, but which is allowed to be there if it fulfills a technological function in the final food\". [PAR] Top [PAR] Why do we need them? [PAR] We've been using ingredients to help us preserve and improve the taste of food for centuries and without certain additives many processed foods would be unsafe to eat, and if they weren't we wouldn't want to eat them anyway. [PAR] Some of the functions of food additives include: [PAR] adding or restoring colour to foods (artificial colours have code numbers in 100s) [PAR] preventing food from 'going off' (preservatives have code numbers in 200s) [PAR] slowing or preventing the oxidative deterioration of foods (antioxidants have code numbers in 300s) [PAR] improving the flavour of food (food enhancers have code numbers in the 600s). [PAR] \"Consumers expect certain types of food to be certain types of colour so for example, if there are no colours we'd be eating clear margarine,\" Brent says. [PAR] He acknowledges many of us are not happy with the amount of additives in our food, but argues they are a necessity. [PAR] \"There is general concern about the use of food additives, that they're not natural, why do we have them, that we should be eating organic food with no chemicals. But the fact is that with a lot of food, particularly in a large continent like Australia where food has to travel a fair way, you do need preservatives.\" [PAR] Top [PAR] How safe are they? [PAR] Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ) closely monitors the use of food additives, which Brent says undergo comprehensive safety assessments and are subject to regulatory scrutiny similar to pharmaceuticals and chemicals. [PAR] \"The amount of data we get for a food additive compares with the amount of data that other agencies, such as the Office of Chemical Safety or the Therapeutic Goods Administration get.\" [PAR] In addition, food additives are scrutinised by the World Health Organisation, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation and its joint expert committee on food additives. [PAR] Dr Anne Swain, dietitian from Royal Prince Alfred Hospital's allergy unit, says usually food additives aren't a problem. But they can become an issue when overconsumed, or if someone with a sensitivity to a particular additive consumes them. [PAR] The amount of an additive food manufacturers are able to add to foods is based on tests of what is reasonable and safe, not only at normal levels of consumption, but also allowing for overconsumption. [PAR] \"Could you overconsume? Yes. But generally"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australia National Flower - Facts About Golden Wattle Australia National Flower - Facts About Golden Wattle [PAR] Buy From OurStores [PAR] Australia National Flower [PAR] Did you know? Golden Wattle are the most fragrant flowers and are used in making perfumes, bath herbs, and potpourris. [PAR] Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) is Australia's national flower. The Golden Wattle blooms in spring, - beginning September - in Australia, with large fluffy, yellow, sweet smelling flower heads. Each Golden Wattle flower head is a bunch of many tiny flowers. Acacias are popularly called Wattle. [PAR] Kingdom [PAR] Genus [PAR] Acacia [PAR] The tiny Golden Wattle flowers have five very small petals, almost hidden by the long stamens, and are arranged in dense rounded or elongated clusters. The Golden Wattle flowers are yellow in most species, whitish in some, and are widely cultivated as ornamentals. [PAR] Autralia's Acacias vary in size but have a distinctive yellow colouring. Most of the species flower during the end of winter or the beginning of spring. The most common Acacia, the Golden Wattle (Arcacias pycnantha) is found in the South Eastern parts of Australia, and the hotter and drier climates. [PAR] The Golden Wattle tree, is a shrub of about 4-8 metres. The shrubs and trees genus, Acacia comes from the Pea Family (Fabaceae) and is originally Gondwanian. About 1300 species of Acacia abound worldwide, with about 950 of them being native to Australia. The Golden Wattle features prominently on the Australian coat of arms. Australia celebrates Wattle Day on September 1. [PAR] from our stores - Pickupflowers - the flower expert [PAR] Facts About Golden Wattle [PAR] Since the Golden Wattle is native to Australia's Capital territory, the flower was the obvious choice for the floral emblem. [PAR] Australian Acacia pycnantha species are called Golden Wattles, while the African and American species tend are generally called Acacias. [PAR] Golden Wattle are sometimes used as food by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genus Aenetus. [PAR] Even several years old Golden Wattle seeds germinate, provided the outer covering of the seed is sufficiently abraded for water to penetrate. [PAR] The largest Golden wattle is the Blackwood Wattle (Arcacias melanoxylon), which is found within the eastern and southern parts of Australia. [PAR] In Australia, Acacias are called Wattles as they were believed to have been used by the early settlers to make the wattle and daub houses. [PAR] The most common Golden Wattle is Acacia pycnantha, which is found in the South Eastern parts of Australia, as well as the hotter and drier climates. [PAR] Inland, the most common Golden wattle is the Mulga Wattle (Acacias aneura), which has a harder wood than many of the other species. It was also used to make tools and weaponry by the Aboriginal people. [PAR] The strong scent of Golden Wattles, creates an illusion of an allergic reaction in some people sensitive to perfumes. [PAR] Facts About Australia [PAR] Australia was originally a geographical part of the giant continent Gondwana, which broke apart over one hundred million years ago. [PAR] The name Australia comes from Terra Australis- the southern land. Australia, is a country, an island and a continent and is nicknamed as the Land Down Under [PAR] The capital is Canberra. [PAR] The 6th largest nation in the world, Australia is the world's smallest continent and the driest inhabited continent on earth. [PAR] Australia's national flag features a blue background with a Union Jack ( UK flag) in the upper left hand quarter; a large seven pointed star is under the Union Jack, accompanied by five small starts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Marvel (DC) - Comic Adventures Wiki - Wikia Captain Marvel (DC) | Comic Adventures Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Courage of Achilles [PAR] Speed of Mercury [PAR] Captain Marvel is a very well known super hero that calls Fawcett City home. He is known to help wherever he's needed. He is typically thought of as a magical version of Superman and a former member of the Justice Society of America . He is currently a member of the Justice League . [PAR] Billy Batson is a typical high school student who runs the school's radio station. He is really small and typically the target of bullies and most people that knows him, knows that he has no parents or family. [PAR] Background [PAR] Billy Batson and his twin sister Mary Batson were born and lived happily in Fawcett City with their parents. At the age of 10 years old, Billy's parents went on an archeological trip to Egypt with their assistant Theo Adam. Billy was separated from Mary after their parents were killed by their assistant Theo Adam who was secretly in search for an amulet that would transform him into Black Adam. Billy was sent to live with his uncle and Mary was send to an orphanage. Billy's uncle kicked him out after stealing his inheritance. The young Billy was taken to a foster home to get the boy off the streets. After years of not being adopted, Billy decided to leave the home.. not wanting to be a burden no them. Billy learned to survive on the streets as best he could. He moved around from place to place until he finally settled down in Metropolis. It wasn't the ideal place for him, but at least he got to be close to his hero.. Superman! [PAR] The streets are not kind to anyone especially such a young child. Billy suffered and struggled for years. The homeless community did their bets to look out for Billy by teaching him the tricks of survival. After years of being alone and on the streets, a mysterious homeless man lead Billy through a dark and not often used portion of the train station. A never before seen train pulled up and took the young Batson to a massive cavern where he found an old man sitting on a throne. The man revealed himself to be the Wizard Shazam. The Wizard proclaimed that he has chosen Billy to be his new champion and will be gifted with the powers of the elder gods. The massive power transfer caused the cavern started to collapse in on itself. Billy tries to convince the old man that they had to get out. The Wizard refused and told the youngster to leave. Billy runs out out. The cavern entrance collapses and buries everything in what looks to be tons of rock. [PAR] Upset over the death of the old man, Billy yells out the Wizard's name and a bolt of lightning strikes him and instantly transforming him into Captain Marvel. Just then the mysterious homeless man appears and reveals himself to be the boy's guardian and protector. Tawny helps to instruct Billy on his new found powers and how to use them. Billy vows to use his new found powers to find his long lost twin sister. Over the years Captain Marvel emerges to become Fawcett City's protector helping to stop many would be villains. He seems to have caught the hatred of Black Adam in particular. They form a rivalry at least on Adam's part. Captain Marvel tries to reform Black"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlie Sheen won't appear in 'Two and a Half Men' finale ... Charlie Sheen won't appear in 'Two and a Half Men' finale, report says - LA Times [PAR] Charlie Sheen won't appear in 'Two and a Half Men' finale, report says [PAR] Charlie Sheen [PAR] Todd Williamson / Invision/AP [PAR] Don't look for Charlie Sheen in the \"Two and a Half Men\" series finale, a new report says. The actor is pictured in 2012. [PAR] Don't look for Charlie Sheen in the \"Two and a Half Men\" series finale, a new report says. The actor is pictured in 2012. (Todd Williamson / Invision/AP) [PAR] Scott Collins [PAR] Don't look for Charlie Sheen in 'Two and a Half Men' series finale, report says [PAR] Thursday's series finale of \"Two and a Half Men\" may have to win without Charlie Sheen , according to a new report. [PAR] Talks for Sheen to return to the sitcom - from which he was famously sacked in 2011 - \"just didn't go anywhere,\" according to a report at the gossip site Radaronline.com. [PAR] \"The two sides were unable to come to an agreement about how Charlie's return would be handled,\" an anonymous source was quoted as saying. [PAR] Representatives for CBS and Warner Bros., which makes the series, did not immediately respond to Showtracker's requests for comment. [PAR] Such a return would test the writers' creativity, as they killed off Sheen's character, incorrigible playboy Charlie Harper, back in Season 9, shortly after the mercurial actor exited the show and was replaced by Ashton Kutcher . [PAR] Actor [PAR] Charlie Sheen stood up for embattled \"NBC Nightly News\" anchor Brian Williams on Wednesday with a lengthy open letter in which he criticized the network. [PAR] In the letter , the \u201cAnger Management\u201d star called Williams \u201ca stone cold passion driven and (PERFECTLY) fact based journalist.\u201d [PAR] This week,... [PAR] Actor Charlie Sheen stood up for embattled \"NBC Nightly News\" anchor Brian Williams on Wednesday with a lengthy open letter in which he criticized the network. [PAR] In the letter , the \u201cAnger Management\u201d star called Williams \u201ca stone cold passion driven and (PERFECTLY) fact based journalist.\u201d [PAR] This week,... [PAR] (Ryan Parker) [PAR] There could also be some lingering bad feelings. Sheen, after all, publicly dissed his boss, executive producer Chuck Lorre , as a \"clown\" and called costar Jon Cryer \"a traitor and a troll.\" But that was back in the days when Sheen gave maniacal interviews in which he spoke of \"winning\" and being \"a rock star from Mars.\" He's simmered down a bit since then. [PAR] What do you think of Sheen? Will you watch the \"Men\" finale? [PAR] Twitter: @scottcollinsLAT"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boxing Terms - Lingo - Jargon - Predictem.com Boxing Terms - Lingo - Jargon [PAR] Boxing Terms [PAR] Boxing Terms [PAR] by Scotty L of Predictem.com [PAR] Boxing has a colorful language all its own. The boxing lexicon is so replete with imagistic language that many of its words, lingo, jargon and expressions have become a part of regular English. The next time you wonder \"What does (insert word here) in boxing mean?\" You can find it here! Listed below, you'll find some of the more common boxing terms you will hear if you watch and follow boxing. [PAR] BET ON BOXING MATCHES USING YOUR CREDIT CARD AT ONE OF THE WEB'S OLDEST AND MOST TRUSTED BETTING SITES: BOVADA [PAR] Accidental Butt: When the heads of both fighters just so happen to collide during the course of a fight. No one is ruled responsible in such a case. [PAR] Alphabet Groups: Term used to describe the numerous boxing organizations (WBA, IBF, WBC, WBO\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd) that govern the sport. [PAR] Bleeder: A fighter who is vulnerable to cuts. [PAR] Bob and Weave: When a fighter moves his upper body in an up-and-down motion, making him more difficult to time correctly. [PAR] Bolo Punch: A showy, sweeping punch that looks like a little like an uppercut. More of a showboating tactic. [PAR] Bout: Another word for a boxing match. [PAR] Brawler: An aggressive fighter who likes to fight on the inside. [PAR] Break: The moment when the fighters are separating from a clinch. [PAR] Buckle: When fighter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds legs give way, as in \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthat punched buckled him.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Canvas: The floor in a boxing ring. [PAR] Card: The list of fights happening in a single boxing event. [PAR] Caught Cold: Term used to describe a fighter knocked out early in the fight who was not mentally prepared or warmed up properly. [PAR] Chief Second: The head trainer in charge of a fighter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds corner. [PAR] Clinch: When fighters hold each other. [PAR] Combination: A seamless sequence of consecutive punches. [PAR] Contender: A fighter in a position to perhaps challenge for a championship. [PAR] Corkscrew Punch: A punch thrown in a twisting motion, which often causes cuts. [PAR] Cornerman: One of several people who work in a fighter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds corner during a fight. [PAR] Counterpunch: Punch thrown in response to another fighter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds attack. [PAR] Covering Up: Defensive tactic where a fighter goes into a shell to thwart his opponent\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds offensive. [PAR] Cross: Power punch thrown straight with the rear hand. [PAR] Cutman: Cornerman responsible for tending to swelling and cuts. [PAR] Dive: When a fighter purposely loses. [PAR] Eight Count: After a fighter is knocked down, the referee must complete a count of eight even if the opponent rises before that. [PAR] Enswell: Piece of cold metal that is pressed on swelling to prevent the eyes from closing. [PAR] Faded: Term used to describe a fighter past his peak powers. [PAR] Feint: When a fighter acts like he\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds going to punch but does not in order to get his opponent to react. [PAR] Flash knockdown: When a fighter is briefly knocked down, more as a result of a surprise or happenstance than being seriously hurt. [PAR] Fringe Contender: Low-rated contender on the cusp of the world rankings. [PAR] Gate: Total amount of money generated from ticket sales. [PAR] Gatekeeper: Term used to describe a fighter who is not a threat to be champion, but opponents can establish themselves as a legitimate contender by beating him. [PAR] Get Off: A fighter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds ability to get his offense untracked. [PAR] Glass Jaw: A trait of a fighter with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Whispering Gallery, St Paul`s Cathedral \u00ab Sound Tourism Whispering Gallery, St Paul`s Cathedral \u00ab Sound Tourism [PAR] Whispering Gallery, St Paul`s Cathedral [PAR] (7 Votes, average 3.86) [PAR] Loading... [PAR] St Paul\u2019s Cathedral is an iconic building in the centre of London. High up in the central dome is a Whispering Gallery, which I remember visiting as a child. Climb 259 steps inside the dome, stand on one side of the circular gallery and talk very quietly and your speech can be heard quite clearly on the other side some 30m away. [PAR] St Paul\u2019s is a circular whispering gallery. In this case, sound hugs the walls, allowing it to move from one side of the room to another without getting a lot quieter \u2013 the diagram shows some of the paths that the whispers take around the perimeter of the gallery. [PAR] Sound paths in a circular whispering gallery [PAR] Location and Logistics [PAR] St Paul\u2019s Cathedral, St Paul\u2019s Churchyard, London, EC4M 8AD. Admission information . It\u2019s worth arriving early in the morning and going straight to the Dome, because once the space gets busy it\u2019s hard to pick out the whispering gallery effect amongst the hubbub."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Pi - Mathematics Department History of Mathematics [PAR] Rutgers, Spring 2000 [PAR] Throughout the history of mathematics, one of the most enduring challenges has been the calculation of the ratio between a circle's circumference and diameter, which has come to be known by the Greek letter pi. From ancient Babylonia to the Middle Ages in Europe to the present day of supercomputers, mathematicians have been striving to calculate the mysterious number. They have searched for exact fractions, formulas, and, more recently, patterns in the long string of numbers starting with 3.14159 2653..., which is generally shortened to 3.14. William L. Schaaf once said, \"Probably no symbol in mathematics has evoked as much mystery, romanticism, misconception and human interest as the number pi\" (Blatner, 1). We will probably never know who first discovered that the ratio between a circle's circumference and diameter is constant, nor will we ever know who first tried to calculate this ratio. The people who initiated the hunt for pi were the Babylonians and Egyptians, nearly 4000 years ago. It is not clear how they found their approximation for pi, but one source (Beckman) makes the claim that they simply made a big circle, and then measured the circumference and diameter with a piece of rope. They used this method to find that pi was slightly greater than 3, and came up with the value 3 1/8 or 3.125 (Beckmann, 11). However, this theory is probably a fantasy based on a misinterpretation of the Greek word \"Harpedonaptae,\" which Democritus once mentioned in a letter to a colleague. The word literally means \"rope-stretchers\" or \"rope-fasteners.\" The misinterpretation is that these men were stretching ropes in order to calculate circles, while they were actually making measurements in order to mark the property limits and areas for temples, according to (Heath, 121). [PAR] A famous Egyptian piece of papyrus gives us another ancient estimation for pi. Dated around 1650 BC, the Rhind Papyrus was written by a scribe named Ahmes. Ahmes wrote, \"Cut off 1/9 of a diameter and construct a square upon the remainder; this has the same area as the circle\" (Blatner, 8). In other words, he implied that pi = 4(8/9)2 = 3.16049, which is also fairly accurate. Word of this did not spread to the East, however, as the Chinese used the inaccurate value pi = 3 hundreds of years later. [PAR] Chronologically, the next approximation of pi is found in the Old Testament. A fairly well known verse, 1 Kings 7:23, says: \"Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about\" (Blatner, 13). This implies that pi = 3. Debates have raged on for centuries about this verse. According to some it was just a simple approximation, while others say that \"... the diameter perhaps was measured from outside, while the circumference was measured from inside\" (Tsaban, 76). However, most mathematicians and scientists neglect a far more accurate approximation for pi that lies deep within the mathematical \"code\" of the Hebrew language. In Hebrew, each letter equals a certain number, and a word's \"value\" is equal to the sum of its letters. Interestingly enough, in 1 Kings 7:23, the word \"line\" is written Kuf Vov Heh, but the Heh does not need to be there, and is not pronounced. With the extra letter , the word has a value of 111, but without it, the value is 106. (Kuf=100, Vov=6, Heh=5). The ratio of pi to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mythology of the Planets - Universe Today Mythology of the Planets - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Abby Cessna [PAR] [/caption] [PAR] Thousands of years ago, ancient civilizations turned to the heavens, marveling at their wonders. These ancient people worshipped various gods and often linked their gods with planets in the sky, which they considered to be \u201cwandering stars.\u201d [PAR] Mercury gets its name from the winged messenger of the gods. He was also the god of thievery, commerce, and travel. Most likely, the planet got its name from the rate at which it spins. [PAR] Venus was the Roman goddess of love and beauty, so it is a fitting name for this brightly shining planet. The only objects in our Solar System brighter than Venus are the Sun and the Moon. Ancient civilizations thought that Venus was two different objects \u2013 the Morning Star and the Evening Star. Other civilizations have also associated the planet with love. The Babylonians called the planet Ishtar after their goddess of womanhood and love. [PAR] Earth is the only planet not named after a Roman god or goddess, but it is associated with the goddess Terra Mater (Gaea to the Greeks). In mythology, she was the first goddess on Earth and the mother of Uranus. The name Earth comes from Old English and Germanic. It is derived from \u201ceor(th)e\u201d and \u201certha,\u201d which mean \u201cground.\u201d Other civilizations all over the world also developed terms for our planet. [PAR] Mars is named after the Roman god of war. The planet got its name from the fact that it is the color of blood. Other civilizations also named the planets for its red color. [PAR] Jupiter was the Roman king of the gods. Considering that Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar System, it makes sense that the planet was named after the most important god. [PAR] Saturn was named after the Roman god of agriculture and harvest. While the planet may have gotten its name from its golden color, like a field of wheat, it also had to do with its position in the sky. According to mythology, the god Saturn stole the position of king of the gods from his father Uranus. The throne was then stolen by Jupiter. [PAR] Uranus was not discovered until the 1800\u2019s, but the astronomers in that time period continued the tradition of naming planets after Roman gods. In mythology, Uranus was the father of Saturn and was at one time the king of the gods. [PAR] While Neptune almost ended up being named after one of the astronomers credited with discovering it \u2013 Verrier \u2013 that was greatly disputed, so it was named after the god of the sea. The name was probably inspired by its blue color. [PAR] Pluto is no longer a planet, but it used to be. The dark, cold, former planet was named after the god of the underworld. The first two letters of Pluto are also the initials of the man who predicted its existence, Percival Lowell. [PAR] Universe Today has articles on names of the planets and all the planets . [PAR] For more information on the planets check out all about the planets and mythology of the planets. [PAR] Astronomy Cast has episodes on all the planets including Saturn ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mohs Scale of Hardness - Mineralogical Society of America Mohs Scale of Hardness [PAR] [PAR] MOHS' SCALE OF HARDNESS [PAR] The Mohs' hardness scale was developed in 1822 by Frederich Mohs. This scale is a chart of relative hardness of the various minerals (1 - softest to 10 - hardest). Since hardness depends upon the crystallographic direction (ultimately on the strength of the bonds between atoms in a crystal), there can be variations in hardness depending upon the direction in which one measures this property. One of the most striking examples of this is kyanite, which has a hardness of 5.5 parallel to the 1 direction ( c-axis), while it has a hardness of 7.0 parallel to the 100 direction ( a-axis). Talc (1), the softest mineral on the Mohs scale has a hardness greater than gypsum (2) in the direction that is perpendicular to the cleavage. Diamonds (10) also show a variation in hardness (the octahedral faces are harder than the cube faces). For further information see articles from the American Mineralogist on microhardness , the Knoop tester , and diamonds . [PAR] Mohs' hardness is a measure of the relative hardness and resistance to scratching between minerals. Other hardness scales rely on the ability to create an indentation into the tested mineral (such as the Rockwell, Vickers, and Brinell hardness - these are used mainly to determine hardness in metals and metal alloys). The scratch hardness is related to the breaking of the chemical bonds in the material, creation of microfractures on the surface, or displacing atoms (in metals) of the mineral. Generally, minerals with covalent bonds are the hardest while minerals with ionic, metallic, or van der Waals bonding are much softer. [PAR] When doing the tests of the minerals it is necessary to determine which mineral was scratched. The powder can be rubbed or blown off and surface scratches can usually be felt by running the fingernail over the surface. One can also get a relative feel for the hardness difference between two minerals. For instance quartz will be able to scratch calcite with much greater ease than you can scratch calcite with fluorite. One must also use enough force to create the scratch (if you don't use enough force even diamond will not be able to scratch quartz - this is an area where practice is important). You also have to be careful to test the material that you think you are testing and not some small inclusion in the sample. This is where using a small hand lens can be very useful to determine if the test area is homogenous. [PAR] [PAR] Rope's Gold Mine, Michigan (green) 4 cm. across talc mass [PAR] [PAR] Why is hardness important? [PAR] The effects of high hardness are important in many fields. Abrasives are used to form and polish many substances. Diamonds are an important mineral component in cutting tools for the manufacturing of metals and other substances, forming dies for the drawing of wires, and for cutting cores in oil wells and mineral exploration. Emery - a variety of corundum, is used in many abrasive products that do not require the hardness (or expense) of diamond tools. Garnets were used as an abrasive in sandpaper. Talc is an extremely soft mineral that has been used in bath powders (talcum powder). [PAR] Mineral harness is also important in sedimentary rocks. Harder minerals tend to be able to travel longer distances down river systems. Quartz can often undergo several cycles of erosion, transportation and lithification ( change of sediments to rock). Zircons are persistent minerals in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the largest ocean basin on Earth? What is the largest ocean basin on Earth? [PAR] Home Ocean Facts What is the largest ocean basin on Earth? [PAR] What is the largest ocean basin on Earth? [PAR] The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of the world ocean basins. [PAR] The ' Ring of Fire ' is defined by a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, island arcs, and volcanic mountain ranges and/or boundaries of several plates. It encircles the periphery of the Pacific Ocean Basin. (image courtesy of COMET\u00ae program) [PAR] Covering approximately 59 million square miles and containing more than half of the free water on Earth, the Pacific is by far the largest of the world\u2019s ocean basins. All of the world\u2019s continents could fit into the Pacific basin. [PAR] The Pacific is the oldest of the existing ocean basins. Its oldest rocks have been dated at about 200 million years. The Pacific basin is referred to as the \u201cRing of Fire\u201d due to intense earthquake and volcanic activity occurring near areas of tectonic plate subduction (where one tectonic plate is forced under another). [PAR] The Atlantic basin is the second largest basin, followed by the Indian Ocean basin, the Southern Ocean, and finally the Arctic Ocean basin. [PAR] Search Our Facts[DOC] [TLE] World's Biggest Oceans & Seas | Pacific & Atlantic Oceans World's Biggest Oceans & Seas | Pacific & Atlantic Oceans [PAR] 1 of 12 [PAR] Intro [PAR] Water covers more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface , with the largest body of water, the Pacific Ocean, taking up more than one-third of the planet's surface. [PAR] All of the oceans on Earth are estimated to have a volume of 0.3 billion cubic miles (1.332 billion cubic kilometers) and an average depth of 12,080.7 feet (3,682.2 meters). But the various bodies of water that make up this total ocean area have their own unique characteristics and range in size from the sprawling Pacific to the self-contained Mediterranean. [PAR] Here are the top 10 biggest seas and oceans in the world, as measured by surface area in square miles (square kilometers). [PAR] 2 of 12 [PAR] Bering Sea [PAR] 873,000 square miles (2,261,060 square kilometers) [PAR] Located between Alaska and Siberia, the Bering Sea is known as having some of the most harrowing and unpredictable weather conditions on Earth. In fact, the Discovery Channel's \"Deadliest Catch,\" a television show that chronicles the real-life adventures of five Alaskan King crabbing boats, takes place on the Bering Sea. [PAR] The Bering Sea's weather is most unforgiving during the winter crabbing season, when winds can reach hurricane-like forces, frigid waves become violent and ice fields pose a major threat if in a boat's path. [PAR] There are more than 400 species of fish in the Bering Sea, according to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. However, commercial fishing has impacted the biodiversity of the Bering Sea, leading to the extinction of several rare species, according to The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). [PAR] 3 of 12 [PAR] Mediterranean Sea [PAR] 969,000 square miles (2,509,698 square kilometers) [PAR] Connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land, the Mediterranean Sea's name comes from the Latin word meaning \"inland\" or \"in the middle of the Earth.\" The Mediterranean Sea is home to some of the world's busiest shipping routes, also making the sea a prime area for marine pollution. [PAR] With approximately 400 tons (370 million tonnes) of oil transported annually in the Mediterranean Sea and around 250"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the longest river in the world? - Ask History What is the longest river in the world? - Ask History [PAR] Ask History [PAR] July 9, 2014 By Nate Barksdale [PAR] Share this: [PAR] What is the longest river in the world? [PAR] Author [PAR] What is the longest river in the world? [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] The longest river in the world, measured from its mouth to its most distant, year-round source, is likely the Amazon, which flows 4,345 miles from the Peruvian Andes through Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. However, much depends on how you measure it. Until 2007, the title belonged to the Nile, which runs 4,258 miles from the mountains of Burundi to its famed and fertile delta fan, where Egypt meets the Mediterranean Sea. The two lengths are close enough that measuring techniques and philosophies can be quite controversial. In fact, the geographers who crowned the Amazon champion were funded in part by the Brazilian government. [PAR] The Ancient Egyptians were familiar with the Nile as far upstream as today\u2019s Khartoum, Sudan, some 1,700 miles from the river\u2019s mouth. In A.D. 150 Ptolemy, the famed Greek geographer living in Roman Egypt, wrote that the river originated in the \u201cMountains of the Moon\u201d deep in the African interior. In 1862 English explorer John Hanning Speke journeyed from Africa\u2019s east coast to find what he considered to be the source, where the river exits Lake Victoria in present-day Uganda. [PAR] Geographers did not explore the Amazon\u2019s most distant sources until the mid-20th century, and it was only with the advent of GPS technologies that ever-more accurate estimates, like the 2007 survey, were made possible. Great rivers change course over the seasons and the years, making it difficult to determine which measurement comprises its accurate length. As the crow flies, it is about 2,400 miles from the Nile\u2019s source to its outlet (the meandering Amazon covers a mere 1,100 miles of straight-line distance). [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fur and Skin | Polar Bears International Fur and Skin | Polar Bears International [PAR] Polar bears are built for cold and beautifully adapted to an arctic environment. Details... [PAR] \u00a9 Dick and Val Beck [PAR] Fur. Polar bears' fur consists of a dense, insulating underfur topped by guard hairs of various lengths. It is not actually white\u2014it just looks that way. [PAR] Each hair shaft is pigment-free and transparent with a hollow core that scatters and reflects visible light, much like what happens with ice and snow. [PAR] Polar bears look whitest when they are clean and in high angle sunlight, especially just after the molt period, which usually begins in spring and is complete by late summer. Before molting, accumulated oils in their fur from the seals they eat can make them look yellow. [PAR] Skin. Polar bears have black skin under which there is a layer of fat that can measure up to 4.5 inches (11.5 centimeters) thick. [PAR] On land (or on top of the sea ice) the polar bear's thick fur coat\u2014not its fat\u2014prevents nearly any heat loss. In fact, adult males can quickly overheat when they run. [PAR] In the water, polar bears rely more on their fat layer to keep warm: wet fur is a poor insulator. This is why mother bears are so reluctant to swim with young cubs in the spring: the cubs just don't have enough fat.[DOC] [TLE] What Colour is a Polar Bear, White, Yellow or Green ... What Colour is a Polar Bear, White, Yellow or Green? [PAR] January 4, 2012 [PAR] What colour do you think Polar bear fur is? That might seem like a silly question but the answer might surprise you. HINT: it\u2019s not white! Polar bear fur is actually clear! That\u2019s right! CLEAR! [PAR] But if the Polar bear\u2019s skin is black, how come they don\u2019t look black in colour? Well, each of the longer guard hairs on the Polar bear\u2019s body is hollow and reflects visible light, much like snow. So when the sun is shining brightly, Polar bears appear bright white. [PAR] This polar bear has algae growing in its hair. Photo Credit: Steven Pierson [PAR] Since these hairs are hollow, the Polar bears\u2019 diet and environment can affect their colour. Polar bears whose diet has a lot of seals in it can look light yellow because of the seal oils. Polar bears that live in warmer climates (like in zoos) can have algae growing in their hair, which can make them look green! Don\u2019t worry, being green doesn\u2019t cause the Polar bear any harm and a bath with special salt solution turns them white again."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From a tree, a 'miracle' called aspirin - CNN.com From a tree, a 'miracle' called aspirin - CNN.com [PAR] From a tree, a 'miracle' called aspirin [PAR] By Elizabeth Landau, CNN [PAR] Hippocrates wrote that willow tree bark and leaves would reduce fevers and pain [PAR] Aspirin's uses for heart patients came to light in 1948 [PAR] Complications of aspirin include gastrointestinal bleeding [PAR] RELATED TOPICS [PAR] Health and Fitness [PAR] (CNN) -- If you take aspirin, you've got a pain reliever, heart attack preventer and possible cancer preventer rolled into one tablet. You might think that whoever invented aspirin is a genius, but the truth is humans have been using its natural equivalent for thousands of years. [PAR] \"Aspirin is one of those things that, long before there were ever clinical trials or any kind of scientific knowledge, people figured out, 'Hey, I feel better when I take this substance,' \" said Dr. Karol Watson, assistant professor of cardiology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles. [PAR] The drug has been making headlines because a study in the Lancet recently found that a daily aspirin appeared to lower the risk of cancer by at least 20% during a 20-year period. That's based on data from more than 25,000 patients and builds on earlier findings that aspirin may lower the risk of colorectal cancer. The research has limitations and is not definitive proof, but it does add another benefit to an ancient remedy that has been called a miracle drug. [PAR] \"There are no countries in which it is unknown, unappreciated, or unavailable,\" the late medical writer Berton Rouech\u00e9 wrote in 1955, in an article later published in the anthology \"The Medical Detectives.\" [PAR] History of aspirin [PAR] The word \"aspirin\" wasn't a coincidence. It comes from Spiraea, a biological genus of shrubs that includes natural sources of the drug's key ingredient: salicylic acid. This acid, resembling what's in modern-day aspirin, can be found in jasmine, beans, peas, clover and certain grasses and trees. [PAR] The ancient Egyptians used willow bark as a remedy for aches and pains, said Diarmuid Jeffreys, author of \"Aspirin: The Remarkable Story of a Wonder Drug.\" They didn't know that what was reducing body temperature and inflammation was the salicylic acid. [PAR] Hippocrates, the Greek physician who lived from about 460 to 377 B.C., wrote that willow leaves and bark relieved pain and fevers. [PAR] It wasn't until thousands of years later that people began to isolate the key ingredients of aspirin. An 18th-century clergyman, Edward Stone, rediscovered aspirin, in effect, when he wrote a report about how a preparation of powdered willow bark seemed to benefit 50 patients with ague and other maladies, Rouech\u00e9 wrote. [PAR] In the 1800s, researchers across Europe explored salicylic acid. French pharmacist Henri Leroux isolated it in 1829, Rouech\u00e9 writes. Hermann Kolbe discovered synthetic salicylic acid in 1874, but when administered often in large doses, patients experienced nausea and vomiting, and some even went into a coma. A buffer was needed to ease the effects of this acid on the stomach. [PAR] The aspirin we know came into being in the late 1890s in the form of acetylsalicylic acid when chemist Felix Hoffmann at Bayer in Germany used it to alleviate his father's rheumatism, a timeline from Bayer says. Beginning in 1899, Bayer distributed a powder with this ingredient to physicians to give to patients. The drug became a hit and, in 1915, it was sold as over-the-counter tablets. [PAR] One patient who should not have been taking aspirin was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Driest Desert | Atacama Desert, Chile - Extreme Science Driest Desert | Atacama Desert, Chile [PAR] Driest Place: Atacama Desert, Chile [PAR] Even the Driest Place on Earth has Water [PAR] These incredibly dry mountains see an average of less than .004 inches/.01cm of rain per year. Many times this area will go without rainfall at all for years. Some places in the Atacama Desert have not had rainfall for over 400 years. The Atacama desert is found along the coast of Chile, South America - right next to the Pacific Ocean - the biggest body of water in the world. Much of the desert extends up into the Andes mountains and is very high in elevation. Unlike more familiar deserts, like the Sahara desert in Africa and the Mojave in California, the Atacama is actually a pretty cold place, with average daily temperatures ranging between 0\u00b0C and 25\u00b0C. The annual rainfall (or lack of it) defines a desert, but that doesn't mean that it never rains in Atacama. Every so often a warming effect over the Pacific Ocean around the equator changes the weather the world over and even places like the driest desert in the world can become doused with drenching storms. Even though Atacama gets almost no rainfall, there is water in this arid place and you'll find it in the following places: [PAR] Salt Lakes [PAR] During years of heavy rainfall in the distant past, enough water accumulated in basins found throughout the Andes to create lakes. Some of the lakes got their water from melting glaciers at the end of the last ice age. But in some lakes in the Andes mountains, such as Atacama, more water is lost through evaporation than is replaced by rainfall so the lakes are drying up. As the water evaporates, the mineral salts in the water become more concentrated, creating very salty water. [PAR] Snow [PAR] In the higher elevations when precipitation comes to Atacama snow falls instead of rain. There are small patches of unmelted snow in the mountain tops where in never gets warm enough to melt the snow. [PAR] Underground [PAR] Anywhere you go in the world, regardless of how much or little it rains, there is always water underground. After it rains, some of the rainwater evaporates back into the air, but much of it trickles down into the ground and stays there - even in the desert. How much water and where depends on a number of things; soil composition, air and soil surface temperature, amount and frequency of rainfall/precipitation, and drainage. Since the Andes is a volcanically active mountain range, the magma beneath the ground will heat the groundwater in certain places causing geysers to erupt. [PAR] Fog and Dew [PAR] This mummy of a girl is from the Atacama Desert. Her remains are estimated to be about 800 years old. Find out more about mummies. [PAR] Most of the precipitation that comes to the Atacama is in the form of fog that blows in the from the Pacific. Fog is essentially very low clouds, consisting of water vapor cooling and beginning to condense. If you've ever been in fog you know that it can leave you a little moist. When the air temperature reaches dew point the water vapor in the air condenses to leave little droplets of water behind. The few things that are able to survive in the Atacama live on the combined moisture from fog and dew. [PAR] Does Anything Live There? [PAR] Many people have the view that deserts are places forsaken by Mother Nature and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cave formations are produced when calcium carbonate ... Cave formations are produced when calcium carbonate saturated - GLG - 101 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] These long, slender stalactites are called \u201csoda straws\u201d. They are hollow and can be 20 or more feet long. Kartchner Caverns in southern Arizona has excellent examples of these formations. (*) [PAR] This is called cave drapery. The individual segments resemble bacon and is called \u201ccave bacon\u201d. (*) And if you are really hungry\u2026 eggs. This is another bacon formation. If you are hungry enough it probably does look like bacon. (*) The \u201cegg\u201d is the beginning of a stalagmite. (*) [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Sinkholes and Karst Topography Sinkholes and Karst Topography MONTEZUMA\u2019S WELL NEAR CAMP VERDE, ARIZONA MONTEZUMA\u2019S WELL NEAR CAMP VERDE, ARIZONA Limestone is easily dissolved by acidic groundwater. Extensive caverns like Carlsbad or Mammoth Cave in Kentucky are obvious examples. Sinkholes are also created by limestone solution. (*) [PAR] Sinkholes and Karst Topography Sinkholes and Karst Topography These are both examples of sinkholes in Arizona. The image above is along the Little Colorado River (entrenched meanders). The one on the right is Montezuma\u2019s Well. Both are the result of limestone solution to produce a cavern, and then the roof of the cavern collapsing to produce the sinkhole. (*) [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Sinkholes and Karst Sinkholes and Karst Topography Topography Perhaps the most famous sinkhole in recent U.S. history is the one formed in May 1981, in Winter Park, Florida near Orlando. The sinkhole is roughly circular but elongated, (approximately 300 feet by 300 feet in size). It swallowed one house and shed, half of the municipal swimming pool, a Porsche sports car, several large oak trees, a section of the crossing street and adjoining street and an estimated 4 million cubic feet of soil. The sinkhole also damaged three other Porsche sports cars and a pick- up camper that slid into the crater. (*) http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=6 Disappearing Lake These are a couple of interesting sinkhole links. [PAR] Sinkholes and Karst Topography Sinkholes and Karst Topography Figure 17.27 Acidic groundwater dissolves limestone easily. This produces caverns. As the caverns grow in size the roof becomes unstable and collapse to produce a sinkhole. As sinkholes grow in size and number a pockmarked landscape develops called Karst Topography. (*) [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Sinkholes and Karst Topography Sinkholes and Karst Topography Water Table Unsaturated Zone Zone of Saturation The formation of a sinkhole begins at the water table. Water Soluble Rock Groundwater containing carbonic acid begins to dissolve the soluble rock \u2013 which in most cases is limestone. (*) [PAR] Sinkholes and Karst Topography Sinkholes and Karst Topography Water Table Unsaturated Zone Zone of Saturation With fluctuations of the water table over time the cavities become larger. (*) [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pigments for Photosynthesis - Georgia State University Pigments for Photosynthesis [PAR] Pigments for Photosynthesis [PAR] Photosynthesis in plants is dependent upon capturing light energy in the pigment chlorophyll , and in particular chlorophyll a. This chlorophyll resides mostly in the chloroplasts and gives leaves their green color. The range of light absorption in leaves is extended by some accessory pigments such as the carotenoids , but does not cover the entire visible range - that would make the leaves black! [PAR] Some plants and plantlike organisms have developed other pigments to compensate for low light or poor use of light. Cyanobacteria and red algae have phycocyanin and allophycocyanin as accessory pigments to absorbe orange light. They also have a red pigment called phycoerythrin that absorbs green light and extends the range of photosynthesis. The red pigment lycopene is found in vegetables. Some red algae are in fact nearly black, so that increases their photosynthetic efficiency. Brown algae have the pigment fucoxanthin in addition to chlorophyll to widen their absorption range. These red and brown algae grow to depths around 270 meters where the light is less than 1% of surface light. [PAR] But the most advanced plants are the land plants, which have the least advanced system for gathering light! [PAR] Take a microscopic view. [PAR] Chlorophylla-a is the primary pigment for photosynthesis in plants. Its structure is shown at left. It has the composition C55H72O5N4Mg. It exhibits a grass-green visual color and absorption peaks at 430nm and 662nm. It occurs in all photosynthetic organisms except photosynthetic bacteria. [PAR] Chlorophyll-b has the composition C55H70O6N4Mg, the difference from chlorophyll-a being the replacement of a methyl group with a CHO. It exhibits a blue-green visual color and absorption peaks at 453nm and 642nm. It occurs in all plants, green algae and some prokaryotes. There is usually about half as much chlorophyll-b as the -a variety in plants.[DOC] [TLE] Biology of Plants : Making Food - MBGnet Biology of Plants: Making Food [PAR] Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food from light, water, nutrients, and carbon dioxide. [PAR] What is chlorophyll? [PAR] Chlorophyll is the green pigment, or color, found in plants that helps the plant make food. [PAR] Plants are very important to us. All food people eat comes directly or indirectly from plants. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Directly from plants: [PAR] Indirectly from plants: [PAR] For example, apples come from an apple tree. The flour used to make bread comes from a wheat plant. [PAR] Steak comes from a cow, and we all know that cows are animals, not plants, right? But what does the cow eat? It eats grass and grains\u2014PLANTS! [PAR] So all the foods we eat come from plants. But what do plants eat? They make their own food! [PAR] What Do Plants Need to Make Food? [PAR] Plants need several things to make their own food. [PAR] They need: [PAR] chlorophyll, a green pigment found in the leaves of plants (see the layer of chlorophyll in the cross-section of a leaf below) [PAR] light (either natural sunlight or artificial light, like from a light bulb) [PAR] carbon dioxide (CO2)(a gas found in the air; one of the gases people and animals breathe out when they exhale) [PAR] water (which the plant collects through its roots) [PAR] nutrients and minerals (which the plant collects from the soil through its roots) [PAR] Plants make food in their leaves. The leaves contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which colors the leaves green. Chlorophyll can make food the plant can use from carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and energy from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Are Snowflakes Always Six-Sided? - DoubleXScience Why Are Snowflakes Always Six-Sided? - DoubleXScience [PAR] Why Are Snowflakes Always Six-Sided? [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Matthew R Francis [PAR] (Today\u2019s offering is a guest post by engineer Linda Gaines .) [PAR] It\u2019s a well-known fact that all snowflakes have six sides. Or at least I thought it was. Why Google is unable to Google that fact and has on at least two occasions created a Doodle with an eight-sided snowflake is a mystery. What\u2019s less mysterious is how scientists can be so sure that all snowflakes have six sides. Have we examined all snowflakes? No, of course not, but the explanation lies in two words: hydrogen bonding. Thanks to the intermolecular force of hydrogen bonding, all snowflakes have six sides, and hydrogen bonding also makes life as we know it possible. Now that\u2019s an important bond. [PAR] You can\u2019t really understand hydrogen bonding, though, without understanding why water molecules are arranged like they are. Water seems like a simple enough molecule. It consists of one oxygen atom with two hydrogen atoms bonded to it. The hydrogen atoms bond to the oxygen atom at a distance of exactly 104.5 degrees from each other (1). Why that particular angle? [PAR] An oxygen atom has a total of eight electrons. Two of them take up all the available spots in the shell closest to the atom\u2019s nucleus. The remaining six electrons are relegated to the atom\u2019s outermost (or valence) electronic shell. But this shell can actually hold eight electrons, so two spots are open. A hydrogen atom has one electron on its only electronic shell, and since that shell holds two electrons, it\u2019s got room for one more. [PAR] Because oxygen has two available spaces and hydrogen has one, oxygen can share that space with two hydrogen atoms. Both hydrogen atoms share their single electron with the oxygen, and the oxygen shares an electrons with each of the hydrogen atoms. The remaining four of the oxygen\u2019s electrons aren\u2019t a part of this sharing arrangement, though. Electrons kick around in pairs, so these four non-sharing electrons form two pairs. [PAR] With these two pairs sitting alone and the other two electrons each sharing with a hydrogen, a water molecule has a tetrahedron (or three-sided pyramid) shape with four attachments emerging from the oxygen nucleus. Two of those attachments are electron clouds containing two electrons each (the pairs), and the other two attachments are hydrogen atoms with two electrons moving between the oxygen and hydrogen orbits. In a true tetrahedron, the attachments would all be 109.5 degrees from each other. With the water molecule, though, the hydrogen atoms are 104.5 degrees from each other because the two paired-electron clouds are grabby with space and force the electrons shared with the hydrogen atoms a little closer together. [PAR] So we\u2019ve learned that the hydrogen and oxygen form a covalent bond, which means they share their electrons. What I haven\u2019t told you is that the oxygen is very grabby with that electron, so the sharing isn\u2019t exactly equal. The oxygen has a stronger hold on the electron and is pulling that negative charge closer to it and away from the hydrogens. What results is a slightly negative oxygen and slightly positive hydrogens. The oxygen actually has two areas of negativity, right across from where it\u2019s bonded with each hydrogen. Water molecules can use these areas of slight charge to form a fairly strong bond with other molecules, a bond called a hydrogen bond . While not every molecule containing hydrogen can form this kind of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nephology - definition of nephology by The Free Dictionary Nephology - definition of nephology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Nephology - definition of nephology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nephology [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to nephology: nomology [PAR] The branch of meteorology that deals with clouds. [PAR] [Greek nephos, cloud; see nebh- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + -logy .] [PAR] neph\u2032o\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal (n\u0115f\u2032\u0259-l\u014fj\u2032\u012d-k\u0259l) adj. [PAR] nephology [PAR] (Physical Geography) the study of clouds [PAR] nephological, nephologic adj [PAR] nephology - the branch of meteorology that studies clouds and cloud formation [PAR] meteorology - the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather) [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] weather [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] President PKLI said Shahbaz Sharif made possible the construction of a non-profit,charity institute which will serve as center of excellence in Urology, Nephology, Hepatology and Transplantation-Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research center (Trust). [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] nephology | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary nephology | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] nephology in American English (ni\u02c8f\u0251l\u0259d\u0292i ; n\u0113f\u00e4l\u02c8\u0259j\u0113; n\u026a\u02c8f\u0251l\u0259d\u0292i ; nif\u00e4l\u02c8\u0259j\u0113) [PAR] Definitions [PAR] the branch of meteorology dealing with clouds [PAR] Webster\u2019s New World College Dictionary, Fourth Edition, compiled by the editors of Webster\u2019s New World Dictionaries. Copyright \u00a9 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The World's First Physicist | Maslaha The World's First Physicist | Maslaha [PAR] The World's First Physicist [PAR] Submitted by admin on Tue, 02/16/2010 - 15:25 [PAR] in [PAR] English [PAR] None [PAR] Isaac Newton, as everyone knows, is the greatest physicist of all time. At the very least, he is the undisputed father of modern optics - or so we are told at school, where our textbooks abound with his famous experiments with lenses and prisms, his study of the nature of light and its reflection, and the refraction and decomposition of light into the colours of the rainbow. [PAR] Yet the truth is rather greyer; and I feel it important to point out that, certainly in the field of optics, Newton himself stood on the shoulders of a giant who lived seven hundred years earlier. For, without doubt, another great physicist, who is worthy of ranking up alongside Newton, is an Iraqi scientist born in 965 AD who went by the name of al-Hassan ibn al-Haytham. Most people in the West will never have even heard of him. [PAR] As a physicist myself, I am quite in awe of this man's contribution to my field. As a science communicator and broadcaster I am also fortunate enough to have recently been given the opportunity to dig a little into his life and work. Although half my time is spent working as an academic within the Department of Physics at the University of Surrey, I am also honoured to hold the first Surrey chair in the public engagement in science. It is with this hat on that I have embarked on presenting a three-part BBC series on medieval Islamic scientists. [PAR] Popular accounts of the history of science typically show a timeline in which no major scientific advances seem to have taken place during the period between the ancient Greeks and the European Renaissance. In between, so we are told, Western Europe and, by extrapolation, the rest of the world, languished in the Dark Ages for a thousand years. [PAR] The story of this astonishing era remains largely untold outside academic circles despite being one in which Arabic scientific knowledge first built upon, and then far surpassed, that of the ancient Greeks. Advances were made in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, physics, chemistry, philosophy and just about every other scientific discipline. Among the many geniuses of that period - between the eighth and twelfth centuries - Ibn al-Haytham stands taller than all the others. [PAR] Ibn al-Haytham is regarded as the father of the modern scientific method. As commonly defined, this is the approach to investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge, based on the gathering of data through observation and measurement, followed by the formulation and testing of hypotheses to explain the data. This is how we do science today and is why I put my trust in the advances that have been made in science. But it is often still claimed that the modern scientific method was not established until the early seventeenth century by Francis Bacon and Ren\u00e9 Descartes. However, there is no doubt in my mind that Ibn al-Haytham arrived there first. [PAR] With his emphasis on experimental data and reproducibility of results, as exemplified his famous Book of Optics, Ibn al-Haytham made this insistence upon the primacy of the scientific method a central theme of his life's work. Indeed, his seven-volume classic ranks alongside Newton's Principia Mathematica in terms of importance in science, the consequence being that he is often referred to as the world's first true scientist. [PAR] He was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the largest flower in the world? (Everyday ... What is the largest flower in the world? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress) [PAR] What is the largest flower in the world? [PAR] [PAR] The Rafflesia arnoldii. [PAR] The flower with the world's largest bloom is the Rafflesia arnoldii. This rare flower is found in the rainforests of Indonesia. It can grow to be 3 feet across and weigh up to 15 pounds! It is a parasitic plant, with no visible leaves, roots, or stem. It attaches itself to a host plant to obtain water and nutrients. When in bloom, the Rafflesia emits a repulsive odor, similar to that of rotting meat. This odor attracts insects that pollinate the plant. [PAR] Another enormous flower found in Indonesia is the Amorphophallus titanum, or Titan arum. It is also known as the \"corpse flower\" for its unpleasant odor. Like the Rafflesia, the Titan emits the smell of rotting flesh to attract pollinators. Technically, the Titan arum is not a single flower. It is a cluster of many tiny flowers, called an inflorescence. The Titan arum has the largest unbranched inflorescence of all flowering plants. The plant can reach heights of 7 to 12 feet and weigh as much as 170 pounds! [PAR] Related Web Sites [PAR] Virtual Herbarium: Conserving the Giant Titans - This site provides the history, statistics, and frequently asked questions about the Titan Arum, as well as, documented blooms of the Titan Arum in the United States. [PAR] Kew Royal Botanic Gardens: Amorphophallus titanum - The Kew provides Amorphophallus titanum species information, description, cultivation and helpful informational links [PAR] Kew Royal Botanic Gardens: Rafflesia arnoldii - The Kew provides Rafflesia arnoldii species, geographic distribution, discover information and helpful web links. [PAR] Rafflesia arnoldii - This page contains photographs of the Rafflesia arnoldii. [PAR] Further Reading [PAR] Attenborough, David. The private life of plants: A natural history of plant behaviour. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1995. 320 p. [PAR] Emboden, Willliam A. Bizarre plants: magical, monstrous, mythical. London, Studio Vista, 1974. 214 p. [PAR] Nais, Jamili. Rafflesia of the world. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Parks, 2001. 243 p [PAR] Ross, Edward S. Rafflesia: the superflower. California Wild, v. 56, Summer, 2003 p. 8-11. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/calwild/2003summer/stories/rafflesia.html l [PAR] For more print resources... [PAR] Search on \"Botany,\" \"botany Indonesia,\" \"plants Indonesia,\" or \"tropical plants\" in the Library of Congress Online Catalog . [PAR] The Rafflesia arnoldii is the world's largest flower. Photograph by Harry Wiriadinata and Suwito Alam from article in Voice of Nature, v. 84, August 1990, p. 14."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Giant Sequoias and Redwoods: The Largest and Tallest Trees Giant Sequoias and Redwoods: The Largest and Tallest Trees [PAR] Giant Sequoias and Redwoods: The Largest and Tallest Trees [PAR] By Jessie Szalay, LiveScience Contributor | [PAR] September 5, 2013 09:03pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Credit: Felix Lipov | Shutterstock [PAR] Giant sequoias and California redwoods (also called coast redwoods) are nature\u2019s skyscrapers. These enormous trees exist primarily in Northern California, and though they have a number of common characteristics, including distinctive cinnamon-red bark, they are different species. [PAR] One giant sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ), known as General Sherman, is the world's largest tree, while a redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ) called Hyperion is the tallest. [PAR] Giant sequoias [PAR] Giant sequoias can grow to be about 30 feet (9 meters) in diameter and more than 250 feet (76 meters) tall. The biggest of these behemoths is General Sherman , a giant sequoia in Sequoia National Park . General Sherman stands 275 feet (84 meters) tall, has a 102-foot (31 meters) circumference, and weighs an incredible 2.7 million pounds (1.2 million kilograms). Giant sequoias can live to 3,000 years, with the oldest on record living more than 3,500 years. [PAR] Mature sequoias lack branches on the lower half of their trunks. Sequoia trunks taper as they rise, forming a rounded top where individual branches sweep downward. Their green leaves are small, scale-like, and arranged in spirals. Both male and females cones are carried on the same tree. [PAR] A woman stands against a giant sequoia in Sequoia National Park in California. [PAR] Credit: Rob van Esch Shutterstock [PAR] Sequoias grow naturally along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountains, between 5,000 and 7,000 feet above sea level and far inland. That elevation provides the trees with dry mountain air necessary for their cones to open and release seeds. The snowpack from the Sierra Nevada provides sequoias with the thousands of gallons of water they drink every day. Sequoias have shallow roots and require well-drained soil. [PAR] Because of its brittle texture, the sequoia is not a valuable lumber species. It was, nevertheless, logged extensively around the turn of the 20th century. Originally, sequoias could be found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Today, they are found only in 77 scattered groves in Northern California. Among the places that preserve giant sequoias are Sequoia National Forest , Sequoia National Park, and Giant Sequoia National Monument. [PAR] Redwoods [PAR] These tallest of trees reach heights of more than 350 feet (107 meters). The tallest tree in the world is named Hyperion, which reaches 379.7 feet (115.7 meters). Redwoods can achieve a diameter of 24 feet (7 meters), and 1.6 million pounds (725,700 kg). These giants can live to be 2,000 years old and have graced the planet for more than 240 million years. Though they once thrived throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere, today redwoods are only found on the coast from central California through southern Oregon. They do not live more than 50 miles inland, and are usually found in long belts, rather than small groves. [PAR] True to their name, coast redwoods need a moderate, coastal climate to survive. They require the area\u2019s frequent fog to protect them from dry spells and drought. Like sequoias, redwoods require abundant water to drink and have shallow root systems. Redwoods, however, get their water from rain rather than snowmelt, and therefore require consistent rainfall throughout the year. They even \u201ccreate\u201d their own rain by trapping fog in their lofty branches. With the right amount of moisture, redwoods can grow two or three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cattleya - AOS Cattleya [PAR] Cattleya [PAR] CAT-lee-ah (click on the name to hear it spoken) [PAR] Tribe: Epidendreae [PAR] Subtribe: Laeliinae [PAR] Cattleya is a tropical genus of epiphytic and lithophytic plants that produce fairly to exceptionally showy flowers, and by many their species and hybrids are considered THE orchid. There are basically two groups of Cattleyas, the so-called unifoliate and bifoliate. The unifoliate group includes Cattleya labiata, the type species of the genus. Other species in this group include C. mossiae, C. mendellii, C. warscewiczii, C. dowiana, and C. percivaliana. The species in this group produce small to large-sized (up to 8') flowers in colors ranging from yellow to lavender (excluding the color forms, that add a lot of variation); the plants grow fusiform pseudobulbs topped with one fleshy, flattened, elliptic leaf. The bifoliate group, including such species as C. bicolor, C. amethystoglossa, C. elongata, and C. harrisoniana, produces smaller flowers (up to 5' or more, depending on the species), but in larger numbers (up to 40+ on a spike, also depending on species), in colors ranging from green to yellow to brown and pink to lavender; the plants grow tall, cylindric, pencil-like, ringed pseudobulbs that can be up to 5'+ tall in a couple of species - but in most get only to 1' to 2'). The genus was named by John Lindley in honor of William Cattley, a foremost British plant grower of the first half of the 19th Century [PAR] Number of species: [PAR] The World Checklist of Monocotyledons currently recognizes 46 species and 35 natural hybrids. Many species exhibit a plethora of color forms. Genera Orchidacearum Vol. 5 will transfer all of the expanded genus Sophronitis (Sophronitis sensu strictu and the Brazilian laelias) to Cattleya. The World Checklist will follow soon thereafter. [PAR] Distribution:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Tony Blair - GOV.UK History of Tony Blair - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Tony Blair Labour 1997 to 2007 [PAR] Born [PAR] 6 May 1953, Edinburgh, Scotland [PAR] Dates in office [PAR] Labour [PAR] Major acts [PAR] Civil Partnership Act 2004: allowed legal recognition of civil partnership relationship between two people of the same sex. [PAR] Interesting facts [PAR] Tony Blair initiated reforms in the House of Commons, modernising the format of Prime Minister's Question Time. [PAR] Tony Blair, the longest serving Labour Prime Minister, oversaw the Northern Irish peace process, public sector reform and the response to the 9/11 and 7/7 terrorist attacks. [PAR] Tony Blair was born in 1953 in Edinburgh, Scotland. After taking a gap year he attended the University of Oxford and studied Law; after graduating he became a barrister. [PAR] He joined the Labour Party in 1975 and, in 1983, successfully fought for the safe seat of Sedgefield. Gordon Brown was also elected in 1983 and they became firm allies. [PAR] Tony Blair assumed several Shadow Cabinet roles before being made Shadow Home Secretary in 1992. In 1994, his and Gordon Brown\u2019s friendship was permanently changed when the Labour leader, John Smith, died suddenly. Tony Blair won the following leadership contest overwhelmingly, having made an agreement with Gordon Brown that, if he didn\u2019t stand, he would become a powerful chancellor should Labour win the next election. [PAR] Tony Blair was seen as a new kind of politician with enormous charisma, arguably the finest opposition leader of modern times \u2013 even succeeding in reforming \u2018Clause IV\u2019 of the Labour constitution. It was of little surprise when Labour won the 1997 general election by a landslide majority of 179. Succeeding John Major to the role, he officially became Prime Minister on 2 May 1997. [PAR] Important constitutional changes happened quickly, with Scottish and Welsh devolution, reform to the House of Lords, the Human Rights Act and a Freedom of Information Act. One of his biggest achievements came in 1998 when the Northern Irish peace process really made progress with the Good Friday Agreement. [PAR] On foreign affairs, he became increasingly convinced of Britain\u2019s need to become more involved, joining the American bombing of Iraq in 1998. A landmark came in 1999 when he risked much to protect the Kosovars, his idea of \u2018liberal interventionism\u2019 explained in his \u2018Chicago\u2019 speech on \u2018The Doctrine of the International Community\u2019. Limited military involvement in Sierra Leone in 2000 reinforced the democratically elected government. [PAR] Thanks to Tony Blair\u2019s leadership, a healthy economy and a poor showing by the Conservative Party, Labour won the 2001 general election with another landslide, with 167 seats. His priority for the second term was to increase the pace of public sector reform, which took shape in the Prime Minister\u2019s Delivery Unit, bills on Foundation Hospitals, Academy Schools and university tuition fees, and the increasing \u2018choice agenda\u2019. He also intended to call a referendum over Britain adopting the Euro, but events prevented this. [PAR] The 9/11 terrorist attacks became defining moments for Tony Blair and his legacy. He allied with the USA and President Bush over the need to confront militant Islamism, first in Afghanistan in 2001 and then, much more controversially, in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq. [PAR] The case for war in the UK had been built around the widespread belief that Saddam harboured weapons of mass destruction (WMD), which were not subsequently found. This, together with criticism over use of the machinery of government and doubts over the legality of the UK\u2019s involvement, led the previously popular Tony Blair"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Cricket | Test Match Special | Legends | Brian ... BBC SPORT | Cricket | Test Match Special | Legends | Brian Johnston [PAR] Test Match Special [PAR] Producer, Test Match Special [PAR] Johnners was an immensely popular character in cricket circles [PAR] On 16 May 1994, more than 2,000 people crammed into Westminster Abbey to give thanks for the life of a cricket commentator. [PAR] The then Prime Minister John Major gave an address, two Guardsmen played on fife and drum and the Abbey organ ended proceedings with the theme from Neighbours. [PAR] Brian Johnston was, of course, much more than just a cricket commentator - he was a national institution. [PAR] He joined the BBC in 1946 after wartime service in the Guards and before that in the family coffee business. [PAR] He was naturally suited to the ad lib life of radio outside broadcasting and in his early days undertook a variety of assignments in the days when anything outside a studio was something of a novelty. [PAR] Johnston's first job was to cover the disposal of a bomb discovered in Hyde Park, which he covered from the apparent safety of a ladies' lavatory. [PAR] His propensity for awful puns produced the line that he emerged \"looking a bit flushed\". [PAR] Such occasions led to his own live spot - Let's Go Somewhere - on In Town Tonight. [PAR] The highlights included him riding bareback in the circus, reporting from beneath an express train and from inside a post box at Christmas. [PAR] His career as a cricket commentator actually began on television. [PAR] He did not cross to Test Match Special until 1970, when television unceremoniously dropped him in a change of policy, recruiting only former players. [PAR] The lack of any word from television rankled Brian for the rest of his life, but his arrival at Test Match Special was a true homecoming. [PAR] Brian would say TMS was \"just a bunch of friends going to a Test Match and talking about it\" [PAR] Peter Baxter on Johnners [PAR] His informal style was a complete contrast to John Arlott, but his natural popular appeal brought a new audience to the programme and gave it a new lease of life. [PAR] He was by this time the BBC's first cricket correspondent, having made a huge impact while on extended leave in Australia to watch England play in 1958/9. [PAR] Thereafter, he was to accompany England tours round the world until his retirement in 1972. [PAR] However, retirement from the BBC staff did not end his involvement with Test Match Special. [PAR] In fact, he was still an integral part of the commentary team at his death in January 1994 at the age of 81. [PAR] Everyone was given a nickname. Scorer Bill Findall became 'the Bearded Wonder'. And to this day, Henry Blofeld and Jonathan Agnew are fondly known as Blowers and Aggers. [PAR] Laughter was never far away with Brian and he will inevitably be remembered for the so-called \"leg-over\" incident. [PAR] The famous \"leg over\" clip from 1991 [PAR] During the summary of a day's play at the Oval, Aggers suggested that Ian Botham, in being out hit wicket had failed to \"get his leg over.\" [PAR] Brian fought the giggles manfully for almost half a minute and then dissolved, wheezing helplessly into a large spotted handkerchief. [PAR] When asked about Test Match Special, Brian would say that it was \"just a bunch of friends going to a Test Match and talking about it.\" [PAR] And with him, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 12 | 1994: Art thieves snatch Scream BBC ON THIS DAY | 12 | 1994: Art thieves snatch Scream [PAR] 1994: Art thieves snatch Scream [PAR] Thieves have stolen one of the world's best-known paintings from a gallery in the Norwegian capital, Oslo. [PAR] Two men took just 50 seconds to climb a ladder, smash through a window of the National Art Museum in Oslo and cut The Scream, by Edvard Munch, from the wall with wire cutters. [PAR] The cutters were left behind along with a short ladder as the men fled with the painting. The entire incident was filmed by security cameras. [PAR] The director of the museum, Knut Berg, said, \"It is impossible to estimate the value of the painting. [PAR] \"But it is Norway's most valuable, Munch's most renowned, and it would be impossible to sell.\" [PAR] Getaway vehicle [PAR] The museum's alarm went off at 0630 local time (0530 GMT) and a security guard immediately alerted police, who arrived within minutes. [PAR] Police officers are searching for a Mercedes car thought to have been used as a getaway vehicle. [PAR] The painting was in the gallery as the highlight of a Norwegian Culture Festival staged in connection with the Winter Olympics which start today in Lillehammer. [PAR] There is widespread speculation that the theft may have some connection with the Games, possibly as a publicity stunt by campaigners. Art experts believe the painting is so well-known that it is unsaleable. [PAR] The museum is facing strong criticism over its security after it was revealed that the masterpiece had been moved from the more secure first floor to the ground floor for the exhibition. It is believed to have been uninsured. [PAR] Iconic [PAR] The stolen painting is regarded as the most important of the four versions Edvard Munch painted of The Scream, and was created in 1893 as part of his Frieze of Life series in which sickness, death, anxiety and love are central themes. [PAR] The haunting depiction of a skull-like face wide-mouthed in agony and despair before a blood-red sunset has become an icon of human anguish across the world. [PAR] Several other Munch paintings have recently been stolen: six years ago, another well-known masterpiece, The Vampire, was stolen from the Munch Museum in Oslo, but was later recovered, as was a lithograph, Madonna, which disappeared in 1990. [PAR] Another painting, Portrait Study, was taken from the National Art Museum last August and is still missing.[DOC] [TLE] 12 February 1994: Edvard Munch\u2019s The Scream is stolen ... 12 February 1994: Edvard Munch\u2019s The Scream is stolen - MoneyWeek [PAR] Home > 12 February 1994: Edvard Munch\u2019s The Scream is stolen [PAR] 12 February 1994: Edvard Munch\u2019s The Scream is stolen [PAR] By: Chris Carter [PAR] 12/02/2016 [PAR] The Scream, painted in 1893 by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, is one of the world\u2019s most iconic works of art (Munch actually created four versions between 1893 and 1910). The haunting image of the skeletal figure clutching its head and wailing before the setting sun is famous for its depiction of despair. And it\u2019s why on the morning of 12 February 1994, it was stolen. [PAR] The Winter Olympics were due to open in Lillehammer later that day. As part of a special cultural exhibition, the painting had been moved to a less secure spot in Norway\u2019s National Art Museum in Oslo. While everybody was focusing on the Games, two thieves smashed a window, cut down the painting, and made off with their valuable prize \u2013 all in 50"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spielberg Wins at Last With 7 Oscars for 'Schindler's List ... Spielberg Wins at Last With 7 Oscars for 'Schindler's List' - NYTimes.com [PAR] Spielberg Wins at Last With 7 Oscars for 'Schindler's List' [PAR] By WILLIAM GRIMES [PAR] Published: March 22, 1994 [PAR] \"Schindler's List,\" Steven Spielberg's wrenching drama about the Holocaust, dominated the 66th annual Academy Awards last night, winning seven Oscars, including those for best picture and best director. The film, which was lavishly praised by the critics and scored a solid hit at the box office, was considered a shoo-in in both categories. [PAR] The awards were a milestone in Mr. Spielberg's career. Although he is the most commercially successful director in Hollywood history, an Oscar, and recognition by the academy as a serious cinematic artist, eluded him until last night. He was previously nominated as a director three times, for \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind,\" \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" and \"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.\" As a producer, he had been nominated twice, for \"E.T.\" and \"The Color Purple.\" [PAR] \"Schindler's List\" won Oscars for Janusz Kaminski's cinematography and Steven Zaillian's screenplay, adapted from the novel by Thomas Keneally. It also won for art direction, original score and editing. 3 for 'Jurassic Park' [PAR] Such was the wave of acclaim surrounding \"Schindler's List\" that it seemed to pass almost unnoticed that last year Mr. Spielberg also directed the biggest moneymaker in movie history, \"Jurassic Park,\" which picked up awards for visual effects, sound and sound-effects editing. [PAR] In his acceptance speech for the directing award, Mr. Spielberg, who was greeted with a standing ovation, brandished his statuette and said, \"I have friends who have won these before, but I swear I have never held one before.\" Visibly moved and fighting back tears, he concluded his thanks by invoking the memory of the 6 million Jews who perished in the Holocaust. [PAR] The only competition to \"Schindler's List\" came from \"The Piano,\" which won three awards. Holly Hunter was named best actress for her performance as a mute mail-order bride in 19th-century New Zealand, and Anna Paquin, 11, was named best supporting best actress for her role as the daughter. The film also won the award for best original screenplay, written by its director, Jane Campion. [PAR] \"In the Name of the Father,\" which received seven nominations, failed to win a single award. [PAR] The award for best actor went to Tom Hanks, for his role in \"Philadelphia\" as a lawyer dying of AIDS who sues the firm that dismissed him. [PAR] In his acceptance speech, Mr. Hanks, his voice quavering with emotion, thanked his colleagues on the film, especially Denzel Washington, and his high school drama teacher, who once advised him, \"Act well the part, there the glory lies.\" [PAR] Mr. Hanks also paid tribute to those who have died of AIDS, saying \"the heavens are too crowded with angels.\" [PAR] Ms. Hunter, in her acceptance speech, looked out to Ms. Campion and said: \"I love you, I love you. Thank you for giving me a character that was so difficult to say goodbye to.\" [PAR] Tommy Lee Jones, who played the hard-nosed deputy marshal in \"The Fugitive,\" received the Oscar for best supporting actor. In his acceptance speech, Mr. Jones, the crown of whose head was shaved for a role, said, \"There is only one thing a man can say at a moment like this: I am not bald.\" A Minimum of Politics [PAR] This year's ceremonies started on a note of uncertainty, as Billy Crystal had stepped down after four years"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Football | FA Cup | Yesterday's men BBC SPORT | Football | FA Cup | Yesterday's men [PAR] Yesterday's men [PAR] By Chris Bevan [PAR] Liverpool last played Luton in the FA Cup in a third round second replay at Kenilworth Road on 28 January 1987. [PAR] Both clubs were enjoying successful spells - Liverpool had won the Double the previous season, while unfashionable Luton were on their way to a seventh-place finish in the top-flight, their best ever. [PAR] Two previous meetings had failed to produce a goal so the Reds travelled down to Luton again on 28 January - and were thumped 3-0 thanks to goals from Brian Stein, Mick Harford and a Mike Newell penalty. [PAR] But what happened to the players that lined up all those years ago? [PAR] Luton Town [PAR] Manager - John Moore Spent just one season as manager but later coached the club's youth team, bringing through the likes of John Hartson and Mark Pembridge. Currently coaching pupils at Bedford Modern School. [PAR] Les Sealey Hugely popular and extrovert keeper who spent seven years at Luton before helping Manchester United win the 1990 FA Cup. After retiring he briefly coached at West Ham before dying of a heart attack in 2001, aged 43. [PAR] Tim Breacker Later played for West Ham and ended his career with QPR before moving into coaching with the Hoops. Now Ian Holloway's assistant manager at Loftus Road. [PAR] Steve Foster Won three England caps but was better known for his trademark white headband. Now works in insurance, selling policies to professional footballers through the PFA. [PAR] Mal Donaghy Finished his career with Chelsea in 1994 and had a spell as assistant manager of Irish League side Cliftonville before becoming coach of the Northern Ireland Under-19 side. [PAR] Rob Johnson Became a physiotherapist after ending his playing career. Worked at Bedford Hospital before joining Sheffield Wednesday, and now works for the English Institute of Sport in Yorkshire. [PAR] Ricky Hill Managed Luton for five months in 2000 - but has been unable to find a job in this country since and recently spoke out about the lack of opportunities for black managers. [PAR] Peter Nicholas Had a nomadic playing career and his time as a coach has followed a similar path with spells at Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Barry Town, Swansea City and Newport AFC. Now in charge of Welsh Premier side Llanelli. [PAR] Ashley Grimes Teamed up with his former Manchester United team-mate Joe Jordan to coach at Stoke and Celtic, and also worked at Huddersfield with Lou Macari until he was sacked in 2002. [PAR] Brian Stein Arrived in the UK at the age of seven when his family fled the apartheid regime in South Africa. Spent 12 years playing for Luton and is now back at the club as assistant manager. [PAR] Mick Harford Much-travelled hardman who moved into coaching with Luton, Nottingham Forest and Swindon before becoming Rotherham manager in April 2005. He was sacked by the Millers last month. [PAR] Mike Newell Moved into management with Hartlepool on the recommendation of Alan Shearer in 2002, and was controversially elected as Luton boss by a phone vote in 2003. Also runs a restaurant. [PAR] Liverpool [PAR] Manager - Kenny Dalglish Won the title three times in his first five years in charge at Liverpool and also won the Premiership with Blackburn in 1995. A stint at Newcastle was less successful and his last job in the game was an ill-fated spell as Celtic's director of football in 1999/2000. [PAR] Bruce"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson marries Lisa Marie Presley | World History ... Michael Jackson marries Lisa Marie Presley | World History Project [PAR] Michael Jackson marries Lisa Marie Presley [PAR] In May 1994, Jackson married singer-songwriter Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley. [PAR] They had first met in 1975 during one of Jackson's family engagements at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and were reconnected through a mutual friend in early 1993. They stayed in contact every day over the telephone. [PAR] As child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Lisa Marie for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs. Lisa Marie explained, \"I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it.\" In a phone call he made to her, she described him as high, incoherent and delusional. Shortly afterwards, she tried to persuade Jackson to settle the allegations out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover \u2014 he subsequently did both. Jackson proposed to Lisa Marie over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, \"If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?\". Presley and Jackson married in the Dominican Republic in secrecy; the parties denied they had been married for nearly two months. The marriage was, in her words, \"a married couple's life ... that was sexually active\". [PAR] At the time, the tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a ploy to prop up Jackson's public image in light of prior sexual abuse allegations. Jackson and Presley divorced less than two years later, remaining friendly.[DOC] [TLE] BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Lisa Marie to marry again BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Lisa Marie to marry again [PAR] Wednesday, 2 February, 2000, 10:20 GMT [PAR] Lisa Marie to marry again [PAR] Divorced: Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley [PAR] Elvis Presley's daughter Lisa Marie Presley is to remarry, four years after her divorce from pop superstar Michael Jackson. [PAR] The 31-year-old aspiring singer is engaged to up-and-coming musician John Oszajca, according to her publicist Paul Bloch. [PAR] Bloch said Presley and Hawaian-born Oszajca met through mutual friends in Los Angeles last year and got engaged on 23 December. [PAR] Will this be third time lucky for Lisa Marie? [PAR] He said Oszajca followed tradition by asking Lisa Marie's mother Priscilla Presley, for her daughter's hand in marriage. [PAR] \"Priscilla said yes\" said Bloch. \"That day, John went to Lisa Marie and asked her to marry him, and she said yes. He then presented her with an engagement ring.\" [PAR] Bloch added that no date had been set for the wedding. [PAR] Although six years Presley's junior, Oszajca's music career is rather more advanced than hers. [PAR] His debut solo album is due for release in April and his recent singles include Back in 1999, which was included on the soundtrack to the film comedy Mystery Men. [PAR] Meanwhile Presley signed a recording contract with Java Records in 1998 and is currently working on her first album. [PAR] Secret marriage [PAR] Presley, who has two children from her first marriage to musician Danny Keough, married Michael Jackson on 26 May, 1994 in a secret ceremony. [PAR] Their union did not become public until later that summer and was initially regarded as a hoax. [PAR] Presley filed for divorce in January 1996, just 20 months after the start of the marriage, citing irreconcilable differences. [PAR] News of Presley's third engagement, which first surfaced"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Entertainment | David Dimbleby injured by bullock - BBC News BBC NEWS | Entertainment | David Dimbleby injured by bullock [PAR] David Dimbleby injured by bullock [PAR] The presenter will return to host the programme next week [PAR] David Dimbleby has missed chairing BBC One's Question Time for the first time in more than 15 years after being injured by a bullock at his farm. [PAR] The 71-year-old was loading the bullock onto a trailer in Folkington, Sussex, when the animal reared and caused him briefly to be knocked out. [PAR] He also received a cut to the head that required stitches at a local hospital. [PAR] Dimbleby, who remains in hospital for observation, was replaced on the show by John Humphrys. [PAR] \"I haven't missed a Question Time in over 15 years,\" Dimbleby said. [PAR] \"Trust my wife's bullock to take me out. I'll be giving bullocks a wide berth in future,\" he added. [PAR] The BBC stressed the presenter's stay in hospital was just a precaution, and is not unusual for a patient suffering concussion. [PAR] He is recovering well and should return home shortly. [PAR] Dimbleby has chaired Question Time since January 1994. He is expected to be back hosting the show next week. [PAR] As the cameras started rolling for the recording of Thursday's show, Humphrys told the audience: \"If you are highly observant, you will have noticed that I am not David Dimbleby. He has had an encounter with a bullock and he came off worst.\" [PAR] John Humphrys explains David Dimbleby's absence [PAR] The panel included Northern Ireland Secretary Shaun Woodward, Shadow Security Minister Dame Pauline Neville-Jones, Lib Dem communities and local government spokesman Julia Goldsworthy, writer Will Self and Olympic champion rower James Cracknell. [PAR] Mr Woodward asked Humphrys to stop interrupting as he was answering a question on Afghanistan, telling him: \"This is a bit like doing the 10 past eight slot with you in the morning,\" a reference to the presenter's regular job on BBC Radio 4's Today programme. [PAR] Bookmark with:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skater Nancy Kerrigan attacked - Jan 06, 1994 - HISTORY.com Skater Nancy Kerrigan attacked - Jan 06, 1994 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Skater Nancy Kerrigan attacked [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Olympic hopeful Nancy Kerrigan is attacked at a Detroit ice rink following a practice session two days before the Olympic trials. A man hit Kerrigan with a club on the back of her knee, causing the figure skater to cry out in pain and bewilderment. When the full story emerged a week later, the nation became caught up in a real-life soap opera. [PAR] One of Kerrigan\u2019s chief rivals for a place on the U.S. Figure Skating Team was Tonya Harding. In mid-December 1993, Harding\u2019s ex-husband, Jeff Gillooly, approached Shawn Eckardt about somehow eliminating Kerrigan from the competition. Eckardt set up a meeting with Derrick Smith and Shane Stant, who agreed to injure Kerrigan for a fee. [PAR] On December 28, Stant went to Massachusetts, where Kerrigan was practicing. However, he couldn\u2019t carry out the attack so he followed her to Detroit, where Smith met him. After hitting Kerrigan, Stant fled the ice rink in Smith\u2019s getaway car. With Kerrigan unable to skate, Harding won the championship and a place at the 1994 Olympics. [PAR] On January 11, Derrick Smith confessed to FBI agents. Three days later, Stant surrendered and also confessed. Harding was questioned on January 18, but denied her involvement. She claimed that she would cut off any connection with Gillooly if he was responsible. The next day, Gillooly was charged with conspiracy to assault Kerrigan. Shortly after, he agreed to a deal in which he implicated Harding. [PAR] Harding then came forward, changing her story and admitting that she had learned of Gillooly\u2019s role in the attack after the championships but did not inform authorities. Meanwhile, U.S. Olympic officials named Kerrigan and Harding to the team that would compete in Lillehammer, Norway. When the United States Olympic Committee began considering removing Harding from the team, she filed a lawsuit that successfully stopped this action. [PAR] At the Olympics, the competition between Harding and Kerrigan set ratings records. Harding\u2019s performance was a drama in itself. She broke down crying after a lace on her skates broke. Even after being allowed a restart, Harding wasn\u2019t able to pull herself together and finished eighth. Kerrigan took home the silver medal, and many thought she deserved the gold. [PAR] Back in the U.S., Harding pleaded guilty to conspiracy to hinder the prosecution of Kerrigan\u2019s attackers. She was fined $100,000 and sentenced to probation and 500 hours of community service. Other than Gillooly\u2019s testimony, there was never any further evidence of Harding\u2019s knowledge of the plans before the attack. But Gillooly got revenge on Tonya by sinking to new tabloid depths, selling graphic photos of the couple having sex on their honeymoon. [PAR] Meanwhile, Harding wasn\u2019t above trying to exploit the crime and her notoriety herself. However, an attempted movie career was dead in the water from the beginning. Kerrigan even succumbed to the temptation years later, appearing on a talk show with Harding to promote herself. [PAR] In 2003, about a year after fighting in a \u201ccelebrity boxing\u201d event, Harding made her professional boxing debut. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] UK Christmas/Xmas Number One Chart Singles UK Christmas/Xmas Number One Chart Singles [PAR] Mary's Boy Child - Bony M [PAR] 1979 [PAR] Another Brick In The Wall - Pink Floyd [PAR] And incidently, the first chart topper of the 80s too. Meant a lot to us lads in the infants this did. I remember listening to this and reading my Beano then pulling apart the establishment. [PAR] 1980 [PAR] Just Like Starting Over - John Lennon [PAR] 1981 [PAR] Don't You Want Me - Human League [PAR] 1982 [PAR] Save Your Love For Me [PAR] Rene And Renata [PAR] It's honestly a toss up between this and Blobby for being the worst of the 24. Even Robson and Jerome ranks higher. [PAR] 1983 [PAR] Only You - The Flying Pickets [PAR] 1984 [PAR] Do They Know It's Christmas - Band Aid [PAR] 1985 [PAR] 1986 [PAR] Caravan of Love - The Housemartins [PAR] Hull boys come good with their only number one. It incidently only just beat Jackie Wilson's Reet Petit off with a small stick. [PAR] 1987 [PAR] Always on my mind - The Pet Shop Boys [PAR] 1988 [PAR] Mistletoe and Wine - Cliff Richard [PAR] See, only one on this entire list - people think him and Shaking Stevens have been on and off the top of the chart every Christmas since the year dot, but no, oh no. I think Sir Cliff was runner up in 1992 with \"Saviours Day\" not sure though. [PAR] 1989 [PAR] Do They Know It's Christmas [PAR] Band Aid II [PAR] Personally I think it was a little cheeky banging it out again only 5 years on. 10 years would have been much better. [PAR] 1990 [PAR] Ice Ice Baby - Vanilla Ice [PAR] You might remember this one was being shite or annoying or just simply making you crave \"Under Pressure\" but what it did do was prevent Jive Bunny (who was number one the week before Christmas) stealing Santa's sack. [PAR] 1991 [PAR] Bohemian Rhapsody/These Are The Days of Our Lives - Queen [PAR] Thanks to the timely death of Freddie Queen are blessed as the only band to have the coverted Christmas number one on two seperate occasions with the same song. [PAR] 1992 [PAR] 1996 [PAR] 2 Become 1 - The Spice Girls [PAR] I was right, smug bastard that I am. Three consecutive number one's, god these girls are huge so to speak... [PAR] 1997 [PAR] Too Much - The Spice Girls [PAR] Right again...the backlack just doesn't exist other than in the form of a media backlash. The 'Girls have still to put out a single that hasn't gone straight in at number one...that's 6 now - 6 in a row. [PAR] 1998 [PAR] Goodbye - The Spice Girls [PAR] So the Spices (slightly less spicey than last year) have become the first band in my little snapshot of Xmas Number Ones to have 3 of the little beauties, and 3 in a row to boot. To be honest though, I don't mind these slower ones. [PAR] 1999 [PAR] Seasons In The Sun/I have a Dream - Westlife [PAR] Their first 4 songs have all gone in straight in at number one, infact they have had all of those 4 number ones in 1999. This is less dull than some of their others as it's a double A-side of covers... but Image by John Lenon would have been better. [PAR] 2000 [PAR] Bob The Builder - Can We Fix It? [PAR] Entered the charts at number 2, climbed to number 1 the following"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lottery Insider -- An Post National Lottery Company Lottery Insider -- An Post National Lottery Company [PAR] An Post National Lottery Company [PAR] Abbey Street Lower, Dublin 1 [PAR] Internet: [PAR] World Bank, World Development Indicators . [PAR] Lottery Director: [PAR] GTech Corp. [PAR] Instant Ticket Vendor: [PAR] pollard Banknote: Two-year primary contract for the production and delivery of instant lottery tickets. Commences 2009 - ption to renew for up to an additional two years. [PAR] Games Offered: [PAR] Play Lotto, Euro Millions, National Lottery sweepstakes, all or Nothing, Instant scratch Games, Telly bingo, Millionair Raffle. [PAR] Beneficiaries: [PAR] \u0080203.2 million (33% of total sales) was raised for beneficiary projects in 2005. This brings the total funds raised by the National Lottery since 1987 for distribution by the Government to good causes throughout Ireland to over \u00802.4 billion. [PAR] Jurisdiction: [PAR] Rep.of Ireland [PAR] Background Information [PAR] An Post National Lottery Company is licensed to operate the National Lottery by the Minister of Finance on the Minister\u0092s behalf in accordance with the National Lottery Act 1986. [PAR] The National Lottery Company commenced operations in March 1987 with the purpose of generating funds for the designated beneficiaries, while operating the National lottery in accordance with the highest standards of integrity, credibility and security. [PAR] TIMELINE for Sale of National Lottery Licence [PAR] April 2012: Minister Howlin announces Government Decision to hold a competition for next National Lottery licence involving an upfront payment to the State. [PAR] July 2012: Heads of new National Lottery Bill are approved by Government. [PAR] October 2012: Davy Corporate Finance are appointed as financial and commercial advisers to the Department, following a tendering process. [PAR] December 2012: National Lottery Bill is published [PAR] January to May 2013: National Lottery Bill passes through the Oireachtas and is signed into law by the President in May 2013. [PAR] 8 May 2013: Minister announces that Expressions of Interest in the competitive process are being sought. [PAR] 30 May 2013: Minister announces the launch of the full Competitive Process. [PAR] 3 October 2013: Minister announces that Premier Lotteries Ireland Limited has been selected as the Preferred Applicant 14 February: Lottery staff vote to accept Labour Court Recommendation [PAR] 27 February 2014: Minister grants Lottery licence to Premier Lotteries Ireland [PAR] Minister Howlin Grants National Lottery Licence to Premier Lotteries Ireland [PAR] DUBLIN, Ireland (February 27, 2014) -- The Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform, Mr Brendan Howlin TD, announced today that he has granted the next licence to operate the National Lottery to Premier Lotteries Ireland, a consortium comprising Ontario Teachers\u0092 Pension Plan (the owner of the Camelot Group), An Post and An Post pension funds. [PAR] Speaking today, Minister Howlin reflected, \u0093Almost two years ago, I brought a proposal to Government that I strongly believed could yield significant revenues. Today, I am pleased to say that I have delivered on that proposal \u0096 half of the \u0080405 million achieved for the transaction will now be paid. As I announced during Budget 2014, these monies are earmarked for a number of job-rich projects including the Wild Atlantic Way, the 1916 Commemoration and the National Sports Campus. In nine months, the second installment of \u0080202.5million will be delivered, bringing the construction of the New Children\u0092s Hospital closer.\u0094 [PAR] The award of the licence follows a competition which took place between May and October 2013. On 3 October 2013, Minister Howlin announced that Premier Lotteries Ireland had been selected as the Preferred Applicant as it had met the essential requirements provided for under the terms of the competition and had submitted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1994: Mandela becomes SA's first black president - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 10 | 1994: Mandela becomes SA's first black president [PAR] 1994: Mandela becomes SA's first black president [PAR] Nelson Mandela has become South Africa's first black president after more than three centuries of white rule. [PAR] Mr Mandela's African National Congress (ANC) party won 252 of the 400 seats in the first democratic elections of South Africa's history. [PAR] The inauguration ceremony took place in the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria today, attended by politicians and dignitaries from more than 140 countries around the world. [PAR] Never, never again will this beautiful land experience the oppression of one by another [PAR] Nelson Mandela [PAR] As part of the ceremony he pledged his allegiance to South Africa and his determination to continue his work for reconciliation. [PAR] \"I do hereby swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and do solemnly and sincerely promise to promote that which will advance and to oppose all that may harm the republic... and to devote myself to the well-being of the republic and all its people.\" [PAR] Jubilant scenes on the streets of Pretoria followed the ceremony with blacks, whites and coloureds celebrating together. [PAR] When the new president, flanked by First Deputy President Thabo Mbeki and Second Deputy President FW de Klerk, appeared on the Botha Lawn beneath the Union Buildings the crowd went wild. [PAR] More than 100,000 South African men, women and children of all races sang and danced with joy. [PAR] Addressing the crowd President Mandela paid tribute to outgoing president Mr FW de Klerk: \"He has made for himself a niche in history. [PAR] \"He has turned out to be one of the greatest reformers, one of the greatest sons of South Africa.\" [PAR] He also spoke of the \"human disaster\" of apartheid. [PAR] \"We saw our country tear itself apart in terrible conflict... The time for healing of wounds has come... Never, never again will this beautiful land experience the oppression of one by another.\" [PAR] And urging forgiveness he said in Africaans: \"Wat is verby verby\" - \"What is past is past\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1994 FIFA World Cup (USA '94) - U.S. Soccer 1994 FIFA World Cup (USA '94) - U.S. Soccer [PAR] U.S. Soccer [PAR] Licensees [PAR] World Cup USA 1994 was the most successful event in FIFA history, demonstrating that the United States is without peer in staging major international events, and that Americans can embrace the world\u2019s most popular sport. [PAR] The cumulative attendance of 3,587,538 broke the previous record by more than 1 million, and the average attendance for the 52-game tournament of 68,991 also established a new mark. U.S. stadia were filled to approximately 96 percent capacity during the World Cup. [PAR] The success of the U.S. team, which advanced to the round of 16 for the first time since 1930, helped boost already high U.S. television ratings. Approximately 11 million Americans were tuned in to the USA vs. Brazil round of 16 match on July 4, an all-time high for soccer in the United States. [PAR] In the final, after a scoreless regulation and overtime, Brazil defeated Italy on penalty kicks 3-2 to become the first country to win four World Cup titles. [PAR] World Cup matches were played at nine venues \u2014 the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, Calif. (including the final); Foxboro (Mass.) Stadium; Soldier Field in Chicago; the Cotton Bowl in Dallas; the Pontiac (Mich.) Silverdome; Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, N.J.; the Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Fla.; Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, Calif.; and RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. [PAR] World Cup USA 1994 also left behind a legacy for soccer in the U.S. A surplus of approximately $50 million \u2014 more than double original projections \u2014 was contributed to the U.S. Soccer Foundation, the U.S. Soccer organization created to administer the World Cup surplus. Improved training facilities and renovated stadiums in World Cup communities, upgraded to meet FIFA standards, will serve as a reminder of the success of World Cup USA 1994 for years to come. [PAR] Follow Us"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] May 06, 1994 : English Channel tunnel opens - History May 06, 1994 : English Channel tunnel opens [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In a ceremony presided over by England\u2019s Queen Elizabeth II and French President Francois Mitterand, a rail tunnel under the English Channel was officially opened, connecting Britain and the European mainland for the first time since the Ice Age. [PAR] The channel tunnel, or \u201cChunnel,\u201d connects Folkstone, England, with Sangatte, France, 31 miles away. The Chunnel cut travel time between England and France to a swift 35 minutes and eventually between London and Paristo two-and-a-half hours. [PAR] As the world\u2019s longest undersea tunnel, the Chunnel runs under water for 23 miles, with an average depth of 150 feet below the seabed. Each day, about 30,000 people, 6,000 cars and 3,500 trucks journey through the Chunnel on passenger, shuttle and freight trains. [PAR] Millions of tons of earth were moved to build the two rail tunnels\u2013one for northbound and one for southbound traffic\u2013and one service tunnel. Fifteen thousandpeople were employed at the peak of construction. Ten people were killed during construction. [PAR] Napoleon\u2019s engineer, Albert Mathieu, planned the first tunnel under the English Channel in 1802, envisioning an underground passage with ventilation chimneys that would stretch above the waves. In 1880, the first real attempt was made by Colonel Beaumont, who bore a tunnel more than a mile long before abandoning the project. Other efforts followed in the 20th century, but none on the scale of the tunnels begun in June 1988. [PAR] The Chunnel\u2019s $16 billion cost was roughly twice the original estimate, and completion was a year behind schedule. One year into service, Eurotunnel announced a huge loss, one of the biggest in United Kingdom corporate history at the time. A scheme in which banks agreed to swap billions of pounds worth of loans for shares saved the tunnel from going under and it showed its first net profit in 1999. [PAR] Freight traffic was suspended for six months after a fire broke out on a lorry in the tunnel in November 1996. Nobody was seriously hurt in the incident. [PAR] In 1996, the American Society of Civil Engineers identified the tunnel as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. [PAR] Article Details: [PAR] May 06, 1994 : English Channel tunnel opens [PAR] Author [PAR] May 06, 1994 : English Channel tunnel opens [PAR] URL"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Foreman becomes oldest heavyweight champ - history.com George Foreman becomes oldest heavyweight champ - Nov 05, 1994 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day in History: 11/05/1994 - Foreman is Oldest Champ [PAR] On this day in 1994, George Foreman, age 45, becomes boxing's oldest heavyweight champion when he defeats 26-year-old Michael Moorer in the 10th round of their WBA fight in Las Vegas. More than 12,000 spectators at the MGM Grand Hotel watched Foreman dethrone Moorer, who went into the fight with a 35-0 record. Foreman dedicated his upset win to \"all my buddies in the nursing home and all the guys in jail.\" Born in 1949 in Marshal, Texas, Foreman had a troubled childhood and dropped out of high school. Eventually, he joined President Lyndon Johnson's Jobs Corps work program and discovered a talent for boxing. \"Big George,\" as he was nicknamed, took home a gold medal for the U.S. at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. In 1973 in Kingston, Jamaica, after winning his first 37 professional matches, 34 by knockout, Foreman KO'd \"Smokin'\" Joe Frazier after two rounds and was crowned heavyweight champ. At 1974's \"Rumble in the Jungle\" in Kinshasha, Zaire, the younger, stronger Foreman suffered a surprising loss to underdog Muhammad Ali and was forced to relinquish his championship title. Three years later, Big George morphed from pugilist into preacher, when he had a religious experience in his dressing room after losing a fight. He retired from boxing, became an ordained minister in Houston and founded a youth center. A decade later, the millions he'd made as a boxer gone, Foreman returned to the ring at age 38 and staged a successful comeback. When he won his second heavyweight title in his 1994 fight against Moorer, becoming the WBA and IBF champ, Foreman was wearing the same red trunks he'd had on the night he lost to Ali. Foreman didn't hang onto the heavyweight mantle for long. In March 1995, he was stripped of his WBA title after refusing to fight No. 1 contender Tony Tucker, and he gave up his IBF title in June 1995 rather than fight a rematch with Axel Schulz, whom he'd narrowly beat in a controversial judges' decision in April of that same year. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] George Foreman becomes oldest heavyweight champ [PAR] Share this: [PAR] George Foreman becomes oldest heavyweight champ [PAR] Author [PAR] George Foreman becomes oldest heavyweight champ [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1994, George Foreman, age 45, becomes boxing\u2019s oldest heavyweight champion when he defeats 26-year-old Michael Moorer in the 10th round of their WBA fight in Las Vegas. More than 12,000 spectators at the MGM Grand Hotel watched Foreman dethrone Moorer, who went into the fight with a 35-0 record. Foreman dedicated his upset win to \u201call my buddies in the nursing home and all the guys in jail.\u201d [PAR] Born in 1949 in Marshal, Texas, Foreman had a troubled childhood and dropped out of high school. Eventually, he joined President Lyndon Johnson\u2019s Jobs Corps work program and discovered a talent for boxing. \u201cBig George,\u201d as he was nicknamed, took home a gold medal for the U.S. at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. In 1973 in Kingston, Jamaica, after winning his first 37 professional matches, 34 by knockout, Foreman KO\u2019d \u201cSmokin'\u201d Joe Frazier after two rounds and was crowned heavyweight champ. At 1974\u2019s \u201cRumble in the Jungle\u201d in Kinshasha, Zaire, the younger, stronger Foreman suffered a surprising loss to underdog Muhammad Ali and was forced to relinquish his championship title. Three years later,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The GRAMMYs' Biggest Winners: The '50s And '60s | GRAMMY.com The GRAMMYs' Biggest Winners: The '50s And '60s | GRAMMY.com [PAR] News [PAR] The GRAMMYs' Biggest Winners: The '50s And '60s [PAR] Ella Fitzgerald, Henry Mancini, Roger Miller, and Frank Sinatra are among the artists who won the most GRAMMY Awards in the '50s and '60s [PAR] Photo: Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images [PAR] Frank Sinatra [PAR] Photo: Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images [PAR] Ella Fitzgerald [PAR] Photo: Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images [PAR] Duke Ellington [PAR] Photo: Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images [PAR] Henry Mancini [PAR] December 13, 2013 -- 2:00 pm PST [PAR] By Paul Grein / GRAMMY.com [PAR] Full 56th GRAMMY Awards Nominations List [PAR] Who are the biggest GRAMMY winners for each decade from the 1950s to the 2010s? In our ongoing Music's Biggest Winners series, we'll take a look at the four artists (more in the case of ties) who received the most awards in each decade. You'll learn a little bit about the artists, their GRAMMY wins during the decade and other notable Recording Academy honors. Let's fire up the GRAMMY time machine and go back to the '50s and the '60s. [PAR] '50s [PAR] (Editor's note: The GRAMMY Awards originated in 1958, so this decade encompasses just two years of awards.) [PAR] Ella Fitzgerald, 4 [PAR] The jazz legend won two GRAMMYs in 1958 and two more in 1959. In 1958 Ella Fitzgerald Sings The Irving Berlin Song Book was voted Best Vocal Performance, Female, while Ella Fitzgerald Sings The Duke Ellington Song Book won for Best Jazz Performance, Individual. Fitzgerald won the same two awards the following year for, respectively, her version of George and Ira Gershwin's \"But Not For Me\" and her album Ella Swings Lightly. Fitzgerald received a Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1967. She died in 1996. [PAR] Duke Ellington, 3 [PAR] Ellington's score for the Otto Preminger film Anatomy Of A Murder brought the jazz legend three GRAMMYs in 1959: Best Performance By A Dance Band, Best Sound Track Album \u2014 Background Score From A Motion Picture Or Television and Best Musical Composition First Recorded And Released In 1959 (More Than 5 Minutes Duration). Ellington received a Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1966. He died in 1974. [PAR] Andr\u00e9 Previn, 3 [PAR] Previn won a GRAMMY in 1958 for Gigi, which was voted Best Sound Track Album, Dramatic Picture Score Or Original Cast. He won two more in 1959. Porgy And Bess won for Best Sound Track Album, Original Cast \u2014 Motion Picture Or Television. \"Like Young,\" a collaboration with David Rose, took Best Performance By An Orchestra. (The billing on the single was rather florid: \"The Piano Magic Of Andr\u00e9 Previn Combined With The Lush Strings of David Rose.\") The German-born musician received a Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2010. [PAR] Frank Sinatra, 3 [PAR] The legendary singer actually won his first GRAMMY in 1958 as an art director. His cover design for Frank Sinatra Sings For Only The Lonely was voted Best Album Cover. Come Dance With Me! won two awards in 1959: Album Of The Year and Best Vocal Performance, Male. Sinatra received a Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1965, a Trustees Award in 1979 and a GRAMMY Legend Award in 1994. He died in 1998. [PAR] '60s [PAR] Henry Mancini, 16 [PAR] Mancini's mark of 16 GRAMMYs in a decade stood unequalled for four decades, until two female artists tied it in the 2000s. (Mancini continues to hold the record for most GRAMMYs won in a decade by a male artist.) Mancini"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ski slope colour codes - Irish Skier - Skiing Ski slope colour codes [PAR] Written by snowman [PAR] What do the slope colors and symbols mean? This can be confusing for beginners, or even for experienced skiers who are heading to a different ski region. Europe is much different from the US in these codes. Let\u2019s start with the US markings: [PAR] North American slope markings [PAR] Green (circle): Beginner slope. This is for people who have never skied before, or are just starting out. Probably not exciting for intermediate or expert skiers, because these may not even be steep enough to make many turns. [PAR] Blue (square): Intermediate slope. More varied terrain, and a bit steeper. Could also be good for experts who want to do some nice, carving turns without picking up tons of speed. [PAR] Black (diamond): Expert slope. This could be a mogul run, or a steep piste. It\u2019s recommended that beginners avoid these entirely, and intermediates only try them once their skills are improving and their confidence is rising. [PAR] Double black diamond: Experts only. If you have any fear at all on a standard Black Diamond, stay away from the double blacks. They may be very steep, have huge moguls, or have a narrow couloir (a steep and narrow corridor where you have to go straight down, and turning might crash you into rocks or trees). [PAR] Orange (rectangle): Terrain park. May also have a trail rating showing how difficult it is. Only go in here if you want to do some jumps and tricks. Probably not for beginners ;-). [PAR] European slope markings [PAR] Green: Learner slope, hardly any grade at all, may be very wide. Not used in all countries. [PAR] Blue: Beginner slope. This is usually equivalent to the US \u201cGreen Circle\u201d so don\u2019t be confused at an Austrian resort with no \u201cgreen\u201d slopes. Here, blue is beginner! [PAR] Red: Intermediate slope. Yep, there\u2019s an extra color in Europe, and red slopes are open for intermediate skiers and boarders to improve their skills. [PAR] Black: Expert slope. These may range from a normal expert slope like in North America to a super-tough one. But in most places (like the ultra-steep Harikiri at Mayrhofen), there will be an extra sign explaining if the slope is exceptionally hard. [PAR] Orange: This means extremely difficult, and may be found only in certain countries like Austria and Switzerland. [PAR] Yellow: Generally a \u201cskiroute,\u201d which may be an uncontrolled or ungroomed off-piste area. Often these trails are marked but wind a long way down the mountain with flat spots which may be a pain for snowboarders. May be marked with orange squares in Austria."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Betjeman - definition of John Betjeman by The Free ... John Betjeman - definition of John Betjeman by The Free Dictionary [PAR] John Betjeman - definition of John Betjeman by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/John+Betjeman [PAR] Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Bet\u00b7je\u00b7man [PAR] (b\u0115ch\u2032\u0259-m\u0259n), Sir John 1906-1984. [PAR] British poet and poet laureate (1972-1984) whose often nostalgic works, in collections such as A Few Late Chrysanthemums (1954), praise the English countryside. He also wrote widely on Victorian architecture. [PAR] Betjeman [PAR] (\u02c8b\u025bt\u0283\u0259m\u0259n) [PAR] n [PAR] (Biography) Sir John. 1906\u201384, English poet, noted for his nostalgic and humorous verse and essays and for his concern for the preservation of historic buildings, esp of the Victorian era. Poet laureate (1972\u201384) [PAR] Bet\u2022je\u2022man [PAR] n. [PAR] Sir John, 1906\u201384, English poet: poet laureate 1972\u201384. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Betjeman; writing the public life [PAR] The list contains plenty of other cities that sports fans could take in with Biarritz fifth, Porto sixth and Valencia seventh, but there's oddly no sign of Huddersfield, venue for today's Challenge Cup rugby league semi-final between Hull and Warrington, even though its magnificent railway station was once described by Sir John Betjeman as having 'the finest facade of any such building in the country'.[DOC] [TLE] Andrew Motion - definition of Andrew Motion by The Free ... Andrew Motion - definition of Andrew Motion by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Andrew Motion - definition of Andrew Motion by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Andrew+Motion [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. The act or process of changing position or place. [PAR] 2. A meaningful or expressive change in the position of the body or a part of the body; a gesture. [PAR] 3. Active operation: set the plan in motion. [PAR] 4. The ability or power to move: lost motion in his arm. [PAR] 5. The manner in which the body moves, as in walking. [PAR] 6. A prompting from within; an impulse or inclination: resigned of her own motion. [PAR] 7. Music Melodic ascent and descent of pitch. [PAR] 8. Law An application made to a court for an order or a ruling. [PAR] 9. A formal proposal put to the vote under parliamentary procedures. [PAR] 10. [PAR] a. A mechanical device or piece of machinery that moves or causes motion; a mechanism. [PAR] b. The movement or action of such a device. [PAR] v. mo\u00b7tioned, mo\u00b7tion\u00b7ing, mo\u00b7tions [PAR] v.tr. [PAR] 1. To direct by making a gesture: motioned us to our seats. [PAR] 2. To indicate by making a gesture; signal: motioned that he was ready. [PAR] 3. To make a motion (that something should happen). [PAR] v.intr. [PAR] To signal by making a gesture: motioned to her to enter. [PAR] Idiom: [PAR] go through the motions [PAR] To do something in a mechanical manner indicative of a lack of interest or involvement. [PAR] [Middle English mocioun, from Old French motion, from Latin m\u014dti\u014d, m\u014dti\u014dn-, from m\u014dtus, past participle of mov\u0113re, to move; see meu\u0259- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] motion [PAR] (\u02c8m\u0259\u028a\u0283\u0259n) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (General Physics) the process of continual change in the physical position of an object; movement: linear motion. [PAR] 2. (Physiology) a movement or action, esp of part of the human body; gesture [PAR] 3. (Physiology) [PAR] a. the capacity for movement [PAR] b. a manner of movement, esp walking; gait [PAR] 4. (Psychology) a mental"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many Presidents have resigned from office ... How many Presidents have resigned from office? | Reference.com [PAR] How many Presidents have resigned from office? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] As of 2014, there has been only one president to resign from office. That president was Richard Nixon on Aug. 9, 1974. Minutes after his resignation, Vice President Gerald R. Ford was sworn into office as the 37th president of the United States. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Nixon's resignation can be largely attributed to the clandestine and illegal activities his administration undertook during his presidency. The activities were brought to light when members of his administration were caught breaking into the Democratic headquarters at the Watergate Hotel. This scandal, named the Watergate scandal, resulted in the loss of almost all of his political support and the near-certainty of his impeachment. As a result, Nixon took to radio and television and announced his resignation.[DOC] [TLE] How many U.S. vice presidents have resigned from office ... How many U.S. vice presidents have resigned from office? [PAR] How many U.S. vice presidents have resigned from office? [PAR] 2010.03.24 [PAR] | Filed Under: History [PAR] Two U.S. vice presidents have resigned from office. [PAR] John Calhoun resigned in a policy dispute with the president, and Spiro Agnew resigned after it was discovered he\u2019d been taking bribes. [PAR] Spiro Theodore Agnew was the 39th Vice President of the United States, serving under President Richard Nixon. [PAR] Agnew was under investigation by the United States Attorney\u2019s office on charges of extortion, tax fraud, bribery and conspiracy in 1973, and he was formally charged with having accepted bribes totaling more than $100,000. [PAR] Agnew is the only U.S. Vice President in history to resign because of criminal charges. [PAR] Read More [PAR] Also, any literature on baseball written in the 1800's does not credit Abner Doubleday with the invention either. But if my... [PAR] 2016-12-28T23:28:08+00:00 [PAR] I'm not saying that whoever wrote this did not research this at all but I am saying this explanation of the origins of baseball... [PAR] 2016-12-28T23:19:30+00:00 [PAR] IT TOOK ME OVER WINTER BREAK 12 DAYS 3 HOURS 5 MINUTES AND 36 SECONDS. [PAR] 2016-12-28T02:49:36+00:00 [PAR] The math here is false. The fundation of how this was worked out is how long it takes to count to 100 in seconds; which is fine... [PAR] 2016-11-08T22:41:08+00:00"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Austria and the euro - European Commission Austria and the euro - European Commission [PAR] European Commission [PAR] Communicating on the euro [PAR] Austria and the euro [PAR] Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and was the first wave of countries to adopt the euro on 1 January 1999. [PAR] Austria at a glance [PAR] Surface area: 83 858 km2 [PAR] Population: 8 356 707 (Eurostat 2009) [PAR] Joined the European Union: 1 January 1995 [PAR] Currency: Euro since 1 January 1999 (formerly Austrian schilling, ATS) [PAR] Euro information [PAR] Status: Euro-area member since 1 January 1999 [PAR] Fixed conversion rate: \u20ac1 = 13.7603 AST [PAR] Adoption of the euro: The euro banknotes and coins were introduced in Austria on 1 January 2002, after a transitional period of three years when the euro was the official currency but only existed as 'book money'. The dual circulation period \u2013 when both the schilling and the euro had legal tender status \u2013 ended on 28 February 2002. [PAR] Exchange of former national currency: The \u00d6sterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian National Bank) continues to exchange schilling banknotes and coins for an unlimited period. [PAR] Euro hotline Austria: +43 1 514 33 2226 [PAR] Documents and publications [PAR] (Unser Geld. Kaufkraft und Preisstabilit\u00e4t in \u00d6sterreich) [PAR] Opinion polls and surveys"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Crete island, Greece - Greeka.com History of Crete island, Greece - Greeka.com [PAR] Crete [PAR] Crete History [PAR] Information about the History of Crete island, in Greece but also information about the history of many areas of the island: the mythology and legends, Crete in Ancient times, Venetian and Ottoman Occupation and Crete in the 20th century [PAR] Mythology and legends [PAR] The Crete history is long and marked by many historical periods. According to Greek mythology, the first queen of Crete was Europa . Later on, Crete island became the land of King Minos. The legend is that the king refused to sacrifice a bull to the gods and Poseidon punished him by making his wife fall in love with a bull. From this union the Minotaur was born and was hid in a labyrinth. [PAR] Another legend says that to avenge the death of his son by the Athenians, King Minos made them send seven young girls and boys to Crete every year, to offer them as a sacrifice to the Minotaur. During an expedition the famous mythical hero Theseus , the son of the King of Athens, left Athens with the young Athenians and, with the help of Ariadne, the daughter of the King Minos, managed to kill the Minotaur and find his way out of the labyrinth. [PAR] Crete in ancient times [PAR] Ancient Crete is the place where the Minoan civilization, one of the most important civilizations of the world (2600-1150 BC), started. Huge palace-states were built, such as the famous and superb palaces of Knossos Palace , Phaestos Palace and Zakros Palace , and the Minoans established a strong naval empire in the Mediterranean. This great civilization was stopped by a natural disaster: the huge waves caused by the eruption of the volcano of Santorini in 1450 BC covered the northern coasts of Crete with lava ashes. Followed by the invasion of the Achaeans and the Dorians, tribes from Northern Europe, the Minoan civilization never revived. [PAR] The architecture of ancient sites and temples proves the wealth of the island since antiquity. The Roman occupation came in 69 AC and lasted until 330 AC, followed by the Byzantine era during which the wealth of Crete is still visible during which the wealth of Crete is still visible in the beautiful mosaic floor of the basilicas that were built during these times. [PAR] Venetian and Ottoman Occupation [PAR] Crete later fell under the domination of the Arabs, in 824, and stayed under it for 137 years. During those years the city of Heraklion was founded, first called Handak. During the early byzantine years, several churches and structures were constructed. In 1204, the Venetians founded new fortified cities and conquered the island of Crete. They fortified the old castles built by the Arabs and built new castles. [PAR] The old towns of Rethymno and Chania remain intact since the Renaissance, with their beautifully decorated squares, the superb fountains and its fine churches and palaces. During those years, the arts flourished such as painting and literature. The famous painter El Greco (Domenicos Theotocopoulos) started his carrier in this period and other artists and scholars from Constantinople came to Crete. In 1669, the island fell under Ottoman rule which lasted until 1897, when the great statesman of Greece, Eleftherios Venizelos , negotiated the independence of Crete. Crete was declared an autonomous state and, in 1913, it was united with the independent Greek State. [PAR] This period gave birth to one of the most talented writers of Greece, Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957). Many organizations were also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Cantons - admin.ch The Cantons [PAR] The Cantons [PAR] Protecting cultural and natural heritage of universal value [PAR] From the medieval Old Town of Berne to the futuristic city of Brasilia, from the tiny convent of M\u00fcstair to the imposing cathedral of Chartres, from the fertile terraced vineyards of Lavaux to the vast desert of T\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 \u2013 all have one thing in common: they are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. [PAR] Mountain records [PAR] Switzerland is synonymous with mountains. Not only do they cover one third of the country\u2019s surface area, but they are also of major historical, geopolitical and economic importance. The mountains, for example, have been the selling point of the Swiss tourist industry for more than 100 years. [PAR] Print page [PAR] The Cantons [PAR] Switzerland is made up of 26 cantons which enjoy a high degree of autonomy vis-\u00e0-vis the federal government. [PAR] The dome of the Federal Palace \u00a9 The Swiss Parliament [PAR] Switzerland is divided into 26 cantons. Each is an independent and sovereign entity, with their own capital town or city. The cantons vary greatly as to size, culture, religion and socioeconomic structure. [PAR] With 1.4 million inhabitants, the canton of Zurich is the most heavily populated, while Appenzell-Innerrhoden, with a mere 15,400 inhabitants, is the most sparsely populated canton in Switzerland. [PAR] Origins [PAR] The cantons are the collection of stand-alone states which joined forces in 1848 to form a Confederation, although this required them to surrender some of their sovereignty. The number of cantons remained the same until 1979 when Jura split from the canton of Bern and became Switzerland's 26th canton. [PAR] Six cantons, historically referred to as \u201chalf-cantons\u201d, send only one deputy to the Council of States (upper house of the Federal Assembly). They are Obwalden, Nidwalden, Appenzell-Innerrhoden, Appenzell-Ausserrhoden, Basel-Stadt and Basel-Land. [PAR] Role of the cantons [PAR] Each canton has its own constitution, parliament, government and courts. According to the principle of subsidiarity enshrined in the Federal Constitution, all powers that are not expressly granted to the Confederation fall within the competence of the cantons. The cantons enjoy a high degree of autonomy in areas like education, health and policing. [PAR] The cantonal parliaments vary in size, with the number of popularly elected deputies ranging from 58 to 180. The five- or seven-member cantonal governments are also directly elected by the people. [PAR] The cantons of Appenzell-Innerrhoden and Glarus still practice a type of direct democracy that is the only form of its kind in the world \u2013 the \u201cLandsgemeinde\u201d, or people\u2019s assembly. Once a year, the citizens of these cantons converge on their capital's main square to elect, with a show of hands, the members of the executive, and to cast their vote on draft cantonal legislation. The results are more an estimate than an exact calculation. In all other cantons, the electorate cast their vote at the ballot box.[DOC] [TLE] Capodistrias and the independence of Switzerland ... Capodistrias and the independence of Switzerland, - napoleon.org [PAR] Home History of the Two Empires Articles Capodistrias and the independence of Switzerland, [PAR] Capodistrias and the independence of Switzerland, [PAR] Author(s) : ZAKHARIS Thomas [PAR] facebook [PAR] In the years immediately preceding the French Revolution, Switzerland though proud of its ancient democratic traditions was nevertheless made up of a rather mixed bag of cantons, each with a specific polity, some oligarchic, others democratic and still others where inhabitants had no political rights whatsoever. Traditionally, Swiss relations with France were close, and had been so since the 16th century; indeed for three hundred years Swiss mercenaries had served"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volleyball Rules | UTEP Recreational Sports Department Volleyball Rules | Division of Student Affairs | The University of Texas at El Paso [PAR] Volleyball Rules [PAR] [PAR] The UTEP Recreational Sports Department Volleyball Rules are based on the United States Volleyball Association. Some of the more important rules as well as rules unique to the UTEP Rec Sports Department are included herein. All players are responsible for reading this document before participating in our volleyball program. [PAR] Eligibility for Intramural Sports: [PAR] UTEP Students, Staff or Faculty Only. [PAR] THE GAME: [PAR] NUMBER OF PLAYERS: A complete team consists of six (6) players, but a minimum of four (4) players is required to start and continue a game. By game time, all teams must have at least the minimum number of its players on the court and ready to play. For Coed play, the number of females on the court must be equal or greater to the number of males on the court. NOTE: A Coed team fielding enough players to start, but not of the appropriate gender, shall receive a forfeit. [PAR] ROSTER LIMIT: There are no limits to the number of eligible participants on your roster. Be aware that league champions will receive a maximum of 9 awards. [PAR] LENGTH OF GAMES AND MATCH: The team that first scores twenty five (25) points in a game shall win that game. A team must win by two (2) points, and there is no cap. The first team to win two games wins the match. Forty-five minutes are allotted to complete a match. If the match requires a deciding third game, the first team to reach fifteen (15) points with a minimum two-point lead shall win it. There will be a seventeen (17) point cap in the final game. [PAR] BALL: The Recreational Sports Department will supply the game ball. Teams must provide their own ball(s) for warm-ups. [PAR] COURT AREA: The legal playing area includes all court area on either side of the center (net) line up to the walls and the dividing net between the courts. The centerline is considered to extend infinitely in either direction (i.e. it is illegal to contact the ball past the center line when outside the court boundaries). Any ball that contacts the ceiling may be played as long as it is on your side and you have hits left to play the ball. However, the ball is considered out of bounds if the ball crosses over to the other side of the court. [PAR] SERVICE: To legally serve the ball, a player\u2019s last contact with the ground before contacting the ball must be behind the back service line, anywhere along its length. Players must wait for the official\u2019s whistle to initiate the serve. Players must contact the ball on their first attempt at serving or a side out will result. The ball is considered in play if the ball contacts the net before going over. Positioning: The position of the other players during service shall be within their playing area (but may not touch the court boundary lines) in serving order with each of the three forward line players in front of their respective back row players at the instant the ball is served. A player also may not overlap an adjacent player to the left or right of his/her position. The position of players is judged according to the place their feet contact the floor at the time the ball is contacted for service. [PAR] AFTER THE BALL IS SERVED: Opponents of the serving team may receive the serve"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Best Thomas Hardy Novels | Interesting Literature The Best Thomas Hardy Novels | Interesting Literature [PAR] The Best Thomas Hardy Novels [PAR] Posted by interestingliterature [PAR] Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) wrote 14 novels, so picking a top ten won\u2019t prove too difficult a task. What are the best Thomas Hardy novels? This is undoubtedly going to prove a difficult and controversial issue, but we thought we\u2019d take this chance to select the ten we think are worth reading \u2013 and we\u2019ve even ranked the novels in order (and the order, too, is bound to prove controversial). Do you agree with our ordering and general choices? We\u2019ve included some interesting facts about the novels in each description of the novel, and a link to what we think is the best available edition of each novel on Amazon. [PAR] 10. Under the Greenwood Tree (Oxford World\u2019s Classics) [PAR] (1872). Hardy adopted an overtly pastoral title for this, his second published novel. His first, Desperate Remedies (1871), was an example of sensation fiction (a genre more usually identified with Mary Elizabeth Braddon and Wilkie Collins). It didn\u2019t fare particularly well, so Hardy took the title of his next book from a song sung in Shakespeare\u2019s As You Like It and wrote about a rural community, centred on the village choir, in an attempt to appeal to the city-dwelling London market. The book introduces a common trope seen in Hardy\u2019s fiction: the love triangle (sometimes, in later novels, it would prove more of a rhombus) whereby several men are trying to win the heart of the same woman. Some of the names here are unbeatable: Dick Dewy and Fancy Day, for instance, for the romantic leads. [PAR] 9. The Pursuit of the Well-beloved and the Well-beloved (Penguin Classics) [PAR] (1897). This novel has the accolade of being Hardy\u2019s final novel. It\u2019s often said that Jude the Obscure (1895) was his last novel, and that after the negative reception that greeted that book Hardy resolved to give up writing fiction. (He would turn to poetry instead, writing classic poems such as \u2018The Darkling Thrush\u2019 at the end of the century \u2013 though he\u2019d started out writing poetry too, as his early poem \u2018Neutral Tones\u2019 demonstrates .) Whilst this is partly true, it\u2019s not the [PAR] whole truth: he actually went back to an earlier book which had been serialised in 1892 (under the title The Pursuit of the Well-Beloved) and revised it for book publication in 1897. This novel is almost mythic in structure, telling as it does of how a sculptor, Jocelyn Pierston, falls in love with three successive generations of the same family. [PAR] 8. A Laodicean: Or the Castle of the De Stancys (Penguin Classics) [PAR] (1881). This is the only novel from the \u2018London period\u2019 of the early 1880s which we\u2019ve included here, and although we can recommend those other novels, especially The Trumpet-Major (a pleasant pastoral tale set during the Napoleonic Wars), we\u2019ve opted for this 1881 offering because it is so utterly unlike any of Hardy\u2019s other novels. This is partly because he didn\u2019t \u2018write\u2019 it himself \u2013 but before you accuse us of being an \u2018anti-Bockhamptonian\u2019 (or whatever the Hardyan equivalent of being anti-Stratfordian would be), we don\u2019t mean he didn\u2019t compose it, merely that he didn\u2019t physically write down much of the novel. He was ill at the time, and confined to bed, so his first wife, Emma, acted as his amanuensis. Although stylistically hardly the most sophisticated Hardy novel, this story of the modern world clashing with traditional values and customs is an entertaining"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scientists Probe Human Nature--and Discover We Are Good ... Scientists Probe Human Nature--and Discover We Are Good, After All - Scientific American [PAR] Scientists Probe Human Nature--and Discover We Are Good, After All [PAR] Recent studies find our first impulses are selfless [PAR] Advertisement | [PAR] Report Ad [PAR] When it really comes down to it\u2014when the chips are down and the lights are off\u2014are we naturally good? That is, are we predisposed to act cooperatively, to help others even when it costs us? Or are we, in our hearts, selfish creatures? [PAR] This fundamental question about human nature has long provided fodder for discussion. Augustine\u2019s doctrine of original sin proclaimed that all people were born broken and selfish, saved only through the power of divine intervention. Hobbes , too, argued that humans were savagely self-centered; however, he held that salvation came not through the divine, but through the social contract of civil law. On the other hand, philosophers such as Rousseau argued that people were born good, instinctively concerned with the welfare of others. More recently, these questions about human nature\u2014selfishness and cooperation, defection and collaboration\u2014have been brought to the public eye by game shows such as Survivor and the UK\u2019s Golden Balls , which test the balance between selfishness and cooperation by pitting the strength of interpersonal bonds against the desire for large sums of money. [PAR] But even the most compelling televised collisions between selfishness and cooperation provide nothing but anecdotal evidence. And even the most eloquent philosophical arguments mean noting without empirical data. [PAR] A new set of studies provides compelling data allowing us to analyze human nature not through a philosopher\u2019s kaleidoscope or a TV producer\u2019s camera, but through the clear lens of science. These studies were carried out by a diverse group of researchers from Harvard and Yale\u2014a developmental psychologist with a background in evolutionary game theory , a moral philosopher-turned-psychologist , and a biologist-cum-mathematician \u2014interested in the same essential question: whether our automatic impulse\u2014our first instinct\u2014is to act selfishly or cooperatively. [PAR] This focus on first instincts stems from the dual process framework of decision-making, which explains decisions (and behavior) in terms of two mechanisms: intuition and reflection. Intuition is often automatic and effortless, leading to actions that occur without insight into the reasons behind them. Reflection, on the other hand, is all about conscious thought\u2014identifying possible behaviors, weighing the costs and benefits of likely outcomes, and rationally deciding on a course of action. With this dual process framework in mind, we can boil the complexities of basic human nature down to a simple question: which behavior\u2014selfishness or cooperation\u2014is intuitive, and which is the product of rational reflection? In other words, do we cooperate when we overcome our intuitive selfishness with rational self-control, or do we act selfishly when we override our intuitive cooperative impulses with rational self-interest? [PAR] To answer this question, the researchers first took advantage of a reliable difference between intuition and reflection: intuitive processes operate quickly, whereas reflective processes operate relatively slowly. Whichever behavioral tendency\u2014selfishness or cooperation\u2014predominates when people act quickly is likely to be the intuitive response; it is the response most likely to be aligned with basic human nature. [PAR] The experimenters first examined potential links between processing speed, selfishness, and cooperation by using 2 experimental paradigms (the \u201c prisoner\u2019s dilemma \u201d and a \u201c public goods game \u201d), 5 studies, and a tot al of 834 participants gathered from both undergraduate campuses and a nationwide sample. Each paradigm consisted of group-based financial decision-making tasks and required participants to choose between acting selfishly\u2014opting to maximize"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patrick Chaplin: The Language of Darts Patrick Chaplin: The Language of Darts [PAR] The Language of Darts [PAR] \u2018The man who cannot speak the lingo of the dart is nowadays an outcast\u2019 [PAR] Alan and Geoffrey D\u2019Egville (Darts with the Lid Off (1938)) [PAR] In July 2004 I received an e-mail from Micha Hofri who, whilst stating that my site was \u2018a joy to read\u2019, said it lacked that certain something for those just beginning to play darts; that something being an explanation of the terms used in darts. To an extent this criticism has been answered by the introduction of the section \u2018How to play darts\u2019 which makes clear what words such as \u2018oche\u2019 mean. In fact the word \u2018oche\u2019 also has a section of its own on the site, but Micha is right, I do need to bring folks\u2019 attention to other expressions which can cause confusion \u2018on the oche\u2019. To expand Micha\u2019s suggestion further, this article will also include explanations of some of the more common and the much more scarce words and phrases that are being \u2013 or have been \u2013 utilised in darts over the years. [PAR] As darts became more popular in Britain during the second and third decades of the twentieth century, it began to develop a language all of its own. By the time Rupert Croft-Cooke\u2019s book Darts was published in 1936 he was able to provide a glossary of in excess of fifty terms and phrases used by dart players which he deemed to be \u2018the most universal.\u2019 However, he did point out that \u2018every district has its own words\u2019. However, Croft-Cooke took little or no interest in the origins of the expressions he recorded. [PAR] The D\u2019Egville\u2019s, quoted at the beginning of this article, published a glossary of in excess of eighty words and phrases in 1938, many of which were drawn from Croft-Cooke\u2019s earlier work whilst others appeared for the first time. [PAR] When Croft-Cooke\u2019s book was reviewed in the Times Literary Supplement the reviewer described the listing of these words and phrases common to the game of darts as \u2018enthralling local history\u2019. What distinguishes the private language of darts from that of other sports and games is that much of the idiom is parochial in nature and often reflects directly the working-class roots of the game. [PAR] In this article a selection of the words, terms and phrases listed by Croft-Cooke are quoted and then examined; Croft-Cooke\u2019s definitions being compared with those revealed by my research. [PAR] \u2018BAG O\u2019 NUTS \u2013 The number 45. I have heard this term in Berkshire, but it may be used more widely.' [PAR] The term was used more widely, \u2018Bag o\u2019 Nuts\u2019 being a common phrase used in darts in various parts of England. It has its origins in the fairground where a score of 45 on the darts stall in the 1930s would win the customer a bag of nuts. As times changed, the prize changed and when goldfish replaced the bag of nuts a score of 45 at darts led to the introduction of the phrase \u2018Fish and globe\u2019. [PAR] \u2018BULL CALF \u2013 A Gloucestershire expression indicating the number 33.\u2019 [PAR] For good reason Croft-Cooke kept his definition of this expression to a simple sentence. In a 1936 publication it is unlikely that he would have wished \u2013 or been allowed \u2013 to go into any greater detail on the subject. [PAR] In the 1980s the phrase \u2018Bull Calf\u2019 was still being used in Gloucestershire and most certainly in the Forest of Dean. The derivation relates to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 20 Singer-Songwriters of All Time | L.A. Weekly Top 20 Singer-Songwriters of All Time | L.A. Weekly [PAR] Top 20 Singer-Songwriters of All Time [PAR] Remember Me [PAR] Or sign in with a social account: [PAR] FACEBOOK GOOGLE + TWITTER YAHOO! [PAR] Don't have an account yet? Sign Up \u203a [PAR] Connect. Discover. Share. [PAR] Get the most out of your experience with a personalized all-access pass to everything local on events, music, restaurants, news and more. [PAR] Enter your email or sign up with a social account to get started [PAR] FACEBOOK TWITTER GOOGLE+ YAHOO! [PAR] Don't have an account yet? [PAR] Sign Up \u203a [PAR] Top 20 Singer-Songwriters of All Time [PAR] Wednesday, May 7, 2014 at 8:56 a.m. [PAR] Print Article [PAR] There's something about the singer-songwriter, the self-contained musical artist whose compositions succeed largely on the strength of his or her imagination. When determining our top 20, we considered both solo artists, and singers who were the primary songwriters for their bands. -Nicholas Pell [PAR] Gordon Lightfoot [PAR] Canada Hall of Fame [PAR] 20. Gordon Lightfoot [PAR] There are two kinds of people in this world: Gordon Lightfoot evangelists and people who've never actually bothered to listen to him. His champions include Bob Dylan, Vincent Gallo and the entire nation of Canada. Even his most recognizable hits, \"Sundown\" and \"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald\" run rife with darkness. \"10 Degrees and Getting Colder,\" is a tale about what are perhaps the last minutes of a hitchhiking failed country singer. Quit the ironic snickering and head down to the local dollar bin - ten bucks will grab you most of his catalog. -Nicholas Pell [PAR] Dolly Parton [PAR] Courtesy of the artist [PAR] 19. Dolly Parton [PAR] All through the '80s, Dolly Parton was a boob joke. Then, in 1992, Whitney Houston belted out \"I Will Always Love You,\" and the world was reminded that Dolly had written this epic end-of-an-era tune about Porter Wagoner, and that she had written thousands of songs and sung them with more blonde ambition than Madonna could ever dream of. And, Jack White? You will never achieve Dolly's level of Nashville swagger, no matter how hard you riff on \"Jolene.\" -Cristina Black [PAR] Courtesy of the artist [PAR] 18. Elliott Smith [PAR] Good Will Hunting. American Beauty. The Royal Tenenbaums. Each film has at least one character struggling with depression. So it's probably no coincidence that each soundtrack features hauntingly beautiful music from the late Elliott Smith. An ever-evolving musician - compare the instrumentation on Roman Candle and Figure 8 - he was also capable of conveying gut-wrenching emotion without sounding disingenuous. His soft, plaintive voice and harrowing lyrics are perfect for whenever sorrow looms. -Max Bell [PAR] Hank Williams [PAR] Courtesy of the label [PAR] 17. Hank Williams [PAR] With apologies to Jimmie Rodgers, Hank Williams is country music, and not just because handlers followed him everywhere, keeping his drug addiction under wraps. His slim corpus represents some of the finest songwriting ever, genre be damned. Though mainstream country threw him under the bus, Hank continues to inspire today's traditionalists such as Whitey Morgan, Sturgill Simpson and Lydia Loveless. Hank taught us it takes a world of hurt to play country like it's meant to be played. -Nicholas Pell [PAR] David Bowie [PAR] Album cover art [PAR] 16. David Bowie [PAR] It's hard to even know what to call David Bowie: Ziggy Stardust, The Thin White Duke, Aladdin Sane, The Man Who Sold The World, or (my personal favorite) Jareth the Goblin King. All of those"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Morse Code International Morse Code [PAR] International Morse Code [PAR] For learning Morse code it is recommended that you do not try to remember dots and dashes, but remember the Morse code sounds instead. [PAR] Letter [PAR] CL, Going off the air (\"clear\") [PAR] -.-..-.. [PAR] DO, Change to wabun code [PAR] -..--- [PAR] KN, Invite a specific station to transmit [PAR] -.--. [PAR] SK, End of transmission (also VA) [PAR] ...-.- [PAR] I am ready to copy [PAR] QRV? [PAR] Are you ready to copy? [PAR] QRL [PAR] The frequency is in use [PAR] QRL? [PAR] Is the frequency in use? [PAR] QTH [PAR] What is your location? [PAR] Notes [PAR] If the duration of a dot is taken to be one unit then that of a dash is three units. The space between the components of one character is one unit, between characters is three units and between words seven units. To indicate that a mistake has been made and for the receiver to delete the last word, send ........ (eight dots). [PAR] The prosigns are combinations of two letters sent together with no space in between. The other abbreviations and Q codes are sent with the normal spacing. [PAR] I am a father and foster carer [PAR] a principal research engineer at the IT Innovation Centre [PAR] a Woodcraft Folk district coordinator [PAR] a salsa teacher [PAR] and in my spare time I write and maintain this web site [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright Stephen C. Phillips, 2015"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Larry Mullen, Jr.: Biography from @U2 Larry Mullen, Jr.: Biography from @U2 [PAR] Born: October 31, 1961 [PAR] Instrument: Drums [PAR] Lawrence Joseph Mullen was born and raised in Artane, located the north side of Dublin, at 60 Rosemount Avenue. [PAR] He had to add the \"Junior\" to the end of his name to distinguish himself from his father, Larry Mullen, Sr. As Larry's career blossomed, so did his tax bills and his father was the unlucky recipient of them in the early 1980s. Before U2, Larry's previous gigs included playing drums for the Post Office Workers Union Band, and, for three weeks, the Artane Boys Band. Some of his earliest gigs included the St. Patrick's Day Parade on O'Connell Street, the bandstand on St. Stephen's Green, and the pier in Dun Laoghaire. [PAR] Larry's music career started when he began taking piano lessons when he was 8 years old. He did not fancy the notion of studying the piano scales or learning music theory, so he gave up the piano and began drumming in 1971. He started taking classes with Ireland's best-known drummer, Joe Bonnie. When Bonnie died a year later, his daughter Monica continued teaching Larry. However, Larry has said that his drumming style is \"unteachable\" and that spirit and instinct are what guides his technique. He has said that he just wanted to \"physically hit the thing,\" in regard to the drums, so lessons where he couldn't just play were not his cup of tea, so to speak. Larry did return to the piano when he played keyboards on \"Yahweh\" during the Vertigo tour. [PAR] His sister, Cecilia, bought him his first drum-kit in 1973 for \u00a317. He placed a notice at the infamous Mount Temple Comprehensive School in the fall of 1976, and on September 25, 1976, the band auditions began in his kitchen in Artane. Although everyone knows the band as U2, Larry claims that the band's name is really \"The Larry Mullen Band.\" [PAR] Growing up, Larry considered his life to be \"pretty normal for a while.\" However, Larry's oldest sister, Mary, died in 1973. Five years later, his mother, Maureen, died in a road traffic accident in November 1978. He says in U2 by U2, \"In some ways, both events defined the kind of person I've become. My mother's death certainly catapulted me in the band's direction.\" [PAR] Larry left school in 1978 after passing his Intermediate Certificate exams. Larry said he was offered an opportunity to complete his Leaving Certificate exams, but chose not to as the economy was not doing very well at the time and jobs were difficult to find. While the band was still trying to score a record deal in 1978, Larry worked at Seiscom Delta in the purchasing department for a year. Had he stayed at Seiscom, his career path would have been computer programming for Seiscom's geology department. [PAR] In the early days of U2, Larry had to miss some gigs and photo shoots because of the job at Seiscom. For the photo sessions he could not make, friend-of-the-band Derek \"Guggi\" Rowen stepped in as he resembled Larry to a degree. For the gigs, Larry arranged a stand-in named Eugene from a north Dublin rock band called Stryder. When Larry became injured on the job, running over his toe with his motorbike, Eric Briggs filled in for him on the drums. Bono says in U2 by U2 that there was a period of time where the other three band members almost kicked Larry out of the band because they were not sure how serious"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nasdaq at Times Square Nasdaq at Times Square [PAR] Nasdaq at Times Square [PAR] Nasdaq MarketSite [PAR] With its dramatic video tower overlooking New York's Times Square, Nasdaq MarketSite is the location for the Nasdaq Market Bell Ceremonies as well as providing spectacular panoramic views and the ultimate setting for company and private events. [PAR] Market Bell Ceremonies [PAR] . [PAR] The Opening and Closing Market Bell ceremonies at the Nasdaq MarketSite in New York City's Times Square serve as a platform to generate exposure for your company, make a news announcement or celebrate corporate milestones. [PAR] Event Space [PAR] . [PAR] The Nasdaq MarketSite is an exclusive event space, set in an ideal location for corporate events and private parties. [PAR] Broadcast Studios and Media [PAR] . [PAR] Delivering and implementing brand visibility strategies through organized interviews and press briefings with major papers and international correspondents. [PAR] Times Square Advertising [PAR] . [PAR] Dominate Times Square and get access to not only the Nasdaq Tower and Nasdaq Marquee but also several other billboards, for an impactful visibility experience! [PAR] Times Square Area Information [PAR] . [PAR] Location, directions, and information about visiting Nasdaq MarketSite in Times Square, including preferred hotels and restaurants we partner with in the area. [PAR] Live Stream of Nasdaq Tower [PAR] Watch our Tower and Market Bell Ceremonies [PAR] &#160; [PAR] Learn more about Nasdaq MarketSite located in New York's Times Square [PAR] &#160; [PAR] Nasdaq Tower and Marquee Creative [PAR] Stephanie Lowenthal, Sr. Director, Corporate Communications [PAR] Nasdaq PR policy, On-Site Reporters, Media Relations Support [PAR] Emily Pan , Corporate Communications Specialist [PAR] Nasdaq PR policy, On-site Reporters, Media Relations Support [PAR] Types of Events at MarketSite [PAR] Business Related Events [PAR] --Book Signings and Media Launches [PAR] MarketSite Event Specifications [PAR] Nasdaq MarketSite [PAR] 4 Times Square 43rd & Broadway [PAR] Subway: 42nd Street station via B, D, F, M, Q, N, R, 1, 2, 3, 7, S [PAR] Train: Arrive at Penn Station and take the 1,2 or 3 subway uptown to Times Square - 42nd Street station. [PAR] Bus: Port Authority is within walking distance of NASDAQ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Annapurna, Nepal | Beautiful Places to Visit Annapurna, Nepal - Beautiful Places to VisitBeautiful Places to Visit [PAR] Annapurna, Nepal [PAR] March 30th, 2012 | Mountains [PAR] [PAR] Famous Annapurna is a section of the Himalaya mountain range, located in central Nepal. The name \u201cAnnapurna\u201d is a Sanskrit name meaning \u201cGoddess of the Harvests\u201d. The massive 22,970+ foot (7,000+ meter) peaks of the Annapurna section are some of the most dangerous to climb in the world. The south face of Annapurna I has the highest fatality rate of all the world\u2019s 8,000 meter or higher peaks. Though the peaks themselves are off-limits to most people, the surrounding scenery can be access by undertaking one of many popular multi-day treks, including the impressive Annapurna Circuit trek, the Kaligandaki River Valley trek, and the Annapurna Sanctuary trek which reaches the Annapurna Base Camp. Annapurna is located within the Annapurna Conservation Area Project, and a permit is required to visit. Permits can be obtained in the Nepalese cities of Pokhara and Kathmandu. Bus service from Pokhara is available, as are many guided tours for trekking.[DOC] [TLE] Mountains | Beautiful Places to Visit Mountains Archives - Beautiful Places to VisitBeautiful Places to Visit [PAR] by Beautiful Places to Visit [PAR] [PAR] Famous Annapurna is a section of the Himalaya mountain range, located in central Nepal. The name \u201cAnnapurna\u201d is a Sanskrit name meaning \u201cGoddess of the Harvests\u201d. The massive 22,970+ foot (7,000+ meter) peaks of the Annapurna section are some of the most dangerous to climb in the world. The south face of Annapurna I has the highest fatality rate of all the world\u2019s 8,000 meter or higher peaks. Though the peaks themselves are off-limits to most people, the surrounding scenery can be access by undertaking one of many popular multi-day treks, including the impressive Annapurna Circuit trek, the Kaligandaki River Valley trek, and the Annapurna Sanctuary trek which reaches the Annapurna Base Camp. Annapurna is located within the Annapurna Conservation Area Project, and a permit is required to visit. Permits can be obtained in the Nepalese cities of Pokhara and Kathmandu. Bus service from Pokhara is available, as are many guided tours for trekking. [PAR] by Beautiful Places to Visit [PAR] Torres del Paine is a national park located in south Patagonia, Chile. The park is known for its immense rock towers and peaks, part of the Andes mountain range. The name Torres del Paine means Towers of Blue (Paine is an indigenous name for the color blue). The most famous peaks in the park are Cordillera del Paine, a set of stark peaks, and the Cuernos del Paine (Horns of Blue), a set of jagged, horn-like mountain tops. Also in the park are a glacier, a lake, and rivers. The most popular activity in the park are the multi day hikes, especially the Base Of Las Torres trek. Tourists can reach the national park via dailiy bus service from the city of Puerto Natales. Accommodations in the park consist of basic lodgings called \u201cRefugios\u201d and camping. [PAR] by Beautiful Places to Visit [PAR] [PAR] Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan, standing an imposing 3,776.24 meters (12,389 feet) tall. It is considered an active volcano, with its last eruption in the early 1700s. Often depicted in Japanese art, the iconic mountain is well known as a symbol of Japan and is a prominent feature of Tokyo\u2019s skyline. The well-formed cone of this stratovolcano is visually almost symmetrical. Climbing the mountain has become a popular excursion for tourists from around the world, with over 300,000 persons reaching the summit each"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dangerously in Love - Beyonc\u00e9 | Songs, Reviews, Credits ... Dangerously in Love - Beyonc\u00e9 | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Dangerously in Love [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine [PAR] Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles was always presented as the star of Destiny's Child -- which probably shouldn't be a big surprise since her father managed the group. So it was a natural step for her to step into the diva spotlight with a solo album in 2003, particularly since it followed on the heels of her co-starring role in Mike Myers ' 2002 comedy hit, Austin Powers in Goldmember. Still, a singer takes a risk when going solo, as there's no guarantee that her/his star will still shine as bright when there's nobody to reflect upon. Plus, Survivor often sounded labored, as Knowles struggled to sound real. The Knowles clan -- Beyonc\u00e9 and her father Mathew , that is (regrettably, Harry Knowles of \"Ain't It Cool\" is no relation) -- were apparently aware of these two pitfalls since they pull off a nifty trick of making her debut album, Dangerously in Love , appeal to a broad audience while making it sound relatively easy. Sometimes that ease can translate into carelessness (at least with regard to the final stretch of the album), with a prolonged sequence of ballads that get stuck in their own treacle, capped off by the unbearably mawkish closer, \"Gift from Virgo,\" where she wishes her unborn child and her husband to be like her daddy. (Mind you, she's not pregnant or married, she's just planning ahead, although she gets tripped up in her wishes since there's \"no one else like my daddy.\") Although these are a little formless -- and perhaps would have been more digestible if spread throughout the record -- they are impeccably produced and showcase Knowles ' new relaxed and smooth delivery, which is a most welcome development after the overworked Survivor . Knowles doesn't save this voice just for the ballads -- she sounds assured and sexy on the dance numbers, particularly when she has a male counterpart, as on the deliriously catchy \"Crazy in Love\" with her man Jay-Z or on \"Baby Boy\" with 2003's dancehall superstar, Sean Paul . These are the moments when Dangerously in Love not only works, but sounds like Knowles has fulfilled her potential and risen to the top of the pack of contemporary R&B divas. It's just too bad that momentum is not sustained throughout the rest of the record. About halfway through, around the astrological ode \"Signs\" with Missy Elliott , it starts crawling through its ballads and, while listenable, it's not as exciting as the first part of the record. Still, the first half is good enough to make Dangerously in Love one of the best mainstream urban R&B records released in 2003, and makes a strong case that Knowles might be better off fulfilling this destiny instead of reuniting with Destiny . [PAR] Track Listing[DOC] [TLE] Beyonce, 'Dangerously In Love': Classic Track-By-Track ... Beyonce, 'Dangerously In Love': Classic Track-By-Track Review | Billboard [PAR] Beyonce, 'Dangerously In Love': Classic Track-By-Track Review [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] Fall crazy back in love with Queen B's first solo album on the 10th anniversary of its release. [PAR] Ten years ago, Beyonc\u00e9 decided to make a move that would ultimately help her become one the most accomplished artists in music. The singer, while the R&B group Destiny's Child was on a hiatus, ventured out as a solo artist. [PAR] Beyonc\u00e9 launched her solo career with her studio debut album, \"Dangerously in Love,\" which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Printable Months of the Year Vocabulary Worksheets ... Printable Months of the Year Vocabulary Worksheets | Alphabetical Order Worksheet [PAR] Home > Math > Calendar > Printables and Worksheets > Months of the Year > Months of the Year Vocabulary Alphabetical Order Worksheet [PAR] Place the vocabulary words associated with months of the year in alphabetical order. Vocabulary words included in the word bank are: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December. Our manipulative word magnets may help you complete the task! [PAR] Printable Worksheets - Months of the Year Vocabulary Alphabetical Order Worksheet [PAR] Show Us Some Love -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australian National Flag and Other Flags of Australia Australian National Flag and Other Flags of Australia [PAR] Australian National Flag [PAR] The National Flag of Australia contains three elements: [PAR] The British Union Jack on a blue field - reflecting the historical origins of the Australian flag, [PAR] The Southern Cross - reflecting Australia's geographic position in the Southern Hemisphere, and [PAR] A seven pointed star - representing the Federation of six states, with an additional point to represent the territories collectively. [PAR] In addition to the Australian National Flag, there are several other flags used by the Australian Defence Forces and Commonwealth Government agencies. The Australian Army does not have a separate flag, but uses the Australian National Flag. The Australian Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islanders flag in 1995 were proclaimed to be Flags of Australia under the Flags Act 1953. Special flags are also used by HM the Queen when in Australia and by the Governor General. [PAR] Other Flags of Australia [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Defence Force Ensign - the flag represents the Australian Defence Force and the three services collectively. The dark blue stripe and the anchor in the central emblem represent the RAN, the red stripe and the crossed swords for the Australian Army, whilst the light blue stripe and eagle is for the RAAF. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian White Ensign - the national flag for use by commissioned warships and shore establishments of the Royal Australian Navy. The flag is flown by warships from the ensign staff at the stern. The blue Australian national flag is flown on the jack-staff at the bow, when vessels are in port. Prior to 1967, the RAN used the British White Ensign. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The RAAF Ensign - the official flag of the Royal Australian Air Force. The flag is flown at RAAF bases. Originally adopted in 1949, the ensign was modified in 1982 when the roundel was altered to include a red kangaroo. During World War II, the RAAF used the flag of the British Royal Air Force. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Red Ensign - the national flag for use by ships registered in Australia. From 1981 yachts and small ships may use the blue Australian National Flag in place of the Australian Red Ensign. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Customs flag - the flag used by vessels in the service of the Australian Customs Service. The flag is also painted on the fuselage of aircraft undertaking Customs duties. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Civil Aviation flag - originally used by aircraft (flown from the pilot's window after landing) and flown at all Australian airports and other properties controlled by the Department of Civil Aviation, the flag is now only used by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Airservices Australia. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Federal Police flag - used on buildings and facilities operated by the Australian Federal Police. The flag was adopted in 1981. The checked border is part of the design, not a fringe. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Australian Aboriginal Flag - A flag to represent and identify Australian Aboriginal people did not exist until 12 July 1971 when a flag designed by Mr Harold Thomas was first flown in Adelaide. The red stripe represents the land and the black symbolises the Aboriginal people. The yellow circle represents the Sun, the giver of life. Copyright of the Aboriginal Flag is owned by Mr Thomas who has granted an exclusive manufacturing licence to Carroll and Richardson Flagworld Pty Ltd. Originally designed in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Delta Wing Kite - Not So Hard To Make, In Any Size A Delta Wing Kite - Not So Hard To Make, In Any Size [PAR] A Delta Wing Kite [PAR] Not So Hard To Make, In Any Size [PAR] A delta wing kite can look either bird-like or like an aircraft in the air, depending on its design. Some are rather rather rigid, and accelerate quickly this way and that in response to gusts in the wind, while others just float and loll about, distorting in subtle ways as the wind varies. [PAR] Deltas are a pretty popular design these days, so they can be seen in a large range of sizes. The characteristic sail shape never changes much though, otherwise it wouldn't be a Delta! [PAR] Our little 1-Skewer Delta design requires a tail, but is then a good light-to-moderate wind flier. Initially, we made a few in clear plastic, while experimenting with a few details of the construction. [PAR] More recently, this kite has been made more visible by doing the sail in orange plastic and using a simple ribbon tail made from black plastic. Also, the glued horizontal spar has been replaced with a floating spreader, like bigger kites of this type. [PAR] Next up in size comes the 2-Skewer Delta, which also requires a tail. But only a short one! Any lightly-built delta wing kite is good in thermal conditions, and our 2-Skewer version is no exception. It's great to watch it charge around overhead, riding the patches of rising air that come through. [PAR] Finally, we started making larger kites like the Dowel Delta. This one has had just one revision, which resulted in simpler construction and a wider wind range. The original was an ultra-light wind kite really, which would start to misbehave in even moderate winds! There's something about Deltas isn't there, as they point their nose at the sky on the way up. As if to say 'up there is where I belong'. [PAR] This Stowaway Delta kite [PAR] on Amazon is a typical modern design. It packs down very compactly. [PAR] Down below is a photo or 2 and a video of all the MBK Deltas. This illustrates the end result, in case you decide to use our instructions to make a delta wing kite for yourself. [PAR] A lot of people have shied away from making our Skewer or Dowel kites due to their complexity or the need for gluing. Hence I did a small series of ultra-basic kites, including the Simple Delta. [PAR] The leading edges are about 1 meter (nearly 3 1/2 feet) long. No keel, and no gluing! In light winds, it can be flown on 20 pound line, but we usually use 50 pound line just to be safe. [PAR] In keeping with the absolute simplicity concept, this Delta wing kite has a single ribbon tail. The tail is cut from the same plastic that is used to make the sail. [PAR] This dinky little number is called the 1-Skewer Delta. You see, each spar is a 29 cm (1 foot) bamboo BBQ skewer. [PAR] The original was made from clear freezer-bag plastic, which made it almost impossible to see against a gray sky. A good little flier though! [PAR] We fly this one on 50 meters (150 feet) of 20 pound line. It doesn't need that strength, but we also fly our 2-skewer kites on the same line. [PAR] Over on the left there is the latest version of the 1-Skewer Delta, in orange garden bag plastic. The tail is cut"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed | Phobia Source Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed | Phobia Source [PAR] Home \u00bb Phobia List [PAR] Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed [PAR] Clinophobia is the irrational fear of going to bed or falling asleep. This kind of fear is unexpectedly a common one. Sleep disturbances like nightmares, work and relationship can leave a person more prone in developing Clinophobia. The subconscious world of dreams can give rise to all kinds of violent or disturbing images and usually those who have frequent nightmares experiences dreams of falling, dying or being humiliated. [PAR] Once Clinophobia is not the direct indication of sleep disorder or medical problem it often hints some deeper issues, dilemma and uncertainties can keep someone awake and the idea of sleeping peacefully is impossible. At times, insomnia and fear of sleeping affects the person\u2019s daily life. The pattern of symptoms experienced usually varies from person to person, frequently depending on the severity of the phobia. For some people, the phobia causes them to feel uncomfortable and anxious when attempting to sleep and in more severe cases, attempting to sleep might provoke severe anxiety or panic attacks. [PAR] Treatment may involve medical intervention and may vary on the cause and severity of the phobia. If the cause is emotional problems and stress from work seeking help in the form of counseling or therapy is encouraged. And if panic attack becomes a symptom, panic treatment can be a way to break off physical and mental tension."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Formation of the Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean as ... Formation of the Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean as inferred from geohistorical analysis of the anomalous magnetic field | SpringerLink [PAR] July 2006 [PAR] , Volume 40, Issue 4 , pp 263\u2013281 [PAR] Formation of the Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean as inferred from geohistorical analysis of the anomalous magnetic field [PAR] Authors [PAR] 356 Downloads [PAR] Abstract [PAR] A new combined magnetic database and a magnetic-profile map are developed for the Eurasia Basin as a result of adjusting all available historical and recent Russian and American magnetic data sets. The geohistorical analysis of magnetic data includes several steps: identification of linear magnetic anomalies along each trackline, calculation of the Euler rotation pole positions for the relative motion of the North American and Eurasian plates, analysis of temporal and spatial variations in the spreading rate, and plate reconstructions. The pattern of key Cenozoic magnetic isochrons (24, 20, 18, 13, 6, 5, 2a) is constructed for the entire Eurasia Basin. In the western half of the basin, this pattern is consistent with a recently published scheme [16]. In its eastern half, magnetic isochrons are determined in detail for the first time and traced up to the Laptev Sea shelf. The main stages in the seafloor spreading are established for the Eurasia Basin. Each stage is characterized by a specific spreading rate and the degree of asymmetry of the basin opening. The revealed differences are traced along the Gakkel Ridge. Systematic patterns in wandering of the Eurasia Basin opening pole are established for particular stages. The continent-ocean transition zone corresponding to the primary rupture between plates is outlined in the region under consideration on the basis of gravimetric data. The nature of different potential fields and bottom topography on opposite sides of the Gakkel Ridge is discussed. The characteristic features of the basin-bottom formation at main stages of its evolution are specified on the basis of new and recently published data. The results obtained are in good agreement with plate geodynamics of the North Atlantic and the adjacent Arctic basins. [PAR] Original Russian Text \u00a9 V.Yu. Glebovsky, V.D. Kaminsky, A.N. Minakov, S.A. Merkur\u2019ev, V.A. Childers, J.M. Brozena, 2006, published in Geotektonika, 2006, No. 4, pp. 21\u201342. [PAR] Download to read the full article text [PAR] References [PAR] 1. [PAR] G. P. Avetisov, \u201cGeodynamics of Active Seismic Zones in the Arctic Region,\u201d Otech. Geol., No. 10, 52\u201362 (1993). [PAR] 2. [PAR] G. P. Avetisov, Active Seismic Zones in the Arctic (Okeangeologiya, St. Petersburg, 1996) [in Russian]. Google Scholar [PAR] 3. [PAR] V. Yu. Glebovsky, A. V. Zaionchek, V. D. Kaminsky, and S. P. Mashchenkov, \u201cDigital Databases and Maps of Potential Fields in the Arctic Ocean,\u201d in The Russian Arctic Region: Geological History, Mineral Resources, Ecology (Okeangeologiya, St. Petersburg, 2002), pp. 134\u2013141 [in Russian]. Google Scholar [PAR] 4. [PAR] V. Yu. Glebovsky, A. M. Karasik, S. A. Merkur\u2019ev, et al., \u201cSpreading in the North Atlantic from Results of Areal Hydromagnetic Surveying in the Reykjanes Ridge and the Iceland Basin,\u201d in Electromagnetic Induction in the World Ocean (Nauka, Moscow, 1990), Part 1, pp. 22\u201334 [in Russian]. Google Scholar [PAR] 5. [PAR] V. Yu. Glebovsky and S. P. Mashchenkov, \u201cIncrease in Efficiency of Geological Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies in Ocean by Automatization of Composite Map Compilation,\u201d in Proceedings of IV Interagency Conference of \u201cOkeangeoresursy\u201d Objected Subsystem. Problems of Development of Marine Geotechnology in Geoinformatics and Geoecology (Okeangeologiya, St. Petersburg, 1991), p. 35. Google Scholar [PAR] 6. [PAR] L. P. Zonenshain and M. I. Kuz\u2019min, Paleogeodynamics (Nauka, Moscow, 1993) [in Russian]. Google"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Red Grant - Villains Wiki - Wikia Red Grant | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Assassin [PAR] \u201c [PAR] My orders are to kill you and deliver the Lektor. How I do it is my business. It'll be slow and painful...The first one won't kill you. Not the second. Not even the third. Not till you crawl over here and kiss my foot! [PAR] \u201e [PAR] ~ Grant before fighting Bond. [PAR] Red Grant is the secondary antagonist in the James Bond novel and film From Russia With Love. He was played by actor Robert Shaw. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Novel Biography [PAR] Grant is sent by SMERSH superior, Rosa Klebb , to intercept James Bond while safeguarding their pawn Tatiana Romanovain the Balkans. Grant encounters Bond aboard the Orient Express posing as an agent sent by M named Norman Nash. He puts a sleeping pill in Tatiana's drink to knock her out before holding Bond at gunpoint. He is eventually killed by Bond while on the train. [PAR] Film Biography [PAR] Donald \"Red\" Grant is a henchman for the villain Rosa Klebb. In the film Grant works for S.P.E.C.T.R.E. and is assigned the task of assassinating James Bond to avenge the death of Dr. Julius No . The pre-title sequence shows Bond and Grant searching for one another. Grant kills Bond, before a mask is removed from \"Bond's\" face to reveal that the whole thing was a training mission for Grant. Grant is described as being a homicidal maniac, who escaped from Dartmoor prison where he was incarcerated for life and was recruited by SPECTRE in Tangier while on the run from the law. [PAR] Grant has been intensively trained by the organization and when not on a mission, he is on SPECTRE Island. Although it's Grant's mission to kill Bond, the early part of the film shows Grant taking on the role of Bond's protector to ensure that Bond delivers the Lektor encoding device into SPECTRE's hands. [PAR] Posing as Captain Nash of the British Secret Service, Grant contacts Bond onboard the Orient Express. He tells Bond that he is tasked with smuggling Bond over the border. While eating dinner with Bond and Tatiana, he puts something in Tatiana's drink, which knocks her out on the way back to the compartment. Immediately after Tatiana faints, Bond pulls his gun at Grant, demanding to know why he poisoned Tatiana but Grant calms Bond by telling him that his escape route is only for one and asks Bond if he is after the girl or the Lektor. While explaining his escape plan to Bond on a map, Grant knocks out Bond. While he searches Bond, Bond regains consciousness. Grant threatens Bond with Bond own's gun, revealing to his captive that he is not working for SMERSH but for SPECTRE. Bond tries to reason with Grant, telling him that the Secret Service will double the price SPECTRE pays him, but Grant ignores him, instead telling him how exactly he will kill Bond. [PAR] Grant is killed when Bond outsmarts him with the use of Q-branch's attache case, causing him to drop his gun, and strangles Grant with his own garrote after a fistfight on the train. [PAR] Videogame appearance [PAR] In the video game based on the novel and film, Red Grant is the chief enforcer for the terrorist organization codenamed OCTOPUS. He has a female assistant named Eva. Grant does most of OCTOPUS' dirty work, but his primary mission is to acquire the Lektor decoding device and kill Bond. He catches up with Bond"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to make Ravioli, Dumplings, and Pierogi How to make Ravioli, Dumplings, and Pierogi [PAR] Food [PAR] How to make Ravioli, Dumplings, and Pierogi [PAR] Dumplings are pieces of unleavened dough, frequently filled, that are cooked in liquid such as water or soup. Dumplings may also be steamed, pan fried or deep fried in oil. Dumplings differ from baked pastries such as pies, turnovers, quiche, piroshki, or empanadas in that the dough for dumplings usually does not contain fat, such as butter, lard or shortening. [PAR] Learn how to make noodles [PAR] Italian Ravioli [PAR] Ravioli is a typical Italian dumpling. Ravioli may contain a variety of fillings, including cheese, spinach, or meat. These are typical fillings. [PAR] Meat ravioli filling: [PAR] 1 or 2 cloves of minced garlic [PAR] 2 eggs [PAR] 1 (8 ounce) container ricotta cheese [PAR] 1/2 cup shredded mozzarella cheese [PAR] 1/4 cup grated parmesan cheese [PAR] 1 egg [PAR] 1 teaspoon white pepper [PAR] 1/2 teaspoon salt [PAR] Meat Filling: Cook the ground beef, the minced onion, and the minced garlic in a skillet over medium heat. When the meat is browned, remove from heat and cool; stir in the beaten eggs, the finely chopped parsley, and the grated Parmesan cheese. Drain any liquid before filling the pasta. Cheese Filling: Beat the egg and combine with all the ingredients stirring until well combined. [PAR] [PAR] water to make 1/2 cup [PAR] Rolling the dough [PAR] Knead the dough thoroughly, cover with plastic, and allow it to rest for 20 minutes. The resting time allows the flour to absorb water uniformly and makes the dough more pliable. The dough can be rolled by hand, or by using a pasta machine [PAR] , such as the one illustrated above. The picture on the right shows a ravioli attachment for the machine. The thickness of the sheets of pasta should be about 2 millimeters (slightly thicker than a U.S. penny). Two sheets of pasta are fed over the rollers of the ravioli attachment. The filling is placed in the indentations, and the crank is given a half turn to produce two raviolis. The process is repeated until the end of the pasta sheets is reached. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ravioli Tray [PAR] Ravioli can also be made manually. Place a sheet of dough on a counter. Put teaspoons of filling on the dough spaced 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) apart. Moisten lightly with water the space between the mounds with a pastry brush. Place another sheet of dough over the mounds of filling. Press the sheets of dough together around the filling making sure that no air is trapped in the pockets, and cut into individual raviolis with a knife. If you make pasta frequently, a ravioli tray or ravioli cutter [PAR] helps to produce raviolis of uniform size that will cook all at the same time. [PAR] A ravioli tray provides a convenient way for making uniformly sized ravioli. Spray the mold with a light coating of oil, dust it with flour, and flour generously the side of the dough sheet that is in contact with the ravioli tray so that the raviolis will release easily. The ravioli tray is used by covering it loosely with a sheet of dough. The filling is placed in each indentation of the tray. The dough between the indentations is moistened slightly to allow the second sheet to adhere well. Cover the filled tray with a second sheet of dough. Glide the palm of the hand along the top sheet to remove any air bubbles, and then press with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] water, water, everywhere but not a drop to drink - Goodreads Quote by Samuel Taylor Coleridge: \u201cWater, water, everywhere, And all the boards di...\u201d [PAR] We\u2019d love your help. Let us know what\u2019s wrong with this preview of [PAR] The Rime of the Ancient Mariner [PAR] by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.[DOC] [TLE] The Rime of the Ancient Mariner - Literature reference ... The Rime of the Ancient Mariner - Literature reference section from FT Exploring [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The story seemed pretty scary to me when I first read it in eigth grade. It was published in 1798 when Coleridge was 25 years old. [PAR] The Basic Plot: [PAR] With strange mysterious power, an ancient mariner (old sailer) compels some poor guy (the Wedding Guest) on his way to a fun wedding party to sit and listen to an incredible story about a horrifying sailing voyage. The wedding guest is unhappy about missing the fun party, but the mariner's \"glittering eye\" overpowers him and he sits mesmerized, listening to the whole creepy tale. [PAR] The mariner tells of a nightmarish voyage. While rounding the \"horn\" in the Antarctic Ocean, the mariner's ship is surrounded by dangerous ice bergs. Things look bleak until a beautiful albatross flies in for a visit. The sailors feed it and the ice splits open. The albatross stays a while and seems to be leading the ship out of trouble, when for no good reason, the mariner kills it with a bolt from his trusty crossbow. I've known a few guys like that. [PAR] At first the mariner's shipmates shun him for this crime against nature. They hang the albatross about the mariner's neck. (This is where the expression, \"an albatross around his neck\" comes from). But then, as the good breeze and good weather continue, the crew decide killing the bird must have been a good thing. Now the trouble really begins. No wind, no water, much suffering, until all the crew but the mariner drop dead. For seven days the bodies lay there staring at the poor mariner who, though in agony from thirst himself, can't die. [PAR] Lots more strange and wondrous things happen, including the dead crew rising like zombies to sail the ship. But, as we used to say in grade school oral book reports, if you want to know the rest of the story, you'll have to read it. [PAR] Or at least keep scrolling and read the excerpts below: [PAR] . [PAR] born 1772 - died 1834 (62 years) [PAR] [PAR] Samuel Coleridge was born in the small town of Ottery St. Mary, in rural Devonshire, England. When his father died he was sent to school in Christ's Hospital in London, where he showed himself to be an unusually bright student. [PAR] He suffered much in life from painful physical afflictions for which laudanum was prescribed. Laudanum was opium dissolved in alcohol. Back in those days they did not understand much about the dangers of opium and drug addiction. Poor Coleridge came to learn that \"the drug was a greater evil than the diseases it did not cure\"**. He became a hopeless drug addict, depressed, and had fallings out with his wife and friends, including his longtime friend William Wordsworth. [PAR] It is not fair to only portray Coleridge as a drug addict. He accomplished much in life despite his problems. He is now considered to be one of the most influentual thinkers of his day in a variety of fields. John Stuart Mill said that Coleridge was one of \"the two great seminal minds of England\"**. You'll"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Popular Beers - Beers from 35 Countries - Thrillist Most Popular Beers - Beers from 35 Countries - Thrillist [PAR] Flickr/Alpha [PAR] CHINA - Snow Beer [PAR] FUN FACT: Despite the fact that you've probably never heard of it, Snow Beer is actually the most popular (meaning best-selling) beer in the entire world. It's sold almost exclusively in China, which apparently has a lot of people. [PAR] CZECH REPUBLIC - Pilsner Urquell [PAR] Pilsner Urquell was the first pilsner beer in the entire world (invented in 1842). [PAR] DENMARK - Carlsberg [PAR] Despite also being the best-selling beer in Russia, Carlsberg is very much a Danish invention (and has the distinction of being the flagship brew of the fifth-largest brewery group in the world). [PAR] ETHIOPIA - St. George Lager [PAR] In Ethiopia, beer has long been a drink of choice, and the crisp St. George out of Addis Ababa has helped cool down locals and travelers since 1922. [PAR] Flickr/s_a_i_d_a [PAR] FRENCH POLYNESIA - Hinano [PAR] Tahitian treat Hinano tastes like a hybrid of Heineken & Bud and packs a low punch, which is a good thing considering it's best consumed by the icy bucketful on a white-sanded beach. Also, this and Tabu are pretty much the only options in the archipelago. They taste the same. [PAR] INDIA - Kingfisher [PAR] With a market share of over 50%, Kingfisher is akin to some sort of monarch in the Indian beer world. [PAR] INDONESIA - Bintang Beer [PAR] Bintang's bottle looks a lot like a Heineken... it apparently tastes like a Heineken... but it's not Heineken, dammit (although it is owned by them)! It's a Pilsner-style beer brewed in Surabaya. [PAR] related [PAR] Flickr/Crispin Semmens [PAR] ISRAEL - Goldstar [PAR] There's a pretty large debate raging in Israel about whether Goldstar or competitor Maccabee is the better beer. But despite the fact that Goldstar edges out sales of Maccabee ever so slightly, they're both made by Tempo Beer Industries. So... those guys win. [PAR] ITALY - Peroni [PAR] While being slightly more well-known the world over for their Nastro Azzurro, Peroni Brewery in Italy has more in-country fame for its eponymous pale lager. [PAR] JAMAICA - Red Stripe [PAR] The famous, stout little bottles. The strong desire to get little beads woven into your hair after you drink a few. This one's a no-brainer. [PAR] Flickr/Pietro Zuco [PAR] JAPAN - Asahi [PAR] The four major beer producers in Japan are Asahi, Sapporo, Kirin, and Suntory (yes, THAT Suntory). They're all in close competition, but recently, Asahi has narrowly edged past its rivals -- somehow without the aid of Bill Murray. [PAR] KENYA - Tusker [PAR] Tusker, East Africa's best-selling beer, was so-named because the brewery founder was killed in an elephant-hunting accident. And now people are reminded of it every time they drink. It kinda sucks. [PAR] LAOS - Beerlao [PAR] Beerlao is half-owned by the Laotian government and half-owned by Carlsberg, and claims to have a 99% market share... so it's got that going for it, which is nice. [PAR] Flickr/Antony Stanley [PAR] MADAGASCAR - Three Horses Beer [PAR] Collectively referred to by locals as \"THB\", Three Horses Beer produces a variety of brews within Madagascar, but its flagship is its pilsner. [PAR] MEXICO - Modelo [PAR] Grupo Modelo, the largest Mexican brewery group, produces a bunch of beers you might recognize (Corona being chief among them), but most of them are exported directly to the US. Within the country itself, however, Modelo is king. [PAR] NETHERLANDS - Heineken [PAR] Ah, Heineken. Its distinctive green bottle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Are the 40 Days of Lent Calculated? How Are the 40 Days of Lent Calculated? [PAR] How Are the 40 Days of Lent Calculated? [PAR] How Are the 40 Days of Lent Calculated? [PAR] Why Sundays Aren't Counted in Lent [PAR] Catholics pray during an Ash Wednesday Mass at the Cathedral of Saint Matthew the Apostle. Win McNamee/Getty Images News/Getty Images [PAR] By Scott P. Richert [PAR] Updated February 29, 2016. [PAR] Lent , the period of prayer and fasting in preparation for Easter , is 40 days long, but there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday , the first day of Lent in the Roman Catholic liturgical calendar, and Easter. So how are the 40 days of Lent calculated? [PAR] A Little History [PAR] The answer takes us back to the earliest days of the Church. Christ's original disciples, who were Jewish, grew up with the idea that the Sabbath\u2014 the day of worship and of rest\u2014was Saturday, the seventh day of the week, since the account of creation in Genesis says that God rested on the seventh day. [PAR] Christ rose from the dead, however, on Sunday, the first day of the week, and the early Christians, starting with the apostles (those original disciples), saw Christ's Resurrection as a new creation, and so they transferred the day of rest and worship from Saturday to Sunday. [PAR] Sunday: The Celebration of the Resurrection [PAR] Since all Sundays\u2014and not simply Easter Sunday\u2014were days to celebrate Christ's Resurrection, Christians were forbidden to fast and do other forms of penance on those days. [PAR] Therefore, when the Church expanded the period of fasting and prayer in preparation for Easter from a few days to 40 days (to mirror Christ's fasting in the desert, before He began His public ministry), Sundays could not be included in the count. [PAR] 40 Days of Fasting [PAR] Thus, in order for Lent to include 40 days on which fasting could occur, it had to be expanded to six full weeks (with six days of fasting in each week) plus four extra days\u2014 Ash Wednesday and the Thursday, Friday, and Saturday that follow it. Six times six is thirty-six, plus four equals forty. And that's how we arrive at the 40 days of Lent! [PAR] Learn More [PAR] For a more in-depth explanation of the history of the Lenten fast, why it has been and remains 40 days long, why Sundays have never been part of the Lenten fast, and when the Lenten fast ends, see The 40 Days of Lent: A Short History of the Lenten Fast . [PAR] Stay up to date on the latest Catholicism news and learn more about the Catholic Faith. Sign up for our free Catholicism newsletter today! [PAR] More FAQs About Lent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bluewater Shopping Centre - Greenwich Mean Time Bluewater Shopping Centre, Greenhithe, Kent UK - Shopping Centre | Greenwich Mean Time [PAR] Bluewater Shopping Centre [PAR] \ud83c\udf10 Pick a country, view the time [PAR] Bluewater Shopping Centre [PAR] Greenhithe, Kent UK [PAR] The Bluewater Shopping Centre is an environment of retail excellence and is now recognised as the real alternative to London's West End and an International location. [PAR] Located in Kent, Bluewater has changed the face of retailing in the UK and has become the benchmark for quality British retailing winning a multitude of awards. [PAR] View Larger Map [PAR] Developed by Lend Lease, the Bluewater philosophy is simple \u2013 to make shopping an enjoyable stress free experience and to treat its customers as guests. [PAR] The Bluewater Shopping Centre has been designed to be a day out destination and offers a choice of shopping and dining with more than 330 retailers including 50 restaurants, caf\u00e9s and bars and extensive leisure activities such as rock climbing, golf, fishing, cycling, boating and cinema. [PAR] The architecture at the Bluewater centre is unique for a shopping environment with a distinctive modern style heavily influenced by English Culture Folklore and the Kentish environment. Artists have produced original pieces for Bluewater including sculptures of each of the craftsman of the medieval guilds and quotations from Keats, Kipling and Shakespeare are inscribed on the walls. [PAR] The destinations three malls are styled like balconied streets and topped with glass-sided dome roofs which let natural light in. Fresh air is brought into the malls through rotating aluminium vents on the roof, a unique design based on traditional Kent Oasthouse roofs. [PAR] Every year 27 million people visit The Bluewater Shopping Centre and the centre consistently trades above the national average in all sectors. [PAR] Bluewater has over 50 acres of picturesque parkland with seven lakes and is home to a range of wildlife that includes kingfishers, swans, cygnets, coots, moorhens, mallards and perch. With more than 1 million trees, shrubs and plants, the parklands formal landscaped gardens merge into the natural flora and fauna of the Kent countryside. [PAR] Bluewater, Europe's largest and most innovative retail and leisure destination opened on March 16, 1999. [PAR] Within its first 12 months of trading Bluewater changed the face of retailing in the UK and became the benchmark for quality British retailing, winning a multitude of international awards including a Millennium Product mark. [PAR] Bluewater has successfully combined retail and leisure to offer a day out destination. Bluewater's average Guest spends around 3 hours at Bluewater, and 98% of Guests surveyed in exit polls say their visit is highly enjoyable. [PAR] The Bluewater Vision [PAR] Extensive consumer research resulted in a triangular design to make shopping easier, with a department store at each corner - John Lewis , Marks & Spencer and House of Fraser - connected by three distinct shopping malls, with retailers grouped together to appeal to different customers. [PAR] The Guild Hall offers carefully selected classic high fashion retail, together with lifestyle stores and gourmet restaurants and caf\u00e9s. The Rose Gallery is family focussed with major high street retailers. [PAR] The Thames Walk offers high street fashions, caf\u00e9s and entertainment. [PAR] The Bluewater philosophy is simple: to make shopping an enjoyable, stress-free experience, to treat its customers as Guests. Trained Hosts are on hand to give a 'helping hand' with shopping and provide information about where to shop, eat and which facilities are available. [PAR] Bluewater's striking architecture and innovative retail design sets it apart from other shopping destinations. Situated in a stunning location"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Zara Phillips to marry rugby star Mike Tindall Zara Phillips to marry rugby star Mike Tindall - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Zara Phillips to marry rugby star Mike Tindall [PAR] 21 December 2010 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption The pair, both world champions in their respective sports, have yet to set a date for the wedding [PAR] The Queen's oldest granddaughter, Zara Phillips, has got engaged to her long-term boyfriend, England rugby union player Mike Tindall. [PAR] Buckingham Palace said Mr Tindall, 32, had proposed on Monday at the couple's Gloucestershire home. [PAR] Miss Phillips, 29, who is 12th in line to the throne, said she was \"shocked\", but \"very happy\"; the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh said they were \"delighted\" by news of the engagement. [PAR] No wedding date has yet been set. [PAR] The announcement comes just weeks after Prince William and Kate Middleton revealed that they were engaged and planned to marry on 29 April 2011. [PAR] BBC correspondent Nicholas Witchell said as public attention focused on the prince's wedding, that of his cousin and Mr Tindall was likely to be a largely private event. [PAR] He added: \"Zara is not a working member of the Royal Family and has been able to live her life with a considerable amount of freedom. [PAR] 'Rebellious streak' [PAR] \"There has been a rebellious streak, with her infamous tongue stud, but Mike Tindall has been a steadying influence on Zara.\" [PAR] Miss Phillips and Mr Tindall met during England's Rugby World Cup-winning campaign in Australia in 2003. [PAR] He also plays for Premiership side Gloucester and was named club captain for the 2010/11 season in August. [PAR] Image caption Mike Tindall proposed at the couple's Gloucestershire home on Monday [PAR] In a statement, he said: \"I am delighted that Zara has agreed to marry me. We are both very excited about the next stage of our lives together.\" [PAR] His bride-to-be added: \"I was really shocked when Mike proposed but I am very happy.\" [PAR] Miss Phillips has achieved sporting success in her own right, winning individual gold in three-day eventing at the World Equestrian Games in Germany in 2006. [PAR] The title helped her become BBC Sports Personality of the Year later that year, following in the footsteps of her mother, Princess Anne, who won the award in 1971. [PAR] Clarence House issued a statement on behalf of the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cornwall, Prince William and Prince Harry. [PAR] It said: \"Their royal highnesses are delighted with the news and look forward to conveying their best wishes to the couple.\"[DOC] [TLE] Rugby helped me bond with Royal family - Mike Tindall ... Rugby helped me bond with Royal family - Mike Tindall - BBC News [PAR] Rugby helped me bond with Royal family - Mike Tindall [PAR] 25 July 2011 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Mike Tindall and Zara Phillips are due to get married in Edinburgh on Saturday [PAR] Rugby player Mike Tindall has said the sport helped bring him closer to wife-to-be Zara Phillips' \"normal family\". [PAR] The England star is due to marry the Princess Royal's daughter in Edinburgh on Saturday, in a ceremony attended by the Queen and Prince Philip. [PAR] Tindall, 32, said he had known Zara's mother through her involvement with Scottish rugby and had also played against Zara's brother, Peter. [PAR] \"They're good, fun people... a normal family\", he told the Reader's Digest. [PAR] \"I've been on the edge of their world all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What breed of dog is Marmaduke? | Reference.com What breed of dog is Marmaduke? | Reference.com [PAR] What breed of dog is Marmaduke? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Marmaduke, the family dog of the Winslow family in the comic strip bearing his name, is a Great Dane. Marmaduke is an important part of the humor in the comic strip and exhibits many characteristics that are not typical of dogs. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The comic strip was adapted into a major motion picture in 2010. The movie was live action, and the dog used to play Marmaduke was a Great Dane voiced by Owen Wilson. In the movie, the Winslow family packs up and moves from Kansas to California, and what follows are the crazy antics of Marmaduke adjusting to life in Orange County, Calif."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WashingtonPost.com: Nixon Tells Editors, 'I'm Not a Crook WashingtonPost.com: Nixon Tells Editors, 'I'm Not a Crook [PAR] Nixon Tells Editors, 'I'm Not a Crook' [PAR] By Carroll Kilpatrick [PAR] Washington Post Staff Writer [PAR] Sunday, November 18, 1973; Page A01 [PAR] Orlando, Fla, Nov. 17 -- Declaring that \"I am not a crook,\" President Nixon vigorously defended his record in the Watergate case tonight and said he had never profited from his public service. [PAR] \"I have earned every cent. And in all of my years of public life I have never obstructed justice,\" Mr. Nixon said. [PAR] \"People have got to know whether or not their President is a crook. Well, I'm not a crook. I've earned everything I've got.\" [PAR] In an hour-long televised question-and-answer session with 400 Associated Press managing editors, Mr. Nixon was tense and sometimes misspoke. But he maintained his innocence in the Watergate case and promised to supply more details on his personal finances and more evidence from tapes and presidential documents. [PAR] The President was loquacious in his answers and at the end solicited a question on the charges that the administration raised milk support prices in exchange for campaign contributions from the milk lobby. [PAR] Denying the charge, the President said Democrats led the fight in the House and Senate for higher support prices and pointed a gun at his head requiring him to boost support prices. [PAR] The President acknowledged that he had \"made a mistake\" in not more closely supervising campaign activities. In a question on what he may do after he leaves office, he quipped that it depended on when he left. [PAR] Then, becoming serious, he said that he would write but not speak, practice law or serve on boards of directors. One thing he will do is work for new rules of campaign procedures. He said he did not want to be remembered as a President who did many things but let his own campaign get out of hand. [PAR] Mr. Nixon acknowledged under questioning that he paid only nominal income taxes in 1970 and 1971 but he did not give figures. He also said that his brother Donald's phone was tapped for unexplained security reasons. [PAR] Discussing energy conservation, Mr. Nixon drew laughter when he said that he had made a saving by refusing to allow a back-up aircraft to follow him on this trip. [PAR] \"If this one goes down,\" he said in reference to his Air Force plane, \"they don't have to impeach.\" [PAR] While the President was nervous, he was not floored by any of the questions but answered them much as he does in any press conference. [PAR] He flew here tonight from his Key Biscayne, Fla., home for the much-heralded question-and-answer period. He was well prepared, remembering dates and times when he held key meetings with various aides on Watergate matters. [PAR] Summing up, he declared that the White House tape recordings would prove that he had no prior knowledge of the Watergate break-in, that he never offered executive clemency for the Watergate burglars, and in fact turned it down when it was suggested, and had no knowledge until March 21, 1973, of proposals that blackmail money be paid a convicted Watergate conspirator. [PAR] Regarding the June 20, 1972, brief telephone conversation with former Attorney General John N. Mitchell, Mr. Nixon said no tape was made because the call was from the family quarters in the White House. He said he called to cheer up Mitchell because Mitchell was chagrined because he had not properly controlled those under him"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Magere Brug in Amsterdam - the Skinny Bridge Magere Brug in Amsterdam - the Skinny Bridge [PAR] Magere Brug (Skinny Bridge) in Amsterdam [PAR] [PAR] Amsterdam is truly a water city and has over 1,250 bridges - the most well known being the Magere Brug, literally translated as the \"Skinny Bridge\". [PAR] Spanning the river Amstel and connecting Kerkstraat with Nieuwe Kerkstraat, this wooden drawbridge is a popular sight for visitors... [PAR] A bridge was first built here way back in 1691 - the Kerkstraatbrug was said to be so narrow the locals named it the skinny bridge. Legend has it that the bridge was built by 2 sisters who lived on opposite sides of the river. The bridge was completely rebuilt in 1871 and again in 1934 - with the last major renovation in 1969. [PAR] Today only pedestrians and bicycles are allowed to cross. It provides a nice spot to take in sweeping views of the Amstel river with the Carr\u00e9 Theatre close by. [PAR] Whilst the glass-topped rondvaart boats can pass underneath, the central drawbridge section is raised regularly to allow bigger boats to pass through. At night the bridge is lit up by more than a thousand light bulbs, making it a charming spot for couples and visitors. [PAR] The bridge was also featured in the 1971 film Diamonds are Forever where James Bond (Sean Connery) visits Amsterdam. [PAR] The Magere Brug is located on the Amstel river between Keizersgracht and Prinsengracht. [PAR] Magere Brug (Amsterdam Bridge No. 242, Amstel) [PAR] Are you looking for a convenient hotel near the Skinny Bridge in Amsterdam? Please click here to search at Booking.com which offers guaranteed low rates, unbiased reviews and no booking fees."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cavaliers: The English Civil War - Sir Clisto Cavaliers: The English Civil War [PAR] Doublet or Buff Coat [PAR] The English Civil War [PAR] Perhaps there has never been a time in history where there hasn't been some conflict between the concept of a monarchy versus the concept of a republic. England has certainly been no exception to that rule. In England, the most explosive example of this conflict took place in the 17th century - and a war that tore the country in half: The English Civil War. [PAR] So it is here that we find the most literal examples of the name Cavalier. Put simply, Cavaliers were the supporters of Charles I and the monarch (supporters were also known as Loyalists). Opposing the Cavaliers were the Parliamentarians, or 'roundheads' [PAR] Charles I [PAR] From the time Charles I became king in 1625, numerous power struggles ensued. For 11 years, Charles I had ruled alone (after dissolving Parliament). He hardly created many friends when he married a Catholic Princess and increased taxes on his people to support unwanted wars. When he later recalled Parliament in 1640, he requested money to put down a rebellion in Scotland. When he didn't get the response he wanted, he had five of his opponents arrested. This triggered the first civil war. Sympathizers with the monarchy were called Royalists, or Cavaliers (imagine that). Those against the Royalists were the Puritans, or \"Roundheads.\" The first civil war started in 1642 and ended in 1646. Despite Charles I's initial advantage, in the end, Parliament had the money to maintain a professional army and therefore prevailed. Charles I was imprisoned in 1645 from where he would plan a second attack with the help of the Scottish. This second civil war led to a decisive defeat for the Royalists and Charles I was executed in 1649 for treason. Charles I accepted his penalty with dignity and this would later help to restore his son to the throne. [PAR] For a short time Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan, emerged to try to manage the disorganized and ineffective Parliament. Cromwell had recruited and trained in the Parliament's New Model Army. During this time he ruled as what was to be called the \"Lord Protector.\" Unfortunately for Cromwell, he didn't have any further control over Parliament than did his ill-fated predecessor. Cromwell was forced to rule through his generals rather than Parliament. When he died in 1658, his ineffectual son took over as ruler. Within 2 years, England and Parliament wanted the monarchy back. And so opened the door for the exiled Charles II."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What musical instrument did Sherlock Holmes play ... What musical instrument did Sherlock Holmes play? | Reference.com [PAR] What musical instrument did Sherlock Holmes play? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Sherlock Holmes, a fictional character created by author Sir Aurthur Conan Doyle, played the violin. Holmes was a detective known for his astute skills of observation and the ability to solve difficult cases. He is the main character in four novels and fifty-six short stories [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] All but four of the Sherlock Holmes stories were narrated by Holmes' friend and biographer, Dr. John Watson. In Conan Doyle's first Sherlock story, \"A Study in Scarlet,\" Watson made a list of skills and assessed Holmes' ability in various areas. It was in this list that Watson stated that Sherlock Holmes played the violin well.[DOC] [TLE] Sherlock Holmes and classical music: 10 musical facts ... Sherlock Holmes and classical music: 10 musical facts about the great detective - Classic FM [PAR] Classic FM [PAR] Sherlock Holmes and classical music: 10 musical facts about the great detective [PAR] 13 October 2014, 10:34 [PAR] Sherlock Holmes was a Stradivarius-playing violinist who loved opera. Here are 10 musical facts as told by Holmes's sidekick, Dr. Watson. Listen to Tim Lihoreau at 6am for his Friday Five a Day: five pieces with a Holmesian theme... [PAR] 1 A night at the opera [PAR] Having solved The Adventure of the Red Circle, Holmes and Watson rush to a Wagner night at Covent Garden. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] 2 A preference for German music [PAR] In The Red-Headed League, Holmes tells Watson he prefers German music to French or Italian. Holmes attends a concert of German works given by Pablo de Sarasate (pictured) at St. James\u2019s Hall. \u201cIt is introspective, and I want to instrospect.\u201d Holmes says. [PAR] 3 A remarkable violinist [PAR] In A Study in Scarlet, Dr. Watson describes Holmes\u2019s skill on the violin as \u201cvery remarkable, but as eccentric as all his other accomplishments. That he could play pieces, and difficult pieces, I knew well, because at my request he has played me some of Mendelssohn \u2019s Lieder and other favourites.\u201d [PAR] 4 A record collector [PAR] In the story The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone, Holmes fools his enemies into thinking he was playing the Barcarolle from The Tales of Hoffman by Offenbach on the violin, when he\u2019s actually playing them a gramophone recording. [PAR] [PAR] 5 A fan of Paganini\u2026 [PAR] In The Adventure of the Cardboard Box, Dr. Watson reports how, over a bottle of claret, Holmes told \u201canecdote after anecdote\u201d about the extraordinary violin virtuoso, Paganini . [PAR] [PAR] 6 \u2026 and his female counterpart [PAR] In A Study in Scarlet, Holmes attends a concert performed by the Hall\u00e9 Orchestra , featuring the Austrian violinist Wilhelmine \u201cWilma\u201d Norman-Neruda, who was known as 'the female Paganini '. \u201cIt was magnificent,\u201d Holmes later tells Watson. A few months after the publication of A Study in Scarlet, Wilma Norman-Neruda married the conductor Charles Hall\u00e9. [PAR] [PAR] 7 The last word on Lassus [PAR] In The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans, Holmes is said to be composing a monograph about the polyphonic motets of the Dutch Renaissance composer, Lassus . Watson writes that the book has \u201csince been printed for private circulation, and is said by experts to be the last word on the subject.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] 8 Sherlock\u2019s Strad [PAR] Sherlock Holmes purchased his own Stradivarius, which was worth at least 500 guineas, for 45 shillings at a pawnbroker\u2019s shop in London's Tottenham Court Road. [PAR] [PAR] 9 Outwitted by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When You're Strange | tribute-band.com - tribute band ... When You're Strange | tribute-band.com - tribute band directory for tribute bands [PAR] When You're Strange [PAR] See map: Google Maps [PAR] While other Doors tribute artists strive to recapture the studio recording sound, 'When You're Strange' captures the Doors for what they really were- a live rock 'n roll band unafraid of jumping off the rehearsed and into the unknown, remininsce of the jazz and blues worlds of improvisation, spontaneity, and rawness. The 'Flower Power' years are behind, Jim is the elder of the tribe, Jimbo the mammal bluesman, the shaman in the ring of fire. A night with the Doors was a night where anything could appen; \"that's what a rock 'n roll band's for\". Join 'When You're Strange', the ceremony is about to begin."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dorchester Heights - Boston National Historical Park (U.S ... Dorchester Heights - Boston National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Dorchester Heights [PAR] Dorchester Heights [PAR] Driving the British from Boston had required months of grueling work on the part of colonists in New York and Massachusetts Bay. In November of 1775, Washington had dispatched Bostonian Henry Knox to retrieve badly needed cannon from Fort Ticonderoga, New York. Teamsters with eighty yoke of oxen made the three hundred mile journey, bringing 59 cannon for the colonial army then encircling Boston. Once they neared the city, the rebels faced a new challenge. How would they roll the guns into place without tipping their hand to the British? On the night of March 4, 1776, colonial militia and local volunteers stealthily fortified the summit of Dorchester Heights. [PAR] Wrapping their wagon wheels with straw to deaden the sound, they moved the cannon from Roxbury and entrenched them on these hills south of Boston. British General Howe planned an attack, but a violent storm prevented his soldiers from landing. Within a few days, Howe, his troops, and a thousand colonial loyalists set sail for Nova Scotia, abandoning the city to Washington's forces and its jubilant citizens. The army improved the fortifications and again stationed troops on Dorchester Heights during the War of 1812. After 1814, however, the twin hills declined in military importance. [PAR] Since Boston had annexed Dorchester Neck in 1804, developers eyed the Heights as a source of raw material for the expanding city. During the second half of the nineteenth century the hills of South Boston underwent the same excavation that lowered Mount Vernon and Pemberton and Beacon Hills, the \"tri-mountains\" of the Boston peninsula. In 1898, the General Court of Massachusetts commissioned a monument to stand on the remaining hill of the Heights. Designed by the architectural firm of Peabody and Stearns, the white marble Georgian revival tower commemorates the 1776 victory. In 1966 the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service added Dorchester Heights to the National Register of Historic Places. Twelve years later the National Parks and Recreation Act authorized the City of Boston to transfer the site to the National Park Service. At that time, it joined the eight other sites which comprise Boston National Historical Park, established in 1974. [PAR] Dorchester Heights adds a valuable dimension to the Park. Its historical significance and the development of the surrounding community vividly reflect the history and growth of the city of Boston. With the fortification of its summit in 1776, Dorchester Heights contributed significantly to one of Boston's major victories and demonstrated the integral connection between the Boston peninsula and her neighboring community. The annexation of Dorchester Neck to Boston in 1804 strengthened that link. Building and landfilling operations cemented the tie by facilitating travel between the two areas."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame [PAR] Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss [PAR] 2006 [PAR] Sign up for E-news [PAR] Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss founded A&M Records, one of the most successful independent labels of the rock and roll era. [PAR] Over the decades a number of independents changed music history - including Sun, Asylum, Chrysalis, Island, Stiff, I.R.S., Arista, Geffen and A&M. The last of these had one of the longest runs of all, functioning as an independent label from 1962 to 1989 and lasting ten more years, after Alpert and Moss sold it, under the corporate aegis of PolyGram and Universal. [PAR] The company began in Alpert\u2019s garage as Carnival Records, releasing two singles in 1962. After learning that another record company had \u201cCarnival\u201d in its name, the pair rechristened their label A&M, using the first initials of their surnames. [PAR] \u201cWe had a desk, piano, piano stool, a couch, coffee table and two phone lines,\u201d Moss recalled of the early days in Alpert\u2019s garage office. The familiar label logo was light brown with a trumpet beneath the letters \u201cA&M.\u201d The first release was \u201cThe Lonely Bull,\u201d by trumpet player Alpert himself. For the first few years, A&M served as an outlet for the mariachi- and Brazilian-flavored pop-jazz recordings of Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass, the Baha Marimba Band, and Sergio Mendes and Brazil \u201966. They also dabbled in softer-sounding pop and folk acts like the Sandpipers, Chris Montez and We Five. [PAR] Several key hires were made at A&M in 1964 and 1965, including engineer Larry Levine, general manager Gil Friesen, and A&R director Tommy LiPuma. All would have great impact in the music industry in general and at A&M in particular. [PAR] In 1966 Alpert and Moss moved their company to the historic Charlie Chaplin Studio, at the corner of Sunset and La Brea Boulevards in Hollywood, where it remained until 1999. A&M began acquiring more rock-oriented performers in the late Sixties. These included such British blues-rock acts as Joe Cocker, Free, Humble Pie and Spooky Tooth, not to mention pioneering American country-rockers the Flying Burrito Brothers. On the American side, keyboardist Lee Michaels and folksinger Phil Ochs signed to A&M. In the early Seventies, A&M struck gold with Cat Stevens, the Carpenters and Carole King (who was signed to the A&M-distributed Ode label). In terms of jazz and R&B, A&M did well with Billy Preston and Quincy Jones. In the mid-Seventies, the label had great success with such arena-rock acts as Styx, Supertramp, Nazareth and Peter Frampton. The double live album Frampton Comes Alive became one of the top sellers of the rock and roll era. A&M even sold great numbers of comedy albums by the duo Cheech & Chong. [PAR] It should be pointed out that even though Alpert and Moss are being inducted as nonperformers, Alpert himself has been a prolific musician and recording artist. Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass are inarguably one of the most popular acts of all time. Seemingly every suburban household owned at least a few Herb Alpert albums in the Sixties. Their albums Going Places and Whipped Cream & Other Delights each hit Number One, hung on the charts for over three years, and became A&M\u2019s first gold albums. In 1966, Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass held down the Number One spot on Billboard\u2019s album chart for eighteen weeks - more than any other act, including the Beatles. Alpert ultimately released more than thirty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Play Chess: Rules & Basics - Chess.com How to Play Chess: Rules and Basics - Chess.com [PAR] Chess.com [PAR] Forums [PAR] Learn to Play Chess [PAR] It's never too late to learn how to play chess - the most popular game in the world! If you are totally new to the game or even want to learn all of the rules and strategies, read on! [PAR] Getting Better at Chess [PAR] History of Chess [PAR] The origins of chess are not exactly clear, though most believe it evolved from earlier chess-like games played in India almost two thousand years ago.The game of chess we know today has been around since the 15th century where it became popular in Europe. [PAR] The Goal of Chess [PAR] Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king. Checkmate happens when the king is in a position to be captured (in check) and cannot escape from capture. [PAR] Starting a Game [PAR] At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has the white (or light) color square in the bottom right-hand side. The chess pieces are then arranged the same way each time. The second row (or rank) is filled with pawns. The rooks go in the corners, then the knights next to them, followed by the bishops, and finally the queen, who always goes on her own matching color (white queen on white, black queen on black), and the king on the remaining square. [PAR] The player with the white pieces always moves first. Therefore, players generally decide who will get to be white by chance or luck such as flipping a coin or having one player guess the color of the hidden pawn in the other player's hand. White then makes a move, followed by black, then white again, then black and so on until the end of the game. [PAR] How the Pieces Move [PAR] Each of the 6 different kinds of pieces moves differently. Pieces cannot move through other pieces (though the knight can jump over other pieces), and can never move onto a square with one of their own pieces. However, they can be moved to take the place of an opponent's piece which is then captured. Pieces are generally moved into positions where they can capture other pieces (by landing on their square and then replacing them), defend their own pieces in case of capture, or control important squares in the game. [PAR] The King [PAR] The king is the most important piece, but is one of the weakest. The king can only move one square in any direction - up, down, to the sides, and diagonally. Click on the '>' button in the diagram below to see how the king can move around the board. The king may never move himself into check (where he could be captured). [PAR] The Queen [PAR] The queen is the most powerful piece. She can move in any one straight direction - forward, backward, sideways, or diagonally - as far as possible as long as she does not move through any of her own pieces. And, like with all pieces, if the queen captures an opponent's piece her move is over. Click through the diagram below to see how the queens move. Notice how the white queen captures the black"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Man v. Food (Series) - TV Tropes Man v. Food (Series) - TV Tropes [PAR] Man v. Food [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Trivia [PAR] This is actually tame compared to the actual challenges. [PAR] \"I'm Adam Richman- a food fanatic who's held just about every job in the restaurant business. But now, I'm on a mouth-watering mission to find America's greatest pig-out spots , and take on its most legendary eating challenges. [PAR] I'm no competitive eater- just a regular guy with a serious appetite! This is my ultimate hunger quest. This, is Man vs. Food!\" [PAR] \u2014Adam Richman, in the show's intro. [PAR] Man v Food Is an American travelogue show on the Travel Channel. [PAR] Adam Richman, the host, visits a \"City of The Week\" and takes on that city's most famous \"Food Challenge\", often involving a food native to that city. These challenges typically involve one of the following: [PAR] Quantity Challenge: Simply the consumption of extreme quantities of a particular food or, in some challenges, a platter of several kinds of food. [PAR] Spicy Challenges: almost always includes the Habenero chili. Or occasionally the even hotter Bhut Jolokia (AKA \"Ghost Chili\", one of the hottest chilis in the world). [PAR] Rematch Challenge : Grudge Match Challenge, wherein the host attempts challenges very similar to ones that he had previously lost. [PAR] And of course since this is a travelogue show, Act I and, usually, most of Act II are composed of the host visiting other restaurants in the City of the Week. This is done to encourage travel to the City of the Week. Adam goes more in depth on the \"travel\" side on the show's companion web series, A Side Of City. [PAR] Note that the correct name of the show is \"Man v Food\", and not \"Man vs. Food\". [PAR] After three seasons, the show was retooled as Man v. Food Nation and ran for one additional season. In the retool, volunteers take on the challenges rather than Adam, as the large amounts of food and spice were beginning to to take their toll on his health. [PAR] Adam has retired from the show, but has a new show called Best Sandwich in America, where he travels to various regions of the US to determine which of 30 sandwiches is the best in the country. As of August 8, 2012, all of the regional champions have been declared, and the finale to determine the best sandwich aired on August 15th. The winner was the roast pork sandwich from Tommy DiNic's Beef and Pork from Philadelphia. [PAR] Adam was supposed to have a second food related show, titled Man Finds Food as a Spiritual Successor to this series, but it was put on hold after he went on an instagram tirade against an anonymous user and ultimately ran for only one season. However, a second season was picked up. Rebranded Secret Eats with Adam Richman, the focus shifted from him finding secret specialties in the US to finding them around the world. [PAR] Tropes in this show: [PAR] Adorkable : Oh, Adam... [PAR] Arch-Enemy - The ghost chili pepper to Adam. [PAR] Referenced when Adam went to San Antonio and took on the \"Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse\" burger challenge at Chunky's Burgers \u2014 this involved a 1/2 pound burger that contained ALL of the hot peppers of the world, from jalapeno to the ghost chili pepper that he had to eat in 25 minutes (with a 5"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kinds of Roots - Faculty Websites Roots [PAR] Roots [PAR] Kinds of Roots [PAR] [PAR] Taproot system \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a strongly developed main root which grows downwards \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbearing lateral roots much smaller than itself. [PAR] [PAR] In most dicots, the radicle enlarges to form a prominent taproot that persists throughout the life of the plant. [PAR] Many progressively smaller branch roots grow from the taproot. [PAR] This system is called a taproot system; common in dicots and conifers. [PAR] In plants such as carrots and sugar beets, fleshy taproots store large reserves of food, usu. as carbohydrates. [PAR] Taproots are modified for reaching deep water in the ground: e.g. the long taproots of poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron), dandelion (Taraxacum sp.) and mesquite (Prosopis sp.). [PAR] 2.Fibrous root system \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd has several to many roots of the same size that develop from the end of the stem, with smaller lateral roots branching off of them. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] a. Most monocots (including grasses and onions) have a fibrous root system. [PAR] b. In these plants, the radicle is short-lived and is replaced by a mass of adventitious roots (from the Latin, adventicius, meaning \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdnot belonging to\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd), which are roots that form on organs other than roots. Because these roots arise not from preexisting roots, but from the stem, they are said to be adventitious. [PAR] c. The adventitious roots of monocots are very extensive and cling tenaciously to soil particles. These plants are excellent for preventing erosion. [PAR] d. The fibrous root of a few plants are edible \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are the fleshy part of a fibrous root system. [PAR] [PAR] Adventitious roots \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd there are several types of adventitious roots besides those of monocots. [PAR] a. Adventitious roots are common along rhizomes (underground stems) of ferns, club mosses (Lycopodium), and horsetail (Equisetum). [PAR] b. In some plants, adventitious roots are a primary means of vegetative reproduction: forests of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) are often a single clone spread by adventitious roots. Prop roots of mangrove (Rhizophora sp.) are like stilt roots, an adventitious root that grows out from the lower part of a stem into the soil to support the stem, or grows down from a lower branch in to the soil to support that branch (strangler figs). [PAR] c. You might see adventitious roots of ivy (Hedera helix) growing along the stem as it climbs along a fence or into a tree. [PAR] [PAR] Take home point \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Most dicots have a taproot system consisting of a large taproot and smaller branch roots. Taproot systems maximize support and storage. Monocots have a fibrous root system consisting of similarly sized roots that maximize absorption. Adventitious roots are roots that form on organs other than roots. [PAR] [PAR] Functions and structure of roots [PAR] 1. Absorption \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd roots absorb large amounts of water and dissolved minerals (nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates) from the soil. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Anchorage [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd to locate water and minerals, roots permeate the soil. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIn doing so, they anchor the plant in one place for its entire life. [PAR] 3. Storage \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd roots store large amounts of energy reserves, initially produced in the leaves of plants via photosynthesis, and transported in the phloem, as sugar, to the roots for storage, usu as sugar or starch, until they are needed. [PAR] [PAR] Structure and function [PAR] Absorption \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd most water and nutrients are absorbed by roots hairs (in zone of maturation). Root hairs extend the absorptive surface of roots that is in contact with moist soil several thousand-fold. Root hairs are short-lived, single-celled extensions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On This Day - everythingleeds.myfastforum.org On This Day [PAR] halfaperson wrote: [PAR] Quote: [PAR] 1986 The 'Hand of God' football match. England were beaten 2-1 by Argentina in the quarter-finals of the World Cup in Mexico. Both Argentine goals were scored by Diego Maradona - the first with the deliberate use of his hand which went unseen by the referee. It was the first match between the two countries since the Falklands War in 1982. Cheating bastard - I don't care how good a player he was, he'll always be remember for being a cheat. [PAR] Chuff me that was 22 years ago and it seems like last year. That was a sunday night as well wasnt it? Remember it clear as a bell. Actually watched it in a pub that is now my local. Absolutely fuming. Then he goes and scores that brilliant goal. I know he was a cheating pillock ravey but hes still one of the greates players ever. Ive read a couple of books, one by him (ghost written) and one by a an English fella. He sounds an utter shyster to boot. Even in his own words he comes across as a jumped up self important tosser who his own team mates generally despised. [PAR] Aye, 22 years ago - what a pair of old gits we are. And to think there are people at work who weren't even born then who think they can tell me what to do... [PAR] Not denying he was a great player, just saying that despite that he'll be remembered as a cheat. [PAR] A cocaine snorting cheat as well!! raveydavey [PAR] June 23rd: [PAR] 1683 William Penn, the English Quaker, signed a treaty with the Indian chiefs of the Lenni Lenade Tribe in an attempt to ensure peace in his new American colony, Pennsylvania. [PAR] 1757 British troops, commanded by Robert Clive (the legendary Clive of India), won the Battle of Plassey in Bengal - laying the foundations of the British Empire in India. [PAR] 1894 Birth of Edward, Duke of Windsor who was King Edward VIII from 20th January to 10th December 1936 before abdicating to marry twice-divorced Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson. [PAR] 1916: Sir Len Hutton, one of the all-time great England cricketers, was born. He was the first professional captain of the England Test side and his innings of 364 against Australia at The Oval in 1938 stood as a Test record for nearly 20 years. He died in 1990 aged 74. [PAR] 1939 The Government of Eire declared membership of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) to be illegal. [PAR] 1940 The BBC\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Music While You Work programme was first broadcast on radio to brighten up the lives of munitions workers doing boring factory jobs. [PAR] 1951 Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, missing diplomats, fled to the USSR as Russian spies before the British authorities had the opportunity to arrest them for spying. They 'surfaced' in Moscow in 1956. [PAR] 1970 The world\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds first all-metal liner, Brunel\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds 'Great Britain' returned to Bristol from the Falkland Islands where it had lain rusting since 1886. How well engineered is that? Left rusting for nearly 100 years and still in good enough condition to be towed nearly the full length of the Atlantic! Brunel was a bloody genius. More here: http://www.ssgreatbritain.org/Home.aspx [PAR] 1985 A passenger jet disintegrated in mid-air off the coast of Ireland, killing all 329 people on board. [PAR] 1986 Brighton bomber Patrick Magee, found guilty of planting the bomb at the Grand Hotel, Brighton during the Conservative Party Conference in 1983, was jailed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Derelict (Alien) - Annex - Wikia Derelict (Alien) | Annex | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The Derelict is a large, asymmetrical, wishbone -shaped craft, with a thickened central section between the two horns, which bend upwards. It has three large openings near ground level between the two horns, leading into the ship's interior. It is through one of these openings that three of the Nostromo crew members ( Captain Dallas , Navigator Lambert , and Executive Officer Kane ) entered the ship. The interior of the Derelict resembled more a giant beast than a spacegoing vessel, with its skeletal walls, circular gangways and steep passages. (The Xenomorph nest in Aliens implied that the aliens had transformed the ship as they had the terraforming station). [PAR] The Derelict may be a type of bioship from an advanced and ancient race (the Space Jockeys ). It is organic in appearance, and it shows signs of being partially fossilized ; though it is still functional, since it is still sending out an automated radio transmission. The dead Pilot is also fused to the command chair on the ship's bridge equivalent. [PAR] One interesting aspect of the ship is that exactly what part of the ship seen by the Nostromo's crew goes completely unexplained. It would seem to be the bow, or front, because the Space Jockey is apparently the pilot but this is uncertain. The exterior of the ship looks almost like the stern (back-end) of a ship that has hit the ground and buried its nose in the dirt. Whichever theory one chooses to accept will also dictate which backstory the viewer will accept. [PAR] Crew [PAR] Edit [PAR] The fossilized Space Jockey [PAR] In an enormous cockpit room, on a turntable-like structure was a giant alien life form that appeared to have been dead for an extremely long time, since it was fossilized . It appeared to have grown out of its equally enormous chair. It was sitting at a giant telescopic object that pointed upward that is assumed to be the pilot's controls. It also had a huge hole in its chest with bones bent outward, as if something exploded from the inside. [PAR] Very little is known about this long dead organism inside the Derelict, which the Alien production team named Space Jockey . H.R. Giger , designer of the Derelict and the Space Jockey, originally named it simply \"The Pilot\". Lambert of the Nostromo brought up the question of what happened to the rest of the crew on the Derelict, since no remains of any other Space Jockeys were found on board. [PAR] Cargo [PAR] Edit [PAR] Kane, the executive officer, found a large hole near the side of the Space Jockey's \"turntable\". The hole opened out into a pit, apparently burned through by acid. The crewman volunteered to go down and investigate. [PAR] Upon reaching the bottom he discovered that he was inside an enormous cave-like cargo space filled with thousands of \"leathery objects like eggs,\" covered by a thin layer of blue mist that reacted when broken. Ridley Scott states during the Director's Commentary on the Alien Special Edition DVD that the eggs are the cargo of the Space Jockey's ship with the ship being a sort-of war ship designed to carry these biological weapons, or perhaps a science vessel carrying the eggs as cargo for scientific study. [PAR] This room was called \"the egg chamber\" for obvious reasons, and is the scene of the first contact with the Alien organism, when the facehugger bursts out from one of the eggs,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Easter Fruit Cake \u2013 Baking in Pyjamas Easter Fruit Cake \u2013 Baking in Pyjamas [PAR] Follow my blog with Bloglovin [PAR] Fruit cakes are a favourite of mine, I love the comfort of a nice big, chunky wedge of a unfussy cake, laden with fruits, spices and flavour, a perfect partner to accompany a pot of tea. Christmas has its traditional fruit cake slicked with brandy and covered in a rich, thick royal icing. Easter has a fruit cake all of its own too, the Simnel cake. [PAR] This Easter classic is a fruit cake which is topped with a layer of marzipan, it had a layer of marzipan inside then topped with eleven marzipan balls. I was wanting to make a nice celebratory cake for this Spring celebration that wasn\u2019t your usual celebration cake of a layered iced cake or a chocolate laden cake. I see simnel cakes gracing food magazines every Easter so I knew this cake was the next fruit cake to be crossed of my list. [PAR] I flipped through my magazine scrapbook folder and landed on this version with a fresh twist. Pistachio and Orange blossom. I\u2019ve never baked with orange blossom before so I was very excited to try it out. It\u2019s gives the cake an incredibly light fresh flavour, a little floral with light orangey tones. I can\u2019t wait to bake with it again, maybe more towards summer perhaps. [PAR] This fruit cake isn\u2019t as heavy as you usual kind, it only contains two types of dried fruits, sultana\u2019s and currants. I soaked mine in 1 tbsp of brandy for around 15 minutes, this adds a little extra flavour and moistens them up nicely. Simnel cake usually contains mixed peel but seeing as I can\u2019t stand the stuff it\u2019s not gonna get it\u2019s debut in any fruit cake of mine! [PAR] As well as its top layer of marzipan it also has a thin layer on marzipan in the centre of the cake. The gives the cake a lovely added flavour and texture. [PAR] The marzipan isn\u2019t any your normal marzipan it\u2019s pistachio marzipan. It\u2019s quick to make and not as time-consuming as you might think. It takes a matter of minutes. To a large bowl combine ground pistachios, ground almonds, icing sugar, caster sugar, almond extract, lemon juice and a beaten egg. Mix together until it comes together then knead until it\u2019s all come together. Toast the pistachios, this will bring out their flavour tenfold. You\u2019ll need 1/3 of the marzipan for the centre of the cake. Roll it out into a 8 inch circle, cover with clingfilm and set aside. Wrap the remainder of the marzipan up in clingfilm and set aside for later. [PAR] I added more orange zest than was required and discarded the required lemon zest. I wanted to bring more orange to the cake to compliment the orange blossom. Spices are abundant, you can\u2019t have a fruit cake without spice. Cinnamon, ginger and freshly ground nutmeg flavour the cake lightly. All these flavours weave in and out of each other giving you a light and fresh take on a fruit cake. Start it early in the morning as it take up to 2 hours to bake. A low heat is the key when baking fruit cakes, it may take a lot longer to bake than other cakes but if you bake it too fast it will come out dry as a boot. [PAR] The cake is a simple creaming method for its base. Cream the butter, sugar and your orange zest until light and fluffy."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Once per Episode - TV Tropes Once per Episode - TV Tropes [PAR] Once per Episode [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] \u2014 Kronk (reacting to a Running Gag ), The Emperor's New School [PAR] A relative of the Running Gag . This is an event that, instead of happening several times in one episode, happens one time in just about every episode of a show. [PAR] There is an entire genre of jokes that exists to take advantage of this trope: \"Remember that one episode of _____ where...\". For example: Remember that one episode of Gilligan's Island where they almost escape from the island, but Gilligan screws it up ? [PAR] Compare Signature Style . If it happens at the end of an episode, it's Every Episode Ending . If everything is like this, it is Strictly Formula . [PAR] Also compare Once a Season , where a certain plotline or character story gets a yearly invite. May also overlap with Different in Every Episode if the series follows a specific formula for its references and plots. [PAR] Examples [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Anime and Manga [PAR] Kanon : Ayu runs into Yuuichi, literally or not , in every episode except for the ends of the other girls' arcs. [PAR] Trigun features a cat skittering across the screen every episode, some times more obviously than others. Said cat is named Kuroneko-sama (\"Lady Black Cat\"), and was actually the first character designed for the series. [PAR] Tokyo Mew Mew : Magical Girls have to transform once an episode, but in Tokyo Mew Mew, it got bad enough to be an in-joke with fans \u2014 hey, there aren't even monsters around! What's Mew Ichigo doing exactly? [PAR] Nishizawa of Hayate the Combat Butler eats something while (after her introduction in episode 12) thinking wistfully of Hayate. (She still appears doing it even before her official introduction.) [PAR] The Mazinger saga: [PAR] Mazinger Z : Every episode Kouji shouted \"Pilder On!\" and \"Mazin Go!\" to dock in its Humongous Mecha and activate it. In some episodes he shouted it even more times if he had to sortie often. [PAR] Great Mazinger : In the same way and with the same purpose, Tetsuya shouted \"Brain Condor!\" and \"Mazin Go\". And Jun shouted \"Queen Star On! Venus Go!\" every episode after the third one. [PAR] UFO Robo Grendizer : Every episode Daisuke jumped from a hatch and shouted \"DUKE FLEED!\" -his real name- to morph his clothes into his Latex Space Suit , and \"Dizer Go!\" to start Grendizer. [PAR] The Robot Romance Trilogy : [PAR] Combattler V : To combine their vehicles -needless to say, it happened every episode-, the team yelled \"Let's combine\", and if they were ready to combine correctly, Ropetto authorized the combination repeating: \"Combine OK\". And then you have the Finishing Move (\"Choudenji Tatsumaki\" and \"Choudenji Spin\") that were used every episode. [PAR] Voltes V : Again, the Five-Man Band every episode yelled \"Let's Volt In!\" to combine in Voltes-V. And every episode they killed the Monster of the Week with the V-Slash . [PAR] Daimos : Every episode, to transform and activate Daimos, Kazuya yelled \"Daimos, Battle Turn!\", -pretty uselessly- as performing a kata with his arms. [PAR] Science Ninja Team Gatchaman : Once every episode all team members screamed: \"Transformation\" (or, if you watch the Spanish dubbing, \"Mutaci\u00f3n\", that is not an accurate translation -mutaci\u00f3n=mutation- but sounds even cooler)\" to change their civilian clothes into their super-hero costumes. [PAR] Serial Experiments"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wire: The Complete Series - amazon.com Amazon.com: The Wire: The Complete Series: Various: Movies & TV [PAR] Ad feedback [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Save Big On Open-Box & Pre-owned: Buy \"The Wire: The Complete Series\u00e2\u0080\u009d from Amazon Warehouse Deals and save 65% off the $199.95 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all Open-Box & Pre-owned offers from Amazon Warehouse Deals. [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Product Description [PAR] In the projects. On the docks. In City Hall. In the schools. In the media. The places and faces have changed, but the game remains the same. [PAR] Review [PAR] The Wire: The Complete First Season [PAR] After one episode of The Wire you'll be hooked. After three, you'll be astonished by the precision of its storytelling. After viewing all 13 episodes of the HBO series' remarkable first season, you'll be cheering a bona-fide American masterpiece. Series creator David Simon was a veteran crime reporter from The Baltimore Sun who cowrote the book that inspired TV's Homicide , and cowriter Ed Burns was a Baltimore cop, lending impeccable street-cred to an inner-city Baltimore saga (and companion piece to The Corner ) that Simon aptly describes as \"a visual novel\" and \"a treatise on institutions and individuals\" as opposed to a conventional good-vs.-evil police procedural. Owing a creative debt to the novels of Richard Price (especially Clockers), the series opens as maverick Detective Jimmy McNulty (Dominic West, in a star-making role) is tapping into a vast network of drugs and death around southwest Baltimore's deteriorating housing projects. With a mandate to get results ASAP, a haphazard team is assembled to join McNulty's increasingly complex investigation, built upon countless hours of electronic surveillance. [PAR] The show's split-perspective plotting is so richly layered, so breathtakingly authentic and based on finely drawn characters brought to life by a perfect ensemble cast, that it defies concise description. Simon, Burns, and their cowriters control every intricate aspect of the unfolding epic; directors are top-drawer (including Clark Johnson, helmer of The Shield's finest episodes), but they are servants to the story, resulting in a TV series like no other: unpredictable, complicated, and demanding the viewer's rapt attention, The Wire is \"an angry show\" (in Simon's words) that refuses to comfort with easy answers to deep-rooted societal problems. Moral gray zones proliferate in a universe where ruthless killers have a logical code, and where the cops are just as ambiguous as their targets. That ambiguity extends to the ending as well; season 1 leaves several issues unresolved, leaving you begging for the even more impressive developments that await in season 2. --Jeff Shannon [PAR] The Wire: The Complete Second Season [PAR] It hardly seems possible, but The Wire's second season is even better than the first . The \"visual novel\" concept of this masterful HBO series is taken even further in a rich, labyrinthine plot revolving around the longshoremen of Baltimore's struggling cargo docks, where corruption, smuggling, and murder draw the attention of detective McNulty (Dominic West). What follows is a series of events which at first seem unrelated (including 13 bodies found in a cargo container), and then the ongoing effort to topple the drug empire of \"Stringer\" Bell (Idris Elba) and the imprisoned Avon Barksdale (Wood Harris), whose business is suffering from short supply, high demand, and disruption of distribution. The dutiful diligence of a Marine Police Patrol Officer and the moral outrage of the longshoremen's union leader are also factored into the suspicious goings-on at the loading docks, and what unfolds in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tear Duct Anatomy - WebMD Tear Duct Anatomy [PAR] Tear Duct Anatomy [PAR] Tear Duct Anatomy [PAR] When the eye blinks, the lid pushes the tears across the eye into the drains (puncta) at the inner corner. The drains empty into channels (canaliculi) that connect the eye with the nose. The channels drain into a tear sac (lacrimal sac) that lies beside the nose. The sac narrows into the tear duct (lacrimal duct), which drains through the nasal bone into the nostril. [PAR] Credits [PAR] Primary Medical ReviewerJohn Pope, MD - Pediatrics [PAR] Specialist Medical ReviewerChristopher J. Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC - Ophthalmology [PAR] Current as ofNovember 20, 2015 [PAR] WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise [PAR] This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.\u00a9 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. [PAR] Top Picks[DOC] [TLE] Anatomy of the Eye Anatomy of the Eye | [PAR] Anatomy Flashcards [PAR] Before discussing conditions affecting the eye, we need to review some basic eye anatomy. Anatomy can be painful for some (personally, I hated anatomy in medical school) so I\u2019m going to keep this simple. Let us start from the outside and work our way toward the back of the eye. [PAR] Eyelids [PAR] The eyelids protect and help lubricate the eyes. The eyelid skin itself is very thin, containing no subcutaneous fat, and is supported by a tarsal plate. This tarsal plate is a fibrous layer that gives the lids shape, strength, and a place for muscles to attach. [PAR] Underneath and within the tarsal plate lie meibomian glands. These glands secrete oil into the tear film that keeps the tears from evaporating too quickly. Meibomian glands may become inflamed and swell into a granulomatous chalazion that needs to be excised. Don\u2019t confuse a chalazion with a stye. A stye is a pimple-like infection of a sebaceous gland or eyelash follicle, similar to a pimple, and is superficial to the tarsal plate. Styes are painful, while chalazions are not. [PAR] Eyelid Movement [PAR] Two muscles are responsible for eyelid movement. The orbicularis oculi closes the eyelids and is innervated by cranial nerve 7. Patients with a facial nerve paralyses, such as after Bell\u2019s Palsy, can\u2019t close their eye and the eye may need to be patched (or sutured closed) to protect the cornea. The levator palpebrae opens the eye and is innervated by CN3. Oculomotor nerve palsy is the major cause of ptosis (drooping of the eye). In fact, a common surgical treatment for ptosis involves shortening the levator tendon to open up the eye. [PAR] CN 3 opens the eye like a pillar [PAR] CN 7 closes like a fish-hook [PAR] Conjunctiva [PAR] The conjunctiva is a mucus membrane that covers the front of the eyeball. When you examine the \u201cwhite part\u201d of a patient\u2019s eyes, you\u2019re actually looking through the semi-transparent conjunctiva to the white sclera of the eyeball underneath. The conjunctiva starts at the edge of the cornea (this location is called the limbus). It then flows back behind the eye, loops forward, and forms the inside surface of the eyelids. The continuity of this conjunctiva is important, as it keeps objects like eyelashes and your contact lens from sliding back behind your eyeball. The conjunctiva is also lax enough to allow your eyes to freely move. When people get conjunctivitis, or \u201cpink eye,\u201d this is the tissue layer affected. [PAR] There is a thickened fold of conjunctiva called"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beverages> Soda Pop > Graphe Nehi (M*A*S*H) - TV Acres TV ACRES: Food > Beverages> Soda Pop > Graphe Nehi (M*A*S*H) [PAR] [PAR] Soda Pop (Carbonated Drinks) [PAR] Grape Nehi Soda - Favorite drink of Corporal Walter \"Radar\" O'Reilly, the naive company clerk on the military sitcom M*A*S*H/CBS/1972-83. When he visited the officer's lounge or Rosie's bar, Grape Nehi was his beverage of choice. Grape soda was also the favorite drink of Atlanta-based lawyer, Ben Matlock (Andy Griffith) who enjoyed \"washing down\" a hot dog snack with a cool, bubbly bottle of grape soda on episodes of the legal drama MATLOCK/NBC/ABC/1986-95 [PAR] TRIVIA NOTE: On the military sitcom M*A*S*H/CBS/1972-83 Colonel Potter (Harry Morgan) was allergic to tomato juice. He'd get blotchy all over if he drank it. [PAR] External Links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The top ten racecourses to visit in the United Kingdom ... The top ten racecourses to visit in the United Kingdom - The best racecourse, including Cheltenham, Ascot, Aintree, Newmarket, Sandown, York, Goodwood, Epsom, Doncaster and Hamilton - CheltenhamFestival.net [PAR] The top ten racecourses to visit in the United Kingdom [PAR] The top ten racecourses to visit in the United Kingdom [PAR] Cheltenham Festival Staff in Cheltenham Experience 7 Oct 2015 [PAR] 56 shares [PAR] Share [PAR] We take a look at the top ten racecourses in the UK. [PAR] We take a look at the top ten racecourses in the United Kingdom and let you know what makes them so special. [PAR] There are sixty registered Flat and National Hunt racecourses across the United Kingdom, each offering tremendous racing festivities in picturesque surroundings - from Cheltenham racecourse, the home of english jump racing to the glitz and glamour of Ascot, the venue of the Royal meeting. [PAR] We have compiled a list of the top ten racecourses to visit in the United Kingdom: [PAR] 1 - Cheltenham Racecourse - http://cheltenham.thejockeyclub.co.uk/ [PAR] Located at Prestbury Park, in Gloucestershire, Cheltenham racecourse plays host to the best jumping action in the world. [PAR] Set amongst 350 acres in the lee of the Cotswold hills, Cheltenham is a must-visit venue for any National Hunt fan, particularly in March for the world renowned four-day Cheltenham Festival. [PAR] The Festival, or as it\u2019s better known, the \u2018Greatest Show on Turf\u2019 is a spectacular meeting held each year in spring, in which racing fans from around the globe congregate to watch the finest star performers of the National Hunt sphere compete in absorbing battles. [PAR] 28 races are staged across four days of absorbing racing, each with a dazzling main event. The Champion Hurdle is the feature contest on day one of the meeting, a race that has showcased hurdling giants such as Persian War, Istabraq and in recent seasons, Hurricane Fly and Faugheen. [PAR] The Queen Mother Champion Chase is a sight to behold on Ladies Day at the Festival, the World Hurdle is the feature race on day three, while the blue riband Gold Cup brings the meeting to a crescendo on day four, and is the most prestigious of all National Hunt races. [PAR] Travel to Cheltenham: [PAR] By Car - The course is a mile from Cheltenham town centre. Take the A40 or M5 to Cheltenham and follow the AA signs to the course. [PAR] By Train - Cheltenham Spa station links with a bus service direct to the racecourse. [PAR] 2 - Ascot Racecourse - https://www.ascot.co.uk/ [PAR] Ascot is not only a leading racecourse on the international stage, but is synonymous with quality and excellence. If you seek unparalleled racing and a memorable day out, the Berkshire venue is the place to visit. [PAR] Ascot is the home to nine of the 32 annual UK-wide Group 1 races, including the King Stand Stakes, the Prince Of Wales\u2019s Stakes, the Golden Jubilee Stakes, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, and the iconic Ascot Gold Cup. [PAR] The unquestionable highlight of the year is Royal Ascot in June with five days of tradition, pageantry and style, in which The Queen attends annually. [PAR] Outside of the Royal meeting, Ascot hosts a number of prestigious National Hunt events, like the Long Walk Hurdle, the Victor Chandler Chase and the Ascot Chase. [PAR] Travel to Ascot: [PAR] By Car - Ascot Racecourse is situated approximately 45 minutes from London by car and easily accessible from the M3, M4 and M25. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Time changes in year 2016 for United Kingdom \u2013 England ... Time changes in year 2017 for United Kingdom \u2013 England \u2013 London [PAR] Mar 26, 2017 - Daylight Saving Time Starts [PAR] When local standard time is about to reach [PAR] Sunday, March 26, 2017, 1:00:00 am clocks are turned forward 1 hour to [PAR] Sunday, March 26, 2017, 2:00:00 am local daylight time instead [PAR] Sunrise and sunset will be about 1 hour later on Mar 26, 2017 than the day before. There will be more light in the evening ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fifty Shades of Grey : E L James - The Book Depository Fifty Shades of Grey : E L James : 9780345803481 [PAR] Fifty Shades of Grey [PAR] US$9.55 US$15.95 You save US$6.40 [PAR] Free delivery worldwide [PAR] Add to basket Add to wishlist [PAR] Description [PAR] When literature student Anastasia Steele goes to interview young entrepreneur Christian Grey, she encounters a man who is beautiful, brilliant, and intimidating. The unworldly, innocent Ana is startled to realize she wants this man and, despite his enigmatic reserve, finds she is desperate to get close to him. Unable to resist Ana's quiet beauty, wit, and independent spirit, Grey admits he wants her, too--but on his own terms. Shocked yet thrilled by Grey's singular erotic tastes, Ana hesitates. For all the trappings of success--his multinational businesses, his vast wealth, his loving family--Grey is a man tormented by demons and consumed by the need to control. When the couple embarks on a daring, passionately physical affair, Ana discovers Christian Grey's secrets and explores her own dark desires. Erotic, amusing, and deeply moving, the Fifty Shades Trilogy is a tale that will obsess you, possess you, and stay with you forever. show more [PAR] Product details [PAR] 127 x 201 x 25mm | 372g [PAR] Publication date [PAR] Adult & Contemporary Romance [PAR] About E L James [PAR] E L James is a former TV executive, wife and mother of two based in West London. Since early childhood she dreamed of writing stories that readers would fall in love with, but put those dreams on hold to focus on her family and her career. She finally plucked up the courage to put pen to paper with her first novel, \"Fifty Shades of Grey.\" show more [PAR] Review quote [PAR] A GoodReads Choice Awards Finalist for Best Romance `In a class by itself.` --`Entertainment Weekly` show more [PAR] Review Text [PAR] A GoodReads Choice Awards Finalist for Best Romance \"In a class by itself.\" - Entertainment Weekly show more [PAR] Customer reviews [PAR] It's pretty good if you like super dominoring men but Fifty Shades of Grey Christian Grey is not that dominant in my book. He's like, the baby low class dom. The story is ok but I still cried a lot reading this. It's not all Kink as what people say, the story is pretty ok but Anna annoys me a littlel A little dumb. Christian loves her for some reason that I will never get. Christian is the saddest person i've ever read. The music he plays adds on to my waterworks. In all, the book is worth reading if you look at it a little deeper that the BDSM part of it. Give it a chance. show more [PAR] by Liz Ramlee [PAR] I think I need to clear something up, before I begin. Fifty Shades of Grey is hardly BDSM literature; in fact, it's hardly erotic literature. It has explicit sex scenes and breaks readers into the world of sex toys and equipment, yes (for those of us who never knew what a Cat o' Nine Tails or kegel balls were-psh, amateurs)-but if this is what people are being introduced to as \"erotica,\" no wonder they've been severely disappointed. To those who haven't been disappointed, or have even been ridiculously enchanted by James's series: what. the. hell. is wrong with you??? Pornographic writing and a list of submissive rules/toys do NOT equate to erotica. Take it from me, who's read dirtier, sexier, filthier, and way more taboo than this. Please, just trust me on this one. This book isn't"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gieves & Hawkes - Savile Row Tailors, Mens Suits, Gieves ... Savile Row Tailors, Mens Suits, Gieves & Hawkes Savile Row Tailoring - Gieves & Hawkes [PAR] For all e-commerce order enquiries ecommerce@gievesandhawkes.com [PAR] For all shop or general enquiries tel: +44 (0) 20 7434 2001 Monday \u2013 Friday 9AM-5.30PM [PAR] \u00a9 GIEVES & HAWKES"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Protestant Cemetery in Rome | John Keats Grave | Shelley's ... Protestant Cemetery in Rome | John Keats Grave | Shelley's Grave | Rome [PAR] The Protestant Cemetery in Rome is Commonly Known as the Englishmen\u2019s Cemetery: [PAR] Graves of John Keats and Joseph Severn [PAR] The Protestant Cemetery in Rome is officially known as the Cimitero Acattolico or \u201cNon-Catholic Cemetery\u201d. More commonly referred to as the Cimitero degli Inglesi (Englishmen\u2019s Cemetery), it is the final resting place of two famous English poets, John Keats and Percy Shelley. [PAR] The Protestant Cemetery is not just for Englishmen. It is the burial place for non-Catholics from all nationalities. Amongst its notable burials are Goethe\u2019s son, English writers, Russian painters, German authors, Italian philosophers, American sculptors, etc. [PAR] The most famous graves in the Protestant Cemetery are those of John Keats and Percy Shelley. Keats was seriously ill with tuberculosis when it was suggested by his doctors that he move to Italy for the warmer climate. His friend Joseph Severn accompanied him on the journey which they made on September 17, 1820. Due to bad weather and quarantine Keats only reached Rome on November 14. He moved into a villa on the Spanish Steps which today is the Keats-Shelley Memorial House museum. Despite care, Keats died on February 23, 1821, three months after arriving in Rome. He was only 25. [PAR] Keat\u2019s Grave [PAR] In a quiet corner in the old part of the graveyard is Keats\u2019 grave. Keats had requested that he be placed under a unnamed tombstone which contained only the words, \u201cHere lies one whose name was writ in water.\u201d His friends Severn and Brown who erected the tombstone included the following longer epitaph: [PAR] This Grave contains all that was Mortal of a YOUNG ENGLISH POET, Who on his Death Bed, in the Bitterness of his Heart at the Malicious Power of his Enemies Desired these Words to be engraven on his Tomb Stone: \u201cHere lies One Whose Name was writ in Water\u201d Feb. 24 1821 [PAR] Grave of Shelley [PAR] Shelley\u2019s Grave [PAR] Shelley too died at a young age. On 8 July 1822, just before his 30th birthday, he drowned in a sudden storm while sailing back in his schooner from Livorno to Lerici. He was cremated on the beach near Viareggio and his ashes were interred at the Protestant Cemetery. [PAR] Joseph Severn who died in 1879 is buried next to Keats grave. [PAR] The Protestant Cemetery is close to the Pyramid of Cestius and is easy to reach by Metro. Catch the Blue line in the direction of Laurentina and get off at Piramide."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Fractures - IvyRose Holistic Types of Fractures [PAR] Types of fractures [PAR] Study-Aids about Bones and the Skeletal System: [PAR] See also: [PAR] Types of Fractures [PAR] There are several different types of fractures. [PAR] As with types of joints , types of fractures can be classified into different numbers of groups (or \"classes\") depending on the level of detail required. [PAR] A short list of different types of fractures is: [PAR] Partial (fracture) - incomplete break of bone, e.g. a greenstick fracture or a hairline fracture. [PAR] Complete (fracture) - complete break resulting in bone being separated into 2 or more pieces. [PAR] Closed or \"Simple\" (fracture) - fractured bone(s) do not break through the skin. [PAR] Open or \"Compound\" (fracture) - at least some part of fractured bone(s) protrude through the skin . [PAR] These are just some of the most basic terms used to refer to bone fractures. [PAR] Some fractures fall into more than one category, e.g. a \"complete\" fracture may be \"open\" or \"closed\". Many courses in human anatomy & physiology (A&P) require more detailed knowledge of fractures than the short list above. Check the requirements of your course to find out the list necessary for full marks in your exam(s). The following information may exceed that required for some first-level courses e.g. GCSE and A-Level. [PAR] Basic information about different types of fractures is listed in the following table. [PAR] Types of Bone Fractures [PAR] taught on introductory-level courses e.g. in anatomy & physiology [PAR] 1. [PAR] Simple [PAR] A simple fracture is a clean break in a bone causing no (or very little) disturbance to the overlying skin. There are several sub-types of \"simple fracture\", i.e. terms that can be used to describe specific simple fractures in more detail: [PAR] Simple transverse fractures - at right-angles or almost right-angles to the long axis of the bone. Transverse fractures are sometimes called \"chalkstick fractures\" because the broken bone has been said to resemble a broken stick of chalk. [PAR] Simple oblique fractures - are those in which the break is at an angle of 30 degrees (30o) or more to the long axis of the bone. [PAR] Simple spiral fractures - the line of the fracture spirals around the bone, can be due to torsional forces. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Greenstick [PAR] A greenstick fracture is an incomplete break in a bone (i.e. loss of continuity in the structure of the bone) in which part of the outer-shell of the bone remains intact. [PAR] Greenstick fractures tend to occur in children, whose bones are more flexible (less brittle) than those of adults - but not all fractures in children are greenstick fractures. Healing of greenstick fractures is usually relatively quick. [PAR] 3. [PAR] Compound [PAR] (= \"open\") [PAR] A compound fracture (also called an open fracture) involves a broken bone piercing and often protruding through the overlying skin. If the bone is not visibly exposed as a result of having broken through the skin it is still a compound/open fracture if the bone did so at some stage but has since reverted back or been moved within the overlaying skin. There are two types of compound fractures: [PAR] Fracture open from within out - meaning that the broken bone pushed outwards breaking the skin from the inside of the body, and [PAR] Fracture open from without in - meaning that the skin was first broken by trauma from outside the body directed inwards towards the body/bone, sometimes with severe force. [PAR] Of the 2 types of open fractures, those open from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 20 great winter sports destinations | CNN Travel 20 great winter sports destinations | CNN Travel [PAR] 20 great winter sports destinations [PAR] 20 great winter sports destinations [PAR] Best ways to get sweaty in the snow. Don't forget your sunscreen [PAR] By Winnie So 21 December, 2011 [PAR] Whether you\u2019re a snow bunny looking for a bit of glamorous, off-piste fun or a powder hound itching for a fix, there\u2019s plenty of frolicking to be had for all manner of snow lovers. [PAR] For snow bunnies [PAR] Classic movies made these hills glam, but please resist the one-piece neon snowsuit. [PAR] 1. Aspen, United States [PAR] Aspen has a reputation for being the winter playground of models and moguls, celebrities and socialites. With four mountains to choose from -- Aspen Mountain, Aspen Highlands, Buttermilk and Snowmass -- there\u2019s plenty of terrain for snow bunnies to give chase. [PAR] It\u2019s a good idea to conserve some energy for Aspen\u2019s hopping apr\u00e8s-ski and nightlife. Grab a few drinks at 39 degrees in Sky Hotel before a sumptuous meal at Nobu\u2019s Matsuhisa or Il Mulino then check out what\u2019s playing at Belly Up . [PAR] Nearest airport: Aspen, Colorado, United States. [PAR] Obviously, this is not a spectator sport. [PAR] 2. Courchevel 1850, France [PAR] Courchevel 1850 is both the highest in elevation and in prices in the Three Valleys (Les Trois Vall\u00e9es of Courchevel, M\u00e9ribel and Les Menuires), which now includes a fourth valley -- Maurienne. [PAR] There\u2019s plenty of entertainment off-piste. Hot and happening apr\u00e8s-ski spots include Le Tremplin or Kudeta . Or dance till the wee hours in Les Caves or La Grange . [PAR] Nearest airports: Lyon, France or Geneva, Switzerland or by rail to Mo\u00fbtiers Salins. [PAR] Which kind of junkie would you rather have in your family? [PAR] 3. St. Moritz, Switzerland [PAR] If you prefer your fun a little less alcohol-fueled, Saint Moritz offers more for the adrenaline junkie. There\u2019s the famed Cresta Run , a toboggan run exclusively for daredevils where the top speed can hit 140 kph. [PAR] Or try the Bob run , the world\u2019s last remaining natural ice run from St Moritz to Celerina (1,722 meters). For those who perfer watching men prove their athletic prowess on racing steeds, there\u2019s the annual St Moritz World Cup Polo on Snow . [PAR] Nearest airport: Engadin, Switzerland or rail to St. Moritz. [PAR] Whistler, BC's friendliest city. [PAR] 4. Whistler-Blackcomb, Canada [PAR] Whistler-Blackcomb is a great place for ski and snowboard-loving parents to introduce their toddlers to the piste. Many of the resort\u2019s facilities have been designed to ensure a great learning experience for young children. [PAR] There are designated \u201cGo Slow\u201d and \u201cFamily\u201d zones as well as kid centers on both Whistler and Blackcomb mountains. In Blackcomb, there\u2019s a Big Easy Terrain Garden and a children\u2019s adventure park complete with a ski-through castle. [PAR] There are fully-licensed childcare programs for kids as young as 18 months old so even new mommies get a chance to hit the slopes. [PAR] Nearest airport: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [PAR] \"Good work, son. Now where did you pack those cookies for dad?\" [PAR] 5. Beaver Creek, United States [PAR] Beaver Creek loves kiddies. For seven weeks over the winter season, the resort organizes special family activities with complimentary offers for kids. [PAR] Outside of those weeks, kids will still have a blast with complimentary apr\u00e8s-ski chocolate chip cookies at 3 p.m., and every week there\u2019s storytelling on the hill and an in-village street fair with music, magic and more. [PAR] Nearest airport: Eagle, Colorado,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The- - - is the collective name for the first ten ... The- - - is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. [PAR] Question and answer [PAR] The- - - is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. [PAR] The Bill of Rights is collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. [PAR] Expert answered| debnjerry |Points 33430| [PAR] The- - - is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. [PAR] New answers [PAR] There are no new answers. [PAR] Comments [PAR] Weegy: 1.poverty 2.injustice 3.racial segregation 4.discrimination(gender,racial,social,etc..) 5.injustice 5.crime and violence 6.child abuse 7.mental illness (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] how do i rewrite a poem [PAR] Weegy: Make sure you are fully clear of the meaning behind the poem, then change the format of it to make it fit a different audience and purpose. E.g. If changing a piece written last Century or before then, change the language to words we use today. (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] what the mockingbird in To Kill a Mockingbird represents [PAR] Weegy: The mockingbird represents the innocent, harmless characters such as Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, and the children (especially Scout). [ The title is taken from a quote in the book, where Atticus says \"Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird.\" Later, Miss Maudie Atkinson explains that \"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy.\" This shows that they are innocent, and that is why Atticus forbids his children to kill them. Read more: ] (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] Asked 7/2/2012 3:37:39 PM [PAR] 0 Answers/Comments [PAR] Use your own words to explain what Amendment II, \"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.\" means. [PAR] Weegy: It meant that every citizen has a right to defend themselves and it could not be taken. However, havingn a system of militia referred to as police is necessary so that people should not move in a society bearing arms (More) [PAR] Question [PAR] Asked 7/3/2012 3:43:15 PM [PAR] 0 Answers/Comments [PAR] what Amendment X, \"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.\" means [PAR] Weegy: In my opinion, Amendment X is one way of strengthening the democratic form of government in the United States which has variations in each of the states. [ One situation that can be applied to this amendment is when a state decides on a case that is not specifically covered in the constitution therefore it is up to the state to decide. ] (More) [PAR] Question"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Virtues - Catholic Bible 101 The Virtues [PAR] The Virtues [PAR] Eucharist T-Shirt [PAR] The Virtues [PAR] Virtues! We all think we are virtuous, but so many people can\u2019t name more than a few of them. In the Catholic Church, there are three very distinct categories of virtues which we all should be praying to have more of. The first category is known as the Cardinal Virtues, the second is known as the Theological Virtues, and the third is the Capital Virtues. There are many others as well, but for the sake of this discussion, only these three types will be discussed. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] THE CARDINAL VIRTUES [PAR] The Cardinal Virtues are four moral virtues that are the foundation for the others. Cardinal comes from the Latin \u201ccardo\u201d, which means \u201chinge.\u201d The Cardinal virtues can all be acquired through practice, and by observing others who are older and wiser than you are. All other virtues hinge on the following four Cardinal virtues: [PAR] Prudence: St. Thomas Aquinas once said that prudence was the primary cardinal virtue, because it is concerned with the intellect. Prudence is basically the ability to distinguish what is good and bad in any given situation, and to take appropriate action. For instance, if you are in a big hurry on the freeway, and you know that you are in an area closely monitored by the police for speeding, it would not be prudent to go faster than the speed limit. [PAR] Justice: St. Thomas Aquinas ranked Justice as the second Cardinal Virtue, because it deals with the will. Justice is the virtue that demands that we give everyone exactly what is due them. For instance, if the cashier gives you too much change back at the counter after a purchase, justice says that you must give back the extra money, if you know about it. And since justice is concerned with rights, it is very important to remember that natural rights always come before legal rights, as in the right to life of babies. [PAR] Fortitude: Another word for fortitude is courage. In the Christian sense, fortitude is the virtue that allows us to overcome our fears and continue in our Christian tasks. For instance, the 12 Apostles before Pentecost were hiding in fear of the Jews. After Pentecost, the Apostles boldly spoke out and were imprisoned for their outspoken beliefs in Christ. So here we see that fortitude is not only an acquired virtue, but it is also one of the 4 Cardinal virtues that the Holy Spirit can give us, as well. [PAR] Temperance: This virtue is one we all could use more of today. Temperance is concerned with the restraint and moderation of our desires for food, sex, pleasure, and drink. Where prudence dictates our actions based on externals, temperance dictates our actions based on internals. There is nothing wrong with sex in marriage, or food, or legitimate pleasure, or drink, of course, but when they start to own our will, instead of our will owning them, then we will experience the devil\u2019s compensation of VD, unwanted pregnancy, obesity, sloth, or hangovers. [PAR] [PAR] THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES [PAR] The 3 Theological Virtues are straight out of the Bible, and can only be acquired as a free gift from God. God pours these virtues into our very being through sanctifying grace, which we all know is obtained through the seven sacraments. They are also called supernatural virtues. They are as follows: [PAR] Faith: The theological virtue that is \u201cthe assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen,\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Sides Does a Pentagon Have How Many Sides Does a Pentagon Have [PAR] Real Estate / How Many Sides Does a Pentagon Have [PAR] How Many Sides Does a Pentagon Have [PAR] Aug 31, 2011 [PAR] To say the truth, not everybody knows much about geometry. So it can be difficult for many people to give the right answer to rather a simple question, \u201cHow many sides does a pentagon1 have?\u201d The word \u201cpentagon\u201d is of Greek origin, and its prefix \u201cpenta\u201d (from Greek \u201cpente\u201d) means \u201cfive\u201d. If you know this, you can easily answer how many sides there are in a pentagon. [PAR] A pentagon3 has five sides [PAR] If it is a regular pentagon, all its sides are of equal length. The angles of every pentagon amount to 5400. In a regular pentagon, each angle measures 1080. [PAR] Both shapes on the picture below are pentagons. The first one is regular. [PAR] Different Polygons [PAR] There are also other polygons2 with various numbers of sides, and the following table will give you some information about them. [PAR] Name of Polygon [PAR] Pentacontagon [PAR] 50 [PAR] All regular polygons have equal sides and equal internal angles. Nature has many examples of such polygons. The most widely-known of them are wax honeycombs in the form of hexagon which bees make for storing honey. [PAR] The Pentagon [PAR] The Department of Defense of the United States of America is headquartered in the building called the Pentagon. Its name is so popular that people use it meaning the Department of Defense. It is not difficult to guess that the building has the shape of a pentagon. [PAR] It was designed by George Bergstrom, the American architect, and John McShain became the general contractor. The Pentagon was dedicated on the 15th of January, 1943. [PAR] Now the Pentagon, situated in Arlington County, Virginia, is the largest office building in the world. Its floor area is about 604 000 square meters, and about 344 000 square meters are used for offices. More than 25 000 employees work in the Pentagon. The vast majority of them are the military, though there are also civilian workers and support personnel. [PAR] The building of the Pentagon has five floors and two basement levels. Every floor has five corridors. The total length of the corridors adds up to 28.2 kilometers. The central plaza also has the shape of a pentagon. Its area is equal to approximately 20 000 square meters. The plaza is informally called \u201cground zero\u201d. This nickname came into being in the times of the Cold War. It was supposed that in a possible nuclear war the USSR would target a nuclear missile at the plaza. [PAR] It is interesting that the Pentagon\u2019s groundbreaking was on September 11, 1941, and exactly sixty years later the hijacked airplane was crashed into its territory. This act of terrorism killed 189 people: 59 persons aboard, 125 employees, and 5 hijackers. [PAR] If you ever forget how many sides a pentagon has, just try and remember what the Pentagon looks like. It will be a good tip for you. [PAR] A pentagon (from Greek word \u201cpente\u201d, which means \u201cfive\u201d) is a five-sided polygon. A self-intersecting form of a pentagon is a pentagram. [PAR] A polygon (from Greek words \u201cpolus\u201d, which means \u201cmany\u201d, and \u201cgonia\u201d, which means \u201cangle\u201d) is a two-dimensional shape, made of several straight lines, which are all connected up. [PAR] The Pentagon is the building where the headquarters of the Department of Defense of the United States of America is located. This name is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What colours are the reflective studs and cats eyes on the ... What colours are the reflective studs and cats eyes on the UK roads [PAR] About this site [PAR] A very frequent question asked on driving lessons by students, who are studying for their theory tests, concerns the colours of the cats eyes road studs that are seen between the lanes and slip roads on dual carriageways and other major roads in the UK. [PAR] Sometimes you may also see Green/Yellow studs marking where road works are taking place, showing you any temporary lane layouts that may be in force. [PAR] When driving at night it\u2019s always wise to observe the cat\u2019s eyes and their colours effectively, so you know where you are on the road and can complete any possible lane changes safely. [PAR] Cat\u2019s eyes are extremely effective in the fog to highlight the road edges and lane dividers, when visibility may be very limited. [PAR] RED: [PAR] Marks the left edge of the road, showing that you should not cross the line. [PAR] GREEN: [PAR] Marks the edge of the carriageway where there are slip roads, parking bays and bus stops. [PAR] WHITE: [PAR] Marks the lanes or the middle of the road. [PAR] AMBER: [PAR] Marks the central reservation of the road, making you aware that you are on the extreme right lane available."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oct. 2001 Proverb: \" Many hands make light work.\" - Haya ... Oct. 2001 Proverb: \" Many hands make light work.\" - Haya (Tanzania) [PAR] Haya ( Tanzania ) Proverb [PAR] Background, Explanation, Meaning and Everyday Use [PAR] If many people cooperate work that would have otherwise been very heavy for one person becomes light to each participant because each of them does only a part of it. Africans, besides their poverty of not having good technical equipment for everyday activities, culturally depended on one another. This is their culture, collective ethnic and united kingdoms. There are many African proverbs nurturing this concept like Two ants do not fail to pull a grasshopper. An ant is a very small insect, but with the combined strength of two they can pull a grasshopper. The African belief in a collective strength led people to keep close to extended families (polygamy and many children), ethnic groups and a uniform way of life. They built their houses very close, squeezed in one area and cultivated the same crops. These manual works were done together so many hands were needed to make the work light. [PAR] The well-organized ethnic groups planned their way of living. For example, men went hunting together and collected firewood in the forest. For security when visiting friends, traveling from one village to the next was done in twos or threes. Women also worked in groups when fetching water from a river, planting crops and celebrating feasts especially weddings. Mikono mingi kazi haba. Many hands make light work. In case of danger every man could come to the scene with a spear to fight against an enemy or kill a lion. There was a high sense of participation and responsibility for the security of the whole ethnic group or a village. They were not spectators, but role-players. [PAR] This Haya Proverb in Tanzania teaches our society to adhere to UNITY that is the key to FREEDOM that is the hunger of our time. Every organized society needs a collective power from everybody, which is the root of human development. Nobody is an island. Nowadays we speak about cultural corruptions. It is because everybody wants to follow his/her own way. The sense of togetherness has disappeared from the minds of our youth. Instead the sense of independence, even among children, is the ruling power. Individualism is taking place and weakening unity. People are killed in different circumstances even by wild animals. This is happening partly because the security from the society is no longer there. Instead people are depending on guns and bombs. [PAR] Biblical Parallels [PAR] One of the outstanding biblical passages is the \"Prayer of Jesus\" in John's Gospel: \"I pray that they may all be one. Father! May they be in us, just as you are in me and I in you. May they be one, so that the world will believe that you sent me. I gave them the same glory you gave me, so that they may be one. Just as you and me are one and that you love them as you love me.\" (John 17: 20- 23). In these words Jesus points out the relationship and dependence among the Trinity and his disciples. This is the art of evangelisation to be united with the Trinity through Jesus Christ, Unity of God and his people. [PAR] The Bible is full of beautiful passages about helping one another and living in unity and love. To mention a few: [PAR] \"Where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I in the midst of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1986: Coal mine canaries made redundant - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1986: Coal mine canaries made redundant [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1986: Coal mine canaries made redundant [PAR] More than 200 canary birds are being phased out of Britain's mining pits, according to new plans by the government. [PAR] Modern technology is being favoured over the long-serving yellow feathered friend of the miner in detecting harmful gases which may be present underground. [PAR] New electronic detectors will replace the bird because they are said to be cheaper in the long run and more effective in indicating the presence of pollutants in the air otherwise unnoticed by miners. [PAR] The gas detectors will be hand-held and carry a digital reading which appears on a screen alerting miners to the extent of the gases. [PAR] The birds' replacement will be introduced gradually next year. [PAR] Miners are said to be saddened by the latest set of redundancies in their industry but do not intend to dispute the decision. [PAR] The removal of the canaries will end a mining tradition in Britain dating back to 1911, since when two canaries have been employed by each pit. [PAR] Signs of distress [PAR] They are so ingrained in the culture miners report whistling to the birds and coaxing them as they worked, treating them as pets. [PAR] The canary is particularly sensitive to toxic gases such as carbon monoxide which is colourless, odourless and tasteless. [PAR] This gas could easily form underground during a mine fire or after an explosion. [PAR] Following a mine fire or explosion, mine rescuers would descend into the mine, carrying a canary in a small wooden or metal cage. [PAR] Any sign of distress from the canary was a clear signal the conditions underground were unsafe and miners should be evacuated from the pit and the mineshafts made safer.[DOC] [TLE] Canaries' Role In Mine Safety ... - tribunedigital-mcall Canaries' Role In Mine Safety Worked To Detriment Of Theirs The Birds Were Used To Detect Lack Of Oxygen And Dangerous Gases. Many Passed Out Or Died. - tribunedigital-mcall [PAR] Canaries' Role In Mine Safety Worked To Detriment Of Theirs The Birds Were Used To Detect Lack Of Oxygen And Dangerous Gases. Many Passed Out Or Died. [PAR] MINING CARBON'S HISTORY [PAR] May 04, 2000|by GEORGIE PAUFF, (A free-lance story for The Morning Call) [PAR] Coal mining is a dangerous occupation. It always has been dangerous and will continue to be as long as people are willing to go underground to mine anthracite. [PAR] Two of the foremost dangers found in a deep anthracite mine are the formation of certain gases and a lack of oxygen. Either condition must be detected quickly and the miners evacuated to safety. [PAR] During the 18th century, such conditions were detected with various hit-or-miss methods. [PAR] A lack of oxygen would cause the candle on a miner's cap, or one carried by the miner, to go out. The flame would get larger and change color if certain gases were in the area. In some instances the open flames caused fires or explosions, but in the hands of an experienced miner, these methods could and did save lives. [PAR] The Davey's Safety Lamp came into use in the mines in 1815 and radically changed the way miners checked for certain gases. Another early method used to detect gases such as methane or carbon monoxide or a lack of oxygen was the use of birds. [PAR] Stories of the use of canaries in the mines have been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MEDUSA & GORGONS (Medousa & Gorgones ... - Greek mythology MEDUSA & GORGONS (Medousa & Gorgones) - Snake-Haired Monsters of Greek Mythology [PAR] Terrible, Fierce (gorgos) [PAR] Gorgon Medusa, Athenian red-figure amphora C5th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen [PAR] THE GORGONES (Gorgons) were three powerful, winged daimones named Medousa (Medusa), Sthenno and Euryale. Of the three sisters only Medousa was mortal. King Polydektes of Seriphos once commanded the hero Perseus to fetch her head. He accomplished this with the help of the gods who equipped him with a reflective shield, a curved sword, winged boots and helm of invisibility. When he fell upon Medousa and decapitated her, two creatures sprang forth from the wound--the winged horse Pegasos (Pegasus) and the giant Khrysaor (Chrysaor). Perseus fled with the monster's head in a sack and her two angry sisters chasing close on his heels. [PAR] According to late classical poets, Medousa was once a beautiful woman who was transformed into a monster by Athena as punishment for lying with Poseidon in her shrine. Earlier Greek writers and artists, however, simply portray her as a monster born into a large family of monsters. [PAR] The three Gorgones were depicted in ancient Greek vase painting and sculpture as winged women with broad, round heads, serpentine locks of hair, large staring eyes, wide mouths, lolling tongues, the tusks of swine, flared nostrils, and sometimes short, coarse beards. Medousa was humanised in late classical art with the face of a beautiful woman. In mosaic art her round face was wreathed with coiling snakes and adorned with a pair of small wings on the brow. [PAR] FAMILY OF THE GORGONS [PAR] [1.1] PHORKYS & KETO (Hesiod Theogony 270, Apollodorus 1.10) [PAR] [1.2] PHORKYS (Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 794, Pausanias 2.21.5, Nonnus Dionysiaca 24.270) [PAR] [2.1] GORGO & KETO (Hyginus Pref & Fabulae 151) [PAR] NAMES [PAR] [1.1] MEDOUSA, EURYALE, STHENNO (Hesiod Theogony 270, Pindar Pythian 12, Apollodorus 2.39, Hyginus Pref, Nonnus Dionysiaca 40.227) [PAR] OFFSPRING OF MEDOUSA [PAR] [1.1] PEGASOS , KHRYSAOR (by Poseidon ) (Hesiod Theogony 278, Apollodorus 2.40, Lycophron 840, Hyginus Pref, Nonnus Dionysiaca 31.13) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] GORGO and GO\u2032RGONES (Gorg\u00f4 and Gorgones). Homer knows only one Gorgo, who, according to the Odyssey (xi. 633), was one of the frightful phantoms in Hades: in the Iliad (v. 741, viii. 349, xi. 36; comp. Virg. Aen. vi. 289), the Aegis of Athena contains the head of Gorgo, the terror of her enemies. Euripides (Ion, 989) still speaks of only one Gorgo, although Hesiod (Theog. 278) had mentioned three Gorgones, the daughters of Phorcys and Ceto, whence they are sometimes called Phorcydes or Phorcides. (Aeschyl. Prom. 793, 797; Pind. Pyth. xii. 24; Ov. Met. v. 230.) The names of the three Gorgones are Stheino (Stheno or Stenusa), Euryale, and Medusa (Hes. l. c.; Apollod. ii. 4. \u00a7 2), and they are conceived by Hesiod to live in the Western Ocean, in the neighbourhood of Night and the Hesperides. But later traditions place them in Libya. (Herod. ii. 91; Paus. ii. 21. \u00a7 6.) They are described (Scut. Here. 233) as girded with serpents, raising their heads, vibrating their tongues, and gnashing their teeth; Aeschylus (Prom. 794. &c., Cho\u00ebph. 1050) adds that they had wings and brazen claws, and enormous teeth. On the chest of Cypselus they were likewise represented with wings. (Paus. v. 18. \u00a7 1.) Medusa, who alone of her sisters was mortal, was, according to some legends, at first a beautiful maiden, but her hair was changed into serpents by Athena, in consequence of her having become by Poseidon the mother of Chrysaor and Pegasus,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rule Forty Two - \u00bb What\u2019s an MBE, anyway? Why did John ... Rule Forty Two - \u00bb What\u2019s an MBE, anyway? Why did John Lennon give his back? [PAR] Blog Archives [PAR] What\u2019s an MBE, anyway? Why did John Lennon give his back? [PAR] The M.B.E. (Member of the Order of the British Empire) was an award invented by King George V in 1917 to commemorate services to the war effort by people who weren\u2019t at the frontlines. All the Beatles received the medal in 1965, which entitled them to a payment of forty pounds a year and free admission to the Whispering Gallery at St. Paul\u2019s Cathedral (ordinarily about a shilling). The Beatles were somewhat mystified as to why the Queen was honoring them, but generally cheerful about the notion. As Ringo Starr put it, \u201cWe\u2019re going to meet the Queen and she\u2019s going to give us a badge. I thought, \u2018This is cool.'\u201d Lennon later said that the Beatles had gotten stoned at Buckingham Palace before the ceremony, smoking a joint in the bathroom; George Harrison said it was just tobacco. When the Beatles finally met Queen Elizabeth II, they thought that her majesty was a pretty nice girl, but she didn\u2019t have a lot to say. (Really.) [PAR] The Beatles\u2019 parents were pleased; the group largely forgot about their medals, although Harrison and Paul McCartney later used theirs as jacket decorations at the Sgt. Pepper photo shoot. Lennon gave his to his beloved Aunt Mimi, who hung it over her mantelpiece. But as the years went by, he had second thoughts about his implied endorsement of the British government and royal family, so on November 25, 1969, he sent the medal back to the queen, seizing on whatever excuse seemed handy. His accompanying note read, \u201cYour majesty, I am returning this MBE in protest against Britain\u2019s involvement in the Nigeria-Biafra thing, against our support of America in Vietnam and against Cold Turkey slipping down the charts. With love, John Lennon.\u201d (When the region of Biafra attempted to break away from Nigeria in the late \u201960s and a civil war ensued, Great Britain provided the ruling party with air support. Lennon\u2019s solo single \u201cCold Turkey\u201d peaked on the UK charts at just #14.) Lennon said at the time, \u201cThe Queen\u2019s intelligent. It won\u2019t spoil her cornflakes.\u201d [PAR] (Excerpted from the 2006 book Is Tiny Dancer Really Elton\u2019s Little John?: Music\u2019s Most Enduring Mysteries, Myths, and Rumors Revealed, published by Three Rivers Press, written by Gavin Edwards.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mark Renton | People/Characters | LibraryThing Mark Renton | People/Characters | LibraryThing [PAR] ( show numbers ) [PAR] Related tags [PAR] 1001 (35) 1001 books (41) 1990s (30) 20th century (70) addiction (85) Britain (13) British (57) British literature (38) contemporary (45) contemporary fiction (37) crime (28) dialect (24) drugs (343) ebook (17) Edinburgh (109) fiction (895) film (18) heroin (89) humor (47) Irvine Welsh (23) literature (42) made into movie (41) movie (21) novel (139) own (35) owned (21) paperback (21) read (104) Roman (20) Scotland (279) Scottish (149) Scottish fiction (26) Scottish literature (53) sex (27) short stories (13) to-read (223) Trainspotting (20) uk (25) unread (54) Welsh (23) [PAR] Recommendations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ninian Park Railway Station (NNP) - Leckwith - 2 tips from ... Ninian Park Railway Station (NNP) - Leckwith - 2 tips from 119 visitors [PAR] Ninian Park Railway Station (NNP) [PAR] Train Station [PAR] Ninian Park Railway Station (NNP) [PAR] 2 Tips and reviews [PAR] Log in to leave a tip here. [PAR] Post [PAR] Dafydd Salaman March 23, 2013 [PAR] Trains are every half a hour both ways [PAR] RailHelp.co.uk March 31, 2012 [PAR] The platform closest to the city stadium is for northbound services to Treherbert, Merthyr and Aberdare via Pontypridd. The opposite side is for Cardiff. [PAR] 3 Photos [PAR] ninian park railway station (nnp) cardiff [PAR] \u0095 [PAR] ninian park railway station (nnp) cardiff photos [PAR] \u0095 [PAR] ninian park railway station (nnp) cardiff location [PAR] \u0095 [PAR] ninian park railway station (nnp) cardiff address [PAR] \u0095 [PAR] ninian park railway station (nnp) cardiff [PAR] \u0095 [PAR] ninian park railway station cardiff [PAR] \u0095 [PAR] ninian park railway station (nnp) cardiff [PAR] \u0095 [PAR] ninian park railway station nnp cardiff [PAR] \u0095"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Growth of the Rugby World Cup - Rugby Football History Rugby Football History [PAR] All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies [PAR] Rugby World Cup (RWC) is administered by Rugby World Cup Limited (RWCL), a subsidiary of the International Rugby Board (IRB). The IRB is a non-profit making organisation. All revenue generated through its activity is placed back in the game of Rugby. [PAR] Rugby World Cup is the primary source of revenue for the funding of Rugby development worldwide. Ninety-five percent of all money distributed by the IRB worldwide for development comes from RWC revenue. These funds underpin the IRB's strategic investments programme including High Performance funding and development grants. [PAR] The first RWC was held in New Zealand and Australia in 1987. The six tournaments to date are: [PAR] [PAR] How it all began [PAR] The IRB held their annual board meeting on 20-21st March 1985 at the French Railways HQ in Paris. Each member nation had a single vote and the motion was carried 6 (Australia, England, France, New Zealand, South Africa, Wales) to 2 (Ireland and Scotland). It would be staged jointly by Australia and New Zealand from the 22nd May to the 20th June 1987. This gave the two host nations approx. two years to prepare. Read the full story [PAR] It may also interest you to know that Rugby League's World Cup was first held in 1954. Read more [PAR] World Cup Finals [PAR] Estimated \u00a380 million net surplus boost to the Game. [PAR] Loss of NZ $31.3 million, NZ $8 million lower than forecast [PAR] The Famous Whistle [PAR] The first game of every world cup to date has been started by the same whistle. The whistle is nearly 100 years old and bears an inscription saying it was used by Gil Evans in the Test match between New Zealand and England in December 1905, a match the All Blacks won 15-0. [PAR] This piece of rugby history is also believed to have been used by Albert E. Freethy in the final of the 1924 Olympics in Paris when the United States beat hosts France 17-13 at the Colombes Stadium - the last time the sport of rugby union featured in the Games. [PAR] A year later Freethy blew the whistle to dismiss Cyril Brownlie in the Test between New Zealand and England at Twickenham in January 1925, making him the first player to be sent off in an international match. [PAR] The whistle has been housed in the New Zealand Rugby Museum in Palmerston North since 16 April 1969 when they held their inaugural function, having been given by Stan Dean, who for many years was the chairman of the NZRFU and manager of the 1924/25 All Blacks."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 ... Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] The infamous story of Benjamin Barker, AKA Sweeney Todd, who sets up a barber shop down in London which is the basis for a sinister partnership with his fellow tenant, Mrs. Lovett. Based on the hit Broadway musical. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 26 Nov 2010 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 20 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 05 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 20 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 23 Sep 2015 [PAR] Title: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 33 wins & 72 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Ichabod Crane is sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigate the decapitations of 3 people with the culprit being the legendary apparition, the Headless Horseman. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] An imprisoned vampire, Barnabas Collins, is set free and returns to his ancestral home, where his dysfunctional descendants are in need of his protection. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A couple of recently deceased ghosts contract the services of a \"bio-exorcist\" in order to remove the obnoxious new owners of their house. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A frustrated son tries to determine the fact from fiction in his dying father's life. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Earth is invaded by Martians with unbeatable weapons and a cruel sense of humor. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Revolves around Frank, an American tourist visiting Italy to mend a broken heart. Elise is an extraordinary woman who deliberately crosses his path. [PAR] Director: Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck [PAR] Stars: Johnny Depp, Angelina Jolie, Paul Bettany [PAR] The Dark Knight of Gotham City begins his war on crime with his first major enemy being the clownishly homicidal Joker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A writer is accused of plagiarism by a strange man, who then starts haunting him for \"justice.\" [PAR] Director: David Koepp [PAR] In Victorian Era London, a troubled clairvoyant police detective investigates the murders by Jack The Ripper. [PAR] Directors: Albert Hughes, Allen Hughes [PAR] Stars: Johnny Depp, Heather Graham, Ian Holm [PAR] A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. [PAR] Director: Neil Jordan [PAR] An ambitious but troubled movie director tries his best to fulfill his dream, despite his lack of support. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] In the Victorian London, the barber Benjamin Barker is married to the gorgeous Lucy and they have a lovely child, Johanna. The beauty of Lucy attracts the attention of the corrupt Judge Turpin, who falsely accuses the barber of a crime that he did"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iconic platform shoes that Naomi fell in to go on display ... Iconic platform shoes that Naomi fell in to go on display in new Vivienne Westwood exhibition | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Iconic platform shoes that Naomi fell in to go on display in new Vivienne Westwood exhibition [PAR] comments [PAR] A pair of shoes which toppled catwalk queen Naomi Campbell will form part of an exhibition celebrating British fashion designer Vivienne Westwood. [PAR] The supermodel fell while wearing the blue, platform-heeled Super Elevated Gillie shoes at a catwalk show in 1993. [PAR] The handmade mock-crocodile skin shoes, which have nine-inch heels, are the star attraction at the exhibition, which opens at the Bowes Museum in County Durham today. [PAR] Star attraction: The handmade mock-crocodile skin shoes, which have nine-inch heels, go on display tomorrow at the Bowes Museum in County Durham [PAR] Around 200 shoe designs form part of the retrospective that will trace the success of Dame Westwood's career to date [PAR] Visitors have only one month to catch the exhibition before it travels to Japan, New York and China. [PAR] The show, celebrating the ingenuity and creativity of Vivienne Westwood shoes from 1973-2011, has already made its way to Moscow and Beirut. [PAR] Global: Visitors have only one month to catch the exhibition before it travels to Japan, New York and China [PAR] Westwood said of her own designs: 'Shoes must have very high heels and platforms to put women's beauty on a pedestal' [PAR] Joanna Hashagen, keeper of textiles at the Bowes Museum, said: 'The exhibition shows the sheer range of Vivienne Westwood's creative energies. [PAR] 'She is always pushing boundaries and trying something new. [PAR] 'We all know about how fantastic her clothes are, but this is the first time anyone has really focused on her shoe collection. [PAR] Naomi fell while wearing the blue, platform-heeled Super Elevated Gillie shoes at a catwalk show in 1993 [PAR] 'They are just staggering - and they are made from everything; anything you could think of. [PAR] 'When you see them, you see they are sculptures, they are works of art in themselves.' [PAR] Westwood opened an exhibition of lace for the museum, in Barnard Castle, in 2006. [PAR] Veteran: Dame Vivienne Westwood [PAR] Since then the museum has opened a new gallery to allow it to showcase the new exhibition. [PAR] Mrs Hashagen said: 'She is very, very interested in historic textiles. She used the V&A historic textile collection when she was younger and thinks that people should, and designers should, be inspired by them and by museums. [PAR] 'She came in 2006 and discovered this absolute hidden gem of a museum and offered me a collection of shoes to show, and we couldn't because we did not have a gallery. [PAR] 'But now we do. It is the most amazing exhibition. We are so excited.' [PAR] Along with around 200 shoe designs, the retrospective will trace the success of Dame Westwood's career to date. [PAR] Westwood's shoes have gained a reputation and created memorable fashion moments in the past, from Naomi Campbell's catwalk tumble, to Westwood's iconic Pirate Boots, first seen in 1981 which remain popular and in demand to the present day. [PAR] Westwood said of her own designs: 'Shoes must have very high heels and platforms to put women's beauty on a pedestal.' [PAR] The retrospective, which runs from June 10 until July 10, will be displayed in Bowes New Fashion & Textile Gallery."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert F. Kennedy shot - Jun 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com Robert F. Kennedy shot - Jun 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Robert F. Kennedy shot [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] At 12:50 a.m. PDT, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a presidential candidate, is shot three times in a hail of gunfire in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Five others were wounded. The senator had just completed a speech celebrating his victory in the California presidential primary. The shooter, Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan, had a smoking .22 revolver wrested from his grip and was promptly arrested. Kennedy, critically wounded, was rushed to the hospital, where he fought for his life for the next 24 hours. On the morning of June 6, he died. He was 42 years old. On June 8, Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, also the final resting place of his assassinated older brother, President John F. Kennedy. [PAR] Robert Kennedy, born in Brookline, Massachusetts, in 1925, interrupted his studies at Harvard University to serve in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He was legal counsel for various Senate subcommittees during the 1950s and in 1960 served as the manager of his brother\u2019s successful presidential campaign. Appointed attorney general by President Kennedy, he proved a vigorous member of the cabinet, zealously prosecuting cases relating to civil rights while closely advising the president on domestic and foreign issues. After Kennedy\u2019s assassination in 1963, he joined President Lyndon B. Johnson\u2019s administration but resigned in 1964 to run successfully in New York for a Senate seat. Known in Congress as an advocate of social reform and defender of the rights of minorities, he also voiced criticism of the war in Vietnam. [PAR] In 1968, he was urged by many of his supporters to run for president as an anti-war and socially progressive Democratic. Hesitant until he saw positive primary returns for fellow anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy, he announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination on March 16, 1968. Fifteen days later, President Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection, and Vice President Hubert Humphrey became the key Democratic hopeful, with McCarthy and Kennedy trailing closely behind. Kennedy conducted an energetic campaign and on June 4, 1968, won a major victory in the California primary. He had won five out of six primaries and seemed a shoo-in for the Democratic nomination and, some thought, the presidency. [PAR] Shortly after midnight, he gave a victory speech to his supporters in the Ambassador Hotel and then, while making his way to a press conference by a side exit, was fatally wounded by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. Sirhan was arrested at the scene and indicted for first-degree murder. A mentally unstable drifter, his motives in killing Kennedy have never been clear. Some journalists have alleged that Sirhan was part of a larger assassination conspiracy, supposedly brought on by Kennedy\u2019s promise to end the Vietnam War if elected president. These conspiracists cite forensic evidence and witness testimony that they say proves the existence of additional shooters who were not detained. [PAR] In 1969, Sirhan Sirhan was convicted and sentenced to die. In 1972, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment when the California Supreme Court abolished the death penalty. Since 1983, he has repeatedly been denied parole by prison officials who consider him a serious threat to public safety. [PAR] More on This Topic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] William Shakespeare born - Apr 23, 1564 - HISTORY.com William Shakespeare born - Apr 23, 1564 - HISTORY.com [PAR] William Shakespeare born [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] According to tradition, the great English dramatist and poet William Shakespeare is born in Stratford-on-Avon on April 23, 1564. It is impossible to be certain the exact day on which he was born, but church records show that he was baptized on April 26, and three days was a customary amount of time to wait before baptizing a newborn. Shakespeare\u2019s date of death is conclusively known, however: it was April 23, 1616. He was 52 years old and had retired to Stratford three years before. [PAR] Although few plays have been performed or analyzed as extensively as the 38 plays ascribed to William Shakespeare, there are few surviving details about the playwright\u2019s life. This dearth of biographical information is due primarily to his station in life; he was not a noble, but the son of John Shakespeare, a leather trader and the town bailiff. The events of William Shakespeare\u2019s early life can only be gleaned from official records, such as baptism and marriage records. [PAR] He probably attended the grammar school in Stratford, where he would have studied Latin and read classical literature. He did not go to university but at age 18 married Anne Hathaway, who was eight years his senior and pregnant at the time of the marriage. Their first daughter, Susanna, was born six months later, and in 1585 William and Anne had twins, Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet, Shakespeare\u2019s only son, died 11 years later, and Anne Shakespeare outlived her husband, dying in 1623. Nothing is known of the period between the birth of the twins and Shakespeare\u2019s emergence as a playwright in London in the early 1590s, but unfounded stories have him stealing deer, joining a group of traveling players, becoming a schoolteacher, or serving as a soldier in the Low Countries. [PAR] The first reference to Shakespeare as a London playwright came in 1592, when a fellow dramatist, Robert Greene, wrote derogatorily of him on his deathbed. It is believed that Shakespeare had written the three parts of Henry VI by that point. In 1593, Venus and Adonis was Shakespeare\u2019s first published poem, and he dedicated it to the young Henry Wriothesley, the 3rd earl of Southampton. In 1594, having probably composed, among other plays, Richard III, The Comedy of Errors, and The Taming of the Shrew, he became an actor and playwright for the Lord Chamberlain\u2019s Men, which became the King\u2019s Men after James I\u2019s ascension in 1603. The company grew into England\u2019s finest, in no small part because of Shakespeare, who was its principal dramatist. It also had the finest actor of the day, Richard Burbage, and the best theater, the Globe, which was located on the Thames\u2019 south bank. Shakespeare stayed with the King\u2019s Men until his retirement and often acted in small parts. [PAR] By 1596, the company had performed the classic Shakespeare plays Romeo and Juliet, Richard II, and A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream. That year, John Shakespeare was granted a coat of arms, a testament to his son\u2019s growing wealth and fame. In 1597, William Shakespeare bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, after producing his great historical series, the first and second part of Henry IV and Henry V, he became a partner in the ownership of the Globe Theatre. [PAR] The beginning of the 17th century saw the performance of the first of his great tragedies, Hamlet. The next play, The Merry Wives of Windsor, was written"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pod - What Is a Pod - About Marine Life: Ocean Animals ... Pod - What Is a Pod [PAR] Pod [PAR] Pod [PAR] Definition of the Term Pod, as Used in Marine Life [PAR] A pod of orca (killer) whales come to the surface on a calm day in Lynn Canal, Inside Passage, Alaska, near Juneau. John Hyde / Design Pics/First Light/Getty Images [PAR] By Jennifer Kennedy [PAR] Updated September 30, 2015. [PAR] A pod is a group of animals, such as whales or dolphins. This gathering of animals may also referred to as a group, school, herd, or (more traditionally) a gam. [PAR] Uses of the Terms Pod, School and Group [PAR] The terms pod and school are sometimes used interchangeably, but sometimes they are used to distinguish between groups of aquatic mammals and other organisms. Since the word school is traditionally used to refer to a group of fish, many people use the term pod to make the distinction that whales are mammals, not fish. [PAR] Then again, in some references, a school refers to a large group of whales or dolphins, while a pod is a smaller group of animals within that larger group. [PAR] According to the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, a pod refers to a group of whales in a specific species - the killer whale, or orca. The authors define a pod as a group of resident killer whales that are closely related matrilines (a line of individuals descended from a single female) that regularly associate with each other. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Examples of Marine Animals that Gather in Pods [PAR] Assuming you use the term pod to refer to a group of cetaceans, several species regularly gather in pods. The term pod is most often used to refer to t oothed whales ( odontocetes ), many of whom seem to live in a stronger social structure than baleen whales. [PAR] Odontocete species with well-studied pod structures include: [PAR] Sperm Whales [PAR] Bottlenose Dolphins [PAR] Pilot Whales [PAR] Depending on the species, these groups may or may not include related individuals.Killer and pilot whales are a species in which the individuals in a pod are related. [PAR] Why Do Animals Gather in Pods? [PAR] Defense [PAR] An advantage of being in a pod is that the animals can better defend themselves against predators such as sharks and killer whales. In the open ocean, there's nowhere to hide. But by gathering together with other whales, each individual has less of a chance of being selected for attack by a predator. Also, the presence of many whales can confuse a predator and make it difficult for the predator to single out any one animal. [PAR] Animals in the center of a pod will also benefit from being shielded from predators by those on the outside of the pod. In some whales, like killer and sperm whales, weaker or younger animals may be protected inside the pod, while the stronger members of the pod defend them against predators. Sperm whales employ this strategy. These animals can undertake long feeding dives. Calves, which are still nursing and can't hold their breath as long, are left at the surface, but the adults take turns diving so that the calves are never left wholly unprotected. If a calf is threatened, the adults may gather in a circle around it, with their heads facing the calf and their tails facing the predator. [PAR] Feeding [PAR] Animals may also form pods to better enable them to hunt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Mellors | fictional character | Britannica.com Oliver Mellors | fictional character | Britannica.com [PAR] Oliver Mellors [PAR] fictional character [PAR] THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Oliver Mellors, title character of the novel Lady Chatterley\u2019s Lover (privately published 1928) by English writer D.H. Lawrence . To Lawrence, Mellors symbolized raw animal passion, natural manhood, and untamed sexuality. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Lady Chatterley\u2019s Lover [PAR] novel by D.H. Lawrence, published in a limited English-language edition in Florence (1928) and in Paris (1929). It was first published in England in an expurgated version in 1932. The full text was published only in 1959 in New York City and in 1960 in London, when it was the subject of a landmark... [PAR] D.H. Lawrence [PAR] September 11, 1885 Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England March 2, 1930 Vence, France English author of novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, and letters. His novels Sons and Lovers (1913), The Rainbow (1915), and Women in Love (1920) made him one of the most influential English... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: February 11, 2011 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oliver-Mellors [PAR] Access Date: January 19, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes : Lady Chatterley's Lover : Characters SparkNotes: Lady Chatterley's Lover: Characters [PAR] Lady Chatterley's Lover [PAR] Summary [PAR] Section I: Chapters 1-3 [PAR] Lady Chatterley - The protagonist of the novel. Before her marriage, she is simply Constance Reid, an intellectual and social progressive, the daughter of Sir Malcolm and the sister of Hilda. When she marries Clifford Chatterley, a minor nobleman, Constance--or, as she is known throughout the novel, Connie--assumes his title, becoming Lady Chatterley. Lady Chatterley's Lover chronicles Connie's maturation as a woman and as a sensual being. She comes to despise her weak, ineffectual husband, and to love Oliver Mellors, the gamekeeper on her husband's estate. In the process of leaving her husband and conceiving a child with Mellors, Lady Chatterley moves from the heartless, bloodless world of the intelligentsia and aristocracy into a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Order of P.D. James Books - OrderOfBooks.com Order of P.D. James Books - OrderOfBooks.com [PAR] Home | Characters | Authors [PAR] Order of P.D. James Books [PAR] P.D. James is the pen name of Phyllis Dorothy James, Baroness James of Holland Park. P.D. James is an English novelist of crime fiction, thrillers and dystopian fiction. She is best known for her detective fiction novels featuring Adam Dalgliesh , a policeman and poet. She has also written a couple of novels featuring Cordelia Gray and a few standalone novels. [PAR] P.D. James has been writing since 1962, when her first Adam Dalgliesh mystery entitled Cover Her Face was published. Below is a list of all of P.D. James\u2019 books in order of publication and in chronological order (when necessary): [PAR] Publication Order of Adam Dalgliesh Books [PAR] Cover Her Face"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Do the Ms on M&M's Stand For, and How Do They Get ... What Do the Ms on M&M's Stand For, and How Do They Get Them on There? | Mental Floss [PAR] What Do the Ms on M&M's Stand For, and How Do They Get Them on There? [PAR] filed under: Big Questions [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] In the early 1900s, Forrest Mars, Sr., the son of Chicago candy maker and Snickers bar creator Franklin Clarence Mars, worked his way through Europe learning the ins and outs of the candy business. He worked for Nestle. He worked for Tobler. He started his own little factory in England. He sold some of his father\u2019s brands. Most importantly, he found inspiration. According to confectionery lore, Mars was in Spain during the Spanish Civil War and noticed treats frequently placed in soldiers\u2019 rations. They were chocolate pellets coated with a hard candy shell that kept them from melting (these might have been, or been inspired by, the \u201cchocolate beans\u201d made by Rowntrees of York, England since 1882). [PAR] Upon his return to the U.S. in 1940, Mars sought out another son of a famed candy man to put his own spin on the Spanish candies. [PAR] Bruce Murrie\u2019s partnership in the new venture was essential to the candy\u2019s success during World War II. His father was William Murrie, president of the Hershey Company, which meant Bruce and Mars had access to Hershey\u2019s sugar and chocolate stores at a time when the ingredients were in short supply. It also guaranteed customers - Hershey had struck a deal with the Army in 1937 to provide chocolate for U.S. soldiers\u2019 ration packs. [PAR] The partners Mars and Murrie dubbed their new candy with their initials, and M&M\u2019s soon found their way around the world with U.S. servicemen (along with the 4-ounce, 600-calorie \u201cRation D\u201d Hershey chocolate bar). The story didn\u2019t end sweetly for Murrie, though. When chocolate rationing ended after the war, Mars bought out Murrie's 20% interest in the product and went on to become one of Hershey\u2019s biggest competitors. [PAR] Leaving Their Mark [PAR] Even with their partnership dissolved, Mars and Murrie\u2019s initials stuck as the candy\u2019s name and, in 1950, was even printed on it. Today, the Ms are applied to M&M's in a process that Mars Inc. describes as \u201cakin to offset printing .\u201d Blank M&M's sit on a special conveyor belt that has a dimple for each candy to sit in, and roll through a machine where vegetable dye is transferred from a press to a rubber etch roller that gently prints the M on each piece. [PAR] The printer can stamp some 2.5 million M&M's an hour. Some candies make it off the line M-less, but Mars doesn\u2019t consider these rejects. Minor variations in the shapes of M&M's, especially the peanut ones, make uniform stamping difficult, and the machine is set up to let some blanks slip through rather than mark every one and break some candy shells in the process. [PAR] This post originally appeared in 2012.[DOC] [TLE] Forrest Mars - NNDB Forrest Mars [PAR] Forrest Mars [PAR] Location of death: Miami, FL [PAR] Cause of death: unspecified [PAR] Nationality: United States [PAR] Executive summary: Invented M&Ms [PAR] Forrest Mars was the only son of Mars candy magnate Frank Mars , and was the company's eccentric President in the 1970s. His parents divorced when Mars was very young, and he was raised in Canada by his mother's family, rarely seeing his father. In adulthood, the elder Mars hired his son, but they clashed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mysterious Affair at Styles (Hercule Poirot Mysteries ... The Mysterious Affair at Styles (Hercule Poirot Mysteries): Agatha Christie: 9781602067912: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] The Mysterious Affair at Styles (Hercule Poirot Mysteries) [PAR] Add all three to Cart [PAR] Add all three to List [PAR] One of these items ships sooner than the other. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:The Mysterious Affair at Styles (Hercule Poirot Mysteries) by Agatha Christie Paperback $4.49 [PAR] Only 4 left in stock (more on the way). [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $25. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. [PAR] To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . [PAR] A Scone To Die For (Oxford Tearoom Mysteries ~ Book 1) [PAR] H.Y. Hanna [PAR] \"Scones, a tea shop in England, a kitty & a murder - yes, please!\" A brilliant and funny British cozy mystery for Agatha Christie fans! [PAR] Quinn Goes West: A gripping mystery thriller (Liam Quinn Mysteries Book 3) [PAR] LH Thomson [PAR] A shady businessman cooked in an Arizona sunbed? Quinn is a long way from his beloved Philadelphia. He's up to his neck in trouble. Sand, too. [PAR] Quinn Plays Ball (Liam Quinn Mysteries Book 10) [PAR] LH Thomson [PAR] In the latest Quinn Mystery, a beloved baseball coach finds himself seventh-inning stretchered! Can Philly's favorite PI cope with the Florida heat? [PAR] Quinn Checks In: A Gripping Thriller (Liam Quinn Mysteries Book 1) [PAR] LH Thomson [PAR] Philly ex-con Liam Quinn is back on the street to make amends. 'Wit, action and backstory. What more could you want?' - J. Michael Orenduff. [PAR] The Ghost in Mr. Pepper's Bed [PAR] Sigrid Vansandt [PAR] Got Ghosts? Willow Valley does and one ghostly femme fatale needs Sonya, ghost whisperer, to find her killer before this good ghost goes dark. [PAR] Two Birds With One Stone (A Helen & Martha Cozy Mystery Book 1) [PAR] Sigrid Vansandt [PAR] Two Southern Sleuths Solve a Murder at the Old Grange! It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s a beautiful summer and the busy village of Marsden-Lacey, England, has murder on its mind. [PAR] Pudding, Poison & Pie (A Helen & Martha Cozy Mystery Book 3) [PAR] Sigrid Vansandt [PAR] Helen and Martha enter the village's Pudding and Pie Bake-Off and quickly find themselves up to their elbows in meringue, marmalade and murder. [PAR] \"Future scholars of the simon-pure detective novel will hold [PAR] that its greatest practitioner . . . has been Agatha Christie.\" [PAR] --The New York Times Book Review [PAR] \" Future scholars of the simon-pure detective novel will hold [PAR] that its greatest practitioner . . . has been Agatha Christie.\" [PAR] -- The New York Times Book Review [PAR] Read more [PAR] From the Inside Flap [PAR] Who poisoned the wealthy Emily Inglethorpe, and how did the murderer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ursa Major - The Constellations Web Page Transit Date of principal star: [PAR] 8 March [PAR] Ursa Major is a large sprawling constellation, the third largest in fact. It's mainly known as the home of the Big Dipper (UK: the Plough), certainly the best known asterism in all the heavens. The constellation offers a number of objects, some well known, others rather obscure, and one star that has recently been in the news as having at least one \"temperate\" planet circling about it. [PAR] The stars are fairly bright, and widely dispersed. The Big Dipper/Plough covers only half of the breadth, and the constellation extends much farther south, with its most southerly star, xi Ursae Majoris (Alula Australis), as far south as Leo and Cancer. [PAR] The name \"The Great Bear\" seems to have been assigned to the constellation in antiquity, due to its northern latitudes. Only a prodigious bear could live in such a northerly clime. Interestingly, a number of North American tribes (Algonquin, Iroquois, Illinois, and Narragansett, among possibly others) also associated the constellation with a gigantic bear. [PAR] In Greek mythology Callisto, daughter of King Lycaon, was chosen as a young child to be one of Artemis's companions. Now Artemis was Apollo's sister, patroness of childbirth and protector of babies and of suckling animals. The one thing she prized above all was her chastity; she even asked Zeus for eternal virginity, which he granted. [PAR] Artemis gathered about her a number of young nymphs. Reflecting her own vows on chastity, she also required complete fidelity from these young women (girls actually, who would grow into womanhood). One of these was Callisto. [PAR] Zeus had the habit of seducing young maidens, and eventually he got around to Callisto. When Artemis discovered that Callisto was pregnant, she took her revenge. Artemis loved to hunt; she would take her revenge in the chase. So she changed Callisto into a bear. (Remember that Artemis is the same goddess that caught Actaeon watching her bath. She turned him into a stag then set his own hounds on him. They ripped him to pieces.) [PAR] So Artemis's plan was to have Callisto, as a bear, hunted down and killed. But Zeus took pity, and sent Callisto to the heavens, keeping the same form of a bear. Her son Arcas would grow up to be the ancestral founder of the Arcadians, before he too joined his mother in the heavens as Ursa Minor. [PAR] The constellation itself doesn't have a particularly memorable shape to it; few of us bother to discover the form of a bear in the heavens. Rather it is the asterism known as the Big Dipper (or Plough if you live in the UK) that is most noticeable. [PAR] The stars that make up the Big Dipper are seven in number, and follow the Greek alphabet, making them easy to remember. Thus, apart from alpha Ursae Majoris, the Dipper's bowl is made up of beta, gamma, and delta, then epsilon, zeta, and eta finish the asterism. [PAR] This particular asterism has also a long history, seen in many cultures as a chariot or wagon. (Burnham, as one would expect, has a thorough discussion on this aspect of the constellation.) [PAR] The seven are not moving in the same direction, and over time the asterism will dissolve. In fact, it is only the last 50,000 years or so that a discernible \"dipper\" has formed. As the stars move their separate ways, the shape will more and more become plough-like, with the pointer star (alpha Ursae Majoris) moving in front of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Statues in Central Park, Sculptures in Central Park ... Statues in Central Park, Sculptures in Central Park, Central Park Statue, Central Park Sculpture, Famous Statues in Central Park, Central Park Statues, Central Park Sculptures, Conservatory Water Sculptures, Delacorte Theater Sculptures, Central Park New York Statues, Alice in Wonderland sculpture in Central Park, Hans Christian Anderson statue in Central Park, Romeo and Juliet bronze figure in Central Park, The Tempest sculpture in Central Park, Balto sculpture in Central Park, Obelisk in Central Park, Pictures of Alice in Wonderland statue, Picture of Hans Christian Anderson statue, Picture of Romeo and Juliet statue, Picture of Prospero & Miranda from The Tempest sculpture, Pictures of Delacorte Theater and sculptures, Pictures of Conservatory Water and sculptures, TheNew York City, New York [PAR] Central Park is home to beautiful fountains, historical monuments and stunning bronze sculptures. [PAR] Conservatory Water Statues [PAR] Two of our favorite statues are located at Conservatory Water \u2014 \"Alice in Wonderland\" and \"Hans Christain Anderson.\" [PAR] \"Alice in Wonderland\" [PAR] 76th Street & 5th Avenue [PAR] Judging from the crowds snapping pictures during our last visit to Central Park, we're not the only ones who find Alice in Wonderland and her Mad Tea Party guests magical. [PAR] This whimsical bronze sculpture (photos above and below), depicting characters from Lewis Carroll's classic book \"Alice in Wonderland,\" is one of the park's most popular statues \u2014 with kids and adults alike. [PAR] Alice in Wonderland is located on 76th Street and 5th Avenue, near Central Park's Conservatory Water. [PAR] Hans Christian Anderson [PAR] and \"The Ugly Duckling\" [PAR] Located just a short distance from Alice in Wonderland sits another popular Central Park statue \u2014 Hans Christian Anderson and \"The Ugly Duckling.\" [PAR] The bronze sculpture is located on the west side of Conservatory Water, at East 74th Street and East Drive. [PAR] Conservatory Water \u2014 also known at the Model Boat Pond \u2014 is a popular place with kids and their parents racing model boats. [PAR] Mid-Park at 80th Street [PAR] Southwest corner of Great Lawn [PAR] It seems fitting that two sculptures depicting characters of Shakespeare's plays (\"Romeo & Juliet\" and \"The Tempest\"), should be located outside Delacorte Theater \u2014 home to New York City's annual productions of \"Shakespeare in the Park.\" [PAR] \"Romeo & Juliet\" [PAR] The romantic bronze figure of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet [PAR] (photo below) is located near the entrance of Delacorte Theater, mid-Park at 80th Street. [PAR] \"The Tempest\" [PAR] @ Delacorte Theater [PAR] Mid-Park at 80th Street [PAR] The bronze sculpture above depicts Prospero & Miranda \u2014 two of Shakespeare's main characters in his play \"The Tempest.\" [PAR] The Tempest is located next to Romeo & Juliet, near the front entrance of the Delacorte Theatre, mid-Park at 80th Street. [PAR] More Fun Central Park Statues [PAR] \"Balto\" [PAR] Alaskan dog-sled hero \"Balto\" is located at 67th Street near Fifth Avenue. [PAR] Obelisk \"Cleopatra's Needle\" [PAR] The 70+ foot Obelisk is located in Central Park's East Side drive, at 81st Street. [PAR] Other popular Central Park sculptures include: [PAR] - Christopher Columbus[DOC] [TLE] Must See Sculptures in Central Park - 212Access ... 212Access \u2013 Entertainment at Work Must See Sculptures in Central Park - 212Access - Entertainment at Work [PAR] Must See Sculptures in Central Park [PAR] 212Access August 22, 2012 3 [PAR] Ten Must-See Sculptures in Central Park [PAR] Central Park is more than just natural works of art. It\u2019s also filled with man-made works of art, including statues representing some of history\u2019s most famous icons: Romeo and Juliet, Alice in Wonderland, Beethoven, Shakespeare, Christopher"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shar-Pei Types Shar-Pei Types [PAR] Shar-Pei Types [PAR] [PAR] Horsecoat [PAR] Shar-Pei puppies can have a dramatic change in appearance as they mature to an adult dog. All Shar-Pei, but especially the horsecoat need early socialization with children, strangers, and other animals.They can be stubborn, strong willed and very territorial.Early training can help control these traits before they become problem behaviors.Some people may experience a sensitivity to the harshness of the coat of either length. This is a mild, short lived rash, that can develop on the skin that has been in contact with the coat, most commonly on the forearms.When adopting an adult horsecoat Shar-Pei, it is important to remember that they often lacking the cute expression and wrinkly appearance that was once so endearing as a puppy.And that they might come with a lack of socialization, training, and a history of mistreatment. But with love, patience, training classes and a tincture of time these dogs can become beloved, loyal companions. It is worth the effort, to bring a horsecoat Shar-Pei into your home, because they always give more to the family than they ask in return. [PAR] [PAR] Brushcoat [PAR] Shar-Pei puppies, are cute, cuddly, wrinkly balls, with a love me expression. They often retain this puppyish look well into adulthood. Because of this cuteness, their owners can be reluctant to socialize and train them while they are young. What was cute as a 20-pound puppy is not so cute as a 50 pound adult. The brushcoat matures early to be a stocky strong dog, therefore earlysocialization and training are essential, in order to have a dog that is a good family member as well as a welcome member of society. The brushcoat is not always as active as the horsecoat. And are often more content than the horsecoat to laze around the house. Like their horsecoat brothers, they are strong willed, stubborn and territorial, but these are often exhibited to a lessor degree.Both coat types, brush and horse are true Shar-Pei. Both make excellent companions. Each is similar and yet has their own uniqueness. Each of the two coat types has groups of fans that prefer one type to the other.If you are looking for an easily maintained, smart, active, loyal companion, that will challenge your intelligence, and keep your funny bone tickled with their clownish antics, the horsecoat is the Shar-Pei for you.If you are looking for an easily maintained, quick to learn, less active companion, to keep you company and enjoy activities with you the, brushcoat Shar-Pei just may be the dog you are looking for.Please look at both types and educate yourself before making a Shar-Pei a member of your family.Remember a dog is a life time commitment. [PAR] [PAR] Bear Coat [PAR] There is another length of coat that a Shar-Pei can have. When both the male and female carry the recessive gene for this coat type, it can occur. It is any coat that is longer than 1 inch at the withers. This coat length is commonly called a \"Bear Coat.\" This coat length resembles the coat on a breed of dog called a \"Chow Chow.\" The personality of the bear coat is very much like that of a brush coat.Bear coats make wonderful pets.\"This length of coat is a major fault therefore a dog with this coat can not be shown competitively in the conformation shows.\" They can be shown in obedience and agility. [PAR] [PAR] Spotted Coat [PAR] Spotted puppies (as well as bear coats) do pop up in litters now and then. This is not a RARE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greece: Hadrian's Athens - Europe Up Close Greece: Hadrian's Athens - Europe Up Close [PAR] Europe Up Close [PAR] Travel Health and Safety [PAR] Greece: Hadrian\u2019s Athens [PAR] Published/Revised May 13, 2016 By W. Ruth Kozak This post may contain affiliate links. Please read my disclosure for more info. [PAR] Share [PAR] The Roman Emperor Hadrian is best known for building Hadrian\u2019s Wall, which marked the northern limit of Roman Britain. He also rebuilt the Parthenon and constructed the Temple of Venus in Rome. In addition to these contributions to Rome, Hadrian built several important structures in the city of Athens. [PAR] Hadrian was an ardent philhellene and lived for several years in Greece. He was archon of Athens from 125 \u2013 129 AD and during that time he adorned the city with several imperial buildings. You\u2019ll pass by them when you are touring around Plaka. [PAR] Hadrian loved literature, both Roman and Greek. He wrote poetry and was familiar with the Greek philosophers. And, he built a distinguished library in Athens that stands today. You\u2019ll find it at the corner of Eolou and Adrianou Streets in Plaka. There was a large colonnaded court with semi-circular recesses in the walls. Part of the west entrance had Corinthian columns that still stand. The central room was the library with niches for bookshelves. The courtyard was laid out as a garden with a central pool. I love to stop by Hadrian\u2019s Library whenever I\u2019m strolling around Plaka, then sit in the tavern by the Eolou Street side and enjoy an ice-cold frappe under the shade trees before wandering over to the Roman Forum. [PAR] Hadrian\u2019s library [PAR] Rome had occupied Greece from 146 BC and by the first century AD, Greece had become a favorite holiday destination for wealthy Romans and a place of exile for troublemakers. The Athenian agora had a new Roman odeon, a covered theatre that seated 1000 people. There\u2019s a bust of Hadrian in the Greek agora, on the west side near the Temple of Hephaestion. It\u2019s a headless torso, but don\u2019t try posing with it or the agora guards will chase you off! [PAR] Hadrian\u2019s Torso Agora [PAR] The entrance to the Roman Forum, which was built during the reign of Julius Caesar, is the Gate of Athena Archegetis. It marks the street leading from the Greek agora. On the side facing the Acropolis there is an engraved edict of Hadrian\u2019s outlining rules and taxes for the sale of oil. [PAR] I like to wander about in the Roman Forum. The most intriguing of the ruins is the Tower of the Winds which predates the forum, designed by the Syrian astronomer Andronikos of Kyrrhos in the 1st century BC. It served as a compass, sundial, weather vane and water clock. Each face of the tower is adorned with a relief of a figure floating through air personifying the eight winds. Just below the Tower of Winds are the public latrines which I always find amusing. At the east end of the forum is an Ionic propylea dating from the reign of Hadrian. It was surrounded by colonnades which opened to shops and offices. During the Turkish period, a mosque was built on the north side that now serves as an archaeological storage room. [PAR] Tower of Winds [PAR] Probably the most distinctive piece of Hadrian memorabilia is near the busy road junction of Amalias and Syngrou Streets just outside of Plaka where the majestic Arch of Hadrian stands. It was erected by Hadrian to mark the limits of the ancient city and the beginning of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The UK National Lottery - a guide for beginners | plus ... The UK National Lottery - a guide for beginners | plus.maths.org [PAR] The UK National Lottery - a guide for beginners [PAR] By [PAR] Submitted by plusadmin on March 1, 2004 [PAR] March 2004 [PAR] The UK National Lottery began in November 1994. Optimistic statisticians hoped that the surrounding publicity might increase interest in ideas of chance and probability, and perhaps even enhance the nation's numeracy. [PAR] Hot tips [PAR] In the early days of the Lottery, it was quite common to see newspaper articles that looked back on what numbers had recently been drawn, and attempted to identify certain numbers as \"due\" (they hadn't appeared for a dozen draws), other numbers as \"hot\" (having occurred several times in succession), much in the manner of racing tipsters studying form. The question of how these inanimate rubber spheres, whirling around a plastic tub, were supposed to be influenced by previous draws was never addressed. Few such articles appear now; without these words being specifically used, it does seem to be generally believed that the outcome of each draw is independent of the rest, and that each of the possible combinations has the same chance every time. [PAR] The game has tightly drawn rules about the amount of prize money available, and how it shall be allocated. The mathematics of counting then allow you to work out your winning chances, and how much your prize might be. For the principal game, players must select six different numbers from the list {1,2,...,49}; in the Lottery draw, six of these numbers are selected at random as \"main\" numbers, and a seventh is also chosen (the Bonus number). Players win some prize if their selection matches at least three of the main numbers. If they match all six main numbers, they qualify for a share of the Jackpot prize, with an average value of \u00a32 million - and, occasionally, ten times this amount! However, less than half the money staked is returned as prizes, so, on average, you lose more than 50p each time you buy a \u00a31 ticket. [PAR] To work out the winning chances, note that the number of different choices of six numbers from a list of 49 numbers is [PAR] , say. And all these [PAR] combinations are taken to have an equal chance of being the six main numbers. So if you buy one ticket, your chance of a Jackpot share is 1 in [PAR] , or, in round figures, one in 14 million. [PAR] It is hard to appreciate how small this figure is: for example, the chance of death within one year for a middle-aged healthy man might be one in 1,000. If so, the chance he dies within the next week is one in 52,000; within the next day about one in 365,000, within the next hour about one in nine million - still bigger than the chance of a jackpot share. Indeed, on these figures, he is about as likely to win a jackpot share with one ticket as he is to die in the next 40 minutes. [PAR] All those who match all six main numbers share the amount in the Jackpot pool, which depends mainly on total sales. To win a gigantic prize, you hope to be the only person with a winning ticket. What can you do to bring this about? [PAR] Really random [PAR] Very little information has been disclosed about what combinations UK players have chosen. Apparently, at one stage, 10,000 people were selecting the numbers 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FILM REVIEW; Hail, Ulysses, Escaped Convict Movie Review - - FILM REVIEW; Hail, Ulysses, Escaped Convict - NYTimes.com [PAR] FILM REVIEW; Hail, Ulysses, Escaped Convict [PAR] By A. O. SCOTT [PAR] Published: December 22, 2000 [PAR] The opening credits of Joel and Ethan Coen's new film, ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?,'' announce rather grandly that the picture is ''based upon 'The Odyssey,' by Homer.'' The filmmakers even supply a ritual invocation of the muse, who is asked (via Robert Fitzgerald's translation of Homer's epic) to help them sing of ''the man skilled in all the ways of contending.'' [PAR] It doesn't take a classics scholar to notice that the wily brothers have taken a few liberties with their source. Their hero, played with toothy glee by George Clooney, is a hyper-articulate escaped convict named Ulysses Everett McGill, who wanders the dusty byways of Depression-era Mississippi with a pair of dimwitted companions, searching for wealth, his wife and his favorite hair treatment, a gooey pomade called Dapper Dan. [PAR] When McGill finally catches up with Penelope (Holly Hunter), she turns out not to be the embodiment of wifely constancy Homer rhapsodized but rather the harried, impatient mother of seven daughters who has thrown over her vagabond mate for a weaselly political operative named Waldrip (Ray McKinnon). (''He's a suitor,'' one of the girls explains to her baffled father. ''He's bona fide.'') [PAR] While there are Homeric moments scattered through the ambling, shaggy-dog narrative -- a blind soothsayer, a one-eyed Bible salesman (John Goodman) in place of the Cyclops, a governor (Charles Durning) whose Christian name is Menelaus (though he prefers to be called Pappy) and a trio of honey-voiced sirens -- ''The Odyssey'' is just one ingredient in a feverish gumbo of borrowings and allusions. [PAR] ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?'' is less a retelling of the founding epic of Western civilization than a portable anthology of Americana, a tinker's van festooned with scraps of ''Moby-Dick,'' ''The Wizard of Oz'' and Preston Sturges's ''Sullivan's Travels,'' the source of the film's title. The whole contraption lurches along to the rhythms of old-time gospel, blues and country music. [PAR] It is, all in all, a rambunctious and inspired ride in which the Coen brothers' voracious fascination with the arcana of American popular culture and their whiz-kid inventiveness reach new heights of whimsy. This is one of their sillier movies; its pastiche of period style has more in common with the light-handed artifice of their ''Hudsucker Proxy'' than with the necrophilia of ''Miller's Crossing'' or ''Barton Fink.'' But like ''The Hudsucker Proxy,'' ''O Brother'' is a richer and more serious movie than it seems at first, and it risks being unfairly dismissed as an empty exercise in style. [PAR] For one thing, this film has at its center an elusive, highly mannered performance that appears to belong, as much as the vintage roadsters and ice-cream suits, to a vanished era. Mr. Clooney not only looks like Clark Gable, with his hair slicked against his scalp and his carefully etched Art Deco mustache, but he also gives the kind of detached, matinee-idol performance that used to be Gable's trademark. [PAR] Mr. Clooney's self-conscious line readings and leisurely double-takes are like a wink to the audience. We never forget that, whatever else the script may demand, we're watching a movie star. That we're watching a star of the present moment playing, in effect, a star of an earlier age only doubles the fun and adds to our sense of dislocation. [PAR] As in many of the Coens' movies, the world on screen is one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The holy grail of data: it's Domesday, online | Technology ... The holy grail of data: it's Domesday, online | Technology | The Guardian [PAR] The holy grail of data: it's Domesday, online [PAR] William the Conqueror's great census is made available free on the internet [PAR] The holy grail of data: it's Domesday, online [PAR] William the Conqueror's great census is made available free on the internet [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] 'Not even one ox, nor one cow, nor one pig was left out.' But what William the Conqueror didn't have in the Domesday Book was an easy way of searching its reams of data. It has taken more than 900 years, but at last the internet has provided a solution. [PAR] An academic at Hull University has produced the world's first complete, freely available online version. [PAR] Professor John Palmer, whose work on the Domesday Book stretches back 25 years, has transformed its handwritten parchment pages into a database with searchable indexes, a detailed commentary and the ability to organise all its statistics in a tabulated format. [PAR] The Domesday Book, the oldest and most famous public record, was based on the 1086 great survey of England which investigated 'how the country was occupied, and with what sort of people... how much each had... and how much it was worth'. It covered 13,418 settlements south of the rivers Ribble and Tees. [PAR] As with the Last Judgment, all were called to account - hence the name, Domesday, Day of Judgment. There would be nothing like it in England again until the censuses of the 19th century. [PAR] But for nearly 1,000 years it has been inaccessible to most people and difficult to understand. There are costly CD-Rom translations, and the National Archives provides online searches, but Palmer set out to create a new format to bring the book into the digital age. Whereas the original has information listed under headings, Palmer has coded and tagged terms so they can be automatically retrieved and analysed. His software makes it possible to isolate certain variables and conduct several searches at once. The results can be displayed as a map, table or translated text, or as a combination of formats. [PAR] The three-year project was funded by a \u00a3250,000 grant from the Arts and Humanities Research Council. [PAR] Palmer, who worked on the project with his son, Matt, said: 'My interest in Domesday began in about 1980 as a teaching project. My son was getting interested in computing at the same time. It developed into a research <interest for the 900th anniversary in 1986, but computers weren't powerful enough then. In the mid-Nineties, the improvements in computers revived my interest and I managed to get some funding.' [PAR] Written in Latin, the Domesday Book is the starting point of history for the majority of towns and villages in England. It lists places, landowners and tenants, tax assessments, cultivated land, numbers of oxen and plough teams, property values, legal claims, illegal activity and social classes such as freemen, villeins, smallholders, cottagers, slaves, priests and burgesses. [PAR] The total value of all property in England in 1086 was calculated at \u00a375,000 - which in today's money would be \u00a31 trillion. The dozen wealthiest individuals were each richer than any later billionaires in English history, with fortunes ranging from the equivalent of \u00a356bn to \u00a3104bn today. [PAR] Palmer said: 'No English medieval historian can ignore the book because it's such an important source for social and economic medieval history. It's like a giant skyscraper surrounded by mud huts in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lockheed L-1011 Tristar - Aircraft Wiki - Wikia Lockheed L-1011 Tristar | Aircraft Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] The Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, commonly referred to as just L-1011 (pronounced \"ell-ten-eleven\"), was the third [PAR] widebody passenger jet airliner to enter operation, following the Boeing 747 and the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 . Like the DC-10, the TriStar is a three-engine jet airliner . Between 1968 and 1984, Lockheed manufactured a total of 250 TriStars. After production ended, Lockheed withdrew from commercial aircraft business due to its below-target sales. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] In the 1960s, American Airlines approached Lockheed and competitor Douglas (later McDonnell Douglas) with the need for an airliner smaller than the 747, but still capable of carrying a large passenger load to distant locales such as [PAR] Cutaway + key [PAR] The Rolls Royce RB211 engine. [PAR] London and Latin America from company hubs in Dallas/Ft Worth and New York. Lockheed had been largely absent from the civil airliner market since the late 1950s following problems with its L-188 Electra , which had suffered a number of crashes early in its career due to wing vibration. However, having experienced difficulties with some of its military programs, Lockheed was keen to re-enter the civil market, and its response was the L-1011 TriStar. The aircraft was originally conceived as a \"jumbo twin\", but a three-engine design was ultimately chosen to give the plane enough thrust to take off from existing runways. [2] [PAR] The design featured a twin-aisle interior with a maximum of 400 passengers, a three-engine layout, low noise emissions (in the early 1970s, Eastern Air Lines nicknamed the L-1011 \"The WhisperLiner\"), improved reliability, and efficient operation. The main visible difference between the TriStar and the DC-10 that emerged at Douglas is in the middle/tail engine; the DC-10's engine is mounted above the fuselage for more power, while the TriStar's engine is integrated into the tail through an S-duct (similar to that of the Boeing 727 ) for improved quietness and stability. A major differentiator between the L-1011 and the DC-10 was Lockheed's selection of the Rolls-Royce RB211 engine for the L-1011. As originally designed, the RB211 turbofan was an advanced three-spool design with a carbon fibre fan, which would have better efficiency and power-to-weight ratio than any competing design. This would make the L-1011 more efficient, a major selling point. [PAR] American Airlines opted for the Douglas DC-10, although it had shown considerable interest in the L-1011. American's intent in doing so was to convince Douglas to lower its price for the DC-10, which it did. [3] Without the support of American, the TriStar was launched on orders from TWA and Eastern Air Lines . Although the TriStar's design schedule closely followed that of its competitor, the DC-10, Douglas beat Lockheed to market by a year due to delays in power plant development. In February 1971, after massive development costs associated with the RB211, Rolls-Royce went into receivership. This halted L-1011 final assembly, but by then it was too late to change engine suppliers (to either General Electric or Pratt & Whitney ). [PAR] The British government agreed to approve a large state subsidy to restart Rolls-Royce operations on condition the U.S. government guarantee the bank loans Lockheed needed to complete the L-1011"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Conservative Party (UK) - cs.mcgill.ca Conservative Party (UK) [PAR] Conservative Party (UK) [PAR] Movement for European Reform, European Democrat Union [PAR] European Parliament Group [PAR] Political parties [PAR] Elections [PAR] The Conservative and Unionist Party more commonly known as the Conservative Party is currently the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting Members of Parliament (MPs), the largest in terms of public membership, and the oldest political party in the United Kingdom. It is the most successful political party in British history in terms of election victories, and is considered by some to be the most successful political party in the world. The current leader is David Cameron , who as Her Majesty's Loyal Leader of the Opposition heads the Shadow Cabinet. [PAR] The Conservative Party is descended from the Tory Party of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth Centuries. Its members are still commonly referred to as Tories and the party is still often referred to as the Tory Party. Although the Conservative Party was in government for two-thirds of the twentieth century, it has been in opposition in Parliament since losing the 1997 election to the Labour Party under Tony Blair . [PAR] Name [PAR] The Party's rarely used, more official name is The Conservative and Unionist Party. The name has its origins in the 1912 merger with the Liberal Unionist Party and is an echo of the party's 1886-1921 policy of maintaining the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in opposition to Irish nationalist and republican aspirations. Scotland 's allied Unionist Party was independent of the Conservatives until 1965. Similarly the Ulster Unionist Party supported the Conservatives for many decades in the House of Commons and traditionally took the Conservative whip. In contrast to Scotland this arrangement broke down in the aftermath of the Ulster Unionists' opposition to the 1973 Sunningdale Agreement. The Conservative Party is now formally organised in Northern Ireland separately from the Ulster Unionist Party. [PAR] Organisation and membership [PAR] The internal organisation of the Conservative Party is a contrast between the grassroots groups who dominate in the election of party leaders and selection of local candidates, and the members of the Conservative Campaign Headquarters who lead in financing, the organising of elections, and drafting of policy. The leader of the Parliamentary party provides the core of daily political activity and forms policy in consultation with his cabinet and administration. This decentralised structure is unusual. [PAR] As with the Labour Party, membership has long been declining and despite an initial boost shortly after Cameron's election as leader, membership resumed its fall in 2006 and is now actually lower than when David Cameron was elected in December 2005. However, the Conservative Party still has more members (about 290,000) than the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats combined (around 200,000 and 70,000 respectively). But the party does not publicly provide verifiable membership figures, making this difficult to confirm. [PAR] The membership fee for the Conservative party is \u00a325, or \u00a35 if the member is under the age of 23. [PAR] According to accounts filed with the Electoral Commission it had income in the year ending 31 December 2004 of about \u00a320 million and expenditure of about \u00a326 million. [PAR] The electoral symbol of the Conservative party is a stylised oak tree, replacing the freedom torch. The present motto, adopted by the Party on 6 October 2007, is \"It's Time For Change\". Before David Cameron, the official party colours were red, white and blue, though blue is most generally associated with the party, in contrast to the red of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Croatia - Dubrovnik Guide About Croatia [PAR] about Croatia! [PAR] Area: 56 538 sq. km (about one quarter of Britain) [PAR] ATMs: Readily available in towns and transport hubs [PAR] Budget: 250Kn per day [PAR] Currency: Croatian Kuna 1US$ = app. 6 HRK [PAR] 1Euro = app. 7.4 HRK [PAR] [PAR] Croatia [PAR] Croatia is a Central European country located on the Mediterranean or to be precise Adriatic Sea. ( map ) [PAR] The whole country streches in the form of an arc from the Danube in the northeast to Istria in the west and Dubrovnik Region in the southeast. The capital of Croatia is Zagreb. [PAR] The Croatia is known as the land of the thousand islands because of its Adriatic coast which is among the most indented in the world: 1185 islands and islets form a coastline of 4,058 km, the total length of the mainland coast being 1777 km. [PAR] If we would to divide Croatia geographically we could do it into three major natural and geographic parts: [PAR] The Pannonian and Peri-Pannonian area comprises of lowlands and hilly parts located in the eastern and northwestern Croatia; mountains higher than 500 m are rare and of an insular character. [PAR] This is mostly farm area especially Slavonija and Baranja in the east. Humid valleys and the hills are richly afforested while the northwestern part, which gravitates to Zagreb, is industrially developed. [PAR] The hilly and mountainous area, separates Pannonian Croatia from its coastal part. This region is charecterized by a intense growth of the already existing wood and timber industry, and the still underexploited potential for the production of healthy food, and winter and rural tourism. [PAR] The Adriatic Area includes the narrow coastal belt separated from the hinterland by high mountains. This area is the Croatia's touristic heaven as thousands and thousands of tourists swarm to Croatia to bathe in its warm and crystal clear Adriatic Sea thus the tourist slogan \"The Mediterranean as it once was\" [PAR] Climate of the coastal part is typically Mediterranean, which means, mild winters with dry hot summers, winter temperatures range from 5 to 10\u010f\u017c\u02ddC and summer temperatures from 26 to 30\u010f\u017c\u02ddC. [PAR] Continental part is a bit on a colder side, a typical european continental climate, winter temperatures from -1 to 3\u010f\u017c\u02ddC and summer temperatures from 22 to 26\u010f\u017c\u02ddC except in the mountainous regions where temperatures range from -5 to 0\u010f\u017c\u02ddC in winter time and 15 to 20\u010f\u017c\u02ddC in summer time. [PAR] Being a country of many natural beauties Croatia has done a lot in order to preserve its beauty and share it with the world so we have many national parks and parks of nature . [PAR] Croatia is a parlamentary multyparty democracy with a population of 4.437.460. The largest city is Zagreb with around 750 000 inhabitants. [PAR] In teritorial administrative structure there are 20 counties and the Town of Zagreb a standalone administrative unit. In the whole country there are alltogether 121 towns and 416 communities. [PAR] Larger cities are: Dubrovnik, Gospic, Karlovac, Osijek, Pula, Rijeka, Slavonski Brod, Sisak, Split, Sibenik, Varazdin, Vukovar, Zadar [PAR] The flag of the Republic of Croatia consists of three bands of color red, white and blue with the Croatian coat-of-arms in the center. ( flag ) ( coat of arms )[DOC] [TLE] Dubrovnik - The Cities Programme CONTACT [PAR] Dubrovnik [PAR] The Croatian City of Dubrovnik, located on the Adriatic Sea has been as UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. The city is in the region of Dalmatia on the eastern coast of the country and had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What'z a lutz? A field guide to figure skating terms ... What'z a lutz? A field guide to figure skating terms | HLNtv.com [PAR] What'z a lutz? A field guide to figure skating terms [PAR] By [PAR] Wed February 12, 2014 [PAR] getty images [PAR] Watching figure skating the other night with my wife and preschooler, I heard a number of great questions. [PAR] \"Why don't any of the songs have words?\" the little guy asked. [PAR] Then it was, \"Why does the boy always lift the girl? Why don't they have big girls lifting small boys?\" [PAR] And, \"Did you just call it a 'sow cow'?!\" [PAR] That was directed at me, from my wife, who couldn't believe that as an avid Winter Olympics viewer, I could somehow completely butcher the name of such a common figure skating jump. [PAR] \"Did you mean salchow?\" [PAR] Um, yes? [PAR] Almost as bad, I still had no idea what that actual jump entailed and how it differed from all the other moves Scott Hamilton keeps popping off as if the components are basic knowledge. [PAR] Maybe they are. But I have a feeling lots of other fans don't totally know their axel from their lutz. So with the major figure skating events now upon us, here's what it all means. [PAR] Salchow: The oft-cited jump is \"taken off from the back inside edge of one foot and landed on the back outside edge of the opposite foot,\" according to the U.S. Figure Skating Association. Though how Hamilton can identify such a specifically launched-and-landed move so quickly is beyond me. [PAR] The USFSA notes the move was created by Ulrich Salchow, whose name is not \"sow cow\". [PAR] Axel: This is the easiest jump to ID, since it's the only one which is launched while skating forward. Regarded as one of the most difficult jumps, the skater takes off from the front outside edge and lands on the opposite skate's back, outer edge. A \"single\" axel is actually 1.5 revolutions. [PAR] [video:\"http://www.youtube. [PAR] com/watch?v=XzFGzsn6Skg\"] [PAR] Lutz: A jump initiated with a toe pick and launched off the back outside edge. It's often preceded by a long, backward glide by the skater. Most lutzes are performed as doubles or triples. [PAR] [video:\"http://www.youtube. [PAR] com/watch?v=cbeq_M8Lgtg\"] [PAR] Toe Loop: As advertised, it's a toe-assisted jump and is often seen in combination with one of the other jumps. The skater takes off and lands on the same outer edge, which sounds relatively simple and is why this is considered one of the more basic moves. [PAR] See? \"Simple\", right? [PAR] [video:\"http://www.youtube. [PAR] com/watch?v=dxZsB3QUU60\"] [PAR] Twizzle: How your brother said \"twist\" back in 2000 when we were all talking like Snoop Dogg. That actually might not be entirely correct. [PAR] But this is: The popular and fun-to-say move is \"a traveling turn on one foot with one or more rotations,\" according to the USFSA, and is often seen in ice dancing where it's performed in tandem with a partner. [PAR] [video:\"http://www.youtube.[DOC] [TLE] Salchow, Lutz, axel: How are figure skating moves named ... Salchow, Lutz, axel: How are figure skating moves named? | Lawrence Yee - Yahoo Sports Canada [PAR] Salchow, Lutz, axel: How are figure skating moves named? [PAR] By Lawrence Yee 16 February, 2010 9:02 AM [PAR] View photo [PAR] . [PAR] Snowboarding has the McTwist. Freestyle skiing has the D-spin and the Misty. But no other winter sport move has a name quite like Salchow. [PAR] The figure skating jump \u2013 pronounced \u201csow cow\u201d (the syllables rhyme) \u2013 is named after a person,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Child's Christmas in Wales - Dylan Thomas A Child's Christmas in Wales - Dylan Thomas [PAR] A Child's Christmas in Wales - Dylan Thomas [PAR] By Dylan Thomas [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] What I Learned About Today [PAR] You might also enjoy: [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Updated October 30, 2015. [PAR] \"A Child's Christmas in Wales\" is by Dylan Thomas. Take a look at this famous holiday work. [PAR] A Child's Christmas in Wales [PAR] One Christmas was so much like another, in those years around the sea-town corner now and out of all sound except the distant speaking of the voices I sometimes hear a moment before sleep, that I can never remember whether it snowed for six days and six nights when I was twelve or whether it snowed for twelve days and twelve nights when I was six. [PAR] All the Christmases roll down toward the two-tongued sea, like a cold and headlong moon bundling down the sky that was our street; and they stop at the rim of the ice-edged fish-freezing waves, and I plunge my hands in the snow and bring out whatever I can find. In goes my hand into that wool-white bell-tongued ball of holidays resting at the rim of the carol-singing sea, and out come Mrs. Prothero and the firemen. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] It was on the afternoon of the Christmas Eve, and I was in Mrs. Prothero's garden, waiting for cats, with her son Jim. It was snowing. It was always snowing at Christmas. December, in my memory, is white as Lapland, though there were no reindeers. But there were cats. Patient, cold and callous, our hands wrapped in socks, we waited to snowball the cats. Sleek and long as jaguars and horrible-whiskered, spitting and snarling, they would slink and sidle over the white back-garden walls, and the lynx-eyed hunters, Jim and I, fur-capped and moccasined trappers from Hudson Bay, off Mumbles Road, would hurl our deadly snowballs at the green of their eyes. The wise cats never appeared. [PAR] We were so still, Eskimo-footed arctic marksmen in the muffling silence of the eternal snows - eternal, ever since Wednesday - that we never heard Mrs. Prothero's first cry from her igloo at the bottom of the garden. Or, if we heard it at all, it was, to us, like the far-off challenge of our enemy and prey, the neighbor's polar cat. But soon the voice grew louder. [PAR] \"Fire!\" cried Mrs. Prothero, and she beat the dinner-gong. [PAR] And we ran down the garden, with the snowballs in our arms, toward the house; and smoke, indeed, was pouring out of the dining-room, and the gong was bombilating, and Mrs. Prothero was announcing ruin like a town crier in Pompeii. [PAR] This was better than all the cats in Wales standing on the wall in a row. We bounded into the house, laden with snowballs, and stopped at the open door of the smoke-filled room. [PAR] Something was burning all right; perhaps it was Mr. Prothero, who always slept there after midday dinner with a newspaper over his face. But he was standing in the middle of the room, saying, \"A fine Christmas!\" and smacking at the smoke with a slipper. [PAR] \"Call the fire brigade,\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sancerre Rouge: The Wine You Need to Know - The Daily Meal Sancerre Rouge: The Wine You Need to Know [PAR] Sancerre Rouge: The Wine You Need to Know [PAR] Sep 13, 2012 | 12:40 pm [PAR] By [PAR] Photo Sasabune Omakase Modified: Flickr/ erin / CC 4.0 [PAR] Many of you know and love to drink Sancerre; it was something of a rage a decade ago. Sancerre is an appellation in the Centre region, on the eastern end of France\u2019s Loire Valley wine country. Most of us are familiar with the whites that dominate the region, always made from sauvignon blanc. Crisp, clean, and refreshing, these wines have become very popular, and for good reason. In general they tend to be great quality for the price, with some of the best setting the bar for sauvignon blanc globally. [PAR] What many don\u2019t know is that this primarily white-wine appellation also produces a decent amount of red wine (about 20 percent of the region\u2019s output). To be labeled Sancerre Rouge, wines must be 100 percent pinot noir. These pinots have been a hard sell for the region given the overwhelming popularity of its whites. Many producers sell most of their red locally and many take their lowest quality wine and chill it down to serve to their vineyard workers eating lunch in the summer time. (There is also some pinot noir ros\u00e9 produced in Sancerre.) [PAR] Because this style of pinot noir is less complex than that of its neighbors in Burgundy doesn\u2019t mean that it\u2019s not worth your attention. As a warm-weather wine, nicely chilled, it can be quite enjoyable. More and more of these wines are becoming available in the States and they belong here! Like the whites, most are unoaked, straightforward, and simply refreshing. They can drink like a full bodied ros\u00e9 or a light-bodied red. They generally tend to have vibrant acidity making them perfect to drink with whatever is coming off the grill in these still-warm early days of fall. [PAR] Matthew Conway is the creator of www.underripe.com , a wine-focused website geared towards the under ripe millennial generation. He serves as general manager / sommelier at Restaurant Marc Forgione. Conway is also a writer currently on the editorial advisory board for Boulder, Colo.-based Sommelier Journal. [PAR] Share this article"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pencil Grades Pencil Grades [PAR] by Doug Martin [PAR] November 3, 1997 [PAR] Early pencils were made using cut pieces of raw graphite dug from the earth. The hardness or softness of these pencils was dependent on the quality or purity of the graphite, and so was difficult - or impossible - to control. Different methods of refining and mixing of graphite were experimented with over the years, but it was not until about 1795 that a Frenchman, Nicolas-Jacques Cont\u00e9, developed a process for making pencil leads that is still in use today. [PAR] The process, known as the Cont\u00e9 Process, involves the mixing of finely powdered graphite with finely ground clay particles and shaping and baking the mixture. By controlling the ratio of clay to graphite, varying degrees of hardness can be obtained, as well as fairly consistent and reproducible quality from batch to batch. [PAR] The early Cont\u00e9 pencils were made in at least four grades, and a numerical grading designation was used to distinguish them - 1 being the hardest, 4 being the softest. As the Cont\u00e9 process became known and used by other pencil makers, similar grading systems were used by them as well. However, these grading systems were arbitrary and inconsistent from one pencil maker to another. [PAR] In the early nineteenth century, English pencil makers began using a letter designation for varying hardnesses. Softer leads were designated with 'B' (for black), harder leads with 'H' (for hard). Different schemes were used to expand the range of grades, such as 'BB' and 'BBB' for successively softer leads, and 'HH' and 'HHH' for successively harder leads. [PAR] By the beginning of the twentieth century, a combination letter-number system had been established and was in use by nearly all European pencil makers, and was also used for some American-made pencils. This system is still in use today, and provides for a wide range of grades, usually consisting of the series: [PAR] 9H, 8H, ... , 2H, H, F, HB, B, 2B, ... , 8B, 9B [PAR] where 9H is the hardest, 9B is the softest. At the same time, a number-only system was in use, particulary in the U.S., which is still in use. The table below indicates approximate equivalents between the two systems: [PAR] #1 --- B [PAR] #3 --- H [PAR] #4 --- 2H [PAR] The common #2, or HB grade pencil in the middle of the range, is considered to be the preferred grade for general purpose writing. Harder pencils are most often used for drafting purposes, while softer grades are usually preferred by artists. [PAR] American-made pencils can often be found with numerically equivalent designations of 2-1/2, 2-4/8, 2-5/10, and 2.5, representing the same grade, but introduced by different manufacturers to distinguish their products and to avoid patent lawsuits. [PAR] It should be noted that no 'official' standard for pencil grades has ever been adopted, and the designations are still somewhat arbitrary and not always consistent from one manufacturer to the next. [PAR] dm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Katy Perry - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson - Genealogy [PAR] Genealogy [PAR] Join the world's largest family tree [PAR] Gender [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] Sister of <private> Hudson and <private> Hudson [PAR] Occupation: [PAR] Added 2013-08-01 17:01:39 -0700 by Private User [PAR] Collection: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, California, USA [PAR] Mother's maiden name: [PAR] Added 2014-02-07 09:24:18 -0800 by Private User [PAR] Collection: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, Kalifornia [PAR] Parents: [PAR] <Private> Hudson, <Private> Hudson (z d. Perry) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Added 2014-02-07 09:26:48 -0800 by Private User [PAR] Collection: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, Kalifornia [PAR] Parents: [PAR] <Private> Hudson, <Private> Hudson (z d. Perry) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Maurice Keith Hudson, Mary Hudson (Perry) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, CA, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] <Private> Hudson, <Private> Hudson (born Cox) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] mother's ex-spouse [PAR] About Katy Perry [PAR] She is better known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Perry was born in Santa Barbara, California, and raised by Christian pastor parents; she grew up listening to only gospel music and sang in church as a child. After earning a GED during her freshman year of high school, she began to pursue a music career. She released a self-titled gospel album in 2001 as Katy Hudson which failed with the closing of its record label that year. She recorded an album with production team The Matrix and completed most of a solo album from 2004\u20132005, neither of which were released. [PAR] After signing on with Capitol Music Group in 2007, her fourth record label in seven years, she adopted the stage name Katy Perry and released her first Internet single, \"Ur So Gay\", that November, which garnered attention but did not chart. She rose to fame with her second single \"I Kissed a Girl\" in 2008, which topped international charts. Perry's first mainstream album, One of the Boys, followed later that year and was eventually announced to be the thirty-third best selling album of 2008 worldwide. It was accredited platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America; \"I Kissed a Girl\" and her second single \"Hot n Cold\" both received multi-platinum certifications. Perry was ranked the 97th Artist of the 2000\u201310 decade by Billboard. She became known for wearing unconventional style of dress, often combining bold colors and vintage fashion. Her next album, Teenage Dream, was released on August 24, 2010 in the United States. [PAR] Perry had a long relationship with Travis McCoy; she is currently engaged to Russell Brand. [PAR] Katy Perry was born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson in Santa Barbara, California. The second child of two pastors, she has an older sister and younger brother.Her Evangelical mother, Mary Hudson (n\u00e9e Perry), grew up in Southern California and had \"a tempestuous first marriage in Zimbabwe.\"Her father, Keith Hudson, was a West Coast scenester in the 1960s.Perry's maternal aunt and uncle were screenwriter Eleanor Perry and director Frank Perry, through whom she is also related to Charles M. Schwab, the founder of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. Perry is of Portuguese and German ancestry on her mother's side. [PAR] Perry was incorporated into her parents' ministry; she sang in their church from ages 9 to 17. She grew up listening to gospel music and was not allowed to listen to what her mother called secular music. Perry attended Christian schools"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manzana Reineta del Bierzo PDO. Spanish Apples. Spanish ... Other Spanish Fruits [PAR] Manzana Reineta del Bierzo PDO [PAR] Apples (from the Malus domestica Borkh species) from the Blanca or Reineta del Canad\u00e1 and Reineta Gris varieties, destined for fresh human consumption. [PAR] Tasting notes [PAR] Great flavor with a mix of aromas and average intensity. Characteristic slightly acidic nasal and retro-nasal aromas, with notes of grass, ripe apples and vanilla. Crisp or very crisp apples, with no floury traces when bitten into. This is a very juicy fruit, sweet or very sweet and with a fairly intense acidic taste. [PAR] Other notes [PAR] Its external appearance shows a flattened fruit, symmetrical and more wide than tall, with a short stalk and a closed base cavity. When harvested the apple's color is green with no shine and displays typical surface russeting, which sets it apart from other reineta apples at first sight. The fruit\u2019s flesh has a typically creamy color. [PAR] Its particular physical and organoleptic characteristics are focused on the very sweet flesh, high sugar content and the balance between acidity and sweetness. This apple has five times more vitamin C than any other apple. [PAR] The reineta is included in the list of large fruit varieties. It is a characteristically flat apple, with a height/width ratio of approximately 0.70. Other forms which may appear, with a lower ratio, are the round-flat and conical-round-flat forms. [PAR] When sent to market, the apples must exhibit the following physical and chemical properties: flesh firmness measured with an 11-meter piston, superior to 7 kg (15.4 lbs), refractometric index superior to 14\u00ba brix, acidity superior to 7g (0.2 oz) of malic acid/l. [PAR] [PAR] - Regulatory Council, Manzana Reineta del Bierzo PDO [PAR] Production / Processing method [PAR] Plantations suitable for production must be located at an altitude lower than 750 m (2,460 ft), on soils with pH higher than six and with a minimum age of six years. Maximum efficiency criteria are followed when working the vegetation layer, irrigation and pest and disease control. Adequate fertilization is used to ensure the balance and levels of nutrients in the plant, and thinning methods are used only when necessary to regulate production. [PAR] Harvesting takes place when the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the fruit meet the parameters defined for the optimum harvesting period. The methodology used in harvesting, as well as the systems used for transport, ensure that the apples are not damaged in any way. [PAR] The techniques and systems used for the preservation, treatment and packaging of the fruit allow the physical, chemical and organoleptic qualities of the apples protected by the Designation of Origin to be maintained. [PAR] [PAR] Geography / Relief and climate [PAR] The area is a tectonic groove surrounded by a mountainous belt. It is only via the Sil Valley that the groove can be exited without any great difficulty. The Bierzo region ranges from an altitude of 340 m (1,115 ft) to 2,117 m (6,945 ft), and the average altitude at the heart of the production area is approximately 600 m (1,968 ft) above sea level. [PAR] The area\u2019s climate is determined by the influence of both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The north-westerly winds reach the Bierzo area and explain its link to Spain's wetter areas. The mountainous barrier that surrounds the depression gives it a thermal system which is much more favorable than that of the Meseta plateau. Its latitude is located between 42\u00b0 20' and 42\u00b0 50', and has a direct influence on the distribution of hours of sunshine throughout"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elizabeth Taylor - Biography - IMDb Elizabeth Taylor - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Elizabeth Taylor [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 204 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (8) | Trade Mark (4) | Trivia (116) | Personal Quotes (45) | Salary (25) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 2\" (1.57 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor was considered one of the last, if not the last, major star to have come out of the old Hollywood studio system. She was known internationally for her beauty, especially for her violet eyes, with which she captured audiences early on in her youth and kept the world hooked on with since. [PAR] Taylor was born on February 27, 1932 in London, England. Although she was born an English subject, her parents, Sara Sothern (n\u00e9e Sara Viola Warmbrodt) and Francis Lenn Taylor, were Americans, art dealers from St. Louis, Missouri (her father had gone to London to set up a gallery). Her mother had been an actress on the stage, but gave up that vocation when she married. Elizabeth lived in London until the age of seven, when the family left for the US when the clouds of war began brewing in Europe in 1939. They sailed without her father, who stayed behind to wrap up the loose ends of the art business. [PAR] The family relocated to Los Angeles, where Mrs. Taylor's own family had moved. Mr. Taylor followed not long afterward. A family friend noticed the strikingly beautiful little Elizabeth and suggested that she be taken for a screen test. Her test impressed executives at Universal Pictures enough to sign her to a contract. Her first foray onto the screen was in There's One Born Every Minute (1942), released when she was ten. Universal dropped her contract after that one film, but Elizabeth was soon picked up by MGM. [PAR] The first production she made with that studio was Lassie Come Home (1943), and on the strength of that one film, MGM signed her for a full year. She had minuscule parts in her next two films, The White Cliffs of Dover (1944) and Jane Eyre (1943) (the former made while she was on loan to 20th Century-Fox). Then came the picture that made Elizabeth a star: MGM's National Velvet (1944). She played Velvet Brown opposite Mickey Rooney . The film was a smash hit, grossing over $4 million. Elizabeth now had a long-term contract with MGM and was its top child star. She made no films in 1945, but returned in 1946 in Courage of Lassie (1946), another success. In 1947, when she was 15, she starred in Life with Father (1947) with such heavyweights as William Powell , Irene Dunne and Zasu Pitts , which was one of the biggest box office hits of the year. She also co-starred in the ensemble film Little Women (1949), which was also a box office huge success. [PAR] Throughout the 1950s, Elizabeth appeared in film after film with mostly good results, starting with her role in the George Stevens film A Place in the Sun (1951), co-starring her good friend Montgomery Clift . The following year, she co-starred in Ivanhoe (1952), one of the biggest box office hits of the year. Her busiest year was 1954. She had a supporting role in the box office flop Beau Brummell (1954), but later that year starred in the hits The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954) and Elephant Walk (1954). She was 22 now, and even at that young age was considered one of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Athlete's foot: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Athlete's foot: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] Over-the-counter antifungal powders or creams can help control the infection: [PAR] These contain medicine such as miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, or tolnaftate. [PAR] Keep using the medicine for 1 to 2 weeks after the infection has cleared to prevent it from returning. [PAR] In addition: [PAR] Keep your feet clean and dry, especially between your toes. [PAR] Wash your feet thoroughly with soap and water and dry the area carefully and completely. Try to do this at least twice a day. [PAR] To widen and keep the web space (area between the toes) dry, use lamb's wool. This can be bought at a drugstore. [PAR] Wear clean cotton socks. Change your socks and shoes as often as needed to keep your feet dry. [PAR] Wear sandals or flip-flops at a public shower or pool. [PAR] Use antifungal or drying powders to prevent athlete's foot if you tend to get it often, or you frequent places where athlete's foot fungus is common (like public showers). [PAR] Wear shoes that are well-ventilated and made of natural material such as leather. It may help to alternate shoes each day, so they can completely dry between wearings. Do not wear plastic-lined shoes. [PAR] If athlete's foot does not get better in 2 to 4 weeks with self-care, or frequently returns, see your health care provider. Your provider may prescribe: [PAR] Antifungal medicines to take by mouth [PAR] Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections that occur from scratching [PAR] Prescription topical creams that kill fungus and yeast [PAR] Outlook (Prognosis) [PAR] Athlete's foot almost always responds well to self-care, although it may come back. Long-term medicine and preventive measures may be needed. The infection can spread to the toenails. [PAR] When to Contact a Medical Professional [PAR] Call your provider right away if: [PAR] Your foot is swollen and warm to the touch, especially if there are red streaks. These are signs of a possible bacterial infection. Other signs include pus, drainage, and fever. [PAR] You have diabetes or a weakened immune system and develop athlete's foot and the infection spreads up the leg. [PAR] Athlete's foot symptoms do not go away within 2 to 4 weeks of self-care treatments. [PAR] Alternative Names [PAR] Tinea pedis; Fungal infection - feet; Tinea of the foot; Infection - fungal - feet; Ringworm - foot [PAR] Images [PAR] Athlete's foot, tinea pedis [PAR] References [PAR] Elewski BE, Hughey LC, Sobera JO, Hay R. Fungal diseases. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Schaffer JV, eds. Dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 77. [PAR] Hay RJ. Dermatophytosis (ringworm) and other superficial mycoses. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 268. [PAR] Read More[DOC] [TLE] Health& - Tinea Health& - Tinea [PAR] Tinea [PAR] Content [PAR] What is tinea? [PAR] Tinea refers to a group of fungal skin infections that includes athlete's foot , jock itch and 'ringworm' (which is not due to a worm, but rather a fungus that causes ring-shaped rashes). It can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly affects the feet, scalp and fingernails. Its appearance depends on what type of tinea it is (see 'Types' below). [PAR] Causes [PAR] Tinea is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes that live on the outer layer of skin. They use a component of skin, called keratin , as an energy source. The severity of your symptoms usually depends on the species and strain of fungus that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u2018The unspeakable in full pursuit of the uneatable\u2019 \u2013 Oscar ... \u2018The unspeakable in full pursuit of the uneatable\u2019 \u2013 Oscar Wilde / FRFI 182 Dec 2004 / Jan 2005 [PAR] \u2018The unspeakable in full pursuit of the uneatable\u2019 \u2013 Oscar Wilde / FRFI 182 Dec 2004 / Jan 2005 [PAR] Created: Thursday, 24 September 2009 13:30 [PAR] FRFI 182 December 2004 / January 2005 [PAR] \u2018The unspeakable in full pursuit of the uneatable\u2019 \u2013 Oscar Wilde [PAR] After a merry chase through English parliamentary procedure, hunting with dogs was finally banned by Act of Parliament on 18 November. Prime Minister Blair tried a final decoy to delay the ban until after the general election (he will need their votes), but with no luck. The horn has been sounded Tally-ho! The hunters are pledged to disrupt the nation, the general election and all things foreign (ie urban) until they get their way and are able to pursue small animals across the countryside and tear them to pieces for pleasure once more (more endearing are their badges enscribed \u2018Bollocks to Blair\u2019). [PAR] But contrary to Countryside Alliance and pro-hunting claims, according to a Mori Poll published in The Guardian on 18 December 2001, 83% of people in the UK think hunting is cruel, unnecessary or unacceptable. In a Gallup poll for the Daily Telegraph in 1997, 77% of rural dwellers disapproved of fox hunting. [PAR] The Act will outlaw the cruel and barbaric killing of animals for pleasure. Other blood \u2018sports\u2019 which involve cruelty to animals, such as hare coursing, badger baiting, cock fighting and dog fighting, were outlawed long ago. The pro-hunters claim that their pastime is not cruel and helps to rid the countryside of predatory pests which kill farm animals like lambs and chickens. In fact foxes feed mainly on rabbits and rats \u2013 a benefit to farmers. There are estimated to be 250,000 adult foxes in the UK, producing about 400,000 cubs a year, most of which will die in their first year of life. Humans kill about 400,000 foxes a year so a ban on fox hunting, which kills about 20,000 a year at most, will have little impact on the numbers. [PAR] Far worse than their disgusting pleasures, however, are the claims of the pro-hunting, landed elite that they are the guardians and custodians of the English landscape, who know best how to protect English heritage. The landowners have successfully harnessed a general feeling of grievance in rural areas as a result of a crisis in farming in order to defend their wealth, power and privilege. They shamelessly portray themselves as defenders of working people\u2019s jobs, homes and futures. [PAR] The United Kingdom consists of 60 million acres. 41 million of these are designated \u2018agricultural land\u2019. 15 million acres are considered \u2018waste\u2019 and consist of forests, rivers, mountains and are predominantly owned by the Forestry Commission and the Ministry of Defence. That leaves four million acres for \u2018urban plot\u2019. Of this total 60 million acres, 69% is owned by 0.6% of the population. That means that 158,000 families own 41 million acres and 24 million families live on four million acres. According to current figures, land is more fairly distributed in Brazil than in the Britain. [PAR] English landowners have consistently damaged the English countryside in favour of profits and subsidies. They have persistently destroyed wildlife habitats like woodland and hedgerows. Their gamekeepers trap and poison birds of prey to protect their pheasants (for profitable shoots), and their sheep are dipped in noxious chemicals which poison farmworkers, rivers and fish. Conservators and guardians"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Babar | fictional character | Britannica.com Babar | fictional character | Britannica.com [PAR] fictional character [PAR] Hardy Boys [PAR] Babar, fictional character, a sartorially splendid elephant who is the hero of illustrated storybooks for young children by the French writer and illustrator Jean de Brunhoff (1899\u20131937) and his son Laurent. The first Babar book, L\u2019Histoire de Babar, le petit \u00e9l\u00e9phant (1931; The Story of Babar, the Little Elephant), describes how the young elephant runs away to town when his mother is shot by hunters; eventually he returns to the forest and is crowned king. Other books in the original series are Le Roi Babar (1933; Babar the King), ABC de Babar (1934; Babar\u2019s ABC), Le Voyage de Babar (1932; The Travels of Babar), and Babar et le P\u00e8re No\u00ebl (1941; Babar and Father Christmas), the last two published posthumously. Laurent de Brunhoff, who was 12 when his father died, continued the Babar series after his father\u2019s death. Laurent de Brunhoff\u2019s Babar books include Babar et ce coquin d\u2019Arthur (1946; Babar and That Rascal Arthur) and Babar\u2019s Celesteville Games (2011). [PAR] The Babar books became the subject of controversy when Chilean writer Ariel Dorfman (in The Empire\u2019s Old Clothes, 1983) and others decried what they saw as French colonialism as the central allegory of the series. Still other critics found the books sexist and elitist. Nevertheless, the Babar books have been translated into many languages, and their characters and charming drawings have remained popular throughout the world. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bonneville Salt Flats | Utah.com Bonneville Salt Flats | Utah.com [PAR] Top 5 Other Playgrounds 9 Bizarre Places [PAR] Bonneville Salt Flats [PAR] Imagine a place so flat you seem to see the curvature of the planet, so barren not even the simplest life forms can exist. [PAR] Plan Your Trip [PAR] Imagine the passing thunder of strange vehicles hurtling by on a vast dazzling white plain. This is not an alien world far from earth; it is Utah's famous Bonneville Salt Flats. Read more... [PAR] [PAR] Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 [PAR] 801-534-4900 [PAR] 17.1\" Avg. Snowfall (inches) [PAR] [PAR] The Bonneville Salt Flats is one of the most unique natural features in Utah, stretching over 30,000 acres. It is located along I-80 near the Utah-Nevada border. [PAR] Location [PAR] The Bonneville Salt Flats are found west of the Great Salt Lake , in western Utah. They cover a large area and have a very unique environment. The flats can easily be seen as you drive I-80 between Salt Lake City and Wendover, NV. [PAR] The famous Bonneville Speedway is located in the western portion of the flats, near Wendover. It is perfectly flat and has a thick crust of salty soil. It looks like a frozen lake bed covered with snow. No vegetation grows in that area. [PAR] In other places, low mountains and hills break up the flat landscape. Sparse vegetation grows on hillsides and is pushing into the flat areas. On hot days, heat waves rise from the salty soil and create mirages that look amazingly real. If you believe your eyes, the dry desert looks like it is covered by water. [PAR] Best Viewpoint [PAR] Perhaps the most impressive spot to view the Salt Flats is along along I-80, about 10 miles east of Wendover. A rest stop has been established there (offering restrooms and water). The rest area is surrounded by perfectly flat land that looks like it is covered by snow. To the north and west, low mountains break the view. To the east and south, it looks like flat land extends virtually forever. [PAR] At the rest stop you can walk out onto the salty soil. When you return, a water spray station has been set up so you can wash the salt from your shoes. [PAR] Geology & Environment [PAR] The Salt Flats were formed when ancient lake Lake Bonneville dried up. The lake was huge, filling much of the Great Basin. It eventually shrank below its outlet and so its water became salty. As water continued to evaporate, salt deposits were left in many areas. The Great Salt Lake is a remnant of Lake Bonneville. [PAR] Several roads probe the Salt Flats from many directions. They often extend into very remote locations where conditions are harsh and there are no services. [PAR] The flats include a variety of micro environments. In some spots the soil is so salty it prevents vegetation growth. These spots seem to be totally desolate. In other places you will find numerous kinds of plants and animals. Ponds and marshy areas can be found in spots near the edges of the flats and they provide critical habitat for plants and animals. [PAR] The environment is fragile and needs to be treated with respect. When you drive, stay on established roads. If you camp or hike, do so in ways that are environmentally friendly. [PAR] The federal government owns almost all of the land in this area and large portions are used by the military for storage depots, test areas and bombing ranges. These sections"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear Of Otters - Fear of Stuff Fear Of Otters - Fear of Stuff [PAR] Fear of Stuff [PAR] Comments [PAR] The otter is a cute little creature. Watching an otter twist and turn in the water and poke its head up to the surface can be great fun. However, humans and otters are not a good match. Otters have certain behaviors that can cause aversions in men, women, and children. If you fear otters, you suffer from Lutraphobia. [PAR] Some Common Reasons For Lutraphobia [PAR] There are some pretty valid reasons to fear these furry little creatures, since they don\u2019t mesh well with the human race. They may look sweet and harmless, but they exhibit some traits that can be off-putting. One thing that otters do that can be loathsome to some is spray. Animals spray to mark their territory and the musky, animal stench of otter spray is not generally appreciated by humans. [PAR] Otters also have very sharp teeth, and they won\u2019t hesitate to use them in defense. An otter bite can really hurt! If you observe an otter and the way it feeds, you\u2019ll see that its sharp teeth can be threatening. Like all animals, otters must prey on other creatures to stay alive. While they appear cuddly and playful, they are efficient predators in their own way. [PAR] Otters Are Night Creatures [PAR] Otters are nocturnal. They are aquatic mammals from the mustelid (weasel) family. Their mustelid nature makes them clever, playful, and, when threatened, quite agressive. If an otter is startled while in the water, they may hiss and attempt to bite the one they fear. They are not timid animals. The otter is a solitary creature, who uses the cover of darkness to feed and take care of its needs. Otters are bright, and they fashion tools out of stones in order to open hard shells and eat. [PAR] Otter Attacks [PAR] In California, in 2004, a family went swimming in a seemingly peaceful stretch of river. The young boy who encountered an otter while out with his family was bitten and scratched by an otter he met in the water. The otter attacked the upper area of his body that was above the surface, then submerged and bit his trunk and legs. [PAR] When his mother attempted to fight off the otter, she was likewise attacked. Eventually, the pair escaped the attack, and both required medical care at emergency. The cuts the boy received were quite serious. [PAR] Rabies shots were also required, as the animal was uncharacteristically violent and agressive. While otters do bite, they do not generally continue their attacks so intensely for such a long time. [PAR] The Sea Otter Has Been Preyed On By Humans [PAR] In the early twentieth century, the otter\u2019s soft, thick fur was prized by hunters, and fetched a good price in the marketplace. The otter was therefore aggressively hunted and killed in large numbers, for its pelt alone. In 1911, the killing of sea otters was outlawed, because the species had been decimated and was on the edge of extinction. [PAR] Symptoms Of Lutraphobia [PAR] If you fear otters, you will be unlikely to swim in rivers and other bodies of water where they congregate. You will be more comfortable in man-made swimming pools. You may fear dark water at night, where many creatures lurk beneath the still surface. You may also shun aquariums where otters play and twirl in special enclosures. Large numbers of otters in one place will make you stressed and avoidant. [PAR] You may suffer from panic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Owen Parker: Edward Heath's sailing master | Obituaries ... Owen Parker: Edward Heath's sailing master | The Independent [PAR] Owen Parker: Edward Heath's sailing master [PAR] Tuesday 22 July 2008 23:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Owen Parker, best known as Sir Edward Heath's sailing master, was one of the best-known yachtsmen of his generation and managed all of Heath's Morning Cloud yachts and their crews. [PAR] In 1969, this partnership became the first foreign entry to win the famous Sydney-Hobart Classic. They went on to represent Britain in the winning Admiral's Cup team with Morning Cloud II in 1971, won Burnham Week with Morning Cloud III in 1972, represented Britain with Morning Cloud IV in the 1973 Admiral's Cup and again in 1979 with Morning Cloud V. The team continued racing right through to that year's infamous Fastnet Race when 15 lives were lost. Morning Cloud V finished the race, but Heath took such a buffeting during the 605-mile race to the Fastnet Rock and back to Plymouth that he never raced again. [PAR] Attending the recent relaunch of Morning Cloud II, now named Opposition, at the Clare Lallow yard in Cowes that had built the yacht, Parker recounted how Heath had woken him during the Sydney-Hobart yacht race saying that the boat was surrounded by killer whales. \"What should I do?\" he asked. Parker answered \"Pray, sir, pray\", then rolled over and went back to sleep. Parker wrote about his experiences sailing with Heath in his book Tack Now Skipper (1979). [PAR] Ronald Cecil Maurice Victor Parker was born in 1932 in Netley, Southampton. His father, Owen Parker, was a fisherman, shipwright and professional sailor who crewed on Sir Thomas Sopwith's J Class America's Cup challenge yacht Endeavour. Ronald left school at 14 to follow in his father's footsteps, picked up the name \"Young Owen\", and when his father died playing football at the age of 42, the name \"Owen\" stuck with him. [PAR] Owen got his first paid hand post in 1946 aboard the 96ft luxury yacht Leander, then jumped ship to Clover the following season \"for better pay\", earning the princely sum of \u00a31 a week. His first racing experience came under the command of Mrs Drayfus in her 6m yacht Thistle, competing in the Solent and Cowes Week. [PAR] During the 1950s, he became the paid hand aboard a yacht owned by John Miller, the aircraft component manufacturer, and spent time in America where he became an expert at varnishing. In the late Fifties, Miller became involved in a yacht fittings company on the South Coast and employed Parker. He went to work for the winch manufacturer Lewmar in 1960 and then moved to the Southampton-based chandlery Montague-Smith, where he graduated to managing director. [PAR] Parker continued racing, acting as the paid hand aboard Guy Bowles' Camper & Nicholson yacht Gay Gauntlet. Bowles later commissioned a series of highly successful race yachts all named Sunmaid, which Parker oversaw and campaigned. [PAR] In 1964, Owen Aisher, the Marley tile magnate, persuaded Parker to join his crew on the 12m Kurrewa, a British contender for the America's Cup. Shortly after, the skipper Stan Bishop died, and Parker took over the captaincy. They were beaten in the British trials by Sovereign. [PAR] Parker rejoined Guy Bowles and commissioned Sunmaid V for the 1965 season, which proved the boat to beat for the next four seasons. At the tail end of the 1969 racing season, Parker was invited to join the crew of East Coast sailors that Ted Heath had pulled together"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Cromwell - Wikiquote Oliver Cromwell - Wikiquote [PAR] Oliver Cromwell [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] I had rather have a plain, russet-coated Captain, that knows what he fights for, and loves what he knows, than that you call a Gentleman and is nothing else. [PAR] Oliver Cromwell ( 25 April 1599 \u2013 3 September 1658 ) was an English statesman, soldier, and revolutionary responsible for the overthrow of the monarchy, temporarily turning England into a republican Commonwealth, and assuming rule as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Quotes[ edit ] [PAR] A few honest men are better than numbers. [PAR] We declared our intentions to preserve monarchy, and they still are so, unless necessity enforce an alteration\u2026 [PAR] Do not trust to that; for these very persons would shout as much if you and I were going to be hanged. [PAR] I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ , think it possible you may be mistaken . [PAR] No one rises so high as he who knows not whither he is going. [PAR] You have sat too long for any good you have been doing lately... Depart, I say; and let us have done with you. In the name of God , go! [PAR] Though peace be made, yet it's interest that keep peace. [PAR] Necessity hath no law . Feigned necessities, imagined necessities... are the greatest cozenage that men can put upon the Providence of God , and make pretenses to break known rules by. [PAR] Use all your skill to paint my picture truly like me, and not flatter me at all; but remark all these roughnesses, pimples, warts, and everything as you see me... [PAR] My work is done [PAR] Now I see there is a people risen that I cannot win with gifts or honours, offices or places; but all other sects and people I can. [PAR] If the remonstrance had been rejected I would have sold all I had the next morning and never have seen England more, and I know there are many other modest men of the same resolution. [PAR] On the passing of the revolutionary Grand Remonstrance of November 1641 listing Parliament's grievances against King Charles I , as quoted in A History of the Rebellion (first published 1702 \u2013 1704) by Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon (1609 - 1674). [PAR] I had rather have a plain, russet-coated Captain, that knows what he fights for, and loves what he knows, than that you call a Gentleman and is nothing else. [PAR] Letter to Sir William Spring (September 1643). [PAR] A few honest men are better than numbers. [PAR] Letter to Sir William Spring (September 1643). [PAR] The State, in choosing men to serve it, takes no notice of their opinions . If they be willing faithfully to serve it, that satisfies. [PAR] Statement before the battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644). [PAR] God made them as stubble to our swords . [PAR] Letter to Colonel Valentine Walton (5 July 1644). [PAR] Truly England and the church of God hath had a great favour from the Lord, in this great victory given us. [PAR] Letter to Colonel Valentine Walton (5 July 1644). [PAR] We study the glory of God , and the honour and liberty of parliament, for which we unanimously fight, without seeking our own interests... I profess I could never satisfy myself on the justness of this war, but from the authority of the parliament to maintain itself in its rights; and in this cause I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Belgium Football - Football.com | Europe Belgium Football - Football.com | Europe [PAR] Europe [PAR] Belgium [PAR] Are You Visible? [PAR] Register for a Player Page and get your talent in front of the people who matter to your career."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gustav Klimt - Symbolist Painter - The Art History Archive Gustav Klimt - Symbolist Painter - The Art History Archive [PAR] Web sites for famous artists: Gustav Klimt , Joan Miro , Edvard Munch . [PAR] The Vienna Secession [PAR] Gustav Klimt was one of the founding members and president of the Vienna Secession (Wiener Sezession) in 1897 and of the group's periodical Ver Sacrum (Sacred Spring). The group's goals were to provide exhibitions for unconventional young artists and to bring the best foreign artists works to Vienna. Klimt remained with the Secession group until 1908. [PAR] The group had no manifesto and did not encourage any particular style and thus Naturalists, Realists, and Symbolists all coexisted. The government supported their efforts and gave them a lease on public land to erect an exhibition hall. The group's symbol was Pallas Athena , the Greek goddess of wisdom and the arts (Klimt painted his version of Pallas Athena in 1898). [PAR] The creation of the Vienna Secession however was not without controversy. Klimt and several other Vienna Secession artists were also members of K\ufffdnstlerhausgenossenschaft (Association of Viennese Artists), which previously had maintained a near monopoly on the exhibition and dealing in local art and disliked the idea of immigrant competition. In May 1897 the K\ufffdnstlerhausgenossenschaft committee passed a motion of censure against the Vienna Secession. Gustav Klimt, Carl Moll, Josef Engelhart and eight others walked out of the meeting, leaving the Association for good. [PAR] The Vienna Secession building was designed by member Joseph-Maria Olbrich. Above the main entrance, the following words appeared: Der Zeit ihre Kunst, der Kunst ihre Freiheit (`To every age its art, to art its freedom'). The building was essentially a historicist work, with much style and ornament: \"Everything had to be clothed in earnest dignity. Pure dignity of the sort which came over me and made me tremble as I stood in solitude before the uncompleted temple at Segesta.\" [PAR] The first large exhibition of foreign work organised by the Secession occurred in 1898. With 57,000 visitors, and over a third of the exhibits sold, the exhibition was a great success: Modern art had been introduced to Vienna. By 1900, the Secession had replaced K\ufffdnstlerhausgenossenschaft both as the receiver of international requests for exhibits and as the premier artist association in Vienna. [PAR] As a selector of material for exhibits, producing graphics for and being a member of the editorial staff of Ver Sacrum, Klimt remained at the centre of Secession activity until 1905 when internal strains between factions caused Klimt and several close associates to resign. The Secession never recovered. Klimt and others went on to form a new association, Kunstschau (`Art Show'), taking the motto from the Secession building with them. [PAR] In the late 1890s Klimt took annual summer holidays with the Fl\ufffdge family on the shores of Attersee and painted many of his landscapes there. These works constitute the only genre aside from the figure that seriously interested Gustav Klimt, and are of a number and quality so as to merit a separate appreciation. Klimt's landscapes are characterized by the same refinement of design and emphatic patterning as the figural pieces. Deep space in the Attersee works is so efficiently flattened to a single plane, some believe that Klimt painted them while looking through a telescope. [PAR] Controversy and Shotguns [PAR] In 1893 the Klimt brothers and Matsch were commissioned for the production of decorations for the Kunsthistorisches Hofmuseum for the decoration of a hall in the new University of Vienna. This commission was different from previous ones in that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia Bugs Bunny | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character, best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of theatrical short films produced by Warner Bros. during the 1940s, 50s and 60s. His popularity during this era led to his becoming an American cultural icon, as well as a corporate mascot of the Warner Bros. company. He was created by the staff of Leon Schlesinger Productions (later Warner Bros. Cartoons ) and voiced originally by the \"Man of a Thousand Voices\", Mel Blanc . [PAR] Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray hare and is famous for his relaxed, passive personality, pronounced New York accent (Blanc described the voice as being a mixture of Brooklyn and Bronx accents [1] ), depiction as a mischievous trickster, and his catchphrase \"Eh, what's up, doc?\" (usually said while chewing a carrot). Bugs has appeared in more films (both short and feature-length) than any other cartoon character, has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and is the 9th most-portrayed film personality in the world. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Bugs' precursor [PAR] Bugs' evolution from Happy Rabbit to the present [PAR] Happy Rabbit , a hare with some of the personality of Bugs (though looking very different), made his first appearance in the cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt , released on April 30, 1938. Co-directed by Ben Hardaway and an uncredited Cal Dalton (who was responsible for the initial design of the rabbit), this short has an almost identical plot to Tex Avery 's Porky's Duck Hunt , which had introduced Daffy Duck . Hare Hunt replaced the little black duck with a small white rabbit. Porky Pig was again cast as a hunter tracking a silly prey who is more interested in driving his pursuer insane and less interested in escaping. Happy introduced himself with the odd expression \"Jiggers, fellers,\" and Mel Blanc gave the character a voice and laugh much like those he would later use for Woody Woodpecker. Hare Hunt also gave Happy the famous Groucho Marx line, \"Of course you realize, this means war!\" The rabbit character was popular enough with audiences that the Termite Terrace staff decided to use it again. [PAR] Happy returned in the short Prest-O Change-O , directed by Chuck Jones , where he is the pet rabbit of unseen character Sham-Fu The Magician. Two dogs, fleeing the local dogcatcher, enter his absent master's house. Happy harasses them, but is ultimately bested by the bigger of the two dogs. [PAR] Happy's third appearance came in Hare-um Scare-um , once again directed by Cal and Ben. This short (the first in which he is depicted as a gray bunny instead of a white one) is also notable as Happy's first singing role. Charlie Thorson, lead animator on the short, gave the character a different name. He had written \"Bugs' Bunny\" on the model sheet that he drew for Ben. In promotional material for the short, including a surviving 1939 press kit, the name on the model sheet was altered to become the rabbit's own name: \"Bugs\" Bunny (quotation marks only used, on and off, until 1944). [PAR] In Chuck Jones' Elmer's Candid Camera , Happy met Elmer Fudd for the first time. In this cartoon, Happy looked more like the present-day Bugs, taller and with a similar face\u2014-but retaining the more primitive voice. Candid Cameras Elmer character design was also different: fatter and taller than the modern model, although Arthur Q."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Clarinet Players Famous Clarinet Players [PAR] Famous Clarinet Players [PAR] All-time Famous Clarinet Players, Solo, Orchestral, Jazz, Grammy, Klezmer, World, Orchestral Principals [PAR] Fame and clarinet: Who are the famous clarinet players? If you were to ask the man or woman on the street, they might say Kenny G. (not knowing he\u2019s a saxophonist) or give you a really funny look and return the question - \u201cUh, famous clarinetists?\u201d [PAR] This \u201cperson on the street\u201d from the 1930s to at least the 1990s would say Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw or Woody Herman hands down. These famous clarinet players were the bandleader/clarinetists that rocked the world during the big-band era. [PAR] Can this Puppy Resist Clarinet Shoes? What is in the box? [PAR] All-time Famous Clarinet Players - Goodman, Shaw and Herman [PAR] Famous Clarinet Players - Benny Goodman [PAR] Hum? Let's get a glimse of why these clarinetists lit the world on fire with clarinet \"back in the day.\" Here is the Benny Goodman Orchestra playing Sing, Sing, Sing featuring Gene Krupa-Drums, Harry James-Trumpet from the film Hollywood Hotel from 1937. [PAR] The following method includes the music to Sing, Sing, Sing. [PAR] look inside [PAR] Benny Goodman (Jazz Play-Along Volume 86). By Benny Goodman. For C Instruments, Bass Clef Instruments, Bb Instruments, Eb Instruments. Jazz Play Along. Play Along. Softcover with CD. 72 pages. Published by Hal Leonard (HL.843110). [PAR] FAMOUS CLARINET PLAYERS - LEARN MORE ABOUT BENNY GOODMAN, AND MAYBE HOW TO SWING LIKE THE KING OF SWING. [PAR] Famous Clarinet Players - Artie Shaw [PAR] Then you have Artie Shaw. Below is a video of Artie Shaw\u2019s playing his Concerto for Clarinet. You'll see and hear his stature as a clarinetist, bandleader and entertainer from the 1940 film Second Chorus. [PAR] Artie Shaw's Jazz Technic, Book 2 - 14 Clarinet Etudes (Fourteen Clarinet Etudes). For clarinet. Method/Instruction; Technique Musicianship; Woodwind - Clarinet Method or Collection. Swing and Instructional. Clarinet instruction book. Standard notation and instructional text. 16 pages. Published by Alfred Music (AP.EL9502). [PAR] This Eddie Daniels method has Shaw's signature tune in it: Begin the Beguine [PAR] look inside [PAR] The Music of Eddie Daniels (Clarinet). By Eddie Daniels. Edited by Pete Barenbregge. For clarinet solo. Artist/Personality; Lead Sheet; Woodwind - Clarinet Method or Collection. Jazz and Hard Bop. Difficulty: medium-difficult. Instrumental solo book. Standard notation. 80 pages. Published by Alfred Music (AP.0742B). [PAR] Famous Clarinet Players - Soloists [PAR] Famous Clarinet Players - Sabine Meyer and Julian Bliss [PAR] One of clarinet's new superstars is Julian Bliss. He collaborated, and studied with, Sabine Meyer, one of the greatest German clarinetists and also one of the top clarinet soloists in the world. [PAR] There was a great promotional video in this spot before that is now off YouTube. You can still experience their amazing artistry here with the Concerto for Two Clarinets in Eb Op. 91: mvt. 1- Allegro by Franz Krommer [PAR] If you are interested in learning the Spohr and Krommer works on the Bliss/Meyer CD, check them out here... [PAR] look inside [PAR] Clarinet Concerto in Eb Major Op.36 Composed by Franz Krommer (1759-1831). Edited by Berlasz. For clarinet, piano. Clarinet and Piano. Published by Edition Kunzelmann (PE.GM0217). [PAR] While clarinetists today aren\u2019t necessarily household names like Britney Spears and Tom Cruise (thank goodness for us and the players), there are clarinet superstars among the classical, jazz and klezmer styles. Here is a small selection of names of famous clarinetists: Famous Clarinet Players - Richard Stoltzman Richard Stoltzman, Grammy-Award winning clarinetist, plays some music and talks about his experiences working"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Elbrus the highest mountain in Europe. The western ... Mount Elbrus the highest mountain in Europe. The western Caucasus mountain [PAR] [PAR] Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe [PAR] Mount Elbrus or Happiness Mountain is a dormant volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay\ufffdCherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia. Mt. Elbrus's peak is the highest in the Caucasus, in Russia. [PAR] Elbrus stands 20 km (12 mi) north of the main range of the Greater Caucasus and 65 km (40 mi) south-southwest of the Russian town of Kislovodsk. Its permanent icecap feeds 22 glaciers, which in turn give rise to the Baksan, Kuban, and Malka Rivers. Elbrus sits on a moving tectonic area, and has been linked to a fault. A supply of magma lies deep beneath the dormant volcano. [PAR] The volcano is currently considered inactive, as no eruptions have ever been recorded. Still Elbrus was active in the Holocene. According to the Global Volcanism Program the last eruption took place between 0 and 100 AD. Evidence of recent volcanism includes several lava flows on the mountain, which look fresh, and roughly 260 square kilometres (100 sq mi) of volcanic debris. The longest flow extends 24 kilometres (15 mi) down the northeast summit, indicative of a large eruption. There are still more various signs of activity still present on the volcano, including solfataric activity and hot springs. The western summit has a well preserved volcanic crater about 250 m in diameter. [PAR] Elbrus is the largest center of modern glaciation. Both peaks are covered with a solid firn cover, from which disperse 23 of the glacier. 17 of them powerful, the first category. Seven large glaciers flow down to the North and belong to the basin of the river Malka. Ice - like material, and under the influence of the natural slope of the mountain and its mass flows. Average speed of movement of glaciers is about 0.5 meters per day. The total area of perpetual snow and ice on mount Elbrus reaches 135 square kilometers. The power of the ice reaches in some places 400 m. For comparison it should be noted, that the total area of glaciation of the Caucasus - 2000 sq. km. [PAR] Legend about the Elbrus. [PAR] In the old days, when in place of the Caucasus mountain range stretched fertile plains, there lived the legendary sledge-heroes. Leader they had a mighty prince Elbrus. He had a son, a fearless horseman and warrior Beshtau. Blithely proceeded life Beshtau in raids on foreign nations, and among the merry feasts with friends. He understood the language of animals, and always in the campaigns of the valleys and forests, he was accompanied by a clever, quiet snake, tough Camel Bull athlete, a fierce lion. But one day he saw a beautiful woman Beshtau Mashuk in the nearby village, and flared between passionate love. He came to his father and asked permission for the wedding. For three days and nights walking on her sled. But everything became darker and darker Elbrus, which has crept into the heart belated sizzling love for young Mashuk. And he thought of black business, called his son and told him to go to a distant raid emegenov ferocious tribe, people eaters. Dared not disobey his father Beshtau, gathered his young dzhigits and went to distant lands. For a long time he did not return, and Elbrus spread the rumor about the death of Beshtau Mashuk and forced to become his wife. He put on her massive gold ring on his finger, imprisoned in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lungs (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Definition ... The Lungs (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Definition, Conditions [PAR] Human Anatomy [PAR] Picture of the Lungs [PAR] \u00a9 2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. [PAR] The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic. [PAR] The bronchioles eventually end in clusters of microscopic air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood . Carbon dioxide , a waste product of metabolism , travels from the blood to the alveoli, where it can be exhaled. Between the alveoli is a thin layer of cells called the interstitium, which contains blood vessels and cells that help support the alveoli. [PAR] The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the pleura. The same kind of thin tissue lines the inside of the chest cavity -- also called pleura. A thin layer of fluid acts as a lubricant allowing the lungs to slip smoothly as they expand and contract with each breath. [PAR] Lung Conditions [PAR] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ): Damage to the lungs results in difficulty blowing air out, causing shortness of breath. Smoking is by far the most common cause of COPD. [PAR] Emphysema : A form of COPD usually caused by smoking . The fragile walls between the lungs' air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, trapping air in the lungs and making breathing difficult. [PAR] Chronic bronchitis : Repeated, frequent episodes of productive cough, usually caused by smoking . Breathing also becomes difficult in this form of COPD. [PAR] Pneumonia : Infection in one or both lungs. Bacteria, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, are the most common cause. [PAR] Asthma : The lungs' airways (bronchi) become inflamed and can spasm, causing shortness of breath and wheezing . Allergies , viral infections , or air pollution often trigger asthma symptoms . [PAR] Acute bronchitis : An infection of the lungs' large airways (bronchi), usually caused by a virus. Cough is the main symptom of acute bronchitis . [PAR] Pulmonary fibrosis : A form of interstitial lung disease . The interstitium (walls between air sacs) become scarred, making the lungs stiff and causing shortness of breath. [PAR] Sarcoidosis : Tiny areas of inflammation can affect all organs in the body, with the lungs involved most of the time. The symptoms are usually mild; sarcoidosis is usually found when X-rays are done for other reasons. [PAR] Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: Extra weight makes it difficult to expand the chest when breathing. This can lead to long-term breathing problems . [PAR] Pleural effusion : Fluid builds up in the normally tiny space between the lung and the inside of the chest wall (the pleural space). If large, pleural effusions can cause problems with breathing. [PAR] Pleurisy : Inflammation of the lining of the lung (pleura), which often causes pain when breathing in. Autoimmune conditions, infections, or a pulmonary embolism may cause pleurisy . [PAR] Bronchiectasis: The airways (bronchi) become inflamed and expand abnormally, usually after repeated infections. Coughing , with large amounts of mucus, is the main symptom of bronchiectasis. [PAR] Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( LAM ): A rare condition in which cysts form throughout the lungs, causing breathing problems similar to emphysema . LAM occurs almost exclusively in women of childbearing age. [PAR] Cystic fibrosis : A genetic condition in which mucus does not clear easily from the airways. The excess mucus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best British Films: School for Scoundrels (1960) Best British Films: School for Scoundrels (1960) [PAR] Monday, 20 February 2012 [PAR] School for Scoundrels (1960) [PAR] The poster publicity for School for Scoundrels (1960) described the film as an \u201chysterical British satire\u201d. It boasts a heavyweight cast, populated by many of the comic superstars of the day, among them Ian Carmichael, Terry-Thomas, Dennis Price, Peter Jones, Irene Handl, John Le Mesurier, Hattie Jacques, Hugh Paddick, Gerald Campion and, to top the tree, the inimitable Alastair Sim, albeit in a slightly understated performance as Stephen Potter, Principle of Yeovil\u2019s College of Lifemanship. School for Scoundrels, although released in 1960, is very much a film of the 1950s in terms of the attitudes and values it both satirises and portrays. Despite its subject matter it maintains a certain decorum and gentility lacking from the crass innuendo and double entendres which were to characterise British comedy in the 60s, notably in the form of the \u201cCarry On\u201d series. In addition to it being a genuinely funny film, School for Scoundrels is an interesting and informative snapshot of where a certain echelon of British society was at the point where one largely unremarkable decade tipped over into another which history has celebrated, for better or worse. [PAR] School for Scoundrels is based on the 1947 book by Stephen Potter, The Theory and Practice of Gamesmanship (or the Art of Winning Games without Actually Cheating). Indeed, the subtitle of the film is a slight adaptation of this, How to Succeed in Life Without Actually Cheating). It is notable that the ideas upon which the film is based stem from an earlier decade, since it is certain that the world in which School for Scoundrels is set would have had few echoes for the great majority of its audience. It is a world of swish, if snooty, [PAR] West End [PAR] restaurants, flash cars and exclusive country clubs. The film manages to hold this world and its characters up to gentle ridicule whilst simultaneously evoking its attraction and the somewhat guilty pleasure in the audience that they would like to share in such a pleasant existence. [PAR] The premise of the film is simple: life is divided into winners and losers; you are either one-up or one-down. Our hero, Henry Palfrey (Ian Carmichael), is decidedly the last of these. Although wealthy, Henry is clearly a loser. Nominally the head of a business he has inherited from his uncle, Henry role at work is limited to \u201csignatures\u201d rather than \u201cdecisions\u201d; he is dominated by his overbearing chief clerk Gloatbridge (played effectively by Edward Chapman). He is clumsy, as witnessed by the way he collides with April Smith (Janette Scott) whilst attempting to board a bus she is stepping down from and sending her flying, ruining her stockings into the process. Initially we may believe that Henry has struck gold when April genuinely takes a shine to him and agrees to dine with him that evening. Naturally, fate intervenes. Gloatbridge has either deliberately sabotaged Henry\u2019s instruction to book a table for two at the Camellia Room or got the name wrong accidentally; either way, by the time the booking for Mr. Poultry has been discovered by the overbearingly snooty maitre d\u2019 (John Le Mesurier) it\u2019s too late and the table has gone. [PAR] If you thought things couldn\u2019t get any worse, then the arrival of Raymond Delauney (Terry-Thomas) proves you entirely wrong. Henry knows Delauney from the Tennis Club and the roguish, caddish Delauney takes one look at April and knows a good thing when he sees"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] badge rank British Royal Navy Rear-Admiral (INS 42892) badge, rank, British, Royal Navy, Rear-Admiral (INS 42892) [PAR] badge, rank, British, Royal Navy, Rear-Admiral [PAR] Catalogue number [PAR] whole: Height 135 mm, Width 58 mm [PAR] Alternative names [PAR] full name: badge, rank, British, Royal Navy, Rear-Admiral [PAR] simple name: badge, rank, British [PAR] Category [PAR] uniforms and insignia [PAR] If you are interested in the full range of licenses available for this material, please contact one of our collections sales and licensing teams. [PAR] Label [PAR] Shoulder straps were introduced in 1891 so that rank could be conveniently displayed on white uniform and greatcoats. Flag Officers (Commodore, 1st Class and above) wore shoulder straps in gold bearing the same devices as were worn on their epaulettes. Rear Admiral Dick was Captain of HMS Belfast between July 1944 and July 1946, and Chief of Staff of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1943. [PAR] Physical description [PAR] badges A silver sword and baton diagonally crossed, above two raised eight-pointed stars (or pips) in silver wire and sequins, onto a gold lace shoulder board with black border. Surmounting the sword and baton is a padded King's crown with red velvet, green and silver wire detail. A Royal Navy officers' button, consisting of an anchor, with wrapped cable, surmounted by a King's crown, within a laurel wreath and surrounded by a 'roped' border, embossed onto a slightly domed surface, is at the top of the board. [PAR] History note [PAR] Details can be found on HMS Belfast accession register. [PAR] History note [PAR] This item was previously entered as: INS 3073 which has since been overwritten. [PAR] Associated people and organisations [PAR] \u00a9 IWM 2016 [PAR] \u00a9 IWM 2017[DOC] [TLE] Ranks & roles - Royal Navy Ranks & roles [PAR] Ranks & Roles [PAR] Ratings [PAR] Are you a leader? Can you command respect? Look after the morale and lives of the men and women under your charge? And ensure the success of the mission? If the answer is yes, you could have what it takes to be a Royal Navy Officer. [PAR] Ranks [PAR] Midshipman [PAR] While you're still completing your training for your specialist role at Britannia Royal Naval College, you'll have the rank of Midshipman. [PAR] Sub-Lieutenant [PAR] After 12 months of service and while you're still training, you'll automatically be promoted to Sub-Lieutenant. [PAR] Lieutenant [PAR] Once you've moved into an operational environment, you'll automatically be promoted to Lieutenant, after 30 months as a Sub Lieutenant as long as you perform to the required standard. [PAR] Lieutenant Commander [PAR] You\u2019ll now be in charge of a department on a large ship of shore base, or Executive Officer (XO) or even Commanding Officer (CO) in a smaller unit. [PAR] Commander [PAR] You may command a warship or submarine, Fleet Air Arm squadron or shore establishment. You could also serve as a Staff Officer in the Ministry of Defence or the Permanent Joint Headquarters. [PAR] Captain [PAR] With the rank of Captain, you'll be commanding a large ship or hold a more senior position on shore. [PAR] Commodore [PAR] As a Commodore, you'll be the Commanding Officer of a large Royal Navy establishment and well on your way to the top. [PAR] Rear Admiral [PAR] As an officer of flag rank, you'll have your own flag flying on your ship or headquarters and be responsible for an entire capability within the Royal Navy. [PAR] Vice Admiral [PAR] By now a very senior officer, you'll be second-in-command to a full Admiral, and working at the level of government, helping to implement defence"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Australian National Flag and Other Flags of Australia Australian National Flag and Other Flags of Australia [PAR] Australian National Flag [PAR] The National Flag of Australia contains three elements: [PAR] The British Union Jack on a blue field - reflecting the historical origins of the Australian flag, [PAR] The Southern Cross - reflecting Australia's geographic position in the Southern Hemisphere, and [PAR] A seven pointed star - representing the Federation of six states, with an additional point to represent the territories collectively. [PAR] In addition to the Australian National Flag, there are several other flags used by the Australian Defence Forces and Commonwealth Government agencies. The Australian Army does not have a separate flag, but uses the Australian National Flag. The Australian Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islanders flag in 1995 were proclaimed to be Flags of Australia under the Flags Act 1953. Special flags are also used by HM the Queen when in Australia and by the Governor General. [PAR] Other Flags of Australia [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Defence Force Ensign - the flag represents the Australian Defence Force and the three services collectively. The dark blue stripe and the anchor in the central emblem represent the RAN, the red stripe and the crossed swords for the Australian Army, whilst the light blue stripe and eagle is for the RAAF. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian White Ensign - the national flag for use by commissioned warships and shore establishments of the Royal Australian Navy. The flag is flown by warships from the ensign staff at the stern. The blue Australian national flag is flown on the jack-staff at the bow, when vessels are in port. Prior to 1967, the RAN used the British White Ensign. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The RAAF Ensign - the official flag of the Royal Australian Air Force. The flag is flown at RAAF bases. Originally adopted in 1949, the ensign was modified in 1982 when the roundel was altered to include a red kangaroo. During World War II, the RAAF used the flag of the British Royal Air Force. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Red Ensign - the national flag for use by ships registered in Australia. From 1981 yachts and small ships may use the blue Australian National Flag in place of the Australian Red Ensign. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Customs flag - the flag used by vessels in the service of the Australian Customs Service. The flag is also painted on the fuselage of aircraft undertaking Customs duties. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Civil Aviation flag - originally used by aircraft (flown from the pilot's window after landing) and flown at all Australian airports and other properties controlled by the Department of Civil Aviation, the flag is now only used by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and Airservices Australia. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Australian Federal Police flag - used on buildings and facilities operated by the Australian Federal Police. The flag was adopted in 1981. The checked border is part of the design, not a fringe. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Australian Aboriginal Flag - A flag to represent and identify Australian Aboriginal people did not exist until 12 July 1971 when a flag designed by Mr Harold Thomas was first flown in Adelaide. The red stripe represents the land and the black symbolises the Aboriginal people. The yellow circle represents the Sun, the giver of life. Copyright of the Aboriginal Flag is owned by Mr Thomas who has granted an exclusive manufacturing licence to Carroll and Richardson Flagworld Pty Ltd. Originally designed in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Park (TV Series 1997\u2013 ) - IMDb South Park (TV Series 1997\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] Follows the misadventures of four irreverent grade-schoolers in the quiet, dysfunctional town of South Park, Colorado. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] The kids work around the clock to improve their character skills in \"World of Warcraft\" so that they can beat a fellow gamer who keeps violating the rules and killing everyone else's characters. [PAR] 9.6 [PAR] Cartman plans an elaborate revenge when an older boy cons him out of money. [PAR] 9.6 [PAR] Randy and Sharon realize too late that the box they have sent with the boys contains a porno rather than a copy of \"The Lord Of The Rings.\" As the parents race to stop them in time, the boys realize ... [PAR] 9.3 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 06 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 07 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 29 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 3 days ago [PAR] Search for \" South Park \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Primetime Emmys. Another 10 wins & 74 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The Simpsons (TV Series 1989) [PAR] Animation | Comedy [PAR] The satiric adventures of a working-class family in the misfit city of Springfield. [PAR] Stars: Dan Castellaneta, Nancy Cartwright, Julie Kavner [PAR] Fry, a pizza guy, is accidentally frozen in 1999 and thawed out New Year's Eve 2999. [PAR] Stars: Billy West, John DiMaggio, Katey Sagal [PAR] Family Guy (TV Series 1999) [PAR] Animation | Comedy [PAR] In a wacky Rhode Island town, a dysfunctional family strive to cope with everyday life as they are thrown from one crazy scenario to another. [PAR] Stars: Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green [PAR] American Dad! (TV Series 2005) [PAR] Animation | Comedy [PAR] The random escapades of Stan Smith, an extreme right wing CIA agent dealing with family life and keeping America safe, all in the most absurd way possible. [PAR] Stars: Seth MacFarlane, Wendy Schaal, Dee Bradley Baker [PAR] Covert black ops and espionage take a back seat to zany personalities and relationships between secret agents and drones. [PAR] Stars: H. Jon Benjamin, Judy Greer, Amber Nash [PAR] Rick and Morty (TV Series 2013) [PAR] Animation | Adventure | Comedy [PAR] An animated series that follows the exploits of a super scientist and his not so bright grandson. [PAR] Stars: Justin Roiland, Chris Parnell, Spencer Grammer [PAR] Arrested Development (TV Series 2003) [PAR] Comedy [PAR] Level-headed son Michael Bluth takes over family affairs after his father is imprisoned. But the rest of his spoiled, dysfunctional family are making his job unbearable. [PAR] Stars: Jason Bateman, Michael Cera, Portia de Rossi [PAR] An antisocial maverick doctor who specializes in diagnostic medicine does whatever it takes to solve puzzling cases that come his way using his crack team of doctors and his wits. [PAR] Stars: Hugh Laurie, Omar Epps, Robert Sean Leonard [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Moons Does Mercury Have? - Universe Today How Many Moons Does Mercury Have? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Many Moons Does Mercury Have? [PAR] Article Updated: 18 Apr , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Virtually every planet in the Solar System has moons. Earth has The Moon , Mars has Phobos and Deimos , and Jupiter and Saturn have 67 and 62 officially named moons, respectively. Heck, even the recently-demoted dwarf planet Pluto has five confirmed moons \u2013 Charon , Nix , Hydra , Kerberos and Styx. And even asteroids like 243 Ida may have satellites orbiting them (in this case, Dactyl). But what about Mercury ? [PAR] If moons are such a common feature in the Solar System, why is it that Mercury has none? Yes, if one were to ask how many satellites the planet closest to our Sun has, that would be the short answer. But answering it more thoroughly requires that we examine the process through which other planets acquired their moons, and seeing how these apply (or fail to apply) to Mercury. [PAR] To break it all down, there are three ways in which a body can acquire a natural satellite. These causes have been determined thanks to many decades of astronomers and physicists studying the various moons of the Solar System , and learning about their orbits and compositions. As a result, our scientists have a good idea of where these satellites came from and how they came to orbit their respective planets. [PAR] Montage of the Solar System\u2019s moons, shown to scale. Credit: planetary.org [PAR] Causes Of Natural Satellites: [PAR] First, a satellite (or satellites) may form from a circumplanetary disk of material that orbits a planet \u2013 similar to a protoplanetary disk around a star. In this scenarios, the disk gradually coalesces to form larger bodies, which may or may not be massive enough to undergo hydrostatic equilibrium (i.e. become spherical). This is how Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are believed to have acquired the majority of their larger satellites. [PAR] Second, satellites may be acquired when a small body is captured by the gravity of a larger body. This is believed to be the case where Mars\u2019 moons of Phobos and Deimos are concerned, as well as Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune\u2019s and Uranus\u2019 smaller, irregular moons. It is also believed that Neptune\u2019s largest moon, Triton , was once a Trans-Neptunian Object (TNO) that was ejected from the Kuiper Belt and then captured by Neptune\u2019s gravity. [PAR] Last, there is the possibility that moons are the result of massive collisions that caused a planet to ejected some of their material into space, which then coalesced to form a satellite in orbit. This is widely thought to be how The Moon was formed, when a Mars-sized object (often referred to as Theia ) collided with it 4.5 billion years ago. [PAR] Hill Sphere: [PAR] Also known as a Roche Sphere, a Hill Sphere is a region around an astronomical body where it dominates the attraction of satellites. The outer edge of this region constitutes a zero-velocity surface \u2013 which refers to a surface a body of given energy cannot cross, since it would have zero velocity on the surface. In order to orbit a planet, a moon must have an orbit that lies within the planet\u2019s Hill Sphere. [PAR] In other words, a Hill Sphere approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of a smaller body in the face of perturbations from a more massive body (i.e. the parent star). So when dealing with objects in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Walter Raleigh, Writer and Explorer - Timeline Index Sir Walter Raleigh, Writer and Explorer - Timeline Index [PAR] Timeline Index [PAR] Sir Walter Raleigh, Writer and Explorer [PAR] Sir Walter Raleigh was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer. He is also well known for popularising tobacco in England. [PAR] He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I, and was knighted in 1585. He was involved in the early English colonisation of Virginia under a royal patent. In 1591 he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London. After his release, they retired to his estate at Sherborne, Dorset. [PAR] In 1594 Raleigh heard of a \"City of Gold\" in South America and sailed to find it, publishing an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of \"El Dorado\". After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603 Raleigh was again imprisoned in the Tower, this time for allegedly being involved in the Main Plot against King James I, who was not favourably disposed toward him. In 1616 he was released to lead a second expedition in search of El Dorado. This was unsuccessful and men under his command ransacked a Spanish outpost. He returned to England and, to appease the Spanish, was arrested and executed in 1618. [PAR] More on this Website"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] O.J. Simpson | American football player | Britannica.com O.J. Simpson | American football player | Britannica.com [PAR] American football player [PAR] Alternative Title: Orenthal James Simpson [PAR] O.J. Simpson [PAR] Jerry Rice [PAR] O.J. Simpson, in full Orenthal James Simpson (born July 9, 1947, San Francisco , Calif., U.S.), American collegiate and professional gridiron football player who was a premier running back known for his speed and elusiveness. His trial on murder charges in 1995 was one of the most celebrated criminal trials in American history. [PAR] O.J. Simpson, 1975. [PAR] \u00a9 Osterreicher/Black Star [PAR] Simpson played football at Galileo High School in San Francisco, first as a tackle and then as a fullback. He attended San Francisco City College (1965\u201366) to achieve a scholastic record that allowed him to play at the University of Southern California (USC), where he set team records for yards gained by rushing: 1967, 1,415 yards; 1968, 1,709 yards. He was named All-American (1967\u201368), played in two Rose Bowl games, and won the Heisman Trophy as the best collegiate player of the season (1968). At USC he was also a member of a world-record-setting 440-yard relay team. [PAR] Simpson, who was often called \u201cJuice\u201d because of his energetic runs and because his initials could stand for \u201corange juice,\u201d was the number one draft choice of the American Football League (AFL) Buffalo Bills in 1969. The following year the AFL merged with the National Football League (NFL). The Bills were members of the American Football Conference (AFC) of the NFL when Simpson set a single-season record for yards gained rushing (2,003) in 1973. The Bills were never a contending team during his stay, but he was a great box-office draw. Injuries to his knees prompted the Bills to trade him in 1978 to the San Francisco 49ers , but he retired after the 1979 season. His 1975 record of most touchdowns scored in a season (23) stood until 1983, and his 1973 season rushing record for most yards gained lasted until 1984, when it was broken by Eric Dickerson . Simpson led the AFC in rushing yardage four times (1972\u201373, 1975\u201376). His career total yards gained (11,236) was second in the all-time rankings at the time of his retirement. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. [PAR] After retiring from football, Simpson became a film and television actor and sports commentator. On June 12, 1994, his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman were stabbed to death outside her home in Los Angeles . Simpson was arrested and charged with the two murders on June 17; he pleaded not guilty and hired a team of prominent lawyers to handle his defense. His lengthy nationally televised trial became the focus of unprecedented media scrutiny. A jury acquitted Simpson of the murder charges on Oct. 3, 1995. In a separate civil trial decision in 1997, he was found liable for the deaths of his ex-wife and Goldman and was ordered to pay $33.5 million in damages to the families. Simpson later collaborated (with Pablo F. Fenjves) on If I Did It, in which he hypothesized about how he would have committed the murders. Public outrage prevented its initial publication in 2006, but a bankruptcy court subsequently awarded the book\u2019s rights to the Goldman family, who released the work in 2007. [PAR] O.J. Simpson (centre) and his attorneys F. Lee Bailey (left) and Johnnie Cochran reacting to the \u2026 [PAR] Myung J. Chun\u2014Pool/AP"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shinty - smm.hubhuman.com Shinty [PAR] [PAR] Shinty [PAR] Shinty (Scottish Gaelic camanachd or iomain) is a team sport played with sticks and a ball. Shinty is now played almost exclusively in the Highlands of Scotland, but it was formerly more widespread, especially in England. [PAR] The sport was derived from the same root as the Irish game of hurling, and is similar to bandy. [PAR] Shinty is one of the forebears of ice hockey, Scottish immigrants to Nova Scotia playing a game on ice in 1800 at Windsor. In Canada, informal hockey games are still called shinny. [PAR] In the Scottish Lowlands, it was formerly referred to as common/cammon (caman), cammock (from Scottish Gaelic camag), knotty and various other names. [PAR] Game [PAR] The objective of the game is to play a small ball into a goal, or \"hail\", erected at the ends of a 120 to 160-yard-long pitch. The ball is played using the caman, a stick of about 3 1/2 ft in length. Unlike the Irish cam\u00c2\u00b7n, it has no blade. The caman is traditionally made of wood and must not have any plate or metal attached to it. The caman would be made from any piece of wood with a hook in it, hence caman, from the Scottish Gaelic, cam meaning bent or crooked. In the Uists, stalks of seaweed were put to use due to a lack of trees. Modern camans are made from several laminates of ash which are glued and cut into shape, although one-piece camans were still commonplace until the early 1980s. [PAR] A team consists of 12 players, including one goalkeeper. A match is played over two halves of 45 minutes. With the exception of the keeper, no player is allowed to play the ball with his hands. There are also variants with smaller sides, with some adjustments in the field size and duration of play. [PAR] Whilst comparisons are often made with field hockey, the two sports have several important differences. In shinty, a player is allowed to play the ball in the air and is allowed to use both sides of the stick. The stick may also be used to block and to tackle, although a player may not come down on an opponent's stick, this is defined as hacking. A player may tackle using the body as long as this is shoulder-to-shoulder as in football. [PAR] A player may only stop the ball with the stick, the chest, two feet together or one foot planted on the ground. Only the goalkeeper may use his hands and then only with an open palm. He may not catch it. Playing the ball with the head constitutes a foul whether intentional or not. [PAR] Fouls result in a free-hit, which is indirect unless the foul is committed in the penalty area, commonly referred to as \"The D\". This results in a penalty hit from 20 yards. [PAR] A ball played by a team over the opposing bye line results in a goal hit from the edge of the D, a ball played by a team over their own results in a corner. A ball hit over the sideline results in a shy. A shinty shy involves the taker tossing the ball above his head and hitting the ball with the shaft of the caman. The ball must be directly overhead when struck to be legal. [PAR] Competitions [PAR] Shinty is traditionally divided into two administrative and playing areas, the North and the South. The geographic divide is at Ballachulish, with all clubs south of here being classified as South teams,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Torchwood (TV Series 2006-2011) - The Movie Database (TMDb) Torchwood (TV Series 2006-2011) \u2014 The Movie Database (TMDb) [PAR] 5.6 [PAR] Overview [PAR] Torchwood is a British science fiction television programme created by Russell T Davies. The series is a spin-off from the 2005 revival of the long-running science fiction programme Doctor Who. The show has shifted its broadcast channel each series to reflect its growing audience, moving from BBC Three to BBC Two to BBC One, and acquiring US financing in its fourth series when it became a co-production of BBC One and Starz. In contrast to Doctor Who, whose target audience includes both adults and children, Torchwood is aimed at an older audience. Over its run, the show explored a number of themes, prominent among these were explorations of human corruptibility, existentialism, and homosexual, bisexual, and omnisexual relationships. [PAR] Torchwood follows the exploits of a small team of alien hunters, who make up the Cardiff branch of the fictional Torchwood Institute, which deals mainly with incidents involving extraterrestrials. Its central character is Captain Jack Harkness, an immortal former con-man from the distant future; Jack originally appeared in the 2005 series of Doctor Who. Other than Barrowman, the initial main cast of the series consisted of Eve Myles, Burn Gorman, Naoko Mori and Gareth David-Lloyd. Their characters are specialists for the Torchwood team, often tracking down aliens and defending the planet from alien and nefarious human threats. In its first two series, the show uses a time rift in Cardiff as its primary plot generator, accounting for the unusual preponderance of alien beings in Cardiff. In the third and fourth series, Torchwood operate as fugitives. Gorman and Mori's characters were written out of the story at the end of the second series. Recurring actor Kai Owen was promoted to the main cast in series three, in which David-Lloyd too was written out. Subsequently, American actors Mekhi Phifer, Alexa Havins, and Bill Pullman joined the cast of the show for its fourth series; the latter two were written out at the end of its run. [PAR] Find out where to watch this on [PAR] Featured Crew"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Solar System The Solar System [PAR] Home | Site Map | What's New | Image Index | Copyright | Posters | ScienceViews | Science Fiction Timelines | [PAR] The Solar System [PAR] For I dipped into the Future, far as human eye could see; saw the vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be. -Alfred Lord Tennyson, 1842 [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Multiwavelength Milky Way [PAR] [PAR] Our solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun , the planets Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune , and Pluto . It includes: the satellites of the planets; numerous comets , asteroids , and meteoroids; and the interplanetary medium. The Sun is the richest source of electromagnetic energy (mostly in the form of heat and light) in the solar system. The Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light years away. The whole solar system, together with the local stars visible on a clear night, orbits the center of our home galaxy, a spiral disk of 200 billion stars we call the Milky Way . The Milky Way has two small galaxies orbiting it nearby, which are visible from the southern hemisphere. They are called the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud. The nearest large galaxy is the Andromeda Galaxy . It is a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way but is 4 times as massive and is 2 million light years away. Our galaxy, one of billions of galaxies known, is traveling through intergalactic space. [PAR] The planets, most of the satellites of the planets and the asteroids revolve around the Sun in the same direction, in nearly circular orbits. When looking down from above the Sun's north pole, the planets orbit in a counter-clockwise direction. The planets orbit the Sun in or near the same plane, called the ecliptic . Pluto is a special case in that its orbit is the most highly inclined (18 degrees) and the most highly elliptical of all the planets. Because of this, for part of its orbit, Pluto is closer to the Sun than is Neptune . The axis of rotation for most of the planets is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic. The exceptions are Uranus and Pluto , which are tipped on their sides. [PAR] Composition Of The Solar System [PAR] The Sun contains 99.85% of all the matter in the Solar System. The planets, which condensed out of the same disk of material that formed the Sun, contain only 0.135% of the mass of the solar system. Jupiter contains more than twice the matter of all the other planets combined. Satellites of the planets, comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and the interplanetary medium constitute the remaining 0.015%. The following table is a list of the mass distribution within our Solar System. [PAR] Sun: 99.85% [PAR] Interplanetary Space [PAR] Nearly all the solar system by volume appears to be an empty void. Far from being nothingness, this vacuum of \"space\" comprises the interplanetary medium. It includes various forms of energy and at least two material components: interplanetary dust and interplanetary gas. Interplanetary dust consists of microscopic solid particles. Interplanetary gas is a tenuous flow of gas and charged particles, mostly protons and electrons -- plasma -- which stream from the Sun , called the solar wind . [PAR] The solar wind can be measured by spacecraft, and it has a large effect on comet tails. It also has a measurable effect on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ann summers : definition of ann summers and synonyms of ... ann summers : definition of ann summers and synonyms of ann summers (English) [PAR] 4 External links [PAR] History [PAR] The company was named after Annice Summers, the female secretary of the male founder, Caborn Waterfield. Annice Summers, who was born Annice Goodwin in 1941 but took her stepfather\u2019s surname, left the company soon after it opened following a row with Caborn. She currently resides in Umbria, Italy , two hours from Rome, as a reclusive multi-millionaire. [3] [PAR] Retail [PAR] The first Ann Summers shop was opened in 1970 in Marble Arch , London, from which it grew to six shops. [PAR] Ann Summers was purchased in 1972 by brothers Ralph and David Gold , who turned it from a standard sex shop into an established high street brand and lingerie boutique. In 1981, David Gold installed his daughter Jacqueline Gold (who is the current Chief Executive of Ann Summers) and she introduced the Party Plan concept. The retail operations for all of Ann Summers\u2019 shops are managed from the Head Office in Whyteleafe , Surrey , and as of December 2010 Ann Summers operates 144 retail outlets across the UK, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Spain. [PAR] The shops offer lingerie, underwear, cosmetics , swimwear and sex toys. The stores sell 2 million Rampant Rabbits , a kind of vibrator exclusive to Ann Summers, per year. [4] [PAR] International [PAR] In order to cater to Muslim women Ann Summers was granted permission to open 22 shops in the Middle East including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Its flagship store is in Dubai. [5] [6] [PAR] Party Plan [PAR] Jacqueline Gold initiated the Party Plan concept in 1981. [4] Initially, the Ann Summers parties were as much a way of circumventing regulations restricting the display of sex toys as they were a marketing tactic, but their popularity quickly grew and Ann Summers now employs over 7,500 Party Organisers, coordinated from the Head Office in Surrey. There are around 4,000 Ann Summers Parties every week in the UK. [7] [PAR] The Ann Summers parties are exclusively women-only, [7] and include the presentation of sex toys and lingerie in the informal setting of someone\u2019s home; usually the home of one of the attendees. It can also involve the perusal of a catalogue, and often there are party games. [8] [PAR] Controversy [PAR] Due to the adult nature of the business, Ann Summers has frequently faced opposition, both legal and social. For example, in 2003, they won a legal battle to advertise for employees in job centres [9] and an ASA complaint was rejected. [10] [PAR] They have also encountered opposition to their advertising. The company received a letter of complaint from Buckingham Palace , due to a non-endorsed advert featuring the Queen. [11] [PAR] In 2010, Ann Summers\u2019 Halloween advert was banned by the Radio Advertising Clearance Centre, which decided the advert used \"fairly overt sexual references in terms of sound effects.\" [12] [PAR] Additionally, Ann Summers in Perth was forced to close after the local people complained about the store (mostly from parents embarrassed by questions raised by their children), which also led to other problems with the store. [13] [ dead link ] Perth was originally the only UK town where an Ann Summers store failed to take off. [14] [ dead link ] However, in May 2007 the Middleton Grange, Hartlepool store which opened in November 2005 was closed after less than two years of trading due to poor sales. [15] [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coldplay at Glastonbury 2011 \u2013 review | Music | The Guardian Coldplay at Glastonbury 2011 \u2013 review | Music | The Guardian [PAR] Coldplay at Glastonbury 2011 \u2013 review [PAR] 4 / 5 stars [PAR] Saturday 25 June 2011 20.05 EDT [PAR] First published on Saturday 25 June 2011 20.05 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] It's not easy being the boy band U2 when the real thing played the night before. Guitarist Jonny Buckland got his apologies in early, telling the NME last week: \"We hope U2 do a B-sides set with no lights\". [PAR] Before they walked onto the Pyramid stage, Coldplay were Glastonbury 2011's forgotten headliners. U2's mere presence on Friday generated intense debate and booking Beyonc\u00e9 for Sunday night induced squeaks of delight. Yet a band whose last album, Viva La Vida, sold almost 7 million copies in 2008 somehow slipped into the background. [PAR] But that level of success is no fluke. Coldplay are a light, bright pop act, specialists in the kind of non-specific, one size fits all emotion that plays well in front of the Pyramid stage. Crucially, they're also on home turf, this being their third headline appearance in nine years. It doesn't hold the same fear for them that it did for four men from Dublin. [PAR] So after the symphonic intro music and fireworks, no one cares that the opener, new track Hurts Like Heaven, is basically a Walt Disney version of Arcade Fire's Keep the Car Running . Besides, it's only there to kill time until the audience have made it through the bog. What follows sets the mood properly, with shameless crowd-pleaser Yellow followed by In my Place and not long after, Scientist. It works, too. [PAR] In the end they needn't have been quite so modest. Sure, they benefited from facing an audience who'd spent an afternoon in the sun, and who were still on a high from a spectacular Elbow performance , but they're also a kinder, more welcoming proposition than U2. [PAR] So it didn't matter that they needed two shots at new song Us Against the World, or that it was a bit sappy. As with their earlier European festival performances, the whirling Charlie Brown was the standout new song, a definite advance on the still forgettable Every Teardrop is a Waterfall, even if the lyrics were guff about \"running wild\" and \"glowing in the dark.\" [PAR] And despite front-loading the set, they kept plenty in reserve, Viva La Vida winning the prize for most joyous sing-a-long, at least until Clocks kicked off the encore. [PAR] A victory that few predicted. Who knew a band this big could sneak up on people? [PAR] After the bravery of the Wombles in the pitiless sun, Beyonc\u00e9 delivers a gobsmacking performance for the festival's finale, writes Alexis Petridis [PAR] Published: 26 Jun 2011 [PAR] Photographer David Levene on how Glastonbury looks through a lens, and what happens when the U2 frontman decides he wants to stop mid-set and take your picture [PAR] Published: 26 Jun 2011 [PAR] Alexis Petridis, Rosie Swash and Tim Jonze review the highlights of this year's Glasto, including Beyonce's amazing performance. We hear Ms Dynamite's view of playing festivals and we've got a live track from Isobel Anderson [PAR] Published: 27 Jun 2011 [PAR] John Harris trudges through the mud in search of the squeezed middle and Glastonbury festival's political soul, and talks to Billy Bragg and anti-Bono campaigners along the way [PAR] Published: 25 Jun 2011"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deal or No Deal - UKGameshows Deal or No Deal - UKGameshows [PAR] Deal or No Deal [PAR] Noel Edmonds (another non-broadcast pilot in 2005 and all series thereafter) [PAR] Co-hosts [PAR] Jon Culshaw as Noel Edmonds (1st Anniversary special) [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] Cheetah Television West (formerly Endemol West) for Channel 4, 31 October 2005 to 11 December 2016 [PAR] as Deal or No Deal Live, 10 to 23 October 2011 (12 episodes) [PAR] as Celebrity Deal or No Deal, 8 April 2012 to 18 September 2015 (14 episodes) [PAR] as Deal or No Deal on Tour, 12 to 23 December 2016 (10 episodes) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] \"A quarter of a million pounds... 22 identical sealed boxes... and no questions. Except one: Deal or No Deal?'\" [PAR] So goes the introductory spiel to this big money guessing game, of which international versions have already proven to be quite good fun. There are 22 numbered boxes, each one containing an unknown cash prize of between 1p and \u00a3250,000 and 22 contestants, who have drawn lots before the show to determine who gets each one. A 'randomly'-selected contestant is invited to sit in the hot seat and becomes the player for that show, bringing their box with them. The other boxes are then opened one by one, and an off-stage banker known as, er, \"The Banker\" offers the player money to buy back the box and leave the game, based on the values of the boxes left. [PAR] The amounts of money still up for grabs are shown on either side of the contestant. [PAR] There is an offer after the first five boxes are opened, and then after every third box until there are just two boxes left. In theory, these offers should come slightly below the arithmetic mean of the remaining boxes; in practice, the early offers are artificially low. As a result, the deal almost always occurs during the closing fifteen minutes, which serves to place a lot more emphasis on the journey than the outcome. The commercial breaks usually come just before the 8th and 14th boxes are opened, something which contestants have now started anticipating. It's surely only a matter of time before they start pre-empting Noel and announcing the breaks themselves (see below). [PAR] The Banker's offer plummets when the big boxes get opened. [PAR] It is, in essence, a game of pure chance - a lottery, or more precisely a series of lotteries, with the contestant merely choosing whether to reinvest their winnings in the next one or stick with what they've got. It's more watchable than that implies though, mainly because of the interaction between host and contestants. In a way, the game is only there to give the characters in the studio something to react to - almost the exact opposite of the maximum-gameplay, minimum-personality Fifteen-to-One , for which this show is Channel 4's first really convincing replacement. It is a show that could have been invented purely to showcase the skills of its host - chatting to Members Of The Public, talking on the phone, being generally affable, and having a beard that doesn't look quite deliberate, somehow. [PAR] \"I think it's one of these blasted call centres again.\" [PAR] Anyway, it's friendly enough, Noel makes us care about the contestants and it's nice to see likeable people walk away with a decent sum of money. It's perhaps not quite the great and mighty format that some folk have talked it up as (and it does seem to be one of those shows that either you \"get\" or you don't)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chip and Charge: Top brother-sister tennis acts - ESPN Chip and Charge: Top brother-sister tennis acts - Tennis - ESPN [PAR] Print [PAR] Top brother-sister tennis acts [PAR] It was history in the making when Dinara Safina became the ringleader of the WTA Tour last week. Her older brother, Marat Safin , was once No. 1 as well, which means for the first time ever, one family has a brother-sister combination which has topped the ranking charts. [PAR] Though there's an ongoing debate as to whether a Slam-less Safina deserves to be No. 1 -- she's even raised the issue -- the ranking computer is the ultimate authority. [PAR] The Russians are not the only siblings to make their mark in the game. Here are the top five tennis brother-sister acts. [PAR] 1. Marat Safin and Dinara Safina: The nod for top spot goes to the Russians for their historic No. 1 achievement. They were born into a tennis family: Their mom, Rausa Islanova, is a coach and dad, Misha, is the director of a tennis club. Safin has won 15 titles, including the 2000 U.S. Open as a fresh-faced 20-year-old, and the 2005 Australian Open, plus reached the Australian final two other times. Dinara fell short in her first two Grand Slam finals, at the French and Australian Opens the past 12 months. The owner of nine singles titles, Dinara promises she'll deliver a Grand Slam trophy to the family jewels soon. [PAR] 2. Emilio Sanchez, Javier Sanchez, Arantxa Sanchez-Vicario: Three family talents are certainly better than just two. Arantxa outshined the brothers by simultaneously holding the No. 1 ranking in singles and doubles in 1995, and her two silver and two bronze Olympic medals are the most a Spanish athlete has ever won. Arantxa captured four singles and six doubles trophies at the Grand Slams, winning an overall 29 singles and 69 doubles titles. Emilio, who was ranked as high as No. 7 in singles and No. 1 in doubles, won 15 singles and 50 doubles titles as well as the 1987 French Open mixed doubles event. Javier, who ranked No. 23 in singles and No. 9 in doubles, won four singles and 26 doubles honors. [PAR] Al Bello/Getty Images [PAR] Dinara Safina recently supplanted Serena Williams to become the No. 1-ranked player on the WTA Tour. [PAR] 3. Cliff Richey, Nancy Richey: In 1970, the Texans became the first brother-sister duo to rank No. 1 in the U.S. Nancy was more successful: She won two Slam championships and 69 titles total. She was the only player to win the U.S. Clay Court title six times (1963-68). Cliff, who achieved a career-high ranking of 16, won 10 singles titles. [PAR] 4. Byron Black, Wayne Black, Cara Black : The Blacks of Zimbabwe became an established powerhouse in doubles, although all three enjoyed admirable singles rankings (Cara No. 31, Byron No. 22 and Wayne No. 69). Cara and Byron were No. 1 in doubles; Wayne topped out at No. 4. Cara's already won five Grand Slam doubles titles -- three at Wimbledon -- among her 48 doubles trophies. Wayne captured the 2001 U.S. and 2005 Australian Opens and 16 additional doubles titles. Byron's 1994 French Open doubles trophy is the most prestigious among his 22 tandem titles. Cara and Wayne teamed for the mixed doubles championships at the French Open (2002) and Wimbledon (2004). [PAR] 5. Jeff Austin, John Austin, Tracy Austin: Tracy, the family baby, achieved greatness when she became No. 1 for the first time in April 1980, thereby eclipsing the four-year stranglehold that Chris"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PEDRO MIGUEL - Panama & Canal Zone in Cyberspace Pedro Miguel [PAR] PEDRO MIGUEL [PAR] Photos [PAR] Peter Magill it has been for many years and Peter Magill it will probably continue to be as long as there is a Pedro Miguel and Americans here to mispronounce its name. It is even spelled \"Peter Magill\" in some official records. [PAR] The origin of Pedro Miguel's name is a matter of argument among its residents. Adrien Bouche, who has lived there for many years, grew up on the story that Pedro Miguel was the name of a railroad section foreman. There wasn't much of a town in early railroad days so the stop was known as Pedro Miguel's cabin. [PAR] Others believe that the town's name is properly San Pedro Miguel - St. Peter Michael - which was the Spanish name for the river. Certainly an 1867 history of the railroad refers to the San Pedro Miguel River, \"a narrow tidewater tributary of the Rio Grande,\" which the railroad crossed on an iron bridge. [PAR] Pedro Miguel was off the beaten path of trans-Isthmian travelers of the Spanish colonial days. There was probably a fair sized settlement in the general area; during canal construction days ruins of a large old Spanish church were found not far from Pedro Miguel. Indian artifacts discovered in Pedro Miguel's hills prove even earlier habitation. [PAR] FRENCH THERE IN 1888 [PAR] French canal forces started work at Pedro Miguel on January 15, 1888. In May of that year the site, where one lock was to be built, was one-third excavated. Later the New French Canal Company modified the plans and decided that two locks would be built at the Pedro Miguel location. [PAR] There could not have been much of a settlement at Pedro Miguel, however, for when the Isthmian Canal Commission began to take stock in 1904-5 of property taken over from the French Company it found at Pedro Miguel nine usable buildings and three in such bad condition they were destroyed. [PAR] One of the old French buildings became a police station, another a commissary, and others were used as quarters. Mr. Bouche says that one of these old quarters is still standing on Miraflores Street near the Boy Scout Shack. He identifies it from its brick underpinnings. [PAR] Early in 1905 Chief Engineer John F. Wallace wrote Governor George W. Davis: \"Pedro Miguel is the point, you know, where the principal line from the east side of the south end of Culebra Cut joins the main line of the Panama Railroad and I desire to establish here the headquarters of the men employed in the transportation and excavating work in this general vicinity.\" (The present road to the Cucaracha signal station is a part of the old railroad bed.) [PAR] Kitchens, a mess hall, a \"hotel,\" a post office, and bachelor barracks began to rise, all west of the present railroad line. The work was considered so urgent that later that year Governor Davis asked that \"work on Corozal quarters be suspended and Pedro Miguel pushed forward.\" [PAR] Although the ICC selected Pedro Miguel as the site of one set of locks, after a lock-type canal was decided on in 1906, Pedro Miguel remained primarily a railroad center. A nine-track railroad yard, a coaling plant and a repair shop were built that year, and at Pedro Miguel President Theodore Roosevelt made his first stop when he toured the construction line in November 1906. It is pretty certain that all of Pedro Miguel's 754 residents, 79 of them Americans, turned out to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maverick - Mel Gibson plays poker with Jodie Foster 1994 ... Maverick - Mel Gibson plays poker with Jodie Foster 1994 - YouTube [PAR] Maverick - Mel Gibson plays poker with Jodie Foster 1994 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 22, 2014 [PAR] Mel Gibson plays poker with Jodie Foster. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Maverick (Film) - TV Tropes Maverick (Film) - TV Tropes [PAR] WMG [PAR] Maverick (1994) is a Western comedy film based on the 1950s television series of the same name , created by Roy Huggins. The film was directed by Richard Donner from a screenplay by William Goldman and features Mel Gibson , Jodie Foster , and James Garner. [PAR] Bret Maverick is a wisecracking gambler who wants to win a poker championship - only partly for the money, but mainly to prove once and for all that he's the best at poker. However, complications keep arising . First, he starts off $3,000 short of the $25,000 entry fee for the contest. His efforts to make up the difference spark off much of the plot, as well as diversions caused by, and in the company of, three people he encounters at Crystal River: an antagonist named Angel (Alfred Molina), a young con-artist calling herself Mrs Annabelle Bransford (Jodie Foster), and legendary lawman Marshal Zane Cooper (James Garner, who played Bret Maverick in the original TV series). The first two are also rival poker players. [PAR] The three share a stagecoach (whose driver dies at full gallop), agree to help a wagon train of migrant evangelist settlers who have been waylaid by ruffians (for a fee which Maverick in the end is too big-hearted to accept), and are headed-off by a troop of Indians (who, unbeknownst to his companions, are good friends with Maverick), who agree to help Maverick collect the rest of the fee (by swindling a Russian Grand Duke). After this, though, Maverick's adventures get a little crazy, especially since somebody has good reason to make sure Maverick never makes it to the poker game... [PAR] The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design. [PAR] This movie contains examples of: [PAR] Accidental Misnaming : Bert ? Bret, his name's Bret. [PAR] Affectionate Pickpocket : Annabelle Bransford does this to Maverick twice in the same scene. The first time he notices and makes her give his wallet back, the second time he's so overwhelmed he doesn't notice and has to track her down later. [PAR] Alan Smithee : On the score album, the last track is a saloon song called \"Tartine De Merde,\" whose singer is billed as \" S. Bush .\" Have a look at the music credit on the poster above there to see his real name. [PAR] Amazing Freaking Grace : Last song on the soundtrack. The three main characters sing it when their coach driver dies, for lack of anything to say about him (as they barely knew him). Two of them getting the lyrics wrong the same way is a plot point. [PAR] Anticlimax : The film starts with Maverick on the back of a horse with a noose around his neck and some snakes left behind by his captors to spook the horse so he'll be hanged. The first half of the film is about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bayeux Tapestry - A Guide The Bayeux Tapestry - A Guide [PAR] HIC APPREHENDIT VVIDO HAROLDU(M) ET DUXIT EUM [PAR] AD BELREM ET IBI EUM TENUIT [PAR] UBI HAROLD 7 (ET) VVIDO PARABOLANT [PAR] UBI NUNTII VVILLELMI DUCIS VENERUNT AD VVIDONE(M) [PAR] TUROLD [PAR] NUNTII VVILLELMI + HIC VENIT NUNTIUS AD VVILGELMUM DUCEM HIC VVIDO ADDUXIT HAROLDUM AD VVILGELMUM NORMANNORUM DUCEM HIC DUX VVILGELM CUM HAROLDO VENIT AD PALATIU(M) SUU(M) UBI UNUS CLERICUS ET AELFGYVA HIC VVILLEM DUX ET EXERCITUS EIUS VENERUNT AD MONTE(M) MICHAELIS ET HIC TRANSIERUNT FLUMEN COSNONIS ET VENERUNT AD DOL [PAR] HIC HAROLD DUX TRAHEBAT EOS DE ARENA [PAR] [PAR] ET CONAN FUGA VERTIT [PAR] REDNES [PAR] HIC MILITES VVILLELMI DUCIS PUGNANT CONTRA DINANTES ET CUNAN CLAVES PORREXIT HIC VVILLELM DEDIT HAROLDO ARMA HI(C) VVILLELM VENIT BAGIAS UBI HAROLD SACRAMENTUM FECIT VVILLELMO DUCI HIC HAROLD DUX REVERSUS EST AD ANGLICAM TERRAM ET VENIT AD EDVVARDU(M) REGEM HIC PORTATUR CORPUS EADVVARDI REGIS AD ECCLESIAM S(AN)C(T)I PETRI AP(OSTO)LI HIC EADVVARDUS REX IN LECTO ALLOQUIT(UR) FIDELES ET HIC DEFUNCTUS EST HIC DEDERUNT HAROLDO CORONA(M) REGIS HIC RESIDET HAROLD REX ANGLORUM [PAR] STIGANT ARCHIEP(ISCOPU)S [PAR] ISTI MIRANT STELLA(M) HAROLD HIC NAVIS ANGLICA VENIT IN TERRAM VVILLELMI DUCIS HIC VVILLELM DUX IUSSIT NAVES EDIFICARE HIC TRAHUNT(UR) NAVES AD MARE ISTI PORTANT ARMA(S) AD NAVES, ET HIC TRAHUNT CARRUM CUM VINO ET ARMIS + HIC VVILLELM DUX IN MAGNO NAVIGIO MARE TRANSIVIT ET VENIT AD PEVENESAE HIC EXEUNT CABALLI DE NAVIBUS ET HIC MILITES FESTINAVERUNT HESTINGA, UT CIBUM RAPERENTUR HIC EST VVADARD HIC COQUITUR CARO ET HIC MINISTRAVERUNT MINISTRI HIC FECERUNT PRANDIUM ET HIC EPISCOPUS CIBU(M) ET POTU(M) BENEDICIT [PAR] ODO EP(ISCOPU)S [PAR] ROTBERT [PAR] VVILLELM [PAR] ISTE IUSSIT UT FODERETUR CASTELLUM AT HESTENGA CEASTRA HIC NUNTIATUM EST VVILLELM(O) DE HAROLD HIC DOMUS INCENDITUR HIC MILITES EXIERUNT DE HESTENGA ET VENERUNT AD PRELIUM CONTRA HAROLDUM REGE(M) HIC VVILLELM DUX INTERROGAT VITAL SI VIDISSET EXERCITU(M) HAROLDI ISTE NUNTIAT HAROLDUM REGE(M) DE EXERCITU VVILELMI DUCIS HIC VVILLELM DUX ALLOQUITUR SUIS MILITIBUS UT PREPARERENT SE VIRILITER ET SAPIENTER AD PRELIUM CONTRA ANGLORUM EXERCITU(M) HIC CECIDERUNT LEVVINE ET GYRD FRATRES HAROLDI REGIS HIC CECIDERUNT SIMUL ANGLI ET FRANCI IN PRELIO HIC ODO EP(ISCOPU)S BACULU(M) TENENS CONFORTAT PUEROS [PAR] E(USTA)TIUS [PAR] HIC EST VVILEL(MUS) DUX [PAR] HIC FRANCI PUGNANT ET CECIDERUNT QUI ERANT CUM HAROLDO HIC HAROLD REX INTERFECTUS EST ET FUGA VERTERUNT ANGLI Translation [PAR] KING EDWARD [PAR] WHERE HAROLD, DUKE OF THE ENGLISH, AND HIS SOLDIERS RIDE TO BOSHAM CHURCH HAROLD HAS SAILED THE SEA, AND WITH HIS SAILS FILLED BY THE WIND, HE HAS COME INTO THE LAND OF COUNT GUY HAROLD HERE GUY HAS SEIZED HAROLD AND HAS TAKEN HIM ... ... TO BEAURAIN AND HELD HIM THERE WHERE HAROLD AND GUY TALK TOGETHER WHERE MESSENGERS OF DUKE WILLIAM HAVE COME TO GUY [PAR] TUROLD [PAR] WILLIAM'S MESSENGERS AND HERE A MESSENGER HAS COME TO DUKE WILLIAM HERE GUY HAS LED HAROLD TO WILLIAM, DUKE OF THE NORMANS HERE DUKE WILLIAM HAS COME WITH HAROLD TO HIS PALACE WHERE A CLERIC AND AELFGYVA HERE DUKE WILLIAM AND HIS ARMY HAVE COME TO MONT ST. MICHEL AND THEY CROSSED RIVER COUESNON AND THEY HAVE COME TO DOL [PAR] DUKE HAROLD PULLED THEM FROM QUICKSAND [PAR] CONAN HAS TURNED IN FLIGHT [PAR] REDNES [PAR] HERE THE SOLDIERS OF DUKE WILLIAM FIGHT AGAINST THE MEN OF DINAN AND CONAN HAS HELD OUT THE KEYS HERE WILLIAM HAS GIVEN HAROLD ARMS HERE WILLIAM HAS COME TO BAYEUX ... WHERE HAROLD TOOK THE OATH TO DUKE WILLIAM HERE DUKE HAROLD HAS RETURNED TO ENGLISH SOIL ... AND HAS COME TO KING EDWARD HERE THE BODY"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History of Tom Jones, Foundling - About.com Education The History of Tom Jones, Foundling [PAR] The History of Tom Jones, Foundling [PAR] The History of Tom Jones, Foundling [PAR] Henry Fielding's Canonical Picaresque Novel [PAR] Tom Jones, Henry Fielding. Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Updated March 02, 2016. [PAR] About.com Rating [PAR] The History of Tom Jones, Foundling, commonly referred to just as Tom Jones, is a 1749 comic novel by Henry Fielding . It's both a coming-of-age story and a work of picaresque fiction. Tom Jones is one of the first published works in English to be called a novel, first released as 18 separate books. Tom Jones is considered a canonical work of English literature , one that has influenced numerous writers since its release. [PAR] Fielding is remembered for his brilliant satire and humor. Much of his early life was spent in poverty, which serves as the basis for much of the plot of Tom Jones. [PAR] Tom Jones was dedicated to Sir George Lyttleton, a patron of the arts and a supporter of both Fielding and Alexander Pope . [PAR] Overview: How Tom Came to be a Foundling [PAR] Two brothers, Dr Blifil and Captain Blifil, regularly visit the Allworthy estate. The doctor introduces the captain to Bridget in hopes of marrying into Allworthy's wealth. The couple soon marry. After the marriage, Captain Blifil begins to show a coldness to his brother, who eventually feels obliged to leave the house for London where he soon dies \"of a broken heart\". [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] Captain Blifil and his wife start to grow cool towards one another, and the former is found dead from apoplexy one evening after taking his customary evening stroll prior to dinner. By then he has fathered a boy, who grows up with the bastard Tom. [PAR] Tom grows into a vigorous and lusty, yet honest and kind-hearted, youth. His first love is Molly, gamekeeper Black George's second daughter and a local beauty. She throws herself at Tom; he gets her pregnant and then feels obliged to offer her his protection. After some time, however, Tom finds out that Molly is somewhat promiscuous. He then falls in love with a neighbouring squire's lovely daughter, Sophia Western. Tom's status as a bastard causes Sophia's father and Allworthy to oppose their love; this criticism of class friction in society acted as a biting social commentary. The inclusion of prostitution and sexual promiscuity in the plot was also original for its time, and the foundation for criticism of the book's \"lowness\".[5] [PAR] Tom Jones, a country boy, is discovered as a baby (a foundling) on the estate of Squire Allworthy, and is brought up in the Squire's household as a son. He grows up and falls in love with Sophia Western, whose father opposes their relationship since Tom is believed to be the son of unwed parents. It's these class divisions that provide some of Fielding's most pointed social commentary. [PAR] Squire Allworthy wants his daughter to marry his nephew Bilfil, Tom's rival from childhood days. Bilfil conspires to have Allworthy cast Tom out of his house. So, Tom is forced into a journey during which he seduces even more women (including Jenny Jones, whom everyone believes is his mother). All the while Tom pines for Sophia. [PAR] In the final pages it seems that Tom's wayward ways have led him to the gallows, but a revelatory ending saves him from the noose--just as his true identity is brought to light. Far"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harvey Wallbanger (Vodka, Orange Juice, Galliano Liqueur ... Posted Dec 14th, 2012 at 2:30pm [PAR] Helen Rosner [PAR] Harvey Wallbanger [PAR] Galliano liqueur gives this vodka and orange juice cocktail an herbal bite. [PAR] All the rage in the 1970s, the Harvey Wallbanger is seeing a resurgence now that Galliano liqueur, one of its essential ingredients, has reverted to its original recipe. Robert Simonson explores the cocktail's murky origin story in his article Searching for Harvey Wallbanger . [PAR] Harvey Wallbanger [PAR] All the rage in the 1970s, the Harvey Wallbanger is seeing a resurgence now that Galliano liqueur, one of its essential ingredients, has reverted to its original recipe. [PAR] makes 1 cocktail[DOC] [TLE] Harvey Wallbanger Cocktail Recipes | Galliano, Vodka Cocktails Harvey Wallbanger Cocktail Recipes | Galliano, Vodka Cocktails [PAR] 50 ml Vodka, 100 ml Fresh Orange Juice, splash of Gailliano [PAR] How To make a Harvey Wallbanger [PAR] Mix in a highball glass with ice. Add a splash of Galliano on top. Garnish and serve. [PAR] Social and Cocktail says: [PAR] Essentially a Screwdriver with Galliano , this cocktail is a great platform for the amazing herbal flavour and aroma of the Italian liqueur. [PAR] Did You Know?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stephen Lewis - IMDb Stephen Lewis - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Actor | Writer [PAR] Stephen Lewis, will be chiefly remembered for the comedy catchphrase: \"I 'ate you Butler!\" He delivered it week after week in the hit sitcom On The Buses, a saucy slice of life that ran on ITV from 1969 to 1973. Lewis was Cyril \"Blakey\" Blake, a bus inspector with a Hitler moustache and delusions of grandeur. His nemesis was Stan Butler, a driver ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thames Path Stage 3: London Bridge to Vauxhall - Thames ... Thames Path Stage 3: London Bridge to Vauxhall - Thames Path - Rambling Man [PAR] Thames Path Stage 3: London Bridge to Vauxhall [PAR] Published 27 November 2013 [PAR] Distance: 2\u00bd miles, 4km [PAR] Walked on: 26 May 2013 [PAR] London Bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down. London Bridge is falling down, my fair lady. [PAR] There\u2019s several theories behind the well-known children\u2019s rhyme. One links it with a supposed attack on a bridge by a Viking king in the 11th century. Another, rather grim tale, suggests that children were buried \u2013 perhaps alive \u2013 under the foundations of an early bridge. [PAR] So strong was this tale in people\u2019s minds that it was even tested by archaeological digs, although no bones were ever found. But most people tend to go with the tale of Queen Eleanor, who was given the right to take tolls on the \u201cOld\u201d London Bridge by her husband, Henry III, as a present. Which was great for her as she suddenly had lots of cash coming in. It was less so for the bridge, for all the money was simply spent by Eleanor, and none was spent on routine repairs and maintenance, causing the structure to deteriorate. [PAR] The bridge that Eleanor was given responsibility for was a far different structure to the rather plain 1970s structure that exists today. Building work began on the medieval bridge back in 1176, and wasn\u2019t completed until 1209. Nowadays bridges tend to be rather functional affairs, simply used to get from one side to the other. But not so for the mediaeval London Bridge which became home to hundreds of shops, inns, living accommodation and even a chapel, until it was finally decided to replace it some 600 years later. [PAR] Eleanor lost her right to levy tolls on the bridge in 1284 when the bridge was passed over to the City of London. The Bridge House Estates charitable trust was formed to take responsibility of the bridge and \u2013 preferably \u2013 keep it in a good state of repair; a duty it continues to do to this very day. As well as London Bridge, it also owns Southwark and Blackfriars bridges, the Millennium Bridge and the mighty Tower Bridge, with all repairs and maintenance funded by an extensive property portfolio. So much property did the Bridge House Estates amass, that it now has a significant surplus of money which is given to local charities. [PAR] It was to be a day of bridges on the Thames Path. Three of Bridge House Estate\u2019s other bridges would be passed, along with plenty of other road and railway bridges too. And it would be a day of tourists too, as the Thames Path took us through what must be the most used stretches of all National Trails. [PAR] Tourists. People in London either love them or hate them. And on a sunny Sunday at the end of May, there were certainly plenty around as we set off once more from London Bridge. London was especially full of German football supporters who, the previous day, had been at Wembley watching FC Bayern M\u00fcnchen beat Borussia Dortmund 2-1 to win the 2013 UEFA European Cup. [PAR] As well as the football fans, Clink Street seemed to have also attracted the attention of a time traveller. As we stood next to the replica of Sir Francis Drake\u2019s flagship, the Golden Hinde, a mysterious figure in a cream-coloured frock coat, red and white striped trousers and a stick of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fran\u00e7oise d'Aubign\u00e9 Maintenon, marquise de - Infoplease Maintenon, Fran\u00e7oise d'Aubign\u00e9, marquise de [PAR] Encyclopedia > History > Biographies > French History: Biographies [PAR] Fran\u00e7oise d'Aubign\u00e9 Maintenon, marquise de [PAR] Maintenon, Fran\u00e7oise d'Aubign\u00e9, marquise de (fr\u00e4Nsw\u00e4z\u02c8 d\u014db\u0113ny\u0101\u02c8 m\u00e4rk\u0113z\u02c8 d\u0259 m\u0103Nt\u0259n\u00f4N\u02c8) [ key ], 1635\u20131719, second wife of the French king Louis XIV . Her grandfather was Th\u00e9odore Agrippa d' Aubign\u00e9 , the Huguenot hero. He disinherited his disreputable son, Constant d'Aubign\u00e9, a criminal and Mme de Maintenon's father. Her mother was Jeanne de Cardilhac, the daughter of d'Aubign\u00e9's jailer. After a royal pardon (1643), the family spent some years in Martinique, but upon her father's death she and her poverty-stricken mother returned to France. Although baptized a Roman Catholic, the child was educated by a Protestant aunt. Later cared for by Catholic relatives, she became a very devout Catholic. At 16 she married the poet Paul Scarron and, released from a life of poverty and social disgrace, became a figure in the literary and intellectual world of Paris. [PAR] After Scarron's death in 1660 the queen mother continued the poet's pension to his widow. Later Mme de Maintenon became a close friend of the king's favorite mistress, Mme de Montespan , who obtained a pension for her. Noted for her discretion, she became (1669) the governess for the children of Mme de Montespan and the king, and gradually she supplanted Mme de Montespan in the esteem and affections of Louis XIV, who made her a marquise. Mme de Maintenon became the king's confidante, exercising considerable influence over Louis and greatly lifting the moral tone of the notoriously dissolute court, although the ascription to her of Louis's mistakes (particularly the revocation of the Edict of Nantes) is an exaggeration. The queen, Marie Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, was devoted to her and died in her arms. In 1684 she was morganatically married to the king. In her later years Mme de Maintenon gave much of her attention to the famous school of Saint-Cyr, which she had founded for the daughters of poor but noble families. She also wrote remarkable essays and letters dealing with education. [PAR] See biographies by C. C. Dyson (1910), C. Haldane (1970), and V. Buckley (2009). [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright \u00a9 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does stannic mean? definition and meaning (Free ... What does stannic mean? definition and meaning (Free English Language Dictionary) [PAR] stannic; stannous [PAR] Pertainym: [PAR] tin (a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide) [PAR] Learn English with... Proverbs of the week [PAR] \"More haste, less speed.\" (English proverb) [PAR] \"Politeness is not sold in the bazaar\" (Azerbaijani proverb) [PAR] \"Older than you by a day, more knowledgeable than you by a year.\" (Arabic proverb) [PAR] \"He who injures with the sword will be finished by the sword.\" (Corsican proverb) [PAR] Page delivered in 0.0372 seconds [PAR] AudioEnglish Definitions... Just One Click Away! [PAR] Now you can lookup any word in our dictionary, right from the search box in your browser! Click here to add the AudioEnglish.org dictionary to your list of search providers.[DOC] [TLE] Tin - Introduction to the chemical element and its compounds Tin - Introduction to the chemical element and its compounds [PAR] Tin [PAR] Tweet [PAR] by Chris Woodford . Last updated: November 28, 2016. [PAR] Have you ever been to Cornwall, that romantic coastal county in the southwest of England? If so, you've probably seen the remains of tin-mine smokestacks poking up from the landscape. Cornwall was one of the world's leading tin producers until the world market collapsed in the mid-1980s, largely due to the switch from using tin in food cans and packages to alternatives such as aluminum and plastics . Despite this, tin remains an important metal in many other products and industrial processes, from welding and soldering to coating roofs and making insecticides. Let's take a closer look! [PAR] Photo: A ruined tin mine in Cornwall, England. After the last Cornish tin mine closed in 1998, the industry is now just a romantic memory. Photo by courtesy of Strange Ones , published on Flickr in 2008 under a Creative Commons licence. [PAR] What is tin? [PAR] Photo: Cats on a hot tin roof. Two engineers put a new tin roof on a school in Kenya. Photo by CPL Bryant V courtesy of US Marine Corps. [PAR] Tin is a silvery white metal that lives in group IV of the periodic table of chemical elements. To look at it, you'd never know that it was (according to archeologists) one of the earliest and most important metals in human history! [PAR] It was the discovery of how tin and copper could be combined in an alloy called bronze (a much stronger material than either metal alone) that ushered in one of the major eras of civilization: the Bronze Age. The earliest evidence we have of people using tin is in bronze finds from 3000\u20133500BCE, though it was apparently not widely used as a pure metal until several thousand years later (probably c.600BCE). [PAR] Where does tin come from? [PAR] Photo: A satellite photo of a tin mine in New South Wales, Australia taken from the International Space Station. Photo by courtesy of NASA Johnson Space Center \u2013 Earth Sciences and Image Analysis (NASA-JSC-ES&IA) . [PAR] Although we think of tin as an everyday material, it's actually much less common than comparable metals such as copper or zinc (according to the US Geological Survey, copper is over 30 times and zinc about 50 times more common than tin). In terms of abundance, tin is roughly halfway down the list of chemical elements: the 49th most common in Earth's rocky crust, existing in concentrations of about 2 parts per million"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hippology - Department of Animal Sciences Youth Programs: State 4-H Hippology Contest - Department of Animal Sciences - UF/IFAS: Solutions for Your Life [PAR] Eastern Nationals [PAR] Hippology is an activity that can enhance learning for 4-H members by letting them exhibit their knowledge and understanding of equine science and husbandry in a competitive setting. The term \"Hippology\" comes from the Greek \"hippo\", meaning horse, and \"ology\", meaning \"the study of\". Participants will be able to demonstrate their experience and knowledge gained in horse judging, quiz bowl, speeches, and practical horse management. [PAR] Phases of the contest include a written exam, identification of items shown on slides, placing and/or ID of feedstuffs or feed tags, judging, ID stations, and team problems. [PAR] The State Hippology Contest is held in Gainesville at the Straughn Extension Professional Development Center (next to Animal Sciences; quick photo tour ). [PAR] First and second place teams in the State 4-H Hippology Contest will earn the right to compete at the Regional competition in North Carolina in the end of July. The first place team at the State contest is also eligible to compete at Eastern Nationals in Louisville, KY in November.[DOC] [TLE] What is hippology? - eXtension What is hippology? - eXtension [PAR] What is hippology? [PAR] Horses January 19, 2007 [PAR] Hippology is the study of horses. In the hippology 4-H horse project, you will learn all about horse anatomy, care, nutrition, and equipment. Then you will have the opportunity to compete against other 4-H members in your age group on questions about these horse facts in the 4-H hippology contest. It has four sections, including a lab practicum, horse judging, a written test, and a team problem. It's a fun way to learn about horses with other horse-crazy kids just like you!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] world\u2019s strongest beer - Gizmag Extreme beer - man's favourite drink suddenly gets much stronger [PAR] Extreme beer - man's favourite drink suddenly gets much stronger [PAR] View gallery - 22 images [PAR] Alcohol is the oldest and most commonly used of all recreational drugs , with annual sales exceeding USD 500 billion a year. Beer has been the world's most popular alcohol since well before the invention of the wheel. [PAR] Most of the world\u2019s beer has between 4% and 6% Alcohol By Volume (ABV), and the strength of beer achieved by traditional fermentation brewing methods has limits, but a well crafted beer that is repeatedly \u201cfreeze distilled\u201d can achieve exquisite qualities and much higher alcohol concentrations. [PAR] An escalation in the use of this relatively new methodology over the last 12 months has seen man's favorite beverage suddenly move into the 40+% ABV realm of spirits such as gin, rum, brandy, whiskey and vodka, creating a new category of extreme beer. A little more than twelve months ago, the world's strongest beer was 27% but due to an informal contest to claim the title of the world\u2019s strongest beer, has suddenly jumped in strength dramatically and this week we spoke to the brewers at the centre of the escalating competition. New contestants are gathering, and the race is now on to break 50% alcohol by volume. [PAR] The astonishing aspect to these recent developments is the how quickly a new market can evolve after ten millennia of time-honored tradition. Hindsight is the only true 20-20 vision, and in retrospect, it\u2019s just as surprising that it has taken so long for such a popular product to evolve into a new category. [PAR] Beer is the third most popular drink of all of the planet\u2019s people, taking into account all cultures and geographies. Only water and tea are consumed in greater volumes. Amazingly, it still outsells coffee, the second most internationally traded raw commodity, behind oil. [PAR] Just when commercial brewing started is not clear, though it goes back to the very roots of civilization and appears to have been independently invented across many cultures in almost every part of the world. Remarkably, beer is perhaps twice as old as mankind\u2019s most powerful enabling technology - the wheel . Beer, and its cousin, bread, were fundamental to the development of civilization and by virtue of the development of basic machinery to grind grain for the production of both bread and beer, may have even contributed to the evolution of the wheel. [PAR] Religion and Beer [PAR] This 5000 year old Babylonian tablet is part of a series of tablets that account for an order of 134,813 liters of barley to be delivered to the brewery at the temple of Inanna in Uruk. It is inscribed with the recipe for brewing beer. [PAR] The ability of ancient peoples to see far more into the intoxicating powers of alcohol than might be good for them can be seen from the number of civilisations which appointed themselves a God of Beer, beginning an entwinement between religion and alcohol as a sacrament and lucrative income stream that has lasted to this day. [PAR] Almost all ancient civilizations which had Gods, had a God of Beer . In Ancient Baltic and Slavic mythology, Raugupatis was the God of fermentation and his partner Raugutiene was the Goddess of beer. [PAR] Perhaps even more enlightening as to the many societal roles played by alcohol in general and beer in particular are the dual portfolios many of these Gods held. [PAR] The ancient Sumerians (now Southern"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand National Fences - Beechers Brook - The Chair Grand National Fences - Beechers Brook - The Chair [PAR] Grand National Fences [PAR] TESTING MENU [PAR] Aintree Grand National Fences [PAR] The Aintree Grand National Course is run over the most unique race circuit in the country. The wide course is tailor made for the large fields of 40 plus runners which is more like a cavalry charge out of a western movie than a traditional horse race, no wonder it is so popular with the public. The Aintree course is nearly two and a quarter miles in circumference, there are 16 fences and a run in of 494 yards. [PAR] The Canal Turn with Ryan Mania [PAR] Becher's Brook with Ryan Mania [PAR] Aintree Fence-By Fence Guide [PAR] Fence 1The first fence comes very quickly after the start and with 40 plus runners going full pelt at speeds of 30 plus miles per hour there are bound to be a couple of causalities at this first fence which is 4 foot 6 inch in height. [PAR] Fence 2The second fence come up quickly and is slightly bigger than the first fence standing at 4 foot 7 inch. [PAR] Fence 3Next is the first open ditch. The ditches are the first real test for the horses as there is a 6 foot gap between the front of the ditch and the fence itself so the horse has to stand off and really stretch out to make it safely to the other side. This fence is the larger than the first two standing at 5 feet. [PAR] Fence 4is back to a standard fence at 4 foot 10 inches. [PAR] Fence 5A 5 foot fence. The last regular fence before Bechers. [PAR] Fence 6Bechers Brook . The most famous fence on the Aintree Racecourse. (Named after Captain Becher Who fell at this fence ) What is unique about this fence is the brook on the landing side. This fence is a 4 foot 10 inch fence with a 5 foot 6 inch Brook. The experienced jockeys will take there horses wide as the drop is less the wider you jump the fence. [PAR] Fence 7The Foinavon fence. One of the easier fences on the course at 4 foot 6 inches, but the fence that caused such carnage in the 1967 National. The fence was named after Foinavon a complete outsider who was the only horse to jump the fence first time and went on to win. [PAR] Fence 8The Canal Turn. This is a 5 foot fence. What is important about this fence is that the jockeys need to jump the fence at an angle in order not to lose a lot of ground as there is a 90 degrees angle to the left immediately after jumping this fence. [PAR] Fence 9St. Valentines Brook A 5 foot fence with a 5 foot 6 inch Brook. Fence10 A five foot fence. [PAR] Fence 11The Booth. An open ditch with a 5 foot fence and a 6 foot ditch. [PAR] Fence 12Westhead. A five foot fence followed by a 5 foot 6 inch fence. [PAR] Fence 13This is a 4 foot 7 inch fence. [PAR] Fence 14A 4 foot 6 inch fence, not a difficult fence but horses are beginning to tire and can make simple errors. [PAR] Fence 15The Chair. This is the biggest fence in the National. It is a 6 foot fence with a 5 foot 2 inch ditch. [PAR] Fence 16This is the water jump and is a long jump rather than a high jump. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zippy's Rainbow Zippy's Rainbow [PAR] Rainbow posters are now available from several shops, including Athena, priced around \u00a33.99. [PAR] Zippy Pencil Cases [PAR] WHSmith are now selling Zippy pencil cases, priced \u00a34.99, alongside their back-to-school range. Visit their website to find your nearest store or to shop online. [PAR] 100 Greatest Kids' TV Shows [PAR] Rainbow was among the many shows included in Channel Four's online poll. The results will be broadcast towards the end of the summer. Voting is now closed, but you can find out more on the official Channel Four Website . [PAR] Christie's Auction [PAR] Zippy, Bungle and George costumes were amongst items from Thames TV's Rainbow which featured in the third annual TV Generation sale at South Kensington held on Thursday 12 July 2001. [PAR] The trio came complete with their own luggage and wardrobe, including a turquoise and silver tutu for Bungle, a deerstalker and cape, a fake ermine trimmed red velvet cape and snakeskin superhero costume and mask for George and Zippy. Also included in the lot was a group of publicity photographs from the show. This slice of childhood nostalgia was estimated to fetch up to \u00a33,000 at auction. [PAR] Bidding opened at \u00a32000, and rapidly reached the final offer of \u00a36500. The successful buyers, accompanied by Geoffrey and Jane Tucker adjourned for a press conference following a round of applause. [PAR] The new owners of Zippy, George and Bungle were revealed to be Pearson Television, the owners of the classic children's programme. Fran Bromley, Pearson TV's Creative Development Manager, said that Pearson \"want to make them accessible to people\" indicating that, with any luck, they would be put on display for all to see. Fran boosted the hopes of Rainbow fans by not ruling out a return for the show. [PAR] HMV Selling Rainbow Merchandise [PAR] HMV are now selling T-shirts featuring Bungle, George and Zippy, produced by 2themax Ltd . A range of phone buddies has also been released. [PAR] New Look T-Shirts[DOC] [TLE] Rainbow - Bungle, George, Zippy and Geoffrey Hayes | 60 ... 60 years of ITV | Pictures | Pics | Daily Express [PAR] 60 years of ITV [PAR] Tue, September 22, 2015 [PAR] Photo: 1 / 76 [PAR] A flash back of some of the most memorable and loved moments from 60 years of ITV! [PAR] Chris Tarrant, Sally James Bob Carolgees and John Gorman in Childrens Saturday morning programme - Tiswas [PAR] Chris Tarrant, Sally James Bob Carolgees and John Gorman in Childrens Saturday morning programme - Tiswas [ITV/REX Shutterstock] [PAR] Coronation Street showing Mike (Johnny Briggs) and Ken (William Roache) are tied up in the store cupboard at Freshco during a siege. The soap is one of the longest running shows shown on ITV [PA] [PAR] World of Sport - Big Daddy [REX Shutterstock] [PAR] Cheater harles Ingram answering the \u00a34,000 question on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire [REX Shutterstock] [PAR] Stephen Lewis, Reg Varney and Bob Grant from 'On The Buses' [ITV/REX Shutterstock] [PAR] Beadle's About - Jeremy Beadle - Car Mechanic Sketch 1995 [ITV/REX Shutterstock] [PAR] Crossroads cast - 1979 [ITV/REX Shutterstock] [PAR] Prime Suspect - Helen Mirren as DCI Jane Tennison [ITV/REX Shutterstock] [PAR] Jackie aged 7 years, a contributor in ITV\u00d5s award winning Up Series that has followed a group of 14 children from the age of 7 up until the present day [PA] [PAR] Who could forget this tv gold moment! Paul Burrell's Bush Tucker trial during 2004's I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here! [ITV/REX Shutterstock] [PAR] The Avengers, Diana Rigg, Patrick Macnee [Films/REX"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thistle - National Flower of Scotland | VisitScotland Thistle - National Flower of Scotland | VisitScotland [PAR] Thistle [PAR] About [PAR] Scotland's national flower [PAR] England has the rose, Wales the daffodil, Ireland the shamrock and Scotland\u2026the thistle. [PAR] Second only to tartan, nothing quite says 'Scotland' like this humble, prickly weed. But how on earth did it become the proud emblem of an entire nation? [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] The thistle first appears as a royal symbol on silver coins issued by James III in 1470. [PAR] Nemo me impune lacessit [PAR] (no one attacks me with impunity) [PAR] Latin motto of the Order of the Thistle [PAR] Five Facts [PAR] 1. Mysterious origins [PAR] In truth, no one knows for certain how the purple-flowered thistle rose to such lofty significance. But one legend has it a sleeping party of Scots warriors were saved from ambush by an invading Norse army when one of the enemies trod on the spiky plant. [PAR] His anguished cry roused the slumbering warriors who duly vanquished the invader and adopted the thistle as their national symbol. [PAR] Of course, there is not a shred of evidence to support this account, but it certainly makes a good story. [PAR] 2. There's more than one [PAR] Scotland is home to not just one, but several varieties of thistle, some native and others exotic, and no one is quite sure which is the true symbol of Scotland. Is it the Spear or Musk Thistle? Or maybe it's the poetic-sounding Melancholy Thistle or Our Lady's Thistle? And what about the Cotton Thistle? [PAR] Which could it be? Your guess is as good as ours. [PAR] 3. It's inspired poetry [PAR] Forget A Red, Red Rose, Rabbie Burns' ode to romantic love - the thistle is responsible for one of the finest and influential poems in the Scottish literary cannon, Hugh MacDiarmid's A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, an epic, stream-of-consciousness poem that touches on everything from the state of the nation and the mysteries of the universe to the wondrous joy that is whisky. [PAR] In short, it's essential reading for anyone planning a trip to Scotland. [PAR] 4. A badge of honour [PAR] The thistle has been an important symbol of Scottish heraldry for over 500 years. It also represents one of the highest honours the country can give an individual. Founded by James III in 1687, the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry which is bestowed to those who have made an outstanding contribution to the life of Scotland and the greater United Kingdom. HM The Queen alone invests those in the Order of the Thistle which is second only to the Most Noble Order of the Garter in precedence. [PAR] 5. It's everywhere [PAR] Thistles aren't just found in gardens, parks and in the countryside. Keep your eyes peeled and you will see the insignia emblem cropping up all over Scotland, from the strip of the international rugby team and football clubs, to local businesses and major organisations and corporations, to the uniforms of police officers. [PAR] Other things you might like [PAR] Previous[DOC] [TLE] The Thistle | Symbol of Scotland | Scottish Thistle The Thistle | Symbol of Scotland | Scottish Thistle [PAR] How Did This Spiky Weed Become A Symbol of Scotland? [PAR] Scottish Thistle [PAR] The thistle is the emblem of Scotland and alongside the tartan, it is perhaps one of the most recognizable symbol of all things Scottish. [PAR] But why is it, one asks, should such a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Orthopedic / Prosthetic Dentistry | Dentrist Orthopedic / Prosthetic Dentistry | Dentrist [PAR] Orthopedic / Prosthetic Dentistry [PAR] Topics: Subject. Aim. Tasks. Development stages. [PAR] [PAR] Orthopedic dentistry includes 2 disciplines: [PAR] Propediutics of orthopedic stomatology [PAR] Clinical orthopedic stomatology [PAR] Propediutics of orthopedic dentistry is a discipline which foresees learning the basics in profession before clinical study. [PAR] Propaedeutic dentistry is a pre-clinical department, which help us to study a main (or another big) department like \u2013 Clinical orthopedic dentistry and prosthetic dentistry. [PAR] Propaedeutic dentistry gives us knowledge in the following topics \u2013 [PAR] Functional morphology of stomatognathic system. [PAR] Manufacturing of dental prosthesis. [PAR] Clinical examination (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a) and symptomatology (symptoms) of dental diseases. [PAR] [PAR] Clinical orthopedic dentistry \u2013Study clinical picture and therapy of morphofunctional disturbances through using different restorative techniques ( dentures and devices manufacturing). [PAR] Stomatology / Dentistry [PAR] is the branch of medicine or dentistry concerned with the structures, functions, and diseases of the mouth. [PAR] The word dentistry comes from greek stoma which means oral cavity, buccal cavity and logos which means science. So, dentistry means science about oral cavity. [PAR] Stomatology as specialty is devided in: [PAR] Orthopedic dentistry [PAR] The word comes from Greek: [PAR] Ortos \u2013 straight, to straighten; to correct. [PAR] Pedio \u2013 to educate, to train. [PAR] This term was proposed in 1971 by French surgeon Henry. This term was understood as a skill to prevent and correct body deformities through education, training and exercises. [PAR] [PAR] Prosthesis [PAR] The term (comes from greek) means to restore, to replace a part of harmed human body, or to replace a missing organ. [PAR] Dental prosthesis is an artificial part that replace a missing organ. [PAR] Device is an medical remedy used in tissues affections without loss of substance. [PAR] Device-denture is a mix medical remedy ( it treat and replace a missing organ). [PAR] [PAR] Orthopedic dentistry is a science which study the causes (etiology), pathogeny (how disease occurs), clinical picture and prophylactic methods and treats the affections of stomatognat system using following methods: [PAR] Functional [PAR] The subject of orthopedic dentistry: [PAR] Propediutics of orthopedic dentistry (the general notions about orthopec dentistry) [PAR] Clinical orthopedic dentistry (treatment of patient) [PAR] Tasks of orthopedic dentistry: [PAR] Biological task(medical task) is performed by dentist in treatment room and establish the disturbance (disease) and methods of treatment. [PAR] Laboratory task \u2013 foresees the manufacturing of prosthesis and dental devices which is performed by technician in dental laboratory. [PAR] The aim of orthopedic dentistry outcomes from definition and includes etiology, pathogeny and methods of restorative treatment. [PAR] [PAR] The structure of dental orthopedic clinic (of dental office orthopedic dental department) [PAR] Treatment rooms where dentists works with dental nurses and solve biological task. [PAR] Dental laboratory which includes more rooms, depending on the range of institution: [PAR] The main room where technique works arranged with necessary instruments and devices. [PAR] The room for work with gyps [PAR] Polymerization room has different warming sources and special device for polymerization. [PAR] Soldering room [PAR] Ceramic room \u2013 should be separated from other rooms! [PAR] Registration. [PAR] Development stages of orthopedic dentistry [PAR] There are 4 stages: [PAR] From ancient times till middle age. Is characterized by primitive treatment methods where were used special woods, bones of horned cattle, animal\u2019s teeth. All these could be seen in museums and historical books. [PAR] Middle ages (18th \u2013 19th centuries) [PAR] [PAR] In this period Pierre Faucher collects all knowledge and experience till that time and edit a book \u201c Oral Surgery\u201d. He is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter Sellers - Biography - IMDb Peter Sellers - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Peter Sellers [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 77 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (48) | Personal Quotes (14) | Salary (1) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 8\u00bd\" (1.74 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Often credited as the greatest comedian of all time, Peter Sellers was born to a well-off English acting family in 1925. His mother and father worked in an acting company run by his grandmother. As a child, Sellers was spoiled, as his parents' first child had died at birth. He enlisted in the Royal Air Force and served during World War II. After the war he met Spike Milligan , Harry Secombe and Michael Bentine , who would become his future workmates. [PAR] After the war, he set up a review in London, which was a combination of music (he played the drums) and impressions. Then, all of a sudden, he burst into prominence as the voices of numerous favorites on the BBC radio program \"The Goon Show\" (1951-1960), and then making his debut in films in Penny Points to Paradise (1951) and Down Among the Z Men (1952), before making it big as one of the criminals in The Ladykillers (1955). These small but showy roles continued throughout the 1950s, but he got his first big break playing the dogmatic union man, Fred Kite, in I'm All Right Jack (1959). The film's success led to starring vehicles into the 1960s that showed off his extreme comic ability to its fullest. In 1962, Sellers was cast in the role of Clare Quilty in the Stanley Kubrick version of the film Lolita (1962) in which his performance as a mentally unbalanced TV writer with multiple personalities landed him another part in Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove (1964) in which he played three roles which showed off his comic talent in play-acting in three different accents; British, American, and German. [PAR] The year 1964 represented a peak in his career with four films in release, all of them well-received by critics and the public alike: \"Dr. Strangelove,\" for which he was Oscar nominated, \"The Pink Panther,\" in which he played his signature role of the bumbling French Inspector Jacques Clouseau for the first time, its almost accidental sequel, \"A Shot in the Dark,\" and \"The World of Henry Orient.\" Sellers was on top of the world, but on the evening of April 5, 1964, he suffered a nearly fatal heart attack after taking amyl nitrites (also called 'poppers'; an early type of Viagara-halogen combination) while engaged in a sexual act with his second wife Britt Eckland. He has been working on Billy Wilder's \"Kiss Me, Stupid\" (1964). In a move Wilder later regretted, he replaced Sellers with Ray Walston rather than hold up production. By October 1964, Sellers made a full recovery and was working again. [PAR] The mid-1960s were noted for the popularity of all things British, from the Beatles music (who were presented with their Grammy for Best New Artist by Sellers) to the James Bond films, and the world turned to Sellers for comedy. \"What's New Pussycat\" (1965) was another big hit, but a combination of his ego and insecurity was making Sellers difficult to work with. When the James Bond spoof, \"Casino Royale\" (1967) ran over budget and was unable to recoup its costs despite an otherwise healthy box-office take, Sellers received some of the blame. He turned down an offer from United Artists for the title"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project [PAR] Historical Country Names [PAR] keywords: geography, historical country names, former country names, history, place name changes, historical maps [PAR] List of formerly used country names and names of countries which have ceased to exist. [PAR] Name changes of countries, dependencies, geographical and other regions of particular geopolitical interest. [PAR] [PAR] Today [PAR] Abyssinia [PAR] The Ethiopian Empire spans a geographical area of today Ethiopia, Eritrea , and Djibouti ,and included parts of Northern Somalia , Southern Egypt , Eastern Sudan , Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia . Abyssinia was an empire that existed for more than 800 years, from circa 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1974 when the Ethiopian monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Afars and Issas Territory [PAR] formerly known as French Somaliland, the French colony was renamed to the French Territory of Afars and Issas (1967 - 1977),the territory became independent in 1977, known today as Djibouti. [PAR] formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as the Kingdom of Lesotho. [PAR] [PAR] formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as Republic of Botswana. [PAR] [PAR] Democratic Republic of the Congo [PAR] Benadir [PAR] a coastal region of Somalia; covering most of the Indian Ocean coast of the country, from the Gulf of Aden to the Juba River, formerly part of Italian Somaliland. [PAR] [PAR] Biafra, Republic of (named after the Bight of Biafra) today part of [PAR] [PAR] Bophuthatswana - nominal republic and homeland for Tswana-speaking people, 1949 reincorporated into [PAR] [PAR] British Bechuanaland (region) incorporated into the Cape Colony (1895) [PAR] [PAR] British East Africa or East Africa Protectorate [PAR] British protectorate from 1890 until 1920 [PAR] [PAR] Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , and parts of Somalia (Jubaland) [PAR] Cape Colony, 1795-1797 British colony, 1803-1806 colony of the Batavian Republic (Netherlands), since 1910 part of [PAR] [PAR] Central African Republic [PAR] Kenya Colony [PAR] The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony in 1920. [PAR] [PAR] Ciskei (Republic of Ciskei)- homeland for Xhosa-speaking people, 1994 reincorporated into [PAR] [PAR] Dahomey ; (the Republic of Dahomey; in French: R\u00e9publique du Dahomey), was a former French colony andpart of French West Africa until independence in 1960, in 1975 the Republic of Dahomeychanged its name in Benin. [PAR] Dan Ho Me was an ancient Kingdom located in the south of today Benin. [PAR] [PAR] French Guinea was a French protectorate in West Africa, after independence from France in 1958 it became today [PAR] [PAR] Mali [PAR] French West Africa [PAR] was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia and Niger, French Sudan , French Guinea , C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Upper Volta and Dahomey . [PAR] [PAR] Mauritania , The Gambia , Senegal , Niger , Mali , Guinea , C\u00f4te d'Ivoire , Burkina Faso and Benin. [PAR] German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika) [PAR] a German colony from 1885 until 1919 which included Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika (the mainland part of present Tanzania), an area almost three times the size of Germany today. German East Africa colony ended with the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I. With the Treaty of Versailles the territory was divided between Britain (Tanganyika.), Belgium (Ruanda-Urundi), and Portugal (to become part of Mozambique). [PAR] [PAR] Hausaland, consisted of seven independent city-states: Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria. [PAR] [PAR] Italian East Africa"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sarking - definition of sarking by The Free Dictionary Sarking - definition of sarking by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Sarking - definition of sarking by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sarking [PAR] Related to sarking: sarking felt [PAR] sarking [PAR] (\u02c8s\u0251\u02d0k\u026a\u014b; \u02c8s\u00e6rk\u026a\u014b) [PAR] n [PAR] (Building) Scot and Northern English and NZ a timber or felt cladding placed over the rafters of a roof before the tiles or slates are fixed in place [PAR] [C15: from verbal use of sark] [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Write what you mean clearly and correctly. [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Replace with new kliplok metal roof including sarking and 50 mm thermal blanket over roof safety mesh to as/nzs 4389 and lahc standards. [PAR] Units 1-9 438 illawarra road marrickville roof repairs: [PAR] Work done included fully recovering the principal roof, with modern sarking felt below French reed thatching, which was renewed at the time. [PAR] Thatched roof lends air of romance to cottage; Improvements have been made to preserve the crowning glory of this charming village home, reports Alison Jones [PAR] Oerlikon Neumag offers the complete process from polymer chips up to roll goods for the production of substrate for bitumen roofing membranes, sarking membranes and also geotextiles."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter and the Wolf Introduction by Phil Tulga Peter and the Wolf Introduction by Phil Tulga [PAR] Peter and the Wolf [PAR] - a musical story by Sergei Prokofiev - [PAR] Welcome to my introduction on Peter and the Wolf. It includes:1) background on Prokofiev [pruh-COFFEE-ehf], 2) musical themes for each character, 3) multimedia activities that integrate Prokofiev's themes with other areas of the curriculum, 4) Prokofiev's original story that he wrote in 1936, and 5) my follow-up writing prompt and story map/sequence . So take a couple of minutes to read about Sergei Prokofiev, hear the characters' musical themes, and enjoy reading the classic musical tale, Peter and the Wolf. [PAR] Background [PAR] Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953) was born in the village of Sontsovka in the Donets region of the Ukraine. He was a child prodigy on the order of Mozart, composing for piano at age five and writing an opera at nine. His first teacher was his mother, a talented pianist. He attended the St. Petersburg Conservatory from 1904 to 1914, winning the Anton Rubinstein prize for best student pianist when he graduated. He traveled widely, spending many years in London and Paris, and toured the United States five times. [PAR] In 1936, Prokofiev returned to settle permanently in the Soviet Union. One of his first compositions after his return was Peter and the Wolf, written in just two weeks in April of 1936 for a children's theater in Moscow. Prokofiev invented the story and wrote the narration himself, drawing on memories of his own childhood. He constructed the music as a child's introduction to the orchestra, with each character in the story represented by a different instrument or group of instruments: Peter by the strings, the bird by the flute, the duck by the oboe, the cat by the clarinet, the wolf by the horn section, and so on. [PAR] Peter and the Wolf was an immediate success and has been loved by children all over the world. The music is sophisticated enough to be enjoyed by adults, even through repeated hearings. And its moral \u0097 you can't be a hero if you don't take risks \u0097 delights children as it must have cheered the composer. [PAR] Musical Themes [PAR] Prokofiev's Original Story [PAR] Early one morning, Peter opened the gate and walked out into the big green meadow. [PAR] On a branch of a big tree sat a little bird, Peter's friend. \"All is quiet\" chirped the bird happily. [PAR] Just then a duck came waddling round. She was glad that Peter had not closed the gate and decided to take a nice swim in the deep pond in the meadow. [PAR] Seeing the duck, the little bird flew down upon on the grass, settled next to her and shrugged his shoulders. \"What kind of bird are you if you can't fly?\" said he. To this the duck replied \"What kind of bird are you if you can't swim?\" and dived into the pond. [PAR] They argued and argued, the duck swimming in the pond and the little bird hopping along the shore. [PAR] Suddenly, something caught Peter's attention. He noticed a cat crawling through the grass. [PAR] The cat thought; \"That little bird is busy arguing, I'll just grab him. Stealthily, the cat crept towards him on her velvet paws. [PAR] \"Look out!\" shouted Peter and the bird immediately flew up into the tree, while the duck quacked angrily at the cat, from the middle of the pond. The cat walked around the tree and thought, \"Is it worth climbing up so high? By"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King William IV - British Royal Family History King William IV | Britroyals [PAR] Born: August 21, 1765 at Buckingham Palace [PAR] Parents: George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz [PAR] Relation to Elizabeth II: 3rd great-granduncle [PAR] House of: Hanover [PAR] Ascended to the throne: June 26, 1830 aged 64 years [PAR] Crowned: September 8, 1831 at Westminster Abbey [PAR] Married: Adelaide, daughter of Duke of Saxe-Meinigen [PAR] Children: Four none of whom survived infancy, plus several illegitimate by Dorothy Jordan [PAR] Died: June 20, 1837 at Windsor Castle, aged 71 years, 9 months, and 28 days [PAR] Buried at: Windsor [PAR] Reigned for: 6 years, 11 months, and 24 days [PAR] Succeeded by: his niece Victoria [PAR] William was the third son of George III and not expected to become king. He was sent off to join the Royal Navy at 13 years old, and saw service at the Battle of St Vincent against the Spanish in 1780 and in New York during the American War of Independence. A supposed plot approved by George Washington to kidnap him was leaked and did not come to fruition. He was later stationed in the West Indies under Horatio Nelson, and left active service in 1790 as a Rear Admiral. [PAR] He was created Duke of Clarence and from 1791 set up home with Dorothea Bland, an Irish actress known as \ufffdMrs Jordan\ufffd. They lived contentedly together for 20 years, and had 5 sons and 5 daughters given the surname Fitzclarence. By 1817 William was in debt but, with the death of Princess Charlotte only daughter of his elder brother, he had become heir to the throne. Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen was found for him as a suitable Protestant wife and they married in 1818. The marriage was happy but despite several miscarriages there were no children who survived infancy. His London residence Clarence House was designed for him by John Nash in 1825. [PAR] William was 64 years old and the oldest person to date to succeed to the throne when he became King on the death of his brother George IV in 1830. He was nicknamed \ufffdThe Sailor King\ufffd, distrusted foreigners and was noted for his informality. He regularly invited his friends for dinner, and when told that his carriage was not ready to take him to Parliament he is reported to have said \ufffdThen I will go by hackney cab\ufffd. In 1834 when fire destroyed the Houses of Parliament at Westminster he offered Buckingham Palace to Parliament. They declined and Westminster was rebuilt by Charles Barry in Gothic style. [PAR] He took his responsibilities seriously but was more used from his naval career to giving and receiving orders than the intrigues of politics. The Reform Act which sought to remove inequalities in the electoral system, including the removal of \ufffdrotten boroughs\ufffd which returned a disproportionate representation to actual voters, had a stormy passage through Parliament. It was only passed in 1832 after street protests and Lord Grey and his cabinet threatened to resign unless the king supported them against opposition from the House of Lords. He sought to repair Anglo-American relations following the war during his father\ufffds reign but, despite his experience in the West Indies, argued against Wilberforce who was campaigning to abolish the slave trade. The Abolition of Slavery Act was eventually passed in 1833. William died in 1837 aged 71 of heart failure. He had no legitimate children and was succeeded by his niece Victoria. [PAR] King William IV's Signature [PAR] Quotes: [PAR] \ufffdI have my view of things, and I tell them to my"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Metric, Celsius, & Gas Mark Equivalencies Metric, Celsius, & Gas Mark Equivalencies [PAR] Metric, Celsius, & Gas Mark Equivalencies [PAR] Imperial [PAR] 1 tbs = 3 tsp = .5 fl.oz [PAR] 1 cup = 16 tbs = 48 tsp = 8 fl.oz [PAR] 1 pint = 16 fl.oz = 2 cups = .5 qt [PAR] 1 qt = 4 cups = 2 pints = .25 gallon [PAR] 1 gallon = 16 cups = 8 pints = 4 qt [PAR] Gas Mark"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Benjamin Franklin . Wit and Wisdom . Name that Ben | PBS Benjamin Franklin . Wit and Wisdom . Name that Ben | PBS [PAR] enlarge [PAR] During the eighteenth century, it was common for writers and journalists to use pseudonyms, or false names, when they created newspaper articles and letters to the editor. Franklin used this convention extensively throughout his life, sometimes to express an idea that might have been considered slanderous or even illegal by the authorities; other times to present two sides of an issue, much like the point-counterpoint style of journalism used today. [PAR] When Franklin used a pseudonym, he often created an entire persona for the \"writer.\" Sometimes he wrote as a woman, other times as a man, but always with a specific point of view. While all of his writings were focused and logical, many were also humorous, filled with wit and irony. Silence Dogood, Harry Meanwell, Alice Addertongue, Richard Saunders, and Timothy Turnstone were a few of the many pseudonyms Franklin used throughout his career. [PAR] Silence Dogood \u0097 Mrs. Dogood was Franklin's first pseudonym, created when he was sixteen years old and serving as a printer's apprentice to his brother James. Silence Dogood was a middle-aged widow who looked at the world with a humorous and satiric eye. Her letters dealt with a range of topics from love and courtship to the state of education in Massachusetts. In all, fifteen Silence Dogood letters were published in James Franklin's New England Courant. [PAR] Caelia Shortface and Martha Careful \u0097 Franklin wrote mocking letters from these two \"ladies\" to get even with his former employer Samuel Keimer for stealing some of Franklin's publishing ideas. The letters were printed in the American Weekly Mercury, a newspaper published by Keimer's competitor Andrew Bradford. [PAR] Busy Body \u0097 Franklin's Busy Body letters were also published in the American Weekly Mercury. Miss Body's letters were filled with humorous looks at the battle of the sexes and barbs at local businessmen. Gossip was Busy Body's stock in trade. [PAR] Anthony Afterwit \u0097 Franklin created this \"gentleman\" to provide a humorous look at matrimony and married life from a male point of view. Mr. Afterwit appeared in Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette. [PAR] Alice Addertongue \u0097 Miss Addertongue was a thirty-five year old gossip who provided Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette with stories of scandal about prominent members of society. [PAR] Richard Saunders \u0097 Of all of Franklin's noms de plume, Mr. Saunders became the best known. Richard Saunders was the \"Richard\" of Poor Richard's Almanack. First published late in 1732, Poor Richard's Almanack is probably Franklin's best-known publication. Richard Saunders' humorous sayings and advice filled the pages of the almanac's twenty-six editions. [PAR] Polly Baker \u0097 Franklin used Polly Baker to examine the negative way women were treated in the eyes of the law. Ms. Baker had several illegitimate children and was punished for her \"crime,\" while the fathers, many of whom were prominent citizens, suffered no such hardship. [PAR] Benevolus \u0097 While in England, Franklin penned a number of letters under the name of Benevolus. These letters tried to answer some of the negative assertions made by the British press about the American colonists. These letters were published in London newspapers and journals. [PAR] copyright 2002 Twin Cities Public Television, Inc. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Clothes Show - TV.com The Clothes Show - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] The Clothes Show is a British video magazine that focuses on the European fashion world and how people can get a hold of the latest trends for less. Designer Jeff Banks created the show in 1986, and he stars in the first two episodes as a savvy fashion reporter scouting the catwalk. His co-host, ex-TV newsreader Selina Scott, goes inside the dressing room, taking a closer look at the stressful atmosphere behind the scenes before every show. Fashion editor Caryn Franklin joins the hosts to give viewers a detailed analysis of fashion week as it occurs. Together, the trio teaches viewers how to look, act and dress like a top model on a meager budget. Caryn later replaces the two hosts and adds singer Louise Redknapp and Irish stylist Brendan Courtney to her entourage of fashion reporters. Throughout the series, producer Susan Brand catches The Clothes Show hosts off-guard, which produces some unexpected events in the dressing room and on the runway. [PAR] moreless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anthony Trollope | British author | Britannica.com Anthony Trollope | British author | Britannica.com [PAR] Anthony Trollope [PAR] Jane Austen [PAR] Anthony Trollope, (born April 24, 1815, London , Eng.\u2014died Dec. 6, 1882, London), English novelist whose popular success concealed until long after his death the nature and extent of his literary merit. A series of books set in the imaginary English county of Barsetshire remains his best loved and most famous work, but he also wrote convincing novels of political life as well as studies that show great psychological penetration. One of his greatest strengths was a steady, consistent vision of the social structures of Victorian England, which he re-created in his books with unusual solidity. [PAR] Anthony Trollope, oil painting by S. Laurence, 1865; in the National Portrait Gallery, London. [PAR] Courtesy of The National Portrait Gallery, London [PAR] Trollope grew up as the son of a sometime scholar, barrister , and failed gentleman farmer. He was unhappy at the great public schools of Winchester and Harrow. Adolescent awkwardness continued until well into his 20s. The years 1834\u201341 he spent miserably as a junior clerk in the General Post Office, but he was then transferred as a postal surveyor to Ireland, where he began to enjoy a social life. In 1844 he married Rose Heseltine, an Englishwoman, and set up house at Clonmel , in Tipperary. He then embarked upon a literary career that leaves a dominant impression of immense energy and versatility. [PAR] The Warden (1855) was his first novel of distinction, a penetrating study of the warden of an old people\u2019s home who is attacked for making too much profit from a charitable sinecure. During the next 12 years Trollope produced five other books set, like The Warden, in Barsetshire: Barchester Towers (1857), Doctor Thorne (1858), Framley Parsonage (1861), The Small House at Allington (1864), and The Last Chronicle of Barset (serially 1866\u201367; 1867). Barchester Towers is the funniest of the series; Doctor Thorne perhaps the best picture of a social system based on birth and the ownership of land; and The Last Chronicle, with its story of the sufferings of the scholarly Mr. Crawley, an underpaid curate of a poor parish, the most pathetic. [PAR] The Barsetshire novels excel in memorable characters, and they exude the atmosphere of the cathedral community and of the landed aristocracy . [PAR] In 1859 Trollope moved back to London, resigning from the civil service in 1867 and unsuccessfully standing as a Liberal parliamentary candidate in 1868. Before then, however, he had produced some 18 novels apart from the Barsetshire group. He wrote mainly before breakfast at a fixed rate of 1,000 words an hour. Outstanding among works of that period were Orley Farm (serially, 1861\u201362; 1862), which made use of the traditional plot of a disputed will, and Can You Forgive Her? (serially, 1864\u201365; 1865), the first of his political novels, which introduced Plantagenet Palliser , later duke of Omnium, whose saga was to stretch over many volumes down to The Duke\u2019s Children (serially, 1879\u201380; 1880), a subtle study of the dangers and difficulties of marriage. In the political novels Trollope is less concerned with political ideas than with the practical working of the system\u2014with the mechanics of power. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] EU Considers Rules For Robots [PAR] In about 1869 Trollope\u2019s last, and in some respects most interesting, period as a writer began. Traces of his new style are to be found in the slow-moving He Knew He Was Right (serially, 1868\u201369; 1869), a subtle account of a rich man\u2019s jealous obsession with his innocent"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lavvu - Videos - Mashpedia - The Video Encyclopedia Lavvu - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos [PAR] Lavvu [PAR] NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] [PAR] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] A Sami family in front of a goahti in the foreground and a lavvu in the background (the picture is taken around 1900). [PAR] Lavvu (or Northern Sami : l\u00e1vvu, Inari Sami : l\u00e1\u00e1vu, Skolt Sami : k\u00e5\u00e5vas, Kildin Sami : koavas, Finnish : kota or umpilaavu, Norwegian : lavvo or sametelt, and Swedish : k\u00e5ta) is a temporary dwelling used by the Sami people of northern Scandinavia. It has a design similar to a Native American tipi but is less vertical and more stable in high winds. It enables the indigenous cultures of the treeless plains of northern Scandinavia and the high arctic of Eurasia to follow their reindeer herds. It is still used as a temporary shelter by the Sami, and increasingly by other people for camping. It should not be confused with the goahti , an other type of Sami dwelling, or the Finnish laavu . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Historical definition[ edit ] [PAR] A lavvu in the late 1800s, from \"Norge i det nittende aarhundrede\" (1900). [PAR] There are several historical references that describe the lavvu structure (also called a kota, or a variation on this name) used by the Sami. These structures have the following in common: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [PAR] The lavvu is supported by three or more evenly spaced forked or notched poles that form a tripod. [PAR] There are upwards of ten or more unsecured straight poles that are laid up against the tripod and which give form to the structure. [PAR] The lavvu does not need any stakes , guy-wire or ropes to provide shape or stability to the structure. [PAR] The shape and volume of the lavvu is determined by the size and quantity of the poles that are used for the structure. [PAR] There is no center pole needed to support this structure. [PAR] No historical record has come to light that describes the Sami using a single-pole structure claimed to be a lavvu, or any other Scandinavian variant name for the structure. The definition and description of this structure has been fairly consistent since the 17th century and possibly many centuries earlier. [PAR] The goahti , also used by the Sami, has a different pole configuration. While trees suitable to make lavvu poles are quite easy to find and often left at the site for later use, the four curved poles of the goahti have to be carried. [PAR] Traditional and modern lavvu[ edit ] [PAR] The traditional lavvu consists of two types of wooden poles: 1) three or more forked poles and; 2) several straight poles. The forked poles have a two-stem fork at the top end. These three poles are interlocked so that they form a tripod. Upon this assembly of the forked poles, the straight poles are laid in a circular fashion. Reindeer hides were used as a cover until the mid-19th century when large amounts of inexpensive manufactured British textiles were made available to the Sami. [PAR] The traditional lavvus are still in use, but for ease of transportation modern designs have replaced the wooden poles with aluminum ones and heavier textiles with lighter fabrics. In addition, instead of an open fire an oven can be used. This reduces the smoke but produces less light making it quite dark inside. A lavvu of this type is easier to carry and is a common alternative to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Horses - the skeleton - horses and ponies on the internet Horses - the skeleton - horses and ponies on the internet [PAR] Protection for brain, inner ear, parts of eye & nasal passages [PAR] Mandible ( lower jaw) [PAR] Maxilla ( upper jaw0 both contain teeth. Nasal bones. Zygomatic or supraorbital procees protects the eye. Occipital bone forms back of skull and joins the top of neck. [PAR] SPINE [PAR] Collection of bones, vertebrae, lying one behind the other in a line from the base of skul to tip of tail [PAR] Housing & protection for spinal cord. Attachments for muscles, tendons and ligaments which support weight of the body. Connects head and limbs. [PAR] Cervical 7 vertebrea, atlas is the first bone inthe neck followed by axis. Thoracic 18 vertebrae, conection with the ribs. Lumbar 6 vertebrae. Sacral 5 fused vertebrae, part of hip girdle. Coccygeal average 18 vertebrae forming tail [PAR] RIBCAGE [PAR] 18 pairs of ribs each connecting to a thoracic vertebrae [PAR] Protection for heart and lungs. [PAR] 8 true ribs connected to sternum or breast bone directly, 10 false pairs conected to sternum by cartilage. [PAR] FORELIMBS [PAR] Scapula [PAR] Shoulder blade- one either side of the rib cage. [PAR] Connected to spine by muscle and ligaments, only allows freedom of movement and absorbtion of concussion. [PAR] Horse has no collar bone, no fixed connection to the spine to forelimbs.Horses front part of ribcage and internal organs are held in place by a muscular sling called the Thoracic Sling [PAR] Humerus [PAR] Upper end form point of shoulder [PAR] Connection of shoulder blade to forelimbs [PAR] Lower end joins forelimbs at the elbow [PAR] Radius and Ulna [PAR] Upper part of the foreleg [PAR] Ulna a short bone forms point of elbow. Radius a long bone stretches to the knee joint. [PAR] Knee [PAR] Carpus bones and pissiform bones [PAR] Joint allowing movement in the foreleg [PAR] 6 carpus, 3 on top of 3. Plane joint allows movement, pissiform bone at the back. [PAR] Cannon bone [PAR] Bone of the lower leg [PAR] Weight bearing bone, circumfrence of the cannon just under the knee is a guide to the horse's abillity to bear weight and do hard work, referred to as 9\" bone etc. [PAR] Stretches from the knee joint to the fetlock joint. [PAR] Splints [PAR] Two bones either side of the cannon bones ( fore & hind) [PAR] Help support some of the carpus bones of the knee, real function lost through evolution. [PAR] In length approx two thords of the cannon bone, vestiges of toes. [PAR] Lost through evolution. [PAR] Sesamoids [PAR] 2 bones behind the fetlock joint. [PAR] Provide agroove to hold the tendons of the leg. Also acts as a pulley system for movement of the lower leg. [PAR] Pastern [PAR] 2 bones in the lower leg and foot [PAR] Connection between the joints of the leg and leg. [PAR] Long pastern found between fetlock and pastern joint, short pastern found between pastern joint and the coffin joint. [PAR] Pedal bone [PAR] Hoof like shaped bone of the foot. [PAR] Attachment for tendons/ ligaments from muscles in the forearm. [PAR] Navicular bone [PAR] Pelvic girdle [PAR] 3 fused bones called the ileum, ischium and pubis. [PAR] Tightly attached to the spine allowing transfer of propulsion to hind legs. Protection of the uterus. [PAR] Joined to the spine through the sacroileac joints, ischium forms the point of buttck. [PAR] Femur [PAR] Large bone of the hind limbs [PAR] Connects with the pelvis at the hip joint and with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scientific Name: Vulpes vulpes - Pioneer Union Elementary ... Virtual Zoo - Vulpes vulpes [PAR] Vulpes vulpes [PAR] Genius: Vulpes [PAR] Species: V. vulpes [PAR] The Red Fox, or Vulpes vulpes, is also a carnivore that eats plants too. Its diet is very simple because the red fox mainly eats small animals and nuts and berries. In the winter, the red fox eats small animals such as hares, mice, and other types of small mammals. In the summer, the Red Fox can poach a farmer's chicken and depend entirely on them. The red fox can have at least 10 babies in a litter. It takes about 2-3 months for a red fox to be pregnant and give birth to kits. The kits will leave their mother after seven months since they are able to take care of themselves. Then, they are ready to make a family. Adult foxes usually live alone except when they are raising babies. The adult foxes will make a sound like \"wuk..wuk..wuk\" when they are bringing food for the baby foxes, so the baby foxes will know that it is their parent, not an intruder. [PAR] kjhkh [PAR] Red foxes live all over the place; from North America, Central America, Europe, northern Asia, to even parts of Australia. They usually like to live in forests and brush lands. Red foxes can hear the noises that are going on underground and have an extraordinary sense of smell. The red fox is in the family Canidae and is sometimes described as cat-like dogs. They are mostly nocturnal and can adapt quickly to their surroundings. The importance of red foxes to the economy is their fur. The red fox isn't the only kind of fox though; there are fennec foxes, striped foxes and many others. Carnivores mainly came from the order Carnivora. There are 10 families in all. They are: Canidae, Ursidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Viverridae, Hyaenidae, Felidae, Otariidae, Obdobenidae, and Phocidae. [PAR] hkhk [PAR] The family Canidae contains dogs, wolves, jackals, foxes, and other types of doglike members. Ursidae contains all the bears and Procyonidae has all the raccoons. The family Mustelidae consists of skunks, mink, weasels, and badgers and they are very important to the economy because of their fur. Viverridae is the civet and mongoose family and the hyena family is in Hyaenidae. Felidae is the cat family and Otariidae contains the eared seals. Obdobenidae is the walrus family and Phocidae is the earless seal family. The families Otariidae, Obdobenidae, and Phocidae are also very important to the economy. They are important because of their blubber, bones, meat, tendons, and hides can be manufactured to all sorts of things. Carnivores are important to the environment because without them, our environment would be populated by herbivores. Carnivores are important in many different ways and they are also very unique. [PAR] 123456789[DOC] [TLE] Vulpes vulpes - US Forest Service Vulpes vulpes [PAR] Introductory [PAR] WILDLIFE SPECIES: Vulpes vulpes [PAR] AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION : Tesky, Julie L. 1995. Vulpes vulpes. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/mammal/vuvu/all.html [ [PAR] ]. [PAR] ABBREVIATION : VUVU COMMON NAMES : red fox fox TAXONOMY : The currently accepted scientific name for the red fox is Vulpes vulpes Linn. Red foxes belongs to the family Canidae. Historically red foxes were classified as two species, Vulpes vulpes in the Old World and V. fulva in the New World, but today they are considered to be one species [ 5 , 11 , 36 ]. Hall [ 11 ]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Visit Downton Abbey and English Castles Visit Downton Abbey and English Castles [PAR] 6 nights in the Millennium Tara House Kensington [PAR] Itinerary [PAR] Day 1: Depart for London [PAR] Overnight flight to London under own arrangement. [PAR] Day 2: Arrive in London [PAR] Arrive in London and meet your tour guide at the airport. Enjoy a panoramic tour of London on your way to our Hotel. There is time to rest before our Welcome Dinner at the hotel. (D) [PAR] Day 3: Windsor Castle, Hampton Court Palace. [PAR] After our full English Breakfast we depart for a full day of touring. We start at Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world. It has been the family home of British kings and queens for almost 1000 years. It is an official residence of Her Majesty the Queen, whose flag flies from the Round Tower when she is in residence. [PAR] Continue to Hampton Court Palace, a royal palace, 11.7 miles south west and upstream of central London on the River Thames. Redevelopment began to be carried out in 1515 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, a favourite of King Henry VIII. In 1529, as Wolsey fell from favor, the King seized the palace for himself and later enlarged it. Along with St. James' Palace, it is one of only two surviving palaces out of the many owned by King Henry VIII. In the following century, King William III's massive rebuilding and expansion project, which destroyed much of the Tudor palace, was intended to rival Versailles. Work ceased in 1694, leaving the palace in two distinct contrasting architectural styles, domestic Tudor and Baroque. While the palace's styles are an accident of fate, a unity exists due to the use of pink bricks and a symmetrical balancing of successive low wings. King George II was the last monarch to reside in this palace. We return to our hotel for dinner. (B, D) [PAR] Day 4: Stonehenge, Westminister Abbey, Big Ben [PAR] This morning we depart London for Stonehenge. One of the most famous sites in the wolrd, Stonehenge is composed of a circular setting of large standing stones set within earthwork. It is at the center of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated back to about 3100BC. Returning to London, we visit Westminister Abbey and see Big Ben. Westminister Abbey was initially built by Henry III in 1245 and it is one of the most important Gothic buildings in England. It was at first home to Benedictine monks, then the Royal Coronation Church and is the final resting place of 17 monarchs, It contains a treasury full of paintings, stain glass, pavements, textiles, various other artifacts and books plus the most significant collection of monumental sculptures of the United Kingdom. We return to our hotel for dinner. (B, D) [PAR] Day 5: Highclere Castle (Downton Abbey) [PAR] After breakfast we depart for our full day at Highclere Castle in Hampshire. This famous castle is used for exterior shots and many of the interior filming of the PBS series, Downton Abbey. However, the kitchen, servants' quarters, working areas, and several \"upstairs\" bedrooms were constructed and filmed at Ealing Studios in London. Highclere Castle is the actual home of the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon. We spend the day exploring the interior, the Egyptian Exhibit and the beautiful gardens. We return to our hotel for dinner. (B, D) [PAR] Day 6:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Collars on Pinterest | Types Of, Shirt Collars and Peter ... 1000+ images about Collars on Pinterest | Types of, Shirt collars and Peter pan collars [PAR] Forward [PAR] Mandarin collars : are types of stand collars. As the name implies, this kind of collar are also found on chinese attires. The collar stands upright around the neck. The center front edges of the mandarin collar may be squared or curved as the collar is seamed with a slight curve to give it a close fitting. (WONG HUI LI FD1A1) [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donovan - Biography - IMDb Donovan - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 26 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (15) | Personal Quotes (3) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 10\" (1.78 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Donovan Philips Leitch was born May 10, 1946, in Glasgow, Scotland. Music was always part of his home life, with both traditional Scottish/Irish songs at family and local celebrations, and popular music through radio and live performances. When Donovan was ten his family moved south to England, resettling in Hatfield. Before starting college in his teens, the young man had run away from home more than once; on one outing at fourteen, he found an old guitar in a trash can, still good enough to learn the basics on. [PAR] Though interested in rock-n-roll through artists like Buddy Holly and The Everly Brothers , Donovan embraced the folk-music boom that swept both England and America in the early 1960s, and also the Beat Generation writers and poets. Donovan settled into the St. Albans music scene, north of London, but traveled to different parts of the country, frequently with longtime friend \"Gypsy Dave\", who played kazoo and passed the hat while Donovan played guitar and harmonica and sang, for their keep. Their songs included traditional and recent folk music, songs by their friends (like Mick Softley) and the beginnings of Donovan's own writing, about what he'd seen and experienced away from home. [PAR] On a beach trip to Southend with members of the St. Albans circle, Donovan played and sang between performances by an R&B group called the Cops and Robbers, and so impressed the group's managers that they expressed interest in signing him up as a performer. Beginning with taping some publishers' demos for other songwriters, Donovan was soon demoing his own material, and the tapes found their way to the ears of Elkan Allan , producer of Britain's popular rock show Ready, Steady, Go! (1963). Donovan's first appearance (in cap and denim) led to a short residency on the show, which in turn led to a recording contract with England's Pye Records. His first singles were respectable UK hits in 1965, and made a minor impact on the American market that year. [PAR] Promoted first as mainly a folk performer and a kind of British rival to Bob Dylan , evidence of Donovan's own blossoming style as writer and musician was undeniable as early as his second album, with its hints at jazz and a different kind of pop sense from Dylan's. When Dylan toured England in 1965, the two met for a well-publicized \"summit\" at his hotel suite; after an hour's private talk, they emerged smiling arm-in-arm to a waiting press conference. Press headlines announced \"DYLAN DIGS DONOVAN!\" and he joined Dylan and Joan Baez on the road, though he didn't perform with them onstage. (Donovan can be seen keeping Dylan and Baez company in Dylan's Bob Dylan: Dont Look Back (1967)). Donovan went on to the 1965 Newport Folk Festival, where he was welcomed. [PAR] After his first two mostly-folk albums in England (distributed in the US by Hickory Records), produced by his managers, Donovan immersed himself in the pop sounds of the \"British Invasion\" bands, and both his writing and choices in the studio reflected this. In 1966 Mickie Most became Donovan's new producer, and his sidemen began to include future Led Zeppelin members John Paul Jones (who arranged several Donovan tunes, augmenting the sound they were aiming for) and Jimmy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Solar System that Neptune Built - Space.com Planet Neptune: Facts About Its Orbit, Moons & Rings [PAR] Planet Neptune: Facts About Its Orbit, Moons & Rings [PAR] By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] November 25, 2014 05:14pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Neptune\u2019s winds travel at more than 1,500 mph, and are the fastest planetary winds in the solar system. [PAR] Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun. It was the first planet to get its existence predicted by mathematical calculations before it was actually seen through a telescope on Sept. 23, 1846. Irregularities in the orbit of Uranus led French astronomer Alexis Bouvard to suggest that the gravitational pull from another celestial body might be responsible. German astronomer Johann Galle then relied on subsequent calculations to help spot Neptune via telescope . Previously, astronomer Galileo Galilei sketched the planet, but he mistook it for a star due to its slow motion. In accordance with all the other planets seen in the sky, this new world was given a name from Greek and Roman mythology \u2014 Neptune, the Roman god of the sea. [PAR] Physical characteristics [PAR] Neptune's cloud cover has an especially vivid blue tint that is partly due to an as-yet-unidentified compound and the result of the absorption of red light by methane in the planets mostly hydrogen-helium atmosphere. Photos of Neptune reveal a blue planet, and it is often dubbed an ice giant, since it possesses a thick, slushy fluid mix of water, ammonia and methane ices under its atmosphere and is roughly 17 times Earth's mass and nearly 58 times its volume, according to a NASA fact sheet . Neptune's rocky core alone is thought to be roughly equal to Earth's mass , NASA says. [PAR] Despite its great distance from the sun , which means it gets little sunlight to help warm and drive its atmosphere, Neptune's winds can reach up to 1,500 mph (2,400 kph), the fastest detected yet in the solar system . These winds were linked with a large dark storm that Voyager 2 tracked in Neptune's southern hemisphere in 1989. This oval-shaped, counterclockwise-spinning \"Great Dark Spot\" was large enough to contain the entire Earth, and moved westward at nearly 750 mph (1,200 kph). This storm seemed to have vanished when the Hubble Space Telescope later searched for it. Hubble has also revealed the appearance and then fading of two other Great Dark Spots over the past decade. [PAR] Neptune's magnetic poles are tipped over by roughly 47 degrees compared with the poles along which it spins. As such, the planet's magnetic field, which is about 27 times more powerful than Earth's, undergoes wild swings during each rotation. [PAR] By studying the cloud formations on the gas giant, scientists were able to calculate that a day on Neptune lasts just under 16 hours . [PAR] Orbital characteristics [PAR] Neptune's elliptical, oval-shaped orbit keeps the planet an average distance from the sun of almost 2.8 billion miles (4.5 billion kilometers), or roughly 30 times as far away as Earth, making it invisible to the naked eye. Neptune goes around the sun once roughly every 165 Earth years, and completed its first orbit, since being discovered , in 2011. [PAR] Every 248 years, Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for 20 years or so, during which time it is closer to the sun than Neptune. Nevertheless, Neptune remains the farthest planet from the sun, since Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. [PAR] Composition & structure [PAR] Atmospheric composition (by volume): hydrogen, 80 percent; helium,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kielce, Kielce Poland - Maps of World Kielce, Kielce Poland [PAR] Online Quiz [PAR] Kielce [PAR] Kielce is one of the most important cities of Poland. The Kielce city is located at the center of the country of Poland. It is the capital of the Province of Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship in Poland. [PAR] The mountains and the river bank in the city of Kielce attract tourists from all over the world. The city holds a very important geographical position in Poland that makes it the point of trade and commerce in the country. The city is also famous for the mining of limestone in the region. The major river that flows through the Kielce city is Silnica that provides the major waterway to the city. [PAR] The forests of the hilly regions of the Kielce city had been an important part of the city which was the most densely populated areas of the region. The forests in the area provided wood to thevillagers which was the source of their income. The Kielce region is one of the important industrial regions of the country. The region of Kielce is rich with the minerals found in the place like copper, iron and lead. Limestone is also found in abundance in the region. The Kielce city played a very important role in the revolt against Russia. [PAR] The Kielce city offers many important destinations to the tourists to Poland. The region has numerous historical and traditional monuments that document the history of the place. The churches and the museums of the place throw light on the cultural background of the city. The hills and the river in the city provide lots of activities to the tourists who visit the city of Kielce. [PAR] The city of Kielce has a well developed transportation system that includes the chain of railways and roadways connecting every part of the city to each other.[DOC] [TLE] Distance Between Poland Cities Distance Between Poland Cities [PAR] List of Countries [PAR] Distance Between Poland Cities [PAR] Distance from Poland to major cities are listed below, or choose from the list to calculate distance. 17 major city distances are calculated in Poland country. The GPS coordinates of Poland is 51\u00b0 55\u00b4 9.9732'' N and 19\u00b0 8\u00b4 42.4896'' E. Some of the leading cities of Poland are Warsaw , Lodz , Krakow . [PAR] Calculate Distance Between Cities"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brendan Gleeson - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Brendan Gleeson | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Brendan Gleeson (born 29 March , 1955 ) is an Irish actor. He plays the part of Alastor \"Mad-Eye\" Moody in the Harry Potter films . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Personal life [PAR] Gleeson was born in Dublin, Ireland. Graduating from University College Dublin, he worked for several years as a secondary school teacher in Belcamp College, in North County Dublin. Gleeson resides in Malahide, Co. Dublin. He and his wife, Mary, have been married since 1982 and have four sons, Domhnall (who appears in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows as Bill Weasley ), Fergus, Brian and Ruari. Brendan is also a very talented fiddle player. He is good friends with fellow Irish actors Liam Neeson, Stephen Rea and Cillian Murphy. [PAR] Career [PAR] Gleeson started acting at age 34 and has acted in more than 30 films including Braveheart, I Went Down, Michael Collins, Gangs of New York, Cold Mountain, 28 Days Later, Troy, Kingdom of Heaven, and The Village. He frequently appears in the role of mentor or authority figure; he played Hogwarts professor Mad-Eye Moody in the fourth and fifth Harry Potter films, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Gleeson won critical acclaim for playing Irish gangster Martin Cahill in John Boorman's The General in 1998. [PAR] He starred in the short film Six-Shooter in 2006, which won an Academy Award for best Live Action Short. In 2008, he starred in the Oscar-nominated film In Bruges with fellow Harry Potter actors Ralph Fiennes , Ciaran Hinds and Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy . [PAR] In 2009, Gleeson won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of Sir Winston Churchill in Into the Storm. [PAR] Filmography [PAR] Into the Storm (2009) - Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] In Bruges (2008) [PAR] The Tiger's Tail (2006) [PAR] Black Irish (2006) - Desmond [PAR] Kingdom of Heaven (2005) - Raynald of Chatillon [PAR] The Village (2004) - August Nicholson [PAR] Troy (2004) - Menelaus [PAR] Cold Mountain (2003) - Stobrod Thewes [PAR] Dark Blue (2002) - Jack Van Meter [PAR] Gangs of New York (2002) - Walter 'Monk' McGinn [PAR] 28 Days Later (2002) - Frank [PAR] C\u00e1ca Milis (2001) - The blind man [PAR] Artificial Intelligence: AI (2001) - Lord Johnson-Johnson [PAR] The Tailor of Panama (2001) - Michelangelo 'Mickie' Abraxas [PAR] Mission Impossible II (2000) - John C. McCloy [PAR] Harrison's Flowers (2000) - Marc Stevenson [PAR] Lake Placid (1999) - Sheriff Hank Keough [PAR] This Is My Father (1998) - Garda Jim [PAR] The General (1998) - Martin Cahill [PAR] I Went Down (1997) - Bunny Kelly [PAR] Michael Collins (1996) - Liam Tobin [PAR] Braveheart (1995) - Hamish Campbell [PAR] Into the West (1992) - Inspector Bolger [PAR] Far and Away (1992) - Social Club Policeman [PAR] The Field (1990) - Quarryman"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Newsroom | Welsh Rugby Union | Official Website : Neath ... Neath braced for season kick-off : Newsroom | Welsh Rugby Union | Official Website [PAR] Neath braced for season kick-off [PAR] 7 July 2010 23:59 [PAR] By [PAR] Neath celebrate winning last year's Principality Premiership title. [PAR] Principality Premiership champions Neath kick-off the defence of their title with a home clash against Glamorgan Wanderers at The Gnoll on Saturday, 28 August. [PAR] Pat Horgan's side were comfortable winers 48-17 in the corresponding fixture last season, running in eight tries, but know not to take the Wanderers lightly having been beaten 33-24 at the Memorial Ground. [PAR] While outside half Arwel Thomas has finally hung up his boots, and former Wales full back Kevin Morgan has taken up a full-time role as Ospreys conditioning coach, Nathan Bonner-Evans has joined the club from London Welsh. Former Wales Under 21 full back and Wales Sevens squad member Aaron Bramwell has been recruited from Pontypridd along with young Ospreys prop Ross Davies, Aberavon's Chris Morgan and former Glamorgan Wanderers outside half James Thomas has joined from Coventry. [PAR] Premiership newcomers Tonmawr, who won the Swalec Division 1 West title last season, will launch their debut season in the top flight with an attractive home fixture with Aberavon. [PAR] So dominant were the side coached by Jason Hyatt last season that Tonmawr won their division by a clear margin of 29 points and suffered only two defeats. Among the new recruits are former Neath duo Kevin James and Wayner Mitchell, utility-back Kiba Richards from National League Division 2 South club Ealing and four ex-Ebbw Vale players, utility-back Andrew Williams, flanker Andy Llewellyn, lock Jonathan Griffiths and prop Matt Jeffries and Ystrad Rhondda flanker Howard Stoddart, brother of Scarlets full back Morgan. [PAR] Veteran lock Matthew Veater, who has won the Premiership crown with both Newport and Cardiff, has joined Pontypool and the Torfaen club will be hoping to build on their end of season form earlier in the year when they staved off the threat of relegation. [PAR] They open their season with a home clash with Bedwas, a game in which new back row recruit Luke Dyckoff could face his former team mates. Pontypool have lost goalkicker Sam Mills to relegated Ebbw Vale, while Bedwas have lost this season's Wales Under 20 captain Dan Watchurst to Newport and gained former Wales Under 20 prop Scott Roberts from Coventry. [PAR] A storming second half of the season left Llandovery comfortably placed in eighth place and earned them a crack at the Play-Offs where they gained a British and Irish Cup place. They will be looking to continue that form when they host Swansea on opening day. [PAR] The All Whites did the double over the Drovers last term, so it will take a mighty effort for the Church Bank side to open with a victory. Lyndon Lewis will be head coach and Euros Evans has come in as forwards coach. [PAR] Newport start with an attractive game against Llanelli at Rodney Parade and, with both last season's meetings being closely contested affairs, another tight game is anticipated. Amongst the Black and Ambers' new faces are Gareth Chapman from Cardiff and Watchurst from Bedwas. [PAR] Scarlets academy members George North, Rhodri Jones and Kirby Myhill will be turning out for Llanelli this season, along with new recruits Owen Williams (Ystradgynlais), Liam Williams (Waunarlwydd) and former England Under 20 back row Matt Gilbert who joins from Italian outfit Rugby Alghero. [PAR] Cross Keys will head to Sardis Road to face a Pontypridd side that"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Detail view of Movies Page - American Film Institute Detail view of Movies Page [PAR] [PAR] Summary: [PAR] At the Sarah Siddons Society's annual banquet, imperious theater critic Addison DeWitt, playwright Lloyd Richards and his wife Karen, producer Max Fabian and legendary actress Margo Channing watch as Eve Harrington is presented with the theater's most prestigious award. Karen recalls when Eve first entered their lives: On a rainy October night, Karen arrives at the theater where Margo is starring in Lloyd's play, and is approached by Eve, who has been to every performance. Touched by the young woman's devotion to Margo, Karen brings her backstage. In Margo's dressing room, Eve describes her childhood in the Midwest and her marriage to Eddie, an Air Force radio technician who was killed in the war. Eve explains that her life changed when she happened to see Margo in a play in San Francisco, and when the production moved to New York, Eve followed. Director Bill Sampson, Margo's younger boyfriend, comes to say goodbye before leaving for Hollywood to direct a film. Eve accompanies Margo and Bill to the airport, and so endears herself to them that Margo moves Eve into her guestroom. Eve quickly makes herself indispensable as Margo's assistant, to the displeasure of Margo's maid, retired vaudevillian Birdie Coonan. Their relationship becomes strained, however, when Eve arranges a homecoming birthday party for Bill without telling Margo. The night of the party, Margo and Bill quarrel about Eve, and he chides Margo for her jealousy and insecurity about her age. The tension between them escalates as the guests begin to arrive, and Margo gets drunk and grows maudlin. Max takes Margo aside and says he has foolishly agreed to audition Addison's date, the breath-taking Miss Casswell, and Margo promises to read with her. She then asks Max to give Eve a job in his office. Meanwhile, Eve tells Karen that she would like to replace Margo's pregnant understudy, and Karen promises to speak to Max. On the day of Miss Casswell's audition, Margo shows up late and encounters Addison in the lobby of the theater. Addison tells her that Miss Casswell already read with Margo's new understudy, Eve, adding that Eve performed brilliantly. Margo argues bitterly with Lloyd and accuses Bill of rehearsing Eve on the sly. When they are alone, Bill asks Margo to marry him, as he has many times before, and when she says no, he walks out. Lloyd goes home and raves to Karen about Eve's performance, and comments that he longs to see Margo put in her place. Recalling that they are scheduled to spend the weekend in the country with Margo, Karen comes up with an idea to teach Margo a lesson, and places a call to Eve. At the end of a tense weekend, Lloyd and Karen are driving Margo to the train station when the car suddenly runs out of gas. While Lloyd sets off to find help, Margo apologizes to Karen for her recent bad behavior and Karen looks guilt-stricken. Eve goes on in Margo's role that night, with Addison and several other critics in attendance, all of them invited that afternoon. After the show, Addison goes backstage and overhears Eve making a play for Bill in her dressing room. When Bill rejects her, Addison comes in and offers to help promote her career. The next day, Addison's column sings Eve's praises and makes snide remarks about \"mature\" actresses playing youthful roles. Bill returns to Margo's side to comfort her. Later, Lloyd tells Karen that he would like to put his next"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Bubl\u00e9: Crazy Love - Music on Google Play Michael Bubl\u00e9: Crazy Love - Music on Google Play [PAR] 1 18 [PAR] Iwan Davies [PAR] Brilliant Music....wrong generation Michael Buble is the king of this sort of music. It is a shame that more young people don't appreciate good music. Fantastic album :-) [PAR] Caitlin Matthews [PAR] Best Buble' album I'm a huge MJ fan and he's one of my favourite singers along with,Michael Jackson although he suddenly,died somehow at the age of about 40,but nobody knows how,he died. Although olive this album! (*_*) :) [PAR] Laura Fraley [PAR] Best Buble' album! I am a huge MB fan and have all of his albums and this one is definitely my favorite one! Excellent mix of songs! This is one I can just leave on and let it play...love this album! :) [PAR] Jae Minter [PAR] LOVE ME SOME HIM! His voice is heart wrenching... [PAR] ian palmer [PAR] Good album but pants You dont actually get the album you just get permission to stream it to your phone that's if you have Internet connection not such a great deal after all. Why cant you download the album? [PAR] Deveyon Douglas [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Caitlin Matthews February 10, 2014 [PAR] Best Buble' album I'm a huge MJ fan and he's one of my favourite singers along with,Michael Jackson although he suddenly,died somehow at the age of about 40,but nobody knows how,he died. Although olive this album! (*_*) :) [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Laura Fraley December 25, 2013 [PAR] Best Buble' album! I am a huge MB fan and have all of his albums and this one is definitely my favorite one! Excellent mix of songs! This is one I can just leave on and let it play...love this album! :) [PAR] Jae Minter March 30, 2014 [PAR] LOVE ME SOME HIM! His voice is heart wrenching... [PAR] Full Review [PAR] ian palmer January 11, 2014 [PAR] Good album but pants You dont actually get the album you just get permission to stream it to your phone that's if you have Internet connection not such a great deal after all. Why cant you download the album? [PAR] Deveyon Douglas April 25, 2013 [PAR] No one better There is no one better than him <3 [PAR] A Google User November 18, 2012 [PAR] Have you ever... Heard a bad album, yet alone a bad song from Michael Buble'? [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Rachel Warren May 26, 2015 [PAR] He's insanely talented. He's got the voice, lyrics are always amazing and he's super handsome lol his songs alwaysmakes me blush Yeah :) [PAR] Daniela Jimenez April 23, 2013 [PAR] Truly excellent musician. Nobody else like Mr. Bubl\u00e9 [PAR] Blair Black January 5, 2014 [PAR] Really love his voice. Could listen too him all day. Great music [PAR] Maryann Stump-Perry April 24, 2014 [PAR] So beautiful tearful moment. Oh so many [PAR] randi Styles Irwin April 26, 2013 [PAR] Amazing I love cry me a river! [PAR] Cody Holbert April 25, 2013 [PAR] Take this album And cram it [PAR] Emmalouise Baker October 18, 2013 [PAR] :O wow! Awsome! .......speechless......:-* [PAR] Alicia Selvera April 13, 2013 [PAR] His work Modern jazz artists, just great [PAR] Precy May Cabato April 30, 2013 [PAR] Love love love Amazing album you won't regret it [PAR] Tamara A October 7, 2015 [PAR] Close your eyes Fab [PAR] the gameplayer October 19, 2014 [PAR] Cry me a river EPIC [PAR] Aimee Jamison December 10, 2012 [PAR] Sizzling Hot! Someone call the firetruck!!!! [PAR] Candacestarr Banks April 7,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games | Winter Summer Past and Future Olympics Olympic Games | Winter Summer Past and Future Olympics [PAR] Identity Card arrow [PAR] Getty [PAR] In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organised a sports competition involving World War II veterans with a spinal cord-related injury in Stoke Mandeville, England. Four years later, competitors from Holland joined the Games, and the international movement, now known as the Paralympic Movement, was born. [PAR] Olympic-style games for athletes with a disability were organised for the first time in Rome in 1960. In Toronto in 1976, other disability groups were added and the idea of merging together different disability groups for international sports competitions was born. In the same year, the first Paralympic Winter Games took place in Sweden. [PAR] The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the 1988 Seoul Summer Games and the 1992 Albertville Winter Games, they have also taken place at the same venues as the Olympic Games. [PAR] On 19 June 2001, an agreement was signed between the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee aimed at protecting the organisation of the Paralympic Games and securing the practice of \"one bid, one city\", meaning that the staging of the Paralympics is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games. The agreement addresses the general scope and organisation of the Paralympic Games, with the aim of creating similar principles for the organisation of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. This agreement came into effect with the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games, followed by the Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games. [PAR] Since the Salt Lake 2002 Games, one organising committee has been responsible for hosting both the Olympic and the Paralympic Games. Athletes from both Games live in the same village and enjoy the same catering services, medical care and facilities. Ticketing, technology and transport systems for the Olympic Games are seamlessly extended to the Paralympics. [PAR] Immediately following the end of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City, important transformations took place to prepare for the 2002 Winter Paralympics, held from 7 to 16 March 2002. Four hundred and sixteen athletes from 36 nations competed in Alpine and Nordic skiing and ice sledge hockey at the Salt Lake City Paralympics. [PAR] The last Paralympic Summer Games were held in Beijing, China, from 6 to 17 September 2008. A total of 3,951 athletes from 146 countries competed in 20 sports in the state-of-the-art venues at the 2008 Paralympics. [PAR] The Canadian city of Vancouver hosted the Paralympic Winter Games from 12 to 21 March 2010. A total of 502 athletes from 44 countries took part in the following five sports: Alpine Skiing, Ice Sledge Hockey, Cross-Country Skiing, Biathlon and Wheelchair Curling. [PAR] The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is the global governing body of the Paralympic Movement. [PAR] The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is the global governing body of the Paralympic Movement. The IPC organises the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games, and serves as the International Federation for nine sports, for which it supervises and coordinates the World Championships and other competitions. [PAR] The IPC is committed to enabling Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and to developing sport opportunities for persons with a disability from beginner to elite level. In addition, the IPC aims to promote the Paralympic values, which include courage, determination, inspiration and equality. Founded on 22 September 1989, the IPC is an international non-profit organisation formed and run by 162 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) from five regions and four disability-specific international sports federations (IOSDs). The IPC headquarters"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ensign Flags | Pennants, Sail Flags and Red and Blue Ensigns Ensign Flags | Pennants, Sail Flags and Red and Blue Ensigns [PAR] Any Nationality Ensign [PAR] Any Nationality Ensign - [PAR] We can provide ensign flags and pennants for all your national, naval and military needs. We've been printing and sewing flags for over 30 yers and can make flags to your exact specifications. We can manufacture both traditional and bespoke designs in a range of durable flag materials and can deliver the highest quality sewn and appliqued flags . [PAR] Red Ensign [PAR] The Red Ensign (red field with the Union Flag in the canton*) undefaced is for the use of all other British merchant navy ships and private craft. The Red Ensign is the correct flag to be worn as courtesy flag by foreign private vessels in United Kingdom waters. Merchant vessels from British overseas territories and Crown dependencies are entitled to Red Ensigns defaced with the badge of their Territory. [PAR] Blue Ensign [PAR] The Blue Ensign (dark blue field with the Union Flag in the canton) undefaced is worn by masters of vessels in possession of a warrant issued by the Director of Naval Reserves, and by the members of certain yacht clubs. Such warrants are issued to officers in the active or retired lists of the Royal Naval Reserve and the maritime reserve forces of other Commonwealth Realms and Territories. The master must be of the rank of lieutenant RN or above, and fishing vessels must be crewed by at least four other Royal Naval reservists or pensioners. [PAR] White Ensign [PAR] The White Ensign. Since the reorganisation of the Royal Navy in 1864, use of the White Ensign (a red St George's Cross on a white field with the Union Flag in the canton) has been restricted to ships, boats, submarines and on-shore establishments of the Royal Navy. The Royal Yacht Squadron also fly the white ensign by special dispensation. Many defaced ensigns with various badges and emblems have arisen over the years [PAR] * The canton is any quarter of a flag but most commonly means the upper left hand quarter. [PAR] Product Related Downloads"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Twittering Machine by Paul Klee (1922), MoMa collection ... Posts, Art and Degenerate art on Pinterest [PAR] Twittering Machine by Paul Klee (1922), MoMa collection, declared \"degenerate art\" by nazis. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Siren - Supernatural Wiki - Wikia Siren | Supernatural Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Siren's True Form seen through a mirror. [PAR] A Siren's true form is that of an ugly, hairless, vaguely-humanoid monstrosity with gaunt, inhuman facial features. Like many creatures in the Supernatural Universe, they are able to take on multiple forms to deceive their prey\u2014 humans \u2014usually transforming into a person that matches their victims' desire, such as a lover, friend or anything else that person may long for. In ancient times, they lived on islands and forced sailors to chase them, driving their ships onto the rocks. [PAR] By using a sort of venom gland in their mouths, they can infect people with large doses of the hormone oxytocin (a hormone that is produced during childbirth, lactation, and sex; sometimes called the \"love hormone\") or at the very least, one similar to it. Victims with this much of the hormone in their systems experience an intense sense of euphoria and love for the creature that extends beyond just the physical and/or sexual realms. They truly love the creature to their cores and need and desire whatever the creature says it does for itself, and as acts of love and devotion, the ensnared are willing to carry out drastic, most usually violent and deadly requests simply for the asking. These terrible acts are usually perpetrated against those the victim loved before being infected\u2014proving just how much they love the siren. Once these acts of violence are enacted (or even just as they've begun), the siren \"gets bored\" and immediately vanishes, leaving their victims emotionally broken to deal with the consequences of their own actions. [PAR] Unlike many monsters, Sirens do not technically feed on humans. Instead, they feel an intense rush of pleasure when their victims carry out atrocities against other loved ones. Like the people they infect, the intense feelings of euphoria do not last long and they quickly grow bored with their targets and venture off to find others. [PAR] Known Abilities [PAR] Edit [PAR] Telepathy - Sirens can read the minds of their targets, learning what it is that person desires and yearns for in others and then giving that to them through illusion. This includes not just physical characteristics, but also mental ones. The siren who wooed Dean was able to offer Dean a person with similar interests in cars, women, life views and provide the illusion of someone he could trust (the last being an issue he was having with Sam at this point in the series), most likely by picking the details needed directly from his brain. [PAR] Shapeshifting - Sirens can alter the perceptions into anyone befitting their target, so they can get close to their victims and infect them with their essence. Because a Siren's true visage can be seen in a mirror, it's possible that this is not genuine shape-shifting, but rather just a form of affecting the perceptions of the humans around them. [PAR] Venom Compulsion - Once infected, the target becomes completely and utterly enthralled with the Siren and is willing to do anything to prove their love and devotion. The compulsion is so powerful that they do these things regardless of personal beliefs, desires, morals or of the consequences resulting from said acts. Not even Sam and Dean could keep themselves from killing one another, and they were both fully aware of the Siren's nature and that they were infected. [PAR] Weaknesses [PAR] Edit [PAR] A siren depicted in a book. [PAR] In Greek mythology, the Sirens (Greek singular:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tennis Court Dimensions & Measurements Tennis Court Dimensions & Measurements [PAR] Bowling [PAR] Tennis Court Dimensions & Measurements [PAR] Tennis court dimensions are universal is size. Below is a diagram showing tennis court measurements and dimensions. You can also view our Quick Facts About Tennis Court Measurements . [PAR] Tennis Court Details [PAR] Quick Facts About Tennis Court Measurements [PAR] Q: What is the length and width of a tennis court? [PAR] A: The width of a tennis court is 78 feet, or 39 feet on each side of the net. The width is 36 feet for doubles and 27 feet for singles. [PAR] Q: How tall should the net be? [PAR] A: It should be on the ground and three feet tall at the center. [PAR] Q: How far should tennis courts be apart from each other? [PAR] A: A minimum of 12 feet. [PAR] Q: How much space should their be between the court and the fence (backstop)? [PAR] A: 21 feet is the minimum recommendation. [PAR] Q: How far is the pole from the sideline? [PAR] A: Three feet. [PAR] Q: How wide should the lines be? [PAR] A: Two inches. [PAR] The History of Tennis: Yesterday & Today [PAR] Tennis is a sport played by people of all ages, on all levels of society. Basically, anyone who can hold a racquet, even those in wheelchairs, can play the game of tennis. It is played by millions of people recreationally, and it is a popular spectator sport as well. [PAR] The earliest origins of tennis can be traced back to 12th century France, where a game was played that involved striking a ball with the palm of the hand. It was not until the 16th century that racquets began being used and the game began to be called \"tennis,\" from the Old French term tenez, which can be translated as \"hold,\" \"receive,\" or \"take.\" Tennis then was played largely indoors, and it was actually the invention of the lawn mower in 1830 which helped eventually move the sport outside. [PAR] Between 1859 and 1865, Harry Gem and his friend, Augurio Perera, developed a game which combined elements of racquets and the Basque ball game pelota, which they played on Perera's croquet lawn in Birmingham, England, United Kingdom. Along with two local doctors, they founded the world's first tennis club in Leamington Spa in 1872. Much of the credit for modern tennis, however, goes to Walter Clopton Wingfield, who patented a similar game in 1873 called sphairistik\u00e8. He even produced a boxed set with a net, poles, racquets, and balls for playing the game. U.S. socialite Mary Ewing Outerbridge purchased one of the sets and eventually helped bring the first American National championship to Staten Island, New York, in September 1880. [PAR] The four major championships in tennis today are referred to as the \"Grand Slam.\" The Grand Slam consists of the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbeldon, and the U.S. Open. Apart from the Olympic Games, the Davis Cup, the Fed Cup, and the Hopman Cup, they are the only tournaments regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). Grand Slam tournaments are the only tour events which feature mixed-doubles play. They also carry larger prize funds, are worth double the number of ranking points to the champion, and feature more singles players than other tournaments. [PAR] Tennis is played in every country around the world, making it the most universal sport in the world. This universality and accessibility ranks tennis among the top five most popular sports around the globe. [PAR] Terms of Service &"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NMAH | National Anthem NMAH | National Anthem [PAR] National Anthem [PAR] Sing The National Anthem [PAR] During the 19th century, \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d became one of the nation\u2019s best-loved patriotic songs. It gained special significance during the Civil War, a time when many Americans turned to music to express their feelings for the flag and the ideals and values it represented. By the 1890s, the military had adopted the song for ceremonial purposes, requiring it to be played at the raising and lowering of the colors. Despite its widespread popularity, \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d did not become the National Anthem until 1931. [PAR] Collect Stars To Complete The Flag [PAR] Found 00 of 15 [PAR] When did \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d officially become the United States\u2019s national anthem? [PAR] 1931 [PAR] How to Use This Resource in Your Classroom [PAR] Armed Forces Instrumental Arrangement [PAR] During World War I the War department established a standard arrangement to be used by U.S. military bands. Although this arrangement is often used in nonmilitary performances, there is no single official version of the anthem designated for civilian use. Courtesy Maryland Historical Society. [PAR] Soprano Francis Alda, 1917 [PAR] By the early 1900s the Star-Spangled Banner was a fixture at public ceremonies and celebrations. Courtesy of Library of Congress. [PAR] A Military Anthem [PAR] The first official step toward making \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d the national anthem was taken in 1889 when the Secretary of the Navy ordered it played at morning flag-raising ceremonies. By 1917 both the Army and the Navy considered the tune to be the national anthem for ceremonial purposes. [PAR] The Official National Anthem [PAR] In 1931, due largely to the efforts of Mrs. Reuben Ross Holloway, president of the Maryland State Society, United States Daughters of 1812, and Congressman J. Charles Linthicum of Baltimore, Congress made \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d the official national anthem of the United States."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1979: Dennis Lillee walks out to bat with an aluminium bat ... 1979: Dennis Lillee walks out to bat with an aluminium bat! - Cricket Country [PAR] 1979: Dennis Lillee walks out to bat with an aluminium bat! [PAR] Of Dennis Lillee and his ComBat! [PAR] By Arunabha Sengupta [PAR] | Updated : December 7, 2015 8:39 PM IST [PAR] Umpires talk to Dennis Lillee about his illegal aluminium bat during the first Test against England at Perth, December 1979 \u00a9 Getty Images [PAR] Dennis Lillee was not much of a batsman, but that did not stop him from making unique headlines with his bat \u2013 although not with his willow. Arunabha Sengupta recalls December 15, 1979, when the legendary fast bowler made his way to the crease with an aluminium bat. [PAR] The brand was aptly named ComBat. Apart from the infamous fisticuff with Javed Miandad, this was the closest Dennis Lillee ever came to getting involved in actual combat on the cricket ground. Rodney Hogg, the Australian twelfth man feared for his head, and Greg Chappell \u2014 the captain of the team \u2014 almost lost his head to the flying aluminium bat. [PAR] Inspired by the way metal had replaced wood in baseball bats, the aluminium bat was the brainchild of Graham Monaghan . A former club cricketer who was also a close friend of Lillee, Monaghan\u2019s target market for this inexpensive variety of cricket bat was the far less serious field of recreational cricket, schools and developing countries. [PAR] But, in December 1979, Dennis Lillee decided to walk out with this unorthodox piece of equipment bang in the middle of a Test against England at Perth. [PAR] In fact, Lillee was Monoghan\u2019s business partner. Later he admitted in his autobiography, Menace, that the gimmick was purely a marketing exercise. [PAR] ComBat on national television [PAR] Lillee had already used the bat in a Test match, 12 days earlier against the West Indies at Brisbane. The one time he had hit the ball had produced a resounding clunk. The aluminium had failed to connect with leather any further as Joel Garner had trapped him leg-before. The West Indians had not really been too bothered. [PAR] Now, after the first day\u2019s play of the Ashes series, Australia had ended at 232 for 8. Lillee was batting on 11. [PAR] When Greg Chappell saw Lillee brandishing the metal bat in the nets the following morning, he was not too concerned. The idea was to annoy the Englishmen by batting as long as possible, and if Lillee wanted the bat to be displayed on national television, the captain could cut his premier fast bowler some slack. The clunk-clunk of the bat sounder horrid in the nets, but it could be tolerated for an over. [PAR] When play got under way, Chappell turned to twelfth man Hogg and said, \u201cMate, get Dennis\u2019s willow bat and at the end of the over go out and bring the aluminium bat back.\u201d [PAR] Hogg was apprehensive. After the over, he had gone into the field and come back with the willow still in his hand. Lillee was still wielding the aluminium version. Chappell asked Hogg what the problem was. [PAR] \u201cAll I could see was me getting hit over the head with an aluminium bat in front of millions of people on television,\u201d Hogg responded. [PAR] But, when Lillee straight drove Ian Botham and the ball trickled back to the bowler, Chappell put his foot down. In his opinion, the stroke had been good enough to go for four and this stunt was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HP-35 HP-35 [PAR] The Museum of HP Calculators [PAR] HP-35 [PAR] The HP-35 was HP's first pocket calculator. It was introduced at a time when most calculators (including expensive desktop models) had only the four basic functions. The HP-35 was the first pocket calculator with transcendental functions and the first with RPN . [PAR] Based on marketing studies done at the time, the HP-9100 was the \"right\" size and price for a scientific calculator. The studies showed little or no interest in a pocket device. However Bill Hewlett thought differently. He began the development of a \"shirt pocket-sized HP-9100\" on an accelerated schedule. It was a risky project involving several immature technologies. HP originally developed the HP-35 for internal use and then decided to try selling it. Based on a marketing study, it was believed that they might sell 50,000 units. It turned out that the marketing study was wrong by an order of magnitude. Within the first few months they received orders exceeding their guess as to the total market size. General Electric alone placed an order for 20,000 units. As a result, they later had to warn people to expect waiting lists in the Hewlett-Packard Journal. This was an unusual situation for HP. While many companies advertised calculators months or even years before you could buy one, HPs were normally available the day the first advertisements appeared. [PAR] The early versions said only \"Hewlett Packard\" on the faceplate and inside HP the product was simply called \"The Calculator\". Bill Hewlett suggested naming it the HP-35 because it had 35 keys. Later as HP developed more models, \"35\" was added to the faceplate. The HP-35 and probably the entire HP pocket calculator product line was the sole result of a visionary CEO who chose to ignore the market studies and produce what he felt that engineers would want. His view of the market was that if the engineer at the next bench liked it and thought it would make his job easier, then it was worth doing. The HP-35 was developed in two years, at a cost of approximately one million dollars with twenty engineers. At the time, three to five years was a typical HP development cycle. [PAR] x^y [PAR] The 35 is well-known for having an x^y key instead of y^x. This makes a lot of sense on the 35 since it didn't have a 10^x key. If you wanted the anti-log of a number in x, you entered 10 x^y. [PAR] The \"arc\" key [PAR] The 35 had no true shift key. It did have an \"arc\" key which inverted the sin, cos, and tan keys. The true shift key was first introduced on the HP-80 business calculator. [PAR] The CLR key [PAR] This was probably the only HP pocket calculator with a clear everything key. It was prominently located in the upper right corner and probably made adding machine users feel comfortable. This feature was dropped from the HP-45. [PAR] The CHS Key [PAR] The HP-35 allowed the user to press the CHS sign before or during number entry. If a number was in the display as a result of something other than digit entry, pressing CHS negated it, but if the CHS key was then followed by a digit, the calculator assumed the CHS was actually meant for the following entry. Thus the previous number displayed was pushed onto the stack without the (already displayed) sign change. This feature could be confusing and later models required the CHS key to be pressed after the first digit of a number. [PAR] The Manual"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Leicester Dedlock: My favourite Charles Dickens character Sir Leicester Dedlock: My favourite Charles Dickens character - Telegraph [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] Sir Leicester Dedlock: My favourite Charles Dickens character [PAR] Sir Leicester Dedlock - from Bleak House - is a fuddy-duddy hereditary knight but Charles Dickens's makes you respect him. He is the nineteenth in the Telegraph pick of the best Charles Dickens characters. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 3 [PAR] Sir Leicester Dedlock, from Charles Dickens's Bleak House, in this illustration by Phiz (Hablot Knight Browne). Photo: Lebrecht Music and Arts Photo Library / Alamy [PAR] [PAR] Bleak House by Charles Dickens. [PAR] [PAR] By Andrew Baker , Deputy Editor, Weekend [PAR] 7:00AM GMT 18 Feb 2012 [PAR] My Favourite Charles Dickens character: Sir Leicester Dedlock from Bleak House (1854) [PAR] Why, with all the teeming vibrant life summoned into being by Dickens, pick on a fuddy-duddy hereditary knight? Because in his hidebound, warped and ultimately confounded way, he is a champion of love. [PAR] Sir Leicester Dedlock, Baronet, of Chesney Wold in the perpetually rainy county of Lincolnshire, has the credentials for a clumping aristocratic stereotype. But his reactions to the marital predicament into which he is plunged mark him out as a fully functioning human character, all the more affecting for the contrast between his attitudes as they are revealed and as they might have been supposed to be. [PAR] Sir Leicester is a wealthy aristocrat, a substantial figure in his downpour-drenched county, proud of his heritage and his haunted home, polite in his dealings with his equals and magnificent in his condecension to others. He has a wife, Honoria, 20 years his junior, to whom he is devoted - but the depth of his devotion only becomes clear when it is revealed that before the marriage she gave birth to an illegitimate daughter, Esther, the novel\u2019s leading female protagonist. [PAR] A lesser author, content with a simpler tale, would have him ostracise the erring wife or pursue vengeance on her offspring. But Sir Leicester forgives, and demonstrates true and unconditional love for his unfortunate spouse. Too late, in a poignant and thoroughly modern, rather than melodramatic manner: he is not a hero, but a noble man doomed never to achieve happiness. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] Sir Leicester Dedlock in Bleak House - Shmoop Sir Leicester Dedlock in Bleak House [PAR] NEXT [PAR] Character Analysis [PAR] A rich and powerful Baronet, Sir Dedlock is at the top of the London social and economic world. He is a conservative, fearing change and new ways of doing things \u2013 basically a dying breed. [PAR] You think you know a guy, right? Take Sir Dedlock. From the beginning he seems to be a pretty clear-cut figure: old, rich, elitist, aristocratic. He likes things the way they are \u2013 or, better yet, the way they were when he was a younger man. With his trophy wife on his arm (Lady Dedlock is twenty years younger), he engages in obnoxious and meaningless disputes over land with his neighbor, treats servants with condescension, and expects the world to accommodate all his desires. [PAR] And yet all that gets turned on its ear when we discover that he is really, truly, deeply, madly in love with his wife, and always has been. Not only that, but even when he learns that she has an illegitimate daughter and has been engaged before (a super big deal at the time), Sir Dedlock has nothing but love, pity, and sympathy for the suffering she must have gone through. That's some pretty enlightened thinking right"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sidney Poitier wins Best Actor Oscar for Lilies of the ... Sidney Poitier wins Best Actor Oscar for Lilies of the Field - Apr 13, 1964 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Sidney Poitier wins Best Actor Oscar for Lilies of the Field [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Sidney Poitier wins Best Actor Oscar for Lilies of the Field [PAR] Author [PAR] Sidney Poitier wins Best Actor Oscar for Lilies of the Field [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1964, Sydney Poitier becomes the first African American to win the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his role as a construction worker who helps build a chapel in Lilies of the Field (1963). [PAR] Poitier was born in 1924, while his parents were visiting the United States from the Bahamas, where his father was a tomato farmer. As a teenager, Poitier dropped out of school and returned to America to enlist in the U.S. Army during World War II. After his military stint, he became interested in theater and applied to the American Negro Theatre in New York City. Rejected initially because of his strong island accent, Poitier trained himself in American enunciation and reapplied, this time successfully. He debuted on Broadway in 1946 in an all-black production of Lysistrata, and by 1950 he was appearing in Hollywood films, beginning with No Way Out. [PAR] By consistently refusing to play the stereotypical roles that were offered to him as a black actor, Poitier blazed a trail for himself and the performers who followed him. By the time he earned a Best Actor Oscar nomination for The Defiant Ones (1958), his work in such films as The Blackboard Jungle (1955) had made him America\u2019s first prominent black film star. With his historic Oscar win for Lilies of the Field, Poitier became only the second African American to win an Academy Award. The first was Hattie McDaniel, who won in the Best Supporting Actress category in 1939 for Gone with the Wind. McDaniel played Mammy, the tough but indulgent slave governess to the spoiled Southern belle Scarlett O\u2019Hara. Critics of the film, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), later pointed to the role as an example of the typical black stereotypes that Hollywood was keeping alive. [PAR] When presenting Poitier with his Oscar statuette, the actress Ann Bancroft congratulated him with a kiss on the cheek, a gesture that caused a mild scandal among the show\u2019s most conservative audiences. Poitier took part in a more momentous kiss three years later, when he and Katherine Houghton shared the first interracial on-screen kiss in Guess Who\u2019s Coming to Dinner? (1967). [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Today in 1964, Sidney Poitier Made Oscar History. A Look ... Today in 1964, Sidney Poitier Made Oscar History. A Look at Black Actors and the Best Actor Academy Award | IndieWire [PAR] Advertise with Indiewire [PAR] Today in 1964, Sidney Poitier Made Oscar History. A Look at Black Actors and the Best Actor Academy Award [PAR] Today in 1964, Sidney Poitier Made Oscar History. A Look at Black Actors and the Best Actor Academy Award [PAR] Apr 13, 2016 10:25 am [PAR] Share This Article [PAR] Talk [PAR] Today in history, April 13th, 1964\u2026 Sidney Poitier became the first black performer in a leading role to win an Oscar for his role in \"Lilies Of The Field.\" [PAR] He also holds the record for the youngest black actor (male) to win the Best Actor Oscar, at age 37. [PAR] This would be Poitier\u2019s second nomination for the award; the first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Room with a View (1985) - IMDb A Room with a View (1985) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 2:03 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A Room with a View ( 1985 ) [PAR] Unrated | [PAR] When Lucy Honeychurch and chaperone Charlotte Bartlett find themselves in Florence with rooms without views, fellow guests Mr Emerson and son George step in to remedy the situation. Meeting... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 13 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 20 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 29 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 22 Jul 2014 [PAR] Title: A Room with a View (1985) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 21 wins & 23 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A businessman thwarts his wife's bequest of an estate to another woman. [PAR] Director: James Ivory [PAR] A butler who sacrificed body and soul to service in the years leading up to World War II realizes too late how misguided his loyalty was to his lordly employer. [PAR] Director: James Ivory [PAR] After his lover rejects him, a young man trapped by the oppressiveness of Edwardian society tries to come to terms with and accept his sexuality. [PAR] Director: James Ivory [PAR] It's the Edwardian era. The Honeychurches - Marian Honeychurch and her two just of age children Lucy Honeychurch and Freddy Honeychurch - are a carefree and fun-loving family that live in ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Nicholas Renton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When Lucy Honeychurch and chaperone Charlotte Bartlett find themselves in Florence with rooms without views, fellow guests Mr Emerson and son George step in to remedy the situation. Meeting the Emersons could change Lucy's life forever but, once back in England, how will her experiences in Tuscany affect her marriage plans? Written by Bridget Jones [PAR] 11 April 1986 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Soba s pogledom See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Charlotte Bartlett and Eleanor Lavish discuss the plotline of E.M. Forster 's other Italian novel \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\" when on the picnic. Helena Bonham Carter starred in the film adaptation of the novel, Where Angels Fear to Tread (1991). See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] As the steam train pulls into the station, in the background can be seen a wagon/car in British Rail blue with yellow roof, and also a self-propelled diesel rail-car. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Charlotte Bartlett : This is not at all what we were led to expect. [PAR] Lucy Honeychurch : I thought we were going to see the Arno. [PAR] Charlotte Bartlett : The signora distinctly wrote, South rooms, with a view and close together, instead of which she has given us North rooms without a view and a long way apart. [PAR] Chi il bel sogno di"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidents | Cuban Missile Crisis Presidents | Cuban Missile Crisis [PAR] George W. Bush [PAR] Barack Obama [PAR] \u201cTotal war makes no sense in an age where great powers can maintain large and relatively invulnerable nuclear forces and refuse to surrender without resort to those forces. It makes no sense in an age where a single nuclear weapon contains almost 10 times the explosive force delivered by all the allied air forces in the Second World War. It makes no sense in an age when the deadly poisons produced by a nuclear exchange would be carried by wind and water and soil and seed to the far corners of the globe and to generations yet unborn.\u201d [PAR] Lesson: \"A nuclear war cannot be cannot be won and must therefore never be fought.\u201d (Often-quoted one-liner from President Ronald Reagan in 1984) [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] \u201cBut surely the acquisition of such idle stockpiles -- which can only destroy and never create -- is not the only, much less the most efficient, means of assuring peace. I speak of peace, therefore, as the necessary, rational end of rational men.\u201d [PAR] Lesson: There are better ways to peace than simply building up one\u2019s nuclear stockpile. [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] \u201cWe must, therefore, persevere in the search for peace in the hope that constructive changes within the Communist bloc might bring within reach solutions which now seem beyond us. We must conduct our affairs in such a way that it becomes in the Communists' interest to agree on a genuine peace. Above all, while defending our own vital interests, nuclear powers must avert those confrontations which bring an adversary to a choice of either a humiliating retreat or a nuclear war. To adopt that kind of course in the nuclear age would be evidence only of the bankruptcy of our policy--or of a collective death-wish for the world.\u201d [PAR] Lesson: Nuclear crisis management is too dangerous; we must therefore avoid confrontations that could force an adversary to choose between humiliating retreat or nuclear war. [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] \u201cLet us also direct attention to our common interests and the means by which those differences can be resolved. And if we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity. For in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children's futures. And we are all mortal.\u201d [PAR] Lesson: Put yourself in the shoes of your adversary. What are their common interests with you? Are there ways to resolve your differences? [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] \u201c[The United States and USSR] have also been talking in Geneva about our first-step measures of arm[s] controls designed to limit the intensity of the arms race and reduce the risk of accidental war. Our primary long-range interest in Geneva, however, is general and complete disarmament, designed to take place by stages, permitting parallel political developments to build the new institutions of peace which would take the place of arms. The pursuit of disarmament has been an effort of this government since the 1920s. It has been urgently sought by the past three administrations. And however dim the prospects are today, we intend to continue this effort -- to continue it in order that all countries, including our own, can better grasp what the problems and possibilities of disarmament are.\u201d [PAR] Lesson: States must eliminate nuclear weapons. [PAR] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] \u201cI'm taking this opportunity, therefore, to announce two important decisions in this regard. First, Chairman Khrushchev, Prime"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] list of pen names - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com list of pen names - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] List of pen names [PAR] This is a list of pen names used by notable authors of written work. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries. A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her other works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her writings, to combine more than one author ... (\u5c55\u5f00) into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge. Pen name Real name Details A.A. Fair Erle Stanley Gardner One of several that he used Aapeli Simo Puupponen 20th-century Finnish writer and chatty articler Aaron Wolfe Dean Koontz Abigail Van Buren Pauline Phillips and Jeanne Phillips Mother and daughter advice columnists for Dear Abby Abram Tertz Andrei Sinyavsky Abu Nuwas Hasin ibn Hani al Hakami 8th-century Arabic language poet (Persia) Acton Bell Anne Bront\u00eb \u00c6 George William Russell Irish poet and theosophist (1867 - 1935) Alan Gould Victor Canning Alan Smithee various Pen name used by American film directors under certain circumstances Alberto Moravia Alberto Pincherle Alcofribas Nasier Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais Alex Kava Sharon M. Kava American author of psychological suspense novels. Alexander Kent Douglas Reeman Algoth Tiet\u00e4v\u00e4inen Algot Untola 20th-century Finnish author Alice Addertongue Benjamin Franklin Amanda Cross Carolyn Gold Heilbrun 20th-century American mystery writer Amanda Quick Jayne Ann Krentz Anatole France Jacques Anatole Fran\u00e7ois Thibault 20th-century French author Andrej Zivor Andrej Tisma Andrew MacDonald William Luther Pierce Ann Landers Ruth Crowley and then Eppie Lederer Advice columnist for Ask Ann Landers Anne Chaplet Cora Stephan 20th-century German crime novelist and journalist Anne Knish Arthur Davison Ficke Co-author of Spectra: A Book of Poetic Experiments Anne Perry Juliet Marion Hulme Anne Rice Howard Allen Frances O'Brien Other aliases: Anne Rampling and A.N. Roquelaure Anonymous Joe Klein Used to conceal his identity for the initial publication of the novel Primary Colors Anthony Afterwit Benjamin Franklin Anthony Boucher William Anthony Parker White American science fiction editor and writer of mystery novels and short stories Anthony Burgess John Anthony Burgess Wilson 20th-century British writer Anthony Gilbert Lucy Beatrice Malleson British author of the Arthur Crook crime fiction novels Anthony Mills William Joseph Slim British military commander after writing novels, short stories, and other publications earlier in his career. Anthony North Dean Koontz Antosha Chekhonte Anton Chekhov 19th-century Russian physician and author, who also used the pseudonyms \"Man Without a Spleen\" and \"My Brother's Brother\" Arkon Daraul Idries Shah Artemus Ward Charles Farrar Browne 19th-century American humor writer Asdreni Aleksand\u00ebr Stavre Drenova 20th-century Albanian poet Ayn Rand Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum 20th-century fiction writer and creator of the philosophy Objectivism Azor\u00edn Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez Ruiz B. Traven unknown 20th-century novelist, aka Bruno Traven Ba Jin Li Yaotang 20th-century Chinese writer Banaphul Bal\u0101i Ch\u0101nd Mukhop\u0101dhy\u0101y Bengali author, playwright and poet Barbara Michaels Barbara Mertz Barbara Vine Ruth Rendell 21st-century British author who writes a subset of her work under this pseudonym Bartholomew Gill Mark C. McGarrity American crime fiction novelist and newspaper feature writer, wrote 22 novels under pseudonym (Peter McGarr series), wrote under real name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Xanthic | Define Xanthic at Dictionary.com Xanthic | Define Xanthic at Dictionary.com [PAR] xanthic [PAR] of or relating to a yellow or yellowish color. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Chemistry. of or derived from xanthine or xanthic acid. [PAR] Origin of xanthic [PAR] 1810-20; < French xanthique. See xantho- , -ic [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for xanthic [PAR] Expand [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for xanthic [PAR] Expand [PAR] of, containing, or derived from xanthic acid [PAR] 2. [PAR] (botany, rare) having a yellow colour [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for xanthic [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1817, from French xanthique, from Greek xanthos \"yellow\" (see xanthous ). [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper[DOC] [TLE] Xanthic - definition of xanthic by The Free Dictionary Xanthic - definition of xanthic by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Xanthic - definition of xanthic by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/xanthic [PAR] Related to xanthic: xanthic acid [PAR] xanthic [PAR] 1. (Chemistry) of, containing, or derived from xanthic acid [PAR] 2. (Botany) botany rare having a yellow colour [PAR] Translations [PAR] xan\u00b7thic [PAR] a. amarillento-a, rel. a la xantina. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Xanthogenic [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] 2] area containing Xanthic and Eutrophic Oxisols with 10% declivity located in Northern Rio de Janeiro State (21[degrees]42'33\" S and 41[degrees]20'23\" W; 12 m of altitude), Brazil. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spain Declares War on Pigeons With Net Catapult | WIRED Spain Declares War on Pigeons With Net Catapult | WIRED [PAR] Spain Declares War on Pigeons With Net Catapult [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] On Twitter [PAR] 11 hours [PAR] A comedy about the apocalypse\u2014penned by @neilhimself \u2014is slated for 2018. So there's that to look forward to at least bit.ly/2jcWNvp [PAR] Author: Wired UK. Wired UK Science [PAR] Date of Publication: 08.17.10. [PAR] Time of Publication: 12:56 pm. [PAR] 12:56 pm [PAR] Spain Declares War on Pigeons With Net Catapult [PAR] By Duncan Geere, Wired UK [PAR] Spain has a pigeon problem, and some cities are recruiting private pigeon catchers to trap the rats-with-wings using special net catapult devices. [PAR] The technique involves two people and a catapult-sprung net device. One person feeds the pigeons to make sure that they are gathered neatly into a small space, while the other angles the net catapult. Once the birds are in place, the net is released over the birds to trap them before they can fly away. [PAR] Barcelona city council has declared pigeons to be a \u201cplague\u201d and has issued a tender to catch and cull 65,000 of them over the next 18 months \u2014 25 percent of the pigeon population. This represents a significant markup from last year\u2019s already-impressive cull of 40,000 pigeons. [PAR] The birds have been singled out for spreading diseases and for causing damage to buildings thanks to their highly corrosive droppings which can damage stone architecture. Most culling methods involve nets and cage traps in the busiest areas and then asphyxiation with carbon dioxide. [PAR] Some cities, such as Zamora, employ less aggressive forms of pigeon-removal. Zamora distributes large cages in strategic points in the city filled with wheat to attract the animals. Once caught, the pigeons are subjected to a health check. Sick birds are slaughtered, while healthy ones are moved out of the city. This technique has helped reduce the pigeon population by 80 percent since 2004. [PAR] Over in the U.K., we are similarly hostile toward urban pigeons. Ken Livingston declared war on the pigeons when he became Mayor of London in 2000 and passed a bylaw making it illegal to feed them. [PAR] Trafalgar Square was once famous for hosting the best-fed pigeons in the land, but repairing the damage to Nelson\u2019s Column and the square caused by pigeon droppings costs \u00a3140,000 per year. Hawks have been occasionally introduced to the square to scare them away.[DOC] [TLE] Mayor attacks generals in battle of Trafalgar Square | UK ... Mayor attacks generals in battle of Trafalgar Square | UK news | The Guardian [PAR] Mayor attacks generals in battle of Trafalgar Square [PAR] Livingstone wants statues of 'unknowns' replaced [PAR] Thursday 19 October 2000 21.05 EDT [PAR] First published on Thursday 19 October 2000 21.05 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 16 years old [PAR] Major General Sir Henry Havelock looks like a man at ease with his legacy. Standing four and a half metres up on a plinth in Trafalgar Square, his right thumb hooked casually into his belt, this veteran of the first Indian mutiny manages to retain his imperial dignity, even with a pigeon on his head. [PAR] If Ken Livingstone gets his way, however, Havelock may not be enjoying his view of Admiralty Arch for much longer. At a Greater London Authority meeting on Wednesday, Mayor Livingstone suggested that Havelock - who once told his troops: \"Soldiers, your valour will not be forgotten by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marrying for Love: The Experience of Edward IV and Henry ... Marrying for Love: The Experience of Edward IV and Henry VIII | History Today [PAR] Marrying for Love: The Experience of Edward IV and Henry VIII [PAR] Edwardian , Tudor Britain Edward IV [PAR] Eric Ives looks at the cases of two English monarchs who broke with convention by selecting spouses for reasons of the heart, rather than political convenience. [PAR] Should the monarch or heir to the throne marry for love? \u2018Of course\u2019 is the answer most people in Britain would give today, but history suggests otherwise. It is not just that the 1689 Bill of Rights and the 1701 Act of Settlement rule out marriage with a Roman Catholic. [PAR] Monarchs and heirs to the throne have never had the freedom of choice which their subjects enjoy. Since the Norman Conquest (setting aside the present Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles), the only two English or British monarchs to have personally chosen wives are Edward IV (r.1461-83) and his grandson, Henry VIII (r.1509-47). Heirs presumptive have succeeded when already married, but for monarchs, arranged marriage has been the rule and so too for heirs apparent, (Edward the Black Prince was the only exception). In recent centuries some attention has been paid to individual preference. Queen Victoria was allowed the pretence that Albert had freely chosen her. Yet the underlying assumption has always been that reasons of state should determine royal marriages and that monarchs would, if necessary, satisfy their emotional needs elsewhere. [PAR] Three basic principles have governed the choice of a royal consort. First, international prestige demanded that the ruler marry someone of suitable status; second, a royal marriage was a valuable diplomatic asset not to be wasted; third, a spouse should be a foreigner, since to marry within a realm was to risk disturbing the balance of internal politics. Edward and Henry, however, defied this conventional wisdom, chose Englishwomen known to them and aborted diplomatic negotiations in progress to find wives abroad. [PAR] The story of Edward IV\u2019s marriage is that in 1464 the twenty-four-year-old king stopped at Stony Stratford on a march north to counter Lancastrian threats. Very early on May Day he slipped away to the manor of Grafton, five miles away and there in secrecy married Elizabeth Grey, n\u00e9e Woodville, the beautiful but impoverished widow of a knight killed fighting against the Yorkists three years earlier. Edward consummated the marriage immediately and then returned to his entourage. Then, before continuing northwards, he took up residence at Grafton for three days during which time Elizabeth was brought to him secretly each night. Edward kept his horrendous m\u00e9salliance secret for five months, allowing the Earl of Warwick to continue discussions about a possible royal bride from France. [PAR] Henry VIII\u2019s marriage to his first wife, Katherine of Aragon, was made in the cause of diplomacy and when it broke down Cardinal Wolsey proposed a French bride. Instead, behind the Cardinal\u2019s back, the King committed himself to Anne Boleyn who had been a lady at court for the previous six years. Eight years later Anne was replaced by Jane Seymour, another court lady, and although Henry\u2019s marriage to her successor, Anne of Cleves, was a reversion to a diplomatic wife, wives five and six, Katherine Howard and Katherine Parr, were also the King\u2019s personal selection from within the court. [PAR] This personal involvement started off the marriages of Edward IV and Henry VIII on a totally novel basis. All rulers prior to Edward, and every ruler for centuries after Henry, could expect to meet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Complete Chronicles of Narnia: C. S. Lewis, Pauline ... The Complete Chronicles of Narnia: C. S. Lewis, Pauline Baynes: 9780060281373: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] The Complete Chronicles of Narnia [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Save Big On Open-Box & Pre-owned: Buy \"The Complete Chronicles of Narnia\u00e2\u0080\u009d from Amazon Warehouse Deals and save 32% off the $50.00 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all Open-Box & Pre-owned offers from Amazon Warehouse Deals. [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Amazon.com Review [PAR] Narnia is the land of enchantment, glory, nobility--home to the magnificent Aslan, cruel Jadis (the White Queen), heroic Reepicheep, and kind Mr. Tumnus. All the magic of C.S. Lewis's Narnia, bewitching readers for almost 50 years, is captured for the first time in this splendid deluxe edition, including The Magician's Nephew, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, The Horse and His Boy, Prince Caspian, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Silver Chair, and The Last Battle, with fabulous illustrations hand-colored by the original Narnia artist Pauline Baynes and an insightful introduction by Narnia authority Brian Sibley. [PAR] Lewis's work has cast a spell over countless readers over the years, so that once we pick up The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, we don't want to stop until we've read the whole series. The Complete Chronicles makes it even easier to keep reading! The seven beloved stories have been arranged in the chronological order in which Lewis intended them to be read. Begin at the beginning, as Digory and Polly are tricked into a strange other world, which becomes, even as they watch, the great Narnia. Return again and again with four other children--Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy--who are to play such a vital role in Narnia's history. Finally, enter the whimsical land one last time to witness the end of Time, and the beginning of something new: \"world within world, Narnia within Narnia.\" This gorgeous volume is absolutely a must-have for current and future Narnia lovers. (All ages) --Emilie Coulter[DOC] [TLE] The Chronicles of Narnia Books - Children's Books Narnia - The Chronicles of Narnia Books - Children's Books [PAR] Narnia - The Chronicles of Narnia Books [PAR] The Chronicles of Narnia Books [PAR] Do you know how many books make up the Chronicles of Narnia series? Some people are only familiar with one or two of the books, and others know the whole set.There are seven books in C. S. Lewis series The Chronicles of Narnia. Here are the seven adventure books by the year published."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Laws & Equipment | What is a ... BBC SPORT | Rugby Union | Laws & Equipment | What is a line-out? [PAR] What is a line-out? [PAR] The line-out is another awesome sight in rugby union. [PAR] It is a way of restarting play after the ball has been knocked or kicked out of play past the touch line. [PAR] The line-out consists of three to eight players from each side, up to 16 in total, and is taken where the ball went out of play. [PAR] The aim of each player is simply to get their hands on the ball for their team. [PAR] So how does it work? The advantage is with the team throwing in. [PAR] They get the ball because they were not the team who last touched the ball before it went out. They also get to decide how many players will make up the line-out. [PAR] FORMING A LINE-OUT [PAR] The eight forwards and the scrum-half are the players who make up the line-out. [PAR] The most important players are the hooker, the two second rows and scrum-half. They are responsible for getting the ball out to the backs or for the rest of the forwards. [PAR] That does not mean the other players have nothing to do. Far from it. [PAR] The line-out must be formed past the five-metre line and no more than 15m in from the touchline, and both teams must have a one metre gap between them. [PAR] If the referee decides one team has purposely closed the gap, a penalty will be awarded to the other team. [PAR] LINE-OUT THROWS [PAR] The hooker is usually the player with the job throwing the ball into a line-out. Their aim is to find the \"jumpers\", usually the two second rowers. [PAR] But this is not easy. The other team also want the ball, so they'll be doing all they can to upset the hooker's throw. [PAR] The hooker gets a call from one of the jumpers or the scrum half, usually in a code no-one except your team understands, on who to aim the throw at. [PAR] They must stand behind the touch line when they make their throw. [PAR] And the throw must be deadly straight, otherwise the referee will have the line-out taken again, but this time the opposition get the throw in. [PAR] RETAKEN THROWS [PAR] The line-out may look very simple, but it has plenty of laws every player must follow: [PAR] The ball must be thrown straight [PAR] All players not in the line-out must be 10m behind the last man in the line [PAR] No player can use a one of the opposition to use as support when they are jumping [PAR] No player is allowed to push, charge or hold another player in the line-out [PAR] No player can be lifted before the ball is thrown [PAR] No jumper can use the outside of their arm to catch or deflect the ball [PAR] Depending on how serious the offence is, the referee will either award a penalty or free-kick to the team who did not make the offence."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pepper - The Master Spice - Whats Cooking America Pepper - The Master Spice, Whats Cooking America [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Along with salt, pepper is on nearly every table. Historically significant, pepper is the most common spice in use. Nutritionally beneficial and medicinally positive, pepper offers a unique flavor and a variety of uses. It is the third most common ingredient behind water and salt. There are a variety of peppercorns commonly used. [PAR] This master spice is versatile in all forms. It offers up a vibrant flavor suitable for any dish. Historically, it has led an illustrious and full life giving fortune and paying ransoms. Pepper is used daily by most people and offers health benefits along with adding its unique flavor. Reach for that pepper shaker or grinder and enjoy all the benefits it has to offer! [PAR] [PAR] Types of Pepper [PAR] Peppercorns (piper nigrum) ground for use on the table and in cooking originally only came from India, but is now also cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and South America. India is still the major producer of this spice with over half of the product coming from there. [PAR] A perennial bush, which often grows wild, is produced in mounds with trellises similar to grape vines. These mounds are usually about 8-feet tall but the bush itself can grow up to 33 feet in the proper climate. The bush has a round and smooth jointed stem; dark green leaves which are smooth, broad, and have seven nerves in them; and small white flowers. The flowers become the berries which are harvested. The flowers grow in clusters of up to 150. Grown from cuttings, the bush bears fruit at three to four years until about fifteen years. Typically the pepper bush grows within about 20 degrees of the equator some believe the closer to the equator the hotter the peppercorn. [PAR] From this bush, three types of peppercorn are harvested: black, green, and white. The difference in the peppercorns come from when the berry of the bush is harvested and how it is processed. [PAR] [PAR] Black Peppercorns: [PAR] Black peppercorns are the dried berry and the most pungent and strongest in flavor of the three. The berries are picked just before they are ripe and are typically sun dried. As they dry, an enzyme is released which darkens the hull of the berry to anywhere from dark brown to jet black. Within the hull is a lighter seed which causes a variance in the color of the ground pepper. [PAR] Black pepper comes in many forms; whole, cracked, and ground. The ground pepper has varying degrees of coarseness from fine to coarse. [PAR] Some of the uses are as follows: [PAR] in whole form for pickling and stocks [PAR] cracked for meats and salads [PAR] ground for everything else [PAR] Blends of different kinds of peppercorns are typically called medleys. [PAR] [PAR] Lemon Pepper: [PAR] Peppercorns can also be blended with other products like garlic, coriander, lemon, shallot, and chipotle. [PAR] Many people have had lemon pepper chicken or fish, the main spice in those dishes come from a combination of lemon and pepper. [PAR] False Peppers: [PAR] There are several varieties of peppercorns which are do not belong to thepiper nigrum family. These come from a several different types of plants. The flavors of these are different from the piper nigrum plant so should not be used as a substitute. Some are as follows: [PAR] Long pepper (piper longum) originates in central Africa but is now in India, Africa, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glee Cast - Don't Stop Believin' (Lyrics) - YouTube Glee Cast - Don't Stop Believin' (Lyrics) - YouTube [PAR] Glee Cast - Don't Stop Believin' (Lyrics) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 24, 2015 [PAR] \"Don't Stop Believin'\" was recorded by the cast of American television series, Glee. It is the first single released from the soundtrack of the series, Glee: The Music, Volume 1 and was performed on the first episode of the initial season, \"Pilot\". A portion of the song was covered again in the episode \"The Rhodes Not Taken\". A second version was covered by the cast in the first season's finale episode, \"Journey to Regionals\", for the glee club's Regionals competition; it is included in the EP soundtrack, Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals. A third version was covered by Lea Michele as Rachel Berry in the nineteenth episode of the fourth season of the show, \"Sweet Dreams\"; it was released as a single April 23, 2013. A fourth version was performed in the 2014 episode \"New Directions\". The Glee arrangement was adapted from Petra Haden's version. The \"Regionals Version\" earned a nomination for Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for the 2011 ceremony. [PAR] Glee is an American teen musical comedy-drama television series that airs on the Fox network in the United States. It focuses on the reconstituted William McKinley High School glee club, New Directions, which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with relationships, sexuality, social issues, and learning to become an effective team. The initial twelve-member main cast encompassed new club director and Spanish teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling, and Jenna Ushkowitz. In subsequent seasons, the main cast has expanded to fourteen and fifteen members. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 - History Learning Site The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 - History Learning Site [PAR] Home \u00bb Stuart England \u00bb The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 [PAR] The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 [PAR] Citation: C N Trueman \"The Gunpowder Plot of 1605\" [PAR] historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. [PAR] In November 1605, the infamous Gunpowder Plot took place in which some Catholics, most famously Guy Fawkes, plotted to blow up James I, the first of the Stuart kings of England. The story is remembered each November 5th when \u2018Guys\u2019 are burned in a celebration known as \u201cBonfire Night\u201d. [PAR] The story appears to be very simple. [PAR] Catholics in England had expected James to be more tolerant of them. In fact, he had proved to be the opposite and had ordered all Catholic priests to leave England. This so angered some Catholics that they decided to kill James and put his daughter Elizabeth on the throne ensuring that she was a Catholic. This led to a plot to kill not only the king of England, James, but also everyone sitting in the Houses of Parliament at the same time as James was there when he opened Parliament on November 5th, 1605. [PAR] Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators, having rented out a house right by the Houses of Parliament, managed to get 36 barrels of gunpowder into a cellar of the House of Lords. [PAR] The other conspirators were: [PAR] John Grant and the man who is said to have organised the whole plot [PAR] Robert Catesby. [PAR] The most famous picture of some the conspirators [PAR] The explosive expert, Guy Fawkes, had been left in the cellars to set off the fuse. He was only caught when a group of guards decided to check the cellars at the last moment. [PAR] Fawkes was arrested and sent to the Tower of London where he was tortured and eventually gave away the names of the fellow conspirators. [PAR] Sir William Wade, Lieutenant of the Tower, had orders to use whatever means of torture was required to get information from Fawkes. The order came from James. [PAR] Of those involved, some were shot as they were chased by the law such as Percy and Catesby. Others were captured, sent to the Tower and, after a brief trial, eventually hung, drawn and quartered, with Fawkes, in January 1606. [PAR] [PAR] The signature of Guy Fawkes on his confession [PAR] In celebration of his survival, James ordered that the people of England should have a great bonfire in the night on November 5th. This fire was traditionally topped off with an effigy of the pope rather than Guy Fawkes. His place at the top of the fire came in later as did fireworks. The East Sussex county town of Lewes still has the pope alongside Guy Fawkes when it comes to the effigies being burned. [PAR] But is there more to this plot than just a small number of angry Catholics wanting to make a statement against the king, James? Some believe that the whole plot was a government conspiracy to convince James that Catholics could not be trusted. At the very least, some curious things happened when the story is looked at in detail. [PAR] What is odd? [PAR] We do know that James\u2019 chief minister, Robert Cecil, the Earl of Salisbury, hated Catholics and saw them as a constant source of trouble. Cecil also feared that there was a chance that James would be lenient with them during his reign and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Video: Pixar film Up inspires flying balloon house - Telegraph Video: Pixar film Up inspires flying balloon house - Telegraph [PAR] How about that? [PAR] Pixar film Up inspires flying balloon house [PAR] A burst of bright colour breaks the Los Angeles skyline as it continues to soar higher into the air. [PAR] By Daniel Bird [PAR] 6:24PM GMT 08 Mar 2011 [PAR] Look at it closely and you will see, not a bird, nor a plane and certainly not Superman, but an illuminous yellow house supported by hundreds of balloons. [PAR] An idea first dreamed by those at Pixar and Disney has now become a reality. [PAR] A team of scientists from National Geographic decided to see if they could replicate the flying house first seen in the 2009 computer-animated film, Up. [PAR] In the Academy Award winning picture, 78-year-old retiree Carl Frederickson, attaches hundreds of helium balloons to his property to pursue his ambition of exploring South America. [PAR] Related Content"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge- Stock footage for Free [PAR] Home / US Cities/Locations / Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge [PAR] Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge [PAR] Administrator November 18, 2014 US Cities/Locations Comments Off on Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge 742 Views [PAR] Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge [PAR] Download a free US Cities stock footage clip of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. This clip highlights the famous Golden Gate bridge that links San Francisco to Marin County over the Pacific Ocean. [PAR] This free bridges video clip is shot from a well-known vantage point providing you with a postcard-like view of the bright red bridge. [PAR] This video clip is available in high definition format. You can preview and download the free stock video clip below: [PAR] [PAR] YouTube Preview of the Free Stock Footage Clip: [PAR] Format: High Definition (HD) 1920\u00d71080, 29.97fps, QuickTime Photo JPEG (.mov) [PAR] Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge [PAR] More stock footage can be found at VideoBlocks.com [PAR] Free US Cities Stock Footage: Golden Gate Bridge, 5.0 out of 5 based on 3 ratings [PAR] If you like these videos you should check out VideoBlocks, where you can have access to over 115,000 motion backgrounds , stock footage , After Effects templates , and much more. [PAR] Don't forget, if you need royalty-free audio, check out AudioBlocks , where you can search for downloads of production music , sound effects , and looping audio tracks ! [PAR] Also, for all of your graphic needs, try GraphicStock, where you can search over hundreds of thousands of vectors, photos , icons , templates , infographics and more! [PAR] 2014-11-18 [PAR] Free NYC Stock Footage: Wall Street Sign [PAR] Download a free New York City stock footage clip of the Wall Street Sign Hanging on a Post. This clip is a static shot of the street sign of famous Wall Street where bankers, stock brokers, and wealthy bigwigs help grow the economy of the United States . [PAR] This free US Cities video clip is a powerful symbol of the United States fragile economic system -- from those who think Wall Street is corrupt to those who think it has led us to great financial freedoms. [PAR] More Results [PAR] Search for Free Stock Footage [PAR] Search for: [PAR] You are not logged in. [PAR] Username [PAR] A password will be e-mailed to you. [PAR] Or [PAR] Complimentary access to download from our library of over 115,000 stock videos, AE templates, backgrounds, special effects and more! [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Get Unlimited Downloads from our library of over 115,000 stock videos, AE templates, backgrounds, special effects and more! [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Get complimentary access to our library of over 115,000 stock videos, AE templates, backgrounds, special effects and more! [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Get 7 Days of Free Downloads [PAR] Want more Motion Backgrounds? [PAR] Download as much as you want from our library of over 115,000 AE templates, stock videos, backgrounds, special effects and more! [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Choose from over 4,000 at [PAR] Get Unlimited Downloads [PAR] Want more Motion Backgrounds? [PAR] Download as much as you want from our library of over 115,000 AE templates, stock videos, backgrounds, special effects and more! [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Choose from over 4,000 at [PAR] Get Unlimited Downloads [PAR] Want More Stock Footage? [PAR] Download anything you want from our Unlimited Library of over 115,000 stock videos, AE templates,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egyptian Pyramids - Ancient History - HISTORY.com Egyptian Pyramids - Ancient History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Egyptian Pyramids [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Built during a time when Egypt was one of the richest and most powerful civilizations in the world, the pyramids\u2014especially the Great Pyramids of Giza\u2014are some of the most magnificent man-made structures in history. Their massive scale reflects the unique role that the pharaoh, or king, played in ancient Egyptian society. Though pyramids were built from the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the close of the Ptolemaic period in the fourth century A.D., the peak of pyramid building began with the late third dynasty and continued until roughly the sixth (c. 2325 B.C.). More than 4,000 years later, the Egyptian pyramids still retain much of their majesty, providing a glimpse into the country\u2019s rich and glorious past. [PAR] Google [PAR] The Pharaoh in Egyptian Society [PAR] During the third and fourth dynasties of the Old Kingdom, Egypt enjoyed tremendous economic prosperity and stability. Kings held a unique position in Egyptian society. Somewhere in between human and divine, they were believed to have been chosen by the gods to serve as mediators between them and the people on earth. Because of this, it was in everyone\u2019s interest to keep the king\u2019s majesty intact even after his death, when he was believed to become Osiris, god of the dead. The new pharaoh, in turn, became Horus, the falcon-god who served as protector of the sun-god, Ra. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The pyramid's smooth, angled sides symbolized the rays of the sun and were designed to help the king's soul ascend to heaven and join the gods, particularly the sun god Ra. [PAR] Ancient Egyptians believed that when the king died, part of his spirit (known as \u201cka\u201d) remained with his body. To properly care for his spirit, the corpse was mummified, and everything the king would need in the afterlife was buried with him, including gold vessels, food, furniture and other offerings. The pyramids became the focus of a cult of the dead king that was supposed to continue well after his death. Their riches would provide not only for him, but also for the relatives, officials and priests who were buried near him. [PAR] The Early Pyramids [PAR] From the beginning of the Dynastic Era (2950 B.C.), royal tombs were carved into rock and covered with flat-roofed rectangular structures known as \u201cmastabas,\u201d which were precursors to the pyramids. The oldest known pyramid in Egypt was built around 2630 B.C. at Saqqara, for the third dynasty\u2019s King Djoser. Known as the Step Pyramid, it began as a traditional mastaba but grew into something much more ambitious. As the story goes, the pyramid\u2019s architect was Imhotep, a priest and healer who some 1,400 years later would be deified as the patron saint of scribes and physicians. Over the course of Djoser\u2019s nearly 20-year reign, pyramid builders assembled six stepped layers of stone (as opposed to mud-brick, like most earlier tombs) that eventually reached a height of 204 feet (62 meters); it was the tallest building of its time. The Step Pyramid was surrounded by a complex of courtyards, temples and shrines, where Djoser would enjoy his afterlife. [PAR] After Djoser, the stepped pyramid became the norm for royal burials, although none of those planned by his dynastic successors were completed (probably due to their relatively short reigns). The earliest tomb constructed as a \u201ctrue\u201d (smooth-sided, not stepped) pyramid was the Red Pyramid at Dahshur, one of three burial structures built for the first king of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Items Are In A Gross? - Snippets.com How Many Items Are In A Gross? [PAR] How many items are in a gross? [PAR] [PAR] Answer by lois47 (383) [PAR] There are one hundred forty four items in a gross. If you need to calculate it, take twelve times twelve, or twelve squared. [PAR] Answer by aces (45) [PAR] A gross is composed of twelve dozen of any particular item. There are twelve items in a dozen. Therefore, there are exactly twelve times twelve (12x12) or one hundred forty-four (144) items in a gross.[DOC] [TLE] How many units are in a mole - infoplease.com Miscellaneous Units of Measure [PAR] Math > Measurement [PAR] Miscellaneous Units of Measure [PAR] Below is information about units of measure, including acre, bolt, gross, hertz, knot, light-year, parsec, pi, ream, sound, square, stone, and more. [PAR] 93,000,000 miles, the average distance of the earth from the sun. Used for astronomy. [PAR] bale [PAR] A large bundle of goods. In the U.S., the approximate weight of a bale of cotton is 500 pounds. The weight varies in other countries. [PAR] board foot (fbm) [PAR] 144 cubic inches (12 in. \u00d7 12 in. \u00d7 1 in.). Used for lumber. [PAR] bolt [PAR] British thermal unit. Amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit (252 calories). [PAR] carat (c) [PAR] 200 milligrams or 3.086 grains troy. Originally the weight of a seed of the carob tree in the Mediterranean region. Used for weighing precious stones. [PAR] chain (ch) [PAR] A chain 66 feet or one-tenth of a furlong in length, divided into 100 parts called links. One mile is equal to 80 chains. Used in surveying and sometimes called Gunter's or Surveyor's chain. [PAR] cubit [PAR] Unit of relative loudness. One decibel is the smallest amount of change detectable by the human ear. [PAR] ell, English [PAR] 11/4 yards or 1/32 bolt. Used for measuring cloth. [PAR] freight, ton (also called measurement ton) [PAR] 40 cubic feet of merchandise. Used for cargo freight. [PAR] great gross [PAR] 12 dozen or 144. [PAR] hand [PAR] 4 inches or 10.16 cm. Derived from the width of the hand. Used for measuring the height of horses at withers. [PAR] Modern unit for measurement of electromagnetic wave frequencies (equivalent to \u201ccycles per second\u201d). [PAR] hogshead (hhd) [PAR] The power needed to lift 33,000 pounds a distance of one foot in one minute (about 11/2 times the power an average horse can exert). Used for measuring power of steam engines, etc. [PAR] karat (kt) [PAR] A measure of the purity of gold, indicating how many parts out of 24 are pure. For example: 18-karat gold is 3/4 pure. Sometimes spelled carat. [PAR] knot [PAR] Not a distance, but the rate of speed of one nautical mile per hour. Used for measuring speed of ships. [PAR] league [PAR] light-year [PAR] 5,880,000,000,000 miles, the distance light travels in a vacuum in a year at the rate of 186,281.7 miles (299,792 kilometers) per second. (If an astronomical unit were represented by one inch, a light-year would be represented by about one mile.) Used for measurements in interstellar space. [PAR] magnum [PAR] parsec [PAR] Approximately 3.26 light-years or 3.08 \u00d7 1013 km (1.92 \u00d7 1013 mi). Term is combination of first syllables of parallax and second, and distance is that of imaginary star when lines drawn from it to both Earth and the Sun form a maximum angle or parallax of one second (1/3600 degree). Used for measuring interstellar distances. [PAR] pi (\u03c0) [PAR] 3.14159265+."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seville sour orange - UCR: Citrus Variety Collection seville [PAR] Rootstocks of accession: Carrizo citrange, C-35 citrange [PAR] [PAR] Season of ripeness at Riverside: January to March [PAR] [PAR] Notes and observations: [PAR] 2/24/1988, EMN: Six seedling budlines fruited at Lindcove, all appeared identical. The term \"Seville orange\" is considered a synonym for \"Sour orange\", not a variety therof. Fruit is a typical sour orange. [PAR] OJB: Seville sour orange is the variety of sour orange traditionally used to make orange marmalade. The tree is attractive, large, vigorous, and cold tolerant. The fruit is medium-large, round, with a depressed apex, and has pebbled dark orange rind. Seville fruits mature in winter and are seedy, bitter, and acidic. Commercially, the fruits are valued for their oil content and juice. The fragrant flowers are used in China to flavor tea, and in Europe the flowers are the source of oil of neroli, used in perfume manufacture. [PAR] [PAR] Description from The Citrus Industry Vol. 1 (1967) : [PAR] \"This is the ordinary bitter orange so extensively employed as a rootstock and grown in Spain and elsewhere as a marmalade fruit. [PAR] The principal marmalade variety in Spain (Gonzalez-Sicilia, 1963) is Sevillano (Agrio de Espana, Real), which is said to consist of a group of selected clones characterized by vigor, comparative freedom from thorns, and productivity. [PAR] In California, comparison of rootstock clones from many parts of the citricultural world with some of local origin has revealed a considerable range of variation in both tree and fruit characters but none has proved to be outstandingly superior though several have been named.\" [PAR] [PAR] Availability: Commercially available in California through the Citrus Clonal Protection Program .[DOC] [TLE] Seville Orange Marmalade Recipe | SimplyRecipes.com Seville Orange Marmalade Recipe | SimplyRecipes.com [PAR] Seville Orange Marmalade Recipe [PAR] Yield: Makes 5-6 8-ounce jars. [PAR] Ingredients [PAR] 3 lbs of seville or bitter oranges (about 12 oranges) [PAR] 4 cups water [PAR] 2 lemons - 1 regular lemon and 1 Meyer lemon [PAR] 4 to 5 cups white granulated sugar [PAR] Equipment needed [PAR] 1 wide 5 or 6-quart pan (stainless steel or copper with stainless steel lining, not aluminum which will leach, hard anodized is okay) [PAR] An electric or mechanical juicer (you can juice all the oranges by hand but it is much easier and less time consuming with a juicer). [PAR] A sharp chef's knife [PAR] A large (8 cup) measuring cup pourer [PAR] 5 to 6 8-oz canning jars [PAR] Potato peeler [PAR] A muslin jelly bag (for the pectin), or a large (18\" diameter) round piece of muslin, or several pieces of cheesecloth that you can tie up into a bag [PAR] Method [PAR] Bitter Seville oranges, ready to cut [PAR] 1 Scrub the oranges clean. Discard any that are damaged or moldy. [PAR] 2 Cut the oranges in half and juice them, one by one, until you have 2 cups of juice. Set aside the juice. As you juice the oranges, also save the seeds and the membranes - put them in a separate bowl and set them aside. The seeds and membranes will be used for making pectin. [PAR] 3 Taking a clean juiced orange half rind, use a spoon to dig out as much of the white pith as you can. The pith is bitter, so the more you can get out the better. But don't worry if you can't get it all out. What is pictured is the end result of one of my scrapings. It's okay if there is still some pith. Use a sharp chef's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Source: Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z Are Married - Weddings, Beyonce ... Source: Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z Are Married [PAR] Source: Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z Are Married [PAR] Pinterest [PAR] Frank Micelotta/Getty [PAR] After years of speculation, singer Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles wed her longtime boyfriend, rapper Jay-Z, on Friday, a friend of the couple\u2019s tells PEOPLE. [PAR] Though there is no official confirmation, the friend says, \u201cIt happened earlier this evening. Jay wanted it to be a really private affair \u2013 close friends and family.\u201d [PAR] The ceremony was followed by a lavish party at the rapper\u2019s Tribeca apartment that drew Beyonc\u00e9\u2019s mother Tina Knowles, her father/manager Mathew, her sister Solange, her Destiny\u2019s Child mates Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, and the couple\u2019s friend Gwyneth Paltrow. [PAR] (See photos of the guests arriving here .) [PAR] The wedding buzz began when the couple went to get a marriage license at a village hall in Scarsdale, N.Y., on Tuesday. [PAR] DJ Cassidy, a favorite of Jay-Z, was hired to spin. \u201cCassidy mentioned a week ago that he was really excited for Jay Z and Beyonc\u00e9\u2019s wedding party to happen,\u201d says another source. [PAR] Early Friday morning, workers erected a white tent atop the building in Tribeca, where Jay-Z owns a penthouse apartment. Not long after, an SUV carrying what seemed to be AV equipment arrived, followed by deliveries of party rentals and flowers. [PAR] A source tells PEOPLE that Amy\u2019s Orchids was hired to provide 50,000 to 60,000 white orchid blooms from Thailand for a \u201cbig party.\u201d At the apartment, waiters were seen practicing their service. [PAR] A couple since 2002, Jay-Z, 38, and Knowles, 26, always kept quiet about their relationship, even as they were photographed together on romantic holidays around the world. [PAR] Still, marriage seemed to be in the cards \u2013 eventually. \u201cI never pictured myself as a bride,\u201d she told Cosmopolitan in January 2006, \u201cbut after my sister\u2019s wedding, I did start thinking about what kind of wedding I\u2019d want. I don\u2019t think I want a big one.\u201d [PAR] Flowers and candelabras arrive at Jay-Z\u2019s New York City home on Friday [PAR] Isabella Dickerson/Splash News Online"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Football | Beckham agrees to LA Galaxy move BBC SPORT | Football | Beckham agrees to LA Galaxy move [PAR] Beckham agrees to LA Galaxy move [PAR] Beckham will leave Real Madrid after four seasons [PAR] David Beckham will leave Real Madrid and join Major League Soccer side LA Galaxy at the end of the season. [PAR] The 31-year-old former England captain will sign a five-year deal, reportedly worth \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd128m. [PAR] Beckham said: \"This week Real asked me to make a decision regarding their offer to extend my contract. [PAR] \"After considering several options to stay in Madrid or join other major British and European teams, I have decided to join LA Galaxy.\" [PAR] Interview: Former England striker Gary Lineker [PAR] The \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd128m deal is understood to comprise his salary, existing sponsorship contracts, merchandising shirt sales and a share of the club profits. [PAR] In a statement, Beckham continued: \"I would like to thank the supporters and people of Madrid who have made my family and I feel so welcome in my time here, making this an extremely difficult decision to make. [PAR] I am proud to have played for two of the biggest clubs in football [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] \"I have enjoyed my time in Spain enormously and I am extremely grateful to the club for giving me the opportunity to play for such a great team and their amazing fans. [PAR] \"I am proud to have played for two of the biggest clubs in football and I look forward to the new challenge of growing the world's most popular game in a country that is as passionate about its sport as my own. [PAR] \"For the rest of this season I will continue to give 100% to my coach, team-mates and fans as I believe manager Fabio Capello will bring this club and its supporters the success they truly deserve.\" [PAR] LA Galaxy general general manager Alexei Lalas believes Beckham's arrival will give worldwide exposure to the high standard of football in America. [PAR] He told BBC Five Live: \"One of the interesting things that I think people are going to see, is first off, the attention he's going to bring to the sport and to American soccer. [PAR] \"People are going to see the quality that exists over here, and I fully recognise that many people over in England don't have a grasp of what's going on with major league soccer on or off the field. [PAR] \"But the fact is that we have competitive teams, competitive individual players and a very good and growing league. It's not that we can't get better and I would put our teams up against some Premiership teams in a second\" [PAR] Real Madrid confirmed Beckham's departure in a statement, saying: \"Both parties have agreed that Beckham will not extend his current contract, which ends on 30 June 2007.\" [PAR] Beckham left Manchester United in July 2003 to sign for Real, who paid \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd25m for the midfielder's services. [PAR] However, in the three-and-a-half seasons since his arrival, the Spanish giants have failed to win any major trophies. [PAR] This season has proved particularly disappointing for Beckham, who was dropped by England coach Steve McClaren and then fell out of favour with Real boss Capello. [PAR] How the BBC Sport website broke the news in November [PAR] LA Galaxy admitted their interest in signing Beckham in November, when general manager Alexi Lalas told the BBC Sport website of his admiration for the former England captain. [PAR] In an exclusive interview, Lalas said: \"The Los Angeles Galaxy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl ... Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl ( 2003 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] Blacksmith Will Turner teams up with eccentric pirate \"Captain\" Jack Sparrow to save his love, the governor's daughter, from Jack's former pirate allies, who are now undead. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 24 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 08 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 16 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 22 Oct 2015 [PAR] Title: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 5 Oscars. Another 31 wins & 88 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Jack Sparrow races to recover the heart of Davy Jones to avoid enslaving his soul to Jones' service, as other friends and foes seek the heart for their own agenda as well. [PAR] Director: Gore Verbinski [PAR] Captain Barbossa, Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann must sail off the edge of the map, navigate treachery and betrayal, find Jack Sparrow, and make their final alliances for one last decisive battle. [PAR] Director: Gore Verbinski [PAR] Jack Sparrow and Barbossa embark on a quest to find the elusive fountain of youth, only to discover that Blackbeard and his daughter are after it too. [PAR] Director: Rob Marshall [PAR] While Frodo and Sam edge closer to Mordor with the help of the shifty Gollum, the divided fellowship makes a stand against Sauron's new ally, Saruman, and his hordes of Isengard. [PAR] Director: Peter Jackson [PAR] During a preview tour, a theme park suffers a major power breakdown that allows its cloned dinosaur exhibits to run amok. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A meek Hobbit from the Shire and eight companions set out on a journey to destroy the powerful One Ring and save Middle Earth from the Dark Lord Sauron. [PAR] Director: Peter Jackson [PAR] Gandalf and Aragorn lead the World of Men against Sauron's army to draw his gaze from Frodo and Sam as they approach Mount Doom with the One Ring. [PAR] Director: Peter Jackson [PAR] Harry, Ron and Hermione search for Voldemort's remaining Horcruxes in their effort to destroy the Dark Lord as the final battle rages on at Hogwarts. [PAR] Director: David Yates [PAR] After training with his mentor, Batman begins his fight to free crime-ridden Gotham City from the corruption that Scarecrow and the League of Shadows have cast upon it. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] A reluctant hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, sets out to the Lonely Mountain with a spirited group of dwarves to reclaim their mountain home - and the gold within it - from the dragon Smaug. [PAR] Director: Peter Jackson [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X [PAR] Eight years after the Joker's reign"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Imperial Weight Conversion - Ounces, Pounds, Stones ... Imperial Weight Conversion - Ounces, Pounds, Stones, Hundredweight & Tons [PAR] = [PAR] [PAR] To convert between different imperial weight units select the unit from the unit drop down and enter the amount in the amount box. Alternatively to select other conversion select the type of weight from the top drop down boxes. [PAR] Imperial Weight Units [PAR] The imperial system of weights, or more correctly the avoirdupois system of weights is the standard system of weight in the United States and is still in common usage in the United Kingdom. The system is based on a pound (lb) of 16 ounces (oz). Nowadays the avoirdupois pound is defined in terms of the kilogram as being exactly 0.45359237 kilograms. Previously standard pound weights were held by the British treasury. [PAR] Since the independence of the United States there have been slight changes to the avoirdupois weight system in the UK and so the US system became the American Customary System, however the basic units such as the pound and the ounce are still the same in the American Customary System as in the British Imperial System. [PAR] British Imperial Weights [PAR] Before the time of Elizabeth the first, the avoirdupois system of weights was in development and many changes in units and their values were made. The last major change in the system came in Elizabethan times, this included the addition of the troy grain and the definition of the pound as 7,000 grains. [PAR] Table of Units [PAR] Known as the long ton to differentiate from the US short ton [PAR] US Customary Units [PAR] The US customary system of weights is based on the British system at the time of independence, many units remain the same between the two systems however there are differences. The differences include the stone not being included in the US system as it was only formerly included in the British system in 1824. Also the hundredweight in the US customary system is defined as 100 lb and the ton and quarter are also based on a hundredweight of 100 lb, whereas the in the British system the hundredweight is equivalent of 8 stone (112 lb). There remains some confusion as to whether the 100 lb hundredweight was ever in use in the UK before the introduction of the stone. [PAR] Table of Units"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pug | Dogs 101 - YouTube Pug | Dogs 101 - YouTube [PAR] Pug | Dogs 101 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 29, 2009 [PAR] More on the Pug: http://animal.discovery.com/breed-sel... [PAR] Find Your Perfect Breed: http://animal.discovery.com/breed-sel... [PAR] More Video: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/do... [PAR] What some call ugly others might call irresistably cute! The Pug has turned in to one of the most popular dogs in the United States, find out more about this lovable breed. [PAR] Show"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English Channel Map, English Channel Location Facts, Major ... English Channel Map, English Channel Location Facts, Major Bodies of Water, England - World Atlas [PAR] other bodies of water [PAR] Some 10,000 years ago as the last Ice Age melted away, new bodies of water formed including the English Channel and Irish Sea , Great Britain and Ireland were now islands and both would eventually benefit from that process. [PAR] The Roman Legions (40,000 strong) crossed the dangerous English Channel in 43 AD. Literally undefended, the Romans named this wild new province, Britannia, and for some 350 years they controlled and influenced it, until their own Empire collapsed upon itself in 410 AD. [PAR] Though many invasion attempts occurred via the channel over the centuries (some successful, some not) in modern times the English Channel has helped Britain and Ireland defend themselves from outside invaders, namely the German Army during World War II. [PAR] The English Channel is a part of the Atlantic Ocean , and it separates the island of Britain (part of the UK ) from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean . It is today one of the busiest shipping lanes on the planet. It's approximately 350 miles long, and at its narrowest in the Strait of Dover. It's somewhat shallow, with an average depth of less than 50 meters between Dover and Calais. [PAR] Completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel, a 31-mile long rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover, connects France and England"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Most Common Elements In The Universe - einfopedia.com Most Common Elements In The Universe Information of the world [PAR] Home \u00bb Sciences \u00bb Chemistry \u00bb Most Common Elements In The Universe [PAR] There are a lots of elements in the universe. There are heavy as well as light elements found in the universe depending upon the atomic number of the these elements. Here is the list of top ten 10 \u201cMost Common Elements In The Universe\u201d. Because of the their presense in other particles in large numbers, they are also \u201cMost Abundant Elements In The Universe\u201d. Hydrogen is the most abundant or most common in the universe . [PAR] Element"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Le Corbusier (Author of Towards a New Architecture) Le Corbusier (Author of Towards a New Architecture) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le Corbusier; was an architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen in 1930. His career spanned five decades, with his buildings constructed throughout Europe, India, and America. He was a pioneer in studies of modern high design and was dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities. He was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal and AIA Gold Medal in 1961. [PAR] Le Corbusier adopted his pseudonym in the 1920s, allegedly deriving it in part from the name of an ancestor, Lecorb\u00e9sier."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rachel Weisz, Daniel Craig Get Married: Actress, Actor Wed ... Rachel Weisz, Daniel Craig Get Married: Actress, Actor Wed In Secret Ceremony | The Huffington Post [PAR] Rachel Weisz, Daniel Craig Get Married: Actress, Actor Wed In Secret Ceremony [PAR] 06/25/2011 09:02 pm ET | Updated Aug 25, 2011 [PAR] 1.2k [PAR] Rachel Weisz and Daniel Craig have married in a secret ceremony, the News of the World first reported ( via Daily Mail ) and Celebuzz has confirmed . [PAR] The pair began dating while filming the movie, \"Dream House\"; in the same months rumors about their relationship began, Weisz split from director Darren Aronofsky after nine years and a child together. The ceremony was a small, private affair, with only four guests: Weisz's four year old son, Henry; Craig's 18-year old daughter, Ella; and two friends as witnesses. [PAR] \"Daniel and Rachel insisted on having a small, quiet wedding. They are madly in love and couldn't wait to be husband and wife - but they wanted minimum fuss,\" a source told The News of the World. [PAR] A country getaway vacation in December, riddled with paparazzi accounts and photos, revealed that they were indeed a couple. [PAR] \"Daniel and Rachel looked like a romantic couple in a film. They were laughing and hanging on to each other's words and stopping to take photos of each other,\" one witness said of their very public pub canoodling during the getaway. Added another: \"They were clinging to each other like honeymooners. The chemistry was obvious.\" [PAR] Craig will next star in July's \"Cowboys & Aliens\" while Weisz will next be seen in \"Page Eight.\"[DOC] [TLE] Rachel Weisz - Photo 20 - Pictures - CBS News Rachel Weisz - Photo 20 - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Rachel Weisz [PAR] Next [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz attends an event during the 35th Toronto International Film Festival on Sept. 13, 2010, in Toronto. [PAR] The British-born actress, who won an Oscar in 2006 for her role in \"The Constant Gardener,\" quietly married James Bond actor Daniel Craig on June 22, 2011. According to reports, the ceremony took place in New York in front of four guests, including Weisz's 5-year-old son and Craig's 18-year-old daughter. The actors have been romantically linked since fall 2010. [PAR] Credit: Alexandra Wyman/Getty Images [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz attends \"The Whistleblower\" premiere on Sept. 13, 2010, in Toronto. [PAR] Credit: Jason Merritt/Getty Images [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz and director Darren Aronofsky arrive at the \"Black Swan\" premiere on Sept. 13, 2010, in Toronto. The longtime couple, who have a son together, announced in November 2010 that they had ended their nine-year relationship. [PAR] Credit: Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz attends the Costume Institute Gala Benefit to celebrate the opening of the \"American Woman: Fashioning a National Identity\" exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 3, 2010, in New York. [PAR] Credit: Stephen Lovekin/Getty Images [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz arrives at the premiere of \"The Lovely Bones\" on Dec. 7, 2009, in Hollywood, Calif. [PAR] Credit: Jason Merritt/Getty Images [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz attends the \"Agora\" photo call held during the 62nd International Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2009, in Cannes, France. [PAR] Credit: Francois Durand/Getty Images [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz and director Darren Oronofsky arrive at the 2009 Vanity Fair Oscar Party on Feb. 22, 2009, in West Hollywood, Calif. [PAR] Credit: Michael Buckner/Getty Images [PAR] Actress Rachel Weisz attends the opening night after party for \"Billy Elliot The Musical\" on Nov. 13, 2008, in New York. [PAR] Credit: Scott Wintrow/Getty Images"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pya - definition of pya by The Free Dictionary Pya - definition of pya by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Pya - definition of pya by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pya [PAR] A unit of currency in Myanmar equal to 1/100 of the kyat. [PAR] [Burmese py\u00e0.] [PAR] (Currencies) a monetary unit of Myanmar worth one hundredth of a kyat [PAR] [from Burmese] [PAR] a monetary unit of Burma, equal to 1/100 of the kyat. [PAR] [1950\u201355; < Burmese (sp. pr\u0101\u1e25)] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] pya - 100 pyas equal 1 kyat in Myanmar [PAR] Myanmar monetary unit - monetary unit in the Union of Burma [PAR] kyat - the basic unit of money in Myanmar [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] rupee [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Apparently, production of the PYa has been limited, as only elite units of the Russian army and police have received them. [PAR] A Continuation of the Dialogue on Issues in Counseling in the Postmodern Era [PAR] The twins' deputy commander, Swe Pya, has fallen under their spell. [PAR] They are messengers from God .. nothing will ever harm the twins; THE AMAZING 12-YEAR-OLDS WHO COMMAND A REBEL ARMY [PAR] It will be used by PYA to expand integrated youth development services to Williams Preparatory, an Uplift Education Charter School. [PAR] David McMillan to Speak at Knowledge Congress' Live Webcast [PAR] 155 km at MJR, PON, GPD, ELR, SPE, DVR, NYP, PYA & ODR yards in loops, shunting neck & sidings in ADEN/SPE sub division. [PAR] CTR (S) -8.155 km at MJR, PON, GPD, ELR, SPE, DVR, NYP, PYA & ODR yards in loops, shunting neck & sidings [PAR] Clark, CPA, FHFMA, Senior Manager, PYA will speak at the Knowledge Congress' webcast entitled: \u201cUnderstanding IRS Proposed Regulations on Community Health Needs Assessments LIVE Webcast."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lenny Bruce (Author of How to Talk Dirty and Influence People) Lenny Bruce (Author of How to Talk Dirty and Influence People) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Lenny Bruce, born Leonard Alfred Schneider, was a controversial American stand-up comedian, writer, social critic and satirist of the 1950s and 1960s. His 1964 conviction in an obscenity trial was also controversial, eventually leading to the first posthumous pardon in New York history.[DOC] [TLE] How to Talk Dirty and Influence People - digplanet.com Learn and talk about How to Talk Dirty and Influence People, 1965 books, Lenny Bruce, Show business memoirs, Works about freedom of expression [PAR] First edition (publ. Playboy Press ) [PAR] How to Talk Dirty and Influence People is an autobiography by Lenny Bruce , an American satirist and comedian , who died in 1966 at age 40 of a drug overdose. [PAR] At the request of Hugh Hefner and with the aid of Paul Krassner , Bruce wrote the work in serialized format for Playboy in 1964 and 1965. Shortly thereafter it was released as a novel by Playboy Publishing. [1] The book details the course of his career, which began in the late 1940s. In it, he challenges the sanctity of organized religion and other societal and political conventions he perceived as having hypocritical tendencies, and widened the boundaries of free speech . The title is a parody of the 1936 bestseller How to Win Friends and Influence People , by Dale Carnegie . [PAR] References[ edit ] [PAR] ^"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Course and Fences - The Grand National Course and Fences [PAR] It is illegal for anyone aged under 18 to gamble [PAR] Grand National Course and Fences [PAR] The Grand National is the ultimate test of horse and jockey. The race comprises two full circuits of a unique 2\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd mile (3,600 metres) course, where challengers will face 30 of the most testing fences in the world of jump racing. [PAR] It was originally designed as a cross-country steeplechase when it was first officially run in 1839. The runners started at a lane on the edge of the racecourse and raced away from the course out over open countryside towards the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The gates, hedges and ditches that they met along the way were flagged to provide them with the obstacles to be jumped along the way with posts and rails erected at the two points where the runners jumped a brook. [PAR] The runners returned towards the racecourse by running along the edge of the canal before re-entering the course at the opposite end. The runners then ran the length of the racecourse before embarking on a second circuit before finishing in front of the stands. The majority of the race therefore took place not on the actual Aintree Racecourse but instead in the adjoining countryside. That countryside was incorporated into the modern course but commentators still often refer to it as \"the country\", much to the confusion of millions of once-a-year racing viewers. [PAR] Nowadays, around 150 tonnes of spruce branches, sourced and transported from forests in the Lake District, are used to dress the Liverpool course's jump fences. Each fence used to be made from a wooden frame and covered with the distinctive green spruce. However, a radical change for the 2013 renewal saw that frame replaced by a softer, more forgiving material known as \"plastic birch\", for safety reasons. [PAR] Each of the 16 fences on the course are jumped twice, with the exception of The Chair and the Water Jump, which are jumped on the first circuit only. You can take a jockey's eye view of the Grand National course via the video below: [PAR] Safety Changes [PAR] Following safety reviews after both the 2011 and 2012 renewals, a number of changes were made to the course with some reductions in fences or the drop after fences, plus the levelling of landing zones. [PAR] Since 2013, the start of the race is now 90 yards closer to the first fence, reducing the race to four miles and three-and-a-half furlongs, from four-and-a-half miles, while measures were introduced to stop horses getting caught up in the starting tape. [PAR] In particular, the start now includes the 'no-go' zone, which is defined by a line on the track, being extended from 15 yards to around 30 yards from the starting tape. [PAR] The starter's rostrum has been moved to a position between the starting tape and the 'no-go' zone to reduce the potential for horses to go through the starting tape prematurely. [PAR] The tapes themselves are also more user-friendly, with increased visibility, while there is now a specific briefing between the starters' team and the jockeys on Grand National day. [PAR] The changes to the start are aimed at slowing the speed the first fence is approached at, while moving the start further away from the crowd reduces noise that can distract the horses. [PAR] The makeup of all of the fences changed significantly in 2013. The new fences are still covered in spruce, but wooden posts have been replaced by a softer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coldplay | Biography, News, Photos and Videos ... Coldplay | Biography, News, Photos and Videos | Contactmusic.com [PAR] News Pictures Video Music Footage Press Festival Comments Quotes RSS [PAR] Biography [PAR] Coldplay (formed 1996) are a British Rock band, consisting of Chris Martin, Jonny Buckland, Guy Berryman and Will Champion, best known for their songs 'Viva La Vada', 'Paradise' and 'Fix You'. [PAR] Formation: Chris Martin and Jonny Buckland met each other while studying at University College London in September, 1996. Together, the pair formed a group called 'Pectoralz', with their classmate, Guy Berryman, soon joining the band. The following year, the band changed its name to Starfish, and acquired a manager - Martin's friend, Phil Harvey. They also gained their drummer, Will Champion, in the same year, as well as finally settling on the new name for the band; Coldplay. [PAR] Career: In 1998, they released their first EP, entitled 'Safety'. Only 50 copies became available for sale, as the other 450 were distributed amongst friends, family and record companies. It led to the being noticed and signed to the independent music label, 'Fierce Panda', in December of that year. The following year, they released a three-track EP entitled 'Brothers and Sisters', with the title track serving as their first single. Also in 1999, the band signed with a new label, Parlophone, and made an appearance at Glastonbury Festival. October, 1999, saw the release of their third EP, 'The Blue Room'. Between November 1999, and May 2000, Coldplay was recording their debut studio album, 'Parachutes'. In June, they began their first ever headlining tour, and released the song 'Yellow', which peaked at number four on the UK chart. Coldplay then returned to the recording studio in 2001 to begin work on their second studio album. They finished and released 'A Rush of Blood to the Head' in 2002. [PAR] Coldplay returned with their third studio album, 'X&Y', in 2005. 'X&Y' quickly became the bestselling album of the year, selling 8.3 million copies worldwide. It also entered the charts at the number one spot in 20 countries. The following year, they began work on their fourth album, 'Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friend'. The band took a break from recording in 2007 to tour around Latin America, and released the album in June, 2008. It became on the of the fastest selling records in UK history, and again became the bestselling album of the year, with worldwide chart-topping status. [PAR] Their fifth album came in October, 2011, in the form of 'Mylo Xyloto'. In December, 2013, Coldplay announced that their future releases would be distributed by Atlantic Records. In February, 2014, the band released the first track off their sixth album, 'Ghost Stories'. The album was released in May, 2014. The album reached both number one in the UK and the US and there were five singles released as well. [PAR] In 2015 on the 4th December the band released their seventh studio album A Head Full Of Dreams in the follow up to Ghost Stories, this album saw the band creating a different sound to their previous albums. It features collaborations with Beyonc\u00e9, Noel Gallagher and Tove Lo to name a few. The album was the eighth best-selling album of 2015 with 1.9 copies sold worldwide. [PAR] The lead single for the album Adventure Of A Lifetime was released on the 6th November 2015. The second single from the album 'Hymn for the Weekend' featured Beyonc\u00e9 and saw the band gain their 17th British top 10. [PAR] As of 2016 Coldplay have sold 80"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ewood Park: The Cradle of English Football - Blackburn ... Ewood Park: The Cradle of English Football - Blackburn Rovers - Ewood Park [PAR] Ewood Park: The Cradle of English Football [PAR] Chronology of Events [PAR] Laws of the game: Approved by the Football Association : 1863. [PAR] Notts County F.C. established: 1863. [PAR] Laws of the game: Forward passes are permitted, as long as there are three defending players between the receiver and the goal: 1866 [PAR] [PAR] Laws of the game: Introduction of the specific position of goalkeeper: 1871. [PAR] Football Association Cup established: 1871. [PAR] Blackburn Rovers F.C. established: 1875. [PAR] Laws of the game: Full unity with the Sheffield Rules is established \u2013 several features of the northern code had been incorporated into the London-based association rulebook over the preceding 14 years: 1877. [PAR] Blackburn Olympic F.C. established: 1878. [PAR] [PAR] Preston North End F.C. established: 1880. [PAR] Blackburn Olympic F.C. win the Football Association Cup: 1883. [PAR] Blackburn Rovers F.C. win the Football Association Cup: 1884. [PAR] Blackburn Rovers F.C. win the Football Association Cup: 1885. [PAR] Football Association legalises professionalism: 1885. [PAR] Blackburn Rovers win the Football Association Cup: 1886. [PAR] Football League established: 1888. [PAR] Preston North End win the Football League: 1888-89. [PAR] Preston North End win the Football League: 1889-90. [PAR] Blackburn Olympic folded: 1889. [PAR] Laws of the game: The penalty kick is introduced: 1891. [PAR] Football League Division 2 established: 1892. [PAR] [PAR] Football League Division 3 (South) established: 1920-1921. [PAR] Football League Division 3 (North) established: 1921. [PAR] Laws of the game: The offside rule is reduced from three to two defending players between the player and the opponent's goal line: 1925. [PAR] [PAR] Laws of the game: Introduction of substitutes: 1958. [PAR] Football League Division 3 established: 1958. [PAR] Football League Division 4 established: 1958. [PAR] [PAR] Football League Cup established: 1960 [PAR] [PAR] Laws of the game: Introduction of red and yellow cards: 1970. [PAR] [PAR] Laws of the game: Introduction of the back-pass rule: 1992. [PAR] Football Association Premier League established: 1992. [PAR] Blackburn Rovers win the Premier League and crowned Champions of England: 1995. [PAR] Ewood Park officially reopened: 1995. [PAR] [PAR] Laws of the game: Goal-line technology is permitted, if the individual competition wishes to implement it: 2012. [PAR] Blackburn Rovers are one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League; the others being fellow Lancastrian's Everton and Warwickshire club Aston Vila. [PAR] [PAR] Blackburn Rovers are the only Football Club to be founder members of the Premier League and Football League and Champions of both. [PAR] [PAR] During the 1880's, the dominance of the upper-class southern public school, army and university teams came to an end as the game took root in the industrial heartlands of Lancashire and the west and north Midlands. [PAR] [PAR] Even though clubs like Blackburn Rovers were formed by middle-class grammar school boys, with the participation of the working-class, both as players and spectators, the game eventually ceased to be the exclusive pursuit of the genteel middle and upper-classes and became a mass spectator sport. [PAR] [PAR] Even before professionalism was legalized in 1885 and certainly after the legalization of professionalism, these new breed of clubs were building enclosed grounds; charging admission fees and being run for profit. [PAR] [PAR] Intense competition led to players being poached by one club from another and financial inducements, forbidden by the FA's strict rules on amateurism, became commonplace. [PAR] [PAR] Before professionalism and the Football League was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Espect\u00e1culo in English | Spanish to English Translation Espect\u00e1culo in English | Spanish to English Translation [PAR] espect\u00e1culo [PAR] 1 (Teat) (representaci\u00f3n) show; (funci\u00f3n) performance [PAR] secci\u00f3n de espect\u00e1culos entertainment guide; entertainments section; el deporte como espect\u00e1culo sport presented as show business [PAR] dar un espect\u00e1culo to make a scene [PAR] espect\u00e1culo de luz y sonido sound and light show; son et lumi\u00e8re show [PAR] espect\u00e1culo de variedades variety show [PAR] 2 (visi\u00f3n asombrosa) spectacle [PAR] el espect\u00e1culo de las cataratas the amazing spectacle o sight of the waterfalls; the spectacular waterfalls; fue un espect\u00e1culo bochornoso it was an embarrassing spectacle o sight [PAR] adjective"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Masterpiece | Downton Abbey | PBS Masterpiece | Downton Abbey | PBS [PAR] From the socialites to the servants, meet the residents and staff of Downton Abbey and learn about the actors who portray them. [PAR] Violet, Dowager Countess of Grantham [PAR] The mother of Robert, Earl of Grantham, Violet is proud, loyal to her son and immensely insufferable to her American daughter-in-law Cora, whom she regards as an interloper, a living compromise the family has had to make. [PAR] Maggie Smith [PAR] With no history of acting in the family, Maggie Smith enrolled in drama school at age sixteen. Following performances in student revues and in cabaret, she joined London's Old Vic Theater alongside Laurence Olivier before moving on to London's National Theatre. [PAR] No stranger to Masterpiece, Maggie Smith has appeared in such productions as David Copperfield , Memento Mori, All for Love, and All the King's Men . She has two sons, also actors, Toby Stephens and Chris Larkin, both with Masterpiece credits of their own. [PAR] Now with an astonishing array of awards to her name including two Oscar awards, Smith is renowned for her sense of humor. As Downton Abbey creator Julian Fellowes explains, \"Maggie Smith has a unique sense of comedy, based on a somewhat ironic view of real life, making it both funnier and more sad. But perhaps her greatest ability, or at least the one that most intrigues me, is how she can convey deep and powerful emotion without a trace of sentimentality.\" [PAR] As for her role as Violet, the Dowager Countess, Maggie Smith remarks, \"It is very satisfying to play a character such as Violet...Julian is good at those sorts of ladies. This is the third old lady I've played for him, so I am getting the hang of it now,\" Smith laughs. [PAR] Cora, Countess of Grantham [PAR] Cora is the beautiful daughter of Isidore Levinson, a dry goods multi millionaire from Cincinnati. She arrived in England with her mother in 1888 at the age of 20, and was engaged to Robert by the end of her first season. [PAR] Elizabeth McGovern [PAR] Born in Evanston, Illinois, Elizabeth McGovern moved to Los Angeles when she was 10 years old and soon began acting in school plays. She went on to study at The Juilliard School in New York City and while there was offered a part in her first film, Ordinary People, directed by Robert Redford. The following year she earned an Academy Award nomination for her role in Ragtime. In 1984, she starred with Robert De Niro and James Woods in the cult gangster movie Once Upon A Time In America and later opposite Mickey Rourke in Johnny Handsome. [PAR] In a small way, McGovern's character, Cora, reflects her own journey. \"It's great to play a role that in some way mirrors my life, because I am an American who has spent nearly two decades raising English children and making the cultural adjustments, so in that way I can definitely relate to the part and have respect for what I know that entails, from the experience I have had myself.\" [PAR] McGovern is also a singer-songwriter and has just recorded her second album with her band Sadie and the Hotheads. She lives in London with her husband director/producer Simon Curtis and their two children. [PAR] Robert, Earl of Grantham [PAR] Robert, Earl of Grantham, is married to Cora, an American heiress, whose money helped put Downton Abbey back on its feet. The father of three, Mary, Edith and Sybil, Robert has an uncomplicated life until a"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Breeds of Livestock - Scottish Blackface ... - Animal Science Breeds of Livestock - Scottish Blackface Sheep \u2014 Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Scottish Blackface Sheep [PAR] Breeds of Livestock - Scottish Blackface Sheep [PAR] Scottish Blackface [PAR] Also Known By: Blackface, Blackfaced Highland, Kerry (Ireland), Linton, Scottish Mountain, Scottish Highland, Scotch Blackface, Scotch Horn [PAR] The Scottish Blackface is an attractive, hardy, old breed whose origins are lost to us. It is likely that the breed developed in the border area of Scotland and England. [PAR] Monastery records show that monks in the Twelfth Century raised sheep that are the progenitors of the modern Scottish Blackface breed. The monks used the wool of the dun-faced sheep, as they were often called, for their own clothing and exported large amounts to Europe. Later records show, in 1503, James the IV of Scotland established a flock of 5,000 Scottish Blackface in Ettrick Forest. [PAR] Today the Blackface is numerically, and probably economically, one of the most important in the United Kingdom. In 1989 their wool accounted for nearly 40% of the total wool production of Scotland and one twelfth the wool production of the United Kingdom. The fleece that the Scottish Blackface has today is the result of selective breeding since medieval times from a short coarse wooled ancestor. The fleece of the modern Scottish Blackface weighs from 1.75 to 3 kg with a staple length of 15 to 30 cm. [PAR] Blackface ewes are excellent mothers and will defend their offspring against any perceived threat. They are good milkers and are able to yield a lamb crop and a wool clip even when on marginal pastures. The breed spread from the border areas during the 19th Century to the highlands and the islands and also to Northern Ireland and the US. There are small flocks scattered across the USA but this robust little breed has remained a minor breed. [PAR] The Scottish Blackface are excellent on brushy hillsides and can be useful for improving pastures. They are very adept at regaining condition after lambing or a hard winter. In the world of meat production the Blackface plays two distinct roles in the UK. Firstly they produce lambs on the hills; latter they are brought down to the lower country and are crossed with Border Liecesters. [PAR] Blackface lambs yield a carcass ideal for the modern consumer. The meat is free of superfluous fat and waste and is known the world over for its distinct flavor. Although they are not large sheep they have enormous potential for the production in the US of high quality lean lamb for today's health conscious consumer. [PAR] Overseas Scottish Blackface wool is used in the production of fine carpets. It has exceptionally hardwearing qualities combined with a natural springiness which enables it the pile of the carpet to resist tread marks and to regain its upright position even after the prolonged pressure of heavy furniture. Many of the best Axminster and Wilton Carpets are made from this wool. Some grades of Scottish Blackface wool are used in the manufacture of Scottish and Irish tweeds. Other grades are exported in considerable quantities to Italy where the wool is greatly prized for filling mattresses. Artisans have long treasured the horns of the Blackface for the carving of shepherds crooks and walking sticks. In the US the fleeces are becoming of interest to fiber artists and hand spinners for use in tapestry and the making of rugs and saddle blankets. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sinclair C5 (original TV advert) - YouTube Sinclair C5 (original TV advert) - YouTube [PAR] Sinclair C5 (original TV advert) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 8, 2009 [PAR] The Sinclair C5 was a battery electric vehicle invented by Sir Clive Sinclair and launched in the United Kingdom on 10 January 1985. It was a battery-assisted tricycle steered by handles on each side of the driver's seat. Powered operation was possible making it unnecessary for the driver to pedal. Its top speed of 15 miles per hour (24 km/h), was the fastest allowed in the UK without a driving licence. It sold for \u00a3399 plus \u00a329 for delivery. It became an object of media and popular ridicule and was a commercial disaster, selling only around 12,000 units. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sandie Shaw :::: How Can You Tell ? - YouTube Sandie Shaw :::: How Can You Tell ? - YouTube [PAR] Sandie Shaw :::: How Can You Tell ? [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 8, 2010 [PAR] Sandie Shaw (born Sandra Ann Goodrich, 26 February 1947) is an English pop singer, who was one of the most successful British female singers of the 1960s. In 1967 she was the first UK act to win the Eurovision Song Contest. She has been described as \"the barefoot pop princess of the 1960s\". [PAR] Sandra Goodrich was born and brought up in Dagenham, London, England. On leaving school, she worked at the nearby Ford factory, and did some part-time modelling, before coming second as a singer in a local talent contest. As a prize, she appeared at a charity concert in London, where her potential was spotted by singer Adam Faith. He introduced her to his manager, Eve Taylor, who won her a contract with Pye Records in 1964 and gave her the stage name of \"Sandie Shaw\". [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FACT BEHIND FICTION | The Day of the Jackal - Frederick ... FACT BEHIND FICTION | The Day of the Jackal - Frederick Forsyth [PAR] The Day of the Jackal - Frederick Forsyth [PAR] [PAR] Historical Background [PAR] [PAR] The OAS (Organisation de l\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdArmee Secrete) were a group of extremists who came together in 1961 to oppose the French President - Charles De Gaulle\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds policy of granting independence to Algeria, as a means to end the Algerian war. The majority of OAS membership constituted Algerian settlers of French origin, who considered Algeria to be sovereign French territory. They intended to keep Algeria under French control by assassinating De Gaulle. [PAR] [PAR] Summary [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdCome, my dear, we are going home. They can\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt shoot straight.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] [PAR] The story begins in France in 1962 with the failed assassination attempt on De Gaulle at Petit-Clemart. The audacity of the attack draws the fury of the French security forces, and their retaliation leaves the OAS a destabilized organisation with demoralized ranks and no leader. Well, almost. [PAR] [PAR] Despite the enormous demoralization this caused the OAS, they (French security) had paved the way for his shadowy deputy, the little known but equally astute Lieutenant-Colonel Marc Rodin, to assume command of operations aimed at assassinating De Gaulle. [PAR] [PAR] In many ways it was a bad bargain. [PAR] [PAR] Rodin was a self-made military career officer with a lifetime of experience in the battlefield. His disillusionment with the politicians was the same as that of the rank and file of the OAS, but his resolve and intellect were stronger. Rodin personally undertakes a mission to find an assassin who can successfully penetrate the forewarned French security establishment. [PAR] [PAR] After finding some possible candidates for the job Rodin returns to his hideout in Austria and discusses his plan and reasoning with his top officers. The choice is clear and the man selected is an assassin by profession \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a former mercenary, but unknown and difficult to trace. [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdGentlemen, let us be frank. I operate for money, you for idealism. But when it comes to practical details we are all professionals at our jobs.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] [PAR] The meeting between the OAS commander and the anonymous assassin identified only as The Englishman nevertheless takes place shortly afterword and the mission to assassinate De Gaulle begins. The code name adopted by the assassin for this mission is the Jackal. [PAR] [PAR] The Jackal was perfectly aware that in 1963 General De Gaulle was not only the President of France; he was also the most closely and skillfully guarded figure in the western world. To assassinate him, as was later proved, was considerably more difficult than to kill President John F. Kennedy of the United States. [PAR] [PAR] As a successful assassin the Jackal has an established method of going about his work. Common to all stages of operation is his obsession with anonymity. To that end he goes about procuring aliases for himself, but not before he has researched his mark thoroughly, reading every possible piece of information on De Gaulle. This in-depth research allows that Jackal to form a mental picture of his mark\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds habits and routines, and it during this routine that the Jackal determines the finer points of the assassination. [PAR] [PAR] Passports are stolen, papers are forged and false birth certificates are applied for. The Jackal uses these identities to scout the general area for an exact location from which to carry out the kill. He needs to enter France undetected to succeed and to stay alive afterwards"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Identification, All About Birds ... Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Identification, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology [PAR] Typical Voice [PAR] Size & Shape [PAR] Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers are fairly small woodpeckers with stout, straight bills. The long wings extend about halfway to the tip of the stiff, pointed tail at rest. Often, sapsuckers hold their crown feathers up to form a peak at the back of the head. [PAR] Color Pattern [PAR] Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers are mostly black and white with boldly patterned faces. Both sexes have red foreheads, and males also have red throats. Look for a long white stripe along the folded wing. Bold black-and-white stripes curve from the face toward a black chest shield and white or yellowish underparts. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] Yellow-belled Sapsuckers perch upright on trees, leaning on their tails like other woodpeckers. They feed at sapwells\u2014neat rows of shallow holes they drill in tree bark. They lap up the sugary sap along with any insects that may get caught there. Sapsuckers drum on trees and metal objects in a distinctive stuttering pattern. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers live in both hardwood and conifer forests up to about 6,500 feet elevation. They often nest in groves of small trees such as aspens, and spend winters in open woodlands. Occasionally, sapsuckers visit bird feeders for suet.[DOC] [TLE] Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | Audubon Field Guide Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | Audubon Field Guide [PAR] Woodpeckers [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Woodlands, aspen groves; in winter, also orchards, other trees. In summer mostly in mixed coniferous and deciduous woods, especially around aspens. May be found in any kind of woods or even dry brush in migration. Winters mostly in deciduous trees. [PAR] Although its name sounds like a cartoonist's invention, the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker does exist. This species is common in the north and east, and is replaced by close relatives in the west. Quiet in winter, it becomes noisy in spring, with cat-like calls and staccato drumming. [PAR] Photo Gallery [PAR] Feeding Behavior [PAR] Drills tiny holes in tree bark, usually in neatly spaced rows, and then returns to them periodically to feed on the sap that oozes out. Also eats bits of cambium and other tree tissues, as well as insects that are attracted to the sap. Besides drilling sap wells, also gleans insects from tree trunks in more typical woodpecker fashion, and sallies out to catch insects in the air. Berries and fruits are eaten at all seasons, and birds may concentrate in fruiting wild trees in winter. [PAR] Eggs [PAR] 5-6, sometimes 3-7. White. Incubation is by both sexes (with male incubating at night and part of day), 12-13 days. Both parents feed young, bringing them insects, sap, and fruit. Young leave nest 25-29 days after hatching. Parents teach young the sapsucking habit, feed them for about 10 days after they leave nest. 1 brood per year. [PAR] Diet [PAR] Includes insects, tree sap, fruit. Feeds on a wide variety of insects, including many ants (taken from tree trunks). Also regularly feeds on tree sap, and on berries and fruits. [PAR] Nesting [PAR] Males tend to arrive on breeding grounds before females. Courtship displays include pointing bill up to show off colored throat patch; ritualized tapping at nest site. Nest site is cavity in tree, usually deciduous tree such as aspen, poplar, birch, 6-60' above ground. Often uses same tree in consecutive years, rarely same nest hole. Favors trees affected by tinder fungus, which softens heartwood while leaving outer part of trunk firm. Both sexes help excavate."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What different cats eyes mean - Driving Theory Test Questions What different cats eyes mean [PAR] Member Support [PAR] What different cats eyes mean [PAR] There are market studs, which are usually referred to as multi-coloured studs or even more usually as cats eyes, along certain areas of motorways and optionally on other parts of motorways too. [PAR] These are there to help you when driving at night and provide a clear visual clue as to the current road conditions you face (e.g. you are are about to rejoin a motorway for instance). [PAR] There are various different colours of these, and if you ask drivers what they mean they might not know, but as a learner driver who wants to know all about driver theory you should be sure to learn what the different colours mean. [PAR] Green cats eyes indicate where you rejoin the main carriageway of the motorway. They also indicate exits and entrances from slip roads. [PAR] The colour you may see most often are white ones which are simply used to mark the lanes on the motorway. [PAR] You will also come across two other colours - amber studs and red ones. The amber studs mark the edge of the central reservation, whilst the red studs mark the left edge of the carriageway next to the hard shoulder. [PAR] Do take the time to learn what the different colours mean - it is useful to have the extra information they provide when driving on motorways at night. [PAR] JOIN NOW and gain access to ALL the official Theory Test multiple choice Revision Questions for car drivers [PAR] Practice Theory Test Question [PAR] Do you know the answer to this randomly chosen driving theory test revision question? [PAR] You are travelling along the left-hand lane of a three-lane motorway. Traffic is joining from a slip road. You should A) race the other vehicles B) move to another lane C) maintain a steady speed D) switch on your hazard flashers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roman Numerals | English Club Roman Numerals | English Club [PAR] Roman Numerals [PAR] Arabic to Roman number converter [PAR] Enter your Arabic number (1-3999): [PAR] The numbers that we normally use (1, 2, 3 etc) are called \"Arabic numerals\". But we sometimes use another system for writing numbers - \"Roman numerals\". The Romans used letters of the alphabet to represent numbers, and you will occasionally see this system used for page numbers, clock faces, dates of movies etc. [PAR] Image: On the clockface you see Roman numerals for the hours and Arabic numerals for the minutes. [PAR] The letters used in Roman numerals are: [PAR] I = 1 [PAR] D = 500 [PAR] M = 1000 [PAR] We can use upper-case letters (capitals) or lower-case letters (small letters) when writing Roman numerals. So the following numbers are exactly the same: XVIII = xviii = 18 [PAR] In general, letters are placed in decreasing order of value, eg XVI = 16 (10+5+1). Letters can be repeated one or two times to increase value, eg XX = 20, XXX = 30. Letters cannot be repeated three times, so XXXX is not used for 40. In this case, XL = 40 (50 minus 10). [PAR] Look at these examples of Roman numerals in use: [PAR] The Introduction is on page vii (= The Introduction is on page 7) [PAR] \u00a9 MMXVI EnglishClub (= \u00a9 2016 EnglishClub) [PAR] Significant numbers from one to a thousand [PAR] Roman numerals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Summary of Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler HENRIK IBSEN [PAR] Many critics, whether European, British, or American, were horrified by Hedda Gabler. One appalled response was to deny that such a woman could exist in real life. A Norwegian critic called her a \"monster created by the author in the form of a woman who has no counterpart in the real world.\" Another response was to classify Hedda as abnormal or perverted. The Danish critic George Brandes found her \"a true type of degeneration\" who was incapable \"of yielding herself, body and soul, to the man she loves.\" For Hjalmer Boyeson she was \"a complete perversion of womanhood.\" Others explained her as an example of the New Woman , a female character common in fiction in the 1890s, when women were actively demanding equality with men. [PAR] The play aroused negative criticism for yet another reason; it violated the assumptions of traditional literary theory. A good example of this kind of response is an anonymous review which appeared in the Saturday Review: [PAR] The production of an Ibsen play impels the inquiry, What is the province of art? If it be to elevate and refine, as we have hitherto humbly supposed, most certainly it cannot be said that the works of Ibsen have the faintest claim to be artistic. We see no ground on which his method is defensible. . . . Things rank and gross in nature alone have place in the mean and sordid philosophy of Ibsen. Those of his characters who are not mean morally are mean intellectually--the wretched George Tesman, with his enthusiasm about the old shoes his careful aunt brings him wrapped up in a bit of newspaper, is a case in point. As for refining and elevating, can any human being, it may be asked, feel happier or better in anyway from a contemplation of the two harlots at heart who do duty in Hedda Gabler? . . . We do not mean to say that there are not, unhappily, Hedda Gablers and George Tesmans in 'real life'. There are; but when we meet them we take the greatest pains to get out of their way, and why should they be endured on the stage? [PAR] Even some supporters of Ibsen were confused by this play, because they expected another problem play ; a number of his previous plays had dealt with contemporary social issues like syphilis or political corruption. For them, Hedda Gabler might be brilliant, but it was also pointless. Edmund Gosse could not find \"any sort of general idea from Hedda Gabler...or satire on any condition of society.\" [PAR] The play, however, found many admirers. Justin McCarthy gave the play high praise, \"Hedda Gabler is the name, to my mind, of Ibsen's greatest play, and of the most interesting woman that Ibsen has created.\" The anonymous reviewer for the London Sunday Times recommended the play without reservation: \"one of the most notable events in the history of the modern stage, for, in spite of all prejudice and opposition, it marks an epoch and launches an influence.\" The Times reviewer based his judgements on a more liberal literary theory than the reviewer for the Saturday Review quoted above: [PAR] Now, to us Hedda Gabler appears a wonderful work of art, one that must produce a profound impression upon those who will accustom themselves to regard a stage-play from the point of view of real, living character in actual contact with the facts and sensations and possibilities of human experience, instead of gauging it by the conventional standard of playmaking, or the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harrods, Brompton Road, London | Shopping/Department ... Harrods, Brompton Road, London | Shopping/Department Stores in London | LondonTown.com [PAR] Opening Times [PAR] Britain's most famous store and possibly the most famous store in the world, Harrods features on many tourist 'must-see' lists - and with good reason. Its humble beginnings date back to 1849, when Charles Henry Harrod opened a small East End grocer and tea merchant business that emphasised impeccable service over value. Today, it occupies a vast seven floor site in London's fashionable Knightsbridge and boasts a phenomenal range of products from pianos and cooking pans to fashion and perfumery. The luxurious Urban Retreat can be found on the sixth floor while newer departments include Superbrands, with 17 boutiques from top international designers, and Salon du Parfums, housing some of the most exceptional and exclusive perfumes in the world. The Food Hall is ostentatious to the core and mouth-wateringly exotic, and the store as a whole is well served with 27 restaurants. At Christmas time the Brompton Road windows are transformed into a magical winter wonderland and Father Christmas takes up residence at the enchanting Christmas Grotto. The summer and winter sales are calendar events in the shopping year, and although both sales are extremely crowded there are some great bargains on offer. [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 50 Euro Gold Coin Series: Klimt and his Women: 2012 ... coins and more: 168) The 50 Euro Gold Coin Series \u2013 \u201cKlimt and his women\u201d issued by the Austrian Mint (2012-2016): Commemorating Klimt\u2019s 150th Birth Anniversary from 2012 onwards with a Coin Series on his paintings: [PAR] coins and more [PAR] This blog is meant to display my coins/currency notes/stamps, in an informative manner, which would be useful to users in knowing about the history of the period when these coins/banknotes/stamps were minted/printed and events/persons they honour/depict, both on Indian and foreign coins/banknotes/stamps. The content would be more in the nature of a walk down memory lane through my collection/articles. [PAR] Search This Blog [PAR] Tuesday, 16 December 2014 [PAR] 168) The 50 Euro Gold Coin Series \u2013 \u201cKlimt and his women\u201d issued by the Austrian Mint (2012-2016): Commemorating Klimt\u2019s 150th Birth Anniversary from 2012 onwards with a Coin Series on his paintings: [PAR] 168) The 50 Euro Gold Coin Series \u2013 \u201cKlimt and his women\u201d issued by the Austrian Mint (2012-2016): Commemorating Klimt\u2019s 150th Birth Anniversary from 2012 onwards with a Coin Series on his paintings: [PAR] (1) \u201cAdele Bloch-Bauer I\u201d (2012): (2) \u201cThe Expectation\u201d (2013): (3) \u201cJudith II\u201d) (2014): [PAR] The Second Coin in the Series \u201cThe Expectation\u201d won the \u201c2015 Coin Of The Year\u201d (COTY) Award in the prestigious Krause Publications Competition held for coins issued in 2013: [PAR] Gustav Klimt (14.07.1862 \u2013 06.02.1918): [PAR] Gustav Klimt was the son of a gold engraver in Vienna in 1862. He grew up during the boom years of the Austro-Hungarian Empire when the city was undergoing the intense period of economic growth that made it one of the world\u2019s hotbeds of creativity. [PAR] After attending the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts, Klimt found himself among those commissioned to create decorations for the monumental buildings that are still found in the Austrian capital today. [PAR] He was a symbolist painter and is noted for his murals, sketches and other \u201cobjets d\u2019art\u201d (meaning \u201cWorks of Art\u201d). His primary subject was the female body and his works are marked by a frank eroticism. [PAR] Early in his artistic career, he was a successful painter of architectural decorations in a conventional manner. Tiring of the conventions of interior design at the time, influenced by Symbolism, he moved out towards a new artistic direction. He found fame as the co-founder and first President of the \u201cWiener Sezession\u201d (or the \u201cVienna Secession\u201d) and that of the group\u2019s periodical \u201cVer Sacrum\u201d (or \u201cSacred Spring\u201d), which showcased the artistic works of its members, and which was an artistic movement that rejected the prevailing conservatism in the Viennese Art World at the end of the 19th century. [PAR] The group encouraged all styles of Art \u2013 traditional or innovative and had Pallas Athene, the Greek Goddess of just causes, wisdom, and the Arts, as its symbol \u2013 of whom Klimt painted his radical version in 1898. [PAR] Among the Artists of the \u201cVienna Secession\u201d, he was the most influenced by Japanese Art and its methods. [PAR] In addition to his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. As he matured in his craft, he developed a more personal style. His later works were subject to much controversy, particularly when he completed the paintings around 1900 AD for the ceiling of the Great Hall of the University of Vienna, which were labelled as \u201cpornographic\u201d. He never accepted any more public commissions after this work. [PAR] The \u201cGolden Phase\u201d of Klimt\u2019s artistic career: [PAR] This was followed by the \u201cgolden phase\u201d of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington | prime minister ... Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington | prime minister of Great Britain | Britannica.com [PAR] Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington [PAR] prime minister of Great Britain [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Alternative Titles: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Marquess of Douro, Marquess of Wellington, Earl of Wellington, Viscount Wellington of Talavera and of Wellington, Baron Douro or Wellesley, Arthur Wesley, Iron Duke, Sir Arthur Wellesley [PAR] Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington [PAR] Prime minister of Great Britain [PAR] Also known as [PAR] Iron Duke [PAR] Arthur Wesley [PAR] Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Marquess of Douro, Marquess of Wellington, Earl of Wellington, Viscount Wellington of Talavera and of Wellington, Baron Douro or Wellesley [PAR] Sir Arthur Wellesley [PAR] Sir William Francis Patrick Napier [PAR] Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington, in full Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington, marquess of Douro, marquess of Wellington, earl of Wellington, Viscount Wellington of Talavera and of Wellington, Baron Douro or Wellesley, byname Iron Duke (born May 1, 1769, Dublin , Ireland \u2014died September 14, 1852, Walmer Castle, Kent , England ), Irish-born commander of the British army during the Napoleonic Wars and later prime minister of Great Britain (1828\u201330). He first rose to military prominence in India , won successes in the Peninsular War in Spain (1808\u201314), and shared in the victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo (1815). [PAR] Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington, oil on canvas by Sir Thomas Lawrence. [PAR] The Granger Collection, New York [PAR] Wellington twice reached the zenith of fame with a period of unexampled odium intervening. By defeating Napoleon at Waterloo he became the conqueror of the world\u2019s conqueror. After Waterloo he joined a repressive government, and later, as prime minister, he resisted pressure for constitutional reform. False pride, however, never prevented him from retreating either on the field or in Parliament, and for the country\u2019s sake he supported policies that he personally disapproved. In old age he was idolized as an incomparable public servant\u2014the Great Duke. Reaction came after his death. He has been rated an overcautious general and, once, Britain\u2019s worst 19th-century prime minister. Today there is widespread appreciation of his military genius and of his character as an honest and selfless politician, uncorrupted by vast prestige . [PAR] Early life [PAR] Wesley (later, from 1798, Wellesley) was the fifth son of the 1st earl of Mornington. Too withdrawn to benefit from his Eton schooling, he was sent to a military academy in France, being, in his widowed mother\u2019s words, \u201cfood for powder and nothing more.\u201d At the age of 18 he was commissioned in the army and appointed aide-de-camp to the Irish viceroy. In 1790\u201397 he held the family seat of Trim in the Irish Parliament. At 24, though in debt, he proposed to Catherine (Kitty) Pakenham but was rejected. Arthur abandoned heavy gambling to concentrate on his profession. As lieutenant colonel of the 33rd Foot by purchase, he saw active service in Flanders (1794\u201395), learning from his superiors\u2019 blunders. After failing to obtain civil employment, he was glad to be posted to India in 1796. [PAR] In India he adopted a regimen of abstemiousness and good humour. The arrival of his eldest brother, Richard, as viceroy enabled him to exploit his talents. He commanded a division against Tipu Sultan of Mysore and became governor of Mysore (1799) and commander in chief against the Marathas. Victories, especially at Assaye (1803), resulted in a peace that he himself negotiated. All the successful qualities he later exhibited on"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Rebecca: Characters SparkNotes: Rebecca: Characters [PAR] SparkNotes [PAR] Summary [PAR] Chapters 1-4 [PAR] The Heroine - The novel's protagonist and narrator; we never learn her given name. A shy, self-conscious young woman from a lower-middle class background, she begins the novel as a paid companion to Mrs. Van Hopper, a wealthy American woman. In Monte Carlo, she meets and marries the older, wealthy Maxim de Winter, and becomes \"Mrs. De Winter,\" mistress of Manderley. [PAR] Maxim de Winter - A cultured, intelligent older man, and the owner of Manderley, a prized estate and mansion on the English coast. When the novel begins, he has recently lost his beautiful, accomplished wife, Rebecca, in what the world believes was a tragic drowning. In fact, however, he killed her himself. [PAR] Rebecca - In life, Rebecca was the beautiful, much-loved, accomplished wife of Maxim de Winter, and the mistress of Manderley. Now a ghost, she haunts the mansion, and her presence torments the heroine after her marriage to Maxim. [PAR] Mrs. Danvers - The sinister housekeeper at Manderley. She was fiercely devoted to Rebecca, and remains devoted to her even after death. She despises the heroine for taking her mistress's place. [PAR] Jack Favell - Rebecca's cousin. Lacking integrity and given to alcoholic behavior, he was Rebecca's lover while she was married to Maxim. [PAR] Frank Crawley - Maxim's kind, loyal overseer at Manderley, he befriends the heroine almost immediately. [PAR] Beatrice - Maxim's sister. A friendly, outgoing woman with a passion for horses. [PAR] Mrs. Van Hopper - A vulgar, gossipy and wealthy American woman. She employs the heroine as a companion while she travels from one European resort town to another. [PAR] Ben - A harmless man, mildly retarded, who spends much of his time on the beach near Manderley. [PAR] Colonel Julyan - The local magistrate in the region surrounding Manderley [PAR] Lady Crowan - A local noblewoman who suggests that Maxim and the heroine revive the tradition of holding an annual costume ball at Manderley. [PAR] Baker - A London doctor who saw Rebecca the day of her death [PAR] Frith - The butler at Manderley [PAR] Clarice - The heroine's maid[DOC] [TLE] Rebecca Characters | GradeSaver Rebecca Characters | GradeSaver [PAR] Buy Study Guide [PAR] The Narrator [PAR] Maxim De Winter's second wife and the narrator of the novel. The narrator works as Mrs. Van Hopper's paid companion in Monte Carlo until meeting Maxim and agreeing to marry him. Unsophisticated and timid, the narrator is insecure about her role as the mistress of Manderley and is overwhelmed by the constant reminder of Rebecca in the estate. As the novel progresses, the narrator becomes increasingly preoccupied with Rebecca and ultimately concludes that Maxim is still in love with her. After Maxim confesses the truth to her, the narrator is suddenly free from Rebecca's shadow and can assume her true role as mistress of the house and Maxim's wife. [PAR] Maxim de Winter [PAR] The intelligent and cultured owner of Manderley. At first, Maxim is a mystery, seemingly tormented by the memory of his first wife. He dislikes talking about Rebecca and increasingly detaches himself from his new wife, leading the narrator to believe that he is still in love with Rebecca. After Rebecca's boat is found on the bay, Maxim confesses the truth to the narrator: his marriage to Rebecca was a facade, and he despised her so much that he murdered her in a fit of rage. In the end, Maxim realized that Rebecca manipulated him into killing her so that she would not have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Skateboarding Works - Entertainment | HowStuffWorks How to Skateboard - How Skateboarding Works | HowStuffWorks [PAR] How Skateboarding Works [PAR] Image courtesy Mary Vogt/MorgueFile [PAR] At times, skateboarding bears a striking resemblance to surfing . Both share what's known as a \"side-stance.\" There are three main ways people ride skateboards: [PAR] Regular foot means riding with the left foot forward. The left foot remains on the board, often in the middle section nearest the nose. The right foot is used to push. [PAR] Goofy foot is the opposite of regular foot. It means putting the right foot forward and pushing with the left at the rear. [PAR] Mongo foot is when the skateboarder's rear foot remains in place on the board while the front foot pushes. This is considered inferior by many skaters, as it can reduce speed and control. [PAR] If you don't already know which stance you prefer when learning how to skateboard, see what feels most comfortable. If you're still unsure, pay attention to which foot you use to step forward from a still, standing position. Another test is to have someone push you, as if to knock you over. The foot you put back to catch your balance is the one that should go on the tail of your skateboard while riding. [PAR] Up Next [PAR] The World Cup Quiz [PAR] After nearly five decades of skateboarding, a few main styles have evolved. Let's take a look at these in detail. [PAR] Downhill skateboarding is all about speed. There aren't any fancy tricks involved. Just like downhill skiing, the objective here is to finish a run with the lowest time, and at the highest speed. In contrast, Long boarding is most closely associated with surfing. True to their surfboard counterparts, long boards are meant for cruising and \"carving\" up a concrete wave. They remain a favorite form of transport among surfers, beach goers and on college campuses. [PAR] Freestyle is as close to dancing as skateboarding comes. It consists of manipulating one's board on a flat surface. The tricks are largely technical and revolved around making the board spin, roll and flip in the most creative ways possible. In the past, freestyle competitions included skateboard choreography to music. [PAR] Vert skating, also known as ramp skating, rose to great popularity in the 1980s and continues to remain popular today. It's what many people think of when they think of skateboarding. To put it simply, vert skateboarding is all about catching big air and performing technical tricks before landing. It gets its name from the vertical structures and surfaces vert skaters ride, like half-pipes (large ramps with two inclines on both sides and a flat section in the middle) quarter-pipes and bowls (sort of like wooden swimming pools built especially for skateboarding). Vert skaters have also been known to invade backyards to skate emptied swimming pools, and hop fences to skate in concrete canals and drainage ditches. [PAR] Street skating, like parkour , makes use of the urban landscape in creative ways. Tricks are performed on benches, hand rails, retaining walls, picnic tables, over sets of stairs, shopping carts and parked cars. And that's just getting started. For the street skater, virtually anything is rideable. [PAR] Next, we'll look at some of the tricks that you can do on a skateboard. [PAR] Skate Parks [PAR] Skate parks, like many other parts of the skateboarding industry, have seen their ups and downs. In the skateboarding boom of the 1970s, specially designed obstacle courses, called skate parks, were built all over the country. Some skate parks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shadowlands (1993) - IMDb Shadowlands (1993) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Watch Now [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] C.S. Lewis , a world-renowned Christian theologian, writer and professor, leads a passionless life until he meets a spirited poet from the U.S. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 08 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 12 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 11 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Shadowlands \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 7 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A butler who sacrificed body and soul to service in the years leading up to World War II realizes too late how misguided his loyalty was to his lordly employer. [PAR] Director: James Ivory [PAR] A businessman thwarts his wife's bequest of an estate to another woman. [PAR] Director: James Ivory [PAR] This historical drama is an account of the early life of the future British Prime Minister Winston Churchill ( Simon Ward ), including his childhood, his time as a war correspondent in South ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] The story of the life and work of the Canadian fur trapper-turned-conservationist who claimed to be an aboriginal North American. [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] True story of a transatlantic business correspondence about used books that developed into a close friendship. [PAR] Director: David Hugh Jones [PAR] A young man searches for the proper owner of a ring that belonged to a U.S. World War II bomber gunner who crashed in Belfast, Northern Ireland on June 1, 1944. [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] The passionate Merchant-Ivory drama tells the story of Francoise Gilot, the only lover of Pablo Picasso who was strong enough to withstand his ferocious cruelty and move on with her life. [PAR] Director: James Ivory [PAR] Reporter Ernest Hemingway is an ambulance driver in Italy during World War I. While bravely risking his life in the line of duty, he is injured and ends up in the hospital, where he falls ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] Chekov's Uncle Vanya, transposed to turn-of-the-century North Wales, where the peace and tranquility of a country house is disturbed by the arrival of the estate's tyrannical owner and his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Anthony Hopkins [PAR] Noted author and scholar finds love, then must endure its loss... [PAR] Director: Norman Stone [PAR] A ventriloquist is at the mercy of his vicious dummy while he tries to renew a romance with his high school sweetheart. [PAR] Director: Richard Attenborough [PAR] A young engineer is sent to post-WWII Berlin to help the Americans in spying on the Russians. In a time and place where discretion is still a man's best friend, he falls in love with a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] C.S. Lewis is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] W. H. Auden | Poetry Foundation W. H. Auden | Poetry Foundation [PAR] Poetry Foundation [PAR] Poet Details [PAR] 1907\u20131973 [PAR] English poet, playwright, critic, and librettist Wystan Hugh Auden exerted a major influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Auden grew up in Birmingham, England and was known for his extraordinary intellect and wit. His first book, Poems, was published in 1930 with the help of T.S. Eliot . Just before World War II broke out, Auden emigrated to the United States where he met the poet Chester Kallman who became his lifelong lover. Auden won the Pulitzer Prize in 1948 for The Age of Anxiety. Much of his poetry is concerned with moral issues and evidences a strong political, social, and psychological context. While the teachings of Marx and Freud weighed heavily in his early work, they later gave way to religious and spiritual influences. Some critics have called Auden an \u201cantiromantic\u201d\u2014a poet of analytical clarity who sought for order, for universal patterns of human existence. Auden\u2019s poetry is considered versatile and inventive, ranging from the tersely epigrammatic to book-length verse, and incorporating a vast range of scientific knowledge. Throughout his career, he collaborated with Christopher Isherwood and Louis MacNeice , and also frequently joined with Chester Kallman to create libretti for musical works by Benjamin Britten, Igor Stravinsky, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. [PAR] [PAR] Auden was born and raised in a heavily industrial section of northern England. His father, a prominent physician with an extensive knowledge of mythology and folklore, and his mother, a strict Anglican, both exerted strong influences on Auden\u2019s poetry. Auden\u2019s early interest in science and engineering earned him a scholarship to Oxford University, where his fascination with poetry led him to change his field of study to English. His attraction to science never completely waned, however, and scientific references are frequently found in his poetry. While at Oxford, Auden became familiar with modernist poetry, particularly that of T. S. Eliot . It was also at Oxford that Auden became the pivotal member of a group of writers called the \u201cOxford Group\u201d or the \u201cAuden Generation,\u201d which included Stephen Spender , C. Day Lewis, and Louis MacNeice . The group adhered to various Marxist and anti-fascist doctrines and addressed social, political, and economic concerns in their writings. Auden\u2019s first book of poetry, Poems, was privately printed by Stephen Spender in 1928. Critics have noted that Auden\u2019s early verse suggests the influences of Thomas Hardy , Laura Riding, Wilfred Owen , and Edward Thomas . Stylistically, the poems are fragmentary and terse, relying on concrete images and colloquial language to convey Auden\u2019s political and psychological concerns. [PAR] [PAR] Auden\u2019s poems from the second half of the 1930s evidence his many travels during this period of political turmoil. \u201cSpain,\u201d one of his most famous and widely anthologized pieces, is based on his experiences in that country during its civil war of 1936 to 1939. Journey to War, a book of the period written by Auden with Christopher Isherwood, features Auden\u2019s sonnet sequence and verse commentary, \u201cIn Time of War.\u201d The first half of the sequence recounts the history of humanity\u2019s move away from rational thought, while the second half addresses the moral problems faced by humankind on the verge of another world war. It was Auden who characterized the thirties as \u201cthe age of anxiety.\u201d His 1947 poem by that title, wrote Monroe K. Spears in his Poetry of W.H. Auden, was a \u201csympathetic satire on the attempts of human beings to escape, through their own efforts, the anxiety of our age.\u201d Auden"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II and her 12 Prime Ministers - Gov.uk Queen Elizabeth and her 12 Prime Ministers | History of government [PAR] Queen Elizabeth and her 12 Prime Ministers [PAR] \u2014 No 10 guest historian series , Prime Ministers and No. 10 , The Monarchy [PAR] On her 21st birthday in 1947 Princess Elizabeth broadcast from Cape Town in South Africa: [PAR] I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great Imperial country to which we all belong\u2026God help me to make good my vow and God bless all of you who are willing to share it. [PAR] The Queen\u2019s relationship with her 12 Prime Ministers (eight Conservative and four Labour) over the past 60 years demonstrates how she has fulfilled that vow. [PAR] Churchill was a formidable presence for the young Queen, who remained in awe of the great war leader. At their first audience, Churchill told the Queen he could advise her from a lifetime of experience, but the time would come when she would advise Prime Ministers younger than herself from a similar standpoint. So it has proved. The first of the 12 Prime Ministers younger than the Queen was John Major . Tony Blair and David Cameron were not even born when she acceded to the throne. [PAR] The central assertion about the rights of a constitutional monarch, as defined by Walter Bagehot in 1867, remains as true as ever: \u2018the sovereign has under a constitutional monarchy such as ours, three rights \u2013 the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, the right to warn.\u2019 [PAR] The Queen has exercised all three rights. An early example was the issue of live television coverage of the Coronation in June 1953. Churchill opposed it, and, initially, the Queen was also doubtful. Eventually, the Queen\u2019s view that the benefits would outweigh the disadvantages prevailed. Asked by an old court favourite whether Churchill was attempting to mentor her, as Melbourne had mentored the young Queen Victoria , she replied, \u2018Not at all, I find him very obstinate.\u2019 Nevertheless, she learned much from the old warrior. [PAR] The weekly audience between monarch and Prime Minister remained a fixed point of contact. At these audiences, the Queen found her second Prime Minister, Anthony Eden , a sympathetic listener to her concerns. Dominating their early meetings was discussion of Princess Margaret\u2019s possible marriage to the divorced Group Captain Peter Townsend. The Suez crisis in 1956 led to much speculation about the Queen\u2019s views and what she knew of unfolding events. Eden believed that informing the Queen was of supreme importance and all the Suez papers were sent to her, the first time she was to be shown secret government papers. Their relationship was one of impeccable constitutional propriety and confidences were maintained. The Queen was able to draw on these experiences at later audiences with Margaret Thatcher during the Falklands War. [PAR] The Queen has two prerogatives, to choose, or now to confirm, a new Prime Minister in office and to grant a dissolution of Parliament, triggering a general election. The first prerogative was exercised in 1957 and in 1963 when the leadership of the Conservative party became vacant between general elections. After taking advice from senior Conservatives, the Queen invited Harold Macmillan to become her third Prime Minister, a process repeated in October 1963 when Sir Alec Douglas-Home was appointed. [PAR] At first, the Queen did not find Macmillan easy to deal with. He was unsure whether the Prime Minister\u2019s annual"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 12 Months of the Year - Time and Date 12 Months of the Year [PAR] Calendar with holidays worldwide [PAR] Tracking the Moon's Orbit [PAR] The months of the year originated as a way to mark time and break up the seasons into shorter periods based on the Moon\u2019s orbit around the Earth. Months were invented and first used in Mesopotamia to measure the natural period related to the cycle of the moon. [PAR] Names of full moons [PAR] The addition of January and February moved the months September , October , November , and December to later in the year so they no longer correspond with the original meaning of their names. In the Roman calendar their original names in Latin mean the \u201cseventh\u201d, \u201ceighth\u201d, \u201cninth\u201d, and \u201ctenth\u201d month. [PAR] Is there a perfect calendar? [PAR] There are many calendars that use months to divide up the year. The Islamic calendar, the Hebrew calendar, and the Hindu calendar are a few examples. Although the Gregorian calendar is the most commonly used calendar today, other calendars are still used to calculate certain holidays and annual feasts to correspond with the Gregorian calendar. [PAR] Old Names of Months [PAR] Months in the ancient Roman calendar include: [PAR] Mercedonius - an occasional month after February that would be used to realign the Roman calendar. Today we use Leap Day for this alignment. [PAR] Quintilis - renamed July in honor of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. [PAR] Sextilis - renamed August in honor of Roman Emperor Augustus in 8 BCE. [PAR] How Many Have 28, 30, or 31 Days? [PAR] The Gregorian calendar has 4 months that are 30 days long and 7 months that are 31 days long. February is the only month that is 28 days long in common years and 29 days long in leap years. [PAR] The 12 Months of the Year [PAR] The Gregorian calendar and the Julian calendar both consist of the following twelve months:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Smoky Mountains National Park (U.S. National Park ... Great Smoky Mountains National Park (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] A Wondrous Diversity of Life [PAR] Ridge upon ridge of forest straddles the border between North Carolina and Tennessee in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. World renowned for its diversity of plant and animal life, the beauty of its ancient mountains, and the quality of its remnants of Southern Appalachian mountain culture, this is America's most visited national park.[DOC] [TLE] Summer in the park: Great Smoky Mountains - CNN.com Summer in the park: Great Smoky Mountains - CNN.com [PAR] Summer in the park: Great Smoky Mountains [PAR] By Katia Hetter , CNN [PAR] Updated 10:16 PM ET, Tue May 31, 2016 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Photos: [PAR] A ranger's favorite spots \u2013 Check out our ranger-guided suggestions for your U.S. national park visits this summer. First up in our series: Great Smoky Mountains National Park. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] A ranger's favorite spots \u2013 Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most visited National Park in the country , with 9.7 million visitors last year. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Great Smoky Mountains National Park \u2013 Great Smoky Mountains National Park ranger Caitlin Worth, shown here on the Mount Cammerer Fire Tower hike, spent a lot of her childhood at the park. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Cades Cove \u2013 Don't oversleep on the day you visit Cades Cove . Right after sunrise is Worth's favorite time to see active wildlife there. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Clingmans Dome \u2013 For a spectacular view, walk up to the observation tower at Clingmans Dome . Once you've visited the tower, you can even walk a little bit of the Appalachian Trail. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Mount Cammerer Fire Tower \u2013 Worth's favorite spring and fall hike is to Mount Cammerer Fire Tower, but it's fairly intense: About 11 miles round trip or longer if you hike the loop. It's beautiful in the snow, too. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Oconaluftee River Trail \u2013 While many people (rightly) go to Cades Cove to spot bears, Worth loves to see elk when she hikes the Oconaluftee River Trail . [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Mingus Mill \u2013 The historic Mingus Mill, built in 1886, helps children imagine life in the late 1800s. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 9 [PAR] Photos: [PAR] Gulf Islands National Seashore \u2013 Worth's family took a trip to Gulf Islands National Seashore every year when she was a child, and she credits that park with inspiring her to become a park ranger. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Great Smoky Mountains National Park divides North Carolina and Tennessee [PAR] Visitors to the park can spot bear, elk and spring bird migrations [PAR] There are day hikes for the novice and longer hikes that will make you sweat [PAR] (CNN) [PAR] The boundary between Tennessee and North Carolina might be one of the loveliest border crossings ever: It's the crest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park . Hikers on the Appalachian Trail walk the line between the two states for most of the trail's path through the park. [PAR] Incredible biological diversity is one of the Smokies' standout features. [PAR] Animals and plants typically found"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anderston Railway Station (AND) - The ABC Railway Guide Anderston Railway Station (AND) - The ABC Railway Guide [PAR] The ABC Railway Guide [PAR] Anderston Railway Station Location Map [PAR] Anderston Railway Station Streetview [PAR] Maps are by Google and Open Streetmap. Streetview is by Google. See credits and copyright for more detail. [PAR] Is the location marker in the wrong place? You can help fix that! [PAR] Anderston railway station is a station in Glasgow City. It is managed by ScotRail. [PAR] ABC Railway Guide Ratings [PAR] Nobody has rated this station yet. Rate this station [PAR] We don't have any recent visitor comments. [PAR] Rate this station [PAR] Let us know how you rate this station, on a score from one to five. [PAR] Facilities [PAR] How would you rate the facilities available at this station? [PAR] Design [PAR] Is this an attractive, well-designed station? Or not, as the case may be? [PAR] Ambience [PAR] Hard to define, but you know it when you see it. Essentially, is this a pleasant place to wait for a train? [PAR] Staff [PAR] How helpful and friendly are the staff? [PAR] Overall rating [PAR] Finally, give us your overall score for this station. [PAR] If you like, you can also give us your brief (one-line) opinion of this station. Don't use this for for discussion or to reply to other comments - that's what the comments section at the bottom of the page is for.[DOC] [TLE] Glasgow Central Railway Station - Trainline Glasgow Central Station | Trains to Glasgow Central \u2013 Trainline [PAR] Trains to Glasgow Central [PAR] Share this route [PAR] Glasgow Central was opened by the Caledonian Railway in 1879, and completely rebuilt between 1901 and 1905. The changes extended the Central Hotel that still fronts the station, and added a number of famous architectural features, including the glass-walled bridge that became a popular meeting point for visiting Highlanders \u2013 earning it the nickname the 'Hielanman's Umbrella'. Rail fans can learn more about this historic station on daily guided tours, which include underground vaults and a disused Victorian platform. Glasgow Central's architecture reflects the prosperity brought by the Industrial Revolution, when Glasgow became known as the 'Second City of the British Empire'. That legacy is reflected in the fine Victorian buildings throughout the city, such as the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum. And you don't have to go far to see that Glasgow remained a cultural powerhouse into the 20th century and beyond \u2013 the exceptional Gallery of Modern Art is just five minutes' walk from Glasgow Central. [PAR] Station details & facilities [PAR] All three entrances to Glasgow Central - Gordon Street, Union Street and Hope Street - lead passengers into the main concourse. Platforms 1-15 can be accessed direct from the concourse. Platforms 16-17 are on a lower level, and accessible via stairs, escalators and lifts adjacent to platforms 14 and 15. An 'F' or 'R' beside your platform number denotes the 'front' or 'rear' train. The 'front' train is the one furthest from the concourse. [PAR] Ticket Office [PAR] Ticket Office opening hours : Ticket Office (Scottish Destinations) Monday-Saturday 0545-2330 Sunday 0915-2130 [PAR] Day"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coimetrophobia: The Fear Of Cemeteries | Everplans Coimetrophobia: The Fear Of Cemeteries | Everplans [PAR] Grandfather Writes His Own Thoughtful and Funny Obituary [PAR] Coimetrophobia: The Fear Of Cemeteries [PAR] This article on grief support & loss is provided by Everplans \u2014 The web's leading resource for planning and organizing your life. Create, store and share important documents that your loved ones might need. Find out more about Everplans \u00bb [PAR] Coimetrophobia is the official term for a fear of cemeteries . This word doesn\u2019t describe those who have a mere dislike of cemeteries, but rather those for whom cemeteries bring on an actual negative physical reaction. The symptoms of coimetrophobia may include: [PAR] Shortness of breath [PAR] The inability to speak or think clearly [PAR] A full-on anxiety attack! [PAR] Not your common side effects! So why does an inanimate place elicit such strong emotions? What can someone suffering do to accept this as simply a final resting place and understand that there is nothing to fear? [PAR] To be fair to those who suffer from this phobia, cemeteries have a bad reputation. Most of us are first exposed to cemeteries in the movies, where cemeteries serve as backdrops for terrifying scenes. Whether zombies are coming up from below the ground or ghosts are flying around headstones, we learned not to enter a graveyard alone! [PAR] In the modern era, cemeteries have been moved away from urban life, which means that most of us aren\u2019t interacting with cemeteries on a daily basis\u2014a reality that only serves to make cemeteries seem more foreign, strange, and scary. By distancing ourselves from cemeteries, we\u2019re blocking ourselves from realizing that the image in our minds (zombies, ghosts, etc.) is has nothing to do with the reality of the cemetery. Therefore, this creepy image of the haunted cemetery remains in many minds and only perpetuates the irrational fear. [PAR] Now, that last part is important: this fear is irrational. Cemeteries will not hurt you! I learned early on, \u201cYou only fear that which you don\u2019t know.\u201d So, go and \u201cknow\u201d cemeteries! [PAR] [PAR] If taking a trip to a cemetery seems too daunting (or simply too weird) of a task, then start off easy: Google image \u201ccemeteries.\u201d (I tried this myself before suggesting it; there are actually some really beautiful images online!) Once you\u2019ve gotten comfortable with the images, take the big leap and go to a cemetery. You can do it! [PAR] Once you\u2019ve walked though the peaceful space, you will learn that there is nothing to fear. Cemeteries are tranquil and lush with all sorts of beautiful greenery. Take a few minutes and enjoy them and be thankful that you\u2019ve overcome your fear. [PAR] Written by Elizabeth Meyer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stats and Facts | Wembley Stadium Stats and Facts | Wembley Stadium [PAR] Stats and Facts [PAR] General Stadium Facts [PAR] The famous twin towers have made way for an iconic arch over the stadium, which has been totally rebuilt and is now one of the most modern and breathtaking arenas in the world [PAR] The new Wembley reopened its doors in 2007 [PAR] The stadium is now once again home to the England national side, as well as the FA Cup Final and Semi Finals, The Football League Cup Final, The FA Community Shield, The Football League Play Off Finals and The Rugby Football League Challenge Cup Final. The stadium also regularly hosts other major sporting events including a regular season NFL game and epic music concerts [PAR] The original Wembley Stadium was known as the Empire Stadium, and was built as the centrepiece of a British Empire Exhibition at the end of the First World War [PAR] Though not officially opened by King George V until 23 April 1924, the stadium hosted its first FA Cup final the previous year, when an estimated 200,000 people crammed in to watch Bolton Wanderers FC defeat West Ham United FC 2-0. That match famously became known as the 'White Horse final', as a mounted policeman took to the pitch to keep fans at bay [PAR] The old stadium, named after the north London suburb in which it is located, would serve as the focal point of English football from then until it was demolished in 2003 to make way for the current structure [PAR] Wembley hosted the 1948 Olympic Games and also the final of EURO '96 but, from an English perspective, unquestionably its finest hour came on 30 July 1966, when Geoff Hurst scored a hat-trick to inspire England to a 4-2 extra-time win against West Germany in the final of the FIFA World Cup [PAR] The stadium has a circumference of 1 km [PAR] There are 107 steps in the trophy presentation route \u2013 the old stadium had 39 steps [PAR] The new Wembley encloses 4,000,000 m\u00b3 inside its walls and under its roof. This is the equivalent of 25,000 double-decker buses or 7 billion pints of milk [PAR] The deepest of the piles that form the foundations, at 35 metres, is as deep as the Twin Towers were tall [PAR] The new pitch is four metres lower than the previous pitch [PAR] The stadium\u2019s pitch is enhanced by desso technology which combines synthetic grass with the real Wembley grass to strengthen the surface [PAR] This system provides a consistently high standard playing surface at Wembley and enables the multi use venue to host football, rugby, American football and music events [PAR] The pitch is covered by specially designed protective panels for rock concerts which creates space for up 25,000 fans to stand [PAR] Each of the two giant screens in new stadium is the size of 600 domestic television sets [PAR] The total length of the escalators is the same as a 400 metre running track [PAR] At Wembley trophies are presented to the winning team from the Royal Box rather than on the pitch [PAR] The Royal Box is in the traditional position - in the middle of the north stand - as in the old Wembley Stadium [PAR] Food and Drink [PAR] The Stadium has 34 bars, 8 restaurants, 98 kitchens and 688 food and drink service points [PAR] Approximately 10,500 seated meals can be be served at any one event [PAR] The soft drink dispensers can pour 30,000 cups in a little over"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Symbols on American Money - Philadelphia Fed Symbols on American Money - Philadelphia Fed [PAR] Home > Education > Resources for Teachers > Publications > Symbols on American Money [PAR] Symbols on American Money [PAR] Paper money has circulated in America at least as far back as colonial times. But how did American currency come to look the way it does? What do all the symbols on our money mean? [PAR] Symbolism on the One Dollar Bill [PAR] Look at the image of perhaps the world's most instantly recognizable paper money \u2014 the $1 U.S. Federal Reserve note. What does it mean to you? Despite our familiarity with this particular currency note, many of us have never looked closely at its design and symbolism. As you'll learn as you read on, American currency displays many significant symbols. Once you know what they mean, you may never look at your money in quite the same way. [PAR] $1 Federal Reserve notes [PAR] Perhaps the most universally renowned symbol to appear on American paper money is front and center on our $1 Federal Reserve notes. George Washington, our nation's first president, is a nationally recognized symbol of unity and trust. But he was not always there. [PAR] The $1 legal tender note, issued by the United States during the Civil War, was the first widely circulated U.S. $1 bill (see below). It features Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury. Symbolism was very much on the minds of Treasury officials when they were contemplating the design for the Treasury seal (in red on the left side of the note below). They decided that the number of spikes surrounding the Treasury seal should equal the number of states in the Union, which was 34 before the start of the Civil War. A problem arose because seven states had seceded from the Union by February 1861 and four more left in April of that year. However, the patriotic Treasury viewed the situation as temporary and proceeded to include 34 spikes on its seal. The note shown below was issued in 1862. [PAR] $1 legal tender note, issued in 1862 [PAR] On the front of today's $1 note, you see the modern U.S. Treasury seal (shown below right). The balancing scales represent justice. In the center of the seal, the chevron's 13 stars represent the 13 original colonies. The key underneath is an emblem of official authority. According to the Treasury Department, the original seal, which was very similar to the one shown here, was designed by Francis Hopkinson, a delegate to the Continental Congress. The present, more streamlined design was approved in January 1968. [PAR] U.S. Treasury seal [PAR] Note also the Federal Reserve System seal. Previously, the seal of a Federal Reserve Bank was printed on each bill of all denominations. But beginning with the $100 bill in 1996, a general seal representing the Federal Reserve System began replacing individual Reserve Bank seals, and this general seal is now used on all of our higher denomination notes. The $1 and $2 bills still carry the District seals, which feature a letter that indicates the issuing Reserve Bank. Philadelphia, which is the Third Federal Reserve District, is designated with the letter C on the note at top. [PAR] But it is the reverse side of the $1 note that holds the most meaning. Our Founding Fathers were deeply aware of the importance of symbols. In fact, before the adjournment of the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, a committee was appointed to create a seal that would symbolize America's ideals. The committee"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many sides does a polygon have? | Reference.com How many sides does a polygon have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many sides does a polygon have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A polygon is a plane figure that has \"at least three straight sides and angles,\" according to Oxford Dictionaries. However, polygons can have more than three sides; most have five or more. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The word polygon comes from the Greek roots \"poly,\" meaning many and \"gon,\" meaning angle. When naming polygons, the appropriate Greek number replaces the root for the poly. For example, the word pentagon, which describes a five-sided polygon, comes the Greek word for five, \"penta.\" Some other polygons are the heptagon, the tridecagon, the heptacontagon and the hexahectaheptacontakaidigon. These shapes have seven, 13, 70 and 672 sides, respectively. For polygons with more than 10 sides, many mathematicians use the more manageable \"n-gon\" form; for example, they call the hexahectaheptacontakaidigon a \"672-gon.\"[DOC] [TLE] Tridecagon - Diccionario de Matem\u00e1ticas Tridecagon [PAR] Tridecagon [PAR] A tridecagon or triskaidecagon is a polygon with 13 sides and 13 vertices. [PAR] Regular Tridecagon [PAR] A regular tridecagon is a polygon with 13 equal sides and angles. [PAR] Angles of the Tridecagon [PAR] The sum of interior angles of a tridecagon = (13 \u2212 2) \u00b7 180\u00b0 = 1,980\u00b0 [PAR] The value of an interior angle of a regular tridecagon is: 1,980\u00ba : 13 = 152.31\u00ba [PAR] The central angle of a regular tridecagon measures: 360\u00ba : 13 = 27.69\u00ba [PAR] Diagonals of the Tridecagon [PAR] The number of diagonals in a regular tridecagon = 13 \u00b7 (13 \u2212 3) : 2 = 65 [PAR] Perimeter of a Regular Tridecagon [PAR] Perimeter = 13 \u00b7 l [PAR] Area of a Regular Tridecagon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn English through proverbs (part 1) Learn English through proverbs (part 1) [PAR] 1. \"A big tree attracts the woodsman's axe.\" [PAR] Meaning: Those who make themselves seem great will attract bad things [PAR] 2. \"An apple a day keeps the doctor away.\" [PAR] 3. \"A bad workman always blames his tools.\" [PAR] Meaning: People never blame themselves for what they do [PAR] 4. \" A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.\" [PAR] 5. \"A burnt child dreads the fire.\" [PAR] Meaning: A person who has had bad experiences will shy away from certain things. [PAR] This Proverb intimates, That it is natural for all living Creatures, whether rational or irrational, [PAR] to consult their own Security, and Self-Preservation; and whether they act by Instinct or Reason, it still [PAR] tends to some care of avoiding those things that have already done them an Injury. [PAR] 6. \"A calm sea does not make a skilled sailor.\" (African proverb) [PAR] Meaning: calm times do not show anything; it's the tough times that make you what [PAR] 7. \"A closed mouth catches no flies.\" [PAR] Meaning: It is often safer to keep one's mouth shut. [PAR] 8. \" A coward dies a thousand times before his death. The valiant tastes of death but once.\" [PAR] From William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar [PAR] Possible interpretation: The brave have less to fear than the cowardly. Also: The damage to the soul and pride of the coward for his actions are held in comparison to the life of fulfilment had by the brave. Also: Worrying about a forthcoming disaster may cause as much (or even more) pain as the disaster when it occurs (but does neither change it nor make it easier). [PAR] 9. \"A fool and his money are soon parted.\" [PAR] 10. \"A friend in need is a friend indeed.\" [PAR] Meaning: A genuine friend is with you even in times of trouble. [PAR] Alternative meaning: A person will be very friendly if they need something from you. [PAR] 11. \"A friend to all is a friend to none.\" [PAR] Being a friend to everyone makes none of your friends feel special [PAR] Interpretation: Friendship with all is impossible; disagreement and friction in relations are natural. [PAR] 12. \"A good man in an evil society seems the greatest villain of all.\" [PAR] Meaning: society is what makes good good and bad bad [PAR] 13. \"A half truth is a whole lie.\" [PAR] 14. \"A jack of all trades is master of none.\" [PAR] 15. \"A lie can be halfway around the world before the truth gets its boots on.\" [PAR] A great lie may be widely accepted before the truth comes to light. [PAR] 16. \"A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.\" [PAR] \"A little Learning is a dangerous Thing; [PAR] Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring: [PAR] There shallow Draughts intoxicate the Brain, [PAR] And drinking largely sobers us again\". Alexander Pope [PAR] 17. \"A loaded wagon makes no noise.\" [PAR] People with real money don't talk about it. [PAR] 18. \"A penny saved is a penny earned.\" [PAR] Attributed to Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard's Almanac [PAR] 19. \"A pot of milk is ruined by a drop of poison.\" [PAR] 20. \"A stitch in time saves nine.\" [PAR] Fix the small problem now before it becomes larger and harder to fix. [PAR] 21. \"Absence makes the heart grow fonder.\" [PAR] From Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly [PAR] Interpretation: We miss people when we are separated from them. [PAR] 22. \"Act today only tomorrow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Song Lyrics to Little Boxes, by Malvina Reynolds Song Lyrics to Little Boxes, by Malvina Reynolds [PAR] And they're all made out of ticky tacky [PAR] And they all look just the same. [PAR] And they all play on the golf course [PAR] And drink their martinis dry, [PAR] And they all have pretty children [PAR] And the children go to school, [PAR] And the children go to summer camp [PAR] And then to the university, [PAR] Where they are put in boxes [PAR] And they come out all the same. [PAR] And the boys go into business [PAR] And marry and raise a family [PAR] In boxes made of ticky tacky [PAR] And they all look just the same. [PAR] There's a green one and a pink one [PAR] And a blue one and a yellow one, [PAR] And they're all made out of ticky tacky [PAR] And they all look just the same. [PAR] Malvina Reynolds songbook(s) in which the music to this song appears: [PAR] ---- Little Boxes and Other Handmade Songs [PAR] ---- The Malvina Reynolds Songbook [PAR] ---- There's Music in the Air: Songs for the Middle-Young [PAR] Other place(s) where the music to this song appears: [PAR] ---- 62 Stars, Sixty-two Hits: the Keys-Hansen Book (Hansen Publications, 1963) [PAR] ---- 100 Solos, Saxophone (London and New York: Amsco, 1987) [PAR] ---- Hazel Arnett and Carl S. Miller: I Hear America Singing!: Great Folk Songs from the Revolution to Rock (New York: Praeger, 1975) [PAR] ---- Peter Blood-Patterson: Rise Up Singing: The Group-Singing Song Book [lyrics & guitar chords only] (Bethlehem, PA: Sing Out Corp., 1988), p. 2 [PAR] ---- Broadside: Songs of Our Times..., Vol. 1 (New York: Oak Publications, 1964), p. 15 [PAR] ---- Creative Keyboard Songbook, Volume 2 (New York: Amsco Productions, 1987-) [PAR] ---- Great Songs of the 60's (London and New York: Wise Publications, 1973) [PAR] ---- Kathleen Krull and Allen Garns: Gonna Sing My Head Off!: American Folk Songs for Children (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1990) [PAR] ---- Kathleen Krull and Allen Garns: I Hear America Singing!: Folk Songs for American Families (New York: A. A. Knopf, 2003) [PAR] ---- Jim Morse and Nancy Mathews: The Sierra Club Survival Songbook (San Francisco and New York: The Sierra Club, 1971) [PAR] ---- Milton Okun: The New York Times Great Songs of the Sixties (New York: Times Books, 1970-1974) [PAR] ---- Sing Out!, Volume 13(4) (1963), p. 21 [PAR] ---- Wanda Willson Whitman: Songs That Changed the World (New York: Crown, 1969) [PAR] Malvina Reynolds recordings of this song: [PAR] ---- Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth [PAR] ---- The Ultimate Pollution [PAR] ---- Malvina Reynolds...Sings the Truth (2008) [PAR] ---- Cassandra Records CS-52 (7-inch 45 rpm disc, 1971; flip side \"The Cement Octopus\") [PAR] ---- Cassandra Records CS-53 (7-inch 45 rpm disc, 1973; flip side \"Casitas\" sung by Victor Jara) [PAR] ---- The Best of Broadside 1962-1988 (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW CD 40130, 2000) [PAR] ---- Bread and Roses Festival of Acoustic Music (Fantasy F-79009, 1979) [PAR] ---- Folk Classics: Roots of American Folk Music (Columbia CK 45026, 1989) [PAR] ---- Folk, Gospel & Blues: Will the Circle be Unbroken? (Sony J2K 65804, 1999) [PAR] ---- Washington Square Memoirs: The Great Urban Folk Boom, 1950-1970 (Rhino Records R2 74264, 2001) [PAR] ---- Weeds: Music from the Original Series (Bulletproof RDCD 10830, 2005) [PAR] Recordings by other artists on which this song is performed: [PAR] ---- Graeme Allwright: Joue Joue Joue [as \"Petites bo\u00eetes\"] (Mercury LP 6325 604, 1966) [PAR] ---- Graeme Allwright: A l'Olympia [as \"Petites bo\u00eetes\"] (Mercury"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] milt - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com milt - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] milt [PAR] n fish sperm or sperm-filled reproductive gland; having a creamy texture [PAR] Synonyms: [PAR] edible fish (broadly including freshwater fish) or shellfish or roe etc [PAR] n seminal fluid produced by male fish [PAR] Word Family [PAR] Usage Examples [PAR] Sign up, it's free! [PAR] Whether you're a student, an educator, or a life-long learner, Vocabulary.com can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.[DOC] [TLE] milt - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com milt - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] milt [PAR] n fish sperm or sperm-filled reproductive gland; having a creamy texture [PAR] Synonyms: [PAR] edible fish (broadly including freshwater fish) or shellfish or roe etc [PAR] n seminal fluid produced by male fish [PAR] Word Family [PAR] Usage Examples [PAR] Sign up, it's free! [PAR] Whether you're a student, an educator, or a life-long learner, Vocabulary.com can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Mitt Romney's Real First Name ? (POLL) What Is Mitt Romney's Real First Name? (POLL) | The Huffington Post [PAR] What Is Mitt Romney's Real First Name? (POLL) [PAR] 01/04/2012 05:42 pm ET [PAR] 370 [PAR] Mitt Romney won the Iowa caucus last night. But do you know his real first name? [PAR] Romney eked out a win by the narrowest of margins : [PAR] The former Massachusetts governor emerged victorious over former Sen. Rick Santorum (R-Penn.) by a razor-thin margin of just eight votes. The final results, announced early Wednesday by the Iowa GOP, showed Romney had 30,015 votes to 30,007 for Santorum. [PAR] Despite the victory, Romney was unable to garner 25% percent of the vote. With 99.5% of precincts reporting, Romney won 24.6% to Santorum's 24.5%. In all, more than 122,000 straw ballots were cast, a record for Iowa Republicans. [PAR] Although the results are non-binding when it comes to picking Iowa's 25 delegates to the GOP convention next summer in Tampa, Romney will take a projected 13 delegates to Santorum's 12, The Associated Press reported. [PAR] Vanity Fair polled respondents, asking if they knew Romney's true first name. Just six percent guessed the correct answer, Willard; 20 percent said Mitt, 18 percent said Mitchell and two percent said Gromit and Mittens. Forty-four percent did not know the answer. [PAR] Boston Globe columnist Joan Vennochi wrote on the origins of his name: [PAR] His first name is \"Willard,\" after the hotel magnate J. Willard Marriott, his father's best friend. [PAR] His middle name comes from his father\u2019s cousin, who played quarterback for the Chicago Bears from 1925 to 1929. That cousin's name was \"Milton\" and his nickname was \"Mitt\" -- a totally understandable preference for a football player or a presidential candidate. [PAR] She could not, however, obtain a birth certificate confirming it. [PAR] all-also-on-huffpost[DOC] [TLE] 2 Percent of Voters Thought Mitt Romney's Real Name Is ... 2 Percent of Voters Thought Mitt Romney's Real Name Is 'Mittens' - The Atlantic [PAR] The Atlantic [PAR] See our Newsletters > [PAR] 2 Percent of Voters Thought Mitt Romney's Real Name Is 'Mittens' [PAR] Quick: What's Mitt Romney's real first name? (No Googling!) If you didn't guess \"Willard,\" you're in the same boat as 94 percent of America that somehow still doesn't know all that much about a guy who's been running for president for five years. [PAR] Most Popular [PAR] This article is from the archive of our partner [PAR] . [PAR] Quick: What's Mitt Romney's real first name? (No Googling!) If you didn't guess \"Willard,\" you're in the same boat as 94 percent of America that somehow still doesn't know all that much about a guy who's been running for president for five years. According a 60 Minutes / Vanity Fair poll, a 20 percent plurality of us thought that \"Mitt\" was his real name and not a glove-like nickname. 18 percent said \"Mitchell\"; 8 percent, Milton; and only 6 percent correctly said \"Willard.\" But the most important stat from the survey is that somehow, in some way, 2 percent of real-life adult voting Americans believe that his name is \"Mittens.\" As in what you'd name your cat -- but instead of being a cat, Mittens Romney is a leading contender to be the leader of the free world. Another 2 percent thought his name was \"Gromit,\" which is almost equally as ridiculous sounding (and also, coincidentally, the name of a dog ). Maybe he should just go with \"Mittens.\" Romney needs more people to like him, and the Internet has clearly demonstrated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Countries of Scandinavia The Countries of Scandinavia [PAR] The Countries of Scandinavia [PAR] Updated August 30, 2016. [PAR] Where is Scandinavia: [PAR] Scandinavia is a region in northern Europe . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Europe and it extends from above the Arctic Circle to the North and Baltic Seas. Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region covering much of Northern Europe. [PAR] In the past, Scandinavia has been defined as the three kingdoms that historically shared the Scandinavian Peninsula. Today, most define Scandinavia as a region which includes: [PAR] Finland and Iceland are generally included. [PAR] Greenland , however, is rarely included. [PAR] If you would like to be introduced to the Scandinavian countries and have ever wondered where exactly Scandinavia is, you have come to the right place... [PAR] Denmark: [PAR] The southernmost Scandinavian country, Denmark consists of the Jutland peninsula and over 400 islands, some of which are linked to the mainland by bridge. Almost all of Denmark is low and flat, but there are many low hills as well. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Beware! The 5 Most Common Travel Scams [PAR] Windmills and traditional thatched cottages can be seen everywhere. Note that the Faroe Islands and Greenland both belong to the Kingdom of Denmark. [PAR] Official language: Danish . Capital: Copenhagen . [PAR] Norway: [PAR] Also called \"The Land of Vikings, and the Midnight Sun ,\" Norway is the northernmost country in Europe. Norway has a jagged expanse of islands and fjords. The maritime industry sustains the economy here. [PAR] Official language: Norwegian . Capital: Oslo . [PAR] Sweden: [PAR] Sweden offers numerous lakes and is the largest of the Scandinavian countries - both in land size and population. Volvo and Saab both originated here and are a big part of the Swedish industry. Swedish citizens are independently minded and highly regard their people-oriented social programs, especially in women's rights. [PAR] Official language: Swedish . Capital: Stockholm . [PAR] Iceland: [PAR] With a surprisingly mild climate, Iceland is Europe's westernmost country, the second largest island in the North-Atlantic ocean. Flight time to Iceland is only 3 1/2 hours from the European mainland. Iceland has a strong economy, low unemployment, and low inflation, and its per capita income is among the highest in the world. [PAR] Official language: Icelandic . Capital: Reykjavik . [PAR] Finland: [PAR] Finland is another country where the weather is better than many tourists expect. Finland also has one of the lowest immigration rates in the world. Official language: Finnish (aka Suomi) . Take a look at the weather in Finland , and learn more about the travel destination Finland and its interesting capital Helsinki . [PAR] Now that you know more about Scandinavia's countries, take a look at the maps of Scandinavia and learn more about the capitals of Scandinavia . [PAR] About Scandinavia: [PAR] Scandinavia is considered to be the northern European peninsula that includes the countries of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and several thousands of islands. In modern times, sometimes Finland is considered to belong to this region, if only partially in terms of either culture, travel or political issues at some point. Also, see Scandinavia or Nordic Countries? [PAR] Be sure to explore the country-specific categories on the left to learn more about the countries of Scandinavia, their capitals, and more travel tips! You can also take a look at the Maps of Scandinavia ![DOC] [TLE] Scandinavia travel guide - Wikitravel Scandinavia travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Territories[ edit ] [PAR] Faroe Islands \u2014 an autonomous territory of Denmark. [PAR] Greenland"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mayor Randall M. Winston Jr. - Spin City Characters - ShareTV Mayor Randall M. Winston Jr. - Spin City Characters - ShareTV [PAR] Mayor Randall M. Winston Jr. [PAR] Tall (6'4\"), agile, energetic, and ever-so-confident as both actor and singer, especially on the award-winning ... [PAR] Character Bio [PAR] Randall Winston was the Mayor of New York City throughout Spin City's six-year run. He was played by Barry Bostwick. [PAR] Mayor Winston was a city councilman for ten years prior to becoming Mayor and also a borough President for some time. He is a Democrat (this fact is mentioned only in passing, such as brief references to the DNC). He is a liberal and believes strongly in public education. [PAR] Winston appears to be an intelligent and charismatic mayor who has the ability to connect with voters. Much of this is a carefully orchestrated sham by his, especially Mike. The Mayor is actually unbalanced in a number of ways. He is childish, vain, outrageously dim and often oblivious to events, such as forgetting he is the mayor. He behaves in very odd ways behind the scenes, and sometimes in front of them. He has little or no self-control, blurts things out and generally behaves like a child. He is not, however, without a degree of media skill - he is capable of thinking on his feet and 'winging it' at public events when required. The Mayor also suffers from a lack of focus, letting his mind wander from topic to topic almost at random, and often becoming obsessive and carried away with minor, trivial things. [PAR] Episode Screenshots[DOC] [TLE] Spin City - TV.com Spin City - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] A talented cast provide a sophisticated ensemble comedy, filmed entirely in New York City. Michael Flaherty (Michael J. Fox, Back To The Future), Deputy Mayor and right-hand man to Mayor Randall Winston (Barry Bostwick, I'll Take Manhattan), expertly keeps his co-workers and City Hall under complete control while his personal life often spins completely out of control. With a staff of wildly diverse characters consisting of a neurotic press secretary, a gay activist in charge of minority affairs, a chauvinist chief of staff, a highly efficient accountant, an idealistic speechwriter and an intrepid Mayor's assistant, it's hard to believe anything gets done. After four successful, and hilarious, years, Michael J. Fox left Spin City. And was replaced by Charlie Sheen who played Charlie Crawford (Charlie Sheen, Two and a Half Men), the new, charismatic deputy mayor of New York City. The show's final season was simulcast in HDTV. Nielsen Ratings: #17 in 1996-1997 Season #47 in 1997-1998 Season #25 in 1998-1999 Season #33 in 1999-2000 Season #56 in 2000-2001 Season #66 in 2001-2002 Seasonmoreless"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is a Milliner? Do Dictionaries Have it Wrong? | That ... What Is a Milliner? Do Dictionaries Have it Wrong? | That Way Hat's Blog [PAR] That Way Hat's Blog [PAR] How to Recover Crushed Hats \u2192 [PAR] What Is a Milliner? Do Dictionaries Have it Wrong? [PAR] The dictionary says that a milliner is a person who makes or sells women\u2019s hats. But many hat makers disagree. Many say that a milliner is a person who is far advanced in the art of fine hat making. Simply selling hats in a hat store or making run of the mill women\u2019s hats would not qualify you to be called a milliner; you would be a shop keeper or a crafts woman who makes hats, but not a milliner. Being called a milliner implies a high degree of Mastery of the Art. [PAR] \u201cHe is not a milliner, just a hat seller\u201d and \u201cShe is no milliner, she\u2019s still got a lot to learn before being true master of hat making\u201d are phrases that ring out across the ateliers of hatters. I have heard it said that the dictionary simply needs to update its antiquated notion of what milliner is, since it\u2019s definitions are no longer true. Don\u2019t even ask if you are a hat designer. That is several steps from a milliner. [PAR] Indeed people who hold this rarefied view of what a milliner is, are gatekeepers who defend the realm of the milliner with so much vigor that few people do dare to call themselves a \u201cmilliner\u201d unless they are in fact far advanced in the art of hat making. Those who do may be put on notice that they are violating the spirit of the Art [PAR] Therefore the following dictionaries are hereby put on notice of the need to update their definitions: [PAR] Dictionary.com has definitions from Random House and Collins: [PAR] Random House Dictionary: \u201cA person who designs, makes, or sells hats for women.\u201d [PAR] Collins English Dictionary: \u201cA person who makes or sells women\u2019s hats.\u201d [PAR] Merriam Webster has this definition: \u201cA person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women\u2019s hats\u201d [PAR] American Heritage Dictionary states: \u201cOne that makes, trims, designs, or sells hats.\u201d [PAR] The Concise Oxford English Dictionary has this definition: \u201cA person who makes or sells women\u2019s hats\u201d [PAR] They were Milanese \u2013 The word \u201cmilliner\u201d originated in the 16th Century from a word meaning a native of Milan, Italy or dealer of goods from Milan. The Online Etymology Dictionary (quoted in Dictionary.com ) states: mid-15c., vendor of fancy wares, especially those made in Milan, the Italian city famous for straw works, fancy goods, ribbons, bonnets, and cutlery. Meaning of \u201cone who sells women\u2019s hats\u201d may be from 1520s, certainly in use by 18c.[DOC] [TLE] Milliner | Definition of Milliner by Merriam-Webster Milliner | Definition of Milliner by Merriam-Webster [PAR] Spanish Central: Translation of milliner Nglish: Translation of milliner for Spanish speakers [PAR] Seen and Heard [PAR] What made you want to look up milliner? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Netherlands Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols ... Netherlands Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com [PAR] (conversion rates) [PAR] Twenty Euros [PAR] Ethnicity: Dutch 80.7%, EU 5%, Indonesian 2.4%, Turkish 2.2%, Surinamese 2%, Moroccan 2%, Caribbean 0.8%, other 4.8% (2008 est.) [PAR] GDP total: $709.5 billion (2012 est.) [PAR] GDP per capita: $42,300 (2012 est.) [PAR] Language: Dutch (official), Frisian (official) [PAR] Largest Cities: (by population) Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, Eindhoven, Tilburg, Groningen, Breda, Apeldoorn, Nijmegen [PAR] Name: Netherlands comes from the Dutch word Nederland, which means \"lower land.\" [PAR] National Day: April 30, Queen's Day [PAR] It celebrates the birthday of the former Queen Juliana and is one of the largest, most vibrant celebrations on the Dutch calendar. Flags fly, music pumps and millions take to the streets for a national celebration. [PAR] Religion: Roman Catholic 30%, Dutch Reformed 11%, Calvinist 6%, other Protestant 3%, Muslim 5.8%, other 2.2%, none 42% (2006)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hedgehog Images - Ron Jeremy Net Worth The Hedgehog Images - Ron Jeremy Net Worth [PAR] The Hedgehog Images [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Ron Jeremy [PAR] Ron Jeremy Net Worth is $5.5 Million. Ron Jeremy was born in Queens, New York and has an estimated net worth of $5.5 million dollars. A hugely successful porn star, Ron Jeremy has appeared in or directed over 2000 porn films and is most widely recogn. Ronald Jeremy Hyatt (born Ma... [PAR] Ron Jeremy Net Worth is $5.5 Million. [PAR] Ron Jeremy Net Worth is $5.5 Million. Ron Jeremy was born in Queens, New York and has an estimated net worth of $5.5 million dollars. A hugely successful porn star, Ron Jeremy has appeared in or directed over 2000 porn films and is most widely recogn Ronald Jeremy Hyatt , usually called Ron Jeremy, is an American adult film actor. Nicknamed \"The Hedgehog\", he was ranked by AVN at number one in their \"The 50 Top Porn Stars of All Time\" list. Jeremy has also appeared in non-pornographic films, such as The Chase, Orgazmo, They Bite, The Boondock Saints and 54. [PAR] He is noted for his 9.75 inches penis -and he has gained some notoriety for being capable of autofellatio . [PAR] Ron Jeremy was born in Queens, New York to a middle-class Jewish family; his father, Arnold, was a physicist and his mother a book editor who served in the O.S.S. during World War II, as she spoke fluent German and French. [PAR] Jeremy attended Cardozo High School in Bayside, Queens, where former CIA director George Tenet and actor Reginald VelJohnson were his classmates. He earned a bachelor's degree in education and theatre and a master's degree in special education fr..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Korfball - smm.hubhuman.com Korfball [PAR] [PAR] Korfball [PAR] Korfball is a team ball game, similar in many ways to mixed netball. It is played in over fifty countries. The countries with the most players are the Netherlands and Belgium. Korfball differs from other team sports in that it is a mixed-gender game: a team consists of four men and four women. [PAR] How to play [PAR] Korfball is played either indoors or outdoors on a court divided into two halves called zones. In each zone there is a post (3.5m, shorter for the young) with a basket at the top. This is positioned at two thirds of the distance between the centre line and the back of the zone.The ball is similar to the one used for association football. There are two teams, each consisting of eight players: two men and two women of each team in each zone (attack and defense). Players score by throwing the ball through the other team's basket. After two goals the teams change zones: the defenders become attackers and attackers defenders. At half-time the teams swap halves of the court. [PAR] Philosophy of korfball [PAR] Korfball is a team sport. Individual class is essential but there is no room for individual play. Belonging to a team means teamwork; running with the ball or dribbling is not allowed. A player who receives the ball while running must stop within two steps and pass the ball to another player. [PAR] Korfball is a mixed sport. Men and women play side by side. But while women are equal in the tactics of the game, duels are man to man and woman to woman. One man may guard one man and one woman may guard one woman. So it's not two against one and a woman may not defend a man nor may a man defend a woman. [PAR] Third, korfball is a tactical game. Each team tries to win by scoring more goals using tactical skills of the team as a whole. The rules follow this principle and prevent physical strength from dominating the game. That means that physical contact is undesired. Blocking, tackling and holding your opponent are not allowed in korfball. [PAR] The same goes for kicking the ball or hitting it with your fists. Also, one is not allowed to move the post, which would make it harder to score. [PAR] Another rule that makes this a largely tactical game is that a player may not attempt to score when defended. That occurs when the defender is closer to the basket and is facing his/her opponent, and is at arm's length, and is attempting to block the ball. [PAR] Reputation [PAR] Korfball is a popular sport (especially in the Benelux area) and featured in at least 50 countries with a national Korfball committee. Its emphasis on the unisex aspect, its \"clean\" gameplay, outlawing most physical contact and encouraging players to outsmart rather than outmuscle their opposition, contribute to its popularity. [PAR] Ironically, these aspects also often serve as a foil for ridicule. Korfball players, like netball players, are often ridiculed - both by cynical female and male basketball players. Korfballers reciprocate by saying that it is too easy to shoot baskets, because a basket is lower than a korf and has a backboard. [PAR] However, the popularity of Korfball has remained unbroken, there are many players who play both sports, and its role of being the only true unisex team sport makes Korfball unique. [PAR] International korfball [PAR] Originally, korfball was mostly played in Belgium and the Netherlands. It was a demonstration"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Champions Hockey League - IIHF World U20 Championship Champions Hockey League [PAR] Champions Hockey League [PAR] Past winners [PAR] Champions Hockey League [PAR] The Champions Hockey League was introduced for the 2008/2009 season with champions and top teams from seven European countries. The ZSC Lions Zurich (Switzerland) won the first edition in an exciting home-and-away final against Metallurg Magnitogorsk (Russia). Click here for the 2008/2009 season. [PAR] Due to the global financial crisis the competition was not played after that season but has been reintroduced for the 2014/2015 season under a new structure. The Champions Hockey League is operated by a new shareholder company in Zurich owned by the IIHF, six founding domestic leagues (Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland) and 26 founding clubs from those leagues. Additional teams from these countries as well as from France, Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Norway and Slovakia participate in the inaugural season that includes 44 teams. [PAR] The various stakeholders are represented in the CHL Executive Board that includes IIHF Vice President Kalervo Kummola as representative of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The Champions Hockey League uses infrastructural synergies with the International Ice Hockey Federation with its offices located at the headquarters of the IIHF and the use of the IIHF\u2019s statistical system Hydra. The commercial partner of the CHL is Infront Sports & Media. [PAR] For more information and updates please visit www.championshockeyleague.net ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin ... Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin - BDO World Championships - Betting News | William Hill [PAR] Andrea Calo 12th Dec 2008 - 12:49 [PAR] Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin [PAR] Darts, through its nicknames, stands alone in UK sport. No other sport equals its colourfully monikered cast of characters in this sceptred isle \u2013 and it\u2019s time we paid tribute to it. [PAR] Where US sport has its Babes, A-Rods and Pistol Petes, and the footballers of Brazil wear names like Garrincha ( \u201csongbird\u201d), Ronaldinho (\u201clittle Ronaldo\u201d) and Fred (erm, \u201cFred\u201d), sportsmen in the UK tend to go by names like Alan, Steve, Wayne and, um, Rio. [PAR] Not so our nation\u2019s professional darts players. They add some much-needed colour to the world of sport \u2013 if, no longer, ITV\u2019s World of Sport \u2013 and what\u2019s more, a well-chosen nickname can turn a darts player from a permed also-ran with a beergut into a household name. Just ask Steve \u201cthe Bronzed Adonis\u201d Beaton. [PAR] A good darts nickname gives you an extra three inches at the oche. Phil \u201cthe Power\u201d Taylor has a headstart on Raymond \u201cBarney\u201d van Barneveld every time they meet \u2013 largely because he\u2019s got a proper nickname. [PAR] And, if you\u2019re Keith \u201cthe Kid\u201d Dellar, your own name could even become rhyming slang for the nation\u2019s favourite drink. [PAR] A history of darts nicknames [PAR] The first darts nickname is generally agreed to have belonged to the \u201cCrafty Cockney\u201d, Eric Bristow. According to a story in the Daily Mirror in 2005, he was given the nom de guerre by Bobby George \u2013 then known to the world as \u201cBobby George\u201d, and not \u201cBobby Dazzler\u201d, \u201cMister Glitter\u201d, \u201cthe King of Darts\u201d or any of the other monikers given to the legendary Essex pro. [PAR] Another story mentions an ex-pat pub in Los Angeles that Bristow visited \u2013 that\u2019s how big darts was in the 1980s \u2013 called \u201cThe Crafty Cockney\u201d. The pub produced red bowling shirts with its name emblazoned on the back. [PAR] London lad Bristow bagged himself one to wear on the oche \u2013 up to then he\u2019d traditionally appeared in a red polo shirt \u2013 and the nickname went back to Britain with the darts player. [PAR] Other players of the day soon got nicknames of their own, although most were attributed by others rather than self-chosen (Bobby George almost certainly coined John Lowe\u2019s moniker of \u201cOld Stoneface\u201d) and some \u2013 like Cliff Lazarenko\u2019s \u201cBig Cliff\u201d \u2013 didn\u2019t exactly test the crowd\u2019s imagination. [PAR] By the time Steve Beaton was appearing in tournaments as \u201cthe Bronzed Adonis\u201d in the early 1990s, though, a nickname was an essential part of a pro darts player\u2019s armoury. And with the arrival of the World Darts Council (later the PDC) and darts\u2019 great schism, having a nickname became de facto darts law. The PDC added razzmatazz, family friendliness and Sky cash to darts, and a nickname and entrance music was part of the pro player\u2019s package. [PAR] Plain old Phil Taylor \u2013 winner of two pre-split BDO World Championships \u2013 went on to dominate the game of darts with 11 PDC titles as the more impressive Phil \u201cthe Power\u201d Taylor. [PAR] The BDO soon got in on the act, too, with \u201cthe Count\u201d (Ted Hankey), \u201cthe Viking\u201d (Andy Fordham) and \u201cWolfie\u201d (Martin Adams) all winning World titles. [PAR] With the PDC World Darts Championship arriving soon on Sky and the BDO World Darts Championships following closely behind on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King of the Wind by Henry - AbeBooks King of the Wind by Henry - AbeBooks [PAR] King of the Wind by Henry [PAR] You Searched For: [PAR] Results (1 - 27) of 27 [PAR] Sort By [PAR] ISBN 10: 0689714866 ISBN 13: 9780689714863 [PAR] Used Paperback [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Aladdin Paperbacks, 1991. Paperback. Book Condition: Good. No Jacket. 8vo - over 7\u00be\" - 9\u00be\" tall. Aladdin Books Good small Trade Paperback. Illustration cover by Steve Brennan with design by Rebecca Tachna. Mild edge-wear to extremities, pages clean and unmarked, Illustrations throughout by Wesley Dennis. A Newberry Medal winner. A golden-red stallion, named Sham was born in the Sultan of Morocco's' stone stables. This is the classic story of Sham and his friend, the stable boy Agba. Filled with adventure and horses. New York: Aladdin Books, 1991. 5in x 7.75in tall; 173pp. Bookseller Inventory # 55242 [PAR] ISBN 10: 0689714866 ISBN 13: 9780689714863 [PAR] Used Soft cover [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Aladdin Books, New York, New York, U.S.A., 1991. Soft cover. Book Condition: Good+. No Jacket. Wesley Dennis (illustrator). Reprint Edition. 8vo - over 7\u00be - 9\u00be\" tall. G+/none, used pb, 174pp. Perfect bound, color illustrated stiff paper wraps with black and orange text on upper and black text on spine; slight edge wear; no chips or tears; not spine creased. Interior pages clean, unmarked; b&w drawings throughout. Winner of the Newberry Medal. Binding is tight. Bookseller Inventory # 017184 [PAR] More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 2. [PAR] Bookseller Image [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: SBS, 1971. Paperback. Book Condition: Good. Set of 4 good condition books. Shelfwear to the slipcase. Good condition is defined as: a copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. All of the pages are intact and the cover is intact and the spine may show signs of wear. The book may have minor markings which are not specifically mentioned. Most items will be dispatched the same or the next working day. Bookseller Inventory # mon0006244320 [PAR] Published by Armada Lions (1971) [PAR] Used Softcover [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Armada Lions, 1971. Softcover. Book Condition: Good. 1971. 170 pages. Good condition paperback; as expected for age. Cards, pages, and binding are presentable with no major defects. Minor issues may exist such as shelf wear, inscriptions, light foxing and tanning. book. Bookseller Inventory # 1476372125CD [PAR] ISBN 10: 1903252458 ISBN 13: 9781903252451 [PAR] New Paperback [PAR] Published by Rand McNally, Chicago (1965) [PAR] Used Hardcover [PAR] Published by Rand McNally, Chicago (1963) [PAR] Used Hardcover [PAR] Published by Rand, McNally Company, Chicago (1976) [PAR] Used Paperback [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Rand, McNally Company, Chicago, 1976. Paperback. Book Condition: Very Good. Sixth Paperback Printing. Oversized illustrated wraps with white lettering. Small dampstain tips the lower margin near the spine throughout entire text. Tips of corners bumped. Minor rubbing to all edges. Text is otherwise clean and bright, no marks. Beautifully illustrated throughout by Wesley Dennis. Bookseller Inventory # A11717 [PAR] Marguerite Henry / illust.by Wesley Dennis [PAR] Published by rand mcnally & co (1961) [PAR] Used Hardcover [PAR] Marguerite Henry / illust.by Wesley Dennis [PAR] Published by rand mcnally & co (1965) [PAR] Used Hardcover [PAR] Published by Rand McNally & Company, Chicago (1948) [PAR] Used Hardcover [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Rand McNally & Company, Chicago, 1948. Red Cloth. Book Condition: Very Good+. Dust Jacket Condition: Very Good (in mylar). Wesley Dennis (illustrator). Early"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aestas, the Roman Goddess of Summer--seasonal goddess ... Aestas, the Roman Goddess of Summer [PAR] Roman [PAR] Aestas (\"summer\", or \"summer heat\") is the Roman personification of summer. She is mentioned by Ovid in his Metamorphoses, and She may be his own invention. He describes Her as standing by the emerald throne of Phoebus (the Sun-god), with the other personifications of Time such as the Day, Month, Year, Century, and the Hours and the other Seasons, Spring, Autumn and Winter. She is naked except for a garland of grain or wheat-sheaves in Her hair. [PAR] According to Pliny the Elder, the Summer Solstice takes place when the Sun is in the eighth degree of Cancer. What the Romans thought of as the first day of Summer was considered to take place on the forty-eighth day after the vernal equinox, which Pliny states as the day when the Sun enters the 8th degree of Aries. (By modern figuring, the Sun enters the 1st degree of Aries on the vernal equinox). Using the current calendar, that puts the Romans' first day of Summer on the 7th of May. Silvius, though, considers the first day of Summer to be the 27th of June. [PAR] Ovid's depiction of Aestas may owe something to the Greek depiction of the Horai, the Goddesses of the Seasons. Their number varied with the place and time of their worship, there sometimes being two, three, or four of them, but they were generally shown as garlanded with the fruits or flowers of their respective seasons. [PAR] All art here \u00a92004-2013 Thalia Took. You are free to borrow the images here for your own personal or religious use. If you use any on your personal non-commercial website, please credit the work to Thalia Took. If you can link back to this site, I'd appreciate it. Always ask permission first for any other requests for use of this art. Obscure Goddess Online Directory text \u00a92006-2012 Thalia Took, and please do not reproduce it. Questions or comments? E-mail me .[DOC] [TLE] Goddess of the Month ~ Aestas | The Grateful Goddess Goddess of the Month ~ Aestas \u2013 The Grateful Goddess [PAR] July 2, 2016 [PAR] Aestas, whose name means the fiery heat of the summer sun in Latin, is the Roman personification of summer. She is described as standing by the emerald throne of Phoebus, the Sun-god, and is naked except for a garland of flowers and grain or wheat-sheaves in her hair. She reminds us to be grateful and enjoy all of the beauty and abundance of the summer season. Aestas is one of the Roman\u2019s many personifications of time and seasons. This goddess, in particular, reminds us to live mindfully in the present moment. She is associated with the Summer Solstice and a celebration of all the beauty summer has to offer. [PAR] Inviting Aestas into the Modern Goddess\u2019 World [PAR] Action Steps: [PAR] Spend more time in nature. Nature is a beautiful role model for life. There is a time and a season for everything, it cannot be rushed, pushed or moved forward just because of a desire for it to be. Appreciate nature\u2019s beauty, and acknowledge how easily and effortlessly it is so. The grass does not strain or struggle to grow, it simply allows the sun and rain to bathe and nourish it at the very core and the process unfolds naturally, graciously and beautifully, all in divine time. Reflect on whether you are allowing and receiving in your life or if you are trying to force things to happen. Nature reminds us to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ELTON JOHN LYRICS - Goodbye Yellow Brick Road ELTON JOHN LYRICS - Goodbye Yellow Brick Road [PAR] \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\" lyrics [PAR] ELTON JOHN LYRICS [PAR] When are you gonna come down [PAR] When are you going to land [PAR] I should have stayed on the farm [PAR] I should have listened to my old man [PAR] You know you can't hold me forever [PAR] I didn't sign up with you [PAR] I'm not a present for your friends to open [PAR] This boy's too young to be singing the blues [PAR] So goodbye yellow brick road [PAR] Where the dogs of society howl [PAR] You can't plant me in your penthouse [PAR] I'm going back to my plough [PAR] Back to the howling old owl in the woods [PAR] Hunting the horny back toad [PAR] Oh I've finally decided my future lies [PAR] Beyond the yellow brick road [PAR] What do you think you'll do then [PAR] I bet that'll shoot down your plane [PAR] It'll take you a couple of vodka and tonics [PAR] To set you on your feet again [PAR] Maybe you'll get a replacement [PAR] There's plenty like me to be found [PAR] Mongrels who ain't got a penny [PAR] Sniffing for tidbits like you on the ground [PAR] So goodbye yellow brick road [PAR] Where the dogs of society howl [PAR] You can't plant me in your penthouse [PAR] I'm going back to my plough [PAR] Back to the howling old owl in the woods [PAR] Hunting the horny back toad [PAR] Oh I've finally decided my future lies [PAR] Beyond the yellow brick road [PAR] Visit www.azlyrics.com for these lyrics. [PAR] Thanks to elmo for correcting these lyrics. [PAR] Writer(s): Elton John, Bernie Taupin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Imperial Crown of India \u2013 Imperor Imperial Crown of India \u2013 Imperor [PAR] by Khlyzova Anna February 3, 2015 06:03 1 comment [PAR] The Imperial Crown of India was the crown of three British sovereigns as Emperors of India during the final decades of the Indian Empire. The crown is housed with, but is not part of, the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. [PAR] Imperial Crown of India [PAR] History [PAR] The crown was created for George V, in his position as Emperor of India, to wear at the Delhi Durbar of 1911. The need for the new crown lay in the tradition that the British crown jewels do not leave the United Kingdom. [PAR] King George and Queen Mary travelled to Delhi for the Durbar ceremonies, at which they were proclaimed as Emperor and Empress of India to the princes of India. George and Mary were not crowned as emperor and empress during the ceremonies because the Archbishop of Canterbury, Randall Davidson, did not think it suitable for a Christian religious service to take place in a country where the people were predominantly Hindu or Muslim. Also because, theoretically, the monarch\u2019s coronation in the United Kingdom suffices as a coronation for all his or her realms and territories simultaneously. Instead, George simply wore the crown as he entered the arena where the durbar took place, and the durbar was styled as an announcement of the coronation which had already taken place. [PAR] The Crown Jewellers, Garrard & Co, created the crown at a cost of \u00a360,000 (\u00a35,331,374 as of 2015).It weighs 34.05 ounces (0.97 kg) and is set with emeralds, rubies,sapphires, 6,100 diamonds, and one large fine ruby. The weight of the crown led King George to complain after the durbar that his head hurt.The crown has not been worn since by any British sovereign. [PAR] Design [PAR] Similar to other British crowns, the Imperial Crown of India consists of a circlet topped by four crosses patt\u00e9e and four fleurs-de-lis. However, the arches on top, which join at a typical monde and cross, point upwards in an Asiatic manner instead of curving downward as do other British crowns. [PAR] It is also the only crown of a British sovereign with eight half-arches, in the style of Continental European crowns, departing from the British tradition of crowns having four half-arches. This difference is emblematic of the distinction between the crown of an emperor or empress and that of a king or queen. It may be viewed in the Jewel House at theTower of London, alongside the British Crown Jewels. [PAR] If you found an error, highlight it and press Shift + Enter or click here to inform us.[DOC] [TLE] Emperor of India - Videos - mashpedia.com Emperor of India - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos [PAR] Emperor of India [PAR] NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] [PAR] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] This article is about the official title \"Emperor/Empress of India\". For the list of Indian emperors, see list of Indian monarchs . For the British battleship, see HMS Emperor of India . For the British medal, see Kaisar-i-Hind Medal . [PAR] \"Empress of India\" redirects here. For other uses, see Empress of India (disambiguation) . [PAR] The title Emperor/Empress of India was used by the British monarchs during the British Raj in the Indian Subcontinent from 1876 (see Royal Titles Act 1876 ) until 1948, [1] [2] [3] after India had attained independence from the United Kingdom , when for a transitional period the British monarch was also king of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A 'Robin' Farthing - British Coin Related Discussions ... A 'Robin' Farthing - British Coin Related Discussions & Enquiries - British Coin Forum - Predecimal.com [PAR] British Coin Related Discussions & Enquiries [PAR] Not recommended on shared computers [PAR] Sign in anonymously [PAR] British Coin Related Discussions & Enquiries [PAR] A 'Robin' Farthing [PAR] Rotographic.com Price guide reference book publishers since 1959. Lots of books on coins, banknotes and medals. Please visit and like Rotographic on Facebook for offers and updates. [PAR] [PAR] Some of the current Rotographic books on Amazon. Click the Kindle icon above to see the Rotographic range for Kindle. Click the .epub icon to purchase as .epub direct from Rotographic. [PAR] Predecimal.com . British Numismatic Trade Association Member - One of the most popular websites on British coins, with hundreds of coins for sale, advice for beginners and interesting information. [PAR] 9 posts in this topic [PAR] Guest Fenman [PAR] Hi, [PAR] I have heard mention today of a farthing with a Robin on the reverse. [PAR] The guy is adamant that his mother used to keep them as lucky coins. The same fellow also states that they were different to the wren farthing. [PAR] I cannot find mention of them in Spink or on the net. [PAR] Was he just mistaken? [PAR] Proprietor of Predecimal.com and Rotographic Publications [PAR] Admin [PAR] Location:Europe [PAR] Interests:Nummi gratia fori defensor [PAR] Well obviously British coins. Classic cars (mainly Triumph and other BL masterpieces of the 70s). Heavy old rock music from prog to metal (Pink Floyd, Sabbath, Zep, Rammstein etc etc). I still fancy Kylie Minogue. [PAR] I think the fellow must be getting his British birds confused, which can be a very dangerous thing to do in some circumstances! [PAR] I have never heard of a Robin farthing, just the Wren....Which looks very much like a Robin. [PAR] I think the fellow must be getting his British birds confused, which can be a very dangerous thing to do in some circumstances! [PAR] I have never heard of a Robin farthing, just the Wren....Which looks very much like a Robin. [PAR] Yep, as I thought, Chris. [PAR] It's amazing how hazy people's memories are of yesteryear and how much they convince themselves of a fact that never existed. [PAR] It's like a discussion I had with a guy the other day who maintained that the Raleigh Chopper bike from the '70s was a rather more comfortable ride than the bikes of today. [PAR] Not if you slipped 'spuds first' onto the gearshift it wasn't [PAR] Many thanks for the reply.[DOC] [TLE] British Farthing coins for sale | Chooglin Art British Farthing coins for sale | Chooglin Art [PAR] Buy original British pre-decimal FARTHING (\u00bcd) coins [PAR] Available in 10 coin or 50 coin packs [PAR] Randomly selected coin dates mostly from reigns of George VI and Elizabeth II [PAR] Circulated Farthing coins where we carefully select the best grades available. Circulated coins show wear as they have been used in commerce and circulated amongst the population. [PAR] Our coin prices include free UK and International shipping [PAR] Find out more about the British Farthing - scroll down [PAR] About: the British Farthing Coin, originally a fourthing, or fourth part of a penny was Britain\u2019s tiniest coin with a history stretching back to the 13th century. Fondly remembered by many, the Farthing was a most popular coin. Farthings were often used in \"just under\" pricing such as \u00a34.19.1134d., or 4s.1134d., instead of \u00a35 or 5 shillings respectively. No Farthings were minted after 1956 and were not legal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spain's famous running of the bulls festival begins in ... Spain's famous running of the bulls festival begins in Pamplona's packed streets | Fox News [PAR] Spain's famous running of the bulls festival begins in Pamplona's packed streets [PAR] Published July 06, 2014 [PAR] Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print [PAR] A butterfly rests on the finger of an anti-bullfighting demonstrator a she protest against the bulls runs, on the Ayuntamiento Square in Pamplona northern Spain, Saturday, July 5, 2014. On July 6, the San Fermin festival will begin with the ''txupinazo'' , the opening ceremony with people participating in bull runs, music and dance, through the old street of the city. (AP Photo/Alvaro Barrientos) (The Associated Press) [PAR] Anti-bullfighting demonstrators, with their bodies covered with blood, right, protest against the bull runs on the Ayuntamiento Square in Pamplona northern Spain, Saturday, July 5, 2014. On July 6, the San Fermin festival will begin with the ''txupinazo'' , the opening ceremony with people participating in bull runs, music and dance, through the old street of the city. (AP Photo/Alvaro Barrientos) (The Associated Press) [PAR] A butterfly rests on the finger of an anti-bullfighting demonstrator a she protest against the bulls runs, while displaying a banner which reads, ''You Run. Bulls Die'', on the Ayuntamiento Square in Pamplona northern Spain, Saturday, July 5, 2014. On July 6, the San Fermin festival will begin with the ''txupinazo'' , the opening ceremony with people participating in bull runs, music and dance, through the old street of the city. (AP Photo/Alvaro Barrientos) (The Associated Press)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franklin D. Roosevelt | whitehouse.gov Franklin D. Roosevelt | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Franklin D. Roosevelt [PAR] Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression as our 32nd President (1933-1945), Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. [PAR] Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. He brought hope as he promised prompt, vigorous action, and asserted in his Inaugural Address, \"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.\" [PAR] Born in 1882 at Hyde Park, New York--now a national historic site--he attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patrick's Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt. [PAR] Following the example of his fifth cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt, whom he greatly admired, Franklin D. Roosevelt entered public service through politics, but as a Democrat. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920. [PAR] In the summer of 1921, when he was 39, disaster hit-he was stricken with poliomyelitis. Demonstrating indomitable courage, he fought to regain the use of his legs, particularly through swimming. At the 1924 Democratic Convention he dramatically appeared on crutches to nominate Alfred E. Smith as \"the Happy Warrior.\" In 1928 Roosevelt became Governor of New York. [PAR] He was elected President in November 1932, to the first of four terms. By March there were 13,000,000 unemployed, and almost every bank was closed. In his first \"hundred days,\" he proposed, and Congress enacted, a sweeping program to bring recovery to business and agriculture, relief to the unemployed and to those in danger of losing farms and homes, and reform, especially through the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority. [PAR] By 1935 the Nation had achieved some measure of recovery, but businessmen and bankers were turning more and more against Roosevelt's New Deal program. They feared his experiments, were appalled because he had taken the Nation off the gold standard and allowed deficits in the budget, and disliked the concessions to labor. Roosevelt responded with a new program of reform: Social Security, heavier taxes on the wealthy, new controls over banks and public utilities, and an enormous work relief program for the unemployed. [PAR] In 1936 he was re-elected by a top-heavy margin. Feeling he was armed with a popular mandate, he sought legislation to enlarge the Supreme Court, which had been invalidating key New Deal measures. Roosevelt lost the Supreme Court battle, but a revolution in constitutional law took place. Thereafter the Government could legally regulate the economy. [PAR] Roosevelt had pledged the United States to the \"good neighbor\" policy, transforming the Monroe Doctrine from a unilateral American manifesto into arrangements for mutual action against aggressors. He also sought through neutrality legislation to keep the United States out of the war in Europe, yet at the same time to strengthen nations threatened or attacked. When France fell and England came under siege in 1940, he began to send Great Britain all possible aid short of actual military involvement. [PAR] When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt directed organization of the Nation's manpower and resources for global war. [PAR] Feeling that the future peace of the world would depend upon relations between the United States and Russia, he devoted much thought to the planning of a United Nations, in which, he hoped, international difficulties could be settled. [PAR] As the war drew to a close, Roosevelt's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skeletal, smooth and cardiac - BBC - Home BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Muscles Layer [PAR] Skeletal muscle: Produces movement, maintains posture, stabilises joints and generates heat [PAR] Smooth muscle: Found in the walls of hollow organs [PAR] Cardiac muscle: Exists only in your heart [PAR] Three types of muscle [PAR] You've got around 650 muscles in your body, and they make up roughly half of your bodyweight. These muscles can be divided into three different groups: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. All of these muscles can stretch and contract, but they perform very different functions. [PAR] Skeletal muscle [PAR] The tissue most commonly thought of as muscle is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles cover your skeleton, giving your body its shape. They are attached to your skeleton by strong, springy tendons or are directly connected to rough patches of bone. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, which means you consciously control what they do. [PAR] Just about all body movement, from walking to nodding your head, is caused by skeletal muscle contraction. Your skeletal muscles function almost continuously to maintain your posture, making one tiny adjustment after another to keep your body upright. Skeletal muscle is also important for holding your bones in the correct position and prevents your joints from dislocating. Some skeletal muscles in your face are directly attached to your skin. The slightest contraction of one of these muscles changes your facial expression. [PAR] Skeletal muscle generates heat as a by-product of muscle activity. This heat is vital for maintaining your normal body temperature. [PAR] Smooth Muscle [PAR] Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like your intestines and stomach. They work automatically without you being aware of them. Smooth muscles are involved in many 'housekeeping' functions of the body. The muscular walls of your intestines contract to push food through your body. Muscles in your bladder wall contract to expel urine from your body. Smooth muscles in a woman's uterus (or womb) help to push babies out of the body during childbirth. The pupillary sphincter muscle in your eye is a smooth muscle that shrinks the size of your pupil. [PAR] Cardiac Muscle [PAR] Your heart is made of cardiac muscle. This type of muscle only exists in your heart. Unlike other types of muscle, cardiac muscle never gets tired. It works automatically and constantly without ever pausing to rest. Cardiac muscle contracts to squeeze blood out of your heart, and relaxes to fill your heart with blood."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Andrew Carnegie Biography (Industrialist/Philanthropist) Andrew Carnegie Biography (Industrialist/Philanthropist) [PAR] Birthplace: Dunfermline, Scotland [PAR] Best known as: Steel tycoon who started over 2,800 libraries [PAR] Andrew Carnegie was the 19th century steel tycoon who became one of the 20th century's most famous philanthropists. His life story is one of the best-known rags-to-riches accounts in United States history. Born in Scotland, Andrew Carnegie moved to Pennsylvania with his family in 1848 and began working in factories as a teenager. Hard work and a wise investment in a sleeping car company during the 1850s led to Carnegie's early success in the railroad business as well as the financial world. During the Civil War he invested in oil, worked in transportation for the U.S. War Department and became interested in the iron and steel business. After the war Carnegie concentrated on steel, and by 1888 he owned control of the Homestead Steel Works and other manufacturing plants, which he eventually consolidated as the Carnegie Steel Company. With his longtime partner, Henry Clay Frick, Carnegie competed fiercely in business and tried to quash organized labor, in spite of his belief that it was the duty of the wealthy to help society (a belief he outlined in an influential 1889 essay, \"The Gospel of Wealth\"). In 1901 Carnegie Steel merged with the U.S. Steel Corporation and Carnegie sold out to J.P. Morgan for $480 million, making Carnegie the richest man in the world. After his retirement he became a philanthropist and donated more than $350 million to further public education, build libraries and lobby for international peace. He also created the Carnegie Corporation of New York, endowing it with $125 million to support benefactions after his death. Although he spent much of his later life on his estate in Scotland, during World War I he returned to the U.S., where he died in 1919 at Shadowbrook, his estate in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] During the Civil War, Andrew Carnegie avoided the battlefield by paying a replacement $850\u2026 Andrew Carnegie was a distant cousin to Dale Carnegie, whose 1937 bestseller, How to Win Friends and Influence People, made him a celebrity\u2026 Andrew Carnegie pronounced his last name \u201cKar-NAY-gee.\u201d [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planets - Zoom Astronomy - Enchanted Learning Planets - Zoom Astronomy [PAR] Your age on the Planets [PAR] The Planets (plus the Dwarf Planet Pluto) [PAR] Our solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, many dwarf planets (or plutoids), an asteroid belt, comets, meteors, and others. The sun is the center of our solar system ; the planets, their moons, a belt of asteroids , comets , and other rocks and gas orbit the sun. [PAR] The eight planets that orbit the sun are (in order from the sun): Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune . Another large body is Pluto , now classified as a dwarf planet or plutoid. A belt of asteroids (minor planets made of rock and metal) lies between Mars and Jupiter. These objects all orbit the sun in roughly circular orbits that lie in the same plane, the ecliptic (Pluto is an exception; it has an elliptical orbit tilted over 17\u00b0 from the ecliptic). [PAR] Easy ways to remember the order of the planets (plus Pluto) are the mnemonics: \"My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nine Pizzas\" and \"My Very Easy Method Just Simplifies Us Naming Planets\" The first letter of each of these words represents a planet - in the correct order. [PAR] The largest planet is Jupiter. It is followed by Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, and finally, tiny Pluto (the largest of the dwarf planets). Jupiter is so big that all the other planets could fit inside it. [PAR] The Inner Planets vs. the Outer Planets [PAR] The inner planets (those planets that orbit close to the sun) are quite different from the outer planets (those planets that orbit far from the sun). [PAR] The inner planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are relatively small, composed mostly of rock, and have few or no moons. [PAR] The outer planets include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto (a dwarf planet). They are mostly huge, mostly gaseous, ringed, and have many moons (again, the exception is Pluto, the dwarf planet, which is small, rocky, and has four moons). [PAR] Temperatures on the Planets [PAR] Generally, the farther from the Sun, the cooler the planet. Differences occur when the greenhouse effect warms a planet (like Venus) surrounded by a thick atmosphere. [PAR] Density of the Planets [PAR] The outer, gaseous planets are much less dense than the inner, rocky planets. [PAR] The Earth is the densest planet. Saturn is the least dense planet; it would float on water. [PAR] The Mass of the Planets [PAR] Jupiter is by far the most massive planet; Saturn trails it. Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, and Pluto are orders of magnitude less massive. [PAR] Gravitational Forces on the Planets [PAR] The planet with the strongest gravitational attraction at its surface is Jupiter. Although Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are also very massive planets, their gravitational forces are about the same as Earth. This is because the gravitational force a planet exerts upon an object at the planet's surface is proportional to its mass and to the inverse of the planet's radius squared. [PAR] A Day on Each of the Planets [PAR] A day is the length of time that it takes a planet to rotate on its axis (360\u00b0). A day on Earth takes almost 24 hours. [PAR] The planet with the longest day is Venus ; a day on Venus takes 243 Earth days. (A day on Venus is longer than its year; a year on Venus takes only 224.7 Earth"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dartboard Sequence - MathPages The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5 Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense. It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format. It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as \"flat\" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478 Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the \"London\" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the \"Manchester\" dart board, which has the sequence 20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this 20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10 the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions. Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 which has a sum of 24350. By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the \"21-complement\", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is 1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ... = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ... = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 5 Most Beautiful Canal Cities in Europe - GoEuro Blog 5 Most Beautiful Canal Cities in Europe \u2013 GoEuro Blog [PAR] Benelux Destinations France Germany Netherlands [PAR] We\u2019ve voted Utrecht the most beautiful of canal cities in Europe! While there is no denying the canals of Venice are truly magical \u2013 with many still considering them the most beautiful in Italy \u2013 today they are often tarnished by excessive tourism and tacky romantic souvenirs. [PAR] This top five highlights the cities boasting of equally impressive waterways, dotted with less overpriced gondolas than those in Venice. [PAR] 1. Utrecht , The Netherlands [PAR] Utrecht, The Netherlands [PAR] The canals of Utrecht have something unlike any other inner-city canal in the world: wharfs. These are flat areas at canal level on which boats can dock and unload their cargo. The wharfs lead on to traditional cellars that have mostly been adapted to serve as houses, shops and restaurants. [PAR] During summer, people greet you from the terraces next to the water while enjoying a beer in the sun. The canals make for a great picture from the streets, but the views are most spectacular from the water itself in a canoe, a boat, or on a tour through the water on a waterbike. Floating leisurely down the Oudegracht in autumn, as the late afternoon sun filters through green and red leaves, and you will see why we\u2019ve chosen Utrecht as the most beautiful canal city. [PAR] 2. Annecy , France [PAR] Annecy, France [PAR] Annecy, often called the Venice of the Alps, in many ways surpasses its Italian namesake. The main draw for tourists is the serene beauty and soothing atmosphere of the city. The medieval Annecy is built around the former castle of Lord Annecy, which still forms the centerpiece of the Thiou canal. [PAR] Along the canals run many small, winding paths that take you through the old centre and across the many waterways. The colour of the houses that adorn the canal quays is reflected in the crystal clear water. [PAR] 3. Bruges , Belgium [PAR] Bruges, Belgium [PAR] Bruges is a small historic city in Belgium and a popular destination for couples who often come for the astonishing beauty of the canals. Some bridges lie dilapidated and have not been repaired for years, whilst others are overgrown with plants\u2026 all have their own charm. The canals of Bruges are called \u2018Reien\u2019, and together they encircle the city to form the \u2018Bruges egg\u2019. [PAR] The compact, charming and lively city center along with the friendly locals makes it easy to feel at home. By wandering through the many narrow streets and crossing bridges you will find yourself falling in love with the city like many before you. It is no coincidence that the entire city of Bruges is registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [PAR] 4. Hamburg, Germany [PAR] Hamburg, Germany [PAR] Hamburg is the largest port in Germany, with the city home to more bridges than Venice and Amsterdam combined. It\u2019s not only the quantity but the consistently simple charm of these bridges and canals that won Hamburg number 4 on our list. [PAR] The canals run in straight lines between a mix of old and new German architecture, making for wonderfully symmetrical walkways connected by water. [PAR] 5. St. Petersburg, Russia [PAR] St Petersburg, Russia [PAR] As soon as the sun shines through the clouds and the temperature rises, the canals of St. Petersburg fill with boats. The water provides a perfect opportunity to experience the city from a different perspective, either on an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Percy, 7th earl of Northumberland | English ... Thomas Percy, 7th earl of Northumberland | English conspirator | Britannica.com [PAR] Thomas Percy, 7th earl of Northumberland [PAR] English conspirator [PAR] Thomas Percy, 7th earl of Northumberland [PAR] English conspirator [PAR] Saint Wilfrid [PAR] Thomas Percy, 7th earl of Northumberland, (born 1528\u2014died Aug. 22, 1572, York , Yorkshire, Eng.), English conspirator during the reign of Elizabeth I , seeking the release of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion . [PAR] His father, Sir Thomas Percy (son of the 5th earl), was attainted and executed at Tyburn for his part in the Yorkshire rebellion of 1536 called the Pilgrimage of Grace . His brother, the 6th earl, fearing the consequences, surrendered his estates, and the title fell into abeyance on his death the following year. In 1557, after faithful military service, Thomas Percy was made 7th earl of Northumberland. [PAR] Other honours and services followed, but his Catholicism made him an object of suspicion at the Elizabethan court, and he was passed over in various preferments that he thought due him. After Mary, Queen of Scots, crossed into England and was imprisoned, Northumberland sympathized with her misfortune, as the victim of his faith. By 1569 he was in communication with Spanish envoys and, late that year, joined like-minded nobles in issuing proclamations promising the release of Mary and the restoration of the Catholic religion. Within a month (December 1569) the northern rebels were scattered or killed by government forces, and Northumberland escaped to Scotland. At long last, in August 1572, the Scots handed him over to Elizabeth\u2019s officers on payment of \u00a32,000. He was beheaded in the marketplace at York. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History Malcolm X The Ballot Or The Bullet - YouTube History Malcolm X The Ballot Or The Bullet - YouTube [PAR] History Malcolm X The Ballot Or The Bullet [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Oct 19, 2013 [PAR] \"The Ballot or the Bullet\" is the name of a public speech by human rights activist Malcolm X. In the speech, which was delivered on April 3, 1964, at Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio. Malcolm advised African-Americans to judiciously exercise their right to vote, but he cautioned that if the government continued to prevent African-Americans from attaining full equality, it might be necessary for them to take up arms. It was ranked 7th in the top 100 American speeches of the 20th century by 137 leading scholars of American public address.[DOC] [TLE] Malcolm X: The Ballot or the Bullet - Paul Gorski Malcolm X: The Ballot or the Bullet [PAR] The Ballot or the Bullet [PAR] by Malcolm X [PAR] April 3, 1964 [PAR] Cleveland, Ohio [PAR] Mr. Moderator, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: I just can't believe everyone in here is a friend, and I don't want to leave anybody out. The question tonight, as I understand it, is \"The Negro Revolt, and Where Do We Go From Here?\" or What Next?\" In my little humble way of understanding it, it points toward either the ballot or the bullet. [PAR] Before we try and explain what is meant by the ballot or the bullet, I would like to clarify something concerning myself. I'm still a Muslim; my religion is still Islam. That's my personal belief. Just as Adam Clayton Powell is a Christian minister who heads the Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York, but at the same time takes part in the political struggles to try and bring about rights to the black people in this country; and Dr. Martin Luther King is a Christian minister down in Atlanta, Georgia, who heads another organization fighting for the civil rights of black people in this country; and Reverend Galamison, I guess you've heard of him, is another Christian minister in New York who has been deeply involved in the school boycotts to eliminate segregated education; well, I myself am a minister, not a Christian minister, but a Muslim minister; and I believe in action on all fronts by whatever means necessary. [PAR] Although I'm still a Muslim, I'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. I'm not here to try and change your religion. I'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because it's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist. Whether you're educated or illiterate, whether you live on the boulevard or in the alley, you're going to catch hell just like I am. We're all in the same boat and we all are going to catch the same hell from the same man. He just happens to be a white man. All of us have suffered here, in this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vergil \u2013 Ancient Rome \u2013 Classical Literature Vergil - Ancient Rome - Classical Literature [PAR] Back to Top of Page [PAR] Vergil (or Virgil) was one of ancient Rome's greatest poets. His influence on the world's literature has been immeasurable, and his works (along with those of Seneca , Cicero, Ovid , Aristotle and Plato) have been continuously read throughout the Middle Age and up to the present day. His epic \ufffdThe Aeneid\ufffd is considered his magnum opus, as well as Rome's national epic, and has served as a model of literature ever since, but he also wrote much bucolic and didactic poetry. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Back to Top of Page [PAR] Publius Vergilius Maro (known in the English speaking world as Vergil or Virgil) was born in 70 BCE in the village of Andes, near Mantua, in what was then Cisalpine Gaul and is now northern Italy. From the sparse biographical details we have, it appears that his family was of modest means, but wealthy enough to send the young Vergil away for his education in Cremona and Mediolanum. He later moved to Rome to further his studies in rhetoric, medicine and astronomy, although he soon started to focus more on philosophy (particularly Epicureanism, which he studied under Siro the Epicurean) and to begin writing poetry. [PAR] After the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE and the defeat of Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BCE by Mark Antony and Octavian, Vergil\ufffds family\ufffds estate near Mantua was expropriated (although he was later able to recover it, through the assistance of two influential friends, Asinius Pollio and Cornelius Gallus). Inspired by the promise of the youthful Octavian, he wrote his \ufffdThe Bucolics\ufffd (also known as the \ufffdEclogues\ufffd ), published in 38 BCE and performed with great success on the Roman stage, and Vergil became an overnight celebrity, legendary in his own lifetime. [PAR] He soon became part of the circle of Gaius Maecenas, Octavian's capable right hand man and an important patron of the arts, and through him gained many connections with other leading literary figures of the time, including Horace and Lucius Varius Rufus. He spent the ensuing years, from about 37 to 29 BCE, working on a longer didactic poem called \ufffdThe Georgics\ufffd , which he dedicated to Maecenas in 29 BCE. [PAR] When Octavian assumed the honorific title Augustus and established the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, he commissioned Vergil to write an epic poem to glorify Rome and the Roman people, and he worked on the twelve books of \ufffdThe Aeneid\ufffd throughout the last ten years of his life. In 19 BCE, Vergil travelled to Greece and Asia Minor in order to see at first hand some of the settings of his epic. But he caught a fever (or possibly sunstroke) while in the town of Megara, and died in Brundisium, near Naples, at the age of 51, leaving \ufffdThe Aeneid\ufffd unfinished. [PAR] Writings [PAR] Back to Top of Page [PAR] Vergil\ufffds \ufffdBucolics\ufffd , also known as the \ufffdEclogues\ufffd , are a series of ten short pastoral poems on rural subjects, which he published in 38 BCE (bucolics as a genre had been pioneered by Theocritus in the 3rd Century BCE). The poems were supposedly inspired by the promise of the youthful Octavian, and they were performed with great success on the Roman stage. Their mix of visionary politics and eroticism made Vergil an overnight celebrity, legendary in his own lifetime. [PAR] \ufffdThe Georgics\ufffd , a longer didactic poem which he dedicated to his patron Maecenas in 29 BCE,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French/Vocabulary/Animals - Wikibooks, open books for an ... French/Vocabulary/Animals - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] French/Vocabulary/Animals [PAR] Domestic animals: les animaux domestiques; pets: les animaux familiers[ edit ] [PAR] A dog: un chien [PAR] A goldfish: un poisson rouge [PAR] A Guinea pig: un cochon d'Inde [PAR] A rabbit: un lapin [PAR] Farm animals: les animaux de la ferme[ edit ] [PAR] a cow: une vache [PAR] a pig: un porc, un cochon [PAR] a sow: une truie [PAR] a chicken: un poulet (as food) [PAR] a hen: une poule [PAR] Sea creatures: les animaux de la mer[ edit ] [PAR] a shark: un requin [PAR] a starfish: une \u00e9toile de mer [PAR] a seal: un phoque [PAR] a turtle: une tortue marine [PAR] a dolphin: un dauphin [PAR] a killer whale: un \u00e9paulard, une orque [PAR] an eel: une anguille [PAR] A Sea Bream: une dorade [PAR] Reptiles and amphibians: les reptiles et les amphibiens[ edit ] [PAR] a snake : un serpent [PAR] a grass snake: une couleuvre [PAR] a crocodile: un crocodile [PAR] a tortoise: une tortue terrestre [PAR] a salamander: une salamandre [PAR] Large mammals: les grands mammif\u00e8res[ edit ] [PAR] a bear: un ours [PAR] a polar bear: un ours polaire [PAR] a panther: une panth\u00e8re [PAR] a buffalo: un buffle, un bison [PAR] a hippopotamus: un hippopotame [PAR] a wild boar: un sanglier [PAR] a camel: un chameau [PAR] Small mammals: les petits mammif\u00e8res[ edit ] [PAR] a hare: un li\u00e8vre [PAR] a raccoon: un raton laveur [PAR] an otter: une loutre [PAR] a turkey: un dindon, une dinde [PAR] a pheasant: un faisan [PAR] Insects & arthropods: les insectes et les arthropodes[ edit ] [PAR] a caterpillar: une chenille [PAR] a moth: un papillon de nuit [PAR] a worm: un ver [PAR] a silkworm: un ver \u00e0 soie [PAR] an earthworm: un ver de terre [PAR] a beetle: un scarab\u00e9e, un col\u00e9opt\u00e8re [PAR] a cricket: un grillon, un cri-cri (invariable) [PAR] a grasshopper: une sauterelle [PAR] a centipede: un mille-pattes (invariable) [PAR] a fly: une mouche [PAR] a bedbug: une punaise des lits [PAR] a ladybug: une coccinelle [PAR] a cockroach: un cafard, une blatte [PAR] a dragonfly: une libellule"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fiction | The History Man - MALCOLM BRADBURY MALCOLM BRADBURY writer & critic | Fiction | The History Man [PAR] EATING PEOPLE IS WRONG [PAR] WELCOME BACK TO THE HISTORY MAN \u2013 FIRST COMMISSIONED BY THE SUNDAY TIMES, PUBLISHED IN LIAR'S LANDSCAPE Malcolm Bradbury [PAR] Just over 30 years ago, I invented, for fictional purposes, a character who quite wonderfully turned into a long-lasting literary figure. His name was Howard Kirk, he was a radical university lecturer, and he appeared in a satirical novel called The History Man (1975). Howard, the 'history man,' then took on a splendid new lease of life when, after Mrs Thatcher had come to power, he was played by a magnetic and Zapata-moustached Anthony Sher in the BBC-TV dramatization of the story. [PAR] I say I invented Howard Kirk, and yet no character ever came my way more naturally. He was an entirely familiar figure on every modern campus \u2013 if, like me, you happened to teach in one of those bright concrete-and-glass new universities that sprang up over the Sixties in Britain, and right across Europe and the USA. [PAR] Most people then on campus knew a Howard Kirk. He was the easy-going left-wing lecturer from the Swinging Sixties who had seen it happen, seen it fail, and had to live through what came next: the Sagging Seventies. Always radical, always seductive, always seducing, he was eternally on the side of the students against the fascistic institution that paid his salary, and always against those who were over thirty, even if he was himself 35. [PAR] Howard believed in history, progressive history, and where it was inevitably leading us. As he said, if you wanted to understand, you needed to know a little Marx, a little Freud, and a little history. Yet the subject he taught wasn't history at all, but something vastly more 'trendy' (as everyone said then). Howard taught Sociology. And sociology was the most fashionable, radical and popular of all subjects in the academic canon of the day. [PAR] In new universities like mine it acquired special place, as one of those inter-locking, inter-disciplinary subjects that allowed us to widen and re-integrate the great map of learning. It united philosophy, political science, anthropology, economics, history, cultural and popular studies, literature and art in a spirit of quasi-scientific objectivity. [PAR] It was high theory, the most conceptual of subjects \u2013 and yet it was data-based, empirical, very hands on. It was a master subject, offering an over-arching account of all social phenomena, entire historical epochs or ideologies \u2013 yet it was fascinated by the topical and the ephemeral. It was a 'value-free' approach to the world \u2013 yet it was also political. It stood beyond ideology, yet was a super-ideology. [PAR] Sociology had a glorious heyday in the Sixties and then began to fragment and die -- not as a discipline among others, but as the great discipline, the key to all knowledge. In this process it seems I played a part. In an interesting article in the January issue of Prospect, \"Return of Sociology,\" Ian Christie, deputy director of the think-tank Demos, says the turning point was clear. [PAR] It was the appearance of The History Man in 1975 that led to the backlash against sociology, when \"Bradbury's demolition of his anti-hero's hypocrisies and pretensions was hailed as though he headed up an army relieving a city beseiged by Marxist academics.\" In fact I had no armies, and even I don't believe novels make that kind of difference. But out went the baby with the bathwater, says Christie, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Netherlands State Symbols, Song, Flags and More ... Netherlands State Symbols, Song, Flags and More - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Animal: Lion [PAR] Coat of Arms: [PAR] Coat of Arms: The royal coat of arms is placed on a mantle of ermine surmounted by a crown. The coat of arms date from 1815, when the Kingdom of the Netherlands was founded. [PAR] It is the same as the Dutch national coat of arms. It originates from the county of Nassau in Germany, and the central lion is the same as the lion on the oldest coat of arms of Nassau, dating from the 13th century. [PAR] Flag of Netherlands [PAR] Flower: Tulip (unofficial) [PAR] Note: Though not official symbols of the Netherlands, tulips, windmills and wooden shoes are widely associated with the country. Perhaps no one item symbolized the Netherlands more succinctly than the tulip. [PAR] The Netherlands produce approximately nine billion flower bulbs annually. That incredible number of bulbs would allow for almost two flower bulbs for every person on the planet. Of those bulbs, the tulip (in a variety of colors) remains the most popular and widely recognized bulb by gardeners worldwide. [PAR] Motto: \"Ik zal handhaven\" \"I will maintain\" [PAR] National Anthem: \"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe\" (\"William of Nassau\"); lyrics are widely considered written by the poet, Philips van Marnix, Seigneur of Sint Aldegonge. Source of music is unknown. [PAR] See Also[DOC] [TLE] National Animals from Around the World - Gadling National Animals from Around the World - Gadling [PAR] Gadling [PAR] Sign up for our newsletters [PAR] Gadling [PAR] by Justin Glow on [PAR] Jul 16, 2007 [PAR] Six countries around the world have the eagle as their national animal: Albania, Germany, and Nigeria each share the regular, run-of-the-mill eagle, while Mexico, Poland, and the United States associate themselves with the Golden Eagle, White-tailed Eagle, and Bald Eagle (pictured), respectively. [PAR] Five countries each honor the lion as a political symbol: Bulgaria, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Singapore, and Sri Lanka, while three countries chose the tiger: Bangladesh (Royal Bangal), India (Bengal), and South Korea (Amur). Finland and Russia are bears. Oh my! [PAR] Aside from the aforementioned eagles, many nations elect birds to represent their political drive: [PAR] Estonia: Barn Swallow [PAR] Pakistan: Markhor [PAR] Peru: Vicu\u00f1a [PAR] Surprisingly, Spain\u2019s national animal is the bull. You\u2019d think they would have picked an animal that isn\u2019t routinely killed for fun. It would be like the United States holding a week-long festival where revelers are encouraged to jump into a giant cage filled with rabid bald eagles. Spectators would then be urged to goad the eagles until they either lose interest and fly off, die, or forcibly insert their beaks into the eyes of their torturers. What fun! [PAR] The Chinese had a hard time deciding on which animal to choose to represent their country, so they went with three: the Chinese Dragon, the Crane, and the Giant Panda. It\u2019s tough to call a the Chinese Dragon an animal, however, because it\u2019s mythical. The Giant Panda is very real, and very endangered, with an estimated 2,000 left in the entire world. They\u2019re also what\u2019s known as a living fossil , which is \u201can informal term for any living species (or clade) of organism which seems to be the same as a species otherwise only known from fossils and has no close living relatives,\u201d according to Wikipedia. [PAR] And let\u2019s not forget these other countries and their national animals, many of which I had never heard of until now: [PAR] Belarus \u2014 Wisent (bison) [PAR] Saint Kitts and Nevis \u2014 Vervet Monkey"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 29 Tips on Liverpool Warnings or Dangers - Stay Safe! 29 Tips on Liverpool Warnings or Dangers - Stay Safe! [PAR] [PAR] Liverpool Do The Double: River Cruise and Open Top City Sightseeing Bus Tour Combination Ticket [PAR] \"Please arrive at least 15 minutes prior to sailing to redeem your ticket as the ferry departs on the hour between 10am \u2013 4pm.On board this 50-minute river cruise visitors will discover the well-loved legacy of Liverpool and the river Mersey with its musical and maritime history. From The Beatles performing on the Riverboat Shuffle cruises in the early 1960s to tales of smuggling this ferry carries a cargo of memories. Just sit back and enjoy the fascinating commentary wonder at the wildlife and absorb the heritage.Departing hourly the 50-minute river experience sails from Liverpool Pier Head calling at Seacombe and Woodside [PAR] [PAR] \"Liverpool Experience including River Cruise [PAR] Liverpool Experience\"Please arrive at least 15 minutes prior to sailing to redeem your ticket as the ferry departs on the hour between 10am \u2013 4pm.On board this 50-minute river cruise visitors will discover the well-loved legacy of Liverpool and the river Mersey with its musical and maritime history. From The Beatles performing on the Riverboat Shuffle cruises in the early 1960s to tales of smuggling this ferry carries a cargo of memories. Just sit back and enjoy the fascinating commentary wonder at the wildlife and absorb the heritage.Departing hourly the 50-minute river experience sails from Liverpool Pier Head [PAR] [PAR] Mersey River Explorer Cruise from Liverpool [PAR] \"Whether you\u2019re looking for a relaxing way to see Liverpool or you want a full day of family-friendly attractions the Mersey River Explorer Cruise with optional upgrades is your ticket to Liverpool fun. The standard Mersey River Explorer Cruise lasts a leisurely 50-minutes with scheduled stops at Seacombe and Birkenhead Woodside ports. Enjoy the cruise as a hop-on hop-off tour to see what interests you most - simply hop off when you want and re-board the boat when you're ready to continue to the next stop.While taking in views of Liverpool's riverside architecture and wildlife you can listen to entertaining audio commentary about the River Mersey's fascinating maritime history. Hear tales of smuggling music and war - three diverse influences that have touched this friendly city over the years and given it a unique charm.Make a full day of it by upgrading your hop-on hop-off cruise to include tickets to the Spaceport attraction at Seacombe. Thi interactive exhibits and audio-visual experiences. Highlights include a \"\"Wallace and Gromit in Space\"\" feature - a themed display that showcases the popular main characters from the British animated short films. Alternatively[DOC] [TLE] Toxteth, 1981: the summer Liverpool burned \u2013 by the rioter ... Toxteth, 1981: the summer Liverpool burned \u2013 by the rioter and economist on opposite sides | Cities | The Guardian [PAR] Cities [PAR] Toxteth, 1981: the summer Liverpool burned \u2013 by the rioter and economist on opposite sides [PAR] In an extract from his new book , Andy Beckett gets an extraordinary insight into the 1981 Toxteth riots \u2013 from the Liverpool-based economist advising Margaret Thatcher\u2019s government, and a rioter enraged by their controversial policies [PAR] Toxteth, July 1981: \u2018Each evening, some of us would walk out into Parliament Street in balaclavas.\u2019 Photograph: ANL/Rex Shutterstock [PAR] Cities is supported by [PAR] Monday 14 September 2015 02.30 EDT [PAR] Last modified on Tuesday 19 July 2016 09.14 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] For much of the postwar period, Britain imported more than it exported. The resulting trade deficits were widely seen as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Forensic Osteology - Parkland College What is Forensic Osteology [PAR] [PAR] What is Forensic Osteology? [PAR] The simplest definition of Forensic Osteology is that it is the application of the study of bones (osteology) to the field of forensic science. Whereas a Medical Examiner (aka - ME, and usually a trained forensic pathologist) is experienced in dealing with bodies that still retain soft tissues, the field of forensic osteology deals almost exclusively with skeletal material, and the manner in which the skeletonization occurred. On a comparative note - Forensic Anthropology adds to the field of osteology by combining archaeological field techniques with the area of skeletal anatomy. A more detailed description of forensic anthropology can be seen at the website for the American Board of Forensic Anthropology . [PAR] [PAR] France Casting [PAR] Anatomical background [PAR] For the 2-day Forensic Osteology workshops, it is assumed that all participants will have a fundamental understanding and working knowledge of human anatomy, especially skeletal anatomy, i.e., you should be able to at least identify all of the major bones and landmarks of the human skeleton. The structure list for 2-day workshops can be accessed by clicking the following link: Osteology List [PAR] For those not possessing such a background - all is not lost. Some excellent anatomy sites are located at the following URLs: [PAR] http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm [PAR] [PAR] A few hours time at the above sites should bring most of the non-anatomists \"up to speed\" as far as the anatomy and terminology are concerned. [PAR] The following texts are quite useful for reference: [PAR] Human Osteology, by William M. Bass (ISBN: 0-943414-81-4) [PAR] The Human Bone Manual, by Tim D. White & Pieter A Folkens (ISBN: 0-12-088467-4) [PAR] Introduction to Forensic Anthropology - A Textbook, by Steven N. Byers (ISBN: 0-205-43538-6) [PAR] Forensic Osteology - Advances in the Identification of Human Remains, (2nd ed.) edited by Kathleen J. Reichs [PAR] (ISBN: 0-398-06804-6) [PAR] Additional/alternative workshops [PAR] As previously mentioned, this is a course designed for those needing introductory-level exposure to forensic osteology. Those already possessing a significant working knowledge of forensic science and forensic osteology/anthropology would be best served by taking one of the more in-depth forensic anthropology \"short courses\" offered at various colleges and universities around the country. [PAR] I can highly recommend any of the NSF-sponsored Chautauqua short courses, as well as any of the summer short courses offered through the Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute at Mercyhurst College , Erie, PA. The facilities and the faculty are some of the best you will ever encounter! Please note that Mercyhurst also offers a Master of Science degree in Forensic and Biological Anthropology. Baccalaureate students considering an MS degree in the field of forensic anthropology, or a related area, should certainly investigate the program at Mercyhurst. [PAR] Additional workshops are offered through the Anthropology Department at the University of Tennessee - Knoxville, and these often include time spent at the \"Body Farm\" (Anthropology Research Facility). The faculty & staff at UT-K are absolutely stellar! I have also attended the AFIP/NTSB short course, and it is well worth attending as well!. ( Armed Forces Institute of Pathology ) While it does not go into the depth that the Mercyhurst or UT-K workshops do, it provides an excellent introduction into all aspects of forensic anthropology. A logical plan would be to attend the AFIP course one year, followed by some of the Mercyhurst and/or UT-K courses each of the following Summers. [PAR] [PAR] TENTATIVE TOPICS FOR 2-DAY WORKSHOP [PAR] [PAR] Link to Announcement Page - for participants who have already registered. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tango & Cash Movie - The 80s Movies Rewind Tango & Cash Movie - The 80s Movies Rewind [PAR] More from Tango & Cash [PAR] It's 1989 and Both Kurt Russell and Sylvester Stallone need a hit. Naturally in the decade of big-budget commercial action films, neither the actors nor the studio want to take a risk, so we get \"Tango & Cash\". [PAR] This is really quite a charming film. It tells the story of two seperate policemen from two seperate precints Ray Tango (Stallone) & Gabriel Cash (Russell) and how they both play a pivotal role in the lives of each other. Both are from different sides of LA. [PAR] Disciplined and prisitine Tango wears a three-peice suit to work and is practically a yuppie, spending as much time on the phone to his stockbroker as he works on cases. When his Sarge asks him why he bothers doing the job since he has enough money he simply responds \"for the adventure\" (or something similar). [PAR] Meanwhile, Gabriel Cash is a little more un-restrained, thriving in the theatre of blue-collar fly-by-the-seat-of-your-pants policework. [PAR] Although both have varying approaches to crime fighting, they are the respective \"top cops\" of their side of the city, making high-profile busts and arrests. In fact they're both so good at what they do, they frequently make the headlines in the papers for their heroic actions on duty, whilst at the same time incurring the ire of criminal bosses. [PAR] Eventually however, they pick up the same line of investigation on a narcotics case and bump into each other at a warehouse, each going in to make the bust. After accusing each other of being \"the /second/ best cop in LA\" Tango & Cash hastily break the door down, only to walk into a carefully planned sting. [PAR] The setup is immaculate, they are caught in a room with a dead body (which looks like it's been shot by Cash's gun), a haul of drugs, and a brief-case full of cash. Arressted at trial they learn the extent of the foul-play as the prosecution plays extremely incriminating audio samples of the suspects. Faced with a mountain of evidence, they consult each other and decide to plea-bargain in the hopes of getting an 18-month sentence at a minimum security jail. [PAR] Instead they get a far heavier sentence at a maximumm security prison. [PAR] Naturally being policemen they're not popular with the other inmates and soon realise that whether they stay in Prison or escape they are going to be dead men. However, at least on the outside they have a chance to clear their names, hence they plan an escape... [PAR] The film itself is an fast-paced work of cinema typical of the decade. Part \"buddy\" movie, part out & out action flick, Tango & Cash moves along at a good pace and doesn't get too boring. The actors make the most of a decent script and their characters are always quipping at each other. They're competitive but find a respect for each others methods, and personality. [PAR] Forced to work togather at first, they quickly discover they make an efficient and energetic team, frequently not even needing to verbally communicate, as they operate on the exact same level of professional brilliance that has made them the best of their respective divisions. [PAR] The Scene where they both realise through different yet equally detailed observations where the criminal is hiding was nicely done, as was typical role 'reversal' that takes place when Tango's sister is kidnapped, and he reacts emotionally, leaving Cash"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert pints U.K. pt Imperial into fluid ounces U.K. fl ... Convert pints U.K. pt Imperial into fluid ounces U.K. fl oz Imperial volume and capacity for culinary practise [PAR] Amount: 1 pint U.K. (pt Imperial) in volume [PAR] Equals: 20.00 fluid ounces U.K. (fl oz Imperial) [PAR] volume and capacity from pint U.K. to fluid ounce U.K. Conversion Results: [PAR] Enter a New pint U.K. Amount of volume and capacity to Convert From [PAR] * Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8) [PAR] * Precision is how many numbers after decimal point (1 - 9) [PAR] Enter Your Amount : [PAR] Decimal Precision : [PAR] Calculate fluid ounces U.K. in volume and capacity per 1 pint U.K. unit. The volume and capacity kitchen measuring units converter for culinary chefs, bakers and other professionals. [PAR] CONVERT : between other volume and capacity measuring units - complete list. [PAR] Conversion calculator for webmasters . [PAR] Main page for volume and capacity units conversions. [PAR] Convert volume and capacity culinary measuring units between pint U.K. (pt Imperial) and fluid ounces U.K. (fl oz Imperial) but in the other direction from fluid ounces U.K. into pints U.K. also as per volume and capacity units. [PAR] Culinary arts school: volume and capacity units converter [PAR] This online culinary volume and capacity measures converter, from pt Imperial into fl oz Imperial units, is a handy tool not only for experienced certified professionals in food businesses and skilled chefs in state of the industry's kitchens model. [PAR] Other applications of this volume and capacity units converter are ... [PAR] With the above mentioned units converting service it provides, this volume and capacity units converter also proved to be useful as a teaching tool and for practising pints U.K. and fluid ounces U.K. ( pt Imperial vs. fl oz Imperial ) conversion exercises by new culinarians and students (in classrooms or at home based kitchens) who have been learning this particular cooking mastery art in culinary colleges, in schools of culinary arts and all other kinds of culinary training for converting the volume and capacity cooking units measures. [PAR] Unit symbols used by international culinary educational institutions and training for these two volume and capacity unit measurements are: [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for pint U.K. is: pt Imperial [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. short brevis ) unit symbol for fluid ounce U.K. is: fl oz Imperial [PAR] One pint U.K. in volume and capacity sense converted to fluid ounces U.K. equals precisely to 20.00 fl oz Imperial [PAR] How many fluid ounces U.K. of volume and capacity system are in 1 pint U.K.? The answer is: The change of 1 pt Imperial ( pint U.K. ) unit for a volume and capacity measure equals = into 20.00 fl oz Imperial ( fluid ounce U.K. ) as per its equivalent volume and capacity unit type measure often used. [PAR] Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking an accurate volume and capacity unit measure can be totally crucial. If there is an exact measure in pt Imperial - pints U.K. used in volume and capacity units, it's the rule in culinary career, that the pint U.K. number gets converted into fl oz Imperial - fluid ounces U.K. for the volume and capacity absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly, using either pints U.K. unit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Equus ferus (Asian Wild Horse, Mongolian Wild Horse ... Equus ferus (Asian Wild Horse, Mongolian Wild Horse, Przewalski's Horse) [PAR] Geographic Range [top] [PAR] Range Description: [PAR] Until the late 18th century, this species ranged from the Russian Steppes east to Kazakhstan, Mongolia and northern China. After this time, the species went into catastrophic decline. The last wild population of Przewalski\u2019s Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) survived until the mid-20th century in southwestern Mongolia and adjacent Gansu, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia (China). Wild horses were last seen in 1969, north of the Tachiin Shaar Nuruu in Dzungarian Gobi Desert in Mongolia (Paklina and Pozdnyakova 1989). [PAR] All extant wild horses belong to the subspecies Equus ferus przewalskii. The first visual account of Przewalski's-type wild horses date from more than 20,000 years ago. Rock engravings, paintings, and decorated tools dating from the late Gravetian to the late Magdalenian (20,000-9,000 BC), were discovered in caves in Italy, southern France, and northern Spain; 610 of these were horse figures (Leroi-Gourhan 1971). Many cave drawings in France show horses that look like Przewalski\u2019s Horse (Mohr 1971). In prehistoric times, the species probably roamed widely over the steppes of Central Asia, China, and Europe (Ryder 1990), although wild horses in Europe could have been Tarpans (Equus ferus gmelini). [PAR] The first written accounts of Przewalski's Horse originate from Tibet, recorded by the monk Bodowa, who lived around 900 AD. In the \"Secret History of the Mongols\", there is also a reference to wild horses that crossed the path of Chinggis Khaan during his campaign against Tangut in 1226, causing his horse to rear and throw him to the ground (Bokonyi 1974). That the wild horse was a prestigious gift, denoting its rarity or that it was difficult to catch, is shown by the presentation of a Przewalski\u2019s Horse to the emperor of Manchuria by Chechen-Khansoloj-Chalkaskyden, an important Mongolian, circa 1630 (Zevegmid and Dawaa 1973). In a Manchurian dictionary of 1771, Przewalski\u2019s Horse is mentioned as \"a wild horse from the steppe\" (Dovchin 1961). [PAR] Przewalski's Horse was not described in Linnaeus's \"Systema Naturae\" (1758) and remained largely unknown in the West until first mentioned by John Bell, a Scottish doctor who travelled in the service of Tsar Peter the Great in 1719-1722 (Mohr 1971). His account of the expedition, \"A Journey from St Petersburg to Peking\", was published in 1763. Bell and subsequent observers all located horses known at that time within the area of 85-97\u00b0E and 43-50\u00b0N (Chinese-Mongolian border). Wild horses were reported again from what is now China by Colonel Nikolai Mikailovich Przewalski, an eminent explorer, at the end of the 19th century. He made several expeditions by order of Tsar Alexander the Second of Russia to Central Asia, aiming to reach Tibet. While returning from his second expedition in Central Asia, he was presented with the skull and hide of a horse shot about 80 km north of Gutschen (in present-day China, around 40\u00b0N, 90\u00b0E). The remains were examined at the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Science in St Petersburg by I.S. Poliakov, who concluded that they were a wild horse, which he gave the official name Equus przewalskii (Poliakov 1881). Further reports came from the brothers Grigory and Michael Grum-Grzhimailo, who travelled through western China from 1889-1890. In 1889, they discovered a group in the Gashun area and shot four horses: three stallions and a mare. The four hides and the skulls of the three stallions, together with an incomplete skeleton, were sent back to the Zoological Museum in St. Petersburg. They were able to observe the horses from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gold Sovereign Guide | Golden Eagle Coins Gold Sovereign Guide | Golden Eagle Coins [PAR] Gold Sovereign Guide [PAR] Gold Mexican Peso Guide [PAR] British Gold Sovereign Buying Guide [PAR] The British Sovereign is one of the most historic gold coins in the world, with a history dating back to 1489 and the reign of Henry VII. Originally valued at one Pound Sterling and containing half an ounce of metal with a gold content of 95.83 percent, it was the gold backing behind the currency of England, then the British Empire and even the early USA. The current design, dating back to 1817, was known as the \u201cgolden cavalry\u201d because of its depiction of St George killing the dragon and its frequent use as a tool of British foreign policy. [PAR] Available Coins [PAR] Original English sovereigns were minted from 1489 to 1604. These are in high demand with coin collectors and prices can be extremely high, so they don\u2019t make sense as a vehicle for investing in gold. A far better option is the post-1817 British sovereign. These have been produced intermittently but in huge numbers \u2013 it\u2019s estimated that over a billion have been made, although millions have been melted down or recoined - and are one of the most widely traded gold coins on the market. [PAR] Most bullion coins either weigh one ounce or contain an ounce of pure gold, but the sovereign is much smaller. This is a result of its long use as a circulating coin \u2013 when the modern sovereign was introduced its gold value matched its face value of \u00a31 Sterling. A Sovereign weighs 0.2354 ounce and is less than an inch in diameter. Half Sovereigns (0.1176 oz) were also produced in vast numbers as circulating coins until 1926 and many are traded as bullion. Modern Half Sovereigns, along with Double Sovereigns and Five Pound coins, are now only produced as commemorative editions which are of little interest to gold investors. In the case of the larger coins even older ones have a value far above the intrinsic worth of their gold content. [PAR] All Sovereigns and Half Sovereigns are made from Crown gold and share a common design. The face carries a profile of the reigning monarch \u2013 currently Elizabeth II \u2013 and the reverse has an image of St George killing the dragon and the date of production. Since 1817 the coins are minted from Crown gold, containing 91.67 percent gold with the balance being copper. [PAR] Investing In Sovereigns [PAR] If you\u2019re interested in Sovereigns as a means of investing in gold it\u2019s best to avoid older coins which have considerable historical value, as well as commemorative editions and the more elaborately finished Proof and Brilliant Uncirculated grades. Stick to bullion grade Sovereigns; normally we recommend including a proportion of smaller coins, but as the Sovereign is a small coin anyway it allows for flexibility in selling off holdings. [PAR] Even bullion grade Sovereigns carry a fairly high premium above spot price; currently they sell for \u00a3220, or around $370, while their metal value is closer to $320. The best way to minimize the premium is to concentrate on secondhand Elizabeth II coins, with the lowest overheads being found on those struck after bullion coin production resumed in 2000. [PAR] The Sovereign has a long and rich history, and is still an excellent form of bullion today if you buy them at the right price. There\u2019s also the potential for even bullion coins to develop considerable value to collectors, for example if they\u2019re minted in the last"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Players Can Score in Rugby - For Dummies How Players Can Score in Rugby - dummies [PAR] How Players Can Score in Rugby [PAR] How Players Can Score in Rugby [PAR] How Players Can Score in Rugby [PAR] Part of Rugby Union For Dummies Cheat Sheet (Australia/New Zealand Edition) [PAR] While the basic aim of rugby is to score a try, players can get points on the board in many different ways. You can score points as follows: [PAR] A try is worth five points, which is the most number of points you can score at once. [PAR] A penalty try is worth exactly the same as a normal try \u2014 five points. [PAR] A converted try is worth seven points: Five points are awarded for the initial try and two more are awarded when the goal kicker kicks the ball over the crossbar. [PAR] A field goal earns the goal kicker\u2019s team three points. [PAR] A penalty goal is worth three points.[DOC] [TLE] Scoring - Rugby Football History Rugby Football History [PAR] All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In early rugby as played at rugby school, the only scores came from goals and there was no points value associated with scoring. The 1845 rules stated that in order to take a punt at goal (this had to be a 'place kick' not a' drop kick') a \"TRY at goal\" had to be earned by touching the ball down between the posts. The ball was then \"punted\" over the bar and between the posts without touching the dress or person of any player and in the face of onrushing defenders. The 1862 rules provide a detailed description of the complexities regarding touching down and scoring the goal. [PAR] 1871 [PAR] The first RFU laws state that 'A match shall be decided by a majority of goals only'. [PAR] March 1875 a proposal for a points scoring system was rejected, as was a proposal that three tries should equal one goal. [PAR] November 1875 the law was modified to 'A match shall be decided by a majority of goals, but if the number of goals is equal or no goals be kicked, by a majority of tries'. [PAR] 1876 [PAR] Cheltenham College adopted RFU rules but still continued to use their own points based scoring system (they referred to points as rouges). [PAR] 1877 [PAR] 'When a goal is kicked from a try, only the goal is scored'. [PAR] 1881 & 1882 [PAR] Proposals were made for the RFU to introduce a points based scoring system: [PAR] 1881 (rejected):-\"A match shall be decided by majority of points, which are calculated as follows - a touchdown, a touch in goal and a dead-ball all equal in value and each count one point; a try counts 4 points, and a goal kicked from a try 12 points or equal to three tries, and a goal dropped or kicked from the field of play 8 points or two tries. When a goal is kicked from a try the goal only is scored.\" [PAR] 1882 (rejected):- [PAR] \"A match shall be decided by points as under: - A goal direct from a place kick from a try shall count 8 pts; A goal dropped from the field of play, 6 pts; A goal from a flying kick 4 points; a try 4 points; a touchdown, a dead ball, or a touch in goal, 1 point each. The team obtaining a majority of four more points to be declared the winner. Any"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Trafalgar Square and Nelson's Column - Walk London and NELSON'S COLUMN [PAR] Trafalgar Square [PAR] Trafalgar Square is at the centre of London next to Charing Cross from where all modern-day distances are measured. [PAR] Built during mid-19th Century on the former stables and courtyard of the Palace of Whitehall, Trafalgar Square is home to Nelson\u2019s Column, two 24m fountains, four sculpture plinths and statues of historically important world figures. At the top of the square are the National Gallery, National Portrait Gallery and St Martin in the Fields church. [PAR] Trafalgar Square was designed by Sir Charles Barry as a ceremonial and cultural space. Opened to the public in 1844, the square is one of London's main tourist attractions. [PAR] As a popular meeting and social place it is often used festivals, political demonstrations and national celebrations, such as for Royal Weddings and on each New Year\u2019s Eve when thousands of people party in the square. [PAR] The plinths in each corner of the Trafalgar Square were designed for sculptures, but the plinth in the north-west corner, (intended for a statue of William IV whom the square was originally going to be named), remained empty until 1998. Now known as the \u2018Fourth Plinth\u2019 the Royal Society of Arts initiated a scheme to show a series of specially commissioned, and sometimes controversial, contemporary works of art. [PAR] Trafalgar Square is a popular meeting place to walk or relax. The pedestrianised North Terrace has a cafe and public facilities. [PAR] Nelson's Column [PAR] Nelson\u2019s column was built in 1843 to commemorate Admiral Horatio Nelson's death at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. [PAR] The 5.5m sandstone statue of Nelson stands on top of a 46m solid Dartmoor granite column. Nelson faces south looking towards the Admiralty, with the Mall on his right flank, where Nelson's ships are represented on the top of each flagpole. [PAR] The square pedestal at the foot of the column is decorated with four bronze panels cast from captured French guns. They depict Nelson's victories at the Battles of Cape St Vincent, Nile, Copenhagen and Trafalgar. The four lions guarding the base of the column were added in 1867, 25 years after the statue was erected."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cain And Abel, The First Murder. Bible Stories In Simple ... Cain And Abel, The First Murder. Bible Stories In Simple English [PAR] Favorite Bible Stories In Simple English [PAR] Cain and Able, First Murder [PAR] Edited and Adapted From Antique Book in His Library [PAR] \u00a9 By James Dearmore, July, 1999 [PAR] What a sad story the Bible tells us in the fourth chapter of Genesis! Cain and Abel were brothers, the sons of Adam and Eve. How they should have loved each other! Yet we find that Cain killed Abel. Why did he do this? [PAR] Well, Cain was a husbandman, that is, a man who tilled the ground; Abel was a shepherd, who kept sheep. One day each offered a sacrifice to God. Cain brought the fruit of the ground, and Abel brought a perfect lamb. This perfect lamb was a type, or \"picture\", of the perfect Lamb of God, Jesus, Who was to come and sacrifice Himself to cover the sins of the world, and make it possible for man to again be in fellowship with God. [PAR] God accepted Abel's offering, but not Cain's. Why? Well, I am quite sure that it was because Abel offered his sacrifice according as God had commanded, and had faith in the promised Saviour; but Cain simply acknowledged God's goodness in giving him the fruits of the earth. Cain's produce was not according to God's command, and was the work of his own hands. While the accepted sacrifice of Abel was according to God's plan, and pictured the coming Redeemer, Jesus, to die for our sins. [PAR] God had no doubt told them, too, that when they came to worship Him, they were to bring a lamb or a kid as a sacrifice for their sins; this Abel had done, but Cain had not. So Cain was angry because God had accepted Abel's offering and not his; and now he hated his brother Abel. [PAR] God knew the evil thoughts which Cain had towards his brother, and asked him, \"Why art thou wroth?\" (That means, \"Why are you so angry?\") and said, \"If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted?\" [PAR] But then Cain did still more wickedly. When they were out in the field, just the two of them alone, he killed his brother. Was it not a cruel deed? They were alone when this murder was committed, yet one eye saw it all. God's eye sees everything! [PAR] God saw it, and said to Cain: \"Where is Abel, thy brother?\" [PAR] This true story from the Bible teaches us that we cannot sin without God knowing about it! Cain then told God a lie. He answered, \"I know not.\" But, of course, he really did know. God was angry with Cain for his sin, and sent him as a fugitive and vagabond to wander on the earth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2000 Olympics - Fact Monster 2000 Olympics [PAR] 2000 Olympics [PAR] Sydney [PAR] A record 10,651 athletes (4,069 of them women) from 199 nations participate; the only nation excluded is Afghanistan. North and South Korea enter the stadium under one flag. Australian Aboriginal Cathy Freeman lights the cauldron at the start of the game, and goes on to win the 400m race. [PAR] British rower Steven Redgrave becomes the first athlete to win gold medals in five consecutive Olympics. [PAR] The U.S. softball team defends its title; Michael Johnson does the same in the 400m race. [PAR] 17-year-old Ian Thorpe of Australia wins four medals (three gold) in swimming, breaking his own world record in the 400m freestyle. [PAR] Russian gymnast Alexei Nemov takes home six medals, as he had done in Atlanta in 1996. [PAR] Eric \"the Eel\" Moussambani of Equatorial Guinea is this year's lovable loser, taking 112.72 seconds in the 100m freestyle swim. This is more than twice as long as Pieter van den Hoogenband's gold-winning performance. [PAR] There are 165 events for men, 135 for women, and 12 mixed events. Women are excluded from boxing and baseball; men are excluded from synchronized swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and softball. [PAR] The United States, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China lead the medal-winners . [PAR] Note: All references to Marion Jones have been removed from this page. This follows the decision made by the International Olympic Committee in 2008 to erase her record and strip her of her medals. [PAR] STATISTICS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Farrokh Bulsara Ethnicity - Freddie Mercury Net Worth Farrokh Bulsara Ethnicity - Freddie Mercury Net Worth [PAR] Farrokh Bulsara Ethnicity [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Freddie Mercury [PAR] Freddie Mercury Net Worth is $100 Million. Freddie Mercury was born in Zanzibar and has an estimated net worth of $100 million dollars. As the lead singer and songwriter with the hugely successful British band, Queen, Freddie Mercury wrote many hit. Freddie Mercury (born Farrok... [PAR] Freddie Mercury Net Worth is $100 Million. [PAR] Freddie Mercury Net Worth is $100 Million. Freddie Mercury was born in Zanzibar and has an estimated net worth of $100 million dollars. As the lead singer and songwriter with the hugely successful British band, Queen, Freddie Mercury wrote many hit Freddie Mercury , 5 September 1946 - 24 November 1991) was a British musician, singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the rock band Queen. As a performer, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and powerful vocals over a four-octave range. As a songwriter, Mercury composed many hits for Queen, including \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", \"Killer Queen\", \"Somebody to Love\", \"Don't Stop Me Now\", \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\" and \"We Are the Champions\". In addition to his work with Queen, he led a solo career, and also occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists. He died of bronchopneumonia brought on by AIDS on 24 November 1991, only one day after publicly acknowledging he had the disease. [PAR] Mercury was a Parsi born in Zanzibar and grew up there and in India until his mid-teens. He has been referred to as \"Britain's first Asian rock star\". In 2002, Mercury was placed ..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aberdeen, Ruthrieston, Bridge Of Dee | Canmore Aberdeen, Ruthrieston, Bridge Of Dee | Canmore [PAR] Aberdeen, Ruthrieston, Bridge Of Dee [PAR] Battle Site (Period Unassigned), Road Bridge (16th Century) [PAR] Site Name Aberdeen, Ruthrieston, Bridge Of Dee [PAR] Alternative Name(s) River Dee; Brig Of Dee; Stonehaven Road; Anderson Drive South [PAR] Canmore ID 20269 [PAR] Ordnance Survey licence number 100057073. All rights reserved. [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright and database right 2017. [PAR] \u00a9 Crown Copyright: HES [PAR] SC 1366999 [PAR] Aberdeen, Bridge of Dee. Photographic copy of Plan, North and South elevations. Insc: 'Bridge of Dee Aberdeen; Plan of Bridge at Road Level; North Elevation; South Elevation'. [PAR] Ian B M Ralston Aberdeen Archaeological Surveys [PAR] 28/7/1982 [PAR] Former District City Of Aberdeen [PAR] Former County Aberdeenshire [PAR] (NJ 9290 0355) Bridge of Dee (NR) [PAR] (Site of battle 1639) (NAT) [PAR] OS 1:10,000 map, (1974). [PAR] For possible predecessor bridge, see NJ90SW 41. [PAR] NMRS REFERENCE: [PAR] Aberdeen, Bridge of Dee. [PAR] c. 1520-27. Built for Bishop Dunbar under the Cerical Master of Works \"Maister Alexander Galloway, Persound of Kynkell\" by Thomas Franche, Master mason, the son of a master mason John Franche, who died at Linlithgow in 1849. [PAR] EXTERNAL REFERENCE: [PAR] Information available at Aberdeen Public Library: Reference Department: [PAR] G.M.Fraser, \"The Bridge of Dee.\" Its history; its structural features and its sculptures, 1913. [PAR] G.M.Fraser, \"The Aberdeen Bridges and their Story.\" [PAR] \"In Aberdeen Fifty years ago.\" [PAR] John Milne, \"Aberdeen.\" [PAR] Munro, \"Old Lanmarks of Aberdeen.\" [PAR] Measured Drawings, 18th and 19th centuries are in Town Monuments (1941 at Dunecht House). [PAR] See G.M.Fraser \"The Bridge of Dee\". [PAR] National Library of Scotland: Master Masons, I. Plan. [PAR] (Undated) information in NMRS. [PAR] A bridge built of ashlar between 1500 and 1527 and consisting of seven semi-circular rib arches with refuge-cut-waters and bearing coats of arms and inscribed panels with the dates 1520 and 1525. It was repaired in 1718-19, 1721 and 1773 when its south port was demolished. In 1840-1 it was widened on the west side, the original facings being replaced as far as possible. 'Lady's Chapel of the Bridge' stood near the north end. In 1639 it was the site of a skirmish in which Montrose and the Convenanters won the bridge from the royalists who held it. [PAR] SDD List (Aberdeen); A Smith 1882; 1875. [PAR] Visited by OS (JLD) 8 September 1952. [PAR] (Location cited as NJ 929 036). Bridge of Dee. Built c. 1500-27, widened by four ribs on west side 1841-2, engineer John Smith. A 7-span bridge with dressed-stone ribbed arch rings, 9 ribs per arch. The arches are semicircular and there are triangular cutwaters extended up to form semihexagonal pedestrian refuges. [PAR] J R Hume 1977. [PAR] This bridge carries the A 947 public road across the River Dee between the parishes of Aberdeen (to the N) and Nigg (to the S), on the southern outskirts of Aberdeen. [PAR] The location assigned to this record defines the midpoint of the structure. The available map evidence indicates that it extends from NJ c. 92845 03584 to NJ c. 92960 03529. [PAR] Information from RCAHMS (RJCM), 20 January 1997. [PAR] [Former index no. 103]. Descheduled. [PAR] Information from Historic Scotland: Certificate of Exclusion from Schedule dated 16 February 2009. [PAR] Further Details"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stadium Guide: San Siro, Milan - World Soccer Stadium Guide: San Siro, Milan [PAR] Stadium Guide [PAR] Milan is one of 175 soccer cities featured in Libero , the digital travel guide for football fans. Regularly refreshed with new destinations and travelogues, Libero is a one-click treasure trove of football trip tips, tales and trivia. See www.liberoguide.com/milan/ [PAR] Stadio San Siro, Atletico Madrid-Real Madrid, Champions League Final 2016. Saturday May 28. [PAR] Arguably European football\u2019s most revered arena, Milan\u2019s San Siro is to host the final of Europe\u2019s premier club trophy for the fourth time of asking. [PAR] It may well continue to stage more \u2013 but in terms of its equally celebrated shared-stadium cross-city derby, the days for this event are numbered. [PAR] When Milan leave the San Siro for their own new-build arena in nearby Portello as planned in 2020, they will close the door on seven decades of a city rivalry based at the largest football stadium in Italy. [PAR] It was Milan, in fact, in the shape of their then president Piero Pirelli, who built the San Siro in the first place, in 1926. Designed specifically for football, it also became the home of their city rivals Internazionale in 1947. [PAR] With no running track and with four stands making a rectangular shape around the pitch, despite three major overhauls, the San Siro has not lost its shape, its style or its staying power. [PAR] Tyre magnate Pirelli had taken over the Rossoneri of Milan in 1909. As opposed to the other stadia being built across Mussolini\u2019s Italy, Pirelli\u2019s San Siro was laid out like the traditional grounds in England, with the crowd up close \u2013 perhaps the influence of Pirelli\u2019s formative years in regular contact with the English founders of his Milan club in 1899. [PAR] The rivalry with Inter dates back to 1908. Italian and Swiss members of the Milan club, unhappy with its British influence, broke away to form Internazionale. [PAR] The fixture between the two become known as the Derby della Madonnina, in reference to the statue atop the landmark Duomo cathedral that dominates the city centre. Unlike Rome\u2019s Olimpico, with its running track, which city rivals Roma and Lazio currently share, the San Siro is the perfect stage for the big occasion. [PAR] Supporters hang over the pitch in steep-sided tiers \u2013 you can smell the turf near the touchline. Across town, families, friends and colleagues part ways for match day \u2013 the local fan base is a geographic mix. [PAR] Milan\u2019s cocktail-drinking image later gave way to a working-class one \u2013 their blue-collar followers became known as \u2018cacciavite\u2019 or screwdrivers. [PAR] Inter attracted high society once oil magnate president Angelo Moratti took over after the war. The San Siro was expanded to accommodate both clubs, the crowd enjoying the legendary 6-5 derby of 1949, the first that Angelo\u2019s son Massimo was taken to. [PAR] In 1955, the stadium was revamped, given another tier and its distinctive candy-twist appearance around the outside. Capacity touched six figures, such as the 100,000 squeezed in for the visit \u2013 and Italy\u2019s victory over \u2013 Brazil in 1956. [PAR] By the early 1960s, the San Siro was in its pomp. With Moratti and mercurial coach Helenio Herrera at the helm, Inter matched Milan\u2019s European Cup win of 1963. The Inter icon was Sandro Mazzola, Milan\u2019s Gianna Rivera, and high society gathered for all the big matches. [PAR] The next golden age came in the run-up to the 1990 World Cup. With Ruud Gullit and key Dutch stars winning European Cups for Berlusconi\u2019s Milan,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dave Thomas - Biography - IMDb Dave Thomas - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Dave Thomas [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (13) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] Rex David Thomas [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Born during the Depression to a dirt-poor single mother in Atlantic City. New Jersey, Dave Thomas was adopted as an infant by a traveling construction worker and his wife. Moving out on his own at age 15, Thomas held a succession of jobs in the food industry, starting out as a busboy and working his way up. A fateful meeting in 1956 with Col. Harland Sanders , founder of the Kentucky Fried Chicken chain, led to Thomas' investing money in one of Sanders' KFC franchises, which paid off handsomely and made him a millionaire by the time he was 35. In 1969 Thomas decided to strike out on his own and left KFC to start his own chain of fast-food restaurants, Wendy's (named after his daughter, whose name was actually Melinda but whose nickname was Wendy) Hamburgers, in Ohio. Eventually the chain grew to more than 6000 restaurants, with annual sales revenue topping $6 billion. As successful as his business career was, however, Thomas was even more famous for his appearances in the company's commercials, where he came across as just a regular guy next door who got along with everybody and was the kind of grandfather that everyone wished they'd had--which, according to many who knew and worked with him, was exactly how he was in real life. He never forgot how tough it was to be an adopted kid, and founded the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption to help both adopted children and the families who adopt them. He died of liver cancer in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, in 2002. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: frankfob2@yahoo.com [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 21 May 1954 - 8 January 2002) (his death) (5 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (1) [PAR] White shirt and red tie, as seen in his commercials [PAR] Trivia (13)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did You Know?: 'Washington Crossing the Delaware' painting Did You Know?: 'Washington Crossing the Delaware' painting - Purdue University [PAR] Did You Know?: 'Washington Crossing the Delaware' painting [PAR] February 13, 2014 [PAR] An authorized copy of \"Washington Crossing the Delaware\" hangs in Purdue's Class of 1950 Lecture Hall. Its installation will be celebrated during a Presidents Day event on Feb. 17. (Photo courtesy of the Washington Crossing Foundation) [PAR] Download Photo [PAR] \"Washington Crossing the Delaware,\" the famous painting at the center of a Presidents Day celebration Monday (Feb. 17) on Purdue's West Lafayette campus, has a history nearly as fascinating as the event it depicts. [PAR] The oil-on-canvas painting illustrates George Washington, then a general in the American Revolutionary War, crossing the Delaware River with his troops on the night of Dec. 25-26, 1776. The crossing immediately precipitated Washington's surprise attack on the Hessian forces in the Battle of Trenton in New Jersey. [PAR] An authorized copy of the painting arrived at Purdue in January. A Presidents Day event, scheduled for 5 p.m. in the Class of 1950 Lecture Hall, will celebrate its installation there. [PAR] Although the painting depicts a scene from the American Revolutionary War, the original was actually painted in 1851 in Germany -- 75 years after the Battle of Trenton, says David Parrish, professor of art history. [PAR] German-born artist Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, who was born 40 years after the battle, painted \"Washington Crossing the Delaware\" in D\u00fcsseldorf. [PAR] Leutze grew up in America but returned to Germany as an adult. He hoped the painting, and therefore the American Revolution, would inspire liberal reformers during the European Revolutions of 1848. [PAR] Due to the time that had elapsed after the titular event, the painting contains a few historical inaccuracies, Parrish says. For instance, the flag depicted was not created until about a year after the battle, and the soldiers used a different type of boat to cross the river. Additionally, Washington appears to be much older than he was during the battle -- the general was 44 at the time -- and he wouldn't have been standing lest the boat capsize. [PAR] However, some of the painting's details, such as the soldiers' uniforms, are historically accurate. And the composition of the painting as well as some of its details, including the fact that the rowers shown represent a cross-section of the American colonies, invoke a deep sense of national pride, Parrish says. [PAR] \"It's fascinating to place this painting in the artist's personal context and in the time in which he was living,\" Parrish says. [PAR] \"He certainly wasn't working in a vacuum. In fact, he was hoping to hold the American Revolution up as a shining example of a battle for freedom. When you see the original, which is so large that the figures are almost life-size, you get a real sense of the courage and determination it inspires.\" [PAR] Leutze finished the first version of the painting in 1850, but a fire in his studio damaged it shortly thereafter. [PAR] After the painting was restored, the Kunsthalle Bremen art museum in Bremen, Germany, acquired the painting. However, in 1942, during World War II, a British bombing raid destroyed it. [PAR] Leutze created a full-size replica of the painting shortly after completing the original. It was placed on exhibition in New York in October 1851. [PAR] After changing ownership several times, the painting in 1897 was donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, where it still hangs today. The painting's popularity led to several more historical commissions for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Venezuela Languages - Maps of World Venezuela Languages [PAR] Venezuela Languages [PAR] Online Quiz [PAR] Venezuela Languages [PAR] Venezuela Languages feature 40 different languages including Spanish, which is the official language of Venezuela. The indigenous languages though are on the verge of being extinct are still used by a few people residing in Venezuela. Languages of Venezuela are not always formally spoken, as Venezuelans mostly prefer speaking informally. The foreign languages spoken in Venezuela are Italian, Chinese, Portuguese, Arabic and English. [PAR] Traditional Languages in Venezuela [PAR] Aleman Coloniero Language, Venezuela, spoken in Colonia Tovar is a Indo-European language. It is a dialect, which is a part of the Low Alemannic branch of German. Like other Alemannic languages, Aleman Coloniero Language of Venezuela is not mutually intelligible with Standard German. Aleman Coloniero Language in Venezuela is not much widely spoken. The German descendants, who migrated to Venezuela in 1843 from the Black Forest region of Southern Baden mainly speak this language. Thus, Aleman Coloniero Language, Venezuela, being one of the Venezuela Languages, has several words that have been taken from Spanish. Aleman Coloniero Language of Venezuela has a touch of the other dialects of South Germany, Switzerland and Austria. [PAR] Cariban Languages in Venezuela are widely spoken by the people living in the northern side of South- America. The other regions where Cariban Languages are spoken are the Maracaibo region, Colombian Andes and the northern part of the Amazon river. Cariban Languages in Venezuelawere initiated by a south-American family. The Cariban language family is famous all over the world for \"Hixkaryana\" language. This indigenous family of Venezuela is related to Tupi and Macro-Je languages. There are almost 25 to 40 Cariban languages spoken in the country of Venezuela. Cariban languages in Venezuela came into existence before the Spanish language gained popularity. Much before the Spanish invaders occupied the land of Venezuela, the Caribs took over the region of the Lesser Antilles. Cariban languages did not reach to the greater Antilles as well as the Bahama region. [PAR] Maku language Venezuela refers to the Maku speech that is spoken in the regions around Uraricera river and Roraima. The other places where Maku language is widely spoken are Padamo and the bordering regions of Venezuela. The Makus are an ethnic tribe who live on hunting wild animals. The Maku people are the originators of Maku language. They dwell in the regions of Hupda, Yuhup and Vaupes. The Maku language is an uncategorized language that is spoken outside the area of Nadeb. Maku language is less popular than the other tribal languages in Venezuela. The tribal Maku men and women do not encourage spreading of their language to other tribal groups. Thus,Maku language Venezuela remains largely confined to the areas where the Makus live. [PAR] Nheegate Language -The Yeral, Tupi, Geral, Waengatue tribesmen are the largest speakers of Nheengatu Language, Venezuela. These ethnic groups dwell in the regions of Southern Venezuela. Nheengatu Language of Venezuela is also called \"lingua geral da Amazonia\"in Spanish and \"lingua geral Amazonica\" in Portuguese. Almost 2,000 people speak the Nheengatu language. Nheengatu language in Venezuela is an Amerindian language that hails from the Tupi-Guarani family. The various ethnic red-Indian tribes commonly use this language for communication. Nheengatu language is used mainly by the rural population of Venezuela. Nheengatu is also widely used by those tribes, who have lost their original language that represented their indigenous identity. [PAR] Panare language of Venezuela has various sub-accents. The characteristic trait of Panare language is that the syllables end with a nasal tone. All the vowels in this language are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Captain Morgan Rum Drinks | Captain Morgan Recipes ... Captain Morgan Rum Drinks | Captain Morgan Recipes | thebar.com [PAR] 64 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 White Rum [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 White Rum is 5x distilled along the stunning shores of St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands for a remarkably crisp and great-tasting white rum. [PAR] 13 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Black Spiced Rum [PAR] Introducing a darker, bolder spiced rum, crafted with blackstrap rum for a deliciously smooth finish. Try it on the rocks or in one of our many classic cocktails. [PAR] 12 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Black Cask\u2122 100 Proof Spiced Rum [PAR] This blend of Caribbean rums and select spices brings out the intensity of rum in full flavor. A firm favorite, it\u2019s specially crafted to taste great with Cola or as a shot. [PAR] 0 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Lime Bite\u2122 Spiced Rum [PAR] A silver lime-spiked spiced rum formulated to taste great with beer or lemon-lime soda. Captain Morgan Lime Bite also tastes great with juice, Cola or energy drinks. [PAR] 6 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan Private Stock\u2122 Rum [PAR] Made from the finest of our reserves and married with mellow island spices. It\u2019s perfect for sipping on the rocks with a twist of lime. [PAR] 2 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Long Island Iced Tea [PAR] A legendary mix of rum, vodka, whiskey, gin and triple sec liqueur with a refreshing taste only the Captain could deliver\u2014simply pour over ice and party! [PAR] 1 Recipe [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Silver Spiced Rum [PAR] A distinctive blend of rich white rum and tropical spice. It has a smooth, well-rounded taste with sweet vanilla character that is lighter and dryer than our original blend. [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Tattoo\u2122 Spiced Rum [PAR] Captain Morgan Tattoo is a mysterious spiced rum with a touch of Caribbean heat in the finish. [PAR] 2 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 1671 Commemorative Blend Spiced Rum [PAR] A fine distinctive Caribbean rum blended with a unique blend of spices with notes of dried fruit, vanilla, caramel and oak. Finished with Spanish oak to deliver a smooth and refined drinking experience. [PAR] 0 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Coconut Rum [PAR] Sweet, delicate and creamy taste of fresh coconut with a background of citrus and tropical fruit balanced with notes of molasses. Sweet full bodied finish. [PAR] 1 Recipe [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Grapefruit Rum [PAR] Ripe, juicy and sulphury ruby red grapefruit profile balanced with background notes of molasses, fusel oil and tropical fruit. Slightly tart with a full bodied finish. [PAR] 0 Recipes [PAR] Captain Morgan\u2122 Pineapple Rum [PAR] Very fragrant fresh pineapple aroma, with a ripe & juicy pineapple taste profile. Slight notes of molasses and fusel oil. Sweet full bodied finish."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette ... 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette - History in the Headlines [PAR] 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette [PAR] October 16, 2013 By Christopher Klein [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette [PAR] Author [PAR] 10 Things You May Not Know About Marie Antoinette [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] On the morning of October 16, 1793, Henri Sanson entered the prison cell housing Marie Antoinette, the 37-year-old former queen of France who only hours before had been convicted of treason and sentenced to death. The red-hooded executioner sheared Marie Antoinette\u2019s beloved locks to allow for a quick, clean cut of his guillotine blade. Moments after cutting her hair, Sanson cut off her head as a joyous crowd cheered, \u201cVive la nation!\u201d More than 220 years after her execution, learn 10 surprising facts about Marie Antoinette. [PAR] 1. Marie Antoinette was born an Austrian princess. [PAR] Born in Vienna, Austria, in 1755, Archduchess Marie Antoinette was the 15th and last child of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and the powerful Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. [PAR] 2. She was only 14 years old when she married the future Louis XVI. [PAR] To seal the newfound alliance between longtime enemies Austria and France that had been forged by the Seven Years\u2019 War, the Austrian monarchs offered the hand of their youngest daughter to the heir apparent to the French throne, Dauphin Louis-Auguste. On May 7, 1770, the 14-year-old royal bride was delivered to the French on an island in the middle of the Rhine River, and a grand procession escorted the archduchess to the Palace of Versailles. The day after Marie Antoinette met the 15-year-old future king of France, the two were wed in a lavish palace ceremony. [PAR] 3. It took seven years for the future king and queen to consummate their marriage. [PAR] Politics literally made strange bedfellows in the case of Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste. Just hours after they first met, the young teenagers were escorted to the bridal chamber on their wedding night by the groom\u2019s grandfather, King Louis XV. After the king blessed their bed, gave both a kiss and left the room to allow them to start work on producing a royal heir, nothing happened between the two relative strangers that night. Apparently, nothing happened for the next seven years either. The dauphin suffered from a painful medical condition that rendered him impotent, and the palace gossip soon circulated around Europe. Finally in 1777, Maria Theresa dispatched one of her sons, Emperor Joseph II, to Versailles to intervene, and the problem was rectified either because the now King Louis XVI underwent surgery to correct the problem or because, in the words of the emperor, the couple had been \u201ctwo complete blunderers.\u201d Within a year, Marie Antoinette bore the first of the couple\u2019s four children. [PAR] 4. Marie Antoinette was a teen idol. [PAR] Unlike during her years as queen, Marie Antoinette captivated the French public in her early years in the country. When the teenager made her initial appearance in the French capital, a crowd of 50,000 Parisians grew so uncontrollable that at least 30 people were trampled to death in the crush. [PAR] 5. Her towering bouffant hairdo once sported a battleship replica. [PAR] As Will Bashor details in his new book, \u201cMarie Antoinette\u2019s Head,\u201d royal hairdresser L\u00e9onard Auti\u00e9 became one of the queen\u2019s closest confidants as he concocted her gravity-defying hairdos, which rose nearly four feet high. Auti\u00e9 accessorized the queen\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Stamp Collecting Terms - AHT Insurance Glossary of Stamp Collecting Terms [PAR] Glossary of Stamp Collecting Terms [PAR] American Association of Philatelic Exhibitors. [PAR] AEF [PAR] American Expeditionary Forces (WWI term). [PAR] AFDCS [PAR] American First Day Cover Society. [PAR] AP [PAR] American Philatelist, publication of the American Philatelic Society. [PAR] APO [PAR] Army Post Office used by U.S. military personnel stationed abroad. [PAR] ASCAT [PAR] Association of Stamp Catalogue Publishers. [PAR] ASDA [PAR] Air Transport Label Catalog. [PAR] abnormal [PAR] Refers to stamps produced by De La Rue for Great Britain, 1862-80, from plates that were not put into production. [PAR] Acknowledgement of Receipt stamp [PAR] A stamp issued to pay the fee for post office notification that a mail piece was delivered. [PAR] accessories [PAR] Refers to items used by most stamp collectors such as albums, catalogs, hinges, magnifiers, mounts, perforation gauges, tongs, etc. [PAR] accumulation [PAR] A large collection of stamps that has not been arranged in any particular order. [PAR] acid [PAR] Refers to paper having a high enough acidic level to eventually affect stamps and covers attached to the page. [PAR] adhesive [PAR] Usually refers to the sticky substance that is used to fix a stamp to an envelop. It may be either pressure-sensitive or activated by water. [PAR] admirals [PAR] A nickname for three British Commonwealth definitive series of stamps which feature King George V of Great Britain in naval uniform. [PAR] advertisement pane [PAR] A booklet or sheet of stamps with one or more stamp spaces used for a commercial ad. [PAR] aerogram [PAR] A postage-paid airletter sheet with gummed flaps that is written on and then folded to form an envelope. [PAR] aerophilately [PAR] Branch of collecting that deals with airmail stamps and covers and their usage. [PAR] agency [PAR] An organization authorized to publicize or sell new issues of stamps on behalf of a stamp-issuing entity. [PAR] air labels [PAR] See etiquettes. [PAR] airmail [PAR] The carriage of mail by air. The first regular airmail service began in 1870 in Paris when mail was delivered by hot air balloons. [PAR] airmail border [PAR] Red and blue markings on border cover indicating airmail service. [PAR] albino [PAR] A rare error in stamp production where an uninked impression is made by a printing plate. [PAR] album [PAR] A book designed to hold stamps or covers. [PAR] album weeds [PAR] Early series of books on forged stamps by Rev. R. Brisco Earee. [PAR] alteration [PAR] Attempt to change a stamp's identity by adding or removing a design or perforation or by changing the characteristics of the paper. [PAR] aniline ink [PAR] Water-soluble ink with a dye base that runs when wet. [PAR] annule [PAR] French word for \"cancelled.\" [PAR] approvals [PAR] Priced selections of stamps or covers sent to collectors by mail. The collector keeps the items he chooses and the remaining material (along with a payment) is returned to the approval dealer. [PAR] arrow [PAR] Arrowlike markings used as guides for cutting sheets of stamps. [PAR] arms types [PAR] Stamp bearing coat of arms or heraldic devices. [PAR] as is [PAR] A term included in transactions to indicate that an item or lot is sold without guarantee or return privilege, usually used for stamps that are damaged or suspect. [PAR] auction abbreviations [PAR] Terms used in auctions: box with X = cover, circle with dot = used; four small squares = block; square = piece or part of cover; star = mint. [PAR] authentication mark [PAR] A marking, such as initials, placed on the reverse of a stamp examined"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Duke of Beaufort | Quite Continental Duke of Beaufort | Quite Continental [PAR] Quite Continental [PAR] 23/12/2011 \u00a7 6 Comments [PAR] The Great Hall at the Badminton Estate. [PAR] After finding photos of the Beaufort Hunt in 1949 , I immediately wanted to see the sprawling estate that I noticed was peeking around the edges. The Duke and Duchess of Beaufort live at the Badminton Estate in Gloucestershire, England, two hours west of London. One look at the Great Hall (pictured above) and I knew I was in love\u2026and in urgent need of a hop across the pond to visit Gloucestershire. [PAR] Thus, Gloucestershire is my first Desired Destination feature. [PAR] It turns out the Duke lets some of the Estate\u2019s cottages periodically. [PAR] If I moved, would you come and visit me? [PAR] Badminton Church, built by the 5th Duke in 1785. [PAR] The east front. [PAR] The clock tower. [PAR] The stables. [PAR] And yes, the Badminton Estate is where the sport takes its name, although it isn\u2019t known why, as the sport actually traces its roots back to mid-18th century India and the bored British officers stationed there. The present-day Badminton is open for special events, garden tours, and The Badminton Shoot, but is probably best known now for hosting the annual Badminton Horse Trials in May. I would love to be there for the prestigious three-day event. [PAR] GL91DD [PAR] Tel: +44 (0) 1454 218 203 [PAR] After a long day knocking about Badminton, I would check into Calcot Manor , a 35-room country house hotel set on 220 acres of meadowland that was established in the 1300s. Thoroughly modernized while remaining true to the storied heritage of the home, Calcot Manor also boasts one of the best spas in the UK, the Calcot Spa . It is simply gorgeous and would be a perfect home base for my relaxing minibreak in the British countryside. [PAR] GL8 8YJ [PAR] Tel: +44 (0) 1666 890 391 [PAR] I\u2019d also make a point to visit Sudeley Castle , best known as the final resting place of Queen Katherine Parr , Henry VIII\u2019s last and surviving wife. With a long history that dates back to the tenth century, the Castle fell into disrepair after the Civil War and remained that way until its rescue in 1837 by brothers John and William Dent \u2014 of the fine accessories and glovemaking Dents , from Worcester \u2014 and its subsequent restoration. The Castle has remained a Dent family home since that time, and was opened up to the public in 1969. During this year\u2019s season (1 April through 28 October, 2012) visitors can wander on their own through the gardens and inside the Castle\u2019s original 15th century west wing, as well as take in a number of exhibitions. Offered on a more limited basis are guided tours through the Castle apartments where the family currently resides. Also of note this year at the Castle is the Queen Katherine Parr Quincentenary , marking 500 years since her birth. [PAR] Tel: +44 (0) 1242 602 308 [PAR] Images via Badminton House and Calcot Manor. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 23/12/2011 \u00a7 2 Comments [PAR] Photos of the Duke of Beaufort\u2019s Hunt, March 1949, at Badminton House in Gloucestershire, England. The Beaufort is one of the oldest and largest fox hunts in England. Founded by the 1st Duke of Beaufort in 1682, later heads of the House of Beaufort have all either hunted or occupied The Beaufort\u2019s mastership, and the hounds, kennels and stables are still held by the family. The 11th and current"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Sargassum ? - NOAA Ocean Explorer What is Sargassum? [PAR] Ocean Exploration Facts | Diversity of Life and Ecosystems [PAR] Sargassum is a genus of large brown seaweed (a type of algae) that floats in island-like masses. [PAR] Pelagic brown algae in the genus Sargassum. The berry-like structures are gas-filled bladders known as pneumatocysts, which provide buoyancy to the plant. Image courtesy of H. Scott Meister, SCDNR. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 2005 , scientists in the Gulf of Mexico used a type of net called a neuston net to sample surface waters. In towing the net for just one 15-minute period within Sargassum habitat, they collected over 3,000 fish in 82 kilograms (180 pounds) of Sargassum! [PAR] By collecting samples throughout the water column (surface, middle, and bottom), scientists were trying to understand how communities at different water depths are connected. [PAR] Sargassum is abundant in the ocean. Upon close inspection, it is easy to see the many leafy appendages, branches, and round, berry-like structures that make up the plant. These \u201cberries\u201d are actually gas-filled structures, called pneumatocysts, which are filled mostly with oxygen. Pneumatocysts add buoyancy to the plant structure and allow it to float on the surface. [PAR] Floating rafts of Sargassum can stretch for miles across the ocean. This floating habitat provides food, refuge, and breeding grounds for an array of critters such as fishes, sea turtles, marine birds, crabs, shrimp, and more. Some animals, like the Sargassum fish (in the frogfish family), live their whole lives only in this habitat. Sargassum serves as a primary nursery area for a variety of commercially important fishes such as mahi mahi, jacks, and amberjacks. [PAR] When Sargassum loses its buoyancy, it sinks to the seafloor, providing energy in the form of carbon to fishes and invertebrates in the deep sea. Sargassum may also provide an important addition to the food sources available in the deep sea. [PAR] Because of its ecological importance, Sargassum has been designated as Essential Fish Habitat, which affords these areas special protection. However, Sargassum habitat has been poorly studied because it is so difficult to sample. Further research is needed to understand, protect, and best conserve this natural resource.[DOC] [TLE] Seaweed.ie :: Information on marine algae Seaweed.ie :: Information on marine algae [PAR] Site contact [PAR] Sargasso Sea [PAR] These lines of Sargassum can stretch for miles along the surface. The clumps of floating algae are often concentrated by the strong winds and wave action associated with the Gulf Stream. [PAR] During Christopher Columbus's voyage of discovery across the Atlantic, he was amazed to find floating mass of seaweed as far east as the Azores. It looked like a carpet of little yellow grapes so they called it sargazo (a generic name in Spanish for seaweeds with a brown colour and with an obvious stalk and root; the Sargasso Sea is \"El mar de los Sargazos\"). Sargassum is a brown algae and the \u2018grapes\u2019 are the air bladders, which keep it afloat. It may look like the attached marine plants found in coastal waters, but it\u2019s found in the middle of the North Atlantic Gyre. The area, of about 2 million square miles, is known as the Sargasso Sea. [PAR] The Sargasso Sea seems to be be largely composed of two species: Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans, which probably originate in the Caribbean, but the floating masses seem to propagate themselves by framentation. Seaweed cells are totipotent and any fragment of a brown alga can regenerate an entirely functioning plant. The cover of Sargassum in the Sargasso Sea is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fashion Revolution: A History of the Miniskirt Fashion Revolution: A History of the Miniskirt [PAR] Fashion Revolution [PAR] A History of the Miniskirt [PAR] The 1960s was a politically charged decade of revolution and change. Apollo 11 became the first capsule to land on the moon, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law, Vietnam was raging, Beatlemania was sweeping the world, birth control pills hit the market, and a new cult of youth, known as \u201cYouthquake,\u201d had radically taken over many areas of life. In the midst of these dramatic political and cultural changes emerged one of the most enduring and controversial icons of the era: the miniskirt (or mini skirt). [PAR] Existing, surprisingly, since ancient times, this small and sexy piece of fabric has embodied some of the most fascinating paradoxes of our times as it suggests both empowerment and vulnerability, independence and a desire to please, an attempt to cover and to reveal, maturity and playfulness, and liberation and exploitation. Simultaneously condemned and loved, the miniskirt exploded into the political landscape and had women (and men) suddenly paying attention to what had been hidden years before\u2014a woman\u2019s legs. [PAR] In the Beginning Was . . . the Miniskirt [PAR] High in the mountains in some of Europe\u2019s oldest villages, archaeologists have recently unearthed ancient figurines dating between 5400-4700 B.C. What is remarkable about the figurines is not only their age, but also that the female figurines appear to be beautifully dressed in miniskirts not unlike the fashionable miniskirts of the 1960s, prompting some scholars to speculate that miniskirts were common in the earliest of civilizations (Derbyshire 2007). Interestingly, these figurines are not the only evidence of \u201cancient miniskirts. For example, an ancient Egyptian fresco shows a female acrobatic dancer wearing a \u201cmini skirt\u201d seemingly made out of cotton that shows off both her hips and her legs (Gandolfi 1989). [PAR] Early Twentieth-Century Skirts and Sowing the Seeds of Change [PAR] While the miniskirt may have existed as long as civilization has, it is probably only recently that it has evoked powerful political and cultural implications. In the mid 1800s, women in Europe and America were generally believed to be the weaker and more vulnerable sex. Politics, business, and physical activity could be dangerous for women, and tight corsets with long, restrictive skirts generally reflected these beliefs (Weaver 2003). [PAR] Like the miniskirt, the 1920s flapper conveyed an impression of a \u201cnew\u201c woman [PAR] After WWI, however, advances in women\u2019s emancipation and post-war escapism led to the \u201cflapper\u201d style, an androgynous style with hemlines up to a woman\u2019s knee. After dropping to a more sober calf length during the early 1930s, hemlines rose to just below the knee during WWII, partly due to mandatory fabric rationing during the war (Lehnert 2000). [PAR] After the end of wartime restrictions on cloth, women were ready for elegance and femininity, and the fashion industry promoted the \u201cNew Look\u201d epitomized by Christian Dior. The New Look was mature and sophisticated, with an exaggerated hourglass figure and long, lavish hemlines (Steele 1997). While the New Look reflected the \u201cbest years of our life\u201d consumerism that followed WWII, the \u201cteddy boys\u201d and beatniks of the Beat generation were already sowing the seeds of discontent in 1950s materialism\u2014a discontent that would find its full voice in the 1960s and dramatically change hemlines forever (Reilly 2003). [PAR] The 1960s and the Politics of the Miniskirt [PAR] Teenagers Create Their Own Political (and Fashion) Space [PAR] Before the 1960s, young women had been expected to dress in the style of their mothers, which was usually"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] President Ford Pardons Iva Toguri d'Aquino, Better Known ... President Ford Pardons Iva Toguri d'Aquino, Better Known as \"Tokyo Rose\" | The American Legion's BurnPit [PAR] President Ford Pardons Iva Toguri d'Aquino, Better Known as \"Tokyo Rose\" [PAR] January 20th, 2015 by Siggurdsson [PAR] [PAR] Iva Toguri, aka \"Tokyo Rose\" mugshot, 1946 [PAR] Photo courtesty of pingnews service [PAR] via National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) [PAR] (Unless otherwise indicated, all illustrations are courtesy of Wikipedia) [PAR] Today in Military History: January 19, 1977 [PAR] Today's stroll through history involves one of the minor civilian characters whose actions penetrated into American culture. She found herself on the wrong side of the conflict between her native United States and her ancestral home of Japan; the rest, as they say, is history\u2026 [PAR] Background [PAR] Iva Toguri was born in Los Angeles on July 4, 1916. Iva was a Girl Scout as a child, and was raised as a Methodist. She attended grammar schools in Mexico and San Diego before returning with her family to Los Angeles. There she finished grammar school, attended high school, and graduated from the UCLA, with a degree in zooology. She then went to work in her parents' shop. [PAR] On July 5, 1941, Toguri sailed for Japan to visit an ailing relative and to possibly study medicine. The U.S. State Department issued her a Certificate of Identification; she did not have a passport. In September, Toguri applied to the U.S. Vice Consul in Japan for a passport, stating she wished to return to her home in the U.S. Her request was forwarded to the State Department, but the answer had not returned by the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) and she was stranded in Japan. [PAR] \"Tokyo Rose\" aka \"Orphan Ann\" [PAR] Toguri was pressured by the Japanese government to renounce her American citizenship, which she refused to do. She was initially declared an enemy alien and refused a war ration card. To support herself, Toguri found a job as a typist at a Japanese news agency, later taking a similar job with Radio Tokyo. In November 1943, Allied POWs forced to broadcast propaganda selected her to host portions of the one-hour radio show The Zero Hour. After she refused to broadcast anti-American propaganda, Toguri was assured by her producers that they would not write scripts having her say anything against the U.S. True to their word, no such propaganda was found in her broadcasts. Toguri hosted a total of 340 broadcasts of The Zero Hour. [PAR] Toguri performed in comedy sketches and introduced recorded music, but never participated in any actual newscasts, with on-air speaking time of generally about 20 minutes. Though earning only 150 yen \u2013 about $7 \u2013 per month, she used some of her earnings to feed POWs, smuggling food in as she did before. Toguri aimed most of her comments toward her fellow Americans (\"my fellow orphans\"), using American slang and playing American music. She routinely referred to American and allied troops in the Pacific theater as \"boneheads.\" In one of the few surviving recordings of her show, she refers to herself as \"your 'Number One' enemy.\" [PAR] [At no time did Toguri call herself \"Tokyo Rose\" during the war, and in fact there was no evidence that any other broadcaster had done so. The name was a catch-all used by Allied forces for all of the women who were heard on Japanese propaganda radio.] [PAR] Post-War [PAR] At war's end, reporters visiting Japan went on the hunt for Tokyo Rose. Unfortunately, as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Religious Tolerance: Wicca , Overview of Practices, Tools ... Overview of Wiccan practices, rituals, tools, etc. [PAR] Overview of practices, tools, rituals, etc. [PAR] Sponsored link. [PAR] Their practices include: [PAR] Organizational Structure: Wicca is one religion (the largest) within Neopaganism . Other Neopagan groups include individuals and groups who are reconstructing Druidic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Sumerian, ancient mystery religions and other ancient spiritual traditions. [PAR] Many, perhaps most, Witches are solitary practitioners; they perform their rites alone. Others form covens which are informal groups of Wiccans. There is often no hierarchy beyond the coven; there is no state, provincial or national organization. Finally, some covens have a High Priestess and/or Priest democratically elected by the group to that office. [PAR] [PAR] Visibility: Virtually everyone has heard of Christianity , Islam and Judaism . But among the three religions that are close to being tied for fourth place in the United States, almost everyone has heard of Buddhism and Hinduism . If you mention Wicca to the average American, you will probably receive a blank stare. A major reason for this is that many Wiccans tend to keep their religion secret; they fear physical and economic attack. A recent survey of 3,798 Wiccan visitors to a web site showed that: [PAR] 17% are totally \"in the closet.\" [PAR] 33% allow only their closest friends and/or family know that they are Wiccan. [PAR] 30% are somewhat \"out of the closet.\" [PAR] 20% only are totally \"public\" with their religion. 1 [PAR] [PAR] Periodic rituals: Wiccans try to meet out of doors where possible. North American climate and concern for personal safety usually forces them indoors. They gather in a circle, which is often nine feet in diameter. Candles on the circumference are usually oriented to the four cardinal directions. Some Wiccans align the candles to the walls of the room. An altar is at the center of the circle or at the northern candle. Rites begin with a casting of the circle, in which the circle is outlined and purified, and the candles lit. A space is thus created within the circle; this is sometimes visualized as a sphere, or as a cylinder or cone. The purpose of this space is to confine healing energy until it is released. [PAR] The central portion of each meeting may celebrate the full moon, a new moon, a Sabbat or a special Wiccan ceremony. It might include healing, divination (scrying, Tarot cards, Runes, etc.), teaching, consecration of tools, discussion, or other life-affirming, nature based activities. After the major work is completed, food (perhaps cakes and wine) is eaten, and the circle is banished. Because of the increasing concern over addictions to alcohol and other drugs, many covens have replaced wine with juice, water etc. [PAR] [PAR] Wiccan tools: Hardware which are used to perform Witchcraft rites often look like common household items. Although there is much variation among individual Wiccans and their covens, the following are typical: [PAR] Athame (double sided, ritual knife; often black handled) used for many purposes, but never for cutting. It is either created by its owner, or is a re-worked purchased knife. A sword is sometimes substituted for the athame. [PAR] An altar, which may be of any shape or material. It may contain: [PAR] A bowl of salt representing the element earth. [PAR] Incense representing the element air. [PAR] Two candles representing the Goddess and God. [PAR] A bowl of water representing the element water. [PAR] A bell which is rung to delineate sections of the rite. [PAR] A pentacle (a 5 pointed star engraved on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a female crab called? - Research Maniacs What is a female crab called? [PAR] What is a female crab called? [PAR] What do you call a female crab? [PAR] You probably know that a female human is called a woman, but do you know what a female crab is called? [PAR] Here, we answer one simple question: What is a female crab called? [PAR] A female crab is called: [PAR] hen [PAR] jenny [PAR] So next time you see a female crab, don't call her a woman! Although people would understand what you mean, it would be more correct to call her a hen.[DOC] [TLE] BLUECRAB.INFO - Blue Crab Life Cycle BLUECRAB.INFO - Blue Crab Life Cycle [PAR] Blue Crab Life Cycle [PAR] Mating [PAR] Mating [PAR] Female blue crabs mate only once in their lives, when they become sexually mature immediately following their pubertal molt (immediately following this molt, the female is known as a \"sook.\") When approaching this pubertal molt, females release a pheromone in their urine which attracts males. Male crabs vie for females and will carry and protect them, called \"cradle carrying,\" until molting occurs. Following this molt, when the female's shell is soft, the pair will mate. During mating, the female captures and stores the male's sperm in sac-like receptacles so that she can fertilize her eggs at a later time. Once the female's shell has hardened, the male will release her and she will migrate to higher salinity waters to spawn. [PAR] See Mating for detailed information. [PAR] [PAR] Spawning [PAR] Spawning [PAR] After mating, females migrate to high-salinity waters in lower estuaries, sounds, and near-shore spawning areas. They over-winter before spawning by burrowing in the mud. Most females spawn for the first time two to nine months after mating, usually from May through August the following season. The female extrudes fertilized eggs into a cohesive mass, or \"sponge,\" that remains attached to her abdomen until the larvae emerge. The average sponge contains about two million eggs and is formed in about two hours. [PAR] See Spawning for detailed information. [PAR] [PAR] Development - Growth Stages [PAR] Growth Stages [PAR] Growth and development of the blue crab, as in other crustaceans, consist of a series of larval, juvenile, and adult stages during which a variety of morphological, behavioral, and physiological changes occur. These changes are most dramatic when the animal molts (sheds its rigid exoskeleton) permitting growth and changes in body shape. Before molting, a new shell is formed underneath the old exoskeleton, which then loosens and is cast off. The new shell is initially soft, but it expands and hardens in a few hours. The stage between molts is termed intermolt. [PAR] Larvae [PAR] Stage 1 - Zoeae [PAR] First stage larvae, called zoeae, measure approximately 0.25 mm at hatching. They bear little morphological resemblance to adults (Hopkins 1943), are filter feeders, and live a planktonic existence in the high-salinity surface waters near the spawning grounds (Pyle and Cronin 1950; Darnell 1959). Tagatz (1968) found more zoeae near the water's surface than at the bottom. Evidence suggests that blue crab zoeae hatch in the Chesapeake Bay, Chincoteague Bay, Delaware Bay, and other estuaries and drift out to sea, where they feed and grow. These larvae may migrate vertically in the water column to reach flood and ebb tides, which transport them back into the bay area. [PAR] The zoeae and all subsequent life stages can increase body size only by molting (Hay 1905; Pyle and Cronin 1950). Zoeal development may require 31 to 49 days, depending on salinity and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Hunger Games' and Hollywood's racial casting issue - CNN.com 'Hunger Games' and Hollywood's racial casting issue - CNN.com [PAR] 'Hunger Games' and Hollywood's racial casting issue [PAR] By Stephanie Goldberg, CNN [PAR] Updated 7:45 PM ET, Wed March 28, 2012 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Lenny Kravitz plays Katniss' stylist Cinna in \"The Hunger Games.\" In the novel, Cinna is described as having short brown hair. [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] Some \"Hunger Games\" fans are displeased that Cinna, Thresh and Rue are played by black actors [PAR] Both Thresh and Rue are described as having \"dark skin\" in Suzanne Collins' novel [PAR] Casting director: Usually, fans are angry when a film adaptation strays from the novel [PAR] In \"The Hunger Games,\" wealthy Capitol citizens of all races and ethnicities come together to watch the 74th annual bloodbath of the same name. It seems some present-day moviegoers, however, are a bit less \"post-racial.\" [PAR] Earlier this week, some \"Hunger Games\" fans tweeted their discontent because the characters of Cinna, Thresh and Rue are played by black actors in the big screen adaptation. This, despite the fact that both Thresh (Dayo Okeniyi) and Rue (Amandla Stenberg) are described as having \"dark skin\" in Suzanne Collins' novel, while Cinna (Lenny Kravitz) is simply described as having short brown hair. [PAR] Whether fans' remarks -- such as, \"Awkward moment when Rue is some black girl and not the little innocent blonde girl you picture\" -- stem from poor reading comprehension or intolerance, they're indicative of a larger issue in Hollywood, said Harry M. Benshoff, an associate professor of radio, TV and film at the University of North Texas who co-wrote \"America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender and Sexuality at the Movies.\" [PAR] \"Hollywood has never been on the forefront of the civil rights movement,\" said Benshoff, who hasn't read or watched \"The Hunger Games.\" [PAR] Despite certain character descriptions being spelled out in the book, Benshoff said, people typically project themselves onto a character in order to empathize with that person. [PAR] \"For a white person reading a book, they're very rarely going to go, 'I'm just assuming this is a black character' if he or she isn't marked as such,\" he said. \"A nonwhite person might project their own identity onto the character.\" [PAR] Skin color is a recurring but understated motif of the novels. Many Capitol residents, for instance, dye their skin to make a statement of affluence, taking on exotic hues like green, gold and olive. [PAR] The way Hollywood sees it, the more people who identify with a character, the more tickets a movie might sell, he added, referencing Donald Glover's May 2010 Twitter campaign for the chance to audition for Spider-Man. (The role eventually went to British actor Andrew Garfield). [PAR] \"Put Donald Glover as Spider-Man, (and the movie) will only make $80 million rather than $100 million,\" Benshoff said. \"If it's Tobey Maguire or Andrew Garfield, it's a Spider-Man movie. With Donald Glover, it's a black superhero movie.\" [PAR] In June 2010, African-American blogs lit up when Angelina Jolie's name was proposed for the lead role in the upcoming \"Cleopatra: A Life.\" The book's author agreed that the actress would be a good fit in the role as the Egyptian queen. [PAR] An Essence.com post stated: \"Honestly, I don't care how full Angelina Jolie's lips are, how many African children she adopts, or how bronzed her skin will become for the film, I firmly believe this role should have gone to a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sonic Boom | jet fighter - YouTube Sonic Boom | jet fighter - YouTube [PAR] Sonic Boom | jet fighter [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 29, 2015 [PAR] a loud explosive noise caused by the shock wave from an aircraft or other object travelling faster than the speed of sound. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Sonicboom - definition of Sonicboom by The Free Dictionary Sonicboom - definition of Sonicboom by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Sonicboom - definition of Sonicboom by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Sonicboom [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] sonic boom [PAR] n. [PAR] The explosive sound of the shock wave produced by an aircraft traveling at or above the speed of sound. [PAR] sonic boom [PAR] n [PAR] (Aeronautics) a loud explosive sound caused by the shock wave of an aircraft, etc, travelling at supersonic speed [PAR] son\u2032ic boom\u2032 [PAR] n. [PAR] a loud noise caused by the shock wave generated by an aircraft moving at supersonic speed. [PAR] [1950\u201355] [PAR] sonic boom [PAR] The shock wave of compressed air caused by an aircraft traveling faster than the speed of sound. It is often audible as a loud, explosive sound, and it sometimes causes damage to structures on the ground. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] sonic boom - an explosive sound caused by the shock wave of an airplane traveling faster than the speed of sound; \"a sonic boom follows an aircraft as a wake follows a ship\" [PAR] blast wave , shock wave - a region of high pressure travelling through a gas at a high velocity; \"the explosion created a shock wave\" [PAR] Translations [PAR] aerodynamick\u00fd t\u0159eskakustick\u00fd t\u0159eskr\u00e1zov\u00e1 vlnasonick\u00fd t\u0159eskzvukov\u00fd t\u0159esk [PAR] overlydsbrag [PAR] sonic bang n \u2192 bang m inv sonico [PAR] sonic [PAR] (\u02c8sonik) adjective [PAR] of, or using, sound waves. sonies \u0635\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062a\u064a \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432 s\u00f4nico zvukov\u00fd Schall-... lyd-; sonisk \u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 s\u00f3nico heli- \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u00e4\u00e4ni- sonique \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f zvu\u010dni, soni\u010dki hang- sonik hlj\u00f3\u00f0- del suono \u97f3\u306e \uc74c\uc758, \uc18c\ub9ac\uc758, \uc74c\ud30c\uc758 garso akustisks; ska\u0146as-; ska\u0146u- bunyi geluids- lyd- , sonisk d\u017awi\u0119kowy \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc s\u00f3nico sonic \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 zvukov\u00fd zvo\u010den soni\u010dni sonisk, ljud- \u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07 ses dalgalar\u0131yla ilgili \u8072\u6ce2\u7684 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439; \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u58f0\u6ce2\u7684 [PAR] sonic boom [PAR] a sudden loud noise heard when an aircraft which is travelling faster than the speed of sound passes overhead. soniese knal \u062f\u064e\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0647 \u0433\u044a\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0445\u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442 ru\u00eddo s\u00f4nico zvukov\u00fd t\u0159esk Knall beim Durchbrechen einer Schallmauer overlydsbrag \u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 estampido s\u00f3nico l\u00f6\u00f6klaine k\u00f5makas \u0635\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a yli\u00e4\u00e4nipamaus bang supersonique \u201c\u05d1\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd\u201d \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc-\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u092c\u0942\u092e zvu\u010dni udar, probijanje zvu\u010dnog zida hangrobban\u00e1s ledakan sonik hlj\u00f3\u00f0h\u00f6gg bang/boom/boato del suono \u885d\u6483\u6ce2\u97f3 \uc18c\ub2c9 \ubd90 garso barjeras ska\u0146as barjera/trieciens debum bunyi supersonische knal overlydssmell grzmot przy przekraczaniu bariery d\u017awi\u0119ku \u062f \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0696\u063a \u0686\u06d0 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0649 barulho s\u00f3nico supersonic \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a rev, hluk pok pri prebitju zvo\u010dnega zidu probijanje zvu\u010dnog zida \u00f6verljudssm\u00e4ll \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e37\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19 ses duvar\u0131 patlamas\u0131 \u8072\u9707 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0686\u06cc \u062f\u06be\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 b\u1edfi m\u00e1y bay si\u00eau \u00e2m va cham v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u58f0\u9707"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Power Stadium | Leicester City FC | Football Ground Guide King Power Stadium | Leicester City FC | Football Ground Guide [PAR] Football Ground Guide [PAR] Address: Filbert Way, Leicester, LE2 7FL [PAR] Telephone: 0344 815 6000 [PAR] Ticket Office: 0344 815 5000 [PAR] Pitch Size: 110 x 76 yards [PAR] Pitch Type: Grass [PAR] Home Kit: Blue and White [PAR] Away Kit: All Red [PAR] East and Kop South Stands [PAR] West Stand [PAR] WHAT IS THE KING POWER STADIUM LIKE? [PAR] In August 2002 the club moved into its new home, only a stone's throw away from their old Filbert Street ground . Then called the Walkers Stadium, it was renamed the King Power Stadium in 2011, under a sponsorship deal. However some of the home fans refer to it as 'Filbert Way.' The stadium is completely enclosed with all corners being filled with seating. The sides are of a good size, built in the same style and height. The Upton Steel West Stand though on one side of the pitch does contain a row of executive boxes. The team dug outs are also located at the front of this stand. Running around three sides of the stadium, just below the roof, is a transparent perspex strip, which allows more light and facilitates pitch growth. There are also two large video screens located in opposite corners of the stadium. [PAR] Like most new stadiums, the King Power Stadium is functional but lacks character. I don't know whether I'm starting to suffer from 'new stadium fatigue' having visited so many in the last few years, but to me it seemed somewhat bland looking both inside and out. Unusually the public address system is also broadcast on the speakers around the outside of the stadium. The King Power Stadium does have one redeeming feature - atmosphere. The acoustics are very good and both sets of supporters can really make some noise, making for an enjoyable visit. [PAR] WHAT IS IT LIKE FOR VISITING SUPPORTERS? [PAR] Away supporters are housed in the North East corner of the stadium, where just over 3,000 fans can be accommodated. The view of the playing action is good (although you are set well back from the pitch) as well as the facilities available. The concourse is comfortable with television screens showing the game going on within the stadium. My only slight grumble was that the gents toilets are poorly designed. They have a narrow 'zig zag corridor' of an entrance which hindered people coming in or out and didn't help the major traffic flow at half time! On the positive side though, the atmosphere within the stadium was good, with the home fans singing on both sides of the away section. The atmosphere is further boosted by a huge bare chested drummer, who is located at the back of the home section, immediately to the left of the away fans. The stewarding was also pretty relaxed. The teams come out to the Post Horn Gallop tune, reminiscent of fox hunting! (Leicester are nicknamed the Foxes). [PAR] Paul Groombridge a visiting Gillingham fan adds; 'From the far upper seats of the away section, the view was pretty good, though from there, you'd probably complain of being too far away from the action (I thought it was okay). One good thing about being at the top of the away section - you can use the plastic transparent panels as pretty good drums when singing!'. Food on offer inside includes; Double Cheeseburgers (\u00a35.50), Cheeseburgers (\u00a34), Hot Dogs (\u00a34), Chicken Pies (\u00a33.80), Steak and Kidney Pies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - A Sporting Nation - Celtic win European Cup 1967 BBC - A Sporting Nation - Celtic win European Cup 1967 [PAR] Celtic win European Cup 1967 [PAR] \u00a9 SCRAN [PAR] On Thursday 25 May 1967, Scottish Football reached a pinnacle of success in Europe which has yet to be surpassed in the modern era, when Glasgow Celtic Football Club, under the leadership of manager Jock Stein defeated Internacionale of Milan 2-1 at the Estadio Nacionale in Lisbon to win the European Cup. [PAR] Less than 24 hours earlier, Kilmarnock FC exited the semi-finals of the Uefa Cup (known then as the Fair Cities Cup), when Leeds United defeated them 4-2 at Rugby Park, with both sides having played out a goalless encounter in the first leg at Elland Road on Wednesday 19 May. [PAR] Despite the disappointment of failing to become the first Scottish side to reach the final of a major European trophy, Malky McDonald's Killie managed to defeat Royal Antwerp of Belgium 8-2 on aggregate and La Gantoise of Ghent 3-1 along the way, before Don Revie's men booked their ultimately doomed place in the finals against Dynamo Zagreb. [PAR] Six days later, on Wednesday 31 May, Rangers failed to overcome Bayern Munich in the final of the European Cup Winners Cup in Nuremberg, with the Franz Roth notching up the only goal of a dull match during extra-time. [PAR] 1967 was indeed an exciting time for Scottish football, but it was Celtic who eventually lasted the distance in Europe, when an officially-recorded crowd of over 45,000 crammed into the Portuguese national stadium to witness the famous Glasgow side wrestle the greatest prize in club football from the preserve of Europe's Latin sides, for the first time in the history of the tournament. [PAR] Before kick-off, few neutrals believed Celtic were capable of overcoming the negative defensive tactics of Helenio Hererra's outfit, who had successfully dismissed such giants as CSKA Sofia, Real Madrid and Torpedo Moscow en route to the final. But Stein's side were galvanised by an overwhelming self-belief in their own invincibility, and their football was both exciting and attack-based, drawing from the great Hungarian sides of the 1960s and pioneering the concept of 'total football', many years in advance of the Dutch masters. [PAR] \u00a9 SNSpix [PAR] According to the Celtic players, Stein's instructions ahead of the game were simple: go out enjoy yourself; but his plan almost went off the rails in the opening moments when Jim Craig felled Cappellini and Mazolla netted the resulting penalty, sending Ronnie Simpson the wrong way with barely eight minutes on the clock and giving Milan a vital early lead. [PAR] The opener seemed nothing more than a minor diversion for the Glasgow side, as Stein pressed for his players to attack and lay siege to the Italian goalmouth. Milan reverted to their famous defensive pattern and successfully thwarted Celtic's every effort on goal, but not without the help of some miraculous saves from goalkeeper Sarti and a fair amount of good fortune from the woodwork. [PAR] When half-time arrived, the scoreline remained 1-0 in favour of Inter, but Stein knew that Celtic were capable of scoring from any position on the pitch, and shortly after the break their much-needed equaliser arrived - from the boot of Celtic's full-back, Tommy Gemmell. On 65 minutes, the adventurous defender linked up with Jim Craig and Bobby Murdoch to send home an unstoppable shot and level the score. Almost an hour had passed since Mazolla had handed Inter the lead, but Celtic had finally found the inspiration"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Hardy: The Fat One - Neatorama Oliver Hardy: The Fat One - Neatorama [PAR] Neatorama [PAR] \u2022 8 [PAR] Neatorama presents a guest post from actor, comedian, and voiceover artist Eddie Deezen . Visit Eddie at his website or at Facebook . [PAR] Norvell Hardy, who was to gain world fame as one half of the legendary movie comedy team of Laurel and Hardy, was born on January 18th, 1892, in Harlem, Georgia. He was the fifth and youngest child of Oliver Hardy and Emily Norvell (young Norvell had two half-sisters and two half- brothers). Oliver Hardy was a confederate veteran who was wounded at the battle of Antietam in 1862. Sadly, he was never to get to know his father, as Oliver Hardy was to die in the first year of Norvell's life (he passed away on November 22, 1892). [PAR] He faced another childhood tragedy when his older brother Sam died in drowning accident. Norvell fished his brother's body out of the water and tried to resuscitate him, but Sam was already dead. [PAR] Almost from day one (possibly to compensate for these early childhood tragedies) young Norvell had huge appetite. According to family lore, his mother once baked 20 buttermilk biscuits, only to watch in amazement as little Norvell ate all 20. For the remainder of his life, as a child, a teen, and an adult, Hardy was to be obese, his weight, at it's peak, reaching 350 pounds. His ravenous appetite caused him to be overweight from an early age, and Norvell had to deal with the taunts of \"Fatty! Fatty!\" from the other kids. [PAR] He soon realized that laughter brought him balm and pleasure. If the other kids laughed with you, they couldn't laugh at you. Norvell loved to umpire the local baseball games and ham it up, calling out \"Steeeriiiike threeeee!\". [PAR] Once, a wild bear got loose and chased him up a tree. Even in this terrifying situation, Norvell caused great laughter, as he shouted out from the tree top, \"Lord, if you don't help me, please don't help the bear!!\" [PAR] A born entertainer, Norvell developed a very melodic singing voice at family sing-a-longs. At the age of eight, he ran away from home and joined a troupe called Coburn's Minstrels, who he briefly toured with. After returning home, he was enrolled in a local boarding school, which he hated, causing him to run away again. [PAR] When he returned home, Emily, realizing what a great singing voice he had, sent him to receive singing lessons in Atlanta from the distinguished Adolf Dahm-Peterson. Norvell often skipped his lessons, instead earning $3.50 a week singing at the local Alcazar Theater. Returning home once more, Hardy's mother (probably to discipline him) put him in a military academy, which, as would be expected, the rambunctious Norvell hated. He was enrolled briefly at Young Harris college, but his heart was obviously in entertaining. [PAR] Around 1910, two important things happened in the life of Norvell Hardy. First, he changed his name from Norvell to Oliver Hardy. One story says he changed his name because he was advised to by a psychic or a numerologist, but possibly, he simply took on the name of his late, lamented father. [PAR] Second, he opened the first-ever movie theater in Milledgeville, Georgia. Ollie, besides being the movie theater's manager, was also its janitor, ticket taker, and projectionist. While watching and studying the movies on screen, Oliver thought he could act just as well, if not better, than the actors he saw. [PAR] He moved to Jacksonville,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Turn of the Screw - Israel Opera The Turn of the Screw - Israel Opera [PAR] More Photos \u00bb [PAR] The Turn of the Screw - Israel Opera [PAR] A new production of this mesmerizing opera by 20th century British composer Benjamin Britten, based on a novella by Henry James, about two children growing up in a picturesque British manor house haunted by ghosts. [PAR] Date & Time:[DOC] [TLE] The Turn of the Screw - Israel Opera The Turn of the Screw - Israel Opera [PAR] Plus d'images \u00bb [PAR] The Turn of the Screw - Israel Opera [PAR] A new production of this mesmerizing opera by 20th century British composer Benjamin Britten, based on a novella by Henry James, about two children growing up in a picturesque British manor house haunted by ghosts. [PAR] Date et heure:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mrs. Miniver (1942) - IMDb Mrs. Miniver (1942) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A British family struggles to survive the first months of World War II. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 06 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 30 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Mrs. Miniver \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 6 Oscars. Another 2 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The biopic of the famous French muckraking writer and his involvement in fighting the injustice of the Dreyfuss Affair. [PAR] Director: William Dieterle [PAR] Youthful Father Chuck O'Malley led a colorful life of sports, song, and romance before joining the Roman Catholic clergy, but his level gaze and twinkling eyes make it clear that he knows ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Leo McCarey [PAR] The rise and fall of a corrupt politician, who makes his friends richer and retains power by dint of a populist appeal. [PAR] Director: Robert Rossen [PAR] The ups and downs of Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. , famed producer of extravagant stage revues, are portrayed. [PAR] Director: Robert Z. Leonard [PAR] A reporter pretends to be Jewish in order to cover a story on anti-Semitism, and personally discovers the true depths of bigotry and hatred. [PAR] Director: Elia Kazan [PAR] Midshipman Roger Byam joins Captain Bligh and Fletcher Christian aboard HMS Bounty for a voyage to Tahiti. Bligh proves to be a brutal tyrant and, after six pleasant months on Tahiti, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Frank Lloyd [PAR] A group of very different individuals staying at a luxurious hotel in Berlin deal with each of their respective dramas. [PAR] Director: Edmund Goulding [PAR] A man from a family of rich snobs becomes engaged to a woman from a good-natured but decidedly eccentric family. [PAR] Director: Frank Capra [PAR] A middle-aged butcher and a school teacher who have given up on the idea of love meet at a dance and fall for each other. [PAR] Director: Delbert Mann [PAR] A newspaper editor settles in an Oklahoma boom town with his reluctant wife at the end of the nineteenth century. [PAR] Director: Wesley Ruggles [PAR] A cavalcade of English life from New Year's Eve 1899 until 1933 seen through the eyes of well-to-do Londoners Jane and Robert Marryot. Amongst events touching their family are the Boer War,... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Frank Lloyd [PAR] Prince Hamlet struggles over whether or not he should kill his uncle, whom he suspects has murdered his father, the former king. [PAR] Director: Laurence Olivier [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The Minivers, an English \"middle-class\" family experience life in the first months of World War II. While dodging bombs, the Minivers' son courts Lady Beldon's granddaughter. A rose is named after Mrs. Miniver and entered in the competition against Lady"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 8 | 1963: Train robbers make off with ... BBC ON THIS DAY | 8 | 1963: Train robbers make off with millions [PAR] 1963: Train robbers make off with millions [PAR] Thieves have ambushed the Glasgow to Euston mail train and stolen thousands of pounds. [PAR] Banks estimate they have lost over \u00a32m in used, untraceable banknotes in the biggest ever raid on a British train. [PAR] The Post Office train - known as the Up Special - had run every night, without interference, for 125 years until it was brought to a halt by a red light at 0315 GMT in Buckinghamshire. [PAR] This was obviously a brilliantly planned operation<br> [PAR] Det Supt Buckinghamshire CID<br> [PAR] Driver Jack Mills, 58, has been detained in hospital in Aylesbury with head injuries after being coshed by the raiders, who police believe were masked and armed with sticks and iron bars. [PAR] But most of the 75 mail sorters working on the train were unaware of the 20 minute incident as the thieves uncoupled the engine and front two carriages of the train and drove them up to Bridego Bridge a mile away. [PAR] There they broke into the second carriage - restraining the four postal workers inside - and loaded 120 mail and money bags into a lorry waiting on the road beneath. [PAR] Investigators - including Buckinghamshire Police, the British Transport Police and the Post Office - were on the scene, near Cheddington, in the early hours of the morning and found signals had been tampered with and telephone wires cut. [PAR] The Detective Superintendent of Buckinghamshire CID said: \"This was obviously a brilliantly planned operation.\" [PAR] Rewards totalling a record \u00a3260,000 have already been offered by insurers, banks and the Post Office for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the gang and return of the money. [PAR] The Postmaster-General Mr Bevins explained the robbery may have been an \"inside job\" and has called for a \"full and urgent\" inquiry into security on Royal Mail trains. [PAR] He was concerned the money on board had not been defaced, since much of it was en route to be destroyed. [PAR] Labour MP for Burnley Dan Jones proposed a bill to improve security on mail trains two years ago and in the House of Commons today expressed outrage that the matter had still not been addressed. [PAR] In Context [PAR] The total amount stolen was put at \u00a32.6m in a heist that became known as the Great Train Robbery. <br> [PAR] After a massive police operation the gang's abandoned hideout was found at Leatherslade Farm in Bedfordshire. <br> [PAR] Just over six months later 12 - of a gang of 15 - thieves were sentenced to jail-terms totalling more than 300 years. <br> [PAR] The robbery's mastermind, Bruce Reynolds, evaded capture until 1969, when he was given a 10 year sentence. <br> [PAR] In the meantime two of his accomplices - Charlie Wilson and Ronnie Biggs - escaped. <br> [PAR] Biggs only returned to the UK in 2001 for medical treatment and was imprisoned to serve the remainder of his 28 year sentence. He was released in August 2009 on compassionate grounds after suffering several strokes.<br> [PAR] Jack Mills never worked again and died in 1970. <br>[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - The Great Train Robbery: How it happened BBC News - The Great Train Robbery: How it happened [PAR] Print [PAR] The Great Train Robbery: How it happened [PAR] Just after 3am on 8 August, 1963 the night mail train from Glasgow"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bastille: Living hell and 5-star hotel - The History Blog The History Blog \u00bb Blog Archive \u00bb The Bastille: Living hell and 5-star hotel [PAR] The Bastille: Living hell and 5-star hotel [PAR] A new exhibit at the Arsenal Library branch of the French National Library called \u201c La Bastille, or a Living Hell \u201d is putting on display archives and artifacts of life inside the Bastille , fortress, prison and symbol of royal injustice whose destruction launched a revolution. The prison archives were thrown into ditches by the Parisians who stormed the Bastille on the 14th of July 1789. Nine years passed before the administrator of the Arsenal Library was able to get his hands on them, and there they remained generating surprisingly little interest for the next couple hundred years. [PAR] This exhibit is the first time the archives and artifacts have been gathered together for a comprehensive look at how prisoners in the Bastille really lived, as opposed to the fictional representations of revolutionary misinformation and propaganda. The high profile prisoners like Voltaire and the Marquis de Sade actually led a pretty cushy existence, complete with suites of rooms, their own furniture and dinner parties with outside guests. [PAR] Even the poor prisoners \u2014 forgers, printers, Huguenots \u2014 lived in far more comfortable conditions than prisoners in any other prison in Paris. They each had their own cells and the prison could only hold a maximum of 50 prisoners, so there wasn\u2019t anything like the squalor and horror that characterized most prisons. [PAR] They were still in a 14th century fortress, though, locked behind 3 triple-locked doors, with highly restricted, censored communications and enforced secrecy. Prisoners were sent to the Bastille by secret order of the King. There was no trial, not even any explanation of the charges. [PAR] People were not put in the Bastille for crimes such as theft or murder. They were there for troubling the social order. This included Protestants, homosexuals, prostitutes, traitors, and anyone who dared say anything against the king or his reign \u2014 which meant most of the prisoners were authors, publishers and book peddlers. [PAR] Life inside the Bastille had its limitations, and communications with the outside world were strictly controlled. One prisoner sent a message on his handkerchief written out of coffee and soot, on display in the exhibit. Another smuggled his out in a cheese. One prisoner sewed a message onto a piece of cloth, claiming his innocence and asking whoever found it to help him. [PAR] \u201cSecret is the word that defines this prison. Prisoners who left the Bastille would have to sign a register promising to never talk about the prisoners they saw in the Bastille or what they lived through,\u201d Dutray said. [PAR] One story in the archives describes a terminally ill Protestant woman who was sent to the Bastille. Her daughter was allowed to accompany her even though the daughter was not technically under arrest. She remained by her mother\u2019s side, hiding the truth of how ill her mother was from her captors to ensure she would not be forcibly converted to Catholicism, until her death. Once the woman died, officials didn\u2019t want to release the daughter because she might talk, so they just kept her prisoner in the Bastille for a few years until finally sending her to a convent for the newly converted. [PAR] It was that secrecy which fed the rumors of torture and dark doings that would make the Bastille a symbol of royal abuse and a primary revolutionary target. When 8000 people stormed it on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Septicaemia (sepsis) - IrishHealth Septicaemia (sepsis) [PAR] Septicaemia (sepsis) [PAR] How is it treated? [PAR] What is septicaemia? [PAR] Septicaemia, also known as sepsis, is a potentially life-threatening infection in which large amounts of bacteria are present in the blood. It is commonly referred to as blood poisoning. [PAR] What causes it? [PAR] Septicaemia usually arises as a result of localised infection in the body. The primary site of infection may occur in the respiratory system, the skin, the gastrointestinal system or the genitourinary system. It may coincide with very aggressive infections such as meningitis. [PAR] Bacteria usually spill over from the primary infection site into the blood and are carried throughout the body thereby spreading infection to various systems of the body. [PAR] Infection spreads throughout the body via the blood stream. [PAR] What are the symptoms? [PAR] The affected person may have symptoms of the associated condition that triggered the septicaemia such as symptoms of pneumonia or severe urinary infection. [PAR] The condition usually begins with fever and chills. Drenching sweats may occur. The heart rate and respiratory rate (number of breaths per minute) rise in association with the rising fever. The affected individual will feel very ill indeed with profound feelings of weakness. [PAR] As the condition evolves the person may begin to feel very cold and clammy. The blood pressure starts to fall and the person may lapse into unconsciousness. [PAR] The skin becomes very pale and the person may exhibit petechiae. Petechiae are tiny spots on the skin, which do not blanch when a glass tumbler is applied to the skin. [PAR] How is it diagnosed? [PAR] Septicaemia requires admission to an acute general hospital and may necessitate admission to an intensive care unit. The definitive test for diagnosing the condition is called a blood culture. This involves the taking of a small sample of blood and incubating it in the laboratory. If septicaemia is present bacteria will be detected and these can be studied further to establish which antibiotics will be effective against them. [PAR] How is it treated? [PAR] Septicaemia is a rapidly progressive condition and the sufferer usually looks very ill even to the non-medical person. If the person does not receive urgent medical care the condition can evolve very rapidly into irreversible toxic shock. [PAR] Septicaemia usually requires intravenous treatment. This facilitates the speedy administration of antibiotics and other drugs. Intravenous fluids also help to maintain the blood pressure. [PAR] It is necessary to begin antibiotic treatment while waiting for the blood culture results. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually used, which are antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of bacteria. Once the results of the blood culture are available the antibiotic being prescribed may be changed to one more specific for the particular bacteria causing the septicaemia.[DOC] [TLE] MRSA Medical - MRSA Medical MRSA Infection CAMRSA MRSA Medical - MRSA Medical MRSA Infection CAMRSA [PAR] MRSA Medical MRSA Infection CAMRSA [PAR] MRSA Infection - Cure for MRSA and CA-MRSA [PAR] MRSA Infections - MRSA Symptoms - MRSA Prevention - MRSA Cure - Treatment and Cure Information for Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [PAR] MRSA or Staph Infection, can lead to infection of the blood (Bacteraemia). [PAR] CA-MRSA - Community Acquired MRSA is now on the increase. [PAR] Prevention however, is better than cure. [PAR] Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, Medical Information and Cure Information for MRSA infection and Staph Infection is now available through this website. Read about us: About MRSA medical [PAR] (Last Updated on 28th February 2015) [PAR] MRSA medical was first established in May 2006 and is continuously"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Samwise Gamgee : Wikis (The Full Wiki) Samwise Gamgee : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Samwise Gamgee [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Samwise Gamgee [PAR] Samwise Gamgee, later known as Samwise Gardner [1] and commonly as Sam, is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium . Samwise is one of the chief characters in Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings , in which he fills an archetypical role as the sidekick of the protagonist , Frodo Baggins . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Middle-earth portal [PAR] Samwise Gamgee is first introduced in The Fellowship of the Ring . Sam is Frodo Baggins ' gardener, having inherited the position as Bag End's gardener from his father, Hamfast \"Gaffer\" Gamgee. At the time of the War of the Ring, Sam was living in Number 3, Bagshot Row with his father. [PAR] As \"punishment\" for eavesdropping on Gandalf 's conversation with Frodo regarding the One Ring , Sam was made Frodo's first companion on his journey to Rivendell . They were joined by Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took , Frodo's cousins, and journeyed together to Rivendell where the Council of Elrond took place. [PAR] When the Fellowship was split up at the Falls of Rauros , Sam insisted on accompanying Frodo. As Frodo became progressively weaker under the burden of the Ring, Sam carried most of the luggage, cooked, kept watch at night whenever he could, and rationed the food so Frodo had enough for the journey. Sam distrusted Gollum who became their guide into Mordor. [PAR] After the giant spider Shelob apparently killed Frodo, Sam drove her off. When a band of orcs approached, Sam was forced to leave Frodo and take the Ring himself, and briefly became a Ring-Bearer . Uniquely among the Ring-Bearers, he threw off the Ring's promise of power with barely a moment of temptation, and used its power of invisibility to rescue Frodo, who had only been paralysed, from the Orcs who held him captive. The two then journeyed alone through many dangers to the eventual climax of the story and the destruction of the ring at Mount Doom . [PAR] After the hobbits' return home and the Battle of Bywater , Sam travelled the length and breadth of the Shire replanting trees that had been cut down during Saruman 's brief reign. He used the gift of earth given to him by the Lady Galadriel , which caused the saplings he planted to grow at an accelerated rate. The small amount remaining he took to the Three-Farthing Stone (roughly the centre of the Shire) and cast into the air, prompting the bountiful period of growth starting in the spring of the year 1420 ( Shire Reckoning ). The greatest wonder was a young mallorn tree sprouting in the Party Field: \"the only mallorn west of the Mountains and east of the Sea\" (grown from a nut included as part of Galadriel's gift). [PAR] After the War of the Ring, Sam married Rose \"Rosie\" Cotton and moved to Bag End with Frodo. Sam and Rosie had thirteen children: Elanor the Fair , Frodo, Rose, Merry, Pippin, Goldilocks, Hamfast, Daisy, Primrose, Bilbo, Ruby, Robin, and Tolman (Tom). Sam was elected Mayor of the Shire for seven consecutive seven-year terms and came"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many different Euro coin denominations are there ... How many different Euro coin denominations are there? | Reference.com [PAR] How many different Euro coin denominations are there? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] There are eight denominations of euro coins. The largest are the \u20ac1 and \u20ac2 coins, followed by 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cent coins. One side of each coin depicts its value while the other carries a unique design from the issuing country. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Some countries, such as Ireland, choose to have the same design on the national side of all their coins. Others, such as Italy, have different designs for each denomination. The value side of each denomination of a euro coin remains the same, regardless of where in the eurozone the coin was originally issued. Despite the many variations, any euro coin may be used to pay for goods and services wherever the euro is used as currency."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Does Florentine Mean? (Culinary Arts Definition) What Does Florentine (or \u00e0 la Florentine) Mean in Cooking? [PAR] By Danilo Alfaro [PAR] Updated October 31, 2016. [PAR] In the culinary arts, the word Florentine (pronounced \"FLOR-en-teen\"), or the term \u00e0 la Florentine, refers to a recipe that is prepared in the style of the Italian region of Florence. [PAR] The easiest way to remember what it means is that a Florentine-style recipe features spinach. [PAR] Specifically, a dish prepared \u00e0 la Florentine will feature some main ingredient, such as eggs, poultry or fish, served on a bed of spinach which has been cooked in butter, then topped with Mornay sauce and grated cheese, and finally browned under the broiler. [PAR] One common dish with the Florentine moniker is eggs Florentine, a variation on eggs Benedict featuring a poached egg served over a bed of spinach (in place of the ham) on a grilled English muffin. It's served with Mornay sauce instead of hollandaise sauce , although it's not uncommon to find it served with hollandaise in a lot of restaurants. [PAR] And while spinach is characteristic of a dish prepared \u00e0 la Florentine, a pile of steamed spinach is a far cry from the traditional Florentine method of gently simmering the spinach in melted butter. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Sharpen a Knife Like a Professional [PAR] And not cooked and then a little bit of butter stirred in. Simmered in butter. [PAR] If that sounds decadent, consider that the technique is said to originate with Florence-born Catherine de Medici's, or rather her chefs, who accompanied her to France upon her marriage to the Duke of Orleans and future king. [PAR] Spinach is thought to have been brought to Sicily by Arab merchants over 1,200 years ago, and the plant thrived in Italy, Spain and elsewhere across the Mediterranean region. Thus spinach is not so much a Florence thing as a Catherine de Medici thing. [PAR] Even so, I can't help wondering which scenario is more plausible: that the future queen of France, aged 14 at the time, was so devoted to spinach that she endeavored to bring bundles of it with her to her wedding (indeed, in some versions of the legend, such is Catherine's preternatural obsession with the leafy vegetable that she brings spinach seeds, with an eye toward cultivating them after the nuptial ceremony); [PAR] OR, that upon arriving in Marseille, the site of the wedding, her chefs discovered an abundance of spinach, owing to the similar Mediterranean climate, and went ahead and cooked with it because it was a familiar ingredient [PAR] I hate to debunk these beautiful legends, but honestly I think the latter is much more likely, don't you? [PAR] In any case, strictly speaking, in addition to buttered spinach, a Florentine-style dish needs Mornay sauce, grated cheese and an au gratin finish. Which means the version of eggs Florentine described above, is technically just eggs with spinach. But don't mention this fact to your server at brunch this weekend, because I guarantee they will not be amused. [PAR] Note that the word florentine also has another definition not related to recipes made with spinach and Mornay sauce. There's a thin, crunchy wafer or cookie that also goes by the name florentine. This florentine cookie is made with honey and nuts and is sometimes coated with chocolate."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 29 August 1966: The Beatles' final concert in Candlestick ... 29 August 1966: The Beatles' final concert in Candlestick Park, San Francisco | The Beatles Bible [PAR] Ringo Starr [PAR] Anthology [PAR] The Park's capacity was 42,500, but only 25,000 tickets were sold, leaving large sections of unsold seats. Fans paid between $4.50 and $6.50 for tickets, and The Beatles' fee was around $90,000. The show's promoter was local company Tempo Productions. [PAR] The Beatles took 65% of the gross, the city of San Francisco took 15% of paid admissions and were given 50 free tickets. This arrangement, coupled with low ticket sales and other unexpected expenses resulted in a financial loss for Tempo Productions. [PAR] Candlestick Park was the home of the baseball team the San Francisco Giants. The stage was located just behind second base on the field, and was five feet high and surrounded by a six-foot high wire fence. [PAR] The comp\u00e8re was 'Emperor' Gene Nelson of KYA 1260 AM, and the support acts were, in order of appearance, The Remains, Bobby Hebb, The Cyrkle and The Ronettes. The show began at 8pm. [PAR] I was the MC, and, as any Giants fans will know, Candlestick Park in August, at night, was cold, foggy and windy. The funniest thing this night was one of the warm-up acts, Bobby Hebb. He stood up on the stage at Candlestick Park, with the fog, and the wind blowing, and he was singing 'Sunny'! It was tough anyway to work a ballpark as an MC, especially as The Beatles were taking their time to get out. I was trying to entertain a crowd that was shouting, 'Beatles, Beatles, Beatles.' [PAR] The dressing room was chaos. There were loads of people there. The press tried to get passes for their kids and the singer Joan Baez was in there. Any local celebrity, who was in town, was in the dressing room. They were having a party in there. They were having a perfectly wonderful time, while I was freezing my buns off on second base! [PAR] 'Emperor' Gene Nelson [PAR] The Beatles Off The Record, Keith Badman [PAR] The Beatles took to the stage at 9.27pm, and performed 11 songs: Rock And Roll Music , She's A Woman , If I Needed Someone , Day Tripper , Baby's In Black , I Feel Fine , Yesterday , I Wanna Be Your Man , Nowhere Man , Paperback Writer and Long Tall Sally . [PAR] The group knew it was to be their final concert. Recognising its significance, John Lennon and Paul McCartney took a camera onto the stage, with which they took pictures of the crowd, the rest of the group, and themselves at arm's length. [PAR] Before one of the last numbers, we actually set up this camera, I think it had a fisheye, a wide-angle lens. We set it up on the amplifier and Ringo came off the drums, and we stood with our backs to the audience and posed for a photograph, because we knew that was the last show. [PAR] George Harrison [PAR] The Beatles Off The Record, Keith Badman [PAR] As The Beatles made their way to Candlestick Park, Paul McCartney asked their press officer Tony Barrow to make a recording of the concert on audio cassette, using a hand-held recorder. The cassette lasted 30 minutes on each side, and, as Barrow didn't flip it during the show, the recording cut off during final song Long Tall Sally . [PAR] There was a sort of end of term spirit thing going on, and there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Italian Job (2003 film) - worldwizzy.com The Italian Job (2003 film) [PAR] The Italian Job (2003 film) [PAR] Learn more about The Italian Job (2003 film) [PAR] DVD Cover for The Italian Job [PAR] Directed by [PAR] The Italian Job is a 2003 action - adventure film, directed by F. Gary Gray . This film stars Mark Wahlberg , Charlize Theron , and Donald Sutherland . This is a loose remake of the original 1969 classic film The Italian Job starring Michael Caine . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ edit ] Plot summary [PAR] Spoiler warning : Plot and/or ending details follow. [PAR] The film opens in Venice, Italy with the \"leader\" John Bridger ( Donald Sutherland ) on the phone giving his daughter Stella ( Charlize Theron ) the \"this is my last job\" speech. John then meets up with the \"planner\" Charlie ( Mark Wahlberg ) to discuss the job. Both John and Charlie are good friends, and the two have a great amount of respect for each other. [PAR] Charlie plans and executes a well crafted and swiftly executed robbery, involving the heist of gold bars. During this sequence, the rest of the ensemble comes into the fold. Steve ( Edward Norton ) is the \"inside man\", Handsome Rob ( Jason Statham ) is a very proficient \"wheel man\". Left Ear ( Mos Def ) is the explosives expert and Lyle( who later demands the handle Napster ) ( Seth Green ) is the technical expert. The heist is a success and the celebrating begins, but the euphoria doesn't last long. A traitor among the group (Steve) has his own plans, and doesn't waste time seizing the gold, killing Bridger, and leaving the rest of the team for dead. [PAR] The film continues back in the United States, with Stella ( Charlize Theron ) using her expertise to break into vaults, for legitimate reasons. Charlie recruits Stella, since she has the required expertise and motivation to participate in the payback heist. Once Stella agrees to join the team, the heist begins. [PAR] The last half of the film takes place in Los Angeles, California , and involves the payback heist. The actual heist at the end of the film is a chase sequence, involving a major traffic jam and the use of MINI Coopers . [PAR] Spoilers end here. [PAR] [ edit ] Trivia [PAR] James Bond screenwriters Neal Purvis and Robert Wade wrote the first draft of the screenplay, a fairly faithful translation of the original with a prologue set in World War II in which Charlie Croker 's father tries and fails to recover the gold (tying the film in with Troy Kennedy Martin 's other heist film Kelly's Heroes ). A new story was commissioned from writing team the Powers that relocated the action to L.A. . Early posters and the trailer still credited Purvis and Wade as co-writers. [PAR] Edward Norton has made it clear that his participation is a result of contractual obligation, not choice. After making his film debut in Paramount 's Primal Fear - for which he was paid $60,000 - Norton accepted an offer from the studio of a million dollars for his next movie. Seven years later, he was a big star but had still not made that film for Paramount. The studio offered him the supporting role in The Italian Job for $1 million, at a time when his usual salary was $8 million, and Norton reluctantly accepted.[ citation needed ] [PAR] While the thieves are spying on Steve Frezelli in his home, Michael Caine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] cairnduff and carnduff website - Ancestry.com cairnduff and carnduff website [PAR] Scottish History by Ian Kerr [PAR] For non-commercial private study and research only [PAR] The racial mixture of the populations of the British Isles is highly complex; largely due to the continued movement of significant portions of the population throughout recorded history. The population of Scotland in the 16th and early 17th centuries was made up from the remnants of the early Celtic inhabitants of the British Isles, of Roman invaders and settlers, the Angles, Jutes, Saxon and Viking invaders of the Dark Ages from continental Europe, later Flemings from the Low Countries and the Normans (themselves of Viking origin) who came north after the conquest of England in 1066. The Irish population at the same time was a mix of the early Celts, Picts and other Hibernian invaders plus Viking and other incomers. [PAR] The movement of people between Scotland, England and Ireland over the centuries has been driven by a variety of pressures; political, economic, family ties, religious issues and the problems suffered during times of all types of armed conflict and war. There is also a very long history of such movements from the days of the Viking invaders in the Dark Ages of the 5th to 7th centuries up to the times of the potato blight in Ireland of the mid 19th century. [PAR] Some movements have sometimes been loosely referred to as clearances; there were several actual clearance campaigns in Scotland and in Ireland, conducted either directly by the English/British Crown or by substantial land-owners on with the tacit support of a benign government. Although history and romantic fiction tend to focus on the Highland Clearances in Scotland, they were effected across the whole of Scotland; evicting, if not wiping out, the resident Highlander, Lowlander or Borderer populations. Similarly, the massive movement of people from Ireland before, during and after the potato blight and consequent famine (the Great Hunger) of the 1840s has attracted much interest; sometimes obscuring substantial but otherwise routine movements at other times. [PAR] The \"dark romance\" of such Celtic evictions obscures the scale of movements of people from other parts of Britain and Europe. There are clearly documented forced migrations of people, especially religious minorities or economically disadvantaged classes, from the south west of England to the Americas and from Kent to Australia. A remarkably similar modern campaign, the forced emigration of orphans from all parts of Great Britain to Australia, only ceased in the 1950s. [PAR] Geographical Factors [PAR] It should be recalled that the West Coast of Scotland has a mass of sea- lochs and two belts of islands; the Inner and Outer Hebrides. Furthermore, the County Antrim and County Down coasts of Ireland are very close to Scotland, north-west England and the Isle of Man. The local fishing industry, small-scale trading and the historic movements of populations ensured ready movement by sea between what are now seen as separate countries. In times of crisis, famine or war it was sometimes safer to move family and flocks to another safer or more economically attractive residence. Such escapes were often followed within a generation by a return to the original homeland once conditions there had returned to normal. It is understandable that the family histories of many of the surnames represented in Scotland, Ulster and even Northern England are quite confused. [PAR] In an extreme example of routine movements, it should be recalled that in the 18th and 19th centuries, the people of St Kilda (some 40 miles into the Atlantic, west of the Outer Hebrides) were"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles archive from November 11, 2011 - Daily Herald Articles archive from November 11, 2011 [PAR] Business is exploding for Elk Grove firm [PAR] By Bill Zars [PAR] If you rank your movies by how many explosions there are, you'll want to take a look behind the scenes at Airtronics USA in Elk Grove Village. The small-arms manufacturer produces rocket-propelled grenades, etc for military use. [PAR] [PAR] Schools\u2019 ceremonies touch veterans\u2019 hearts [PAR] By Susan Sarkauskas [PAR] Geneva Middle Schools North and South presented their 15th annual Veterans Day ceremony _ and again, it was a big hit with the veterans. \"I was absolutely blown away by what you have done for us today,\" said Navy veteran Doug Falls. [PAR] [PAR] Lawmakers punt on pensions as liability balloons [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] Illinois' $85 billion pension problem is going to keep growing. Civic and business groups had hoped lawmakers would shore up state pension systems during their fall session. But no decisions were made, either on cutting employee benefits or making up for skimping on pension support in the past. [PAR] [PAR] Commuters concerned with Metra fare hikes [PAR] By Marni Pyke [PAR] Metra fares are going up an average of 29 percent for 10-ride and monthly passes after a vote by the board of the suburban commuter rail service Friday. Officials there say it's necessary, but commuters react with concern. [PAR] [PAR] Daily Herald report [PAR] Five people were transported to the hospital following a two-vehicle crash in Naperville Friday night, authorities said. [PAR] [PAR] Doctors: Test all kids for cholesterol by age 11 [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] CHICAGO \u2014 Every child should be tested for high cholesterol as early as age 9 \u2014 surprising new advice from a government panel that suggests screening kids in grade school for a problem more common in middle age.The idea will come as a shock to most parents. And it\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds certain to stir debate. [PAR] [PAR] Carol Stream brothers arrive on 10/10/10 and 11/11/11 [PAR] Daily Herald report [PAR] It won't be easy for family members to forget the birthdays of brothers Liam and Mason Brennan of Carol Stream. Mason was born on 10/10/10, and Liam was born Friday, 11/11/11. [PAR] [PAR] Newlyweds in Hawaii crash were Pa. engineers [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] HONOLULU \u2014 A couple killed on board a helicopter that crashed on Molokai island were nuclear engineers from the Pittsburgh area who were married less than a week earlier. Nicole and Michael Abel both worked for Westinghouse Electric Co., company spokesman Vaughn Gilbert said Friday. [PAR] [PAR] IAEA shows Iran nuke program intel to 35 nations [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] VIENNA \u2014 In a show-and-tell based on secret intelligence, the U.N. atomic agency shared satellite images, letters and diagrams with 35 nations Friday as it sought to underpin its case that Iran apparently worked secretly on developing a nuclear weapon. [PAR] [PAR] Utah mayor used alias to write upbeat news stories [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] SALT LAKE CITY \u2014 Disguising himself with an alias, the mayor of Utah\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds second-largest city has been writing upbeat freelance articles about his town for area news outlets because he claimed the media spent too much time on crime coverage.He unapologetically revealed himself this week, insisting the balance was needed. [PAR] [PAR] Bering Sea storm riders find Alaska ways of coping [PAR] Associated Press [PAR] ANCHORAGE, Alaska \u2014 Hardy Alaskans turned to ingenuity, cooperation, and in some cases, native culture to deal with the worst storm on the state\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds western coast in almost four decades. [PAR] [PAR] 2 Texas women charged with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Napoleon and Josephine - The Napoleon Series Napoleon and Josephine [PAR] Napoleon and Josephine [PAR] By John Schneider Editor of Editor of Napoleonic Literature [PAR] Napoleon became a general at a very young age and was put in a position of authority where the generals and almost all other officers he commanded were older than him. He felt that this wasn't a satisfactory situation and concluded that if he married a woman older than himself, he might claim to be older than he actually was and thereby obtain a little more respect from his officers. He also wanted to marry a rich, older woman. [PAR] After the battle of Toulon and after saving the Directory from the Paris mob, Napoleon was invited to a party given by one of the Directors, Paul Barras. In effect, Barras was the next best thing to being king of France at the time. Barras envisioned using Napoleon's military talents for his own political and personal benefit. Barras also had at that time a mistress that he wanted to get rid of (Marie-Josephe-Rose de Beauharnais) because he had decided to take her best friend as his new mistress and couldn't afford to keep both. He knew that Napoleon was looking for a wife. He therefore decided to marry his mistress off to Napoleon; however, he didn't tell her this. He just told her that he wanted her to entertain Napoleon at the party and show an interest in him and praise his military skills. Well, this was all Napoleon needed. A beautiful woman fawning over him, apparently well to do, a member of the old aristocracy that had escaped the guillotine, she was older than himself but not too much (he thought), and she displayed keen interest in him (he thought). This, and a little urging from Barras after the party, was all that Napoleon needed to pursue her hand in marriage. Barras assured Napoleon that she had money, that she was a good catch, and that she would make a perfect wife for him. [PAR] Napoleon began to pursue Rose. By the way, he didn't like her name so he told her he would call her Josephine. He pursued and pursued and Josephine kept humoring him. Finally, Barras strongly advised her to marry Napoleon. She said she would not. Then Barras told her that he had a new mistress, that he couldn't afford to maintain them both, that she was very expensive to maintain, and that if she didn't marry Napoleon he would stop providing for her and she would, in effect, be thrown out on the street. This was the one thing that Josephine couldn't bear. She was a compulsive spender. Another concern was her two children, Eugene and Hortense. Therefore, she gave in and agreed to marry Napoleon. By the way, she was much older than Napoleon thought and, although she said she was still of child bearing age, knew that she was barren and had been so for some time. [PAR] They were married and a few days later Napoleon departed to Italy. He genuinely loved Josephine at this time. She despised him and thought he was a total bore. As soon as he was gone she began playing around on him. As time went on she had a string of lovers, pretended to miss him very much in response to his daily love letters, and did everything in her power to avoid going to join him in Italy as he was constantly urging. She even went so far as to pretend she was pregnant and couldn't travel. All"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beef, Ingredients | Delia Online Beef, Ingredients | Delia Online [PAR] Delia Online [PAR] Login + Sign up [PAR] Beef [PAR] I am personally a great lover of both fish and vegetarian food, but I am also a dedicated meat-eater. [PAR] Slow roasting: Topside and top rump: are very lean cuts of beef for slow roasting. Either is best served rare or medium rare carved into large, thin slices, something easy to do as there are no bones Silverside and, again, top rump are both good for pot roasting, too. [PAR] The principle of pot roasting is long, slow cooking of the meat in a fairly heavy cooking pot (with a tight-fitting lid) in a small amount of liquid which can be stock, wine or cider. This creates a steamy atmosphere inside the closed pot, which keeps the joint moist as it cooks. Herbs and vegetables may be added too, and sometimes the meat is marinated first. The finished dish should be very tender and succulent. [PAR] Roast beef: If you want to serve the roast meat of old England for a special occasion, it\u2019s best to get as large a joint as possible. The perfect roast includes a lovely crusty outside and lots of tender, succulent meat within. My advice is to buy a decent-sized piece of sirloin for a special occasion, and otherwise a double rib joint (which as it happens is next door, anatomically). [PAR] When you buy a piece of sirloin, make sure it contains the eye or undercut, which some butchers take out and sell as fillet steak (which it is). A decent joint of sirloin on the bone will weigh 4-5 lb (2-2.5 kg). If you are worried that your family is too small to cope with a large joint, bear in mind that good roast beef is delicious cold with chutney and jacket potatoes, and minced it makes lovely cottage pie. [PAR] Steaks: the prime beef steak cut is the fillet or tenderloin which runs beneath the lower backbone. Fillet steaks or the smaller filet mignon steaks (tournedos) are unadulterated tender, juicy nuggets of luxury that are excellent plainly grilled, or fried, or wrapped in pastry with a mushroom stuffing. Sirloin steak, which is a section of the sirloin joint, comes a close second for melting tenderness and is definitely spoil-yourself food. Rump steak does bring up the rear in terms of tenderness \u2013 it is a rougher cut \u2013 but full of flavour. Some say it is best for frying or grilling, but it can be braised. [PAR] Stewing and braising: I find certain cuts of so-called \u2018braising steak\u2019 better for some dishes than for others, so that in all my recipes I generally name the cut and suggest you always ask for it by name too. Unidentified stewing or braising steak can often be a mixture and can cook unevenly, I\u2019ve found. Below is a list of the cuts that are suitable for braising (and stewing too); as you would see from a chart these cuts are always from the same part of the animal\u2019s anatomy but, confusingly, the way they\u2019re cut varies from region to region. [PAR] My own favourite cut for braising, where I live in East Anglia is called chuck and blade steak. In other regions it can be called shoulder, which is exactly where it is. If you want large pieces of meat rather than cubes, thick flank is suitable: actually from the hindquarters and called round or flesh end in Scotland or bedpiece elsewhere. Beef skirt comes from below the diaphragm of the animal."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Megapode - definition of megapode by The Free Dictionary Megapode - definition of megapode by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Megapode - definition of megapode by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/megapode [PAR] (m\u0115g\u2032\u0259-p\u014dd\u2032) [PAR] n. [PAR] Any of various large-footed, ground-dwelling birds of the family Megapodiidae, found in Australia, Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific islands, that build mounds or burrows of earth and compost in which to incubate their eggs. Also called mound builder. [PAR] [From Megapodius, type genus : mega- + New Latin -podius, masculine of -podium, -pod.] [PAR] megapode [PAR] (\u02c8m\u025b\u0261\u0259\u02ccp\u0259\u028ad) [PAR] n [PAR] (Animals) any ground-living gallinaceous bird of the family Megapodiidae, of Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands. Their eggs incubate in mounds of sand, rotting vegetation, etc, by natural heat. Also called: mound-builder or moundbird See also brush turkey , mallee fowl [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] leipoa , Leipoa ocellata , lowan , mallee fowl - Australian mound bird; incubates eggs naturally in sandy mounds [PAR] Alectura lathami , brush turkey - black megapode of wooded regions of Australia and New Guinea [PAR] Macrocephalon maleo , maleo - Celebes megapode that lays eggs in holes in sandy beaches [PAR] Translations [PAR] meg\u00e1podo [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] maleo [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] He ate out of a sense of necessity and duty, and cared little for what he ate, save for one thing: the eggs of the megapodes that were, in season, laid in his private, personal, strictly tabooed megapode laying-yard. [PAR] The relationship between animal foraging and nutrient patchiness in south-west Australian woodland soils [PAR] The Navy prepared an environmental impact statement (EIS) to consider the impact on migratory birds, consulted with the FWS under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (15) to assess the effects on the protected Micronesian megapode, and identified and implemented mitigation measures to avoid and minimize adverse impacts. [PAR] \"Excuse me, sir, do you have a permit for that bomb?\" (military installations and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act) [PAR] Spreading east from Wallace's Line, Wallacea is a sort of no-man's land between Asian and Australian realms, the exclusive home of many strange creatures like the dragons of Komodo, the dwarf buffalos of Sulawesi, and the megapode birds of the Moluccas."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why the Queen is never going to abdicate - Telegraph Why the Queen is never going to abdicate - Telegraph [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Why the Queen is never going to abdicate [PAR] The House of Windsor won\u2019t follow Queen Beatrix\u2019s example in the Netherlands. Our monarch believes the job is God-given and for life [PAR] Firm favourite: it is really the popular respect that keeps the Queen on the throne Photo: Geoff Pugh [PAR] By Harry Mount [PAR] Comments [PAR] Prince Charles must sometimes wish he could go Dutch. Aged only 74, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands has just chosen to hand over the throne to her 45-year-old son, Prince Willem-Alexander. Meanwhile, our 86-year-old Queen shows no signs of passing on the top job to her 64-year-old heir, the oldest ever Prince of Wales. [PAR] Is there any chance our Queen will follow Dutch precedent? Not an earthly, is the consensus among royal insiders. [PAR] \u201cShe won\u2019t abdicate,\u201d says Sarah Bradford, author of Queen Elizabeth II: Her Life in Our Times. \u201cThat\u2019s not what she does, or what the British monarchy does. There\u2019s no tradition of abdication here \u2013 it goes against the informal rules of our constitutional set-up. But it is what the Netherlands Royal Family does.\u201d [PAR] Queen Beatrix is the third Dutch queen in a row to hand over power voluntarily. In 1948, the 68-year-old Queen Wilhelmina, Beatrix\u2019s grandmother, abdicated due to ill health, after 58 years on the throne. Her daughter, Queen Juliana, reigned for 32 years until she was 71, when she handed on the throne to her daughter. [PAR] Abdication is fast becoming a tradition in Holland. But it\u2019s a tradition that\u2019s in no danger of catching on over here. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Coronation robes to form centrepiece of Buckingham Palace summer opening [PAR] 24 Jan 2013 [PAR] \u201cThe links between the British and the Dutch royal families are strong \u2013 Queen Beatrix\u2019s grandmother, Queen Wilhelmina, was evacuated to Britain during the Second World War,\u201d says Bradford. \u201cBut that doesn\u2019t mean they share the same attitudes. In fact, when you got a Dutch king coming over here, like William III, he stuck to the English ways and didn\u2019t abdicate.\u201d [PAR] Britain hasn\u2019t just had a monarchy that\u2019s lasted more than a millennium, it\u2019s also had monarchs who keep ruling right to the end. [PAR] That might be a sticky end \u2013 whether it\u2019s Charles I losing his head in 1649; or William Rufus, with an arrow through his lung in the New Forest in 1100; or Richard III, killed on Bosworth battlefield in 1485 and thought to be buried beneath a municipal car park in Leicester. [PAR] British monarchs are allowed to go mad, like George III. They can turn hermit, like Queen Victoria, dubbed the Widow of Windsor after her self-enforced seclusion in Windsor Castle on Prince Albert\u2019s death. But one thing runs through their blue bloodline \u2013 they keep hanging on, until death parts them from the throne. [PAR] \u201cI do feel sorry for the Prince of Wales, waiting and waiting, while his mother looks better and better,\u201d says Bradford. \u201cShe\u2019s not staying on because of any concern about his abilities as a king. The Queen simply feels she must do her duty, and she\u2019s never even contemplated abdication.\u201d [PAR] Ironically, one of the factors that keeps the Queen resolutely in harness is the only voluntary abdication in British history: that of her uncle, Edward VIII, in 1936. The crisis rocked the country, the monarchy, the Church of England and the Queen\u2019s personal life. [PAR] It was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Texas, The Lone Star State: Posole (Pozole) - barrypopik.com Texas, The Lone Star State: Posole (Pozole) [PAR] Cerveza marca Budweiser [PAR] 30 May 1926, New York Times, pg. XX9: [PAR] In northern Yucatan he found Indians putting out bowls of posole (a drink made or corn) as offerings to the Wind God. [PAR] December 1934, National Geographic Magazine, pg. 784, col. 2: [PAR] Outside, several persons lay dozing, while an old woman stirred a caldron of boiling corn called pozole. [PAR] 24 December 1936, Port Arthur (TX) News, pg. 14, col. 2: [PAR] Bob Cooper and the Missus delighted a few friends Tuesday night with a chili, tamale and posole supper, which, according to the gourmands attending, was not only \u201cum-yah-yah\u201d but scrumptious delectable and fit for the Duke of Windsor. [PAR] November 1937, Scientific Monthly, pg. 465: [PAR] Mayas generally drink pozole, which consists of raw corn meal in cold water. [PAR] 14 October 1938, Oakland (CA) Tribune, editorial pg., col. 3: [PAR] The noon day consisted of pozole, a gruel to which meat, beans, peas, lentils or garbanzos, were added according to the seasons of the year. [PAR] 17 November 1938, Albuquerque (NM) Journal, pg. 6, col. 3: [PAR] Supper with posole, a native New Mexican delicacy as the chief menu item, will be served by the University of New Mexico Dames Club for their husbands on Dec. 3 in the Parent-Teacher Association building at the Stronghurst county school. [PAR] 9 February 1941, Washington Post, pg. ?: [PAR] In Guadalajara the native dish is \u201cpozole,\u201d made with corn, meat and chili sauce. [PAR] 31 May 1942, New York Times, \u201cFiery Dishes of the Southwest,\u201d pg. D5: [PAR] Posole, made with hominy which is simmered all day long with fresh ham hocks, until the meat falls off the bones and disintegrates in the broth, calls for many hours of slow cooking. Chili, onions and garlic are finally added to garnish the dish when served. Albondigas are miniscule, peppery meatballs rolled in blue cornmeal and boiled for hours and hours, until a thick soup is formed. \u201cAngel\u2019s Dream\u201d\u2014the natives call it chiles rellenos\u2014is huge peppers stuffed with chopped chicken and cheese, then dipped in a batter and deep-fried to a crispy brown. [PAR] 23 July 1950, Washington Post, pg. 59: [PAR] Pozole soup, traditional around Guadalajara, is a hog\u2019s head soup with cacahuazintle, dried sweet corn with dark blue or black kernels. [PAR] Posted by Barry Popik[DOC] [TLE] Posole Soup Recipe - Allrecipes.com Posole Soup Recipe - Allrecipes.com [PAR] AMYLEE01 [PAR] 7/7/2008 [PAR] Good basic recipe, not quite the same, but good. I prefer to use dried new mexico chiles, soak in boiling water to rehydrdate and then puree in blender, and add pureed chile to soup. The cabba... [PAR] HappyOlives [PAR] 11/13/2001 [PAR] This is a really good recipe! I would prefer no cabbage, add some camino, garnish with raw onions and fresh cilantro, serve with corn tortillas. Yum! Thanks for sharing the recipe! [PAR] COWGRL73 [PAR] 9/24/2007 [PAR] Very good. I used chicken instead of pork and added chicken bouillon and chili powder while cooking the chicken. [PAR] TRESSIEPOO [PAR] 12/20/2004 [PAR] Very good! A few minor alterations...I boiled the pork in the water w/ the chili powder (maybe a little more than what was called for) as well as a couple of spoonfuls of granulated chicken bou... [PAR] MELVA [PAR] 2/6/2009 [PAR] Very easy to make. Husband states its authentic and very very good. Just like the Posole in California. We live in Michigan. [PAR] MORTENSEN [PAR] 9/27/2004 [PAR] Yum. My husband is a big"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidential Key Events\u2014Miller Center Presidential Key Events\u2014Miller Center [PAR] [PAR] Bill Clinton - 01/20/1993: William Jefferson Clinton is inaugurated as the fo\u2026 [PAR] William Jefferson Clinton is inaugurated as the forty-second President of the United States. January 20, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 01/25/1993: President Clinton announces that First Lady Hillar\u2026 [PAR] President Clinton announces that First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton will head the Task Force on National Health Care Reform. The President hopes to reform the nation's health care system so that all Americans have health insurance, ensuring what is called \u201cuniversal coverage,\u201d and to control the sky-rocketing costs of health care. January 25, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 02/05/1993: President Clinton signs the Family Medical Leave A\u2026 [PAR] President Clinton signs the Family Medical Leave Act that requires companies to provide workers with up to three months of unpaid leave for family and medical emergencies. February 05, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 02/26/1993: Six people are killed and more than a thousand suf\u2026 [PAR] Six people are killed and more than a thousand suffer injuries after a bomb planted under the World Trade Center in New York City explodes. The bomb marks the beginning of a string of threats against the United States made during the Clinton administration by both foreign and domestic terrorists. February 26, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 03/03/1993: President Clinton appoints Vice President Al Gore \u2026 [PAR] President Clinton appoints Vice President Al Gore to head the National Performance Review, which will devise an initiative entitled \u201cReinventing Government.\u201d The initiative streamlines government by reducing the number of federal employees; it also cuts federal spending as a percentage of GDP to levels unseen since the Kennedy administration. March 03, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 03/11/1993: The Senate confirms Janet Reno as attorney general\u2026 [PAR] The Senate confirms Janet Reno as attorney general, the first woman to serve in the position. Reno was Clinton's third choice for the position, after his first two selections were scuttled due to financial improprieties. March 11, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 04/19/1993: In Waco, Texas, federal law enforcement officers, \u2026 [PAR] In Waco, Texas, federal law enforcement officers, under the orders of Attorney General Janet Reno, end a 51-day standoff against a religious cult led by self-styled messiah David Koresh. In the ensuing confrontation, the fires that destroy the cult's compound kill at least seventy-five people, and bring Reno widespread criticism for her aggressive handling of the situation. April 19, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 06/26/1993: The U.S. Navy, under President\u2026 [PAR] The U.S. Navy, under President Clinton's orders, attacks Iraqi intelligence operations in downtown Baghdad after learning that Iraqis had plotted to kill former President Bush during his April 1993 visit to Kuwait. The twenty-three tomahawk missiles fired reportedly kill eight people. June 26, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 07/19/1993: President Clinton announces an \u201chonorable compromi\u2026 [PAR] President Clinton announces an \u201chonorable compromise\u201d in the debate surrounding gays in the military. Homosexuals would be allowed to serve, but could face military investigations if they acknowledged their orientation, as well as be expelled for it. The policy is labeled \u201cDon't Ask, Don't Tell.\u201d July 19, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 07/20/1993: Vince Foster, deputy counsel to the President, is \u2026 [PAR] Vince Foster, deputy counsel to the President, is found dead in a Northern Virginia park. Authorities rule his death a suicide, but subsequent federal investigators will re-open the case in the future. July 20, 1993 [PAR] Bill Clinton - 08/03/1993: The Senate confirms Ruth Bader\u2026 [PAR] The Senate confirms Ruth Bader Ginsburg's nomination to the Supreme Court."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fallopian Tube - Human Anatomy: Learn All About the Human ... Fallopian Tube [PAR] Home > Female Reproductive System > Female Reproductive Organs of the Lower Torso > Fallopian Tube [PAR] Fallopian Tube [PAR] The Fallopian tubes, also known as the uterine tubes, are a pair of 4-inch (10 cm) long narrow tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus. Ova (egg cells) are carried to the uterus through the fallopian tubes following ovulation. The ova may also be fertilized while in the Fallopian tubes if sperm is present following sexual intercourse. [PAR] The Fallopian tubes are located in the pelvic cavity extending laterally from the corners of the superior edge of the uterus and passing superior to the ovaries.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Change View Angle [PAR] Full Fallopian Tube Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . The broad ligament of the uterus and suspensory ligaments support the Fallopian tubes and hold them in place relative to the uterus and ovaries. Each Fallopian tube begins as a very narrow tube at the uterus and gradually widens as it extends towards the ovary. The isthmus of the Fallopian tubes is the narrowest and thickest walled region of the fallopian tube bordering on the uterus. From the isthmus the Fallopian tube widens into the ampulla, which makes up the bulk of its length. Finally, the Fallopian tube widens greatly into the funnel-shaped infundibulum before ending superior and lateral to the ovary. Many finger-like projections known as fimbriae extend from the infundibulum to reach the surface of the ovary. [PAR] Being continuous with the uterus, the Fallopian tubes contain many of the same tissue layers as the womb. The thin, outermost covering of the Fallopian tubes, the serosa, is made of a serous membrane of simple squamous epithelial tissue supported by areolar connective tissue. Thin serous fluid secreted from the serosa lubricates the Fallopian tubes and protects them from friction with neighboring organs. Deep to the serosa is the muscularis layer that contains the visceral muscle tissue responsible for movement of the Fallopian tubes. The innermost layer, the mucosa, lines the hollow lumen and is mostly made of ciliated columnar epithelial tissue. [PAR] The Fallopian tubes are far from passive tubes in the female reproductive system; on the contrary, they play an extremely active role in the process of fertilization. Just prior to ovulation, smooth muscle tissue in the fimbriae responds to the changing levels of female sex hormones and begins producing slow, steady contractions. These contractions result in the sweeping of the surface of the ovary by the fimbriae in anticipation of the release of the ova. Once the ovum is released, the fimbriae pick it up and carry it into the infundibulum. Next, cilia in the mucosal lining and peristaltic waves of the muscularis carry the ovum through the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus toward the uterus. Sperm deposited into the vagina during sexual intercourse may enter the Fallopian tubes from the uterus and fertilize the ovum as it travels toward the womb. [PAR] Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Touching the Void Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Touching the Void Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 156 reviews in total [PAR] 62 out of 68 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Gripping, moving and totally amazing. An amazing story that never fails to grip and is only made stronger by the dramatic recreations fuelled by Simon & Joe's recollections. [PAR] from United Kingdom [PAR] 18 January 2004 [PAR] In the mid-80's two young climbers attempted to reach the summit of Siula Grande in Peru - a feat that had previously been attempted but never achieved. With an extra man looking after base camp, Simon and Joe set off to scale the mount in one long push over several days. The peak is reached, however on the descent Joe falls and breaks his leg. Despite what it means, the two continue with Simon letting Joe out on a rope for 300 feet, then descending to join him and so on. However when Joe goes out over an overhang with no way of climbing back up, Simon makes the decision to cut the rope. Joe falls into a crevice and Simon, assuming him dead, continues back down. Joe however survives the fall and was lucky to hit a ledge in the crevice. This is the story of how he got back down. [PAR] Yet another reason to lament the closing of Film Four's doors, this film is the cinematic equivalent of sitting listening to someone tell you an amazing story in their own words. The film is acted out in dramatised scenes but it is Joe's and Simon's words over the top that really will keep you hanging on. The dramatised scenes though, are still wonderful, it is very easy to forget that this was not somehow filmed at the time, not only do they look very, very real but they also look spectacular; when Joe talks about the imposing crevice he was in, the pictures on screen did much better at translating that into visuals than my non-mountaineering imagination could have done. [PAR] The two actors in the roles of Joe and Simon do a great job; like I said, it is very easy to forget they are actors or that this is a replay for the camera. However the real people are more interesting and it is they that drive the film. To hear Joe talk about what he did and felt puts so much more bone on the story that any Hollywood version could have managed. He is a great guy and I can only imagine what he went through. Simon on the other hand is more guarded. He never really goes below the facts, whereas I know he has issues underneath as he apparently was not as calm as he is on camera during the making of the film. The film ends with some captions - one of which being that Simon came under great criticism for cutting the rope from other climbers. However the talking heads bit never even touches the surface of what Simon had to go through after they all got home - in a way that would have been just as interesting a part of the film as what Joe went through. [PAR] As the story unfolds it is impossible not to sit shaking your head in amazement. At the start I was like everyone else 'why would you do this stuff for fun' etc, and I still think that, but the story is so gripping that it is impossible to think of anything else. The running time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 50 Years Ago: EMI Prepares for Release of First Beatles ... 50 Years Ago: EMI Prepares for Release of First Beatles Single \u2013 beatle.net [PAR] by dvt | posted in: 50 Years Ago , Trivia | 0 [PAR] In mid-September 1962, EMI scheduled the release of the Beatles first single for October 5. By this time George Martin had determined that a Lennon-McCartney original, \u201cLove Me Do,\u201d would be the group\u2019s debut disc. [PAR] Although EMI initially pressed only a few thousand copies of the single for distribution to record stores, the company devoted a full page of its weekly two-page new releases ad to the disc in the September 27, 1962, Record Retailer (shown above). This unprecedented move was most likely done to curry favor with Beatles manager Brian Epstein, who was an important customer of EMI through his NEMS record stores. While EMI was not willing to risk the cost of a large press run on an untested group, the full-page trade magazine ad, complete with pictures of the members of the group, was a way for EMI to demonstrate to Brian its support of the Beatles without incurring additional expenses. [PAR] [PAR] EMI prepared approximately 250 promotional copies of the Beatles first single for pre-release distribution to selected media and radio stations. This so-called demonstration record has white labels with black print and a large red A on the Love Me Do side. The arrival of the disc at Brian\u2019s NEMS office should have been a red-letter day for the aspiring manager, but instead Brian exploded in red-faced rage when he noticed that Paul\u2019s last name was misspelled in the songwriters credit as \u201cMcArtney.\u201d When he called EMI to complain about the error, he was told that the labels of the commercial copies would have the correct spelling. This failed to calm him down and he curtly replied, \u201cNot the point, journalists and producers and deejays have the wrong name on their copies.\u201d While Brian was understandably upset over the spelling error, the mistake made what was destined to be a highly collectible disc even more desirable. [PAR] Not willing to rely entirely on EMI to promote the Beatles, Brian hired a Liverpool native who wrote liner notes for a major record company to prepare a press kit for the Beatles. This individual also wrote record reviews for a Liverpool newspaper. This week\u2019s trivia questions are about this person. [PAR] Who did Brian Epstein hire to prepare the first Beatles press kit? [PAR] What record company did this person write liner notes for? [PAR] What newspaper did this person write record reviews for? [PAR] What pen name did he use for his Off The Record column in the newspaper?[DOC] [TLE] 1962 - Early Beatles Songs 1962 - Early Beatles Songs [PAR] Early Beatles Songs [PAR] 1962 [PAR] The first day of the year brought the most important single session the Beatles had yet attended... [PAR] RECORDING: decca studios, london, january 1, 1962 [PAR] The Beatles\u2019 Decca audition saw them run through some 15 songs, all of which were recorded on tape for the benefit of A&R man, Dick Rowe. The audition set is worth looking at, since it reveals the type of material the group were performing, as well as their reticence when it came to pushing their own original songs: [PAR] Like Dreamers Do (Lennon-McCartney) [PAR] Money (That\u2019s What I Want) [PAR] Till There Was You [PAR] To Know Her Is To Love Her [PAR] Take Good Care Of My Baby [PAR] Memphis Tennessee [PAR] Sure To Fall (In Love With You) [PAR] Hello"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aulophobia - fear of flutes(!) - Google Groups Aulophobia - fear of flutes(!) - Google Groups [PAR] Aulophobia - fear of flutes(!) [PAR] Found this in my Collins Thesaurus (1995) page 715, under a list for [PAR] phobias: \"aulophobia\" which is the morbid \"fear of flutes\". Such lists [PAR] were always ludicrously long and implausible, and under the reign of [PAR] the Internet, have become ever more so. But aulophobia DOES appear in [PAR] the fairly respected Collins Thesaurus, and it raised a couple of [PAR] (fairly idle) questions in the family neuron, even though I am not a [PAR] fan of this kind of collectivist genre. I did a little research, and [PAR] my preliminary investigations show that the flute is the ONLY [PAR] instrument to have an entire phobia devoted to it. [PAR] Not the big bass drum, or any other percussion, nor an electric guitar [PAR] with amp turned up to 11. No, Jimi Hendrix going berserk with his axe [PAR] does not a phobia make, nor does the most violent, drum-stick smashing [PAR] drum solo. Nope, totally wimpy. Gigantic Asiatic metal gongs, such as [PAR] the one the Rank man used to belt with the mallet at the beginning of [PAR] a film. Wimpy. Colossal church bells which could deafen you from a [PAR] hundred yards, and with Quasimodo swinging from the ropes? Nothing to [PAR] it. The bugle summoning us to a charge which will almost inevitably [PAR] lead to a painful death? Nope. No, what does get the shivers going up [PAR] our spines, makes us queasy with fear and start to sweat and feel an [PAR] immediate need to evacuate our bowels? Barry Manilow? Nope. The flute. [PAR] The most pacific, gentle, sweet, demure musical device there is, the [PAR] serene dulcimer of the woodwinds: that's the one that makes some of us [PAR] fear for our lives and sanity. Some evangelists of a previous time [PAR] would have plumped for a wild trumpet in a late-night jazz combo, but [PAR] this is not borne out by the intricate psychological studies that have [PAR] been undertaken to quantify these conditions. No, Satan is not found [PAR] in the sultry sax or the double bass, but he floats via the breath [PAR] down the length of this keyed corridor: yes, the flute. [PAR] Go on, gentle reader, trawl thru the Internet and see if any other [PAR] musical instrument engenders this kind of terror. Not even the bag [PAR] pipes, feared in war (but then rationally and only as a signal of it), [PAR] and reviled in peace generate its own phobia. Yes, I have heard [PAR] someone say of a piper; \"Well, if he put that animal down, perhaps it [PAR] would stop screaming.\" But was he phobic about the pipes? No, he was [PAR] not. [PAR] True, there is a GENERAL fear of music: \"melophobia\" but among the [PAR] orchestra, the jazz combo, the German oompah oompah bands, the spittle- [PAR] dripping trombones, and all the others, there is not a single [PAR] instrument that evokes such horror that it requires the skills of the [PAR] trained psychologist to heal the sufferer - none but that engendered [PAR] by the flute. And we must note that such a sufferer is eclectic in his [PAR] fear: completely benign and harmless are the other members of the [PAR] woodwind family: the whistle (tin, bosun's or otherwise), the [PAR] gemshorn, flageolet, recorder, the tonette, fujara, and even the [PAR] ocarina. We are all supremely content with them. The aulophobic will [PAR] enjoy and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Swiss \"Mickey Mouse\" turns 75 - SWI swissinfo.ch Swiss \"Mickey Mouse\" turns 75 - SWI swissinfo.ch [PAR] Swiss \"Mickey Mouse\" turns 75 [PAR] more... [PAR] Jul 23, 2007 - 15:29 [PAR] Globi, the blue parrot with the big heart, is one of Switzerland's most famous cartoon characters. This year he celebrates his 75th birthday. [PAR] The Swiss creation has moved with the times, becoming more politically correct and environmentally aware, but he has yet to fly across the country's borders. [PAR] Globi \u2013 with his blue feathers, yellow beak, distinctive red and black checked trousers and jauntily placed beret \u2013 shows no signs of slowing down, despite his advanced years. [PAR] The star of 75 books still accounts for annual sales of around 80,000 classic cartoon volumes and 40,000 educational books. [PAR] \"Globi is almost as old as Mickey Mouse. Every child grows up with Globi because the grandparents or parents did,\" Gisela Klinkenberg, head of the Globi publishing house, told swissinfo. [PAR] \"If they have children of their own, Globi comes out again, so it goes from generation to generation \u2013 and it's been doing that since 1932.\" [PAR] According to the very first Globi comic strip \u2013 in black and white and showing a somewhat rounder parrot minus the hat \u2013 Globi ended up in Switzerland by accident. [PAR] After hatching in the Sahara, he takes to the skies and spying a party he dives downwards \u2013 only to fall on his beak in the middle of rural Switzerland. The rest, as they say, is history... [PAR] Appeal to children [PAR] The reality is more mundane. Globi was created by Globus, a Swiss chain of department stores, for its 25th anniversary in 1932. The aim was to appeal to children \u2013 and it worked. [PAR] At first a human-sized Globi would appear at events and he had a comic strip in the Globus magazine. Then due to popular demand the first book appeared in 1935. [PAR] This led nine years later to the creation of the Globi publishing house. The millionth book was sold in 1948. [PAR] Globi's adventures, in German, although nine have also been translated into French, have seen the psittacine star travel the world, go into space and appear on the silver screen. [PAR] But he has not forgotten his adopted home: he has also met Swiss folk hero William Tell, worked as a farmer and done his military service. [PAR] Globi's appearance may have moved with the times \u2013 he is now taller and slimmer \u2013 but his character has remained the same, \"He was always very helpful and curious and interested in a lot of things and he still is,\" said Klinkenberg. [PAR] Ruffled feathers [PAR] But Globi has not always been flying so high. In the 1970s some of the books came under fire for showing racist stereotypes \u2013 such as the black Africans in the first book, \"Globi's journey around the world\". [PAR] He was accused of being sexist and violent. All offending editions have since been withdrawn or changed. [PAR] \"Globi had to change in the 1970s,\" Klinkenberg admitted. \"He didn't have the same adventures or regard people and cultures in the same way as he did in the 1940s and 1950s.\" [PAR] These days Globi is more politically correct and has become very interested in environmental issues. [PAR] In his latest adventure, Globi helps a baby rhinoceros settle back into the wild in Africa. He has also made a foray into educational books, so children can study cooking or German with Globi \u2013 and presumably repeat what"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hague must prioritise human rights | Kate Allen | Opinion ... Hague must prioritise human rights | Kate Allen | Opinion | The Guardian [PAR] Hague must prioritise human rights [PAR] Kate Allen [PAR] The new foreign secretary can make the UK into a force for good in the world \u2013 he should start by reading Amnesty's new report [PAR] Foreign secretary William Hague has an opportunity to pursue an agenda of law, order and human rights at home and abroad. Photograph: Victor R Caivano/AP [PAR] Tuesday 25 May 2010 13.00 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 25 May 2010 13.00 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] When the one-time foreign secretary Robin Cook became leader of the Commons in 2001 he famously \"read himself into\" his new role with a marathon 48-hour briefing session. As William Hague takes the measure of his new foreign secretary job, I urge him to steel himself for the challenges ahead with a little light reading: the new Amnesty International report 2010 (subtitled \"The State of the World's Human Rights\") published later this week. [PAR] Hague may not wish to devour our \u2013 often grim \u2013 400-page opus in one weekend, but here are some reasons why he should place it on a handy bookshelf in his office. [PAR] First, Hague will naturally be seeking to put numerous bilateral and multilateral relations on \"reset\". Starting with the United States, the UK is re-establishing where it stands on key issues, always, of course, assessed against the UK national interest. The tools for this reassessment are many and varied \u2013 economic and military data are key \u2013 but \"softer\" indices of judgement play a major role. This realm, broadly \"political\", must, I believe, include human rights if Britain is to make the right choices in the world. [PAR] Take Afghanistan, Hague's avowed priority issue. Equipment for troops, dealing with the narcotics trade, assessing already complex relations with Pakistan and Iran, the US and Nato \u2013 each of these will play a part in policy formation. But what of human rights in Afghanistan? We've been told numerous times that UK forces are in Afghanistan to stop terrorists killing people on the streets of Britain. Yet politicians have readily cited human rights concerns \u2013 especially virulent anti-women policies from the Taliban \u2013 as further cause and justification. [PAR] As Afghanistan prepares for the \" Peace Jirga \" on 29 May, the question is increasingly: on what terms does the Afghan government of Hamid Karzai attempt a peace settlement with the \"reconcilable\" elements of the Taliban and other armed groups? The US and Nato view on this will be important, so the UK must consider this extremely carefully. [PAR] Hague will read on page 55 of the Amnesty report that in 2009 the Taliban and other anti-government groups actually \"stepped up attacks against civilians, including attacks on schools and health clinics, across the country\". Worryingly enough, the report makes clear, Afghan women and girls were targeted for attack by the Taliban and were also the subject of widespread societal discrimination, forced marriage, domestic violence and other abuse. [PAR] The danger now, then, is that a rush to stem Taliban violence through a \"peace\" deal will mean women's already fragile rights being traded away. The UK should have no part in this \"trade-off\". [PAR] Other enormous challenges ahead require the same human rights input for any informed foreign policy thinking. Iran is far more than a \"nuclear issue\", as the huge election protest movement last year demonstrated. If, for example, British personnel are again seized by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eldrick Tont \u2018Tiger\u2019 Woods - The Express Tribune Eldrick Tont \u2018Tiger\u2019 Woods - The Express Tribune [PAR] The Express Tribune [PAR] Share Tweet Email [PAR] His recognition as one of the greatest golfers of all time can be seen by the 11 PGA Player of the Year awards and nine Vardon Trophy honours to his name. PHOTO: AFP/FILE [PAR] \u201cI play for myself and my family. That\u2019s it. That\u2019s what my father always said to me and that\u2019s what I\u2019ve always done.\u201d [PAR] He was six months old when he started imitating his father\u2019s swing and just two when he appeared on the Bob Hope show to display his already considerable golfing skills. [PAR] Born Eldrick Tont Woods, he was nicknamed Tiger by his old man Earl, a Vietnam War veteran, after a Vietnamese soldier friend of his. [PAR] A true sporting phenomenon and one of the most recognisable faces in the world, Tiger Woods left his mark at an early age to change the golfing landscape. His interest did not wane as time passed by. [PAR] By the age of six, he was able to reach the greens from the tees, while even making a couple of holes-in-one. The most successful amateur golfer in the history of the sport, it was in 1982 at the World 10-and-Under Championship that Woods won his first competition, outshooting boys three and four years older than him. In 1987, he entered as many as two dozen youth tournaments, winning them all. [PAR] In 1989, Woods participated in his first major tournament Big I, and then went on to become the US Junior Amateur champion at the age of 15. He was the youngest person to achieve the feat, till Jim Liu broke his record in 2010. However, the American is the only one to have won it three consecutive times on the last hole (1991-1993). [PAR] Woods was always being readied up for something else under the shadow of his parents\u2019 constant support and guidance. \u201cWe\u2019ve been training Tiger to take his place in society since he was born,\u201d Earl had said. [PAR] However, he was just getting started. It was during his adolescent years that he became obsessed with Jack Nicklaus, whilst going on to win two back-to-back USGA Junior Championships (1991-1992) and the 1994 US Amateur Championship, a victory which helped Woods qualify for the 1995 Masters, the mother of all American golf tournaments. [PAR] In 1996, he turned pro and immediately signed endorsement deals worth $40 million from Nike and $20 million from Titleist. [PAR] Woods may have lost the man who moulded his brilliant mind by drilling it on the mental game as early as the age of four, but the child prodigy has never stopped trying to make Earl proud. It went hand-in-glove when just two months after his father passed away, Woods paid tribute to him by achieving a career high at the 135th British Open Championship in July 2006 by \u2018thinking his way around the golf course\u2019. Woods was ruthless as ever at the Royal Liverpool. [PAR] For all but a single swing at the 16th hole of the opening round, Woods disregarded his preferred driver. Instead, he utilised 3-woods and 2-irons off the tee, which resulted in greater accuracy. [PAR] However, when Chris DiMarco miraculously holed a 50-foot par putt on the 14th hole to reduce Wood\u2019s three-stroke lead to one, Woods went into terminator mode. The American stayed calm against a charging opponent and a gallery-full of distracting clickers, just the way Earl had taught his son, and birdied the next three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keeping Score in Scrabble - Letter Tiles and Point Values Keeping Score in Scrabble - Letter Tiles and Point Values [PAR] How to Keep Score in Scrabble [PAR] Keeping Score in Scrabble [PAR] Knowing how to keep score in Scrabble is simple, but it\u2019s also important. Each letter in Scrabble has its own value, while certain points on a Scrabble board are worth more points than others. Finally, there are a few special circumstances where Scrabble scoring differs than in other points of the game. [PAR] Scrabble Letter Tiles \u2013 Point Values [PAR] Below is a table showing the point values of each tile in Scrabble. I\u2019ll include a table to show how many of each letter exists in a standard Scrabble game, as well. When you play one of these letter tiles on the Scrabble board, you get the point value indicated on the letter tile. [PAR] Scrabble Point Distribution [PAR] A \u2013 E \u2013 I \u2013 O \u2013 - U \u2013 L \u2013 N \u2013 R \u2013 S \u2013 T = 1 point [PAR] D \u2013 G = 2 points [PAR] B \u2013 C \u2013 M \u2013 P = 3 points [PAR] F \u2013 H \u2013 W \u2013 Y \u2013 V = 4 points [PAR] K = 5 points [PAR] J \u2013 X = 8 points [PAR] Q \u2013 Z = 10 points [PAR] The following table shows how many of each letters there are in a standard game of Scrabble. In all, there are 100 tiles to play in any given Scrabble game. [PAR] Scrabble Letter Distribution [PAR] 1: J \u2013 K \u2013 X \u2013 Q \u2013 Z [PAR] 2: B \u2013 C \u2013 F \u2013 H \u2013 M \u2013 P \u2013 W \u2013 Y \u2013 V \u2013 Blank Tiles [PAR] 3: G [PAR] 4: D \u2013 L \u2013 S \u2013 U [PAR] 6: N \u2013 R \u2013 T [PAR] 10: E [PAR] Double and Triple Scores [PAR] When any of the letters of a word you place on the board covers a double or triple score, apply that modifier to your word score. If it\u2019s a double or triple letter score, only modify the score for the letter on that tile. If it\u2019s a double or triple word score, add up the score for all the tiles and then multiply the amount by the modifier. [PAR] If you happen to cross two or more modifiers with your word, apply all of them. If you cross a triple letter score and a double word score, then multiple the triple score letter by x3 and then multiple the whole word score by x2. If you happen to cross two word multipliers, then remember to multiple the word score by both values. In this way, scores can reach large numbers. [PAR] There is a limiting factor to the scores made by these tiles, though. That\u2019s because, once used, these tiles can\u2019t be reused for the purposes of multipliers. [PAR] Reusing Double and Triple Scores [PAR] After a double-word or triple-word score has been used and figured, that space will not be worth a double- or triple-word score again in the game. The same goes for double-letter and triple-letter scores. [PAR] For example, imagine that a letter tile saying double-word score, like the one you play off of at the beginning of the game, is \u201cactivated\u201d at the beginning of the game. Whoever plays off that tile first gets a double-word score. But the next player who builds a word off that same letter does not get a double-word score. This rule is there for several purposes, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Torn Curtain (1966) - IMDb Torn Curtain (1966) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An American scientist publicly defects to East Germany as part of a cloak and dagger mission to find the solution for a formula resin before planning an escape back to the West. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 24 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 14 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 04 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 05 May 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Torn Curtain \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A French intelligence agent becomes embroiled in the Cold War politics first with uncovering the events leading up to the 1962 Cuban Missle Crisis, and then back to France to break up an international Russian spy ring. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Lighthearted suspense film about a phony psychic/con artist and her taxi driver/private investigator boyfriend who encounter a pair of serial kidnappers while trailing a missing heir in California. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Mark marries Marnie although she is a habitual thief and has serious psychological problems, and tries to help her confront and resolve them. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A serial murderer is strangling women with a necktie. The London police have a suspect, but he is the wrong man. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] The trouble with Harry is that he's dead, and everyone seems to have a different idea of what needs to be done with his body... [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A family vacationing in Morocco accidentally stumble on to an assassination plot and the conspirators are determined to prevent them from interfering. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] True story of an innocent man mistaken for a criminal. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Aircraft factory worker Barry Kane goes on the run across the United States when he is wrongly accused of starting a fire that killed his best friend. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A priest who comes under suspicion for murder cannot clear his name without breaking the seal of the confessional. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A young woman discovers her visiting uncle may not be the man he seems to be. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A struggling actress tries to help a friend prove his innocence when he's accused of murdering the husband of a high society entertainer. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] When a reformed jewel thief is suspected of returning to his former occupation, he must ferret out the real thief in order to prove his innocence. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Professor Michael Armstrong is heading to Copenhagen to attend a physics conference accompanied by his assistant-fianc\u00e9e Sarah Sherman. Once arrived however, Michael informs her that he may be staying for awhile and she should return home. She follows him and realizes he's actually heading to East Germany, behind the Iron Curtain. She follows him there and is shocked when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cool math .com - Polygons - Octagons - properties ... Cool math .com - Polygons - Octagons - properties, interior angles [PAR] Sum of the Interior Angles of an Octagon: [PAR] This image shows the process for a [PAR] HEXAGON: [PAR] Using the same methods as for hexagons to the right (I'll let you do the pictures)... [PAR] To find the sum of the interior angles of an octagon, divide it up into triangles... There are six triangles... Because the sum of the angles of each triangle is 180 degrees... We get [PAR] So, the sum of the interior angles of an octagon is 1080 degrees. [PAR] Regular Octagons:The properties of regular octagons: [PAR] All sides are the same length (congruent) and all interior angles are the same size (congruent). [PAR] To find the measure of the angles, we know that the sum of all the angles is 1080 degrees (from above)... And there are eight angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the interior angle of a regular octagon is 135 degrees. [PAR] The measure of the central angles of a regular octagon: [PAR] To find the measure of the central angle of a regular octagon, make a circle in the middle... A circle is 360 degrees around... Divide that by eight angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the central angle of a regular octagon is 45 degrees. [PAR] Popular Topics[DOC] [TLE] Octagon angles - Math Central Octagon angles - Math Central [PAR] Math Central [PAR] Question from John, a parent: [PAR] Hello: [PAR] Probably a dumb question, but I couldn't find anything similar in your archives... [PAR] My daughter wants to build an octagon using PVC pipe fittings. There are several pipe \"elbows\" available, including 45 degree. I'm trying to determine if if an octagon can be constructed by using 8 pairs of 45 degree elbows, connected to each other by 8 sections of straight pipe of some equal length. This makes sense to me intuitively, but I do not know how this can be properly expressed in geometric terms. [PAR] Any help would be much appreciated!! [PAR] thanks, John [PAR] John, [PAR] The question is about the measure of the interior angles of a regular octagon (regular means all sides are of the same length). [PAR] If you draw a line from the centre of an octagon to each angle (8 lines in total), then each pair of consecutive lines makes an angle of 360/8 = 45 degrees. Each of the lines bisects one of the interior angles of the octagon (that is, divides it in half). This means that the triangles are all identical, and are the angles (or the triangle) adjacent to the side of the octagon are equal. Since the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, each of them measures (180-45)/2 degrees. Since each interior angle of the octagon is comprised of two angles whose measure we just calculated above, each of them measures 180-45 = 135 degrees. [PAR] It looks as if elbow pieces that measure 45 degrees won't work. [PAR] Victoria [PAR] John, [PAR] I like this idea of maing an octagon from PVC pipe. Chris wrote back and suggested that you attach the pipe to the back side of one of its branches and the front side of the other. [PAR] I don't see how to do this but are there 135 degree elbows among the parts you have available? [PAR] Harley"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sia | New Music And Songs Sia | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Sia [PAR] About Sia [PAR] In a career filled with ups and downs, Sia Furler has been an in-demand guest vocalist; a quirky singer/songwriter; a hitmaker for the likes of Rihanna and Beyonc\u00e9, and more popular than ever as an artist in her own right in the 2010s. Although raised in Australia, Furler rose to fame after moving to the U.K., where she worked as a guest vocalist for several groups -- including the electronica duo Zero 7 -- and released her own solo albums. Born in 1975, she first performed on the Adelaide jazz circuit during the '90s as a vocalist for the band Crisp. An attempt to launch a solo career in 1997 didn't pan out, though, and she eventually hopped on a plane to London. While there, she landed a gig as a backup singer for Jamiroquai and inked a solo contract with DancePool, a sublabel of Sony. [PAR] Sia released her first single, \"Taken for Granted,\" in early 2000. Although the song only peaked at number 100 on the Australian charts, it rose to number ten in the U.K. and increased European demand for her debut album, Healing Is Difficult, which followed in 2001. At the same time, a string of big names in the British music scene began asking for Sia's services; offers from Zero 7 and William Orbit ensued. Although some projects only called for Sia to sing on one song, her association with Zero 7 proved to be a recurring event. She ultimately remained with Zero 7 for three albums, serving as the group's go-to vocalist while also furthering her own career with solo releases like Colour the Small One and Some People Have Real Problems. [PAR] Meanwhile, Sia also began building an audience in America. One of the songs from Colour the Small One, \"Breathe Me,\" gained attention when it was used in the elaborate final scene of the Six Feet Under series, and the resulting buzz allowed her to enjoy a successful stateside tour. That tour was documented on her first live release, Lady Croissant, in 2007. By the following year, Sia's American audience had increased to the point that Some People Have Real Problems, her third album, debuted at number 26. [PAR] Zero 7 began working on another album in 2009, but Sia had already shifted most of her attention to furthering her own career, and the band hired another singer in her place. Working alongside bassist Sam Dixon, she boosted her songwriting cred by writing several songs for Christina Aguilera, who put the songs on her 2010 release, Bionic. Sia also continued writing songs for herself, and We Are Born marked her most upbeat album to date in 2010. It also went on to become very successful, charting around the world and going to number two in Australia. [PAR] But Sia, whose shy and withdrawn personality was at odds with her public persona, began to struggle with the pressures of fame. She became addicted to alcohol and drugs and almost committed suicide before a phone call from a friend persuaded her to enter rehab instead. She spent the next few years out of the spotlight, continuing her parallel career as a backroom songwriter for the likes of Madonna, Britney Spears, Beyonc\u00e9, Celine Dion, and Rihanna, for whom she wrote the worldwide number one smash hit \"Diamonds.\" In 2013, she started on a new album, working once again with producer Greg Kurstin. [PAR] Wary of another breakdown, she eventually negotiated a near-unprecedented contract with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] APOEL Nicosia vs Omonia Nicosia football statistcs and ... APOEL Nicosia vs Omonia Nicosia football statistcs and betting tips [PAR] Huge bonus, design & live in-Play [PAR] Our free betting football suggestion for the match APOEL Nicosia vs Omonia Nicosia: [PAR] The betting tip for the game between APOEL Nicosia and Omonia Nicosia in 1st League:: Championship competition ( Cyprus ) on Saturday 12th of March 2016 is: (no draw) one of team will win (12) . [PAR] The predicted chances 1x2 are: 39%, 23%, 39% and we suggest a correct score: 1-1 or Under/Over bet: -2.5. [PAR] All rights are reserved to BetSeek .com \u00a9 2004-2016"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does pluviometer mean? definition and meaning (Free ... What does pluviometer mean? definition and meaning (Free English Language Dictionary) [PAR] pluviometer; rain gage ; rain gauge ; udometer [PAR] Hypernyms (\"pluviometer\" is a kind of...): [PAR] gage ; gauge (a measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity such as the thickness of wire or the amount of rain etc.) [PAR] Learn English with... Proverbs of the week [PAR] \"Look after the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves.\" (English proverb) [PAR] \"A mountain doesn't reach out to mountain, (but) a man is reaching out to a man.\" (Afghanistan proverb) [PAR] \"Too much modesty brings shame.\" (Arabic proverb) [PAR] \"Let sleeping dogs lie.\" (Dutch proverb) [PAR] Page delivered in 0.0478 seconds [PAR] AudioEnglish Definitions... Just One Click Away! [PAR] Now you can lookup any word in our dictionary, right from the search box in your browser! Click here to add the AudioEnglish.org dictionary to your list of search providers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meadowhall Centre & Shopping in Sheffield, South Yorkshire ... Meadowhall Centre & Shopping in Sheffield, South Yorkshire & the Peak District [PAR] MEADOWHALL & SHOPPING IN SHEFFIELD & DISTRICT [PAR] MEADOWHALL CENTRE [PAR] This is Europe's top shopping mall which is extremely popular attracting visitors to Sheffield from a wide catchment area. Tel. no. 0845 600 6800. [PAR] You will find many leading department stores, exclusive shops, cafes of English and international cuisines, entertainments including an 11 screen cinema complex, The Oasis where additional entertainments including live music and shows can be found for free. [PAR] Parking for Meadowhall is free for shoppers (check if you wish to park long-term) and it is ideally situated for the motoring visitor being right next to the M1 motorway at junction 34. It is also served well by train, bus and the Supertram network. [PAR] Meadowhall has its own Meadowhall Shopping Centre Web Site . [PAR] OTHER SHOPPING [PAR] SHEFFIELD [PAR] Sheffield city centre also has many leading department stores as do the centres of Barnsley, Rotherham, Doncaster and Chesterfield. A smaller version of the Meadowhall centre but with a charm of its own is the Crystal Peaks Centre (0114 251 0145) which may also be accessed by public transport including the Supertram and where car parking is free. Crystal Peaks also has a 10 screen cinema. [PAR] Described as an \"antidote to the High Street and Meadowhall\" is The Forum which is situated a couple of minutes from the City Hall. here you will find 30 individual-style shops, a cafe bar, a comedy club on alternate Sundays and monthly art exhibitions from local artists in The Forum Gallery. [PAR] SHEFFIELD CUTLERY [PAR] Sheffield is world famous for its cutlery and you will find a factory shop at the Solly Street, West Bar premises of John Osborne Silversmiths. Goods of sterling silver, silver plate and stainless steel may be bought here. On similar lines is the factory shop of George Butler of Sheffield Ltd, Orgreave Drive, Handsworth, Sheffield. To buy cutlery online, see our own section at Sheffield Cutlery Store . [PAR] BARNSLEY [PAR] Barnsley's market days are Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays & Saturdays. The antique and collectors market there is on a Tuesday, Sunday market open 6am to 1pm and the Metropolitan Shopping Centre is open Mon-Sat 9am-5.30pm. Other markets in the Barnsley area at Hoyland, Wombwell, Goldthorpe & Penistone (ring 01226 772239). [PAR] DONCASTER [PAR] In Doncaster, you will find the Yorkshire Outlet, a new shopping concept of a retail village of 35 manufacturers selling leading brands at direct from the factory prices e.g .Black & Decker, Ravel, Lee Jeans & others. Nearby is the Doncaster Dome - maybe leave the kids swimming or doing sports there while you go shopping at the Outlet. [PAR] ROTHERHAM [PAR] Rotherham open air market is open on Mondays, Fridays and Saturdays. On Tuesdays there is a second-hand clothes market and a antiques/flea market on Wednesdays. Street markets can be found on Tuesdays in the centre of Rotherham.The indoor market opens Monday to Saturday. Other regular markets are also held in Wath, Rawmarsh, Dinnington and Maltby. [PAR] Retail World can be found at Parkgate. This is a retail park with megastores and national names with food chains. Free on-site parking."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fishing Terminology - Bass Pro Shops Fishing Terminology [PAR] Fishing Terminology [PAR] 10845 Comment [PAR] [PAR] 1. Characteristics of rod flexibility. [PAR] 2. Characteristics of lure movement when retrieved. [PAR] Adams [PAR] A very productive and world famous all-purpose dry fly pattern. [PAR] Adult [PAR] The final phase of an insect's life cycle, most often occurring above water for aquatic insects. [PAR] Alphabet lures [PAR] Wide-body crankbaits that were originally fashioned from wood. Modern examples include Bomber Model A and the Cotton Cordell Big O. [PAR] Amateur [PAR] Fisherman who is less experienced than his partner. Normally a term used in Pro/Am style tournaments. Also describes angler who does not earn his living fishing. [PAR] Anchor buoy [PAR] Usually a red plastic ball of at least 24 inches in diameter, with a large ring attached. Hook the ring on the anchor rope and heave the buoy overboard. Drive the boat upwind or upcurrent. Presto! The anchor is pulled up quickly to the buoy using horsepower instead of human power. [PAR] Arbor [PAR] The \"bottom\" of a reel's spool (what you tie the line onto). A spool with a small diameter arbor holds more line than the same size spool with a larger diameter arbor. [PAR] Artificial Reef [PAR] Any material sunk offshore for the express purpose of attracting fish. Old boats, concrete culverts, metal pipe, the list is endless. Most states now require a permit before dumping because non-practical material was being used, objects that rusted quickly, polluted or were a hazard to shrimpnets. [PAR] Attractor patterns [PAR] Bright, bold flies that do not imitate any insect in particular, but many insects in general. Attractor patterns often provoke a trout's tendency to strike. [PAR] B [PAR] Backing [PAR] Small diameter braided line loaded onto a fly reel underneath/behind the actual fly line. It serves to fill the reel and add line capacity when fighting long-running fish. [PAR] Backing down [PAR] Driving the boat backwards (in reverse) while pursuing a fish. [PAR] Baetis [PAR] A small, widely occurring mayfly also referred to as a Blue Winged Olive. [PAR] Bait seine [PAR] A large, rectangular shaped net for gathering baitfish from a rearing pond. One person is stationed at each end, and each person holds the net taught as they move from one end of the pond to the other. [PAR] Baitcaster [PAR] Most common style of reel used in bass fishing, typically round or oval shaped and somewhat open construction. Also known as level wind reels. [PAR] Balao [PAR] Pronounced \"bally-hoo,\" this is the popular offshore bait used for trolling, most often for billfish. The bait of choice for sailfish for many years. A pricey bait when used for other saltwater species. [PAR] Ball bearings [PAR] Small metal balls added to the mechanical mechanism of high-quality reels to make the retrieve smoother. Normally the more ball bearings a reel has the higher quality. [PAR] Balsa [PAR] Type of wood several lures are manufactured from. This wood is very light, yet highly buoyant. Gives the lure great action. Examples include Bagley's Balsa B, and Rapala Minnows. [PAR] Beads [PAR] Glass, or plastic beads added to a Carolina Rig to enhance the noise, and protect the knot. [PAR] Beds [PAR] Circular areas in the lake bottom that bass clear out in which to lay their eggs during the spawn. \"The bass are on the beds\" refers to the fish actively spawning. [PAR] Bell sinker [PAR] Rounded conical shaped weight with a tie-on loop at the top. Also referred to as a Dipsy sinker. [PAR] Belly [PAR] The 'fat' section of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Look before you leap - Idioms by The Free Dictionary Look before you leap - Idioms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Look before you leap - Idioms by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/Look+before+you+leap [PAR] Also found in: Acronyms . [PAR] Look before you leap. [PAR] Prov. Clich\u00e9 Think carefully about what you are about to do before you do it. I'm not saying you shouldn't sign the lease for that apartment. I'm just saying you should look before you leap. Jill: I'm thinking about going to night school. Jane: Are you sure you can spare the time and the money? Look before you leap. [PAR] See also: before , leap , look [PAR] Look before you leap. [PAR] something that you say in order to advise someone to think about possible problems before doing something If you're thinking of buying a house, my advice is, look before you leap. [PAR] See also: before , leap , look [PAR] look before you leap [PAR] Think of the consequences before you act, as in You'd better check out all the costs before you buy a cellular phone-look before you leap . This expression alludes to Aesop's fable about the fox who is unable to climb out of a well and persuades a goat to jump in. The fox then climbs on the goat's horns to get out, while the goat remains trapped. [c. 1350][DOC] [TLE] quotations collection - famous proverbs - corsinet quotations collection - famous proverbs [PAR] A bad cause requires many words. [PAR] German Proverb [PAR] A book is like a garden carried in the pocket. [PAR] Arab Proverb [PAR] A bird in the hand is worth two in a bush. [PAR] English Proverb [PAR] A broken hand works, but not a broken heart. [PAR] Persian Proverb [PAR] A cat has nine lives. [PAR] Proverb of Unknown Origin [PAR] A clear conscience is a soft pillow. [PAR] German Proverb [PAR] A close friend can become a close enemy. [PAR] Ethiopian Proverb [PAR] A closed mouth catches no flies. [PAR] Italian Proverb [PAR] A country can be judged by the quality of its proverbs. [PAR] German Proverb [PAR] A courtyard common to all will be swept by none. [PAR] Chinese Proverb [PAR] A dimple on the chin, the devil within. [PAR] Gaelic Proverb [PAR] A dog is wiser than a woman; it does not bark at its master. [PAR] Russian Proverb [PAR] A drink precedes a story. [PAR] Irish Proverb [PAR] A drowning man is not troubled by rain. [PAR] Persian Proverb [PAR] A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees. [PAR] William Blake \"Proverbs of Hell\" (1790) [PAR] A forest is in an acorn. [PAR] Proverb of Unknown Origin [PAR] A friend in need is a friend indeed [PAR] English Proverb [PAR] A friend's eye is a good mirror. [PAR] Irish Proverb [PAR] A good denial, the best point in law. [PAR] Irish Proverb [PAR] A good husband is healthy and absent. [PAR] Japanese Proverb [PAR] A hard beginning maketh a good ending. [PAR] John Heywood \"The Proverbs of John Heywood\" (1546) [PAR] A healthy man is a successful man. [PAR] French Proverb [PAR] A hedge between keeps friendship green. [PAR] French Proverb [PAR] A hen is heavy when carried far. [PAR] Irish Proverb [PAR] A hound's food is in its legs. [PAR] Irish Proverb [PAR] A house without a dog or a cat is the house of a scoundrel. [PAR] Portuguese Proverb [PAR] A hungry man is an angry man. [PAR] English Proverb [PAR] A lie travels round the world while truth is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When Tommo brought a tear to Bumble's eye - Telegraph When Tommo brought a tear to Bumble's eye - Telegraph [PAR] When Tommo brought a tear to Bumble's eye [PAR] Top bloke all round: David Lloyd [PAR] By Robert Philip [PAR] In pics: England squad | Australia squad [PAR] As a player, he was described by John Arlott as being 'one of the bravest and finest close fieldsmen in the world and a brilliant stroke-maker', averaging 42.46 in his brief international career of nine Tests. [PAR] As a coach, his outspokenness caused much spluttering and spilled gin within the confines of Lord's but he was instrumental in the introduction of central contracts which have transformed England from whipping boys into Ashes winners. [PAR] As a broadcaster, he has just been voted 'Most Popular Cricket Commentator of the Year' by the readers of Wisden magazine. Over the coming months he will bring his own unique brand of pithy northern humour to the Sky Sports coverage of the Ashes series. [PAR] But you can best judge a man by the loyalty and affection he inspires in his friends. Mention his name to Ian Botham, Bob Willis, Mike Atherton or just about anyone in the world of cricket from Australia to Antigua and the reaction will be the same. \"Bumble? Top bloke\u2026\" [PAR] Having spent a few hours in David Lloyd's company (the nickname, incidentally, came from his resemblance to one of Michael Bentine's friendly little aliens in his children's TV series The Bumblies) I can think of no more apposite portrait; top bloke, indeed. [PAR] Lloyd's fascination with the Ashes dates back to 1958 when, as an 11-year-old, he followed the fortunes of Colin Cowdrey and co Down Under on the wireless of the family home in Water Street, Accrington. \"Although my first love was football, as I grew older I knew I'd never be good enough to become a professional,\" recalls Bumble. \"As a lad, I followed every Ashes series so I saw cricket as my escape. Remember the old Animals song, We Gotta Get Out Of This Place?, well, cricket was my way out of Water Street. My parents were hard-working, lovely people, but it was a tough upbringing.\" [PAR] When Lloyd did get out of the place, he found himself in an even tougher neighbourhood at the WACA, Perth, in December 1974 when he made his Ashes debut in the second Test. Pummelled into defeat by the fearsome bowling of Jeff Thomson and Dennis Lillee in the opening match which Lloyd missed through injury, England restored Bumble as opener and he quickly found himself joined at the wicket by the 42-year-old Cowdrey, who had been sitting with his feet up at home when he received an SOS (Save Our Skins) from the England selectors. [PAR] With Thomson firing down leather rockets, Lloyd took the veteran aside and muttered: \"You stay up that end against Max Walker because it's all going off down this end.\" A gesture Cowdrey would later describe \"as the most generous act I have ever known in cricket\". \"Don't forget, they were eight-ball overs in those days,\" adds Lloyd, \"and five of them were bouncers so there were only three balls you could have a dart at. You'd be in there for an hour and then you'd glance up at the scoreboard to see you'd made six.\" [PAR] After making a heroic 49 in his first knock, Lloyd was making dogged progress in the second innings when Thomson caught him 'full on' in the most tender part of the anatomy. [PAR] \"We wore little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Felinology is the study of cats | Cats, Kittens ... Felinology is the study of cats [PAR] Post add [PAR] Felinology is the study of cats [PAR] Zoology is the study of animals and there&rsquo;s a separate and peculiar part of the study of unique animals &ndash; cats. This part is called felinology. This science studies anatomy, physiology, breeds, general principles of life, breeding and cat ownership. 9 lives of the beauty The proverb says a cat has 9 lives. How to underst [PAR] Jul 20, 2014 [PAR] Zoology is the study of animals and there\u2019s a separate and peculiar part of the study of unique animals \u2013 cats. This part is called felinology. This science studies anatomy, physiology, breeds, general principles of life, breeding and cat ownership. [PAR] 9 lives of the beauty [PAR] The proverb says a cat has 9 lives. How to understand this statement? In ancient times people treated cats as mysterious, dreamy and secret creature. It was believed that a cat could overcome death several times. So what is it: the amazing vitality or the capacity to get out of any situation? The answer is the second. [PAR] A cat is a predator and like all predators it\u2019s got quick reflexes that allow it to get out of any critical situations. Also, cats are incredibly hardy. [PAR] Cats\u2019 life expectancy: domestic cat \u2013 12 years, yard cat \u2013 less than 5 years. The history shows there were 20 years old cats. There\u2019s information about certain cats long-livers who have lived 34, 36 and 38 years. The oldest cat lived in England and in 1987 died at the age of 30. [PAR] Felinologists have argued for many years about cat\u2019s and human\u2019s age parallel. [PAR] Table of life [PAR] There\u2019s an exemplary table of matching, of course, an expert will make some corrections regarding to the breed of cat. [PAR] Age: cat \u2013 human[DOC] [TLE] Felinology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Felinology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Felinology [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Felinology is the study of cats . [1] The term has a Latin - Greek origin and comes from the Latin word felinus (of cats, feline) and the Greek -logos (science). Felinology is concerned with studying the anatomy , genetics , physiology , and breeding of domestic and wild cats. [PAR] Add links [PAR] This page was last modified 00:05, 5 April 2011 by Wikipedia anonymous user 70.160.129.156 . [PAR] Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sylvia Plath | Academy of American Poets Sylvia Plath - Poet | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] 1932-1963 , Boston , MA , United States [PAR] Related Schools & Movements: [PAR] read poems by this poet [PAR] Sylvia Plath was born on October 27, 1932, in Boston, Massachusetts. Her mother, Aurelia Schober, was a master\u2019s student at Boston University when she met Plath\u2019s father, Otto Plath, who was her professor. They were married in January of 1932. Otto taught both German and biology, with a focus on apiology, the study of bees. [PAR] In 1940, when Plath was eight years old, her father died as a result of complications from diabetes. He had been a strict father, and both his authoritarian attitudes and his death drastically defined her relationships and her poems\u2014most notably in her elegaic and infamous poem \" Daddy. \" [PAR] Even in her youth, Plath was ambitiously driven to succeed. She kept a journal from the age of eleven and published her poems in regional magazines and newspapers. Her first national publication was in the Christian Science Monitor in 1950, just after graduating from high school. [PAR] In 1950, Plath matriculated at Smith College. She was an exceptional student, and despite a deep depression she went through in 1953 and a subsequent suicide attempt, she managed to graduate summa cum laude in 1955. [PAR] After graduation, Plath moved to Cambridge, England, on a Fulbright Scholarship. In early 1956, she attended a party and met the English poet Ted Hughes . Shortly thereafter, Plath and Hughes were married, on June 16, 1956. [PAR] Plath returned to Massachusetts in 1957 and began studying with Robert Lowell . Her first collection of poems, Colossus, was published in 1960 in England, and two years later in the United States. She returned to England, where she gave birth to her children Frieda and Nicholas, in 1960 and 1962, respectively. [PAR] In 1962, Ted Hughes left Plath for Assia Gutmann Wevill. That winter, in a deep depression, Plath wrote most of the poems that would comprise her most famous book, Ariel . [PAR] In 1963, Plath published a semi-autobiographical novel, The Bell Jar, under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas. Then, on February 11, 1963, during one of the worst English winters on record, Plath wrote a note to her downstairs neighbor instructing him to call the doctor, then she committed suicide using her gas oven. [PAR] Plath\u2019s poetry is often associated with the Confessional movement, and compared to the work of poets such as Lowell and fellow student Anne Sexton . Often, her work is singled out for the intense coupling of its violent or disturbed imagery and its playful use of alliteration and rhyme. [PAR] Although only Colossus was published while she was alive, Plath was a prolific poet, and in addition to Ariel, Hughes published three other volumes of her work posthumously, including The Collected Poems, which was the recipient of the 1982 Pulitzer Prize. She was the first poet to posthumously win a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unobtainium - Uncyclopedia - Wikia Unobtainium | Uncyclopedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] edit Definition [PAR] In science fiction, unobtainium (also spelled unobtanium ) is an extremely rare, costly, and physically impossible material slated to fulfill sexual desires, even in users over 100 years of age. The properties of unobtainium depend on the intended use. For example, a hand job using unobtainium would be sticky and frictionless, and thus is contraindicated on masturbation; however, if used in a fictional nuclear rocket unobtainium would be lighter than air, float at room temperatures, and be resistant to devaluation. [PAR] edit History [PAR] Since the late 1800s, Mambo Zulu, the world\u2019s poorest man, and any others who are broke, refer to money using the term unobtainium, especially when referring to any valuable money, such as the Indian Rupee. Unobtainium is also used when fantasizing about a sexual stimulant conceded perfect in all respects, except that, unfortunately, it does not exist. [PAR] By the 1900s, the term was in wide use, even in formal engineering papers such as \"Towards unobtainium new imaginary materials for space movie applications, such as a plot device\". The word unobtainium may well have been coined in the aerospace industry to refer to materials capable of withstanding the impossible temperatures expected when landing on the Sun. Aerospace engineers are frequently tempted to design aircraft which require parts with strength or resilience beyond any hope of ever being real. [PAR] If you see Unobtanium is being touted in some product you can take that as total bullshit. [PAR] Later, Unobtainium became a fictional term in porno for practical materials used to replace humans in \u201cfluffing\u201d - that really don\u2019t exist, making it very difficult to get; for example, like a billion dollars cash. You can sell your dick to amazon women for a pound of it [PAR] edit Etymology [PAR] Unobtanium is extremely hard to come by - except for whenever Hollywood deems its use necessary. [PAR] The word unobtainium is derived from un + obtain + -ium. The term also closely resembles the systematic element name for unnamed or undiscovered elements or hot babes that have a elemental phone number of 1-715\u2013HOT-GIRL. For example, Unscrotium or Unpoontangium. Like Unobtainium, these all have names beginning with \"un\" and ending in \"ium\". However, the name unobtainium was in use long before the first draft of the film script for Avatar . [PAR] edit Possible Uses [PAR] Unobtainium is the hardest and strongest chemical element known to man. It is so durable that a vessel made of unobtainium can hold Donald Trump in his voyage to the center of the Earth. Unfortunately, the vessel would also be strong enough to bring him back to the surface making the voyage pointless. [PAR] A two inch thick sheet of Unobtanium is strong enough to withstand and protect somebody in the midst of a nuclear explosion, because of this scientists hope to make a solar lander with the metal to explore the surface of the sun . The principal set back for the plan...is managing to find some uobtanium. It has also been suggested that a structure like this could be used as a new government building, giving the President the option of a penthouse suite on the top floor, or a regular office downstairs without fears of car bombs taking out the building or unexpected airplane reroutings. For more information on this proposal, see Natural selection . [PAR] Though Unobtanium is extremely hard and durable, it also has a high viscosity when heated, leading scientists to believe that once melted, it could"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spanish Currency History - don Quijote Spanish Currency - Spanish Money History: The Peseta | don Quijote [PAR] Read the Spanish version [PAR] The euro was introduced as money in Spain in 2002. The majority of the European Union members adopted this new currency to make traveling between countries easier, since the currency for Spain is the same in most EU countries. The euro is the official currency of 16 (of 27) member states in the EU: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Estonia (due to join in 2011). The euro consists of 7 bank notes with values of: 500\u20ac, 200\u20ac, 100\u20ac, 50\u20ac, 20\u20ac, 10\u20ac and 5\u20ac, and 8 coins with values of: 2\u20ac, 1\u20ac, 0.50\u20ac, 0.20\u20ac, 0.10\u20ac, 0.05\u20ac, 0.02\u20ac and 0.01\u20ac. On the denomination side of the Spanish currency, the image is the same for all European countries, but the image on the face side of the coins vary according to which country the coin came from. [PAR] Spanish Currency History [PAR] Spain\u2019s currency history prior to the euro consisted of the Spanish Real, the Spanish Escudo, and the Spanish Peseta. Most of the changes in Spanish money occurred due to conceptual shifts, when certain denominations of an old Spanish currency began to be mentioned with words that would later be used to describe what would eventually become the new currency in Spain . [PAR] The Spanish real, meaning Royal, was the Spanish currency for several centuries from the mid-14th century until 1864, when the escudo replaced the real in the Spanish economy. The real was introduced by King Pedro I of Castile as a standardized coin with a value of 3 maraved\u00edes (Iberian gold and silver coins). Eight reales was equivalent to one silver peso, or Spanish dollar, which would be introduced as Spanish money the same year. The Spanish dollar was used in American and Asia and Spanish coinage became popular during this period in international trade and commerce. [PAR] The Spanish escudo referred to two different types of Spanish currency denominations: silver and gold. The first Spanish escudo was a gold coin and was introduced in 1566 which continued to be issued until 1833. The Silver escudo was used from 1864-1869 until it was replaced by the new Spanish currency called the peseta. Each escudo represented a certain value of reales, the previous currency of Spain. [PAR] Before the euro became the main currency of Spain, the money in Spain was called pesetas. Pesetas were in use from 1869 until the implementation of the euro in 2002. The word peseta comes from the word peceta, a diminutive of the Catalan word pe\u00e7a, meaning \u201ca small piece.\u201d By the 15th century the word referred to a silver coin and by the Middle Ages the word was used to describe the value of two reales (previous Spanish currency). In an effort to unite the currency in Spain, a decree was issued in October of 1868 when Spain joined the Latin Monetary Union that stablished the peseta as the national Spanish currency with the intention of strengthening the economy, business and promoting a stable financial system. [PAR] Spanish Economy [PAR] When Spain was accepted into the EU, it generated increased foreign investment and market liberalization in the Spanish economy. Spain was the principal beneficiary of the EU\u2019s \u201charmonization fund\u201d which provided support to the poorer EU nations to reduced economic disparities. A number of EU-funded projects during this time propelled the economy in Spain, including: the construction of airports, highways, and high-speed rail lines. After"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Car battery voltage - all you need to know Car battery voltage - all you need to know [PAR] You are here: Home / Car Battery How-Tos / Car battery voltage [PAR] Car battery voltage [PAR] by Stepan Andreev [PAR] 12 volts is the standard automotive battery in today\u2019s vehicle and each of the battery has 6 cells with a voltage of 2.1. A fully charged car battery has 12.6 volts. [PAR] There is a very big difference when a car battery drops even a small amount of voltage. When a car drops, for instance, from 12.6 to 12.0, there will be 75% difference. Its power drops from 100% to 25%. At 12.4 volts, a car battery is 75% charged while at 12.2 volts its 50% charged. [PAR] Consider your car battery charged at 12.4 volts or higher and discharged at 12.39 volts or less. [PAR] Check Battery Voltage and State of Charge [PAR] It is important that you first check the battery plus the charging system output (alternator). Turn on the headlights if they come on with normal brightness it\u2019s possible the no crank problem is not the battery. The problem could be one of the following: [PAR] bad starter relay or solenoid [PAR] a poor wiring connection between the relay and starter or [PAR] Dim or no headlights at all, check on the battery voltage and charging output. [PAR] You will need a voltmeter for this. First you select 12 or 20 voltmeter scale then connect the voltmeter red positive test lead to the battery positive terminal (+) and also the black negative test lead to the battery negative terminal (-). [PAR] In case the battery has a reading of 12.4 from the voltmeter , it means it is low (discharged) and should be recharged. A battery fully charged has a reading of about 12.6 volts. [PAR] Check Car Battery Charging Voltage [PAR] You should connect the voltmeter to the battery as before but not the charging voltage and this should be done after charging the battery or jump starting the car. 13.5 to 14.5 or more volts at idle should be produced by a charging system that operates normally. The alternator may not be putting out enough current to keep the battery charged if the charging voltage is less than 13.5 volts. Make sure the alternator is tested (can be tested at an auto parts store). Consider replacing the alternator if the current output is not up to specifications. [PAR] After recharging the battery, test it to find out if it is capable of holding a charge. Do this by use of a hand held electronic battery tester or a conventional load tester. If the battery is good or bad, be sure that the tester will tell you. It is important to note that for accurate test results load testers require the battery to be fully charged. Reliable test results are given by most electronic testers even if the battery is not fully charged. Replace a battery if it fails a load test. [PAR] 12V Car Battery Voltage Chart [PAR] The average duration a car battery can last is 4 to 5 years or even 3 years in hot climates such as Arizona and Florida. Therefore if your battery is more than 4 years old and car battery voltage drops quickly, it is possible it has reached the peak of its useful service life and requires replacement especially if it does not hold a charge but it has a normal working charging system. [PAR] (74 votes, average: 4.24 out of 5) [PAR] Loading..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Decathlon | iaaf.org Decathlon | iaaf.org [PAR] Decathlon [PAR] Decathlon [PAR] How it works [PAR] This is the men\u2019s ultimate all-round test, a 10-event contest covering the whole range of athletics disciplines spread over two days. [PAR] Competitors earn points for their performance in each discipline and the overall winner is the man who accrues the most points. [PAR] The first day consists of (in order): 100m, long jump, shot put, high jump and 400m. The second day\u2019s events are 110m hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin and 1500m. [PAR] History [PAR] The forerunner of the modern decathlon was the pentathlon, a regular feature of the Ancient Olympics that comprised the long jump, discus, javelin, sprint and wrestling. [PAR] Various versions of the event re-emerged in the 19th century to determine all-around prowess and a combined events competition was held at the 1904 Olympic Games. But the first decathlon that resembles the current format was held in 1911, with the inaugural Olympic Games decathlon \u2013 famously won by the legendary Jim Thorpe \u2013 taking place a year later in Stockholm. [PAR] There is also an official world record for the women's decathlon but this is not contested at major championships. [PAR] Did you know [PAR] The scoring tables that determine how a many points a performance is worth have actually been adjusted six times since they were established in 1912, because of athletes' ever-improving abilities, equipment changes and to equate the events more accurately. The changes happened in 1920, 1934, 1950, 1962, 1977 (to take account of the growing use of electronic timing) and, most recently, 1985. [PAR] Gold standard [PAR] Ashton Eaton's victory at the 2012 Olympics was the 13th decathlon gold medal for the USA, who have been the most dominant nation in the event by a long way as no other country has won more than two gold medals. In similar fashion, the USA has been the most successful nation at the IAAF World Championships with nine gold medals in 15 editions. [PAR] Rico Freimuth in the decathlon discus at the IAAF World Championships, Beijing 2015 (Getty Images) \u00a9 Copyright [PAR] Icons [PAR] Bob Mathias [PAR] Mathias was just 17 when he won the Olympic title in 1948, and he still remains the youngest ever winner of an Olympic decathlon medal. [PAR] Four years later in Helsinki, after setting his first world record in 1950, he won by the astonishing margin of 912 points with a world record tally of 7887 to become the first man to successfully defend an Olympic decathlon title. [PAR] Later in life, he became a successful politician and served eight years as a congressman in the US House of Representatives. He died in 2006 at the age of 75. [PAR] Decathlon men Outdoor All time [PAR] 1 [PAR] Decathlon women Outdoor All time [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] To jaw-jaw is always better than to war-war... - Quote To jaw-jaw is always better than to war-war... - Quote [PAR] You can report quote corrections via the \"Conversation\" tab below [PAR] Search on Google Books to find citations of this quotation. [PAR] Source Notes: Source: WINSTON CHURCHILL, remarks at a White House luncheon, June 26, 1954. His exact words are not known, because the meetings and the luncheon that day were closed to reporters, but above is the commonly cited version.His words are quoted as It is better to jaw-jaw than to war-war, in the sub-heading on p. 1 of The New York Times, June 27, 1954, and as To jaw-jaw always is better than to war-war on p. 3.The Washington Post in its June 27 issue, p. 1, has better to talk jaw to jaw than have war, and The Star, Washington, D.C., p. 1, a slight variation, It is better to talk jaw to jaw than to have war."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek Architecture: Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian? - For Dummies Greek Architecture: Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian? - dummies [PAR] Greek Architecture: Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian? [PAR] Greek Architecture: Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian? [PAR] Greek Architecture: Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian? [PAR] By Deborah K. Dietsch, Robert A. M. Stern [PAR] For the Greeks, temples were not only places to worship the gods but also impressive symbols of their society and culture. They were built as focal points on the highest ground of every city in Greece and the conquered territories around the Mediterranean. Beneath the temples spread public meeting places, civic buildings, gymnasiums, stadiums, theaters, and housing. [PAR] Today, the remains of Greek cities can be found in Italy, Sicily, and Turkey. One of the reasons that they have lasted so long is that the Greeks built their temples, amphitheaters, and other major public buildings with limestone and marble. Blocks of stone were held in place by bronze or iron pins set into molten lead \u2014 a flexible system that could withstand earthquakes. [PAR] Greek architecture followed a highly structured system of proportions that relates individual architectural components to the whole building. This system was developed according to three styles, or orders. Each order consists of an upright support called a column that extends from a base at the bottom to a shaft in the middle and a capital at the top \u2014 much like the feet, body, and head of the human figure. The capital was often a stylized representation of natural forms, such as animal horns or plant leaves. It, in turn, supports a horizontal element called the entablature, which is divided further into three different parts: [PAR] The architrave (lowest part) [PAR] The frieze (middle) [PAR] The cornice (top) [PAR] These elements, in turn, were further elaborated with decorative moldings and ornamentation (see Figure 1). Each component of a classical order was sized and arranged according to an overall proportioning system based on the height and diameter of the columns. [PAR] Figure 1: Parts of a column. [PAR] The Greeks first constructed their orders with wood, and then switched to stone using the same forms. The ends of the wooden beams holding up the roof, for example, were translated into stone as a decorative element, called a triglyph (\u201cthree grooves\u201d), in the entablature above the column capital. [PAR] The Greeks started out using only one order per building. But after a few hundred years, they got more creative and sometimes used one order for the exterior and another for the interior. The proportions of the orders were developed over a long period of time \u2014 they became lighter and more refined. [PAR] Some folks think that the orders are primarily a question of details, moldings, and characteristic capitals. However, in fact, the very concept of order and an overall relationship is really the most important thing here. Each of the orders is a proportional system or a range of proportions for the entire structure. [PAR] Doric: Heavy simplicity [PAR] The oldest, simplest, and most massive of the three Greek orders is the Doric, which was applied to temples beginning in the 7th century B.C. As shown in Figure 2, columns are placed close together and are often without bases. Their shafts are sculpted with concave curves called flutes. The capitals are plain with a rounded section at the bottom, known as the echinus, and a square at the top, called the abacus. The entablature has a distinctive frieze decorated with vertical channels, or triglyphs. In between the triglyphs are spaces, called metopes, which were commonly sculpted with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maquis - LA RESISTANCE FRANCAISE Maquis - LA RESISTANCE FRANCAISE [PAR] LA RESISTANCE FRANCAISE [PAR] Bibliographie [PAR] Women of the maquis [PAR] Did you know.... 15% of the total resistance were women they played a very important part in the underground network run by the resistance. They were also needed to fix uniforms and clothing, they were also great at making concealable items and weapons, such as hidden fake passports or small caliber weapons like small hand held revolvers. [PAR] Maquis [PAR] les Maquis [PAR] World war 2 started with the invasion of poland in 1938, and quickly followed with the invasion and the france, particulaly Paris. Well some like the \"Vichy France\" were in high support of the nazis and their movement, other like the guerilla tactics useing french resistance fighters \"the free french forces\". Allied Soilders were dropped behind enemy lines to helop train the french into a fighting unit. British bombers dropped supplies of small arms, such as the easily made sten gun for it low production cost and very simple design, aswell as the americain made liberator one shot bolt action pistol, taking .45 caliber was aminly design just for one shot to the head of a german patrol taking his gun and now you have a bigger gun. Americian and british soliders had a big part in the training and arming of the resistance. Walking around in plain clothes the resistance couldn't have bine told different from the other neo nazi parisians, making them like spies. [PAR] French forces of the interier [PAR] Unlike the Marquis they were not a reconized the FFI (french forces of the interier) were not a reconized group of soliders to the American army. Therefore they didn't recieve direct support and supplies and weapons from the americans. That though didn't nessisaryily mean their weapons were french standard. Any weapons they could lay their hand on they used, so even more so they had a diversity of weapons comapired to other bands of resistance fighters, they had a standard of german with lots of old french from WW1 and a little british and american they could find on bodies, of fallen soliders. They were more trainde than the Maquis, more ready, more strategic. [PAR] Create a free website[DOC] [TLE] History of the French Resistance - the Alliance Reseau ... History of the French Resistance - the Alliance Reseau, Maquis, FTP and FFI [PAR] The French Resistance [PAR] Charles de Gaulle [PAR] Le Struthof or Camp du Struthof in Alsace has a particular significance for the French because it was the main Nazi concentration camp where French resistance fighters were sent after they were captured by the Germans during World War II. The camp, also known as Natzwiller-Struthof, has become a symbol of the French resistance against the evils of Fascism during the German occupation of France. Although there were around 40,000 French citizens who were convicted of collaborating with the Nazis, there were also thousands of brave men and women who did not accept the capitulation of France and continued to fight Fascism as civilian soldiers or partisans in defiance of both the Geneva Convention of 1929 and the Armistice signed by France and Germany after France surrendered. [PAR] The leader of the French resistance was Charles de Gaulle, shown in the photo above, as he broadcasts over the British Broadcasting Company (BBC). De Gaulle made his headquarters in Great Britain and the French resistance was aided and financed by the British. [PAR] In 2005, a new museum at the Natzweiler Memorial Site was dedicated to the heroes of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mickey Mouse-Mickey's Trailer - YouTube Mickey Mouse-Mickey's Trailer - YouTube [PAR] Mickey Mouse-Mickey's Trailer [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Sep 22, 2013 [PAR] Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the most recognizable cartoon characters in the world. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Mickey Mouse - Mad Cartoon Network Wiki - Wikia Mickey Mouse | Mad Cartoon Network Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Summary of Character [PAR] Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company . He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the most recognizable cartoon characters in the world. [PAR] Mickey first was seen in a single test screening (Plane Crazy). Mickey officially debuted in the short film Steamboat Willie (1928), one of the first sound cartoons. He went on to appear in over 130 films, including The Band Concert (1935), Brave Little Tailor (1938), and Fantasia (1940). Mickey appeared primarily in short films, but also occasionally in feature-length films. Ten of Mickey's cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, one of which, Lend a Paw, won the award in 1942. In 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. [PAR] Beginning in 1930, Mickey has also been featured extensively as a comic strip character. His self-titled newspaper strip, drawn primarily by Floyd Gottfredson, ran for 45 years. Mickey has also appeared in comic books and in television series such as The Mickey Mouse Club (1955\u20131996) and others. He also appears in other media such as video games as well as merchandising, and is a meetable character at the Disney parks. [PAR] Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse , his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck, and Goofy, and his nemesis Pete, among others. Originally characterized as a mischievous antihero, Mickey's increasing popularity led to his being rebranded as an everyman, usually seen as a flawed, but adventurous hero. In 2009, Disney began to rebrand the character again by putting less emphasis on his pleasant, cheerful side and reintroducing the more mischievous and adventurous sides of his personality, beginning with the video game Epic Mickey. [PAR] For more information about Mickey Mouse, visit here ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polish Flag, Flag of Poland - Maps of World Polish Flag, Flag of Poland [PAR] Quiz on national flags [PAR] Polish Flag [PAR] The Poland flag was formally acquired on 1st August, in the year of 1919. This flag is tinged with two equal horizontal segments of Red and White. [PAR] Flag of Poland [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited, its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] Germany Flag [PAR] The Red band of color is depicted on the top of the white one. The corporation of the National flag of Poland is traced as 5:8.The red and white color has an ancient association with Polish History. [PAR] The color of white stands for peace and morality while the color of red stands for endurance, gallantry, vigor and bravery. Other than the earlier connection with country of Poland the colors of Red and white are connected with its widely known \"coat of arms\". [PAR] Official Name: Rzeczpos polita polska [PAR] Capital: Warsaw [PAR] Location: On the Baltic Sea Poland Shares land frontiers with Germany in the west the former Czechoslovakia in the south and the former USSR in the east. [PAR] Area: 312, 685 Sq. km. [PAR] Official Language: Polish [PAR] National Anthem: Mazurek Dabrowskiego Dabrowski Mazurka (1927) [PAR] Fact about Poland flag[DOC] [TLE] UAE Flag, Flag of United Arab Emirates - World Map UAE Flag, Flag of United Arab Emirates [PAR] Quiz on national flags [PAR] UAE Flag (United Arab Emirates) [PAR] The flag of United Arab Emirates was officially adopted on December 2, 1971. The UAE Flag is made up of four colors, red, green, white and black. [PAR] Flag of United Arab Emirates [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited, its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] Oman Flag [PAR] United Arab Emirates Flag Description [PAR] The flag of the United Arab Emirates is made up of red, green, white, and black. The quarter of the flag along the hoist side is a vertical stripe of solid red. The remaining three-quarters of the flag are divided into horizontal stripes of green, white, and a black from top to bottom. Each of these bands are of equal width. [PAR] The combination of colors of the UAE flag are used frequently as pan-Arab colors, also found on the flags of other Arab nations. The black references Islam's early history with many wars in the Middle East during the first caliphates, up until around 1258 AD. The black also represents the oil of UAE, its most valuable natural resource. The green is for the Fatimids Caliphate in the region from around 909 AD to 1171 AD, while also representing fertility and the greenery of UAE. Red, which often symbolizes the blood and valor of wars, represents the Ottomans. White is frequently symbolic of peace and purity. [PAR] History of the United Arab Emirates Flag [PAR] The flag of the United Arab Emirates was officially adopted on December 2, 1971. This flag was designed by a teenager, Abdullah Mohammad Al Maainah, who submitted his design to a contest for choosing a national flag. The colors of the UAE flag are those used in the 1916 Arab revolution. [PAR] Each of the seven emirates has its own flag, which are all red and white but vary in design. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Effects of Diabetes on the Body - Healthline 19 Effects of Diabetes on the Body [PAR] Cataracts and Glaucoma [PAR] The Effects of Diabetes on the Body [PAR] After you eat or drink, your body breaks down the sugars in your blood and turns it into glucose. The glucose travels through your bloodstream and provides your body with energy. To accomplish this, your pancreas needs to produce a hormone called insulin. In a person with diabetes (diabetes mellitus), the pancreas either produces too little insulin or none at all, or the insulin can\u2019t be used effectively. This allows blood glucose levels to rise while the rest of your cells are deprived of much needed energy. This can lead to a wide variety of problems affecting nearly every part of your body. [PAR] There are two main types of diabetes. Type 1, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an immune system disorder. In Type 1 diabetes, the patient\u2019s own immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, destroying the ability to manufacture insulin. People with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin to live. Most people with Type 1 diabetes are diagnosed as children or young adults. [PAR] The main problem in Type 2 diabetes is the presence of what is called insulin resistance. In this sort of diabetes, the pancreas starts off robust in its production of insulin. However, cells that need energy don\u2019t respond normally to the usual amounts of insulin. The pancreas has to produce much higher levels of the hormone in order to manage blood glucose levels. Over time, the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas can burn themselves out due to this overproduction. At this point a person with Type 2 diabetes begins to require insulin medication. However, in earlier phases of this more common type of diabetes, the illness can be effectively managed with diet, exercise, and careful monitoring of blood sugars. Some people with Type 2 diabetes may require a variety of oral medications and eventually, as described above, some will eventually need insulin. [PAR] Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy. Most of the time, gestational diabetes can be controlled through diet and exercise, and it typically resolves after the baby is delivered. [PAR] Common symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, and sluggishness. Blood tests will reveal high sugar levels. [PAR] Endocrine, Excretory, and Digestive Systems [PAR] Your pancreas produces and releases insulin to help make energy out of sugars. If your pancreas produces little or no insulin, or if your body can\u2019t use it, alternate hormones are used to turn fat into energy. This can create high levels of toxic chemicals, including acids and ketone bodies, which may lead to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. This is a serious complication of the disease. Symptoms include extreme thirst, excessive urination, and fatigue. Your breath may have a sweet scent that is caused by the elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood. High blood sugar levels and excess ketones in your urine can confirm diabetic ketoacidosis. Untreated, the condition can lead to loss of consciousness or even death. [PAR] Diabetes can damage your kidneys, affecting their ability to filter waste products from your blood. Elevated amounts of protein in your urine (microalbuminuria) may be a sign that your kidneys aren\u2019t functioning properly. Kidney disease related to diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. This condition doesn\u2019t show symptoms until it advances to later stages. People with diabetes should be evaluated for nephropathy in order to avoid irreversible kidney damage and kidney failure. [PAR] Diabetic hyperglycemic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The King and I (1956) - IMDb The King and I (1956) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The King and I ( 1956 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] A widow accepts a job as a live-in governess to the King of Siam's children. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 02 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 30 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The King and I (1956) [PAR] 7.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 5 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] In the Oklahoma territory at the turn of the twentieth century, two young cowboys vie with an evil ranch hand and a traveling peddler for the hearts of the women they love. [PAR] Director: Fred Zinnemann [PAR] On a South Pacific island during World War II, love blooms between a young nurse and a secretive Frenchman who's being courted for a dangerous military mission. [PAR] Director: Joshua Logan [PAR] The Egyptian Prince, Moses, learns of his true heritage as a Hebrew and his divine mission as the deliverer of his people. [PAR] Director: Cecil B. DeMille [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.9/10 X [PAR] Billy Bigelow has been dead for fifteen years, and now outside the pearly gates, he long waived his right to go back to Earth for a day. But he has heard that there is a problem with his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Henry King [PAR] In 1850 Oregon, when a backwoodsman brings a wife home to his farm, his six brothers decide that they want to get married too. [PAR] Director: Stanley Donen [PAR] Harold Hill poses as a boys' band leader to con naive Iowa townsfolk. [PAR] Director: Morton DaCosta [PAR] The story of the great sharpshooter Annie Oakley , who rose to fame while dealing with her love/professional rival, Frank Butler. [PAR] Directors: George Sidney, Busby Berkeley [PAR] Stars: Betty Hutton, Howard Keel, Louis Calhern [PAR] The story of the romance between the King of Siam and widowed British schoolteacher, Anna Leonowens, during the 1860s. [PAR] Director: Andy Tennant [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Mrs. Anna Leonowens and her son Louis arrive in Bangkok, where she has been contracted to teach English to the children of the royal household. She threatens to leave when the house she had been promised is not available, but falls in love with the children. A new slave, a gift of a vassal king, translates \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" into a Siamese ballet. After expressing her unhappiness at being with the King, the slave decides to make an attempt to escape with her lover. Anna and the King start to fall in love, but her headstrong upbringing inhibits her from joining his harem. She is just about to leave Siam but something important she finds out makes her think about changing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tattenham Corner - Epsom Surrey - Pub-Explorer.com Tattenham Corner - Epsom Surrey [PAR] Tattenham Corner [PAR] Epsom Downs, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5NY View Map. [PAR] Contact us [PAR] See whats new and forthcoming at our Beefeater... Read more [PAR] What's New & Forthcoming [PAR] Come in and try our 21 day aged steak and chips which start from \u00a310.99. [PAR] New & Improved Kids Menu: [PAR] We\u2019ve got a great selection of dishes for all appetites, so no one will go hungry. Our meal deal options start from just \u00a34.75 and come with a free squash. [PAR] About Us [PAR] Originally an Inn, this Beefeater Grill restaurant was built in 1928 to... Read more [PAR] Originally an Inn, this Beefeater Grill restaurant was built in 1928 to an attractive style and is located in a superb area. Tattenham Corner overlooks Epsom Racecourse and the golf course. Inside you will find a mixture of contemporary & traditional style with booth seating, wooden panelling and autumnal colours. Food is served in the bar and restaurant from the Beefeater Grill menu throughout the day, enjoy our chargrilled flavour. The conservatory looks over the Downs and we also have a good beer garden. We look forward to seeing you soon [PAR] Our Food & Menus [PAR] Our passion is chargrilling, because we're passionate about food. We only us... Read more [PAR] Our passion is chargrilling, because we're passionate about food. We only use the finest cuts of steak from traditionally reared cattle fed predominantly on grass to ensure exceptional flavour and tenderness. Our steaks are expertly prepared by a British family run firm of butchers and matured for a minimum of 21 days before being seared on the chargrill for that special Beefeater taste! Today on our menu you'll also find succulent chicken and fish as well as fabulous salads. [PAR] Breakfast Times"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morse code alphabet - International Morse Code International Morse Code [PAR] International Morse Code [PAR] For learning Morse code it is recommended that you do not try to remember dots and dashes, but remember the Morse code sounds instead. [PAR] Letter [PAR] CL, Going off the air (\"clear\") [PAR] -.-..-.. [PAR] DO, Change to wabun code [PAR] -..--- [PAR] KN, Invite a specific station to transmit [PAR] -.--. [PAR] SK, End of transmission (also VA) [PAR] ...-.- [PAR] I am ready to copy [PAR] QRV? [PAR] Are you ready to copy? [PAR] QRL [PAR] The frequency is in use [PAR] QRL? [PAR] Is the frequency in use? [PAR] QTH [PAR] What is your location? [PAR] Notes [PAR] If the duration of a dot is taken to be one unit then that of a dash is three units. The space between the components of one character is one unit, between characters is three units and between words seven units. To indicate that a mistake has been made and for the receiver to delete the last word, send ........ (eight dots). [PAR] The prosigns are combinations of two letters sent together with no space in between. The other abbreviations and Q codes are sent with the normal spacing. [PAR] I am a father and foster carer [PAR] a principal research engineer at the IT Innovation Centre [PAR] a Woodcraft Folk district coordinator [PAR] a salsa teacher [PAR] and in my spare time I write and maintain this web site [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright Stephen C. Phillips, 2015[DOC] [TLE] Morse code - Crypto Museum Morse code [PAR] [PAR] Morse code [PAR] Morse code is a method for encoding text into a series of dashes and dots, that can be sent (transmitted) by means of sound, light or radio waves, and that can be decoded be a skilled listener without special equipment. The system is named after the American artist Samuel Finley Breese Morse [2] who co-developed an electrical telegraph system at the beginning of 1836 [1] . [PAR] [PAR] In his original design, Samuel Morse had only planned to use numbers (0-9). The code was later adapted for more general use by Alfred Vail, who added letters, special characters and punctuation marks to the code, in such a way that the most frequently used characters (in the English language) were represented by the shortest codes (e.g. the letter 'e' is a single dot). [PAR] In the early days, morse code was used to send short text messages over long distance by means of the so-called electrical telegraph via (long) wires. The transmitting operator used a morse key (switch) to turn the electric current on and off in the rithm of the morse codes. [PAR] [PAR] At the receiving end, the electric current engaged an electro-magnet, that would 'click' in the rithm of the morse signals. In most cases the codes were directly written to paper by attaching a pen to the electro-magnet, resulting in the original series of dots, dashes and spaces. The image below shows the word MESSAGE printed by a telegraph in morse code on a paper strip. [PAR] This way, a message could be recorded, even if the operator was not present at the receiving station. The dots and dashes were later translated into text again. Some operators were trained to recognize the 'clicks' of the electro-magnet, translate them to text and write them down directly. [PAR] [PAR] In the 1890s, morse code began to be used for radio communication as well, as it was not possible to transmit voice at the time. When used over radio, the dots"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Backgammon FAQ: Basic Rules Backgammon FAQ: Basic Rules [PAR] Backgammon FAQ [PAR] Q: What is backgammon? [PAR] Backgammon is a game played by two players, each with fifteen checkers , on a board consisting of 24 narrow triangles called point . The players move their checkers around the board according to rolls of the dice and the first player to get all their checkers off is the winner. The fun comes from hitting and blocking your opponent's checkers to impede their progress. [PAR] Backgammon is a game of odds and calculation, but it's also a game of patterns and vision. Because it is played with dice, many people think of backgammon as a gambling game. Backgammon is often played for money, but it is certainly not a game of luck. There is a surprising amount of skill in the game. [PAR] Backgammon is an easy game to learn. It's fast-actioned, and fun to play either face-to-face on a real board or over the Internet. You will spend many enjoyable years learning and improving at this game. [PAR] \"Backgammon is an easy game to play, but not easy to play well.\" \u0097Daniel Murphy [PAR] \"People think the game consists primarily of math\u0097calculating odds and so forth. That's not true. It's essentially a game of patterns, a visual game, like chess.\" \u0097Paul Magriel [PAR] \"It's a game of skill and luck. When I win I can claim it's due to my good skill. When I lose I can claim it's due to my bad luck.\" \u0097David Forthoffer [PAR] A backgammon board . [PAR] Thirty counters or checkers in two colors, fifteen of the same color for each player. [PAR] A pair of dice numbered from 1 to 6. For convenience, two pairs of dice (one pair for each player) is best. [PAR] A dice cup , for shaking and rolling the dice. Again, it is better to have two dice cups. [PAR] A doubling cube for keeping track of the stakes of the game. See [PAR] Q: How do you set up the board? [PAR] There are two ways to set up a backgammon board, both really the same. [PAR] The first illustration shows the setup when you are plaing White and your checkers move counterclockwise around the board. Red's checkers go in the opposite direction. Both players bear off to the right; you at the lower-right, your opponent at the upper-right. [PAR] The second illustration shows the setup when your checkers move clockwise around the board. Red's checkers go in the opposite direction, and both players bear off to the left. [PAR] Notice when you bear off to your right, your opponent will be bearing off to their left, and vice versa. [PAR] Q: Who goes first? [PAR] To decide who goes first, you and your opponent each roll one die. In the case of a tie, you both roll again. The player who rolls the higher number goes first. That player does not roll the dice again; they play the two numbers just rolled on their first turn. [PAR] Notice that the player who goes first never has doubles on their first turn because ties on the first roll are always broken. [PAR] Q: What is a gammon? A backgammon? [PAR] If you bear off all fifteen of your checkers before your opponent has borne off any of theirs, you win a gammon , or double game. [PAR] If you bear off all fifteen of your checkers before your opponent has borne off any of theirs and they have one or more checkers in your home board or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Do the Washing Symbols on Wash Care Labels Mean? Washing Symbols | Wash Care Labels on Clothes | Cleanipedia [PAR] Five Dots = 70 C [PAR] Six Dots = 95 C [PAR] Permanent Press: The Permanent Press symbol has one line beneath the standard wash symbol. Permanent Press fabrics have been treated with chemicals to ensure they resist wrinkles and retain their original shape. If a piece of clothing is permanent press, it usually means that you shouldn\u2019t iron it. [PAR] Gentle Cycle: The Gentle Cycle symbol has two lines beneath the standard wash symbol. The gentle cycle is for delicate fibres like wool or silk, or for items of clothing that could be damaged by a vigorous washing (like sequined tops, tights, or lycra). [PAR] Hand Wash: The Hand Wash symbol is the standard wash symbol with a hand at the top. For \u2018Hand Wash\u2019 clothing, do not use a washing machine. Instead wash garments in a sink or small tub, using your hands to ensure that the cleaning liquid is thoroughly rubbed into the material and subsequently rinsed out. Check your cleaning liquid to make sure it is suitable for hand washing \u2013 milder detergents have been specifically designed for hand wash use, and they are safe for your clothes and for your hands! [PAR] Do Not Wash: The Do Not Wash symbol is the standard wash symbol with a cross through it. If the label instructs you not to wash the item, it will have to be dry cleaned after it gets dirty \u2013 see the section on Dry Cleaning Symbols below. [PAR] Bleaching Guidelines on Wash Care Labels [PAR] [PAR] The next symbol on the care label is a triangle that refers to whether specific bleaching conditions can be used on the item. [PAR] Bleach: A triangle without anything in the middle means that any kind of bleach can be used on the clothing when needed. [PAR] Non-chlorine Bleach Only: A triangle filled with diagonal lines means that only non-chlorine bleaches should be used. Check the ingredients on your bleach to see if it contains chlorine. Find out more about the different kinds of bleach here . [PAR] Do Not Bleach: A solid black triangle with crossed lines means \u2018do not bleach\u2019 \u2013 you should not attempt to use any kind of bleach on this garment. [PAR] Drying Guidelines on Care Labels [PAR] Tumble Dry: The basic tumble dryer symbol is a square with a circle in the middle of it. [PAR] [PAR] As with the washing symbols, the number of dots inside the circle will tell you the heat setting you should put your tumble dryer on to, as well as any specific program settings required. Three dots mean Tumble Dry High, where as two dots means Tumble Dry Medium and one dot means Tumble Dry Low. [PAR] [PAR] Do Not Tumble Dry: When an item is marked as \u2018do not tumble dry\u2019 with a cross through the drying symbol, leave this garment to drip-dry on a drying rack, in an airing cupboard, or outside on your washing line rather than putting it in the dryer. [PAR] [PAR] Tumble Dry, Permanent Press: As before, a single line below the dryer symbol means that a Permanent Press setting should be used. [PAR] Tumble Dry, Delicate Setting: Double lines indicate that the Delicate setting must be used. [PAR] Ironing Guidelines on Care Labels [PAR] Iron: To make life easy, the ironing symbol is shaped like an old-fashioned iron. [PAR] Ironing symbols also employ the same dot system for heat levels, which should be adjustable"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mousetrap - Agatha Christie Wiki - Wikia The Mousetrap | Agatha Christie Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] The cover of the original programme. Note that it doesn't actually include the play's title. [PAR] The Mousetrap is a murder mystery play by Agatha Christie . The Mousetrap opened in the West End of London in 1952, and has been running continuously since then. It has the longest initial run of any play in history, with over 24,500 performances so far. It is the longest running show (of any type) of the modern era. The play is also known for its twist ending, which the audience are traditionally asked not to reveal after leaving the theatre. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] History [PAR] The play began life as a short radio play broadcast on 30 May 1947 called Three Blind Mice in honour of Queen Mary, the consort of King George V. The play had its origins in the real-life case of the death of a boy, Dennis O'Neill, who died while in the foster care of a Shropshire farmer and his wife in 1945. [PAR] The play is based on a short story, itself based on the radio play, but Christie asked that the story not be published as long as it ran as a play in the West End of London. The short story has still not been published within the United Kingdom but it has appeared in the United States in the 1950 collection Three Blind Mice and Other Stories . [PAR] When she wrote the play, Christie gave the rights to her grandson Mathew Pritchard as a birthday present. Outside of the West End, only one version of the play can be performed annually and under the contract terms of the play, no film adaptation can be produced until the West End production has been closed for at least six months. [PAR] The play had to be renamed at the insistence of Emile Littler who had produced a play called Three Blind Mice in the West End before the Second World War. The suggestion to call it The Mousetrap came from Christie's son-in-law, Anthony Hicks. In Shakespeare's play Hamlet, \"The Mousetrap\" is Hamlet's answer to Claudius's inquiry about the name of the play whose prologue and first scene the court has just observed (III, ii). The play is actually The Murder of Gonzago, but Hamlet answers metaphorically, since \"the play's the thing\" in which he intends to \"catch the conscience of the king.\" [PAR] The play's longevity has ensured its popularity with tourists from around the world, and in 1997, with producer Stephen Waley-Cohen, it helped spawn a theatrical education charity, Mousetrap Theatre Projects, which helps young people experience London's theatre. [PAR] Tom Stoppard's play The Real Inspector Hound parodies many elements of The Mousetrap, including the surprise ending. [PAR] Theatrical performances [PAR] Richard Attenborough and his wife Sheila Sims starred in the original production [PAR] As a stage play, The Mousetrap had its world premiere at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham on 6 October 1952. It was originally directed by Peter Cotes, elder brother of John and Roy Boulting, the film directors. Its pre-West End tour then took it to the New Theatre Oxford, the Manchester Opera House, the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool, the Theatre Royal, Newcastle, the Grand Theatre Leeds and the Alexandra Theatre in Birmingham before it began its run in London on 25 November 1952 at the New Ambassadors Theatre . It ran at this theatre until Saturday, 23 March 1974 when it immediately transferred to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert furlong-unit to chain unit | furlong to chains Convert furlong-unit to chain unit | furlong to chains [PAR] chain unit [PAR] Converter type: length units [PAR] This online length from furlong-unit into chain unit converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals. [PAR] First unit: furlong (furlong-unit) is used for measuring length. [PAR] Second: chain (chain unit) is unit of length. [PAR] 10.00 chain unit is converted to 1 of what? [PAR] The chains unit number 10.00 chain unit converts to 1 furlong-unit, one furlong. It is the EQUAL length value of 1 furlong but in the chains length unit alternative. [PAR] How to convert 2 furlongs (furlong-unit) into chains (chain unit)? Is there a calculation formula? [PAR] First divide the two units variables. Then multiply the result by 2 - for example: [PAR] 10 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5) [PAR] QUESTION: [PAR] 1 furlong-unit = 10.00 chain unit [PAR] Other applications for this length calculator ... [PAR] With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this length converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool: [PAR] 1. in practicing furlongs and chains ( furlong-unit vs. chain unit ) values exchange. [PAR] 2. for conversion factors training exercises between unit pairs. [PAR] 3. work with length's values and properties. [PAR] International unit symbols for these two length measurements are: [PAR] Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. short brevis ), unit symbol, for furlong is: [PAR] furlong-unit [PAR] Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for chain is: [PAR] chain unit [PAR] One furlong of length converted to chain equals to 10.00 chain unit [PAR] How many chains of length are in 1 furlong? The answer is: The change of 1 furlong-unit ( furlong ) unit of length measure equals = to 10.00 chain unit ( chain ) as the equivalent measure for the same length type. [PAR] In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solution. If there is an exact known measure in furlong-unit - furlongs for length amount, the rule is that the furlong number gets converted into chain unit - chains or any other length unit absolutely exactly. [PAR] Oven info & galleries[DOC] [TLE] Convert chains to furlongs | length or distance conversion Convert chains to furlongs | length or distance conversion [PAR] What is the international acronym for each of these two length or distance units? [PAR] Prefix or symbol for chain is: chain-unit [PAR] Prefix or symbol for furlong is: furlong-unit [PAR] Technical units conversion tool for length or distance measures. Exchange reading in chains unit chain-unit into furlongs unit furlong-unit as in an equivalent measurement result (two different units but the same identical physical total value, which is also equal to their proportional parts when divided or multiplied). [PAR] One chain converted into furlong equals = 0.10 furlong-unit [PAR] 1 chain-unit = 0.10 furlong-unit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Twist Dance | Peppermint Twist | Peppermint Lounge ... The Twist Dance | Peppermint Twist | Peppermint Lounge | Dancing [PAR] BIO \ud83c\udfb6 TWIST DANCE \ud83c\udfb6 PEPPERMINT LOUNGE \ud83c\udfb6 BIO PHOTOS \ud83c\udfb6 BIO VIDEO \ud83c\udfb6 HISTORY \ud83c\udfb6 FLIPBOOK \ud83c\udfb6 PDF BOOK [PAR] \u201cCLICK\u201d PHOTO TO ENLARGE [PAR] The Twist was an incredible phenomena and event for all of us, the biggest dance in the history of popular music. The Twist was the best dance style back in the 60s and was enjoyed enormously by the youth of that decade all over the world. It is a very energetic dance form and the music gets you started immediately in an enthusiastic manner. The infectious dance phenomenon that swept the nation and the world was spirited and frenzied, and it remains so all these decades later. The Twist was the first international rock and roll dance of its kind and was popular in all continents of the world. It had a huge following at home and abroad. [PAR] Ringo Twisting at Peppermint Lounge [PAR] From the Twist until the Beatles, American Bandstand continued to feed the dance craze with one new step after another. The Twist, the Song and Dance That Changed the World. The Twist was a rock and roll dance popular in the 1960s named after the song that originated it, The Twist. It was the first major international rock and roll dance style in which the couples did not have to touch each other while dancing. One of the main factors in the instant popularity of the Twist was that it was so easy to do. It could be performed by anyone, regardless of whether they had a sense of rhythm or not. [PAR] The Twist dance, which was controversial at the time, involves swiveling [PAR] hip and shuffling foot movements. It became a national craze and thus the dawn of a new era! Because the dance was so simple, it became a worldwide craze. The Twist crossed generations as young and old did the dance, and it crossed ethnic and cultural boundaries. [PAR] Many from the baby boomer generation will remember the fanaticism of the Twist when it was first created, and younger generations have undoubtedly witnessed its contagious appeal through old movies and TV shows. It\u2019s true that the Twist reigned in popularity with dancing teens and 20-somethings \u2013 starting out as a song and becoming the biggest dance craze of the 1950s and 1960s. [PAR] [PAR] the height of the dance craze. A few examples such as, Bald Headed Twister, Boogie Twist, Cha Cha Twist, Chicken Twist, Harlem Twist, Mother Goose Twist, White House Twist, etc\u2026 [PAR] [PAR] \u2b05 Joe Pesci Starliter Dancing The Twist . The Twist became the first worldwide dance craze, enjoying immense popularity among all people and drawing fire from critics who felt it was too provocative. It inspired numerous dances. The Twist craze was even referenced by the United States Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) when actions in 1961 were dubbed \u201cOperation Twist\u201d In 2011 the FOMC revived Operation Twist. [PAR] The Twist was a global dance craze that spread to all continents of the world, without MTV, YouTube or the Worldwide Web. Although hundreds of \u2018dance styles\u2019 were invented during the decade \u2013 none were ever more popular or long-lived than \u2018The Twist\u2019. It\u2019s still amazing how the Twist\u2019s popularity traveled like heat lightning in those pre-Internet, pre-cell-phone-camera, pre-flash-mob, covered-wagon days. Even Beatlemania took longer to achieve critical mass. And they had plenty to dance to, as record companies scrambled to capitalize on \u201cTwistmania.\u201d [PAR] The Twist\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Movie ... Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Movie Review (2003) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Peter Weir's \"Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World\" is an exuberant sea adventure told with uncommon intelligence; we're reminded of well-crafted classics before the soulless age of computerized action. Based on the beloved novels of Patrick O'Brian, it re-creates the world of the British navy circa 1805 with such detail and intensity that the sea battles become stages for personality and character. They're not simply swashbuckling -- although they're that, too, with brutal and intimate violence. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The film centers on the spirits of two men, Capt. Jack Aubrey and ship's surgeon Stephen Maturin. Readers of O'Brian's 20 novels know them as friends and opposites -- Aubrey, the realist, the man of action; Maturin, more intellectual and pensive. Each shares some of the other's qualities, and their lifelong debate represents two sides of human nature. There's a moment in \"Master and Commander\" when Maturin's hopes of collecting rare biological specimens are dashed by Aubrey's determination to chase a French warship, and the tension between them at that moment defines their differences. [PAR] Aubrey, captain of HMS Surprise, is played by Russell Crowe as a strong but fair leader of men, a brilliant strategist who is also a student, but not a coddler, of his men. He doesn't go by the books; his ability to think outside the envelope saves the Surprise at one crucial moment and wins a battle at another. Maturin is played by Paul Bettany , who you may recall as Crowe's imaginary roommate in \" A Beautiful Mind .\" He's so cool under pressure that he performs open-skull surgery on the deck of the Surprise (plugging the cranial hole with a coin), and directs the removal of a bullet from his own chest by looking in a mirror. But his passion is biology, and he is onboard primarily because the navy will take him to places where there are beetles and birds unknown to science. [PAR] The story takes place almost entirely onboard the Surprise, a smaller vessel outgunned by its quarry, the French warship Acheron. Using an actual ship at sea and sets in the vast tank in Baja California where scenes from \" Titanic \" were shot, Weir creates a place so palpable we think we could find our own way around. It is a very small ship for such a large ocean, living conditions are grim, some of the men have been shanghaied on board, and one of the junior officers is 13 years old. For risking their lives, the men are rewarded with an extra tot of grog, and feel well-paid. There are scenes at sea, including the rounding of Cape Horn, which are as good or better as any sea journey ever filmed, and the battle scenes are harrowing in their closeness and ferocity; the object is to get close enough in the face of withering cannon fire to board the enemy vessel and hack its crew to death. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] There are only two major battle scenes in the movie (unless you count the storms of the cape as a battle with nature). This is not a movie that depends on body counts for its impact, but on the nature of life on board such a ship. Maturin and Aubrey sometimes relax by playing classical duets, the captain on violin, the doctor on cello, and this is not an affectation but a reflection of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Easter Island (Rapa Nui) - Lonely Planet Easter Island (Rapa Nui) - Lonely Planet [PAR] Easter Island (Rapa Nui) [PAR] Adventures [PAR] Welcome to Easter Island (Rapa Nui) [PAR] Few areas in the world possess a more mystical pull than this tiny speck of land, one of the most isolated places on Earth. It's hard to feel connected to Chile, over 3700km to the east, let alone the wider world. Endowed with the most logic-defying statues in the world \u2013 the strikingly familiar moai \u2013 Easter Island (Rapa Nui to its native Polynesian inhabitants) emanates a magnetic, mysterious vibe... Read More [PAR] Top experiences in Easter Island (Rapa Nui) [PAR] Sights in Easter Island (Rapa Nui)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Brief Overview of the American Civil War A Brief Overview of the American Civil War [PAR] A Brief Overview of the American Civil War [PAR] A Defining Time in Our Nation's History [PAR] By Dr. James McPherson [PAR] Abraham Lincoln (National Archives) [PAR] The Civil War is the central event in America's historical consciousness. While the Revolution of 1776-1783 created the United States, the Civil War of 1861-1865 determined what kind of nation it would be. The war resolved two fundamental questions left unresolved by the revolution: whether the United States was to be a dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or an indivisible nation with a sovereign national government; and whether this nation, born of a declaration that all men were created with an equal right to liberty, would continue to exist as the largest slaveholding country in the world. [PAR] Northern victory in the war preserved the United States as one nation and ended the institution of slavery that had divided the country from its beginning. But these achievements came at the cost of 625,000 lives--nearly as many American soldiers as died in all the other wars in which this country has fought combined. The American Civil War was the largest and most destructive conflict in the Western world between the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the onset of World War I in 1914. [PAR] Videos [PAR] Battles of the Civil War [PAR] The Civil War started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in the territories that had not yet become states. When Abraham Lincoln won election in 1860 as the first Republican president on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories, seven slave states in the deep South seceded and formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America. The incoming Lincoln administration and most of the Northern people refused to recognize the legitimacy of secession. They feared that it would discredit democracy and create a fatal precedent that would eventually fragment the no-longer United States into several small, squabbling countries. [PAR] The event that triggered war came at Fort Sumter in Charleston Bay on April 12, 1861. Claiming this United States fort as their own, the Confederate army on that day opened fire on the federal garrison and forced it to lower the American flag in surrender. Lincoln called out the militia to suppress this \"insurrection.\" Four more slave states seceded and joined the Confederacy. By the end of 1861 nearly a million armed men confronted each other along a line stretching 1200 miles from Virginia to Missouri. Several battles had already taken place--near Manassas Junction in Virginia, in the mountains of western Virginia where Union victories paved the way for creation of the new state of West Virginia, at Wilson's Creek in Missouri, at Cape Hatteras in North Carolina, and at Port Royal in South Carolina where the Union navy established a base for a blockade to shut off the Confederacy's access to the outside world. [PAR] But the real fighting began in 1862. Huge battles like Shiloh in Tennessee, Gaines' Mill , Second Manassas , and Fredericksburg in Virginia, and Antietam in Maryland foreshadowed even bigger campaigns and battles in subsequent years, from Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to Vicksburg on the Mississippi to Chickamauga and Atlanta in Georgia. By 1864 the original Northern goal of a limited war to restore the Union had given way to a new strategy of \"total war\" to destroy the Old South and its basic institution of slavery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sidecar recipe Sidecar recipe [PAR] Sidecar recipe [PAR] Scan me to take me with you [PAR] serve in [PAR] 3/4 oz lemon juice [PAR] Shake ingredients with ice and strain into a chilled cocktail glass. Garnish with a twist of lemon peel. [PAR] More comments [PAR] Triple sec is evil [PAR] posted by Robert @ 09:53PM, 5/11/06 [PAR] A sidecar should be made with a nice, but not over-the-top brandy and cointreau. Triple-sec is for frozen margaritas and drunk college students. [PAR] To each his own [PAR] posted by Rob @ 03:13PM, 6/04/06 [PAR] Triple-sec and cointreau have very different flavors, as do brandy and cognac. I prefer a more traditional tiple-sec, brandy, lemon juice mix. [PAR] Cornils delight [PAR] posted by Hans Eikhof @ 10:11PM, 7/11/06 [PAR] Hennessy and Cointreau, lemon juice must be fresh but chilled for at least ten minutes. Ice made with filtered water and Voila. Alternative for the Sidecar to be served in special occasions; replace Hennessy with Courvoisier VSOP [PAR] Best with sugar rim [PAR] posted by Virginie @ 12:28PM, 10/04/06 [PAR] Fresh lemon juice and a sugar rim is what makes a great sidecar!! [PAR] This is a light mix [PAR] posted by DC @ 03:30PM, 11/18/06 [PAR] Proper proportions are 1 part lemon juice, 1 part cointreau, and 2 parts cognac/brandy. Cointreau and triple sec, in the context of a cocktail, are distinguishable mainly by their alcohol contents (80 vs 30 proof, respectively). Sugared rim if you must... [PAR] Never heard of using Cognac [PAR] posted by Soquel @ 08:42PM, 2/26/07 [PAR] I've never heard of making a sidecar with cognac instead of brandy. And if you make fresh sour mix yourself, it makes for an even better cocktail than using lemon juice. [PAR] Good, but wrong proportion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bio - Jackie Collins Bio - Jackie Collins [PAR] Videos [PAR] Jackie Collins' Bio [PAR] There have been many imitators, but only Jackie Collins can tell you what really goes on in the fastest lane of all. [PAR] From Beverly Hills bedrooms to a raunchy prowl along the streets of Hollywood; from glittering rock parties and concerts to stretch limos and the mansions of the power brokers \u2014 Jackie Collins chronicles the real truth from the inside looking out. [PAR] Jackie Collins has been called a \u201craunchy moralist\u201d by the late director Louis Malle and \u201cHollywood\u2019s own Marcel Proust\u201d by Vanity Fair magazine. With over 500 million copies of her books sold in more than 40 countries, and with some thirty New York Times bestsellers to her credit, Jackie Collins is one of the world\u2019s top-selling novelists. She is known for giving her readers an unrivaled insiders knowledge of Hollywood and the glamorous lives and loves of the rich, famous, and infamous! \u201cI write about real people in disguise,\u201d she says. \u201cIf anything, my characters are toned down \u2014 the truth is much more bizarre.\u201d [PAR] Jackie Collins started writing as a teenager, making up steamy stories her schoolmates paid to devour. Her first book, The World is Full of Married Men, became a sensational bestseller because of its open sexuality and the way it dealt honestly with the double standard. After that came The Stud, Sinners, The Love Killers, The World is Full of Divorced Women, The Bitch, Lovers And Gamblers, Chances, and then the international sensation, Hollywood Wives \u2014 a #1 New York Times bestseller, which was made into one of ABC\u2019s highest-rated miniseries starring Anthony Hopkins and Candice Bergen. [PAR] The Stud, The World is Full of Married Men, and The Bitch were also filmed \u2014 this time for the big screen. And Jackie wrote an original movie, Yesterday\u2019s Hero, starring Ian McShane and Suzanne Somers. [PAR] Readers couldn\u2019t wait to race through Lucky, her next book \u2014 a sequel to Chances \u2014 and the story of an incredibly beautiful, strong woman, another New York Times number one. [PAR] Then came the bad boys of Hollywood in the steamy Hollywood Husbands \u2014 a novel which kept everyone guessing the identities of the true-to-life Hollywood characters. [PAR] Jackie then wrote Rock Star\u2014 the story of three rock superstars and their rise to the top, followed by the long-waited sequel to Chances and Lucky\u2014 Lady Boss\u2014 tracking the further adventures of the wild and powerful Lucky Santangelo as she takes control of a Hollywood studio. [PAR] Both Lucky and Chances were written and adapted for NBC television by Jackie, who also executive produced the highly successful six-hour miniseries Lucky/Chances, starring Nicollete Sheridan and Sandra Bullock. [PAR] In 1992, she produced and wrote the four hour miniseries, Lady Boss, which became another huge ratings success for NBC. Lady Boss starred Kim Delaney. Next came American Star, a love story, which the Los Angeles Times described as \u201cclassic Collins.\u201d [PAR] And then the dangerously close to the truth Hollywood Kids \u2014 a story of power, sex, danger and ambition among the grown offspring of major celebrities. [PAR] In 1996 Vendetta \u2013 Lucky\u2019s Revenge was published \u2014 and became an immediate New York Times bestseller. [PAR] And then in 1998, Jackie hosted her own daily television show, Jackie Collins Hollywood. A combination of fun, style and interviews, Jackie talked to everyone from George Clooney to Jennifer Lopez. [PAR] After that she wrote L.A. Connections\u2014 a four-part serial novel published one per month \u2014 Power, Obsession, Murder and Revenge. [PAR] In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polydipsia - Interactive Biology, with Leslie Samuel Polydipsia - Interactive Biology, with Leslie Samuel [PAR] Polydipsia [PAR] 1. A non-medical symptom in which the patient displays excessive thirst. (wikipedia.org) [PAR] 2. Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease. (wiktionary.org) [PAR] 3. Excessive or abnormal thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction). (merriam-webster.com and wordnetweb.princeton.edu) [PAR] Word origin: From Greek polydipsios \u201cvery thirsty,\u201d from poly- + dipsa \u201cthirst\u201d + -ia \u201ccondition of.\u201d [PAR] Search the Site[DOC] [TLE] What does polydipsia mean? - Definitions.net What does polydipsia mean? [PAR] Definitions for polydipsia\u02ccp\u0252l i\u02c8d\u026ap si \u0259 [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word polydipsia [PAR] Princeton's WordNet(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] polydipsia(noun) [PAR] excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction) [PAR] Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] polydipsia(Noun) [PAR] Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease. [PAR] Origin: New Latin, from Greek much + thirst. [PAR] Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Polydipsia(noun) [PAR] excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease [PAR] Origin: [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s much + thirst.] [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Polydipsia [PAR] Polydipsia is a non-medical symptom in which the patient displays excessive thirst. The word derives from the Greek \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, which is derived from \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2 + \u03b4\u03af\u03c8\u03b1. An etymologically related term is dipsomaniac, meaning an alcoholic. [PAR] Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Polydipsia [PAR] pol-i-dip\u2032si-a, n. excessive thirst. [Gr. polys, much, dipsa, thirst.] [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of polydipsia in Chaldean Numerology is: 1 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street Trailer (2007) Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street Trailer (2007) [PAR] Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street Trailer (2007) [PAR] This is the tale of an ordinary man (Depp) who had everything. Until a man of power stole his freedom, destroyed his family, and banished him for life. In his sorrow, a new man was born. [PAR] Sweeney Todd marks the first time Johnny Depp has sung publicly. Sweeney Todd composer, Stephen Sondheim was reluctant to hand over the rights to this dark musical, but allowed director Tim Burton to make it into a movie on the condition that he retained casting approval. However, Burton refused to direct unless Depp played the lead. Sondheim was concerned his voice was too rock orientated but he approved after Depp performed a vocal audition for the composer. [PAR] Sacha Baron Cohen prepared for his role by undertaking 16 hours of barber shop shaving training to perfect his razor technique. [PAR] Sweeney Todd is the sixth Burton/Depp collaboration. Others have included The Corpse Bride , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , and Edward Scissorhands . [PAR] Musical fans will know that Sondheim's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a challenging musical, both for the actors involved and the audience watching. Who better to tackle the dark, macabre horror than Tim Burton, whose interpretation of pretty much everything transcends standard film making and takes us firmly into the territory of the surreal. [PAR] Johnny Depp takes the lead role of the wronged Benjamin Barker, who has been left determined to seek revenge on Judge Turpin after he stole his family away. Depp's vocals aren't really showcased much in the above trailer, but what little we do hear gives the impression of him sounding very Bowie-esque, which while unusual for the actor playing Barker/ Sweeney Todd, is certainly not unwelcome. [PAR] Helena Bonham Carter always embraces her dark side, and plays that borderline psychotic character very well indeed. Truly, she's a joy on screen and though we don't hear her sing in the trailer, she really is good at it. [PAR] As for Alan Rickman well, he is, as always, fantastic at portraying the cold, heartless, icy villain. Sacha Baron Cohen brings a great vibrancy to the screen in a otherwise incredibly dark (visually) movie. [PAR] The music is, of course, stunning. The plot is repulsive and, if you have a weak stomach, be warned that this movie is very bloody and very sickening indeed. All that said, Sondheim's work is that of pure brilliance, and the chance to see such an all-star cast tackle it, is a dream come true. [PAR] Duration[DOC] [TLE] Sweeney Todd (2007 Film Soundtrack) (Deluxe Edition ... Sweeney Todd (2007 Film Soundtrack) (Deluxe Edition) | Nonesuch Records - MP3 Downloads, Free Streaming Music, Lyrics [PAR] Sweeney Todd (2007 Film Soundtrack) (Deluxe Edition) [PAR] Sweeney Todd (2007 Film Soundtrack) (Deluxe Edition) [PAR] by [PAR] Stephen Sondheim's \"Road Show\" Opens in DC Area at Signature Theatre [PAR] Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman's latest musical, Road Show, begins a month-long DC-area run at the Signature Theatre in Arlington, VA, tonight. Director Gary Griffin brings his Chicago Shakespeare Theater staging of the musical, which the Chicago Sun-Times called \"funny, fierce, lean, and heartbreaking,\" to the Signature. Performances continue through March 13. Nonesuch Records and PS Classics released the original cast recording of Road Show in 2009. [PAR] Watch: Steve Reich and Stephen Sondheim in Conversation and Performance at Lincoln Center [PAR] Steve Reich and Stephen Sondheim, as part"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rugby Positions | LineoutCoach.com Rugby Positions | LineoutCoach.com [PAR] Key Partners [PAR] Rugby Positions [PAR] Rugby positions each have a specific role to play. Different physical attributes are required, although strength and speed are key across the team. Most players will specialise in one or two positions which uses their skills and size to best advantage. [PAR] The 15 players for each team are on the pitch at all times and play both attacking and defending roles unlike American Football which has offence, defence and special teams that alternate depending on possession. [PAR] The team is divided into two packs, the Forwards (8 players) and Backs (7 players) and they can stand in any position on the field of play as long as they remain onside. The exception is set piece plays when rugby rules stipulate where each player should be in relation to the ball and opposition. [PAR] The players wear rugby jerseys with the numbers 1-15 on the back. The number stays with the rugby positions and not the player as it can do in other sports so the hooker is always number 2 for example. The numbers were introduced in 1920s as a way for coaches to rate the players. [PAR] Teams can call on substitute players with team numbers (16-23) to cover rugby positions where players are injured, tired or as impact players to turn a match around or close down an opposing team in a close game. [PAR] Rugby Positions Explained [PAR] A basic understanding of the rugby positions and the skills of each player will help you enjoy the sport more and appreciate the tactics of the game. [PAR] Rugby positions names [PAR] Some of the names for the 15 rugby positions have changed over the years and some have different names in other countries. The IRB use terms favoured by northern hemisphere countries. Variations to these include: [PAR] Flanker \u2013 wing forwards [PAR] Outside centre \u2013 centre three-quarter, centre [PAR] Wing \u2013 wing three-quarter [PAR] Fly-half \u2013 outside half, stand-off half, out half, first five-eighth [PAR] Scrum-half \u2013 half-back [PAR] Number 8 \u2013 8 man [PAR] Rugby Positions: Forwards [PAR] Rugby positions numbers 1-8 on the field are called the Forward pack. They are involved in all the set piece plays and contest the lineouts and scrums. Larger and more powerful than the Backs, they aim to win or retain the ball and drive the team up the field and in that respect are similar to linebackers or linesman in American Football. [PAR] Rugby Positions: Front Row [PAR] Supports hooker in the scrum [PAR] Lifts jumpers in the lineout [PAR] Key power at rucks and mauls for retaining ball [PAR] 2 Hooker [PAR] Middle of the front row of the scrum [PAR] Responsible for winning the ball [PAR] Throws ball at lineouts [PAR] Rugby positions: Second row (loose forwards/loosies) [PAR] 4 Lock or lock forward [PAR] 5 Lock or lock forward [PAR] Tallest on the field [PAR] Bind in the scrum and drive forward [PAR] Rugby positions: Back Row [PAR] At the back of the scrum [PAR] Aim to win ball through turnovers [PAR] 8 Number Eight [PAR] Link between the forward pack and backs [PAR] Controls ball at back of scrum before attack begins [PAR] Rugby Positions: Backs [PAR] Rugby positions numbers 9-15 are called the Backs. They tend to be smaller than their Foward brothers as they need speed and agility to run the ball into space or kick for goal. They have to maximise the possession and get points on the board so would be similar to running"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidents of the Philippines - Charles E-Page Presidents of the Philippines [PAR] Presidents of the Philippines [PAR] (Born- March 22, 1869, died- February 6, 1964) [PAR] President of the First Philippine Republic [PAR] (Term: 1898- 1901) [PAR] Filipino leader who fought first against Spain and later against the United States for the Independence of the Philippines. [PAR] Born of Chinese and Filipino parentage, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, whom providence had placed as the supreme leader of his people at the critical period in their history. He was born in Kawit, Cavite, on March 22, 1869. He was the seventh among eight children of the spouses Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy. [PAR] He took up his secondary course at the Letran de Manila where he finished only three years of high school. His favorite subject was geography. He did not finish the secondary course education. [PAR] At the age of 17, Emilio was elected as cabeza de barangay of Binakayan, the most progressive barrio of Kawit, Cavite. He served for his town-mates for eight years. He also engaged in inter-island shipping, travelling as far as Visayas and even Jolo, Philippines. On January 1, 1895, he was elected capitan municipal of Kawit the first to bear that title in accordance with the Mauro Law. At that time a capitan municipal received no salary except 3% of taxes he could collect. In August 1896 he was the local leader of the Katipunan, a revolutionary society that fought bitterly and successfully against Spanish. In December 1897 he signed an agreement called the Pact of Biac-na-Bato with the Spanish governor-general. He agreed to leave the Philippines and to remain permanently in exile on condition of a substantial financial award from Spain coupled with the promise of liberal reforms. While in Hong Kong and Singapore he made arrangement with representative of the American consulates and of Commodore George Dewey to return to the Philippines to assist the United States in the war against Spain. [PAR] Aguinaldo return to the Philippines on May 19, 1898 and announced renewal of the struggle with Spain. Upon the advice of Apolinario Mabini to Aguinaldo he should change the form of dictatorship to president of revolutionary government. The Filipinos, who declared their independence of Spain on June 12, 1898, proclaimed a provisional republic, of which Aguinaldo was to became president, and in September a revolutionary assembly met and ratified Filipino independence. However, the Philippines along with Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded by Spain to the United States by the Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898. [PAR] Relation between the Americans and the Filipinos were unfriendly and grew steadily worse. On January 23, 1899, the Malolos constitution by virtue of which the Philippines was a republic and which he had been approved by the assembly and by Aguinaldo was proclaimed. Aguinaldo, who had been president of the provisional government, was elected president. [PAR] Aguinaldo formally established the first Philippine republic. He also designated diplomats who were assigned in the major world capitals to seek recognition of Philippine independence. [PAR] In 1935 when the commonwealth government of the Philippines was established in preparation for independence, Aguinaldo ran for president but was decisively beaten. He returned to private life until the Japanese invaded the Philippines in 1941. The Japanese used Aguinaldo as an anti-American tool. They caused him to make speeches, to sign articles, and to address a radio appeal to General Douglas McArthur on Corregidor to surrender in order to spare the flower of Filipino youth. [PAR] When the Americans returned, Aguinaldo was arrested and together with the others accused of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hades (god) | Article about Hades (god) by The Free Dictionary Hades (god) | Article about Hades (god) by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Hades (god) | Article about Hades (god) by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hades+(god) [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Hades [PAR] (h\u0101`d\u0113z), in Greek and Roman religion and mythology. 1 The ruler of the underworld: see Pluto Pluto, [PAR] in Greek religion and mythology, god of the underworld, son of Kronos and Rhea; also called Hades. After the fall of the Titans, Pluto and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon divided the universe, and Pluto was awarded everything underground. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . 2 The world of the dead, ruled by Pluto and Persephone, located either underground or in the far west beyond the inhabited regions. It was separated from the land of the living by the rivers Styx [hateful], Lethe [forgetfulness], Acheron [woeful], Phlegethon [fiery], and Cocytus [wailing]. The newly arrived dead were ferried across the Styx by the avaricious old ferryman Charon, whom they paid with the coin that was placed in their mouths when they were buried. Unauthorized spirits who tried to enter or leave Hades were challenged by the fearful dog Cerberus. The honey cake that the Greeks buried with the dead was intended to quiet him. All the dead drank of the river of forgetfulness. The judges of the dead\u2014Minos, Aeacus, and Rhadamanthus\u2014assigned to each soul its appropriate abode. The virtuous and the heroic were rewarded in the Elysian fields Elysian fields [PAR] or Elysium [PAR] , in Greek religion and mythology, happy otherworld for heroes favored by the gods. Identified with the Fortunate Isles or Isles of the Blest, Elysium was situated in the distant west, at the edge of the world. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ; wrongdoers were sent to Tartarus Tartarus, [PAR] in Greek mythology, lowest region of the underworld. The wicked (e.g., Sisyphus, Tantalus, and Ixion) were sent to Tartarus as punishment for their sins. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ; and most wandered as dull shadows among fields of asphodel. [PAR] A woodcut of an Assyrian seal depicting the descent of Ishtar into Hades. Reproduced by permission of Fortean Picture Library. [PAR] Hades [PAR] (religion, spiritualism, and occult) [PAR] Hades is one of the eight hypothetical planets (sometimes referred to as the trans-Neptunian points or planets, or TNPs for short) utilized in Uranian astrology. The Uranian system, sometimes referred to as the Hamburg School of Astrology, was established by Friedrich Sieggr\u00fcn (1877\u20131951) and Alfred Witte (1878\u20131943). It relies heavily on hard aspects and midpoints. In decline for many decades, it has experienced a revival in recent years. [PAR] Hades is associated with such negative conditions and substances as poverty, ugliness, garbage, dirt, sickness, bacteria, loneliness, debasement, vulgarity, and crime. It is also connected with \u201cpast lifetimes,\u201d the ancient past, and secrets, and in certain combinations can even represent ancient wisdom and the older sciences. This hypothetical planet can have positive meanings, particularly when found in the horoscopes of individuals who deal with such Hades matters as the healing of disease. [PAR] Based on the speculative orbits of the Uranian planets, the Kepler, Solar Fire and Win*Star software program will all locate this hypothetical planet in an astrological chart. [PAR] Sources: [PAR] Lang-Wescott, Martha. Mechanics of the Future: Asteroids. Rev. ed. Conway, MA: Treehouse Mountain, 1991. [PAR] Simms, Maria Kay. Dial Detective: Investigation with the 90 Degree Dial. San Diego: Astro Computing Services, 1989. [PAR] Hades"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Car rental Sion Airport Sir | Europcar Car rental Sion Airport Sir | Europcar [PAR] Sion [PAR] Car rental in Sion Airport Sir [PAR] Navigating a whole new area on your own schedule was never easier than with a cheap car rental from Sion Airport Sir. As soon as you arrive at Sion Airport Sir, Switzerland, you can look forward to exploring straight away. As well as having the freedom to drive to exciting new locations on a whim, you can plan day trips and excursions to nearby attractions that capture your interest. [PAR] With a simple booking system and a great selection of vehicles, Europcar is the perfect choice for your Sion Airport Sir car rental. Book online before you go and discover a range of options; we have hourly, daily, short term, weekly, monthly and long term deals available in this location, and you can talk to us to find out which one will be best suited to your trip. [PAR] Rent a car in Sion Airport Sir and prepare to hit the road for a whole new heap of memories [PAR] Remember to always bring your driver\u2019s license, valid credit card and additional proof of identity (such as a passport if you are renting abroad). [PAR] Why choose Europcar in Sion Airport Sir [PAR] Express pick-up service available [PAR] Easy 3-step online booking: search, select, book [PAR] New, comfortable rental car fleet [PAR] Award-winning car rental company"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alice Temperley Biography. Read a bio on Fashion Designer ... Alice Temperley Biography. Read a bio on Fashion Designer Alice Temperley. View the Spring 2011 Alice Temperley Collection and Company history. [PAR] Alice Temperley [PAR] Alice Temperley Biography [PAR] Alice Temperley (born July 22, 1975) is a British fashion designer based in London. Her fashion label, Temperley London was launched in 2000. [PAR] Career [PAR] Alice Temperley grew up in Somerset, on her parent's ciderfarm before moving to London to attend university. Temperley graduated from the Royal College of Art and Central Saint Martins before setting up her company, Temperley London, together with her then boyfriend (now husband) Lars von Bennigsen in 2000. She is well known for her focus on beautiful fabrics and hand finishes and has been hailed as the designer making the biggest waves in British fashion by American Vogue. [PAR] Temperley London produces four collections per year: Autumn/Winter, Cruise, Spring/Summer and Pre Fall. These include Ready To Wear, Black Label (exclusive evening gowns and cocktail dresses), Beach, Accessories, Bridal. The designer has 4 stand alone boutiques in London, New York, Los Angeles and Dubai. Additionally, Temperley London is sold in 300 stores in 37 different countries. In 2007, Temperley London launched a Bridal department with a boutique next door to its London flagship store. The headquarters are based in Notting Hill, London adjacent to the designer's home. [PAR] Temperley hosted her first fashion show in Notting Hill, London in 2003. In 2005 she moved her fashion shows to New York where she has showed since, with the exception of the Spring Summer 2009 show in 2008 in London. For the Autumn/Winter 2009/10 show Temperley hosted a two day presentation simultaneous with an online multimedia video launch rather than a traditional catwalk show. [PAR] Recognition [PAR] Temperley has been awarded several times including English Print Designer of the Year in 1999 at Indigo, Paris as well as Elle Magazine Best Young Designer of the Year Award in 2004. She was also named one of Britain's top 35 female business leaders in 2006 [PAR] Wearers of her designs have included Halle Berry, Kate Hudson, Sarah Jessica Parker, Eva Mendez, Clare Danes, Sienna Miller, Lindsey Lohan, Demi Moore, Heidi Klum, Jennifer Lopez, Jessica Alba, Kate Bosworth, Keira Knightley, Leighton Meester, Naomi Campbell, Nicole Richie, Reese Witherspoon, Rosario Dawson and Scarlett Johansson. [PAR] Company [PAR] The company is privately owned and run by Alice Temperley and her husband and CEO Lars von Bennigsen. In 2006 it was widely rumored that Gucci Group were interested in buying a stake in the company. This was never confirmed nor declined by Temperley London. [PAR] In spring of 2010 Temperley London launched a sister brand 'Alice by Temperley' targeted at a younger demographic and containing more affordable pieces. The new brand tries to embody the rock and roll atmosphere that is London. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] Temperley met her husband Lars von Bennigsen in 1998, whilst working as a cocktail waitress at The Met Bar to help pay for her studies at Central Saint Martins. They married in 2002 in a 20's style wedding covered by British Vogue. [PAR] In September 2008, 5 days after the Temperley London SS09 fashion show, Temperley and her husband welcomed their first child, a son named Fox London Temperley von Bennigsen Mackiewicz. [PAR] Looking for additional Fashion Designer biographies?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lesser Scaup | Audubon Field Guide Lesser Scaup | Audubon Field Guide [PAR] Ducks and Geese [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Marsh ponds (summer), lakes, bays, estuaries. Summers around large marshes in prairie or forested regions. Winters on lakes, reservoirs, rivers, sheltered areas of coastal bays. Overlaps extensively with Greater Scaup, especially in winter, but at that season the Lesser is far more likely to be found on freshwater lakes and ponds well inland. [PAR] One of the most numerous and widespread diving ducks in North America, especially on inland waters. Can be very active when feeding, diving and surfacing repeatedly. In winter often seen on lakes and bays in dense flocks, numbering hundreds or even thousands, and often with no other species of ducks associated with them. The two species of scaup sometimes occur in the same places, but they tend to keep to themselves rather than mixing freely. [PAR] Photo Gallery [PAR] Feeding Behavior [PAR] forages by diving and swimming underwater; sometimes by dabbling or up-ending in shallow water. Sometimes feeds at night. [PAR] Eggs [PAR] 9-11, sometimes 8-14. Olive-buff. Incubation is by female only, 21-27 days. Young: Leave nest shortly after hatching, go to water. Young are tended by female but feed themselves. 2 or more broods of young may join under care of several adult females. Age at first flight 47-54 days after hatching. [PAR] Young [PAR] Leave nest shortly after hatching, go to water. Young are tended by female but feed themselves. 2 or more broods of young may join under care of several adult females. Age at first flight 47-54 days after hatching. [PAR] Diet [PAR] includes mollusks, plant material. Diet varies with season and habitat, but animal matter may predominate, especially mollusks such as clams and snails, also aquatic insects, crustaceans. Also eats plant material such as stems and leaves of sea lettuce, pondweeds, wild celery, plus seeds of pondweeds, sedges, grasses, and others. Birds on the Great Lakes may feed heavily on the introduced zebra mussel. [PAR] Nesting [PAR] Probably first breeds at age of 2 years in most cases. Elements of courtship display by male include a shake of the head, followed by throwing the head far back and bringing it forward very quickly; exaggerated bowing movements; ritualized preening. Some displays may be performed underwater. Nest site is usually on dry land close to water, often on islands in lakes, surrounded by good cover of vegetation. Stands of bulrush in marshes especially favored. Nest is a slight depression with addition of some dry grass, lined with down."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Racehorses - Desert Orchid 'Dessie' - Celtic Jewellery Famous Racehorses - Desert Orchid 'Dessie' [PAR] Desert Orchid 'Dessie' [PAR] Horseracing's favourite son ! [PAR] Desert Orchid, 'Dessie' or 'The Grey Horse' is arguably the horse most loved by the general public in racing history, eclipsing even the great Arkle and Red Rum in the public's affections. [PAR] OPTION AVAILABLE FOR THIS ARTICLE [PAR] Format: [PAR] * Options may affect the price/weight of an article [PAR] Choose Quantity: [PAR] click here to send us FEEDBACK on this item (opinions, experiences, doubts...) [PAR] Desert Orchid & Richard Dunwoody [PAR] 'Dessie', the most famous grey in racing history, pictured after winning the Irish Grand National at Fairyhouse in 1990 which was his last major win. [PAR] See biography of Desert Orchid below. [PAR] ** Copyright on all our horse racing pictures belongs to Healy Racing & Irish Collectables** [PAR] Mounted picture. [PAR] 12 inches x 10 inches [PAR] Mounting [PAR] Framing on request, attractive mahogany style frame [PAR] Desert Orchid [PAR] Desert Orchid (April 11, 1979 - November 13, 2006), affectionately known as Dessie, was an English racehorse. The gallant grey achieved iconic status within National Hunt racing, where he was much loved by supporters for his front-running attacking style, iron will and extreme versatility. He was rated the fourth best National Hunt horse of all time by Timeform. [PAR] Early career [PAR] Desert Orchid's first season started in an unspectacular fashion. Few who saw him on his debut thought they were watching one of racing's superstars. When he fell heavily in a Kempton in 1983, he took such a long time to get to his feet that it seemed his first race might be his last. David Elsworth's grey was no longer eligible for novice hurdles in 1984/5 and struggled to recapture his early form. He won one of his eight starts this season, in February at Sandown Park. He was pulled up in the Champion Hurdle at Cheltenham Racecourse,the Welsh Champion Hurdle, and on his final outing of the season fell at Ascot. [PAR] Steeplechase career [PAR] Desert Orchid was then switched to steeplechasing, and ran up a sequence of four wins in at Sandown and Ascot (twice) before unseating at Ascot. He did not win again that season despite three further placed efforts. He was well clear in his final race of the season at Ascot only to make a very serious mistake which totally stopped his momentum. He eventually only finished fifth. [PAR] Back at Ascot he won over 2 miles before returning to Kempton Park for the King George VI Chase where he ran out a 15 length winner over Door Latch, easily defeating stars such as Wayward Lad, Forgive n'Forget, Combs Ditch and Bolands Cross. The quality of the field can be indicated by Desert Orchid's starting price of 16/1 -- though the price was also influenced by fears that this speedy front runner would not stay the 3 mile trip. Not only did he stay it but he put in some of the most spectacular leaps ever witnessed from a steeplechaser as he jumped his rivals into the ground. This was Desert Orchid's first win under jockey Simon Sherwood. [PAR] He followed up with wins at Sandown and Wincanton, before finishing third in the Queen Mother Champion Chase at Cheltenham, three lengths behind the great Pearlyman. He returned to win over 2?miles at Ascot before being pulled up in the Whitbread Gold Cup on his final outing of the 1986/7 season. [PAR] A string of places followed in 1987, second at Sandown (2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Lover's Concerto-Minuet in G major - YouTube A Lover's Concerto-Minuet in G major - YouTube [PAR] A Lover's Concerto-Minuet in G major [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 12, 2012 [PAR] \"A Lover's Concerto\" is a pop song written by American songwriters Sandy Linzer and Denny Randell and recorded in 1965 by The Toys. Their version of the song was a major hit in both the United States and the UK during 1965. It peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at #2. [PAR] Linzer and Randell based the melody on the familiar \"Minuet in G major\" (BWV Anh. 114) from J.S. Bach's Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach. One key difference is that the \"Minuet in G major\" is written in 3/4 time, whereas \"A Lover's Concerto\" is arranged in 4/4 time. (Although often attributed to Bach himself, the \"Minuet in G major\" is now believed to have been written by Christian Petzold.) [PAR] The \"A Lover's Concerto\" clip originated here: [PAR] Lyrics of \"A Lover's Concerto\": [PAR] How gentle is the rain [PAR] That falls softly on the meadow [PAR] Birds high up in the trees [PAR] Serenade the clouds with their melody [PAR] Oh! See there beyond the hills [PAR] The bright colors of the rainbow [PAR] Some magic from above [PAR] Made this day for us [PAR] Just to fall in love [PAR] You hold me in your arms [PAR] And say once again you love me [PAR] And if your love is true [PAR] Everything will be just as wonderful [PAR] Now, I belong to you [PAR] From this day until forever [PAR] Just love me tenderly [PAR] And I'll give to you [PAR] Every part of me [PAR] Oh! Don't ever make me cry [PAR] Through long lonely nights without love [PAR] Be always true to me [PAR] Keep this day in your heart eternally [PAR] You hold me in your arms [PAR] And say once again you love me [PAR] And if your love is true [PAR] Everything will be just as wonderful [PAR] Category [PAR] Standard YouTube License [PAR] Music"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC 2 Aborted Launch Night - Hywel's Home Page BBC 2 Aborted Launch Night [PAR] BBC 2 Aborted Launch Night [PAR] A special welcome if you've found yourself here after doing some Googling as a result of tonight's (17th April) The One Show piece about the disasterous BBC TWO launch night. Yes, that was me showing Giles Brenreth the original tape! We filmed that segment of the piece at the BBC's new archive centre in West London. [PAR] When BBC2 launched on April 20th 1964, widespread power failure in Central London prevented the channel from broadcasting its intended schedule from BBC Television Centre, which was affected by the power cut. [PAR] Instead, the channel launched with a short news bulletin, read by reporter Gerald Priestland, from the BBC's news studios in Alexandra Palace, followed by an evening of instrumental music from contemporary west end musicals and \"BBC 2 WILL START SHORTLY\" captions occasionally interrupted by \"MAJOR POWER FALIURE\" captions accompanied by apologetic announcements explaining why people weren't able to watch Cole Porter's Kiss Me Kate or fireworks from Southend Pier. [PAR] Even this short broadcast was dogged with technical difficulties - the first two and a half minutes were broadcast in complete silence, with Priestland completely unaware we couldn't hear him. [PAR] BBC 2's first scheduled programme was in fact Playschool, broadcasting the following morning. A second \"launch\" programme, which featured the now famous scene of presenter Denis Tuohy blowing out a candle in the darkened studio was shown as part of the news bulletin later in the evening, which is just as well as it's now folklore that someone had forgotten to put hands on the studio clock for the intended first night! [PAR] Since all the recording equipment at BBC Television Centre were out of action, the only recordings of the aborted launch programme were believed to be amateur audio recordings made by enthusiasts in their homes. No video was believed to exist since video recorders were very rare in 1964, well out of the price range of a household (then, about \ufffd100,000). [PAR] Until now. Early in February 2003, an engineer was sorting out tapes in BBC Research & Development's modest tape archive at Kingswood Warren in Surrey when he came across a 2 inch Quad spool tape with associated paperwork reading \"Opening of BBC 2\" dated 20th April 1964. The archive itself comprises mainly of experimental HDTV recordings but it seems the 2 inch spool had been kept as an example of obsolete technology after an extensive clear out in the mid '90s. [PAR] Since the only Quad tape machines that now exist in the BBC in London are based in the main archive at Windmill Road, it was several days before it was indeed confirmed that the tapes did contain the original news bulletin in its entirety. [PAR] The tape was made on Kingswood Warren's own Quad recorder on the evening of launch, off-air from Crystal Palace, and the recording was in very good condition - almost as good as the day it was recorded! [PAR] What's most remarkable about the tape is that back in 1964 (only 7 years after the first high-band video recorder had been invented), tapes were very expensive and were routinely bulk erased and re-used (I'm told that this spool would have costed around \ufffd100 in 1964!). The fact that this tape survived provides what's believed to be the earliest surviving recording off-air of a 625 line broadcast in the UK and probably the world. [PAR] The original spool alongside a conventional VHS tape for scale comparison [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] letter to phone key pads - DialABC Phone Key Pads [PAR] Phone Key Pads [PAR] Help bring back science education to the Center of the Universe [PAR] Common Keypads [PAR] There are several different key pads in use today. Essentially, there is the american (Ma Bell) classic, the new ITU/ANSI/ISO/IEC standard, and one former standard each for the UK and Australia. Then, (it probably seemed like a good idea at the time) mobile phone manufacturers invented a whole bunch of new ones. [PAR] Fortunately, there is a standard ( ITU E.161 , also known as ANSI T1.703-1995/1999, and ISO/IEC 9995-8:1994), and most phones built today place letters on the phone key pad according to that standard. [PAR] The following table shows how the most common touch tone key pads map letters to numbers. [PAR] 1 [PAR] OQZ [PAR] Common Phone Keypads [PAR] There exist a number of variations on these key pads, mostly involving the use of the letters I, O, Q, and Z and the numbers 1 and 0. There are also a number of local variations involing characters found in the scripts of local languages (umlaut's etc). [PAR] We are working on a historical database of telephones. Please send us the manufacturers name, year and model number of your phone and tell us what kind of key pad your phone has. If you like, include a picture of your phone. We will incorporate the data in future revisions of our site. [PAR] Problems Arising From Assumptions about Key Pads [PAR] Many IVR (interactive voice response) systems, also known as phone bots, let you enter names using your telephone key pad. This is done, for instance, when looking up a particular extension by name. These systems sometimes overlook the fact that not everybody has the same kind of keypad. So, if you are looking up \"Steve Wozniak\" in a company directory and are asked to enter the digits corresponding to the first three letters of his last name, you might type 969, 961, or 900, depending on the kind of phone you are using. [PAR] North American Classic Key Pad [PAR] This is the standard north american letter/number assignment found on Telephones in Canada and the US since beginning of the 20th century. The assignment of numbers to letters predates DTMF and touch dialing and is the same as found on many old rotary dial phones. [PAR] 1[DOC] [TLE] The Alphabet Mode was entered - Phone Keyboard Phone Keyboard Alphabet Mode uses 12 Keys to Text Message [PAR] Internet Access, Text Messaging and Alphanumeric Paging from any Phone in the World [PAR] Press [*] key to enter Upper-Case Alphabet Mode: [PAR] 1) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] 2) Sequential Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 3) Sequential Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 4) Simultaneous Key Presses [PAR] 5) Simultaneous Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 6) Simultaneous Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] Press [*] key 2 times to enter Shiftable Alphabet Mode: [PAR] 7) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] 8) Sequential Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 9) Sequential Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 10) Simultaneous Key Presses [PAR] 11) Simultaneous Middle-Mode Key Presses [PAR] 12) Simultaneous Most-Use-Mode Key Presses [PAR] Press [*] key 3 times to enter Multi-Tap Mode: [PAR] 13) Sequential Key Presses [PAR] Any 12 key telephone keypad ca be used as a computer terminal keyboard. The speed and efficiency of the Phone Keyboard is faster and easier than all previous data entry methods using any phone or any twelve sensor keypad. All data entered on any standard computer keyboard can be entered using any 12 key phone keypad. A demonstration of the working invention"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier 1: Fight of the Century on ... Fight of the Century: Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier 1 | Newsday [PAR] Click here to read or post comments [PAR] (Credit: AP) [PAR] Heavyweight champion Joe Frazier, left, has challenged Muhammad Ali, right, on the ropes during the fourth round of their heavyweight title bout, Monday, March 8, 1971, New York. [PAR] Fight of the Century: Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier 1 [PAR] Updated [PAR] June 3, 2016 1:38 PM [PAR] Newsday.com [PAR] Advertise here [PAR] When Joe Frazier met Muhammad Ali at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971, the storyline went much deeper than two undefeated heavyweights clashing for the belt. Ali had refused induction in the U.S. Army, was considered radical chic and seemed to embody the culture of the 1960s. Frazier was cast as a champion fighting for the establishment. Frank Sinatra was a ring-side photographer for Life magazine. Barbra Streisand, Sammy Davis Jr., Hugh Hefner, Dustin Hoffman and Diana Ross were ringside. Burt Lancaster was part of the closed circuit broadcast team. All that, and the fight actually lived up to its billing as the \"Fight of the Century.\" After 15 rounds of thrilling toe-to-toe action, Frazier won a unanimous decision. [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Anonymous) [PAR] Muhammad Ali and his assistant trainer and friend Bundini Brown sing a song in the ring after Ali weighed in at 215 pounds for his bout at Madison Square Garden in New York with heavyweight champion Joe Frazier, March 8, 1971. [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS) [PAR] Title holder Joe Frazier extends his right army during physical examination in New York on March 8, 1971 before the \"Fight of the Century\" against Muhammad Ali. [PAR] (Credit: AP) [PAR] Heavyweight champion Joe Frazier, left, has challenged Muhammad Ali, right, on the ropes during the fourth round of their heavyweight title bout, Monday, March 8, 1971, New York. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] ADVERTISE HERE [PAR] (Credit: AP/ John Lindsay) [PAR] Muhammad Ali, red trunks, and Joe Frazier, green trunks, are shown during of their bout in New York's Madison Square Garden, March 8, 1971. [PAR] (Credit: AP/ John Lindsay) [PAR] Muhammad Ali, red trunks, and Joe Frazier, green trunks, are shown during of their bout in New York's Madison Square Garden, March 8, 1971. [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS) [PAR] How big was Ali vs. Frazier 1 at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971? Frank Sinatra was a ringside photographer for Life Magazine at the \"Fight of the Century.\" [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Anonymous) [PAR] Boxer Muhammad Ali crouches on the canvas after Ali slipped during the 11th round of the \"Fight of the Century\" against Joe Frazier on March 8, 1971, at Madison Square Garden. [PAR] (Credit: Getty Images/ AFP) [PAR] Muhammad Ali gets knocked down by Joe Frazier in the \"Fight of the Century\" at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] ADVERTISE HERE [PAR] (Credit: AP/ Anonymous) [PAR] Muhammad Ali takes a left from Joe Frazier during the 15th round of their heavyweight title boxing bout in New York on March 8, 1971. Frazier won a unanimous decision. [PAR] (Credit: AP) [PAR] Joe Frazier, left, hits Muhammad Ali during the 15th round of their heavyweight title fight at New York's Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. [PAR] (Credit: Getty Images/ AFP) [PAR] American heavyweight boxing champion Joe Frazier, left, against Muhammad Ali in the \"Fight of the Century\" at the Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1971. [PAR] (Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS/ Anonymous) [PAR] Joe Frazier lands a left to the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planet With Supersized Rings - TIME Planet With Supersized Rings [PAR] MORE These \u2018Vintage\u2019 NASA Posters Imagine Travel Beyond the Stars [PAR] \u201cIt took us a year even to convince ourselves of what we were seeing,\u201d says Mamajek, whose paper is based on a new analysis of observations taken back in 2007 by the SuperWASP planet search project. At the time, the observations seemed to make no sense: when a planet passes in front of a star, you usually see a dip in starlight that lasts for up to a few hours. In this case, the starlight dimmed for two months. [PAR] It wasn\u2019t a steady dip, either. The star would fade, then brighten, then fade again, in a way that made no sense at all. When Mamajek and his group stumbled on the data in 2010, he says, \u201cI took a printout of the light curve, put it on the wall, and stared at it for a week.\u201d Crazy as it seemed, the most plausible explanation was a giant ring system with gaps like Saturn\u2019s that let more or less light through at different times during the passage. \u201cIt\u2019s the same indirect way the rings of Uranus were discovered in 1977,\u201d he says. [PAR] The planet itself doesn\u2019t show up in the observations, but that could be explained if the ring system is slightly off-center as it moves in front of the star. You can see how this works in an animation put together by Mamajek\u2019s collaborator Matthew Kenworthy, of the University of Leiden, in the Netherlands. [PAR] The star which the new planet orbits is thought to be very young\u2014about 16 million years, compared with our own Solar System\u2019s 4.6 billion. If the scientists are right about what they\u2019re seeing, the mammoth ring system will get smaller over time as the outer bands condense into moons. \u201cThat\u2019s what you see in [our] Solar System,\u201d says Kenworthy. \u201cYou have rings tucked in close to the planets and moons further out. So presumably we\u2019re seeing the intermediate step.\u201d [PAR] It all seems familiar, except for the ring system\u2019s size, which is unprecedented\u2014and which is the reason other astronomers are waiting to be convinced. \u201cI agree with the authors that it\u2019s appropriate to consider an interpretation based on rings,\u201d says Eric Ford, an expert on exoplanets at Penn State. The idea that the outer parts would condense into moons relatively quickly, however, means that we\u2019re seeing the rings at their full extent during a very narrow window of existence\u2014the sort of coincidence that scientists don\u2019t love to see. \u201cWhenever your explanation involves catching something during a phase that won\u2019t last very long,\u201d Ford says, \u201cit\u2019s a little concerning.\u201d [PAR] MORE Cousins of Earth Found Deep in Space [PAR] Much of the doubt could be erased if astronomers could see the rings pass by again on another orbit around the star. Unfortunately, that hasn\u2019t happened: they\u2019ve got only the single passage back in 2007, meaning the exoplanet is on a relatively long orbit. \u201cWe think it\u2019s at least ten or 15 years,\u201d says Kenworthy. [PAR] They don\u2019t know for sure, though, and since it\u2019s tough to keep big telescopes aimed at this one star hoping for another passage, the astronomers have recruited members of the high-end amateur group, the American Association of Variable Star Observers , to monitor the situation. They\u2019re also going back through digitized versions of old images from observatories around the world, looking for evidence of other stars that faded mysteriously for a while without explanation. \u201cNow that we know what we\u2019re looking for,\u201d Mamajek says, \u201cwe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] April 4, 1975: Bill Gates, Paul Allen Form a Little ... April 4, 1975: Bill Gates, Paul Allen Form a Little Partnership | WIRED [PAR] April 4, 1975: Bill Gates, Paul Allen Form a Little Partnership [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] Author: Randy Alfred. Randy Alfred [PAR] Date of Publication: 04.04.11. [PAR] Time of Publication: 7:00 am. [PAR] 7:00 am [PAR] April 4, 1975: Bill Gates, Paul Allen Form a Little Partnership [PAR] 1975: Bill Gates and Paul Allen create a partnership called Micro-soft. It will grow into one of the largest U.S. corporations and place them among the world\u2019s richest people. [PAR] Gates and Allen had been buddies and fellow Basic programmers at Lakeside School in Seattle. Allen graduated before Gates and enrolled at Washington State University. They built a computer based on an Intel 8008 chip and used it to analyze traffic data for the Washington state highway department, doing business as Traf-O-Data . [PAR] Allen went to work for Honeywell in Boston, and Gates enrolled at Harvard University in nearby Cambridge. News in late 1974 of the first personal computer kit, the Altair 8800 , excited them, but they knew they could improve its performance with Basic . [PAR] Allen spoke to Ed Roberts, president of Altair manufacturer MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), and sold him on the idea. Gates and Allen worked night and day to complete the first microcomputer Basic. Allen moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, in January 1975 to become director of software for MITS. Gates dropped out of his sophomore year at Harvard and joined Allen in Albuquerque. [PAR] Allen was 22; Gates was 19. Altair Basic was functioning by March. The \u201cMicro-soft\u201d partnership was sealed in April, but wouldn\u2019t get its name for a few more months. [PAR] The fledgling company also created versions of Basic for the hot-selling Apple II and Radio Shack\u2019s TRS-80 . [PAR] Microsoft moved from Albuquerque to Bellevue, Washington, in 1979. It incorporated in 1981, a few weeks before IBM introduced its personal computer with Microsoft\u2019s 16-bit operating system, MS-DOS 1.0. [PAR] The thriving young company moved again in 1986, this time to a new corporate campus in Redmond, Washington . Microsoft stock went public in March 1986. Adjusting for splits, a share of that stock [ MSFT ] is worth about 320 times its original value today (or about 160 times, even accounting for inflation). [PAR] Source: Various [PAR] Photo: Microsoft founders Bill Gates and Paul Allen were all smiles in 1983 just after delivering MS Dos for the Tandy laptop and signing a contract to write MS-DOS for IBM. (Doug Wilson/Corbis) [PAR] This article first appeared on Wired.com April 4, 2008.[DOC] [TLE] April 04, 1975 : Microsoft founded - American & World History April 04, 1975 : Microsoft founded [PAR] Introduction [PAR] On this day in 1975, at a time when most Americans use typewriters, childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen found Microsoft, a company that makes computer software. Originally based in Albuquerque, New Mexico , Microsoft relocated to Washington State in 1979 and eventually grew into a major multinational technology corporation. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world\u2019s youngest billionaire. [PAR] Gates and Allen started Microsoft\u2014originally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and software\u2014in order to produce software for the Altair 8800, an early personal computer. Allen quit his job as a programmer in Boston and Gates left Harvard University, where he was a student, to focus on their new company, which was based in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 11 April 1970, 19:13:00 UTC, T minus Zero - This Day in ... 11 April 1970, 19:13:00 UTC, T minus Zero - This Day in Aviation [PAR] This Day in Aviation [PAR] Space Flight Apollo 13 , Apollo Program , AS-508 , Astronauts , Cape Canaveral , Fred W. Haise Jr , Inflight Emergency , James L. Lovell Jr. , John L. Swigert Jr. , Kennedy Space Center , Launch Complex 39A , Manned Space Flight , Moon Landing , Moon Shot , Saturn V , Space Flight Bryan Swopes [PAR] Apollo 13 (AS-508) lifts off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, 19:13:00 UTC, 11 April 1970. (NASA) [PAR] 11 April 1970: At 2:13:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Apollo 13 was launched from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida. This mission was planned to be the third manned lunar landing. The destination was the Fra Mauro Highlands. In command was Captain James A. Lovell, Jr., United States Navy. The Command Module Pilot was John L. \u201cJack\u201d Swigert, Jr. (who was originally scheduled as the backup CSM pilot, but had replaced Lieutenant Commander T. Kenneth Mattingly II, USN, just three days before launch). and the Lunar Module Pilot was Fred W. Haise, Jr., A NASA astronaut (formerly a U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, test pilot and instructor). [PAR] The crew change had been made because it was believed that Ken Mattingly had been exposed to measles and NASA administrators did not want to risk that he might become ill during the flight. [PAR] The Apollo 13 mission did not go as planned. An explosion inside the service module was a very near disaster, and the lunar landing had to be aborted. Returning the three astronauts safely to Earth became the primary task. [PAR] The Saturn V rocket was a three-stage, liquid-fueled heavy launch vehicle. Fully assembled with the Apollo Command and Service Module, it stood 363 feet (110.642 meters) tall. The first and second stages were 33 feet (10.058 meters) in diameter. Fully loaded and fueled the rocket weighed 6,200,000 pounds (2,948,350 kilograms). It could lift a payload of 260,000 pounds (117,934 kilograms) to Low Earth Orbit. [PAR] The first stage was designated S-IC. It was designed to lift the entire rocket to an altitude of 220,000 feet (67,056 meters) and accelerate to a speed of more than 5,100 miles per hour (8,280 kilometers per hour). The S-IC stage was built by Boeing at the Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans, Louisiana. It was 138 feet (42.062 meters) tall and had an empty weight of 290,000 pounds (131,542 kilograms). Fully fueled with 203,400 gallons (770,000 liters) of RP-1 and 318,065 gallons (1,204,000 liters) of liquid oxygen, the stage weighed 5,100,000 pounds (2,131,322 kilograms). It was propelled by five Rocketdyne F-1 engines, producing 1,522,000 pounds of thrust, each, for a total of 7,610,000 pounds of thrust at Sea Level. These engines were ignited seven seconds prior to lift off and the outer four burned for 168 seconds. The center engine was shut down after 142 seconds to reduce the rate of acceleration. The F-1 engines were built by the Rocketdyne Division of North American Aviation at Canoga Park, California. [PAR] The S-II second stage was built by North American Aviation at Seal Beach, California. It was 81 feet, 7 inches (24.87 meters) tall and had the same diameter as the first stage. The second stage weighed 80,000 pounds (36,000 kilograms) empty and 1,060,000 pounds loaded. The propellant for the S-II was liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vice President Agnew resigns - Oct 10, 1973 - HISTORY.com Vice President Agnew resigns - Oct 10, 1973 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Vice President Agnew resigns [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Less than a year before Richard M. Nixon\u2019s resignation as president of the United States, Spiro Agnew becomes the first U.S. vice president to resign in disgrace. The same day, he pleaded no contest to a charge of federal income tax evasion in exchange for the dropping of charges of political corruption. He was subsequently fined $10,000, sentenced to three years probation, and disbarred by the Maryland court of appeals. [PAR] Agnew, a Republican, was elected chief executive of Baltimore County in 1961. In 1967, he became governor of Maryland, an office he held until his nomination as the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1968. During Nixon\u2019s successful campaign, Agnew ran on a tough law-and-order platform, and as vice president he frequently attacked opponents of the Vietnam War and liberals as being disloyal and un-American. Reelected with Nixon in 1972, Agnew resigned on October 10, 1973, after the U.S. Justice Department uncovered widespread evidence of his political corruption, including allegations that his practice of accepting bribes had continued into his tenure as U.S. vice president. He died at the age of 77 on September 17, 1996. [PAR] Under the process decreed by the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, President Nixon was instructed to the fill vacant office of vice president by nominating a candidate who then had to be approved by both houses of Congress. Nixon\u2019s appointment of Representative Gerald Ford of Michigan was approved by Congress and, on December 6, Ford was sworn in. He became the 38th president of the United States on August 9, 1974, after the escalating Watergate affair caused Nixon to resign. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 9 December 1979, Sunday, What happened on | TakeMeBack.to 9 December 1979, Sunday, What happened on | TakeMeBack.to [PAR] Fulton J Sheen : American archbishop and television preacher (Born 1895). [PAR] Facts: [PAR] Murle Breer / Dave Eichelberger wins LPGA J C Penney Golf Classic [PAR] The eradication of the smallpox virus is certified, making smallpox the first and to date only human disease driven to extinction. [PAR] The eradication of the smallpox virus is certified, making smallpox the first and to date only human disease driven to extinction. [PAR] A major earthquake and tsunami kills 259 people in Colombia. [PAR] Coup d'\u00e9tat of December Twelfth: South Korean Army Major General Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi Kyu-ha, alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park Chung Hee. [PAR] The unrecognised state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia returns to British control and resumes using the name Southern Rhodesia. [PAR] Subscribe to our Newsletter [PAR] Don't miss our monthly news, no spam guarantee Click here to Subscribe [PAR] ...and if 9 December 1979 was your Birth Date then Join our Birthday Club! [PAR] Music Charts[DOC] [TLE] Round 5 Jeopardy Template - jeopardylabs.com Round 5 Jeopardy Template [PAR] What did a famous Sam open in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas? [PAR] 100 [PAR] America celebrated which birthday in 1976? [PAR] 100 [PAR] In the 80s, what company used little alligators as its symbol on clothing? [PAR] 100 [PAR] Which celebrity popularized the hairstyle known as The Rachel? [PAR] 100 [PAR] What is 50 year old? [PAR] How old was Michael Jackson when he died in 2009? [PAR] 200 [PAR] Who was Helen Keller? [PAR] What was the name of the blind and deaf scholar who died in the USA aged 88 [PAR] 200 [PAR] The record of the year in 1978 was 'Hotel California' by which rock group? [PAR] 200 [PAR] Who is Pete Rose? [PAR] In 1989, which manager of the Cincinnati Reds got a lifetime ban for gambling on baseball during his tenure? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is Old Navy? [PAR] What retailer hoped TV ads with bug-eyed Carrie Donovan and a dog named Magi could help sell clothing? [PAR] 200 [PAR] What is the year 2014 in Roman numerals? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Which beauty company advertised with this tagline: \"Because I\u2019m worth it\"? [PAR] 300 [PAR] In 1971, which country was formed when East Pakistan and West Pakistan split? [PAR] 300 [PAR] What is Mt. St. Helens? [PAR] What volcano erupted in 1980 that became the worst volcanic disaster in US history? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Who is Stephen King? [PAR] What author bought the minivan that hit him for $1,500 so he could take a sledgehammer to it? [PAR] 300 [PAR] Which former President of the United States died on December 26, 2006 aged 93? [PAR] 400 [PAR] In the 60s, whose silk screen painting brought art into mainstream America? [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is Saturday night Live? [PAR] What late night comedy show premiered on NBC in 1975? [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is The Challenger? [PAR] In 1986, Which US space shuttle went up in flames immediately after its launch, killing all seven astronauts? [PAR] 400 [PAR] Who is Tommy Hilfiger? [PAR] What denim designer paid $42,550 at a Christie's auction for three pairs of Marilyn Monroe's jeans? [PAR] 400 [PAR] What is waterboarding? [PAR] What did Eric Holder (new US Attorney General) define as torture that Dick Cheney said was not? [PAR] 500 [PAR] Which athlete introduced a new high jumping technique at the 1968 Mexico"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1970 FIFA World Cup - Football Wiki - Wikia 1970 FIFA World Cup | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1970 FIFA World Cup [PAR] 1974 \u2192 [PAR] The 1970 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in Mexico in 1970. 16 teams took part from many countries. Brazil won the trophy after beating Italy in the final. Djibouti did not participate, as it was not yet a country.[DOC] [TLE] Football World Cup winners list | FIFA soccer WC champion ... Football World Cup winners list | FIFA soccer WC champion teams, history [PAR] Football World Cup winners list [PAR] Published on [PAR] Jun 20, 2014 [PAR] Take a close look at the greatest football teams on earth: the FIFA World Cup champions. [PAR] The World Cup, also known as the Mundial or Copa do Mundo, has been held 19 times since it inaugural tournament in 1930. It has been won by eight different teams, with Brazil having the most World Cup titles with five, followed by Italy with four, and West Germany with three. Argentina and Uruguay have two titles each while England, France, and Spain have one title. [PAR] Below is a year-by-year account of all the World Cup champion teams. [PAR] 1930 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Uruguay 4-2 Argentina [PAR] Host country: Uruguay [PAR] The 1930 World Cup was staged in Uruguay and it was the host country that won the championship. In the final match, the Uruguayans saw themselves trailing behind Argentina by 2-1 but managed to turn things around in the second half by scoring three goals. Uruguay became the first World Cup winner with a 4-2 score. [PAR] 1934 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia (Extra time) [PAR] Host country: Italy [PAR] The 1934 World Cup was once again won by the host country and this time it was Italy that took the trophy. Playing against Czechoslovakia, Italy imposed a very tough defense but the visiting team breached the Italian line in the 70th to lead 1-0. Italy retaliated to make the game 1-1 before the end of regulation and bagged the win in overtime by a 2-1 tally. [PAR] 1938 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Italy 4-2 Hungary [PAR] Host country: France [PAR] Italy retained its crown in the 1938 World Cup in France. In the final match against Hungary, the Italians broke clear with a 3-1 score at halftime and finished the game 4-2. [PAR] 1950 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Uruguay 2-1 Brazil [PAR] Host country: Brazil [PAR] The World Cup was not staged again until 1950 because of the Second World War. Played in Brazil, this edition of the Mundial saw one of the biggest upsets in football history when the host country lost to the Uruguay football team. [PAR] Brazil was highly favored to win in the final match with Uruguay, which was lowly rated after not qualifying in the two previous World Cups. The Brazilians scored two minutes into the second half and everything seemed to be going well for them. However, Uruguay tied on the 66th minute mark and scored anew on the 79th to steal the 1950 World Cup trophy. [PAR] 1954 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: West Germany 3-2 Hungary [PAR] Host country: Switzerland [PAR] The 1954 World Cup saw another major upset: In the group stage, the Hungarians trashed West Germany 8-3 and was highly favored to win when the two teams met again in the final. Scoring two goals after only eight minutes, the Hungarian football team"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Terracotta Army Discovery - Terracotta Warriors Terracotta Army [PAR] The Terracotta Army And Its Discovery [PAR] The terracotta army was discovered by accident in 1974 at Xian, in China, when local farmers digging a well broke into a pit containing 6000 life-size terracotta figures. Excavation in 1976 revealed two further pits both filled with terracotta warriors. On the eastern side of the tomb a number of small pits have been found containing the bones of horses and smaller size terracotta figures of grooms. Since then discoveries have continued to be made at the site and to date the remains of nearly 8000 terracotta figures have been recovered. [PAR] There has been worldwide fascination in the discovery of the Terracotta Army and it is now regarded as the 8th Wonder of the Ancient World. [PAR] Your own kneeling warrior figurine. Prices start from as low as \u00a34.95 The terracotta army was guarding the tomb of the First Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang di, who lived over 2200 years ago. He became famous for unifying the warring states into what is now China, and for becoming the country's first emperor. He is remembered for instigating the building of the Great Wall of China, and the fanatical fear of death and an obsessive quest for the secret of immortality. This craze for life and the fear of death ultimately gave us the legacy of the terracotta warriors. [PAR] The terracotta warriors are unique. Not only are they life-size and individually modelled in clay, but the detail of the figures is astounding. Not only can we observe the construction of body armour of terracotta army, with even the heads of rivets standing out, but the soles of the shoes of the kneeling warriors are modelled with fine tread patterns. The hands and the heads of the terracotta warriors were made separately, and each head is reputed to be different and individual. Although all the warriors were in the pits they had been buried in, many of them were in pieces and have had to be restored. The museum technicians and craftsmen who undertook this difficult task often had to remodel parts to restore areas of the figures that were too badly damaged to be reconstructed. [PAR] About the Terracotta Warriors on display in the Terracotta Warriors Museum [PAR] Technicians and craftsmen have used the same techniques and skills to re-create the majority of the warriors for The Terracotta Warriors Museum, which form the highlight of the exhibition. The figures made in this way are in all respects identical to the originals having been made near the Emperor's tomb in the same clay and fired in the same way as the originals. The warriors stand up to 2 metres tall and weigh up to 300 kilograms. [PAR] The terracotta warriors featured on our display comprise of various types including crossbowmen, a charioteer, an officer and a general. The whole group of terracotta army is extremely impressive with audio programmes bring the discovery to life. [PAR] Click the \"Get Your Voucher\" button to print a voucher entitling you to a 50p discount on Terracotta Warriors Museum tickets."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Metric Day | Speaking of Precision Blog Metric Day | Speaking of Precision Blog [PAR] Speaking of Precision Blog [PAR] Metric Day- Celebrating Since 1866 [PAR] July 28, 2015 [PAR] On this day in 1866, an act of Congress, signed into law by President Andrew Johnson, made it \u201clawful throughout the United States of America to employ the weights and measures of the metric system in all contracts, dealings or court proceedings.\u201d [PAR] Andrew Johnson was President when this was passed. [PAR] Our best shops are operating in metric and measure in Microns- millionths of a meter. [PAR] How large is a micron? [PAR] [PAR] Happy Metric Day. And a hat tip to David Parker of Metric Machining and Mike Preston of Micron Manufacturing . [PAR] And to all of the engineers, machinists and technicians who call the metric system \u201ctheirs.\u201d [PAR] METRIC DAY- A Personal Story [PAR] February 12, 2014 [PAR] You may not know it but on this day in 1973 Ohio became the first state in the U.S. to post metric distance signs along I-71. [PAR] Back in the day\u2026 [PAR] These new signs showed the distance in both miles and kilometers. The metric system, though standard in many nations around the world, never quite caught on in the United States, except on major-league baseball stadium fences \u2014 and on that highway in Ohio. [PAR] And that is why Richard and Joan Parker in the Summer of 1973 decided to call our company Metric Machining when the company began on September 1, 1973. [PAR] Small business job creators Richard and Joan Parker, Metric Machining. [PAR] They wanted their company to be on the cutting edge\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 and they\u2019re still waiting for the rest of the country to catch up! [PAR] Search [PAR] Miles Free [PAR] Welcome to our blog, Speaking of Precision. As Director of Technology and Industry Research for PMPA, I bring 38 years of hands-on experience in areas of manufacturing, quality and steelmaking. I help answer \"HOW?\",\"WITH WHAT?\" and \"REALLY?\"[DOC] [TLE] METRIC DAY- A Personal Story | Speaking of Precision Blog METRIC DAY- A Personal Story | Speaking of Precision Blog [PAR] Speaking of Precision Blog [PAR] [PAR] METRIC DAY- A Personal Story [PAR] You may not know it but on this day in 1973 Ohio became the first state in the U.S. to post metric distance signs along I-71. [PAR] Back in the day\u2026 [PAR] These new signs showed the distance in both miles and kilometers. The metric system, though standard in many nations around the world, never quite caught on in the United States, except on major-league baseball stadium fences \u2014 and on that highway in Ohio. [PAR] And that is why Richard and Joan Parker in the Summer of 1973 decided to call our company Metric Machining when the company began on September 1, 1973. [PAR] Small business job creators Richard and Joan Parker, Metric Machining. [PAR] They wanted their company to be on the cutting edge\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 and they\u2019re still waiting for the rest of the country to catch up!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fischer - Spassky World Championship Match (1972) Fischer - Spassky World Championship Match (1972) [PAR] Fischer vs Spassky 1972 [PAR] The Match of the Century [PAR] The name Bobby Fischer , at least to Americans, is synonymous with chess. A prodigy in the 50s, a world class player in the 60s, the 70s saw Fischer at his pinnacle. He earned the right to challenge Boris Spassky in a title run without comparison, defeating Mark Taimanov and Bent Larsen with perfect scores of 6-0, and ex-champion Petrosian 6\u00bd-2&#189. Now the stage was set, and the only thing standing between Fischer and Spassky was Fischer himself. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Fischer vs Spassky, 1972 [PAR] The match was mired in political overtones, during the height of the Cold War. The Soviet chess system had a monopoly on the title since 1948, and the expectations on Spassky were enormous. While Fischer studied chess virtually in seclusion, Spassky had the full resources of the USSR. Victor Baturinsky, head of Soviet Chess Sports Committee, said: \"Basically, the Soviet leadership and the powers that be in sport, were interested in just one issue: how to stop Fischer from becoming World Champion.\" [1] [PAR] With the match set to begin in Reykjavik, Iceland, Fischer (who had not signed any documents confirming his participation) began to make a number of demands, including a percentage of television rights, a larger prize fund, and all manner of conditions covering everything from the lighting to the chair cushions. To satisfy Bobby's demands of a larger prize fund, British chess promoter James Slater donated a dazzling $125,000 to be added to the prize fund. Fischer still needed more convincing by Bill Lombardy (Fischer's last-minute choice as second), and one famously persuasive telephone call from Henry Kissinger. Mere hours before he would be forfeited, Fischer arrived in Iceland. [PAR] On July 11th, the \"Match of the Century\" had begun. Whether it was a blunder, or a passion to win at all costs, the first game saw Fischer uncharacteristically lose a simple drawn endgame. Game 2 was awarded to Spassky by forfeit when Fischer failed to appear in a dispute over the presence of cameras in the playing hall. [PAR] With the score 2-0 in Spassky's favor, Fischer refused to play unless TV cameras were removed from the playing hall. Only a last minute agreement by Spassky to play away from the cameras permitted the third game to be held. This turned out to be a huge psychological mistake by Spassky. In game 3 , in a small room backstage, Fischer beat Spassky for the first time in his life. The games then returned to the main stage, but without cameras. Winning again in games 5, 6, 8, and 10 the Fischer juggernaut had become unstoppable. [PAR] On September 3, 1972, Robert James Fischer became the 11th World Chess Champion. [PAR] click on a game number to replay game [PAR] Jan-15-16 Petrosianic : <the pairings weren't done by drawing names out of a hat.> [PAR] I believe they WERE, at least into the 1980's. [PAR] Jan-15-16 Howard : Let me check Kasparov's MGP---I believe in Volume 4 or Volume 5, he states that they weren't done at random---there was a certain way the pairings were made. [PAR] Besides, it would only make sense. Otherwise, in the 1977 Candidates (just to give an example) you could have had Korchnoi and Hort playing in the finals---talk about anti-climatic ! [PAR] Or in the 1980 version, it could have been Korchnoi-Adjoran (sp) in the finals---hell, talk about a foregone conclusion ! [PAR] diceman : <CygnusX1: Can"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1978- Year of 3 Popes - TU ES PETRUS - EWTN 1978- Year of 3 Popes - TU ES PETRUS [PAR] 1978: The Year Of [PAR] The Three Popes [PAR] The year 1978 will long be remembered as the year of the three popes. The not unexpected death of Pope Paul VI on August 6th, 1978 was followed on August 26th by the election of the \"Smiling Pope,\" John Paul I. Reigning only 33 days, the length in years of Our Lord's earthy life, he died in his sleep of a heart attack on September 28th. Only a few weeks later on October 16th, 1978 the College of Cardinals elected the \"Polish Pope\" John Paul II to the chair of Peter. [PAR] Pope Paul VI [PAR] Giovanni Battista Montini was born on September 26th, 1897 in Concesio, 8km. (5 miles) from Brescia, in the Lombardi region of northern Italy. Ordained to the priesthood at Brescia on May 29th, 1920, he undertook further studies in Rome, including the Gregorian University. From 1924 until his ordination as archbishop of Milan on December 12th, 1954, he served the Secretariate of State of the Holy See in various capacities, including a 17 year tenure (1937-1954) as Undersecretary of State during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII, with whose own career he was closely associated. Pope John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals on December 15, 1958. he succeeded this greatly beloved Pope as Supreme pontiff on June 21st 1963, taking the name of the Apostle to the Gentiles. [PAR] [PAR] Pope John Paul I [PAR] Albino Luciani was born on October 17th, 1912 in Forno de Canale. This small town is called today Canale d'Agordo, and is located 29 km. (18 miles) from Belluno in the province of Veneto, Italy, in which Venice is also to be found. He was ecucated in the minor (high school) and major (college) seminaries of the diocese of Belluno and ordained to the priesthood on July 7, 1935, later receiving a doctorate in sacred theology (S.T.D.) from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. He returned to the diocese to serve as seminary vice-rector from 1937 to 1947, also teaching in the areas of dogmatic and moral theology, canon law and sacred art. From 1947 he served as vicar general of the diocese, until his ordination as bishop of Vittorio Venuto on December 27th 1958. Bishop Luicani participated in all the sessions of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), and on December 15th, 1969 was appointed Archbishop and Patriarch of Venice. Pope Paul VI made him a cardinal on March 5, 1973. On being elected to succeed Pope Paul as Supreme Pontiff on August 26, 1978, he took the names of his immediate predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI, the first Pope in history to do so. [PAR] Significant acts of his papacy: While Pope John Paul I delivered 19 addresses and was noted for his good humor, especially with children, no significant papal acts are attributed to his pontificate. [PAR] [PAR] Pope John Paul II [PAR] Karol Wojtyla was born in Wadowice, Poland (near Krakow) on May 18, 1920. In 1938 he became a student of theatre and poetry in the university of Krakow, but had to undertake manual labor in a stone quarry and chemical plant when the Nazis invaded Poland at the beginning of World War II. In 1942 he began secret studies for the priesthood in an \"underground\" seminary of the Archbishop of Krakow and was ordained to the priesthood on November 1, 1946. After ordination he was sent to Rome to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Bridge - London Wiki - Wikia London Bridge | London Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] London Bridge is a bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London , England, over the River Thames . Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge , it forms the western end of the Pool of London . On the south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and London Bridge Station ; on the north side are the Monument to the Great Fire of London and Monument tube station . [PAR] It was the only bridge over the Thames downstream from Kingston until Westminster Bridge opened in 1750. [PAR] The bridge carries part of the A3 road, which is maintained by the Greater London Authority; the bridge itself is owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates (see City Bridge Trust), an independent charity overseen by the City of London Corporation. [PAR] Tower Bridge is often mistakenly referred to as London Bridge. The area between London Bridge and Tower Bridge on the south side of the Thames is managed by the London Bridge Business Improvement District (BID) Company. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] A bridge has existed at or near the present site over the period from the Roman occupation of the area, nearly 2,000 years ago. The first bridge across the Thames in the London area, probably a military pontoon bridge, was built of wood by the Romans on the present site around 50 AD. [PAR] Around 55 AD, a piled bridge was constructed, and the local Britons built a small trading settlement next to it\u2014the town of Londinium. The settlement and the bridge were destroyed in a revolt led by Queen Boudicca in 60 AD. The victory was short-lived, and soon afterwards the Romans defeated the rebels and set about building a new walled town. Some of the 2nd century Roman wall has survived to this day. The new town and bridge were built around the position of the present bridge, providing access to the south-coast ports via Stane Street (the A3 route) and Watling Street (the A2). [PAR] The bridge fell into disrepair after the Romans left. As Londinium was also abandoned, there was little need for a bridge at this point and in the Saxon period the river was a political boundary between the hostile kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex. With the impact of the Viking invasions, the reconquest of the Roman city by the kings of Wessex and its re-occupation by Alfred the Great, the political conditions arose for a Saxon bridge crossing to be placed here. However, there is no archaeological evidence for a bridge before Aethelred's reign and his attempts to stem the Sweinian invasions of the 990s. In 1014, according to a much later skaldic tradition, the bridge was pulled down by the Norwegian prince Olaf, as he was aiding King Aethelred in what, if true, was a successful bid to divide the defending forces of the Danes who held the walled City of London plus Southwark, thereby regaining London for the Anglo-Saxon king. This episode might have inspired the well-known nursery rhyme \"London Bridge is Falling Down\", although the version of the song known today refers to the many bridges that were destroyed and rebuilt, and the trading done on the shops over it (\"Silver and Gold\") in the 14th century, so the song's origin is presumably of a much later date. [PAR] The earliest contemporary written reference to a Saxon bridge is in 1016, when it was by-passed by King Cnut's ships in his war"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ABBA - Music Hub - Wikia ABBA | Music Hub | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus [PAR] ABBA was a Swedish pop/dance group active from 1972 to 1982 who won the Eurovision song contest. The band was formed of Anni-Frid Lyngstad , Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog , Benny Andersson and Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus . The band members were previously married but since have split up. They topped the charts worldwide from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. The name \"ABBA\" is an acronym formed from the first letters of each of the group member's given name. They remain a fixture of radio playlists and are one of the world's best selling bands, having sold more than 370 million records world wide. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Benny Andersson (born on 16 December 1946 in Stockholm, Sweden) was a member of a popular Swedish pop-rock group, The Hep Stars , that performed covers of international hits, from the age of 18. The Hep Stars were known as \"The Swedish Beatles\"; they even set up Hep House, their equivalent of the Apple Corps. Benny Andersson played keyboards and eventually started writing original compositions for his band, many of which became major hits including \"No Response\" that hit #3 in 1965 , \"Sunny Girl\", \"Wedding\", \"Consolation\", all of which hit #1 in 1966 . [1] Andersson also had a fruitful songwriting collaboration with Lasse Berghagen , with whom he composed his first Svensktoppen entry \"Sagan om lilla Sofi\" (\"The Story of Little Sophie\") in 1968. [PAR] Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus (born on 25 April 1945 in Gothenburg, Sweden) also began his musical career at 18 (as a singer and guitarist), when he fronted The Hootenanny Singers , a popular Swedish folk - skiffle group. Ulvaeus started writing English language songs for his group, and even had a brief solo career alongside. The Hootenanny Singers and The Hep Stars sometimes crossed paths while touring, and on one occasion in June 1966 Ulvaeus and Andersson decided to write a song together. Their first attempt was \"Isn't It Easy to Say\", a song later recorded by The Hep Stars. Stig Anderson was the manager of The Hootenanny Singers and founder of the Polar Music label. He saw potential in the collaboration, and encouraged them to compose more. Both also began playing occasionally with the other's bands on stage and on record, although not until 1969 did the pair write and produce some of their first real hits together: \"Ljuva sextiotal\" ('Merry Sixties'), recorded by Brita Borg and The Hep Stars' 1969 hit \"Speleman\" (\"Fiddler\"). On July 6, 1971, Bj\u00f6rn and Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog got married. [PAR] Andersson wrote and submitted the song \"Hej, Clown\" for the 1969 Melodifestivalen , the Swedish Eurovision Song Contest finals. The song tied for first, but re-voting relegated Andersson's song to second place. [2] On this occasion, Andersson briefly met his future spouse, singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad , who also participated in the contest. A month later, the two had become a couple. As the two bands began to break up, Andersson and Ulvaeus teamed up and eventually recorded their first album together in 1970, called Lycka (\"Happiness\"), that included original compositions sung by both men. Ulvaeus still occasionally recorded and performed with The Hootenanny Singers until the summer of 1974, and Andersson took part in producing their records. [PAR] Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog (born on 5 April 1950 in J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden) had a #1 record in Sweden when she was only 17, and was soon noted by the critics and songwriters as a talented singer/songwriter of schlager style songs. F\u00e4ltskog's main inspiration in her early"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Beckham | David Beckham Football Player David Beckham | David Beckham Football Player [PAR] David Beckham Football Player [PAR] Posted on February 23, 2011 by ikercasillasfootball [PAR] The full name of David Beckham is David Robert Joseph Beckham. He was born on 2nd May 1975. He is an English football player currently playing for Los Angeles Galaxy. He is one of the best midfielders there is. [PAR] Beckham\u2019s career began when he signed a professional contract with Manchester United, making his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17.[6] During his time there, United won the Premier League title six times, the FA Cup twice, and the UEFA Champions League in 1999.[6] He left Manchester United to sign for Real Madrid in 2003, where he remained for four seasons,[7] clinching the La Liga championship in his final season with the club.[8] In January 2007, it was announced that Beckham would leave Real Madrid for the Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy,[9] signing a five-year contract with them on 1 July 2007. While a Galaxy player, he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010. [PAR] In international football, Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996, at the age of 21. He was made captain from 15 November 2000[10] until the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals,[11] during which he played 58 times. He earned a much-publicised hundredth cap against France on 26 March 2008,[12] and became the all-time outfield player appearance record holder on 28 March 2009 when he surpassed Bobby Moore\u2019s total of 108 caps.[5] With 115 career appearances to date he has stated that does not intend to retire from international football, having missed the 2010 World Cup through injury and not featuring in England manager Fabio Capello\u2019s post-World Cup plans.[13] [PAR] Beckham has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year[6] and in 2004 was the world\u2019s highest-paid footballer when taking into account salary and advertising deals.[14] Beckham was the first British footballer to play 100 Champions League matches.[6] He was Google\u2019s most searched of all sports topics in both 2003 and 2004.[15] With such global recognition he has become an elite advertising brand and a top fashion icon.[16][17] When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given the highest player salary in the league\u2019s history, with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth $6.5m per year.[18][19][20][21] [PAR] Beckham is married to former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham (n\u00e9e Adams).[22] The couple have three sons and are expecting a fourth and currently reside in Beverly Hills, California. [PAR] Posted on February 23, 2011 by ikercasillasfootball [PAR] Beckham playing for Milan [PAR] In 2008, Beckham\u2019s success in the England national team under Fabio Capello led to speculation that he might return to Europe in order to retain match fitness for the World Cup qualifying matches in 2009. On 30 October 2008, Milan announced that Beckham was to join them on loan from 7 January 2009.[95] Despite this and other speculation, Beckham made it clear that the move in no way signalled his intent to leave MLS and announced his intent to return to the Galaxy in time for the start of the 2009 season in March.[96] Many at Milan both within and outside of the club expressed serious reservations about the transfer, with it considered by some players no more than a marketing move.[97] At Milan, he chose the number 32 shirt previously worn by Christian Vieri, as both the number 7 and 23 shirts were already used by Alexandre Pato and club captain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek mythology and myths | Tour Site Greek mythology and myths | Tour Site [PAR] 1. Introduction to Greek mythology [PAR] acropolis, Athens, Greece [PAR] Greek mythology in general is supposed to give us a picture of how mankind used to think and feel many years ago. The old people in Greece used to consider Greek mythology to be similar to a religion. The myths lead us back in time to when man had a connection to the earth and nature; they take us back in time to a strange beautiful animated world. Nobody know if these myths were first told in this way or when they were first told exactly but many great and very famous poets have been created through the myths. The Greeks did not believe that the Gods created the universe; instead they believed that the universe was created by the Gods. Before the Gods there was only heaven and earth, the Titans were heaven and Earth. We have tried to write out the myths in an easy and an interesting way, with not too much but not too less of each myth. I have read each myth a couple of times by a few different authors and then have written them in my own way. I hope you enjoy reading through the myths. [PAR] 2. The Titans [PAR] Aesculapius, Greek mythology [PAR] The Titans were also often called the older Gods. Nobody knows for how long exactly they were in the universe. They were huge in size and had unbelievable strength. There were a lot of them but they don\u2019t all appear in Mythology. The leader of the Titans and the most important was called Cronus, (Saturn in Latin) He remained the leader until his own son Zeus took over his throne and also assumed all the power for himself. It has been said that when Zeus took over his fathers throne, Cronus ran away to Italy, where he introduced the Golden Age, which was a period of peace and happiness that lasted for all the entire duration of his reign. Some other Titans that we should mention are Ocean, a river that circled around the world; Ocean\u2019s wife Tethys; Hyperion, the father of the dawn, the moon and the sun; Mnemosyne, which means memory; Themis, most often translated as justice, Lapetus was important because of his sons, Atlas, who bore the earth on his shoulders, and Prometheus, who was the savior of all mankind. These were the only Titans otherwise called older Gods, which did not entirely disappear with the arrival of Zeus, but they took a lower place in Mythology. The 12 Olympian Gods were the highest in authority among the Gods that succeeded to the Titans. They were named the Olympians because they lived on Olympus; Olympus is the highest mountain in the central area of Greece. The entrance to where they lived, slept and feasted on ambrosia and nectar, was guarded by a very big gate of clouds, kept by the seasons. [PAR] 3. The 12 Gods of Olympus (the Olympian Gods): [PAR] Zeus in Greek mythology [PAR] ZEUS (Jupiter in Latin) was the chief; he dethroned his Father Cronus and then had a draw with his brothers Poseidon and Hades for their share in the universe. Zeus won the draw and became the main ruler of the Gods. He was the lord of the sky, the rain and the cloud gatherer. His weapon was a thunderbolt, which he hurled at those who displeased him. He was married to Hera but was famous for his many affairs with other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Kate Beckinsale Picture Pages - SuperiorPics.com The Kate Beckinsale Picture Pages [PAR] Shooting Fish [PAR] Background: [PAR] Pale-skinned, fine-boned British actress Kate Beckinsale gained recognition for her portrayal of altruistic con artist Georgie in the independent hit Shooting Fish (1997). Directed by Stefan Schwartz, she nabbed a Catalonian International Film Festival Award. [PAR] A year later, she turned film critics\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd heads again with her supporting role of cool and catty WASP university graduate Charlotte Pingress in the independent ensemble drama The Last Days of Disco, where she netted a London Critics Circle Film Award. Initially making an impression on worldwide audiences with her performance as the lovable, virginal Hero in the Shakespeare outing Much Ado About Nothing (1993), Beckinsale went on to take roles in such high-profile films as Cold Comfort Farm (1995), Michael Bay\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds lavish World War II epic Pearl Harbor (2001), the romantic-comedy Serendipity (2001, with John Cusack), the fantasy film Underworld (2003), the Sci-fi film Van Helsing (2004) and the Oscar-winning film The Aviator (2004, directed by Martin Scorsese). [PAR] Beckinsale\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds admirers should not miss her performances in the upcoming Underworld: Evolution (2006) and Click (2006). [PAR] Off screen, Kate Beckinsale was listed as the 63rd of Stuff magazine's \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd102 Sexiest Women in The World\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (2002) and was named England's \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNumber 1 Beauty\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd by Hello Magazine (2002). As for her private life, Beckinsale was involved with Edmund Moriarty, whom she dated while she was a student at Oxford. In 1995, she began a long-term relationship with Welsh actor Michael Sheen, but they broke up in 2003. With Sheen, Beckinsale shares a daughter named Lily Sheen (born in 1999). On May 9, 2004, she married director Len Wiseman. [PAR] Anorexic Kate [PAR] Childhood and Family: [PAR] London native Kate Beckinsale Loe was born on July 26, 1973, to British celebrity parents Richard Beckinsale and Judy Loe. [PAR] Her father died of a heart attack when Kate was six, leaving the little girl in the care of her mother. Noticeably gifted from a very young age, Kate won prizes in several young writing competitions, most notably for three short stories and three poems at the British bookseller W. H. Smith Young Writers' competition. As a teenager, she became anorexic, for which she had to endure four years of five-day-per-week analysis. [PAR] Spending most of her time in London, Kate was educated at the London\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Godolphin and Latymer private school. Following in her parents\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd footsteps, she gradually began acting after graduation. Already known by the British public in the early 1990s, Kate decided to attend Oxford University's New College, where she majored in French and Russian Literature. After studying for three years and spending her last year of studies in Paris, Kate came to the decision to leave her studies and fully focus on her acting career. [PAR] She met director Len Wiseman while on the set of 2003\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Underworld. Shortly after this, the couple became engaged on June 14, 2003, and then married on May 10, 2004, in Bel-Air, California. Before her marriage, Kate had a daughter named Lily Sheen, who was born on January 31, 1999, from her previous relationship with actor Michael Sheen. [PAR] Much Ado About Nothing [PAR] Career: [PAR] Daughter of British television actors, Kate Beckinsale wanted to become an actress just like her parents and so she steadily took on roles for British television after finishing school. Starting with a speaking part in the television miniseries \"Devices and Desires\" (1991), 18-year-old Beckinsale had a major TV acting debut in CBS\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds television movie One Against the Wind (1991). [PAR] Costarring as Judy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rapper Jay-Z Sentenced To Probation | Billboard Rapper Jay-Z Sentenced To Probation | Billboard [PAR] Rapper Jay-Z Sentenced To Probation [PAR] 12/7/2001 [PAR] COMMENTS [PAR] As expected, rapper Jay-Z (real name: Shawn Carter) has been sentenced to three years probation for stabbing a record producer at a New York nightclub, prosecutors said. The Grammy-winning artist ... [PAR] As expected, rapper Jay-Z (real name: Shawn Carter) has been sentenced to three years probation for stabbing a record producer at a New York nightclub, prosecutors said. The Grammy-winning artist pleaded guilty in October to misdemeanor assault, admitting he stabbed Lance \"Un\" Rivera at a club party on Dec. 1, 1999. [PAR] Carter accused Rivera of making and selling counterfeit copies of one of his recordings, then stabbed him with a five-inch knife at least twice, according to a police account. [PAR] As part of a plea agreement, Manhattan Supreme Court Justice Micki Scherer sentenced Carter, 31, to three years probation. The rapper refused to talk to reporters, but his lawyer, Ben Brafman, said his client was pleased the case was resolved. [PAR] Rivera, 35, did not file a lawsuit against the rapper, and the two settled out of court for between $500,000 and $1 million. Rivera later told prosecutors he was not interested in pursuing the case. [PAR] As previously reported , Jay-Z's episode of MTV2's \"Unplugged\" series is scheduled to air Dec. 15 on the network. The performance, which finds him backed by an acoustic band and a string quartet, features a cameo appearance by Mary J. Blige. [PAR] Copyright 2001 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pelota - Spanish to English Translation | Spanish Central Pelota - Spanish to English Translation | Spanish Central [PAR] pelota [PAR] jugar a la pelota : to play ball [PAR] 5 [PAR] pasar la pelota familiar : to pass the buck [PAR] 6 [PAR] jugar a la pelota to play ball [PAR] tener pelota por to have a passion for [PAR] Seen & Heard [PAR] What made you want to look up pelota? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). [PAR] Spanish Quizzes[DOC] [TLE] Basque Pelota the Sport - Topend Sports Basque Pelota the Sport [PAR] Home > Sports > List > Racket Sports > Basque Pelota [PAR] Basque Pelota [PAR] Basque pelota is a non-contact and a variation of a racket sport. Basque Pelota (pelota in Spanish, pilota in Basque and Catalan, or pelote in French) is known as the fastest sport in the world. It is mainly played in just a few countries: in Spain and France, especially in the Basque Country and its neighboring areas. It is also popular in Latin American countries such as Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Per\u00fa and Uruguay. [PAR] The game is also operated as a gaming enterprise called Jai Alai in this part of the world, and it is seen in southern parts of the US. [PAR] The main objective of the sport is playing with one hand, a racket, a wooden bat or a basket against a wall, which is also called frontis or fronton. [PAR] This sport is usually played between two teams, with two players, and the court is separated by a line on the ground or a net. [PAR] Basque Pelota Demonstration at the 1924 Olympic Games. [PAR] from: The Official Report of the Olympic Games of Paris 1924 [PAR] The governing body, The International Federation of Basque Pelota, has created standard rules for different varieties into four modalities and fourteen disciplines. This includes fix weights of balls, and also fixed court sizes. [PAR] There is a Basque Pelota World Championship which is organized every year, with France the most successful team. [PAR] Share:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Poetry Magazines - Life after Plath: Birthday Letters, by ... Poetry Magazines - Life after Plath: Birthday Letters, by Ted Hughes [PAR] Life after Plath: Birthday Letters, by Ted Hughes [PAR] Mick Delap talks to Erica Wagner, Literary Editor of The Times [PAR] What can I tell you that you do not know [PAR] Of the life after death? [PAR] That is the question with which Ted Hughes begins one of the later poems in Birthday Letters. As in nearly all the eighty eight poems in the collection, he\u2019s talking directly to the poet Sylvia Plath, his wife for seven years, before her suicide in February 1963, and the mother of his two children. In Life after Death, he recalls in painful and moving detail how he and the children coped with the immediate aftermath of her death, in a flat in Primrose Hill, near London Zoo, in the frozen weeks of one of the coldest winters of the century. Only to find a strange sort of solace: [PAR] Dropped from life, [PAR] We three made a deep silence [PAR] In our separate cots. [PAR] We were comforted by wolves. [PAR] Under that February moon and the moon of March [PAR] The Zoo had come close. [PAR] And in spite of the city [PAR] Wolves consoled us. Two or three times each night [PAR] For minutes on end [PAR] They sang. They had found where we lay.... [PAR] They wound us and enmeshed us [PAR] In their wailing for you, their mourning for us, [PAR] They wove us into their voices. We lay in your death, [PAR] In the fallen snow, under falling snow. [PAR] Ever since Plath died, Hughes had resolutely kept his own counsel, in the face of often bitter and highly public wrangling about the nature of their life together. Then, after nearly thirty five years of silence on the subject, it was revealed towards the end of January 1998 that Hughes was finally going to speak out, by publishing a hitherto unsuspected collection of poems written over the years since Plath died, about his life with her. The Times, recognising a major literary event, announced a six part serialisation. And over the next week, proceeded to print a representative twelve of the eighty eight \u201cBirthday Letter\u201d poems. The poems had been selected by the Literary Editor of The Times, Erica Wagner, who also provided a running commentary. The columnist \u201cNB\u201d in sister journal, the TLS, rather sourly accused The Times of \u201ctreating the whole thing as a soap opera in verse\u201d. Hughes stayed well out of sight, letting the poems do all the speaking for him. And when Birthday Letters was finally published on 29th January, it became an instant best seller. Six weeks later, Magma\u2019s Mick Delap went to Wapping to ask Erica Wagner about a phenomenon she had helped create. [PAR] MD: Had you been at all involved in the earlier Plath/Hughes controversies? [PAR] EW: I had read both their work when I was at school and university, and afterwards. I remember reading Janet Malcolm\u2019s The Silent Woman when it first appeared in the New Yorker, and of course I had known something of the controversy. But I had always felt it unfortunate that there seemed to be a division into two camps. You were either in the Hughes camp, or the Plath camp. This was something I never liked or wanted to be a part of. [PAR] MD: Sylvia Plath died in 1963. Ted Hughes has been famously silent, or almost silent, since then about their seven years together. In 1981"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James-Younger Gang - geni family tree James-Younger Gang [PAR] James-Younger Gang [PAR] Frank James (1843 - 1915) [PAR] Franklin \"Frank\" James (January 10, 1843 \u2013 February 18, 1915) was a famous American outlaw. He was the older brother of outlaw Jesse James. He was born Alexander Franklin James in Kearney, M... [PAR] history [PAR] The James-Younger Gang was a notable 19th-century gang of American outlaws that included Jesse James. [PAR] The gang was centered in the state of Missouri. Membership fluctuated from robbery to robbery, as the outlaws' raids were usually separated by many months. At various times, it included the Younger Brothers (Cole, Jim, John, and Bob), the James Brothers (the infamous Jesse James and his brother Frank), Clell Miller, Arthur McCoy, Charlie Pitts, John Jarrette (who was married to Cole's sister Josie), Bill Chadwell (alias Bill Stiles), and Matthew \"Ace\" Nelson. Contrary to frequent reports, the James brothers and Younger brothers were not related, at least not by blood. Starting in 1879, after the demise of the James-Younger Gang, the James brothers committed further crimes with Clell Miller's brother Ed, the Ford brothers (Robert and Charles), Bill Ryan, Dick Liddil, and the Hite Brothers Wood and Clarence. [PAR] The James-Younger Gang had its origins in a group of Confederate bushwhackers who fought in the bitter partisan conflict that wracked the divided state of Missouri during the American Civil War. This group's postwar crimes began in 1866, though it did not truly become the \"James-Younger Gang\" until 1868 at the earliest, when the authorities first named Cole Younger and both the James brothers as suspects in the robbery of the Nimrod Long bank in Russellville, Kentucky. It dissolved in 1876, after the capture of the Younger brothers in Minnesota after the ill-fated attempt to rob the Northfield First National Bank. Three years later, Jesse James organized a new gang and renewed his criminal career, which came to an end with his death in 1882. During the gang's period of activity, it robbed banks, trains, and stagecoaches in Missouri, Kentucky, Iowa, Texas, Arkansas, Kansas, and West Virginia."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Solar System, Solar System Information, Facts, News ... Solar System, Solar System Information, Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic [PAR] More \u00bb [PAR] Our Cosmic Neighborhood [PAR] From our small world we have gazed upon the cosmic ocean for thousands of years. Ancient astronomers observed points of light that appeared to move among the stars. They called these objects \"planets,\" meaning wanderers, and named them after Roman deities\u2014Jupiter, king of the gods; Mars, the god of war; Mercury, messenger of the gods; Venus, the goddes of love and beauty, and Saturn, father of Jupiter and god of agriculture. The stargazers also observed comets with sparkling tails, and meteors or shooting stars apparently falling from the sky. [PAR] Since the invention of the telescope, three more planets have been discovered in our solar system: Uranus (1781), Neptune (1846), and, now downgraded to a dwarf planet, Pluto (1930). In addition, there are thousands of small bodies such as asteroids and comets. Most of the asteroids orbit in a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, while the home of comets lies far beyond the orbit of Pluto, in the Oort Cloud. [PAR] The four planets closest to the sun\u2014Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars\u2014are called the terrestrial planets because they have solid rocky surfaces. The four large planets beyond the orbit of Mars\u2014Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune\u2014are called gas giants. Tiny, distant, Pluto has a solid but icier surface than the terrestrial planets. [PAR] Nearly every planet\u2014and some of the moons\u2014has an atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen. Venus has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide, with traces of poisonous gases such as sulfur dioxide. Mars's carbon dioxide atmosphere is extremely thin. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are primarily hydrogen and helium. When Pluto is near the sun, it has a thin atmosphere, but when Pluto travels to the outer regions of its orbit, the atmosphere freezes and collapses to the planet's surface. In that way, Pluto acts like a comet. [PAR] Moons, Rings, and Magnetospheres [PAR] There are 140 known natural satellites, also called moons, in orbit around the various planets in our solar system, ranging from bodies larger than our own moon to small pieces of debris. [PAR] From 1610 to 1977, Saturn was thought to be the only planet with rings. We now know that Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune also have ring systems, although Saturn's is by far the largest. Particles in these ring systems range in size from dust to boulders to house-size, and may be rocky and/or icy. [PAR] Most of the planets also have magnetic fields, which extend into space and form a magnetosphere around each planet. These magnetospheres rotate with the planet, sweeping charged particles with them. The sun has a magnetic field, the heliosphere, which envelops our entire solar system. [PAR] Ancient astronomers believed that the Earth was the center of the universe, and that the sun and all the other stars revolved around the Earth. Copernicus proved that Earth and the other planets in our solar system orbit our sun. Little by little, we are charting the universe, and an obvious question arises: Are there other planets where life might exist? Only recently have astronomers had the tools to indirectly detect large planets around other stars in nearby solar systems. [PAR] \u2014Text courtesy NASA/JPL[DOC] [TLE] Mars, Mars Information, Red Planet Facts, News, Photos ... Mars, Mars Information, Red Planet Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic [PAR] This requires the latest version of Flash Player. Click here to download. [PAR] The Red Planet [PAR] Mars is a small rocky body"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Slinky Dog - Pixar Wiki - Wikia Slinky Dog | Pixar Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"I knew you were right all along, Woody. I never doubted you for a second.\" [PAR] \u2014Slinky [PAR] In the first film , Slinky is first seen coming out from under Andy 's bed. He likes playing checkers with Woody . He is also one of the toys who believes it was an accident when Woody knocks Buzz out the window. He isn't happy about Woody's disappearance. He catches the lights when Woody calls them from the window of Sid's room until a grumpy Mr. Potato Head snatches them. When he and the other toys see Buzz's severed arm, Slinky looks devastated at what his friend seems to have done. Woody desperately pleads with him to help, but all he can do is close the curtains of Andy's window. [PAR] He is also guilty when he sees Woody telling the truth. He and the other toys make amends and assist Buzz, Woody and RC to make it to the moving van . He uses his stretching ability in an attempt to pull them into the van, but when RC's batteries rapidly drain, he becomes stretched to the breaking point. He loses his grip on Woody and gets sprung back into the moving van without them. He appears to be badly damaged, and the toys try and comfort him while he laments he should have held on longer. He looks ecstatic when Woody uses the rocket strapped to Buzz to return to them. His slink has been fixed at the end of the film, when the toys have been settled in Andy's new room . [PAR] Toy Story 2 [PAR] \"I may not be a smart dog, but I know what road kill is.\" [PAR] \u2014Slinky [PAR] In the second film , when Woody is looking for his hat to go to Cowboy Camp with Andy, it's Slinky who ends up finding Woody's hat. The bad news is that he got it from Buster , Andy's dog. After Al McWhiggin steals Woody, Slinky goes on the mission led by Buzz to rescue their valuable friend. The rescue squad uses Slinky's coil as a bungee cord to jump from Andy's house . Slinky also has to use two traffic cones (one on his head, another on his tail) when crossing the street due to his unique size and structure. At Al's Toy Barn , while searching in Al's office with a newer Buzz Lightyear action figure that the toys mistake for Andy's, Slinky encounters two Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots on Al's desk and asks them if they have seen \"a cowboy doll with a bad arm\" (referring to Woody), only to indirectly cause the two robots to fight. As Al enters the office, the New Buzz orders the toys to stow away in Al's bag, then they arrive at an apartment that houses Al's Penthouse . After entering the apartment through an air vent, they climb up an elevator shaft and arrive at the topmost floor with help from a rising elevator. When the toys break into the penthouse, Slinky and Bullseye have a growling match that Jessie tries to stop, but Slinky uses his coil to tie up Jessie and Bullseye. He then orders his allies to grab Woody and escape, but they are stopped by Andy's Buzz, who proves that he is the one that the toys recognize, to Slinky's relief. Slinky feels disappointed when Woody intends to stay with his Roundup gang to be put in a museum"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Koala: Facts, Baby, Eat, Live, Endangered, Dangerous ... Koala: Facts, Baby, Eat, Live, Endangered, Dangerous, Preditors [PAR] [PAR] Koala [PAR] The Koala is small, fuzzy, and cute. It has gray to brown colored fur with a white underbelly. It lazily makes it way through the tree branches to eat, sleep, and nurse its young. Spending most of its lifecycle in the trees, it only descends to the ground if necessary. Koalas are adored by many for their small size and cartoon-like features. The Koala is a marsupial. [PAR] BABY KOALAS [PAR] Mothers give birth and raise only one baby koala at time. During the mothers lifecycle she will produce up to six cubs. A newborn kaola baby is called a \u201cjoey\u201d and does not resemble an adult since it is born blind with undeveloped features. A joey measures under one inch in length. [PAR] Upon birth the joey makes its way to the mother\u2019s pouch and attaches itself inside. It then develops its eyes, legs, and fur. In fact it lives in the mother\u2019s pouch for about six months. When it emerges from the pouch it takes on the familiar cute and cuddly appearance of an adult. [PAR] Eventually the baby koala transfers itself to the mother\u2019s back to hitch a free ride. It continues to nurse off the mother\u2019s milk for up to a year and eats eucalyptus leaves. Some baby koalas want to use the safety of the pouch longer than necessary but their size prohibits them from climbing back inside. When the next joey is born it is time for last season\u2019s baby to say goodbye. [PAR] WHAT DO KOALAS EAT? [PAR] Eucalyptus leaves is the only food koalas eat. Although the leaves are poisonous to most animals, they have special bacteria that live in their stomachs to break down and digest them. Their diet includes up to one pound of leaves a day. [PAR] The koala has special teeth adapted for their eucalyptus diet. The majority of their front and back teeth act like scissors to chop the leaves into pieces suitable for digestion. Eucalyptus leaves have a fair amount of moisture hence koalas seldom drink water. [PAR] Plant specie information about eucalyptus trees indicate there are many different varieties in the wild. In fact each koala is particular about what kind they will eat. Baby koalas acquire their taste for specific varieties by adulthood. One of the main reasons koalas are endangered in some areas is the destruction of native eucalyptus forest habitats. [PAR] Eucalyptus leaves are high in fiber and low in nutrients. In addition to eating large amounts, koalas are able to survive on their diet since they have a slow metabolic system to conserve nutrients and energy. Since they have no natural predators in Australia, this adaptation is not to their disadvantage. [PAR] KOALA FACTS [PAR] Size: Up to 3 feet in length. [PAR] Weight: 20 to 30 pounds. [PAR] Lifespan: Koala information gathered from both wild and captive habitats suggest koalas live to be around 15 to 20 years. [PAR] Definition: The koala is a nocturnal marsupial and is a herbivore. [PAR] Fun fact: The word \u201cmarsupial\u201d is from the Latin word \u201cmarsupium\u201d, which translates to \u201cpouch\u201d. [PAR] Body structure: Its head has a long black nose, small round eyes, and big ears. It has strong limbs and the claws of its paws are designed to grasp and climb branches easily. The koala body structure is small and not \u201ctop heavy\u201d, enabling it to maneuver and balance on tree branches. [PAR] Sleeping time: Up to 20 hours a day!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oscar Wilde Paris France poet grave - Poetsgraves Poets Graves|Poets & Poetry Forum [PAR] For his mourners will be outcast men [PAR] And outcasts always mourn' [PAR] [PAR] Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde is buried in P\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre Lachaise Cemetery , Paris, France, Europe. (Also buried here are Jim Morrison and the French poet Paul Eluard.) [PAR] [PAR] Oscar Wilde's Grave complete with graffiti [PAR] Whilst in Reading Gaol Wilde received an ear injury which was not properly treated. Late in 1900 he developed further infections which led to meningitis, and his subsequent death at the age of 46. [PAR] He died penniless and alone in a Paris hotel. [PAR] On his deathbed he converted to Catholicism. By becoming a catholic he enacted one of his well known witticisms: The Church of England is the best to live in, but the Catholic Church is the best to die in. He is also reputed to have said, on being presented with an expensive medical bill, ' I suppose that I will have to die beyond my means'. [PAR] He was originally buried in the Bagneaux Cemetery but his remains were moved to P\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre Lachaise - the French National Cemetery - on July 19, 1909. However, the famous tomb, sculpted by Jacob Epstein was not added until 1914. It is now visited by hundreds of thousands of visitors each year - many of whom are gay men who come to pay their respects. The tomb is covered in lipstick kisses. [PAR] The ashes of Robert Ross (a former lover) are also buried in the tomb.[DOC] [TLE] Oscar Wilde (1854 - 1900) - Find A Grave Memorial Oscar Wilde (1854 - 1900) - Find A Grave Memorial [PAR] City of Paris [PAR] \ufffdle-de-France, France [PAR] Author, Playwright. He was born Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde in Dublin, Ireland, to a doctor and a mother prominent in poetry and writing. His father took very little interest in him but provided him with an excellent education: Portora Royal School, studied classics at Trinity College, Dublin, Magdalen College, Oxford (Newdigate Prize for his poem Ravenna) He became involved with the aesthetic and decadent movements then began teaching its values in England and later lectured in the United States and Canada adding to his renown and notoriety - he called Niagara Falls \"the bride's second disappointment.\" His financial position was secured when he married wealthy Constance Lloyd. They had two sons. Wilde's plays, poems and sharp aphorisms about Victorian society made him a celebrity in the 1880's and 90's but he saw his high-flying career crash disastrously when he was jailed for two years at hard labor for the practice of homosexuality and incarcerated at Reading Goal a prison near London. He was kept in a 13 x 7ft cell with planks for a bed and assigned useless work while being ridiculed by guards. He lost custody of his children and the one visit from his wife was to inform him his mother had died. When Wilde was released from prison, he was penniless and in poor health. He began a self imposed exile to the Continent ending up in Paris. He shunned society and artistic circles but his famous poem penned in prison 'The Ballad of Reading Gaol,' was published. While on his death bed, a repentant Wilde requested a priest and converted to Catholicism. After an operation for ear problems, he became semi-comatose for days, then passed away from meningitis in a seedy Paris hotel at age 46. His remains were buried in Bagneaux Cemetery encased in quicklime so the corpse would decompose to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1974 FIFA World Cup in Germany - soccergamblers.com 1974 FIFA World Cup in Germany - Soccer Betting Odds and Props for all Major Football Events Around the World [PAR] Germany 1974 World Cup Betting [PAR] Year: 1974 [PAR] Participants: 16 [PAR] Countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, East Germany, Haiti, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Scotland, Sweden, Uruguay, West Germany, Yugoslavia, Zaire [PAR] Championship: West Germany 2, Netherlands 1 [PAR] Top goal scorer: Grzegorz Lato, Poland (7) [PAR] In 1974, teams met in Germany to compete for a new trophy: the FIFA World Cup. Also new were the tight security measures at the tournament, brought into effect because of the assassination of Jewish athletes at the Munich Olympics two years earlier. [PAR] The opening ceremonies were held on June 13. Pele was on hand, even though he had decided not to play in what would have been his fifth World Cup. The action kicked off with defending champion Brazil playing Yugoslavia to a 0-0 tie -- hardly an exciting opener. [PAR] This tournament became known as the \"World Cup of Quality,\" with three outstanding teams in Holland, Poland and West Germany. [PAR] One of the biggest showdowns of the tournament was the Brazil-Holland game played on July 3. Brazil, missing its potent offense of years past, fell to the speedy Dutch team 2-0. [PAR] In the championship game, Holland scored on a penalty kick before West Germany even touched the ball, but the Germans came back for a 2-1 victory in front of 79,000 fans in Munich. [PAR] In a futile effort to boost his country's performance, Zaire's President Motubo awarded each of his players with a car, a trip for two to anywhere in the world and a house just for qualifying. Perhaps he should have held out a little longer: When Zaire got to Germany, it lost to Scotland 2-0, Brazil 3-0 and was trounced by Yugoslavia 9-0. [PAR] World Cup Germany 1974 Schedule and Results [PAR] Group 1 Results"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Guide Magazine Issue 43 by Guide Media Group - issuu The Guide Magazine Issue 43 by Guide Media Group - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] GUIDE WORKINGTON // MARYPORT // COCKERMOUTH // KESWICK [PAR] THE [PAR] EVENTS | FESTIVALS | LIFESTYLE | FOOD | & MORE www.theguidemags.com March / April 2015 | 1 [PAR] 2 | The Guide Magazine [PAR] Managing Director Stephen Murphy T: 01946 816 716 [PAR] stephen@theguidemediagroup.com [PAR] Office Admin Manager Steffany Clarke T: 01946 816 719 steffany@theguidemediagroup.com [PAR] Graphic Designer Nicky Proniewicz T: 01946 816 728 nicky@theguidemediagroup.com [PAR] Graphic Designer Kerry Cook T: 01946 816 728 kerry@theguidemediagroup.com [PAR] Writer Danielle Murphy T: 01946 816733 danielle@theguidemediagroup.com [PAR] A [PAR] Word FROM THE Editor T [PAR] he March/April edition of The Guide can mean only two things; spring is here and we\u2019re another year older. Yes, we\u2019re very proud to say that this edition marks our seventh birthday! [PAR] We\u2019re celebrating seven years with a bumper issue. Not only is this edition of your favourite local publication full of celebrity interviews including Darts World Champion Adrian Lewis, top comedians Dave Spikey and Jo Caulfield and punk legend Steve Ignorant. It\u2019s got all the best of local events and an all new Home and Garden section. While the weather is still on the chilly side, the nights are getting brighter, bulbs are starting to sprout and pretty soon lambs will be prancing through the fields. Spring is a time for new beginnings and for many of us it\u2019s a time to say goodbye to the old and hello to the new; with this in mind take a peek at our Home and Garden section. It\u2019s full of helpful hints, tips and advice on how to brighten up your home and get your garden ready for summer. As Easter and the first of the years bank holidays will soon be upon us there\u2019s no excuse not to get the paint brushes or the gardening gloves out. It\u2019s not just your home and garden that need brightening up this season. We\u2019ve got everything you need to know about the latest trends for spring and how to brighten up your wardrobe, your make up bag and your hair style. If you would like to see business feature in the May/June edition of the Guide or any of our other magazines (The Carlisle Guide and The Whitehaven Guide) then get in touch and tell us what you do, we\u2019re already working on it. Ali and the team xxxxx [PAR] Advertising/Distribution Paul Seath T: 01946 816720 paul@theguidemediagroup.com Published by EOL Publications, The Guide Media Group, Phoenix Enterprise Centre, Jacktrees Road, Cleator Moor, Cumbria, CA25 5BD. All feature articles and advertising is copyright of EOL Publishing. Printed by The Magazine Printing Company. Photographer Jim Davies Front Cover Amy Brammall [PAR] Editor Ali Hipkin T: 01946 816 715 ali@theguidemediagroup.com [PAR] GUIDE MAGAZINES [PAR] /workingtonguide @workingtonguide March / April 2015 | 3 [PAR] We Are Celebrating [PAR] 7 Years [PAR] W [PAR] e started up The Guide seven years ago to instill a bit of local pride, celebrate all that Allerdale has to offer and bring local businesses and local people together. We feel like we\u00e2&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve suceeded but none of that would have been possible if it wasn\u00e2&#x20AC;&#x2122;t for our readers and our happy cutomers, the adver tisers you see dotted throughout The Guide; they make it free, they make it possible and they make it happen. So please suppor t them where you can and help us to continue to bring you the best of all things local! [PAR] 4 | The Guide Magazine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the fifth planet from the sun? | Socratic What is the fifth planet from the sun? | Socratic [PAR] What is the fifth planet from the sun? [PAR] Start with a one sentence answer [PAR] Then teach the underlying concepts [PAR] Don't copy without citing sources [PAR] Write a one sentence answer... [PAR] Answer: [PAR] I want someone to double check my answer [PAR] Describe your changes (optional) 200 [PAR] Cancel [PAR] The fifth planet from the Sun is Jupiter. [PAR] Explanation: [PAR] The five planets in order from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Jupiter. There is an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and in earlier days people believed that the fifth planet was residing there. However, the asteroid belt consists of myriads of small bodies down to rocks. The biggest of them is called Ceres and now we recognize Ceres as a dwarf planet. So, strictly speaking, Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. [PAR] Was this helpful? Let the contributor know! [PAR] Yes[DOC] [TLE] What is the fifth planet from the sun? | Reference.com What is the fifth planet from the sun? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the fifth planet from the sun? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The fifth planet from the sun is Jupiter. It is approximately 484 million miles from the sun. This gaseous planet's atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and helium. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system. It has a mean radius of 69.911 kilometers. [PAR] Jupiter also has over 50 moons that include Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. These four large moons are called Galilean satellites because Galileo Galilei was the first person to observe them in 1610. [PAR] A distinct feature of Jupiter is its Great Red Spot, a large and swirling storm system. One year on Jupiter is as long as 12 Earth years."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Canadian-born British Prime Minister, Andrew Bonar Law ... The Canadian-born British Prime Minister, Andrew Bonar Law | Leaders and Legacies [PAR] Home \u00bb Columns \u00bb The Canadian-born British Prime Minister, Andrew Bonar Law [PAR] The Canadian-born British Prime Minister, Andrew Bonar Law [PAR] September 26, 2014 in Columns , Leaders from History Leave a comment [PAR] By Arthur Milnes [PAR] Since his tragic death in 1923, only months after he became Britain\u2019s prime minister, Andrew Bonar Law (who served only 209 days in the UK\u2019s top political job) has not done well in the historical sweepstakes. Despite his significance in British politics during the early part of the 20th century, especially considering his service as Tory leader in the run-up to the First World War and beyond, he has, sadly, remained, \u201cThe Unknown Prime Minister.\u201d [PAR] This sad descriptive is said to have been bequeathed him by Herbert Henry Asquith the very day Bonar Law was interred at Westminster Abbey. Asquith is reputed to have remarked it was very fitting the \u201cUnknown Prime Minister\u201d was buried near the Unknown Soldier in the Abbey. Few biographies have been written, and his name is rarely invoked by either historians or his heirs to leadership in the modern-day British Conservative party. [PAR] Since the Brits have done as much as possible to forget him, it high time we Canadians fill the void. Bonar Law, after all, was the only British prime minister to have been born in Canada \u2014 and the only one ever born outside the U.K. It also has to be noted that his closest friend in adult life was none other than his fellow Canadian Max Aitken, known in British society, and now, before history, as Lord Beaverbrook. [PAR] We should start the campaign to repatriate Bonar Law\u2019s historical reputation back to Canada, where at least we do our best to honour it already. The Presbyterian manse in Rexton, N.B., where the future statesman of Britain and Empire was born on Sept. 16, is already a historic site. (It was called Kingston at the time of Bonar Law\u2019s birth). It is proudly funded by the residents of the tiny village and a few years back the provincial government of New Brunswick provided a generous infusion of funds. (Bonar Law\u2019s father ministered to the congregation there for more than 30 years). [PAR] Open from June until mid-September each year, the Bonar Law Historic Site, restored to interpret life on a 19th century working farm in Canada, boasts free admission, offers guided tours in French or English, has a gift shop, and has a place where visitors can picnic. Thanks to concern for the historical memory of a British prime minister, visitors to the Canadian site will continue in the years ahead to learn about the early years of a British PM. The site is located on Andrew Bonar Law Avenue and features a cairn to honour Bonar Law, which was unveiled in 1925. Though the population of Rexton is only about 1,000 people, the village\u2019s website proudly trumpets the fact that a British prime minister was born there and villagers have taken the time to place a biography of Bonar Law on their homepage. It might not be Trafalgar Square or Chartwell, but it is something. [PAR] So, I have to ask my British friends the age-old question: What have you done for Bonar Law lately? [PAR] Canada\u2019s Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, has done his part. During his historic address to the British Parliament in 2013, Harper invoked Bonar Law. [PAR] \u201cSome will tell you that I am"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Disused Stations: Belfast Great Victoria Street Station Disused Stations: Belfast Great Victoria Street Station [PAR] Date of visit: [PAR] 19.4.2014 [PAR] Notes: Great Victoria Street was the Great Northern Railway of Ireland (GNRI) terminus in the city of Belfast. The GNRI had the second largest railway system on the island of Ireland and part of its network was the main line that linked the cities of Belfast and Dublin. Belfast Great Victoria Street had opened on 12 August 1839 as the northern terminus of the 7\u00bd-mile Ulster Railway (UR) which connected the city to Lisburn. A through route to Dublin was only created when the Dublin & Belfast Junction Railway (D&BJR) opened the final section of its line, a bridge over the river Boyne at Drogheda 5 April 1855 (although a temporary wooden bridge had been in situ during 1853 for the Dublin International Exhibition). [PAR] Belfast Great Victoria Street was located on the west side of the street from which it took its name and at the time of its opening it was known simply as Belfast. The station was a fine sturdy building that had two platforms and three tracks. The exterior was classical in influence, with its main two-storey block linked to shorter two-storey wings by single-storey sections. The ground floor stonework was rusticated and windows were rectangular with elaborate architraves. The upper storeys had round-headed windows with hoods. The central block was topped by a balustrade. The entrance to the main block was projected forward and was also topped by a balustrade and had pairs of impressive columns. A generous porte-coch\u00e8re stood in front of the central block. [PAR] The track gauge of the UR was 6ft 2in. [PAR] At the time of opening there were seven services in each direction between Belfast and Lisburn and on the first day of service 3,000 people were carried. In the early years there were no third class coaches on the UR. [PAR] The UR reached Portadown in 1842. At the same time the Dublin & Drogheda Railway (D&DR) started to build their line using a gauge of 5ft 2in which caused consternation amongst the board of the UR who saw that line as a means of creating a link to Dublin. Major General Pasley RE was called in to arbitrate and he came up with a compromise of 5ft 3in which became the standard gauge for the island of Ireland. The UR had to re-gauge their line at a cost of \u00a320,000. [PAR] In 1848 the UR reached Armagh. [PAR] The March 1850 timetable showed 7 departures and 8 arrivals Mondays-to-Saturdays and 3 trains in each direction on Sundays. [PAR] In 1852 the UR renamed the station Victoria Street as, by that time, two other railway companies had opened termini in the city. The station was renamed Great Victoria Street in 1856 by which time through services were running to Dublin. By 1858 the UR was able to run services to Londonderry. [PAR] Originally there had been a level crossing at the west end of the station but it was replaced with a bridge, named the Boyne bridge, in 1863. [PAR] In 1875 the D&DR and the D&BJR merged to form the Northern Railway of Ireland. A year later the UR agreed to merge and the company became the Great Northern Railway Company Ireland (GNRI). [PAR] By the 1880s the station had been expanded to six platform faces which were protected from the elements by a trainshed roof. Some of the platforms extended to the south side of the Boyne Court bridge. The GNRI network had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Willett - Judiciary of New York Thomas Willett [PAR] First Mayor of New York [PAR] Thomas Willett was born in Norfolk, England in 1610. Because his parents were Puritans (dissenters), his early years were spent in Leyden, Holland and he spoke both English and Dutch fluently, a skill that would prove to be of great importance in his later life. Willett sailed on board the Mayflower to the Plymouth Colony in 1629 and although only 19 years old, he took an active part in the Colony's affairs and held many offices of trust. Around 1640, Willett began trading with the Dutch in New Amsterdam and acquired property both there and in Fort Orange. By 1650, he had a small fleet of ships and traded with Holland and the West Indies. [PAR] Willett was well known to Director-General Stuyvesant, who appointed him to negotiate the Treaty of Hartford on behalf of the Dutch, and the treaty document bears Willett's signature. In 1662, Stuyvesant appointed Willett to another diplomatic mission, this time at Fort Orange, to negotiate a peace treaty with the Mohawk and the Kennebec tribes. [PAR] Amazingly, during all this time, Willett remained part of the English colonial administration in Massachusetts. When Colonel Richard Nicoll's fleet arrived in Long Island, Willett and Governor Winthrop of Connecticut joined his expedition and both were part of the delegation that met with Director-General Stuyvesant to arrange the Articles of Surrender. Nicoll then sent Willett to accept the Dutch surrender of Esopus and Fort Orange and while in the latter settlement, Willett concluded a new treaty between the English and the Iroquois. [PAR] On June 22, 1665, Governor Nicoll appointed Willett as first Mayor of New York, identifying him as the most competent official to effect the transition from Dutch to English rule. As mayor, Willett was chief magistrate of the Mayor's Court and presided over the first jury trial in the New York colony. In 1677, Willett again served as Mayor and was a member of Governor Lovelace's Council, 1668-1673. When the Dutch resumed control of the colony in 1673, much of Willett's property was confiscated by the authorities and he returned to Massachusetts where he died at his home on Narraganset Bay on August 14, 1674. [PAR] A memorial tablet was installed on the main floor of City Hall on November 14, 1913. Surrounded by a grapevine border with the coat-of-arms of the City of New York at the time of Mayor Willett's service, it bears the following inscription: [PAR] MDCX Thomas Willett MDCLXXIV [PAR] The First Mayor of New York [PAR] Under a Patent granted by James, Duke of York, he [PAR] was appointed in 1665 for a one year term by [PAR] Governor Richard Nicolls and served a second term in 1667. [PAR] SOURCES [PAR] Elizur Yale Smith. Captain Thomas Willett, First Mayor of New York. New York History, Vol. 21, No. 4, October 1940 [PAR] New York (State). Legislature. Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, Leg. Doc. No. 57 (1914)[DOC] [TLE] The Last Will and Testament of Thomas Willet, 1st Mayor of ... The Last Will and Testament of Thomas Willet, 1st Mayor of New York City, 1674 | The Lives of my Ancestors [PAR] The Last Will and Testament of Thomas Willet, 1st Mayor of New York City, 1674 [PAR] Famous Family Connections [PAR] The Last Will and Testament of Thomas Willet, 1st Mayor of New York City, 1674 [PAR] The English renamed the colony New York, after the king\u2019s brother James, Duke of York and on June 12, 1665 appointed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sara Dylan (Actress) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Sara Dylan (Actress) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Sara Dylan [PAR] Female [PAR] Born Oct 28, 1939 [PAR] Sara Dylan, born Shirley Marlin Noznisky (or Novoletsky) and later known as Sara Lownds, was the first wife of singer-songwriter Bob Dylan and mother of singer Jakob Dylan. She was married to Bob Dylan from November 1965 until June 1977. [PAR] related links [PAR] Anne Margaret Daniel: The Rhymers' Club, Part One: Bob Dylan And Edgar Allan Poe [PAR] Huffington Post - Jun 29, 2013 [PAR] '\\n \\n\\n Before you begin reading, please listen to this link of Bob Dylan\\'s Theme Time Radio Hour, Episode 35, \\\"Women\\'s Names.\\\" It\\'s Dylan reading Edgar Allan Poe\\'s last poem, \\\"Annabel Lee,\\\" to the appropriate accompaniment of seagulls and the sound of waves in the background. \\n\\n Would you like to understand Bob Dylan? Get in line -- folks have been wanting this for the past half century and good luck. You can, however, understand, and appreciate more through his view of ... [PAR] Serial Murder Suspect: 'i'm Not The Monster They Say Killed These Women' [PAR] Huffington Post - Jun 18, 2013 [PAR] '\\n SAN RAFAEL, Calif. -- Joseph Naso, serving as his own attorney in his trial for the decades-old killings of four women, used his opening statement to give jurors a thorough personal history, replete with childhood photos, saying he is not the \\\"monster\\\" prosecutors have made him out to be. \\n\\n The 79-year-old defendant\\'s opening statement Monday came after prosecutors spent the morning showing graphic images of the four women\\'s bodies discovered in Northern California, leading... [PAR] Edward M. Weinman: You're Not Here [PAR] Huffington Post - Jan 22, 2013 [PAR] '\\n It\\'s about 30 minutes before Sleuth debuts at the 2007 Venice Film Festival. After too many drinks, I find myself downstairs in the theater\\'s bathroom, in front of a urinal, unzipping my trousers to relive myself when who should walk in but Michael Caine. \\n\\n Talk about stage fright. This is Sir Michael Fu**ing Caine. He\\'s that intimidating. \\n\\n Sleuth, co-starring Caine and the ubiquitous Jude Law (directed by Kenneth Branagh), was not nearly as notable as my bathroom encoun... [PAR] Five Things You Need To Know Today, June 22 [PAR] Chelmsford Patch - Jun 22, 2012 [PAR] ' Today is Friday, June 22. Here are five things you need to know today: \\r\\n 1. Heat wave:\u00c2 Today will be sunny with a high of 92 degrees, and the third day of temperatures over 90 degrees. \\r\\n 2. Live entertainment:\u00c2 Tonight\u00c2 Live Entertainment at the Cafe Madrid\u00c2 starts at 6:30 p.m. \\r\\n \u00c2 3. Fencing:\u00c2 Is your child interested in fencing? An\u00c2 Introduction to Fencing Class will be offered this summer. \\r\\n 4. Blogs:\u00c2 Thanks to our local state rep candidates, most recently Mara Dolan, for blogging ... [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Sara Dylan. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1939 Birth Born on October 25, 1939. [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1956 16 Years Old He was shot dead by a drunken fellow East European immigrant on November 18, 1956. \u2026 Read More [PAR] Sara Noznisky had one brother Julius, sixteen years her senior. Read Less [PAR] Show Less [PAR] \u2026 [PAR] Sara Dylan (born October 25, 1939 as Shirley Marlin Noznisky), is the first wife of singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. Read Less [PAR] In 1959, Noznisky was wed to magazine photographer Hans Lownds, during which time she was known as Sara Lownds. [PAR] In 1959, Sara moved to New York City and quickly married magazine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Farce - definition of farce by The Free Dictionary Farce - definition of farce by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Farce - definition of farce by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/farce [PAR] Related to farce: farce comedy [PAR] farce [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. [PAR] a. A light dramatic work in which highly improbable plot situations, exaggerated characters, and often slapstick elements are used for humorous effect. [PAR] b. The branch of literature constituting such works. [PAR] c. The broad or spirited humor characteristic of such works. [PAR] 2. A ludicrous, empty show; a mockery: The fixed election was a farce. [PAR] 3. A seasoned stuffing, as for roasted turkey. [PAR] tr.v. farced, farc\u00b7ing, farc\u00b7es [PAR] 1. To pad (a speech, for example) with jokes or witticisms. [PAR] 2. To stuff, as for roasting. [PAR] [Middle English farse, stuffing, from Old French farce, stuffing, interpolation, interlude, from Vulgar Latin *farsa, from feminine of Latin farsus, variant of fartus, past participle of farc\u012bre, to stuff.] [PAR] farce [PAR] 1. (Theatre) a broadly humorous play based on the exploitation of improbable situations [PAR] 2. (Theatre) the genre of comedy represented by works of this kind [PAR] 3. a ludicrous situation or action [PAR] 4. (Cookery) Also: farcemeat another name for forcemeat [PAR] vb (tr) [PAR] 5. to enliven (a speech, etc) with jokes [PAR] 6. (Cookery) to stuff (meat, fowl, etc) with forcemeat [PAR] [C14 (in the sense: stuffing): from Old French, from Latin farc\u012bre to stuff, interpolate passages (in the mass, in religious plays, etc)] [PAR] farce [PAR] n., v. farced, farc\u2022ing. n. [PAR] 1. a comedy based on unlikely situations and exaggerated effects. [PAR] 2. humor of the type displayed in such works. [PAR] 3. a foolish or meaningless show; ridiculous sham; mockery. [PAR] 4. a stuffing; forcemeat. [PAR] 5. to enliven (a speech or composition), esp. with witty material. [PAR] 6. to stuff; cram. [PAR] [1300\u201350; Middle English fars stuffing < Middle French farce < Vulgar Latin *farsa, n. use of feminine of Latin. farsus stuffed, past participle of farc\u012bre to stuff] [PAR] farce [PAR] - First meant forcemeat stuffing and came to be used metaphorically when a humorous play was \"stuffed\" in between two more serious acts of the main theatrical presentation\u2014or for interludes of impromptu buffoonery in a dramatic presentation. [PAR] See also related terms for metaphor . [PAR] forcemeat , farce - A highly seasoned mixture containing chopped meat, forcemeat is an alteration of farcemeat, \"stuffing,\" and has a synonym\u2014farce. [PAR] See also related terms for stuffing . [PAR] farce [PAR] I will have been farcing [PAR] you will have been farcing [PAR] he/she/it will have been farcing [PAR] we will have been farcing [PAR] you will have been farcing [PAR] they will have been farcing [PAR] Past Perfect Continuous [PAR] A humorous play whose structure consists of character stereotypes, mishaps, coinincidences, innuendo and embarrassing disclosures. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] comedy - light and humorous drama with a happy ending [PAR] 2. [PAR] farce - mixture of ground raw chicken and mushrooms with pistachios and truffles and onions and parsley and lots of butter and bound with eggs [PAR] stuffing , dressing - a mixture of seasoned ingredients used to stuff meats and vegetables [PAR] Verb [PAR] cookery , cooking , preparation - the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat; \"cooking can be a great art\"; \"people are needed who have experience in cookery\"; \"he left the preparation of meals to his wife\" [PAR] stuff - fill tightly with a material; \"stuff a pillow with feathers\" [PAR] fill , fill up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] satyriasis - definition and meaning satyriasis - definition and meaning [PAR] satyriasis [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] n. Excessive, often uncontrollable sexual desire in and behavior by a man. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] n. Uncontrollable sexual desire, found in a man (contrast to nymphomania) [PAR] n. The quality of excessive sexual passion in a male [PAR] from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] n. Immoderate venereal appetite in the male. [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] n. A diseased and unrestrainable venereal appetite in men, corresponding to nymphomania in women. [PAR] n. In pathology, lepra."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Dickens Biography - cliffsnotes.com Charles Dickens Biography [PAR] Charles Dickens Biography [PAR] Bookmark this page Manage My Reading List [PAR] Charles Dickens (1812-70) was born in Portsmouth, on the south coast of England, but his family moved to Chatham while he was still very young. His most pleasant childhood years were spent in Chatham, and re-creations of these scenes appear in a disguised form in many of his novels. His father, John Dickens, was a minor clerk in the Navy Pay Office and, like Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield, was constantly in debt. [PAR] In 1822, John Dickens was transferred to London, but debts continued to pile up, and the family was forced to sell household items in order to pay some of the creditors. Young Charles made frequent trips to the pawnshop, but eventually his father was arrested and sent to debtors' prison, and at the age of twelve, he was sent to work in a blacking warehouse, where he pasted labels on bottles for six shillings a week. [PAR] This experience was degrading for the young boy, and Dickens later wrote: \"No words can express the secret agony of my soul. I felt my early hopes of growing up to be a learned and distinguished man, crushed in my breast.\" The situation is an exact parallel to David Copperfield's plight at the wine warehouse. Even after his father was released from prison and the family inherited some money, his mother wanted him to continue with his job. [PAR] Later, for two and a half years, Dickens attended school at Wellington House Academy, and then in 1827, at the age of fifteen, he began work as a clerk in a law office and taught himself shorthand so he could report court debates. At the same time, he was learning about life in London and frequently attended the theater, even taking acting lessons for a short time. [PAR] Meanwhile, Dickens had fallen in love with Maria Beadnell, a frivolous young girl whose father objected to his daughter's being courted by a young reporter from a lower middle-class background. Nothing came of this relationship, but it probably intensified Dickens' efforts to make something of himself. In 1832, he began working as a parliamentary reporter for two London newspapers, and two years later, he joined a new paper, the Morning Chronicle, where he was asked to write a series of sketches about London life. This request resulted in Sketches by Boz, which appeared in installments that were later, in 1836, published in book form. Dickens' career as an author was begun. This led to an offer to write a monthly newspaper series about a group of humorous English clubmen. These pieces became The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, and after they appeared, Dickens' reputation as a writer was assured. [PAR] He now felt financially secure and quit his job as a parliamentary reporter to devote all his time to writing. He married Catherine Hogarth in April 1836; however, the marriage was never a happy one and Dickens separated from his wife twenty years later. [PAR] His writing output increased, and a number of novels, including Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby, were published \u2014 first in monthly installments and then as novels. By the 1840s, Dickens was the most popular writer in England. In 1849, he began one of his most important novels, David Copperfield. His friend John Forster proposed that he tell the story in the first person, and this suggestion proved to be a perfect method for Dickens to fictionalize the background of his early life. David"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Menstruation and the menstrual cycle fact sheet ... Menstruation and the menstrual cycle | womenshealth.gov [PAR] Menstruation and the menstrual cycle [PAR] Menstruation and the menstrual cycle [PAR] To receive Publications email updates [PAR] Enter email [PAR] Submit [PAR] Menstruation and the menstrual cycle [PAR] Menstruation is a woman's monthly bleeding. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of the uterus (womb). Learn how the menstrual cycle works and what to do if you have painful or irregular periods. [PAR] Expand all [PAR] Collapse all [PAR] What is menstruation? [PAR] Menstruation (men-STRAY-shuhn) is a woman's monthly bleeding. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of the uterus (womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the small opening in the cervix and passes out of the body through the vagina ( see how the menstrual cycle works below ). Most menstrual periods last from 3 to 5 days. [PAR] What is the menstrual cycle? [PAR] When periods (menstruations) come regularly, this is called the menstrual cycle. Having regular menstrual cycles is a sign that important parts of your body are working normally. The menstrual cycle provides important body chemicals, called hormones, to keep you healthy. It also prepares your body for pregnancy each month. A cycle is counted from the first day of 1 period to the first day of the next period. The average menstrual cycle is 28 days long. Cycles can range anywhere from 21 to 35 days in adults and from 21 to 45 days in young teens. [PAR] The rise and fall of levels of hormones during the month control the menstrual cycle. [PAR] What happens during the menstrual cycle? [PAR] In the first half of the cycle, levels of estrogen (the \"female hormone\") start to rise. Estrogen plays an important role in keeping you healthy, especially by helping you to build strong bones and to help keep them strong as you get older. Estrogen also makes the lining of the uterus (womb) grow and thicken. This lining of the womb is a place that will nourish the embryo if a pregnancy occurs. At the same time the lining of the womb is growing, an egg, or ovum, in one of the ovaries starts to mature. At about day 14 of an average 28-day cycle, the egg leaves the ovary. This is called ovulation. [PAR] After the egg has left the ovary, it travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. Hormone levels rise and help prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy. A woman is most likely to get pregnant during the 3 days before or on the day of ovulation. Keep in mind, women with cycles that are shorter or longer than average may ovulate before or after day 14. [PAR] A woman becomes pregnant if the egg is fertilized by a man's sperm cell and attaches to the uterine wall. If the egg is not fertilized, it will break apart. Then, hormone levels drop, and the thickened lining of the uterus is shed during the menstrual period. [PAR] See how the menstrual cycle works. [PAR] What is a typical menstrual period like? [PAR] During your period, you shed the thickened uterine lining and extra blood through the vagina. Your period may not be the same every month. It may also be different than other women's periods. Periods can be light, moderate, or heavy in terms of how much blood comes out of the vagina. This is called menstrual flow. The length of the period also varies. Most periods last from 3 to 5 days. But, anywhere from 2 to 7"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Legends of Hockey -- NHL Player Search -- Player ... Legends of Hockey -- NHL Player Search -- Player -- Nicklas Lidstrom [PAR] Nicklas E. Lidstrom [PAR] Born April 28, 1970, Nicklas Lidstrom is one of the very few elite hockey players to have joined the Triple Gold Club, representing an Olympic gold medal, a World Championship victory and a Stanley Cup win. Lidstrom monopolized the Norris Trophy as the league's best defenceman during his 20-season NHL career and the Hockey News selected him as the 'Best European-trained player ever in the NHL.' The Swedish-born defenceman spent three seasons with VIK Vasteras HK in the Swedish Elite League, and was drafted 53rd overall by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft. [PAR] Lidstrom joined the Detroit Red Wings in 1991-92, where he earned a Calder Trophy nomination and was named to the NHL's All-Rookie Team. He would go on to play his entire 20-season career with the Detroit Red Wings, collecting extraordinary accolades along the way. One of the greatest defencemen of all time, Lidstrom was awarded the James Norris Memorial Trophy as the league's best blueliner on seven occasions. Only Bobby Orr with eight and Doug Harvey with seven can match Lidstrom's feat. He was selected to the NHL's First All-Star Team on ten occasions and twice was named to the Second All-Star Team. [PAR] With the exception of the 2004-05 lockout season, Lidstrom participated in the playoffs for 20 consecutive seasons, an NHL record he shares with Larry Robinson. He played in 263 playoff games (three shy of Chris Chelios's record) and was a member of four Stanley Cup championship teams (1997, 1998, 2002 and 2008). Nicklas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff's most valuable player in 2002 and in 2008 became the first European-born captain of a Stanley Cup champion. [PAR] For the last six seasons of his career, Lidstrom captained the Red Wings, replacing the legendary Steve Yzerman upon his retirement. He holds several Red Wings' franchise records, including games played by a defenceman, most regular season goals, assists and points by a defenceman (264, 878 and 1,142), most playoff games (263), goals (54), assists (129) and points (183) by a defenceman. The Detroit Red Wings retired his number 5 on March 6, 2014. [PAR] Lidstrom's international accomplishments are equally impressive. Prior to his NHL career, Lidstrom competed for Sweden in the World Junior Championship in 1990 and in the 1991 Canada Cup, contributed to a gold medal for his country. After joining the Detroit Red Wings, he was a member of the gold medal-winning Swedish entry at the 1991 World Championships. In 1994, he helped Sweden to the bronze medal at the World Championships and led his homeland to silver at the same tournament in 2004. He also participated with Sweden at the World Cup of Hockey in 1996 and 2004. [PAR] A four time Olympian, Lidstrom made his Olympic debut with Sweden at the 1998 Winter Olympic Games. He would also compete for his country at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Olympic Winter Games, earning gold in 2006 to gain entry to the prestigious Triple Gold Club. He was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Hall of Fame in 2014. [PAR] REGULAR SEASON[DOC] [TLE] Nicklas Lidstrom - ESPN: The Worldwide Leader in Sports Nicklas Lidstrom Stats, News, Videos, Highlights, Pictures, Bio - - ESPN [PAR] As Kobe Bryant wraps up his two-decade career as a Laker, we tip our caps to 11 stars who played their 20th season with the same team in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The History Of The Hovercraft - Christopher Cockerell Christopher Cockerell and the History of the Hovercraft [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 17, 2016. [PAR] A hovercraft is a vehicle supported on a cushion of air supplied by a powered fan mounted on the craft. [PAR] The hovercraft was invented by Christopher Cockerell in 1956. The theory behind one of the most successful inventions of the 20th century, the Hovercraft, was originally tested in 1955 using an empty KiteKat cat food tin inside a coffee tin, an industrial air blower and a pair of kitchen scales. Sir Christopher Cockerell developed the first practical hovercraft designs, these led to the first hovercraft to be produced commercially, the SRN1. [PAR] Cockerell's idea was to build a vehicle that would move over the water's surface, floating on a layer of air. This would reduce friction between the water and vehicle. To test his hypothesis, he put one a smaller can inside a larger can and used a hairdryer to blow air into them. The downward thrust produced was greater when one can was inside the other rather than air just being blown into one can. [PAR] Background [PAR] Cockerell was born in 1910 in Cambridge, where his father, Sir Sydney Cockerell, was a museum curator. Christopher Cockerell went to the primary school of St. Faith's. He studied at Gresham's School in Holt, Norfolk. He matriculated to Peterhouse, Cambridge, to read mechanical engineering and was tutored by William Dobson Womersley. He later returned to Cambridge to study radio and electronics. [PAR] Cockerell worked for the Radio Research Company until 1935 and then for the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company from 1935 until 1951. During the war years, Cockerell worked with an elite team at Marconi to develop radar, a development which Churchill believed had a significant effect on the outcome of the Second World War, and Cockerell believed to be one of his greatest achievements. While at Marconi, Cockerell patented 36 of his ideas. Hel was knighted for his achievement in 1969. [PAR] The Hovercraft [PAR] It occurred to Cockerell that if the entire craft were lifted from the water, the craft would effectively have no drag. This, he hoped, would give the craft the ability to attain a much higher maximum speed than could be achieved by the boats of the time. [PAR] Cockerell's theory was that instead of just pumping air under the craft, as previous inventors had, if the air were to be instead channelled to form a narrow jet around the perimeter of the craft, the moving air would form a momentum curtain, a wall of moving air that would limit the amount of air that would leak out. This meant that the same cushion of high-pressure air could be maintained by a very much smaller engine; and for the first time, a craft could be lifted completely out of the water. He tested his theories using a vacuum cleaner and two tin cans. His hypothesis was found to have potential, but the idea took some years to develop, and he was forced to sell personal possessions to finance his research."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] B&Q logo | Logok B&Q logo | Logok [PAR] Tourism logo [PAR] B&Q logo [PAR] Founded in 1969 by Richard Block and David Quayle, B&Q is a British multinational DIY and home improvement retailing company, is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Kingfisher. [PAR] The current C&A logo was modified by Saffron Brand Consultants in 2011. Founded by brothers ... [PAR] 21 Sep [PAR] Best Buy is an American consumer electronics retail corporation founded by Richard M. Schulze and ... [PAR] 29 Oct [PAR] Founded in 1978, The Home Depot is an American retailer of home improvement and construction ... [PAR] 02 Dec [PAR] Founded by Zhang Jindong in 1990, Suning is a Chinese largest privately owned retailers principally ... [PAR] 15 Dec [PAR] Founded in 1950, YKM is the first department store in Turkey and also the biggest ... [PAR] 13 Nov [PAR] Founded in 1979, Muji (\u7121\u5370\u826f\u54c1) is a Japanese retail company which sells a wide variety ... [PAR] 02 May [PAR] Founded by Dr. Frank J. Devlyn in 1936, Devlyn is a family-owned optical retailer with ... [PAR] 04 Mar [PAR] Founded in 1887 as Albert Heijn grocery store in Oostzaan, Koninklijke Ahold is a Dutch ... [PAR] \\\\ [PAR] Recent logo [PAR] Waymo logo The Waymo logo was designed by Manual and Waymo In-house. Founded in December 2016, Waymo ... [PAR] Juventus logo The cuurent bold Juventus logo was released on January 16, 2017, and... [PAR] ENO logo The current ENO logo was redesigned in 2016 from its 1991 prototype... [PAR] Adnoc logo The current Adnoc logo was released on 1 November 2016. Founded in... [PAR] Citro\u00ebn logo The current Citro\u00ebn logo launched on Oct 2016, a new, flat-design 2D... [PAR] Featured logo[DOC] [TLE] B And Q Current Retail Scenario In India Marketing Essay B And Q Current Retail Scenario In India Marketing Essay [PAR] B And Q Current Retail Scenario In India Marketing Essay [PAR] Published: [PAR] Last Edited: [PAR] 23rd March, 2015 [PAR] This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. [PAR] B and Q was the first national DIY retailer and has been in the DIY business for more than 30 years. Richard Block and David Quayle (B andQ) founded it in 1969. They wanted to bring value, longer opening hours and a broader product range to everyone. They opened their first store in Southampton which was called Block and Quayle, later shortened to B&Q. In the 1980s it bought the Scottish DIY chain Dodge City and eventually became part of the Kingfisher Group. Kingfisher's roots go back to 1982 with the acquisition of FW Woolworth by Paternoster. With the deal came a relatively small chain of home improvement stores called B&Q. It was the start of a decade of major expansion which created one of Europe's biggest and broadest retail conglomerates. Meanwhile B&Q expanded its out of town presence to become the leading home improvement retailer in the UK. Today, the Company employs over 36,000 people in over 320 UK stores. It operates two kinds of stores. The larger B&Q Warehouses cater for keen DIY people and trade. They offer a wide range of products and staff expertise. The smaller B&Q Supercentres are convenient for most people to pop into for their everyday needs. B&Q has become an international company. In 1996 it opened a store in Taiwan and in 1998 merged with France's leading DIY retailer Castorama to become the largest DIY retailer in Europe. In June 1999, a B&Q store was opened in Shanghai."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Linkin Park: Minutes To Midnight - Music on Google Play Linkin Park: Minutes to Midnight - Music on Google Play [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Bryan Counts July 22, 2014 [PAR] Best lp album Seriously if you want Chester's throat shredding screams listen to bleed it out. This one is too good to hate on. I mean it has like 5 of my all time favorite songs on it. Personally I like the mainstream poppy sound better than the screamo rock sound. But this album is definitely a masterpiece in my book [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Dustin Shook May 12, 2014 [PAR] Love it I like every song on the album if i had to pick the least favorites would be: wake, in between and valentines day. Alot of LP fans whine about them changing. I think that is what makes them great is their ability to play all kinds of music. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Scott Wood February 18, 2014 [PAR] Lost Their Way With This One People call A Thousand Suns their 'Kid A Moment' but I think this album would be better suited to that description. For me LP are first and for most an electronic rock band, and this album took most of those synthetic elements out of the equation. Don't get me wrong, I like pure rock music, nothing but guitar bass and drums etc, but LP's forte is their ability to create unique and original electronic music and unfortunaltey it does not translate well in to this more organic effort. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Chris Martin January 9, 2016 [PAR] WTH? Five good tracks, one OK track and six bad ones. That's how I rate Minutes to Midnight. I guess everybody's side projects and other distractions caused Linkin Park to lose their signature sound of their first two albums. In my opinion, they should have stayed with it. They should have stayed with the mix of Rap and Nu Metal that made them popular. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] J. Matthew May 31, 2014 [PAR] The mature side of Linkin Park. Personally, this is my favorite album from them. Rock is branching into new sub-genres, and at this generation rock is getting more irrelevant, especially to younger audiences. What makes LP special is its ability to evolve and adapt to new things. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] I'm Normal July 29, 2016 [PAR] Incredible Captivating and innovative. They have the guts to change their sound. Not many bands would change what works. And I appreciate that they had the guts to do what they love. I just wish that No Roads Left and Across The Line made the cut instead of just being a deluxe version song since Google Play never has the deluxe versions of albums. Which sucks come on Google get it together and give us what we really want. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] joseph stalin April 6, 2014 [PAR] I like how This album has both hard rock and soft rock. From given up to leave out all the rest, this album is like meteora mixed with a thousand suns. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] September 9, 2013 [PAR] AWESOME This was a really great album! I bought it the week it came out, listened to it once, let someone borrow it and then I never saw it again... :( Hahaha ; seriously [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Victor Ramirez April 10, 2014 [PAR] Linkin Park This album really reminds me of life and its gifts it has to offer. Though life may bring you down sometimes, you just got to get back up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is the Everton soccer team called the Toffees ... Why is the Everton soccer team called the Toffees? | Reference.com [PAR] Why is the Everton soccer team called the Toffees? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Nobody knows for sure, but many people believe the Everton soccer team is called the Toffees because a shop owner used to give toffee to fans during game days. Despite the unclear origin, the nickname has stuck around. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Everton soccer team is named after a small village that was part of Old England in the northwest region of the country. Later, it merged into Liverpool, which is now where the soccer team plays its home games at Goodison Park, which can hold more than 40,000 fans. [PAR] The team colors are blue and white, although they wear black during away games. In the 2012-13 season, the team took 6th place with their leading scorer, Marouane Fellaini.[DOC] [TLE] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] A selection of the weird and wonderful club nicknames in world soccer [PAR] Juventus' nickname reflects a long and successful history. Valerio Pennicino / Getty Images [PAR] By Stewart Coggin [PAR] Updated April 23, 2016. [PAR] The origins of some soccer club nicknames are fascinating, often unique to a certain area or moment in history. It is common for clubs to have a variety of nicknames, but here are 10 of the most interesting ones. [PAR] Arsenal (the Gunners) [PAR] The club was formed in 1886 by workers at Woolwich Arsenal Armament Factory. Initially called Dial Square, the club would be renamed as Woolwich Arsenal before dropping the prefix in 1913. The connection to the Armament Factory remained despite the club moving to north London, and they are still known as the Gunners. [PAR] River Plate (millionaires) [PAR] The Argentinean giants became known as Los Millionaros (millionaires) after they moved from Boca, a working class district of Buenos Aires to a wealthier area in 1938. [PAR] The Spanish club are known as Los Colchoneros (the mattress makers) because their shirts resemble a traditional pattern on Spanish mattresses. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Fastest Miles Ever Run [PAR] Everton (the Toffees or Toffeemen) [PAR] There are several explanations for the origin of this moniker. Some believe it hails from a toffee shop near the ground which sold the Everton Mint, while another explanation is that \u2018Toffees\u2019 was a nickname for the Irish, of whom there were many in Liverpool. [PAR] FC Koln (billy goats) [PAR] The club were founded in one of the working class districts of the Rhineland city, and goat is a derogatory name for the poor. Geissbock (billy goat) stuck and Koln still parade a mascot goat called Hennes \u2013 after former coach Hennes Weisweiler \u2013 before every home match. [PAR] Nimes (the Crocodiles) [PAR] The emblem of the French city is a crocodile tied to a palm tree. Nimes was once a favorite resting place of Roman soldiers who had conquered Egypt (the crocodile stands for Egypt and the palm symbolizes victory). The shirt has a crocodile graphic on the body. [PAR] Ipswich Town (the Tractor Boys) [PAR] The English club are widely known as the \u2018Blues\u2019 or \u2018Town\u2019, but acquired a new nickname during their first appearance in the Premier League. Ipswich are called The Tractor Boys because of the agricultural links to the area. When they played Birmingham City, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russell Brand, Katy Perry Married in India | TheLedger.com Russell Brand, Katy Perry Married in India - News - The Ledger - Lakeland, FL [PAR] Russell Brand, Katy Perry Married in India [PAR] Saturday [PAR] Oct 23, 2010 at 10:55 AM [PAR] By PRAKASH BHANDARITHE ASSOCIATED PRESS [PAR] RANTHAMBHORE NATIONAL PARK, India | British comedian Russell Brand and American pop singer Katy Perry were married today in a traditional Hindu wedding ceremony at a luxury resort in a tiger reserve in northwestern India. [PAR] A Hindu priest conducted the ceremony, which was attended by family and close friends of the celebrity couple, a hotel official said on condition of anonymity as he was not authorized to speak to the media. [PAR] Security has been stringent with private security guards stationed at the resort and other nearby hotels where guests and the couple are staying for the six-day wedding celebration. [PAR] Photographers and media reporters were not allowed into the Aman-e-Khas wildlife retreat. The couple have given the exclusive coverage rights to a London magazine, and no other photographers or journalists will be allowed into the resort. [PAR] The wedding venue was lit up with lamps, colorful lights illuminated the trees and flower garlands festooned the luxury tents at the resort. [PAR] Both Brand and Perry wore traditional Indian clothes to the wedding. Perry donned a sari, as did a number of other female guests at the ceremony. On Friday, at a prenuptial celebration, Perry, like a typical Indian bride, had henna designs applied on her palms and hands. [PAR] Meanwhile, a four-member committee had been set up to check noise pollution from the wedding celebration and ensure that animals in the wildlife reserve in India\u2019s Rajasthan state are not disturbed, said Ravi Kumar, a district official. [PAR] The Ranthambhore National Park, where the resort is located, is home to a host of wildlife species including tigers, leopards, wild boars, hyenas and sloth bears. [PAR] Press Trust of India news agency said 21 camels, elephants and horses formed part of Brand\u2019s wedding procession from Sher Bagh, another nearby luxury resort, to the Aman-e-Khas. The procession was accompanied by traditional Indian dancers and musicians. [PAR] Brand proposed to Perry in the historic Indian city of Jaipur over New Year\u2019s Eve, and the couple decided to get married in India. [PAR] About Us[DOC] [TLE] Katy Perry Biography (Singer) - Fact Monster Katy Perry Biography (Singer) [PAR] Best known as: The saucy singer of \"I Kissed a Girl\" [PAR] Name at birth: Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson [PAR] Katy Perry's sort-of-naughty single \"I Kissed a Girl\" was a big summer hit in 2008 and made the vampish singer a star. Lyrics like \"The taste of her cherry Chapstick / I kissed a girl just to try it / I hope my boyfriend don't mind\" won Perry fans, critics, and plenty of lucrative attention; The Times called the song a \"lipgloss-lesbian anthem.\" The middle child of two evangelical ministers, Katy Perry sang in her parents' church until she was 16, when she got a GED, left high school, and began chasing a music career in Nashville. Her 2001 gospel rock album, Katy Hudson, was a flop. But she moved to Los Angeles, changed her stage name to Katy Perry and her style to straight pop, and began perfecting a wide-eyed enthusiasm that was one-third Betty Boop and two-thirds Bettie Page . (Blender magazine has called her style \"thrift-store bombshell.\") Perry had a modest hit with the 2007 EP Ur So Gay. That set the stage for her multi-platinum 2008 album One of the Boys, with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958) - IMDb The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958) [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia: [PAR] The real Gladys Aylward (1902 - 1970), born in London, was a former domestic turned missionary in China, best known for her work with children. She became a Chinese citizen in 1936. Four years later, despite being in ill health herself, she shepherded over 100 children over the mountains to safety at the height of the Sino-Japanese war. In 1958, the year this film was released, she founded a children's home in Taiwan, which she continued to run until her death. Known in China as \"Ai-weh-deh\", or \"Virtous One\", she continues to be regarded as a national heroine. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs: [PAR] Errors in geography: Eagle eyed viewers will see many plants in this film which are not commonly found growing wild in China. The location was partly chosen, because Portmeirion had certain Chinese plants growing near it, such as rhododendrons. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes: [PAR] [first lines] [PAR] Gladys Aylward :My name is Gladys Aylward. I've written to the head of the missionary society. His reply stated that he'd see me if I ever came to London. If he's busy, I can wait."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Montreal, 1976 Olympics - Topend Sports Montreal, 1976 Olympics [PAR] Montreal, 1976 Olympic Games [PAR] The 1976 Olympic Games were held in Montreal, Canada. [PAR] 26 African countries boycotted the Games in response to New Zealand's inclusion. Earlier that year a New Zealand team had undertaken a three-month rugby tour of the racially segregated South Africa, but the IOC refused to ban them. [PAR] The Soviet Union lead the medal count, followed by the U.S. and East Germany. See the 1976 Medal Count . [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The original estimated cost of the Montreal Games had been $310 million, but labor problems, financial mismanagement, the addition of an extravagant stadium, and other expenses - plus increased security, clearly needed after the events of Munich - increased the price tag past $1.5 billion. [PAR] Canada barred the Republic of China (Taiwan) team from the country, then allowed them to enter if they agreed not to compete as \"the Republic of China\". The Taiwanese considered this unacceptable and withdraw. [PAR] Athletes [PAR] Five American boxers won gold medals, including three future world boxing champs: Ray Leonard, Michael Spinks, and Leon Spinks. [PAR] No gymnast had ever achieved a perfect score of 10, until 14 year old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci scored perfect 10's seven times at the 1976-Montreal games, also bagging three gold medals, plus a silver and a bronze on the way. [PAR] The only female competitor not to have to submit to a sex test at the 1976 Summer Olympics was Princess Anne of the UK, who was competing as a member of the UK equestrian team. As the daughter Queen Elizabeth II, such a test was seen as inappropriate. [PAR] Share:[DOC] [TLE] Olympics :History of the Modern Games - 1976 Montreal Olympic Shoes: Olympics :History of the Modern Games - 1976 Montreal [PAR] Olympic Shoes [PAR] The modern Olympiad has become a global focus for sport and commercial marketing thus fulfilling the primary objective of the originators of the Modern Games. Shoes play a vital part and Cameron Kippen, foot savant and shoe historian casts an informed eye on past events of the Summer Olympic Games. [PAR] Friday, July 27, 2012 [PAR] Olympics :History of the Modern Games - 1976 Montreal [PAR] The XXI Olympiad was held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. The first Olympic Games to be held in Canada they were opened by Elizabeth II, as head of state of Canada. The Canadian Olympics were full of controversy and ran well over budget. [PAR] The Olympic Flame was \"electronically\" transmitted via satellite from Athens to Ottawa, by means of an electronic pulse derived from the actual burning flame. From Ottawa, it was carried by hand to Montreal. After a rainstorm doused the Olympic flame a few days after the games had opened, an official relit the flame using his cigarette lighter. Organizers quickly doused it again and relit it using a backup of the original flame. [PAR] The games were marred by an African boycott involving 22 countries. The boycott was organised by Tanzania to protest the fact that the New Zealand rugby team had toured apartheid South Africa and that New Zealand was scheduled to compete in the Olympic Games. The ABC broadcast of the Summer Olympic Games in Montreal live to the US with an unprecedented 77 hours of coverage. [PAR] The mascot for Montreal Olympics was Amik the friendly beaver. [PAR] When the Israeli team walked into the stadium at the Opening Ceremonies, their national flag was adorned with a black ribbon in commemoration of the 1972 Munich massacre. [PAR] Super"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] polygyny | marriage | Britannica.com polygyny | marriage | Britannica.com [PAR] Polygyny [PAR] Wilford Woodruff [PAR] Polygyny, marriage in which two or more women share a husband. Sororal polygyny, in which the cowives are sisters, is often the preferred form because sisters are thought to be more mutually supportive and less argumentative than nonsiblings. A typical rule for sororal polygyny is that the eldest girl in a family marries first and that as they come of age her younger sisters join her as cowives; this was a practice in at least 40 Native American cultures during the 19th century. [PAR] Polygyny has several economic, social, and health advantages over monogamy . In most cultures, women contribute significantly to the wealth of the household and can thus materially benefit from the labour of an additional spouse. Where mortality rates of men consistently exceed those of women, polygyny can be seen as a resolution to the \u201cdeficit\u201d of males and the \u201csurplus\u201d of females. [PAR] Socially, cowives and their children may accrue enhanced status and prestige as members of a large (and therefore inherently prosperous) household. In societies that provide no institutionalized role for unmarried women, the status of a cowife may be preferable to that of a single woman. [PAR] Polygyny can also have a positive effect on maternal and child health. During postpartum recovery, for instance, cowives can usually rely upon each other to perform the most strenuous work of the household. By creating opportunities for sexual companionship among the other members of the marriage, polygyny also supports the once common expectation that women will remain sexually abstinent for two or more years beginning in the last months of pregnancy (or upon parturition ). This practice fosters adequate birth spacing for the mother to recover from the physiological and emotional stresses associated with pregnancy, lactation , and the care of a young child. [PAR] Despite certain advantages to both sexes, polygynous families can be fraught with bickering and sexual jealousy. In order to dampen strife, many groups accord seniority to one wife, usually the first. Marital harmony may be additionally fostered by customs that valorize the institution, restrict polygyny to the sororal form, or\u2014especially in matrilineal cultures\u2014support easy and recrimination-free divorce . [PAR] In most polygynous cultures, some people choose monogamy. This is often explained as a way to avoid marital strife or the expense of supporting several cowives and a multitude of children or as a result of a dearth of eligible or willing women. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hangover Part II (2011) - IMDb The Hangover Part II (2011) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Hangover Part II ( 2011 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] Two years after the bachelor party in Las Vegas, Phil, Stu, Alan, and Doug jet to Thailand for Stu's wedding. Stu's plan for a subdued pre-wedding brunch, however, goes seriously awry. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 03 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 09 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 01 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: The Hangover Part II (2011) [PAR] 6.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 5 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When one of their own is kidnapped by an angry gangster, the Wolf Pack must track down Mr. Chow, who has escaped from prison and is on the lam. [PAR] Director: Todd Phillips [PAR] Three buddies wake up from a bachelor party in Las Vegas, with no memory of the previous night and the bachelor missing. They make their way around the city in order to find their friend before his wedding. [PAR] Director: Todd Phillips [PAR] John Bennett, a man whose childhood wish of bringing his teddy bear to life came true, now must decide between keeping the relationship with the bear or his girlfriend, Lori. [PAR] Director: Seth MacFarlane [PAR] A pair of underachieving cops are sent back to a local high school to blend in and bring down a synthetic drug ring. [PAR] Directors: Phil Lord, Christopher Miller [PAR] Stars: Jonah Hill, Channing Tatum, Ice Cube [PAR] Three friends conspire to murder their awful bosses when they realize they are standing in the way of their happiness. [PAR] Director: Seth Gordon [PAR] After making their way through high school (twice), big changes are in store for officers Schmidt and Jenko when they go deep undercover at a local college. [PAR] Directors: Phil Lord, Christopher Miller [PAR] Stars: Channing Tatum, Jonah Hill, Ice Cube [PAR] A veteran pot dealer creates a fake family as part of his plan to move a huge shipment of weed into the U.S. from Mexico. [PAR] Director: Rawson Marshall Thurber [PAR] High-strung father-to-be Peter Highman is forced to hitch a ride with aspiring actor Ethan Tremblay on a road trip in order to make it to his child's birth on time. [PAR] Director: Todd Phillips [PAR] After they are forced to live next to a fraternity house, a couple with a newborn baby do whatever they can to take them down. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Stoller [PAR] Two co-dependent high school seniors are forced to deal with separation anxiety after their plan to stage a booze-soaked party goes awry. [PAR] Director: Greg Mottola [PAR] Goaded by his buddies, a nerdy guy who's never \"done the deed\" only finds the pressure mounting when he meets a single mother. [PAR] Director: Judd Apatow [PAR] Dale, Kurt and Nick decide"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Car Company Logos - Cars - LoveToKnow Car Company Logos [PAR] Car Company Logos [PAR] By Mary Gormandy White [PAR] In addition to being an essential part of advertising and brand identity, car company logos provide a powerful visual image for auto consumers. Each automobile manufacturer has a unique logo, many of which have changed dramatically over the years. In some cases, these logos are tied to the company's history in surprising ways. [PAR] List of Car Company Logos [PAR] Abarth [PAR] Now Fiat's racing arm, Abarth's logo is rich with meaning. The scorpion represents the Zodiac sign of company founder Karl Alberto Abarth, and the shield is a symbol of passion and triumph. The colors beneath the name represent the Italian flag. [PAR] Acura [PAR] Honda's luxury brand features a logo that looks like a stylized letter \"A\" inside a circle. The symbol also represents the caliper, an important precision engineering tool. [PAR] Aixam [PAR] Now Aixam Mega, the logo for this French microcar manufacturer is simple and elegant, spelling out the company's original name and calling out the first letter with a bold \"A\" (or \"M\" in some cases) inside a circular graphic. [PAR] Alfa Romeo [PAR] This Italian exotic car brand has a complicated, circular logo featuring a red cross and a green snake with a dragon's head. These symbols represent the city of Milan, where the company was founded. [PAR] Aston Martin [PAR] The British luxury car brand has an iconic logo of a pair of wings with the company name. A version of this logo has graced Aston Martin cars since the 1920s. [PAR] Audi [PAR] This German automaker's four interlocking rings represent this history of the company as it started out as four smaller companies. [PAR] Bajoun [PAR] Bajoun is a General Motors brand made and sold only in China. The name means \"treasured horse\" - and that's exactly what the logo depicts. [PAR] Bentley [PAR] The British exotic car manufacturer features a winged logo with a letter \"B\" in the center. The wings in this logo call up the company's aerospace roots. [PAR] BMW [PAR] BMW's blue and white checkerboard pattern represents an airplane propeller, since BMW was originally an airplane manufacturer. The logo's colors and checks are from the Bavarian flag, where the company was founded. [PAR] Buick [PAR] This American car brand features a logo with three shields inside a circle. The idea for the shield came from the Buick family crest. [PAR] Cadillac [PAR] Cadillac has had many logos over the years. This current version features two stalks of wheat with a shield in the center. [PAR] Chevrolet [PAR] One of the most iconic American car logos, the symbol for Chevrolet is a simple angled cross with a longer horizontal line. The design is referred to as the Chevrolet bowtie. [PAR] Chrysler [PAR] There are several versions of the Chrysler logo, but the most recognizable is a pentagon with a star in the center, referred to as the Chrysler Pentastar. The current version is sleeker and simpler, suggesting wings. [PAR] Citroen [PAR] The double chevrons in [PAR] Citroen's logo represent the Helical Gear, a Citroen invention that is used in every modern automobile. They also represent the company's commitment to technical innovation. [PAR] Dacia [PAR] This Romanian car brand has been part of Renault since 1999.The company is bold and simple, highlighting the company name in a shade of blue representative of one of the colors of the Romanian flag, on a bold, silver-tone graphic. [PAR] Daewoo [PAR] The modern logo of this Korean General Motors brand still"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pushkin Prize | Russian literary prize | Britannica.com Pushkin Prize | Russian literary prize | Britannica.com [PAR] Russian literary prize [PAR] B\u00fcchner Prize [PAR] Pushkin Prize, Russian literary prize established in 1881 in honour of Aleksandr Pushkin , one of Russia\u2019s greatest writers. The prize was awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences to Russian authors who achieved the highest standard of literary excellence, as exemplified by the prize\u2019s namesake. Winners included Anton Chekhov and Ivan Bunin . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Academy of Sciences (Russian organization) [PAR] highest scientific society and principal coordinating body for research in natural and social sciences, technology, and production in Russia. The organization was established in St. Petersburg, Russia, on February 8 (January 28, Old Style), 1724. Membership in the academy is by election, and... [PAR] Anton Chekhov [PAR] January 29 [January 17, Old Style], 1860 Taganrog, Russia July 14/15 [July 1/2], 1904 Badenweiler, Germany Russian playwright and master of the modern short story. He was a literary artist of laconic precision who probed below the surface of life, laying bare the secret motives of his characters.... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: September 18, 2013 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pushkin-Prize [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quick Guide to the Rules The R&A - Quick Guide to the Rules [PAR] THE R&A [PAR] Shop [PAR] Quick Guide to the Rules [PAR] This guide provides a simple explanation of common Rules situations. It is not a substitute for the Rules of Golf, which should be consulted whenever any doubts arises. For more information on the points covered, please refer to the relevant Rule. [PAR] The basic Rules are not as hard to learn as you may think. They would include, for example, where play of a hole commences; what to do when your ball is in water hazard, lost or out of bounds' interference from immovable obstructions such as cart paths; and playing a provisional ball. [PAR] Downloads [PAR] BALL IN MOTION DEFLECTED OR STOPPED [PAR] Relief Situations and Procedures [PAR] When playing golf, you must play the ball as it lies, whether your ball is in a good lie or a bad lie, unless the Rules allow you to do otherwise. For example, the Rules allow you to move natural objects like leaves and twigs \u2013 the Rules call these \u201cloose impediments\u201d. [PAR] The Rules also permit you to lift and move your ball if you have interference from certain conditions. Sometimes you can move your ball without penalty, e.g. when you have interference due to a man-made object \u2013 called \u201cobstructions\u201d - such as a road or path, or when you have interference by an abnormal ground condition, such as casual water and ground under repair. At other times, you may incur a penalty if you wish to move your ball, e.g. when your ball is in a water hazard. [PAR] Have a look at the sections below to learn more: [PAR] Ball Unplayable [PAR] Rules Academy [PAR] The information included in the Quick Guide is also available in an on-line course, the Rules Academy. This course is based on the Etiquette Section and Quick Guide to the Rules of Golf and features video, images and diagrams of Rules situations and includes revision questions after each section. [PAR] It covers the essentials that all golfers should know such as sportsmanship, integrity and respect. It adopts a tee to green approach and tells you what you need to know at each point; from where to tee your ball, to taking relief from various conditions, to holing out and returning the score card [PAR] At the end of the course, you can take a Level 1 Rules Exam and receive a certificate signed by their guiding player. [PAR] Visit the Rules Academy [PAR] The Etiquette of the Game [PAR] The Etiquette of the game of golf provides guidelines on the manner in which the game of golf should be played. If they are followed, all players will gain maximum enjoyment from the game. [PAR] Learn More [PAR] Rules Education [PAR] Whether you want to learn the basics or need to understand the finer details of the Decisions, discover more about the Rules of Golf via The R&A\u2019s publications and The R&A\u2019s formal three-tier education programme. [PAR] Learn More [PAR] Explore Etiquette [PAR] Good etiquette is essential in golf, helping all players to gain maximum enjoyment from the game. Learn more by reading the etiquette section of the Rules in the Rules Explorer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Database of slogans | Makeup brand slogans | Slogan ... Database of slogans | Makeup brand slogans | Slogan, makeup brand advertising [PAR] Database of slogans. Makeup brands. [PAR] Max Factor makeup brand [PAR] Advertising slogan: Max Factor. The make-up of make-up artists. [PAR] Maybelline makeup brand [PAR] Ad slogan: Maybe she's born with it. Maybe it's Maybelline. [PAR] Bonne Bell brand, makeup for eyes, lips, face [PAR] Tagline: BonneBell. Beautiful. Colorful. You. [PAR] CoverGirl, line of products for face, lips, eyes and nails [PAR] Marketing slogan: Easy Breezy Beautiful CoverGirl. [PAR] Vital Radiance trademark [PAR] Ad slogan: Revitalizing beauty for your changing skin. [PAR] Barry M fashion cosmetics, UK [PAR] Motto: Barry M. The most colourful name in cosmetics. [PAR] Pupa brand, Italy, make up, make up sets [PAR] Advertising slogan: Pupa. Non Conventional Beauty."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The measurements of cricket | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo The measurements of cricket | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] The history of the game [PAR] The measurements of cricket [PAR] Share on Facebook Share on Twitter [PAR] The measurements of most sports are in round numbers, except for a few of those that have been converted to metric equivalents. The welter of precise measurements in cricket seems distinct, but in fact some have quite a simple origin. [PAR] The earliest known Laws of Cricket, the \"Code of 1744\", give the length of the pitch as 22 yards. Over the centuries the often vague and regionally differing Saxon linear measurements becaine standardized to give a mile (a survival of the old Roman measurement of 1,000 double paces) as equal to 8 furlongs (i.e. \"furrow long\") or 320 perches (also called rods or poles) or 1,760 yards (from the Old English gyrd that meant stick or twig) or 5,280 feet or 63,360 inches or 190,080 barley corns (e.g. in the thirteenth century a royal Assize of Weights and Measures prescribed \"the Iron Yard of our Lord the King\" at 3 feet of 12 inches or 36 barley corns). It will thus be seen that 22 yards is in fact one tenth of a furlong or length of a furrow. There was an equally vague Saxon square measurement of land, the hide (called also carucate, from the Latin for a plough, and ploughland) which was the area required by one free family with dependents and that could be ploughed with one plough and 8 oxen in one year. This was in turn divided into four yardlands or 100 acres, the definition of which was the amount of land that could be ploughed by one yoke of oxen in one day. In Norman times the acre became precisely defined as 40 by 4 perches, thus preserving the shape of the Saxon strip-acre, i.e. one furlong by one tenth of a furlong. The cricket pitch is therefore simply the breadth of the Saxon strip-acre. [PAR] It would be a mistake, however, to assume that cricket, which is believed to have had its origins on the Weald that was used primarily as grazing ground for sheep rather than ploughland, necessarily took the length of its pitch directly from this source, although the largest Saxon mete-wand or measuring rod, the gad, continued in use into the early days of cricket and was one perch in length, i.e. one quarter of the breadth of a furrow. In 1610 Edmund Gunter, an Oxford trained mathematician, now Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College, London, invented as an instrument of measurement the chain, taking its length from the breadth of the furrow and dividing it into 100 links of 7.92 inches each (i.e. 4 perches [not 40 as stated by the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., vol. 19, p. 729, which is the length of the furrow]; By 1661 use of this chain had become sufficiently popular for the word to be used to designate the measurement itself}. This chain became the common measuring tool for land surveyors. We do not know when cricketers first wished to standardize their pitch, but in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries at least pitches were often physically marked out with the use of Gunter's chain. [PAR] The distance between the bowling crease and the popping crease (i.e. the crease over which the bat could be popped for safety) is given by the \"Code of 1744\" as 46 inches (increased to 48 inches sometime before 1821). Before creases were marked in whitewash in 1865 they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FightingArts.com - Kendo: The Way of the Sword FightingArts.com - Kendo: The Way of the Sword [PAR] Kendo: The Way of the Sword [PAR] By John J. Donohue, Ph.D. [PAR] Terminology [PAR] Definition [PAR] Kendo, the \"way of the sword,\" is the most respected form of modern budo in Japan, and has perhaps the closest links to many aspects of the classical martial tradition. Although it may be broadly categorized as the ritualized, sportive version of Japanese fencing, kendo is neither a viable combat art nor is it a pure sport. The modern heir to the social, cultural, and philosophical heritage of the Japanese martial tradition, kendo is perceived by most experienced practitioners to be an essentially spiritual discipline (Draeger 1974:77). [PAR] Top [PAR] Kendo Principles & Concepts [PAR] Despite modern kendo's quasi-sport nature, it still retains a traditional Japanese outlook which links physical effort and spiritual development. For the Japanese, the discipline, consistency, and total commitment displayed in budo are keys to spiritual and moral development. All these qualities must be developed if one is to successfully tread the way of the sword. [PAR] What sets kendo and its practitioners apart from other arts, such as judo, aikido and karate-do is a certain cold determination, an almost religious sense of discipline, that conveyes the message that kendo is more a matter of mental and spiritual development than it is a system of physical technique. [PAR] All modern budo forms emphasize, to a greater or lesser extent, the development of a fighting spirit, the refinement of quasi-combat skills, and the cultivation of moral and spiritual maturity. In the kendo dojo, however, the trainee is placed in a true forge of the spirit, where mind and body are literally hammered into shape, where relentless training and endless effort are channelled into the re-creation of the individual along philosophical and cultural lines whose roots extend deep into Japan's past. [PAR] As a budo strongly shaped by the insights of the most profound of Japan's swordsmen, kendo today struggles to retain its moral and philosophical dimensions, all too aware of the erosion of these values among some judo practitioners. Since kendo is an art whose appeal lies mainly with martial artists in Japan or those of Japanese descent, it has been able to retain its classical orientation. The essence of kendo is still the improvement of character and the development of spiritual maturity through arduous training in its physical techniques. Like judo, kendo has an enthusiastic sport following. Unlike the gentle art, \"kendo may be practiced, or one trains himself through kendo, but one must never just 'play' kendo\" (Draeger 1974:105). [PAR] Passive, non-threatening stances and kneeling in such a way as to be always ready to draw a sword indicate the fact that, despite its ritualized nature, kendo is very much concerned with matters of life and death. The dojo is not just a training hall but a place where a certain awareness of the possibility of serious combat must constantly be maintained. This acute awareness of one's surroundings and the potential for danger is known as zanshin. Zanshin is the flip side of single-minded devotion to technique. A student of kendo must learn not to focus exclusively on his actions but rather to be attentive and receptive to all activities surrounding him. [PAR] This seems contradictory, but both the ideas of focusing entirely on technique and of maintaining zanshin have to do with the transcending of subject-object distinctions through martial training. Unity with the Void, to use Musashi's (the famous swordsman; See the History section) idiom, results in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Library of Drum Related Terms - \u00bb Free Drum Lessons Library of Drum Related Terms [PAR] \u00ab Back To Articles [PAR] Library of Drum Related Terms [PAR] Welcome to the complete Library Of Drum Related Terms section of FreeDrumLessons.com. Here you will find a complete list of drum related terms, along with detailed description of each. This is a powerful tool for drummer of every skill level. Not sure what a polyrhythm is? Or maybe you are wondering where the tension rods are located on a drum kit? With this library of terms, simply scroll to the term you are unsure of and read up on it! Keep this page in mind for whenever you come across a term that you are unsure of! [PAR] Accents - Notes played louder then normal to give a distinct shot or hit. Accents are played usually to compliment other musicians in the band, or to spice up the current beat. Accents require stick control and are great to practice. [PAR] Afro Cuban - A type of Latin drumming that includes influences from Africa and Cuba. This style of music involves many of the Latin patterns, such as the Clave, Cascara, and Tumbao. There are many different types of Afro-Cuban music out there, so make sure you sample every style! [PAR] American Grip - Holding the drum sticks in matched grip style, with palms facing down. Elbows should be relaxed at your sides, and the sticks should make a 45 degree angle. Very popular style of grip for rock drumming. [PAR] Bai\u00e3o - An up tempo style of Latin music that is usually played with lots of energy. This groove is derived from the north east of Brazil. The Bai\u00e3o has a distinct bass drum pattern that drives the beat forward. A very catchy beat that is easy to dance to! [PAR] Bar - A bar is a term used in music theory. A bar is a measure of time decided by the amount of beats in the time signature. If the time signature is 4/4, then the bar would consist of 4 counts. Here is an example of a bar of music. [PAR] [PAR] Bass comping -To add accents or hits to a pattern or groove with your bass drum. Comping is short for complimenting, which in drumming means to add shots when other members of the band are playing to accent their notes. Bass drum comping is done in all sorts of music; however the term is most popular in jazz music. Check out some examples of bass drum comping here! [PAR] Bass drum - Usually the biggest drum on the drum set. The bass drum is played with your feet with the use of a pedal. The bass drum is played to drive the beat, and usually offers more of a pulse then tone. [PAR] Bass drum pedal -The bass drum pedal is the device used to kick the bass drum. The bass pedal is made of a foot pad, spring, and a beater. Click for a complete diagram of the bass drum pedal. [PAR] Bass pedal spring - This spring is located on the bass drum, and is placed vertically on the side of pedals. The spring is what sets the tension of the pedal itself. Tightening this spring will give the beater much more bounce to its movement, while loosening it will allow it to move a lot smoother. This is a very important part of the bass drum pedal that is often ignored. Make sure you are replacing your springs every so often to keep the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum - NY.com Madame Tussaud's NY [PAR] Madame Tussaud's NY [PAR] 42 St. btwn 7th and 8th Aves [PAR] New York, NY [PAR] Problems? Suggest Edit [PAR] Madame Tussaud's NY [PAR] Get up close and personal with your favorite celebrities at the 85,000 square-foot, five-story Madame Tussaud's New York. Opened in November, the New York version of the famous London museum takes on \"the face of the place\" presenting New York's most famous and infamous personalities, as well as figures of international fame and acclaim. [PAR] Leave time to tour these six themed, interactive environments showcasing nearly 200 masterfully crafted, lifelike wax figures: [PAR] The Opening Night Party, set in an Italian baroque garden, features Woody Allen, Bette Midler, Nicolas Cage, Hugh Grant, Oprah Winfrey, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Donald Trump: [PAR] Madame Tussaud's Story, spanning 200 years of history, features Marie Antoinette and Napoleon's lover Josephine. [PAR] Behind the Scenes is a multimedia exhibit about the process of creating the incredibly life-like wax figures at the museum featuring Al Roker and others. [PAR] The Gallery, set in a meeting of the United Nations, features The Dalai Lama, Maya Angelou, John F. Kennedy, Albert Einstein, Martin Luther King, Jr., Buffalo Bill and Diana, Princess of Wales: [PAR] Popular Culture, a whirlwind history of the trendsetters of the 20th century, features Mikhail Barishnikov, Babe Ruth, Janis Joplin, Charlie Chaplin, The Beatles, Marilyn Monroe, John Wayne, Bill Gates and Neil Armstrong: [PAR] It Happened in New York is an immersive midnight ride celebrating the city's illustrious history. [PAR] Madame Tussaud's New York joins the growing international family of museums with locations in London, Amsterdam, Las Vegas and Hong Kong. The tradition began in 18th century Paris, when Madame Tussaud was forces to create death masks for aristocrats executed in the French Revolution. In 1835, she established the London museum, which now welcomes more than 2.5 million guests each year. [PAR] - Reviews of Madame Tussaud's NY [PAR] Post!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lithology - definition of lithology by The Free Dictionary Lithology - definition of lithology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Lithology - definition of lithology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lithology [PAR] 1. The gross physical character of a rock or rock formation. [PAR] 2. The microscopic study, description, and classification of rock. [PAR] lith\u2032o\u00b7log\u2032ic (l\u012dth\u2032\u0259-l\u014fj\u2032\u012dk), lith\u2032o\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal adj. [PAR] lith\u2032o\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal\u00b7ly adv. [PAR] li\u00b7thol\u2032o\u00b7gist n. [PAR] lithology [PAR] 1. (Geological Science) the physical characteristics of a rock, including colour, composition, and texture [PAR] 2. (Geological Science) the study of rocks [PAR] lithologic, \u02cclitho\u02c8logical adj [PAR] b. the physical characteristics of a rock or stratigraphic unit. [PAR] [1710\u201320] [PAR] lith`o\u2022log\u2032ic (-\u0259\u02c8l\u0252d\u0292 \u026ak) lith`o\u2022log\u2032i\u2022cal, adj. [PAR] lith`o\u2022log\u2032i\u2022cal\u2022ly, adv. [PAR] lithology [PAR] the branch of geology that studies the mineral composition and structure of rocks, usu. macroscopically. Cf. petrography. \u2014 lithologic, lithological, adj. [PAR] The study of rocks, especially their composition and texture. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] lithology - the branch of geology that studies rocks: their origin and formation and mineral composition and classification [PAR] petrology [PAR] geomorphology , morphology - the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] petrology [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] For example, his discussion of rotary quern morphology and typology notes that there are key elements archaeologists should consider when creating typologies of these artefacts, and that the study of morphology must be married to consideration of lithology. [PAR] David Peacock. The stone of life: querns, mills and flour production in Europe up to c. AD 500 [PAR] Lithology and distance from the fault zone maps using 1:10000 scales, and the geological sheet map of Kermanshah with 1:250000 scales were obtained, respectively Map of precipitation, temperature and frost days as well as climatic factors using data from stations within and near the study area was prepared in Arc GIS software. [PAR] Providing a subsurface reservoir quality maps in oil fields by geostatistical methods [PAR] Along the Iglesia valley, the lithology is represented by Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary deposits. [PAR] Debris flow susceptibility mapping in a portion of the Andes and Preandes of San Juan, Argentina using frequency ratio and logistic regression models [PAR] 2: text curves that can be fully utilised as curves, functions and discriminators; picks that can be zones boundaries, which further enhance the multi-well workflows; improved lithology shading; porosity and water saturation modules include options for a variable Sxo, and a Vshale workflow; histograms can be shown on cross-plot axes; the Saturation Height module includes an interactive closure correction cross-plot, and a 3D function plot; and the Image Analysis has had many usability improvements."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polygons: How Many Sides? - Infoplease Polygons: How Many Sides? [PAR] Health and Science > Math and Money > Numbers and Formulas [PAR] Polygons: How Many Sides? [PAR] A geometrical figure with three or more sides is called a polygon or a polyhedron. Here are the names for some polygons. [PAR] 3 [PAR] icosagon [PAR] How Many Angles? [PAR] A polygon has as many angles as it has sides. For example, a triangle has 3 sides and 3 angles. A pentagon has 5 sides and 5 angles. An octadecagon has 18 sides and 18 angles!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical Elements.com - Tin (Sn) Chemical Elements.com - Tin (Sn) [PAR] Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Tin. [PAR] <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sn.html>. [PAR] For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . [PAR] This page was created by Yinon Bentor. [PAR] Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Sn - definition of Sn by The Free Dictionary Sn - definition of Sn by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Sn - definition of Sn by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Sn [PAR] [From Late Latin stannum, tin; see stannic.] [PAR] SN [PAR] the internet domain name for [PAR] (Computer Science) Senegal [PAR] (Automotive Engineering) Senegal (international car registration) [PAR] Sn [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Sn - a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide [PAR] atomic number 50 , tin [PAR] tin foil , tinfoil - foil made of tin or an alloy of tin and lead [PAR] metal , metallic element - any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. [PAR] cassiterite - a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TEXTILES: WHAT IS HARRIS AND DONEGAL TWEED? - THE DENIM VAULT RECORDS - THE_DENIM_VAULT [PAR] RECORDS [PAR] 0 Comments [PAR] [PAR] You've most likely heard of tweed, Harris Tweed, or Donegal Tweed; it's all the same type of unfinished woolen fabric. It has a soft, open, and flexible texture that resembles homespun (cheviot) styling but is most closely to woven. It can be made from plain or twill weave and can have a check or herringbone patter. Usually subdued and interesting color effects, or heather mixtures, are created by twisting together differently colored strands into two or three-ply yarn. There is a rich history associated with tweed garments as Harris and Donegal are the main ones. [PAR] They are an iconic tradition of the British Country Clothing because they are particularly desirable for informal outerwear and can be worn on a daily basis because the material is moisture resistant and durable. These types of cloths are created to withstand harsh climate and are worn for outdoor activities like shooting and hunting; these are popular in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Scottish tweed has a special color of green that is called \"Lovat\" but in Ireland it is associated with the County of Donegal. [PAR] Three types of tweed are Harris, Donegal, and Silk. Harris Tweed is handwoven by the islanders on the Isles of Harris, Lewis, Uist, and Barra in the outer areas of Scotland. They use local wool and is hand spun and hand dyed using local dyes. Donegal Tweed is handwoven by the inhabitants of County Donegal which is located in Ireland, just like Harris it's been produced for centuries in this are from local materials. The sheep thrive in the hills and bogs of Donegal and the indigenous plants like blackberries, fuchsia, gorse, and moss provide the dyes used. Silk Tweed is simply a fabric that is made of raw silk with flecks of color usually typical of woolen tweeds.[DOC] [TLE] Tweed on Pinterest | Harris Tweed, Tartan and Scotland 1000+ images about Tweed on Pinterest | Arts and crafts, Loom and Plaid [PAR] Harris Tweed is a unique fabric hand-woven by the islanders on Scotland's Isles of Harris, Lewis, Uist and Barra, using local wool and vegetable dyes. [PAR] 2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Souchong | Define Souchong at Dictionary.com Souchong | Define Souchong at Dictionary.com [PAR] souchong [PAR] a variety of black tea grown in India and Sri Lanka. [PAR] Origin of souchong [PAR] 1750-60; < Chinese dial. (Guangdong) s\u00edu-j\u00fang, akin to Chinese xi\u01ceozh\u01d2ng literally, small sort [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for souchong [PAR] Expand [PAR] Micah Clarke Arthur Conan Doyle [PAR] He had been a tea-merchant for a little longer, but had soon tired of pekoe and souchong. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for souchong [PAR] Expand [PAR] a black tea with large leaves [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C18: from Chinese hsiao-chung small kind [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EUFS: A Matter of Life and Death - Powell & Pressburger EUFS: A Matter of Life and Death [PAR] A Matter of Life and Death [PAR] Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, UK, 1946, ? minutes [PAR] Squadron Leader Peter Carter isn't having much luck: flying back from a bombing raid on Germany, his planes shot to shreds, all but one of his crew have bailed out, and the one that's left is dead. Still, Carter (played with great enthusiasm and the stiffest of upper lips by David Niven) isn't too bothered, and is prepared to meet his maker. Talking to an American RAF radio operator called June, he outlines his precarious situation and tells her that he's going to jump -- which can only mean one thing, as his parachute is as broken as his plane is. [PAR] But it'd be a pretty short film if it all ended there. Due to a small administrative error in the 'other world' Carter doesn't meet his maker in the jump from the plane, and instead wakes up in the surf. By amazing coincidence he meets, and very rapidly falls in love with, June. But the 'other world' wants him to be 'conducted' from Earth, so they can sort their books out. Carter persuades them that since the error was entirely theirs, and that he's now involved with somebody on earth, they can't possibly 'conduct' him without a trial. Will he be allowed to remain on Earth? [PAR] Visually A Matter of Life and Death is stunning. The 'other world' is presented in black-and-white, and Earth is presented in vibrant Technicolor, shot by Jack Cardiff, who worked frequently with Powell and Pressburger, and there's some really imaginative work here. What other movie gives you a point-of-view shot from within somebody's eye? The production design also deserved a mention. The scenes set in the 'other world' are set on a grand scale, and still impress today. The route used to conduct people to the other world is a giant escalator, and they build one 20 feet wide and over 100 steps long for the film. [PAR] Although in places A Matter of Life and Death seems rather quaint, and it is certainly a film of it's time, it has such charm that it's impossible not to be swayed by it, and the manic enthusiasm of the leads. Definitely one to go and see. [PAR] Review by Jonathan Caryl [PAR] Written for th EUFS Programme Spring 2001 [PAR] Please send your comments, suggestions or enquiries to filmsoc@ed.ac.uk . [PAR] Edinburgh University Film Society is an Equal Opportunities organisation run by volunteers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guide to the Characters in Kipling's The Jungle Book Guide to the Characters in Kipling's The Jungle Book [PAR] The Jungle Book: A Complete List of Characters [PAR] written by: Elizabeth Wistrom \u2022 edited by: SForsyth \u2022 updated: 1/4/2012 [PAR] The cast of characters from The Jungle Book are detailed in this informative article. Also included with the information about the characters is a brief synopsis for each chapter or story. [PAR] slide 1 of 9 [PAR] Written by Rudyard Kipling in 1894, The Jungle Book is actually a collection of stories. For this reason, the cast of characters from The Jungle Book must be divided according to the chapter or story they appear in. A brief synopsis of each chapter and detailed information about the characters is designed to improve comprehension for the reader. [PAR] slide 2 of 9 [PAR] Mowgli's Brothers [PAR] This story depicts a young boy named Mowgli the Frog, who is raised by a pack of wolves after wandering into the den of a wolf family. He learns the ways of the jungle from two mentors - a bear named Baloo and a black panther named Bagheera - until he is eventually expelled from the pack in a power struggle between Akela and Shere Khan at the Council Rock. The Jungle Book characters introduced in this first chapter, or story, will resurface later in subsequent stories. [PAR] Father Wolf - This is who first encounters the man cub (later called Mowgli) in the jungle. Father Wolf brings the baby into the den, so that Mother Wolf can take a closer look. [PAR] Mother Wolf - Also referred to as \"Raksha\" and \"The Demon,\" she immediately bonds with the man cub (Mowgli) and becomes his protector. [PAR] Tabaqui - The jackal. Also referred to as the \"Dish-licker.\" The narrator explains that they are despised in India because they run around telling tales and acting mischievously but that they are also feared because the jackal has a tendency toward \"dewanee\" - or madness. [PAR] Shere Khan - This is the tiger who is hunting the man cub. He has other names in the story, as well: The Big One and Lungri, which means \"the Lame One.\" He is called the Lame One because he was born with one lame foot. Shere Kahn threatens to one day kill Mowgli. [PAR] Mowgli - Named Mowgli the Frog, this human boy is the main character of the story. He is raised by Mother Wolf, Father Wolf and their wolf pack. [PAR] Akela - The great gray Lone Wolf is the leader of the Seeone Wolf Pack. Once strong and cunning, Akela has grown older and is therefore deemed weaker. While he initially agreed to include Mowgli in the pack, his authority is eventually challenged. [PAR] Baloo - The narrator mentions that Baloo is the only animal besides the wolves who is allowed to take part in the pack meetings. This is because this gentle brown bear is responsible for teaching the young wolf cubs the laws and ways of the jungle. [PAR] Bagheera - This black panther convinces the skeptical wolf pack to accept the man cub into its tribe for the price of a bull. The reader later learns that Bagheera was not born in the wild. Instead, he was born captive, and remained so until one day he realized that he belonged in the jungle, with his animal brothers. The panther explains that this is the reason he paid the price for Mowgli to join the wolf pack instead of being turned over to Shere Kahn"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wimbledon Mens Singles - Wimbledon Tennis Betting Wimbledon Mens Players | Mens Singles Champions | Andy Murray | Roger Federer [PAR] Mens Players [PAR] Wimbledon Mens Singles [PAR] We take a look at the mens singles competition, providing background and chances of the players for the 2011 tournament at the All England Club. [PAR] Many Tennis fans would argue that Wimbledon is the toughest of the four majors to win as it is the only one played on a grass surface. The winner must therefore be versatile in handling the different challenges that playing on grass poses. Please check here for details of the 2010 Wimbledon mens seedings . [PAR] The 2011 Men\u2019s singles at Wimbledon promises yet again to be as exciting as ever with Roger Federer favourite in the Wimbledon mens singles betting to win the crown once again afre beating Andy Roddick last year. Nadal\u2019s victory in 2008 prevented Federer from becoming the first man in Wimbledon history to record six straight wins, he will be back at SW19 for the first time since and desperate to regain his crown. [PAR] In some media circles Federer was being written off last year, but he came back to the top when he won the US Open Tennis for the fifth straight year, defeating Britain's Andy Murray in the final. He then lost to Nadal in the Australian Open final in another five set epic, before achieving his greatest moment in tennis, when he won the French Open title for the first time. That win gave him a record equalling fourteen Grand Slams a record he shares with, Sampras and he also became the first man since Andre Agassi to win all four Grand Slam titles. [PAR] We think that Federer should win once more this year but the following players all have chances [PAR] Robin Soderling [PAR] Fred Perry - The last British Mens Single Champion [PAR] Fred Perry was the last British mens single champion at Wimbledon when he won the title for the third and final time in 1936. Perry, had won the previous two mens singles titles at the 1934 and 1935 Championship and despite being some years ago reports suggest that he was one of the greatest ever Wimbledon champions. Can Scot, Andy Murray emulate the great man this year? Murray has been in outstanding form this year and won the the title at Queens Club last week. He has shot up to number three in the world rankings and is third favourite to win in the mens singles betting. He reached the quarter finals last year where he was beaten by Rafa Nadal. Tim Henman remains the only British player to get to the semi finals in recent years, he achieved this four times in total. [PAR] Modern Era Mens Wimbledon Champions [PAR] In recent years, some of the biggest names in mens Tennis have lifted the famous Mens Singles trophy. Four times champion Rod Laver was the first male to claim the title in the open era in 1968 and 1969. Fellow Australian John Newcombe won back to back championships in 1970 and 1971 before Bjorn Borg won four consecutive titles between 1976 - 79. [PAR] During the 80s, the Wimbledon mens singles title was won by great names such as John McEnroe, Boris Becker and Stefan Edberg, all who won the title on more than one occasion during the decade. [PAR] American great Pete Sampras dominated the title in the 90s winning the mens singles crown a total of seven times between 1993 and 2000, only Richard Krajicek stopped"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kenneth Harry Clarke | British politician | Britannica.com Kenneth Harry Clarke | British politician | Britannica.com [PAR] Kenneth Harry Clarke [PAR] Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] Kenneth Harry Clarke, (born July 2, 1940, Nottingham , Nottinghamshire , England ), British Conservative politician who served as a cabinet official in the governments of Margaret Thatcher , John Major , and David Cameron , including as Major\u2019s chancellor of the Exchequer (1993\u201397) and as Cameron\u2019s lord chancellor and secretary of state for justice (2010\u201312). He also served as a minister without portfolio (2012\u201314) in Cameron\u2019s cabinet. A major figure in the Conservative Party for several decades, he unsuccessfully ran for leadership of the party on several occasions. [PAR] Kenneth Clarke, 2005. [PAR] Bruno Vincent/Getty Images [PAR] In the 1960s Clarke was one of a group of University of Cambridge undergraduates, including Michael Howard , who became close friends and rose to positions of prominence. Clarke subsequently became a barrister (1963) before entering the House of Commons in 1970 as member for Rushcliffe , near Nottingham. He quickly established himself on the liberal, pro-European wing of the Conservative Party and was a junior whip in the government of Edward Heath . Although at odds on some issues with Margaret Thatcher, when she became prime minister in 1979 Clarke was immediately given a junior government post, working for a friend from his student days, Norman Fowler, at the Ministry of Transport. [PAR] Six years later Clarke was promoted to the cabinet as deputy employment secretary. In 1988 he was switched to health secretary, a post that gave him a chance to prove his fighting spirit. In the autumn of 1989 he imposed a pay settlement on ambulance workers, rejecting their demands for arbitration. They went on strike, refusing to respond to all nonemergency calls. He resisted calls for compromise, and eventually the strike was abandoned. Clarke won high praise from inside his party for successfully standing firm; in particular, the Conservative right wing warmed to his style. [PAR] In November 1990, following Sir Geoffrey Howe\u2019s resignation from the cabinet, Thatcher moved Clarke to education. Four weeks later Major became prime minister and kept Clarke in the same job until April 1992, when he appointed Clarke as home secretary\u2014one of the few Conservative opponents of capital punishment to hold the job. Following Norman Lamont\u2019s dismissal in May 1993, Clarke was appointed chancellor of the Exchequer. In his first budget, in November 1993, Clarke increased taxation, in contrast to his party\u2019s 1992 election pledge to keep taxes down. His measures were unpopular with voters, but they earned him accolades from other Conservative MPs. The British economy, in recession since the late 1980s, rebounded during Clarke\u2019s term as chancellor, and unemployment, interest rates, and inflation fell. [PAR] Britannica Stories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - Streakers and Streaking - Edited Entry h2g2 - Streakers and Streaking - Edited Entry [PAR] Streakers and Streaking Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything [PAR] Streakers and Streaking [PAR] It was hilarious. This streaker jumped the barriers and ran after John (Leslie). The security guards ran after her. It was like something out of Benny Hill . [PAR] - Match spectator. [PAR] Streaking dates back to the 1970s when American students bared all for maximum publicity during protests and demonstrations. Gradually the trend caught on in the UK, and dare-devil exhibitionists seized opportunities to cause disruption to sporting events or just grab their own 15 minutes of fame. [PAR] Fads come and fads go, but the impulsive nature and snap decision to dispense with your clothing and dodge your way across a venue in full view of hundreds of eye-witnesses and possibly millions of TV viewers with relatively low consequences, holds an appeal which can be likened to the ultimate buzz. Very few official complaints are made to the authorities due to the swiftness of the act, the kudos of having witnessed the streak creates a good talking point, and anyway, who wants to be regarded as a killjoy with no sense of humour? After all, streaking is just a bit of fun, it doesn't do any harm, it's a laugh, it brightens up a boring match - so say the streakers. [PAR] Of course the families with small children watching in the crowd or at home may strongly disagree. The ancient Greeks and Romans viewed a nude human body as one of the highest expressions of the perfection of nature, but to have someone else's nakedness flaunted in your face completely unexpectedly can be very offensive indeed and it's not just the puritans who are outraged. [PAR] Warning [PAR] Streaking is illegal in the UK, but that doesn't stop thrill-seekers from showing off their birthday suit and enjoying causing a spectacle, gaining publicity and possible notoriety. Probably the worst punishment you'll get is a fine although it depends on the magistrate in court if the police decide to prosecute. Technically you can be charged with trespass; outraging public decency and/or causing public disorder, so you might end up with a criminal record. [PAR] Invading a football pitch breaches the 1991 Football (Offences) Act. For example: Vanessa Richards (see below) was charged with invading a playing area and conditionally discharged for 12 months. Also, remember that employers don't look too kindly on their employees breaking the law: Civil servant Brynn Reed (see 'The Queen's Streaker' below), lost his job. Some streakers end up in jail (see the Prague streaker, below). [PAR] What Is A Streak? [PAR] The University of Maine held a meeting of the student senate in March 1974 to discuss how to handle streaking. The meeting broke up when a naked man burst in and did a lap of the hall. [PAR] There is a difference between streaking and being naked in public - streaking is often a spur-of-the-moment impulse to be naked combined with a need to run. It might well be representative of a subconscious desire to return to nature, celebrating your personal freedom, enthusiastic joie-de-vivre, or it could just be a case of showing off. That many streaks take place at sporting events might have something to do with the combination of good weather, adrenalin and the biggest available audience. Possibly alcohol is also a factor; though not all streakers are intoxicated, alcohol is well-known for lowering inhibitions. [PAR] Streaking [PAR] Don't look Ethel! [PAR] - 'The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard the Lionheart - Middle Ages Richard the Lionheart [PAR] Search TheMiddleAges.net [PAR] Richard the Lionheart [PAR] Richard I (September 8, 1157 \u2013 April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. He was often referred to as Richard the Lionheart, Coeur de Lion. He was considered a hero in his day and has often been portrayed as one in works of literature. [PAR] Early life [PAR] The third of King Henry II's legitimate sons, Richard was never expected to accede to the throne. He was, however, the favourite son of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. Although born in Oxford, England, he soon came to know France as his home. When his parents effectively separated, he remained in Eleanor's care, and was invested with her duchy of Aquitaine in 1168, and of Poitiers in 1172. This was his consolation prize for the fact that his eldest brother, Henry the Young King, was simultaneously crowned as his father's successor. Richard and his other brother, Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, thus learned how to defend their property while still teenagers. As well as being an educated man, able to compose poetry in French and Proven\u00e7al, Richard was also a magnificent physical specimen, his height is estimated at six feet four inches (1.93 m) tall, and gloried in military activity. From an early age he appeared to have significant political and military abilities, became noted for his chivalry and courage, and soon was able to control the unruly nobles of his territory. As with all the true-born sons of Henry II, Richard had limited respect for his father and lacked foresight and a sense of responsibility. [PAR] In 1170, his elder brother Henry the Young King was crowned king of England as Henry III. Historians know him as Henry \"the Young King\" so as not to confuse him with the later king of this name who was his nephew. [PAR] In 1173, Richard joined his brothers, Henry and Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, in a revolt against their father. They were planning to dethrone their father and leave the Young King as the only king of England. Henry II invaded Aquitaine twice. At the age of seventeen, Richard was the last of the brothers to hold out against Henry; though, in the end, he refused to fight him face to face and humbly begged his pardon. In 1174, after the end of the failed revolt, Richard gave a new oath of subservience to his father. [PAR] After his failure Richard concentrated on putting down internal revolts by the dissatisfied nobles of Aquitaine, especially the territory of Gascony. The increasing cruelty of his reign led to a major revolt of Gascony in 1183. Richard had a terrible reputation, including reports of various rapes and murders. The rebels hoped to dethrone Richard and asked his brothers Henry and Geoffrey to help them succeed. Their father feared that the war between his three sons could lead to the destruction of his kingdom. He led the part of his army that served in his French territories in support of Richard. The Young King's death on June 11, 1183, ended the revolt, and Richard remained on his throne. [PAR] Young Henry's death left Richard as the eldest surviving son and the natural heir when the old King died. However, there was some uncertainty over King Henry's intentions. When Geoffrey also died, Richard was the only realistic possibility, his youngest brother, John, being too weak and inexperienced to be considered as an alternative. From the Young King's death Richard was considered -- though not officially proclaimed --"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HERMAN'S HERMITS - 1965 - \"Mrs Brown, You've Got A Lovely ... HERMAN'S HERMITS - 1965 - \"Mrs Brown, You've Got A Lovely Daughter\" - YouTube [PAR] HERMAN'S HERMITS - 1965 - \"Mrs Brown, You've Got A Lovely Daughter\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Mar 22, 2014 [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Hermans Hermits - Mrs. Brown you've got a lovely daughter ... Hermans Hermits - Mrs. Brown you've got a lovely daughter 1965 - YouTube [PAR] Hermans Hermits - Mrs. Brown you've got a lovely daughter 1965 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 16, 2007 [PAR] Hermans Hermits - Mrs. Brown you've got a lovely daughter 1965 [PAR] Mrs. Brown you`ve got a lovely daughter [PAR] Girls as sharp as her are somethin` rare [PAR] But it`s sad, she doesn`t love me now [PAR] She`s made it clear enough it ain`t no good to pine [PAR] She wants to return those things I bought her [PAR] Tell her she can keep them just the same [PAR] Things have changed, she doesn`t love me now [PAR] She`s made it clear enough it ain`t no good to pine [PAR] Walkin` about, even in a crowd, well [PAR] You`ll pick her out, makes a bloke feel so proud [PAR] If she finds that I`ve been round to see you (round to see you) [PAR] Tell her that I`m well and feelin` fine (feelin` fine) [PAR] Don`t let on, don`t say she`s broke my heart [PAR] I`d go down on my knees but it`s no good to pine [PAR] Walkin` about, even in a crowd, well [PAR] You`ll pick her out, makes a bloke feel .. [PAR] If she finds that I`ve been round to see you (round to see you) [PAR] Tell her that I`m well and feelin` fine (feelin` fine) [PAR] Don`t let on, don`t say she`s broke my heart [PAR] I`d go down on my knees but it`s no good to pine [PAR] Mrs. Brown you`ve got a lovely daughter (lovely daughter) [PAR] Mrs. Brown you`ve got a lovely daughter (lovely daughter) [PAR] Mrs. Brown you`ve got a lovely daughter (lovely daughter) [PAR] Mrs. Brown you`ve got a lovely daughter (lovely daughter) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Severe Weather Definitions - National Weather Service Severe Weather Definitions [PAR] Severe Weather Definitions [PAR] Tornado [PAR] [PAR] A violently rotating column of air, usually pendant to a cumulonimbus, with circulation reaching the ground. It nearly always starts as a funnel cloud and may be accompanied by a loud roaring noise. On a local scale, it is the most destructive of all atmospheric phenomena. [PAR] [PAR] Tornado Warning [PAR] [PAR] This is issued when a tornado is indicated by the WSR-88D radar or sighted by spotters; therefore, people in the affected area should seek safe shelter immediately. They can be issued without a Tornado Watch being already in effect. They are usually issued for a duration of around 30 minutes. [PAR] [PAR] A Tornado Warning is issued by your local National Weather Service office (NWFO), see map below. It will include where the tornado was located and what towns will be in its path. If the tornado will affect the nearshore or coastal waters, it will be issued as the combined product--Tornado Warning and Special Marine Warning. If the thunderstorm which is causing the tornado is also producing torrential rains, this warning may also be combined with a Flash Flood Warning. If there is an ampersand (&) symbol at the bottom of the warning, it indicates that the warning was issued as a result of a severe weather report. [PAR] [PAR] After it has been issued, the affected NWFO will followed it up periodically with Severe Weather Statements. These statements will contain updated information on the tornado and they will also let the public know when warning is no longer in effect. [PAR] [PAR] Tornado Watch [PAR] [PAR] This is issued by the National Weather Service when conditions are favorable for the development of tornadoes in and close to the watch area. Their size can vary depending on the weather situation. They are usually issued for a duration of 4 to 8 hours. They normally are issued well in advance of the actual occurrence of severe weather. During the watch, people should review tornado safety rules and be prepared to move a place of safety if threatening weather approaches. [PAR] [PAR] A Tornado Watch is issued by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) in Norman, Oklahoma. Prior to the issuance of a Tornado Watch, SPC will usually contact the affected local National Weather Forecast Office (NWFO), see map below, and they will discuss what their current thinking is on the weather situation. Afterwards, SPC will issue a preliminary Tornado Watch and then the affected NWFO will then adjust the watch (adding or eliminating counties/parishes) and then issue it to the public. After adjusting the watch, the NWFO will let the public know which counties are included by way of a Watch Redefining Statement. During the watch, the NWFO will keep the public informed on what is happening in the watch area and also let the public know when the watch has expired or been cancelled. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The map above shows NWS office's County Warning Areas (CWA). These are the same as Forecast Areas. [PAR] [PAR] Severe Thunderstorm [PAR] [PAR] A thunderstorm that produces a tornado, winds of at least 58 mph (50 knots or ~93 km/h), and/or hail at least 1\" in diameter. Structural wind damage may imply the occurrence of a severe thunderstorm. A thunderstorm wind equal to or greater than 40 mph (35 knots or ~64 km/h) and/or hail of at least \u00bd\" is defined as approaching severe. [PAR] [PAR] Guide for determining hail sizes: [PAR] less than 0.50\" Pea [PAR] Severe Thunderstorm Warning [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Guide to the Different Types of Kisses A Guide to the Different Types of Kisses [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 9 Steps to Drama Free Friendships [PAR] 2. The Butterfly Kiss [PAR] To give someone a butterfly kiss, get close to them so the tips of your eyelashes are touching theirs. Then blink very fast so your eyelashes flutter together like butterfly wings. It's a fun, cute thing to do while you're catching your breath from more traditional kisses. You can also give someone a solo butterfly kiss by fluttering your eyelids against their cheek. [PAR] 3. The Single-Lip Kiss [PAR] To give someone a single-lip kiss, take one of their lips between yours and gently suck or tug on it. It's an awfully romantic kiss, and if you do it right, you'll send tingles up and down your sweetie's spine. [PAR] 4. The Spiderman Kiss [PAR] Based on the kiss in the 2002 movie Spider-Man, the Spiderman kiss involves kissing someone whose face is upside-down from yours, so your top lip kisses their bottom lip and vice versa. [PAR] 5. The Earlobe Kiss [PAR] A great kiss to to perform while you're taking a break from lip kisses, the earlobe kiss involves taking someone's earlobe lightly between your lips and tugging gently downward. For a more intense earlobe kiss, add a little bit of tongue, or use a gentle sucking motion on their earlobe. [PAR] 6. The Lip Gloss Kiss [PAR] This is a fun, flirty kiss for girlfriends to give their boyfriends. Put on a healthy amount of lip gloss or ChapStick, then rub your lips on your partners' lips until theirs are coated, too. For extra fun, surprise your partner with a sweet, fruity lip gloss flavor. [PAR] 7. The Eskimo Kiss [PAR] In an Eskimo kiss, two people rub their noses back and forth against each other. It's based on real kisses that people in Eskimo cultures give their friends. Just like with lip kisses, Eskimo kisses are best executed with your eyes closed. [PAR] 8. The Cheek Kiss [PAR] The cheek kiss is exactly what it sounds like - a closed-mouth kiss against someone's cheek. Cheek kisses can be used as friendly greetings, flirty thank-you's or cute, unexpected ways to say good-bye to your boyfriend or girlfriend. [PAR] 9. The Hickey [PAR] A hickey technically isn't a kiss; it's a red mark (a bruise, really) left on the skin after someone sucks hard enough on it. Hickeys hurt a little to get, but some people think the sucking feels good, especially on the side of the neck. It can be embarrassing to walk around with a hickey, so before you start sucking, get permission first. [PAR] 10. The Secret Message Kiss [PAR] In the middle of a French kiss, spell out a secret message with the tip of your tongue against their tongue. It might feel a little funny to the other person, but at least you'll be getting your message across. [PAR] Prev[DOC] [TLE] Are there different meanings to different kissing types ... Are there different meanings to different kissing types? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written Jun 17, 2015 [PAR] Kiss is a word enough to give you a special moment with your special ones. A simple kiss is much innocent that can make your partner crazy for yourself. It is most attention term that makes a place in the world of fashion. Here are some different types of kisses that you enjoy with your partner. So, grab your partner in yours arms and show them your never"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frequently Asked Questions \u2014 The Palmer Method of Business ... Frequently Asked Questions \u2014 The Palmer Method of Business Writing [PAR] This entire website is an adaptation of The Palmer Method Of Business Writing [PAR] , a textbook originally published in 1915. [PAR] The Palmer Method of penmanship instruction was developed and promoted by Austin Palmer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It soon became the most popular handwriting system in the United States. [PAR] Under it, students were taught to adopt a uniform system of cursive writing with rhythmic motions. Palmer\u2019s method involved \u201cmuscle motion\u201d in which the more proximal muscles of the arm were used for movement, rather than allowing the fingers to move in writing. In spite of opposition from the major textbook companies, the textbook enjoyed great success. [PAR] Proponents of the Palmer Method emphasized its plainness and speed, that it was much faster than the laborious Spencerian Method, and allowed the writer to effectively compete with the typewriter. To educators, the Method\u2019s advocates emphasized regimentation, and that the Method would thus be useful in schools to increase discipline and character, and could even reform delinquents. [PAR] Palmer\u2019s style fell out of popularity and was replaced by a movement to teach children manuscript before teaching them cursive, in order to provide them with a means of written expression as soon as possible and thus develop writing skills. source: Wikipedia.org [PAR] Seriously? Why bother? [PAR] In the book Script and Scribble: The Rise and Fall of Handwriting [PAR] , Kitty Burns Florey recounts how, in the 18th century, writing masters urged six to 12 hours a day of practice. But in 2006 only 15 per cent of students taking the SAT wrote out their essays in cursive script, with the other 85 per cent using block letters. Learning cursive takes up less time in classrooms these days, as \u201ckeyboarding\u201d becomes the educator\u2019s priority. source: The Globe and Mail, March 5, 2011: \u201cWhat\u2019s your typeface?\u201d by Katrina Onstad [PAR] Yet some people will proclaim (loudly): Good penmanship shows the world we are civilized. Many more still \u201ccling to handwriting out of a romantic sense that script expresses identity,\u201d argues Oberlin professor Anne Trubek . [PAR] There is indeed a romantic feel to the idea of putting pen to paper. With the proliferation of e-mail and texting, most of us can go days (weeks? months?) without hand writing a single sentence. The scarcity of the experience renders it desirable. Poor penmanship is not (and ought not to be) shameful; yet who doesn\u2019t secretly crave perfect handwriting? [PAR] On a practical note, the Palmer Method is experiencing renewed attention from those working in facilitated communication for the disabled. Because the Palmer method focuses on shoulder and arm movements, it\u2019s said to be helpful for many with limited movement of the fingers. source: Wikipedia.org [PAR] Regardless of your motivation for learning the Palmer Method, take these lessons with a grain of salt. Typewriting and keyboarding have liberated the less dexterous among us who struggled with handwriting \u2013 and this is undeniably a Very Good Thing. [PAR] With tongue planted firmly in cheek, this website strives to preserve the original text\u2019s emphasis on regimentation, discipline and character-building through good penmanship. Consider this a historical snapshot, if you will, of a pedagogical approach from a bygone era. [PAR] Sign up for news and updates [PAR] Please join our mailing list to receive news about new lessons, special offers, and more. Mailings are infrequent, and you can unsubscribe at any time. [PAR] First Name:"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Merlot Wine - Snooth Merlot Wine [PAR] Parentage: Offspring of Cabernet Franc [PAR] Aliases: Picard, Langon [PAR] Grape Color: Black [PAR] Regions: Bourdeaux, Napa Valley, Sonoma County, Chilean Central Valley, Australia [PAR] The Occitanian word \u201cmerlot\u201d translates to \u201cyoung blackbird.\u201d An accurate description for this popular, early-budding red wine grape, which also happens to be a close cousin to Cabernet Sauvignon. Used for both blending and as a varietal, this grape originates from France\u2019s Bordeaux region, and is a primary grape in Bordeaux wine. [PAR] Two thirds of the world\u2019s total planted Merlot grapes are grown in France. After that, it is Italy\u2019s 5th most planted grape. Merlot surged to popularity in the United States in the 1990s. [PAR] Contrary to its Vitis Vinifera sibling, Pinot Noir, Merlot grows in loose bunches of berries. It\u2019s a fragile grape, and its early ripening qualities make it vulnerable to risks such as frost and rotting. That being said, Merlot wines tend to be Read more \u00bb [PAR] Species: Vitis Vinifera [PAR] Parentage: Offspring of Cabernet Franc [PAR] Aliases: Picard, Langon [PAR] Grape Color: Black [PAR] Regions: Bourdeaux, Napa Valley, Sonoma County, Chilean Central Valley, Australia [PAR] The Occitanian word \u201cmerlot\u201d translates to \u201cyoung blackbird.\u201d An accurate description for this popular, early-budding red wine grape, which also happens to be a close cousin to Cabernet Sauvignon. Used for both blending and as a varietal, this grape originates from France\u2019s Bordeaux region, and is a primary grape in Bordeaux wine. [PAR] Two thirds of the world\u2019s total planted Merlot grapes are grown in France. After that, it is Italy\u2019s 5th most planted grape. Merlot surged to popularity in the United States in the 1990s. [PAR] Contrary to its Vitis Vinifera sibling, Pinot Noir, Merlot grows in loose bunches of berries. It\u2019s a fragile grape, and its early ripening qualities make it vulnerable to risks such as frost and rotting. That being said, Merlot wines tend to be incredibly soft, fruity, and smooth in texture. This softness, along with its medium body, is the very element it adds to traditional Bordeaux wines. [PAR] Merlot comprises of high sugar content and low acidity, which allows it to be paired with a large buffet of food options. The grape is best grown in a dry, warm climate. Its flavors fluctuate within the sweetness spectrum -- while cooler climates bring out hints of berries, plum, and even tobacco, Merlot grown in a hot climate will taste similar to fruitcake or chocolate. [PAR] Regardless of all these factors, you will know when a Merlot wine is at its best. Mature. Dry. Soft and silky, but rich in flavor. And always, smooth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] aibuenglit / A Short History Of The English Monarchy From ... aibuenglit / A Short History Of The English Monarchy From Anglo-Saxons to 1660 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Royal Arms of England, as introduced by King Richard the Lionheart in 1198, and before its later quarterings with other shields, additions of supporters and other embellishments. [PAR] The first person to assume the title King of the English was Offa of Mercia , though his power did not survive him. In the 9th century the kings of Wessex , who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825, became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England. The conquest of Northumbria, East Anglia and half of Mercia by the Danes left Alfred the Great of Wessex as the only surviving English king. He successfully resisted a series of Danish invasions and brought the remaining half of Mercia under the sovereignty of Wessex. [PAR] The continuous list of English monarchs traditionally begins with Egbert of Wessex in 829. The English kingdom was not permanently unified until 927, under Athelstan. The Principality of Wales was incorporated into the Kingdom of England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 and, in 1301. Edward invested his eldest son, Edward of Caernarfon, as Prince of Wales. Since that time, with the exception of Edward III, the eldest sons of all English monarchs have borne this title. After the death of Elizabeth I of England in 1603, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were united under James I and VI. By royal proclamation James titled himself 'King of Great Britain'. England underwent political union with Scotland, in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Since that date the title King or Queen of England is incorrect, though has remained in usage to the present day. In 1801 Great Britain incorporated the Kingdom of Ireland which had been under English rule since Henry II. [PAR] [PAR] Royal houses [PAR] [PAR] A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation, or family name of sorts, used by royalty. It generally represents the members of a family in various senior and junior or cadet branches, who are loosely related but not necessarily of the same immediate kin. Unlike most westerners, many of the world's royal families do not have family names, and those that have adopted them rarely use them. They are referred to instead by their titles, often related to an area ruled or once ruled by that family. The name of a Royal House is not a surname; it is just a convenient way of dynastic identification of individuals. [PAR] Because of royal intermarriage and the creation of cadet branches, a royal house generally will not entirely correspond to one immediate family or place; members of the same house in different branches may rule entirely different countries and only be vaguely related; the family may have originated entirely elsewhere. The Capetian dynasty (that includes any direct descendant of Hugh Capet of France) is the oldest continuously ruling monarchial dynasty in Europe \u2013 it originates in 987 and is the current ruling house of Spain and Luxembourg. [PAR] The House of Wettin, as another example, originated in Germany as a comital family. Today, it no longer holds any status in Germany, but different branches sit on various thrones, including those of the United Kingdom, and Belgium. Former monarchs of Portugal and Bulgaria also belonged to this house, although they were not especially closely related to the aforementioned lines, as they descended from different branches, some of them distinct for many generations. [PAR] Royal house names"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US Ambassador \u2013 Forms of Address US Ambassador [PAR] FYI, here is what's come in to the Blog that relates to this office/rank. [PAR] For recent questions sent in, check out Robert Hickey's Blog . [PAR] For specific offices/ranks, check out Robert Hickey's On-Line Guide . [PAR] How to Address a Retired / Former [PAR] US Ambassador? [PAR] How do I address a retired American Ambassador? He was a member of the U.S. Foreign Service so he was a diplomat for a long time before he was an ambassador. [PAR] -- Carol Bentley [PAR] How do I address someone who served as an American Ambassador? He was a close personal friend of The President and served for four years. [PAR] -- Keith Inge [PAR] Dear Ms. Bentley & Mr. Inge: [PAR] Any retired or former ambassador is addressed on the envelope, or in the address block of the letter, in the standard style used for addressing high US officials: [PAR] The Honorable (Full name) [PAR] And, in the salutation or conversation he/she would be addressed as: [PAR] Dear Ambassador (Surname), [PAR] The difference between ambassadors will arise when you introduce them, describe them, give their title, or identify them in writing. [PAR] How to identify a political appointee who served as a Ambassador? [PAR] Those appointed to serve as a U.S. ambassador after a career in another field (typically they serve just one administration, more or less) are introduced as: [PAR] Ambassador of the United States to (Name of Country) from Year to Year [PAR] or [PAR] Former Ambassador of the United States to (Name of Country) [PAR] Who can be identified as a \"Career Ambassador, Retired\"? [PAR] There are certain individuals who can be identified as a Career Ambassador. They have been accorded the \u201cPersonal Rank of Career Ambassador\u201d by the President. If you do a web search for \"career-ambassador U.S. Department of State\" you find the list. There aren't many. This small category of ambassadors is introduced or identified as: [PAR] Career Ambassador of the Foreign Service of the United States of America, Retired [PAR] Who can be identified as a \"Ambassador, Retired\"? [PAR] Career U.S. Foreign Service Officers who have served as a U.S. Ambassador at one or more U.S. embassies are introduced or identified as: [PAR] Ambassador of the United States of America, Retired [PAR] How to Address an Ambassador: [PAR] Your Excellency? or The Honorable? [PAR] I see some ambassador's names written as The Honorable (full name) and others as His Excellency (full name). Which is correct? The ambassador who is coming is the French Ambassador. How should I write his name? [PAR] ~ The Diva of Diplomats [PAR] 1) An ambassador of the United States is addressed by US citizens as: [PAR] The Honorable (full name) [PAR] The Ambassador of the United States of America [PAR] (Address) [PAR] The form -- the Honorable -- is used because US citizens formally address their own officials as the Honorable (Full Name). [PAR] 2) Any foreign ambassador is addressed as: [PAR] His/Her Excellency (full name) [PAR] The Ambassador of (official name of country) [PAR] (Address) [PAR] Form #2 is standard around the world for addressing ambassadors. Even US ambassadors are addressed as His/Her/Your Excellency when they serve abroad by citizens of the countries in which they are serving. [PAR] Thus, the French Ambassador to the USA is addressed as: [PAR] His Excellency (full name) [PAR] The Ambassador of the French Republic [PAR] (Address) [PAR] How to Address Current Ambassadors [PAR] At-Post (In the Country where They Serve) [PAR] vs. Back Home (In the USA)? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] timeline of same sex marriage : definition of timeline of ... timeline of same sex marriage : definition of timeline of same sex marriage and synonyms of timeline of same sex marriage (English) [PAR] Significant events regarding recognition of same-sex couples [PAR] 2012 [PAR] July 25: The Government of Scotland announces plans to introduce legislation to legalise same-sex marriage in 2015. [1] [PAR] July 10: The Dail, the Irish Parliament, refers the issue of whether to make provision for same sex marriage to a Convention on the Constitution, to report back in a year. [PAR] July 6: The Ministry of Justice in Vietnam begins consulting organizations about the legislation of same-sex marriage in 2013, after controversy over a marriage between two men in the Kien Gang province. [2] [PAR] July 3: In France, Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault announces plans to legalize same-sex marriage and adoption by same-sex couples in early 2013 [3] [PAR] June 15: Same-sex marriage becomes legal in Denmark . [4] [PAR] June 10: A judicial court in Uruguay declares a foreign same-sex marriage valid, making it the first legal same-sex marriage in the country. [5] In the ruling, the judge also said that local laws already permit same-sex marriage, even if they don't state it literally, and that Uruguayans who marry overseas can now go to a judge to have their marriage recognized. [6] [PAR] June 7: Parliament of Denmark passes a same-sex marriage bill in a 85\u201324 vote, becoming the eighth country in Europe, and eleventh overall, to legalize same-sex marriage. [4] [7] [PAR] May 22: U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken rules Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) unconstitutional. [9] [PAR] May 14: Governor Lincoln Chafee from the US state of Rhode Island signs an executive order directing state agencies to treat same-sex marriages performed out-of-state equally under the law. [10] [11] [PAR] May 9: Barack Obama becomes the first sitting U.S. president to publicly announce support for same-sex marriage. [12] [13] [PAR] May 8: Voters in the US state of North Carolina pass a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage and civil unions in their state. [14] [PAR] April 2: Civil partnerships become legal in Jersey . [15] [PAR] March 14: The upper house of the Parliament of Switzerland approves a bill extending adoption rights to same-sex couples in a 21\u201319 vote. The bill now goes to the lower house. [16] Registered partnerships have been legal in the country since 2007. [PAR] March 1: Governor Martin O'Malley from the US state of Maryland signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. [17] The bill was previously approved by the Senate , 25\u201322, on February 23 [18] and by the House , 72\u201367, on February 17. [19] Opponents begin to collect signatures to subject it to a referendum on the November 2012 ballot. The law is set to take effect on January 1, 2013 \u2013 well after the referendum would take place. [20] [PAR] February 23: Civil partnerships become legal in Queensland, Australia . [21] [PAR] February 22: In the case of Golinski v. Office of Personnel Management, another U.S. District Court rules Section 3 of DOMA unconstitutional. [22] [PAR] February 17: Governor Chris Christie from the US state of New Jersey vetoes a same-sex marriage bill [23] that was passed 41\u201333 by the Assembly a day earlier [24] and 24\u201316 by the Senate on February 13. [25] Proponents said they will build support to override the veto during the current legislative period, which ends in 2014. [PAR] February 13: Governor Chris Gregoire from the US state of Washington signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Knights of Classic Drama at the BBC\" Dames of Classic ... \"Knights of Classic Drama at the BBC\" Dames of Classic Drama (TV Episode 2015) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 8:05 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] All Episodes (2) [PAR] Next [PAR] A companion piece to \"Knights of Classic Drama,\" this documentary outlines some of the early career appearances of Britain's greatest actresses in the BBC Television archives. [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Title: Dames of Classic Drama (08 Nov 2015) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A companion piece to \"Knights of Classic Drama,\" this documentary outlines some of the early career appearances of Britain's greatest actresses in the BBC Television archives. [PAR] 8 November 2015 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Company Credits [PAR] (United Kingdom) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Dames of Classic Drama at the BBC is a companion piece to the Knights of Classic Drama at the BBC which is just an excuse to see old clips of some the nation's greatest actress when they were younger. [PAR] Judi Dench, Eileen Atkins, Maggie Smith, Diana Rigg, Helen Mirren and Vanessa Redgrave are featured. Hold on, Vanessa Redgrave is not a Dame (notably included on account that she allegedly turned down the title some years ago.) However they could had also included Glenda Jackson as well as I find it hard to believe that a two time Oscar winning actress has never been offered the title in the past. [PAR] Judi Dench and Maggie Smith have regularly appeared on the BBC throughout the decades. Less so with Helen Mirren who seems to have mixed films with television dramas on ITV since the early 1980s. Even her Oscar winning performance was co-produced by ITV. Diana Rigg came to prominence in the ITV series The Avengers. [PAR] Still it was good to see these actresses in their early performances. Redgrave playing Miss Jean Brodie on the stage and unsure whether to play her in the film version which Maggie Smith took and bagged an Oscar. [PAR] We see Helen Mirren starting out in the late 1960s, she was brash, had attitude and was willing to use sex appeal. She was also amassing the classical stage roles from an early age and we got to see clips from a rare BBC co-produced film where she was wearing a basque and in danger of popping out. [PAR] We also see Parkinson being a little chauvinistic towards her when he interviewed her in the 1970s. However he interviewed again in the early noughties when Helen Mirren pulled his leg for being intimidated by having an all woman lineup for that edition of his chat show. [PAR] Still at a time when the BBC are under attack from licence fee cuts in real terms it is good to see some of the nation's drama heritage being displayed. [PAR] 0 of 0 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes[DOC] [TLE] Judi Dench - Modelcruz - Google Sites Judi Dench - Modelcruz [PAR] Modelcruz [PAR] Top Actress"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Duck: 10 surprising facts about Walt Disney's ... Donald Duck: 10 surprising facts about Walt Disney's character - Telegraph [PAR] Disney [PAR] Donald Duck: 10 surprising facts about Walt Disney's character [PAR] Donald Duck was born \u2013 in Walt Disney's cartoon The Wise Little Hen \u2013 80 years ago. Here are 10 facts about the cartoon superstar [PAR] Donald Duck made his first appearance in a film on June 9, 1934 Photo: Rex Features [PAR] By Telegraph Reporters [PAR] 10:50AM BST 09 Jun 2014 [PAR] \u2022 DONALD DUCK was created by Walt Disney when he heard Clarence Nash doing his \"duck\" voice while reciting Mary Had a Little Lamb. Disney wanted a character that was more negative than Mickey Mouse, so the bad-tempered Duck was born. Nash voiced the character from 1934 to 1983, training Tony Anselmo to take over. \"Donald, I can't understand a word ya say,\u201d Mickey Mouse says. [PAR] \u2022 HIS MIDDLE NAME is Fauntleroy (first revealed in the 1942 film Donald Gets Drafted), and he is reportedly the only major Disney character with an official middle name. He has a twin sister named Dumbella. In the late Thirties, Donald was joined by his perennial girlfriend, Daisy Duck, and by his three mischievous nephews, Huey, Dewey, and Louie. [PAR] \u2022 RAY DAVIES of the Kinks namechecks Donald Duck in the opening lines of his 1968 song We are the Village Green Preservation Society, with the lyrics: [PAR] We are the Village Green Preservation Society, [PAR] God save Donald Duck, Vaudeville and Variety [PAR] \u2022 A SPECIAL microphone, The Neumann TLM-170, was used to record Donald\u2019s voice. Preferred for its warmth, this microphone also rounds out the high tones and smoothes the \u201csplat\u201d in Donald\u2019s voice. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Ninety years of Disney: in pictures [PAR] 16 Oct 2013 [PAR] \u2022 DONALD DUCK first appeared on the silver screen on June 9, 1934, in the animated short film, The Wise Little Hen, dancing to the Sailor's Hornpipe. He has gone on to star in seven feature films--which is more than any of his Disney counterparts. He is six years younger than Mickey Mouse. [PAR] \u2022 HE WON AN OSCAR for the 1943 animated short Der Feuhrer's Face, which was originally titled Donald Duck in NutziLand. The anti-Nazi cartoon begins with music from Wagner's comic opera Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg and also features Groucho Marx's singing. [PAR] \u2022 FINNISH voters who want to register a protest vote mark their ballots with the name Donald Duck. [PAR] \u2022 DONALD DUCK, who usually wears a sailor shirt, cap, and a red or black bow tie, but no trousers, is the only popular film and TV cartoon character to appear as a mascot for the sports team of a major American university, namely, the Oregon Ducks at the University of Oregon. [PAR] \u2022 WALT DISNEY said of the character: \"One of the greatest satisfactions in our work here at the studio is the warm relationship that exists within our cartoon family. Mickey, Pluto, Goofy, and the whole gang have always been a lot of fun to work with. But like many large families, we have a problem child. You\u2019re right, it\u2019s Donald Duck.\u201d [PAR] \u2022 THE renowned early illustrators of Donald Duck were Al Taliaferro, Carl Barks, and Don Rosa. Donald Duck first appeared as a drawing in a May 1934 issue of Good Housekeeping magazine promoting the June film The Wise Little Hen. The magazine is sought after by collectors."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Check Your Navigation Lights - BoatSafe.com Navigation Lights - BoatSafe.com [PAR] Check Your Navigation Lights [PAR] Will You Be Seen In Time? [PAR] Operating at night (or in reduced visibility) can present some special challenges. Not only is your depth perception lessened, bright lights on the shore can cast misleading reflections on the water and if you wear glasses, or worse yet bifocals, you simply don't see as well at night as you do during the day. [PAR] It is not only important that you be able to identify other vessels operating in your proximity, it is equally important that other vessels see you.Most recreational vessels are less than 30 feet in length and, according to the Rules of the Road, shall be equipped with navigation lights. These lights not only have a certain arc through which they can be seen but must be seen from a minimum distance. The following lighting requirements are for recreational vessels less than 12 meters in length. (approximately 39.4') [PAR] Light [PAR] White [PAR] 2 [PAR] The arc of the lights and color allows you to determine the direction a vessel is moving. How good are your lights? You should test them to see how visible you might be at night. Whether on a trailer or at the marina, switch on your lights and see how well they can be seen. Walk away from the boat or row away, if you are at anchor or at a mooring, and see how visible the lights are as you move further away. How easy are they to see against the background of lights on shore? [PAR] Does your stern light shine dead astern over the required 135\u00ba arc or does it shine to one side or up or down. Can it be seen from the required 2 miles and why is that important? As an example, let's say that your stern light for some reason can only be seen for 1/2 mile. You are underway at 8 knots and a large ship is approaching at 15 knots. The ship is only 4 minutes away from collision with you. By the time the ship \"might\" see you, identify the light and decide on the reaction that should be taken, it is too late. A ship traveling at 15 knots may take miles to stop. [PAR] Look at the stern light again, as you move from the stern toward the bow, does the stern light \"disappear\" as the sidelight \"appears\"? The stern light should disappear and sidelight appear at 22.5\u00ba abaft the beam. If you don't see the green starboard sidelight or the red port sidelight when the stern light disappears there is a problem with the arc of one or all these lights. This means that if another boat were approaching you at the angle where no lights are seen there is increase risk of collision. [PAR] If both the sternlight and sidelights are seen brightly at the same time you still have a problem. A vessel approaching won't know whether they are overtaking or crossing and whether they should give-way or stand-on. [PAR] You should also check to make sure that your masthead light disappears at the same time each sidelight disappears and they both disappear when the stern light appears. [PAR] Check your sidelights from dead ahead. You should see both red and green. However, by moving toward one side just 1-3\u00ba you should then see only one light. If you still see two lights, an approaching vessel won't be able to tell which direction your are going. [PAR] It is very important"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many players are on the field at a time per play in ... How many players are on the field at a time per play in football? | Reference.com [PAR] How many players are on the field at a time per play in football? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In an official American football game, there are a total of 22 players with 11 players from each team on the field per play. Any team that fields more than 11 players per play receives a penalty. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The positions of the players on the field are primarily determined by whether their team is on offense or defense. The usual offensive formation involves five offensive lineman, a quarterback and a mix of various running backs, wide receivers and tight ends. The defensive side consists of three to four defensive lineman, followed by a row of three or four linebackers. The last part of the defense is normally made up of two safeties and two cornerbacks.[DOC] [TLE] How Many Players On A Football Team | Made Man How Many Players On A Football Team | Made Man [PAR] How Many Players On A Football Team [PAR] Facebook Twitter Stumble Google+ Save [PAR] How many players on a football team? The number of players on a football team will vary because there are different league requirements. Also, keep in mind that the word football can be addressed to more that one particular sport. A typical football team will be a high school football team, a college football team, and a professional football team. Let us find out how many players are on a football team. [PAR] Finding out how many players on a football team in the high school league is determined by many factors. The funding for high school football teams in some states determine how many players are able to be on the team. Sometimes coaches can make their own decisions as to how many players can be on the team. In some states, the state\u2019s governing body may determine how many players are on a high school football team. The number of high school football players on a team may average between 40 to 50 players. [PAR] Knowing how many players on a football team in the collegiate league is determined by many factors. A college team can have up to 125 players or more and the team roster will vary at each college. In fact, there is no rule restriction that limits the number of players that can dress out for an American college football game. That is probably why we see so many college football players running onto the field at the beginning of a game and leaving the field at the end of the game. [PAR] Locating how many football players on a football team in the professional league is not hard to do. Simply put, there is an 80 man roster and 53 active players. The offense has eleven players and the defense has eleven players with back-up players. There is also a special teams unit that punts the football and kicks the football and they perform other duties as well. All football teams do have eleven players on the football field at one time. [PAR] show comments [PAR] You may need to grab a razor and ditch the facial fuzz. [PAR] Related Articles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Authentic ZZ TOP Tribute Band | with real beards | sharp ... | Authentic ZZ TOP Tribute Band | with real beards | sharp dressed clothes | ZZ's stage moves | and first class musicianship [PAR] ZZ Home [PAR] ZZ Tripp @ The Dixie in Cape Coral, Florida [PAR] A phenomenal 3 piece band with that Texas Boogie groove, authentic with real beards, sharp dressed clothes, ZZ\u2019s stage moves, props, and first class musicianship. This stunning show delivers the magic of a live ZZ Top performance in their early years. The songs are structured like their studio work, but with some of ZZ Top\u2019s signature live elements added in. A 2-hour spectacular of classic hits, spanning over 40 Years of ZZ Top\u2019s greatest songs, as well as some of their obscure songs that should have been hits. ZZ Tripp is more than just a performance, it is an act, an illusion, a locomotive roaring down the track, a show that\u2019s guaranteed to have everyone grooving, boogieing, singing and dancing in the isles \u2013 consisting of veteran musicians: Brad Alan playing Billy Gibbons on guitar, Dan Kress playing Dusty Hill on bass, and Tom Summerlin playing Frank Beard on drums.[DOC] [TLE] Upcoming Events - | Authentic ZZ TOP Tribute Band | with ... Upcoming Events | [PAR] Authentic ZZ TOP Tribute Band | with real beards | sharp dressed clothes | ZZ's stage moves | and first class musicianship [PAR] Menu"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers Europe USAREUR Units - HQ SHAPE [PAR] Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers Europe, Rocquencourt, France (John McCulloch) [PAR] [PAR] Main gate, Headquarters SHAPE (John McCulloch) [PAR] [PAR] Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers Europe, Casteau, Belgium (probably late 1960s) [PAR] [PAR] SHAPE Operations Center and the Forward Scatter System (CriticalPast website) [PAR] 1950 - present (Source: www.shape.nato.int, 1998) SHAPE History [PAR] The Origins of SHAPE [PAR] Fourteen months after the allies signed the North Atlantic Treaty the Korean war erupted in June 1950, increasing fears of a Soviet attack on Western Europe. The US government was concerned about its European allies' willingness or ability to defend themselves should such an attack occur, because most European countries were in the throes of a painful post-war economic and social reconstruction. [PAR] Furthermore, in the summer of 1950, the alliance possessed only an extremely limited organisation. No NATO military commanders had been appointed, NATO military HQs or commands established and all the allies' military forces remained under national control. [PAR] The US took the lead galvanising the alliance. In autumn 1950, the US Secretary of State proposed to the NATO allies establishing a large integrated military force, consisting of units contributed by individual nations, including West Germany, controlled by a centralized military organisation which would administer and train those forces under a single NATO commander. This was a radical proposal and after some hesitation, NATO Foreign Ministers approved Mr Acheson's proposal, with the exception of German participation. They agreed to appoint a Supreme Commander supported by an international staff. He would be delegated limited authority to ensure that national units assigned to his command were organised and trained into an effective force. [PAR] In mid-December 1950, the allies unanimously asked President Truman, who agreed to nominate GEN Eisenhower as the first Supreme Commander Allied Powers Europe. Eisenhower was chosen because of his immense prestige and experience as the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe during the Second World War. His wartime experience of the politico-military difficulties involved in welding and maintaining a cohesive multinational military command structure (SHAEF) and force was to stand him in good stead while establishing SHAPE and guiding it through its first year of existence. Furthermore, Eisenhower, as were to a lesser extent his successors, was the embodiment of American power, political commitment and military presence in Europe. [PAR] Eisenhower appointed a wartime comrade, GEN Gruenther, as his Chief of Staff, who assembled a small group of US officers in Paris to establish a temporary HQ and establish his new HQ and command. This group of primarily US officers was called the SHAPE Study Group and established itself in the Hotel Astoria in Paris, not far from the Etoile. The hotel was chosen because it was used by a US communications detachment and the site guaranteed the excellent communications required. However, the hotel's location in the centre of Paris caused numerous security problems and it soon became too small for the SHAPE Study Group, let alone the SHAPE staff when they began arriving. One result was that bathrooms were used as strong rooms to store classified information. [PAR] Several countries were considered for the site of SHAPE's permanent HQ. However, countries in northern and southern Europe were considered too isolated from the rest of the command, Britain was not part of continental Europe - a psychological disadvantage for an HQ responsible for the defence of Europe - and West Germany was not a NATO member and considered too close for comfort to Soviet controlled territory. Therefore, Eisenhower's staff recommended locating SHAPE in France because it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Test Cricket - Cancelled Tours Test Cricket Tours - Cancelled Tours [PAR] England to South Africa 1890-91 [PAR] Political tension in South Africa [PAR] A proposed tour of South Africa in 1889-90, which would have included Lancashire professional Johnny Briggs, had come to nothing. Then in February 1890 James Lillywhite and George Lohmann started to organise a team to tour South Africa during the next winter. Lillywhite assured the South Africans that the team 'will be much more powerful than Major Warton's'. He continued that tourists 'in all probability \u2026 will have been secured' before his letter arrived 'as possibly an attempt to get a team for Australia might be made'. Yet in September 1890 the proposed tour was abandoned due to the ongoing political tension in South Africa. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In January 1891 Cricket reported that George Lohmann was again making preparations to take a powerful side and the South African Cricket Association had voted in of such a tour. However, on 26 February it was announced that the project had been abandoned having 'passed out of the scope of practical politics'. From 'The Beau Ideal' (Ric Sissons). Rival W W Read took his own English side in 1891-92. [PAR] [PAR] South Africa to England 1911 [PAR] Australia to England 1913 [PAR] The Triangular Tournament [PAR] To accommodate the Triangular Tournament, South Africa deferred its visit in 1911 to 1912 while Australia brought forward its visit to England from 1913 to 1912. The 1912-13 series between South Africa and Australia was dropped. [PAR] [PAR] 1915 South Africa to England [PAR] 1915-16 England (M.C.C) to Australia [PAR] 1916 Second triangular contest [PAR] 1916-17 South Africa to Australia [PAR] 1917 Australia to England [PAR] 1917-18 England (M.C.C.) to South Africa [PAR] [PAR] Australia to England 1920 [PAR] [PAR] In February 1919 the Australian Board of Control inquired whether the Marylebone Cricket Club (M.C.C.) would send an English team to Australia in 1920-21 if the Australians sent a team to England. M.C.C. considered the question of hosting an Australian team but decided it was unable to do so but might obtain the English counties\u2019 agreement to a tour in 1920. [PAR] [PAR] Postponed I.C.C. tours in the 1920s [PAR] Postponed [PAR] The Imperial Cricket Conference set down a programme of Test tours at its meeting on 6 June 1921: [PAR] 1923 South Africa to England [PAR] 1923-24 England to Australia [PAR] 1925 Australia to England [PAR] All three tours were subsequently deferred for one year. At its meeting (at Lord\u2019s) on 1 June 1926 it set down a further programme of Test tours, one of which (South Africa to England 1928) was subsequently deferred for one year to 1929 to allow new ICC member West Indies to tour England [PAR] [PAR] South Africans to India 1929 [PAR] [PAR] Anthony De Mello (who became Indian Board secretary) and the Board\u2019s first chairman R.E..Grant-Govan were in England in 1928 making plans for tours to India by South Africa in 1929 and by England in 1930-31. Meanwhile so little progress was made forming an Indian Board of Control that by the time it was done in 1929, the momentum had gone, and South Africa never went to India until 1992 (for a one-day series) or 1996 (for Test matches) [PAR] [PAR] Rearranged I.C.C. tours in the 1930s [PAR] Postponed to accommodate a full Indian tour of England [PAR] The ICC meeting at The Oval in 1929 drew up a programme of tours [PAR] New Zealand and possibly India to England 1931 : the Indian tour was deferred to 1932 [PAR] West"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hi-de-Hi! (TV Series 1980\u20131988) - IMDb Hi-de-Hi! (TV Series 1980\u20131988) - IMDb [PAR] (United Kingdom) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Based to some extent on writers, David Croft and Jimmy Perry's, own experiences as Butlins Holiday Camp entertainers in the UK during the same timescale the programme follows, \"Hi-De-Hi!\" epitomises the 'slapstick, postcard humour\" of post-war Britain. Set in the fictitious seaside town of Crimpton-on-Sea, \"Hi-De-Hi\" chronicles the comedic goings on within the Maplins Holiday Camp - one of many dotted along the British coast owned by the mega-rich, but never seen (on screen) Joe Maplin. [PAR] Although the actual show began in 1980 with the pilot episode and ran until 1988 when the BBC deemed it too tame for it's cutting edge comedy department, seasons 1-5 focused on 1959 while seasons 6-9 spotlighted 1960 - a time when the old style British Holiday Camp began to fall into decline. During the first 5 seasons, Jeffrey Fairbrother (played brilliantly by the late, great Simon Cadell) was the camp's entertainment manager; a well meaning, yet slightly pensive ex-university professor breaking free of his upper class background and venturing into the \"real\" world to head his team of entertainment staff who were in stark contrast to his own laid-back personality. From season 6 onwards, Fairbrother was replaced by Clive Dempster (played by David Griffin when Cadell quit the show at the height of it's popularity), an ex-RAF war hero who, in many ways, was similar to Cadell's character in background, but more a scoundrel than a gentleman. [PAR] However, the real stars of \"Hi-De-Hi\" throughout the nine seasons were Ted Bovis (played superbly by Paul Shane), a stereotypical working class, ale drinking, bawdy comic - someone who could never resist an opportunity to fiddle the campers; Gladys Pugh (played by Ruth Madoc who's currently experiencing a career comeback with appearances in the hit BBC Comedy, \"Little Britain\"), chief Yellowcoat (what the entertainment staff were called because of their bright yellow jackets) and sports organiser - but more importantly, the one person who saved Jeffrey Fairbrother and Clive Dempster from embarrassment by covering up their inexperience in running a holiday camp; Peggy Ollerenshaw (Su Pollard), the slightly dopey, yet lovable lowly chalet maid with a burning ambition to become a Yellowcoat, and Spike Dixon (Jeffrey Holland), Ted's innocent prot\u00e9g\u00e9 learning more about 'show business' than he hoped for. [PAR] As usual with a Croft & Perry production, the assembled cast of characters were a bunch of misfits played superbly by the actors involved. Mr. Partridge (played by the late Leslie Dwyer, who was in his 70's by the time he left the show), the alcoholic child-hating children's entertainer; Fred Quilly (Felix Bowness), a former champion jockey with a dubious past; Yvonne & Barry Stuart-Hargreaves (Dianne Holland & Barry Howard), the snobbish former ballroom dancing champions who were in the twilight of their careers; and Sylvia and Betty (Nikki Kelly and Rikki Howard), the two main girl Yellowcoats who were always looking for the type of fun Joe Maplin would never allow in one of his camps. [PAR] \"Hi-De-Hi\" typified the slapstick era of the late 50s with it's saucy and, to a certain degree, vulgar \"tongue-in-cheek\" humour (jokes about people sitting on toilets and anecdotes about 'women with big knockers' were the order of the day). But despite it's whiff of \"Carry On\" funniness, it was always so innocent and became something of recommended family viewing back in the 80's. Of course, the critics of the show remarked that the show had outstayed it's welcome by a good couple of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Lennon Interview: London Evening Standard 3/4/1966 ... John Lennon Interview: London Evening Standard 3/4/1966 - How Does A Beatle Live? Maureen Cleave - \"We're More popular than Jesus Now\" - Beatles Interviews Database [PAR] John Lennon Interview: London Evening Standard, \"More Popular Than Jesus\" 3/4/1966 [PAR] QUICK MENU [PAR] ABOUT THIS INTERVIEW: [PAR] Reporter Maureen Cleave, a good friend of John Lennon's, wrote a personality article about him that would be published in the March 4th 1966 edition of the London Evening Standard. Cleave's piece was intended to present a portrait of the behind-the-scenes Lennon, and was entitled 'How Does A Beatle Live? John Lennon Lives Like This.' The article contained a number of Lennon musings, remarks and random thoughts from a recent conversation she had with him at his home in Weybridge, including John's personal view of the current state of religion: \"Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink. I needn't argue about that; I'm right and I will be proved right. We're more popular than Jesus now. I don't know which will go first, rock 'n' roll or Christianity. Jesus was all right but his disciples were thick and ordinary. It's them twisting it that ruins it for me.\" [PAR] A separate article with different content, including portions of the Jesus quote out of context from the original article, was published in the American teen fanzine 'Datebook' just before the Beatles' 1966 American tour. [PAR] Word-of-mouth rumors in America about John Lennon's Jesus quote spread quickly among anti-Beatle factions, even further out of context, as the ridiculous egocentric headline: 'John says Beatles are bigger than Jesus.' The outrage and reaction mostly seemed to be coming from the 'bible belt' in America. [PAR] John would later remark during a press conference in Chicago on August 12th during the Beatles' 1966 North American tour, \"We could've just sort of hidden in England and said, 'We're not going, we're not going!' You know, that occured to me when I heard it all. I couldn't remember saying it. I couldn't remember the article. I was panicking, saying, 'I'm not going at all,' you know. But if they sort of straighten it out, it will be worth it, and good.\" [PAR] Lennon continued, \"When it came out in England it was a bit of a blab-mouthed saying anyway... A few people wrote into the papers, and a few wrote back saying, 'So what, he said that. Who is he anyway,' or they said, 'So, he can have his own opinion.' And then it just vanished. It was very small. But... you know, when it gets over here and then it's put into a kid's magazine, and just parts of it or whatever was put in, it just loses its meaning or its context immediately... and everybody starts making their own versions of it.\" John would be asked many times during the 1966 tour to clarify what he had intended to say. Lennon explained in Chicago: \"My views are only from what I've read or observed of christianity and what it was, and what it has been, or what it could be. It just seems to me to be shrinking. I'm not knocking it or saying it's bad. I'm just saying it seems to be shrinking and losing contact.\" [PAR] In some cities, reporters would ask Lennon to explain the Jesus comment repeatedly -- even multple times within a single press conference -- baiting him to become upset or to say something even further inflammatory. Knowing their game, John kept his cool. [PAR] The public outcry against Lennon had been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Titanic - Belfast's Titanic Shipyard Titanic - Belfast's Titanic Shipyard [PAR] Belfast's Titanic Shipyard [PAR] \u2013 Belfast's Harland & Wolff Shipyard where Titanic was built. [PAR] [PAR] Belfast\u2019s shipbuilding industry expanded rapidly in the late 19th century. As the size and numbers of new ships increased, Harland & Wolff continuously expanded and improved their Queen\u2019s Island yard. [PAR] In 1854, the Harland & Wollff shipyard covered an area of only 1.5 acres and employed 100 men. By 1897, the growth of the company meant that its yards occupied 80 acres and employed 10,000 men. [PAR] This drawing illustrates the scale of the shipyard prior to its reorganisation in 1907/08 for the construction of Olympic & Titanic. The commercial docks in the foreground clearly show how trade dominated the western side of the River Lagan, while shipbuilding was the major activity to the east."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] California Governor/ Terminator Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Schwarzenegger: Biography [PAR] Arnold Schwarzenegger [PAR] 3 [PAR] This world-famous athlete and actor was born in Thal, Austria in 1947, and by the age of 20 was dominating the sport of competitive bodybuilding, becoming the youngest person ever to win the Mr. Universe title. [PAR] By generating a new international audience for bodybuilding, Schwarzenegger turned himself into a sports icon. With his sights set on Hollywood, he emigrated to America in 1968 and went on to win five Mr. Universe titles and seven Mr. Olympia titles before retiring to dedicate himself to acting. Later, he would go on to earn a college degree from the University of Wisconsin and proudly became a U.S. citizen. [PAR] Schwarzenegger, who worked under the pseudonym Arnold Strong in his first feature, Hercules in New York, quickly made a name for himself in Hollywood. In 1977, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association recognized him with a Golden Globe for New Male Star of the Year for his role in Stay Hungry opposite Sally Field. His big break came in 1982 when the sword and sorcery epic, Conan the Barbarian, hit box office gold. [PAR] In 1984, Schwarzenegger blew up the screen and catapulted himself into cinema history as the title character in Jim Cameron\u2019s sci-fi thriller, Terminator. [PAR] He is the only actor to be in both categories of the American Film Institute\u2019s \u201cHundred Years of Heroes and Villains\u201d for roles he played in the Terminator series. Other memorable characters include roles in Commando, Predator, Twins, Total Recall, True Lies, Eraser, Collateral Damage, Terminator 3: Rise Of The Machines and a cameo in Sylvester Stallone\u2019s homage to action films, The Expendables and an expanded role in The Expendables 2, among others. To date, his films have grossed over $3 billion worldwide. [PAR] He gratefully served the people of California as the state\u2019s 38th governor from 2003 to 2010. First elected in California\u2019s historic recall election, Governor Schwarzenegger ushered in an era of innovative leadership and extraordinary public service. [PAR] But it is Schwarzenegger\u2019s commitment to giving something back to his state and to his country through public service that gives him the most satisfaction; donating his time, energy, and personal finances to serving others all over the world. [PAR] Schwarzenegger acts as Chairman of the After School All-Stars, a nationwide after-school program, and serves as coach and international torch-bearer for Special Olympics. He also served as Chairman of the President\u2019s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under George H. W. Bush and as Chair of the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson. [PAR] Most notably, Schwarzenegger made California a world leader on renewable energy and combating climate change with the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, set a revolutionary political reform agenda, and became the first governor in decades to invest in rebuilding California\u2019s critical infrastructure with his Strategic Growth Plan. He also dedicated himself to promoting physical education and after-school programs, and continues to commit his time, energy and personal finances to charitable organizations around the world. [PAR] Schwarzenegger is currently back in Hollywood making films and working on his autobiography, Total Recall: My Unbelievably True Life Story, due out this fall. [PAR] TOTAL RECALL [PAR] My Unbelievably True Life Story [PAR] BUY THE BOOK"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mimi Rogers on Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes' Divorce: \"I ... Mimi Rogers on Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes' Divorce: \"I Wish Them the Best\" - Us Weekly [PAR] Mimi Rogers on Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes' Divorce: \"I Wish Them the Best\" [PAR] August 7, 2012 @ 11:10 AM [PAR] [PAR] Tom Cruise and Mimi Rogers Credit: Jim Smeal/WireImage.com [PAR] Katie Holmes wasn't the first actress to be called Mrs. Tom Cruise. [PAR] From 1987-1990, Mimi Rogers was married to the Risky Business actor, 50; it was the actress' second marriage and Cruise's first. [PAR] At the premiere of Hope Springs in New York City August 6, Rogers opened up to Us Weekly about Cruise's recent split with his third wife, Katie Holmes, 33. \"I wish them both the best. There's not much else to say. I really do, though,\" Rogers, 56, said. She then reiterated, \"I wish them the best.\" [PAR] PHOTOS: Tom Cruise and Suri's cutest moments [PAR] Rogers has been married to producer Chris Ciaffa since 2003; they are parents to Lucy (born in 1994) and Charles (born in 2001). \"I think marriage is hard work no matter what,\" she said, referencing the central theme in Hope Springs (starring Meryl Streep and Tommy Lee Jones). \"I think it's about first and foremost being great friends.\" [PAR] Though Rogers isn't taking sides in her ex's latest divorce drama, a source recently told Us that Holmes consulted Cruise's second wife, Nicole Kidman, in the final days of her marriage. [PAR] Katie Holmes, Nicole Kidman Jeff Vespa/Getty Images; Eric Ryan/Getty Images [PAR] Kidman, 45, \"offered her support and help since she's been there,\" the source explained. \"She has been a private friend not many people know about. She told Katie her life is great now and she has no regrets.\"[DOC] [TLE] Tom Cruise - Biography - IMDb Tom Cruise - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Tom Cruise [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 262 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (170) | Personal Quotes (52) | Salary (26) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] In 1976, if you had told 14 year old Franciscan seminary student Thomas Cruise Mapother IV that one day in the not too distant future he would be considered one of the top 100 movie stars of all time, he would have probably grinned and told you that his ambition was to become a priest. Nonetheless, this sensitive, deeply religious youngster who was born in 1962 in Syracuse, New York, was destined to become Tom Cruise, one of the highest paid and most sought after actors in screen history. The only son (among four children) of nomadic parents young Tom spent his boyhood eternally on the move and by the time he was 14 he had attended 15 different schools in the US and Canada. He finally settled in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, with his mother and her new husband. While in high school, he developed an interest in acting and abandoned his plans of becoming a priest, dropped out of school, and at age 18 headed for New York and a possible acting career. The next 15 years of his life are the stuff of legends. He made his film debut with a small part in Endless Love (1981) and from the outset exhibited an undeniable box office appeal to both male and female audiences. [PAR] Though below average height and not particularly handsome in the traditional sense, within 5 years Tom Cruise was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2000 Squiddy Winners--Full Results - Google Groups 2000 Squiddy Winners--Full Results - Google Groups [PAR] 2000 Squiddy Winners--Full Results [PAR] 2000 SQUIDDY AWARD WINNERS--FULL RESULTS [PAR] Below are the full results of the 2000 Squiddies. These results were complied [PAR] from 144 eligible ballots, with votes covering a total of 1108 separate items. [PAR] Results are listed by category and number of votes received. [PAR] BEST WRITER [PAR] 11: Christopher Priest, Kurt Busiek [PAR] 7: Garth Ennis [PAR] 3: Ed Brubaker, Greg Rucka, Paul Jenkins [PAR] 2: Chuck Dixon, Dave Sim, Eddie Campbell, Fabian Nicieza, Linda Medley, Mark [PAR] Waid, Mike Carey, Peter David, Terry Moore [PAR] 1: Alex Robinson, Andi Watson, Batton Lash, Brian Azzarello, Chris Claremont, [PAR] David Mack, Eric Shanower, Grant Morrison, Howard Mackie, James Robinson, Joe [PAR] Sacco, John Kovalic, John Porcellino, John Wagner, Mike Mignola [PAR] BEST PENCILLER [PAR] 14: Bryan Hitch, J.H. Williams III [PAR] 9: John Cassaday [PAR] 4: Alan Davis, Gary Frank [PAR] 3: Carla Speed McNeil, Darick Robertson, Dave Sim, Eric Shanower, Frank [PAR] Quitely, Jeff Moy, Phil Jimenez [PAR] 2: Andy Kubert, Brent Anderson, Jeff Smith, John Byrne, Mark Bagley, Peter [PAR] Snejbjerg, Stephen Sadowski [PAR] 1: Adam Kubert, Andi Watson, Chris Ware, Dale Eaglesham, Damion Scott, Dave [PAR] Cooper, Eduardo Risso, Jackson Guice, Jae Lee, Joe Quesada, John Romita, Jr., [PAR] Juan Gimenez, Michael Lark, Paul Chadwick, Paul Smith, Peter Gross, Rick [PAR] Veitch, Ryan Sook, Sal Velluto, Salvador Larocca, Sean Chen, Steve Conley, [PAR] Steve Dillon, Terry Moore, Ty Templeton, Walt Simonson, Zander Cannon [PAR] BEST INKER [PAR] 13: Mick Gray, Paul Neary [PAR] 8: Al Vey, Jimmy Palmiotti [PAR] 7: Gerhard [PAR] 6: Mark Farmer, Wade Von Grawbadger [PAR] 5: Gene Ha [PAR] 4: Stan Sakai, Zander Cannon [PAR] 3: Al Milgrom, Andy Lanning, Bob Almond, Karl Story, Scott Hanna, Tom Palmer [PAR] 2: Art Thibert, Cory Carani, Drew Geraci, Gilbert Hernandez, Kevin Nowlan, [PAR] Mike Allred, P. Craig Russell, Rachel Dodson, Terry Austin [PAR] 1: Al Gordon, Bud Larosa, D-Tron, Don Hillsman, Eric Shanower, Guy Davis, Joe [PAR] Pimentel, John Costanza, John Floyd, Mark Heike, Mark Pennington, Michael [PAR] Bair, Rob Hunter, Robert Campanella, Robin Riggs, Rodney Ramos, Stephanie [PAR] Gladden, No Award [PAR] 5: Andrew Robinson, Dan Brereton, Jose Ladronn [PAR] 4: Greg Horn, Joe Jusko, Tony Harris [PAR] 3: Phil Hale [PAR] 2: Ariel Olivetti, Christopher Moeller, Eddie Campbell, Jose Villarrubia, Mark [PAR] Smylie, Sam Kieth [PAR] 1: Brian Stelfreeze, Jill Thompson, John Byrne, Massimo Frezatto, Phil [PAR] Winslade, Scott Hampton, Steve Purcell, Yslaire, No Award [PAR] BEST LETTERER [PAR] 9: Chris Eliopoulos, John Workman [PAR] 5: Tom Orzechowski [PAR] 4: John Costanza, Richard Starkings [PAR] 3: Ken Bruzenak, Stan Sakai [PAR] 2: David Mack, William Oakley [PAR] 1: Bill O'Neill, Clem Robbins, Dreamer Design, John Byrne, Ken Lopez, Kitof, [PAR] No Award [PAR] 4: Lynn Varley, Tom McCraw [PAR] 3: Liquid! Graphics [PAR] 2: Carla Feeny, Gregory Wright, Jeromy Cox, John Kalisz, Pamela Rambo, Pat [PAR] Garrahy, Richard Isanove [PAR] 1: Alex Sinclair, Andrew Crossley, Dan Kemp, James Sinclair, Matt [PAR] Hollingsworth, Sherilyn von Valkenberg, Tom Luth, Tom Smith, No Award [PAR] [PAR] 3: Aragones/Evanier/Sakai/Luth (Groo, Space Circus) [PAR] Jenkins/Lee (Sentry) [PAR] Byrne/Palmer/Wright (X-Men: The Hidden Years) [PAR] Casey/Phillips (Wildcats) [PAR] 10: Adam Hughes, Tim Bradstreet [PAR] 9: Alex Ross [PAR] 7: Dave Johnson, Glenn Fabry, Phil Jimenez [PAR] 6: Alan Davis [PAR] 4: Andrew Robinson, David Mack. Jae Lee [PAR] 3: Andi Watson [PAR] 2: J. Scott Campbell, Michael Kaluta, Rags Morales, Raven Mimura, Sean Chen, [PAR] Stan Sakai, Todd McFarlane [PAR] 1: Ariel Olivetti, Arthur Adams, Carla Speed McNeil,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Steinbeck :: Literary America John Steinbeck :: Literary America [PAR] John Steinbeck [PAR] Born in a substantial Victorian house on the most respectable street in Salinas, California, John Steinbeck fought throughout his youth not to live up to his mother\u2019s expectations. A shy boy, conscious that he wasn\u2019t good-looking and prone to sudden fits of anger, he spent much of his time up in his room poring over books. His preferred the legend of King Arthur and his Round Table, and similar works of fantasy with high morals and high adventure. [PAR] The child grew up to be a man with a gift for telling tales, a keen sense of the world\u2019s injustices and the willingness to take on great themes. Perhaps, if he had heeded his mother\u2019s wishes, he could have become a great trial lawyer. But young Steinbeck got it into his head that he wanted to be a writer. And write he did\u2014first pages and pages of forgettable stuff\u2014until his hard work and conviction finally paid off. Over an almost 40-year career, Steinbeck made California the setting for the Cain and Abel saga (East of Eden), the Promised Land (The Grapes of Wrath), and a heaven beset by tragedy (Pastures of Heaven). His beloved Monterey became the home to a round table of errant knights (Tortilla Flat). He turned Monterey\u2019s Cannery Row into a household name, though arguably for all the wrong reasons. He became one of the most successful authors of the 20th century. [PAR] The Early Struggles [PAR] The Steinbeck house still stands in Salinas. It has become a combination museum and restaurant. Ornamented with gables, gingerbread, and a turret, it is no stretch to imagine the young John Steinbeck upstairs, pretending he was in a castle. Steinbeck\u2019s mother reigned over the house. Her husband, John Ernst Steinbeck, had a mild personality 1 and was not the most able manager. In 1910, he ran a healthy flour milling company into the ground, then retreated to the sanctity of his upstairs bedroom. After a time, he decided to strike out on his own in business, but that venture\u2014a feed store\u2014also went under. John Ernst settled into deep despair over his public failure and loss of status. The townspeople of Salinas came together for the Steinbecks and helped them. A job was found for him at the Spreckels Sugar Company. [PAR] Though the Steinbecks remained in their home, their standing in the community restored, a son\u2019s faith in his father was damaged. And seeing his father and mother\u2019s reaction to their fall from grace may have given birth to John Steinbeck\u2019s later skepticism about the bourgeois need to preserve status. He developed a sympathy for the working class at the age of 17 when his father got him a job at Spreckels, where he worked for several summers. Another summer, again through family connections, he labored building a slough from Castroville to Salinas, a job in which he learned how to use dynamite. His mother\u2019s ambition, though, was that he attend college. And so, in 1919, Steinbeck went away to Stanford, where tuition was free at the time. At Stanford, the only topics that interested him were writing and marine biology. His relationship with Stanford lasted for five years but never resulted in a diploma. He dropped in and out of school, returning to physical labor whenever he took a leave. [PAR] In 1925, after his last unsuccessful stint at Stanford, Steinbeck assumed what he believed was the unapologetically squalid life of a writer: drinking, pounding away at an old typewriter in a tackroom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The aurora | Astronomy.com The aurora | Astronomy.com [PAR] The aurora [PAR] The aurora [PAR] The ghostly glow of an aurora is the visible manifestation of complex interactions between Earth and the Sun. [PAR] By Francis Reddy | Published: Thursday, April 01, 2010 [PAR] A bright meteor streaks past a colorful auroral curtain in Chena, Alaska. [PAR] Marvin Nauman [PAR] An aurora is a sporadic, generally faint, atmospheric phenomenon usually seen in the night sky from locations at high latitudes. More commonly known as the \"northern lights,\" it may first appear as a faint, milky glow, low in the north, too dim for the human eye to detect any color but bright enough to silhouette clouds near the horizon. It may develop into steady greenish arcs or form scintillating, swirling curtains of yellow-green light. During the most dramatic displays visible from regions at middle latitudes, such as central Europe and the United States, a crimson glow fills much of the sky. It was this form that inspired European scientists of the 1600s to call the phenomenon aurora borealis, literally \"northern dawn,\" but it also occurs at high southern latitudes, where it is formally called aurora australis, \"southern dawn.\" The same processes are at work in both hemispheres \u2014 not just on Earth, but on other planets as well \u2014 and today, scientists simply refer to this phenomenon as an aurora. The ghostly forms of an aurora include quiescent patches, veils, arcs, and rapidly moving rays and curtains. [PAR] Many historical accounts of the northern lights from areas far south of its usual location exist. An early Chinese record describes it as a \"red cloud spreading all over the sky.\" The Roman philosopher Seneca wrote that an aurora in a.d. 37 tricked the emperor into sending troops to aid what he thought was the burning seaport of Ostia, \"when the glowing of the sky lasted through a great part of the night, shining dimly like a vast and smoking fire.\" In 1583, similar \"fires in the air\" mobilized thousands of French pilgrims, who prayed to avert the wrath of God. On September 15, 1839, an intense aurora dispatched firefighters throughout London. [PAR] Aurorae occur in two great luminous ovals centered on Earth's north and south magnetic poles. Collisions between atmospheric gases and showers of electrons and protons guided by Earth's magnetic field set the ovals aglow, typically between heights of 62 and 155 miles (100 to 250 kilometers). Each gas gives out a characteristic color when bombarded. Excited oxygen atoms give off yellow-green light, the color most commonly observed. Ionized molecular nitrogen emits blue and violet light, colors to which the human eye is less sensitive. At lower altitudes, excited molecules of nitrogen and oxygen glow with a vivid red. These three primary colors together produce the myriad hues of a typical aurora. [PAR] What causes the showers of charged particles that create the northern lights? Ultimately, the source lies in the solar wind, a fast-moving stream of particles constantly flowing from the Sun that carries the Sun's magnetic field out into space. The solar wind, typically moving at 250 miles (400 kilometers) per second, flows past Earth's magnetic field and molds it into an elongated bubble or cavity, compressing its sunward side and stretching its night side far beyond the Moon's orbit. Under certain conditions, the solar wind's magnetic field can merge with Earth's, creating electrical currents that drive protons and electrons into the polar atmosphere. Powerful events occurring on the Sun can drive enormous changes in the solar wind, increasing both its speed and density and enhancing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] You Only Live Twice (1967) - IMDb You Only Live Twice (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] You Only Live Twice ( 1967 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Harold Jack Bloom (additional story material), Roald Dahl (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $10.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 05 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 images [PAR] created 25 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 10 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 29 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: You Only Live Twice (1967) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. [PAR] Director: Peter R. Hunt [PAR] James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When an American space capsule is swallowed up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 11 worst football singles that should never have been ... The 11 worst football singles that should never have been committed to record - The Vinyl Factory [PAR] The 11 worst football singles that should never have been committed to record [PAR] The 11 worst football singles that should never have been committed to record [PAR] Written by [PAR] A first team squad of 11 shocking (read: ruddy fantastic) football singles that should never have been committed to record. [PAR] Words: Chris May [PAR] The mantra \u201cdon\u2019t give up your day job\u201d has rarely been more appropriate than when applied to footballers in the recording studio. As the World Cup approaches, here are 11 of the worst records by footballers or about football. Most are so bad they are good; some are so extraordinarily bad they are brilliant. We kick off in the run-up to the 1966 championship, when England won the cup, in the hope that history will repeat itself. [PAR] Lonnie Donegan [PAR] World Cup Willie / Where In This World Are We Going [PAR] (Pye, 1965) [PAR] In the mid-1950s, Lonnie Donegan laid the foundations of British rock\u2019n\u2019roll with gritty covers of Americana such as \u2018Rock Island Line\u2019. But by autumn 1965, when \u2018World Cup Willie\u2019 was released, he had been eclipsed by the very bands, led by the Beatles, whose formation he had helped inspire. Donegan now had to take what the A&R department offered, including this trad jazz-lite, sing-along number arranged by Tony Hatch, the go-to music director for BBC light entertainment producers. Possibly Donegan\u2019s worst record \u2013 although, perhaps, his residual talent removes it from football\u2019s absolute-worst list. [PAR] Johan Cruyff [PAR] Oei Oei Oei (Dat Was Me Weer Een Loeig) / Alle Stoppen Ineens Noor De Knoppen [PAR] (Polydor, 1969) [PAR] Donegan would not have been able to mitigate this one, and neither would have Sinatra. Netherlands star Johan Cruyff\u2019s \u2018Oei Oei Oei\u2019- another singalong, a staple of the genre \u2013 is arranged in a style akin to German oompah music, replete with that leaden emphasis on the downbeat that accompanies the bladdered swing of a beer stein and, in defter hands, is a signature of African-American funk. Like many football records over the last 50 years, \u2018Oei Oei Oei\u2019 sounds like a bottom-feeder from the Eurovision Song Contest. [PAR] Kevin Keegan [PAR] It Ain\u2019t Easy / Do I Know You [PAR] (MAM, 1972) [PAR] It\u2019s a tie between this and Kevin Keegan\u2019s other singles \u2013 \u201cHead Over Heels In Love\u201d, a sentimental romantic ballad released during his time with Hamburg, and \u2018England\u2019, a sentimental patriotic ballad made to mark his return to English football. 1972 was the year Gary Glitter spawned glitter-rock with \u2018Rock And Roll\u2019, and \u2018It Ain\u2019t Easy\u2019 employs a similarly mindless four-on-the-floor beat. The lyric warns any admirer who fancies taking up with Keegan that he will be a difficult man to tame. His wife, Jean, was up to the task, however; the couple married in 1974 and are still together. [PAR] *It\u2019s not the cover of \u2018It Ain\u2019t Easy\u2019, but the sleeve for \u2018Head Over Heels In Love\u2019 was too good not to feature. [PAR] Winni II [PAR] Dynamo / He, Kleines Fr\u00e4ulein [PAR] (Amiga, 1977) [PAR] \u2018Dynamo\u2019 was recorded in honour of Dynamo Dresden, in 1977 a dominant team in East Germany \u2013 or as it preferred to be called, the German Democratic Republic. As a general rule, any country with Democratic in its name is authoritarian and the GDR was no exception. Winni 2 was one of the state\u2019s officially-approved beat combos. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] If Poem by Rudyard Kipling - Poem Hunter If Poem by Rudyard Kipling - Poem Hunter [PAR] If Poem by Rudyard Kipling - Poem Hunter [PAR] If - Poem by Rudyard Kipling [PAR] Autoplay next video [PAR] If you can keep your head when all about you [PAR] Are losing theirs and blaming it on you; [PAR] If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, [PAR] But make allowance for their doubting too: [PAR] If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, [PAR] Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies, [PAR] Or being hated don't give way to hating, [PAR] And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise; [PAR] If you can dream- -and not make dreams your master; [PAR] If you can think- -and not make thoughts your aim, [PAR] If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster [PAR] And treat those two impostors just the same:. [PAR] If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken [PAR] Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, [PAR] Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, [PAR] And stoop and build'em up with worn-out tools; [PAR] If you can make one heap of all your winnings [PAR] And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, [PAR] And lose, and start again at your beginnings, [PAR] And never breathe a word about your loss: [PAR] If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew [PAR] To serve your turn long after they are gone, [PAR] And so hold on when there is nothing in you [PAR] Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on! ' [PAR] If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, [PAR] Or walk with Kings- -nor lose the common touch, [PAR] If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, [PAR] If all men count with you, but none too much: [PAR] If you can fill the unforgiving minute [PAR] With sixty seconds' worth of distance run, [PAR] Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, [PAR] And- -which is more- -you'll be a Man, my son!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints, Imperial pints to US ... Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints, Imperial pints to US fl oz - Volume Conversions [PAR] Volume Conversions [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints, Imperial pints to US fl oz - Volume Conversions [PAR] Online calculators to convert US fluid ounces to Imperial pints (US fl oz to Imperial pt) and Imperial pints to US fluid ounces (Imperial pt to US fl oz). Our conversions provide a quick and easy way to convert between Volume units. [PAR] Conversion Calculators [PAR] Enter your value in one of the conversion calculators below: [PAR] Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints [PAR] US fl oz [PAR] Convert Imperial pints to US fl oz [PAR] Imperial pt [PAR] \u00ab More Volume Conversions [PAR] How to convert US fl oz to Imperial pints : Use the conversion calculator titled \"Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints\". Enter a value in the US fl oz field and click on the \"Calculate Imperial pints\" button. Your answer will appear in the Imperial pt field. [PAR] How to convert Imperial pints to US fl oz : Use the conversion calculator titled \"Convert Imperial pints to US fl oz\". Enter a value in the Imperial pt field and click on the \"Calculate US fluid ounces\" button. Your answer will appear in the US fl oz field. [PAR] Conversion Definitions [PAR] The following is a list of definitions relating to conversions between US fluid ounces and Imperial pints. [PAR] What is a US fluid ounce (US fl oz)? [PAR] A US fluid ounce is a unit of volume in US Customary Units. The symbol for US fluid ounce is US fl oz. There are 19.21520676 US fluid ounces in an Imperial pint. [PAR] What is an Imperial pint (Imperial pt)? [PAR] An Imperial pint is a unit of volume in the Imperial System. The symbol for Imperial pint is Imperial pt. There are 0.052042115 Imperial pints in a US fluid ounce. [PAR] Conversion Formulas [PAR] Let's take a closer look at the conversion formulas so that you can do these conversions yourself with a calculator or with an old-fashioned pencil and paper. [PAR] The formula to convert from US fl oz to Imperial pt is: [PAR] Imperial pt = US fl oz x 0.052042115 [PAR] The formula to convert from Imperial pt to US fl oz is: [PAR] US fl oz = Imperial pt \u00f7 0.052042115 [PAR] Conversion Examples [PAR] Next, let's look at some examples showing the work and calculations that are involved in converting from US fluid ounces to Imperial pints (US fl oz to Imperial pt) or converting from Imperial pints to US fluid ounces (Imperial pt to US fl oz). [PAR] US Fluid Ounce to Imperial Pint Conversion Example [PAR] Task: Convert 2,500 US fluid ounces to Imperial pints (show work) Formula: US fl oz x 0.052042115 = Imperial pt Calculations: 2,500 US fl oz x 0.052042115 = 130.1052875 Imperial pt Result: 2,500 US fl oz is equal to 130.1052875 Imperial pt [PAR] Imperial Pint to US Fluid Ounce Conversion Example [PAR] Task: Convert 75 Imperial pints to US fluid ounces (show work) Formula: Imperial pt \u00f7 0.052042115 = US fl oz Calculations: 75 Imperial pt \u00f7 0.052042115 = 1,441.14050707 US fl oz Result: 75 Imperial pt is equal to 1,441.14050707 US fl oz [PAR] Conversion Tables [PAR] For quick reference purposes, below are conversion tables that you can use to convert from US fl oz to Imperial pt, and Imperial pt to US fl oz. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Entertainment | Voice of Phil Archer dies aged 85 - BBC News BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Voice of Phil Archer dies aged 85 [PAR] Voice of Phil Archer dies aged 85 [PAR] Obituary: Norman Painting [PAR] Norman Painting, the voice of Philip Archer on long-running Radio 4 drama The Archers, has died at the age of 85. [PAR] Born in Leamington Spa in 1924, the actor played the Ambridge farmer since the show's first trial run in 1950. [PAR] Painting wrote more than 1,000 scripts for the show between 1966 and 1982. He also penned a best-selling book on the programme, first published in 1975. [PAR] He is featured in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest-serving actor in a single soap opera. [PAR] In recent years, though, his appearances on The Archers have been limited due to ill health. [PAR] He spent what was to be his final day in the studio on Tuesday last week. [PAR] His final episode will be broadcast 22 November, when Phil Archer character will be surrounded by his grandchildren, preparing for Christmas. [PAR] BBC director general Mark Thompson said he was \"deeply saddened\" to hear of Painting's death. [PAR] \"He rightly became renowned for his portrayal of Phil Archer, a role he created in the pilot episode in 1950, but he was also a gifted writer and talented, versatile broadcaster,\" he said. [PAR] \"He was a pillar of The Archers family, but to millions of listeners he became a friend and latterly a wonderful father figure. [PAR] \"His death leaves us with a great sense of loss but an even deeper feeling of gratitude for such a huge contribution to the BBC and its audiences over six decades.\" [PAR] The show's editor, Vanessa Whitburn, also paid tribute to Painting, describing him as a \"consummate professional\". [PAR] She said: \"Norman always wanted to remain working on The Archers until he died - and I am delighted and proud of him that he achieved his wish.\" [PAR] BBC Radio 4 controller Mark Damazer said: \"Norman Painting was for almost 60 years a central figure in one of Radio 4's hallmark programmes. [PAR] \"As Phil Archer, he became a wonderful patriarch yet he had started decades earlier as a young romantic hero. [PAR] \"He will be deeply missed by the rest of The Archers team and his millions of fans.\" [PAR] Appointed OBE in the New Year's Honours for 1976, he was vice-president of the Tree Council and the only honorary Life Governor of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. [PAR] His autobiography, Reluctant Archer, was published in 1982. [PAR] Dramatic [PAR] In 2000, the actor revealed he had been diagnosed with bladder cancer but said it would not stop him recording episodes. [PAR] \"I see no reason why this illness should prevent me from continuing doing what I love ,\" he said at the time. [PAR] Over the years Painting's pragmatic character has been involved in numerous key storylines. One long-running plot strand revolved around who would inherit Phil's farm after his retirement. [PAR] One of his most dramatic moments, meanwhile, occurred in 1955 when his first wife Grace died in a barn fire while trying to save a horse. [PAR] \"Even when I'd read my script, I didn't really believe it was going to happen,\" Painting recalled on the 50th anniversary of the famous episode. [PAR] It is widely believed the BBC scheduled the death deliberately to clash with ITV's first broadcast. [PAR] In more recent years, the character - a former president of the National Farmers' Union - had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lovers of the Stinking Rose | Mississippi Market Lovers of the Stinking Rose | Mississippi Market [PAR] Lovers of the Stinking Rose [PAR] Posted on August 3, 2011 by Jan [PAR] Garlic was not a part of my Minnesota German mother\u2019s cooking, so of course I embraced it ardently when I started cooking on my own\u2014that\u2019s what we did back in the \u201960s: tried to make it new. [PAR] Along with cooking garlic every which way, I joined the Lovers of the Stinking Rose, a very informal Berkeley group devoted to garlic cooking and eating. When Robert Charles opened La Vielle Maison in Truckee, California, in the 1970s, I hopped the first Southern Pacific train I could to chug up there for a five-course, garlic-infused meal. [PAR] What changes have been rung in the status of garlic here in south-central Minnesota!\u2014now each August, Minnesota has its very own garlic festival, and every fall, Mississippi Market stocks a lively variety of locally grown garlics. This is a very happy time to be a lover of the stinking rose in the North Star state. [PAR] This year\u2019s Minnesota Garlic Festival \u2014the sixth\u2014will be held at the McLeod County fairgrounds in Litchfield. Chefs from the Twin Cities will offer fabulous garlic-infused food. With any luck, the Minars of Cedar Summit will show up, as they have in past years, with garlic ice cream made in their creamery. Newly harvested local garlic\u2014most of it is hard-necked, and happily lots of it is really firey\u2014will be on sale for Christmas stockings, faux Chanukah gelt, and fall and winter braises. You can sacrifice a head or two to planting for your own harvest in late summer 2012 (Check out our class on the subject). What more can a lover of the stinking rose ask for? [PAR] It\u2019s fascinating to look over the varieties for sale at the festival; many, if not most, originate in Russia, Siberia, Poland, and other northerly places\u2014I suppose that should come as little surprise. If all you\u2019ve eaten is the conventional, white-skinned, soft-necked garlic that comes from California (and in supermarkets, from China, which exports more than 75% of the world\u2019s soft-necked garlic), you\u2019re in for a surprise. Hard-necked garlics are fuller bodied, more deeply flavored, and sometimes far hotter than standard-issue garlic. Rocambole varieties (for example, Spanish Roja, German Brown, Argentine Red Stripe, Purple Max) offer deep, memorable flavors. Purple-stripes (for example, Metechi, Siberian, Persian Star) become wonderfully sweet when roasted. Porcelains (for example, Georgian Fire, Georgian Crystal, Music, Leningrad, German White, Polish Hardneck, Romanian Red) have few but uniformly sized, usually very large cloves (4\u20138 per head) and offer the fieriest taste. [PAR] Once you know what garlic you prefer, harden off some cloves of your favorites and plant them in fall for 2012\u2019s harvest. The chartreuse-green scapes that emerge in spring possess a youthful garlic-y flavor: you can chop them up as you would chives or scallions and use them to add a bit of bite and green flavor to salads, soups, and casseroles. The beautiful flower heads that rise atop lengthy stems in spring are edible and add striking color (blue to purple) to salads and otherwise blandly colored cheese and potato dishes. [PAR] For a more-than-you-ever-wanted-to-know introduction to garlic lore, cultivation, and cooking, check out Ted Jordan Meredith\u2019s The Complete Book of Garlic: A Guide for Gardeners, Growers, and Serious Cooks (Timber Press, 2008), a book as beautiful as it is comprehensive. [PAR] For a blast from the past, find yourself a used copy of Lloyd J. Harris\u2019s The Book of Garlic (Holt, Rinehart, 1975)\u2014good"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the pieces in the Operation game? | Reference.com What are the pieces in the Operation game? | Reference.com [PAR] What are the pieces in the Operation game? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The Operation game features 13 pieces, including the Adam's apple, broken heart, wrenched ankle, butterflies in stomach, spare ribs, water on the knee, funny bone, writer's cramp, Charley horse, ankle bone connected to the knee bone, wish bone, bread basket and brain freeze. The purpose of \"Operation\" is to remove each of the these ailments from the body of Cavity Sam. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In addition to the ailments included in the body, other pieces of equipment needed to play the game include surgical tweezers, doctor cards and play money. [PAR] Players take turns selecting cards. Each card includes an image of one of the items included inside of Cavity Sam along with a monetary value. The player must then use the surgical tweezers to remove the corresponding item without touching the sides of the cavity with the tweezers. If the tweezers touch anything other than the ailment, Cavity Sam's nose will light up and buzz, and the player's turn ends. [PAR] If a player is able to successfully remove an item without touching anything else, he receives the amount of money listed on the card he chose at the start of his turn. The game proceeds until all ailments are removed. The player with the most money wins."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Play Chess: Rules & Basics - Chess.com How to Play Chess: Rules and Basics - Chess.com [PAR] Chess.com [PAR] Forums [PAR] Learn to Play Chess [PAR] It's never too late to learn how to play chess - the most popular game in the world! If you are totally new to the game or even want to learn all of the rules and strategies, read on! [PAR] Getting Better at Chess [PAR] History of Chess [PAR] The origins of chess are not exactly clear, though most believe it evolved from earlier chess-like games played in India almost two thousand years ago.The game of chess we know today has been around since the 15th century where it became popular in Europe. [PAR] The Goal of Chess [PAR] Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king. Checkmate happens when the king is in a position to be captured (in check) and cannot escape from capture. [PAR] Starting a Game [PAR] At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has the white (or light) color square in the bottom right-hand side. The chess pieces are then arranged the same way each time. The second row (or rank) is filled with pawns. The rooks go in the corners, then the knights next to them, followed by the bishops, and finally the queen, who always goes on her own matching color (white queen on white, black queen on black), and the king on the remaining square. [PAR] The player with the white pieces always moves first. Therefore, players generally decide who will get to be white by chance or luck such as flipping a coin or having one player guess the color of the hidden pawn in the other player's hand. White then makes a move, followed by black, then white again, then black and so on until the end of the game. [PAR] How the Pieces Move [PAR] Each of the 6 different kinds of pieces moves differently. Pieces cannot move through other pieces (though the knight can jump over other pieces), and can never move onto a square with one of their own pieces. However, they can be moved to take the place of an opponent's piece which is then captured. Pieces are generally moved into positions where they can capture other pieces (by landing on their square and then replacing them), defend their own pieces in case of capture, or control important squares in the game. [PAR] The King [PAR] The king is the most important piece, but is one of the weakest. The king can only move one square in any direction - up, down, to the sides, and diagonally. Click on the '>' button in the diagram below to see how the king can move around the board. The king may never move himself into check (where he could be captured). [PAR] The Queen [PAR] The queen is the most powerful piece. She can move in any one straight direction - forward, backward, sideways, or diagonally - as far as possible as long as she does not move through any of her own pieces. And, like with all pieces, if the queen captures an opponent's piece her move is over. Click through the diagram below to see how the queens move. Notice how the white queen captures the black"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sedimentary structure of the Nansen and Amundsen basins ... Arctic lithosphere - A review [PAR] \"In 1991 an era of shipborne geophysical investigations of the Arctic began when the first MCS reflection lines and gravity data were collected (Jokat et al., 1992). In subsequent years a significant amount of modern geophysical data, including both seismic reflection and refraction data, were collected from several transects across the entire Eurasia Basin better characterizing the oceanic crust and its sedimentary cover (Coakley and Cochran, 1998; Jokat and Micksch, 2004; Urlaub et al., 2009; Weigelt and Jokat, 2001). Both the Nansen and the Amundsen basins contain significant volumes of sediment, derived mainly from the adjacent Eurasian margin. \" [PAR] [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: This article reviews the characteristics of Arctic lithosphere and the principal tectonic events which have shaped it. The current state-of-knowledge associated with the crust, crustal-scale discontinuities, and their ages, as well as knowledge of the lithosphere as a whole from geophysical data, permits the division of Arctic lithosphere into discrete domains. Arctic continental lithosphere is diverse in age, composition, and structure. It has been affected by at least two periods of thermal overprinting associated with large volumes of magmatism, once in the Permo-Triassic and again in the Aptian. In addition, it was attenuated as the result of at least five phases of rifting (in the late Devonian-early Carboniferous, Permo-Triasic, Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, and Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic). Older phases of consolidation are associated with continental lithosphere and occurred through a series of continent-continent collisions in the Paleozoic. Jurassic and Cretaceous extensional phases are related to the dismembering of Pangea and Eurasia, and were concentrated in the Norway-Greenland region and Canadian-Alaskan Arctic. Large areas of submarine, hyperextended continental (?) lithosphere developed in parts of the Amerasia Basin. After continental breakup and the accretion of new oceanic lithosphere, the Eurasia and Canada basins were formed. [PAR] Full-text \u00b7 Article \u00b7 Jul 2014 [PAR] Structure and evolution of the northern Barents\u2013Kara Sea continental margin from integrated analysis of potential fields, bathymetry and sparse seismic data [PAR] \"Transect 1 (Fig. 12 ) extends from eastern Svalbard into the western Nansen Basin (Fig. 2). The top of the oceanic basement is well defined by MCS data (Jokat & Micksch 2004 ). The total sedimentary thickness gradually decreases towards the spreading axis. \" [PAR] [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: The northern Barents\u2013Kara Sea continental margin is a poorly investigated area because of a permanent ice cover hampering seismic exploration. The available geological and geophysical data show that the magma-poor margin developed in response to early Cenozoic break-up and subsequent opening of the Arctic Eurasia Basin. In this study, a series of crustal-scale geotransects illustrating the architecture of the continental margin are constructed using sparse seismic reflection profiles and a gravity inversion method incorporating a thermal model of rifting. The continental side of the northern Barents Sea margin is underlain by Palaeozoic\u2013Early Mesozoic deep sedimentary basins separated from the oceanic side by the marginal uplift. A bathymetry analysis complements low-resolution seismic data to predict the sedimentary depocenters beyond the shelf break. These depocenters are associated with troughs, perpendicular to the shelf edge. The depocenter in front of the St. Anna Trough may contain a sedimentary section more than 4 km thick. The gravity correction for the effect of sedimentary cover was added to the inversion. This correction used an exponential density\u2013depth function. The inversion supports a narrow and steep continent\u2013ocean transition (COT; ca. 100 km). The conjugate Lomonosov Ridge margin is modelled using the same technique. Palaeoreconstructions were made to predict the break-up setting. The northern Barents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Vowels Are There in English ... - Slate Magazine Gretchen McCulloch [PAR] How many vowels does English have? Five, right? A, E, I, O, U. Oh, and sometimes Y. So, six? Actually, English has at least 14 different vowel sounds and, depending on the speaker and dialect , maybe more than 20. [PAR] What do I mean by this? Well, if we're talking about spelling, then, yeah, our alphabet has six vowels (maybe seven or eight if you count \u00e6 and \u0153 as a single letters in words like arch\u00e6ology and f\u0153tus). But spelling is just the representation of a vowel; even if a language has no written alphabet, it still has vowels. So then, what is a vowel? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] We can think about whether a sound is or isn't a vowel in two ways: the production of the sound and the perception of the sound. Let's take a look at both of these options. [PAR] How do you say a vowel? [PAR] Try saying the word \"snip\". Now say it again, slowly, focusing on what your mouth and throat and tongue are doing as you go from s to n to i to p. snip. [PAR] When you make a consonant sound, you create a blockage or a point of turbulence in the airflow, somewhere between your vocal cords (or vocal folds) and your lips. Where and how this blockage and turbulence happens is what distinguishes one consonant from another (/s/ creates turbulence at the roof of your mouth, just behind your teeth; /n/ is made at the same place, but the air comes out your nose instead). Vowels, however, are sounds that don't have any blockage or turbulence in the airflow at all. An easy rule of thumb is that a vowel is any sound you can hold while singing ( like Whitney Houston ) and everything else is a consonant. But what distinguishes one vowel from another? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] As a young Isaac Newton noticed in 1665, when you pour beer into a narrow glass, the changing volume makes a series of sounds much like vowels (\"the filling of a very deepe flagon with a constant streame of beere or water sounds the vowels in this order w, u, \u0277, o, a, e, i, y\"). Think of your mouth and throat as an empty tube (or flagon!)\u2014 the shape and volume of the tube determines what kind of sound it will make, kind of like how a trombone makes different musical notes as you move the slide. You can't slide your mouth-tube, but you can change its shape by opening or closing your jaw, moving your tongue, and rounding your lips. [PAR] If you fill your stomach with beer, on the other hand, you may find yourself making sounds of a rather different variety. [PAR] DS Bigham [PAR] One problem with this phonetic definition of vowels is that it doesn't exclude sounds like \"l,\" \"w,\" \"y,\" or most versions of the American English \"r\" sound, like in the word squirrel. All of these sounds are also made with open airflow, just like vowels. [PAR] How do you hear a vowel? [PAR] But vowels aren't just things we produce, they're also ideals we perceive as part of a language's general system of sounds, or phonology. In phonological terms, one way to distinguish between a consonant and a vowel in English is that a consonant can come before a vowel in the same syllable whereas another vowel can't. So, in a word like yes, the \"y\" sound at the beginning, even though"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Miracle of Cloves and Clove Oil | Wake Up World The Miracle of Cloves and Clove Oil | Wake Up World [PAR] The Miracle of Cloves and Clove Oil [PAR] Guest writer for Wake Up World [PAR] Here\u2019s the deal. It\u2019s the weekend (or, like me, you are on vacation in the middle of the ocean) and your tooth starts to hurt. The pain has become so bad you can not eat, can not concentrate and whoa! you can not even enjoy yourself and have fun. What\u2019s a gal or guy to do? [PAR] Let me let you in on a secret: you can temporarily mitigate the pain and suffering with oil of clove, an inexpensive and readily available essential oil. Here is what you do: [PAR] Put a few drops of clove oil on a cotton ball, place the ball on your sore tooth and bite down. Keep you mouth shut for about 5 minutes as the oil numbs the pain and kills the bacteria. [PAR] Afterward, remove the cotton ball and mix a bit of the clove oil (6 to 8 drops will do it), water, and salt into a cup. Swish this around in your mouth for about a minute and spit out. You should feel a whole lot better! [PAR] Note: Undiluted clove oil can cause burning and even nerve damage, so be sure to dilute it if you are applying it to sensitive skin tissue. You can still use it directly on a tooth by applying it to a cotton ball or cotton swab first. [PAR] So back to my little episode on the ship. Turns out I needed a root canal (which by the way, these days is a piece of cake except for the pain to the wallet). The dentist had one word of advice for me: when in pain, use clove oil. As as matter of fact, he told me that it was a bit of clove oil on a cotton swab that provided preliminary numbing prior to my procedure. [PAR] History of Cloves [PAR] The use of clove dates back to the Han dynasty (207B.C to 220 A.D.) where it was used to hide bad breath. It was required that those who approached the Chinese emperor hold a clove in their mouth for this purpose. Over the years, traditional Chinese medicine has used cloves to treat indigestion, diarrhea, hernias, ringworm and also athletes foot and other fungal infections. [PAR] Cloves arrived in Europe in the 4th century A.D. They were considered a luxury and were used as a part of a mixture it was used to treat gout. Once cloves became readily available in Europe, they were used in a manner similar to traditional Chinese medicine. Europeans used cloves to treat indigestion, flatulence, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It also treated cough, infertility, warts, worms, wounds and toothaches. [PAR] In America, cloves have been used to treat digestive disorders and have been used in bitter herb medicine preparations to make them more tasteful. [PAR] Factoid: Americans were the first to extract the oil from the clove and it was used on gums to relieve toothaches. [PAR] The active component of cloves is eugenol oil . This oil makes up 60-90% of each clove and has long been thought to kill bacteria, viruses and fungi. This oil also acts as an antiseptic, anesthetic, digestive stimulant expectorant, aromatic, antispasmodic, astringent and accounts for its various uses. [PAR] Proven Uses of Cloves and Clove Oil [PAR] Instant air freshener: Make an atomizer in a spray bottle mixing clove oil with water. Be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Only Fools and Horses - streaming tv series online Only Fools and Horses - streaming tv series online [PAR] as Damien Trotter [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Only Fools and Horses is a British sitcom, created and written by John Sullivan. Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom between 1981 and 1991, with sporadic Christmas specials until 2003. Episodes are regularly repeated on Gold and occasionally repeated on BBC One. Set in Peckham in south London, it stars David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek \"Del Boy\" Trotter, Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney, and Lennard Pearce as their elderly Grandad. After Pearce's death in 1984, his character was replaced by Uncle Albert. Backed by a strong supporting cast, the series chronicles the Trotters' highs and lows in life, in particular their attempts to get rich. After a relatively slow start, the show went on to achieve consistently high ratings, and the 1996 episode \"Time On Our Hands\" holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode, attracting 24.3 million viewers. Critically and popularly acclaimed, the series received numerous awards, including recognition from BAFTA, the National Television Awards and the Royal Television Society, as well as winning individual accolades for both Sullivan and Jason. It was voted Britain's Best Sitcom in a 2004 BBC poll. [PAR] Only Fools and Horses - watch online: stream, buy or rent [PAR] Currently you are able to watch \"Only Fools and Horses\" streaming on Netflix or buy it as download on Google Play Movies, Amazon Instant Video, Wuaki.[DOC] [TLE] Only Fools and Horses - streaming tv show online Only Fools and Horses - streaming tv show online [PAR] as Damien Trotter [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Only Fools and Horses is a British sitcom, created and written by John Sullivan. Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom between 1981 and 1991, with sporadic Christmas specials until 2003. Episodes are regularly repeated on Gold and occasionally repeated on BBC One. Set in Peckham in south London, it stars David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek \"Del Boy\" Trotter, Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney, and Lennard Pearce as their elderly Grandad. After Pearce's death in 1984, his character was replaced by Uncle Albert. Backed by a strong supporting cast, the series chronicles the Trotters' highs and lows in life, in particular their attempts to get rich. After a relatively slow start, the show went on to achieve consistently high ratings, and the 1996 episode \"Time On Our Hands\" holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode, attracting 24.3 million viewers. Critically and popularly acclaimed, the series received numerous awards, including recognition from BAFTA, the National Television Awards and the Royal Television Society, as well as winning individual accolades for both Sullivan and Jason. It was voted Britain's Best Sitcom in a 2004 BBC poll. [PAR] Only Fools and Horses - watch online: streaming, buy or rent [PAR] We try to add new providers constantly but we couldn't find an offer for \"Only Fools and Horses\" online. Please come back again soon to check if there's something new."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jimi Hendrix - Purple Haze Lyrics Meaning Jimi Hendrix - Purple Haze Lyrics Meaning [PAR] click a star to vote [PAR] Jul 17th, 2008 7:32am report [PAR] Jimi came straight out and denied that Purple Haze was about drugs, despite the possible obvious references. Sorry kids. [PAR] Some previous posts linked the song to a dream he once had, which was getting close, one of you even mentioned love, which was right on. [PAR] My understanding: [PAR] The song was about the effects Jimi felt when he was falling in love with a girl. He felt absolutely entraced by her, to the point where he had dreams about her. [PAR] He had trouble describing just how significantly she affected him, until he saw a documentary on so called \"alien abductees\" (Stay with me now...). Many of the people likened their experience onboard as an: [PAR] out of body (\"'Scuse me while I kiss the sky\") [PAR] timeless (\"Tomorrow, or just the end of time\") [PAR] experience while surrounded by a Purple Haze. [PAR] The give away line for me was always \"What ever it is, that girl, put a spell on me.\" [PAR] But take this version with a mountainous pile of salt. [PAR] xox [PAR] P.S. Didn't word check, be nice. [PAR] 2TOP RATED [PAR] click a star to vote [PAR] Jun 14th, 2016 6:55am report [PAR] GET THIS INFORMATIN FROM THE SOURCE [PAR] Hendrix claimed this was inspired by a dream where he was walking under the sea. In the dream, he said a purple haze surrounded him, engulfed him and got him lost. It was a traumatic experience, but in his dream his faith in Jesus saved him. [PAR] At one point, Hendrix wrote the chorus as \"Purple Haze, Jesus Saves,\" but decided against it. (thanks, Edward Pearce - Ashford, Kent, England) [PAR] EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW THE TRUE MEANING [PAR] Part of the lyrics were formed from some of Jimi's free verse ramblings that he jotted down from time to time. [PAR] [PAR] click a star to vote [PAR] Oct 12th, 2012 10:52pm report [PAR] I think that through a drug, his music, or intense unconditional love or self-love, or meditation, he had an experience where his 3rd eye opened. In this perception, he may have seen a tunnel surrounded by a purple haze(the indigo-purple colour of the 3rd eye), moving through tunnel(s) at light speed but always being in one moment, Now. You lose sight of time, there is none. You may have experience of other dimensions or worlds. We may also hear sounds or instruments from other frequencies. He was a Master (of music)(and a heightened sense of love for). This has sometimes been referred to as a waking dream. Or an OBE (out of body experience) or IBE (in body experience). I have had this. (no drugs though! :/ [PAR] [PAR] click a star to vote [PAR] Jul 4th, 2011 7:02am report [PAR] I love some of these crazy interpretations.The song was called \"Purple Haze,Jesus Saves\" but Chas Chandler vetoed that one.Apparantly the \"Purple Haze\" bit is a direct quote from a Sci-Fi Book jimi had been reading.The song also had about ten verses and was very long(like a lot of Jimi`s songs)but Chas Chandler used to edit all of Hendrix`s work and that`s partly why they parted company during Electric LadyLand.And the songs on that album that Chas Chandler produced are short and concise(CrossTown Traffic and Have You Ever Been...?)as opposed to the tracks Hendrix produced himself(1983,Voodoo Child etc).Both the Skunk and the LSD named\"Purple Haze\"are both named in homage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of France? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of France? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of France [PAR] The Capital City of France (officially named French Republic) is the city of Paris. The population of Paris in the year 1999 was 9,644,507 (12,067,000 in the metropolitan area). [PAR] France is a French speaking country on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, The English Channel and The North Sea. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] France Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols ... France Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com [PAR] GDP total: $2.253 trillion (2012 est.) [PAR] GDP per capita: $35,500 (2012 est.) [PAR] Language: French (official) 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) overseas departments: French, Creole patois [PAR] Largest Cities: (by population) Paris, Marseille, Lyon. Toulouse, Nice, Nantes, Strasbourg [PAR] Name: The name France is from the Latin word 'Francia' meaning country of the Franks, a Germanic people who conquered the area during the 5th century. [PAR] National Day: July 14 [PAR] Note: \"Fete de la Federation\" is celebrated with a mixture of solemn military parades, dancing in the streets and fireworks. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 has been commemorated in France for more than a century. [PAR] Religion: Roman Catholic 88%, Muslim 5%, Protestant 2%, unaffiliated 2%, Jewish 1%,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shrek (2001) - IMDb Shrek (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 14 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 12 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 18 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 16 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Shrek \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 37 wins & 60 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] A family of undercover superheroes, while trying to live the quiet suburban life, are forced into action to save the world. [PAR] Director: Brad Bird [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.1/10 X [PAR] When his new father-in-law, King Harold falls ill, Shrek is looked at as the heir to the land of Far, Far Away. Not one to give up his beloved swamp, Shrek recruits his friends Donkey and Puss in Boots to install the rebellious Artie as the new king. Princess Fiona, however, rallies a band of royal girlfriends to fend off a coup d'etat by the jilted Prince Charming. [PAR] Directors: Chris Miller, Raman Hui [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Cameron Diaz, Eddie Murphy [PAR] A rat who can cook makes an unusual alliance with a young kitchen worker at a famous restaurant. [PAR] Directors: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava [PAR] Stars: Brad Garrett, Lou Romano, Patton Oswalt [PAR] Set during the Ice Age, a sabertooth tiger, a sloth, and a wooly mammoth find a lost human infant, and they try to return him to his tribe. [PAR] Directors: Chris Wedge, Carlos Saldanha [PAR] Stars: Denis Leary, John Leguizamo, Ray Romano [PAR] Spoiled by their upbringing and unaware of what wildlife really is, four animals from the New York Central Zoo escape, unwittingly assisted by four absconding penguins, and find themselves in Madagascar. [PAR] Directors: Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath [PAR] Stars: Chris Rock, Ben Stiller, David Schwimmer [PAR] Directors: John Lasseter, Ash Brannon, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Joan Cusack [PAR] The Dragon Warrior has to clash against the savage Tai Lung as China's fate hangs in the balance: However, the Dragon Warrior mantle is supposedly mistaken to be bestowed upon an obese panda who is a tyro in martial arts. [PAR] Directors: Mark Osborne, John Stevenson [PAR] Stars: Jack Black, Ian McShane, Angelina Jolie [PAR] When a criminal mastermind uses a trio of orphan girls as pawns for a grand scheme, he finds their love is profoundly changing him for the better. [PAR] Directors: Pierre Coffin, Chris Renaud [PAR] Stars: Steve Carell, Jason Segel, Russell Brand [PAR] A hot-shot race-car named Lightning McQueen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What's Up Doc? - Bugs Bunny | SuperCartoons What's Up Doc? - Bugs Bunny | SuperCartoons [PAR] Series [PAR] What's Up Doc? [PAR] The Disassociated Press wants Bugs Bunny's life story. Got a pencil? \"First,\" says Bugs, \"I was born.\" He quickly learns he is different from the other children: he's a \"rabbit in a human world.\" He grows up to accept repetitive chorus boy jobs in such Broadway revues as \"Girl of the Golden Vest,\" \"Wearing of the Grin\" and \"Rosie's Cheeks.\" His career hits the skids and he's living on a park bench before he's discovered by that great vaudeville star, Elmer Fudd. Their dual comedy act is a hit, which leads to film roles. Will Bugs Bunny ever have to look back? [PAR] Rating[DOC] [TLE] What's Up Doc? (1950) - IMDb What's Up Doc? (1950) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Bugs' showbiz career is recounted from babyhood to stardom. Bugs and Elmer Fudd perform the title song. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 989 titles [PAR] created 14 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 268 titles [PAR] created 27 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 176 titles [PAR] created 21 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 829 titles [PAR] created 23 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 1408 titles [PAR] created 21 Sep 2015 [PAR] Title: What's Up Doc? (1950) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Bugs rescues a young rabbit from Pete Puma and gives lessons on how to heckle. [PAR] Director: Robert McKimson [PAR] Sing Song guard (Yosemite) Sam Shultz mistakes Bugs for a prisoner when he tunnels up inside the jail. [PAR] Director: Friz Freleng [PAR] A sudden rainstorm floods Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole and puts him in the path of an Evil Scientist and of Rudolph, a beast that is covered in orange fur and shod in sneakers. [PAR] Director: Chuck Jones [PAR] Daffy Duck pitches to J.L. Warner a starring role with himself in a ridiculously over the top swashbuckler film. [PAR] Director: Chuck Jones [PAR] When Bugs calls a cab he doesn't know it's the getaway car for a couple of bankrobbers (he does know the capital of Nevada). [PAR] Director: Friz Freleng [PAR] Daffy Duck plays a western hero, but things don't go as he hoped in a one horse town. [PAR] Director: Chuck Jones [PAR] Bugs Bunny takes a wrong turn at Albuquerque and winds up in a Mexican bullring fighting one heck of a big bullying bull. [PAR] Director: Chuck Jones [PAR] Bugs Bunny retaliates against the pompous opera star who does him violence. [PAR] Director: Chuck Jones [PAR] Porky and Sylvester spend the night in an old dark house, whose horrors only Sylvester sees. His repeated attempts to save Porky from the ghoulish doings of the killer mice infesting the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Chuck Jones [PAR] Bugs is tricked into being the first rabbit shot into space. When he lands on the moon he finds Commander X-2 (later known as Marvin Martian) set to blow up planet Earth. [PAR] Director: Chuck Jones [PAR] Yosemite Sam tries to force Bugs Bunny to do a high-diving act when the regular act cancels; but the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jennifer Lopez - Biography - IMDb Jennifer Lopez - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jennifer Lopez [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 147 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (88) | Personal Quotes (30) | Salary (20) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 6\" (1.68 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born in the Castle Hill section of the South Bronx on July 24, 1969. She is the middle of three musically-inclined sisters, Leslie Lopez , a homemaker, and Lynda Lopez , a DJ on New York's WKTU, a VH1 VJ, and a morning news show correspondent on New York's Channel 11. Jennifer always dreamed of being a multi-tasking superstar. Jennifer's parents, Guadalupe Rodriguez and David Lopez , were both born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, the second largest Puerto Rican city. The two were then brought to the continental United States during their childhoods and, eventually, met while living in New York City. [PAR] As a child, Jennifer enjoyed a variety of musical genres, mainly Afro-Caribbean rhythms like salsa, merengue and bachata, and mainstream music like pop, hip-hop and R&B. Although she loved music, the film industry also intrigued her. Her biggest influence was the Rita Moreno musical, West Side Story (1961). At age five, Jennifer began taking singing and dancing lessons. Aside from being a budding entertainer, Jennifer was also a Catholic schoolgirl, attending eight years at an all-girls catholic high school named \"Holy Family\", located in the Bronx, before graduating from Preston High School after a four-year stay. At school, Jennifer was an amazing athlete and participated in track and field and tennis. At age eighteen, Lopez moved out of her parent's home. During this time, Lopez worked at a law firm while she took dancing jobs at night. [PAR] After high school, she briefly worked in a law office. During this time, she continued dance classes at night. At 18, she left home because her mother was scared by her decision to pursue show business. Her big break came when she was offered a job as a fly girl on Fox's hit comedy, In Living Color (1990). After a two-year stay at In Living Color (1990) where actress Rosie Perez served as choreographer, Lopez then went on to dance for famed singer-actress Janet Jackson . Her first major film was Gregory Nava 's My Family (1995), and her career went into over-drive when she portrayed slain Tejana singer Selena Quintanilla Perez in Selena (1997). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: John Sacksteder < jsack@ka.net> and GinaL [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Chosen by People magazine as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World (1997). [PAR] Both her parents are Puerto Rican. [PAR] At the movie wrap party for Selena (1997), on October 28, 1996 in San Antonio, the star played an unexpected love scene when her boyfriend Ojani Noa grabbed a microphone and proposed to her in the middle of the dance floor, presenting her with a large marquis-cut diamond ring. She said, \"Yes.\". [PAR] She was one of the \"Fly Girls\" dancers on the television comedy series In Living Color (1990). [PAR] In the gyms, they called her \"La Guitarra\" because her body curved like a guitar. [PAR] In her Bronx neighborhood, they call her \"The Supernova\". [PAR] She moved to Manhattan to learn how to dance and used to sleep in the studio where she was practicing. [PAR] Lopez and boyfriend musician Sean Combs were arrested in connection with a nightclub shooting. Police found them with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Superman's Home Planet Krypton 'Found' - Space.com Superman's Home Planet Krypton 'Found' [PAR] Superman's Home Planet Krypton 'Found' [PAR] By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer | [PAR] November 5, 2012 12:39pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Astronomer Neil deGrasse Tyson helped DC Comics, home of the Superman comics, find a plausible star to be the host of the superhero's home planet, Krypton. [PAR] Credit: DC Comics [PAR] A prominent astrophysicist has pinned down a real location for Superman's fictional home planet of Krypton. [PAR] Krypton is found 27.1 light-years from Earth, in the southern constellation Corvus (The Crow), says Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of the American Museum of Natural History's Hayden Planetarium in New York City. The planet orbits the red dwarf star LHS 2520, which is cooler and smaller than our sun. [PAR] Tyson performed the celestial sleuthing at the request of DC Comics, which wanted to run a story about Superman's search for his home planet. [PAR] The new book \u2014 Action Comics Superman #14, titled \"Star Light, Star Bright\" \u2014 comes out Wednesday (Nov. 7). Tyson appears within its pages, aiding the Man of Steel on his quest. [PAR] \"As a native of Metropolis, I was delighted to help Superman, who has done so much for my city over all these years,\" Tyson said in a statement. \"And it\u2019s clear that if he weren\u2019t a superhero he would have made quite an astrophysicist.\" [PAR] You'll have to read \"Star Light, Star Bright\" to find out just how Superman and Tyson pinpoint Krypton. For amateur astronomers who want to spot the real star LHS 2520 in the night sky, here are its coordinates: [PAR] Right Ascension: 12 hours 10 minutes 5.77 seconds [PAR] Declination: -15 degrees 4 minutes 17.9 seconds [PAR] Proper Motion: 0.76 arcseconds per year, along 172.94 degrees from due north [PAR] Superman was born on Krytpon but was launched toward Earth as an infant by his father, Jor-El, just before the planet's destruction. After touching down in Kansas, Superman was raised as Clark Kent by a farmer and his wife. [PAR] Now Superman will apparently know exactly where he came from. [PAR] \"This is a major milestone in the Superman mythos that gives our super hero a place in the universe,\" DC Entertainment co-publisher Dan DiDio said in a statement. \"Having Neil deGrasse Tyson in the book was one thing, but by applying real-world science to this story he has forever changed Superman\u2019s place in history. Now fans will be able to look up at the night\u2019s sky and say, 'That\u2019s where Superman was born.'\" [PAR] Follow SPACE.com senior writer Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall or SPACE.com @Spacedotcom . We're also on Facebook and Google+ . [PAR] Editor's Recommendations"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biannual | Definition of Biannual by Merriam-Webster Biannual | Definition of Biannual by Merriam-Webster [PAR] How Often Is 'Biweekly'? [PAR] What do bimonthly and biweekly mean? [PAR] Many people are puzzled about bimonthly and biweekly, which are often ambiguous because they are formed from two different senses of bi-: \u201coccurring every two\u201d and \u201coccurring two times.\u201d This ambiguity has been in existence for nearly a century and a half and cannot be eliminated by the dictionary. The chief difficulty is that many users of these words assume that others know exactly what they mean, and they do not bother to make their context clear. So if you need bimonthly or biweekly, you should leave some clues in your context to the sense of bi- you mean. And if you need the meaning \u201ctwice a,\u201d you can substitute semi- for bi-. Biannual and biennial are usually differentiated. [PAR] Examples of biannual in a sentence [PAR] Politicians still tremble when Barry begins his biannual comeback flirtations. \u2026 But if they'd spent less time looking over their shoulders and more time looking over election returns, they'd have seen that Barry was likely heading for a poleaxing when he called it quits. \u2014Michael Schaffer, New Republic, 22 Apr. 2002 [PAR] \u2026 have recommended routine annual or biannual mammographic screening for asymptomatic women without a personal or family history of breast cancer, starting at the age of 40. \u2014Nels Marcus Thygeson, Journal of the American Medical Association, 8 July 1986 [PAR] One of the more fascinating commonplace facts about the whitetail is its biannual change of color. Summer, when deer come \u201cinto the red,\u201d as the saying goes, scant reddish-brown hairs replace the winter coat. Fall, deer come back \u201cinto the blue,\u201d though less than blue, with a thick pelage of hollow, grayish-tan hairs \u2026 \u2014John G. Mitchell, Smithsonian, November 1982 [PAR] The group holds biannual meetings in December and July. [PAR] The art show is a biannual event that won't happen again for two more years. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] When we describe something as biannual, we can mean either that it occurs twice a year or that it occurs once every two years. So how does someone know which particular meaning we have in mind? Well, unless we provide them with a contextual clue, they don't. Some people prefer to use semiannual to refer to something that occurs twice a year, reserving biannual for things that occur once every two years. This practice is hardly universal among English speakers, however, and biannual remains a potentially ambiguous word. Fortunately, English also provides us with biennial, a word that specifically refers to something that occurs every two years or that lasts or continues for two years. [PAR] 1877 [PAR] First Known Use of biannual [PAR] 1877"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Hay Wain | artble.com The Hay Wain | artble.com [PAR] The Hay Wain [PAR] The Hay Wain Story / Theme [PAR] The Hay Wain [PAR] The Hay Wain [PAR] John Constable [PAR] In The Hay Wain John Constable chose to paint a rural landscape which runs into the distance in sun-drenched meadows, offset by the cool waters of the pool in the foreground. The theme of this painting is very much rural life and the beauty of the landscape which the artist loved so much. [PAR] The Hay Wain is based on a site near Flatford on the river Stour, in Suffolk, England. The hay wain itself is a type of horse-drawn cart which would have been a common piece of agricultural equipment used during the artist's youth. [PAR] The cottage in the left of the image was rented by a farmer and stands behind Flatford Mill , owned by Constable's father. Across the meadow in the distance on the right, a group of haymakers can be seen working. [PAR] The farm workers are hard at work but seem contended and are surrounded by beautiful scenery. All of these aspects illustrate Constable's idyllic view of his home county of Suffolk. [PAR] Industrial Revolution: [PAR] However idyllic Constable's view of rural England was throughout his career it's unlikely that there was as much calm and happiness in the countryside during this period. Due to the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, many rural people found themselves out of jobs as farming work became more industrialized and machines reduced the man power needed to harvest and maintain crops and animals. Large areas of Britain also saw uprisings and riots amongst the rural communities that were affected by the job losses. [PAR] It may be that Constable did not paint images of these problems because he did not want to draw attention away from the natural landscape itself. In The Hay Wain the workers happily fit in with nature and live in harmony with the area. [PAR] On the other hand the admission of the true relationship farm workers had with the land could have been because the industrial revolution simply didn't affect Constable; he came from a wealthy family and the revolution only served to make the rich richer. [PAR] Through family friends and business associates Constable was exposed to what was considered the best art of his day and this led to him developing his own painting style which is illustrated in The Hay Wain. [PAR] The Hay Wain Analysis [PAR] John Constable [PAR] Composition: [PAR] Unlike the symmetrical and classical landscapes of Claude Lorrain , widely considered to be the pinnacle of landscape painting even up to Constable's day, The Hay Wain is portrayed as a real scene and therefore symmetry is not as important as realism in the piece. [PAR] Instead Constable sketched what he saw and ultimately what he knew well, having lived near this farm as a boy. [PAR] Technique: [PAR] Complete and perfect beauty- something that could only be created in a mythical or biblical world - was popular during Constable's time. The artist painted nature as it was, and his work was a breath of fresh air in an art world full of over-dramatic and stylized landscapes. [PAR] Color palette: [PAR] In keeping with the artist's love of nature, natural tones are predominant in The Hay wain and there is contrast between the pool of water, the tall delicate trees and the strong brick house to the left. [PAR] The different tones all complement each other and are repeated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - online literature Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. Search eText, Read Online, Study, Discuss. [PAR] Use of a Child Protagonist [PAR] Hello everyone, I just finished reading Huckleberry Finn, and in a few weeks, we are required to write a paper about it. It's a literary analysis, and my teacher assigned me the following question: In Huckleberry Finn, the protagonist (Huck Finn) is a child. Why did Mark Twain decide to use a child as opposed to an adult protagonist? Any ideas? -Desmond Tacoma, WA [PAR] Posted By sousa95 at Wed 13 Apr 2011, 12:27 AM in Huckleberry Finn || 0 Replies [PAR] 15 major events in huck finn [PAR] hey sorry to ask this but can you please tell me 15 major events spread out across the book and what chapters theyre in? I know its a lot of work but I desperately need this. Again sorry for all the work. [PAR] Posted By jacksfacts123 at Tue 15 Mar 2011, 1:26 AM in Huckleberry Finn || 0 Replies [PAR] \"huck finn\" edited...despicable! [PAR] http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/45645-upcoming-newsouth-huck-finn-eliminates-the-n-word.html?utm_source=Publishers+Weekly%27s+PW+Daily&utm_campaign=74671e6e20-UA-15906914-1&utm_medium=email I can't remember the last time I was so infuriated at the re-working of a classic...THAT IS HEINOUS! A classic that made its mark by displaying the social and moral fabric of American society like no other book--it's arguably THE \"Great American Novel,\" and certainly ranks up there for that honor--with the highs AND lows of America, the good ideas at work AND the ugliness and hypocrisy within...the claim of \"All men are created equal\" and the enslavement and demeaning treatment of an entire race and the removal and in some cases extinction of another... A book that ATTACKS racism and bigotry... And they take out the \"N-word\" and \"Injun\" to make it more pallateable? Well, while we're at it, why not change around some of the work from the 1920s and 1930s? I'm a Jew but, hey, I just can't handle it and any future kids someday just would be better off not having to face the \"K-word,\" right? And we can just rewrite those books that have Anti-Semetic characters to soften the blow--no problem! After all, why have Shylock suffer all the slings and arrows and terrible treatment and slanders in The Merchant of Venice when we can just PC it up and make it perfectly clear those nice, virtuous Venetians were perfect Christians in that day and age and didn't subjugate Shylock or the Jews at all! We don't need THAT! Who needs cold, cruel details and an actual reason for one of the first complex Jewish characters in literature to do what he does when we can just nice it up and clear the Venetians' names and make Shylock a flat character and be SURE no one EVER need see he had ANY reason to act badly. Shakespeare...he was less evolved, less civilized, right? Same with Twain! After all, THEY know better than Twain what Twain meant to get across--why should Jim and his people have to face such terrible language and provide them with reasons for what they do and how we should feel about them and their white masters when \"slave\" works just fine! After all, \"slave\" gets it AL across, right? No need to throw in a word that was far more derogatory and insulting and humiliating for them, no need to make us feel uncomfortable that we treated them not only as slaves, but less than human, and called them as such! And hey--while we took over the \"Native American\" lands, we were at least SURE we didn't \"insult them\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basil Pesto Recipe : Food Network Kitchen : Food Network Basil Pesto Recipe : Food Network Kitchen : Food Network [PAR] 2/3 cup extra-virgin olive oil, divided [PAR] Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste [PAR] 1/2 cup freshly grated Pecorino cheese [PAR] Directions [PAR] Watch how to make this recipe. [PAR] Combine the basil, garlic, and pine nuts in a food processor and pulse until coarsely chopped. Add 1/2 cup of the oil and process until fully incorporated and smooth. Season with salt and pepper. [PAR] If using immediately, add all the remaining oil and pulse until smooth. Transfer the pesto to a large serving bowl and mix in the cheese. [PAR] If freezing, transfer to an air-tight container and drizzle remaining oil over the top. Freeze for up to 3 months. Thaw and stir in cheese. [PAR] Copyright 2003 Television Food Network, G.P. All rights reserved [PAR] Recipe courtesy of Food Network Kitchens [PAR] CATEGORIES:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amazon.com: The Goodies: Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden ... Amazon.com: The Goodies: Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden, Bill Oddie, Corbet Woodall, Roland MacLeod, Ernie Goodyear, Patrick Moore, Sheila Steafel, David Rappaport, Michael Barratt, Marcelle Samett, Norman Mitchell: Movies & TV [PAR] Movies & TV [PAR] Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime [PAR] Only 20 left in stock (more on the way). [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Gift-wrap available. [PAR] The Goodies has been added to your Cart [PAR] Add to Cart [PAR] Want it Wednesday, Jan. 18? Order within and choose Two-Day Shipping at checkout. Details [PAR] Ship to: [PAR] Please enter a valid US zip code. [PAR] Please enter a valid US zip code. [PAR] Shipping to a APO/FPO/DPO? Please add the address to your address book. Make sure you include the unit and box numbers (if assigned). [PAR] or [PAR] Comment: Sealed item. Like NEW. 30 Day Satisfaction Guarantee. [PAR] Add to Cart [PAR] Sorry, there was a problem. [PAR] There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. Please try again. [PAR] Sorry, there was a problem. [PAR] List unavailable. [PAR] Get up to a $0.69 [PAR] Gift Card. [PAR] Have one to sell? Sell on Amazon [PAR] Image Unavailable [PAR] Sorry, this item is not available in [PAR] Image not available [PAR] To view this video download Flash Player [PAR] [PAR] Tim Brooke-Taylor (Actor, Writer), Graeme Garden (Actor, Writer) Rated: [PAR] NR [PAR] See More [PAR] Sling Television: 7 days FREE [PAR] Watch Live TV Programming Any Time and Anywhere. Simple monthly pricing, no long-term contracts or hidden fees. Watch now [PAR] See all buying options [PAR] $17.99 Free Shipping for Prime Members | Fast, FREE Shipping with Amazon Prime Only 20 left in stock (more on the way). Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Gift-wrap available. [PAR] Frequently Bought Together [PAR] These items are shipped from and sold by different sellers. Show details [PAR] Buy the selected items together [PAR] This item:The Goodies by Tim Brooke-Taylor DVD $17.99 [PAR] Only 20 left in stock (more on the way). [PAR] Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Funky Gibbon: Best of by Goodies Audio CD $8.72 [PAR] Only 2 left in stock. [PAR] Sold by skyvo-direct-usa and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. [PAR] FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details [PAR] Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Your cost could be $0.00 instead of $17.99! Get the Amazon Rewards Visa Card and you'll automatically get $50.00 off instantly as an Amazon.com Gift Card. Apply now. [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] Yes, it's the Goodies - alias Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, in three of their funniest episodes! KITTEN KONG: The Goodies Animal Clinic is open for business and Twinkle the 23 year old kitten is one of their first customers-or-casualtie [PAR] Special Features [PAR] Format: Multiple Formats, Color, NTSC [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Region: Region 1 (U.S. and Canada only. Read more about DVD formats. ) [PAR] Number of discs: 1 [PAR] DVD Release Date: March 20, 2007 [PAR] Run Time: 86 minutes [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over [PAR] Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Guide to Cockney Rhyming Slang - London Pass Blog Please complete the fields below: [PAR] Email [PAR] Guide to Cockney Rhyming Slang [PAR] September 20, 2015 2:31 pm [PAR] Cockney Rhyming slang is a die hard part of East End London culture that will always be part of the fabric of the city and has been around since the mid 19th century. There are many theories as to how it started, some say it was a lingustic mutation and accident, others speculate that it was the result of a widespread game; some say it was devised by criminals to trick the police; and others say that it developed as a secret language to confuse non-locals passing through, or traders among traders to bargain without the customers knowing. [PAR] For those unfamiliar of this dialect the language has formed through two rhyming words with a common household word \u2013 however over time, this has mutated; so on occasion the slang really does sound like another language! [PAR] To make it easier for you \u2013 here\u2019s a list of the top 10 classic rhyming slang that you might here if ever you venture East past Hackney. To practice, just watch an episode of Only Fools & Horses, or EastEnders, to get a feel for it\u2026 [PAR] Apples and Pears = stairs [PAR] This might have roots in the traders stalls who stacked their fruit and vegetables in \u201csteps and stairs\u201d in front of their stands in an arresting display. [PAR] Bees and honey = money [PAR] This is a more cryptic literal link, referring to bees which produce honey which can translate into workers producing money \u2013 the result of both is sweet! [PAR] Bottle and stopper = copper [PAR] The copper is a slang term in itself for a policeman. In this case there are two meanings; a bottle would hold the contents \u2013 ie, like a police would in a jail, or the stopper would prevent someone or something from happening. [PAR] Butcher\u2019s hook = look [PAR] The butchers hook was the double ended hook that hung up in butchers to display the meats they had on show. This phrase probably originated in Smithfield Meat Market, near Farringdon. [PAR] Duck and dive = hide [PAR] As a duck would dive under the surface of the water, this phrase means something the same, as in to remove oneself from the situation and to hide. [PAR] Dog and bone = phone [PAR] We\u2019re not sure where this one came from other than it rhymes and is a brilliant one to slip into every day conversation! [PAR] Kettle and hob = watch [PAR] This is a confusing phrase as it doesn\u2019t rhyme with its modern day meaning. The term means watch, which has stemmed from a fob watch which was a pocket watch with attached to the body with a small chain. The kettle used to boil on the hob of a stove\u2026 hence the rhyme. [PAR] Mince pies = eyes [PAR] This is a term used widely in London even to this days, usually to describe a girls features. Her eyes would be described as Minces, an even more slang term from the original mince pies. [PAR] On the floor = poor [PAR] This was a colloquial term for housewives who would find themselves temporarily out of pocket, and without any money. [PAR] Porky pie = lie [PAR] To tell a porkie is something everyone\u2019s been accused of as a child \u2013 and perhaps even older! A fib or a lie, to tell a pork pie means to fabricate something"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Drill a Bowling Ball: 12 Steps (with Pictures) How to Drill a Bowling Ball: 12 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] Preparing to Drill [PAR] 1 [PAR] Choose a ball. Choose the bowling ball that's right for you, based its weight and the materials it is made of. [PAR] Bowling balls can be made of plastic (the cheapest balls), urethane, reactive resin, or particle. Each of these different materials provides differing degrees of friction, power, and control. [1] [PAR] If you can, it's a good idea to experiment with different types and weights of balls before selecting one. Once you drill a ball, it's yours for good. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Choose a hole configuration. Different finger hole configurations will provide differing amounts of control and power. Choosing the configuration that's right for you will require you to assess your own strengths and weaknesses as a bowler. [2] [PAR] A conventional grip is achieved by drilling holes deep enough so that your fingers and thumb are inserted into the ball up to the second knuckle joint. This is the traditional bowling alley ball configuration because it is the easiest to control. It is the recommended configuration for beginners and players of moderate skill. [PAR] A fingertip grip is achieved by drilling holes that allow your fingers to be inserted into the ball up to the first knuckle joint. This is an advanced configuration that is much harder to control, but provides increased lift, power, and spin. [3] [PAR] A semi-fingertip grip is achieved by drilling holes that allow your fingers to be inserted into the ball between the first and second knuckle joint. This is a happy medium between the grips described above and is easier to master than the fingertip grip while providing more power than the conventional grip. [4] [PAR] There are also other types of grips, such as the Sarge Easter grip, but the three above are the most common. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Measure your span. Measure the distance from the base of your thumb to the points at which the two fingers you will use to hold the ball will bend (some people prefer the forefinger and middle finger while others prefer the middle finger and ring finger). [5] [PAR] For a conventional grip, this means measuring from the base of the the thumb to the second crease in the appropriate fingers. [6] For a fingertip grip, measure to the crease closest to your fingertip. [PAR] Using an adjustable bowling ball makes this process much more precise and is strongly recommended. Adjustable bowling balls have movable holes and various depths of finger inserts. A bowling ball manufacturer, sports and recreation store, or possibly your local bowling alley probably have a measuring ball. [PAR] If you do not have access to an adjustable bowling ball for measuring your grip, you can simply place your fingers onto the surface of your un-drilled ball and mark around each finger once the placement feels comfortable. This isn't as exact, but it is comparable. [PAR] Alternatively, you can also measure your span using a compass or calipers, keeping your fingers together and thumb out, and then reducing your measurement by about 1/8 of an inch (or 1/4 for a fingertip grip). [7] [PAR] To determine the depth the holes will need to be without a measuring ball, measure the distance from the edge of your span to the ends of the fingers that will be going into the holes. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Record your measurements. Write down both your finger depth measurements and the distance between holes for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Know if a Woman is a Cougar: 12 Steps - wikiHow How to Know if a Woman is a Cougar: 12 Steps (with Pictures) [PAR] How to Know if a Woman is a Cougar [PAR] Two Parts: Identifying a Cougar Attracting an Older Woman Community Q&A [PAR] \u201cCougars\u201d are popularly defined as women in their 40s (or older) who date significantly younger men, generally at a 10-year age gap or more. Pop culture paints the cougar as predatory and pathetically desperate, but women have recently begun fighting the stereotype: real cougars, they argue, are confident, successful, single women over the age of 40, who \u2014 tired of unromantic and narrow-minded men their own age \u2014 date younger, more active and more adventurous men. [1] [2] This article offers tips on identifying and attracting a \u201ccougar\u201d \u2014 also (and preferably) known as, an older woman. [PAR] Steps [PAR] Identifying a Cougar [PAR] 1 [PAR] Forget everything you think you know about cougars. In fact, forget the term all together. If you are interested in dating and/or having a romantic encounter with an older woman, you\u2019ll need to treat her like a human being \u2014 not some sexist stereotype of how a sexually active older woman looks and behaves. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Determine the woman\u2019s age. The generally accepted age group for cougars is 40-plus; however, some people go as low as 35 in their definition. With new creams and procedures available, many men and women are able to look much younger than they are. Some things you can look for, which apply to both sexes: [3] [PAR] Dry, dull and/or thinning hair: both men and women experience a decrease in the quality of their hair as they get older. You might notice that an older woman has brittle-looking hair that lacks the shine and fullness of younger people. Her hair might also be dyed to cover grey hairs. [4] [PAR] Sparse eyebrows and eyelashes: as we age, our hormones drop and hair growth slows, which can make our eyebrows and eyelashes less lush. Some women might opt for pencilled or tattooed eyebrows, and eyelash extensions \u2014 so it still might be difficult to judge their age based on these factors alone. [PAR] Thinner lips and eroded tooth enamel: our lips wrinkle and thin with age, and our teeth wear down and erode. You might notice thin lines around an older woman\u2019s mouth, thinner lips (maybe partly hidden with lipliner), and duller or translucent teeth. [PAR] Thin skin: as men and women get older, the smooth skin on their necks gain ridges and wrinkles \u2014 unless they use Botox or have a face-lifts, that is. Thin skin will also be apparent on the hands, making veins, knuckles, and tendons more visible. [PAR] Dry and saggy knees and elbows: with age the skin around our knees and elbows begins to dry and sag around the joints. The skin around the elbows in particular can become darker and much drier than the surrounding skin. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Evaluate her makeup. Evolutionary psychology has shown that when evaluating women\u2019s desirability, physical attractiveness is a more important factor than it is in evaluating men\u2019s desirability. [5] This means that while less attractive men might still be desirable based on their intelligence, humor, income, etc., women are still largely judged on how they look. For this reason, it makes sense that with age, a woman might amp up her makeup routine to try to hide the signs of aging that will make her less desirable. [PAR] You might notice an older woman wearing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SERENDIP | Article about SERENDIP by The Free Dictionary SERENDIP | Article about SERENDIP by The Free Dictionary [PAR] SERENDIP | Article about SERENDIP by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/SERENDIP [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Acronyms , Wikipedia . [PAR] Sri Lanka [PAR] (sr\u0113 l\u00e4ng`k\u0259) [Sinhalese,=resplendent land], formerly Ceylon, ancient Taprobane, officially Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, island republic (2005 est. pop. 20,065,000), 25,332 sq mi (65,610 sq km), in the Indian Ocean, just SE of India. The capital is Sri Jayewardenapura Kotte Sri Jayewardenapura Kotte, [PAR] city (1995 est. pop. 114,000), capital of Sri Lanka. A suburb of Colombo (the former capital) previously known as Kotte, the city was designated as the future capital of the country and renamed in 1977. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . Colombo Colombo [PAR] , largest city (1995 est. pop. 750,000) and former capital of Sri Lanka, a port on the Indian Ocean near the mouth of the Kelani River. The original Sinhalese name, Kalantotta (\"Kelani ferry\"), was corrupted to Kolambu by Arab traders and was changed to [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , the former capital (and still the site of many government offices), is the commercial capital and largest city. [PAR] Land and People [PAR] The pear-shaped island is 140 mi (225 km) across at its widest point and 270 mi (435 km) long. The narrow northern end is almost linked to SE India by Adam's Bridge, a chain of limestone shoals that, although partly submerged, present an obstacle to navigation. About four fifths of the island is flat or gently rolling; mountains in the south central area include Adam's Peak (7,360 ft/2,243 m) and rise to Pidurutalagal (8,291 ft/2,527 m), the highest point on the island. Sri Lanka has a generally warm, subtropical climate; the average lowland temperature is 80&degF; (27&degC;), but humidity is high. Rainfall, largely carried by monsoons, is adequate for agriculture, except in the subhumid north. In addition to Sri Jayewardenapura Kotte and Colombo, other important cities are Dehiwala\u2013Mount Lavinia, Kandy Kandy [PAR] , city (1995 est. pop. 108,000), capital of Central prov., Sri Lanka, on the Kandy Plateau. Once the capital of the Sinhalese Kandyan kingdom, it is now a mountain resort and market center for an area producing tea, rubber, rice, and cacao. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , Galle Galle [PAR] , city (1995 est. pop. 87,000), capital of Southern prov., extreme S Sri Lanka, on the Indian Ocean. An agricultural market center, it exports tea, rubber, coconut oil, cloves, and other products of the surrounding region. The city has a cement factory as well. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , and Jaffna. [PAR] The population of Sri Lanka is composed mainly (more than 70%) of Sinhalese, who are Theravada Buddhists. Sri Lankan Moors, Indian Tamils, and Sri Lankan Tamils are the largest minorities; there are also Burghers (descendants of Dutch and Portuguese colonists), and Eurasians (descended from British colonists). In addition to the Buddhist majority, there are Muslims, Hindus, and Christians (mainly Roman Catholics). The official language is Sinhalese (Sinhala); Tamil is a second national language, and English is commonly used in government. [PAR] Economy [PAR] The country's economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, which now contributes less than 20% to the gross domestic product and employs about a third of the work force. The emphasis is on export crops such as tea, rubber, and coconuts (all plantation-grown). Cinnamon, cardamom, pepper, cloves, nutmeg, citronella, tobacco, cocoa, and coffee are also exported. Rice, sugarcane, grains,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spinone Italiano Dog Breed Information - Vetstreet.com is ... Spinone Italiano Dog Breed Information [PAR] Tendency toward a tolerance for cats and a lower prey drive. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Child Friendly [PAR] Dogs that tend to be more sturdy, playful and easygoing around children and more tolerant of children's behavior. [PAR] 5 stars [PAR] Tendency to enjoy or tolerate other dogs. [PAR] 5 stars [PAR] Level of daily activity needed. [PAR] 4 stars [PAR] Amount of bathing, brushing, even professional grooming needed. [PAR] 2 stars [PAR] Level of health issues a breed tends to have. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] A dog's thinking and problem-solving ability (not trainability). [PAR] 5 stars [PAR] How lighthearted and spirited a dog tends to be. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Amount and frequency of dog hair shedding. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Preferred amount of interaction with other pets and humans. [PAR] 4 stars [PAR] Tendency to be welcoming to new people. [PAR] 5 stars [PAR] A dog's inclination to be protective of his home, yard or even car. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Level of ease in learning something new and a willingness to try new things. [PAR] 4 stars [PAR] A breed that is likely to alert you to the presence of strangers. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Overview [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The Spinone is a versatile Italian pointing breed with stamina and patience. He excels at hunting on any terrain, including being an excellent retriever, but given enough exercise can be perfectly happy as a companion dog. [PAR] We\u2019re not talking an Italian dessert here. The Italian Spinone is a pointing breed with versatile hunting skills and a calm, easygoing temperament. He works slowly and methodically and is noted for his wiry, bramble-repelling \u201cspino\u201d coat, from which he takes his name. This is a large dog , weighing 60 to 85 pounds. [PAR] The breed is sometimes called Italian Spinone in English, but the AKC calls him Spinone Italiano (Spinoni Italiani is plural). An easygoing type, this Italian wirehaired pointer can be an endearing clown at home but takes his hunting very seriously. He is smart enough to know the difference between a real hunt and a field trial, and doesn't show much enthusiasm for training dummies. [PAR] The Spinone is a great family dog or companion for people who have the time and motivation to give him daily exercise and channel his energy and intelligence into dog sports such as agility, flyball, rally and obedience. Overall health permitting, he can also be a great hiking or camping buddy. Italian Spinoni can be great companions for families with kids who are at least 6 years old, and they tend to get along well with other dogs and cats if they are raised with them. [PAR] The Spinone doesn't need to live on a farm or an acreage, as he's less active than most sporting dogs, but he does need daily exercise. This breed likes to jump and dig, so he needs a securely fenced yard with an area he can call his own. [PAR] The Spinone wants to be with his people and would be miserable without them. However, if you don't act like a leader, he may become stubborn, and he may resist certain training if he thinks there isn't a point to it, like working with field dummies. The Spinone isn't the fastest dog to housetrain, either. He's a bit cautious sometimes; a good word for him is sensible. The Spinone is an adequate watchdog, but not a guard dog. He barks only once in a while. [PAR] This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Question of Sport - UKGameshows A Question of Sport - UKGameshows [PAR] A Question of Sport [PAR] Bill Beaumont (2 programmes, 1996) [PAR] Sue Barker (2 programmes in 1996, then 1997-) [PAR] Jimmy Carr (Sport Relief special 2008) [PAR] Jason Manford (A Question of Sport: Super Saturday) [PAR] Co-hosts [PAR] Phil Tufnell (2008-) [PAR] There have also been several stand-in captains over the years. They have included: Bobby Moore; Bobby Charlton; John Barnes; Roger Black; Jonathan Davies; Will Carling; Sam Torrance; Matthew Pinsent; David Ginola; David Seaman; Michael Owen; Shane Warne; Jamie Redknapp; Ricky Hatton; Dennis Taylor and Gary Speed. Ally McCoist, John Parrott and Phil Tufnell were all also stand-in captains before becoming regulars. [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] BBC1 North West (regional), 2 December 1968 (Pilot) [PAR] BBC North West for BBC1, 5 January 1970 to present [PAR] as A Question of Sport: Super Saturday BBC One, 21 June to 19 July 2014 (5 episodes in 1 series) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] The eternal question: What Happens Next? This show has been going for years and years and years. And maybe longer than that. Past captains (well, Bill Beaumont anyway - and of course David Coleman) have hosted the show and it has been regular prime-time viewing. And yes, it's about sport. Each team is made up of three people, two famous sporting guests and a captain who is usually more portly. [PAR] The traditional show invariably began with the Picture Round. 12 boxes each hide a picture of a famous sportsperson in an interesting pose (usually, Media Studies fans, a long shot but always an action shot). Each person would score two points if they got it correct, but if they don't know it's passed over to the opposition for a bonus. Every member of both teams gets a go. Generally there is two pictures for every sport represented by the team members that week. [PAR] A typical picture from the board. This, believe it or not, is Princess Anne - although Emlyn Hughes failed to recognise her (see 'Key Moments', below). [PAR] Then comes the Specialised Subject round. Each person would get a collage of clips based on their sport, and they would be asked to name two specific people in it. The captains, however, would get a completely random selection of sports, being the captains and everything. [PAR] Then comes the Home and Away round, a round devoted to everybody's third-favourite Australian soap. Ha, not really! Actually each guest in turn chooses to answer either a question on their own sport (\"home\") for one point or a general question (\"away\") for two. The team captains usually don't get the choice and have to take an \"away\" question. [PAR] Mystery Personality next, and a short piece of film of a famous personality filmed from odd positions and situations. They are carefully filmed so as never to completely give away who they are (or not, as was the case when they decided to show a full facial shot of Katharine Merry). Two points for a correct answer and one point if they don't know and the opposition gets it. [PAR] Then, it's What Happens Next? A piece of film starts and at an inopportune moment it stops and the contestants need to guess... well, you get the idea. Usually with some outrageous (i.e.wrong) guesses, you can be sure that hilarity will ensue when it turns out that a little cat runs onto the pitch or somesuch. Every week. [PAR] The One Minute Round, nine questions, nine points and sixty seconds. A nice mixture of trivia, picture questions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Man | - Evel Knievel The Man | [PAR] Evel Knievel was born Robert Craig Knievel [PAR] on Oct. 17, 1938 in Butte, Montana. [PAR] After a police chase in 1956, in which he crashed his motorcycle, Knievel was taken to jail on a charge of reckless driving. When the night jailer came around to check roll call, he noted Robert Knievel in one cell and William Knofel in another. Knofel was well known as \u201cAwful Knofel\u201d (\u201cawful\u201d rhyming with \u201cKnofel\u201d) so Knievel began to be referred to as Evel Knievel (\u201cEvel\u201d rhyming with \u201cKnievel\u201d). He chose this misspelling because of his last name and because he didn\u2019t want to be considered \u201cevil\u201d. [PAR] And thus the legend was born\u2026 [PAR] \u201cTHE PEOPLE DON\u2019T COME TO SEE ME DIE. [PAR] THEY COME TO SEE ME DEFY DEATH.\u201d [PAR] Death-defying feats have fascinated mankind for centuries. From sword swallowers to human cannonballs, the daredevils of history have risked life and limb to draw a crowd. Few performers gained lasting fame. But in the 1970\u2019s a motorcycle-jumping stuntman from Butte, Montana vaulted this tradition from its sideshow origins to unthinkable heights of popularity and influence. [PAR] Evel Knievel made the leap from rural county fairs to sold-out stadiums through a unique combination of bravado, determination, and promotional genius. He invented himself and his business, jumping, crashing, and miraculously recovering to promise even more outrageous stunts to come. [PAR] A generation of kids grew up transfixed by his televised exploits, imitating his stunts on bicycles and with Evel Knievel toys. [PAR] Evel\u2019s first jump was i n1966 at the National Date Festival in Indio, California. From that point on, Knievel\u2019s stunts became more ambitious and more dangerous. Some of his most memorable jumps include Caesars Palace (1967), Madison Square Garden (1971), Twin Falls, Idaho, Snake River Canyon(1975), and of course the famous Wembley Stadium jump (1975). [PAR] When USA ABC\u2019s Wide World of Sports collated the top twenty most watched sporting moments of all time, Evel featured five times \u2013 including the top spot. In one of his first jumps for ABC\u2019s Wide World of Sports, Knievel successfully jumped 50 stacked cars at the Los Angeles Coliseum in front of a crowd of 35,000. [PAR] This performance lead to a world record where Evel jumped 14 greyhound buses at King\u2019s Island amusement park in Ohio in 1975, four months after a spectacular crash in the jump over 13 buses at Wembley Stadium in London, England \u2013 which remains ABC\u2019s Wide World of Sports\u2019 highest rated show of all time. [PAR] Teach your kids about good and Evel. With the throttle wide-open, Evel Knievel went head to head with danger and lived to tell the tale. Despite failed jumps, crashes, and multiple broken bones, he always rose to perform again. This unconventional attitude to do things that had never been done before is exactly what made him a global icon. [PAR] Evel Knievel is an inspiration to people \u2013 young and old \u2013 who recognize they want to be in control of their own destiny. People who want to go out and do great things. People who use drive, determination, personality, and hard work to become their own legend. [PAR] AN AMERICAN ICON [PAR] From his humble roots in the unlikely town of Butte, MT, Knievel rode his motorcycle and guts to an unparalleled level of worldwide glory and fame, much of which he still carries with him today: King of the Daredevils, The Last of the Gladiators, The Godfather of Extreme Sports, Guinness Book of Records holder for the most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] General Lee's citizenship restored | American Civil War Forums General Lee's citizenship restored | American Civil War Forums [PAR] American Civil War Forums [PAR] Dismiss Notice [PAR] Join and Become a Patron at CivilWarTalk! [PAR] Support this site with a monthly or yearly subscription! Active Patrons get to browse the site Ad free! [PAR] Arlington, Texas [PAR] General Lee began the process of seeking official pardon in June, 1865 by sending it to General Grant. Observing the chain of command, Grant submitted it to the Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton along with his strong recommendation that it be approved. Stanton duly sent the pardon application to President Andrew Johnson. [PAR] Before the application could be considered, a federal court in Virginia had indicted Robert E. Lee for treason, which could stand in the way of a pardon. So once again Grant stepped up, sending a request to President Johnson to squash the indictment in that Grant had issued an official parole to Lee at Appomattox as a condition of his surrender. The indictment was unable to attract any support and simply faded away. [PAR] There was a second obstacle, an application for a pardon had to be accompanied by an [PAR] oath of allegience to the Union. Accordingly, on 10.2.1865, in the presence of a notary public affixed his signature to the following prescribed oath: [PAR] \"I, Robert E. Lee, of Lexington, Virginia, do solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty [PAR] God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, and the Union of the States thereunder, and that I will, in like manner, abide by and and faithfully support all laws and proclamations which had been made during the existing rebellion with reference to the emancipation of slaves, so help me God.\" [PAR] Some of Lee's former Confederate associates, a small but vocal group, objected to Lee's amnesty application and especially his oath of allegiance to the Union, claiming that his actions were contrary to the principles for which the South seceded. Lee did his best to explain his motives and assuage their anger. His efforts were not entirely successful. But he firmly believed in the course he was following and continued the legal measures required for obtaining a pardon. [PAR] Lee's notarized oath of allegiance was forwarded to William H. Seward, Secretary of State, who was to forward it to President Andrew Johnson. But the President never recieved the pledge so the pardon process could not be completed. There is no evidence to indicate Seward withheld the document from the President. Lee died 10.12.1870 without having his pardon or his citizenship restored. [PAR] 100 years later, in 1970, a Civil War buff obtained permission to research old State department files in the National Archives. He came across a cardboard box labeled, \"Virginia\". Upon examination he found the notorized pledge of allegiance to the United States that Robert E. Lee had executed in 1865. [PAR] Virginia Senator Harry F. Boyd proposed a Congressional resolution for a posthumous pardon and restoration of citizenship of Robert E. Lee. There were a few members of Congress who did not want the federal government to take any action that would that would benefit the memory of the great General. One Congressman, the Democratic Representative from Michigan, John Conyers referred to the resolution as \"neither healing nor charitable. [PAR] Congress overwhelmingly voted in favor for the resolution. The signing ceremony took place on August 5th, 1975 at Arlington House and signed by President Gerald Ford: \"I am very pleased to sign Senate Joint Resolution"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clint Eastwood - Dirty Harry Music Anthology Clint Eastwood - Dirty Harry Music Anthology [PAR] You don't assign him to murder cases. [PAR] You just turn him loose. [PAR] here have been few film series as popular as Warner Brothers' Dirty Harry movies starring Clint Eastwood. From the original Dirty Harry in 1971 to The Dead Pool in 1988, San Francisco homicide inspector Harry Callahan went his own way, tracking down killers while fighting his own battles within an ineffective criminal justice system. This page pays tribute to this wonderful film series. [PAR] In each Dirty Harry film, Harry's partner is either injured or killed. [PAR] In 1968 Harry's partner Fanduchi was killed. [PAR] In 1971 Harry's partner Dietrick was hospitalized. [PAR] Also in 1971, Harry's new partner, Chico Gonzales, was injured and hospitalized after a gun fight with Scorpio. He saved Harry's life. Chico retired from the force and became a school teacher. Frank De Georgio became Harry's partner. [PAR] In 1973, Harry was assigned a new partner named Early Smith. Smith was killed when a bomb detonated in his mail box. The bomb was planted by the vigilante cops. De Georgio became Harry's partner again. [PAR] In 1976, after being demoted to personnel but before being assigned a new partner Harry's former partner Frank De Georgio, was killed by Bobby Maxwell during a robbery. [PAR] In 1976, Harry was assigned a new partner. As the Mayor was trying to boost his popularity he began a new policy of having women on the police force. Harry's new partner was Kate Moore. Kate Moore died on Alcatraz while trying to save the mayor. [PAR] In 1983 Harry's partner was Horace King. Harry and Horace were good friends and when Harry got sent to San Paolo, Horace went to visit him. Horace was killed in Harry's apartment. [PAR] Until 1988 Harry worked without a partner. After testifying at the Jannero trial, Jannero wanted Harry killed. After an attempt on Harry's life where Harry killed his attackers he was assigned a new partner to cover his back. Al Quan moved into homicide to help Harry. Quan was injured when their car was partially blown up by the Dead Pool killer. [PAR] All Dirty Harry films end with the camera zooming out from the action. [PAR] In Dirty Harry , the camera zooms out as Harry walks away from killing Scorpio and throwing his badge in the water. [PAR] In Magnum Force , the camera zooms out as Harry walks away from the burning car of Lieutenant Briggs. [PAR] In The Enforcer , the camera zooms out as Harry walks away from the Mayor on Alcatraz Island. [PAR] In Sudden Impact , the camera zooms away as Harry and Jennifer Spencer walk away from the amusement park rides. [PAR] In The Dead Pool , the camera zooms away as Harry and Samantha Walker leave the pier. [PAR] In each Dirty Harry movie someone is killed within the first 5 minutes. [PAR] In Dirty Harry , an unknown women is killed by Scorpio while swimming in a rooftop pool. [PAR] In Magnum Force , four gangsters are killed after leaving court by a vigilante cop. [PAR] In The Enforcer , two gas men are killed by Bobby Maxwell in order to get their uniforms and truck. [PAR] In Sudden Impact , a man is killed by Jennifer Spencer as an act of revenge. [PAR] In The Dead Pool , Harry kills four gangsters who are ordered by Lou Jannero to kill him. [PAR] In each Dirty Harry film, Harry breaks up a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Did The Republican And Democratic Parties Get Their ... Election 101:How did the Republican and Democratic parties get their animal symbols? - Ask History [PAR] Ask History [PAR] July 7, 2015 By Elizabeth Nix [PAR] Share [PAR] David Eisenbach explains the origin of the donkey as a symbol of the Democratic party. [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Election 101:How did the Republican and Democratic parties get their animal symbols? [PAR] Author [PAR] Election 101:How did the Republican and Democratic parties get their animal symbols? [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] The Democratic Party\u2019s donkey and the Republican Party\u2019s elephant have been on the political scene since the 19th century. The origins of the Democratic donkey can be traced to the 1828 presidential campaign of Andrew Jackson. During that race, opponents of Jackson called him a jackass. However, rather than rejecting the label, Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812 who later served in the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, was amused by it and included an image of the animal in his campaign posters. Jackson went on to defeat incumbent John Quincy Adams and serve as America\u2019s first Democratic president. In the 1870s, influential political cartoonist Thomas Nast helped popularize the donkey as a symbol for the entire Democratic Party. [PAR] The Republican Party was formed in 1854 and six years later Abraham Lincoln became its first member elected to the White House. An image of an elephant was featured as a Republican symbol in at least one political cartoon and a newspaper illustration during the Civil War (when \u201cseeing the elephant\u201d was an expression used by soldiers to mean experiencing combat), but the pachyderm didn\u2019t start to take hold as a GOP symbol until Thomas Nast, who\u2019s considered the father of the modern political cartoon, used it in an 1874 Harper\u2019s Weekly cartoon. Titled \u201cThe Third-Term Panic,\u201d Nast\u2019s drawing mocked the New York Herald, which had been critical of President Ulysses Grant\u2019s rumored bid for a third term, and portrayed various interest groups as animals, including an elephant labeled \u201cthe Republican vote,\u201d which was shown standing at the edge of a pit. Nast employed the elephant to represent Republicans in additional cartoons during the 1870s, and by 1880 other cartoonists were using the creature to symbolize the party. [PAR] Along with the donkey and elephant, the German-born Nast is associated with another political animal, the ferocious Tammany Tiger, which the crusading artist famously featured in an 1871 Harper\u2019s Weekly cartoon that attacked New York\u2019s William \u201cBoss\u201d Tweed and Tammany Hall, his corrupt political machine. Not all of Nast\u2019s work was about politics, though; he\u2019s also credited with creating the modern image of Santa Claus. [PAR] Access hundreds of hours of historical video, commercial free, with HISTORY Vault . Start your free trial today. [PAR] Tags"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fathom | Definition of Fathom by Merriam-Webster Fathom | Definition of Fathom by Merriam-Webster [PAR] Examples of fathom in a sentence [PAR] <the pilot had to continually fathom the river, which drought conditions had lowered to unprecedented levels> [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Fathom comes to us from Old English f\u00e6thm, meaning \"outstretched arms.\" The noun fathom, which now commonly refers to a measure (especially of depth) of six feet, was originally used for the distance, fingertip to fingertip, created by stretching one's arms straight out from the sides of the body. In one of its earliest uses, the verb fathom meant to encircle something with the arms as if for measuring and was also a synonym for \"embrace.\" In the 1600s, however, fathom took on the meaning of using a sounding line to measure depth. At the same time, the verb also developed senses synonymous with \"probe\" or \"investigate,\" and is now frequently used to refer to the act of getting to the bottom of something (figuratively speaking). [PAR] Origin and Etymology of fathom"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Drug MDMA - Ecstasy Information, Use, Testing and Treatment Drug MDMA - Ecstasy Information, Use, Testing and Treatment [PAR] Drug MDMA - Ecstasy Information, Use, Testing and Treatment [PAR] [PAR] Methylenedioxymethamphetamine [PAR] MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine), most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy (often abbreviated E, X, or XTC), is a semisynthetic member of the amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs, a subclass of the phenethylamines. [PAR] MDMA's experiential effects are more consistent than those produced by most psychedelics, and its euphoria appears to be distinct from most stimulants. It is also considered unusual for its tendency to produce a sense of intimacy with others and diminished feelings of fear and anxiety. These effects have led some to suggest it might have therapeutic benefits to some individuals. Before it was made a controlled substance, MDMA was used to aid psychotherapy, often couples therapy, the results of which are poorly documented. Studies have also recently been initiated to examine the therapeutic potential of MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety associated with cancer. [PAR] MDMA is criminalized in all countries in the world under a UN agreement, and its possession, manufacture, or sale may result in criminal prosecution. Use of MDMA is limited to licensed scientific and medical research. MDMA is one of the most widely used illicit drugs in the world and is taken in a variety of contexts far removed from its roots in psychotherapeutic settings. It is commonly associated with the rave culture and its related genres of music. [PAR] There have been debates within science, health care, and drug policy circles about the risks of MDMA, specifically the possibility of neurotoxic damage to the central nervous system. Regulatory authorities in several locations around the world have approved studies administering MDMA to humans to examine either its therapeutic potential or, more commonly, its basic effects. [PAR] Buy Ecstasy Drug Test [PAR] History [PAR] At the end of the 19th century, the Merck company of Germany was interested in developing substances that stopped abnormal bleeding. One of the most important compounds was hydrastinine. The plant from which it was isolated became rarer, and they started looking for alternatives. The scientific reports from the laboratory from 1911 and 1912 show that they wanted to use 3-methyl-hydrastinine as an alternative. They believed that this methylated analog of hydrastinine might be similarly effective. Drs. Walther Beck, Otto Wolfes and Anton K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdllisch started on the project. In the newly developed synthetic pathway to 3-methyl-hydrastinine, MDMA was mentioned as one of several key precursors under the name of methylsafrylamin. In 1912 Dr. Anton K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdllisch was requested to develop a patentable synthesis for 3-methyl-hydrastinine. The patent started on December 24, 1912. It is a procedural patent for compounds which are key precursors for therapeutics. MDMA was not the purpose of the patent. It was Dr. Max Oberlin (also at Merck) who in 1927 was the first person interested in the pharmacological properties of MDMA. Research on the substance was stopped for economic reasons, and the substance was buried in oblivion for some decades. In the 1950s the American and German armies were interested in psychotropic agents; MDMA was among the tested substances. Most probably for this reason, MDMA was re-synthesized at Merck. In his laboratory journal of 1952 Dr. Albert van Schoor described how MDMA killed 6 flies in 30 minutes. In 1959 Dr. Fruhstorfer works on MDMA and similar psychotropics, his substance H671 was identified to be MDMA. The research on these substances led to the marketing of Reaktivin in 1960. Its chemical structure is not related to MDMA. The first scientific paper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Make a DIY Scrabble Board - Board Games How to Make a DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] How to Make a DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] Make a DIY Scrabble board so that you can enjoy this fun word game with friends. Watch this About.com video to learn how to make a DIY Scrabble board. Show transcript Hide transcript [PAR] Transcript: How to Make a DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] Hi, I'm Jacob Taxis for About.com. In this video you will learn how to make your own Scrabble board. [PAR] Supplies to Make a DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] To begin, you'll need: [PAR] Large sheet of cardboard or foamboard [PAR] Long ruler [PAR] Alphabet ink stamps or alphabet stickers [PAR] Star sticker [PAR] Thin cardboard or illustration board [PAR] Notepad [PAR] Make a Grid for a DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] First, using the ruler and a permanent marker, draw a square grid on your piece of foamboard. The square grid should have 15 rows and 15 columns. Next, color in the squares that will indicate Triple Word Score, Double Word Score, Triple Letter Score, and Double Letter Score. You can use any colors to paint the squares; however, because you\u2019ll have to write over them, try to avoid very dark colors. We\u2019ll be using a variety of greens and blues. To make the process easier, at the top of the board, lightly letter the columns A-O. On the left side of the board, number the rows 1-15. [PAR] Paint the DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] With the craft paint, paint the following squares green: A-1, A-8, A-15, H-1, H-15, O-1, O-8, O-15. Paint the following squares teal: B-2, C-3, D-4, E-5, K-5, L-4, M-3, N-2, B-14, C-13, D-12, E-11, K-11, L-12, M-13, N-14, H-8. Paint the following squares blue: F-2, J-2, B-6, F-6, J-6, N-6, B-10, F-10, J-10, N-10, F-14, J-14. Finally, paint the following squares light blue: D-1, L-1, G-3, I-3, A-4, H-4, O-4, C-7, G-7, I-7, M-7, D-8, L-8, C-9, G-9, I-9, M-9, A-12, H-12, O-12, G-13, I-13, D-15, L-15. [PAR] Mark the Tiles for a DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] When the paint dries, draw a star or place a star sticker in the green square at H-8 and erase the letters and numbers. Next, using a fine tip marker, write \"Triple Word Score\" in the light green squares, \"Double Word Score\" in the remaining teal squares, \"Triple Letter Score\" in the blue squares, and \"Double Letter Score\" in the light blue squares. When the board is complete, draw a square grid on the thin cardboard you're using for the letter tiles. The grid should have 10 rows and 10 columns. Be sure to make each letter tile the same size as the squares on the playing board. [PAR] Mark Points on a DIY Scrabble Board [PAR] Next, stamp or stick the letters for the game on the tiles you've made. If you don\u2019t have an ink stamper or any alphabet stickers, simply write the letters in the tiles with a marker. At the bottom right-hand corner of each tile, write the number of points awarded for that particular letter. Then cut the tiles out. The following is a list of the proper number of tiles for each letter in the game and the number of points awarded for each letter: [PAR] A: 9 tiles, 1 point [PAR] B: 2 tiles, 3 points [PAR] C: 2 tiles, 3 points [PAR] D: 4 tiles, 2 points [PAR] E: 12 tiles, 1 point [PAR] F: 2 tiles, 4 points [PAR] G: 3 tiles, 2 points [PAR] H: 2 tiles, 4"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bruce Springsteen: Pink Cadillac - YouTube Bruce Springsteen: Pink Cadillac - YouTube [PAR] Bruce Springsteen: Pink Cadillac [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Nov 18, 2009 [PAR] Bruce Springsteen singing, \"Pink Cadillac,\" from 1984. [PAR] Category [PAR] One True Media video creation and editing [PAR] Music"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wandering Dubrovnik's City Walls by Rick Steves Wandering Dubrovnik's City Walls by Rick Steves [PAR] Wandering Dubrovnik\u2019s City Walls [PAR] By Rick Steves [PAR] Dubrovnik's central promenade is the place to see and be seen. (photo: Cameron Hewitt) [PAR] Within its thick medieval walls, Dubrovnik holds a jumble of cobbled back lanes and sleepy charm. (photo: Cameron Hewitt) [PAR] Sunbathed seating isn't hard to find among the Old Town\u2019s restaurants and bars. (photo: Cameron Hewitt) [PAR] Croatia, with thousands of miles of coastline on the Adriatic Sea, is Eastern Europe's Riviera. Holiday-makers love its pebbly beaches, predictably balmy summer weather, and dramatic mountains. Croatia's top tourist town, Dubrovnik, is deservedly known as the \"Pearl of the Adriatic,\" jutting confidently into the sea on the southern tip. [PAR] While Dubrovnik's museums are nothing special, this town is one of those places that you never want to leave. The real attraction here is the Old Town and its relaxing, breezy setting. It's a multigenerational celebration of life, where everybody's out enjoying an easygoing stroll or taking a dip in the sea. [PAR] For travelers, Dubrovnik's single best sight is the still-stout medieval wall that surrounds this city of about 40,000, offering an unforgettably scenic mile-long stroll above town. While constructed over many centuries, today's impressive fortifications date from the 1400s, when they were beefed up to defend against the Ottoman Turks. [PAR] Jockeying my way between cruise-excursion groups that have descended upon the town (these days about 800,000 cruisers stopped here each year), I climb the steep steps to the top of the mighty wall. As I begin a slow, circular, hour-and-a-half walk around the fortified perimeter of one of Europe's best-preserved medieval towns, I'm bombarded with ever-changing views. On one side is a sea of red rooftops; on the other side, the actual sea. [PAR] As I approach the Pile Gate wall entrance, I pause to enjoy a full frontal view of the Stradun, the 300-yard-long promenade that runs through the heart of Dubrovnik's Old Town. In the Middle Ages, merchants lined this drag; before that, it was a canal. Today this is the main artery of the city: an Old World shopping mall by day and sprawling cocktail party after dark. [PAR] Farther along, I look down and see a peaceful stone terrace perched above the sea, clinging like a barnacle to the outside of the city walls. Generously shaded by white umbrellas, this is my favorite Dubrovnik escape, a rustic outdoor tavern called Buza . The name means \"hole in the wall\" \u2014 and that's exactly what you'll have to climb through to get there. Filled with mellow tourists and bartenders pouring wine from tiny screw-top bottles into plastic cups, Buza comes with castaway views and Frank Sinatra ambience. [PAR] Looking inland from my ramparts perch, my eyes fall on a random arrangement of bright- and dark-toned red roof tiles. In this complex and once troubled corner of Europe, even a tranquil stroll around the walls comes with a poignant history lesson. After Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, the Yugoslav National Army laid siege to this town and lobbed mortars over the hill. Today, the new, brighter-colored tiles mark houses that were hit and have been rebuilt. At a glance, it's clear that more than two-thirds of the Old Town's buildings suffered bomb damage. [PAR] Surveying the rooftops, my thoughts turn to Pero, my B&B host, who spent years after the war turning the bombed-out remains of his Old Town home into a fine guesthouse. Upon my arrival last night, Pero uncorked a bottle of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - LED at 50: An illuminating history by the light ... BBC News - LED at 50: An illuminating history by the light's inventor [PAR] Print [PAR] LED at 50: An illuminating history by the light's inventor [PAR] The light-emitting diode has brightened our lives for half a century - from lighting up the city streets at night, to decorating Christmas trees each December. [PAR] The LED started life in October 1962, as a single red illumination in a General Electric research lab in New York state. [PAR] Now - as one of the world's biggest retailers, Ikea, announces that by 2016 the only lighting products it will sell will be LED-based ones - Prof Nick Holonyak Jr from the University of Illinois, takes a look back at how it all began with his invention of the first practical visible-spectrum light-emitting diode. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] To see the enhanced content on this page, you need to have JavaScript enabled and Adobe Flash installed. [PAR] Images courtesy Science Photo Library, Getty Images, PA, University of Illinois and Nick Holonyak. Click bottom right for captions. [PAR] Music by Claudine Clark, Evermore and KPM Music. Slideshow by Paul Kerley. [PAR] Related: [PAR] The BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites. [PAR] More audio slideshows:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Largest Lake in the World - Largest in the United States ... Largest Lake in the World - Largest in the United States [PAR] Largest Lake in the World [PAR] & Largest Lake in the United States [PAR] Caspian Sea map: Map of the Caspian Sea - World's largest landlocked water body (by surface area). Image by CIA. [PAR] Which Lake is the World's Largest? [PAR] There are a few different ways to define the world's largest lake. Are you interested in the lake with the largest surface area? Or, the lake with the greatest water volume? And, do you want to consider saltwater seas in your comparison? [PAR] \"Which lake is the world's largest?\" is not a simple question to answer. So, we will explore the question from a few different perspectives. [PAR] World's Largest Lake (by volume): [PAR] Lake Baikal is the world's largest freshwater lake in terms of volume. It contains about 5,521 cubic miles of water (23,013 cubic kilometers), or approximately 20% of Earth's fresh surface water. This is a volume of water approximately equivalent to all five of the North American Great Lakes combined. [PAR] While Lake Baikal is extremely deep, its surface area is only about 12,248 square miles (31,722 square kilometers), putting it in seventh place worldwide in terms of surface area. [PAR] Lake Baikal map: Map of Lake Baikal - World's largest freshwater lake (by volume). Image by CIA. [PAR] World's Largest Lake (by surface area): [PAR] The salty Caspian Sea has the greatest surface area of any lake at 143,200 square miles (370,886 square kilometers). [PAR] Lake Superior, on the United States/Canada border, is the named freshwater lake with the greatest surface area at 31,700 square miles (82,103 square kilometers). [PAR] However, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron can technically be considered a single lake because they both have the same surface elevation and they are connected by the Mackinac Strait (which is not a river because the water does not have a consistent flow direction). So, Lake Michigan-Huron could be considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It has a total surface area of 45,410 square miles (117,611 square kilometers), which is significantly larger than Lake Superior. The total water volume in Lake Michigan-Huron, at 2,026 cubic miles (8,443 cubic kilometers), is much smaller than the volume of Lake Baikal. [PAR] Great Lakes map: Map of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan-Huron - World's largest freshwater lakes (by surface area). Image by CIA. [PAR] Largest Lake in the United States (by volume): [PAR] The largest lake in the United States on the basis of water volume is Lake Superior with a volume of 2,904 cubic miles (12,104 cubic kilometers). [PAR] Largest Lake in the United States (by surface area): [PAR] Lake Superior is the single named lake with the largest surface area in the United States at 31,700 square miles (82,103 square kilometers). [PAR] However, as mentioned above, if you consider Lake Michigan and Lake Huron as a single lake, then Lake Michigan-Huron has the largest surface area at 45,410 square miles (117,611 square kilometers)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many rows of whiskers do cats have? - experts123.com How many rows of whiskers do cats have? [PAR] How many rows of whiskers do cats have? [PAR] 1 Answer [PAR] 0 [PAR] \u2022 Well, lets see. I examined my three cats this morning and counted carefully (which is something that i suppose you could have done with your own cat just easily as i did with mine). I found four clearly defined rows of whiskers on each side of their faces. I also noticed a few smaller and very fine whiskers emerging somewhat randomly below the bottom row. So i guess i'll say the answer to this question is four and a half. Keep in mind though that all my cats are basic domestic short-hair mixed breed (mutts) and may not be representative of all the different breeds in existance. Find a friendly neighborhood cat and check for yourself. How long are a cat's whiskers? \u2022 As noted in the answer about the purpose of whiskers, the whiskers tend to be just long enough to reach out as far as the cat's body is wide. Larger and fatter cats will usually have longer whiskers than smaller skinnier cats. \u2022 This isn't always true though. Old whiskers will fall out to make room for new replacements. ... more [PAR] chienworks.com"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Worlds 150 most Famous Fakers - Art Forgers, Forgeries ... Worlds 150 most Famous Fakers - Art Forgers, Forgeries, Fake Paintings, Greatest Fakes - Greatest Fakers in the World | Counterfeit art fraud | Freemanart authentication experts [PAR] 1446-49 [PAR] Jacopo di Poggibonsi: (1418-1449) Italian [PAR] There are many contemporary critics at the University of Michigan who label Jacopo di Poggibonsi as a \"master forger\". This criticism stems from his purported imitation of the works of Fra Filippo Lippi which Cosimo de' Medici in about 1447 realised he had copied elements of, from an Adoration hanging in the Medici Palace. However, many artists of the time engaged in imitations of the earlier styles and after all, in translation from the French renaissance does mean, \"rebirth.\" Clearly, many Renaissance artists not only imitated earlier forms of art, but also each other's recent works. It was standard practise. [PAR] History according to U of M has it however that Lippi was outraged and is believed to have hired paid muscle to track down di Poggibonsis' studio where more alleged copies were found. [PAR] A few days later, thirty-one year old Jacopo, is found murdered in his bed. [PAR] All in all a good story but sadly untrue. [PAR] Art History Students are advised to check this out very carefully. All may not be as it seems! [PAR] [PAR] Botticelli Copy [PAR] Piero del Pollaiuolo: (1443-1496) Italian [PAR] Made pastiches (copies) of works by artists such as Sandro Botticelli as illustrated here on the right. [PAR] His, Profile of a woman is a straight copy of Portrait of a Woman (La Bella Simonetta) and this reproduction is now housed in the Museo Poldi-Pezzoli in Milan. [PAR] [PAR] Michaelangelo Self Portrait [PAR] Michelangelo di Ludovico di Lionardo di Buonarroti Simoni: (1475-1564) Italian [PAR] It's widely believed that the worlds greatest sculptor Michaelangelo as a student, forged an \"antique\" marble cupid for his patron, Lorenzo de' Medici. [PAR] It is certainly recorded that he also produced many replicas of the drawings of Italian painter Domenico Ghirlandajo (1449\u20131494) which were so good that on seeing them Ghirlandajo thought they were from his own hand. [PAR] \u201cHe also copied drawings of the old masters so perfectly that his copies could not be distinguished from the originals, since he smoked and tinted the paper to give it an appearance of age. He was often able to keep the originals and return the copies in their stead.\u201d Vasari on Michaelangelo [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Colantonio [PAR] Neapolitan painter also known as Colantuono was appreciated as an imitator of the Flemish masters such as van Eyck and for making fake drawings by D\u00fcrer. [PAR] [PAR] Marcantonio Raimondi: Italian (1480c. - 1534) [PAR] Interested in German engraving, he affected copper numerous woodcuts of Albrecht D\u00fcrer. [PAR] According to Vasari he made \u200b\u200b17 copies of D\u00fcrer selling them as originals. [PAR] [PAR] Tommaso della Porta (the Elder): Italian (1568 [PAR] Manufactured fake heads of Greeks and Romans passing them off as authentic. [PAR] Vasari wrote of him: \" He worked marble excellently, and particularly has counterfeited antique heads of marble that were sold to the ancient, and the masks has done so well that no one has compared and I have one of his hand, marble, placed in the chimney of my house at Arezzo, that every one believes the old ... \"(VII, p. 550). [PAR] His only original works are the statues of Faith and Religion for the tomb of Paul IV in S. Maria sopra Minerva (now in the corridor of the sacristy) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Giovanni Cavino and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver! (1968) - IMDb Oliver! (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 04 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 06 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 21 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Oliver! \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 7 wins & 25 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A misogynistic and snobbish phonetics professor agrees to a wager that he can take a flower girl and make her presentable in high society. [PAR] Director: George Cukor [PAR] A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. [PAR] Director: Robert Wise [PAR] A down-on-his-luck inventor turns a broken-down Grand Prix car into a fancy vehicle for his children, and then they go off on a magical fantasy adventure to save their grandfather in a far-off land. [PAR] Director: Ken Hughes [PAR] A Victorian Englishman bets that with the new steamships and railways he can circumnavigate the globe in eighty days. [PAR] Directors: Michael Anderson, John Farrow [PAR] Stars: David Niven, Cantinflas, Finlay Currie [PAR] A magical nanny helps bring the two children she's in charge of closer to their father through songs and magical adventures. [PAR] Director: Robert Stevenson [PAR] Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. [PAR] Director: Mel Stuart [PAR] At the turn of the century in a Welsh mining village, the Morgans, he stern, she gentle, raise coal-mining sons and hope their youngest will find a better life. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] The dramatic lives of trapeze artists, a clown, and an elephant trainer are told against a background of circus spectacle. [PAR] Director: Cecil B. DeMille [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Musical adaptation of Charles Dickens 's classic tale of an orphan who runs away from the orphanage and hooks up with a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> [PAR] Winner 6 Academy Awards! [post-Oscar] See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 27 September 1968 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] 153 min [PAR] Sound Mix: [PAR] Mono (35 mm optical prints)| 70 mm 6-Track (Westrex Recording System) (70 mm prints)| 4-Track Stereo (Westrex Recording System) (35 mm magnetic prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The London"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Statue of Eros - Sightseeing - visitlondon.com The Statue of Eros - Sightseeing - visitlondon.com [PAR] The Statue of Eros [PAR] This statue of a winged archer poised with his bow is known as The Statue of Eros. Eros was the God of Love. The statue might really be the Angel of Christian Charity, or Anteros, the brother of Eros\u2026Read More [PAR] About [PAR] This statue of a winged archer poised with his bow is known as The Statue of Eros. Eros was the God of Love. The statue might really be the Angel of Christian Charity, or Anteros, the brother of Eros, but Londoners call him Eros. [PAR] Venue Details & Map[DOC] [TLE] Proposal to cover London's Eros statue in giant inflatable ... Proposal to cover London's Eros statue in giant inflatable globe to protect it from vandals | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] It has been an iconic feature of the London landscape for more than a century - but now the famous 'Eros' statue in Piccadilly Circus could be temporarily turned into a giant 'snow globe' to protect it from vandals. [PAR] A planning application has been submitted to encase the 36ft-high monument in Piccadilly Circus in a see-through inflatable globe after recent years saw a rise in the number of acts of vandalism - especially over the Christmas period. [PAR] The proposal is for the Grade I listed statue to be covered in a PVC globe, tough enough to withstand the elements and fitted with smart technology to reinflate it should sharp or fast-moving missiles cause punctures. [PAR] Artist's impression: A planning application has been submitted to encase the Eros statue in Piccadilly Circus in a see-through inflatable globe [PAR] The Eros statue has been vandalised a number of times since it was installed in 1893 - here an identified man is seen climbing up it in 2002 [PAR] Erected in 1892 to commemorate the philanthropic works of Lord Shaftesbury, the statue has been targeted by vandals a number of times over the years. The council says it is particularly at risk of drunken attack by revellers during the festive season. [PAR] The application is for the statue to be covered for a temporary period between December and January until 2017. [PAR] Westminster Council previously protected the monument by surrounding it with advertising boards. But it hopes the new idea will provide a neater solution for protecting the statue and the fountain beneath it. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Cllr Robert Davis, deputy leader of Westminster City Council, said: 'We believe this is a exciting project which will add a real sense of entertainment and wonder around an iconic landmark at Christmas. Eros will be able to add its own festive touch to the West End.' [PAR] Philip Allard, director of planning at Wildstone, the outdoor advertising firm that drew up the plans for December 2013, said he hoped the snow globe would become a popular annual event, adding: 'Eros needs to be protected for up to eight weeks over Christmas.' [PAR] The statue is on one leg, his wings outstretched and having already fired an arrow from the bow he carries in his left hand. While the fountain beneath is cast in bronze, the statue is made from aluminium - at the time a rare and novel material. [PAR] Commonly referred to as Eros, the Greek god of love, the statue is actually of Anteros, Eros's brother - and has always been named Anteros by the sculptor Alfred Gilbert. [PAR] When the fountain was opened it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anatomy - definition of anatomy by The Free Dictionary Anatomy - definition of anatomy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Anatomy - definition of anatomy by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/anatomy [PAR] (\u0259-n\u0103t\u2032\u0259-m\u0113) [PAR] n. pl. a\u00b7nat\u00b7o\u00b7mies [PAR] 1. The bodily structure of a plant or an animal or of any of its parts. [PAR] 2. The science of the shape and structure of organisms and their parts. [PAR] 3. A treatise on anatomic science. [PAR] 4. Dissection of a plant or animal to study the structure, position, and interrelation of its various parts. [PAR] 5. A skeleton. [PAR] 6. The human body. [PAR] 7. A detailed examination or analysis: the anatomy of a crime. [PAR] [Middle English anatomie, from Late Latin anatomia, from Greek anatom\u0113, dissection : ana-, ana- + tom\u0113, a cutting (from temnein, to cut; see tem- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots).] [PAR] anatomy [PAR] 1. (Anatomy) the science concerned with the physical structure of animals and plants [PAR] 2. (Anatomy) the physical structure of an animal or plant or any of its parts [PAR] 3. (Anatomy) a book or treatise on this subject [PAR] 4. (Anatomy) dissection of an animal or plant [PAR] 5. any detailed analysis: the anatomy of a crime. [PAR] 6. informal the human body [PAR] [C14: from Latin anatomia, from Greek anatom\u0113, from anatemnein to cut up, from ana- + temnein to cut] [PAR] a\u2022nat\u2022o\u2022my [PAR] 1. the science dealing with the structure of animals and plants. [PAR] 2. the structure of an animal or plant, or of any of its parts. [PAR] 3. dissection of all or part of an animal or plant in order to study its structure. [PAR] 4. Informal. the human body. [PAR] 5. an analysis or minute examination. [PAR] [1350\u20131400; Middle English < Latin anatomia < Greek anatom(\u1e17) a cutting up (see ana -, -tome ) + Latin -ia -y 3] [PAR] a\u00b7nat\u00b7o\u00b7my [PAR] 1. The structure of an animal or a plant or any of its parts. [PAR] 2. The scientific study of the shape and structure of living things. [PAR] anatomical (\u0103n\u2032\u0259-t\u014fm\u2032\u012d-k\u0259l) adjective [PAR] Anatomy [PAR] 1. the branch of anatomy that studies muscles and musculature. [PAR] 2. the muscular makeup of an animal or anatomical unit. \u2014 myologic, adj. [PAR] 1. an account of the structure and function of the lungs. [PAR] 2. the recording of the activity of the lungs during respiration. \u2014 pneumograph, n. \u2014 pneumographic, pneumographical, adj. [PAR] 1. a person who dissects cadavers for the purpose of anatomical demonstration. [PAR] 2. a person who performs autopsies. \u2014 prosectorial, adj. [PAR] 1. the anatomy of the ligaments of the body. [PAR] 2. the science or study of ligaments. [PAR] 1. the dissection of animals other than man. [PAR] 2. the anatomy of animals. \u2014 zootomist, n. \u2014 zootomic, zootomical, adj. [PAR] anatomy [PAR] Study of the structure of organisms. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] apparatus - (anatomy) a group of body parts that work together to perform a given function; \"the breathing apparatus\" [PAR] vallecula , groove - (anatomy) any furrow or channel on a bodily structure or part [PAR] partition - (anatomy) a structure that separates areas in an organism [PAR] septum - (anatomy) a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities [PAR] fissure - (anatomy) a long narrow slit or groove that divides an organ into lobes [PAR] sulcus - (anatomy) any of the narrow grooves in an organ or tissue especially those that mark the convolutions on the surface of the brain [PAR] hilum , hilus - (anatomy) a depression or fissure where vessels or nerves or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Alamo (1960) - IMDb The Alamo (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A small band of soldiers sacrifice their lives in hopeless combat against a massive army in order to prevent a tyrant from smashing the new Republic of Texas. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 04 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 27 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Alamo \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 6 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Texas Ranger Jake Cutter arrests gambler Paul Regret, but soon finds himself teamed with his prisoner in an undercover effort to defeat a band of renegade arms merchants and thieves known as Comancheros. [PAR] Directors: Michael Curtiz, John Wayne [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, Stuart Whitman, Ina Balin [PAR] A Union Cavalry outfit is sent behind Confederate lines in strength to destroy a rail/supply center. Along with them is sent a doctor who causes instant antipathy between him and the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A dramatization of the World War II Battle of Iwo Jima. [PAR] Director: Allan Dwan [PAR] During the Alaska gold rush, prospector George sends partner Sam to Seattle to bring his fianc\u00e9e but when it turns out that she married another man, Sam returns with a pretty substitute, the hostess of the Henhouse dance hall. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.6/10 X [PAR] Col. Mike Kirby picks two teams of crack Green Berets for a mission in South Vietnam. First off is to build and control a camp that is trying to be taken by the enemy the second mission is to kidnap a North Vietnamese General. [PAR] Directors: Ray Kellogg, John Wayne, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, David Janssen, Jim Hutton [PAR] Ranch owner Katie Elder's four sons determine to avenge the murder of their father and the swindling of their mother. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] After the Civil War, Cord McNally searches for the traitor whose perfidy caused the defeat of McNally's unit and the loss of a close friend. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] Based on the 1836 standoff between a group of Texan and Tejano men, led by Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, and Mexican dictator Santa Anna's forces at the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas. [PAR] Director: John Lee Hancock [PAR] Cattle baron John Chisum joins forces with Billy the Kid and Pat Garrett to fight the Lincoln County land war. [PAR] Director: Andrew V. McLaglen [PAR] Wealthy rancher G.W. McLintock uses his power and influence in the territory to keep the peace between farmers, ranchers, land-grabbers, Indians and corrupt government officials. [PAR] Director: Andrew V. McLaglen [PAR] J.D. Cahill is the toughest U.S. Marshal they've got, just the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The University of Oklahoma - OU HOME The University of Oklahoma [PAR] Explore Campus [PAR] Slice of Life [PAR] Our students come from all walks of life, but once they\u2019re here, they\u2019re Sooners. Want to know what it\u2019s like to join the OU family? See for yourself. [PAR] Learn More About OU [PAR] Your Sooner Story [PAR] We\u2019ve got the academic programs you want, the scholarships you need and the campus life you crave. Check out OU now and kick off your Sooner experience.[DOC] [TLE] Learning English | BBC World Service Learning English | BBC World Service [PAR] punctuation and pausing [PAR] Yong from Malaysia writes: [PAR] When do I put a comma before but and when do I not have to put a comma before but? What about a comma after but? [PAR] Songul Kosker and Kazim Cakmak from Turkey write: [PAR] Hi! Your web site is great. We're English teachers and we're in trouble with defining and non-defining relative clauses, especially as we can't distinguish when we should use a comma and when not. [PAR] Roger Woodham replies: [PAR] [PAR] but as co-ordinating conjunction [PAR] A comma (,) generally indicates pauses in speech. But, when it joins two clauses, it indicates a contrast between two ideas. In speech it is normal to draw attention to this contrast by a slight pause. A comma is the usual way of indicating this, although it is not obligatory: [PAR] Sheila can eat anything and large quantities of it, but she never puts on weight. [PAR] I'm going to make some New Year resolutions, but I don't suppose I'll keep them [PAR] A comma after but would be very unusual, Yong. Although we might pause after but if we are making up our minds about the consequences of something, this would not normally be indicated in writing, unless we want to indicate hesitation with a discourse marker such as er, reflecting informal speech: [PAR] You can play in the fields down by the river, but not in the woods. [PAR] You can play in the fields down by the river, but, er, not in the woods. [PAR] and as co-ordinating conjunction [PAR] Note that and when it is used as a coordinating conjunction indicates addition. In speech the addition of ideas is not normally marked by a pause, so no comma is needed, unless the items being connected are very long. Compare the following: [PAR] The general announced that there would be a ceasefire and ordered all his troops to lay down their weapons. [PAR] Jennifer decided to try the home-made steak-and-onion pie with mashed potato and buttered carrots, and David ordered the breaded fish with chips and peas. [PAR] [PAR] defining relative clauses [PAR] Defining relative clauses identify the noun being referred to. They tell us which person or thing is meant. They follow immediately after the nouns that they modify with no pause in speech, so no comma is used in writing: [PAR] The boy (that) I dated when I was at school has now married my best friend. [PAR] The shares (that) he bought when he joined the company are now worthless. [PAR] Note that if we leave the identifying relative clauses out, the sentences do not have very much meaning: [PAR] The boy has now married my best friend. (Which boy?) [PAR] The shares are now worthless. (Which shares?) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] non-defining relative clauses [PAR] Non-defining relative clauses do not identity what is being talked about. They simply add information about the person or thing already identified. Non-defining relative clauses are normally marked by pauses"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Genesis 6:10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. Genesis 6:10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. [PAR] Matthew Henry Commentary [PAR] 6:8-11 Noah did not find favour in the eyes of men; they hated and persecuted him, because both by his life and preaching he condemned the world: but he found grace in the eyes of the Lord, and this made him more truly honourable than the men of renown. Let this be our chief desire, let us labour that we may be accepted of him. When the rest of the world was wicked, Noah kept his integrity. God's good-will towards Noah produced this good work in him. He was a just man, that is, justified before God, by faith in the promised Seed. As such he was made holy, and had right principles; and was righteous in his conversation. He was not only honest, but devout; it was his constant care to do the will of God. God looks down upon those with an eye of favour, who sincerely look up to him with an eye of faith. It is easy to be religious when religion is in fashion; but it shows strong faith and resolution, to swim against the stream, and to appear for God when no one else appears for him; Noah did so. All kinds of sin were found among men. They corrupted God's worship. Sin fills the earth with violence, and this fully justified God's resolution to destroy the world. The contagion spread. When wickedness is become general, ruin is not far off; while there is a remnant of praying people in a nation, to empty the measure as it fills, judgments may be long kept off; but when all hands are at work to pull down the fences, by sin, and none stand in the gap to make up the breach, what can be expected but a flood of wrath?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fictional Biography - Wold Newton Resource Wiki - Wikia Fictional Biography | Wold Newton Resource Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Wold Newton Resource Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] Fictional Biography is a genre wherein an author writes an account of a person's life where that person is actually a fictional character (or leastways, is generally thought to be). An example would be the satirical Augustus Carp, Esq., By Himself: Being the Autobiography of a Really Good Man, published anonymously in 1924 (later confirmed to have been written by Sir Henry Howarth Bashford). In Wold Newton circles, however, the general assumption is that the book will have been written about a pre-existing figure. [PAR] The genre is rather a wide one. At one end there will be books that are essentially critical studies of a character, or perhaps examples of \"The Game\", the scholarly-yet-creative research into the life and career of Sherlock Holmes. While such books are biographical, it would be difficult to actually describe them as fully-fledged biographies. At the other end of the scale can be found novels that have simply been presented in an unusual way, where the style of the biography largely gives way to narrative. Somewhere in the middle are straight biographies, where the authors have used the source texts as though they were historical documents, and in many of these cases the authors have taken the explicit position that they are writing about real people. [PAR] Wold Newton scholarship directly derives from two fictional biographies by Philip Jos\u00e9 Farmer, Tarzan Alive and Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life. There have, however, been many others, both before and after Farmer, at various points in the scale. The list below is based upon the information supplied on Win Scott Eckert 's The Wold Newton Universe website , which listing he expanded in his book Crossovers. Further examples have been added directly to this article. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] \"Biographical Note\" by Paul Austin Delagardie, in Unnatural Death by Dorothy L. Sayers (1927) [PAR] A brief, and amusingly self-serving, biography of Lord Peter Wimsey , written by his uncle at the request of Dorothy L. Sayers . [PAR] Sleuths: 23 Great Detectives of Fiction & Their Best Stories ed. Kenneth MacGowan (1931) [PAR] Sleuths was a collection of short stories about fictional detectives by various hands, but with the gimmick that each piece came with a Who's Who-style mini-biography of each detective. [PAR] The Gay Adventurer aka The Life and Exploits of the Scarlet Pimpernel by John Blakeney (1935) [PAR] Published while the Baroness Orczy was still writing stories about Sir Percy Blakeney and his descendents, and not always consistent with them. It is generally assumed that \u201cJohn Blakeney\u201d was actually her son John Orczy Barstow. The book is available online here . [PAR] \"A Probable Outline of Conan's Career\" by P. Schuyler Miller and John D. Clark (1938), variously revised under other titles by L. Sprague de Camp (1952 onwards) [PAR] The original article is online here . [PAR] Yankee Lawyer: The Autobiography of Ephraim Tutt by Ephraim Tutt (i.e. Arthur Train) (1943) [PAR] A popular entry Train's long-running series of stories, in which he passes the baton to Tutt himself in order to tell the story of his life (and, in doing so, point out where Train has misrepresented him in print in the past). Readers were left somewhat confused as to whether Tutt was a fictional character, or whether he had been real all along.... [PAR] Four-&-Twenty Bloodhounds by Anthony Boucher (1950) [PAR] Verne Chute's Shadrack Arnold [PAR] George Harmon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Round And About BY Tim Worthington - The Magic Round And About BY Tim Worthington [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] When French animator Serge Danot began work on a small scale animated series called \"La Manege Enchante\" back in 1963, he can hardly have realised that he was creating something that would become an integral part of popular culture in another nation altogether. The series that he produced is famous and well-known enough in France, but it was to be in Britain that \"The Magic Roundabout\", as it was retitled through the miracle of translation, really found its way into the affections of the public. So much, in fact, that in time it would become possibly the only product of French popular culture to have a major geographical feature in this country named after it (unless, of course, there's a Johnny Hallyday Avenue out there somewhere). [PAR] The story of what would eventually become \"The Magic Roundabout \" began when Serge Danot was commissioned by the French television channel RTF to create a short animated series for children. Danot and his film crew (which included a young British animator named Ivor Wood, who would later return to Britain and go on to create the similarly successful \"Postman Pat\") spent most of 1963 working on the first set of episodes in the appropriately bohemian setting of a derelict Parisian house, where the huge studio lights that they used kept blowing the fuses. Danot's basic concept for the series was that it would be set in a Magic Garden owned by roundabout operator Pere Pivoine and a strange creature on a spring known as Zebulan, which attracted such visitors as a girl called Margotte and a rabbit named Flappy. [PAR] Ivor Wood suggested that Danot's characters should be joined by Pollux the dog, mainly because he had created a dog puppet with no legs (instead, it moved around on wheels that were obscured from view by long hair) that would allow them to save time and money on animating it. The bright and sharply contrasting colours (which were obvious to viewers even though the early episodes were shot and transmitted in monochrome) and charming stories ensured that \"La Manege Enchante\" was to become a huge success with French audiences, and the beautiful semi-psychedelic theme song, with its mesmerising organ work and vocals shared between a child and a Charles Aznavour soundalike, embellished the engaging otherworldly nature of the series. However, the \"La Manege Enchante\" was not to meet with its largest acclaim until it was spotted by chance by an overseas broadcaster. [PAR] Doreen Stephens, Head of Family Programmes at the BBC, saw a selection of episodes of \"La Manege Enchante\" in 1965 and decided to buy it for transmission in an early evening weekday pre-news slot. However, the series as it was transmitted over here was different to the French original in several significant respects. The theme song was sped up drastically and turned into a manic organ instrumental by a gentleman named Alain Legrand, but the most important work in reshaping the series was undertaken by the actor selected to provide the narration, Eric Thompson. Also a presenter on BBC2's pre-school programme \"Play School\" at that time, Thompson had notoriously strong ideas on what he thought constituted suitable entertainment for children, and was tireless in his quest to treat his audience with as much intelligence as he possibly could. He loathed the original French stories, which it is claimed he regarded as simplistic and dull, and refused to work with a straightforward translation. Instead, he watched the episodes with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paddington Bear Statue - Paddington Paddington Bear Statue - Paddington [PAR] Paddington Bear Statue [PAR] View on map [PAR] Paddington Station is a very important place for Paddington Bear . It is where he was first found by Mr. and Mrs. Brown when he arrived in London from Peru and of course it is also the reason he got his delightful name. [PAR] To commemorate this there is a life-sized bronze statue of Paddington in the station. Designed by the sculpture Marcus Cornish, the statue was unveiled by the Paddington Bear series author Michael Bond on 24 February 2000. [PAR] Published:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chapter XXIII. The Mount Of Mars - ChestofBooks.com Chapter XXIII. The Mount Of Mars [PAR] Chapter XXIII. The Mount Of Mars [PAR] Description [PAR] This section is from the book \" The Laws Of Scientific Hand Reading \", by William G. Benham. Also available from Amazon: The Laws of Scientific Hand Reading . [PAR] Chapter XXIII. The Mount Of Mars [PAR] THE fifth Mount type is the Martian, and the portions of the hand which identify him are the two Mounts of Mars, the Upper Mount located on the percussion and above the Line of Head , and the Lower Mount under the Line of Life and above the Mount of Venus . There is also the Plain of Mars, located in the centre of the palm, which bears some relation to the Martian type. For the exact boundaries of these Martian developments consult the map of the Mounts, where they are clearly shown, and note carefully that on the map the lower boundary of Lower Mars is the word \"aggression,\" and all under that word belongs to the Mount of Venus. [PAR] As single signs or in combination the star, triangle, circle, single vertical line, trident and square, strengthen the Upper Mount of Mars. The cross-bar, cross, island, dot or grille, show defects of the Mount, either of health or character. Nails , color, etc. will determine which. [PAR] All cross lines, stars, crosses or grilles in the Plain of Mars, increase the inflammability and temper of the subject. [PAR] Signs on the Lower Mount of Mars must be read on the Influence lines inside of the Life line (113). In the earlier history of Palmistry the Plain of Mars was considered to be the principal part of the Martian development. The Upper Mount was afterwards located and found to be a strong factor, and in later years the Mount of Venus was subdivided so as to give the upper portion to what is now called the Lower Mount of Mars because it is below the Line of Life. Any attempt to use only one of these Martian developments to the exclusion of the other, will lead to error, and it is only by the combined use of the two Mounts and the Plain of Mars that you will be able properly to estimate the Martian, a type constantly encountered in very pure development, and which you will find in combination with most of the other types. In gaining the material for this chapter I have taken the most pronounced Martians, and alongside of them, subjects who have been entirely deficient in Martian development, and from these pronounced cases, several thousand in number, I have tabulated what I believe to be an accurate and trustworthy system of handling the type. [PAR] This statement is made here because there has been of late such a diversity of opinion on the subject even among the very best students, that I feel sure all will welcome an elucidation of the Martian question based upon an experience covering many thousand verifications from among the best known Martians in the World. This type embodies the elements of aggression and resistance, and the Martian is consequently a fighter. Do not by any means infer that the Martian always fights with the sword and pistol, or engages in fistic combats, for he is more often found fighting his way against adverse elements and circumstances in the mental or business world. It must not be understood that all Martians will be soldiers (though all true Martians would quickly enlist to fight for a beloved country),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Activity: The Olympic Athletics Track - mathsisfun.com Activity: The Olympic Athletics Track [PAR] Activity: The Olympic Athletics Track [PAR] [PAR] Have you ever watched some of the races in the Olympic Games and wondered why the athletes don't all start from the same part of the track? [PAR] It is called a \"staggered start\". [PAR] Why a Staggered Start? [PAR] If they all started from the same line, then the athletes in the outer lanes would have to run further than the athletes in the inner lanes, because of the semicircles at the top and bottom of the track. [PAR] So each lane has to have a special starting position so they all have to run the same distance. [PAR] Let's learn how to calculate the correct positions for the 400 m running race [PAR] How Far? [PAR] How far does each athlete run when he/she completes one lap of the track? [PAR] Let's look first at the route followed by the runner in Lane 1 (the inside lane). [PAR] The rules state that you measure 0.3 m from the inner edge of the lane (about where the runner runs) for Lane 1 if there is a curb. And 0.2 m for all other lanes: [PAR] From the IAAF Rulebook, Rule 160.2 [PAR] So this is what it looks like for Lane 1: [PAR] [PAR] On the curved sections Lane 1 has a radius of 36.5, but we need to add 0.3 m for the \"running position\", for a total of 36.8 m [PAR] And together the two curved parts make a circle of radius 36.8m. [PAR] See the page Circle to learn more about radius and circumference. [PAR] So, how far would you have to run? Answer: the Circumference of the circle (plus the straight parts) [PAR] The radius is 36.8 m [PAR] So the Circumference = 2 \u00d7 \u03c0 \u00d7 radius = 2 \u00d7 \u03c0 \u00d7 36.8 m = 231.22 m [PAR] Add the two straight section of 84.39 m: [PAR] 231.22 + 2 \u00d7 84.39 m = 231.22 + 168.78 = 400 m [PAR] Wow! The inside lane is exactly 400 m. [PAR] Well, that is how it is designed. [PAR] But What About Lane 2? [PAR] Each lane is 1220 wide, so the radius for Lane 2 is 36.5 + 1.22 = 37.72 m [PAR] And we need to add 0.2 m for the Lane 2 \"running position\" (remember: 0.3 m for Lane 1, 0.2 m for other lanes), for a total of 37.92 m [PAR] The radius is 37.92 m [PAR] So the Circumference = 2 \u00d7 \u03c0 \u00d7 37.92 m = 238.26 m (to nearest 0.01m) [PAR] Add the two straight section of 84.39 m: [PAR] 238.26 m + 2 \u00d7 84.39 m = 238.26 m + 168.78 m = 407.04 m [PAR] That is 7.04 m longer than Lane 1 ... [PAR] ... so Lane 2 should start 7.04 m after Lane 1 to be fair [PAR] Your Turn [PAR] Can you complete the following table? [PAR] Lane [PAR] 8 [PAR] [PAR] You should have found that the runner in Lane 8 starts about 53 meters in front of the runner in Lane 1! [PAR] Does that surprise you? [PAR] Is it fair? [PAR] It's fair because, with the staggered start, each athlete runs exactly 400 meters. [PAR] But some people say that the athletes in the inner lanes have an advantage because they can see the other athletes, and know what work they need to do to catch up. [PAR] On the other hand, others argue that the athletes in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How bungee cord is made - material, manufacture, history ... How bungee cord is made - material, manufacture, history, used, structure, steps, product, machine [PAR] Bungee Cord [PAR] Background [PAR] Bungee cord is made of one or more strands of an elastic material, usually rubber, bound together by a fabric covering. It is commonly used as a tie-down for luggage or equipment carried on the outside of a vehicle. Bungee cord is also used by the military to absorb the opening shock of the large cargo parachutes when dropping heavy loads such as tanks. The development of long, heavy-duty bungee cord for the military has led to the recreational sport of bungee jumping. In this sport, the participant jumps from an elevated structure while wearing a harness attached to one end of a long bungee cord with the other end attached to the structure. [PAR] The term \"bungee\" or \"bungie\" is thought to be British slang for india-rubber. Some references to the india-rubber originally used for erasing pencil marks on paper call it \"india-bungie.\" Another source claims the term was derived from the Anglo-Indian word \"bangy\" referring to the colloquial term for a yoke carried on the shoulder with two equal loads suspended by cords front and rear. In either case, the concepts of an elastic material and load-bearing cords both apply to the modern bungee cord. [PAR] The history of bungee jumping as a sport or test of courage is believed to date back 1500 years to Pentecost Island in what is now the Republic of Vanuatu in the South Pacific. According to local legend, a wife felt she was being mistreated by her husband and fled, taking refuge in a tall tree. As her husband was climbing the tree in pursuit, she secretly tied vines around her ankles. When he tried to grab her, she jumped. He jumped after her and fell to his death. The springy vines broke her fall and she lived. After that, the men of the island decided that no woman should ever trick them again, and they began to practice jumping with vines. In time, it became a test of courage, with the bravest men jumping from a height of 80 feet (24 m) to have their heads brush the ground before the vines completely stopped their fall. [PAR] Modern bungee jumping using elastic bungee cords started in the late 1970s. On April Fools' Day in 1979, the Oxford Dangerous Sports Club of Britain caught the public's attention when members bungeed off the 245-foot (75 m) Clifton Bridge in Bristol, England. Since that time, bungee jumping has become a commercialized sport with thousands of participants. [PAR] Raw Materials [PAR] The elastic material of a bungee cord is usually made of natural or synthetic rubber. Natural rubber, sometimes called latex rubber, has excellent extensibility (the ability to be extended), resilience (the ability to regain its original shape after being extended), and tensile strength (the ability to be extended under load without breaking). For these properties, it makes an excellent material for bungee cords. Natural rubber has the disadvantages of having only fair resistance to air and the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Synthetic rubbers, such as neoprene, have better resistance to air and sunlight, but less resilience and tensile strength than natural rubber. The military specification (mil-spec) for bungee cords allows either natural rubber or synthetic [PAR] rubber, or a mixture of both. Reclaimed rubber may not be used for milspec cords. Natural rubber is widely used for cords used in bungee jumping. [PAR] The fabric covering for the bungee cord may be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil - Formula 1 Brazil [PAR] Brazil [PAR] Next Previous [PAR] 1 / 5 [PAR] Aerial view of Interlagos. Formula One World Championship, Rd19, Brazilian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Saturday 23 November 2013. [PAR] Race winner, Felipe Massa (BRA) Ferrari 248 F1. Formula One World Championship, Rd 18, Brazilian Grand Prix, Race, Interlagos, Brazil, 22 October 2006. [PAR] Ayrton Senna (McLaren Ford) celebrates 1st position on the podium. Interlagos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 26-28 March 1993 \u00a9 LAT Photographic [PAR] Carlos Pace (BRA) Brabham, celebrating his first and only GP victory, flanked by Emerson Fittipaldi (BRA) McLaren, second and Jochen Mass (GER) McLaren, third. Brazilian Grand Prix, Rd 2, Interlagos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 26 January 1975. [PAR] Emerson Fittipaldi (BRA) Lotus 72D crosses the line to become winner of the first Brazilian GP; cheered on at trackside in traditional manner by Colin Chapman (GBR) Lotus Team Owner. Brazilian Grand Prix, Interlagos, 11 February 1973. [PAR] In 1938 a huge plot of land was bought in Sao Paulo by two local property developers who intended to build a large housing development. It soon became clear, however, that one part of the land was not suitable for housing and so they decided to build a racing circuit instead. Sao Paulo grew at an incredible speed though and soon the circuit was surrounded by houses. [PAR] When, in the 1970s, Emerson Fittipaldi began to have international success, the Brazilians started to want a Grand Prix. In 1971 and 1972 Interlagos hosted non-championship events but in 1973 the track staged its first championship Grand Prix. [PAR] The track became a lucky charm for local racers, with Fittipaldi and Carlos Pace taking the spoils of victory in the 1970s. Interlagos was the scene of Pace's first and only Formula One triumph, and following his death in a plane crash the circuit was renamed in his honour. [PAR] In 1978 the Grand Prix moved to Rio, but in 1979 Interlagos got its race back. By 1981, however, Rio had retaken the Grand Prix, Sao Paulo's slums being at odds with the glamorous image Formula One wanted to portray. When a $15m redevelopment programme was agreed in the heyday of Ayrton Senna, a Sao Paulo local, the race finally switched back to Interlagos. [PAR] And there it has stayed. Since Senna's death there has been no Brazilian world champion, but the passion of the Brazilian fans keeps the sport coming back every year."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paper weight comparison and more Paper weight comparison and more [PAR] Uncoated \"plain\" paper - free from impurities. [PAR] Also referred to as \"free sheet.\" [PAR] Recycled [PAR] Paper manufactured from the waste paper stream. [PAR] All Micro Format recycled products contain a minimum of [PAR] 100% recycled material including 40% post consumer waste [PAR] Waste Paper Stream [PAR] Waste paper created during the paper manufacturing process [PAR] Post Consumer Waste [PAR] Processed Paper that has been re-used in manufacturing new paper products [PAR] Carbonless [PAR] Paper coated with special encapsulated chemicals that produce [PAR] a duplicate copy without the use of carbon paper [PAR] Thermal [PAR] A paper coated with special chemicals that produce [PAR] an image when heat is applied [PAR] Groundwood [PAR] A low cost paper that contains unprocessed wood fibers. [PAR] Symbol \"#\" [PAR] \"pound\" - used to describe paper weight [PAR] Click for additional information on PAPER WEIGHT [PAR] Symbol \"M\" [PAR] Meter - 1 meter=39.37 inches [PAR] Symbol \"mm\" [PAR] Millimeter - 1 inch=25.4 millimeters [PAR] Symbol \"sc\" [PAR] paper that can be imaged in a printer without the use of a ribbon [PAR] Symbol \"cb\" [PAR] Coated Back - Carbonless Paper (part 1) [PAR] Symbol \"cfb\" [PAR] Coated Front and Back - Carbonless Paper [PAR] internal part in a multipul part form [PAR] Symbol \"cf\" [PAR] Coated Front - Carbonless Paper (last part in set) [PAR] Symbol \"sccb\" [PAR] Self Contained sheet with carbonless coating on back [PAR] normally used as part one in a multi part set in an impact printer [PAR] using no ribbon [PAR] Carbonless set - Self Contained Coated Back Sheet Part 1 [PAR] Coated Front Sheet Part 2 [PAR] Symbol \"w\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle: Summary and Analysis ... Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle: Summary and Analysis - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle: Summary and Analysis [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: The Devil and Tom Walker by Washington Irving: Summary and Analysis [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:06 Rip Van Winkle [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. [PAR] Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. [PAR] Personalize: [PAR] Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. [PAR] Organize: [PAR] Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. [PAR] Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. [PAR] Teacher Edition: [PAR] Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the \"Teacher\" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your \"Teacher\" tab. [PAR] Premium Edition: [PAR] You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. [PAR] Create an account to start this course today [PAR] Try it free for 5 days! [PAR] Lesson Transcript [PAR] Instructor: Heather Carroll [PAR] Heather teaches high school English. She holds a master's degree in education and is a National Board Certified Teacher. [PAR] The story of 'Rip Van Winkle' is one of enchantments and escape. In this lesson, we look at how Washington Irving uses his words and Romantic characteristics to create the story's theme. [PAR] Rip Van Winkle [PAR] Like many of Washington Irving's other famous stories, 'Rip Van Winkle' was inspired by German folklore . The general plot of the story, a man who mysteriously sleeps for 20 years to find himself in a changed world, is easy enough even for children to understand, which is probably why its story line has often been adapted in other works and forms of entertainment. Even my personal first encounter with the story was an old Pac Man cartoon version called 'Pac Van Winkle.' And there's a reason this"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A brief history of the four rings - AudiWorld - Audi News ... A brief history of the four rings [PAR] Compliled by Matt Daniels from Audi AG press releases [PAR] The Audi emblem of the four rings denotes one of Germany's oldest automobile manufacturers. It symbolizes the merger in 1932 of four previously independent motor vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. These companies are the foundation stones on which the present-day AUDI AG is built. [PAR] Horch [PAR] At the end of the 19th century, there were already a number of car manufacturers in Germany. One of them was August Horch & Cie., founded on November 14, 1899 in Cologne. August Horch was one of the pioneer figures of automotive engineering. Before setting up business on his own, he worked for Carl Benz in Mannheim for three years as Head of Automobile Production. [PAR] In 1904, August Horch relocated his company to Zwickau and transformed it into a share-issuing company. However, in 1909 August Horch withdrew from the company he had founded, and set up a new enterprise under the name of \"Audi\". [PAR] Audi [PAR] The company established by August Horch in Zwickau on July 16, 1909 could not again take its founder's name for reasons of fair trade. Horch found a new name for the company by translating his name, which means \"hark!\", \"listen!\", into Latin. So it was that the second company to have been set up by August Horch commenced operations under the name Audi Automobilwerke GmbH, Zwickau, on April 25, 1910. [PAR] Wanderer [PAR] In 1885, the two mechanics Johann Baptist Winklhofer and Richard Adolf Jaenicke opened a repair business for bicycles in Chemnitz. Shortly afterwards they began to make bicycles of their own, since demand at that time was very high. These were sold under the brand name Wanderer, and in 1896 the company itself began to trade as Wanderer Fahrradwerke AG. [PAR] Wanderer built its first motorcycle in 1902. The idea of branching out into automobile production was finally put into practice in 1913. A small two-seater by the name of \"Puppchen\" heralded in Wanderer's tradition of motor car production that was to last several decades. [PAR] DKW [PAR] Originally founded under the name Rasmussen & Ernst 1904 in Chemnitz, the company was moved to Zschopau in the Erzgebirge region in 1907. The company initially manufactured and sold exhaust-steam oil separators for steam-raising plant, mudguards and lighting systems for motor vehicles, vulcanization equipment and centrifuges of all kinds. [PAR] The company's founder J\u00f6rgen Skafte Rasmussen began to experiment with a steam-driven motor vehicle in 1916, registering DKW as a trademark. In 1919 the company, by now renamed Zschopauer Motorenwerke, switched to the manufacture of small two-stroke engines, which from 1922 on served as a springboard for its success in building motorcycles under the brand name DKW. The first small DKW motor car appeared on the market in 1928. [PAR] Auto Union AG, Chemnitz [PAR] On June 29, 1932, Audiwerke, Horchwerke and Zschopauer Motorenwerke - DKW merged on the initiative of the State Bank of Saxony to form Auto Union AG. A purchase and leasing agreement was concluded at the same time with Wanderer, for the takeover of its Automobile Division. The new company's head offices were in Chemnitz. [PAR] Following the merger, Auto Union AG was the second-largest motor vehicle manufacturer in Germany. The company emblem, with four interlinked rings, symbolized the inseparable unity of the four founder-companies. The brand names Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer were retained. Each of the four brands was assigned a specific market segment"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Downton Abbey: Isobel Crawley 'would ... - Telegraph.co.uk Downton Abbey: Isobel Crawley 'would work for The Guardian' - Telegraph [PAR] Downton Abbey [PAR] Downton Abbey: Isobel Crawley 'would work for The Guardian' [PAR] The actress Penelope Wilton describes her character in the ITV series as a 'lefty' who would be a career woman if she was alive now [PAR] Penelope Wilton stars as Isobel Crawley in Downton Abbey Photo: ITV [PAR] Follow [PAR] As an Edwardian aristocrat with money to spare, Downton Abbey\u2019s Isobel Crawley character is not, of course, a career woman. [PAR] But the actress who plays her has suggested that if she were alive today, the \u201clefty\u201d widow would probably be one, and would likely be working on The Guardian newspaper. [PAR] Penelope Wilton predicted she would like Isobel if she met her in real life, describing her as \u201cbrave, independent and forward-thinking.\u201d [PAR] She praised Julian Fellowes, the writer of the ITV costume drama, for creating a \u201cvery interesting woman\u201d who would nowadays most likely be doing something \u201ca bit more fulfilling.\u201d [PAR] She told Radio Times : \u201cShe would be a career woman and would probably be editing The Guardian women\u2019s page. She would be doing something forward-thinking.\u201d [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Ten things you need to know about Downton Abbey [PAR] 21 Sep 2013 [PAR] She likened the character to \u201ca real person, with all their faults\u201d, and said she liked her a lot. [PAR] But despite the huge success of the television series, it could not go on indefinitely, Wilton said. [PAR] The 67-year-old star, who has also appeared in Doctor Who and in the film The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, warned that everyone would get \u201cbored stiff\u201d of the drama if it carried on for too long. [PAR] \u201cI don't think anything can go on and on,\u201d she said. [PAR] Meanwhile MyAnna Buring, who appeared in Downton Abbey as a maid called Edna, said she was unsure if her character would be back in the drama but suggested one should \u201cnever say never with Downton.\u201d [PAR] Asked if she expected the recent rape scene on the show to provoke such controversy, the actress said: \"I think rape should always provoke a very strong reaction. It will be a sad state of affairs when it doesn't.\" [PAR] ITV received dozens of complaints from viewers earlier this month after an episode included a plot line in which Anna Bates, a lady\u2019s maid, was violently raped by a visiting valet.[DOC] [TLE] Penelope Wilton - IMDb Penelope Wilton - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Actress [PAR] Penelope Wilton was born on June 3, 1946 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England as Penelope Alice Wilton. She is an actress, known for Match Point (2005), The BFG (2016) and Shaun of the Dead (2004). She was previously married to Ian Holm and Daniel Massey . See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 33 images [PAR] created 12 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 people [PAR] created 13 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 people [PAR] created 30 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 people [PAR] created 09 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 images [PAR] created 12 Oct 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Penelope Wilton's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 3 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 2016 Brief Encounters (TV Series) [PAR] Pauline [PAR] 2011-2012 North by Northamptonshire (TV"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jigsaw - Horror Film Wiki - Wikia Jigsaw | Horror Film Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] John Kramer was a succesful civil enigneer, who was married to a woman named Jill Tuck. While he ventured much in property development, she helped drug addicts with her rehabilitation clinic. John wasn't in favor of the clinic, believing that the addicts used Jill to get a fix of methadon, and didn't really wanted to come clean. This feeling was strengthed by the fact that several of the addicts became regular patients... But being the devoted husband he was, he did let it slide and later, when Jill became pregnant, he start using his skills to build toys and a crib for the unborn child. He also repaired an old cuckoo clock and gave it as a gift to Jill. One day things went wrong however. One of Jill's patients, a man named Cecil, threatened her with a knife, trying to cut in line, claiming he has been waiting three hours for help. Luckily, John was there and in a fit of rage, threw Cecil out the clinic. [PAR] Becoming the Jigsaw Killer [PAR] Edit [PAR] This in turn however was interpret by Cecil Adams and his then-girlfriend, Amanda Young , that Jill wouldn't help them anymore. So since she wasn't going to help them, get their next fix, they would have to take it. By robbing the clinic at closing time. At that moment, John was waiting in the car, for Jill, who was closing the clinic. While Amanda tried to distract John, Cecil would go to Jill. He forced her to give him the money of the clinic and became anxious when she didn't hurry. Meanwhile, Amanda's attempts at distracting John, only resukted in her annoying him, with the latter asked her to leave him alone.When Cecil had the money, he tried to get away as quickly as possible, afraid that he would be caught. In his haste, he slammed the door in Jill's belly, resulting in Jill crying in agony. Scared that he might get caught, he fled the scene, without providing any help for Jill. His get-away was however seen by John, who immediately realized what Cecil just had done. In panic, he jumped out his car and ran towards to the clinic, where he found Jill on the ground. But at that point, it was already too late. Jill had a miscarriage. Their unborn child was killed by one of the people, she so desperately had tried to help. [PAR] The tragic event made John bitter. Seeing how Cecil and Amanda didn't change, no matter how many times they got help from Jill, made John concluded that they couldn't be helped, since they didn't want to change. They had to change themselves. When he tried to explain this newfound wisdom to Jill, she denied it and instead kept helping the people that John believed were undeserving of help. This difference in philosphy caused them to become more detached from each other and John grew hateful towards the addicts, seeing them as the reason for his misfortune. In a fit of rage, he destroyed everything he had built for their son and the clock that gave her as a gift. Seeing how much he had changed over the past months, Jill decided that their life was over. He would never be able to let go of it, so she let go of him. With the help of Art Blank, she divorced him. But John's misery didn't end here. During a rountine medical check-up, his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gardening Gloves - Gardening Tools - Garden Tools - Garden ... Gardening Gloves - Gardening Tools - Garden Tools - Garden Center - The Home Depot [PAR] G &amp; F Grain Pigskin Leather Medium Work Gloves (3-Pair)-2002M-3 - [PAR] Made of 100% A Grade Premium Pigskin Leather Made of 100% A Grade Premium Pigskin Leather returns its original softness and comfort. Size: S/M/L. Machine washable. Ideal for drivers auto industry utility workers warehouse. Straight thumb design Washable leather Elastic shirred back featured on this style holds gloves securely on hand Ideal for drivers auto industry utility workers ... More + Product Details Close [PAR] DEWALT 2-in-1 CWS Thermal Size Large Work Gloves-DPG737L - The Home [PAR] 2-in-1 Cold Weather System Uses Glove-in-Glove Technology to 2-in-1 Cold Weather System Uses Glove-in-Glove Technology to Keep Your Hands Warm and Dry While Protecting You on the Jobsite. The Comfortable Brushed Acrylic Knit Thermal Liner Effectively Traps Warm Air in While Maintaining Dexterity. The Outer Nylon Knit Shell Wicks Away Moisture and Provides a Wind and Abrasion Resistant ... More + Product Details Close [PAR] G &amp; F Grain Pigskin Leather Small Work Gloves (3-Pair)-2002S-3 - [PAR] Made of 100% A Grade Premium Pigskin Leather Made of 100% A Grade Premium Pigskin Leather returns its original softness and comfort. Size: S/M/L. Machine washable. Ideal for drivers auto industry utility workers warehouse. Straight thumb design Washable leather Elastic shirred back featured on this style holds gloves securely on hand Ideal for drivers auto industry utility workers ... More + Product Details Close[DOC] [TLE] Garden Glove Buyer's Guide - Better Homes & Gardens Garden Glove Buyer's Guide [PAR] Tools [PAR] Garden Glove Buyer's Guide [PAR] There are so many choices when it comes to protecting your hands in the garden. We've made shopping easy with this garden glove buyer's guide. [PAR] By Kelly Roberson [PAR] Oops, we're sorry. Something went wrong. Please try again later. [PAR] Oops, we're sorry. Something went wrong. Please try again later. [PAR] Share your take on this idea! [PAR] Upload your photo here. [PAR] CLOSE [PAR] Working with soil can quickly dry out hands and cause cracking, not to mention it can leave behind ground-in dirt that's hard to remove, especially under fingernails. Gloves protect hands from soil and drying, and they provide a barrier to any questionable organisms contained in manure and compost. Gloves also help prevent blisters from using shovels, rakes, and other gardening tools . But with the range of choices, we're here to help in the form of a garden glove buyer's guide. [PAR] The best garden gloves are the ones that fit your hands and the task. If the gloves are too big, they will limit your dexterity and possibly chafe and cause blisters. Small gloves limit hand movement. No one pair of gloves will be ideally suited to all types of gardening activities. Here are the basic types of gardening gloves and the jobs for which they are best suited. [PAR] continue reading below [PAR] Cloth Gloves [PAR] When and how to use them: These gloves are suitable for light planting chores, mixing soil, digging, and raking. Some styles have palms and fingers reinforced with leather or latex, making them longer lasting, better for gripping, and more impervious to prickles and thorns. They can be tossed into the washing machine. [PAR] Garden glove tip: Cloth gloves can soak up water and become cold and clammy. They're neither durable nor expensive, so plan on replacing them regularly. [PAR] Sheepskin & Goatskin Gloves [PAR] When and how to use them: These gloves are suited for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] cabriole | ballet movement | Britannica.com cabriole | ballet movement | Britannica.com [PAR] ballet movement [PAR] entrechat [PAR] Cabriole, ballet jump, formerly performed only by men, in which the dancer beats the calves of the legs together in the air, with a scissors-like movement. When the beat occurs, the legs are extended at either a 45\u00b0 or 90\u00b0 angle to the body at the front, side, or back. The dancer may land on one foot, then bring the second foot down to fifth position\u2014cabriole ferm\u00e9e (\u201cclosed cabriole\u201d)\u2014or may complete the step with the second foot in the air\u2014cabriole ouverte (\u201copen cabriole\u201d). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in Marie Camargo [PAR] ...established the ballet\u2019s basic leg position as turned-out 90\u00b0 from the hip. A rival of Marie Sall\u00e9, she was noted for her speed and agility and for her perfection of the entrechat and cabriole, jumping steps previously executed chiefly by men. To obtain the necessary freedom of movement and to display her rapidly moving feet, she became the first danseuse to shorten her ballet... [PAR] 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] use by Camargo (in Marie Camargo ) [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: July 20, 1998 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/art/cabriole [PAR] Access Date: January 14, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Types of Dance, Dance Terms and Definitions, Dance ... Types of Dance, Dance Terms and Definitions, Dance terminology - C [PAR] A Spanish dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time with castanets. [PAR] cakewalk [PAR] An African-American dance in which couples strut and compete with high kicks and fast steps. [PAR] cake walk [PAR] The Cake Walk is said to have originated in Florida about 1880. The style of walking was practiced by the blacks as an art. The dignity of the promenade was rewarded by a prize, usually a cake. The winner cut the cake and shared it with the others. [PAR] calesitas [PAR] merry-go-rounds [PAR] calypso [PAR] The music of the typical ballads in England sung by the natives of Trinidad. There was no real dance but because"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] News - Serac News - Serac [PAR] Serac [PAR] 10/26/2016 Virtual Packaging Line - Serac inside [PAR] Virtual Packaging Line - Serac inside [PAR] Put on your virtual reality headset. Are you ready? Off we go on our unusual journey. A 3 minute voyage through the center of a packaging line. Thrills guaranteed. [PAR] Once settled inside the capsule wearing their virtual reality headsets, visitors to the all4pack trade show in Paris Villepinte (13-17 Nov.) will be able to experience \"from the inside\" the journey of a product along a full packaging line. This virtual voyage will begin inside Serac's blowing, filling and capping system and will physically take place on the Geppia stand (Hall4 Stand B39). Tickets will be made available to sales representatives so that guests can have priority access to the device. [PAR] This \"serious game\" project, involving more than forty manufacturers and suppliers, has allowed an insight into the possibilities offered by virtual reality and augmented reality. This project presents an amazing research opportunity for the creation of new services in maintenance and training, as well as for collaborative design and the presentation of new products.Serac will undoubtedly have to take advantage of these new technologies in the near future in order to maintain its level of excellence. [PAR] Download press release [PAR] Serac takes a stake in the equity of Xpertech [PAR] In April 2016, Serac has become a minority shareholder in Xpertech, a start-up company specialising in diagnostics for industrial equipment, located in Evry in the Essone region (91). This three-man company was created in 2013 by Gilles Morvan, and achieved a turnover of 200 000 Euros in 2015 with year-on-year growth of over 30%. Whilst this merger will allow Xpertech to gain credibility by joining forces with an industrial partner, Serac will also be able to expand its services by offering two ... [PAR] In April 2016, Serac has become a minority shareholder in Xpertech, a start-up company specialising in diagnostics for industrial equipment, located in Evry in the Essone region (91). This three-man company was created in 2013 by Gilles Morvan, and achieved a turnover of 200 000 Euros in 2015 with year-on-year growth of over 30%. Whilst this merger will allow Xpertech to gain credibility by joining forces with an industrial partner, Serac will also be able to expand its services by offering two web-based solutions : XSED, a simple solution to manage the maintenance of equipment in real time and NET-TAG, a solution to identify individually each product and enable interaction with consumers. [PAR] XSED, a simple, easy to install monitoring system. [PAR] XSED is a web-solution developed by Xpertech to manage the maintenance of equipment in real time. Clip-on detectors, called \"Cl@ps\", can be installed without intruding on the equipment's electrical power cables. Captors detect active and stoppage phases, transmitting the information via a wireless radio system to an on-line exchange which feeds into the XSED server. [PAR] Thanks to its location within the Genopole, a business incubator specialising in biotechnology grouped around Genethon, Xpertech has access to the research centre's powerful servers. The information is then stored on a Cloud, where it is entered and managed so as to send email alerts, maintenance reminders, performance calculations, energy reports or detect peaks in consumption. The \"Cl@ps\" can also count items and measure physical dimensions, detecting thresholds and sending email alerts. [PAR] Xpertech has just installed this monitoring system at Rouiba, one of Serac\u2019s customers in Algeria, who uses an aseptic beverages packaging line. [PAR] [PAR] NET-TAG, Xpertech's other flagship product [PAR] NET-TAG is an application that opens"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ban on tobacco advertising - politics.co.uk Tobacco Advertising [PAR] Tobacco Advertising [PAR] Tobacco Advertising [PAR] What is Tobacco Advertising? [PAR] Tobacco Advertising refers to the promotion of tobacco products, such as cigarettes, in the media and at retail outlets. [PAR] In the first half of 2003, the Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002 banned the direct and indirect advertising or promotion of tobacco products. For the purposes of the ban, 'tobacco advertisement' is defined as an advertisement that has the sole purpose of promoting a tobacco product (direct advertising) or 'whose effect is to do so' (indirect advertising or brand-stretching). The Act says that a 'tobacco product' is anything made 'wholly or partly of tobacco and intended to be smoked, sniffed, sucked or chewed.' [PAR] Under the Act, tobacco advertising in the press and on billboards was outlawed from February 2003, while direct marketing was banned from May of the same year. [PAR] The Health Act 2009, together with regulations made under the Act, enable further restrictions on tobacco sales and advertising. [PAR] On 1 October 2011, a ban on the sale of tobacco from, and display of adverts on, vending machines came into force, the aim being to prevent under-age sales to children and to help adults trying to quit. [PAR] On 6 April 2012, further regulations came into force requiring all large shops and supermarkets in England to hide cigarettes, tobacco products and displays from public view. For all other businesses and smaller shops selling tobacco products, the regulations will apply from April 2015. [PAR] Background [PAR] Television advertising of tobacco products was banned in the UK in 1965 under the Television Act 1964, which was reinforced by an EU directive in the 1980s. Other advertising, such as press and billboard, was governed by a self-regulatory agreement with the Government. This covered the manner of advertising and the positioning of promotional sites. [PAR] Labour pledged to ban tobacco advertising in its 1997 election manifesto: \"Smoking is the greatest single cause of preventable illness and premature death in the UK. We will therefore ban tobacco advertising.\" A White Paper entitled 'Smoking Kills' was published in 1998. After a Government bill failed to become law before the 2001 general election, Ministers adopted an identically-drafted private member's bill, first introduced by Liberal Democrat Peer Lord Clement-Jones. [PAR] Under the Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002 , tobacco advertising in the press and on billboards was outlawed from February 2003, while direct marketing was banned from May of the same year. [PAR] The sponsorship of sporting events began to be phased out from July 2003, allowing some sports to reduce their reliance on tobacco revenue gradually. Ban on the use of tobacco advertising at Formula 1 Grands Prix and other sporting events in the EU came into effect on 1 August 2005. [PAR] The Health Act 2009 includes provisions which enable the introduction of regulations to restrict future advertising and promotion of tobacco products. [PAR] \u2018Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A Tobacco Control Plan for England\u2019, published in March 2011,set out the Government\u2019s programme of tobacco control to be delivered over the following five years and included a proposal to look at the impact of cigarette packaging. [PAR] A public consultation was subsequently launched seeking views on whether plain packaging, or a different kind of packaging, should be adopted. The consultation ran from 16 April to 10 August 2012. The Government has said it has \u201can open mind\u201d on the issue and will carefully consider all the information before making a decision. [PAR] A ban on the sale of tobacco from,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rules of Shove Ha'penny - Masters Traditional Games The Rules of Shove Ha'penny [PAR] Game Categories [PAR] The Rules of Shove Ha'penny [PAR] Being a traditional pub game without any national governing body, variations of equipment and rules abound. Where there is doubt, locally played rules should always apply. Note: 1 inch = 2.54cm [PAR] [PAR] The Equipment [PAR] The board is usually about twenty inches by fourteen inches and can can be made from slate, teak, mahogany or occasionally glass or marble. Ten indented horizontal lines lie across the board, each one having a thickness of about a thirty-secondth of an inch. The first horizontal line is four inches from the front of the board and the last horizontal line is about five inches from the rear of the board. The nine areas between the lines are called 'beds' and each bed is one and a quarter inches wide. Sometimes, a wooden barrier is stuck to the end of the board to prevent the ha'pennies from sliding off the end. [PAR] An inch and a quarter in from either side, a vertical line runs the length of the board so that the end of each bed has a square area which is used for scoring. [PAR] All lines on the board are indented slightly - perhaps a sixteenth of an inch. Expensive wooden boards sometimes have much deeper slots with brass rails in them that protrude from one side and are hinged on the other. To judge whether a Ha'penny is touching a line or not, the rail is briefly lifted out of the slot and if the coin moves, it was not within the bed and does not score. [PAR] A variety of substances can be used to make the board sufficiently slippery but French chalk may be preferable and talcum powder is good modern alternative. The five ha'pennies should have their tails side smoothed down so that they slide easily. [PAR] [PAR] The Game [PAR] Each player shoves five coins up the board in each turn. To prepare each coin to be pushed, the player positions the Ha'penny at the front of the board with the rear of the coin just sticking over the front edge of the board. Any part of the hand can then be used to shove the coin up the board. If a coin does not actually reach the first line on the board, that coin does not count as having been played and can be shoved again. [PAR] At the end of the turn each coin that is completely within a 'bed' (between two horizontal lines and within the bordering vertical lines) scores a point for that player in that bed. The points are scored with chalk marks in the squares at either end of the bed on the edge of the board, one player owning the right side, the other, the left. The aim is to get three chalk marks in each of the squares - three scores in each of the nine beds. However, once three scores have been made in a bed, any further scores in that bed will be given to the opponent instead, unless the opponent already has three scores in the bed. The one exception to this is the winning point which must be scored properly by the winning player, not given away. [PAR] Good players will attempt to cause a coin to knock onto one or more previously pushed ha'pennies in an effort to improve their position as well as trying to make a score with the Ha'penny being played. A little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sheffield United Mascot - Captain Blade - 3D Model ... Sheffield United Mascot - Captain Blade - 3D Model Skinning Test - YouTube [PAR] Sheffield United Mascot - Captain Blade - 3D Model Skinning Test [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 13, 2011 [PAR] This is my first attempt at skinning a 3D character I have been asked to create for Sheffield United Football Club. As you can see it still needs a fair amount of work, and some better blending between the verts in some areas, but seems to be a good start. [PAR] It is being created for an animation which will feature Captain Blade scoring a goal, and is intended for display on the big screen at Bramall Lane whenever SUFC score! [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] English soccer teams have the wackiest mascots. | Sports ... English soccer teams have the wackiest mascots. | Sports on Earth [PAR] Comments (0) [PAR] Meet Manchester City's mascot, Moonchester. The club says he comes from the planet Blue Moon, but a moon is not a planet the last we checked. (Getty Images) [PAR] A dinosaur, an anthropomorphic alien, a giant red bear with horns, a hippopotamus, a computer, a pirate, a moose, a fat man and a hell of a lot of birds. This oddball collection of misfits sounds like either the worst Disney movie ever made or all the Disney movies ever made. Surprisingly, they're not affiliated with Disney. They're English soccer mascots. [PAR] American sports fans are no strangers to oddball mascots, but there's almost always some vague, tenuous connection with the team itself. European soccer -- with nicknames that sometimes carry less than obvious connections to the real world -- is occasionally unconcerned with this requirement, making for a few particularly questionable mascot choices. [PAR] And we're not even including some bizarre classics, such as the old Manchester United good luck charm \"Hoppy\" Thorne, the One-legged Wonder, a British soldier maimed in WWI who used to run out onto the pitch before matches, or BiG Lupus from Chester FC, who seems like a nice enough wolf , even if he has the same name as a debilitating disease. [PAR] Whether you think some of these are cute or not, I would never allow a few of them within 20 feet of my (also non-existent) children. Some try too hard, others not enough. [PAR] These are the goofiest mascots from the Football Association. [PAR] Gunnersaurus (Arsenal): [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Did you know dinosaurs can blog? Dinosaurs can blog . Admittedly, a brontosaurus has nothing to do with Arsenal or their nickname, the Gunners, but Gunnersaurus says no to racism: he snubbed John Terry after his racist remarks to Anton Ferdinand. [PAR] Mighty Red (Liverpool): [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] If a human had a smile like that, they would not be allowed within 100 yards of a school zone. Also, its legs are disturbingly skinny relative to the size of its torso. Be suspicious of Mighty Red's Tyson Chandler-esque proportions . [PAR] Moonchester (Manchester City): [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Manchester City's anthem is titled \"Blue Moon\", so they took \"Moon\" from Blue Moon and \"Chester\" from Manchester to create Moonchester. Clever, yes? No. No it's not, because Moonchester is an alien, which has nothing to do with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EMMA LAZARUS; FAMOUS POEM :\"THE NEW COLOSSUS\" EMMA LAZARUS; FAMOUS POEM :\"THE NEW COLOSSUS\" [PAR] Statue of Liberty National Monument [PAR] Emma Lazarus\u0092 Famous Poem [PAR] A poem by Emma Lazarus is graven on a tablet [PAR] within the pedestal on which the statue stands. [PAR] [PAR] Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, [PAR] With conquering limbs astride from land to land; [PAR] Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand [PAR] A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame [PAR] Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name [PAR] Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand [PAR] Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command [PAR] The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. [PAR] \"Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!\" cries she [PAR] With silent lips. \"Give me your tired, your poor, [PAR] Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, [PAR] The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. [PAR] Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, [PAR] I lift my lamp beside the golden door!\" [PAR] [PAR] History of Liberty State Park [PAR] [PAR] The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Photos [PAR] On the New York Harbor, less than 2,000 feet from the Statue of Liberty, Liberty State Park has served a vital role in the development of New Jersey's metropolitan region and the history of the nation. [PAR] During the 19th and early 20th centuries the area that is now Liberty State Park was a major waterfront industrial area with an extensive freight and passenger transportation network. This network became the lifeline of New York City and the harbor area. The heart of this transportation network was the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal (CRRNJ), located in the northern portion of the park. The CRRNJ Terminal stands with the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island to unfold one of this nation's most dramatic stories: the immigration of northern, southern, and eastern Europeans into the United States. After being greeted by the Statue of Liberty and processed at Ellis Island, these immigrants purchased tickets and boarded trains, at the CRRNJ Terminal, that took them to their new homes throughout the United States. The Terminal served these immigrants as the gateway to the realization of their hopes and dreams of a new life in America. [PAR] Today, Liberty State Park continues to serve a vital role in the New York Harbor area. As the railroads and industry declined, the land was abandoned and became a desolate dump site. With the development of Liberty State Park came a renaissance of the waterfront. Land with decaying buildings, overgrown tracks and piles of debris was transformed into a modern urban state park. The park was formerly opened on Flag Day, June 14, 1976, as New Jersey's bicentennial gift to the nation. Most of this 1,122 acre park is open space with approximately 300 acres developed for public recreation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judo History - What is Judo ? - University of Notre Dame What is Judo? [PAR] Judo Techniques [PAR] Judo is known for its spectacular throwing techniques but also includes numerous techniques for controlling an opponent while on the ground. Judo is often compared to freestyle wrestling and while the two share many techniques, Judo retains many dangerous self-defense maneuvers. A good judoka, one who practices Judo, will first use timing and leverage to bring his opponent off balance and execute a throw. Once the judoka has thrown his opponent to the ground, he will use painful hold-down techniques, chokes, strangleholds, and armlocks to control and subdue the opponent. If the opponent does not surrender, he will either have his elbow joint dislocated by means of an armlock or will be rendered unconscious with a chokehold. A judoka first learns \"ukemi\", the art of falling properly to avoid injury. All Judo practitioners wear a judogi and a belt. Judo is practiced on mats for safety. [PAR] Judo Philosophy [PAR] The main principles of Judo are \" Maximum Efficiency \" and \" Mutual Welfare and Benefit .\" The goal of maximum efficiency teaches the judoka to use the least amount of physical strength necessary to throw an opponent. This is accomplished by proper use of technique and timing. The goal of mutual welfare and benefit was an extension of Dr. Kano's belief that Judo could help the individual become a better member of society. Dr. Kano felt that the personal discipline that Judo taught would extend beyond the dojo into daily life and could allow the judoka to become a more productive member of society. [PAR] [PAR] Judo as a Sport [PAR] In 1964, Judo became the first martial art to be sanctioned as a medal sport in the Olympic Games. Judo competitions are also held throughout the world. Points are awarded for throwing an opponent, holding an opponent on his back while on the mat for a designated amount of time, or forcing an opponent to submit via \"tapping out\" to an armlock or choke or rendering the opponent unconscious with a choke. A match is won with a \"perfect throw\" called an Ippon, two near perfect throws called Wazari, holding an opponent on his back on the mat for 25 seconds, a combination of one Wazari and holding an opponent down for 20 seconds, or submitting an opponent with a choke or armlock. Members of the Notre Dame Judo Club are registered as amateur athletes in the State of Indiana through the state judo governing body, Indiana Judo Inc. Members are offered frequent opportunities to compete. However, competition is not necessary for membership in the club. [PAR] [PAR] Other Aspects About Judo [PAR] People practice Judo for many different reasons such as exercise, self-defense, a social activity and for many practitioners Judo becomes a way of life. But if you ask most judoka why they train Judo, they will say that the practice Judo because it is fun. Judo is a great exercise routine. It promotes flexibility, develops speed and co-ordination, strengthens the cardiovascular system, and promotes balanced muscular development. Many Judo techniques can also be employed as a means of self-defense. The throws and chokeholds of Judo are particularly effective if one is forced to deal with an assailant. Judo ranks are awarded for developing proficiency in certain techniques and for regular practice. All judoka begin as white belts. Over time, they may earn a yellow belt, green belt, three degrees of brown belt, and finally a black belt. [PAR] .[DOC] [TLE] Martial Arts - Campbelltown"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve McQueen - Biography - IMDb Steve McQueen - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Steve McQueen [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 183 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (112) | Personal Quotes (31) | Salary (24) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 7 November 1980 , Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, Mexico (heart attack following surgery for metastasized cancer stemming from mesothelioma) [PAR] Birth Name [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] He was the ultra-cool male film star of the 1960s, and rose from a troubled youth spent in reform schools to being the world's most popular actor. Over 25 years after his untimely death from mesothelioma in 1980, Steve McQueen is still considered hip and cool, and he endures as an icon of popular culture. [PAR] McQueen was born in Beech Grove, Indiana, to Julia Ann (Crawford) and William Terence McQueen, a stunt pilot. His first lead role was in the low-budget sci-fi film The Blob (1958), quickly followed by roles in The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery (1959) and Never So Few (1959). The young McQueen appeared as Vin, alongside Yul Brynner , in the star-laden The Magnificent Seven (1960) and effectively hijacked the lead from the bigger star by ensuring he was nearly always doing something in every shot he and Brynner were in together, such as adjusting his hat or gun belt. He next scored with audiences with two interesting performances, first in the World War II drama Hell Is for Heroes (1962) and then in The War Lover (1962). Riding a wave of popularity, McQueen delivered another crowd pleaser as Hilts, the Cooler King, in the knockout World War II P.O.W. film The Great Escape (1963), featuring his famous leap over the barbed wire on a motorcycle while being pursued by Nazi troops (in fact, however, the stunt was actually performed by his good friend, stunt rider Bud Ekins ). [PAR] McQueen next appeared in several films of mixed quality, including Soldier in the Rain (1963); Love with the Proper Stranger (1963) and Baby the Rain Must Fall (1965). However, they failed to really grab audience attention, but his role as Eric Stoner in The Cincinnati Kid (1965), alongside screen legend Edward G. Robinson and Karl Malden , had movie fans filling theaters again to see the ice-cool McQueen they loved. He was back in another western, Nevada Smith (1966), again with Malden, and then he gave what many consider to be his finest dramatic performance as loner US Navy sailor Jake Holman in the superb The Sand Pebbles (1966). McQueen was genuine hot property and next appeared with Faye Dunaway in the provocative crime drama The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), next in what many consider his signature role, that of a maverick, taciturn detective in the mega-hit Bullitt (1968), renowned for its famous chase sequence through San Francisco between McQueen's Ford Mustang and the killer's black Dodge Charger. [PAR] Interestingly, McQueen's next role was a total departure from the action genre, as he played Southerner Boon Hogganbeck in the family-oriented The Reivers (1969), based on the popular William Faulkner novel. Not surprisingly, the film didn't go over particularly well with audiences, even though it was an entertaining and well made production, and McQueen showed an interesting comedic side of his acting talents. He returned to more familiar territory in 1971, with the race film Le Mans (1971), a rather self-indulgent exercise, and its slow plot line contributed to its rather poor performance in theaters. It wasn't until many years later"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hugh Lofting Book List - FictionDB Hugh Lofting Book List - FictionDB [PAR] Action Adventure [PAR] Apr-2013 [PAR] Doctor Doolittle is an eminent character of the English literature. It has been developed in the numerous books by Hugh Lofting and gained much fame thanks to their related cinematographic adaptations. Although The Voyages of Doctor Doolittle (1922) ... [PAR] Action Adventure [PAR] Feb-2013 [PAR] Doctor John Dolittle is the central character of a series of children's books by Hugh Lofting starting with the 1920 The Story of Doctor Dolittle. He is a doctor who shuns human patients in favour of animals, with whom he can speak in their own langu... [PAR] Action Adventure [PAR] Apr-2012 [PAR] In Doctor Dolittle in the Moon Doctor Dolittle has landed on the Moon. He meets Otho Bludge the Moon Man, a Stone Age artist who was the only human on the Moon when it broke away from the Earth. The animals of the Moon flock to Doctor Dolittle, and h... [PAR] General Fiction [PAR] Apr-2012 [PAR] In Doctor Dolittle's Circus the doctor needs money to pay off a voyage to Africa, so he joins a circus with the pushmi-pullyu as his attraction. He enlightens a circus owner who cares little for animals, fights against the practice of fox hunting and... [PAR] General Fiction [PAR] Apr-2012 [PAR] Doctor Dolittle's Garden follows Lofting's Doctor Dolittle's Zoo. Tommy Stubbins, Dolittle's assistant, reports on Professor Quetch, curator of the Dog Museum. Meanwhile, the doctor has learned insect languages and hears ancient tales of a giant race... [PAR] General Fiction [PAR] Apr-2012 [PAR] Doctor Dolittle's Return is lighter and more comic than other Dolittle books. Tommy Stubbins waits for Doctor Dolittle's return from the Moon. When the Doctor returns he is anxious to write of what he has experienced. This proves more difficult than ... [PAR] General Fiction [PAR] Apr-2012 [PAR] MY name was Tommy Stubbins, son of Jacob Stubbins, the cobbler of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh; and I was nine and a half years old. At that time Puddleby was only quite a small town. A river ran through the middle of it; and over this river there was a ver..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bernadette Devlin McAliskey - Irish Political Activist Bernadette Devlin McAliskey - Irish Political Activist [PAR] Occupation: activist; member, British Parliament, from Mid-Ulster, 1969-1974 [PAR] Also known as: Bernadette Josephine Devlin, Bernadette Devlin McAliskey, Bernadette McAliskey, Mrs. Michael McAliskey [PAR] Bernadette Devlin McAliskey Biography [PAR] Bernadette Devlin, a radical feminist and Catholic activist in Northern Ireland, was a founder of People's Democracy. After one failed attempt to be elected, she became the youngest woman ever elected to Parliament in 1969, running as a socialist. [PAR] When she was very young, her father taught her much about Irish political history. He died when she was only nine years old, leaving her mother to care for six children on welfare. She described her experience on welfare as \"the depths of degradation.\" When Bernadette Devlin was eighteen, her mother died, and Devlin helped care for the other children while finishing college. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] She became active in politics at Queen's University, founding a \"non-partisan, non-political organization based on the simple belief that everyone should have the right to a decent life.\" The group worked for economic opportunity, especially in job and housing opportunity, and drew members from different religious faiths and backgrounds. She helped to organize protests including sit-ins. the group became political and ran candidates in the general election of 1969. [PAR] Devlin was part of the August 1969 \"Battle of the Bogside,\" which attempted to exclude police from the Catholic section of Bogside. Devlin then traveled to the United States and met with the Secretary General of the United Nations. She was given the keys to the city of New York -- and handed them over to the Black Panther Party. When she returned, she was sentenced to six months for her role in the Bogside battle, for incitement to riot and obstruction. She served her term after being reelected to Parliament. [PAR] She published her autobiography, The Price of My Soul, in 1969, to show the roots of her activism in the social conditions in which she was raised. [PAR] In 1972, Bernadette Devlin assaulted the home secretary, Reginald Maudling, after \"Bloody Sunday\" when 13 people were killed in Derry when British forces broke up a meeting. [PAR] Devlin married Michael McAliskey in 1973 and lost her seat in Parliament in 1974. They were among the founders of the Irish Republican Socialist Party in 1974. Devlin ran unsuccessfully in later years for the European Parliament and the Irish legislature, the Dail Eireann. In 1980, she led marches in Northern Ireland and in the Republic of Ireland, in support of IRA hunger strikers and opposing the conditions under which the strike was settled. In 1981, members of the the Unionist Ulster Defense Association attempted to assassinate the McAliskeys and they were seriously injured in the attack, despite British Army protection of their home. The attackers were convicted and sentenced to prison for life. [PAR] In more recent years, Devlin was in the news for her support for gays and lesbians who wanted to march in New York's Saint Patrick's Day Parade. In 1996, her daughter R\u00f3is\u00edn McAliskey was arrested in Germany in connection with an IRA bombing of a British Army barracks; Devlin protested her pregnant daughter's innocence and demanded her release. [PAR] In 2003, she was barred from entering the United States and deported on grounds of posing a \"serious threat to the security of the United States,\" though she had been permitted entry many other times. [PAR] Background, Family: [PAR] Father: John James Devlin (died"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] snakebite - definition of snakebite in English from the ... snakebite - definition of snakebite in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of snakebite in English: [PAR] snakebite [PAR] 1The bite of a snake, especially a venomous one. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018Each year, 7,000 venomous snakebites are reported in the United States.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Although once popular, surgical intervention with fasciotomy for venomous snakebite is now reserved for selected rare cases and should never be performed prophylactically.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Patients should be warned that most snakebites occur between April and October, when outdoor activities are common, and that simple precautions may help them avoid snake encounters.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Renal failure is a common cause of delayed mortality from untreated snakebites in developing parts of the world.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Although exotic snakes account for only a small percentage of venomous snakebites, the prevalence of these bites is increasing as the popularity of keeping exotic snakes as house pets continues to rise.\u2019 [PAR] 2British A drink consisting of draught cider and lager in equal proportions. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018We sat in the beer garden and had a drink, but Ghost and Eloise looked like they'd take AGES to finish their snakebite and blacks, so we - Tamsin, Al Fiendish and I - decided we'd go on to the venue itself and let the others catch up with us.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Everyone in the back had been drinking snakebites for the best part of the evening, and it was half way down the motorway and one of them said \u2018I feel a bit sick, you'll have to stop the van\u2019.\u2019 [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] carioca [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] bossa nova [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] jota [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] fandango [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] Jameston [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] frug [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] ceroc [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] turkey trot [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] camogie [PAR] Which of the following is a type of dance? [PAR] polka [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry [PAR] Most popular in the world [PAR] Australia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coin catalog [Currency: French Guianan sou | Mint: Monnaie ... Coin catalog [Currency: French Guianan sou | Mint: Monnaie de Paris, Paris, France] [PAR] Front: (value) 2 SOUS above (year) 1780 until 1790 [PAR] (below, mintmark) A (Paris Mint, France) inside circle [PAR] legend: (top, mark) head [PAR] (colony name) COLONE DE CAYENNE [PAR] Back: Crown above (emblem) 3 fleur-de-lis [PAR] legend: (right, proprietor) LOUIS XVI [PAR] (lower0right, spacers/dots) \u2022 [PAR] (below-left, titles) ROI DE FR : ET DE NAV. [PAR] (Roi de France et de Navarre) [PAR] Note: Coins dated 1780, 1781, 1783 and 1786 [PAR] are regarded by many authorities as spurious. [PAR] Coins with curved base crown are contemporary forgeries, [PAR] mostly of brass and originating in Birmingham. [PAR] Many die varieties exist, notably with Roman and Arabic 1's [PAR] for the first numeral in the date and in numerous metals. [PAR] Edge: P \u2013 plain, type: \u041f [PAR] Formerly known as: c1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Was the First Non-Human to Win an Oscar? - wiseGEEK Who Was the First Non-Human to Win an Oscar? [PAR] Who Was the First Non-Human to Win an Oscar? [PAR] Tweet [PAR] In 1932, Disney's Mickey Mouse was the first non-human to win an Oscar. The Oscar was received by Walt Disney for the creation of Mickey Mouse as an Academy Honorary Award. That year, Disney's Mickey's Orphans was also nominated in the Best Animated Short Film category, but the Oscar went to another Disney film: Flowers and Trees. [PAR] More about the Oscars: [PAR] The first Oscars were presented in 1929 in a ceremony that lasted only 15 minutes. [PAR] The statuette awarded to winners is 13.5 inches (34 cm) tall and weighs 8.5 pounds (3.85 kg). [PAR] In 2003, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King won all 11 categories in which it was nominated. [PAR] Follow wiseGEEK: [PAR] Viranty [PAR] Post 3 [PAR] Last year, when many people saw Disney's Frozen in theater, little did they know that a Mickey Mouse short would be playing before it. Known as Get a Horse, while it might not be as good as the classics, it still does a decent job of capturing the feel of the older Mickey Mouse shorts. Combining new and old techniques, it really added to the theater experience. My point is that, after watching the short, it's easy to see why Mickey Mouse won an Oscar. Even though his old cartoons might be a bit dated, the new technology can combine with the old ones, to create an experience that would appeal to a newer generation just as much as it would to those who grew up in the early 1900's. [PAR] Euroxati [PAR] Post 2 [PAR] @Hazali - While you do make some very good points, what caught my attention the most was when you mentioned that every main character needs a supporting cast. I wholeheartedly agree, especially with your references to Donald and Goofy. [PAR] Speaking of supporting characters, one thing that I've always thought possible was that Minnie was originally created as nothing more than a damsel in distress, and Pete was nothing more than Mickey's rival and foil. [PAR] After all, back in those days, there were a lot of black and white cartoons that centered around the main character having to rescue a female from train tracks, while the villain attempted to run her over. Perhaps Pete and Minnie were inspired from this. [PAR] Hazali [PAR] Post 1 [PAR] While I do enjoy reading these tidbits, some of this actually confuses me a bit. The article discusses the first non-human to win an Oscar, Mickey Mouse himself. However, this kind of leads me to wonder how this is possible, if he's not even alive in the first place. However, maybe I'm just over analyzing things. It might just be referring to the character and its inspiration winning an Oscar. [PAR] Regardless of whether I agree with this article or not, I'm not surprised that he won an Oscar, and even more so, he definitely deserved it. Love him or hate him, Mickey Mouse is certainly one of the most iconic characters in animation history. [PAR] It really makes you wonder what the animation industry would be like had Mickey Mouse never been created. Speaking of which, I do wonder when Donald Duck and Goofy came into play, as they're always seen tagging along with Mickey. Perhaps these characters came around after inspiration for the mouse. After all, every main character needs a supporting cast."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Montjuic Magic Fountain in Barcelona | Europe-Cities Montjuic Magic Fountain in Barcelona | Europe-Cities [PAR] Montjuic Magic Fountain in Barcelona [PAR] Join us on Facebook for easy access to What's on, up & wow in Europe. [PAR] Montjuic Magic Fountain in Barcelona [PAR] Europe Destinations > Spain > Cities in Spain > Barcelona > Montjuic Magic Fountain in Barcelona [PAR] A spectacular display of colour, light and water, the Montjuic Magic Fountain in Barcelona definitely lives up to its name. This is something that's better seen live, so don't hesitate to leave your Barcelona hotel room in the evening - you won't regret it! [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Hailing back to the days the 1929 Universal Expo, the magic fountain at montjuic is yet another remnant of the city\u2019s leftover glories from the expo. Perched upon the western slope of Montjuic beneath the national palace and overlooking Pla\u00e7a d\u2019Espanya, the fountain occupies a prime spot. [PAR] The combination of moving water jets, lights as well as all types of music from pop to classical and Flamenco, makes this fountain less magical but more entertaining. It might come across as a tacky tourist sport, but it must be said that it is actually worth seeing - at least once. One huge advantage, especially for travellers on a budget, is that this attraction is free. Of course you don\u2019t have to be on a budget to appreciate something that is free \u2013 and especially something so simple yet elegant and pleasing to the eye. It is also a very popular attraction for the kids! [PAR] The fountain was in danger of being left to rot and decay, but with the pre-olympic mass beautification of the city in the late eighties and early nineties, it was given a new lease of life. Even now if you happen to walk around the Montjuic precint during the day, the unattractive hole and depressing brown-grey piping you will encounter in the pit of the fountain is a stark contrast to the colourful spectacular on display after night falls. [PAR] The Magic fountain is itself the main centrepiece of a whole set of waterworks. From higher above, just below the National Palace, the waterworks start, with fountains, ponds and cascades. Further down the steps, more water, fountains and jets line the Maria Cristina esplanade all the way to the twin Venetian towers at Pla\u00e7a d\u2019Espanya . [PAR] The main fountain, in all its colourful glory, is very flexible and adaptable. It has on many occasions been lit up in the colours of a certain football team after one of its many victories. Surprisingly, this Catalan fountain recently beamed bright red in honour of national Spanish team\u2019s 2010 World Cup victory. [PAR] Some call it gawdy. Some call it magical. Make up your own mind. As soon as the sun sets during the summer months (May-September) the shows occur at half-hour intervals until midnight or 12:30 every Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. During the winter months the shows are only happen on Fridays and Saturdays after sunset. [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2004-2016 europe-cities.com[DOC] [TLE] Magic Fountain of Montjuic - Meet Barcelona Magic Fountain | Meet Barcelona [PAR] Magic Fountain [PAR] Oci i lleure [PAR] Magic Fountain [PAR] Montju\u00efc's Font M\u00e0gica, or Magic Fountain, was described as madness when the idea of building it for the International Exposition in 1929 was put forward but even today it is capable of impressing more than one visitor. Its games of light, water, colour and music offer one of the city's most attractive night-time shows and are the most admired feature in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Children's hospital set to lose rights to Peter Pan ... Children's hospital set to lose rights to Peter Pan | Business | The Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Time is running out for the boy who wouldn't grow up. Peter Pan's copyright expires at the end of the month ending a 70-year legacy for his custodians at Great Ormond Street children's hospital. [PAR] A vital source of funding for the hospital will come under threat from January 1 when Peter and his Neverland companions are thrust into the public domain. Author JM Barrie bequeathed all the rights to Peter Pan to the hospital in 1929 and they have provided badly needed funds ever since. [PAR] But with the 70th year after Barrie's death in 1937 coming to an end, Peter Pan will be fair game for any budding sequel writers and Great Ormond Street children's hospital will lose another chunk of revenues. [PAR] At the time of his bequest, newspapers estimated Barrie's gift would raise some \u00a32,000 each year for the hospital. But few suspected Peter would still be featuring in so many plays, books and films more than a century after Barrie's stage version was first performed at London's Duke of York's theatre in December 1904. [PAR] More than 10 feature films have been based on the story, including Hook, starring Robin Williams, and the more recent Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp as Barrie. [PAR] Typically when copyright expires on a book, play, song or artwork, it is a handful of the creator's relatives who stand to lose out. But the Peter Pan expiry \u2014 and the potential loss of funding for one of Britain's best-known hospitals \u2014 is likely to invigorate the copyright term debate. [PAR] When some order was first brought to global copyright under the Berne Convention of 1886, the intention was to reward authors and the first two generations of their descendants, explains Mark Owen, head of intellectual property at law firm Harbottle & Lewis. Copyright now expires 70 years after an author's death. [PAR] But in an age where characters and works survive for longer and in more media than ever before, copyright cut-off points are increasingly coming into question, he adds. [PAR] Peter Pan is a key example of a work which has had the full modern media treatment, with numerous print versions, films, animated features, TV programmes, stage adaptations and merchandise. [PAR] \"Expiry of the Peter Pan copyright is likely therefore to provide further fuel for the ongoing debate about how long copyright should last, and whether term of protection currently afforded by copyright law is long enough both to reward fairly the author's creativity and to enable adequate control of the work's legacy,\" says Owen. [PAR] For Great Ormond Street, however, a special UK legal exception makes the situation less dramatic than it might have been. [PAR] The various uses of Peter Pan that have given the hospital money throughout most of the years since Barrie's death in 1937, will continue in the UK at least thanks to former prime minister Jim Callaghan. [PAR] Encouraged by his wife Audrey, who was a chairwoman of Great Ormond Street, Callaghan successfully campaigned to get the UK's 1988 copyright act amended to give the hospital the unique right to royalties from stage performances of Peter Pan and any adaptation of the play forever. [PAR] That right continues in the UK beyond December 31 but elsewhere in Europe nothing will be owed on any stage performance, film, TV show or book. [PAR] \"Just like any other major classic [such as]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cobb Salad Recipe | SAVEUR 1\u20442 head iceberg lettuce, cored and shredded [PAR] 1\u20442 head romaine lettuce, chopped [PAR] 1\u20442 bunch watercress, some of the stems trimmed, chopped [PAR] 2 oz. blue cheese, preferably Roquefort, crumbled [PAR] 6 strips cooked bacon, roughly chopped [PAR] 3 hard-boiled eggs, peeled and cut into 1\u20442\" cubes [PAR] 2 medium tomatoes, peeled, seeded, and cut into 1\u20442\" cubes [PAR] 1 boneless skinless chicken breast, cooked and cut into 1\u20442\" cubes [PAR] 1 avocado, peeled, pitted, and cut into 1\u20442\" cubes [PAR] Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste [PAR] 2 tbsp. minced chives [PAR] Instructions [PAR] Make the dressing: Combine the canola oil, olive oil, vinegar, lemon juice, mustard, Worcestershire, sugar, and garlic in a blender. Pur\u00e9e the ingredients to make a smooth dressing and season with salt and pepper. Set the dressing aside (or refrigerate, covered, for up to 1 week). [PAR] Make the salad: On a large platter, combine the iceberg and romaine lettuces along with the watercress. Arrange the blue cheese, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, chicken, and avocado on top of the greens in neat rows. To serve, drizzle salad with dressing, season with salt and pepper, and top with chives. Alternatively, toss everything together in a bowl. [PAR] Tags:[DOC] [TLE] Cobb Salad Recipe, How To Make Cobb Salad, Brown Derby ... Cobb Salad Recipe, Whats Cooking America [PAR] 1/3 cup extra-virgin olive oil [PAR] Several long chive lengths for garnish [PAR] [PAR] Instructions: [PAR] Cut the hard-cooked eggs into 1/2-inch dice. Set aside. [PAR] In a large frying pan over medium heat, fry the bacon about 10 minutes or until crisp; transfer to paper towels to drain. When cool, crumble and set aside. [PAR] Make a bed of romaine lettuce on a platter, shallow bowl, or individual serving plates. Arrange the eggs, bacon, herbs, watercress, turkey or chicken, avocados, tomatoes, and the 1/4 pound Roquefort or blue cheese in a neat pattern atop the lettuce, in rows or in a checkerboard pattern (see photo above), covering the lettuce almost completely. [PAR] In a small bowl, whisk together the wine vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, mustard, garlic, salt, and pepper. Using a fork, mash in the remaining 1 ounce Roquefort cheese to make a paste. While whisking, slowly drizzle in the olive oil to form a thick dressing. [PAR] Pour a little of the dressing over the salad and garnish with chive lengths. [PAR] Serve immediately. Pass the remaining dressing at the table. [PAR] Makes 4 to 6 servings."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Snooker commentator 'Whispering' Ted Lowe dies at 90 ... Snooker commentator 'Whispering' Ted Lowe dies at 90 | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Ever since television began bringing live action to the masses in Britain, each sport has become associated with a commentating doyen. [PAR] Rugby union had Bill McLaren, racing Sir Peter O\u2019Sullevan, tennis Dan Maskell and cricket \u2014 somewhat curiously, though completely deservedly \u2014 a former Australian captain named Richie Benaud. [PAR] In snooker, it was Ted Lowe, or rather Whispering Ted Lowe, who died on Sunday at the age of 90, a few hours before the start of the World Championship final at The Crucible in Sheffield. I can still see him poking his head under a gradually lowering screen that divides one table from the other. [PAR] Voice of reason: Lowe was dubbed 'Whispering Ted' for his BBC commentaries [PAR] WORDS OF TRIBUTE [PAR] 'He had a lovely, lovely voice. To hear his voice and have him commentating on the 1985 final (when Taylor dramatically beat Steve Davis) makes it special. [PAR] 'No praise is high enough, I had such great times with him, and I couldn\u2019t have learned from anyone better.' [PAR] Dennis Taylor [PAR] He was a nondescript bespectacled little man, the son of a jockey, brought up in the horse racing heartland of Lambourn. But his hushed voice, born of necessity, and flair for economic description gained the indispensable qualities of instant recognition and viewer trust. [PAR] As he explained in a 2007 interview, Lowe whispered because his first broadcasts from the Leicester Square Hall, which he managed, came from among the spectators, four rows from the action to be precise. [PAR] \u2018I was scared to death commentating on Joe Davis, who was a god to me,\u2019 he recalled. \u2018Of course, sitting in the crowd I was terrified they would hear what I had to say, so I started whispering. The producer loved it.\u2019 [PAR] In our thoughts: Ken Doherty, John Parrott and Steve Davis join in a minute's applause in memory of Ted Lowe [PAR] WORDS OF TRIBUTE [PAR] 'He had an impish sense of humour and while cricket had its John Arlott, Wimbledon had its Dan Maskell, we had Ted Lowe. [PAR] 'He was one of the BBC greats. Those hushed tones, \u201cWhispering Ted\u201d \u2014 it\u2019s a sad day for snooker. He\u2019ll be sadly missed.' [PAR] John Virgo [PAR] So it stayed with him over half a century of commentating, from the early black and white days to the arrival of Pot Black, the advent of colour, that unforgettable final-black 1985 final between Dennis Taylor and Steve Davis watched by a record BBC2 audience of 18.5million and his ultimate retirement after the 1996 World Championship. [PAR] Inevitably, a few \u2018Colemanballs\u2019 also stayed with him to the end. [PAR] \u2018For those of you watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green,\u2019 is the most often repeated \u2014 so many times and with so many different colours involved that no-one seems to know the exact quotation. [PAR] Former glories: Dennis Taylor eyes a long pot during his memorable Crucible win over Steve Davis [PAR] WORDS OF TRIBUTE [PAR] 'He had been poorly for the last 10 weeks and had been in a hospice for the last week. [PAR] 'For two days I never left his side, but I could see he was slowly going. [PAR] 'He still loved snooker and was watching it on TV this week.' [PAR] Jean Lowe (Lowe\u2019s widow, to whom he had been married for 21 years). [PAR] 'The audience are literally"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arctophile | Define Arctophile at Dictionary.com Arctophile | Define Arctophile at Dictionary.com [PAR] arctophile [PAR] a person who is very fond of and is usually a collector of teddy bears. [PAR] Origin of arctophile [PAR] < Greek arkto-, combining form of arkt\u00f3s bear + -phile [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for arctophile [PAR] Expand [PAR] a person who collects teddy bears or is fond of them [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C20: from Greek arktos bear + -phile [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What do you call a baby beaver? | Reference.com What do you call a baby beaver? | Reference.com [PAR] What do you call a baby beaver? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Baby beavers are called kittens, or \"kits\" for short. Female beavers give birth to litters of two to five kits. Newborn kits stay inside their lodge for the first month of life. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Beavers live in a family unit for the first two years of their lives. Beavers typically mate and give birth to new litters every year. For this reason, beaver lodges usually house several generations of the animals at any given time. This works well for these animals because they are very social and work well together as a family unit. After two years, baby beavers are forced out of the lodge to begin life on their own.[DOC] [TLE] Baby Beavers | Beaver Kits | Beaver Families Baby Beavers | Beaver Kits | Beaver Families [PAR] HOME ... Animals ... Beavers [PAR] Baby Beaver [PAR] Baby beavers are called kits, or kittens. They are usually born in litters of two to five animals. They remain in the lodge for the first month of life, and then stay with their parents in a family group for two years. [PAR] Since a pair of beavers will typically have kits each year, it is common for families to consist of an adult pair of animals plus last year\u2019s kits and this year kits. Beavers are very social and work together as a family. [PAR] The baby beavers have a great advantage in staying with their parents for two years. They learn well how to forage for food and how to build a lodge. One-year-old beavers are able to do these things, but they are smaller and weaker than adults and may need assistance to survive. Two-year-olds are nearly independent, but still gain from working together with the parents and family group. [PAR] After the baby beavers reach two years of age they are forced out of the colony and must set off to find a new home. Often this is what has happened when customers call us and say a beaver has taken up residence on their property. It is simply a youngster setting out on its own for the first time and establishing a new home. [PAR] We can help with removing the beaver from your property. Call Allstate Animal Control at 1-888-488-7720. [PAR] Select a State"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] White House To Renovate Bowling Alley - TIME White House To Renovate Bowling Alley [PAR] AP President Harry S. Truman rolls one down the alley at the formal opening of the White House bowling alley on April 19, 1947 in Washington. [PAR] What deficit? [PAR] This post has been updated: [PAR] The exclusive bowling lanes reserved for White House employees and their guests are getting an upgrade. [PAR] According to a federal contractor posting , the General Services Administration is seeking to modernize the 1940s-era lanes, which were first located in the West Wing near what is now the Situation Room. The two-lane Harry S. Truman Bowling Alley was moved to the Eisenhower Executive Office Building in 1955 for the use of White House staffers. [PAR] The bowling alley was recently photographed by POLITICO , which described \u201cchipped lanes and worn-out shoes\u201d in the basement getaway. \u201cIt has been fifteen years since these lanes have had any professional, industry standard maintenance, modifications, repairs or attention,\u201d the GSA wrote in the posting. \u201cThey are now irreparable.\u201d [PAR] The government is seeking to demolish the existing lanes and gutters in order to repair the aging substructure, and replace the wood lanes with synthetic ones. [PAR] \u201cThe objective here is to replace the current, damaged and out dated lanes, approaches, pin setter platform (or pin deck) and gutters with new and modern products,\u201d the GSA added. \u201cSpecifically for the lanes, approach and pin deck, installing phenolic synthetic (or \u201cgreen\u201d) material. Any and all replacement items will meet industry standard specifications, including variance tolerance set forth by the USBC (United States Bowling Congress). Contractor shall ensure proper repairs are made to the sub structure (as needed to meet USBC specifications), if any are found.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIt could use [the renovations],\u201d one recent bowler told TIME on the condition his name not be used. \u201cIt\u2019s quaint and feels old. There\u2019s no electric scoreboard, so you have to score by hand\u2014which is just debilitating when you\u2019re focused on bowling a 300 like I am.\u201d [PAR] Some sections of the demolished bowling lanes will be turned into \u201ccustom frames\u201d by the GSA. [PAR] The EEOB is located inside the 18-acre White House compound, just steps across West Executive Drive from the West Wing. A separate one-lane bowling alley lies under the North Portico of the White House and was added by avid bowler-in-chief Richard Nixon in 1969 for use by the First Family and guests. [PAR] It is not clear how much the new bowling lanes will cost. A White House spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment. [PAR] UPDATE: 7:40 p.m.: A White House official tells TIME that the bowling alley renovation will no longer be moving forward. A cancellation notice to the bid solicitation was posted by the GSA late Wednesday. Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus criticized the White House\u2019s priorities in a tweet Wednesday. [PAR] . @BarackObama \u2019s priorities: T\u0336h\u0336e\u0336 \u0336E\u0336c\u0336o\u0336n\u0336o\u0336m\u0336y\u0336 \u0336S\u0336e\u0336c\u0336u\u0336r\u0336e\u0336 \u0336b\u0336o\u0336r\u0336d\u0336e\u0336r\u0336 \u0336 Repair WH Bowling Alley\u2713 http://t.co/2uVNVRmDvm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] will.i.am | Music News and Videos - Yahoo Music will.i.am | Music News and Videos - Yahoo Music [PAR] Sexy, Electronic/Dance, Rap/Hip-Hop, Pop, Pop Rap, Dance Pop, Miscellaneous [PAR] Biography: [PAR] William James Adams, Jr. (born March 15, 1975), better known by his stage name will.i. am (\"will I am\") is an American rapper, musician, songwriter, singer, entrepreneur, actor, DJ and producer. He came to prominence in the late 1990s as a member of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas The group consists of rappers will.i. am, apl. de. ap, and Taboo, and singer Fergie. Since the release of their third album Elephunk in 2003, the group has sold an estimated 56 million records worldwide. LessWilliam James Adams, Jr. (born March 15, 1975), better known by his stage name will.i. am (\"will I am\") is an American rapper, \u2026 More [PAR] Yahoo Music[DOC] [TLE] Will.I.Am music - Listen Free on Jango || Pictures, Videos ... Will.I.Am music - Listen Free on Jango || Pictures, Videos, Albums, Bio, Fans [PAR] Biography Read More [PAR] William James Adams Jr, (born March 15, 1975), better known by his stage name Will.i.am (will-i-am) and occasionally by his other stage name Zuper Blahq, is an American rapper, musician, songwriter, singer, actor, producer, and director of creative Innovation for Intel. Will.i.am came to prominence in the 1990s as a member of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas along with rappers apl.de.ap and Taboo and, later, singer Fergie. As a music producer, he has produced with other artists including Michael Jackso... [PAR] Biography from Wikipedia"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] snookergames: Answers to submitted questions - Page 10 snookergames: Answers to submitted questions - Page 10 [PAR] Posted on 19th May 2001 by Sue Creamer of Portsmouth. [PAR] Can anyone give me a list of all the snooker shots? [PAR] This list of 40 may not be complete, if you can add to it please make contact snookergames. [PAR] The two most obvious are 'pots' and 'safety' shots. When the pot is played with great strength it is known as a 'forcing' (or 'power') shot. If the pot is played to pocket the ball in one side of the pocket or the other it is described as trying to 'force an angle'. Safety shots can be described as either 'attacking', when the opponent is left with a very difficult shot; or 'containing' or 'defensive', where the opponent can play an easy safety in return. The best safety shot of course is a 'snooker', and when you are snookered you have to play an 'escape' shot. [PAR] To make the next shot easier you would be playing 'position'. When playing for the cue-ball to strike another ball or balls after the one you strike first, you would be playing for a 'cannon' or a 'kiss'. To strike the same object-ball twice (usually on a rebound from a cushion) would be a 'double-kiss'. To play one object-ball onto another is a 'plant'. [PAR] By playing to rebound an object-ball from a cushion into the (usually centre) pocket, would be a 'double', variations of which include the 'double-double' (or 'treble'), 'reverse-double' and the 'cocked-hat'. [PAR] By striking the cue-ball above centre you would be playing a 'run-through', by striking dead centre (or slightly above) you would be playing a 'plain ball', 'stun' or 'stun run-through'. Striking below centre, you can play 'screw', 'deep screw', 'slow screw' and 'drag'. Playing left or right of centre would be a 'side' shot. [PAR] By striking down on the cue-ball (with the cue at about 45\u00b0 or less) you would be playing a 'swerve'. With the cue from about 45\u00b0 to vertical, you can play the 'mass\u00e9' and 'piqu\u00e9'. [PAR] The 'mass\u00e9' forces the cue-ball to curve by a combination of back-spin and side-spin. If the 'mass\u00e9' is played without resting the bridge-hand on the table, it is termed a 'grand mass\u00e9'. The 'piqu\u00e9' stroke is a screw shot played with a vertical cue, when the balls are so close that there is not enough room to follow through with the cue [PAR] held horizontally. [PAR] Until 1934 snookering behind a free ball was a legitimate stroke. Playing softly to roll the cue-ball up to touch the free ball was known as the 'Crawl' stroke. [PAR] And last but not least there are the:- [PAR] 'foul', 'fluke', 'in-off', 'jump', 'miss' and 'miscue'. [PAR] Contributed by David Christmas of Doncaster on 9th March 2002. [PAR] Here are four more:- The 'Push' shot, 'Check' & 'Running' side, and the 'Break' shot. [PAR] Posted on 9th May 2001 by Mark Kerridge of Hadleigh. [PAR] The Pink and Black Ball are the only balls on the table. The player pots the pink, but the cue ball also gets potted. In this situation, as well as the cue ball being placed in the 'D', would the pink be respotted or would it stay down? [PAR] The pink would be respotted, it cannot be legally potted when a foul is made in the same stroke. The offending player would score nothing for the shot, and his opponent would have six points added to his score. [PAR] Posted on 2nd May 2001"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] YETTY CREATIVITY YETTY CREATIVITY [PAR] YETTY CREATIVITY [PAR] It's all about nature right here. Be it real pictures or drawings [PAR] Monday, 15 June 2015 [PAR] BIRDS FOUND IN NIGERIA... [PAR] It will surprise you to know that there are about 940 species of bird in Nigeria, which are classified as ENDEMIC and ACCIDENTAL. [PAR] According to checklist of Birds of the World, Accidental birds are not endemic to Nigeria they just happen to be found here! And amazingly way more than the endemic ones! [PAR] Endemic birds are therefore, birds specifically found in Nigeria, and they are grouped into FOUR namely: [PAR] THE IBADAN MALIMBE [PAR] The Ibadan malimbe (Malimbus ibadanensis) is a rare species of Bird. [PAR] It is endemic to Nigeria , where it is known only from the southwestern part of the country. It was first discovered in 1951 and was common at one point, but forest clearing made it rare. [PAR] Identification [PAR] The bird is about 20 centimeters long. The male is black with a red head and breast. The female has smaller red areas. [PAR] The bird forages in pairs or small groups, sometimes alongside the red-headed malimbe (Malimbus rubricollis). [PAR] Habitat [PAR] It lives in forest and woodland habitat, including degraded areas. [PAR] [PAR] THE ANAMBRA WAXBILL [PAR] The Anambra waxbill (Estrilda poliopareia) is another specie of bird found in wetter land of southern Nigeria . [PAR] Identification [PAR] The anambra waxbill is approximately 12cm long. This species of a dun-coloured finch with reddish brown bill and rump. If looked at closely, it has very fine barring on it upper parts, sides of breast and flanks, with unusual pal eyes. It has a typical waxbill-like tzzt... call. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] The Anambra waxbill lives in small flocks of up to 20 birds or more. It appears to be found at southern Nigeria , and is known with certainty from only five reported sightings. It is usually found in long grass along rivers, lagoon sandbanks, marshes, swamps and forest. It feeds principally on grass seeds taken from seedheads. [PAR] ROCK FIREFINCH [PAR] The Rock firefinch (Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis) is another specie found in northern Nigeria . It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 29,000 km\u00b2. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern . [PAR] Identification [PAR] The Rock firefinch has a blue-grey bill, red back in the male and reddish brown back in the female and juvenile and broad primaries in both the adult and juvenile. [PAR] [PAR] Location [PAR] It is commonly found in bushy and rocky outcrops on the Jos Plateau . It probably feeds on grass seeds. Yea, think i remember this particular bird while in Jos!!!! [PAR] [PAR] JOS PLATEAU INDIGOBIRD [PAR] The Jos Plateau indigobird (Vidua maryae) is a species of bird in the Viduidae family. Also endemic to Nigeria . [PAR] It lays its eggs in the nest of the rock firefinch which is also restricted to Nigeria. Because of their inability to incubate their eggs, they lay their eggs in the nest of the rock firefinch and then take away the exact number of laid eggs from the host bird in order to avoid suspicion from the host bird . After hatching they exhibit dominance against the hatchlings of the rock firefinchers. [PAR] Their breeding seasons are all round the year but more pronounced during the cold Harmattan period between July and December. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Its natural habitats are dry woodland and shrubland in rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss . [PAR] If you want to know"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Happy Gilmore (1996) - IMDb Happy Gilmore (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A rejected hockey player puts his skills to the golf course to save his grandmother's house. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 24 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 13 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 18 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 16 Jun 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Happy Gilmore \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] In order to inherit his fed up father's hotel empire, an immature and lazy man must repeat grades 1-12 all over again. [PAR] Director: Tamra Davis [PAR] A waterboy for a college football team discovers he has a unique tackling ability and becomes a member of the team. [PAR] Director: Frank Coraci [PAR] A sweet-natured, small-town guy inherits a controlling stake in a media conglomerate and begins to do business his way. [PAR] Director: Steven Brill [PAR] Prison inmates form a football team to challenge the prison guards. [PAR] Director: Peter Segal [PAR] Robbie, a singer, and Julia, a waitress, are both engaged, but to the wrong people. Fortune intervenes to help them discover each other. [PAR] Director: Frank Coraci [PAR] A workaholic architect finds a universal remote that allows him to fast-forward and rewind to different parts of his life. Complications arise when the remote starts to overrule his choices. [PAR] Director: Frank Coraci [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.8/10 X [PAR] Henry Roth is a man afraid of commitment up until he meets the beautiful Lucy. They hit it off and Henry think he's finally found the girl of his dreams, until he discovers she has short-term memory loss and forgets him the very next day. [PAR] Director: Peter Segal [PAR] After their high school basketball coach passes away, five good friends and former teammates reunite for a Fourth of July holiday weekend. [PAR] Director: Dennis Dugan [PAR] A group of misfits enter a Las Vegas dodgeball tournament in order to save their cherished local gym from the onslaught of a corporate health fitness chain. [PAR] Director: Rawson Marshall Thurber [PAR] Dave Buznik is a businessman who is wrongly sentenced to an anger-management program, where he meets an aggressive instructor. [PAR] Director: Peter Segal [PAR] Two straight, single Brooklyn firefighters pretend to be a gay couple in order to receive domestic partner benefits. [PAR] Director: Dennis Dugan [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6/10 X [PAR] #1 NASCAR driver Ricky Bobby stays atop the heap thanks to a pact with his best friend and teammate, Cal Naughton, Jr. But when a French Formula One driver, makes his way up the ladder, Ricky Bobby's talent and devotion are put to the test. [PAR] Director: Adam McKay [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A Hockey player wannabe finds out that he has the most"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our Language | The Official Site of The Bahamas Our Language | The Official Site of The Bahamas [PAR] Our Language [PAR] Bahamian English [PAR] Our friendly nature makes it easy to strike up a conversation with a Bahamian. Try it for yourself. English is our official language. Although, you might hear Bahamian English. It\u2019s a mixture of Queen\u2019s diction, African influence and island dialect. The \u201ch\u201d is often dropped, so it sounds like \u201couse\u201d for \u201chouse\u201d or \u201ct\u2019anks\u201d for \u201cthanks.\u201d [PAR] Our dialect and idioms were influenced by African slaves, English Puritans and other settlers. Because of this combination, you will hear a unique language found only on The Islands Of The Bahamas. For instance, if you hear \u201cday clean\u201d they mean \u201cdaybreak\u201d and \u201cfirst fowl crow\u201d means the first cry a rooster makes in the morning. These idioms are typical of Bahamian English."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lakeside: How a 'white stiletto' shopping centre defied ... Lakeside: How a 'white stiletto' shopping centre defied doubters - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Lakeside: How a 'white stiletto' shopping centre defied doubters [PAR] By Jodie Smith BBC News [PAR] 24 October 2015 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Lakeside in West Thurrock, Essex, was one of the country's first out-of-town shopping centres [PAR] The late 1980s and early 1990s saw a raft of out-of-town shopping centres open their doors for the first time. Essex, a county with a reputation for flashing the cash, became home to Lakeside exactly a quarter of a century ago. Once scoffed at for its \"white stiletto\" stereotype, Lakeside went on to star in a hit TV docusoap and now boasts a burgeoning collection of high-end retailers. [PAR] With two million square feet of weather-proof shop floor, Lakeside represented a \"pioneering\" new style of shopping for millions of people in south-east England. [PAR] Richard Belt was the centre's general manager from 1993 to 2000, and remembers the thrill of the first few years. [PAR] \"There was a huge amount of excitement about changing the game of shopping in the UK. From customers, whilst there was curiosity, there was also huge interest,\" he said. [PAR] But introducing shoppers and retailers to the idea of a landmark shopping centre in Essex was not all plain sailing. [PAR] Image caption Richard Belt was Lakeside's general manager for seven years and appeared in the docusoap \"Lakesiders\" [PAR] Mr Belt recalls how it was \"initially a challenge for the upmarket brands to see Lakeside as their sort of environment\". [PAR] \"You've got The Only Way Is Essex now, but in a way Lakeside had the 'white stiletto' view about it then. That's what everyone thought about Essex girls,\" he said. [PAR] \"Part of the challenge we had from a retailer perspective is that people were coming from all over the place, not just Essex. [PAR] \"There was a lack of knowledge about how regional centres worked in terms of where people were coming from. [PAR] \"We had to get the message across about the '90-minute drive-time' shoppers, not just the white stilettos.\" [PAR] Image caption The centre was initially decorated with \"in vogue\" plant life [PAR] Image caption The plants have now been replaced with sleek modern surfaces and fittings [PAR] In 1998, the shopping centre took centre stage on the nation's TV screens when the BBC made a docusoap entitled \"Lakesiders\". [PAR] Eight episodes followed the fortunes of shop staff, the centre manager and event organisers, watched by about nine million people each week. [PAR] \"It was a very interesting experience to go through at the time. There's no doubt it helped us,\" Mr Belt said. [PAR] \"It was the first time people had been aware that we had control rooms, security guards monitoring what was happening. [PAR] \"The year after broadcast, shoplifting and crime plummeted because people had seen how we controlled things.\" [PAR] Image caption Some of those who starred in the 1998 BBC docusoap \"Lakesiders\" [PAR] Fast-forward to 2015, and upmarket brands like Kurt Geiger, Tag Heuer and Mac have opened branches in the centre, which is now called intu Lakeside. [PAR] Marc Myers, who took up the post of general manager nine months ago, said he was \"delighted with the mix of shops we've got\". [PAR] \"There are some retailers who talk about things that I think are very much in the past about Essex and Lakeside,\" he said. [PAR] \"When people do venture out and come here and see the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Despicable Me (2010) - IMDb Despicable Me (2010) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] When a criminal mastermind uses a trio of orphan girls as pawns for a grand scheme, he finds their love is profoundly changing him for the better. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 24 Nov 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 20 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 04 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 06 Sep 2014 [PAR] Search for \" Despicable Me \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 3 wins & 38 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When Gru, the world's most super-bad turned super-dad has been recruited by a team of officials to stop lethal muscle and a host of Gru's own, He has to fight back with new gadgetry, cars, and more minion madness. [PAR] Directors: Pierre Coffin, Chris Renaud [PAR] Stars: Steve Carell, Kristen Wiig, Benjamin Bratt [PAR] The Dragon Warrior has to clash against the savage Tai Lung as China's fate hangs in the balance: However, the Dragon Warrior mantle is supposedly mistaken to be bestowed upon an obese panda who is a tyro in martial arts. [PAR] Directors: Mark Osborne, John Stevenson [PAR] Stars: Jack Black, Ian McShane, Angelina Jolie [PAR] After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] A family of undercover superheroes, while trying to live the quiet suburban life, are forced into action to save the world. [PAR] Director: Brad Bird [PAR] Spoiled by their upbringing and unaware of what wildlife really is, four animals from the New York Central Zoo escape, unwittingly assisted by four absconding penguins, and find themselves in Madagascar. [PAR] Directors: Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath [PAR] Stars: Chris Rock, Ben Stiller, David Schwimmer [PAR] A rat who can cook makes an unusual alliance with a young kitchen worker at a famous restaurant. [PAR] Directors: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava [PAR] Stars: Brad Garrett, Lou Romano, Patton Oswalt [PAR] Set during the Ice Age, a sabertooth tiger, a sloth, and a wooly mammoth find a lost human infant, and they try to return him to his tribe. [PAR] Directors: Chris Wedge, Carlos Saldanha [PAR] Stars: Denis Leary, John Leguizamo, Ray Romano [PAR] A hot-shot race-car named Lightning McQueen gets waylaid in Radiator Springs, where he finds the true meaning of friendship and family. [PAR] Directors: John Lasseter, Joe Ranft [PAR] Stars: Owen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Schumacher - 1994, 1995, 2000-2004 - Formula 1 Michael Schumacher - 1994, 1995, 2000-2004 [PAR] Michael Schumacher [PAR] Share [PAR] Since the Formula One World Drivers' Championship began in 1950 the title has been won by 32 different drivers, 15 of whom won more than one championship. Of the multiple champions the most prolific was Juan Manuel Fangio, whose record of five titles stood for five decades until it was eclipsed by the most successful driver in the sport's history. Seven times a champion, Michael Schumacher also holds nearly every scoring record in the book by a considerable margin. Though his ethics were sometimes questioned, as was his decision to make a comeback after retiring, his sheer dominance when in his prime is beyond doubt... [PAR] Next Previous Enlarge [PAR] 1 / 7 [PAR] Spa, August 1991: Michael Schumacher made his Formula One debut with Jordan at the Belgian Grand Prix. He qualified a sensational seventh, but then went out on lap one with clutch failure. \u00a9 Sutton \u00a9 No reproduction without permission. [PAR] Adelaide, November 1991: After one race with Jordan Michael Schumacher switched to Benetton. He scored points with them on his first appearance. At the Australian Grand Prix he retired after colliding with his team mate. \u00a9 Schlegelmilch \u00a9 No reproduction without permission. [PAR] Montreal, June 1994: After winning the opening four rounds of the season, Michael Schumacher then took his fifth victory in six races at the Canadian Grand Prix at the wheel of the Benetton B194. \u00a9 Sutton \u00a9 No reproduction without permission. [PAR] Adelaide, November 1994: Michael Schumacher before he controversially collided with championship rival Damon Hill at the season ending Australian Grand Prix. Both drivers retired, handing Schumacher his first world title. \u00a9 Sutton \u00a9 No reproduction without permission. [PAR] Monza, September 1995: Michael Schumacher is restrained by a marshal as he remonstrates with Damon Hill after the Englishman took them both out of the Italian Grand Prix. Hill subsequently received a suspended one-race ban. \u00a9 Sutton \u00a9 No reproduction without permission. [PAR] Adelaide, November 1995: Michael Schumacher crashed out of the Australian Grand Prix on lap 26. It was of little consequence as he had wrapped up his second world championship two races earlier. \u00a9 Sutton \u00a9 No reproduction without permission. [PAR] Monte Carlo, May 1996: Michael Schumacher moved to Ferrari as reigning champion. After starting on pole he would retire from the Monaco Grand Prix. However, his first victory for the team came at the next round in Spain. \u00a9 Sutton \u00a9 No reproduction without permission. [PAR] Info Close [PAR] The most extraordinary driver's origins were most ordinary. He was born on 3 January, 1969, near Cologne, Germany, six years before his brother Ralf, who would also become a Formula One driver of note. Their father, a bricklayer, ran the local kart track, at Kerpen, where Mrs Schumacher operated the canteen. As a four-year old Michael enjoyed playing on a pedal kart, though when his father fitted it with a small motorcycle engine the future superstar promptly crashed into a lamppost. But Michael quickly mastered his machine and won his first kart championship at six, following which his far from affluent parents arranged sponsorship from wealthy enthusiasts that enabled Michael to make rapid progress. By 1987 he was German and European kart champion and had left school to work as an apprentice car mechanic, a job that was soon replaced by full-time employment as a race driver. In 1990 he won the German F3 championship and was hired by Mercedes to drive sportscars. The next year he made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Niagara Falls, Ontario Buildings: List of ... Famous Niagara Falls, Ontario Buildings: List of Architecture in Niagara Falls, Ontario \u2013 Landmarks/Buildings-9 Items- [PAR] List of Famous Niagara Falls, Ontario Buildings & Structures [PAR] 1.8k views 9 items tags f t p @ [PAR] List of the famous landmarks that make up the Niagara Falls, Ontario skyline, listed alphabetically with photos when available. Niagara Falls, Ontario architectural landmarks as well as other major buildings, dwellings, and other structures in Niagara Falls, Ontario are included on this list. Information about these Niagara Falls, Ontario buildings is included on this list, such as when the building first opened and what architectural style it falls under. List includes both new buildings in Niagara Falls, Ontario and older historic landmarks. [PAR] List features buildings like Rainbow Bridge, Whirlpool Rapids Bridge. [PAR] This list answers the question, \"What are the most famous buildings in Niagara Falls, Ontario?\" [PAR] This is a good reference for research into the historical architecture in Niagara Falls , Ontario. Famous architectural houses within the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario are included as well, sometimes by address, other times listed by the name of the original home owner. [PAR] List Photo: Freebase /Public domain [PAR] Z [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed [PAR] 1[DOC] [TLE] Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls) : Map (The Full Wiki) Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls) : Map (The Full Wiki) [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls): Map [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Top rankings for Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls) [PAR] 41st [PAR] is an international steel arch bridge across the Niagara River [PAR] gorge, and is a world-famous tourist site. It connects the cities of Niagara Falls [PAR] Construction [PAR] The Rainbow Bridge was built near the site of the earlier Honeymoon Bridge [PAR] , which had collapsed on January 27, 1938, due to an ice jam in the river.A joint Canadian and American commission had already been considering a new bridge to replace it, the collapse of which gave added urgency. [PAR] A design by architect Richard (Su Min) Lee was chosen (and later used again for the Lewiston-Queenston Bridge [PAR] , approximately downriver). King George VI and Queen Elizabeth , during their visit to Niagara Falls as part of the 1939 Royal Tour of Canada , dedicated the site of the Rainbow Bridge; a monument was erected to commemorate the occasion. Construction began in May of 1940 . The bridge was officially opened on November 1, 1941. [PAR] The New York State Department of Transportation [PAR] designates the bridge New York State Reference Route 955A (though it is unsigned), while the Ontario Ministry of Transportation designates the bridge as part of Highway 420 , even though it is separated from the rest of the route by a regional road. On the American side, a number of state and national routes end at a set of intersections in front of the bridge. New York routes 104 and 384 , as well as the northern section of the Robert Moses State Parkway , all terminate at the final intersection before the bridge, and none of the designations passes onto the bridge itself. U.S. Route 62 terminates two blocks north at route 104, which then continues to the bridge. [PAR] The complex on the Canadian side of the Rainbow Bridge features the Rainbow Tower , which houses a large carillon that sounds several times daily. [PAR] The bridge permits no commercial trucks; the nearest border crossing for these is the Lewiston-Queenston Bridge. [PAR] The pedestrian toll is 50 cents USD or Canadian to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Know your Butler from your Belfast | Period Home and Garden Know your Butler from your Belfast | Period Home and Garden [PAR] Period Home and Garden [PAR] Know your Butler from your Belfast [PAR] May 20, 2014 [PAR] by Sara Claridge [PAR] More of a London than a Belfast Sink, but I think the new Domsjo from Ikea will be a hit. [PAR] What\u2019s the difference between a Butler and Belfast sink? The truth is not a lot. The Belfast is just a type of sink once found in the Butler\u2019s pantry. The butler was responsible for the best glassware and so forth, and so required a sink with a waste and an overflow. [PAR] Some suggest that the London sink pattern, which was normally shallower and without an overflow, was used by butlers in London where water was in short supply, but I\u2019ve found there is little evidence to support this claim. Taking water from the Thames meant there was plenty, not that you\u2019d probably want to drink it back then. [PAR] The later half of the 18th century and the early part of the 19th century saw a huge expansion in the supply of piped water throughout London. To cope with the increase in sewage, from 1815 onwards, properties were allowed to connect their cesspools and household drainage directly into the sewage system that emptied into the Thames. By 1848, the problem of ineffective or unemptied cesspools became so critical that connection to the main system became mandatory. [PAR] Water closets also placed an even greater strain on London\u2019s sewage system after they were popularised by the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to Bill Bryson\u2019s At Home , by the mid 1850s around two hundred thousand flush toilets were in use in London. The situation came to a head in 1858 with the Great Stink, a particularly warm summer when even Parliament couldn\u2019t stand to be in session next to the Thames. In addition, Cholera outbreaks with high mortality rates were happening with alarming regularity and suspicion was already falling on the way sewage was handled when John Snow, a British physician, confirmed his theory by removing the handle of the water pump at Broad Street, stopping a cholera outbreak almost overnight. [PAR] In the mid 1860s a Royal Commission looked into the state of the water supply. They considered drilling down beneath the clay for water, but based on evidence from a number of breweries that were already seeing levels drop in their own bore holes, it was decided a more sustainable approach was required. Plans were made to take water and filter it from the Thames, but upstream of the sewage being pumped back into it. [PAR] So whilst water wasn\u2019t exactly appetising in London, it wasn\u2019t it short supply. I think a more likely explanation is that the shallower London sink was used in the scullery where water was just allowed to drain away and so didn\u2019t require an overflow, than in the butler\u2019s pantry. [PAR] A traditional Belfast sink, once found in the Butler\u2019s pantry. [PAR] However, the Belfast butler\u2019s sink did become very popular as a sink pattern and by the 1920s it was even included in housing specifications. This is partly because it\u2019s deep size made it very practical for washing clothes in, as well as the baby, but also because the open weir overflow could be easily cleaned with a brush, ensuring germs couldn\u2019t build up undetected as they had done so in the past. [PAR] Related posts:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edward, The Black Prince - MindSerpent Edward, The Black Prince [PAR] Edward, The Black Prince [PAR] Armorial of Plantagenet [PAR] Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG (15 June 1330 \u0096 8 June 1376), popularly known as the Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, and father to King Richard II of England. Edward, an effective military leader and popular during his life, died one year before his father and so never ruled as king (becoming the first English Prince of Wales to suffer that fate). The throne passed instead to his son Richard, a minor, upon the death of Edward III. [PAR] Life [PAR] Edward, Prince of Wales was born on June 15, 1330 at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire. [PAR] Titles [PAR] Edward was created Earl of Chester in 1333, Duke of Cornwall in 1337 (the first creation of an English duke) and finally invested as Prince of Wales in 1343. Edward served as a symbolic regent for periods in 1339, 1340, and 1342 while Edward III was on campaign. He was expected to attend all council meetings, and he performed the negotiations with the papacy about the war in 1337. He was given the lordship of Biscay by Pedro of Castile in 1367. [PAR] Marriage and issue [PAR] Edward had been raised with his cousin Joan, \"The Fair Maid of Kent\" (Edward I was Joan's grandfather and Edward's great\u0096grandfather). Edward gained Innocent VI's papal permission and absolution for this marriage to a blood\u0096relative (as had Edward III when marrying Philippa of Hainaut, being her second cousin) and married Joan in 10 October 1361 at Windsor Castle, prompting some controversy, mainly because of Joan's chequered marital history and the fact that marriage to an Englishwoman wasted an opportunity to form an alliance with a foreign power. [PAR] When in England, Edward's chief residence was at Wallingford Castle in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). [PAR] During this period, he fathered two sons: Edward (27 January 1365 \u0096 1372), who died at the age of 6; and Richard, who would later rule as Richard II of England. [PAR] Adult life [PAR] A painted carving on the main gate of Oriel College, [PAR] Oxford depicting the emblem of the Prince of Wales [PAR] View on chivalry [PAR] Edward lived in a century of decline for the knightly ideal of chivalry. The formation of the Order of the Garter, an English royal order of which Edward was a founding member, signified a shift towards patriotism and away from the crusader mentality that characterized England in the previous two centuries. Edward's stance in this evolution is seemingly somewhat divided. Edward displayed obedience to typical chivalric obligations through his pious contributions to Canterbury Cathedral throughout his life. [PAR] Edward the Black Prince from an illuminated manuscript [PAR] On one hand, after capturing John the Good and his youngest son at Poitiers, he treated them with great respect, at one point giving John leave to return home, and reportedly praying with John at Canterbury Cathedral. Notably, he also allowed a day for preparations before the Battle of Poitiers so that the two sides could discuss the coming battle with one another, and so that the Cardinal of Perigord could plead for peace. Though not agreeing with knightly charges on the battlefield, he also was devoted to tournament jousting. [PAR] On the other hand, his chivalric tendencies were overridden by pragmatism on many occasions. The Black Prince's repeated use of the chevauch\u00e9e strategy (burning and pillaging towns and farms) was not in keeping with contemporary notions of chivalry,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Family tree - BBC News Royal Family tree - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Four generations of royals are celebrating the Queen's 90th birthday. Find out more about the Royal Family below. [PAR] INTERACTIVE [PAR] Royal family: Line of succession [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 1948 [PAR] The Prince of Wales is the Queen\u2019s eldest son and first in line to the throne. On 29 July 1981 he married Lady Diana Spencer, who became the Princess of Wales. The couple had two sons, William and Harry. They later separated and their marriage was dissolved in 1996. On 31 August 1997 the Princess was killed in a car crash in Paris. Prince Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles on 9 April 2005. [PAR] Duke of Cambridge [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 1982 [PAR] Prince William is the eldest son of the Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales. The Duke was 15 years old when his mother was killed in a Paris car crash. He went on to study at St Andrews University, where he met his future wife, Kate Middleton. The couple were married in 2011. On his 21st birthday he was appointed a Counsellor of State \u2013 standing in for the Queen on official occasions. He and his wife had their first child, George, in July 2013. [PAR] Prince George of Cambridge [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 2013 [PAR] Prince George of Cambridge, was born at 16:24BST on Monday 22 July, 2013, at St Mary's hospital in west London. Prince William was present for the birth of his son, who weighed 8lb 6oz. Prince George is third in line to the throne, after his father and grandfather. His full name, George Alexander Louis, was announced two days after his birth. [PAR] Princess Charlotte of Cambridge [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 2015 [PAR] The Duchess of Cambridge gave birth to their second child, a baby girl, at 08:34 BST (07:34 GMT) on 2 May 2015 at St Mary's Hospital in London. The Duke of Cambridge was present for the birth of the 8lbs 3oz (3.7kg) baby. The duke and duchess named her Charlotte Elizabeth Diana. She is fourth in line to the throne and is known as Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cambridge. [PAR] Prince Harry [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 1984 [PAR] Prince Harry trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and went on to become a Lieutenant in the British Army, serving as a helicopter pilot. He has been a Counsellor of State since his 21st birthday, standing in for The Queen on official duties. [PAR] Prince Andrew, Duke of York [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 1960 [PAR] Prince Andrew was the third child of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh \u2013 but the first to be born to a reigning monarch for 103 years. He was created the Duke of York on his marriage to Sarah Ferguson, who became Duchess of York. They had two daughters - Beatrice was born in 1988 and Eugenie in 1990. In March 1992 it was announced that the duke and duchess were to separate and they divorced in 1996. [PAR] Princess Beatrice [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 1988 [PAR] Princess Beatrice is the elder daughter of Prince Andrew and Sarah, Duchess of York. Her full title is Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice of York. She has no official surname, but uses the name York. If she marries, she will retain her royal title, but will have the option of taking her husband\u2019s surname. [PAR] Princess Eugenie [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] Born: 1990 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Curling News: Chess on ice - blogspot.com The Curling News: Chess on ice [PAR] The Curling News [PAR] The official Blog of The Curling News, planet Earth's official voice on curling. Founded in Canada in 1957 and still the definitive authority on the sport today. Subscribe online at www.thecurlingnews.com [PAR] Friday, June 22, 2007 [PAR] Chess on ice. [PAR] Bah. [PAR] That comparison is something curling has had to deal with since the dawn of time. Much of it (but not all) is rubbish, but we have always wondered what actual chess players think... has anyone ever asked them about the comparison? Do chess players wrinkle their nose in disgust at the mere mention of curling? Has anyone ever offered that \u201cchess is like curling with multiple pieces, physical components and a very different playing surface\u201d? [PAR] Doubt it. [PAR] Kirsan Ilyumzhinov (photo) is the world chess federation chief, and in a May 31 interview on this website , he was asked about his sport\u2019s endless quest for Olympic inclusion: [PAR] Q: Are you still trying to bring chess into the Olympic family? [PAR] A: We are working on it every day. You probably know that we opened a FIDE office in Lausanne, getting closer to the IOC headquarters. We work in all the structures of the IOC \u2013 committees, IOC associations etc., and ask the IOC to state criteria for an international sports federation to join the Olympic family. They are reluctant to state it, and we keep pressing. [PAR] For example, why curling became an Olympic sport? When they applied for the status, they advertised curling as \u2018Chess on Ice\u2019. Isn\u2019t it absurd that chess on ice is an Olympic sport, and \u2018mere\u2019 chess is not? [PAR] Hmm. Sounds like the biggest problem may be that curlers, and curling mandarins, are guilty of using the comparison themselves. A lot. [PAR] Ilyumzhinov, by the way, is also president of the Republic of Kalmykia , a Russian subject, and according to various media reports faces persistent accusations of diverting his republic\u2019s resources for his own use, of human rights abuses, and of suppressing media freedom. [PAR] Oh, and he apparently claims to have once been abducted by space aliens. [PAR] Hey, we don\u2019t write all of this stuff; sometimes we just pass it on ... [PAR] Also: [PAR] \u2022 U.S. curling skips Deb McCormick and Pete Fenson were horsing around \u2013 er, bearing around \u2013 in Alberta recently and stumbled across a taping of the hunting TV show Canada in the Rough . In no time, the pair were caught on video \u2013 Deb fishing, Pete bear hunting \u2013 plus both sitting on a bear stakeout, and talking hunting. Oh, and there\u2019s a hot tub scene. Honest. [PAR] Will the curlers make the final cut? You can find out this Sunday, on Global Manitoba CKND at 7:30 AM, and on Global Ontario Sunday at 8:00 AM ... [PAR] Posted by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Name of the External Tissue on the Underside ... {{ voteCount >= 0 ? '+' + (voteCount + 1) : (voteCount + 1) }} [PAR] {{ voteCount >= 0 ? '+' + (voteCount + 1) : (voteCount + 1) }} [PAR] The nasal septum is the central structure inside the nose that divides the nasal cavity into left and right sides, and it is comprised of cartilage, bone, and mucous membranes on either side. The skin below the septum is the columella. You can actually pinch the skin of the columella and move it back and forth over the caudal (lower edge or \"tail\" end) of the septal cartilage. [PAR] The frenulum is the band of mucous membrane that runs from the midline of the lip to the gum inside your upper and lower lips. Another frenulum is the band on the underside of the tongue. [PAR] In non-medical terms, the columella is the skin that hangs down between your nostrils. This is where an incision is made for open rhinoplasty. Closed rhinoplasty uses incisions only inside the nostrils. [PAR] BTW, any physician (not just rhinoplasty surgeons) knows this anatomic definition is definitive. Hope that clears this up! Best wishes! Dr. Tholen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Death of the Reeperbahn: Hamburg's streets of shame ... Death of the Reeperbahn: Hamburg's streets of shame | The Independent [PAR] Europe [PAR] Death of the Reeperbahn: Hamburg's streets of shame [PAR] Times are changing in Germany's most famous red-light district &ndash; and the brothels that thrived for decades are closing their doors. Tony Paterson reports on a sexual revolution [PAR] Friday 21 March 2008 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] The inner sanctum of Hamburg's \"Mile of Sin\" looks as if it has been built to withstand a terrorist attack. Twelve-foot-high barricades block off both ends of the notorious Herbertstrasse brothel and large signs warn visitors: \"Under 18s and women \u2013 Verboten!\" Adult males have to squeeze through narrow doglegs in the barriers just to get into the street. [PAR] Past the barricades, about a dozen prostitutes in full pornographic regalia sit perched in narrow shop windows on shiny swivel chairs covered with Playboy towels. They look like kinky Barbie dolls. Each one has a little glass porthole in her window to help her negotiate with clients. [PAR] Last Tuesday at around 10pm the only punters on Herbertstrasse were two Asian men enjoying a fit of the giggles. They walked up and stared transfixed at the street's most spectacular exhibit \u2013 a full-blown Teutonic dominatrix in knee-high black leather boots, matching corset and a mane of hair that covered surreal breasts. The dominatrix did not bat an eyelid or even look up. She was too engrossed in the novel she was reading. [PAR] Controlled and legal prostitution \u2013 at least the kind that made Hamburg's Reeperbahn famous and profitable for decades \u2013 is dying in what still rates as one of the world's most famous red light districts. And if the scene witnessed on what is reputed to be the area's most titillating street brothel was anything to go by, even its practitioners have become bored with the idea of organised sex for sale. [PAR] The message was driven home explicitly less than a week ago with the announcement that Hamburg's oldest brothel is to shut down for good next month having provided an uninterrupted service for its clients for the past 60 years. Hotel Luxor is located in what could be described as the Reeperbahn's heart: a narrow side street called Grosse Freiheit or \"Big Freedom\". It is the street which was once home to the legendary Star Club that propelled the Beatles to fame. Nowadays it contains the only venue left in the city to feature live sex acts on stage. [PAR] Above the main entrance of Hotel Luxor an attempt is made to entice clients with a flickering neon sign that reads: \"Pretty woman for happy nights.\" Upstairs the establishment is reminiscent of an Edwardian brothel: there is a small cocktail bar surrounded by acres of red plush and curtained-off niches with portraits hung on walls and flowers on little tables. A flight of stairs leading to rooms above is fenced off, with a sign saying \"private hotel\". [PAR] In the middle of this sex emporium stands Waltraud Mehrer, a petite woman in her sixties with bobbed blonde hair. She has been Hotel Luxor's madame for the past 21 years: \"Yes many people see our closing as a sad development,\" she said, \"But you can't make money by offering real sex on the Reeperbahn any more. I blame it on internet sex , the noisy discos and dance clubs and the popularity of call girl services.\" [PAR] The brothel had its heyday in the 1970s when demand was so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u3010bevameter\u3011\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_\u82f1\u8bedbevameter\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1_\u97f3\u6807_\u8bfb\u97f3_\u7528\u6cd5_\u4f8b\u53e5_\u5728\u7ebf\u7ffb\u8bd1_\u6709\u9053\u8bcd\u5178 \u3010bevameter\u3011\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_\u82f1\u8bedbevameter\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1_\u97f3\u6807_\u8bfb\u97f3_\u7528\u6cd5_\u4f8b\u53e5_\u5728\u7ebf\u7ffb\u8bd1_\u6709\u9053\u8bcd\u5178 [PAR] three plate bevameter \u4e09\u5e73\u677f\u8d1d\u514b\u4eea [PAR] Bevameter [PAR] A bevameter is a device used in terramechanics to measure the mechanical properties of soil.Bevameter technique was developed to[DOC] [TLE] Bekker's Terramechanics Model for Off-Road Vehicle Research Bekker's Terramechanics Model for Off-Road Vehicle Research [PAR] Title : Bekker's Terramechanics Model for Off-Road Vehicle Research [PAR] Corporate Author : TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI [PAR] Personal Author(s) : Laughery, Sean ; Gerhart, Grant ; Goetz, Richard [PAR] Report Date : 1990 [PAR] Pagination or Media Count : 31 [PAR] Abstract : Bekker's Derived Terramechanics Model (BDTM) is an analytical tool for evaluating vehicle off-road mobility. BDTM has been developed using Bekker's equations for vehicle soil interactions. He developed the bevameter technique to measure mechanical strength characteristics for many soil and snow conditions. This procedure uses seven parameters to describe soil conditions, which differs from the conventional single parameter vehicle cone index methodology used by the NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM). NRMM uses the cone penetrometer technique to experimentally measure fine- grained soil mechanical characteristics. BDTM is in a spreadsheet format, and its primary purpose is to compare mobility characteristics for robotic track and wheeled vehicles under different terrain conditions. Bekker's model is a simple, linear one degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) model, which assumes that in a perfectly cohesive soil (i.e. clay), soil thrust is only a function of contact surface area. The model also assumes that for a perfectly cohesionless or frictional soil (i.e. dry sand), soil thrust is a function of vehicular weight[1]. This paper attempts to compare the mobility characteristics of wheeled vs. track vehicles for different size, weight and terrain conditions. [PAR] Descriptors : *MOBILITY, *OFFROAD TRAFFIC, *SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, ROBOTICS, MODELS, PENETROMETERS, SOIL MECHANICS, STRENGTH(MECHANICS), DEGREES OF FREEDOM, GROUND VEHICLES, EQUATIONS [PAR] Subject Categories : Computer Programming and Software [PAR] Surface Transportation and Equipment"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pica - Health Tips for Parents - East Tennessee Children's ... Pica - Health Tips for parents [PAR] Kid's Health [PAR] Pica [PAR] Many young kids put nonfood items in their mouths at one time or another. They're naturally curious about their environment and might, for instance, eat some dirt out of the sandbox. Kids with pica, however, go beyond this innocent exploration of their surroundings. [PAR] About Pica [PAR] The word pica comes from the Latin word for magpie, a bird known for its large and indiscriminate appetite. [PAR] Pica is most common in people with developmental disabilities, like autism and intellectual disabilities, and in children between the ages of 2 and 3. Pica also may surface in children who've had a brain injury affecting their development. It can also be a problem for some pregnant women, as well as people with epilepsy. [PAR] People with pica frequently crave and eat nonfood items such as: [PAR] dirt [PAR] toothpaste [PAR] soap [PAR] Pica is an eating disorder that can result in serious health problems, such as lead poisoning and iron-deficiency anemia . [PAR] Signs of Pica [PAR] Warning signs that a child may have pica include: [PAR] eating of nonfood items, despite efforts to restrict it, for a period of at least 1 month or longer [PAR] the behavior is considered inappropriate for your child's age or developmental stage [PAR] the behavior is not part of a cultural, ethnic, or religious practice [PAR] Why Do Some People Eat Nonfood Items? [PAR] The specific causes of pica are unknown, but certain conditions and situations can increase a person's risk: [PAR] nutritional deficiencies, such as iron or zinc, that may trigger specific cravings (however, the nonfood items craved usually don't supply the minerals lacking in the person's body) [PAR] dieting \u2014 people who diet may attempt to ease hunger by eating nonfood substances to get a feeling of fullness [PAR] malnutrition , especially in developing countries, where people with pica most commonly eat soil or clay [PAR] cultural factors \u2014 in families, religions, or groups in which eating nonfood substances is a learned practice [PAR] parental neglect, lack of supervision, or food deprivation \u2014 often seen in children living in poverty [PAR] developmental problems, such as mental retardation, autism, other developmental disabilities, or brain abnormalities [PAR] mental health conditions, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia [PAR] pregnancy, but it's been suggested that pica during pregnancy occurs more frequently in women who exhibited similar practices during their childhood or before pregnancy or who have a history of pica in their family [PAR] Eating earth substances such as clay or dirt is a form of pica known as geophagia, which can cause iron deficiency. One theory to explain geophagia is that in some cultures, eating clay or dirt is believed to help relieve nausea (and therefore, morning sickness), control diarrhea, increase salivation, remove toxins, and alter odor or taste perception. [PAR] Some people claim to enjoy the taste and texture of dirt or clay or other non-food item, and eat it as part of a daily habit (much like smoking is a daily routine for others). Pica may also be a behavioral response to stress. [PAR] Another explanation is that pica is a cultural feature of certain religious rituals, folk medicine, and magical beliefs. For example, some people in various cultures believe that eating dirt will help them incorporate magical spirits into their bodies. [PAR] None of these theories, though, explains every form of pica. A doctor must treat each case individually to try to understand what's causing the condition."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buzkashi : NPR Buzkashi : NPR [PAR] Buzkashi [PAR] Afghanistan's national sport is like polo, with a headless goat. [PAR] If you think about it, most American sports involve an animal hide. Baseballs, basketballs and footballs are all made with leather. In Afghanistan, they don\u2019t just use the skin \u2014 the game ball is a whole goat. Minus the head and hooves. [PAR] Buzkashi, the name of Afghanistan's national sport, translates into something like \"goat-grabbing.\" That's the object: Grab the headless, disemboweled animal carcass (sometimes a calf), circle the field and deliver it to the goal. It originated among the Turkic people of Central Asia centuries ago, and for generations they\u2019ve been passing down the game, and the goat, relatively unchanged. It\u2019s more than a game; it\u2019s a part of the fabric of Afghan life. And its popularity has never waned. [PAR] In the northern Afghan city of Sheberghan, you can catch a game after noon prayers most Fridays in the winter. That's buzkashi season. [PAR] Like any Western sport, buzkashi draws a huge crowd of passionate fans \u2014 and involves big money, at least by Afghan standards. [PAR] In fact, the match we caught was sponsored by Gen. Abdul Rashid Dostum, who has long had a reputation as a ruthless Uzbek warlord [ What? ] and is now a candidate for vice president in the Afghan election [ What again? ]. [PAR] Powerful figures often sponsor buzkashi matches as a sign of their wealth and influence. Dostum watched this one on TV, from the comfort of his warm and dry compound. But his son, Bator, showed up in person, wearing a bright, striped chapan, a traditional Central Asian overcoat. [PAR] Bator Dostum sits in the center chair of the stadium, the best seat in the house. [PAR] Caption [PAR] There are signs of 2014 at a buzkashi match: Cars line up by the field, spectators carry cellphones, and the incessant \"cheerleaders\" never seem to put down their megaphones. The atmosphere is reminiscent of a rodeo. [PAR] But to Western eyes, the game looks like a time capsule from the days of Genghis Khan, when battle exercises were disguised as sport \u2014 fighting on horseback, grabbing the prize, breaking away. Back then, buzkashi was training for war. Today, buzkashi itself is the battle. [PAR] A painting by Franz Roubaud depicts buzkashi in 1889, still relatively modern given the game's life span. (Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images) [PAR] Caption [PAR] Beyond sport, buzkashi is a ritual, a ceremony \u2014 a test of strength, cunning and courage. For many young Afghan boys (it is still a man\u2019s sport, on the field and in the stands), growing up to be a champion buzkashi rider, or chapandaz, is the stuff of dreams. [PAR] But it's not for the faint of heart. [PAR] The morning of the match, the goat is chosen and slaughtered in halal fashion. Calves are used in high-level matches because they are heavier \u2014 up to 100 pounds. The throat is slit and bleeds out. The animal is then decapitated and gutted. The hooves are cut off. The skin is stitched back together. Game time. [PAR] A chapandaz exhibits nearly perfect form: Whip in mouth, he hoists the buz \u2014 or ball \u2014 under his right leg and steers the horse with his left arm. [PAR] Caption [PAR] Quick Guide: How To Play [PAR] Well, it kind of depends on where you are. Even within Afghanistan the rules can vary. The game was standardized by the Afghan Olympic Federation, but that rarely matters. Here's the gist of the version"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Auricular Hematoma Drainage: Overview, Indications ... Auricular Hematoma Drainage: Overview, Indications, Contraindications [PAR] Auricular Hematoma Drainage [PAR] Author: Inna Leybell, MD; Chief Editor: Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA more... [PAR] Share [PAR] Overview [PAR] Overview [PAR] Auricular hematoma, shown below, is a complication that results from direct trauma to the anterior auricle and is a common facial injury in wrestlers. [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Shearing forces to the anterior auricle can lead to separation of the anterior auricular perichondrium from the underlying, tightly adherent cartilage. This may lead to tearing of the perichondrial blood vessels and subsequent hematoma formation. [PAR] Auricular hematoma. [PAR] View Media Gallery [PAR] The torn perichondrial vessels compromise the viability of the avascular underlying cartilage. Interestingly, the presence of a subperichondrial hematoma has been found to stimulate new and often asymmetric cartilage to form. [ 4 ] This deformity, which is often referred to as cauliflower ear or wrestler\u2019s ear (shown in the image below), is often considered a badge of honor among wrestlers and rugby players. [ 5 ] [PAR] Cauliflower ear. [PAR] The goal of treatment is to completely evacuate subperichondrial blood and to prevent its reaccumulation. The mechanism of hematoma drainage has been debated. To date, no randomized controlled trials have addressed this issue. [ 6 ] [PAR] Relevant Anatomy [PAR] The auricle and external acoustic meatus (or external auditory canal) compose the external ear. The external ear functions to collect and amplify sound, which then gets transmitted to the middle ear. The asymmetric shape of the external auricle introduces delays in the path of sound that assist in sound localization. [PAR] The arterial supply of the auricle is composed of the posterior auricular artery, the anterior auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery, and the occipital artery, which also contributes. Veins accompany the corresponding named arteries. [PAR] For more information about the relevant anatomy, see Ear Anatomy . [PAR] Next: [PAR] See the list below: [PAR] Tender anterior auricular swelling after trauma, which deforms the normal anatomy of the pinna [PAR] Presentation within 7 days after trauma (After 7 days, the formation of granulation tissue may complicate the procedure. At that point, patients should be referred to a specialist.) [PAR] Previous [PAR] The procedure is contraindicated in the following cases: [PAR] Hematomas that are older than 7 days [PAR] Recurrent or chronic hematomas (In such cases, open surgical debridement by a specialist is indicated because the hematoma, granulation tissue, or both can be located within the cartilage instead of in the subperichondrial space.) [PAR] Previous [PAR] Anesthesia [PAR] See the list below: [PAR] Local anesthesia with lidocaine 1% with or without epinephrine can be infiltrated directly into the area to be incised. [PAR] Many authors advocate the use of the lidocaine without the presence of a vasoconstrictive agent such as epinephrine. However, some literature supports the safety of vasoconstrictive agents in areas such as the nose or pinna. [PAR] Alternatively, an auricular block can be performed. For more information, see Ear Anesthesia . [PAR] Previous [PAR] Syringe, 3 mL, with a 23- or 27-gauge (ga) needle for anesthesia [PAR] Syringe, 10 mL, with a 18- or 20-ga needle (if performing needle aspiration) [PAR] Lidocaine 1% (with or without epinephrine) [PAR] Scalpel, No. 15 [PAR] Irrigation set-up (syringe, normal saline) [PAR] Compression dressing materials [PAR] Simple compression dressing, as shown in the image below: dry cotton, Vaseline gauze, 4 x 4 plain gauze, secondary dressing wrap (eg, Kling), scissors [PAR] Supplies needed to make a simple compression dressing. [PAR] Specialized compression dressing (to be made in a specialist's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] amarillo translation English | Spanish dictionary | Reverso amarillo translation English | Spanish dictionary | Reverso [PAR] El anillo amarillo contiene algo vivo. [PAR] This yellow ring's got something living in it. [PAR] Jurar\u00eda que hab\u00eda un submarino amarillo. [PAR] I could have sworn there was a yellow submarine. [PAR] Te estaba esperando, cabello amarillo. [PAR] I have been waiting for you, yellow hair. [PAR] La pistola con mango de madera amarillo. [PAR] [Chuckles Nervously] Your gun with the yellow wooden handle. [PAR] Es un diamante amarillo de primera calidad. [PAR] It's a yellow diamond of the first quality. [PAR] Tiene que ser amarillo con tapicer\u00eda negra. [PAR] It's got to be yellow with black upholstery. [PAR] See how \u201camarillo\u201d is translated from Spanish to English with more examples in context[DOC] [TLE] Learn the Colors in Spanish - Fun French And Spanish for Kids Learn the Colors in Spanish [PAR] Learn the Colors in Spanish [PAR] The colors in Spanish can be learned with games, coloring sheets and a song. [PAR] Color [PAR] Morado(s) [PAR] Morada(s) [PAR] In Spanish, nouns have gender \u2013 masculine or feminine. The Spanish colors normally agree in gender and number with the noun. The color is typically placed after the noun. Plurals add s or es as shown in parentheses. [PAR] The following Spanish colors are neutral.They stay the same, whether describing feminine or masculine words. [PAR] Green [PAR] A red apple. - Una manzana roja. [PAR] A yellow cake. - Un pastel amarillo. [PAR] The orange carrot. - La zanahoria anaranjada. [PAR] The yellow flowers. - Las flores amarillas. [PAR] Sounds like a lot to remember. Choose a few colors to focus on and then add on. [PAR] Pass the Ball Game [PAR] This is a fun way to learn a few colors at a time. You will need six small balls - red, green, yellow, white, orange and blue. Pass the balls one at a time. As you are passing, everyone says the name of the color. To make it extra fun, we put our came to a fun rocky beat. [PAR] Pass the ball is a fun classroom activity and is included in our Classroom Spanish for Kids program. Classroom Spanish also supplies an oversized parachute. Kids love to play parachute games and we use it to help learn the colors. [PAR] Color Song [PAR] Rojo, verde, rojo, verde. - (Red, green, red, green.) [PAR] Me gusta el rojo, y el verde. - (I like red and green.) [PAR] Te gusta el rojo? - (Do you like red?) [PAR] \u00bfTe gusta el verde? - (Do you like green?) [PAR] Rojo, verde, rojo, verde. - (Red, green, red, green.) [PAR] Azul, amarillo, azul, amarillo. (Blue, yellow, blue, yellow.) [PAR] Me gusta el azul, y el amarillo. (I like blue and yellow.) [PAR] \u00bfTe gusta el azul? (Do you like blue?) [PAR] Te gusta el amarillo? - (Do you like yellow?) [PAR] Azul, amarillo, azul, amarillo. - (Blue, yellow, blue, yellow.) [PAR] Blanco, anaranjado, blanco, anaranjado. - (White, orange.) [PAR] Me gusta el blanco, y el anaranjado. -(I like white and orange.) [PAR] \u00bfTe gusta el blanco? - (Do you like white?) [PAR] \u00bfTe gusta el anaranjado? - (Do you like orange?) [PAR] Blanco, anaranjado,blanco, anaranjado.- (White, orange, white, orange.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of the Boyne, 1690 - Ask About Ireland Battle of the Boyne, 1690 [PAR] Battle of the Boyne, 1690 [PAR] Battle of the Boyne, 1690 [PAR] Enlarge image [PAR] The War of the two Kings [PAR] In 1685 King James II, a Catholic, became the King of England following the death of his brother Charles II. The English wanted a Protestant king and were determined to get rid of King James II. They invited the Protestant prince William of Orange of the Netherlands to take the throne. William was married to King James II's eldest daughter Mary Stuart. King James refused to give up his throne or to carry out reforms that William requested. However in 1689, William of Orange and Mary were crowned the monarchs of England. William was now king of Ireland too. [PAR] Most Irish people wanted to get the throne back for James II. They decided to help King James, and a war began in Ireland. [PAR] Patrick Sarsfield, First Earl of Lucan [PAR] Courtesy of 'The History of County Dublin, 1906'. [PAR] Enlarge image [PAR] Fighting broke out in Ireland and also in Scotland, where James was from. The people who fought for King James were known as \u2018Jacobites\u2019. The people who supported William were known as 'Williamites'. King James went to France and Ireland to get support from Catholics. James was not popular with the Protestant Irish because he removed many of them from positions of power. Many Protestants did not at first wish to support Prince William but they disliked the way James took away their power. [PAR] Fighting broke out in many places in Ireland. In 1689, the city of Derry was placed under siege by the army of King James because the soldiers there were not loyal to James and would not let his army enter the city. The siege lasted for over one hundred days causing terrible suffering to the civilians of the city. The supporters of King William eventually won and the siege was ended. [PAR] Enlarge image [PAR] 1690 [PAR] In June 1690, William of Orange landed in Carickfergus. He brought a large army with him. His army was made up of Dutch, French, Irish, Scottish and Italian soldiers and many others. William marched south towards Dublin . However, King James also had an army in Ireland at the time. Some of James\u2019 army were Irish but others were English, Scots and French. The French King, Louis XIV gave soldiers to James as he wanted James to be king of England. [PAR] William\u2019s army fought King James II at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690. The leader of James\u2019 army was Patrick Sarsfield. William of Orange won the battle and also captured the cities of Dublin and Cork. King James left Ireland for France.[DOC] [TLE] Battle of the Boyne - Military Wiki - Wikia Battle of the Boyne | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Battle of the Boyne [PAR] Painting of the battle by Jan Wyck c. 1693 [PAR] Date [PAR] 1 July 1690 O.S. (11 July N.S., but now celebrated on 12 July) [PAR] Location [PAR] Belligerents Jacobite forces Williamite forces Commanders and leaders James VII and II William III of Orange Strength 25,000, including: [PAR] -19,000 Irish Catholics [PAR] William III (\"William of Orange\") [PAR] King of England, Scotland and Ireland, Stadtholder in the Netherlands [PAR] The Battle of the Boyne (Irish language: Cath na B\u00f3inne , [PAR] IPA: [PAR] [\u02c8kah n\u032a\u02e0\u0259 \u02c8b\u02e0o\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259] ) was fought in 1690 between two rival claimants of the English, Scottish, and Irish"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mattel in China - College Essays - 371 Words - StudyMode Mattel in China Essay - 371 Words [PAR] Mattel in China [PAR] Introduction : [PAR] Mattel is an American company Specialized in toys and games, founded in 1945 by Harold Matson and Elliot Handler. It is a global leader in icts sector. It manufactures MOST icts of toys in China. Mattel is a consistant name of \"Matt\" Matson Harold nickname, and \"El\" in Elliot. Mattel brands include Barbie, Big Jim, Fisher-Price, Hot Wheels, Magic 8 Ball, The Masters of the Universe, Matchbox and Polly Pocket Publishes games and Othello, Scrabble (except North America) and Uno. [PAR] Figures about Mattel in China. [PAR] China is the largest toy manufacturer in the world, with an annual production of more than 150 billion yuan, or about $ 20 billion. More than 70% of toys manufactured in the world are in this country, even up to 80%, according to another organization, the Association of toys China (CTA), the company Mattel is contributing 45%. Its exports in this area accounted for more than $ 17 billion in 2011. The United States are first time buyers, with over 38% of total exports in 2010. Chinese production is concentrated in the southern province of Guangdong, whose exports accounted for nearly 80% of the total in 2010 to nearly 12 billion dollars, said the same sources, 7 billion thanks to Mattel. Mattel employs more than 900,000 people, or a good part of the Chinese population. This could eventually offset the loss of global market share expected by some experts for the benefit of producers in Eastern Europe and other Asian countries, because of the rising cost of labor in China. After rising 20% \u200b\u200bin 2004-2005 in the area, according to the Guangdong industrial wages have increased by a further 7.94% in China last year (7.6% in Guangzhou) all sectors and should in almost keep this pace in 2007, it is clear from a study by Mercer Human Resource Consulting quoted on the website of the Ministry of Commerce. [PAR] Manufacturer Mattel Barbie dolls is the largest importer of toys in China. Speech from : Zheng Jinhui, director society... [PAR] Mattel Essay [PAR] ...Background As a global leader in toy manufacturing and marketing, Mattel faces a number of potential threats to its ongoing operations. Like most firms that market products for children, Mattel is ever mindful of its social and ethical obligations and the target on its corporate back. This case summarizes many of the challenges that Mattel has faced over the past decade, including tough competition, changing consumer preferences and lifestyles,... [PAR] 423 Words | 2 Pages [PAR] Essay on Mattel in China [PAR] ...\ufeff 1 e Conduct internet research on China. Are there any possible barriers that toy manufacturers from Europe and North America will need to consider? Describe and comment on the market entry approach Mattel initiated in China. Current status? What should Mattel do now in China? Internet Research on China Population 1,349,585,838 (July 2013 est.) Age structure 0-14 years: 17.2% (male... [PAR] 2315 Words | 12 Pages [PAR] Essay on Mattel [PAR] ...1) What was Jill Barad's primary goal for Mattel in 1996? What strategy did she choose in order to pursue these goals? Answer: The primary goal of Jill Barad for Mattel was to increase earning per shares by 15% per annum compounded before the effects of any acquisitions. The following are the 4 elements of her strategies: 1. Continue with the highly profitable practice of extending the company's existing brands (e.g. she had plans to further develop a line"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AEX Quote - AEX-Index - Bloomberg Markets AEX Quote - AEX-Index - Bloomberg Markets [PAR] There are currently no news stories for this ticker. Please check back later. [PAR] Profile [PAR] The AEX-Index is a free-float adjusted market capitalization weighted index of the leading Dutch stocks traded on the Amsterdam Exchange. The index was adjusted to the Dutch Guilder fixing rate. The old value as of 12/31/98 was 1186.38 and the new value at start of trading on 1/4/99 was 538.36, after conversion. HP and GP can be adjusted back to Dutch Guilders by typing NLG. [PAR] Address[DOC] [TLE] Amsterdam Stock Exchange (AEX) .AS Definition | Investopedia Amsterdam Stock Exchange (AEX) .AS Definition | Investopedia [PAR] Amsterdam Stock Exchange (AEX) .AS [PAR] DEFINITION of 'Amsterdam Stock Exchange (AEX) .AS' [PAR] Founded in the early 1600s with the founding of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), whose shares are considered the oldest in the world. In September, 2000, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange merged with the Brussels Stock Exchange and the Paris Stock Exchange to form Euronext Amsterdam. [PAR] BREAKING DOWN 'Amsterdam Stock Exchange (AEX) .AS' [PAR] Euronext Amsterdam's three indexes are the blue-chip AEX, mid-cap AMX and small-cap AScX. Euronext is Europe's largest cash equities market and falls under the umbrella of NYSE Euronext, which operates several exchanges, including the New York Stock Exchange, Liffe and NYSE Arca Options. [PAR] Trading Center"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water - Limp ... Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water - Limp Bizkit | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water [PAR] AllMusic Rating [PAR] google+ [PAR] AllMusic Review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine [PAR] Let's start with the title, not only the winner for the Billy Corgan award for ludicrous monikers, but a title, like Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness , that's a winking acknowledgement that the group knows what its stereotype is. Smashing Pumpkins knew everybody thought they were tragic romantics; Limp Bizkit know everybody believes they're juvenile vulgarians, so they're ready to prove 'em right. And how do they do that? With a title that's defiantly vulgar but, more revealingly, embarrassingly awkward. The scatological meaning of Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water is obvious to anyone who's graduated junior high, but it stumbles over its punch line, winding up as more bewildering than funny or offensive. But it doesn't stop there, or with the sickly cover art, since hot dogs and chocolate starfishes become lyrical themes on the album. Clearly, Limp leader Fred Durst takes some pride in his ass and dick joke, since he repeatedly uses it to illustrate the one theme of the album, namely how nobody understands him, especially in Limp Bizkit 's year of success after 1999's Significant Other . He may occasionally attempt to frame his rage as us versus them, as on \"My Generation,\" but he winds up bringing everything around to himself. Envision a Use Your Illusion where Axl Rose felt compelled to rewrite \"Get in the Ring\" for every song, just to make sure that you, dear fan, realize that he's persecuted and thank the lord above that you're there to understand him. And that's it. There's nothing else to the record. If the band supported him with sheets of noise, terrifying guitars, monstrous rhythms, or even a hook every now and then, Durst 's narcissism may have been palatable, but the group pretty much churns out the same colorless heavy plod for each song. Combined, Durst 's self-pitying and the monotonous music give away that the band bashed Chocolate Starfish out very quickly -- it's the sound of a band determined to deliver a sequel in a finite amount of time. Since Bizkit have never relied on song or studiocraft, it shouldn't come as a surprise that neither is in evidence here, but the problem is they're fishing in a shallow pool. Previously, they had pent-up rage on their side, but here, the music sounds rote -- when it gets louder, it signifies nothing, it just gets louder -- and Durst can see no farther than his past year. That past year may have been a whirlwind of success and fame, but that doesn't stop him from dwelling on the people that have said bad things about him, nearly ignoring those who (somewhat justifiably) argued that he helped stoke the fires as Woodstock '99 in favor of the \"critics that don't get it,\" which includes a whole song sniping at labelmate Trent Reznor . Now, undoubtedly, there are some fans that will empathize with Durst , but the question is, will it really resonate with them? After all, everyone feels rage after being dumped by their significant other, but does everyone live in a world where they feel like they're attacked on all sides? Come to think of it, they do, but Durst 's vision on Chocolate Starfish is so insular, it's hard for anyone else, even his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Use Twitter & Facebook logos on your website, legally ... Use Twitter & Facebook logos on your website, legally. - Web Propelled [PAR] Home > Blog > Use Twitter & Facebook logos on your website, legally. [PAR] Use Twitter & Facebook logos on your website, legally. [PAR] No Comments [PAR] In the design & build processes when creating a website there are a number of considerations that have to be made, and in this modern world of \u2018Social Media\u2019 one of those is now: \u2018How & where might it work best to integrate social media\u2019. One of the most obvious solutions to this is to provide an obvious visual link through to the related social media accounts, using an icon, but how can that be made to fit well with the overall design of the site? Therein can lie a problem, & one which can land individuals & small businesses in a spot of bother. [PAR] The Facebook & Twitter logos are ubiquitous. You can see them all over the place, so it\u2019s no surprise that many people consider them effectively \u2018free to use\u2019. \u2018They\u2019re getting free publicity, of course I can just drop it into my site\u2026 but it\u2019s a bit garish blue with the yellows of my website so I\u2019ve made it yellow instead\u2019. Erm, well there you invite in legal proceedings from Twitter or Facebook, & I don\u2019t know if you\u2019d noticed but they\u2019re rather big organisations with rather a lot of clout. [PAR] Yes, their logos are \u2018free to use\u2019 in a sense. They do want the publicity, & for the same reason you may want to use the logo: because as people see it all over the place it\u2019s instantly recognisable as representing their service. But for a similar reason it is supremely important to them that they control \u2018it\u2019, that recognisable logo, & not just where it\u2019s used but how it appears. Whether it\u2019s in the colour they want associated with the brand, whether they want it to appear glossy, whether they want the corners to have a soft & approachable roundedness etc. [PAR] The Twitter \u2018Logo & Brand\u2019 info provides you with quite specific guidance on how you\u2019re allowed to use their logos, & states outright that \u201cby using the Twitter marks you agree to follow the above [display policy] as well as our Terms of Service and all Twitter rules and policies\u201d. Fancy changing the colour of the bird? Sorry, no can do. Want a speech bubble coming from the birds mouth to contain your latest tweet? Nope, sorry not allowed. [PAR] In the Facebook Brand Resource Centre you\u2019ll find similar useful guidance on the right ways to use their brand items. Want to use the full word \u2018Facebook\u2019 logo? Nu-uh, you\u2019ll need special permission for that. Want to tweet that recognisable \u2018Thumb Up\u2019 \u2018Like\u2019 button so it reads \u2018Like Us On Facebook\u2019. Nope, forbidden I\u2019m afraid, that\u2019s their design & they\u2019re within their rights to control its use. [PAR] The first thought of many in response to this will be I\u2019m sure \u2018oh come on Geoff, I\u2019m just a teeny tiny little one-person business run from my own home, they\u2019ll not notice & they\u2019ll not much care\u2019. Admittedly there\u2019s every chance that smaller operations wont be spotted in a hurry. Don\u2019t think because you\u2019re not a mega-global-corp you\u2019re invisible to the attentions of their sizeable legal teams though. Developer of a free little WordPress plugin \u2018Social Media Widget\u2019 Brian Freytag certainly knows about their legal teams, both Twitter & Facebook applying pressure to get his use of their icons"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fashion Boots Mary Janes - Shoespie.com Fashion Boots Mary Janes - Shoespie.com [PAR] Fashion Boots Mary Janes [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 Next Last [PAR] Fashion Boots Mary Janes [PAR] Shoespie.com shows fashion collections of current Fashion Boots Mary Janes. You could also find more popular women items and recommendation for Boots , as there always a huge selection for all Sandals and matches items. Sincerely hope all our customers enjoy shopping our new arrival Heels with good quality and latest fashion styles. [PAR] Find Related To Fashion Boots Mary Janes View More[DOC] [TLE] What are Mary Janes? - Shoe Glossary: Mary Jane Shoes What are Mary Janes? - Shoe Glossary: Mary Jane Shoes [PAR] By Desiree Stimpert [PAR] Updated January 04, 2016. [PAR] The Mary Jane is a closed toe, low-cut shoe with a strap that runs across the bridge of the foot. The classic Mary Jane is made out of leather, has a broad, round toe box , and a low heel. Today \"Mary Jane\" refers to girl's or women's shoe modeled after the original style, but these shoes were first worn by children. Girls wore Mary Janes with stockings, skirts and dresses, and boys wore them with socks and trouser shorts. [PAR] History: [PAR] Mary Janes get their name from Mary Jane, a character in Richard F. Outcault's comic strip \"Buster Brown\" that first appeared in 1902. She was modeled after Outcault's daughter of the same name and played the love interest of the title character Buster Brown. Outcault sold the licensing rights of \"Buster Brown\" characters to 200 companies at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis. One of those companies was the Brown Shoe Company. [PAR] Brown Shoe Company hired actors to portray \"Buster Brown\" characters throughout the country in theaters, department stores and shoe stores. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Jean Styles You Can Wear All Year Around [PAR] The company became associated with the comic strip, and the style of shoes worn by Buster Brown and Mary Jane became known as \"Mary Janes.\" [PAR] Mary Janes were a sensation, and they remained the must-have shoes for boys and girls up until the late 1950s. Styles for women originated in the '20s: called \"bar shoes,\" their ornate fabrics and embellishments made them appropriate for evening wear. Plain styles were popular for daytime. [PAR] The Mary Jane is significantly associated with American culture and has had a few historically prominent moments: Shirley Temple sported a pair of white Mary Janes in the 1934 film \"Baby Take a Bow,\" and John F. Kennedy Jr. donned a pair at his father's funeral in 1963. [PAR] The shoes then became associated strictly with women's footwear. British fashion designer and pioneer of the mod movement Mary Quant put British model Twiggy into a pair of black Mary Janes, bringing childlike fashion into style. Fashion houses Yves Saint Laurent and Christian Dior did their own takes on Mary Janes by featuring sophisticated touches like low heels, tapered toes and patent leather. [PAR] Mary Janes remained popular throughout the '60s, '70s and '80s, but they had a major revival in the '90s when the shoes took on a chunky, platform style . The grunge , punk look was in fashion, which also took inspiration from '60s schoolgirl style, and Mary Janes provided the perfect complement. [PAR] The shoe is still in style today, as top shoe designers like Jimmy Choo, Manolo Blahnik and Christian Louboutin have given the Mary Jane a more feminine, sophisticated, high fashion look. [PAR] How to Wear Mary Janes: [PAR] Mary Janes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Championship fixtures 2015-2016: Every game of the new ... Championship fixtures 2015-2016: Every game of the new English football season | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Championship fixtures 2015-2016: Every game of the new English football season [PAR] Queens Park Rangers kick off life in the Championship against Charlton [PAR] Paul Clement begins managerial life at Derby by travelling to Bolton [PAR] Middlesbrough start their promotion quest against Preston [PAR] Relegated sides Hull and Burnley meet in pick of Boxing Day fixtures [PAR] comments [PAR] Relegated Queens Park Rangers begin their quest to return to the top flight with a trip to London neighbours Charlton Athletic, while Burnley travel to Leeds United on their opening day of their return to the Championship. [PAR] Two relegated sides in Hull City and Burnley will then meet in the traditional Boxing Day fixture in one of the stand-out games of the new Championship season. [PAR] Hull begin their season at home to Huddersfield while Middlesbrough, who missed out on promotion in the play-off final last season will start their attempt to go one better away at Preston. [PAR] So, can Boro go one place better this season? Or will the likes of newly-relegated teams Hull, Burnley and QPR bounce back up to the Premier League at the first attempt? [PAR] Jamie Mackie has returned to QPR as the west London club look to bounce straight back to the top flight [PAR] August 8 [PAR] Cardiff City v Huddersfield Town [PAR] Charlton Athletic v Rotherham United [PAR] Fulham v Blackburn Rovers [PAR] Middlesbrough v Milton Keynes Dons [PAR] Preston North End v Derby County [PAR] Queens Park Rangers v Nottingham Forest [PAR] Reading v Ipswich Town [PAR] Birmingham City v Nottingham Forest [PAR] Bolton Wanderers v Sheffield Wednesday [PAR] Brighton v Rotherham United [PAR] Burnley v Milton Keynes Dons [PAR] Cardiff City v Hull City [PAR] Charlton Athletic v Huddersfield Town [PAR] Fulham v Wolverhampton [PAR] Leeds United v Ipswich Town [PAR] Middlesbrough v Brentford [PAR] Preston North End v Bristol City [PAR] Queens Park Rangers v Blackburn Rovers [PAR] Reading v Derby County [PAR] Blackburn Rovers v Charlton Athletic [PAR] Brentford v Preston North End [PAR] Bristol City v Reading [PAR] Huddersfield Town v Bolton Wanderers [PAR] Hull City v Queens Park Rangers [PAR] Ipswich Town v Birmingham City [PAR] Milton Keynes Dons v Leeds United [PAR] Nottingham Forest v Middlesbrough [PAR] Rotherham United v Cardiff City [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday v Fulham [PAR] Cardiff City v Charlton Athletic [PAR] Fulham v Queens Park Rangers [PAR] Huddersfield Town v Nottingham Forest [PAR] Hull City v Blackburn Rovers [PAR] Ipswich Town v Bristol City [PAR] Middlesbrough v Leeds United [PAR] Milton Keynes Dons v Derby County [PAR] Preston North End v Wolverhampton [PAR] October 3 [PAR] Blackburn Rovers v Ipswich Town [PAR] Brighton v Cardiff City [PAR] Bristol City v Milton Keynes Dons [PAR] Charlton Athletic v Fulham [PAR] Leeds United v Birmingham City [PAR] Nottingham Forest v Hull City [PAR] Queens Park Rangers v Bolton Wanderers [PAR] Reading v Middlesbrough [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday v Preston North End [PAR] Wolverhampton v Huddersfield Town [PAR] Birmingham City v Queens Park Rangers [PAR] Brentford v Rotherham United [PAR] Bristol City v Nottingham Forest [PAR] Burnley v Bolton Wanderers [PAR] Ipswich Town v Huddersfield Town [PAR] Leeds United v Brighton [PAR] Milton Keynes Dons v Blackburn Rovers [PAR] Preston North End v Cardiff City [PAR] Reading v Charlton Athletic [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday v Hull City [PAR] October 20 [PAR] Blackburn Rovers v Derby County [PAR] Bolton Wanderers v Birmingham City [PAR] Brighton v Bristol City [PAR] Charlton"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] County with the longest coastline - General Discussion ... County with the longest coastline - General Discussion - Digital Spy Forums [PAR] County with the longest coastline [PAR] [PAR] Posts: 624 [PAR] County with the longest coastline [PAR] I had a stinking cold at the weekend and looked at a lot of A Place In The Sun type progs (thats my excuse and I'm sticking to it!). [PAR] One day Essex 'had the most coastline in England' and the next day on another programme it was Kent. Now, looking at a map I would say Cornwall. [PAR] Anyone know? [PAR] Please sign in or register to remove this advertisement. [PAR] 28-02-2011, 14:01 [PAR] Join Date: Jun 2010 [PAR] Posts: 600 [PAR] Kent's coastline is pretty big, but so it Cornwall's. Not sure who'd I put my money on, but it has to be one of them. Sure I've heard somewhere before that it is Kent though. [PAR] [PAR] Location: Cornwall (ex-London) [PAR] Posts: 65,312 [PAR] It says here it depends whether you count the Isles of Scilly and river estuaries or not (seems to be Kent, I'd say, from this): [PAR] http://www.visitcornwall.com/site/ex...st-and-country [PAR] Quote: [PAR] Cornwall is in the privileged position of having two coastlines: the Atlantic coast famous for its surfing beaches and huge expanses of golden sand, and the English Channel coast which is more gentle with hidden coves and tranquil creeks. [PAR] [PAR] Argyll and Bute has a longer coastline than France, apparently. [PAR] [PAR] Devon's are physically separated though, so I'd say that counts as two. Cornwall may have two coasts, but they are connected at the end. [PAR] [PAR] Posts: 38,495 [PAR] Off-hand, I would have thought Cornwall would win this easily. [PAR] I guess, perhaps, the coastlines of Kent and Essex might be more \"broken\" than Cornwall which, technically, gives the coastline a longer length but, meh. [PAR] Also, I would have said Yorkshire might be in with a shout IF you count the Trent estuary as \"coastline\". [PAR] [PAR] Join Date: Feb 2011 [PAR] Posts: 823 [PAR] Having visited Herne Bay in kent i would say they have the biggest waistline, well the women there do. [PAR] [PAR] Cornwall has a coast on two different bodies of water but it's the same coast as it goes from Saltash along to Lands End and then comes back on the top side towards Bude. [PAR] Devon has two separate stretches of coastline. [PAR] I'd agree that one of the Scottish counties has the longest coastline. [PAR] [PAR] Kent's coastline is pretty big, but so it Cornwall's. Not sure who'd I put my money on, but it has to be one of them. Sure I've heard somewhere before that it is Kent though. [PAR] Its between Essex, Kent and Cornwall. [PAR] Essex has lots of creeks and inlets which would count as \"coastline\" but I am not too familiar with the geography of Kent to say the same for there. [PAR] [PAR] Devon's are physically separated though, so I'd say that counts as two. Cornwall may have two coasts, but they are connected at the end. [PAR] Quote: [PAR] Cornwall has a coast on two different bodies of water but it's the same coast as it goes from Saltash along to Lands End and then comes back on the top side towards Bude. [PAR] Devon has two separate stretches of coastline. [PAR] I'd agree that one of the Scottish counties has the longest coastline. [PAR] It's still a matter of interpretation since I would say that still can be described as two coasts. Not"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Night blindness | definition of night blindness by Medical ... Night blindness | definition of night blindness by Medical dictionary [PAR] Night blindness | definition of night blindness by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/night+blindness [PAR] night blindness [PAR] [PAR] inability or a reduced ability to see in dim light; the eyes not only see more poorly in dim light, but are slower to adjust from brightness to dimness. Called also nyctalopia . [PAR] Depending on its brightness, light is perceived by either of two sets of visual cells located in the retina of the eye. One set, the cones, perceive bright light primarily; the other set, the rods, perceive dim light primarily. Dim light produces a change in a pigment called rhodopsin in the rods. This change causes nerve impulses to travel to the brain, where they register as visual impressions. Night blindness occurs when the rods lack rhodopsin. [PAR] One cause of night blindness is a deficiency of vitamin A\u2014the primary source of rhodopsin. The defect in vision usually can be cured by proper diet plus therapeutic doses of the deficient vitamin. [PAR] In the elderly, there is sometimes a diminution of rhodopsin, with resulting night blindness. Other losses in vision may follow. Diminished blood supply to the eyes is thought to be a cause of this form of the condition. Treatment generally is only of limited effectiveness. [PAR] Night blindness sometimes accompanies glaucoma. [PAR] nyc\u00b7ta\u00b7lo\u00b7pi\u00b7a [PAR] (nik-t\u0103-l\u014d'p\u0113-\u0103), [PAR] Decreased ability to see in reduced illumination. Seen in patients with impaired rod function; often associated with a deficiency of vitamin A. [PAR] 2. Retinitis pigmentosa , see there. [PAR] 3. Nyctalopia Defective vision in \u2193 illumination, often implying defective rod function with delayed dark adaptation and perceptual threshold; it is either congenital and stationary with myopia and degeneration of the disc\u2013eg, retinitis pigmentosa, hereditary optic atrophy or progressive and acquired with retinal, choroidal or vitrioretinal degeneration\u2013eg, cataract, glaucoma, optic atrophy, retinal degeneration and, the 'classic' cause of nyctalopia, vitamin A deficiency. [PAR] nyc\u00b7ta\u00b7lo\u00b7pi\u00b7a [PAR] (nik't\u0103-l\u014d'p\u0113-\u0103) [PAR] Decreased ability to see in reduced illumination. Seen in patients with impaired rod function; often associated with a deficiency of vitamin A. [PAR] [nyct- + G. alaos, obscure, + \u014dps, eye] [PAR] blindness [PAR] (blind'nes) [PAR] Inability to see. The leading causes of blindness in the U.S. are age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. [PAR] Blindness may be caused by diseases of the lens, retina, or other eye structures; diseases of the optic nerve; or lesions of the visual cortex or pathways of the brain. A small number of infants are born blind, but far more people become blind during life. In the U.S., blindness due to infection is rare, but worldwide diseases like trachoma and onchocerciasis are relatively common causes of severe visual impairment. In malnourished people, vitamin A deficiency is an important cause of blindness. [PAR] A variety of free services are available for the blind and physically handicapped. Talking Books Topics, published bimonthly in large-print, cassette, and disc formats, is distributed free to the blind and physically handicapped who participate in the Library of Congress free reading program. It lists recorded books and magazines available through a national network of cooperating libraries and provides news of developments and activities in library services. Subscription requests may be sent to Talking Books Topics, CMLS, P.O. Box 9150, Melbourne, FL 32902-9150. [PAR] amnesic color blindness [PAR] Alexia. [PAR] night blindness [PAR] Moderately reduced to severely defective vision in dim light. Night blindness (nyctalopia) occurs in many people with no objectively discernible eye disorder, but is common in short-sighted people, in those"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Travel to Argentina: Mendoza | Argentina Tours by ... Travel to Argentina: Mendoza | Argentina Tours by Argentina For Less [PAR] Create Your Dream Vacation Now [PAR] Travel to Argentina: Mendoza [PAR] Discover Mendoza during your fully customizable Argentina vacation . All of our Argentina tours have daily departures and are covered by our price guarantee. [PAR] Hotels [PAR] Why travel to Mendoza [PAR] The capital city of the western province of the same name, Mendoza is a beautiful city resting on the foothills of the Andes. It sits underneath the highest peak in the western hemisphere, the Aconcagua mount, which stands at a staggering 22,835 feet (6,960 meters). Argentina\u2019s fourth largest city is a bustling and energetic metropolis that basks daily in a perpetually warm and sunny climate, and is surrounded by lush valleys covered with beautiful vineyards and orchards. [PAR] Mendoza was almost entirely destroyed by fires and earthquakes in the 19th century and was rebuilt as a modern city, with low buildings and large avenues. Despite its size, Mendoza\u2019s atmosphere feels similar to a peaceful small town, though this takes nothing away from its cosmopolitanism. [PAR] The avenues, parks, and plazas of Mendoza are lined with trees and the surrounding suburbs overflow with gardens and orchards making this one of Argentina\u2019s most pleasant and attractive cities. It also boasts some of the finest wine to be found in the world, understandably a key attraction for visitors and travelers in the region who flock here to enjoy Mendoza wine tours and learn the secrets of the art of wine-making. [PAR] What to do in Mendoza [PAR] City Tour. Mendoza\u2019s surprisingly tranquil neighborhoods are a comfortable retreat for those looking to explore beyond the country\u2019s capital. Take a tour of Mendoza \u2019s verdant parks and plazas which are ideal for walking, relaxing, and soaking up the atmosphere. The city\u2019s tree-lined main square, Plaza Independencia, is teeming with life and stunning historic buildings. A beautiful collection of museums specializing in art, natural history, and regional history can be found in town, meaning there is always something going on to entertain locals and visitors. [PAR] Mendoza Wine Tours. Mendoza\u2019s biggest appeal is undoubtedly its vast and fruitful vineyards. The \u201cwine capital\u201d of Argentina produces around 70% of the country\u2019s wines. The dry and sunny climate makes a perfect environment to produce excellent red wines (with Malbec varieties being the most appreciated). The wines produced here rank among the best in the international wine community. Professional sommeliers and wine enthusiasts alike will revel in the chance to live and breathe the Mendoza wine country experience. [PAR] Hiking Tours. The countryside of Mendoza, in addition to its fertile lands, is also known as a hiker\u00b4s paradise as it is surrounded by stunning landscapes dominated by the imposing Andean range. The best way to appreciate the surrounding nature is by hiking to the summit of Cerro Negro at 6,800 feet for an incredible view of the Andes, the Tupungato Volcano, and the city of Mendoza. [PAR] Skiing. Some 150 miles away from Mendoza is the prestigious Las Le\u00f1as Resort, one of South America\u00b4s best known ski destinations. The resort boasts 40 miles of skiing terrain with 27 slopes of all levels in a spectacular setting. [PAR] When to visit Mendoza [PAR] The weather in Mendoza is most pleasant in the summer and autumn months, from November to March/April, permitting countless outdoor activities, including hiking, trekking, or horseback riding. Between February and April, which happens to be harvesting season, is without a doubt the best time to visit the beautiful Mendoza region. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Jefferson is elected - Feb 17, 1801 - HISTORY.com Thomas Jefferson is elected - Feb 17, 1801 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Thomas Jefferson is elected [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1801, Thomas Jefferson is elected the third president of the United States. The election constitutes the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in the United States. [PAR] By 1800, when he decided to run for president, Thomas Jefferson possessed impressive political credentials and was well-suited to the presidency. In addition to drafting the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson had served in two Continental Congresses, as minister to France, as secretary of state under George Washington and as John Adams\u2019 vice president. [PAR] Vicious partisan warfare characterized the campaign of 1800 between Democratic-Republicans Jefferson and Aaron Burr and Federalists John Adams, Charles C. Pinckney and John Jay. The election highlighted the ongoing battle between Democratic-Republican supporters of the French, who were embroiled in their own bloody revolution, and the pro-British Federalists who wanted to implement English-style policies in American government. The Federalists abhorred the French revolutionaries\u2019 overzealous use of the guillotine and as a result were less forgiving in their foreign policy toward the French. They advocated a strong centralized government, a standing military and financial support of emerging industries. In contrast, Jefferson\u2019s Republicans preferred limited government, unadulterated states\u2019 rights and a primarily agrarian economy. They feared that Federalists would abandon revolutionary ideals and revert to the English monarchical tradition. As secretary of state under Washington, Jefferson opposed Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton\u2019s proposal to increase military expenditures and resigned when Washington supported the leading Federalist\u2019s plan for a national bank. [PAR] After a bloodless but ugly campaign in which candidates and influential supporters on both sides used the press, often anonymously, as a forum to fire slanderous volleys at each other, the then-laborious and confusing process of voting began in April 1800. Individual states scheduled elections at different times and although Jefferson and Burr ran on the same ticket, as president and vice president respectively, the Constitution still demanded votes for each individual to be counted separately. As a result, by the end of January 1801, Jefferson and Burr emerged tied at 73 electoral votes apiece. Adams came in third at 65 votes. [PAR] This unintended result sent the final vote to the House of Representatives. Sticklers in the Federalist-controlled House of Representatives insisted on following the Constitution\u2019s flawed rules and refused to elect Jefferson and Burr together on the same ticket. The highly influential Federalist Alexander Hamilton, who mistrusted Jefferson but hated Burr more, persuaded the House to vote against Burr, whom he called the most unfit manfor the office of president. (This accusation and others led Burr to challenge Hamilton to a duel in 1804 that resulted in Hamilton\u2019s death.) Two weeks before the scheduled inauguration, Jefferson emerged victorious and Burr was confirmed as his vice president. [PAR] A contingent of sword-bearing soldiers escorted the new president to his inauguration on March 4, 1801, illustrating the contentious nature of the election and the victors\u2019 fear of reprisal. In his inaugural address, Jefferson sought to heal political differences by graciously declaring We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. [PAR] As president, Jefferson made some concessions to his opponents, including taking Hamilton\u2019s advice to strengthen the American Navy. In 1801, Jefferson sent naval squadrons and Marines to suppress Barbary piracy against American shipping. He reduced the national debt by one-third, acquired the Louisiana Territory, and his sponsorship of the Lewis and Clark expedition opened the west to exploration"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fashoda Incident - Videos - mashpedia.com Fashoda Incident - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos [PAR] Fashoda Incident [PAR] NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] [PAR] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE [PAR] South Africa (1914) [PAR] The Fashoda Incident or Crisis was the climax of imperial territorial disputes between Britain and France in Eastern Africa , occurring in 1898. A French expedition to Fashoda on the White Nile river sought to gain control of the Upper Nile river basin and thereby exclude Britain from the Sudan . The French party and a British detachment met on friendly terms, but back in Europe, it became a war scare. The British held firm as both nations stood on the verge of war with heated rhetoric on both sides. Under heavy pressure the French withdrew, securing Anglo-Egyptian control over the area. The status quo was recognised by an agreement between the two states acknowledging British control over Egypt, while France became the dominant power in Morocco . France had failed in its main goals. P.M.H. Bell says: [PAR] \"Between the two governments there was a brief battle of wills, with the British insisting on immediate and unconditional French withdrawal from Fashoda. The French had to accept these terms, amounting to a public humiliation....Fashoda was long remembered in France as an example of British brutality and injustice.\" [1] [PAR] It was a diplomatic victory for the British as the French realized that in the long run they needed the friendship of Britain in case of a war between France and Germany. [2] [3] It was the last crisis between the two that involved a threat of war (until 1940) and opened the way for closer relations in the Entente cordiale of 1904. It gave rise to the ' Fashoda syndrome ' in French foreign policy, or seeking to assert French influence in areas which might be becoming susceptible to British influence. [4] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background[ edit ] [PAR] During the late 19th century, Africa was rapidly being claimed and exploited by European colonial powers. After the 1885 Berlin Conference regarding West Africa, Europe's great powers went after any remaining lands in Africa that were not already under another European nation's influence. This period in African history is usually called the Scramble for Africa . The two principal powers involved in this scramble were Britain and France, along with Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. [5] [PAR] The French thrust into the African interior was mainly from the continent's Atlantic coast (modern Senegal ) eastward, through the Sahel along the southern border of the Sahara , a territory covering modern Senegal, Mali , Niger , and Chad . Their ultimate goal was to have an uninterrupted link between the Niger River and the Nile , hence controlling all trade to and from the Sahel region, by virtue of their existing control over the caravan routes through the Sahara. France also had an outpost near the mouth of the Red Sea in Djibouti ( French Somaliland ), which could serve as an eastern anchor to an east-west belt of French territory across the continent. [6] [PAR] The British, on the other hand, wanted to link their possessions in Southern Africa (modern South Africa , Botswana , Malawi , Lesotho , Zimbabwe , and Zambia ), with their territories in East Africa (modern Kenya ), and these two areas with the Nile basin. Sudan , which then included today's South Sudan and Uganda , was the key to the fulfilment of these ambitions, especially since Egypt was already under British control. This 'red line' (i.e. a proposed railway,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] dying words of famous people - famous last words dying words of famous people - famous last words [PAR] Last Words, death bed statements . . . [PAR] Thomas Jefferson--still survives... [PAR] ~~ John Adams, US President, d. July 4, 1826 [PAR] (Actually, Jefferson had died earlier that same day.) [PAR] This is the last of earth! I am content. [PAR] ~~ John Quincy Adams, US President, d. February 21, 1848 [PAR] See in what peace a Christian can die. [PAR] ~~ Joseph Addison, writer, d. June 17, 1719 [PAR] Is it not meningitis? [PAR] ~~ Louisa M. Alcott, writer, d. 1888 [PAR] Waiting are they? Waiting are they? Well--let 'em wait. [PAR] In response to an attending doctor who attempted to comfort him by saying, \"General, I fear the angels are waiting for you.\" [PAR] ~~ Ethan Allen, American Revolutionary general, d. 1789 [PAR] Am I dying or is this my birthday? [PAR] When she woke briefly during her last illness and found all her family around her bedside. [PAR] ~~ Lady Nancy Astor, d. 1964 [PAR] Nothing, but death. [PAR] When asked by her sister, Cassandra, if there was anything she wanted. [PAR] ~~ Jane Austen, writer, d. July 18, 1817 [PAR] Codeine . . . bourbon. [PAR] ~~ Tallulah Bankhead, actress, d. December 12, 1968 [PAR] How were the receipts today at Madison Square Garden? [PAR] ~~ P. T. Barnum, entrepreneur, d. 1891 [PAR] I can't sleep. [PAR] ~~ James M. Barrie, author, d. 1937 [PAR] Is everybody happy? I want everybody to be happy. I know I'm happy. [PAR] ~~ Ethel Barrymore, actress, d. June 18, 1959 [PAR] Die? I should say not, dear fellow. No Barrymore would allow such a conventional thing to happen to him. [PAR] ~~ John Barrymore, actor, d. May 29, 1942 [PAR] I am ready to die for my Lord, that in my blood the Church may obtain liberty and peace. [PAR] ~~ Thomas \u00e0 Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, d.1170 [PAR] Now comes the mystery. [PAR] ~~ Henry Ward Beecher, evangelist, d. March 8, 1887 [PAR] In her new book The Most Famous Man in America, author Debby Applegate writes on page 466 that Beecher's last words in fact were, \"You were saying that I could not recover.\" Ms. Applegate has not been able to confirm the traditional version of Beecher's last words. [PAR] Friends applaud, the comedy is finished. [PAR] ~~ Ludwig van Beethoven, composer, d. March 26, 1827 [PAR] I should never have switched from Scotch to Martinis. [PAR] ~~ Humphrey Bogart, actor, d. January 14, 1957 [PAR] Josephine... [PAR] ~~ Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor, May 5, 1821 [PAR] I am about to -- or I am going to -- die: either expression is correct. [PAR] ~~ Dominique Bouhours, French grammarian, d. 1702 [PAR] Ah, that tastes nice. Thank you. [PAR] ~~ Johannes Brahms, composer, d. April 3, 1897 [PAR] Oh, I am not going to die, am I? He will not separate us, we have been so happy. [PAR] Spoken to her husband of 9 months, Rev. Arthur Nicholls. [PAR] ~~ Charlotte Bronte, writer, d. March 31, 1855 [PAR] Beautiful. [PAR] In reply to her husband who had asked how she felt. [PAR] ~~ Elizabeth Barrett Browning, writer, d. June 28, 1861 [PAR] Now I shall go to sleep. Goodnight. [PAR] ~~ Lord George Byron, writer, d. 1824 [PAR] Et tu, Brute? [PAR] ~~ Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman Emperor, d. 44 BC [PAR] I am still alive! [PAR] Stabbed to death by his own guards - (as reported by Roman historian Tacitus) [PAR] ~~ Gaius Caligula,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Empire: Caribbean: Barbados Caribbean: Barbados [PAR] Brief History [PAR] Unusually for the Caribbean, the island remained entirely in the possession of the British until its independence in 1966. It was touched in 1625 by the British ship Olive Blossom, whose crew, finding it uninhabited, took possession in the name. of James I. The first settlement was made in that year, at the direction of Sir William Courteen under the patent of Lord Leigh (Ley), afterwards Earl of Marlborough, to whom the island had been granted by the king. Two years later, a compromise having been effected with Lord Marlborough, a grant of the island was obtained by the Earl of Carlisle, whose claim was based on a grant, from the king, of all the Caribbean islands in 1624; and in 1628 Charles Wolferstone, a native of Bermuda, was appointed as governor. In the same year sixtyfour settlers arrived at Carlisle Bay and the present capital was founded. [PAR] It was sugar that brought the Africans to Barbados, creating a rural-industrial proletariat decades before the English Industrial Revolution. Blacks not only cut cane: at the centre of every plantation was the factory: the sugar mill - Barbados has one of the few remaining in the Caribbean, at Morgan Lewis - and the boiling house and the sugar curing house, perhaps a distilling house for the manufacture of rum. Much skill was required, particularly from the sugar-boilers. [PAR] During the Civil War in England many Royalists sought refuge in Barbados, where, under Lord Willoughby (who had leased the island from the Earl of Carlisle), they offered determined resistance to the forces of the Commonwealth. Willoughby, however, was ultimately defeated and exiled. [PAR] After the Restoration, to appease the planters, doubtful as to the title under which they held the estates which they, had converted into valuable properties, the proprietary or patent interest was abolished, and the crown took over the government of the island; a duty of 4.5% on all exports being imposed to satisfy the claims of the patentees. In 1684, under the governorship of Sir Richard Dutton, a census was taken, according to which the population then consisted of 20,000 whites and 46,000 slaves. The European wars of the 18th century caused much suffering, as the West Indies were the scene of numerous battles between the British and the French. During this period a portion of the 4.5 % duty was returned to the colony in the form of the governors salary. [PAR] In the course of the American War of Independence Barbados again experienced great hardships owing to the restrictions placed upon the importation of provisions from the American colonies, and in 1778 the distress became so acute that the British government had to send relief. For three years after the peace of Amiens in 1802 the colony enjoyed uninterrupted calm, but in 1805 it was only saved from falling into the hands of the French by the timely arrival of Admiral Cochrane. Since that date, however, it remained unthreatened in the possession of the British. The rupture between Great Britain. and the United States in 1812 caused privateering to be resumed, the trade of the colony being almost destroyed. This led to an agitation for the repeal of the duty, but it was not till 1838 that the efforts to secure this were successful. The abolition of slavery in 1834 was attended by no ill results, the slaves continuing to work for their masters as hired servants, and a period of great prosperity succeeded. The proposed confederation of the Windward Islands in 1876, however, provoked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (Phase ... Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (Phase III) | Our Work | JICA [PAR] Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (Phase III) [PAR] Information Disclosure under new Guidelines [PAR] Projects classified as Category A, B, or FI [PAR] Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (Phase III) [PAR] Country, Site [PAR] The Republic of the Philippines, Metro Manila [PAR] Project Outline [PAR] The objective of the Project is to mitigate flood damage in Metro Manila caused by channel overflow of the Pasig-Marikina River by implementing river channel improvement works. [PAR] Category [PAR] A [PAR] Reason of Categorization [PAR] The project is likely to have significant adverse impact due to its characteristic under the JICA guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April, 2010).[DOC] [TLE] Wastewater Management and the Pasig River in Manila ... Wastewater Management and the Pasig River in Manila, Philippines | Asian Development Bank [PAR] Wastewater Management and the Pasig River in Manila, Philippines [PAR] Article | 1 August 2011 [PAR] Print [PAR] Environmental engineer Robert Baffrey is living his childhood dream of cleaning up the Pasig river. As head of Manila Water's wastewater operations, Robert is responsible for implementing the utility's sewerage and septage management program that contributes to reducing pollution in the Pasig, Marikina, and San Juan rivers, and bringing total wastewater management in Metro Manila. [PAR] What made you interested in wastewater treatment? [PAR] Believe it or not, when I was young, I would always tell my grandmother and grandfather as we passed the severely polluted Pasig River: \"You see that river? I'm going to clean that up one day.\" [PAR] Of course these were the musings of a child, and I can't say that I didn't find myself wanting to do other things as I made my way through school. Even professional basketball seemed like a viable option back then. But some way, somehow, I found my way back to this idealistic goal. It's quite amusing to me that I find myself in this position, managing wastewater treatment facilities. Everyday, we treat more than 135 million liters of wastewater that would have otherwise polluted our rivers. Slowly but surely, we are contributing to cleaning up that dirty river. [PAR] I often tell our team that there are not a lot of jobs where you can go to sleep at night and say, \"This is what I did today: I treated wastewater and protected our rivers. I did something good. I made an impact.\" It's very inspiring to be working with the people at Manila Water who genuinely care about this type of service, and who more often than not go beyond what is required within their jobs to do something concrete for the betterment of Metro Manila and the Philippines in general. I love my work. I'm having a good time and I hope to keep on doing it. [PAR] What has made Manila Water focus on wastewater management? [PAR] When Manila Water took over Metro Manila's East Zone in 1997, we had such a high demand for clean water. Obviously, this was our initial focus, bringing us to where we are now: 99.99% reliability, 24 hours a day, and at 99% total coverage of the East Zone. Of course, there are still areas that we still want to serve with water, but generally we've done a tremendous amount to provide clean, clear, and refreshing water to our customers. However, under the concession agreement, it's also our mandate to do address sewerage and sanitation. This is the missing part of the equation, and the real focus over the next few"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Holy text, beliefs and practices - Religious tolerance Zorastrianism: holy text, beliefs and practices [PAR] Holy text, beliefs and practices [PAR] Sponsored link. [PAR] Zoroastrian Sacred Text: [PAR] The Zorastrian holy book is called the Avesta. This includes the original words of their founder Zarathushtra, preserved in a series of five hymns, called the Gathas. The latter represent the basic source of the religion. The Gathas are abstract sacred poetry, directed towards the worship of the One God, understanding of righteousness and cosmic order, promotion of social justice and individual choice between good and evil. The Gathas have a general and even universal vision. [PAR] At some later date (most scholars say many centuries after the death of Zarathustra), the remaining parts of the Avestas were written. These deal with laws of ritual and practice, with the traditions of the faith. The Zoroastrian community is sharply divided between those who would follow mostly (or exclusively) the teachings of the original Gathas, and those who believe that the later traditions are important and equally divinely inspired. [PAR] Zoroastrian Beliefs: [PAR] Beliefs include: [PAR] A single god Ahura Mazda who is supreme. Communication between Himself and humans is by a number of Attributes, called Amesha Spentas or Bounteous Immortals. Within the Gathas, the original Zoroastrian sacred text, these Immortals are sometimes described as concepts, and are sometimes personified. [PAR] One school of thought promotes a cosmic dualism between: [PAR] An all powerful God Ahura Mazda who is the only deity worthy of being worshipped, and [PAR] An evil spirit of violence and death, Angra Mainyu, who opposes Ahura Mazda. [PAR] The resulting cosmic conflict involves the entire universe, including humanity who is required to choose which to follow. Evil, and the Spirit of Evil, will be completely destroyed at the end of time. Dualism will come to an end and Goodness will be all in all. [PAR] Another school of thought perceives the battle between Good and Evil as an ethical dualism, set within the human consciousness. [PAR] Asha is a form of righteous, an all encompassing, natural law. [PAR] Legends, which are probably not those of Zarathushtra's original teachings are: [PAR] After death, a person's urvan (soul) is allowed three days to meditate on his/her past life. The soul is then judged by a troika consisting of Mithra, Sraosha and Rashnu. If the good thoughts, words and deeds outweigh the bad, then the soul is taken into Heaven. Otherwise, the soul is led to Hell. [PAR] The universe will go through a total of three eras: [PAR] Creation; [PAR] The present world where good and evil are mixed. People's good works are seen as gradually transforming the world towards its heavenly ideal; [PAR] A final state after this renovation when good and evil will be separated. [PAR] Eventually, everything will be purified. Even the occupants of hell will be released. [PAR] A Saoshyant (savior) will be born of a virgin, but of the lineage of the Prophet Zoroaster who will raise the dead and judge everyone in a final judgment. This is a theme that is seen in many world religions. [PAR] Sponsored link:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ExecutedToday.com \u00bb 1685: James Scott, Duke of Monmouth ExecutedToday.com \u00bb 1685: James Scott, Duke of Monmouth [PAR] 1685: James Scott, Duke of Monmouth [PAR] July 15th, 2008 Headsman [PAR] On this date in 1685, the haughty Duke of Monmouth mounted the scaffold at London\u2019s Tower Hill to suffer beheading for treason, and tipped the headsman with the words, \u201cHere are six guineas for you and do not hack me as you did my Lord Russell . I have heard you struck him four or five times; If you strike me twice, I cannot promise you not to stir.\u201d* [PAR] Upon this tart public reminder of his recent and infamous failure of craft, the eponymous executioner Jack Ketch quite came apart. [PAR] Monmouth, certainly, would have appreciated the advance that would bring the guillotine . Beheading by a free-swinging axe was a ghoulishly inexact procedure : bad aim, insufficient force, an untimely flinch, or the tough neck muscles of a grizzled campaigner regularly complicated the process. Jack Ketch is sometimes reported a sadist, and sometimes a professional hangman so rarely summoned to give a nobleman the chop that he simply lacked proficiency. Either way, he\u2019d been on the job for a generation by this time: his reputation for infelicity with the blade preceded him. [PAR] Historical fiction from the perspective of the Duke of Monmouth. [PAR] Monmouth , an illegitimate son of King Charles II, had cause to dread Ketch\u2019s offices for the rebellious culmination of a long power struggle with his uncle, the future King James II. [PAR] The personal contest between these men for the throne of England was the echo of the decades-old struggles straining the English polity \u2014 the Reformation and the reach of royal authority . [PAR] As it became known that the king\u2019s brother James had gone from Catholic sympathizer to Catholic convert, Protestants began maneuvering to keep him from inheriting the crown. For three years, Parliament pushed the Exclusion Bill , which would have excluded James from succession.** [PAR] Favor among the bill\u2019s supporters settled on the Protestant playboy Monmouth \u2014 politically convenient rumors that he was actually a legitimate child began circulating. \u201cWeak, bad, and beautiful,\u201d this unfriendly-to-Monmouth free book has him; whatever he was, his allies in the House of Commons were handily outmaneuvered. The Exclusion measures failed, and in 1685, James II began his reign as England\u2019s last Roman Catholic monarch. [PAR] Monmouth\u2019s hopes had been raised, however, and he proceeded to invade England at Dorset with a somewhat ragtag army that was routed by the Protestant royal troops who remained loyal to James at the Battle of Sedgemoor \u2014 not quite the last battle fought on English soil, but the last consequential one (the last fought with pitchforks makes a livelier distinction). Monmouth was caught trying to get away in a shepherd\u2019s disguise . Other fugitives of his cause were hunted mercilessly . [PAR] The defeated duke was reputedly not above begging the sovereign for his life; obviously, that didn\u2019t work out. But his cause was a popular one, nearing reverence among some commoners. Jack Ketch may have had a case of the butterflies even before the duke undressed him \u2026 and as it turns out, Ketch almost left the scaffold worse than his victim. [PAR] Here is the scene in Macaulay\u2019s words : [PAR] The hangman addressed himself to his office. But he had been disconcerted by what the Duke had said. The first blow inflicted only a slight wound. The Duke struggled, rose from the block, and looked reproachfully at the executioner. The head sank down"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Odd One In (TV Series 2010\u2013 ) - IMDb Odd One In (TV Series 2010\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 21 Sep 2011 [PAR] Title: Odd One In (2010\u2013 ) [PAR] 6.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] 17 July 2010 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Odd One In has been nominated in the 16th annual \"National Television Awards\" in the Best Entertainment Programme category. The only TV awards ceremony where viewers choose all the winners. See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] A new old fashioned game show [PAR] 29 June 2011 | by studioAT [PAR] (United Kingdom) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Odd one in has the same sort of style that game shows of the 1970's used to have and is perfect for Saturday night entertainment for all the family. [PAR] The premise is simple but well executed and the promise of a different guest panel each week means that the format does not become stale while views are also given the chance to get to know the regular panel of Peter Andre and Jason Manford. [PAR] This is the type of show that really plays on the strengths of Bradley Walsh as the host and his cheeky chappie persona really suits this show. [PAR] Hopefully viewers will latch onto it and it will become a staple of Saturday night viewing. [PAR] 0 of 0 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? [PAR] Yes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basil, Lemon (Ocimum citriodorum) Seeds Basil, Lemon (Ocimum citriodorum) Seeds [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] This sale is for 50 Lemon Basil (Ocimum citridorum) seeds packed into airtight and water tight glass vials complete with organic cotton and silica beads for excellent long term storage in the freezer. Use some seed this season and save the rest for next year and year after year. Seed saved this way can and usually does last decades. Ocimum citriodorum is known as Lemon basil, Thai lemon basil or Lao basil. The herb is grown primarily in northeastern Africa and southern Asia for its strong fragrant lemon scent, and is used in cooking. Lemon basil stems can grow to 1-3' tall. It has white flowers in late summer to early fall. The leaves are similar to basil leaves, but tend to be narrower. Seeds form on the plant after flowering and dry on the plant. Lemon basil is a popular herb in Arabic, Indonesian, Lao, Persian and Thai cuisine. We use this herb in medicinal teas for a truly amazing lemon flavor...just excellent. Also used on baked salmon at home to impart both the lemon and basil flavors. [PAR] Related Items[DOC] [TLE] Lime Basil Seeds (Ocimum x citriodorum) - myseedneeds.com Lime Basil Seeds (Ocimum basillicum) [PAR] Reviews (0) [PAR] Lime Basil [PAR] Grow a garden filled with the citrus scent of Lime Basil, from freshly harvested Ocimum x citriodorum seeds. Lime Basil is a delicious culinary herb, used in all sorts of dishes in the kitchen. It's citrus flavor, adds an extra something to meals, not to mention it smells great in the garden as well. The plants themselves will reach a mature height of roughly 12 to 20 inches tall, and can spread about 12 to 18 inches wide. The leaves area pretty decent size, measuring about 2 inches long. Lime Basil is known to detur some pesky insects including hornworms, aphids and mites as well. [PAR] Like most Basil, Lime Basil is categorized as an annual herb. Annuals such as this will grow quickly from freshly harvested Ocimum x citriodorum seeds. they produce leaves and flowers within a single season and can be regrown the following year, if the seeds are collected before the end of the Autumn season. Lime Basil plants wilt with the cooler temperatures of winter. [PAR] [PAR] Sowing The Seed [PAR] Basil can be grown indoors or directly outdoors. If started indoors, sow in peat pots, 6 to 8 weeks prior to the last frost. Sow the seeds at a depth of 1/8\u201d under topsoil so that direct light can reach them. Transplant or direct sow outdoors when the weather is warm & all danger of frost passes. Check below for spacing and growth habits. [PAR] Growing Conditions [PAR] Basil will enjoy an area that receives full sunlight for the majority of the day, with temperatures of at least 65F or more. The soil should be rich in organic matter, but also well drained. To improve drainage, we recommend adding a light compost to any areas that consist of hard, compact soil. Water the seeds daily with a mist setting or other light water setting to avoid overwatering and/or disturbing the seeds. [PAR] Germination & Growth [PAR] Your Basil seeds will typically take up to 7 to 14 days to begin sprouting open. The plants will display a bushy, compact formation, and can reach a mature height of 12 to 20 inches tall and a width of 12 to 18 inches wide. Space each plant roughly 6 to 12 inches apart from one another. To promote the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fruit Brandy Guide - Slivovitz And Other Spirits - Esquire Fruit Brandy Guide - Slivovitz And Other Spirits [PAR] May 8, 2015 [PAR] It began, like so many things, with stories about my grandfather. [PAR] It goes that as his children (my father and aunt) were starving to break the fast on Yom Kippur, they'd peer out the apartment window, waiting to spot him walking back from synagogue. He'd take his sweet time, pull off his coat and hat, open a rarely used cabinet, blow the dust off an old bottle, take a sip of something, make a face, then announce that everyone could eat. [PAR] Advertisement - Continue Reading Below [PAR] That old bottle contained a liquid known as Slivovitz, which is pronounced differently all over Central and Eastern Europe, but in my family we call it \"Shleeve-O-Wits.\" I'm not saying we pronounced it correctly, and frankly, when we refer to it at all, we usually call it \"that rocket fuel.\" [PAR] Slivovitz is a type of high-proof plum brandy that was popular with Jewish grandfathers because it's not only kosher, but since it contains no grain, it's also kosher-for-Passover (which is, like, extra kosher.) The only mention of it in any American movie I can think of is in Barry Levinson's Avalon, where they are reminiscing about the long-deceased family patriarch. Now, Slivovitz is, at first taste, absolutely repulsive, but it is a window into a galaxy of exciting, robust liquors that don't get much play in the United States. Luckily I'm here to help you sort it out, because it can get confusing. [PAR] Most Popular [PAR] We can broadly categorize Slivovitz and the other strange spirits I'm about to offer up as fruit brandies, but don't let that connote anything sweet or syrupy. In Germany, the catch-all term is Schnapps, which, again, may suggest an ultra-sugary dessert you sip over a game of bridge. The French call it Eau-de-Vie, which means \"water of life,\" but don't confuse it with Scandinavian Aquavit or Irish tub whiskey. In Balkan countries they call it Rakia, which is easily confused with the anise-based Turkish drink Raki, and the Hungarians call it P\u00e1linka. It's really just a distilled, fermented fruit beverage with an alcoholic punch that could knock a Cossack off his horse. They're almost always 80 proof or more, but the fruit flavoring isn't there to mask the alcohol. It adds a taste sensation that's all about being bright and present and opening your eyes real wide and making you say \"whooooaaaaaaaaaa!\" before you pass the bottle to your friend to dare him to take as big of a sip. [PAR] Have we got all that? Okay! Now, friends of mine know I've been tasting and collecting Central European fruit brandies for years\u2014to the point that few can escape my home without me shoving a shot of something exotically, gloriously putrid in their face. It's not like you have to take a test of strength to darken my doorstep \u2013 it's that there's an easily conjured conviviality, not to mention earned respect, in quaffing something so potent and unique. There's a little bit of pleasure in pain, especially if you can share it with pals. Here's what you are likely to taste if you ever come by: [PAR] The most common Slivovitz hails from Serbia, but I brought back a bottle from Budapest for my home. The opaque ceramic container makes it look like something friendly, but inside there lurks the liquid of a demon. The clear potion inside has a whiff of plum and instantly transports you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What countries border Turkey? | Reference.com What countries border Turkey? | Reference.com [PAR] What countries border Turkey? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq and Syria. Bulgaria and Greece border each other as well to the northwest of Turkey. Armenia is in-between Georgia and Azerbaijan to the east of Turkey. Iran is just south of Azerbaijan and next to Iraq. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Syria is next to Iraq and southeast of Turkey. Turkey is bordered by three seas: the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the southwest. Turkey's total land area is 780,580 square kilometers, making it slightly larger than the state of Texas. Turkey has 7,200 kilometers of coastline."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amychophobia | Article about amychophobia by The Free ... Amychophobia | Article about amychophobia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Amychophobia | Article about amychophobia by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/amychophobia [PAR] [\u201aam\u00b7\u0259\u00b7k\u0259\u2032f\u014db\u00b7\u0113\u00b7\u0259] [PAR] (psychology) [PAR] Abnormal fear of being scratched or clawed. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sophomore year: College grows up | Unigo Sophomore year: College grows up | Unigo [PAR] Sophomore year: College grows up [PAR] Sophomore year: College grows up [PAR] College Sophomore [PAR] 05/05/2015 [PAR] Share [PAR] Sophomore year is an awkward stage of college. You\u2019re not the baby freshman, and you\u2019re not the king or queen of campus, as the juniors and seniors are. Instead, you\u2019re in a collegiate pubescent phase in which your college identity is still developing. [PAR] The second year of college is a time when your social life and academic life could dramatically change as you get more involved in your college and its town. [PAR] While some students decide to take their college adventure off campus after freshman year, many stay on campus for sophomore year. In colleges where students switch dorms each year, this could mean a new social circle. Although embracing this new group of floor-mates is exciting, it often means that some freshman-year friends will be left behind. [PAR] Sophomore year is also a time when you will have to make decisions that could shape the rest of your college experience. By participating in an array of clubs and programs that you may have been reluctant to join freshman year, you are developing a social network that could stick with you for the rest of your life. [PAR] \u201cFor me, sophomore year meant getting involved in Greek Life, service, and applying for study abroad. Greek Life and service has helped me get involved much more,\u201d Laura Mitchell, a sophomore at Saint Joseph\u2019s University, stated in an e-mail. [PAR] Whether it\u2019s Greek Life, religious groups, student government, or another organization, exploring your school\u2019s extracurricular options as a sophomore will not only provide an opportunity to meet people with similar interests, but it may also give you an inside track for moving up within the club or group as you progress through your college career. [PAR] Academically, sophomore year is much different from your first year at school. The professors cut the umbilical cord and expect you to have adapted to the college workload. No more mandatory meetings with your academic advisor, and no more easy breaks from professors on papers you write. [PAR] Mitchell stated that sophomore year is much harder than freshman year. [PAR] \u201cClasses seem to never end with work,\u201d she said. \u201cFreshman year was a joke, especially with easy starter classes.\u201d [PAR] Those days of taking all introductory classes packed with facts you remember from high school lessons are over. Sophomore year is when you study your selected major more in-depth. [PAR] If you don\u2019t have a major by sophomore year or if you\u2019re unsure about that philosophy major you declared as a freshman, sophomore year is the time to decide what you want to study \u2013 that is, if you have plans to graduate in four years. [PAR] If you\u2019re considering a minor, you will want to look into what you must do to complete it successfully. You don\u2019t want to have to put your cap and gown on hold because you completed your major but still want to finish the minor you had your heart set on. [PAR] Sophomore year is also when students start looking into study abroad programs. If you\u2019re thinking about going to China, Europe, or anywhere else outside the States, you\u2019ll have to look into where you want to go, as well as when\u2014and most importantly, how you plan on paying for it. [PAR] Although sophomore year may not be the most glorious of the four years, it could in many ways be the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pleiades Constellation | Subaru Australia The Pleiades Constellation | Subaru Australia [PAR] The Pleiades Constellation [PAR] The Pleiades Constellation [PAR] The Pleiades Constellation [PAR] The name Subaru is Japanese, meaning \u2018unite\u2019 - but it\u2019s also a term for a cluster of six stars in the Taurus constellation, named 'Pleiades' by the Ancient Greeks. At the time, these stars were thought to represent the seven daughters of Greek mythological figures Atlas and Pleione. [PAR] But how can there be seven daughters and only six stars in the Pleiades constellation? Because there are in fact seven stars, but only six are obviously visible to the naked eye. [PAR] The seven daughters in the Pleiades [PAR] Alcyone - Meaning \u2018queen who wards off evil\u2019, Alcyone is the central and largest star of the Pleiades constellation. She is often seen as representing the whole cluster of stars. [PAR] Asterope - A double star in the Pleiades constellation, literally translates as \u2018lightening\u2019. [PAR] Merope - The only Pleiad to marry a mortal, her star shines less brightly than those that represent her sisters. [PAR] Maia - The eldest of the Seven Sisters, Maia was said to be the most beautiful. According to Greek myth, Maia was a lover of Zeus and gave birth to Hermes. [PAR] Taygeta - After being defiled by Zeus while unconscious, Taygeta went into hiding. For her protection, she was transformed into a doe. [PAR] Celaeno - Celaeno was married to Poseidon. Translated, her name means \u2018darkness\u2019 or \u2018blackness\u2019. Celaeno is sometimes referred to as the Lost Pleiad, as her star is sometimes difficult to see with the naked eye. [PAR] Electra - The third brightest star in the constellation, Electra means \u2018amber\u2019, \u2018shining\u2019 and \u2018bright\u2019. Electra was the wife of Corythus. She was seduced by Zeus and gave birth to Dardanus, who became the founder of Troy. [PAR] Follow Us:[DOC] [TLE] SUBARU models & history - autoevolution SUBARU models & history - autoevolution [PAR] autoevolution [PAR] 8 discontinued [PAR] history [PAR] Subaru actually means \u201cunite\u201d and it refers to the six stars on the logo that stand for the 6 companies that are united under the FHI group. The largest of the stars represents Fuji Heavy Industries. The company started out in 1917 in Japan as a aircraft research laboratory but soon moved to producing airplanes. [PAR] After WWII, the company created a scooter, the Fuji Rabbit with the spare parts from airplanes. Pretty soon, the company split up into different business that manufactured scooters, coaches, engines and chassis. Then CEO Kenji Kita decided that it would be a good idea to get involved in car making and pretty soon the first Subaru car was created, the Subaru 1500 (1954). [PAR] The 1500 or P1 was followed by the 360 in 1958, the Sambar in 1961, the 1000 in 1965, gthe 1100 and the R2 in 1969. During the 70s, the Leone came out and then later, in the 80s, the Alcyclone (1985) and the Legacy (1989) were added to the Subaru line-up. [PAR] Slowly, in the 90s, the company moved away from the manufacture of small vehicles and concentrated on rally cars, such as the Vivio and Impreza. Different versions of the Impreza WRX won the world championship several times under drivers such as Colin McRae. [PAR] Using the technology from the aeronautical industry, Subaru employed many successful inventions in the automotive industry. One of the first was the us of horizontally opposed \u201cboxer\u201d engines as well as the use of monocoque construction. Also, Subaru is the only car manufacturer to offer all-wheel drive as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Temperature, weight and volume conversions for cooks - Wiki Temperature, weight and volume conversions for cooks - Wiki [PAR] Simple culinary conversions? [PAR] Conversion tables of measurable unit commonly used by cooks in the kitchen. [PAR] The values in these conversion tables are only approximate and have been rounded up or down for clarity. [PAR] Always stick to either metric or imperial measurements in the same recipe. [PAR] 100's of our ingredients pages now have (US) cup to weight conversion tables to, so if you need to know how much a cup of parsley weighs, just enter Parsley in the search box hit return. The cup to weight calculations are at the bottom of every ingredient page. [PAR] Oven Temperature [PAR] Oven temperatures can be in degrees Celsius (International) -- previously Centigrade, degrees Fahrenheit (in the USA) or by gas mark (UK). This table provides a rough guide to conversion between the ranges. [PAR] For fan assisted ovens , use a setting of 20\u00b0 Celsius (36\u00b0 Fahrenheit) less than the recipe calls for. Cooking times can probably be reduced by 10 minutes for every hour of cooking time. [PAR] The fan oven temperatures on the right are the equivalent to all of the left hand values. [PAR] Centigrade [PAR] 2 kg [PAR] Note on cup measurements. [PAR] In 'modern' recipes, use of the cup measure appears mainly in American recipes. Even here in the UK, there are 2 standards. The Commonwealth or Imperial cup measurement is 1/2 pint though in practice it is only commonly used in historic/old recipes. If your recipe uses cups as the 'base' measurement for all ingredients, then you should be OK. If you are uncertain, err on the side of caution (play it safe). In general, it is easy to add a little more of an ingredient - it is much harder (impossible??) to take it away again after adding it. Wikipedia article on cup measures [PAR] Spoon measures[DOC] [TLE] Oven Temperature Conversion \u2013 Fahrenheit, Celsius and Gas Mark Oven Temperature Conversion \u2013 Fahrenheit & Celsius [PAR] 0 comments [PAR] Here\u2019s a useful chart showing oven temperature conversions for fahrenheit, celsius, and gas marks. All common oven temperatures are below. Since it is such a common question, if you\u2019re wondering what 350 degrees F in celsius is, it\u2019s 177 degrees C. [PAR] Oven Temperature Conversion Chart: Fahrenheit, Celsius and Gas Mark [PAR] We\u2019ll often come across a recipe that we would love to make, but find the oven temperature listed in the recipe is not what we are used to. Here, in the United States we use Fahrenheit. That shouldn\u2019t stop us from making delicious recipes from other countries, though. [PAR] These conversions are approximate for Fahrenheit, Celsius, and gas marks. [PAR] Fahrenheit [PAR] Very Hot [PAR] [PAR] For the exact conversion, we have shared formulas for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa. [PAR] How to Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius [PAR] To convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, you will need to subtract 32 to the Fahrenheit temperature, multiply by 5, then divide by 9. [PAR] For example, to convert 350 degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius you would complete the following equation: [PAR] 350 degrees Fahrenheit \u2013 32 = 318 [PAR] 318 x 5 = 1590 [PAR] 1590 / 9 = 176.66 degrees Celsius, which can be rounded to 177 degrees Celsius [PAR] How to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit [PAR] To convert degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit, you will need to multiply degrees Celsius by 9, divide by 5, then add 32. [PAR] For example, to convert 177 degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) - Animals - A-Z Animals ... Dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris) - Animals - A-Z Animals [PAR] Five groups that classify all living things [PAR] Animalia [PAR] A group of animals within the animal kingdom [PAR] Chordata [PAR] A group of animals within a pylum [PAR] Mammalia [PAR] A group of animals within a class [PAR] Carnivora [PAR] A group of animals within an order [PAR] Canidae [PAR] A group of animals within a family [PAR] Canis [PAR] Comprised of the genus followed by the species [PAR] Canis lupus familiaris [PAR] The animal group that the species belongs to [PAR] Mammal [PAR] What kind of foods the animal eats [PAR] Carnivore [PAR] How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is [PAR] 50cm (20in) [PAR] The measurement of how heavy the animal is [PAR] 30kg (65lbs) [PAR] The fastest recorded speed of the animal [PAR] 50km/h (31mph) [PAR] How long the animal lives for [PAR] 15 years [PAR] Whether the animal is solitary or sociable [PAR] Solitary [PAR] Dog Location [PAR] Dog [PAR] Dogs are thought to have been first domesticated in East Asia thousands of years ago. People primarily used dogs for guarding the hunters and areas of land. [PAR] Todays domestic dog is actually a subspecies of the gray wolf , a type of dog that is feared by most humans . Many people today, in all countries around the world, keep dogs as household pets and many even regard their dog as a family member. [PAR] There are currently around 800 different species of domestic dog worldwide. Included are mountain dogs such as Saint Bernards or Huskys and territorial guard dogs like the Neapolitan and Tibetan Mastiffs. [PAR] Dog Foot Facts [PAR] Dogs have soft pads on the bottom of their feet which help them to run quickly and quietly [PAR] Dogs have sharp, strong claws on their feet which allow them to grip when running and also helps them to dig. [PAR] Some dog species have dew claws on the sides of their feet which help the dog to balance when running, like the baby toes on humans. [PAR] The dew claws on a dog never really touch the ground but are often used to help the dog to lightly grip their prey. [PAR] The paws of a dog are around half the size of the paws of the wolf , as the dog is generally not as powerful as the wolf. [PAR] Dog Teeth Facts [PAR] Dogs have highly specialised teeth which allows them to both bite and tear meat apart. [PAR] The teeth of the dog are small than those of their wolf relatives as the dog has no need to be able to catch and kill such large prey. [PAR] The tongue of the dog is vital in heat regulation as moisture on the tongue cools instantly and the cooler air is then passed into the respiratory system. [PAR] Puppys have around 28 teeth but the average adult dog has 42 teeth which include 12 incisors, 4 canines, 16 premolars and 10 molars. [PAR] When a puppy is about four months old, they shed their baby teeth and grow their permanent adult teeth which are much stronger. [PAR] Share This Article"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ivy League Colleges in the United States | eHow Ivy League Colleges in the United States | eHow [PAR] Ivy League Colleges in the United States [PAR] Arts Quad, Cornell University image by alstealth from Fotolia.com [PAR] There are eight Ivy League colleges in the United States, all of which are located in the northeastern corner of the country. These private institutions are highly regarded for their excellence in academics. Though known for social elitism, the Ivy League schools regularly are ranked among the best colleges in the world. [PAR] Harvard [PAR] The oldest college in the U.S. (est. 1639), Harvard has produced numerous American presidents, great thinkers and writers, and famous cultural figures. Harvard is one of the hardest schools in which to get accepted. [PAR] Harvard University[DOC] [TLE] How many Ivy League schools are there? How many Ivy League schools are there? [PAR] How many Ivy League schools are there? [PAR] Home Human , Technology , USA onurates 13 April 2012 [PAR] Ivy League term is using for a group of most important universities in America. This universities place every year on top 15 universities list every year. All the universities are placed on northeast part of USA. They have financial endowment every year from 2 million dollars to 32 million dollars. How many Ivy League schools are there? [PAR] Main members of Ivy League are 8 schools. They are Columbia University, Dartmouth College, Brown University, Cornell University, Yale University, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University and Princeton University. [PAR] All the schools of Ivy League are in a big rivalry. Their rivalry is not only on education; also sports are their main rivalry area on bowl, baseball, basketball and more. [PAR] They are lots of famous alumni of Ivy League on the American and World history. Brown University located on Rhode Island has lots of famous alumni like famous diplomat Richard Holbrooke and John D. Rockefeller Jr. the most famous philanthropist. [PAR] Columbia University located in New York has also graduated lots of American presidents like Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Barack Obama. Also founder of FM radio Edwin Armstrong graduated from this school. [PAR] [PAR] Cornell University is located on Ithaca, New York. Most famous alumni of school are Old president of Taiwan Lee Teng-hui and old president of Cuba Mario Garc\u00eda Menocal. [PAR] Dartmouth College is located in New Hampshire. Most famous alumni are old American president Nelson A. Rockefeller and famous movie director Dan Rush. [PAR] Harvard University is in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Old American president George W. Bush and famous movie director Darren Aronofsky is well known alumni of school. [PAR] Princeton University is in Princeton, New Jersey. Old American presidents James Madison and First Lady Michelle Obama graduated from this school. [PAR] University of Pennsylvania and Yale University have also lots of famous alumni."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Much Money Does Each Player Get In The Game Monopoly Monopoly Rules: How Much Money Does Each Player Get In The Game Monopoly [PAR] How Much Money Does Each Player Get In The Game Monopoly [PAR] First thing you'll need to know to play Monopoly [PAR] is how to get started. Pick a player to be the banker. As you might think, the banker's job is to deal with the money. [PAR] The first thing the banker needs to do is give each player their starting money. The starting money totals $1500 but needs to consist of the following bills: [PAR] 2 - $500 bills [PAR] 5 - $5 bills [PAR] 5 - $1 bills [PAR] The banker will also pay each player $200 every time they pass Go and collect the money needed to buy real estate. Towards the end of the game when players can't afford to pay rents on the properties that they stay at, the banker also handles bankruptcies. But we'll get to that in another post. [PAR] If your Monopoly board is old and worn out, (like mine) you may not have the instructions in the box anymore. If that's the case, then knowing how much each player gets when you start playing Monopoly is important to remember. [PAR] Posted by Anthony at[DOC] [TLE] Monopoly - Monopoly Wiki - Wikia Monopoly | Monopoly Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] History [PAR] The history of Monopoly can be traced back to the early 1900s. In 1904, a Quaker woman named Elizabeth (Lizzie) J. Magie Phillips created a game through which she hoped to be able to explain the single tax theory of Henry George (it was supposed to illustrate the negative aspects of concentrating land in private monopolies). Her game, The Landlord's Game, was commercially published a few years later. Other interested game players redeveloped the game and some made their own sets. Lizzie herself patented a revised edition of the game in 1904, and similar games were published commercially. By the early 1930s, a board game named Monopoly was created much like the version of Monopoly sold by Parker Brothers and its parent companies throughout the rest of the 20th century and into the 21st. The Parker Brothers' version was created by Charles Darrow . Several people, mostly in the U.S. Midwest and near the U.S. East Coast, contributed to the game's design and evolution. [PAR] In 1941 the British Secret Service had John Waddington Ltd., the licensed manufacturer of the game outside the U.S., create a special edition for World War II prisoners of war held by the Nazis. Hidden inside these games were maps, compasses, real money, and other objects useful for escaping. They were distributed to prisoners by the International Red Cross. [PAR] By the 1970s, the game's early history had been lost (and at least one historian has argued that it was purposely suppressed - see below), and the idea that it had been created solely by Charles Darrow had become popular folklore. This was stated in the 1974 book The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game, by Maxine Brady, and even in the instructions of the game itself. As Professor Ralph Anspach fought Parker Brothers and its then parent company, General Mills, over the trademarks of the Monopoly board game, much of the early history of the game was \"rediscovered.\" [PAR] Because of the lengthy court process, and appeals, the legal status of Parker Brothers' trademarks on the game was not settled until the mid-1980s. The game's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tykes | FOOTBALL FASHION.ORG Tykes | FOOTBALL FASHION.ORG [PAR] FOOTBALL FASHION.ORG [PAR] May 24, 2010 | Football Fashion Staff [PAR] Barnsley Football Club is an English soccer team, based in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, and nicknamed the Tykes. Barnsley FC currently campaigns in the English Football League Championship where they recently completed the 2009/10 season in 18th place. [PAR] Earlier today, Barnsley revealed its new Lotto home kit for the 2010/11 Championship season. According to the Tykes\u2019 website, \u201cthe 2010/2011 home kit has many innovative design features to make supporters stand out from the crowd, including a new collar design featuring the club name together with a distinctive white flash across the front and back.\u201d [PAR] The Lotto shirt design template used for Barnley\u2019s 10/11 home kit has been around since last year and was used for Fiorentina\u2019s 09/10 kits among others."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1976 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History - Filmsite.org 1976 Academy Awards\u00ae Winners and History [PAR] PETER FINCH in \"Network\" , Robert De Niro in [PAR] \"Taxi Driver\" , Giancarlo Giannini in \"Seven Beauties\", William Holden in \"Network\" , Sylvester Stallone in \"Rocky\" [PAR] Actress: [PAR] FAYE DUNAWAY in \"Network\" , Marie-Christine Barrault in \"Cousin Cousine\", Talia Shire in \"Rocky\" , Sissy Spacek in \"Carrie\", Liv Ullmann in \"Face to Face\" [PAR] Supporting Actor: [PAR] JASON ROBARDS in \"All the President's Men\", Ned Beatty in \"Network\" , Burgess Meredith in \"Rocky\" , Laurence Olivier in \"Marathon Man\" , Burt Young in \"Rocky\" [PAR] Supporting Actress: [PAR] BEATRICE STRAIGHT in \"Network\" , Jane Alexander in \"All the President's Men\", Jodie Foster in [PAR] \"Taxi Driver\" , Lee Grant in \"Voyage of the Damned\", Piper Laurie in \"Carrie\" [PAR] Director: [PAR] JOHN G. AVILDSEN for \"Rocky\" , Ingmar Bergman for \"Face to Face\", Sidney Lumet for \"Network\" , Alan J. Pakula for \"All the President's Men\", Lina Wertmuller for \"Seven Beauties\" [PAR] The Bi-Centennial year brought five solid and original films into competition with each other for Best Picture. [PAR] The ultimate winner was the underdog, low-budget, simplistic, feel-good boxing film, John Avildsen's and UA's Rocky (with ten nominations and three wins - including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Film Editing). It was the first in the endless series of sequels about a down-and-out young club fighter - 'the Italian Stallion' from South Philadelphia slums, who seeks self-respect, fame, and the American dream. With its Cinderella story, it was the first sports film to win the Best Picture award. [This upbeat boxing/prize-fighting genre film followed the conventions of previous films including The Champ (1931/32), Golden Boy (1939), Champion (1949), and Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956).] [PAR] It was shot from an original script by its unknown, unemployed, struggling break-out star Sylvester Stallone. [With Stallone's nominations for Best Actor and Best Original Screenplay, he joined only two others in Academy history with the same pair of honors in the same year: Charlie Chaplin (for The Great Dictator (1940)), and Orson Welles (for Citizen Kane (1941) ).] [PAR] Other Best Picture nominees included: [PAR] Sidney Lumet's black comedy and biting, prophetic satire about mass media in America, Network (with ten nominations and four wins - Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, and Paddy Chayefsky's Best Screenplay) - a satirical indictment of the world of commercial television. This film dominated the acting nominations. [This was director Sidney Lumet's third nomination without a win, and Chayefsky's third Oscar - Chayefsky's other two Oscars were Screenplay awards for Marty (1955) and The Hospital (1971).] [PAR] Alan J. Pakula's and producer Robert Redford's All the President's Men (with eight nominations and four wins - Best Supporting Actor, Best Screenplay, Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, and Best Sound), that told about the Watergate scandal as a gripping, conspiracy docu-drama and political thriller, while following Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward (Robert Redford) and Carl Bernstein (Dustin Hoffman) as the investigators of the scandal [PAR] Martin Scorsese's [PAR] Taxi Driver , (with four nominations and no wins!, and no recognition for its director) about an alienated, cab driver (and war veteran) named Travis Bickle (Robert De Niro) who unleashed his own internal violence upon the city; the film was noted for the lead actor's monologue before a mirror while rehearsing a planned assassination: \"You talkin' to me? You talkin' to me? You talkin' to me? Then who the hell else are you talking...you talkin' to me?\" [PAR] Hal Ashby's Bound for Glory (with six nominations and two wins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rules of Card games: L'Hombre - Pagat.com Rules of Card games: L'Hombre [PAR] Danish l'Hombre Union [PAR] Historical background [PAR] L'Hombre was developed in Spain in the early 17th century, as a variation of an earlier four player game, also called Hombre. The three player version, which in Spain was originally called Hombre Renegado spread rapidly across Europe and during the 17th and 18th centuries became the premier card game, occupying a position of prestige similar to Bridge today. It was variously known as Hombre, Ombre or L'Hombre, and over the years it acquired many variations, of increasing complexity. Its popularity was eclipsed in the late 18th century by a new four player variant Quadrille, which was in turn displaced by Whist , Boston and eventually Bridge . [PAR] Although L'Hombre died out in other parts of Europe, it remained popular in Denmark right up to the 21st century. It is played mostly in Jutland and on the island of Funen, and is organised by the L'Hombre union . Versions of the game have also survived in Spain itself, where it is known as El Tresillo , in the Faroes and in Iceland, and in Peru and Bolivia, where it is known as Rocambor. [PAR] L'Hombre was one of the first games to introduce bidding, through which one player becomes the declarer, trying to make a contract, with the other players cooperating to prevent him. The declarer was originally called Hombre (i.e. the man). It was from L'Hombre that the idea of bidding was adopted into other card games such as Tarot , Skat and Boston. [PAR] An excellent account of the early history of L'Hombre (from which some of the above information is taken) can be found in a series of three articles by Thierry Depaulis in The Playing-Card (Journal of the International Playing-Card Society). They are entitled \"Ombre et Lumi\u00e8re. Un Peu de Lumi\u00e8re sur L'Hombre\" and appeared in Vol XV, No 4, pp 101-110, Vol XVI, No 1, pp 10-18, and Vol XVI, No 2, pp 44-53. [PAR] General Description [PAR] L'Hombre is a three-handed trick taking game. It is also quite often played by four people, but there are still only 3 active players in each hand; the player opposite the dealer sits out. A deck of 40 cards is used. Each active player is dealt 9 cards and the remaining 13 form the talon. Each hand begins with an auction. The winner of the bidding becomes the declarer, and plays alone against the other two players (defenders) in partnership. [PAR] The final bid by declarer determines the contract. Declarer plays either a game contract, where his objective is to take more tricks than either defender, or a nolo contract, where his objective is not to take any tricks at all. [PAR] When the contract is known, the players take turns exchanging cards with the talon, subject to restrictions particular to each contract. [PAR] Afterwards, nine tricks are played. However, as soon as the outcome of the contract is clear, declarer will face his hand and make a statement to that effect. [PAR] After the play, immediate payment is made in the form of tokens. In general, the amount of payment increases with the rank of the contract. When declarer makes his contract, the defenders each pay declarer; when the contract fails, declarer pays each defender. [PAR] The general direction of rotation in the game is counter-clockwise. [PAR] The following detailed description of the game is based on the rules as played in the author's family. By comparison with other players' rules, it seems"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: A Tale of Two Cities: Important Quotations ... SparkNotes: A Tale of Two Cities: Important Quotations Explained [PAR] Important Quotations Explained [PAR] A Tale of Two Cities [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] Book the Third: The Track of a Storm Chapters 11\u201315 [PAR] Key Facts [PAR] 1. [PAR] It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. . . . [PAR] These famous lines, which open A Tale of Two Cities, hint at the novel\u2019s central tension between love and family, on the one hand, and oppression and hatred, on the other. The passage makes marked use of anaphora, the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of consecutive clauses\u2014for example, \u201cit was the age . . . it was the age\u201d and \u201cit was the epoch . . . it was the epoch. . . .\u201d This technique, along with the passage\u2019s steady rhythm, suggests that good and evil, wisdom and folly, and light and darkness stand equally matched in their struggle. The opposing pairs in this passage also initiate one of the novel\u2019s most prominent motifs and structural figures\u2014that of doubles, including London and Paris, Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay, Miss Pross and Madame Defarge, and Lucie and Madame Defarge. [PAR] 2. [PAR] A wonderful fact to reflect upon, that every human creature is constituted to be that profound secret and mystery to every other. A solemn consideration, when I enter a great city by night, that every one of those darkly clustered houses encloses its own secret; that every room in every one of them encloses its own secret; that every beating heart in the hundreds of thousands of breasts there, is, in some of its imagin-ings, a secret to the heart nearest it! Something of the awfulness, even of Death itself, is referable to this. [PAR] The narrator makes this reflection at the beginning of Book the First, Chapter 3, after Jerry Cruncher delivers a cryptic message to Jarvis Lorry in the darkened mail coach. Lorry\u2019s mission\u2014to recover the long-imprisoned Doctor Manette and \u201crecall\u201d him to life\u2014establishes the essential dilemma that he and other characters face: namely, that human beings constitute perpetual mysteries to one another and always remain somewhat locked away, never fully reachable by outside minds. This fundamental inscrutability proves most evident in the case of Manette, whose private sufferings force him to relapse throughout the novel into bouts of cobbling, an occupation that he first took up in prison. Throughout the novel, Manette mentally returns to his prison, bound more by his own recollections than by any attempt of the other characters to \u201crecall\u201d him into the present. This passage\u2019s reference to death also evokes the deep secret revealed in Carton\u2019s self-sacrifice at the end of the novel. The exact profundity of his love and devotion for Lucie remains obscure until he commits to dying for her; the selflessness of his death leaves the reader to wonder at the ways in which he might have manifested this great love in life. [PAR] 3. [PAR] The wine was red wine, and had stained the ground of the narrow street in the suburb of Saint Antoine, in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dead Sea \u00ab See The Holy Land Dead Sea \u00ab See The Holy Land [PAR] Israel/Jordan/West Bank [PAR] Bathers by the shore of the Dead Sea (\u00a9 Tom Callinan / Seetheholyland.net) [PAR] The Dead Sea, which shimmers like a blue mirror under all-day sunshine, is one of the most unusual bodies of water in the world. [PAR] It is set in the lowest dry land on earth, so it has no outlet. It is so loaded with minerals that no fish can live in it. It is so dense that bathers can lie back on its surface and read a newspaper. [PAR] The Dead Sea is located about 25km east of Jerusalem , along the border between Israel and Jordan. About half of it is actually in Jordanian territory. [PAR] The ancient Hebrews called this body of water the Sea of Salt. Other ancient names include the Sea of Solitude, the Sea of Arabah and the Asphalt Sea. The Crusaders called it the Sea of Satan. [PAR] The Dead Sea\u2019s therapeutic qualities attracted Herod the Great . Its minerals and sticky black mud provided balms for Egyptian mummies and cosmetics for Cleopatra. [PAR] Now its health resorts treat psoriasis and arthritis, its skin-care products are marketed worldwide, and its industrial evaporation pans harvest potash and other minerals. [PAR] [PAR] Wicked cities were destroyed [PAR] Pillar of salt, on Jordanian side of Dead Sea, known as Lot\u2019s Wife (\u00a9 Visitjordan.com) [PAR] The region has many biblical connections. Here, though their locations are unknown, the wicked cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by God with \u201csulphur and fire\u201d and Lot\u2019s wife was turned into a pillar of salt for looking back at the destruction (Genesis 19:24-26). Among the salt encrustations around the sea is an unusual column at the southern end called Lot\u2019s Wife (though it is 20 metres high). [PAR] On the eastern side, the highest peak visible is Mount Nebo , where Moses glimpsed the Promised Land . Further south stands the fortress of Machaerus , where Herod Antipas imprisoned and then executed John the Baptist. [PAR] On the western side, from north to south, are Qumran , where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found; Ein Gedi, where David hid from King Saul in a cave (and cut off a corner of the king\u2019s cloak when he entered the cave to relieve himself); and Herod the Great\u2019s fortress of Masada . [PAR] [PAR] Evaporation concentrates the minerals [PAR] Afloat in the Dead Sea (David Niblack) [PAR] The Dead Sea is 67km long, 18km across at its widest point, and 420 metres below sea level. [PAR] Because it has no exit, water is lost only through evaporation, which leaves behind the minerals. The Dead Sea is nearly 10 times as salty as the open seas. The high concentration of minerals (predominantly magnesium chloride) provides the buoyancy that keeps bathers suspended \u2014 as well as a bitter taste. [PAR] A low promontory of land called el-Lisan (\u201cthe tongue\u201d) projects across the sea from the east, dividing the southern third from the northern section. [PAR] At one time the Dead Sea covered four times as much land as it did in 2006, when its surface was falling by up to a metre a year. [PAR] Much of the water that once flowed into the Dead Sea is being diverted for drinking water and agriculture purposes, so there is not enough to offset the high evaporation rate. [PAR] Rescue proposals to prevent the sea drying up have included canals to bring water from the Mediterranean Sea or the Red Sea. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tubal - The Ultimate Free Shakespeare Resource Tubal [PAR] Tubal [PAR] Tubal is a wealthy Jew of Venice, who lends Shylock enough to make up the full three thousand ducats the latter lends to Antonio. [PAR] Shylock sends him to track down Jessica, though he is unable to do so, only being able to make a list of all the bills she has run up over the course of her flight. He also brings Shylock news that Antonio is on the verge of bankruptcy."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About Edward VI TUDOR (King of England ) About Edward VI TUDOR (King of England) [PAR] See him at The King Gallery [PAR] For more than a quarter century King Henry VIII had desperately wanted a son, and Edward's birth caused great rejoicing. The prince was baptized in a splendorous cermony in the chapel oh Hampton Court palace. But Queen Jane soon fell ill with childbed fever, and on Oct 24 she died. [PAR] Edward was initially placed in the care of Margaret Bryan , \"lady mistress\" of the prince's household. She was succeeded by Blanche Herbert, Lady Troy. The formal royal household established around Edward was, at first, under Sir William Sidney, and later Sir Richard Page, stepfather of Edward Seymour 's wife, Anne Stanhope . Henry demanded exacting standards of security and cleanliness in his son's household, stressing that Edward was \"this whole realm's most precious jewel\". Visitors described the prince, who was lavishly provided with toys and comforts, including his own troupe of minstrels, as a contented child. Until the age of six Edward was raised \"among the women\", as he put it later in his Chronicle; his nurse, Mother Jack, and other servants as Mrs. Penne. Sybil Penne became the chief nurse in the household of the Prince in Oct 1538 and remained in that post until 1544. During that time Henry took two wives in quick succession, but both marriages ended badly; Anne of Cleves was discarded because the King found her ugly, and Catherine Howard was executed for adultery. In 1543 Henry married Catherine Parr , who became a loving stepmother to Edward and his older half sisters, Mary and Elizabeth . She was a highly learned woman who personally oversaw Prince Edward's education. [PAR] Edward's tutors taught him geography, government, history, French, German, Greek, and Latin. He was also given lessons in etiquette, fencing, horseback riding, music and other gentlemanly pursuits. The King arranged for a privileged group of fourteen well-born children to share his education, and thus envolved an exclusive palace school. Edward\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds companion included Henry Brandon, the young Duke of Suffolk; Henry, Lord Hastings ; Robert Dudley ; Henry Sidney ; and possibly even another cousin, Lady Jane Grey . The Prince favorite companion seems to have been Barnaby Fitzpatick , a cousin of the Earl of Ormonde (when Edward became King Barnaby was appointed to the unenviable port of royal whipping boy, which meant that he had to suffer the punishments that their governors would not dare to administer to the Lord\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Anointed, their sovereign). [PAR] Although Edward was serious and studious, at times he displayed a savage temper. Reginald Pole , later Archbishop of Canterbury, heard from people that, in front of his tutors, the young King, in a fit of anger, tore a living falcon into four pieces. [PAR] Because Elizabeth was only four years his senior, Edward was naturally closer to her than to Mary . His letters to her were warm and affectionate. [PAR] Henry VIII died in 1547 and his nine-year-old son became King Edward VI. A council was appointed by his father to rule during his minority. But Edward's uncle, the Edward Seymour, lord Hertford ( Jane Seymour 's brother), wanted to be Protector of the country and the King. [PAR] He entrusted Sir William Paget with the safe-keeping of King Henry \u00ef\u00bf\u00bds will, and had no intention of showing it to anyone else until he had taken possession of the person of the new King and brought him to London. Hertford wasted no time; he left Whitehall with Sir Anthony Browne"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frida Kahlo Biography Frida Kahlo Biography [PAR] Frida Kahlo Biography [PAR] Self Portrait With Necklace [PAR] Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderon, as her name appears on her birth certificate was born on July 6, 1907 in the house of her parents, known as La Casa Azul (The Blue House), in Coyoacan. At the time, this was a small town on the outskirts of Mexico City. [PAR] Her father, Guillermo Kahlo (1872-1941), was born Carl Wilhelm Kahlo in Pforzheim, Germany. He was the son of the painter and goldsmith Jakob Heinrich Kahlo and Henriett E. Kaufmann. [PAR] Kahlo claimed her father was of Jewish and Hungarian ancestry, but a 2005 book on Guillermo Kahlo, Fridas Vater (Schirmer/Mosel, 2005), states that he was descended from a long line of German Lutherans. [PAR] Wilhelm Kahlo sailed to Mexico in 1891 at the age of nineteen and, upon his arrival, changed his German forename, Wilhelm, to its Spanish equivalent, 'Guillermo'. During the late 1930s, in the face of rising Nazism in Germany, Frida acknowledged and asserted her German heritage by spelling her name, Frieda (an allusion to \"Frieden\", which means \"peace\" in German). [PAR] Frida's mother, Matilde Calderon y Gonzalez, was a devout Catholic of primarily indigenous, as well as Spanish descent. Frida's parents were married shortly after the death of Guillermo's first wife during the birth of her second child. Although their marriage was quite unhappy, Guillermo and Matilde had four daughters, with Frida being the third. She had two older half sisters. Frida once remarked that she grew up in a world surrounded by females. Throughout most of her life, however, Frida remained close to her father. [PAR] The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 when Kahlo was three years old. Later, however, Kahlo claimed that she was born in 1910 so people would directly associate her with the revolution. In her writings, she recalled that her mother would usher her and her sisters inside the house as gunfire echoed in the streets of her hometown, which was extremely poor at the time. Occasionally, men would leap over the walls into their backyard and sometimes her mother would prepare a meal for the hungry revolutionaries. [PAR] Kahlo contracted polio at age six, which left her right leg thinner than the left, which Kahlo disguised by wearing long skirts. It has been conjectured that she also suffered from spina bifida, a congenital disease that could have affected both spinal and leg development. As a girl, she participated in boxing and other sports. In 1922, Kahlo was enrolled in the Preparatoria, one of Mexico's premier schools, where she was one of only thirty-five girls. Kahlo joined a gang at the school and fell in love with the leader, Alejandro Gomez Arias. During this period, Kahlo also witnessed violent armed struggles in the streets of Mexico City as the Mexican Revolution continued. [PAR] Career as painter [PAR] Self Portrait 1932 [PAR] After the accident, Frida Kahlo turned her attention away from the study of medicine to begin a full-time painting career. The accident left her in a great deal of pain while she recovered in a full body cast; she painted to occupy her time during her temporary state of immobilization. Her self-portraits became a dominant part of her life when she was immobile for three months after her accident. Frida Kahlo once said, \"I paint myself because I am often alone and I am the subject I know best\". Her mother had a special easel made for her so she could paint in bed, and her father lent her his box of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to score points - Home - BBC News BBC SPORT | Rugby League | Laws & Equipment | How to score points [PAR] How to score points [PAR] There are four main ways to score in rugby league: [PAR] Try - four points [PAR] A try is worth four points - the maximum number of points you can score in one go in rugby league. [PAR] It is scored when a player puts the ball on the ground with \"downward pressure\" (very important) inside the opposition's in-goal area between the try line and dead ball line. [PAR] If a defender makes an offence while the opposition are about to score a try, then the referee can award a penalty kick in front of the posts after the conversion kick. [PAR] This means the opposition can score eight points if they are successful in scoring the try, the goal kick and the penalty kick. [PAR] But if the try was not scored because of the offence, the referee will award a penalty try in front of the posts, as well as the extra penalty kick. [PAR] Goal kick - two points [PAR] A team is awarded a goal kick after a try has been scored. The team has the chance to \"convert\" the kick at goal for two further points. [PAR] The kick is taken from a point level with where the try was scored. [PAR] The kick is successful if the ball goes between the opposition's goalposts and above the crossbar. [PAR] Penalty - two points [PAR] The referee will award a penalty when an offence has occurred. [PAR] A player can punt, drop kick or take a place kick anywhere behind where the offence took place. [PAR] They also have the choice of kicking for goal or for touch. [PAR] A kick for goal is worth two points if successful. [PAR] But to be successful, the ball has to go through the opposition's goalposts, above the crossbar. [PAR] Two touch judges will raise their flags if the penalty is successfully kicked. [PAR] If the team who gave away the penalty argue or commit further offences, the referee will punish them by taking the penalty 10 metres forward towards their goal-line. [PAR] The team kicking also gets a new set of six tackles to play with. [PAR] Play is re-started by placing the ball on the ground 10 metres into the field of play, parallel to where the ball went out to touch. [PAR] Teams can kick in any direction even backwards if they want to find space for a set play. [PAR] Drop goal - one point [PAR] A drop goal can be a spectacular way of scoring. If successful it will add one point to a team's score. [PAR] A drop goal is scored when a player kicks the ball from hand through the opposition's goal posts, above the crossbar. [PAR] However, the ball must touch the ground between being dropped and kicked.[DOC] [TLE] Scoring in Rugby | Vienna Youth Inc. - Rugby Scoring in Rugby | Vienna Youth Inc. - Rugby [PAR] SCORING IN RUGBY [PAR] How do you score in rugby? [PAR] In American football, it is only necessary for the ball to cross the plane of the goal line. In rugby, the ballcarrier must touch the ball to the ground on or over the goal line (try zone). When the ball is touched to the ground by an attacking player, he (or she) scores a \"TRY\"! You may gave seen players diving over the goal line to touch the ball down. That"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Airports in Argentina - Cheapflights Airports in Argentina | List of Argentina Airports - Guides & Information | Cheapflights [PAR] Welcome to Cheapflights [PAR] The simple way to find cheap flights and hotels from all your favorite travel companies [PAR] Planning a South American getaway? We\u2019ve put together this helpful list of airports in Argentina to get you started. Our Argentine airport guides include all the information you need to know before you go. Just choose your city below and find information about local airports such as facilities, transfer tips, parking info, how to get around town, car rental and other helpful details for an unforgettable trip to Argentina.[DOC] [TLE] Must see places in Argentina Must see places in Argentina [PAR] Must see places in Argentina [PAR] Must see places in Argentina [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Currency: Argentine peso (ARS). [PAR] Language: Spanish. [PAR] Best time to Visit: September through November and March through May for Buenos Aires, December through February for Patagonia, June through August for Northern Argentina and mid June through mid October for Skiing. [PAR] Time Zone: UTC -3. [PAR] Calling Code: +54 [PAR] Major Airports: Ministro Pistarini International Airport (EZE), Jorge Newbery Airpark (AEP), Ing. Aer. Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport (COR). [PAR] Have you ever thought about the must see places in Argentina other than considering it only as a football crazy country? This South American country has lots in store for you apart from being an abode of football superstars like Maradona, Gabriel Batistuta or the present Javier Mascherano, Javier Saviola, Gabriel Heinze and many more. You might be elated by the football news from Argentina, but the natural beauty and other must see places in Argentina will further excite your adrenalin. Officially known as the Argentine Republic, it is a South American country consisting of 23 provinces and an autonomous city. Bordered by Chile to the west and south, Uruguay and Brazil to the northeast, and Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Argentina is the second largest city in South America in terms of area. The country has left a distinctive mark in the world for its alluring natural attractions and the spellbinding architectures and monuments. [PAR] While it is almost impossible to explore every nuke and corner of the country owing to its size, the true beauty of Argentina can be unraveled in the rugged terrains of the Andes mountains in Mendoza. This place is the perfect destination for nature lovers and for those who love wine and food. Home to various adventure sports and a store house of the rarest and best quality wines, Mendoza is a [PAR] perfect tourist destination in Argentina. You can even further explore the charisma of nature in Salta, located in Northern Argentina that is believed to have one of the most beautiful open pastures and picturesque landscapes. A must see place in Argentina, Salta is a preferable Argentina tourist spot for its simplicity and typical countryside environment. Argentina is a country with varied excitements. So after you are done with the countrysides and the quaint hills, give a trip to the fascinating beaches and sea waters of the Atlantic coasts in the Mar del Plata city or travel to small towns like Carilo, Villa Gesell, Pinamar etc. Apart from this, a trip to the capital city, Buenos Aires and the beauteous Iguazu Falls will be enchanting as well. [PAR] Those who have already visited the country believe that the actual excitement of the entire trip to Argentina lies in Patagonia, which is a home to forests, gorgeous whales as well as plush cities. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Verdant | Definition of Verdant by Merriam-Webster Verdant | Definition of Verdant by Merriam-Webster [PAR] 5 Better Ways to Say 'Green' [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] English speakers have been using \"verdant\" as a ripe synonym of \"green\" since the late 16th century, and as a descriptive term for inexperienced or naive people since the 1820s. (By contrast, the more experienced \"green\" has colored our language since well before the 12th century, and was first applied to inexperienced people in the 1540s.) \"Verdant\" is derived from the Old French word for \"green,\" vert, which in turn is from Latin vir\u0113r\u0113, meaning \"to be green.\" Today, \"vert\" is used in English as a word for green forest vegetation and the heraldic color green. Another descendant of \"virere\" is the adjective virescent, meaning \"beginning to be green.\" [PAR] Origin and Etymology of verdant [PAR] contracted from Medieval French verdoyant, from present participle of verdoyer \u201cto be green, turn green,\u201d going back to Old French verdoier, from verd, vert \u201cgreen\u201d (going back to Latin viridis, from a base *wir-, whence vir\u0113re \u201cto show green growth, be green\u201d of uncertain origin) + -oier, factitive verb suffix, going back to Latin -idi\u0101re, originally representing variant pronunciation (or spelling variant) of -iz\u0101re -ize \u25c6Latin viridis and vir\u0113re have been linked to Lithuanian visti \u201cto multiply, breed,\u201d veisti \u201cto breed, rear,\u201d as well as to Old English w\u012bse \u201csprout, stalk,\u201d Old High German wisa \u201cmeadow,\u201d though the semantic connections are vague enough to make this a very tenuous hypothesis. [PAR] First Known Use: 1581"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monte Rosa | mountains, Europe | Britannica.com Monte Rosa | mountains, Europe | Britannica.com [PAR] Monte Rosa [PAR] Matterhorn [PAR] Monte Rosa, rounded, snow-covered massif of the Pennine Alps lying on the frontier between Switzerland and Italy , rising southeast of Zermatt , Switz. Ten summits in this huge mountain mass are distinguished by name. Four of them (Nordend, Zumsteinspitze, Signalkuppe [Punta Gnifetti], and Parrotspitze) lie on the frontier; five lower peaks are on the Italian slope. The 10th, Dufourspitze (15,203 ft [4,634 m]), is the highest peak of the mass, the highest peak in Switzerland, and the second highest peak in the Alps . It rises on a buttress west of the frontier ridge. Gorner and several other glaciers on the north slope meet near Zermatt at the head of the Mattervisp River Valley. A laboratory for nuclear research has been established on the Italian slope. The name Monte Rosa is derived from an Aostian patois word ro\u00ebse, meaning \u201cglacier.\u201d [PAR] Monte Rosa. [PAR] Pennine Alps [PAR] segment of the central Alps along the Italian-Swiss border, bounded by the Great St. Bernard Pass and the Mont Blanc group (southwest), by the Upper Rh\u00f4ne Valley (north), by Simplon Pass and the Lepontine Alps (northeast), and by the Dora Baltea River valley (south). The highest point is... [PAR] Dufourspitze [PAR] highest peak (15,203 feet [4,634 m]) of Switzerland and second highest of the Alps, lying 28 miles (45 km) south-southwest of Brig in the Monte Rosa Massif of the Pennine Alps near the Italian border. The summit of the mountain was first reached by an English party in 1855. The peak was named after... [PAR] in Italy: Mountain ranges [PAR] ...Adige valley, also with high peaks, such as Mont Blanc (with a summit just over the border in France of 15,771 ft [4,807 m]), the Matterhorn (Italian Monte Cervino; 14,692 ft [4,478 m]), Monte Rosa (with a summit just over the border in Switzerland of 15,203 ft [4,634 m]), and Mount Ortles (12,812 ft [3,905 m]). Lastly, the Eastern Alps run west to east from the Brenner Pass to... [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is the keyboard layout Q-W-E-R-T-Y and not simply A-B ... Why are the keys in the keypad not arranged in alphabetical order? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Update Cancel [PAR] Question merged [PAR] You were redirected because this question was merged with Why is the keyboard layout Q-W-E-R-T-Y and not simply A-B-C-D-E-F? [PAR] Answer Wiki [PAR] QWERTY was concocted back in the 1870s to mechanically separate the common letter pairs that used to frequently jam on the originally alphabetically ordered typewriter layouts. [PAR] Here's what that original layout looked like: [PAR] Despite being much faster to learn and easier to use, this semi-alphabetic layout would often jam (note the position of the T, H & S keys) when users typed too quickly. As anyone who's used a typewriter will tell you, even one single jam or simple typo, would require unjamming the keys, ripping out the old paper, washing the ink off your fingers, inserting a new sheet, and starting all over again. [PAR] So - without worrying about ergonomics or suability - they just started moving keys around until the number of jams dropped to an \"acceptable\" level. [PAR] History disagrees with Shisrail's answer below. This logical, intuitive alphabetic keyboard WAS fast. Too fast for its own good, in fact. [PAR] If QWERTY was so easy, why did 100s of typing schools pop up all over the world? Why did people have to enrol for a minimum of a year to get their speed and accuracy to even a basic level? Why does it take most people months of lessons and 100s of hours of practice (or even years of self-teaching) to master this confusing letter order? [PAR] Is QWERTY logical? Yes... but only from a mechanical engineer's perspective. [PAR] Intuitive? No freakin' way. [PAR] For most people, the learning curve for QWERTY is so slow and frustrating, once you've mastered it, the thought of relearning another layout would be considered a fate worse than death. [PAR] But guess what? Quietly, stealthily, the entire planet DID adopt an alphabetic keyboard. And we all mastered it in just a few minutes. Here's a picture of the keyboard that more people on the planet use than any other: [PAR] Written Dec 1, 2012 [PAR] The current layout is inherited from typewriters, where keys were arranged to prevent jamming. This explains why keys are not in the proper sequence as the alphabets, as well as why they are arranged on diagonal columns (to give space for the levers). [PAR] Contrary to the popular belief, the QWERTY keyboard was NOT designed to slow typists. [PAR] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWE... and http://home.earthlink.net/~dcreh... provide further details. [PAR] 1878 Typewriter Patent Drawing, featuring the QWERTY Keyboard. Years after its introduction, it was considered important enough to include in a patent. [PAR] Written Nov 21, 2015 [PAR] There is a good historical reason for this. In early days of typewriter (in mid 19th century) the keys were arranged lexicographically. The earliest popular design had only 2 rows with 13 characters each. However this arrangement caused 2 major problems : [PAR] The type bars of the most commonly used combination letters of the alphabet (like TH and ST) was positioned close together, so when the keys were hit right after the other in rapid successions, the metallic arms / type bars responsible for creating an impression on paper would jam. [PAR] In early typewriters printing point was located beneath the paper carriage, invisible to the operator - which forced the operator to raise the carriage in case of collision / mishaps between typebars. [PAR] Print on paper was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CONCORDE SST : FAQ CONCORDE SST : FAQ [PAR] How many Concordes are there and where are they? [PAR] 20 Concordes were built and 14 entered airline service. There were 2 prototypes, 2 pre-production models and 2 \"first off the line\" production models. Of these, five are on show in museums and the sixth will eventally go on display. [PAR] British Airways own 7 Concordes and Air France now have 5. Of the other two production aircraft which were owned by Air France, one was withdrawn from service and used for spare parts from 1982 onward, and the other crashed in 2000. [PAR] In 2003 the aircraft were put on show around the world. [PAR] For full details see the Fleet section [PAR] Why was Concorde retired? [PAR] It was all down to Cost: The Airlines were not making back the money spent on the safety modifications and other upgrades, with some other big costs coming up (tens of millions, before any life extension programme), BA need to write off \ufffd84M now rather than \ufffd150M in 3 or 4 years. Air France wrote off a large sum of money too. [PAR] With the premium first class market non-existant post 9/11, there was no hope of paying back the modification cost to start with, forgetting about any further investment that was required to keep the aircraft in the air. Day to day the aircraft still broke even, but could no longer pay back any big expenditure items, so its days were numbered. It is a sad time, but the inevitable really only came forward a few years from the ends of its technical lifespan. [PAR] We should celebrate what Concorde was and still is, the only profit making Supersonic passenger Jet ever to go into service - the Americans could not even do - that's how far ahead of its time it was...and still is! [PAR] Did any other airlines fly Concorde? [PAR] Yes and no. No other airline has owned a Concorde apart from Air France and British Airways, but Singapore Airlines operated a joint service with BA in 1979 in which a British Airways Concorde (G-BOAD) had a Singapore Airlines livery on one side. [PAR] Both Air France and British Airways ran a joint service across the Atlantic from Europe to the US from London/Paris to Washington and then on to Dallas with Braniff International for a short time in 1979-80. The US domestic leg was flown by Braniff aircrew under a US style \"N\" registration. No Concorde was ever painted in a Braniff livery, although there were many artist impressions of what one would look like. The only change was in the registrations. When in the US the \"G\" or \"F\" was covered up with white tape!!!! [PAR] More details of the Singapore and Braniff services can be found in the Key events pages [PAR] How fast, far and high does Concorde fly? [PAR] The aircraft flies at twice the speed of sound (Mach 2), which is around 1350 mph (depending on the temperature of the surrounding air). Take-off and landing speeds are considerably higher than for traditional subsonic aircraft. [PAR] The range of the aircraft, with 100 passengers and 9 crew, under the correct conditions is about 4,500 miles. The maximum height Concorde can fly to is 60,000 ft (over 11 miles high). With some restrictions on load, the aircaft easily flies the 4250 mile trip to Barbados. [PAR] The outside temperature on the tip of Concorde's nose can reach 127 degrees Celcius (260 degrees Fahrenheit) due to the friction of the air at high"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Conqueror Worm (1968) - IMDb The Conqueror Worm (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A young soldier seeks to put an end to the evils caused by a vicious witch hunter. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 22 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 21 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 16 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 23 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: The Conqueror Worm (1968) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Horror thriller set in 17th century England about the children of a village slowly converting into a coven of devil worshipers. [PAR] Director: Piers Haggard [PAR] A European prince terrorizes the local peasantry while using his castle as a refuge against the \"Red Death\" plague that stalks the land. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] A man's obsession with his dead wife drives a wedge between him and his new bride. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] Charles Dexter Ward arrives at a small village to visit the house he inherited from his ancestor who died there 100 years ago. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] Upon entering his fianc\u00e9e's family mansion, a man discovers a savage family curse and fears that his future brother-in-law has entombed his bride-to-be prematurely. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] In the sixteenth century, Francis Barnard travels to Spain to clarify the strange circumstances of his sister's death after she had married the son of a cruel Spanish Inquisitor. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] Three tales of terror involve a grieving widower and the daughter he abandoned; a drunkard and his wife's black cat; and a hypnotist who prolongs the moment of a man's death. [PAR] Director: Roger Corman [PAR] A Shakespearean actor takes poetic revenge on the critics who denied him recognition. [PAR] Director: Douglas Hickox [PAR] Aristocrat Julian Markham keeps his disfigured brother, Sir Edward, locked in a tower of his house. Sir Edward occasionally escapes and causes havoc around the town. [PAR] Director: Gordon Hessler [PAR] A doctor, scientist, organist, and biblical scholar, Anton Phibes, seeks revenge on the nine doctors he considers responsible for his wife's death. [PAR] Director: Robert Fuest [PAR] When a disease turns all of humanity into the living dead, the last man on earth becomes a reluctant vampire hunter. [PAR] Directors: Ubaldo Ragona, Sidney Salkow [PAR] Stars: Vincent Price, Franca Bettoia, Emma Danieli [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] England is torn in civil strife as the Royalists battle the Parliamentary Party for control. This conflict distracts people from rational thought and allows unscrupulous men to gain local power by exploiting village superstitions. One of these men is Matthew Hopkins, who tours the land offering his services as a persecutor of witches. Aided by his sadistic accomplice John Stearne, he travels from city to city and wrenches confessions from \"witches\" in order to line his pockets and gain sexual favors. When Hopkins persecutes a priest, he incurs the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dover UK Bus & Train Stations For Cruise & Ferry Passengers Dover UK Bus & Train Stations For Cruise & Ferry Passengers [PAR] Private Cars / Vans [PAR] We have dedicated pages detailing Dover train services and Dover coach services between Dover and London and its airports. [PAR] If you travel by rail there is more than one Dover station, the railway station you require is called Dover Priory pictured right. For both the cruise and ferry terminals you need a Dover taxi, there is no bus shuttle. [PAR] The National Express coaches stop in the town centre and the ferry terminal. For cruise passengers the ferry terminal is probably the best place to interconnect with the required taxi to the cruise terminals. [PAR] Dover Priory Railway Station [PAR] Dover Priory is a medium size rail station with several platforms. There are basic facilities, washrooms, cafe, ticket office and waiting rooms. There is no left luggage facility. [PAR] Dover Priory is located just outside the town centre where the shops are, about a 5 to 10 minute walk away. [PAR] There is a choice of cheap Bed and Breakfast hotels opposite the station. [PAR] There are three main train services between London and Dover. [PAR] The two services to Charing Cross and Victoria follow the same track for most of the way to London and are similarly priced and take similar lengths of time to complete the railway journey. [PAR] The London St Pancras to Dover service is much faster as the trains utilise the high speed tracks built for the Eurostar express trains between England and France. [PAR] Dover [PAR] Dover Castle [PAR] A manned ticket office is open most of the day and there are also self service ticket machines. [PAR] Only one platform is accessible without climbing stairs or taking a lift up to cross a bridge which enables access to the other platforms. [PAR] The taxi rank to the ferry teminal is immediately outside the ticket office building. [PAR] Full Details Of Rail Services Between Dover and London [PAR] Transfers Between Cruise Terminals & London Buses & Trains [PAR] No shuttle buses are provided between the cruise and the train station or London bus stops at Dover. You therefore need to get a taxi between the cruise terminal and the train station/bus stop. The fare should be around \u00a38. [PAR] Taxi cabs at Dover come in a wide range of sizes and shapes, the image tight is fairly typical. If you have two cases per person and more than 2 people you may end up with multiple taxi cabs. [PAR] Typical Dover Taxi [PAR] Its just a 5 minute drive between the cruise terminals at Dover to/from the railway and bus stations and ferry terminal. [PAR] The cruise terminals are far too far to walk with luggage from the train stations. [PAR] All fares within Dover should be on a meter. [PAR] For longer journeys outside Dover never leap into a taxi without agreeing the price before hand. [PAR] Although drivers may offer to accept your Euro or Dollar currency it will almost certainly be at a very, very poor exchange rate. Only do so as a last resort. [PAR] The taxi rank at the cruise terminal is well marshalled. Porters from the ship will normally take your luggage as far as the taxi rank immediately outside the front doors of the cruise terminal. [PAR] It is customary to leave a small tip with cab drivers, (assuming they provide a good service). [PAR] Dover Bus Stops For National Express Coaches [PAR] At Dover, National"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sartorius Muscle - Anatomy Pictures and Information Sartorius Muscle - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Home > Muscular System > Muscles of the Leg and Foot > Sartorius Muscle [PAR] Sartorius Muscle [PAR] The sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the entire human body. It is a long, thin, band-like muscle found in the anterior region of the thigh. The sartorius functions as an important flexor and rotator of the thigh at the hip joint. [PAR] The sartorius muscle arises from the anterior superior iliac spine on the lateral edge of the hip bone. From the lateral hip, it descends obliquely across the hip joint and thigh, running medially and inferiorly toward the medial edge of the knee. At the knee, the sartorius turns more laterally as it descends to insert on the medial side of the tibia in the lower leg.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom [PAR] Change Anatomical System [PAR] Full Sartorius Muscle Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . [PAR] The sartorius muscle is so long that it crosses and acts upon both the hip and knee joints. Acting on the hip joint, the sartorius works as a flexor, abductor, and lateral rotator of the thigh with the assistance of the other major muscles of the hip. At the knee joint the sartorius helps to flex the leg. Combining all of these functions into one movement, the sartorius pulls the foot and ankle toward knee of the opposite leg. The action of the sartorius is used in many situations, such as crossing the legs so that the ankle rests on the knee of the opposite leg; sitting cross-legged; or looking at the sole of one\u2019s foot. In fact, the name sartorius (from the Latin word for \u201ctailor\u201d) and its nickname, the \u201ctailor\u2019s muscle,\u201d are derived from the common motion of tailors crossing their legs to sit while working. [PAR] Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cbs Sports, Golf Benefit By Pga Championship And British ... CBS Sports, golf benefit by PGA Championship and British Open being close together | Newsday [PAR] CBS Sports, golf benefit by PGA Championship and British Open being close together [PAR] July 21, 2016 1:53 PM [PAR] By Neil Best neil.best@newsday.com [PAR] advertisement | advertise on newsday [PAR] It is the golf equivalent of a blue moon \u2013 two major championships held in one calendar month. [PAR] The PGA Championship, customarily staged in August, will be contested next Thursday through Sunday at Baltusrol in Springfield, New Jersey, back in the New York area for the first time since 2005 and third time since 1939. [PAR] Yes, that is a mere 10 days after the conclusion of the British Open, where Henrik Stenson won a memorable duel against Phil Mickelson at Royal Troon. [PAR] The strange situation is the result of golf\u2019s return to the Olympics for the first time since 1904, with a Zika-depleted field set to tee it up in Rio next month. [PAR] One might argue this sort of proximity will be bad for TV ratings and general buzz, what with many casual golf fans unaware of the scheduling quirk. [PAR] advertisement | advertise on newsday [PAR] \u201cI don\u2019t think it will affect us at all negatively,\u201d CBS Sports chairman Sean McManus said, calling the schedule \u201ca one-year aberration.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIf anything being this close to the incredible excitement we saw at the British Open I think is probably an advantage this year . . . I think the change will probably have zero effect on the interest or the ratings.\u201d [PAR] Said host Jim Nantz, \u201cOne hundred percent agree. Let the momentum carry over as soon as possible . . We\u2019re not going to lose anything because it\u2019s happening a little earlier on the schedule. [PAR] \u201cCompetitively I think that if you were in peak form like Stenson, like Phil, I think they relish this chance to get back out there and have a major coming back on the schedule so soon.\u201d [PAR] Dottie Pepper, in her first year as a CBS golf reporter, added that Mickelson should benefit from putting behind him his maddening loss at Troon as quickly as possible \u2013 both in golf and media terms. [PAR] Tweets from @Newsday/newsday-staff [PAR] \u201cHe gets a chance to get back on the golf course and doesn\u2019t have to answer these questions about what happened in Troon for any longer than these two weeks,\u201d she said. \u201cI think it works to great advantage for him.\u201d [PAR] Mickelson won the event the last time it visited Baltusrol, 11 years ago. [PAR] TNT will carry the first two days of the tournament from 1 to 7 p.m., then will show early third- and fourth-round action from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Ernie Johnson and Brian Anderson will host. [PAR] CBS, in its 26th consecutive year of PGA coverage, will be on from 2 to 7 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday. [PAR] Nantz will be joined by lead analyst Nick Faldo at the 18th hole. Ian Baker-Finch will work the 17th hole, Gary McCord the 16th, Frank Nobilo the 15th, Verne Lundquist the 14th and Bill Macatee the 13th. [PAR] advertisement | advertise on newsday [PAR] McManus praised NBC for its first British Open coverage and reiterated his confidence that it set the stage for his network\u2019s second-biggest golf show after the Masters. [PAR] \u201cI think it\u2019s actually this year an advantage being closer to the last major championship,\u201d he said. [PAR] Another final-round duel with Mickelson involved would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 19 | 1970: Shock election win for Heath BBC ON THIS DAY | 19 | 1970: Shock election win for Heath [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1970: Shock election win for Heath [PAR] Edward Heath has become the new British prime minister after a surprise victory for the Conservatives in the general election. [PAR] The result has confounded all opinion polls conducted before yesterday's election which had predicted a comfortable win for Labour. [PAR] But with all 630 seats now declared the Conservatives have won 330 seats, giving them a majority of 30. Labour have won 287 seats. [PAR] The new prime minister, Edward Richard George Heath, who has led the Conservative party since 1965, has pledged to \"restore honesty to government and integrity to politics\" and bring to an end what he referred to as \"six long years of hard labour\". [PAR] New style of government [PAR] The outgoing prime minister, Harold Wilson, refused to admit defeat until the last minute. [PAR] But just after 1400 hrs today, when the Conservatives reached the required majority of 316 seats, he requested an audience with the Queen to tender his resignation. [PAR] Shortly afterwards the Queen invited Mr Heath to Buckingham Palace where she asked him to form a new administration. [PAR] Edward Heath was born in Broadstairs on 9 July 1916 and was educated at Oxford university, before becoming MP for Bexley in 1950. [PAR] A confirmed bachelor, he has a passion for yachting and classical music. [PAR] Throughout the past three weeks, during which all the party leaders have toured the length and breadth of Britain on their arduous election campaign trails, Edward Heath, 53, has consistently offered the British people a new style of government. [PAR] As well as his commitment to European unity, he has promised to reduce taxes, cut down on wild-cat strikes by updating the law on industrial relations, and give more help to the poor, the old and the sick by concentrating government subsidies on those that need them most. [PAR] As he arrived at Downing Street this evening he was given a rapturous welcome. Huge crowds, who had gathered throughout the afternoon, sang \"For he's a jolly good fellow\" and shouted \"Good old Ted.\" [PAR] In an interview with the BBC, the defeated Harold Wilson said he had always admired Edward Heath although he had not agreed with many of his election tactics, including the Conservatives' attempt to \"drag sterling into the campaign.\" [PAR] Devaluation of the pound has remained a controversial issue for both the main parties. [PAR] But Mr Wilson said Mr Heath would now have the strongest economic position any prime minister had taken over in living memory. [PAR] He suggested the low turn-out of voters - just 70% - may have contributed to his defeat: \"We were up against something that no-one foresaw. (...) It was a low poll and a low poll is going to count against us. All the signs were of a high poll.\" [PAR] Mr Wilson and his family left Downing Street via a back door this afternoon and went to Chequers, the Prime Minister's country seat, where they will remain until they find alternative accommodation in London. [PAR] In Context [PAR] Edward Heath remained prime minister until 1974. <br> [PAR] During his four years at Downing Street he brought in the Industrial Relations Act, which caused conflict with the trade unions. <br> [PAR] In 1972, two miners' strikes resulted in power shortages. The government reduced the working week to three days as part of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Booker T And The MGs - Green Onions - 1962 - Salestron Booker T And The MGs - Green Onions - 1962 - Music Videos,Lyrics [PAR] Booker T And The MGs - Green Onions - 1962 Lyrics [PAR] Help preserve America's Music Tradition and suggest your lyrics here. [PAR] Booker T And The MGs - Green Onions - 1962 [PAR] Playlist: [PAR] Pause [PAR] Some trivia about Booker T And The MGs - Green Onions - 1962 [PAR] Booker T. & the M.G.'s is an instrumental R&B band that was influential in shaping the sound of southern soul and Memphis soul. Original members of the group were Booker T. Jones (organ, piano), Steve Cropper (guitar), Lewie Steinberg (bass), and Al Jackson, Jr. (drums). In the 1960s, as members of the house band of Stax Records, they played on hundreds of recordings by artists such as Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Bill Withers, Sam & Dave, Carla and Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor. They also released instrumental records under their own name, such as the 1962 hit single \"Green Onions\". As originators of the unique Stax sound, the group was one of the most prolific, respected, and imitated of their era. By the mid-1960s, bands on both sides of the Atlantic were trying to sound like Booker T. & the M.G.'s. [PAR] In 1965, Steinberg was replaced by Donald \"Duck\" Dunn, who has played with the group ever since. Al Jackson, Jr. was murdered in 1975. Since then, the trio of Dunn, Cropper and Jones have reunited on numerous occasions using various drummers, including Willie Hall, Anton Fig, Steve Jordan and Steve Potts. [1] [PAR] Play time: 1:45 [PAR] FACEBOOK - CLICK HERE to see our top picks of the day on our music group on Facebook! To post this song into Facebook...just copy the URL and past it into the Facebook comment field [PAR] More Booker T And The MGs Free Music Videos and songs [PAR] To Listen and watch Artist Booker T And The MGs album music videos... Just click on the song title links that you see below, to play. [PAR] Your Free Music Videos Playlist [PAR] By default, we play all of our songs randomly selected from our playlist; however, you can choose the songs you want played by selecting all or some songs below and adding them to your playlist. You can also browse all songs and update your playlist at View/Edit Your Playlist . [PAR] Step 1: Select your Free Music Videos. Step 2: click on 'Add Selections' button to update your list. Step 3: When you're logged in and ready, just click on 'Play Your Playlist' button. [PAR] To stop playing from your playlist and to play all of our songs, just click on 'Play All Songs' button [PAR] Status [PAR] When completed, click on either Play Your Playlist or Play All Music Videos [PAR] Here are some other song tracks from 1962 [PAR] Ace Cannon - Tuff - 1962 [2:25] - John Ace Cannon (born 5 May 1934 in Grenada, Mississippi) is an [PAR] Cascades - A Little Like Lovin' - 1962 [2:18] - The Cascades were an American vocal group best [PAR] Cascades - Dreamin - 1962 [2:22] - De Vorzon composed the hit Dreamin for Johnny Burnette and [PAR] Crystals - He's A Rebel - 1962 [2:55] - Hes a Rebel is a pop song credited to the The Crystals, [PAR] Crystals - Uptown - 1962 [2:20] - The Crystals are an American vocal group based in New York, [PAR] Jarmels - Little Lonely One - 1962 [2:37] - The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Teeth Do Cats Have? - Pets How Many Teeth Do Cats Have? - Pets [PAR] Pets [PAR] How Many Teeth Do Cats Have? [PAR] by Naomi Millburn [PAR] Feline teeth are designed for meat consumption. [PAR] Cats are more like humans than you may realize. Just like people, the fluffy cuties begin their lives with sets of deciduous \"milk teeth,\" only for them to fall out and be replaced by permanent adult-caliber chompers shortly after. Fully-grown cats end up with 30 beautiful pearlies in total. [PAR] Deciduous Teeth [PAR] The amount of teeth a cat has depends on his specific age. Young kittens possess baby teeth until their adult sets appear at roughly 6 months old. During the tender kitten months, a cat will have 26 teeth -- four less than the adult amount. However, newborn kittens are completely toothless, with the first remnants typically emerging somewhere between the two and four week bracket. [PAR] Baby Teeth Setup [PAR] Kittens do not have any baby molar teeth. Molar teeth in felines are exclusive to adults. However, the fluff balls have two lower canines, two upper canines, six upper premolars, four lower premolars and 12 incisors. These teeth all function just fine for a kitten until they begin falling out at around 3 to 4 months old, notes the Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association. [PAR] Adult Teeth [PAR] For the most part, kittens attain their full set of adult teeth by the time they're approximately half a year old. Felines definitely mature a lot faster than human babies! Adult cats grow 30 teeth, including molars, premolars, canines and incisors. The incisors appear first, followed closely by the canine, premolar and then molar teeth. During the teething process you may notice some signs of discomfort in your kitty, including reluctance to eat, gum soreness and irritable behavior as a result of oral discomfort -- poor thing. Although these are all typical signs of teething, consult your veterinarian just to be 100 percent sure. [PAR] Adult Teeth Setup [PAR] Adult cats are equipped with 30 teeth with which to finely chop up their meals. The little guys are major carnivores to the core. Felines all have four molar, 10 premolar, four canine and 12 incisor teeth. Although cats have close to as many teeth as their human companions, the function is pretty different. Feline teeth don't have as strong a focus on chewing. The sharp little things focus heavily on grinding and chopping, so always watch your hands![DOC] [TLE] Retained Deciduous Teeth (Baby Teeth) in Cats | VCA Animal Retained Deciduous Teeth (Baby Teeth) in Cats | VCA Animal Hospital [PAR] Retained Deciduous Teeth (Baby Teeth) in Cats [PAR] By Jan Bellows, DVM, Dipl. AVDC, ABVP [PAR] Care & Wellness, Surgical Conditions [PAR] March 12, 2010 [PAR] How many sets of teeth do cats have? [PAR] Like humans, cats have two sets of teeth in their lives. There are 26 deciduous teeth, also known as their primary, baby, milk, or kitten teeth, and 30 permanent teeth, also known as their adult teeth. [PAR] When do kittens get their deciduous teeth? [PAR] Kittens are born without any visible teeth. The deciduous teeth start erupting through the gums around three weeks of age and are normally finished erupting by four months of age. The kitten will have 26 primary teeth in all. [PAR] A healthy mouth depends on healthy teeth. The ideal time to begin brushing a kitten\u2019s teeth is when you first bring him home, before the discomfort of teething begins. Your veterinary health care team can help you determine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ivor the Engine - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise Ivor the Engine - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise [PAR] Ivor the Engine History Ivor the Engine is a Children\u2019s TV cartoon which first began in the 1950\u2019s. It was written by Oliver Postgate, and illustrated by Peter Firmin. Oliver Postgate also lent his voice to some of the characters, and the other characters were voiced by Anthony Jackson and Olwen Griffiths, with the music composed by Vernon Elliott. Initially Ivor the Engine first hit our screens in black and white, and was the first production of the newly created 'Smallfilms', which was produced for Associated Rediffusion. Initially only 6 episodes were made which told how Ivor got his whistle. But Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin refused to make anymore, as they said they had told Ivor\u2019s Story. Luckily for us, this changed as they expanded on Ivor\u2019s world by writing further stories for the \u2018TV Land\u2019 comic. This lead to 2 further series in black and white, each consisting of 13 episodes. Ivor the Engine proved so popular that in 1976 \u2018most\u2019 of the stories were remade in colour with new illustrations (how Ivor got his whistle wasn\u2019t remade), so Ivor and friends look slightly different. This was made possible by Associated Rediffusion giving Oliver and Peter the rights back to the stories. These colour shows were then repeated many times over the the years. In 2004 Ivor and Jones the Steam made a brief (new) appearance on our screens, where they were see promoting the BBC Wales TV channel '2W'. In 2009, Oliver's son, Dan, continued the story of Ivor and his friends by writing and publishing a new story called ' Bluebell's Christmas Mission '. It was again illustrated by Peter Firmin and was created especially to raise money for the charity 'Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad'. It was thought that many of the Black and White versions of Ivor the Engine had been lost. It was only after Oliver Postgate\u2019s death, that the original episodes were found by his family (in 2010), in the old pig shed that Oliver and Peter used to as a studio to created many of their classic shows. Hopefully they will be re-released in the future for everyone to see. Ivor is continuing to steam into the future, and even has his own app on iTunes that allows you to control Jones the Steam and drive Ivor. May he continue to captivate a new generation. Story In a sleepy part of Wales (to be precise, the top left corner of Wales), there is a railway called 'The Merioneth and Llantisilly Rail Traction Company Limited'. In a shed, in a siding, lives the locomotive of 'The Merioneth and Llantisilly Rail Traction Company Limited', which was a very long name for a very small engine. So his friends just called him Ivor. But Ivor is no normal engine, he was special, as this small green railway engine was alive! He was accompanied on his travels by Jones the Steam, who was Ivor's driver, and who loved him dearly. Everyone who Ivor met treated him as if he was a person, which Ivor liked, as he sometimes wished he was a real person, so he could play with his friends. Ivor communicates with others using his 3 tone whistle, but this was not always the case, as he used to have a small quiet whistle that just peeped. It wasn't very remarkable, but Ivor didn't mind, that was until he heard the Grumbly and District Choral Society singing whilst he was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Robert Smith (musician) - Wikiquote Robert Smith (musician) - Wikiquote [PAR] Robert Smith (musician) [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Robert Smith [PAR] Robert James Smith (born April 21 , 1959 ) is a guitarist, vocalist and songwriter. He has been the lead singer and driving force behind British post-punk band The Cure since its founding in 1976. [PAR] Sourced[ edit ] [PAR] A couple of years ago, we went to Eurodisney. That too was bearable, although it was a bit weird when Mickey Mouse came to ask for an autograph. (Humo Magazine, 2000) [PAR] But everyone I know reaches a point where they throw out their arms and go beserk for a while; otherwise you never know what your limits are. I was just trying to find mine. (Guitar Player magazine 1992) [PAR] I could write songs as bad as Wham's if I really felt the urge to, but what's the point? (The Hit magazine 1985) [PAR] I don't think of death in a romantic way anymore. (L'Express newspaper 2000) [PAR] I don't understand this obsession with banging out records. What a stupid attitude! Like the world is holding its breath waiting for the next Cure album. It isn't. (Papermag Paper Daily 1996) [PAR] I have a bag full of words, and when one of us comes up with a good piece of music, I look in the bag to see if anything there will fit. If nothing does, I sit down and try to put down on paper what the music makes me feel; very rarely will a piece of writing inspire a piece of music. (CANOE 1996) [PAR] I honestly don't class myself as a songwriter. I've got 'musician' written on my passport. That's even funnier. (The Hit magazine 1985) [PAR] I think the rock'n'roll myth of living on the edge is a pile of crap. (Spin magazine 1987) [PAR] I think we're in the Top 10 most bootlegged bands in history according to a web-poll. Pretty much every show we ever do is bootlegged, but it's very rare that one is of good enough quality to be listened to by anything other than the most fanatical people though I suppose only fanatical people buy bootlegs. (X-Press magazine 2000) [PAR] I wake up and look at myself and think, 'yuck!'. (MTV) [PAR] I wouldn't want to think people doted on us, hung on every word, or wanted to look like us. (Trouser Press 1980) [PAR] I'm not going to worry about the Cure slipping down into the second division; it doesn't bother me because I never expected to be in the first division anyway. [A soccer reference] (Alternative Press) [PAR] I've always spent more time with a smile on my face than not, but the thing is, I don't write about it. (Rolling Stone magazine 1997) [PAR] I've experienced such extremes both in the band and in my personal life, feelings that last for just a few seconds at a time, that it's like a drug. After a while, when they're not there you notice the absence of it and nothing seems real anymore and nothings quite sharp enough or focused enough. (Spin magazine 1989) [PAR] Jimi Hendrix changed my life. Each generation influences the following one and as a consequence brings it back to the past. (L'Express newspaper 2000) [PAR] Most of the time I'm a professional idiot. I really don't care about what other people think, which can be a bad thing. (The Hit magazine 1985) [PAR] No, come to think of it, I don't think the Cure will end, but I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greyhound Racing, Manchester, United Kingdom - YouTube Greyhound Racing, Manchester, United Kingdom - YouTube [PAR] Greyhound Racing, Manchester, United Kingdom [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 31, 2012 [PAR] Greyhound Racing at Belle Vue Stadium, Manchester, UK, (29th December 2012). Check out this Youtube channel too: http://www.youtube.com/jonbrookscomposer [PAR] The very first race around an oval track in Britain was held on 24 July 1926. It is also used for speedway as the home ground of Elite League team Belle Vue Aces since 1988 and since 1999 has British Stock Car Association (BriSCA), the British governing body for stock car racing and banger racing. The stadium holds a number of BriSCA events and has become one of the most popular venues in the North-West of England. [PAR] The track has always been the property of Greyhound Racing Association Ltd. (GRA), which has invested heavily in it right through to the current day. The stadium offers luxury glass-fronted grandstands, restaurant, hospitality boxes, and several bars. Greyhound racing takes place on Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday evenings. [PAR] In 1925 Charles A. Munn, an American businessman, made a deal with Smith and Sawyer for the rights to promote the greyhound racing in Britain. Although the earlier attempt to introduce mechanical racing at Hendon had almost been forgotten, the pastime of coursing was as strong as ever in Britain. Fortunately for Munn, the first person he contacted with regards to reintroducing greyhound racing into Britain was Major L. Lyne Dixson. The Major was a leading figure in British field sports and was quickly won over to the idea presented to him by the American entrepreneur. [PAR] Finding other supporters proved to rather difficult however. With the General Strike of 1926 looming, the two men scoured the country in an attempt to find others who would join them. Eventually they met Brigadier-General Alfred Critchley, who in turn introduced them to Sir William Gentle JP. Between them they raised \u00a322,000 and formed the Greyhound Racing Association Ltd. [PAR] Six races with seven dogs in each race were held in the first meeting. Fifty years later a stand was named after Mistley, the winner of the first race. Running the quarter-mile flat course in 25 seconds, Mistley romped home eight lengths clear at 6--1. [PAR] Belle Vue increased the number of runners per race to seven, but after the formation of the NGRC in 1928 the maximum number of dogs per race was limited to six. [PAR] GREYHOUNDS: [PAR] The Greyhound is a breed of sighthound that has been primarily bred for coursing game and racing, which has also recently seen a resurgence in its popularity as a pedigree show dog and family pet. [PAR] Greyhounds as Pets: [PAR] Greyhound owners and adoption groups consider Greyhounds to be wonderful pets. Greyhounds are quiet, gentle, and loyal to owners. They are very loving creatures, and they enjoy the company of their humans and other dogs. Whether a Greyhound enjoys the company of other small animals or cats depends on the individual dog's personality. Greyhounds will typically chase small animals; those lacking a high 'prey drive' will be able to coexist happily with toy dog breeds and/or cats. Many owners describe their Greyhounds (a retired racing dog) as \"45 mile per hour couch potatoes\". [PAR] Greyhounds live"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Caviar, Facts and Figures: 26 Things to Know Types of Caviar, Facts and Figures: 26 Things to Know [PAR] By Carola Traverso Saibante on [PAR] December 11, 2015 [PAR] Acipenseridae. The name of a prehistoric fish family from which caviar is obtained. Commonly known as sturgeon, there are around 20 different species native to the cold and temperate waters of the northern hemisphere. [PAR] Beluga. The quality and price of caviar varies according to the species. The most highly priced caviar of all is that of Beluga, followed by Ossetra and Sevruga. [PAR] Caspian. Most of the sturgeons killed for the caviar market come from the Caspian Sea. [PAR] Diamond. The most exclusive quality of caviar is undoubtedly Almas, which is Russian for \u201cdiamond\u201d: in fact its price can even be as high as this precious form of carbon. [PAR] Extinction. Sturgeons are now in danger of extinction: overfishing, first and foremost, along with dams, pollution and an impoverished environment, have reduced the population by 70% in the space of one century. [PAR] Fake. Fake caviar is very common. Each tin must carry a universal code with information regarding origin, species and whether or not the caviar derives from a wild or harvested source. All too often, however, such labels are also faked. [PAR] Gold. \u201cBlack gold\u201d, or \u201cwhite gold\u201d are names given to caviar; the exquisitely delicious eggs sometimes to be found behind the base of the gills of certain species are actually gold in colour; a 24 carat gold tin contains Almas caviar, the most expensive in the world: 25,000 Euro per kilo. And that's not all... (see letter T). [PAR] Hundred. Female sturgeons can actually carry 100 pounds - 45 kilos - of eggs at one time. [PAR] Italian. Italy sells caviar to Russia: this paradoxical achievement of \u201cItalian business flair\u201d has bypassed the Russian embargo against European imports - from which caviar is exempt -, and transformed Russia into the best customer of the most important producer of European caviar, an Italian company of course. [PAR] Julius II. Julius II, known as the \"Warrior Pope\u201d and the papal patron of Michelangelo's works in the Sistine Chapel, used to love caviar: he was responsible for introducing it at European royal ceremonies, thus sealing its reputation forever as \"food fit for a King\", or more precisely as \"food fit for a Tsar\". [PAR] Kh\u0101g-\u0101var. The Persian word from which the noun \"caviar\" derives literally translates as \"roe generator\". [PAR] Lumpfish. Lumpfish, together with paddlefish and salmon, are other species of fish whose roe is salt-cured in the same way as sturgeon roe. However, since 2010 the Codex Alimentarius of the United Nations has decreed that the term \"caviar\" may only be used to indicate the latter. [PAR] Malossol. The Russian term traditionally used to indicate that a caviar is \"low in salt\" - 3-5% - and therefore more valuable. Today, however, this wording is not such a reliable indicator of quality. [PAR] Ninety. The number of sturgeon farms worldwide: a quantity, however, that is not sufficient to prevent this species from being overfished. [PAR] Ounce. The finest caviar can easily cost as much as 200 $ an ounce (28 grams): this roe is taken from the larger and older animals, those which should not be fished at all since they are crucial to the survival of the population. [PAR] Pearl. Pearl, or rather mother-of-pearl, is the ideal material a caviar spoon should be made of for gathering up the precious fish roe pearls. A metal spoon would ruin their taste. [PAR] Qantas. The Australian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth I - English History Queen Elizabeth I: Biography, Facts, Portraits & Information [PAR] Queen Elizabeth I: Biography, Facts, Portraits & Information [PAR] Queen Elizabeth I \u2013 Tudor Queen [PAR] Elizabeth Tudor is considered by many to be the greatest monarch in English history. When she became queen in 1558, she was twenty-five years old, a survivor of scandal and danger, and considered illegitimate by most Europeans. She inherited a bankrupt nation, torn by religious discord, a weakened pawn between the great powers of France and Spain. She was only the third queen to rule England in her own right; the other two examples, her cousin Lady Jane Grey and half-sister Mary I, were disastrous. Even her supporters believed her position dangerous and uncertain. Her only hope, they counseled, was to marry quickly and lean upon her husband for support. But Elizabeth had other ideas. [PAR] She ruled alone for nearly half a century, lending her name to a glorious epoch in world history. She dazzled even her greatest enemies. Her sense of duty was admirable, though it came at great personal cost. She was committed above all else to preserving English peace and stability; her genuine love for her subjects was legendary. Only a few years after her death in 1603, they lamented her passing. In her greatest speech to Parliament, she told them, \u2018I count the glory of my crown that I have reigned with your love.\u2019 And five centuries later, the worldwide love affair with Elizabeth Tudor continues. [PAR] \u2018Proud and haughty, as although she knows she was born of such a mother, she nevertheless does not consider herself of inferior degree to the Queen, whom she equals in self-esteem; nor does she believe herself less legitimate than her Majesty, alleging in her own favour that her mother would never cohabit with the King unless by way of marriage, with the authority of the Church\u2026. [PAR] She prides herself on her father and glories in him; everybody saying that she also resembles him more than the Queen does and he therefore always liked her and had her brought up in the same way as the Queen.\u2019 the Venetian ambassador Giovanni Michiel describes Elizabeth; spring 1557 [PAR] Elizabeth Tudor was born on 7 September 1533 at Greenwich Palace. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry had defied the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor to marry Anne, spurred on by love and the need for a legitimate male heir. And so Elizabeth\u2019s birth was one of the most exciting political events in 16th century European history; rarely had so much turmoil occurred on behalf of a mere infant. But the confident predictions of astrologers and physicians were wrong and the longed-for prince turned out to be a princess. [PAR] Anne Boleyn [PAR] Eustace Chapuys, the Imperial ambassador and enemy of Anne Boleyn, described the birth to his master as \u2018a portrait of Elizabeth\u2019s mother, Anne Boleyn great disappointment and sorrow to the King, the Lady herself and to others of her party.\u2019 But for the next two years, Henry VIII was willing to hope for a son to join this healthy daughter. Immediately after Elizabeth\u2019s birth, he wrote to his 17 year old daughter, Princess Mary, and demanded she relinquish her title Princess of Wales and acknowledge both the annulment of his marriage to her mother, Katharine of Aragon, and the validity of his new marriage. Mary refused; she already blamed Anne Boleyn (and, by extension, Elizabeth) for the sad alteration of her own fortunes. In December,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oberbaum Bridge, Berlin, Germany Tourist Information Oberbaum Bridge, Berlin, Germany Tourist Information [PAR] Locals and travelers to connect with [PAR] About [PAR] Berlin, Germany [PAR] 52.501913.4456 [PAR] The Oberbaum Bridge (German: Oberbaumbr\u00fccke) is a double-deck bridge crossing Berlin 's River Spree , considered one of the city's landmarks. It links Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg , former boroughs that were divided by the Berlin Wall, and has become an important symbol of Berlin\u2019s unity. [PAR] The lower deck of the bridge carries a roadway, which connects Oberbaum Stra\u00dfe to the south of the river with Warschauer Stra\u00dfe to the north. The upper deck of the bridge carries Berlin U-Bahn line U1, between Schlesisches Tor and Warschauer Stra\u00dfe stations. The bridge appears prominently in the 1998 film Run Lola Run. [PAR] Map"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] France State Symbols, Song, Flags and More - Worldatlas.com France State Symbols, Song, Flags and More - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Bird: Gallic Rooster [PAR] Coat of Arms: [PAR] Coat of Arms: The current emblem of France has been a symbol of France since 1953, although it does not have any legal status as an official coat of arms. It is printed on the cover of French passports and was adopted originally by the French Foreign Ministry as a symbol for use by diplomatic and consular missions during 1912. It is considered an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not respect heraldic rules. [PAR] The emblem consists of a wide shield with, on the one end a lion-head and on the other an eagle-head, bearing a monogram \"RF\" standing for Republique Francaise (French Republic). A laurel branch symbolizes victory of the Republic, the oak branch symbolizes perennity or wisdom, and the fasces is a symbol associated with justice (the bundle of rods and an axe, carried by Roman lictors). [PAR] Flag of France [PAR] Flower: Lily [PAR] Marianne: Marianne is present everywhere in France and holds a place of honor in town halls and law courts. She symbolizes the \"Triumph of the Republic\", and stands as a bronze sculpture overlooking Place de la Nation in Paris. Her profile is found on the official seal of the country, and engraved on coins and drawn on stamps and banknotes. Next to the flag, Marianne is considered the most prominent depiction of the French Republic. [PAR] Motto: \"Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite\" meaning \"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity\" [PAR] National Anthem: La Marseillaise (words and music by C. Rouget de Lisle), may be the best-known and most inspirational national anthem in the world. [PAR] National Emblem: The Gallic Rooster decorated French flags during the Revolution, and since 1848, the rooster has been seen on the seal of the Republic. It was used from 1899 as a motif on gold 20 franc coins and it occasionally appears on stamps. [PAR] National Holiday: July 14 (or \"Fete de la Federation\") is celebrated with a mixture of solemn military parades, dancing in the streets and fireworks. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 has been commemorated in France for more than a century."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MINOTAUR (Minotauros) - Bull-Headed Man of Greek Mythology MINOTAUR (Minotauros) - Bull-Headed Man of Greek Mythology [PAR] Bull of Minos [PAR] Theseus and the Minotaur, Athenian black-figure kylix C6th B.C., Toledo Museum of Art [PAR] THE MINOTAUROS (Minotaur) was a bull-headed monster born to Queen Pasiphae of Krete (Crete) after she coupled with a bull. The creature resided in the twisting maze of the labyrinth where it was offfered a regular sacrifice of youths and maidens to satisfy its cannibalistic hunger. The beast was eventually slain by the hero Theseus. [PAR] The Minotauros' proper name Asterion, \"the starry one,\" suggests he might have been associated with the constellation Tauros. [PAR] FAMILY OF THE MINOTAUR [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] THE KRETAN BULL & PASIPHAE (Apollodorus 3.8, Callimachus Hymn 4.311, Diodorus Siculus 4.77.1, Philostratus Elder 1.16, Hyginus Fab. 40, Ovid Metamorphoses 8.130, Virgil Aeneid 6.24, Suidas) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] MINOTAURUS (Min\u00f4tauros), a monster with a human body and a bull's head, or, according to others, with the body of an ox and a human head; is said to have been the offspring of the intercourse of Pasipha\u00eb with the bull sent from the sea to Minos, who shut him up in the Cnossian labyrinth, and fed him with the bodies of the youths and maidens whom the Athenians at fixed times were obliged to send to Minos as tribute. The monster was slain by Theseus. It was often represented by ancient artists either alone in the labyrinth, or engaged in the struggle with Theseus. (Paus. i. 24. \u00a7 2, 27, in fin. iii. 18. \u00a7 7; Apollod. iii. 1. \u00a7 4, 15. \u00a7 8.) [PAR] Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. [PAR] ALTERNATE NAMES [PAR] Theseus and the Minotaur, Athenian red-figure kylix C6th B.C., Mus\u00e9e du Louvre [PAR] Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 8 - 11 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : [PAR] \"Minos aspired to the throne [of Krete (Crete)], but was rebuffed. He claimed, however, that he had received the sovereignty from the gods, and to prove it he said that whatever he prayed for would come about. So while sacrificing to Poseidon, he prayed for a bull to appear from the depths of the sea, and promised to sacrifice it upon its appearance. And Poseidon did send up to him a splendid bull. Thus Minos received the rule, but he sent the bull to his herds and sacrificed another . . . Poseidon was angry that the bull was not sacrificed, and turned it wild. He also devised that Pasiphae should develop a lust for it. In her passion for the bull she took on as her accomplice an architect named Daidalos (Daedalus) . . . He built a woden cow on wheels, . . . skinned a real cow, and sewed the contraption into the skin, and then, after placing Pasiphae inside, set it in a meadow where the bull normally grazed. The bull came up and had intercourse with it, as if with a real cow. Pasiphae gave birth to Asterios (Asterius), who was called Minotauros (Minotaur). He had the face of a bull, but was otherwise human. Minos, following certain oracular instructions, kept him confined and under guard in the labyrinth. This labyrinth, which Daidalos built, was a \u2018cage with convoluted flextions that disorders debouchment.\u2019\" [PAR] Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 213 : [PAR] \"The god [i.e. the oracle of Delphoi (Delphi)] told them [the Athenians] to give Minos [king of Krete (Crete)] whatever retribution he should chose . . . He ordered them to send seven young men and seven girls, unarmed, to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - Stepmom (1998) Stepmom (1998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A terminally ill woman has to settle on her former husband's new lover, who will be their children's stepmother. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 03 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 23 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 27 images [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Stepmom \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 8 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] When a woman's long-time friend reveals he's engaged, she realizes she loves him herself and sets out to get him, with only days before the wedding. [PAR] Director: P.J. Hogan [PAR] A reporter is assigned to write a story about a woman who has left a string of fiances at the altar. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] An unemployed single mother becomes a legal assistant and almost single-handedly brings down a California power company accused of polluting a city's water supply. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] A free-thinking art professor teaches conservative 1950s Wellesley girls to question their traditional social roles. [PAR] Director: Mike Newell [PAR] A young woman fakes her own death in an attempt to escape her nightmarish marriage, but discovers it is impossible to elude her controlling husband. [PAR] Director: Joseph Ruben [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful prostitute he meets... only to fall in love. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] The life of a simple bookshop owner changes when he meets the most famous film star in the world. [PAR] Director: Roger Michell [PAR] A married woman realizes how unhappy her marriage really is, and that her life needs to go in a different direction. After a painful divorce, she takes off on a round-the-world journey to \"find herself\". [PAR] Director: Ryan Murphy [PAR] After she discovers that her boyfriend has betrayed her, Hilary O'Neil is looking for a new start and a new job. She begins to work as a private nurse for a young man suffering from blood ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] A young beautician, newly arrived in a small Louisiana town, finds work at the local salon, where a small group of women share a close bond of friendship and welcome her into the fold. [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] A movie publicist deals with the messy public split of his movie's co-stars while keeping reporters at bay while a reclusive director holds the film's print hostage. [PAR] Director: Joe Roth [PAR] A woman's world is rocked when she discovers her husband is cheating on her. [PAR] Director: Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Anna and Ben, the two children of Jackie and Luke, have to cope with the fact that their parents divorced and that there is a new"
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        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Holst: \"I Vow To Thee My Country\" (Orchestral Arrangement ... Holst: \"I Vow To Thee My Country\" (Orchestral Arrangement) - YouTube [PAR] Holst: \"I Vow To Thee My Country\" (Orchestral Arrangement) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 18, 2011 [PAR] \"I Vow To Thee My Country (Hymn from ''Jupiter'')\" This hymn tune by the British composer Gustav Holst is based on the stately theme from the middle section of the \"Jupiter\" movement of his orchestral suite \"The Planets.\" He adapted the theme in 1921 to fit the patriotic poem \"I Vow to Thee, My Country\" by Sir Cecil Spring-Rice. The hymn was first performed in 1925 and quickly became a patriotic anthem. It was played at Diana, Princess of Wales' wedding to Prince Charles and also performed as part of her funeral ceremony in 1997. [PAR] I realized this arrangement for full \"orchestra\" including pipe organ and double choir. [PAR] This piece is dedicated to my friends and distant relations living in the United Kingdom. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] I Vow to Thee, My Country (From Suite \u201cThe Planets ... I Vow to Thee, My Country (From Suite \u201cThe Planets\" - Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity, organ) - YouTube [PAR] I Vow to Thee, My Country (From Suite \u201cThe Planets\" - Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity, organ) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 7, 2015 [PAR] In the video you can hear my free interpretation, taken from a transcription for organ solo by Machella Maurizio, of the famous hymn \"I Vow to Thee, My Country\", written by Gustav Holst and taken from a central section of the seven movements that make up the Suite \"The Planets\", i.e. the movement entitled \"Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity\". [PAR] Holst reworked this section of the Suite in the hymn \"I Vow to Thee, My Country\" whose words were taken from a poem of the diplomat Cecil Spring Rice, tune that became very popular in England and often used in solemn occasions. [PAR] The suite \"The Planets\" (written between 1914 and 1916) is a suite for large orchestra and consists of seven movements, and inspired by the passion of Gustav Holst to astrology and Theosophy. These seven movements have the name of a planet and of its astrological character. [PAR] This suite was most likely influenced by some compositions by Mahler and Schoenberg. [PAR] The tune was recorded with hauptwerk system, sample set of the Father Willis organ, Hereford Cathedral, I wish everyone a good listening and I invite you to read at the end of the description the original text of the anthem in English. Thanks for your attention. [PAR] I vow to thee, my country, all earthly things above, [PAR] Entire and whole and perfect, the service of my love; [PAR] The love that asks no question, the love that stands the test, [PAR] That lays upon the altar the dearest and the best; [PAR] The love that never falters, the love that pays the price, [PAR] The love that makes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hotels in Bray - Wicklow Hotel | Martello Hotel Hotels in Bray | Best Price Guaranteed | Wicklow Hotel | Martello Hotel [PAR] Gift Vouchers [PAR] Welcome to the Martello - Bar, Restaurant and Hotel, Bray Co. Wicklow [PAR] Welcome to The Martello Hotel situated in a stunning location giving breathtaking views across the Irish Sea and the imposing Bray Head. The Martello Hotel is the Number One Bray Hotel on Tripadvisor and offers an unmatched combination of accommodation , dining , drink , music and late night entertainment in a lively, vibrant, modern setting on the seafront at Bray, County Wicklow, Ireland just 30 minutes from Dublin City Centre. [PAR] The Martello Hotel Bray provides 25 en-suite recently renovated hotel bedrooms and 19 self-catering apartments , ideal for those on any budget! [PAR] The Martello Hotel is renowned for the fun-loving buzzy atmosphere and style of the hugely popular \u2018 Martello Bar \u2019 which incorporates a continental style outdoor area. On the first floor the Tower Bistro offers a casual, great value dining experience seven days a week. [PAR] For those who want to continue the revelry into the early hours \u2018 Koo \u2019 night club is the perfect spot in Bray, Wicklow. [PAR] Just a 5 minute walk from the local railway station, The Martello Hotel is convenient to the attractions of Dublin city, a short 30-minute ride away on the DART.[DOC] [TLE] Hotel Royal & Leisure Centre, Bray, Ireland - Booking.com Hotel Royal & Leisure Centre, Bray, Ireland - Booking.com [PAR] Location [PAR] 7.5 [PAR] This property is a 8-minute walk from the beach. Situated just 25 minutes\u2019 drive from Dublin\u2019s city centre, the family friendly Royal Hotel and Merrill Leisure Club is situated in the heart of Bray, Co. Wicklow. It is only a 5-minute walk from Bray seafront and guests have free access to the hotel\u2019s swimming pool, sauna, and spa bath. [PAR] The refurbished Merrill Leisure Club also offers a steam room, aerobics studio and a Kinesis wall for fitness. It boast a fully equipped gym, spacious changing rooms and an extensive beauty salon with many treatments and massages available. [PAR] Guests can dine in McGettigan\u2019s Bray restaurant & bar, which offers a modern Irish dining experience and award-winning food. The bar offers a variety of beers, wines and spirits, as well as local bands performing every weekend. [PAR] A range of entertainment is provided at the hotel, with a games room and live entertainment. There is a complimentary children\u2019s camp daily during the school holidays for young children, with Merrill the dolphin, the hotel\u2019s own mascot. [PAR] The Royal Hotel is less than 5 minutes' walk from the DART station, where services run to Dublin city centre. There are also bus stops just outside the property, with links to Dublin. Both Dundrum Town Centre shopping centre and Powerscourt Waterfall and Gardens are a 15-minute drive away. Killruddery House and Gardens are a 5-minute drive away. [PAR] We speak your language! [PAR] The Royal Hotel & Merrill Leisure Club has been welcoming Booking.com guests since Jun 17, 2009 [PAR] Hotel Rooms: 79 [PAR] Read more [PAR] Booking.com Guest Review Guidelines [PAR] To keep the rating score and review content relevant for your upcoming trip, we archive reviews older than 24 months. [PAR] Only a customer who has booked through Booking.com and stayed at the property in question can write a review. This allows us to verify that our reviews come from real guests like you. Who better to tell others about the free breakfast, friendly staff, or their comfortable room than someone"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BGN - Bulgarian Lev rates, news, and tools - XE.com BGN - Bulgarian Lev rates, news, and tools [PAR] BGN - Bulgarian Lev [PAR] Bulgaria, Lev [PAR] The Bulgarian Lev is the currency of Bulgaria. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Bulgaria Lev exchange rate is the BGN to GBP rate . The currency code for Leva is BGN, and the currency symbol is \u043b\u0432. Below, you'll find Bulgarian Lev rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take BGN rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website.[DOC] [TLE] BGN | Bulgarian Lev | OANDA BGN | Bulgarian Lev | OANDA [PAR] Bulgarian Lev [PAR] Overview [PAR] The currency for Bulgaria is the Bulgarian Lev (BGN). It is expect that Bulgaria will change their currency to the Euro in 2015. The Lev is pegged to the Euro at a rate of 1.95583 Leva = 1 Euro. Three Lev currency editions were introduced prior to the current Bulgarian Lev (BGN). The symbol for the Bulgarian Lev is \u043b\u0432. [PAR] Economy [PAR] Bulgaria\u2019s main income is industrial-based. The country is rated by the World Bank as a higher middle income country. Expectations are that Bulgaria will join the Eurozone in 2015. [PAR] In 2010 the GDP growth was 0.2%. [PAR] The main industries are base metals, water and gas, tobacco, electricity, refined petroleum, chemical products, food, and coke. [PAR] Export products are steel, iron, clothing, footwear, fuels, and machinery. Import products are plastics, minerals, ores, equipment, machinery, and raw materials. [PAR] The unemployment rate is estimated at 3%. [PAR] Agriculture accounts for 7% of the GDP. [PAR] History [PAR] In 1881 the first edition of the Lev was introduced as the official currency for Bulgaria; it had the same value as the French Franc . [PAR] During 1940 the Lev was pegged to the German Reichsmark. 1 Reischmark = 32.75 Leva. [PAR] The Soviet Union occupied Bulgaria in 1944 and the Lev was pegged to the Russian Ruble at 1 Ruble = 15 Leva. [PAR] From 1945 to 1952 the Bulgarian lev was pegged to the US Dollar a number of times. [PAR] The second Lev was introduced in 1952 and was used until 1962. [PAR] In 1962 the third series of the Lev was introduced. It was subdivided into dominations of 1,000 and the new Lev was pegged to the German Mark at par. [PAR] The Lev currently used in Bulgaria was introduced in 1995. [PAR] Symbols and Names [PAR] Nicknames: lev \u2013 kint. 1,000 levs \u2013 bon. stotinka \u2013 kamuk. money \u2013 mangizi [PAR] ISO 4217 Code [PAR] Stotinka = 1/100 of a Lev [PAR] Denominations [PAR] Bills: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 levs [PAR] Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 stotinki. 1 lev [PAR] Countries Using This Currency [PAR] SITE MAP [PAR] \u00a9 1996 - 2017 OANDA Corporation. All rights reserved. \"OANDA\", \"fxTrade\" and OANDA's \"fx\" family of trademarks are owned by OANDA Corporation. All other trademarks appearing on this Website are the property of their respective owners. [PAR] Leveraged trading in foreign currency contracts or other off-exchange products on margin carries a high level of risk and may not be suitable for everyone. We advise you to carefully consider whether trading is appropriate for you in light of your personal circumstances. You may lose more than you invest. Information on this website is general in nature. We recommend that you seek independent financial advice and ensure you fully understand the risks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV presenter Fern Britton says ageing helped her conquer ... TV presenter Fern Britton says ageing helped her conquer depression | Celebrity News | Showbiz & TV | Daily Express [PAR] I'm nearly 60 but I feel 26: Fern Britton on why hitting 60 holds no fear [PAR] VETERAN TV host Fern Britton insists ageing does not frighten her and says she still feels 26. [PAR] 00:01, Fri, Apr 29, 2016 [PAR] | UPDATED: 08:10, Fri, Apr 29, 2016 [PAR] JOHN SWANNELL [PAR] TV host Fern Britton says ageing does not frighten her as she still feels 26 [PAR] The mother of four, who turns 60 in July next year, reckons she is getting happier as the years go by. [PAR] Married to TV chef Phil Vickery since 2000, the presenter has enjoyed a stellar career as the face of BBC\u2019s Ready Steady Cook and ITV\u2019s This Morning. [PAR] Related articles [PAR] Can you name the iconic TV stars from yesteryear? [PAR] Fern said her milestone birthday does not worry her, adding: \u201cIn my head, I am still 26. But ageing doesn\u2019t frighten me. I think it will be all right.\u201d [PAR] In 2014 she revealed her lifelong struggle with depression, spending years on antidepressants before giving them up in 2012. [PAR] JOHN SWANNELL [PAR] In 2004, Fern revealed she had been battling depression for most of her life [PAR] But Fern insists that she feels happier as she gets older and said: \u201cI think age is helping, funnily enough. [PAR] \u201cI can see and feel the joy in life more now than I used to. [PAR] \u201cI am quietly sitting on a really comfortable sofa now and every day I am just getting more snuggled into it and life is really good. Phil always brings me a nice cup of tea in the morning. [PAR] \u201cThose are the things that give me real pleasure. [PAR] Do what you wish, look the way you want and be the way you are [PAR] Fern Britton [PAR] \u201cThose are the things that give me real pleasure. [PAR] \u201cIf I\u2019m any inspiration at all, I would say: Do what you wish, look the way you want and be the way you are. [PAR] \u201cDon\u2019t think you have to look better, have the best haircut, have a proper car and a pay rise. [PAR] \u201cJust ask yourself, am I happy? That\u2019s the only thing you need. Do I have nice friends, do my family love me, am I happy? That\u2019s it!\u201d [PAR] Fern, who lives in Buckinghamshire, has just finished her sixth novel in six years. [PAR] GETTY [PAR] Fern quit This Morning after it was revealed co-presenter Philip Schofield was paid three times more [PAR] GETTY [PAR] The 59-year-old has been married to TV chef Phil Vickery since 2000 [PAR] The Postcard is due to be published on June 2. [PAR] In 2009 she quit ITV\u2019s This Morning show after 10 years when it was revealed that her co-host Phillip Schofield earned around triple her salary. [PAR] She does not hold a grudge but admitted that older women in the business do face scrutiny from TV bosses. [PAR] Fern added: \u201cI did 10 really good years at This Morning. You imagine you could do another 10, but there may be people wondering how they are going to get rid of you.\u201d [PAR] The full interview with Fern appears in the June issue of Good Housekeeping, on sale on Tuesday. [PAR] Related articles[DOC] [TLE] Who is Fern Britton dating? Fern Britton boyfriend, husband Who is Fern Britton dating? Fern Britton boyfriend, husband"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Bundle of 13 Arrows in the American Eagle's Left Talon ... A Bundle of 13 Arrows in the American Eagle's Left Talon on the U.S. Seal [PAR] The Bundle of Thirteen Arrows [PAR] in the Eagle's Left Talon on the U.S. Seal [PAR] Arrows were first suggested by Francis Hopkinson , the consultant and artist on the second Great Seal committee. In his preliminary design, one of the figures supporting the shield was an Indian warrior holding a bow & arrow and carrying a quiver of arrows (shown here). The other figure was a lady representing Peace bearing an olive branch . Beneath them was a Latin motto that meant \"Prepared in War or in Peace.\" [PAR] When Charles Thomson put together the final design for the Great Seal, he placed a bundle of arrows in the eagle's left (sinister) talon. The official description specifies the bald Eagle holding \"in his sinister a bundle of thirteen arrows.\" [PAR] The official explanation describes the symbolism: \"The Olive branch and arrows denote the power of peace & war which is exclusively vested in Congress.\" [PAR] In heraldry, the symbol in a figure's right hand is more significant than the one in its left hand. All dies of the Great Seal have shown the American eagle facing the olive branch on its right side \u0096 further emphasizing the power of peace. The eagle on the Seal of the President , however, used to face the arrows. [PAR] Charles Thomson specified a bundle of arrows, and in his preliminary sketch (above) showed the thirteen arrows tightly aligned \u0096 a symbol of \"strength in unity \" that's found in the traditional cultures everywhere, from the Romans to the Iroquois. [PAR] We Are Unbreakable [PAR] Rabbi Marc Gellman [PAR] A Prayer for America, Yankee Stadium, September 23, 2001 [PAR] The Talmud and the African tribe, the Masai tribe, both teach a wisdom for our wounded world. They both taught: [PAR] Sticks alone can be broken by a child, but sticks in a bundle are unbreakable. [PAR] The fears and sorrows of this moment are so heavy, they can break us if we try to bear them alone. But if we are bundled together \u0096 if we stick together \u0096 we are unbreakable. [PAR] And we shall do far more than merely survive. We shall overcome. We shall overcome the forces of hatred, without allowing hatred to unbundle us. We shall overcome the forces of terror, without using fear to unbundle us. [PAR] So in all our comings and our goings, from this time forth, let us remember: That the person next to you, in front of you, behind you, is not merely an obstacle to your free and unfettered life. They are a part of this bundle, that keeps you and each of us from breaking. [PAR] Let us never again view our fellow New Yorkers, our fellow Americans, our fellow citizens of the world, as limitations on our life or freedom. But rather as the moral twine that binds us, and saves us, and delivers us from evil. [PAR] A bundle of arrows was also an emblem on early paper money . [PAR] \"After much occasion to consider the folly and mischiefs of a state of warfare, and the little or no advantage obtained even by those nations who have conducted it with the most success, I have been apt to think that there has never been, or ever will be, any such thing as a good war, or a bad peace.\" \u0096 Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Shipley, June 10, 1782 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Magic Roundabout - TV.com The Magic Roundabout - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] The Magic Roundabout [PAR] EDIT [PAR] Welcome to The Magic Roundabout guide at TV.com. Created by Serge Danot in 1965, The Magic Roundabout became a television legend. The five minute slot just before the early evening news guaranteed the programme a viewing figure of over eight million. Seemingly innocent children's animation series included witty commentary for the adults, allowing two generations to enjoy it. Flavoured with a laid-back and surreal view of life, the programme reflected a heavy sixties feel. It soon achieved a cult status. The programme featured a rather off-the-wall cast. Its included Dougal, a shaggy dog who lived on a strict diet of sugar; an eccentric bouncing character called Zebedee, who would announce his arrival with a 'boing'; a rabbit named Dylan,Whos grew drugs in his carrot patch (which may be why the magic roundabout got cancelled and then came back on later. Ermintrude the pink cow, Florence, Brian the snail and their friends in the Garden. Thus The Magic Roundabout staked its place in television history. The most famous sentence of the series was Zebedee's standard declaration \"Time for Bed\" sending millions of children to sleep every evening. The Magic Roundabout was re-run on channel 4 television at the end of last year, winning yet another generation of young fans. The beginning of the Magic Roundabout series kicks off with an unhappy Mr Rusty wishing that the magic would return to his roundabout, Zebedee achieves this by bringing children to play in the garden and ride the roundabout. Heya sonic revolution her! just saying its been a fun couple of months on the guide.Thanks everyone.moreless[DOC] [TLE] The Magic Roundabout - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise The Magic Roundabout - Childrens TV | Jedi's Paradise [PAR] The Magic Roundabout The Magic Roundabout is a 60\u2019s Children\u2019s TV animated show. It was created by a Frenchman Serge Danot with help from his English friend Ivor Wood and his wife Josiane. In 1964 it made its first appearance on French television (the 1st series was in black and white) and went on to become known a classic. The episodes were filmed in a derelict house in Paris where the fuses kept blowing because of the amount of electricity used by the lighting on the set. Joy Whitby, the producer of Play School secured the rights to The Magic Roundabout for the UK, but knew that it needed more work on it for a UK audience. Eric Thompson, who was at the time working as a presenter of Play School, was asked to do the voices and narration of the programmes. He did not use any of the original character names and he did not work from the translations of the French scripts but made up stories to fit the pictures as he went along. This was attributed to his dislike of the French and that he felt the French version was too noisy. If you compare the two versions you will notice how quiet the English version is. Eric enjoyed making the show and didn\u2019t dumb down the content for children, ensuring he didn\u2019t write anything patronising for them and always used large words. It was full of humour and social commentary. In 1965 the Magic Roundabout was first broadcast to a UK audience. It gained many viewers young and old mainly because it was shown in the five minute slot before the early evening news. It became family viewing and garnered viewing figures of over eight million. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission - Boro Taxis NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission - Boro Taxis [PAR] [PAR] Your guide to Boro Taxis [PAR] The yellow taxi is an iconic symbol of New York City. But since the summer of 2013, New Yorkers can now spot a different color cab cruising city streets. The Taxi & Limousine Commission\u2019s new Boro Taxi program (also known as the Street Hail Livery program) has licensed thousands of green Boro Taxis to serve areas of New York not commonly served by yellow medallion cabs. The goal of the Boro Taxi program is to improve access to street-hail transportation throughout the five boroughs \u2013 especially for persons with disabilities and people who live or spend time in areas of New York City historically underserved by the yellow taxi industry. [PAR] Boro Taxi drivers can pick up passengers from the street in northern Manhattan (north of West 110th street and East 96th street), the Bronx, Queens (excluding the airports), Brooklyn and Staten Island and they may drop you off anywhere. Each vehicle is associated with a local car service that has been affiliated with the Boro Taxi program and can still participate in pre-arranged trips. Boro Taxi drivers can be dispatched to pick you up in northern Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island and at the airports, but may not pick up any trips \u2013 pre-arranged or street hail \u2013 in the Manhattan exclusionary zone. [PAR] Boro Taxis can pick up passengers by street hail or prearranged trip outside the Manhattan exclusionary zone and by prearranged trip only at the airports. (Source: TLC) [PAR] Boro Taxis have a number of features that ensure that they are easy to identify. Much like yellow taxis, Boro Taxis are uniform in color (apple green), have a debit/credit card reader, a meter, a roof light and a camera or a partition. The metered fare in a Boro Taxi is the same rate as for yellow taxis. Boro Taxis are equipped with GPS trackers to make it easier to find lost property and enforce our rules. These vehicles are inspected for safety and proper taxi equipment by the TLC twice every year. [PAR] All Boro Taxis are required to have the same markings and equipment to make them easy recognizable to passengers. (Source: Smart Design) [PAR] Passenger Resources"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the square root of 81? | Socratic What is the square root of 81? | Socratic [PAR] What is the square root of 81? [PAR] Start with a one sentence answer [PAR] Then teach the underlying concepts [PAR] Don't copy without citing sources [PAR] Write a one sentence answer... [PAR] Answer: [PAR] I want someone to double check my answer [PAR] Describe your changes (optional) 200 [PAR] Cancel [PAR] #9^2=9 \\cdot 9=81# [PAR] , so by definition [PAR] Was this helpful? Let the contributor know! [PAR] Yes [PAR] Start with a one sentence answer [PAR] Then teach the underlying concepts [PAR] Don't copy without citing sources [PAR] Write a one sentence answer... [PAR] Answer: [PAR] I want someone to double check my answer [PAR] Cancel [PAR] Is the vector #(i + j + k)# a unit vector? [PAR] Pre [PAR] What is 35% as a fraction in the simplest form? [PAR] Alg [PAR] The length of the Titanic was 882 feet. Porter's history class is building a model of the Titanic. ... [PAR] Pre"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War | Understanding ... Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War | Understanding Uncertainty [PAR] Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War [PAR] Submitted by ims25 on Tue, 07/10/2008 - 5:06pm [PAR] On 28 March 1854 Britain and France declared war on Russia, and for the next two years British, French, Sardinian, and Turkish troops fought against Russians in the Crimean War. The loss of life in the war was colossal; of 1 650 000 soldiers who began the war (of all nations), 900 000 died. The majority of those who perished did not die from wounds; rather they died from diseases brought about by the terrible living conditions which they suffered. In these notes we review the Crimean War, and the role Florence Nightingale had in highlighting the plight of the soldiers. [PAR] Siege of Sevastopol [PAR] Background to the war [PAR] The Ottoman Empire (1293-1922) was a realm centred on Turkey, which, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, spanned thousands of miles into Africa, Asia, and Europe. The empire declined in the nineteenth century, and as it shrank there was conflict over control of the territory. The Holy Land (modern day Israel) was a region in the Ottoman Empire that had a long history of power struggles. In the 1850s France and Russia vied for authority of the Holy Land, each trying to force their will on the Ottomans who occupied the territory. Their disagreement escalated, and as the threat of Russian interference in the whole Ottoman Empire increased, Britain, Austria, and Prussia became involved to try to maintain stability of the empire. Initial peaceful negotiations failed, and the British and French sided with the Turkish Ottomans in war against the Russians. [PAR] Major events of the war [PAR] Most of the conflict in the Crimean War occurred on the Crimean Peninsula, which lies on the southern tip of Ukraine, and projects into the Black Sea. The Crimea was an important military position for the Russians, because their naval fleet could access the Mediterranean Sea from the region. [PAR] Several of the more significant battles in the Crimean War are described below. [PAR] The Battle of the Alma (20 September 1854). [PAR] In the first battle of the Crimean War, British and French forces clashed with Russian forces near the River Alma in the Crimea. The Russians were defeated. [PAR] Siege of Sevastopol (25 September 1854 to 8 September 1855). [PAR] Sevastopol is a city in the south of the Crimea, and it was the home of a major fleet of Russian ships. The British, French, and Turkish troops besieged the city for one year before finally capturing it on the 9 September 1855. [PAR] The Battle of Balaclava (25 October 1854). [PAR] The Battle of Balaclava is now remembered for the calamitous Charge of the Light Brigade which saw British cavalry charge needlessly to their doom under the muddled and misinformed orders of their superiors. Much of the fame of this futile advance is due to a poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson entitled 'The Charge of the Light Brigade', which describes the bravery of the cavalry under incompetent command. [PAR] The Battle of Balaclava involved British, French, Turkish, and Russian armies. It finished inconclusively, although the Russians suffered heavier losses. [PAR] The Battle of Eupatoria (17 February 1855). [PAR] A large Russian force attacked the town of Eupatoria in the Crimea, which was occupied by the Turks. The Russians were repelled. [PAR] The Sea of Azov naval campaign (25 May 1855 to 22 November 1855). [PAR] British and French war ships attacked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How often is \u201cbimonthly\u201d? - Daily Writing Tips How often is \u201cbimonthly\u201d? [PAR] How often is \u201cbimonthly\u201d? [PAR] By Simon Kewin [PAR] If something is \u201cbimonthly\u201d, does it occur twice a month or once every two months? In fact, just to demonstrate how slippery the English language can sometimes be, the correct answer would be \u201ceither\u201d. The Oxford English Dictionary definition is very straightforward : [PAR] appearing or taking place twice a month or every two months.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] It\u2019s fair to say that \u201cevery two months\u201d would be the more common usage of the word, but there\u2019s no guarantee that a reader will assume one meaning or the other. If you want to use the term it may be worth spelling out (at least once) what you mean by it. Or just use different words, such as \u201cevery two months\u201d. In the US, the word \u201csemimonthly\u201d is often used to mean \u201ctwice a month\u201d but this is not a common word in other parts of the world, such as the UK. [PAR] The same problem occurs with words for other periods of time. Bi-weekly, for example, can mean both \u201ctwice a week\u201d and \u201conce every two weeks\u201d. So, strictly speaking it isn\u2019t clear whether a \u201cbi-weekly\u201d publication will appear once or four times over a two week period. [PAR] Similarly a biannual magazine could be published once every six months or once every twenty-four. On the other hand, the word \u201cbiennial\u201d is unambiguous and means \u201conce every two years\u201d or \u201clasting two years\u201d. This word is thus often used to refer to plants that only flower or fruit in their second year of life. [PAR] The ambiguity of language can be a part of its beauty, especially if you are writing fiction or poetry. But if you want to be sure of conveying a precise meaning, there are some words that are best avoided. [PAR] Subscribe to Receive our Articles and Exercises via Email [PAR] You will improve your English in only 5 minutes per day, guaranteed! [PAR] Subscribers get access to our exercise archives, writing courses, writing jobs and much more! [PAR] You'll also get three bonus ebooks completely free! [PAR] 16 Responses to \u201cHow often is \u201cbimonthly\u201d?\u201d [PAR] spike1 [PAR] on April 26, 2010 9:11 am [PAR] For the twice a month and once every two weeks words\u2026 [PAR] Why not just use fortnightly? [PAR] Emma [PAR] on April 26, 2010 9:39 am [PAR] My thoughts exactly, Spike \u2013 though I think it\u2019s a particularly UK English word. [PAR] Cecily [PAR] on April 26, 2010 10:23 am [PAR] As a speaker or writer, it\u2019s easy and sensible to avoid \u201cbimonthly\u201d and use either \u201cfortnightly\u201d or \u201cevery two months\u201d, but that doesn\u2019t solve the problem of guessing what someone else meant when they use it. [PAR] Similarly, although there is a difference between \u201cbiannual\u201d (twice a year) and \u201cbiennial\u201d (every two years), I suspect many are unaware of that distinction, so both are best avoided. [PAR] G [PAR] on April 26, 2010 12:20 pm [PAR] Thank you for this post. I frequently have to ask people what they mean when they use these \u201cbi\u201d terms. [PAR] I wonder, though, where you got the information that \u201cevery two months\u201d would be the more common usage of bimonthly. I worked for a multinational corporation with hundreds of thousands of employees. We were paid bimonthly\u2013which was every 2 weeks. \u201cBimonthly\u201d was frequently used in this corporation, and always meant every 2 weeks to everyone. [PAR] I agree, the terms are very ambiguous. [PAR] Charlie [PAR] on April 26, 2010"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zucchini - definition of zucchini by The Free Dictionary Zucchini - definition of zucchini by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Zucchini - definition of zucchini by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/zucchini [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] zuc\u00b7chi\u00b7ni [PAR] (zo\u035eo-k\u0113\u2032n\u0113) [PAR] n. pl. zucchini or zuc\u00b7chi\u00b7nis [PAR] A variety of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) having an elongated shape and a smooth, thin, dark green rind. [PAR] [Italian, pl. of zucchino, diminutive of zucca, gourd, from Late Latin cucutia; possibly akin to Latin cucurbita, gourd.] [PAR] zucchini [PAR] (tsu\u02d0\u02c8ki\u02d0n\u026a; zu\u02d0-) [PAR] n, pl -ni or -nis [PAR] 1. (Plants) a small variety of vegetable marrow, cooked and eaten as a vegetable. Also called (esp in Britain): courgette [PAR] 2. (Cookery) a small variety of vegetable marrow, cooked and eaten as a vegetable. Also called (esp in Britain): courgette [PAR] [Italian, pl of zucchino, literally: a little gourd, from zucca gourd; see zucchetto] [PAR] zuc\u2022chi\u2022ni[DOC] [TLE] Difference Between Zucchini and Courgette Difference Between Zucchini and Courgette | Difference Between [PAR] Difference Between Zucchini and Courgette [PAR] \u2022 Categorized under Objects , Processed Foods | Difference Between Zucchini and Courgette [PAR] Zucchini Vs Courgette [PAR] The reason why zucchini and courgette are being put into much confusion is because they come from one family of vegetables ; both summer squash veggies belonging to the cucurbit vegetable family (Cucurbita pepo). Their colors vary because some are yellow whereas others are green. [PAR] The etymology of the zucchini vegetable comes from the Italian word zucchino, which literally means a tiny squash or undeveloped marrow. On the contrary, courgette is obviously of French origin. It can also be regarded as the French term counterpart for the word zucchini itself. [PAR] Moreover, Zucchini and courgette are the same plant vegetables but are different terms used depending on the dominant language of a specific country. The first is usually used in territories rich in English, which is Northern American or Australian in nature. The latter is being used for French and British English users, as well as, the English speaking public who resides in New Zealand and South Africa. [PAR] Zucchini and courgette are different from each although they pertain to the same vegetable family that is growing in its various stages of development. In this regard, the market has made a standard definition for both veggies. During its infant growth, these baby plants can already be harvested after reaching a dimension of about 14 by 4 centimeters in length. This size is actually comparable to how small a typical cigar is. At this point, this veggie is best termed as a courgette. In the latter part of this vegetable\u2019s growth, it can already be regarded as a zucchini after growing some more as it grows to about 15-20 centimeters. This veggie is preferably served cooked contrary to its cucumber counterpart. Lastly, there is also another term for this same plant that has almost matured and has reached its maximum size. At this time, it is already more suitable to call it a marrow. Overall, courgettes are smaller and younger whereas zucchinis are older and bigger in size. [PAR] Summary : [PAR] 1.The term Zucchini has an Italian origin while courgette is relatively French. [PAR] 2.Zucchini is used by those people who speak North American and Australian English whereas courgette is used by those who speak French, British, New Zealand and South African English. [PAR] 3.Zucchini and courgette are the same plant veggies but are used to refer to that same plant, which is growing across its different stages of plant development."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a group of lions called? | Reference.com What is a group of lions called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a group of lions called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A group of mostly female lions is called a pride, and a group of male lions is called a coalition. The pride contains female lions and their young offspring, and usually has fewer than 20 members. A coalition of male lions usually includes less than 10 individuals. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] A coalition of male lions often fights with other coalitions to have access to the female pride. The association between a coalition and a pride usually lasts for a few years until time and danger result in a different coalition gaining access. Male lions compete to mate with the female lions, but it is the females who choose their partners."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Beckham says he only has three ... - Daily Mail Online David Beckham says he only has three close friends... but he is more than happy about that | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] He has a life of celebrity and wealth that few of us can dream of. [PAR] But David Beckham has revealed that there is an unfortunate downside to fame for him - he only has three friends. [PAR] The footballer said that over the years his circle of \u201820 good friends\u2019 has gradually decreased to a trio of \u2018really good friends\u2019. [PAR] Beckham no-mates: Footballer David has revealed that he only has three good friends - but he is more than happy with that [PAR] These three along with his wife Victoria and their four children are enough to keep him content, Mr Beckham said in an interview. [PAR] He did not disclose if he chose to limit his number of friends, or if he has been gradually abandoned over the years. [PAR] The 36-year-old also did not specify who the three were, although he is known to be on very good terms with Tom Cruise who lives close to him in Los Angeles. [PAR] Wing man: Although Beckham didn't mention specifically who these three friends were, one of his best friends is football agent Dave Gardner, seen here with him in London last week [PAR] Former Manchester United team mate Gary Neville was his best man at his wedding and he is chummy with Princes William and Harry. [PAR] Speaking to the U.S. edition of Men\u2019s Health magazine, Mr Beckham said: \u2018I\u2019ve got friends at the different teams I\u2019ve played for, but family is the most important thing to me. [PAR] 'That will always be the case. I\u2019ve got my wife. I\u2019ve got my four kids. I\u2019ve got parents, grandparents still, and three really good friends. [PAR] Top boy: David, seen here with Gary Neville in 2006, who was his best man at his wedding to Victoria [PAR] 'It\u2019s all you need. I\u2019d rather have three really good friends than 20 good friends.' [PAR] Should he so desire, Mr Beckham could have far more than his chosen trio of close associates. [PAR] He is adored by millions of fans worldwide who recently drooled over him in his underwear for an advertising campaign for H&M. [PAR] A-list buddies: David is also good friends with Tom Cruise, who he got to know well when he moved to Los Angeles [PAR] He is still respected in the footballing world - he holds the record for the most number of outfield appearances for the England team and has won the Premier League six times. [PAR] Now playing in the U.S. for the Los Angeles Galaxy, he helped them win last year\u2019s tournament. [PAR] By Royal appointment: David is also close to Princes William and Harry [PAR] He and wife Victoria, 37, are said to be worth \u00a3125million. [PAR] Despite limiting his friends, Mr Beckham said in the interview that he still enjoys playing football as much as ever. [PAR] He told Men\u2019s Health: 'Even at 36, I\u2019m still running 12 miles a game. [PAR] \u2018But I\u2019ve definitely become more aware on the field. I know what my limits are, what I can achieve, and which passes I can play. I have adapted to my age.' [PAR] The most important: David, seen here with wife Victoria and their brood in December, said it's all about family for him[DOC] [TLE] Biography And Marriage of Victoria And David Beckham Biography And Marriage of Victoria And David Beckham [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher, Britain\u2019s first female prime minister ... Margaret Thatcher, Britain\u2019s first female prime minister, dies - Apr 08, 2013 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, Britain\u2019s first female prime minister, dies [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, Britain\u2019s first female prime minister, dies [PAR] Author [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, Britain\u2019s first female prime minister, dies [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 2013, Margaret Thatcher, the first\u2013and so far only\u2013female prime minister of the United Kingdom, dies in London at age 87 from a stroke. Serving from 1979 to 1990, Thatcher was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century. She curbed the power of Britain\u2019s labor unions, privatized state-owned industries, led her nation to victory in the Falklands War and as a close ally of U.S. President Ronald Reagan played a pivotal role in ending the Cold War. A polarizing figure, Thatcher, nicknamed the Iron Lady, was credited by her admirers with championing free-market, conservative policies that revitalized the British economy, while critics charged these initiatives hurt the nation\u2019s lower classes. [PAR] Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on October 23, 1925, in Grantham, a town in northeast England. Her family lived in an apartment above the grocery store owned by her father, who also was a local politician. After graduating from Oxford University in 1947, the future prime minister worked as a research chemist. In the early 1950s, she twice ran unsuccessfully for parliament as a Conservative Party candidate. After marrying Denis Thatcher (1915-2003), a well-off businessman, in 1951, she studied law and gave birth to twins in 1953. That same year, she qualified as a barrister. [PAR] In 1959, Thatcher was elected to the House of Commons from the Finchley district in north London. She rose through her party\u2019s ranks, and when the Conservatives came to power under Edward Heath in 1970, she was named secretary for education. In that role, Thatcher was vilified by her Labour Party opponents as \u201cThatcher the Milk Snatcher\u201d after she made cuts to a free-milk program for schoolchildren. In 1975, with Labour back in power, Thatcher, to the surprise of many, defeated Heath to become head of her party, as well as the first woman to serve as opposition leader in the House of Commons. [PAR] In 1979, with Britain\u2019s economy in poor health and labor union strikes rampant, the Conservatives returned to power and Thatcher was elected prime minister. Her government lowered income taxes but increased taxes on good and services, slashed or eliminated government subsidies to businesses and implemented other austerity measures. Unemployment soared and Thatcher\u2019s approval ratings plummeted. Then, after Argentina invaded the British-ruled Falkland Islands in April 1982, she sent troops there and by June the Falklands had been recaptured. The victory helped Thatcher win re-election as prime minister in 1983. [PAR] During her second term, Thatcher\u2019s government defeated a bitter, yearlong miner\u2019s strike and passed legislation restricting the rights of trade unions, while also privatizing a number of state-owned enterprises, selling off public housing and de-regulating the financial industry. In 1984, Thatcher survived unscathed a bomb attack by the Irish Republican Army at a Conservative Party conference in Brighton, England; the blast killed five people and injured more than 30 others. [PAR] In foreign affairs, Thatcher, an opponent of communism, had a close relationship with Ronald Reagan, who served in the White House from 1981 to 1989, and with whom she shared a number of conservative views. Yet she also forged ties with Mikhail Gorbachev, who led the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. Thatcher famously said after meeting him,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bella Swan - Twilight Saga Wiki - Wikia Bella Swan | Twilight Saga Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Bella and Edward are married. [PAR] \"Childhood is not from birth to a certain age and at a certain age.\" [PAR] \"The child is grown, and puts away childish things.\" [PAR] \"Childhood is the kingdom where nobody dies.\" [PAR] \u2015Bella quoting Edna St. Vincent Millay in Breaking Dawn: Part 1. [src] [PAR] In the first chapter of Breaking Dawn, it is revealed that Bella and Edward have told both of her parents about their engagement and both given their blessing, though Charlie is still slightly resistant to the thought of their marriage. Alice is busy making preparations for the wedding, which is only one day away. Meanwhile, Edward has bought her a Mercedes Guardian, which she sees as either a sign of compassion and caring or as over-protectiveness and worry about her safety. This car is for temporary use until she is changed into a vampire, when she will not need the protection, and then he will replace it with a red Ferrari. Meanwhile, Bella feels guilty about Jacob, believing that her rejection caused him to run away. [PAR] The wedding goes smoothly, and Bella meets the Denali coven for the first time. Jacob arrives at the party despite her rejection of him, and Bella is very relieved that Jacob has decided to come after all. However, he gets into an argument with Bella about her wanting to make love with Edward while she is still human. Luckily, only the werewolves and the Cullens hear the argument. [PAR] Edward and Bella leave for their honeymoon to Isle Esme , where they consummate their marriage. Edward is horrified when he sees that he bruised Bella while doing so. He vows not to make love with her again until she has been turned, but Bella succeeds in getting him to do so. Bella later notices that she is getting unusual illnesses and changes of appetite, but does not make anything of it. After seeing a bag of unused tampons, she realizes that she is pregnant with a half-human half-vampire offspring. Edward immediately takes her back to Forks where he and Carlisle can abort the baby, but Bella asks Rosalie to protect her: she has already come to love the child. [PAR] Bella realizes she is pregnant. [PAR] Her baby develops at an extremely fast rate, and she becomes very sick. She becomes unable to adjust food, and is dying slowly. Edward asks Jacob to try to convince her to kill the baby that was killing her, but Bella refuses, because she loves it. Through Jacob's joking, Edward then suggests for Bella to drink donated human blood, and she quickly becomes stronger, but it also makes the baby so strong that it breaks her ribs by accident. Soon after, Edward realizes that he can hear the baby's thoughts now that it has developed enough of its brain, and starts to love the baby when he hears that it \"absolutely adores Bella.\" Jacob remarks that Edward could never hate anyone who loved Bella, which is why Edward did not hate him. Also, after going against Sam's orders to kill Bella and her baby, Jacob forms his own pack with Leah and Seth Clearwater to protect her and the Cullens. [PAR] After having a typical Bella moment, which includes dropping a cup full of blood, the hardened placenta detaches, and Edward, Rosalie, and Jacob are forced to perform an emergency surgery since Carlisle is hunting with Esme. Bella's body is nearly destroyed in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zeus - Greek Mythology Zeus [PAR] Zeus [PAR] See More Zeus Pictures > [PAR] Zeus was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods. He overthrew his father, Cronus , and then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades , in order to decide who would succeed their father on the throne. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods, as well as lord of the sky and rain. His weapon was a thunderbolt which he hurled at those who displeased or defied him, especially liars and oathbreakers. He was married to Hera but often tested her patience, as he was infamous for his many affairs. [PAR] Zeus , the presiding deity of the universe, ruler of the skies and the earth, was regarded by the Greeks as the god of all natural phenomena on the sky; the personification of the laws of nature; the ruler of the state; and finally, the father of gods and men. [PAR] Using his shield, the Aegis , Zeus could create all natural phenomena related to the air and the sky, such as storms, tempests, and intense darkness. At his command, mighty thunders would flash and lightnings would roll, wreaking havoc; or the skies would open to rejuvenate the earth with life-giving water. [PAR] As the personification of the operations of nature, he represented the grand laws of unchanging and harmonious order, by which both the natural and the spiritual world were governed. He was the god of regulated time as marked by the changing seasons and the regular succession of day and night, in contrast to what his father Cronus represented before him; absolute time, i.e. eternity. [PAR] As the ruler of the state, he was the source of kingly power, the upholder of all institutions connected to the state, and the friend and patron of princes, whom he guarded and assisted with his advice and counsel. He was also the protector of the people, and watched over the welfare of the whole community. [PAR] As the father of the gods, Zeus ascertained that each deity perform their individual duty, punished their misdeeds, settled their disputes, and acted towards them on all occasions as their all-knowing counsellor and mighty friend. [PAR] As the father of men, he took a paternal interest in the actions and well-being of mortals . He watched over them with tender solicitude, rewarding truth, charity, and fairness, while severely punishing perjury and cruelty. Even the poorest and most forlorn wanderer could find a powerful advocate in Zeus , for he, as a wise and merciful paternal figure, demanded that the wealthy inhabitants of the earth be attentive to the needs of their less fortunate fellow citizens. [PAR] Zeus Is also called Jupiter, Dias."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Rushmore--Presidents: A Discover Our ... - NPS.gov Mount Rushmore--Presidents: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary [PAR] Amy Bracewell for [PAR] National Park Service [PAR] Every year, the many visitors to Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills of South Dakota draw inspiration from the colossal portraits of four outstanding presidents of the United States: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt. Gutzon Borglum carved his gigantic Shrine of Democracy Sculpture into ancient granite high on the southeast face of Mount Rushmore \u201cin commemoration of the foundation, preservation, and continental expansion of the United States.\u201d The faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt are about 60 feet high, and the grouping extends approximately 185 feet along the crest of Mount Rushmore. Dark ponderosa pines and other evergreens set off the stark white sculpture. Added at the time of the Bicentennial of the Declaration of Independence in 1976, a flag-lined formal Avenue of Flags creates an impressive approach. [PAR] In 1923, South Dakota State Historian Doane Robinson came up with an idea for attracting tourists to the State. Robinson envisioned shaping a cluster of tall thin granite peaks called the Needles into statues of explorers and Indian leaders. The Needles stand where the Black Hills rise from the plains as a gateway to the Rocky Mountains and the West. In 1924, Robinson wrote sculptor Gutzon Borglum about his idea. Borglum telegraphed back his enthusiastic support. [PAR] Avenue of Flags [PAR] at Mount Rushmore National Memorial [PAR] Amy Bracewell for [PAR] National Park Service [PAR] Born to a Danish American family on a homestead in Idaho in 1867, Gutzon Borglum made his name celebrating things American in a big way. In 1908, he created a large, 40 inches-high head of Abraham Lincoln. Representatives of the United Daughters of the Confederacy soon contacted him about creating a portrait head of Robert E. Lee on the side of Stone Mountain in Georgia. Convinced that the scale of the mountain would dwarf a single head, he convinced them to create a huge group portrait of General Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and Jefferson Davis. Borglum completed the head of Lee in 1924, but a dispute with the backers of the project soon led to his dismissal and the eventual removal of his work. His departure from Georgia made it possible for him to concentrate on Mount Rushmore. Borglum scouted out a location far better than the fragile Needles: 5,725-foot Mount Rushmore. Its broad wall of exposed granite was more suitable for sculpture and received direct sunlight for most of the day. [PAR] Borglum himself selected the presidents for the memorial, to reflect the nation\u2019s first 150 years of history and to make the project a national, rather than regional one. Original plans included only George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Borglum picked George Washington the father of the new country because he was a leader in the American Revolution, the first president of the United States, and the man who laid the foundation of American democracy. Abraham Lincoln was selected for preserving the Union during the Civil War and abolishment of slavery. As the project progressed, Borglum added Thomas Jefferson and Theodore Roosevelt. Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, began America\u2019s westward expansion by purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803, which doubled the size of the country, adding all or part of 15 present-day States. Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the United States and extremely popular in the early 20th century, linked the east and the west through the construction of the Panama Canal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand National 2014: All you need to know for the Aintree ... Grand National 2014: All you need to know for the Aintree race - Daily Post [PAR] New Articles [PAR] Grand National 2014: All you need to know for the Aintree race [PAR] The Daily Post give you all the key information into the famous race, taking place this Saturday, April 5 [PAR] Share [PAR] Auroras Encore lives at Sue Smith's stables now. [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] The Crabbie's Grand National will take place at 4.15pm on Saturday, April 5 in Aintree, Liverpool. [PAR] Upto 40 runner and riders are set to take on almost two circuits of the Aintree racecourse. [PAR] A British sporting institution, the Grand National attracts over 154,000 racegoers over the three day event, which includes Grand Opening Day, Ladies\u2019 Day and the main event of the Grand National . [PAR] Over 13 million viewers tuned in to watch the 2013 race while a sell-out crowd of 70,000 watched 66-1 outsider Auroras Encore make it first past the famous finishing post. [PAR] [PAR] Why is the Grand National course so special? [PAR] The obstacles to be overcome are as famous as the race itself: Becher\u2019s Brook, the Canal Turn, Valentine\u2019s and the Chair are fences known around the globe. [PAR] So much more than a race, the elegance and excitement the crowd have come to symbolise the spectacle. Form is studied by some, others choose names on the strength of a familiar phrase. The drama unfolds in a competition fought over four miles, three furlongs and about 110 yards. [PAR] Across the Melling Road they run, nearly 10 minutes of breathtaking action in total, with the winner so often decided in the 465 yards between the last fence and the winning post. The prize money on offer in 2014, when the event is sponsored by Crabbie\u2019s for the first time, will top \u00a31m for the first time. The crowd will roar, rise and celebrate, as they did last year when the race was won by 66-1 outsider Auroras Encore. [PAR] What is the history of the race? [PAR] The history of the Grand National can be traced back to the early 1800s, when the first official races were organised at Aintree, in Liverpool. [PAR] In February 1839, Lottery became the first winner of the Grand Liverpool Steeplechase, the race that would become known as the Grand National . Horses had to jump a stone wall, cross a stretch of ploughed land and finish over two hurdles. [PAR] The current course, which stages races over conventional fences and hurdles, opened in 1839. A difficult period for Aintree in the post-war years led to a sale to a property developer and concerns about the future of the Grand National. Bookmaker Ladbrokes stepped in to manage the Grand National until 1984, when Seagram Distillers became sponsors. [PAR] If this hasn't whet your enthusiasm for Saturday's race, the Daily Post will be printing a special supplement in tomorrow's paper as well running a live blog on the day. [PAR] Meanwhile the video below features sheep creating their own version of the famous race at Hatton Adventure World, near Warwick. [PAR] Video Loading"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Beautiful World - Take That \u2014 Listen and discover music at ... Beautiful World - Take That \u2014 Listen and discover music at Last.fm [PAR] Beautiful World [PAR] 00s [PAR] Beautiful World is the fourth studio album from the British band Take That . The album was released in November 2006, and was the band's first new studio album in 11 years. The album features what Take That describe as \"a throwback to the 90s, but with a modern twist\". Beautiful World is their first album in which every member of the band sings lead vocals on at least one song. The album was very well received in the United Kingdom\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Tracklist[DOC] [TLE] Take That | LetsSingIt Lyrics Take That | LetsSingIt Lyrics [PAR] III [2015 Edition] [PAR] Biography [PAR] Take That are a boy band that originated in Manchester, England in 1990.The original members were Gary Barlow, Mark Owen, Robbie Williams, Jason Orange and Howard Donald. Between the band's first single release (\"Do What U Like/Promises\") in 1991 and their cataclysmic breakup in 1996 when Robbie Williams left the band to pursue a solo career in 1995, the BBC described Take That as \"the most successful British band since the Beatles, beloved of young and old alike.\" [PAR] Take That's dance-pop tunes and soulful ballads dominated the British charts in the first half of the 1990s. They released two of the best selling albums of the decade with \"Everything Changes\" (1993) and \"Take That: Greatest Hits\" (1996). According to the AMG Music Guides, \"at this time [they] were giant superstars in Europe with the main question about them not being about whether they could get a hit single, but how many and which would make it to number one\". [PAR] The band reformed with the exception of Robbie Williams in 2006 and released their first new single in 10 years: \"Patience.\" Following the success of Patience they released the album \"Beautiful World\" which topped sales in 2006 & sold more than the current release by Robbie! [PAR] During 2007 Take That also wrote a song for the motion picture Stardust titled \"Rule the World\" which reached number 2 in the UK charts and went on to be the 5th biggest selling single of 2007. Meanwhile the \"Beautiful World\" album was the fourth biggest selling album of 2007. [PAR] The 2008 Brit Awards provided Take That with a Brit for \"Best Live Act\" for their \"Beautiful World'\"European tour and \"Best British Single of The Year\" For \"Shine\". [PAR] In late 2008, the group released their second album since their reunion entitled \"The Circus\" which made it to the Christmas number one spot in 2008. Plans of a summer UK tour \"The Circus\" are in full swing, the band have said that it is due to be, \"The best tour yet.\" [PAR] In July 2010, it was confirmed that Robbie Williams had rejoined the band, and that they would be releasing new material together in late 2010. The first album to include Robbie Williams was released on the 15/11/2010 with the title \"Progress\". [PAR] This album gained very good to excellent reviews in publications as diverse at 'The Telegraph' and 'Q' (which gave it 8/10). 'Q' said '\"Progress is a triumph; musically, conceptually, [and] personally\" [PAR] Pictures (7) [PAR] show more (16-31 of 50) [PAR] Similar Artists [PAR] show more (16-31 of 60) [PAR] More artists [PAR] show this week's top 1000 most popular artists [PAR] 39 min ago"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Easy Rider (1969) - IMDb Easy Rider (1969) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two counterculture bikers travel from Los Angeles to New Orleans in search of America. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 28 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 12 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Easy Rider \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 8 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A dropout from upper-class America picks up work along the way on oil rigs when his life isn't spent in a squalid succession of bars, motels, and other points of interest. [PAR] Director: Bob Rafelson [PAR] Bonnie Parker, a bored waitress falls in love with an ex-con named Clyde Barrow and together they start a violent crime spree through the country, robbing cars and banks. [PAR] Director: Arthur Penn [PAR] A naive hustler travels from Texas to New York to seek personal fortune but, in the process, finds himself a new friend. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] Two Navy men are ordered to bring a young offender to prison but decide to show him one last good time along the way. [PAR] Director: Hal Ashby [PAR] In 1951, a group of high schoolers come of age in a bleak, isolated, atrophied West Texas town that is slowly dying, both culturally and economically. [PAR] Director: Peter Bogdanovich [PAR] A disillusioned college graduate finds himself torn between his older lover and her daughter. [PAR] Director: Mike Nichols [PAR] A rebellious young man with a troubled past comes to a new town, finding friends and enemies. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Ray [PAR] The discovery of a severed human ear found in a field leads a young man on an investigation related to a beautiful, mysterious nightclub singer and a group of psychopathic criminals who have kidnapped her child. [PAR] Director: David Lynch [PAR] An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] A man upon retirement embarks on a journey to his estranged daughter's wedding only to discover more about himself and life than he ever expected. [PAR] Director: Alexander Payne [PAR] A couple of high school grads spend one final night cruising the strip with their buddies before they go off to college. [PAR] Director: George Lucas [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Two young \"hippie\" bikers, Wyatt and Billy sell some dope in Southern California, stash their money away in their gas-tank and set off for a trip across America, on their own personal odyssey looking for a way to lead their lives. On the journey they encounter bigotry and hatred from small-town communities who despise and fear their non-conformism. However Wyatt and Billy also discover people attempting 'alternative lifestyles' who are resisting this narrow-mindedness, there is always"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the function of a purlin? | Reference.com What is the function of a purlin? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the function of a purlin? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Purlin function as a form of support for rafters and are horizontal structural members in a building, architecture or structural engineering. They are used to increase roof spans without the need for increasing rafter sizes or compromising wall stability. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Purlins are also used to build wider roofs, as they provide mid-span support. In addition, they increase the rigidity of the roof and support the overall weight of the roof deck. Three types of purlin can be used in wood construction for framing: purlin plate, common purlin and principal purlin. In steel construction, purlins are used as roof framing members that support the roof sheeting or decking."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn French Animal Words and Phrases - Fran\u00e7ais to ... Learn French Animal Words and Phrases - Fran\u00e7ais to English Language Learning [PAR] Learn French Animal Words and Phrases [PAR] Continue learning with our other: [PAR] There are many French animal names to remember when you are learning to speak French, so to get you started off with the easiest information, I'll begin with what I like to call the \"free words\" of the French language. These words are written exactly the same in both English and French, so, if you aleady know how to spell them in English, then you are well on your way to remembering them in French. [PAR] All you need to do is remember whether they are masculine (as most of them are) or feminine. [PAR] Anyway, here is the list of some of the \"free\" French animal names: [PAR] l'alligator (m) / alligator [PAR] le toucan / toucan [PAR] Congratulations! You now know eleven French animal names! [PAR] Now then comes the \"almost free\" French animal names. These words are very similar between the French and the English translations, that so long as you can remember a small change or two and their proper gender, you should have no trouble remembering these additional French animals. [PAR] l'antilope (f) / antelope [PAR] le tigre / tiger [PAR] le z\u00e8bra / zebra [PAR] There's another seventeen animal words that should be fairly simple for you to remember. Please see below for our full list of French animal names. [PAR] View this list of French animal words with translations from: French to English or English to French [PAR] (Words in bold added during the last update. Latest additions can also been seen on our LearnFrenchCLT twitter page.) [PAR] French to English Animal Names: [PAR] l'agneau (m) / lamb [PAR] le z\u00e8bra / zebra [PAR] Sentences About Animals: [PAR] Aimeriez vous acheter de moi quelque cheveux voles? - Would you like to buy some stolen horses from me? [PAR] J'aime faire du cheval - I like to go horseback riding [PAR] J'etais un canard. Mais, les canards sont tres tres stupid, ainsi j'ai change - I used to be a duck. But ducks are very very stupid, so I changed. [PAR] Mon petit-ami est le poisson dans l'ocean d'atlantique - My boyfriend is a fish in the atlantic ocean [PAR] Know French (or any other language)? Send in your translations . [PAR] Want to know when this page is updated? Subscribe to French updates . (Choose as many languages as you wish.) [PAR] Looking for a French language exchange partner? Join our French Language Exchange forum . [PAR] Custom Search [PAR] Free Web poll for your Web site - freepolls.com [PAR] French Learning on a Budget [PAR] With the economy where it's at, it can sometimes be hard to afford new learning materies. Luckily, learning doesn't always have to be expensive. These books are perfect for filling up your French learning library on a small budget. Instead of buying just one expensive book or maybe even no books at all, here are a bunch of very cheap French learning books so you can learn the most French without having to spend a fortune. [PAR] These books also make for great gift ideas if you know someone who is trying to learn the French language. [PAR] Requested Random French Translations [PAR] Do you know how to speak French? Perhaps you can send in some translations to help the visitors of this site. Below are a list of words and phrases that people are looking to be translated"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a female deer called? | Reference.com What is a female deer called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a female deer called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Female deer are commonly called does but may also be referred to as hinds or cows. Male deer are commonly called stags but are also known as harts, bucks or bulls, while young deer are known as calfs or fawns. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Deer can be found on every continent except Antarctica and Australia. The deer family includes around 100 different species, including moose, elk and reindeer. [PAR] The deer is the only animal that has antlers, and these are typically only found on males, though the females of some species also have them. Deer can survive in most habitats but prefer edge habitats, such as croplands or woods."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 3000 metre steeplechase - British Athletics Supporters Club 3000 metre steeplechase [PAR] 3000 metre steeplechase [PAR] The steeplechase is an obstacle race in athletics, which derives its name from the steeplechase in horse racing. The length of the race is usually 3000m; junior and some masters events are 2000m, as women's events formerly were. The circuit has four ordinary barriers and one water jump. Over 3000m, each runner must clear a total of 28 ordinary barriers and seven water jumps. This entails seven complete laps after starting with a fraction of a lap run without barriers. [PAR] The water jump is located on the back turn, either inside the inner lane or outside the outer lane. If it is on the outside, then each of the seven laps is longer than the standard 400m, and the starting point is on the home straight. If the water jump is on the inside, each lap is shorter than 400m, the starting point is on the back straight, and the water jump is bypassed at the start. [PAR] According to IAAF rules, barrier height is 914mm (36 in) for men and 762mm (30 in) for women. Unlike those used in hurdling, steeplechase barriers do not fall over if hit; some runners actually step on top of them. Four barriers are spaced around the track on level ground, and a fifth barrier at the top of the second turn (fourth barrier in a complete lap from the finish line) is the water jump, which consists of a barrier followed by a pit of water which is 3.66m (12 ft) long and slopes upward from 700mm (27.6 in) deep at the barrier end to even with the surface of the track. This slope rewards runners with more jumping ability, because a longer jump results in a shallower landing in the water. [PAR] The event originated in the British Isles. Runners raced from one town's steeple to the next. The steeples were used as markers due to their visibility over long distances. Along the way runners inevitably had to jump streams and low stone walls separating estates. The modern athletics event originates from a two-mile cross country steeplechase that formed part of the Oxford University sports (in which many of the modern athletics events were founded) in 1860. It was replaced in 1865 by an event over barriers on a flat field, which became the modern steeplechase. [PAR] It has been an Olympic event since the inception of the modern Olympics, though with varying lengths. It has been run over 3000m since 1920. Since the 1968 Summer Olympics the steeplechase in the Olympics has been dominated by Kenyan athletes, including a clean sweep of the medals at the 2004 Games. [PAR] The steeplechase for women (3,000 metres long, but with lower barriers than for the men) made its first major championship appearance at the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki. In 2008, Women's 3,000 metres steeplechase appeared for the first time on the Olympic tracks in Beijing. [PAR] Men [PAR] 2012 Olympic Champion: Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN) [PAR] Olympic Record: 8:05.51 - Julius Kariuki (KEN \u2013 1988) [PAR] British Gold Medallists: Percy Hodge (1920); Chris Brasher (1956) [PAR] World Record: 7:53.63 \u2013 Saif Saaeed Shaheen (QAT \u2013 2004) [PAR] British Record: 8:07.96 \u2013 Mark Rowland (1988) [PAR] Women [PAR] 2012 Olympic Champion: Yuliya Zaripova (RUS) [PAR] Olympic Record: 8:58.81 \u2013 Gulnara Galkina-Samitova (RUS \u2013 2008) [PAR] World Record: 8:58.81 \u2013 Gulnara Galkina-Samitova (RUS \u2013 2008) [PAR] British Record: 9:24.24 \u2013 Barbara Parker (2012) [PAR] Where are the best seats? + [PAR] For some athletics events you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Malcolm X (1992) - IMDb Malcolm X (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Biographical epic of the controversial and influential Black Nationalist leader, from his early life and career as a small-time gangster, to his ministry as a member of the Nation of Islam. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 18 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 04 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 05 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Malcolm X \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 18 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The story of Rubin \"Hurricane\" Carter, a boxer wrongly imprisoned for murder, and the people who aided in his fight to prove his innocence. [PAR] Director: Norman Jewison [PAR] On the hottest day of the year on a street in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, everyone's hate and bigotry smolders and builds until it explodes into violence. [PAR] Director: Spike Lee [PAR] A basketball player's father must try to convince him to go to a college so he can get a shorter sentence. [PAR] Director: Spike Lee [PAR] Friends and family of a married black architect react in different ways to his affair with an Italian secretary. [PAR] Director: Spike Lee [PAR] Robert Gould Shaw leads the US Civil War's first all-black volunteer company, fighting prejudices of both his own Union army and the Confederates. [PAR] Director: Edward Zwick [PAR] Antwone Fisher, a young navy man, is forced to see a psychiatrist after a violent outburst against a fellow crewman. During the course of treatment a painful past is revealed and a new hope begins. [PAR] Director: Denzel Washington [PAR] Jazz trumpeter Bleek Gilliam makes questionable decisions in his professional and romantic lives. [PAR] Director: Spike Lee [PAR] John Quincy Archibald takes a hospital emergency room hostage when his insurance won't cover his son's heart transplant. [PAR] Director: Nick Cassavetes [PAR] A drama based on the true story of Melvin B. Tolson, a professor at Wiley College Texas. In 1935, he inspired students to form the school's first debate team, which went on to challenge Harvard in the national championship. [PAR] Director: Denzel Washington [PAR] In 1970s America, a detective works to bring down the drug empire of Frank Lucas, a heroin kingpin from Manhattan, who is smuggling the drug into the country from the Far East. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Biograpical epic of Malcolm X, the legendary African American leader. Born Malcolm Little, his father (a Garveyite Baptist minister) was killed by the Ku Klux Klan. Malcolm became a gangster, and while in jail discovered the Nation of Islam writings of Elijah Muhammad. He preaches the teachings when let out of jail, but later on goes on a pilgrimage to the city of Mecca, there he converts to the original Islamic religion and becomes a Sunni Muslim and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spike Bulldog - Tom and Jerry Wiki - Wikia Spike Bulldog | Tom and Jerry Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Tom and Jerry Wiki [PAR] For other uses, see the disambiguation page for Spike . [PAR] Spike Bulldog is a grey, rough bulldog that appears in many of Tom and Jerry cartoons. He has a somewhat minor friendship with Jerry and is a formidable enemy to Tom , though he is occasionally is a rival to both protagonists, as he was in the cartoon Dog Trouble . [PAR] Spike has a grudge against Tom, not just because he's a cat, but because whenever they cross paths, Tom is interrupting quality time with his son, Tyke because he's too busy chasing Jerry to watch where he's going. Obviously, whenever Spike tells Tom not to do a certain thing (ex. dirty Tyke), Jerry overhears this and does his best to get Tom in trouble (in the example, Jerry would get Tyke as dirty as possible). Spike proceeds to beat Tom up thinking he was responsible for it. After Spike beats Tom, he is shown having a good time or resting peacefully with his son tyke and they are joined by Jerry their real saboteur, disturber and culprit who was really the one that Spike should beat up. Spike also appeared in some of the recent cartoons featuring a basset hound called Droopy , another popular MGM cartoon character. [PAR] Spike (and his son, Tyke) is most likely a secondary or even major character, as he has appeared in almost all renditions of Tom and Jerry's cartoons. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Appearance [PAR] Spike has brownish-grey fur with a light brown marking that spans up the front of his torso. In many cartoons, his fur is light grey, while his marking is white. His ears are pointed with pink insides and his tail is slender, small, and pointed as well. His only consistent article of clothing is a red, spiked dog collar. He has a anchored tattoo on his left upper arm as seen in \" Quiet Please! \"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cool math .com - Polygons - Pentagons - properties ... Cool math .com - Polygons - Pentagons - properties, interior angles [PAR] Properties of pentagons, interior angles of pentagons [PAR] Polygons: Properties of Pentagons [PAR] Sum of the Interior Angles of a Pentagon: [PAR] [PAR] To find the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon, divide it up into triangles... There are three triangles... Because the sum of the angles of each triangle is 180 degrees... We get [PAR] So, the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon is 540 degrees. [PAR] Regular Pentagons: [PAR] The properties of regular pentagons: [PAR] All sides are the same length (congruent) and all interior angles are the same size (congruent). [PAR] To find the measure of the interior angles, we know that the sum of all the angles is 540 degrees (from above)... And there are five angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the interior angle of a regular pentagon is 108 degrees. [PAR] The measure of the central angles of a regular pentagon: [PAR] To find the measure of the central angle of a regular pentagon, make a circle in the middle... A circle is 360 degrees around... Divide that by five angles... [PAR] So, the measure of the central angle of a regular pentagon is 72 degrees. [PAR] Popular Topics[DOC] [TLE] Interior Angles of Polygons - mathsisfun.com Interior Angles of Polygons [PAR] Interior Angles of Polygons [PAR] An Interior Angle is an angle inside a shape [PAR] Triangles [PAR] The Interior Angles of a Triangle add up to 180\u00b0 [PAR] Let's try a triangle: [PAR] It works for this triangle [PAR] Now tilt a line by 10\u00b0: [PAR] 80\u00b0 + 70\u00b0 + 30\u00b0 = 180\u00b0 [PAR] One angle went up by 10\u00b0, [PAR] and the other went down by 10\u00b0 [PAR] Quadrilaterals (Squares, etc) [PAR] (A Quadrilateral has 4 straight sides) [PAR] Let's try a square: [PAR] 90\u00b0 + 90\u00b0 + 90\u00b0 + 90\u00b0 = 360\u00b0 [PAR] A Square adds up to 360\u00b0 [PAR] Now tilt a line by 10\u00b0: [PAR] 80\u00b0 + 100\u00b0 + 90\u00b0 + 90\u00b0 = 360\u00b0 [PAR] It still adds up to 360\u00b0 [PAR] The Interior Angles of a Quadrilateral add up to 360\u00b0 [PAR] Because there are 2 triangles in a square ... [PAR] The interior angles in a triangle add up to 180\u00b0 ... [PAR] ... and for the square they add up to 360\u00b0 ... [PAR] ... because the square can be made from two triangles! [PAR] Pentagon [PAR] A pentagon has 5 sides, and can be made from three triangles, so you know what ... [PAR] ... its interior angles add up to 3 \u00d7 180\u00b0 = 540\u00b0 [PAR] And when it is regular (all angles the same), then each angle is 540\u00b0 / 5 = 108\u00b0 [PAR] (Exercise: make sure each triangle here adds up to 180\u00b0, and check that the pentagon's interior angles add up to 540\u00b0) [PAR] The Interior Angles of a Pentagon add up to 540\u00b0 [PAR] The General Rule [PAR] Each time we add a side (triangle to quadrilateral, quadrilateral to pentagon, etc), we add another 180\u00b0 to the total:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Las Islas Canarias - Claranet Las Islas Canarias [PAR] Las Islas Canarias [PAR] Las Islas Canarias, the Canary Islands, are a group of volcanic islands in the subtropics, lying off the coast of Morocco. Politically they belong to Spain, geologically they are part of Macaronesia - a volcanic group of islands that includes the Azores, Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands, all have similar topography and indigenous flora and fauna. [PAR] The big plus of the Canaries, at least from the viewpoint of Northern Europeans, is that they are within a reasonable distance to escape from the rigours of winter. Of the 43 million tourists that visit Spain, a quarter go to the Canaries. [PAR] Due to their location, and an ocean current that helps to moderate the temperatures, the Canaries enjoy a year round summer and spring. [PAR] The Canaries consist of seven main islands - Lanzarote , Fuerteventura , Gran Canaria , Tenerife , La Gomera , La Palma and El Hierro ; plus six small islands - Isla de Alegranza, Isla Monta\u00f1a Clara, Isla Graciosa, Isla de los Lobos, Roque del Este, Roque del Oeste. [PAR] The first of the Canary Islands, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, were formed approximately 20 million years ago by volcanic eruptions. Next, at about 12 million years, came Gran Canaria, followed by Tenerife and La Gomera. Relatively youngsters, at about two to three million years ago, a similar age to man, were La Palma and El Hierro. [PAR] The islands as a group form an autonomous province of Spain. The seat of the Gobierno de Canaries was at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, but due to inter-island rivalry there now exists a complex arrangement. The presidency rotates every four years between Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the sixty member parliament sits in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The islands are subdivided into two provinces; Las Palmas Province consist of Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province consists of Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro. Each province has a military and a civilian governor appointed by Madrid. Each island has its own local government - Cabildo Insular. The islands are further subdivided into municipios, each with their own Ayutamiento (town hall). [PAR] The islands have one university, situated in La Laguna - the original capital of Tenerife. La Universidad de La Laguna is one of the most prestigious universities in Spain. Its Astrophysics department is of world renown, with observatories on Tenerife and La Palma. [PAR] The principle industry, and mainstay of the islands, is tourism. In 1998, tourism injected 1.2 billion pesetas into the islands. Agriculture is also important, especially for those parts outside of the main tourist spots. [PAR] The standard of service in many of the hotels, especially in the major tourist locations, is often poor by international standards. Privately run, family businesses are usually the exception, where the family takes a pride in the hotel. [PAR] The official language is Castilian Spanish, and this is what is taught in the schools. That spoken on the streets is South American Spanish, though to be strictly correct, Latin American Spanish should be termed Canarian Spanish, as many of those who emigrated to Latin America originally came from the Canary Islands, and the Canaries still retain very strong links with South America. The language spoken on the streets also has a high proportion of Guanche words, though it is a mystery as to how the Guanches, a race who pre-date the Spanish conquest, had a word for bus - guagua. [PAR] English is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Online Chess Glossary for Kids and Parents - ChessKid.com The Online Chess Glossary for Kids and Parents - ChessKid.com [PAR] The Online Chess Glossary for Kids and Parents [PAR] IM Daniel Rensch Apr 27, 2010 121318 reads [PAR] Welcome to the ChessKid.com Glossary and Dictionary: [PAR] Below you will find a list of commonly used chess words, phrases and terms -- defined just for kids! It is our pleasure to provide this list of original, \"kid-friendly\" definitions and example sentences of popular \"chess vocabulary\". We promise to keep this list current and available for you to reference as needed. Enjoy! [PAR] [PAR] Absolute Pin [PAR] The phrase \"absolute pin\" is used when a piece is pinned (see \" pin \"), and it would be absolutely illegal to move the pinned piece away from the attack. Example: \"I moved my bishop to attack, and pin my opponent's knight to his king. I knew that my bishop was putting the knight in an absolute pin, because my opponent would never be able to move that pinned knight as long as the king was behind it.\" [PAR] Accept [PAR] To accept in chess is also to agree. A chess player might \"accept\" a draw offer from his/her opponent. In chess, a player often \"accepts\" a pawn sacrifice (see \" sacrifice \") by capturing it (this is also known as a \"gambit\". See \" gambit \"). To accept a piece often implies that you have captured that piece. Example: \"I accepted my opponent's sacrifice by capturing the knight\". [PAR] Activity/ Active Piece [PAR] To have an active piece or \"active pieces\" is to have your pieces in position, or on the squares where they are creating threats. Although a piece does not have to be \"centralized\" in order to be active, most of the time a piece that is in the center of the board is an active piece. [PAR] Adjust [PAR] To fix the placement of a piece. Players should announce \"I adjust\" or the French \"j'adoube\" before they fix a piece's placement. Otherwise they may be obligated to move the piece by the touch-move rule. [PAR] Advantage [PAR] To have the advantage in chess means that your position is better. Sometimes, a player might have a \"slight advantage\" which means his/her position is a little bit better than his/her opponent's position. To find out who has the advantage, a number of factors are usually added up: Material (see \" material \"); Piece Activity (see \" activity \"); King Safety; and Pawn Structure (see \" pawn structure \") would be the most common factors to help a player figure out who has the advantage. [PAR] Algebraic Notation [PAR] Algebraic Notation is the modern (new and used by the best players in the world) way of keeping track of the moves played in your chess games. Most \"tournament style\" chess boards have letters and numbers on the sides (letters ranging from a-h and numbers from 1-8). Algebraic Notation is a system of using those letters and numbers so that every moved played in a chess game has a name. Example: \"To start the game as white, Billy decides to move his knight from g1-f3. He then writes, in Algebraic Notation, 1. Nf3.\" Even though the word 'knight' starts with the letter K, because king also starts with the letter K, we use N for the word \"knight\" in chess.\" [PAR] Analog Clock [PAR] An \"analog clock\" is a chess timer that, like a digital clock, keeps track of your total time remaining in the chess game you are playing. An analog"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cerberus | MythOrTruth.Com - Mythical Creatures, Beasts ... Cerberus | MythOrTruth.Com - Mythical Creatures, Beasts and Facts associated with them. [PAR] Cerberus [PAR] 0 comments [PAR] Cerberus is the dog monster that guards the entrance to Hades, which is the mythical Greek underworld. The creature\u2019s function is to keep the souls of those who have crossed the river Styx from ever leaving the Underworld, and also to prevent living mortals from entering into Hades. [PAR] Styx [PAR] However, portrayal of Cerberus was not limited to myth or religion, but was extended to other mediums as well, including sculptures, paintings, murals and literature. It\u2019s worth mentioning, for example, that Cerberus has been mentioned in the works Plato, Virgil, Homer and Thesiod. [PAR] In ancient ruins, one can even find extensive works of art that feature Cerberus right next to important mythical characters from Greek mythology. A Laconian vase from 560 BC, for example, portrays Cerberus as having three heads with a body surrounded by snakes. Also, in various murals and sculptures, Cerberus is presented as a creature of varying proportions, but always presented in the context of either the underworld or the Heraclean myths. [PAR] Cerberus in Roman and Greek Myth [PAR] Cerberus, or Kerberos as it was originally called, plays a prominent role in Greek and Roman mythology, particularly those relating to the trials of Hercules and the various struggles of the Gods. [PAR] Cerberus [PAR] There are conflicting accounts about the number of heads which can be found on Kerberos. Some sources indicate that Kerberos only had one or two heads, while other sources point to 10 or more. [PAR] According to both Greek and Roman mythology, Cerberus was the offspring of Echidna and Typhon, both of whom were also prominent primordial beings in both Roman and Greek mythology. One of Kerberos\u2019 siblings was Orthrus, a two headed dog which shared much of its ferocity. [PAR] Aside from Kerberos\u2019 role as guardian of the underworld, it was also portrayed as a ravenous monster with an exclusive diet of live meat. In sources where Kerberos is represented as having three heads, Cerberus takes on a special symbolism. Like the sisters of fate, the Moirai, Cerberus\u2019s three heads also have a special significance. Some sources say that the heads represent the creature\u2019s ability to see into eternity, and that three heads represent the past, the present and the future. Other sources claim that the three heads represent birth, youth and old age. [PAR] Echidna and Typhon [PAR] Whatever the case may be, Cerberus is a prominent archetype in the Greco-Roman idea of the underworld. [PAR] It\u2019s worth mentioning, for example, that along with Charon, Hades and other prominent entities, Kerberos, according to some sources, judges some of the souls that pass through into the underworld. This is strangely similar to the role played by the Jackal headed god, Anubis in Egyptian mythology. [PAR] Despite its role however, Kerberos remains a mythological creature, an entity that symbolizes the primal human fear of death. Also, considering how it is a child of other Greek monster deities proves \u2013 to some extent \u2013 that Cerberus may have been inspired by non-Greek origins. [PAR] Cerberus and Heracles [PAR] Although references to Cerberus can be found in dozens of Greek and Roman literary and religious sources, the most prominent source of all is the Twelve Labors of Heracles. In order to redeem himself, Heracles (or Hercules, as he was known in Roman civilization) was given twelve tasks which will acquit him of his sins against the gods. [PAR] One of these tasks was given"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] USA national anthem (with lyrics) - YouTube USA national anthem (with lyrics) - YouTube [PAR] USA national anthem (with lyrics) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 17, 2008 [PAR] ### READ ### IMPORTANT ### READ ### [PAR] Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light [PAR] What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's lasted gleaming? [PAR] Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight, [PAR] O 'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming. [PAR] And the rockets` red glare, the bombs bursting in air, [PAR] Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. [PAR] Oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave [PAR] O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean-Pierre Raffarin | prime minister of France ... Jean-Pierre Raffarin | prime minister of France | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of France [PAR] Jean-Pierre Raffarin, (born Aug. 3, 1948, Poitiers , France), French businessman and politician who served as prime minister of France (2002\u201305). [PAR] French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin (left) and Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin in \u2026 [PAR] Property of the European Commission [PAR] Raffarin\u2019s father was a member of the French National Assembly and a government minister, responsible for agriculture. Raffarin was educated in Poitiers and Paris, with law studies followed by a business school diploma in 1972. He became a product manager for a coffee business but was quickly attracted into centre-right politics by Pres. Val\u00e9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing . He entered local politics in Poitiers in the late 1970s and spent five years (1976\u201381) as a political appointee in the Labour Ministry. After the victory of the Socialist Party in 1981, Raffarin returned to marketing with a group of management consultants, where his speciality was development strategies for towns and local authorities. He remained involved in politics, however, and by 1988 he was president of the regional council for the Poitou-Charentes region. [PAR] From 1989 to 1995 Raffarin represented France in the European Parliament , where he belonged to the Group of the European People\u2019s Party (Christian Democrats). During 1995\u201397 he was the national minister for small business; in that role he sponsored legislation that made it harder for big supermarkets to expand at the expense of small corner shops. He was elected to the French Senate in 1995 but did not complete his term; he was reelected in 1997 and served until 2002. [PAR] Raffarin had placed himself in the middle of the fragmented political world of the French right. He rose through the centre-right Union for French Democracy and later became the deputy leader of the Liberal Democratic Party. After the first round of the 2002 presidential election, he was quick to support incumbent president Jacques Chirac \u2019s new Union for the Presidential Majority (later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement [Union pour un Mouvement Populaire; UMP]). Chirac, following his resounding victory in the presidential runoff, named Raffarin prime minister on May 6, 2002. [PAR] At the time of Raffarin\u2019s appointment, fewer than half the French people knew who he was, but this relative anonymity was one of the main reasons for his selection. After five years of having to share power with the Socialists, Chirac wanted a premier who not only would not eclipse him but also would be as far removed as possible from the traditional arrogant Parisian image of past prime ministers. In short, the president was looking for a modest provincial, and he appeared to find him in Raffarin, a man of rumpled suits and little swagger who had a political base in western France. Indeed, in his first months as prime minister, Raffarin cultivated the image of being open to, and part of, la France d\u2019en bas\u2014the France of ordinary people\u2014and of being guilelessly determined to improve their lot. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] As prime minister, Raffarin at first proved to be a pragmatic number two to Chirac. He cut income tax and restrained growth in the minimum wage but moved very cautiously on partial privatization of state utilities, pension reform, and civil service cuts. Similarly, Raffarin would not let his former Europeanism prevent his government from opposing reforms to European Union (EU) farming and fishing regulations. However, many French people opposed the government\u2019s economic liberalization measures, and, as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shallow Hal (2001) - Rotten Tomatoes - Movie Trailers View All Photos (14) [PAR] Movie Info [PAR] Jack Black continues his march to stardom with this typical Farrelly brothers blend of broad comedy and a heartfelt message. Black is Hal Larsen, a shallow man rapidly approaching middle age whose superficiality can be attributed to his father's deathbed admonition to only date young, beautiful women. Hal and his best friend, Mauricio (Jason Alexander), have taken the advice to heart, but Hal finds all of his physically impressive girlfriends consistently lacking in other qualities that would make them ideal mates. When he bumps into self-help guru Tony Robbins (playing himself), the motivational entrepreneur is intrigued by Hal's predicament and hypnotizes him so that he'll only see the inner beauty of women. Hal is quickly smitten with Rosemary Shanahan (Gwyneth Paltrow), a blonde Peace Corps volunteer who's tenderhearted, funny, and intelligent. She is also gorgeous and meets Hal's basic criteria of outer perfection, but what he doesn't realize is that Robbins' spell is working and he cannot see that Rosemary actually weights 300 pounds. When Mauricio is finally able to snap Hal out of his charmed state, Hal's in love with the inwardly perfect woman and must overcome his obsession with beauty. The script for Shallow Hal (2001) was developed when Peter Farrelly enjoyed the humorous letters written to a mutual friend by Sean Moynihan, a computer software executive who followed the filmmaker's advice to take up screenwriting. ~ Karl Williams, Rovi [PAR] Rating: [PAR] PG-13 (for language and sexual content) [PAR] Genre:[DOC] [TLE] Shallow Hal (2001) - IMDb Shallow Hal (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A shallow man falls in love with a 300 pound woman because of her \"inner beauty\". [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 07 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 14 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 03 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Shallow Hal \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Hopeless dweeb Elliot Richards is granted seven wishes by the Devil to snare Allison, the girl of his dreams, in exchange for his soul. [PAR] Director: Harold Ramis [PAR] A man gets a chance to meet up with his dream girl from high school, even though his date with her back then was a complete disaster. [PAR] Directors: Bobby Farrelly, Peter Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Ben Stiller, Cameron Diaz, Matt Dillon [PAR] A newly wed man who believes he's just gotten hitched to the perfect woman encounters another lady on his honeymoon. [PAR] Directors: Bobby Farrelly, Peter Farrelly [PAR] Stars: Ben Stiller, Michelle Monaghan, Malin Akerman [PAR] A buttoned up newlywed finds his too organized life falling into chaos when he falls in love with an old classmate. [PAR] Director: John Hamburg [PAR] A man becomes increasingly jealous of his friend's newfound success. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Muscles of the Shoulder - Anatomy Pictures and Information Muscles of the Shoulder - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Home > Muscular System > Muscles of the Arm and Hand > Muscles of the Shoulder [PAR] Muscles of the Shoulder [PAR] The muscles of the shoulder bridge the transitions from the torso into the head/neck area and into the upper extremities of the arms and hands. For that reason, and because of the dexterity of the shoulder joint itself, the musculature of the shoulder is complex, ranging from massive prime mover muscles to finer stabilizer and fixator muscles. [PAR] The shoulder (or humeroscapular) joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the scapula. It is a ball-and-socket joint and the most freely movable joint in the body.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] Muscles: Shoulder, Posterior (Back) [PAR] Full Muscles of the Shoulder Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . The shoulder joint is protected superiorly by an arch, which is formed by the coracoid process of the scapula, the acromion process of the scapula and the clavicle. It is an extremely mobile joint, in which stability has been sacrificed for mobility. The bones of the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula) provide increased mobility to the shoulder joint by allowing it to move in all directions. [PAR] Although three ligaments protect and surround the shoulder joint, most of its stability comes from the powerful muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff. The rotator cuff consists of four muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor. Each of these muscles has its origin on the scapula and inserts around the head of the humerus. The tendons of these muscles surround and support the humerus while the contraction of the muscles rotates, adducts, or abducts the humerus. [PAR] Surrounding the rotator cuff muscles are many groups of muscles that work together to produce the various movements of the shoulder. Located superior to the shoulder joint, the deltoid muscle works with the supraspinatus to abduct the arm at the shoulder. On the anterior side of the shoulder, the coracobrachialis, serratus anterior, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor muscles work as a group to flex and adduct the scapula and humerus anteriorly toward the sternum. The latissimus dorsi and teres major on the posterior side extend and adduct the arm towards the vertebrae of the back. Working on the pectoral girdle, the trapezius, rhomboid major, and levator scapulae muscles of the back elevate the scapula to shrug the shoulders and move the scapula posteriorly (as in reaching back behind the body). [PAR] Although the joint is held together by these extensive ligament and muscle attachments, certain types of forces can weaken the shoulder easily. The shoulder joint is vulnerable to dislocations from sudden jerks of the arm, especially in children before strong muscles have developed. Because of the weakness of this joint in children, parents should be careful not to force a child to follow them by yanking on their arm. Dislocation of the shoulder is extremely painful and may require surgical repair or even cause permanent damage. Repetitive or sudden stress can cause tears in the tendons of the rotator cuff and lead to pain and instability of the shoulder joint. [PAR] Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor[DOC] [TLE] Shoulder Muscles Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body Maps Shoulder Muscles Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body Maps [PAR] Written and medically reviewed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scotish - definition of Scotish by The Free Dictionary Scotish - definition of Scotish by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Scotish - definition of Scotish by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Scotish [PAR] Related to Scotish: Scottish , Scottish Fold [PAR] Scot\u00b7land [PAR] (sk\u014ft\u2032l\u0259nd) [PAR] A constituent country of the United Kingdom comprising the northern part of the island of Great Britain as well as the Hebrides, Shetland Islands, and Orkney Islands. Inhabited by Picts in prehistoric times, parts of the region were subsequently settled by Anglo-Saxons, Gaels, and Scandinavians. In the ninth century most of Scotland was unified into one kingdom, but conflicts with England soon erupted, leading to a series of bloody wars. When James VI, son of Mary Queen of Scots, succeeded to the English throne in 1603, the two kingdoms were united. Scotland became a part of the kingdom of Great Britain by a parliamentary act of 1707. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow the largest city. [PAR] Scotland [PAR] (\u02c8sk\u0252tl\u0259nd) [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) a country that is part of the United Kingdom, occupying the north of Great Britain: the English and Scottish thrones were united under one monarch in 1603 and the parliaments in 1707: a separate Scottish parliament was established in 1999. Scotland consists of the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and hilly uplands in the south; has a deeply indented coastline, about 800 offshore islands (mostly in the west), and many lochs. Capital: Edinburgh. Pop: 5 295 403 (2011 est). Area: 78 768 sq km (30 412 sq miles). [PAR] Scot\u2022land [PAR] (\u02c8sk\u0252t l\u0259nd) [PAR] n. [PAR] a division of the United Kingdom in the N part of Great Britain. 5,035,315; 30,412 sq. mi. (78,772 sq. km). Cap.: Edinburgh. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Scotland - one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts [PAR] curling - a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target [PAR] Bannockburn - a battle in which the Scots under Robert the Bruce defeated the English and assured the independence of Scotland [PAR] battle of Brunanburh , Brunanburh - a battle in 937 when Athelstan defeated the Scots [PAR] battle of Langside , Langside - (1568) Catholic forces supporting Mary Queen of Scots were routed by Protestants [PAR] Antonine Wall - a fortification 37 miles long across the narrowest part of southern Scotland (between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde); built in 140 to mark the frontier of the Roman province of Britain [PAR] Caledonian Canal - a canal in northern Scotland that links North Sea with the Atlantic Ocean; runs diagonally between Moray Firth at the northeastern end and Loch Linnhe at the southwestern end; now little used [PAR] dirk - a relatively long dagger with a straight blade [PAR] tawse - a leather strap for punishing children [PAR] Scots , Scots English , Scottish - the dialect of English used in Scotland [PAR] ceilidh - an informal social gathering at which there is Scottish or Irish folk music and singing and folk dancing and story telling [PAR] scunner - a strong dislike; \"they took a scunner against the United States\" [PAR] bap - a small loaf or roll of soft bread [PAR] haggis - made of sheep's or calf's viscera minced with oatmeal and suet and onions and boiled in the animal's stomach [PAR] Episcopal Church , Episcopal Church of Scotland -"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kim Gordon Quotes - BrainyQuote Abraham Lincoln Quotes - BrainyQuote [PAR] Abraham Lincoln Quotes [PAR] Died: April 15 , 1865 [PAR] Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States, was a tall, well-spoken, self-taught lawyer who freed the slaves. He was known as... Read full biography [PAR] Links [PAR] Find on Amazon: Abraham Lincoln [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Underground - History and Facts - English Online London Underground - History and Facts [PAR] The London Underground [PAR] [PAR] The London Underground, or the Tube as it is often called, is the oldest underground train network in the world. Opened in 1863 there are a total of eleven lines, 270 stations and over 400 km of track, making it the third longest subway system in the world. The London Underground carries over a billion passengers a year, or about 3 million every day. The deepest stations are over 60 metres below the surface, however 55% of the tracks run above it. [PAR] In the 1830s London\u2019s authorities had the idea of linking the centre of London with the large train stations which were located farther away. In 1863 the first underground railway, the Metropolitan Line, opened. Wooden carriages were powered by steam locomotives. The system of tracks gradually expanded. By the end of the 19th century most lines used electricity to power the trains. During World War II many tube stations were air-raid shelters where people sought protection during the German bombing of the city. [PAR] Over the course of history, the size of the tunnels changed, so that today, two different types of trains travel across the city. Modern escalators bring passengers to the deep level stations of the tube. The Jubilee Line is the last line to be built. It was opened in 1979 in honour of Queen Elizabeth\u2019s 25th anniversary as monarch. In the 1990s it was extended eastwards to the Docklands. [PAR] [PAR] The London Underground normally operates daily between 5 a.m. and midnight. Some lines stay open throughout the night on special occasions, like New Year\u2019s Eve. London Underground stations can get very crowded during the weekday rush hours. Even though the system is so large, trains usually run on time. Over the decades underground stations have been modernized. In the past years many have been equipped with Wi-Fi access to make journeys as comfortable as possible. The well-known symbol of the London Underground, a red circle with a blue bar, was developed at the beginning of the 20th century and has not changed much since then. [PAR] Aldgate station - Sunil060902 [PAR] Some of London\u2019s Underground stations are buildings which have a special architectural value. Many original stations have been restored and look similar to the way they did over a century ago. [PAR] Although so many people use the underground every day, the safety record of the system is very good. Most deaths occur as suicides. [PAR] The London Underground also faces environmental problems. Because the water level of the Thames is constantly on the rise, thousands of cubic metres of water must be pumped out of some of the underground stations every day.[DOC] [TLE] UrbanRail.Net > Europe > UK > London Underground & DLR UrbanRail.Net > Europe > UK > London Underground & DLR [PAR] History | Lines | Future | Overground | Docklands Light Railway | Tramlink | Books | Links [PAR] System [PAR] Greater London is home to some 7.5 million people. With a total route length of over 400 km, the London Underground is among the largest rapid transit systems in the world. But despite its name, less than 50% of the entire system is underground. The extensive network can be divided into two groups: [PAR] 1) Subsurface lines which include the Circle Line, Hammersmith & City Line, Metropolitan Line and District Line (and previously also the East London Line). The different subsurface lines are interlaced, and the District Line actually represents a small metro"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Goldfinger' at 50 remains the definitive James Bond movie ... 'Goldfinger' at 50 remains the definitive James Bond movie - TODAY.com [PAR] Today.com [PAR] Why 'Goldfinger' at 50 remains the definitive James Bond movie [PAR] 2014-09-17T11:19:00.000Z [PAR] comment () [PAR] \"Goldfinger\" was the third Bond feature but the first Bond blockbuster, an instant smash hit that turned the series into a phenomenon. Fifty years after its Sept. 17, 1964 London premiere, which was overrun by fans fighting to get into the theater, it remains the definitive big-screen incarnation of the world's most famous secret agent. [PAR] Today [PAR] Sean Connery and Shirley Eaton in 1964's \"Goldfinger.\" [PAR] \"Of all the Bonds, \"Goldfinger\" is the best, and can stand as a surrogate for the others,\" wrote Roger Ebert in 1999. \"If it is not a great film, it is a great entertainment, and contains all the elements of the Bond formula that would work again and again.\" [PAR] The first two Bond films \u2014 \"Dr. No\" and \"From Russia With Love\" \u2014 were both unabashedly sexy and brutishly sexist, cartoons of glib machismo with martini wit and international flair. Sean Connery brought his Bondness to life with a mix of charm, arrogance, elegance and rough-and-tumble toughness. [PAR] Today you can see them as time capsules of \"Mad Men\" fantasies of masculinity with comic-book action. \"Goldfinger\" not only ups the ante on every level, it adds a few new elements that made the series. [PAR] The first great larger-than-life Bond villain [PAR] Auric Goldfinger, a megalomaniac billionaire who smothers one victim in gold paint and crushes another in a scrap-metal cube. German actor Gert Fr\u00f6be couldn't speak a word of English, and his entire performance was dubbed by British actor Michael Collins [PAR] The first iconic henchman [PAR] Oddjob, a mute Korean bodyguard with a bowler hat that can decapitate an opponent with the flip of a wrist. While it teeters on the edge of demeaning stereotype, Hawaiian athlete-turned-actor Harold Sakata turned him into one of the most popular Bond bad guys by playing the part completely straight. [PAR] The first Bond woman who holds her own with 007 [PAR] Pussy Galore, a tough private pilot with her own all-female Flying Circus. Sure, Bond seduces her to switch sides, but this is one Bond beauty who jumps right in and battles it out with the boys. [PAR] A self-aware wit [PAR] Bond and the villains drop quips in their banter and Bond seduces his conquests with double entendres. Not to mention the name Pussy Galore, the first of many suggestive names for the Bond women. [PAR] The theme song [PAR] A bold, brassy theme song belted out by Shirley Bassey that set the bar for future theme songs. [PAR] The gadgets [PAR] Bond had style as well as cool toys in \"Goldfinger.\" The handsome Bentley of \"From Russia With Love\" was replaced with the sexy Aston Martin DB5, and Q outfitted that vehicle with the all the gadgets we expect of a Bond vehicle, from the machine guns in the grill to the rotating license plates to an ejector seat. The best gadget isn't in 007's arsenal, however. It's the industrial laser that Goldfinger uses on Bond (in one of the squirmiest traps that Bond ever faced) before applying it to Fort Knox. A standard tool in the spy kit since the 1970s, back in 1964 it was practically science fiction.[DOC] [TLE] Oddjob - James Bond Characters Oddjob - James Bond Characters [PAR] Goldfinger [PAR] The Character in the Movie [PAR] In the 1964 James bond movie Goldfinger, Oddjob was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vanity Fair Movie Review & Film Summary (2004) | Roger Ebert Vanity Fair Movie Review & Film Summary (2004) | Roger Ebert [PAR] I had thought her a mere social climber. I see now she's a mountaineer. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] So says one of her fascinated observers as Becky Sharp transforms herself from the impoverished orphan of an alcoholic painter into an adornment of the middle, if not the upper, reaches of the British aristocracy. \"Vanity Fair\" makes her a little more likeable than she was in the 1848 novel -- but then I always liked Becky anyway, because she so admirably tried to obey her cynical strategies and yet so helplessly allowed herself to be misled by her heart. [PAR] Reese Witherspoon reflects both of those qualities effortlessly in this new film by Mira Nair , and no wonder, for isn't there a little of Elle Woods, her character in \" Legally Blonde ,\" at work here? Becky to be sure never goes through a phase when anyone thinks her stupid, but she does use her sexuality to advantage, plays men at their own game and scores about as well as possible given the uneven 19th century playing field. [PAR] When William Makepeace Thackeray wrote his funny and quietly savage novel, there were few career prospects for an educated young woman who did not fancy prostitution. She could become a governess, a teacher, a servant, a religious or a wife. The only male profession open to her was writing, which she could practice without the permission or license of men; that accounts for such as Jane Austen , the Brontes, George Eliot, Mrs. Gaskell and others who, as Virginia Woolf imagined them, wrote their masterpieces in a corner of the parlor while after-dinner chatter surrounded them. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Becky Sharp could probably have written a great novel, and certainly inspired one; Thackeray sees her dilemma and her behavior without sentiment, in a novel that must have surprised its first readers with its realism. We meet Becky just as she's leaving finishing school, where the French she learned from her Parisian mother won her a berth as a boarder and tutor. She made one good friend there: Amelia Sedley ( Romola Garai ), and now proposes to visit the Sedley family for a few days on her way to her first job, as a governess for the down-at-heels Sir Pitt Crawley ( Bob Hoskins ). [PAR] But working as a governess is not Becky's life goal. She wants to marry well, and since she has neither fortune nor title it would be best if her husband brought both of those attributes into the marriage. Does this make her an evil woman? Not at all; romantic love is a modern and untrustworthy motive for marriage, and in England and India (where both Thackeray and Mira Nair were born), marriage strategies have always involved family connections and financial possibilities. [PAR] Amelia likes Becky (she is the only one at school who did, Thackeray observes) and thinks it would be nice if Becky married her brother Joseph (Tony Maudsley). Amelia's own fiance, Capt. George Osborne ( Jonathan Rhys-Meyers ), discourages this plan, convincing the weak-willed Joseph that Becky is little better than a beggar with vague family irregularities, and would not adorn the Sedley household. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] So Becky goes to Crawley Hall, where she mistakes the unshaven Sir Pitt for a servant. Servants, money and provisions seem in short supply in the Crawley family, but Becky makes one important conquest; Sir Pitt's rich maiden sister Matilde (played with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quomotion | tribute-band.com - tribute band directory for ... Quomotion | tribute-band.com - tribute band directory for tribute bands [PAR] Quomotion [PAR] Sean Gilligan [PAR] Bass [PAR] We are the Definitive staus Quo tribute act. we bring to life the unique feel and songs of Status Quo, with over 40years worth of material. We provide full on entertainment from the word go."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On the Fahrenheit scale, why is 32 freezing and 212 ... The Straight Dope: On the Fahrenheit scale, why is 32 freezing and 212 boiling? What do 0 and 100 mean? [PAR] Search The Straight Dope [PAR] A Straight Dope Classic from Cecil's Storehouse of Human Knowledge [PAR] On the Fahrenheit scale, why is 32 freezing and 212 boiling? What do 0 and 100 mean? [PAR] December 15, 1989 [PAR] Dear Cecil: [PAR] Everybody knows 0 degrees on the Celsius scale is the freezing point of water and 100 degrees is the boiling point. On the Fahrenheit scale, however, freezing is 32 degrees and boiling 212. How on earth were these numbers arrived at? Do 0 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit mean anything? [PAR] \u2014 Leslie, Montreal, Quebec [PAR] Cecil replies: [PAR] Researchers have gone to their graves trying to figure out what old man Fahrenheit was up to, Leslie. Here's the story as well as I can piece it together: [PAR] Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) was a German instrument maker who invented the first practical mercury thermometer. Casting about for a suitable scale for his device, he visited the Danish astronomer Ole Romer, who had devised a system of his own. As it turned out, it was a case of the blind leading the blind. [PAR] Romer had decided that the boiling point of water should be 60 degrees. This at least had the strength of numerological tradition behind it (60 minutes in an hour, right?). But zero was totally arbitrary, the main consideration apparently being that it should be colder than it ever got in Denmark. (Romer didn't like using negative numbers in his weather logbook.) In addition to the boiling point of water, the landmarks on Romer's scale were the freezing point of water, 7-1/2 degrees, and body temperature, 22-1/2 degrees. [PAR] D.G., simple soul that he was, thought this cockeyed system was the soul of elegance. He made one useful change: to get rid of the fractions, he multiplied Romer's degrees by 4, giving him 30 for the freezing point and 90 for body temperature. Then, for reasons nobody has ever been able to fathom, he multiplied all the numbers by 16/15, making 32 freezing and 96 body temperature. Boiling point for the time being he ignored altogether. [PAR] By and by Fahrenheit got ready to present his scale to London's Royal Society, the scientific big leagues of the day. It dawned on him that it was going to look a little strange having the zero on his scale just sort of hanging off the end, so to speak. So he cooked up the explanation that zero was the temperature of a mix of ice, water, and ammonium chloride. [PAR] At some point Fahrenheit figured out that the boiling point of water came in at 212 degrees. Over time this replaced body temp as the upper landmark on his scale. Meanwhile, as more precise measurements were made, body temperature had to be adjusted to 98.6 degrees. [PAR] In short, 100 means nothing at all on the Fahrenheit scale, 96 used to mean something but doesn't anymore, and 0 is colder than it ever gets in Denmark. Brilliant. [PAR] Lest we get too down on Fahrenheit, though, consider Anders Celsius, who devised the centigrade scale (0 to 100). [PAR] Everybody agrees Celsius's scale makes more sense than Fahrenheit's. Trouble is, the original Celsius scale had 100 for freezing, 0 for boiling. In other words, it was upside-down. (The numbers were reversed after Celsius's death.) These thermometer guys, what gets into them? Must be too much mercury"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Venera : Map (The Full Wiki) Venera : Map (The Full Wiki) [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: [PAR] Location of Soviet Venus landers [PAR] Venera 11 lander [PAR] Venera 7 lander [PAR] The Venera series of probes was developed by the USSR between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus . As with some of the USSR's other planetary probes, the later versions were launched in pairs with a second vehicle being launched soon after the first of the pair. [PAR] Ten probes from the Venera series successfully landed on Venus and transmitted data from the surface, including the two, Vega program and Venera-Halley probes. In addition, thirteen Venera probes successfully transmitted data from the atmosphere of Venus. [PAR] Among the other results, probes of the series became the first man-made devices to enter the atmosphere of another planet (Venera 4 on October 18, 1967), to make a soft landing on another planet (Venera 7 on December 15, 1970), to return images from the planetary surface (Venera 9 on June 8, 1975), and to perform high-resolution radar mapping studies of Venus (Venera 15 on June 2, 1983). So, the entire series could be considered as highly successful. Unfortunately the surface conditions on Venus are extreme, which meant that the probes did not survive more than about an hour. [PAR] Venera is the Russian name for Venus. [PAR] The Venera probes [PAR] Venera 3 to 6 [PAR] The Venera 3 to 6 probes were similar. Weighing approximately one ton, and launched by the Molniya -type booster rocket, they included a cruise \"bus\" and a spherical atmospheric entry probe. The probes were optimised for atmospheric measurements, but not equipped with any special landing apparatus. Although it was hoped they would reach the surface still functioning, the first probes failed almost immediately, thereby disabling data transmission to Earth. [PAR] Venera 3 became the first manmade object to impact another planet's surface as it crash-landed on March 1, 1966. However, as the spacecraft's dataprobes had failed upon atmospheric penetration, no data from within the Venusian boundary was retrieved from the mission. [PAR] On 18 October 1967, Venera 4 became the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet. While the Soviet Union [PAR] initially claimed the craft reached the surface intact, re-analysis including atmospheric occultation data from the American Mariner 5 spacecraft that flew by Venus the day after its arrival demonstrated that Venus's surface pressure was 75-100 atmospheres, much higher than Venera 4's 25 atm hull strength, and the claim was retracted. [PAR] Realizing the ships would be crushed before reaching the surface, the Soviets launched Venera 5 and Venera 6 as atmospheric probes. Designed to jettison nearly half their payload prior to entering the planet's atmosphere, these craft recorded 53 and 51 minutes of data, respectively, before their batteries failed. [PAR] Venera 7 [PAR] The Venera 7 probe was the first one designed to survive Venus surface conditions and to make a soft landing . Massively overbuilt to ensure survival, it had few experiments on board, and scientific output from the mission was further limited due to an internal switchboard failure which stuck in the \"transmit temperature\" position. Still, the control scientists succeeded in extrapolating the pressure (90 atm) from the temperature data ( ), which resulted from the first direct surface measurements. The Doppler measurements of the Venera 4 to 7 probes were the first evidence of the existence of high-speed zonal winds (up to ) in the Venus atmosphere ( super rotation ). [PAR] Venera 7's parachute failed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Televised Maximum (147 Break by Steve Davis in ... The First Televised Maximum (147 Break by Steve Davis in 1982) | Snooker Videos | PubSnooker.com [PAR] The First Televised Maximum (147 Break by Steve Davis in 1982) [PAR] The First Televised Maximum (147 Break by Steve Davis in 1982) [PAR] Steve Davis made the first televised 147 break (Maximum) on 11th Jan 1982 in the Lada Classic against John Spencer. The Nugget (also known as the Ginger Magician) went on to dominate the 1980s and become one of the greatest ever snooker players and was still an elite player in 2010, but he never made another 147. In the 80s there were only 8 maximum breaks, in 1999 alone there were 10 147-breaks (the most in any year) with most years seeing 2-10 maximums these days. As of the end of 2010, Ronnie O'Sullivan has the most maximums with 10 to his name. [PAR] The Fastest Ever 147 by Ronnie \"The Rocket\" O'Sullivan [PAR] Watch Ronnie \"The Rocket\" O'Sullivan hit the fastest ever maximum break (147) in only 5mins 20secs! That's a perfect break, 15 reds with 15 backs followed by the yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black in the time it takes Ebdon to pick up his cue! This... [PAR] [PAR] Jimmy White showing off his cue power with extreme screw as he wins his 1984 Masters semi-final match - back when snooker was watched by tens of millions in the UK. [PAR] [PAR] The 1985 World Snooker Championship Final Reviewed [PAR] The 1985 World Snooker Championship Final between Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor is the most thrilling and the most epic of epic matches ever. Hear Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor talk you through the closing moments of the greatest snooker final in history.... [PAR] [PAR] The 1985 World Snooker Championship Final Frame (Part 1) [PAR] Watch the final frame of the 1985 World Snooker Championship final between Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor. Watch and feel the tension and atmosphere grow to levels never seen before in a snooker match as the epic final goes to the wire, the final black in t... [PAR] [PAR] Watch the final frame of the 1985 World Snooker Championship final between Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor. This is it, the final few balls causing more problems then ever before in a final, and Dennis Taylor's unforgettable celebrations. [PAR] [PAR] The First Televised Maximum (147 Break by Steve Davis in 1982) [PAR] Steve Davis made the first televised 147 break (Maximum) on 11th Jan 1982 in the Lada Classic against John Spencer. The Nugget (also known as the Ginger Magician) went on to dominate the 1980s and become one of the greatest ever snooker players and was sti... [PAR] [PAR] The First World Championships Maximum (147 Break by Cliff Thorburn in 1983) [PAR] Cliff Thorburn made the first World Snooker Championships 147 break (Maximum) on 23rd April 1983 against Terry Griffiths. The Canadian's maximum took over 30 minutes to complete, maybe the slowest in history, and was famous for the fluked red that started... [PAR] [PAR] Maximum Break (147 Break by Jimmy White in 1992) [PAR] Jimmy White made this 147 maximum in the World Snooker Championships on 22nd April 1992 against Tony Drago. This was The Whirlwind's only maximum in his long and unfortunate career. Jimmy, known as the people's champion, had bad fortune in the World Champi... [PAR] [PAR] Maximum Break (147 Break by Stephen Hendry in 1997) [PAR] Stephen Hendry made this 147 maximum break in the Charity Challenge on 5th January 1997 against Ronnie"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Don King and the 5 Best Promoters in the History of Boxing ... Don King and the 5 Best Promoters in the History of Boxing | Bleacher Report [PAR] Don King and the 5 Best Promoters in the History of Boxing [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow [PAR] Al Bello/Getty Images [PAR] Comments [PAR] Boxing is not a sport that promotes itself. [PAR] Without a surefire promoter, the person who lies behind (and in front) of the scenes, many of the greatest fights of all time would never have happened. Sure, many promoters get a bad rap for many purported shady dealings, as well as having their own interests in mind instead of the fighters. [PAR] Still, the sport would not be the same without such colorful personalities telling us how great a fight is supposed to be. [PAR] Besides, well, you know who, let\u2019s rate the five best boxing promoters of all time. [PAR] 5. Frank Warren [PAR] Warren is arguably the most successful British promoter of all time. [PAR] His most notable achievements include coordinating the rise of two of the best fighters to come out of the U. K.\u2014Joe Calzaghe and Ricky Hatton. [PAR] Ricky Hatton retired in July of 2011, his only two losses coming from Floyd Mayweather Jr and Manny Pacquiao. Regardless, Warren made Hatton a superstar in his home country. [PAR] Although he had disputes with Calzaghe late in his career, Warren still promoted the majority of Calzaghe\u2019s undefeated streak, which eventually set the fighter up for showdowns between boxing greats Bernard Hopkins and Roy Jones, Jr. Calzaghe would go on to defeat both men. [PAR] He has also promoted the careers of notable British fighters Amir Khan, Nigel Benn and Naseem Hamed. [PAR] 4. Oscar De La Hoya [PAR] Alex Livesey/Getty Images [PAR] In 2001, while still being a full time boxer, De La Hoya started his own firm called Golden Boy Promotions. Since then, Golden Boy can honestly boast itself as being one of boxing's few promotional organizations with minimal controversy in its dealings. [PAR] What\u2019s different about Golden Boy and other organizations is that it is (mostly) run by fighters, men who have actually laced up a pair of gloves and fought other men. Other boxers who helped start Golden Boy include current world champions Bernard Hopkins and Juan Manuel Marquez. [PAR] The most lucrative fight in boxing history was the 2007 bout between Floyd Mayweather, Jr, and Oscar De La Hoya . Needless to say, Golden Boy was at the helm for that one. [PAR] Unlike outspoken promoters Bob Arum and Lou DiBella, De La Hoya\u2019s company has actually maintained a peaceable stance with the sport of MMA. It even entertained a small partnership with the short-lived Affliction organization (Affliction went south in 2009). [PAR] Time will tell if Golden Boy Promotions will continue being a fighter\u2019s haven or not. [PAR] Next \u00bb [PAR] 3. Tex Rickard [PAR] If you don\u2019t know who this man is, then you\u2019re not alone. Well before the days of Don King and Bob Arum, Tex Rickard was the biggest promoter of the early 20th century. [PAR] In 1910, Rickard promoted the biggest match-up of the time when he was able to coax Jim Jeffries out of retirement to face Jack Johnson for the heavyweight championship. [PAR] It was deemed \u201cThe Fight of the Century.\u201d Jim Jeffries, undefeated in his career, wanted to claim the title back for \u201c the white race, \u201d but was soundly defeated by TKO in the 15th round by the African-American Johnson. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Road to Wigan Pier - George Orwell, Richard Hoggart ... The Road to Wigan Pier - George Orwell - Google Books [PAR] The Road to Wigan Pier [PAR] 1 Review https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Road_to_Wigan_Pier.html?id=qWzgkPqDxZIC [PAR] A searing account of George Orwell's observations of working-class life in the bleak industrial heartlands of Yorkshire and Lancashire in the 1930s, The Road to Wigan Pier is a brilliant and bitter polemic that has lost none of its political impact over time. His graphically unforgettable descriptions of social injustice, cramped slum housing, dangerous mining conditions, squalor, hunger and growing unemployment are written with unblinking honesty, fury and great humanity. It crystallized the ideas that would be found in Orwell's later works and novels, and remains a powerful portrait of poverty, injustice and class divisions in Britain.[DOC] [TLE] The Road to Wigan Pier - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com The Road to Wigan Pier - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] The Road to Wigan Pier [PAR] The Road to Wigan Pier is a book by the British writer George Orwell, first published in 1937. The first half of this work documents his sociological investigations of the bleak living conditions among the working class in Lancashire and Yorkshire in the industrial north of England before World War II. The second half is a long essay on his middle-class upbringing, and the development of his political conscience, questioning British attitudes towards socialism. Orwell states plainly that he himself is in favour of socialism; but feels it nece ... (\u5c55\u5f00) ssary to point out reasons why many people who would benefit from socialism, and should logically support it, are in practice likely to be strong opponents. According to Orwell biographer Bernard Crick, publisher Victor Gollancz first tried to persuade Orwell's agent to allow the Left Book Club edition to consist solely of the descriptive first half of the book. When this was refused Gollancz wrote an introduction to the book. \"Victor could not bear to reject it, even though his suggestion that the \"repugnant\" second half should be omitted from the Club edition was turned down. On this occasion Victor, albeit nervously, did overrule Communist Party objections in favour of his publishing instinct. His compromise was to publish the book with [an introduction] full of good criticism, unfair criticism, and half-truths.\" The book grapples, \"with the social and historical reality of Depression suffering in the north of England, \u2013 Orwell does not wish merely to enumerate evils and injustices, but to break through what he regards as middle class oblivion, \u2013 Orwell's corrective to such falsity comes first by immersion of his own body \u2013 a supreme measure of truth for Orwell \u2013 directly into the experience of misery.\" [PAR] The Road to Wigan Pier is a book by the British writer George Orwell, first published in 1937. [PAR] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_Wigan_Pier [PAR] The Road to Wigan Pier sets out a hellish vision of a broken Britain, before delivering a long meditation on creating a fairer society. Its author favours a socialist ... [PAR] https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/feb/20/... [PAR] The Road to Wigan Pier by George Orwell Styled byLimpidSoft. Contents PART ONE1 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 [PAR] www.limpidsoft.com/a5/wiganpier.pdf [PAR] 264 pages \u00b7 [PAR] 1972 [PAR] In the 1930s Orwell was sent by a socialist book club to investigate the appalling mass unemployment in the industrial north of England. He went beyond his assignment to \u2026 [PAR] book.douban.com/subject/1457246 [PAR] ... and The Road to Wigan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DreamFactory Software Appoints Bill Coleman and Greg ... DreamFactory Software Appoints Bill Coleman and Greg Papadopoulos To Board of Directors [PAR] Browse Press Releases [PAR] DreamFactory Software Appoints Bill Coleman and Greg Papadopoulos To Board of Directors [PAR] Silicon Valley pioneers bring vision and expertise to guide product roadmap and help drive adoption of DreamFactory's open source mobile enterprise application platform. [PAR] The new board members will help guide the company through the rapidly expanding market for mobile development tools that run on any server or cloud-computing infrastructure. (PRNewsFoto/DreamFactory Software Inc.) [PAR] \u00d7 [PAR] The new board members will help guide the company through the rapidly expanding market for mobile development tools that run on any server or cloud-computing infrastructure. (PRNewsFoto/DreamFactory Software Inc.) [PAR] CAMPBELL, Calif., June 10, 2014 /PRNewswire-iReach/ -- DreamFactory Software has named William (Bill) Coleman III and Greg Papadopoulos to the company's board of directors. The new board members will help guide the company through the rapidly expanding market for mobile development tools that run on any server or cloud-computing infrastructure. [PAR] (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20140610/116403 ) [PAR] DreamFactory publishes an open source REST API platform for mobile enterprise application development and operation. More than 20,000 individual developers and enterprise customers have downloaded the DreamFactory Services Platform since late last year. [PAR] Among other accomplishments, Bill Coleman was co-founder and served as chairman and CEO of BEA Systems, founded cloud computing pioneer Cassatt Inc., and worked as a senior executive at Sun Microsystems during its early years. Mr. Coleman's experience with enterprise middleware, application development, and sales methodology will be extremely relevant as the company ramps up efforts to drive adoption of the DreamFactory Services Platform. [PAR] Greg Papadopoulos, PhD, is a venture partner at New Enterprise Associates (NEA), where he focuses on systems, software and semiconductor companies. Prior to NEA, he was EVP and CTO of Sun Microsystems, where he guided the company's $2 billion R&D portfolio. Mr. Papadopoulos has been actively involved with the technical direction and architecture of the DreamFactory Services Platform since the earliest stages of its design and development. [PAR] \"Enterprise software is in the midst a big shift from isolated websites and desktop browsers to distributed HTML5 and JSON services powering mobile applications,\" said Bill Coleman. \"The DreamFactory platform is a transformative enterprise middleware solution for mobilizing legacy data and developing modern applications on the phone, tablet, or desktop.\" [PAR] \"DreamFactory has been using web services and building service platforms for the past decade, so I'm really excited to see them sharing their application development model and accumulated experience with other developers in the open source community,\" said Greg Papadopoulos. \"Providing a comprehensive REST API for legacy SQL is a particularly valuable contribution.\" [PAR] \"We are thrilled to have Bill and Greg on our board. They have the experience and vision to guide us on our product roadmap and help drive adoption of DreamFactory with CIOs,\" said DreamFactory President Bill Appleton. [PAR] Today's announcement follows the release of DreamFactory 1.5 , a major update of the company's open source REST API platform. DreamFactory 1.5 adds server-side scripting to enhance customization of the service platform, and server-side events to provide notifications to the client device. Also added to this version are server-side filters and lookup keys that enable developers to securely connect mobile users with existing enterprise databases and control record-level data visibility. [PAR] DreamFactory brings agile development techniques to enterprise mobility [PAR] The DreamFactory open source REST API platform can be installed on any server in the cloud or on premises and makes available a wide range of services including SQL"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Chrissie | lake, South Africa | Britannica.com Lake Chrissie | lake, South Africa | Britannica.com [PAR] Lake Chrissie [PAR] East African lakes [PAR] Lake Chrissie, Afrikaans Chrissiesmeer, shallow freshwater lake , Mpumalanga province, South Africa . It measures about 6 miles (9 km) long and 2 miles (3 km) wide and has a circumference of 14 miles (25 km). Its surface area and depth (maximum 20 feet [6 metres]) vary seasonally. [PAR] The lake lies in the farming region known as New Scotland, which was settled about 1866 by Alexander McCorkindale. He named the lake for Christina, daughter of Marthinus Wessel Pretorius , then president of the South African Republic . The area had previously been known by the Swazis as Kachibibi (Big Lake) and by the Boers as Matotoland. [PAR] Lake Chrissie is noted for its birdlife and herds of blesbok at the water\u2019s edge. The town of Chrissiesmeer lies on the northern shore of the lake. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Mpumalanga [PAR] province, northeastern South Africa. It is bounded by Limpopo province to the north, Mozambique and Swaziland to the east, the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Free State to the south, and Gauteng province to the west. Mpumalanga province (called Eastern Transvaal province in 1994\u201395) was part... [PAR] Marthinus Wessel Pretorius [PAR] Sept. 17, 1819 near Graaff-Reinet, Cape Colony [now in South Africa] May 19, 1901 Potchefstroom, South African Republic [now in South Africa] Boer statesman, soldier, and founder of the town of Pretoria (1855). He was the first president of the South African Republic and also served as president of... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: June 22, 2016 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Chrissie [PAR] Access Date: December 29, 2016 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Lake Chrissie Lodge - African Advice Lake Chrissie Lodge, Hotel Accommodation & Conference Centre, Mpumalanga, ...017 847 0 [PAR] Hotel Accommodation & Conference Centre [PAR] Address: Parkwood St, Chrissiesmeer, 2332, South Africa [PAR] City of Mpumalanga [PAR] ,Post Office box: 56, Chrissiesmeer, 2332 [PAR] Phone: 017 847 0025 [PAR] Categories: Hotel Accommodation & Conference Centre, [PAR] [PAR] Address: Grootfonteinberg"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1994: Formula One's 'blackest day' BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1994: Formula One's 'blackest day' [PAR] 1994: Formula One's 'blackest day' [PAR] The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix at Imola, Italy, was a race marred by tragedy. [PAR] On 30 April, 31-year-old Austrian novice driver Roland Ratzenberger was killed in a high-speed crash during a qualifying session. [PAR] The following day Brazilian Ayrton Senna died during the race itself when his car spun off the track at the Tamburello curve. [PAR] The Williams-Renault star - considered one of the finest Formula One drivers of his generation - was mourned by racing fans around the world. [PAR] Your memories [PAR] I saw that all on Brazilian TV. [PAR] My brother was with me. At the time, I was 23 and my brother 13. [PAR] Senna was a hero for our people. I couldn't explain what he represents for us.That day will be in our mind for the rest of our existence. [PAR] He was and will always be simply the best. Rest in God's arms tenderly. [PAR] Francisco Azevedo, Brazil [PAR] I and my son were watching that fateful day when Ayrton went into the Tamberrello and crashed into a wall. As the car came back into view my son said the wheel has hit him and the car came to rest. I saw his head move once more and knew we had lost him. [PAR] I and my son went and drove to Brands Hatch where we met other fans all united in grief over the loss of the greatest driver of our time. [PAR] Missed but not forgotten - Ayrton Senna da Silva. [PAR] Barry Amis, England [PAR] I was watching that race that day and saw the horrifying crash that ended Senna's race - and ultimately his life. [PAR] He was a great driver and is sorely missed. [PAR] Scott Lawson, UK [PAR] I have followed formula one since 1971. [PAR] I have seen many great drivers throughout the years but no one can be compared with Aryton Senna. [PAR] He is to me the greatest driver in my time. Senna made great records during his career - most of them today beaten by Schumacher. But I have not seen any race or driver since Senna that captured and fascinating. [PAR] Fantastic races and great entertainment. [PAR] Peter Johansson, Sweden [PAR] I was watching the race that fateful day he left the track but couldn't envisage the fact that later on that day he'd no longer be with us. [PAR] Disbelief in the numbness I was feeling, sadness in that I'd never see him drive again. [PAR] The biggest compliment I can pay to Ayrton Senna is that along with Elvis Presley and John Lennon I can remember what happened like it was yesterday. [PAR] Gary Jame, UK [PAR] While I was never a huge fan of Senna the man, I thought he was a great driver, and if I could cite a specific example, it would be his win at Donnington 1993, in the wet, in an inferior car. [PAR] F1 and the world were robbed that day of incredible battles to come between an up-and-coming Michael Schumacher and a grizzled veteran by the name of Ayrton Senna. [PAR] I think I know who would have come out on top, at least until his retirement. [PAR] Scott Lang, US [PAR] I remember it vividly; as soon as his car hit the wall, I said \"He's dead\", you just knew. Murray Walker's reaction was exactly the same,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polydactyly - definition of polydactyly by The Free Dictionary Polydactyly - definition of polydactyly by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Polydactyly - definition of polydactyly by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/polydactyly [PAR] adj. also pol\u00b7y\u00b7dac\u00b7ty\u00b7lous (-t\u0259-l\u0259s) [PAR] Having more than the normal number of digits. [PAR] n. [PAR] A person or animal having more than the normal number of digits. [PAR] pol\u2032y\u00b7dac\u2032tyl\u00b7ism, pol\u2032y\u00b7dac\u2032ty\u00b7ly n. [PAR] polydactyly [PAR] (Biology) the state of having more digits than is typical [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] polydactyly - birth defect characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes [PAR] pol\u00b7y\u00b7dac\u00b7ty\u00b7ly [PAR] [MIM*603596] [PAR] n. polidactilia, condici\u00f3n anormal de poseer m\u00e1s de cinco dedos en la mano o el pie. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] trisomy 13 [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Holoprosencephaly was an expected finding in the fetus diagnosed with Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), although the other associated anomalies (such as polydactyly, flexion of the fingers, heart defects, facial clefting and neural tube defects [10]) were not identified. [PAR] 12-finger VJ just our type [PAR] 5 Weight, kg 16 [+ or -] 6 18 [+ or -] 7 Gender, male/female 14/12 16/13 ASA physical status, 1/2 24/2 27/2 Duration of anaesthesia, min 51 [+ or -] 18 45 [+ or -] 16 Duration of surgery, min 29 [+ or -] 13 26 [+ or -] 11 Type of surgery Inguinal hernia repair 10 12 Orchiopexy 6 7 Excision of skin tumour 3 3 Reconstruction of 5 6 polydactyly Central venous catheter 2 1 insertion Time from end of 33 [+ or -] 14 32 [+ or -] 12 dexmedetomidine/saline infusion to LMA removal, min Group [D.[DOC] [TLE] Is having 5 fingers a dominant trait? - Understanding Genetics Understanding Genetics [PAR] Is having 5 fingers a dominant trait? [PAR] -A curious adult from Ohio [PAR] October 31, 2012 [PAR] Most people have five fingers on each hand and five toes on each foot. In fact most animals around today only have five digits (fingers or toes) on their limbs. [PAR] But sometimes something goes wrong and an animal ends up with extra or missing digits. And surprisingly, having five fingers in these cases is usually a recessive trait. [PAR] When people or animals are born with extra fingers this typically dominant trait is called polydactyly. The same is true for the much more rare ectrodactyly, when people are born missing digits. [PAR] The exception is when extra or fewer fingers and toes are one part or a larger syndrome. Then polydactyly and ectrodactyly are recessive traits. [PAR] At first it may seem weird that a dominant trait is rare or a recessive trait is common but this actually happens all the time. For example dwarfism is a dominant trait but uncommon in the population. And lactose intolerance is a recessive trait but common. (Click here to learn more about why dominant traits can be rare and recessive traits common.) [PAR] So maybe it isn\u2019t too weird that a common trait can be recessive. But what makes polydactyly or ectrodactyly a dominant or recessive trait? Let\u2019s do a quick review of what we mean when we say dominant or recessive. [PAR] 31 Gene Flavors [PAR] Every person has two copies of almost every gene in their body. They get one copy from mom and one copy from dad. [PAR] As humans, we"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] See No Evil, Hear No Evil (1989) - Rotten Tomatoes View All Photos (6) [PAR] Movie Info [PAR] The third pairing of comic actors Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder was much less successful than their previous team-ups, Silver Streak(1976) and Stir Crazy (1980). Wilder plays Dave, the deaf proprietor of a newsstand and employer of blind gambler Wally (Pryor). When Wally's bookie is shot and killed at the stand, Dave and Wally are arrested for the crime. Since the deaf Dave had his back turned and didn't see the crime, while the blind Wally only heard it, the clues they have to offer the police are slim -- Dave's glimpse of a shapely leg and Wally's whiff of a perfume called Shalimar. It turns out the dead man was in possession of a coin that he dropped into Dave's tip box, which Wally is now carrying. The coin contains a valuable microchip sought by crime baron Sutherland (Anthony Zerbe), for whom hired killer Eve (Joan Severance) and her British partner, Kirgo (Kevin Spacey), are working. Posing as lawyers, Eve and Kirgo spring Dave and Wally from jail, leading to a series of misadventures as the coin changes hands and the two sensory-challenged pals attempt to learn who has framed them and why. [PAR] Rating:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dorian Gray's true picture of Oscar Wilde | Books | The ... Dorian Gray's true picture of Oscar Wilde | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Books blog [PAR] Dorian Gray's true picture of Oscar Wilde [PAR] It is unique in the author's work for its direct sincerity, offering a uniquely authentic portrait of Wilde himself [PAR] Portrait of the artist ... Colin Firth (left) and Ben Barnes in the 2009 film Dorian Gray [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Though a product of the Victorian age, Oscar Wilde and his works always seemed thoroughly modern. I don't only mean that readers today easily relate to Wildean concepts; the universal will always be universal, and Shakespeare is as relevant as ever. [PAR] Rather, Oscar's sensibilities are so perfectly fitted to our time: sarcastic, idealistic, playful, gloomy, melodramatic, conflicted. He was a self-created superstar, with a weirdly modern awareness of all that entailed: manipulation of image, distancing humour and irony, persona as artistic statement. [PAR] And all those knowingly self-contradictory epigrams, simultaneously flippant and deathly serious, almost like Zen koans: coming at eternal truth by a sort of profound, solemn mischievousness. [PAR] I've always adored Oscar Wilde: the effervescent dramas and witty essays, and the construct that was Oscar, glamorous, riotous, effortlessly brilliant. But in an odd, paradoxical \u2013 you might almost say Wildean \u2013 way, my favourite of his works is The Picture of Dorian Gray, subject of Dublin's One City, One Book initiative for the last month. [PAR] Readings, exhibitions, walks and various other events have been marking the only novel Wilde published. And with a nice touch of synchronicity, I'd only recently reread the story, in a beautiful hardback collection of all Oscar's work , complete with Aubrey Beardsley's wonderfully stark illustrations, old playbills and so on. [PAR] Its story of Dorian Gray \u2013 a young man beautiful of face and spirit, seduced into dissolution and degradation by the impish hedonist Lord Henry \"Harry\" Wotton \u2013 is an unflinching meditation on moral corruption, the nature of the soul, heaven and hell. [PAR] In the opening scene we are introduced to the titular picture, painted by the deeply moral Basil Hallward. There's an air of foreboding from the beginning, as Basil declares he will never exhibit it, saying: \"There is too much of myself in the thing \u2026 I am afraid that I have shown with it the secret of my own soul.\" [PAR] With Harry's Mephistophelean whispers in his ears, Dorian eventually eschews moral sobriety to wallow in indulgences of the flesh. Under the censorious strictures of the period none of this is spelled out explicitly, which makes it more powerful: the reader's mind imagines the worst of all scenarios. [PAR] Dorian's narcissism had already guaranteed his fall: he ushers up an unholy prayer that the portrait should age and bear the scars of his moral turpitude, while his physical self would forever look young and innocent. After he cruelly provokes the suicide of the sweet-natured Sybil, Dorian is fully lost but shows none of it on his angelic face; the picture, meanwhile, ages and degrades and grows rotten in the attic. [PAR] For me, Dorian Gray is special \u2013 not necessarily Wilde's best work but unique in his canon \u2013 because it's so sincere: ineffably, inescapably, absolutely. It's a very good novel anyway: moving, exciting, full of dread, angst, horror, lucidity\u2026 and a great love, I think, for mankind and for the artist's own self. [PAR] But above and underneath and beyond all this, he is sincere when he writes it. Not the normal Wildean"
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    {
        "context": ""
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus - Roman Empire Caligula [PAR] 'Caligula' [PAR] Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus [PAR] (AD 12 - AD 41) [PAR] Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus was the third son of Germanicus (nephew of Tiberius) and Agrippina the elder and was born at Antium in AD 12. [PAR] It was during his stay with his parents on the German frontier, when he was between two and four, that his miniature versions of military sandals (caligae), caused the soldiers to call him Caligula, 'little sandal'. It was a nickname which remained with him for the rest of his life. [PAR] When he was in his late teens his mother and elder brothers were arrested and died horribly due to the plotting of the praetorian prefect Sejanus. No doubt the horrendous demise of his closest relatives must have had a profound effect on the young Caligula. [PAR] Attempting to rid himself of Gaius, Sejanus, under the belief that he may be a potential successor, went too far and was alas arrested and put to death by orders of emperor Tiberius in AD 31. [PAR] In the same year Caligula was invested as a priest. [PAR] From AD 32 onwards he lived on the island of Capreae (Capri) in the emperor's lush residence and was appointed joint heir with Tiberius Gemellus, son of Drusus the younger. Though by that time Tiberius was in old age and, with Gemellus still a child, it was obvious that it would be Caligula who would truly inherit the power for himself. [PAR] By AD 33 he was made quaestor, though was given no further administrative training at all. [PAR] Caligula was very tall, with spindly legs and a thin neck. His eyes and temples were sunken and his forehead broad and glowering. His hair was thin and he was bald on top, though he had a hairy body (during his reign it was a crime punishable by death to look down on him as he passed by, or to mention a goat in his presence). [PAR] There were rumours surrounding the death of Tiberius. It is very likely that the 77 year-old emperor did simply die of old age. [PAR] But one account tells of how Tiberius was thought to have died. Caligula drew the imperial signet ring from his finger and was greeted as emperor by the crowd. Then however news reached the would-be emperor that Tiberius had recovered and was requesting food be brought to him. Caligula, terrified at any revenge by the emperor returned from the dead, froze on the spot. But Naevius Cordus Sertorius Macro, commander of the praetorians, rushed inside and smothered Tiberius with a cushion, suffocating him. [PAR] In any case, with the support of Macro, Caligula was immediately hailed as princeps ('first citizen') by the senate (AD 37). No sooner did he get back to Rome the senate bestowed upon him all the powers of imperial office, and - declaring Tiberius' will invalid - the child Gemellus was not granted his claim to the joint reign. [PAR] But it was above all the army which, very loyal to the house of Germanicus, sought to see Caligula as sole ruler. [PAR] Caligula quietly dropped an initial request for the deification of the deeply unpopular Tiberius. [PAR] All around there was much rejoicing at the investment of a new emperor after the dark later years of his predecessor. [PAR] Caligula abolished Tiberius' gruesome treason trials, paid generous bequests to the people of Rome and an especially handsome bonus to the praetorian guard. [PAR] There is an amusing anecdote surrounding"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fashion designer Alexander McQueen dies aged 40 | Fashion ... Fashion designer Alexander McQueen dies aged 40 | Fashion | The Guardian [PAR] Alexander McQueen [PAR] Fashion designer Alexander McQueen dies aged 40 [PAR] Tributes flow in for 'master of the fantastic' found dead at West End home a few days before London fashion week [PAR] Thursday 11 February 2010 13.48 EST [PAR] First published on Thursday 11 February 2010 13.48 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 6 years old [PAR] The British fashion designer Alexander McQueen has been found dead at the age of 40 in his London home. [PAR] His body was discovered at the property in Green Street, central London , shortly after 10am today. Paramedics were called but he was pronounced dead at the scene. A postmortem has been scheduled but police said his death was not being treated as suspicious. They would not comment on reports he had killed himself. [PAR] A spokeswoman for McQueen said: \"Mr McQueen was found dead this morning at his home. We're devastated and I hope you understand that out of respect to his family and his colleagues we're not going to be making any further statement.\" [PAR] The death comes days before the start of London fashion week and a month before the designer was to unveil his new collection at Paris fashion week. [PAR] His family asked for privacy to come to terms with the death of McQueen, whose first name was Lee. [PAR] His company, Alexander McQueen, issued a statement saying: \"On behalf of Lee McQueen's family, Alexander McQueen today announces the tragic news that Lee McQueen, the founder and designer of the Alexander McQueen brand, has been found dead at his home. At this stage it is inappropriate to comment on this tragic news beyond saying that we are devastated and are sharing a sense of shock and grief with Lee's family.\" [PAR] \"Lee's family has asked for privacy in order to come to terms with this terrible news and we hope the media will respect this.\" [PAR] Tributes quickly poured in after news of McQueen's sudden death. [PAR] Alexandra Shulman, the editor of British Vogue, said McQueen had influenced a whole generation of designers. \"His brilliant imagination knew no bounds as he conjured up collection after collection of extraordinary designs,\" she said. \"At one level he was a master of the fantastic, creating astounding fashion shows that mixed design, technology and performance and on another he was a modern-day genius whose gothic aesthetic was adopted by women the world over. His death is the hugest loss to anyone who knew him and for very many who didn't.\" [PAR] The designer Katherine Hamnett said: \"He was a genius. What a terrible, tragic waste.\" [PAR] Dame Vivienne Westwood said she was \"incredibly sorry\" to hear the news. [PAR] Matthew Williamson said: \"I am shocked and deeply saddened by McQueen's death. He was a genius and his talent was second to none. Like many others I always cited him as a hugely inspirational leader of world fashion. He will be greatly missed.\" [PAR] A spokesman for the model Kate Moss said: \"Kate is shocked and devastated at the tragic loss of her dear friend Lee McQueen. Her thoughts are with his family at this sad time.\" [PAR] McQueen was praised for raising the profile of British fashion around the world. \"Alexander McQueen made an outstanding contribution to British fashion,\" said the culture secretary, Ben Bradshaw. \"His extraordinary talent and creativity mean that his designs are adored not just by followers of haute couture but lovers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sitting Bull Sitting Bull [PAR] Sitting Bull [PAR] T\u021fat\u021f\u00e1\u014bka \u00cdyotake was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man and tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies leading to the defeat of George A. Custer and his 7th Calvery at Little Big Horn. He was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him. [PAR] Pages [PAR] Click Here to Visit our Sponsor [PAR] SITTING BULL, Sioux chief, born about 1830. He was the principal chief of the Dakota Sioux, who were driven from their reservation in the Black Hills by miners in 1876, and took up arms against the whites and friendly Indians, refusing to be transported to the Indian territory. In June, 1876, they defeated and massacred Gen. George A. Custer's advance party of Gen. Alfred H. Terry's column, which was sent against them, on Little Big Horn River. They were pursued northward by General Terry. [PAR] Sitting Bull, with a part of his band, made his escape into British Territory, and, through the mediation of Dominion officials, surrendered on a promise of pardon in 1880. [PAR] After the pardon, Sitting Bull returned to the United States in 1881, and was held prisoner at the Standing Rock Reservation in the Dakota territory. He was allowed to travel with the permission of the reservation's Indian Agent, and on one of those trips in 1884 he met Annie Oakley, whose marksmanship so impressed the Sioux warrior that he offered $65 for a photograph of the two of them together. [PAR] Phoebe Ann Oakley (\"Annie\") (1860-1926) signed and inscribed cabinet photograph, \"Yours Sincerely \"Annie Oakley\". In this photo \"LITTLE SURE-SHOT\" takes aim in a very striking three-quarter length standing portrait dressed in fringed buckskin and Stetson. Oakley, dubbed \"Little Sure-Shot\" by the famous Sioux chief Sitting Bull, was a headline performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show from 1885 to 1897. The feats of this pint-sized (4' 11\") marksman were truly astounding: she could split a playing card held on edge at thirty paces, shot cigarettes from her husband's mouth, and, on one occasion, from the mouth of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany. [PAR] Students and Teachers of US History this is a video of Stanley and Christopher Klos presenting America's Four United Republics Curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. The December 2015 video was an impromptu capture by a member of the audience of Penn students, professors and guests that numbered about 200. [PAR] The next year Sitting Bull joined Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show. His parts in the show was limited but Sitting Bull rode in the show's opening procession. He was well compensated, earning 50 dollars a week plus the money he made from selling autographs. He was treated kindly by Oakley, who said the Sioux warrior \"made a great pet of me.\" Sitting Bull was fond of Oakley naming her \"Little Sure Shot.\" [PAR] During the show's tour Sitting Bull met \"new White Father at Washington,\" President Grover Cleveland. Life on the road was often unpleasant with Crowds often hissing while the newspapers termed him \"as mild mannered a man as ever cut a throat or scalped a helpless woman.\" During a show in Pittsburgh the brother of a Little Big Horn casulty attacked him. Sitting Bull often commented on the poverty, he witnessed in his travels along the rail lines, especially among children. When the 1885 season ended, the Sioux warrior decided to return to the reservation stating that \"The wigwam is a better place for the red man\" In 1886"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Going Straight (TV Series 1978\u2013 ) - IMDb Going Straight (TV Series 1978\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Following his release from Slade prison, Fletcher tries to stick to the straight and narrow, but it isn't easy! [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Fletch is finally released - after getting his coat stuck in the prison gates - and on the train home meets Mr. Mackay, who, after a few drinks, tells him he will soon have to retire and is off to ... [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] Ingrid is marrying Lennie Godber but Fletch feels frustrated because his ex-wife and her partner are paying for the wedding when he feels that he should be. He is thus tempted when a man called Piper... [PAR] 8.3 [PAR] Fletch is well-regarded at the hotel, though he is not too well off as his wages go on repaying Ingrid and Godber, now engaged, for loans. An old lady called Mrs. Appleby comes to the hotel with some... [PAR] 8.0 [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 13 titles [PAR] created 11 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 250 titles [PAR] created 27 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 392 titles [PAR] created 11 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 22 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Going Straight \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] This prison comedy is based on the popular British television series of the same name. Long time Slade prison inmate Fletcher is ordered by Grouty to arrange a football match between the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Dick Clement [PAR] The prison life of Fletcher, a criminal serving a five-year sentence, as he strives to bide his time, keep his record clean, and refuses to be ground down by the prison system. [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, Brian Wilde, Fulton Mackay [PAR] The adventures of two \"likely lads\" ostensibly set in the North East of England (but filmed in Willesden Junction, London). Terry and Bob have been friends since childhood. Bob is the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: James Bolam, Rodney Bewes, Don McKillop [PAR] Arkwright is a tight-fisted shop owner in Doncaster, who will stop at nothing to keep his profits high and his overheads low, even if this means harassing his nephew Granville. Arkwright's ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ronnie Barker, David Jason, Lynda Baron [PAR] Popular sitcom set in a seedy bedsit lorded over by the mean, vain, boastful, cowardly landlord Rigsby. In each episode, his conceits are debunked by his long suffering tenants. [PAR] Stars: Leonard Rossiter, Don Warrington, Frances de la Tour [PAR] Terry and Bob from The Likely Lads (1964) continue their life after Terry arrives"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reflex Ultra White 80gsm A5 Copy Paper 500 Sheet Ream ... Reflex Ultra White 80gsm A5 Copy Paper 500 Sheet Ream | Officeworks [PAR] Reflex Ultra White 80gsm A5 Copy Paper 500 Sheet Ream [PAR] Product Code: SPG193R Category Links: A5 Copy Paper [PAR] Reflex Ultra White 80gsm A5 Copy Paper 500 Sheet Ream has a SKU of SPG193R a product ID of SPG193R and a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) of 9311995002124 [PAR] This Reflex Ultra White Copy Paper is A5 in size which makes it ideal for printing brochures, pamphlets and more. The paper is ultra white for high contrast and has built in curl control to prevent jams and interruptions. This paper is 80 gsm which makes it perfect for a variety of uses in the home or office. Reflex brand. [PAR] Reflex Ultra White 80gsm A5 Copy Paper 500 Sheet Ream is rated 5 out of 5 by 1 reviews. 0 is the minimum rating. [PAR] Rated 5 out of 5 by bowler the product was great The A5 paper is great to use for your small jobs it saves cutting down A4 paper to size 23 January 2012 [PAR] Reflex Ultra White 80gsm A5 Copy Paper 500 Sheet Ream for the price of $4.99 [PAR] in category at Officeworks http://www.officeworks.com.au [PAR] Delivery [PAR] Features [PAR] This Reflex Ultra White Copy Paper is A5 in size which makes it ideal for printing brochures, pamphlets and more. The paper is ultra white for high contrast and has built in curl control to prevent jams and interruptions. This paper is 80 gsm which makes it perfect for a variety of uses in the home or office. [PAR] This paper is 80 gsm which makes it ideal for a range of applications. [PAR] It's A5 size which makes it ideal for smaller printing applications. [PAR] There are 500 sheets in each ream. [PAR] It has a CIE Whiteness of 160 for black and white and colour printing. [PAR] Australian Paper Recycling [PAR] Product Disclaimer: Officeworks cares greatly about the safety of our customers and makes every effort to ensure that the images, descriptions and formulations of each product we sell are accurate and up to date. However, product formulas can change and there may be slight delays in updating the information online. If you have particular concerns about the materials or ingredients used in this product, please read the label carefully on the product or contact the manufacturer for the most up to date information. [PAR] Specifications [PAR] Australian Forestry Standard (AFS) Certified [PAR] Material [PAR] 161011 [PAR] Size Chart: [PAR] Below is general information about the Officeworks Delivery Policy. Your final delivery cost will be calculated in the checkout for your order. [PAR] truck [PAR] Next Day Local Delivery [PAR] We offer Free Next Day Local Delivery for orders over $55 or more, to local areas. Larger items and Special Orders can take longer. [PAR] truck [PAR] Standard Next Day Delivery [PAR] We offer Standard Next Day Delivery for orders of $55 or more to metro areas of Brisbane, Melbourne, Geelong, Perth and Sydney. [PAR] truck [PAR] Premium Same Day Delivery [PAR] We offer Same Day Delivery for in stock orders that are ordered before 11:30am and delivered to metro areas of Brisbane, Melbourne, Geelong, Perth and Sydney. [PAR] Enter your postcode below for delivery times and cost for your area. [PAR] Orders for in stock items placed after 11:30 will be delivered the following business day to metro areas of Brisbane, Melbourne, Geelong, Perth and Sydney. [PAR] Larger items and special orders incur additional delivery"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grace Jones on Russell Harty Barmy diva throws legendary ... Grace Jones on Russell Harty Barmy diva throws legendary strop!!!! - YouTube [PAR] Grace Jones on Russell Harty Barmy diva throws legendary strop!!!! [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Aug 3, 2009 [PAR] Category"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints, Imperial pints to US ... Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints, Imperial pints to US fl oz - Volume Conversions [PAR] Volume Conversions [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints, Imperial pints to US fl oz - Volume Conversions [PAR] Online calculators to convert US fluid ounces to Imperial pints (US fl oz to Imperial pt) and Imperial pints to US fluid ounces (Imperial pt to US fl oz). Our conversions provide a quick and easy way to convert between Volume units. [PAR] Conversion Calculators [PAR] Enter your value in one of the conversion calculators below: [PAR] Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints [PAR] US fl oz [PAR] Convert Imperial pints to US fl oz [PAR] Imperial pt [PAR] \u00ab More Volume Conversions [PAR] How to convert US fl oz to Imperial pints : Use the conversion calculator titled \"Convert US fl oz to Imperial pints\". Enter a value in the US fl oz field and click on the \"Calculate Imperial pints\" button. Your answer will appear in the Imperial pt field. [PAR] How to convert Imperial pints to US fl oz : Use the conversion calculator titled \"Convert Imperial pints to US fl oz\". Enter a value in the Imperial pt field and click on the \"Calculate US fluid ounces\" button. Your answer will appear in the US fl oz field. [PAR] Conversion Definitions [PAR] The following is a list of definitions relating to conversions between US fluid ounces and Imperial pints. [PAR] What is a US fluid ounce (US fl oz)? [PAR] A US fluid ounce is a unit of volume in US Customary Units. The symbol for US fluid ounce is US fl oz. There are 19.21520676 US fluid ounces in an Imperial pint. [PAR] What is an Imperial pint (Imperial pt)? [PAR] An Imperial pint is a unit of volume in the Imperial System. The symbol for Imperial pint is Imperial pt. There are 0.052042115 Imperial pints in a US fluid ounce. [PAR] Conversion Formulas [PAR] Let's take a closer look at the conversion formulas so that you can do these conversions yourself with a calculator or with an old-fashioned pencil and paper. [PAR] The formula to convert from US fl oz to Imperial pt is: [PAR] Imperial pt = US fl oz x 0.052042115 [PAR] The formula to convert from Imperial pt to US fl oz is: [PAR] US fl oz = Imperial pt \u00f7 0.052042115 [PAR] Conversion Examples [PAR] Next, let's look at some examples showing the work and calculations that are involved in converting from US fluid ounces to Imperial pints (US fl oz to Imperial pt) or converting from Imperial pints to US fluid ounces (Imperial pt to US fl oz). [PAR] US Fluid Ounce to Imperial Pint Conversion Example [PAR] Task: Convert 2,500 US fluid ounces to Imperial pints (show work) Formula: US fl oz x 0.052042115 = Imperial pt Calculations: 2,500 US fl oz x 0.052042115 = 130.1052875 Imperial pt Result: 2,500 US fl oz is equal to 130.1052875 Imperial pt [PAR] Imperial Pint to US Fluid Ounce Conversion Example [PAR] Task: Convert 75 Imperial pints to US fluid ounces (show work) Formula: Imperial pt \u00f7 0.052042115 = US fl oz Calculations: 75 Imperial pt \u00f7 0.052042115 = 1,441.14050707 US fl oz Result: 75 Imperial pt is equal to 1,441.14050707 US fl oz [PAR] Conversion Tables [PAR] For quick reference purposes, below are conversion tables that you can use to convert from US fl oz to Imperial pt, and Imperial pt to US fl oz. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Marbles - New and collectible glass marbles Types of marbles [PAR] Types of Marbles [PAR] Wholesale and Bulk Marbles [PAR] Types of Marbles [PAR] Marbles come in an astonishing variety and are commonly classified according to their size, appearance, and materials they are made from. Glass marbles are probably the most popular today, but they can also be made from clay, crockery, china, real marble, stone ivory, agate, steel and other materials. [PAR] Generally, marbles are around 1/2-inch across, but they can range from less than 1/4-inch to more than 3 inches. Marble players often use terms like jumbo, pee wee, queenie, bumbo, bumboozer, and boulders to describe marble sizes. [PAR] Sometimes the names given to marbles describe the materials from which they are made and sometimes they describe their appearance. Here are some of the major classifications. [PAR] Alley or Real describes a marble that is made from real marble or alabaster. Alley stands for alabaster. These usually have wavy patterns with lots of color. Common names for these marbles include onyx, bumblebee, corkscrew, and swirl. Other examples include: [PAR] Oxblood\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthese have streaks that resemble blood. [PAR] Onionskin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwhich contain a pattern that looks like an onion. [PAR] Lutz\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe name comes from a skating term, describing a pattern that resembles this marble's streak. [PAR] Toothpaste\u00ef\u00bf\u00bddistinct waves of black, orange, white, blue and red. [PAR] Cats Eye\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthese are created by injecting colored cores into the marble, which look like eyes in the center of the marble. [PAR] Croton Alley or Jasper should not be confused with the alley marbles listed above. Instead, they are made of either glazed or unglazed china that is marbled with blue. These are usually larger than the other alley marbles. [PAR] Commie or common marbles are usually brightly painted but are made of clay and don't often retain their finish over time. They generally don't have much value. [PAR] A Steely is just what it sounds like, made of steel. [PAR] Sulphide marbles are clear and have objects embedded inside of them. [PAR] China and Plaster marbles are both made from china. China marbles are those that have been glazed, while plasters are those that have not been. Both of them have lines of various colors that sometimes cross each other, forming plaid designs. They also form circles called bull's eyes. Like any other form of china, they are created in wooden molds, then baked, and painted. [PAR] An Aggie is made from agate, or sometimes carnelian and are usually quite beautiful. They vary in color from gray to blood red and sometimes have stripes or mottlings of different colors. When they are created, the rock is broken down into smaller pieces and then a hammer is used to form them into crude balls. They are then worn down on a grindstone until they are perfect spheres. They are then polished polished by hand. Aggies are perfect when you are making a difficult shot because of their balanced weight and symmetry. [PAR] Crystal or Clearie marbles are made of clear colored glass, and are often known as rubies, bloods, glimmers, or opals. They too are often beautiful but don't stand up to wear and tear. After they have been used, their finish becomes full of nicks and has a dull sheen. Sometimes these marbles are called agates, so the genuine agate is often referred to as \"real\" to distinguish it from the glass ones. [PAR] The terms galaxy, cloudy, swirly, mica, and milky are also familiar to many marble players. [PAR] Take a look at the categories on the right and peruse"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ( 1975 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 30 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 20 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 17 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) [PAR] 8.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 30 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Demme [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] The aging patriarch of an organized crime dynasty transfers control of his clandestine empire to his reluctant son. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] In German-occupied Poland during World War II, Oskar Schindler gradually becomes concerned for his Jewish workforce after witnessing their persecution by the Nazi Germans. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. [PAR] Director: Sam Mendes [PAR] Mathilda, a 12-year-old girl, is reluctantly taken in by L\u00e9on, a professional assassin, after her family is murdered. L\u00e9on and Mathilda form an unusual relationship, as she becomes his prot\u00e9g\u00e9e and learns the assassin's trade. [PAR] Director: Luc Besson [PAR] The early life and career of Vito Corleone in 1920s New York is portrayed while his son, Michael, expands and tightens his grip on the family crime syndicate. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] McMurphy has a criminal past and has once again gotten himself into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rollmops - CooksInfo.com Rollmops [PAR] Rollmops [PAR] Rollmops [PAR] \u00a9 Denzil Green [PAR] A Rollmop is a fish hors d'oeuvre made by rolling a pickled herring filet around another pickled food item, such as pickled onion, pickled cucumber or sauerkraut. [PAR] It is then covered and preserved with spiced vinegar. They can be packed for sale in bottles, or in larger tubs for sale at deli counters. [PAR] To make a Rollmop, a herring filet (skin on or off) is laid out, spread with mustard, and sometimes sprinkled with a few capers. It is then rolled tightly around a pickled cucumber, onion, etc. It may be held together with a toothpick. [PAR] A spiced pickling solution is poured over, and it is allow to marinate for several days before using. Spices might include juniper berries and allspice berries, whole cloves and peppercorns, and bay leaf. [PAR] You leave it rolled up to eat it. Each will have about three bites in it. It is usually eaten with fingers. [PAR] Rollmops are made by the Swedes and the Danes, as well as the Germans and the Dutch. [PAR] In Berlin, they are made with Bismarck herring filets. [PAR] Storage Hints[DOC] [TLE] Pickled fish and rollmops | Backwoods Home Magazine Pickled fish and rollmops | Backwoods Home Magazine [PAR] Pickled fish and rollmops [PAR] By Linda Gabris [PAR] Issue #91 \u2022 January/February, 2005 [PAR] The zesty creations called rollmops (those mouthwatering appetizers that you buy in jars at the supermarket or by bulk in a deli) have deep European roots, but there\u2019s a lot more to pickled fish than just herring. [PAR] Traditional rollmops, herring fillets wrapped around a small sour pickle and cured in brine, are as old as history dates. The term comes from rollen, meaning \u201cto roll up\u201d in German, and moppen, meaning \u201csour face\u201d in Dutch. [PAR] White fleshed fillets are being rolled into rollmops ready for poaching then pickling. [PAR] Once considered an everyday staple, pickled fish today is ranked high on the list of gourmet delights. Commercial rollmops are rather pricey, but the good news is that any fish can be pickled and anglers who haven\u2019t yet landed a catch in the crock don\u2019t know what they\u2019re missing. [PAR] Pickling is a safe and easy method of putting up fish for short term storage. Often when I have a fresh fish that doesn\u2019t fit into the immediate menu or net a good buy at the fish market, I get out my crock and pickle the prize. This makes a delicious appetizer that saves up to a month, allowing it to be enjoyed in several settings. [PAR] Small fish are ideal for pickling in traditional rollmop fashion and nothing makes a better \u201cmock\u201d rollmop than plentiful smelt or other small pan fish. Larger catch including whitefish, perch, walleye, bass, and trout are succulent when pickled. Since skin is tougher on larger fish and flesh is usually too thick for rolling, the fish is best skinned, filleted, and cut into serving-sized chunks before pickling because acid in the brine helps break down and dissolve bones. Even the most discriminate can\u2019t resist spicy suckers in the pickle jar. [PAR] There are two basic methods of pickling fish. [PAR] The old-fashioned way involves packing salted-down fish into a crock or jar and covering with boiling brine. If this method is practiced, modern day home-picklers are advised to freeze fish first for at least 48 hours in case tapeworms are present in the flesh. This method works great for previously frozen catch or store-bought frozen buys. [PAR] The other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shin bone | definition of shin bone by Medical dictionary Shin bone | definition of shin bone by Medical dictionary [PAR] Shin bone | definition of shin bone by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/shin+bone [PAR] bone [PAR] [b\u014dn] [PAR] 1. the hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton of vertebrates, composed chiefly of calcium salts. [PAR] 2. any distinct piece of the skeleton of the body. See anatomic Table of Bones in the Appendices for regional and alphabetical listings of bones, and see color plates 1 and 2. Called also os . adj., adj bo\u00b4ny. [PAR] There are 206 separate bones in the human body. Collectively they form the skeletal system , a structure bound together by ligaments at the joints and set in motion by the muscles, which are secured to the bones by means of tendons. Bones, ligaments, muscles, and tendons are the tissues of the body responsible for supporting and moving the body. [PAR] Some bones have a chiefly protective function. An example is the skull, which encloses the brain, the back of the eyeball, and the inner ear. Some, such as the pelvis, are mainly supporting structures. Other bones, such as the jaw and the bones of the fingers, are concerned chiefly with movement. The bone marrow in the center manufactures blood cells. The bones themselves act as a storehouse of calcium , which must be maintained at a certain level in the blood for the body's normal chemical functioning. [PAR] Structure and Composition. Bone is not uniform in structure but is composed of several layers of different materials. The outermost layer, the periosteum, is a thin, tough membrane of fibrous tissue. It gives support to the tendons that secure the muscle to the bone and also serves as a protective sheath. This membrane encloses all bones completely except at the joints where there is a layer of cartilage. Beneath the periosteum lie the dense, hard layers of bone tissue called compact bone. Its composition is fibrous rather than solid and it gives bone its resiliency. Encased within these layers is the tissue that makes up most of the volume of bone, called cancellous or spongy bone because it contains little hollows like those of a sponge. The innermost portion of the bone is a hollow cavity containing marrow. Blood vessels course through every layer of bone, carrying nutritive elements, oxygen, and other products. Bone tissue also contains a large number of nerves. The basic chemical in bone, which gives bone its hardness and strength, is calcium phosphate. [PAR] Development. Cartilage forms the major part of bone in the very young; this accounts for the great flexibility and resiliency of the infant skeleton. Gradually, calcium phosphate collects in the cartilage, and it becomes harder and more brittle. Some of the cartilage cells break loose, so that channels develop in the bone shaft. Blood vessels enter the channels, bearing with them small cells of connective tissue, some of which become osteoblasts, cells that form true bone. The osteoblasts enter the hardened cartilage, forming layers of hard, firm bone. Other cells, called osteoclasts, work to tear down old or excess bone structure, allowing the osteoblasts to rebuild with new bone. This renewal continues throughout life, although it slows down with age. [PAR] Cartilage formation and the subsequent replacement of cartilage by hard material is the mechanism by which bones grow in size. During the period of bone growth, cartilage grows over the hardened portion of bone. In time, this layer of cartilage hardens as calcium phosphate is added, and a fresh layer grows"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Was Jesus' Grandfather? | Desiring God Who Was Jesus' Grandfather? | Desiring God [PAR] Who Was Jesus' Grandfather? [PAR] Arrow [PAR] Founder & Teacher, desiringGod.org [PAR] Doubts about God's word can arise when we find apparent contradictions and don't see immediate solutions. For example, who was Jesus's grandfather? We know that, although Jesus was supernaturally conceived by the Holy Spirit (Luke 1:34f), his earthly, legal father was Joseph. But Luke says that Joseph is the son of Heli (3:23), while Matthew says that he was the son of Jacob (1:16). [PAR] One of the best treatments of this problem is The Virgin Birth of Christ by J. Gresham Machen (New York: Harper Brothers, 1930). The solution Machen argues for is that \"while the Matthean genealogy traces the successive heirs to the throne of David from David to Joseph, the Lucan genealogy traces the ancestors of Joseph back to David.\" (p. 206). [PAR] He explains, \"The Lucan genealogy, in other words, starts with the question, 'Who was Josheph's \"father\"?' the answer to that question is, 'Heli.' . . . In the Matthean genealogy, on the other hand, we start with the question, 'Who was the heir to David's throne?' The answer is, \"Solomon,' and so on down to Joseph.\" (p. 207). [PAR] You can see the signal that something like this is happening by comparing how the genealogies are the same from Abraham to king David, and then they diverge. For example, in Luke 3:31 it says that Nathan is David's son, while in Matthew 1:6 it says that David was the father of Solomon. Now we know from 2 Samuel 5:14 that Nathan and Solomon were both sons of David. But only Solomon was the heir of the throne (1 Kings 1:13). [PAR] So the possible solution to why the genealogies are different from David down to Joseph is that Luke is giving the physical ancestors (or in one or two cases a very close adoptive relation), while Matthew is most interested in showing that the father of Jesus is the legal heir to the throne of David. [PAR] The correctness of this view of the purpose and the meaning of each genealogy is confirmed by the fact that the genealogy in Luke begins at the end and works backward, whereas the genealogy in Matthew begins at the beginning. Where the point was to trace the actual descent of Joseph back to David that could be done by recording the tradition of the family as to his actual father, Heli, and the actual father of Heli, and so on up to Nathan the son of David. But where the point was to mention the successive heirs of the Davidic throne, it was natural to begin with David and work down. (p. 207). [PAR] What then actually happened in the generations just before Jesus? Here is one possible scenario. And that is all we can do is offer plausible solutions since the actual facts are hidden from us. [PAR] Matthew's genealogy[DOC] [TLE] The Genealogy of Jesus - Compare Matthew's to Luke's The Genealogy of Jesus - Compare Matthew's to Luke's [PAR] The Genealogy of Jesus [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Genealogy of Jesus from the Book of Kells. Public Domain [PAR] Updated November 15, 2016. [PAR] There are two records in the Bible of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1978 FIFA World Cup - Football Wiki - Wikia 1978 FIFA World Cup | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1978 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Copa Mundial de F\u00fatbol Argentina '78 [PAR] Tournament details [PAR] 1\u201325 June (25 days) [PAR] Teams [PAR] 1982 \u2192 [PAR] The 1978 FIFA World Cup, the 11th staging of the FIFA World Cup , quadrennial international football world championship tournament, was held in Argentina between 1 and 25 June. [PAR] The 1978 World Cup was won by Argentina who beat the Netherlands 3\u20131 after extra time in the final. This win was the first World Cup title for Argentina, who became the fifth team (after Uruguay , Italy , England and West Germany ), to be both hosts and world champions. Argentina, the Netherlands and Brazil were the gold, silver and bronze medalists respectively. Iran and Tunisia made their first appearances in the finals. [PAR] The official match ball was the Adidas Tango. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Host selection [PAR] Argentina was chosen as the host nation by FIFA in London, England on 6 July 1966. Mexico withdrew from the bidding process after having been awarded the 1970 competition two years earlier. [PAR] Qualification [PAR] Main article: 1978 FIFA World Cup qualification [PAR] England failed to qualify for the second World Cup in succession, losing out to Italy. European champions Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union also failed to qualify for the finals. Uruguay failed to qualify for the first time since 1958. Newcomers to the finals were Iran and Tunisia; Austria qualified for the first time since 1958, while France, Spain and Hungary were back for the first time since 1966. For the first time, more than 100 nations entered the competition. [PAR] Controversy [PAR] A controversial fact surrounding the 1978 World Cup was that Argentina had suffered a military coup only two years before the cup, a coup known as the National Reorganization Process. Less than a year before the World Cup, in September 1977, Interior Minister General Albano Harguindeguy, stated that 5,618 people had recently disappeared. The infamous Naval Mechanics School (known by its acronym ESMA) held concentration camp prisoners of the Dirty War and those held captive reportedly could hear the roars of the crowd during matches held at River Plate's Monumental Stadium, located only a mile away; prompting echoes of Hitler's manipulation of sports during the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Because of the political turmoil, some countries, most notably the Netherlands , considered publicly whether they should participate in the event. Despite this, all teams eventually took part without restrictions. Allegations that Dutch star Johan Cruyff refused to participate because of political convictions were denied by him 30 years later. More controversy surrounded the host, Argentina, as all of their games in the first round kicked off at night, giving the Argentines the advantage of knowing where they stood in the group. This issue would arise again in Spain 1982, which prompted FIFA to change the rules so that the final two group games in subsequent World Cups would be played simultaneously. [PAR] Further accusations surround the game Argentina and Peru played in the second round of the tournament. Argentina needed to win by a margin of four goals to proceed to the final and did so by defeating Peru by 6\u20130. However, claims that the Argentine military dictatorship interfered to ensure Argentina would defeat Peru, were denied by the Peruvian captain and several Peruvian players. Some accusations originated in the Brazilian media and pointed to the fact that the Peruvian goalkeeper had been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Russia In World War 2 - GREY FALCON Russia In World War 2 [PAR] Russia In World War 2 [PAR] The great war plan, preparations, collapse, and recovery - a revised view [PAR] The history of Russia in World War 2 is still being revised. In the first decades after World War 2, the historiography of Russia's part in the war in between 1939 and the end of 1941, was largely based on a combination of the strictly censored Russian state propaganda's version and of what was known outside Russia, which was then closed behind the \"Iron Curtain\" of the Cold War. [PAR] Eventually, two new factors provided new insights and new proofs which enable a revision that let us get much closer to the truth. [PAR] The first factor was the great and laborious work of a few open-minded 2nd generation independent researchers like Viktor Suvorov and Mark Solonin, which applied analytic approaches to the vast scope of publicly available Russian wartime and post-war documentation and literature, detected thousands of small details of information that slipped over the years through the Soviet censorship, and processed these into coherent new insights which dramatically changed our perception of what happened, both before the German invasion (Suvorov's work), and after it started (Solonin's work). [PAR] First and foremost of these researchers was Vladimir Rezun (known by his pen name Viktor Suvorov), a Russian military intelligence officer who applied his deep knowledge of intelligence gathering and analysis methods, and of Russian military doctrines, to Russia's World War 2 military literature, with dramatic results. [PAR] The second factor was the partial removal of the deep cover of censorship from Russian military and state archives for a period of just five years, between the collapse of the Communist Soviet Union in 1991 and the gradual recovery of conservative nationalism in the Russian government, marked, for example, by the rise to power of Vladimir Putin, a former KGB officer. This gap of five years of relative openness was used by historians to access previously closed archives and reach documents which provide previously unavailable proofs that further support the claims of Suvorov and the other researchers. Since the mid-1990s, 'mainstream' western historiography increasingly accepts both the main claims and the main supporting facts and evidence of the pioneering work of researchers like Suvorov, and the \"history as we know it\" of Russia in World War 2 is being re-written. [PAR] The 'old' historiography of Russia in 1939-1941 can be summarized to this: [PAR] In August 1939 Stalin's Communist Russia signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler's Nazi Germany in order to keep the aggressive Hitler away from Russia. [PAR] The two dictatorships' mighty armies then attacked and occupied Poland from West and East and divided it between them. [PAR] While Hitler occupied half of Europe from Norway to Greece, Russia occupied the Baltic states and parts of Finland and Romania. [PAR] To keep Hitler appeased all this time, Stalin's Russia provided Germany, as agreed, with large quantities of war materials and even operational support services to assist the German war effort. [PAR] On June 22, 1941, Germany, together with its allies (Finland, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Italy), invaded Russia in a gigantic surprise attack. [PAR] The mighty German military, the most efficient in the world then, applied its successful Blitzkrieg tactic, and the terrible unpreparedness and deployment in concentrations close to the border of the giant Russian army, helped the Germans to achieve tremendous and rapid victories that defeated the brave and fully equipped but surprised and unprepared Russians, forcing millions of encircled Russian soldiers to surrender."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ruth Rendell (Barbara Vine) | Famous Authors with Secret ... Ruth Rendell (Barbara Vine) | Famous Authors with Secret Pseudonyms | TIME.com [PAR] Famous Authors with Secret Pseudonyms [PAR] By Samantha Grossman @sam_grossman July 14, 2013 [PAR] Jerry Bauer / AP [PAR] The prolific English mystery writer Ruth Rendell took up the unassuming pen name Barbara Vine in 1986. Under that name, she released 14 novels. As the author once explained to the National Post , the two distinct bylines offered the opportunity to hone two distinct voices. The works published under her real name feature more \u201cexcitement\u201d and \u201csensation\u201d while the works published under the pseudonym \u201cdon\u2019t have any sort of mystery in them, they don\u2019t have any revelations, really. They\u2019re just really about people.\u201d The author also said she used Vine to explore specific topics, like the evolution of morality. Oh, and Rendell\u2019s got another alter ego too: she was made a a CBE in 1996 and her official title is Baroness Rendell of Babergh."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo Number-calling Nicknames - il dado Bingo Number-calling Nicknames [PAR] 35.. Jump and jive - Flirty wives [PAR] 36.. Three dozen - Perfect (as in 36-24-36) - Yardstick... he wishes! (USA) [PAR] 37.. A flea in heaven - More than eleven [PAR] 38.. Christmas cake [PAR] 39.. Those famous steps - All the steps - Jack Benny [PAR] 40.. Two score - Life begins at - Blind 40 - Naughty 40 - Mary (USA) [PAR] 41.. Life\ufffds begun - Time for fun [PAR] 42.. That famous street in Manhattan - Whinny the Poo [PAR] 43.. Down on your knees [PAR] 44.. Droopy drawers - All the fours - Open two doors - Magnum (USA) [PAR] 45.. Halfway house - Halfway there - Cowboy's friend - Colt (USA) [PAR] 46.. Up to tricks [PAR] 48.. Four dozen [PAR] 49.. PC (Police Constable) - Copper - Nick nick - Rise and shine [PAR] 50.. Bulls eye - Bung hole - Blind 50 - Half a century - Snow White's number (five-oh - five-oh..) - Hawaii five O, Hawaii (USA) [PAR] 51.. I love my mum - Tweak of the thumb - The Highland Div[ision] - President's salute [PAR] 52.. Weeks in a year - The Lowland Div[ision] - Danny La Rue - Pack 'o cards - Pickup (USA) [PAR] 53.. Stuck in the tree - The Welsh Div[ision] - The joker [PAR] 54.. Clean the floor - House of bamboo (famous song) [PAR] 55.. Snakes alive - All the fives - Double nickels - Give us fives - Bunch of fives [PAR] 56.. Was she worth it? [PAR] 57.. Heinz varieties - All the beans (Heinz 57 varieties of canned beans) [PAR] 58.. Make them wait - Choo choo Thomas [PAR] 59.. Brighton line (engine 59 or it took 59 mins to go from London to Brighton) [PAR] 60.. Three score - Blind 60 - Five dozen [PAR] 61.. Bakers bun [PAR] 62.. Tickety boo - Turn on the screw [PAR] 63.. Tickle me - Home ball (USA) [PAR] 64.. The Beatles number - Red raw [PAR] 65.. Old age pension - Stop work (retirement age) [PAR] 66.. Clickety click - All the sixes - Quack quack (USA) [PAR] 67.. Made in heaven - Argumentative number [PAR] 68.. Saving grace - Check your weight [PAR] 69.. The same both ways - Your place or mine? - Any way up - Either way up - Any way round - Meal for two - The French connection - Yum yum - Happy meal (USA) [PAR] 70.. Three score and ten - Blind 70 - Big O (USA) [PAR] 71.. Bang on the drum - Lucky one [PAR] 72.. A crutch and a duck - Six dozen - Par for the course (golf) - Lucky two [PAR] 73.. Crutch with a flea - Queen B - Under the tree - Lucky three [PAR] 74.. Candy store - Grandmamma of Bingo - Lucky four [PAR] 75.. Strive and strive - Big Daddy - Granddaddy of Bingo - Lucky five [PAR] 76.. Trombones - Seven 'n' six - was she worth it? - Lucky six [PAR] 77.. Sunset strip - All the sevens - Two little crutches - The double hockey stick - Lucky seven [PAR] 78.. Heavens gate - Lucky eight [PAR] 79.. One more time - Lucky nine [PAR] 80.. Gandhi's breakfast - Blind 80 - Eight and blank - There you go matey [PAR] 81.. Fat lady and a little wee - Stop and run - Corner shot [PAR] 82.. Fat lady with a duck - Straight on through [PAR] 83.. Fat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lambeth Walk - YouTube The Lambeth Walk - YouTube [PAR] The Lambeth Walk [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 19, 2006 [PAR] When he was younger, Robert Lindsay starred as Bill Snibson in the UK production of 'Me and My Girl' with Emma Thompson. It was so successful that it opened on Broadway, again starring Robert Lindsay, this time with Mary Ann Plunkett. It won three Tony Awards, including Best Actor. This video is Robert Lindsay singing the Act One finale with the rest of the cast. Enjoy! [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lopburi Province - iSnare Free Encyclopedia Lopburi Province - iSnare Free Encyclopedia [PAR] Lopburi Province [PAR] Lopburi City Gate, from old to new city [PAR] Seal [PAR] Lopburi ( Thai : \u0e25\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e35, rtgs : Lop Buri, [PAR] pronounced [PAR] [l\u00f3p b\u016b.r\u012b\u02d0] ) is a province in the central region of Thailand . The province is subdivided into 11 administrative districts, and Mueang Lopburi District is the capital. With over 750,000 people, the province is Thailand's 37th largest area and 38th most populous. There are six neighboring provinces, Phetchabun , Nakhon Sawan , Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya , Saraburi , Nakhon Ratchasima , Chaiyaphum , Singburi , and Nakhon Sawan . [PAR] Lopburi is a significant province historically, where many historical structures, artifacts, and prehistoric settlements have been discovered. In the past, Lopburi was called by the name \u2018 Lavo , that is, the kingdom had been ruled by an absolute monarch . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 7 External links [PAR] History [PAR] Known as Lavo during much of its history, Lopburi probably dates to prehistoric times. [1] The name Lavo originated in the Dvaravati period (6th\u201311th century CE). The conquering Khmer would build many impressive temples in the city during its rule. Lopburi may even have liberated itself for a time, as it sent independent embassies to China in 1115 and 1155. In 1289 it sent another embassy to China, but soon became part of the Thai kingdom of Sukhothai and later Ayutthaya . [PAR] During the Ayutthaya period, King Ramathibodi I sent Phra Ramesuan (later King Ramesuan) as the Uparaja to reign in Lopburi. In 1665 King Narai the Great ordered a new palace built on the east bank of the Lopburi River and made Lopburi the second capital of the country, as Ayutthaya was threatened by the Dutch . After King Narai died, the city was almost abandoned and fell into ruin. [PAR] In 1856 King Mongkut of the Chakri dynasty ordered King Narai's palace to be renovated. The city finally regained its importance in 1938, when Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram chose Lopburi to be the largest military base in Thailand. [PAR] Geography [PAR] Lopburi is on the east side of the Chao Phraya River valley, between the Lopburi River and Pa Sak Rivers. Thirty percent of the area of the province, including most of Tha Wung district , the southwestern parts of Mueang Lopburi and Ban Mi districts are a very low alluvial plain . The other 70 percent is mixed plains and hills, with the Phetchabun Mountains forming the eastern boundary of the province towards the Khorat Plateau . [PAR] Symbols [PAR] The provincial seal shows Vishnu in front of the Khmer temple Phra Prang Sam Yod . [2] [PAR] The escutcheon of Lopburi shows Phra Narai and in the background Phra Prang Sam Yod, the \"Sanctuary with the Three Towers\". It refers to King Narai who in 1664 fortified the city to be used as an alternative capital when Ayutthaya was threatened by a Dutch naval blockade. [3] [PAR] The provincial tree as well as the provincial flower is the bullet wood . [4] [PAR] The slogan of the province is National treasures of King Narai's palace and Phra Kan Shrine, famous Prang Sam Yot, city of Din So Phong Marl, well-known Pa Sak Cholasit Dam and golden land of King Narai the Great. [PAR] Administrative divisions [PAR] The province is subdivided into 11 districts ( amphoe ). The districts are further subdivided into 124 sub-districts ( tambon ) and 1,110 villages ( muban ).[DOC] [TLE] Lopburi Province : Wikis (The Full Wiki) Lopburi Province"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Other for Apr 4, 2010 - Spanish 226 with Haney at ... Other for Apr 4, 2010 - Spanish 226 with Haney at University of Wisconsin - Madison - StudyBlue [PAR] Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. [PAR] Other for Apr 4, 2010 [PAR] Other for Apr 4, 2010 [PAR] Arnold S. [PAR] Last Modified: 2010-04-04 [PAR] File Size: 1 Views: 2 [PAR] Imperial Spain Main article: Spanish Empire The unification of the crowns of Aragon and Castile laid the basis for modern Spain and the Spanish Empire.[25] Spain was Europe's leading power throughout the 16th century and most of the 17th century, a position reinforced by trade and wealth from colonial possessions. Spain reached its apogee during the reigns of the first two Spanish Habsburgs \" Charles I (1516\"1556) and Philip II (1556\"1598). This period also saw the Italian Wars, the revolt of the comuneros, the Dutch revolt, the Morisco revolt, clashes with the Ottomans, the Anglo-Spanish war and wars with France.[26] The Spanish Empire expanded to include great parts of the Americas, islands in the Asia-Pacific area, areas of Italy, cities in Northern Africa, as well as parts of what are now France, Germany, Belgium,Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. It was the first empire about which it was said that the sun never set. This was an age of discovery, with daring explorations by sea and by land, the opening-up of new trade routes across oceans, conquests and the beginnings of European colonialism. Along with the arrival of precious metals,[note 14] spices, luxuries, and new agricultural plants, Spanish and other brought back knowledge from the New World, playing a leading part in transforming European understanding of the globe.[27] The cultural efflorescence witnessed is now referred to as the Spanish Golden Age. The rise of humanism, the Protestant Reformation and new geographical discoveries raised issues addressed by the influential intellectual movement now known as the School of Salamanca. In the late 16th century and first half of the 17th century, Spain was confronted by unrelenting challenges from all sides.Barbary pirates under the aegis of the rapidly growing Ottoman empire, disrupted life in many coastal areas through theirslave raids and renewed the threat of an Islamic invasion.[note 15] This at a time when Spain was often at war with France in Italy and elsewhere. The Protestant Reformation schism from the Catholic Church dragged the kingdom ever more deeply into the mire of religiously charged wars. The result was a country forced into ever expanding military efforts across Europe and in the Mediterranean.[28] By the middle decades of a war- and plague-ridden 17th century Europe the Spanish Habsburgs had enmeshed the country in the continent-wide religious-political conflicts. These conflicts drained it of resources and undermined the European economy generally. Spain managed to hold on to most of the scattered Habsburg empire, and help the imperial forces of the Holy Roman Empire reverse a large part of the advances made by Protestant forces, but it was finally forced to recognise the separation of Portugal (with whom it had been united in a personal union of the crowns from 1580 to 1640) and the Netherlands, and eventually suffered some serious military reverses to France in the latter stages of the immensely destructive, Europe-wide Thirty Years War.[29] In the latter half of the 17th century, Spain went into a gradual relative decline, during which it surrendered a number of small territories to France. However Spain maintained and enlarged its vast overseas empire, which remained intact until the beginning of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 19th December 1934: Pratibha Patil, first woman president ... 19th December 1934: Pratibha Patil, first woman president, was born [PAR] [PAR] 19th December 1934: Pratibha Patil, first woman president of India, was born [PAR] Pratibha Devisingh Patil, the 12th President of India and the first woman to hold the office, was born on December 19, 1934, at Nadgaon village in Maharashtra\u2019s Jalgaon district. After completing her basic education, she secured a Master\u2019s degree in Political Science and Economics from Jalgaon and a law degree from Mumbai. [PAR] She practiced law at the Jalgaon District Court. [PAR] She married Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat on July 7, 1965. Patil was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly on a Congress ticket in 1962 and consistently won the state elections between 1967 and 1985. She became a Rajya Sabha member in 1985 and was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1991 general elections from Amravati onstituency. [PAR] On November 8, 2004, Patil became the Governor of Rajasthan, the first woman to occupy the post. [PAR] Three years later she emerged as a compromise candidate for President and her name was announced by the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance on June 14, 2007. She won the election that was held on July 19. Her challenger was the then Vice President Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, backed by the opposition National Democratic Alliance. [PAR] According to a BBC profile, Patil \u201cwas by no means a unanimous choice for the role\u201d. But her long association with the Gandhi family made the \u201clow-profile governor\u201d of Rajasthan the \u201cfavoured presidential candidate of Sonia Gandhi\u201d. [PAR] Patil defeated Shekhawat by a margin of over 3 lakh votes, securing nearly 66 per cent of the total votes cast. [PAR] The Hindu wrote: \u201cReflecting the UPA-Left\u2019s national spread\u2026Patil made her presence felt in every State, whereas\u2026Shekhawat drew a blank inWest Bengal, Kerala, Tripura and Mizoram. He secured healthy margins inGujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.\u201d [PAR] She was sworn in as President on July 25, 2007. [PAR] In an article on the newly-elected President Outlook magazine wrote: \u201cPratibha Patil not only has to be a \u2018people's president\u2019 \u2014 she needs to come up to the expectations of the women of this country. For instance, her women critics \u2014 ranging from the fashionably vitriolic Shobha De to the volubly feminist Madhu Kishwar \u2014 have dismissed her elevation out of hand, saying that her becoming president will not materially change the condition of women in the country.\u201d [PAR] When asked about her decision to keep her maiden name after she got married, Patil said: \u201cI had contested elections [in Maharashtra] before I got married \u2014 people knew me as Pratibha Patil. So I kept the name. People accepted it \u2014 my husband accepted it.\u201d [PAR] The Hindu\u2019s N. Ram wrote 17 months into her Presidency:\u2026Pratibha Devisingh Patil\u2026is a quiet-spoken head of state. A lawyer by training, she has brought to her job decades of political, legislative, and administrative experience, inMaharashtra and elsewhere. She clearly believes in playing it by the book. Understanding her role sensitively, she has observed the constitutional restraints to the point of being non-obtrusive, in contrast (in this last respect) to her charismatic predecessor [A.P.J. Abdul Kalam].\u201d [PAR] When her term ended in 2012, opinions were mixed about how she had fared as President. Praveen Swami wrote in The Hindu: \u201cPresident Patil\u2019s term in office has been remarkably free of the kinds of friction that erupted during the tenures of some past Presidents \u2014 controversies that, on occasion, led Rashtrapati Bhavan towards collision with the political executive\u2026President Patil has also quietly used her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cook Islands travel guide - Wikitravel Cook Islands travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Time Zone [PAR] UTC-10 [PAR] The Cook Islands are a self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand , located in Polynesia, in the middle of the South Pacific Ocean , between French Polynesia (Society Islands) to the east and Tonga to the west. [PAR] This archipelago has 15 inhabited islands spread out over 2.2 million square kilometres of ocean with no land between the tropical Cook Islands and Antarctica . [PAR] With the same time zone and latitude (south, rather than north) as Hawaii, the islands are sometimes thought of as \"Hawaii down under\". Though smaller, it reminds some elderly visitors of Hawaii before statehood without all the large tourist hotels and other development. [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] Named after Captain Cook, who sighted them in 1770, the islands became a British protectorate in 1888. By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand; in 1965 residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. New Zealand handles defence, foreign affairs (including issuing passports) and currency; otherwise the islands are self-governing. This includes immigration, which is strictly controlled -- even for non Cook Island New Zealanders. [PAR] People[ edit ] [PAR] Many Cook Islanders will tell you how there are more Cook Islanders living in New Zealand and Australia than in the Cook Islands. The population of the Cook Islands is less than 15,000 but there are over 50,000 Cook Islanders living in New Zealand , and over 30,000 in Australia . Those remaining have often spent time in Auckland , Melbourne or Sydney before returning home. [PAR] Climate[ edit ] [PAR] Tropical, moderated by trade winds. Rarotonga has average maximum temperatures of around 25\u00b0C (77\u00b0F) in winter (May-October) and 29\u00b0C (82\u00b0F) in summer (November-April), temperatures in the northern islands are several degrees higher. Rainfall mostly occurs in summer, usually in the form of afternoon storms. Cyclone season is November to March, although the islands are hit by a big one only once every five years or so. [PAR] Terrain[ edit ] [PAR] The Northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls. The Southern Cook Islands consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles where most of the populace lives. [PAR] Tourism[ edit ] [PAR] Tourism facilities are well developed on Rarotonga and Aitutaki , and information is available. However you won't see a single tout, and tourist scams are unheard of. If you want to organize something, it usually isn't hard to do, but you will need to make the first move. [PAR] Get in[ edit ] [PAR] All visitors to the Cook Islands, irrespective of nationality, are visa exempt for a maximum stay of 31 days. Visitors travelling for touristic purposes may extend their stay, for periods of 31 days, up to a maximum of 6 months. [PAR] There is a departure tax of $55 per person adult and $15 per child between 2 and 12 but this is now included in your ticket price. [PAR] You must have a reservation for accommodation pre-arranged or you may be sent back (or onward) on the next flight out. Camping on the beach is not allowed. [PAR] By plane[ edit ] [PAR] Rarotonga International Airport ( IATA : RAR) is the main gateway to the Cook Islands. There are daily services to Auckland (3.5h) and weekly services to Sydney , Fiji and to Los Angeles . The only international airlines at present are Air New Zealand, once-weekly Air Tahiti, and twice-weekly Virgin Australia (ex. Pacific Blue). Air New Zealand has code"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Vyvyan Holland, Alumni of Trinity ... Learn and talk about Vyvyan Holland, Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, British Army personnel of World War I, English male writers, English people of Irish descent [PAR] Biography[ edit ] [PAR] Vyvyan Wilde in 1891 aged 5 [PAR] After Wilde was convicted of the charge of \"gross indecency\" and imprisoned, Constance changed her surname, and those of their sons, to Holland. [1] She took the boys to Switzerland and then enrolled them in an English-speaking school in Germany. Vyvyan was unhappy there. Because of this, but also to improve security, Vyvyan was moved to a Jesuit school in Monaco . He converted to Catholicism there and subsequently attended Stonyhurst College , also run by Jesuits. However, his brother Cyril remained at the school in Germany. [2] After Constance's death in 1898 her relatives sought legal counsel to prevent Oscar Wilde from seeing his sons again. [PAR] Vyvyan studied law at Trinity Hall in the University of Cambridge from 1905, but tired of his studies and left Cambridge in 1907. [3] On 20 July 1909 he accompanied his father's friend Robert Ross to witness the reburial of his father's remains from Bagneux Cemetery to P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. [PAR] Holland resumed his study of law at the age of 22, and was called to the Bar of England and Wales by the Inner Temple in 1912. He then began to write poems and short stories. [4] [PAR] Holland's first wife was Violet Craigie, whom he married in 1913. At the start of the First World War in 1914 he was first commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Interpreters Corps, but later transferred into 114 Battery, XXV Bde Royal Field Artillery . He was demobilised on 27 July 1919 and was awarded an OBE . His brother Cyril had been killed by a German sniper on 9 May 1915, during the Battle of Festubert . [PAR] Holland went on to become an author and translator. At the beginning of the Second World War he was offered a position as a translator and editor for the BBC , a post he held for six years. In September 1943 he married his second wife, Dorothy Thelma Helen Besant. [5] [PAR] In 1947 he and Thelma left for Australia and New Zealand, where Mrs Holland had been invited to give lectures on fashionable dress in 19th-century Australia. [4] The couple lived in Melbourne from 1948 to 1952. [PAR] Their only child, Merlin Holland , became a publisher, a dealer in glass and ceramics, and a writer who edited and published several works about his grandfather. [PAR] Vyvyan Holland died in London in 1967 aged 80. [PAR] Original courtesy of Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyvyan_Holland \u2014 Please support Wikipedia. [PAR] This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia . A portion of the proceeds from advertising on Digplanet goes to supporting Wikipedia. [PAR] We're sorry, but there's no news about \"Vyvyan Holland\" right now. [PAR] Limit to books that you can completely read online [PAR] Include partial books (book previews) [PAR] Oops, we seem to be having trouble contacting Twitter [PAR] Support Wikipedia [PAR] A portion of the proceeds from advertising on Digplanet goes to supporting Wikipedia. Please add your support for Wikipedia! [PAR] Searchlight Group [PAR] Digplanet also receives support from Searchlight Group. Visit Searchlight [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2009-2016 Digparty. All rights reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wolf Creek (2005) - IMDb Wolf Creek (2005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Three backpackers stranded in the Australian outback are befriended by a local who turns out to be a sadistic psychopath and will plunge them into a hellish nightmare of insufferable torture. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Greg McLean (as Greg Mclean) [PAR] Writer: [PAR] Greg McLean (as Greg Mclean) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 08 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 10 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 28 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 10 Sep 2015 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 29 Nov 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Wolf Creek \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 24 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The outback once more becomes a place of horror as another unwitting tourist becomes the prey for crazed, serial-killing pig-hunter Mick Taylor. [PAR] Director: Greg McLean [PAR] Wolf Creek (TV Mini-Series 2016) [PAR] Drama | Horror | Thriller [PAR] Eve, a 19-year-old American tourist is targeted by crazed serial killer Mick Taylor. She survives his attack and embarks on a mission of revenge. [PAR] Stars: Lucy Fry, John Jarratt, Dustin Clare [PAR] Best friends Marie and Alexia decide to spend a quiet weekend at Alexia's parents' secluded farmhouse. But on the night of their arrival, the girls' idyllic getaway turns into an endless night of horror. [PAR] Director: Alexandre Aja [PAR] Refusing to let anything spoil their romantic weekend break, a young couple confront a gang of loutish youths with terrifyingly brutal consequences. [PAR] Director: James Watkins [PAR] Three backpackers head to a Slovak city that promises to meet their hedonistic expectations, with no idea of the hell that awaits them. [PAR] Director: Eli Roth [PAR] A suburban American family is being stalked by a group of psychotic people who live in the desert, far away from civilization. [PAR] Director: Alexandre Aja [PAR] A married couple becomes stranded at an isolated motel and finds hidden video cameras in their room. They soon realize that unless they escape, they'll be the next victims of a snuff film. [PAR] Director: Nimr\u00f3d Antal [PAR] A gang of young thieves flee Paris during the violent aftermath of a political election, only to hole up at an Inn run by neo-Nazis. [PAR] Director: Xavier Gens [PAR] After kidnapping and brutally assaulting two young women, a gang unknowingly finds refuge at a vacation home belonging to the parents of one of the victims: a mother and father who devise an increasingly gruesome series of revenge tactics. [PAR] Director: Dennis Iliadis [PAR] A young couple staying in an isolated vacation home are terrorized by three unknown assailants. [PAR] Director: Bryan Bertino [PAR] Desperate to repay his debt to his ex-wife, an ex-con plots a heist at his new employer's country home, unaware that a second criminal has also targeted the property, and rigged it with a series of deadly traps. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neville Chamberlain - Military Wiki - Wikia Neville Chamberlain | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Unitarian [1] [PAR] Signature [PAR] Arthur Neville Chamberlain FRS [2] (18 March 1869 \u2013 9 November 1940) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the German-populated Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany . However when Adolf Hitler continued his aggression by invading Poland , Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, and Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of World War II . [PAR] After working in business and local government and after a short spell as Director of National Service in 1916 and 1917, Chamberlain followed his father, Joseph Chamberlain , and older half-brother, Austen Chamberlain , in becoming a member of parliament in the 1918 general election at age 49. He declined a junior ministerial position, remaining a backbencher until 1922. He was rapidly promoted in 1923 to Minister of Health and then Chancellor of the Exchequer. After a short Labour-led government, he returned as Minister of Health, introducing a range of reform measures from 1924 to 1929. He was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the National Government in 1931. [PAR] When Stanley Baldwin retired in May 1937, Chamberlain took his place as Prime Minister. His premiership was dominated by the question of policy toward the increasingly aggressive Germany, and his actions at Munich were widely popular among Britons at the time. When Hitler continued his aggression, Chamberlain pledged Britain to defend Poland's independence if the latter were attacked, an alliance that brought Britain into war when Germany attacked Poland in 1939. [PAR] Chamberlain resigned the premiership on 10 May 1940 after the Allies were forced to retreat from Norway , as he believed a government supported by all parties was essential, and the Labour and Liberal parties would not join a government headed by him. He was succeeded by Winston Churchill but remained very well regarded in Parliament, especially among Conservatives. Before ill health forced him to resign he was an important member of Churchill's War Cabinet , heading it in the new premier's absence. Chamberlain died of cancer six months after leaving the premiership. [PAR] Chamberlain's reputation remains controversial among historians, with the initial high regard for him being entirely eroded by books such as Guilty Men , published in July 1940, which blamed Chamberlain and his associates for the Munich accord and for allegedly failing to prepare the country for war. Most historians in the generation following Chamberlain's death held similar views, led by Churchill in The Gathering Storm . Some recent historians have taken a more favourable perspective of Chamberlain and his policies citing government papers released under the Thirty Year Rule . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Mason College, now the University of Birmingham [PAR] Chamberlain was born on 18 March 1869 in a house called Southbourne in the Edgbaston district of Birmingham. [3] He was the only son of the second marriage of Joseph Chamberlain who later became Mayor of Birmingham and a Cabinet minister. Joseph Chamberlain had had another son, Austen Chamberlain , by his first marriage. [4] Neville Chamberlain was educated at Rugby School. [5] Joseph Chamberlain then sent Neville to Mason College (the future University of Birmingham). [6] Neville Chamberlain had little interest in his studies there, and in 1889 his father apprenticed him to a firm of accountants. [7] Within"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lightning McQueen | Characters | Disney Cars Lightning McQueen | Characters | Disney Cars [PAR] Spinning - Tales From Radiator Springs [PAR] Cars Toon: Mater's Tall Tales [PAR] Sign spinning rises to an incredibly fun art form when Guido is inspired at Luigi\u2019s Casa Della Tires!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Irazu Volcano National Park - Go Visit Costa Rica Few sites compare to the majestic Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park - Go Visit Costa Rica [PAR] Few sites compare to the majestic Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Travelers with an eye for ecological diversity and unique landscapes have long traveled to Costa Rica to marvel at its golden Caribbean shores, its lush tropical rain forests and it's epic and impressive volcanoes - and few volcanoes have as grand a presence as the eponymous volcano of Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park . [PAR] View Photos [PAR] Iraz\u00fa Still Active [PAR] Iraz\u00fa is an enormous and still active volcano located in the central expanse of the Central American country a short car or bus ride from the cities of Cartago and San Jose . The mountainous volcano has been dubbed El Coloso (The Colossus) by the locals, due to its historical role in numerous catastrophes. Notable among these is the nearly three years of eruptions that occurred during a visit from former President John F. Kennedy in 1963. Allegedly the eruptions began on the day President Kennedy arrived for a state visit and showered ash and molten rock on neighboring cities, clogged the air with smoke and wrought serious damage on the surrounding area until 1965. [PAR] Nowadays the volcano is more passive and, as a result, Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park has developed into a popular tourist destination for both local and international tourists interested in the unique geographical anomalies that have resulted from this volcanic activity. Of these, the most interesting and beautiful may be the Diego de la Haya lake. Located in one of Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park's massive craters, Diego de la Haya is a bright green volcanic lake named after the former Governor of Cartago, Diego de la Haya Fern\u00e1ndez. [PAR] Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park [PAR] Travelers will find much to do in the park than just the volcano. Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park features a wealth of hiking and biking trails that will allow tourists to explore the beautiful and untamed natural beauty of the region. Trees within the surrounding forests have grown tall and strong thanks to the mineral-rich soil near the volcano, though the closer one gets to the tree lines, more gnarled and burnt the plants become until active craters still bustling with steam and fumaroles are all that can be seen. [PAR] While Iraz\u00fa Volcano National Park may lack some of the biodiversity of Costa Rica's other national parks, there are some unique creatures specific to the regions surrounding the famous volcano. Bird species in particular have adapted to volcano life, with the Volcano Junco (a relative of the common American sparrow) and the Volcano Hummingbird both making their homes in the forests surrounding Iraz\u00fa volcano. [PAR] Top Hotel Picks in Costa Rica [PAR] Sign Up for Javi's Newsletter [PAR] The Best of Costa Rica [PAR] Go Visit Costa Rica's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Far from the Madding Crowd (1967) - IMDb Far from the Madding Crowd (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Far from the Madding Crowd ( 1967 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] Bathsheba Everdene, a willful, flirtatious, young woman, unexpectedly inherits a large farm and is romantically pursued by three very different men. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Thomas Hardy (from the novel by), Frederic Raphael (screenplay) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] Airs Sun. Jan. 29, 2:00 PM on TCM [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 11 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 11 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 03 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: Far from the Madding Crowd (1967) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A vain, pretty girl has recently taken over her uncle's farm. Her independent, na\u00efve personality leaves her torn between the three men who wish to marry her. [PAR] Director: Nicholas Renton [PAR] In Victorian England, the independent and headstrong Bathsheba Everdene attracts three very different suitors: Gabriel Oak, a sheep farmer; Frank Troy, a reckless Sergeant; and William Boldwood, a prosperous and mature bachelor. [PAR] Director: Thomas Vinterberg [PAR] A beautiful but amoral model sleeps her way to the top of the London fashion scene at the height of the Swinging Sixties. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] A lazy, irresponsible young clerk in provincial Northern England lives in his own fantasy world and makes emotionally immature decisions as he alienates friends and family. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] A tale of torrid and forbidden love between a couple in the English countryside. [PAR] Director: Joseph Losey [PAR] After his girlfriend's pregnancy forces him to marry her, a young man must adjust to his new life and contend with his domineering mother-in-law. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] Divorced working woman Alex and well-to-do Jewish family doctor Daniel Hirsh share not only the same answering service but also the favours of young Bob Elkin who bed-hops between them as ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] Henry VIII of England discards one wife, Katharine of Aragon, who has failed to produce a male heir, in favor of the young and beautiful Anne Boleyn. [PAR] Director: Charles Jarrott [PAR] A girl farmer weds a faithless sergeant who is killed by her suitor, and realises she loves the bailiff. [PAR] Director: Laurence Trimble [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Based on Thomas Hardy's 19th century novel, Bathsheba Everdene is a willful, passionate girl who is never satisfied with anything less than a man's complete and helpless adoration. And she captures the lives and loves of three"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Simpsons Cartoon Studio - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia The Simpsons Cartoon Studio | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Simpsons Cartoon Studio [PAR] Share [PAR] The Simpsons Cartoon Studio [PAR] The Simpsons Cartoon Studio is a computer program based on the animated television series The Simpsons that was released for PC and Mac computers in 1996 by Fox Interactive. It allows users to create their own Simpsons cartoons, using characters, sounds, music, and locations from the show. The cast members of The Simpsons provided their voices for the program. The Simpsons Cartoon Studio has received generally positive reviews, although there has been some criticism too. The game was based on the Felix the Cat's Cartoon Toolbox. [PAR] Released: June 1, 1996 [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Gameplay [PAR] The Simpsons Cartoon Studio is a design program for creating cartoons using characters, sounds, music, and locations from the American animated television series The Simpsons. To create a cartoon, one first selects a background, then inserts characters, props, and special effects, and after that adds dialog, sound effects, and music. The program allows users to send the finished cartoons to friends through email or save it onto a hard drive or a floppy disk. [PAR] There are seventeen characters, fifty special effects, two-hundred-and-seventy props, and thirty-five backgrounds in The Simpsons Cartoon Studio, with thousands of individual cels hand-drawn by actual The Simpsons cartoonists. Every character has a set of actions; for example, Homer can crawl, ride on a tube, and run away screaming, while Bart can run, trip over, cycle, ride his skateboard, and paint graffiti with spray-paint. Backgrounds featured range from the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant to Bart's room. There are props include tables, furnitures, and it even includes animals like Santa's Little Helper , Snowball II and Blinky . [PAR] Development [PAR] The Simpsons Cartoon Studio was released for PC and Mac computers in the middle of 1996. It was developed and published by Fox Interactive, and uses an improved version of the interface from Felix the Cat's Cartoon Toolbox that was developed by Big Top Productions. The dialogs featured in the program were provided by the actual cast members of The Simpsons. [PAR] Receptions [PAR] Critics gave The Simpsons Cartoon Studio generally favorable reviews, and it received a lot of hype in the United States around the time it was released. A reviewer for The Palm Beach Post wrote that it is not very easy to create the cartoons: \"Layering characters, props, sound effects and dialogue into seamless animation is no small task, and you'll invest a good chunk of time with this CD-ROM before you're ready to premiere your own Simpsons episodes. But if you're fan enough to go the distance, this is a remarkably versatile program that turns out great-looking cartoons.\" Similarly, Jane Clifford of The San Diego Union-Tribune called it \"quite a challenging product\" which produces cartoons that \"really look professional.\" Benjamin Svetkey of Entertainment Weekly gave it a B+ rating, commenting that the cartoons created \"can be entertaining, but they're hampered by a failing common to the make-your-own-movie genre: Since Cartoon Studio has a limited number of voice clips ('Ay, caramba!', 'Mmm... donuts', and about 50 variations on 'Bart!'), your plot choices are restricted to the usual pranks, pratfalls, and catchphrases. Still, as Homer would say, The Simpsons Cartoon Studio is more 'Woohoo!' than 'D'oh!'.\" [PAR] Wired's Erika Milvy commented that \"Fox's Simpsons Cartoon Studio may be more the '90s answer to Colorforms than a finely tuned animation resource, but dang if it isn't fun to watch Smithers and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yarborough - definition of yarborough by The Free Dictionary Yarborough - definition of yarborough by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Yarborough - definition of yarborough by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/yarborough [PAR] Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] yar\u00b7bor\u00b7ough [PAR] n. Games [PAR] A bridge or whist hand containing no honor cards. [PAR] [After Charles Anderson Worsley, Second Earl of Yarborough (1809-1897), said to have bet 1,000 to 1 that such a hand would not occur.] [PAR] yarborough [PAR] (\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0b\u0259r\u0259; -br\u0259) [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Bridge) bridge whist a hand of 13 cards in which no card is higher than nine [PAR] 2. (Card Games) bridge whist a hand of 13 cards in which no card is higher than nine [PAR] [C19: supposed to be named after the second Earl of Yarborough (1809\u201362), who is said to have bet a thousand to one against the occurrence of such a hand] [PAR] Yar\u2022bor\u2022ough [PAR] (\u02c8y\u0251r\u02ccb\u025cr o\u028a, -\u02ccb\u028cr o\u028a; esp. Brit. -b\u0259r \u0259) [PAR] n. [PAR] a hand in bridge or whist in which no card is higher than a nine. [PAR] [1895\u20131900; after the 2nd Earl of Yarborough (d. 1897), said to have bet 1000 to 1 against its occurrence][DOC] [TLE] Yarborough | Define Yarborough at Dictionary.com Yarborough | Define Yarborough at Dictionary.com [PAR] Yarborough [PAR] [yahr-bur-oh, -buhr-oh or, esp. British, -ber-uh] /\u02c8y\u0251r\u02ccb\u025cr o\u028a, -\u02ccb\u028cr o\u028a or, esp. British, -b\u0259r \u0259/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] a hand in which no card is higher than a nine. [PAR] Origin of Yarborough [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1895-1900 [PAR] 1895-1900; after the 2nd Earl of Yarborough (died 1897), said to have bet 1000 to 1 against its occurrence [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for Yarborough [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] The Fighting Chance Robert W. Chambers [PAR] A booth with literature, posters, etc., was established in the Yarborough Hotel. [PAR] American Adventures Julian Street [PAR] Ere long you come to Yarborough House, a stately mansion standing embowered by trees about a furlong from the shore. [PAR] The Later works of Titian Claude Phillips [PAR] Yarborough kept on saying in an excited voice, \"Have they shot the President?\" [PAR] Warren Commission (5 of 26): Hearings Vol. V (of 15) The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy [PAR] He died in 1805, childless, and the property passed to the Earl of Yarborough in right of his wife. [PAR] Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 Various [PAR] I ascertained that Mrs. Johnson and Senator Yarborough were all right. [PAR] Warren Commission (5 of 26): Hearings Vol. V (of 15) The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Yarborough [PAR] Expand [PAR] (bridge, whist) a hand of 13 cards in which no card is higher than nine [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C19: supposed to be named after the second Earl of Yarborough (1809\u201362), who is said to have bet a thousand to one against the occurrence of such a hand [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does ecdysiast mean? definition and meaning (Free ... What does ecdysiast mean? definition and meaning (Free English Language Dictionary) [PAR] Gypsy Rose Lee ; Lee ; Rose Louise Hovick (United States striptease artist who became famous on Broadway in the 1930s (1914-1970)) [PAR] Learn English with... Proverbs of the week [PAR] \"Eat when you're hungry, and drink when you're dry.\" (English proverb) [PAR] \"Any new saint-to-be has his miracles to make\" (Breton proverb) [PAR] \"No one knows a son better than the father.\" (Chinese proverb) [PAR] \"An idle man is up to no good.\" (Corsican proverb) [PAR] ECDYSIAST: related words searches[DOC] [TLE] ecdysiast - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com ecdysiast - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] ecdysiast [PAR] n a performer who provides erotic entertainment by undressing to music [PAR] Synonyms: [PAR] United States striptease artist who became famous on Broadway in the 1930s (1914-1970) [PAR] Type of: [PAR] an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience [PAR] Word Family [PAR] Usage Examples [PAR] Sign up, it's free! [PAR] Whether you're a student, an educator, or a life-long learner, Vocabulary.com can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Official West Side Story Web Site -- FAQ The Official West Side Story Web Site -- FAQ [PAR] 15. Can you suggest some topics for an essay about West Side Story? [PAR] 1. How does West Side Story compare to Romeo & Juliet? [PAR] WSS is a modern day adaptation of the timeless classic by William Shakespeare. They both involve two young people that fall in love, but are kept apart by their friends/families. This causes grave consequences. [PAR] For more information, please read Jack Gottleib's West Side Story fact sheet . [PAR] 2. Where does it take place? [PAR] West Side Story takes place on the west side of Manhattan, New York City. Most of the scenes take place in the streets, playground, on the roof, at Doc's or under the highway. [PAR] 3. When does it take place? [PAR] West Side Story is set in the mid 1950's, when many Puerto Ricans moved to NYC. [PAR] 4. What's the basic plot? [PAR] For a full plot summary of West Side Story, please visit Music Theater International's WSS page . [PAR] 5. Who are the main characters and who played them in the movie and original broadway version? [PAR] Riff, leader of the Jets [PAR] Bernardo, leader of the Sharks [PAR] Maria, Bernardo's little sister [PAR] Tony, a founder of the Jets [PAR] Doc, owner of Doc's store/Tony's boss [PAR] Anita, Bernardo's girlfriend [PAR] Ice, one of the toughest Jets [PAR] Lt. Shrank, police officer [PAR] To find out who played each character, visit the WSS Archives Major Productions page . [PAR] 6. Where are the gangs from? [PAR] The Jets are from Manhattan. They have ruled their \"turf\" for years, after defeating the Emeralds. The Sharks are from Puerto Rico. They have just recently come to NY, and want a \"turf\" of their own. [PAR] 7. Who wrote West Side Story? [PAR] West Side Story is based on a conception by Jerome Robbins. [PAR] Book by Arthur Laurents [PAR] Entire Original Production Directed and Choreographed by Jerome Robbins [PAR] Orchestrations by Leonard Bernstein with Sid Ramin and Irwin Kostal [PAR] Film Version: [PAR] Directed by: Robert Wise & Jerome Robbins [PAR] Screenplay: Ernest Lehman [PAR] Choreography: Jerome Robbins [PAR] 8. When was West Side Story written? [PAR] Jerome Robbins' proposed the idea for writing a musical based on Romeo and Juliet to Leonard Bernstein in January of 1949 (working title: East Side Story, set in the slums at the coincidence of Easter-Passover celebrations). In August of 1955, a meeting with Arthur Laurents produced another idea -- two teen-age gangs as the warring factions, one of them newly-arrived Puerto Ricans, the other self-styled \"Americans.\" In November, 1955 Stephen Sondheim joined the project as lyricist. A year and a half later, rehearsals began for the Broadway premiere of West Side Story. [PAR] For more about the development of WSS, please read The Growth of an Idea by Arthur Laurents, New York Herald Tribune, 8/4/57. [PAR] 9. Where was West Side Story first performed? [PAR] The stage version of West Side Story opened in previews/tryouts on August 20, 1957 in Washington D.C. Following this and another preview engagement in Philadelphia, the musical opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theater, September 26, 1957. [PAR] The film version was released on October 18, 1961 [PAR] 10. How are the movie and the stage version different? [PAR] While the movie version of West Side Story is among the most faithful of Hollywood adaptations, a number of changes were made in translating the work to film, some to suit the medium,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] HAJJ IS THE PILGRIMAGE TO CITY MAKKAH \u2013 bestumrahpackages HAJJ IS THE PILGRIMAGE TO CITY MAKKAH \u2013 bestumrahpackages [PAR] WordPress.com [PAR] HAJJ IS THE PILGRIMAGE TO CITY MAKKAH [PAR] The Hajj (pilgrimage to city Makkah) is the 5th of the basic Muslim practices and institutions well-known as the 5 pillars of Islam. Pilgrimage is made to the Holy Kaaba, found in the holy city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia, the \u2018House of ALLAH Almighty,\u2019 whose sanctity rests in that the Hazrat Ibraheem (AS) built it for the worship of ALLAH Almighty. ALLAH Almighty rewarded him by attributing the House to himself, in essence honouring it, and by making it the devotional epicentre which all Muslims face when offering the namaz or prayers. The rites and the rituals of pilgrimage are performed today exactly as did by Hazrat Ibraheem (AS) and after him by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). [PAR] Pilgrimage is viewed as a particularly praiseworthy activity. Pilgrimage serves as a penance, the ultimate pardon for sins, devotion, and extreme spirituality. The pilgrimage to Makkah, the most holy city in Islam, is required of all financially and physically able Muslims once in their life. The pilgrimage rite starts a few months after Holy Ramadan, in the month last month of Zil-Hajj on the 8th day, and ends on the 13th day. Makkah is the center towards which the Muslims meet once a year, meet and revive in themselves the faith that all Muslims are equivalent and deserve the sympathy and love of others, irrespective of their race or racial origin. [PAR] Therefore the pilgrimage unites the Muslims of the globe into one international fraternity. More than 2 million persons perform the Hajj each year, and the rite serves as a unifying power in Islam by bringing Muslims of diverse backgrounds together in worship. In few Muslim societies, once a Muslim has made the pilgrimage, he is often labelled with the title \u2018hajji\u2019; this, though, is a cultural, rather than religious custom. [PAR] Finally, the Hajj is a manifestation of the faith in the oneness of ALLAH Almighty, all the pilgrims worship and obey the orders and commands of the One ALLAH Almighty. [PAR] At certain stations on the caravan routes to Makkah, or when the pilgrim passes the nearest point to those stations, the pilgrim enters the state of purity well-known as ihram. In this state, the particular \u2018normal\u2019 actions of the day and night become prohibited and impermissible for the pilgrims, such as clipping the fingernails, covering the head, and wearing normal garments in regards to men. Males remove their daily wears and don the garments particular to this state of ihram, 2 white seamless sheets that are wrapped around the body in a prescribed way. All this increases the sanctity and reverence of the pilgrimage, the city of Makkah, and month of Zil-Hijjah. After entering into the state of ihram, the pilgrim proceeds to Makkah and awaits the start of the Hajj. [PAR] kaabahtours.co.uk is one of the authorized Hajj and Umrah travel agent based in UK offers a range of Affordable Saudi Umrah Visa from UK. [PAR] Share this:[DOC] [TLE] The Hajj - The Pilgrimage to Mecca - The Islamic Bulletin The Hajj - The Pilgrimage to Mecca [PAR] Homepage > Newsletters > Issue 8 [PAR] The Hajj [PAR] The Hajj--the Pilgrimage to Mecca--is essentially a series of rites performed in and near Mecca, the holiest of the three holy cities of Islam--Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. As it is one of the five pillars of Islam, all believers, if they are financially and physically able, must make"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RSM \u2013 Dictionary definition of RSM | Encyclopedia.com ... RSM - Dictionary definition of RSM | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary [PAR] RSM [PAR] The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations [PAR] \u00a9 The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations 1998, originally published by Oxford University Press 1998. [PAR] RSM regimental sergeant major [PAR] \u2022 international vehicle registration for Republic of San Marino [PAR] \u2022 Royal School of Mines [PAR] \u2022 Royal Society of Musicians of Great Britain [PAR] Cite this article [PAR] Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. [PAR] MLA [PAR] \" RSM. \" The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. . Encyclopedia.com. 20 Jan. 2017 < http://www.encyclopedia.com >. [PAR] \"RSM.\" The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 20, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/rsm [PAR] \"RSM.\" The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. . Retrieved January 20, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/rsm [PAR] Learn more about citation styles [PAR] Citation styles [PAR] Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). [PAR] Within the \u201cCite this article\u201d tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. [PAR] Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Therefore, it\u2019s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication\u2019s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: [PAR] Modern Language Association"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shaun the Sheep aims to expand his flock with a big-screen ... Shaun the Sheep aims to expand his flock with a big-screen adventure | Film | The Guardian [PAR] Shaun the Sheep aims to expand his flock with a big-screen adventure [PAR] Aardman Animations teams ups with French broadcasting giant StudioCanal to give Nick Park's creation his own movie [PAR] Shaun the Sheep is the creation of Wallace and Gromit's Nick Park [PAR] Friday 26 April 2013 07.40 EDT [PAR] First published on Friday 26 April 2013 07.40 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 3 years old [PAR] Shaun the Sheep, the animated character created by Wallace and Gromit's Nick Park, is to get his own movie, it was announced today . [PAR] Shaun first appeared in A Close Shave, the third Wallace and Gromit film from 1995 that went on to win the Oscar for best animated short. He then became the central character in a CBBC TV series that was first broadcast in 2007. The film's plot is described as an \"epic adventure\" in which \"Shaun, Bitzer and the flock have to go to the big city to rescue [the Farmer]\". [PAR] The UK's Aardman Animations, which has created all the Wallace and Gromit films as well as more recent work such as Arthur Christmas and The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists , is teaming up with the French-owned powerhouse StudioCanal to make the film. It will be directed by Richard Starzak (aka Goleszowski), creative director on the Shaun the Sheep TV series for the last five years, and Mark Burton, co-writer of Curse of the Were-Rabbit . [PAR] David Sproxton, Aardman's executive chairman and a producer on The Pirates! said: \"Shaun and his friends have a massive global following and we are very excited about being able to put them into a bigger adventure for the big screen.\" Olivier Courson, StudioCanal's CEO, said: \"Shaun is a character you love at first sight whatever your age. We are really happy to work with Aardman; it's such a talented team.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of St. Petersburg under Vladimir Lenin History of St. Petersburg under Vladimir Lenin [PAR] St. Petersburg (Petrograd) under Lenin: The Civil War and its aftermath [PAR] St. Petersburg (Petrograd) under Lenin: The Civil War and its aftermath (1918-1924) [PAR] Lenin may have become the ruler of Russia and Petrograd the first socialist capital, but a successful revolution here did not mean that the rest of the country had obediently followed suit. There were still vast territories that did not recognize Bolshevik rule. Although Lenin quickly negotiated a devastating separate peace with Germany which resulted in the loss of enormous tracts of land, the country itself erupted into brutal Civil War as Tsarist forces clashed with Red Guards. In this perilous situation, Russia's capital was, after a two hundred year interlude on the Neva, returned to Moscow, a greater distance from the insecure border, in March 1918. [PAR] Parade of delegates across the Field of Mars to a session of the Second Congress of the Comintern. Petrograd, 19 July 1919 [PAR] Petrograd experienced mass exodus. The government bureaucracy with its attendant hordes of ministers, clerks, and military personnel relocated to Moscow, able-bodied men were embroiled in the Civil War, and civilians absconded to the countryside where food was easier to procure. Likewise, the wealthy and aristocratic, a targeted class under the new regime of workers and peasants, fled to safer grounds. Vladimir Nabokov, who had spent his childhood in a luxurious mansion within the shadow of St. Isaac's Cathedral, escaped on the last ship out of Sebastopol. Rasputin's aristocratic murderer Felix Yusupov - jewels and two Rembrandts in hand - was part of the royal entourage that crammed onto a warship in Yalta, kindly provided by the British for the Tsar's mother. Those who remained often ended up corpses: four Grand Dukes, including the Tsar's uncle, were shot in the Peter and Paul Fortress in 1918. As a result of this turmoil, in four years the population of the city was reduced by more than two-thirds, sinking from 2,400,000 in 1916 to 740,000 in 1920. [PAR] Vladimir Lenin presents a report on the international situation at a session of the Second Congress of the Comintern. Petrograd, 19 July 1919 [PAR] Photo by Karl Bulla [PAR] Meanwhile, the battle for political education was also under way. Geographical signposts were used to educate the populace in the ideas and ideals of the new regime and to eliminate associations with St. Petersburg's imperial and religious past. As it was clearly impossible for a self-respecting socialist city to have one of its main waterways named in honour of Catherine the Great, the Ekaterinsky Canal was renamed Canal Griboedova in 1923, after the nineteenth century aristocratic author and diplomat who Soviet historians rather improbably deemed an honorary Marxist. [PAR] Gathering of workers from the Putilovskiy Factory for elections to the Petrograd Soviet [PAR] Street names with religious overtones were likewise deemed inappropriate by the atheistic government. Thus, the square in front of the Moscow Railway Station, previously called Znamenskaya Ploshchad after the nearby Church of Our Lady of the Sign (Znamenskaya Tserkov ), was renamed Ploshchad Vosstaniya (\"Uprising Square\") to commemorate the numerous revolutionary protests that had occurred here (the church itself was torn down in 1940, a fate which befell many churches throughout the land). In 1918, the city's grand central avenue, Nevsky Prospekt, was rechristened Ulitsa Proletkulta after the Organization of Proletarian Culture and Enlightenment, a short-lived experimental artistic institution (the Soviet passion for snappy portmanteau abbreviations quickly came to dominate not only the official language of the era, but also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Project MUSE - \u201cA Relic from the Cave of Pope\u201d: Drawings ... Project MUSE - \u201cA Relic from the Cave of Pope\u201d: Drawings of the Grotto in an Extra-Illustrated Plan of Mr. Pope\u2019s Garden in the Huntington Library [PAR] \u201cA Relic from the Cave of Pope\u201d: [PAR] Drawings of the Grotto in an Extra-Illustrated Plan of Mr. Pope\u2019s Garden in the Huntington Library [PAR] J. Vanessa Lyon (bio) [PAR] abstract [PAR] Alexander Pope\u2019s Twickenham grotto was one of the most famous in England. The poet continuously renovated and expanded his \u201csacred cave\u201d from 1725 until his death in 1744. But while the grotto\u2019s picturesque Thames-side exterior was widely reproduced in prints and paintings throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, only a handful of images depicting the site\u2019s fictively ruinous interior are known today. This essay proposes an addition to the visual culture of Popeiana in the form of six previously unpublished period drawings. The images are examined in light of their proto-gothic qualities as well as the Catholic poet\u2019s pastoral retirement, artistic connections, and possible Jacobite leanings. [PAR] keywords [PAR] eighteenth-century landscape design, architectural drawings, gothicism and neoclassicism, Jonathan Richardson, William Kent [PAR] an intriguing set [PAR] of what appear to be eighteenth-century drawings of the grotto of Alexander Pope promises to enrich our understanding of the appearance and allure of this ingenious feature of the poet\u2019s Twickenham villa and garden. Unsigned and, to my knowledge, published here for the first time, five of the six careful but confidently executed drawings ( figs. 1 \u2013 6 ) depict individual, cave-like structures, while the sixth shows double doors in an elaborate surround surmounted by a large urn. Although the drawings primarily depict the faces of the dark, rough-hewn interiors to which they provide variable degrees of visual access, none of the sheets is labeled, nor are the entrances explicitly rendered as individual components of a larger architectural project. Nonetheless, due to their structural differences and stylistic similarities, one might sensibly assume that the drawings are first thoughts or preliminary sketches undertaken of or for the same site. From this perspective it is possible to read them not so much as variations on a theme (or practically speaking, multiple potential design [End Page 441] [PAR] Click for larger view [PAR] View full resolution [PAR] Figure 1. [PAR] Unattributed drawing bound in Huntington Library, 106623, an extra-illustrated copy of John Serle, Plan of Mr. Pope\u2019s Garden (London, 1745). [PAR] Click for larger view [PAR] Unattributed drawing bound in Huntington Library, 106623. [PAR] [End Page 442] [PAR] Unattributed drawing bound in Huntington Library, 106623. [PAR] Click for larger view [PAR] Unattributed drawing bound in Huntington Library, 106623. [PAR] [End Page 443] [PAR] schemes proposed for the same single location) as independent if interrelated architectural solutions for various parts of a larger, decidedly eclectic, whole. Despite the drawings\u2019 anonymous status, there are good reasons to surmise that they are rare interior views of Pope\u2019s grotto either as it was or as he envisioned it could be during some stage of its re/construction from 1725 to 1744. [PAR] Click for larger view [PAR] Figure 5. [PAR] Unattributed drawing bound in Huntington Library, 106623. [PAR] The six unattributed drawings are bound in the Huntington Library\u2019s extra-illustrated copy of the Plan of Mr. Pope\u2019s Garden (1745), written and illustrated by the poet\u2019s longtime gardener, John Serle. The book\u2019s binding dates from the late nineteenth century. 1 But the \u201cextra\u201d elements added to Serle\u2019s text suggest a keen interest in some lesser-known features of Pope\u2019s famously artful garden and his grotto in particular. An avid collector"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) - IMDb Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Ted Kramer's wife leaves her husband, allowing for a lost bond to be rediscovered between Ted and his son, Billy. But a heated custody battle ensues over the divorced couple's son, deepening the wounds left by the separation. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Avery Corman (from the novel by), Robert Benton (written for the screen by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 22 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 10 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 04 Oct 2015 [PAR] Title: Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 32 wins & 23 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt's father left a fortune to his savant brother Raymond and a pittance to Charlie; they travel cross-country. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] An old Jewish woman and her African-American chauffeur in the American South have a relationship that grows and improves over the years. [PAR] Director: Bruce Beresford [PAR] The accidental death of the older son of an affluent family deeply strains the relationships among the bitter mother, the good-natured father, and the guilt-ridden younger son. [PAR] Director: Robert Redford [PAR] In 20th-century colonial Kenya, a Danish baroness/plantation owner has a passionate love affair with a free-spirited big-game hunter. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] A naive hustler travels from Texas to New York to seek personal fortune but, in the process, finds himself a new friend. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] Follows hard-to-please Aurora looking for love and her daughter's family problems. [PAR] Director: James L. Brooks [PAR] Lt. John Dunbar, exiled to a remote western Civil War outpost, befriends wolves and Indians, making him an intolerable aberration in the military. [PAR] Director: Kevin Costner [PAR] At the close of WWII, a young nurse tends to a badly-burned plane crash victim. His past is shown in flashbacks, revealing an involvement in a fateful love affair. [PAR] Director: Anthony Minghella [PAR] Michael Dorsey, an unsuccessful actor, disguises himself as a woman in order to get a role on a trashy hospital soap. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] The story of the final Emperor of China. [PAR] Director: Bernardo Bertolucci [PAR] A young Shakespeare, out of ideas and short of cash, meets his ideal woman and is inspired to write one of his most famous plays. [PAR] Director: John Madden [PAR] Murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows in 1920s Chicago. [PAR] Director: Rob Marshall [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Ted Kramer is a career man for whom his work comes before his family. His wife Joanna cannot take this anymore, so she decides to leave him. Ted is now faced with the tasks of housekeeping and taking care of himself and their young son Billy."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CD in Roman Numerals | InRomanNumerals.com CD in Roman Numerals | InRomanNumerals.com [PAR] CD in Roman Numerals [PAR] The Roman Numerals CD represents 400 [PAR] Decimal Number [PAR] People find this page searching for: [PAR] what does CD mean in roman numerals[DOC] [TLE] Roman Numeral Converter to Convert To and From Whole Roman Numeral Converter to Convert To and From Whole Numbers [PAR] [ Skip to Calculator ] [PAR] The Roman Numeral Converter on this page will convert Roman numerals to numbers and visa versa, and show its work. [PAR] This free online numeral calculator will convert Roman numerals into Arabic numbers and visa versa, plus display a conversion chart showing exactly how it arrived at the translation. [PAR] Plus, unlike other online conversion calculators, if you enter an invalid Roman numeral, the calculator on this page will even alert you to which rule or rules were broken by your entry. [PAR] Finally, the Roman numeral converter also provides a feature that will allow you to create your own custom, printable Roman numerals chart: 1-20, 1-100, 101-200, or whichever span of numbers you choose. Cool! [PAR] How to Read Roman Numerals [PAR] The first step in learning how to read Roman numerals is to familiarize yourself with the Arabic value represented by each letter -- which can be seen in the following chart: [PAR] Arabic Value of Roman Numerals [PAR] 1 [PAR] D [PAR] M [PAR] The next step in learning how to read Roman numerals is to become aware of how the placement of numerals impacts the translated value. In that regard, there are two rules you need to be aware of when attempting to translate the numerals into values: [PAR] If a letter representing an equal or greater value is placed directly in front of a letter representing an equal or smaller value, the two values are simply added together. For example, \"XX\" would translate to \"20\" and \"XI\" would translate to \"11\". [PAR] If a letter representing a smaller value is placed directly in front of a letter representing a larger value, the smaller value is subtracted from the larger value. For example, \"IX\" would translate to \"9\" and \"IV\" would translate to \"4\". [PAR] The following conversion chart shows how you would read the Roman numeral \"MMMCDLXII\" -- which includes instances of both addition and subtraction: [PAR] How to Read the Roman Numeral \"MMMCDLXII\" [PAR] Place [PAR] = [PAR] 3462 [PAR] Notice that in the 100s line, \"CD\" indicates a subtraction because \"C\" (100) is less than the \"D\" (500) it precedes. The above is how the Roman Numeral Converter shows its work. [PAR] How to Write Roman Numerals [PAR] In addition to the rules you have learned for reading Roman numerals, there are a few more rules you need to know when writing Roman numerals. [PAR] A letter cannot be repeated more than 3 times in succession, and only powers of 10 can be repeated. In other words, \"CCCC\" is invalid, and \"VVV\" is invalid (5 is not a power of 10). The correct way to write 400, would be \"CD\" (500 - 100 = 400), and the correct way to write 15 would be \"XV\" (10 + 5 = 15). [PAR] Only powers of 10 (1, 10, 100) can be subtracted from a larger value. Therefore you could not write 5 as \"VX\" (10 - 5 = 5) because 5 is not a power of 10. [PAR] Only a single smaller value may precede a larger value. This means you could not write 3 as \"IIV\" (5 - 1 - 1 ="
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] June Solstice - Summer and Winter Solstice June Solstice - Summer and Winter Solstice [PAR] Equinoxes and solstices from 2000\u20132049 [PAR] Zenith Furthest Away from the Equator [PAR] A solstice happens when the sun's zenith is at its furthest point from the equator. On the June solstice, it reaches its northernmost point and the Earth\u2019s North Pole tilts directly towards the sun, at about 23.4 degrees . [PAR] It's also known as the northern solstice because it occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere. [PAR] 11 Facts About the June Solstice [PAR] Meaning of Solstice [PAR] 'Solstice' (Latin: 'solstitium') means 'sun-stopping'. The point on the horizon where the sun appears to rise and set, stops and reverses direction after this day. On the solstice, the sun does not rise precisely in the east, but rises to the north of east and sets to the north of west, meaning it's visible in the sky for a longer period of time. [PAR] Although the June solstice marks the first day of astronomical summer, it's more common to use meteorological definitions of seasons, making the solstice midsummer or midwinter. [PAR] Stonehenge in England. [PAR] Solstices in Culture [PAR] Over the centuries, the June solstice has inspired countless festivals, midsummer celebrations and religious holidays. [PAR] One of the world's oldest evidence of the Summer Solstice's importance in culture is Stonehenge in England, a megalithic structure which clearly marks the moment of the June Solstice. [PAR] In the Southern Hemisphere, where the June solstice is known as the shortest day of the year, it marks the first day of astronomical winter, but the middle of winter in meteorological terms. [PAR] Midnight Sun or Polar Night? [PAR] On the June solstice, the midnight sun is visible ( weather permitting ) throughout the night, in all areas from just south of the Arctic Circle to the North Pole. [PAR] On the other side of the planet, south of the Antarctic Circle there's Polar Night, meaning no Sunlight at all, on the June Solstice. [PAR] Solstice Dates Vary [PAR] Even though most people consider June 21 as the date of the June Solstice, it can happen anytime between June 20 and June 22, depending on which time zone you're in. June 22 Solstices are rare - the last June 22 Solstice in UTC time took place in 1975 and there won't be another one until 2203. [PAR] The varying dates of the solstice are mainly due to the calendar system \u2013 most western countries use the Gregorian calendar which has 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a Leap Year . [PAR] A tropical year is the time it takes the Earth to orbit once around the Sun. It is around 365.242199 days long, but varies slightly from year to year because of the influence of other planets. The exact orbital and daily rotational motion of the Earth, such as the \u201cwobble\u201d in the Earth's axis (precession of the equinoxes), also contributes to the changing solstice dates. [PAR] Moving to Other Seasons [PAR] Equinoxes and Solstices [PAR] Equinoxes and Solstices happen twice a year, but not always on the same date. [PAR] After the June solstice, the sun follows a lower and lower path through the sky each day in the Northern Hemisphere until it reaches the point where the length of daylight is about 12 hours and eight to nine minutes in areas that are about 30 degrees north or south of the equator. [PAR] Areas 60 degrees north or south of the equator"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley In Concert Elvis Presley In Concert [PAR] Lost That Dream, Chaos Indeed [PAR] College Park, Maryland [PAR] September 27, 1974 [PAR] By Forest George [PAR] One day you are the King of the Jungle, loved by millions. The next day you are almost at Rock Bottom, panned by critics, businessmen and a few fans, but still loved by millions. In 1974, Elvis Presley went out on tour and knocked them dead over and over again with incredible concerts. Several imports and FTD albums have covered 1974 from the March tour, the June tour, the Tahoe engagements, the two Vegas engagements, and his final tour of the year from September 27-October 9, 1974. [PAR] During the final Vegas stint, a turning point began that would affect Elvis for the rest of his life. He had seemingly prepared himself for a 1974 revival in Vegas much like his 1970 \"That's The Way It Is\" revival four years earlier. He had prepared a different set list to open his August 19, 1974 Vegas season. A mixture of his old 1972 set-list, and some songs from current albums that he had never sang before. These included opening with \"Big Boss Man,\" and singing \"Down In The Alley,\" and \"Good Time Charlie Got The Blues.\" Most Elvis fans assumed the Vegas crowd had not appreciated the changes. Elvis would return to his usual set-list he had used all year, opening with \"See See Rider\" and following with \"I Got A Woman\" as usual for the rest of the engagement. [PAR] In hindsight, even if the changes had been accepted, Elvis still had his drug use issues, and had almost OD' a couple of times in 1974, according to Linda Thompson on the documentary The Last Day's Of Elvis. The two broke up, albeit shortly, during the summer, and Elvis' behavior was already becoming erratic. He had been experimenting with different drugs during the summer. The Vegas stint was successful as usual, but as the Vegas season winded down, Elvis was wound up with a lot of aggression. He ended up cussing out a heckler during an August 30 midnight show. On September 2, 1974, Elvis would perform his final Vegas show for the season, and the songs were performed adequately, but the key point of the show were the strange dialogues on different subjects. These subjects included Karate; Bill Cosby; flirting with his ex-wife and trashing her current boyfriend, Mike Stone; flirting with his \"girlfriend of the month,\" Sheila Ryan; his liver biopsy; his diamond rings; and the most infamous drugs dialogue ever. One of the only few times Elvis openly denied that he never had done drugs and went into a tirade against \"movie magazines.\" [PAR] The concert known by the fans, as \"Desert Storm,\" would have been enough of a story itself. With the season over, however, many would have felt the worst was over. Elvis, however, had another tour to perform in less than three weeks and apparently the stress and the drug use had finally reached him to his breaking point. [PAR] September 27, 1974 was the opening night of his fall tour and it began in College Park, Maryland. He would perform two shows on two different nights, and for years it would rumored that both of these shows had been the worse performances Elvis ever gave on stage up to that point. Stein Eric Skar, of Elvis: The Concert Years noted a story of Elvis arriving to College park, that he simply fell out of the car. \"Lying on the ground he refused help from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abecedarian | Define Abecedarian at Dictionary.com Abecedarian | Define Abecedarian at Dictionary.com [PAR] abecedarian [PAR] [ey-bee-see-dair-ee-uh n] /\u02cce\u026a bi si\u02c8d\u025b\u0259r i \u0259n/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] a person who is learning the letters of the alphabet. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a beginner in any field of learning. [PAR] adjective [PAR] of or relating to the alphabet. [PAR] 4. [PAR] 1595-1605; < Medieval Latin abeced\u0101ri\u0101nus. See abecedary , -an [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for abecedarian [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] And that's pocket change compared to abecedarian, which cost an amazing $90,000 per student in today's dollars. [PAR] Can We Really Give Everyone Access to High Quality Preschool? Megan McArdle February 12, 2013 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] A man may always study, but he must not always go to school what a contemptible thing is an old abecedarian![DOC] [TLE] Abecedarian dictionary definition | abecedarian defined Abecedarian dictionary definition | abecedarian defined [PAR] Someone who is learning the alphabet. [Early 17th century.] [PAR] An elementary student, a novice ; one in the early steps of learning. [Early 17th century.] [PAR] (archaic) Someone engaged in teaching the alphabet; an elementary teacher; one that teaches the methods and principles of learning. [Early 17th century.] [PAR] (rhetoric) A work which uses words or lines in alphabetical order. [PAR] Adjective [PAR] (comparative more abecedarian, superlative most abecedarian) [PAR] (now rare) Pertaining to someone learning the alphabet or basic studies; elementary ; rudimentary . [Mid 17th century.] [PAR] Pertaining to the alphabet, or several alphabets. [Mid 17th century.] [PAR] Arranged in an alphabetical manner. [Mid 17th century.] [PAR] Relating to or resembling an abecedarius . [PAR] Origin [PAR] From Late Latin abecedarius (from the first four letters of the Latin alphabet + -arius). Equivalent to abecedary +\u200e -an. Compare abecedary . [PAR] Noun [PAR] (plural Abecedarians) [PAR] (historical) A member of a 16th-century Anabaptist sect, follower of the Zwickau prophets (specially of Thomas Storch), who believed that any kind of knowledge (even basic reading and writing) would keep one from reaching obtaining salvation. [from 19th c.] [PAR] Origin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] philo-, -philia (love, fondness for, attraction to) words ... philo-, -philia (love, fondness for, attraction to) words: namatophilous to oxyphilous, part 6 of 10. [PAR] Philo Words: \u0093namatophilous\u0094 to \u0093oxyphilous\u0094, [PAR] Part 6 of 10 [PAR] Words that include: philo-, phil-, -phile, -philia, -philic, [PAR] -philous, -phily, -philiac, -philist, -philism [PAR] (Greek: love, loving, friendly to, fondness for, attraction to, strong tendency toward, affinity for). [PAR] namatophilous, namatophile, namatophily: [PAR] In biology, dwelling and thriving in brooks and streams. [PAR] namzlikophilist: [PAR] A collector of prayer rugs. [PAR] nanophilia: [PAR] A strong sexual attraction to short or small people. [PAR] napcarrephilis: [PAR] A collector of handkerchiefs. [PAR] narratophilia: [PAR] In psychiatry, a sexual perversion in which sexual arousal and orgasm are dependent upon uttering obscene words or telling \u0093dirty stories\u0094 to the sex partner; the same term is also used for the sexual perversion in which the subject must read or listen to such stories in order to become aroused and achieve orgasm. [PAR] nautumephilist: [PAR] A collector of naval uniforms. [PAR] necrocoleopterophilous, necrocoleopterophily: [PAR] In biology, pollinated by carrion beetles. [PAR] necroentomophilous, necroentomophily: [PAR] In biology, fertilized by carrion beetles. [PAR] necrophile, necrophilic, necrophilist, necrophilism: [PAR] In psychiatry, one who is morbidly attracted to corpses; also attributed and figuratively, a morbid fancy for the dead, or for contact with dead bodies. An obsessive fascination with death and corpses. [PAR] A paraphilia [sexual perversion], whose condition is that the love object, whether heterosexual or homosexual, must be dead before orgasm can be achieved. [PAR] Psychiatric Dictionary, 7th ed., by Robert J. Campbell [PAR] necrophilia: [PAR] In psychiatry, A paraphilia whose condition is that the love object, whether heterosexual or homosexual, must be dead before orgasm can be achieved. Although a rare perversion overall, it is claimed by some that morticians, undertakers, etc., contribute a relatively high proportion of subjects who have the perversion in either a grossly overt or an attenuated (reduced) form. Although usually thought of as a condition limited to males, necrophilia was described in a female in 1976. [PAR] necrophilism: [PAR] In psychiatry, A morbid desire to be in the presence of dead bodies. [PAR] nepiophilia: [PAR] In psychiatry, a sexual perversion in which sexual arousal and orgasm are possible only if the partner is a baby. The sexual perversion in which the subject himself must act as or be treated as a baby is termed autonepiophilia or paraphilic infantilism. [PAR] neutrophile, neutrophil, neutrophilic: [PAR] Not stained strongly or definitely by either acid or basic dyes but stained readily by neutral dyes. Used especially of white blood cells. [PAR] nomophilous, nomophile, nomophily: [PAR] In biology, thriving in pastures. [PAR] nosophile: [PAR] A person who is morbidly attracted by sickness or disease. [PAR] notaphilist: [PAR] A collector of bank notes. [PAR] noterophilous, noterophile, noterophily: [PAR] In biology, thriving in mesic [conditions of moderate moisture or water supply] habitats. [PAR] nucleophile: [PAR] A chemical compound or group that is attracted to nuclei and tends to donate or share electrons. [PAR] nyctophilia, nyctophile, nyctophily: [PAR] A fondness for night or darkness. [PAR] oceanophilous, oceanophile, oceanophily: [PAR] In biology, dwelling and thriving in oceanic habitats. [PAR] ochthophilous, ochthophile, ochthophily: [PAR] In biology, thriving on banks. [PAR] ocmophile, ochthophily: [PAR] In psychiatry, a co-dependent lover; a smothering, obsessive partner. [PAR] ocnophile: [PAR] In psychiatry, a term for the person with a type of primitive two-person relationship in which the subject is clingingly dependent on an overvalued object and is unable to make any move toward independence. A smothering, obsessive partner. [PAR] oenophil, oenophile, oenophily, enophil, enophile, enophily: [PAR] A special"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Michael - Biography - IMDb George Michael - Biography - IMDb [PAR] George Michael [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (39) | Personal Quotes (34) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] George Michael was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou in Finchley, north London, in the United Kingdom, to Lesley Angold (Harrison), a dancer, and Kyriacos Panayiotou, a restaurateur. His father was a Greek Cypriot, and his mother was of English background. He first discovered fame as a musician when he and school friend, Andrew Ridgeley , formed the pop group Wham! . Success came fast and furious with their first album, 'Fantastic' (1983) hitting the UK number one spot. Wham! survived for five years and during that time the group notched up four number one singles and two number one albums. Most of their other releases made top three. George also contributed to the Band Aid Single 'Do They Know It's Christmas' (1984), and scored two further solo number one hits with 'Careless Whisper' and 'A Different Corner'. [PAR] Following the break-up of Wham! , George went on to have a hugely successful career as a solo artist, his debut album 'Faith' (1987) - and the single of the same name - both achieving instant and international success. The album has since been certified Diamond. [PAR] Over the last four decades George has notched up 8 number one albums in the and 13 number one singles in the UK (including Wham! , Band Aid , and the 'Five Live' EP). In the U.S. he has achieved 2 number one albums and 10 number one singles, with numerous other number one hits throughout the rest of the world. [PAR] He has performed duets with artists including Aretha Franklin , Elton John , Queen , and Lisa Stansfield , and actively participates in charitable causes, Live Aid and the Freddie Mercury concert for AIDS being just two of the more prominent examples. According to a BBC documentary, George donated more than five million pounds towards various charities. Whilst with Wham!, he donated all the proceeds of 'Last Christmas' (1984) to charity. The single reached number two in the UK and George also performed simultaneously on the number one charity record 'Do They Know It's Christmas?'. [PAR] George released the single 'December Song' in 2008 as a free download: his hope was that purchasers would donate money to charity. [PAR] He remained in contact with his Wham! partner and long-time friend Andrew Ridgeley until his death in 2016. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous [PAR] Trade Mark (1) [PAR] Powerful, smooth and soulful voice [PAR] Trivia (39) [PAR] He was arrested in April 1998 at a public restroom in Beverly Hills for committing a lewd act in front of an undercover police officer. As a result, for the first time he spoke publicly about being gay. BBC talk show host Michael Parkinson dedicated an episode of his Parkinson (1971) series to an interview with him. Michael also wrote and released the song \"Outside\", which had lyrics and a music video mocking the whole incident. The arresting police officer filed a civil suit against Michael for defamation of character, but it was dismissed. [PAR] He enjoyed four UK number one singles with Wham: \"Wake Me Up Before You Go Go\" (1984), \"Freedom\" (1984), \"I'm Your Man\" (1985) and \"The Edge of Heaven\" (1986). [PAR] His song \"Father Figure\" was sampled for PM Dawn 's hit \"Looking Through Patient Eyes\". [PAR] He collaborated with Queen and Lisa"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which Ancient Greek God Carried the World on His Shoulders? Which Ancient Greek God Carried the World on His Shoulders? [PAR] Which Ancient Greek God Carried the World on His Shoulders? [PAR] Let's Hope Atlas Never Shrugged [PAR] Atlas in Rockefeller Center. Corinne Gill [PAR] Updated April 14, 2016. [PAR] Question: Which God Carried the World on His Shoulders? [PAR] The expression \"to carry the world\" or \" the weight of the world on one's shoulders \" comes from a story in mythology. Which god had to wield this big burden? [PAR] Answer: [PAR] The Titan Atlas carried something very heavy, possibly the weight of the world, on his shoulders. This was a punishment that came down from Zeus , king of the gods after they sided against Zeus in the war of the Titans vs. the Olympians. But Vitruvius claims this was actually a reward, for \"through his vigorous intelligence and ingenuity, he was the first to cause men to be taught about the courses of the sun and moon, and the laws governing the revolutions of all the constellations.\" [PAR] Where Atlas would have to stand to carry the heavens on his shoulders? In the ancient world view , where the Mediterranean was the heart of the world, oceans surrounded the inhabited area and it is possible to picture Atlas standing in the world-circling oceans holding up the world, perhaps to keep it from sinking. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] Ovid also mentions Atlas residing in the far west, or, as Pseudo-Apollodorus notes, among with Hesperides. In the Book I of The Odyssey , attributed to Homer , Atlas is pictured standing in water. However, in this same version, Atlas doesn't hold the world, but pillars separating Earth and Heaven. [PAR] When Hercules (who saved the Titan Prometheus from Zeus' liver-loving eagle) fetched the apples of the Hesperides , he required the help of Atlas. Atlas agreed on condition that Hercules assume his heavy burden while Atlas grabbed the fruit. Atlas got them, but admitted he was tired of holding the heavy burden; it was Hercules's turn to bear the world on his shoulders. [PAR] Hercules told Atlas that he'd hold it - whatever it is - but he needed to put up a pad on his shoulders first, so could Atlas just take it back for a sec, please? Atlas foolishly agreed. Hercules picked up the apples and went blithely on his way. [PAR] Another version of the story, as told by Diodorus Siculus, agrees with Vitruvius. Apparently, Atlas was an expert in astrology and taught Hercules all he knew about the stars. \" [PAR] -Edited by Carly Silver"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Royal House Of Hanover - British Monarchy Family History The Royal House Of Hanover - British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchy Family History [PAR] The Royal House Of Hanover [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Royal House of Hanover was the ruling royal house of Great Britain and Ireland for one hundred and eighty seven years from 1714 - 1901, by way of six monarchs. [PAR] King George I came to the throne upon the death of the Royal House of Stuart monarch Queen Anne in 1714 as he was the late queen's closest Protestant relative through his mother Queen Sophie, who was the grand daughter of King James I of England by way of her mother Elisabeth of Bohemia. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] GEORGE I [PAR] George was born on the 28th of May 1660 in Hanover in Germany, which at that time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the oldest child of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and his wife Countess Sophie of Rhineland - Palatine. He came to the British throne after the death of his cousin, the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne. [PAR] King George was crowned at Westminster Abbey on the 20th of October 1714 at the age of fifty and was not particularly liked or welcomed by the British people, probably for no other reason than he was a foreigner. It was believed that he did not speak very good English, although records show that he did have a good understanding of the language. However, his lack of English did go on to see a diminishing of the monarchy and more power and control given to the government, which, by the time of his death in 1727, had left full power of the running of the country to Robert Walpole, Great Britain's very first Prime Minister. [PAR] King George's reign also brought about the Jacobite Rebellions (1715 - 1746) - a series of uprisings and rebellions aimed at restoring the Royal House of Stuart to the throne of Britain - an act designed to replace him with the former Queen Anne's half brother James Francis Edward Stuart, an act that failed mainly due to the Stuart's Catholicism. [PAR] On a personal level George is best remembered for his long running feud with his only son, the future King George II. [PAR] King George died whilst on a visit to his native Germany on the 11th of June 1727 at Osnabruck. He is buried at the Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] SOPHIA DOROTHEA OF CELLE [PAR] In 1682, by way of an arranged marriage of state, George married Sophia Dorothea of Celle (1666 - 1726) on the 22nd of November 1682 in Celle, Germany. [PAR] Sophia Dorothea was born on the 15th of September 1666 in Celle, Germany and was the daughter of George William, Duke of Brunswick - Luneburg and his long term mistress, Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse. [PAR] Sophia Dorothea is best remembered for her affair with Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck, which when found out, resulted in her spending the last thirty years of her life incarcerated in the Castle of Ahlden in her native Celle, where she was denied any contact with her children ever again. [PAR] She died from liver failure brought on by gall stones on the 13th of November 1726 and was later interred at the Stadtkirche in Celle, Germany. [PAR] Her lover was apparently murdered by order of the King, but this has never been verified. [PAR] Before her affair and subsequent divorce and incarceration, their union had produced two heirs one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ravens at the Tower of London, England - Historic UK The Ravens at the Tower of London, England [PAR] By Ben Johnson | Comments [PAR] It is not known when the ravens first came to the Tower of London, but their presence there is surrounded by myth and legend. Unusually for birds of ill omen, the future of both Country and Kingdom relies upon their continued residence, for according to legend, at least six ravens must remain lest both Tower and Monarchy fall. [PAR] The first Royal Observatory was housed in the north eastern turret of the White Tower. Legend has it that John Flamsteed (1646 - 1719), the 'astronomical observator' complained to King Charles II that the birds were interfering with his observations. The King therefore ordered their destruction only to be told that if the ravens left the Tower, the White Tower would fall and a great disaster befall the Kingdom. Sensibly the King changed his mind and decreed that at least six ravens should be kept at the Tower at all times to prevent disaster. [PAR] Chris Skaife is a Yeoman Warder or 'Beefeater' dedicated to caring for the Tower's unique Unkindness of Ravens. [PAR] Meet The Ravens [PAR] There are seven ravens at the Tower today ( the required six plus one spare!) Their names are Hardey, Thor, Odin, Gwyllum, Cedric, Hugine and Munin. Their lodgings are to be found next to the Wakefield Tower. [PAR] The ravens consume 6oz. of raw meat and bird formula biscuits soaked in blood each day. They are very partial to an egg each once a week plus the occasional rabbit which is given to them whole as the fur is good for them! They also enjoy scraps from the mess kitchen at the Tower - they particularly like fried bread! [PAR] To prevent the birds flying away one of their wings is clipped by the Ravenmaster . This does not hurt the raven nor does it harm them in any way. By unbalancing their flight it ensures that they don't stray too far from the Tower. [PAR] Escape from the Tower! [PAR] However despite the wing clipping, there have been occasional escapes. Grog was last seen outside an East End pub called the 'Rose and Punchbowl' in 1981. Like Hardey he had been at the Tower for 21 years but unlike Hardey, Grog obviously felt he needed a change of scene! [PAR] Bad Behaviour [PAR] Occasionally ravens have to be dismissed for bad behaviour. This happened to George who received his marching orders in 1986 after he developed an unhealthy taste for TV aerials: [PAR] \"On Saturday 13th September 1986, Raven George, enlisted 1975, was posted to the Welsh Mountain Zoo. Conduct unsatisfactory, service therefore no longer required.\" [PAR] Ravens can live to a very ripe age. The oldest raven to live at the Tower was called Jim Crow who died at the age of 44. The oldest raven currently at the Tower is Hardey who is 24 years old. [PAR] Ravens in Wartime [PAR] The fortunes of the Tower Ravens reached their lowest point just after World War II when only Raven Grip was left at the Tower. It is believed that the birds were upset by the continuous bombing of London. There is also the suggestion, although it has never been proved, that one raven, Mabel, was kidnapped! [PAR] The Ravens Today [PAR] Since 1987 the Tower has undertaken a successful breeding programme for the ravens. Charlie and Rhys paired up and produced a total of 17 chicks. [PAR] Two of the newest recruits"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheers full theme song (with subtitiles) - YouTube Cheers full theme song (with subtitiles) - YouTube [PAR] Cheers full theme song (with subtitiles) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 13, 2008 [PAR] This is the cheers full theme song. It has to be one of my favorite shows and im glad i was able to do this one [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Cheers intro song - YouTube Cheers intro song - YouTube [PAR] Cheers intro song [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 2, 2010 [PAR] intro song to the tv show cheers( 1983-1992) song: where everybody knows your name, by Gary Portnoy. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] film dr who Villains - Worlds of Imagination film dr who Villains [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Baltazar, Scourge of the Galaxy, is a space pirate in the animated Tenth Doctor serial, The Infinite Quest, featured as part of the second series of Totally Doctor Who in 2007, voiced by Anthony Head. Using enhanced rust, the Doctor destroyed the ship Baltazar had built, Baltazar having destroyed the entire Earth defence. With his space piracy, cybernetics, robot parrot, and desire to crush planets into precious gems, Baltazar bears a striking resemblance to The Captain. [PAR] Beast [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] The Beast was an ancient being that had been trapped for millions of years in a pit at the centre of the planet named in the Scriptures of the Faltino as Krop Tor, orbiting the black hole designated K37 Gem 5 by humans. The centre of the planet, ten miles down, had a powerful energy source which was keeping it in constant gravitational balance against the pull of the black hole. The gravitational force also extended out as a funnel into clear space. [PAR] The Beast claimed that he was the basis of the Devil-figure in all religions and mythologies, and originated from before this universe's creation. He had been defeated and trapped beneath the planet by the \"Disciples of Light\", who had crafted his prison such that if he ever freed himself, the gravitational force would collapse and the planet would be pulled into the black hole, destroying them both. [PAR] The Beast was awakened when a human expeditionary force flew their ship through the funnel to land on the planet, hoping to drill down and claim the power source for their Empire. The Beast exhibited the ability to telepathically possess and speak through other beings, in particular the empathic Ood, who became his \"Legion of the Beast\". He was also able to divine the hidden fears and secrets of those he spoke to, unnerving them greatly. [PAR] He also took the opportunity to possess Toby Zed, a human member of the expedition, while leaving his own body, a gigantic creature resembling a horned demon, still chained in the Pit at the heart of Krop Tor. In this way, he hoped to escape his prison. However, the Tenth Doctor smashed the power source containing the Beast's prison, causing Krop Tor to be dragged into the black hole and the Beast's original body to burst into flames. At the same time, while fleeing the planet in a rocket with the survivors of the expedition, Toby's possession manifested itself, angrily proclaiming that as long as he was feared, he could never be destroyed. However, Rose Tyler shot out the cockpit window with a bolt gun, causing the possessed Toby to be sucked into space towards the black hole. [PAR] The Beast claimed that he had many names, among them Abaddon and Satan. It is unknown whether they are the same. Gabriel Woolf, who provides the Beast's voice, played Sutekh the Destroyer in the 1975 serial Pyramids of Mars, an entity who was also said to have been named Satan. [PAR] In Torchwood episode End Days a similar giant creature named Abaddon is released from the Cardiff spacetime Rift and is referred to as the \"son of the great Beast\". The Torchwood website alludes to the Beast by asking \"Were there other beings like Abaddon? Are they also entombed underneath planets across the universe?\". [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Beep the Meep is a fictional alien who appeared in the Doctor Who Weekly comic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ballistite - tititudorancea.net Ballistite [PAR] B [PAR] Ballistite [PAR] Ballistite is a smokeless propellant made from two high explosives , nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine . It was developed and patented by Alfred Nobel in the late 19th century. [PAR] The development of smokeless powders [PAR] Gunpowder, or black powder (Poudre N, Poudre Noire), as it was also known, was for about a thousand years the only practical propellant. However, there were two major tactical disadvantages attached to the use of black powder. Firstly, a squad of soldiers firing volleys would be completely unable to see their targets after a few shots; and secondly, their own location would be obvious because of the huge cloud of white smoke hanging over them. [PAR] In 1884, a French chemist , Paul Vieille invented the first smokeless powder, called Poudre B (Poudre Blanche = white powder). It was a great improvement over black powder. [PAR] Poudre B was made from two forms of nitrocellulose ( collodion and guncotton ), softened with ethanol and ether , and kneaded together. It was three times more powerful than black powder and it did not generate vast quantities of smoke. [PAR] The reason that smokeless powders are smokeless is that the combustion products are mainly gaseous, compared to around 60% solid products for black powder, i.e. ( potassium carbonate , potassium sulfate, etc). [PAR] Poudre B was therefore immediately adopted by the French military; but it tended to become unstable over time, as the volatile solvents evaporated, and this led to many accidents. For example, two battleships , the I\u00e9na and the Libert\u00e9 blew up in Toulon harbour in 1907 and 1911, respectively. [PAR] Military adoption of ballistite [PAR] Alfred Nobel patented ballistite in 1887 whilst he was living in Paris. It was composed of 10% camphor and equal parts of nitroglycerine and collodion. The camphor reacted with any acidic products of the chemical breakdown of the two explosives, but it tended to evaporate over time, leaving a potentially unstable mixture. [PAR] His patent specified that the nitrocellulose should be \"of the well-known soluble kind\". He offered to sell the rights to the new explosive to the French government, but they declined, largely because they had just adopted Poudre B. He subsequently licensed the rights to the Italian government, who entered into a contract, on 1 August 1889, to obtain 300,000 kilo of ballistite; and Nobel opened a factory at Avigliana, Turin . [PAR] The Italian Army swiftly replaced their M1870 and M1870/87 rifles , which used black powder cartridges, to a new model, the M1890 Vetterli, which used a cartridge loaded with Ballistite. [PAR] As Italy was a competing Great Power to France, this was not received well by the French press and the public. The newspapers accused Nobel of industrial espionage, by spying on Vieille, and \"high treason against France\". Following a police investigation he was refused permission to conduct any more research, or to manufacture explosives in France. He therefore moved to San Remo in Italy, in 1891, where he spent the last five years of his life. [PAR] Patent infringement claim against Great Britain [PAR] Meanwhile, a government committee in Great Britain , called the \"Explosives Committee\" and chaired by Sir Frederick Abel monitored foreign developments in explosives. Abel and Sir James Dewar, who was also on the committee, jointly patented a modified form of ballistite in 1889. This consisted of 58% nitroglycerin by weight, 37% guncotton and 5% petroleum jelly . Using acetone as a solvent , it was extruded as spaghetti -like rods initially called \"cord powder\" or \"the Committee's modification"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Jerilderie Letter, 1879 in Australia ... Learn and talk about Jerilderie Letter, 1879 in Australia, Crime in Australia, Letters (message) [PAR] Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang[ edit ] [PAR] Ned Kelly the day before his execution by hanging in November 1880. [PAR] Edward (Ned) Kelly was born in Victoria , Australia , around 1855. As a teenager he was in trouble with the police and was arrested several times and served time in prison. [2] [PAR] In mid-1878, following his mother's imprisonment on perjured police evidence and feeling that the police were harassing him, Kelly took to bushranging with his brother, Dan , Joe Byrne , and Steve Hart . They became known as the Kelly Gang. [3] [4] [PAR] After the Kelly Gang shot dead three policemen at Stringybark Creek in Victoria in October 1878 they were declared outlaws. [5] Reacting to the killings, the Victorian Government enacted the Felons' Apprehension Act 1878 which authorised any citizen to shoot a declared outlaw on sight. [6] A substantial reward was offered for each member of the Kelly Gang, 'dead or alive'. [7] [PAR] Cameron/Euroa Letter[ edit ] [PAR] On 14 November 1878, the day before the members of the Kelly Gang were outlawed, a Victorian parliamentarian criticised the progress of the police hunt for the gang. In response to Donald Cameron\u2019s criticism, Victorian Premier Graham Berry promised a 'searching enquiry' if sufficient evidence was provided. Kelly and Byrne read about this exchange in the newspapers and may have mistaken it as an opportunity to tell their side of the story. Kelly dictated a long letter to Byrne with the intention of sending it to Cameron. [8] [PAR] On 9 December 1878, the Kelly Gang robbed the National Bank in Euroa , Victoria, after taking hostages at Younghusband's station nearby. Joe Byrne kept watch over the hostages at the station while the rest of the gang carried out the robbery, and some of the hostages recalled seeing Byrne working on a long letter. [9] [PAR] Shortly after the Euroa robbery, Donald Cameron and Police Superintendent John Sadleir each received a copy of Kelly\u2019s letter which he had signed 'Edward Kelly, enforced outlaw' and in which he attempted to tell his side of the events leading up to the killing of three policemen at Stringybark Creek in October 1878. The police advised against releasing the letter to the press for publication but reporters were permitted to read it. [9] Newspaper accounts of the contents of Kelly's letter ranged from dismissive to sympathetic. [10] [PAR] History[ edit ] [PAR] Kelly dictated his letter to fellow Kelly Gang member Joe Byrne sometime before the Gang's raid on the town of Jerilderie in southern New South Wales from 8 to 10 February 1879. Byrne then rewrote it in neater handwriting. [11] The Jerilderie Letter appears to be a final version of the Cameron/Euroa letter that was circulated in December 1878. [12] [PAR] Kelly took his document to Jerilderie where he intended to have it published as a pamphlet for public distribution. During the raid on the town, Kelly tried to find the town's newspaper editor and printer, Samuel Gill, aiming to have him print the letter. When he couldn\u2019t find Gill, Kelly gave the letter to bank accountant Edwin Living demanding that he give it to Gill and warning \"Mind you get it printed, or you'll have me to reckon with next time we meet\". [1] [PAR] Living ignored Kelly's demands and set off on horseback with the document towards Deniliquin , New South Wales , 50 miles"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Thing Of Beauty (Endymion) - Poem by John Keats A Thing Of Beauty (Endymion) Poem by John Keats - Poem Hunter [PAR] A Thing Of Beauty (Endymion) Poem by John Keats - Poem Hunter [PAR] A Thing Of Beauty (Endymion) - Poem by John Keats [PAR] Autoplay next video [PAR] A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: [PAR] Its lovliness increases; it will never [PAR] Pass into nothingness; but still will keep [PAR] A bower quiet for us, and a sleep [PAR] Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. [PAR] Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing [PAR] A flowery band to bind us to the earth, [PAR] Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth [PAR] Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, [PAR] Of all the unhealthy and o'er-darkn'd ways [PAR] Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all, [PAR] Some shape of beauty moves away the pall [PAR] From our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon, [PAR] Trees old and young, sprouting a shady boon [PAR] For simple sheep; and such are daffodils [PAR] With the green world they live in; and clear rills [PAR] That for themselves a cooling covert make [PAR] 'Gainst the hot season; the mid-forest brake, [PAR] Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms: [PAR] And such too is the grandeur of the dooms [PAR] We have imagined for the mighty dead; [PAR] An endless fountain of immortal drink, [PAR] Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink. [PAR] Keats celebrates immortality of art. [PAR] Beauty in a way has a sublime derivation here. [PAR] A divine connotation for that which cannot be destroyed, fade or change. [PAR] Great poem! [PAR] (11/12/2016 11:52:00 AM) [PAR] Absolutely joy forever [PAR] This is one of my favorite poems and will remain forever as the poetry itself says. (Report) Reply [PAR] Muzahidul Reza [PAR] (11/1/2016 1:11:00 PM) [PAR] A thing of beauty is a joy for ever, this sentence is a great discovery of John Keats.................... (Report) Reply [PAR] Susan Williams [PAR] (10/31/2016 3:04:00 PM) [PAR] Don't you wish you could pen a first line like this one- -a line that cradles your imagination softly. And then don't you wish you could continue the beauty of that first line into your second and third and fourth lines? Ahhhh... reading Keats is like inhaling the fragrance of a rose. (Report) Reply [PAR] (10/31/2016 8:49:00 AM) [PAR] A Thing of Beauty [PAR] a joy forever because now it is part of memory, a good thing to counter the negative things we've been exposed to. [PAR] this is one of many poems to remind us of the goodness in the world. another to read, poets, if you don't know it is pied beauty by gerard manley hopkins. his God's grandeur also is a great burst of inspiration on the same theme.[DOC] [TLE] A Thing of Beauty is a Joy Forever by John Keats A Thing of Beauty is a Joy Forever by John Keats [PAR] A Thing of Beauty is a Joy Forever [PAR] A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: [PAR] Its loveliness increases; it will never [PAR] Pass into nothingness; but still will keep [PAR] A bower quiet for us, and a sleep [PAR] Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. [PAR] Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing [PAR] A flowery band to bind us to the earth, [PAR] Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth [PAR] Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, [PAR] Of all the unhealthy and o'er-darkened ways [PAR] Made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 - Press Release Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 - Press Release [PAR] Press Release [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 [PAR] Patrick White [PAR] The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 [PAR] Patrick White [PAR] The Australian Patrick White has been awarded the 1973 Nobel Literature Prize \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\", as it says in the Swedish Academy's citation. White's growing fame is based chiefly on seven novels of which the earliest masterly work is The Aunt's Story, a portrayal imbued with remarkable feeling of a lonely, unmarried, Australian woman's life during experiences that extend also to Europe and America. The book with which White really made his name, however, was The Tree of Man, an epically broad and psychologically discerning account of a part of Australian social development in the form of two people's long life together, and struggle against outward and inward difficulties. [PAR] Another aspect of Australia is shown in Voss, in which a fanatical explorer in the country's interior meets his fate: an intensive character study against the background of the fascinating Australian wilds. The writer displays yet another kind of art in Riders in the Chariot, with special emphasis on his cystic and symbolic tendencies: a sacrificial drama, tense, yet with an everyday setting, in the midst of current Australian reality. From contrasting viewpoints, The Solid Mandala gives a double portrait of two brothers, in which the sterilely rational brother is set against the fertilely intuitive one, who is almost a fool in the eyes of the world. [PAR] White's last two books are among his greatest feats, both as to size and to frenzied building up of tension. The Vivisector is the imaginary biography of an artist, in which a whole life is disclosed in a relentless scrutiny of motives and springs of action: an artist's untiring battle to express the utmost while sacrificing both himself and his fellow-beings in the attempt. The Eye of the Storm places an old, dying woman in the centre of a narrative which revolves round, and encloses, the whole of her environment, past and present, until we have come to share an entire life panorama, in which everyone is on a decisive dramatic footing with the old lady. [PAR] Particularly, these latest books show White's unbroken creative power, an ever deeper restlessness and seeking urge, an onslaught against vital problems that have never ceased to engage him, and a wrestling with the language in order to extract all its power and all its nuances, to the verge of the unattainable. White's literary production has failings that belong to great and bold writing, exceeding, as it does, different kinds of conventional limits. He is the one who, for the first time, has given the continent of Australia an authentic voice that carries across the world, at the same time as his achievement contributes to the development, both artistic and, as regards ideas, of contemporary literature. [PAR] [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 - Press Release\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1973/press.html>[DOC] [TLE] Patrcik White nobel prize - Australian Geographic Patrcik White nobel prize - Australian Geographic [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Patrick White was the ultimate quiet achiever \u2013 even when he became the first Australian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. [PAR] ON 10 DECEMBER 1973, instead of being in Stockholm to receive his Nobel Prize from the King of Sweden, Patrick White, then 61, was at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Manor Property Sales Wirral - Manor Property For Sale Wirral Manor Property For Sale Wirral [PAR] Compare View Listing [PAR] New Plot 16 Rake Lane Manor Property\u2019s ground floor luxury flat for sale in Wallasey could be an excellent buy to let opportunity. Built in 2015 as part of a brand new community development and to very high specification, it is ready to move in. The apartment is equipped with a new modern kitchen including oven and combination boiler. It also has a great fitted bathroom with shower unit and bathtub. This property includes: 2 Bedrooms Spacious living area Alarm Designer Bathroom Double Glazed Fitted Kitchen Gas Central Heating High-end Furnshings Intercom LED Spot lights Storage space Off-set from the main road this property includes private, allocated parking with easy access in a quiet area. This would be fantastic home for the older generation with easy access to the apartment. Nearby is various bus stops and New Brighton train station with frequent visits to Wirral & Liverpool destinations. Close to community shops Shopping & Leisure includes a selection of local shops and supermarkets and just a short distance away from New Brighton Marine Point which has a selection of bars and restaurants and includes a casino, supermarket. Seaside destination The property is just a short walk away from Wallasey\u2019s popular bathing beach situated at the [\u2026] \u00a3110,000 [PAR] Apartment [PAR] Compare View Listing [PAR] Sold No 12 Rake Lane Don\u2019t miss out on this brand new 2 bed flat to rent Wirral is proud to offer! Built in 2015 as a small community of 18 purpose built flats, an ideal location for retirement or a small family. The property is let directly from Manor Properties but we do have an agent (Bakewell & Horner) working as part of the team. Where are the flats? The 2 bed flats are situated off Rake Lane in Wallasey. There is private, allocated parking within the grounds. Wallasey holds popular events, including the Promenade Stages Rally presented by Wallasey Motor Club, winner of Wirral event of the Year 2014, attracting top drivers from all over the UK. Along with nearby family-friendly venues such as Play Planet, a soft play facility based inside the Seacombe Ferry Terminal and the excellent Spaceport attraction, offering an interactive audio visual space experience. Why rent this flat? All our flats are brand new and have new kitchens and bathrooms. The kitchen has a new gas hob and electric oven and bathroom is tastefully designed with bath and shower unit. The flats meet building standards for soundproofing and because they\u2019re offset from the road, it\u2019s a peaceful area. Enquire [\u2026] Property Sold [PAR] Apartment, Apartment [PAR] 1 Parking [PAR] Built in 2015 [PAR] Don\u2019t miss out on this brand new 2 bed flat to rent Wirral is proud to offer! Built in 2015 as a small community of 18 purpose built flats, an ideal location for retirement or a small family. The property is let directly from Manor Properties but we do have an agent (Bakewell & Horner) working as part of the team. Where are the flats? The 2 bed flats are situated off Rake Lane in Wallasey. There is private, allocated parking within the grounds. Wallasey holds popular events, including the Promenade Stages Rally presented by Wallasey Motor Club, winner of Wirral event of the Year 2014, attracting top drivers from all over the UK. Along with nearby family-friendly venues such as Play Planet, a soft play facility based inside the Seacombe Ferry Terminal and the excellent Spaceport attraction, offering an interactive audio visual space experience."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leona Lewis Pictures, News, Gossip & Rumours - AskMen Leona Lewis Pictures, News, Gossip & Rumours - AskMen [PAR] AskMen [PAR] Messages You have no messages [PAR] Notifications You have no notifications [PAR] Leona Lewis [PAR] Leona Lewis [PAR] Leona Lewis made a substantial impact on British culture when she became the first woman to win on The X Factor, Simon Cowell \u2019s UK version of American Idol. Lewis\u2019 debut single \u201cA Moment Like This\u201d broke records when it was downloaded 50,000 times in 30 minutes. Lewis released her autobiography Dreams in October of 2009, and has plans to release her sophomore album Echo in November of this year. And what about the punching incident? We'll get to that a bit later. [PAR] Appeal [PAR] Leona Lewis has the type of exotic stunning beauty we just can't look away from. Forget pale skin and bad teeth; this Brit babe is armed with olive skin, aquamarine eyes, oh-so pouty lips, and a killer body. Leona Lewis doesn't even need to unleash her sultry voice to make any man weak in the knees. But, once she does sing her gentle vocals make her that much more attractive -- if that's even possible. [PAR] Success [PAR] Even though Leona Lewis is new to the music scene, her success is eminent. With her seductive vocals and gorgeous looks, it was a given the Leona Lewis would make it as a singer . Her debut album, Spirit, proved that she has what it takes to make it as a solo artist. [PAR] Leona Lewis Biography [PAR] Leona Lewis\u2019 success as a singer hardly came as a surprise to those who know her, as she has been pursuing a career in music for most of her life. Leona Lewis wrote her first song when she was 12 and won in an under-18 competition the following year. She subsequently attended two highly regarded stage schools, the Sylvia Young Theatre School and the BRIT School. [PAR] leona lewis on x factor [PAR] Leona Lewis\u2019 increased confidence -- coupled with the encouragement of family and friends -- led her to audition for The X Factor. The British program essentially follows the same formula as American Idol: Participants perform in front of three judges ( Simon Cowell , Sharon Osbourne and Louise Walsh) until a winner is chosen. [PAR] Leona Lewis was considered an early favorite by fans and pundits alike, and she consistently knocked the judges out with her stirring renditions of popular songs like \u201cI Will Always Love You\u201d and \u201cOver the Rainbow.\u201d On December 16, 2006, Leona Lewis, with approximately 60% of the votes, was crowned the third-season winner of The X Factor. [PAR] leona lewis releases spirit [PAR] A few days after her victory, Leona\u2019s first single -- a cover of Kelly Clarkson \u2019s \u201cA Moment Like This\u201d -- was released to stores and online music shops, and it shot straight to No. 1. In early 2007, at about the same time her single was short-listed for an honor at the 2007 Brit Awards, Leona Lewis relocated to Los Angeles to begin work on her highly anticipated debut album, Spirit, which was released in March 2007 in the UK. [PAR] leona lewis is named no. 68 in top 99 of 2008 [PAR] In 2008, Leona Lewis was nominated for an outstanding four BRIT Awards, and she was voted in at No. 68 in AskMen.com's Top 99 Most Desirable Women list. Her album Spirit was released in the U.S. as well. [PAR] Her hit single, \"Bleeding Love,\" also hit No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dog Doo Rants Dog Doo Rants [PAR] Dog Doo Rants [PAR] A Castro neighborhood rant about dog doo gone wild in 94114 and beyond. [PAR] The Daily Puppy [PAR] Cynomania - intense enthusiasm or obsession for dogs [PAR] Philocyny - love of dogs [PAR] Donate If You Like This Blog [PAR] Disclaimer and Privacy Policy [PAR] This is a personal blog. The views and opinions expressed here represent my own and not those of the people, institutions or organizations that I may or may not be related with unless stated explicitly. All data and information provided on this site is for informational purposes only. [PAR] All images on this site are copyright protected under Federal Copyright Laws and are the exclusive property (intellectual and real) of this blog's owner, unless otherwise attributed. All rights are reserved. [PAR] Unauthorized use of this copyrighted material is illegal and an infringement in direct violation of Federal Copyright Laws . Infringements include (but are not limited to) copying, reproducing, printing, publishing, scanning, altering, distributing in any form without the expressed written permission of this blog's owner, \u00a9 Austin Lee. [PAR] DogDooRants.blogspot.com makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, currentness, suitability, or validity of any information on this site and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from its display or use. All information is provided on an as-is basis. We use third-party advertising companies to serve ads when you visit our website. These companies may use information (not including your name, address, email address, or telephone number) about your visits to this and other websites in order to provide advertisements about goods and services of interest to you. If you would like more information about this practice and to know your choices about not having this information used by these companies, click here .[DOC] [TLE] List of manias - Reocities List of manias [PAR] A- [PAR] Ablutomania- Compulsion to wash or clean. [PAR] Agromania- Unreasonable desire for solitude or solitudinous wandering. Morbid desire to live in solitude or in the country. [PAR] Alcoholomania- Abnormal craving for intoxicants. (Personal note: this, I believe, is different than alcoholism in that alcoholism is a state of being and it is alcoholomania that leads to that state.) [PAR] Ailuromania- Intense enthusiasm for cats. [PAR] Anthromania- Inordinate interest in flowers. [PAR] Arithmomania- Craze for numbers and counting. [PAR] Automania- Compulsion toward solitude. [PAR] Bibliomania- Obsession with the collecting of books. [PAR] Bromomania- Mental disorder caused by chronic misuse of bromides. [PAR] Callomania- Belief in one's own beauty; a delusion of the insane. [PAR] Camphoromania- Abnormal craving for camphor (a gum obtained from an evergreen tree native to China and Japan). [PAR] Choreomania- Dancing mania. Seen in the Middle Ages. [PAR] Choromania- Dance mania, a form of chorea. [PAR] Cleptomania- Kleptomania. Impulsive stealing in which the motive is not related to the intrinsic value of the stolen article. There is often deep regret following the act. [PAR] Cocainomania- Intense desire for cocaine and its effects. [PAR] Cresomania- Hallucination of possessing great wealth. [PAR] Croesomania- Hallucination of possessing great wealth. [PAR] Cacodemonomania- Inordinate obsession with demonic possession. [PAR] Cheromania- Compulsion toward gaiety. [PAR] Chrematomania- Obsessive desire for money. [PAR] Coprolalomania- Obsession with foul speech. [PAR] Cynomania- Intense enthusiasm for dogs. [PAR] Dacnomania- An irrational impulse to kill. [PAR] Dipsomania- A morbid and uncontrollable craving for alcoholic beverages. [PAR] Drapetomania- Insane impulse to wander from home. [PAR] Dromomania- Insane impulse to wander. [PAR] Ecdemomania- Wanderlust; abnormal desire to wander. [PAR] Egomania- Abnormal self-esteem and self-interest. [PAR] Enomania-"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maple Trees Names, Pictures and Types of Acer Species Maple Trees Names, Pictures and Types of Acer Species [PAR] Home \u00bb Tree Names Index \u00bb Genus: Acer (Maple Trees) [PAR] Maple Trees Names, Pictures and Types of Acer Species [PAR] Pictures of Maple Trees [PAR] Photo by Willow, Picture use (cc2) [PAR] Sugar maple tree, (Acer saccharum). [PAR] Photo by Bruce Marlin, Picture use (cc2) [PAR] There are many types of Maple (Acer) species, and this genus consists of tree and shrub growth form types. This genus contains mostly species that are deciduous trees growing to 10 to 45m (30 to 145ft) in height, see Maple pictures on this page. Other species of the Acer genus are shrubs less than 10m (30ft) tall with a number of small trunks (and or branches) originating at ground level. Most Maple species are deciduous, however a few species in southern Asia and the Mediterranean region are evergreen. [PAR] Maple Tree Identification; [PAR] Maple trees can be easily identified by their leaves. The leaves in most species are palmate veined and lobed, with 3-9 (rarely to 13) veins each leading to a lobe, one of which is central or apical. A small number of species differ in having palmate compound, pinnate compound, pinnate veined or un-lobed leaves. [PAR] Several species, including Acer griseum (Paperbark Maple), Acer mandshuricum (Manchurian Maple), Acer maximowiczianum (Nikko Maple), and Acer triflorum (Three-flowered Maple), have trifoliate leaves. [PAR] One species, Acer negundo (Box-elder), has pinnately compound leaves that may be simply trifoliate or may have five, seven, or rarely nine leaflets. [PAR] A few, such as Acer laevigatum and Acer carpinifolium (Hornbeam Maple), have pinnately-veined simple leaves. [PAR] Many species of Maple can be grown as Bonsai Trees . [PAR] Facts about the Maple (Acer) Genus of Trees; [PAR] Genus Latin Scientific Name = Acer. [PAR] Genus Latin Name Pronunciation: AY-ser [PAR] Genus Latin Name Meaning: Acer is from the Latin word for acrid or sharp, referring to Maple's hardness and the ancient Roman use of the wood for spears. [PAR] Genus Common Names = Maple, Sycamore, Boxelder. List of Acer Vernacular names [PAR] Number of Species in the Acer Genus = 191 and 16 Maple hybrids , these numbers don't include the 1000's of Maple Cultivars of which some are listed on this page. [PAR] List of Maple Trees, Acer Genus - All known species, taxa types, organized by scientific Latin botanical name first and common names second [PAR] List of Maple Tree Species Names [PAR] Botanical Tree Name [PAR] Acer albopurpurascens syn. Acer oblongum [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer ambiguum syn. Acer pictum [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer barbatum syn. Acer floridanum [PAR] Southern sugar Maple [PAR] Acer cinnamomifolium syn. Acer coriaceifolium [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer circumlobatum syn. Acer japonicum [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer creticum syn. Acer orientale [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer fedschenkoanum syn. Acer pentapomicum [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Florida Maple, Southern Sugar Maple [PAR] Acer forrestii [PAR] Acer hainanense syn. Acer laevigatum [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Heldreich's Maple or Greek Maple [PAR] Acer henryi [PAR] Acer hersii syn. Acer grosseri [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Downy Japanese Maple, Amur Maple [PAR] Acer kiukiangense [PAR] Acer komarovii syn. Acer tschonoskii [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer mono (syn. Acer pictum) [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer montanum (syn. Acer spicatum) [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Boxelder, Manitoba Maple, Box elder [PAR] Acer negundo var. arizonicum [PAR] Acer nikoense syn. Acer maximowiczianum [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Acer opulifolium syn. Acer opalus [PAR] \u00a1 ? [PAR] Sycamore Maple, Sycamore, Scottish maple, Celtic maple [PAR] Acer pseudosieboldianum [PAR] Acer"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography :: Irvine Welsh Official Website Biography :: Irvine Welsh Official Website [PAR] Irvine Welsh :: Home :: Biography [PAR] Biography [PAR] Irvine Welsh was born in the great city of Edinburgh, Scotland. He can't quite recall if it was Simpson's or Elsie Inglis maternity pavilions. In fact he remembers little of the birth, though his mother assured him later that it was fairly routine. This selective memory at key points in his life would continue. What he seems quite certain of is that his family moved from their tenement home in Leith, to the prefabs in West Pilton, and then onto Muirhouse's maisonette flats. [PAR] Welsh left Ainslie Park Secondary School when he was sixteen and had various jobs, but didn't really like work any more than he did school. However, he was very fortunate to meet some exceptionally decent people at both, most of whom tolerated him. London called in the late seventies and he tried to catch up on some of education he'd missed on while daydreaming about more interesting things, as enjoyed the London punk scene. The jobs got better and he got on the property ladder and made some money, but in the good Scots tradition, he managed to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory. Cleaning up his act, and, in keeping with another great tradition, 'finding a nice lassie and settling doon', Welsh eventually returned to Edinburgh where he worked for the city council in the housing department. He went on to study for an MBA at Heriot Watt University. [PAR] Welsh regards himself as very fortunate to be back in his home town when Kevin Williamson, Duncan McLean, Barry Graham, Alan Warner, Paul Reekie and Rodney Relax were all doing their thing. Energised by the rave scene, he started to write and his paths crossed with the above. Digging out some old diaries, Welsh did a draft of what would become Trainspotting. Welsh published parts this from 1991 onwards in DOG, the West Coast Magazine, and New Writing Scotland. Duncan McLean published parts of the novel in two Clocktower pamphlets, A Parcel of Rogues and Past Tense: Four Stories from a Novel. Meanwhile Kevin Williamson, a member of Duncan McLean\u2019s Muirhouse writers\u2019 group, published sections of Trainspotting in the literary magazine Rebel Inc. Duncan McLean recommended Welsh to Robin Robertson, then editorial director of Secker & Warburg, who decided to publish Trainspotting, despite believing that it was unlikely to sell. [PAR] When Trainspotting was published in 1993 Irvine Welsh shot to fame. According to Lord Gowrie, the chairman of the panel, the novel was rejected for the Booker Prize shortlist after offending the sensibilities of two female judges. Despite this unease from the critical establishment, Welsh\u2019s novel received as many good reviews as ones swathed in disgust and outrage - establishing a tradition that continues to this day. Harry Gibson\u2019s stage adaptation of the novel was premiered at the Glasgow Mayfest in April 1994 and went on to be staged at the Edinburgh Festival and in London before touring the UK. In August 1995, Irvine Welsh gave up his day job. [PAR] Since Danny Boyle\u2019s film adaptation of Trainspotting was released in February 1996 Irvine Welsh has remained a controversial figure, whose novels, stage and screen plays, novellas and short stories have proved difficult for literary critics to assimilate, a difficulty made only more noticeable by Welsh\u2019s continued commercial success. More books have followed, Ecstasy becoming the first paperback original to go straight in at No1 on the Sunday Times best-sellers list, a feat emulated by Filth, which became Welsh's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Food - Recipes - Orange savarin with cinnamon cream BBC Food - Recipes - Orange savarin with cinnamon cream [PAR] Orange savarin with cinnamon cream [PAR] Preparation time [PAR] 30 mins to 1 hour [PAR] Serves [PAR] 350g/12oz plain flour , plus extra for dusting [PAR] 1 x 7g sachet fast-action yeast [PAR] 250ml/9fl oz full-fat milk , gently warmed to room temperature [PAR] 4 large free-range eggs [PAR] 40g/1\u00bdoz caster sugar [PAR] 1 large orange , zest only [PAR] 6 tbsp freshly squeezed orange juice [PAR] 4 tbsp of orange liqueur , such as Grand Marnier [PAR] 150g/5\u00bdoz caster sugar [PAR] For the filling [PAR] 300ml/10\u00bdfl oz double cream [PAR] \u00bd tsp ground cinnamon [PAR] 50g/1\u00beoz caster sugar [PAR] For the decoration [PAR] 25g/1oz unsalted shelled pistachios , chopped [PAR] Method [PAR] Grease a 25cm/10in savarin tin with butter and dust with flour. [PAR] For the dough, sift the flour into a large mixing bowl, add the yeast and mix. Pour in the milk and roughly mix using a wooden spoon. [PAR] In a separate bowl, beat the eggs and sugar until pale and fluffy. Then stir in the orange zest, vanilla extract, salt and melted butter. Mix until well combined then pour it into the flour mixture. Whisk until the batter reaches a smooth pouring consistency. Cover and leave to rise for 15-20 minutes. [PAR] When the batter has proved, use a wooden spoon to knock it back and remove the air. Pour the batter into the prepared tin. Oil one side of a large piece of cling film and cover the tin oily-side down. Set aside in a warm room for about 1\u00bd hours until the dough almost reaches the top of the tin. [PAR] Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6. [PAR] Remove the cling film and bake the savarin for about 40 minutes. Allow to cool for a few minutes then turn out into a shallow baking tray. [PAR] For the syrup, heat the orange juice, liqueur, 250ml/9fl oz water and the sugar in a pan. Simmer for five minutes, or until the sugar is dissolved. Slowly pour the syrup over the savarin, allowing it be absorbed as you pour. Place the savarin on a serving plate. [PAR] For the filling, whip the cream with sugar and cinnamon until peaks form when the whisk is removed. Transfer to a piping bag with a star nozzle attached and pipe the cream in the middle of the savarin until it reaches the top of the cake. [PAR] To decorate, slice the oranges very thinly and place them on the top of the cake (if using). Sprinkle the pistachios over and serve. [PAR] Find a recipe on BBC Food [PAR] Quick & Easy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Study in Scarlet by Arthur Conan Doyle \u00b7 OverDrive ... A Study in Scarlet by Arthur Conan Doyle \u00b7 OverDrive: eBooks, audiobooks and videos for libraries [PAR] Fiction Literature [PAR] \"A Study in Scarlet\" is a detective mystery novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, introducing his new characters, \"consulting detective\" Sherlock Holmes and his friend and chronicler, Dr. John Watson, who later became two of the most famous characters in literature. Conan Doyle wrote the story in 1886, and it was published the following year. The book's title derives from a speech given by Holmes to Doctor Watson on the nature of his work, in which he describes the story's murder investigation as his \"study in scarlet\": \"There's the scarlet thread of murder running through the colourless skein of life, and our duty is to unravel it, and isolate it, and expose every inch of it.\" (A \"study\" is a preliminary drawing, sketch or painting done in preparation for a finished piece.) The story, and its main characters, attracted little public interest when it first appeared. Only 11 complete copies of Beeton's Christmas Annual 1887 are known to exist now and they have considerable value. Although Conan Doyle wrote 56 short stories featuring Holmes, \"A Study in Scarlet\" is one of only four full-length novels in the original canon. The novel was followed by \"The Sign of the Four\", published in 1890. \"A Study in Scarlet\" was the first work of detective fiction to incorporate the magnifying glass as an investigative tool.[DOC] [TLE] A Study in Scarlet (Illustrated + FREE audiobook download ... A Study in Scarlet (Illustrated + FREE audiobook download link) by Arthur Conan Doyle on iBooks [PAR] \u2022 Includes beautiful artworks and illustrations [PAR] \u2022 A link of an audiobook to download at the end of the book [PAR] \u2022 Active Table of Contents for an easy navigation within the book [PAR] \u2022 Manually coded and crafted by professionals for highest formatting quality and standards [PAR] Check out ngims Publishing's other illustrated literary classics. The vast majority of our books have original illustrations, audiobook download link at the end of the book, navigable Table of Contents, and are fully formatted. Browse our library collection by typing in ngims or ngims plus the title you're looking for, e.g. ngims Gulliver's Travels. [PAR] Ebooks on the web are not organized for easy reading, littered with text errors and often have missing contents. You will not find another beautifully formatted classic literature ebook that is well-designed with amazing artworks and illustrations and a link to download audiobook like this one. Our ebooks are hand-coded by professional formatters and programmers. Ebook development and design are the core of what our engineers do. Our ebooks are not the cheap flat text kind, but are built from the ground up with emphasis on proper text formatting and integrity. [PAR] A Study in Scarlet is a detective mystery novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. It is the first story to feature the character of Sherlock Holmes, who would later become one of the most famous literary detective characters, with long-lasting interest and appeal. The book's title derives from a speech given by Holmes to his companion Doctor Watson on the nature of his work, in which he describes the story's murder investigation as his \"study in scarlet\": \"There\u2019s the scarlet thread of murder running through the colourless skein of life, and our duty is to unravel it, and isolate it, and expose every inch of it.\" [PAR] Conan Doyle wrote the novel at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chinese Cuisine - scribd.com Chinese Cuisine [PAR] Chinese Cuisine [PAR] A REFIND DOCUMENT ABOUT CHINESE CUISINE [PAR] Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) [PAR] Chinese cuisine [PAR] Chinese cuisine [PAR] originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in manyother parts of the world \u2014 from Asia to the Americas , Australia , Western Europe and Southern Africa . In recent years, connoisseurs of Chinese cuisine have also sprouted in Eastern Europe and South Asia . American Chinese cuisine and Canadian Chinese food are popular examples of local varieties.Regional cultural differences vary greatly within China, giving rise to the different styles of foodacross the nation. Traditionally there are eight main regional cuisines , or Eight Great Traditions [PAR] (Eastern China), a major style derived from Jiangsu cuisine andeven viewed as the representation of that region's cooking. [PAR] 1. Anhui cuisine [PAR] Anhui cuisine [PAR] is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of China. It is derived from the native cooking styles of the Huangshan Mountains region in China and is similar to Jiangsu cuisine . [PAR] Methods and Ingredients [PAR] Anhui cuisine is known for its use of wild game and herbs, both land and sea, and simple methods of preparation. Braising and stewing are common techniques. Frying and stir-frying are used much lessfrequently in Anhui cuisine than in other Chinese culinary traditions. Anhui cuisine consists of threestyles: Yangtze River region, Huai River region, and southern Anhui region. Anhui has ample uncultivated fields and forests, so the wild herbs used in the region's cuisine are readily available. [PAR] Representative dishes [PAR] Some famous dishes include:Stewed soft shell turtle with ham [PAR] : One whole soft shell turtle, pork, ham, bamboo shoots, a clove of garlic, shallot, ginger , soy sauce, salt, rice wine, black pepper, lard are all stewed together in a pot on charcoal fire. The dish is not greasy and can lead diners to endless aftertastes.1 [PAR] [PAR] Steamed stone frog [PAR] : Inhabited in caves, stone frog is a special product in Huangshan Mountain.Itweights 250 grams or so, whose belly is white and back black with stripe. Stone frog is rich in protein, calcium and so on. It has the functions of clearing heat, improving vision and nutrition. [PAR] Bamboo shoots cooked with sausage and dried mushroom [PAR] : One traditional flavor in Huizhoumountainous area. Cooked with sausage and dried mushrooms, the bamboo shoots are more fragrant.It is delicious, and noted for its good color, juicy meat and thick soup. [PAR] Bamboo shoots cooked with sausage and dried mushroom [PAR] Li Hongzhang Hodge-Podge [PAR] : [PAR] Li Hongzhang hotchpotch is a popular dish named after one of Anhui's famous personLi Hongzhang, who was a top official of the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). When he was in office, he paid a visit to the USand hosted a banquet for all his American friends. As the specially prepared dishes continued to flow, the chefs, with limitedresources, began to fret. Upon Li Hongzhang's order, the remaining kitchen ingredients were thrown together into animpromptu stew, containing sea cucumber, squid, tofu, ham, mushroom, chicken meat and other less identifiable foodmaterials! Thus appetites were quenched and a dish was created. [PAR] Li Hongzhang Hotchpotch"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] July 2, 1962: First Walmart Store Opens; Disaster or ... July 2, 1962: First Walmart Store Opens; Disaster or Godsend? - History and Headlines [PAR] July 2, 1962: First Walmart Store Opens; Disaster or Godsend? [PAR] No Comments [PAR] A Brief History [PAR] On July 2, 1962, the American way of life started to change with the first drop of rain in what was to become a downpour, as the first Walmart store opened in Rogers, Arkansas. Whether that change was for the better or for the worse is a controversy debated fiercely by both sides. (Note: In 2008 the name was changed fro Wal-Mart to Walmart.) [PAR] Digging Deeper [PAR] Former JC Penney employee Sam Walton decided to go into business for himself in 1945 when he bought a Ben Franklin Five and Dime store. Sam operated on the premise of high volume through lower prices and it worked. Walton bargained hard for lower prices when buying his merchandise wholesale and then sold the goods for lower prices which increased his volume and profit. [PAR] After opening his first Walmart in 1962, his success allowed him to expand to 24 stores in Arkansas by 1967. By 1968 he was able to stretch his horizons by opening his first stores not in Arkansas in Oklahoma and Missouri. In 1975 Sam opened his first Texas Walmartand he now had 125 stores. It was time for incorporation. By 1987 there were 1198 stores, and by 1990 Walmart had become the largest retailer in the US, and now had stores overseas. Vermont finally got a Walmart in 1996, the 50th state in Walmart\u2019s constellation of stores. [PAR] Walmart now has over 11,000 stores in 27 countries, and well over 2 million employees, making it the largest private employer on the planet. Sales volume is approaching a half trillion dollars per year, with a net profit of over $16 billion. With all this success and providing all those jobs, what is the problem? [PAR] The problems, as some people see them, are that the jobs are mostly minimum wage (or close to it) part time jobs without health care or other benefits, and are non-union as well. By opening so many stores and buying in such volume that they can squeeze other retailers out of available wholesale merchandise, and then undercut them in price, competitors cry foul. Experts have estimated a Walmart can push 50% of smaller retailers out of business in a town within 10 years, often replacing unionized decent jobs (especially at grocery stores) with lower wage, lower benefit jobs. [PAR] Another criticism is that Walmart\u2019s cut-throat business practices forces manufacturers to move their factories overseas, mostly to China where Walmart buys the bulk of their non-food items. Able to buy up the entire output of some foreign factories, Walmart has entire ships loaded with goods just for Walmart stores. Sam Walton\u2019s philosophy that Walmart is beneficial to society and therefore should not contribute to charities also angers and disappoints critics. [PAR] Accused of discrimination against women, homosexuals, employing illegal aliens and slave labor overseas, Walmart is also a target of environmentalists, labor unions, and trade protectionists. [PAR] In response, Walmart claims to save American consumers billions of dollars, thus raising the standard of living wherever they open a store. Walmart also points out that since Sam Walton died (1992) charitable donations are now about $1 billion annually. [PAR] Is Walmart good for the US or bad? Please tell us your opinions, and why you think so. [PAR] Historical Evidence"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u00bb Why U.S. Newspapers Suffer More than Others \u00bb Why U.S. Newspapers Suffer More than Others [PAR] Why U.S. Newspapers Suffer More than Others [PAR] Laura Houston Santhanam and Tom Rosenstiel of the Project for Excellence in Journalism [PAR] While print newspapers everywhere face difficult challenges in the future, newspapers in the United States today are suffering more acutely than those virtually anywhere else in the world. In sharp contrast with the U.S. situation, overall print newspaper circulation worldwide has dipped only slightly so far in 2010. Revenues are expected to rise, according to a new report from the Pew Research Center\u2019s Project for Excellence in Journalism. [PAR] Print newspapers are suffering declining readership and revenue in most of the developed world, such as in Europe and Australia, though in general the problems are not as severe as in the United States, particularly when it comes to revenue. [PAR] But in much of the developing world, print newspapers are thriving, in some cases dramatically. [PAR] The distinction between whether a nation\u2019s newspapers are suffering or flourishing depends in broad terms on whether the country is enjoying increases in population, education, literacy and income levels or is an already developed country with a mature newspaper industry, though some other factors appear to be relevant as well. [PAR] The problems are greatest, generally, in developed countries where newspapers already are consumed by large percentages of the population and where there are a lot of media providing news and information. Print newspapers are thriving, meanwhile, in countries with untapped and emerging population segments. In some parts of the world, such as India, reading a print newspaper is a prestigious activity, in much the same way that it was for immigrants a century ago in the United States. [PAR] In most developing countries print newspapers \u201care still growing,\u201d said Robert Picard, media economist and director of research at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford. But he warned that their gains may be temporary as those countries shift to new technologies. \u201cHopefully, they\u2019ll take notice of what\u2019s happening in our markets, and they\u2019ll try to transform themselves.\u201d [PAR] First, some basic numbers: In the United States, newspaper circulation fell by 10.6% daily and 7.1% on Sundays in the six months from March to September 30, 2009, compared with a year earlier, according to Audit Bureau of Circulations data. Europe saw a smaller drop, 5.6% during calendar year 2009 from the year before, according to data from the World Association of Newspapers\u2019 2010 World Press Trends report; Australia and Oceania fell 1.5%. [PAR] In Africa, by contrast, circulation in 2009 rose across the continent by 4.8%. Asia saw circulation gains of 1.03%, though the gains were concentrated at higher rates in places like India (nearly 5%). Worldwide in 2009, print newspaper circulation dipped 0.8% from a year earlier, (WAN, 2010). Yet overall, print newspaper circulation today remains up 5.7% worldwide from where it was five years earlier. [PAR] Determining Factors [PAR] Five factors seem to be at play in determining the health of a country\u2019s newspapers or the severity of their problems. [PAR] The most important, and most obvious, is that in many of these nations or markets, rising literacy rates dovetail with growing disposable income to create millions of potential new readers. India\u2019s literacy rate, for example, has grown from roughly one-third (35%) of the population in 1976 to 82% in 2009, according to Indian government estimates, (WAN, 2010). \u201cThere\u2019s a hunger among Indians to know,\u201d Bhaskara Rao, director of the Centre for Media Studies in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Muses - Greek Mythology The Muses [PAR] The Muses [PAR] See More The Muses Pictures > [PAR] The Muses were the Greek goddesses of inspiration in literature, science and the arts. They were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (the personification of memory), and they were also considered water nymphs. Some scholars believed that the Muses were primordial goddesses, daughters of the Titans Uranus and Gaea . Personifications of knowledge and art, some of the arts of the Muses included Music, Science, Geography, Mathematics, Art, and Drama. They were usually invoked at the beginning of various lyrical poems, such as in the Homeric epics; this happened so that the Muses give inspiration or speak through the poet's words. [PAR] There were nine Muses according to Hesiod, protecting a different art and being symbolised with a different item; Calliope (epic poetry - writing tablet), Clio (history - scroll), Euterpe (lyric poetry - aulos, a Greek flute), Thalia (comedy and pastoral poetry - comic mask), Melpomene (tragedy - tragic mask), Terpsichore (dance - lyre), Erato (love poetry - cithara, a Greek type of lyre), Polyhymnia (sacred poetry - veil), and Urania (astronomy - globe and compass). On the other hand, Varro mentions that only three Muses exist: Melete (practice), Mneme (memory) and Aoide (song). [PAR] According to a myth, King Pierus of Macedon named his nine daughters after the Muses, thinking that they were better skilled than the goddesses themselves. As a result, his daughters, the Pierides, were transformed into magpies. [PAR] The Muses Is also called Muse."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Julie Andrews - Biography - IMDb Julie Andrews - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Julie Andrews [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 109 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (72) | Personal Quotes (21) | Salary (7) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Julia Elizabeth Wells was born on October 1, 1935, in England. Her mother, Barbara Ward (Morris), and stepfather, both vaudeville performers, discovered her freakish but undeniably lovely four-octave singing voice and immediately got her a singing career. She performed in music halls throughout her childhood and teens, and at age 20, she launched her stage career in a London Palladium production of \"Cinderella\". [PAR] Andrew came to Broadway in 1954 with \"The Boy Friend\", and became a bona fide star two years later in 1956, in the role of Eliza Doolittle in the unprecedented hit \"My Fair Lady\". Her star status continued in 1957, when she starred in the TV-production of Cinderella (1957) and through 1960, when she played \"Guenevere\" in \"Camelot\". [PAR] In 1963, Walt Disney asked Andrews if she would like to star in his upcoming production, a lavish musical fantasy that combined live-action and animation. She agreed on the condition if she didn't get the role of Doolittle in the pending film production of My Fair Lady (1964). After Audrey Hepburn was cast in My Fair Lady, Andrews made an auspicious film debut in Walt Disney's Mary Poppins (1964), which earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress. [PAR] Andrews continued to work on Broadway, until the release of The Sound of Music (1965), the highest-grossing movie of its day and one of the highest-grossing of all time. She soon found that audiences identified her only with singing, sugary-sweet nannies and governesses, and were reluctant to accept her in dramatic roles in The Americanization of Emily (1964) and Alfred Hitchcock 's thriller Torn Curtain (1966). In addition, the box-office showings of the musicals Julie subsequently made increasingly reflected the negative effects of the musical-film boom that she helped to create. Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967) was for a time the most successful film Universal had released, but it still couldn't compete with Mary Poppins or The Sound of Music for worldwide acclaim and recognition. Star! (1968) and Darling Lili (1970) also bombed at the box office. [PAR] Fortunately, Andrews did not let this keep her down. She worked in nightclubs and hosted a TV variety series in the 1970s. In 1979, Andrews returned to the big screen, appearing in films directed by her husband Blake Edwards , with roles that were entirely different from anything she had been seen in before. Andrews starred in 10 (1979), S.O.B. (1981) and Victor Victoria (1982), which earned her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress in a Leading Role. [PAR] She continued acting throughout the 1980s and 1990s in movies and TV, hosting several specials and starring in a short-lived sitcom. In 2001, she starred in The Princess Diaries (2001), alongside then-newcomer Anne Hathaway . The family film was one of the most successful G-Rated films of that year, and Andrews reprised her role as Queen Clarisse Renaldi in The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004). In recent years, Andrews appeared in Tooth Fairy (2010), as well as a number of voice roles in Shrek 2 (2004), Shrek the Third (2007), Enchanted (2007), Shrek Forever After (2010), and Despicable Me (2010). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Tommy Peter and Volker Boehm [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Her very regal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal - avenir | Pearltrees Royal - avenir | Pearltrees [PAR] Royal [PAR] George V of the United Kingdom. George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 \u2013 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death. [PAR] Mary of Teck. Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 \u2013 24 March 1953) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V. [PAR] Although technically a princess of Teck, in the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, she was born and raised in England. Her parents were Francis, Duke of Teck, who was of German extraction, and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, a member of the British Royal Family. She was informally known as \"May\", after her birth month. Prince John of the United Kingdom. Prince John of the United Kingdom (John Charles Francis; 12 July 1905 \u2013 18 January 1919) was the fifth son and youngest of the six children of King George V and his wife, Queen Mary. [PAR] At the time of John's birth, his father was the Prince of Wales and heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, Edward VII. In 1910, George succeeded to the throne upon Edward's death and John became fifth in the line of succession. In 1909, John was discovered to be afflicted by epilepsy and was also believed to suffer from some form of mental retardation or even autism. As his condition deteriorated, he was sent to live at Sandringham House and was kept away from the public eye. There, he was cared for by his governess, \"Lala\" Bill and befriended local children whom his mother had gathered to be his playmates. Prince John's seclusion has subsequently been brought forward as evidence for the inhumanity of the royal family. Biography[edit] Birth[edit] Early life and illness[edit] Death[edit] Prince George, Duke of Kent. The Prince George, Duke of Kent KG KT GCMG GCVO (George Edward Alexander Edmund; 20 December 1902 \u2013 25 August 1942) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth son and fifth child of King George V and Queen Mary, and younger brother of Kings Edward VIII and George VI. [PAR] He held the title of Duke of Kent from 1934 until his death in a military air-crash. His death, on 25 August 1942, marked the first death of a member of the Royal Family on active service for 500 years.[1] Early life[edit] Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark. Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent GCVO GBE CI (n\u00e9e Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03af\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2; 13 December [O.S. 30 November] 1906[2] \u2013 27 August 1968) was the wife of Prince George, Duke of Kent, the fourth son of King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck.[3] Princess Marina's marriage was the most recent occasion on which a foreign-born princess married into the British royal family. [PAR] Early life[edit] Prince Michael of Kent. Prince Michael of Kent GCVO KStJ (Michael George Charles Franklin; born 4 July 1942) is a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary, making him a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. [PAR] He is also the first cousin once removed of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and a great-great grandson of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and his first wife, Empress Marie Alexandrovna. Prince Michael occasionally carries out royal duties representing the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Old King Cole - Nursery Rhymes Old King Cole [PAR] Old King Cole [PAR] Old King Cole was a merry old soul [PAR] And a merry old soul was he; [PAR] He called for his pipe, and he called for his bowl [PAR] And he called for his fiddlers three. [PAR] Every fiddler he had a fiddle, [PAR] And a very fine fiddle had he; [PAR] Oh there's none so rare, as can compare [PAR] With King Cole and his fiddlers three. [PAR] History: [PAR] Iona and Peter Opie consider the 'Old King Cole' of nursery school poem reputation was actually 'Old Cole' (alias Thomas Cole-brook), a hypothetical 12th century Reading fabric merchant whose tale was recounted by Thomas Deloney in his The Enjoyable History of Thomas of Reading (circa 1598). A number of analysts believe it improbable that the nursery school rhyme was printed earlier than 1585, when Sir Walter Raleigh introduced tobacco into England. Others think the \"pipe\" referred to may not have been a smoking pipe, but quite a melodic instrument, or a gauge of wine. The hypothesis that \"pipe\" refers to a melodic device (almost certainly some form of woodwind device) is further suggested by the last words of the song \"there's none so rare, As can contrast With King Cole and his fiddlers three\", which appear to propose that King Cole and his fiddlers played composition jointly as a group. The word \"pipe\" is frequently used as an \"casual word for a flute or recorder\". The statement ceol really means melody in Gaelic, and this may be the source of the name in the rhyme. [PAR] A well-liked British fable tells us that there is said to have been a King Cole living in the township of Colchester in Essex in the third century AD. In about 1129, Henry of Huntingdon claimed that Cole was the father of St Helena and consequently grandfather of the Roman Emperor, Constantine the Great. 'Colchester' can be interpreted as meaning 'Cole's castle', though it is usually thought to derive from the River Coln, itself named after the Roman colonia established there. The township as well contains an old Roman excavation called 'King Cole's Kitchen'. In his mainly imaginary Historia Regum Britanniae, Geoffrey of Monmouth lists a Ruler Cole as a king of the Britons subsequent the sovereignty of King Asclepiodotus. Geoffrey expands Cole's tale, stating that, upset with Asclepiodotus's conduct of Diocletian's massacres, he began a revolt in the duchy of Caercolun (Colchester), of which he was duke. He met Asclepiodotus in combat and killed him, therefore winning the kingship of Britain upon himself. Rome, it seems that, was delighted that Britain had a new ruler and sent a senator, Constantius Chlorus, to talk with Cole. Frightened of the Romans, Cole met Constantius and decided to pay honor and submit to Roman laws as long as he was permitted to keep the kingship of Britain. Constantius approved to these conditions but, one month later, Cole died. Constantius married Cole's daughter, St Helena, and crowned himself as Coel's heir. Helen later gave birth to a son who became the Emperor, Constantine the Great. Local client kings merely survived for a few years after the Roman attack, but leading tribal families may still have held positions of authority at this later era. This nature is, however, most probable to be a reminiscence of the grand pre-Roman King Cunobelinus of the Catuvellauni tribe \u2013 Shakespeare's Cymbeline \u2013 who made Colchester his capital."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] June 07, 1966 : Reagan nominated for governor of California June 07, 1966 : Reagan nominated for governor of California [PAR] Introduction [PAR] A former actor named Ronald Reagan receives the Republican nomination for governor of California on this day in 1966. He won the election that November and was sworn in on January 2, 1967. Reagan\u2019s tenure as the Golden State\u2019s governor gave him credibility as a political leader, paving the way for his victory in the 1980 presidential election. [PAR] Reagan was born in Illinois and worked as a construction worker, lifeguard and radio announcer before becoming an actor. His first stint at political leadership was as president of the Screen Actors\u2019 Guild from 1947 to 1952. Originally a Democrat, Reagan had grown dissatisfied with New Deal policies and in 1960 switched to the Republican Party. He then started putting his Hollywood fame to work campaigning for Republican candidates. Eventually, Reagan\u2019s charisma and popularity as an actor and a rousing speech he delivered in support of presidential candidate Barry Goldwater in 1964 convinced the California Republican Party to back him for governor in 1966. [PAR] Reagan served two terms as governor of California from 1967 to 1975, presiding over the tumultuous Vietnam War protest era of the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1969, he called on National Guard troops to quell a protest on the University of California at Berkeley campus, saying, \u201cIf it takes a bloodbath, let\u2019s get it over with, no more appeasement.\u201d His first two presidential campaigns, in 1968 and 1976, failed, but his stature as a national player in politics rose with both attempts. In 1980, he successfully challenged embattled Democratic incumbent Jimmy Carter for the presidency, and ushered in an era of New Conservatism in American politics. [PAR] Reagan was the first actor to be elected president after two centuries dominated by lawyers and soldiers. He was also the only California governor to hold the office. He served as the 40th president for two terms between 1981 and 1989. [PAR] Article Details: [PAR] June 07, 1966 : Reagan nominated for governor of California [PAR] Author [PAR] June 07, 1966 : Reagan nominated for governor of California [PAR] URL[DOC] [TLE] Governors of California - Ronald Reagan Governors of California - Ronald Reagan [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Born: February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois [PAR] Died: June 5, 2004 in Los Angeles, California [PAR] Married: Nancy Davis on March 4, 1952 [PAR] Political Party: Republican [PAR] Wife: Jane Wyman, Nancy Davis [PAR] Children: Maureen and Michael (with Jane Wyman), [PAR] Patricia and Ronald (with Nancy Davis) [PAR] Find out more about the time period and interests of Ronald Reagan [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Reagan holds the distinction of being the only California governor to become President of the United States [PAR] On February 6, 1998, Washington National Airport was renamed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport by a bill signed into law by President Bill Clinton [PAR] Biography [PAR] Ronald Wilson Reagan was born February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois. Most of his childhood was spent in Dixon, Illinois, a small town about 100 miles west of Chicago. Reagan won a scholarship to study at Eureka College near Peoria, Illinois and majored in economics. He was also drawn toward acting, but upon graduation in 1932 the only job available related to show business was as a local radio sportscaster. In 1933 he became a sportscaster for station WHO in Des Moines, Iowa. [PAR] In 1937 Reagan went to Hollywood and began an acting career that spanned more than 25 years. He played"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Language in Tunisia, Tunisia | TourismTunisia.com The Language in Tunisia, Tunisia | TourismTunisia.com [PAR] The Language in Tunisia [PAR] Please Like: [PAR] In Tunisia, there are primarily three languages used: the local Tunisian dialect, Arabic and French. [PAR] Tunisians are adept at languages, and schools promote this study. Modern Standard Arabic, or Literary Arabic, is the official language of Tunisia. Important documents are written in Modern Arabic, as well as street signs, shops and restaurants. [PAR] Tunisian is also closely related to Maltese, which is not considered to be a dialect of Arabic for sociolinguistic reasons [PAR] Arabic is the language that all literate speakers of Tunisia understand and can speak some of. Classical Arabic, used in the Koran, has been considered the tree of which all spoken varieties of Arabic have branched out from, including Modern Standard Arabic. Tunisian children are taught to speak, read and write in classical Arabic. Arabic is one of the languages of commerce in Tunisia. [PAR] [PAR] Arabic [PAR] [PAR] The majority of Tunisians are also fluent in French. In school, French is taught to children from the age of eight. French is also used on shop signs, menus and road signs, as well as Modern Standard Arabic. [PAR] [PAR] Commerce between tourists and locals is driven either in Arabic or French. Over 60% of the population of Tunisia is literate in French, and half of Tunisian newspapers are in French. French is also used in secondary education. [PAR] [PAR] French [PAR] [PAR] The third language of Tunisia is Tunisian Arabic. Known locally as Darija (meaning dialect) or Tunsi (meaning Tunisian), Tunisian Arabic is very different from Classical or Modern Standard Arabic. Considered a derivative of Classical Arabic, Tunisian Arabic has a vocabulary that is Arabic. However, many of its words are French, Turkish, Italian, Spanish and Berber \u2013 all the cultures that have influenced this great country. [PAR] [PAR] Spoken by 11 million people, Darija is spoken in Tunisia. Similar dialects of Darija are spoken in parts of Algeria and Libya. Visitors to Tunisia who are fluent in Arabic may not understand Tunisian Arabic, but will be pleased that Tunisians can also communicate in Standard Arabic .While Modern Standard Arabic is the official language of Tunisia, Tunisian Arabic is its native language. [PAR] [PAR] Tunisian Arabic, or Darija, is a spoken language. Darija is now being used in on-line conversation. Being more recognized, especially by the younger generation, Darija is evolving. New words in French and English have been integrated, as well as technological terms. Antiquated French and Spanish words are being replaced with Standard Arabic. Derija is a familial dialect and more of a people\u2019s language than the formality of Modern Standard Arabic. [PAR] [PAR] English [PAR] [PAR] Now a compulsory subject, taught from the age of 10, English may soon become Tunisia\u2019s third official language. Many of Tunisia\u2019s official documents are now being translated into English as well as French. [PAR] [PAR] There is a small minority (1%) in Tunisia that speaks Shelha, a Berber language. [PAR] [PAR] European vacationers from France and Germany have long been drawn to Tunisia\u2019s fine beaches. The German language is now spoken in Tunisia\u2019s major cities. [PAR] [PAR] Offering Modern Standard Arabic, French, Tunisian Arabic or Darija, English and German, Tunisians are able to convey all of their warmth to you in your native language. Tunisia wants you to enjoy all the pleasures and sights of their amazing country, free of barriers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meadowhall Station | Trains to Meadowhall \u2013 Trainline Meadowhall Station | Trains to Meadowhall \u2013 Trainline [PAR] Trains to Meadowhall [PAR] Share this route [PAR] Meadowhall Interchange in Sheffield opened in 1990 at the same time as the Meadowhall Shopping Centre, linked to the station via a footbridge over the River Don. When it opened, Meadowhall was the second largest shopping centre in the country, and, today, it remains in the top ten. Thanks to Meadowhall Interchange, it is one of the few out-of-town shopping centres in the country fully integrated into the public transport network via the buses, trains and trams that all call at the station. Alongside over 280 stores, Meadowhall also boasts the huge Oasis Dining Quarter with its numerous restaurants and other food outlets, and an eleven-screen multiplex cinema. Meadowhall Interchange is north of Sheffield city centre alongside the M1 motorway. The Supertram route from the city centre to Meadowhall passes the Motorpoint Arena, Ice Sheffield, Don Valley Stadium and the English Institute of Sport on its 15-minute journey. [PAR] Station details & facilities [PAR] Meadowhall Interchange railway station is connected to the bus station and the shopping centre via a ramp and a walkway. At this entrance, you will also find the ticket office, a waiting room with toilets, and platforms for the Supertram. The four train platforms are linked by a bridge with steps and a ramp down to each. A further waiting room with toilets is on platform 2. The station has a free car park with 307 spaces. [PAR] Ticket Office [PAR] Lost Property phone number : 0333 222 0125 [PAR] Facilities [PAR] Telephones type : Coins and cards [PAR] Customer help points : False [PAR] Carpark name : Station Car Park [PAR] Carpark operator : South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive [PAR] Car parking spaces : 307 [PAR] Accessibility [PAR] Step-free access : Whole station [PAR] Step-free access notes : Step-free access to all platforms via fairly steep ramps (up to 50m long). [PAR] Ramps for train access : [PAR] Accessible Booking Office counter : False [PAR] Trains to Meadowhall [PAR] Railway booking office, Meadowhall Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S9 1JQ [PAR] Ticket Office Hours[DOC] [TLE] Meadowhall Interchange Railway Station and Sheffield ... Meadowhall Interchange Railway Station and Sheffield Supertram - YouTube [PAR] Meadowhall Interchange Railway Station and Sheffield Supertram [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 18, 2014 [PAR] A look at Meadowhall Interchange Railway Station on the afternoon of Tuesday 18th November 2014. [PAR] Meadowhall Interchange serves the huge Meadowhall shopping complex just to the north of Sheffield and is on the line from Sheffield to Leeds and Doncaster. The station is served by Northern Rail stopping services running between Leeds and Sheffield and Nottingham and also First Transpennine Express fast services between Cleethorpes and Manchester Airport. Arriva Crosscountry services running between Birmingham New Street and destionations such as Newcastle and Edinburgh also pass through here. [PAR] The station is also the terminating point for the Sheffield Supertram system as seen at the end of this video. [PAR] Click on the following link for a full history and description of the station:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] the history of tottenham hotspur - Welcome to MEHSTG History Of THFC [PAR] the history of tottenham hotspur [PAR] [PAR] HOW IT ALL STARTED [PAR] The history of Tottenham Hotspur began under a street lamp just across the road from what is now the Spurs Store on High Street Tottenham, London N17. Some players from the local cricket club and the local grammar school - St. John's Presbyterian - were at a loss as to what to get up to during the winter and so they decided to start playing football. This was back in 1882. Unsure about what to call themselves, they named themselves after the youngest son of the Duke of Northumberland, Percy, who went by the nickname of \"Harry Hotspur\". It was the valiant nature of his derring-do heroics, that they thought it was an appropriate title to adopt, so Hotspur FC was born. Under the chairmanship of the Reverend John Ripsher, the club was reorganised in 1883, took to wearing all navy blue and played their games at Tottenham Marshes. [PAR] The following year saw the club renamed \"Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic club\" and in 1885, Spurs played their first competitive match against St. Albans in the London Association Cup, winning the game 5-2. By this time, the kit had transformed into light blue and white halved shirts and a credit balance of nine shillings was recorded !! [PAR] In 1887, Spurs had their first match against the \"old enemy\" (then called Royal) Arsenal and they were denied a 2-1 win as the game was abandoned because of darkness 15 minutes from the end of the match. It was the year after this that Tottenham Hotspur moved their ground location to Northumberland Park and they charged the princely sum of 3d (1p) to get in !! In 1890, a further kit change saw the shirts change to red in an act which was tantamount to heresy. They did stick with the navy blue shorts though. [PAR] 16th December 1895 was an important date in Spurs' history because they adopted professionalism and the following year also contained some milestones. A friendly against Aston Villa attracted 6,000 to the ground, the club were elected to the Southern League Division One and the colours were changed to chocolate and gold stripes. Indeed, the next year saw Tottenham reach their first (of many) Cup Finals, losing out to Wellingborough 0-2 in the local Charity cup competition. [PAR] 1898 was another landmark year in the history of the club as it became a limited company and the attendance record swelled to 14,000 for a match against Woolwich Arsenal. Perhaps the most significant move of this year was the adoption of the colours of the \"Invincibles\" of Preston North End, who had done \"the Double\" and so Spurs first became associated with the white shirts and navy blue shorts for which they are now world famous. [PAR] [PAR] HOME AT LAST AND A TROPHY TOO [PAR] In the final year of the century, Tottenham made a move to the current location -White Hart Lane - the world famous home of Tottenham Hotspur. The 35,000 capacity stadium was almost called \"Gilpin Park\", but gradually became known as White Hart Lane. The first game there was a match against Notts. County and the receipts totalled \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd115. The move heralded success for the club and in 1900, Tottenham won the Southern League and the big success came in 1901, when Tottenham Hotspur became the first non-league team ever to win the FA Cup. They beat Sheffield United 3-1 at Bolton after holding"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Question - Number of Presidents Who Were Assassinated Question - Number of Presidents Who Were Assassinated [PAR] All four of them were killed by shooting. Interestingly enough, they were also all victims of Tecumseh's Curse . [PAR] Learn More:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jeff Banks - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD Jeff Banks - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD [PAR] Jeff Banks [PAR] A word from the EIC [PAR] Partnerships / Cooperations [PAR] Become a fashion editor on FMD [PAR] Content / Usage Questions [PAR] Why am I listed on FMD? [PAR] How can I submit content? [PAR] Credifair (credit for your work) [PAR] DMCA + Content MGMT [PAR] the pure fashion news agency [PAR] January 17th [PAR] ASAP Rocky and Boy George Star in Dior Homme's New Campaign [PAR] Irina Shayk Lands Two Vogue Brazil Covers [PAR] Weekly News roundup: Jan 9 - Jan 13 [PAR] Meet Ify Jones, our January 2017 Model of the Month [PAR] About [PAR] Jeff Banks is a renowned Welsh designer of both men's and women's clothing, jewellery, and home furnishings. [PAR] Jeff Banks was born in 1943 in Ebbw Vale, Wales, U.K. His sheet metal worker father left his mother when Banks was aged eight, and she resultantly decided to move to London, England. [PAR] Offered a scholarship to independent grammar school St Dunstan's College in Catford, South London, his mother couldn't afford the uniform so he got a round delivering paraffin on a wheelbarrow - by aged 13 he had employed a man to drive a lorry based tanker, and sold the business aged 15. [PAR] Encouraged by a teacher to study art and become a painter, he realised his art skills were limited during his first year at London's Camberwell School of Art, and so transferred to studying interior design and latterly textiles at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design from 1959 to 1962. He then went to the United States, where he studied at the Parsons School of Design, in New York. [PAR] Banks holds honorary degrees from the University of Lancaster, East London, Newcastle & Northumbria, University College for the Creative Arts, and the University of Westminster, and is a Doctor of Arts. [PAR] In 1964, with money saved from the paraffin business and his father mortgaging his own home, Banks opened the boutique Clobber in London, where he sold garments of his own designs as well as those designed by others. [PAR] It proved to be such a success that in 1969, he launched his own fashion label. [PAR] In 1975 he opened the first standalone Jeff Banks shop in London, as well as retail outlets in twenty-two department stores, including Harrods and Harvey Nichols. [PAR] In 1974, he became involved with the establishment of the Warehouse Utility chain of shops which provides inexpensive fashions in bold colours, for a predominantly young market. [PAR] He has also worked freelance for a number of companies, including Liberty of London. Throughout the 1970's and 80's, Banks was completely in tune with contemporary fashion. With an imaginative use of inexpensive fabrics, he was able to provide young women with access to fashion without compromising taste. [PAR] After the Warehouse was taken over by retail chain Sears, he was sacked for being disruptive in board meetings - a decision he never regrets. In 1979 and 1981 Jeff became British Designer of the Year, and in 1980 he was made British Coat Designer of the Year. [PAR] Banks' standing as a commercial force in retail fashion led to his presenting over 320 episodes of The Clothes Show, the BBC's long-running fashion show, alongside Selina Scott and Caryn Franklin. The show's success of often gaining over 10million viewers, led in 1989 to the first \"Clothes Show Live\" event at the NEC Birmingham, as well as the launch of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Income Tax \u2013 Politics news, UK political Income Tax [PAR] Income Tax [PAR] Income Tax [PAR] What is Income Tax? [PAR] Income Tax is the principal form of direct personal taxation in the UK. It takes the form of a proportion of a person's earnings, which is collected by HM Revenue & Customs and passed to the Treasury. Income Tax was previously collected by the Inland Revenue, but in April 2005, Inland Revenue merged with HM Customs and Excise Departments to form the present HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). [PAR] The main forms of income that are liable to Income Tax are earnings from employment and self-employment, retirement pensions, profits from business, income from property, interest on savings and dividends from investments. It is also payable on Jobseeker's Allowance and tips and bonuses. [PAR] Deductions for Income Tax are usually made \"at source\": that is, they are deducted by the paying authority (the employer) and passed to HMRC without ever reaching the individual. Self-employed people, however, must assess their own tax liabilities and make any necessary payments to the taxation authorities themselves. [PAR] The types of income exempt from Income Tax are most means-tested benefits, employer or employee pension contributions, student grants, loans or scholarships, and earnings from certain types of saving products, such as National Savings Certificates and Individual Savings Accounts. [PAR] UK residents are allowed to earn or receive a certain amount of taxable income each year tax-free. This is known as a 'Personal Allowance'. A Blind Person's Allowance may also be added to the Personal Allowance for those registered blind. [PAR] For people under 65, the Income Tax personal allowance (the amount you can earn before you pay tax) increased to \u00a39,440 in April 2013. [PAR] For people over 65, related allowances froze in April 2013. [PAR] From 2014-15, taxpayers will receive a new Personal Tax Statement, telling them how much Income Tax and National Insurance they have paid and what their money is being spent on. [PAR] [PAR] Background [PAR] Income Tax was the first tax in British history to be levied directly on people's earnings. It was introduced in 1799 by the then Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger, as a temporary measure to cover the cost of the Napoleonic Wars. [PAR] Today, it remains a temporary tax, which expires on April 5 each year, and has to be renewed as a provision in the annual Finance Bill. The Provisional Collection of Taxes Act 1913 permits the Government to continue to collect Income Tax for up to four months after the expiry of the measure, until the Finance Bill becomes law. [PAR] Deduction at source was introduced in 1803 by Henry Addington. At this time, the amount charged was reduced from the original rate of 10 per cent on incomes in excess of \u00a360 per annum, but the earnings threshold was widened to double the size of the liable population. [PAR] Income Tax was formally repealed in 1816, a year after the Battle of Waterloo, but it was reintroduced in 1842 by Sir Robert Peel to deal with a massive public deficit. At this time, it was levied only on the very rich, and it remained so for many years. In 1874, it contributed only \u00a36 million of Government revenues of \u00a377 million. [PAR] Income Tax rose dramatically in the early 20th Century. A new range of taxes and rates was introduced in 1907 by Herbert Asquith. In 1909, an alternative to Income Tax for high levels of earnings, called the \"Surtax\" or \"Super Tax\" was introduced. Super Tax survived until 1973, when"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil | Market Research Reports\u00ae Inc. Brazil | Market Research Reports\u00ae Inc. [PAR] [PAR] Political environment [PAR] Brazil, which managed to weather the recession well, is continuing its growth momentum as it establishes a more prominent place for itself in the global market. High tax and interest rates, however, have surfaced as major concerns, coupled with increasing inflation. This report identifies certain pportunities in Brazil to break away from these constraints. Brazil is the world\u2019s fifth most populous nation, which offers huge market opportunities with a growing skilled labor force available at lower cost. This has opened up the door for 100% FDI in such major sectors as iron and bauxite reserves, and oil and gas, which contributes to the economic stability of the country. Brazil\u2019s R&D spending is less than the average in the advanced economies and the government is focused on addressing that shortcoming. Brazil's environmental concerns are evident in the voluntary steps taken to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. [PAR] [PAR] Economical Environment [PAR] From an economic perspective, Brazil emerges as one of the most stable and prosperous countries in Latin America with a $2.47 trillion GDP in 2011. The Brazilian economy is anticipated to grow to $3.17 trillion by 2017with a 4.3% CAGR during 2012-2017. Strong domestic demand is a key driver for the Brazilian economy. Brazil's large population offers the basis for a strong work force that represents a solid driver for the country\u2019s economic development. The country\u2019s natural resources also contribute to Brazil\u2019s economic growth. Brazil is the fastest-growing economy in Latin America and has the largest number of sectors open for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). With new economic policies, Brazil is attracting more FDI and foreign institutional investors. Brazil's political stability has been a boon to the country, making it a favorable destination for foreign direct investment and institutional investors. The economy also reflects a low risk from the euro crisis. The Brazilian economy is vexed by steep interest rates and a high tax rate structure. While high taxes are increasing the price of goods and services produced in Brazil, the interest rates have suppressed the growth of the real estate and automobile sectors, among others. Another major challenge for the Brazilian economy is the regional economic disparity present in the country. Brazil faces many challenges in terms of income inequality and the nation\u2019s high crime rate. A stable Brazilian government and its economic reform policies, however, are anticipated to steer the economy through its trials, leading to economic growth over the long term. The current and projected economic situations in Brazil make it one of the more favorable destinations for investments in various sectors such as energy, automotive, retail, and construction. [PAR] [PAR] Social Environment [PAR] According to OECD, in Brazil, 88% of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in a time of need, less than the OECD average of 90%.There is a 3 percentage point difference between men and women, as 90% of men believe they have this kind of social support, compared with 87% of women. Brazilian society is more markedly divided by social class lines, although a high income disparity is found between race groups, so racism and classism can be conflated. Socially significant closeness to one racial group is taken in account more in the basis of appearance rather than ancestry, to the extent that full siblings can pertain to different racial groups. The most popular sport in Brazil is football. The Brazilian national football team is ranked among the best in the world according to the FIFA World Rankings, and has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Esotropia - causes, symptoms and treatment Esotropia - causes, symptoms and treatment [PAR] Esotropia [PAR] DICTIONARY EYESIGHT INFO FOOD 4 EYES [PAR] What is Esotropia [PAR] Esotropia, a form of Strabismus , is the inward deviation (turn) of an eye and occurs in 1.2% of children by 7 years of age and occurs equally in males and females. In esotropia, one or both eyes turn in while in exotropia one or both eyes turn out. [PAR] Pseudoesotropia refers to the appearance of crossed eyes in a child whose eyes are actually perfectly aligned in relation to each other. This is common in infants and younger children who have a broad, flat bridge of the nose which allows the skin on the inner part of the eyelids to extend over and cover the inner part of the eye. The sclera (the white part of the eye) closest to the nose becomes partially covered, especially when the child looks toward either side, and a crossed eye appearance is simulated. As the face matures and the nasal bones grow, the skin is pulled forward and away from the eye, thereby eliminating the crossed eye appearance. [PAR] Congenital Esotropia [PAR] \"Congenital\" means from birth and, using this strict definition, most infants are born with eyes that are not aligned at birth. Only 23% of infants are born with straight eyes. In the majority of cases, one eye or the other actually turns outward during the neonatal period. Within the first three months the eyes gradually come into more consistent alignment as coordination of the two eyes together as a team develops. [PAR] True congenital esotropia is an inward turn of a large amount, and is present in very few children, but the infant will not grow out of this turn. True infantile esotropia usually appears between the ages of 2 and 4 months. [PAR] Infantile Esotropia [PAR] The baby with infantile esotropia usually cross fixates, which means that he or she uses either eye to look in the opposite direction. The right eye is used to look toward the left side, and the left eye is used to look toward the right side. By definition, they alternate which eye they are looking with. It is possible to help this type of strabismus with non-surgical methods, such as Eyerobics and/or glasses. Sometimes, clear tape applied to the inner third of each lens (occlusion) can reduce the tendency to turn inward. Prisms may aid alignment if the turn is not too large. [PAR] Some children who develop strabismus , in which coordination between the two eyes is poor, also have atypical gross motor development patterns. They typically skip the crawling stage with bilateral movements, and go right from creeping to standing. The interplay between gross motor, particularly balance systems (stems (cerebellar and vestibular) and binocular systems (motor control of the two eyes) is evident in the large number of young children with cerebral palsy who have strabismus. [PAR] If the inward turn of the eye is constant, and of a large amount, surgery may be indicated. Improved alignment may look better cosmetically, but it does not necessarily enable the brain to utilize information from both eyes together. Stereopsis , or two-eyed depth perception, is often poor following surgical treatment. [PAR] If amblyopia is present (poorer vision in the turned eye), therapy like Eyerobics which includes patching is often required so that the turned eye develops the capacity to see as well as the better eye. It is best to do this before surgery. [PAR] The chance of developing binocular vision with surgery alone diminishes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Rules of Rounders - Masters Traditional Games Rounders Rules [PAR] The bowler must bowl a ball towards the batter so that: [PAR] it is thrown with a smooth underarm action [PAR] the ball arrives without bouncing and within the batters square [PAR] the ball is above the batter's knee, below the batter's head, and not at the batter's body [PAR] the bowler's feet are inside the bowler's square when the ball is bowled [PAR] otherwise a 'no-ball' is called. [PAR] A batter can attempt to hit a no-ball and can run on a no-ball, if desired whether the ball is hit or not, but cannot return once first post is reached. If two consecutive no-balls are bowled to the same batter, the batter scores a half-rounder. [PAR] [PAR] Batting [PAR] The batter gets one chance to hit the ball (ignoring no-balls) and must run even if the ball is not struck. [PAR] If the ball is hit behind the batting square or not hit at all, the batter may can only run to first base. [PAR] Otherwise, the batter runs around as many of the bases as possible and stops at a post only when the batter thinks there is a danger of the next post being 'stumped'. [PAR] The batter is out if: [PAR] the batter hits the ball and it is caught without first hitting the ground [PAR] the post being run to is 'stumped' - a fielder touches it with the ball [PAR] the batter runs inside a post [PAR] the batter loses contact with a post when the bowler has the ball inside the bowler's square [PAR] the batter overtakes a fellow batter when running around the posts. [PAR] while not running between posts, the batter obstructs a fielder [PAR] the batter's foot is outside the batter's square when the ball is bowled [PAR] [PAR] Scoring Rounders [PAR] A score is immediately posted in the following situations: [PAR] If the batter hits the ball or is bowled a no ball and then reaches the fourth post, a rounder is scored. [PAR] If the batter fails to hit the ball and reaches the fourth post, a half-rounder is scored. [PAR] If the batter hits the ball and reaches the second post, a half-rounder is scored. [PAR] A fielder obstructs a batter running to a post, a half-rounder is scored. [PAR] If the batter hits the ball and reaches the first, second or third post without being out, the batter stays at that post (and must keep in contact with it) until the next ball is bowled. As soon as the ball leaves the bowler's hand, such a batter can run to the next post, if they wish, even if a no-ball is called. [PAR] If the batter does not keep contact with the post, the fielding side can stump the next post to get the player out. 2 batters cannot be at the same post so a batter must run on to the next post if the next batter catches up with them. [PAR] A batter who continues in this way and reaches the fourth post scores a half-rounder. [PAR] Once the fourth post is reached, the person goes to the back of the batter's line and awaits their next turn to bat. [PAR] [PAR] After both sides have played both innings, the side with the most rounders wins. [PAR] Other Rounders Rules [PAR] The above rules are consistent with the National Rounders Associations laws. However, those wishing to play more strictly, may also wish to incorporate the following NRA rules which aren't really"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Donald Sutherland - IMDb Donald Sutherland - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Official Photos \u00bb [PAR] The towering presence of Canadian actor Donald Sutherland is often noticed, as are his legendary contributions to cinema. He has appeared in almost 200 different shows and films. He is also the father of renowned actor Kiefer Sutherland , among others. Donald McNichol Sutherland was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, to Dorothy Isobel (McNichol) and... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA.com - FIFA World Cup\u2122 FIFA.com - FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] You're logging in with Facebook [PAR] You're logging in with Twitter [PAR] You're logging in with Google+ [PAR] Connect [PAR] Login Error [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] This Facebook account is already present [PAR] Your Club account has been locked due to a breach of our Terms of Service. Please set up a new account in line with the Club rules. Review the Club Rules . Alternatively, you can email us by completing our contact form . [PAR] Please enter a valid email address [PAR] The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. [PAR] Log-in unsuccessful [PAR] FIFA World Cup\u2122 [PAR] \u00a9 Foto-net [PAR] The FIFA World Cup\u2122 is the biggest single-event sporting competition in the world and is contested by the senior men's national teams from the 208 Member Associations of FIFA. [PAR] The competition has been played every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. [PAR] It fulfils FIFA\u2019s objectives to touch the world, develop the game, and build a better future through a variety of ways. [PAR] Tournament format [PAR] The current format of the tournament involves 32 teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of one month \u2013 this phase is often called the Final Competition. A qualification phase, the Preliminary Competition which currently takes place over the preceding three years, is used to determine which teams qualify for the tournament together with the host nation(s). [PAR] The preliminary competition for the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil\u2122 sees a total of 204 entries across six continents competing for 31 available spots. For the last FIFA World Cup, 200 teams played a total of 853 matches as 31 teams qualified for South Africa. [PAR] Both the preliminary and final competitions act as a massive promotion for the game of football and for the host nation(s) and are therefore wonderful opportunities to help promote values of respect, fair play and discipline to the watching world. [PAR] Understandably, the organisation of such an event is a huge task for FIFA and the Local Organising Committee and is therefore one of the main activities of FIFA over a four-year period. [PAR] Facts and figures [PAR] The 19 FIFA World Cup tournaments have been won by eight different national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other winners are Italy, with four titles; Germany, with three wins; Argentina and inaugural winners Uruguay, with two; and England, France, and Spain, with one title each. [PAR] The FIFA World Cup is the world's most widely viewed sporting event; an estimated 715.1 million people watched the final match of the 2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany and the 2010 event in South Africa was broadcast to 204 countries on 245 different channels. Inside the stadiums, a total of 3,170,856 spectators attended the 64 matches an average of 49,670 per match and the third highest aggregate attendance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Illuminati News: Was The Assassination Of The Former ... Illuminati News: Was The Assassination Of The Former Italian Prime Minister, Ordered By Henry Kissinger [PAR] Bettino Craxi (1934-2000) [PAR] [PAR] \"America's \"nobility\" were doing their share to destroy the Republic of Italy, a notable contribution having come from Richard Gardner even while in his official capacity as President Carter's ambassador to Rome. At that time Gardner was operating under the direct control of Bettino Craxi , an important member of the Club of Rome and a key man in NATO. Craxi was the leading edge of the conspirators' attempts to destroy the Italian Republic. As we shall see, Craxi was almost successful in ruining Italy, and as the conspirators hierarchy's leading player, was able to get divorce and abortion pushed through the Italian Parliament, resulting in the most far-reaching and destructive religious and social changes ever to strike at the Catholic Church, and consequently, the morals of the Italian nation. [PAR] [PAR] \"After President Ronald Reagan was elected, an important meeting was held in Washington D.C. in December 1980 under the auspices of the Club of Rome and the Socialist International. Both these organizations are directly responsible to the Committee of 300. The main agenda was to formulate ways and means of how to neutralize the Reagan presidency. A group plan was adopted and, as we look back, it is perfectly clear that the plan the conspirators agreed to follow has been very successful.\" [PAR] [PAR] Looking back at the explosive testimony by Guerzoni linking Kissinger to the Moro assassination, it is interesting to note it was covered extensively by the Italian media, but not a peep was heard in the U.S. as the big from the wire services and the Post and Time suppressed every word of the Guerzoni testimony to the American public. The mainstream media further suppressed key testimony by several Red Brigades members about how Moro was brutally shot to death and how they knew of high-level U.S. involvement in the plot to kill Moro. [PAR] [PAR] During the years following the Moro killing, I saw up close and personal how the U.S. was orchestrating terrorism in Italy, working undercover with the P2 Masonic Lodge and the Vatican, in the very same manner terrorism and a propaganda-based media is being orchestrated today in America. [PAR] [PAR] And to put icing on the cake, leading to a journalistic hiatus near the Adriatic Sea, came the shocking discovery that Black Ops CIA money was also controlling the English language newspaper in Rome and all the other news coming out of the American wire services. [PAR] [PAR] Although the news outlets were shut off, Dr. Coleman provided a behind the scenes look at really happened to Moro even though his writings found a long and hard road, never really reaching the mainstream. [PAR] [PAR] \"In June and July of 1982, the wife of Aldo Moro testified in open court that her husband's murder came about as a result of serious threats against his life, made by what she called \"a high ranking United States political figure,\" writes Dr. Coleman. \"Mrs. Eleanora Moro repeated the precise phrase reportedly used by Kissinger in the sworn testimony of Guerzoni: \"Either you stop your political line or you will pay dearly for it.\" [PAR] [PAR] \"Recalled by the judge, Guerzoni was asked if he could identify the person Mrs. Moro was talking about. Guerzoni replied that it was indeed Henry Kissinger as he had previously intimated. [PAR] [PAR] Guerzoni went on to explain to the court that Kissinger had made his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Measure a Horse's Height - About.com Home How to Measure a Horse's Height [PAR] How to Measure a Horse's Height [PAR] How to Measure a Horse's Height [PAR] How Tall is Your Horse? Here's How to Find Out [PAR] Using a measuring stick to determine a pony's height. Bob Langrish / Getty Images [PAR] By Katherine Blocksdorf [PAR] Updated October 03, 2016. [PAR] Chances are, if you read ads selling horses, or someone is telling you about the height of their horse, they will use the word \u2018 hands \u2019 to express the measurement. For example, a very tall horse might be 17 HH. A pony is an equine under 14.2 HH. HH or H stands \u2018hands high\u2019 or \u2018hands\u2019. [PAR] Hands is a measuring unit that has been used for several centuries. The measurement may, in fact, trace back to the Ancient Egyptians . A hand represents four inches or approximately the width of a male adult\u2019s hand. However, horses are not exclusively measured in hands. In some countries and for FEI competition, horses are measured in centimetres . Ponies, Miniature Horses , and other diminutive equines may also be measured in centimetres or in inches rather than hands. [PAR] Hands and Other Measurements [PAR] When measuring in hands, partial hand widths are expressed in inches. So a horse that is 14.2 hands is 14 hands plus 2 inches. The total inches would be 58 inches. A horse could never be said to be 14.5 inches, as the number after the decimal is not a fraction, but represents an entire inch. [PAR] If a horse is 14.2 1/2 HH, that means he\u2019s two and one-half inches over 14 hands. [PAR] Horses are measured from the ground, just beside and behind a front foreleg to the top of the withers or fifth vertebrae. This is the one part of the horse\u2019s top line that does not change whether he lowers or raises his head or drops or arches his back. This is standard, regardless of what increments, hands, and centimeters or inches you use, what country you are in, what discipline your ride or breed of horse or pony. [PAR] Horse Measuring Tools [PAR] There are a few instruments that you can use to measure a horse\u2019s height. The most accurate and easiest are to use a proper height measuring stick. This tall stick, marked with measurements, with a horizontal bar that slides up and down the stick. The stick is held alongside the horse, and the horizontal bar is slid down until it touches the horse\u2019s withers. Some sticks have a leveling bubble , so you can be sure you are holding the stick level. [PAR] Height tapes can be purchased inexpensively at feed or tack stores. The problem with tapes is that they are light and floppy, and are hard to hold taut enough to get an accurate measure. Someone has to hold the bottom against the ground, while another person eyes up the measurement at the horse\u2019s withers. You can\u2019t lay the tape against the horse. It must stay perfectly perpendicular to the ground. Often height tapes are printed with a weight tape on the opposite side. [PAR] A regular tape measure can be used to measure height, but comes with the same problems as the height tape. Additionally, metal tape measures make rattling noises horses sometimes object to, making it difficult to get the horse to stand still for a measurement. [PAR] Probably, the easiest homemade measuring device is a piece of binder twine tied to a large metal nut or washer."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dartboard Sequence - MathPages The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5 Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense. It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format. It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as \"flat\" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478 Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the \"London\" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the \"Manchester\" dart board, which has the sequence 20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this 20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10 the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions. Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 which has a sum of 24350. By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the \"21-complement\", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is 1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ... = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ... = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sunderland AFC and the black cat Sunderland AFC and the black cat [PAR] Sunderland AFC and the black cat [PAR] For the majority of its history, Sunderland AFC never had an 'official' nickname. [PAR] However, in 2000 there was a vote on the official club website; as the available alternative names were \"The Mackems\", \"The SOLs\", \"The Miners\" and \"The Light Brigade\", it's not too surprising that Blackcats came out as the clear winner in a poll of over 11,000 people. A smart new logo featuring a rather sleek and muscular cat was introduced, and the Blackcats brand was born. [PAR] Notwithstanding some scepticism over modern marketing methods, there is a genuine historic SAFC connection with the nickname \"Blackcats\", definitely going back over 90 years and possibly longer. [PAR] In January 1909, Sunderland were going through what was for them a relatively lean spell. It had been seven years since we had won the League, and the team which was to win the Championship with a record number of points and get to the Cup Final in 1913 was only just starting to come together. [PAR] A 4-1 home defeat to Liverpool on New Years Day 1909 left the club in the bottom half of the First Division. When the players came into the dressing room the following day before the game against Bury, they found a stray black cat in residence. [PAR] Sunderland won 3-1 that day, despite Harry Low missing a penalty, and this coincidence started the \"lucky black cat\" story. A fortnight later when we went to Bramall Lane and won 3-2 in the FA Cup after being 0-2 down in the second half, the feline mascot was offically adopted by the players. [PAR] By the end of January 1909, the Sunderland Echo reported of the cat: \"there has been a big demand for its portrait, more having been disposed of than of all the players put together\". The thousands who went to Newcastle for the FA Cup quarter final that season had black cat mascots adorned with red and white ribbons. [PAR] The \"lucky\" tag didn't last for the remainder of the 1908-09 season; Sunderland lost 0-3 at home to Newcastle in the FA Cup replay, George Holley missing a penalty when the score was 0-0. [PAR] However, the club mascot remained popular and was featured in many cartoons and drawings of the period, particularly popular on Wearside when victorious against a magpie (a verminous creature reputed to have been the mascot of some lesser local rival). [PAR] For Sunderland's first FA Cup Final appearance in front of a world record crowd at Crystal Palace, many supporters wore badges and pictures of black cats, while the cat featured on much of the souvenir literature of the event. [PAR] A picture from 1913 of what is believed to be the original black cat is pictured left, complete with ribbon; there have of course been many variations on this over the years. [PAR] Ever since then the black cat has featured as part of Sunderland AFC at all times, whether in early portraits and badges, oversized cardboard cutouts (particularly popular between the wars), the Supporters Association since its formation in the 1960s, the Roker Park club suite, those plastic inflatables of the late 1980s, or of course the Sunderland fans mailing list, which started in 1993. [PAR] So, it's certainly not a \"made-up\" nickname, though for most of its history it was an unofficial one. [PAR] Black Cats - alternative origins or myths? [PAR] Note: there is emphatically no \"axe to grind\" in listing the following"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Otology Rhinology Journal | Peer reviewed | High impact ... Otology Journal | Peer reviewed | Otolaryngology [PAR] Indexed in: Sherpa Romeo , Academic Keys, J-Gate, JournalTOCs , Crossref [PAR] About the Journal [PAR] Journal of Otology & Rhinology (JOR) is a hybrid open access international journal which is distributed all over the globe. The journal provides the choice of both open access and subscription mode of publication to the authors and publishes almost all types of write-ups like research articles, review, case reports, case study, commentary, letter to editor, mini review, opinion, short communication, book review, editorials etc. [PAR] The journal\u2019s Editorial Board is composed of international experts from the related field who have committed to seeking out excellent work from a range of sources and theoretical perspectives and also to publish high-quality, thought-provoking work that will have a direct impact on clinical practice & scientific society.The journal publishes rigorous peer reviewed research & other scholarly articles which adds new knowledge to the field and has the potential to improve the lives of those affected by Ear, Nose and Throat diseases. [PAR] The authors can submit their manuscript through Editorial Manager System or Online submission . If the authors find any difficulty in submitting their manuscript, they can E-mail it to editor.jor@scitechnol.com [PAR] The journal follows double blind peer review process. Manuscripts submitted by authors will be evaluated on Editorial Manager\u00ae System by Editors & reviewers of particular expertise in the same field to ensure that the published articles are of high quality with accurate and reliable information & data, which reflect solid scholarship. Editors can manage the whole submission, review, revision and publishing process, however at least two independent reviewer's approval followed by the Editor is required for the acceptance of any citable manuscript. [PAR] The following classifications and topics related to it will be considered for publication in JOR. [PAR] Otology [PAR] Otology is the branch of science which deals with the study of pathology, anatomy & physiology of the ear and its inner and outer structures and functions as well as its diseases. [PAR] Related Journals of Otology [PAR] Journal of Otology, Otology & Neurotology, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Indian Journal of Otology, American Journal of Otolaryngology, The Journal of International Advanced Otology, Indian Journal of Otology On Web, Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, The Mediterranean Journal of Otology, International Journal of Otolaryngology [PAR] Rhinology [PAR] Rhinology is the branch of science which deals with the study of nose , its inner & outer structures, sinuses as well as its diseases . [PAR] Related Journals of Rhinology [PAR] Rhinology International Journal, American Journal of Rhinology, International Journal of Clinical Rhinology, Rhinology, International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, Clinical Rhinology, Allergy & Rhinology, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, Romanian Journal of Rhinology, Otolaryngology and Rhinology [PAR] Neurotology [PAR] Neurotology is the branch of medical science which deals with the study of neurological disorder of ear. It is also a sub division of otolaryngology & Head & neck surgery. [PAR] Related Journals of Neurotology [PAR] Otology & Neurotology, Audiology and Neurotology, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Indian Journal of Otology, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Ontology & Neurotology, International Tinnitus Journal, Audiology and Neurotology Extra, The Journal of International Advanced Otology, The Mediterranean Journal of Otology [PAR] Otolaryngology [PAR] Otolaryngology is the branch of medical science deals with the pathology, anatomy & physiology of the ear and throat and its diseases & conditions as well. [PAR] Related Journals of Otolaryngology [PAR] Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Reagan Appears as Jack Browning in &quot;The ... Ronald Reagan Appears as Jack Browning in \"The Killers\" | World History Project [PAR] Ronald Reagan Appears as Jack Browning in \"The Killers\" [PAR] Supposedly based on the short story by Ernest Hemingway. [PAR] In this film noir, two hitmen want to find out why their latest victim (a race car driver!) \"just stood there and took it\" when they came to shoot him. Ronald Reagan plays a rich, double-crossing bad guy. A young Angie Dickinson (looking just like Ellen Barkin) plays the femme fatale. [PAR] Source: TCM Added by: Brandon samuels [PAR] The Killers, sometimes marketed as Ernest Hemingway's The Killers, is a 1964 crime film released by Universal Studios. It is the second Hollywood adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's short story of the same name, following a version made in 1946. It was directed by Don Siegel and stars Lee Marvin. It is notable for being Ronald Reagan's last film before entering politics and eventually the presidency. At the time of its release, Marvin said that it was his favorite film. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Charlie (Marvin) and Lee (Clu Gulager) are well-dressed, professional hitmen hired to kill ex-race car driver Johnny North (John Cassavetes) \u2014 now working as a teacher at a school for the blind. Despite being warned in advance, North does nothing and allows the two men to kill him. Afterwards, Charlie, the older and more experienced of the duo, is bothered by the job. He and Lee decide to track down the people that knew North and find out why their victim didn\u2019t run when he had the chance. This includes his mechanic and best friend Earl Sylvester (Claude Akins) and his lover Sheila Farr (Angie Dickinson). [PAR] The two killers piece together North's story. He fell in love with Sheila who convinced him to be the getaway driver for an armored car heist masterminded by her boyfriend Jack Browning (Ronald Reagan). The job goes wrong when Browning, finding out that what North did, decides to double cross the driver and eventually hire Charlie and Lee to kill him. [PAR] Production [PAR] The Killers was intended to be the first ever \"made for TV movie\", but NBC judged it too violent to broadcast, and so Universal released the movie in theaters instead. [PAR] Both Steve McQueen and George Peppard were considered for the Johnny North role. [PAR] Director Don Siegel had originally been hired as director of the earlier 1946 version of the same story, but had been fired. Actress Virginia Christine had also appeared in the 1946 version. [PAR] According to the DVD commentary, leading lady Angie Dickinson received the news during filming that her friend (and rumored romantic partner) President John F. Kennedy had been shot and killed. [PAR] The Killers was Ronald Reagan's last acting role before entering politics, and the only villain in his career. According to Kirk Douglas' autobiography The Ragman's Son, Reagan hated the movie because of a scene in which he slaps Dickinson. [PAR] Awards [PAR] Marvin received the 1965 BAFTA Award for Best Actor for this role as well as for his role in Cat Ballou. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Brandon samuels [PAR] More information[DOC] [TLE] 10 interesting facts on President Ronald Reagan's birthday 10 interesting facts on President Ronald Reagan\u2019s birthday [PAR] 10 interesting facts on President Ronald Reagan\u2019s birthday [PAR] February 6, 2016 [PAR] Email [PAR] It\u2019s the 105th birthday of Ronald Reagan, and since he was one of the most widely recognized world leaders, it\u2019s not hard to find some interesting facts about"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Dickens \u2013 author of A Christmas Carol - The ... Charles Dickens \u2013 author of A Christmas Carol - The British Library [PAR] Charles Dickens, British Library [PAR] Biography [PAR] Charles Dickens is perhaps as famous today as he was in his lifetime, the author of 15 novels, five novellas, and countless stories and essays, he also generously promoted the careers of other novelists in his weekly journals, and concerned himself with social issues. He excelled in writing about London settings and grotesque and comic characters (Uriah Heep and Fagin, Miss Havisham and Scrooge, the Artful Dodger and Sam Weller). [PAR] He was born in Portsmouth on 7 February 1812, son of John Dickens, a feckless and improvident navy clerk with a great love for literature, and his wife Elizabeth: Charles drew an ironically affectionate portrait of them in Mr and Mrs Micawber (David Copperfield). A happy childhood in Chatham, during which he read voraciously, ended with a move to London in 1822. Family poverty meant the young Charles had to earn money, and he spent a humiliating year labelling bottles in a blacking factory; during this period, his father was imprisoned for debt. Both experiences informed later novels. [PAR] After leaving school, he became a parliamentary journalist and sketch-writer. He first won fame in 1836 with the antics of the cockney sportsmen portrayed in The Pickwick Papers, which was issued in 20 monthly parts. In the same year he married Catherine Hogarth, daughter of Evening Chronicle editor, George Hogarth; they had 10 children. [PAR] Next, written in monthly instalments with prodigious speed, came Oliver Twist (1838) and the semi-comedic Nicholas Nickleby (1839). Dickens soon graduated to writing the complex and resonant masterpieces that have ensured his enduring fame, including David Copperfield (1850), Bleak House (1853), Great Expectations (1861) and Our Mutual Friend (1865). [PAR] An enthusiast for the theatre, he enjoyed performing his own works, and twice toured America lecturing. After the collapse of his marriage in 1858, he continued his liaison with the actress Nelly Ternan. He died of a stroke in 1870, leaving The Mystery of Edwin Drood unfinished. [PAR] Further information about the life of Charles Dickens can be found here via the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. [PAR] Name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What do you call a female chimpanzee? - ANIMAL PRINTS WHAT DO YOU CALL A FEMALE CHIMPANZEE? [PAR] What do you call a female chimpanzee? [PAR] Answer: empress [PAR] A female chimpanzee is called a empress. Chimpanzee (often shortened to chimp) is the common name for the two extant species of ape in the genus Pan. The better known chimpanzee is Pan troglodytes, the Common Chimpanzee, living primarily in West, and Central Africa. Its cousin, the Bonobo or Pygmy Chimpanzee as it is known archaically, Pan paniscus, is found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Congo River forms the boundary between the two species."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ash Tree Names and Types of Fraxinus Species Ash Tree Names and Types of Fraxinus Species [PAR] Home \u00bb Tree Index \u00bb Genus: Fraxinus (Ash Trees) [PAR] Ash Tree Names and Types of Fraxinus Species [PAR] Picture of a Ash Tree [PAR] (Fraxinus americana) [PAR] Ash Trees, known botanically as the Fraxinus Genus, consist of about 65 species of medium to large trees. They are deciduous, however a few subtropical species are evergreen. Some species can grow as shrubs. Ash trees are all dioecious species (each individual plant is either male or female in sexuality). The seeds from Ash trees are commonly known as keys or helicopter seeds in English. The seeds are inside a one seeded winged fruit, known botanically as a samara. [PAR] Ash Tree Name Definitions; [PAR] Ash Tree; [PAR] Common English name for species of the Fraxinus Genus. \"Ash\", originally from the old English name \"\u00e6sc\", for \"Ash-tree\". Some tree common names containing \"Ash\" do not refer to this genus, see Other Ash Tree Name Uses . [PAR] Fraxinus; [PAR] Botanical name given to a genus of plant species commonly known as Ash. The botanical Latin name \"Fraxinus\" originates from the meaning of \"spear\", as these were normally made from Ash wood. [PAR] Ash Tree Native Distribution; [PAR] In Europe three species are native; the Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), the Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus) and the Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia). In North America, there are about twenty-two native species of Ash tree. In Asia, there are about twenty-six native species. These numbers are not so clear cut however, as ranges overlap, Southwest Asian Species are found in far Eastern Europe for example. [PAR] Facts about Ash Trees of the Fraxinus Genus [PAR] Genus Latin Scientific Name = Fraxinus. (Synonym; Apilia) [PAR] Genus Latin Name Pronunciation: FRAK-si-nus [PAR] Genus Latin Name Meaning: The ancient Latin name for \"Spear\" (Made from Ash wood) [PAR] Genus Common Names = Ash. List of other Ash Tree (Fraxinus) Vernacular Names [PAR] Number of Taxa (types) in the Fraxinus Genus \u2248 65 [PAR] A Fr\u00eanaie, Franee or fraxinaie is a forest dominated by Ash tree species. Ash trees are grown commercially for their wood, or raised for ornamental, landscaping use. See Ash Tree Uses . [PAR] See Names of Ash tree Hybrids , and Names of Ash Tree Cultivars , as they are not included in the Ash species table below. [PAR] List of Ash Trees, Fraxinus Genus - All known species, taxa types, organized by scientific Latin botanical name first and common names second [PAR] List of Ash Tree Names [PAR] Botanical Tree Name [PAR] showing bark on a trunk cross-section [PAR] The Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is widely planted as a street tree in the United States. This Green Ash and its many Cultivars are also widely used for landscaping trees, as they are easy to grow and maintain, and less susceptible to diseases than alternative similar trees. The Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Patmore' Green Ash is a Cultivar that is available at tree nurseries and garden centers throughout the United States. [PAR] Ash is a hardwood and has a hardness of (within 20% of 670 kg/m\u00b3 for Fraxinus americana, and higher at 710 kg/m\u00b3 for Fraxinus excelsior). Ash wood is tough and very strong but flexible, thus it is used extensively for making bows, tool handles, baseball bats, snooker cues and other uses demanding high strength and resilience from a wood material. [PAR] Ash wood is used in interior design and furniture manufacturing. The two most economically important species for wood production are White Ash in eastern North America,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jonathan Agnew - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com Jonathan Agnew - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] Jonathan Agnew [PAR] Jonathan Philip Agnew (born 4 April 1960) is an English cricket broadcaster and former professional cricketer. He was born in Macclesfield, Cheshire, and educated at Uppingham School. He is nicknamed \"Aggers\", and, less commonly, \"Spiro\" \u2013 the latter, according to Debrett's Cricketers' Who's Who, after former US Vice President Spiro Agnew. Agnew had a successful first-class career as a fast bowler for Leicestershire from 1979 to 1990, returning briefly in 1992. In first-class cricket he took 666 wickets at an average of 29.25. ... (\u5c55\u5f00) Agnew won three Test caps for England, as well as playing three One Day Internationals in the mid-1980s, although his entire international career lasted just under a year. In county cricket, Agnew's most successful seasons came toward the end of his career, after his last international match, when he had learned to swing the ball. He was second and third leading wicket -taker in 1987 and 1988 respectively, including the achievement of 100 wickets in a season in 1987. He was named as one of the five Cricketers of the Year by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1988. While still a player, Agnew began a career in cricket journalism and commentary. Since his retirement as a player, he has become a leading voice of cricket on radio, as the BBC radio cricket correspondent and as a commentator on Test Match Special. He has also contributed as a member of Australian broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Grandstand team. Agnew's on-air \"leg over\" comment on Test Match Special, made to fellow commentator Brian Johnston in 1991, provoked giggling fits during a live broadcast and reaction from across England. The incident has been voted \"the greatest sporting commentary ever\" in a BBC poll; Michael Henderson, one of Agnew's peers and rivals, has described him as \"a master broadcaster ... the pick of the sports correspondents at the BBC .\" [PAR] Jonathan Philip Agnew (born 4 April 1960) is an English cricket broadcaster and former professional cricketer. He was born in Macclesfield, Cheshire, and educated at ... [PAR] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Agnew [PAR] Jonathan Agnew\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8bb2\u89e3 \u5fb7\u8bed\u52a9\u624b\u662f\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5fb7\u8bed\u5728\u7ebf\u8bcd\u5178,\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9bJonathan Agnew\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u610f\u601d,Jonathan Agnew\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3,Jonathan Agnew\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd,Jonathan Agnew\u7684\u53cd\u4e49 \u2026 [PAR] https://www.godic.net/dicts/de/Jonathan_Agnew.html [PAR] Thanks, Johnners: An Affectionate Tribute to a Broadcasting Legend, \u4f5c\u8005: Jonathan Agnew, Blue Door, Perfect for cricket fans everywhere, Thanks Johnners is a warm \u2026 [PAR] https://www.amazon.cn/Thanks-Johnners-An-Affectionate... [PAR] 374,431 followers \u00b7 [PAR] 44,020 tweets [PAR] Jonathan Agnew Verified account @ Aggerscricket. BBC cricket correspondent & equestrian commentator. MBE DL (Leics). Pres: East Mids Lords Tavs. [PAR] https://twitter.com/Aggerscricket [PAR] This is my 41st season in the professional game and my 26th as BBC cricket correspondent. It has been my life from the age of 16. I can be a bit of an old [PAR] www.jonathanagnew.com[DOC] [TLE] Jonathan Agnew Official Website Jonathan Agnew MBE Official Website | [PAR] Keane\u2019s Tom Chaplin sings a beautiful solo at Old Trafford [PAR] [PAR] To listen to my \u2018Desert Island Discs\u2019 click here [PAR] Corporate [PAR] Need a host, MC or speaker? I have a great deal of experience in hosting corporate events, [PAR] such as the two-day conference of the NSPCC Child Protection in Sport Unit to mark its [PAR] tenth anniversary of safeguarding children in sport, and the England and Wales [PAR] Cricket Board\u2019s annual OSCAs at Lord\u2019s. [PAR] I am also a regular on the after dinner circuit to speak at league and [PAR] cricket club annual dinners and presentation evenings. [PAR] For more information or to book, please use the contact form. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cA figure so comfortable with the relaxed style, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Byrds - Mr. Tambourine Man - YouTube The Byrds - Mr. Tambourine Man - YouTube [PAR] The Byrds - Mr. Tambourine Man [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 12, 2010 [PAR] The Byrds - Mr. Tambourine Man 1965 [PAR] \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan, which was released on his 1965 album Bringing It All Back Home (see 1965 in music). The Byrds also recorded a version of the song that was released as their first single on Columbia Records and which reached #1 on both the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the UK Singles Chart. The Byrds' version was also the title track of their first album, Mr. Tambourine Man. The Byrds had access to an early version of the song recorded by Dylan and Ramblin' Jack Elliott during the session for the 1964 album Another Side of Bob Dylan. Because of their early access to the song, The Byrds were able to release their version just two weeks after Dylan's. The Byrds' recording of the song was influential in initiating the musical subgenre of folk rock, leading many contemporary bands to mimic its fusion of jangly guitars and intellectual lyrics in the wake of the single's success. [PAR] This song has been covered by many artists, including Judy Collins, Odetta, Melanie, and William Shatner. The song's popularity led to Dylan recording it live many times, and it has been included in multiple Dylan and Byrds compilation albums. It has been translated into several languages, and has also been used in television shows and films, and referenced in several books. [PAR] The song has a bright, expansive melody and has become famous in particular for its surrealistic imagery, influenced by artists as diverse as French poet Arthur Rimbaud and Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini. The lyrics call on the title character to play a song and the narrator will follow. Interpretations of the lyrics have included a paean to drugs such as LSD, a call to the singer's muse, a reflection of the audience's demands on the singer, and religious interpretations. Dylan sings the song in four verses, but only one of these was recorded by The Byrds. Dylan's and The Byrds' versions have appeared on various lists ranking the greatest songs of all time, including an appearance by both on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 best songs ever. Both versions also received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. [PAR] In other news, I have added the lyrics to this song so you can sing along, or perhaps learn the song! This is how I learned my first Byrds song! Enjoy :) [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Tambourine Man by The Byrds - Song ... - Songfacts Mr. Tambourine Man by The Byrds Songfacts [PAR] Mr. Tambourine Man by The Byrds Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] Bob Dylan wrote this, and the song was originally released on his fifth album Bringing It All Back Home on March 22, 1965. The Byrds cover, released later in 1965, is the only song Dylan ever wrote that went to #1 in America. [PAR] Dylan wrote this on a road trip he took with some friends from New York to San Francisco. They smoked lots of marijuana along the way, replenishing their stash at post offices where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Female Talk Show Hosts | List of Top Female Talk ... Famous Female Talk Show Hosts | List of Top Female Talk Show Hosts [PAR] Famous Female Talk Show Hosts [PAR] 305k views 102 items tags f t p @ [PAR] This list of famous female talk show hosts is ranked by their level of prominence, with photos when available. This greatest female talk show hosts list contains the most prominent and top women known for being talk show hosts. There many women talk show hosts on the air these days, but this list highlights only the most notable ones. Female TV hosts have worked hard to become the best that they can be, so if you're a girl aspiring to be a talk show host then the women talk show hosts below should give you inspiration. [PAR] Oprah Winfrey broke ground as a black female talk show host, and there have been many Mexican, Canadian, and Spanish female TV show hosts that have made names for themselves as well. [PAR] While this isn't a list of all female talk show hosts, it's a great starting point, with over 100 female TV talk show hosts to learn more about, all of whom have had hit shows. Who are the most famous female talk show hosts? Who are the best female talk show hosts? Take a look at the talk show hostess list below and find out! [PAR] List Photo: Ellen DeGeneres/ Facebook [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Selma's Choice (1993) Season 4 Episode 9F11- The Simpsons ... Selma's Choice (1993) Season 4 Episode 9F11- The Simpsons Cartoon Episode Guide [PAR] Selma's Choice (1993) Season 4 Episode 9F11- The Simpsons Cartoon Episode Guide [PAR] Animation Studio: Film Roman [PAR] Distributed by: 20th Century Fox Television [PAR] Cartoon Characters: Bart Simpson, Homer Simpson, Marge Simpson, Lisa Simpson, Maggie Simpson, Grampa Simpson, Barney Gumble, Krusty the Klown, Groundskeeper Willie, Mayor Quimby, Hans Moleman, Sideshow Mel, Patty Bouvier, Selma Bouvier, Jacqueline Bouvier, Aunt Gladys, Nelson Muntz, Todd Flanders, Ralph Wiggum, Kearney, Moe Szyslak, Chief Wiggum, Apu, Comic Book Guy, Cletus, Professor Frink, Montgomery Burns, Waylon Smithers, Ned Flanders, Kent Brockman, Reverend Lovejoy, Principal Skinner, Dr. Hibbert, Rainer Wolfcastle, Lionel Hutz. [PAR] Voice Actors: Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, Harry Shearer, Phil Hartman, Doris Grau; Full Voice Cast [PAR] .. . [PAR] Directed By Carlos Baeza. [PAR] Produced By Al Jean, Mike Reiss, David Mirkin, James L. Brooks, Matt Groening, Sam Simon, Colin A.B.V. Lewis, Jeffrey Goldstein, J. Michael Mendel; more Producers [PAR] .. . [PAR] Written By David M. Stern. [PAR] Music: Alf Clausen, Danny Elfman. [PAR] Editor: Marc McJimsey, Don Barrozo, Lee Harting, Kurtis Kunsak. [PAR] First Aired on January 21, 1993 [PAR] ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Nicolaes Tulp, Rembrandt ... Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Nicolaes Tulp, Rembrandt: Analysis, Interpretation [PAR] [PAR] Anatomy Lectures [PAR] The Netherlands had a tradition of anatomy lectures, established by the pioneer anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514-64). Once a year the Praelector Anatomiae, the head of the surgeon's guild would hold a lecture for the members of his guild during which the corpse of an executed criminal would be dissected. On such an occasion it was customary for the Praelector to have his portrait painted, along with other members in attendance. Doctor Nicolaes Tulp (1593-1674) was Praelector from 1628 to 1653 and the painting captures the dissection lecture which he delivered on 31 January 1632. In addition to himself, the portrait features seven members of the Surgeon's Guild, each of whom would have paid commissions to be included in the picture, as well as the corpse of the armed robber Adriaen Adriensz, who had been hanged earlier in the day. In the bottom right hand corner there is a large open textbook on anatomy, almost certainly De humani corporis fabrica (Fabric of the Human Body) (1543) by Andreas Vesalius, with whom Rembrandt flatteringly associates Tulp. [PAR] Portraits [PAR] In Dutch painting of the 17th century , group portraits of these anatomy lessons usually followed a set formula. The surgeon and the corpse would be in the centre, surrounded by guild members, and everyone would be painted staring out of the picture at the artist. Rembrandt adopts a new approach and creates a combination of group portrait and action picture. The painting in fact marked a turning point in the evolution of the Dutch corporation, or guild portrait. For the first time, the figures were unified not merely by token gestures and glances, but by their common interest in an event taking place within the composition. Any potential client would certainly have been impressed by the vitality and depth with which the 26-year old Rembrandt endowed his portraits. He would adopt a similarly revolutionary approach in his militia portrait The Night Watch (1642, Rijksmuseum). These two paintings alone justify Rembrandt's reputation as one of the best portrait artists in Europe, and - when other masterpieces like The Syndics of the Clothmakers Guild (1662, Rijksmuseum) and The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis (1661-2, National Museum, Stockholm) are included - explain why he ranks among the best artists of all time . [PAR] Composition [PAR] The picture is not an authentic record of the January 1632 dissection (which would have begun with the opening of the stomach and cranium), but instead an imaginary construction whose composition is determined largely by pictorial considerations. The corpse is made the focus of attention, due to its intense brightness. From here, the viewer's eye is led to the illuminated heads of the audience, whose expressions reflect different degrees of attention, and to the face and hands of Tulp. The latter, marked out by his dark costume and hat, is using a forceps to indicate certain muscles and tendons of the corpse's arm, while demonstrating their workings with the fingers of his left hand. [PAR] Of the seven guild members watching, the one nearest Tulp is holding a list of the subjects' names, while the heads of the other six form an arrow pointing to Tulp's right hand which holds the forceps. This enhances the dramatic concentration of the figures on Tulp's demonstration. Rembrandt's atmospheric chiaroscuro and use of light/shadow to boost the sculptural solidity of the forms also adds to the picture's intensity. Rembrandt's mastery of the dark manner is often rightly associated with Caravaggio"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] International Morse Code International Morse Code [PAR] International Morse Code [PAR] For learning Morse code it is recommended that you do not try to remember dots and dashes, but remember the Morse code sounds instead. [PAR] Letter [PAR] CL, Going off the air (\"clear\") [PAR] -.-..-.. [PAR] DO, Change to wabun code [PAR] -..--- [PAR] KN, Invite a specific station to transmit [PAR] -.--. [PAR] SK, End of transmission (also VA) [PAR] ...-.- [PAR] I am ready to copy [PAR] QRV? [PAR] Are you ready to copy? [PAR] QRL [PAR] The frequency is in use [PAR] QRL? [PAR] Is the frequency in use? [PAR] QTH [PAR] What is your location? [PAR] Notes [PAR] If the duration of a dot is taken to be one unit then that of a dash is three units. The space between the components of one character is one unit, between characters is three units and between words seven units. To indicate that a mistake has been made and for the receiver to delete the last word, send ........ (eight dots). [PAR] The prosigns are combinations of two letters sent together with no space in between. The other abbreviations and Q codes are sent with the normal spacing. [PAR] I am a father and foster carer [PAR] a principal research engineer at the IT Innovation Centre [PAR] a Woodcraft Folk district coordinator [PAR] a salsa teacher [PAR] and in my spare time I write and maintain this web site [PAR] \u00a9 Copyright Stephen C. Phillips, 2015"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jinx (Halle Berry) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Jinx (Halle Berry) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Last [PAR] Die Another Day (film) [PAR] Giacinta 'Jinx' Johnson is an NSA operative who teams up with James Bond to spy on rogue North Korean agent Zao and investigate his ties with diamond magnate Gustav Graves . She appears in the 2002 film Die Another Day and is portrayed by American actress Halle Berry . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Film biography [PAR] Los Organos island, Cuba [PAR] An NSA Agent, Jinx is assigned to kill a rogue North Korean agent named Zao, who is undergoing gene-replacement therapy at the Alvarez clinic on Los Organos island, Cuba. There she meets James Bond , who is also after Zao in the hope of extracting the identity of a double agent responsible for his 14 month imprisonment in North Korea. [PAR] Introducing herself as Jinx, a nickname derived from her being born on Friday the 13th, the two exchange double entendres and proceed back to Bond's room at the Hotel De Los Organos. The following morning she leaves the sleeping spy and crosses over to the clinic. Posing as a prospective patient, she kills Dr. Alvarez and accesses the clinic's records on Zao. [PAR] Suddenly her mission is interrupted by 007, who has found the North Korean first. After being pursued by Jinx and Bond, Zao escapes by helicopter, leaving the armed American agent surrounded by clinic security. Stripping to her bikini, she dives backwards off the edge of the wall into the ocean and is picked up by a boat. [PAR] Iceland [PAR] Still pursuing Zao, Jinx tracks the agent to Gustav Graves' diamond mine in Iceland. Attending a public demonstration of the diamond magnate's Icarus Satellite at his Ice Palace , she once again crosses paths with Bond. Later that evening Jinx breaks into Graves' office and finds Zao 'sleeping' in a 'dream machine'. She tries to kill him but Graves stuns her before she can get the chance. [PAR] After being interrogated by Zao, the agent leaves her to be disposed of by Mr. Kil . Rather than shoot her, Kil insists on using the nearby industrial lasers. As the laser edges towards her head, she is rescued by 007 who intervenes and stops the machine - only to be jumped by Kil. As the henchman prepares to deliver the finishing blow Jinx grabs the swinging controls and activates the laser; cutting through the back of Mr. Kil's cranium. [PAR] After formally admitting that she is a member of the NSA, they team up and exchange information. It suddenly becomes clear to Bond that Zao is working with Graves, who is in reality an old North Korean adversary, Colonel Tan-Sun Moon. The pair split up, with Bond confronting Graves and Jinx heading to warn MI6 operative Miranda Frost . However, unbeknownst to Jinx, Frost is a double-agent working for Graves. Exchanging insults, Miranda locks her in Bond's suite and leaves her to die as Graves melts the Ice Palace using his satellite's heat-ray. Almost drowned in the flooding room, she is rescued for the second time by Bond, who shatters the door with his Aston Martin V12 Vanquish and takes her to a nearby hot pool to be revived. [PAR] Finale [PAR] Jinx held at sword-point. [PAR] During the chaos, Graves and Frost escape on his private airliner. On the orders of their respective Service Heads, Jinx and Bond infiltrate a North Korean airbase using switchblades and prepare to snipe Graves before he can take to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star Wars - Needfull Things - Mike Robin Zwanziger ... Star Wars - Needfull Things - Mike Robin Zwanziger - Hanroth / Germany [PAR] [PAR] Star Wars [PAR] Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise that consists of a film series created George Lucas. [PAR] The first film became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon, followed by two sequels, released at three-year intervals. [PAR] The film series began with Star Wars, released on May 25, 1977. This was followed by two sequels: The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21, 1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25, 1983. [PAR] [PAR] One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the \"Force\", an omnipresent energy that can be harnessed by those with that ability, known as Force-sensitives. It is described in the first produced film as \"an energy field created by all living things [that] surrounds us, penetrates us, [and] binds the galaxy together.\" [PAR] All of the main films have been a box office success, with the overall box office revenue generated by the Star Wars films (including the theatrical Star War: The Clone Wars) totalling $4.49 billion, making it the third-highest-grossing film series, behind only the Harry Potter and James Bond films. [PAR] The success has also led to re-releases in theaters for the series. [PAR] Princess Leia - Gentle Giant"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980 ... Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980) - Release Info - IMDb [PAR] \u0417\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043di \u0432i\u0439\u043d\u0438: \u0415\u043fi\u0437\u043e\u0434 V - I\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440i\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0443 \u0432i\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432i\u0434\u044c [PAR] USA (video box title) [PAR] Star Wars V: The Empire Strikes Back [PAR] USA [PAR] Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back [PAR] USA (promotional title) [PAR] Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back [PAR] USA (short title)[DOC] [TLE] Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back review Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back review [PAR] Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope review: 'a most spectacular trip' [PAR] Meanwhile what we get on the screen is the usual emphatic pride in machinery and paucity of characterisation that marks so much space fiction. Who are these people? What are they up to? Why is it so hard to care what happens to them? If you ever saw and committed to memory \u201cStar Wars\u201d such questions may seem naively exacting, since this episode reintroduces many of the figures and fantasies from the earlier film. [PAR] But having somewhat advertently missed the famous predecessor I had to take for granted the motives and the cues for passion in a fable of such fantasy that one quickly understands what the advocates of it mean by its appeal to children of all ages. It is violent. It is conventional. It is not without humour of the cosy Enid Blyton kind. And it is devoid of blood. [PAR] Han Solo (Harrison Ford) is frozen in carbonite to be delivered to Jabba the Hutt Credit: Alamy/Media Mogul [PAR] It is also of course for that reason devoid of feeling, and since some of the more engaging figures are not properly-speaking human beings but designers\u2019 inventions it is not surprising if our affections tend towards the rude mechanicals, so to speak: the grotesque animals, the robots and the furry assistants who might be fugitives from \u201cThe Wind In The Willows\u201d or \u201cThe Tempest\u201d or \u201cA Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream.\u201d [PAR] But it is hard to place one\u2019s affections anywhere in a world which is ruled by buttons and dials, computers and bleeps, and people whose conversation is so technical, inaudible or dull that it might be better if the film gave up the idea of dialogue and settled for subtitles where necessary; though John Williams\u2019s music sustains its imperialist theme with the kind of trumpeted fervour familiar in Shakespeare\u2019s histories. [PAR] Yoda and Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker Credit: Alamy [PAR] Star Wars Episode VI: The Return of the Jedi review: 'laughable dialogue' [PAR] The thing that keeps us watching throughout the two rowdy hours is not the progress of the galactic war or the fortunes of the participants nor the sense of danger as they hurl through space or find themselves trapped by Dalek-like tricksters. What makes the time pass bearably is the decor. The special visual effects by Brian Johnson and Richard Edlund, with Norman Reynolds as production designer, create a constant source of fascination and charm to take our minds off the mindlessness of the foreground doings by the goodies and the baddies in their aerial quarrel. [PAR] Some of the sub-human creatures (in particular a big-eared gnomic Muppet with the sad expression of Peter Lorre) make you wonder why the film wasn\u2019t conceived completely as a cartoon since the adventures bring us weapons which take almost human form (tanks on spindly legs picking their way across no man\u2019s land like flamingos) and the hand-to-hand duelling is done with laser swords. [PAR] star wars: episode v:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daisy Ridley, Daughter of Han Solo and Leia in Star Wars ... Daisy Ridley, Daughter of Han Solo and Leia in Star Wars? \u00b7 Guardian Liberty Voice [PAR] Share on Facebook Follow on Facebook Add to Google+ Connect on Linked in Subscribe by Email Print This Post [PAR] When the entire main cast of Star Wars Episode VII was announced on April 29, there was much speculation on Twitter about who Daisy Ridley is. The new female lead is almost unknown to the public prior the announcement. Other than a few images online and an updated information about her role in the upcoming Star Wars film on IMDB, little is known about the British actress who had appeared a number of TV series, such as Casuality and Toast of London, and a recent film Scrawl. Many Star Wars zealots and fans speculated that Daisy Ridley may play the role of Han Solo and Princess Leia\u2019s daughter, Jaina Solo. [PAR] In July 2013, IGN speculated that Star Wars Episode VII will focus more on the children of heroes from the original trilogy, featuring the son and daughter of Han and Leia, Jacen and Jaina Solo. While there is no official announcement about any of the cast playing Jacen or Jaina, the rumor about Ridley started with a black and white photo of the entire cast sitting in a circle with Ridley sitting between Harrison Ford and Carrie Fisher, who are reprising their famous roles of Solo and Leia, respectively. \u201cFridayFilmCulb\u201d on Twitter tweeted, \u201cDaisy Ridley sitting inbetween Ford and Fisher? She must be their daughter.\u201d If Daisy Ridley will play the daughter of Han Solo and Princess Leia in the next Star Wars film, just who is Jaina Solo? [PAR] In the Expanded Universe of Star Wars, Jaina is the twin sister of Jacen, who was born about nine years after the Battle of Yavin from Star War: A New Hope. Like her father, she was one of the few best pilots in Rogue Squadron and was adept in machinery. Jaina also inherited Leia\u2019s sensitivity to the Force, making her a Jedi Knight like her uncle Luke Skywalker. Most illustrations of Jaina Solo, such as the picture (by artist Chris Trevas) next to Daisy Ridley\u2019s photo, depict her as young and wise yet determined. Others depict her as a fierce young warrior, like the one by artist Jason Felix below. If Ridley is to play such a physical role as a Jedi Knight, she will have to train for at least six months of the art of the lightsaber as well as developing a physique that matches Jaina\u2019s. [PAR] If Daisy Ridley plays Jaina, who will play her twin brother? It\u2019s not quite known yet, and Disney \u2014 who bought LucasArts in 2012 and took over the Star Wars franchise \u2014 revealed almost nothing about the plot. It may or may not follow the story as written and told in the Star Wars Expanded Universe. What is known is that Episode VII will take place about 30 years after the events of Return of the Jedi. [PAR] Whether or not she plays the role of Han and Leia\u2019s Jaina Solo, Daisy Ridley may become one of the most promising new celebrities in the new Star Wars film, along with John Boyega, Oscar Issac, and Adam Driver whose roles are not currently yet known. Filming is currently taking place at Pinewood Studios in London. The Star Wars saga will strike back in theaters on December 18, 2015.[DOC] [TLE] Princess Leia Organa - IGN Princess Leia Organa - IGN [PAR] IGN"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Naboo | Lucasfilm Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Naboo | Lucasfilm Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Galactic Republic , Galactic Empire , New Republic [PAR] Naboo is a planet in the fictional Star Wars universe with a mostly green terrain and which is the homeworld of two societies: the Gungans who dwell in underwater cities and the humans who live in colonies on the surface. Humans of Naboo have an electoral monarchy and maintain a peaceful culture that defends education , the arts , environmental protection and scientific achievements. The main capital of Naboo is Theed . [PAR] Located in the Chommell sector , Naboo is the home planet of Padm\u00e9 Amidala and Jar Jar Binks , as well as Senator (later Chancellor and then Emperor ) Palpatine . In Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace , it was the site of a blockade by the Trade Federation and the Battle of Naboo between the Federation and the native inhabitants. Naboo is seen in four films in the Star Wars series, having a prominent role in the first two prequels and glimpsed briefly in Revenge of the Sith and the 2004 DVD release of Return of the Jedi . Its name originates from the Tunisian city of Nabeul (Formal Arabic pronunciation: N\u0101bul; local Tunisian dialect: Template:IPA-ar ), itself founded by Greek merchants naming it \"Neapolis\". This originated from the same inspiration that made another major planet in the original trilogy, Tatooine to be a namesake to the another Tunisian town, the desert city of Tataouine . [PAR] The similar sounding adjective \"Nubian\" used in the movies to refer to Queen Amidala's ship is cause for some confusion. Nubian refers to the planet Nubia , not to Naboo. The most correct adjective form of Naboo is \"Nabooan\" based upon an indigenous wild panther known as a \"Nabooan tusk-cat\". [PAR] Theed's architecture, while referencing Ancient Rome and other classical traditions, was heavily inspired by the Frank Lloyd Wright -designed Marin County Civic Center in California . ( Skywalker Ranch and Industrial Light & Magic are both based in Marin County .) [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The Naboo System is located in the Chommel Sector, a region in the galactic Mid-Rim. Planet Naboo is the third planet of the star system that shares the same name. The Naboo system comprises five planets, namely Moth (Venus type), Erep (Venus type), Naboo (Earth type), Widow (Mars type) and Storm (Jupiter type). The planet Naboo has three moons: Ohma D'un , Rori and Tasia . Tasia, an ice moon, is the only Naboo moon to be seen in the entire Star Wars saga. Ohma D'un is a water moon and Rori is a brownish swamp moon. [PAR] Geographic features [PAR] Edit [PAR] Naboo is described as having a porous, plasma -rich interior without a molten core\u2014a rare phenomenon among the planets in the Star Wars universe. The surface of Naboo is covered by dense swamps, rolling grass plains, and verdant hills. The largest mountain chain, the Gallo Mountains, bisect the singular continent and divide the great grass plains of the north from the Lianorm Swamp in the south. South of the Lianorm Swamp is Paonga Sea, where at the bottom lies the Gungan city of Otoh Gunga. Underneath the planet's surface is a tremendous maze of passages and caves, home to immense aquatic animals and creatures that are never seen on the surface. Gungans dominate these 'underwaterways', using them as a highway of sorts between their surface Holy Places and their underwater cities. One gungan civilization was known as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Star Wars home video releases - Wookieepedia - Wikia Star Wars home video releases | Wookieepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Star Wars home video releases [PAR] 133,384pages on [PAR] This page describes the significant home video releases of official Star Wars films, television shows and documentaries, excluding releases which did not come directly from Lucasfilm (such as Star Wars Tech or spoof programs like Robot Chicken: Star Wars ). [PAR] Contents [PAR] 1982 [PAR] A New Hope [PAR] The very first home video release of any Star Wars film came in May 1982 when 20th Century Fox Video released Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope on VHS, Betamax, LaserDisc, and CED VideoDisc. [PAR] Star Wars (A New Hope) VHS, 1982 [PAR] 1984 [PAR] The Empire Strikes Back [PAR] CBS/FOX released Star Wars: Episode V The Empire Strikes Back on VHS, Betamax, LaserDisc, and CED VideoDisc in November 1984. [PAR] The Empire Strikes Back VHS, 1984 [PAR] 1986 [PAR] Return of the Jedi [PAR] CBS/FOX released Star Wars: Episode VI Return of the Jedi on VHS, Betamax, LaserDisc, and CED VideoDisc in February 1986. [PAR] Return of the Jedi VHS, 1986 [PAR] Droids and Ewoks VHS releases (CBS/FOX) [PAR] In 1988 , CBS/FOX released ten PAL -formatted VHS tapes for the UK market. [PAR] \"The White Witch\" (ep #1) [PAR] \"Escape into Terror\" (ep #2) [PAR] \"The Trigon Unleased\" (ep #3) [PAR] \"A Race to the Finish\" (ep #4) [PAR] Droids 2 [PAR] \"The Lost Prince\" (ep #5) [PAR] \"The New King\" (ep #6) [PAR] \"The Pirates of Tarnooga\" (ep #7) [PAR] \"The Revenge of Kybo Ren\" (ep #8) [PAR] Droids 3 [PAR] \"Tail of the Roon Comet\" (ep #10) [PAR] \"The Roon Games\" (ep #11) [PAR] \"Across the Roon Sea\" (ep #12) [PAR] \"The Frozen Citadel\" (ep #13) [PAR] Droids: The Great Heap (eps #14-15) [PAR] \"The Haunted Village\" (ep #2) [PAR] \"The Cries of the Tress\" (ep #1) [PAR] \"Rampage of the Phlogs\" (ep #3) [PAR] \"Sunstar versus Shadowstone\" (ep #9) [PAR] Ewoks 2 [PAR] \"To Save Deej\" (ep #4) [PAR] \"The Land of the Gupins\" (ep #8) [PAR] \"The Travelling Jindas\" (ep #5) [PAR] \"The Curse of the Jindas\" (ep #7) [PAR] Ewoks 3 [PAR] \"The Tree of Light\" (ep #6) [PAR] \"Asha\" (ep #13) [PAR] \"The Crystal Cloak\" (ep #14) [PAR] \"The Wish Plant\" (ep #15) [PAR] \"The Totem Master\" (ep #19) [PAR] \"A Gift For Shodu\" (ep #20) [PAR] \"Horville's Hut Of Horrors\" (ep #29) [PAR] \"The Tragic Flute\" (ep #30) [PAR] \"Just My Luck\" (ep #31) [PAR] \"Bringing Up Norky\" (ep #32) [PAR] Ewoks 5 [PAR] \"Home is Where the Skrieks Are\" (ep #16) [PAR] \"Princess Latara\" (ep #17) [PAR] \"Gone With The Mimphs\" (ep #22) [PAR] \"The First Apprentice\" (ep #23) [PAR] \"Party Ewok\" (ep #34) [PAR] \"Malani the Warrior\" (ep #35) [PAR] \"A Hard Sell\" (ep #24) [PAR] \"A Warrior and A Lurdo\" (ep #25) [PAR] Ewoks 6 [PAR] \"Battle for the Sunstar\" (ep #33) [PAR] \"The Season Scepter\" (ep #26) [PAR] \"The Raich\" (ep #18) [PAR] \"Night of the Stranger\" (ep #21) [PAR] 1990 [PAR] The Ewok Adventure and Ewoks: The Battle for Endor were released on VHS and laserdisc by MGM Home Entertainment in 1990 . [PAR] Droids and Ewoks VHS releases (J2 Communications) [PAR] \"The Lost Prince\" (ep #5) [PAR] Special Double Length Edition Vol. 1 [PAR] \"The White Witch\" (ep #1) [PAR] \"Escape Into Terror\" (ep #2) [PAR] Special Double Length Edition Vol. 2 [PAR] \"The Lost Prince\" (ep #5) [PAR] \"The New King\" (ep #6) [PAR] \"The Tree of Light\" (ep #6) [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WALK LIKE AN EWOK ON THE ENDOR'S FOREST MOON - YouTube WALK LIKE AN EWOK ON THE ENDOR'S FOREST MOON - YouTube [PAR] WALK LIKE AN EWOK ON THE ENDOR'S FOREST MOON [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 17, 2011 [PAR] WALK LIKE AN EWOK ON THE ENDOR'S FOREST MOON (G.Fiori) [PAR] G.Fiori: yamaha trb 5 bass guitar, elka capri 101, nintendo ds, sequencing. [PAR] track composed, arranged, performed and produced by Giuseppe Fiori [PAR] theme based on a true story about THE EWOKS. [PAR] Ewoks originate from the Star Wars films. In the series, they are a species of teddy-bear-like hunter-gatherers that inhabit the forest moon of Endor. They first appeared in the film Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983). They have since featured in two made-for-television films, Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure and Ewoks: The Battle for Endor, as well as an animated series and several books and games. [PAR] George Lucas created the Ewoks because he wanted Return of the Jedi to feature a tribe of some primitive creatures that bring down the technological Empire. He had originally intended the scenes to be set on the Wookiee home planet, but as the film series evolved, the Wookiees became technologically skilled. Lucas designed a new species instead, and says his approach was simple: Wookiees are tall, so he made Ewoks short.[1] The Ewok are named after the Miwok, a Native American tribe, indigenous to the Redwood forest in which the Endor scenes were filmed for Return of the Jedi, near the San Rafael location of Lucas' Skywalker Ranch. The name also is a pun on the syllables of Wookie backwards. [2] [PAR] As presented in the films, Ewoks appear as stocky, sapient bipeds which stand about one meter tall. They have flat faces, are completely covered in fur, and have large jewel-like eyes. Both their fur and their eyes come in a variety of earth-tones, primarily brown, white, grey, gold, and black. Despite their small size, Ewoks are strong; in the climactic battle scene of Return of the Jedi, they are shown physically overpowering and once even throwing Imperial Stormtroopers, though this detail is not consistent throughout the film. Ewoks live high among the trees of their home moon's forests, in villages built on platforms between the closely spaced trees. [PAR] The bass guitar[1] (also called electric bass,[2][3][4] or simply bass; /\u02c8be\u026as/) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb (by plucking, slapping, popping, tapping, or thumping), or by using a pick. [PAR] The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four, five, or six strings. The four-string bass\u2014by far the most common\u2014is usually tuned the same as the double bass,[5] which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lower strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).[6] The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds (as is the double bass) to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the bass guitar is plugged into an amplifier and speaker for live performances. [PAR] Since the 1950s, the bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Royal Handmaiden Society The Royal Handmaiden Society [PAR] [PAR] Who's Who? The Keira Knightley and Natalie Portman Debate [PAR] One of the first mistakes a newcomer to Handmaidenology makes is they think that Natalie Portman played the part of the decoy Sab\ufffd as well as Amidala and Padm\ufffd. This is definitely not the case. This page will help to explain and clarify some of the misconceptions that have been around since Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace debuted. [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] Actress Keira Knightley, who played Sab\ufffd, looks very much like Natalie Portman. While this helped to enhance the decoy plot, it did confuse some viewers. [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] Not only do Keira and Natalie resemble each other, but they also sounded alike in the film as well. While both their voices were lowered in pitch during post-production, there are still subtle differences that can be heard. Keira's accent appears to sound more authentically British than Natalie's \"early-Leia\"-like affectations. Another of Keira's films, Coming Home, was filmed around the same time as Episode I. Her voice in that film, while normal in pitch, has the same tone as Sab\ufffd. [PAR] \"I will not cooperate!\" [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] There was further confusion during and just after Episode I's premiere. While Natalie never wore the black feathered Escape from Naboo dress during the film, she wore it in all the promotional shots released to the media. Keira was the only one to wear it during the movie. [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] Then, behind the scenes footage was released in May showing someone other than Natalie being fitted for the Disco Ball Parade dress. That would be Keira, who never wore the dress in the film. [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] To make matters worse, Vogue Magazine did a fashion pictorial in May of 1999 for some of Queen Amidala's dresses. In these photos, it was neither Natalie nor Keira, but another model. [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] Producer Rick McCallum did nothing to help our cause during on online chat with fans. Here's the text of the Lucasfilm chat from June 7, 1999: [PAR] ASKLucasfilm: Jedi-Al says: Rick, was it a separate actress that played the \"fake\" queen, when Natalie was Padme on screen? I didn't see her name in the credits. [PAR] RickMcCallum: No, it's Natalie that plays both parts. [PAR] Thanks a lot Rick! [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] The weeks after the film's release, the handmaidens gained more notice. Soon, the Royal Handmaiden Society was born and word began to spread about Keira. (Okay, the filmmakers may have helped us a little too.) [PAR] In a May 27, 1999 interview with the London Daily Variety, casting director Robin Gurland stated the following: [PAR] \"One of the hardest roles to cast was that of Sab\ufffd, the handmaiden that fills in for the Queen when she is in hiding. Originally we were going to us a stand-in, but that was before we found a girl by the name of Keira Knightley. She was only fourteen at the time of principal photography, two years younger than Natalie Portman, but nevertheless the resemblance is striking. I wouldn't be surprised if she fools quite a few of the fans.\" [PAR] --------------------------------------- [PAR] Not only did she confuse some of the fans, but family members as well! In the Star Wars Insider, Issue 47, Natalie Portman was asked about her role. [PAR] Some people seem to think Amidala and Padm\ufffd are clones of each other. [PAR] \"No, no, no-it's the same person-it's the Queen in disguise!\" [PAR] Was there any thought given to having you play both parts?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] C-3PO at Control Board | Star Tours C-3PO (pronounced ... C-3PO at Control Board | Star Tours C-3PO (pronounced /si\u02d0\u02c8\u03b8\u2026 | Flickr [PAR] C-3PO at Control Board [PAR] Star Tours [PAR] C-3PO (pronounced /si\u02d0\u02c8\u03b8ri\u02d0pi.o\u028a/, phonetically spelled See-Threepio, and called Threepio for short) is a character from the Star Wars universe, who appears in both the original Star Wars films and the prequel trilogy. He is also a major character in the television show Droids, and appears frequently in the series' \"Expanded Universe\" of novels, comic books, and video games. C-3PO is one of the four characters to appear in all six of the Star Wars feature films, and one of only two characters portrayed by the same actor in all six installments of the series (the other being Kenny Baker as R2-D2). In all his various appearances, he is portrayed by Anthony Daniels. [PAR] [PAR] C-3PO is a protocol droid designed to serve humans, and boasts that he is fluent \"in over six million forms of communication.\" C-3PO is generally seen with his long-time counterpart, R2-D2, a small, quirky droid. Threepio's main function as a protocol droid is to assist with etiquette, customs, and translation so that meetings of different cultures run smoothly. Alongside the astromech droid R2-D2, Threepio played a vital and pivotal role in the Galaxy's history. [PAR] [PAR] Walt Disney World-Hollywood Studios-Orlando Fl. [PAR] Done"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Where is Luke Skywalker? J.J. Abrams and Mark Hamill ... Where is Luke Skywalker? J.J. Abrams and Mark Hamill grapple with the question \u2013 EW.com [PAR] RELATED: Harrison Ford \u2013 The EW Interview [PAR] None of these are things Abrams will discuss now. Again, only the film itself will answer those questions. [PAR] But he will talk about another implication of the thing that drew him in: \u201cWho is Luke Skywalker?\u201d Like, who? [PAR] In the Oct. 19 trailer, Han Solo tells Rey and Finn: \u201cIt\u2019s all true. The Dark Side. The Jedi. All of it.\u201d And they listen like teenagers being told the Tooth Fairy is real. If it seems implausible that a war hero could be forgotten so quickly, try asking the average 20-year-old who Audie Murphy was. Hell, ask a 40-year-old and see what you get. [PAR] FORGOTTEN HEROES [PAR] The filmmakers didn\u2019t forget about Luke, but others in the galaxy may have. [PAR] \u201cIt was the thing that struck me the hardest, which was the idea that doing a story that took place nearly 40 years after Jedi meant that there would be a generation for whom Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, and Leia would be as good as myth,\u201d Abrams says. \u201cThey\u2019d be as old and as mythic as the tale of King Arthur. They would be characters who they may have heard of, but maybe not. They\u2019d be characters who they might believe existed, or just sounded like a fairy tale.\u201d [PAR] This is especially true of Daisy Ridley\u2019s Rey, a young woman who was abandoned on the desert world of Jakku as a child and forced to eke out a meager existence as a scavenger amid its battlefield junkyards. [PAR] \u201cTo someone who is living alone and struggling without a formal education or support system, who knows what that person in the literal middle of nowhere would have ever heard about any of these things, or would ever know, and how much that person would have to infer and piece together on their own,\u201d Abrams says. \u201cSo the idea that someone like that would begin to learn that the Jedi were real, and that the Force exists, and that there\u2019s a power in the universe that sounds fanciful but is actually possible, was an incredibly intriguing notion.\u201d [PAR] John Boyega\u2019s Finn, raised from childhood to be a stormtrooper for The First Order, has actually heard of Luke Skywalker, but he was given a starkly different picture of him. \u201cFor Finn, he\u2019s been raised from the ashes of the Empire,\u201d says Boyega. \u201cHe\u2019s been taught about Luke Skywalker, he knows about his history. For him it\u2019s like joining the army and then learning about one of the great enemies of your country. It has that effect on him. But in terms of the Force, and the magical stuff that happens, that is the point where Finn kind of questions what is what. What is the Force, what part does Luke Skywalker play in all of this?\u201d [PAR] Han Solo, he adds, doesn\u2019t inspire the same fear. For Finn, it really is kind of: \u201cHan who?\u201d [PAR] \u201cTo a stormtrooper they\u2019ve probably been given a watered down bit about Han Solo or something,\u201d he says. \u201cIt doesn\u2019t feel as magical and mythical and historical, so you know. It\u2019s quite fun playing that not really knowing who these people are.\u201d [PAR] He ends up in possession of the lightsaber that once belonged to Luke, and to Luke\u2019s father before him. It was last seen tumbling down an air shaft after Darth Vader sliced off his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Death Star - liquisearch.com Death Star [PAR] Privacy [PAR] Death Star [PAR] The Death Star is a fictional moon-sized spacestation and superweapon appearing in the Star Wars movies and expanded universe. It is capable of destroying a planet with a single destructive energy beam. [PAR] Lego Star Wars - Films and Videos [PAR] ... A short video clip is included as a special feature in the Star Wars Clone Wars animated series' second season DVD, titled Revenge of the Brick ... In 2009, a short movie titled Lego Star Wars The Quest for R2-D2 was aired on Cartoon Network and uploaded to the LEGO Star Wars website ... In 2010, another CGI LEGO film was made titled Lego Star Wars Bombad Bounty where Vader hires Boba Fett to track down the gungan Jar Jar Binks for an accident he caused to Vader ... [PAR] Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II - Synopsis [PAR] ... Robot Chicken Star Wars Episode II is a 22-minute long special episode of Robot Chicken List of Skits in the Broadcast Version Boba Fett kills many Ewoks using his laser blasters, lightsabers, and a ... Opening sequence, redone from the previous special Robot Chicken Star Wars, based on the end sequences of Star Wars Episode III Revenge of the Sith but modified ... Parody of the Geonosian arena scene from Star Wars Episode II Attack of the Clones, as an over-the-top commercial for a monster truck event ... [PAR] Star Wars (Namco Video Game) - Gameplay [PAR] ... Star Wars plays like a side-scrolling platformer with two difficulty settings- the Novice Mission and the Pro Mission ... In two levels (the Death Star and Yavin IV) the player actually does get to fight the real Darth Vader ... The final level involves using the X-Wing against the Death Star ... [PAR] Death Star - Cultural Impact - Merchandise [PAR] ... playset and a model, respectively, of the first Death Star ... In 2005 and 2008, Lego released models of Death Star II and Death Star I, respectively ... Palitoy created a heavy card version of the Death Star as a playset for the vintage range of action figures in 1979 in the UK, Australia and Canada ... [PAR] List Of Star Wars Superweapons - Death Star [PAR] ... The Galactic Empire's ultimate terror weapon, the Death Star is a giant spherical military station with a superlaser weapon capable of destroying a planet ... A Death Star appears in Star Wars Episode IV A New Hope and another in Star Wars Episode VI Return of the Jedi ... The designs for the Death Star are visible in Star Wars Episode II Attack of the Clones, and a Death Star appears under construction at the end of Star Wars ... [PAR] Famous quotes containing the words star and/or death: [PAR] \u201cThe professional celebrity, male and female, is the crowning result of the star system of a society that makes a fetish of competition. In America, this system is carried to the point where a man who can knock a small white ball into a series of holes in the ground with more efficiency than anyone else thereby gains social access to the President of the United States.\u201d[DOC] [TLE] We the People are Demanding a Government \u2018Death Star\u2019 by 2016 We the People are Demanding a Government \u2018Death Star\u2019 by 2016 [PAR] We the People are Demanding a Government \u2018Death Star\u2019 by 2016 [PAR] By Mackenzie Dodge December 11, 2012 6:58 AM [PAR] Share on Twitter [PAR] Lucas Films [PAR] Did you know over 16 thousand people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wookiee - Wookieepedia - Wikia Wookiee | Wookieepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2015 Han Solo , and C-3PO [src] [PAR] The Wookiees were a species of tall, hairy humanoids that were native to the planet Kashyyyk . The most notable member of this species was the warrior Chewbacca , Han Solo 's best friend and co-pilot, who played a vital role in the Galactic Civil War by aiding the Rebel Alliance in their fight against the Galactic Empire , as well as the First Order\u2013Resistance conflict where he fought against the First Order . They were quite strong, and were known to rip people's arms out of their sockets when provoked. Though being from a temperate planet better known for its swamps and forests, they were able to be comfortable on icy worlds such as Ilum , Hoth , and Starkiller Base without any protective clothing, including gloves and boots. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] Wookiees were a tall species of furry giants from the planet Kashyyyk , who could grow to a height of nearly three meters . Despite their fearsome appearance and volatile temperament, Wookiees were regarded as intelligent, sophisticated, loyal and trusting. When angered, Wookiees were known to descend into a berserker rage. [17] Wookiees had a long lifespan, appearing not to age over a span of fifty years . [18] One Wookiee, Lohgarra , lived healthily for centuries \u2014the only distinction being her white fur. [6] They could learn to understand other languages , like Galactic Basic , but they were physically unable to speak them. To those who had not learned to understand Shyriiwook , the Wookiee language, [19] it appeared they spoke in a series of growls and purrs. Although rare, it was possible for Wookiees to be born Force-sensitive , like the Jedi youngling , Gungi . [20] [PAR] History [PAR] Edit [PAR] Wookiees originated on the Mid Rim forest planet of Kashyyyk. In the ancient past, they invented and crafted weapons that fired poisoned darts and arrows. [21] [PAR] During the Clone Wars , the Wookiees fought alongside the Galactic Republic in several star systems . [13] Towards the end of the conflict, Wookiee forces also defended their homeworld from a Separatist invasion with the help of Galactic Republic forces led by Jedi Master Yoda . [14] Following the establishment of the Galactic Empire , the Wookiee homeworld of Kashyyyk was blockaded by the Empire. The softening and repeal of anti-slavery laws ultimately led to the Empire classifying the Wookiees as non-sentient. [15] The Empire enslaved the Wookiees not because they were a meaningful threat to the Empire but because their massive, robust physiology allowed them to work long and hard in extreme conditions. [12] [PAR] As a result, many Wookiees were forced into slavery building much of the Imperial war machine, [12] sent to be worked to death in the dangerous spice mines of the planet Kessel , [13] or on construction sites such as the Death Star , though a number escaped this fate. [11] Numerous Wookiees were bred for use in medical experimentation, and some were used as playthings for Grand Moff Lozen Tolruck , Imperial governor of Kashyyyk, who occasionally hunted live Wookiees for sport. Tolruck controlled the Wookiees by fitting them with inhibitor chips . [12] [PAR] About fourteen years after the establishment of the Empire, [13] the 212th Attack Battalion led by General Kahdah quelled a Wookiee revolt on Kashyyyk. Civilian travel to the planet was restricted and access was granted only for official government business. [22] Shortly later, the Empire transported"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lightsaber - The Full Wiki Lightsaber - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Lightsaber [PAR] Prop of Luke Skywalker 's second lightsaber hilt [PAR] A plot element from the Star Wars franchise [PAR] First appearance [PAR] Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) [PAR] Genre [PAR] Jedi , Sith [PAR] A lightsaber is a science fiction weapon in the Star Wars movies and Expanded Universe . The lightsaber consists of a polished metal hilt which projects a blade of energy ( plasma ) about one meter long. The lightsaber is the signature weapon of the Jedi order and their Sith counterparts, both of whom can use them for offence, or to deflect blaster bolts. Its distinct appearance was created using rotoscoping for the original trilogy , and digitally for the prequel trilogy. The lightsaber first appeared in the original Star Wars film ( 1977 ) and every Star Wars movie to date features at least one lightsaber duel . In 2008 , a survey of approximately two thousand film fans found it to be the most popular film weapon. [1] [PAR] The lightsaber's blade cuts through most substances without resistance. It leaves cauterized wounds in flesh, but can be deflected by another lightsaber's blade, or an energy shield or wall. Some vibroswords and shields made with cortosis are also able to deflect them, as seen first in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic and, later on, in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords, and The Force Unleashed . An active lightsaber gives off a distinctive hum, which rises in pitch and volume as the blade is moved rapidly through the air. Bringing the blade into contact with an object or another lightsaber's blade produces a loud crackle. [PAR] The term \"lightsaber\" has been applied to other similar weapons in science fiction . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Production [PAR] Visual effects [PAR] Animator Nelson Shin was tasked with drawing the lightsaber to match the film scenes that the film producers brought. Shin explained to the people from Lucasfilm that since the lightsaber is made of light , the sword should look \"a little shaky\" like a fluorescent tube. He suggested inserting one frame that was much lighter than the others while printing the film on an optical printer , making the light seem to vibrate. Shin also recommended adding a degausser sound on top of the other sounds for the weapon since the sound would be reminiscent of a magnetic field. The whole process took one week, surprising his company, and Lucasfilm demonstrated the film to him, having followed his suggestions, including using an X-Acto knife to give the lightsaber a very sharp look. [2] [PAR] Sound [PAR] The lightsaber sound effect was developed by sound designer Ben Burtt as a combination of the hum of idling interlock motors in aged movie projectors and interference caused by a television set on an unshielded microphone . Burtt discovered the latter accidentally as he was looking for a buzzing, sparkling sound to add to the projector motor hum. [3] [PAR] The pitch changes of lightsaber movement were produced by playing the basic lightsaber tone on a speaker and recording it on a moving microphone, generating Doppler shift to mimic a moving sound source. [3]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mauretania Ship - Mauritania Net Worth Mauretania Ship - Mauritania Net Worth [PAR] Mauretania Ship [PAR] Mauritania Net Worth is 2,100 GDP/Capital ($). Mauritania i/mE?rE?E?teE?niE?/ (Arabic: U?U???U?????U?U???a?? MA< [PAR] < [PAR] Mauritania Net Worth is 2,100 GDP/Capital . [PAR] Mauritania Net Worth is 2,100 GDP/Capital . Mauritania i/mE?rE?E?teE?niE?/ , officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is an Arab Maghreb country in West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the ancient Berber Kingdom of Mauretania, which later became a province of the Roman Empire, even though the modern Mauritania covers a territory far to the south of the old Berber kingdom that had no relation with it. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast. [PAR] The government of Mauritania was overthrown on 6 August 2008, in a military coup d'Atat led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. On 16 April 2009, General Aziz resigned from the military to run for president... [PAR] BP Bets A Billion Dollars On West African LNG Exports [PAR] In the middle of December, Oil Major BP plc (NYSE:BP) partnered with up-and-coming energy firm Kosmos Energy Ltd (NYSE:KOS) to develop what could be a truly massive amount of gas resources located off the coast of Senegal and Mauritania. Possibly alongside ... [PAR] Posted: December 27, 2016, 3:53 pm [PAR] Moroccan Premier is expected in the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott Tuesday in a move to reiterate Morocco\u2019s full respect of Mauritanian territorial integrity after the verbal blunder of leader of the Moroccan Istiqlal Party who referred to Mauritania as ... [PAR] Posted: December 27, 2016, 8:53 am [PAR] Mauritanian President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz has lambasted Paris as he accused French logistic and transport company group Bollore of attempting to corrupt him so that he gives them the management of traffic at the port of Nouakchott. The Mauritania ... [PAR] Posted: December 26, 2016, 8:58 am [PAR] Australia's top grocer Woolworths to sell its chain of petrol stations to BP [PAR] The deal comes just days after BP struck a $1bn (\u00a3814m) deal to drill for gas in Mauritania and Senegal. It also follows BP approving a $9bn Mad Dog offshore project in the US, suggesting it is looking to expand across various domains. Woolworths CEO Brad ... [PAR] Posted: December 27, 2016, 11:27 pm"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Translation of Primus inter pares in English Translation of Primus inter pares in English [PAR] English Greek Spanish Polish [PAR] Primus inter pares in English [PAR] Primus inter pares (, pr\u014dtos metax\u1ef3 \u00eds\u014dn) is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals. It is typically used as an honorary title for those who are formally equal to other members of their group but are accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their seniority in office. The princeps senatus of the Roman Senate was such a figure and initially only bore the distinction that he was allowed to speak first during debate. However, the term is also often used ironically or self-deprecatingly by leaders with much higher status as a form of respect, camaraderie, or propaganda. After the fall of the Republic, Roman emperors initially referred to themselves only as princeps despite having power of life and death over their \"fellow citizens\". Various modern figures such as the Chair of the Federal Reserve, the Prime Minister of parliamentary regimes, the Federal President of Switzerland, the Chief Justice of the United States, and the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church fall under both senses: bearing higher status and various additional powers while remaining still merely equal to their peers in important senses. [PAR] See more at Wikipedia.org...[DOC] [TLE] primus inter pares - Latin-English Dictionary - Glosbe primus inter pares - Latin-English Dictionary - Glosbe [PAR] primus inter pares [PAR] primus inter pares in English [PAR] translation and definition \"primus inter pares\", Latin-English Dictionary online [PAR] Translations into English: [PAR] A title of the Roman Emperors |cf. princeps|. [PAR] Other meanings: [PAR] First among equals; traditionally used of a prime minister. [PAR] enwiki-01-2017-defs [PAR] First among equals; traditionally used of a (British) prime minister. [PAR] Automatic translation: [PAR] add example [PAR] No translation memories found. Consider more lenient search: click button to let Glosbe search more freely. [PAR] Showing page 1. Found 0 sentences matching phrase \"primus inter pares\".Found in 0.489 ms. Translation memories are created by human, but computer aligned, which might cause mistakes. They come from many sources and are not checked. Be warned."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Gordon Riots of 1780: London in Flames, a Nation in Ruins The Gordon Riots of 1780: London in Flames, a Nation in Ruins [PAR] The Gordon Riots of 1780: London in Flames, a Nation in Ruins [PAR] Professor Ian Haywood [PAR] Download this lecture [PAR] In June 1780 the most destructive urban riots in English history erupted onto the streets of London. Sparked by resistance to the Catholic Relief Act of 1778, the riots soon escalated into a sustained assault on government properties and institutions. Fuelled by popular resentment against the war with America, the mob set fire to the private houses of members of parliament, central London prisons, and the toll-booths on bridges: at one stage even the Bank of England was attacked. For several nights it seemed as if the whole of London was ablaze and the country was on the verge of revolution: in the words of one newspaper, \u2018every thing served to impress the mind with ideas of universal anarchy and approaching desolation\u2019. In this talk, Professor Ian Haywood argues that it was this spectacle of apocalyptic destruction that gave the Gordon riots their cultural power and mystique, evoking memories of the Great Fire of 1666 and anticipating both the French Revolution and the Bristol Reform-Bill riots of 1831. [PAR] This is the second in a series of four 'Mondays at One' lectures, From Gin Lane to the Band of Hope. Other lectures in the series are as follows: [PAR] Professor Ian Haywood [PAR] Professor of English at Roehampton University. Recent publications include, The Gordon Riots: Politics, Culture and Insurrection in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2012) (co-edited with John Seed), Bloody Romanticism: Spectacular Violence and the Politics of Representation 1776-1832(Palgrave, 2006) and The Revolution in Popular Literature: Print, Politics and the People 1790-1860 (Cambridge University Press, 2004). [PAR] Read More [PAR] The Gordon Riots of 1780: London in Flames, a Nation in Ruins [PAR] Professor Ian Haywood [PAR] The Gordon Riots of 1780: [PAR] London in Flames, a Nation in Ruins [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Alcohol does have a part to play in this talk, at a certain point, a very significant part, but I want to begin with the riots of 2011. You will remember those riots, I am sure, and at that time, some commentators drew parallels with the Gordon Riots of 1780. Jonathan Jones, for example, in the Guardian newspaper, saw what he called an \u201ceerie and striking parallel\u201d between the two events, or a striking and eerie resemblance between engravings of the Gordon Riots, which I am going to be talking about quite a lot. I moved to Croydon shortly after the riots, and did not realise I was going to be so close to one of these iconic sites. I think what Jones had realised was that the Gordon Riots was not just an enormous destructive event, as I will be describing to you, devastating large parts of Central London, and particularly the City, around here, it was also a spectacular visual event, and this is one of the reasons for its historical impact. In the words of the poet, William Cooper, the Gordon Riots left, quote, \u201ca metropolis in flames and a nation in ruins\u201d. [PAR] [PAR] Before I develop this theme about the spectacle of the Gordon Riots, and I must say, I am a literature professor primarily rather than a historian, so any historians in the audience may want to fire a deadly fact at me, I will outline briefly what happened during the second to ninth of June 1780. [PAR] [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Makarios III - Phantis Makarios III - Phantis [PAR] Makarios III [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Archbishop Makarios [PAR] Makarios was the adopted clerical name of Michail Christodoulou Mouskos ( August 13 , 1913 \u2013 August 3 , 1977 ). Makarios was Archbishop and Primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church ( 1950 - 77 ) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus ( 1960 - 77 ). [PAR] Contents [PAR] 7 Links [PAR] Early life, studies and church career (1913-50) [PAR] Mouskos was born in the village of Panayia in the Paphos province on August 13 , 1913 . In 1926 , at the age of 13, he was admitted to Kykko Monastery as a novice, and was educated there and at Lefkosia and Athens , graduating in 1942 with a degree in Theology. He took up the duties of a priest in the Orthodox Church while sustaining an interest in academic theology and, in 1938 , received a World Council of Churches scholarship to undertake further study at Boston University, Massachusetts, USA. [PAR] In 1948 , while still studying at Boston, he was elected Bishop of Kition. Mouskos adopted the clerical name Makarios and returned to Cyprus. [PAR] Makarios was a charismatic and popular figure in Cyprus, but his relationship with the British authorities was fraught. Like many public figures in the Greek Cypriot community on Cyprus, in the 1940s and 1950s he was an active supporter of Enosis - the union of Cyprus with Greece . [PAR] Enosism and EOKA (1950-55) [PAR] On October 20 , 1950 , Makarios was elected Archbishop of Cyprus . In this role he was not only the official head of the Orthodox Church in Cyprus, but became the Ethnarch, de facto leader of the Greek Cypriot community. This highly influential position put Makarios at the centre of Cypriot politics. [PAR] During the 1950s , Makarios embraced his dual role as Archbishop and Ethnarch with enthusiasm and became a very popular figure among Greek Cypriots. He soon became a leading advocate for Enosis , and during the early part of the decade he maintained close links with the Greek government. In August 1954 , partly at Makarios\u2019 instigation, Greece began to raise the \u2018Cyprus Question\u2019 at the United Nations, arguing for the principle of self-determination to be applied to Cyprus. This was viewed by advocates of Enosis as likely to result in the voluntary union of Cyprus with Greece following a public plebiscite. [PAR] However, the British government were reluctant to decolonise the island. The 1950s were a troubled decade for the British Empire and the cause of Enosis was quickly and amorphously allied to the idea of independence. In 1955 , a new organisation was formed under the banner of \u2018Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston\u2019 (in English \u2018National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters\u2019), under the leadership of Georgios Grivas , which conducted an armed struggle against the British occupation of Cyprus. [PAR] Escalation, \u2018 Taksim \u2019 and independence (1955-60) [PAR] In October 1955 , with the security situation deteriorating, the British Governor, Sir John Harding , opened talks on the island\u2019s future. By this stage, Makarios had become closely identified with the struggle, and talks broke up without any agreement in early 1956 . Makarios, characterised in the British press as a crooked Greek priest and viewed with suspicion by the British authorities, was seized at Lefkosia Airport and exiled to the Seychelles on March 9 . EOKA continued its campaign of protests and armed resistance during this period. [PAR] In the latter years of the 1950s ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Historic Figures: Mary II (1662 - 1694) BBC - History - Historic Figures: Mary II (1662 - 1694) [PAR] Historic Figures [PAR] z [PAR] Mary II \u00a9 The daughter of James II, Mary and her husband William of Orange became co-rulers of England after the 'Glorious Revolution'. [PAR] Mary was born on 30 April 1662, the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York and his first wife Anne Hyde. James converted to Catholicism at the end of the 1660s, but Mary and her sister Anne were raised as Protestants. In November 1677, Mary married her Dutch cousin William, Prince of Orange and went to the Netherlands to live with him. [PAR] In 1685, Mary's uncle Charles II died and her father became king. His pro-Catholic policies provoked a constitutional crisis. In June 1688, James's second wife gave birth to a son who, it was feared, would inherit the throne as another Catholic monarch. James's opponents invited William of Orange to England and he landed with an army in November 1688. James fled the following month. Mary insisted that she and William rule as joint monarchs and in April 1689, they were crowned together in Westminster Abbey. [PAR] The new king and queen accepted legislation to ensure such a crisis could not recur. The Bill of Rights of 1689 limited the sovereign's power, reaffirmed parliament's claim to control taxation and legislation, and provided guarantees against the abuses of power which James II and the other Stuart kings were perceived to have committed. Catholics were excluded from becoming monarch. The Toleration Act of 1689 gave Protestant non-conformists, but not Catholics, freedom of worship. [PAR] While William was directing military campaigns in Ireland (1690 - 1691) and on the Continent (1692 - 1694), Mary governed as regent, but she relied entirely on her husband's advice. In the periods when William was in England she willingly retired from politics. [PAR] Mary enjoyed great popularity, but continued to be deeply troubled by her estrangement from her deposed father. She died of smallpox on 28 December 1694 leaving William to rule alone. Their childlessness, and that of Mary's sister Anne, again threw open the question of the succession. The 1701 Act of Settlement was designed to secure the Protestant succession to the throne by nominating Princess Sophia, Electress of Hanover, who was descended from James I, and her heirs as successors to the British throne."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The State of Oregon - An Introduction to the Beaver State ... The State of Oregon - An Introduction to the Beaver State from NETSTATE.COM [PAR] The State of Oregon [PAR] Rugged Southern Oregon Coastline [PAR] The spectacular beauty of Oregon leaves no visitor untouched. The state is home to deep vast forests, volcanic peaks, fertile valleys, plateaus, and an incredibly rugged coastline. To stand on one of the cliffs overlooking the Pacific is awe-inspiring, and the irony of the name Pacific is obvious when the ocean thrashes the beaches and rocks below. [PAR] Oregon also is home to the deepest lake in America. With a depth of 1,932 feet, Crater Lake is a sight not to be missed. Deep, deep blue on a brilliant day, surrounded by the evergreen forest, Crater Lake is a uniquely wondrous and beautiful piece of Oregon's gorgeous terrain. [PAR] The largest reserves of standing timber in the country contribute to Oregon's status as the leading producer of timber and plywood. The state has consistently attempted to balance the needs of the timber industry with environmental concerns. [PAR] Oregon State Capitol, Salem [PAR] The origin of the name Oregon is not certain. One theory has it that the name comes from the French Canadian word \"ouragan\" meaning \"storm\" or \"hurricane.\" It's thought that the Columbia River was at one time called \"the river of storms\" by Canadian fur traders plying their trade in the area. [PAR] Another suggestion is that the name of the state came from the Spanish word \"orejon\" meaning \"big-ear.\" This was a term that was applied to many Indian tribes in the area. [PAR] A third idea suggests that the name of this state comes from the Spanish word \"or\u00e9gano\" for the wild sage which grows so vigorously in eastern Oregon. [PAR] THE STATE NICKNAMES: [PAR] The Beaver State [PAR] Oregon is called \"The Beaver State\" because of the association of beavers with the early history of the state and because of the admirable qualities of intelligence, industry, and ingenuity that are associated with this animal. The beaver is the official state animal and is displayed on the Oregon state flag . [PAR] The Web-foot State [PAR] Anyone who's been to Oregon will surely understand that this nickname comes from the amount or rain that falls in the state, most of it in the western 1/3 of the state. Precipitation [PAR] can average from 40 to more than 180 inches a year in some areas. [PAR] The Hard-case State [PAR] or \"The Land of Hard Cases\" was a nickname that was given to Oregon because of the hardships encountered by early settlers in the area. [PAR] The Sunset State [PAR] Oregon was called \"The Sunset State\" because of its far west location. At the time Oregon joined the Union, in 1859, it was the most westerly of all the states. This position was lost when Washington joined the Union in 1889 and again when Alaska joined in 1959."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Decathlon - List of Sports Decathlon - List of Sports [PAR] List of Sports [PAR] Leave a comment [PAR] College decathlete competitors pose at the 2009 NCAA Outdoor Track & Field Championships in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. [PAR] The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word decathlon is of Greek origin (from ???? deka [ten] and ????? athlos [contest]). Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved. The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon . [PAR] Traditionally, the title of \u201cWorld\u2019s Greatest Athlete\u201d has been given to the man who wins the decathlon. This began when King Gustav V of Sweden told Jim Thorpe , \u201cYou, sir, are the world\u2019s greatest athlete\u201d after Thorpe won the decathlon at the Stockholm Olympics in 1912. The current holder of the title is American Bryan Clay , the gold medal winner of the event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , who took the title from Athens Olympics Czech champion Roman \u0160ebrle . [PAR] The event developed from the ancient pentathlon . Pentathlon competitions were held at the ancient Greek Olympics . Pentathlons involved five disciplines \u2013 long jump , discus throw , javelin throw , sprint and a wrestling match. [4] Introduced in Olympia during 708 BC, the competition was extremely popular for many centuries. By the 6th century BC, pentathlons had become part of religious games. The Amateur Athletic Union held \u201call around events\u201d from the 1880s and a decathlon first appeared on the Olympic athletics program at the 1904 Games . [PAR] Format [PAR] Men\u2019s decathlon [PAR] The vast majority of international and top level men\u2019s decathlons are divided in to a two-day competition, with the track and field events held in the order below. Traditionally, all decathletes who finished the event do a round of honour together after the competition, rather than just the winner or medalling athletes. [PAR] Day 1 [PAR] 1500 metres [PAR] Women\u2019s decathlon [PAR] At major championships, the women\u2019s equivalent of the decathlon is the seven-event heptathlon ; prior to 1981 it was the five-event pentathlon . However, in 2001 the IAAF approved scoring tables for women\u2019s decathlon; the current world record holder is Austra Skujyt? of Lithuania . Women\u2019s disciplines differ from men\u2019s in the same way as for standalone events: the shot, discus and javelin weigh less, and the sprint hurdles uses lower hurdles over 100 m rather than 110 m. The points tables used are the same as for the heptathlon in the shared events. The schedule of events differs from the men\u2019s decathlon, with the field events switched between day one and day two; this is to avoid scheduling conflicts when men\u2019s and women\u2019s decathlon competitions take place simultaneously. [PAR] Day 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Said 'The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships' First? The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships [PAR] The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships [PAR] The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships [PAR] Where did that expression come from? [PAR] The Rape of Helen, Mid of 17th c, Museo del Prado, Madrid. Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images [PAR] By N.S. Gill [PAR] Updated August 30, 2016. [PAR] \"The face that launched a thousand ships\" is a well-known figure of speech and a snippet of 17th-century poetry that refers to Helen of Troy. [PAR] The poetry of Shakespeare 's contemporary English playwright Christopher Marlowe is responsible for what is among the most lovely and famous lines in English literature. [PAR] Was this the face that launched a thousand ships [PAR] And burnt the topless towers of Illium? [PAR] Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss... [PAR] The line comes from Marlowe's play The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus , published in 1604. In the play, Faustus is an ambitious man, who has decided that necromancy--speaking to the dead--is the only path to the power he seeks. The risk of communing with dead spirits, however, is that raising them can make you their master, or their slave. Faustus, conjuring on his own, makes a deal with the demon Mephistopheles , and one of the spirits Faustus raises is Helen of Troy. Because he cannot resist her, he makes her his paramour and is damned forever. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] Helen in the Iliad [PAR] According to Homer's The Iliad, Helen was the wife of the king of Sparta, Menelaus. She was so beautiful that Greek men went to Troy and fought the Trojan War to win her back from her lover Paris . The \"thousand ships\" in Marlowe's play refer to the Greek army who set sail from Aulis to war with the Trojans and burn down Troy (Greek name=Illium). But the immortality requested results in the curse of Mephistopheles and the damnation of Faustus. [PAR] Helen had been abducted before she married Menelaus , so Menelaus knew it could happen again. Before Helen of Sparta married Menelaus, all the Greek suitors, and she had had quite a few, swore an oath to aid Menelaus should he ever need their help retrieving his wife. Those suitors or their sons brought their own troops and ships to Troy. [PAR] The Trojan War may have actually happened. The stories about it, best known from the author known as Homer, say it lasted 10 years. At the end of the Trojan War, the belly of the Trojan Horse (from which we get the expression \" beware of Greeks bearing gifts \") sneakily transported Greeks into Troy where they set fire to the city, killed the Trojan men, and took many of the Trojan women as concubines. Helen of Troy returned to her original husband, Menelaus. [PAR] Helen as an Icon; Marlowe's Play on Words [PAR] Marlowe's phrase is not to be taken literally, of course, it's an example of what English scholars call metalepsis , a stylistic flourish that skips from X to Z, bypassing Y: of course, Helen's face didn't launch any ships, Marlowe is saying she caused the Trojan War. Today the phrase is most commonly used as a metaphor for beauty and its seductive and destructive force. There have been several books exploring the feminist considerations of Helen and her treacherous beauty, including the well-received one from historian Bettany Hughes ( Helen of Troy: The Story Behind the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lust for Life | film by Minnelli [1956] | Britannica.com Lust for Life | film by Minnelli [1956] | Britannica.com [PAR] film by Minnelli [1956] [PAR] Lust for Life, American film drama, released in 1956, that chronicles the life of artist Vincent van Gogh and was notable for the acclaimed performances by Kirk Douglas and Anthony Quinn . [PAR] (From left) Anthony Quinn, Pamela Brown, and Kirk Douglas in Lust for Life \u2026 [PAR] Courtesy of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. [PAR] Lust for Life details the passions and frustrations of van Gogh (played by Douglas), who eventually took his own life. Although relatively unknown at the time of his death, he would later be considered one of the greatest Post-Impressionists . [PAR] It took producer John Houseman almost a decade to bring Irving Stone \u2019s best-selling fictionalized biography of van Gogh to the screen. The film, directed by Vincente Minnelli , includes numerous scenes that were shot in the actual European locales featured in van Gogh\u2019s paintings. Douglas earned an Academy Award nomination for his fiery performance, and Quinn won an Oscar for best supporting actor for his brief appearance as painter Paul Gauguin . [PAR] Production notes and credits [PAR] James Donald (Theo van Gogh) [PAR] Pamela Brown (Christine) [PAR] Academy Award nominations (* denotes win) [PAR] Screenplay, adapted [PAR] Art direction\u2013set decoration (colour) [PAR] Lead actor (Kirk Douglas) [PAR] Vincent van Gogh [PAR] March 30, 1853 Zundert, Netherlands July 29, 1890 Auvers-sur-Oise, near Paris, France Dutch painter, generally considered the greatest after Rembrandt, and one of the greatest of the Post-Impressionists. The striking colour, emphatic brushwork, and contoured forms of his work powerfully influenced... [PAR] Post-Impressionism [PAR] in Western painting, movement in France that represented both an extension of Impressionism and a rejection of that style\u2019s inherent limitations. The term Post-Impressionism was coined by the English art critic Roger Fry for the work of such late 19th-century painters as Paul C\u00e9zanne,... [PAR] More about Lust for Life [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] The American film drama Lust for Life (1956) chronicles the life of artist Vincent van Gogh. The movie was notable for the acclaimed performances by Kirk Douglas and Anthony Quinn. [PAR] Article Contributors [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Esotropia \u2014 AAPOS Esotropia \u2014 AAPOS [PAR] Read in Chinese [PAR] What is esotropia? [PAR] Esotropia is in-turning of one or both eyes [See figure 1]. It may be intermittent or constant and may occur with near fixation, distance fixation, or both. The crossing may occur predominantly with one eye or may alternate between eyes. Esotropia may occur at any age and is the opposite of exotropia (outward eye turn). [PAR] Is esotropia ever \u2018normal\u2019? [PAR] Esotropia in infants less than 20 weeks old frequently resolves spontaneously, especially when the misalignment is intermittent and small in magnitude. However, constant eye crossing at ANY age should be evaluated promptly by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Eye crossing (constant or intermittent) beyond 4 months of age should be evaluated. [PAR] What are the different types of esotropia? [PAR] Esotropia can be classified by age of onset (congenital/infantile vs. acquired); by frequency (intermittent vs. constant); or by whether it can be treated with glasses (accommodative vs. non-accommodative). For specific information, see infantile esotropia and accommodative esotropia. [PAR] Esotropia can also be secondary to other conditions. Poor vision can cause in-turning of an eye. Various neurological conditions (hydrocephalus, stroke, etc.) can cause an eye to turn inward. A number of medical conditions can cause esotropia (thyroid eye disease, Duane syndrome, etc.). [PAR] What problems can esotropia cause? [PAR] The effect of esotropia on the visual system depends on the frequency/severity of eye crossing and age. Eye crossing affects the ability of the eyes to work together. Older children and adults with a new onset esotropia often experience diplopia (double vision) and or decreased binocular visual field. Children can lose stereopsis (3-D vision) and binocularity (simultaneous use of the eyes) in addition to loss of vision in the crossing eye (amblyopia). [PAR] Does esotropia run in families? [PAR] Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes, does run in families. However, affected family members do not necessarily share the same type and/or severity of strabismus. A family history of strabismus is a very good reason for an evaluation by a pediatric ophthalmologist. [PAR] Are there conditions that increase the risk of esotropia? [PAR] Prematurity, a positive family history, and various neurological and genetic disorders increase the risk of eye misalignment. Also, some systemic disorders cause ocular misalignment (hyperthyroidism, diabetes, etc.). [PAR] Do children ever look crossed eyed but actually have straight eyes? [PAR] Pseudostrabismus is the appearance of, but not truly misaligned eyes and is usually secondary to the shape of the eyelids and/or nasal bridge [See figure 2]. Any child suspected of having ocular misalignment should have a thorough examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Some children can have both pseudostrabismus and actual eye misalignment. Therefore pseudostrabismus does not by itself eliminate the possibility of true eye crossing. [PAR] How does a Pediatric Ophthalmologist evaluate a child with suspected esotropia? [PAR] After taking a careful history, the physician assesses the visual acuity in a manner appropriate for age. A key component is to determine whether the acuity is equal in each eye or if one eye is stronger than the other. Ocular misalignment, if detected, is quantified. The general health of the eye, as well as the refractive state of the eye (ie. farsightedness, nearsightedness, astigmatism) is assessed. [PAR] What are the treatment options for esotropia? [PAR] Management of esotropia is based on a number of factors. The overriding principles are: [PAR] \u2022 Re-establishment of ocular alignment[DOC] [TLE] Esotropia | What is Strabismus Esotropia | What is Strabismus [PAR] What is Strabismus? [PAR] by Dr. Jeffrey Cooper , Rachel Cooper (no relation), and Dr. Leonard Press, FCOVD,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Geppetto - Disney Wiki - Wikia Geppetto | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cGood Geppetto, you have given so much happiness to others, that you deserve to have your wish come true.\u201d [PAR] \u2015The Blue Fairy before granting Pinocchio life. [PAR] Geppetto is a major character in Disney 's 1940 animated feature film, Pinocchio . He is a woodcarver who creates Pinocchio and wishes for him to become a real boy. When his wish comes true, he becomes the father of Pinocchio. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Geppetto is described by Jiminy Cricket as a woodcarver who lives in a small home with his kitten Figaro and goldfish Cleo . Aside from his pets, he doesn't seem to have a family but nevertheless remains kind-hearted and humble. According to the Blue Fairy , Geppetto is somewhat of a saint, and he is implied to have spent a majority of his life selflessly bringing joy to others. [PAR] As mentioned, Geppetto is a woodcarver and is extremely talented in his work. His home is filled with a massive array of original creations, including toys, figurines, clocks, articulated knick-knacks and other items created by Geppetto, himself. He also appears to have some musical talent, as he not only creates a number of music boxes but is seen playing a Template:WikipediaLink:concertina . [PAR] Personality [PAR] Geppetto is a humble old man, who gleefully spends a majority of his time working on unique creations in his workshop. Most of these creations are meant for the entertainment of both himself and others, presenting Geppetto as a playful child-at-heart. He doesn't have much sternness in his attitude, nor does has he shown any legitimately negative traits to his character, aside from being somewhat of a passive. [PAR] He is also very whimsical, with Jiminy describing his dreams as \"lovely thoughts, but not at all practical\", specifically referring to Geppetto's dream to have Pinocchio become a real boy. He doesn't make much of a fuss of how Pinocchio's sentence came to be, once they met. Additionally, he speaks to and treats both Figaro and Cleo as his children, and at times confidantes, rather than animals. [PAR] As Pinocchio's father, Geppetto is undoubtedly loving, nurturing, and protective. He was initially shocked at Pinocchio's presence, being a living puppet, but was quick to set that aside for the sake of providing him with the love that any human child should receive. After Pinocchio went missing, Geppetto wasted no time in searching the village, and beyond, to find his son; taking on dark streets, rain storms, and the deadly whale Monstro , Geppetto was relentless in ensuring his son was safe. After the two finally reunite, and Geppetto learned of Pinocchio's mishaps, he made no effort to reprimand his evidently remorseful son, simply feeling grateful to finally be a united family, once more. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Pinocchio [PAR] When first introduced, Geppetto is shown to be working on his latest, greatest creation, a marionette. Geppetto then names the puppet Pinocchio , for he was made of pine, and plays around with it once he's completed. This makes Figaro very jealous, which Geppetto realizes eventually. [PAR] Geppetto then realizes it's bed time and spots a wishing star from his bed. He reveals to Figaro his wish for Pinocchio to become a real boy. Afterward, Geppetto dozes off to sleep. During his slumber, Geppetto is visited by the Blue Fairy who grants Geppetto's wish for his acts of kindness to others. Through her magic, Pinocchio comes to life. He walks and talks, complete"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barista | Definition of Barista by Merriam-Webster Barista | Definition of Barista by Merriam-Webster [PAR] noun ba\u00b7ris\u00b7ta \\b\u0259-\u02c8r\u0113s-t\u0259, b\u00e4-\u02c8r\u0113s-t\u00e4\\ [PAR] Definition of barista for English Language Learners [PAR] : someone who makes and serves coffee and coffee drinks (such as cappuccino) to customers [PAR] Learn More about barista"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National Flower of Pakistan - heritage.pk National Flower of Pakistan | [PAR] 3 Comments [PAR] Another symbol of Pakistan is the national flower. Well, the national flower of the country is Jasmine or Chambeli, which is called the national flower of Pakistan. [PAR] Chambeli is a very gorgeous delicate tiny flower that has white and yellow colors. It grows in clusters in shrubs. It has sparkling leaves and graceful beautiful fragrance. Chambeli blooms in summer season and needs abundance of water, manure and sunshine to flourish. [PAR] Chamebli is quite common all over Pakistan. Chambeli also has been the central subject of poetry and been described as a symbol of beauty and purity in poetic verses and works. [PAR] It also provides the aesthetic adorning to the landscape."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kirsty Young is the surprise choice to present Desert ... Kirsty Young is the surprise choice to present Desert Island Discs - Telegraph [PAR] Kirsty Young is the surprise choice to present Desert Island Discs [PAR] Kirsty Young: 'I can't wait to get started' [PAR] By Hugh Davies [PAR] 12:01AM BST 28 Jun 2006 [PAR] In an entirely unexpected move, the BBC has picked Kirsty Young, the presenter of Channel 5's Five News, to replace Sue Lawley on Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. [PAR] Like her predecessor, Young comes from a solid news background, but was never publicly seen as a favourite for the plum job in British radio. [PAR] The shortlist was thought to have been all male, with Jonathan Dimbleby and Nick Clarke, the World At One host who is recovering from cancer, regarded as the favourites. [PAR] BBC officials said they wanted \"someone who can build a rapport with a guest inside 40 minutes, who can pursue a revelatory comment while keeping the chat informal and who understands a cross-section of music\". [PAR] Mark Damazer, the controller of Radio 4, said yesterday that Young's \"warmth and curiosity\" would be \"the perfect combination\" for taking over the show in the autumn. He added: \"I have admired her work on radio and television for a number of years.\" [PAR] Young, 37, while not known for her comedic talent, acquitted herself with acclaim as a guest presenter on four occasions of the television quiz show Have I Got News For You. She also appeared as a guest in Room 101, dumping her cowboy boots. [PAR] She will continue to present Five News's 5.30pm and 7pm bulletins. Chris Shaw, the senior programme controller of news and current affairs at Five, said: \"We are delighted that Kirsty will be the new presenter. [PAR] \"Everyone here is very pleased and I believe this will only enhance her reputation as a brilliant broadcaster and the face of Five.\" [PAR] Young, who is currently on maternity leave, said: \"I've loved Desert Island Discs for as long as I've been listening to radio. [PAR] \"Its enduring success is testament both to the brilliant format and consistently fascinating guests. There isn't a show on radio I'd rather present. I'm completely thrilled to be doing it and can't wait to get started.\" [PAR] The presenter began her career on radio at BBC Scotland. She has also worked for BBC Television, ITV and ITN."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tox Town - Ethylene Glycol - Toxic chemicals and ... Tox Town - Ethylene Glycol - Toxic chemicals and environmental health risks where you live and work - Text Version [PAR] Ethylene glycol is a liquid used in antifreeze, brake fluid, and many consumer products. [PAR] What is ethylene glycol? [PAR] Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid that has a sweet taste. It can exist in the air in vapor form. Other common names for ethylene glycol are glycol and glycol alcohol. The chemical formula for ethylene glycol is C2H6O2. [PAR] Ethylene glycol is used to make antifreeze and de-icing solutions for cars, airplanes, airport runways, and boats. It is used in cooling and heating systems, hydraulic brake fluids, electrolytic condensers, plasticizers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, lacquers, resins, wood stains, leather dyeing, photographic developing solutions, textile processing, polyester fibers, synthetic waxes, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, and safety explosives. It is used to create artificial smoke and mist for theatrical productions and as an ingredient in several processes related to packing, transporting, or holding food. Other uses for ethylene glycol are as a solvent for paints and plastics, a softening agent for cellophane, a stabilizer for soybean extinguishing foam, and an ingredient in printers\u2019 inks, stamp pad inks, and ballpoint pen inks. [PAR] How might I be exposed to ethylene glycol? [PAR] You can be exposed to ethylene glycol by breathing or touching it at home if you use antifreeze, photographic developing solutions, latex paints, coolants, or brake fluid. You can also be exposed by eating food, using cosmetics, or taking medicines that contain ethylene glycol. [PAR] At work, you can be exposed to ethylene glycol if you work at a facility that manufactures antifreeze, brake fluid, coolants, cellophane, inks, ballpoint pens, polyester fibers, plastics, lacquers, synthetic waxes, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, or safety explosives. Exposure can occur if you work in the food packaging and transportation business, air conditioning and heating business, at an airport, in a vehicle repair shop, or at a boatyard. [PAR] How can ethylene glycol affect my health? [PAR] Eating or drinking very large amounts of ethylene glycol can cause death, coma, or unconsciousness. Exposure may damage a developing fetus. [PAR] Eating or drinking large amounts of ethylene glycol may cause adult respiratory distress syndrome, affect or damage the kidneys and brain, and cause convulsions and heart problems. [PAR] Exposure to lower amounts of ethylene glycol can cause nausea, vomiting, weakness, bloody or no urine, rapid breathing, hypothermia, facial paralysis, dizziness, blue lips and fingernails, low or high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, headaches, slurred speech, disorientation, feeling intoxicated, and irritated skin, eyes, nose, and throat. [PAR] If you think your health has been affected by exposure to ethylene glycol, contact your health care professional. [PAR] For poisoning emergencies or questions about possible poisons, please contact your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. [PAR] This description is based on the information found in the Web links listed with this topic. [PAR] More Links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FilePlanet: Devil Bones - FilePlanet: Free PC Games ... Devil Bones - FilePlanet [PAR] Devil Bones [PAR] /5.0 [PAR] Description: Devil Bones [PAR] Devil-Bones is a version of an age old dice game with three modes Of play a 'Timed Game Mode', 'Play The computer Mode' and A 'Bonus Round Mode.' [PAR] Comments [PAR] Websites & blogs [PAR] Welcome to FilePlanet, the leading online destination for Devil Bones downloads and hundreds of thousands of other game files, including demos, patches, mods, trailers, free pc games and more. Our mission is to support the gaming community with a fast and reliable download site. Aside from official game files and cool indie games, users can also upload their own content to share with the world. We also partner with top game developers and publishers to run exclusive beta tests of new games, especially multiplayer titles and MMOs. You can start using our download services to download Devil Bones by creating a free account on FilePlanet to access our public servers, or upgrade to a premium account to access our no-wait servers and enjoy our subscriber exclusives. Thanks for using FilePlanet! [PAR] An Innova Media site. [PAR] By continuing past this page, and by your continued use of this site, you agree to be bound by and abide by the User Agreement ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Plateado - Spanish to English Translation | Spanish Central Plateado - Spanish to English Translation | Spanish Central [PAR] plateado [PAR] : silver-plated [PAR] Seen & Heard [PAR] What made you want to look up plateado? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). [PAR] Spanish Quizzes[DOC] [TLE] metal de color blanco plateado - English translation \u2013 Linguee metal de color blanco plateado - English translation \u2013 Linguee [PAR] Disponible en color blanco, negro y plateado y en acero inoxidable altamente pulido para combinar perfectamente con otros equipos de cubierta. [PAR] bluemarinestore.com [PAR] Available in white, black and silver finishes as well as highly polished stainless steel to combine perfectly with other deck equipment or hardware. [PAR] bluemarinestore.com [PAR] Un metal blanco plateado que es muy resistente y estable a la temperatura ambiente. [PAR] southernperu.com [PAR] A natural concentration of valuable material that can be extracted and sold at a profit. [PAR] southernperu.com [PAR] Por lo general los tanques de propano est\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n pintados de color blanco o plateado para reflejar el calor e impedir que suba demasiado [...] [...] [PAR] la presi\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n en el interior del tanque. [PAR] ferrellgas.net [PAR] ferrellgas.net [PAR] Propane tanks [PAR] [...] are typically painted white or silver to reflect heat and prevent the pressure inside the tank from getting too high. [PAR] ferrellgas.net [PAR] La mayor\u00ef\u00bf\u0153a de las personas con psoriasis presentan [PAR] [...] parches gruesos de color plateado-blanco con piel roja [...] [PAR] y escamosa, llamados escamas. [PAR] Nickel is a silvery-white metal found in nature. [PAR] vnacarenewengland.org [PAR] vnacarenewengland.org [PAR] Elemento [PAR] [...] qu\u00ef\u00bf\u0153mico, s\u00ef\u00bf\u0153mbolo Ca; metal que reacciona intensamente con ox\u00ef\u00bf\u0153geno y agua, inestable en la exposici\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n al aire, blando, con un brillo plateado blanco. [PAR] health-kiosk.ch [PAR] A soft silver-white and shining metal which is unstable in air and which reacts violently with oxygen and water. [PAR] health-kiosk.ch [PAR] health-kiosk.ch [PAR] Una base [PAR] [...] portacandelitas de metal plateado se luce con elegancia sobre el vidrio soplado a mano para mostrar tesoros como conchas de mar, flores o canicas de colores. [PAR] partylite.us [PAR] A silver metal tealight tray sits elegantly atop hand blown glass displaying treasures like seashells, flowers, or colored marbles. [PAR] partylite.us [PAR] El pigmento blanco plateado Timiron\u00ef\u00bf\u0153 BF-1001 crea efectos de lustre sedoso tanto en cosm\u00ef\u00bf\u0153ticos de color como en productos [...] [PAR] de cuidado personal. [PAR] [...] an iridescent appearance and are silver in colour. [PAR] eur-lex.europa.eu [PAR] Cierre es de metal plateado. [PAR] awishinabox.com [PAR] Clasp is made of silver plated metal. [PAR] awishinabox.com [PAR] Las \u00ef\u00bf\u0153Cornish sardines\u00ef\u00bf\u0153 poseen un color [PAR] [...] [PAR] verde met\u00ef\u00bf\u0153lico o verde [PAR] [...] oliva a lo largo del lomo con los costados dorados y un brillo que va del color gris perla al blanco plateado en el vientre. [PAR] eur-lex.europa.eu [PAR] eur-lex.europa.eu [PAR] Cornish sardines are [PAR] [...] metallic green or olive coloured along the back with golden flanks and pearlescent silver shading to silvery-white on the belly. [PAR] eur-lex.europa.eu [PAR] El lomo de este pescado es negro, gris o casta\u00ef\u00bf\u0153o y el vientre blanco o plateado. [PAR] spain.info [PAR] The back of the fish is black, grey or brown and the belly is white or silver. [PAR] spain.info [PAR] Las estructuras densas, como los huesos, bloquear\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n la [PAR] [...] [PAR] mayor\u00ef\u00bf\u0153a de las part\u00ef\u00bf\u0153culas de rayos [PAR] [...] X y aparecer\u00ef\u00bf\u0153n de color blanco; el metal y los medios de [...] [PAR] contraste (tintes especiales utilizados [PAR] [...] est\u00ef\u00bf\u0153 representado por una copa de metal plateado y en la parte superior puede tener [...] [PAR] la figura de un"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Beckham snubbed by Honours ... - Daily Mail Online David Beckham snubbed by Honours Committee... no Ladyship for Posh | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] David Beckham has suffered the humiliation of being rejected for a knighthood after a row among the officials in charge of honours. [PAR] Some said he should be made Sir David for his footballing achievements and for helping London to host the 2012 Olympics. [PAR] But other officials, described by a source as \u2018one or two stuffed-shirt snobs\u2019, said it was too soon to make cockney-accented Beckham, 38, a knight of the realm. [PAR] Sick as a parrot? A knighthood for Beckham has been ruled out for now, leaving Posh a lady in waiting. Beckham was awarded an OBE for services to football in 2003 (right) [PAR] It was argued that after a knighthood for Tour de France-winning cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins last year, sporting gongs were \u2018in danger of being handed out like confetti\u2019. [PAR] But glamorous Welsh singer Katherine Jenkins, 33, is set to receive an OBE \u2013 four years after she admitted taking cocaine, ecstasy and cannabis as a student. She is also known for her charity work and has performed concerts in Iraq and Afghanistan for British troops. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] A vigorous debate took place over whether Beckham should get the nod in this week\u2019s New Year Honours \u2013 or be made to wait. In the end, his critics won. \u2018There was a view it wouldn\u2019t do him any harm to wait a bit longer,\u2019 said one source. If Beckham is to receive the honour in the future, the entire vetting process will have to start from scratch. [PAR] Honoured: Glamorous Welsh singer Katherine Jenkins, 33, is set to receive an OBE [PAR] Forces sweetheart: Miss Jenkins, pictured during a visit to Camp Bastion, is also known for her charity work and has performed concerts in Iraq and Afghanistan for British troops [PAR] The rejection is a bitter blow to Beckham\u2019s wife, former Spice Girl Victoria, who would have received the honorary title of \u2018Lady Beckham\u2019 \u2013 although she would no doubt have become known as \u2018Lady Posh\u2019. [PAR] The snub is all the more embarrassing after reports that Beckham\u2019s knighthood was assured. A national newspaper last month suggested the decision had been made. And it claimed football-loving Prince William would knight \u2018Sir David\u2019 at Buckingham Palace. [PAR] Beckham\u2019s name was put forward for a knighthood in May when he announced he was ending his glittering 20-year career as a footballer. He earned 115 England caps and won the Premiership with Manchester United six times. Tony Blair has praised his role in the team of politicians and sports stars that helped London win the right to stage last year\u2019s Olympics. He is also a \u2018goodwill ambassador\u2019 for global children\u2019s charity Unicef and a patron of Sir Elton John\u2019s Aids Foundation. [PAR] Sir Bradley: It was argued that after a knighthood for Tour de France-winning cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins last year, sporting gongs were 'in danger of being handed out like confetti' [PAR] In 2003, when the Queen awarded him the OBE for services to football, Beckham \u2013 now a global fashion pin-up, modelling his own range of underwear \u2013 said: \u2018I am honoured and privileged to receive this recognition. It\u2019s not just for me but for Manchester United, England, all of my team-mates and my family.\u2019 [PAR] Getting the equivalent of a knighthood \u2018red card\u2019 from the Honours Committee will hurt every bit as much as his two England"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Designer Jeans - Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing ... Designer Jeans - Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages [PAR] Designer Jeans - Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages [PAR] Designer Jeans [PAR] Since their invention in the nineteenth century, the durable pants known as blue jeans or dungarees were commonly worn by cowboys and farmers and, later, children and teenagers. Starting in the late 1970s, however, a new kind of jean appeared in the marketplace. Called designer jeans, they were fashioned for style rather than practicality. They were worn skin-tight to accentuate the body's curves. Designer jeans were made with combinations of cotton, span-dex, and Lycra, which allowed them to move and stretch with the body. Some were even made of suede and leather. [PAR] Traditional blue jeans were so named for an obvious reason: they were blue in color. But designer jeans came in all colors, starting with several shades of blue, black, gray, brown, olive, tan, and white. They also featured various fabric treatments, including bleached, with the color faded; acid-washed, or extremely bleached, [PAR] Model and actress Brooke Shields shows off her Calvin Klein designer jeans. Reproduced by permission of . [PAR] with streaks; and stone-washed, so as to look worn. Designer jeans also offered a variety of pant leg styles, from very snug to very loose. Some pants had zippers at their leg bottoms, and others were purposefully ripped. [PAR] Arguably the era's highest profile designer jeans featured the name of Gloria Vanderbilt (1924\u2013), a celebrated American socialite and heiress of the Vanderbilt fortune. (The Vanderbilt family had been one of the wealthiest families in the United States, building their fortune in shipping and railroads in the late 1800s and early 1900s.) The Murjani Company worked with Vanderbilt to design and market Gloria Vanderbilt Jeans and sales of the sexy, super-tight-fitting jeans skyrocketed. They featured the Vanderbilt name on their back pocket and a trademark swan logo above the front pocket. [PAR] Other popular 1980s jeans brands were EJ Gitano, Jordache, Guess, Girbaud, Sergio Valente, Chic, Zena, and Sassoon. As the result of a TV ad featuring a bouncy lyric, \"Ooh La La Sassoon,\" Sassoon jeans had special appeal for young girls. The ad conveyed the message that, if you really wanted to be part of the \"in,\" or popular, crowd, you had better be wearing Sassoon jeans. [PAR] Designer jeans generally were more expensive than traditional jeans. Calvin Klein (1942\u2013) won name recognition when he became the first designer to market the jeans at affordable prices. Their subsequent popularity may be attributed to the manner in which they were marketed by Klein. In a celebrated 1980 television ad, fifteen-year-old actress/model Brooke Shields (1965\u2013) seductively declared, \"Nothing comes between me and my Calvins.\" The commercial was controversial, and sales of Klein designer jeans soared. [PAR] While specific designer jean types went out of style in the late 1980s, the range of available blue jean styles remained endless. [PAR] FOR MORE INFORMATION[DOC] [TLE] Brooke Shields (Actress) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Brooke Shields (Actress) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Brooke Shields [PAR] Female [PAR] Born May 31, 1965 [PAR] Brooke Shields is an American actress, model and former child star. Some of her better-known movies include Pretty Baby and The Blue Lagoon, as well as TV shows such as Suddenly Susan, That '70s Show, and Lipstick Jungle. [PAR] related links [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Brooke Shields. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1965 Birth Born"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] England Facts - Learn about the country of England England Facts - Learn about the country of England [PAR] England Facts [PAR] Facts about the country of England, including location, climate, landscape, population, currency, government and more. [PAR] (This page was last updated 2nd February 2012) [PAR] ENGLAND'S LOCATION [PAR] England is an island country situated in North-West Europe, on the island of 'Great Britain'. [PAR] Great Britain is made up of 3 countries - England, Scotland, and Wales (see map below). [PAR] Covering two-thirds of Great Britain, England is the largest country on the island. [PAR] Map of Great Britain, showing the countries of England, Scotland, and Wales. [PAR] Below is a map showing the whole of the island of Great Britain in relation to the rest of Europe. Great Britain is the largest island in Europe and the eighth largest island in the world. [PAR] France, on mainland Europe, is approx 35 kilometres away from the island of Great Britain and since 1994 has been joined to the island via an undersea rail network called the Channel Tunnel. [PAR] The Channel Tunnel runs from Folkestone in the county of Kent ( Southern England) beneath the English Channel, to arrive at Coquelles near Calais in northern France. [PAR] At 31.4 miles (50.5 km) it is the second longest undersea tunnel in the world, Japan's Seikan Tunnel being the longest at 33.49 miles. [PAR] Map of Great Britain (in red) and mainland Europe. [PAR] The British Isles [PAR] The group of islands known as 'The British Isles' consist of Great Britain (the largest island in the group), Ireland, Northern Ireland, the Orkneys, the Shetland Islands, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, Isle of Scilly, the Hebrides, and the Channel Islands which lie just off the coast of France and include the islands of Jersey and Guernsey. [PAR] There are said to be over 6,000 islands in the British Isles, with Great Britain being the largest, and Bishop's Rock not only being the smallest island in the British Isles, but also the smallest island in the world! [PAR] The United Kingdom (UK) [PAR] The UK, or rather 'The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland' includes the island of Great Britain (consisting of the countries of England, Scotland, and Wales), and the North-East part of Ireland (Eire). The country of England accounts for around 84% of the population of the UK [PAR] This map shows the whole of the United Kingdom (in blue) [PAR] Key facts to remember - [PAR] ENGLAND is a country. It is on the island of GREAT BRITAIN (part of the British Isles) along with the countries of Scotland and Wales. [PAR] ENGLAND is also part of the United Kingdom (the UK) along with Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. [PAR] ENGLAND'S CLIMATE & WEATHER [PAR] The English summer consists of \"three fine days and a thunderstorm\". - Charles II [PAR] England's weather can be summed up in two words - mild & varied. One minute it can be gorgeous sunshine, the next it can be cloudy, cold and raining. Even on extremely sunny days during summer, if someone goes out they will usually 'take a coat just in case' for the weather is so unpredictable and can change at any moment. This unpredictability also makes England's weather extremely interesting and frequently talked about. [PAR] The warmest part of the country is the South, with Faversham in Kent having the highest ever recorded temperature of 38.5C (101.3F) on the 10th August 2003. [PAR] During the winter months the warmest parts of England are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ... Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 - CNN.com [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 [PAR] By Richard Allen Greene, CNN [PAR] Updated 9:49 PM ET, Mon April 8, 2013 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] The life and legacy of the 'Iron Lady' 03:40 [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] Thatcher, Britain's \"Iron Lady,\" died after suffering a stroke Monday, her spokeswoman said [PAR] She retired from public life in 2002 after a stroke [PAR] As British PM from 1975 to 1990, she played a key role in ending the Cold War [PAR] But Thatcher opposed reunification of Germany [PAR] Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a towering figure in postwar British and world politics and the only woman to become British prime minister, has died at the age of 87. [PAR] She suffered a stroke Monday, her spokeswoman said. A British government source said she died at the Ritz Hotel in London. [PAR] Thatcher's funeral will be at St. Paul's Cathedral, with full military honors, followed by a private cremation, the British prime minister's office announced. [PAR] Thatcher served from 1975 to 1990 as leader of the Conservative Party. She was called the \"Iron Lady\" for her personal and political toughness. [PAR] She retired from public life after a stroke in 2002 and suffered several strokes after that. [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Margaret Thatcher , the first woman to become British prime minister, has died at 87 after a stroke, a spokeswoman said Monday, April 8. Known as the \"Iron Lady,\" Thatcher, as Conservative Party leader, was prime minister from 1979 to 1990. Here she visits British Prime Minister David Cameron at 10 Downing Street in London in June 2010. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher with her parents and sister Muriel in 1945. Thatcher, born Margaret Hilda Roberts in 1925, studied chemistry at Oxford University and worked as a research chemist before becoming a barrister in 1954. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Conservative Party candidate Margaret Roberts, the youngest candidate for any party in the 1950 general election, works in a laboratory where she was a research chemist. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 The Conservative Party candidate for Dartford in Kent, England, meets some potential constituents in January 1950. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher chats with a police officer outside the House of Commons, where she took a seat as a member of Parliament for Finchley in October 1959. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher addresses a Conservative Party conference in October 1967. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher in 1970. Within five years, she would become leader of the Conservatives. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Prime Minister Edward Heath"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Netherland to New York [ushistory.org] New Netherland to New York [ushistory.org] [PAR] 4a. New Netherland to New York [PAR] England was not the first European power to settle the land known now as New York. That distinction belongs to the Dutch. [PAR] Governor Stuyvesant, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, told the colonists of New Netherland, \"I shall govern you as a father his children.\" [PAR] Ironically, the English explorer Henry Hudson brought the region to the attention of the Netherlands in 1609 by sailing into New York Bay and up the river that would eventually bear his name. [PAR] New Netherland became a reality fourteen years later. The Dutch West India Company hoped to reap the profits of the area's fur trade. [PAR] Wait Just a Minuit [PAR] Shortly after setting up camp, Peter Minuit made one of the greatest real estate purchases in history. He traded trinkets (small ornaments, jewelry, etc.) with local Native Americans for Manhattan Island. The town that was established there was named New Amsterdam. [PAR] The Dutch had no patience for democratic institutions. The point of the colony was to enrich its stockholders. [PAR] The most famous governor of the colony, Peter Stuyvesant, ruled New Amsterdam with an iron fist. Slavery was common during the Dutch era, as the Dutch West India Company was one of the most prominent in the world's trade of slaves. [PAR] Languages that could be heard in the streets of New Amsterdam include Dutch, French, Flemish, Swedish, Danish, Finnish, and several other European and African tongues. [PAR] Northwest of New Amsterdam, New Netherland approached feudal conditions with the awarding of large tracts of land to wealthy investors. This would create eventual instability as the gap between the landed and the landless grew more obvious. [PAR] The British Are Coming [PAR] After Charles II came to the throne, the English became very interested in the Dutch holdings. In 1664, he granted the land to his brother, the Duke of York, before officially owning it. [PAR] When a powerful English military unit appeared in New Amsterdam, Governor Stuyvesant was forced to surrender and New Netherland became New York. [PAR] Santa Claus and Easter Eggs [PAR] Cultural contributions left by the Dutch include the pastimes of bowling and skating. Christmas and Easter were transformed by the introduction of Santa Claus and Easter eggs. [PAR] Any resident or visitor to Harlem or Brooklyn should recognize the Dutch influence in the names of locales. Although majority Dutch presence was short-lived, the legacy remains. [PAR] John Anderson and Alexander Flick in A Short History of the State of New York in 1902 reckoned that if the $24 (the value of the beads in the legendary story of the purchase of Manhattan) had been put aside at 6% interest it would have grown to $122,500,000. They must have made the calculation in 1891; by 1902 it would have been worth $231,000,000. An incredible website devoted to beads awaits you!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bobby Fischer : Play Game 6 of the 1972 World Chess ... Robert (Bobby) Fischer [PAR] 1943 - [PAR] 11th World Champion, 1972 - 1975 [PAR] Robert James Fischer is considered by many to be the greatest chess player of all time. He was born in Chicago, USA in 1943 and brought up in Brooklyn where his mother moved after she was divorced in 1945. He learned to play chess at the age of 6 and soon became deeply absorbed in the game saying \"All I want to do, ever, is play chess.\" At the age of 13 he became the youngest national junior chess champion in the USA and at the age of 14 he became the youngest senior US Champion. In 1958, at the age of 15, he became the youngest Grandmaster in the history of chess. [PAR] He broke the Soviet domination of the World Championship when he became the first American to win the title by defeating Boris Spassky of the USSR in Reykjavik, Iceland in 1972. In 1975 FIDE refused to meet Fischer's conditions for a World Championship match with the Soviet Anatoly Karpov and Fischer refused to play. Consequently FIDE awarded the title of World Champion to Karpov. After this dispute Fischer vanished from public eye for twenty years and moved to Europe. [PAR] In 1996 Fischer launched a new game called \"Fischerandom Chess\" in which the major pieces on the back rank are randomly shuffled behind their pawns. Fischer maintained that this form of chess was a better test of a player's skill and got away from opening theory homework. [PAR] Robert Fischer vs. Boris Spassky [PAR] World Championship match (game 6) [PAR] Reykjavik 1972"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many provinces and territories make up Canada? How many provinces and territories make up Canada? [PAR] How many provinces and territories make up Canada? [PAR] How many provinces and territories make up Canada? [PAR] How many provinces and territories make up Canada? [PAR] Ten provinces and three territories make up Canada, which is the second-largest country by territory. The main difference between territories and provinces is that the former derive their powers and mandates from the federal government while the latter derive their authority and powers from the Constitution Act. In other words, the territories are not considered sovereign. [PAR] The three territories are Yukon , Nunavut , and Northwest Territories . The capital of the Northwest Territories is Yellowknife , and Aboriginal people make up the majority or 50.3 percent of the population. Nunavut is the newest and the largest Canadian territory, and it was separated from the Northwest Territories through two formal agreements. Nunavut is the size of Western Europe, and it is the least populous Canadian territory. Its population is around 31,900, and most residents are Inuit. Yukon is the smallest, westernmost Canadian federal territory, named after the Yukon River. [PAR] Alberta is a prairie province and the fourth largest in Canada. It has a population of 3.6 million, and its capital city is Edmonton . British Columbia is part of the Pacific Northwest, and it is the westernmost Canadian province. The capital city is Victoria , and the largest city is Vancouver . Manitoba is a prairie province with a flat topography, largely continental climate , and more than 110,000 lakes. Major industries are agriculture, tourism, energy, forestry, mining, and manufacturing. Winnipeg is the capital and the largest city of Manitoba. New Brunswick is one of the 3 maritime provinces of Canada and the only bilingual province . The largest city is Saint John, and the capital city is Fredericton . Newfoundland and Labrador incorporates mainland Labrador and the island Newfoundland. It is the easternmost Canadian province, and its largest city and capital is St. John\ufffds . The island has its dialects of Irish, French, and English. Nova Scotia is the second smallest Canadian province and one of the Maritime Provinces. The provincial capital of Nova Scotia is Halifax . [PAR] Ontario is the most populous province, which is located in the east-central part of the country. Te province is home to the national capital Ottawa and the most populous Canadian city, Toronto . Ontario is divided into Southern and Northern Ontario, and the province\ufffds arable land is found in the southern part where the majority of residents live. Prince Edward Island is the smallest province in land area and population. The capital city of this maritime province is Charlottetown . [PAR] Quebec is found in east-central Canada and is the second largest province by administrative division and the largest by area. The capital city of Quebec is Quebec City , and most residents live in urban areas between Quebec City and Montreal , near the Saint Lawrence River. The population of Quebec is predominantly French-speaking. English-speaking communities are present in Gaspe, Eastern Townships, and Outaouais, and west of the island of Montreal. Finally, Saskatchewan is a prairie province, bordered by the Northwest Territories, Alberta, Manitoba, and the U.S. states North Dakota and Montana. The provincial capital is Regina and the largest city \ufffd Saskatoon."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jordy Smith surfing - redbull.com Jordy Smith surfing [PAR] Follow Jordy Smith on Instagram [PAR] Bio [PAR] Not since Shaun Tomson (or Martin Pottz, depending on who you ask), has South Africa had such a shining and tenacious World Title hopeful to root for. Jordan Smith entered the world on February 2, 1988. Since his father Graham had the Lost Surfboards license in South Africa, little Jordy watched Cali jibbers like Joe Crimo pass through his home town and wondered as they threw down shrink-wraps: \"Why can't I do that?\" And so he did. You might say that the strong tradition of power surfing in South Australia mixed with the skate-style surfing of Cali meshed to create a beautiful monster. [PAR] A few bar-raising video parts and world tour event wins down the track, and you now have a man who's fitter and more focused than ever, poised to wrap his giant hands around the throat of the World Title cup."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Map of Israel's Bodies of Water (Bible History Online) Map of Israel's Bodies of Water (Bible History Online) [PAR] Map of Israel's Bodies of Water [PAR] ( Enlarge ) ( PDF for Print ) (Freely Distributed) [PAR] Map of the Rivers, Lakes and Seas in Ancient Israel [PAR] This map shows Palestine's bodies of water. The rivers and streams from north to south are: Leontes, Qishon, Yarmuk, Jordan, Far'a, Jabbok, Kanah, Aijalon, Qilt, Sorek, es-Sant, Zephathah, Arnon, Sayyal, and Ghazzeh. The Lakes and Seas are: Mediterranean, Lake Hula, Sea of Galilee, and the Dead Sea. [PAR] The Rivers in Israel mentioned in the Bible include: Abana, Arnon, Chebar, Cherith, River of Egypt, Euphrates, Gihon, Hiddekel, Jabbok, Jordan, Kanah, Kidron, Kishon, Pharpar, Pison, Zared. [PAR] The Lakes and Seas mentioned in the Bible include: Chinnereth (Sea of Galilee), The Great Sea (Mediterranean), Waters of Merom, Salt Sea (Dead Sea) [PAR] Dimensions and Distances: Sea of Galilee is 7 miles wide x 14 miles long. Dead Sea is 9.5 miles wide x 48 miles long, the distance from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea is 65 miles. [PAR] Ps 95:5 - \"The sea is his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry land.\" [PAR] The Bible Mentions the \"lake\" [PAR] Luke 8:23 - But as they sailed he fell asleep: and there came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled [with water], and were in jeopardy. [PAR] Luke 8:33 - Then went the devils out of the man, and entered into the swine: and the herd ran violently down a steep place into the lake, and were choked. [PAR] Luke 5:1 - And it came to pass, that, as the people pressed upon him to hear the word of God, he stood by the lake of Gennesaret, [PAR] Revelation 20:15 - And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire. [PAR] Luke 5:2 - And saw two ships standing by the lake: but the fishermen were gone out of them, and were washing [their] nets. [PAR] Luke 8:22 - Now it came to pass on a certain day, that he went into a ship with his disciples: and he said unto them, Let us go over unto the other side of the lake. And they launched forth. [PAR] The Bible Mentions the \"Seas\" [PAR] Nehemiah 9:6 - Thou, [even] thou, [art] LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all [things] that [are] therein, the seas, and all that [is] therein, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee. [PAR] Ezekiel 28:2 - Son of man, say unto the prince of Tyrus, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thine heart [is] lifted up, and thou hast said, I [am] a God, I sit [in] the seat of God, in the midst of the seas; yet thou [art] a man, and not God, though thou set thine heart as the heart of God: [PAR] Isaiah 17:12 - Woe to the multitude of many people, [which] make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, [that] make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters! [PAR] Ezekiel 27:27 - Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that [are] in thee, and in all thy company which [is] in the midst of thee, shall fall into"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corpse Bride (2005) - IMDb Corpse Bride (2005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When a shy groom practices his wedding vows in the inadvertent presence of a deceased young woman, she rises from the grave assuming he has married her. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 15 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 18 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Corpse Bride \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 9 wins & 26 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Jack Skellington, king of Halloween Town, discovers Christmas Town, but his attempts to bring Christmas to his home cause confusion. [PAR] Director: Henry Selick [PAR] An adventurous girl finds another world that is a strangely idealized version of her frustrating home, but it has sinister secrets. [PAR] Director: Henry Selick [PAR] Young Victor conducts a science experiment to bring his beloved dog Sparky back to life, only to face unintended, sometimes monstrous, consequences. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Nineteen-year-old Alice returns to the magical world from her childhood adventure, where she reunites with her old friends and learns of her true destiny: to end the Red Queen's reign of terror. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] To save her father from death in the army, a young maiden secretly goes in his place and becomes one of China's greatest heroines in the process. [PAR] Directors: Tony Bancroft, Barry Cook [PAR] Stars: Ming-Na Wen, Eddie Murphy, BD Wong [PAR] A mermaid princess makes a Faustian bargain with an unscrupulous sea-witch in order to meet a human prince on land. [PAR] Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker [PAR] Stars: Jodi Benson, Rene Auberjonois, Christopher Daniel Barnes [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] A rat who can cook makes an unusual alliance with a young kitchen worker at a famous restaurant. [PAR] Directors: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava [PAR] Stars: Brad Garrett, Lou Romano, Patton Oswalt [PAR] After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. [PAR] Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker [PAR] Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin [PAR] The magically long-haired Rapunzel has spent her entire life in a tower, but now that a runaway thief has stumbled upon her, she is about to discover the world for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Mitchell wrote the novel in 1936 - American Masters Margaret Mitchell: American Rebel | Interview with Margaret Mitchell from 1936 | American Masters | PBS [PAR] Margaret Mitchell: American Rebel [PAR] Interview with Margaret Mitchell from 1936 [PAR] March 12, 2012 [PAR] Comments [PAR] Margaret Mitchell [PAR] The following interview with Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone With the Wind was conducted by Mrs. Medora Perkerson, of The Atlanta Journal Sunday Magazine, broadcast over radio station WSB, Atlanta, Georgia., July 3, 1936, on The Atlanta Journal. This is the first time this interview has been published in a digital format. [PAR] MRS. PERKERSON: Peggy, I have read your book Gone With the Wind with a great deal of pleasure, but I know that many of our listeners are not familiar with it. So can you tell us, briefly, just what the book is about? [PAR] MISS MITCHELL: I am glad to tell you, Medora. My novel is the story of a girl named Scarlett O\u2019Hara, who lived in Atlanta during the Civil War and the days of Reconstruction. The book isn\u2019t strictly a book about the war, nor is it a historical novel. It\u2019s about the effect of the Civil War on a set of characters who lived in Atlanta at that time. [PAR] MRS. PERKERSON: Many critics are saying that your book sums up the whole story of the South and what the war and Reconstruction did to the South and to Southern people. The title of your book, Gone With the Wind means that the ante-bellum civilization was swept away by the tornado of war, doesn\u2019t it? [PAR] MISS MITCHELL: Yes, Medora, that is the meaning of the title, naturally I would be glad if people thought that the book did tell the story of the whole South. But that isn\u2019t the kind of book I tried to write. It is a book about Georgia and Georgia people, \u2014 especially North Georgia people. There are incidents in the book which take place in Savannah, Charleston, Macon and New Orleans, but nearly all of the action takes place in Atlanta and at Tara, the plantation home of Scarlett O\u2019Hara, the heroine. Tara was in Clayton County, near Jonesboro, Ga. The story begins on the plantation in the period when the old style Southern life was at its height. Then the war comes, and Scarlett O\u2019Hara goes to Atlanta to live. Thereafter, she experiences what Atlanta experienced during the war years \u2014 the thrills and excitement of the boom town that Atlanta became when the war changed it from an obscure small town into one of the most important cities in the South, then the increasing hardships as the Confederate cause waned, then the alarm of Atlanta people as they saw General Sherman\u2019s army advancing steadily on the town, and \u2018finally the terrifying days of the siege, the capture of Atlanta by Sherman and the burning of the town. Scarlett O\u2019Hara goes through all those experiences and, after the war is over, she comes back to Atlanta and does her part in the rebuilding of the city. She lives through the terrible days of Reconstruction and the story carries her, and Atlanta, up to the time when the Carpetbaggers had been run out of Georgia and people could bean living their normal lives again. [PAR] MRS. PERKERSON: Peggy, how did you happen to know so much about the wartime activities of Atlanta? [PAR] MISS MITCHELL: My brother, Stephens Mitchell, had written an excellent Article in the Atlanta Historical Bulletin on the war-time industries of Atlanta. I used much"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] To Kill a Mockingbird debuts - Dec 25, 1962 - HISTORY.com To Kill a Mockingbird debuts - Dec 25, 1962 - HISTORY.com [PAR] To Kill a Mockingbird debuts [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To Kill a Mockingbird debuts [PAR] Author [PAR] To Kill a Mockingbird debuts [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1962, To Kill a Mockingbird, a film based on the 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by Harper Lee, opens in theaters. The Great Depression-era story of racial injustice and the loss of childhood innocence is told from the perspective of a young Alabama girl named Scout Finch, played in the film by Mary Badham, who lives with her older brother Jem (Phillip Alford) and their widowed attorney father Atticus (Peck). While Scout, Jem and their friend Dill (John Megna) become fascinated by the mysterious shut-in Boo Radley (Robert Duvall), Atticus goes to court to defend a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman. Directed by Robert Mulligan (Love with the Proper Stranger, Inside Daisy Clover, Summer of \u201842, The Man in the Moon), To Kill a Mockingbird was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and won three Oscars, including Best Actor (Peck). The American Film Institute has rated Atticus Finch as the greatest movie hero of the 20th century, and in 1995 the United States National Film Registry picked To Kill a Mockingbird for preservation in the Library of Congress as a \u201cculturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\u201d film. [PAR] Peck, born on April 5, 1916, in La Jolla, California, graduated from the University of California at Berkeley, where he became involved in theater. He debuted on Broadway in the early 1940s and made his big-screen debut in 1944\u2019s Days of Glory. He went on to earn Academy Award nominations for 1946\u2019s The Keys of the Kingdom, 1947\u2019s The Yearling, 1948\u2019s The Gentleman\u2019s Agreement and 1950\u2019s Twelve O\u2019Clock High. The handsome, dark-haired actor also starred in such movies as Spellbound (1945), The Gunfighter (1950), Roman Holiday (1953)\u2013which marked Audrey Hepburn\u2019s silver screen debut, as well as her first Best Actress Oscar win\u2013Moby Dick (1956), in which Peck played Captain Ahab, and The Guns of Navarone (1961). Among Peck\u2019s other movie credits are The Omen (1976), The Boys from Brazil (1978) and Other People\u2019s Money (1991). He also made an appearance in director Martin Scorsese\u2019s 1991 remake of Cape Fear, starring Robert DeNiro, Nick Nolte and Jessica Lange. (Peck had starred in the original 1962 film.) He died at the age of 87 on June 12, 2003. [PAR] To Kill a Mockingbird was the only book that Harper Lee ever published. The author, who was born on April 28, 1926, and raised in Monroeville, Alabama, was a friend from childhood of the writer Truman Capote (Breakfast at Tiffany\u2019s, In Cold Blood). In the 2005 biopic Capote, starring Philip Seymour Hoffman, the actress Catherine Keener played Lee, while Sandra Bullock took on the role in 2006\u2019s Infamous. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Laguna de Bay | lake, Philippines | Britannica.com Laguna de Bay | lake, Philippines | Britannica.com [PAR] Laguna de Bay [PAR] Lake Baikal [PAR] Laguna de Bay, lake , the largest inland body of water in the Philippines , on Luzon just southeast of Manila . Probably a former arm or extension of Manila Bay cut off by volcanism, Laguna de Bay (Spanish: \u201cLake of the Bay\u201d) has a normal area of about 356 square miles (922 square km) and is about 32 miles (51 km) long. Its shallow, crescent-shaped basin is poorly drained by many small streams, and the surrounding low-lying plains are inundated during seasons of heavy rainfall. The Pasig River is the lake\u2019s outlet to Manila Bay, 10 miles (16 km) northwest. An important fishing area, with productive wet margins (rice), Laguna de Bay is broken by two peninsulas in the north and dotted by islands; densely settled Talim (9 miles [14 km] long) is the largest. Santa Cruz , Bi\u00f1an, and Calamba are towns on the lake\u2019s southern shore. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Article Title: Laguna de Bay [PAR] Website Name: Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica [PAR] Date Published: July 20, 1998 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Laguna-de-Bay [PAR] Access Date: January 19, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colette Is Dead in Paris at 81; Novelist Wrote 'Gigi' and ... Colette Is Dead in Paris at 81; Novelist Wrote 'Gigi' and 'Cheri' [PAR] Colette Is Dead in Paris at 81; Novelist Wrote 'Gigi' and 'Cheri' [PAR] By THE NEW YORK TIMES [PAR] ARIS, Aug. 3- Sidonie Gabrielle Colette, one of the most famous of modern French writers, died tonight at the age of 81 in her Paris apartment at the Palais Royal. [PAR] Admirers Not Limited [PAR] Sidonie Gabrielle Claudine Colette Gauthier-Villars de Jouvanel Goudeket is a name that would not attract attention except for its length, but the simple name, Colette, was one of the most famous in France. [PAR] Her stature was recognized when she was elected the first woman president of the distinguished Goncourt Academy. But her fifty-odd novels and scores of short stories were as popular with housewives, shop girls and laborers as they were with intellectuals. [PAR] But her writing was not intellectual. Her forte was in the delineation of women's problems of love and she lived as passionately as she wrote. Sex was never forced to take a back seat in her writings, which were further embellished by a piquant style and sparkling dialogue. [PAR] Speaking of the frankness with which she wrote of love, licit and illicit, one critic observed that an Englishman might feel she had lowered love to the level of sensuality, whereas a true Frenchman would feel she had elevated sensuality to the level of love. [PAR] France's leading woman writer was born on Jan. 28, 1873, in the village of Saint-Sauver-en-Puisaye in Burgundy. Her father, a retired Army officer, was a frustrated politician. When his daughter was 6 years old, he permitted her to try to match him, wine glass for wine glass, as he stumped local cafes for votes. [PAR] Learned From Mother [PAR] Colette's mother, Sidonie, had the greater influence on the girl and taught her the importance of being a woman. Sidonie was the type who shocked the neighbors by refusing to wear mourning clothes when her husband died and who read Corneille at mass. [PAR] Colette's village life ended at the age of 20, when the music critic, Henri Gauthier-Villars, swept her off her feet and took her to Paris as his wife. He was a popular writer of potboilers under the name of Willy, and was known to all of Paris as a man of the world. [PAR] One day, interested in stories of her school life, he encouraged her to write them down. He liked what he read and, making a few changes, sent them off to an editor- under his own name. Thus were born the Claudine novels, which made Willy wealthy and famous. [PAR] She never liked writing, so M. Willy locked her in a room until she turned out something. After thirteen years of such apprenticeship, Colette became disillusioned and divorced him. [PAR] Critics agree that M. Willy, although he tried to take full credit for her early books, was a splendid editor and taught her much about writing. She continued writing books, under her own name now, but she had no immediate success and had to find other ways of making a living. [PAR] Becoming a music hall dancer, she found at the time new material for books. Meanwhile, she was a drama critic, political writer, fashion critic and author of a column on cooking. She also was married to Henri de Jouvenel, a news editor. [PAR] In 1910 she wrote \"Renee,\" the story of a divorcee turned actress, the first of her other books"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE | Superfund Site Profile ... EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE | Superfund Site Profile | Superfund Site Information | US EPA [PAR] Where is this site? [PAR] Superfund Site Profile [PAR] Edwards Air Force Base, which is used for aircraft research and development, covers about 301,000 acres in Kern County, California. Spills and poor disposal practices have resulted in the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), metals and other chemicals to the ground. Following immediate actions to protect human health and the environment, site investigations and long-term cleanup planning are ongoing. [PAR] TOPICS IN FOCUS [PAR] EPA is in the process of updating this site profile page with additional current information. Until this update is complete, please click here for additional information about this site and to view site documents. Thank you for your patience."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Sports Talk | The best sporting nicknames? BBC SPORT | Sports Talk | The best sporting nicknames? [PAR] Monday, 6 January, 2003, 12:32 GMT [PAR] The best sporting nicknames? [PAR] The World Darts Championships showcased not only the world's finest darts athletes, but also some of sport's greatest nicknames. [PAR] But who has the greatest moniker of all? [PAR] John \"Darth Maple\" Part may have been the top darts player of the week, but the names of some of his rivals will live even longer in the memory. [PAR] If prizes were given out for nicknames alone, surely the likes of Steve 'The Bronze Adonis' Beaton and Les 'McDanger' Wallace would be challenging for honours. [PAR] Feature: All in the name of darts [PAR] A stonking nickname can often hide a lack of sporting ability (think Eric 'The Eel' and Eddie 'The Eagle'), making it a crucial asset for pub darts players everywhere. [PAR] It begs the suggestion that every sportsperson should have a moniker; what about Niall 'Mother Teresa' Quinn or Alan 'Interesting' Shearer? [PAR] Tell us about the best pub darts nicknames you've heard, and send us your moniker suggestions for other sportspeople. [PAR] This debate is now closed. A selection of your e-mails appear below. [PAR] Thought I heard Tony Green comment upon the likeness between Embassy rookie Robert Wagner and Rambo. If we extended this to another Stallone tough-guy, could we possibly have, wait for it, \"The Rocky of the Oche\"? [PAR] Alastair Duncan, UK [PAR] Has to be the nickname of the retired Wallabies captain, John Eales. NIcknamed \"Nobody\" - because Nobody's perfect! [PAR] Cormac Thompson, England [PAR] When Neil Pointon was at Everton he was known as 'Dissa Pointon', somewhat harshly! [PAR] Steve P, UK [PAR] Appollo Creed was also known as 'The Dancing Destroyer'. [PAR] Papa Lazarou, UK [PAR] A fave of mine that has applied to many a striker over the years is the Jigsaw - always goes to pieces in the box. [PAR] GB, Eng (Scot in exile) [PAR] I've heard Paul 'Bagpuss' Durkin [PAR] Tom D, UK [PAR] Cricket nicknames spring to mind. Firstly Mark Waugh who was not considered for the Australian team until three years after his brother Steve. He was called Afghanistan (the forgotten Waugh)! [PAR] David Pearce, England [PAR] While travelling it is easy to see a theme appearing here in NZ as regards their national teams: All Blacks (rugby), All Whites (football), Small Blacks (youth), Crawl Blacks (swimming), Black Caps (cricket), and my personal favourite...the Tall Blacks (basketball). [PAR] Malcolm Webbon, New Zealand (Originally UK) [PAR] Robbo once pointed out the stupidity of snooker player Anthony Hamiton's nickname. He is the Robin Hood of Snooker; why? Because he is from Nottingham. Great. [PAR] Scott, England [PAR] Don't forget the officials here...referee Collina is also known as Uncle Fester, and I've also heard Paul 'Bagpuss' Durkin. [PAR] Tom D, UK [PAR] Try these: Phil 'The Cat' Tufnell - when he's not playing he's always asleep in the locker room. Martin 'Chariots' Offiah the rugby league player. Harbinger Singh - the 'Turbanator'. [PAR] The most boring snooker match ever - Eddie 'the Snail' Charlton v Cliff 'the Grinder' Thorburn. Cliff's comments after losing in the early hours - \"he just ground me down\"! [PAR] Phil L., England [PAR] In an interview Kieron Dyer was asked if he had a nickname at Newcastle. He sheepishly looked at the floor and said \"Pinhead. The boys call me pinhead. Alan started it.\" So funny. He was obviously hurting inside. [PAR] Neil, UK [PAR] Ben \"The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Humerus Bone Anatomy, Diagram & Diagram | Body Maps Humerus Bone Anatomy, Diagram & Diagram | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Humerus [PAR] The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm. It is located between the elbow joint and the shoulder. At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as the forearm's radial bone connects to the wrist. At the shoulder, the humerus connects to the frame of the body via the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The humerus is the foundation to which many muscles insert, such as the deltoid, the pectoralis major, and others. The brachial artery travels most of the bone's length, before it subdivides into the ulnar and radial arteries at the elbow. In the upper arm, the brachial artery branches into several arteries, distributing oxygenated blood from the lungs and heart. The radial nerve runs a similar course over the bone and into the forearm. Because it connects at the shoulder with a rotational joint, the humerus is instrumental in supporting many of the arm's functions. For example, the humerus supports all lifting and physical activities. The humerus is one of the longest bones in the body. This means it is also one of the most commonly broken or fractured.[DOC] [TLE] BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - BBC - Home BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Skeleton Layer [PAR] Shoulder socket: Is made by your collarbone and shoulder blade [PAR] Ulna: You often rest your ulna on the table [PAR] Shoulder [PAR] Your shoulder is made up of a collarbone (clavicle) and a shoulder blade (scapula). These bones project out from your body forming a scaffold for your arm to hang from. [PAR] Your collarbone is a thin bone that bridges the top of your sternum, in the front of your ribcage, to your shoulder socket at the end of your shoulder blade. It is the only bone in your shoulder that connects directly to your ribcage. Your collarbone supports the weight of your entire arm. When someone has a broken shoulder, they usually hae damaged their collarbone. If the bone has snapped completely, the whole shoulder sags. [PAR] Your shoulder blade is a large flat bone. It's not connected to your ribcage, but is held in place by your shoulder muscles. [PAR] The ends of your collarbone and shoulder blade meet, forming a shoulder socket that your arm fits into. This 'ball and socket' joint is loosely held in place by ligaments. This makes your shoulder joint incredibly flexible, but means it can be dislocated more easily than other joints in your body. [PAR] Arm [PAR] Your arm is made up of three long bones: your humerus in your upper arm and your ulna and radius in your lower arm. Your upper and lower arms are connected at your elbow by a hinge joint between your humerus and ulna. Your radius and ulna are linked at your elbow in a way that allows you to rotate your hand and forearm by more than 180 degrees. Your ulna bone forms the point of your elbow. [PAR] Your shoulder and arm bones have roughened patches on their surfaces where muscles are attached. When the muscles contract, this pulls the bone the muscles are attached to, making your arm move."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BOOKS OF THE TIMES - NYTimes.com BOOKS OF THE TIMES - NYTimes.com [PAR] BOOKS OF THE TIMES [PAR] THE FOURTH PROTOCOL. By Frederick Forsyth. 389 pages. Viking Press. $17.95. [PAR] FIRST AMONG EQUALS. By Jeffrey Archer. 415 pages. Linden Press/ [PAR] Simon & Schuster. $16.95. [PAR] ''THEY would not really try it, would they?'' thinks a senior British Intelligence officer. ''Not breach the Fourth Protocol? Or would they? Desperate men sometimes take desperate measures.'' Well, of course they'd try - this is a Frederick Forsyth novel, after all. And besides, who cares about probability, anyway? [PAR] In ''The Day of the Jackal,'' Mr. Forsyth wrote about a plot to assassinate Charles de Gaulle - even though de Gaulle had died peacefully a year before the book was published. And in ''The Odessa File,'' he wrote about a Nazi plan to liquidate Israel by using rockets filled with bubonic plague. [PAR] What, though, is the ''Fourth Protocol,'' and why do the Russians want to breach it? To begin with, the year is 1987, and technology has progressed to the point at which it's possible to build a tiny atomic bomb - ''small enough to go in a suitcase and simple enough to be assembled from a dozen prefabricated, milled and threaded components, like a child's construction kit.'' Apparently these things are just as bad as big atomic bombs, and in a way more dangerous, because you can destroy your enemy by planting one of them in a locker or an abandoned house - no need to use missiles that might trigger radar or a counterstrike. [PAR] Mr. Forsyth's Russians, however, don't simply want to bomb Britain. They are far more subtle than that: their plan is to set off a small nuclear explosion that will give credibility to the British antinuclear movement; that, in turn, will bring the Labor Party to power; that, in turn, will enable hard-core leftists to seize power; that, in turn, will make Britain a Marxist state. [PAR] Sound complicated? Most of ''The Fourth Protocol'' is pure unadulterated plot - unsullied by well-developed characters, moral insights or interesting prose. When the main story bogs down, Mr. Forsyth simply throws in a subplot about office politics inside British Intelligence, or summons an allusion to a real-life event such as the Falkland crisis, or a previous spy scandal. He even gives the traitor Kim Philby a supporting role in the novel - though his role, like that of many others, ends up being little more than a red herring. [PAR] The problem with ''The Fourth Protocol'' is not that its premise seems silly: Mr. Forsyth has such a knack for describing technical matters like cracking safes and building bombs, and such a deft ability to juggle the sort of little details spies specialize in, that his novel has a strong documentary sense. The problem with ''The Fourth Protocol'' is that - unlike some of the author's earlier books - it becomes predictable, and so lacking in suspense. Halfway through, the reader knows exactly where it's headed. In the end, in fact, the novel resembles one of Mr. Forsyth's little atomic bombs - a kit ''assembled from a dozen prefabricated, milled and threaded components.'' [PAR] Britain in the near future is also the backdrop for Jeffrey Archer's latest novel, ''First Among Equals.'' As in ''The Fourth Protocol,'' there are ample references to real events and real people - among them, Margaret Thatcher, Harold Wilson and even Prince Charles (who, in the course of the novel, becomes King Charles) - and as in ''The Fourth Protocol,'' there are few"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rare & Extinct Creatures: Quagga - MESSYBEAST Rare & Extinct Creatures: Quagga [PAR] THE QUAGGA [PAR] The Quagga was a close relative of horses and zebras. It was a yellowish-brown zebra with stripes only on its head, neck and shoulders and with pale legs. The quagga was native to desert areas of the African continent until it was exterminated in the wild in the 1870s. The last captive quaggas died in Europe in the 1880's. Zoos sent the request \"send more quaggas\", but there were no more quaggas left alive. It had been ruthlessly hunted for meat and leather by South African farmers and settlers. When first discovered, the Quagga was simply regarded as one zebra among many and was originally considered to be the female of the Burchell Zebra as the ranges of the species overlapped and there may have been interbreeding. The Hottentots used the same name for both animals. Because the term \"quagga\" was used indiscriminately to mean any zebra (although \"Bontequagga\" was sometimes used for the Plains zebra), the true quagga was hunted to extinction without this being realised until too late. [PAR] [PAR] The Quagga was basically a brown zebra with white legs and tail. It had no distinct markings on its hind quarters and only vague mottled markings on its back. In conformation it was more horse-like than any of the other zebras which, except for the Burchells, are generally large-headed and donkey-like. Its mane was distinctive, being described by an early observer as \"curious, appearing as if trimmed by art\". In the wild, quaggas grazed in mixed herds with wildebeest or hartebeest and ostriches. [PAR] The colonizing Boers found it the most obvious source of food for their native servants and a source of hides for domestic use and export. Quaggas hides were sturdy and lightweight and many were still in everyday use long after the animal itself was extinct. Quagga were plentiful in the 1840s, but the eradication of the quagga only took around 30 years. [PAR] From Rev JG Wood\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIllustrated Natural History\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (1853, 1874): The QUAGGA looks at first sight like a cross between the common wild ass and the zebra, as it only partially possesses the characteristic zebra-stripes, and is decorated merely upon the hind and fore-parts of the body. The streaks are not so deep as they are in the zebra, and the remainder of the body is brown, with the exception of the abdomen, legs, and part of the tail, which are whitish-grey. The Quagga lives in large herds, and is much persecuted by the natives of Southern Africa, who pursue it for the sake of its skin and its flesh, both of which are in high estimation. [PAR] The quagga is considered to be a southern subspecies of the plain zebra found in the drier parts of South Africa, on grassy plains. Its northern limit was the Orange River in the west and the Vaal River in the east; its south-eastern border appears to have been the Great Kei River. The last free quaggas were probably those caught in 1870 although a small population may have survived south of the Vaal river until the severe drought of 1878. The last captive quagga was a mare; she died on 12 August 1883 in Amsterdam Zoo, having been exhibited there since 9 May 1867. It was not realised that this quagga mare was the very last of her kind. It could, even then, have been saved by breeding it to the white-legged, white-tailed Burchell's zebra, itself destined for extinction a few decades later. [PAR] The quagga's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myth of Arachne, the spider woman - Greeka.com Myth of Arachne, the spider woman - Greeka.com [PAR] Discover the myth of Arachne, the spider woman [PAR] The offence to the gods [PAR] Arachne in Greek mythology, was a Lydian woman, thought by some to be a princess, who was highly gifted in the art of weaving. Born to Idmon, a famous dyer in Lydia, Arachne was no ordinary weaver and the very act of her weaving was sheer magic and a sight to behold. [PAR] Soon news of Arachne's artistry spread far and wide and it is said that nymphs from the forests left their frolicking and gathered around Arachne to watch her weave. So moved were they by her skills that they remarked that she surely must have been trained by none other than Goddess Athena, the goddess of weaving. [PAR] The weaving contest [PAR] All this adulation was more than Arachne could handle and being an ordinary mortal who was quite vulnerable to human failings, she became quite arrogant about her superior skills. She was annoyed at being regarded as a pupil of Athena and began bragging about her skills, proclaiming herself to be far more superior to even Athena. [PAR] Now, when the goddess of weaving heard of Arachne's bold claims, she was upset, but nonetheless decided to give the young woman a chance to regret her folly. Disguised as an old woman, Athena appeared before Arachne and warned her of the consequences of provoking the wrath of the gods, but Arachne was not a bit remorseful and challenged Athena to a contest, declaring that if she lost, she would accept any punishment that Athena would decide for her. [PAR] That time Athena revealed her true form and accepted the challenge. The stage was set for a battle in which a god and a mortal pitted their artistic skills to decide who the better artist was. The nymphs who had come to watch Arachne weave shrank back, horrified at Arachne's audacity, but Arachne was unshakable and stood her ground. And so the contest began, Athena at her loom and Arachne at hers, each working with threads of gold and a splendid array of colors to decide who would outdo the other in this ultimate trial. [PAR] What unfolded next was a feast for the eye. Athena created a tapestry replete with scenes from the history of the gods. She portrayed Zeus at the center of the Olympic pantheon as well as her own contest with Poseidon and her victory, which ultimately made the people of Athens name their city after her. At the corner of her tapestry, she artfully depicted humans who had dared to defy the gods and who had been punished without a trace of mercy. [PAR] As for Arachne, she deliberately chose scenes that depicted the infidelities and amours of the gods. She vividly portrayed Zeus and his string of indiscretions. She showed how Zeus had turned into a swan to rape the Spartan queen Leda; a bull to entice Europa; an eagle to abduct Aegina; as a shower of gold to seduce Danae; and as a satyr to seduce Antiope. Arachne's work of art, according to the Latin narrative, featured twenty-one scenes of the various misdemeanors of the mighty gods, including Poseidon, Apollo, Dionysus and others. [PAR] The transformation into a spider [PAR] Although Arachne had shown little respect for the gods by choosing a subject that made a mockery of the supreme deities of the Olympus, even Athena had to admit that her work was brilliant and flawless. That, however,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aladar - Disney Wiki - Wikia Aladar | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Aladar is an Iguanodon , and the protagonist of Disney 's 2000 CG film, Dinosaur . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Personality [PAR] Aladar is compassionate and merciful. He is against Kron 's ways of \"only the strongest survive.\" Therefore, he does everything he can to help weaker dinosaurs such as Eema and Baylene . He loves his lemur family, referring to Yar as his grandfather, despite their species differences. He also acts like a big brother to Suri and Zini . Aladar falls in love with Neera , Kron's younger sister, who is considerably more compassionate than her brother. Despite his dislike of Kron, Aladar displayed sorrow when Kron was killed by a Carnotaur . [PAR] Aladar also seems to be a natural leader, which fueled his rivalry with Kron who feared he was trying to take his place as leader of the herd. When the herd was attacked by a Carnotaur, Aladar encouraged them to \"stand together.\" [PAR] Aladar can also fight when the situation demands it, being able to hold his own against the larger and more powerful Kron by using his superior speed. He is also strong enough to push a Carnotaur over the edge of a cliff. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Dinosaur [PAR] In Dinosaur, Aladar is first shown as an egg. A few moments later, a Carnotaur attacks the herd and Aladar's egg is abandoned. Just then, an Oviraptor steals the egg and hurries off into the jungle. It attempts to eat the egg, but then another Oviraptor swipes it, and the two brawl over the egg. As they brawl, they drop Aladar's egg into a river. As it is swept away by the current, it was swallowed, then spat out, by a Koolasuchus; floated up between a pair of quarreling Talarurus ; moved towards the river's center by a herd of drinking Pachyrhinosaurus ; and finally picked up by a Pteranodon that carries it far away to an island . Two Ichthyornis pester the Pteranodon and it drops the egg. The lemur inhabitants find the egg and it soon hatches. The lemurs name the baby Aladar and he grows up. [PAR] One evening, just after the lemur's mating ritual, Aladar and the lemurs notice comets falling from the sky when suddenly, a large asteroid crashes down. Aladar and four other lemurs ( Yar , Plio , Zini , and Suri ) escape the debris. Aladar utters a mournful roar for all the deceased lemurs. They soon wander through a barren wasteland when they are distracted by a passing Velociraptor . As they inspect it, other Raptors appear and start to chase them, but they manage to escape. Soon after, they encounter a herd of various dinosaurs ( Iguanodons , Parasaurolophus , Styracosaurus , Pachyrhinosaurus , Microceratus , Ornithomimus , and Stygimolochs ) led by Kron and his assistant Bruton . Aladar also encounters Neera , his love interest and Kron's sister, and three other dinosaurs at the back of the herd named Eema ( Styracosaurus ), Baylene ( Brachiosaurus ), and Url ( Ankylosaurus ). [PAR] Later in the film, the herd migrates to a far-off lake but when they get there, the lake is dried up. Kron musters the herd while Eema wanders to the barren lake and collapses. As Aladar comes to help, he hears rumbling under Baylene's footsteps. He and Zini dig a hole and ask Baylene to press hard on it, and sure enough, water comes out. Although Aladar stated"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Archbishop of Canterbury - meherbabatravels jimdo page! Archbishop of Canterbury - meherbabatravels jimdo page! [PAR] Archbishop of Canterbury [PAR] Archbishop of Canterbury ( mid 1930s ) [PAR] [PAR] Born : 31st October, 1864 - Fyvie manse, Aberdeenshire, Scotland [PAR] Died : 5th December, 1945 - near Kew Gardens, London, England [PAR] Buried : Canterbury Cathedral [PAR] Nationality : English [PAR] English religious leader [PAR] DURING 1936, the King of England, Edward VIII , had abdicated the throne to marry Wallis Warfield Simpson, an American suing her husband for divorce. His younger brother, George VI , was being crowned king in Westminster Abbey on Wednesday, May 12th, 1937, and the Westerners listened to the coronation ceremony on B.B.C. radio. Baba also listened for some time and remarked, \"It's all illusion \u2013 bound by time and space.\" However, at the same time he expressed that he appreciated the king giving up his crown for the sake of love. [PAR] They asked if Edward was listening to the broadcast of the coronation and Baba said, \"Yes, but he does not feel regret about it.\"\ufeff [PAR] During the Archbishop of Canterbury's address, Baba commented, \"Those in the church all speak of Christ our Lord, but do not follow him.\" [PAR] After the ceremony he explained to the group, \"Edward is free now to follow love and to draw toward me. To follow divine love, impersonal or personal, is to come to me.\" [PAR] Remarking on the new King George and his wife, Queen Elizabeth, Baba stated, \"At least it is some solace to the people that they both have good hearts.\" [PAR] [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Cosmo Gordon Lang, Baron Lang of Lambeth [PAR] Archbishop of Canterbury [PAR] Buried [PAR] Chapel of St Stephen Martyr, Canterbury Cathedral [PAR] William Cosmo Gordon Lang, 1st Baron Lang of Lambeth GCVO , PC (31 October 1864 \u2013 5 December 1945) was an Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York (1908\u20131928) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1928\u20131942). His rapid elevation to Archbishop of York, within 18 years of his ordination , is unprecedented in modern Church of England history. As Archbishop of Canterbury during the abdication crisis of 1936 he took a strong moral stance and comments he made in a subsequent broadcast were widely condemned as uncharitable towards the departed king. [PAR] The son of a Scots Presbyterian minister, Lang abandoned the prospect of a legal and political career to train for the Anglican priesthood . Beginning in 1890, his early ministry was served in slum parishes in Leeds and Portsmouth , except for brief service as an Oxford college chaplain. In 1901 he was appointed suffragan Bishop of Stepney in London, where he continued his work among the poor. He also served as a canon of St Paul's Cathedral , London. [PAR] In 1908 Lang was nominated Archbishop of York, despite his relatively junior status as a suffragan rather than a diocesan bishop. His religious stance was broadly Anglo-Catholic , tempered by the liberal Anglo-Catholicism advocated in the Lux Mundi essays. He entered the House of Lords as a Lord Spiritual and caused consternation in traditionalist circles by speaking and voting against the Lords' proposal to reject David Lloyd George 's 1909 \" People's Budget \". This apparent radicalism was not, however, maintained in later years. At the start of the First World War , Lang was heavily criticised for a speech in which he spoke sympathetically of the German Emperor . This troubled him greatly and may have contributed to the rapid ageing which affected his appearance during the war"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] October 8, 1871: The Night America Burned - Io9 October 8, 1871: The Night America Burned [PAR] October 8, 1871: The Night America Burned [PAR] Go to permalink [PAR] The Great Chicago Fire is the most famous inferno in American history. But it wasn't even the worst fire that night. This is the story of America's most fiery night, and the crackpot theory about a lost comet that's meant to explain what really happened. [PAR] The Reasonably Great Chicago Fire [PAR] Citywide fires are now largely a relic of an earlier time, a product of slipshod urban firing and too many flammable building materials. A few of these fires have gained lasting infamy - there's the Great Fire of Rome in 64 CE, in which Emperor Nero supposedly got in some fiddle practice, and the Great Fire of London in 1666, which everyone knows was started when the Doctor fought a rogue Terileptil . But the Great Chicago Fire probably has the greatest grip on the popular imagination, in part because it's one of the most recent and in part because of all the ridiculous (and flagrantly anti-Irish) myths that have popped up around it. [PAR] The legend \u2014 or perhaps more accurately, the lie, since Chicago Republican reporter Michael Ahern admitted in 1893 that he had made the whole thing up \u2014 was that a cow kicked over a lantern while a woman was milking it in a barn at 137 DeKoven Street. While the barn was indeed the first building consumed by the blaze, the whole thing about the cow was a fabrication, and soon the story got attached to the barn's owners, Irish immigrants Patrick and Catherine O'Leary. In particular, Mrs. O'Leary became a popular scapegoat as the real cause of the blaze, as it was alleged she had actually been with the cow when the first started, and probably drunk to boot. A popular song captured the general sentiment about Mrs. O'Leary's culpability: [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Late one night, when we were all in bed, [PAR] Old Mother Leary left a lantern in the shed, [PAR] And when the cow kicked it over, she winked her eye and said, [PAR] \"There'll be a HOT time on the old town tonight.\" [PAR] FIRE, FIRE, FIRE! [PAR] The first official report investigating the cause of the fire was more sober, concluding that it wasn't possibly to say whether the cause was human \u2014 or bovine, I suppose \u2014 agency or some natural cause, possibly a spark blown down from the chimney. Whatever the initial cause, the fire raged from October 8 to the morning of October 10, killing about 300 and destroying over three square miles worth of property, totaling 17,500 buildings and $400 million in damages. [PAR] While a great human tragedy, the fire (much like the one that consumed London in 1666) had some distinct benefits, as it directly led to a rebuilding effort that helped transform Chicago from a relative backwater to one of the country's great economic powers. It also remains the only thing I really remember about Illinois history from my days in the state's public school system. (Well, that and Casimir Pulaski , but that goes without saying.) And yet, for all its infamy and historical import, the Great Chicago Fire still wasn't the worst fire on the night of October 8. It wasn't even the worst in a 300-mile radius. [PAR] The Peshtigo Inferno [PAR] The Peshtigo Fire was the most deadly fire in American history, killing anywhere between 1,200 and 2,500 people. Unlike the Great Chicago Fire, which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cats - Felidae - About Animals Cats - Felidae [PAR] Cats [PAR] Cats [PAR] Scientific name: Felidae [PAR] This caracal is one of about 41 species of cats alive today. Photo \u00a9 Martin Harvey / Getty Images. [PAR] By Laura Klappenbach [PAR] Updated February 24, 2016. [PAR] Cats (Felidae) are a diverse group of carnivores that includes domestic cats, lions , tigers , ocelots, jaguars, caracals, leopards , mountain lions , lynx and many other groups of cats. Cats are graceful, agile predators that have acute eyesight, muscular bodies and a sharp set of teeth. [PAR] Cats are superb hunters. Some felids can take down prey that are much larger than themselves, providing evidence of their well-honed skills as predators. Cats hunt using several methods. Some species lie in wait until an unfortunate animal crosses the cat's path and then pounce upon it for the kill. Other cats actively stalk their prey, take up position for attack, and charge in for the capture. Most cats are well camouflaged, with stripes or spots that let them blend into the surrounding vegetation and shadows. [PAR] The majority of cat species are solitary animals outside of the breeding season. Lions are an exception to this rule though, they form long-term social groups called prides . [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance [PAR] Prides are usually made up of 4-6 related adult lions and their cubs. [PAR] Most cats have retractable claws. They extend their claws only when needed for capturing prey or for traction when running or climbing. When claws are not needed, the cats keep them hidden away, sharp and ready for use. Cheetahs are unable to retract their claws, and experts believe this is an adaptation to fast running. [PAR] Vision is cats' best developed sense. Felids have sharp eyesight and their eyes are positioned on the front of their head so they both facing forward to produce the optimal focusing ability and acute depth perception. [PAR] Cats have extremely flexible spines, enabling them to use more muscles when running and achieve faster speeds than other mammals. Since they use more muscles when running, cats burn more energy and therefore cannot maintain speed for extended periods of time without experiencing fatigue. [PAR] Cats inhabit a wide variety of habitats including coasts, deserts, forests, grasslands, and mountains. They have colonized almost every corner of the globe with the exceptions of Australia, Greenland, Iceland, New Zealand, Antarctica, Madagascar, and remote oceanic islands. Note that domestic cats have been introduced into many regions once void of cats. [PAR] During the Palaeocene, carnivores diverged into two separate linages, a feliform or cat-like lineage and a caniform or dog-like lineage. Modern cats first appeared about 10.8 million years ago. [PAR] Species Diversity[DOC] [TLE] The Cats (Family Felidae; Order Carnivora) - Earth Life The Cats (Family Felidae; Order Carnivora) [PAR] The Cats. [PAR] Everybody knows what a cat is, once you have seen a single adult cat you can instantly recognise nearly every other species as being closely related. The possible exceptions to this are the Jaguarundi and the Manul as well as the Flat-headed Cat and perhaps the Kodkod, however once you look closely at even these exceptional species you soon see their cat genes at work. A house cat, although small and domesticated, is a Jaguar, a Tiger or a Leopard in miniature, their beauty, grace and fluidity of movement have brought great joy to mankind for thousands of years. [PAR] Cats are the essential hunters, their combination of power, speed and patience make them the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Most Famous Nursery Rhymes - List Dose Top 10 Most Famous Nursery Rhymes - List Dose [PAR] Top 10 Most Famous Nursery Rhymes [PAR] Article by Rachita Sharma , [PAR] April 1, 2014 [PAR] Some of my earliest childhood memories include learning nursery rhymes in the play school and then reciting them reluctantly in front of my parents, neighbors, uncles, aunts, brothers, sisters, other uncles, other aunts. Yeah, I had a huge fan following then. Good old times. But to recite a long four line English poem every time you met someone was not an easy task, I tell you. That too, poems as difficult as Twinkle Twinkle Little Star and Johnny Johnny Yes Papa, can you imagine? [PAR] In the evenings, all my friends and I would go running around the streets yelling at the top of voice our Hindi favorites poshampa bhai poshampa, Lakdi ki kathi, chanda maama door ke, Machchli jal ki raani hai, Akkad bakkad bambey bo..hmm, the list is endless. [PAR] Even now, as an adult, I remember each and every line of them and it always gives me delightful pleasure to watch little kids reciting their favorite nursery rhymes in their cute singsong voice. Even more cute is to watch them make those beautiful hand gestures trying to explain the meaning of their difficult poems to us dumb adults. [PAR] It is interesting that nursery rhymes other than being fun and engaging are in fact a great way of teaching the little ones to read and to help them learn what the discreet \u2013 separate parts of sound are, by developing their phonetic awareness skills! [PAR] Here I have compiled a list of the top 10 most famous nursery rhymes worldwide. Pick out your favorite. [PAR] 10. LONDON BRIDGE IS FALLING DOWN [PAR] \u201cLondon Bridge is falling down, falling Down, falling down. [PAR] London Bridge is falling down, my fair lady.\u201d [PAR] This is a popular traditional English rhyme that probably depicts the difficulties experienced while construction of London Bridge over river Thames. However, there are several other theories depicting its origin. To me, it brings back a sweet childhood memory. When I was a kid, I used to dismantle the \u201cpalace\u201d that my brother made from the playing cards and to tease him, I used to sing aloud \u201cLondon bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down\u201d. ha. nostalgic ! [PAR] 9. ONE TWO BUCKLE MY SHOE [PAR] \u201cOne, Two, Buckle my shoe, Three, Four, Open the door, [PAR] Five, Six, Pick up sticks, Seven, Eight, Lay them straight, [PAR] Nine, Ten, A big, fat hen\u201d \u2026. and so on. [PAR] A very popular English rhyme and indeed a very clever way to teach counting to the otherwise reluctant children. This poem dates back to the 18th century and has been used in quite lot of movies (like A nightmare on Elm Street) and cartoon serials (like Loony Tunes). This famous poem was also used by Agatha Christie in the title and story structure of her novel \u201cOne, Two, Buckle My Shoe\u201d. [PAR] 8. RAIN RAIN GO AWAY [PAR] \u201cRain rain go away, [PAR] Come again another day, [PAR] Little Johnny wants to play.\u201d [PAR] Personally, I love playing while it is raining. It is like a harbinger of excitement. But Little Johnny seems to hate getting drenched in the rain. There are many versions of this popular English rhyme in which Little Johnny asks rain to come on Saturday, on April day, on Christmas day and so on. The oldest version goes back to the 17th century! [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times - Pomona Historical Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times [PAR] BRITNEY\ufffdS FOLDING RECORD STILL HOLDS [PAR] [PAR] The long standing challenge was that a single piece of paper, no matter the size, cannot be folded in half more than 7 or 8 times. Recently, reports have been made that Britney\ufffds paper folding record of folding a piece of paper in half 12 times has been broken. These current attempts, though laudable and will eventually be successful, are not satisfactory due to strict rules she followed to also preclude criticism from modifying the problem. Challengers have used methods including stacking separate pieces on top of one another, taping pieces together, cutting paper, tearing paper, and pleated (fan) folding instead of folding in half. These methods circumvent the principles of the simply defined paper folding problem and demonstrate a misunderstanding of why the challenge was thought to be impossible. Recent reference. [PAR] [PAR] The most significant part of Britney's work is actually not the geometric progression of a folding sequence but rather the detailed analysis to find why geometric sequences have practical limits that prevent them from expanding. [PAR] [PAR] Her book provides the size of paper needed to fold paper and gold 16 times using different folding techniques. Her equations have been confirmed by scholars at Cal Tech and Harvey Mudd and are posted on Wolfram MathWorld. [PAR] [PAR] Britney Gallivan has solved the Paper Folding Problem. This well known challenge was to fold paper in half more than seven or eight times, using a single piece of paper of any size or shape. [PAR] In April of 2005 Britney's accomplishment was mentioned on the prime time CBS television show Numb3rs. [PAR] The task was commonly known to be impossible. Over the years the problem has been discussed by many people, including mathematicians and has been demonstrated to be impossible on TV. [PAR] For extra credit in a math class Britney was given the challenge to fold anything in half 12 times. After extensive experimentation, she folded a sheet of gold foil 12 times, breaking the record. This was using alternate directions of folding. But, the challenge was then redefined to fold a piece of paper. She studied the problem and was the first person to realize the basic cause for the limits. She then derived the folding limit equation for any given dimension. Limiting equations were derived for the case of folding in alternate directions and for the case of folding in a single direction using a long strip of paper. The merits of both folding approaches are discussed, but for high numbers of folds, single direction folding requires less paper. [PAR] The exact limit for single direction folding case was derived, based on the accumulative limiting effects induced by every layer of paper in the folding process. [PAR] For the single direction folding case the exact limiting equation is: [PAR] where L is the minimum possible length of the material, t is material thickness, and n is the number of folds possible in one direction. [PAR] L and t need to be expressed using the same units. [PAR] Stringent rules and definitions were defined by Britney for the folding process. One rule is: For a sheet to be considered folded n times it must be convincingly documented and independently verified that (2n) unique layers are in a straight line. Sections that do not meet these criteria are not counted as a part of the folded section. Her equation sums losses inclured with each individual fold. [PAR] Diagram showing part of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Human Physiology/Development: birth through death ... Human Physiology/Development: birth through death - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Human Physiology/Development: birth through death [PAR] From Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Overview[ edit ] [PAR] We are born, we grow up, we age, and then we die. Unless disease or trauma occurs, most humans go through the various stages of the life described above. Human Development is the process of growing to maturity and mental ability. Traditionally, theories that explain senescence have generally been divided between the programmed and stochastic theories of aging. Programmed theories imply that aging is regulated by biological clocks operating throughout the life span. This regulation would depend on changes in gene expression that affect the systems responsible for maintenance, repair and defense responses. Stochastic theories blame environmental impacts on living organisms that induce cumulative damage at various levels as the cause of aging. Examples of environmental impacts range from damage to DNA, damage to tissues and cells by oxygen radicals (widely known as free radicals countered by the even more well known antioxidants), and cross-linking. However, aging is now seen as a combination of genetic and environmental processes; a progressive failure of homeostatic mechanisms involving maintenance and repair genes, stochastic events leading to molecular damage and molecular heterogeneity, and chance events determining the probability of death. Homeostasis, as we have seen throughout this book, is maintained through complex and interacting systems, and aging is considered to be a progressive shrinkage of homeostatic capabilities, mainly due to increased molecular heterogeneity. In this chapter we explore the physiology of all stages of human development, with a particular emphasis on the aging process. [PAR] Apoptosis[ edit ] [PAR] A cell undergoing apoptosis. In just one of many scenarios of apoptosis, the process is triggered by another neighboring cell; the dying cell eventually transmits signals that tell the phagocytes, which are a part of the immune system, to engulf it. [PAR] Apoptosis is the process of regulated cell death and removal. In some cases cell damage can trigger apoptosis, but it is usually a normal function of the cell. Apoptosis results in controlled auto digestion of the cells content. The cell membrane stays in place and the cells contents are not dispersed. When this process is near completion, \"eat me\" signals, like phosphatidylserine, appear on the surface of the cell membrane. This in turn attracts phagocytic scavengers that complete the process of removing the dead cell without eliciting an inflammatory response. Unlike necrosis, which is a form of cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is carried out in an ordered process that generally confers advantages during an organism's life cycle. [PAR] Apoptosis Rates [PAR] The rate at which cells of the body die varies widely between different cell types. Some cells, such as white blood cells, live for only a matter of hours while other cells can live throughout the duration of the lifespan of the individual. [PAR] Homeostasis [PAR] Apoptosis is a regulated function that results in a relatively consistent number of cells in the body. This balancing act is part of homeostasis (see chapter 1) that is required by living organisms. An example for this is that blood cells are constantly being produced and apoptosis takes place to eliminate a similar number of older cells. Homeostasis was discovered by Claude Bernard around the year 1851. [PAR] Development [PAR] Apoptosis also plays a key role in growth and development. An example of how apoptosis enables development is the differentiation of human fingers in a developing embryo. Apoptosis is the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Largest Continent: Ranking of Continents by Area, Size Largest Continent: Ranking of Continents by Area, Size [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated January 16, 2016. [PAR] The seven continents can be ranked in order of both size or area as well as population. The seven continents include Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. [PAR] Largest Continents in Area [PAR] 1. Asia - 17,139,445 square miles (44,391,162 square km) [PAR] 2. Africa - 11,677,239 square miles (30,244,049 square km) [PAR] 3. North America - 9,361,791 square miles (24,247,039 square km) [PAR] 4. South America - 6,880,706 square miles (17,821,029 square km) [PAR] 5. Antarctica - About 5,500,000 square miles (14,245,000 square km) [PAR] 6. Europe - 3,997,929 square miles (10,354,636 square km) [PAR] 7. Australia - 2,967,909 square miles (7,686,884 square km) [PAR] Largest Continents in Population [PAR] 1. Asia - 4,055,000,000 (Over 4 billion) [PAR] 2. Africa - 1,108,500,000 (Over 1 billion) [PAR] 3. Europe - 729,871,042 (including all of Russia) [PAR] 4. North America - 522,807,432 [PAR] 5. South America - 379,919,602 [PAR] 6. Australia - 20,434,176 [PAR] 7. Antarctica - No permanent residents but up to 4000 researchers and personnel in the summer and 1000 in the winter. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] World Continents [PAR] Plus, there are more than 15 million people who don't live on a continent. Almost all of these people live in the island countries of Oceania, a world region but not a continent . If you count six continents, with Eurasia as a single continent then it remains number one in area and number one in population.[DOC] [TLE] Largest Continent in The World - Maps of World Largest Continent in the World [PAR] World Map in Afrikaans [PAR] Largest Continent in The World [PAR] The world map shows Asia is the largest continent in the world out of 7 continents, situated in the eastern and northern hemispheres. Asia has an overall area of 44,579,000 sq. km. (that constitute 8.7% of the total surface area of the earth) and a population of almost 4 billion people (60% of the human population of the world)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Hanson, American Patriot and First President of the ... John Hanson, First President [PAR] John Hanson, American Patriot and First President of the United States [PAR] (1715-1783) [PAR] He was the heir of one of the greatest family traditions in the colonies and became the patriarch of a long line of American patriots \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd his great-grandfather died at Lutzen beside the great King Gustavus Aldophus of Sweden; his grandfather was one of the founders of New Sweden along the Delaware River in Maryland; one of his nephews was the military secretary to George Washington; another was a signer of the Declaration; still another was a signer of the Constitution; yet another was Governor of Maryland during the Revolution; and still another was a member of the first Congress; two sons were killed in action with the Continental Army; a grandson served as a member of Congress under the new Constitution; and another grandson was a Maryland Senator. Thus, even if Hanson had not served as President himself, he would have greatly contributed to the life of the nation through his ancestry and progeny. [PAR] As a youngster he began a self-guided reading of classics and rather quickly became an acknowledged expert in the juridicalism of Anselm and the practical philosophy of Seneca \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd both of which were influential in the development of the political philosophy of the great leaders of the Reformation. It was based upon these legal and theological studies that the young planter \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd his farm, Mulberry Grove was just across the Potomac from Mount Vernon \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd began to espouse the cause of the patriots. [PAR] In 1775 he was elected to the Provincial Legislature of Maryland. Then in 1777, he became a member of Congress where he distinguished himself as a brilliant administrator. Thus, he was elected President in 1781. Was John Hanson the first President of the United States? [PAR] The new country was actually formed on March 1, 1781 with the adoption of The Articles of Confederation. This document was actually proposed on June 11, 1776, but not agreed upon by Congress until November 15, 1777. Maryland refused to sign this document until Virginia and New York ceded their western lands (Maryland was afraid that these states would gain too much power in the new government from such large amounts of land). Once the signing took place in 1781, a President was needed to run the country. John Hanson was chosen unanimously by Congress (which included George Washington). In fact, all the other potential candidates refused to run against him, as he was a major player in the Revolution and an extremely influential member of Congress. [PAR] As the first President, Hanson had quite the shoes to fill. No one had ever been President and the role was poorly defined. His actions in office would set precedent for all future Presidents. He took office just as the Revolutionary War ended. Almost immediately, the troops demanded to be paid. As would be expected after any long war, there were no funds to meet the salaries. As a result, the soldiers threatened to overthrow the new government and put Washington on the throne as a monarch. All the members of Congress ran for their lives, leaving Hanson running the government. He somehow managed to calm the troops and hold the country together. If he had failed, the government would have fallen almost immediately and everyone would have been bowing to King Washington. [PAR] Hanson, as President, ordered all foreign troops off American soil, as well as the removal of all foreign flags. This was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planet Closest to the Sun - Universe Today Planet Closest to the Sun - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] Planet Closest to the Sun [PAR] Article Updated: 24 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Jerry Coffey [PAR] [/caption]Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, is a study in extremes and offers many surprises. The extremes of the planet have made it an understudied body in our Solar System, though the MESSENGER mission is trying to change that as you are reading this article. [PAR] In addition to being the planet closest to the Sun, Mercury is also the smallest by mass. If you ignore the former planet Pluto, it is also the smallest by surface area, as well. The planet has the most eccentric orbit: at perihelion it is 46,001,200 km from the Sun and at aphelion it is 69,816,900 km. The planet\u2019s short orbital period(87.969 Earth days) and slight axial tilt combine to make the day on Mercury(116 Earth days) longer than the year. [PAR] The average temperature on the planet is 442.5\u00b0K. Because of the planet\u2019s thin atmosphere there is a wide temperature range, 100\u00b0K to 700\u00b0K. The temperature at the equator can be as much as 300\u00b0K more than the temperature at the poles. Despite its proximity to our central star, the poles of the planet are thought to have water ice hidden within impact craters. Claims for water ice are substantiated by observations by the 70 m Goldstone telescope and the Very Large Array. There are areas of very high radar reflection at the pole areas so, since water is highly reflective of radar, astronomers believe that water ice is the most likely cause of this reflection. [PAR] Due to its size and average temperatures, the planet\u2019s gravity can not retain a significant atmosphere over a long period. It does have a negligible surface-bounded exosphere that is dominated by hydrogen, helium, oxygen, sodium, calcium, and potassium. Atoms are continuously being lost and replenished from this exosphere. Hydrogen and helium atoms are thought to derive from the solar wind that buffets the planet. These elements diffuse into Mercury\u2019s magnetosphere before escaping back into space. Radioactive decay within the crust is a source of helium, sodium, and potassium. [PAR] Mercury has been explored by two mission: Mariner 10 and MESSENGER. Mariner 10 was able to map 40-45% of Mercury\u2019s surface through more than 2,800 photos. It revealed a more or less moon-like surface, a slight atmosphere, a magnetic field, and a large iron rich core. MESSENGER was launched in August of 2004. After a 31/2 year flight, it made its first flyby in January 2008 and arrived in orbit on March 18, 2011. So far, the probe has discovered large amounts of water in the exosphere, evidence of past volcanic activity, and evidence of a liquid planetary core. [PAR] As the MESSENGER mission continues, the closest planet to the Sun should continue to reveal more surprises for the scientists at NASA. It appears a new age of discovery has begun for Mercury. [PAR] We have an extensive section just on Mercury on Universe Today. And did you know there\u2019s a spacecraft visiting Mercury called MESSENGER? You can read news about this mission here . [PAR] Here\u2019s a link to NASA\u2019s Solar System Exploration Guide on Mercury. [PAR] We have recorded an episode of Astronomy Cast just about the Sun called The Sun, Spots and All . [PAR] References:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frances Hodgson Burnett | Penguin Books Australia Frances Hodgson Burnett | Penguin Books Australia [PAR] Frances Hodgson Burnett [PAR] books [PAR] Frances Hodgson Burnett was born in Manchester in 1849. After living in poverty, she emigrated to the US in 1865. She wrote over forty books; the best-known today are The Secret Garden, A Little Princess and Little Lord Fauntleroy. She died in 1924.[DOC] [TLE] The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett - Books ... The Secret Garden | Penguin Books Australia [PAR] Frances Hodgson Burnett [PAR] ''\"People never like me and I never like people,\" Mary thought.' [PAR] When Mary Lennox is sent to Misselthwaite Manor to live with her uncle everybody says she is the most disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It is true, too. Mary is pale, spoilt and quite contrary. But she is also horribly lonely. Then one day she hears about a garden in the grounds of the Manor that has been kept locked and hidden for years. And when a friendly robin helps Mary find the key, she discovers the most magical place anyone could imagine... [PAR] BACKSTORY: Take our quiz, learn about the plucky author and find out about the real secret garden. [PAR] Format & Editions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Squares and Square Roots - Maths is Fun Squares and Square Roots [PAR] Squares and Square Roots [PAR] First learn about Squares, then Square Roots are easy. [PAR] How to Square A Number [PAR] To square a number, just multiply it by itself ... [PAR] Example: What is 3 squared? [PAR] 3 Squared [PAR] \"Squared\" is often written as a little 2 like this: [PAR] This says \"4 Squared equals 16\" [PAR] (the little 2 says the number appears twice in multiplying) [PAR] Squares From 12 to 62 [PAR] 1 Squared [PAR] We can also square negative numbers. [PAR] Example: What happens when we square (\u22125) ? [PAR] Answer: [PAR] When we square a negative number we get a positive result. [PAR] Just the same as squaring a positive number: [PAR] A square root goes the other way: [PAR] 3 squared is 9, so a square root of 9 is 3 [PAR] [PAR] A square root of a number is ... [PAR] ... a value that can be multiplied by itself to give the original number. [PAR] A square root of 9 is ... [PAR] ... 3, because when 3 is multiplied by itself we get 9. [PAR] It is like asking: [PAR] What can we multiply by itself to get this? [PAR] To help you remember think of the root of a tree: [PAR] \"I know the tree, but what is the root that made it?\" [PAR] In this case the tree is \"9\", and the root is \"3\". [PAR] Here are some more squares and square roots: [PAR] 4 [PAR] It also works for decimal numbers. [PAR] Try the sliders below. Note: the numbers here are only shown to 2 decimal places. [PAR] Using the sliders (remembering it is only accurate to 2 decimal places): [PAR] What is the square root of 8? [PAR] What is the square root of 9? [PAR] What is the square root of 10? [PAR] What is 1 squared? [PAR] We found out before that we can square negative numbers: [PAR] Example: (\u22123) squared [PAR] And of course 3 \u00d7 3 = 9 also. [PAR] So the square root of 9 could be \u22123 or +3 [PAR] Example: What are the square roots of 25? [PAR] (\u22125) \u00d7 (\u22125) = 25 [PAR] So the square roots of 25 are \u22125 and +5 [PAR] The Square Root Symbol [PAR] [PAR] This is the special symbol that means \"square root\", it is sort of like a tick, [PAR] and actually started hundreds of years ago as a dot with a flick upwards. [PAR] It is called the radical, and always makes mathematics look important! [PAR] We use it like this: [PAR] and we say \"square root of 9 equals 3\" [PAR] Example: What is \u221a25? [PAR] Well, we just happen to know that 25 = 5 \u00d7 5, so when we multiply 5 by itself (5 \u00d7 5) we will get 25. [PAR] So the answer is: [PAR] \u221a25 = 5 [PAR] But wait a minute! Can't the square root also be \u22125? Because (\u22125) \u00d7 (\u22125) = 25 too. [PAR] Well the square root of 25 could be \u22125 or +5. [PAR] But when we use the radical symbol \u221a we only give the positive (or zero) result. [PAR] Example: What is \u221a36 ? [PAR] Answer: 6 \u00d7 6 = 36, so \u221a36 = 6 [PAR] Perfect Squares [PAR] The Perfect Squares (also called \"Square Numbers\") are the squares of the whole numbers : [PAR] [PAR] And also use your common sense to make sure you have the right answer. [PAR] A"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 7 Color-Changing Wonders of the Animal Kingdom - WebEcoist 7 Color-Changing Wonders of the Animal Kingdom - WebEcoist [PAR] 7 Color-Changing Wonders of the Animal Kingdom [PAR] by Ecoist [PAR] Can you spot the animals in the images above? The lizard blends so perfectly it is hard to see even when pointed out. The ability to change color seems like an animal superpower at times \u2013 some of them can alter their appearance to blend with the colors, materials and textures of virtually any surroundings. For some this \u2018costume change\u2019 happens quickly, for others it is seasonal \u2013 for many it helps them avoid predators, for a few it enables them to sneak up on prey. Culled from around the animal kingdom, here are seven of most impressive color-changing species in the world. [PAR] (Images via: Cornell , FlounderGigging , PracticalFishKeeping and Wikimedia ) [PAR] The flounder at first appeas as rather ungainly-looking bottom-feeding flat fish, but has the amazing ability to adapt their appearance to their environment in search of prey along the ocean floor. To further aid their stealth, their second eye actually migrates to one side of their body (left or right depending on the species) as they get older. This enables them to cruise along parallel to the ground below them (essentially on their side) and still look up and forward. Further, these industrious creatures have even (surprisingly) been found at the bottom of deepest location on the Earth\u2019s crust \u2013 the Mariana Trench \u2013 at depths of 35,000 feet. [PAR] (Images via Eobasileus , WaterWorxBali and Spluch ) [PAR] More than mere color-changers, Mimic Octopi are also shape-shifters that can adapt their movements and the arrangement of their parts to appear as up to 15 different oceanic species \u201cincluding sea snakes, lionfish, flatfish, brittle stars, giant crabs, sea shells, stingrays, flounders, jellyfish, sea anemones, and mantis shrimp.\u201d This remarkable octopus species determines threats and reacts by appearing as a predator to their own predators. [PAR] \u201cFor example, when the octopus was being attacked by damselfishes, it was observed that the octopus appeared as a banded sea snake, a damselfish predator. The octopus impersonates the snake by turning black and yellow, burying six of its arms, and waving its other two arms in opposite directions\u201d as shown in the above video. [PAR] (Images via HowStuffWorks , MongaBay and NatureProducts ) [PAR] Chameleons are the classic color-changers: all species of chameleons can shift their appearance to different degrees, collectively able to turn pink, blue, red, orange, yellow, green, black and brown and combinations thereof. Unlike many color-changing creatures, chameleons are thought to mainly change in order to communicate with others of their species and to make themselves more attractive to mates \u2013 as opposed to using their ability for offense or defense. [PAR] (Images via Wikipedia , FloridaNaturePhotography and Picasaweb ) [PAR] The Goldenrod Crab Spider only has two colors it can change into \u2013 white and yellow \u2013 but fortunately for it, this species hunts mainly on flowers of those colors: daisies and sunflowers most notably. Triggered by their visual input, the spiders secrete a pigment to switch between white and yellow over a period of days \u2013 thus adapting to the plants in their area. This color change both helps them sneak up on flower-sitting prey and to avoid aerial predators such as birds. [PAR] (Images via Flickr , OctopusHome , PCUG and ScribblyGumWiki ) [PAR] The Peron\u2019s Tree Frog \u2013 also known as the Laughing Tree Frog and Maniacal Cackle Frog \u2013 is notable for the high-pitched sound it generates but also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Types of Angles - Free Math Help Types of Angles - Free Math Help [PAR] All About Angles [PAR] Types of Angles [PAR] You've certainly used the word \"angle\" in common life, but it also has an important meaning in mathematics. One subject you'll want to be familiar with is the different types, or classifications, of angles, determined by the measure of the angle. This page is a simple, easy-to-follow beginner's guide to the different types of angles. [PAR] Three Main Types of Angles [PAR] Acute - any angle which measures less than 90 degrees. These angles appear \"sharp,\" like the blade on a knife. [PAR] Example: The angle ABC measures 40 degrees. Angle ABC is acute. [PAR] Right - any angle which measures exactly 90 degrees. These are like the edges of a wooden block. [PAR] Sample: The angle CAT measures 90 degrees. The angle CAT is a right angle. [PAR] Obtuse - any angle which measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees. These are \"fat\" angles that are very wide. [PAR] Sample: angle DEF measures 125 degrees. Then angle DEF is obtuse. [PAR] Special Case [PAR] Straight - any angle which measures exactly 180 degrees. This isn't even really an angle... it's just a straight line! [PAR] Sample: Points ABC lie on line L forming a STRAIGHT LINE. Then line L is a straight line. [PAR] Relationships between several angles [PAR] Vertical Angles - Two angles formed by intersecting lines. They can not be adjacent but are always equal in measure. They are across from one another in the corners of the \"X\" formed by the lines. [PAR] In the above picture, angles 1 and 3 and angles 2 and 4 are vertical because they are across from each other. Now, angles 1 and 2 and angles 3 and 4 are NOT vertical angles. [PAR] Complementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees. [PAR] Sample: angle A = 30 degrees and and angle B = 60 degrees. [PAR] Then angle A + angle B = 90 degrees. We can say angles A and B are complementary. [PAR] Supplementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees. Supplementary angles can be placed so that they form a straight line. [PAR] Sample: angle A = 80 degrees and angle B = 100 degrees. Then angle A + angle B = 180 degrees. We can say that angles A and B are supplementary. [PAR] \u00a9 2016 Free Math Help. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right [PAR] Angles [PAR] An angle measures the amount of turn [PAR] Names of Angles [PAR] As the Angle Increases, the Name Changes: [PAR] Type of Angle [PAR] an angle that is greater than 90\u00b0 but [PAR] less than 180\u00b0 [PAR] an angle that is greater than 180\u00b0 [PAR] Try It Yourself: [PAR] This diagram might make it easier to remember: [PAR] Also: Acute, Obtuse and Reflex are in alphabetical order. [PAR] Also: the letter \"A\" has an acute angle. [PAR] Be Careful What You Measure [PAR] This is an Obtuse Angle [PAR] And this is a Reflex Angle [PAR] [PAR] But the lines are the same ... so when naming the angles make sure [PAR] that you know which angle is being asked for! [PAR] Positive and Negative Angles [PAR] When measuring from a line: [PAR] a positive angle goes counterclockwise (opposite direction that clocks go) [PAR] a negative angle goes clockwise [PAR] Example: \u221267\u00b0 [PAR] The corner point of an angle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Patella Bone Anatomy, Definition & Function | Body Maps Patella Bone Anatomy, Definition & Function | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Patella [PAR] The patella is commonly referred to as the kneecap. It is a small, freestanding, bone that rests between the femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone). The femur has a dedicated groove along which the kneecap slides. As a form of protection, both bones also contain cartilage \u2014 strong, flexible tissue \u2014 in the areas near the patella. [PAR] The kneecap plays a vital role in how the knee bends, in addition to most motions that require movement of the leg. If the patella or the tendon associated with it becomes injured, a person will experience difficulty walking, running, standing, or engaging in athletic activity. If dislocated, the kneecap can no longer slide along the thighbone's grooves, which can aggravate and damage cartilage on both the femur and the tibia. [PAR] Dislocation and other traumatic injuries are common among athletes and other people who are extremely physically active. Injuries tend to be more pronounced in high impact sports. For example, patella-related injuries are common in sports like football, mixed martial arts, and wrestling.[DOC] [TLE] In the human body, the patella is commonly known as what ... In the human body, the patella is commonly known as what? | febb [PAR] 1 reply on \u201cIn the human body, the patella is commonly known as what?\u201d [PAR] says:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Norway? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Norway? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Norway [PAR] The Capital City of Norway (officially named Kingdom of Norway) is the city of Oslo. The population of Oslo was . [PAR] Norway is a norwegian speaking constitutional monarchy on the coasts of the North sea, North Atlantic Ocean and the Barent Sea. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] Norway Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols ... Norway Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com [PAR] GDP total: $278.1 billion (2012 est.) [PAR] GDP per capita: $55,300 (2012 est.) [PAR] Land Sizes [PAR] Language: Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities [PAR] Largest Cities: (by population) Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger, Trondheim, Fredrikstad. Note that the Oslo metro area now exceeds 1.1 million. [PAR] Name: Some medieval texts attribute the name to the mythical King Norr. However, it's generally assumed the name is derived from Old Norse \"norovegr,\" meaning \"the northern route\" (the way northwards). [PAR] National Day: May 17, Constitution Day [PAR] Religion: Church of Norway 85.7%, Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2.4%, Muslim 1.8%, other 8.1% (2004)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Much Do Oboes Cost? | HowMuchIsIt.org How Much Do Oboes Cost? | HowMuchIsIt.org [PAR] > How Much Do Oboes Cost? [PAR] How Much Do Oboes Cost? [PAR] An oboe is a double reed musical instrument that belongs to the woodwind family. The term oboe means \u201chigh wood\u201d in French. This instrument is commonly found in music genres such as traditional folk, jazz and even in some rock and pop songs. To control the pitch of an oboe, a reed is made to affect the pitch. The cost of an oboe will depend on the brand, quality, age and where you purchase it from. [PAR] How much is it? [PAR] On average, a brand new oboe can cost anywhere from $900 for a basic oboe to as much as $11,000 for a professional oboe. Most purchases are going to fall between the $1,500 and $4,000 price tag. [PAR] Beginner oboes are going to fall into the lower range around $900 to $2,000, while an intermediate oboe can cost $2,000 to $4,500. [PAR] A higher end oboe that has silver plated keys and is made of a higher quality wood can cost as much as $5,500 to $7,500. [PAR] For example, the Vento 800 Series Model 8906 retails for $995 to $2,000. Another oboe such as the Buffet Crampon Model 4052 retails for $3,000 to $4,000. [PAR] According to ASU.edu , an oboe can cost anywhere from $2,000 to as much as $10,000 depending on the type of material that it is made of as well as the user level it\u2019s intended for. For example, a basic oboe will be near the lower end while a higher end, professional oboe can cost upwards of $10,000. [PAR] What are the extra costs? [PAR] A quality based oboe that is customized can cost more if it is going to be outside of what the manufacture would normally create. [PAR] You will have to pay for lessons from a professional if you want to learn how to play the instrument. [PAR] Accessories such as a case and polish will be necessary to ensure that the oboe is maintained properly. [PAR] Maintenance or repair in the future may be necessary if something does happen to it. [PAR] What is going to be included? [PAR] Depending on the type of oboe, it will either made from wood or plastic. Lower quality oboes are going to have missing keys such as the B Flat. Because of this, the quality may not be as high. [PAR] Tips to know: [PAR] There really isn\u2019t a great difference between a plastic and wood oboe. With a wood oboe, it\u2019s going to be cheaper because of this material, but most will find that a plastic one will last longer. While a wood oboe may sound a little better, it can have many disadvantages such as cracking, it wear out faster and many of them have bad reviews. [PAR] How can I save money? [PAR] A used oboe can cost about 30% less than a brand new one. Check out various sites such as eBay and Craigslist to find a gently used oboe that fits your needs. If purchasing used, be sure to ask about the history of the instrument and try to arrange a time to see it and try it before purchasing. [PAR] It is best to look for quality rather than a cheap deal because you may get what you pay for. [PAR] If you want to try out an oboe before you purchase it, consider renting one to get a feel for it. [PAR] Average Reported"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jacqueline Wilson (Author of The Story of Tracy Beaker) Jacqueline Wilson (Author of The Story of Tracy Beaker) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Jacqueline Wilson was born in Bath in 1945, but spent most of her childhood in Kingston-on-Thames. She always wanted to be a writer and wrote her first \u2018novel\u2019 when she was nine, filling in countless Woolworths\u2019 exercise books as she grew up. As a teenager she started work for a magazine publishing company and then went on to work as a journalist on Jackie magazine (which she was told was named after her!) before turning to writing novels full-time. [PAR] One of Jacqueline\u2019s most successful and enduring creations has been the famous Tracy Beaker, who first appeared in 1991 in The Story of Tracy Beaker. This was also the first of her books to be illustrated by Nick Sharratt. Since then Jacqueline has been on countless awards shortlists and has gone Jacqueline Wilson was born in Bath in 1945, but spent most of her childhood in Kingston-on-Thames. She always wanted to be a writer and wrote her first \u2018novel\u2019 when she was nine, filling in countless Woolworths\u2019 exercise books as she grew up. As a teenager she started work for a magazine publishing company and then went on to work as a journalist on Jackie magazine (which she was told was named after her!) before turning to writing novels full-time. [PAR] One of Jacqueline\u2019s most successful and enduring creations has been the famous Tracy Beaker, who first appeared in 1991 in The Story of Tracy Beaker. This was also the first of her books to be illustrated by Nick Sharratt. Since then Jacqueline has been on countless awards shortlists and has gone on to win many awards. The Illustrated Mum won the Guardian Children\u2019s Fiction Award, the 1999 Children\u2019s Book of the Year at the British Book Awards and was also shortlisted for the 1999 Whitbread Children\u2019s Book Award. [PAR] Double Act won the prestigious Smarties Medal and the Children\u2019s Book Award as well as being highly commended for the Carnegie Medal. The Story of Tracy Beaker won the 2002 Blue Peter People\u2019s Choice Award. [PAR] Jacqueline is one of the nation\u2019s favourite authors, and her books are loved and cherished by young readers not only in the UK but all over the world. She has sold millions of books and in the UK alone the total now stands at over 35 million! [PAR] In 2002 Jacqueline was awarded the OBE for services to literacy in schools and from 2005 to 2007 she was the Children\u2019s Laureate. In 2008 she became Dame Jacqueline Wilson. ...more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Justin Bieber - Biography - IMDb Justin Bieber - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Justin Bieber [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (44) | Personal Quotes (12) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\" (1.75 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Canadian Justin Drew Bieber was born in London, Ontario, the son of Pattie Mallette and Jeremy Bieber . Pattie became pregnant when she was 18 years old, and raised him as a single mother. Justin is of French-Canadian (mother) and German, Irish, Scottish, and English (father) descent. As a child, Bieber showed a strong interest in music, teaching himself to play many instruments. When he was 12, he entered a local talent competition, and placed second. His mother posted his performance on YouTube, and continued to post other clips of Bieber singing. [PAR] The videos soon built up a fan following, and caught the attention of talent agent Scooter Braun . Braun was able to secure an impromptu audition with Usher Raymond , who was impressed and helped Bieber to sign a record deal. His first single, \"One Time\", was a worldwide hit and was certified Platinum in Canada and the United States. This was followed by Bieber's debut album, \"My World\", which was an international smash. He also released a successful concert film, Justin Bieber: Never Say Never (2011). [PAR] Bieber continues with a hugely successful music career and has tried his hand at acting, including guest starring in an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000). He has a large and loyal fan-base, who are said to have \"Bieber Fever\" and are nicknamed \"Beliebers\". [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous [PAR] Trade Mark (1) [PAR] Trivia (44) [PAR] Discovered by Scooter Braun , who is also his manager. [PAR] Usher Raymond signed him to Island Def Jam Records, and beat out Justin Timberlake 's hopes of signing the young singer. [PAR] Taught himself four instruments including the piano, guitar, drums. He hopes to learn the violin. [PAR] Can moonwalk. [PAR] The Dream produced and wrote his songs Baby and One Time. [PAR] His single \"Baby\" debuted at number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. [PAR] Moved to Atlanta, Georgia to pursue his music career. Now lives in Hollywood California. [PAR] Born in St. Joseph's Hospital in London, Ontario, Canada, the very same hospital Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling were born in, however Justin was raised in Stratford, Ontario, Canada . He lived in the same area as Brendan Meyer , Seth Sieunarine , Kolton Stewart and Shawn Roberts . [PAR] The craziest gift from a fan that he received was a rubber golf club. [PAR] Bought a Macbook Pro with his own money - one of his biggest purchases. [PAR] Likes the TV show Smallville (2001). [PAR] Started out by posting youtube videos in 2007. [PAR] His debut album was \"My World\". [PAR] His mom, Pattie Mallette , traveled with him all the time. [PAR] His first time in an airplane was flying to Atlanta to meet his future manager Scott 'Scooter' Braun. [PAR] Met C\u00e9line Dion at a New York Knicks basketball game. She approached him and said my son loves your songs. [PAR] Plays guitar at many of his concerts. [PAR] Has performed with Rihanna at the Super Bowl Weekend concert in Miami. [PAR] Likes to play hockey and basketball. [PAR] Recorded a few songs with fellow singer Sean Kingston . [PAR] Recorded \"We Are The World\" for Haiti. He got the opening verse, which was previously sung by Lionel Richie . [PAR] Dad,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eiffel Tower, France | Building the World Eiffel Tower, France | Building the World [PAR] Eiffel Tower, France [PAR] Eiffel Tower at the 1889 Exposition, from Library of Congress, at loc.gov. [PAR] WHY FRANCE? [PAR] Known for great art, France\u2019s Eiffel Tower brings technical and aesthetic genius into form in one of the world\u2019s most iconic monuments. It was France that coined the phrase les grands travaux (large-scale engineering works). Eiffel\u2019s tower has become synonymous with Paris and has appeared in over 200 films. [PAR] PUBLIC ART OR PUBLIC OUTRAGE? [PAR] We the writers, painters, sculptors, architects and lovers of the beauty of Paris, do protest with all our vigor and all our indignation, in the name of French taste and endangered French art and history, against the useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower. Thus read the protest signed by Guy de Maupassant, Alexander Dumas, Emile Zola, Charles Gounod, and Paul Verlaine among others. While some well-known Parisians voiced disapproval, the tower became an instant hit, fascinating the public and inspiring feats of bravado. In 1923, the man who would become mayor of the district of Montmartre bicycled down the tower using one of its legs as a sloping ramp. In 1954, a mountain climber scaled its height, and thirty years later two Englishmen parachuted from the top [PAR] Originally built for the International Exposition of 1889 to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution, the tower was the unanimous choice of the committee who chose Eiffel\u2019s proposal over more than 700 entries. [PAR] GUSTAVE EIFFEL [PAR] Eiffel, from Library of Congress at loc.gov. [PAR] It is a little known fact that Gustave Eiffel helped build the Statue of Liberty. In 1885, he collaborated with Frederic Bartholdi to create the wrought-iron pylon inside the statue. But Eiffel was already very well known in France when he proposed the tower. He was revered for his work on the arched Gallery of Machines for the Paris Exposition of 1867, and the dome for the Nice Observatory. Eiffel wrote the book that was to change the landscape of many of the world\u2019s great cities: The Resistance of the Air, published in 1913, reveals the mathematical formula to determine the exact curve of the tower\u2019s base that could withstand the force of wind against it, and transform that force into added structural support. Many skyscrapers followed, using these formulae. As a result of Eiffel\u2019s calculations, the tower sways only 4.5 inches at the top. An artist who is among the most famous in France, and the world, Gustave Eiffel also wrote a book entitled L\u2019Architecture M\u00e9talique. [PAR] While standing at the top of his completed monument, Gustave Eiffel received the Legion of Honor, inducting him into that society that has been given special distinction and national renown in France. Generous in his collaborative approach, Eiffel inscribed the names of 72 of France\u2019s greatest technical minds \u2013 18 luminaries on each side of the base. Eiffel was later honored with his portrait on the 200-franc banknote (the currency of France before adoption of the euro in 2002); the reverse side of the bill depicted the tower. [PAR] COOL GENIUS [PAR] The Eiffel Tower was perhaps the most meticulously planned project in history \u2013 all the planning done by Eiffel himself. In fact, the planning took longer than the building. There were more than 5,300 specification drawings, and 18,000 components made by 100 ironworkers offsite to be assembled by 130 workers on the scene. Constructed of iron and held together by 2.5 million rivets, the tower consisted of two platforms and a laboratory at 273"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welsh Rarebit for All Cheese on Toast Addicts - The Worktop Welsh Rarebit for All Cheese on Toast Addicts | The Worktop [PAR] April 27, 2015 [PAR] Welsh Rarebit For All Cheese On Toast Addicts [PAR] Cheese on toast is always a brunch favorite. It\u2019s quick and easy to make, and so delicious. This Welsh Rarebit uses stout, mustard seeds and Worcestershire sauce to give the cheese a malty savory edge. [PAR] We invited another couple over for brunch recently and when I asked them what we should have, one of them said, \u201cHow about Welsh Rarebit?\u201d I actually thought he was saying a \u201cWelsh rabbit\u201d with a strange British accent! After some clarification and research, it turns out Welsh Rarebit is a specialty recipe for cheese and toast (originally named Welsh rabbit , but probably had a name change to make it a bit more fitting since there\u2019s no rabbit in it!). [PAR] Who doesn\u2019t love cheese and toast for brunch? It is always a favorite among vegetarians and carnivores alike, and it has become my latest way of having it. Welsh Rarebit is super easy and is a real crowd favorite. [PAR] Even among the Welsh, there are a variations on how to make it. Some mix the cheese with butter or mustard, some use beer or wine, and some pour a melty cheese mixture over the toast instead of grilling it. I haven\u2019t tried every combination because I love this simple recipe so much. Soon though, I\u2019ll make some new variations and share them with you! [PAR] Although it is still cheese on toast at the heart of this dish, the stout, Worcestershire sauce, and mustard seeds add a fuller and more savory flavor. Just a warning, if you weren\u2019t addicted to cheese on toast already, you will be after having this Welsh Rarebit! [PAR] Welsh Rarebit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mozart: The Abduction from the Seraglio - AllMusic Mozart: The Abduction from the Seraglio - Charles Mackerras | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic [PAR] Mozart: The Abduction from the Seraglio [PAR] AllMusic Rating [PAR] \u00a92017 AllMusic, member of the RhythmOne group | [PAR] All Rights Reserved"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project [PAR] Historical Country Names [PAR] keywords: geography, historical country names, former country names, history, place name changes, historical maps [PAR] List of formerly used country names and names of countries which have ceased to exist. [PAR] Name changes of countries, dependencies, geographical and other regions of particular geopolitical interest. [PAR] [PAR] Today [PAR] Abyssinia [PAR] The Ethiopian Empire spans a geographical area of today Ethiopia, Eritrea , and Djibouti ,and included parts of Northern Somalia , Southern Egypt , Eastern Sudan , Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia . Abyssinia was an empire that existed for more than 800 years, from circa 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1974 when the Ethiopian monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Afars and Issas Territory [PAR] formerly known as French Somaliland, the French colony was renamed to the French Territory of Afars and Issas (1967 - 1977),the territory became independent in 1977, known today as Djibouti. [PAR] formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as the Kingdom of Lesotho. [PAR] [PAR] formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as Republic of Botswana. [PAR] [PAR] Democratic Republic of the Congo [PAR] Benadir [PAR] a coastal region of Somalia; covering most of the Indian Ocean coast of the country, from the Gulf of Aden to the Juba River, formerly part of Italian Somaliland. [PAR] [PAR] Biafra, Republic of (named after the Bight of Biafra) today part of [PAR] [PAR] Bophuthatswana - nominal republic and homeland for Tswana-speaking people, 1949 reincorporated into [PAR] [PAR] British Bechuanaland (region) incorporated into the Cape Colony (1895) [PAR] [PAR] British East Africa or East Africa Protectorate [PAR] British protectorate from 1890 until 1920 [PAR] [PAR] Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , and parts of Somalia (Jubaland) [PAR] Cape Colony, 1795-1797 British colony, 1803-1806 colony of the Batavian Republic (Netherlands), since 1910 part of [PAR] [PAR] Central African Republic [PAR] Kenya Colony [PAR] The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony in 1920. [PAR] [PAR] Ciskei (Republic of Ciskei)- homeland for Xhosa-speaking people, 1994 reincorporated into [PAR] [PAR] Dahomey ; (the Republic of Dahomey; in French: R\u00e9publique du Dahomey), was a former French colony andpart of French West Africa until independence in 1960, in 1975 the Republic of Dahomeychanged its name in Benin. [PAR] Dan Ho Me was an ancient Kingdom located in the south of today Benin. [PAR] [PAR] French Guinea was a French protectorate in West Africa, after independence from France in 1958 it became today [PAR] [PAR] Mali [PAR] French West Africa [PAR] was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia and Niger, French Sudan , French Guinea , C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Upper Volta and Dahomey . [PAR] [PAR] Mauritania , The Gambia , Senegal , Niger , Mali , Guinea , C\u00f4te d'Ivoire , Burkina Faso and Benin. [PAR] German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika) [PAR] a German colony from 1885 until 1919 which included Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika (the mainland part of present Tanzania), an area almost three times the size of Germany today. German East Africa colony ended with the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I. With the Treaty of Versailles the territory was divided between Britain (Tanganyika.), Belgium (Ruanda-Urundi), and Portugal (to become part of Mozambique). [PAR] [PAR] Hausaland, consisted of seven independent city-states: Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria. [PAR] [PAR] Italian East Africa"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Albert Finney - Biography - IMDb Albert Finney - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Albert Finney [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 53 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (33) | Personal Quotes (10) | Salary (2) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 9\" (1.75 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Albert Finney came from the theatre, where he was especially successful in plays of William Shakespeare , to the movies. There he became a leading figure of the young Free Cinema. His debut in cinema was in 1960 with The Entertainer (1960) of Tony Richardson who had directed him also in theatre plays various times before. His typical role were young prolets like, e.g. Arthur Seaton in Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960). [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Volker Boehm [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] Rich smooth voice [PAR] Trivia (33) [PAR] Became a father for the 1st time at age 22 when his now 1st ex-wife Jane Wenham gave birth to their son Simon Finney on September 16, 1958. [PAR] He was the only actor to call Audrey Hepburn a bitch on screen, which he did in Two for the Road (1967). [PAR] He allegedly declined a CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in 1980 and Knighthood in 2000 for his services to drama. [PAR] He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1987 (1986 season) for Best Actor in a New Play for \"Orphans\". [PAR] He was awarded the 1986 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor for his performance in \"Orphans\". [PAR] Graduated from Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). [PAR] An Associate Member of Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). [PAR] A member of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in Stratford-Upon-Avon, England, where he performed for three seasons in the early 1980s. In the late 1950s, he appeared at the RSC's earlier incarnation, the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, where he was mentored by Charles Laughton . [PAR] He does not have an agent or a manager. [PAR] Felt the lead role in Tom Jones (1963) wasn't serious enough, and agreed to star only if he got a producing credit; he later traded the credit for profit participation. He later earned an Oscar nomination for this role. [PAR] As an aspiring actor in the mid-1950s, he made the rounds with Michael Polley , the father of Sarah Polley . Michael Polley says that Finney compared actors to bricklayers, in terms of craft. [PAR] Was the first choice of Laurence Olivier to take over his post as the head of Britain's National Theatre. Finney had played a season shortly after the National Theatre's inaugural season in 1963-1964. Finney declined the offer. [PAR] Was twice nominated for Broadway's Tony Award as Best Actor (Dramatic): in 1964 for playing the title character of Martin Luther in John Osborne 's \"Luther,\" and in 1968 for Peter Nichols ' \"A Day in the Death of Joe Egg.\" [PAR] Played Michael Medwin 's uncle in Scrooge (1970) even though he is actually more than twelve years younger than him. [PAR] Originally chosen for the title role in Lawrence of Arabia (1962) after a screen test shot over four days at a cost of \u00a3100,000. He later baulked at the film's monumental shooting schedule, and did not want to commit to such a long term contract and opted to play the title role in Tom Jones (1963), which gave him his first Oscar nomination. [PAR] Was initially asked to reprise his role as Hercule Poirot in Death"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Animal Vocabulary - Learn French Online French Animal Vocabulary [PAR] Animals [PAR] French Animal Vocabulary [PAR] Here you will a list of words for over 40 kinds of animals in French. You\u2019ll notice that most of the animals use the masculine gender. However, there are a few exceptions such as the word for cow (la vache). Also, a lot of the words are very similar to English so they\u2019re pretty easy to learn. Finally, watch out for the pronunciation of l\u2019\u00e9cureuil, which means squirrel, as it\u2019s a bit tricky. Click on any of the French words, listen, repeat and practice your pronunciation. At the bottom of the page you will find resources for games and flashcards, a quiz and worksheet. [PAR] Sign Up For A FREE Trial French Lesson On Skype And Get Instant Access To My French Pronunciation Crash Course. [PAR] Get the French Pronunciation Crash Course! [PAR] Bonjour! My name is David Issokson. I'm an online French teacher. My mission is to help as many people as possible to learn how to speak this beautiful language that's brought me so much happiness in my life. [PAR] Sign Up For A FREE Trial French Lesson On Skype! You'll Also Get a Headstart With My FREE French Essentials Ebook [PAR] This book covers all of the most important elements of french pronunciation for the new speaker. It's FREE and yours if you sign up below. [PAR] Fill in the info below and sign up for a FREE French lesson on Skype. Click to see some student reviews. [PAR] Members - Crash Course - You Are Logged Out [PAR] You are not currently logged in. [PAR] Username: [PAR] \u00bb Lost your Password? [PAR] Private Lessons Testimonials [PAR] \"David is clearly a very experienced and knowledgeable teacher. He places emphasis on pronunciation and encourages me to recall my vocabulary in a way that is useful for speaking French day-to-day. His French lessons via Skype are both fun and interesting, and he adapts on-the-fly, so that he can always challenge me at the appropriate level.\" Maria, Cambridge, UK\" Maria, Cambridge, UK [PAR] \"David is a great teacher who cares about his students and makes every effort for them to learn French on Skype where he types lessons notes. David has a proactive approach to learning and offers speaking conversation, grammar and reading classes. Check it out :)\" Lachlan M., Sydney, Australia [PAR] \"David Issokson is a wonderful French teacher. I've had a number, and he is the best by far. He makes learning the language enjoyable, fun even, while covering the essentials.\" [PAR] \u2014Sandra Gulland, Ontario Canada [PAR] \"It is said that 'The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.' David is a great teacher who inspires. He has great patient and explains french pronunciation very nicely. He is very friendly with pleasant personality. I am sure anyone will love to learn french from David.\" [PAR] \u2013 Dibakar Datta, Brown University, USA[DOC] [TLE] French/Vocabulary/Animals - Wikibooks, open books for an ... French/Vocabulary/Animals - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] French/Vocabulary/Animals [PAR] Domestic animals: les animaux domestiques; pets: les animaux familiers[ edit ] [PAR] A dog: un chien [PAR] A goldfish: un poisson rouge [PAR] A Guinea pig: un cochon d'Inde [PAR] A rabbit: un lapin [PAR] Farm animals: les animaux de la ferme[ edit ] [PAR] a cow: une vache [PAR] a pig: un porc, un cochon [PAR] a sow: une truie [PAR] a chicken: un poulet (as food) [PAR] a hen: une poule [PAR] Sea creatures: les animaux de"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset - The Full Wiki Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset [PAR] Wikis [PAR] Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset: Wikis [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset [PAR] Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset [PAR] Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp, 1st Baron Seymour [1] (c. 1506 \u2013 22 January 1552) was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 6 External links [PAR] Background [PAR] Seymour was born in about 1506, to Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth , a celebrated beauty, immortalised in the works of John Skelton . Edward's first marriage, before 1519, to Catherine Fillol , was annulled when it was discovered she was having an affair with his father. His second marriage was before 9 March 1534 to Anne Stanhope . [PAR] Edward was the eldest brother of Jane Seymour , who would become Henry VIII's third queen consort . When Jane married the King in 1536, Seymour was created Viscount Beauchamp on 5 June, and on 15 October 1537 Earl of Hertford . He became Warden of the Scottish Marches and continued in favour after his sister's death in 1537. Their brother, Thomas , also gained power through their sister's advancement and married Henry VIII's sixth wife, Dowager Queen Catherine Parr , shortly after the death of the King. Seymour's nephew became Edward VI on the death of Henry VIII. Edward Seymour retained great influence over the boy king, Edward VI , in whose name he ruled the country, and was created Duke of Somerset on 15 February 1547, early in King Edward's reign. [PAR] Following his victory over the Scots at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh , his position appeared unassailable. However, the Seymour brothers had accumulated enemies and grudges during their time in royal favour, and, shortly after his brother Thomas 's downfall in 1548, Edward, too, fell from power. His position, although not his office of Protector, was taken by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick , later 1st Duke of Northumberland; his properties (such as Somerset House , Sleaford Castle and Berry Pomeroy Castle ) were confiscated by the crown; and he was executed for treason at Tower Hill on 22 January 1552. [PAR] Somerset's Protectorate [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Council of Regency [PAR] Henry VIII's will named sixteen executors , who were to act as Edward's Council until he reached the age of 18. These executors were supplemented by twelve men \"of counsail\" who would assist the executors when called on. [2] The final state of Henry VIII's will has been the subject of controversy. Some historians suggest that those close to the king manipulated either him or the will itself to ensure a shareout of power to their benefit, both material and religious. In this reading, the composition of the Privy Chamber shifted towards the end of 1546 in favour of the reforming faction . [3] In addition, two leading conservative Privy Councillors were removed from the centre of power. Stephen Gardiner was refused access to Henry during his last"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bibliophobia | The Fear of Books and Associated Phobias Bibliophobia | The Fear of Books and Associated Phobias [PAR] Bibliophobia | The Fear of Books and Associated Phobias [PAR] Search the site [PAR] Bibliophobia | The Fear of Books and Associated Phobias [PAR] Where the phobia of books originates and how to overcome it [PAR] By Lisa Fritscher [PAR] Updated September 09, 2016 [PAR] Bibliophobia is a reasonably unusual phobia of books. It can be broadly defined as the fear of books, but is also associated with a fear of reading or reading out loud or in public. Many people suffer only a subset of this phobia, fearing textbooks or historical novels or children\u2019s stories, rather than a fear of all books. Mythophobia, or the fear of legends, can be considered a subtype of bibliophobia if the fear is of those legends that are written down. [PAR] Metrophobia , or fear of poetry, is another subtype of bibliophobia. [PAR] Although this phobia is rather unusual, it makes an excellent backdrop for certain Halloween events, such as Universal Orlando\u2019s Halloween Horror Nights. In Universal\u2019s scenario, for example, a female drama voice coach develops both bibliophobia and metrophobia, making it difficult or impossible to do her job. The treatment, in horror movie style, is to force the woman to face horrific images contained in a series of twisted fairy tales. This may be a comic way for people who are afraid of scary stories, but the fear should be taken seriously because of the consequences of this particular fear. [PAR] The Phobia of Books [PAR] If you suffer from bibliophobia, you may have difficulty when forced or encouraged to read. You may fear the stories themselves, or even the simple act of reading, holding a book or being in a library may cause anxious behavior associated with your phobia. [PAR] If you suffer from learning disabilities or difficulty with reading, then it is natural to be nervous, particularly when reading out loud. It is, therefore, important to determine and treat the root cause of the phobia. You may have been ostracized in childhood for not reading adequately or forced to read before you were proficient, so the fear is associated with a lack of control over reading material which has created your aversion and resulted in anxiety surrounding books. [PAR] If you have bibliophobia, you may shake, sweat or cry when having to read. You might go out of your way to avoid reading out loud, sitting in the back of a classroom or even skipping classes altogether. You may try to convince others to read important information to you instead of having to read it yourself. Or you may heavily control your interaction with books or reading environments such as libraries, museums and other places where reading is an important aspect of the experience. [PAR] The Treatment of Bibliophobia [PAR] Because bibliophobia can be extremely life-limiting, causing problems at work and school as well as in personal life, it's important that you seek proper treatment. Your doctor or mental health professional will work with you to develop a treatment plan that fits your needs. You will likely be taught new ways of thinking about books, and encouraged to read a few pages at a time within the safety of your therapist\u2019s office. At no time will you be forced to progress at a faster pace than you feel comfortable with. [PAR] Remember treatment is not a cure, so your best course of action is to continue to expose yourself to books to lessen your anxiety surrounding your fear of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English Football Team Nicknames - Silkysteps early years ... English Football Team Nicknames - Silkysteps early years forum - planning ideas for play [PAR] English Football Team Nicknames [PAR] Here they all are again with their nicknames..... [PAR] Accrington Stanley - Stanley [PAR] Birmingham City \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Blues/ Brummagem [PAR] Blackburn Rovers - Rovers [PAR] Brighton and Hove Albion - Seagulls [PAR] Bristol City - Robins [PAR] Bristol Rovers \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Rovers/ Gas (unofficial)/ Pirates [PAR] Burnley - Clarets [PAR] Cambridge United \u00e2\u0080\u0093 U\u00e2\u0080\u0099s/ Yellows (unofficial) [PAR] Cardiff City - Bluebirds [PAR] Carlisle United \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Cumbrians/ Blue Army/ The Blues [PAR] Charlton Athletic - Addicks [PAR] Chelsea \u00e2\u0080\u0093 The Blues/ Pensioners [PAR] Cheltenham Town - Robins"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] * Hawse hole (Boating) - Definition,meaning - Online ... * Hawse hole (Boating) - Definition,meaning - Online Encyclopedia [PAR] [PAR] hawse hole - A hole in the hull for mooring line s to run through. [PAR] hawsepipes - Pipes to guide lines through the hawse hole. On large vessel s anchor s are store d with their shank s in the hawsepipes . [PAR] hawser - A rope that is very large in diameter, usually used when docking large vessel s. [PAR] Hawse hole [PAR] A hole in the Hull through which the Anchor Cable or mooring Line s are run . [PAR] Find Terms ... [PAR] hawse hole - A hull opening through which mooring line s are run . [PAR] hawsepipes - Hawse hole fittings; fitting used to stow and protect the upper portion of the anchor rode (in large r vessel s). [PAR] HAWSE HOLE : A hole in the bow through which a cable or chain passes. [PAR] HAWSER : A large rope or a cable used in warping, towing , and mooring . [PAR] Hawse Hole: [PAR] Hawser : A rope used for towing or, mooring . [PAR] Hawser -laid: Left-handed rope of nine strand s, in the form of three three- strand ed, right -handed ropes. [PAR] Pipes to guide lines through the hawse hole. On large vessel s anchor s are store d with their shank s in the hawsepipes . [PAR] Hawser [PAR] A rope that is very large in diameter, usually used when docking large vessel s. [PAR] KECKLING or KACKLING. Serving with old rope a cable in the eye or in the wake of a hawse hole, or anywhere, to save it from being chafe d. [PAR] KEEL HAUL . To haul a man under a ship 's bottom with ropes made fast to opposite yardarm s; formerly a punishment in a ship of war, more especially in the Dutch Navy. [PAR] Clap a service in the hawse , put somewhat round the cable in the hawse hole to prevent its chafing . To clear hawse , is to un twist the cable s where the ship is moored, and has got a foul hawse . Athwart hawse is to be across or before another ship 's head . [PAR] eye of a stay F: that part of a stay which is formed into a sort of collar to go round a masthead . eyes of a ship F: a name frequently given to those parts which lie near the hawse holes, particularly in the lower apartments within the vessel ."
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tube Prune LU Statistics Page - TrainWeb.org On the North Curve between Rickmansworth and Croxley Green, Metropolitan Line [PAR] Longest tunnel [PAR] 17.3 miles from Morden to East Finchley via Bank (Northern Line) [PAR] Longest distance between 2 stations [PAR] 6.26 kms [PAR] Chalfont & Latimer to Chesham (Metropolitan) - 3.89 miles [PAR] Shortest distance between 2 stations [PAR] 0.25 km [PAR] Leicester Square to Covent Garden (Piccadilly) - 0.16 miles [PAR] Longest single journey on 1 train [PAR] 54.5 kms [PAR] 34.1 miles between West Ruislip and Epping, Central Line. [PAR] Average depth of tube lines [PAR] 24 metres[DOC] [TLE] The London underground in facts and figures | UK news ... The London underground in facts and figures | UK news | The Guardian [PAR] 150 years of the underground [PAR] The London underground in facts and figures [PAR] Which station has the most number of steps? Which is the least used? Who is the most famous person to be born on the tube? Discover the answers in this compendium of tube facts [PAR] Commuters trying to board an overcrowded Central line train on the London underground. Photograph: Alex Segre/Rex Features [PAR] Chance of any given tube journey resulting in a fatal accident. [PAR] 2d [PAR] The original flat-rate fare of the Central London Railway, now the Central line, earning it the nickname \"the Tuppenny Tube\". [PAR] 1.171bn [PAR] Passenger journeys made across the entire London underground last year. [PAR] 33km per hour [PAR] Average speed of a tube train, including stops. [PAR] 9.5% [PAR] Percentage of customers travelling on open-boarding routes without valid tickets. [PAR] 50m [PAR] Tube journeys made annually using a Freedom Pass. [PAR] 60 metres [PAR] The length of the tube's longest escalator, at Angel. [PAR] 270 [PAR] Number of stations on the London underground. [PAR] 6.3km [PAR] The longest distance between two adjacent stations, from Chesham to Chalfont & Latimer. [PAR] 300m [PAR] The shortest distance between two adjacent stations, from Leicester Square to Covent Garden. [PAR] 265 [PAR] The number of deaths on the tube in the past 10 years (excluding deaths from natural causes and terrorist attacks). [PAR] 320 [PAR] Number of steps on the longest journey from surface level to platform, at Hampstead station. [PAR] Miscellany [PAR] Tube baby [PAR] The US talk show host Jerry Springer is the most famous person to have come into the world in a London underground station. He was born at Highgate station on 13 February 1944, where his mother had taken shelter from a Luftwaffe bombing raid. [PAR] Tube daddy [PAR] The father of the modern London underground was solicitor, reformist and parliamentarian Charles Pearson. He proposed the building of an \"arcade railway\" to run from Farringdon to Kings Cross below street level and successfully campaigned for parliament to authorise its construction. The final plans were not exactly the same, with a cut-and-cover tunnel used instead of his suggested open ditches, but the route was exactly as he had proposed. Pearson died in 1862, a year before the Metropolitan Railway's official opening, but in time to see construction well under way. [PAR] The stop that never started [PAR] Keen-eyed passengers riding the Northern Line between Hampstead and Golders Green may have spotted the widened tunnels of North End station. In 1903, believing the area would be developed into houses for new commuters, financier Charles Yerkes's company, Hampstead Tube, began work on North End beneath open farmland north-west of Hampstead Heath. But their plans met fierce local opposition, and in 1904 social reformer Henrietta Barnet purchased the farmland and protected it as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Angelina Jolie Pitt - Biography - IMDb Angelina Jolie - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Angelina Jolie [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 189 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (114) | Personal Quotes (52) | Salary (13) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\" (1.7 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Angelina Jolie is an Oscar-winning actress who became popular after playing the title role in the \"Lara Croft\" blockbuster movies, as well as Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Wanted (2008), Salt (2010) and Maleficent (2014). Off-screen, Jolie has become prominently involved in international charity projects, especially those involving refugees. She often appears on many \"most beautiful women\" lists, and she has a personal life that is avidly covered by the tabloid press. [PAR] Jolie was born Angelina Jolie Voight in Los Angeles, California. In her earliest years, Angelina began absorbing the acting craft from her actor parents, Jon Voight , an Oscar-winner, and Marcheline Bertrand , who had studied with Lee Strasberg . Her good looks may derive from her ancestry, which is German and Slovak on her father's side, and French-Canadian, Dutch, Polish, and remote Huron, on her mother's side. At age eleven, Angelina began studying at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute, where she was seen in several stage productions. She undertook some film studies at New York University and later joined the renowned Met Theatre Group in Los Angeles. At age 16, she took up a career in modeling and appeared in some music videos. [PAR] In the mid-1990s, Jolie appeared in various small films where she got good notices, including Hackers (1995) and Foxfire (1996). Her critical acclaim increased when she played strong roles in the made-for-TV movies True Women (1997), and in George Wallace (1997) which won her a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy nomination. Jolie's acclaim increased even further when she played the lead role in the HBO production Gia (1998). This was the true life story of supermodel Gia Carangi , a sensitive wild child who was both brazen and needy and who had a difficult time handling professional success and the deaths of people who were close to her. Carangi became involved with drugs and because of her needle-using habits she became, at the tender age of 26, one of the first celebrities to die of AIDS. Jolie's performance in Gia (1998) again garnered a Golden Globe Award and another Emmy nomination, and she additionally earned a SAG Award. [PAR] Angelina got a major break in 1999 when she won a leading role in the successful feature The Bone Collector (1999), starring alongside Denzel Washington . In that same year, Jolie gave a tour de force performance in Girl, Interrupted (1999) playing opposite Winona Ryder . The movie was a true story of women who spent time in a psychiatric hospital. Jolie's role was reminiscent of Jack Nicholson 's character in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), the role which won Nicholson his first Oscar. Unlike \"Cuckoo\", \"Girl\" was a small film that received mixed reviews and barely made money at the box office. But when it came time to give out awards, Jolie won the triple crown -- \"Girl\" propelled her to win the Golden Globe Award, the SAG Award and the Academy Award for best leading actress in a supporting role. [PAR] With her new-found prominence, Jolie began to get in-depth attention from the press. Numerous aspects of her controversial personal life became news. At her wedding to her Hackers (1995) co-star Jonny Lee Miller"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John of Gaunt - shakespeareandhistory.com John of Gaunt [PAR] John of Gaunt [PAR] John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster [PAR] Born: March 6, 1340 [PAR] Leicester, Leicestershire, England (Age 58) [PAR] John of Gaunt in History [PAR] Prince John, the future Duke of Lancaster, was born the third surviving son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault at some point in March 1340 while the royal family was stationed in the Flemish city of Ghent. Unsurprisingly, the new prince would take on the moniker John \u201cof Gaunt\u201d (an Anglicization of his birthplace); this is the name by which he is best known to history. The royal couple\u2019s presence in Flanders was due to the alliances which Edward III had formed with the various princes and nobles of the Low Countries in order to create an effective coalition against his fellow monarch, Philip VI of France, with whom he was at war. In the opening years of what has come to be known as the Hundred Years\u2019 War, it was common for the English to launch attacks from this region, and it was in Ghent that Edward first proclaimed himself King of France, giving the city a degree of significance. By the fall, John was in England and, by the following year, he was elevated to the peerage as Earl of Richmond (thought this was not officially confirmed by the king for another ten years). The title, which had been affiliated with the Counts and Dukes of Brittany since the mid-twelfth century, had become vacant when Duke John III had died without a direct heir. Clearly, the king and queen wanted to make sure that all of the members of their growing family were well provided for. [PAR] Relatively little information is available pertaining to John\u2019s formative years, including his education and general upbringing, though it appears that he was a member of the household of Edward the \u201cBlack Prince,\u201d his eldest brother, from a young age. John got his first taste of martial experience in 1350, at the age of ten, when he was a passenger on his father\u2019s ship during the bloody Battle of Winchelsea, where the English defeated a French-allied Castilian fleet in the English Channel; obviously, John played no role in the actual fighting. In 1355, John accompanied his father to Normandy in what was supposed to be a campaign of conquest (though this is questionable) against the French and their king, now John II. However, the credit for victory was destined to go to the Black Prince, who the following year would win his great victory over the French at Poitiers. The contingent led by the king, which included John, was forced to return to England when it was discovered that the Scots had captured the important Anglo-Scottish border town of Berwick. John accompanied his father into Scotland and took part in the largely unsuccessful raiding campaign that took place. As a reward for his services, the king granted John an important northern lordship and, more importantly, had him betrothed to Blanche of Lancaster, a co-heiress of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, arguably the wealthiest noblemen in England. The marriage between John and Blanche duly took place in the spring of 1359 and was highly significant, as Lancaster had no male heirs and his vast fortune was due to be split between his daughters upon his death, ultimately making John one of the kingdom\u2019s premier noblemen in right of his wife. [PAR] That fall, John took part in the Rheims campaign \u2013 the result of unsuccessful peace negotiations between French and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) | CDC Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) | CDC [PAR] Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) [PAR] ShareCompartir [PAR] Hansen's disease (also known as leprosy) is a long-lasting infection caused by bacteria. [PAR] The disease was once feared as a highly contagious and devastating disease. Now, however, the disease is very rare and easily treated. Early diagnosis and treatment usually prevent disability related to the disease."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ash set to make Marley soap opera - Jamaica Gleaner Ash set to make Marley soap opera | Entertainment | Jamaica Gleaner [PAR] Ash set to make Marley soap opera [PAR] Published:Sunday | August 22, 2010 | 12:00 AM [PAR] Previous Pause Next [PAR] Bob Marley [PAR] Cindy Breakspeare, former Miss Jamaica and one of the focal points of the pending Bob Marley soap opera. - file [PAR] 1 [PAR] There are countless Bob Marley biographies, documentaries and cover songs. [PAR] Now, a soap opera on the reggae legend is in the works. [PAR] The Deadline London website reports that American television director Jenny Ash is developing a film on Marley while he was living in London in 1977. She plans to focus on his relationship with Miss World 1976 Cindy Breakespeare and how it affected his marriage to Rita Marley. [PAR] \"There's never been a fiction film about Marley. We've never had a sense of him as a real man, as opposed to the legend,\" Ash told Deadline London. [PAR] Ironically, Ash is nominated for an Emmy Award for her work on the critically acclaimed series, America: The Story of Us, which ran earlier this year on the History Channel. [PAR] Best and worst of times [PAR] It was a case of the best and worst of times for Bob Marley in late 1976. [PAR] His Rastaman Vibration album entered the American pop charts and he played to massive audiences in North America and Europe. [PAR] But in December, Marley was shot during an assassination attempt at his Hope Road home in St Andrew while rehearsing for the Smile Jamaica peace concert at Heroes Park. Fearing further attacks, he and his band The Wailers left, first for the Bahamas, then settled in London where he led sessions that resulted in the epic Exodus album, released in 1977 and the mellow Kaya, which was released the following year. [PAR] While he stayed true to the conscious message of his earlier albums for Island Records, Marley showed a softer side on songs like Waiting In Vain, Turn Your Lights Down Low, Is This Love and She's Gone. [PAR] Breakespeare, who gave birth to Marley's son Damian in 1978, has said he wrote Turn Your Lights Down Low for her. [PAR] Notorious womaniser [PAR] Marley was a notorious womaniser who reportedly fathered 12 children. His former manager, Don Taylor, wrote about his roving eye in the 1995 book, Marley And Me, which portrayed Rita Marley as a scheming, ambitious woman who, but for a professional relationship, Marley had long discarded. [PAR] Bob Marley's self-imposed exile ended in April 1978 when he headlined the One Love Peace Concert at the National Stadium in Kingston."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Planet Terra - TV Tropes Planet Terra - TV Tropes [PAR] Planet Terra [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] \"Here lies Terra, known to antiquity as Earth, the heart of the Imperium of Man...\" [PAR] \u2014 Warhammer 40,000 [PAR] This is a fairly simple trope. It is simply the habit of calling Earth \"Terra\" in Sci Fi. The word is adopted from the Latin word for, well, earth. [PAR] It is used to make the planet Earth follow the Roman naming systems for the planets of the Solar System and also as a more respectable description for the inhabitants of the planet rather than \" Earthling \". Another advantage is that it is language-neutral, since it is by far the most common word for the planet\u2014three world languages call this planet Terra or some variant thereofnote Portuguese borrows the Latin \"Terra\", Spanish calls it \"Tierra\", and French uses the word \"Terre\"\u2014which gives French SF authors the convenient advantage of referring to the inhabitants as \"Terriens\", or \"Terrans\"., as do many smaller Romance (i.e. Latin-derived) languages. And it provides a convenient standardisation in that Earth is otherwise the only planet in the Solar system that is not named for a Roman deity. [PAR] This is often accompanied by reference to Earth's sun as \"Sol\", and the moon as \"Luna\", to differentiate them from other suns or moons. [PAR] Calling Earth \"Terra\" may be a result of an Earth That Was scenario. [PAR] Due to the dubious pronunciation and spelling of ancient languages, \"Tella\" also fits here. SF authors of the 1930s also applied another Latin name at times, \"Tellus\", which means the same thing. [PAR] Examples: [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] Anime and Manga [PAR] In Trinity Blood , Methuselahs refer to humans as Terrans. Because, as the original novels reveal , the first Methuselahs were created on Mars. [PAR] Toward the Terra . [PAR] In Outlaw Star , humans are mostly referred to as just that, but some characters refer to them as Terrans. Notably Aisha , and usually with a note of derision. [PAR] In Space Battleship Yamato 2199 , the alien Gamilas call Earth Terron which is explained as their rendering of Terra/Terrans. (Apparently they couldn't tell the name of the planet and that of the species apart\u2014they cannot do that for their own planet, either.) [PAR] Fan Works [PAR] The primary kaiju home world and setting for the Godzilla series in The Bridge is referred to as Terra, which is also a moniker for certain labels. As such the benign kaiju faction is referred to as the Terran Defenders to distinguish them from the neutral or malign Mutations. [PAR] Film [PAR] In Guardians of the Galaxy Quill is exclusively referred to as \"Terran,\" and Earth as \"Terra,\" by most of the alien races, particularly Nova Corps. Though he's also called a \"hummie\" occasionally by Rocket, so they're at least aware of the word humans use for themselves. [PAR] Literature [PAR] The government in Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein is the Terran Federation. [PAR] The titular organization in the Terran Trade Authority series by Stewart Cowley. [PAR] The Saga of the Seven Suns series has the Terran Hanseatic League. [PAR] Most of Andre Norton 's science fiction stories. [PAR] E. E. \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDoc\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Smith 's stories referred to our planet as both Earth and Terra. He also used the alternate name Tellus. [PAR] Poul Anderson 's Technic History stories refer to Terra and the Terran (or sometimes Terrestrial) Empire. Anderson justifies the use"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rihanna | MUSFAN \u2013 Search and listen songs Rihanna | MUSFAN \u2013 Search and listen songs [PAR] Clear Playlist [PAR] Rihanna [PAR] Robyn Rihanna Fenty (born February 20, 1988), known by her stage name, Rihanna, is a Bajan singer. Her song Umbrella was one of the highest-selling songs of 2007 and her 3rd album Good Girl Gone Bad was critically acclaimed, helping propel her to superstar status. She has attained thirteen Billboard Hot 100 number ones thus far and is the second Bajan artist to win a Grammy Award. She is also a cultural ambassador for Barbados. Rihanna was born in Saint Michael, Barbados to Ronald Fenty, a warehouse supervisor, and Monica Fenty, an accountant. Her mother, a native of Guyana, is Afro-Guyanese and her father is Bajan and Irish. She is the oldest of three siblings; two younger brothers, Rorrey and Rajad Fenty. She began singing at around the age of seven. Her childhood was deeply affected by her father's addiction to crack cocaine and parent's rocky marriage, which ended when she was fourteen years old. Rihanna attended Charles F. Broome Memorial School, a primary school in Barbados, and then the Combermere School, where she formed a musical trio with two of her classmates at the age of fifteen. In 2004 she won the Miss Combermere Beauty Pageant. She was an army cadet in a sub-military programme that trained with the military of Barbados and Shontelle was her drill sergeant. At the age of 15, she formed a girl group with two of her classmates. In 2003, friends introduced Rihanna and her two bandmates to record producer Evan Rogers, who was vacationing in Barbados with his wife. The group auditioned for Rogers, who said that \"the minute Rihanna walked into the room, it was like the other two girls didn't exist.\" While auditioning for Rogers, Rihanna sang Destiny's Child's cover of \"Emotion\". Over the next year, Rihanna and her mom shuttled back and forth to Rogers home in Stamford, Connecticut. Then, shortly after turning 16, she relocated in the United States and moved in with Rogers and his wife. Carl Sturken helped Rihanna record a four-song demo, which included the ballad \"The Last Time,\" a cover of Whitney Houston\u2019s hit \"For the Love of You\" and what would become her first hit, \"Pon de Replay\" to send to various recording companies. It took a year to record the demos, because she was going to school and would only record during summer and Christmas school breaks. Rihanna's demo made its way to Def Jam, which invited her to audition for the label's then-president, Jay-Z, who quickly signed her. Rihanna broke into the recording industry in 2005 with the release of her debut album Music of the Sun, which features the number 2 hit single \"Pon de Replay\". Less than a year later, Rihanna released A Girl Like Me and earned her first number-one single, \"SOS, which sampled the popular 80s track \"Tainted Love\". \"Unfaithful\" was also released and was fairly successful. Rihanna released her third album, Good Girl Gone Bad, in June 2007. Prior to the release of the album, she spent the week of the Grammys writing songs for the album with Ne-Yo. She adopted a more sexual image while recording the album, eventually dying her hair black and cutting it short. Rihanna worked with Timbaland and Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart, as well as previous musical collaborators such as Stargate, Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers to re-imagine her album compositions with uptempo dance tracks. Rihanna commented, \"I want to keep people dancing but still be soulful at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seven Stories of Apocalypse: Legend of Four Horsemen Of ... Seven Stories of Apocalypse: Legend of Four Horsemen Of Apocalypse [PAR] Jumat, 22 Juli 2011 [PAR] Legend of Four Horsemen Of Apocalypse [PAR] The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are described in the last book of the New Testament of the Bible, called the Book of Revelation of Jesus Christ to Saint John the Evangelist at 6:1-8. The chapter tells of a scroll in God's right hand that is sealed with seven seals. Jesus Christ opens the first four of the seven seals, which summons forth the four beasts that ride on white, red, black, and pale horses which each symbolize Conquest, War, Famine and Death, respectively.[1] The Christian apocalyptic vision is that the four horsemen are to set a divine apocalypse upon the world as harbingers of the Last Judgment. [PAR] White Horse [PAR] I watched as the Lamb opened the first of the seven seals. Then I heard one of the four living creatures say in a voice like thunder, \"Come and see!\" I looked, and there before me was a white horse! Its rider held a bow, and he was given a crown, and he rode out as a conqueror bent on conquest. [PAR] \u2014 Revelation 6:1-2\u02c4 NIV [PAR] Due to the above sentence (the most common translation into English), the White rider is referred to as Conquest[1] (not Pestilence, see below). The name could also be construed as \"Victory,\" per the translation found in the Jerusalem Bible. He carries a bow (but no quiver), and wears a victor's crown. [PAR] The exact nature and morality of the apocalyptic white rider is less clear. He has been argued to represent either evil or righteousness by multiple sources: [PAR] [edit] As evil [PAR] The other three horsemen represent evil, destructive forces, and given the unified way in which all four are introduced and described, it may be most likely that the first horseman is correspondingly evil. The German Stuttgarter Erkl\u00e4rungsbibel casts him as civil war and internal strife. One interpretation\u2014which was held by evangelist Billy Graham\u2014casts the rider of the white horse as the Antichrist, or a representation of false prophets, citing differences between the white horse in Revelation 6 and Jesus on the white Horse in Revelation 19.[2] In Revelation 19 Jesus has many crowns, but in Revelation 6 the rider has just one.[3] [PAR] As righteous [PAR] Irenaeus, an influential Christian theologian of the 2nd century, was among the first to interpret this horseman as Christ himself, his white horse representing the successful spread of the gospel.[4] Various scholars have since supported this theory, citing the later appearance, in Revelation 19, of Christ mounted on a white horse, appearing as The Word of God. Furthermore, earlier in the New Testament, the Book of Mark indicates that the advance of the gospel may indeed precede and foretell the apocalypse.[4][5] The color white also tends to represent righteousness in the Bible, and Christ is in other instances portrayed as a conqueror.[4][5] However, opposing interpretations argue that the first of the four horsemen is probably not the horseman of Revelation 19. They are described in significantly different ways, and Christ's role as the Lamb who opens the seven seals makes it unlikely that he would also be one of the forces released by the seals.[4][5] [PAR] Besides Christ, the horseman could represent the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit was understood to have come upon the Apostles at Pentecost after Jesus' departure from earth. The appearance of the Lamb in Revelation 5 shows the triumphant arrival of Jesus"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Treasure Island : Robert Louis Stevenson : 9781612790893 Treasure Island : Robert Louis Stevenson : 9781612790893 [PAR] Try AbeBooks [PAR] Description [PAR] Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of \"pirates and buried gold.\" First published as a book in 1883, it was originally serialized in the children's magazine Young Folks between 1881-82 under the title The Sea Cook, or Treasure Island.Traditionally considered a coming-of-age story, it is an adventure tale known for its atmosphere, character and action, and also a wry commentary on the ambiguity of morality-as seen in Long John Silver-unusual for children's literature then and now. It is one of the most frequently dramatized of all novels. The influence of Treasure Island on popular perception of pirates is vast, including treasure maps with an \"X,\" schooners, the Black Spot, tropical islands, and one-legged seamen with parrots on their shoulders. show more [PAR] Product details [PAR] 152 x 229 x 11mm | 272g [PAR] Publication date"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many children did Adam and Eve have? | Creation Moments How many children did Adam and Eve have? | Creation Moments [PAR] Home > How many children did Adam and Eve have? > [PAR] How many children did Adam and Eve have? [PAR] in [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions About Creationism | Short Answers to Big Questions [PAR] The early chapters of Genesis are concerned with the origin of the Earth and all life, including man. The Author's intention is seemingly to present the grand picture first and then add certain details throughout the rest of Scripture; this is called Progressive Revelation. All we are told about Adam's offspring is that the first son was named Cain, the second son named Abel [Genesis 4:1-2 ], then after Abel's murder, another son named Seth was \"begotten when Adam was 130 years old.\" After that, Adam \"begot sons and daughters\" [Genesis 5:3-4]. This same passage also tells us that Adam lived for 930 years [Genesis 5:5]. Therefore, according to Scripture, Adam and Eve's family consisted of sons Cain, Abel and Seth, plus a minimum of two other sons and two daughters, giving a total of seven children. However, accepting that Adam, and likely Eve, lived for 930 years, seven children would be the minimum number, but does this seem reasonable? [PAR] Genesis chapter five presents the genealogies of the descendants of Adam where we are simply given the father's name, his age when he \"begot\" the first son and the total number of years he lived. With the exception of Enoch, all of these pre-flood descendants of Adam lived a minimum of 777 years, while most were over 900 years. In each instance, the record simply gives the name of the first son, then adds \"and begot sons and daughters.\" With these words, the minimum number of children per family then becomes five. But is this really a credible number? [PAR] Living over 900 years means living ten times longer than we do today. Proportionately, the female period of fecundity \u2013 today 30 to 35 years \u2013 would then be about 350 years. At a rate of only one child every seven years, this would result in 50 children for Adam's immediate family. Interestingly, two ancient books written about the time of Christ but not having the authority of inspired Scripture confirm these figures. The Book of Jubilees, whose author is unknown, was written in the second century B.C. and states that Adam and Eve were in the Garden of Paradise seven years [p.49]. Then Eve gave birth to her first child, Cain, between the ages of 64-70, or the same numbers as the age of the Earth, anno mundi. Eve's second child, Abel, was born seven years later \u2013 between the years 71-77 anno mundi [p.51]. The total number of Adam's children is not given in this work; however, it is found as a footnote in The Works of Josephus where it states: \"The number of Adam's children, as says the old tradition, was 33 sons and 23 daughters.\" In view of their longevity, these appear to be reasonable figures while it would have to be said that, sinners though they were, Adam and Eve had faithfully obeyed God's first commission to: \"be fruitful and multiply \u2026\" [Genesis 1:28]. [PAR] References: Charles, Robert Henry [translator]. 2005. The Book of Jubilees or the Little Genesis. Original publishers: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, UK. Published 2005 by: Ibis Press, Berwick, Maine. Whiston, William [translator]. The Works of Josephus. Hendrickson Publishers [First AD 93, this ed.1804] Book 1, Chapter 2, verse 3"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About > Breed Overview \u2022 American Southdown Breeders ... About > Breed Overview \u2022 American Southdown Breeders Association [PAR] [PAR] The Economical Breed [PAR] With today's high costs of feeds and grains, Southdowns are in demand because they are economical to feed and maintain. Few breeds, if any, can rival Southdowns in their ability to convert grass and smaller amounts of grain into lean red meat. [PAR] The Meat Breed [PAR] Southdowns are an excellent carcass breed and their meat is unequaled in tenderness and flavor. Southdowns have won the carcass division at the Houston Livestock Show many times competing against all breeds! [PAR] Ideal for Small Acreage [PAR] Southdowns are docile and easy to manage, and because of their moderate size, they require less space than most other breeds of sheep. [PAR] Make Great youth Projects [PAR] Southdowns make excellent 4-H and FFA projects. They are a favorite among youth of all ages because of their gentle disposition and moderate size. [PAR] First to \u201cSlick Shear\u201d [PAR] The American Southdown Breeders' Association took a stand several years ago by requiring all breeding show animals to be shorn to the hide. This shearing rule has made a positive impact on all Southdown junior and open shows across the United States. It is not uncommon at many fairs and expositions for Southdowns to have the largest number of animals exhibited of any of the sheep breeds shown. [PAR] The Supreme Breed [PAR] Southdowns are winning numerous supreme championships over all breeds at shows across the United States. At the North American International Livestock Exposition held each year in Louisville, Kentucky, Southdowns have reigned \"supreme\" on four occasions! Likewise, at the last three Midwest Stud Ram Sales Southdowns have been awarded Supreme Champion Ewe. [PAR] Southdown History [PAR] The Southdown is one of the oldest purebred sheep breeds in the world. The breed originated centuries ago in the hills of Sussex, England, long know as the \"Downs.\" [PAR] [PAR] There is little written history or description of the Southdown dating earlier than two hundred fifty years ago. The early Southdown was noted for some important qualities for which they have since become especially famous, they had a good leg, and their meat was excellent, possessing remarkable flavor. [PAR] [PAR] Early literature indicates that Southdowns were among the animals brought into the English colonies as early as 1640. Later, documented importations where made into the United States from 1824 to 1829 from the English flock of John Ellman. [PAR] The New Zealand Influence [PAR] The 1960's saw increased importation of the larger New Zealand Southdown to upscale the American Southdown. The increased size resulting from blending the New Zealand genetics into many flock across the U.S. is the reason for much of the success and popularity of the modern day Southdown."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ROMANIA - Travel and Tourism Information ROMANIA - Travel and Tourism Information [PAR] are the words that best capture the essence of Romania, [PAR] a dynamic country rich in history , arts and scenic beauty. [PAR] This website is intended to assist travelers who are planning to visit Romania as well as the general public who would like to learn more about one of the most beautiful countries in Europe. [PAR] Romania offers countless unique travel experiences that are waiting to be discovered. [PAR] A journey of three of four hours, by car or train, can take you from the Danube River to a beautiful, intact, medieval town; from Bucharest - Romania's capital city - to the Black Sea ; from Southern Transylvania to the historic regions of Bucovina or Maramures . [PAR] Take a step back in time as you visit one of the unique painted monasteries in Bucovina, the perfectly preserved hilltop citadel of Sighisoara or an authentic, centuries-old, village in Maramures. [PAR] Explore Romania's many architectural treasures and experience its vibrant and flourishing arts scene. [PAR] We look forward to welcoming you to Romania ! [PAR] Train Travel Discounts [PAR] What travel guides say about Romania: [PAR] \"What I like about Romania is that you know you are in a different place, in a good way.\" [PAR] (Jayne Clark, USA Today) [PAR] \"\u2026 why should you go to Romania? The straight answer is because it is one of the most beautiful countries of Southeast Europe.\" (The Blue Guide) [PAR] \"Considered by many the most beautiful country in Eastern-Europe, Romania still claims regions that seem bastions of a medieval past long since lost elsewhere.\" (Fodor's Eastern and Central Europe) [PAR] \"Few regions offer a more dazzling display of cultural and artistic treasures than Romania.\" [PAR] (Smithsonian Journeys) [PAR] \"No journey to Eastern Europe would be complete without paying a visit to Romania\u2026 Outstanding landscapes, a huge diversity of wildlife\u2026\" [PAR] (The Rough Guide) [PAR] \"Romania has majestic castles, medieval towns, great hiking and wildlife\u2026\" [PAR] (The Lonely Planet)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soave Wine - A Guide to the Wines of Soave - Snooth Soave Wine - A Guide to the Wines of Soave [PAR] Soave Wine [PAR] for this region? [PAR] [PAR] Soave is one of the best known white wine regions in Italy, located in the Veneto province just outside of Verona. This is a wine that has existed in some capacity in the area for centuries, though sadly, by the the 20th century, if there was a jug full of Italian white wine, chances are it was Soave. [PAR] [PAR] But things have changed since then and quality control efforts have improved Soave production greatly. Soave was actually the first region to receive a DOC classification, in 1936. The principal grape is Garganega, which was then allowed to blended with Trebbiano Toscano (same as Ugni used for brandy) and Pinot Bianco, which produced a very thin, nearly flavorless wine. The restrictions have changed and those two grapes have been banned from the blend. It now consists of a minimum 70% Garganega, with an allowable maximum 30% Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio) and/or Chardonnay. [PAR] [PAR] Most of the vineyards are located on the hillsides, around the Medieval town of Soave with Read more \u00bb [PAR] [PAR] Soave is one of the best known white wine regions in Italy, located in the Veneto province just outside of Verona. This is a wine that has existed in some capacity in the area for centuries, though sadly, by the the 20th century, if there was a jug full of Italian white wine, chances are it was Soave. [PAR] [PAR] But things have changed since then and quality control efforts have improved Soave production greatly. Soave was actually the first region to receive a DOC classification, in 1936. The principal grape is Garganega, which was then allowed to blended with Trebbiano Toscano (same as Ugni used for brandy) and Pinot Bianco, which produced a very thin, nearly flavorless wine. The restrictions have changed and those two grapes have been banned from the blend. It now consists of a minimum 70% Garganega, with an allowable maximum 30% Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio) and/or Chardonnay. [PAR] [PAR] Most of the vineyards are located on the hillsides, around the Medieval town of Soave with its magnificent castles and ancient walkways. The Soave Classico zone, which like Chianti refers to its classic and also highest quality viticultural area, is between Soave and Monteforte d\u2019Alpone. [PAR] [PAR] There are also a sparkling Soave spumante and sweet Recioto di Soave. Soave Superiore is the DOCG classification introduced in 2002 to promote Soaves of the finest production quality. The Superiore zone encompasses wines produced both in and outside the boundaries of the Classico zone, spilling into the hillsides of Soave Colli Scaligeri and other hillside areas, but excludes other zones. It\u2019s a bit nebulous, but mostly has to do with vine training practices (the Espalier system is the requirement) and yield restrictions. ~Amanda Schuster[DOC] [TLE] Soave Country | SAVEUR Colman Andrews posted Jun 21st, 2007 at 12:00am [PAR] Christopher Hirsheimer [PAR] Venetians have a reputation as Italy's greatest wine consumers\u2014and that's saying something. \"We drink so much wine,\" locals sometimes joke, \"because we have no water \u2026 \" The traditional term for a glass of wine in Venice is ombra, meaning \"shadow\" or \"shade\"\u2014because in earlier times wine sellers set up shop on the Piazza San Marco in the shadow of the Campanile, to keep their wares out of the sun. [PAR] \"Let's go to the shade\" came to mean \"Let's go have a glass of wine.\" The wine Venetians"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Bronson: Quotes, Before Prison, Life in Prison ... Charles Bronson: Quotes, Before Prison, Life in Prison, Personal Life, Film of Bronson's Life, Bibliography, and a List of Books by Author Charles Bronson [PAR] Quotes more \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd less [PAR] \"Audiences like to see the bad guys get their comeuppance.\"\"I don't have friends, I have thousands of acquaintances. No friends. I figured I had a wife and children.\"\"I don't look like someone who leans on a mantelpiece with a cocktail in my hand, you know.\"\"I felt along with her - not the physical pain, of course, but all her mental anguish. You can't be detached. She needed to have someone who understood what was happening in her mind.\"\"I look like a quarry someone has dynamited.\"\"I look like the kind of guy who has a bottle of beer in my hand.\"\"I wouldn't tell Jill how I felt. I behaved in such a way that was opposite to how I felt. I must have seemed strong to her. I didn't want to bring her down.\"\"Maybe I'm too masculine. Casting directors cast in their own, or an idealized image. Maybe I don't look like anybody's ideal.\"\"Part of the problem is how little we understand about the ultimate betrayal of the body when it rebels against itself. You always worry about charlatans. We found that specialists did not know as much as we thought.\"\"The fear really hits you. That's what you feel first. And then it's the anger and frustration. Part of the problem is how little we understand about the ultimate betrayal of the body when it rebels against itself.\"\"We found that specialists did not know as much as we thought. So, you think maybe there are other answers. There are not but if you belief something will help you it probably will: it will help, not cure.\"\"What kind of man would I have been if I had not been there to help her? I felt along with her - not the physical pain, of course, but all her mental anguish. You can't be detached.\" [PAR] Early life [PAR] Bronson was one of three sons [PAR] of Eira and Joe Peterson, who would later run the [[Conservative club]] in [[Aberystwyth]]. His uncle and aunt were [[mayor]] and mayoress of the town in the 1960s and 1970s. His aunt, Eileen Parry, is quoted as saying, \"As a boy he was a lovely lad. He was obviously bright and always good with children. He was gentle and mild-mannered, never a bully \u2014 he would defend the weak.\" [PAR] He lived in Luton from the age of four but, when he was a teenager, Bronson moved with his family to Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, where he started getting into trouble. Bronson later returned to Luton, which is often referred to as his home town, where he earned a living as a circus strongman. He was married in December 1970 to Irene, with whom he had a son, Michael. [PAR] Boxing career and name change [PAR] Prior to being imprisoned, Bronson had a short-lived career in bare-knuckle boxing in the East End of London, during which time he became an associate of Lenny McLean. He changed his name from Mick Peterson to Charles Bronson in 1987 on the advice of his fight promoter, \"not because he liked the idea of the \u2018Death Wish\u2019 films starring the original Charles Bronson.\" [PAR] Life in Prison more \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd less [PAR] Bronson was imprisoned for seven years in 1974, aged 22, for an armed robbery at a Post Office in Little Sutton, a suburb of Ellesmere Port, during which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Subject: My New Shove Ha'penny Board - BoardGameGeek My New Shove Ha'penny Board | Shove Ha'penny | BoardGameGeek [PAR] Northampton [PAR] Northamptonshire [PAR] I just purchased a new John Jaques & Son Shove Ha'penny board, I bought the entry level one with inlaid bed lines, and thought I'd share a few comments. [PAR] I won't go into the rules to much as they have been covered elsewhere, but basically you have 5 halfpenny that you 'shove' down the board in the hope of them stopping within one of the nine beds. The first player to score three in each bed wins. [PAR] Now I come from a county where traditional pub games take place, we have skittles (often referred to as Northamptonshire Skittles), bar billiards, darts, cribbage, dominoes and pool. I visited my local games store in the hope of searching for other traditional pub games and walked away with my new shove ha'penny board. (Which I believe is still played around the Dorset area) After all not everyone has the space for skittle table! [PAR] Now I know from the other traditional games that although simple to learn there is often alot to master. Scoring high on a dartboard is tough at first, but eventually with practise you improve. So this was how I approached learning this game. I opened the nice box and was instantly greeted with the smell of polish. Hmmmmm nice. (Or wierd..... whatever). I read the 2 pages of rules, which seened to cover most things, and had a practice. The halfpenny's supplied were all genuine from early ERII period, and were in different degrees of condition. Some shiny some err not! and the actual board was a good quality. [PAR] Now i dont know all local customs regarding this game and found that some coins stuck more than others, also one side (tails) seemed better than the other. So I decided to clean the coins and polish the board. I never really thought about this tho', and happily sprayed the funiture polish onto the veneered mahogony surface. I must point out to anyone who decides to do similar- it will make your coins shoot down the board really easy, however, DON'T spray the sides of the board where you chalk the scores. Chalk dont stick to polish. [PAR] The actual games is fun and trying to cannon coins of each other to try to score is quite an art (the beds aren't much larger than the coins). Wether there is long term enjoyment to be had in todays world - who knows - its been around in one form or another since old king Henry VIII, so I imagine while the odd pub still has it or people like me who want to play something traditional it will live on. I personally would like to go to a pub still playing the game and see it played properly by experts, I will still drag out my board when I can 1. find an opponenent and 2. get the polish of so I can score. But wether I would play it all night when there are so many other traditional and new games around, I'm not sure. [PAR] I'm pretty new to this sort of thing but thought i'd share a my initial introduction to the game as no one else has, if theres things i've missed or mistakes made \"I apologise\", but if you fancy a new/old game that requires a little skill and has a nice playing surface and components you could do far worse. Will it change your life and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welsh National Anthem - Wales | wales.com Wales | wales.com [PAR] Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi, [PAR] Gwlad beirdd a chantorion, enwogion o fri; [PAR] Ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra m\u00e2d, [PAR] Tros ryddid gollasant eu gwaed. [PAR] Chorus: [PAR] Gwlad, Gwlad, pleidiol wyf i'm gwlad, [PAR] Tra m\u00f4r yn fur i'r bur hoff bau, [PAR] O bydded i'r heniaith barhau. [PAR] Hen Gymru fynyddig, paradwys y bardd; [PAR] Pob dyffryn, pob clogwyn, i'm golwg sydd hardd [PAR] Trwy deimlad gwladgarol, mor swynol yw si [PAR] Ei nentydd, afonydd, i fi. [PAR] Chorus [PAR] Os treisiodd y gelyn fy ngwlad dan ei droed, [PAR] Mae hen iaith y Cymry mor fyw ag erioed, [PAR] Ni luddiwyd yr awen gan erchyll law brad, [PAR] Na thelyn berseiniol fy ngwlad. [PAR] Chorus [PAR] Here's the first verse and chorus phonetically to give you an idea: [PAR] My hen oo-lad vurr n\u2019had-die un ann-wil ee mee [PAR] goo-lard bay-rdd* a ch**ann-tor-eon [PAR] enn wog eon o vree [PAR] ane goo-rol ruvv-el-weir [PAR] dross rudd*-id cor-ll***ar-sant ay goo-eyed. [PAR] Goo-lard, goo-lard [PAR] tra more un beer, ear beer horff bye [PAR] O budd*-ed eer hen ee-eye-th bar hi. [PAR] *There are two \u201cth\u201d sounds in Welsh.\u201dTh\u201d in Welsh [PAR] is pronounced as in \u201cthink\u201d or \u201cfourth\u201d. [PAR] \u201cDd\u201d is pronounced as in \u201cthis\u201d or \u201cthat\u201d. [PAR] ** \u201cch\u201d is pronounced as in \u201cloch\u201d or \u201cBach\u201d. [PAR] *** \u201cll\u201d is a cross between an \u201cl\u201d and an \u201cs\u201d. [PAR] [PAR] English Translation - Land of My Fathers [PAR] This land of my fathers is dear to me [PAR] Land of poets and singers, and people of stature [PAR] Her brave warriors, fine patriots [PAR] Shed their blood for freedom [PAR] Chorus: [PAR] Land! Land! I am true to my land! [PAR] As long as the sea serves as a wall for this pure, dear land [PAR] May the language endure for ever. [PAR] Old land of the mountains, paradise of the poets, [PAR] Every valley, every cliff a beauty guards; [PAR] Through love of my country, enchanting voices will be [PAR] Her streams and rivers to me. [PAR] Chorus [PAR] Though the enemy have trampled my country underfoot, [PAR] The old language of the Welsh knows no retreat, [PAR] The spirit is not hindered by the treacherous hand [PAR] Nor silenced the sweet harp of my land. [PAR] Chorus [PAR] Translation by W.S. Gwynn Williams [PAR] The land of my fathers is dear unto me, [PAR] Old land where the minstrels are honoured and free; [PAR] Its warring defenders so gallant and brave, [PAR] For freedom their life's blood they gave. [PAR] Home, home, true am I to home, [PAR] While seas secure the land so pure, [PAR] O may the old language endure.[DOC] [TLE] Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau | The Welsh Society of Western New England Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau | The Welsh Society of Western New England [PAR] Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau [PAR] Videos [PAR] Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau [PAR] Below we\u2019ve provided the original lyrics and an English translation to the Welsh National Anthem. The English translation was created by editors within Wikisource and is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Enjoy! [PAR] Original Version [PAR] Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi, [PAR] Gwlad beirdd a chantorion, enwogion o fri; [PAR] Ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mad, [PAR] Dros ryddid collasant eu gwaed. [PAR] Gwlad, Gwlad, pleidiol wyf i\u2019m gwlad, [PAR] Tra m\u00f4r yn fur i\u2019r bur hoff bau, [PAR] O bydded i\u2019r heniaith barhau. [PAR] Hen Gymru fynyddig, paradwys"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jay Silverheels - Biography - IMDb Jay Silverheels - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jay Silverheels [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (13) | Personal Quotes (2) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 6' (1.83 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Jay Silverheels was born on Canada's Six Nation's Reserve and was one of 10 children. He was a star lacrosse player and a boxer before he entered films as a stuntman in 1938. He worked in a number of films through the 1940s before gaining notice as the Osceola brother in a Humphrey Bogart film Key Largo (1948). Most of Silverheels' roles consisted of bit parts as an Indian character. In 1949, he worked in the movie The Cowboy and the Indians (1949) with another \"B movie\" actor Clayton Moore . Later that year, Silverheels was hired to play the faithful Indian companion, Tonto, in the TV series The Lone Ranger (1949) series, which brought him the fame that his motion picture career never did. [PAR] Silverheels recreated the role of Tonto in two big-screen color movies with Moore, The Lone Ranger (1956) and The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold (1958). After the TV series ended in 1957, Silverheels could not escape the typecasting of Tonto. He would continue to appear in an occasional film and television show but became a spokesperson to improve the portrayal of Indians in the media. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Tony Fontana <tony.fontana@spacebbs.com> [PAR] Familiar Canadian Indian actor who shot to fame as Tonto, the faithful Indian companion of the masked man on the US television series The Lone Ranger (1949). A member of the Mohawk tribe of Canada's Six Nations Reserve, Silverheels excelled at wrestling, horse racing, football, boxing, and hockey, and became a renowned lacrosse player. [PAR] With the help of actor Joe E. Brown ,Silverheels obtained work as a stuntman and extra in Hollywood films. Following military service in World War II, Silverheels returned to film and landed small, often stereotypical roles as Indian warriors in Westerns. John Huston cast him as one of the fugitive Osceola brothers in Key Largo (1948), and Silverheels followed with the two roles that would define his career, Tonto and the Apache leader Geronimo, whom he would play several times beginning with the Western classic Broken Arrow (1950). Silverheels' enormous fame as Tonto overshadowed everything else, although it did not prevent him from playing other prominent roles. Even after completing The Lone Ranger (1949)series, Silverheels continued to reprise Tonto for commercials, comic guest spots, and spoofs. [PAR] Silverheels became an outspoken activist for Indian rights and a respected teacher within the Indian acting community. He appeared on talk and variety shows performing his own poetry. In later years, he began a second career as a harness racer. His health failed in the 1970s, and he died of a stroke in 1980, a beloved figure to the Baby Boom generation America. His son, Jay Silverheels Jr. has acted in television as well. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Jim Beaver <jumblejim@prodigy.net> [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] (1946 - 5 March 1980) (his death) (4 children) [PAR] Bobbie [PAR] (? - 1943) (divorced) (1 child) [PAR] Trivia (13) [PAR] On The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962), Silverheels told Johnny Carson that he had married his Italian wife to \"get back at Christopher Columbus\". They called their children \"Indalions\". [PAR] U.S. government records give Silverheels' birthdate as 26 June 1912, though virtually all cinema reference works disagree, giving instead the 1919 date listed here. [PAR] Inducted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Abbey Road at 80: Pictures of the Beatles and more at the ... Abbey Road at 80: Pictures of the Beatles and more at the iconic studios - Mirror Online [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] From Star Wars soundtracks to The Beatles, the historic Abbey Road studios has played a key role in some of the most influential music of all time. [PAR] Now, as part of their year-long 80th anniversary celebrations, the iconic recording studios in North London have been letting the public in for a series of talks. [PAR] The Gramophone Company bought the Georgian townhouse for \u00a3100,000 in 1929, before opening it as a state-of-the-art recording studio in November 1931. [PAR] Sir Edward Elgar conducted London Symphony Orchestra at the opening ceremony, and it was mainly used for classical recordings for the first few decades. [PAR] Edward Elgar with conductor, Sir Adrian Boult and an orchestra in 1932 (Photo: Getty) [PAR] Violinist Sir Yehudi Menuhin and composer Sir Edward Elgar in 1933 (Photo: Getty) [PAR] [PAR] Miklos Rozsa conducting in 1974 as Abbey Road's importance to classical music continues (Photo: Redfearns) [PAR] The London Symphony Orchestra recording in Studio 1 in 1993 (Photo: Redfearns) [PAR] A long list of classic movie soundtracks have also been recorded at Abbey Road over the years, including five Star Wars films starting with Empire Strikes Back, the Lord of the Rings trilogy and Raiders of The Lost Ark. [PAR] It was even used for propaganda recordings for the British Government during the Second World War, while the first British artist to record a No.1 hit single there was Eddie Calvert in 1954. [PAR] But ever since 1958, when Cliff Richard recorded first European rock'n'roll single \"Move It\" there, Abbey Road has been intertwined in rock music history. [PAR] The Beatles are unquestionably the act most associated with Abbey Road, with the band having recorded 90 per cent of their output there with legendary producer George Martin at the helm. [PAR] I like to Move It Move It: Cliff Richard records Livin' Doll on 28 April 1958 (Photo: Redfearns) [PAR] George Martin, the Fifth Beatle, recorded hundreds of hits and misses. Photo circa 1960 (Photo: Reuters) [PAR] Backstage: George Harrison with his first wife Patti Boyd in 1966 (Photo: Getty) [PAR] Still going strong: Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and George Martin in 1995 (Photo: Reuters) [PAR] The band's first proper session in 1962 resulted in their first hit single Love Me Do while their final stint in 1969 saw them record their swansong album Abbey Road, named in tribute to the studio that had helped form their sound. [PAR] The album's sleeve provided Abbey Road's most famous moment in the spotlight, featuring the Fab Four walking in line over the zebra crossing outside the studio. [PAR] The zebra crossing has become a tourist honeypot with visitors looking to replicate the album cover scene themselves - so much so that English Heritage has given it listed status. [PAR] The Volkswagen Beetle parked next to the zebra crossing on the album sleeve belonged to one of the people living in a flat across from the recording studio. [PAR] Not just any old zebra crossing: Outside Abbey Road in 1994 (Photo: Mirrorpix/Alisdair MacDonald) [PAR] Not for turning: Thatcher walks across the zebra crossing in 1990 (Photo: Mirrorpix) [PAR] Tourist draw: A Beatles tribute band pose on August 8, 2009, the 40th anniversary of the iconic photo (Photo: AFP) [PAR] The original: The Beatles on the zebra crossing - and that Beetle car"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barack Obama elected as America\u2019s first black president ... Barack Obama elected as America\u2019s first black president - Nov 04, 2008 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Barack Obama elected as America\u2019s first black president [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Barack Obama elected as America\u2019s first black president [PAR] Author [PAR] Barack Obama elected as America\u2019s first black president [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 2008, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois defeats Senator John McCain of Arizona to become the 44th U.S. president, and the first African American elected to the White House. The 47-year-old Democrat garnered 365 electoral votes and nearly 53 percent of the popular vote, while his 72-year-old Republican challenger captured 173 electoral votes and more than 45 percent of the popular vote. Obama\u2019s vice-presidential running mate was Senator Joe Biden of Delaware, while McCain\u2019s running mate was Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska, the first female Republican ever nominated for the vice presidency. [PAR] Obama, who was born in 1961 in Hawaii to a white woman from Kansas and a black man from Kenya, graduated from Harvard Law School and was a law professor at the University of Chicago before launching his political career in 1996, when he was elected to the Illinois State Senate. He was re-elected to that post in 1998 and 2000. In March 2004, he shot to national prominence by winning the U.S. Senate Democratic primary in Illinois, and that July he gained further exposure when he delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in Boston, which included his eloquent call for unity among \u201cred\u201d (Republican) and \u201cblue\u201d (Democratic) states. That November, Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate in a landslide. [PAR] On February 10, 2007, in Springfield, Illinois, Obama officially announced his candidacy for president. A victory in the Iowa caucuses in January 2008 made him a viable challenger to the early frontrunner, Senator Hillary Clinton of New York, whom he outlasted in a grueling primary campaign to claim the Democratic nomination in early June 2008. [PAR] During the general-election campaign, as in the primaries, Obama\u2019s team worked to build a following at the grassroots level and used what his supporters viewed as the candidate\u2019s natural charisma, unique life story and inspiring message of hope and change to draw large crowds to his public appearances, both in the United States and on a campaign trip abroad. His team also worked to bring new voters\u2013many of them young or black, both demographics they believed favored Obama\u2013to become involved in the election. Additionally, the campaign was notable for its unprecedented use of the Internet for organizing constituents and fundraising. According to The Washington Post: \u201c3 million donors made a total of 6.5 million donations online adding up to more than $500 million. Of those 6.5 million donations, 6 million were in increments of $100 or less.\u201d [PAR] In terms of campaign issues, Obama pledged to get the United States out of the war in Iraq and expand health care, among other promises. A crushing national financial crisis in the months leading up to the election shifted the country\u2019s focus to the economy, and Obama and McCain each attempted to show he had the best plan for economic improvement. [PAR] On November 4, more than 69.4 million Americans cast their vote for Obama, while some 59.9 million voters chose McCain. (Obama was the first sitting U.S. senator to win the White House since John Kennedy in 1960.) Obama captured some traditional Republican strongholds (Virginia, Indiana) and key battleground states (Florida, Ohio) that had been won by Republicans in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barbra Streisand \u2014 Send in the Clowns \u2014 Listen, watch ... Barbra Streisand \u2014 Send in the Clowns \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] female vocalists [PAR] \"Send in the Clowns\" is a song by Stephen Sondheim from the 1973 musical A Little Night Music, an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film Smiles of a Summer Night. Sondheim wrote the song specifically for the actress Glynis Johns, who created the role of Desir\u00e9e on Broadway. The song is structured with four verses and a bridge, and uses a complex triple meter. It became Sondheim's most popular song after Judy Collins and Frank Sinatra recorded it in 1975. Subsequently\u2026 read more [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] Similar Tracks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Havasu City 2016: Best of Lake Havasu City, AZ ... Lake Havasu City 2017: Best of Lake Havasu City, AZ Tourism - TripAdvisor [PAR] Things to Do [PAR] More [PAR] Shimmering Lake Havasu, the centerpoint of Lake Havasu City, was formed in 1938 after the Parker Dam was built. It is perhaps most famous for the London Bridge that looms above it. Yes, the actual London Bridge, bought by the area's founding father, Robert McCullough, for $2,460,000, after the city of London put it up for auction in 1968. Today, Lake Havasu City is one of the most popular vacation destinations in Arizona and offers a range of recreational activities for families, couples and single travelers. Golf on championship courses, soak up the sun on the shores of Lake Havasu's beaches or explore nearby parks by foot and bicycle. Houseboats dot the lake and are available for rent along with paddle boats, kayaks, jet skis and other types of water sports equipment. Like most resort towns Lake Havasu is chock-full of hotels, restaurants, shops and non-stop action. [PAR] Read more Read less"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chef who created snail porridge cooks up bangers and mash ... Chef who created snail porridge cooks up bangers and mash for his television debut | The Independent [PAR] Chef who created snail porridge cooks up bangers and mash for his television debut [PAR] Thursday 16 February 2006 00:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Heston Blumenthal, the culinary pioneer whose most famous dish is snail porridge, is to join the ranks of the celebrity chefs Gordon Ramsay and Delia Smith by fronting a prime-time television series. [PAR] Rather than teach the public how to make his signature experimental dishes, such as green tea and lime mousse in liquid nitrogen, the chef will opt for more popular fare for a BBC2 show this summer. [PAR] He will apply his scientific approach, known as \"molecular gastronomy\" (a term he dislikes), to well-known dishes such as fish and chips and bangers and mash. A recipe at the end of each show of the series - Perfection: Heston Blumenthal - will explain how to cook the dish at home. [PAR] Blumenthal, who runs the Fat Duck in Bray, Oxfordshire, said: \"It's the Fat Duck approach but adapted to everyday dishes. We haven't necessarily gone for the most expensive ingredients but expense is not a consideration. If people can't get part of the equipment then we have found an alternative.\" [PAR] Blumenthal, one of a trio of British chefs with three Michelin stars, believes the series will spread his scientific approach and safeguard his financial future. A book accompanying the series is likely to sell well. [PAR] Like Jamie Oliver's Italy series for Channel 4, Blumenthal travelled with a film crew to France, Germany, Italy and the United States. But he had to do so before he had a risky \"spinal fusion\" operation in November that was to end decades of crippling back pain. After months recuperating, the 39-year-old chef is scheduled to finish the eight-part series in the studio by the end of next month. [PAR] Due for broadcast in August, the show features six savoury dishes: fish and chips, bangers and mash, spaghetti bolognese, pizza, steak and salad, and roast chicken and potato; and two desserts: treacle tart and Black Forest gateau. [PAR] For each dish, Blumenthal examined the properties of the individual ingredients, and investigated how to prepare and cook them. [PAR] His research on pizza took him to Naples, where he saw how the pizza flour was made in a flourmill, tested the gluten in the dough, checked levels of pectin in the tomatoes and the temperature of the ovens. For the perfect pizza, his search took him to a New York strip joint, the Penthouse Executive Club, reputed to serve the best steak in the world. [PAR] He said: \"We had this bizarre evening where we were eating steak with women taking their clothes off in the background. It was the best steak I have had.\" [PAR] For the Black Forest gateau, the chef went to Germany and had a perfumer recreate the smell of kirsch. To create the best fish and chips, he tested 25 varieties of potato. The bangers and mash programme involved a trip to a pig farm in Northumberland. Although well known to foodies, the show will raise the public profile of Blumenthal, whose most high-profile television work was a five-minute slot on BBC2's Full On Food last year. [PAR] He filmed a series, Kitchen Chemistry, for the Discovery satellite channel five years ago but said he considered Perfection to be his first proper television series. [PAR] He said"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Professionals - TV.com The Professionals - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com [PAR] EDIT [PAR] THE PROFESSIONALS (1977 - 1983) \"Anarchy, acts of terror, crimes against the public. To combat it I've got special men - experts from the Army, the Police - from every service. These are The Professionals.\" The Professionals is one of British television's most popular and successful action series of the 1970s and 80s. At their peak in 1980 The Pros were earning as many as 17.6 million viewers. The A Squad The Professionals began life in early 1977, provisionally titled The A-Squad, in an idea conceived by Brian Clemens, the then head of the independent TV company Avengers Mark I Productions. His aim was to create a rival for Thames television's hugely successful long-running police series The Sweeney. Bodie, Doyle and Cowley could have looked very different to how we remember them as. A number of very different actors were considered for the three central roles, with neither of the final chosen team being the original choices. The final three were more or less drafted in when the first choice stars either declined or were axed. Gordon Jackson (formerly the distinctly unmenacing Butler Hudson in Upstairs Downstairs) and Martin Shaw (whose first TV appearance was as a hippie in 1960s Coronation Street) were first to be cast. During the filming of the first episode, Old Dog with New Tricks Bodie was in fact played by Anthony Andrews. Unfortunately, old mates Shaw and Andrews spent much of the time cracking up with laughter - hardly a recipe for ensuring the renowned edgy banter between the two leads. Lewis Collins (best known by this time as Gavin Rumsey in comedy series The Cuckoo Waltz) was brought in to play Bodie, with Andrews being given the heave-ho. Collins and Shaw had previously worked together just months earlier in an episode of The New Avengers, and were cast alongside each other again thanks to the 'sparky, abrasive' on-screen partnership that they generated. In other words, they didn't particularly like each other! But with the central cast complete, filming began on 20 June 1977, with the first episode Private Madness Public Danger debuting on Friday 30 December 1977. Criminal Intelligence 5 The basis of The Professionals was CI5 - Criminal Intelligence 5 - an organisation lead by surly Scotsman George Cowley (played by Gordon Jackson), a former MI5 head who founded the team as an 'umbrella organisation' to help alleviate London's ever-increasing level of criminal activity. CI5 consisted of up to forty men and women agents, but the main action was centred around Cowley's two top operatives; William Andrew Philip Bodie (Agent 3.7) and Raymond Doyle (4.5). Bodie (Lewis Collins) - he of the close-cropped hair, polo necks and smart suits - was a mercenary in Africa, who deserted the Merchant Navy to join the Paras and later the SAS, before being signed up to CI5 by Cowley. He was, on the surface, an uncompromising thug with a penchant for the 'hit first, ask questions later' theory - thinking nothing of causing 'damage' to a suspect if it meant getting the right results. Doyle (Martin Shaw) was a former Docklands Police Constable, and his more placid nature was reflected in his memorable bubble-perm hairstyle and casual clothing attire (i.e. old plaid jackets and skintight jeans). However, he possessed a tougher streak to match that of Bodie if ever riled by a particularly awkward suspect. Chalk and Cheese The show's major appeal lay in its well-balanced mix of strong acting and direction, coupled with Bodie and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olmec Civilization - lessonsite.com Olmec Civilization [PAR] Olmec Civilization [PAR] 1200 BC- 600 AD [PAR] [PAR] The Olmecs were a culture of ancient peoples of the East Mexico lowlands. They are often regarded as the Mother Culture of later Middle American civilizations. The Olmec people called themselves Xi (pronounced Shi). [PAR] Portrait of a man. This life-sized greenstone head was found at Tenango del Valle, Mexico State, surprisingly a distance west from the Olmec heartland of Veracruz and Tabasco. [PAR] GEOGRAPHY [PAR] The Olmec domain extended from the Tuxtlas mountains in the west to the lowlands of the Chontalpa in the east, a region with significant variations in geology and ecology. Over 170 Olmec monuments have been found within the area, and eighty percent of those occur at the three largest Olmec centers, La Venta, Tabasco (38%), San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, Veracruz (30%), and Laguna de los Cerros, Veracruz (12%). [PAR] Those three major Olmec centers are spaced from east to west across the domain so that each center could exploit, control, and provide a distinct set of natural resources valuable to the overall Olmec economy. La Venta, the eastern center, is near the rich estuaries of the coast, and also could have provided cacao, rubber, and salt. San Lorenzo, at the center of the Olmec domain, controlled the vast flood plain area of Coatzacoalcos basin and riverline trade routes. Laguna de los Cerros, adjacent to the Tuxtlas mountains, is positioned near important sources of basalt, a stone needed to manufacture manos, metates, and monuments. Perhaps marriage alliances between Olmec centers helped maintain such an exchange network. [PAR] CALENDARS - MATHEMATICS [PAR] The Olmecs were clever mathematicians and astronomers who made accurate calendars. [PAR] The epi-Olmec - from 31B.C. - the peoples who subsequently inhabited the same lands and were probably descended at least in part from the Olmec, seem to have been the earliest users of the bar and dot system of recording time. [PAR] Detail of Long Count Date [PAR] The low relief on this stone shows the detail from a four-digit numerical recording, read as 15.6.16.18. The vigesimal (or base-20) counting system has been used across Mesoamerica. A value of 5 is represented by a bar, and a value of 1 is represented by a dot, such that the three bars and single dot here stands for 16. The Maya would later adopt this counting system for their Long Count calendar. The date in this relief is the oldest recorded date in Mesoamerica, corresponding to a day in the year 31 B.C. [PAR] WRITING [PAR] The Olmec writing is unique. Both the Olmec and epi-Olmec had hieroglyphic writing systems. Olmec is a syllabic writing system used in the Olmec heartland from 900 BC- AD 450. The Olmec had both a syllabic and hieroglyphic script. The hieroglyphic signs were simply Olmec syllabic signs used to make pictures. There are two forms of Olmec hieroglyphic writing : the pure hieroglyphics ( or picture signs); and the phonetic hieroglyphics, which are a combination of syllabic and logographic signs. [PAR] The decipherment of the Olmec writing of ancient Mexico provides us with keen insight into the world of the Olmec. Scholars have long recognized that the Olmecs engraved many sysmbols or signs on pottery, statuettes, batons/scepters, stelas and bas reliefs that have been recognized as a possible form of writing. [PAR] SOCIETY [PAR] Many early scholars were reluctant to believe that a society as sophisticated as the Olmec could have developed in the tropical habitat of the Gulf coast, and some hypothesized that the Olmec had originally migrated from elsewhere."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dressmaker: Beryl Bainbridge: 9780786703227: Amazon ... The Dressmaker: Beryl Bainbridge: 9780786703227: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Beryl Bainbridge [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] From AudioFile [PAR] English actor and audiobook reader Jacqueline King performs this thickly British story with the skill necessary to enliven five distinct characters and stitch them all together through the lucid prose of the novel's guiding narrator. In that the story is beautifully constructed to begin with, the listener is in for a fine artistic experience. The setting is Liverpool, 1944. The war pressures na\u00efve teenaged Rita to dream beyond the fortified shores of her own country. The town is full of Yanks who come from the land of Hollywood. Rita claims one for herself, but her two aunts, who have raised her, see more and less in him than Rita suspects. The ending is inspired and in itself gives reason why this book was runner-up for the Booker Prize. The recording quality is hissy (muffled with Dolby), but it strangely adds to the atmosphere if one knows how radios used to sound during those dark, uncertain days. P.W. Winner of AudioFile Earphones Award \u00a9 AudioFile 2002, Portland, Maine-- Copyright \u00a9 AudioFile, Portland, Maine --This text refers to the Hardcover edition. [PAR] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . [PAR] New York Times best sellers [PAR] Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Publisher: Carroll & Graf Publishers (July 1996) [PAR] Language: English [PAR] Product Dimensions: 8.2 x 5.4 x 0.4 inches [PAR] Shipping Weight: 6.4 ounces [PAR] By Cariola VINE VOICE on December 12, 2016 [PAR] Format: Kindle Edition|Verified Purchase [PAR] After reading several novels by Bainbridge, I've come to the conclusion that I will never be a huge fan. I didn't outright dislike them; they just didn't do much for me. Aside from a few moments, this one was pretty milquetoast until the very end, when something unexpected occurs--and then it just stops with no satisfying conclusion. I guess the point she is making is simply to show how insular this particular family is. Nellie, the dressmaker of the title though perhaps not the main character, is in a love/hate relationship with his sister, Margo. The two share their home with \"our Rita,\" the seventeen-year old daughter of their brother, Jack. When his wife died, Jack sold his house, gave Rita into the care of his sisters, and moved into a flat above a butcher shop. He is still extremely involved in all of their lives, but Rita, who knows he is her father, calls him \"Uncle Jack,\" probably just to go along with Auntie Nellie\" and \"Auntie Margo.\" Nellie is the reserved, responsible one; Margo is the daring and sometimes wild one. She had been married to a soldier who came back from the trenches suffering from the effects of gas attacks. It was Nellie, however, who nursed him until his death. [PAR] Set in the aftermath of World War II, the story revolves around young Rita falling in love with an American GI named Ira. As teenage girls still do, Rita initially hides her beau from her family, using the ploy that she is visiting her friend Cissie--whom the aunts have never met. If you like reading about the sappiness of teenagers in love, this part of the story should appeal to you, because Rita is one of the sappiest. There are the usual dreams of marrying Ira and flying off"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Radio 4 - The Archers - Debbie Aldridge BBC Radio 4 - The Archers - Debbie Aldridge [PAR] Debbie Aldridge [PAR] Debbie's a woman who likes to get what she wants. [PAR] Fact title [PAR] Lives in: [PAR] Hungary [PAR] Unlucky in love first time around, her marriage to lecturer Simon Gerrard was shortlived. She sought solace in her work, becoming the shining light and advocate for her father's business. She's based in Hungary, running a very large dairy and arable farm for a consortium. She also managed at a distance the Berrow Estate for Borchester Land - until Novemeber 2014, when they sacked her. [PAR] Accused by Adam of being Brian's favourite, her decisions regarding the Estate have not always been popular. For a while, the birth of Ruairi brought her closer to her brother - until she proposed a mega-dairy which threatened the future of Adam's livestock enterprises. [PAR] Debbie once had a serious relationship with a fellow farm manager in Hungary, Marshall Latham. But it didn't last. Brian was suspicious of Marshall anyway. He made cakes. [PAR] Let me do the talking, Dad. [PAR] Debbie Aldridge [PAR] Likes - Good wine, good company, travel [PAR] Dislikes - Being seen as the favourite, her father's infidelity [PAR] Highs - Being put in charge of managing the Estate land [PAR] Lows - Discovering Brian's affair; her acrimonious divorce, being sacked from the Estate job [PAR] Ruairi Donovan (Stepbrother) [PAR] Tamsin on Debbie [PAR] Debbie Aldridge is the sharp-witted, independent, farmer business-woman, step-daughter of a wealthy capitalist farmer philanderer. She likes to ride her horse, her life and her family with expert control. [PAR] Tamsin Greig [PAR] Tamsin was born in Kent in 1966 and describes herself as having been the temperamental and noisy middle child of an expressive mother and a much older father. She took part in numerous school plays so it seemed logical to continue her interest in drama by studying the subject at the University of Birmingham - which was just across the road from the BBC studios where The Archers was recorded. [PAR] Upon graduating, Tamsin's first job was for the Family Planning Association - \"I used to know everything about contraception!\" She then worked at the Midland Art Centre's Children's Theatre and, after 115 performances of the same show, got her Equity Card and consequently more offers of work. [PAR] Tamsin describes her offer of the role as Debbie in The Archers as \"coming completely out of the blue\" in 1991. She is still amazed by her good fortune, especially as the Archers production team has been so flexible and created the 'Hungary' option. [PAR] Tamsin has undertaken theatre roles, voice-over, television and film work. Television includes BBC productions Happiness (with Paul Whitehouse), People Like Us and The World Of Pub; Channel 4's comedy series Black Books; HTV's Wycliffe and LWT's Blind Men. She has filmed Miranda and Pure and has narrated for the National Geographic, History and BBC Natural History channels. [PAR] Other TV work includes: Green Wing (Channel 4); The Lenny Henry Show; Love Soup; When I'm 64 (a television film for the BBC); and Episodes, with Matt le Blanc (Joey from Friends). [PAR] Films include \"Shaun Of The Dead\"; and \"Cheese Makes You Dream\". [PAR] Tamsin lives in London with her husband and actor Rick Leaf, whom she met while working on a television series, Neverwhere, for the BBC. They have three children and enjoy going to the park. [PAR] Archers highlights [PAR] Debbie being the one to find out first about Brian and Siobhan and then confronting"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elton John - Biography - IMDb Elton John - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Elton John [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 181 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (106) | Personal Quotes (62) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 7\u00be\" (1.72 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Sir Elton John is one of pop music's great survivors. Born 25 March, 1947, as Reginald Kenneth Dwight, he started to play the piano at the early age of four. At the age of 11, he won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music. His first band was called Bluesology. He later auditioned (unsuccessfully) as lead singer for the progressive rock bands King Crimson and Gentle Giant. Dwight teamed up with lyricist Bernie Taupin and changed his name to Elton John (merging the names of saxophonist Elton Dean and Long John Baldry ). The duo wrote songs for Lulu and Roger Cook . In the early 1970s, he recorded the concept album \"Tumbleweed Connection.\" He became the most successful pop artist of the 1970s, and he has survived many different pop fads including punk, the New Romantics and Britpop to remain one of Britain's most internationally acclaimed musicians. [PAR] Elton John announced he was a bisexual in 1976, and in 1984, he married Renate Blauel. The marriage lasted four years before he finally came to terms with the fact that he was actually homosexual. In the 1970s and 1980s, he suffered from drug and alcohol addiction and bulimia but came through it. He is well known as a campaigner for AIDS research and he keeps his finger on the pulse of modern music, enjoying artists such as Eminem , Radiohead , Coldplay and Robbie Williams . He was knighted in 1997. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Trivia (106) [PAR] 1979: He was the first Western rock star to perform in Israel and the USSR. [PAR] He was awarded the CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in 1996 and awarded Knighthood of the British Empire in the 1998 Queen's New Years Honors List for his services to music and fundraising for AIDS charities. [PAR] Grammy award winning singer. [PAR] 9/5/97: Performed a new version of \"Candle in the Wind\", in tribute to Princess Diana at her funeral, with new lyrics specially written by Bernie Taupin . [PAR] Changed his name legally to Elton Hercules John. He chose the middle name \"Hercules\" not after the hero of mythology, but after the horse named Hercules on the British sitcom Steptoe and Son (1962). [PAR] 1995: Awarded the Polar Music Prize, the Royal Swedish Academy of Music Award. [PAR] 1992: Decided that all profits from his singles would be donated to AIDS charities and formed the Elton John AIDS Foundation. The foundation has become one of the world's largest nonprofit AIDS organizations. [PAR] At age 11, he entered the Royal Academy of Music, but quit just before graduation to pursue a rock career. [PAR] He was twice a former Chairman of Watford Football Club. [PAR] Inducted into the American Songwriters Hall of Fame (1992) and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1994). [PAR] He was good friends with the late rock singer Freddie Mercury and performed at the Freddie Mercury tribute concert. [PAR] Reformed drug addict, alcoholic and bulimic. Has epilepsy. [PAR] Christmas hits: \"Step into Christmas\" (1973) and \"Cold as Christmas (In the Middle of the Year)\" (1983). [PAR] Dusty Springfield sang backing vocals on his song \"The Bitch is Back\". [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sofitel Biarritz Le Miramar Thalassa | We Heart Sofitel Biarritz Le Miramar Thalassa | We Heart [PAR] Sofitel Biarritz Le Miramar Thalassa [PAR] checking into French resort's splendid Sofitel... [PAR] Lisa Davidson \u0095 [PAR] 1 October, 2012 [PAR] What catches your attention as soon as you step inside this hotel is the fragrance from the fresh flowers, and scented candles, adorning the large reception area. There\u2019s a warmth \u2013 like a home from home \u2013 and immediately you feel relaxed. [PAR] The Sofitel Biarritz Le Miramar Thalassa \u2013 part of the French luxury chain \u2013 is one of very few hotels in the area with a Thalassotherapy centre. Surprising really, as the fascination with freeing your mind and listening to your body through the virtues of sea-water is big news in Biarritz. [PAR] Located in south-western France, the city is compact, more of a town really. It lies on the Atlantic coast\u2019s Bay of Biscay, and holds onto its reputation as an upscale seaside resort. Although it still retains some of the glitz and glamour of yesteryear \u2013 in the 1850s it was frequented by the British royal family \u2013 today, it\u2019s feeling a little washed out\u2026 there\u2019s a definite casual vibe brought into town by the many surfers, and there\u2019s a charming air of faded glamour. It\u2019s like an old Hollywood star who\u2019s fallen on hard times, but never lost the elegant swagger that made her who she was. [PAR] The hotel overlooks the popular surfer spot of the Grand Plage, one of six beaches along a six-kilometre coastline \u2013 and is only a short 10 minute walk into the town. The relaxed Biarritz vibe continues into the hotel, where guests wander the public spaces (around the pool and even at the breakfast table) in their Sofitel bathrobe and slippers. At first I was rather bemused by this peculiar cult, but it didn\u2019t take long before I too was heading to the pool each morning dressed exactly the same, although I did draw the line at under-dressing in such a manner at breakfast. [PAR] And what a pool area it is. I\u2019d looked online before arriving and the images I\u2019d encountered did not do it justice. It\u2019s a rectangle pool, nothing special there, but heated and filled with saltwater and has the most stunning backdrop of the beach and its jagged outcrops. Looking out to the left, you can see down to the Casino and beyond, and to the right, the Biarritz Lighthouse (dating back to 1831) looming 73 metres above sea level. [PAR] The sun loungers were plentiful and comfortable, and dotted around the pool were peculiar coloured objects, I\u2019m not too sure if they were seats or not, but me being me, gave it a go, just the once mind. It has a pleasant shaded patio \u2013 dark wicker sofas with plush white cushions \u2013 a perfect spot for enjoying a cold drink and people watching and the hotel\u2019s outdoor bar Le \u201cB\u201d C\u00f4t\u00e9 Terrase does some killer cocktails, and tapas-style light bites. [PAR] The terrace and adjoining indoor restaurant is where you have breakfast \u2013 we were lucky enough to sit outdoors each morning due to the warm mid-September sun, and splurged on fresh fruit, french breads, baguettes, cheeses, pastries and cr\u00eapes. Nothing was too much trouble for the staff, something which strongly resonated throughout the whole hotel. [PAR] Although sadly we never made it into the spa for any treatments, we did check out the fitness and relaxation area. The small gym overlooks the promenade as does the heated indoor pool area with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Cricket | Laws & Equipment BBC SPORT | Cricket | Laws & Equipment [PAR] Laws & Equipment [PAR] Fully understand the lbw law with our illustrated guide [PAR] THE BASICS [PAR] Do you know all the ways a batsman can get out? [PAR] CRICKET FOR BEGINNERS [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2016 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read more. [PAR] This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grand National win for Red Marauder - Home - BBC News BBC SPORT | Special Events | 2001 | Grand National | Grand National win for Red Marauder [PAR] Saturday, 7 April, 2001, 15:00 GMT 16:00 UK [PAR] Grand National win for Red Marauder [PAR] Richard Guest and Red Marauder led just four home [PAR] Result: 1. Red Marauder (33/1); 2. Smarty (16/1); 3. Blowing Wind (16/1); 4. Papillon (14/1). [PAR] Red Marauder won an amazing Grand National, with only four finishers coming home at Aintree. [PAR] Persistent rain in Liverpool in the days leading up to the race left the Aintree course very soft and the heavy going accounted for most of the 40-strong field. [PAR] Red Marauder, ridden by Richard Guest, was an unfancied horse at 33/1 after only making it as far as Becher's Brook last year. [PAR] Timmy Murphy brought Smarty home in second place, with Tony McCoy and Blowing Wind in third. [PAR] He (Red Marauder) just didn't want to go down [PAR] Winning jockey Richard Guest [PAR] Last year's winner Papillon under Ruby Walsh finished fourth. [PAR] The good news was that all the horses competing were reported fine after the race. [PAR] A delighted Guest said: \"I've never run in worse conditions. I was in two minds whether we should be out there. [PAR] \"He (Red Marauder) nearly went down five times.\" [PAR] The winner is owned and trained by Norman Mason, and naturally he went through a rollercoaster of emotions during the race. [PAR] \"That was absolutely fantastic,\" said Mason. \"I was in tears. [PAR] \"I have never had such emotion in my life, apart from my wife having a baby. [PAR] \"I have never seen a race like that in my 25 years of racing.\" [PAR] Chinese influence [PAR] Mason confirmed that Red Marauder had taken his name from the Chinese quarter of Toronto where all the buildings are red. [PAR] And the horse was sure to have plenty of support in China where the race was being screened live for the first time. [PAR] Red Marauder and Smarty were at one stage the only two horses running - and both riders sensibly eased the pace. [PAR] I looked up at the big screen and saw there were only two horses still racing. I shouted to Ruby, 'come on, lets get back up' [PAR] Tony McCoy [PAR] But as they approached the second last, Guest moved Red Marauder into the lead and went on to win by a distance. [PAR] Champion jockey Tony McCoy completed the National for the first time after remounting Blowing Wind, which had fallen at the 19th. [PAR] It was the same fence that accounted for Papillon - but Ruby Walsh responded in a similar fashion to McCoy by climbing back aboard. [PAR] \"I looked up at the big screen and saw there were only two horses still racing,\" said McCoy. \"I shouted to Ruby, 'come on, lets get back up'. [PAR] And the two riders stayed together to help each other around the course, until McCoy moved his horse away after the final fence. [PAR] McCoy added: \"I enjoyed it but I'm gutted because I was travelling well. A loose horse brought me down and stopped me from having a chance of winning.\" [PAR] Highly-fancied pairing Beau and Edmond both fell when in the leading ranks. [PAR] The Chair, the 15th of the 30 fences, accounted for Edmond. [PAR] Jockey Richard Johnson revealed: \"He got a little bit blind going into it and put his foot into the ditch.\" [PAR] WATCH/LISTEN"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First World War.com - Who's Who - Kaiser Wilhelm II First World War.com - Who's Who - Kaiser Wilhelm II [PAR] What's New [PAR] Who's Who - Kaiser Wilhelm II [PAR] Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859-1941), Germany's last Kaiser, was born in Potsdam in 1859, the son of Frederick III and Victoria, daughter of Queen Victoria. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Wilhelm's upbringing was strict and authoritarian. He was educated first at the Kassel Gymnasium and then at the University of Bonn. [PAR] Wilhelm became emperor of Germany in 1888 following the death of Frederick II. At the time of his accession Otto von Bismarck was still German Chancellor; however he was effectively dismissed from office by Wilhelm II two years later. The elderly Bismarck proved unable - or unwilling - to manipulate the new Kaiser as he had his predecessor. [PAR] Wilhelm was an overtly militaristic man, and believed fervently in increasing the strength of Germany's armed forces. In particular he was keen to develop a German navy the equal of Britain's Royal Navy, encouraged by Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz ; the latter desire prompted the Liberal administration of the 1900's to finance rearmament of the Royal Navy. [PAR] Wilhelm's policy towards Britain was by turns contradictory. Whilst supporting South Africa during the Second Boer War of 1899-1902, he attempted a reconciliation shortly afterwards. He held a senior position within the British armed forces; and he confessed that he could not envisage a war with Britain. Yet he publicly criticised King Edward VII, whom he described as Satan. Even after war was declared in August 1914 he wrote that war would never have occurred had Queen Victoria, who died in 1901, still held the British throne. [PAR] Wilhelm suffered a nervous breakdown in 1908, consequently playing a lesser role in the government of Germany for the following few years. Wilhelm was, however, no friend of democracy. [PAR] Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary on 28 June 1914, Wilhelm and his Chancellor, Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg , incited Austria-Hungary to exact revenge against Serbia. Events spiralled throughout July resulting in the First World War ( click here to read Wilhelm's views of the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum). [PAR] Wilhelm appeared not to foresee the consequences of an Austro-Hungarian attack on Serbia, pulling France, Russia and Britain into the war. Too late he attempted to scale back German involvement: he was firmly dissuaded by the German military. ( Click here to read Wilhelm's account of the events of July 1914.) [PAR] Wilhelm operated as Commander in Chief of the German armed forces throughout the war. Notwithstanding this, the German military operated under its own effective control: Wilhelm was essentially a figurehead. Wilhelm opposed the replacement of Erich Falkenhayn with Paul von Hindenburg in August 1916, but the dismissal of Falkenhayn took place nonetheless. [PAR] Despite the great push of Spring 1918, which nearly won the war for Germany, Germany's ability to win the war in 1918 collapsed, as U.S. involvement took on real form, and shortages at home in Germany spun out of control. It became clear that Germany was set to lose the war. [PAR] With revolution spreading to Berlin, Wilhelm was forced to abdicate on 9 November 1918. Chancellor Max von Baden pre-empted Wilhelm's decision by announcing his abdication to the public . Wilhelm sought exile in Holland , where he lived for the rest of his life. Holland refused to extradite Wilhelm as a war criminal to the Allies following the Armistice . [PAR] The text of Kaiser Wilhelm II's abdication proclamation: [PAR] I herewith renounce for all"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] petition: End subsidies for Drax power station in the UK ... petition: End subsidies for Drax power station in the UK!, United Kingdom [PAR] End subsidies for Drax power station in the UK! [PAR] by: Biofuelwatch [PAR] target: Secretary of State for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy and the Minister of State for Energy, United Kingdom [PAR] Drax power station in Yorkshire, England, burns more coal than any other power station in the UK, and more wood than any power station in the world. During 2015, Drax burned more wood than was produced in the whole of the UK that year. [PAR] Most of the wood Drax burns comes from North America, and much of that is sourced from clearcut wetland hardwood forests in the southern US. These are North America\u2019s most biodiverse forests and amongst the world\u2019s most diverse aquatic ecosystems, home to the greatest concentration of salamander and carnivorous plant species. Most wetland hardwood forests in the US have already been destroyed, mainly for paper. Now the remaining fragments are being clearcut to burn in European power stations, primarily at Drax. [PAR] Drax\u2019s wood burning is also disastrous for the climate. Studies show that burning wood pellets for electricity can put more carbon into the atmosphere than burning coal, over a timescale of several decades. Alongside wood pellets, Drax still burns millions of tonnes of coal every year. A recent report showed that Drax is sourcing coal from Colombia and Russia, where indigenous communities have been forcefully evicted from their lands for coal mine expansion, to feed UK power stations. [PAR] Burning wood pellets is allowing Drax to continue burning coal long into the future. The generous renewable energy subsidies it receives are a de-facto support for coal burning, was well as wood burning, as the power station can only stay open because of them. Last year, Drax\u2019s subsidies amounted to \u00a3451.8 million \u2013 over \u00a31.3 million every single day. [PAR] Please call on the Secretary of State for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy and the Minister of State for Energy to withdraw Drax's renewable energy subsidies, and make a commitment that no more shall be awarded to the power station in future. Clean energy subsidies must be spent on genuinely renewable, low-carbon energy. [PAR] read petition letter \u25be [PAR] Dear Secretary of State for BEIS and Minister of State for Energy, [PAR] We are deeply concerned that the UK government is continuing to award Drax power station with millions in renewable energy subsidies. Drax is now the largest biomass power station in the world, and still the biggest coal burning power station in the UK. [PAR] Last year Drax Plc was awarded \u00a3451.8 million in renewable energy subsidies, a figure that far exceeds the company's gross profit for 2015, which was \u00a3409 million, and shows just how dependent the company is on subsidies to remain profitable. [PAR] Drax's subsidies have shot up from the previous year, by almost half, and they're set to keep on growing. Once 50% of the power station has been converted to biomass, Drax can look forward to over \u00a3600 million every year. That's equivalent to over \u00a31.6 million a day. [PAR] But there's a huge amount of evidence that Drax's biomass is anything but low carbon, and on top of this, that its biomass sourcing is resulting in the destruction of some of the world's most biodiverse temperate forests, in the southern US. [PAR] Biomass burning at Drax is also allowing the power station's remaining coal capacity to stay operational for longer, meaning that the renewable energy subsidies it receives"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Visits to the Gallery of the House of Commons Visits to the Gallery of the House of Commons [PAR] Weekly Information Bulletin: 9th December 2000 [PAR] Visits to the Gallery of the House of Commons [PAR] The Strangers' Gallery is open whilst the House sits - usually 14.30-22.30 or later on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays, 11.30-7.30 on Thursdays, and 09.30-15.00 on most Fridays. You can check whether the House will be sitting by telephoning 020-7219 4272 or by listening to the recorded announcement of business (please note that this service has now ceased and the information can be found on the Parliamentary calendar) . . [PAR] Attending on Monday - Thursday afternoons [PAR] It is difficult to secure a place in the Gallery during the afternoon (Question Time takes place on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays 14.30 hours to 15.30 (with the Prime Minister answering from 15.00 to 15.30 on Wednesdays) and on Thursdays from 11.30 to 12.30. [PAR] To attend at this time, United Kingdom residents should write as far in advance as possible (several weeks' notice may be necessary) to their local Member of Parliament (the House of Commons Information Office can advise who this is if there is doubt). Members have only a small allocation of tickets, and by no means for every day. It is therefore usually difficult for them to meet requests for tickets for specific days. [PAR] Foreign [PAR] and Commonwealth visitors can apply to their Embassy or High Commission in the UK for a card of introduction, which will normally permit entry during the early afternoon. Embassies and High Commissions may issue no more than four cards on any day, so visitors from certain countries may find cards are booked for several weeks ahead. Please note that such cards do not guarantee entry at 14.30. Quite often, it will not be possible to admit their bearers until after Question Time - that is, after 15.30. British embassies abroad do not issue such cards. [PAR] Australian [PAR] and Canadian visitors may apply to the London office of their province or state as an alternative to their High Commission. [PAR] People from the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, British colonies, and Commonwealth territories unrepresented in London, may apply to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (020-7219 5378) for tickets. [PAR] If none of these arrangements is made, one may join the public queue outside St Stephen's Entrance. But a wait of 1 or 2 hours is common during the afternoons. [PAR] Attending on Wednesday mornings and Fridays [PAR] It is usually fairly easy to get into the Gallery on these days. Advance bookings for Fridays, through Members of Parliament may be made; but it is normally possible to enter the Gallery, without queuing, at the commencement of the day's proceedings. Later in the day a queue tends to develop and some delay is inevitable. On Wednesdays the Gallery is cleared at 14.00 to allow people with tickets obtained from their MP to attend Question Time. [PAR] On some of these days the Gallery is likely to be full. [PAR] Attending in the evenings Monday to Thursday [PAR] Generally speaking, after ticket holders have left the Gallery and the afternoon queue has been cleared, there is not, except during controversial debates, too much pressure on places in the Gallery. Visitors who wish to minimise waiting times should therefore arrive at about 18.00 or later. The House sits until 22.30 or after on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday: the gallery remains open during this time. The Information Office can advise what is to be debated. NB For the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When British football managers thrived in Spain | Football ... When British football managers thrived in Spain | Football | The Guardian [PAR] Guardian Sport Network [PAR] When British football managers thrived in Spain [PAR] Clubs in La Liga are not rushing to appoint another British manager after Real Sociedad\u2019s failed experiment with David Moyes , but there was a time when clubs in the UK worried about their best young coaches migrating to jobs in Spain [PAR] Monday 16 November 2015 07.20 EST [PAR] Last modified on Monday 4 April 2016 07.47 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] There\u2019s always something for British football to wring its hands about. Ten years ago it was foreign owners in \u201cour\u201d game. Before that, foreign players. In the 1980s, among other things, it was the \u201ctalent drain\u201d of managers heading off to foreign lands was troubling the fretters of the nation. [PAR] \u201cI hope Spain has now had its fair share as far as Everton is concerned,\u201d huffed then Toffees chairman Philip Carter in 1987. \u201cIt is a real problem for British football and there are moves afoot to liberalise the situation even further \u2026 it should be of great concern to those involved with our national game.\u201d [PAR] Carter was speaking after Howard Kendall, having just won his second league title with Everton, had left Goodison Park to take charge of Athletic Bilbao . Russell Thomas wrote in the Guardian that Kendall\u2019s move \u201cconfirms the most depressing trend in British football: the drift of talent, player and managerial, to the continent,\u201d while, in the Times, Stuart Jones said Kendall\u2019s departure represented \u201canother disturbing signpost. It points to the continuing decline of individual talent, whether it be on the pitch or on the periphery of it.\u201d [PAR] How Howard Kendall saved his job at Everton and won the FA Cup in 1984 [PAR] Read more [PAR] Of course, British and Irish managers moving to Spain was nothing new. The early history of many Spanish clubs is littered with names such as Patrick O\u2019Connell, Arthur Johnson, Robert Firth and Frederick Pentland, the latter known as \u201cThe Bowler Hat\u201d because of his favoured headgear. Indeed, the rough Spanish equivalent of \u201cgaffer\u201d is \u201cmister\u201d, which partly came about due to the early prevalence of British coaches in the country. [PAR] However, 1987 seemed to be the peak of a minor exodus, inspired by the huge success of English teams in Europe, success that was then stymied by the five-year ban after Heysel. British coaches were tempted abroad with the promise of, among other things, continental competition, although the lifestyle and salaries probably helped too. [PAR] Kendall\u2019s move to Spain was at least partly inspired by the English ban from Europe. \u201cWould I have stayed if we hadn\u2019t been banned?\u201d he said in an interview earlier this year. \u201cProbably, yes. We would have been involved in Europe again. But when your top players are allowed to leave, as Trevor Steven and Gary Stevens did, it takes some rebuilding.\u201d [PAR] Kendall managed Bilbao for two seasons; Terry Venables won the league with Barcelona; Jock Wallace took charge of Sevilla for a while; and Ron Atkinson had a brief spell as Atl\u00e9tico Madrid boss. Colin Addison took Celta Vigo up from the second tier then served as Atkinson\u2019s assistant, taking over upon his dismissal, while John Mortimore, Chelsea stalwart of the 50s and 60s who won the league twice in two spells with Benfica, had a year in charge of Real Betis. In the summer of 1987, seven of the 20 managers in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Reagan on economics and political parties, 1962 ... Ronald Reagan on economics and political parties, 1962 | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History [PAR] Ronald Reagan on economics and political parties, 1962 [PAR] A primary source by Ronald Reagan [PAR] View this item in the Collection. [PAR] In May 1962, Ronald Reagan wrote this letter expressing his ideas about economic policy and the nation\u2019s political parties. Reagan wrote as a supporter of the conservative Republican Senator Barry Goldwater. Reagan had spent much of his political career campaigning and voting for Democrats, but throughout the 1950s his increasingly conservative views turned him toward the Republican Party. In this letter, he writes, \u201cI myself have been a life long Dem. but no longer.\u201d Reagan had only recently switched parties\u2014he refrained from officially becoming a Republican until after the 1960 presidential election so that he could campaign as a \u201cDemocrat for Nixon.\u201d Reagan believed that the Democratic Party had become too liberal, especially concerning economic issues. Here, he writes of \u201cturning to the Rep. party\u201d and making it \u201cthe organ for Economic conservatism.\u201d [PAR] A full transcript is available. [PAR] [PAR] May 26 [PAR] Dear Mr. Ward [PAR] Thanks very much for your kind letter. You ask if there is anything more to be done than writing to Cong. & Senators. At the moment with regard to the Herlong\u2013Baker bill (H.R. 3000\u20133001) this writing is very important. Sen. Barry Goldwater says \u201conly a flood of mail\u201d will get this bill out of committee. [PAR] We should write the \u201cHouse Ways & Means Committee\u201d urging them to past the bill before Congress. We should also write our Rep. & Senators. Most important we should urge all our friends to do the same and if we belong to organizations get them to pass resolutions endorsing the bill and send these resolutions to Wash. [PAR] As for a 3rd party I think we could save effort by turning to the Rep. party (I myself have been a life long Dem. but no longer) and by our very numbers force that party to be the organ for Economic conservatism. [PAR] Again thanks \u2013 [PAR] Ronald Reagan [PAR] Questions for Discussion [PAR] You are seeing this page because you are not currently logged into our website. If you would like to access this page and you are not logged in, please login or register for a gilderlehrman.org account, and then visit the link that brought you to this notice. Thanks! [PAR] Make Gilder Lehrman your Home for History [PAR] Already have an account? [PAR] Please click here to login and access this page. [PAR] How to subscribe [PAR] Click here to get a free subscription if you are a K-12 educator or student, and here for more information on the Affiliate School Program, which provides even more benefits. [PAR] Otherwise, click here for information on a paid subscription for those who are not K-12 educators or students. [PAR] Make Gilder Lehrman your Home for History [PAR] Become an Affiliate School to have free access to the Gilder Lehrman site and all its features. [PAR] Click here to start your Affiliate School application today! You will have free access while your application is being processed. [PAR] Individual K-12 educators and students can also get a free subscription to the site by making a site account with a school-affiliated email address. Click here to do so now! [PAR] Make Gilder Lehrman your Home for History [PAR] Why Gilder Lehrman? [PAR] Your subscription grants you access to archives of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Leon and Michael Spinks - The 25 Greatest Brothers in ... Leon and Michael Spinks - The 25 Greatest Brothers in Sports History | Complex [PAR] The 25 Greatest Brothers in Sports History [PAR] 17. Leon and Michael Spinks [PAR] Sport: Boxing [PAR] Accomplishments: Leon: Beat Muhammad Ali for heavyweight championship; Michael: International Boxing Hall of Fame inductee [PAR] The Spinks brothers both reached the pinnacle of the boxing ladder, with each winning the heavyweight title at different periods of their careers (Leon in 1978, Michael in 1983). Despite Leon's gold medal and defeat of Muhammad Ali and Michael's Hall of Fame induction, both are more famous for their unceremonious losses rather than their strong track records of success. Both Leon (Ali rematch) and Michael (a young Mike Tyson) suffered defeats at the hands of a couple of the sport's biggest legends, forever associating their family name with the type of humbling defeat usually reserved for lesser fighters. [PAR] WatchNow[DOC] [TLE] Michael Spinks - About.com Sports Leon Spinks of Olympic Boxing - Where Are They Now? [PAR] By Andrew Eisele [PAR] Updated October 12, 2016. [PAR] Leon Spinks represented the United States as a light heavyweight boxer in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and won the Gold medal. He and Michael Spinks became the first brothers to win Gold medals in the same sport at the same Olympics. His gap-toothed grin became world famous. [PAR] Post-Olympic Boxing Career for Leon Spinks [PAR] On February 15, 1978, in only his eighth professional fight, Spinks outpointed Muhammad Ali over 15 rounds to capture the world heavyweight title. Spinks lost the title back to Ali just seven months later in an unapproved rematch, losing in a 15-round unanimous decision. His career went into an irreversible tailspin. [PAR] In the first fight after the Ali rematch, he was knocked out in the first round by Gerrie Coetzee. However, he beat top-ranked WBC challenger Bernardo Mercado by a knockout to earn a title fight against Larry Holmes in 1981. He lost in a TKO by the third round. His brother Michael Spinks went on to defeat Larry Holmes for the IBF heavyweight title in 1985, becoming the first brothers to have held the world heavyweight championship title. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] LeBron vs. Michael: Who's Better? [PAR] Leon Spinks began boxing in the cruiserweight division. His last title fight was against Dwight Muhammad Qawi in the WBA, who had taken that title from Michael Spinks. He lost by a TKO in the sixth round. [PAR] Spinks had a notable loss in 1994 in a KO to John Carlo, who was making his pro debut. He last fought in 1995, ending with a pro record of 26-17-3. [PAR] Life After Boxing Career for Leon Spinks [PAR] Spinks was reportedly homeless just over a decade after winning the heavyweight title. Later, after getting divorced, he briefly lived in a shelter in his native St. Louis. He's been a greeter at Mike Ditka's restaurant in Chicago. He also helped start a gym in Detroit and did assorted odd jobs in California. [PAR] He lived in Columbus, Nebraska and worked at a local YMCA and McDonalds. He also volunteered at an after-school program for youth. He moved to the Las Vegas area in 2011 where he could have steady work with autograph-signing appearances and married his third wife, Brenda Glur Spinks. [PAR] Brain Trauma and Health Crisis [PAR] Leon Spinks was diagnosed with brain trauma in 2012 due to his fight career and is part of the longitudinal study conducted by neurologist Charles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Human Physiology/Integumentary System - Wikibooks, open ... Human Physiology/Integumentary System - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Human Physiology/Integumentary System [PAR] Introduction[ edit ] [PAR] The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, the subcutaneous tissue below the skin,and assorted glands.The most obvious function of the integumentary system is the protection that the skin gives to underlying tissues. The skin not only keeps most harmful substances out, but also prevents the loss of fluids. [PAR] A major function of the subcutaneous tissue is to connect the skin to underlying tissues such as muscles. Hair on the scalp provides insulation from cold for the head. The hair of eyelashes and eyebrows helps keep dust and perspiration out of the eyes, and the hair in our nostrils helps keep dust out of the nasal cavities. Any other hair on our bodies no longer serves a function, but is an evolutionary remnant. Nails protect the tips of fingers and toes from mechanical injury. Fingernails give the fingers greater ability to pick up small objects. [PAR] There are four types of glands in the integumentary system: Sudoriferous glands, Sebaceous glands, Ceruminous glands, and Mammary glands. Sudoriferous glands are sweat producing glands. These are important to help maintain body temperature. Sebaceous glands are oil producing glands which help inhibit bacteria, keep us waterproof and prevent our hair and skin from drying out. Ceruminous glands produce earwax which keeps the outer surface of the eardrum pliable and prevents drying. Mammary glands produce milk. [PAR] Skin[ edit ] [PAR] In zoology and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of a layer of tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs. As the interface with the surroundings, it plays the most important role in protecting against pathogens. Its other main functions are insulation and temperature regulation, sensation and vitamin D and B synthesis. Skin is considered one of the most important parts of the body. [PAR] Skin has pigmentation, melanin, provided by melanocytes, which absorbs some of the potentially dangerous radiation in sunlight. It also contains DNA repair enzymes which reverse UV damage, and people who lack the genes for these enzymes suffer high rates of skin cancer. One form predominantly produced by UV light, malignant melanoma, is particularly invasive, causing it to spread quickly, and can often be deadly. Human skin pigmentation varies among populations in a striking manner. This has sometimes led to the classification of people(s) on the basis of skin color. [PAR] Damaged skin will try to heal by forming scar tissue, often giving rise to discoloration and depigmentation of the skin. [PAR] The skin is often known as \"the largest organ in the human body\". This applies to exterior surface, as it covers the body, appearing to have the largest surface area of all the organs. Moreover, it applies to weight, as it weighs more than any single internal organ, accounting for about 15 percent of body weight. For the average adult human, the skin has a surface area of between 1.5-2.0 square meters, most of it is between 2-3 mm thick. The average square inch of skin holds 650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, and more than a thousand nerve endings. [PAR] The use of natural or synthetic cosmetics to treat the appearance of the face and condition of the skin (such as pore control and black head cleansing) is common among many cultures. [PAR] Layers[ edit ] [PAR] The skin has two major layers which are made of different tissues and have very different functions. [PAR] Diagram of the layers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Milton - CliffsNotes - Written by Teachers George Milton [PAR] George Milton [PAR] Bookmark this page Manage My Reading List [PAR] George is described as physically small with very sharp features, an opposite to Lennie Small . Milton is the last name of the author of one of Steinbeck 's favorite works, Paradise Lost. In that epic poem, Adam and Eve fall from grace in the Garden of Eden. Because of their fall, mankind is doomed to be alone and walk the earth as a lonely being. Some critics believe George represents that doomed man who longs to return to Eden. His one chance to avoid that fate is his relationship with Lennie, which makes them different from the other lonely men. But despite this companionship, at the end of the book, George is fated to be once again alone. [PAR] George's personality often reflects both anger and understanding. Of the two men, he is the one who thinks things through and considers how their goals can be reached. Once Candy makes the stake possible, George comes up with the details: where they will get the ranch, how long they must work to pay for it, and how they will have to keep a low profile in order to work for the next month. George also foresees possible complications and gives Lennie advice about what he must do in order to help their future. While George can be very rational and thoughtful, he also gets frustrated and angry with Lennie because the big man cannot control his strength or actions. George repeatedly gets angry, so much so that Lennie knows by heart what it means when George \"gives him hell.\" But George's anger quickly fades when he remembers Lennie's innocence and his inability to remember or think clearly. [PAR] George, unlike other men, has a companion and friend in Lennie. Because of this, Lennie makes George feel special. They are different from all the other guys, and George realizes only too well that they have a special bond. At the ranch, George often plays solitaire, a game for one. Without Lennie, George would be a loner. Even though George gets frustrated by Lennie's mental weakness, he also feels compassion for his friend. Lennie offers George the opportunity to lay plans, give advice, and, in general, be in charge. Without Lennie, George would be just like the other hands, but with Lennie, George has a strong sense of responsibility. In the end, he even takes responsibility for Lennie's death. George also understands that Lennie does not have an adult's sense of guilt and does not understand death or murder beyond it being a \"bad thing.\" George makes it possible for Lennie \u2014 sometimes \u2014 to understand at least partial consequences of his actions. Unfortunately, George does not realize how dangerous Lennie can be, and this lack of foresight adds to the downfall of their dream. [PAR] Their dream also sets George apart from the others because it means he and Lennie have a future and something to anticipate. Unlike Lennie, George does not see their dream in terms of rabbits; instead, he sees it in a practical way. Their farm will be one where they can be independent and safe and where he will not have to worry about keeping track of Lennie's mistakes. They can be secure and in charge of their own lives. However, Lennie is the one who adds the enthusiasm because George never really believed they could swing this farm of their own. He mostly uses the story to give Lennie something to believe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quadrillion | Define Quadrillion at Dictionary.com Quadrillion | Define Quadrillion at Dictionary.com [PAR] quadrillion [PAR] noun, plural quadrillions (as after a numeral) quadrillion. [PAR] 1. [PAR] a cardinal number represented in the U.S. by 1 followed by 15 zeros, and in Great Britain by 1 followed by 24 zeros. [PAR] adjective [PAR] amounting to one quadrillion in number. [PAR] Origin of quadrillion [PAR] 1665-75; quadr- + -illion (as in million) [PAR] Related forms [PAR] Examples from the Web for quadrillion [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] They give off resonance waves, each one absolutely unique; there's about one chance in a quadrillion of a duplicate pattern. [PAR] Starman's Quest Robert Silverberg [PAR] At this rate of growth from a single cholera bacillus sixteen quadrillion might arise in a single day. [PAR] Getting Married George Bernard Shaw [PAR] quadrillion, kwod-ril\u2032yun, n. a million raised to the fourth power, represented by a unit with twenty-four ciphers. [PAR] The observatory on Pluto had reported a free planet passing within two hundred quadrillion miles of the solar system. [PAR] Unthinkable Roger Phillips Graham [PAR] \"Three quadrillion times, my son,\" replied his father with perfect accuracy and a spirit of hourly freshness. [PAR] The Kentucky Warbler James Lane Allen [PAR] Their velocity was six hundred and sixty quadrillion miles per second! [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for quadrillion [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] (in Britain) the number represented as one followed by 24 zeros (1024) US and Canadian word septillion [PAR] 2. [PAR] (in the US and Canada) the number represented as one followed by 15 zeros (1015) [PAR] determiner [PAR] amounting to this number: a quadrillion atoms [PAR] (as pronoun): a quadrillion [PAR] C17: from French quadrillon, from quadri- + -illion, on the model of million [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for quadrillion [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] 1670s, from French quadrillion (16c.) from quadri- \"four\" (see quadri- ) + (m)illion. Cf. billion . In Great Britain, the fourth power of a million (1 followed by 24 zeroes); in the U.S., the fifth power of a thousand (1 followed by 15 zeroes). [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper[DOC] [TLE] Is trillion the new billion? - BBC News Is trillion the new billion? - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Is trillion the new billion? [PAR] By Tom Geoghegan BBC News Magazine [PAR] 28 October 2011 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] The eurozone's bailout fund now stands at one trillion euros (\u00a3880bn or $1.4tn) after a deal was thrashed out in Brussels by European leaders. The figure of one trillion has become increasingly widely used but do we really understand it? [PAR] Once a representation of something beyond our comprehension, the word trillion - 1,000,000,000,000 - has now sealed its place in common parlance. [PAR] As US politicians were trying to find budget savings of $1.2tn, European leaders were topping up their rescue fund to the tune of 1tn euros. [PAR] A combination of economic progress and inflation means larger and larger numbers are needed to define financial sums, and a billion is no longer the benchmark. So how did trillion take over? [PAR] The words billion and trillion, or variations on them, were first documented by French mathematicians in the 15th Century. [PAR] A trillion was 1,000,000,000,000,000,000, or the third power of a million. The US later adopted what became known"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Art and Artists | American Girls Art Club In Paris ... Art and Artists | American Girls Art Club In Paris. . . and Beyond [PAR] American Girls Art Club In Paris. . . and Beyond [PAR] Exploring The World In The Footsteps of The Artists and Writers Who Came Before [PAR] Search [PAR] Category Archives: Art and Artists [PAR] Post navigation [PAR] Reply [PAR] I\u2019ve often thought about how my time in Paris, as short as it was, managed to change me. And it seems I can\u2019t stop thinking about the change Paris may have had on other artists, other women, in other times. [PAR] I\u2019ve taken a look at some of their lives to see if I can spot the power of Paris. American portrait painter Cecilia Beaux (1855-1942), who lived and studied in Paris in 1888-89, makes a great example. [PAR] Celia Beaux, Self Portrait (1894) [PAR] Maybe you don\u2019t know much about Cecilia Beaux, but she has some pretty amazing paintings at the Art Institute of Chicago , Metropolitan Museum of New York , or my favorite, Sita and Sarita at Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay . [PAR] Most people know her, if they know her at all, because William Merritt Chase called her \u201cthe greatest woman artist who has ever lived.\u201d I\u2019ve previously written about her struggle to obtain an art education in Philadelphia during the Victorian era. But what interests me the most is her time in Paris. [PAR] When Beaux took her shot to study in Paris, it seems like it changed her life. She only spent a year and a half there, but when she returned home to the States in 1889 her career really took off. True, she was no slouch before Paris \u2013 she\u2019d already studied for over a decade, worked as a professional and received numerous awards. She\u2019d already had a painting accepted in the Paris Salon of 1887. [PAR] So here is Beaux before Paris: [PAR] Cecilia Beaux, Les Derniers Jours D\u2019Enfance (1883-85), oil on canvas, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . This painting was awarded the PAFA Mary Smith Prize for best work by a local woman and was accepted into the 1887 Paris Salon. According to PAFA, Beaux considered this to be \u201ca coup\u201d that marked \u201ca turning point in her career.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] And this is Beaux after Paris: [PAR] Cecilia Beaux, New England Woman (1895), oil on canvas, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Isn\u2019t the difference stunning? It\u2019s as if she moved from one century to another. [PAR] And the difference wasn\u2019t just in the vibrant new light in her portraits. As successful as Beaux was before Paris, her output of high profile portraits soared upon her return. She completed over 40 portraits in five years, including some of the most remarkable of her career. By 1895, Beaux was hired to be the first full-time female faculty member of the Pennsylvania Academy of Arts, becoming the Head of Portraits. [PAR] If Paris did indeed spark Beaux\u2019s success in the 1890s, what was it? The training in the Paris ateliers? The exposure to and networking with other artists? The chance to study from the masters in the Louvre? The experience of freedom as a traveler, an outsider and an expatriate? Or maybe it\u2019s just in the air in Paris. [PAR] Before I set out to walk in Beaux\u2019s footsteps through Paris I decided to read her autobiography, Background With Figures (1930). I wanted to hear her Paris stories in her own voice and her own words. I was surprised"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rhinotillexomania: psychiatric disorder or habit? Rhinotillexomania: psychiatric disorder or habit? - PubMed - NCBI [PAR] Rhinotillexomania: psychiatric disorder or habit? [PAR] 1Dean Foundation for Health, Research and Education, Madison, WI 53717-1914. [PAR] Abstract [PAR] BACKGROUND: [PAR] Conditions once considered bad habits are now recognized as psychiatric disorders (trichotillomania, onychopagia). We hypothesized that nose picking is another such \"habit,\" a common benign practice in most adults but a time-consuming, socially compromising, or physically harmful condition (rhinotillexomania) in some. [PAR] METHODS: [PAR] We developed the Rhinotillexomania Questionnaire, mailed it to 1000 randomly selected adult residents of Dane County, Wisconsin, and requested anonymous responses. The returned questionnaires were analyzed according to age, sex, marital status, living arrangement, and educational level. Nose picking was characterized according to time involved, level of distress, location, attitudes toward self and others regarding the practice, technique, methods of disposal, reasons, complications, and associated habits and psychiatric disorders. [PAR] RESULTS: [PAR] Two hundred fifty-four subjects responded. Ninety-one percent were current nose pickers although only 75% felt \"almost everyone does it\"; 1.2% picked at least every hour. For 2 subjects (0.8%), nose picking caused moderate to marked interferences with daily functioning. Two subjects spent between 15 and 30 minutes and 1 over 2 hours a day picking their nose. For 2 others, perforation of the nasal septum was a complication. Associated \"habits\" included picking cuticles (25%), picking at skin (20%), biting fingernails (18%), and pulling out hair (6%). [PAR] CONCLUSION: [PAR] This first population survey of nose picking suggests that it is an almost universal practice in adults but one that should not be considered pathologic for most. For some, however, the condition may meet criteria for a disorder-rhinotillexomania. [PAR] PMID:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2000 Guineas | Newmarket Racecourse - Horse Racing 2000 Guineas | Newmarket Racecourse [PAR] St Leger [PAR] 2000 Guineas History [PAR] The 2000 Guineas is of course one of the classics of British flat Racing and it is one of the most exciting races of the season with the very best three year-olds battling over the straight course on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket. The race tends to take place at the start of May each season and it gives punters the chance to run the rule over the stars of the season as we see many of them for the first time as three-year-old horses. The list of winners of the 2000 Guineas really are the cream of the crop, and it opens the way to potential runs in the Epsom Derby as well as big races at Royal Ascot and Glorious Goodwood so it really is a race to get involved with each season. [PAR] The 2000 Guineas is the first leg of the Triple Crown along with the Derby and the St Leger so it can be the start of the a magic season for the winner of the race, the last horse to capture the Triple Crown was Nijinksy in 1970 and he will be remembered as a great 2000 Guineas winner. There have been a number since then as well with all of the top yards sending their big guns to Newmarket at the start of each season, with the likes of Saeed Bin Suroor, Sir Michael Stoute and Aidan O\u2019Brien all having multiple winners of the race over the past 10 to 15 years. The Guineas is one of the most prestigious flat races in the world and connections are always eager to get their horses to the race fit and well to see how their star juveniles have progressed over the winter ahead of the all-important three-year-old season. [PAR] Since the turn of the 21st Century we have seen some of the best winners of the race with household names like Rock Of Gibraltar in 2002, George Washington in 2006, Henrythenavigator in 2008 and of course the great Sea The Stars in 2009 winning the race in recent times. We all remember Sea the Stars going through a perfect season as a three-year-old but the 2000 Guineas was the race where he served notice of his brilliance, he followed the race win at Newmarket up with wins in the Epsom Derby, the Coral Eclipse and the Arc among others. The 2000 Guineas is always an exciting race with the runners taking on the straight mile and the draw can prove important to a horses chances, the course staff will always try to even out the draw bias but inevitably there is some advantages that show out over the two days of the Guineas meeting. [PAR] Recent Winners of the 2000 Guineas [PAR] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 2000 - King's Best[DOC] [TLE] Big Race History: 2,000 Guineas - Course Specialist Big Race History: 2,000 Guineas - Course Specialist [PAR] Big Race History: 2,000 Guineas [PAR] Published April 27, 2014 | Posted by Andrew Pelis [PAR] Kings Best beating Giants Causeway in 2000 [PAR] Image reproduced with the kind permission of Newmarket Racecourse [PAR] The 2,000 Guineas Stakes forms the first leg of the English Triple Crown for colts and is the first of the five English Classics to be run each year. [PAR] As befits its standing, the Guineas is a Group 1 flat horse race open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France - Lifefoc Travel Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France [PAR] Arc de Triomphe in Paris is one of the famous historical symbol of France. Located between \u00c9toile Square, the location of the Arc de Triomphe end of the Champs-Elys\u00e9es, the focus area of the city tourists. One of the most famous tourist destinations in Paris, the Arc de Triomphe was built in 1806 and was completed in 1836 to commemorate the victorious battle of Napoleon Bonaparte and honor the military. Arc de Triomphe stands the magnificent way Paris's most famous avenue, the Champs-Elys\u00e9es is the 8th district of Paris. Arc de Triomphe with a height of 50 meters, width 45 meters and 22 meters thick. 8 feet deep foundations cast under a weight of 50,000 tons of Arc de Triomphe. Around 558 Arc de Triomphe is engraved statues of celebrities, generals through the reign of the last century. Below the arch is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from the First World War. [PAR] Sunrise on the Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France [PAR] From the Arc de Triomphe, 12 radiating avenues (linked by a circular ring around) is the \"lifeblood\" of Paris. After all 284 stairs up, you will discover Paris from atop the Arc de Triomphe to the odd look very nice at night, giving you a broad picture of Paris, in a thousand and one sparkle . Standing on the terrace overlooking the Arc de Triomphe, you will see 12 roads spread out as 12-pointed star, you're exposed to the experience of the soul trees. The route will leave an echo in your heart. First is the Champs-Elys\u00e9es and ends with a circle Concorde place ancient Egyptian pyramid at the center. At the front, the two sides of the Arc de Triomphe, all four objects are carved sculpture subtly. Two subjects looked toward Paris: The first object represents the path of the volunteer army. The second object symbolizes the victory of Napoleon Bonaparte. Two subjects looked toward suburban Neuilly: A symbol of resistance, and a symbol for peace. Having to take place, a glimpse of the Arc de Triomphe see the imposing features of its mighty lively. [PAR] Today, Arc de Triomphe is a symbol of victory in Paris, has contributed greatly to the beauty of this capital light. People often back and forth, up and down the boulevards, congregate, dating, because this is an easy place to get to know each other to walk around, to go listen to music, eat after the weekend afternoon and especially in the holidays. [PAR] Arc de Triomphe is a historic monument of France [PAR] The Arc de Triomphe is a scene of the official military parade: July 14 ceremony, especially the two streets carrying colorful red, white and blue. Eve is the most positive, tourists from neighboring countries gathered together in the same New Year's Eve, and the November 11 ceremony. It is also to welcome the champion cyclist wins back, after a round of France (champion of the Tour de France). The Arc de Triomphe stands 10th in the most attractive works of Paris. [PAR] Arc de Triomphe [PAR] Time Zone: UTC 1 [PAR] Currency: Euro, CFP franc [PAR] Weather: The climate in France is quite varied, but generally west European - on the whole a bit warmer than the UK, a bit cooler than Spain . Don't expect to find summer in winter in the South of France! [PAR] Country Code: 33[DOC] [TLE] Arc de triomphe - metro.paris Arc de triomphe - metro.paris [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Callan (TV Series 1967\u20131972) - IMDb Callan (TV Series 1967\u20131972) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] David Callan is the top agent/assassin for the Security Service (British counterintelligence), but he is an embittered man who performs his duties \"for Queen and country\" under duress. This... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Captured by the KGB, Callan is drugged, brainwashed and released - with instructions to kill Hunter. He obeys - but who actually dies? Hunter? Meres? Or Callan? Who get shot in the process? [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] Callan is ordered to investigate Joan Mather, a government laboratory scientist who has expressed concerns that her work might be used for biological warfare. [PAR] 8.8 [PAR] Actor Ronald Radd returns as the first Hunter of the Section, blood-thirsty Col. Leslie. Callan is then sent to nail two minor Russian agents working from a pet shop. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] a list of 826 titles [PAR] created 29 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 197 titles [PAR] created 05 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Callan \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 3 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] David Callan, top agent/assassin for the S.I.S., was forced to retire because he had lost his nerve. Now, Callan is called back into service to handle the assassination of Schneider, a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Don Sharp [PAR] The missions of an elite British Intelligence covert operations unit. [PAR] Stars: Roy Marsden, Ray Lonnen, Jerome Willis [PAR] Jeff Randall and Marty Hopkirk are private detectives who specialize in divorce cases. Their long-running partnership seems to come to an abrupt end when Marty is killed by a hit-and-run, ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope, Annette Andre [PAR] In the year 1980 the Earth is threatened by an alien race who kidnap and kill humans and use them for body parts. A highly secret military organization is set up in the hope of defending ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Ed Bishop, Dolores Mantez, Michael Billington [PAR] John Steed and his new accomplices Purdey and Gambit find themselves facing new and deadly dangers in the bizarre world of espionage. Mixing fantasy with a darker edge, the trio face ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Patrick Macnee, Gareth Hunt, Joanna Lumley [PAR] John Drake is a special operative for NATO, specializing in security assignments against any subversive element which threatened world peace. The series featured exotic locales from all ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Patrick McGoohan, Richard Wattis, Lionel Murton [PAR] Craig Stirling, Sharron Macready and Richard Barrett were agents for Nemesis, an international intelligence organization based in Geneva. Their first mission as a team was to investigate ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Stuart Damon, Alexandra Bastedo, William Gaunt [PAR] An elite department within Interpol, Department S inherited those cases which the other member groups had failed to solve. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sockeye (Red) Salmon Identification & Information ... Sockeye (Red) Salmon Identification & Information | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife [PAR] Other names: red salmon, blueback (Columbia and Quinault Rivers), [PAR] kokanee or \"silver trout\" (landlocked form) [PAR] Average size: 5-8 lbs, up to 15 lbs [PAR] Sockeye are the most flavorful Pacific salmon. In Washington, sockeye are found in Lake Washington, Baker Lake, Ozette Lake, Quinault Lake, and Lake Wenatchee. [PAR] Spawning [PAR] Sockeye are unique in that they require a lake to rear in as fry, so the river they choose to spawn in must have a lake in the system. This seems to be the most important criteria for choosing a spawning ground, as sockeye adapt to a range of water velocities and substrates. [PAR] Large rivers that supplied sufficient room for spawning and rearing historically supported huge runs of sockeye, numbering into the millions. One such run still exists today on the Adams River in British Columbia, a tributary to the Fraser River. The Canadian government has built viewing platforms for visitors, and annual runs of over a million sockeye are common. [PAR] Rearing [PAR] Juvenile sockeye rear for one or two years in a lake, although they are also found in the inlet and outlet streams of the lake. Sockeye fry are often preyed on by resident lake fish, and because they use freshwater year-round, they are susceptible to low water quality. [PAR] TERMS [PAR] Alevin - The lifestage of a salmonid between egg and fry. An alevin looks like a fish with a huge pot belly, which is the remaining egg sac. Alevin remain protected in the gravel riverbed, obtaining nutrition from the egg sac until they are large enough to fend for themselves in the stream. [PAR] Anadromous - Fish that live part or the majority of their lives in saltwater, but return to freshwater to spawn. [PAR] Emergence - The act of salmon fry leaving the gravel nest. [PAR] Fry - A juvenile salmonid that has absorbed its egg sac and is rearing in the stream; the stage of development between an alevin and a parr. [PAR] Kype - The hooked jaw many male salmon develop during spawning. [PAR] Parr - Also known as fingerling. A large juvenile salmonid, one between a fry and a smolt. [PAR] Smolt - A juvenile salmonid which has reared in-stream and is preparing to enter the ocean. Smolts exchange the spotted camouflage of the stream for the chrome of the ocean. [PAR] Substrate - The material which comprises a stream bottom."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The comforting tone of the hourly radio pips - BBC News The comforting tone of the hourly radio pips - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] The comforting tone of the hourly radio pips [PAR] Magazine Monitor A collection of cultural artefacts [PAR] 5 February 2014 [PAR] LinkedIn [PAR] Image copyright Thinkstock [PAR] The \"pips\" - the hourly markers broadcast on Radio 4 and other BBC stations - have turned 90. Sam Judah looks back at a familiar sound. [PAR] In a broadcasting landscape beset by rebrands and reshuffles, the pips have somehow persevered. Perhaps it's their reliability, their comforting monotony instilling a sense of momentary calm before the turmoil of the news, that has assured their survival. First heard on 5 February 1924, the six beeps were designed by John Reith, head of the BBC, and Frank Watson Dyson, the astronomer royal. They were controlled by two mechanical clocks at the Royal Greenwich Observatory - hence their official name, the Greenwich time signal. There was just one difference back then. The pips were all of uniform length - there was no elongated beep to round off the signal, which proved confusing for former BBC radio announcer Charles Lister. [PAR] Media captionListen to the pips [PAR] On BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Lister told presenter John Humphrys that he may even have triggered the historic change. \"Which of the six pips is the important one?\" Lister had asked his boss back in the 1960s. As today's listeners know, it's the final pip that matters most, but its elongation didn't materialise until years later - in 1972, according to David Rooney, former curator of timekeeping at the Greenwich observatory. To Lister's dismay, it may have been the introduction of an atomic clock, and the addition of a \"leap second\", that actually gave life to the idea. Today the pips are heard most often by BBC Radio 4 and World Service listeners, but they are also used on Chris Evans' breakfast show and Clare Balding's Sunday programme, among others on BBC Radio 2 - and they even turn up on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra on Saturday evenings. Television viewers can hear them too, mixed into the theme tune for many BBC news programmes. [PAR] The sound is tightly regulated and can never be broadcast as a sound effect. Plays and comedies featuring fictional news programmes must find creative ways around the rule. On the Hour distorted the sound while it has been reported that an episode of The News Quiz played the pips individually, but not as a full set. The pips are not to be trifled with. After nearly a century, their place in the broadcasting schedule is firmly assured. [PAR] Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mouse Trap (board game) - Board game manuals Wiki - Wikia Mouse Trap (board game) | Board game manuals Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Board game manuals Wiki [PAR] Mouse Trap (originally titled Mouse Trap Game) is a board game first published by Ideal in 1963 for two or more players. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The basic premise of the game has been consistent throughout the game's history. However, the turn-based gameplay has changed somewhat over the years. [PAR] The original version, designed by Hank Kramer of Ideal Toy Company , allowed the players almost no decision-making, in keeping with other games for very young children such as Candyland , or Chutes and Ladders . In the 1970s, the board game surrounding the Mouse Trap was redesigned by Sid Sackson , adding the cheese pieces and allowing the player to maneuver opponents onto the trap space. [PAR] Current Rules [PAR] Edit [PAR] Each player is represented by a mouse -shaped game piece which travels along a non-continuous, roughly square-shaped path around the game board from the start to a continuous loop at the end. The path is segmented into spaces, some of which are marked with instructions, and \"build\" spaces that are marked simply with numbers (\"2\", \"2-3\" and \"2-3-4\"). [PAR] The object of the game is to trap all of one's opponent's mice using the game's Rube Goldberg -style mouse trap , which is built upon the board during the course of the game. The trap begins with a crank which turns a set of gears. This begins a series of stages which ends in a cage being lowered over the \" cheese wheel\" space on the board, which is one of six spaces in the ending loop of the game path. [PAR] Players roll the six-sided die in turn-based play, and move their mouse the number of spaces rolled. If a player lands on a \"build\" space that corresponds with the number of players in the game (e.g. only \"2-3-4\" spaces for a four-player game), they must build the next unbuilt piece of the mouse trap, and take a piece of cheese, represented by cheese-shaped tokens. If the players reach the final loop of the board, they continue around it until the game ends; each \"build\" space in the loop requires a player to build two pieces of the mouse trap, and take two pieces of cheese. [PAR] Another space on the board is the \"turn crank\" space. Once the mouse trap is built, a player landing on one of these spaces while there is an opposing mouse on the \"cheese wheel\" space must turn the crank to start the mouse trap. If the mouse trap successfully runs its course (there are several stages in which the mouse trap may fail if not properly set), the cage will fall on any opposing mice on the space, and they are out of the game. If there are no opposing mice on the \"cheese wheel\" space, the player may trade one piece of cheese, for the opportunity to choose an opponent who is not on a \"safe\" space and roll the die to move their mouse. One may repeat this trade as many times in a turn as they have pieces of cheese; when an opposing mouse is on the \"cheese wheel\" space, the crank can then be turned. Once there is only one mouse left in the game, that player wins. Others spaces require the player to move their mouse in a prescribed manner. [PAR] The Mouse Trap [PAR] Edit [PAR] The mouse trap"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American Bald Eagle on Great Seal of the United States American Bald Eagle on Great Seal of the United States [PAR] American Bald Eagle [PAR] on the Great Seal of the United States [PAR] When Charles Thomson put together the final design for the Great Seal in June 1782, he made its centerpiece an \"American Eagle on the wing and rising.\" His preliminary sketch (below) is very important, because it's our only direct graphic link to the imagery he envisioned. That's because the Great Seal adopted by Congress is a written description only. No artwork was submitted nor approved. [PAR] In the eagle's right talon, Thomson placed the olive branch suggested by the second committee whose designs had female figures representing Peace and Liberty holding the olive branch. The Eagle faces toward this ancient symbol that Thomson called \" the power of peace .\" [PAR] In its left talon, the eagle holds the power of war symbolized by the bundle of 13 arrows . [PAR] On a scroll in the eagle's beak, Thomson put the motto E Pluribus Unum suggested by the first committee. [PAR] For the final Great Seal, the stance of \"the American bald Eagle\" was changed from \"on the wing and rising\" to the more traditional \"displayed\" position (with its wing tips up): [PAR] (Escutcheon is the shield, and proper means in its natural color.) [PAR] Also, the shield's stripes were changed to vertical ones. Here is the first die of the Great Seal (September 1782). Note that the image is reversed, so it will be correct when impressed on a document. [PAR] Although not specifically mentioned, clearly the American Eagle on the Great Seal represents liberty and freedom , a theme central to all three preliminary designs. Thomson underscored how the imagery symbolizes \"Independence\" by explaining that the shield is \"born on the breast of an American Eagle without any other supporters, to denote that the United States of America ought to rely on their own Virtue.\" [PAR] The first committee included an imperial eagle as a minor element on its shield, and the third committee had a small white eagle (right) in the crest at the top of their design for the Great Seal. But both these eagles were old-world Germanic versions. (In the first committee's sketch, it is a two-headed imperial eagle.) [PAR] The eagle on the Great Seal has always faced the olive branch, [PAR] but not the eagle on the Seal of the President . [PAR] Ben Franklin muses about the wild turkey [PAR] as a symbol of \"the temper and conduct of America.\" [PAR] The eagle has landed \u0096 on the moon [PAR] Top illustration: detail of Cy Hundley's realization of Charles Thomson's design [PAR] (with new shield and motto in English) commissioned by GreatSeal.com in 2004. [PAR] Historical content is based on the official history of the Great Seal."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The truth behind the History Boys - Telegraph The truth behind the History Boys - Telegraph [PAR] The truth behind the History Boys [PAR] [PAR] Making history: Alan Bennett and Nicholas Hytner [PAR] [PAR] Sentimental education: a scene from The History Boys [PAR] 12:01AM BST 21 Jun 2004 [PAR] Alan Bennett's new play The History Boys has received rave reviews \u2013 and caused a meltdown at the box office. As it continues in repertory at the National Theatre, the playwright and his director Nicholas Hytner held a platform discussion. Here, in this edited version of their conversation, they reveal the highs and lows of taking a play from a supermarket aisle to the stage [PAR] Nicholas Hytner It would be fair to say that when he is writing a new play Alan Bennett doesn't just keep his cards close to his chest \u2013 they're glued there. We live quite close to each other so I see him often in the food aisles at Marks & Spencer and have nagged him relentlessly, ever since I came back to the National, for a new play. [PAR] And about six months ago I ran into him cycling along to the shops and he said he might have something for me in a couple of weeks. I had no idea what he was going to write about. Never do. So the first question is, why did you write it? [PAR] Alan Bennett I think I started writing it about 18 months ago and I can see that, of the three teachers in the play, I've had experience of two of them. I'd been taught at my own school in Leeds by somebody like Mrs Lintott, in a very straightforward, factual way. [PAR] And then the way I got a scholarship to Oxford and how I got my degree really was via the method the character called Irwin uses in the play. So in a sense, I am Irwin. The person I have had no experience of at all is Hector, the charismatic teacher; I only knew about teachers like that from talking to other people, and also from reading. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] 24 January 2003: The National's new adventurer [interview with Nicholas Hytner] [PAR] 21 Jun 2004 [PAR] Temperamentally I cleave to that kind of teacher and that kind of teaching \u2013 while at the same time not thinking it practical. I suppose that the three teachers came out of trying to reconcile that. I think plays do tend to come out of things that you can't actually resolve other than by writing a play about them. Though I'm nervous about going too much into how these things work because I'm frightened they might not work the next time. [PAR] NH I think the play has generally been taken to be an unequivocal endorsement of Hector and his approach. It never felt like that to me. I think most parents would be, to a certain degree, dubious about a teacher who had absolutely no regard for results. [PAR] You'd be more likely to support the headmaster's obsession with getting your children into university. The play is intellectually even-handed. There is nothing in it that says Hector right, Irwin wrong, Mrs Lintott wrong \u2013 and yet emotionally, it veers the other way. [PAR] AB I think, of the three teachers, Stephen Campbell Moore, who plays Irwin, has the hardest job because he doesn't have the audience's sympathy until two thirds of the way through the second act. [PAR] Both Hector and Mrs Lintott have the audience on their side whereas he \u2013"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] the Band | Canadian-American rock group | Britannica.com the Band | Canadian-American rock group | Britannica.com [PAR] Canadian-American rock group [PAR] Levon Helm [PAR] The Band, Canadian-American band that began as the backing group for both Ronnie Hawkins and Bob Dylan and branched out on its own in 1968. The Band\u2019s pioneering blend of traditional country , folk, old-time string band, blues , and rock music brought them critical acclaim in the late 1960s and \u201970s and served as a template for Americana, the movement of hybrid, roots-oriented music that emerged in the late 1990s. The members were Jaime (\u201cRobbie\u201d) Robertson (b. July 5, 1944, Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Levon Helm (b. May 26, 1940, Elaine, Arkansas, U.S.\u2014d. April 19, 2012, New York, New York), Rick Danko (b. December 29, 1942, Simcoe, Ontario, Canada\u2014d. December 10, 1999, Marbletown, New York, U.S.), Richard Manuel, Stratford, Ontario, Canada\u2014d. March 4, 1986, Winter Park, Florida, U.S.), and Garth Hudson (b. August 2, 1937, London, Ontario, Canada). [PAR] The Band (left to right): Garth Hudson, Jaime (\u201cRobbie\u201d) Robertson, Levon Helm, Richard \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 G. Hannekroot\u2014Sunshine/Retna Ltd. [PAR] Robertson, Helm, Danko, Manuel, and Hudson were five self-effacing sidemen pushed into becoming a self-contained group by Dylan, the star in whose shadow they grew. Robertson was the group\u2019s principal writer and guitarist. Drummer Helm was a \u201cgood old boy\u201d from Arkansas , the sole American in a lineup of displaced Canadians. Danko was the amiable hayseed on bass and occasional fiddle. Pianist Manuel sang blues ballads in a wrenching Ray Charles baritone. And Hudson\u2019s otherworldly keyboard doodles were the glue that held the whole operation together. At their peak, from 1968 to 1973, the quintet embodied better than any other group the sense of the American past that came to haunt pop culture after the hippie ideals of the 1960s had crashed to the ground. [PAR] The real midwife to the Band\u2019s birth was Hawkins, a rockabilly diehard from Arkansas who ventured up to Canada in the spring of 1958. As Hawkins\u2019s lieutenant, Helm, still a teenager, helped recruit the young Ontarians\u2014Robertson, Danko, Manuel, and Hudson\u2014who replaced the original members of Hawkins\u2019s backing band, the Hawks. At a point when Fabian ruled the pop airwaves, the razorback rock and roll of the new Hawks was welcome only in the scuzziest roadhouses. During these years on the road, Robertson absorbed much of the flavour of life below the Mason and Dixon Line that would permeate Band songs like \u201c The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down \u201d (1969). [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Black Sabbath [PAR] In 1964 the Hawks figured they could make it without Hawkins. During their summer residency on the New Jersey seaboard, Dylan got wind of their reputation and, after playing with Robertson, hired the group to back him on his first electric tour\u2014a tour so controversial among folk purists that Helm could not take the pressure and quit. For the Hawks it was a baptism by fire, and it all but burned them out. [PAR] In 1967, in an effort to recuperate, the group (minus Helm) followed Dylan to Woodstock , New York . In nearby West Saugerties they gathered daily in the basement of \u201cBig Pink,\u201d a secluded ranch house. Here the five men put together a rambling repertoire of old country, folk, and blues songs that later leaked out as a series of \u201cbasement tape\u201d bootlegs and then as the double album The Basement Tapes (1975). [PAR] When Helm returned to the fold, Dylan began urging \u201cthe Band\u201d\u2014as they were now known locally\u2014to go it alone. The immediate result"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British prime ministers of the 20th century - Britain Magazine Britain Magazine | The official magazine of Visit Britain | Best of British History, Royal Family,Travel and Culture - British prime ministers of the 20th century [PAR] Latest issue [PAR] British prime ministers of the 20th century [PAR] Do you know who presided over the setting up of the National Health Service, or who served the shortest time as leader? Read our timeline of British prime ministers of the 20th century for all the answers. [PAR] Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury [PAR] Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury [PAR] Conservative 1895 to 1902 [PAR] Salisbury was the last peer to serve as PM (this was his third tenure), with the brief exception of Douglas Home (below) who renounced his peerage within a few days of being appointed. [PAR] Arthur James Balfour [PAR] Conservative 1902 to 1905 [PAR] Balfour was the nephew of the Marquess of Salisbury but his cabinet was divided on the issue of free trade and without the support of Edward VII he was forced to resign in December 1905. [PAR] Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman [PAR] Liberal 1905 to 1908 [PAR] Following Arthur James Balfour\u2019s resignation, Edward VII invited the leader of the next largest party, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, to form a government. He was the first leader to officially use the title of \u2018Prime Minister\u2019. [PAR] Herbert Henry Asquith [PAR] Liberal 1908 to 1916 [PAR] Asquith is the only Prime Minister to have taken office on foreign soil. At the time that he succeeded Campbell-Bannerman, Edward VII was in Biarritz so Asquith travelled there for the official \u2018kissing-hands\u2019 ceremony. [PAR] David Lloyd George in 1916 [PAR] David Lloyd George [PAR] Liberal 1916 to 1922 [PAR] One of the 20th centuries most radical thinkers, Lloyd George was the first and only Welshman to hold the position of prime minister, introducing state pensions and waging a war on poverty. [PAR] Andrew Bonar Law [PAR] Conservative 1922 to 1923 [PAR] Law was prime minister for just 209 days. He retired due to ill health in May 1923 and died of throat cancer six months later. [PAR] Stanley Baldwin [PAR] Conservative 1923 to 1924 [PAR] Baldwin took over as prime minister after Bonar Law retired but he was soon ousted from his first term, albeit temporarily. [PAR] James Ramsey MacDonald [PAR] Labour 1924 to 1924 [PAR] In 1924 Ramsey MacDonald was asked by King George V to form a government when Stanley Baldwin\u2019s Conservative majority proved ungovernable, and his was the first Labour government. [PAR] Stanley Baldwin [PAR] Conservative 1924 to 1929 [PAR] In his second tenure as prime minister Baldwin extended the right to vote to women over 21. [PAR] James Ramsey MacDonald [PAR] Labour 1929 to 1935 [PAR] In his second minority government in 1929, MacDonald appointed Margaret Bondfield as the first female cabinet minister, but forming a cross-party government proved his downfall. [PAR] Stanley Baldwin [PAR] Conservative 1935 to 1937 [PAR] By taking office as prime minister for the third time Baldwin remarkably served under three monarchs. [PAR] Neville Chamberlain [PAR] Conservative 1937 to 1940 [PAR] Chamberlain famously declared \u201cI believe it is peace for our time\u201d following a meeting in 1938 with Adolf Hitler. [PAR] Sir Winston Churchill [PAR] Conservative 1940 to 1945 [PAR] Following Chamberlain\u2019s resignation in 1940, Churchill succeeded him as prime minister of an all-party coalition government. [PAR] Clement Attlee [PAR] Labour 1945 to 1951 [PAR] Taking over from Churchill at the end of the war, Attlee is perhaps best remembered for setting up the National Health Service. [PAR] Winston Churchill gives"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna - Film Actress, Singer - Biography.com Madonna - Film Actress, Singer - Biography.com [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cMy mother was a religious zealot. There were always priests and nuns in my house growing up.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI think the biggest reason I was able to express myself and not be intimidated was by not having a mother.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI really saw myself as the quintessential Cinderella.\u201d [PAR] \u201cFor some reason, I feel like I never left high school, because I still feel that if you don't fit in, you're going to get your ass kicked.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI believe sometimes we aren't always in charge of everything that we do creatively. We submit to things as we're going on our own journey.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWe like to put people on a pedestal, give them one character trait, and if they step outside of that shrinelike area that we blocked out for them, then we will punish them.\u201d [PAR] \u201cOne of my father's famous quotes\u2014and I love him dearly, but he's very, very old-fashioned\u2014was, 'If there were more virgins, the world would be a better place.'\u201d [PAR] \u201cEvery year it's a different me.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIf you want to affect change in the world, you do have to have a platform to stand on. And in order to have a platform to stand on, you have to keep doing your job.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI think it's kind of a waste of time to provoke just for the sake of provocation. I think you have to have a lesson or something that you want to share.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI sometimes think I was born to live up to my name. How could I be anything else but what I am having been named Madonna? I would either have ended up a nun or this.\u201d [PAR] \u201cI want to be like Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, and John Lennon... but I want to stay alive.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Madonna [PAR] Madonna - Mini Biography (TV-14; 4:34) A short biography of Madonna who redefined music with hits like \"Like a Virgin\" and \"Vogue.\" Constantly stirring up controversy in her career, she also made headlines in her relationships with Sean Penn, Warren Beatty, and Guy Ritchie. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Pop music singer Madonna was born in Bay City, Michigan on August 16, 1958. In 1981, she went solo as a pop singer and became a sensation on the then male-dominated '80s music scene. By 1991, she had achieved 21 Top 10 hits in the United States and sold more than 70 million albums internationally. In January 2008, she was named the world's wealthiest female musician by Forbes magazine. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Singer, performer and actress Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone was born in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958, to parents Silvio \"Tony\" Ciccone and Madonna Fortin. Tony, the son of Italian immigrants, was the first of his family to go to college, where he earned a degree in engineering. Madonna's mother, an x-ray technician and former dancer, was of French Canadian descent. After their marriage in 1955, the couple moved to Pontiac, Michigan, to be close to Tony's job as a defense engineer. Madonna was born three years later, during a visit with family in Bay City. The third of six children, Madonna learned early on how to handle her role as the middle child, admitting that she was \"the sissy of the family\" who often used her feminine wiles to get her way. [PAR] Her parents' strict observation of the Catholic faith played a large role in Madonna's childhood. \"My mother was a religious zealot,\" Madonna"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carry on films!!! on Pinterest | Barbara Windsor, Kenneth ... 1000+ images about Carry on films!!! on Pinterest | Feature film, Jim dale and James d'arcy [PAR] Sid James as the Reverend Flasher aka 'Big' Dick Turpin in Carry On Dick (1974) - it was Sid's final appearance in a Carry On film. [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Avatar (2009 film) - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia Avatar (2009 film) - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [PAR] I am Smart, Intelligent and Hard Working who Loves to help :) [PAR] Avatar (2009 film) [PAR] Budget 237 million USD (2009) [PAR] Duration [PAR] Release date December 18, 2009 (India) [PAR] Film series Avatar Series [PAR] Writer James Cameron [PAR] Language English [PAR] Release date December 10, 2009 (2009-12-10) (London premiere) December 17, 2009 (2009-12-17) (United Kingdom) December 18, 2009 (2009-12-18) (United States) [PAR] Featured song I See You (Theme from Avatar) [PAR] Cast Sam Worthington (Jake Sully), Zoe Saldana (Neytiri), Sigourney Weaver (Dr. Grace Augustine), Stephen Lang (Col. Quaritch), Michelle Rodriguez (Trudy Chacon), Giovanni Ribisi (Selfridge) [PAR] Similar movies Edge of Tomorrow, Star Trek Into Darkness, John Carter, Independence Day, Lockout, Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning [PAR] Tagline Enter the World of Pandora. [PAR] Avatar official trailer hd 20th century fox [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] On the lush alien world of Pandora live the Navi, beings who appear primitive but are highly evolved. Because the planets environment is poisonous, human/Navi hybrids, called Avatars, must link to human minds to allow for free movement on Pandora. Jake Sully (Sam Worthington), a paralyzed former Marine, becomes mobile again through one such Avatar and falls in love with a Navi woman (Zoe Saldana). As a bond with her grows, he is drawn into a battle for the survival of her world. [PAR] Avatar (marketed as James Camerons Avatar) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed, written, produced, and co-edited by James Cameron, and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, and Sigourney Weaver. The film is set in the mid-22nd century, when humans are colonizing Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system, in order to mine the mineral unobtanium, a room-temperature superconductor. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Navi \u2013 a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The films title refers to a genetically engineered Navi body with the mind of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora. [PAR] Development of Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film. Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Camerons 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999, but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film. Work on the language of the films extraterrestrial beings began in 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006. Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million. Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion. The film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques, and was released for traditional viewing, 3D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and for \"4D\" experiences in select South Korean theaters. The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology. [PAR] Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was internationally released on December 16 and in the United States and Canada on December 18, to positive critical reviews, with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects. During its theatrical run, the film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film of all time, as well as in the United States and Canada, surpassing Titanic, which had held those records for twelve years (and was also directed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Troy | ancient city, Turkey | Britannica.com Troy | ancient city, Turkey | Britannica.com [PAR] ancient city, Turkey [PAR] Alternative Titles: Ilion, Ilios, Ilium, Troia, Troja [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Carl Blegen [PAR] Troy, Greek Troia, also called Ilios or Ilion, Latin Troia, Troja, or Ilium, ancient city in northwestern Anatolia that holds an enduring place in both literature and archaeology . The legend of the Trojan War is the most notable theme from ancient Greek literature and forms the basis of Homer \u2019s Iliad . Although the actual nature and size of the historical settlement remain matters of scholarly debate, the ruins of Troy at Hisarl\u0131k , Turkey , are a key archaeological site whose many layers illustrate the gradual development of civilization in northwestern Asia Minor. [PAR] Overview of Troy. [PAR] Contunico \u00a9 ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz [PAR] Geography [PAR] Ancient Troy commanded a strategic point at the southern entrance to the Dardanelles (Hellespont), a narrow strait linking the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea via the Sea of Marmara . The city also commanded a land route that ran north along the west Anatolian coast and crossed the narrowest point of the Dardanelles to the European shore. In theory, Troy would have been able to use its site astride these two lines of communication to exact tolls from trading vessels and other travelers using them; the actual extent to which this took place, however, remains unclear. [PAR] The Troad (Greek Troias; \u201cLand of Troy\u201d) is the district formed by the northwestern projection of Asia Minor into the Aegean Sea. The present-day ruins of Troy itself occupy the western end of a low descending ridge in the extreme northwest corner of the Troad. Less than 4 miles (6 km) to the west, across the plain of the Scamander (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes) River, is the Aegean Sea, and toward the north are the narrows of the Dardanelles. [PAR] Archaeology [PAR] The search for Troy at Hisarl\u0131k [PAR] The approximate location of Troy was well known from references in works by ancient Greek and Latin authors, including Homer , Herodotus , and Strabo . But the exact site of the city remained unidentified until modern times. A large mound, known locally as Hisarl\u0131k , had long been understood to hold the ruins of a city named Ilion or Ilium that had flourished in Hellenistic and Roman times. In 1822 Charles Maclaren suggested that this was the site of Homeric Troy, but for the next 50 years his suggestion received little attention from Classical scholars, most of whom regarded the Trojan legend as a mere fictional creation based on myth , not history. Those who did believe in the existence of a real Troy thought it to be at Bunarbashi (P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131), a short distance south of Hisarl\u0131k. It took Frank Calvert, a scholarly amateur archaeologist, until 1860 to begin exploratory work on Hisarl\u0131k. It was he who persuaded the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann to work at Hisarl\u0131k, though Schliemann soon took full credit for adopting Maclaren\u2019s identification and demonstrating to the world that it was correct. (Not until the late 20th century was the full extent of Calvert\u2019s role widely known.) In seven major and two minor campaigns between 1870 and 1890, Schliemann conducted excavations on a large scale mainly in the central area of the Hisarl\u0131k mound, where he exposed the remains of a walled citadel. After Schliemann\u2019s death in 1890, the excavations were continued (1893\u201394) by his colleague Wilhelm D\u00f6rpfeld and later (1932\u201338) by an expedition from the University of Cincinnati headed by Carl W. Blegen . After"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lust for Life (1956) - IMDb Lust for Life (1956) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The life of brilliant but tortured artist Vincent van Gogh. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] Norman Corwin (screen play), Irving Stone (based on the novel by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.00 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \u2018T2: Trainspotting\u2019 Soundtrack Includes Iggy Pop, Wolf Alice, Underworld, And More [PAR] 10 January 2017 6:37 AM, -08:00 | The Playlist [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 04 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 16 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 28 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 01 May 2013 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 14 May 2013 [PAR] Title: Lust for Life (1956) [PAR] 7.4/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] An unscrupulous movie producer uses an actress, a director and a writer to achieve success. [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] Boxer Midge Kelly rises to fame...mainly by stepping on other people. [PAR] Director: Mark Robson [PAR] A slave and a Viking prince fight for the love of a captive princess. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] A fiercely independent cowboy arranges to have himself locked up in jail in order to then escape with an old friend who has been sentenced to the penitentiary. [PAR] Director: David Miller [PAR] A movie adaptation of Homer's second epic, that talks about Ulysses' efforts to return to his home after the end of ten years of war. [PAR] Director: Mario Camerini [PAR] On one day in the 21st Precinct squad room, assorted characters form a backdrop for the troubles of hard-nosed Detective Jim McLeod. [PAR] Director: William Wyler [PAR] A frustrated former big-city journalist now stuck working for an Albuquerque newspaper exploits a story about a man trapped in a cave to re-jump start his career, but the situation quickly escalates into an out-of-control circus. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] The slave Spartacus leads a violent revolt against the decadent Roman Republic. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Vincent Van Gogh is the archetypical tortured artistic genius. His obsession with painting, combined with mental illness, propels him through an unhappy life full of failures and unrewarding relationships. He fails at being a preacher to coal miners. He fails in his relationships with women. He earns some respect among his fellow painters, especially Paul Gauguin, but he does not get along with them. He only manages to sell one painting in his lifetime. The one constant good in his life is his brother Theo, who is unwavering in his moral and financial support. Written by John Oswalt <jao@jao.com> [PAR] Magnificent in CinemaScope and Color See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 15 September 1956 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] La vie passionn\u00e9e de Vincent van Gogh See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] 122 min [PAR] Sound Mix: [PAR] Mono (Perspecta Sound\u00ae encoding) (35 mm optical prints) (Westrex Recording System)| 4-Track Stereo (35 mm magnetic prints) (Westrex Recording System) [PAR] Color: [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] George Orwell: The Sporting Spirit George Orwell: The Sporting Spirit [PAR] George Orwell [PAR] The Sporting Spirit [PAR] Now that the brief visit of the Dynamo football team has come to an end, it is possible to say publicly what many thinking people were saying privately before the Dynamos ever arrived. That is, that sport is an unfailing cause of ill-will, and that if such a visit as this had any effect at all on Anglo-Soviet relations, it could only be to make them slightly worse than before. [PAR] Even the newspapers have been unable to conceal the fact that at least two of the four matches played led to much bad feeling. At the Arsenal match, I am told by someone who was there, a British and a Russian player came to blows and the crowd booed the referee. The Glasgow match, someone else informs me, was simply a free-for-all from the start. And then there was the controversy, typical of our nationalistic age, about the composition of the Arsenal team. Was it really an all-England team, as claimed by the Russians, or merely a league team, as claimed by the British? And did the Dynamos end their tour abruptly in order to avoid playing an all-England team? As usual, everyone answers these questions according to his political predilections. Not quite everyone, however. I noted with interest, as an instance of the vicious passions that football provokes, that the sporting correspondent of the russophile News Chronicle took the anti-Russian line and maintained that Arsenal was not an all-England team. No doubt the controversy will continue to echo for years in the footnotes of history books. Meanwhile the result of the Dynamos' tour, in so far as it has had any result, will have been to create fresh animosity on both sides. [PAR] And how could it be otherwise? I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. [PAR] Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved. it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe \u2014 at any rate for short periods \u2014 that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. [PAR] Even a leisurely game like cricket, demanding grace rather than strength, can cause much ill-will, as we saw in the controversy over body-line bowling and over the rough tactics of the Australian team that visited England in 1921. Football, a game in which everyone gets hurt and every nation has"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unravelling the Identity of the Real Robin Hood | Ancient ... Unravelling the Identity of the Real Robin Hood | Ancient Origins [PAR] 28 December, 2014 - 12:25 dhwty [PAR] Unravelling the Identity of the Real Robin Hood [PAR] (Read the article on one page) [PAR] Robin Hood is perhaps one of the most iconic English heroes. His ethos of \u2018robbing from the rich and giving to the poor\u2019 has endeared him to many, as he is seen as a figure who fought for the downtrodden. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether Robin Hood did actually exist, or whether he was just a fictional character. If he did exist, then who was he? Such questions have never been satisfactorily answered, and various versions of Robin Hood have been produced due to this ambiguity. [PAR] Some have argued that Robin Hood was a fictional character, since the earliest records of this character are found in traditional ballads, i.e. narratives set to music. These ballads may not be taken as historical evidence for the existence of Robin Hood, and were probably not written at the time when Robin Hood was first alluded to. The stories of Robin Hood can thus be said to have been initially transmitted orally and could have been told by the \u2018common folk\u2019. [PAR] Robin Hood is the subject of many stories and legends. But how many, if any, are real? Robin Hood with Sir Guy \"Bold Robin Hood and His Outlaw Band: Their Famous Exploits in Sherwood Forest\", Louis Rhead. ( Wikimedia Commons ) [PAR] Some have even argued that Robin Hood may have been a mythological character, and that the stories about him are filled with symbolic meaning. For instance, some have claimed that the traditional color of Robin Hood\u2019s outfit, Lincoln green, was meant to represent the traditional color of fairies. The color green may also be associated with spring, which is featured prominently in the ballads, hence symbolically connecting Robin Hood with life and growth. [PAR] Another argument is that Robin Hood was a medieval trickster character. For instance, Robin Hood has been associated with the Teutonic elf Hodekin, Woden (the Germanic form of Odin) and the hobgoblin known as Robin Goodfellow, known also as Puck. All three figures are supernatural characters, and it has been argued that Robin Hood should also be seen as one of them. [PAR] Robin Goodfellow-Puck by Henry Fuseli ( Wikimedia Commons ) [PAR] Despite these theories, others have claimed that Robin Hood was indeed a real historical figure. Indeed, the early ballads linked Robin Hood with identifiable real places, such as Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire. The biggest problem with this claim, however, is the fact that Robin Hood is a rather common name in medieval England. \u2018Robert\u2019 was a very common given name, as was its diminutive, \u2018Robin\u2019, especially during the 13 th century. \u2018Hood\u2019 was also a relatively frequent surname, as it referred to either a maker of hoods, or a person who wore a hood. Thus, it is entirely possible that there were several Robin Hoods roaming around medieval England, some of whom may even match the description of the legends. [PAR] Statue of Robin Hood in Nottingham. Photo source: BigStockPhoto [PAR] This scenario of multiple Robin Hoods has led to various claims about who the real Robin Hood was. For instance, one writer claimed that Robin Hood was the Earl of Huntington, and was buried in the grounds of Kirklees Priory in West Yorkshire. This is supported by an alleged grave with an inscription indicating that that was Robin Hood\u2019s resting place. [PAR] Another"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Democratic Donkey and the Republican Elephant The Democratic Donkey and the Republican Elephant [PAR] The Democratic Donkey and the Republican Elephant [PAR] Ever wondered what the story was behind these two famous party animals? [PAR] The now-famous Democratic donkey was first associated with Democrat Andrew Jackson's 1828 presidential campaign. His opponents called him a jackass (a donkey), and Jackson decided to use the image of the strong-willed animal on his campaign posters. Later, cartoonist Thomas Nast used the Democratic donkey in newspaper cartoons and made the symbol famous. [PAR] Nast invented another famous symbol\u2014the Republican elephant. In a cartoon that appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1874, Nast drew a donkey clothed in lion's skin, scaring away all the animals at the zoo. One of those animals, the elephant, was labeled \u201cThe Republican Vote.\u201d That's all it took for the elephant to become associated with the Republican Party. [PAR] Democrats today say the donkey is smart and brave, while Republicans say the elephant is strong and dignified."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shaggy Rogers - Scooby-Doo Wiki - Wikia Shaggy Rogers | Scooby-Doo Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Matthew Lillard (2005, 2007, 2010 to Present) [PAR] Age [PAR] 16 [PAR] Norville Chastain \"Shaggy\" Rogers is a fictional character and the main human protagonist of the American animated television series Scooby-Doo , about the adventures of four crime-solving teenagers and Shaggy's pet great dane, Scooby-Doo . Shaggy is a cowardly slacker more interested in eating than solving mysteries. He is the only Scooby-Doocharacter (besides Scooby) to appear in all iterations of the franchise. Shaggy's distinct personality is evident in his speech pattern\u2014punctuating his sentences with the word \"like\", and his appearance\u2014he is lanky, with shaggy brown hair and a rough goatee (no mustache, though), typically sporting a green t-shirt and red bell bottoms. In The 13 Ghosts of Scooby Doo, Scooby Doo Meets the Boo Brothers, Scooby Doo and the Ghoul School, and Scooby Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf, he wore a red T-shirt and blue bell bottoms. [PAR] Both Shaggy and Scooby-Doo are readily bribed with Scooby Snacks due to their nearly insatiable appetites, and have tendencies toward goofing off and cowardice. They justify their constant hunger by saying, \"Being in a constant state of terror makes us constantly hungry!\". [PAR] Both his and Scooby's cowardice (as well as their appetites) have become so ingrained in their characters that they are often portrayed as being expert cowards. Both Shaggy and Scooby are adept runners, have become skilled contortionists due to learning to hide in small places, experts at building barricades from various kinds of furniture and other household objects (even designing one to be collapsible just in case they need to use the barricaded door/entrance as an escape route from the monster/villain). They are also experts in what is scary (both Shaggy and Scooby have been shown to use each other's fears in their competitions in stealing one another's food) due to their being craven cowards (In the episode \" Camp Comeoniwannascareya \" they use this knowledge to help a fellow camp counselor and the campers scare off the camp's greedy owner who wishes to turn the summer camp into a resort for adults and children) [PAR] Shaggy and Scooby have shown to be capable of great physical feats of athletic ability (ability to run at time bordering on superhuman) just through fear alone. He was once able to run on water. He also used his feet to move a boat carrying Scooby, the rest of the gang, plus Velma's sister Madelyn, across a lake while being chased by a flying monster; however, these abilities are mainly comical in nature and Shaggy (along with Scooby) only appear to be capable of said feats when in a state of fear or panic. However, in the most recent DTV 'Scooby Doo: Camp Scare', he shakes the iron bars of an old-fashioned jail cell so hard they collapse out of frustration of being trapped. [PAR] [2] [PAR] Matthew Lillard as Shaggy in the Sooby-Doo film. [PAR] Shaggy was originally voiced by Casey Kasem , who continued in the role for twenty-eight years. Billy West and Scott Innes (who also voiced Scooby for a time) briefly took over the role in several of the direct-to-video films produced in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In 2002, Kasem returned to the role for The WB's new Scooby series What's New, Scooby-Doo? . In the live-action films Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed , along with the rebooted animated series Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated , Shaggy is portrayed by Matthew Lillard ; in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Maria Bicknell, Mrs John Constable', John Constable | Tate 'Maria Bicknell, Mrs John Constable', John Constable, 1816 | Tate [PAR] Catalogue entry [PAR] Display caption [PAR] Maria Bicknell was a daughter of the Solicitor to the Admiralty. Her grandfather was the rector of East Bergholt, where Constable first met her in 1800. The two fell in love in 1809 but, partly because of the rector's opposition, did not marry until 1816. Constable painted Maria\u2019s portrait in July 1816, about three months before their marriage. In August Constable wrote to Maria from Suffolk: \u2018I would not be without your portrait for the world the sight of it soon calms my spirit under all trouble\u2019. Twelve years later Maria died from tuberculosis, leaving seven young children to Constable\u2019s care. [PAR] Gallery label, May 2007 [PAR] Catalogue entry [PAR] N02655 Maria Bicknell, Mrs John Constable Dated July 1816 [PAR] Oil on canvas, 11 15/16\u00d79 7/8 (30.3\u00d725.1). Inscribed by the artist \u2018July. 10 1816\u2019 at left above sitter's shoulder. [PAR] Prov: Executors of Isabel Constable, sold Christie's 17 June 1892 (270, \u2018Portrait of Mrs. Constable\u2019), bt. Murry or Murray \u00a32.2s.; ...; bequeathed by George Salting to the National Gallery 1910; transferred to the Tate Gallery 1951. Accession N02655. [PAR] Exh: Grosvenor Gallery 1889(282); Agnew's 1910(71); Tate Gallery 1937(p.38, No.96); Tate Gallery 1976(143). [PAR] Lit: Holmes 1910, pp.80\u201385; Shirley 1937, pp.lxxvii, 98; Davies 1946, pp.36\u20137; Chamot 1956, p.261; Beckett 1961, Paintings: Misc. VII(10) No.24; Hoozee 1979, No.220. [PAR] Maria Elizabeth Bicknell (1788\u20131828) was a daughter of Charles Bicknell, Solicitor to the Admiralty, and his second wife, Maria Elizabeth Rhudde. The latter's father, the Revd Dr Durand Rhudde, was rector of East Bergholt with Great Wenham, and also of Brantham, Suffolk, as well as a chaplain in ordinary to George III. According to Leslie (1843, p.12, 1951, p.25) it was on one of Maria Bicknell's visits to her grandfather at East Bergholt rectory, in 1800, that she and Constable first met. Not until 1809, however, did they begin to form a close attachment. Their marriage was delayed until 1816 largely because Maria's family, and especially Dr Rhudde, disapproved of their association. No.13 was painted in London on 10 July that year, shortly after the couple had decided to marry as soon as possible despite Dr Rhudde's continued opposition. A date in September was fixed on and Constable went down to East Bergholt, taking the portrait with him. In a letter to Maria from there on 28 July, he wrote: \u2018I am sitting before your portrait - which when I look off the paper - is so extremely like that I can hardly help going up to it - I never had an idea before of the real pleasure that a portrait could afford - \u201cthis sweet remembrancer of one so dear\u201d has caused no smal sensation here in a party last Thursday evng of the Bowens - the Curates &c &c - but no observations have been made excepting as to likeness - which [?Robinson] says is extreme - I know not wether it has yet reached the Rectory - but this I know that I care not - it would be foolish uselessly to irritate this old man [i.e. Dr Rhudde]\u2019 (JCC II, p.189). On 1 August he was going to call on his friend and patron Mrs Godfrey, who was unwell: \u2018she wants to see your portrait\u2019, Constable told Maria, \u2018& as she cannot come out <she> I have promised to take it to her - so that we shall have a walk in the fair together - which is an honor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] VENTA BELGARVM - roman-britain.co.uk VENTA BELGARVM [PAR] Venta Belgarvm [PAR] NNE (23) to Calleva (Silchester, Hampshire) [PAR] SSW (11) to Clavsentvm (Bitterne, Hampshire) [PAR] NW (14) to East Anton (East Anton, Hampshire) [PAR] Iter XV: ENE (19) to Neatham [PAR] SE (32) to Noviomagvs Regnorvm (Chichester, West Sussex) [PAR] SW (12) to Nvrsling (Hampshire) [PAR] W (22) to Sorviodvnvm [PAR] Venta Belgarum - The Market Town of the Belgae [PAR] \"Below the Dobuni\u00b9 are the Belgae\u00b2 and the towns: [PAR] Iscalis 16*00 53\ufffd, Aquae Calidae 17*20 53\ufffd and Venta 18*40 53\ufffd.\" [PAR] Above extract from Ptolemy's Geography [PAR] The Dobunni tribe inhabited Gloucestershire and Hereford & Worcester. [PAR] The Belgae inhabited Hampshire and Avon. [PAR] Of the three names mentioned by Ptolemy the station Iscalis remains unidentified, Aquae Calidae literally 'the hot waters' can only be Aquae Sulis (Bath, Avon), and the final town mentioned is easily equated with Winchester. [PAR] Winchester appears on three (out of fifteen) routes in Britain recorded in the Antonine Itinerary of the late second century: [PAR] In Iter VII \"the route from Chichester to London\", Venta Belgarum occurs in the middle of the Itinerary 10 miles from Clausentum (Bitterne, Hampshire) and 22 miles from Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester, Hampshire). [PAR] Iter XV is entitled \"the route from Calleva to Isca\", and details the journey from the Atrebates capital at Silchester in Hampshire and the civitas capital of the Dumnonii tribe at Exeter in Devon. Winchester appears near the beginning of this Itinerary, again as Venta Belgarum, 21 miles from Vindomis (Neatham, Hampshire) and 11 miles from Briga (Buckholt Farm, Horsebridge, Hampshire). [PAR] Iter XII is entitled \"the route from Muridunum to Viroconium\", and details the journey from Moridunum (Carmarthen, Dyfed, South Wales) and the capital of the Cornovii tribe at Wroxeter in the Midlands. Unfortunately this route has been corrupted at some time in antiquity, and a portion of Iter XII inserted at the beginning, so this third mention of Venta Belgarum may be safely ignored. The confusion was perhaps caused by the dimly recognised station near Honiton in Devon, which appears in Iter XV and shares the same name as the fort at Carmarthen in Iter XII, namely Moridunum. [PAR] Winchester also appears in the seventh century Ravenna Cosmology as Venta Velgarom (R&C#41), this time listed between the unknown entries Onna and Armis. The name Venta Belgarum is an amalgam of the Welsh/Gaelic word venta meaning 'market or market town', and the determinative Belgarum meaning 'of the Belgae', denoting that Winchester was the chief town of this southern British tribe. [PAR] ... The procurator of the weaving-house at Winchester in Britain. ...\" [PAR] Above quote from the Notitia Dignitatum of the 4th/5th century AD [PAR] Epigraphic Evidence from Winchester [PAR] The only inscription on stone recorded in the R.I.B. for Winchester is an altar dedicated to the Matres the 'Mothers' or mother goddesses (vide RIB 88 infra). This fine altarstone is now on display in the British Museum. [PAR] Altarstone to the Mother Goddesses [PAR] MATRIB ITALIS GERMANIS GAL BRIT ANTONIVS LVCRETIANVS BF COS REST [PAR] \"For the Mother Goddesses of Italy, the Germanies, Gaul and Britain, the Beneficiarius Consularis\u00b9 Antonius Lucretianus restored [this temple].\" [PAR] (RIB 88; altarstone) [PAR] A beneficiarius was a soldier excused normal duties in order to perform some specialised function, in this case serving on the staff of the consular governor. [PAR] Other Roman Sites in the Neighbourhood [PAR] As elswhere in southern Britain, the area around this Roman town, the sixth largest in the province, is studded with Romano-British villas: Sparsholt (SU4130), Twyford (SU4824), King's Worthy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dopey - Disney Wiki - Wikia Dopey | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Development [PAR] Character creation [PAR] In the very early stages of pre-production for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Dopey was simply called 'The Seventh'. An armature of each dwarf was constructed as reference for the animators. Perce Pierce, one of the storymen working on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, was particularly active in creating the characters of the dwarfs. Dopey's personality and role were finalized quite late in the process. After someone suggested that Dopey should move like burlesque comedian Eddie Collins, Collins himself was filmed performing actions for Dopey. This helped to define the character's personality. Mel Blanc , known for his voice work in Looney Tunes was hired to voice Dopey, but he was dropped when Dopey was decided to be mute. A similar event would happen with Gideon from Pinocchio . [PAR] Animation [PAR] Though designing the dwarfs was relatively easy, animating them proved to be difficult, as the animators, already finding human figures difficult to animate, now had to animate \"ill-formed\" human figures. Vladimir Tytla noted that the dwarfs should walk with a swing to their hips, and Fred Moore commented that the dwarfs had to move a little more quickly to keep up with the human characters. [PAR] In order to establish Dopey's character during the march home in \" Heigh-Ho \", George Stalling noted traits specific to the character, to be taken into account in the animation: An armature of each dwarf was constructed as reference for the animators. [PAR] Personality [PAR] Dopey is often the butt of the other dwarfs' jokes and his silly, playful actions often annoy the pompous Doc and the short-tempered Grumpy . Not entirely dim-witted, Dopey simply acts in the vein of a toddler or a dog, which explains why his shenanigans are met with little to no punishment or confrontation, aside from a soft clunk on the head, or something along those harmless lines. The dwarfs are apparently used to his goofy actions and simply ignore them, generally. [PAR] Perhaps Dopey's most notable trait is his lack of speech. As mentioned above, Happy states Dopey is simply unaware whether or not he can speak, as he has simply never tried. In spite of this, he can occasionally be heard making various vocals, such as whimpers, hiccups and a one-shot yell. Interestingly, his lack of speech does not seem to trouble the rest of the dwarfs, as they are shown to understand his other forms of communication just fine. Doc, specifically, was able to easily translate Dopey's blathering into a cohesive sentence prior to their first meeting with Snow White . [PAR] Physical appearance [PAR] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] In the 1937 film , Dopey is a short and slender dwarf. Unlike his companions, he has no beard and is completely bald. He has pale skin, baby blue eyes, giant ears, thick black eyebrows, and a small pink cherry nose. He dons a loose olive drab turtleneck tunic with a couple of gold buttons vertically on his chest and sienna patches on his elbows stitched in black thread, a black belt with gold rectangular outlined buckle, blue leggings, a pair of sienna medieval-style shoes, and a purple stocking cap. He is also mute, according to Happy as he tells Snow White that he does not talk and never tries. [PAR] The 7D [PAR] In the 2014 Disney XD television series , he is a short and slender dwarf. He carries white skin, a pink cherry nose,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Biggest Public Companies In Every U.S. State - Forbes The Biggest Public Companies In Every U.S. State [PAR] The Biggest Public Companies In Every U.S. State [PAR] {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} [PAR] Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. [PAR] Full Bio [PAR] The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe [PAR] Most Americans are familiar with , , , and \u2014huge companies, whose products many of us interact with on a daily basis. But how about General Communications, Inc.? [PAR] Based in Anchorage, Alaska, General Communications bills itself as that state's biggest provider of wireless network, with the fastest high-speed internet and digital cable television for home and business . Its market cap, as of close of trading on Nov. 3, is $472 million. Nothing to sneeze at, yet compared to America's largest public company, Apple--which has a market capitalization of $641.8 billion\u2014General Communications is just 0.07% Apple's size. Nonetheless, General Communications, Inc., is Alaska's largest public company. [PAR] Forbes' annual list of The Best States for Business is just around the corner, so we thought it an apt time to take a look at the largest public companies in each of the 50 states, plus the District of Columbia. To compile our list, we captured the market capitalization for all public companies traded on the major U.S. exchanges as of the end of the trading day on Nov. 3, using data provided by FactSet. Companies were sorted by the state where they have their headquarters. For each of the states, we highlight the top three in terms of market cap. [PAR] Some of the names will be familiar\u2014California's top three, for instance, are Apple, Google, and Wells Fargo. But plenty, we think, may surprise you. [PAR] 52 images [PAR] Take New Mexico. The largest company in that state is the $2.3 billion (market cap), Albuquerque-based PNM Resources, Inc., an energy holding company that provides electricity to homes in Northern New Mexico and Western Texas. In second place is EMCORE Corporation, a tiny fraction of PNM Resources' size with a $156.2 million market cap. EMCORE, also based in Albuquerque, makes semiconductor-based products for use in telecom, broadband, defense & homeland security, satellite and solar power. [PAR] Some states, it seems, get all the riches in terms of market cap (California chief among them). But others have a surprising richness of large cap companies. In Rhode Island, Woonsocket-based CVS Health Corporation, the drugstore retail chain, leads the pack with a market cap of $101.6 billion. Next in that state is Citizens Financial Group, Inc., a Providence-based $13.4 billion market cap company and former subsidiary of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS)--headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland--which returned to the U.S. stock market in September. Industrial conglomerate Textron, Inc., which includes Bell Helicopter and Cessna Aircraft, is Rhode Island's third-largest public company, with a market cap of $11.7 billion. [PAR] Among the biggest companies by state traded on the major exchanges, the five smallest are located in New Mexico, Wyoming, Alaska, and Vermont. The smallest company on a major exchange to make our list is $68.2 million (market cap) Anchorage-based Alaska Communications Systems Group, Inc., which provides broadband to businesses and consumers in Alaska and claims to have \"the most diverse undersea fiber optic system connecting Alaska to the contiguous United States.\" The next two smallest are both located in Wyoming: $73.2 million (market cap) Riverton-based U.S. Energy Corp., an oil and natural gas exploration company, and $78.9"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bart Simpson - Simpsons Wiki - Wikia Bart Simpson | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Neil Patrick Harris (film-within-film Bart the Murderer ) [PAR] \u201cTake it to the bank boys, this one's just like Bart.\u201d [PAR] \u2015Bart's catchphrase Bartholomew [3] JoJo Reference \"Bart\" Simpson (born April 1 [4] /February 23 [5] ), also known as \" El Barto ,\" \"The boy\" ( Homer Simpson ), and \" Bartman ,\" is the tritagonist of The Simpsons . He is the mischievous, rebellious, misunderstood and \"potentially dangerous\" eldest child of Homer and Marge Simpson , and the older brother of Lisa and Maggie . He also has been nicknamed Cosmo, after discovering a comet in \" Bart's Comet \". Bart's also been on the cover on numerous comics, such as \"Critical Hit\", \"Simpsons Treasure Trove #11\" and \"Winter Wingding\". Bart also has a whole comic series known as the Simpson Comics Presents Bart Simpson. Bart is loosely based on Matt Groening and his older brother, Mark. [PAR] Even at a young age Bart has accomplished many feats. He has won an award for his Angry Dad web series. He has discovered a new comet which was named after himself and he also has perfomed in a successful band with Milhouse Van Houten , Nelson Muntz and Ralph Wiggum . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Young Bart [PAR] Bart is a self-proclaimed underachiever who is constantly in detention. He is easily distracted. His penchant for shocking people began before he was born: Bart \"mooned\" Dr. Hibbert while he performed a sonogram on Marge, and moments after being born he set fire to Homer's tie (Marge saying that he could not have done it on purpose because he was only ten minutes old). Bart's first words were \" Ay Caramba \". [PAR] Bart's interests include Krusty the Clown (he is \"Krusty Buddy\" number 16302), reading comic books (especially Radioactive Man ), watching TV (especially The Krusty the Clown Show ), terrorizing Lisa , playing video games, helping Lisa solve various problems (e.g. reuniting Krusty with his estranged Father ), and pulling off various pranks, (such as mooning unsuspecting people, prank calling Moe at his tavern , and his patented spitting off an overpass). Bart also sprays graffiti under the alias 'El Barto', and regularly frequents the Kwik-E-Mart (for bubble gum and Squishees ) and The Android's Dungeon . Yuma Hickman moved to Springfield when Marge was pregnant with Bart. [PAR] Bart hinted that his favorite movies are Jaws and the Star Wars trilogy. [6] His best friend is Milhouse Van Houten . [PAR] He is the most misunderstood of the family (After Maggie, who currently can only speak two words), constantly frustrated by the narrow-minded people of Springfield , who judge him merely by his thoughts and actions. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] Family [PAR] Homer strangling Bart [PAR] Due to Bart's mischievousness and Homer's often uncaring and incompetent behavior, the two have a turbulent relationship. Bart will often address Homer by his given name instead of \"Dad\" (when he was a baby, this was because other adults would refer to him as this), while Homer in turn often refers to him as \"the boy\". Usually when Homer finds out that Bart has said or done something stupid or bad, he yells \" Why you little! \" (often followed by throttling him) or simply \"BART!\" Bart once returned the favor when he learned that Homer, in order to buy back incriminating photos of his dropping Bart down as a baby, spent all the money that had been earned by starring in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Natatorium - definition of natatorium by The Free Dictionary Natatorium - definition of natatorium by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Natatorium - definition of natatorium by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/natatorium [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] na\u00b7ta\u00b7to\u00b7ri\u00b7um [PAR] (n\u0101\u2032t\u0259-t\u00f4r\u2032\u0113-\u0259m, n\u0103t\u2032\u0259-) [PAR] n. [PAR] An indoor swimming pool. [PAR] [Late Latin nat\u0101t\u014drium, place for swimming, from neuter of Latin nat\u0101t\u014drius, of swimming, from nat\u0101tus, act of swimming, from past participle of nat\u0101re, frequentative of n\u0101re, to swim; see natatorial.] [PAR] natatorium [PAR] n, pl -riums or -ria (-r\u026a\u0259) [PAR] (Swimming, Water Sports & Surfing) rare a swimming pool, esp an indoor pool [PAR] [C20: from Late Latin: swimming place, pool] [PAR] na\u2022ta\u2022to\u2022ri\u2022um [PAR] (\u02ccne\u026a t\u0259\u02c8t\u0254r i \u0259m, -\u02c8to\u028ar-, \u02ccn\u00e6t \u0259-) [PAR] n., pl. -to\u2022ri\u2022ums, -to\u2022ri\u2022a (-\u02c8t\u0254r i \u0259, -\u02c8to\u028ar-) [PAR] a swimming pool, esp. one that is indoors. [PAR] [1885\u201390; < Late Latin nat\u0101t\u014drium swimming place, derivative of Latin nat\u0101(re) to swim] [PAR] natatorium"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corridors of Power: C. P. Snow: Amazon.com: Books Corridors of Power: C. P. Snow: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Corridors of Power [PAR] Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Next [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . [PAR] New York Times best sellers [PAR] Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more [PAR] Product Details [PAR] Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #10,698,843 in Books ( See Top 100 in Books ) [PAR] Customer Reviews [PAR] By C. L Wilson on March 8, 2006 [PAR] Apparently, it was Snow who coined the phrase \"corridors of power\" in an earlier book. This one is all about English politics, and the machinations that go on in trying to change policy. I suspect it was far more riveting to an English reader who knows more about the workings of Parliament than I do. Rather dry, and involved, with many, many characters. Only in the last fifty pages or so is there any semblance of suspense. As usual, Lewis Eliot is the narrator and at the heart of matters. Exactly how he got to be such a confidante of Roger Quaife, who seems to be a Minister in another department, I never could figure out. Snow, I suspect, lived these times and questions, but perhaps he was too close to see that his reader might need a little more explanation. Quaife is trying to disengage England from the nuclear arms race, a thoroughly admirable position, but one which would have required Parliament to own up to the fact that England was no longer a super power, a hard pill to swallow indeed. Many times, throughout the book, one or another character expresses the thought that no man can really do much of anything, that government will go on in its own way no matter who is at the helm. If you like to read about power and politics, all the weavings in and out, and subplots, the goings on behind the top, this book would probably rate high with you. I do not think it Snow's best. Once again, he is too detached. Too close to the heartbeat of things. [PAR] On rereading this six years later, I see that like \"The Affair\", and \"The Conscience of the Rich\", this one too is about reputation and honor and conscience, very much so. A running theme with Snow apparently. And yet another one that is not about Lewis Eliot at all, but about other characters and arenas of life. I do not disagree with my earlier review, but now I see the distance Snow has chosen. In \"The Affair\", the plot revolved around Howard and Cambridge, in \"Conscience\", about the March family, and the world of the truly wealthy, and now, the 3rd, about Roger Quaife and the workings of Parliament. Eliot, as a character, is really only the narrator of all the events and - way too much so - the dissector of all the characters' natures, reasons for acting, etc. That got a bit much. Too intricate, far too much delving into the various psyches. But his emphasis on the nature of the times, and the questions and events being too much for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ARS - Argentine Peso rates, news, and tools - XE.com ARS - Argentine Peso rates, news, and tools [PAR] ARS - Argentine Peso [PAR] Argentina, Peso [PAR] The Argentine Peso is the currency of Argentina. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Argentina Peso exchange rate is the USD to ARS rate . The currency code for Pesos is ARS, and the currency symbol is $. Below, you'll find Argentine Peso rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take ARS rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Smeaton's Tower - Plymouth Museums Smeaton's Tower - Plymouth Museums [PAR] Smeaton's Tower [PAR] Come to Smeaton's Tower [PAR] Our historic lighthouse is more than 250 years old and is one of the city\u2019s landmark buildings. Climb the 93 steps to the top and enjoy panoramic views of Plymouth and beyond! [PAR] Smeaton\u2019s Tower is the third and most notable Eddystone Lighthouse. In use from 1759 to 1877, it was largely dismantled and rebuilt on Plymouth Hoe in Plymouth, Devon, where it now stands as a memorial to its designer, John Smeaton, a celebrated civil engineer. [PAR] Useful links"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full Form of IKEA ? - FullForms Full Form of IKEA ? - FullForms [PAR] : [PAR] What does IKEA mean? [PAR] IKEA is a privately held, international home products company that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture such as beds and desks, appliances and home accessories.Founded in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden, the company is named as an acronym comprising the initials of the founder\u2019s name (Ingvar Kamprad), the farm (Elmtaryd Agunnaryd) where he grew up. [PAR] SHARE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shin Splints - Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome - Verywell Shin Splints - Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome [PAR] Shin Splints [PAR] By Jonathan Cluett, MD - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. [PAR] Updated April 19, 2016 [PAR] The term shin splints is a common misnomer in sports medicine. It does not imply a specific diagnosis, rather it is the symptom of pain over the front of the tibia (shin) bone. The pain from shin splints can be due to either problems of the muscles, the bone, or the attachment of the muscle to the bone. Therefore, 'shin splints' is simply the name given to pain over the front of the lower leg . [PAR] Causes of Shin Splints [PAR] The symptoms of shin splints can be caused by several conditions. [PAR] These conditions include: [PAR] Exercise induced compartment syndrome [PAR] Shin splints are most commonly due to overuse. When the overuse causes irritation to the tendons and the attachment of these tendons to the bone, the condition is called medial tibial stress syndrome. This is what most people are talking about when they use the words shin splints as a diagnosis. [PAR] Medial tibial stress syndrome , or shin splints as most people call this problem, is commonly seen in athletes who suddenly increase their duration or intensity of training. This type of shin splints may also be seen in athletes who have very high demand training levels, such as marathon runners, even if their training levels are not dramatically increased. [PAR] Some people seem more prone to development of medial tibial stress syndrome, and this can be a source of frustration for these individuals. [PAR] Everyone has a different body, and each persons body mechanics differ slightly. One factor commonly implicated in causing shin splints is overpronation. Pronation occurs when the foot flattens out when weight is applied. The normal foot should flatten slightly, meaning pronation is a normal foot motion. [PAR] Overpronation occurs when the foot becomes too flattened out causing the foot to roll inwards. This can cause increased demand on the muscle over the front of the leg and may lead to complaints of shin splints. [PAR] Making The Diagnosis [PAR] As mentioned previously, the term shin splints is not actually a diagnosis, but a group of problems that causes a typical pain. Therefore, your doctor with perform a careful medical history and physical examination to determine the cause of the shin splints. The area of maximal tenderness may be different in patient who have different underlying problems causing shin splints. There are also physical examination tests that can help determine the cause of the shin splints. [PAR] Patients with medial tibial stress syndrome typically have a dull, aching type of pain on the inside of their tibia bone. On examination, patients with medial tibial stress syndrome will often be tender over this same part of the tibia. Patients may or may not have a small amount of detectable swelling over this part of the tibia. [PAR] Some specific maneuvers, especially resisted plantar flexion (pushing down of the foot against resistance), typically causes an increase of symptoms. [PAR] In order to determine the underlying cause of the shin splints your physician may order tests including x-rays, MRIs, or a bone scan. The x-ray can detect fractures, and occasionally detect long-standing stress fractures . MRIs and bone scans are useful tests to determine if there are signs of a more recent stress fracture. The bone scan will detect areas of high bone turnover; these \u2018hot\u2019 areas indicate possible stress fractures or other bone problems. Patients with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Ring of Fire? - NOAA Ocean Explorer What is the Ring of Fire? [PAR] Ocean Exploration Facts | One Ocean, Many Features [PAR] The Ring of Fire is a string of underwater volcanoes and earthquake sites around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. [PAR] An explosion near the summit of West Mata volcano within the Lau Basin throws ash and rock, while molten lava glows below. The image area is about six feet (1.8 meters) across in an eruptive zone about the length of a football field that runs along the summit. Image courtesy of NSF and NOAA. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The Northeast Lau Basin, located near Fiji, is a part of the Ring of Fire where ocean plates both come together and separate at the highest rates on the planet. [PAR] Several expeditions to the area have revealed that the basin is home to one of the most concentrated areas of active submarine volcanism and hot springs found anywhere on Earth. [PAR] Did you know that most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located underwater, along the aptly named Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean? The Ring of Fire includes more than 450 volcanoes. It stretches for nearly 25,000 miles, running in the shape of a horseshoe (as opposed to an actual ring) from the southern tip of South America, along the west coast of North America, across the Bering Strait, down through Japan, and into New Zealand. [PAR] The Ring of Fire is the result of plate tectonics. Much of the volcanic activity occurs along subduction zones which are convergent plate boundaries where two tectonic plates come together. The heavier plate is shoved (or subducted) under the other plate. When this happens, melting of the plates produces magma. The magma rises up through the overlying plate, erupting to the surface as a volcano. [PAR] Subduction zones are also where Earth\u2019s deepest ocean trenches are located and where deep earthquakes happen. The trenches form because as one plate subducts under another, it is bent downward. Earthquakes occur as the two plates scrape against each other and as the subducting plate bends.[DOC] [TLE] The Ring of Fire - Pacific Ocean - About.com Education The Ring of Fire - Pacific Ocean [PAR] Share [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] The Ring of Fire is a 25,000 mile (40,000 km) horseshoe-shaped area of intense volcanic and seismic ( earthquake ) activity that follows the edges of the Pacific Ocean. Receiving its fiery name from the 452 active and dormant volcanoes that lie within it, the Ring of Fire includes 75% of the world's active volcanoes and is also responsible for 90% of the world's earthquakes. [PAR] Where Is the Ring of Fire? [PAR] The Ring of Fire is an arc of mountains, volcanoes, and oceanic trenches that stretch from New Zealand northward along the eastern edge of Asia, then east across the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and then south along the western coasts of North and South America. [PAR] What Created the Ring of Fire? [PAR] The Ring of Fire was created by plate tectonics . Tectonic plates are like giant rafts on the Earth's surface that often slide next to, collide with, and are forced underneath each other. The Pacific Plate is quite large and thus it borders (and interacts) with a number of large and small plates. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Pacific Ring of Fire [PAR] The interactions between the Pacific Plate and its surrounding tectonic plates creates a tremendous amount of energy, which, in turn, easily melts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek God Artemis - Greek Mythology Artemis [PAR] Artemis [PAR] See More Artemis Pictures > [PAR] Artemis was the goddess of chastity, virginity, the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment. [PAR] She was the daughter of Zeus and Leto , twin sister of Apollo . She was born on the island of Ortygia (Delos), where Leto had found shelter after being hunted by the lawful wife of Zeus , Hera . As soon as Artemis was born, she helped her mother give birth to her twin brother, thereby becoming the protector of childbirth and labour. She asked her father to grant her eternal chastity and virginity, and never gave in to any potential lovers; devoted to hunting and nature, she rejected marriage and love. [PAR] She was the protector of nature and the hunt; both wild and tame animals were under her protection. She also protected the agriculture and animal herding. [PAR] Artemis appeared in a number of myths . In the myth of Actaeon , he was a hunting companion of Artemis ; at some point, he saw the goddess naked bathing in a spring and tried to rape her. As a punishment, Artemis transformed him into a stag and his hounds killed him. In the myth of Orion which has various versions, Orion was also a hunting companion of Artemis and the only person to have won her heart. However, he was accidentally killed either by the goddess or by a scorpion which was sent by Gaea . In another myth, Callisto was one of the followers of Artemis and thus she had remained a virgin. Zeus , however, changing his form to resemble Artemis , managed to seduce and rape her, impregnating her. Callisto gave birth to Arcas, but later, she was transformed into a bear either by Hera or Artemis . Arcas almost killed his mother, but Zeus stopped him and placed Callisto in the heavens as a constellation. According to other sources, both Callisto and Arcas were turned into the Ursa Minor and the Ursa Major constellations. [PAR] Artemis Is also called Diana, Diana.[DOC] [TLE] Artemis - Greek Mythology Wiki - Wikia Artemis | Greek Mythology Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Weapons [PAR] Silver Bow and Arrows [PAR] Artemis (Ancient Greek: \u1f0c\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c2) was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities. Her Roman equivalent is Diana. Some scholars believe that the name, and indeed the goddess herself, was originally pre-Greek. Homer refers to her as Artemis Agrotera, Potnia Theron: \"Artemis of the wildland, Mistress of Animals\". The Arcadians believed she was the daughter of Demeter . [PAR] In the classical period of Greek mythology, Artemis was often described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto , and the twin sister of Apollo . She was the Hellenic goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and protector of young girls, bringing and relieving disease in women; she often depicted as a huntress carrying a Bow & Arrows . The deer, wolves , and the cypress were sacred to her. In later Hellenistic times she also assumed the ancient role of Eileithyia in aiding childbirth. [PAR] Ancient Greek writers linked Artemis (Doric Artamis) by way of folk etymology to artemes (\u1f00\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2) \"safe\" or artamos (\u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2) \"butcher\". However, the name Artemis (variants Arktemis, Arktemisa) is most likely related to Greek \u00e1rktos \"bear\" (from PIE *h\u2082\u0155\u0325t\u1e31os), supported by the bear cult that the goddess had in Attica (Brauronia) and the Neolithic remains at the Arkoudiotissa Cave, as well as the story about Callisto, which was originally about Artemis (Arcadian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] nepot-, nepo- - Word Information nepot-, nepo- - Word Information [PAR] nepot-, nepo- [PAR] (Latin: nephew; grandson, grandchild; descendant [family member]; nepotism, et al.) [PAR] Said to be used in the Middle Ages by Catholic popes to show favoritism to their illegitimate children for positions of power. The use of \"nephew\" was a euphemism for their \"out-of-wedlock\" offspring. [PAR] nepotal [PAR] Of the nature of, belonging to or pertaining to, a nephew or nephews. [PAR] nepotic [PAR] 1. Inclined to, of the nature of, nepotism. [PAR] 2. Holding the position of a nephew. [PAR] nepotious [PAR] Excessively fond of one's nephews. [PAR] nepotism [PAR] 1. Favoritism shown to relatives, especially in appointments to desirable [good-paying] positions. [PAR] 2. The practice, on the part of the Popes or other ecclesiastics (and hence of other persons), of showing special favor to nephews or other relatives in conferring offices; unfair preference for nephews or relatives instead of others who are better qualified for the positions. [PAR] nepotist [PAR] One who practices nepotism or one who gives his relatives good jobs, or positions, usually only because they are relatives and not for their skills or merits. [PAR] <img src=\"/img/left_arrow_sm.gif\" alt=\"\" /> <img src=\"/img/right_arrow_sm.gif\" alt=\"\" /> [PAR] Showing 1 page of 5 main-word entries or main-word-entry groups."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia Bugs Bunny | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [Source] [PAR] Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character, best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of theatrical short films produced by Warner Bros. during the 1940s, 50s and 60s. His popularity during this era led to his becoming an American cultural icon, as well as a corporate mascot of the Warner Bros. company. He was created by the staff of Leon Schlesinger Productions (later Warner Bros. Cartoons ) and voiced originally by the \"Man of a Thousand Voices\", Mel Blanc . [PAR] Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray hare and is famous for his relaxed, passive personality, pronounced New York accent (Blanc described the voice as being a mixture of Brooklyn and Bronx accents [1] ), depiction as a mischievous trickster, and his catchphrase \"Eh, what's up, doc?\" (usually said while chewing a carrot). Bugs has appeared in more films (both short and feature-length) than any other cartoon character, has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and is the 9th most-portrayed film personality in the world. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Bugs' precursor [PAR] Bugs' evolution from Happy Rabbit to the present [PAR] Happy Rabbit , a hare with some of the personality of Bugs (though looking very different), made his first appearance in the cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt , released on April 30, 1938. Co-directed by Ben Hardaway and an uncredited Cal Dalton (who was responsible for the initial design of the rabbit), this short has an almost identical plot to Tex Avery 's Porky's Duck Hunt , which had introduced Daffy Duck . Hare Hunt replaced the little black duck with a small white rabbit. Porky Pig was again cast as a hunter tracking a silly prey who is more interested in driving his pursuer insane and less interested in escaping. Happy introduced himself with the odd expression \"Jiggers, fellers,\" and Mel Blanc gave the character a voice and laugh much like those he would later use for Woody Woodpecker. Hare Hunt also gave Happy the famous Groucho Marx line, \"Of course you realize, this means war!\" The rabbit character was popular enough with audiences that the Termite Terrace staff decided to use it again. [PAR] Happy returned in the short Prest-O Change-O , directed by Chuck Jones , where he is the pet rabbit of unseen character Sham-Fu The Magician. Two dogs, fleeing the local dogcatcher, enter his absent master's house. Happy harasses them, but is ultimately bested by the bigger of the two dogs. [PAR] Happy's third appearance came in Hare-um Scare-um , once again directed by Cal and Ben. This short (the first in which he is depicted as a gray bunny instead of a white one) is also notable as Happy's first singing role. Charlie Thorson, lead animator on the short, gave the character a different name. He had written \"Bugs' Bunny\" on the model sheet that he drew for Ben. In promotional material for the short, including a surviving 1939 press kit, the name on the model sheet was altered to become the rabbit's own name: \"Bugs\" Bunny (quotation marks only used, on and off, until 1944). [PAR] In Chuck Jones' Elmer's Candid Camera , Happy met Elmer Fudd for the first time. In this cartoon, Happy looked more like the present-day Bugs, taller and with a similar face\u2014-but retaining the more primitive voice. Candid Cameras Elmer character design was also different: fatter and taller than the modern model, although Arthur Q."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sopwith Camel - World War I Fighter - About.com Education Sopwith Camel - World War I Fighter [PAR] Guns: 2 \u00d7 .30 cal. Vickers machine guns [PAR] Sopwith Camel - Design & Development: [PAR] Designed by Herbert Smith, the Sopwith Camel was a follow-on aircraft to the Sopwith Pup . A largely successful aircraft, the Pup had become outclassed by new German fighters, such as the Albatros D.III in early 1917. The result was a period known as \"Bloody April\" which saw Allied squadrons sustain heavy losses. Initially known as the \"Big Pup\" the Camel was initially powered by a 110 hp Clerget 9Z engine and featured a visually heavier fuselage than its predecessor. This was largely composed of fabric over a wooden frame with plywood panels around the cockpit and an aluminum engine cowling. [PAR] Structurally, the aircraft featured a straight upper wing with a very pronounced dihedral on the lower wing. The new Camel was the first British fighter to utilize twin .30 cal. Vickers machine guns firing through the propeller. The fairing over the guns' breeches formed a \"hump\" which led to the aircraft's name. [PAR] Within in the fuselage, the engine, pilot, guns, and fuel were grouped within the first seven feet of the aircraft. This forward center of gravity, coupled with the significant gyroscopic effect of the rotary engine, made the aircraft difficult to fly particularly for novice aviators. The Sopwith Camel was known to climb in a left turn and dive in a right turn. Mishandling the aircraft often could lead to a dangerous spin. Also, the aircraft was known to be consistently tail heavy in level flight at low altitudes and required steady forward pressure on the control stick to maintain a steady altitude. While these handling characteristics challenged pilots, they also made the Camel extremely maneuverable and lethal in combat when flown by a skilled pilot such as Canadian ace William George Barker . [PAR] Flying for the first time on December 22, 1916, with Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker at the controls, the prototype Camel impressed and the design was further developed. Accepted into service by the Royal Flying Corps as the Sopwith Camel F.1, the majority of the production aircraft were powered by 130 hp Clerget 9B engine. The first order for the aircraft was issued by the War Office in May 1917. Subsequent orders saw the production run total around 5,490 aircraft. During its production, the Camel was fitted with a variety of engines including the 140 hp Clerget 9Bf, 110 hp Le Rhone 9J, 100 hp Gnome Monosoupape 9B-2, and 150 hp Bentley BR1. [PAR] Sopwith Camel - Operational History: [PAR] Arriving at the front in June 1917, the Camel debuted with No.4 Squadron Royal Naval Air Service and quickly showed its superiority over the best German fighters, including both the Albatros D.III and D.V. The aircraft next appeared with No. 70 Squadron RFC and ultimately would be flown by over fifty RFC squadrons. An agile dogfighter, the Camel, along with the Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a and the French SPAD S.XIII , played a key role in reclaiming the skies over the Western Front for the Allies. In addition to British use, 143 Camels were purchased by the American Expeditionary Force and flown by several of its squadrons. The aircraft was also used by Belgian and Greek units. [PAR] In addition to service ashore, a navalized version of the Camel, the 2F.1, was developed for use by the Royal Navy. This aircraft featured a slightly shorter wingspan and replaced one of the Vickers machine guns with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Drizella Tremaine - Disney Wiki - Wikia Drizella Tremaine | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Drizella Tremaine is one of two tertiary antagonists in Disney 's 1950 animated feature film Cinderella and the 2015 live-action film and the secondary antagonist in Cinderella III: A Twist in Time . She is Cinderella 's stepsister, Anastasia 's biological older sister and Lady Tremaine 's eldest daughter. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Background [PAR] Personality [PAR] Drizella is portrayed as ugly both inside and out and not very graceful. She tries to destroy Cinderella's life in all conditions in the first and third movie of the series. She is very jealous of Cinderella's success and beauty and enjoyed seeing her slave under her, her sister, and mother, and even their cat. Unlike her sister, Anastasia, who eventually changes her spiteful ways and develops into a kind and good-natured woman, Drizella remains largely mean, selfish and rude throughout the series, never truly overcoming her hatred of Cinderella. [PAR] In the initial movie, Drizella is shown to be very selfish, spoiled and greedy, much like her sister, Anastasia, and her mother, Lady Tremaine. In Cinderella II: Dreams Come True , Drizella stated that Anastasia's love for the town's baker would have made them the laughing stock of the entire town, despite the fact that in Cinderella III: A Twist in Time , she and her mother end up becoming scullery maids. She and her mother, however, in the end, became toads before being changed back to their original forms. Nonetheless, she did have some degree of care for her biological sister Anastasia, even being visibly shocked by her mother's cruel treatment of Anastasia in the ending of the aforementioned segment in Cinderella II. [PAR] Physical appearance [PAR] Drizella has a slender figure, fair skin, black eyes and shoulder-length, dark brown hair with rolled locks on the back. In Cinderella III: A Twist of Time, her hair is raven black. [PAR] Her trademark appearance is different shades of yellow, chartreuse and light green long short-sleeved dress and a matching yellow flats. Her dark brown hair styled in rolled locks along with a light blue ribbon on her head. In the ballroom scene and after ripping Cinderella's dress along with Anastasia, her trademark dress is now in different shades of green with cyan frill outlines and has a single teal feather on her head. [PAR] She also has large, ungainly feet, as evidenced by the attempt at trying to fit Cinderella's glass slipper on her nearing the end of the film. [PAR] In her later appearance in both sequels, Drizella's hair color changes from brown up to black and the color of her trademark dress has changed in every sequel. Her dress is chartreuse-and-olive in Cinderella II: Dreams Come True and different shades of green in Cinderella III: A Twist of Time. [PAR] Her sleepwear is identical to Anastasia's, a long sleeve nightgown with a white ribbon in the center and the color is chartreuse and a matching sleeping hat. [PAR] When she was a child, her hair is a lighter brown in the same style and wears different shades of a yellow long short-sleeved dress with a white winged collar and a red gem in the center. [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Cinderella [PAR] Drizella in the original film. [PAR] Drizella's mother constantly plots to ruin Cinderella and has no qualms about hurting her feelings. Lady Tremaine is well aware of her older daughter's nice and good manners but can trigger Drizella's anger with a mere handful of casually-delivered words. In a particularly distressing scene"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Delphinus delphis (Atlantic Dolphin, Pacific Dolphin ... Delphinus delphis (Atlantic Dolphin, Pacific Dolphin, Saddle-backed Dolphin, Short-beaked Common Dolphin, Short-beaked Saddleback Dolphin) [PAR] Geographic Range [top] [PAR] Range Description: [PAR] The short-beaked common dolphin is an oceanic species that is widely distributed in tropical to cool temperate waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Perrin 2002), from nearshore waters to thousands of kilometers offshore. They regularly occur in some enclosed seas, such as the Okhotsk Sea and Sea of Japan, and separate subpopulations exist in the Mediterranean and Black seas. Short-beaked common dolphins may occur in parts of the Indian Ocean around southeastern Africa and southern Australia, but previous records of this species in other parts of the Indian Ocean and in waters of Taiwan are now thought to have been of long-beaked common dolphins (D. capensis; Jefferson and Van Waerebeek 2002). [PAR] Countries occurrence: [PAR] Native: [PAR] Albania; Algeria; Argentina; Australia; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Brazil; Bulgaria; Canada; Chile; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cyprus; Denmark; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; France; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Honduras; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Lebanon; Libya; Malta; Mauritania; Mexico; Monaco; Montenegro; Morocco; Namibia; Netherlands; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Norway; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Panama; Peru; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; Saint Barth\u00e9lemy; Senegal; Slovenia; South Africa; Spain; Syrian Arab Republic; Tunisia; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom; United States (Georgia); Western Sahara [PAR] Vagrant: [PAR] Population [top] [PAR] Population: [PAR] This is a very abundant species, with many available estimates for the various areas where it occurs. In the Pacific, 2,963,000 (CV=24%) was estimated for the eastern tropical Pacific (Gerrodette and Forcada 2002), and an average of 352.000 (CV = 18%) was estimated for the US west coast based on surveys between 1991 and 2005 (Barlow and Forney in press). Off California, common dolphins show seasonal and inter-annual changes in abundance due to shifts in distribution (Forney and Barlow 1998). [PAR] In the Atlantic, abundance in European continental shelf waters was estimated at 63,400 (95%CI=27,000-149,000) in 2005 (SCANS-II project; P. Hammond pers. comm.). Offshore, abundance in a block bounded by 53-57\u00baN and 18-29\u00baW was estimated at 273,000 (95%CI=153,000-435,000) in 1995 (Ca\u00f1adas et al. in press). West of the Bay of Biscay, 62,000 common dolphins were estimated in the fishing grounds of the albacore tuna driftnet fishery in 1993 (Goujon 1996). In the western North Atlantic, 121,000 (CV=0.23) were estimated to occur (Waring et al. 2006). [PAR] In the western Mediterranean, abundance has been estimated at 19,400 (95%CI=15,300-22,800) in the northern Albor\u00e1n Sea between 2000 and 2004 (Ca\u00f1adas 2006). Once one of the most common species in the Mediterranean Sea, the short-beaked common dolphin has experienced a generalized and major decline during the last 30-40 years (Bearzi et al. 2003). Dramatic negative trends were recorded in portions of the central Mediterranean, particularly in the northern Adriatic Sea and in the eastern Ionian Sea (Bearzi et al. 2004; 2006). Recent genetic studies indicate that population structure within the Mediterranean reflects differences in distribution pattern and habitat use by short-beaked common dolphins in the eastern (where the species is predominantly coastal) and western (where it is predominantly pelagic) portions of the basin (Natoli 2004). Genetic exchange between short-beaked common dolphins from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, to the extent that it occurs, appears to involve predominantly animals from the Albor\u00e1n Sea (Natoli 2004). [PAR] The population size in the Black Sea is unknown. Line transect surveys have been conducted recently to estimate common dolphin abundance in a few parts of the range."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates - TEN Guide Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates - TEN Guide [UAE] [PAR] A Member of The Emirates Network [PAR] Home : The Basics : The Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates [PAR] Abu Dhabi (aboo dub-bee): It is the federal capital of the United Arab Emirates and is the largest Emirate in the UAE. The name Abu Dhabi means 'Father of the Gazelle'. Visitors coming from the state of the art Abu Dhabi International Airport will find many nice surprises as they pass the Al Maqtaa Bridge. The central part of the emirate is found on an Island known as Abu Dhabi City, and the island was connected to the mainland by two bridges. Abu Dhabi City is a beautiful garden city of boulevards, green parks, and water fountains. [PAR] Dubai (do-bay or do-buy): Dubai is a city of contrasts, where the old and new [PAR] makes it a mysterious exciting place to it's visitors. It is a very welcoming city and increasingly becoming very well known worldwide. Some people believe \"Dubai' is a shorter form of the word \"Daba\" meaning a prospering or florishing market. It has several names such as the City of Gold because of its famed Gold Market, and The City that Cares since the merchants set aside money from its promotions for charities. Dubai has worked very hard to achieve its fame. It is also the venue of many major world class sporting events such as the Dubai Desert Classic Gulf Tournament, the ATP-sanctioned Dubai Tennis Championships, the Dubai Sevens (Rugby Meetings), the Emirates Grand Prix (off-shore Power Boat Championship), the UAE Desert Challenge, and the Dubai World Cup (the world's richest horse-race). [PAR] Sharjah or ash Shariqah [PAR] (shar-ja): This city is also known as The City of Knowledge. It is known for it beautiful and impressive achitectual buildings, mosques, museums and distinctive Islamic designed souqs. It is a great place to visit and see the Al Buheirah Corniche and its local resturants such as The Al Sha-abiah Resturant on the Corniche and the Fisherman's Wharf overlooking the poolside and Khalid's Lagoon. Sharjah has many beautiful gardens and a nice atmosphere. Being in Sharjah gives you easy access to Dubai and Ajman. Sharjah also encompasses some beautiful oasis areas such as Al Dhaid where you can see many vegetables and fruit such as strawberries being grown. [PAR] Ajman (aj-man): This is the smallest Emirate of the United Arab Emirates and lies between Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain. The central area of Ajman is developed, while the rural area has many farms. It has a few good fast food resturants, a City Centre (shopping mall) and cinema, and a traditional Islamic designed souq. [PAR] Fujairah (foo-jay-ra): This Emirate has a beautiful and very scenic mountain scenery and the winding roads are part of its beauty as you always wonder what scene is at the next turn. It has waterfalls and beautiful untouched beaches which are a major attraction to tourists and visitors from abroad and within the UAE. The beaches are a great attraction to divers who enjoy discovering the amazing marine paradise of the UAE coasts . It is definately a major resort area. [PAR] Umm Al Quwain (um al kee-wayne): This is an Emirate where people like to go sailing and bird watching. It is famous for its Multi-million dirham \"Dreamland\" Aqua park [PAR] which attracts thousands of visitors. Umm Al Qaiwain's popular archaelogical sites are Ad Door, a florishing port town and nearby Tell Abraq a fortified settlement from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monty Python's Flying Circus (TV Series 1969\u20131974) - IMDb Monty Python's Flying Circus (TV Series 1969\u20131974) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The original surreal sketch comedy showcase for the Monty Python troupe. [PAR] Creators: [PAR] An offbeat look at the Spanish Inquisition; an unconventional version of \"Wuthering Heights.\" Also: a jury plays charades while delivering its verdict; a man attempts to find one nontaxable pleasure. [PAR] 9.2 [PAR] A pet-shop customer returns his dead parrot; a gang of female senior citizens attacks a town's young men; a young army officer who joined the service to water-ski tries to resign. [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] Conquistador coffee campaign; Repeating groove; Ramsey MacDonald striptease; Job hunter; International Chinese Communist Conspiracy; Crelm Toothpaste/Shrill petrol; Agatha Christie sketch (railway ... [PAR] 8.9 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 06 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 01 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 22 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 23 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: Monty Python's Flying Circus (1969\u20131974) [PAR] 8.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Hotel owner Basil Fawlty's incompetence, short fuse, and arrogance form a combination that ensures accidents and trouble are never far away. [PAR] Stars: John Cleese, Prunella Scales, Andrew Sachs [PAR] Stuck in the middle of World War I, Captain Edmund Blackadder does his best to escape the banality of the war. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Stephen Fry [PAR] An anthology of Monty Python's best sketches from their 1st & 2nd seasons of their original TV show. [PAR] Director: Ian MacNaughton [PAR] In the Tudor court of Elizabeth I, Lord Edmund Blackadder strives to win Her Majesty's favour while attempting to avoid a grisly fate should he offend her. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Tim McInnerny [PAR] In the Regency era, Mr E. Blackadder serves as butler to the foppish numskull Prince George amidst the fads and crazes of the time. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Tony Robinson, Hugh Laurie [PAR] The comedy team takes a look at life in all its stages in their own uniquely silly way. [PAR] Directors: Terry Jones, Terry Gilliam [PAR] Stars: John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle [PAR] The Monty Python troupe perform a combination of classic sketches and new material at the Hollywood Bowl. [PAR] Directors: Terry Hughes, Ian MacNaughton [PAR] Stars: John Cleese, Michael Palin, Eric Idle [PAR] King Arthur and his knights embark on a low-budget search for the Grail, encountering many, very silly obstacles. [PAR] Directors: Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones [PAR] Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle [PAR] Brian is born on the original Christmas, in the stable next door. He spends his life being mistaken for a messiah. [PAR] Director: Terry Jones [PAR] In the Middle Ages, Prince Edmund the Black Adder constantly schemes and endeavors to seize the crown from his father and brother. [PAR] Stars: Rowan Atkinson, Brian Blessed, Elspet Gray [PAR] Two parts Monty Python German television comedy specials. [PAR] Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About the Mariana Trench - DEEPSEA CHALLENGE Expedition About the Mariana Trench - DEEPSEA CHALLENGE Expedition [PAR] DEEPSEA CHALLENGE / The Expedition / The Mariana Trench [PAR] The Mariana Trench [PAR] While thousands of climbers have successfully scaled Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth, only two people have descended to the planet\u2019s deepest point, the Challenger Deep in the Pacific Ocean\u2019s Mariana Trench. [PAR] Located in the western Pacific east of the Philippines and an average of approximately 124 miles (200 kilometers) east of the Mariana Islands, the Mariana Trench is a crescent-shaped scar in the Earth\u2019s crust that measures more than 1,500 miles (2,550 kilometers) long and 43 miles (69 kilometers) wide on average. The distance between the surface of the ocean and the trench\u2019s deepest point\u2014the Challenger Deep, which lies about 200 miles (322 kilometers) southwest of the U.S. territory of Guam\u2014is nearly 7 miles (11 kilometers). If Mount Everest were dropped into the Mariana Trench, its peak would still be more than a mile (1.6 kilometers) underwater. [PAR] The Mariana Trench is part of a global network of deep troughs that cut across the ocean floor. They form when two tectonic plates collide. At the collision point, one of the plates dives beneath the other into the Earth\u2019s mantle, creating an ocean trench. [PAR] The depths of the Mariana Trench were first plumbed in 1875 by the British ship H.M.S. Challenger as part of the first global oceanographic cruise. The Challenger scientists recorded a depth of 4,475 fathoms (about five miles, or eight kilometers) using a weighted sounding rope. In 1951, the British vessel H.M.S. Challenger II returned to the spot with an echo-sounder and measured a depth of nearly 7 miles (11 kilometers). [PAR] The majority of the Mariana Trench is now a U.S. protected zone as part of the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument , established by President George W. Bush in 2009. Permits for research in the monument, including in the Sirena Deep, have been secured from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Permits for research in the Challenger Deep have been secured from the Federated States of Micronesia. [PAR] HISTORIC DIVE [PAR] Because of its extreme depth, the Mariana Trench is cloaked in perpetual darkness and the temperature is just a few degrees above freezing. The water pressure at the bottom of the trench is a crushing eight tons per square inch\u2014or about a thousand times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Pressure increases with depth. [PAR] The first and only time humans descended into the Challenger Deep was more than 50 years ago. In 1960, Jacques Piccard and Navy Lt. Don Walsh reached this goal in a U.S. Navy submersible, a bathyscaphe called the Trieste. After a five-hour descent, the pair spent only a scant 20 minutes at the bottom and were unable to take any photographs due to clouds of silt stirred up by their passage. [PAR] Until Piccard and Walsh\u2019s historic dive, scientists had debated whether life could exist under such extreme pressure. But at the bottom, the Trieste\u2018s floodlight illuminated a creature that Piccard thought was a flatfish, a moment that Piccard would later describe with excitement in a book about his journey. [PAR] \u201cHere, in an instant, was the answer that biologists had asked for the decades,\u201d Piccard wrote. \u201cCould life exist in the greatest depths of the ocean? It could!\u201d [PAR] WAITING IN THE DEEP [PAR] While the Trieste expedition laid to rest any doubts that life could exist in the Mariana Trench, scientists still know very little about the types of organisms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kyphosis Causes - Mayo Clinic Kyphosis Causes - Mayo Clinic [PAR] By Mayo Clinic Staff [PAR] The individual bones (vertebrae) that make up a healthy spine look like cylinders stacked in a column. Kyphosis occurs when the vertebrae in the upper back become more wedge-shaped. This deformity can be caused by a variety of problems, including: [PAR] Osteoporosis. This bone-thinning disorder can result in crushed vertebrae (compression fractures). Osteoporosis is most common in older adults, particularly women, and in people who have taken high doses of corticosteroids for long periods of time. [PAR] Disk degeneration. Soft, circular disks act as cushions between spinal vertebrae. With age, these disks dry out and shrink, which often worsens kyphosis. [PAR] Scheuermann's disease. Also called Scheuermann's kyphosis, this disease typically begins during the growth spurt that occurs before puberty. Boys are affected more often than are girls. The rounding of the back may worsen as the child finishes growing. [PAR] Birth defects. If a baby's spinal column doesn't develop properly in the womb, the spinal bones may not form properly, causing kyphosis. [PAR] Syndromes. Kyphosis in children can also be associated with certain syndromes, such as Marfan syndrome or Prader-Willi disease. [PAR] Cancer and cancer treatments. Cancer in the spine can weaken vertebrae and make them more prone to compression fractures, as can chemotherapy and radiation cancer treatments. [PAR] An increased curve in the upper spine also can be caused by slouching. Called postural kyphosis, this condition doesn't involve any deformities in the spine. It's most common in teenagers. [PAR] Frontera WR, et al. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed July 11, 2013. [PAR] Kyphosis (roundback) of the spine. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00423. Accessed April 10, 2012. [PAR] Kado DM. Overview of hyperkyphosis in older persons. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed July 11, 2013. [PAR] Kliegman RM, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2011. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed July 11, 2013. [PAR] Canale ST, et al. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2008. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/208746819-4/0/1584/0.html. Accessed July 11, 2013. [PAR] Neurological diagnostic tests and procedures. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/misc/diagnostic_tests.htm. Accessed July 11, 2013. [PAR] Larson AN (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Dec. 9, 2013. [PAR] Wybier M, et al. Musculoskeletal imaging in progress: The EOS imaging system. Joint Bone Spine. 2013;80:238. [PAR] Six years and more than 60 lifesized anatomic models to help plan complex surgeries. Mayo Clinic. http://newsletters.mayo.edu/newscenter/Article.aspx?contentID=DOCMAN-0000157800. Accessed Jan. 7, 2014. [PAR] Golden AK. Decision Support System. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Nov. 5, 2013. [PAR] Products and Services[DOC] [TLE] Kyphosis Conditions Treated | Spine Institute of San Diego Kyphosis Conditions Treated | Spine Institute of San Diego [PAR] Kyphosis [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] Symptoms of kyphosis can range from unattractive posture, to pain, to severe problems of pressure on the lungs and abdomen. The pain occurs primarily in the area of the kyphosis. A severe curve can also begin to put pressure on the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots, which may cause weakness in the lower extremities. Eventually there can be pressure on the lungs and abdomen, affecting breathing and appetite. [PAR] General Overview [PAR] The mid (thoracic) spine naturally has some kyphosis or \u201cC\u201d-shaped curve. A kyphotic spinal deformity means there is too much forward curve in the spine resulting in a rounded or hunch/hump back appearance. [PAR] Postural Kyphosis [PAR] Postural kyphosis-sometimes called \u201cround back\u201d-is the result of poor posture. This condition is most common in adolescents and young adults. Slouching when standing or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] German Colors (Farben) English-German Color Chart with Audio German Colors (Farben) English-German Color Chart [PAR] die dunkelblaue Bluse (the dark blue blouse) [PAR] gr\u00fcn [PAR] der gr\u00fcne Hut (the green hat) [PAR] gelb [PAR] ein gelbes Licht (a yellow light) [PAR] orange [PAR] das orange Buch (the orange book) [PAR] braun [PAR] die braunen Schuhe (the brown shoes) [PAR] beige [PAR] der beige Kasten (the beige box) [PAR] violett [PAR] der violette Hut (the violet hat) [PAR] lila [PAR] der lila Hut (the lilac hat)* [PAR] wei\u00df [PAR] das wei\u00dfe Papier (the white paper) [PAR] schwarz [PAR] der schwarze Koffer (the black suitcase) [PAR] grau [PAR] der graue Pulli (the gray sweater) [PAR] t\u00fcrkis [PAR] eine t\u00fcrkise Karte (a turquoise card) [PAR] silber [PAR] eine silberne M\u00fcnze (a silver coin) [PAR] gold [PAR] eine goldene M\u00fcnze (a gold coin), eine Goldm\u00fcnze [PAR] [PAR] * Colors ending in -a (lila, rosa) or -e (beige, orange) do not take the normal adjective endings. [PAR] ** Light or dark colors are preceded by hell- (light) or dunkel- (dark), as in hellgr\u00fcn (light green) or dunkelgr\u00fcn (dark green).[DOC] [TLE] German Colors - German Language Guide German Colors [PAR] German Colors [PAR] gelb [PAR] NOTES: [PAR] When the color is used as an adjective, you should add the letter \"e\" at the end of the word and you should place it right before the noun like in English, for example: [PAR] Das schwarze U-boot (The black submarine) [PAR] German adjectives are adapted to the noun depending on its form (masculine, feminine, neutral or plural). For example, the plural feminine form in German for \"gelb\" is \"gelben\". The plural masculine form would also be \"gelben\" and the same form applies to the plural neutral form. [PAR] Die gelbe blume (The yellow flower) [PAR] Die gelben Blumen (The yellow flowers) [PAR] Die gelben Stiefel (The yellow boots) [PAR] Die gelben B\u00fccher (The yellow books) [PAR] German Colors Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Behind the Red Triangle: The Bass Pale Ale Brand and Logo ... Behind the Red Triangle: The Bass Pale Ale Brand and Logo | Logoworks Blog [PAR] Behind the Red Triangle: The Bass Pale Ale Brand and Logo [PAR] Posted by Clare Baker on [PAR] November 8, 2013 [PAR] in Design , Informative , Logos , Small Business Resources | 4131 Views | Leave a response [PAR] Not only a beer but a pioneer in the realm of corporate identity and logo design, Bass\u2014the brand name and logo\u2014was the very first trademark to be registered under the U.K.\u2019s Trade Mark Registration Act of 1875. [PAR] Established in 1777 by William Bass in England, the Bass Brewery grew into one the largest beer companies in the U.K. by the end of the 19th century, with over 1,500,000 barrels of beer produced annually. Bass was eventually included in the inaugural FT 30 index established by the London Stock Exchange in 1935, signifying the brewery as one of the top 30 companies in the U.K. [PAR] It was a Bass employee who rang in the New Year by waiting in line outside the registrar\u2019s office to ensure that the company became the first to file a trademark when the office opened on the morning of January 1, 1876. [PAR] A testament to the Bass logo\u2019s vital simplicity, the red triangle has been immortalized in a number of monumental modernist works of art, including several Pablo Picasso paintings and collages; \u00c9douard Manet\u2019s 1882 painting Bar at the Folies-Berg\u00e8re, and James Joyce\u2019s Ulysses. [PAR] Specifically, the logo\u2019s distinct color and the compelling\u2014even mesmerizing\u2014nature of Bass branding are celebrated in chapter 14 of Joyce\u2019s epic novel accordingly: \u201cDuring the past four minutes or thereabouts he had been staring hard at a certain amount of number one Bass bottled by Messrs Bass and Co at Burton-on-Trent which happened to be situated amongst a lot of others right opposite to where he was and which was certainly calculated to attract anyone\u2019s remark on account of its scarlet appearance.\u201d [PAR] Today, the Bass pale ale brand is part of the Anheuser-Busch InBev brewing company\u2014the largest in the world\u2014and is available on draught and in bottles and cans in over 50 countries. [PAR] But even in the 19th century, thanks to the Bass company\u2019s shrewd, trailblazing marketing practices, the beer and brand were enjoyed internationally\u2014as pointed out in James Hogg\u2019s 1884 book Fortunes Made In Business: \u201cYou meet the refreshing label up among Alpine glaciers, and down in the cafes of the Bosphorus; among the gondolas of the Grand Canal at Venice, the dahabeahs at the first cataract on the Nile, and the junks of China.\u201d How\u2019s that for creating a global presence! Clearly, Bass is a brand that has long emphasized the importance of breaking new ground in all facets of its business practice. [PAR] \u2013 Behind the Red Triangle: The Bass Pale Ale Brand and Logo"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"Phoenix Nights\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb \"Phoenix Nights\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes [PAR] Overview [PAR] 14 out of 15 people found the following review useful: [PAR] hilarious comedy based in the North West of England [PAR] from United Kingdom [PAR] 27 February 2005 [PAR] This comedy, which ran for two series, was co-written by and starred (in several roles), Bolton comic Peter Kay, who has his finger perfectly on the breathing pulse of North West England (speaking as someone the same age as Kay who comes from a part of the NW not a million miles from Bolton). Phoenix Nights was set in a lousy Northern club with 'entertainment', bingo, and droll staff, just the kind of club that existed in the 1970s and 1980s. [PAR] Brian Potter, owner and sometime licensee, is wheelchair bound and sarcastic, with his wingeing voice and blustering manner. Played by Kay he is a great creation. The main target for Brian's verbal attacks is Jerry 'St Clair' (Dave Spikey) who acts as comp\u00e8re and - at times - terrible entertainer. Doormen Max (Kay again) and Paddy (Patrick McGuinness) went on to have their own spin-off series. [PAR] Alongside the long-running feud between Potter and Den Perry (Ted Robbins), the high points of Phoenix Nights includes the variety 'auditions' which ended each episode (who could forget the doves which flew into the air condition fans, or the ping pong lady?). The audience at the Phoenix were real-life Bolton residents, and their reactions are absolutely genuine. [PAR] I have two favourite episodes - the one with the outdoor entertainment ('Sammy the Snake' (!), and the Children's Activity Hut, formerly the Gents loo); and the Stars in Their Eyes episode (with the jam-jar glassed club worker as Gary Glitter, and Jerry and Brian as Elton John and George Michael). [PAR] It ended far too soon but the two series that were made are the stuff that makes classic comedy. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 10 out of 11 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Shame i cant vote. I'd give it 11/10 [PAR] 20 February 2003 [PAR] Clubland will never die. [PAR] Well not if Peter Kay keeps treating us to this little lovely. Phoenix Nights is one of those rare comedies. Rare as in its actually funny (see \u0091Ed Stone is dead'. Which is so unfunny its basically the \u0091Anti-Phoenix'). [PAR] Anyone who has grown up in the north will instantly recognise virtually everything that happens in the Phoenix. The theme nights, the cheesy compere, the ugly regulars who sit there all day on a pint of mild. Its all there. Which is one of peter kays strengths. Brilliant observation in all of his work. [PAR] The writing is incredibly strong and the performances are first rate. The comedy set pieces in each episode will have you in tears (\u0091The Stannah Stairlift Seduction' and the \u0091Erotic Bouncy castle' are standouts). [PAR] Season 1 and 2 are, in my opinion, equally as good as each other. And, although it isn't really fair to judge the two together, I actually prefer the Phoenix to The Office. Judged purely on laugh out loud moments Peter Kays superb series just edges it for me. [PAR] I didn't think it could get any funnier. Then I watched the DVD with the directors commentary . [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 7 out of 7 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Very Funny [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Masonry Stoves, Masonry Heaters and Masonry Fireplaces ... Masonry Stoves, Masonry Heaters and Masonry Fireplaces (also known as the Russian Fireplace), plus Masonry Ovens and Earth Ovens: How to design and build your own very efficient, low-cost masonry heaters, ovens, and earth ovens. [PAR] Rediscovering an Old Way of Warming [PAR] by David Lyle [PAR] Masonry stoves have been widely used in Europe and Asia for centuries. The stoves provide clean combustion at a high temperature to avoid pollution and creosote build-up. These are efficient and very safe heating systems. [PAR] The Book of Masonry Stoves represents the first comprehensive survey ever published of all the major types of masonry heating systems, ancient and modern. Through this book you can learn about the origins of the masonry stove and see many examples past and present. The book includes plans for building one style of masonry stove, with enough cut-away drawings of other stoves to give the reader many more ideas and inspirations. [PAR] The Book of Masonry Stoves $35.00 Quantity: [PAR] -Discount- [PAR] Order Living Homes with The Book of Masonry Stoves and save $10.00. [PAR] -This package counts as 2 items for calculating postage.- [PAR] Living Homes + The Book of Masonry Stoves $55.00 Quantity: [PAR] -Please scroll down the page for the \"Add to Order\" button.- [PAR] Designing, Building, and Living with a Piece of the Sun [PAR] by Ken Matesz [PAR] Reviewed by Thomas J. Elpel [PAR] Masonry Heaters is a beautiful book filled with scores of vibrant color pictures show-casing the infinite possibilities of custom-made or prefabricated masonry heaters. The book details the history, benefits, and advantages of masonry heaters, then provides guidance to design and build a masonry heater of your own. Author Ken Matesz outlines the principles to calculate the heating requirements of a home, how to determine the best location for a masonry heater, and how to design the heater itself. [PAR] One chapter of the book goes into detail on the construction of a masonry heater, showing the materials and steps involved in building the heater, followed by a chapter on building codes, clearances, footers, and foundations. The remainder of the book is about living with and using a masonry heater - providing details about gathering, curing, and storing firewood; how to use a masonry heater, along with the bake oven and cookstove (if included), and finally how to maintain a masonry heater. [PAR] While I learned about alternative materials and methods that will shape my next masonry heater project, I was nevertheless disappointed that it wasn't the bible of masonry heater construction I imagined it to be. And while an accomplished mason successfully could design and build a masonry heater from this book, I'm afraid that the common do-it-yourselfer would find the text lacking in the details necessary to proceed. It would have been better if half the book included step-by-step diagrams and photos from multiple different projects. [PAR] My conclusion is that Masonry Heaters is not an end-all book in itself, but one more good book to draw upon in the process of designing and building a masonry heater. The masonry heater plans in my own book Living Homes: Stone Masonry, Log, and Strawbale Construction are much more user-friendly for the do-it-yourselfer, but could be improved upon by substituting some of the materials from Ken Matesz' book. Paperback. 326 Pages. Chelsea Green Publishing. 2010. ISBN: 978-1-60358-213-1. [PAR] Masonry Heaters: Designing, Building, and Living $40.00 Quantity: [PAR] -Please scroll down the page for the \"Add to Order\" button.- [PAR] by James E. Amrhein, S.E. [PAR] Reviewed by Thomas J."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History : British History Timeline BBC - History : British History Timeline [PAR] 1718 [PAR] British convicts start being transported to penal colonies overseas [PAR] In 1718, the Transportation Act introduced penal transportation. People convicted of capital crimes had their sentences 'commuted' to 14 years or life in the Americas. Convicts found guilty of non-capital crimes received seven-year sentences. Between 1718 and 1776, over 50,000 convicts were transported to Virginia and Maryland in the modern United States. The American Revolution made further transportation impossible. [PAR] October - November 1720 [PAR] 'South Sea Bubble' bursts and triggers a financial panic [PAR] The South Sea Company was a financial and trading organisation mainly dealing with Spanish America. It received trading rights to the South Seas in return for financing the British government's debt. Shares were issued and unrealistic expectations cultivated. A monopoly of the slave trade was envisaged. When it was discovered that the directors of the profitless company had sold out, it sparked a massive panic and a major financial crash occurred in the City of London. Huge fortunes were lost. [PAR] April 1721 [PAR] Sir Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister [PAR] In April 1721, Sir Robert Walpole became first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer, in the wake of the South Sea Bubble financial crash of 1720. He confirmed the Whig party's allegiance to the Hanoverian monarchy. He never held the actual title of 'prime minister', but was given the powers that came to be associated with the office. George I also gave him 10 Downing Street, still the official residence of the prime minister. [PAR] 1723 [PAR] Poaching becomes a capital offence [PAR] Poaching disturbances in Windsor Forest and Park led to clashes between 'blacks' (gangs of bandits and poachers who blackened their faces) hoping to maintain common rights and wardens and gamekeepers. The government issued the Black Act to handle the situation. This made various poaching misdemeanours into capital crimes. [PAR] 11 January 1727 [PAR] George I dies and is succeeded by the second Hanoverian king, George II [PAR] The threat of a Jacobite rebellion (aimed at re-establishing the Stuart dynasty) continued into George II's reign. It continued to be a source of alarm until its final defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. As the country prospered, the king's early unpopularity - partially caused by his preference for Hanover over England - changed into a general respect. [PAR] March - April 1733 [PAR] Excise crisis shakes Sir Robert Walpole's administration [PAR] In 1733, British prime minister Robert Walpole tried to shift the burden of taxation on imports away from collection at customs. He devised an 'excise' scheme - a system of bonded warehouses for tobacco, wine and brandy, where imported goods could be lodged until the proper duty, or tax, had been paid. The project was abandoned after widespread political opposition. [PAR] 1739 [PAR] Methodist preachers begin their mission to the poor [PAR] John Wesley, George Whitefield and other early adherents to Wesleyan views began preaching in fields. Their aim was to spread the gospels and save souls. They attracted large audiences and many converts to evangelical Christianity. Called 'Methodists' for their focus of rules, this marked the beginning of their mission to the poor. [PAR] 19 October 1739 [PAR] Britain declares war on Spain and the 'War of Jenkins's Ear' begins [PAR] Britain declared war on Spain after repeated depredations on British ships by Spanish 'guarda costas'. This was mainly a colonial war in Caribbean waters. It was named after a Captain Robert Jenkins, whose ear"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Glossitis : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Glossitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] Your dentist or health care provider will do an exam to look for: [PAR] Finger-like bumps on the surface of the tongue (called papillae) that may be missing [PAR] Swollen tongue (or patches of swelling) [PAR] The provider may ask questions about your health history and lifestyle to help discover the cause of tongue inflammation. [PAR] You may need blood tests to rule out other medical problems. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] The goal of treatment is to reduce swelling and soreness. Most people do not need to go to the hospital unless the tongue is very swollen. Treatment may include: [PAR] Good oral care. Brush your teeth thoroughly at least twice a day and floss at least once a day. [PAR] Antibiotics or other medicines to treat infection. [PAR] Diet changes and supplements to treat nutrition problems. [PAR] Avoiding irritants (such as hot or spicy foods, alcohol, and tobacco) to ease discomfort. [PAR] Outlook (Prognosis) [PAR] Glossitis goes away with if the cause of problem is removed or treated. [PAR] When to Contact a Medical Professional [PAR] Call your health care provider if: [PAR] Symptoms of glossitis last longer than 10 days. [PAR] Tongue swelling is very bad. [PAR] Breathing, speaking, chewing, or swallowing causes problems. [PAR] Get emergency care right away if tongue swelling blocks the airway. [PAR] Prevention [PAR] Good oral care (thorough tooth brushing and flossing and regular dental checkups) may help prevent glossitis. [PAR] Alternative Names [PAR] Tongue inflammation; Tongue infection; Smooth tongue; Glossodynia; Burning tongue syndrome [PAR] Images [PAR] Tongue [PAR] References [PAR] Mirowski GW, Mark LA. Oral disease and oral-cutaneous manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2010:chap 22. [PAR] Reamy BV, Derby R, Bunt CW. Common tongue conditions in primary care. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(5):627-34. PMID: 20187599 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20187599 . [PAR] Read More"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] suslik | rodent | Britannica.com suslik | rodent | Britannica.com [PAR] Suslik [PAR] rodent [PAR] THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below. [PAR] Alternative Titles: souslik, Spermophilus [PAR] Suslik, also spelled souslik, any of the 13 species of Eurasian ground squirrels belonging to the genus Spermophilus. [PAR] Belding ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) trill or whistle in alarm when predators approach. [PAR] Justin Johnsen [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in ground squirrel [PAR] ground squirrel [PAR] any of 62 species of long-bodied terrestrial rodents that are active during the day and have short legs, strong claws, small rounded ears, and a short or moderately long tail. Colour varies widely among species from gray, tawny, or pale brown to olive, reddish, or very dark brown. A few species are... [PAR] Nontropical ground squirrels [PAR] ...burrows and are associated with open habitats at temperate latitudes in North American and Eurasia as well as arid regions of Africa. The 38 species of North American ground squirrels and Eurasian sousliks (genus Spermophilus) are found from sea level to mountaintops in open habitats and occasionally in forests. The Barbary ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus)... [PAR] Suslik - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] (or souslik), name of certain Old World ground squirrels; Caspian suslik, or peschanik, lives in c. Asia around Caspian Sea; common suslik ranges from Altay Mts. through c. Russia to Silesia and e. Erz Mts.; red suslik occurs w. of Ural Mts. from Kazan\u2019 to Chkalov; spotted suslik lives in s.e. Europe n. to the highlands of central Poland; all belong to squirrel family Sciuridae and to the genus Citellus [PAR] Article History [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: September 27, 2002 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/animal/suslik [PAR] Access Date: January 20, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] 10 Mammals You Never Knew Existed - Slideshow 10 Mammals You Never Knew Existed - Slideshow [PAR] 10 Mammals You Never Knew Existed - Slideshow [PAR] Popular Pages [PAR] Follow It's Nature on Facebook [PAR] 10 Mammals You Never Knew Existed [PAR] If you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bob Harris: still a champion of the music - Telegraph.co.uk Bob Harris: still a champion of the music - Telegraph [PAR] Rock and Pop Features [PAR] Bob Harris: still a champion of the music [PAR] The Old Grey Whistle Test is back and presenter Bob Harris tells Neil McCormick that it still sounds great \u2013 even on the radio . [PAR] Bob Harris: I look at the singles charts and for the first time ever I haven't got any interest in them Photo: REX FEATURES [PAR] Follow [PAR] Music fans of a certain vintage will have been delighted to learn that The Old Grey Whistle Test, the BBC\u2019s seminal rock programme, is to be revived for its 40th anniversary later this year. Curiously, however, the 16-part series will be broadcast on Radio 2. [PAR] \u201cI grant that radio might seem a funny place for a television programme,\u201d concedes Bob Harris, the veteran presenter, \u201cbut even when you disconnect the video from the audio, you\u2019ve got this incredible archive of amazing performances that really have to be heard to be believed. [PAR] \u201cThe sound quality is fantastic and it\u2019s striking how many of the great names of that time, the likes of Elton John, David Bowie, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Bob Marley, The Rolling Stones and so many huge talents, still provide the spine of playlists worldwide that we hear on radio to this day.\u201d [PAR] It does mean, of course, that people will be able to appreciate the show\u2019s eclectic variety of \u201970s and \u201980s music without having to cope with the fashions of the day, when jackets were often louder than the bands. [PAR] At 65, Harris himself certainly looks different, having long since cut his hippy hair and shaved off his beard. \u201cPeople say I look younger now than I did then,\u201d he says with a laugh. He does appear fit and strong after a recent bout with prostate cancer, although the bags beneath his eyes and wrinkles on his pate might give the game away. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] The Horrors: 'We\u2019ve blown up stuff\u2019 [PAR] 10 Jul 2011 [PAR] The deep, slightly husky, resonantly intimate voice that earned him the nickname \u201cWhispering Bob\u201d remains exactly the same, which, allied with his huge enthusiasm for music, has helped keep him a continued and much-loved presence on radio, where he presents Americana shows on BBC Radio 2 and 6 Music. [PAR] Reviewing Whistle Test footage, Harris was struck by just how happy his younger self had been in the presenting role. \u201cIt makes me laugh, because I am so obviously in this lovely sort of bewildered enjoyment at being in the middle of all this music, just absolutely loving it.\u201d [PAR] In the recent honours list, Harris was made an OBE for services to broadcasting. \u201cI am genuinely thrilled. I\u2019m still in the process of trying to connect it with me, because I have a feeling of not being worthy in a way, because I\u2019ve got this for doing something I absolutely love.\u201d [PAR] Despite more than 40 years in broadcasting, for many Harris will always be associated with the decade when he was effectively the BBC\u2019s face of rock music, presenting Whistle Test from 1972 until 1978 (although the programme continued with other presenters until 1987). [PAR] Yet Harris considers himself a child of the Sixties, \u201cbecause I moved to London in \u201966, I was 20 years old and the counter culture was so vigorous. It was an amazing scene to parachute into.\u201d [PAR] Arriving from Northampton, Harris helped set up Time Out magazine as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Galileo Project | Science | Tycho Brahe The Galileo Project | Science | Tycho Brahe [PAR] Tycho Brahe [PAR] Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) [PAR] Tyge (Latinized as Tycho) Brahe was born on 14 December 1546 in Skane, then in Denmark, now in Sweden. He was the eldest son of Otto Brahe and Beatte Bille, both from families in the high nobility of Denmark. He was brought up by his paternal uncle J\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrgen Brahe and became his heir. He attended the universities of Copenhagen and Leipzig, and then traveled through the German region, studying further at the universities of Wittenberg, Rostock, and Basel. During this period his interest in alchemy and astronomy was aroused, and he bought several astronomical instruments. In a duel with another student, in Wittenberg in 1566, Tycho lost part of his nose. For the rest of his life he wore a metal insert over the missing part. He returned to Denmark in 1570. [PAR] Tycho Brahe with metal insert over nose [PAR] In 1572 Tycho observed the new star in Cassiopeia and published a brief tract about it the following year. In 1574 he gave a course of lectures on astronomy at the University of Copenhagen. He was now convinced that the improvement of astronomy hinged on accurate observations. After another tour of Germany, where he visited astronomers, Tycho accepted an offer from the King Frederick II to fund an observatory. He was given the little island of Hven in the Sont near Copenhagen, and there he built his observatory, Uraniburg, which became the finest observatory in Europe. [PAR] Tycho designed and built new instruments, calibrated them, and instituted nightly observations. He also ran his own printing press. The observatory was visited by many scholars, and Tycho trained a generation of young [PAR] Sextant [PAR] astronomers there in the art of observing. After a falling out with King Christian IV, Tycho packed up his instruments and books in 1597 and left Denmark. After traveling several years, he settled in Prague in 1599 as the Imperial Mathematician at the court of Emperor Rudolph II. He died there in 1601. His instruments were stored and eventually lost. [PAR] Tycho's major works include De Nova et Nullius Aevi Memoria Prius Visa Stella (\"On the New and Never Previously Seen Star) (Copenhagen, 1573); De Mundi Aetherei Recentioribus Phaenomenis (\"Concerning [PAR] Mural Quadrant [PAR] the New Phenomena in the Ethereal World) (Uraniburg, 1588); Astronomiae Instauratae Mechanica (\"Instruments for the Restored Astronomy\") (Wandsbeck, 1598; English tr. Copenhagen, 1946); Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata (\"Introductory Exercises Toward a Restored Astronomy\") (Prague 1602). His observations were not published during his lifetime. Johannes Kepler used them but they remained the property of his heirs. Several copies in manuscript circulated in Europe for many years, and a very faulty version was printed in 1666. At Prague, Tycho hired Johannes Kepler as an assistant to calculate planetary orbits from his observations. Kepler published the Tabulae Rudolphina in 1627. Because of Tycho's accurate observations and Kepler's elliptical astronomy, these tables were much more accurate than any previous tables. [PAR] Tycho Brahe [PAR] Tycho Brahe's contributions to astronomy were enormous. He not only designed and built instruments, he also calibrated them and checked their accuracy periodically. He thus revolutionized astronomical instrumentation. He also changed observational practice profoundly. Whereas earlier astronomers had been content to observe the positions of planets and the Moon at certain important points of their orbits (e.g., opposition , quadrature , station), Tycho and his cast of assistants observed these bodies throughout their orbits. As a result, a number of orbital anomalies never before noticed were made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brazil in the World Cup 2002 - Brazil - travel, political ... Brazil in the 2002 World Cup [PAR] \u00ab Brazil in the World Cups [PAR] Matches and Players [PAR] The team: Marcos (GK), Cafu (C), L\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdcio, Roque J\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdnior and Roberto Carlos; Edmilson, Kl\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdberson, Gilberto Silva, and Rivaldo; Ronaldinho and Ronaldo. [PAR] Substitutes: Dida (GK), Rog\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrio Ceni (GK), Ricardinho, Belleti, Anderson Polga, Junior, Den\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlson, Vampeta, Juninho Paulista, Ed\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlson, Luiz\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo and Kak\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. [PAR] Coach: Luiz Felipe Scolari (Felip\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo). [PAR] The matches: [PAR] \u00bb Brazil 2 x 1 Turkey [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 4 x 0 China [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 5 x 2 Costa Rica [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 2 x 0 Belgium [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 2 x 1 England [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 1 x 0 Turkey [PAR] \u00bbBrazil 2 x 0 Germany [PAR] Read also information about the World Cup Brazil 2014 : [PAR] \u00bb Cities ; matches will take place in twelve host cities. [PAR] \u00bb Stadiums ; photos and information, all stadiums. [PAR] \u00bb Teams ; there will be 32 teams in Brazil. [PAR] \u00bb Tickets ; how and where to buy. [PAR] \u00bb Confederations Cup 2013 , a prelude the World Cup. [PAR] The Preparation [PAR] See results of the South America qualifyings for the 2002 World Cup . [PAR] Starting in 2002, the qualifyings for the world cup in the South American group would follow a new system. Instead of dividing the countries in groups, all countries would now play in a round robin system (all against all, one match in each country), after which the top four would be automatically qualified to the cup, and the fifth would face a play-off with a country from Oceania. [PAR] Japan / Korea [PAR] Poster 2002 [PAR] Just like it had happened in the qualifyings for the World Cup 1994 , Brazil had to strugle hard to go to the Cup (and, just like in 1994, Brazil ended up as champion of the tournament). Indeed, only with a victory in the last match against Venezuela , by 3 x 0, in S\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo Lu\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds, Maranh\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo , did Brazil confirm its presence in the finals of the Cup. [PAR] Brazil finished the South American group in third place, behind Argentina and Ecuador; Paraguay was the fourth placed; Uruguay finished fifth, won the play-off against the Australians and also went to the cup. [PAR] After the failure in 1998 , coach Zagallo was dismissed. The first one to assume the coaching was Wanderley Luxemburgo, the man with most titles in the Brazilian championship (in 2005, Luxemburgo was hired by Real Madrid , from Spain). After a series of bad results, which culminated with the elimination of the Brazilian team from the Olympic Games in Sidney, Luxemburgo was dismissed. [PAR] The next one was Le\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo , the goal keeper of the Brazilian team in the 1974 World Cup ; Le\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo, however, stayed only three matches of the qualifyings (victory over Colombia, loss to Ecuador, tie with Peru) and was also dismissed. [PAR] Japan / Korea [PAR] Emblem 2002 [PAR] In June of 2001, Lu\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Felipe Scolari, known as Felip\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo (Big Phil), was announced as the new coach of the Brazilian team . Felip\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo had just won titles with Palmeiras and Cruzeiro, and was the preferred by the populars. [PAR] Coming from the southern State of Rio Grande do Sul , Felip\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo valued discipline as much as skills. His teams were known not for producing beautiful to the eyes shows; instead, Felip\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo demanded obedience to his tactics, focused on a strong defense and quick counter attacks. [PAR] The Rom\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrio versus Felip\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdo affair: after a match with the Brazilian team,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cologne sex attacks \u2018a matter of public order and not ... Cologne sex attacks \u2018a matter of public order and not related to the refugee crisis\u2019 \u2013 EU Commission \u2014 RT News [PAR] Over 1,200 victims of NYE assaults across Germany \u2013 State Interior Minister [PAR] Mass sex assaults that saw groups of people, presumably of North African and Middle East origin, harass and rob roughly 1000 women in the German city of Cologne on New Year`s Eve drew special attention to the issue of integration of migrants from war-torn countries into the European community. [PAR] More than 800 complaints were filed with the police in the aftermath of the events, with about 500 of them related to offences of sexual nature. [PAR] Ralf Jager, interior minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, confirmed the majority of the 52 suspects identified were not German citizens. Twenty-five were from Morocco and Algeria, 15 arrived in Germany as asylum-seekers and 11 perpetrators were staying in the country illegally. [PAR] Timmermans also denounced the reinstatement of border controls between several European countries, members of the Schengen agreement, stressing that \u201cchecks at EU internal borders must not be reintroduced, otherwise the achievements of Schengen would be placed in jeopardy\u201d. [PAR] Earlier, several European countries such as Austria, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Hungary took a stricter approach to the security of their borders by reintroducing internal checks in a bid to divert the overwhelming flow of migrants sneaking into the countries . [PAR] On Monday, following the EU ministerial meeting it was announced the EU would consider prolonging temporary border measures for a period of two years instead of the currently permitted six months limit amid the growing pressure from countries with a huge refugee intake. [PAR] EU warns Greece could be sealed off from Schengen zone over its handling of refugee crisis https://t.co/XAk2TaqWXc pic.twitter.com/m1zUrcXFcm [PAR] \u2014 RT (@RT_com) 27 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f 2016 [PAR] However, he called the accusations of some European states, challenging the EU Commission on its inability to tackle the crisis as \u201cunworthy\u201d and reiterated that it remains \u201cthe guarantor of European integration and Schengen area\u201d. [PAR] Speaking about what can be done to alleviate the crisis, the commissioners listed two key areas where urgent measures should be taken. [PAR] They stressed the importance of creating so-called \u2018hotspots\u2019, processing centers where migrants are registered upon crossing the EU border and then relocated to one of the EU member states, as well as stepping up the EU external border security."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madonna's new children's book. - Slate Magazine Sept. 30 2003 12:09 PM [PAR] The Material Girl Gets Immaterial [PAR] The social nuances of The English Roses. [PAR] By Polly Shulman [PAR] [PAR] Like many children of celebrities, Madonna tells us, the Material Girl's daughter, Lourdes, had a problem: The other kids teased her about her mother. [PAR] As child-rearing quandaries go, this is a toughie. What's a celebrity to do? [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Madonna's answer was to write a children's book that preaches tolerance toward girls who are prettier, smarter, kinder, better at sports, and generally more special than you. There are no ugly ducklings with the souls of artists here, no slobby Shreks who turn into heroes, just attractive preadolescents obsessed with the nuances of their social status. [PAR] The English Roses is written from the point of view of four girls\u2014the Roses of the title, whom Madonna says she named for a group of girls who go to school with Lourdes in London. The book's Roses hang out together and pointedly ignore Binah, a blond beauty with milk-and-honey skin, top grades, athletic talent, a good heart, and no friends. One day the mother of one of the Roses lectures the girls about judging people on the basis of their looks. That night, a fairy godmother grants them a vision of Binah's private life. Binah, it turns out, has lost her mother; her father makes her scrub the floor, cook dinner, and do the laundry. Conscience-struck, the Roses decide to be nice to Binah after all, and the book ends with five English Roses instead of four. [PAR] Get Slate in your inbox. [PAR] Great! Now Lourdes is the daughter of that woman who sings all those pop songs, carries on at music awards, published kinky nude photos of herself, and wrote a charmless, didactic book about how much smarter, prettier, etc., etc., her heroine is than other girls. A month ago there were kids\u2014a few, anyway\u2014who hadn't heard of Madonna. No longer\u2014with a million copies of the thing in print, there's no hiding from her. Thanks a whole lot, Mum. [PAR] Madonna says she drew her inspiration for The English Roses not just from her daughter's experience, but from the \"spiritual wisdom\" she found studying the Cabala. \"My creativity was not motivated by ego or greed for the first time in my life,\" she writes in the book's publicity material. Royalties from those million copies will go to a foundation that teaches children spirituality, which covers the greed part of Madonna's statement. The ego part seems more complex\u2014however you read it, the book still revolves around Madonna. If Binah is meant to represent Lourdes, then Madonna avoids taking responsibility for her daughter's trouble by making Binah's problem be the absence of a mother rather than her overwhelming presence. On the other hand, if Binah represents the author (who lost her own mother at an early age), then she's glorifying herself all over again, this time with an air of virtue instead of transgression. [PAR] Its author aside, The English Roses is a dull little thing, though not incompetent. Madonna does understand the basic structure of storytelling\u2014perhaps too well. Clich\u00e9 follows clich\u00e9. Her only unusual move is to tell the Cinderella story from the stepsisters' point of view. But she makes the jealous meanies so passive that they might as well be good: All they really do is respond to lectures about virtue. They're not out there twisting anyone's hair. And the central lesson is muddled and implausible. For one thing, judging by the sugary pictures, Binah"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boxing - Olympic Rules, Judging and Officials Olympic Boxing Rules, Scoring and Judging [PAR] By Andrew Eisele [PAR] Updated October 12, 2016. [PAR] What are the rules for boxing at the Olympic Games ? Several rule changes were made in 2013 that affected the Games from 2016 onward. These included allowing professional boxers to qualify, eliminating headgear for men, raising the minimum age to 19, and changing the scoring system. [PAR] Qualifying for Olympic Boxing [PAR] Unlike most sports, slots are limited for Olympic boxing and just because you qualified nationally does not mean you are going to the Games. Professionals qualify through their ranking and an international Olympic qualifyer tournament. Amateur boxers qualify for the Olympics through performances at regional tournaments in Europe, Asia, the Americas, Africa and Oceania, or at a world qualifying tournament. More: How to Become an Olympic Boxer [PAR] Olympic Tournaments [PAR] The boxers are paired off at random for the Olympic Games, without regard to ranking. They fight in a single-elimination tournament, with the winner advancing to the next round and the loser dropping out of the competition. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How Boxing Is Scored: Amateur [PAR] Winning boxers progress through the preliminary rounds to the quarterfinals and semifinals. The two semifinals winners fight for the gold and silver medals, while both losing semifinalists receive bronze medals. [PAR] Men's bouts consist of a total of three rounds of three minutes each. Women's bouts consist of a total of four rounds of two minutes each. There is a one-minute rest interval between each round. [PAR] Contests are won by knockout or on points. Scoring was switched to the 10-point must system as of the 2016 Olympic Games. [PAR] Scoring for Olympic Boxing Through 2012 [PAR] Before 2016, Olympic boxing matches were scored by hits. A panel of five judges pressed buttons when they believed the boxer had delivered a scoring hit with a marked part of the glove on the opponent's head or body above the belt. The electronic scoring system counted a point when three or more judges scored a hit within one second of each other. Under this system, the total points at the end of the bout determined the winner. Ties were determined first by who took the lead with better style, and if still a tie, by who showed the better defense. [PAR] Scoring for Olympic Boxing 2016 and Onward [PAR] As of the 2016 Olympic Games, scoring is done with the traditional 10-point must system that is commonly used in boxing. Rather than the total points, each round is scored by the five judges and a computer randomly selects three of their scores to count. [PAR] Each judge must award 10 points to the boxer they judge to have won the round within 15 seconds of the end of the round. The judging criteria are the number of target-area blows landed, domination of the bout, technique and tactical superiority, competitiveness, and infringement of the rules. The winner of the round gets 10 points, while the loser gets a lower number from six to nine points. Nine points would denote a close round, eight points a clear winner, seven points total dominance, and six points overmatched. [PAR] After the final round, each judge adds their round scores to determine a winner. In an unanimous decision, all of the judges gave the same boxer two or more rounds. If there is a disagreement among the judges, it is a split decision. [PAR] Fouls [PAR] When a boxer commits a foul, he faces a caution, a warning"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Squirrel Wildlife Rehabilitation FAQ Squirrel Wildlife Rehabilitation FAQ [PAR] Q. I have found baby squirrels, what do I do? [PAR] A. The first thing to do is get them stabilized while you look for a licensed wildlife rehabilitator. If you send a blank email to: [PAR] the Emergency Care Information will be sent to you automatically. This will tell you what you should and should not do until you get in touch with a rehabber in your area. You can also read the page on Stabilization for information on stabilizing the baby until you reach a rehabber. [PAR] The next thing is to start looking for a licensed rehabber by going to the Squirrel Connections page. [PAR] Q. Where do I put the baby while looking for a rehabber? Can I leave it outside? [PAR] A. You should NEVER leave the baby outside, they should be brought in the house. If you are concerned about pets/children, you can place the baby squirrel in a small box with non-frayed toweling and put them in a separate room in your house where you can close the door. [PAR] The box should be placed on a heating pad and if you will send for the Emergency Care Instructions by sending a blank email to: [PAR] you will get all of the information that you need to get the baby warm and stabilized until you get in touch with a rehabber. [PAR] Q. Some of the squirrels in my yard seem to have large bumps on them... what could this be? [PAR] A. If it is late summer and early fall, more than likely you are seeing warbles. These are a larvae that bury under the skin of the squirrel and other rodents. If you look very closely at the lump you should see an air hole. The larvae uses this hole to breathe and excrete from. They can stay in the squirrel for 3-6 weeks until they are fully developed, then they will leave. The lumps should heal over and go away and the fur should grow back. While they are uncomfortable for the squirrel, it really does no long term harm. [PAR] You should never attempt to remove these on your own. If in removing the larvae you should break it, it excretes a toxin that can kill the squirrel. You can check out this web site on Squirrel Fibromatosis vs. Bot Fly Infestation (Link will open in a new window) which has photos of what they look like as well as comparison photos to squirrel with Fibromatosis. [PAR] If after viewing the photos you determine your squirrel has Fibromatosis you should get in touch with a [PAR] so it can receive the proper treatment. [PAR] Q. What do I feed the baby that I have found? [PAR] A. You DO NOT feed them anything. You should get them warm first by following the instructions on the Stabilization page. This information will also tell you how you can rehydrate them and then you need to Locate A Wildlife Rehabilitator . [PAR] Q. Why can't I feed the baby as soon as I find it? I know it has to be hungry. [PAR] A. Feeding can actually cause death by pulling fluids from the system of a severly dehydrated animal in order to process the food that you feed it. It must be determined if the baby is dehydrated first before giving any food. [PAR] Q. But I have milk in the refrigerator, canned milk, human infant formula or a special milk that says it is for wildlife, can I feed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cannon and Ball - TV Shows - Plaza Patrol - Comedykings Cannon and Ball - TV Shows - Plaza Patrol [PAR] Credits and Help [PAR] Plaza Patrol [PAR] A 6 episode sit-com, with Tommy and Bobby playing Bernard Cooney and Trevor Purvis respectively. They are security guards in Margaret Thatcher Plaza, a shopping centre. [PAR] Brief outlines of the episodes, and the cast and credits are below. [PAR] Episode Details [PAR] Close Encounter [PAR] First shown on ITV Monday 15th July 1991, 7pm [PAR] Trevor returns from his holiday in Scarborough. Bernard keeps telling him how wonderful Tyrone, the temporary replacement was. Two men in gorilla outfits burst in, and one of them holds Trevor and Bernard hostage with a gun, while the other goes off into the centre. Bernard manages to overpower him, thinking his gun is only a toy. When the police come they discover one of the 'gorillas' is Tyrone. [PAR] The End [PAR] First shown on ITV Monday 22nd July 1991, 7pm [PAR] Originally recorded as the pilot show of the series, to be part of Cannon and Balls Playhouse . Trevor is watching a film on video, but finds Bernards sister has recorded Emmerdale Farm over the end of it. He is desperate to see the end, they visit the video shop but don't have enough money, and the assistant in the shop won't let them have it without (no matter how much charm they show!) [PAR] The Tramp Who Never Was [PAR] First shown on ITV Monday 29th July 1991, 7pm [PAR] Bernard and Trevor are playing Monopoly together when theres a knock at the door. A tramp comes in and makes himself at home, and becomes quite a regular visitor. He is popular with Bernard, sharing Army stories, but not with Trevor, who thinks he's a con-man. Eventually Bernard agrees to get rid of him, and lends him \ufffd50 pounds to pay for the for the solicitor he claims he needs. On his way out the tramp passes Trevor, pretends to come clean with him, and says he's an actor who's down on his luck. Trevor gives him \ufffd30 so he can get back on his feet in London. At the end, Trevor is getting the Monopoly board out, when he notices the tramp has also stolen Bernards war medals. [PAR] Sweet Charity [PAR] First shown on ITV Monday 5th August 1991, 7pm [PAR] Its Bernards birthday, but the only card he gets is from his Mum. Trevor has bought a very fetching pink jacket from the charity shop, and in the process got himself a date at a party with Arabella from the shop. Lady Elizabeth Lincoln Stubbs, another charity shop helper comes into the security control room, and Bernard thinks she is Arabella. A little later she gets something in her eye, so her and Trevor end up on the couch trying to get it out. Berard comes in and, thinking it is Arabella, assumes they are up to something. Of course, this doesnt go down too well with Lady Stubbs. [PAR] Lilac Time [PAR] First shown on ITV Monday 12th August 1991, 7pm [PAR] The Plaza is being redecorated, and the control room has been half painted in Lilac. Bernard has been suffering with a headache all week. The shopping centre manager comes in and tells Bernard he is too old, and has to take early retirement. When one of the decorators tell Bernard and Trevor that his mate is in hospital because of the painting they believe the paint being used in the Plaza is cheap, toxic,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ananas - Wiktionary ananas - Wiktionary [PAR] ananas [PAR] Etymology[ edit ] [PAR] Either directly from Old Tupi nanas \u200e(\u201cexcellent fruit\u201d), or from the taxonomic name thence derived, Ananas comosus , syn. Ananassa sativa , likely under the influence of the many other languages which use the Old Tupi -derived designation ananas for the fruit. [PAR] \u201c Ananas \u201d listed on page 306 of volume I (A\u2013B) of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles [1st ed., 1885] [PAR] Ananas (\u0103n\u0113\u2071\u00b7n\u0103s, -\u0101\u00b7n\u0103s). Also anana. [So in most of the languages of Europe; app. from a native Peruvian name Nanas, it having been first seen by Europeans in Peru, and described under the name Nanas by Andr\u00e9 Thevenet, a monk, in 1555. Through mistaking the final -s for a plural sign, some have made the sing. anana.] [\u00b6] 1. The pine-apple plant (Ananassa sativa) or fruit. [\u00b6] 1613 Purchas Pilgr. I. v. xii. 431 Of their fruits Ananas is reckoned one of the best: In taste like an Apricocke, in shew a farre off like an Artichoke, but without prickles, very sweet of sent. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees (1733) II. 219 The first ananas, or pine-apple, that was brought to perfection in England, grew in his [Sir M. Decker\u2019s] garden at Richmond. 1727 Thomson Summer 685 Witness, thou best an\u00e2na, thou the pride Of vegetable Life. 1811 T. Baldwin (title) Short Practical Directions for the Culture of the Ananas, or Pine-apple Tree. 1841 D\u2019Israeli Amen. Lit. II. 229 [Rawleigh] had given..England the Virginian tobacco, and perhaps the delicious ananas. [\u00b6] 2. An allied West Indian fruit, the Penguin (Bromelia Pinguin). J. [PAR] \u201c ananas \u201d listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd ed., 1989]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Betfred World Championship 2016. Snooker in Sheffield Betfred World Snooker Championship In Sheffield 2016 [PAR] There are no upcoming events at this time. [PAR] About Snooker Championship in Sheffield [PAR] Photo: Rob Matthews [PAR] 2015 World Snooker also known as the 2015 Betfred World Snooker Championship is a professional ranking snooker tournament, season 2014/2015, which was held from 18 April to 4 May 2015 in the Crucible Theatre (Sheffield, England). This is the 78th World Snooker Championship. Stuart Bingham became the World Champion for the first time, who took down Sean Murphy in the final with the score 18:15. [PAR] The Championship comprises three qualifying rounds, which take place within eight days from 8 to 15 April 2015 in the international sports center \u00abPonds Forge\u00bb, Sheffield and includes 128 participants. [PAR] 16 winners of the last qualifying round entered the Crucible, where they were joined by the first 16 seeded players, and, since 1/16, they all play a shootout. In the arena of the Crucible Theatre there are 2 gaming tables in the first 3 rounds of the tournament, and in the semi-final and final \u2013 one. [PAR] World Snooker Championship is sponsored by Betfred until 2017. It is also known as the most important and long-expected events among snooker fans all over the world. This event is very spectacular because every spring the best of the best players demonstrate their craftsmanship, endurance and strong desire to win the coveted trophy \u2013 \u00a3300 000. [PAR] The total prize pool was raised to \u00a3 1.364 million from the previous \u00a3 1,214,000. The modern greats of the snooker championship nowadays are Ronnie O\u2019Sullivan, Stuart Bingham, Shaun Murphy and Stephen Hendry, whose skill and professionalism attract views of nearly 400 million people all over the world."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] RAF Rank and Insignia - militaryplanes.co.uk RAF Rank and Insignia [PAR] RAF RANK AND INSIGNIA [PAR] Equivelant USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Second Lieutenant / Leutnant [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-1 [PAR] Rank Structure: Pilot Officer is the lowest commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and ranks immediately below Flying Officer. [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of a thin Blue band on a slightly wider Black band, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Flying Officer [PAR] Equivalent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: First Lieutenant / Oberleutnant [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-1 [PAR] Rank Structure: Flying Officer ranks above Pilot Officer and immediately below Flight Lieutenant [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of a narror Blue band on a slightly wider Black band, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Flight Lieutenant [PAR] Equivalent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Captain / Hauptmann [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-2 [PAR] Rank Structure: Flight Lieutenant ranks above Flying Officer and immediately below Squadron Leader [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of two narror Blue band on slightly wider Black bands, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Squadron Leader [PAR] Equivalent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Major / Major [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-3 [PAR] Rank Structure: Squadron Leader ranks above Flight Lieutenant and immediately below Wing Commander [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of a thin Blue band on a slightly wider Black band between two narror Blue band on slightly wider Black bands, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Wing Commander [PAR] Equivalent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Lieutenant-Colonel / Oberstleutnant [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-4 [PAR] Rank Structure: Wing Commander ranks above Squadron Leader and immediately below Group Captain [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of three narror Blue band on slightly wider Black bands, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Group Captain [PAR] Equivalent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Colonel / Oberst [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-5 [PAR] Rank Structure: Group Captain ranks above Wing Commander and immediately below Air Commodore [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of four narror Blue band on slightly wider Black bands, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Air Commodore [PAR] Equivelent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Brigadier / Generalmajor [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-6 [PAR] Rank Structure: Air Commodore ranks above Group Captain and immediately below Air Vice-Marshall [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of a Light Blue band on a wide Black band, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Air Vice-Marshall [PAR] Equivalent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Major-General / Generalleutnant [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-7 [PAR] Rank Structure: Air Vice-Marshall ranks above Air Commodore and immediately below Air Marshall [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of a narror Light Blue band on slightly wider Black band and a Light Blue band on a wide Black band, is worn on the lower sleeve of the tunic or the epaulette on the shoulder of the uniform. [PAR] Rank: Air Marshall [PAR] Equivalent USAAF/Luftwaffe Rank: Lieutenant-General / General der Flieger [PAR] NATO ranking code: OF-8 [PAR] Rank Structure: Air Marshall ranks above Air Vice-Marshall and immediately below Air Chief Marshall [PAR] Insignia: The insignia, which consists of two narror"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Beckham - David Beckham - Pictures - CBS News David Beckham - David Beckham - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Next [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Soccer star David Beckham was named People's Sexiest Man Alive in 2015. \"It's a huge honor,\" he told the magazine. \"I'm very pleased to accept.\" [PAR] Take a look back through Beckham's career and family life. [PAR] Credit: Justin Tallas/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] David Beckham attends the opening event of the Breitling Boutique on June 3, 2015, in Madrid, Spain. [PAR] Credit: Pablo Cuadra/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham is People's 2015 Sexiest Man Alive. [PAR] Credit: People Magazine [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Former England soccer captain David Beckham (R) takes a 'selfie' of himself and his children (L-R) Brooklyn, Romeo, Cruz and Harper, before the Victoria Beckham Fall 2014 collection during New York Fashion Week, February 9, 2014. [PAR] Credit: Reuters [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Finishing touches are made as new wax figures of David Beckham and Victoria Beckham are unveiled at Madame Tussauds on June 19, 2014, in London, England. [PAR] Credit: Tim P. Whitby/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] David and Victoria Beckham attend the British Fashion Awards at London Coliseum on December 1, 2014, in London, England. [PAR] Credit: Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Former soccer player David Beckham gets \"slimed\" as he accepts the Legend Award from sons Cruz (L) and Romeo during the inaugural 2014 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Sports awards at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles, July 17, 2014. [PAR] Credit: Reuters [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] (L-R) Romeo Beckham, Legend Award Recipient David Beckham and Cruz Beckham attend Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Sports Awards 2014 at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion on July 17, 2014 in Los Angeles, California. [PAR] Credit: Jason Merritt/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Soccer player David Beckham (C) with Cruz Beckham (L) and Romeo Beckham (R) get slimed onstage during Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Sports Awards 2014 at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion on July 17, 2014, in Los Angeles. [PAR] Credit: Kevin Winter/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Former England international David Beckham and son Brooklyn Beckham (L) look on prior to the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil Final match between Germany and Argentina at Maracana on July 13, 2014, in Rio de Janeiro. [PAR] Credit: Jamie Squire/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] David Beckham (L) and Victoria Beckham (R) arrive at the Costume Institute Benefit at The Metropolitan Museum of Art May 5, 2014, in New York. [PAR] Credit: Timothy A. Clary/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] David Beckham takes a photo of his four children in the front row before the Victoria Beckham show, as daughter Harper sits in Beckham's lap Sunday Feb. 9, 2014, during Fashion Week in New York. [PAR] Credit: AP [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] David Beckham attends the launch of his new Bodywear range at the H&M Super Bowl Event at H&M Times Square on February 1, 2014, in New York City. [PAR] Credit: Dave Kotinsky/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Paris' British midfielder David Beckham celebrates after Paris Saint-Germain won the French L1 title on May 12, 2013 at the Gerland stadium in Lyon, eastern France. [PAR] Credit: Philippe Desmazes/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] Paris Saint-Germain's British midfielder David Beckham celebrates after making a decisive pass to teammate Swedish forward Zlatan Ibrahimovic allowing him to score during the French L1 football match Rennes vs Paris Saint-Germain on April 6, 2013 at the Route de Lorient stadium in Rennes, western France. [PAR] Credit: DAMIEN MEYER/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] David Beckham [PAR] David"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many players are on an ice hockey team? | Reference.com How many players are on an ice hockey team? | Reference.com [PAR] How many players are on an ice hockey team? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Under the rules of the International Ice Hockey Federation, a hockey team is allowed to have up to 20 players with an additional two goalkeepers. Each team is also allowed to have up to six team officials on the bench, though these officials do not participate in gameplay. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Most countries and international events, including the Winter OIympics, follow the game rules of the International Ice Hockey Federation. In the U.S., the National Hockey League has its own set of rules for NHL games. Under NHL rules, each team is allowed to have up to 18 players with an additional two goalkeepers for a total of 20 players. NHL rules do not designate a maximum number of team officials allowed on the bench.[DOC] [TLE] How many people play ice hockey in the world? - Quora How many people play ice hockey in the world? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Sports [PAR] How many people play ice hockey in the world? [PAR] There are many organizations that have numbers for \"registered\" players - but I've been playing for the last 15 years without being registered so those numbers must be wrong. [PAR] WikiInvest quotes Bauer in one link saying 6 million people. [PAR] Can anyone provide additional sources or a different figure? [PAR] How many ice hockey players are there in the world? [PAR] 1,444,660. [PAR] According to the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), there are 1,444,660 ice hockey players world-wide. Canada is the top country with over 34% of the total player population, followed by the United States, with 32%. Among the countries presented on the IIHF list, the one with the lowest number of players is Macau: 67. [PAR] Google- it's just that easy. [PAR] 1k Views \u00b7 View Upvotes \u00b7 Answer requested by [PAR] Written May 21, 2016 [PAR] If you gotta take a dump you gotta do it. It\u2019s always fraught with hazard \u2014 the sound, the smell, the chance you might clog the plumbing but if you gotta do it, that\u2019s what a bathroom is for. I have no problem with it \u2014 it\u2019s a common part of life, we all do it, why be squeamish about it? [PAR] Written Sep 30 [PAR] Just two weeks ago, I ended up sleeping on the couch because of an argument my wife and I had. Although, for the record, I look for any excuse I can find to sleep on the couch. It\u2019s more comfortable to me. [PAR] The argument? [PAR] Who would win in a fight between a grizzly bear and a polar bear? [PAR] The next day, we decided that whichever bear had home field advantage would win. [PAR] Updated Oct 22 [PAR] So I already uploaded an answer so I\u2019ll copy and paste it here. [PAR] You know that one kid that doesn\u2019t give a flying FUCK about his education? I have one in my class right now and his name is Andrew. Now I go to an all boys school and of course since there are no girls around we were acting like complete idiots. One day an essay was due for history the next day. So Andrew decided to provoke the teac..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital of Iran - The Free Dictionary Capital of Iran - definition of capital of Iran by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Capital of Iran - definition of capital of Iran by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/capital+of+Iran [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Iranian capital , Teheran , Tehran [PAR] Iran , Islamic Republic of Iran , Persia - a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Tehran [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] The President of the Republic, Head of State and Government, leads the delegation that arrived on Sunday, November 22, in the capital of Iran, to attend the Third Forum of Gas Exporting Countries. [PAR] Guinea : Arrival of the Head of State to Tehran [PAR] In an interview with CNN's Christiane Amanpour Sunday, President Rohani sneered at the herd of GOP candidates seeking their party's presidential nomination, saying they were so ill-educated they didn't know whether Tehran was the capital of Iran or Iran the capital of Tehran. [PAR] Iranian Metropolis Unique in World [PAR] 2) Noxious vapour 3) Expectantly 4) Person who performs agile feats on equipment in sports hall5) Small matters Routeword clue: Molten rock 1943: Allies united after Tehran conference Allied leaders of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union have ended a landmark conference held in Tehran, the capital of Iran. [PAR] Lawyering in the empire of the Shah: a brief history of judge advocates in Iran [PAR] He has been invited by Henry Dyson, keeper of fine art at Durham University, who said: \"As well as being a wonderful artist, Hassan Meshkinfam is dedicated to preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of Shiraz, a city regarded as the cultural capital of Iran.[DOC] [TLE] Tehran - Welcome to Iran's Capital - Tehran's Official ... Tehran - Welcome to Iran's Capital - Tehran's Official HomePage - Capital & Largest City of IRAN - Tehran History and People, Tehran Weather and Upcoming Events [PAR] Largest City of Iran [PAR] ... [PAR] This tower which represents the city of Tehran is part of Azadi (Freedom) cultural complex which is located in Tehran's Azadi square in an area of some 5 Acres. This complex is composed of the following sections; The 50 meter high Azadi tower which forms the main part of the museum and its architecture is a combination of Islamic and Sassanid architecture style. The audio - video hall of the complex which has been designed based on Iran's geographical map displays the regional characteristics of Iran in so far as cultural, life style, religious and historical monuments are concerned. A mechanical conveyer allows the visitors to visit the hall in total comfort. Some art galleries and halls have been allocated to temporary fairs and exhibitions. The Diorama hall with 12 chambers puts to display activities in agriculture, handicrafts, modern industry, etc. A cinema, library and sideline services complement the activities of this complex. [PAR] Tehran: Covering an area of 1500 sq. kms, Tehran is situated in the north-central part of Iran, on the slope of the Alborz Mountain. As the national capital it is the most populated city in Iran and the center of cultural, economical, political and social activities. It is about 1200 meters above sea"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Deep-Sea Creature Photos -- National Geographic Deep-Sea Creature Photos -- National Geographic [PAR] Frilled Shark [PAR] Photograph by Awashima Marine Park, Getty Images [PAR] Humans rarely encounter frilled sharks, which prefer to remain in the oceans' depths, up to 5,000 feet (1,500 meters) below the surface. Considered living fossils, frilled sharks bear many physical characteristics of ancestors who swam the seas in the time of the dinosaurs. This 5.3-foot (1.6-meter) specimen was found in shallow water in Japan in 2007 and transferred to a marine park. It died hours after being caught. [PAR] Giant Spider Crab [PAR] Photograph by David Doubilet, National Geographic [PAR] Thought to be the largest arthropods on Earth, giant spider crabs spend their time foraging on the ocean floor up to a thousand feet (300 meters) deep. These rare, leggy behemoths, native to the waters off Japan, can measure up to 12 feet (3.7 meters) from claw tip to claw tip. This five-foot (1.5-meter) specimen was photographed in Japan's Sagami Bay. [PAR] Atlantic Wolffish Pair [PAR] Photograph by Jonathan Bird, SeaPics [PAR] The sinister-looking Atlantic wolffish makes its home in the rocky coastal depths up to 1,600 feet (500 meters) below. Reaching 5 feet (1.5 meters) long, wolffish have conspicuous dentition suited to a diet of hard-shelled mollusks, crabs, and sea urchins. This mated pair was found in a deep-sea den off the coast of Maine. [PAR] Fangtooth Fish [PAR] Photograph by David Wrobel, SeaPics [PAR] The nightmarish fangtooth is among the deepest-living fish ever discovered. The fish's normal habitat ranges as high as about 6,500 feet (2,000 meters), but it has been found swimming at icy, crushing depths near 16,500 feet (5,000 meters). Fangtooth fish reach only about six inches (16 centimeters) long, but their namesake teeth are the largest, proportionate to body size, of any fish. [PAR] Six-Gill Shark [PAR] Photograph by Paul Nicklen, National Geographic [PAR] Six-gill sharks, like this one off the coast of Vancouver, cruise the ocean floor during the day, sometimes as deep as 8,200 feet (2,500 meters), then move toward the surface at night to feed. They can reach impressive lengths of 16 feet (4.8 meters) on a diet of other sharks, rays, squids, crabs, and occasionally seals. [PAR] Giant Tube Worms [PAR] Photograph by Emory Kristof, National Geographic [PAR] Crushing pressure, freezing temperatures, and zero sunlight isn't enough of a challenge for giant tube worms. They've adapted to thrive at the edge of hydrothermal vents, which spew superheated water saturated with toxic chemicals. This colony was photographed 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) below the ocean's surface on the East Pacific Rise near the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands. [PAR] Vampire Squid [PAR] Photograph by Kim Reisenbichler, National Geographic [PAR] Vampire squid is an apt name for a creature that lurks in the lightless depths of the ocean. Comfortable at 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) below the surface, these diminutive cephalopods navigate the blackness with eyes that are proportionately the largest of any animal on Earth. The species gets its name from its dark, webbed arms, which it can draw over itself like a cloak. It occupies the mesopelagic and bathypelagic regions of temperate and tropical world oceans. The animal's physiology has adapted to enable it to live at the very low oxygen levels found within the oxygen minimum layers of these regions. [PAR] Pacific Viperfish [PAR] Photograph by David Wrobel, SeaPics [PAR] The Pacific viperfish has jagged, needlelike teeth so outsized it can't close its mouth. These deep-sea demons reach only about 8 inches (25 centimeters) long. They troll the depths up to 13,000 feet (4,400 meters) below, luring prey with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Muppets | Disney The Muppets | Disney [PAR] The Muppets [PAR] Mickey Moose [PAR] The Muppets [PAR] Kermit the Frog is at wit's end backstage when he has to deal with a moose named Mickey. [PAR] The Great Muppet Caper: Hey, a Movie! [PAR] The Great Muppet Caper [PAR] Investigative reporters Kermit, Fozzie, and Gonzo are out to solve the crime of the century in this song-filled, star-studded extravaganza. [PAR] The Muppet Movie [PAR] After a fateful meeting with a big-time talent agent, Kermit the Frog heads for Hollywood dreaming of showbiz. Along the way, Fozzie Bear, the Great Gonzo, and the dazzling Miss Piggy join him in hopes of becoming film stars too. But all bets are off when Kermit falls into the clutches of Doc Hopper, a fast-food mogul seeking to promote his French-fried frog-leg franchise! [PAR] The Great Muppet Caper [PAR] Lady Holiday is a high-fashion designer whose priceless diamond necklace has been stolen. But when Kermit mistakes Miss Piggy for her, it's love at first sight. Unfortunately, Lady Holiday's scheming brother is also wooing the sultry swine so he can frame her for another brazen jewel heist! Now it's up to Kermit and his Muppet pals to clear Piggy's name and catch the real culprits."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bobby Shafto's gone to sea - Nursery Rhyme Lyrics and ... Bobby Shafto's gone to sea [PAR] Search Nursery Rhyme Lyrics & Childrens Songs [PAR] Bobby Shafto's gone to sea [PAR] Bobby Shaftoe's gone to sea, [PAR] Silver buckles on his knees; [PAR] He'll come back and marry me, [PAR] Pretty Bobby Shaftoe! [PAR] Bobby Shaftoe's fat and fair, [PAR] Combing down his yellow hair [PAR] He's my love for evermore, [PAR] Pretty Bobby Shaftoe! [PAR] Some more nursery rhymes to enjoy [PAR] Once A Time [PAR] Once on a time I saw a bear [PAR] Who was dressing her daughters' hair. [PAR] Once on a time I saw a big rat, [PAR] And under his arm he carried his hat. [PAR] Origins of Nursery Rhyme Lyrics and Words [PAR] Nursery Rhyme lyrics have many different origins and meanings. In most cases the meanings behind nursery rhyme lyrics cannot be verified. A few examples of some more well know nursery rhyme lyrics and their possible meanings are; \u2018Baa, Baa, Black sheep\u2019 was thought to originate from the medieval taxes, \u2018Humpty Dumpty\u2019 was thought to be a cannon used in the English civil war and \u2018London Bridge is Falling Down\u2019 was thought to be related to the burial of children in foundations or Vikings burning wooden bridges. Whatever the meaning behind Nursery Rhyme Lyrics we have enjoyed them in our own childhood along with sharing them with our own children (and it is amazing after many years how quickly the Lyrics to nursery rhymes can still be remembered). [PAR] Popular Nursery Rhymes Lyrics[DOC] [TLE] Nursery Rhymes | Bach to Baby Nursery Rhymes | Bach to Baby [PAR] A Sailor went to Sea Sea Sea [PAR] A sailor went to sea, sea, sea. [PAR] To see what he could see, see, see. [PAR] But all that he could see, see, see. [PAR] Was the bottom of the deep blue sea, sea, sea. [PAR] Baa Baa Black Sheep [PAR] Baa Baa Black sheep have you any wool [PAR] Yes Sir, Yes Sir, three bags full [PAR] One for the master, and one for the dame [PAR] One for the little boy who lives down the lane. [PAR] Thank you says the master, Thank you says the dame [PAR] Thank you says the little boy who lives down the lane. [PAR] Bobby Shaftoe [PAR] Bobby Shaftoe went to sea, [PAR] Silver buckles on his knee. [PAR] He'll come back and marry me, [PAR] Pretty Bobby Shaftoe. [PAR] Bobby Shaftoe's fine and fair, [PAR] Combing down his auburn hair. [PAR] He's my friend for evermore. [PAR] Pretty Bobby Shaftoe. [PAR] When all the cows were sleeping [PAR] And the sun had gone to bed [PAR] Up jumped the scarecrow [PAR] And this is what he said! [PAR] I'm a dingle, dangle scarecrow [PAR] With a flippy floppy hat [PAR] I can shake my hands like this [PAR] And shake my feet like that [PAR] Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes [PAR] Head, shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes [PAR] Head, shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes [PAR] And eyes and ears and mouth and nose [PAR] Head, shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes [PAR] (Repeat, getting faster each time) [PAR] Hey Diddle Diddle [PAR] The Cat and the fiddle, [PAR] The Cow jumped over the moon. [PAR] The little Dog laughed, [PAR] and the Dish ran away with the Spoon. [PAR] Hickory Dickory Dock [PAR] The mouse ran up the clock. [PAR] The clock struck one, [PAR] If you have no daughters, [PAR] Give them to your sons! [PAR] Humpty Dumpty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is NECROMIMESIS? definition of NECROMIMESIS ... What is NECROMIMESIS? definition of NECROMIMESIS (Psychology Dictionary) [PAR] DEATH FEIGNING , KINESTHETIC AFTEREFFECT (KAEI , AUTOKINETIC EFFECT , PROOFREADER'S ILLUSION , AUBERT PHENOMENON , STROBOSCOPIC ILLUSION , PONZO ILLUSION , SIZE-DISTANCE PARADOX , PHANTASM , BREAST-PHANTOM PHENOMENON [PAR] Link to This Definition [PAR] Did you find this definition of NECROMIMESIS helpful? You can share it by copying the code below and adding it to your blog or web page. [PAR] <a href=\"http://psychologydictionary.org/necromimesis/\" title=\"NECROMIMESIS\">NECROMIMESIS</a>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Berlin Travel Tips from Rail Europe Berlin Travel Tips from Rail Europe [PAR] The impressive Berlin Brandenburg Gate at night [PAR] Enjoying the cafes of the Hackesche Hofe in Berlin [PAR] The majestic Concert Hall and Cathedral of Berlin [PAR] A beautiful day at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin [PAR] The Reichstag Presidentail Palace at night [PAR] At the Gates of Modernity [PAR] Berlin 2012. To get from East to West you need not dig a tunnel, hide in a car trunk or hop on a hot air balloon. Simply take S bahn from Friedrichstrasse (the border station) or just walk through the Brandenburg Gate. [PAR] Today\u2019s Berlin is a city of contrasts. Bullet scarred buildings from WWII provide a juxtaposition against an ultramodern metropolis. The four-year-old Berlin Hauptbahnhof (main train station) is one such example. Combining striking architecture with the mobility requirements of 21st century travelers, the station is one of the largest and most contemporary in Europe. [PAR] And speaking of contemporary, Berlin\u2019s modern art scene is truly thriving. Set in an old train station, the Hamburger Bahnhof may have an old fa\u00e7ade, but inside holds a collection of works from the 1960s to the present. Past exhibitions have included Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg and Cy Twombly. [PAR] And there lies one of the many contrasts. You can see modernity flourish in art and architecture, but it\u2019s hard to ignore the city\u2019s solemn history. You can step back in time at the Mauer Museum on the same site as the former Checkpoint Charlie. The DDR museum featuring artifacts from the former East Germany. The Jewish museum contains a history of German Jews. The Berlin Holocaust Memorial, located one block south of the Brandenburg Gate, provides a grim, emotional reminder of a time that no one can, nor should, forget. [PAR] If you want to see how the city has come together, a great overview is the Berlin hop-on/hop-off bus tour . Freely stop at attractions all over Berlin. Just imagine, having the freedom to do what Berliners could only have dreamed of not that long ago. [PAR] For a day trip to one of Germany\u2019s most scenic cities, just hop on the train 30 minutes to Potsdam, home to great wealth and historic movie culture. Visit the enormous Park Sassoud with over 700 acres of gardens and palaces first started by Fredrick the Great. The brick gabled houses of the Dutch Quarter. And for film buffs, the Filmpark Babelsberg, where many silent films were made. [PAR] Maybe you\u2019re looking to relax poolside after a day of touring. Why not hit the beach! In Berlin? It\u2019s possible when you take a day trip south to Krausnick, the man-made Tropical Island Resort. Home to the world\u2019s largest indoor pool and water park, it also contains an artificial rainforest, hot-air ballooning and a camping ground, where visitors can stay for the night inside the climate-controlled dome. What else would you expect from a country known for engineering? [PAR] If you prefer to be more of a traveler than a tourist, catch the Paris-Germany night train . Purchase a sleeper compartment and breakfast is included. Board in Berlin, wake for croissants in Paris. Take a plane? Not someone with your level of savoir-faire. For closer traveler pursuits, get to Prague in five hours on the Eurocity train, and Hamburg in just 90 minutes via ICE . [PAR] Today\u2019s Berlin - hip, influential, current. And oh so cool. Just like those who visit. [PAR] Contributed by: Adam, Travel Consultant for Rail Europe [PAR] Popular Routes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caduceus | definition of caduceus by Medical dictionary Caduceus | definition of caduceus by Medical dictionary [PAR] Caduceus | definition of caduceus by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/caduceus [PAR] caduceus [PAR] [kah-du\u00b4se-us] [PAR] the wand of Hermes or Mercury; used as a symbol of the medical profession and as the emblem of the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army. Another symbol of medicine is the staff of Aesculapius, which is the official insignia of the American Medical Association. [PAR] Caduceus. [PAR] ca\u00b7du\u00b7ce\u00b7us [PAR] (k\u0103-d\u016b's\u0113-\u016ds), [PAR] A staff with two oppositely twined serpents and surmounted by two wings; emblem of the U S Army Medical Corps. For veterinary medicine, the double serpent was changed in 1972 to its present form, with a single serpent. [PAR] [L. the staff of Mercury; G. k\u0113ryx herald, the staff of Hermes] [PAR] caduceus [PAR] /ca\u00b7du\u00b7ce\u00b7us/ (kah-doo\u00b4shus) [L.] the wand of Hermes or Mercury; used as a symbol of the medical profession and as the emblem of the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army. See also staff of Aesculapius . [PAR] Caduceus. (A), United States Army Medical Corps; (B), American Veterinary Medicine Association. [PAR] caduceus [PAR] [k\u0259do\u0305o\u0305\u2032s\u0113\u00b7\u0259s] [PAR] Etymology: L; Gk, karykeion, herald [PAR] the wand of the god Hermes or Mercury, used as the symbol for the U.S. Army Medical Corps. It is represented as a staff with two serpents coiled around it and is often confused with the staff of \u04d4sculapius, a rod with one snake entwined about it. [PAR] caduceus [PAR] A time-honoured symbol used (incorrectly) by various groups for medicine and the healing arts. The caduceus is a hybrid of the staff of Hermes/Mercury, messenger of the gods, and two serpents in a coital position, representing fertility. It was originally intended as a symbol of commerce and trade, but in the 16th century, German printer Johannes Froben used it on the cover of a number of medical texts; in the 19th century, possibly through inadequate scholastic diligence, the US Army Medical Corps and US Marine Hospital Service and the Public Health Service adopted the caduceus as the symbol of choice. [PAR] caduceus [PAR] Medical history The time-honored, yet incorrect, symbol of medicine and art of healing, depicted by two serpents coiled around a winged staff. Cf \u00c6sculapian staff. [PAR] ca\u00b7du\u00b7ce\u00b7us [PAR] (k\u0103-d\u016b's\u0113-\u016ds) [PAR] A staff with two oppositely twined serpents and surmounted by two wings; emblem of the U.S. Army Medical Corps. [PAR] [L. the staff of Mercury; G. k\u0113ryx herald, the staff of Hermes] [PAR] caduceus [PAR] An emblem or symbol consisting of the winged staff of Mercury around which two serpents are entwined in opposite directions. The caduceus appears on the cap badges of members of the Royal Army Medical Corps ( RAMC ) and is the emblem of the American Army Medical Corps. [PAR] Caduceus [PAR] The ancient and universal symbol of medicine consisting of the winged staff of Mercury and two intertwining serpents."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many arms does a squid have? | Reference.com How many arms does a squid have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many arms does a squid have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Most types of squid have eight arms, typically arranged in pairs, in addition to two longer feeding tentacles. The squid is a member of the cephalopod group of mollusks that also includes octopodes, and within this group exist more than 280 different types of squid, according to National Geographic."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phoenix on Pinterest | The Ashes, Phoenix Bird and Artists 1000+ images about Phoenix on Pinterest | Ash, Be cool and Scorpio symbol [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] Phoenix[DOC] [TLE] Phoenix (Illustration) - Mythical Creatures Wallpaper Phoenix (Illustration) - Mythical Creatures Wallpaper [PAR] Phoenix (Illustration) - Mythical Creatures Wallpaper [PAR] This post may contain content that is inappropriate for some users, as flagged by Stuffpoint's user community. [PAR] SignIn or Register to view this image. [PAR] favorite it? enlarge^ 1920x1200 847566 KB [PAR] Phoenix (Illustration) [PAR] An illustration of a phoenix. In Greek mythology, a phoenix is a long-lived bird that is cyclically regenerated or reborn. Associated with the sun, a phoenix obtains new life by arising from the ashes of its predecessor. [PAR] Source: www.hdwallpaperstop.com [PAR] Keys: bird, fire, greece, greek, illustration, legend, legendary, monster, myth, mythological, mythology, phoenix, wallpaper, wallpapers, mythical creatures [PAR] Submitted by MikkelHH 4 years ago [PAR] Reporting this image [PAR] If you feel this image is in violation of our Terms of Service, please use the following form to have it manually reviewed by a staff member. [PAR] Whats wrong with this image?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morse code - Fact-index.com Morse code [PAR] Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index [PAR] Morse code [PAR] Morse code is a system of representing letters, numbers and punctuation marks by means of a code signal sent intermittently. It was developed by Alfred Vail while he was helping Samuel Morse with Morse's invention of the telegraph ( 1835 ). [PAR] Morse code is an early form of digital communication, however unlike modern binary digital codes that use just two states (commonly represented as 1 and 0), it uses five - dot, dash, short gap (between each letter), medium gap (between words) and long gap (between sentences). [PAR] Table of contents [PAR] 8 Morse Code translators [PAR] History of Morse [PAR] Morse's original code consisted of combinations of dots and dashes that represented numbers. Each number represented a word. This required looking up the number in a book to find the word it represented. A telegraph key was then used to tap out the sequence of dots and dashes, and pauses that represented the number. [PAR] Although Morse invented the telegraph , he lacked technical expertise. He entered an agreement with Alfred Vail who built more practical equipment. Vail developed a system in which each letter or symbol is sent individually, using combinations of dots, dashes, and pauses. Morse and Vail agreed that Vail's method of representing individual symbols would be included in Morse's patent. This system, known American Morse code, was the version that was used to transmit the first telegraph message. [PAR] The code may transmitted as an audio tone, a steady radio signal switched on and off (known as continuous wave, or CW), an electrical pulse down a telegraph wire, or as a mechanical or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light). [PAR] In general, any code representing written symbols as variable length signals can be called a Morse code, but the term is used specifically for the two kinds of Morse code used for the English alphabet and associated symbols. American Morse Code was used in the wired telegraph systems that made up the first long-distance electronic communication system. International Morse Code, which uses only dots and dashes (eliminating the pause), is used today. [PAR] Telegraph companies charged based on the length of the message sent. Elaborate commercial codes were developed that encoded complete phrases in five-letter groups that were sent as single words. Examples: BYOXO (\"Are you trying to crawl out of it?\"), LIOUY (\"Why do you not answer my question?\"), and AYYLU (\"Not clearly coded, repeat more clearly.\"). The letters of these five-letter code words were sent individually using Morse code. In networking terminology we would say the commercial code is layered on top of Morse code. Still in use in Amateur Radio are the Q code and Z code; they were and are used by the operators themselves for service information like link quality, frequency changes, and telegram numbering. [PAR] On January 8 , 1838 Alfred Vail demonstrated a telegraph code using dots and dashes which was the forerunner of Morse code. [PAR] When considered as a standard for information encoding, Morse code had a successful lifespan that has not yet been surpassed by any other encoding scheme. Morse code was used as an international standard for maritime communication until 1999 . When the French navy ceased using Morse code in 1997 , the final message transmitted was \"Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence.\" [PAR] American Morse Code [PAR] Virtually extinct, American Morse Code uses a slightly different structure of dots and dashes and uniquely spaces"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dominick Cobb - Inception Wiki - Wikia Dominick Cobb | Inception Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Inception [PAR] Dominick \"Dom\" Cobb [1] is the main protagonist of the film, Inception . Cobb is well known in the black market because of his level of expertise in the field of extraction , which consists of stealing his mark's ideas by infiltrating their dreams and stealing valuable information from them. Wanted as a fugitive for being falsely implicated for the death of his wife, Mal , Cobb is unable to return to his home. As a totem , he uses a spinning top that was once owned by Mal. He uses a Beretta Px4 Storm consistently throughout the film, also using a suppressed Blaser R93 LRS2 sniper rifle during the third level of the the Fischer inception job . He is portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] Dominick Cobb was once a gifted Architect under the mentorship of Professor Stephen Miles. The two were close friends and Miles did not object when Dom became involved with his daughter, Mal. Mal and Dom loved each other dearly and, after having a dream of the couple growing old together, Dom asked her to marry him. The two had two children, Phillipa and James . Mal was also fascinated by dream sharing and the power of the subconscious, but it appears she also was among the first to realize the inherent danger of it. It was for this reason she invented the use of totems to determine dreams and reality, using a metal spinning top. [PAR] During an experiment in Dream-Sharing, Dom insisted on going deeper into the different layers of dreams. This resulted in the two becoming trapped in Limbo, unconstructed dream space. The two spent around fifty years building a city around them, with many buildings created from memories of their past. At first complacent with their position as gods, Dom\u2019s patience with Limbo waned over the decades and he soon sought a way to escape. Mal, however, found the only way she could stand Limbo was to forget about reality. She placed her totem in a hidden safe, symbolizing her locking away the memory that Limbo was not real. In desperation, Dom broke into her hidden safe and performed inception, the artificial implantation of an idea into another\u2019s subconscious. He spun the spinning top, knowing that in the dream world it would not topple. This became a subconscious reminder to Mal of the truth: Limbo was not real and death was the only escape. Together, Dom led Mal to a set of train tracks and waited, with their heads on the tracks, till a train came and killed them. The two woke up, having spent only a short amount of time asleep. [PAR] But the damage of Dom\u2019s actions eventually caught up with him. Even in the real world, Mal continued to believe she was sleeping. She saw her children as projections and rejected Dom\u2019s reasoning. She began harboring suicidal thoughts as she sought to free herself from her dream, but was unable to do it alone. In her mind she felt it would be cowardly to leave Dom behind in the dream world and loved him too dearly to move on without him. Despite her beliefs, three separate psychiatrists declared her sane. [PAR] On the anniversary of their wedding, Dom came to their traditional hotel room to find it in a disheveled state. Noticing an open window, Dom looked outside to see Mal ready to jump off the opposite"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - Sleepy Hollow (1999) Sleepy Hollow (1999) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Ichabod Crane is sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigate the decapitations of 3 people with the culprit being the legendary apparition, the Headless Horseman. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Washington Irving (story \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\"), Kevin Yagher (screen story) | 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 26 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 22 Feb 2012 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 21 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 19 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 22 Apr 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Sleepy Hollow \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 23 wins & 39 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A gentle man, with scissors for hands, is brought into a new community after living in isolation. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] The infamous story of Benjamin Barker, AKA Sweeney Todd, who sets up a barber shop down in London which is the basis for a sinister partnership with his fellow tenant, Mrs. Lovett. Based on the hit Broadway musical. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A couple of recently deceased ghosts contract the services of a \"bio-exorcist\" in order to remove the obnoxious new owners of their house. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Earth is invaded by Martians with unbeatable weapons and a cruel sense of humor. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] An imprisoned vampire, Barnabas Collins, is set free and returns to his ancestral home, where his dysfunctional descendants are in need of his protection. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] When a corrupt businessman and the grotesque Penguin plot to take control of Gotham City, only Batman can stop them, while the Catwoman has her own agenda. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] The Dark Knight of Gotham City begins his war on crime with his first major enemy being the clownishly homicidal Joker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] In Victorian Era London, a troubled clairvoyant police detective investigates the murders by Jack The Ripper. [PAR] Directors: Albert Hughes, Allen Hughes [PAR] Stars: Johnny Depp, Heather Graham, Ian Holm [PAR] An ambitious but troubled movie director tries his best to fulfill his dream, despite his lack of support. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A writer is accused of plagiarism by a strange man, who then starts haunting him for \"justice.\" [PAR] Director: David Koepp [PAR] A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. [PAR] Director: Neil Jordan [PAR] A rare book dealer, while seeking out the last two copies of a demon text, gets drawn into a conspiracy with supernatural overtones. [PAR] Director: Roman Polanski [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The curse of the headless horseman is the legacy of the small town of Sleepy Hollow. Spearheaded by the eager Constable Ichabod Crane and his new world ways into the quagmire of secrets and murder, secrets once laid to rest, best forgotten and now reawakened, and he too, holding a dark secret of a past once gone. Written"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rent Avenue Foch apartments in Paris with Paris Attitude Rent a furnished apartment located in Avenue Foch area. [PAR] Paris - 1 Bedroom rue des Sablons 75016 Paris [PAR] A large avenue leading to the west of Paris [PAR] Avenue Foch is the widest road in Paris. It is also one of the most prestigious, exclusive avenues in the capital. Opened in 1854 by Napoleon III, it was constructed to link the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es and the Bois de Boulogne. It has the unique feature of having gardens and unpaved bridle paths running along each side. The district surrounds this road lined with plush, Haussmann-style buildings, home mainly to well-off families, celebrities, and retirees. Made up of luxury residences and mansions, the Foch district is relatively quiet. [PAR] An avenue made for walking [PAR] In the past, horse riders would use the dirt paths, which is why they are called bridle paths. You can catch a glimpse of the Palais Rose, one of the capital's most glamorous residences with its architecture inspired by Marie-Antoinette's Petit Trianon at Versailles. Further on stands the Monument \u00e0 Alphand, a stone structure by the Parisian sculptor Dalou. In the evenings, the exclusive clubs that line the Avenue, like Le Cercle and Le Duplex, offer long nights out that stretch until dawn. [PAR] A peaceful residential district [PAR] The Foch district is served by line 2, at Charles-de-Gaulle-\u00c9toile, Porte Dauphine and Victor Hugo metro stations, and Gare de l'Avenue Foch station where the RER C runs through. The main businesses in the area (grocery stores, convenience stores, bakeries, newsstands, etc.) can mainly be found around Place Victor Hugo and along Avenue de Malakoff. [PAR] Paris Attitude Services[DOC] [TLE] 10 Best Cheap Hotels Near Paris Avenue Foch Station ... 10 Best Cheap Hotels Near Paris Avenue Foch Station - Hotels.com [PAR] Hotels.com\u2122 RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! [PAR] 133 people looked at this hotel in the last hour [PAR] Most recent review [PAR] \"Hotel is around a 10 minute walk from Arc de Triomphe and Champs Elysees. Metro station at Port Maillot is 2 minute walk. Hotel staff superb as is the hotel. Thoroughly recommend staying at this location.\" [PAR] A Traveller, Oct 2016, GB [PAR] Le Dokhan's, A Tribute Portfolio Hotel, Paris [PAR] Excellent 4.0 / 5 ( 124 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com\u2122 RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! [PAR] 55 people looked at this hotel in the last hour [PAR] Most recent review [PAR] \"The staff was amazing ans super cool. I stayed there for one night and they upgraded my room to Effile tower suite :) The location is perfect.\" [PAR] F, Oct 2016, US [PAR] Good 3.8 / 5 ( 132 genuine reviews ) [PAR] Top-rated for families [PAR] Hotels.com\u2122 RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! [PAR] 48 people looked at this hotel in the last hour [PAR] Most recent review [PAR] \"On my arrival, I enjoyed a warm welcome. My come with spacious bathroom, the room itself quite spacious too. I used to get free umbrella and free coffee service at my disposal. The hotel very helpfully arranged a shuttle service to my benefit on my departure day. It was just nice \" [PAR] F, Dec 2016, US [PAR] Excellent 4.2 / 5 ( 122 genuine reviews ) [PAR] Top-rated for breakfast [PAR] Hotels.com\u2122 RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*! [PAR] 47 people looked at this hotel in the last hour [PAR] Most recent review [PAR] \"Very nice large king size bed would accommodate 3 people (2 adults & 1 child). But the toilet was dirty"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Swedish fashion \u2013 from catwalk to sidewalk | sweden.se Swedish fashion \u2013 from catwalk to sidewalk | sweden.se [PAR] Home / Culture & traditions / Swedish fashion \u2013 from catwalk to sidewalk [PAR] Swedish fashion \u2013 from catwalk to sidewalk [PAR] \u2018Less is more\u2019 accurately describes much of Swedish fashion. There\u2019s a fondness for discreet colours and a pared-down, refined look. As with so many aspects of life, Swedes tend to take a practical approach to what they wear, but this doesn\u2019t mean there is any lack of creativity. [PAR] Start reading [PAR] Swedish fashion \u2013 from catwalk to sidewalk [PAR] \u2018Less is more\u2019 accurately describes much of Swedish fashion. There\u2019s a fondness for discreet colours and a pared-down, refined look. As with so many aspects of life, Swedes tend to take a practical approach to what they wear, but this doesn\u2019t mean there is any lack of creativity. [PAR] The Swedish fashion wonder [PAR] About ten years ago, people started talking about the Swedish \u2018fashion wonder\u2019. Opinions differ as to what this actually means. Is it a reference to Acne\u2019s fairytale success, to the huge quantities of clothing that H&M sells worldwide, or to artistic, avant-garde fashion? [PAR] Some people argue that there have in fact been several Swedish fashion wonders, although the generic term refers to the rapid development of Swedish fashion as a whole. [PAR] Filippa K and Anna Holtblad were among the trailblazers for the Swedish fashion miracle. [PAR] Filippa K\u2019s business idea is to design, manufacture and sell wearable fashion garments and accessories with a timeless style. Early on, Filippa K made her name in Sweden with her characteristic women\u2019s stretch jeans. A few years later, Filippa K Man was launched, and the brand began to spread across Europe and North America. Today, Filippa K clothes are sold in some 700 stores in 17 countries. [PAR] annaholtblad.com [PAR] Designer jeans have made a significant contribution to Swedish fashion exports. Acne Jeans, founded in 1996, placed Sweden on the international jeans map. Acne saw a rising demand for denim on the market and designed 100 different styles of unisex jeans. Once primarily a jeans label, Acne now produces internationally recognised fashion collections. [PAR] shop.acnestudios.com [PAR] Stockholm Fashion Week [PAR] Twice a year, in August and in January/February, the Swedish Fashion Council organises Stockholm Fashion Week, an event for the fashion industry. In May and November, the council organises Stockholm Fashion Week Retailer Collections, aimed mostly at Swedish journalists and trade professionals. [PAR] stockholmfashionweek.com [PAR] Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in Stockholm [PAR] Held twice a year, its main focus is to get the international fashion community, including the media and fashion buyers, to take a closer look at the Swedish fashion scene. [PAR] mercedesbenzfashionweek.se [PAR] The Swedish Fashion Council [PAR] Set up in 1979 to promote Swedish fashion in Sweden and abroad, the council analyses trends in fashion and interior design, and is a platform for cooperation in the Swedish fashion and textile trade. [PAR] moderadet.se [PAR] Nordic Fashion Association [PAR] Founded in 2008 by five Nordic fashion organisations: the Danish Fashion Institute, Helsinki Design Week, the Icelandic Fashion Council, Oslo Fashion Week and the Swedish Fashion Council. The NFA\u2019s aim is to promote cross-border projects in the fashion field. One such example is NICE \u2013 Nordic Initiative, Clean and Ethical \u2013 a joint commitment by the Nordic fashion industry to take a leading role in social and environmental issues. [PAR] Designer jeans have made a significant contribution to Swedish fashion exports. WeSC and Nudie are among the biggest names in Swedish denim. [PAR] Photos: WeSC,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot \u2014 Reviews ... The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot \u2014 Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists [PAR] Shelves: british-literature , victorian-literature , favorites , historical-fiction , read-in-2010 , author-george-eliot , my-western-canon , everymans-library-editions [PAR] Upon completion of the The Mill on the Floss, I realized that I had just finished something monumental\u2014a staggeringly amazing literary achievement. This novel, written by \u2018George Eliot\u2019 (Mary Anne, or Marian Evans), and first published by Blackwood and Sons in 1860, could have just as easily been titled, \u201cPride and Prejudice\u201d had not that title been put to use already. Some twenty-four hours after finishing this book, I am coming to the conclusion that Eliot may, in fact, represent the absolute Upon completion of the The Mill on the Floss, I realized that I had just finished something monumental\u2014a staggeringly amazing literary achievement. This novel, written by \u2018George Eliot\u2019 (Mary Anne, or Marian Evans), and first published by Blackwood and Sons in 1860, could have just as easily been titled, \u201cPride and Prejudice\u201d had not that title been put to use already. Some twenty-four hours after finishing this book, I am coming to the conclusion that Eliot may, in fact, represent the absolute pinnacle of writing in the Victorian Age. This is not, in any way, shape, or form, a \u201cSilly novel by a Lady Novelist\u201d (see Eliot\u2019s essay \u201cSilly Novels by Lady Novelists,\u201d Westminster Review, October 1856). This novel is not of the \u201cmind-and-millinery,\u201d \u201crank-and-beauty,\u201d or of the \u201cenigmatic\u201d species. This is a novel in the finest tradition of Realism, and I can\u2019t help but think that it must have served as some form of inspiration for the later naturalism of Thomas Hardy. [PAR] This book should really be required reading for parents and brothers and sisters. The story of the young Maggie Tulliver, and her relationship with her older brother Tom and her parents is compelling, and is one that we can all relate to on so many levels. It warns us that actions, things said, or beliefs instilled upon the young can have profound implications for years to come. [PAR] I suppose in some respects that The Mill on the Floss can also be considered to be the bildungsroman of Maggie Tulliver as Eliot clearly focuses on the psychological and moral growth of Maggie, her main protagonist, from when she was a little girl until she has become a young-adult. It is the ability (or inability) of Maggie to adapt to changes in her own life, and the lives of those she loves around her, that provides the main premise of the narrative. In the spirit of full disclosure, I began to fall in love with Maggie early on in the novel, and loved her more with each page that I turned. [PAR] In my opinion, Maggie Tulliver is one of the most engaging and endearing heroines that a reader will encounter in Victorian fiction. Eliot\u2019s raven-haired and dark-eyed beautiful creation manages to combine the goodness, sensitivity, and natural curiosity of Elizabeth Gaskell\u2019s \u2018Molly Gibson;\u2019 the spirit and independence of Charles Dickens\u2019s \u2018Bella Wilfur;\u2019 and the wit and humor of Jane Austen\u2019s \u2018Elizabeth Bennet.\u2019 Maggie Tulliver has a heart the size of the sun, nearly as bright, and burns just as hotly. She wants to please everyone, all of the time; and it is this propensity to love and be loved that leads to her troubles. Mostly though, Maggie desires more than anything to please her older brother Tom; and, in return, to be unconditionally loved by him. [PAR] We see an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Cricket | Laws & Equipment | Rain-affected targets BBC SPORT | Cricket | Laws & Equipment | Rain-affected targets [PAR] Laws & Equipment [PAR] The Duckworth-Lewis method is used to help decide rain-interrupted one-day cricket matches. [PAR] It is named after Frank Duckworth and Tony Lewis who devised the mathematical formula. [PAR] It means a result can always be reached in a reduced overs match. [PAR] WHEN IS IT USED? [PAR] Teams start a match with the same resources - the number of overs they receive and number of wickets in hand. [PAR] If a match is shortened once it is started, so the resources are reduced. [PAR] For example, if the team which bats first had their innings interrupted, team two would often be set a larger run target to compensate. [PAR] But should the team second at the stumps be interrupted, their run target would often be reduced. [PAR] Duckworth and Lewis came up with the equation which determines how much a run target should be altered. [PAR] HOW DOES IT WORK? [PAR] For example: a team have lost five wickets after receiving 25 of their 50 overs when rain stops play. [PAR] At this point, using the table produced by the Duckworth-Lewis method, the team's remaining resources are valued at 42.2%. [PAR] If 15 overs are then lost because of the weather, the innings will be completed after only 10 more overs. [PAR] The D/L method says that, with 10 overs left and five wickets lost, the team has 26.1% of their resources left. [PAR] To compensate for the lost overs, we must calculate the resource % lost. [PAR] This works out to 42.2 - 26.1 = 16.1. [PAR] If the team had been chasing a total of 250 runs, their new target is calculated in the following way. [PAR] Resources available at the start = 100% [PAR] Resources lost = 16.1 [PAR] Resources available after rain interruption = 83.9% [PAR] Then reduce team one's score in the following way. Multiply team one's runs scored by the recalculated resources divided by the resources available at the start. [PAR] That is: 250 x 83.9/100 = 209.75. [PAR] The target is then rounded to the nearest whole number, so the team batting second would be set a target of 210 to win. [PAR] Simple![DOC] [TLE] The Duckworth-Lewis method - explained! | Sport - The Guardian The Duckworth-Lewis method - explained! | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] The Duckworth-Lewis method - explained! [PAR] Tuesday 4 March 2003 08.10 EST [PAR] First published on Tuesday 4 March 2003 08.10 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The Duckworth-Lewis method. If every South African and New Zealander didn't know what it was before yesterday, they do now. [PAR] Last night, host nation South Africa crashed out of the World Cup in excruciating circumstances after the Duckworth-Lewis method decreed that they had drawn their rain-affected match with Sri Lanka. That meant New Zealand qualified for the Super Sixes in their place. Had South Africa scored just one more run before the umpires took the players off, they would have gone through instead. [PAR] So who or what are Duckworth-Lewis and is there any method in this madness? [PAR] The D/L method, as it is known to its friends, is the brainchild of two British stattos and is the prevailing system used to adjust victory targets in one day internationals in the event of a rain delay. Stay with us. [PAR] Frank Duckworth is a consultant statistician and editor of the Royal Statistical Society's monthly news magazine, RSS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Art History in Perspective | Scholastic Art | Scholastic.com Art History in Perspective | Scholastic Art | Scholastic.com [PAR] ART [PAR] Scholastic ART combines lessons on classic and contemporary artists with hands-on workshop projects to help support a balanced art curriculum for grades 7\u201312. Teacher\u2019s Edition for grades 4\u20136 also included. [PAR] Renaissance artist Raphael shows off the technique of perspective in The School of Athens. (Raphael, The School of Athens; Scala / Art Resource, NY) [PAR] Art History in Perspective [PAR] EMAIL [PAR] Study the diagram showing one-point perspective. Then look for additional converging lines in School of Athens. (Raphael, The School of Athens; Scala / Art Resource, NY) [PAR] During the Renaissance (1400-1600), the air in Europe seemed charged with ideas. Artists, writers, musicians, architects, scientists, and mathematicians clamored for knowledge and new ways of looking at the world. It was one of the most exciting times in history. [PAR] FLAT FIGURES [PAR] Before the Renaissance, most art in Europe centered around Christianity. The most important figures were placed centrally and painted larger than the others. It wasn\u2019t important for them to be in realistic-looking settings. [PAR] At the start of the Renaissance, artists became interested in painting more of the world around them. However, they did not have the visual tools to create depth on a two-dimensional picture plane. In Giovanni di Paolo\u2019s (joh-VAHN-ni DEE-pow-loh) 1445 Paradise, the figures look flat and appear to be floating in space. They\u2019re all the same size and are stacked on top of one another in rows. The horizon line (the line dividing the earth from the sky) is placed near the top rather than at eye level, as we see Earth\u2019s horizon in real life. [PAR] ART MEETS MATH [PAR] Renaissance artists experimented with ways to create the illusion of deep space on a flat surface. They figured out that in real life, parallel lines (for example, a road) appear to converge, or meet, as they recede into the horizon. Additionally, objects that are close appear to be larger and in better focus than those farther away. By applying these concepts to their canvases, artists could mimic the way we see the world. This mathematical system of using lines to create realistic-looking depth is called linear perspective. [PAR] SCHOOL OF GREATS [PAR] By the 1500s, many artists had mastered the new system of using perspective. When a young artist named Raphael was hired to paint a fresco on a wall of the library at St. Peter\u2019s Church in Rome, he was excited to show off this technique. [PAR] From our point of view, when we look at School of Athens (above, right) it is hard to tell where the real architecture ends and the painted arches begin. It is as if we are looking through the wall it is painted on and into the next room. In that room are some of the great thinkers of history who inspired Raphael, including the Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle in the center. [PAR] Raphael used one-point perspective to compose this work. The lines on the floor tiles and the pillars converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon line. It is between Plato\u2019s and Aristotle\u2019s heads (see diagram). The converging lines also draw our attention to the two figures. Even though they are painted smaller and with less detail than the figures in the foreground (the closest area to the viewer), we can still tell they are the most important. [PAR] School of Athens is considered one of the best examples of linear perspective. For more than 500 years,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meissen China - Collector Information | Collectors Weekly Meissen China - Collector Information | Collectors Weekly [PAR] Meissen China [PAR] Overview eBay Auctions Show & Tell Articles [PAR] Johann Friedrich B\u00f6ttger, the father of Meissen porcelain , was a hard-drinking alchemist who moved from European court to European court in a vain attempt to turn lead into gold for his royal sponsors. His final failure was in the eastern part of present-day Germany, where Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, locked him in a laboratory until B\u00f6ttger replicated the king\u2019s other passion, Chinese porcelain. [PAR] According to B\u00f6ttger\u2019s kiln records, on January 15, 1708, after a 12-hour firing, the first true hard-paste porcelain body on the European continent was produced. It was white, translucent, and of fine enough quality to rival Chinese porcelain , which was treasured by European monarchs of the time. The secret was intense heat, a mineral called kaolin (today it is known as china clay), and the substitution of alabaster for petuntse, the latter of which is still used in a variety of ceramics. [PAR] Augustus was so taken with B\u00f6ttger\u2019s breakthrough that in 1710 he established the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufactory in Meissen, just outside Dresden. B\u00f6ttger had replicated the Chinese clay body, but it would take Meissen potters and painters (among them Johann Gregor H\u00f6roldt) a few more years to bring the glazes up to the king\u2019s high standards. By the time of his death in 1733, Augustus had commissioned more than 35,000 porcelain pieces for his showplace \u201cJapanese Palace\u201d in Dresden. [PAR] B\u00f6ttger was the Meissen factory\u2019s first modeler until his death in 1719. Johann Gottlieb Kirchner joined the factory from 1727 until 1733, and made many of 1:1 scale animals for Augustus\u2019s menagerie at the Palace \u2014 597 animals and birds were envisioned, but only 458 were produced when the project was abandoned in 1739. More important than what Kirchner made was the person he mentored: Johann Joachim K\u00e4ndler, who began his career in Meissen in 1731 and remained for 40 years. [PAR] K\u00e4ndler is considered one of the most important ceramists of the 18th century, as are his Meissen assistants (Johann Friedrich Eberlein and Peter Reinicke being two of the most renowned). Their output was prodigious: K\u00e4ndler alone is thought to have created more than 1,000 different figures or groups of figures, from swans to stags to squirrels. [PAR] One of the most collected series from this period was the Affenkapelle, or monkey band, consisting of 21 monkey musicians and a conductor. These were prized by collectors, as were Meissen figures of harlequins, dwarves, and hunchbacks. Other series focused on seasons, continents, dancers, and tradesmen. [PAR] Of course, Meissen dinnerware was also produced in dizzying arrays of plates and bowls and drinking vessels, each stamped with the factory\u2019s famous crossed-swords mark on its base. Floral patterns copied from Chinese porcelain were favored, as were patterns using indigenous German flowers. The names of each service generally took its name from the predominant pattern. Thus the Yellow Lion and Red Dragon services for Augustus, or the Swan service for Count von Bruhl, who became the director of the factory in 1733... [PAR] The Seven Years\u2019 War in 1756 ended the golden age of Meissen porcelain. The factory\u2019s kilns were destroyed and just about all of its almost 600 workers fled. Frederick the Great of Prussia, who occupied Dresden during the war, tried to revive the factory by leasing it to an entrepreneur, who rebuilt the kilns and sold most of the factory\u2019s wares to Frederick himself. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baby Names Blog: Blog of Baby Name Wizard author Laura ... Baby Names Blog: Blog of Baby Name Wizard author Laura Wattenberg | When authors invent names (or not) | Baby Name Wizard [PAR] When authors invent names (or not) [PAR] Feb 10th 2011 [PAR] By Laura Wattenberg [PAR] I recently wrote about the slippery concept of parents \"inventing\" a baby name . Some claim invention of a name already borne by hundreds of people, while others claim traditional origins for brand-new names because they resemble old word roots. [PAR] Yet we credit individuals with \"inventing\" names all the time -- when they put those names into books or plays. Does anybody question Shakespeare's role as the inventor of the name Miranda, even though it\u2019s built off the Latin root meaning \"admire\"? [PAR] In fact, you can find the whole gamut of invented, discovered, and pseudo-invented names in literature. One reader noted a recent example: Neil Gaiman's Coraline . [PAR] Gaiman has been unusually frank about how he chose the name. One day he was typing the name Caroline and accidentally transposed two vowels. He was so taken with the result that he used it for the heroine of a children's novel. Only later did he discover Coraline was a \"real\" name. (It was modestly common during the joint heyday of Cora, Coral and Adeline in the late 1800s.) [PAR] For a mirror image, try Anne Rice's vampire Lestat . (Hmm, on second thought, don't bother trying to see his image in a mirror.) Rice named her undead hero Lestat de Lioncourt in the mistaken belief that Lestat was an old French given name used in Louisiana. In fact, the name was her own accidental creation. [PAR] So who's the name inventor, the author who fell in love with a \"real\" name he thought he made up, or the author who made up a name she thought was \"real\"? [PAR] Even when a writer does invent a name for a character, the job of creating a baby name isn\u2019t necessarily done. For instance, Jonathan Swift invented the name Vanessa for his 1713 poem \"Cadenus and Vanessa.\" Swift created the name as homage to a woman named Esther Vanhomrigh, building it out of bits of her first and last names. That\u2019s as straightforward an origin as you\u2019ll find. [PAR] The trick is, Swift's poem didn't inspire much use of the baby name Vanessa at all. The name was almost unheard of until the 20th Century. Celebrity parents Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson had a much bigger influence on the name Vanessa when they chose it for their baby daughter in 1937, by which time \"Cadenus and Vanessa\" was far from most parents\u2019 minds. As young Vanessa Redgrave grew up, she added her own fame to the name\u2019s profile. [PAR] Does that make Vanessa a literary name or a celebrity name? I\u2019d say the answer is fully both. It\u2019s literary in origin but celebrity in usage, much as a name like Eduardo is Old English in origin but Spanish/Portuguese in usage. The creative act is distributed; the name\u2019s practical \u201cmeaning\u201d continues to be shaped over time. [PAR] Which brings us back to Neil Gaiman. He may not have invented the name Coraline, but I\u2019d say he clearly re-invented it. Doesn\u2019t that name carry a different meaning than it did 10 years ago? And if a baby is named in honor of Gaiman\u2019s heroine, isn\u2019t his origin the one that matters?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capelli d'angelo Pasta - Definition and Cooking ... Capelli d'angelo Pasta - Definition and Cooking Information - RecipeTips.com [PAR] Extremely thin, long strands of pasta, which are available in both strands and nests. Also known as Angel hair. [PAR] Capelli d'angelo Pasta Reviews[DOC] [TLE] Pasta - Strand Pasta - remsset.com Pasta - Strand Pasta [PAR] Pasta [PAR] Estimated Cooking Time [PAR] Angel Hair (capelli d' angelo) [PAR] Extremely thin, long strands of pasta, which are available in both strands and nests. Also known as Capelli d'angelo. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 2 to 4 minutes. [PAR] Barbina [PAR] A long strand pasta that is very similar to capellini. It is generally available in coiled nests. [PAR] Cook for 2 to 4 minutes. [PAR] Bigoli [PAR] Long strand pasta, which is made with whole-wheat and has a thickness similar to spaghetti. It has a rough surface, which helps it hold sauces better and absorb its flavor. [PAR] Cook for 9 to 12 minutes. [PAR] Capelli d'angelo (Angel Hair) [PAR] Extremely thin, long strands of pasta, which are available in both strands and nests. Also known as Angel hair. [PAR] Cook for 2 to 4 minutes. [PAR] Capellini [PAR] Long strands of pasta that are very similar to Angel hair pasta, only slightly thinner. Available in both strands and nests. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 2 to 4 minutes. [PAR] Chitarra (spaghetti alla chitarra) [PAR] Long pasta strands, which resemble spaghetti, except they are square instead of round. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 10 to 13 minutes. [PAR] Ciriole [PAR] A thick strand of pasta that is stretched until it its approximately double the thickness of spaghetti. It has a squared shape rather than round like spaghetti. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 7 to 10 minutes. [PAR] Fedelini (fidelini) [PAR] Very thin strands of long pasta, which are slightly thicker than vermicelli. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 5 to 7 minutes. [PAR] Fusilli lunghi [PAR] Long, twisted, corkscrew or spring-like shaped pasta strands that are hollowed through the center of the strands. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 10 to 12 minutes. [PAR] Spaghetti [PAR] Long thin round strand pastas. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 9 to 12 minutes. [PAR] Spaghetti (Low Carb) [PAR] [PAR] A low carbohydrate pasta that is the same thickness and size as regular spaghetti. It has about 25% of the carbohydrates contained in regular pasta. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 6 to 9 minutes. [PAR] Spaghettini [PAR] A thinner version of spaghetti. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 7 to 10 minutes. [PAR] Spaghettoni [PAR] A thicker version of spaghetti. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 10 to 13 minutes. [PAR] Thin Spaghetti [PAR] A pasta strand very similar to vermicelli. Both thin spaghetti and vermicelli are slightly thinner than spaghettini. [PAR] Cooking Time: Cook for 5 to 6 minutes. [PAR] Vermicelli"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When Precisely Will The Summer Solstice Occur Tonight? When Is The Summer Solstice? Northern Hemisphere Embraces Longest Day Of The Year | The Huffington Post [PAR] When Is The Summer Solstice? Northern Hemisphere Embraces Longest Day Of The Year [PAR] 06/20/2012 10:51 am ET [PAR] By: LiveScience Staff [PAR] Welcome, summer! The season officially begins Wednesday, the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. [PAR] The summer solstice of 2012 will occur at 7:09 p.m. EDT, the instant when the sun climbs to its farthest point north of the equator. For those in the Southern Hemisphere, this solstice is the astronomical marker for the beginning of winter. [PAR] Though the actual length of the 24-hour day doesn't change, daylight will last a fraction of a second longer on June 20 than on June 19 or 21. From here on out, the days will get just a bit shorter each day until the winter solstice in December . [PAR] The reason for these fluctuations has to do with the tilt of Earth's axis. Our planet's spin is skewed 23.5 degrees. At the summer solstice, the North Pole is tilted as much as possible toward the sun. The winter solstice occurs when the planet's northernmost point is directed as far as possible away from the sun. That means that those of us north of the equator get more rays in the summer months. [ Gallery: Stunning Summer Solstice Photos ] [PAR] The sun is always above the horizon in summertime at the North Pole, reaching its apex at the solstice. This perpetual daylight continues until the autumn equinox in September, when the sun finally sets. A months-long twilight follows until October, when the North Pole experiences round-the-clock winter darkness. [PAR] It might seem logical that during summer's hottest days, the Earth is closest to the sun. However, when it's summer in the Northern Hemisphere, our planet is actually swinging far away from our nearest star. Earth's orbit is elliptical rather than a perfect circle. On July 4 at 10 p.m. EDT, our planet will reach its \"aphelion,\" or the point in its orbit where it is farthest from the sun. That's a distance of 94,505,849 miles (152,092,421 kilometers). The longer days of summer still keep the temperatures plenty hot, though. [PAR] This year's solstice is expected to be a scorcher for some Americans. A heat wave in the Northeast may break records on Wednesday (June 20), according to the National Weather Service. Heat advisories are in place for Wednesday in Baltimore, Md., Washington, D.C., and parts of northern Virginia, southeastern Pennsylvania and New York and New Jersey. Temperatures may top out around 100 degrees Fahrenheit in these regions. [PAR] Nevertheless, the solstice doesn't usually correspond with the hottest days of the year, which are much more likely in July and August. That's because the oceans take time to heat up, creating a lag between peak sunshine and peak summer heat. [PAR] Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience . We're also on Facebook & Google+ .[DOC] [TLE] June Solstice - Summer and Winter Solstice June Solstice - Summer and Winter Solstice [PAR] Equinoxes and solstices from 2000\u20132049 [PAR] Zenith Furthest Away from the Equator [PAR] A solstice happens when the sun's zenith is at its furthest point from the equator. On the June solstice, it reaches its northernmost point and the Earth\u2019s North Pole tilts directly towards the sun, at about 23.4 degrees . [PAR] It's also known as the northern solstice because it occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Pewter? A Tin-Based Metal Alloy! What is Pewter? A Tin-Based Metal Alloy! [PAR] What is Pewter? [PAR] Yes, what IS pewter? That was my first question when my interest in pewter started. [PAR] Well, pewter is a metal alloy. That means it's a mixture of two or more metals. Tin is the major component of pewter at more than 90% and the rest is antimony, copper, and sometimes bismuth. Tin is the fourth most expensive metal in common use behind platinum, gold and silver. But don't be misled by the ranking. It's price is very far below silver. [PAR] So why must pewter contain antimony and copper? [PAR] Well, tin is a pretty soft metal and would easily deform even at normal temperatures, which makes it difficult to work with. So pewterers add antimony and copper to make it harder. Tin also melts at a rather low 232\u00b0C (450\u00b0F). Just to show you how low that melting point is, some plastics like polystyrene and ABS are actually processed at about this temperature. Anyhow, once alloyed with antimony and copper, the resulting pewter melts at a higher 250\u00b0C (482\u00b0F). [PAR] Lead used to be the main hardener in pewter before it was replaced by antimony. Modern pewterers don't use it anymore (or very little of it) since it can cause lead poisoning. Long term exposure to lead, for example in using pewter plates and mugs, can result in brain disorder especially in children. The use of lead has been banned in just about anything except in areas where a replacement cannot be found. [PAR] Are there differences between modern lead-free pewter and the poisonous (ok, that's a little harsh) old ones? [PAR] Yes, there are. First of all, it's the 'look'. Newly-made pewter containing lead tends to have a bluish tint. This fades away as the pewter ages and it becomes a darker silvery-grey in color. That's due to tarnish (oxidation), and the main culprit is lead which gets oxidised pretty easily. Modern pewter tarnishes more slowly and is also more easily cleaned. [PAR] Another feature of old pewter is the weight. Because lead has a much higher density than tin, lead-containing pewter is heavier. The more lead is added, the heavier it gets. For your comparison, lead has a density of 11.34 g/cm3 while tin's is only at 7.29 g/cm3. [PAR] While looking for more pewter information, I came across 'Britannia metal'. This in fact IS the modern lead-free pewter as we know it. Britannia metal (or 'white metal') first emerged in England in the latter part of the 18th century. This alloy can be rolled into sheets which are later cut and shaped, even when they're cool. [PAR] Now that you know what is pewter, why not find out a little about its history?[DOC] [TLE] Pewter Information - CARN METALS LIMITED Pewter Information [PAR] Help I'm an American! [PAR] What is Pewter? [PAR] Throughout it's long history pewter has had an almost infinite variety of compositions, even today there are still numerous varieties produced. Through time the only common factor is a relatively high tin content which is hardened by additions of other elements. The main properties of tin that are exploited by pewter are the low melting point, good casting properties and appearance, pure tin is too soft to be of use. Many European languages make no distinction between pewter and tin for example in French \ufffdtain is the same word for both. This may appear strange and certainly makes for some interesting conversations, it's a bit like having the same word for bronze"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Royal Residences | Unofficial Royalty British Royal Residences | Unofficial Royalty [PAR] British Royal Residences [PAR] St. James\u2019s Palace [PAR] London [PAR] Although no longer used as a residence of the Sovereign, St. James\u2019s Palace is the senior and official palace of the British Monarchy. Used primarily for official functions and office space, it also contains the London residences of The Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, The Hon. Lady Ogilvy. Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie of York have an apartment here as well. [PAR] Click HERE for our in-depth article about St. James\u2019s Palace and York House! [PAR] Buckingham Palace [PAR] London [PAR] Perhaps one of the most recognized buildings in the world, Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh, as well as the offices of the Monarchy. The Palace also contains the official London residences and offices of The Duke of York and The Earl and Countess of Wessex, as well as the offices of The Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, The Hon. Lady Ogilvy. [PAR] Click HERE for our in-depth article about Buckingham Palace! [PAR] Windsor Castle [PAR] Windsor [PAR] Windsor Castle is another of The Queen\u2019s official residences, and where she spends most weekends. Originally built as a fortress by William the Conqueror, the Castle is considered the largest inhabited castle in the world, and the oldest continually occupied. Within the Castle is St George\u2019s Chapel, the site of many royal weddings through the years, and the home of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. It is here that the annual Garter Day service and procession take place. [PAR] In the surrounding Home Park and Windsor Great Park are many current and former royal residences, including Royal Lodge, Frogmore House, Cumberland Lodge, and Fort Belvedere (amongst others). [PAR] Click HERE for our in-depth article about Windsor Castle! [PAR] Palace of Holyroodhouse [PAR] Edinburgh, Scotland [PAR] The Palace of Holyroodhouse is The Queen\u2019s official residence in Scotland, situated at one end of the Royal Mile, in the \u2018Old Town\u2019 area of Edinburgh. The Queen traditionally spends a week in residence at the end of June. This was the site of the first garden party, held by The Queen\u2019s grandparents, King George V and Queen Mary \u2013 a tradition that continues to this day. [PAR] Click HERE for our in-depth article about the Palace of Holyroodhouse! [PAR] Hillsborough Castle [PAR] Northern Ireland [PAR] Hillsborough Castle is the official residence used by The Queen and Royal Family when visiting Northern Ireland, although its primarily use is as the residence of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. [PAR] Sandringham House [PAR] Norfolk [PAR] Originally purchased as a home for the future King Edward VII, Sandringham House remains one of the privately owned homes of The Sovereign. The Queen traditionally spends the Christmas holiday here with the royal family, and remains in residence until February, after the anniversary of her accession to the throne. [PAR] Within the grounds are several other residences, including: [PAR] York Cottage \u2013 formerly the home of the future King George V and Queen Mary, now primarily offices [PAR] Park House \u2013 birthplace of Diana, Princess of Wales, now operated as the Park House Hotel [PAR] Anmer Hall \u2013 the country home of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge [PAR] Wood Farm \u2013 often used for former spouses and other guests during the holidays [PAR] Click HERE for our in-depth article about Sandringham House! [PAR] Royal Lodge [PAR] Windsor Great Park, Windsor [PAR] Located in Windsor Great Park, Royal Lodge is the official residence of The Duke"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ice Age - Ice Age Wiki - Wikia Ice Age | Ice Age Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Ice Age was released on March 15, 2002 [1] as a computer-animated comedy film directed by Chris Wedge and Carlos Saldanha . It is the first of four films released in the Ice Age series , made by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox . [PAR] The film is set during the days of the ice age ; animals begin migrating south to escape the winters. Once Manny , a no-nonsense mammoth , meets Sid , a loudmouthed ground sloth , and the two find a human baby named Roshan , they set out to return the baby. Joining them is a saber-tooth tiger named Diego , who is commanded by his pack leader, Soto , to bring the baby to him to enact revenge against the humans. [PAR] The film was well-recieved by critics and audiences alike, and it was a box office success, earning $383 worldwide against it's $59 million budget. The film won several film awards, including an Academy Award nomination. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Sid embraces Manny 's trunk. [PAR] \"We make a great team. What do you say we head south together?\" [PAR] \u2015Sid[src] [PAR] A saber-tooth squirrel named Scrat tries to store his acorn by stomping it into a patch of ice, but causes an avalanche in so doing, which he escapes, and leaves well enough alone until a mammoth foot stomps on him, along with herds of other animals, all of which are migrating south so as to escape the freezing winters brought on by the ice age . Among them are a surly mammoth named Manfred and a lazy ground sloth named Sid . Abandoned by his family, Sid attempts to migrate alone but runs afoul of two rhinos named Carl and Frank, who try to attack Sid but fail due to Manfred stepping in, only to leave Sid behind afterward. Sid stays with Manfred, referring to the mammoth as \u201cManny\u201d, for protection, much to Manny\u2019s dismay. [PAR] A tribe of humans camp near a waterfall, among them their leader, named Runar , with his wife Nadia and their infant son Roshan , before heading north to their settlement in the mountains. Soto , leader of a pack of saber-tooth tigers saber-tooth tiger , watches the humans with his trusted lieutenant, a cat named Diego . Soto, seeking revenge against the humans for wiping out half of his pack, intends to devour Runar\u2019s son Roshan in vengeance and plans an attack for the next morning. The attack takes place, with Diego pursuing Nadia, but she escapes with Roshan, jumping over the waterfalls so that Diego returns to Soto with no baby; the pack agrees to meet at Half Peak , where Diego will produce the baby for Soto. [PAR] Returning the Baby [PAR] \"I'll help you take it to its herd. But promise me you'll leave me alone after that.\" [PAR] \u2015Manny[src] [PAR] Manny and Sid journey on, Manny bothered by the sloth\u2019s constant talking, until the two find Nadia on a riverbank, weakened greatly by her jump over the falls, with hardly enough strength to pass her son to Manny before she disappears. Manny leaves, but Sid intends to return the baby to his \u201cherd\u201d, which Manny will not help with. The two meet Diego, who takes the baby, claiming that he intends to return him to the humans. Manny, unconvinced, decides to help Sid return the baby to his family, leaving the saber behind; the humans\u2019"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1975: Graham Hill killed in air crash BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1975: Graham Hill killed in air crash [PAR] 1975: Graham Hill killed in air crash [PAR] One of Britain's greatest motor racing drivers has been killed in a plane crash in south-east England. [PAR] Graham Hill, 46, who retired from the sport in July 1975, was killed instantly along with the four other occupants in his Piper Aztec - all members of the Embassy Hill team. [PAR] Hill was piloting the plane when he clipped a row of trees on Arkley golf course in Hertfordshire, just before 2200 GMT. [PAR] The two-times world champion was flying Embassy Hill manager Ray Brimble, fellow driver Tony Brise, and two mechanics from France to attend a party in London. [PAR] Arley Golf Club steward Ted Dickins said visibility had been very poor at the time of the accident. [PAR] 'Risk' [PAR] \"It was terrible - the ambulances couldn't even see the bunkers as they were driving down,\" he said. [PAR] Friend and Elstree Aero Club chairman Spencer Flack said the champion driver was taking a risk by trying to land in bad conditions but told reporters he was an experienced flier. [PAR] \"He was a skilful pilot who tried to get in and failed. [PAR] \"In those conditions it's just a matter of feet and seconds between life and death,\" he said. [PAR] Government accident investigation officials are sifting through the wreckage to try to establish the cause of the crash. [PAR] Hill is the only driver to have won the Triple Crown of the Indianapolis 500, the 24 hours of Le Mans and the Formula One World Championship. [PAR] He won the world title with BRM in 1962 and again in 1968, with Lotus. [PAR] Hill retired from Formula 1 mid-season so he could concentrate on coaching Brise, a promising new driver in his own fledgling team Embassy Hill.[DOC] [TLE] MotorSport | Lancaster Insurance Classic Motor Show MotorSport | Lancaster Insurance Classic Motor Show [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Graham Hill is unique in motor sport history. The British sporting icon is the only driver to have won racing\u2019s unofficial Triple Crown: the Monaco Grand Prix, which he won five times between 1963 and \u201969, the Indianapolis 500 in 1966 and the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1972. Hill won two Formula 1 World Championships, for BRM in 1962 and Lotus in \u201968, but lost his life when the plane he was flying crashed in thick fog on November 29 1975. Forty years after that tragedy, Motor Sport magazine celebrates his life and career with a special display on its stands at the NEC Classic Motor Show. [PAR] Socialise With Us"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lion King - Movies & TV on Google Play The Lion King - Movies & TV on Google Play [PAR] The Lion King [PAR] Item added to wishlist. [PAR] Item removed from wishlist. [PAR] You will receive an email when your movie becomes available. You will not be charged until it is released. [PAR] ( 467) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Simba flees to exile after he is led to believe he killed his father. Years later, he returns to face the usurper. [PAR] My review [PAR] 1 13 [PAR] Luke Zeches [PAR] BEST.MOVIE.EVER. 100000000000/10 DISNEY THIS MOVIE IS BETTER THAN FROZEN, HARRY POTTER, DIVERGENT, MISSION IMPOSSIBLE AND THE HUNGER GAMES COMBINED MULTIPLIED BY 1000000000000000!!!!!! But could it be a little cheaper\ud83d\ude22 I know it's the peak of Disney and the universe's animation, but if you make it cheaper people will buy it rather than watch it on YouTube. Just trying to be helpful\ud83d\ude0a [PAR] The lion king by far is the best Disney film ever made. True there are many other classics but the lion king is my favourite. From the beautiful music at the beginning to the final scene where good(Simba) beats bad(Scar). X [PAR] Joshua Stacey [PAR] Ranked #4 in my top 20 favourite Disney films list You got to admit it's one of the best Disney animated classics. My only problem would be the hidden dirty messages in the films. 9.5/10 [PAR] Laura Animalgirl [PAR] Love it! Great music, good storyline and likeable characters ( The warthog and meerkat are hilarious, Simbas dad, Mufasa is brilliantly played and even the bad lion Scar is kinda funny at the start) ... One of Disneys finest films. [PAR] Barry Newman [PAR] Why!! Growing up I liked to watch movies with a meaning or story behind it. this had no meaning or a good story but good animation this was not my cup of tea . disliked it [PAR] The songs are so catchy i cried when mufassa died [PAR] User reviews [PAR] Luke Zeches September 12, 2015 [PAR] BEST.MOVIE.EVER. 100000000000/10 DISNEY THIS MOVIE IS BETTER THAN FROZEN, HARRY POTTER, DIVERGENT, MISSION IMPOSSIBLE AND THE HUNGER GAMES COMBINED MULTIPLIED BY 1000000000000000!!!!!! But could it be a little cheaper\ud83d\ude22 I know it's the peak of Disney and the universe's animation, but if you make it cheaper people will buy it rather than watch it on YouTube. Just trying to be helpful\ud83d\ude0a [PAR] Full Review [PAR] November 1, 2016 [PAR] The lion king by far is the best Disney film ever made. True there are many other classics but the lion king is my favourite. From the beautiful music at the beginning to the final scene where good(Simba) beats bad(Scar). X [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Joshua Stacey November 15, 2015 [PAR] Ranked #4 in my top 20 favourite Disney films list You got to admit it's one of the best Disney animated classics. My only problem would be the hidden dirty messages in the films. 9.5/10 [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Laura Animalgirl February 6, 2015 [PAR] Love it! Great music, good storyline and likeable characters ( The warthog and meerkat are hilarious, Simbas dad, Mufasa is brilliantly played and even the bad lion Scar is kinda funny at the start) ... One of Disneys finest films. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Barry Newman March 28, 2015 [PAR] Why!! Growing up I liked to watch movies with a meaning or story behind it. this had no meaning or a good story but good animation this was not my cup of tea . disliked it [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Tracy Prendergast March 20,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] September 21, 1937: The Hobbit is published ... September 21, 1937: The Hobbit is published. ... : UNHISTORICAL [PAR] \uffeb about [PAR] September 21, 1937: The Hobbit is published. [PAR] J.R.R.Tolkien\u2019s classic children\u2019s novel turns 75 years old today. The book begins with the line \u201cIn a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit\u201d, a sentence which, according to Tolkien, came to him spontaneously while marking papers. The first edition dust jacket was designed by the author himself, who also provided the black and white illustrations. Since 1937, The Hobbit has been translated into over forty languages and sold tens of millions of copies. The initial print of 1,500 copies ran out in three months, and response was unanimously favorable. Tolkien\u2019s close friend and fellow fantasy author C.S. Lewis wrote in The Times Literary Supplement : \"Prediction is dangerous: but The Hobbit may well prove a classic.\u201c [PAR] Perhaps The Hobbit\u2019s greatest legacy was not the book itself but the sequel that was published seventeen years later - the far more complex first volume of The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring. Urged on by his publishers, who wished to make the most out of the smashing success that was The Hobbit, Tolkien worked on his sequel slowly and deliberately through the years of World War II and after. Both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings brought the popularity of fantasy literature to new heights and established Tolkien as the \"father\u201d of modern high fantasy. [PAR] The first film of Peter Jackson\u2019s new trilogy, based off The Hobbit, is set for release in December."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alberto Fujimori - Rise and Fall - University of Exeter Alberto Fujimori - Rise and Fall [PAR] El Sendero Luminoso and El Movimiento Revolucionario T\u00fapac Amaru [PAR] Peruvian Terrorism [PAR] When Fujimori become president in 1990 Peru was facing catastrophe. The economy was in the grip of hyperinflation but, even more seriously, in the countryside a bloody civil war was raging between the army and the guerrilla movement, el Sendero Luminoso or the Shining Path, which controlled about a third of the country. [PAR] Abimael Guzm\u00e1n, a philosophy lecturer in the University of San Crist\u00f3bal de Huamanga, in Ayacucho, founded the Shining Path in 1970 as a Maoist breakaway movement from the pro-Russian Peruvian Communist Party. Poverty and injustice made Ayacucho a fertile breeding ground for the movement which started a campaign armed insurrection in 1980. By the middle of the decade several thousand guerrillas were operating in rural areas and by late 80s urban terrorism was also a problem. [PAR] Sendero Luminoso was not the only terrorist movement. The other was the Movimiento Revolucionario T\u00fapac Amaru, generally known by its initials, MRTA, or as T\u00fapac Amaru which was the name of the last Inca ruler who was assassinated by the Spaniards in 1572. Almost two centuries later, Tupac Amaru's great-grandson, Jos\u00e9 Gabriel Condorcanqui, better known as Tupac Amaru II, led a new uprising against Spanish rule but his rebellion was crushed and he was captured and, after being tortured, was executed in the main plaza in Cusco in 1781. [PAR] The MRTA, which was smaller and less extreme than Sendero Luminoso, started its guerrilla campaign in 1984. In February 1989 the MRTA suffered a setback when its leader, Victor Polay, was captured but on July 8, 1990, less than three weeks before Fujimori became president, 47 MRTA members, including Polay, escaped from Canto Grande prison via a 332 metre tunnel. [PAR] [PAR] Che Guevara in Peru [PAR] In 1951-52 Che Guevara and his doctor friend Alberto Granado undertook a journey by motor bike from Argentina through Chile and Peru to Venezuela. It was in Peru that Guevara came in close contact with South America's Indian masses for the first time. In his diary he noted the words of a school teacher in Puno with whom he made friends. [PAR] \"The present system of education ... on the rare occasions it does offer indians an education, ... only fills them with shame and resentment, leaving them unable to help their fellow indians and at a tremendous disadvantage in a white society which is hostile to them and doesn't want to accept them.\" [PAR] \"The fate of these unhappy people is to vegetate in some obscure bureaucratic job and die hoping that, thanks to the miraculous power of the drop of Spanish blood in their veins, one or other of their children will somehow achieve the goal to which they aspire until the end of their days.\" [PAR] No doubt the experiences he gained on his epic motor bike trip played an important part in the formation of Che Guevara's political outlook. What he said about the native people of Peru could also be said of those in Bolivia where, 14 years later, Guevara tried to organise a revolution like the one he had helped Fidel Castro to lead in Cuba. However he was captured in 1967 and executed on the order of President Barrientos. [PAR] Despite the failure of his campaign Bolivia, Che Guevara's words and deeds were to inspire the MRTA in Peru. [PAR] [PAR] At first Fernando Bela\u00fande did not take the terrorist threat very seriously"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Book of Job - Job, the oldest book of the bible ... The Book of Job - Job, the oldest book of the bible. Everyday people look up to the heavens and ask, WHY? The Book of Job is very scientific and applies to life today. The book of Job is timeless.. [PAR] The Book Of Job [PAR] People look up to the heavens everyday and ask; \"WHY?\" [PAR] The Answer May Be Found In The Book Of Job. [PAR] The book of Job (probably) is the oldest book in the bible. The author is unknown! Some say Moses was the author but not very certain... it seems unlikely. Some say the Egyptians, some say the Sumerians. In any event, It is beautifully written and very scientific! This literary treasure asks questions and gives answers that have intrigued bible-thumpers for many moons. I am one of the greatest fans! I see the examples and lessons spring into \"the now\" every day. This book has done as much for my understanding as any book I have ever read. [PAR] The answer to my question and dilemma was answered through \"the book.\" I'll make it very short... [PAR] I had suffered \"happenings\" that denied laws of physics, laws of average, laws of common sense... as a matter of fact, when people watched the circumstances unfold, they couldn't believe it. Only a few knew about my situation but those few were amazed! Some were simply convinced, like Job's three friends, that I had become a \"loser\" and my sins against God must have been tremendous! It was true that I had lived a decade of sin... But... I had repented (stopped) and was seeking the reinstatement of my relationship with God and His spiritual family. The more I tried and the more I pleaded, through prayer... the more I was spanked! Even inanimate objects were energized against me! FACT! Tree limbs which fell, for no reason, other than to destroy me or my property... long story and that is not the purpose of this page. [PAR] I kept reading the Book of Job and each time I would learn something. This went on for years. Then one day, when I thought I could not go another day... HE TOLD ME TO GO TO THE BOOK OF JOB... I fussed, I cried out to Him that it was futile and I was tired of being sent to \"that book.\" After my tantrum, I went to the book and found the answer! The answer for which I had been looking for years, jumped right off the page and I knew! Finally! Since that day my spiritual road has been smoother. Still bumpy (enough) but I understood. I knew that God was in control! Believe it or not, it made a big difference. [PAR] Important note: The bible I used to find the one line that jumped from the page was in \"The Living Bible\" and does not read the same in the KJV. I find this to be very strange! In the KJV, the wording hides the lesson for me. I had already written a page on the different bible translations and how we should use a King James Version along side for study. This really helps me make the point! I would have never found it in the language used in the KJV but there it was... so obvious in the new translation! However, it does not change the fact that for study purposes we really need to confirm with the KJV. [PAR] I could tell you where the answer was,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Fish Phobia \u2013 Ichthyophobia Fear of Fish Phobia \u2013 Ichthyophobia [PAR] You are here: Home / Phobias / Fear of Fish Phobia \u2013 Ichthyophobia [PAR] Fear of Fish Phobia \u2013 Ichthyophobia [PAR] It is quite common to be afraid of sharks (Galeophobia), but many times, individuals are even afraid of small and seemingly harmless fish. Such an irrational or persistent fear of fish is called Ichthyophobia. The word originates from Greek \u201cichthys\u201d which means fish and phobos which means fear. [PAR] Many cultures, especially the Navajo tribes, are known to fear all kinds of aquatic animals, including fish. Thus the entire tribe is termed as \u201cIchthyophobic\u201d, however, in this case, the fear is not psychological as much as it is cultural or mythical. They believe that all aquatic beings are taboos and hence they refuse to touch or eat them or even dive deep into water bodies where they may encounter these creatures. [PAR] In case of fear of fish that originates due to psychological factors, the phobia can cause the individual to be afraid of dead or living fish. Such people tend to have a full blown panic attack even at the sight or thought of fish. This can negatively impact one\u2019s day to day life. [PAR] Causes of Ichthyophobia [PAR] As with all other specific phobias, Ichthyophobia also begins with a negative or traumatic episode involving fish, mainly in one\u2019s childhood. [PAR] As a child, the phobic might have been scared by pranks played by his/her siblings or friends who might have showed him a dead or wriggling fish. In one particular case, a phobic recalls being terrified by a chopped fish head placed on his bedding. [PAR] Children with superior imagination tend to believe that small fish are as large as \u2018Great White sharks\u2019. [PAR] Another phobic recalls having gone deep sea diving where he encountered a rather large fish that \u2018appeared suddenly out of nowhere\u2019. The individual recounts having \u2018forgotten to swim\u2019 momentarily [PAR] Fish are slimy and smelly creatures. People with anxiety disorders tend to believe that fish are responsible for many diseases/ illnesses or can lead to mercury poisoning etc. This is one of the common triggers of Ichthyophobia. [PAR] Certain varieties of fish jump out of water. A child (or an adult with nervous mindset or an overly anxious personality) is likely to be startled by such \u2018flying fish\u2019 while boating or swimming. [PAR] These seemingly scary episodes replay constantly in the individual\u2019s mind leading to lifelong phobia about these creatures. [PAR] Symptoms of fear of fish [PAR] Ichthyophobia has various psychological and physical symptoms just like other phobias. These include: [PAR] Screaming or crying after seeing a picture or image of fish or even simply thinking about them. [PAR] Feeling nauseated or throwing up [PAR] Passing out, feeling dizzy[DOC] [TLE] Fear of Fish \u2013 Ichthyophobia - Fear of Stuff Fear of Fish \u2013 Ichthyophobia - Fear of Stuff [PAR] Fear of Stuff [PAR] Comments [PAR] Many dads love to take their children fishing. Some consider this a rite of passage. It can be fun to sit on the bank or troll on a lake hoping to land something you\u2019ll have stories about for decades to come. Many people enjoy the experience, some endure it, but for a select few there is an incredible sense of fear about fish. When the phobia becomes irrational therapists refer to it as Ichthyophobia. [PAR] According to a chinese proverb\u2026\u201dGive a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rita Hayworth - Wikidata Rita Hayworth - Wikidata [PAR] Rita Hayworth [PAR] American director and film actress [PAR] Margarita Carmen Cansino [PAR] Cite this page [PAR] This page was last modified on 10 January 2017, at 14:34. [PAR] All structured data from the main and property namespace is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License ; text in the other namespaces is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (TV Series 1993\u20131998) - IMDb Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (TV Series 1993\u20131998) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Doctor Strange Confirmed to Appear in \u2018Thor: Ragnarok\u2019 [PAR] 7 hours ago [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The trials and adventures of a female doctor in a small wild west town. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Bolstered by the long-awaited arrival of the railroad, the citizens of Colorado Springs busily prepare for the biggest social event in the town's history, the wedding of Dr. Mike and Sully. The first... [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Robert E and Grace by a house in town. A leader of the KKK comes to town and causes trouble amongst the citizens. [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Brian's dog Pup gets bitten by a rabid raccoon. Then Matthew's fianc\u00e9e gives the dog water. She also gets bitten. [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] \"No Small Parts\" IMDb Exclusive: \"Westworld\" Star Thandie Newton [PAR] Actress Thandie Newton has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance as Maeve in the HBO's \" Westworld .\" What other significant parts has she played over the years? Visit IMDb's Golden Globes section for red-carpet photos, videos, and more. [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 03 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 03 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 05 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 images [PAR] created 01 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (1993\u20131998) [PAR] 6.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 15 wins & 43 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The fifth daughter of a wealthy Boston physician, Michaela Quinn defies the conventions of post-Civil War society by following in her father's footsteps. After his death, 'Dr. Mike' leaves Boston and moves to the frontier town of Colorado Springs, where she finds the citizens less than thrilled by the concept of a woman doctor. While she struggles to earn their trust, Mike's life is complicated by a growing relationship with mountain man Byron Sully, and the unexpected responsibility of raising three orphaned children. Written by Marg Baskin <marg@asd.raytheon.ca> [PAR] 1 January 1993 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Docteur Quinn, femme m\u00e9decin See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Jane Seymour, Joe Lando, Chad Allen and Shawn Toovey, in their DVD commentaries, all expressed interest in a future \"Dr. Quinn\" project. Only Allen declined to reprise his role in the two movies that continued the series after its cancellation. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Mr Bray's store doors change from having windows to solid wood and back to having windows. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Dr. Michaela 'Mike' Quinn : You can't close your heart and give up on people. When you shut down the door, no one can get in. [PAR] (United Kingdom) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Despite being such a simple series, It is probably one of the best for that reason. The 'EastEnders' of nowadays is becoming way too stereotypical and predictable that this masterpiece"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mississippi Bubble of 1718-1720 The Mississippi Bubble of 1718-1720 | [PAR] The Mississippi Bubble of 1718-1720 [PAR] By Jesse Colombo (This article was written on June 23rd, 2012) [PAR] The Mississippi Bubble was an economic bubble in France in the early 1700s that developed in parallel with Britain\u2019s disastrous South Sea Bubble . The mastermind behind the Mississippi Bubble was John Law, a Scottish financier, gambler and playboy who ascended into the upper echelons of French public finance through his friendship with the Duke of Orl\u00e9ans. Law became the French government\u2019s primary financial advisor and used this power to establish the Banque G\u00e9n\u00e9rale, a bank with the authority to issue \u201cpaper\u201d money, as well as the Mississippi Company (later called \"the Compagnie des Indes\"), which was granted a monopoly on the development of France\u2019s vast Mississippi Territory in North America. When investors started salivating over the supposedly immense bounty of resources in the Mississippi Territory, including gold and silver, they bid Compagnie des Indes shares up to astronomical heights. Unfortunately, the company\u2019s prospects turned out to be little more than empty promises and the shares crashed back down to earth, taking down France\u2019s stock market and public finances with it. [PAR] Events Leading Up to the Mississippi Bubble [PAR] The Mississippi Bubble saga began in 1715, when the French government was teetering on the verge of insolvency under the burden of debts incurred during the War of Spanish Succession. In time, the government defaulted on a portion of its debt, lowered its interest payments and raised taxes to very high levels, all of which served to depress the French economy and caused the value of its gold and silver-backed currency to fluctuate wildly. The French government, then led by a group of regents because King Louis XV was only five-years old, desperately scrambled to find a solution to the nation\u2019s fiscal and economic woes. The Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, the leader of the group of regents, soon decided to seek the council of his friend, John Law, who was an early theorist of monetary economics. [PAR] John Law hailed from Fife, Scotland, where he was born into an affluent family of bankers and goldsmiths. Law became his father\u2019s apprentice at age fourteen and studied the banking business until his father\u2019s death three years later. Soon after, Law travelled to London in pursuit of adventure and earned a living as a gambler thanks to his keen mathematical abilities. In London, the twenty-three year old Law became involved in a duel over a lady friend in which he swiftly killed his opponent and was charged with murder and sentenced to death. John Law spent a brief time in prison before he escaped to mainland Europe, where he studied high finance in cities such as Amsterdam, Venice and Genoa. In 1705, Law published an academic paper in which he argued against the use of precious-metal backed currency in favor of \u201cpaper\u201d or fiat currency, claiming that the use of fiat currency would stimulate commerce (Smant, 2001). Due to these distinct views, Law is often considered to be an early Keynesian-style economist. [PAR] When the desperate Duke of Orl\u00e9ans came looking to John Law for help, Law viewed it as an opportunity to put his monetary theory into action. In 1716, Law received the French government\u2019s permission to establish a national bank, the Banque G\u00e9n\u00e9rale, which took in deposits of gold and silver and issued \u201cpaper\u201d bank notes in return. The bank notes issued by Banque G\u00e9n\u00e9rale were not legal tender but were accepted as such by the French public because they"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2nd Largest Hammered Copper Statue - Roadside America Portland, OR - Portlandia - 2nd Largest Hammered Copper Statue [PAR] Results 1 to 3 of 3... [PAR] Visitor Tips and News About Portlandia - 2nd Largest Hammered Copper Statue [PAR] Reports and tips from RoadsideAmerica.com visitors and Roadside America mobile tipsters . Some tips may not be verified. Submit your own tip . [PAR] Portlandia: 2nd Largest Hammered Copper Statue [PAR] I had no idea how big and magnificent this was until I saw it in person. You might be able to get a better view from the second floor of the building across the street, but its escalators were closed, probably because we were there Saturday evening. [PAR] [Jeff V, 09/04/2016] [PAR] Typical weird Portland: it has a giant statue best seen by watching a TV show. [PAR] Portlandia - 2nd Largest Hammered Copper Statue [PAR] Sedate, statistic-based descriptions of Portlandia did not prepare me for the fact that she was frozen in the act of leaning down from her building to grab me right off the sidewalk! No kidding, I felt as if I was taking part in some re-enactment of \"Attack of the 50-foot Woman.\" [PAR] Oh, and they don't tell you that she is armed. With a gigantoid trident. True, it was pointed at the sky at the moment, but I was definitely inspired to stay on her good side. Perhaps she is just trying to get the attention of passersby in the hope they can arrange to get her a less tacky building to crouch upon. That monstrosity would make anyone desperate, even if they are 50 feet tall, armed and made of metal. [PAR] [Peg Boettcher, 06/02/2010] [PAR] Portlandia - 2nd Largest Hammered Copper Statue [PAR] Portlandia is based on a figure in Portland's city seal of a woman, dressed in classical clothes, who welcomes traders into the port of the city. The sculpture is on the third floor landing of the Portland Building. The sculpture is 36 feet tall but if Portlandia was magically to stand up, she would be over 50 feet tall. Portlandia is the second largest hammered copper statue in America (the largest is the Statue of Liberty). [PAR] Before being installed at the Portland Building, Portlandia was floated down the river on a barge and then transported through the city on a large truck. People lined up on the streets to see it. When it reached the building, the people crowded around the sculpture for a chance to touch it before it was installed out of reach. [PAR] Raymond Kaskey was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1943. He studied architecture and graduated from the Yale School of Architecture. He then became a professor and sculpted part-time. His earlier art was mostly abstract. His current art is figurative (depicting recognizable people and things). Kaskey now lives in Washington, DC, and is a full-time sculptor. [PAR] [sarah e. runcie, 06/21/2003]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Get a Blue Peter Badge : 14 Steps (with Pictures ) How to Get a Blue Peter Badge: 14 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] Deciding on a Color [PAR] 1 [PAR] Send the show something interesting for a blue badge. The blue badge is what the presenters on the show usually wear, and viewers get this color of badge by sending in an interesting letter, poem, picture, or story. This is the most common badge given out. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Contribute to the environment for a green badge. The green badge is Blue Peter's environmental award. Any viewer who achieves something extraordinary with an environmental theme get a green badge. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Compete for a badge for an orange badge. The orange badge is given to viewers who have been either a winner or runner up in any of Blue Peter's competitions. To win one of these badges, you will have to enter a Blue Peter competition. However, they only have competitions once or twice a year, so you will need to wait for the next scheduled competition. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Write a review for a purple badge. The purple badge is awarded to children a month who write a review of an edition of Blue Peter. This can include writing in with an idea for the program or writing your thoughts about an episode. [PAR] 5 [PAR] Be extraordinary for a gold badge. The gold badge is Blue Peter's highest award given for exceptional achievement. The achievement is up to the individual and has been given to people who have performed acts of extreme bravery, represent their country in a major event, or demonstrate any other unique and astounding accomplishment. These are very difficult to get. [PAR] Part 2 [PAR] Doing Something Extraordinary [PAR] 1 [PAR] Watch the show. This will help you get an idea of what kids and adults appearing on the show have accomplished. [PAR] Let your parents know you are trying to get a badge. This way, they will allow you to watch the show every time it comes on, and they may even have an idea for a project. [PAR] When you watch, keep your eyes and ears peeled for competitions you can enter. [PAR] Take notes on what the other kids have done, especially if they are near your age. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Create art. You could draw or paint a picture to send to Blue Peter. This will be more successful if you like art already and have artistic skills. Badges have been given out for a drawing of a clown, a soldier, and an endangered species, to name a few. [5] [PAR] If you\u2019re good at drawing or painting, pull out your art supplies and create a picture relevant to the show. [PAR] Draw something you really love, like your favorite animal, your favorite sport, or even your parents. [PAR] Practice every day. Drawing skills can be easily forgotten, so if you\u2019re not happy with your first picture, keep trying. [6] [PAR] Draw or paint imaginary creatures, tell a story with your drawings, or use unusual colors in your art. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Write a something creative. This depends on your personal preference because you can write Blue Peter a poem, short story, or even a personal letter. Badges have been given out for a letter about endangered parrots, an Easter-themed poem, and a banana cake recipe. [7] [PAR] Writing a good poem or story can take many different attempts. If you don\u2019t like the first thing you write, keep trying. [PAR] Write from the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jungfraujoch - Top of Europe - YouTube Jungfraujoch - Top of Europe - YouTube [PAR] Jungfraujoch - Top of Europe [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jan 23, 2015 [PAR] The Jungfraujoch - Top of Europe is the highlight of any Swiss holiday. The highest railway station in Europe is located 3,454 metres above sea level. The visitors gain access to a high-Alpine wonderland of ice, snow and rock, which they can admire from the viewing platforms on the Aletsch Glacier or in the Ice Palace. More information jungfrau.ch [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Jungfraujoch Top Of Europe: Swiss Alps Scenic Train Tour ... Jungfraujoch Top Of Europe: Swiss Alps Scenic Train Tour - Rail Europe [PAR] It\u2019s hard to imagine a more beautiful playground \u2013 perfect for everyone, than the one you\u2019ll find here. [PAR] A place so remarkable, it\u2019s always peak season. [PAR] You leave from Interlaken, Grindelwald or Wengen, in Switzerland, and start by taking a unique, moderncogwheel railway to Kleine Scheidegg, 6762 feet up. From there, the Jungfrau railway climbs to the Eiger Glacier station, well known for its mountain restaurant and polar dog kennels. Then continue through the Eiger tunnel, only stopping to enjoy spectacular vistas on the way to the highest railway station in Europe. The Jungfraujoch, over 11,000 feet up, and called the Top of Europe. Switzerland\u2019s most breathtaking scenery awaits. View a 13.6 mile ice stream, an Ice Palace, and views that will melt your heart. What do you call this once in a lifetime railway experience in Switzerland? The Jungfraujoch-Top of Europe from Rail Europe, just part of their offerings for Switzerland. But then, it only makes sense. Rail Europe always leaves you feeling on top of the world, no matter where you are. [PAR] Here\u2019s what\u2019s included: [PAR] Round trip travel to the Jungfraujoch - Top of Europe from Interlaken, Grindelwald or Wengen. [PAR] Scenic trip to Eiger Glacier Station and through the Eiger tunnel to the Eigerwand and Eismeer stations. [PAR] Sightseeing at the Great Aletsch Glacier, Ice Palace, Ice Gateway, Sphinx observation terrace, high alpine research exhibitions and more. [PAR] [PAR] Conditions: [PAR] Discounted rates are only valid with a rail pass that includes Switzerland, please refer to the type of rail pass you have when selecting your tickets. [PAR] All child rates are valid for children ages 6 -15. [PAR] Children under 6 are free. [PAR] Children traveling with a Swiss Family Card are free when they travel with a parent or guardian that is traveling with a Swiss Travel Pass. Where noted below, please indicate the number of children that are NOT covered by the Swiss Family Card. Note: these children will be required to purchase a ticket. [PAR] Train tickets and Swiss Transfer tickets are not valid for rail pass discounts. [PAR] Tickets are valid for six months from the date of purchase. [PAR] Prices are subject to change. [PAR] Seat Reservations between Kleine Scheidegg \u2013 Jungfraujoch are recommended for travel between (May and October) and are an additional fee. Reservations can be made at the following Jungfraujoch Rail Stations: Interlaken Ost, Lauterbrunnen, Grindelwald, Grindelwald-Grund, Murren and Wengen."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 100 Greatest Sci-Fi Movies - binscorner The 100 Greatest Sci-Fi Movies [PAR] The 100 Greatest Sci-Fi Movies [PAR] karma level 242973 [PAR] The 100 Greatest Sci-Fi Movies [PAR] The movies on this list are a good indicator of just how diverse the science fiction genre is. From the epic philosophical ideas of 2001: A Space Odyssey and Solaris to the joyful space opera of Star Wars and Flash Gordon, the films here are linked by their ability to explore time and space with imagination, flair and audacity. [PAR] This list is the result of heated debate/scuffles between the frazzled writers of Total Sci-Fi. In addition to settling on the titles themselves, we also had to set the limits of what counts as a \u2018sci-fi film\u2019: we decided that superhero movies were out as that\u2019s a distinct genre all of its own, but comedies like Sleeper and Galaxy Quest possess enough genuine science fiction concepts to warrant inclusion. So here, then, is our list of the 100 Greatest Sci-Fi Movies. And as always you can drop us a line at totalscifionline@titanemail.com to let us know what you think should have made the cut and what shouldn\u2019t\u2026 [PAR] 1) Blade Runner (1982) [PAR] Like many of the movies on this list, Blade Runner was not a critical or commercial success on its initial release. Some critics at the time simply dismissed it as style over substance. Yet, along with its unforgettable depiction of a neon-lit LA that is essentially a mash-up of Western and Eastern cultures, Ridley Scott\u2019s film is backed up by a real sense of sadness, fear and longing, and an often overlooked wry humour. As Deckard, Harrison Ford proved he could pull off a much darker hero than Han Solo, and Rutger Hauer gave the performance of his career as the psychotic, feral and ultimately tragic Roy Batty. A masterpiece. [PAR] 2) 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) [PAR] Stanley Kubrick\u2019s grand, mind-bending trip into the unknown is science fiction of grand ideas. At times the film is as enigmatic as the universe itself, and Kubrick works in everything from human evolution to the perils of technology, and unlike many later spectacle-driven genre films, there is a real depth behind the groundbreaking special effects. Complex, strangely unsettling and magnificent. [PAR] 3) Star Wars (1977) [PAR] Iconic, spectacular, groundbreaking, epic in both scope and ambition \u2013 if you haven\u2019t seen Star Wars then, well, you\u2019re probably not interested in reading a list about SF movies. While it might not convey the big science fiction ideas of other movies on this list, Star Wars works because it is pure, escapist fun and because it successfully builds a believable, cohesive galaxy that we are still exploring to this day. [PAR] 4) Alien (1979) [PAR] On paper the plot sounds simple stuff: the crew of a spaceship are stalked by a relentless monster. Yet this is anything but a simple movie. It\u2019s been much analysed by theorists for its portrayal of femininity (both in the strong heroine of Ripley and the film\u2019s sexual imagery), while all of the crew members are complex and believable creations. And, of course, it\u2019s incredibly frightening: the unveiling of Ash\u2019s true identity is almost as scary as the xenomorph itself. [PAR] 5) Metropolis (1927) [PAR] Over 80 years since it was originally released, Metropolis retains its power to awe. Fritz Lang creates a dazzling (and much-aped) vision of an industrial dystopia, but after its 1927 premiere the film only existed in a heavily edited version until it enjoyed a full reconstruction in 2002. [PAR] 6) The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Ivory Coast? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Ivory Coast? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Ivory Coast [PAR] The Capital City of Ivory Coast (officially named Republic of Cote d'Ivoire) is the city of Yamoussoukro. The population of Yamoussoukro (officially named The District of Yamoussoukro) in the year 2005 was 200,659. [PAR] Ivory Coast is a French speaking country on the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] Facts about Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - Maps of World Facts about Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) [PAR] Facts about Cote d'Ivoire [PAR] Facts about Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) [PAR] Know Facts about World Countries [PAR] Afghanistan Facts [PAR] The Republic of Cote d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country located in west Africa. The country is bordered by Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana. [PAR] What is the capital of Ivory Coast? [PAR] The Republic of Cote d'Ivoire has two official capitals. Yamoussoukro is the political and administrative capital of Ivory Coast while Abidjan serves as the economic capital of the country. Yamoussoukro is a district with an estimated population of 155,803. It is the fourth most populous city in the country. [PAR] What is the largest city in Ivory Coast? [PAR] Abidjan, the economic capital of Ivory Coast, is the largest city in the country. It covers an area of 981 square miles. Due to high level of industrialization, the city is considered the cultural hub of west Africa. Abidjan has the third-largest French-speaking population in the world. [PAR] How big is Ivory Coast? [PAR] Ivory Coast covers an area of 124,502 square miles. The country is mostly flat with undulating plains and mountains in the north-west. [PAR] What is the population of Ivory Coast? [PAR] According to the 2009 census, the estimated population of Ivory Coast is 20,617,068. Life expectancy is around 49 years. Birth rate on average is 4.5 children per woman. [PAR] What are the ethnic groups in Ivory Coast? [PAR] There are many ethnic groups in the Republic of Ivory Coast. The major ethnic groups in the country include Akan (42.1%), Voltaiques or Gur (17.6%), Northern Mandes (16.5%), Krous (11%), Southern Mandes (10%). The remaining population is constituted by the Lebanese and French. [PAR] What are the administrative divisions of Ivory Coast? [PAR] The Republc of Cote d'Ivoire is divided into nineteen regions that are further divided into eighty-one departments. [PAR] Who are the political leaders of Ivory Coast? [PAR] The government of Ivory Coast is a presidential republic. [PAR] President - Alassane Ouattara [PAR] Prime Minister - Guillaume Soro [PAR] What currency is used in Ivory Coast? [PAR] The west African CFA franc denoted by the ISO 4217 code XOF is the official currency of the Ivory Coast. The franc is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes. It is also the currency of seven other independent west African states: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. [PAR] What is the official language of Ivory Coast? [PAR] French is the official language of Ivory Coast. There are around sixty other native dialects that are widely spoken in the country. Dioula is the most widely spoken dialect. [PAR] What is the official religion of Ivory Coast? [PAR] Islam is the dominant religion in Ivory Coast with Sunni Muslims being the majority. Christianity is the second-largest religion in the country; Roman Catholicism is the largest denomination. A number of indigenous religions are also practiced in the country. [PAR] What is the economy of Ivory"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Topic Records: Three Score & Ten - A Voice to the People Three Score & Ten - A Voice to the People / a RootsWorld review of World Music [PAR] Topic Records: Three Score & Ten - A Voice to the People [PAR] 70 Years of the Oldest Independent Record Label in Great Britain [PAR] Book and 7-CD Set [PAR] Topic Records (www.topicrecords.co.uk) [PAR] Marking Topic Records\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd seventieth anniversary, Three Score & Ten is a gorgeous and loving tribute to the history of this remarkable independent English label. David Suff, artist and Fledg\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdling Records founder, has worked with Topic Records\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd guiding light Tony Engle to produce a hardbound, 108 page book on heavy, glossy paper. The text is accompanied by seven themed CDs, which fit snugly into the interior of the front- and backboards of the book. In addition, the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTopic Records Complete Catalogue 1939-2009\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd is included, presenting all of the Topic Records releases chronologically on vinyl, CD, and according to associated labels such as the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTopic World Series\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSpecial Delivery.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] \"The Man Who Watered The Worker's Beer\" [PAR] Three Score & Ten recounts the story of the Topic Records label, and the origins of Topic are particularly fascinating. Initially, the organization from which Topic would take root was the Workers\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Music Association (WMA), founded in 1936 as \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdan educational offshoot of the British Marxist Party.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (p. 5) The Workers\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Music Association was created to aid in the struggle against the fascism and totalitarianism that had arisen in the 1930s, and also to provide an outlet for workers to express themselves through music. From the beginning, intellectuals and artists joined together in this effort, under the organizing influence of the composer Alan Bush. In 1939, the first record released by the Workers\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Music Association was a 10\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 78rpm disc entitled \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Man Who Watered The Worker's Beer\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd attributed to Paddy Ryan, backed by a performance of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe Internationale.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd This record was issued under the Topic imprint as TRC1, indicating the \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTopic Record Club,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a subscription method of distribution for the music to be issued by the WMA. Both of these early recorded performances are available on Disc Six, a themed collection called \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdThe People\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Flag,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd of Three Score & Ten. The message is clear: from the beginning, what would become Topic Records was a label committed to social justice, and to the sounds of indigenous folk forms. [PAR] Interestingly enough, while the early Topic was also releasing licensed political and Soviet items as part of its educational project, the details as to why some of the early records were released have disappeared into time. But post-World War II, the influence of A. L. Lloyd and Ewan MacColl on the English folk song revival began to be felt. Topic Records\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd development was also aided by the addition of Bill Leader as production manager, who recorded Jack Elliot and Dominic Behan early on for the label. [PAR] The remainder of Three Score & Ten moves quickly as the folk revival gains steam, and readers are treated to a number of notable features. The photographic documentation of the book is beautifully done. There are fantastic pictures of Shirley Collins, June Tabor, Anne Briggs, The Watersons, and a whole plethora of other artists and revival luminaries throughout the text. Full-page profiles are provided for essential figures in Topic\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds history (e.g., A. L. Lloyd, Tony Engle), and full-page or double-page spreads are provided for essential releases on Topic Records (e.g., The Watersons\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Frost & Fire, Nic Jones\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Penguin Eggs). Gorgeous full-color images of Topic Records\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd releases adorn the pages, too, showing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] puffin crossing - definition of puffin crossing in English ... puffin crossing - definition of puffin crossing in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of puffin crossing in English: [PAR] puffin crossing [PAR] noun [PAR] (in the UK) a pedestrian crossing with traffic lights which go green again only when no more pedestrians are detected on the crossing by infrared detectors and mats. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018Mrs Allen said the school had a puffin crossing and a crossing patrol, but there had been no applicants to man a second patrol post.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The work to convert the zebra crossing into a puffin crossing is set to start in October and has received funding from Bradford Council's Highways Department.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018They claim that replacing the zebra crossings on both streets with light-controlled puffin crossings would be unsafe and harm the appearance of the area.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Mr Barton said the scheme would provide footpaths for pedestrians and cyclists with puffin crossings similar to those on the recently improved Manchester Road-Mayo Avenue roundabout.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018An application has been made to install a puffin crossing outside The Sun pub in Bradford Old Road and a mini roundabout at the road's junction with Cottingley Moor Road to ease heavy traffic.\u2019 [PAR] Origin [PAR] 1990s: puffin from p(edestrian) u(ser) f(riendly) in(telligent), respelled after the bird's name by analogy with pelican crossing. [PAR] Word of the Day [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] jagion [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] cougar [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] mulgara [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] puna [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] lion cat [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] Amur leopard [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] civet [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] forest cat [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] polecat [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] lox [PAR] You scored /10 practise again? [PAR] Retry [PAR] Most popular in the world [PAR] Australia[DOC] [TLE] Pedestrian crossing - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com Pedestrian crossing - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Sign in [PAR] Pedestrian crossing [PAR] Crossings are of various types. Unmarked crossings may occur at any intersection. In the US these are called \"unmarked crosswalks.\" The simplest marked crossings may just consist of some markings on the road surface. In the US these are known as \"marked crosswalks.\" In the UK these are often called Zebra crossings, referring to the alternate white and black stripes painted on the road surface. Depending on local laws, pedestrians crossing the road may or may not have priority over road traffic when using the crossing . If the pedestrian has priority, t ... (\u5c55\u5f00) hen they have an incentive to use the crossing instead of crossing the road at other places. In some countries, pedestrians may not have priority, but may be committing an offence if they cross the road elsewhere (see Jaywalking). Some crossings have special signals consisting of electric lamps or light-emitting diode (LED) panels. The signals allow pedestrians and road traffic to use the crossing alternately. On some traffic signals, pressing a button is required to trigger the signal. These signals may be integrated into a regular traffic light arrangement or may be on their own if the crossing is not at an intersection. In some"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kruger National Park, South Africa - Paradise in the World Kruger National Park, South Africa [PAR] Kruger National Park, South Africa [PAR] by WCC on June 6, 2012 [PAR] in Africa [PAR] The Kruger National Park (often English Kruger National Park ) is the largest game reserve in South Africa . It is located in the northeast of the country in the Lowveld in the provinces of Mpumalanga and Limpopo . It stretches from the Crocodile River in the south to the Limpopo , the border to Mozambique in the north. The north-south extent is about 350 km east-west direction, the park is on average 54 km wide and covers an area of approximately 20,000 km \u00b2 . He is one of the largest national parks in Africa . [PAR] Kruger National Park [PAR] The reserve was established on 26 March 1898 under President Paul Kruger as the Sabie Game Reserve established to protect the wilderness. 1926 received the status of the area National Park and was renamed to its present name. In the park live 147 species of mammals including the \u201d Big Five \u201c, as well as about 507 bird species and 114 reptile species , 49 fish species and 34 amphibian species . [PAR] The Kruger Park is 19 486 square kilometers, while one of the largest reserves in Africa, but in the dry season, the game has always been migrated to a large extent in the areas bordering the west of the park. In 1961 the west side completely fenced off and in 1975 was the same implemented on the east side, which prevented the migration of large animals in and out of the park. Today in the West are a number of private reserves, the Kruger National Park through the fences were often removed and the animals, at least within these protected areas, allowing unhindered movement across borders. In the north-east of the Kruger Park, the fences on the border with Mozambique were recently removed to wild movements and in the adjacent Limpopo National Park in Mozambique to provide. The goal is a large cross-border park named Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park . To allow tourists to move to Mozambique, were built between the park-new parts of border crossings, such as Giriyondo . In many parts of the park borders but still close to farmland. [PAR] Many big game resettlement in neighboring Limpopo National Park \u2013 including elephants, giraffes, zebras and buffalos \u2013 took place, and not all were successful. Parts of the relocated elephants herds are moved back to South Africa. It could take years to enhance the wildlife on the Mozambican side. [PAR] Kruger National Park Zebra"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Melbourne/Richmond - Wikitravel - The Free Travel Guide Richmond travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] 8 Contact [PAR] Richmond is a suburb lying to the east of Melbourne 's City Centre . The suburb is interesting because of its varied demographics, discount shopping, and cheap food and drink. [PAR] North Richmond, centered on Victoria Street, is also known as Little Saigon or Little Vietnam for its huge Vietnamese community, and its numerous Vietnamese restaurants, bakeries and Asian grocers. Increasingly, there are also restaurants offering food of other ethnic groups, such as Thai and Korean. [PAR] South Richmond is well known for its low price fashion - along Bridge Road - and other wholesale outlets, mostly found along Swan Street. [PAR] Get in[ edit ] [PAR] Lying just to the east of the City Center , Richmond can be easily accessed by tram, train and road. As far as public transport is concerned, Richmond lies within Zone 1 of Melbourne's two fare zone structure. See Melbourne | Get around section on explanation of the zone system and fares. [PAR] By tram[ edit ] [PAR] The easiest way to get to Richmond as all main roads in the suburb, namely Victoria, Bridge, Swan and Church are served by trams. [PAR] Victoria Street in North Richmond is served by trams 24 and 109. Tram 24 can be caught along La Trobe Street while tram 109 can be caught along Collins Street in the City Center. [PAR] Bridge Road is served by trams 48 and 75. Both can be caught along Flinders Street in the City Center. [PAR] Swan Street in the southern part of Richmond is served by tram 70 which can also be caught along Flinders Street in the City Center. [PAR] Church Street is the main north-south road in Richmond and is served by tram 78 and 79. Both trams start at the intersection between Victoria Street and Church Street in North Richmond and travel southwards along Church Street which then becomes Chapel Street, with tram 78 ending at Prahran and tram 79 continuing a little further to St Kilda . They do not go into the City Center. [PAR] By train[ edit ] [PAR] Trains may be faster but they do not bring you to the heart of Richmond, mostly skirting the western edge of the suburb. The exception is in the southern part of Richmond where trains on the Belgrave, Lilydale and Glen Waverly lines run parallel to Swan Street, which is served by Richmond (all trains stop here), East Richmond (which most trains skip) and Burnley stations (also skipped by many trains). North Richmond is served by North Richmond station which is accessed from Victoria Street, whereas Bridge Road can be reached from West Richmond station. While the stations are on both the Epping and Hurstbridge lines, only the Epping trains stop at both stations. [PAR] Do[ edit ][ add listing ] [PAR] Bridge Road, Richmond is most well known for its abundance of clothing factory outlets, which makes it a popular tourist attraction. There are also many stores of up-and-coming local fashion designers. [PAR] Watch a game of Australian Rules Football (AFL) in Winter between late March and September, or cricket in the Summer months at the MCG. The MCG is located in Yarra Park, between Richmond and East Melbourne. [PAR] Victoria Street in North Richmond contains a strip of Vietnamese restaurants and shops. [PAR] Caf\u00e9s[ edit ] [PAR] Rowena Parade Corner Store, 44 Rowena Parade. Located between Richmond Station and Bridge Road, this is a hidden away breakfast/lunch place, frequented by locals. It aims to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chin (anatomy) - definition of Chin (anatomy) by The Free ... Chin (anatomy) - definition of Chin (anatomy) by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Chin (anatomy) - definition of Chin (anatomy) by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Chin+(anatomy) [PAR] The central forward portion of the lower jaw. [PAR] v. chinned, chin\u00b7ning, chins [PAR] v.tr. [PAR] 1. To pull (oneself) up with the arms while grasping an overhead horizontal bar until the chin is level with or above the bar. [PAR] 2. Music To place (a violin) under the chin in preparation to play it. [PAR] v.intr. [PAR] 2. Informal To make idle conversation; chatter. [PAR] [Middle English, from Old English cin; see genu-2 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] chin\u2032less adj. [PAR] 1. (Anatomy) the protruding part of the lower jaw [PAR] 2. (Anatomy) the front part of the face below the lips. [PAR] 3. keep one's chin up to keep cheerful under difficult circumstances. Sometimes shortened to: chin up! [PAR] 4. take it on the chin informal to face squarely up to a defeat, adversity, etc [PAR] vb, chins, chinning or chinned [PAR] 5. (Gymnastics) gymnastics to raise one's chin to (a horizontal bar, etc) when hanging by the arms [PAR] 6. (tr) informal to punch or hit (someone) on the chin [PAR] [Old English cinn; related to Old Norse kinn, Old High German kinni, Latin gena cheek, Old Irish gin mouth, Sanskrit hanu] [PAR] chin [PAR] n., v. chinned, chin\u2022ning. n. [PAR] 1. the lower extremity of the face, below the mouth. [PAR] 2. the prominence of the lower jaw. [PAR] v.t. [PAR] 3. to grasp an overhead bar and pull (oneself) upward until the chin is above or level with the bar: done as an exercise. [PAR] 4. to raise or hold to the chin, as a violin. [PAR] v.i. [PAR] 5. Slang. to chatter. [PAR] Idioms: [PAR] 1. keep one's chin up, to maintain one's courage and optimism during a period of adversity. [PAR] 2. take it on the chin, Informal. [PAR] a. to be defeated thoroughly. [PAR] b. to endure punishment stoically. [PAR] [before 1000; Middle English; Old English cin(n), c. Old Saxon kinni, Old High German chinni, Old Norse kinn, Gothic kinnus cheek; akin to Latin gena, Greek g\u00e9nus chin, gn\u00e1thos jaw, Skt h\u00e1nus jaw] [PAR] chin\u2032less, adj. [PAR] (t\u0283\u026an) [PAR] n. [PAR] a dynasty in ancient China, 221\u2013206 B.C., marked by the emergence of a unified empire and the construction of much of the Great Wall of China. [PAR] Chin. [PAR] A chin like an infant\u2019s elbow \u2014Penelope Gilliatt [PAR] Chin like the butt end of a ham \u2014Ross Macdonald [PAR] (A small) chin like half a rubber ball \u2014Robert Campbell [PAR] Chin line \u2026 shaped like a persimmon \u2014Susan Minot [PAR] Her chin rising and falling upon her heaving bosom like the figurehead of a vessel upon a heavy harbor swell \u2014Arthur Train [PAR] Chin stood out like the knuckles in a clenched hand \u2014Max Apple [PAR] Chin was blue as if it had been shot full of gunpowder \u2014Joyce Cary [PAR] Jaw as rigid as a shovel \u2014John Yount [PAR] A jaw like a park bench \u2014Raymond Chandler [PAR] Jaw like the head of an ax slipped through at the last second like a curl of smoke \u2014R. Wright Campbell [PAR] A jaw like the share of a plow \u2014Sterling Hayden [PAR] Jawline like granite \u2014William Diehl [PAR] Jaw set like a rock \u2014Donald Seaman [PAR] (He popped a mint into his mouth and) snapped his jaws shut like a shark \u2014Harvey Swados [PAR] Their shaven jowls looked like the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Le Mesurier - Biography - IMDb John Le Mesurier - Biography - IMDb [PAR] John Le Mesurier [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (1) | Trivia (17) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] John Elton Le Mesurier Halliley [PAR] Height [PAR] 5' 9\" (1.75 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] The son of a solicitor, British character actor John Le Mesurier attended public school in Dorset, England, before embarking on a career in law. However, acting was his true calling, and at age 20, with his parents' approval, he began his acting career by studying drama at the Fay Compton School of Acting, where one of his classmates was Alec Guinness . After acting school he performed in repertory until World War II, when he served as a captain in the Northwest Indian Frontier. After the war he returned to the stage and made his film debut in Death in the Hand (1948). By the late 1950s Le Mesurier had made appearances in numerous films, especially those made by the Boulting Brothers, and also on television, particularly on Hancock's Half Hour (1956). In 1968 he landed arguably his most popular role, that of sgt. Wilson in the long-running television series Dad's Army (1968). Although preferring comedy, Le Mesurier also excelled in drama, winning a BAFTA award for Best Actor of the Year in 1971 for his performance in Dennis Potter 's \"Traitor (1971) (TV)\". In 1977, during \"Dad's Army\", he had become very ill, but he recovered and continued acting until his death six years later. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Lyn Hammond [PAR] Spouse (3) [PAR] vague and absent-minded, with a cultured voice [PAR] Trivia (17) [PAR] Two sons with actress Hattie Jacques : Robin Le Mesurier (born 22 March 1953) and Kim Le Mesurier (born 12 October 1956). Kim died of an accidental drugs overdose on 6 October 1991, exactly 11 years after his mother's death. [PAR] Asked his wife Joan to place in The Times the following announcement of his death: \"John Le Mesurier wishes it to be known that he conked out on November 15th. He sadly misses his family and friends.\" [PAR] Quoted as saying \"It's all been rather lovely\" before slipping into a final coma. [PAR] In her book, \"Dear John\", Joan Le Mesurier gives her husband's date of death as 16th November 1983. [PAR] Separated from his wife Joan Le Mesurier in the mid-1960s when she had an affair with their mutual friend Tony Hancock . John was understanding, and they began living together again after Hancock's death in 1968. [PAR] His autobiography \"A Jobbing Actor\" was released posthumously in 1984. [PAR] His surname was pronounced like \"measurer\" - the \"i\" was silent. [PAR] A memorial service for him took place at St Paul's, Covent Garden (commonly known as the Actors' Church) on 16 February 1984. [PAR] Best known for his role on Dad's Army, he went on to play Bilbo Baggins in the BBC Radio production of The Lord of the Rings, opposite Ian Holm and Bill Nighy . Holm went on to play Bilbo in Peter Jackson 's films, while Nighy appeared in the film version of Dad's Army. [PAR] Son of Charles Elton (1881-1964) and Amy Michelle Halliley (n\u00e9e Le Mesurier) (1878-1968). [PAR] Says in his autobiography that the original idea for Dads Army was for him to play Captain Mainwaring and for Arthur Lowe to be an NCO. He says 'I hate to think how we would have fared if we had followed that'. [PAR] Made a series"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Grimm 027: The Bremen Town Musicians Grimm 027: The Bremen Town Musicians [PAR] The Bremen Town Musicians [PAR] Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm [PAR] A man had a donkey, who for long years had untiringly carried sacks to the mill, but whose strength was now failing, so that he was becoming less and less able to work. Then his master thought that he would no longer feed him, but the donkey noticed that it was not a good wind that was blowing and ran away, setting forth on the road to Bremen, where he thought he could become a town musician. When he had gone a little way he found a hunting dog lying in the road, who was panting like one who had run himself tired. [PAR] \"Why are you panting so, Grab-Hold?\" asked the donkey. [PAR] \"Oh,\" said the dog, \"because I am old and am getting weaker every day and can no longer go hunting, my master wanted to kill me, so I ran off; but now how should I earn my bread?\" [PAR] \"Do you know what,\" said the donkey, \"I am going to Bremen and am going to become a town musician there. Come along and take up music too. I'll play the lute, and you can beat the drums.\" [PAR] The dog was satisfied with that, and they went further. It didn't take long, before they came to a cat sitting by the side of the road and making a face like three days of rainy weather. \"What has crossed you, old Beard-Licker?\" said the donkey. [PAR] \"Oh,\" answered the cat, \"who can be cheerful when his neck is at risk? I am getting on in years, and my teeth are getting dull, so I would rather sit behind the stove and purr than to chase around after mice. Therefore my mistress wanted to drown me, but I took off. Now good advice is scarce. Where should I go?\" [PAR] \"Come with us to Bremen. After all, you understand night music. You can become a town musician there.\" The cat agreed and went along. [PAR] Then the three refugees came to a farmyard, and the rooster of the house was sitting on the gate crying with all his might. [PAR] \"Your cries pierce one's marrow and bone,\" said the donkey. \"What are you up to?\" [PAR] \"I just prophesied good weather,\" said the rooster, \"because it is Our Dear Lady's Day, when she washes the Christ Child's shirts and wants to dry them; but because Sunday guests are coming tomorrow, the lady of the house has no mercy and told the cook that she wants to eat me tomorrow in the soup, so I am supposed to let them cut off my head this evening. Now I am going to cry at the top of my voice as long as I can.\" [PAR] \"Hey now, Red-Head,\" said the donkey, \"instead come away with us. We're going to Bremen. You can always find something better than death. You have a good voice, and when we make music together, it will be very pleasing.\" [PAR] The rooster was happy with the proposal, and all four went off together. However, they could not reach the city of Bremen in one day, and in the evening they came into a forest, where they would spend the night. The donkey and the dog lay down under a big tree, but the cat and the rooster took to the branches. The rooster flew right to the top, where it was safest for him. Before falling asleep he looked around"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] E. T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982) E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982) is the immensely popular magical fantasy movie myth. Its estimated budget of $10 million was easily recouped when it became one of the box-office champion films of all time. Steven Spielberg's very personal, heartwarming sci-fi masterpiece (with special effects produced by George Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic Company) was warmly accepted by film audiences for its portrayal of the love between a young, fatherless suburban boy and a lost, benevolent and homesick visitor (presumably an adult) from another planet who is mistakenly left stranded and orphaned on Earth - three million light years from home. [PAR] The film's bittersweet themes include discovery, rescue, and escape, much like the Peter Pan myth (included in the film). The John Alvin poster for the film with E.T.'s glowing, heavenly fingertip also presents a religious theme, recalling Michelangelo's 'Creation of Adam' painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. And the story of death and resurrection displayed parallels with the Biblical story. One of the film's earliest working titles was A Boy's Life. [PAR] Much of the film was deliberately shot from a lower camera angle - from a child's point-of-view to manipulatively encourage younger viewers to identify with the characters, to simulate how overwhelming and threatening adults look to children (from the waist or knees down), and to force adult viewers to relive their own childhood. It was also shot in sequence, so that E.T.'s departure scene at its conclusion would contain genuine emotion. [PAR] Spielberg was working simultaneously on these two suburban-based stories: E.T. (as director) and Poltergeist (1982) (as producer) - but while one was a fantasy story, the other was a nightmarish horror story. This story of a beloved alien creature was the flip-side opposite of a later Spielberg film, War of the Worlds (2005), with destructive alien invaders. [PAR] [Its twenty year anniversary in 2002 was celebrated with the film's restoration and re-release - a slightly longer version with additional scenes deleted out of the original (i.e., the bathtub scene), sound re-mastering and digital effects to enhance E.T.'s facial reactions, the spaceship, E.T.'s flight from faceless men through the forest, and the two bike-flight sequences. Guns used by the agents in the 1982 version were excised or digitally replaced with walkie-talkies, as was the line: \"No guns - they're children.\" A reference to a \"terrorist\" was also changed to the word \"hippie\". These modifications followed the trend of the times - to alter films slightly upon their re-release, as was also done with The Exorcist (1973) and The Exorcist: The Version You've Never Seen (2000), Apocalypse Now (1979) and Apocalypse Now Redux (2001), and Star Wars (1977) and Star Wars: The Special Edition (1997). However, the 30th anniversary Blue-ray edition of the film in 2012 undid the changes Spielberg made for its theatrical re-release 10 years earlier.] [PAR] Out of its nine Academy Awards nominations, it received four Oscars: Best Sound Effects Editing, Best Visual Effects, Best Score (John Williams), and Best Sound. The film lost in the categories of: Best Picture (it lost to Gandhi), Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, and Best Screenplay (Melissa Mathison, who was later married to star Harrison Ford - their scene in the film as the School Principal and Nurse was cut). This film, sometimes criticized as over-rated, was Spielberg's biggest blockbuster up to that time. It also popularized Reese's Pieces candy, Kuwahara bikes, and red hoodies. [PAR] While the film was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nokia Corporation - Company Profile, Information, Business ... Nokia Corporation - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Nokia Corporation [PAR] Nokia Corporation - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Nokia Corporation [PAR] Keilalahdentie 4 [PAR] Finland [PAR] Company Perspectives [PAR] By connecting people, we help fulfill a fundamental human need for social connections and contact. Nokia builds bridges between people--both when they are far apart and face-to-face--and also bridges the gap between people and the information they need. [PAR] History of Nokia Corporation [PAR] Nokia Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones, serving customers in 130 countries. Nokia is divided into four business groups: Mobile Phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions, and Networks. The Mobile Phones group markets wireless voice and data products in consumer and corporate markets. The Multimedia segment sells mobile gaming devices, home satellite systems, and cable television set-top boxes. The Enterprise Solutions group develops wireless systems for use in the corporate sector. Wireless switching and transmission equipment is sold through the company's Networks division. Nokia operates 15 manufacturing facilities in nine countries and maintains research and development facilities in 12 countries. [PAR] 19th-Century Origins [PAR] Originally a manufacturer of pulp and paper, Nokia was founded as Nokia Company in 1865 in a small town of the same name in central Finland. Nokia was a pioneer in the industry and introduced many new production methods to a country with only one major natural resource, its vast forests. As the industry became increasingly energy-intensive, the company even constructed its own power plants. But for many years, Nokia remained an important yet static firm in a relatively forgotten corner of northern Europe. Nokia shares were first listed on the Helsinki exchange in 1915. [PAR] The first major changes in Nokia occurred several years after World War II. Despite its proximity to the Soviet Union, Finland has always remained economically connected with Scandinavian and other Western countries, and as Finnish trade expanded Nokia became a leading exporter. [PAR] During the early 1960s Nokia began to diversify in an attempt to transform the company into a regional conglomerate with interests beyond Finnish borders. Unable to initiate strong internal growth, Nokia turned its attention to acquisitions. The government, however, hoping to rationalize two underperforming basic industries, favored Nokia's expansion within the country and encouraged its eventual merger with Finnish Rubber Works, which was founded in 1898, and Finnish Cable Works, which was formed in 1912, to form Nokia Corporation. When the amalgamation was completed in 1966, Nokia was involved in several new industries, including integrated cable operations, electronics, tires, and rubber footwear, and had made its first public share offering. [PAR] In 1967 Nokia set up a division to develop design and manufacturing capabilities in data processing, industrial automation, and communications systems. The division was later expanded and made into several divisions, which then concentrated on developing information systems, including personal computers and workstations, digital communications systems, and mobile phones. Nokia also gained a strong position in modems and automatic banking systems in Scandinavia. [PAR] Oil Crisis, Corporate Changes: 1970s [PAR] Nokia continued to operate in a stable but parochial manner until 1973, when it was affected in a unique way by the oil crisis. Years of political accommodation between Finland and the Soviet Union ensured Finnish neutrality in exchange for lucrative trade agreements with the Soviets, mainly Finnish lumber products and machinery in exchange for Soviet oil. By agreement, this trade was kept strictly in balance. But when world oil prices began to rise, the market price for Soviet oil rose with it."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo Number Nicknames - Ezdraw Bingo Number Nicknames [PAR] ezDraw via secure checkout [PAR] Transactions are secured with Thawte SSL and uses the Bank of New Zealand Buyline credit card system. [PAR] Just NZD $79 + GST Order your copy now, for immediate download [PAR] within 3 minutes. [PAR] [PAR] We now also accept Bitcoins during checkout. The exchange rate is converted at the time of purchase. [PAR] [PAR] Bingo Number Names [PAR] Bingo callers often use nicknames to call out numbers instead of the actual number in 90-Ball UK style Bingo/Housie, to spice up the game. Here is a list of all those bingo number names in numerical order: [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of Transformers planets - Neo Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia List of Transformers planets | Neo Encyclopedia Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] List of Transformers planets [PAR] This is a list of planets appearing in the fictional Transformers universe. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Akalo [PAR] Akalo (also known as Archa Nine) is the 9th planet in the Arca System. It is an organic forest planet that is populated by the Akalouthians (a technological primitive people). [PAR] Andellor [PAR] Andellor is a library planet for a highly-evolved society. [PAR] Antilla [PAR] Antilla is an ancient ringed planet which was the site of an early Autobot colonization effort. This colony was wiped out by the deadly plague known as Cosmic Rust as seen in The Transformers episode \"Cosmic Rust.\" [PAR] Antilla is also home to adorable creatures known as Antillan Bumble-Puppies. [PAR] Athenia [PAR] Athenia is a planet where the first Galactic Olympics take place in 2005. In 2011, it became another base of operations for the Autobots. [PAR] Beest [PAR] Beest is a distant planet that is inhabited by a race of anthropomorphic animals called Beastformers . There were few dissenters on this planet until the Decepticons arrived. [PAR] Bhul [PAR] Bhul is a planet that has at least four moons. It is home to the Stellar Cartography Archive. [PAR] Centaris Seven [PAR] Centaris Seven is a planet that contains plants that can secret a corrosive that is deadly to Cybertronians. [PAR] Ceti Alpha Seven [PAR] Ceti Alpha Seven is a planet that is filled with murky jungles and swamps. [PAR] Chaar [PAR] Chaar (in Japan, Jarr) appeared in The Transformers television series, debuting in The Five Faces of Darkness (Part 1) in season three. It is a small, burned-out husk of a planet located in distant space, easily mistaken for a smudge on a map. It apparently supported a civilization at one point, as abandoned structures are seen on the surface. The surface is desolate and lacks vegetation, but some native lifeforms exist, including an enormous spider . [PAR] Following Unicron \u2019s attack on Cybertron in 2005, the Autobots reclaimed Cybertron, and the surviving Decepticons (who were without their leader Galvatron at the time) were forced to withdraw to Chaar, where they struggled to eke out an existence, relying on the meager amounts of Energon that could be acquired from other worlds. Eventually, Cyclonus set out to find Galvatron but, in his absence, the Quintessons supplied the Decepticons with Energon in return for their assistance in launching an attack against the Autobots. With the return of Galvatron, the alliance was restructured, but the ensuing attack on Cybertron ended in failure, resulting in the Decepticons again returning to Chaar, which served as their base of operations for the remainder of the series. [PAR] After Earth and Cybertron, Chaar appeared in more episodes of the original television series than any other planet. [PAR] Chaar was also mentioned in Transformers: Cybertron , but as an asteroid belt, not a planet. [PAR] In Transformers Animated , Strika leads \"Team Chaar\" a team consisting of Spittor, Cyclonus, Oil Slick, and Blackout. [PAR] Cheynne [PAR] Cheynne is an arid desert world whose culture is similar to the Wild West of the late 19th century United States . [PAR] Combatron [PAR] Combatron is a planet that is devoid of life due to the ensuing conflict that happened on Combatron. It started out as a colony world that was led by King Atlas until a war erupted. [PAR] Cybertron [PAR] Main article: Cybertron [PAR] Cybertron is a fictional planet , the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lucian Freud death: Painter and brother Clement's feud ... Lucian Freud death: Painter and brother Clement's feud ends with champagne | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Lucian Freud, Britain\u2019s greatest figurative painter, was never reconciled with his late brother, raconteur and broadcaster Sir Clement Freud \u2014 they hadn\u2019t spoken to one another for more than 50 years when Clement died in 2009 \u2014 but there was a rapprochement between the artist and his elder brother, Stephen. [PAR] The two had a bitter falling out some years ago, but now 89-year-old Stephen\u2019s wife, Ann, has spoken of how they settled their differences. She tells me: \u2018They were not estranged when Lucian died. They had made it up.\u2019 [PAR] Feud: British painter Lucian Freud hadn't spoken to his broadcaster brother, Sir Clement, for 50 years before the latter died in 2009 [PAR] It was settled over a birthday celebration. \u2018Lucian sent one of his girlfriends round with a magnum of champagne \u2014 don\u2019t ask me which one, I can\u2019t remember their names. [PAR] \u2018The quarrel between them was over something trivial. Isn\u2019t that the way with families? It involved a small cheque, but I don\u2019t want to go into the details, other than to say it\u2019s all forgotten.\u2019 [PAR] Unlike Lucian and Sir Clement, Stephen was not a household name and ran an architectural ironmongers shop in Marylebone. \u2018Like his brothers he loved horseracing and his shop was next door to a bookie,\u2019 says Ann. [PAR] However, the brothers had difficulty keeping in touch in later years. [PAR] Explains Ann: \u2018The problem was Lucian didn\u2019t have a telephone for a long time and then Stephen became very deaf.\u2019 [PAR] Ann, Stephen Freud\u2019s second wife, says her husband\u2019s frailty will make it too difficult for him to attend Lucian\u2019s funeral at Highgate Cemetery today. [PAR] He does not expect to be named in the artist\u2019s will \u2014 estimates of his worth range between \u00a340 million and \u00a3125 million. But the couple do have a keepsake \u2014 a copy of a painting Lucian gave them. [PAR] \u2018We don\u2019t have the original \u2014 we sold it and used the money to pay for a conservatory,\u2019 says Ann. \u2018The problem was we couldn\u2019t afford to keep it. To get it insured, we\u2019d have had to turn the house into Fort Knox. [PAR] \u2018Lucian knew we were selling it and had a lovely copy made, which we still have.\u2019 [PAR] ******************* [PAR] Pinch of salt? Tamara Ecclestone's plans to open a fish and chip restaurant have been rejected [PAR] When Tamara Ecclestone bought her father Bernie\u2019s favourite Knightsbridge pub, the Swag And Tails, neighbours were quick to oppose her plans for expansion, saying an influx of late-night revellers would destroy the peace of the area. [PAR] Last September, Formula One boss Bernie added fuel to the fire by cheekily installing a neon fish and chips sign in the window that flashed until midnight every night. [PAR] He was eventually persuaded to take it down, but this week the boarded-up pub was sporting a new sign: \u2018Opening: Traditional fish and chips.\u2019 [PAR] Neighbours have described the plan as \u2018provocative and designed to wind people up\u2019. [PAR] Tamara, 27, paid \u00a31.7 million for the pub, just minutes from Harrods. But her plans to treble its capacity were rejected by Westminster City Council after residents protested. [PAR] Corporate investor Malcolm Atkins, 58, who lives opposite the pub, says: \u2018I think it\u2019s fair to say he [Ecclestone] is not only being provocative to residents but also cocking a snook at the local planning committee.\u2019 [PAR] Over to Bernie,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] White Christmas (song) - Christmas Specials Wiki - Wikia White Christmas (song) | Christmas Specials Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Publisher: [PAR] Irving Berlin Music Co. [PAR] \"White Christmas\" is a Christmas song written by Irving Berlin , reminiscing about an old-fashioned Christmas setting. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the version sung by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single of all time, with estimated sales in excess of 50 million copies worldwide. [PAR] Accounts vary as to when and where Berlin wrote the song. One story is that he wrote it in 1940, poolside at the Biltmore hotel in Phoenix, Arizona. He often stayed up all night writing \u2014 he told Norman Wisdom, who added to the lyrics and claimed co-authorship, \"Grab your pen and take down this song. I just wrote the best song I've ever written \u2014 heck, I just wrote the best song that anybody's ever written!\" [PAR] The first public performance of the song was also by Crosby, on his NBC radio show The Kraft Music Hall on Christmas Day, 1941 and the recording is not believed to have survived. He recorded it with the John Scott Trotter Orchestra and the Ken Darby Singers for Decca Records in just 18 minutes on May 29, 1942, and it was released on July 30 as part of an album of six 78-rpm songs from the film Holiday Inn . At first, Crosby did not see anything special about it. He just said \"I don't think we have any problems with that one, Irving.\" [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Bing Crosby version [PAR] The song initially performed poorly and was overshadowed by the film's first hit song: \"Be Careful, It's my Heart\". By the end of October 1942, however, it topped the \"Your Hit Parade\" chart. It remained in that position until well into the new year. (It has often been noted that the mix of melancholy \u2014 \"just like the ones I used to know\" \u2014 with comforting images of home \u2014 \"where the treetops glisten\" \u2014 resonated especially strongly with listeners during World War II. The Armed Forces Network was flooded with requests for the song.) [PAR] In 1942 alone, Crosby's recording spent eleven weeks on top of the Billboard charts. The original version also hit number one on the Harlem Hit Parade for three weeks, Crosby's first-ever appearance on the black-oriented chart. Re-released by Decca, the single returned to the #1 spot during the holiday seasons of 1945 and 1946 (on the chart dated January 4, 1947), thus becoming the only single with three separate runs at the top of the U.S. charts. The recording became a chart perennial, reappearing annually on the pop chart twenty separate times before Billboard Magazine created a distinct Christmas chart for seasonal releases. [PAR] Following its prominence in Holiday Inn, the ong won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In the film, Bing Crosby sang it as a duet with actress Marjorie Reynolds, though her voice was dubbed by Martha Mears. This now-familiar scene was not the moviemakers' initial plan; in the script as originally conceived, Reynolds, not Crosby, was to sing it. [PAR] The familiar version of the song most often heard today is not the one Crosby recorded in 1942. He was called to Decca studios on March 18, 1947, to re-record the track; the 1942 master had become damaged due to its frequent use. Efforts were made to exactly reproduce the original recording session, and Crosby was again backed by the Trotter Orchestra and the Darby Singers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | BBC TEAM | Rider's legends: Anita Lonsbrough BBC SPORT | BBC TEAM | Rider's legends: Anita Lonsbrough [PAR] Sunday, 17 September, 2000, 02:03 GMT 03:03 UK [PAR] Rider's legends: Anita Lonsbrough [PAR] A triumphant homecoming for Anita Lonsbrough [PAR] BBC Olympics presenter Steve Rider highlights some of the great Olympians from the pages of history. [PAR] The 1960 Olympics in Rome turned a teenager from Huddersfield into Britain's most famous woman swimmer of all time. [PAR] Anita Lonsbrough was one of only two British gold medallists that year and the manner in which she beat her great rival, the German Wiltrud Urselmann, in the 200 metres breaststroke was unforgettable. [PAR] Lonsbrough had won two gold medals at the 1958 Commonwealth Games so was hardly an unknown but she had lost her world record to Urselmann shortly before the Games. [PAR] On Lonsbrough's side was the fact she had usually triumphed when going head to head with the German. [PAR] The race did not disappoint as Urselmann set to break the field by going off fast. But Lonsbrough kept to her plan to close in on the third lap and overtake her rival on the last. [PAR] Perfection [PAR] The 19-year-old Yorkshire girl seemed to have timed the race to perfection as she moved into the gold medal position in the closing stages but Urselmann had a surprise in store as Lonsbrough recalled 40 years on. [PAR] Victory after a thrilling race [PAR] \"When we had met in the past Urselmann had always given up once I had overtaken her so I felt I had the race won,\" she said. [PAR] \"But with this being an Olympic Games she found something extra and started coming back at me. It makes me laugh when I hear the BBC commentator almost screaming me home but at the time I was a bit stressed by this unexpected comeback by Urselmann.\" [PAR] In a most exhilarating finish Lonsbrough just held off the challenge to touch in first and win gold for Britain in a world record time. [PAR] \"There was little time to dwell on it. When I came out the pool my time wasn't my own as I went round doing interview after interview,\" she remembers. \"Even when I stood on the podium I was thinking `I hope this isn't a dream and I am going to wake up.' [PAR] Anita Lonsbrough: Media work [PAR] \"But later I was able to enjoy the moment. The British Olympic Committee laid on a champagne reception and the rest of the team laid out red towels on the floor.\" [PAR] Local hero [PAR] She received a hero's welcome back home but in the days of true amateurism Lonsbrough was soon back at work as a local government officer. [PAR] \"They certainly kept my feet on the ground. After I did my first full week's work after getting back they carried me out of the office because they thought I must be tired.\" [PAR] Even when I stood on the podium I was thinking I hope this isn't a dream [PAR] Anita Lonsbrough [PAR] Lonsbrough returned to the Olympic scene four years later. She did not win another medal but in Tokyo she became the first woman to carry the flag for the British team - and she met her future husband. [PAR] Lonsbrough later moved to Wolverhampton where she taught swimming and embarked on her current career as a journalist. These days she is the swimming correspondent for the Daily Telegraph. [PAR] \"Olympic success did not bring riches but it opened a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Svengali - hypnotism Svengali [PAR] Svengali [PAR] Svengali:Unethical Stage Hypnosis in Literature and Life [PAR] The hypnotist can be erotically fascinated by the sight of his inanimate, plastic, unresisting subject. In this, hypnotists share a dream world with undertakers. - Robert Marks, p. 119 [PAR] An Englishman with a French name, George Du Maurier (1834-1896), wrote his last and most famous novel, Trilby, about hypnocontrol. It was the first \u201cbest seller.\u201d [PAR] Du Maurier got the idea for his tale of Svengali\u2019s cruel domination of his hapless hypnotic subject from viewing a demonstration of a subject\u2019s complete, amnesic dissociation in a hypnotist\u2019s office. In the late 19th century, both natural split personalities and artificial personality splitting (by suggested amnesia under hypnosis) were hot new items in psychological research.1 The young female whose hypnotic submission was demonstrated to Du Maurier was an unknowing, chronic, hypnotic subject, an artificially-split personality. [PAR] The novelist watched her be hypnotized, made to obey commands under trance, then awakened. He saw her obedience to posthypnotic commands and her rationalization of them as being freely willed choices. He observed her total unawareness of the previous trance state. He realized the tragic potential for abuse of such a long-term, unknowing, hypnotic subject. [PAR] Svengali and Trilby The novel, Trilby, published in 1894, contained some minor technical errors. Nevertheless, it introduced the basic, sordid facts of hypnotic exploitation to a mass readership. By the vehicle of fiction, it presented important facts about abusive hypnosis. DuMaurier\u2019s tale of poor Trilby stimulated a much needed public awareness, and discussion, of unethical hypnosis. What Svengali did to Trilby has never quite been forgotten, despite ceaseless efforts by the hypnosis lobby to discredit the basic facts. [PAR] In the novel, Svengali, a middle-aged, unsuccessful musician, captured Trilby by a disguised induction, then hypno-trained her into a split personality (and a brilliant singer). Thereafter, she kept her puppet master, Svengali, living in luxury, supported by her concert performances. She always sang in an amnesic trance. [PAR] He began Trilby\u2019s conditioning by persuading her to agree to a Mesmer-style induction by passes: [PAR] Svengali told her to sit down on the divan, and sat opposite to her, and bade her look him well in the white of the eyes. [PAR] \u201cRecartez-moi pien tans le planc tes yeaux.\u201d [PAR] Then he made little passes and counterpasses on her forehead and temples and down her cheek and neck. Soon her eyes closed and her face grew placid. (Du Maurier, p. 69) [PAR] In the novel, as with real-life subjects, Trilby did not understand how a seemingly harmless first submission to hypnosis can develop into a terrible longterm mind slavery. Svengali gradually transformed her from a proud, independent person into an obedient hypno-tool. Now she lived a cruel, secret life in addition to the \u201creal\u201d life that she consciously lived. [PAR] Conceited, derisive, and malicious, he alternately bullies and fawns in a harsh, croaking voice...Though Trilby is repelled at first by his greasy, dirty appearance and regards him as a spidery demon or incubus, she becomes completely his creature under his hypnosis....Gecko...[is] a young fiddler, small, swarthy, shabby, brown-eyed, and pock-marked; a nail-biter. Though he loves Trilby he helps Svengali train her...so that Svengali may exploit her.(Magill, Masterplots, p. 1158) [PAR] At the story\u2019s end, foul Svengali dies. Trilby dies a few hours after. (DuMaurier\u2019s presumption that a mind-controlled victim cannot survive without the puppet master is false.) The novel concludes with Gecko, Svengali\u2019s assistant, trying to explain to Trilby\u2019s grieving former friends what happened to her--and how a hypnotic split personality functions: [PAR] Gecko sat"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg \u2014 Je t'aime... moi non plus ... Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg \u2014 Je t'aime... moi non plus \u2014 Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm [PAR] erotic [PAR] \"Je t'aime\u2026 moi non plus\" (French for \"I love you\u2026 nor do I\") is a French duet written by Serge Gainsbourg. It was written for and sung with Brigitte Bardot in 1967, but that version was not released until 1986. In 1969, Gainsbourg recorded a version with his lover, Jane Birkin. It reached number one in the UK, but was banned in several countries due to its sexual content. The song has been covered by many different artists.[DOC] [TLE] Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg - Je t'aime moi non plus ... Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg - Je t'aime moi non plus - YouTube [PAR] Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg - Je t'aime moi non plus [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 27, 2008 [PAR] En 1969 \"Je t'aime moi non plus\" (Yo te amo, yo tampoco), una canci\u00f3n que tras una apariencia inofensiva, escond\u00eda un delicioso himno a la libertad sexual, lanz\u00f3 a la fama a una de las parejas m\u00e1s relevantes en la historia de la m\u00fasica, Serge Gainsbourg y Jane Birkin. El single, a\u00fan siendo condenado por la Iglesia y censurado en media Europa, vendi\u00f3 m\u00e1s de un mill\u00f3n de copias. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Five Grand Palaces of Seoul | Korean Language Blog The Five Grand Palaces of Seoul | Korean Language Blog [PAR] The Five Grand Palaces of Seoul Posted by sasha on Feb 24, 2015 in Uncategorized [PAR] The last kingdom in Korea was the Joseon Dynasty (\uc870\uc120\uc655\uc870), which lasted from 1392 all the way until 1910. Over the reign of Joseon, Seoul became the capital city and center of state affairs. Throughout the years, the kings had many grand palaces built here \u2013 five of them are currently open to the public. For those looking to explore the history and culture of Seoul, a tour of the Five Grand Palaces is a great way to spend a few days. Here\u2019s a rundown of all five for those planning a trip to Seoul: [PAR] Gyeongbokgung (\uacbd\ubcf5\uad81) [PAR] Gyeongbokgung from above. [PAR] This is the granddaddy of \u2019em all, so to speak \u2013 it was the first to be built and also the largest. King Taejo had this palace built in 1395 and gave it the name \u201cGyeongbokgung,\u201d meaning \u201cPalace Greatly Blessed by Heaven.\u201d This auspicious name didn\u2019t exactly work out, though, as the palace has been ransacked by the Japanese twice throughout the centuries. Restoration efforts began in 1990 and continue to this day, but so far they\u2019ve done an excellent job of bringing this former royal palace back to life. In addition to the historical architecture and beautiful gardens, you can check out The National Palace Museum of Korea and the National Folk Museum of Korea here. Also of interest is the changing guard ceremony that takes place outside of the main gate every hour from 10am-3pm featuring guards in traditional Joseon attire. For more on this palace specifically, check out our post from last month . [PAR] Changdeokgung (\ucc3d\ub355\uad81) [PAR] Image by Republic of Korea from www.flickr.com [PAR] The Joseon kings sure were clever with their names \u2013 this one means \u201cThe Palace of Prospering Virtue.\u201d Built in 1405, it was the second royal palace in Seoul and was actually home to the kings longer than any of the others. This is partly due to political strife within the kingdom, but also due to the fact that its construction was more harmonious with nature and it retained many traditional elements that the other palaces were missing. It too was destroyed and repaired on many occasions through the centuries, but even through so many reconstructions it has managed to retain much of its original design. This palace\u2019s most notable feature is its \u201csecret garden\u201d (\ube44\uc6d0), a beautiful place to escape from the hustle and bustle of the city. [PAR] Changgyeonggung (\ucc3d\uacbd\uad81) [PAR] Image by el_ave from www.flickr.com [PAR] The \u201cPalace of Flourishing Gladness\u201d (there they go again with the awesome names) was built in 1483 by King Sejong for his retiring father, King Taejong. It was renovated and enlarged by a later king, and the name was changed from Suganggung to the current Changgyeonggung. During Japanese colonial rule, the temple grounds were turned into a zoo and botanical garden to undermine its royal status. Those have since been removed and the royal splendor of this former palace has been restored. As they\u2019re only separated by one wall, it\u2019s very easy to visit Changgyeong in conjunction with Changdeok. If visiting, make sure you don\u2019t miss the two lovely ponds in the rear of the palace grounds. [PAR] Deoksugung (\ub355\uc218\uad81) [PAR] Image by travel oriented from www.flickr.com [PAR] There\u2019s an interesting story behind Deoksugubng \u2013 it wasn\u2019t a palace at all to begin with. After the Japanese invasion in 1592,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vijay - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Vijay | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Vijay is one of Bond's allies from the 1983 film Octopussy and was played by professional tennis player Vijay Amritraj . [PAR] Film biography [PAR] An agent in I division, Vijay, playing a flute to an asp, sees Bond come to port and plays the 'Bond' theme with his flute to get his attention. [PAR] After getting rid of the asp, stating he hates sankes, he takes Bond to the head of I division. [PAR] He helps James escape from Kamal 's men after winning a game with him and helps hit a henchman with a tennis racket. After losing them, they make their way to Q Branch in India and after looking at the gadgets and a little snickering when Bond played with a camera, he offers to give Q a hand and he accepts. [PAR] While James was on Octopussy 's Island, Vijay takes over for Q, who was first observing the island. [PAR] Later, he is attacked by some hitmen and was slashed at with a yo-yo saw. Vijay managed to live long enough to tell Q, Kamal's men attacked him before Vijay dies from his wounds. [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] Vijay was played by Vijay Amritraj, who was a professional tennis player. His character not only shares the same first name, but he is also the tennis pro at Kamal Khan's club, and he uses his tennis racket as a weapon during the auto rickshaw chase (accompanied by the sound of a tennis ball being hit and scenes of onlookers turning their heads left and right as if they are watching a tennis match). [PAR] Like his fictional counterpart, the real Vijay had a distinct fear of snakes and found it difficult to hold the snake basket during filming."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Everything You Need to Know About Sparks Everything You Need to Know About Sparks [PAR] Everything You Need to Know About Sparks [PAR] By Dave Swanson March 30, 2015 1:31 PM [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] allsparks.com [PAR] We take a look at one of the most enduring, distinct and incredible musical entities to ever roam the Earth in With Everything You Need to Know About Sparks. Though they never had any major hits in the U.S., their presence has long been felt in corners big and small. The core duo of brothers Ron and Russell Mael have been at it since the late \u201960s, making music that has always been out of step with the conventional idea of rock and roll. Their music can recall the past as it plunges you deep into the future. Not bad for a couple of misfits from Los Angeles. [PAR] Overview [PAR] [PAR] YEARS OF OPERATION: 1969 \u2013 Present [PAR] ORIGINAL LINEUP: Ron Mael \u2013 keyboards / Russell Mael \u2013 vocals / Earle Mankey \u2013 guitar / Jim Mankey \u2013 bass / Harley Feinstein \u2013 drums [PAR] CLASSIC LINEUP (1974-75): Ron Mael \u2013 keyboards / Russell Mael \u2013 vocals. With all due respect to the many musicians who have helped stir the pot, there was never one \u201cclassic\u201d lineup. Guitarists Adrian Fisher and Trevor White, along with drummer Dinky Diamond and bassists Martin Gordon and Ian Hampton, all played a significant part in the sound and style of what many would call the \u201cclassic\u201d years, 1974-5. During that era they released the three albums that their legacy was built on, but there was never one constant lineup aside from Ron and Russell. [PAR] KEY DISCOGRAPHY: Halfnelson (1971) / Kimono My House (1974) / Propaganda (1974) / Indiscreet (1975) / No. 1 In Heaven (1979) / Angst in My Pants (1982) / Lil\u2019 Beethoven (2002) / Exotic Creatures of the Deep (2008) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Growing up in Los Angeles in the \u201960s, brothers Ron and Russell Mael were obsessed with rock and roll and pop culture. In 1968 the pair, both in their early 20s, decided to form a band. They chose the unlikely moniker of Halfnelson. This new band had a sound and style as unique as their name. With Ron doing the bulk of the writing, the influences of everything from the Who and the Move to Broadway and classical music came shining through. They recorded a demo of 12 songs that led them to sign with the fledgling Bearsville label. With the swap of a couple members, they set about to record their first proper album. [PAR] Todd Rundgren served as producer on Halfnelson\u2019s self-titled debut which went nowhere. It was suggested that the problem was their name. The label thought they should be called the Sparks Brothers. They took that idea under advisement, dropped the Brothers part and became simply, Sparks. Their debut was repackaged and re-released and sold roughly the same, though the single \u201cWonder Girl\u201d did get airplay in Los Angeles. A second album followed causing even more subdued enthusiasm. [PAR] At this point Ron and Russell packed their bags and moved to England. Hooking up with producer Muff Winwood, they were signed to Island Records and formed a new version of the band with British players. The change was just what was needed. From 1974 through 1975, Sparks released the three key albums that most fans still consider a holy trinity of sorts. The single \u201cThis Town Ain\u2019t Big Enough for Both of Us\u201d was released in 1974 and shot to No. 2 on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Primary History - Famous People - Queen Elizabeth II BBC - Primary History - Famous People - Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Her Majesty the Queen [PAR] Elizabeth II [PAR] Elizabeth II became queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1952. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603. Through her parents and grandparents, Elizabeth II can trace her ancestors back long before Elizabeth I! [PAR] When did Elizabeth II become Queen? [PAR] Queen Elizabeth's father was King George VI. When he died in February 1952 Elizabeth became Queen. Her coronation was on 2 June 1953. [PAR] Why is the Queen so famous? [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II is one of the most famous women in the world. She has visited many countries and met many world leaders. She has probably travelled more miles than any king or queen in history. [PAR] 2012 marks her 60th year as Queen. Only Queen Victoria has had a longer reign (63 years 216 days). [PAR] The Queen's family [PAR] Her parents [PAR] The Queen's father was Albert, Duke of York. He was the second son of King George V, and Albert changed his name to George when he became King in 1936. In 1923 he married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Her family owned an ancient castle in Scotland called Glamis, which is famous for its ghosts. [PAR] Princess Elizabeth was the Yorks' first baby. She was born on 21 April 1926, at 17 Bruton Street, in London. Her full name is Elizabeth Alexandra Mary. Her family name is Windsor. [PAR] Family life [PAR] The Duke of York enjoyed being in the Royal Navy. But he was shy. A stammer made public speaking (part of his royal job) a challenge. Helped by his wife, he worked hard to overcome the stammer. [PAR] Princess Elizabeth's parents missed her first birthday. They were away for six months on an official visit to the West Indies, Australia and New Zealand. In the 1920s, royal trips could take a long time. This was before jet planes. [PAR] Early life [PAR] A pony, a sister and lessons [PAR] In 1929 Princess Elizabeth was given a pony for her 3rd birthday. So began a lifelong love of horses. [PAR] In 1930 she gained a baby sister, Princess Margaret Rose. The two Princesses did not go to school. They had a governess , Marion Crawford ('Crawfie'). Other teachers came to their home to give lessons. [PAR] Growing up at home [PAR] Although the Princesses did not go to school, they had a number of friends of their own age and belonged to a special group of Girl Guides called '1st Buckingham Palace Company'. At home, the Princesses enjoyed stories and games with their parents. They liked playing the piano and dressing up for plays. They listened to the radio for entertainment (this was before TV). [PAR] Elizabeth's family often called her 'Lilibet'. Sometimes their grandfather the King came to play. He crawled around the floor with the children on his back. [PAR] The young princess [PAR] Changes [PAR] In January 1936 King George V died. Elizabeth's uncle, the Prince of Wales, became King Edward VIII. But he was never crowned. He abdicated and married an American, Mrs Wallis Simpson. [PAR] Elizabeth's father now became King George VI. It was a shock for the family. Suddenly Elizabeth realised she might one day be Queen. [PAR] Royal family at war [PAR] On 12 May 1937 George VI was crowned in Westminster Abbey. The two princesses wore robes and coronets"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Poland Poland [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Poland [PAR] LOT Polish Airlines [PAR] Polish Flag: Colors [PAR] The national colors are white and red in two horizontal parallel strips of equal width and length, the upper strip being white and the lower red. Both strips linked together make up the national flag whose length-to-width ratio is 8:3. [PAR] The Polish flag dates back to the mediaeval pennants. At first it was all red with a white eagle. Such a flag, or rather a banner, was at the side of King Wladyslaw Jagiello during the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. The red and white colors appeared together as late as the 17th century. The banner of Zygmunt III Vasa (d. 1632) consisted of three strips: the upper and the bottom ones being red, and the one in the middle - white. The banners of Wladyslaw IV (d. 1648) and Jan Casimir (d. 1668) were made up of four strips - the upper and the third from top being red and the second from top and the bottom one being white. The banners bore the official crest of the State. [PAR] During the reign of August II (d. 1706), white ribbons were introduced in the army (according to the Saxon pattern) as the signs of prime national color. They were attached to the left side of the headgear with ornamental pins. During the Four-Year Sejm (1788-1792) first red-and-white ribbons appeared. [PAR] The Sejm formally introduces Polish national colors during the November Uprising, on February 7, 1831. The colors were white and red, and were used in the national uprisings of the 19th century is the form of white-and-red ribbons. They were officially recognized as state colours in 1919 after Poland had regained her independence. [PAR] Dov Gutterman, 21 Feb 1999 [PAR] I thought that Polish flag ratio is 5:8 (or 8:5 according to above definition of the ratio)? [PAR] \u017deljko Heimer, 24 Feb 1999 [PAR] \"The Polish national flag is built up from 2 horizontal belts: red (amarant) below and white above. These colors are connected with the color of the White Eagle used on the red crest. The upper belt is the color of the Eagle, and the lower - the color of crest. The right proportions of the flag are 5:8 (height:width). The process whereby those colors became the national flag was quite complicated and gradual. For example, some medieval rule said, that if the White Eagle is put on the red crest, then the colors of flag are optional. Nevertheless, red-white colors occurred on the national flags from XVII-XIX cent. very often, but the location of colors was unstable. Sometimes it was red above and white below. This situation was resolved on 1 August 1919. Since that time the flag has been not changed except for the White Eagle. The communists took off the crown from the Eagle. It returned in 1989.\" [PAR] Source: \"Encyclopaedia of Poland\" by Wydawnictwo Kluszczynski, Krakow, 1996 (my translation) [PAR] Mariusz Kedzierski, 24 May 2000 [PAR] The white over red derives from heraldics: Argent and Gules are the respective colours of the Polish eagle and of its the field. [PAR] Pierre Gay, 13 Oct 1998 [PAR] Yes, it is. Moreover, there are some (unnecessary) non-heraldic explanations: traditionally, a white eagle flying over red (rising?) sun, or, during the communist era, white would have stood for peace while red for socialism. But, in general, a flag derived from COA according to heraldic rules needs no further 'explanation'. [PAR] Jan Zrzavy, 13 Oct 1998 [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] wedding Monaco Albert and Charlene 2011 on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about wedding Monaco Albert and Charlene 2011 on Pinterest | Prince albert, Monaco and Princess charlene [PAR] Learn more at gettyimages.co.uk [PAR] A view of a kiosk selling offical stamps for the wedding during preparations ahead of the Royal Wedding of Prince Albert II of Monaco to Charlene Wittstock on June 30, 2011 in Monaco. The civil ceremony will take place in the Throne Room of the Prince's Palace of Monaco on July 1, followed by a religious ceremony to be conducted in the main courtyard of the Palace on July 2. With her marriage to the head of state of Principality of Monaco, Charlene Wittstock will become Princess consort of\u2026 [PAR] More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Erich Segal obituary | Books | The Guardian Erich Segal obituary | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Erich Segal obituary [PAR] Classics scholar whose multi-faceted career was dominated by his 1970 novel Love Story [PAR] Erich Segal in 1980. He wrote Love Story when he was 32 and it changed his life. Photograph: Maja Langsdorff/AP [PAR] Tuesday 19 January 2010 13.08 EST [PAR] First published on Tuesday 19 January 2010 13.08 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The American writer Erich Segal, who has died of a heart attack aged 72, will be best, and most misleadingly, remembered as the author of Love Story (1970). The success he earned from his first novel and its Hollywood film adaptation would be accolade enough for most authors. But while it made him rich, the skewed fame that it brought him shouldered aside a litany of other accomplishments: as classics scholar and teacher, literary critic and sports commentator, essayist and scriptwriter, historian and practitioner of comedy. [PAR] When Erich wrote the book that changed his life, he was 32. He was a classics professor at Yale University, having earned his master's and PhD from Harvard four years earlier. He left Harvard as class poet and \"Latin salutary orator\", a twin honour equalled only by one other student, TS Eliot. In his academic career, Erich taught Latin and Greek literature not only at Yale, but at Harvard and Princeton and, upon moving to London with his British wife in the 1980s, at Wolfson College, Oxford. [PAR] But he had always wanted to write. At Harvard, he co-authored the annual Hasty Pudding theatrical production. Alongside his teaching, he had notched up several Hollywood screenwriting credits, including on the Beatles' Yellow Submarine (1968) \u2013 where the imprint of the rabbi's son was particularly evident in his mischievously inserted line: \"Funny, you don't look blue-ish\". The Fab Four didn't get it. But Erich insisted: \"Trust me, they'll laugh.\" And they did. [PAR] He wrote Love Story over his Christmas break in 1969. By the end of the following year, his bestselling book and box-office-topping film about love and bereavement had made him a celebrity. Its most famous line, \"love means never having to say you're sorry\", instantly entered popular culture. He not only became a regular on TV chatshows but, as an accomplished marathon runner and all-round sports fan, was enlisted by the ABC network to join its commentary team for a string of Olympic Games. [PAR] He went on to write more than half a dozen other novels. All were as deftly woven around love stories as the first. But all dealt with other themes, too: class and family, academic infighting and, inevitably, religion.ne [PAR] Erich was not only the son of a prominent New York rabbi. He was the grandson of an august rabbinical figure from Vilnius, a city so steeped in religious tradition and disputation that it was known as the \"Jerusalem\" of Lithuania. Erich was born in Brooklyn. He attended a Jewish religious school, or yeshiva. His father had always hoped, and no doubt expected, that Erich would become a rabbi. But when he was a teenager, they came to a deal. He would be allowed to attend the excellent local state school, as long as he agreed to spend evenings studying the Bible at the city's Jewish Theological Seminary. [PAR] His father was a Conservative rabbi, part of a religious movement that combined emphasis on Jewish learning and tradition, and a wider engagement with modern society and culture than in Orthodox Judaism. Erich, whose mastery of Hebrew equalled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Countries With The Most Miss World Winners - TheRichest stumbleupon [PAR] Email [PAR] Comment [PAR] Miss World is the oldest of the Big Four international beauty pageants, along with Miss Universe, Miss International and Miss Earth. Although Miss Universe has become arguably the grandest of the competitions (thanks to the influence of Donald Trump ), it is something of a misnomer, as there never seem to be any red-faced Martians, lithe-figured Mandalorians or genocide-inclined Klingons taking part. [PAR] Miss Earth has only been going since 2001 and features more environmental awareness than its three rivals. Miss International was founded in 1960 and has been dominated by the same country that heads this particular list. In case you were wondering, there is also a Miss Globe, Miss Model of the World and Miss Supranational to keep beauty queens busy all year round. There are even \u201cMrs.\u201d versions of Miss World and Miss Universe aimed at married women. [PAR] \u201cBeauty with a Purpose\u201d is the motto of the Miss World organization. The organization, founded in 1951 by British entertainment guru Eric Morley, faced challenges in its history as it was labeled misogynistic, chauvinistic and anachronistic. Organizers stressed the charity operations of Miss World, raising millions worldwide whilst sending the reigning Miss World to locations around the globe to bring a smile (and the press) to areas that were suffering from deprivation. [PAR] Regardless of whether you approve or disapprove, beauty pageants are big business and wildly popular. The 1979 Miss World competition was watched by over 500 million people, and for those who figured it was an event suffering from apathy and dying interest, the 2012 event was broadcast to over a billion viewers. Even the epitome of empowered influential women, Oprah Winfrey , was a beauty queen in her youth. She won the 1971 Miss Black Tennessee contest at the tender age of 17. [PAR] This list is ordered by the number of individual winners a country has produced, with ties being broken by the amount of second places (tactfully rendered as first runner-up by Miss World organizers) and then third places (second runner-up) as necessary. Special mentions go to: France, who only won once (in 1953) but have had three first runners-up and two second runners-up; Israel, who also won once (in 1998) but had one first runner-up and an impressive six second runners-up; and Colombia, who surprisingly have never won but have come close with four first runners-up and one second runner-up. [PAR] So let the beauty parade commence: [PAR] 10. Argentina: 2 winners and 2 first runners-up [PAR] Latin America is renowned for being a production line of beauty queens. Peru and Brazil have also had winners in Miss World, but Argentina enjoys second place (or first runner-up) from among the South American nations. The country\u2019s first win was in 1960 when Norma Cappagli claimed her prize of a crown and a sports car. In 1978 it was Silvana Su\u00e1rez\u2019s turn to remind everyone that Argentina could produce world-class beauties as well as world-class footballers. [PAR] 9. Australia: 2 winners, 2 first runners-up and 4 second runners-up [PAR] Australia has been much more successful at Miss World than its close neighbor New Zealand (which has had 2 first runners-up, though). The abundant beaches, surfing, sunny climates and constant running from the cornucopia of giant insects clearly have a positive effect on Australian beauty queens. A first victory came about in 1968 thanks to a librarian called Penelope Plummer and a second win followed shortly afterwards, when Belinda Green won in 1972. [PAR] 8. South Africa:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New Orleans History: Opera Through Time, Floods, and Fire ... New Orleans History: Opera Through Time, Floods, and Fire - GoNOLA.com [PAR] GoNOLA.com [PAR] No, thanks [PAR] Get the LOCAL Perspective! [PAR] Find hidden gems and get insider information on NOLA\u2019s best restaurants, bars, attractions, and events every week. [PAR] Go [PAR] Arts & Culture [PAR] New Orleans History: Opera Through Time, Floods, and Fire [PAR] Opera has a deep rooted history in New Orleans, tracing all the way back to the 1790s, making its way through several different theaters and thriving today. [PAR] By Edward Branley @NOLAHistoryGuy [PAR] July 1, 2013 [PAR] New Orleans\u2019 art history runs deep, from music to the performing arts. Opera has flourished in New Orleans for over 200 years, and the story of opera\u2019s history here is very much in sync with the ebbs and flows of the city\u2019s history as a whole. Dating back to the late 1700s, opera was an important part of the building of culture in the New World, but important for Europeans living in the colonies here at the time, it was also a way to keep up with the latest in entertainment, and even fashion, back in Europe. [PAR] Opera\u2019s History in New Orleans [PAR] Even though the first operas were performed in Florence in the late 1590s, New Orleans wasn\u2019t ready for opera until the late 1790s. The rough colonial atmosphere of New Orleans in the first half of the 18th century was no doubt unappealing to actors, singers, and dancers. War and rebellion in one country can make a peaceful area quite attractive, however, and Spanish-controlled New Orleans was a much safer place to be than France or Saint-Domingue during the Revolution. A troupe of actors, led by Louis Blaize Tabary, set up shop in a building on Rue St. Peter. The building was named El Coliseo when Tabary\u2019s troup first moved in, but later acquired a French name, La Salle de Comedie. In his book, Old New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre, Its Ancient and Historical Buildings , Stanley Arthur traces the location of this theater to 732 St. Peter, between Bourbon and Royal Streets, which is just up the street from where Pat O\u2019Brien\u2019s Bar is today. The playhouse had a rough relationship with the Spanish government; the French-speaking troupe presented many shows which mocked then-governor Baron Carondelet. The troupe did manage to offer an opera, though, in 1796, performing \u201cSylvain,\u201d a French opera (naturally) by Andre Gretry. By the time the building was sold at auction in 1810, it had was known as the Theatre de la Rue Saint Pierre. [PAR] The original design of the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, from an 1813 sketch. (Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons) [PAR] Tabary set out to build a new theater on Orleans Avenue between Bourbon and Royal Streets. Construction began on the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans in 1806, but delays pushed back its opening to 1815. The theater was damaged by fire that year, and the project foundered. [PAR] It was around this time that another refugee from Saint-Domingue, John Davis, looked to form a true opera company in New Orleans. He took over the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans project from Tabary and reopened the theater in 1819. The quality of Davis\u2019 productions became known throughout the United States, as he took the company on tour in the summer months when the New Orleans mosquitos, heat, and humidity forced most of the city\u2019s residents to escape for the Gulf Coast. [PAR] The re-built Th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 1838. (Photo courtesy of Gibson\u2019s Guide and Directory of New Orleans, via"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sialogogue | Define Sialogogue at Dictionary.com Sialogogue | Define Sialogogue at Dictionary.com [PAR] C18: from New Latin sialag\u014dgus, from Greek sialon saliva + -agogue [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WINMAU TV WINMAU TV [PAR] WINMAU TV [PAR] Please click on Playlist to view all videos. [PAR] &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/div> [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Darts Powered By SiteWise\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Winmau Darts [PAR] Email"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minnesota State Facts - 50States.com - States and Capitals Minnesota State Facts - 50States.com [PAR] Minnesota Facts and Trivia [PAR] Minnesotan baseball commentator Halsey Hal was the first to say 'Holy Cow' during a baseball broadcast. [PAR] The Mall of America in Bloomington is the size of 78 football fields --- 9.5 million square feet. [PAR] Minnesota Inventions: Masking and Scotch tape, Wheaties cereal, Bisquick, HMOs, the bundt pan, Aveda beauty products, and Green Giant vegetables [PAR] The St. Lawrence Seaway opened in 1959 allowing oceangoing ships to reach Duluth. [PAR] Minneapolis is home to the oldest continuously running theater (Old Log Theater) and the largest dinner theater (Chanhassan Dinner Theater) in the country. [PAR] The original name of the settlement that became St. Paul was Pig's Eye. Named for the French-Canadian whiskey trader, Pierre \"Pig's Eye\" Parrant, who had led squatters to the settlement. [PAR] The world's largest pelican stands at the base of the Mill Pond dam on the Pelican River, right in downtown Pelican Rapids. The 15 1/2 feet tall concrete statue was built in 1957. [PAR] The Minneapolis Sculpture Garden is the largest urban sculpture garden in the country. [PAR] The Guthrie Theater is the largest regional playhouse in the country. [PAR] Minneapolis\u0092 famed skyway system connecting 52 blocks (nearly five miles) of downtown makes it possible to live, eat, work and shop without going outside. [PAR] Minneapolis has more golfers per capita than any other city in the country. [PAR] The climate-controlled Metrodome is the only facility in the country to host a Super Bowl, a World Series and a NCAA Final Four Basketball Championship. [PAR] Minnesota has 90,000 miles of shoreline, more than California, Florida and Hawaii combined. [PAR] The nation\u0092s first Better Business Bureau was founded in Minneapolis in 1912. [PAR] The first open heart surgery and the first bone marrow transplant in the United States were done at the University of Minnesota. [PAR] Bloomington and Minneapolis are the two farthest north latitude cities to ever host a World Series game. [PAR] Madison is the \"Lutefisk capital of the United States\". [PAR] Rochester is home of the world famous Mayo Clinic. The clinic is a major teaching and working facility. It is known world wide for its doctor's expertise and the newest methods of treatments. [PAR] The Bergquist cabin, built in 1870 by John Bergquist, a Swedish immigrant, is the oldest house in Moorhead still on its original site. [PAR] For many years, the world's largest twine ball has sat in Darwin. It weighs 17,400 pounds, is twelve feet in diameter, and was the creation of Francis A. Johnson. [PAR] The stapler was invented in Spring Valley. [PAR] In 1956, Southdale, in the Minneapolis suburb of Edina, was the first enclosed climate-controlled suburban Shop50states. [PAR] Private Milburn Henke of Hutchinson was the first enlisted man to land with the first American Expeditionary Force in Europe in WWII on January 26, 1942. [PAR] The first practical water skis were invented in 1922 by Ralph W. Samuelson, who steam-bent 2 eight-foot-long pine boards into skies. He took his first ride behind a motorboat on a lake in Lake City. [PAR] In Olivia a single half-husked cob towers over a roadside gazebo. It is 25 feet tall, made of fiberglass, and has been up since 1973. [PAR] The first Children's department in a Library is said to be that of the Minneapolis Public Library, which separated children's books from the rest of the collection in Dec. 1889. [PAR] The first Automatic Pop-up toaster was marketed in June 1926 by McGraw Electric Co. in Minneapolis"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] flag of the United States of America | Britannica.com flag of the United States of America | Britannica.com [PAR] Flag of the United States of America [PAR] Written By: [PAR] See Article History [PAR] Alternative Titles: Old Glory, Star-Spangled Banner, Stars and Stripes [PAR] national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the union, and the 13 stripes stand for the original 13 states. The flag\u2019s width-to-length ratio is 10 to 19. [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Betsy Ross [PAR] After the American Revolution began, the first unofficial national flag\u2014known as the Continental Colours (or, incorrectly, as the Grand Union Flag or the Cambridge Flag)\u2014was hoisted at Prospect Hill in Charlestown (now in Somerville, Mass.) on Jan. 1, 1776; it was raised, it appears, at the behest of Gen. George Washington , whose headquarters were nearby. The flag had 13 horizontal stripes (probably of red and white or of red, white, and blue) and, in the canton, the first version of the British Union Flag ( Union Jack ). It was used at forts and on naval vessels. Another popular early flag, that of the Sons of Liberty , had the 13 stripes only. The various 18th-century \u201cDon\u2019t Tread on Me\u201d flags had only local significance, but in the 20th century such designs were popularized by political protesters. [PAR] The first official national flag, formally approved by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1777, was the Stars and Stripes. The blue canton was to contain 13 stars, but the layout of the stars was left undefined, and several patterns are known. The designer of the flag, Congressman Francis Hopkinson , may have had a ring of stars in mind to symbolize (in the words of the flag law) \u201ca new constellation.\u201d Today that pattern is popularly known as the \u201c Betsy Ross flag,\u201d although the claims of her descendants that she made the first Stars and Stripes and that she used the ring pattern are unsubstantiated. Rows of stars (4-5-4 or 3-2-3-2-3) were common, but other variations also existed. The new Stars and Stripes formed part of the military colours carried on Sept. 11, 1777, at the Battle of the Brandywine , perhaps its first such use. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] flag of the Confederate States of America [PAR] The Stars and Stripes changed on May 1, 1795, when two more stars and two more stripes were added to reflect the admission to the union of Vermont (1791) and Kentucky (1792). (One such flag was the 1,260-square-foot [117-square-metre] \u201cStar-Spangled Banner,\u201d made by Mary Pickersgill, that Francis Scott Key saw at Fort McHenry in September 1814, inspiring his patriotic poem .) In 1818, after five more states had been admitted, Congress enacted legislation pertaining to a new flag, requiring that henceforth the number of stripes should remain 13, the number of stars should always match the number of states, and any new star should be added on the July 4 following a state\u2019s admission. This has been the system ever since. In all, from 1777 to 1960 (after the admission of Hawaii in 1959) there were 27 versions of the flag\u201425 involving changes in the stars only. An executive order of Oct. 29, 1912, standardized the proportions and relative sizes of the elements of the flag; in 1934 the exact shades of colour were standardized. [PAR] There is no official assignment of meaning or symbolism to the colours of the flag. However,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teletubbies (Show) - Teletubbies Wiki - Wikia Teletubbies (Show) | Teletubbies Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Original run [PAR] 31 March 1997 (1997-03-31) \u2013 16 February 2001 (2001-02-16) (UK) [PAR] Teletubbies is a BBC children's television series , primarily aimed at pre-school viewers, produced from 1997 to 2001 by Ragdoll Productions . It was created by Anne Wood CBE , Ragdoll's creative director, and Andrew Davenport, who wrote each of the show's 369 episodes. The programmer's original narrator was Tim Whitnall . The programme first aired on 31 March 1997, was syndicated in the United States on the PBS network on 3 April 1997 and new episodes aired until mid 2005 with reruns airing until August 2008. [PAR] In 2001 production was canceled and it was announced that no new episodes would be produced, with the last episode being aired on 16 February 2001. However, a total of 369 episodes had been produced \u2013 enough for a full year. The series was one of four PBS shows to be taken off its regular airing, the other shows being Boohbah (in 2005), Reading Rainbow (in 2006) and Mister Rogers Neighborhood (in 2008). [PAR] The program rapidly became a critical and commercial success in Britain and abroad (particularly notable for its high production values), and won a BAFTA in 1998. Teletubbies Everywhere was awarded \"Best Pre-school Live Action Series\" at the 2002 Children's BAFTA Awards. [PAR] The program revolves around the adventures of Teletubbies, Tinky Winky, who is purple, Dipsy, who is green, Laa-Laa, who is yellow, and Po, who is red. In the show, the four colourful Teletubbies play in the cheerful and fun Teletubbyland. They do things that little children like to do, such as rolling on the ground, laughing, running about, and watching real children on the televisions on their stomachs. Mysterious speakers rise out of the ground to show the days' activities. The sun, who has a baby's face, makes baby noises during the show, and it rises and sets to begin and end the show. The baby was portrayed by Jessica Smith. [PAR] Although the program is aimed at children between the ages of one and four, it has a popularity with older generations. The mixture of bright colors, unusual designs, repetitive non-verbal dialogue, ritualistic format, and the occasional forays into physical comedy appealed to a demographic who perceived the program as having psychedelic qualities. Teletubbies was controversial for this reason, and also for a perception that it was insufficiently educational. [PAR] The program was also at the centre of a controversy when American cleric and conservative pundit Jerry Falwell claimed in 1999 that Tinky Winky, one of the Teletubbies, was a homosexual role model for children. Falwell based this conclusion on the character's purple colour and his triangular antenna; both the colour purple and the triangle are sometimes used as symbols of the Gay Pride movement. [PAR] However, despite an ensuing boycott, the program remained in production for two more years, and \"Teletubbies say \"Eh-oh!\", a single based on the show's theme song, reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1997 and remained in the Top 75 for 32 weeks, selling over a million copies. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Overview [PAR] The programme features 4 colourful characters: Tinky Winky, Dipsy, Laa-Laa, and Po, who live in a futuristic dome (the \"Tubbytronic Superdome\"), set in a landscape of rolling green hills. The environment is dotted with unusually talkative flowers and periscope-like \"voice trumpets\". The only natural fauna are rabbits (although birds are often heard, particularly blackcaps and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thin Lizzy - Roisin Dubh (Black Rose) Lyrics | SongMeanings Thin Lizzy - Roisin Dubh (Black Rose) Lyrics | SongMeanings [PAR] SongMeanings [PAR] Tell me the legends of long ago [PAR] When the kings and queens would dance in the realm of the Black Rose [PAR] Play me the melodies I want to know [PAR] So I can teach my children, oh [PAR] Pray tell me the story of young Cuchulainn [PAR] How his eyes were dark his expression sullen [PAR] And how he'd fight and always won [PAR] And how they cried when he was fallen [PAR] Oh tell me the story of the Queen of this land [PAR] And how her sons died at her own hand [PAR] And how fools obey commands [PAR] Oh tell me the legends of long ago [PAR] Where the mountains of Mourne come down to the sea [PAR] Will she no come back to me [PAR] Will she no come back to me [PAR] Oh Shenandoah I hear you calling [PAR] Far away you rolling river [PAR] Roll down the mountain side [PAR] On down on down go lassie go [PAR] Oh Tell me the legends of long ago [PAR] When the kings and queens would dance in the realms of the Black Rose [PAR] Play me the melodies so I might know [PAR] So I can tell my children, oh [PAR] My Roisin Dubh is my one and only true love [PAR] It was a joy that Joyce brought to me [PAR] While William Butler waits [PAR] And Oscar, he's going Wilde [PAR] Ah sure, Brendan where have you Behan? [PAR] Looking for a girl with green eyes [PAR] My dark Rosaleen is my only colleen [PAR] That Georgie knows Best [PAR] But Van is the man [PAR] Starvation once again [PAR] Drinking whiskey in the jar-o [PAR] Synge's Playboy of the Western World [PAR] As Shaw, Sean I was born and reared there [PAR] Where the Mountains of Mourne come down to the sea [PAR] Is such a long, long way from Tipperary"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shirley Crabtree - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia Shirley Crabtree - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [PAR] I Live my life to the Fullest!!! coz you know you only get one !!! [PAR] Shirley Crabtree [PAR] Billed height 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) [PAR] Name Shirley Crabtree [PAR] Full name Shirley Crabtree, Jr [PAR] Retired 1993 [PAR] Born 14 November 1930 Halifax, West Yorkshire, England (1930-11-14) [PAR] Ring name(s) Big Daddy Mr. Universe The Battling Guardsman The Blonde Adonis [PAR] Billed weight 26 st 9 lb (170 kg; 375 lb) [PAR] Died December 2, 1997, Southport, United Kingdom [PAR] Trained by George Hackenschmidt, Sandy Orford [PAR] Rip dead wrestlers shirley crabtree [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Shirley Crabtree, Jr (14 November 1930 \u2013 2 December 1997), better known as Big Daddy, was an English professional wrestler with a record-breaking 64 inch chest. He worked for Joint Promotions and the British Wrestling Federation. Initially a villain, he teamed with Giant Haystacks. He later became a fan favorite, working until the 1990s. [PAR] Early career [PAR] Crabtree decided to follow in the footsteps of his father, Shirley Crabtree, Sr., becoming a professional wrestler in 1952. He first became popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a blue-eye billed as \"Blond Adonis Shirley Crabtree.\" He won the European Heavyweight Championship in Joint Promotions and a disputed branch of the British Heavyweight title in the independent British Wrestling Federation before he quit in 1966 following a (non-kayfabe) campaign of harassment by former champion Bert Assirati. He retired for roughly six years. [PAR] Comeback [PAR] In 1972, Crabtree returned to Joint Promotions as a villain with a gimmick of The Battling Guardsman based on his former service with the Coldstreams. It was during this period that he made his first appearances on World of Sport on ITV. [PAR] Not long afterwards, Shirley's brother, Max, was appointed as Northern area booker with Joint Promotions and began to transform Crabtree into the persona for which he would be best remembered. Based originally on the character of the same name played by actor Burl Ives in the first screen adaptation of Tennessee Williams' Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), 'Big Daddy' was first given life by Crabtree in late 1974, initially still as a villain. The character's leotards were emblazoned with just a large \"D\" and were fashioned by his wife Eunice from their chintz sofa. The character first gained attention in mid-1975 when he formed a tag team with TV newcomer Giant Haystacks. However, during this period, Daddy began to be cheered for the first time since his comeback when he entered into a feud with masked villain Kendo Nagasaki, especially when he unmasked Nagasaki during a televised contest from Solihull in December 1975 (although the unmasked Nagasaki quickly won the bout moments later). [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] By the middle of 1977, Daddy had completed his transformation into a blue eye, a change cemented by the breakdown of his tag team with Haystacks and a subsequent feud between the two which would last until the early 1990s. A firm fans' favourite particularly amongst children, Big Daddy came to the ring in either a sequinned cape or a Union Flag jacket and top hat. In addition to his feud with Haystacks, Daddy also feuded with Canadian wrestler 'Mighty' John Quinn. He headlined Wembley Arena with singles matches against Quinn in 1979 and Haystacks in 1981. Later in the 1980s he feuded with Dave \"Fit\" Finlay, Drew McDonald and numerous other villains. [PAR] In August 1987 at the Hippodrome circus in Great Yarmouth,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shop / Shopping Centre - The Trafford Centre - Discover ... intu Trafford Centre - Shopping Centre in Manchester, TRAFFORD - Visit Manchester [PAR] Visit Website [PAR] About [PAR] Situated just 5 miles outside Manchester city centre, visitors have the choice of over 200 stores along three miles of granite and marble boulevards. Stores range from designer and high fashion favourites, including the first Selfridges outside London, to stylish homewares at Barton Square. [PAR] From tea dances and Mall Walking to fashion shows, book signings, pop concerts and film premieres, there's always something going on. The Centre is also home to 60 restaurants, cafes and bars in The Orient and the opulent Great Hall as well as a 20 screen ODEON cinema, SEA LIFE and LEGOLAND Discovery Centre. [PAR] See opening times here.[DOC] [TLE] The Trafford Centre - Shopping Mall - foursquare.com intu Trafford Centre - Shopping Mall [PAR] intu Trafford Centre [PAR] \"Love It In Trafford Centre!! Selfridges <3\"(4 Tips) [PAR] \"Great place for shopping in the best mall in Manchester.\"(2 Tips) [PAR] \"One of the best shopping mall center in the world\"(2 Tips) [PAR] \"Chaobaby has a delicious and affordable lunch buffet!\"(2 Tips) [PAR] 139 Tips and reviews [PAR] Log in to leave a tip here. [PAR] Post [PAR] Visit Manchester June 7, 2013 [PAR] Manchester might not be a seaside resort but who cares when you've got a brand new Sea Life Centre to explore. This new attraction opened yesterday at intu Trafford Centre, with over 5,000 creatures. [PAR] Bogdan Andrei October 5, 2016 [PAR] Really amazing architecture, I've been in many Malls in my life, most of them trying to get your attention with size and luxury, but this one is something particularl, good job Intu! [PAR] Ann Marie August 16, 2012 [PAR] Wow, for sheer over the top tackiness this place takes the biscuit. It's like going to a Disney park, there are New Orleans balconies and Sphinx statues. I love it! :-) [PAR] Mark Nicholls December 29, 2015 [PAR] I go here for my annual family Christmas shop. There is so many shops, it's huge. Definitely worth a try. The Christmas decs are always so pretty. [PAR] Wejdan Turkistani March 15, 2016 [PAR] Lovely place to shop! Make sure you're wearing sneakers though [PAR] Upvoted 3 weeks ago [PAR] Jeet Y April 8, 2014 [PAR] The prayer room is next to a lift, right before the exit to bus station, on left as you are going out. I passed by the place so many times and didn't see that, until a janitor point it to me. [PAR] Fatih Kuran February 5, 2015 [PAR] Very big and nice shopping mall. A bit away from downtown. It is worth to visit [PAR] Phat Buoy September 30, 2014 [PAR] The stuff of nightmares - wannabe WAGS with pram brats clad in designer gear bumping into you every 5 seconds. Never go at the weekend or in December - you will want to dropkick someone [PAR] Rashid Khan February 3, 2014 [PAR] A well thought out and designed mall. Worth a visit even for a look around. As expected, all the top brands are here. [PAR] Hamoud AlDabbous July 30, 2016 [PAR] Great place for shopping in the best mall in Manchester. Every thing you need is here \ud83d\udc4c\ud83c\udffb [PAR] Michael Canny June 12, 2011 [PAR] Arrive early at the weekend, ideally as it opens - the car park is an absolute hell-hole as the day progresses, people park anywhere and everywhere. [PAR] Javier Miranda October 7, 2012 [PAR] One of the best shopping malls you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is Gwyneth going bananas? | Daily Mail Online Is Gwyneth going bananas? | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Is Gwyneth going bananas? [PAR] by KATIE HAMPSON, Daily Mail online [PAR] Last updated at 15:38 17 May 2004 [PAR] Hollywood actress Gwyneth Paltrow has given birth to her first child - and named her Apple. [PAR] However, it is unclear why she named her daughter after a fruit. [PAR] Paltrow, 31, and her British husband Chris Martin, 27, lead singer of the band Coldplay, said they were 'ecstatic' after the baby was delivered on Friday following a long labour at a London hospital. [PAR] The baby's full name is Apple Blythe Alison Martin - the other two names are in honour of their mothers, Blythe Danner and Alison Martin. [PAR] Despite Paltrow and Martin's lithe figures, Apple weighed a whopping 9lb 11oz (4.39 kg). [PAR] In a statement issued to the media after the birth, the couple said: \"We are 900 miles over the moon. [PAR] \"We would like to thank everyone at the hospital who have looked after us amazingly. [PAR] \"Both mother and baby are very well,\" the statement added. [PAR] Paltrow, who was once engaged to Brad Pitt and dated actor Ben Affleck, met Martin backstage at a Coldplay concert in 2002. [PAR] The couple married in a secret ceremony in southern California last December. [PAR] Friends say Martin proved a huge support for Paltrow after the sudden death in October 2002 of her father, film director Bruce Paltrow. [PAR] Martin and the quartet Coldplay have enjoyed huge global success since their acclaimed debut album Parachutes in 2000. [PAR] They won a coveted Grammy Award for Clocks in February. [PAR] Paltrow won a best actress Oscar for the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love and recently played the late poet Sylvia Plath."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Tennis Scoring System, Rules and Guidelines. The Tennis Scoring System, Rules and Guidelines. [PAR] The Tennis Scoring System [PAR] 'Game-Set-Match' [PAR] The tennis scoring system is a well thought out set of rules and guidelines specifically designed to guarantee a winner at the end of a tennis game, set, or match. [PAR] Contrary to a number of sports, the outcome in tennis competition never results in a 'tie'. The competition must play out until a tennis competitor or a tennis team is crowned with the championship for that tournament. [PAR] Spectators unfamiliar with the game of tennis are typically fascinated and pleasantly entertained by the competitive nature of the sport. [PAR] Without a doubt, tennis is a high-spirited inspiring sport to watch, but many these spectators eventually find themselves disconnected at various stages of the competition due to the lack of tennis scoring knowledge. [PAR] Problem Solved\u2026 [PAR] The solution is to gradually learn the tennis scoring system and eventually master the official rules and guidelines acknowledged by tennis communities and tennis organizations around the globe. [PAR] The terminology in tennis scoring is easy to learn and understand. [PAR] \"Game-Set-Match\" is the habitual announcement voiced by tennis players and tennis officials to end a competition when the final point is played. [PAR] This notification officially finalizes the tennis scoring for that match and if this is the 'finals' competition this announcement ends the tournament. [PAR] Breaking down the details of the Game-Set-Match concept simplifies the ability to grasp and interpret tennis scoring. Now let's get down to the 'nuts and bolts' of the tennis scoring system. [PAR] Here we go... [PAR] Competitive tennis athletes are always striving to advance to the next round of competition in a tournament. The ultimate goal is to play for the championship in the 'finals'. [PAR] To achieve this goal, a competitive tennis athlete must... [PAR] earn a minimum of 4 points to win a game. [PAR] play at least 6 games to win a set. [PAR] win no less than 2 sets (at times 3 sets) to close out a match. [PAR] Prior to playing a match, competitors must decide who or which team will serve first and which sides of the court each competitor or team will initiate game play. A coin toss or racquet spin is the typical action performed to determine the privilege of picking first. [PAR] The winner(s) of the coin toss or racquet spin determines either the serving options or which end of the court to initiate game play. The competitor(s) who lost the toss or spin determines the second option. [PAR] Tennis Scoring: Game [PAR] A tennis serve initiates game play and the player serving serves the entire game. In order to win the game, a tennis competitor must win a number of points. Each game consists of a series of points and remember a competitor must accumulate at least four points to win the game. [PAR] The servers score is always announced first the entire game with tennis terminology voiced in a manner unique to tennis. [PAR] Points Earned 0 = 0 Games Points or 'Love' [PAR] Points Earned 1 = 15 Game Points [PAR] Points Earned 2 = 30 Game Points [PAR] Points Earned 3 = 40 Game Points [PAR] Points Earned 4 = Game Over (2 Point Advantage Required) [PAR] The winner of a tennis game must win with a two point advantage. In other words, if the score is 40-0 and the server wins the next point, the server wins the game. [PAR] Consequently, if the server loses the next point"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Around the World in 80 Days (TV Series 1989\u2013 ) - IMDb Around the World in 80 Days (TV Mini-Series 1989) - IMDb [PAR] Around the World in 80 Days [PAR] 49min [PAR] Michael Palin attempts to copy the exploits of fictional character Phileas Fogg, by trying to travel around the world (without flying) in 80 days. [PAR] Writer: [PAR] Jules Verne (creator: original concept) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 18 Apr 2011 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 24 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 07 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 167 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Title: Around the World in 80 Days (1989\u2013 ) [PAR] 8.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Pole to Pole (TV Mini-Series 1992) [PAR] Adventure | Documentary [PAR] Michael Palin undertakes a journey by the most direct route possible with the most land to cross from the North Pole to the South Pole. [PAR] Stars: Michael Palin, Neil Hardwick, Lasse Lehtinen [PAR] Michael Palin embarks on another epic journey of exploration and adventure, this time 15,000 miles through 18 countries around the Pacific rim. [PAR] Stars: Rob Hehnlin, Michael Palin [PAR] In this four part BBC television series presented by British comedian and travel presenter Michael Palin, and broadcast in 2002. In it, Palin traveled around the Sahara Desert in Northern ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Michael Palin [PAR] This 2004 BBC television series records comedian and travel presenter Michael Palin's six-month trip across the Himalaya mountain range, covering an amazingly diverse range of cultures and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Michael Palin, The Dalai Lama [PAR] New Europe (TV Mini-Series 2007) [PAR] Documentary [PAR] Michael Palin is off on another unconventional adventure documentary for the cameras. Starting at the bullfights in Valencia, Spain he follows in the footsteps of his favourite author, the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Michael Palin [PAR] Michael Palin travels around Brazil, from Amazonia to Rio, from the North East to the Deep South, to find out what makes this vast country tick. [PAR] Stars: Michael Palin, Susie Valerio, Carolina Ferraz [PAR] A Victorian Age English gentleman takes a wager that he can circle the globe in the unprecedented time of just 80 days. [PAR] Stars: Pierce Brosnan, Eric Idle, Julia Nickson [PAR] Michael Palin owns what must be the most-used passport in Britain. Now it has been taken out of the drawer once again for the making of his new one-off documentary, Around the World in 20 ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Roger Mills [PAR] Ripping Yarns is a collection of tales that make for 'ripping good' television. Michael Palin plays a different lead character in each yarn. [PAR] Stars: Michael Palin, Charles McKeown, Barbara New [PAR] English actor-comedian Stephen Fry travels through the US regions by London cab. [PAR] Stars: Stephen Fry, Tom Allman, Susan Austin [PAR] Michael Palin follows the path of the book Around The World in Eighty Days. He's following the same rules as the characters in the fictional book as well, no air travel. [PAR] Stars: Frank Skinner, Michael Palin, Matt Baker [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Michael Palin has taken on the task of duplicating Phileas Fogg's feat by attempting to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maggots and Leeches: Old Medicine is New - Live Science Maggots and Leeches: Old Medicine is New [PAR] Maggots and Leeches: Old Medicine is New [PAR] By Ker Than | [PAR] April 19, 2005 02:46am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Pam Mitchell knew the maggots were working when her foot started bleeding. [PAR] Four years ago, a small cut on Mitchell's left heel turned into an diabetes-related infection two inches wide and down to the bone. Another wound developed in her right foot, owing to dry, cracked skin. Doctors tried everything--creams, antibiotics--but nothing worked. [PAR] \"My doctor told me to give it up, see a psychologist, and have my foot amputated,\" she recalls. [PAR] Mitchell, now 52, had to make a decision soon because the powerful antibiotic that doctors prescribed for her infection was also wreaking havoc on her bones. Mitchell was preparing to undergo a dangerous bone marrow transplant when a friend remembered watching a TV show about European doctors using maggots to treat wounds like Mitchell's. With nothing to lose, she tried it. [PAR] Pam Mitchell in happier times, post-treatment. [PAR] Mitchell found a dermatologist willing to perform the procedure, and soon had 600 live maggots wriggling inside the wound on her left foot, 400 in her right, where they were sealed in gauze and left for two days. [PAR] Grudging acceptance [PAR] When it came time to remove the maggots, Mitchell's doctor was more than a little repulsed. \"He had never dealt with them before and he said it was like watching a Wes Craven movie,\" Mitchell remembers. He was also impressed, because the maggot treatment seemed to be working. [PAR] Over the course of 10 such treatments, wounds that months of expensive procedures could not mend began to heal. [PAR] Today, Mitchell walks normally and both wounds are completely healed. She is now a member of the board for the Biotherapeutics Education and Research Foundation, a non-profit organization that promotes the medical use of maggots. [PAR] \"They didn't just save my feet, they saved my life,\" Mitchell told LiveScience. \"They're better than anything man can come up with because I've tried everything.\" [PAR] What a Leech! [PAR] The medicinal leech is a segmented worm related to the earthworm. A rear suction cup helps it move and cling to a host. The front suction cup has three sharp jaws that make a Y-shaped bite. [PAR] It can feed for 30 minutes to 6 hours or more, taking in several times its body weight. [PAR] Leech saliva contains chemicals that prevent blood clotting, so a wound might bleed for hours after the leech is removed. Depending on wound size, a doctor might apply anywhere from one to six leeches. Medical-grade leeches are sold by Leeches U.S.A. Ltd. and Biopharm Leeches. [PAR] SOURCE: Biotherapeutics Education and Research Foundation [PAR] A growing number of doctors are starting to agree. Maggots are useful because they help remove dead tissue and expose healthy tissue, a process called debridement. Maggot debridement therapy was popular in the early part of the last century but went out of vogue when antibiotic use became widespread. [PAR] But maggots are now making a comeback, and they are increasingly being used to treat ulcers, gangrene, skin cancer, and burns. Research also suggests maggots may help decrease the risks of infections after surgery. [PAR] Leeches, too [PAR] Maggot therapy is just one example of a medical approach called biotherapy -- the use of living animals to aid in medical diagnosis or treatment. Leeches are another example. [PAR] In ancient times, leeches were used to treat everything from headaches"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bergerac - theislandwiki Bergerac - theislandwiki [PAR] Bergerac [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Bergerac is a British television show set on the Island of Jersey. Produced by the BBC in association with an Australian company, the Seven Network, and first screened on BBC1 in the 1980s, it starred John Nettles as the title character Detective Sergeant Jim Bergerac, a policeman in the Bureau des \u00c9trangers ('The Foreigners' Office', a fictional department for dealing with non-Jersey residents), and part of the States of Jersey Police . [PAR] Background [PAR] The series ran from 1981 to 1991 and was created by producer Robert Banks Stewart, after another of his popular detective series Shoestring, starring Trevor Eve, came to a sudden end. The BBC wanted a series to replace the popular Shoestring and Bergerac was created. The mix of stunning scenery, the island's tax-exile millionaire image and some unsavory criminals, proved a massive hit with viewers. [PAR] Like Shoestring, the series began with a man returning to work after a particularly bad period in his life: Eddie Shoestring from a nervous breakdown; Jim Bergerac from alcoholism, a broken leg and a broken marriage. [PAR] As well as the supernatural elements which were incorporated into the series, a number of episodes ended with unpleasant twists, as in Offshore Trades and A Hole in the Bucket. The show also dealt with sometimes controversial topics - for example, in one episode, an old man is unmasked as a Nazi war criminal, and his age raises various moral dilemmas. [PAR] A rather implausible element of the series is that Bergerac and his colleagues, who work in a department dedicated to dealing with non-residents, often get involved in cases where there is nothing to suggest that non-residents are involved, only discovering this later. [PAR] The evocative theme tune, composed by George Fenton, featured an accordion refrain. [PAR] Inspector Barney Crozier (Sean Arnold), Francine Leland (C\u00e9cile Paoli) and Detective Sergeant Jim Bergerac (John Nettles) pose for the first of many publicity shoots in the Royal Square [PAR] Main Character [PAR] Jim Bergerac was a complex character and presented by the series as a somewhat unorthodox cop. He was recovering from alcoholism, partly resulting from an unpleasant divorce. A Jersey native, he returned to the island at the start of the series after recuperating in England from ill-health alcoholism and major surgery on his leg following an accident caused by him drinking heavily prior to an attempted arrest. The accident is shown in episode two as a flashback: Bergerac was swigging brandy during surveillance when he noticed his suspect and gave chase. Under the influence of his drinking, he attempted to prevent the man's escape by leaping onto his boat and got his leg crushed against the harbour wall as he slipped back. He was deemed unfit for the force as a result of this accident, but helped his old colleagues out in the recently formed Bureau des \u00c9trangers and was posted to that unit. [PAR] Bergerac's relationships with women were a frequent theme; often as a subplot to the main crime investigation. Bergerac's girlfriends included the beautiful Francine Leland (C\u00e9cile Paoli) (who, in a somewhat odd twist, had originally been the fianc\u00e9e of Jim\u2019s former colleague killed in the opening scenes of the first episode), Marianne Bellshade (Celia Imrie), Susan Young (Louise Jameson) and Danielle Aubry (Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Liotard). He also had several encounters with ex-wife Deborah Bergerac (Deborah Grant) who had custody of their teenage daughter Kim Bergerac (Lindsay Heath). [PAR] Jim Bergerac often displayed 'disobedience' when in the Jersey police force. Due to personal"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why does France have 12 time zones? - Quora Why does France have 12 time zones? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Geography [PAR] Why does France have 12 time zones? [PAR] It isn't that big a country after all. Russia is extremely big, it is also spread longitudinally, yet has only 9 time zones. What's with the French? [PAR] France has dependencies and overseas territories all over the world. Here's how France has 12 time zones: [PAR] (I used information here and the map here to prepare this visual explanation) [PAR] This means that time has to make sense in the mainland, in Polynesia, in Caledonia, in Guiana, in the Southern and Antarctic lands, and all the other islands. [PAR] And so, each territory belong to a meaningful timezone, based on its location. [PAR] What else could we do? [PAR] Written Mar 23, 2016 [PAR] France is having its territories spread all across the globe. [PAR] 0.5 hours of difference in time (if adopted) is there for every 7.5 degrees. Due to the territories of France in 12 different longitudes, it has adopted 12 different time zones. [PAR] 12 different time zones are as following:- [PAR] Written Jun 28, 2013 [PAR] As Tanay said, is because of its different dependencies spread around the world. [PAR] Its colonial history and its willingness to keep all these territories as being part of the same country make France a rather tiny European country a big actor in geopolitical affairs. [PAR] 5.8k Views [PAR] I once had a random conversation with a middle aged fellow bus passenger in NEW YORK; [PAR] Her: You ain't from around here, are ya? [PAR] Me: Nope, I'm from Israel [PAR] Her: Never heard of it. [PAR] (pause, it took me a few seconds) [PAR] Me: I'm from the capital city Jerusalem. [PAR] Her: Never heard of it. [PAR] Me: Well maybe you've heard of Bethlehem [PAR] Her: Sure, that's where Jesus was born. [PAR] Me: Well, Jerusalem is a sort of a suburb of Beth...[DOC] [TLE] Time Zone Origins - Fact Monster Time Zone Origins [PAR] Time Zone Origins [PAR] A transcontinental train schedule was the mother of invention [PAR] by Karen Barss [PAR] Daylight Saving Time [PAR] Before the advent of railways in the 1800s, all time was local. Noon was simply when the sun was directly overhead wherever you were, in what is called solar time . Each town's citizens would set their clocks and pocket watches according to the official town clock or timekeeper. When they traveled to another town, they would simply change their watch when they arrived. [PAR] Engineering Time [PAR] All that changed when railroads began to move people across great distances quickly. In the early days of the railroads, train schedules were totally confusing because they were based on local solar time. This problem was particularly pronounced in the United States and Canada where transcontinental railroads moved people over thousands of miles relatively quickly. [PAR] Clearly, it is no surprise then that the person considered the father of standardized time was a Canadian railway engineer. In 1878, Sir Sandford Fleming (1827\u20131915) developed the system of worldwide time zones that we still use today. He proposed that the world be divided into 24 time zones, each spaced 15\u00ba (fifteen degrees) of longitude apart (like 24 sections of an orange). He came to this idea because Earth completes a rotation every 24 hours and there are 360\u00ba of longitude, so each hour Earth rotates 1/24th of a circle or 15\u00ba. [PAR] As with many new ideas, his solution was not immediately"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Daily Star - Smallville Wiki - Wikia Daily Star | Smallville Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Daily Star is a Metropolis newspaper. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Appearances [PAR] The Daily Star building has never actually appeared on the show. However, the newspaper itself has been seen in one episode: [PAR] Icarus - After Oliver Queen was attacked, Tess Mercer read the article, \"Queen without a Country\". Cat Grant was angry that the Daily Star had written this story and the Daily Planet hadn't. [PAR] Booster - Clark mentions that former Daily Planet reporter, Steve Lombard , recently took a job at the Daily Star. [PAR] In the Comics [PAR] The Daily Star in the comics [PAR] The Daily Star is a newspaper publisher on Earth-2 , where the Golden Age Superman of Earth-Two worked as Clark Kent . In the Silver Age continuity, Perry White was promoted to editor-in-chief upon the retirement of the Earth-One version of George Taylor (this took place while Clark Kent was in college). The Perry White of Earth-Two, however, was a lead reporter for the Daily Star and \"filled in\" as editor from time to time when Taylor was away. [PAR] Clark Kent of Earth-2 advanced his reporting career to become Lead Investigative Reporter for the Daily Star. But, always mindful of his dual persona, he largely maintained a retiring manner. In the meantime, Kent (and Superman) befriended Jimmy Olsen , who'd started as a pre-teen office boy at the Daily Star in the 1930s but became a cub reporter when he published the story of Superman's defeat of the Archer (Superman #13). [PAR] In the late 1940s, would-be crime lord Colonel Future challenged the Wizard, a rumored sorcerer, to eliminate the Man of Steel. The Wizard cast a spell to rid the world of Superman, but merely made Clark repress the memory of his alter ego . As a result, Kent became an aggressive, crusading reporter who won the heart\u2014and hand\u2014of Lois Lane. But when she discovered Clark's secret on their honeymoon, Lois tracked down the Wizard and made him reverse the spell. (Action Comics #484). George Taylor retired in the early 1950s, and Kent was selected over Perry White as the new Editor-in-Chief of the Daily Star. Lois Lane-Kent was promoted to Lead Investigative Reporter while James Olsen became a managing editor. Lana Lang joins the Daily Star staff as a television critic. [PAR] When Superman first appeared in comics, in June 1938's Action Comics #1, his alter ego, Clark Kent, worked for the \"large metropolitan daily\" newspaper (Action #7, Dec 1938) the Daily Star under editor George Taylor (Superman #2, Fall 1939). With the exception of Action Comics #2, when Kent (and Taylor) inexplicably worked for the Cleveland Evening News, the above arrangement remained unchanged through March 1940 (Action #22). [PAR] Kent apparently had persuaded Taylor to hire him only shortly before the first issue of Action by phoning in an exclusive account of Superman's first public act\u2014thwarting an attempted lynching at the county jail (Superman #1, Summer 1939). Before long, Kent was referred to as the paper's \"ace scribe\" (Action #9, Feb 1939) and \"ace reporter\" (Action #6, Nov 1938). He often butted heads with Lois Lane , an aggressive, career-minded journalist who'd started as the Daily Stars \"sob sister\" (Action #7, Dec 1938) and \"lovelorn editor\" before earning her stripes as a full-fledged \"news reporter\" (Superman #3, Winter 1940) and war correspondent in Europe (Action #22, Mar 1940). [PAR] Then, in Spring 1940 (Action #23), without any in-story explanation, the newspaper suddenly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] An A to Z of UK High Street Retailers | Business | tutor2u An A to Z of UK High Street Retailers | tutor2u Business [PAR] An A to Z of UK High Street Retailers [PAR] Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linkedin Share on Google Share by email [PAR] Here\u2019s a little exercise that your students might find interesting. The challenge is to come up with an A to Z of well-known retailers operating in the UK. The task is much harder when done alone and without research materials (aka wikipedia). It would make a good timed group exercise. Which group can complete the list first? Or which group can complete the most letters with legitimate retailers in a specific time (e.g. ten minutes). [PAR] Here is our latest list - which we are updating based on the suggestions you add to the comments box below, or email through to us. [PAR] We have tried to exclude businesses which, whilst they are on the high street, are not really retailers (e.g. banks, wine bars). [PAR] A follow-up activity would be to get the students to group their suggestions in terms of categories: [PAR] e.g. Product range, High Street v out of Town, Upmarket/Discount, fashion retailers only\u2026 [PAR] A Asda, Accessorize, Aldi, Ann Summers, Austin Reed, Argos, Ainsleys, Alexon, Allders, Allsports, Adams [PAR] B Barratt Shoes, Boots, Budgens, Bakers Oven, B&Q, Burberry, Birthdays, Borders, BHS, Burtons, Body Shop, Blacks, Benetton, Beaverbrooks, Bon Marche, Brantano [PAR] C Costcutter, Comet, Charles Tyrwhitt, Clinton Cards, Cecil Gee, Charles Clinkard, Costa Coffee, [PAR] D Debenhams, Dixons, Dorothy Perkins, DFS, Dollond & Aitchison, Disney Store [PAR] E Early Learning Centre, Etam, Evans, Ernest Jones [PAR] F Fat Face, French Connection, Foot Locker, FarmFoods, Freespirit, Footlocker [PAR] G Greggs, Game,Goldsmiths [PAR] H Harrods, Habitat, Happy Shopper, HMV, Halfords. H&M, Hobbs, H Samuel, Holland & Barrett [PAR] I Iceland, Ikea [PAR] J JJB Sports, JD Sports, Jaeger, Jessops, JoJo Mamam Bebe, John Lewis, Jones Bootmaker, Jacques Vert, Johnsons [PAR] K Kookai, Karen Millen [PAR] L Lush, Lidl, La Sensa, Londis, Laura Ashley, Lakeland, Lacoste, Levis [PAR] M Marks & Spencer, Monsoon, Milletts, Morrisons, Miss Selfridge, McDonalds, Mango, Mexx, Millies Cookies, Mothercare, Matalan, Mamas & Papas [PAR] N Next, Nandos, New Look, Netto [PAR] O Oasis, 02, Ottakers, Oddbins, Orange, O\u2019Neil, Offer [PAR] P Past Times, PC World, Post Office, Primark, Principles, Ponden Mill, Poundstretcher, Pets At Home, Pet City, Paperchase, Perfume Shop, Phones 4u [PAR] Q QD, Quiksilver [PAR] R River Island, Rymans, Russell & Bromley [PAR] S Sainsbury\u2019s, Somerfield, Superdrug, Specsavers, Sports World, Sports Soccer, Schuh, Starbucks, Sunglass Hut [PAR] T TKMaxx, Top Shop, Tesco, Threshers, Tie Rack, The Carphone Warehouse, Thorntons, T-Mobile, ToysRUs, Ted Baker, Timberland, Toyworld [PAR] U USC, Ultimo [PAR] V Virgin, Vie, Vision Express, Vodafone [PAR] W Wickes, Waitrose, WH Smith, Waterstones, Woolworths, White Stuff, Wallis, Warehouse, Whittard [PAR] X[DOC] [TLE] M&S attacks sales slump with rebranding | Money | The Guardian M&S attacks sales slump with rebranding | Money | The Guardian [PAR] M&S attacks sales slump with rebranding [PAR] Store eliminates name confusion [PAR] M&S attacks sales slump with rebranding [PAR] Store eliminates name confusion [PAR] Monday 13 March 2000 12.09 EST [PAR] First published on Monday 13 March 2000 12.09 EST [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Marks & Spencer will formally unveil a rebranding of its entire product range early next month in an attempt to halt a precipitous fall in sales, the stores chain confirmed yesterday. [PAR] Its famous St Michael brand will be transformed into a \"promise of satisfaction\" for customers,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the meaning of Rose, what is the definition of ... What is the meaning of Rose, what is the definition of Rose, Rose means [PAR] Best article site Voticle.com. Vote interesting articles and submit your original ones. [PAR] Definition of Rose [PAR] Rose n. means: A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. [PAR] What is the meaning/definition of Rose ? [PAR] Rose n. means: A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. [PAR] Meaning of Rose [PAR] Rose (n.) means: A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. [PAR] More meanings / definitions of Rose or words, sentences containing Rose? [PAR] Rose-cut (a.): Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face formed of triangular facets in rows; -- said of diamonds and other precious stones. See Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf. Brilliant, n.: Example: [PAR] Rose (n.): A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe.: Example: [PAR] Rose-pink (a.): Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the pigment called rose pink. See Rose pink, under Rose.: Example: [PAR] Noisette (n.): A hybrid rose produced in 1817, by a French gardener, Noisette, of Charleston, South Carolina, from the China rose and the musk rose. It has given rise to many fine varieties, as the Lamarque, the Marechal (or Marshal) Niel, and the Cloth of gold. Most roses of this class have clustered flowers and are of vigorous growth.: Example: [PAR] Rose (n.): The color of a rose; rose-red; pink.: Example: [PAR] Dog-rose (n.): A common European wild rose, with single pink or white flowers.: Example: [PAR] Rose-rial (n.): A name of several English gold coins struck in different reigns and having having different values; a rose noble.: Example: [PAR] Rose-red (a.): Red as a rose; specifically (Zool.), of a pure purplish red color.: Example: [PAR] Provence rose (): The cabbage rose (Rosa centifolia).: Example: [PAR] Canker (n.): A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose.: Example: [PAR] Rose (v. t.): To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush.: Example: [PAR] Roseola (n.): A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often alternately fading and reviving; also, an acute specific disease which is characterized by an eruption of this character; -- called also rose rash.: Example: [PAR] Rose-colored (a.): Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or pleasing; alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations.: Example: [PAR] Rosette (n.): A rose burner. See under Rose.: Example: [PAR] Gelder-rose (n.): Same as Guelder-rose.: Example: [PAR] Rose-water (a.): Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice or delicate; sentimental.: Example: [PAR] Oleander (n.): A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe. Called also rosebay, rose laurel, and South-sea rose.: Example: [PAR] Roseo- (): A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red; specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-.: Example: [PAR] Rose-colored (a.): Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate pink color.: Example: [PAR] Canker bloom (): The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose.: Example: [PAR] Cup-rose (n.): Red poppy. See Cop-rose.: Example: [PAR] Roseate (a.): resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vitamin A and Night Blindness | LIVESTRONG.COM Vitamin A and Night Blindness | LIVESTRONG.COM [PAR] Vitamin A and Night Blindness [PAR] by MARTINA MCATEE [PAR] Last Updated: Sep 01, 2015 [PAR] Martina McAtee [PAR] Based in Florida, Martina McAtee has been writing health and fitness articles since 2003. She attended Keiser University, graduating with an Associate of Science in nursing. McAtee is currently working toward a master's degree in nursing from Florida Atlantic University. [PAR] Foods such as broccoli can help to prevent night blindness. Photo Credit Medioimages/Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images [PAR] Night blindness, or keratomalacia, means that a person has poor vision in dim light or at night. The National Institutes of Health lists night blindness as a rare disease, meaning that it commonly affects less than 200,000 people in the United States. One of the major causes of night blindness is a deficiency in vitamin A, also known as retinol. [PAR] Night Blindness [PAR] People with night blindness often have difficulty driving at night or seeing long distances in low light. The most common cause of night blindness is a vitamin A deficiency, but other disorders can cause the condition. Cataracts, birth defects, certain medications and a disease called retinitis pigmentosa, which causes retinal damage, can all cause night blindness, according to the National Institutes of Health. Symptoms of night blindness include loss of side or peripheral vision, loss of central vision, and decreased vision at night. [PAR] Vitamin A Deficiency [PAR] Vitamin A is essential for healthy growth and development. A vitamin A deficiency occurs most often in people who do not consume enough foods or supplements rich in vitamin A. Night blindness is often one of the first signs of a vitamin A deficiency, according to MayoClinic.com. Prolonged vitamin A deficiencies can lead to chronic dry eye and a buildup of keratin debris in the corners of the eye. Over time, people will experience retinal and corneal damage, leading to blindness. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Unfortunately, once night blindness sets in, there are very few treatment options. The National Institutes of Health explains that while some studies have suggested high levels of vitamin A can slow disease progression. However, these high dosages can also potentially damage the liver. Physicians and patients must weigh the risk of disease progression against the possibility of permanent liver damage. [PAR] Sources of Vitamin A [PAR] People can help to prevent a vitamin A deficiency and night blindness by consuming foods rich in vitamin A. Good sources of vitamin A include meat, milk, cheese, cream, liver, cod, kidney, and halibut. As these choices can often be high in fat, a good alternative is sources of beta carotene, a carotenoid that the body easily converts to vitamin A. [PAR] Good sources of beta carotene include dark green leafy vegetables, pink grapefruit, cantaloupe, squash, carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, apricots, spinach and broccoli. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that the more intense the color of the vegetable or fruit, the higher its amount of beta carotene. [PAR] Warnings [PAR] A Vitamin A deficiency is rare and, just as consuming too little vitamin A can cause health problems, so can consuming too much. Large doses of vitamin A can cause liver damage and birth defects. Infants and small children are more sensitive to vitamin A and should never be given vitamin A supplements without consulting a physician first. Ingesting large amounts of beta-carotene can affect skin pigmentation, causing the skin to turn orange or yellow. Skin color will return to normal once beta-carotene levels decrease. [PAR] Related Searches [PAR] Lose Weight. Feel Great Change"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tony Curtis - IMDb Tony Curtis - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack | Producer [PAR] Tony Curtis was born Bernard Schwartz, the eldest of three children of Helen (Klein) and Emanuel Schwartz, Jewish immigrants from Hungary. Curtis himself admits that while he had almost no formal education, he was a student of the \"school of hard knocks\" and learned from a young age that the only person who ever had his back was himself, so he ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 25 people [PAR] created 23 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 people [PAR] created 13 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 people [PAR] created 05 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 21 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 people [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Tony Curtis's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 18 wins & 18 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] Some Like It Hot Joe / Josephine / Shell Oil Junior [PAR] (1959) [PAR] The Defiant Ones John 'Joker' Jackson [PAR] (1958) [PAR] The Great Race The Great Leslie [PAR] (1965) [PAR] 1990 Thanksgiving Day (TV Movie) [PAR] Max Schloss [PAR] 1983 The Fall Guy (TV Series) [PAR] Joe O'Hara [PAR] 1978 The Users (TV Movie) [PAR] Randy Brent [PAR] 1958 Schlitz Playhouse (TV Series) [PAR] Charlie [PAR] 1963 The List of Adrian Messenger (performer: \"A Wand'ring Minstrel, I\") [PAR] 1959 Some Like It Hot (performer: \"Runnin' Wild\" (1922), \"Sugar Blues\" (1920), \"Some Like It Hot\" (1958), \"Sugar Blues - Runnin' Wild\" - uncredited) [PAR] 1954 So This Is Paris (performer: \"WAIT 'TIL PARIS SEES US\", \"THE TWO OF US\", \"IT'S REALLY UP TO YOU\", \"A DAME'S A DAME\", \"THREE BON VIVANTS\") [PAR] Hide [PAR] 1957 Sweet Smell of Success (executive producer - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] - La carrera del siglo (2013) ... (in memory of) [PAR] 2010 D\u00edas de cine (TV Series) (in memory of - 1 episode) [PAR] 1971 Norman Jewison, Film Maker (Documentary) (gratefully acknowledged assistance) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2010 Tony Curtis erz\u00e4hlt... (Documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007-2010 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008-2009 The One Show (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] - Episode #3.76 (2008) ... Himself - Guest [PAR] 2009 Timewatch (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself - Interviewee [PAR] 2008 Vivement dimanche (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 The View (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 2008 Il \u00e9tait une fois... (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 Shrink Rap (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 Le grand journal de Canal+ (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 60 Minutes (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 48 Hours (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2002-2006 Hollywood Greats (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 Jerry Lewis - K\u00f6nig der Kom\u00f6dianten (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 War Stories with Oliver North (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2006 The 50 Greatest Comedy Films (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 Hollywood Legenden (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2003 Playboy's 50th Anniversary Celebration (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1995-2003 Biography (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2002 Playboy: Inside the Playboy Mansion (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2001 The 100 Greatest Films (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2001 Wetten, dass..? (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2000 Playboy: The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fabric Stain Remover-Slogans | Slogans, Catch lines and ... Fabric Stain Remover-Slogans | Slogans, Catch lines and Tag lines [PAR] The stain remover section of any major store is filled with different formulas designed to remove [PAR] stains from your laundry. Stain removers can be a great asset to your cleaning solutions, tackling [PAR] everything from avocado to white out stains. World over, there are several brands in this product, with [PAR] features. [PAR] Vanish is a great brad in this category and the slogan is just simple and effective. [PAR] Trust Pink, forget stains."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Renin (Angiotensinogenase) - News Medical Renin (Angiotensinogenase) [PAR] Renin (Angiotensinogenase) [PAR] By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD [PAR] Renin, also called angiotensinogenase, is an enzyme involved in the renin\u2013angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates the body\u2019s water balance and blood pressure level. The system regulates the extracellular volume in the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid, as well as controlling constriction of the arteries and blood vessels. [PAR] Renin was first discovered by a physiology researchers Robert Tigerstedt and Per Bergman from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. They described and named the enzyme in 1898. The renin precursor protein is made up of 406 amino acids and possesses a pre- and a pro-segment made up of 20 and 46 amino acids, respectively. The mature form of the enzyme contains 340 amino acids and has a mass of 37 kDa. [PAR] This peptide hormone is secreted by the kidneys from specialized cells called granular cells found in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. The secretion of renin is stimulated by the following three factors: [PAR] When a fall in arterial blood pressure is detected by pressure sensitive receptors (baroreceptors) in the arterial vessels. [PAR] When a decrease in sodium chloride (salt) is detected in the kidney by the macula densa in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. [PAR] When sympathetic nervous system activity is detected through beta1 adrenergic receptors. [PAR] There are two cellular pathways involved in the secretion of renin: [PAR] Prorenin is secreted through a constitutive pathway [PAR] Renin is secreted through a regulated pathway"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] States of Germany - Maps of World Political Map of Germany | Germany States Map [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited,its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] Germany (German : Deutschlandkarte ) is a country in central Europe, bordered by Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France and Luxembourg to the southwest, and Belgium and the Netherlands to the northwest.German or the National Republic of Germany consists of 16States. In Germany these states are called Lander, which means singular Land. Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen are three prime states of the country; the other 13 states are called Flachenlander or area states. [PAR] Germany has a population of about 82 million, An important economic force in Europe, Germany has the largest economy in Europe and the fourth largest economy in the world. Thirty-seven Fortune Global 500 companies are headquartered in Germany, including many major car brands, like Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Volkswagen. [PAR] Germany is separated into sixteen states, or Lander, which are governed at the state level and subdivided into districts. Each state in Germany is headquartered in its capital city. Berlin is the capital of Germany. Bavaria is the largest state in Germany, making up the southeastern quadrant of the country. The most populous state in Germany is North Rhine-Westphalia, headquartered in Dusseldorf. [PAR] Like any other international federations, states of Germany also got the liability of representing themselves in the global platform. Among the five German states many disputed lands fall. These places are generally barren forests and hill areas; neither the Bavarian lakes are not the part of any municipality. According to the research made on 2005, January, still around 246 states andregionswere left unclaimed by the Government of Germany. [PAR] Must Explore German States"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birthday Horoscope May 24th Gemini, If your Birthday is May 24 Birthday Horoscope May 24th Gemini, If your Birthday is May 24 [PAR] Birthday Horoscope for May 24th [PAR] If your Birthday is May 24 and your Zodiac Sign is Gemini [PAR] Birthday Persona Profile [PAR] People born specifically on the 24th of May are imagined to be intellectual, persuasive and charming and a bit more flexible than most twins. The planet with astrological dominance on this particular day is Venus making you youthful, creative and an excellent communicator. If you have this birthday your high level of sociability gives you strong opinions and a love of sharing ideas. This can make you a little gossipy but with warmhearted intentions. Your quick thinking usually helps you make the most of opportunities and a good head for business. Individuals with a May the twenty fourth birthday are quite independent and although home loving and affectionate you are ordinarily cautious and reserved emotionally. Your incisive philosophical approach is accompanied by a fabulous sense of humor encouraging you to not be too serious. You like variety and interesting conversation and have a dislike of solitude, being in a rut or feeling in any way restricted. [PAR] Work and Finances [PAR] The working side of life is often of considerable importance to a person born on the twenty fourth of May. You need to feel useful and valued at work and will insist on choosing your own career direction so it is unlikely for you to just stumble into any sort of job. Your original creativity and extensive vocabulary are talents that you enjoy utilizing and may be reflected in your occupation decisions. You are generally adept at managing your finances and seem to prefer spending if it is not your money. Despite not being particularly driven by financial status you try to put something aside for a rainy day. [PAR] Personal Relationships [PAR] For a Gemini, the person born on the twenty fourth day of May is typically a true romantic who is usually flirty and full of charm. You tend to believe that life is too short and do not waste any time declaring your love when you feel you have found a soul mate. Sociable and attractive your pleasant manner gains you many admirers but in your youth you can be too fond of flirting and playing the field. In spite of this you ideally seek a lifelong lover. Companionship and an intimate link in communication are very important to you and so commonly essential requirements in a personal relationship. You crave a meeting of mind and body involving lots of eye contact and seduction from a partner to feel truly loved. You seem to get a lot of pleasure from both the giving and receiving of compliments but are inclined to be especially prone to the green eyed monster. [PAR] Health [PAR] Some illnesses experienced by those born on May 24th are due to your sometimes oversensitive nervous system. To keep your stress levels down and maintain healthiness you should try and avoid taking on too many things at once. It will also help if you get enough rest as a lack of deep sleep can soon show up giving you a dull pale complexion. People born on this day appear to adore food but have a natural attraction to sensible good for you foods and rarely overindulge or suffer stomach complaints. Exercise is something that you are not adverse to in order to keep fit but it has to normally include an element of fun. [PAR] Strengths"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seal | Define Seal at Dictionary.com Seal | Define Seal at Dictionary.com [PAR] SEAL [PAR] a member of the U.S. Navy\u2019s special operations forces. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Examples from the Web for seal [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] Mark Owen (the nom de plume for Matt Bissonnette) carefully recounts his life and career as a member of seal Team 6. [PAR] The Northern Iron George A. Birmingham [PAR] How rosy the cliffs of Otter and seal Harbor glow in the sunlight! [PAR] Days Off Henry Van Dyke [PAR] A good example is furnished by the seal of Robert Fitz Walter, of the second half of the century: woodcut 71, fig. 7. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for seal [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a device impressed on a piece of wax, moist clay, etc, fixed to a letter, document, etc, as a mark of authentication [PAR] 2. [PAR] a stamp, ring, etc, engraved with a device to form such an impression [PAR] 3. [PAR] a substance, esp wax, so placed over an envelope, document, etc, that it must be broken before the object can be opened or used [PAR] 4. [PAR] any substance or device used to close or fasten tightly [PAR] 5. [PAR] a material, such as putty or cement, that is used to close an opening to prevent the passage of air, water, etc [PAR] 6. [PAR] a small amount of water contained in the trap of a drain to prevent the passage of foul smells [PAR] 7. [PAR] an agent or device for keeping something hidden or secret [PAR] 8. [PAR] anything that gives a pledge or confirmation [PAR] 9. [PAR] a decorative stamp often sold in aid of charity [PAR] 10. [PAR] (RC Church) Also called seal of confession. the obligation never to reveal anything said by a penitent in confession [PAR] 11. [PAR] set one's seal on, set one's seal to [PAR] to mark with one's sign or seal [PAR] to endorse [PAR] to affix a seal to, as proof of authenticity [PAR] 13. [PAR] to stamp with or as if with a seal [PAR] 14. [PAR] to approve or authorize [PAR] 15. [PAR] (sometimes foll by up) to close or secure with or as if with a seal: to seal one's lips, seal up a letter [PAR] 16. [PAR] (foll by off) to enclose (a place) with a fence, wall, etc [PAR] 17. [PAR] (Mormon Church) to make (a marriage or adoption) perpetually binding [PAR] 19. [PAR] to subject (the outside of meat, etc) to fierce heat so as to retain the juices during cooking [PAR] 20. [PAR] to close tightly so as to render airtight or watertight [PAR] 21. [PAR] to paint (a porous material) with a nonporous coating [PAR] 22. [PAR] (Austral & NZ) to consolidate (a road surface) with bitumen, tar, etc [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] C13 seel, from Old French, from Latin sigillum little figure, from signum a sign [PAR] seal2 [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] any pinniped mammal of the families Otariidae (eared seals) and Phocidae (earless seals) that are aquatic but come on shore to breed See eared seal , earless seal related adjectives otarid phocine [PAR] 2. [PAR] any earless seal (family Phocidae), esp the common or harbour seal or the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) [PAR] 3. [PAR] (intransitive) to hunt for seals [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] seal-like, adjective [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] Old English seolh; related to Old Norse selr, Old High German selah, Old Irish selige tortoise [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French revolutionaries storm Bastille - HISTORY.com French revolutionaries storm Bastille - Jul 14, 1789 - HISTORY.com [PAR] French revolutionaries storm Bastille [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Parisian revolutionaries and mutinous troops storm and dismantle the Bastille, a royal fortress that had come to symbolize the tyranny of the Bourbon monarchs. This dramatic action signaled the beginning of the French Revolution , a decade of political turmoil and terror in which King Louis XVI was overthrown and tens of thousands of people, including the king and his wife Marie Antoinette, were executed. [PAR] The Bastille was originally constructed in 1370 as a bastide, or \u201cfortification,\u201d to protect the walled city of Paris from English attack. It was later made into an independent stronghold, and its name\u2013bastide\u2013was corrupted to Bastille. The Bastille was first used as a state prison in the 17th century, and its cells were reserved for upper-class felons, political troublemakers, and spies. Most prisoners there were imprisoned without a trial under direct orders of the king. Standing 100 feet tall and surrounded by a moat more than 80 feet wide, the Bastille was an imposing structure in the Parisian landscape. [PAR] By the summer of 1789, France was moving quickly toward revolution. There were severe food shortages in France that year, and popular resentment against the rule of King Louis XVI was turning to fury. In June, the Third Estate, which represented commoners and the lower clergy, declared itself the National Assembly and called for the drafting of a constitution. Initially seeming to yield, Louis legalized the National Assembly but then surrounded Paris with troops and dismissed Jacques Necker, a popular minister of state who had supported reforms. In response, mobs began rioting in Paris at the instigation of revolutionary leaders. [PAR] Bernard-Ren\u00e9 Jordan de Launay, the military governor of the Bastille, feared that his fortress would be a target for the revolutionaries and so requested reinforcements. A company of Swiss mercenary soldiers arrived on July 7 to bolster his garrison of 82 soldiers. The Marquis de Sade, one of the few prisoners in the Bastille at the time, was transferred to an insane asylum after he attempted to incite a crowd outside his window by yelling: \u201cThey are massacring the prisoners; you must come and free them.\u201d On July 12, royal authorities transferred 250 barrels of gunpowder to the Bastille from the Paris Arsenal, which was more vulnerable to attack. Launay brought his men into the Bastille and raised its two drawbridges. [PAR] On July 13, revolutionaries with muskets began firing at soldiers standing guard on the Bastille\u2019s towers and then took cover in the Bastille\u2019s courtyard when Launay\u2019s men fired back. That evening, mobs stormed the Paris Arsenal and another armory and acquired thousands of muskets. At dawn on July 14, a great crowd armed with muskets, swords, and various makeshift weapons began to gather around the Bastille. [PAR] Launay received a delegation of revolutionary leaders but refused to surrender the fortress and its munitions as they requested. He later received a second delegation and promised he would not open fire on the crowd. To convince the revolutionaries, he showed them that his cannons were not loaded. Instead of calming the agitated crowd, news of the unloaded cannons emboldened a group of men to climb over the outer wall of the courtyard and lower a drawbridge. Three hundred revolutionaries rushed in, and Launay\u2019s men took up a defensive position. When the mob outside began trying to lower the second drawbridge, Launay ordered his men to open fire. One hundred rioters were killed or wounded."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bittersweet Announcement of a New Beatrix Potter Book The Bittersweet Announcement of a New Beatrix Potter Book [PAR] The Bittersweet Announcement of a New Beatrix Potter Book [PAR] By [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Beatrix Potter\u2019s original illustration of Kitty-in-Boots. Credit Illustration Courtesy Frederick Warne Co. / the Victoria and Albert Museum [PAR] \u201cI do not draw cats well,\u201d Beatrix Potter complained to her publisher in 1916, at the age of fifty, after having been a celebrated author for more than a dozen years, with almost twenty published works to her name. She was rationalizing her abandonment of a half-completed work, \u201cThe Sly Old Cat,\u201d which she had begun a decade earlier. Posterity overruled Potter\u2019s misgivings: in 1971, \u201cThe Sly Old Cat\u201d was published, and it\u2019s included in the authorized edition of her complete works, given as \u201ca delightful example of the liveliness and spontaneity that characterized Potter\u2019s preliminary work.\u201d [PAR] Last week, Penguin Random House announced that it will publish another \u201clost\u201d Potter work about a cat: \u201cThe Tale of Kitty-in-Boots,\u201d which she had begun and abandoned two years earlier, in 1914. Several manuscripts of the story were discovered in 2013 in the Potter archive at the Victoria & Albert Museum by Jo Hanks, a publisher at Penguin Random House; the book is being published this fall to coincide with the hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of Potter\u2019s birth. [PAR] According to Penguin Random House, Potter\u2019s intention to publish the story is evident: the archive included a version that had been set in type, suggesting that its publication was once quite far along. In a letter to her publisher, Harold Warne, Potter characterized the principal character as \u201ca well-behaved black Kitty cat, who leads rather a double life, and goes out hunting with a little gun on moonlight nights, dressed up like puss in boots.\u201d Linda Lear, Potter\u2019s biographer, writes that Warne was lukewarm about the proposal, however, and suggests that this lack of enthusiasm led to Potter\u2019s abandonment of the book after she had completed only some sketches and had begun just one color illustration. This image, the projected frontispiece, shows a black, green-eyed cat wearing a hunting jacket, britches, and boots. In one paw, she is grasping a limp, indeterminate trophy\u2014a pheasant, perhaps\u2014while supporting a rifle with the other. [PAR] The image is sketchy-looking, but vigorous, and it suggests that if the book had been finished, Kitty-in-Boots would have been a worthy member of Potter\u2019s feline pantheon. So does the summary of the plot thus far released, which reveals that Kitty-in-Boots calls herself \u201cMiss Catherine Saint Quintin,\u201d that she sports a Norfolk jacket\u2014picture Lord Grantham\u2019s weekend wardrobe\u2014and wears fur-lined boots. (One can\u2019t help but wonder\u2014the fur of which animal?) Still more appealing is the fact that she enjoys being mistaken for a man\u2014as she is by Mrs. Tiggywinkle, who makes a cameo appearance. It may have taken a century for Kitty-in-Boots to surface, but there can be no better time than today, the age of \u201cTransparent,\u201d for a gender-binary-defying cat to materialize. [PAR] Potter included cats in many of her works, and the consistency of their characterization underlines her particular genius: the way in which she uses anthropomorphized creatures to examine human nature, while also maintaining a perceptive understanding of what makes animals irreducibly animal. The first Potter cat appears in her earliest book, \u201cThe Tale of Peter Rabbit.\u201d An unnamed white cat, she is observing some goldfish in the pond of Mr. McGregor\u2019s garden\u2014into which Peter has trespassed and inside which he is now trapped. The illustration shows the cat looking intently downward, the tip of her tail"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 5 | 1976: Callaghan is new prime minister BBC ON THIS DAY | 5 | 1976: Callaghan is new prime minister [PAR] 1976: Callaghan is new prime minister [PAR] Britain's new Prime Minister, James Callaghan, has arrived in Downing Street for his first day in office. [PAR] He returned from his audience with the Queen at Buckingham Palace to pose for photographs outside the door of Number 10 Downing Street with his wife Audrey. [PAR] Within hours, he made a televised address to the nation in which he promised a reforming government. However, he said, the future would not be easy. [PAR] \"There is no soft option,\" he said. \"I don't promise you any real easement for some time to come. [PAR] \"There can be no lasting improvement in your living standards until we can achieve it without going deeper and deeper into debt as a nation.\" [PAR] Leadership contest [PAR] He made it clear that he considered the control of inflation his first priority. Unemployment, he said, was also too high - but could not be tackled until inflation had been brought under control. [PAR] Mr Callaghan's appointment follows the surprise resignation of long-standing Labour leader and Prime Minister Harold Wilson last month. [PAR] The result of the two-week leadership contest was announced just after 1600 BST (1500 GMT) to a packed meeting of the Parliamentary Labour Party. [PAR] Mr Callaghan had beaten his main rival, Employment Secretary Michael Foot, by 176 votes to 137. [PAR] Cabinet appointments [PAR] During his speech of acceptance, he paid tribute to Harold Wilson, and then asked for the party to \"wipe the slate clean\" and stop inter-factional squabbling. [PAR] In particular he asked the Tribune and Manifesto splinter groups - representing the extreme left and right of the party - to give their first loyalty to Labour. [PAR] He confirmed Denis Healey would remain Chancellor, and said Mr Foot would have a cabinet role, although he did not say which. Other Cabinet reshuffles are expected later in the week. [PAR] The media has already dubbed Mr Callaghan \"Sailor Jim\" after he revealed he had served as an ordinary seaman in World War II, as well as \"Sunny Jim\" for his upbeat temperament. [PAR] He comes to Number Ten from the Foreign Office, where he has served for the last two years in the Wilson cabinet. [PAR] It is the third senior cabinet post he has held. As Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1964-1967, he was forced to devalue the pound, after which he resigned. [PAR] He then served as Home Secretary until Labour lost the general election in 1970.[DOC] [TLE] 1976: Prime Minister Harold Wilson resigns - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1976: Prime Minister Harold Wilson resigns [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1976: Prime Minister Harold Wilson resigns [PAR] Harold Wilson, Labour leader for 13 years and prime minister for almost eight, has stunned the political world by announcing his resignation. [PAR] Mr Wilson, who turned 60 five days ago, made his bombshell announcement to his Cabinet this morning. [PAR] I have not wavered in this decision and it is irrevocable [PAR] Harold Wilson [PAR] The news came after he had been to Buckingham Palace to inform the Queen, although it is understood he had already confided his plans to the Monarch last December. [PAR] Revealing he had taken the decision to resign two years ago, he said: \"I have not wavered in this decision and it is irrevocable.\" [PAR] Mr Wilson, who has served in Parliament"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elizabeth Woodville, The White Queen - Amazing Women In ... Elizabeth Woodville, The White Queen - Amazing Women In History [PAR] Amazing Women In History [PAR] Elizabeth Woodville, The White Queen [PAR] January 22, 2014 [PAR] 6 [PAR] 32 [PAR] In the 1400s Britain was embroiled in a civil war known as the Cousins War, or the Wars of the Roses. Most people remember the Kings and the many battles\u2026 but behind the scenes Elizabeth Woodville was always there, pulling strings to keep her children from harm and to bring them to greatness. With every turn she faced betrayal and danger as England\u2019s White Queen. [PAR] At around 1436 Jacquetta Woodville, wife to the Earl of Rivers, gave birth to a daughter named Elizabeth. Jacquetta was from the royal house of Burgundy and was close allies with King Henry VI and his wife Margaret of Anjou. She was a determined woman who wanted to make sure that her children had a powerful future ahead of them. When her daughter Elizabeth, the first of 14 children, was old enough she was sent to live with Lady Grey to learn how to become a lady and manage her own household. [PAR] In 1452 when Elizabeth was 15 she was married to the Grey\u2019s oldest son, John. A year after the wedding Elizabeth gave birth to a son named Thomas, and then to her second son Richard in 1457. Despite the happy start to Sir John and Elizabeth\u2019s marriage it would not last long. The country was at war with the Lancastrians (the reds) and the Yorks (the whites) fighting against each other for the crown. Both the Woodville family and the Greys were on the side of the Lancastrians\u2014the reds. [PAR] In the battle of St Albans in 1461 there was a white victory, where Elizabeth\u2019s father and brother had to plead for a pardon off the new King Edward IV. But her husband Sir John had died in battle. The Yorks took away Elizabeth\u2019s dower lands, leaving her sons with no inheritance, and Elizabeth was forced to move back to the family home in Grafton. [PAR] Elizabeth Woodville\u2019s husband, King Edward IV of England (courtesy Wikimedia Commons ) [PAR] Elizabeth was determined and strong willed\u2014she was not going down without a fight. In early 1464 Elizabeth went out with her sons and sat under an oak tree she knew the King would pass. When he did, Elizabeth stopped him and pleaded to have her lands back. The King was enchanted by Elizabeth\u2019s beauty, and became besotted with her. [PAR] In their negotiations to regain Elizabeth\u2019s land, Elizabeth refused to become the King\u2019s mistress. But King Edward was passionate about Elizabeth so he proposed. Elizabeth, also in love with Edward, accepted. Edward and Elizabeth married in 1464 not long after they first met, but it was not a grand occasion. In fact, the only people in attendance were a priest, Elizabeth\u2019s mother Jacquetta, and two ladies maids; no one else knew the marriage had taken place. It was only when Edward\u2019s closest advisor, Lord Warwick, suggested a proposal he had made with a French Princess that it was revealed Edward was married. Elizabeth was crowned 26 May 1465 as Queen of England. [PAR] The marriage was not well perceived by many. One person who hated the marriage was the King\u2019s mother, who hated Elizabeth as she was a Lancastrian commoner and not of her choosing. Lord Warwick also despised the marriage, having been publicly embarrassed when he had sought out a marriage contract on behalf of the French princess and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Xanthophobia - fear of the color yellow | Phobia Source Xanthophobia - fear of the color yellow | Phobia Source [PAR] Home \u00bb Phobia List [PAR] Xanthophobia \u2013 fear of the color yellow [PAR] Xanthophobia is an intense, irrational concern of the colour yellow. While, at first glance, this may seem like a foolish fear, it is rather real to the people impacted by this phobia. In its excessive form, the xanthophobic person may additionally feel an overwhelming fear of even the phrase yellow. Xanthophobia derives from the Greek word \u201cxanthous\u201d, meaning yellow and \u201cphobos\u201d which means fear. [PAR] What triggers xanthophobia? [PAR] Like all fears and phobias, xanthophobia is created by the unconscious thoughts as a protective mechanism. At some point in your past, there was likely an occasion linking the color yellow or the word yellow and emotional trauma. Whilst the unique catalyst could have been a real-life scare of some kind, the condition will also be triggered by myriad, benign events like movies, TV, or perhaps seeing someone else experience trauma. [PAR] But as long as the negative affiliation is highly effective enough, the unconscious thoughts thinks: \u201cAhh, this complete thing is very dangerous. How do I preserve myself from getting in this sort of situation again? I know, I\u2019ll connect terrible feelings to the colour yellow or the word yellow, that method I\u2019ll steer clear in future and so be safe.\u201d Just like that xanthophobia is born. Attaching feelings to situations is likely one of the primary ways that humans learn. Sometimes we just get the wiring wrong. [PAR] The actual phobia manifests itself in numerous ways. Some sufferers experience it nearly all the time, others just in response to direct stimuli. Everyone has their very own unique formulation for when and the way to feel bad.[DOC] [TLE] Xanthophobia \u2013 Crochet With the Lovely and Likable Lucy Xanthophobia | Recovery Along Route 66 [PAR] Recovery Along Route 66 [PAR] On A Fabulous Journey. Join me. [PAR] Xanthophobia [PAR] Posted on April 28, 2015 [PAR] Today is brought to you by the letter \u201cX.\u201d Your first instinct, when you hear about today\u2019s subject matter, might be to laugh, but I urge you not to. It\u2019s a very serious matter, and I think, if we suffered with it, we would not be laughing, not one bit. [PAR] Xanthophobia is an intense, irrational fear of the color yellow. It is very real to the person or persons impacted by this phobia. Taken to its extreme, the xanthophobic person may even feel an overwhelming fear of the very word yellow. Xanthophobia comes from the Greek word \u201cXanthous\u201d, meaning yellow and \u201cphobos\u201d which means fear. [PAR] Just like all fears and phobias, xanthophobia is created by unconscious thoughts as protection. At some point in the person\u2019s past, something probably happened bringing together the color or word yellow and emotional trauma, like PTSD. This might have been a real life scare, but this condition can also be triggered by movies, TV, or seeing someone else experience trauma. The person attaches negative feelings to any situation where the color or word yellow is present, and therefore xanthophobia is born. [PAR] I really understand this. I have a thing about escalators (I\u2019m sure there\u2019s a name for that particular phobia). I will avoid them whenever possible. When it\u2019s not possible, it takes me about a half hour to make myself step on. But think about it. They\u2019re actually dangerous. People have been hurt on them before. They\u2019re not very safe. Some people walk up them instead of holding still, so they\u2019re inconsistent."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] We Love Rugby :: History We Love Rugby :: History [PAR] [PAR] History [PAR] Rugby Union's Bledisloe Cup is contested between Australia's Wallabies and New Zealand's All Blacks. It is named after Lord Bledisloe, the Governor-General of New Zealand who donated the trophy in 1931. [PAR] There is some conjecture as to when the first Bledisloe Cup match was played. The Australian Rugby Union contends that the one-off 1931 match played at Eden Park was first. However, no firm evidence has been produced to support this claim, and the New Zealand Rugby Football Union believes that the first match was when New Zealand toured Australia in 1932. [PAR] Between 1931 and 1981 it was contested irregularly in the course of rugby tours between the two countries. New Zealand won it 19 times and Australia 4 times in this period. [PAR] In the years 1982 to 1995, it was contested annually, sometimes as a series of three matches and other times in a single match. During these years New Zealand won it 11 times and Australia 3 times. [PAR] Since 1996, the cup has been contested as part of the annual Tri Nations tournament. The Tri Nations brings South Africa in as the third team. Until 1998 the cup was contested in a three match series: the two Tri Nations matches between these sides and an additional third match. New Zealand won these series in 1996 and 1997, and Australia won it in 1998. During this three year period, with the 1998 the exception, dead rubbers weren\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt contested. [PAR] Since 1999 the third match has not been played. This means the two matches in which Australia and New Zealand play each other as part of the Tri Nations determines who wins the Bledisloe Cup. If each team wins one of these games, or if the holder wins one game and the other is drawn, or if both games are drawn, the cup is retained by its current holder. [PAR] The non-holder must win the two games 2-0 or 1-0 (with a draw) to regain the Cup. A criticism of this system is that with the evenness of both sides, years where each team wins one game has been very common (1999, 2000, 2002, 2004). In these years, many rugby fans were unhappy to see the trophy go to a team that merely drew the series. [PAR] From 2006 onwards, the Bledisloe Cup will once again be played for over a three match series. This is because the Tri-Nations has been lengthened from each of New Zealand, Australia and South Africa playing each other twice, to three times. This will ensure that in most seasons, a clear winner of the Bledisloe Cup will be found. [PAR] If the All Blacks and Wallabies play each other in a non-Tri-Nations game (e.g. they are drawn to play each other at a World Cup), the Bledisloe Cup is not on offer. [PAR] v1.1 \u00a9 2017 - WALLABYTRAVEL.COM[DOC] [TLE] Tri Nations Bledisloe Cup - Australia v ... - Rugby Union Odds Bledisloe Cup Results | Australia v New Zealand Betting | Rugby Union Tri Nations Fixtures [PAR] Bledisloe Cup [PAR] Tri Nations Bledisloe Cup - Australia v New Zealand [PAR] The Bledisloe Cup is a trophy awarded to the winner of games between Australia and New Zealand. Matches between the two sides for which the trophy was contested dates back to the early 1930's and has taken many formats over the years, often as one off tests at irregular intervals until 1982 when the Bledisloe Cup became an annual affair between the All Blacks"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In the Heat of the Night (1967) - IMDb In the Heat of the Night (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] In the Heat of the Night ( 1967 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] An African American police detective is asked to investigate a murder in a racially hostile southern town. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Stirling Silliphant (screenplay), John Ball (based on a novel by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 08 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 24 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 35 images [PAR] created 24 Jun 2015 [PAR] Title: In the Heat of the Night (1967) [PAR] 8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 17 wins & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] A pair of NYC cops in the Narcotics Bureau stumble onto a drug smuggling job with a French connection. [PAR] Director: William Friedkin [PAR] The World War II phase of the career of the controversial American general, George S. Patton . [PAR] Director: Franklin J. Schaffner [PAR] A naive hustler travels from Texas to New York to seek personal fortune but, in the process, finds himself a new friend. [PAR] Director: John Schlesinger [PAR] A couple's attitudes are challenged when their daughter introduces them to her African American fianc\u00e9. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kramer [PAR] A traveling handyman becomes the answer to the prayers of nuns who wish to build a chapel in the desert. [PAR] Director: Ralph Nelson [PAR] The story of Thomas More, who stood up to King Henry VIII when the King rejected the Roman Catholic Church to obtain a divorce and remarriage. [PAR] Director: Fred Zinnemann [PAR] The desperate life of a chronic alcoholic is followed through a four-day drinking bout. [PAR] Director: Billy Wilder [PAR] Two youngsters from rival New York City gangs fall in love, but tensions between their respective friends build toward tragedy. [PAR] Directors: Jerome Robbins, Robert Wise [PAR] Stars: Natalie Wood, George Chakiris, Richard Beymer [PAR] The rise and fall of a corrupt politician, who makes his friends richer and retains power by dint of a populist appeal. [PAR] Director: Robert Rossen [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] An ex-prize fighter turned longshoreman struggles to stand up to his corrupt union bosses. [PAR] Director: Elia Kazan [PAR] Two escaped convicts chained together, white and black, must learn to get along in order to elude capture. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kramer [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Detective Virgil Tibbs is caught up in the racial tension of the US South when he is arrested after the murder of a prominent businessman. Tibbs was simply waiting for his next train at the station in Sparta, Mississippi and the confusion is soon resolved but when local police chief Gillespie learns that Tibbs is the Philadelphia PD's number one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emmerdale - Emmerdale Wiki - Wikia Emmerdale | Emmerdale Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] This article is about the series. For the fictional street and main setting of the soap, see Emmerdale (village) . [PAR] Emmerdale title caption. [PAR] Emmerdale, known as Emmerdale Farm until 1989 , is a popular and critically acclaimed long-running British soap opera that has been broadcast on ITV since 1972 . It is set in the fictional village of Emmerdale (known as Beckindale until 1994) in the Yorkshire Dales, England and was created by Kevin Laffan with a former series producer, Steve November , serving as Executive Producer from January 2009, succeeding Keith Richardson , who had overseen the soap for 24 years. [PAR] The series is produced by ITV Studios in Yorkshire and broadcast on the ITV network and was first broadcast on 16 October 1972. It was originally conceived and broadcast as a daytime programme in an afternoon slot, becoming an early evening programme in 1978 in most ITV regions, but excluding London and Anglia, both of which followed in the mid-1980s. Until Christmas 1988, Emmerdale took seasonal breaks; since then it has been broadcast year-round. [PAR] Emmerdale is shown every weekday at 7pm with an extra Thursday episode being aired at 8pm (beginning 23 July 2009). Episodes are first broadcast on ITV1. Every episode lasts around 30 minutes (including commercials); without adverts the total time of footage averages to around 22 minutes per episode. Repeat episodes and the omnibus of the show can be seen on ITV2 . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The basic premise of Emmerdale Farm was very similar to the BBC radio soap opera The Archers \u2013 focusing on a family, a farm and characters in a nearby village. [PAR] The farmyard filming techniques of Emmerdale Farm were originally modelled on the revolutionary soap-opera The Riordans, made by RT\u00c9, Ireland's broadcaster, from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1970s. The Riordans broke new ground for soap operas by being filmed largely out of doors (on a farm owned in the storyline by Tom and Mary Riordan) rather than the usual practice of British and American soap operas, of shooting almost completely in studios (where 'outdoor' scenes were sometimes filmed indoors). The Riordans pioneered farmyard location shooting with real farm animals and actors driving tractors. In the 1960s and 1970s, outdoor filming of television programmes using OBUs (Outdoor Broadcast Units) was in its infancy due to the far higher costs involved and the reliance on things like the weather that were out of the control of the programme makers. [PAR] The success of The Riordans showed that a soap opera could be filmed largely out of doors. Yorkshire Television sent people to The Riordans set in County Meath, Ireland to see the making of the programme at first hand. [PAR] Businesses [PAR] Take A Vow - co-owned by Leyla Harding and Megan Sharma . Run by Leyla Harding. [PAR] Series backstory [PAR] Edit [PAR] The Miffield estate was the biggest employer in the village of Beckindale \u2013 situated 39 miles (63 km) from Bradford and Template:Convert from Leeds. Lord Miffield gave the lease of Emmerdale Farm on the edge of the village to the Sugden family in the 1850s out of gratitude after Josh Sugden sacrificed his life for the Earl's son in the Crimean War. [PAR] Josh's grandson Joseph married Margaret Oldroyd and they had a son Jacob in January 1916. In the 1930s, the young Jacob Sugden supposedly purchased Emmerdale Farm for his family. In 1945 he married Annie Pearson \u2013 daughter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Ballad of Reading Gaol | Academy of American Poets The Ballad of Reading Gaol - Poems | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox [PAR] sign up [PAR] poem [PAR] About this poet [PAR] Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, on October 16, 1854. His father, William Wilde, was a surgeon, and his mother, Jane Francesca Wilde, published poetry under the name Speranza. Wilde attended Trinity College, Dublin, from 1871 to 1874 and Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1874 to 1878. At Oxford, he received the Newdigate Prize for his long poem Ravenna (T. Shrimpton and Son, 1878). He also became involved in the aesthetic movement, advocating for the value of beauty in art. [PAR] After graduating from Oxford, Wilde moved to London to pursue a literary career. He published his first full-length book of poetry, Poems (Roberts Brothers), in 1881. In 1884 he married Constance Lloyd, and together they had two children. In 1888 he published his first work of prose, The Happy Prince, and Other Tales (D. Nutt, 1888). [PAR] Wilde is perhaps best known for his plays, including An Ideal Husband (L. Smithers, 1899) and The Importance of Being Earnest (E. Matthews and John Lane, 1899), both first performed in 1895. He is also the author of several fairy tales, critical essays, and other works of prose, as well as the iconic novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (Ward, Lock and Co., 1891). [PAR] George Bernard Shaw writes, \u201cIn a certain sense Mr. Wilde is to me our only thorough playwright. He plays with everything: with wit, with philosophy, with drama, with actors and audience, with the whole theatre.\u201d [PAR] During the 1890s, Wilde faced three criminal and civil trials involving his relationship with the poet Lord Alfred Douglas. In 1895 he was found guilty of \u201cgross indecency,\u201d and he was imprisoned in Reading Gaol from 1895 to 1897. The Ballad of Reading Gaol (L. Smithers), a long poem describing the horrors Wilde faced in prison, was published in 1898 under the pseudonym C. 3. 3., his former cell number. [PAR] Wilde died of acute meningitis in Paris, France, on November 30, 1900. [PAR] Selected Bibliography [PAR] The Ballad of Reading Gaol (L. Smithers, 1898) [PAR] The Sphinx (E. Matthews and John Lane, 1894) [PAR] Poems (Roberts Brothers, 1881) [PAR] Ravenna (T. Shrimpton and Son, 1878) [PAR] Prose [PAR] De Profundis (G. P. Putnam\u2019s Sons, 1905) [PAR] The Rise of Historical Criticism (Sherwood Press, 1905) [PAR] Epigrams & Aphorisms (J. W. Luce, 1905) [PAR] The Soul of Man Under Socialism (Chiswick Pess, 1895) [PAR] Intentions (Mead and Co., 1894) [PAR] The Picture of Dorian Gray (Ward, Lock and Co., 1891) [PAR] The Happy Prince, and Other Tales (D. Nutt, 1888) [PAR] Drama [PAR] The Plays of Oscar Wilde (J. W. Luce & Co., 1905) [PAR] An Ideal Husband (L. Smithers, 1899) [PAR] The Importance of Being Earnest (L. Smithers, 1899) [PAR] A Woman of No Importance (E. Matthews and John"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - iWonder - Charles Darwin: Evolution and the story of ... BBC - iWonder - Charles Darwin: Evolution and the story of our species [PAR] Charles Darwin: Evolution and the story of our species [PAR] 12 Feb 1809 [PAR] 19 April 1882Darwin dies [PAR] The man who struggled with his own ideas [PAR] Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection made us rethink our place in the world. The idea that humans shared a common ancestor with apes was a challenge to the foundations of western civilisation. [PAR] Darwin kept silent for 20 years before going public and was only half joking when he described writing his book 'On the Origin of Species' as 'like confessing a murder'. This is the story of one man\u2019s struggle with the most radical idea of all time. [PAR] 12 Feb 1809 [PAR] Born into a free-thinking family [PAR] Both of Darwin's grandfathers belonged to the 'Lunar Society': a group of industrialists and Natural Philosophers [PAR] Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, the fifth of six children of wealthy and well-connected parents. [PAR] The young Charles had a quietly Christian upbringing, but his family life was one of openness to new ideas. His grandfathers had both been important figures of the Enlightenment: Josiah Wedgewood, industrialist and anti-slavery campaigner, and Erasmus Darwin, a doctor whose book \u2018Zoonomia\u2019 had set out a radical and highly controversial idea - that one species could 'transmute' into another. [PAR] Would it be too bold to imagine, that all warm-blooded animals have arisen from one living filament...? [PAR] Darwin's grandfather Erasmus Darwin, from his 1794 book 'Zoonomia' [PAR] 1825 [PAR] New ideas in Edinburgh [PAR] Edinburgh University as Darwin would have known it [PAR] Following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, Darwin secured a place at Edinburgh University to study medicine. [PAR] He did not make a good medic. This was long before anaesthetic, and Darwin found the brutal techniques of surgery too stomach-churning to handle. But there was an upside. Edinburgh was one of the best places in Britain to study science. It attracted free thinkers with radical opinions that would not have been tolerated in Oxford and Cambridge. Among other things, Darwin heard speakers talk about the latest theories of transmutation, as evolution was then known. [PAR] Collecting beetles in Cambridge [PAR] Darwin was an avid collector of beetles [PAR] Abandoning plans to be a doctor, Darwin now considered a career in the Church. Aged 18, he went to study Divinity at Cambridge. [PAR] Though he held fairly conventional beliefs in God, Darwin wasn't particularly keen on this new direction. But training to be a clergyman meant he had plenty of time to pursue his real passion: biology. He spent much of his time collecting beetles and walking on the Fens. He graduated in 1831 but before he could take a job as a cleric, the chance of a lifetime would come his way. [PAR] I saw two rare beetles and seized one in each hand; then I saw a third\u2026 I popped the one which I held in my right hand into my mouth. [PAR] Charles Darwin describes his Cambridge years in his autobiography [PAR] 1831 [PAR] Setting sail around the world [PAR] HMS Beagle was Darwin's home for five years [PAR] Darwin\u2019s tutor at Cambridge recommended him as a \u2018gentleman naturalist\u2019 on a voyage around the world on HMS Beagle. Darwin jumped at the chance. [PAR] Over the following five years, Darwin visited four continents, spending much of his time on land collecting specimens and investigating the local"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Greatest Orators Provide Groundwork for Today\u2019s ... Top 10 Greatest Orators Provide Groundwork for Today\u2019s Motivational Speakers | Eagles Talent Speakers Bureau [PAR] Eagles Talent Speakers Bureau [PAR] Advanced Search Select and Show Results [PAR] Must Have: [PAR] Posted on May 17, 2011 by Sheldon Senek [PAR] As a Speakers Bureau , Eagles Talent has the expertise in identifying top motivational speakers . We understand all the tangibles needed to be a successful speaker. Below, we study some of the most influential speakers (from ancient history to today) and note the common thread that makes professional keynote speakers successful. If there\u2019s one thing that hasn\u2019t changed in speaking, it\u2019s the mission of a presenter: create positive change (through content, inspiration, or entertainment). [PAR] [PAR] Pericles [PAR] (495 \u2013 429 BC) [PAR] His famed Funeral Oration is significant because it departed from the typical formula of Athenian funeral speeches, and instead was a glorification of Athens\u2019 achievements designed to stir the spirits of a nation at war. A noted speaker before this speech, Pericles essentially redefined the public speech. [PAR] David Trumble is a well-respected artist who is an out-of-the-box thinker (like Pericles was) and speaker. He approaches topics, like his art, from a unique point of view\u2013which makes us redefine our lives (personally and professionally). [PAR] [PAR] Demosthenes [PAR] (384\u2013322 BC) [PAR] After conquering his stuttering affliction, Demosthenes begins a lengthy process of studying the speeches of previous Greek orators, including Pericles. In his most famous speech as an official orator of Greece, he warns against Philip \u2013 the Macedonian king and father of Alexander the Great \u2013 as he sets out to conquer Greece. Three orations against Philip, known as the Philippics, were so heated and bitter that today a severe speech denouncing someone is called a Philippic. [PAR] [PAR] While we won\u2019t provide a speaker who denounces someone, it\u2019s good to point out the speakers who can be philosophical and predict what our future looks like. An example of this is Mike Walsh (futurist speaker). [PAR] [PAR] Winston Churchill [PAR] (1874 \u20131965) [PAR] As a young army officer stationed in India in 1897 Churchill wrote: \u201cOf all the talents bestowed upon men, none is so precious as the gift of oratory.\u201d And he never forgot it. [PAR] His speeches in 1940 at the outset of World War II cemented his reputation as one of the greatest orators in history. In an effort to boost public moral during the war, Churchill delivered one of his most stirring speeches to Parliament on June 18, 1940. [PAR] Referring to Hitler and the looming Nazi threat, Churchill laid out the facts in the clearest of manners. \u201cIf we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free . . . But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States . . . will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, \u2018This was their finest hour.\u2019\u201d Wow! [PAR] [PAR] While Churchill boosted public moral, Mike Abrashoff , was the Commander of the USS Benfold, where he turned a sub-performing ship to one of the best in the fleet. [PAR] [PAR] Mohandas Gandhi [PAR] (1869 \u20131948) [PAR] The Quit India speech made by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8, 1942 called for a determined but passive resistance against England\u2019s continued occupation of the country. [PAR] The speech is considered a masterful work for both its ability to motivate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] hemisphere - National Geographic Society hemisphere - National Geographic Society [PAR] hemisphere [PAR] Representations of the Eastern Hemisphere are dominated by Africa, Asia, and the Indian Ocean. [PAR] Map by National Geographic [PAR] Internal Hemisphere [PAR] The word \"hemisphere\" is usually used to refer to halves of the Earth, but it is also used to identify the halves of the brain. The brain is divided down the middle into the right and left hemispheres. Each brain hemisphere is considered to be specialized for certain behaviors. For example, the right hemisphere of the brain controls muscles on the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere of the brain controls muscles on the right side of the body. The left side of the brain is also dominant for language skills, mathematical calculations, and logic. The right side of the brain is dominant for visual imagery, music, and face recognition. [PAR] Any circle drawn around the Earth divides it into two equal halves called hemisphere s. There are generally considered to be four hemispheres: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western. [PAR] The Equator , or line of 0 degrees latitude, divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The Northern Hemisphere contains North America, the northern part of South America, Europe, the northern two-thirds of Africa, and most of Asia. The Southern Hemisphere contains most of South America, one-third of Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and some Asian islands. [PAR] There are differences in the climates of the Northern and Southern hemispheres because of the Earth's seasonal tilt toward and away from the sun. In the Northern Hemisphere, the warmer summer months are from June through September. In the Southern Hemisphere, summer begins in December and ends in March. [PAR] The Earth can also be divided into hemispheres along meridians, or lines of longitude . The prime meridian , or 0 degrees longitude, and the International Date Line , 180 degrees longitude, divide the Earth into Eastern and Western hemispheres. Many geographers consider the 20 degree west line of longitude and the 160 degree east line of longitude as the Eastern and Western hemispheres. This calculation is made so that Africa and Europe are not split. [PAR] The idea of Eastern and Western hemispheres has become politically and historically significant since European nations began colonizing North America and South America. In this context , the Eastern Hemisphere is sometimes called the \" Old World ,\" and the Western Hemisphere is called the \" New World .\" However, the Western Hemisphere is a purely geographic term and should not be confused with other mentions of the \"western\" world, which is often used to describe parts of Europe, North America and other world regions that share some economic, social, and cultural values. [PAR] Term [PAR] to establish control of a foreign land and culture. [PAR] context [PAR] set of facts having to do with a specific event or situation. [PAR] dominant [PAR] Earth [PAR] Noun [PAR] our planet, the third from the Sun. The Earth is the only place in the known universe that supports life. [PAR] Eastern Hemisphere [PAR] Noun [PAR] area of the Earth east of the prime meridian and west of the International Date Line. [PAR] Equator [PAR] International Date Line [PAR] Noun [PAR] line of longitude at roughly 180 degrees. East of this line is one day earlier than west. [PAR] latitude [PAR] half of the brain that dominates language skills, mathmatical calculations, and logic. [PAR] logic [PAR] system of scientific or researched reason. [PAR] longitude [PAR] line of longitude, dividing the Earth by north-south. [PAR] muscle [PAR] tissue"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Pielinen | lake, Finland | Britannica.com Lake Pielinen | lake, Finland | Britannica.com [PAR] Lake Pielinen [PAR] Lake Geneva [PAR] Lake Pielinen, Finnish Pielisj\u00e4rvi, lake located in eastern Finland , near the border with Russia . The lake is approximately 60 mi (100 km) long between the towns of Nurmes and Uimaharju and ranges from 1 to 25 mi (1.5 to 40 km) in width. Its area is 335 sq mi (868 sq km). Lake Pielinen has many islands and is drained southward into the large Saimaa lake system by the Pielis River. It is surrounded by dense forests, particularly on its scenic and rugged western shore, which is capped by Koli hill; the latter rises to a height of 1,138 ft (347 m) and is the centre of an important winter-sports area. There is a ferry service on the lake during summer and an ice-road during winter. [PAR] Sunset on Lake Pielinen, Fin. [PAR] Paul Lenz [PAR] Finland [PAR] country located in northern Europe. Finland is one of the world\u2019s most northern and geographically remote countries and is subject to a severe climate. Nearly two-thirds of Finland is blanketed by thick woodlands, making it the most densely forested country in Europe. Finland also forms a... [PAR] Lake Saimaa [PAR] lake in southeastern Finland. It lies just northwest of the Russian border and is northeast of Helsinki. It has an area of 443 sq mi (1,147 sq km) and is the primary lake in the Great Saimaa lake system, which, at 1,690 sq mi (4,377 sq km), is the largest system in Finland. The lake\u2019s two... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: September 07, 2006 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Pielinen [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] gramen - Free definitions by Babylon gramen - Free definitions by Babylon [PAR] gramen [PAR] gramen, graminis [PAR] n. n. grass, turf; herb; plant; [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Babylon translation saves me so much time. Everything I need is in one place without opening new windows or loading other programs. [PAR] Alicia, Spain [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1997-2014 Babylon Ltd. All Rights Reserved to Babylon Translation Software [PAR] The free version of Babylon is for private use only. For commercial or business use please click here"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marriage and Weddings in the UK - British Culture ... Marriage and Weddings in the UK - British Culture - British Customs and Traditions in May [PAR] Ringbearer - an attendant, often a young boy, who carries the wedding rings. [PAR] Ushers - helpers, usually men, who assist with the organization. [PAR] For the groom:- [PAR] Best man - a close male friend or relative of the groom, given a place of honour. [PAR] Groomsmen - one or more male attendants who support the groom. [PAR] For the bride:- [PAR] Maid of honour - a close female friend or relative of the bride, given a place of honour. If she is married, she is called the \"matron of honour\" instead. [PAR] Bridesmaids - one or more female attendants who support the bride. [PAR] Father of the Bride - One who symbolically \"gives away\" the bride. If her father is deceased or otherwise unavailable, another male relative, often an uncle or brother, will give the bride away. [PAR] Flower girl - a young girl who scatters flowers in front of the bridal party. [PAR] Junior Bridesmaids - young girl typically between the ages of 8 and 16 who is too old to be a flowergirl, but the bride wants to be a part of the wedding. [PAR] Wedding guests are generally sent invitations to which they are expected to reply (rsvp). The guests are generally invited to both the wedding and the wedding reception afterwards, although sometimes reception places are limited. Often certain people are invited due to perceived family obligations, as to not receive an invitation can be considered an insult. [PAR] The Wedding Ceremony [PAR] A bride's wedding day is often touted as \"the happiest day of her life\", but in all honesty it's often a very stressful experience as there are lots of conventions surrounding the whole thing and you can get caught up in family rows, and trying to please everyone. Still it's a good test of a couple's fortitude. [PAR] When the guests arrive for a wedding the ushers' duty is to hand out the correct books, flowers and the order of service, they also ensure the guests are seated in the correct places. Traditionally, the side on which people sit depends on whether they are friends or family of the bride or of the groom. The front rows are generally reserved for close family or friends, with the very first seats reserved for the bridal party. However, in many ceremonies the bridal party will remain standing at the altar during the ceremony along with the bride and groom. [PAR] The groom and his best man wait inside the church for the arrival of the bride and her \"entourage\". [PAR] This entourage generally arrives in elegant cars or in horse-drawn coaches, specially hired for the occasion. The bride's entourage normally consists of the bride, the bride's father and all the various bridesmaids, maids of honour, sometimes flower girls and page boys attend her. The page boy's task is often to carry the wedding rings on a cushion. [PAR] The ushers and/or groomsmen escort the grandparents of the bride and groom to their seats. [PAR] The ushers and/or groomsmen escort the mother of the groom and mother of the bride to their seats. [PAR] The bridesmaids enter, escorted by the groomsmen. [PAR] The maid or matron of honour enters, either by herself or escorted by the best man. [PAR] The ringbearer or page boy enters. [PAR] The flower girl enters. (In some ceremonies, the ringbearer will accompany the flower girl.) [PAR] The bride then proceeds"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson | Unofficial ... Wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson | Unofficial Royalty [PAR] Wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson [PAR] by Susan Flantzer [PAR] Learn More About Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson [PAR] Prince Andrew\u2019s Family [PAR] HRH Prince Andrew Albert Christian Edward was born February 19, 1960 at Buckingham Palace, London. Andrew was the third child of Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, born HRH Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. Elizabeth was the elder daughter and the first of two children of King George VI and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who was the youngest daughter and the ninth of ten children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Philip\u2019s father was HRH Prince Andrew of Greece, the son of King George I of Greece (formerly Prince William of Denmark) and Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia. His mother was Her Serene Highness Princess Alice of Battenberg. Alice was the daughter of Prince Louis of Battenberg and Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. During World War I, when King George V ordered his family to relinquish their German styles and titles, Prince Louis became the Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven. Princess Victoria\u2019s mother was Princess Alice, a daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Therefore, Andrew\u2019s parents are both great great grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. [PAR] Andrew has two older siblings Prince Charles, born on November 14, 1948 and Princess Anne, born on August 15, 1950. When his mother became Queen on February 6, 1952, her duties as Queen postponed additions to the family. Prince Andrew was born eight years later and the youngest child in the family, Prince Edward, was born on March 10, 1964. [PAR] On his wedding day, July 23, 1986, Andrew was created Duke of York, the traditional title of the second son of the monarch, along with the subsidiary titles, Earl of Inverness, and Baron Killyleagh. These titles were also held by his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and his maternal great grandfather, King George V, both of whom were second sons of monarchs. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth\u2019s children have been unlucky in marriage. Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson separated on March 19, 1992 and divorced on May 30, 1996. The couple remains on friendly terms and Sarah, no longer HRH The Duchess of York, uses the style of a divorced duchess, Sarah, Duchess of York. Charles and Diana, The Prince and Princess of Wales, separated in December, 1992 and divorced in August, 1996. Exactly a year later, Diana, Princess of Wales tragically died in a car accident in Paris. In 1974, Princess Anne married Mark Phillips, a Lieutenant in the 1st Queen\u2019s Dragoon Guards, but the couple separated in 1989 and divorced in 1992. Princess Anne married again in 1992 to Timothy Laurence, then a Commander in the Royal Navy. Prince Edward has been the most stable of the Queen\u2019s children as far as marriage is concerned. In 1999, he married Sophie Rhys-Jones, then a public relations manager with her own firm, and that marriage still continues as does Princess Anne\u2019s marriage to Timothy Laurence. In 2005, Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles with whom he had a romantic relationship before and during his marriage. [PAR] Sarah Ferguson\u2019s Family [PAR] Sarah and her sister Jane [PAR] Sarah Margaret Ferguson was born on October 15, 1959 in the Marylebone section of London. Her father was Major Ronald Ferguson, the son of Andrew Ferguson and Marian Montagu-Douglas-Scott, a first cousin of Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Man of La Mancha (1972) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb Man of La Mancha (1972) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb [PAR] Man of La Mancha (1972) [PAR] (television play \"I, Don Quixote\") (uncredited) [PAR] Cast (in credits order) verified as complete [PAR] Create a character page for: [PAR] Create \u00bb [PAR] assistant to costume designer (as Sibylla Ulsamer) [PAR] Editorial Department [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 12 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 05 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 1 week ago [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) A Monstrous Giant Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) A Monstrous Giant [PAR] You will receive an email shortly to confirm your email address. [PAR] Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) A Monstrous Giant [PAR] title details and video sharing options [PAR] now playing [PAR] Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) A Monstrous Giant [PAR] Fully into their fictional roles for the first time, Peter O'Toole (as Don Quixote) and James Coco (as Sancho Panza) in their defining assault on a windmill, in Man Of La Mancha, 1972, directed by Arthur Hiller. [PAR] View the TCMDb entry for Man of La Mancha (1972) [PAR] share video [PAR] Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) A... [PAR] Fully into their fictional roles for the first time, Peter... [PAR] Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) A Monstrous Giant [PAR] Fully into their fictional roles for the first time, Peter O'Toole (as Don Quixote) and James Coco (as Sancho Panza) in their defining assault on a windmill, in Man Of La Mancha, 1972, directed by Arthur Hiller.> [PAR] Man of La Mancha - (Original Trailer) [PAR] Man of La Mancha - (Original Trailer) [PAR] Man of La Mancha - (Original Trailer) [PAR] Peter O'Toole \"dreams the impossible dream\" as the Man of La Mancha (1972), a musical version of Don Quixote.> [PAR] Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) By Edict... [PAR] From the opening sequence, Spaniards mocking their masters,... [PAR] Man Of La Mancha (1972) -- (Movie Clip) By Edict Of The Inquisition [PAR] From the opening sequence, Spaniards mocking their masters, a masked prisoner is Peter O'Toole, here playing the author Cervantes, supported by manservant James Coco, from Alberto Grimaldi's 1972 production of the hit Broadway musical, Man Of La Mancha.>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goodwood | An English Estate like no other Goodwood | An English Estate like no other [PAR] Weddings [PAR] An extraordinary Estate [PAR] 1 of 10Welcome to Goodwood, a spectacular Estate in the heart of West Sussex and home to the world famous Festival of Speed, Goodwood Revival and Qatar Goodwood Festival. [PAR] 2 of 10Whatever you are looking for in a getaway, whether it be your next adventure, a family escape or pure relaxation and indulgence, The Goodwood Hotel is the ideal destination. [PAR] 3 of 10An impossibly heady mix of cars, stars and motor sport royalty come together over four superb days for the Festival of Speed. [PAR] 4 of 10Highlights of a \u2018Glorious\u2019 Festival [PAR] 5 of 10Highlights of the world\u2019s most prestigious historic motor racing event, with all the glamour and excitement of a period setting. [PAR] 6 of 10Get a feel for what it\u2019s like to fly in Goodwood\u2019s historic Second World War Harvard. But this is only part of the story \u2013 you don\u2019t get the thrill of hearing the roar of the engine, the smell of the oil or stepping into this historic aircraft. [PAR] 7 of 10For over 300 years, Goodwood House has played host to many spectacular celebrations and weddings. [PAR] 8 of 10Drive an icon around a legend with Ultimate Driving At Goodwood [PAR] 9 of 10Explore our two championship golf courses including the Top 100 Downs Course and the picturesque Park course, which winds effortlessly around the beautiful 18th century parkland surrounding Goodwood House. [PAR] 10 of 10Racing & Dancing under laser lit skies [PAR] Subscribe to Goodwood Newsletters [PAR] Be the first to receive all the latest news, stories and event information from the Goodwood Estate. [PAR] submit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Asterix - The A to Z of Asterix - Characters - Fulliautomatix Asterix - The A to Z of Asterix - Characters - Fulliautomatix [PAR] The A to Z of Asterix [PAR] An informed music lover concerned with protecting his friends\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd hearing and a fish hygiene expert [PAR] Citizenship : Gaul [PAR] French name : C\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtautomatix [PAR] German name : Automatix [PAR] Italian name : Automatix [PAR] Portugese name : \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdautomatix [PAR] Ever since he first appeared in Asterix the Gaul , to the astonishment of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdCaliguliminix\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd who finds him forging metal with his bare hands, Fulliautomatix has changed his look dramatically, changing from a plump blond Gallic look to a more haughty bearing that he proudly drapes with his legendary leather apron. More than any other character, he demonstrates the perfectionism of Albert Uderzo, who is constantly improving and refining the drawings of his characters. [PAR] But when it comes to personality, Fulliautomatix has remained true to himself, a thick-skinned brute who carefully conceals any finer qualities and whose only method of communication is by hitting out either physically or verbally at everything around. To be sure, his actions, and the motions that Albert Uderzo often sketches for his right arm, can make him seem like a machine with no purpose other than hammering. But his words, and unhelpful criticism, also relentlessly pound Cacofonix (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdNo, you will not sing!\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd), Geriatrix (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdYou old relic!\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd) and, of course, Unhygienix and the fish he brings from Lutetia. [PAR] Most importantly, he is always the one to warn his friends about the dubious freshness of the fish sold by the vendor across the street. It\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds a good bet that the authors were inspired by the American Western movie cult of the fifties they so admire for the festive atmosphere of the village brawls set off by Fulliautomatix!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New senior military officers appointed - News stories - GOV.UK New senior military officers appointed - News stories - GOV.UK [PAR] New senior military officers appointed [PAR] From: [PAR] Armed forces and Ministry of Defence reform [PAR] This news article was published under the 2010 to 2015 Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government [PAR] Defence Secretary Philip Hammond has today, 24 January, confirmed that Her Majesty The Queen has approved the appointments of the new Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, Chief of the Naval Staff, Chief of the Air Staff and Commander Joint Forces Command. [PAR] Admiral Sir George Zambellas KCB DSC is to be appointed First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in succession to Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope GCB OBE ADC in April 2013. [PAR] Air Marshal Sir Andrew Pulford KCB CBE is to be promoted to Air Chief Marshal and appointed Chief of the Air Staff in succession to Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton GCB ADC in July 2013. [PAR] Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach KCB CBE ADC is to be appointed Vice Chief of the Defence Staff in succession to General Sir Nicholas Houghton GCB CBE ADC in May 2013. [PAR] Lieutenant General Richard Barrons CBE is to be promoted to General and appointed Commander Joint Forces Command in succession to Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach KCB CBE ADC in April 2013. [PAR] There will be a further announcement in March 2013 concerning the appointment of a successor to the Chief of the Defence Staff. The successor to the Chief of the General Staff will be announced later in the year. [PAR] Admiral Sir George Zambellas KCB DSC (to be appointed First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in April 2013; currently Commander Allied Maritime Command Northwood) [PAR] Admiral Sir George Zambellas was educated in Zimbabwe, and at Stowe and Southampton University, graduating in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering. He joined the Royal Navy in 1980 from the aerospace industry and qualified as a pilot in 1982. He flew 3 tours in different helicopter types, serving in carriers and frigates. After staff training in 1990, and a brief spell as a corporate planner, he commanded the minehunter HMS Cattistock. In 1993 he was posted to Northwood as a Fleet aviation operations officer before promotion in 1995 and command of the frigate HMS Argyll. [PAR] During the 1997/98 Strategic Defence Review he served in the MOD Centre Staff helping to shape the maritime case within Defence\u2019s tri-Service balance of investment. In 1999, as a Captain, he commanded HMS Chatham, which included Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone. In 2001 he attended the Higher Command and Staff Course, and then became Deputy Flag Officer Sea Training, responsible for training Royal Navy and foreign warships and auxiliaries. [PAR] Between 2002 and 2004, as a Commodore, he was Principal Staff Officer to two Chiefs of the Defence Staff. In 2005 he commanded the Royal Navy\u2019s Amphibious Task Group, overseeing the introduction of 2 new amphibious classes of ships, and the Bowman radio and data system into amphibious operational use. He and his staff supported Operation Highbrow, the evacuation of civilians from Lebanon in July 2006. [PAR] In 2006, as a Rear Admiral, he was appointed as Chief of Staff (Transformation), leading the change programme to design and deliver the Fleet\u2019s new approach to the generation of maritime capability and support to operations. In 2007 he was Commander United Kingdom Maritime Force and, in October 2008, Chief of Staff (Operations) at the UK\u2019s Permanent Joint Headquarters at Northwood. On promotion to Vice Admiral"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Similar artists to Arctic Monkeys \u2014 Free listening, videos ... Similar artists to Arctic Monkeys \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] Miles Kane (born 17th March 1986) is an English musician. He is best known for sharing lead responsibilities and writing with Alex Turner in their\u2026 [PAR] Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now [PAR] There are two musical groups with the name The Kooks: [PAR] 1. British indie rock band - formed in Brighton, England, United Kingdom in 2004. The band\u2026 [PAR] There are at least five artists which use, or have used, this name: [PAR] 1) an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2001 [PAR] 2) a\u2026 [PAR] Catfish and The Bottlemen are a rock and roll band. Four lads with songs that are loud, explosive, sexy and young \u2013 and full of guitars. [PAR] Songs\u2026[DOC] [TLE] Arctic Monkeys say rock-and-roll is the winner at top UK ... Arctic Monkeys say rock-and-roll is the winner at top UK music awards | Reuters [PAR] Wed Feb 19, 2014 | 6:41 PM EST [PAR] Arctic Monkeys say rock-and-roll is the winner at top UK music awards [PAR] 1/2 [PAR] The Arctic Monkeys perform at the BRIT Awards, celebrating British pop music, at the O2 Arena in London February 19, 2014. [PAR] Reuters/Toby Melville + [PAR] 2/2 [PAR] Music group One Direction performs ''Story of My Life'' at the 41st American Music Awards in Los Angeles, California November 24, 2013. [PAR] Reuters/Lucy Nicholson + [PAR] By Sarah Young | LONDON [PAR] LONDON Indie quartet Arctic Monkeys picked up the coveted best album award and triumphed over boy band One Direction to be named best group, prompting their lead singer to claim a victory for rock-and-roll at British pop's show of the year. [PAR] \"That rock-and-roll it just won't go away. That rock-and-roll, it seems like it's fading away sometimes, but it will never die,\" Arctic Monkeys frontman Alex Turner said as he received the band's second gong of the night for the Mastercard British album of the year. [PAR] The best group prize at London's BRIT Awards on Wednesday was the only head-to-head between Sheffield-born Arctic Monkeys and One Direction, the five-piece band formed in 2010 on the TV singing contest The X Factor. [PAR] \"There's that fifteen quid we put on One Direction to win down the drain,\" Turner joked as Arctic Monkeys picked up the BRIT for best group. [PAR] Opening the event with their track \"R U Mine\", in the shadow of giant versions of the letters \"AM\", flaming and suspended in mid-air, Arctic Monkeys were performing at the BRITs for the first time despite their multiple successes there over the last eight years. [PAR] In the past, the band had responded frostily to their BRIT wins. This year, they were odds-on favourites to win both the awards they were up for, and their BRITs silverware count is now seven. [PAR] One Direction, a band targeted at a young audience and whose fans are mainly teenage girls, did not walk away empty handed, however. [PAR] The group picked up the BRITs global success award, being joined late on stage by a panting Harry Styles, one of its five members. He said he was late because he had been off \"having a wee\" when the prize was announced. [PAR] To particularly noisy screams and cheering at their every appearance, One Direction also walked away with the best British video award which was decided by twitter votes cast during the evening. With 17.8 million followers, dubbed \"Directioners\", the band's win"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Insects and Spiders in Children's Literature - Carol Hurst Insects and Spiders in Children's Literature [PAR] Insects and Spiders: A Literature-Based Classroom Unit [PAR] Fiction, Nonfiction and Activities [PAR] for Preschool through Ninth Grade. [PAR] Insects may be repulsive or creepy to many adults, but kids are usually fascinated by them. There are wonderful classic books like The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Charlotte's Web as well as delightful new books such as Elise Broach's Masterpiece and Diary of a Spider by Doreen Cronin. The wide variety of books let us get deeply into the language arts and other curriculum areas through the science topic of insects and spiders. [PAR] There are also mesmerizing nonfiction titles such as Amazing Insects and Simon & Schuster Children's Guide to Insects and Spiders which lead us into biology, entomology, life sciences, chemistry, physics, math, the environment, and geography. With some of the classroom activities below we can also bring in art and dance. [PAR] By researching insects from different parts of the world we can expand into geography or the role of insects in people's lives in cultures around the world. As always, scientific research can include lots of opportunities for real world mathematics. The fascinating shapes and colors of insects are great for art projects. For a more sinister direction let's take insects into forensics by studying the human body in decay and then lice and ticks bring us around to the health curriculum. Does that cover everything? How about imitating the stride or flight of different insects for physical education and dance? [PAR] But enough daydreaming. Let's get to the books and specific activities. For all ages try starting with a picture book. The finest of them have a depth that rings true for children, teens and adults. The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle is a classic from 1969. Older students often remember it fondly. You can read it aloud to the class to introduce the unit and then have some light discussion about it. This book is also available in many different languages so it's great for a multilingual classroom. Read more about this book. [PAR] Insect and Spider Picture Books [PAR] The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle. (1981, Philomel. ISBN 9780399208539. Order Info .) Picture Book. 32 pages. Gr PreK-1. [PAR] In this classic picture book, a caterpillar hatches, eats, spins a cocoon, and emerges as a butterfly. Although the food he eats is not part of a real caterpillar's diet and the butterfly that emerges is not identifiable, the concept of metamorphosis the book portrays is a nice introduction to that life cycle and to metamorphosis as metaphor. Read More about this book including a few activities. [PAR] The Very Quiet Cricket by Eric Carle. (1990, Philomel. ISBN 9780399218859. Order Info .) Picture Book. 32 pages. Gr K-2. [PAR] A very small cricket tries again and again to make the cricket chirp by rubbing his wings together as other insects pass him, making their unique sounds. Each page has an insect and a verb describing his behavior. Each page also ends with \"The little cricket wanted to answer so he rubbed his wings together, but nothing happened. Not a sound.\" Read More in our Featured Book Teachers Guide with activities, related books and links. [PAR] Very Clumsy Click Beetle by Eric Carle. (1999, Philomel. ISBN 9780399232015. Order Info .) Picture Book. 32 pages. Gr PreK-2. [PAR] In this addition to the \"Very\" series, Carle has given us a click beetle. An advisory at the beginning of the book tells us that the protective device of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Funeral Blues by W H Auden, a poem analysis - Shadow of Iris Funeral Blues by W H Auden, a poem analysis [PAR] Funeral Blues by W H Auden, a poem analysis [PAR] This page is an analysis of the poem [PAR] Funeral Blues [PAR] by W.H. Auden. The poem is also known as [PAR] Stop All the Clocks [PAR] . The poem became famous after it was recited in the film, [PAR] Four Weddings and A Funeral [PAR] . We intend to do three things in this analysis. [PAR] First, we\u2019ll provide a brief summary of [PAR] Funeral Blues [PAR] that also explores the rhyming structure of the poem. Second, we\u2019ll do an almost line by line analysis that takes into account historical context, figurative language, and any potential literary devices used. Finally, we\u2019ll offer our interpretation of the poem. We don\u2019t want to suggest that our interpretation is the only one, but instead, hope that we provide you with enough inspiration, so that you can formulate your own. [PAR] Summary of Funeral Blues by W H Auden [PAR] The poem is four stanzas long. It has a very simple rhyme scheme\u2014each line rhyming with the one preceding it. Each line is approximately 10 syllables, but there is no consistency. At times an iambic pattern is used, but also not consistently. This means that the poem at times follows the traditional iambic pentameter\u2014but not line by line. To what degree this inconsistency in meter was intentional or accidental is not clear\u2014though we admit the inconsistency does have a way of mimicking the frantic and frenetic feeling of one facing the death of a loved one. [PAR] The mood and tone of the poem is one of grief. In the first stanza the mourning would seem to be very formal\u2014and almost mocking in tone. In the second stanza the mourning grows to the level of hyperbole. Both the first and second stanza give one the impression that the narrator might be mocking the event. [PAR] However, when we reach the third stanza, the true mood of the poem becomes evident. We realize that the narrator personally knew the deceased. Though the comments strike a kind of formal note\u2014coming near to perfunctory, we begin to feel their impact, especially in the last line of this stanza. [PAR] The fourth stanza is the culmination here. Clearly words are being used with hyperbole, but at the same time, they still manage to convey a deep level of grief\u2014and the poem leaves one with the deep sense of loss felt by the narrator. [PAR] Walkthrough of Funeral Blues by W H Auden [PAR] Here we will go through the poem, almost line by line, looking at each stanza and making several points. [PAR] \u2022 \u201cStop the Clocks\u201d is not a figure of speech. It is, in fact, an old formal custom. Once people thought it bad luck for a clock to be running with a dead person present\u2014for example, at a wake. We\u2019re not sure about telephones, but something analogous probably applies. If a dog barked in the background at a funeral, it was once believed that more people would be dying. The \u201cMuffled Drum\u201d even in the present is still a traditional custom at military funerals. Needless to say, when someone dies, you present them in a coffin for people to come in and take a look at. [PAR] \u2022 The important thing to note here is how formal all this is. No where is there anything direct in this stanza to convey grief or sadness that is personal. If anything"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Artful Dodger: My favourite Charles Dickens character ... The Artful Dodger: My favourite Charles Dickens character - Telegraph [PAR] Charles Dickens [PAR] The Artful Dodger: My favourite Charles Dickens character [PAR] The Artful Dodger - from Oliver Twist - has wheedled his way into our collective cultural consciousness and he is the twenty sixth in the Telegraph pick of the best Charles Dickens characters. [PAR] [PAR] Jack Wild played the Artful Dodger opposite Mark Lester's Oliver in Carol Reed's musical film. [PAR] [PAR] Image 1 of 3 [PAR] Charles Dickens's books have been published all over the world. This Oliver Twist was, appropriately, one of the Dover Thrift Editions. [PAR] [PAR] Follow [PAR] My Favourite Charles Dickens character: The Artful Dodger from Oliver Twist (1838) [PAR] The Artful Dodger \u2013 aka Jack Dawkins \u2013 may only be a minor character in a relatively short, early Dickens novel, but the cockney rascal has performed the impressive feat of wheedling his way into our collective cultural consciousness like few others. After all, not many Dickens characters have had \u201890s R&B acts named after them. [PAR] The leader of Fagin\u2019s gang of pick-pocketing urchins, he commands the respect of the other children and even of their insidious boss, but he\u2019s my favourite Dickens character because of the fondness with which the author himself describes his antics \u2013 and this despite him being in a real sense the villain of the piece (it was of course the Dodger who first ensnared poor Oliver and lured him to the thieves\u2019 layer in Saffron Hill). All the other thieves get their comeuppances, but while The Artful should similarly deserve our disdain, he is last seen reducing a courtroom to hysterics with his boisterous behaviour, warning his prosecutors that \u201cmy attorney is a-breakfasting this morning with the Wice-President of the House of Commons\u201d before leaving for sunnier climes with a grin of \u201cgreat glee and self-approval\u201d. And you can\u2019t stay angry at that. [PAR] The full series of 'My favourite Charles Dickens character' is:[DOC] [TLE] The Artful Dodger in Oliver Twist - Shmoop The Artful Dodger in Oliver Twist [PAR] NEXT [PAR] Character Analysis [PAR] The Artful Dodger is one of the most famous and memorable characters in the novel... and it's not because he has the coolest street name in all of London. [PAR] He provides comic relief in part because of his anti-establishment, devil-may-care attitude, but also because of the odd juxtapositions of opposites that he provides. He can\u2019t be more than twelve, but he acts like a full-grown man, and even wears men\u2019s clothes (with the sleeves rolled way up: suave). He talks and walks like a man, and the contrast between his attitude and his size is pretty funny. He also is one of the main \"canters\" of the novel\u2014he speaks almost entirely in thieves\u2019 cant, which gives Dickens a chance to show off what he knows, and gives the reader the titillating impression that he or she is glimpsing some authentic view of the criminal underworld. [PAR] Some critics think that the Artful Dodger is based on the historical robber and prison-breaker, Jack Sheppard. It\u2019s possible, especially given that Dickens\u2019s friend William Harrison Ainsworth was writing a novel about Jack Sheppard at the same time that Dickens was working on Oliver Twist."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Die Another Day (song) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Die Another Day (song) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Die Another Day (song) [PAR] Film \u2014 Novelisation \u2014 Soundtrack \u2014 Song \u2014 Characters [PAR] Die Another Day is the theme song of the Bond film of the same name. The song was written and produced by the legendary pop star Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadza\u00ef. It was performed by Madonna. [PAR] The song was released as a single in October 22th, 2002 and it's accompanying music video it's second most expensive of all the time after \"Scream\" by Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson. The total production costs for the video were over $6,000,000. The song peaked at number 8 in the Billboard Hot 100. However, the song was critiized for its lack of an actual Bond tune. [PAR] Lyrics [PAR] I'm gonna wake up, yes and no, [PAR] I'm gonna kiss some part of, [PAR] I'm gonna keep this secret, [PAR] I'm gonna close my body now. [PAR] I guess, die another day, [PAR] I guess, die another day, [PAR] I guess, die another day, [PAR] I guess, die another day. [PAR] I guess I'll die another day, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day. [PAR] Sigmund Freud, [PAR] I'm gonna break the cycle, [PAR] I'm gonna shake up the system, [PAR] I'm gonna destroy my ego, [PAR] I'm gonna close my body now. [PAR] I think I'll find another way, [PAR] there's so much more to know, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day, [PAR] It's not my time to go. [PAR] For every sin, I'll have to pay, [PAR] I don't do work, I don't do play, [PAR] I think I'll find another way, [PAR] It's not my time to go. [PAR] I'm gonna avoid the clich\u00e9, [PAR] I'm gonna suspend my senses, [PAR] I'm gonna delay my pleasure, [PAR] I'm gonna close my body now. [PAR] I guess, die another day, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day, [PAR] I guess, die another day, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day. [PAR] I think I'll find another way, [PAR] There's so much more to know, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day, [PAR] It's not my time to go. [PAR] I guess, die another day, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day, [PAR] I guess, die another day, [PAR] I guess I'll die another day."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The two blacks in the Polish parliament - Daily Monitor The two blacks in the Polish parliament - Daily Monitor [PAR] People & Power [PAR] The two blacks in the Polish parliament [PAR] As Poland recovers from the effects of its communist past while shifting to a market economy, two black Africans, one from Zambia and the other from Nigeria sit in the Sejm, its lower house of parliament. Our reporter, who was recently in the eastern European country, spoke to them. [PAR] Sunday November 11 2012 [PAR] Mr John Abraham Godson and his family. [PAR] In Summary [PAR] As Poland recovers from the effects of its communist past while shifting to a market economy, two black Africans, one from Zambia and the other from Nigeria sit in the Sejm, its lower house of parliament. Our reporter, who was recently in the eastern European country, spoke to them. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] By ODINDO AYIEKO [PAR] In a country where you can walk on the streets for close to a week without meeting a black African, John Abraham Godson and Killion Munyama stick out, but there is more to their visibility. They are members of the Polish parliament, Sejm, which is the lower house. Poland has a bicameral parliament Senat being the upper house. [PAR] \u201cThe fact that we can be elected to parliament in a country that has less than 5,000 Africans tells a lot about the level of acceptance in this country, when it comes to the issue of minorities,\u201d says Godson. [PAR] Just about 4,000 black Africans live in this former communist dictatorship and satellite state of the defunct Soviet Union, whose population has hit 39 million. Many Poles know little about Africa. The most they have heard of the continent is South Africa, the leading economy on the continent. [PAR] Two years ago, Godson, now a Polish citizen, was sworn in as the first black member of the Sejm. A year later, he was joined in the house by Munyama, a 51-year-old-Zambian, who has lived almost half of his life in Poland. Godson left Nigeria in 1999 after graduating from university to preach and teach English in Poland. But after four years of lecturing at the University of Poznan, he resigned and for the next 10 years, alongside his Polish wife, Aneta, spent their time preaching and doing social work. [PAR] \u201cIt is then that a political party approached me and asked if I could run for a political seat. I declined. At first I was apprehensive because I was not a politician. I only enjoyed preaching and doing social work,\u201d he recalls. [PAR] People make demands [PAR] But in 2003, when he moved to the city of Lodz, pressure from the electorate forced him to run for a district representative\u2019s post. He won by a landslide. Godson later served as a councillor in the same city before taking up a parliamentary seat in 2010, vacated by a party colleague after local elections. He garnered over 30,000 votes, one of the best voter returns in the elections. [PAR] \u201cWinning the district representative\u2019s position inspired me. Later I went for a council post and in 2007, for a parliamentary seat. I lost but in 2010 I became the first black MP in Poland.\u201d He has four children with Aneta. [PAR] \u201cI love it here and I want to live the rest of my life here. I have become used to living in a country where I am in the minority. I have learnt Polish though at times my daughters have to correct me,\u201d says Godson, who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doge's Palace Ticket and Guided Tour - City Discovery Doge's Palace Ticket and Guided Tour - Tour Venice [PAR] Venice [PAR] Doge's Palace Ticket and Guided Tour [PAR] \u201cIt was good to do the tour. . . as expected, you meet as a group, you get headsets, you walk through, and the guide explains things. It was good in that there were interesting things to hear eg the use of the Venetian Mask and Napoleon destroying the Venetian Lion images etc, and the building is very beautiful. ...Leeanne M., Australia \u2013 See more reviews [PAR] Latest booking 2 days ago [PAR] Sells out quickly [PAR] No booking or credit card fees [PAR] Instant confirmation You'll receive your confirmation right away by email [PAR] Downloading... [PAR] What To Expect [PAR] Explore the richly decorated rooms of the Doges Palace as you relive the European Middle Ages. [PAR] Specifications [PAR] Clock Tower in St. Mark's Square [PAR] Duration: [PAR] Print voucher. You will not have access to the tour without this voucher. [PAR] Languages: [PAR] Doge's Palace \u0095 Venice City Tours & Sightseeing \u0095 City Tours & Sightseeing [PAR] Description [PAR] The Palazzo Ducale represented for centuries the seat of the Venetian political power. In these splendid rooms, plastered and immersed in hundreds of masterpieces of painting, the Duke and his Council controlled the fate of a thousand-year old republic. You'll live it together with a guide who will show you the halls of power, plunging you in a very particular historical context: the European Middle Ages and the immediately following centuries. You'll be surprised with the rich details of the gold staircase and the realism of the scenes depicted by many artists who have decorated this building. You will relive the anguish of the prisoners crossing the famous Bridge of Sighs, and entering the Venetian prisons, famous for hosting Giacomo Casanova. An unforgettable tour not to be missed! [PAR] Includes [PAR] Entrance fee to the Palazzo Ducale [PAR] Audio receiver device* [PAR] Optional trip to Murano Island** [PAR] Excludes [PAR] April to October Schedule (Summer) [PAR] Morning departure: English, German, French, Spanish daily / Italian every Saturday only (visit can be bilingual) [PAR] Afternoon departure is in English only [PAR] November to March Schedule (Winter) [PAR] English: daily [PAR] French: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday [PAR] Spanish: Wednesday, Saturday, Sunday (the visit can be bilingual) [PAR] Please Note [PAR] *For groups of 10 or more people [PAR] **The optional trip to Murano Island will take another two hours. [PAR] Morning departures and afternoon departures will meet at the Clock Tower in St. Mark's Square. [PAR] We recommend you wear comfortable shoes. [PAR] Children 5 years old and below are free of charge. [PAR] For security reasons sacks, bags or knapsacks are not allowed inside Doge's Palace. [PAR] This tour is not fully accessible for wheelchair users or people with walking disabilities. [PAR] The tour does not operate during religious holidays and in cases of exceptional high tide and bad weather. [PAR] Cancellation Policy [PAR] Free cancellation: 8 days or more prior to start date of activity. [PAR] 20% Cancellation Fee (80% reimbursement): between 4 to 7 days prior to date of activity. [PAR] 100% Cancellation Fee (no reimbursement): 3 days or less prior to date of activity. [PAR] Price & Options"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Magnificent Seven (5/12) Movie CLIP - Vin Is In (1960 ... The Magnificent Seven (5/12) Movie CLIP - Vin Is In (1960) HD - YouTube [PAR] The Magnificent Seven (5/12) Movie CLIP - Vin Is In (1960) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 30, 2013 [PAR] The Magnificent Seven movie clips: http://j.mp/11b7W2P [PAR] BUY THE MOVIE: http://j.mp/160eEZl [PAR] Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr [PAR] CLIP DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Vin (Steve McQueen) approaches Chris (Yul Brynner) and the peasants at the bar and, liking the company, joins the team. [PAR] FILM DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa's The Seven Samurai (1954) is westernized as The Magnificent Seven. Yul Brynner plays Chris, a mercenary hired to protect a Mexican farming village from its annual invasion by bandit Calvera (Eli Wallach). As Elmer Bernstein's unforgettable theme music (later immortalized as the \"Marlboro Man\" leitmotif) blasts away in the background, Chris rounds up six fellow soldiers of fortune to help him form a united front against the bandits. The remaining \"magnificent six\" are played by Charles Bronson, Steve McQueen, Horst Buchholz, Robert Vaughn, James Coburn, and (the one that everybody forgets) Brad Dexter. Though jam-packed with action, William Roberts's screenplay pauses long enough to flesh out each of its characters, allowing the audience to pick their own favorites. The Magnificent Seven was followed by three sequels, not to mention dozens of imitations. [PAR] CREDITS: [PAR] Cast: Yul Brynner, Steve McQueen [PAR] Director: John Sturges [PAR] Producers: Walter Mirisch, Lou Morheim, John Sturges [PAR] Screenwriters: Walter Bernstein, Shinobu Hashimoto, Akira Kurosawa, Hideo Oguni, William Roberts, Walter Newman [PAR] WHO ARE WE? [PAR] The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. Here you will find unforgettable moments, scenes and lines from all your favorite films. Made by movie fans, for movie fans. [PAR] SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MOVIE CHANNELS:[DOC] [TLE] The Magnificent Seven | film by Sturges [1960 ... The Magnificent Seven | film by Sturges [1960] | Britannica.com [PAR] film by Sturges [1960] [PAR] The Magnificent Seven, American western film , released in 1960, that\u2014although not as acclaimed as Kurosawa Akira \u2019s Seven Samurai (1954), on which it was based\u2014proved to be a popular and influential entry in the genre . [PAR] Scene from The Magnificent Seven (1960), directed by John Sturges. [PAR] \u00a9 1960 United Artists Corporation with The Mirisch Company and Alpha Productions [PAR] A Mexican village is being terrorized by the bandit Calvera (played by Eli Wallach ) and his gang. In desperation, several of the villagers travel to a Texas border town in hopes of hiring gunslingers to rid them of Calvera. Unable to offer much money, they hire a motley team of men: Chris ( Yul Brynner ), a fast gun who dresses in black and is the group\u2019s leader; Vin ( Steve McQueen ), a humorous man who is skilled at gunplay; Bernardo ( Charles Bronson ), who is financially desperate; Chico ( Horst Buchholz ), a brash young man eager to earn a reputation for courage; Lee ( Robert Vaughn ), a once-feared gunslinger who has lost his nerve; Britt ( James Coburn ), who is as adept with a knife as he is with a pistol; and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eddie Stobart Model Trucks - Atlas Editions Eddie Stobart Model Trucks [PAR] Introducing Eddie Stobart's 'Emma Jade' H4663 [PAR] Atlas Editions brings you an exclusive offer [PAR] A national treasure [PAR] When it comes to trucking in the UK, there\u2019s Eddie Stobart and then there\u2019s everyone else. It is, by a country mile, the nation\u2019s best-known and best-loved logistics company. After all, what other transportation company has its own fan club? [PAR] There\u2019s just something about Eddie Stobart that sets it apart from the competition. Maybe it\u2019s the drivers, like Mark Dixon from Eddie Stobart: Trucks & Trailers, the \u2018star\u2019 of our very own TV ad, which you can see by clicking the image on the left; or perhaps it\u2019s the lovingly maintained cabs, each one individually named and numbered; then again, it could be the name itself, so reassuringly solid and reliable! [PAR] But it\u2019s probably all of these things, plus the fact that Eddie Stobart is a great British success story \u2013 the little firm from Cumbria that conquered the world of road haulage. [PAR] Even today, despite its impressive size, Eddie Stobart Ltd still has the aura of a friendly family firm - albeit one with a multi-million pound turnover. And it's that combination of business acumen and approachability that helps make the company so popular. [PAR] Your very own Eddie Stobart truck [PAR] That\u2019s why we at Atlas Editions have worked together with Eddie Stobart to bring you \u2018Emma Jade\u2019, this officially licensed and perfectly crafted 1:76 scale diecast Volvo FH Fridge Trailer. It\u2019s 100% accurate in every respect. Even the number plate\u2019s correct. Plus, of course, the \u2018Emma Jade\u2019 name, in the front grille and doors, along with the \u2018H4663\u2019 fleet number that all true Stobart spotters look for. [PAR] An impressive 23cm long, this finely-crafted model will take pride of place in any Stobart lover\u2019s home. We\u2019ve even created a fantastic trailer style box for it, and you will also receive a Certificate of Authenticity and a FREE Eddie Stobart pin badge, all for just \u00a32.99, plus FREE p&p. [PAR] And that\u2019s not all. Order today and you\u2019ll be placed on our priority delivery service \u2013 each month you will receive the latest, brand new officially-licensed Eddie Stobart replica. Plus, as an added bonus with your next two deliveries, you will also receive an exclusive Eddie Stobart approved FREE gift. So, read on to find out how to take advantage of this unmissable offer\u2026 [PAR] Get more great models, more free gifts [PAR] Once you\u2019ve received your wonderful \u2018Emma Jade\u2019 Eddie Stobart model and admired its incredible workmanship and attention to detail, there\u2019s no doubt you\u2019ll want to see the next exclusive Eddie Stobart-approved model we\u2019ve created for you \u2013 the magnificent \u2018Karen Patricia\u2019 Scania Topline Curtainside, in that classic red and green Eddie Stobart livery. Worth \u00a314.99, it\u2019s yours for just \u00a311.99, plus \u00a34.99p&p. You\u2019ll also receive, FREE of charge, a gift from us to you, a great Eddie Stobart spotter\u2019s notepad and exclusive Eddie Stobart pen. Together, they\u2019re worth almost \u00a310, but they will be yours to keep for FREE. The next month, we will send you the beautiful AEC Ergomatic 6-Wheel Tipper. At just \u00a314.99, plus \u00a34.99p&p, this is a specially-commissioned casting of a classic vintage truck from a bygone age. This brand new model has never been offered anywhere else and is exclusive to Atlas Editions. What\u2019s more, when your model arrives it comes complete with six \u2013 yes, six \u2013 exclusive Eddie Stobart coasters worth \u00a36.99, FREE of charge. It\u2019s an incredible offer \u2013 and you don\u2019t"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minnie Mouse - Disney Wiki - Wikia Minnie Mouse | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Minnie was first voiced by Walt Disney , who was also the original voice of Mickey Mouse. Marjorie Ralston , a Disney inker, voiced her in one cartoon in 1929. Then, from 1929 up until 1939 , she was voiced by Marcellite Garner . Then from 1941 to 1942 , and on the radio program, The Mickey Mouse Theater of the Air , she was voiced by Thelma Boardman . Following this, from 1942 up to 1952 Ruth Clifford provided the character's voice. Janet Waldo voiced Minnie in the 1974 Disneyland record album, An Adaptation of Dickens' Christmas Carol, Performed by The Walt Disney Players . Currently, Russi Taylor has voiced Minnie since 1986 . [PAR] History [PAR] Creation [PAR] In 1928 , Walt Disney created Mickey Mouse to act as a replacement for his previous star, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit . But Mickey could not fill the void alone. In Plane Crazy , released on May 15 , 1928 , Minnie and Mickey take a flight on the latter's makeshift aircraft. In during which, Mickey repeatedly tries to romance Minnie. [PAR] The next film featuring the couple was The Gallopin' Gaucho . It was the second of their series to be produced but only the third to be released on March 14, 1929. In it, Minnie was employed as the barmaid and dancer of Cantina Argentina, a bar and restaurant established in the pampas of Argentina. She performs the tango for Mickey the gaucho and Black Pete the outlaw. Both flirt with her but the latter intends to abduct her while the former obliges in saving the \"damsel in distress\" from the villain. All three characters acted as strangers first being introduced to each other. [PAR] Minnie in Steamboat Willie . [PAR] They appear together again in Steamboat Willie , the third short of the series to be produced but released first on November 18, 1928. Pete was featured as the captain of the steamboat, Mickey as a crew of one and Minnie as their single passenger. [PAR] The commercial success of Steamboat Willie helped introduce Mickey and Minnie into the audience. Twelve more films featuring Mickey were produced in 1929, but Minnie only co-starred in seven of them and was mentioned in an eighth. [PAR] The first of them was The Barn Dance , first released on December 30, 1928. Minnie stands at the center of attention as Mickey and Pete rival each other in order to win her favor. Both offer to pick her up for the dance but she chooses Pete's newly purchased automobile over Mickey's horse-cart. When the automobile breaks down she resorts to going with Mickey. The latter proves a clumsy dancing partner, repeatedly stepping on her feet, and so she turns to Pete again. She is surprised when Mickey asks for another dance and seems to be light on his feet. However, she is disgusted when Pete points that his rival had placed a balloon in his shorts. She resumed dancing with Pete while Mickey is reduced to crying on the dance floor. Minnie proves to be rather demanding as a partner in a romantic relationship. Mickey obviously has yet to claim her as his girlfriend by this point. [PAR] The Opry House , first released on March 28 , 1929 , was the first short to feature Mickey but not Minnie. A poster, however, mentions Minnie as being a member of the \"Yankee Doodle Girls.\" This later group of female performers remained"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bulent Ecevit | prime minister of Turkey | Britannica.com Bulent Ecevit | prime minister of Turkey | Britannica.com [PAR] prime minister of Turkey [PAR] B\u00fclent Ecevit, (born May 28, 1925, Constantinople [now Istanbul], Turkey \u2014died November 5, 2006, Ankara ), Turkish poet, journalist, and politician who served as prime minister of Turkey in 1974, 1977, 1978\u201379, and 1999\u20132002. [PAR] B\u00fclent Ecevit, 2002. [PAR] AP [PAR] After graduating from Robert College in Istanbul, Ecevit served as an embassy official in London from 1946 to 1950. During this time he also attended the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London . He returned to Ankara as a writer and journalist with the newspapers Halk\u00e7i and Ulus, the official organ of the Republican People\u2019s Party (RPP), which his father had represented in the National Assembly . [PAR] Ecevit was elected to the National Assembly as an RPP member for Ankara (1957, 1961) and Zonguldak (1965, 1969), having joined the party council in 1959. He gradually emerged as leader of the left-of-centre group, and during his service as minister of labour (1961\u201365) he legalized strikes for the first time in Turkish history. In 1966 Ecevit became secretary-general of the RPP under \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc , whose cooperation with the country\u2019s military government he opposed. Ecevit became chairman of the RPP in 1972 and prime minister in January 1974. [PAR] As head of government, Ecevit declared an amnesty for all political prisoners and authorized (July 20, 1974) Turkey\u2019s military intervention in Cyprus after the Greek-led coup on that island. His request for a vote of confidence from the National Assembly in September 1974 failed, and, after a severe political crisis, tenuous power passed to S\u00fcleyman Demirel of the Justice Party . After further crises in 1977, during which Ecevit briefly formed a government (June 21\u2013July 3), he was again prime minister in January 1978. Acute economic and social difficulties, however, led to the fall of his government in October 1979. [PAR] Ecevit remained active in politics and was deputy premier in 1998 when Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz was forced to resign following a corruption scandal. Ecevit formed a new government, and in April 1999 his Democratic Left Party won a plurality of votes. A coalition government was created, with Ecevit as prime minister. Months after he took office, Turkey suffered a devastating earthquake, and Ecevit drew criticism for the government\u2019s slow initial response to the crisis and its refusal to allow Muslim groups to participate in relief efforts. A staunch secularist, Ecevit had pledged to curb the growing influence of Islam in Turkish politics. [PAR] Britannica Stories"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Port of Bunbury, Australia Wiki - ports.com Port of Bunbury, Australia Wiki - ports.com [PAR] Ports.com [PAR] Bascom, Willard, 1980: Waves and Beaches. Published by Anchor Press/Doubleday, [PAR] Garden City, NY. [PAR] Port of Bunbury, 1998: Information Guide published by the Bunbury Port Authority, P.O. Box 4, Bunbury, Western Australia 6231. [PAR] Bureau of Meteorology, 1997: Tropical Cyclone Justin. Pamphlet published by the Bureau of Meteorology, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories, Melbourne, Australia. [PAR] Cairns Port Authority, 1994: Cairns Seaport. Brochure published by the Cairns Port [PAR] Authority, P.O. Box 594, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia. [PAR] Callaghan, J., 1996: Coastal Inundation in Southern Queensland from the effects of threetropical cyclones. Internal Technical Report. Regional Office, Queensland, Bureau of Meteorology, 195 Ann Street, Brisbane 4001 Australia. [PAR] _____, 1997a: Tropical Cyclone Impacts near Brisbane from November to April 1964 to 1997. Internal Technical Report. Regional Office, Queensland, Bureau of Meteorology, 195 Ann Street, Brisbane 4001 Australia. [PAR] _____, 1997b: Tropical Cyclone Impacts along the Australian East Coast from November to April, 1867 to 1997. Internal Technical Report. Regional Office, Queensland, Bureau of Meteorology, 195 Ann Street, Brisbane 4001 Australia. [PAR] Darwin Port Authority, undated: Port of Darwin Information Booklet. Published by the Darwin Port Authority, G.P.O. Box 390, Darwin NT, Australia 0801. [PAR] _____, undated: Australia's Port of Darwin pamphlet published by the Darwin Port Authority, G.P.O. Box 390, Darwin NT, Australia 0801. [PAR] _____, 1998/99: Darwin Port Authority Cyclone Procedures published by the Darwin Port Authority, G.P.O. Box 390, Darwin NT, Australia 0801. [PAR] Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), 1990: Sailing Directions (Enroute) for the East Coast of Australia and New Zealand. Pub. 127. Fourth Edition. Published by the Defense Mapping Agency, 4600 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, MD 20816-5003. [PAR] _____, 1991: Defense Mapping Agency Chart 74234, Townsville Harbor. 1st Ed., Mar. 9, 1991. Published by the Defense Mapping Agency, 8613 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA [PAR] 22031-2137. [PAR] _____, 1993: Defense Mapping Agency Chart 74182, Moreton Bay. 11th Ed., Aug 7, [PAR] 1993. Published by the Defense Mapping Agency, 8613 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA [PAR] 22031-2137. [PAR] _____, 1994a: Defense Mapping Agency Chart 74229, Hay Point to Penrith Island. 1st Ed., Nov 30, 1985. Published by the Defense Mapping Agency, 8613 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031-2137. [PAR] _____, 1994b: Sailing Directions (Enroute) for the North and West Coasts of Australia Pub. 175. Sixth Edition. Published by the Defense Mapping Agency, 4600 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, MD 20816-5003. [PAR] Fremantle Port Authority, 1997: General Information for Ships' Masters. Published by Fremantle Port Authority, 1 Cliff Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160. [PAR] Geraldton Port Authority, undated: Port Information Booklet published by the Geraldton Port Authority, PO Box 1856, Geraldton, Western Australia 6531. [PAR] Gourlay, R. J., 1981: Storm Surges in the Brisbane Roads. Technical Report 44. Published by the Department of Science and Technology, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, NSW, Australia. [PAR] Holland, G. J., 1983: Tropical Cyclones in the Australian/Southwest Pacific Region. Published by Atmospheric Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. [PAR] Hydrographic Service, 1972: Australian Chart 250, Plans of Mackay and Bowen. Published by the Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy (R.A.N.), under the Superintendence of Captain J.H.S. Osborn, Hydrographer, R. A. N., 8 Station Street, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2500, Australia. [PAR] _____, 1992: Australia Pilot Volume V, North, Northwest and West Coasts of Australia from the West Entrance of Endeavour Strait to Cape Leeuwin. Seventh Edition. Published by the Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy (R.A.N.), under the Superintendence of Captain J.H.S. Osborn, Hydrographer, R. A. N., 8 Station Street, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2500, Australia. [PAR] _____,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pool of London \u00bb 4 Nov 1960 \u00bb The Spectator Archive The Pool of London \u00bb 4 Nov 1960 \u00bb The Spectator Archive [PAR] 44 [PAR] The Pool of London [PAR] By VISCOUNT THE Pool of London, stretching eastward for some two miles below London Bridge, is one of the most historic reaches of the River Thames. 'Is very name may well be the oldest of place- lilsalhes in the City of London, for a considerable body of opinion holds the view that the first settle- illent in this area, of Celtic origin, was located on Blow hills north of the present site of London ,(18e, and that this settlement was called 'Llyn 'In' meaning 'the hill by the pool.' What is certain is that a gravel strip, which formed a useful ford across the river at this point, was the reason for the position of the settlement, and in ancient days, as in modern times, this site !'as a focal point for the City's travellers and ttraders. Thus it became the centre of maritime rtle and, as the port developed through the In occupation and beyond, ships engaged .,:foreign and coastwise trade congregated in _tuts area, at first anchoring in the stream or tying :13-to the banks, and later lying alongside the harllost wharves, of which Queenhithc (still exist- illg, on the north bank just above Southwark illge) is the first known to have been con- structed. [PAR] r, AI the end of the twelfth century Peter of ',,cl!oehurch started to build the first stone London ..\u201eOr,tdge, not. far removed from the present site. Ms structure with its twenty arches was a serious 71).ediment to river traffic, and after its com- olettn in 1207 the trade began to expand eatillY eastward. \u201e_l'n the seventeenth century an edict of the I'vernment of the day gave to the wharves on the north bank of the river between London Bridge and the Tower the status of 'Legal Quays,' where alone goods could be loaded or discharged. This legislation was introduced to obtain a measure of control over the collection of revenue, for the commercial progress of the Port had led to some congestion and, in consequence, the collection of customs duties was imperilled. The establishment of these Legal Quays once again concentrated shipping in this area. [PAR] Today the Port of London stretches up and down the river a distance of some sixty-nine miles, and includes the five systems of enclosed docks owned by the Port of London Authority. But the Pool remains, as it always has been, a busy centre of commerce. Geographically it stretches from London Bridge down river to the point where the magnificent tower of Hawks- moor's Church, St. Anne's, Limehouse, marks the beginning of Limehouse Reach. It is divided into the Upper Pool, lying between London Bridge and Wapping, and the Lower Pool farther to the east. [PAR] It is, therefore, only a part of the Upper Pool whose northern shore lies within the boundaries of the City, but this small section of the river is at the very heart of the Port. [PAR] A visitor standing on London Bridge, and look- ing east, will get a splendid view of the historic scene. On the immediate left his eye is attracted to the Monument recalling the Great Fire of London in 1666. Near by, the spire of St. Magnus the Martyr still rests on the archway through \"Chairman, Port of London Authority. which Londoners approached a forerunner of the present London Bridge. Farther down, still on the north bank, stands Billingsgate Market, con- juring"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coffee and qahwa: How a drink for Arab mystics went global ... Coffee and qahwa: How a drink for Arab mystics went global - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Coffee and qahwa: How a drink for Arab mystics went global [PAR] By John McHugo Author [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image copyright Thinkstock [PAR] The Arab world has given birth to many thinkers and many inventions - among them the three-course meal, alcohol and coffee. The best coffee bean is still known as Arabica, but it's come a long way from the Muslim mystics who treasured it centuries ago, to the chains that line our high streets. [PAR] Think coffee, and you probably think of an Italian espresso, a French cafe au lait, or an American double grande latte with cinnamon. [PAR] Perhaps you learned at school that the USA became a nation of coffee drinkers because of the excise duty King George placed on tea? Today ubiquitous chains like Starbucks, Cafe Nero and Costa grace every international airport, and follow the now much humbler Nescafe as symbols of globalisation. [PAR] Coffee is produced in hot climates like Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, Vietnam and Indonesia, and you could be forgiven if you thought it is a product from the New World like tobacco and chocolate. After all, all three became popular in Europe at more or less the same time, in the 16th and 17th Centuries. [PAR] In fact, coffee comes from the highland areas of the countries at the southern end of the Red Sea - Yemen and Ethiopia. [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Although a beverage made from the wild coffee plant seems to have been first drunk by a legendary shepherd on the Ethiopian plateau, the earliest cultivation of coffee was in Yemen and Yemenis gave it the Arabic name qahwa, from which our words coffee and cafe both derive. [PAR] Qahwa originally meant wine, and Sufi mystics in Yemen used coffee as an aid to concentration and even spiritual intoxication when they chanted the name of God. [PAR] Three courses, and alcohol [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] The Arabs invented the concept of the three-course meal, with soup followed by fish or meat, then fruit and nuts - the habit was brought across to Moorish Spain in the 9th Century from Iraq [PAR] Alcohol may have been distilled in c800AD by Jabir Ibn Hayyan in Kufa in Iraq, and our word \"alcohol\" derives from the Arabic \"al kuhul\"... many Arab countries, like Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Morocco, make wines and beers, even though Islam does not permit the drinking of alcohol [PAR] Find out about buying and using coffee beans [PAR] By 1414, it was known in Mecca and in the early 1500s was spreading to Egypt from the Yemeni port of Mocha. It was still associated with Sufis, and a cluster of coffee houses grew up in Cairo around the religious university of the Azhar. They also opened in Syria, especially in the cosmopolitan city of Aleppo, and then in Istanbul, the capital of the vast Ottoman Turkish Empire, in 1554. [PAR] In Mecca, Cairo and Istanbul attempts were made to ban it by religious authorities. Learned shaykhs discussed whether the effects of coffee were similar to those of alcohol, and some remarked that passing round the coffee pot had something in common with the circulation of a pitcher of wine, a drink forbidden in Islam. [PAR] Coffee houses were a new institution in which men met together to talk, listen to poets and play games like chess and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Percy Bysshe Shelley - Poet | Academy of American Poets Percy Bysshe Shelley - Poet | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] read this poet's poems [PAR] Percy Bysshe Shelley was born August 4, 1792, at Field Place, near Horsham, Sussex, England. The eldest son of Timothy and Elizabeth Shelley, with one brother and four sisters, he stood in line to inherit not only his grandfather's considerable estate but also a seat in Parliament. He attended Eton College for six years beginning in 1804, and then went on to Oxford University. He began writing poetry while at Eton, but his first publication was a Gothic novel, Zastrozzi (1810), in which he voiced his own heretical and atheistic opinions through the villain Zastrozzi. That same year, Shelley and another student, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, published a pamphlet of burlesque verse, \"Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson,\" and with his sister Elizabeth, Shelley published Original Poetry; by Victor and Cazire. In 1811, Shelley continued this prolific outpouring with more publications, including another pamphlet that he wrote and circulated with Hogg titled \"The Necessity of Atheism,\" which got him expelled from Oxford after less than a year's enrollment. Shelley could have been reinstated if his father had intervened, but this would have required his disavowing the pamphlet and declaring himself Christian. Shelley refused, which led to a complete break between Shelley and his father. This left him in dire financial straits for the next two years, until he came of age. [PAR] That same year, at age nineteen, Shelley eloped to Scotland with sixteen-year-old Harriet Westbrook. Once married, Shelley moved to the Lake District of England to study and write. Two years later he published his first long serious work, Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem. The poem emerged from Shelley's friendship with the British philosopher William Godwin, and it expressed Godwin's freethinking Socialist philosophy. Shelley also became enamored of Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft's daughter, Mary, and in 1814 they eloped to Europe. After six weeks, out of money, they returned to England. In November 1814 Harriet Shelley bore a son, and in February 1815 Mary Godwin gave birth prematurely to a child who died two weeks later. The following January, Mary bore another son, named William after her father. In May the couple went to Lake Geneva, where Shelley spent a great deal of time with George Gordon, Lord Byron, sailing on Lake Geneva and discussing poetry and other topics, including ghosts and spirits, into the night. During one of these ghostly \"seances,\" Byron proposed that each person present should write a ghost story. Mary's contribution to the contest became the novel Frankenstein. That same year, Shelley produced the verse allegory Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude. In December 1816 Harriet Shelley apparently committed suicide. Three weeks after her body was recovered from a lake in a London park, Shelley and Mary Godwin officially were married. Shelley lost custody of his two children by Harriet because of his adherence to the notion of free love. [PAR] In 1817,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Does Haute Couture become Pr\u00eat \u00e0 Porter? Does Haute Couture become Pr\u00eat \u00e0 Porter? [PAR] A paper on the fashion industry of the [PAR] Swedish health care sector [PAR] Gudbj\u00f6rg Erlingsd\u00f3ttir and Karin Jonnerg\u00e5rd [PAR] For the Workshop on Public Sector in Common Europe \u2013 Trends and Fashion Lofoten Islands, 6-8 June [PAR] 2004 [PAR] When fashion in clothes and accessories is created and spread it usually happens in quite [PAR] exclusive environments as in the big fashion houses and through the known international [PAR] fashion magazines or on the catwalks. We are aware that yet other fashions are created amongst [PAR] people on the street making use of what they have got creating local fashions that can become [PAR] noticed or discovered by a broader public and spread that way. But let us stay with the metaphor [PAR] of the big fashion houses and their catwalks. On the catwalk and in the most well known [PAR] fashion magazines the latest trends are often presented quite vaguely ie not as ready made [PAR] outfits that can be worn by real people in real situations (many of the designs shown would be [PAR] quite inconvenient for anything else but a stroll down the catwalk) as they are rather presented [PAR] as ideas or images of how people should look and dress. They are thus more of an inspirational [PAR] material hinting the direction or the feeling of the coming trends considering materials, colours [PAR] and styles. When this \u201cHaute Couture\u201d is spread and lands on the shop-shelves as Pr\u00eat \u00e0 Porter [PAR] it has been translated into more \u201cuser friendly\u201d versions of the original ideas. This [PAR] transformation is necessary in order to make the latest fashion reachable for a broader public. [PAR] Using the metaphors of Haute Couture and Pr\u00eat \u00e0 Porter we would like to examine some of [PAR] the fashions that have been spread in the Swedish health care sector the past two decades. Who [PAR] are the fashion makers? Who decides what to import and why? Who are the models [PAR] demonstrating the latest fashion? Most of all we wonder if the Haute Couture gets transformed [PAR] into Pr\u00eat \u00e0 Porter so that it suites and becomes useful to the broad masses. And if not, what do [PAR] people do with fashion? Does it become an issue for some kind of an elite, or does it simply get [PAR] ignored? [PAR] These questions will be reflected upon through and illustrated by material from our own [PAR] study, of how and why quality assurance came in vogue. [PAR] Theoretically we seek inspiration to Czarniawska and Joerges\u2019s (1996) \u201cidea-model\u201d as [PAR] well as the concept of translation (Latour, 1986; Callon, 1986). However the metaphors of [PAR] fashion will be our main focus in the reflection of the introduction and implementation of [PAR] quality assurance in the Swedish health care sector. [PAR] The fashion metaphor [PAR] We primarily base our use of the fashion metaphor on Czarniawska and Joerges\u2019 (1996) [PAR] description of organisational change due to what they call travelling ideas. According to the [PAR] authors, ideas that go places, get their velocity mainly from being in vogue in the cense that [PAR] many people/organisations in different places and over time will \u201ccatch on\u201d to fashionable ideas [PAR] and use them. Fashion can thus explain \u201cmany puzzling developments in and between [PAR] organizations\u201d (p. 24). In other words the metaphor of fashion can be helpful in understanding [PAR] changes that occur in an organisation field and even how institutions are altered or changed. In [PAR] Czarniawska and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'It\u2019s goodnight' from popular British comedian Ronnie ... 'It\u2019s goodnight' from popular British comedian Ronnie Corbett, dead at 85 | Toronto Star [PAR] Entertainment [PAR] 'It\u2019s goodnight' from popular British comedian Ronnie Corbett, dead at 85 [PAR] Diminutive comedian was half of much-loved duo The Two Ronnies sketch show, which ran for a dozen series over 16 years, and, at its peak, had 17 million viewers. [PAR] Ronnie Corbett was presented with his Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) by Queen Elizabeth during a ceremony at Buckingham Palace in London in 2012. (Rebecca Naden / REUTERS) [PAR] By Jill LawlessAssociated Press [PAR] Thu., March 31, 2016 [PAR] LONDON\u2014British comedian Ronnie Corbett, half of much-loved duo The Two Ronnies, has died at the age of 85, his publicist said. [PAR] Paul Sullivan said Corbett died Thursday \u201csurrounded by his loving family.\u201d The cause of death wasn\u2019t disclosed. [PAR] Born in Edinburgh on Dec. 4, 1930, Corbett had stage, film and cabaret roles before coming to prominence on David Frost\u2019s satirical 1960s TV show The Frost Report. [PAR] One classic sketch, still frequently used to illustrate Britain\u2019s class system, teamed 5-foot 1-inch (1.55 metre) Corbett, the taller comedian Ronnie Barker and the towering John Cleese to represent the working, middle and upper classes. [PAR] In 1971 Corbett teamed up with Barker for a sketch show, The Two Ronnies. It ran for a dozen series over 16 years and at its peak had 17 million viewers. [PAR] Article Continued Below [PAR] The duo\u2019s verbal dexterity, comic timing and physical incongruence \u2014 the bulky Barker towered over the diminutive Corbett \u2014 made them favourites with millions of comedy fans. Their signature signoff \u2014 \u201cNow it\u2019s goodnight from me.\u201d \u201cAnd it\u2019s goodnight from him\u201d \u2014 became a popular catchphrase. [PAR] The duo incorporated sketches, spoof newscasts and musical parodies, all of which delighted in wordplay. One memorable sketch involved Barker attempting to buy fork handles, and getting four candles from uncomprehending shopkeeper Corbett. [PAR] Corbett\u2019s later roles included a put-upon librarian in the 1980s sitcom Sorry! [PAR] In 2005 he reunited with Barker, who died later that year, for TV show The Two Ronnies Sketchbook. Corbett also worked with \u2014 and influenced \u2014 younger comedians including Ricky Gervais, Rob Brydon and Peter Kay. [PAR] Prime Minister David Cameron said Corbett would \u201cbe remembered as one of the all-time great comedians.\u201d [PAR] Actor Russell Crowe tweeted: \u201cAnd it\u2019s good night from Ronnie Corbett. Thanks for all the laughs, mate.\u201d [PAR] Corbett is survived by his wife, Anne Hart, and their two daughters."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tatra Mountains - the highest mountains in Poland Tatra Mountains - the highest mountains in Poland [PAR] Tatra Mountains [PAR] Morskie Oko Lake [PAR] Tatra Mountains, the highest mountains in Poland are the only part of Carpathians, that present extremely Alpine characteristics, it means there are five climatic-vegetation belts in the mountains. [PAR] However, Tatra Mountains differ from the Alps for sure in respect of their lengthiness. At similar peak heights (circa 2300 metres) the mountain range is very short and narrow. The length of Tatra Mountains as the crow flies amounts to 53 kilometres, whereas the length along the main ridge on almost entire length both along the tourist route as well as the border between Poland and Slovakia, 80 kilometres. The width of the Tatra Mountains is \u201cup to\u201d 30 km. On the territory of Slovakia and Polish Podhale there are many places, from which it is possible to admire their full splendour with no difficulty. The impression of fairy-tale character of the scenery and the vastness of the mountains is enhanced by the peculiar geological landscape construction. Both on the southern and on the northern side there are large tectonic valleys, with gentle 1000 meter hills behind them. Tatra Mountains seen from Podhale and lighted up by the morning sun actually constitutes the most beloved theme for Polish landscape photographers. [PAR] On the shores of streams, on the outlet of big Tatra valleys, there are both deciduous riparian-type forests as well as beach wood forests with a dash of pine tree. They quickly give place to spruce and fir forests, transforming into a strip of dwarf mountain pine, alternating with rowanberry and lofty Swiss stone pines, subsequently turning into mountain pastures or large meadows used to pasture the sheep and in winter serving as an exzellent ski area. There are no glaciers in Tatra Mountains. On the height where there is actually cold enough during the whole year the slopes are to steep, so that they could hold any larger amounts of snow. The remaining of the ice age is a group of 200 unusually picturesque mountain lakes.[DOC] [TLE] Tatra Mountains | mountain range, Europe | Britannica.com Tatra Mountains | mountain range, Europe | Britannica.com [PAR] Tatra Mountains [PAR] Alternative Titles: High Tatras, Tatry Mountains, Tatry Wysokie, Vysok\u00e9 Tatry [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Pyrenees [PAR] Tatra Mountains, also called High Tatras, Slovak Vysok\u00e9 Tatry, Polish Tatry Wysokie, highest range of the Central Carpathians. The mountains rise steeply from a high plateau and extend for approximately 40 miles (64 km) along the Slovakian-Polish frontier, varying in width from 9 to 15 miles (14 to 24 km). About 300 peaks are identified by name and elevation, the highest being Gerlachovsk\u00fd (or Gerlach ) Peak (8,711 feet [2,655 metres]). Although it has no glaciers or permanent snowfields, the range otherwise resembles the Alps . South of the V\u00e1h River valley is the parallel Low Tatra range, rising to \u010eumbier (6,703 feet [2,043 metres]). [PAR] Haystacks in a field, with the the Tatra Mountains in the background, Poland. [PAR] \u00a9 wildman/Fotolia [PAR] South face of Gerlach Peak, in the High Tatra range of the Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia. [PAR] GSouthFace [PAR] The mountain slopes are covered with spruce woodlands to 6,300 feet, above which is an alpine zone. Fauna includes bears, chamois, marmots, and eagles. The Tatras have many high-lying lakes, hanging valleys, and summer and winter sports resorts. With the Slovakian-Polish frontier running along the summits, the area embraces two national parks: Tatra National Park (Poland), occupying 82 square miles (212 square km), and Tatry National Park (Slovakia), occupying"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Witches of Eastwick' - - NYTimes.com ' - The Witches of Eastwick' - - NYTimes.com [PAR] 'The Witches of Eastwick' [PAR] Review by MARGARET ATWOOD [PAR] Published: May 13, 1984 [PAR] ''THE WITCHES OF EASTWICK'' is John Updike's first novel since the much-celebrated ''Rabbit Is Rich,'' and a strange and marvelous organism it proves to be. Like his third novel, ''The Centaur,'' it is a departure from baroque realism. This time, too, Mr. Updike transposes mythology into the minor keys of small town America, but this time he pulls it off, possibly because, like Shakespeare and Robert Louis Stevenson before him, he finds wickedness and mischief more engrossing as subjects than goodness and wisdom. [PAR] Mr. Updike's titles are often quite literal, and ''The Witches of Eastwick'' is just what it says. It's indeed about witches, real ones, who can fly through the air, levitate, hex people and make love charms that work, and they live in a town called Eastwick. It's Eastwick rather than Westwick, since, as we all know, it's the east wind that blows no good. Eastwick purports to be in Rhode Island because, as the book itself points out, Rhode Island was the place of exile for Anne Hutchinson, the Puritan foremother who was kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay colony by the forefathers for female insubordination, a quality these witches have in surplus. [PAR] These are not 1980's Womanpower witches. They aren't at all interested in healing the earth, communing with the Great Goddess, or gaining Power- within (as opposed to Power-over). These are bad Witches, and Power-within, as far as they are concerned, is no good at all unless you can zap somebody with it. They are spiritual descendants of the 17th-century New England strain and go in for sabbats, sticking pins in wax images, kissing the Devil's backside and phallus worship; this latter though - since it is Updike - is qualified worship. The Great Goddess is present only in the form of Nature itself, or, in this book, Nature herself, with which they, both as women and as witches, are supposed to have special affinities. Nature, however, is far from Wordsworth's big motherly breast. She, or it, is red in tooth, claw and cancer cell, at best lovely and cruel, at worst merely cruel. ''Nature kills constantly, and we call her beautiful.'' [PAR] How did these middle-class, small-town, otherwise ordinary women get their witchy powers? Simple. They became husbandless. All three are divorcees and embodiments of what American small-town society tends to think about divorcees. Whether you leave your husband or are left ''doesn't make any difference,'' which will be news to many abandoned women stuck with full child support. Divorced then, and, with the images of their former husbands shrunk and dried and stored away in their minds and kitchens and cellars, they are free to be themselves, an activity Mr. Updike regards with some misgivings, as he regards most catchwords and psychofads. [PAR] Being yourself involves artistic activity, albeit of minor kinds. Lexa makes ceramic earthmothers, which are sold in the local crafts store, Jane plays the cello, and Sukie writes, badly, a gossip column for the weekly paper, her participles dangling like earrings. All three are dabblers, but their ''creativity'' is seen in the same light as that of other, more accomplished female artists. The townspeople of Eastwick, who act as a collective chorus, credit them with ''a certain distinction, an inner boiling such as had in other cloistral towns produced Emily Dickinson's verses and Emily Bront\"e's inspired novel.'' [PAR] IT'S doubtful, however, that either of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Strictly Come Dancing 2015 - sparkling professional ... BBC - Strictly Come Dancing 2015 - sparkling professional dancer line-up revealed - Media Centre [PAR] Ola Jordan [PAR] Otlile Mabuse [PAR] Louise Rainbow, Executive Producer says: \u201cWe are thrilled with our pro-dancer line up this year. Not only are some of the viewers\u2019 favourites returning, but we also have some exciting new dancers joining the Strictly family. I think it\u2019s safe to say that this year\u2019s Strictly will be as exciting and entertaining as always.\u201d [PAR] On Iveta\u2019s and Trent\u2019s departures from the show she adds: \u201cIveta Lukosiute has been with us for three series and we would like to thank her for her wonderful contribution to the show and wish her the very best for the future. And huge thanks also to Trent Whiddon who danced so beautifully with Pixie last year.\u201d [PAR] Iveta says: \u201cI really enjoyed my experience on Strictly Come Dancing! I loved everything about the show, dancers, judges, BBC, celebrities, fans... all of it was a pleasure to be a part of this wonderful show. I always tried to do my very best to show off my celebrity and add as much as I could to the show. This year I will focus more on my dance school in New York City since I was away so much, however, I will be more than happy to stay involved with the show in the future.\u201d [PAR] Trent adds: \u201cI was very happy to be part of last season and very thankful for the opportunity\u201d. [PAR] The show returns to BBC One in the autumn when the celebrity line up will be revealed. [PAR] The Men - biogs [PAR] Alja\u017e \u0160korjanec [PAR] Alja\u017e and his celebrity partner Abbey Clancy won Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 - his first year on the show. Born in Slovenia, Aljaz took to the dance floor at the age of five, enjoying success in his home country where he won 19 Slovenian championships in ballroom and Latin. For over a decade, Alja\u017e has represented Slovenia in the World Latin and Ballroom Championships, and has also appeared in Slovenia\u2019s Dancing With The Stars. In 2010, Aljaz joined the cast of Burn The Floor where he has since performed around the world as one of its leading males. [PAR] Anton Du Beke [PAR] Strictly favourite Anton specialises in ballroom dancing and has been performing since the age of 14. As a seasoned pro, Anton has appeared in every series of Strictly to date, but he is still yet to lift the glitter-ball trophy. Anton was memorably matched with former MP Ann Widdecombe, making it to the quarter-finals together in 2010. [PAR] Brendan Cole [PAR] Kiwi Brendan specialises in all things Latin-American and began dancing at the age of six, going on to become the New Zealand and Asian Open Professional Champion. Brendan was the first dancer to lift the glitter ball trophy in series one with newsreader Natasha Kaplinsky, and has also been a judge on the New Zealand version of Strictly. He and Anton are the longest serving professional dancers on Strictly. [PAR] Giovanni Pernice [PAR] Giovanni was born in Sicily and decided from a young age that he wanted to take up dance lessons. At 14 years old he moved to Bologna to concentrate on dance and to be taught by some of the best teachers in the world. His greatest achievement is the day he won the Italian Championships in 2012. He has the date tattooed on his wrist, along with \u2018Nato per vincere\u2019 meaning \u2018Born To Win\u2019"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Helium \u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Helium\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] Element News [PAR] Helium: the essentials [PAR] Helium is one of the so-called noble gases. Helium gas is an unreactive, colourless, and odourless monoatomic gas. Helium is available in pressurised tanks. [PAR] Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen. \u03b1-particles are doubly ionised helium atoms, He2+. [PAR] Helium is used in lighter than air balloons and while heavier than hydrogen, is far safer since helium does not burn. Speaking after breathing an atmosphere rich in helium results in a squeaky voice (don't try it!). [PAR] Helium is present in the atmosphere at about 0.0005% (1 part in 200000) by volume and is an important component within hydrocarbon gases in the USA. Its origin in these gases is traced to the decay of radioactive elements in rocks. [PAR] Emma's first birthday balloon is filled with helium and so rises in air. [PAR] Helium: historical information [PAR] Helium was discovered by Sir William Ramsay and independently by N. A. Langley and P. T. Cleve in 1895 at London, England and Uppsala, Sweden. Origin of name : from the Greek word \"helios\" meaning \"sun\". [PAR] A French astronomer, Pierre-Jules-C\u00e9sar Janssen (1824-1907), first obtained evidence for the existence of helium during the solar eclipse of 1868 in India when he detected a new yellow line (587.49 nm) in the solar spectrum very close to the yellow sodium D-line. It was not possible to produce this line in the laboratory. Sir Norman Lockyer (1836-1920), an English astronomer, recognised that no known element at that time gave this line and named the element helium for the sun. For many years helium was regarded as an element that might exist on the sun although it was unknown on the Earth. Spectroscopists at the time doubted the results concerning helium. However the claims initiated a search for the new element on planet earth. In 1895, Sir William Ramsay discovered helium after treating cleveite, a uranium mineral, with mineral acids. Ramsey sent samples of the gas to Sir William Crookes and Sir Norman Lockyer who identified helium. It was discovered independently in clevite by Cleve and Langley at about the same time. Lockyer and Professor Edward Frankland suggested the name helium. [PAR] Helium around us [PAR] Read more \u00bb [PAR] Helium has no biological role. [PAR] Helium is present in the atmosphere at about 0.0005% (1 part in 200000) by volume and is an important component within hydrocarbon gases in the USA. Its origin in these gases is traced to the decay of radioactive elements in rocks. Some minerals contain occluded helium and this can be liberated by heating. Some rocks consist of minerals which contain uranium and potassium. These decay to helium and argon and analysis of these gases can be used to determine the age of the rock. The bulk of the western world's supply is obtained from wells in the USA. [PAR] Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. It is very common in the hotter stars. It is an important component in the proton-proton reaction and the carbon cycle in stars. [PAR] Abundances for helium in a number of different environments. More abundance data \u00bb [PAR] Location [PAR] Second ionisation energy : 5250.5 kJ mol\u20111 [PAR] Isolation [PAR] Isolation : there is very little helium on earth as nearly all present during and immediately after the earth's formation has long since been lost as it is so light. Just about all the helium remaining on the planet is the result of radioactive decay."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Joad family | fictional characters | Britannica.com Joad family | fictional characters | Britannica.com [PAR] Joad family [PAR] fictional characters [PAR] THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below. [PAR] Joad family, fictional family of dispossessed tenant farmers , the main characters in The Grapes of Wrath (1939), John Steinbeck \u2019s novel of the Great Depression . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] tenant farming [PAR] agricultural system in which landowners contribute their land and a measure of operating capital and management while tenants contribute their labour with various amounts of capital and management, the returns being shared in a variety of ways. Payment to the owner may be in the form of a share in... [PAR] The Grapes of Wrath (novel by Steinbeck) [PAR] novel by John Steinbeck, published in 1939. Set during the Great Depression, it traces the migration of an Oklahoma Dust Bowl family to California and their subsequent hardships as migrant farm workers. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1940. The work did much to publicize the injustices of migrant... [PAR] John Steinbeck [PAR] Feb. 27, 1902 Salinas, Calif., U.S. Dec. 20, 1968 New York, N.Y. American novelist, best known for The Grapes of Wrath (1939), which summed up the bitterness of the Great Depression decade and aroused widespread sympathy for the plight of migratory farmworkers. He received the Nobel Prize for... [PAR] Great Depression [PAR] worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, sparking fundamental changes in economic institutions, macroeconomic policy, and economic theory. Although it originated in... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: August 30, 2010 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Joad-family [PAR] Access Date: January 17, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] The 100 best novels: No 65 \u2013 The Grapes of Wrath by John ... The 100 best novels: No 65 \u2013 The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1939) | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The 100 best novels [PAR] The 100 best novels:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 12 Months of the Year - Time and Date 12 Months of the Year [PAR] Calendar with holidays worldwide [PAR] Tracking the Moon's Orbit [PAR] The months of the year originated as a way to mark time and break up the seasons into shorter periods based on the Moon\u2019s orbit around the Earth. Months were invented and first used in Mesopotamia to measure the natural period related to the cycle of the moon. [PAR] Names of full moons [PAR] The addition of January and February moved the months September , October , November , and December to later in the year so they no longer correspond with the original meaning of their names. In the Roman calendar their original names in Latin mean the \u201cseventh\u201d, \u201ceighth\u201d, \u201cninth\u201d, and \u201ctenth\u201d month. [PAR] Is there a perfect calendar? [PAR] There are many calendars that use months to divide up the year. The Islamic calendar, the Hebrew calendar, and the Hindu calendar are a few examples. Although the Gregorian calendar is the most commonly used calendar today, other calendars are still used to calculate certain holidays and annual feasts to correspond with the Gregorian calendar. [PAR] Old Names of Months [PAR] Months in the ancient Roman calendar include: [PAR] Mercedonius - an occasional month after February that would be used to realign the Roman calendar. Today we use Leap Day for this alignment. [PAR] Quintilis - renamed July in honor of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. [PAR] Sextilis - renamed August in honor of Roman Emperor Augustus in 8 BCE. [PAR] How Many Have 28, 30, or 31 Days? [PAR] The Gregorian calendar has 4 months that are 30 days long and 7 months that are 31 days long. February is the only month that is 28 days long in common years and 29 days long in leap years. [PAR] The 12 Months of the Year [PAR] The Gregorian calendar and the Julian calendar both consist of the following twelve months:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77 Charles M. Schulz, 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77 [PAR] Charles M. Schulz, 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77 [PAR] By SARAH BOXER [PAR] Charles M. Schulz, the creator of ''Peanuts,'' the tender and sage comic strip starring Charlie Brown and Snoopy that is read by 355 million people around the world, died in his sleep on Saturday night at his home in Santa Rosa, Calif., just hours before his last cartoon ran in the Sunday newspapers. He was 77. [PAR] The cause of death was colon cancer, said Paige Braddock, creative director for Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates. [PAR] Mr. Schulz drew ''Peanuts'' for nearly half a century. He swore that no one else would ever draw the comic strip and he kept his word. For years he drew ''Peanuts'' with a hand tremor. He finally put down his pen when he received a diagnosis of colon cancer after abdominal surgery in November. [PAR] His last daily strip ran on Jan. 3. His last Sunday page, which ran yesterday, carried a signed farewell in which he said, ''Charlie Brown, Snoopy, Linus, Lucy . . . how can I ever forget them. . . .'' His wife, Jeannie, said, ''He had done everything he wanted.'' [PAR] Lynn Johnston, a friend of Mr. Schulz and the creator of ''For Better or for Worse,'' told The Associated Press, ''It's amazing that he dies just before his last strip is published.'' Such an ending, she said, was ''as if he had written it that way.'' [PAR] She recalled something Mr. Schulz told her as she sat in the hospital with him last year: ''You control all these characters and the lives they live. You decide when they get up in the morning, when they're going to fight with their friends, when they're going to lose the game. Isn't it amazing how you have no control over your real life?'' But, Ms. Johnston said, ''I think, in a way, he did.'' [PAR] The life of ''Peanuts'' and Charles Schulz were completely intertwined. ''The strip and he were one,'' said Patrick McDonnell, who draws the cartoon ''Mutts.'' ''He put his heart and soul into that strip.'' ''Peanuts,'' which reached readers in 75 countries, 2,600 papers and 21 languages every day, made Mr. Schulz very rich. The ''Peanuts'' strips, merchandise and product endorsements brought in $1.1 billion a year. And Mr. Schulz was said to have earned about $30 million to $40 million annually. [PAR] His saga of Charlie Brown, Snoopy, Lucy and Linus ''is arguably the longest story ever told by one human being,'' Robert Thompson, a professor of popular culture at Syracuse University, observed on the PBS ''NewsHour'' with Jim Lehrer, longer than any epic poem, any Tolstoy novel, any Wagner opera. In all Mr. Schulz drew more than 18,250 strips in nearly 50 years. [PAR] Jules Feiffer, the cartoonist and playwright, said that the ''Peanuts'' characters endure because they were the first real children in the comics pages, ones with doubts and anxieties. And there were a lot of them. ''Linus, Lucy, Charlie Brown -- these interesting little people formed a repertory company,'' he said. [PAR] A Long-Running Ensemble Act [PAR] The cast of ''Peanuts'' changed remarkably little. It included Charlie Brown, a wishy-washy boy with a tree-loving kite and a losing baseball team; Snoopy, an unflappable beagle with a fancy inner life; Lucy, a fussbudget with a football and a curbside psychiatric clinic; Linus, a philosophical blanket-carrier; Sally, Charlie Brown's romantic little sister; Schroeder, a virtuoso on the toy piano and a Beethoven"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Exodus 20 NIV - The Ten Commandments - Bible Gateway Exodus 20 NIV - The Ten Commandments - And God spoke - Bible Gateway [PAR] Exodus 20New International Version (NIV) [PAR] The Ten Commandments [PAR] 20 And God spoke all these words: [PAR] 2 \u201cI am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. [PAR] 3 \u201cYou shall have no other gods before[ a ] me. [PAR] 4 \u201cYou shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. 5 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments. [PAR] 7 \u201cYou shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name. [PAR] 8 \u201cRemember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns. 11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. [PAR] 12 \u201cHonor your father and your mother, so that you may live long in the land the Lord your God is giving you. [PAR] 13 \u201cYou shall not murder. [PAR] 14 \u201cYou shall not commit adultery. [PAR] 15 \u201cYou shall not steal. [PAR] 16 \u201cYou shall not give false testimony against your neighbor. [PAR] 17 \u201cYou shall not covet your neighbor\u2019s house. You shall not covet your neighbor\u2019s wife, or his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.\u201d [PAR] 18 When the people saw the thunder and lightning and heard the trumpet and saw the mountain in smoke, they trembled with fear. They stayed at a distance 19 and said to Moses, \u201cSpeak to us yourself and we will listen. But do not have God speak to us or we will die.\u201d [PAR] 20 Moses said to the people, \u201cDo not be afraid. God has come to test you, so that the fear of God will be with you to keep you from sinning.\u201d [PAR] 21 The people remained at a distance, while Moses approached the thick darkness where God was. [PAR] Idols and Altars [PAR] 22 Then the Lord said to Moses, \u201cTell the Israelites this: \u2018You have seen for yourselves that I have spoken to you from heaven: 23 Do not make any gods to be alongside me; do not make for yourselves gods of silver or gods of gold. [PAR] 24 \u201c\u2018Make an altar of earth for me and sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and fellowship offerings, your sheep and goats and your cattle. Wherever I cause my name to be honored, I will come to you and bless you. 25 If you make an altar of stones for me, do not build it with dressed stones, for you will defile it if you use a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Geography | National, Park, Poland, Country, Border ... Geography | National, Park, Poland, Country, Border | Explore Poland [PAR] Explore Poland [PAR] Geography [PAR] Sunday, 24 June 2007 [PAR] The Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska) is one of the largest countries in Central Europe, bordering Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Germany. Its northern frontier on the Baltic Sea gives it easy access to Scandinavian and North Sea ports. Poland`s shape is roughly square, measuring 400-440 miles across. [PAR] The capital, Warsaw, is situated in the center of the country. Poland`s surface area of 120,727 sq. miles ranks eighth in Europe. The country lies almost entirely on the North European Plain and is a land of gentle relief, rarely rising above 350 feet except along the southern border with the Sudety and Carpathian mountain ranges. Rysy is the highest mountain peak, 8200 feet above sea level. [PAR] Approximately one-fifth of the land is maintained as pasture and meadows. About 27% of the total area is covered by forest. The longest rivers which cross the country northward are the Vistula (667 miles in length) in the center, and the Odra (530 miles) which flows along Poland`s western border. [PAR] Territory: [PAR] total area of the country -312,685 km2 (120,727sqm) [PAR] territorial sea - 8,7 thousands km2 [PAR] Poland is the 9th biggest country in Europe, and 63rd in the world. [PAR] Neighbouring countries (border length): [PAR] Russia (Kaliningrad District) (210 km) [PAR] Lithuania (103 km) [PAR] Length of sea border (528 km) [PAR] Total length of national border 3582 km [PAR] [PAR] Natural Environment [PAR] Poland is mostly lowland. [PAR] The average height equals 173 m. Low-laying parts of the country (lower than 300 m) constitute about 91,3 % of Poland\u2019s territory, uplands (300-500 m) \u2013 5,6 %, and mountains (over 500 m) only 3,1 %. [PAR] Despite the majority of lowland Polish landscape is very varied. Poland is famous for its lakes (there are over 9300 of them) and rivers (main rivers of Poland are Vistula (Wisla) and Odra). [PAR] [PAR] on the coast and the West from 0 to -1 [PAR] North-East from - 4,5 to - 5,5 [PAR] In the mountains (South)- 7 [PAR] July: [PAR] Average annual rainfall: 600 mm [PAR] The highest mountain`s peak: Rysy (Tatra mountains) 2499 m. [PAR] The longest river: Wisla (Vistula) 1047 km. [PAR] The biggest lake: Sniardwy (Mazury Lake District)b13,8 km2 [PAR] The deepest lake: Hancza 108 m [PAR] [PAR] National Parks: First national parks in Poland were established in the period between the World WarI and II. There are 23 national parks in Poland and they cover about 1% of the country`s area. The majority of landscape types and ecosystems found in Poland are represented within the parks. [PAR] Babia Gora National Park[DOC] [TLE] Gorce : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost Gorce : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Gorce is a region of the Carpathian mountains located in Poland, some 50km north from the famous Tatras . It is also common to mention Gorce as one region of the Beskides (Beskidy), which form the curve of the Northern Carpathians , from West (juction of the 3 borders CZ/SK/PL) to East (the Bieszczady ), despite Gorce is not named after the word \"Beskidy\" (Beskidy \u015al\u0105skie, Beskid Niski, etc...). [PAR] [PAR] With this page, I hope to encourage all Polish and Slovak english-writers to introduce more of these splendid regions which are surrounding the Tatras, which are over-described compared to them. I hope this work will inspire more pages about this kind"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Days of the Week in Spanish - Video & Lesson Transcript ... Days of the Week in Spanish - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com [PAR] Days of the Week in Spanish [PAR] Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today [PAR] An error occurred trying to load this video. [PAR] Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [PAR] You must create an account to continue watching [PAR] Register for a free trial [PAR] Are you a student or a teacher? [PAR] I am a student [PAR] Start Your Free Trial To Continue Watching [PAR] As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over [PAR] lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. [PAR] Coming up next: What Are the Months in Spanish? [PAR] You're on a roll. Keep up the good work! [PAR] Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds [PAR] 0:09 Days of the Week in Spanish [PAR] 1:14 Nursery Rhyme [PAR] 1:42 Favorite Days of the Week [PAR] 2:21 Review of Days of the Week [PAR] Add to Add to Add to [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. [PAR] Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. [PAR] Teachers [PAR] Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. [PAR] Students [PAR] Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. [PAR] From any lesson page: [PAR] Click \"Add to\" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. [PAR] From your dashboard: [PAR] Click on the \"Custom Courses\" tab, then click \"Create course\". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. [PAR] Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. [PAR] Personalize: [PAR] Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. [PAR] Organize: [PAR] Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. [PAR] Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. [PAR] Teacher Edition: [PAR] Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the \"Teacher\" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your \"Teacher\" tab. [PAR] Premium Edition: [PAR] You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. [PAR] Create an account to start this course today [PAR] Try it free for 5 days! [PAR] Lesson Transcript [PAR] Instructor: Ashley Garcias-Casas [PAR] In this lesson we will learn the days of the week in Spanish. In addition to vocabulary, you will learn the order of the days. Take note that in Spanish the week starts with Monday rather than Sunday. [PAR] What Are the Days of the Week in Spanish? [PAR] What a special treat. Today we're going to peek inside Ms. Silva's kindergarten class as they learn the days of the week. [PAR] -Buenos d\u00edas clase! [PAR] -Buenos d\u00edas se\u00f1orita Silva! [PAR] -Ok, clase. 7 d\u00edas de la semana. Cu\u00e1l es el primer d\u00eda de la semana? Marco? (Ok, class. 7 days of the week. What is the first day of the week? Marco?) [PAR] -Lunes. [PAR] -Bien! Lunes. Luego? (Good! Monday. Then?) [PAR] -Martes. [PAR] -Excelente! Lunes, martes\u2026 todos?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fanny Blankers-Koen | Dutch athlete | Britannica.com Fanny Blankers-Koen | Dutch athlete | Britannica.com [PAR] Fanny Blankers-Koen [PAR] Alternative Titles: Francina Elsje Koen, the Flying Housewife [PAR] Fanny Blankers-Koen [PAR] Shirley Strickland de la Hunty [PAR] Fanny Blankers-Koen, n\u00e9e Francina Elsje Koen (born April 26, 1918, Baarn, Neth.\u2014died Jan. 25, 2004, Amsterdam ), versatile Dutch track-and-field athlete, who was the first woman to win four gold medals at a single Olympics. She set world records in seven events. [PAR] Blankers-Koen first achieved success as a teenager, winning a Dutch national championship in the 800-metre run in 1935; the next year, at age 17, she placed sixth in the high jump and competed in the 4 \u00d7 100-metre relay at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin . Her time of 11.0 sec in the 100-yard dash in Amsterdam in 1938 tied a world record. She married her coach, Jan Blankers, in 1940. In 1942 and 1943 she set world records in the 80-metre hurdles (11.0 sec), high jump (1.71 metres [5.61 feet]), and long jump (6.25 metres [20.51 feet]). [PAR] Prior to the 1948 Olympics in London , some experts thought Blankers-Koen was too old to be an Olympic sprint champion, and others denounced her for not attending to her duties as a wife and mother of two. Olympic rules limited Blankers-Koen to participating in only three individual events at the 1948 Games. Despite her jumping records, she preferred track events and made them her focus. She won the 100-metre sprint by a comfortable margin, but in the 80-metre hurdles she had to overcome both a slow start and a bumped hurdle in order to secure a narrow victory. Despite winning gold in her first two events, an emotionally spent Blankers-Koen was not confident going into the 200-metre event. Feeling both pressured to win and reviled for even participating, she burst into tears and told her husband that she wanted to withdraw. She reconsidered, however, and went on to win the final by a decisive margin, despite muddy conditions. In her last event, the 4 \u00d7 100 relay, she received the baton in fourth place and caught the lead runner at the finish line. Nicknamed the \u201cFlying Housewife\u201d by the press, Blankers-Koen received a hero\u2019s welcome when she returned to the Netherlands. [PAR] In 1951, after the pentathlon had been modified to consist of the shot put , high jump, 200-metre sprint, 80-metre hurdles, and long jump, Blankers-Koen set the first modern pentathlon record, with 4,692 points. She failed to earn a medal in her final Olympic appearance in Helsinki , Finland, in 1952. In 1999 she was named the top female athlete of the 20th century by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF; later called the International Association of Athletics Federations ). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Fanny Blankers-Koen Facts - Biography - YourDictionary Fanny Blankers-Koen Facts [PAR] LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST [PAR] Fanny Blankers-Koen Facts [PAR] Fanny Blankers-Koen (born 1918) was known as the \"first queen of women's Olympics.\" She remains the first and only woman ever to win four gold medals at a single Olympics. When Blankers-Koen began her sports career, Norman Giller noted in The 1984 Olympic Handbook, \"women's athletics had been something of a sideshow\u2026 . She, more than anybody, made women athletes worthy of respect and attention, with a series of stunning performances in the London Olympics.\" [PAR] Fanny Blankers-Koen was born Francina Elsje Koen, the daughter of a government inspector in the Dutch city of Amsterdam in 1918. Her talent in sports was evident from a very"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yehudi Menuhin | Biography & History | AllMusic Yehudi Menuhin | Biography & History | AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] Artist Biography by Roger Dettmer [PAR] The legendary violinist Yehudi Menuhin was the eldest child of Russian-born Hebrew scholars who met in Palestine, emigrated to New York City, and moved to San Francisco soon after their son's birth. After just three years of violin study, Yehudi made a legendary debut at age seven with the local symphony. His Carnegie Hall debut three years later, in the Beethoven Violin Concerto, garnered praise that likened him to Mozart as a prodigy, whereupon the family (which now included sisters Hephzibah and Yaltah) lived gypsy-like in hotels wherever Yehudi was engaged at enormous fees. But the child's talent was instinctive. As Fritz Kreisler was to remark later on, \"Because the young Menuhin had anticipated so early and so much of what nature had given him, I foresaw that he would have great difficulties.\" And he did. [PAR] When an eminent elder colleague requested a scale after the boy had played Lalo's Symphonie espagnole flawlessly, Menuhin wrote in his autobiography, Unfinished Journey, \"I groped all over the fingerboard like a blind mouse.... I played the violin without being prepared for violin playing.\" He began recording early on (playing among other works Elgar 's Violin Concerto at 16, with the composer conducting) and continued to concertize, making a world tour of 73 cities during his 19th year. At the end, however, he felt \"tired, indifferent, and sad,\" and in 1936 began an 18-month sabbatical. Menuhin resumed playing in 1938, but never after with the sublime confidence of his preadolescent years. [PAR] During World War II he gave more than 500 concerts for Allied and American troops, but stirred a hornet's nest of controversy as the first major Jewish artist to perform in postwar Germany. Likewise, after the Six Day War in the Middle East, he was vilified for performing charity concerts in Arab countries. Increasingly he devoted himself to the training of young artists, both near London (which became his home in 1952) and at Gstaad, Switzerland. Also in 1952 he went to India, became a disciple of yoga, and a colleague of sitarist Ravi Shankar . He recorded with Shankar, as he did subsequently with jazz violinist St\u00e9phane Grappelli. In the middle 1950s Menuhin took up conducting, but was no better schooled than he had been as a child violinist -- and he was conspicuously less successful despite having made a steady stream of recordings begninning in 1958. At age 82 he was guest conducting the Warsaw Symphony on tour when he suffered a fatal heart attack in Berlin. [PAR] Menuhin was named Chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur in 1948, to the British knighthood in 1965, and to a Lordship in 1993. For his work on behalf of peace worldwide, he was named ambassador of goodwill to UNESCO in 1992. His dedication to the \"minds and hearts\" of young musicians well may be remembered after his pre-adult celebrity has faded to black. Menuhin married twice, fathered four children, and played frequent recitals with sisters Hephzibah (1920-1981), starting in 1930, and years later with Yaltah (1922-2001), notably at the Bath Festival he founded and directed in the 1960s.[DOC] [TLE] Yehudi Menuhin - Biography - IMDb Yehudi Menuhin - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Yehudi Menuhin [PAR] Jump to: Overview (2) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (7) | Personal Quotes (1) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] 12 March 1999 , Berlin, Germany (heart failure) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Yehudi Menuhin was born on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] List of archipelagos - StudyBlue List of archipelagos - StudyBlue [PAR] Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. [PAR] List of archipelagos [PAR] Canadian Arctic Archipelago ( the world's second largest )Belcher Islands [PAR] The Belcher Islands are an archipelago in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. Located in Hudson Bay. [PAR] Along with Flaherty Island, the other large islands are Kugong Island, Tukarak Island, and Innetalling Island.[1]Other major islands in the 1,500 island archipelago are Moore Island, Wiegand Island, Split Island, Snape Island and Mavor Island. [PAR] Canadian Arctic Archipelago ( the world's second largest )The Queen Elizabeth Islands (formerly Parry Islands or Parry Archipelago) [PAR] Ellesmere Island [PAR] Sverdrup Islands [PAR] Parry Islands [PAR] Amund Ringnes Island, Axel Heiberg Island, Bathurst Island,Borden Island, Cornwall Island, Cornwallis Island, Devon Island, Eglinton Island, Ellef Ringnes Island, Mackenzie King Island, Melville Island, and Prince Patrick Island.[1] [PAR] Advertisement ) [PAR] Franz Josef Land, Franz Joseph Land, or Francis Joseph's Land is anarchipelago located in the far north of Russia. It is found in the Arctic Ocean north of Novaya Zemlya and east of Svalbard, and is administered by Arkhangelsk Oblast. [PAR] Zemlya Aleksandry (Alexandra Land) [PAR] Ostrov Rudol'fa (Prince Rudolf Island) [PAR] Ostrov Kheysa / G.M.O.Imyenya Z.T.Krenkel'a. (Heiss Island) Krenkel [PAR] Ostrov Greem-Bell (Graham Bell Island) [PAR] Zemlya Georga (Prince George Land [PAR] Lofoten (Northern Sami: Lofuohta) is an archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway. Though lying within the Arctic Circle, the archipelago experiences one of the world's largest elevated temperature anomalies relative to its high latitude. [PAR] Southern tip of Hinn\u00f8ya. [PAR] Southern 60 % (approx.) of Austv\u00e5g\u00f8y [PAR] Gims\u00f8y [PAR] Flakstad\u00f8ya [PAR] Moskenes\u00f8ya [PAR] The New Siberian Islandsare an archipelago, located to the North of the East Siberian coast between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea north of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. [PAR] Kotelny Island [PAR] Vilkitsky Island [PAR] Zhokhov Island [PAR] Novaya Zemlya also known in English and in Dutch as Nova Zembla, Norwegian G\u00e5selandet (The Goose Land)) is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia and the extreme northeast of Europe at Cape Zhelaniya [PAR] Novaya Zemlya consists of two major islands, separated by the narrow Matochkin Strait, and a number of smaller islands. The two main islands are Severny (northern) and Yuzhny (southern). Novaya Zemlya separates the Barents Sea from the Kara Sea. [PAR] Severnaya Zemlya is an archipelago in the Russian high Arctic located off mainland Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula across the Vilkitsky Strait. This archipelago separates two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Kara Sea in the west and the Laptev Sea in the east. [PAR] October Revolution, Bolshevik, Komsomolets, and Pioneer [PAR] Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. Located north of mainland Europe, it is about midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. [PAR] Spitsbergen is the largest island, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edge\u00f8ya. [PAR] Barents\u00f8ya [PAR] Svensk\u00f8ya [PAR] Wilhelm\u00f8ya [PAR] The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that includes Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller islands. [PAR] There are two sovereign states located on the islands: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Ireland. The British Isles also include three dependencies of the British Crown: the Isle of Man and, by tradition, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands [PAR] The Chausey Islands south of Jersey are not generally included the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All the Presidents Children - Home All the Presidents Children - Home [PAR] All the Presidents Children [PAR] Here is the complete website on the children of the Presidents of the United States. Snapshot biographies, trivia and commentary. Excerpts from Doug Wead's New York Times bestseller, All the Presidents' Children. [PAR] Start Reading \"All the Presidents' Children\" in less than a minute on kindle. [PAR] Alice Roosevelt [PAR] Alice Roosevelt, the colorful and mischievous daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, was a celebrity in her time. The number one hit song in the nation was about her. A color was named after her. When she walked down the grand staircase of the White House on her wedding day, women broke into sobs and some fainted, saying afterward that she was the most beautiful creature they had ever seen. [PAR] Robert Todd Lincoln [PAR] Former President Taft, President Harding and Lincoln in 1922. [PAR] Robert Todd Lincoln, seen above on the right at the dedication of the Lincoln Memorial, was one of the most successful of presidential children. He was one of the wealthiest men in American, serving as president of the Pullman Palace Car Company, the Microsoft of its day. He was the Secretary of War under James Garfield and was Ambassador to the Court of St. James. Heads of State visiting the United States often asked to meet with Abraham Lincoln's son. [PAR] Tricia Nixon Cox had the only White House Rose Garden wedding of a presidents' child. [PAR] Susan Ford Bales [PAR] Susan Ford [PAR] Susan Ford Bales, daughter of President Gerald Ford, is a photojournalist, New York Times bestselling mystery writer and chairman of the board of the Betty Ford Clinic. She was an understudy of Ansel Adams. Her pictures have appeared in many of the world's greatest publications. [PAR] Michael Reagan [PAR] Ronald Reagan with his son, Michael, and grandkids [PAR] The Reagan's were a modern family. Maureen and Michael Reagan were children from the President's first marriage. Patti [PAR] Davis and Ron Reagan, Jr. were the children of the President and First Lady, Nancy Reagan. Michael is a successful author and television-radio commentator. [PAR] Amy Carter [PAR] Amy Carter being introduced to Chairman Brezhnev [PAR] Amy Carter, youngest daughter to President Jimmy Carter, caught the imagination of the nation. In 1980, the President mentioned her in the national debates, saying that he asked her to name the most important issue in the election and she had said nuclear disarmament. It became an issue for some who joked that the president was getting his advice from his daughter."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Live recording from The F A Cup final 1927 \"abide with Me ... Live recording from The F A Cup final 1927 \"abide with Me\" 92,000 voices - YouTube [PAR] Live recording from The F A Cup final 1927 \"abide with Me\" 92,000 voices [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Mar 3, 2010 [PAR] Recording of the Crowd at the F A Cup final 1927 singing Abide with me [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] The Cup Final (1961) - Duration: 7:54. British Path\u00e9 11,766 views [PAR] 7:54 [PAR] The story behind FA Cup's Anthem Abide With Me - Duration: 3:52. uchubi 3,507 views [PAR] 3:52 [PAR] soccer fan cries to Abide With Me by Katherine Jenkins 2004 FA Cup YouTube - Duration: 3:27. tubeway army 72,734 views [PAR] 3:27 [PAR] FA Cup Final \"Abide with Me\" - Duration: 2:32. musicandmediauk 7,296 views [PAR] 2:32 [PAR] ABIDE WITH ME-SUNG BY GERRY MARSDEN -PRE 1989 CUP FINAL-EVERTON FC V LIVERPOOL FC - Duration: 2:31. ELMSWOOD48 2,038 views [PAR] 2:31 [PAR] West Bromwich Albion v Birmingham City 1931 F A Cup final + homecoming parade - Duration: 3:44. holmleighnyd 4,350 views [PAR] 3:44"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The history of Stargazy Pie by Andrew Webb - lovefood.com The history of Stargazy Pie [PAR] The history of Stargazy Pie [PAR] Updated on 21 November 2013 | 0 Comments [PAR] Share the love [PAR] The small fishing village of Mousehole, Cornwall gives us one of our best food legends. Andrew Webb investigates. [PAR] The history of Stargazy Pie would make a great action movie. It is said to have been created in Mousehole, Cornwall (pronounced mow-zul) in honour of a brave fisherman called Tom Bawcock. Legend has it that Tom sailed out into a violent stormy sea to fish when the village was facing starvation. He returned with seven types of fish which were made into a pie and shared among the townsfolk, thus saving them from famine - hurrah! To this day his heroic deeds are celebrated every 23rd December in the town. [PAR] Gazing at the stars [PAR] The pie traditionally contained pilchards , with their heads poking out of the pastry crust. Dorothy Hartley mentions Stargazey Pies in her 1953 Food In England with a small drawing of each individual fish lovingly wrapped in pastry, like a fishy sausage roll with the heads protruding. She also describes a large family-sized pie version, and attributes the 'head poking out' effect to the Victorians, although hers are all arranged in a circular pattern with the heads lying at the edge of the pie like numbers on a clock face. [PAR] Other versions [PAR] Other chefs have taken inspiration from the dish. Mark Hix's version featured rabbit and crayfish under the pastry cover, with four of the crustaceans poking through the crust, and it was the main course at the British Embassy in Paris on the BBC's Great British Menu programme in 2007. [PAR] The Ship Inn [PAR] Of course there\u2019s scant evidence for the existence of Tom Bawcock, and it seems that the villagers couldn't have been that starving if they somehow found pastry, potatoes and eggs to make the pie. But facts be damned. It\u2019s a great excuse for a party. So if you\u2019re in the region on the 23rd, head to The Ship Inn , where every year they make a big Stargazy Pie. It contains seven types of fish in the pie filling, over which hard-boiled eggs are grated, then the pastry is topped with the obligatory pilchards peeking through. [PAR] Have you ever had Stargazy Pie? Are there any other food legends in your area which you'd like to share with us? Let us know in the comments box below. [PAR] Stargazy pie image by goodiesfirst [PAR] This is a classic lovefood article [PAR] You might also enjoy[DOC] [TLE] stargazy pie - definition of stargazy pie in English from ... stargazy pie - definition of stargazy pie in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of stargazy pie in English: [PAR] stargazy pie [PAR] noun [PAR] [mass noun] A kind of fish pie traditionally made in Cornwall, with the heads of the fish appearing through the crust. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018He produced both the main course (stargazy pie with wild rabbit and crayfish) and the pud Perry jelly with elderflower ice cream.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The stargazy pie is one of my favourites - it looks like it should be served up in a fairytale and although I have never tried it, I feel a stargazy pie experiment coming on.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A rack of Shetland lamb feels tight and tastes fatty, and stargazy pie offers only a fishy, oily cream and no real pie experience.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018There's a lantern procession, carols and much feasting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Naming the Sides of a Right-Angled Triangle Naming the Sides of a Right-Angled Triangle [PAR] Year 10 Interactive Maths - Second Edition [PAR] Naming the Sides of a Right-Angled Triangle [PAR] The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse. It is the largest side of a right-angled triangle. [PAR] If you stand at A in the triangle ABC, the side BC is opposite to you and the side AB is next to you. We therefore say that BC is the opposite side to angle A and AB is the adjacent side to angle A. [PAR] Notation [PAR] If you have trouble remembering the definitions, just remember SOH CAH TOA. [PAR] Using a Graphics Calculator [PAR] If you have a TI-83 graphics calculator, select Degree from the MODE menu and set Float to 4 to obtain the answers correct to 4 decimal places. Press QUIT to return to the Home Screen and clear the screen if necessary. [PAR] If you are using another calculator, consult its instruction booklet or ask your teacher how you can set its Mode to 'Degree mode' and the decimal places display to 4 places. [PAR] Example 1 [PAR] Evaluate the following to 4 decimal places: [PAR] Solution: [PAR] This is abbreviated as follows: [PAR] Example 2 [PAR] Note: [PAR] Key Terms[DOC] [TLE] Pythagoras Theorem - Math is Fun Pythagoras Theorem [PAR] Pythagoras' Theorem [PAR] Over 2000 years ago there was an amazing discovery about triangles: [PAR] When a triangle has a right angle (90\u00b0) ... [PAR] ... and squares are made on each of the three sides, ... [PAR] ... then the biggest square has the exact same area as the other two squares put together! [PAR] It is called \"Pythagoras' Theorem\" and can be written in one short equation: [PAR] a2 + b2 = c2 [PAR] c is the longest side of the triangle [PAR] a and b are the other two sides [PAR] Definition [PAR] The longest side of the triangle is called the \"hypotenuse\", so the formal definition is: [PAR] In a right angled triangle: [PAR] the square of the hypotenuse is equal to [PAR] the sum of the squares of the other two sides. [PAR] Sure ... ? [PAR] Let's see if it really works using an example. [PAR] Example: A \"3,4,5\" triangle has a right angle in it. [PAR] Let's check if the areas are the same: [PAR] 32 + 42 = 52 [PAR] It works ... like Magic! [PAR] Why Is This Useful? [PAR] If we know the lengths of two sides of a right angled triangle, we can find the length of the third side. (But remember it only works on right angled triangles!) [PAR] How Do I Use it? [PAR] Write it down as an equation: [PAR] [PAR] Now you can use algebra to find any missing value, as in the following examples: [PAR] Example: Solve this triangle. [PAR] You can also read about Squares and Square Roots to find out why \u221a169 = 13 [PAR] Example: Solve this triangle. [PAR] Take 81 from both sides: [PAR] b2 = 144 [PAR] Example: What is the diagonal distance across a square of size 1? [PAR] [PAR] c2 = 2 [PAR] c = \u221a2 = 1.4142... [PAR] It works the other way around, too: when the three sides of a triangle make a2 + b2 = c2, then the triangle is right angled. [PAR] Example: Does this triangle have a Right Angle? [PAR] [PAR] a2 + b2 = 102 + 242 = 100 + 576 = 676 [PAR] c2 = 262 = 676 [PAR] Yes, it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] prosciutto : Encyclopedia : Food Network prosciutto : Encyclopedia : Food Network [PAR] Categories: Prosciutto [PAR] Italian for \"ham,\" prosciutto is a term broadly used to describe a ham that has been seasoned, salt-cured (but not smoked) and air-dried. The meat is pressed, which produces a firm, dense texture. Italy's parma ham is the true prosciutto, although others are also now made in the United States. Italian prosciuttos are designated prosciutto cotto, which is cooked, and prosciutto crudo, which is raw (though, because of its curing, ready to eat). This type of Italian ham is also labeled according to its city or region of origin, for example prosciutto di Parma and prosciutto di San Daniele. Prosciutto is available in gourmet and Italian markets and some supermarkets. It's usually sold in transparently thin slices. Prosciutto is best eaten as is and is a classic first course when served with melon or figs. It can also be added at the last minute to cooked foods such as pastas or vegetables. Prolonged cooking will toughen it. [PAR] From The Food Lover's Companion, Fourth edition by Sharon Tyler Herbst and Ron Herbst. Copyright \u00a9 2007, 2001, 1995, 1990 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. [PAR] Related Recipes From Food Network"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Cameron Completes Record-Breaking Mariana Trench Dive James Cameron Completes Record-Breaking Mariana Trench Dive [PAR] James Cameron Completes Record-Breaking Mariana Trench Dive [PAR] Solo sub dive is deepest ever. [PAR] View Images [PAR] The DEEPSEA CHALLENGER sub during a February test off Papua New Guinea. Photograph by Mark Thiessen, National Geographic [PAR] At noon on Monday, local time, (10 p.m. Sunday ET) James Cameron 's \"vertical torpedo\" sub broke the surface of the western Pacific, carrying the National Geographic explorer and filmmaker back from the Mariana Trench 's Challenger Deep\u2014Earth's deepest, and perhaps most alien, realm. [PAR] Related Content [PAR] Tourists Try to See Great Barrier Reef Before It's Gone [PAR] The first human to reach the 6.8-mile-deep (11-kilometer-deep) undersea valley solo, Cameron arrived at the bottom with the tech to collect scientific data, specimens, and visions unthinkable in 1960, when the only other manned Challenger Deep dive took place, according to members of the National Geographic expedition. [PAR] After a faster-than-expected, roughly 70-minute ascent, Cameron's sub, bobbing in the open ocean, was spotted by helicopter and would soon be plucked from the Pacific by a research ship's crane. Earlier, the descent to Challenger Deep had taken 2 hours and 36 minutes. [PAR] Expedition member Kevin Hand called the timing of the DEEPSEA CHALLENGER sub's ascent \"perfect.\" [PAR] \"Jim came up in what must have been the best weather conditions we've seen, and it looks like there\u2019s a squall on the horizon,\" said Hand, a NASA astrobiologist and National Geographic emerging explorer . [PAR] Before surfacing about 300 miles (500 kilometers) southwest of Guam, Cameron spent hours hovering over Challenger Deep's desert-like seafloor and gliding along its cliff walls, the whole time collecting samples and video. [PAR] Among the 2.5-story-tall sub's tools are a sediment sampler, a robotic claw, a \"slurp gun\" for sucking up small seacreatures for study at the surface, and temperature, salinity, and pressure gauges. (See pictures of Cameron's sub .) [PAR] Now \"the science team is getting ready for the returned samples,\" said NASA's Hand. [PAR] Cameron\u2014best known for creating fictional worlds on film ( Avatar , Titanic , The Abyss )\u2014is expected to announce his initial findings later today. After analysis, full results are to be published in a future edition of National Geographic magazine . [PAR] ( Video: Cameron Dive Is an Exploration First. ) [PAR] \"The Ultimate Test\" [PAR] Retired U.S. Navy Capt. Don Walsh , who descended to Challenger Deep in 1960, said he was pleased to hear that Cameron had reached the underwater valley safely. [PAR] \"That was a grand moment, to welcome him to the club,\" Walsh, said in a telephone interview from the sub-support ship. [PAR] \"There're only three of us in it, and one of them\u2014late Swiss engineer Jacques Piccard\u2014\"is dead. Now it's just Jim and myself.\" [PAR] Expedition physician Joe MacInnis called Cameron\u2019s successful descent today \"the ultimate test of a man and his machine.\" [PAR] After breaching the ocean surface, the DEEPSEA CHALLENGER was first spotted by a helicopter owned by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen , a longtime Cameron friend. Allen was on the scene for the historic dive and posted live updates of the event on Twitter from aboard his yacht, the Octopus, which is providing backup support for the mission. [PAR] Science in Three Dimensions [PAR] Throughout the Mariana Trench dive, 3-D video cameras were kept whirring, and not just for the benefit of future audiences of planned documentaries. [PAR] \"There is scientific value in getting stereo images because ... you can determine the scale and distance of objects from stereo pairs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animal Farm Summary - eNotes.com Animal Farm Summary - eNotes.com [PAR] Animal Farm Summary [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Animal Farm Summary [PAR] In Animal Farm, Old Major convinces the animals of Manor Farm to rebel against their farm\u2019s owner. After Old Major's death, the pigs take control of the farm animals, to disastrous results. [PAR] Animal Farm summary key points: [PAR] Old Major dies and is succeeded by pigs Snowball and Napoleon, who rally the animals and drive all the humans off the farm. [PAR] The pigs produce seven commandments to ensure equality on Animal Farm, but soon begin to award themselves special privileges. [PAR] After a power struggle, Napoleon drives Snowball off the farm. He relies on fear and propaganda to keep the animals working on the windmill project. [PAR] Life for all animals but pigs becomes brutal; the pigs kill dissenting animals, stand on two legs, drink alcohol, and move into Mr. Jones\u2019s house. [PAR] link Link [PAR] Summary of the Novel [PAR] The animals of Manor Farm have always been miserable under Mr. Jones and his men. They have come to accept their difficult lives as part of the natural order of things. It is Old Major, a prize-winning boar, who shares his dreams with the other animals. He tells them that the cause of all their suffering is man. With man gone, the animals would enjoy the abundance the land provides and build a new society based on equality. He says that Jones has no concern for the animals\u2014that he uses them until they are no longer productive. He butchers the pigs and drowns the dogs when they get old. Old Major predicts that Jones will even sell Boxer, the horse, and the hardest and most faithful worker on the farm, to the slaughterhouse once he is no longer able to work. He encourages the animals to work for this revolution. He warns them never to become like man and to always treat each other as equals. [PAR] Three nights later, Old Major dies, and the task of preparing the animals for the revolution falls to the pigs, who are smarter than the others and who later teach themselves to read. Three young pigs, the intellectual Snowball, the domineering Napoleon and the eloquent Squealer, organize Old Major\u2019s dream of the future into a political philosophy called Animalism. [PAR] When the drunken Mr. Jones fails to feed the animals one night, the animals drive him and his men off the farm. They change the name to \u201cAnimal Farm,\u201d and the pigs, who seem to have assumed leadership, write the principles of Animalism, reduced to Seven Commandments, on the barn wall. These are to be the unalterable rules by which the animals will live ever after: [PAR] 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. [PAR] 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. [PAR] 3. No animal shall wear clothes. [PAR] 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. [PAR] 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. [PAR] 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. [PAR] 7. All animals are equal. [PAR] At first the revolution seems to be a success. All of the animals, directed and supervised by the pigs, work hard to bring in the harvest. But there are indications from the beginning that the pigs treat themselves specially. They remain the supervisors, doing no physical labor, and they take extra food (mild and windfall apples) for themselves instead of sharing with the others. Meanwhile Jones, with the aid of his neighbors, tries to retake the farm. They are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Sigatoka, an Important Disease of Banana Black Sigatoka, an Important Disease of Banana [PAR] Black Sigatoka of Banana: The most important disease of a most important fruit [PAR] Ploetz, R.C. 2001. Black Sigatoka of Banana. The Plant Health Instructor. [PAR] DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2001-0126-02. [PAR] Tropical Research and Education Center, [PAR] University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead [PAR] Origins and importance of banana as a food crop [PAR] Banana is one of the most fascinating and important of all crops. It is a large monocotyledenous herb that originated in Southeast Asia. Virtually all of the cultivars that are grown are thought to have been selected as naturally occurring hybrids in this region by the earliest of farmers. In fact, Norman Simmonds proposed that banana was one of the first crops to be domesticated by man. In writing of the beginnings of agriculture in Southeast Asia, he concluded, \"It seems a reasonable assumption that the bananas evolved along with the earliest settled agriculture of that area and may therefore be some tens of thousands of years old.\" [PAR] Despite the current, clear understanding of its ancestry, the edible bananas' origins are often confused in the literature. Almost all of the 300 or more cultivars that are known arose from two seeded, diploid species, Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla; they are diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids among subspecies of M. acuminata, and between M. acuminata and M. balbisiana. [PAR] Conventionally, the haploid contributions of the respective species to the cultivars are noted with an A and B. For example, the Cavendish cultivars that are the mainstays of the export trades are pure triploid acuminata and, thus, AAA. The Linnaean species M. paradisiaca (the AAB plantains) and M. sapientum (the sweet dessert bananas, of which Silk AAB is the type cultivar) are invalid and no longer used. [PAR] Women selling fruit of Dwarf Cavendish AAA and Pisang awak ABB in a market in Karonga, Malawi, East Africa. The lower photograph shows preparation of male buds of Pisang awak for cooking in a market in Sungai Kolok, Thailand. For many of the world\u2019s poorest people, banana is a nutritious and important staple food. [PAR] Banana is now one of the most popular of all fruits. Although it is viewed as only a dessert or an addition to breakfast cereal in most developed countries, it is actually a very important agricultural product. After rice, wheat and milk, it is the fourth most valuable food. In export, it ranks fourth among all agricultural commodities and is the most significant of all fruits, with world trade totaling $2.5 billion annually. Yet, only 10% of the annual global output of 86 million tons enters international commerce. Much of the remaining harvest is consumed by poor subsistence farmers in tropical Africa, America and Asia. For most of the latter producers, banana and plantain (which is a type of banana) are staple foods that represent major dietary sources of carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins A, B6 and C, and potassium, phosphorus and calcium. [PAR] This photograph shows seed-packed fruit of Musa balbisiana, one of the ancestors of the edible bananas. Since the edible cultivars are parthenocarpic and often female or male sterile, seeds are rarely found in their fruit. The latter factors, however, have made it difficult to improve this crop by breeding. [PAR] Click image to enlarge. [PAR] Impact of banana diseases [PAR] Diseases are among the most important factors in banana production worldwide. They are the reasons for which all of the world\u2019s breeding programs were created and remain a primary focus of all current programs. Recently, diseases"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Wide Words: Whiff-waff World Wide Words: Whiff-waff [PAR] Random page [PAR] Whiff-waff [PAR] Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson, Mayor of London, had a good 2012 Olympics. He was in the news almost every day through popping up in bumbling good humour in the media and at many events. Even his being stuck on a zip-wire 15ft above the ground on the banks of the Thames for several minutes, which would have been a humiliating catastrophe for most politicians, was salvaged by his banter with the watching audience. [PAR] Another frequent reference to him in news reports in the past two weeks has been to his speech at a party to mark the handover of the Olympic flag at the end of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. He declaimed, \u201cPing-pong was invented on the dining tables of England, ladies and gentlemen, in the 19th century. [CHEERS] It was, and it was called whiff-whaff.\u201d Experts jumped on him at the time, telling him he\u2019d got his facts wrong. Chuck Hoey, Curator of the International Table Tennis Federation\u2019s Museum in Lausanne, wrote a heavily illustrated article setting out all the facts, which he entitled Boris Johnson and the Whiff-Waff Gaffe. [PAR] Yes, Whiff-Waff. No second h. Every journalist who has written of Whiff-Whaff in recent weeks has spelled it wrong (including those on 28 July who reported the claim by the French ambassador to London, Bernard Emi\u00e9, that table tennis was invented in France, which led to a furious rebuttal by Johnson). We probably can\u2019t blame Boris for the way the Beijing reports were spelled, as his comments were on TV and reporters naturally wrote it the way it sounded through the overwhelming influence of standard word reduplication. However, Boris did use the whiff-whaff spelling in his book Johnson\u2019s Life of London of 2011. There\u2019s nothing new in the error \u2014 every reference I\u2019ve found on both sides of the Atlantic going back to the 1930s has included both hs. [PAR] An original boxed set of Whiff-Waff [PAR] Mr Hoey explained that Whiff-Waff was actually a latecomer to the game, being registered as a trademark by the British manufacturer Slazenger on 31 December 1900. I have failed to find contemporary newspaper references to the product or even advertisements for it, so we must assume that it wasn\u2019t hugely successful. The name survived better in the US than in the UK, which is perhaps why one French website suggests that it was an American invention. Unlike Whiff-Waff, the name of the competitor trademarked by Hamley Brothers of London four months earlier has entered the language: Ping-Pong. An onomatopoeic allusion to the sound of ball on bat and table, the name seems to have been known earlier to describe an improvised indoor version of lawn tennis (in tradition, played by bored army officers using balls made from champagne corks and bats fashioned from cigar box lids). [PAR] Gossima was just one of the games being promoted by Jaques and Son for Christmas 1898. This advertisement appeared in The Graphic on 10 December that year. [PAR] Jaques and Son, also of London, brought out Gossima in 1891, which had some success, though a decade later it was incorporated into Ping-Pong, being sold for a while under both names. The true creator of the game, Mr Hoey explained, was the unsung David Foster, who patented a version in 1890 but had no commercial success with it. [PAR] Incidentally, the name now standard for the game, table tennis, is recorded from the late 1880s for a number of games, including one whose description reads like a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul Weller - Biography - IMDb Paul Weller - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Paul Weller [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (12) | Personal Quotes (20) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 11\" (1.8 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Has 5 children: Daughters Leah, Dylan, and Jesamine, and sons Nathaniel and Stevie. His mother named him John after contracting polio of the throat right after his birth. She was bordering on delirium and blurted out the first name she thought of. She later renamed him Paul, but his name has never been legally changed. [PAR] He started his musical career as the guitarist and lead singer of the Jam in 1976, then in 1983 formed the Style Council with Mick Talbot. The band broke up after their record label refused to release their final album, and he embarked on a solo career in 1990. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: LadyCole [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] Trivia (12) [PAR] Performed at the anti-war \"One Big No\" concert at Shepherd's Bush Empire, London. [March 2003] [PAR] He was a member of Band Aid in 1984 and when Bono didn't turn up for the performance of \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" on BBC television's \"Top of the Pops\", he mimed the U2 frontman's line. [PAR] Singer/songwriter/guitarist for The Jam from 1975 until its demise in 1982, releasing six studio albums from 1977 to 1982. He then led The Style Council from 1983 until 1990, releasing six more studio albums. He has been a solo artist ever since, releasing the studio albums \"Paul Weller\" (1992), \"Wild Wood\" (1994), \"Stanley Road\" (1995), \"Heavy Soul\" (1997), \"Heliocentric\" (2000), \"Illumination\" (2002) and \"As is Now\" (2005). In addition to his studio albums, he has released a live album, a greatest hits album and a collection of odds and ends (2004's \"Fly on the Wall\"). [PAR] A member of Red Wedge, an association of left-wing celebrities who campaigned for the Labour Party in the 1987 British general election. [PAR] He was the winner of the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist in two consecutive years, 1995 and 1996. He also won the 2005 Q magazine Outstanding Contribution to Music Award and the 2006 Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution. [PAR] Winner of the 1995 Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist. [PAR] Winner of the 2006 Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution. [PAR] Winner of the 2005 Q Outstanding Contribution to Music Award. [PAR] He allegedly declined a C.B.E. (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in 2007 for his services to music. [PAR] A fan of soul music. \"Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul\" is one of his favorite albums. [PAR] Weller publicly opposed Paul Simon 's decision to record his album Graceland in apartheid South Africa in the 1980s. When Simon played the first of six nights at London's Royal Albert Hall on April 7 1987, Weller joined Jerry Dammers and Billy Bragg in protesting outside and delivered a letter demanding that Simon give a \"complete and heartfelt apology to the UN General Assembly\". [PAR] Paul and his wife Hannah are reportedly expecting twins in April 2012. [PAR] Personal Quotes (20) [PAR] Unfortunately these days, if you don't get a hit single and your first album doesn't sell one point whatever million you don't get a chance to make your second one. Pop Idol (2001), Popstars (2001), Fame Academy (2002), the rest of them - I don't think they are causing any problems whatsoever - they are coming up with acts that people do like and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Gabba - Home The Gabba - Home [PAR] The Gabba [PAR] 20 Jan 06:40 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] WBBL: Heat v Strikers [PAR] 21 Jan 10:00 AM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] QLD Bulls v TAS Tigers [PAR] 1 Feb 10:00 AM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Adele Live [PAR] 4 Mar 07:30 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Adele Live [PAR] 5 Mar 07:30 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] QLD Bulls v VIC Bushrangers [PAR] 16 Mar 10:30 AM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Brisbane Lions v Essendon [PAR] 1 Apr 06:25 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Brisbane Lions v Richmond [PAR] 16 Apr 04:40 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Brisbane Lions v Port Adelaide [PAR] 29 Apr 04:35 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Brisbane Lions v Adelaide Crows [PAR] 20 May 07:25 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Brisbane Lions v Geelong Cats [PAR] 8 Jul 07:25 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Brisbane Lions v Gold Coast Suns [PAR] 12 Aug 04:35 PM Event info | Tickets | Transport [PAR] Brisbane Lions v North Melbourne"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] errare - English translation - bab.la French-English ... errare - English translation - bab.la French-English dictionary [PAR] Did you mean: erreur , errer ? [PAR] [PAR] Context sentences [PAR] Context sentences for \"errare\" in English [PAR] These sentences come from external sources and may not be accurate. bab.la is not responsible for their content. Read more here . [PAR] Madame la Pr\u00e9sidente, errare humanum est, perseverere diabolicum disaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les Romains. [PAR] Madam Speaker, errare humanum est, persevere diabolicum, said the Romans. [PAR] Monsieur le Pr\u00e9sident, est-ce que je peux ajouter: Errare humanum est perseverare diabolicum. [PAR] Mr President, can I just add that to err is human; to persist is of the devil. [PAR] Monsieur le Pr\u00e9sident, errare humanum est, perseverare diabolicum. [PAR] (FR) Mr President, 'to err is human, to persist is diabolical'. [PAR] Mais nul n'ignore le proverbe latin \u00ab errare humanum est \u00bb. [PAR] But members are familiar with the Latin proverb, \u201cerrare humanum est\u201d. [PAR] Errare humanum est, perseverare diabolicum. [PAR] Errare humanum est, perseverare diabolicum. [PAR] M. Mastorakis a fait une citation en grec, j'en ferai une en latin : errare humanum est, perseverare autem diabolicum. [PAR] Mr Mastorakis has already quoted some Greek to you and I am going to quote some Latin: errare humanum est, perseverare autem diabolicum. [PAR] M. Mastorakis a fait une citation en grec, j'en ferai une en latin: errare humanum est, perseverare autem diabolicum. [PAR] Mr Mastorakis has already quoted some Greek to you and I am going to quote some Latin: errare humanum est, perseverare autem diabolicum. [PAR] Cela me rappelle la locution latine disant que errare humanum est, autrement dit qu'il est de la nature de l'homme de se tromper... mais qu'il est diabolique de pers\u00e9v\u00e9rer. [PAR] What comes to mind is the old Latin saying, errare humanum est, but it is a shame to see the same mistake being made again and again. [PAR] Cela me rappelle la locution latine disant que errare humanum est , autrement dit qu'il est de la nature de l'homme de se tromper... mais qu'il est diabolique de pers\u00e9v\u00e9rer. [PAR] What comes to mind is the old Latin saying, errare humanum est , but it is a shame to see the same mistake being made again and again."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US singer Eddie Fisher dies at 82 - BBC News US singer Eddie Fisher dies at 82 - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] US singer Eddie Fisher dies at 82 [PAR] 24 September 2010 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Eddie Fisher on the day of his wedding to Elizabeth Taylor in 1959 [PAR] US singer Eddie Fisher, who sold millions of records in the 50s and was married to Elizabeth Taylor and Debbie Reynolds, has died at the age of 82. [PAR] Fisher was a teen idol in the 1950s with dozens of Top 40 hits and his own TV show. [PAR] His marriage to Debbie Reynolds produced two children, including Carrie Fisher, who starred as Princess Leia in the original Star Wars trilogy. [PAR] Fisher was married five times in all, including also to Connie Stevens. [PAR] One of the greatest voices of the century passed away - he was an extraordinary talent [PAR] Fisher family statement [PAR] Fisher's top songs included Thinking of You, Any Time and Oh, My Pa-pa. [PAR] His divorce from Debbie Reynolds to marry Elizabeth Taylor caused sensational headlines. [PAR] 'American icon' [PAR] His daughter, Tricia Leigh Fisher, told Associated Press that Fisher had died on Wednesday night of complications from hip surgery at a hospital in Berkeley, California. [PAR] Image caption Eddie Fisher had two children with Connie Stevens, his third wife [PAR] \"Late last evening the world lost a true America icon,\" Fisher's family said in a statement. \"One of the greatest voices of the century passed away. He was an extraordinary talent.\" [PAR] Edwin Jack Fisher was born in August 1928 in Philadelphia. [PAR] He married Debbie Reynolds in 1955 and the pair were dubbed \"America's favourite couple\". [PAR] But he sensationally divorced her after Elizabeth Taylor's husband, and Fisher's best friend, Mike Todd, was killed in a 1958 plane crash. [PAR] Fisher and Taylor married in 1959 but it lasted only five years. She then married Richard Burton. [PAR] Fisher then had two daughters with Connie Stevens and he married twice more.[DOC] [TLE] Connie Stevens - News - IMDb Connie Stevens - News [PAR] NEWS [PAR] By Greg Hernandez [PAR] HollywoodNews.com: Carrie Fisher has had one helluva life. [PAR] She\u2019s got a movie star for a mom ( Debbie Reynolds ) and a famous singer for a dad ( Eddie Fisher ) and Elizabeth Taylor and Connie Stevens among her stepmothers. [PAR] Among her ex-husbands is singer Paul Simon and her half-sister is actress Joely Fisher . [PAR] That\u2019s just the family stuff. [PAR] Carrie herself became a huge movie star playing Princess Leia in the original Star Wars trilogy and went on to become an acclaimed novelist and screenwriter (\u2018 Postcards From the Edge \u2019). [PAR] Through it all, she has battled drug addiction and mental illness and developed a brilliant sense of humor and openness about it all. [PAR] That\u2019s why you have got to watch her new HBO special \u2018 Wishful Drinking \u2019 which premieres tonight. She is a 54-year-old poster child for the thrills and pitfalls of growing up in Hollywood. [PAR] When Carrie appeared \u00bb [PAR] 9 November 2010 11:03 AM, PST | backstage.com | See recent Backstage news \u00bb [PAR] Connie Stevens resigned Monday from the Screen Actors Guild\u2019s national board of directors, making the announcement at a meeting of the guild\u2019s Hollywood board. Stevens had served as secretary-treasurer of SAG from 2005 to 2009, when she was defeated in her re-election bid by the current secretary-treasurer, Amy Aquino .A member of SAG\u2019s MembershipFirst faction, Stevens told Variety that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Culture - Ranking the James Bond authors after Ian ... BBC - Culture - Ranking the James Bond authors after Ian Fleming [PAR] Britain [PAR] Ranking the James Bond authors after Ian Fleming [PAR] Since Ian Fleming\u2019s death, six authors have inherited the James Bond literary franchise and continued to write novels about the spy. Which is the best? Jane Ciabattari finds out. [PAR] By Jane Ciabattari [PAR] 8 August 2014 [PAR] In 1953, Ian Fleming\u2019s novel Casino Royale introduced one of the most popular literary characters ever: the secret agent with the blue eyes, black hair and \u201ccruel mouth\u201d, the persistent appetites (for women, food and that special \u201cshaken, not stirred\u201d martini) and the immortal line \u201cBond, James Bond\u201d. [PAR] By the time Fleming, a former journalist and naval intelligence officer, died on 12 August 1964 at the age of 56, he had written 14 James Bond books and established the basis for his estate to manage the franchise. Fleming\u2019s 007 prototype has proven, indestructible, surviving through 23 films and also 24 additional novels written by six successive authors (not including the movie novelisations). [PAR] The James Bond books have had their ups and downs. Fleming was a shrewd and perceptive chronicler of a Cold War world much more dangerous than ordinary citizens understood it to be. He created Bond as a blunt instrument wielded by his superiors to preserve and protect. Fleming fleshed out his 007 with a flair for clothes and cars, a powerful athleticism and a fondness for women paired with a tragic inability to maintain love. When Fleming\u2019s Bond was caught, as he always was, the villain made him suffer. Readers knew that at some point, however, Bond would always prevail. Fleming\u2019s work was noir with a safe landing at the end. He wrote with a rare combination of clarity, action, sensuous detail, wit and fantasy. [PAR] Kingsley Amis, author of the first post-Ian Fleming 007 novel and the first critical appraisal, The James Bond Dossier, coined the still useful term \u201cThe Fleming effect\u201d, which he describes as \u201cthe imaginative use of information, whereby the pervading fantastic nature of Bond\u2019s world, as well as the temporary, local, fantastic elements in the story, are bolted down in some sort of reality\u201d. Some of Fleming\u2019s successors come up short when it comes to the crucial balance between imagination, authenticity and believability. Many are influenced as much by the film versions as by Fleming himself. Some have replaced Fleming\u2019s Cold War plots with alternative wartime scenarios, to varying degrees of success. A few have lost the daring and witty Fleming flavour altogether. The most successful maintain his taut action style while adding psychological depth and a contemporary sense of humour. [PAR] Here\u2019s my ranking of the six authors to carry on Fleming\u2019s literary legacy: [PAR] 6. Raymond Benson [PAR] Benson, author of the reference book The James Bond Bedside Companion (1984), wrote six Bond books between 1996 and 2002. He had two directives, he notes in the introduction to Choice of Weapons, a compendium of three of his 007 novels: \u201cMake the character of M a woman (to stay in synchronization with the Pierce Brosnan/Judi Dench films), and to somehow blend more contemporary elements (more action, gadgetry, humor).\u201d [PAR] Zero Minus Ten, Benson\u2019s first novel, was set just before the British handover of Hong Kong to the People\u2019s Republic of China in 1997. Bond ends up allied with the head of a Hong Kong triad in a race to keep the handover from becoming an explosive international disaster. Benson\u2019s settings are effective, but he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Bond (Character) - Biography - IMDb James Bond (Character) - Biography [PAR] biography [PAR] from Dr. No (1962) [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. [PAR] Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. [PAR] Character Biography [PAR] History [PAR] Discuss [PAR] COMMANDER JAMES BOND, CMG, RNVR (Sean Connery, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan, Daniel Craig), a/k/a AGENT 007 OF HM SECRET SERVICE, and once miscalled SIR JAMES BOND KCMG (David Niven), was and is the most valuable member of that elite force within Her Majesty's Secret Service known as the Double O section, the members of which are literally licensed to kill. (In fact, Admiral Sir Miles Messervy, the first \" M \" or head of the Secret Service when Bond got his Double O number, once offered to recommend Commander Bond for knighthood. Out of the sheer stubbornness of the Scottish peasant he was and is, Bond definitely refused. See Fleming I, The Man With the Golden Gun, for details.) [PAR] Background [PAR] In Fleming's stories James Bond is an ageless character in his mid-to-late thirties. In Moonraker, he admits to being eight years shy of mandatory retirement. James Bond's birth year is unknown because Fleming changed the dates and times of events. Most researchers and biographers conclude that he was born either in 1917, 1920, 1921, or 1924 (see more). Fleming never said where James Bond was born, although people have speculated based on derivative works. You Only Live Twice reveals Bond is the son of a Scottish father, Andrew Bond, of Glencoe, and a Swiss mother, Monique Delacroix, of the Canton de Vaud. The boy James Bond spends much of his early life abroad, becoming multilingual in German and French because of his father's work as a Vickers armaments company representative. When his parents are killed in a mountain climbing accident in the Aiguilles Rouges near Chamonix, eleven-year-old James is orphaned. [PAR] In On Her Majesty's Secret Service, the Bond family motto might be Orbis non sufficit (Latin for \"The world is not enough\"). The coat of arms and motto belonged to the historical Sir Thomas Bond; his relation to James Bond is unclear and neglected by the latter. In fact, he is indifferent to his potential genealogical relationship to Sir Thomas Bond, demonstrated by his abrupt response to Griffin Or on being told of the motto: Griffin Or broke in excitedly, 'And this charming motto of the line, \"The World Is Not Enough\". You do not wish to have the right to it?' [PAR] 'It is an excellent motto which I shall certainly adopt,' said Bond curtly. He looked pointedly at his watch. 'Now I'm afraid we really must get down to business. I have to report back to my Ministry.' (However, in The World Is Not Enough, Bond cites this motto by way of throwing Electra King's temptation, \"I could have given you the world,\" back into her face.) [PAR] After the death of his parents, he goes to live with his aunt, Miss Charmian Bond, in Pett Bottom village, where he completes his early education. Later, he briefly attends Eton College at \"12 or thereabouts\" (13 in Young Bond), but is removed after four halves because of girl trouble with a maid. He reminisces about losing his virginity at sixteen, on a first visit to Paris, in the short story \"From a View to a Kill\". Bond is removed from Eton and sent to Fettes"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Felix Leiter (David Hedison) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Felix Leiter (David Hedison) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Felix Leiter (David Hedison) [PAR] James Bond: \"I owe it to Leiter. He's put his life on the line for me many times before.\" [PAR] M: \"Oh, spare me this sentimental rubbish! He knew the risks.\" [PAR] \u2015James Bond and M [src] [PAR] Felix Leiter is a fictional character invented by Ian Fleming in the James Bond books, who also appears in the Bond movies. In the films, Leiter works for the CIA , and assists Bond in his various adventures. He was portrayed by David Hedison in the 1973 film Live and Let Die and the 1989 film Licence to Kill . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Live and Let Die [PAR] Felix is in New York investigating Mr. Big , James Bond's new target. The pair travel to one of Big's fronts, the Fillet of Soul restaurant in Harlem, where Felix steps out for a moment, leaving Bond on his own. Meanwhile Bond was captured by Mr. Big leaving Leiter to return wondering where he was. A barkeep at the club said that he had left without him, leaving Leiter puzzled. [PAR] Leiter, later returns to assist Bond after a crisis in Louisiana, dealing with Sheriff J.W. Pepper clearing up Bond's encounter with the local police. Later, he, Bond and Quarrel Jr. set off to destroy Big's crops and rescue Solitaire . He later bid Bond and Solitaire farewell on the train home as they were getting on. [PAR] Licence to Kill [PAR] Felix, now working for the DEA , and James Bond arrest a drug runner before parachuting into Leiter's wedding. On his honeymoon, fellow DEA agent Ed Killifer assisted in breaking Franz Sanchez out after accepting $2,000,000 from the drug dealer, Felix is kidnapped and maimed by Sanchez by being lowered into a shark tank while Della was raped and murdered. After being maimed, they threw his body back into his house and left a note saying \"He disagreed with something that ate him\". [PAR] Felix being fed to the shark. [PAR] James, who was heading home had heard Sanchez' escape from an airport employee and went over and found Della dead, Leiter's office ransacked of his files and a bloodied Leiter. 007 soon answered a call inteded for Felix but soon informed him to call an ambulance. Bond, in the process was fired from MI6 and went rogue to take his revenge on Sanchez in this film for these actions. Near the end of the film after 007 killed Sanchez with Leiter's best man present, Leiter had almost recovered and while talking to James, he said he'll be out of the hospital and James recommend some fishing and Felix said M tried to get to Bond and said he is rehiring him into MI6 . [PAR] Leiter mentions that he knew James was once married 'but it was a long time ago', despite never having met Tracy Bond . [PAR] Production [PAR] To play the part of Leiter in 1973 David Hedison was chosen for the part. He was actually hired for the part before Roger Moore was cast. The two were already friends and Pfeiffer and Worrall consider that this friendship comes though, with \"genuine chemistry\" between the two on screen. Hedison played the role with an understated charm, although the script did not give Leiter much to do. Raymond Benson thought him miscast, but acknowledged that \"he's the best Leiter next to Rik Van Nutter .\" [PAR] Hedison returned"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gobinda - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Gobinda | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Last [PAR] Octopussy [PAR] Gobinda is Kamal Khan 's primary and most loyal henchman and the secondary villain of the 1983 film Octopussy . He was played by Kabir Bedi . [PAR] Film biography [PAR] Bond first spies the tall, imposing man when Gobinda is acting as chauffeur for Kahn and Magda in Bond Street after the Sotheby's auction. Later in India, it is clear Gobinda means business when he destroys the rigged dice at the hotel casino and peruses 007 and his Indian ally, Vijay, through the Udaipur markets. Ultimately the goon captures Bond, after Magda seduces the spy, and he is swiftly transported to stay as Kahn's 'guest' at the Monsoon Palace. [PAR] Shortly afterward Gobinda chases Bond and Vijay through the streets of Delhi in Tuk-Tuks. [PAR] Gobinda appears in a number of scenes, generally accompanying Kamal Khan wherever he goes, and performing various other duties, mainly security based. He confronts Bond on a number of occasions, the highlights being their fight aboard Octopussy\u2019s train, and the climatic high altitude finale, where Gobinda falls to his death. [PAR] Gobinda is the personal henchman to Kamal Khan. He takes the role of assassin, bodyguard and also some of the roles of a servant. Like so many Villains around this time, Gobinda is tall, well built, speaks little, but has a large on-screen presence. Addressing Kamal Khan as \u2018Your Excellency\u2019, Gobinda follows the orders of his master, even when Kamal instructs him to fight Bond atop their airborne plane, albeit understandably with some reluctance. His reluctance was with good concern, as that was a very risky venture that ultimately led to Gobinda's doom. Bond figured he was outmatched and wing-walking makes a poor choice for a battleground. While Gobinda is attempting to grab Bond, 007 pulls back the plane's antenna and snaps it at Gobinda's head. Gobinda screams in pain due to the blistering sting of the antenna's snap, and it also causes him to loosen his arm's grip on the fuselage, causing him to fall to his death. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] After Bond wins Kamal\u2019s fixed game of backgammon, Gobinda crushes the loaded dice with his bare hands \u2013 similar of Oddjob crushing Goldfinger\u2019s golf ball 19 years earlier. [PAR] Gobinda was similar to Necros : they were large men fiercely loyal to their boss, both seemed to overpower Bond in an even fight and both men died from being defenestrated from an airplane in flight.[DOC] [TLE] Gobinda - Villains Wiki - Wikia Gobinda | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Gobinda [PAR] Gobinda is Kamal Khan 's primary and most loyal henchman and the tertiary villain of the 1983 James Bond film Octopussy. [PAR] He was portrayed by Kabir Bedi. [PAR] Role [PAR] When 007 defeats Kamal in a game of backgammon, Gobinda crushes the dice with his bare hands kind of like Oddjob crushing the golf ball with his bare hand you know. Then later, Gobinda and Kamal's other henchmen chase Bond and Vijay through the streets of Delhi driving Tuk - Tuks and tries to shoot 007 and Vijay but fails in doing so. Gobinda acts as Kamal's sidekick and security and knocks out Bond, in his hotel room, after Magda seduces him and steals the real Faberge egg. Gobinda takes 007 to Kamal's home, where 007 finds out that Kamal Khan is working with Orlov . [PAR] Later Gobinda fights Bond on Octopussy 's train in Germany but fails in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shirley Bassey - Diamonds Are Forever / GOLDFINGER (2002 ... Shirley Bassey - Diamonds Are Forever / GOLDFINGER (2002 Live) - YouTube [PAR] Shirley Bassey - Diamonds Are Forever / GOLDFINGER (2002 Live) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 24, 2011 [PAR] 2002 (Shirley's appearance on a BAFTA James Bond Tribute Show - Performing these two theme songs decades after her original recordings....The Dame's still got it!) [PAR] ABOUT the song, Goldfinger: [PAR] \"Goldfinger\" was the title song from the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger. Composed by John Barry and with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, the song was performed by Shirley Bassey for the film's opening and closing title sequences, as well as the soundtrack album release. The single release of the song gave Bassey her only Billboard Hot 100 top ten hit, peaking at number eight; in the United Kingdom, the single reached #21. In 2008, the single was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. [PAR] Upon being asked to create a theme song for the film-in-progress, Bricusse and Newley looked at each other instantly and sang out, \"Goldfinger . . . wider than a mile,\" reprising \"Moon River,\" the successful theme song from Breakfast at Tiffany's. Originally, Newley recorded the song, but it was re-recorded by Bassey with George Martin and Jimmy Page as a session guitarist. Newley's version was later released in 1992 to mark the 30th Anniversary of James Bond on film, in a compilation collector's edition: The Best of Bond...James Bond. [PAR] The release on vinyl of Bassey's version sold more than a million copies in the United States (Guinness Book of Records)[citation needed], and it also reached number one on the Japanese charts and the top ten of many European countries. The song has become Bassey's theme song and she has performed it in most of her concerts since the 1960s, often as an opening number. [PAR] ABOUT the song, Diamonds Are Forever: [PAR] Diamonds Are Forever is the soundtrack for the 7th James Bond film of the same name. [PAR] \"Diamonds Are Forever\", the title song, was the second Bond theme to be performed by Shirley Bassey, after Goldfinger in 1964. The song was also recorded in Italian by Shirley Bassey as \"Una Cascata di Diamanti (Vivo Di Diamanti)\", this version was only issued on 7-inch single in Italy and has not had a CD release. [PAR] Producer Harry Saltzman hated the song and it only made the film due to co-producer Albert Broccoli. One of Saltzman's major objections was to the innuendo in the lyrics. [PAR] The original soundtrack was once again composed by John Barry, his sixth time composing for a James Bond film. Music written by John Barry (Jonathan Barry Prendergrast) and lyrics by Don Black. [PAR] Diamonds Are Forever STATS:[DOC] [TLE] Shirley Bassey - Biography - IMDb Shirley Bassey - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Shirley Bassey [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trivia (18) | Personal Quotes (1) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] 5' 3\" (1.6 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Shirley Bassey was born in Tiger Bay, Cardiff, Wales, and raised in the nearby working class neighborhood of Splott. Her mother was originally from Yorkshire, and her father was a Nigerian seaman who left the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Bond books by Ian Fleming - The James Bond Dossier James Bond books by Ian Fleming [PAR] Read more about Casino Royale . [PAR] Live And Let Die (1954) [PAR] Although Casino Royale was not published until later that year, Fleming wrote his second novel during his annual winter holiday in Jamaica in early 1953. [PAR] 007 is sent to New York to investigate Mr Big. There he teams up with CIA agent Felix Leiter, under whose guidance he gets to see the jazz clubs and dance halls of 1950s Harlem. From New York they travel to Florida and then, after Felix is almost killed after being fed to the sharks, Bond heads to Jamaica. [PAR] This is the first of several stories that take place in Fleming\u00e2\u0080\u0099s favourite place and provides the opportunity for Bond to don a wetsuit and scuba gear and explore the submarine world in which Ian Fleming was so interested. [PAR] Read more about Live And Let Die . [PAR] Moonraker (1955) [PAR] After the exotic locations of the first two books, Moonraker was far more modestly set in London and Kent. Ian Fleming knew this area of England well, owning a weekend cottage at St Margaret\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Bay, outside Dover. [PAR] The plot concerns a wealthy industrialist, Sir Hugo Drax, who is financing the Moonraker missile. The project is intended to provide Britain with an independent strategic nuclear capability. When a Ministry of Supply officer working on the project is murdered Bond is sent to investigate. He soon learns that Drax\u00e2\u0080\u0099s motives are not as philanthropic as they first appear. [PAR] While the locations are not as exciting as the previous books, Fleming does provide a gripping bridge game. However, readers used to overseas adventures wrote to complain they felt short-changed by the locations. [PAR] Fleming took the criticism to heart and with the exception of one short story, The Property of a Lady, all subsequent Bond adventures took place overseas. [PAR] Read more about Moonraker . [PAR] Diamonds Are Forever (1956) [PAR] Ian Fleming sent Bond is back to the United States in his fourth book. Working undercover as a diamond smuggler, Bond again teams up with Felix Leiter, now working for Pinkerton\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. [PAR] They travel in Leiter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s \u00e2\u0080\u009cStudillac\u00e2\u0080\u009d from New York to Saratoga, where Bond has been told to bet on a rigged horse race for his payment for the smuggled diamonds. When that fails he is directed to Las Vegas where he bets on a rigged blackjack game instead. [PAR] But when he continues to gamble, against explicit instructions from the Spangled Mob, Bond is taken prisoner in a Western ghost town with its own private railway. Interestingly, in Diamonds Are Forever Fleming names the ghost town Spectreville. The book isn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t Fleming at his best, but the reader gets another good look at 1950s America. [PAR] Read more about Diamonds Are Forever . [PAR] From Russia, With Love (1957) [PAR] With his fifth book, Ian Fleming really wanted to step up his game. A pure Cold War spy thriller, From Russia, With Love features Bond\u00e2\u0080\u0099s attempts at getting his hands on Russia\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Spektor cipher machine. Note the use again of a variation on the word \u00e2\u0080\u009cspectre\u00e2\u0080\u009d. [PAR] Bond doesn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t even appear until a third of the way through the book and the start of the novel, focusing on the Russian plot, sometimes drags. But once Bond is introduced Istanbul and then the Orient Express provide colourful backdrops to the story. [PAR] From Russia, With Love was the book that helped James Bond become established in the United States. When"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 51 What other \"00\" agents are mentioned? (James Bond) 51 What other \"00\" agents are mentioned? (James Bond) [PAR] 51 What other \"00\" agents are mentioned? (James Bond) [PAR] Description [PAR] This article is from the James Bond FAQ , by Michael Reed reed55@core.com with numerous contributions by others. [PAR] 51 What other \"00\" agents are mentioned? (James Bond) [PAR] In the James Bond films, a number of 00 agents have been depicted over the [PAR] years: [PAR] 002 - Bill Fairbanks, assassinated in Beirut by Francisco Scaramanga in 1969 [PAR] (\"The Man With The Golden Gun\"); replaced by another agent who is quickly [PAR] captured during a training mission at Gibraltar (\"The Living Daylights\") [PAR] 003 - Found dead in the Siberian ice (\"A View To A Kill\") [PAR] 004 - Assassinated during a training mission at Gibraltar (\"The Living [PAR] Daylights\") [PAR] 006 - Alec Trevelyan, listed dead by MI6 at the hands of Soviet Colonel [PAR] Ourumov during a mission with 007 to blow-up a Soviet nerve gas factory...at [PAR] least for a while (\"GoldenEye\") [PAR] 008 - Bond's replacement, should he be unable to complete his mission [PAR] (\"Goldfinger\" and \"The Living Daylights\") [PAR] 009 - Assassinated in West Berlin by a circus knife-thrower after stealing a [PAR] Faberge egg (\"Octopussy\"); a new 009 was named as the man who put the bullet [PAR] in Renard's head (\"The World Is Not Enough\") [PAR] 0012 - Technically unnamed in the film, the novelization of \"The World Is [PAR] Not Enough\" has Bond avenging his death in the opening scene. On screen he [PAR] is simply referred to as an MI6 agent [PAR] In addition, the movie \"Thunderball\" has Moneypenny state the \"every [PAR] Double-O man in Europe\" is in the conference room, and Bond arrives as the [PAR] ninth agent to be briefed. Whether this means that the agents are 001 [PAR] through 009 or not is never stated, as it COULD be 002 through 0010, for [PAR] instance. And perhaps we should consider that some Double-0's were not in [PAR] Europe and missed the meeting. Sharp eyes also could not miss the moment in [PAR] \"The World Is Not Enough\" when Moneypenny distributes assignment folders to [PAR] other agents, one of which is a woman. [PAR] While Miranda Frost in \"Die Another Day\" is an MI6 agent, it is never stated [PAR] she is a \"Double-O\", and we only learn that her experience was three years [PAR] in cryptography before the Graves' assignment. [PAR] For the novels according to Ian Fleming, James Bond was originally the [PAR] senior member of only three agents in the Section. At the time of the [PAR] \"Moonraker\" mission, 008 (known only as 'Bill') had just escaped from East [PAR] Berlin, while 0011 had vanished in Singapore just two months before. [PAR] Although 008 surfaced again in \"Goldfinger\" (listed as Bond's replacement, [PAR] should he have failed), 0011 was never heard from again. 009 was briefly [PAR] mentioned in \"Thunderball\". In \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\", Bond was [PAR] even odds to \"get\" Mary Goodnight first with an ex-Royal Marine Commando who [PAR] was 006, making Fleming's total of 00 agents -- including 007 -- five. [PAR] Kingsley Amis' \"Colonel Sun\" noted that the head of station G in Athens had [PAR] served as \"005\" before \"an eye defect had begun to impair his ability with [PAR] firearms.\" (Submitted by Donal Rogers <donalrogers@iolfree.ie>) [PAR] In \"Zero Minus Ten\" Raymond Benson includes a scene with the \"Single-O's\" [PAR] who are working toward a \"00\" classification."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tracy Bond (Diana Rigg) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Tracy Bond (Diana Rigg) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Tracy Bond (Diana Rigg) [PAR] Deceased, shot by Irma Bunt [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] 007 Legends [PAR] Tracy Bond (n\u00e9e Teresa Draco) was a fictional character in the 1969 James Bond film On Her Majesty's Secret Service , portrayed by English actress Diana Rigg . The character first appeared in Ian Fleming 's 1963 novel of the same name and is notable for being the only cinematic Bond girl to officially marry the series' titular character . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Film biography [PAR] On Her Majesty's Secret Service [PAR] Born Teresa Draco in 1943, she is the only child of Marc-Ange Draco , the head of the Union Corse , a powerful Corsican crime syndicate \u2013 not quite as large as SPECTRE , but with substantially larger \"legal\" operations, including Draco Construction . Teresa goes by \"Tracy\" because she feels \"Teresa\" does not suit her (as she introduced herself to Bond, \"Teresa is a saint; I'm known as Tracy\"). [PAR] Tracy's mother died in 1955; her father then sent her to a boarding school in Switzerland . Deprived of a stable home life, Tracy joined the \"international fast set\", committing \"one scandal after another\"; when Draco cut off her allowance, Tracy committed \"a greater folly\" out of spite. She later married Italian Count Giulio di Vicenzo who, during their marriage, got hold of a large portion of her money before eventually leaving her; he subsequently died while driving a Maserati. During this marriage, Tracy had a child, who later died. Desperate with grief for her child, Tracy attempted suicide by walking into the sea in Portugal , only to be dragged back out by James Bond . [PAR] When her father meets Bond, he pleads with Bond to continue to see her, claiming that their relationship had changed her for the better. Draco wanted a husband for her that would \"dominate\" her and quell her rebellious attitude. Bond initially refuses, but he changes his mind when Draco offers his resources for anything Bond desires. Using Draco's resources, Bond is able to track SPECTRE leader Ernst Stavro Blofeld to the Swiss Alps. In return, Bond continues to see Tracy and eventually falls in love with her. [PAR] While hiding from Blofeld's men at the village of Lauterbrunnen, Bond finds Tracy and they escape from Irma Bunt and her men. A blizzard forces them to a remote barn, where Bond professes his love to Tracy and proposes marriage to her, which she accepts. The next morning, Blofeld attempts to kill Bond by causing an avalanche and captures Tracy. Refused aid from M , Bond then enlists Draco and his forces to attack Blofeld's headquarters, while also rescuing Tracy from Blofeld's captivity. [PAR] Tragedy later strikes on their wedding day, however, when Blofeld drives past and Bunt shoots at Bond and Tracy in a drive-by shooting. Tracy is shot through the head and killed. A police officer finds Bond's car, prompting a tearful Bond to mutter that there is no need to rush calling for help by saying, \"We have all the time in the world\", as he cradles Tracy's lifeless body. [PAR] Tracy is killed in the drive-by shooting. [PAR] Film mentions [PAR] The follow up film, Diamonds Are Forever , shows James Bond tracking down Blofeld in the pre-title credits, but it is only assumed that Bond is doing so out of revenge for Tracy's death. However, she is never mentioned by name in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SKYFALL Trailer 2012 - James Bond 007 Movie - Official [HD ... SKYFALL Trailer 2012 - James Bond 007 Movie - Official [HD] - YouTube [PAR] SKYFALL Trailer 2012 - James Bond 007 Movie - Official [HD] [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 21, 2012 [PAR] Skyfall trailer 2012 - Official James Bond 007 movie teaser trailer - Skyfall is the new James Bond 23 Ian Fleming film starring Daniel Craig, Helen McCrory, Javier Bardem, Berenice Marlohe - directed by Sam Mendes. [PAR] Skyfall James Bond 23 movie hits theaters on November 9, 2012. [PAR] Daniel Craig is back as Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 in Skyfall, the 23rd adventure in the longest-running film franchise of all time. In Skyfall, Bond's loyalty to M is tested as her past comes back to haunt her. As MI6 comes under attack, 007 must track down and destroy the threat, no matter how personal the cost. Berenice Marlohe is the new James Bond girl playing the glamorous and enigmatic Severine. Skyfall trailer official 2012 is presented in full HD 1080p high resolution. [PAR] SKYFALL 2012 James Bond 007 Movie [PAR] Genre: Action, Adventure, Thriller [PAR] Writers: Ian Fleming (characters), John Logan (screenplay) [PAR] Cast: Daniel Craig, Helen McCrory, Javier Bardem, Berenice Marlohe, Jidi Dench, Naomie Harris [PAR] Skyfall official movie trailer courtesy Sony Pictures. [PAR] Cieon Movies is your daily dose of everything movies with an extended selection of official licensed movie trailers and movie clips. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Skyfall (2012) - Rotten Tomatoes - Movie Trailers Audience Reviews for Skyfall [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] Skyfall continues the reinvention of Bond for the modern era that was started with Casino Royale. This is a top notch action thriller with great acting and wonderful homages to the series past. To top it all off, it has one of the best intro's and Bond songs of the entire series. This is also one gorgeous film, easily the best looking Bond film of them all. For me, this cemented Daniel Craig as the best Bond ahead of Connery just slightly. Outside of Casino Royale, this is best Bond has to offer and a fantastic reboot of the classic characters and plot for a new generation. [PAR] Josh Lewis [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] Like any long-running film franchise or TV series, it is interesting to note the ways in which the Bond series has acknowledged its longevity. While the 10th, 20th and 30th anniversaries passed by relatively quietly, with no films being released to coincide, the 40th anniversary was marked by Die Another Day, a greatest hits compilation with little narrative pull which was in hindsight downright embarrassing. Skyfall is a more confident and impressive offering all round, marking the 50th anniversary with a film which looks far back into the series' past while also making a conscious effort to appear modern and cutting-edge. The result is technically superb, with Sam Mendes bringing weight to the characters and the visuals being some of the best in the whole series. But the film also demonstrates how fundamentally little Bond has changed, something which is cause for both concern and celebration. The Bond series has always been at its best whenever it has had to defend its existence. The previous attempts at reinvention - Casino Royale, and Goldeneye"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Miss Moneypenny - James Bond Characters Miss Moneypenny - James Bond Characters [PAR] Alive [PAR] Summary [PAR] While Miss Moneypenny isn't strictly a Bond girl , she is one of the most iconic characters within the James Bond series. Moneypenny works at MI6 as M's secretary, and throughout most of the films demonstrates an infatuation with James Bond. [PAR] The Many Faces of Miss Moneypenny [PAR] Moneypenny's first appearance in the James Bond universe is in the original book, Casino Royale. She has appeared throughout Ian Fleming's novels, although in a smaller role than in the movies, but the theme remains the same: Moneypenny is infatuated with Bond but never does anything to act upon her infatuation. [PAR] Many people have been credited for being Ian Fleming's inspiration for the Moneypenny character. In Fleming's first draft Moneypenny was originally named Miss \"Petty\" Pettaval, who was a secretary to real-world MI6 Director, Stewart Menzies. The name was later changed to be less obvious. The character has also been rumored to be based upon Vera Atkins who was a secretary to \"legendary spy master\" Maurice Buckman who was Fleming's inspiration for M, among others. [PAR] Throughout the films, upon Bond's arrival at M's office, he flirts with Miss Moneypenny. In the earlier movies these flirtatious moments included Bond kissing and caressing Moneypenny sensually, but in more recent films the flirtation is more lighthearted and marked by an exchange of witty banter and sexual innuendos. What doesn't change across most of the films is Moneypenny's devotion to Bond despite their relationship never being anything more than professional. [PAR] Because of their professional, but flirty relationship, Moneypenny is often considered an anchor that adds a bit of additional realism to the Bond films. [PAR] To date, Moneypenny has been portrayed by six actresses across twenty one Bond films. Fourteen times by Lois Maxwell, twice by Caroline Bliss, four times by Samantha Bond and once each by Barbara Bouchet, Pamela Salem and Naomie Harris. [PAR] Lois Maxwell [PAR] Lois Maxwell portrayed Miss Moneypenny more times than any actor portrayed Bond, appearing alongside Sean Connery, George Lazenby, and then Roger Moore. Maxwell appeared in fourteen Bond films between 1962 and 1985. [PAR] Terence Young, who directed the first Bond film (Dr. No) originally turned her down for the role based on his opinion that she \"looked like she smelled of soap.\" Maxwell fought to be cast for the role, as her husband was recovering from a heart attack at the time and she needed the money. Her role in the first film only paid \u00a3200 and Maxwell was required to provide her own clothes. [PAR] Maxwell was nearly recast in 1967 after appearing in a spy spoof film alongside Sean Connery's brother Neil (aptly titled Operation Kid Brother) and then again in 1971 after demanding a pay raise. She managed to hold on to the role for several years afterwards, though. She remained in the role of Miss Moneypenny until Roger Moore's final appearance as Bond in 1985's A View to Kill. [PAR] She continued using the name of her character for years after leaving the film series. Right up until 1994, Maxwell wrote a column about her on set experiences for a Canadian newspaper under the character's name. [PAR] Caroline Bliss [PAR] Appearing in two Bond films, The Living Daylights and License to Kill, Bliss portrayed the role of Miss Moneypenny alongside Timothy Dalton between 1987 and 1989. [PAR] Over 30 years younger than Lois Maxwell, Bliss was only 26 when cast for the role. The role was recast to bring in a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Karl Stromberg - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Karl Stromberg | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Film biography [PAR] Background [PAR] The webbed-fingered Karl Stromberg is a successful self-employed businessman as head of his own shipping firm . It must be noted that in Christopher Wood 's novelisation of the film, Stromberg's first name is Sigmund, and is Swedish. Stromberg's obsession and passion is the ocean where he lives in his palace, named Atlantis , that could submerge itself underwater so as not to be seen or detected. Located off the coast of Sardinia , Italy , Atlantis has everything to support life above and below water for any length of time. In fact, Atlantis is more like a city, able to support dozens if not hundreds of people. [PAR] Stromberg also owns a huge tanker, named Liparus , that serves as his headquarters away from Atlantis. Aboard the tanker he has a small army of soldiers clad in orange jumpsuits. [PAR] Scheme [PAR] Although Stromberg has a passion and love for the ocean and its various species, he absolutely despises the human race, not unlike Jules Verne's Captain Nemo. Stromberg, however, is much more diabolical and has no interest in benefitting the world. He has a congenital condition in which his hands were webbed like those of aquatic birds or mammals. It is his personal mission to start over with a new civilization underwater. After contracting two scientists to create the technology to track nucleur submarines , Stromberg takes this technology and uses it to capture a Soviet nuclear submarine and a United Kingdom submarine. By tracking the subs, Stromberg's specially adapted tanker, the Liparus, would sneak up on the subs and capture them inside the tanker. His plan calls for the use of firing nuclear weapons from these subs at Moscow and New York City , thus framing each other's government and starting a nuclear war, which would wipe out every last human being on Earth. The Russian and British government send the agents Anya Amasova and James Bond respectively. [PAR] -\"Every person who even comes into contact with that microfilm, is to be eliminated\". Stromberg to Jaws [PAR] This scheme is actually a recycled plot from a previous film, You Only Live Twice , which was similar in that by stealing space capsules it would start a war between the Soviets and the Americans. The scheme in which the villain wishes to destroy mankind to create a new race or new civilization was also used in Moonraker , the next film after The Spy Who Loved Me. In Moonraker, the villain Hugo Drax had an obsession with starting a new human civilization in space. The film Moonraker was also written by Christopher Wood. Both featured Jaws as a henchman. [PAR] Prevention [PAR] While Bond and Amasova are briefed about their task, Stromberg meets with Dr. Bechmann and Professor Markovitz , the men who developed his submarine tracking system. He tells them that he has payed 10 million dollars each into their bank accounts. Before dismissing them, he tells them that he regrets to inform them that someone has been attempting to sell the plans to competing world powers and that only someone close to the project could have done so. He tells his assistant to leave the room while he discusses with the men, but as she enters the elevator, Stromberg pushes a button and the bottom of the elevator opens, dropping the girl into a water tank occupied by a swimming shark. Over a PA system, Stromberg reveals that woman"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Live and Let Die (1973) - IMDb Live and Let Die (1973) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 7 January 2017 5:00 AM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Live and Let Die ( 1973 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $10.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] \"No Small Parts\" IMDb Exclusive: 'Manchester by the Sea' Star Casey Affleck [PAR] Ben Affleck 's younger brother Casey Affleck has been nominated for a Golden Globe for his role in critically-acclaimed drama Manchester by the Sea . Take a look at some of his earlier roles. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 08 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 14 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 08 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 09 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: Live and Let Die (1973) [PAR] 6.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 2 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. [PAR] Director: Peter R. Hunt [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] An investigation of a horse-racing scam leads 007 to a mad industrialist who plans to create a worldwide microchip monopoly by destroying California's Silicon Valley. [PAR] Director: John Glen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. No (1962) - FAQ - IMDb Dr. No (1962) - FAQ [PAR] The content of this page was created directly by users and has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Visit our FAQ Help to learn more [PAR] FAQ [PAR] How much sex, violence, and profanity are in this movie? [PAR] For detailed information about the amounts and types of (a) sex and nudity, (b) violence and gore, (c) profanity, (d) alcohol, drugs, and smoking, and (e) frightening and intense scenes in this movie, consult the IMDb Parents Guide for this movie. The Parents Guide for Dr. No can be found here . [PAR] What is 'Dr. No' about? [PAR] When Jamaica-based British Intelligence agent John Strangways disappears while investigating toppling interference with the launching of U.S. Cape Canaveral rockets, the head of the British Secret Service, known only as M ( Bernard Lee ), sends MI6 agent 007 James Bond ( Sean Connery ) to investigate. Bond discovers that Strangways had recently sent for analysis a soil sample from Crab Key, an island owned by mysterious Dr. Julius No ( Joseph Wiseman ), and hires local fisherman Quarrel ( John Kitzmiller ) to take him there where they encounter seashell-collecting beauty Honey Ryder ( Ursula Andress ), a fire-breathing dragon, and a plan by SPECTRE (SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, and Extortion) to disrupt the Project Mercury space launch from Cape Canaveral with his atomic-powered radio beam. [PAR] Is \"Dr. No\" based on a book? [PAR] All of the James Bond movies are based, in some part, upon novels by British author Ian Fleming [1908-1964]. Dr. No is based on Fleming's 1958 novel of the same name. It was adapted for the screen by American screenwriters Richard Maibaum, Johanna Harwood, and Berkeley Mather. [PAR] What is the very first glimpse we have of Sean Connery as James Bond? [PAR] Our very first glimpse of Sean Connery as James Bond is of the back of his head as he is sitting at a baccarat chemin de fer table at Club Cercle, a gentlemen's club. He makes a comment to one of the other players, Sylvia Trench ( Eunice Gayson ), who is losing to him. She then asks his name, and he replies in his signature way, \"Bond...James Bond.\" Many fans and critics like the way the scene was shot, with the camera following Bond's cigarette from the ashtray up to his mouth, revealing Connery's face. [PAR] Dr No says that he is with SPECTRE. What is SPECTRE? [PAR] SPECTRE stands for \"The SPecial Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion.\" SPECTRE is an international terrorist organization run by Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Its members were recruited from the Gestapo, Smersh, the Mafia, and the Union Corse among others. With the exception of Goldfinger (1964), all of the Bond villains from 1962-71 came from this organization. After 1971, SPECTRE no longer appears in the Bond movies because of a lawsuit brought by film-maker Kevin McClory . McClory had worked with Ian Fleming to create what was to be the first 007 movie. It was scrapped, however, and Fleming went on to use various ideas from the abandoned film, such as SPECTRE. The movies altered the storylines to include SPECTRE, as when Dr No says that he is with SPECTRE. McClory later sued for the rights to Blofeld and SPECTRE. Thus, they had to stop using SPECTRE in the movies. This is also what enabled McClory to make the \"unofficial\" Bond movie, Never Say Never Again (1983). [PAR] Why is Dr. No \"toppling\" moon rockets?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Bond film locations - James Bond Wiki - Wikia James Bond film locations | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] James Bond film locations [PAR] Share [PAR] James Bond film locations refers to the many locations in which the James Bond series of films were set (which does not always correspond to the shooting locations ). Most often, James Bond visits countries in Western Europe and parts of the United States , but occasionally goes to other countries such as Japan or India. Some fictional countries, unnamed countries, or locations in unspecified areas are shown in the films. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Places James Bond visits in the films [PAR] Countries James Bond visited in the films (top) compared with countries the Bond films were shot in (bottom) [PAR] Most of the countries James Bond is shown to going to in the films, the films were actually shot in. The only ones that were shown as places that he went to but where the films were not shot in were Cuba, Czechoslovakia , Yugoslavia , Albania , Afghanistan , Lebanon and Macau . [PAR] Europe [PAR] In almost all Bond films, Bond is shown in England , usually in London . However in You Only Live Twice he is only in the Far East . He also goes to other areas outside London, such as areas in the country such as a retreat in Thunderball . [PAR] Bond goes to Paris in A View to a Kill , climbing the Eiffel Tower . The start of Thunderball is set in France, where James Bond uses his jetpack. He is at a French port in GoldenEye , where a Tiger helicopter is stolen. [PAR] In Dr. No Bond is at a casino in Monte Carlo in Monaco where he first uses the phrase \"Bond, James Bond\". [PAR] He ends up in a fight in an elevator in The Netherlands in Diamonds Are Forever . [PAR] In Moonraker Bond is in Venice in Italy with a gondola which drives on land, he appears in Venice briefly at the end of From Russia with Love; he is also in Italy in For Your Eyes Only when he is being chased by an East German olympic skier. The climactic scenes of Casino Royale also take place in Venice. He visits the Italian island of Sardinia in The Spy Who Loved Me (after the KGB agent XXX directed them their, Bond had originally thought of going to the French island of Corsica ) [PAR] Bond goes to a villa in Spain in For Your Eyes Only . He also meets a contact in Spain in On Her Majesty's Secret Service . The start of The World Is Not Enough is set in Bilbao in Spain. The start of The Living Daylights Bond is involved in an operation to test the defences of Gibraltar . [PAR] Much of On Her Majesty's Secret Service is set in Switzerland . He also follows Goldfinger into Geneva and to his secret facility in Switzerland. [PAR] Bond is suppose to in Bratislava in what was then Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia ) in The Living Daylights, where he helps a Soviet general to defect. however there are no elevated train in Bratislava. The train appear to be metro in Vienna. He goes to other parts of Czechoslovakia and escapes into Austria , where he visits Vienna . The start of The Spy Who Loved Me is set in Austria also. Bond also attends an Opera in Vienna in Quantum of Solace. [PAR] Bond"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] M (Judi Dench) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia M (Judi Dench) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Film biography [PAR] GoldenEye (1995) [PAR] Tanner: \"Seems your hunch was right, 007. It's too bad the Evil Queen of Numbers wouldn't let you play it... (Bond clears his throat at Tanner to tell him that she is right behind him)\" [PAR] M: \"You were saying?\" [PAR] Tanner: \"No, no, I was just...\" [PAR] M: \"Good, because if I want sarcasm, Mr. Tanner, I'll talk to my children, thank you very much.\" [PAR] \u2015M scowls Tanner for calling her \"The Evil Queen of Numbers\". [PAR] M briefs Bond in GoldenEye. [PAR] She makes her debut in GoldenEye, after Tanner , her Chief of Staff, refered her as \"the evil queen of numbers\", given her reputation at that stage for relying on statistics and analysis rather than impulse and initiative. Bond, who returned from his evaluation and attempt to stop a prototype helicopter to be stolen, he warns him that M, who had just came in, was behind them which she soon responds to Tanner's \"Evil Queen of Numbers\" jab by telling him that when she wants to hear sarcasm she'll listen to her own children. After the first GoldenEye satellite was set off and the three MIGs that were sent to intercept an emergency call, this got M and Bond to talk in her office. She offers him a drink and rejects her predecessor's cognac and gives him bourbon and ice. During the briefing, M knows Bond doesn't trust her and that she thinks Bond is a \"sexist, misogynist dinosaur, a relic of the Cold War.\" After the briefing, M wishes him good luck and to come back alive. [PAR] Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) [PAR] In the pre-credits scene, M is observing Bond's mission via TV on the Russian border in regards to him stopping a terrorist arms bazaar. He is to keep tabs on US techno-terrorist Henry Gupta . M sends Bond on a mission to Hamburg in order to \"pump information\" from his old squeeze, Paris Carver , now married to Elliot Carver . His other objective is to use Paris's information in order to infiltrate CEO Elliot Carver's CMGN (Carver Media Group Network) newspaper HQ in Hamburg. He is to retake the GPS encoder Henry Gupta bought previously in the Russian border. [PAR] The World is Not Enough (1999) [PAR] She sends Bond to recover some money for an old friend and when he came back successfully, she introduces the friend as Sir Robert King (she states that they studied law together at Oxford) and as King went to get his money, she and Bond drink to Bond's successful mission, which is soon cut short when Bond discovers the ice in his drink had dissolved into foam and a weird substance was on his hands, he soon runs out of the office and has Moneypenny to try and stop King, but it was too late and an explosion goes off in the evidence room, killing King and damaging a part of MI6. Bond tried to arrest the assassin but the woman commits suicide by blowing the hot-air balloon she commandeered and Bond soon fractured his left shoulder. After the funeral and comforting a tearful Elektra King , she puts Bond on the inactive roster due to his injury and MI6 relocates to Scotland. After Bond seduces Dr. Molly Warmflash into giving him a clean bill of health, she briefs Bond about Renard , who previously kidnapped Elektra, was still alive after an attempt"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Raising the Flag of Modernism: Ben Nicholson\u2019s 1938 | NGV Raising the Flag of Modernism: Ben Nicholson\u2019s 1938 | NGV [PAR] Raising the Flag of Modernism: Ben Nicholson\u2019s 1938 [PAR] Sophie Matthiesson [PAR] The National Gallery of Victoria has recently added to its collection a painting that encapsulates one of the most complex, dynamic and contested moments in the history of modern British art. Painted by Ben Nicholson, the heroic figure of the abstract movement in England, the composition of 1938 (fig. 1) is disquietingly simple. Geometric zones of unmodulated hues, red and yellow, blacks, white and greys delineated by lightly ruled pencil lock into a perfect, seemingly static, matrix. Two expansive circles to the right relieve the work\u2019s rectangular severity without disrupting it: a floating white disc at the top, anchored by a crimson circle offset below. [PAR] Despite its \u2018landscape\u2019 format, 1938 bears no conceivable relation to natural topography. Indeed there is little in this picture to link it to the landscape genre with which English national identity remained so closely bound in the aftermath of the First World War. Named simply for the year of its making, 1938 refuses both the motifs and perspective of naturalism. It denies narrative. It withholds, even, the comfort of a descriptive title to rescue it from generic anonymity. Alien it may seem, yet 1938 is an unmistakeable tour de force, its design equally legible from up close and far away. Even if the viewer knows nothing of its origins, the composition is unusually clear, certain and resolved, and it has an impact that far exceeds its modest dimensions. It could be said, in fact, to possess many of the iconic qualities of a national flag. One question that in 1938 might well have been asked is, whose national flag? [PAR] The making of a renegade [PAR] In a carefully posed portrait by Paul Laib from c.1933 (fig. 2), Nicholson presents as an unsmiling figure, wearing black with a beret. Turning athletically to challenge the viewer, he does not seem English, but rather, conveys the air of a revolutionary, artist or intellectual of the Parisian Left Bank. If, then, it could be said that 1938 seems deliberately provocative in its enigmatic assertiveness, so too does its maker. [PAR] Coming from an artistic background (the son of the successful Edwardian painter William Nicholson) and steeped in an appreciation of the seen object, Nicholson always struggled to resist his father\u2019s seductive example as a supreme still-life painter. Nicholson\u2019s discovery of Christian Science in 1918 and Cubism soon after, gave him the means to reach an alternative world beyond appearances. He quickly outgrew any association he joined, starting with the Seven and Five Society, an idiosyncratic group of artists mostly inspired by nature. Aware of theory, yet scornful of dependence on it, throughout the 1930s Nicholson both joined and formed artistic groups intending to convert them to his own intuitively defined version of abstraction, and to provoke them out of what the critic Herbert Read called the \u2018slumbering provincialism\u2019 of British art. 1 Herbert Read, Art in Britain 1930\u201340 Centred around Axis, Circle, Unit One, Marlborough Fine Art, London, 1965, p. 5. [PAR] A key ally in this was a fellow artist (later to be his second wife), the sculptor Barbara Hepworth, who he met in 1931. Nicholson joined her at the colony of artists and art writers living in the leafy lanes of Hampstead, North London, a community that included the already prominent sculptor Henry Moore. The heart of this community was a complex of purpose-built studios at The Mall. Built in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FHM\u2019s Sexiest Woman In The World | 20 Year Retrospective ... FHM\u2019s Sexiest Woman In The World | 20 Year Retrospective | MTV UK [PAR] By Jennifer Lynn [PAR] When FHM\u2019s Sexiest Woman In The World poll began back in 1995, this year\u2019s winner Jennifer Lawrence was just five years old, and The Hunger Games probably wasn\u2019t even a twinkle in author Suzanne Collins\u2019 eye. In the decade where supermodels reigned supreme, it\u2019s no surprise that Claudia Schiffer was voted the first ever Sexiest Woman In The World, but would you have expected 20 years of the poll to look like this? [PAR] See all 20 of FHM\u2019s Sexiest Woman In The World winners in the gallery [PAR] FHM\u2019s Sexiest Woman In The World | 20 Year Retrospective [PAR] 1995: German supermodel Claudia Schiffer was FHM\u2019s first-ever Sexiest Woman in the World and we can totally see why. [PAR] 1 of 20 [PAR] 1996: The X-Files star Gillian Anderson was the stuff dreams are made of as FBI agent Dana Scully and she\u2019s still bringing sexy back 20 years later in BBC drama The Fall. [PAR] 2 of 20 [PAR] 1997: She\u2019s best known to our generation as Susan in Desperate Housewives, but we reckon it was Teri Hatcher\u2019s specs appeal in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures Of Superman that bagged her the Sexiest Woman in the World title in 1997. [PAR] 3 of 20 [PAR] 1998: Funny IS sexy, but we\u2019re sure it helped that comedic actress Jenny McCarthy was also a former Playboy pin-up when she was voted Sexiest Woman in the World in 1998. [PAR] 4 of 20 [PAR] 1999: Not only was she super hot as Buffy The Vampire Slayer, but Sarah Michelle Gellar also spent 1999 playing twisted sexpot Kathryn Merteuil in Cruel Intentions, which we\u2019re sure didn\u2019t hurt her votes one bit. [PAR] 5 of 20 [PAR] 2000: Before she was the mother of twins, back when she had only been divorced once, Jennifer Lopez was ruling the airways with dancefloor classic Waiting For Tonight. We\u2019ve all seen her getting wet in the video \u2013 the Sexiest Woman in the World title was [PAR] 6 of 20 [PAR] 2001: Marrying backing dancer Cris Judd didn\u2019t hurt J-Lo\u2019s appeal and she was crowned Sexiest Woman in the World for the second year running in 2001. [PAR] 7 of 20 [PAR] 2002: Her ball control might not have been up to much, but Anna Kournikova bagged the Sexiest Woman in the World title in 2002, after an appearance in long-term boyf Enrique Iglesias\u2019 Escape video. [PAR] 8 of 20 [PAR] 2003: Halle Berry is still the oldest lady on record to have won FHM\u2019s Sexiest Woman in the World \u2013 believe it or not she was 37 at the time of awarding and went on to rock Catwoman\u2019s signature latex a year later. Me-owww. [PAR] 9 of 20 [PAR] 2004: Queen of the Midriff and Princess of Pop, Britney Spears was a deserving winner back in 2004, when she famously writhed around wearing nothing but Swarovski crystals in her Toxic video. [PAR] 10 of 20 [PAR] 2005: Kelly Brook spent the summer of 2005 hosting Celebrity Love Island, but it seems that the male population fell more in lust with her than any of the contestants. Isabella who? [PAR] 11 of 20 [PAR] 2006: Youngest winner on record Keira Knightley was just 21 when she took the Sexiest Woman in the World crown in 2006. Cougars clearly weren\u2019t a \u2018thing\u2019 then, eh boys? [PAR] 12 of 20 [PAR] 2007: Jessica Alba. No explanation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Halifax, the Capital of Nova Scotia - Canada News on About ... Halifax, the Capital of Nova Scotia, Canada [PAR] Updated: 11/29/2014 [PAR] About Halifax, Nova Scotia [PAR] Halifax is the capital of the province of Nova Scotia , Canada. The largest urban area in the Atlantic provinces , Halifax looks out over one of the world's largest natural harbours and is an important seaport. Nature lovers will find sandy beaches, beautiful gardens and hiking, birding and beachcombing. Urbanites can enjoy the symphony, live theatre, art galleries and museums, and a lively nightlife. Halifax is an affordable city that provides a mix of Canadian history and modern living, with the constant influence of the sea. [PAR] Location of Halifax, Nova Scotia [PAR] Halifax is located in the centre of the east coast of Nova Scotia facing the North Atlantic Ocean. [PAR] Area of the Halifax Regional Municipality [PAR] 5,490.28 sq. km (2,119.81 sq. miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) [PAR] Population of the Halifax Regional Municipality [PAR] 390,096 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) [PAR] Date Halifax Incorporated as a City [PAR] Halifax was incorporated as a city in 1841. [PAR] In 1996 it was amalgamated with neighbouring communities into the Halifax Regional Municipality. [PAR] Government of Halifax [PAR] Halifax municipal elections are held every four years on the third Saturday in October. [PAR] Date of the last Halifax municpal election: Saturday, October 20, 2012 [PAR] Date of the next Halifax municpal election: Saturday, October 15, 2016 [PAR] The Halifax Regional Council is the main governing and legislative body for the Halifax Regional Municipality. The Halifax Regional Council is made up of 17 elected representatives: the mayor and 16 municipal councillors. [PAR] Trans Canada Trail [PAR] Weather in Halifax [PAR] Halifax weather is influenced by the ocean. Winters are mild and summers are cool. Halifax is foggy and misty, with fog on more than 100 days of the year, especially in spring and early summer. [PAR] Winters in Halifax are moderate, but wet with both rain and snow. The average high temperature in January is 2\u00b0C (29\u00b0F). Spring comes slowly, and eventually arrives in April. It too brings rain and fog. [PAR] Summers in Halifax are short, but beautiful. In July the average high temperature is 23\u00b0C (74\u00b0F). By late summer or early fall, Halifax may feel the tail end of a hurricane or tropical storm."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] ExecutedToday.com \u00bb 1977: Hamida Djandoubi, Madame ... ExecutedToday.com \u00bb 1977: Hamida Djandoubi, Madame Guillotine\u2019s last kiss [PAR] 1977: Hamida Djandoubi, Madame Guillotine\u2019s last kiss [PAR] September 10th, 2008 Headsman [PAR] On this date in 1977, the guillotine claimed its last head. [PAR] The famous and infamous blade dropped for the last time at Les Baumettes prison in Marseilles on Hamida Djandoubi , a Tunisian immigrant convicted of the torture-murder of the naive young girlfriend he had forced into prostitution. Oddly, he had already had another appendage \u2014 a leg \u2014 amputated as a result of a work accident; it was while recuperating that he caught the fascination of his hospital roommate\u2019s 19-year-old daughter, Elisabeth Bousquet. [PAR] Though the death penalty was grinding to a halt in 1970\u2019s France, Djandoubi was not the last person condemned (the link is French); the guillotine was only abolished with the election of the Francois Mitterand government in 1981. [PAR] Today, Executed Today discusses the case with the man who wrote the book on Djandoubi :* expat Canadian writer Jeremy Mercer . Be sure to check his photo series on the Djandoubi case \u2014 including discomfiting shots of Djandoubi re-enacting his crime with a police secretary playing the victim, and the killer in happier times. [PAR] ET: Thanks for joining us. [PAR] JM: Thanks for the opportunity to speak with Executed Today. I moved to Marseille in 2003 and shortly after I stumbled upon the rather arcane fact that the last man guillotined in France was executed at the local prison on September 10, 1977. I thought it was interesting angle on capital punishment and I decided to try and write a book that mixed true crime and death penalty philosophy. As a result, I\u2019ve been immersed in the death penalty debate for the better part of five years. [PAR] Let\u2019s start with Hamida Djandoubi himself \u2014 31 years on, he looks like a nasty but fairly run-of-the-mill criminal. Was it strictly coincidental that he became the last man executed? [PAR] It was absolutely random fate. It was really odd \u2013 during the 1970s, the death penalty debate was raging in France and most capital cases became national news. But the Djandoubi case went completely under the radar, partly because his lawyer didn\u2019t drum up any attention and partly because his victim was a presumed prostitute and the media prefers \u2018sexier\u2019 victims \u2013 the elderly, little children, a dentist of good standing walking her dog at night. [PAR] Even odder, if you surveyed most French people today, they would tell you that Christian Ranucci was the last man guillotined. Ranucci was a young white man who was accused of killing a little girl. He claimed his innocence, but was nonetheless executed in June 1976 (14 months before Djandoubi). Afterward, a best-selling book and major film were released that argued Ranucci was innocent so his name really sticks in the minds of the French. [PAR] Obviously, there\u2019s plenty of tension with North African communities in France still today. Djandoubi was Tunisian, and he was convicted of murdering a white woman. How significant was racial marking in the way his case was handled, inside the courts and out? [PAR] This is really curious. In the 1960s and 1970s, the French courts were tainted by racism and one of the national papers even ran an editorial saying that it is better to be named \u201cMarius than Mohamed\u201d when appearing before a French judge. But, in this case, it was Djandoubi\u2019s own lawyer who was a member of a far-right party and staunchly anti-Arab so his case"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Travel - Friends' Central Perk caf\u00e9 finally a reality BBC - Travel - Friends' Central Perk caf\u00e9 finally a reality [PAR] Food & Drink [PAR] Friends' Central Perk caf\u00e9 finally a reality [PAR] Through 18 October fans of the hit TV series can sit and sip on the famous orange couch at a pop up created to celebrate the show\u2019s 20th anniversary. [PAR] By Liz Borod Wright [PAR] 19 September 2014 [PAR] Few fans of the Friends television show may have dared to dream that one day they would sit and sip on the famous orange couch at Central Perk, the coffeehouse where the character Rachel worked at the start of this culturally defining show. But through 18 October in New York City, devotees will have the opportunity to do just that \u2013 with free coffee, no less \u2013 at the Central Perk pop-up created by Warner Bros and Eight O\u2019Clock Coffee to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the show's premiere. [PAR] Operating in trendy Soho, about a mile east of the West Village, where Central Perk was supposedly located on the show, the coffee shop features the official couch from the Friends set (get there early to nab a seat), as well as the original neon signage and ornate espresso maker. With its bright lights and colour palette, the set has been replicated so closely that James Michael Tyler, who played the barista Gunther, said he found it surreal to be there. [PAR] View image of James Michael Tyler, who played the barista Gunther (Credit: \u00a92014 WBEI. All Rights Reserved.) [PAR] \u201cI walked in yesterday morning and I was like, \u2018Oh wow, this is really a little too close,\u2019 and it started flooding back all of the memories,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd the smell of coffee\u2026 It brought me back, and I had my white hair for the first time in 10 years.\u201d Tyler had bleached his medium-brown hair every week for the show's 10-year run. [PAR] Tyler will be making special appearances throughout the pop up's life, but the dates have not been announced. There will also be weekly in-store performances in homage to Phoebe\u2019s well-known \u201cSmelly Cat\u201d tune, in addition to frequent contests and giveaways. [PAR] View image of Iconic costumes and props on display (Credit: \u00a92014 WBEI. All Rights Reserved.) [PAR] The space itself is a mini-museum. There\u2019s a costume section with Phoebe\u2019s polka-dot suede jacket, among others, that also includes Joey\u2019s Pat the Dog statue and Phoebe\u2019s guitar. A glass-encased display showcases detailed props such as Ross\u2019 Freebie List, Rachel\u2019s sonogram and Monica and Chandler\u2019s wedding invitation and rings. [PAR] View image of Detailed props on display (Credit: Liz Borod Wright) [PAR] Fans who can\u2019t make a pilgrimage to New York City can view \u2013 but not enter \u2013 the Central Perk set on the Warner Bros VIP Studio Tour in Los Angeles. Or fans can go to the other two permanent, official Central Perks in England: Liverpool opened in April 2012 and Chester in April 2013. Entrepreneur and superfan Du Xin opened a Central Perk in Beijing in 2010 on the sixth floor of an apartment building and also made a replica of Joey\u2019s apartment. The coffee shop was such a success that Xin opened a second caf\u00e9 in Shanghai in 2012."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cronin Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms Cronin Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms [PAR] Cronin Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms [PAR] The name Cronin has undergone many variations in the time that has passed since its genesis. In Gaelic it appeared as \"O Croinin,\" which derives from the word \"cron,\" which meant \"brown\" or \"dark.\" [PAR] Cronin Early Origins [PAR] Buy PDF History \u00bb [PAR] The surname Cronin was first found in County Cork (Irish: Corcaigh) the ancient Kingdom of Deis Muin (Desmond), located on the southwest coast of Ireland in the province of Munster , where they held a family seat from very ancient times, some say well before the Norman Conquest and the arrival of Duke William at Hastings in 1066 A.D. [PAR] Cronin Spelling Variations [PAR] Cronin Spelling Variations [PAR] One name was often recorded under several different spellings during the life of its bearer because one must realize that attempting to record a Gaelic name in English is a daunting task at the best of times. Spelling variations revealed in the search for the origin of the Cronin family name include Cronin, Cronyn, Cronine, Croynin, Cronan, Cronnin, Cronnan, Cronnyn, Cronen, O'Cronin, Croynan and many more. [PAR] Cronin Early History [PAR] Cronin Early History [PAR] This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Cronin research. Another 264 words (19 lines of text) covering the years 1172 and 1659 are included under the topic Early Cronin History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. [PAR] Cronin Early Notables (pre 1700) [PAR] Cronin Early Notables (pre 1700) [PAR] More information is included under the topic Early Cronin Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. [PAR] The Great Migration [PAR] The Great Migration [PAR] The 18th and 19th centuries saw many Irish families immigrate to North America in search of land and opportunities. The largest influx of Irish immigrants to the United States and British North America came during the 1840s when the Great Potato Famine laid waste to their homeland. Hundreds of thousands left the island in an attempt to escape the starvation and disease it brought. Although the arrival of such a large number of destitute Irish was not welcomed by the established population in the United States and what would become known as Canada at the time, these Irish were an essential element to the rapid development of these growing industrial nations. They filled the demand for the cheap labor needed for the work in factories and in the construction of bridges, roads, canals, and railways. An examination of passenger and immigration lists has revealed many immigrants bearing the name of Cronin or one of its variants: [PAR] Cronin Settlers in United States in the 18th Century [PAR] Johannes Cronin who settled in Philadelphia in 1738 [PAR] Cronin Settlers in United States in the 19th Century [PAR] Stephen Cronin, who arrived in America in 1811 [PAR] Timothy Cronin, who arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1828 [PAR] Daniel Cronin, who landed in Mobile County, Ala in 1837 [PAR] Michael Cronin, who arrived in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1838 [PAR] John Cronin, who landed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1849 [PAR] ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.) [PAR] Cronin Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century [PAR] Denis Cronin, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1829 [PAR] John Cronin, aged 28, a labourer, arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the barque \"Pallas\" from Cork, Ireland [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weather Glossary and Terminology - timeanddate.com Weather Glossary \u2013 Terms & Definitions [PAR] Home Weather Weather Glossary \u2013 Terms & Definitions [PAR] Weather Glossary \u2013 Terms & Definitions [PAR] Below is a list of weather terms that are described in weather reports, forecasts and readings. This data is collected from: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service; the Met Office in the United Kingdom; Canada\u2019s Weather Office; and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. [PAR] Top [PAR] Acid rain [PAR] Cloud or rain droplets containing pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, to make them acidic (eg. pH < 5.6). [PAR] Afternoon [PAR] Noon to sunset. [PAR] Arctic air [PAR] A mass of very cold, dry air that usually originates over the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and Alaska. [PAR] Arctic high [PAR] Top [PAR] Ball lightning [PAR] A relatively rarely seen form of lightning, generally consisting of an orange or reddish ball of the order of a few cm to 30cm in diameter and of moderate luminosity, which may move up to 1 m/s horizontally with a lifetime of a second or two. [PAR] Barber pole [PAR] A thunderstorm updraft with a visual appearance including cloud striations that are curved in a manner similar to the stripes of a barber pole. The structure typically is most pronounced on the leading edge of the updraft, while drier air from the rear flank downdraft often erodes the clouds on the trailing side of the updraft. [PAR] Barometer [PAR] An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. [PAR] Barometric pressure [PAR] The actual pressure value indicated by a pressure sensor. [PAR] Bitterly cold [PAR] In winter, bitterly cold or very cold, refers to more than seven degrees Celsius below normal. [PAR] Black ice [PAR] Thin, new ice that forms on fresh water or dew covered surfaces; it is common on roadways during the fall and early winter and appears \"black\" because of its transparency. [PAR] Blizzard [PAR] Includes winter storm conditions of sustained winds or frequent gusts of 35 mph or more that cause major blowing and drifting of snow, reducing visibility to less than one-quarter mile for 3 or more hours. Extremely cold temperatures often are associated with dangerous blizzard conditions. In Canada, a blizzard described as a severe storm that lasts three or more hours, and brings low temperatures, strong winds and poor visibility due to blowing snow. In Australia, it is described as a violent and very cold wind which is loaded with snow, some of which has been raised from snow covered ground. [PAR] Blocking high [PAR] A high pressure area (anticyclone), often aloft, that remains nearly stationary or moves slowly compared to west-to-east motion. It blocks the movement eastward movement of low pressure areas (cyclones) at its latitude. [PAR] Blowing Dust [PAR] Dust that is raised by the wind to moderate heights above the ground to a degree that horizontal visibility decreases to less than seven miles. Visibilities of 1/8 mile or less over a widespread area are criteria for a Blowing Dust Advisory. [PAR] Blowing sand [PAR] Sand particles picked up from the surface of the earth by the wind to moderate heights above the ground, reducing the reported horizontal visibility to less than seven statute miles. [PAR] Blowing snow [PAR] Wind driven snow that reduces visibility to six miles or less causing significant drifting. Blowing snow may be snow that is falling and/or loose snow on the ground picked up by the wind. In Canada, it is described as snow that is lifted by the wind from the earth's surface to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Home : Victoria Cross for Australia : Department of Defence Home : Victoria Cross for Australia : Department of Defence [PAR] Victoria Cross for Australia [PAR] Home [PAR] The Victoria Cross for Australia [PAR] The Victoria Cross for Australia is the pre-eminent award for acts of bravery in wartime and Australia's highest honour. [PAR] The Victoria Cross for Australia is awarded to a person who, in the presence of the enemy, displays the most conspicuous gallantry, or daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice or extreme devotion to duty. [PAR] History [PAR] The British or Imperial Victoria Cross was originally created by Queen Victoria in 1856 and made retrospective to include the Crimean War (1854\u20131856). [PAR] One hundred Australians have been awarded the Victoria Cross: 96 were awarded the Victoria Cross under the Imperial honours system (before the Australian Government chose to introduce its own honours system in 1975) and four Australian Army soldiers have been awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia, which was introduced as part of the Australian honours system by Letters Patent on 15 January 1991. [PAR] Australians have been awarded the Victoria Cross in the following conflicts: [PAR] 6 in the Boer War (1899\u20131902) [PAR] 64 in World War I (1914\u20131918) [PAR] 2 in North Russia (1919) [PAR] 20 in World War II (1939\u20131945) [PAR] 4 in Vietnam (1962\u20131972) [PAR] 4 in Afghanistan (2001\u2013 ) [PAR] Australian soldiers were awarded nine Victoria Crosses at Gallipoli, including seven during the Battle of Lone Pine (6\u20139 August 1915). [PAR] The first Australian to be awarded a Victoria Cross was Captain Sir Neville Howse, VC, KCMG, CB, KStJ, during the Boer War. He also served in World War I and, later, as an Australian Government minister responsible (separately) for the health, defence and repatriation portfolios. [PAR] Warrant Officer Class Two Keith Payne was the last Australian to be awarded the Imperial Victoria Cross. Invested with the Victoria Cross by Queen Elizabeth II aboard Her Majesty\u2019s Yacht Britannia in Brisbane on 13 April 1970, Warrant Officer Payne was awarded the VC for his \u201csustained and heroic personal efforts\u201d while under heavy enemy fire in Kon Tum Province, Vietnam, on 24 May 1969. [PAR] Recipients [PAR] Corporal Cameron Stewart Baird, VC, MG [PAR] The fourth recipient of the Victoria Cross for Australia and the first to be awarded posthumously. Corporal Baird\u2019s parents, Mr Doug & Mrs Kaye Baird, were presented with the award by the Governor-General at Government House, Canberra, on 18 February 2014. [PAR] Medal design [PAR] The Victoria Cross is designed in the form of the Maltese Cross: in the centre of the medal is a lion guardant standing upon Saint Edward's Crown. [PAR] The words \"For Valour\" are inscribed below. The Victoria Cross is suspended from a bar by a crimson ribbon. On the reverse of the cross the date of the act of bravery is inscribed, along with the name, rank and unit of the recipient. [PAR] Hancocks Jewellers, London, has manufactured the Victoria Cross since its inception and its jewellers continue to make the Victoria Cross for Australia. The medal itself is cast (not struck like a coin or pressed using a die) and hand-finished by the Hancocks jewellers, who use metal from the bronze cascabels of two captured cannons to make the medals. [PAR] Defending Australia and its National Interests"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A history of the Orient Express - the train travel guide... A history of the Orient Express - the truth behind the legend... [PAR] The truth behind the legend... [PAR] The Orient Express . . . [PAR] London to Central Asia & China via The Silk Route [PAR] London to India overland [PAR] Resident in France? Try www.seat61.fr [PAR] Comments? Feedback? Need help? Email the Man in Seat Sixty-One! [PAR] Sign the [PAR] Thank you for visiting my site... [PAR] [PAR] An LX-series sleeping-car, built in 1929 for the Wagons-Lits Company, now restored for the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express. Is this the real Orient Express? [PAR] On this page... [PAR] The Venice Simplon-Orient-Express (VSOE) from London to Venice. [PAR] The end of the Orient Express: 12 Dec 2009... [PAR] On 12 December 2009, EuroNight train number 469 Orient Express left Strasbourg on its final overnight run to Vienna, and on 13 December the celebrated name Orient Express disappeared forever from the official European timetables after 126 years. True, the Orient Express may have been the ultimate example of a knife that's had its blade and its handle replaced many times, but this train was indeed the true descendant of that first 1883 Express d'Orient and it officially carried the name Orient Express. You can trace its evolution from timetable to timetable, year to year from 1883 to 2009. On its last run, the Orient Express had evolved into an Austrian Railways (\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBB) EuroNight train, with one Austrian Railways air-conditioned sleeping-car (1 & 2 bed compartments, including two deluxe compartments with toilet and shower), two modern air-conditioned couchette cars with 4 & 6 berth compartments, and an Austrian seats car. The Orient Express was cut back to start in Strasbourg rather than Paris in June 2007 when the Paris-Strasbourg high-speed TGV line opened, so that it could no longer be attached to a French domestic train between Paris & Strasbourg. Although a TGV connection from Paris was provided, the writing was on the wall for this train when it stopped directly linking the French and Austrian capitals. It had lost its Paris-Budapest Hungarian couchette car and Paris-Bucharest Romanian sleeping-car in June 2001, and it hadn't carried any through cars for Istanbul since the 1960s. [PAR] You might now be a bit confused... [PAR] ...because you thought that the Orient Express was a special luxury train, and that it originally stopped running in 1977, was then beautifully restored and put back into service and runs from London & Paris to Venice and costs a fortune to travel on and people like David Suchet & Terry Wogan travel on it and do TV programmes about it... The train you're probably thinking of is the privately-run Venice Simplon-Orient-Express (VSOE), which uses vintage restored sleeping-cars & dining-cars and costs around \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd2,000 per person between London & Venice. Wonderful though the VSOE is - you'll find more information about the VSOE here - it is certainly not the 'original' Orient Express (as there's no such thing) or the 'real' Orient Express (that's the train referred to above, withdrawn on 12 December 2009). This page attempts to clear up some myths, put the Orient Express in context, and explain what the Orient Express really was. [PAR] [PAR] The destination board on the final (2009) incarnation of the Orient Express. Photo courtesy of Olivier Pierard [PAR] [PAR] The Orient Express about to leave Strasbourg for Vienna in summer 2009. It's ended its days as an Austrian Railways sleeper train. Photo courtesy of Olivier Pierard. [PAR] Yes, the ( real ) Orient Express continued to run until 12 December"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Triple A Resale Delft Blue Hand Painted Cow Figurine Triple A Resale Delft Blue Hand Painted Cow Figurine [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Delft Blue Hand Painted Cow Figurine in great condition. It measures 2.75\u2033 x 3\u2033 x 1 7/8\u2033. [PAR] Delft (Dutch pronunciation: [d\u025b\u026bft], About this sound pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a city and a municipality in the European country Netherlands. There it forms part of the province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland), where it is located to the north of bigger city Rotterdam and to the south of provincial capital The Hague. [PAR] Delft is primarily known for its historic town centre with canals, for Delft Blue pottery (Delftware), for the Delft University of Technology, for the painter Vermeer and the scientist Antony van Leeuwenhoek, and for its association with the Dutch royal family, the House of Orange-Nassau. [PAR] History [PAR] The city of Delft came into being aside a canal, the \u2018Delf\u2019, which comes from the word delven, meaning digging, and led to the name Delft. It presumably started around the 11th century as a landlord court. [PAR] From a rural village in the early Middle Ages Delft developed to a city, that in the 13th century (1246) received its charter. [PAR] (For some more information about the early development, see the article \u201cGracht\u201d, section \u201cDelft as an example\u201d). [PAR] The town\u2019s association with the House of Orange started when William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), nicknamed William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger), took up residence in 1572. At the time he was the leader of growing national Dutch resistance against Spanish occupation of the country, which struggle is known as the Eighty Years\u2019 War. By then Delft was one of the leading cities of Holland and it was equipped with the necessary city walls to serve as a headquarters. [PAR] After the Act of Abjuration was proclaimed in 1581 Delft became the de facto capital of the newly independent Netherlands, as the seat of the Prince of Orange. [PAR] When William was shot dead in 1584, by Balthazar Gerards in the hall of the Prinsenhof, the family\u2019s traditional burial place in Breda was still in the hands of the Spanish. Therefore, he was buried in the Delft Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), starting a tradition for the House of Orange that has continued to the present day. [PAR] Delft Explosion [PAR] The Delft Explosion, also known in history as the Delft Thunderclap, occurred on 12 October 1654 when a gunpowder store exploded, destroying much of the city. Over a hundred people were killed and thousands wounded. [PAR] About 30 tonnes (66,138 pounds) of gunpowder were stored in barrels in a magazine in a former Clarissen convent in the Doelenkwartier district. Cornelis Soetens, the keeper of the magazine, opened the store to check a sample of the powder and a huge explosion followed. Luckily, many citizens were away, visiting a market in Schiedam or a fair in The Hague. Artist Carel Fabritius was wounded in the explosion and died of his injuries. Later on, Egbert van der Poel painted several pictures of Delft showing the devastation. [PAR] Delft in 1652 (Blaeu) [PAR] Egbert van der Poel: A View of Delft after the Explosion of 1654 [PAR] View of Delft by Johannes Vermeer, 1660\u20131661 [PAR] The Gemeenlandshuis and the Old Church in (1877) by Cornelis Springer, [PAR] Sights [PAR] The city centre retains a large number of monumental buildings, whereas in many streets there are canals of which the borders are connected by typical bridges,[5] altogether making this city a notable tourist destination.[6] [PAR] Historical buildings and other sights of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Chase - Game Shows Wiki - Wikia The Chase | Game Shows Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] A team of three contestants attempt to amass as much money as possible to put into a team bank by answering general-knowledge questions. The money earned will go into the bank, but there is one person standing in their way: a quiz genius known as The Beast. The Beast's job is to catch each contestant and make sure the players are not able to put the money in the bank which the team must collectively play for in \"The Final Chase\". [PAR] To begin, each player comes up one at a time and plays a game called \"Cash Builder\". In this game, each is given one minute to answer as many questions as possible with each correct answer worth $5,000. The more correct answers given, the more money the players could add into the bank. [PAR] After the minute is up, the player's money is placed three steps down on an eight-step money board. The player may remain at this step and play for the money they have won, but if they so wish, they can be placed one step lower down the board for a smaller award, or one step further up the board for a greater award, with each award's value being set by The Beast. The lower award can occasionally be a negative amount of money. [PAR] If the player elects to play for the greater reward, The Beast is two steps behind them and the player must answer six questions correctly to reach the end. If the player elects to remain where they are, The Beast is three steps behind them and the player must answer five questions correctly to reach the end. However, if the player elects to play for the smaller reward, The Beast is four steps behind them and the player must answer four questions correctly to reach the end. On occasion, The Beast can offer a more greater award, if this happens The Beast is one step behind them and the player must answer seven questions to reach the end. On rare occasions, the Chaser may escalate the stakes by offering a \"super offer\" for an even higher amount, with the contestant being required to answer seven questions correctly without being caught. [PAR] Once the player nominates their starting position, they must answer questions correctly in order to reach the bottom of the board and bank their money. Both the player and The Beast are given the same multiple choice question with three possible answers, then must secretly press one of the three buttons on their keypad to lock in their answer. If the player and/or The Beast is correct, they move one step down the board, but if wrong, they must remain where they are. The Beast's job is to catch up to the player and eliminate them from the game by capitalizing on the mistakes the player makes before they can reach the bottom of the board. If this happens, the player is out of the game and the cash disappears, and as the saying goes, the chase is over, but if the player reaches the bottom, their money is put into the team's prize pot which will be contested for in the final round. This is repeated for all three players. [PAR] The players who successfully outrun The Beast proceed to The Final Chase. If all three players are caught, then their prize fund is set to $15,000 and the team must nominate one player"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vettriano-Art Vettriano Jack prints vettriano posters and limited editions Scottish artist [PAR] Vettriano Jack prints vettriano posters and limited editions Scottish artist [PAR] Jack Vettriano Biography [PAR] Photograph of Jack Vettriano by Richard Kalina. [PAR] Jack Vettriano, otherwise known as Jack Hoggan, was born on 17. of November 1951 in Methil, Fife, Scotland. His parents are of Italian origin. Jack Vettriano has been working for the last two decades as a very successful painter. His original art as well as posters and prints of his motifs are widely admired and collected. The style of Vettriano\u2019s art is often described as sentimental, mysterious, and often melancholic. [PAR] Jack Vettriano is a self made man, and his story is that of a real fighter. By the beginning of the 21st Century, Vettriano sold more than 500,000 works. Most of these paintings are now in private, public and commercial collections all over the world. [PAR] Jack Vettriano\u2019s birth name is Jack Hoggan. He grew up in the industrial coastal city of Mehil. Vettriano left school when he was16 years old, to work in the local coal mine. His goal was to becoming a mining engineer. [PAR] Vettriano began to paint rather by accident. His girlfriend at the time gave him a set of watercolor paints for his 21st birthday. Vettriano learned to paint by reading textbooks and studying and copying paintings from other well known artists. [PAR] Vettriano\u2019s first painting was a copy of Monet\u2019s poppy fields \u2013 still signed with the name Jack Hoggan. In 1988, Jack changed his name to Jack Vettriano, by adopting his mothers maiden name, and adding an \u201ca\u201d to it. In the same year, Jack Vettriano exhibited two of his paintings at the Royal Scottish Academy. The submission of his paintings aroused public interest in his work, and Jack Vettriano soon secured enough income to devote himself fully to being an artist. [PAR] Further exhibitions in London, Edinburgh, Hong Kong and Johannesburg contributed both to Jack Vettriano\u2019s increasing success, as well as to the failure of his marriage. [PAR] In November 1999, Jack Vettriano exhibited twenty paintings at the International 20th Century Art Fair in New York. 50 British collectors attended the opening and after the first day, all Vettriano paintings had been sold. [PAR] Jack Vettriano\u2019s most acclaimed and best-selling work is The Singing Butler . Interestingly, it was dismissed by the summer exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1992. However, the painting of \u201c The Singing Butler \u201d sold at auction twelve years later for a fabulous \u00a3 744,500.00. [PAR] Today, Jack Vettriano, works in his studios in London and Kirkcaldy, Scotland. The public interest in Vettriano\u2019s art is growing daily. There are many devoted collectors of Vettriano\u2019s work, among them are Jack Nicholson, Sir Alex Ferguson and Robbie Coltrane.[DOC] [TLE] Biography \u2014 Jack Vettriano Biography \u2014 Jack Vettriano [PAR] Menu [PAR] Biography [PAR] Born in Fife, Scotland in 1951, Jack Vettriano left school at sixteen to become a mining engineer. For his twenty-first birthday, a girlfriend gave him a set of watercolour paints and, from then on, he spent much of his spare time teaching himself to paint. [PAR] In 1989, he submitted two paintings to the Royal Scottish Academy\u2019s annual exhibition; both were accepted and sold on the first day. The following year, an equally enthusiastic reaction greeted the three paintings, which he entered for the prestigious Summer Exhibition at London\u2019s Royal Academy and his new life as an artist began from that point on. [PAR] Over the last twenty years, interest in Vettriano\u2019s work has grown consistently. There have been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Old Man and the Sea Book Review - 1953 Pullitzer Prize The Old Man and the Sea Book Review - 1953 Pullitzer Prize [PAR] [PAR] Publisher\u2019s synopsis: [PAR] Hemingway's triumphant yet tragic story of an old Cuban fisherman and his relentless, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream combines the simplicity of a fable, the significance of a parable, and the drama of an epic. [PAR] [PAR] Extract: [PAR] He was an old man who had fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy\u2019s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky\u2026 [PAR] [PAR] Reviews: [PAR] Good: [PAR] Within the sharp restrictions imposed by the very nature of his story Mr Hemingway has written with sure skill. Here is the master technician once more at the top of his form doing superbly what he can do better than anyone else. [PAR] New York Times, Orville Prescott, 28th August 1952 [PAR] [PAR] Not so good: [PAR] Of all the distinguished writers of our time none seems to have become more hopelessly muscle-bound than Mr Ernest Hemingway\u2026\u2026We want to read about his characters and forget their creator, yet we turn the pages unable to think of anything but Mr Hemingway himself. [PAR] Times Literary Supplement 12th September 1952 [PAR] [PAR] About the author [PAR] Born in 1899 and died in 1961, joined the Kansas City Star in 1917 as a reporter. Injured in Italy in first world war and returned to America in 1919 and married in 1921. In 1924 he retired from journalism to concentrate on fiction. He was passionately involved with bull-fighting, big-game hunting and deep-sea fishing and his writing reflected that."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anna Leonowens and the King - fact or fiction? - Tripod.com Anna Leonowens and the King - fact or fiction? [PAR] Anna Leonowens [PAR] Anna Leonowens is world famous as the governess in the court of Siam due to the popularity of the musical The King and I. Many people believed that they were watching a true story. Not only regarding the antics of the king but also the importance of Anna in the court. The film, starring Yul Brynner, so insulted the Thai people, that it was banned from being shown in Thailand on grounds of historical and cultural distortions. Now, a remake of the movie is being planned. Can Hollywood make amends for past misdeeds or will history repeat itself? [PAR] Anna Leonowens and the King - FACT OR FICTION? New light has thrown doubt on the authenticity of not only the story but also of Anna's background. [PAR] FICTION [PAR] What Anna told about her life [PAR] FACT [PAR] What historians now believe Her name was Anna Crawford, born in Wales, on November 5, 1834. Her name was Anna Edwards, born in India in 1831. Her father was Captain Thomas Crawford, who died during a Sikh uprising in India when Anna was just 6 years old. Anna and her sister were at school in Wales at the time. Her father was Thomas Edwards, a cabinet maker who enlisted in the Bombay infantry. He died three months before Anna was born and her mother re-married to a corporal in the Engineers. Anna and her sister were sent to school in England. Anna and her sister moved to India on the completion of their education at the age of 14 or 15. Anna and her sister returned to India on the completion of their education at the age of 14 or 15. Her step-father wanted to marry her off to a man twice her age. To escape this situation, she went on a long tour of the middle east with the Reverand Percy Badger. Her step-father wanted to marry her off to a man twice her age. To escape this situation, she went on a long tour of the middle east with the Reverand Percy Badger. On her return she eloped, at the age of 17, to marry an army captain named Thomas Leonowens. On her return she married, at the age of 18, a clerk called Thomas Leon Owens. They lived in London for a while before, Thomas Leonowens, now a major, was posted to Singapore. Whilst there, Anna learned that the money that her father had left her had all been lost during the Indian Mutiny. Thomas Owens had difficulty in keeping a job and they moved around a lot. They had two children called Louis and Avis. Major Thomas Leonowens suffered sunstroke on a tiger hunt and later died leaving Anna with two small children and no money. Thomas Owens died of apoplexy in Penang, Malaya. Anna moved to Singpaore. Friends rallied round to help and she began a small school for officers' children. Her daughter Avis was sent back to England. Whilst in Singpaore she received the invitation to go to Siam (now Thailand). Friends rallied round to help and she began a small school for officers' children. Her daughter Avis was sent back to England. Whilst in Singpaore she received the invitation to go to Siam (now Thailand). [PAR] In Bangkok [PAR] It proved easy for historians to demolish Anna as a trustworthy historian because both her books are filled with glaring errors. Even the title of the most famous is inaccurate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Avatar (2009) - IMDb Avatar (2009) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $13.99 (HD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] A paraplegic marine dispatched to the moon Pandora on a unique mission becomes torn between following his orders and protecting the world he feels is his home. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 29 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 04 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 26 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Avatar \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 81 wins & 121 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A seventeen-year-old aristocrat falls in love with a kind but poor artist aboard the luxurious, ill-fated R.M.S. Titanic. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] A young man who survives a disaster at sea is hurtled into an epic journey of adventure and discovery. While cast away, he forms an unexpected connection with another survivor: a fearsome Bengal tiger. [PAR] Director: Ang Lee [PAR] Years after a plague kills most of humanity and transforms the rest into monsters, the sole survivor in New York City struggles valiantly to find a cure. [PAR] Director: Francis Lawrence [PAR] Two astronauts work together to survive after an accident which leaves them alone in space. [PAR] Director: Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n [PAR] Katniss Everdeen voluntarily takes her younger sister's place in the Hunger Games, a televised competition in which two teenagers from each of the twelve Districts of Panem are chosen at random to fight to the death. [PAR] Director: Gary Ross [PAR] After being held captive in an Afghan cave, billionaire engineer Tony Stark creates a unique weaponized suit of armor to fight evil. [PAR] Director: Jon Favreau [PAR] A Mumbai teen reflects on his upbringing in the slums when he is accused of cheating on the Indian Version of \"Who Wants to be a Millionaire?\" [PAR] Directors: Danny Boyle, Loveleen Tandan [PAR] Stars: Dev Patel, Freida Pinto, Saurabh Shukla [PAR] Jack Sparrow races to recover the heart of Davy Jones to avoid enslaving his soul to Jones' service, as other friends and foes seek the heart for their own agenda as well. [PAR] Director: Gore Verbinski [PAR] A reluctant hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, sets out to the Lonely Mountain with a spirited group of dwarves to reclaim their mountain home - and the gold within it - from the dragon Smaug. [PAR] Director: Peter Jackson [PAR] Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark become targets of the Capitol after their victory in the 74th Hunger Games sparks a rebellion in the Districts of Panem. [PAR] Director: Francis Lawrence [PAR] King Leonidas of Sparta and a force of 300 men fight the Persians at Thermopylae in 480 B.C. [PAR] Director: Zack Snyder [PAR] In 2035, a technophobic cop investigates a crime that may have been perpetrated by a robot, which leads to a larger threat to humanity. [PAR] Director: Alex Proyas [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When his brother is killed in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United States Croquet Association \u2014 Rules United States Croquet Association \u2014 Rules [PAR] Rules of American Croquet [PAR] GLOSSARY OF CROQUET TERMS [PAR] ALIVE - able to roquet one or more balls. A ball becomes alive on all balls when it scores a wicket and may roquet and take croquet from each ball one time between each wicket point. [PAR] ALL-AROUND BREAK - a player scores all the wickets in a single turn. [PAR] ALTERNATING DOUBLES - see WATERFORD DOUBLES. [PAR] APPROACH SHOT (also POSITION SHOT) - a shot intended to place the ball in position to score a wicket. [PAR] BALL-IN-HAND - any ball that has to be moved, and is therefore lifted and replaced or given a fresh position on the court in accordance with the rules, e.g.: [PAR] a) a ball that has made a roquet, [PAR] b) a ball off the court or less than 9 inches from the boundary, [PAR] c) a wired ball that has been lifted, [PAR] d) a ball that has to be re-positioned after a fault or irregularity, [PAR] e) a ball that is wired and has claimed the right to be lifted. [PAR] BISQUE - a replayed shot or an additional shot given to a player. Bisques are determined by a player\u2019s handicap and serve the purpose of equalizing a game between players of different levels of ability. See CONTINUATION BISQUE and REPLAY BISQUE. [PAR] BISQUE PLAY - see HANDICAP PLAY. [PAR] BLOCK (also STYMIE) - when a ball, on which the striker is dead, intrudes in the direct path the striker ball would take to score its wicket. [PAR] BLOCK PLAY (also ROUND ROBIN) - a tournament format in which players are assigned to blocks and play one game against each, or most, of the other players in their block. Some form of playoffs to determine the top finishing positions usually follows a round robin. [PAR] BREAK - a series of wickets scored by a player in one turn using one other ball (two-ball break), two other balls (three-ball break) or with all balls in play (four-ball break). [PAR] BREAK DOWN - when a break or turn ends because no continuation or croquet shot is earned or a fault occurs. [PAR] BYE - a position on a tournament ladder where the player is without an opponent. The player then advances to the next round without playing. [PAR] CANNON SHOT - when the striker ball drives one ball into another ball, on a roquet or croquet shot. [PAR] CAROM SHOT - when the striker ball glances off a wicket, stake, or other ball before hitting a ball. [PAR] CHERNOBYL - a defensive opening in which a ball is held back and usually sets in front of wicket #1 to clear on a later turn. More specifically, the Chernobyl Gambit is an opening play where one ball (usually yellow) sets at wicket #1 and the partner ball (red) shoots out on court north of there, offering a tice to the opponent or a ball to play off when the other clears its first hoop. [PAR] CLEAN - see CLEAR. [PAR] CLEAR (also CLEAN) - to become \u201calive\u201d by running or scoring a wicket, or be relieved of deadness under the 1-back rule. [PAR] CLIPS - colored clips, one for each ball, which are placed on wickets to show which ball is going for which wicket and in what direction; clips on top indicate the first six wickets, clips on the side indicate the second six wickets. [PAR] COLD BALL - see SPENT BALL. [PAR] CONDONE - failure of a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the name of the fish in \"Pinocchio\"? | Reference.com What is the name of the fish in \"Pinocchio\"? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the name of the fish in \"Pinocchio\"? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In the 1940 Disney film \"Pinocchio,\" the name of the pet goldfish belonging to Geppetto was Cleo. The animated film was based on a book titled \"The Adventures of Pinocchio\" by Carlo Collodi, which was originally published in 1883. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Cleo is an affectionate feminine character who always appears in her goldfish bowl and shows affection to the kitten named Figaro. When Pinocchio is in his marionette stage, Cleo swims in reverse. She makes a memorable squeaking noise when she jumps from her goldfish bowl and kisses both Figaro and Pinocchio. Cleo also made appearances in the films \"Aladdin,\" \"House of Mouse\" and \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit?\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gregor Mendel - Biography - Angelfire Gregor Mendel - Biography [PAR] MENDEL, Gregor (1822-84). The laws of heredity on which the modern science of genetics is based were discovered by an obscure Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel. Yet Mendel's discoveries remained virtually unknown for more than 30 years after he completed his experiments--in spite of the fact that his papers reached the largest libraries of Europe and the United States. (See also Genetics; Heredity.) [PAR] Johann Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, in Heinzendorf, Austria. He took the name Gregor when he entered the monastery in Brunn, Moravia (now Brno, Czech Republic) in 1843. He studied for two years at the Philosophical Institute in Olmutz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic), before going to Brunn. He became a priest in 1847. For most of the next 20 years he taught at a nearby high school, except for two years of study at the University of Vienna (1851-53). In 1868 Mendel was elected abbot of the monastery. [PAR] Mendel's famous garden-pea experiments began in 1856 in the monastery garden. He proposed that the existence of characteristics such as blossom color is due to the occurrence of paired elementary units of heredity, now known as genes. Mendel presented his work to the local Natural Science Society in 1865 in a paper entitled \"Experiments with Plant Hybrids.\" Administrative duties after 1868 kept him too busy for further research. He lived out his life in relative obscurity, dying on Jan. 6, 1884. In 1900, independent research by other scientists confirmed Mendel's results. [PAR] --------------------------------------------------------- [PAR] From Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia \u00a9 1998 The Learning Company, Inc. [PAR] . [PAR] Gregor Mendel [PAR] The first person to discover the basic laws of heredity and suggest the existence of genes was an Austrian monk, Gregor Mendel, b. July 22, 1822, d. Jan. 6, 1884. The importance of his work was not realised until 1900, at which time his findings laid the foundation for the science of genetics. [PAR] Born Johann Mendel in Heinzendorf, Austrian Silesia (now Hyn\u00b0ice, Czech Republic), he changed his name to Gregor in 1843 when he entered the Augustinian monastery at Br\u009fnn (now Brno). He was ordained a priest in 1847 and in 1851 was sent to the University of Vienna for training as a teacher of mathematics and natural sciences. He returned to Br\u009fnn in 1854, where he taught until 1868. [PAR] In a monastery garden Mendel began (1856) the breeding experiments that led him to discover the laws of heredity. Working with garden peas, he studied seven characteristics that occur in alternative forms: plant height (tallness vs. shortness), seed colour (green vs. yellow), seed shape (smooth vs. wrinkled), seed-coat colour (gray vs. white), pod shape (full vs. constricted), pod colour (green vs. yellow), and flower distribution (along length vs. at end of stem). Mendel made hundreds of crosses by means of artificial pollination. He kept careful records of the plants that were crossed and of the offspring. In 1865, Mendel reported his findings at a meeting of the Br\u009fnn Natural History Society. The following year his results were published as \"Experiments with Plant Hybrids\" in the society's journal. [PAR] Mendel summarised his findings in three theories. He asserted that during the formation of the sex cells\u00d1the egg and the sperm\u00d1paired factors segregated, or separated. Thus a sperm or egg may contain either a tallness factor or a shortness factor, not both. This theory is called Mendel's first law, or the principle of segregation. [PAR] Mendel's second law, called the principle of independent assortment, stated that characteristics are inherited independently of one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (London, UK) About the AELTC - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM [PAR] About the AELTC READ MORE [PAR] The AELTC [PAR] The day-to-day operations of The Championships are led and conducted by the AELTC. [PAR] The AELTC is a wholly owned subsidiary of The All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club Limited (\"the Club\") and, on 1 August 2011, acquired all the assets and undertaking of the Club in relation to The Championships. [PAR] The All England Lawn Tennis Club (Championships) Limited, Church Road, Wimbledon, Tel: +44 (0)20 8944 1066 [PAR] The Board: P.G.H.Brook (Chairman), Ms S.J. Ambrose, The Lord O'Donnell GCB KCB CB, R.M. Gradon, T.H. Henman O.B.E., I.L. Hewitt, Mrs A.W.L. Innes, S.A. Jones L.V.O, R.T. Stoakes, A.J.K. Tatum, Miss D A Jevans CBE, The Hon H B Weatherill. [PAR] Directors: R.A.Lewis C.B.E. (Chief Executive), Miss S.Clarke (Championships Director), R.G.Atkinson (Finance Director), M.J.Desmond (Commercial Director), R.Deatker (Estate Director), M.W.C.Guntrip (Club Director), T.J.Wilson (IT Director). [PAR] The Club [PAR] The Club was founded on 23 July 1868 as The All England Croquet Club. Its name was changed in 1877 to The All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club and in 1899 to The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. On 1 August 2011 the Club was converted into a company limited by guarantee under the name The All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club Limited. The activities of the Club, as a private members' club, are conducted separately from The Championships. [PAR] Patron Her Majesty The Queen [PAR] President H.R.H. The Duke of Kent, K.G., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., A.D.C. [PAR] Vice-Presidents J.E. Barrett M.B.E., J.A.H. Curry, C.B.E., J.S. Dunningham O.B.E., Sir Ronald Hampel, M.P. Hann, P. Jackson, C.B.E., Mrs A.S. Jones CBE, T. D. Phillips, C.B.E, B.N.A. Weatherill, C.B.E., K.F. Weatherley. [PAR] Chairman P.G.H Brook [PAR] Committee P.G.H.Brook (Chairman), Ms S.J. Ambrose, N.A. Basing, The Lord O'Donnell GCB KCB CB, R.M. Gradon, T.H. Henman O.B.E., I.L. Hewitt, Mrs A.W.L. Innes, S.A. Jones L.V.O, G.M. Newton, R.T. Stoakes, A.J.K. Tatum. [PAR] Trustees P R Hutchins, B.N.A. Weatherill C.B.E. [PAR] [PAR] Membership [PAR] Membership consists of five categories (a) Full Members, (b) Life Members, (c) Honorary Members, (d) Temporary Members, (e) Junior Temporary Members. Members under headings (a), (b) and (c) are limited to 500 in number. Honorary Members include past Singles Champions, other eminent Lawn Tennis players, benefactors of the Club or The Championships, and other persons who have rendered special service to Lawn Tennis. [PAR] Temporary Members are elected from year to year and generally are active players who make regular use of the facilities and play in matches during their period of Membership. [PAR] Grounds [PAR] The Grounds are owned by the All England Lawn Tennis Ground plc and consist of 18 grass courts (including Centre Court and No.1 Court), eight American Clay courts and five indoor courts, two Greenset Velvelux and three Greenset Trophy. In Aorangi Park, there are 22 grass courts for practice before and during The Championships and two green acrylic courts. The total area, including the Club's car parks, covers over 42 acres. [PAR] Apart from the grass courts, the courts are used all year round by the Club members and LTA-sponsored players. The grass courts are in play from May to September (except Centre Court and other Show Courts which are used only for The Championships). The courts are lent to a number of clubs and organisations, mainly of a national character, for the staging of various events. [PAR] The area north of the Centre Court became known as Aorangi"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Treat a Sting from a Stinging Nettle (with Pictures) How to Treat a Sting from a Stinging Nettle (with Pictures) [PAR] Cleaning the Area [PAR] 1 [PAR] Avoid touching the area at first. If possible, do not touch or rub the affected area for 10 minutes. Pour fresh water over the area without touching. Even though the pain can be intense during the first few minutes, by avoiding any touching or rubbing, you may prevent the pain from lingering for days. [1] [PAR] The chemical irritants from the plant can dry on the surface of the skin, then they can be removed by soap and water. By avoiding any rubbing or touching at first, the chemicals are not pushed further into the skin, which can cause the painful reaction to last longer, possibly even days. [2] [PAR] The chemicals released by the plant include acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, moroidin, leukotrienes, and possibly formic acid. [3] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Use soap and water. Soap and water cleans the affected parts of the skin, and removes the chemicals released by the plant that cause the pain, swelling, redness, and itching. In many cases, once the area is washed, the pain either goes away completely, or is greatly reduced. [4] [PAR] 3 [PAR] Use a clean cloth. If you are not near soap or water, use a clean cloth to gently remove dirt and plant debris from the area until it can be more thoroughly cleaned. [5] [PAR] 4 [PAR] Apply tape. Lightly apply a strong tape, like duct tape, to the area involved, then remove the tape. This can help to remove any remaining fibers that may be lodged in the skin. [6] [PAR] 5 [PAR] Try a wax hair removal product. If the tape did not remove all the unwanted plant material from the skin, you can try using a wax hair remover. [7] [PAR] Apply a layer of the wax removal, let it dry for about 5 minutes, then gently peel off the wax, taking the plant debris along with it. [8] [PAR] Part 2 [PAR] Taking Measures for Relief [PAR] 1 [PAR] Know what to expect. The stinging, burning, pain, and itching, is quite intense. The duration of the symptoms varies from person to person, and varies depending on the initial measures taken to clean the area as just described. [9] [PAR] The rash looks similar to hives, with raised areas of whitish blisters. The entire area can appear swollen and inflamed, with a reddish tint to the area affected. [10] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Use leaves from other plants. Applying the juices contained in the leaves from either a dock plant or jewelweed plant may help. These plants often grow in the same areas as the nettle plant. Locate either plant, and crush a few leaves to release their juices. Apply the crushed leaves to the area affected. [11] [PAR] The actual science behind the use of plants to treat this condition is very limited. Yet, this has been common practice in treating a sting from a nettle plant for centuries. [12] [PAR] A dock weed plant commonly grows in the same general areas as the stinging nettle plant. The plant grows in height from 20 inches to about 50 inches, and the leaves grow to be about 16 inches long. The leaves are very large, oval, have rounded tips, and have a wavy look to the edges. The lower leaves have a reddish color to their stems. [13] [PAR] A jewelweed plant is the same plant as an impatiens. These plants also grow naturally in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] turnip-shaped - definition and meaning - Wordnik.com turnip-shaped - definition and meaning [PAR] turnip-shaped [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] Shaped like a turnip; napiform. [PAR] from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. [PAR] adj. shaped in the form of a turnip [PAR] Etymologies [PAR] Sorry, no etymologies found. [PAR] Examples [PAR] Model stills are ubiquitous; little turnip-shaped things built of copper and mounted onto a varnished plank with miniature dollhouse campfires under their boilers. [PAR] The New Dr. Price Cookbook [PAR] As an awn from a bearded head of barley will win its disputed way up one's sleeve, and gain a point in advance despite all effort to stop or expel it, so did every resolution, every reflection, counteract the very purpose it was summoned to oppose, and to my sorrow I would taste the drastic, turnip-shaped corm wherever opportunity occurred.[DOC] [TLE] Napiform - definition of napiform by The Free Dictionary Napiform - definition of napiform by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Napiform - definition of napiform by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/napiform [PAR] Round at the top and tapering below; turnip-shaped: napiform roots. [PAR] [Latin n\u0101pus, turnip + -form .] [PAR] (Botany) botany shaped like a turnip [PAR] [C19: from Latin n\u0101pus turnip] [PAR] na\u2022pi\u2022form [PAR] turnip-shaped, as a root. [PAR] [1840\u201350; < Latin n\u0101p(us) a kind of turnip + -i- + -form ] [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Keir Hardie, Politician \u2022 Biography & Facts Keir Hardie, Politician \u2022 Biography & Facts [PAR] Keir Hardie [PAR] Politician [PAR] James Keir Hardie (15 August 1856 \u2013 26 September 1915), was a Scottish Georgist, socialist, and labour leader, and was the first independent Labour Member of Parliament elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Hardie is regarded as one of the primary founders of the Independent Labour Party as well as the Labour Party of which it was later a part. [PAR] Personal facts[DOC] [TLE] Name Keir - The Meaning Of The Name Name Keir - The Meaning Of The Name [PAR] The Meaning Of The Name [PAR] Toggle navigation [PAR] Name: Keir [PAR] Gender: Male [PAR] Usage: Keir, of Scottish-Gaelic origin, is a popular first name. It is more often used as a boy (male) name. [PAR] People having the name Keir are in general originating from Ireland, United Kingdom, United States of America. [PAR] For another variant of the name Keir across the world, see Keiran . [PAR] Little dark one [PAR] Dusky [PAR] Please feel free to read what others say about this name and to share your comments if you have more information. [PAR] N.B. Sometimes it happens that another name has the same meaning. There is nothing surprising in this: both names have the same origin or the same numbers of numerology. [PAR] To test the compatibility of this name with another, enter a name [PAR] and click [PAR] The Growth number corresponding to this first name is 7. [PAR] Interpretation: [PAR] Learn more with our free [PAR] Numerology Tool [PAR] Popularity of the Name [PAR] The name Keir is ranked on the 12,057th position of the most used names. It means that this name is commonly used. [PAR] We estimate that there are at least 20000 persons in the world having this name which is around 0.001% of the population. The name Keir has four characters. It means that it is relatively short-length, compared to the other names in our database. [PAR] The graph below represents the number of people who were given the name Keir for each year since 1900 in the U.S.A.: [PAR] We do not have a name day for Keir. [PAR] For other names check our [PAR] Name Day Calendar [PAR] Keir is a Gaelic name. Notable people with the name include: [PAR] Surname: [PAR] Andrew Keir (1926\u20131997), Scottish actor [PAR] Colin Keir (born 1959), Scottish politician [PAR] David Keir (1884\u20131971), British actor [PAR] David Lindsay Keir (1895\u20131973), British historian [PAR] Jack Keir, Canadian politician [PAR] James Keir (1735\u20131820), Scottish scientist [PAR] John Keir (1856\u20131937), British Army officer [PAR] Leitch Keir, Scottish footballer [PAR] Nick Keir (born 1953), Scottish musician [PAR] Given name: [PAR] Keir Clark (1910\u20132010), Canadian politician [PAR] Keir Dillon (born 1977), American snowboarder [PAR] Keir Dullea (born 1936), American actor [PAR] Keir Gilchrist (born 1992), Canadian actor [PAR] Keir Giles, (born 1968), British writer [PAR] Keir Graff (born 1969), American writer [PAR] Keir Hardie (1856\u20131915), Scottish socialist [PAR] Keir Nuttall, Australian musician [PAR] Keir O'Donnell (born 1978), Australian actor [PAR] Keir Pearson (born 1966), American screenwriter [PAR] Keir Simmons (born 1972), British journalist [PAR] Keir Starmer (born 1962), British barrister and prosecutor [PAR] Keir Thomas (born 1972), British journalist and author [PAR] Scottish: transferred use of the surname, in origin a variant of Kerr . In some cases, the name may be chosen in honour of the trade unionist and first Labour MP, James Keir Hardie (1856\u20131915), whose mother's maiden name was Keir. [PAR] The section \"History and Origin\" of this page contains content"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronaldsway Airport | Isle Of Man Portal . com Ronaldsway Airport | Isle Of Man Portal . com [PAR] [PAR] Ronaldsway Airport [PAR] Ronaldsway airport is the main passenger airport on the Isle of Man. Located in the Irish Sea, the small island is a self-governing British dependency and is home to the world-famous Isle of Man TT races. The airport is particularly popular with tourists as the trip from most British airports takes no more than an hour. [PAR] The airfield of Ronaldsway was first opened in 1928 and the first passenger flights left the airport in 1933. During the Second World War, the airport was commandeered by the Royal Air Force; however, it continued to operate passenger flights throughout the war. In recent years, the airport has expanded rapidly to deal with increasing visitor numbers to the island. A major new landside retail area, departure lounge and arrivals hall were officially opened in 2000. Passenger capacity at the airport was significantly increased in 2007 with the opening of several new departure gates Several improvements to the runway have attracted several of Europe\u2019s leading airlines and attracted much larger planes in recent years. [PAR] Ronaldsway airport is located near Castletown and only seven miles from Douglas, the island\u2019s capital. Its coastal location provides stunning sea views from the runway and creates an exciting and picturesque approach for incoming planes. Regular scheduled services operate from the airport to several destinations in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Channel Islands. [PAR] Travellers arriving and departing from the Isle of Man can expect to find all of the facilities and amenities found in Europe\u2019s largest airports. Helpful and friendly customer service staff provide directions and answer general questions at the airport\u2019s information desk, located in the main hall. People can withdraw cash from the ATM machines in the airport foyer and reliable wireless broadband services can be utilised in the departure lounge and catering areas. [PAR] Travellers can relax and enjoy a quick bite to eat or a refreshing drink at Cafe Oasis. There is also the chance to make a few last-minute purchases in the Skylines Travellers Store. Located next to Cafe Oasis, the store offers a wide selection of newspapers, magazines and confectionery. The store also sells authentic merchandise, made in the Isle of Man and available at very reasonable prices. [PAR] For executive travellers, or those looking for little luxury before a flight, the Rendezvous Executive Lounge provides relaxing surroundings and the chance to enjoy a few pre-flight snacks. Complimentary drinks, snacks and wireless internet can make the wait for a flight extremely enjoyable. Travellers can sit back, read a newspaper or watch the TV while waiting for their flight to be called. Ronaldsway airport is the gateway to a very friendly, welcoming and picturesque part of the world. Located against the stunning backdrop of the Irish Sea, it is an airport befitting the beautiful Isle of Man."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Katy Perry - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson - Genealogy [PAR] Genealogy [PAR] Join the world's largest family tree [PAR] Gender [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] Sister of <private> Hudson and <private> Hudson [PAR] Occupation: [PAR] Added 2013-08-01 17:01:39 -0700 by Private User [PAR] Collection: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, California, USA [PAR] Mother's maiden name: [PAR] Added 2014-02-07 09:24:18 -0800 by Private User [PAR] Collection: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, Kalifornia [PAR] Parents: [PAR] <Private> Hudson, <Private> Hudson (z d. Perry) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Added 2014-02-07 09:26:48 -0800 by Private User [PAR] Collection: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, Kalifornia [PAR] Parents: [PAR] <Private> Hudson, <Private> Hudson (z d. Perry) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Maurice Keith Hudson, Mary Hudson (Perry) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] Oct 25 1984 - Santa Barbara, CA, USA [PAR] Parents: [PAR] <Private> Hudson, <Private> Hudson (born Cox) [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] mother's ex-spouse [PAR] About Katy Perry [PAR] She is better known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Perry was born in Santa Barbara, California, and raised by Christian pastor parents; she grew up listening to only gospel music and sang in church as a child. After earning a GED during her freshman year of high school, she began to pursue a music career. She released a self-titled gospel album in 2001 as Katy Hudson which failed with the closing of its record label that year. She recorded an album with production team The Matrix and completed most of a solo album from 2004\u20132005, neither of which were released. [PAR] After signing on with Capitol Music Group in 2007, her fourth record label in seven years, she adopted the stage name Katy Perry and released her first Internet single, \"Ur So Gay\", that November, which garnered attention but did not chart. She rose to fame with her second single \"I Kissed a Girl\" in 2008, which topped international charts. Perry's first mainstream album, One of the Boys, followed later that year and was eventually announced to be the thirty-third best selling album of 2008 worldwide. It was accredited platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America; \"I Kissed a Girl\" and her second single \"Hot n Cold\" both received multi-platinum certifications. Perry was ranked the 97th Artist of the 2000\u201310 decade by Billboard. She became known for wearing unconventional style of dress, often combining bold colors and vintage fashion. Her next album, Teenage Dream, was released on August 24, 2010 in the United States. [PAR] Perry had a long relationship with Travis McCoy; she is currently engaged to Russell Brand. [PAR] Katy Perry was born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson in Santa Barbara, California. The second child of two pastors, she has an older sister and younger brother.Her Evangelical mother, Mary Hudson (n\u00e9e Perry), grew up in Southern California and had \"a tempestuous first marriage in Zimbabwe.\"Her father, Keith Hudson, was a West Coast scenester in the 1960s.Perry's maternal aunt and uncle were screenwriter Eleanor Perry and director Frank Perry, through whom she is also related to Charles M. Schwab, the founder of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. Perry is of Portuguese and German ancestry on her mother's side. [PAR] Perry was incorporated into her parents' ministry; she sang in their church from ages 9 to 17. She grew up listening to gospel music and was not allowed to listen to what her mother called secular music. Perry attended Christian schools"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carrie - Stephen King Wiki - Wikia Carrie | Stephen King Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"Jesus watches from the wall, [PAR] But His face is cold as stone, [PAR] And if He loves me [PAR] As she tells me [PAR] Why do I feel so all alone?\" - Words of Carrie White (describing both the crucified Jesus statuette and her loneliness in her poem/journal. (Carrie 1974) [PAR] Carrie [PAR] \"Crash in her head with a rock, with a boulder. Crash in all their heads. Good. Good.\" - Carrie White fantasizing about getting revenge against the girls in the locker room. (Carrie 1974) [PAR] Carrie is an American epistolary novel and author Stephen King's first published novel, released on April 5, 1974, with an approximate first print-run of 30,000 copies.[1] Set in the then-future year of 1979, it revolves around the eponymous Carrietta N. \"Carrie\" White, a misfit and bullied high school girl who uses her newly discovered telekinetic powers to exact revenge on those who torment her, while in the process causing one of the worst local disasters in American history. King has commented that he finds the work to be \"raw\" and \"with a surprising power to hurt and horrify.\" It is one of the most frequently banned books in United States schools.[2] Much of the book is written in an epistolary structure, using newspaper clippings, magazine articles, letters, and excerpts from books to tell how Carrie destroyed the fictional town of Chamberlain, Maine while exacting revenge on her sadistic classmates. [PAR] Several adaptations of Carrie have been released, including a 1976 feature film, a 1988 Broadway musical, a 1999 feature film sequel, a 2002 television movie, and a 2013 feature film remake. [PAR] The book is dedicated to King's wife Tabitha: \"This is for Tabby, who got me into it \u2013 and then bailed me out of it.\" [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Telekinesis (Psychokinesis) [PAR] Carrie, was mysteriously born with extraordinarily strong and advanced telekinesis. Which gave her the psionic ability to move, manipulate, throw, and control things (a multitude of objects or people all at once) with her mind whenever she concentrated hard enough. Carrie refers to her telekinesis as \"flexing\". At first this seemed like a rare and special gift, a miracle in Carrie's eyes that she strictly kept to herself, not telling a soul. Despite Carrie's effort to keep it a secret, she subconsciously had one or two outbursts infront of few people who witnessed this phenomenon but chose to be in denial or simply ignore choosing to believe it simply didn't happen. Carrie thought her telekinesis was a blessing, but, in the end, it all turned into a curse as Carrie did not know how to control her powers inside. And Carrie finally let it take over her mind, body and spirit, which lead not only to her eventual demise but sadly many others also. In the book, Carrie was also telepathic and could sometimes read people's thoughts when they were near her, but had only been utilized once. Such as Ms. Desjardins, her Physical Education teacher, which were a mixed feeling of sympathy and disgust in all of her lying compassion. She also had the telepathic ability to let other people read her thoughts, specifically after the prank on the night of her prom, which people later said were of hatred, venom, and vengeance. [PAR] Months after the incident and town tragedy occurred, one witness stated that, when he saw Carrie White on the street, he could read her thoughts rather clearly. The thoughts of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ravi Shankar, Who Brought Sitar Music to the West, Dies ... Ravi Shankar, Who Brought Sitar Music to the West, Dies - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Music |Ravi Shankar, Sitarist Who Introduced Indian Music to the West, Dies at 92 [PAR] Search [PAR] Photo [PAR] George Harrison with Ravi Shankar in 1967. Credit Associated Press [PAR] Ravi Shankar , the sitar virtuoso and composer who died on Tuesday at 92, created a passion among Western audiences for the rhythmically vital, melodically flowing ragas of classical Indian music \u2014 a fascination that had expanded by the mid-1970s into a flourishing market for world music of all kinds. [PAR] In particular, his work with two young semi-apprentices in the 1960s \u2014 George Harrison of the Beatles and the composer Philip Glass, a founder of Minimalism \u2014 was profoundly influential on both popular and classical music. [PAR] And his interactions throughout his career with performers from various Asian and Western traditions \u2014 including the violinist Yehudi Menuhin, the flutist Jean-Pierre Rampal and the saxophonist and composer John Coltrane \u2014 created hybrids that opened listeners\u2019 ears to timbres, rhythms and tuning systems that were entirely new to them. [PAR] Mr. Shankar died in San Diego, at a hospital near his home. He had been treated for upper-respiratory and heart ailments in the last year and underwent heart-valve replacement surgery last Thursday, his family said. His final performance was a concert with his daughter, the virtuoso sitarist Anoushka Shankar, on Nov. 4 in Long Beach, Calif. He was also the father of the singer Norah Jones. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Mr. Shankar, a soft-spoken, eloquent man whose own virtuosity transcended musical languages, was trained in both Eastern and Western musical traditions. Although Western audiences were often mystified by the odd sounds and shapes of the instruments when he began touring in Europe and the United States in the early 1950s, Mr. Shankar and his ensemble gradually built a large following for Indian music. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] A Beatle Was Intrigued [PAR] Western interest in his instrument, the sitar, exploded in 1965 when Harrison encountered one on the set of \u201cHelp!,\u201d the Beatles\u2019 second film. Harrison was intrigued by the instrument, with its small rounded body, long neck and resonating gourd at the top, and its complexity: it has 6 or 7 melody strings and about twice as many sympathetic strings, which are not played but which resonate freely as the other strings are plucked. He soon learned its rudiments and used it that year on a Beatles recording, \u201cNorwegian Wood.\u201d [PAR] The Rolling Stones, the Animals, the Byrds and other rock groups followed suit, although few went as far as Harrison, who recorded several songs on Beatles albums with Indian musicians rather than with his band mates. By the summer of 1967 the sitar was in vogue. [PAR] At first Mr. Shankar reveled in the attention his connection with popular culture had brought him, and he performed for huge audiences at the Monterey International Pop Festival in 1967 and at Woodstock in 1969. He also performed, with the tabla virtuoso Alla Rakha and the sarod player Ali Akbar Khan , at an all-star concert at Madison Square Garden in 1971 that Harrison had organized to help Mr. Shankar raise money for victims of political upheaval in Bangladesh. [PAR] But his reach went much further. He composed for films (including the score for Richard Attenborough\u2019s \u201cGandhi\u201d in 1982), ballets, electronic works and concertos for sitar and Western orchestras. As"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bufonophobia\u2013 Fear of toads | Phobia Source Bufonophobia\u2013 Fear of toads | Phobia Source [PAR] Home \u00bb Phobia List [PAR] Bufonophobia\u2013 Fear of toads [PAR] Toads are amphibians that are slimy, slithery and some can be even dangerous. These creatures are different from frogs but most people can\u2019t tell the difference between them. Toads may have dry skin that feel leathery but most people with fear of toads also have fear of frogs because of their similarity. [PAR] Causes of this fear include the knowledge that some toads can be poisonous. Cane Toads for instance emit a poison that has killed a lot of people and animals. Thus some people might generalize that all toads are poisonous. The horny toad is also one reason for this phobia. Although this is actually a lizard, the horny toad looks frightening and some people get scared at even the mere thought or sight of it. [PAR] Another probable reason for bufunophobia is the association of toads with witchcraft and sorcery. Toads are usually used in potions, and people who have offended the witches have been said to be turned into toads thus this fear develops. [PAR] Patients with this fear might tremble when they see toads, or even frogs. They may exhibit other symptoms of anxiety and will run away from it. [PAR] Treatment includes psychotherapy. Medical treatment with anti-psychotics or antidepressants are not necessary.[DOC] [TLE] Fear Of Toads - Fear of Stuff Fear Of Toads - Fear of Stuff [PAR] Fear of Stuff [PAR] Comments [PAR] Toads can be slimy, slithery, and even poisonous: this type of amphibian comes in all shapes, color and sizes, and sometime the toad can be a source of consternation. When someone feels persistent and intense fear of toads, they are suffering from Bufonophobia. [PAR] All About The Fear Of Toads [PAR] Some people cannot tell the difference between frogs and toads: but the person with Bufonophobia will be very sensitive to the differences. Toads tend to have dryer skin, with a leathery feel, and they have a tendency to burrow. [PAR] People with this phobia may be afraid of frogs as well, because they closely resemble toads, but it\u2019s not a given. Specifically, they may be afraid of a type of toad (for example, a poisonous toad that can injure or kill a human being). [PAR] Toads Can Be Dangerous [PAR] In children\u2019s tales, Toad is a gentle creature, found in the idyllic world of The Wind In The Willows, along with other gentle beings, such as Badger and Mole. However, real-life toads are not so genteel. They have defense mechanisms and behaviors that make them dangerous to other creatures, and to people. [PAR] In mass media, toads are generally not depicted in a positive light, the way they are in The Wind In The Willows. They are, instead, associated with all manner of witchcraft, demonology, and ancient symbolism. The connection between toads and witches is a time-honored one, since lore dictates that toads are necessary for potions, as well becoming a witches\u2019 special \u201cpet\u201d or familiar. [PAR] [PAR] Films like Harry Potter take a humorous, more lighthearted look at spells and witchcraft, but, in the film series, there are still moments of suspense, when creatures become menacing. These moments capture some of the unease people felt about toads during the Middle Ages, before scientific knowledge erased, to a large degree, magical thinking and superstition. [PAR] Poison Toads Can Kill [PAR] Toads such as the Cane Toad deliver a potent dose of poison and they are carefully avoided by those who live in indigenous"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] LULU Biography Page LULU Biography Page [PAR] LULU - The Biography [PAR] Lulu was born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie, on November 3rd, 1948, the eldest of a family of four, in Lennox Castle, Lennoxtown, Glasgow - the daughter of a local butcher. She started singing almost immediately. [PAR] She made her first public appearance singing at the tender age of 4 at a Coronation Party - \"From then on, I used to go in for talent competitions on my own,\" she adds. At Whitehill School in Glasgow, she was always in trouble for singing during lessons. [PAR] At the age of 14, Lulu joined a local group - The Gleneagles - and started playing club engagements in and around Glasgow and Edinburgh. Each Sunday evening, the group with Lulu in tow as lead singer, played at The Lindella Club - a Glasgow discotheque, for a pound a night each. [PAR] On one particular cold Glaswegian evening at The Lindella, Lulu was discovered singing by Marion Massey, who later became her manager and mentor and who guided her to stardom. [PAR] Says Lulu: \"When I was fourteen, I was very lucky. I was discovered - to use a terrible term - by a person who was absolutely sincere. Since I was five, people had been coming up to me saying: 'Stick with me, baby, and I'll make you a star'. In fact, nobody ever did anything for me. Then Marion came along\". [PAR] And Marion takes up the story: [PAR] \"She (Lulu) looked so peculiar that first time I saw her. Her hair was in curlers underneath a fur beret. She had a terrible cold, was very pale and wore three jumpers. But I was very intrigued by her. It wasn't her singing; there was something tremendously magnetic about this girl. I knew she had the makings of a great star.\" She was right and set about proving it. [PAR] Marion Massey signed Lulu and her group to a management contract and took them to London to record. But first she decided the time was right to change her prot\u00e9g\u00e9e's name, and came up with the perfect answer: Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie became Lulu. The group's name changed, too, from The Gleneagles to The Luvvers. [PAR] In actual fact, Columbia (EMI) turned down Lulu and The Luvvers, the first record company they approached for a deal, but no matter. Within weeks, they were signed up by Decca and made their first single, 'Shout', a raw version of the old Isley Brothers US hit of 1959, which Lulu had enthused over when she heard Alex Harvey singing it several months before. Lulu's own handling of the song moved one eminent rock journalist to write: [PAR] \"It is still probably the best rock 'n' roll performance by a woman in the history of British pop.\" [PAR] When it was released in the spring of 1964, it became a smash hit and launched Lulu on the road to stardom. 'Shout' went on to take the British Singles Chart by storm and finally reached No.7. [PAR] What followed next, through 1964 and 1965, was an outstanding assault on the world's hit parades by the newly acclaimed singing star, with a succession of classic singles: 'Here Comes The Night', 'Leave A little Love' and 'Try To Understand' (all British Single Chart Hits). She consolidated her success with a string of top television and radio appearances, and concert engagements all over the country. It paid dividends, too. By the end of 1965, she was voted 'Britain's Most Promising Newcomer In Showbusiness' by the highly influential"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Single: Little Red Corvette - Prince Vault Single: Little Red Corvette - Prince Vault [PAR] Single: Little Red Corvette [PAR] Little Red Corvette (Dance Remix Edit) [PAR] (4:32) [PAR] USA: Billboard Dance/Disco Top 80 [PAR] 9 Apr. 1983 [PAR] This single has not received any certifications in the USA [PAR] Awards [PAR] This single has not received any awards in the USA [PAR] See also [PAR] Little Red Corvette [PAR] (sheet music) [PAR] Little Red Corvette was the second single to be released from Prince 's fifth album 1999 . It was released three and a half months after the album, and received a release around the world. It was re-released in late 1983 in the UK following Prince 's increased success. [PAR] The single reached number 6 on the US Billboard Hot 100 Chart, and number 15 on the Billboard Black Singles Chart. [PAR] Track listing[DOC] [TLE] Prince - Little Red Corvette at Discogs Prince - Little Red Corvette at Discogs [PAR] Little Red Corvette (LP Version) [PAR] 4:58 [PAR] Little Red Corvette (Dance Mix) [PAR] 8:00"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Port of Dover | Official Website of the Dover Harbour Board Port of Dover | Official Website of the Dover Harbour Board [PAR] Consultancy Service [PAR] Welcome to the Port of Dover [PAR] Originally established in 1606, the principal activities of the Dover Harbour Board (DHB) are to administer and maintain the Port of Dover and its facilities and to develop resources to meet future demands. [PAR] The Port of Dover is Europe\u2019s busiest ferry port, a vital international gateway for the movement of passengers and trade. It is also an award-winning cruise port, the second busiest in the UK and hosts some of the world\u2019s most prestigious cruise lines. Other successful businesses include a cargo terminal, a top award-winning marina and several niche activities. The business mix is diverse. [PAR] Who Are We? [PAR] 19th Jan 2017 [PAR] Record freight shows continuing importance of efficient UK-European trade flows [PAR] The Port of Dover has announced another record year of freight traffic as Rt Hon Theresa May MP took the first step to establishing the UK's future economic relationship with our biggest tra... [PAR] 17th Jan 2017 [PAR] Study for an amazing career with our help [PAR] Port of Dover bursary scheme... [PAR] 16th Jan 2017 [PAR] Invitation: Dover Western Docks Revival (DWDR) Presentation [PAR] The first stage of construction is now underway with the appointment of VSBW, a joint venture between VolkerStevin and Boskalis Westminster, to deliver the marine structures and bridge contract f... [PAR] 10th Jan 2017 [PAR] Port and academics map traffic to keep Dover and trade flowing [PAR] Port and University of Kent joint venture ...[DOC] [TLE] Dover, England | All Things Cruise Dover, England | All Things Cruise [PAR] View in Google Maps [PAR] Location: [PAR] On the southeastern coast of England, Dover is the second busiest cruise port in the UK and the eighth busiest North European cruise port, with more than 170,000 cruise passengers going through the port every year. [PAR] It is also the country\u2019s major port for ferry crossings to the European mainland so you can expect a lot of traffic coming and going into the port. Dover is approximately 70 miles from South London. There is a frequent national express coach service from London Victoria coach station. Approximate journey time is 2 hours, 30 minutes. Other buses arrive at the main bus station in Dover town Center. [PAR] Transportation: [PAR] If possible, use your cruise company\u2019s transportation link for London to Dover. Otherwise, it can be extremely expensive for taxi transportation. A one-way fare from Heathrow to Dover is about $250US. Gatwick airport is a 45-minute drive by car and Heathrow airport is about an hour and forty-five minutes from Dover. [PAR] Both airports have frequent trains to London for connections to Dover. [PAR] From London Gatwick to Dover Priory station, there are two options for travel by rail; both options involve at least one change. The first option is travel via Tonbridge; the journey time is approximately 2 hours. The second option is via London Bridge and the journey time is approximately 2-1/2 hours. Generally this service operates on an hourly basis. [PAR] From Heathrow, take the Heathrow Express to London Paddington Station. This service currently departs every 15 minutes and the trip takes 15 minutes. On arrival in Paddington, transfer to London Waterloo East by taxi; once there take a direct service train to Dover Priory Station. On arrival at Dover Priory you will need to take a taxi to Dover Cruise Terminal Two. The terminal is approximately five minutes from the station. [PAR] For London"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did You Know? - New Year's Eve - Hogmanay Did You Know? - New Year's Eve - Hogmanay [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] - New Year's Eve - Hogmanay [PAR] What does Hogmanay actually mean and what is the derivation of the name? Why do the Scots more than any other nation celebrate the New Year with such a passion? Why should a tall dark stranger be a welcome first foot visitor after midnight, carrying a lump of coal and a slice of black bun? [PAR] Read on \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd [PAR] The Origins of Hogmanay [PAR] A guid New Year to ane an` a` and mony may ye see! [PAR] While New Year's Eve is celebrated around the world, the Scots have a long rich heritage associated with this event - and have their own name for it, Hogmanay. [PAR] There are many theories about the derivation of the word \"Hogmanay\". The Scandinavian word for the feast preceding Yule was \"Hoggo-nott\" while the Flemish words (many have come into Scots) \"hoog min dag\" means \"great love day\". Hogmanay could also be traced back to the Anglo-Saxon, Haleg monath, Holy Month, or the Gaelic, oge maidne, new morning. But the most likely source seems to be the French. \"Homme est n\u00e9\" or \"Man is born\" while in France the last day of the year when gifts were exchanged was \"aguillaneuf\" while in Normandy presents given at that time were \"hoguignetes\". Take your pick! [PAR] In Scotland a similar practice to that in Normandy was recorded, rather disapprovingly, by the Church. [PAR] \"It is ordinary among some Plebians in the South of Scotland, to go about from door to door upon New Year`s Eve, crying Hagmane.\" [PAR] Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence, 1693. [PAR] Hogmanay Traditional Celebrations [PAR] Historians believe that we inherited the celebration from the Vikings who, coming from even further north than ourselves, paid even more attention to the passing of the shortest day. In Shetland, where the Viking influence was strongest, New Year is called Yules, from the Scandinavian word. [PAR] It may not be widely known but Christmas was not celebrated as a festival and virtually banned in Scotland for around 400 years, from the end of the 17th century to the 1950s. The reason for this has its roots in the Protestant Reformation when the Kirk portrayed Christmas as a Popish or Catholic feast and therefore had to be banned. Many Scots had to work over Christmas and their winter solstice holiday was therefore at New Year when family and friends gathered for a party and exchange presents, especially for the children, which came to be called hogmanay. [PAR] There are traditions before midnight such as cleaning the house on 31st December (including taking out the ashes from the fire in the days when coal fires were common). There is also the superstition to clear all your debts before \"the bells\" at midnight. [PAR] Immediately after midnight it is traditional to sing Robert Burns' \"For Auld Lang Syne\" . Burns claimed it was based on an earlier fragment and certainly the tune was in print over 80 years before he published his version in 1788. [PAR] \"Should auld acquaintance be forgot and never brought to mind? [PAR] Should auld acquaintance be forgot and auld lang syne [PAR] For auld lang syne, my dear, for auld lang syne, [PAR] We'll take a cup o kindness yet, for auld lang syne.\" [PAR] An integral part of the Hogmanay partying, which continues very much today, is to welcome friends and strangers, with warm hospitality to wish everyone a Guid New"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Starlight Express - Theatre Gold Starlight Express [PAR] Starlight Express [PAR] by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Richard Stilgoe [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Starlight Express is a rock musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music), Richard Stilgoe (lyrics) and Arlene Phillips (choreography), with later revisions by Don Black (lyrics) and David Yazbek (music and lyrics for the 2nd US tour). The story follows a child\u2019s dream in which his toy train set comes to life; famously the actors perform wearing roller skates. It is one of the longest running musicals in West End history with 7,461 performances, but the Broadway production only ran for 761 performances. It is the most popular musical show in Germany.[1] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Prologue [PAR] The plot features around a group of toy railway trains, portrayed by actors on roller-skates, who come to life inside the mind of a small boy. The characters race to become the \u2018fastest engine in the world\u2019, and in the end, the underdog, Rusty, triumphs, winning the race and the heart of a beautiful observation car, Pearl. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Act One [PAR] The musical opens with the disembodied voice of Control (whom we never see), who is playing with his toy trains, ordering all trains to racing mode. As Control falls asleep, still murmuring his instructions, the Overture gently picks up. The music crescendos with the cast emerging in the half-dark to skate around the track, almost comes to a climax but is rudely interrupted by the opening crashes of \u201cRolling Stock\u201d. Greaseball and his Gang of diesel thugs pour onto the stage to sing their own praises, namely that they are rolling stock and very fast. Greaseball dares anyone to challenge him in a race \u2013 \u201cthis is my back view, and it\u2019s all you\u2019ll see\u201d. [PAR] Rusty, the steam train relegated to the sidings, enters, singing that nobody can do it like a steam train. Greaseball and his Gang intimidate him then leave, leaving him to sing his defiant \u201cCall me Rusty\u201d as he brings on the Coaches, dreaming of racing in the championship races and winning. The lyrics play on the ambiguity of \u201cRusty\u201d being both an adjective and his name, with the theme of \u201ccall me Rusty if you like/call me rusty if you dare\u201d. [PAR] The Coaches question Rusty\u2019s ability to race \u2013 he isn\u2019t fast enough, he isn\u2019t strong enough. Rusty exits, leaving the Coaches to introduce themselves with the song \u201cA Lotta Locomotion\u201d. Ashley is a smoking car, who has tried to \u201ckick the habit\u201d but can\u2019t, Buffy the buffet car offers snacks that are \u201chot, and cheap, and quick\u201d, Dinah is a dining car who\u2019ll cook for you, and provide a willing ear for your problems. Pearl is the \u201cBrand new girl\u201d, who has agreed in the past to race with Rusty as his partner, but is now having reservations about his ability.. [PAR] The posturing Greaseball returns, with the 2nd and 3rd class Sleepers (Joule and Volta in quickchange costumes) in tow. Together with the coaches, they all sing \u201cPumping Iron\u201d, another tribute to diesel\u2019s, and Greaseball\u2019s, greatness. [PAR] Rusty brings on the freight train, which consists of the three boxcar Rockies, Flat Top, Dustin and C.B.. After bickering with the Coaches, they introduce themselves with the song \u201cFreight\u201d. [PAR] At the end of the number the national representatives of France (Bobo), Italy (Espresso), Germany (Weltschaft), Russia (Turnov), Japan (Hashamoto) and Great Britain (The City of Milton Keynes) arrive, and line up to take their partners for the first heat, but before they can do anything there is a surprise late"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Signs of the Zodiac - Paranormal Encyclopedia Zodiac Signs [PAR] Home > Astrology > Zodiac > Signs [PAR] Signs of the Zodiac [PAR] A number, 1-12, marks each sign's place in the zodiac and each sign is identified by both an image and a symbol as well as its constellation in the heavens. A person's star sign is determined by the location of the Sun in relation to the zodiac at the time of their birth. [PAR] The spring signs of Aries the ram, Taurus the bull, and Gemini the twins are the first group of the signs of the zodiac. [PAR] 1. Aries (March 21-April 19) [PAR] Image: the ram [PAR] Element: Fire [PAR] Aries begins on the vernal equinox, which marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. Aries is a small constellation that represents the ram that Jason and the Argonauts sought to capture for its Golden Fleece. Those born under the sign of Aries are called Arians13. [PAR] 2. Taurus (April 20\u2013May 20) [PAR] Image: the bull [PAR] Element: earth [PAR] Mythology recognizes Taurus as the white bull disguise that Zeus assumed when presenting himself to Europa 12. A person born under the sign of Taurus is called a Taurean13. [PAR] 3. Gemini (May 21\u2013June 21) [PAR] Image: the twins [PAR] Element: Air [PAR] Gemini represents the sons of Zeus, the twins Castor and Pollux, whose names are given to the constellation's two brightest stars. Those born under the sign of Gemini are called Geminians13. [PAR] The summer signs of the zodiac are Cancer the crab, Leo the lion, and Virgo the virgin. [PAR] 4. Cancer (June 22\u2013July 22) [PAR] Image: the crab [PAR] Element: water [PAR] Cancer begins on the summer solstice, the time of year when the sun reaches its northernmost point. The sign of Cancer represents the crab crushed under the foot of Hercules. Cancer is most noted for the globular star cluster of Praesepe, the Beehive cluster. Cancerians are also called \"moon children\"7. [PAR] 5. Leo, the lion (July 23\u2013August 22) [PAR] Image: the lion [PAR] Element: fire [PAR] Egyptian, Babylonian, Arab, and Greek mythology all represent this well-defined constellation as a lion. The western part of the constellation, a curved line known as the Sickle, represents the lion's head15. In Greek mythology, Leo is the Nemean lion slain by Hercules. The Nemean lion was invulnerable to all weapons until Hercules strangled it with his bare hands. Zeus put the lion in the sky as a constellation14. Those born under the sign of Leo are simply known as \"Leos\". [PAR] 6. Virgo (August 23\u2013September 22) [PAR] Image: the virgin [PAR] Element: the earth [PAR] Virgo, the last of the summer signs, is a large constellation, represented by a maiden who holds a sheaf of grain. Virgo is also identified with goddesses of fertility such as such as Ishtar or Persephone. Those born under the sign of Virgo are called Virgoans13. [PAR] The signs of autumn are Libra the balance, Scorpio the scorpion and Sagittarius the archer. [PAR] 7. Libra (September 23\u2013October 23) [PAR] Image: the balance or scales [PAR] Element: Air [PAR] Sometimes identified with Astraea, the Roman goddess of justice15, Libra brings balance as she marks the second equinox of the year, the autumnal equinox. Her image is either a woman holding a balance or the balanced scale alone. One born under the sign of Libra is called a Libran13. [PAR] 8. Scorpio (October 24\u2013November 21) [PAR] Image: the scorpion [PAR] Element: water [PAR] Scorpius is one of the most vivid constellations in the sky with the bright"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fractions - Math Fractions [PAR] Fractions [PAR] Fractions [PAR] Different fractions with the same value [PAR] Seeing a fraction as a piece of pie helps. Notice that the simple fraction $\\frac{1}{4}$ can be cut in smaller pieces without changing its value as part of the whole. [PAR] Factors help find the simplest form-cancellation [PAR] A fraction might have large numbers for both the numerator and denominator. See whether the fraction can be reduced to a simpler form. A calculator that handles fractions will automatically find and present them in their simplest form. If your calculator cannot handle fractions, you must know how to calculate them yourself. [PAR] Always Find the Factors in a Fraction [PAR] If the numerator and denominator both end in zeros, you can strike off the same number of zeros from each. If both are even, divide both by 2. [PAR] Sometimes the factors aren't so obvious. Here, for the fraction $\\frac{455}{462}$, is one way. After checking the factors of each, they both contain a 7. If 7 is a factor of both the numerator and denominator, divide both by 7. [PAR] Spotting the factors [PAR] Here are rules for spotting factors. If the last digit of a number divides by 2, then the whole number does. This rule can go further. If the last 2 digits divide by 4, the whole number does. If the last 3 digits divided by 8, the whole number does. That leads to a whole series of checks for powers of 2:4, 8, 16, 32, etc. A similar set works for powers of 5:25, 125, 625, 3125, etc. [PAR] Rules also exist for 3s and 9s. Add the digits together. If the sum of the digits divides by 3, the whole number does. If the sum of digits divides by 9, the whole number does. [PAR] The check for dividing by 11 is more complicated. Add alternate digits in two sets. If the sums are identical, differ by 11, or differ by a multiple of 11, the whole original number divides by 11. [PAR] Rules for finding factors [PAR] That covers finding simple numbers as factors: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, etc. If 2 and 3 both \"go,\" then 6 is a factor. No easy check exists for 7. [PAR] When finding factors, try primes - numbers that won't factorize into smaller numbers. [PAR] This table shows factors of numbers and identifies primes up to the number 20. We have to try each prime when looking for factors. Isn't there an easier way? [PAR] HOW FAR SHOULD YOU TRY FACTORS [PAR] How far to try [PAR] A useful principle can save you from wasting time when looking for factors. Remember the multiplication table-that line of squares down the diagonal? It goes far beyond the numbers in the table. Look at it this way: If a number does not have at least two factors, it must be prime. So, if it has any factors at all, at least one of them must be smaller than the nearest square. [PAR] Look at these two examples. The nearest square to 139 is 144. If 139 has any factors, at least one of them must be less than 12. After trying up to 11, none of them work, so 139 must be prime. [PAR] The square of 23 is larger than 493. Try squaring each number before you try it as a factor. 23 squared is 529. Try all the primes up to 23. When you reach 17, you will find that 17 divides into 483, 29 times. So, the factors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bart Simpson - Wikisimpsons, the Simpsons Wiki Bart Simpson - Wikisimpsons, the Simpsons Wiki [PAR] Bart Simpson [PAR] \"Don't have a cow man!\" [PAR] \u2015Bart's catchphrase [PAR] Artwork of Bart by Matt Groening [PAR] Character Information [PAR] Blond (yellow), naturally pale red [1] [PAR] Occupation: [PAR] v \u2022 d \u2022 e \u2022 h [PAR] Bartholomew JoJo [3] \"Bart\" Simpson (born April 1 [3] or February 23 [4] ), also known as El Barto and Bartman , is the mischievous, rebellious, misunderstood, and \"potentially dangerous\" eldest child of Homer and Marge Simpson , and the brother of Lisa and Maggie Simpson . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Bart's character folder in the Hall of Records on The Simpsons website. [PAR] Bart is a self-proclaimed underachiever who is constantly in detention. He is easily distracted (even, strangely enough, by algebraic equations). His penchant for shocking people began before he was born: Bart \"mooned\" Dr. Hibbert while he performed a sonogram on Marge, and moments after being born he set fire to Homer's tie. His blood type is the very rare Double O Negative (OO-); [5] only he and Mr. Burns are known to have it. [PAR] Bart's interests include Krusty the Clown (he is \"Krusty Buddy\" number 16302), skateboarding, reading comic books (especially Radioactive Man ), watching television (especially the Krusty the Clown Show and The Itchy & Scratchy Show ), terrorizing Lisa , playing video games, helping Lisa solve various problems (e.g. reuniting Krusty with his estranged Father ), and pulling off various pranks (such as mooning unsuspecting people and prank calling Moe at his tavern ). [PAR] Bart with his mother and sisters [PAR] Bart also sprays graffiti under the alias 'El Barto', and regularly frequents the Kwik-E-Mart (for bubblegum and Squishees ) and The Android's Dungeon . Bart hinted that his favorite movies are Jaws and the Star Wars trilogy. [6] His best friend is Milhouse Van Houten . [PAR] Bart is a polyglot and can speak several languages with varying degrees of fluency. Though he has not demonstrated the ability since his trip to France as an exchange student, he speaks near-perfect French. [7] He also learned Spanish in a matter of hours in preparation for the family's trip to Brazil . [8] Upon learning that Brazilians speak Portuguese and not Spanish, Homer orders his son to forget what he learned, prompting Bart to strike himself over the head until he forgot the language. Bart also speaks Japanese (which he also learned in a couple of hours in prison along with Homer, and is also shown speaking Japanese, [9] Cantonese and Latin. His advanced linguistic skills may be inherited from Homer, who also speaks advanced languages, including penguin. He was also shown to be a skilled drummer. [10] He was a player in the Mighty Pigs Peewee Hockey League Team. He is also quite capable of firing advanced firearms with a frighteningly immense amount of accuracy, as evidenced when, while at Military School as a result of a prank involving bullhorns, he was given a RGB6 Grenade Launcher by the firing range instructor due to his belief that Bart would have most likely known how to operate handguns, and managed to destroy four out of five targets before one of his shots missed and ended up hitting Principal Skinner's car just as he was about to unlock it, to which Bart implied that he deliberately missed the fifth target and was actually aiming for Skinner's car that time. [11] He later displayed a similar proficiency towards weapons when he managed to hijack a tank by stealing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek God Hermes, the God of the Trade and Messenger of ... Greek God Hermes, the God of the Trade and Messenger of the Gods [PAR] Parents: Hermes was the son of Zeus , the King of the Gods, and the mountain Nymph Maea, who was a daughter of the Titan Atlas . Hermes was born inside a cave on Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, southern Greece. [PAR] Famous Children: Hermaphroditus and the Satyr Pan . [PAR] Hermes, the God's Messenger and Conductor of Souls [PAR] Hermes was wearing wings on his sandals and therefore was the speediest of all Greek gods. Because of his speed, Hermes received the role of the messenger and conductor of souls to the Underworld. Hermes was the only Olympian god who was authorized to visit Heaven, Earth and also the Underworld and enjoyed this way popularity among all the Greek gods and spirits. [PAR] Hermes' special Relation to Zeus [PAR] Hermes was a messenger of all gods, but mostly he was known for performing duties for his father Zeus with great pleasure. Zeus appreciated Hermes' wits highly and always asked for Hermes' assistance throughout his decisions, especially when it came to cheating on his wife Hera . [PAR] Appearance of Hermes [PAR] Hermes was a young man, wearing traveling clothes, a flat hat known as \"petasus\" and winged sandals on his feet. Oftentimes he was also considered to have wings attached to his shoulders and hat. [PAR] Hermes usually held a winged staff with snakes wrapped around it in his hands in order to gain access everywhere. This staff helped Hermes to charm the gods or to wake up those who were tamed by the god of sleep. [PAR] Enagonios (\"guide of the athletics\") [PAR] Eriounios (\"luck bringer\")[DOC] [TLE] Hermes - Greek Mythology Hermes [PAR] Hermes [PAR] See More Hermes Pictures > [PAR] Hermes was the Greek god of commerce, son of Zeus and Maia. Quick acting and cunning, he was able to move swiftly between the world of man and the world of gods, acting as a messenger of the gods and the link between mortals and the Olympians . [PAR] He was the protector of travelers, thieves and athletes. He occassionally tricked the other gods for his own amusement or in an effort to protect humans. With the ability to move freely between worlds, he also served as the guide of the souls of the dead to the underworld and the afterlife. [PAR] When Hermes was born, he jumped out of his crib, stole Apollo 's cattle and then went back to his crib playing innocent. However, Apollo figured it out, grabbed Hermes and went to Zeus to complain. The father of gods simply laughed and didn't punish Hermes . To apologise, Hermes gave Apollo the lyre which he had just invented. Hermes appeared in many other myths ; in the Odyssey, Odysseus was instructed by the god to chew a magic herb with which he would be able to avoid Circe 's powers and not be transformed to animals like his companions; in the myth of Pandora , when the gods provided a trait to her, Hermes gave her the ability to lie and seduce with her words. [PAR] Hermes Is also called Mercury, Ermis."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football goal - definition of Football goal by The Free ... Football goal - definition of Football goal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Football goal - definition of Football goal by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Football+goal [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] goal line [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. Sports A line located at either end and typically running the width of a playing area, on which a goal is positioned. [PAR] 2. Football A line at either end of the playing field over which the ball must be carried or passed to a receiver to score a touchdown. [PAR] goal line [PAR] n [PAR] (Team Sports, other than specified) sport the line marking each end of the pitch, on which the goals stand [PAR] goal\u2032 line` [PAR] the line that bounds a goal, esp. the front line. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] goal line - a line marking each end of the playing field or pitch; where the goals stand [PAR] line - in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Yogi: We've earned our big day out; SCOTTISH CUP Hughes hails Caley heroes [PAR] Predominantly made up of fat, grease and paper, the blockage in the sewer underneath Mill Lane in the city centre was part of the 80 tonnes of rubbish that Welsh Water has removed from Cardiff's sewer system in the past year In recent years, such items as a minimotorbike, a football goal net, a pair of trousers, and a chair leg have been recovered from Wales' ageing sewer network, which is made up of more than 30,000km of piping - enough to stretch to Australia and back if laid end-to-end."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Maltron Letter Layout Advantage The Maltron Letter Layout Advantage [PAR] The Maltron Letter Layout Advantage [PAR] +44 (0)1785 785525 This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. [PAR] The Maltron Letter Layout [PAR] [PAR] You have probably noticed that many of our dual-hand keyboards are available with the Maltron letter layout as an alternative to QWERTY. The Maltron letter layout was developed by us as an alternative to the QWERTY layout, which was designed to slow down the typist to avoid jamming the mechanism on early typewriter keyboards. Consequently, the QWERTY letter layout that we all know (and love?!) is by design incredibly inefficient and forces unnecessary strain and movement of the hands and fingers. [PAR] The Dvorak keyboard layout goes some way towards addressing this issue and is certainly an improvement over QWERTY, [PAR] but the Maltron layout goes a big step further. [PAR] The Maltron letter layout is based on extensive frequency of use (fou) analysis, and places the most used letters and functions where the fingers and thumbs may easily and comfortably reach them. For anyone used to QWERTY (or Dvorak), the Maltron layout is a radical change, and will require some retraining. However, this can usually be achieved within just a few weeks. [PAR] A free Maltron layout training course is available under the Training section of this website. [PAR] You will wonder how you ever managed to type using QWERTY, but don't take our word for it; have a look at some testimonials under \"General Info\" on the main menu above. [PAR] Combined with the highly ergonomic shape of our 3D keyboards, you will have the ultimate in typing comfort. [PAR] You can read an in-depth paper on Maltron keyboard development here . [PAR] [PAR] 11 [PAR] Table 1: Maltron and Qwerty Comparison [PAR] The above table shows the great difference in number of words and length that result in the optimisation of the frequency of use for the Maltron keyboard layout over the traditional Qwerty keyboard layout. [PAR] The first four rows show substantially greater number of words possible from the Maltron letter layout. The last three rows show how few words can be made with the Maltron layout without the use of the home row or full width of the keyboard compared to the Qwerty layout. With the Qwerty layout the left hand has a greater loading than the right hand."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why is Chicago Called the \"Windy City\"? | Mental Floss Why is Chicago Called the \"Windy City\"? | Mental Floss [PAR] Why is Chicago Called the \"Windy City\"? [PAR] ThinkStock [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Travelers to Chicago may experience the wind gusts that come off Lake Michigan, get tossed around a bit and think, \u201cSo this is why it\u2019s called the Windy City.\u201d The nickname, which dates back to the late 1870s, is deceiving: Chicago is literally a windy city, but that\u2019s not what the phrase was intended to reference. [PAR] Talk to different people and you\u2019ll get different answers, but most fingers point to Charles A. Dana, once the editor of the New York Sun\u2014a paper published between 1833 and 1950\u2014who wrote an editorial that said Chicago was windy because of its full-of-hot-air politicians. The Chicago Tribune even published a column in 2004 , which they hold as the \u201cdefinitive article on the term,\u201d giving Dana credit. During the time of Dana\u2019s proclamation, Chicago and New York were competing to host the 1893 World\u2019s Columbian Exposition. The Tribune\u2019s column writes that the famous phrase comes from when Dana advocated against the \u201cnonsensical claims of that windy city. Its people could not hold a world\u2019s fair even if they won it.\u201d [PAR] The problem with using Dana as a source is that no one has ever been able to find this legendary editorial. Not even a date of publication. [PAR] According to Barry Popik , a New York City parking-ticket judge by day and a word sleuth by night, he has found the true origins of the phrase . He came across an entry in a May 9, 1876 Cincinnati Enquirer article with the headline, \u201cTHAT WINDY CITY. Some of the Freaks of the Last Chicago Tornado.\u201d Popik said the headline used innuendo to comment on the speakers who were full of wind and that there was a windstorm. This is the earliest found reference of Chicago being called the Windy City, predating Dana\u2019s use of the phrase by a little more than a decade. [PAR] Still, both the Tribune and the Chicago Public Library stand by the fact that Dana popularized the term, even if he didn\u2019t coin it.[DOC] [TLE] Chicago, Second City and Windy City Origins - Chicagology Chicago, Second City and Windy City Origins [PAR] Chicago, Second City and Windy City Origins [PAR] What does the word \u201cChicago\u201d mean? [PAR] The official origin is that \u201cChicago\u201d is the French version of the Miami-Illinois word shikaakwa (\u201cStinky Onion\u201d), named for the garlic plant (not onion) Allium tricoccum common along the Chicago River. [PAR] However there have been many theories over the years, and here are some of them: [PAR] Che-cau-gou \u2013 Indian tribe [PAR] Chicagoua \u2013 Miami and Illinois word for \u201cskunk\u201d [PAR] Chi-cago \u2013 Indian word for \u201cthunder\u201d [PAR] Chicagou \u2013 Jesuit mission and French army post at the site of Marquette`s 1675 camp along the south branch [PAR] Shecaugo \u2013 playful waters [PAR] Chief Chicagou, also known as Agapit Chicagou \u2013 Native American leader of the Mitchigamea [PAR] Windy City [PAR] Though Chicago is widely known as the \u201cWindy City\u201d, it is not the windiest city in the United States; while Brockton, Massachusetts actually is. An explanation for Chicago being a naturally breezy area is that it is on the shores of Lake Michigan. Chicago is not significantly windier than any other U.S. city. For example, the average annual wind speed of Chicago is: 10.3 mph; Boston: 12.4 mph; New York City, Central Park: 9.3 mph; and Los Angeles: 7.5 mph. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cat with 27 toes - YouTube Cat with 27 toes - YouTube [PAR] Cat with 27 toes [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 15, 2011 [PAR] Normal cats have a total of 18 toes, with five toes on each front paw and four toes on each hind paw; polydactyl cats may have as many as seven digits on their front and/or hind paws. Tiger, a Canadian polydactyl cat with 27 toes, was recognised by Guinness World Records as having the highest number of toes on a cat.[1] (However, unofficially, this title goes to Mooch, a 28-toed American polydactyl cat from the New England state of Maine. Mooch's owners, Bob & Becky Duval, have submitted evidence to the Guinness Book of Records.[2]) Various combinations of anywhere from four to seven toes per paw are common, and the number of toes on either the front or rear paws is typically the same. Polydactyly is most commonly found on the front paws only, it is rare for a cat to have polydactyl hind paws only, and polydactyly of all four paws is even less common. [PAR] The nickname \"double-pawed cat\" is a misnomer since there is a specific double paw condition, although this condition may be interrelated with polydactyly.[3] [PAR] Feline radial hypoplasia (see squitten) is a mimic of polydactyly and is considered a severe condition. Radial hypoplasia may cause the formation of extra jointed toes, but it is not a result of the Pd gene normally associated with polydactyls. It thus does not cause the \"mitten cat\" or \"thumb cat\" condition where the extra toes occur separated from the normal ones just like a dewclaw, usually associated with an additional pad which makes them look like an underdeveloped foot sticking out near the base of the normal toes. Rather, radial hypoplasia-related extra toes are immediately adjacent to the normal ones, giving the cat overly large, flat feet \u2014 colloquially known as \"patty feet\" or \"hamburger feet\". Though this looks less serious than true polydactyly (as the feet appear \"normal\" apart from having one or two extra toes), breeding such cats will eventually result in severely crippled offspring. Cats used in polydactyl breeding programs can be screened by x-ray for indicators of radial hypoplasia, and cats suspected to have radial hypoplasia should not be used for breeding. [PAR] This type of polydactyly is not life-threatening and usually not even debilitating to a cat. Some polydactyl kittens initially have more difficulty in learning to walk than normal animals; however in some cases polydactyly appears to improve the dexterity of the animal. For example, a common variation with six toes on the front paws, with two opposing digits on each (comparable in use to human thumbs), enables the cat to learn and perform feats of manual dexterity generally not observed in non-polydactyl cats, such as opening latches or catching objects with a single paw. [PAR] Cats usually \"file down\" their nails, thereby removing the outer layer. However, some of the claws of polydactyl cats are in awkward positions, so they are not able to trim them down by scratching. If proper trimming is not done, then these claws could grow into the cat's flesh and cause infection. [PAR] Harry has a fantastic life he lives with four other cats who all adore him"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] U-Shaped Kitchen With Island Home Design Ideas, Pictures ... U-Shaped Kitchen with an Island Design Ideas & Remodel Pictures | Houzz [PAR] Oakley Home Builders [PAR] 310K Saves | 242 Questions [PAR] This kitchen features Venetian Gold Granite Counter tops, White Linen glazed custom cabinetry on the parameter and Gunstock stain on the island, the vent hood and around the stove. The Flooring is American Walnut in varying sizes. There is a natural stacked stone on as the backsplash under the hood with a travertine subway tile acting as the backsplash under the cabinetry. T... More [PAR] L the cabinets for prep panty entry to square \u2014 Zach Morehead[DOC] [TLE] 41 Luxury U-Shaped Kitchen Designs & Layouts (Photos) Building Decks: The Ultimate Guide [PAR] 30 [PAR] Jul [PAR] 41 luxury u-shaped kitchen designs and layouts, many with an island. These beautiful U-shaped kitchen floor plans (photos) are varied and will inspire you. [PAR] Today we have gathered for your pleasure and inspiration a collection of U-shaped kitchen floor plans in a cornucopia of colors, textures, and styles. [PAR] These kitchens all share the basic shape \u2013 and many are U-shaped kitchen designs with islands anchoring their space \u2013 but beyond that, a world of possibility opens up. Once settled on a basic shape, every aspect of the room\u2019s design is up for grabs. [PAR] Countertops range from glossy black monoliths, to textured marble journeying a full spectrum of colors, to huge natural wood slabs. Cabinetry comes in painted white, natural wood tones, and the occasional jet black minimalism. [PAR] Check out an in-depth analysis of the featured kitchen design! [PAR] The textures are a whole other story, with cabinetry and paneling ranging from filigreed carved detail to flat modern slick. [PAR] Unifying themes come in the form of patterned color schemes or building materials, often framed and defined by lighting in myriad forms. [PAR] The selections here each display a unique bent to the idea of U-shaped kitchens. We hope they are each uniquely as inspiring for you as they are for us. [PAR] This kitchen sandwiches light natural wood texture between layers of white cabinetry, with large matching island over dark natural wood flooring. [PAR] Check out our in-depth review to find out more about the above kitchen design. [PAR] Traditionally ornate kitchen decked out in matching natural wood tones throughout cabinetry, flooring, and massive central island, contrasted with black countertops under slanted, exposed beam ceiling. Source: Zillow DigsTM [PAR] This bright white kitchen is lit by a constellation of embedded ceiling lighting, and features two large islands over natural hardwood flooring. [PAR] If you\u2019d like to know more about this dual-island kitchen, see our expansive review. [PAR] This U-shaped kitchen centers around a large dark wood island with classic marble countertop. Surrounding counters in black, with white cabinetry, add contrast. [PAR] White kitchen featuring large white island with attached blue segment, featuring large natural wood cutting board surface. Source: Zillow DigsTM [PAR] This large, open kitchen contrasts rich, dark wood flooring and dining set with light cabinetry and walls all around. Black island with marble countertop sits in background. [PAR] Ultra-modern kitchen sits off large open two-story space, featuring jet black cabinetry flowing into low-slung surface with built-in storage. Source: Reeva Design [PAR] Solidly U-shaped kitchen here awash in warm natural wood tones, from the floors through all cabinetry and island. Grey marble countertops and brushed aluminum appliances add contrast. [PAR] Thoroughly modern kitchen flush with glossy polished wood paneling from floor to arched ceiling, featuring brushed aluminum accent stripe and large island with marble countertop."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve McQueen - Biography - IMDb Steve McQueen - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Steve McQueen [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 183 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (6) | Trivia (112) | Personal Quotes (31) | Salary (24) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 7 November 1980 , Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, Mexico (heart attack following surgery for metastasized cancer stemming from mesothelioma) [PAR] Birth Name [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] He was the ultra-cool male film star of the 1960s, and rose from a troubled youth spent in reform schools to being the world's most popular actor. Over 25 years after his untimely death from mesothelioma in 1980, Steve McQueen is still considered hip and cool, and he endures as an icon of popular culture. [PAR] McQueen was born in Beech Grove, Indiana, to Julia Ann (Crawford) and William Terence McQueen, a stunt pilot. His first lead role was in the low-budget sci-fi film The Blob (1958), quickly followed by roles in The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery (1959) and Never So Few (1959). The young McQueen appeared as Vin, alongside Yul Brynner , in the star-laden The Magnificent Seven (1960) and effectively hijacked the lead from the bigger star by ensuring he was nearly always doing something in every shot he and Brynner were in together, such as adjusting his hat or gun belt. He next scored with audiences with two interesting performances, first in the World War II drama Hell Is for Heroes (1962) and then in The War Lover (1962). Riding a wave of popularity, McQueen delivered another crowd pleaser as Hilts, the Cooler King, in the knockout World War II P.O.W. film The Great Escape (1963), featuring his famous leap over the barbed wire on a motorcycle while being pursued by Nazi troops (in fact, however, the stunt was actually performed by his good friend, stunt rider Bud Ekins ). [PAR] McQueen next appeared in several films of mixed quality, including Soldier in the Rain (1963); Love with the Proper Stranger (1963) and Baby the Rain Must Fall (1965). However, they failed to really grab audience attention, but his role as Eric Stoner in The Cincinnati Kid (1965), alongside screen legend Edward G. Robinson and Karl Malden , had movie fans filling theaters again to see the ice-cool McQueen they loved. He was back in another western, Nevada Smith (1966), again with Malden, and then he gave what many consider to be his finest dramatic performance as loner US Navy sailor Jake Holman in the superb The Sand Pebbles (1966). McQueen was genuine hot property and next appeared with Faye Dunaway in the provocative crime drama The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), next in what many consider his signature role, that of a maverick, taciturn detective in the mega-hit Bullitt (1968), renowned for its famous chase sequence through San Francisco between McQueen's Ford Mustang and the killer's black Dodge Charger. [PAR] Interestingly, McQueen's next role was a total departure from the action genre, as he played Southerner Boon Hogganbeck in the family-oriented The Reivers (1969), based on the popular William Faulkner novel. Not surprisingly, the film didn't go over particularly well with audiences, even though it was an entertaining and well made production, and McQueen showed an interesting comedic side of his acting talents. He returned to more familiar territory in 1971, with the race film Le Mans (1971), a rather self-indulgent exercise, and its slow plot line contributed to its rather poor performance in theaters. It wasn't until many years later"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aurora Borealis: What Causes the Northern Lights & Where ... Aurora Borealis: What Causes the Northern Lights & Where to See Them [PAR] Aurora Borealis: What Causes the Northern Lights & Where to See Them [PAR] By SPACE.com Staff | [PAR] February 10, 2015 08:15pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Skywatcher Shawn Malone took this photo of the aurora March 15-16, 2012. She writes: \"[A]urora activity picking up casts a bright reflection off of Lake Superior, Marquette, MI.\" [PAR] Credit: Shawn Malone [PAR] The northern lights, or aurora borealis, offer an entrancing, dramatic, magical display that fascinates all who see it \u2014 but just what causes this dazzling natural phenomenon? [PAR] At the center of our solar system lies the sun, the yellow star that sustains life on our planet. The sun's many magnetic fields distort and twist as our parent star rotates on its axis. When these fields become knotted together, they burst and create so-called sunspots . Usually, these sunspots occur in pairs; the largest can be several times the size of Earth's diameter. [PAR] This image from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory shows the sun as it appeared in extreme ultraviolet wavelengths on March 5, 2012 just after a major solar flare. [PAR] Credit: NASA/SDO/AIA [PAR] At the center of the sun, the temperature is 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius). As the temperature on its surface rises and falls, the sun boils and bubbles. Particles escape from the star from the sunspot regions on the surface, hurtling particles of plasma, known as solar wind, into space. It takes these winds around 40 hours to reach Earth. When they do, they can cause the dramatic displays known as the aurora borealis. [Infographics: How the Northern Lights Work & Anatomy of Sun Storms & Solar Flares ] [PAR] Sunspots and cycles [PAR] The sunspots and solar storms that cause the most magnificent displays of the northern lights occur roughly every 11 years. The solar cycle peaked in 2013, but it was the weakest solar maximum in a century. [ Photos: Amazing Auroras of 2014 ] [PAR] \"This solar cycle continues to rank among the weakest on record,\" Ron Turner of Analytic Services, Inc. who serves as a Senior Science Advisor to NASA's Innovative Advanced Concepts program, said in a statement. [PAR] Since record-keeping of the ebb and flow of the sun's activity began in 1749, there have been 22 full cycles. Researchers monitor space weather events because they have the potential to affect spacecraft in orbit, knock out power grids and communications infrastructure on Earth, and amp up normal displays of the northern and southern lights. Scientists are also investigating how fluctuations in the sun's activity affect weather on our planet. [PAR] Particles and polar attraction [PAR] Earth is constantly bombarded with debris, radiation and other magnetic waves from space that could threaten the future of life as we know it. Most of the time, the planet's own magnetic field does an excellent job of deflecting these potentially harmful rays and particles, including those from the sun. [PAR] Particles discharged from the sun travel 93 million miles (around 150 million km) toward Earth before they are drawn irresistibly toward the magnetic north and south poles. As the particles pass through the Earth's magnetic shield , they mingle with atoms and molecules of oxygen, nitrogen and other elements that result in the dazzling display of lights in the sky. [PAR] An Expedition 30 crew member took this photo of the North Atlantic with an aurora on March 28, 2012. [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] The auroras in Earth's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rickets: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Rickets: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] Work indoors during the daylight hours [PAR] You may not get enough vitamin D from your diet if you: [PAR] Are lactose intolerant (have trouble digesting milk products) [PAR] Do not drink milk products [PAR] Follow a vegetarian diet [PAR] Infants who are breastfed only may develop vitamin D deficiency. Human breast milk does not supply the proper amount of vitamin D. This can be a particular problem for darker-skinned children in winter months (when there are lower levels of sunlight). [PAR] Not getting enough calcium and phosphorous in your diet can also lead to rickets. Rickets caused by a lack of these minerals in diet is rare in developed countries, because calcium and phosphorous are found in milk and green vegetables. [PAR] Your genes may increase your risk of rickets. Hereditary rickets is a form of the disease that is passed down through families. It occurs when the kidneys are unable to hold onto the mineral phosphate. Rickets may also be caused by kidney disorders that involve renal tubular acidosis . [PAR] Disorders that reduce the digestion or absorption of fats will make it more difficult for vitamin D to be absorbed into the body. [PAR] Occasionally, rickets may occur in children who have disorders of the liver, or who cannot convert vitamin D to its active form. [PAR] Rickets is rare in the United States. It is most likely to occur in children during periods of rapid growth, when the body needs high levels of calcium and phosphate. Rickets may be seen in children ages 6 to 24 months. It is uncommon in newborns. [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] Urine calcium [PAR] Treatment [PAR] The goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms and correct the cause of the condition. The cause must be treated to prevent the disease from returning. [PAR] Replacing calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D that is lacking will eliminate most symptoms of rickets. Dietary sources of vitamin D include fish, liver, and processed milk. Exposure to moderate amounts of sunlight is encouraged. If rickets is caused by a metabolic problem, a prescription for vitamin D supplements may be needed. [PAR] Positioning or bracing may be used to reduce or prevent deformities. Some skeletal deformities may require corrective surgery. [PAR] Outlook (Prognosis) [PAR] The disorder may be corrected by replacing vitamin D and minerals. Laboratory values and x-rays usually improve after about 1 week, although some cases may require large doses of minerals and vitamin D. [PAR] If rickets is not corrected while the child is still growing, skeletal deformities and short stature may be permanent. If it is corrected while the child is young, skeletal deformities often improve or disappear with time. [PAR] Possible Complications [PAR] Skeletal fractures, may occur without cause [PAR] When to Contact a Medical Professional [PAR] Call your child's health care provider if you notice symptoms of rickets. [PAR] Prevention [PAR] You can prevent rickets by making sure that your child gets enough calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in the diet. People who have gastrointestinal or other disorders may need to take supplements. Ask your child's health care provider. [PAR] Kidney (renal) causes of poor vitamin D absorption should be treated right away. People who have renal disorders should have their calcium and phosphorus levels monitored regularly. [PAR] Genetic counseling may help people who have a family history of inherited disorders that can cause rickets. [PAR] Alternative Names [PAR] Osteomalacia in children; Vitamin D deficiency; Renal rickets; Hepatic rickets [PAR] Images [PAR] X-ray [PAR] References [PAR] Greenbaum LA. Rickets and hypervitaminosis D."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Quito, Capital Of Ecuador - Maps of World Capital Of Ecuador, Ecuador Capital [PAR] Online Quiz [PAR] Quito, Capital Of Ecuador [PAR] The national Capital of Ecuador is Quito which was the first town to be discovered by the Spaniards in 1934. Quito has a rich cultural background and is known as the \"cultural heritage site\" of the world. [PAR] Geographical Location of Quito [PAR] The Capital of Ecuador is located in the south of Equator at an altitude of 285m. Quito lies on the northern part of Ecuador in the Guayllabamba basin which is situated in the eastern base of base of the Pichincha Volcano. Quito is an earthquake prone city, the reason being its geographical location. The whole of Quito is divided into three separate parts by mountains. [PAR] History of Quito [PAR] Being the Capital of Ecuador, Quito has passed through a rich history that really brings out the essence of this city. From the very early days of its existence, Quito has been an important \"centre of power\". It has been inhabited by a number of important races and tribes the most important among them being the Quitus. The very first rulers of Quito were the Incas. Quito was built from the leftover ruins of Inca capital. After Ecuador gains its official independence, Quito was announced to be the official Capital of Ecuador in 1832. [PAR] Quito, Capital of Ecuador is the second largest city of Ecuador and is also the second highest capital in the world.[DOC] [TLE] Ecuador Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols ... Ecuador Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Ethnicity: Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3% [PAR] GDP total: $155.8 billion (2012 est) [PAR] GDP per capita: $10,200 (2012 est) [PAR] Land Sizes [PAR] Language: Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua) [PAR] Largest Cities: (by population) Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Santa Domingo de los Colorados, Machala, Manta, Portoviejo, Duran, Ambato, Riobamba [PAR] Name: Ecuador takes its name from the Equator, which runs through the country. [PAR] National Day: August 10"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many players are in a field hockey team? | Reference.com How many players are in a field hockey team? | Reference.com [PAR] How many players are in a field hockey team? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] There are 16 players on a field hockey team. Eleven players take the field at a time with five substitutes on the sideline. The players on the field typically consist of 10 players and one goalie, though the goalie may be pulled in exchange for an extra attack player. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The players on the sideline may be used as substitutes for any of the players on the field at any time and any number of times, though the umpire does have the ability to stop the game for substitutions. Unlike many other sports, player positions in field hockey are not absolute. However, players are generally categorized as defense, midfield or attack.[DOC] [TLE] Field Hockey Rules & Regulations | iSport.com Field Hockey Rules & Regulations | iSport.com [PAR] Field Hockey Rules & Regulations [PAR] Field Hockey Rules & Regulations [PAR] There was a time when field hockey was a contact sport. As years passed and rules changed, however, field hockey started to evolve into the modern game is it is today and stick skills became the focal point. Physical contact fell out of the equation and the sport became much more technical. [PAR] For the purpose of adding excitement to the game, the International Hockey Federation has altered rules to make the game faster. Below is a simplified version of field hockey\u2019s rules that will help you become acclimated to the game. [PAR] Coin Toss [PAR] Field Hockey games begin with a coin toss by the umpire. The home team gets to choose whether it wants heads or tails. The team that wins the toss gets its choice of either possession of the ball at the start of the game or the side of the field it would like to defend. [PAR] Teams [PAR] Each team puts 11 players on the field at a time \u2014 ten regular players and one goalie. Five substitution players remain on the sideline. In rare circumstances, a team will choose to pull its goalie off the field in exchange for an extra field player. The players on the sideline can be used as substitutes for any of the players on the field at any given time. The number of substitutions made is up to the umpire. [PAR] Positions [PAR] Positions in field hockey are not absolute. Generally, though, teams arrange players into defense, midfield, and attack. Most teams choose to have a goalie, but a goalie is not required. Many teams include a single sweeper who acts as a last line of defense in front of the goalie. The minimum number of players needed for a game to be considered a regulation game is nine, including the goalie. Depending on the division and/or league, however, this number can vary. [PAR] To have goalkeeping privileges, a player must wear a helmet and a jersey that is a different color than that of her teammates. A full protected goalie cannot leave her side\u2019s defensive 25-yard line during play, unless the goalie is defending a penalty stroke. [PAR] Substitute goalkeepers \u2014 or \u201ckickers\u201d \u2014 do not wear the full goalie equipment; they only wear a helmet, different colored shirt, and sometimes goalie leg pads. Kickers are field players that play goalie only when their team does not have one, or if the team wants an additional player instead of a goalie. They can leave their"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] THE ACTORS ON TV AND STAGE: Worzel Gummidge THE ACTORS ON TV AND STAGE: Worzel Gummidge [PAR] THE ACTORS ON TV AND STAGE [PAR] Friday, 3 February 2012 [PAR] Worzel Gummidge [PAR] Worzel Gummidge is a British children's fictional character who originally appeared in a series of books by the novelist Barbara Euphan Todd. A walking, talking scarecrow, Gummidge has a set of interchangeable turnip, mangel worzel and swede heads, each of which suit a particular occasion or endow him with a specific skill. [PAR] The books were adapted for radio and television a number of times, most successfully with former Doctor Who actor Jon Pertwee taking the lead role in 1979 on ITV; originally produced in the UK, but later in New Zealand, where the character was extremely popular. The series was written by Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall, adapted from the original books by Barbara Euphan Todd. It was produced and directed by James Hill, and credit really ought to be given to Jon Pertwee, who apart from starring in it, was responsible for getting it off the ground in the first place. Worzel Gummidge was a scarecrow that could come to life. He befriended John and Susan, two children who often had to cover up after him. [PAR] Worzel Gummige Down Under! [PAR] Worzel Gummidge Down Under is a spin-off of the First four previous seasons. However this time it is set is New Zealand (Worzel describes it as Zew Nealand). [PAR] Aunt Sally is taken to New Zealand with the owner of a cultural museum in Piwakawaka, to be displayed there as an xample of British culture. Howver Worzel finds out and is determined to follow her there. Which he does. [PAR] Worzel Gummidge Down Under is considered to be not as sucessful as the first four season set in britain, but it is still regarded as a sucess on its own. It explores more of Worzels bravery and affections for \"his Intended Aunt Sally\". One of the episodes that stands out for most people is called \"Worzel to the rescue\" which uses Worzels fears to create a feel of unease for the aundience, which is quite a strong thing to do, considering that the program is aimed at children. It also contains scenes of \"living dead scarecrows\" who only exist to do the travelling scarecrow makers bidding. Which is why the DVD release class it as PG"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mary Pierce | Tennis Player Profile at Sports Pundit Mary Pierce | Tennis Player Profile at Sports Pundit [PAR] France [PAR] Mary Pierce is a former tennis professional player, who was born in January 15, 1975, in Montreal Canada. She plays on the Women\u2019s Tennis Association (WTA) tour. She also plays for the French team in competitions and in the Olympics. [PAR] It was during a trip to Montreal when Pierce was born, her mom is French while her dad is American. She grew up and was raised in the United States, they lived in Sarasota Florida. Thus, she is a citizen of France, Canada and the United States. [PAR] It was Pierce father, Jim Pierce who introduced her to tennis, at the age 10. Two years after, she won the U.S national 12-and under junior title. It was 1989, when she became the youngest American player to make her debut on the professional tour, she was only 14 years and 2 months. She gained quickly a reputation for being one of the all-time hardest hitters in the women\u2019s division. [PAR] Pierce has a record for winning four Grand slams two for both Singles and Doubles. She has actually reached six Grand Slam singles finals, at the US Open and the French Open both in \u201805. Her Grand Slam titles came at the 1995 Australian Open and the 2000 French Open. She also won the Wimbledon mixed doubles championship, making her reach three Grand Slam doubles finals. She has won a total of 18 WTA singles titles and 10 WTA doubles titles. She has also reached twice, the final of the season ending WTA Tour Championship\u2019s, that year being 2005. [PAR] Improve this page! [PAR] Latest edit made by Maree Cartujano [PAR] Share this page: [PAR] Log in or sign up to post a comment [PAR] Reply to[DOC] [TLE] French Tennis Player - Mary Pierce - bonjourlafrance Mary Pierce, French tennis player [PAR] French Tennis Player - Mary Pierce [PAR] French Tennis Player [PAR] Mary Pierce in tennis action [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Mary Pierce [PAR] Mary Pierce (born January 15, 1975, in Montreal, Canada) is a professional tennis player. She has appeared in six Grand Slam singles finals during her career \u00e2\u20ac\u201c winning two of them \u00e2\u20ac\u201c and also claimed two Grand Slam doubles titles. [PAR] Pierce was born in Montreal while her French mother and American father were on a trip to the city, but she has never lived in Canada. [PAR] She was raised in the United States and lives in Bradenton, Florida, but also has French citizenship and has represented France in international tennis competitions, apparently due to her disappointment with the American Federation of Tennis in its preferential treatment and sponsoring of Jennifer Capriati as an up and coming youth player. [PAR] Pierce was introduced to tennis at the age of 10 by her father Jim Pierce. Just two years later, she won the US national 12-and-under junior title. In 1989, she became the youngest American player to make her debut on the professional tour, aged 14 years and 2 months. (This record was broken the following year by Jennifer Capriati.) [PAR] During her first few years on the tour, Pierce was known more for the behaviour of her father than her performances on court. Jim Pierce, who also coached Mary, often shouted abuse at her opponents during matches. [PAR] On one occasion when he was sitting in the stands, he famously screamed: \"Mary, kill the bitch!\" He was also reportedly often verbally and physically abusive to Mary during practice sessions and after defeats."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"They Actually Eat That:\" Ortolan. - myths-made-real ... And I Think to Myself...What A Wonderful World.: \"They Actually Eat That:\" Ortolan. [PAR] You do not have to escape to a fantasy realm. This world is plenty fantastic. Go outside and be inspired. \u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u3002\u3002\u3002\u5996\u7cbe\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u4fe1\u3058\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 [PAR] There was an error in this gadget [PAR] Wednesday, December 29, 2010 [PAR] \"They Actually Eat That:\" Ortolan. [PAR] The French have some really weird cuisine. Most of it tastes good (y'know, unlike 'cuisine' in America, which is a death sentence if one can taste trans fats), but really, some of the things that France considers cuisine -as well as how said things are prepared- are enough to keep people off of meat and/or join PETA. [PAR] Ortolan's name does not immediately clue one in on what it is. That is, of course, unless one is French; the word \"ortolan,\" deriving from the Latin word for \"garden\" (\"hortus,\" see \"horticulture\") can refer to many species of bunting, a type of songbird similar to (but distinct from) finches. The particular species used for Ortolan is Emberiza hortulana, simply called the \"Ortolan\" or \"Ortolan Bunting.\" [PAR] They Actually Eat That?! [PAR] Take off an Ortolan's feathers and you get this: [PAR] Or, rather, catch the wild bird in a net, fatten it up overnight, then drown it in brandy and bake it for 5 minutes. Add a potato. Then you get that. The taste is often described as being a little gamey, like quail, but with bones and blood to go along with it. Ortolan is so good that the bird that is killed for it is protected by law due to overhunting and cannot be legally sold anywhere in Europe. [PAR] What? You think I'm just an American raging at Ortolan because it's different? Even the BBC - the British Broadcasting Company - had a complaint with this one. Argue all you like that it's just because they're British, too; part of the ritual of eating Ortolan involves covering one's face with a napkin to hide one's disgrace from God (among other explanations, including \"nobody wants to see you eat a songbird\"). You can't say that a dish is sane when God disapproves. [PAR] I can't see what you're doing beneath that napkin! [PAR] This is the first time that one of my reviewed dishes has been considered unholy. Illegal, sure; cruel, yes (factory farming is a LOT worse than Ortolan, as are lobster and ikizukuri); possibly an invention of Satan? That's a first. You don't have to be religious to agree with this one. [PAR] Posted by[DOC] [TLE] ortolan - definition and meaning - Wordnik.com ortolan - definition and meaning [PAR] ortolan [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] n. A small brownish Old World bunting (Emberiza hortulana) eaten as a delicacy. [PAR] n. Any of several New World birds, such as the bobolink and the sora. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] n. A small European migratory bunting, Emberiza hortulana, once eaten whole as a delicacy. [PAR] n. Any of various similar birds, especially the bobolink, sora, or snow bunting. [PAR] from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] n. A European singing bird (Emberiza hortulana), about the size of the lark, with black wings. It is esteemed delicious food when fattened. Called also bunting. [PAR] n. In England, the wheatear (Saxicola \u0153nanthe). [PAR] n. In America, the sora, or Carolina rail (Porzana Carolina). See sora. [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] n. A gardener. [PAR] n. The garden-bunting,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Lives Of Harry Lime - Digital Deli Radio Log The Definitive The Lives of Harry Lime Radio Log with Orson Welles, Anton Karas, Graham Greene and Harry Alan Towers [PAR] Home >> D D Too Home >> Radio Logs >> The Lives of Harry Lime [PAR] Lives of Harry Lime mp3 cover art [PAR] Carol Reed and Orson Welles confer on location in Vienna over a key scene from Reed's The Third Man from 1949 (the photo credit says April 1950 which would be impossible since it premiered during Sept. 1949). [PAR] Carol Reed's 1949 project, The Third Man: [PAR] was adapted from a Graham Greene story of the same name [PAR] spun off a wildly successful sound-track (it went 'Gold' in 3 months) [PAR] spun off a Film sequel starring Joseph Cotten [PAR] spun off a successful Radio program starring Orson Welles [PAR] spun off a successful 5-season Television program starring Michael Rennie as Harry Lime. [PAR] Key Laundry Soap's The Lives of Harry Lime Spot Ad from Sep 22 1952 [PAR] The Lives of Harry Lime first aired complete over 'pirate' Radio station Radio Luxembourg circa 1950 [PAR] Mutual Broadcasting System aired twenty-six of The Lives of Harry Lime [PAR] Canada's CBC aired all fifty-two installments of The Lives of Harry Lime over two overlapping seasons [PAR] The classic Third Man 'reveal' shot from the 1949 Film [PAR] Orson Welles in a deservedly avuncular mood following the runaway success of The Third Man 1950 [PAR] Background: Golden Age Radio's First 'Pre-quel' [PAR] Graham Greene's The Third Man was a fascinating study of post-World War II Vienna. Tracing the wake of the ebbs and flows of intrigue that coursed through the great city for well into The Cold War Years made for a very compelling yarn, though perhaps not Vienna's finest public relations moment. Alexander Korda optioned The Third Man for his studios and the project got the green light from David O. Selznick in 1948, at about the time that Orson Welles was enjoying one of several self-imposed exiles in Great Britain. [PAR] Released in September 1949, the film achieved both critical and popular acclaim, in spite of Orson Welles reputation as 'box-office poison' at that point in his career. Welles was already working on two other projects with British programming entrepreneur Harry Alan Towers, and the extraordinary success of The Third Man, The Third Man Theme and talk of a film sequel seemed to all point in the direction of a promising Radio version of The Third Man. But where to begin? The character Harry Lime was killed off in The Third Man. [PAR] Orson Welles' brilliant solution was to create an entire series of 'pre-quels' to The Third Man, all inevitably, inexorably leading up to Lime's ultimate fate in the sewers of Vienna. The film had already hinted at the apparent nine lives of the Harry Lime character, so it wasn't much of a stretch to extend that store of lives to fifty-one. [PAR] But how to make Harry Lime attractive enough to sustain 52 installments . . . Let's face it, Harry Lime was a slimeball. So in yet another inspired notion, Welles decided to go with Lime's disreputable character and play to it. Harry Lime becomes one of Radio's first successful anti-heroes. This was by no means a new direction for Welles himself. He loved writing for, directing and performing as an anti-hero. And had often done so already. But those were more subtle, more intellectual antiheroes. This would be a modern day antihero. A man with apparently no discernable socially"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Smokey and the Bandit (1977) - Plot Summary - IMDb Smokey and the Bandit (1977) - Plot Summary - IMDb [PAR] Smokey and the Bandit (1977) [PAR] Plot Summary [PAR] Showing all 3 plot summaries [PAR] Bandit and Cledus are two truck-driving southerners who accept a dare from big-shots Big and Little Enos to pick up a truckload of beer from Texas and return it to them within a specified amount of time. Picking it up is simple enough, but as they are leaving Texas, Bandit unwittingly picks up Carrie, a hitchhiking bride-to-be who just left her groom, Junior, at the altar. Junior, however, is the son of Sheriff Buford T. Justice. And when Buford and Junior discover what has happened, they go on a \"high-speed pursuit\" across the Southeast to catch the bandit. [PAR] - Written by <jgp3553@excite.com> [PAR] In the summer of 1976 \"Big Enos\" Burdette, a flamboyant Texan aspiring to political office in Georgia, needs a vast quantity of beer for a rally, but the brand of beer he wants is Coors which at this time cannot be legally transported across the Mississippi, and at least one attempted shipment has already been intercepted by police. To get this job done, Burdette recruits modern day moonshiner Bo Darville, nicknamed Bandit for his previous exploits, for a hefty six-figure payment. Darville in turn recruits his pal Cledus Snow and his eighteen-wheeler for the job, entailing driving from Georgia to Texas, picking up 400 crates of Coors beer, and returning to Georgia, all in a span of twenty-eight hours. To draw off the heat of snooping state police, Darville will drive interference for Cledus in a hot Pontiac Trans-Am, the two of them maintaining contact via citizen's-band radios and the seemingly bizarre lingo used within. The trip to Texas and loading of beer goes without interruption, but the trip back to Georgia begins to pick up complications when Darville is stopped by a runaway bride, Carrie, who is fleeing a forced marriage to the son of a full-of-himself Texas county sheriff, Buford T. Justice. Sheriff Justice's pursuit of his prospective daughter-in-law soon becomes an interstate high-speed pursuit involving police from four states and also the intervention of varied interstate truckers aiding Darville and Cledus as they close on Enos Burdette's Georgia bash. [PAR] - Written by Michael Daly [PAR] The Bandit is hired on to run a tractor trailer full of beer over county lines in hot pursuit by a pesky sheriff."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden - The Robinson Library Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden [PAR] Carl XVI Gustaf [PAR] King of Sweden, 1973-present [PAR] Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus was born at Haga Palace in Solna on April 30, 1946, the only son of then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha; he has four older sisters -- Margaretha, Birgitta, D\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsir\u00ef\u00bf\u00bde, and Christina. His father died in a plane crash in Copenhagen in 1947. [PAR] Crown Prince [PAR] King Gustav V, Carl Gustaf's great-grandfather, died on October 29, 1950, and was succeeded by Gustaf V Adolf, Carl Gustaf's grandfather. As the oldest male direct descendant of Gustaf V Adolf, Carl Gustaf thus became Crown Prince of Sweden, at the age of four. [PAR] Crown Prince Carl Gustaf was taught privately at the Royal Palace in Stockhom during his pre-school years, and then, beginning in the autumn of 1952, was educated at the Broms School and then the Sigtuna Boarding School. He graduated from the upper secondary level in 1966, after which he underwent two-and-a-half years of training in the Swedish Army, Navy, and Air Force, with special emphasis on naval training. He passed his Naval Officer Examination in 1968, after which he completed a command course at the Swedish National Defence College. By the end of his military training and service, he had reached the ranks of Captain in the Army, Lieutenant in the Navy, and Captain in the Air Force. In 1968, Carl Gustaf embarked on an intensive one-year course of studies at the University of Uppsala. This was followed by a specially-designed program of field trips to government institutions, industries and factories, laboratories, and schools, with special emphasis on the work of the Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament) and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. During this period he also participated in the work of the Permanent Swedish Mission to the United Nations and worked with the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency in Africa. As Crown Prince, he also represented his grandfather at a number of official functions around the world. [PAR] Marriage [PAR] Crown Prince Carl Gustaf met Silvia Renate Sommerlath during the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, where she was working as an interpreter and hostess. Their engagement was officially announced on March 12, 1976 (almost three years after he had become king), and they were married at Stockholm Cathedral on June 19, 1976. The couple has since had three children -- Crown Princess Victoria (born July 14, 1977), Prince Carl Philip (born May 13, 1979), and Princess Madeine (born June 10, 1982). [PAR] King [PAR] Crown Prince Carl Gustaf became King Carl XVI Gustaf upon the death of Gustaf VI Adolf on September 15, 1973. Since he has no government authority, the king spends much of his time engaged in various personal pursuits, especially organizations concerned with nature and the environment. He personally instituted the King Carl Gustaf Environmental Competition and the Royal Colloquium, an international environmental symposium held in Sweden with participants from all over the world, and has served as chairman of the Swedish branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) since 1988.[DOC] [TLE] Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden - Countries of the world Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden - Countries of the world [PAR] Countries of the world [PAR] Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden [PAR] Carl XVI Gustaf is the reigning King of Sweden. [PAR] Tagged facts collected from text on this page [PAR] Tagged facts about this page [PAR] Head of State [PAR] Carl XVI Gustaf (full name: Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus[needs IPA], born 30 April"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volleyball Court Dimensions & Measurements Volleyball Court Dimensions & Measurements [PAR] Bowling [PAR] Volleyball Court Dimensions & Measurements [PAR] Volleyball court dimensions and measurements are pretty easy to remember. In fact, the most complicated part of the court is actually the volleyball net. But we've got that covered, too! Check out the diagram below or view our Quick Facts About Volleyball Court Measurements . [PAR] Volleyball Court Details [PAR] Quick Facts About Volleyball Court Measurements [PAR] Q: How tall are the poles that hold the volleyball net? [PAR] A: They are 8 feet 4 inches. Please see the dimensions above for how high the net should be off the ground. [PAR] Q: What are the dimensions of a volleyball net? [PAR] A: A net is typically 39 inches tall. It is 32 feet long, which provides one foot of netting on each side of the court. [PAR] Q: What is the dimensions of a volleyball court? [PAR] A: 60 feet long by 30 feet wide. These measurements are to the outside of the court's lines. [PAR] Q: How tall is the volleyball net? [PAR] A: 7 feet 11 5/8 inches for men's competition and 7 feet 4 1/8 inches for women's competition. [PAR] Q: How far is the pole from the sideline? [PAR] A: Three feet. [PAR] Q: How wide should the lines be? [PAR] A: Two inches, except the center line is four inches. [PAR] A History of Volleyball [PAR] Whether it is being played on a sandy beach or inside a spacious gymnasium, volleyball is a thrilling sport to watch and tons of fun to play. Few individual scoring plays in sports are as exciting as a spike in a volleyball match, but the sport also contains a team element that is crucial on both offense and defense. [PAR] While beach volleyball is immensely popular today as both as a pastime and a professional sport, volleyball was originally designed as an indoor sport by William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director in Holyoke, Massachusetts, in 1895. In its original form, volleyball could be played by any number of players and incorporated characteristics from tennis and handball. Morgan originally called the game Mintonette. Matches consisted of nine innings, with three serves for each team in each inning and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents' court. After its first exhibition match was held at the International YMCA Training School in 1896, Mintonette became known as \u201cvolley ball\u201d and spread around the country to other YMCAs. [PAR] The first country outside of the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900. Much of volleyball's international growth came in 1919, when 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by American Expeditionary Forces and their allies to people all over the world. Team volleyball was established, with the number of players on each team limited to six. Beach volleyball is played with only two players on each team. The winning score of a game was changed in 1917 from 21 to 15 points. [PAR] Since appearing as an American demonstration event at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, volleyball has provided more than its fair share of thrilling Olympic moments. American players such as Karch Kiraly, Steve Timmons, Kerri Walsh-Jennings, and Misty May-Treanor have helped elevate the sport of beach volleyball through their Olympic success, while the team sport has seen several countries take home gold medals over the years. According to some fan estimates, volleyball is the fifth-most popular sport in the world. Simplicity and flexibility continue to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] the citadel_novel - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com the citadel_novel - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] Citadel offers cash back rewards credit cards, low interest car loans, mortgages, home equity loans, secure online banking, and high yield CD rates along with ... [PAR] https://www.citadelbanking.com [PAR] Only in Los Angeles can you drive to an Assyrian palace to buy blue jeans and leather goods The Citadel Outlets, Los Angeles only outlet center [PAR] www.citadeloutlets.com [PAR] Powerful and flexible Citadel is easy, versatile, and powerful, thanks to its exclusive \"rooms\" based architecture. No other platform seamlessly combines so many ... [PAR] www.citadel.org[DOC] [TLE] About: The Citadel (novel) - DBpedia About: The Citadel (novel) [PAR] About: The Citadel (novel) [PAR] An Entity of Type : written work , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] The Citadel is a novel by A. J. Cronin, first published in 1937, which was groundbreaking with its treatment of the contentious theme of medical ethics. It has been credited with laying the foundation in Great Britain for the introduction of the NHS a decade later. In the United States, it won the National Book Award for 1937 novels, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association. [PAR] Property [PAR] abstract [PAR] La cittadella (The Citadel) \u00e8 un romanzo di Archibald Joseph Cronin, pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1937 (in Gran Bretagna da Victor Gollancz Ltd., luglio, e negli USA da Little, Brown & Co., settembre). Per questo romanzo Cronin si \u00e8 basato sulla sua esperienza di medico in una valle industriale del Galles del sud. Il romanzo \u00e8 stato adattato per il cinema nel 1938 da King Vidor e svariate volte per la televisione, tra le quali con lo sceneggiato italiano del 1964 con Alberto Lupo. [PAR] (it) [PAR] La Citadelle (The Citadel) est un roman de A. J. Cronin publi\u00e9 en juin 1937 au Royaume-Uni, puis en septembre 1937 aux \u00c9tats-Unis. D\u00e8s sa publication, le roman obtient un v\u00e9ritable succ\u00e8s et se vend \u00e0 plus de 500 000 exemplaires en deux ans. Il est traduit en 24 langues et conna\u00eet des adaptations au cin\u00e9ma, \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision et \u00e0 la radio. Traduit en fran\u00e7ais par Maurice R\u00e9mon, le roman est publi\u00e9 d\u00e8s 1938 par Albin Michel. [PAR] (fr) [PAR] The Citadel is a novel by A. J. Cronin, first published in 1937, which was groundbreaking with its treatment of the contentious theme of medical ethics. It has been credited with laying the foundation in Great Britain for the introduction of the NHS a decade later. In the United States, it won the National Book Award for 1937 novels, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association. For his fifth book, Dr. Cronin drew on his experiences practising medicine in the coal mining communities of the South Wales Valleys, as he had for The Stars Look Down two years earlier. Specifically, he had researched and reported on the correlation between coal dust inhalation and lung disease in the town of Tredegar. He had also worked as a doctor for the Tredegar Medical Aid Society at the Cottage Hospital, which served as the model for the National Health Service. Cronin once stated in an interview, \"I have written in The Citadel all I feel about the medical profession, its injustices, its hide-bound unscientific stubbornness, its humbug ... The horrors and inequities detailed in the story I have personally witnessed. This is not an attack against individuals, but against a system.\" The novel was made into a 1938 film with Robert Donat, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Richardson and Rex Harrison, and television versions include one American (1960),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bristol Temple Meads ( BRI ) - National Rail National Rail Enquiries - Station facilities for Bristol Temple Meads [PAR] Impaired mobility set down / pick up points available [PAR] Yes [PAR] Set- Down / Pick up Points are available at the station entrance. Assisted travel meeting point located at the customer information office - Platform 3. Please notify a member of staff. [PAR] Airport [PAR] Bristol International Airport 'Flyer 330 & 331' luxury coach service runs daily every 20 -30 minutes, from Bristol Temple Meads station forecourt, direct to the airport in around 25 minutes. Through-ticketing from National Rail stations to Bristol Airport is available - ask for a \"\"BRISTOL AIR BUS\"\" ticket (destination code H712).For 'Flyer' details visit: http://flyer .bristolairport.co.uk/ [PAR] Ticket buying and collection"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Liberian - Language Information & Resources - ALSINTL Liberian - Language Information & Resources [PAR] Home \u00bb Resources \u00bb Languages \u00bb Liberian [PAR] Liberian [PAR] The Liberian language has a unique history that dates back to the early 19th century, when the Republic of Liberia was founded by freed African-American slaves. Throughout the 1800s, Liberia served as the destination of resettlement for freed slaves, who brought the English language to their new homeland. The Liberian language soon evolved, developing distinct differences from Standard English thanks to the West African and French linguistic influences it came into contact with in Liberia. [PAR] Since Liberia\u2019s official founding in 1824, English has maintained its status as the most prominent language in the country. English serves as the official Liberian language, and an estimated 3 million people speak the form of pidgin English known as Liberian Kreyol language or Liberian Pidgin English. [PAR] The Founding of Liberia: Resettlement of Freed American Slaves [PAR] In 1816 the American Colonization Society, an organization designed to aid in the resettlement of freed African-American slaves, was established. The organization initially attempted to resettle freed American slaves in Sierra Leone; however, this endeavor proved unsuccessful. Six years later, native African rulers gave US representatives an area of land along the Cape of Mesurado. This area would become Liberia. [PAR] The freed African-American slaves who migrated to Liberia from the United States are largely credited with the founding of Liberia. Known as Americo-Liberians, the history of this group and the role they played in the early history of the country are intriguing. [PAR] Development of Liberian Pidgin English (Liberian Kreyol) [PAR] The unique form of English spoken in Liberia, known as Liberian Pidgin English or Liberian Kreyol language, was developed among the population of Americo-Liberians, the freed slaves who migrated to Liberia from the United States in the 19th century. [PAR] Based primarily on the English language that these freed slaves spoke in the United States, Liberian Kreyol evolved from standard English as it adopted words from the French and nearby West African languages. Although English is the country\u2019s official language and the Americo-Liberians have controlled Liberia\u2019s government for the majority of the country\u2019s history, only about one-fifth of Liberia\u2019s residents claim Liberian Kreyol language as their native tongue. [PAR] Early History of Liberia [PAR] The first Americo-Liberians to settle the new land are thought to have arrived in the early 1820s. In 1824, the US agent for the newly founded society, Ralph Randolph Gurley, christened the new colony \u201cLiberia.\u201d Gurley also labeled the settlement concentrated at Cape Mesurado \u201cMonrovia\u201d \u2013 today, the capital of Liberia. [PAR] In 1931, Liberia was rocked by scandal when the League of Nations reported that Americo-Liberian migrants were using the native African populations of the area for forced labor \u2013 essentially enslaving them. The scandal that ensued prompted the Liberian government to rid the country of all forced-labor practices. Although forced labor was successfully abolished by 1936, the native Africans residing in Liberia were still seen as second-class. For example, they were not given voting rights. [PAR] Liberia as an Independent Republic [PAR] The majority of Americo-Liberians arrived before 1865, after which point the waves of migration became increasingly intermittent. Due to conflict between the new colony and the United States, the Americo-Liberian colonists were soon awarded almost complete control of the government. [PAR] In 1847, Liberia became a fully independent republic. A Liberian constitution, modeled on that of the United States, was established the same year and Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a black man, became the newly independent country\u2019s first official president."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Black Panther Party History: Huey Newton, Bobby Seale ... Black Panther Party History: Huey Newton, Bobby Seale Founded Black Panther Party On This Day In 1966 | News One [PAR] Huey Newton, Bobby Seale Founded Black Panther Party On This Day In 1966 [PAR] Leave a comment [PAR] 168 reads [PAR] As one of the most-storied African-American groups during the turbulent late 1960s, the Black Panther Party For Self Defense (or the Black Panther Party) stood out not only for their militant appearance but also for their work in impoverished neighborhoods as well. As students at Oakland\u2019s Merritt College (formerly Oakland City College), Huey Newton (pictured right) and Bobby Seale (pictured) were inspired by the teachings of Malcolm X, who was slain just a year before they began the Party. Newton and Seale, growing tired of police brutality and other forms injustice against Blacks, formed the Black Panther Party on this day in 1966. [PAR] SEE ALSO: Iconic Comedian, Entertainer Redd Foxx Passed Away On This Date In 1991 [PAR] Fashioning themselves as left-wing revolutionaries, the Black Panthers felt that Blacks in America needed protection against police, underscoring their emphasis on self-defense. Since Newton was a reader of Karl Marx, Frantz Fanon, Vladimir Lenin, and other revolutionary figures, the Black Panthers taught socialist and Marxist ideology to its members. [PAR] Newton maintained the title of defense minister while Seale was recognized as the group\u2019s chairman. Along with forming the party, the group\u2019s landmark \u201cTen Point Program\u201d was also introduced after being inspired by Stokely Carmichael (aka Kwame Toure) and his activism in Alabama. [PAR] The Party\u2019s platform called for equal rights for Blacks, a call for jobs for the community, housing, education, and other demands. Party members were also famous for being armed publicly, after Newton learned that a loophole in California law allowed them to bear guns in plain sight as long as they weren\u2019t aimed. [PAR] The Panthers claimed Oakland as a \u201cterritory\u201d with the police being enemies of their land and acted as both a community support system and militia-like force. [PAR] With racial tensions rising, so did the Panther\u2019s activity. After first denying his involvement, Newton admitted to the killing of Officer John Frey, which galvanized the Panthers even further. H. Rap Brown (now serving life in prison for the 2000 killing of Georgia officer Ricky Kinchen) and James Forman used the moment to stage a huge \u201cFree Huey\u201d rally months later, calling for violence and the assassination of public officials if their leader was not set free. Newton fled trial and escaped to Cuba but still led the Panthers as much as he could from afar. [PAR] Beyond their many conflicts with law enforcement officials, the Panthers\u2019 \u201csurvival programs\u201d were the stuff of legend. The group provided free food, self-defense training, tutoring, first aid, clothing, drug and alcohol rehab, and many more social programs for those in need. This would land the Party on the radar of the FBI and the insidious \u201cCOINTELPRO\u201d program, which then-director J. Edgar Hoover enacted to halt the growth of the group. The FBI infiltrated the inner workings of the Panthers and pitted other similar groups against them, according to documents and personal accounts regarding the matter. [PAR] The Black Panther Party dealt with criticism of its violent nature, which often overshadowed the group\u2019s good works. Some members wanted a focus on the socialist aspect, while others wanted to be even more confrontational. The decline of the party was readily apparent in the 1970s, especially in 1974 when Newton appointed Elaine Brown as the Party\u2019s first chairwoman. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack Nicholson - Biography - IMDb Jack Nicholson - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Jack Nicholson [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 225 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (2) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (8) | Trivia (125) | Personal Quotes (66) | Salary (19) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\u00be\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (2) [PAR] Jack Nicholson, an American actor, producer, screen-writer and director, is a three-time Academy Award winner and twelve-time nominee. Nicholson is also notable for being one of two actors - the other being Michael Caine - who have received Oscar nods in every decade from sixties through the naughts. [PAR] Nicholson was born on April 22, 1937 in Neptune, New Jersey. He was raised believing that his grandmother was his mother, and that his mother, June Frances Nicholson, a show-girl, was his older sister. He discovered the truth in 1975 from a Time magazine journalist who was researching a profile on him. His real father is believed to have been either Donald Furcillo, an Italian-American show-man, or Eddie King (Edgar Kirschfeld), born in Latvia and also in show-business. Jack's mother's ancestry was Irish, English, as well as German, Scottish, and Welsh. [PAR] Nicholson made his film debut in a B-movie titled The Cry Baby Killer (1958). His rise in Hollywood was far from meteoric, and for years, he sustained his career with guest spots in television series and a number of Roger Corman films, including The Little Shop of Horrors (1960). [PAR] Nicholson's first turn in the director's chair was for Drive, He Said (1971). Before that, he wrote the screenplay for The Trip (1967), and co-wrote Head (1968), a vehicle for The Monkees. His big break came with Easy Rider (1969) and his portrayal of liquor-soaked attorney George Hanson, which earned Nicholson his first Oscar nomination. Nicholson's film career took off in the 1970s with a definitive performance in Five Easy Pieces (1970). Nicholson's other notable work during this period includes leading roles in Roman Polanski 's noir masterpiece Chinatown (1974) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), for which he won his first Best Actor Oscar. [PAR] The 1980s kicked off with another career-defining role for Nicholson as Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubrick 's adaptation of Stephen King 's novel The Shining (1980). A string of well-received films followed, including Terms of Endearment (1983) which earned Nicholson his second Oscar; Prizzi's Honor (1985) and The Witches of Eastwick (1987). He portrayed another renowned villain, The Joker, in Tim Burton 's Batman (1989). In the 1990s, he starred in such varied films as A Few Good Men (1992), for which he received another Oscar nomination, and a dual role in Mars Attacks! (1996). [PAR] Although a glimpse at the darker side of Nicholson's acting range reappeared in The Departed (2006), the actor's most recent roles highlight the physical and emotional complications one faces late in life. The most notable of these is the unapologetically misanthropic Melvin Udall in As Good as It Gets (1997), for which he won his third Oscar. Shades of this persona are apparent in About Schmidt (2002), Something's Gotta Give (2003) and The Bucket List (2007). In addition to his Oscar wins and nominations, Nicholson has seven Golden Globe Awards, and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. He also became one of the youngest actors to receive the American Film Institute's Life Achievement award in 1994. [PAR] Nicholson has five children: Eldest daughter Jennifer Nicholson (b. 1963), from his marriage to Sandra Knight which ended in 1968; Caleb James Goddard (b."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Foster Went to Gloucester - English Children's ... Doctor Foster Went to Gloucester - English Children's Songs - England - Mama Lisa's World: Children's Songs and Rhymes from Around the World [PAR] Doctor Foster Went to Gloucester [PAR] Doctor Foster Went to Gloucester [PAR] Nursery Rhyme [PAR] Doctor Foster went to Gloucester [PAR] In a shower of rain, [PAR] He stepped in a puddle, [PAR] Right up to his middle, [PAR] And never went there again. [PAR] Doctor Foster Went to Gloucester [PAR] Nursery Rhyme [PAR] Doctor Foster went to Gloucester [PAR] In a shower of rain, [PAR] He stepped in a puddle, [PAR] Right up to his middle, [PAR] And never went there again.[DOC] [TLE] Doctor Foster Went To Gloucester - Nursery Rhymes - ESL ... Doctor Foster Went To Gloucester - Nursery Rhymes - ESL British English Pronunciation - YouTube [PAR] Doctor Foster Went To Gloucester - Nursery Rhymes - ESL British English Pronunciation [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Feb 22, 2015 [PAR] http://www.iswearenglish.com/ The traditional British nursery rhyme : Doctor Foster . Doctor Foster went to Gloucester, In a shower of rain; He stepped in a puddle, Right up to his middle, And never went there again. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greek Mythology: What is Pandora's Box? - Quora Greek Mythology: What is Pandora's Box? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written May 11, 2010 [PAR] Technically, it wasn't even a box; it was actually more of a jar. According to Greek myth, the \"box\" was given to Pandora, the first woman, and contained all the evils in the world bottled up inside. Pandora (whose name means \"all gifts\") had an insatiable curiosity and opened the jar despite being told not to, releasing all the evils of the world. Depending on which version of the myth you read, either Hope remains inside the jar and thus still in humanity's possession, or Hope is also released into the world (either way, humanity gets it). [PAR] Also depending on which version you read, Pandora was a punishment against the Titan Prometheus for tricking the gods into accepting the less palatable portions of a sacrifice at Mecone. (Pandora was given to Prometheus' brother Epimetheus as a wife). This particular version can be found in Hesiod's Theogony. [PAR] Written Mar 22, 2014 [PAR] Due to the way my feed likes giving me stuff from years ago, I found this nice little question running amok amongst some of the newer and less dignified questions (and answers). [PAR] Danielle Maurer's answer to \"What was Pandora's box?\" Is excellent and complete in it's own right. I would just like to add a few notes. [PAR] The version of Pandora I have read in several sources states that as all the world's ills were being released, Pandora vainly attempted to get the lid back on the jar/box. The only item she was able to contain was Hope. This allows the teller and reader the ability to identify the one good thing that was added to the many evils. Regardless of whether or not Hope was contained, the idea is that it was present in the first place. [PAR] If you haven't noticed, though, the story is a parallel to the Judeo-Islamic-Christian story of Eve and the Fruit Of Knowledge. The protagonist of each story is a woman, who is tempted into doing the one thing they have been forbidden to do. When the deed is committed, terrible ills befall mankind, which must suffer in perpetuity for the crime. [PAR] I have also seen other cultural stories with a common theme, many suggesting women as the culprit for the woes of man. It could be that all are inter-related, having some form of contact that would provide the basis for these stories (which is certainly a possibility in the Greek and Jewish cases). Or it may still be that some have come to this conclusion independently, which might possibly indicate a sort of misogyny that transcends culture. [PAR] In many tales, it is the male figure that suffers for bringing the good. Prometheus and Jesus are two such examples. Women, however, are the cause of the world's suffering, according to these traditions. [PAR] Pandora's box is more a cautionary story of the simplicity and predictable nature of women. A woman is crafted and given a box, knowing full well that it will be opened in time. That women can be trusted to betray a trust. The serpent in Eden knew without hesitation to tempt Eve, not Adam to eat the fruit. Both are examples of how a culture perpetuates the trivialization of half its population. [PAR] This trivialization continues today, in countless modern scenarios involving the denigration, harassment and abuse of women. Stereotypes about women drivers, women asking to be raped, weaker constitutions, less reliable, or the evils of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Monopoly/Official Rules - Wikibooks, open books for an ... Monopoly/Official Rules - Wikibooks, open books for an open world [PAR] Monopoly/Official Rules [PAR] Preparation[ edit ] [PAR] To begin with, each player selects a token. Then they place their token on the table near Go, placing it on Go only when his/her first turn to move arrives. One player becomes the Banker, who distributes assets from the Bank to the players. Only the player in question can use their money, money can only be lent via the Banker or by the player mortgaging an asset, money cannot be lent by another player. Each player receives two $500, two $100, two $50, six $20, five $10, five $5, and five $1. Each player thus begins the game with $1500. The Bank begins the game with 32 houses and 12 hotels. It never runs out of money; if it runs out of bills, players can use any convenient items as substitutes until the Bank gets enough money. [PAR] \"General\"[ edit ] [PAR] On a player's turn, he or she must roll the dice and move his or her token forward the number of spaces as rolled on the dice. [PAR] If the player lands on an unowned property, he or she may buy it for the price listed on that property's space. If he or she agrees to buy it, he or she pays the Bank the amount shown on the property space and receives the deed for that property. If he or she refuses to buy it for the amount stated on the deed, the property is auctioned. Bidding must start at half of the price of the property, and all players may bid. The highest bidder wins the property and pays the Bank the amount bid and receives the property's title deed. Railroads and utilities are also considered properties. [PAR] If the player lands on an unmortgaged property owned by another player, he or she pays rent to that person, as specified on the property's deed. It is the property owner's responsibility to demand rent, and he or she has until the beginning of the second following player's turn to do so. [PAR] If the player lands on his or her own property, or on property which is owned by another player but currently mortgaged, nothing happens. [PAR] If the player lands on Luxury Tax/Super Tax, he or she must pay the Bank $100 (in some editions of the game, only $75). [PAR] If the player lands on Income Tax he or she must pay the Bank either $200 or 10% of his or her total assets (cash on hand, property, houses and hotels). In some editions of the game, this is a flat rate of $200. [PAR] If the player lands on a Chance or Community Chest, the player takes a card from the top of the respective pack and performs the instruction given on the card. [PAR] If the player lands on the Jail space, he or she is \"Just Visiting\". No penalty applies. [PAR] If the player lands on the Go to Jail square, he or she must move his token directly to Jail . [PAR] If the player lands on or passes Go in the course of his or her turn, he or she receives $200 from the Bank. A player has until the beginning of his or her next turn to collect this bonus. [PAR] If a player does not have sufficient funds to pay off a rent or fee, he or she may take a loan from the Bank by mortgaging one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The A6 Murder....James Hanratty - YouRepeat The A6 Murder....James Hanratty - YouRepeat [PAR] Add our chrome extension to repeat YouTube videos at the click of a button [PAR] The A6 Murder....James Hanratty [PAR] Choose your time range using the slider. [PAR] Start: [PAR] Use this link to share your repeat [PAR] GIF Creation Settings [PAR] Separate tags with commas or press enter (max 5 tags) [PAR] Quick GIF Create [PAR] The One Show on Capital Punishment [PAR] James Hanratty [PAR] James Hanratty was one of the last people in the UK to be sentenced to death for murder. He was hanged at Bedford Gaol on 4 April 1962, after being convicted of the murder of scientist Michael Gregsten, who was shot dead in his car near Clophill, Bedfordshire in August 1961. Gregsten's mistress Valerie Storie, was raped, shot and left paralysed in the same incident. According to Storie, the couple were abducted at gunpoint in their car at Dorney Reach, Buckinghamshire, by a man with a cockney accent and mannerisms matching Hanratty's. The gunman ordered Gregsten to drive in several directions, before stopping beside the A6 at Deadman's Hill, where the offences took place. The prime suspects were Hanratty, a petty criminal, and Peter Louis Alphon, an eccentric drifter. Both these men changed their version of events several times and Storie picked out an innocent man at the first identity parade. The 'Guilty' verdict was questioned by many who felt the evidence was too weak to justify conviction. However, a DNA test in 2002 was to prove Hanratty's guilt, according to the Court of Appeal, \"beyond doubt\". [PAR] Date of birth: October 4, 1936 [PAR] Place of birth: Bromley"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Solar System Moon Facts - Titan, Io, Europa, Ganymede ... Solar System Moon Facts - Titan, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Triton, Charon [PAR] [PAR] Check out our amazing space and astronomy facts for kids. Learn about different space objects and enjoy a range of cool trivia. [PAR] Solar System Moon Facts [PAR] Enjoy a range of interesting solar system moon facts. Learn about the variety of moons that orbit around planets such as Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune. What makes moons like Titan, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Triton, Charon, Phobos and Deimos unique? Read on and find out! [PAR] [PAR] While we usually think of the Earth\u2019s Moon there are many other moons in the Solar System . [PAR] As of 2009, there were 336 moons in the Solar System. 168 of these orbit planets, 6 orbit dwarf planets, while the rest orbit asteroids and other Solar System objects (many yet to be classified). [PAR] Jupiter\u2019s four main moons are named the Galilean moons (after Galileo Galilei). Their names are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. [PAR] Io features over 400 active volcanoes. [PAR] Some scientists believe that water could exist below the surface of Europa. [PAR] Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar System. [PAR] Callisto has a similar diameter to the planet Mercury but only one third of its mass. [PAR] Saturn\u2019s largest moon is named Titan, it is the only moon known to have a dense atmosphere. [PAR] Neptune\u2019s largest moon, Triton, is similar in size to Earth\u2019s moon. Discovered in 1846 it is the seventh largest moon in the Solar System. [PAR] The largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto is named Charon, it was discovered in 1978 and has a diameter that is around half as wide as Pluto\u2019s. [PAR] Mars has two moons named Phobos and Deimos, both were discovered in 1877."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 12 Biggest Booker Prize Controversies - The Daily Beast The 12 Biggest Booker Prize Controversies - The Daily Beast [PAR] Winners and Losers [PAR] The 12 Biggest Booker Prize Controversies [PAR] This year\u2019s Man Booker Prize longlist is being touted as \u2018the most diverse\u2019 ever, perhaps to deflect any controversies\u2014and the award has had plenty of them in the past. [PAR] Thomas Flynn [PAR] 07.23.13 9:25 PM ET [PAR] It\u2019s time to talk about the Man Booker Prize again. Given annually to the best English-language novel published in the Commonwealth of Nations since its inception in 1969, the Booker is one of the most prestigious awards in the literary world. This year\u2019s longlist was described by Robert Macfarlane, the chair of the judges, as \u201cthe most diverse\u201d ever\u20147 of the 13 authors are women, and 7 countries are represented on the list. The inclusiveness is perhaps intended to deflect any controversies, and the award has had many of them. It\u2019s been criticized for being elitist, inspiring The Guardian to create the reader-voted Not-the-Booker Prize. The Booker\u2019s also been accused of having a British bias, though it\u2019s supposed to represent more than 50 other countries. Here are some of the most controversial moments in Booker history. [PAR] (1) No Guarantee [PAR] In 1980 Anthony Burgess and William Golding, two of Britain\u2019s literary giants, went head to head. Burgess, nominated for Earthly Powers , would not attend the ceremony unless the committee guaranteed him a win. They could not\u2014the final decision was made half an hour before the announcement\u2014and Golding won for Rites of Passage . [PAR] (2) Oops [PAR] Life of Pi , Yann Martel\u2019s 2001 bestseller, was considered the fourth favorite for that year\u2019s Booker by the bookmakers taking bets. That is, until a page on the Booker Prize website announced it as the winner a week before the decision. Life of Pi immediately became the odds-on favorite to win, with more bets placed on it than any other Booker nominee ever. Unfortunately for the bookies, the leak proved correct, and Martel won the award unanimously. [PAR] (3) Too Readable [PAR] In 2011 the judges came under fire for a shortlist many, including the former poet laureate Andrew Motion, deemed too \u201creadable.\u201d Motion said that the list \u201copens up a completely false divide between what is high end and what is readable, as if they are somehow in opposition to one other, which is patently not true.\u201d Poet Jackie Kay said of the nominees, \u201cIt is a sad day when even the Booker is afraid to be bookish.\u201d Julian Barnes\u2019s The Sense of an Ending , widely regarded as the snob\u2019s pick of that year, would go on to win. [PAR] (4) Switcheroo [PAR] In 1983 the judges, with jury chair Fay Weldon still to vote, were split down the middle, with two ballots each for J.M. Coetzee\u2019s Life & Times of Michael K and Salman Rushdie\u2019s Shame . With only minutes before the scheduled announcement, Weldon cast her vote for Rushdie, only to switch to Coetzee as Booker foundation organizer Martyn Goff was calling in the result. [PAR] (5) Elitist [PAR] John Banville\u2019s first brush with controversy surrounding the prize came in 1981, after he was snubbed for the shortlist. Banville published a letter in The Guardian criticizing the elitist preferences of the Booker judges. He facetiously asked the committee for the prize money in order to buy every copy of the nominated books and give them to libraries, \u201cthus ensuring that the books not only are bought but also read\u2014surely a unique occurrence.\u201d Banville would"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Common Cobra ( Naja naja) - COBRAS - Scientific Data ... Common Cobra (Naja naja) COBRAS Scientific Data / Taxonomy [PAR] Scientific Name: Naja Naja [PAR] Snake Family : Elapidae [PAR] Description: Highly poisonous and larger of the Elapidae family of snakes. Cobras come in a broad range of body coloring ranging from yellows, rust, light browns and greys to even reddish tones and some are banded. Cobras have beautiful \"hoods\" which when fully spread in a defensive posture displays spots that look like eyes. Highly intelligent species mostly terrestrial. Some snake species like the Rinkhal of Southern Africa (not true cobras) are very coy, known to play dead to entice victims to approach then suddenly attacking. The King Cobra , the largest venomous snake in the world is greatly feared but many scientists believe it is the African Cape Cobra who delivers the most deadly venom of any of the Naja family of snakes. [PAR] Characteristics: Cobras are both nocturnal and diurnal creatures. Snakes in the Cobra family will rise to defend themselves and are capable of delivering large amounts of deadly Neurotoxic venom through either a venomous spray aimed at the eyes ( Spitting Cobras ) or envenomation by fang bite. Cobra envenomation is severe, often fatal and should be treated by medical professionals who normally administer Cobra Antivenom inoculations. [PAR] Reproduction : Oviparous (egg-laying) with many Cobra species building and maintaining nests for their clutches of between 12-20 baby cobra eggs which hatch out in 50-60 days. Female Cobras are known to viciously defend their nest and eggs from predators. [PAR] Length: 1.2-5 meters (Approx. 4.5-16 ft). The largest and longest King Cobra specimen is said to be recorded measuring 18\"4\" in length. [PAR] Habitat Distribution: Mountainous outcrops, grasslands, moist and desert savannas and forested areas throughout their range. Over 270 species inhabit the continents of Africa and Asia. Wide ranging, the African species live from Egypt in the north through equatorial Africa in the Congo Basin to Namibia and extending all the way to South Africa. Asian Cobras can be found in the countries of Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, the islands of Java, Malaysia, Sumatra and the Philippines. [PAR] Subspecies: There are several recognized subspecies in the \"Naja\" family of Cobras. Some of the more widely known are: [PAR] African Cobras [PAR] Black Spitting Cobra (Naja nigricollis woodi) [PAR] Black-Necked Spitting Cobra (Naja nigricollis nigricollis) [PAR] Cape Cobra or Yellow Cobra (Naja nivea) [PAR] Egyptian Cobra (Naja haje haje) [PAR] Forest Cobra (Naja melanoleuca melanoleuca and Naja m. subfulva) [PAR] Mozambique Spitting Cobra (Naja mossambica) [PAR] Red Spitting Cobra (Naja pallida) [PAR] Snouted Cobra (Naja annulifera annulifera) [PAR] Western Barred Spitting Cobra (Naja nigricollis nigricincta) [PAR] Asian Cobras [PAR] Burmese Spitting Cobra (Naja manadalayensis) [PAR] Central Asian Cobra (Naja oxiana) [PAR] Chinese Cobra (Naja atra) [PAR] Common Cobra, Asian Cobra, Indian Cobra, Spectacled Cobra (Naja naja) [PAR] King Cobra ( Ophiophagus hannah) [PAR] Malaysian Spitting Cobra (Naja naja sputatrix) [PAR] Nubian Spitting Cobra (Naja nubiae) [PAR] Sumatran Spitting Cobra (Naja sumatrana) [PAR] Other Cobra subspecies include: [PAR] Water Cobras (Boulengerina species) [PAR] Note: Rinkhals ( Hemachatus haemachatus) [PAR] Rinkhals (aka Ringhals) are in a class of their own & it warrants mention that this Cobra looking snake is not actually a true Cobra. Although it is poisonous with the associated \"hood\" there are many differences. Rinkhals, also in the Elapidae family of snakes, are ovoviviparous (bearing live young) with different fang and venom delivery system than that of a true Cobra. [PAR] Related Snake Families : Kraits and Sea"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tiger Bay Reviews & Ratings - IMDb Tiger Bay Reviews & Ratings - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 41 out of 43 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Scenes aboard the ship [PAR] from United Kingdom [PAR] 6 September 2006 [PAR] I was 2nd Radio Officer aboard the British cargo ship OSWESTRY GRANGE, which sailed regularly between the UK and the River Plate, from June 1958 until February 1959. At the beginning of October 1958, we were in Avonmouth (Bristol), when the \"Tiger Bay\" cast and crew came aboard to film the dock scenes, which were supposed to be in Barry. The ship's name was over-painted with the name LA PALOMA, and the white Maltese Cross on the funnel was transformed into a white square. When we sailed, we had to have our correct ship's name painted on boards, which were suspended over the bows, and only removed when filming was taking place. Our unique funnel must have caused a lot of puzzlement aboard other ships. [PAR] We then sailed up and down the Bristol Channel for a few days, while the filming of John Mills' arrival and boarding from the pilot boat, as well as the chase and jump involving the Hayley Mills character, took place. The jump was performed by a stunt woman, who was very much bigger than Hayley. It was a cold day, and the Bristol Channel looked very uninviting, but the stunt girl was cheerful and unperturbed. Fortunately for her, only one take was needed! The film people, including John and Hayley Mills, were very friendly. Of course, we had no idea what it was all about. [PAR] I didn't manage to see the film until I was serving with the Zim Israel line, when it was shown in a cinema on Mount Carmel in Haifa in June 1960. I'd expected to see myself in the scene where the ship was leaving Barry docks (i.e., Avonmouth), but I'd ended up on the cutting room floor. [PAR] I now have the film on DVD, and love re-watching it, because it's a really good film, with an amazing performance by Hayley Mills, and also, of course, because I can see my old ship again, and recall my youth and those fascinating days with the cast and crew. [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 27 out of 28 people found the following review useful: [PAR] A tricky tale, told with taste and flair [PAR] from las vegas, nv [PAR] 5 May 2001 [PAR] When a sailor discovers his girlfriend has dumped him while he's been away, they argue, she pulls a gun, he gets it away from her, and then shoots her several times. A streetwise British girl from Cardiff, who does nothing but lie and cause trouble, is the only witness. She eventually befriends the Polish sailor and helps him hide. What could've been a cloying story--even perverse--is handled with impeccable taste and turned into a very moving, human tale. Cinematographer Eric Cross and his camera obviously adore Hayley Mills' 12-year-old face (her round, inquisitive eyes in particular); the scene-stealer is shown off to an incredible advantage in her acting debut. Real-life papa John Mills (as the investigator of the murder) and Horst Bucholz are also fine. An intriguing, absorbing film with a somewhat padded conclusion. *** from **** [PAR] Was the above review useful to you? [PAR] 26 out of 30 people found the following review useful: [PAR] Unforgettable. Worth any effort needed to see it. [PAR] from London, ON [PAR] 23 April 2002 [PAR] It's been a long time since"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darts 501 - Terms and Meanings Darts 501 - Terms and Meanings [PAR] The centre of the board. (see also: \"SINGLE-BULL\" and \"DOUBLE-BULL\") Score of 50 [PAR] BUST / BUSTED [PAR] Hitting more than you needed in an x01 game. The darts do not count and the player begins his next turn on the same score he had prior to. [PAR] C [PAR] C [PAR] In a Cricket game this refers to high scores base on the number of darts scored. For example a triple-20, single-20, single-20 would be called a C-5 because \"5 darts\" were scored with three darts. [PAR] CHAMPAGNE BREAKFAST [PAR] Hitting treble 20, treble 1 and treble 5 in three darts (see \"BREAKFAST\") [PAR] CHALKING [PAR] Keeping score / marking the game. [PAR] CHIPS [PAR] A score of 26. (See also: \"BREAKFAST /BED & BREAKFAST\") [PAR] CHUCKER [PAR] A player who just \"chucks\" the darts at the board, doesn't aim or care. [PAR] CIRCLE IT [PAR] When a player scores a single digit (less than 10) with three darts, his team-mates would shout out \"Circle it!\" to the scorekeeper to highlight the terrible throw. A variation on this tradition is to draw a fish around the score, often leading to aquarium-related jokes being aimed at particularly poor or unlucky players. [PAR] CLOCK [PAR] The dartboard itself, usually in the context of \"ROUND THE CLOCK\". [PAR] CORK [PAR] The centre of the board. This comes from the cork in the end of a keg where it is tapped. The ends of kegs were used for targets in the game's early days. [PAR] D [PAR] DARTITIS [PAR] Name given to a mental state of a dart thrower unable to release his / her dart during a throw. [PAR] DEVIL [PAR] The treble-6, so called due to '666', and the fact that it is often hit in error when going for treble-13 or treble-10. [PAR] DIDDLE FOR THE MIDDLE [PAR] A throw to see who gets one dart closer to the bullseye to determine who throws first in the game. Also known as a \"BULL OFF\", \"MIDDLE FOR MIDDLE\" and \"OUT FOR BULL\". [PAR] DOUBLE [PAR] The thin outer ring of the board. In standard x01 games, a double counts for two times the number hit. [PAR] DOUBLE-BULL [PAR] On dartboards configured with a bullseye consisting of two concentric circles, the outer circle is commonly green and worth 25 and the inner circle is commonly red and worth 50 points. Hitting the innermost ring of this type of bullseye is a \"DOUBLE-BULL\". (See also: \"BULLSEYE\") [PAR] DOUBLE IN (DI) [PAR] A variant of x01 in which a double is needed to start the game. [PAR] DOUBLE OUT (DO) [PAR] Hitting the double of a number to win a game of 'x01 [PAR] DOUBLE TOP [PAR] Not being able to hit the double needed to win the game. [PAR] DOWNSTAIRS [PAR] The lower portion of the board, usually in reference to the 19s in a game of x01. [PAR] E [PAR] A game that requires no special shot to begin scoring. [PAR] FAT [PAR] The largest portion of a number (the area between the double and triple ring) [PAR] FEATHERS [PAR] The 'feathers'/ Flights of the dart which makes the dart more aerodynamic [PAR] FLIGHTS [PAR] The \"wings\" at the end of a dart that make it fly straight. Also known as feathers. [PAR] G [PAR] Advises all players that the match has now started [PAR] GAME SHOT [PAR] Signifies that the match winning double has been hit [PAR] GOOD GROUP [PAR] A compliment for tight, accurate throwing."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Apollo Creed - Rocky Wiki - Wikia Apollo Creed | Rocky Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Ivan Drago [PAR] (killed in exhibition bout with Drago) [PAR] ''Stay in school and use your brain. Be a doctor, be a lawyer, carry a leather briefcase. Forget about sports as a profession. Sports make ya grunt and smell. See, be a thinker, not a stinker.'' - Apollo Creed [PAR] Apollo Creed (August 17, 1942 - August 31, 1985) was the main antagonist in Rocky and Rocky II and a deuteragonist in Rocky III and Rocky IV . He was initially portrayed as the World Heavyweight Champion until Rocky Balboa defeated Apollo Creed in the rematch in Rocky II. He is portrayed by Carl Weathers . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] When Apollo Creed is first introduced, he is the reigning Heavyweight Champion of the World. It is after his next scheduled opponent is unable to fight in a heavily publicized Bicentennial bout that Creed comes up with gimmick to keep from canceling the fight. He decides to give an unknown a shot at the title. He is attracted by Rocky's nickname, The Italian Stallion, and decides to offer him the bout. [PAR] Creed is one of the most important supporting character in the series, as is solely responsible for Balboa's claim to fame, and his recapturing of the title after his initial defeat at the hands of Clubber Lang and Mickey's death later that night. Creed's fatal defeat at the hands of Ivan Drago is the reason Rocky decides to fight the Russian, to avenge his death, an act which gave Balboa his greatest win. [PAR] Apollo Creed is married to Mary Ann. They have two children, a son and a daughter. He was with his trainer, Tony \"Duke\" Evers from a young age. He is from Los Angeles, California. Until his first fight with Rocky, no other fighter had ever gone the distance with Creed. It is revealed in the film Creed that Apollo cheated on his wife resulting in another child who was born posthumously, a son, named Adonis. [PAR] Rocky Legends [PAR] An early fight that Apollo had. [PAR] The video game Rocky Legends showed a prequel to the films, showing \"Career Modes\" detailing the fights of the four main boxers in the films. In Apollo's career mode, Apollo Creed is shown fighting in the minor circuit. His first match is against Tony \"Duke\" Evers . Following that match, a vignette is shown where Evers congratulates Creed for beating him, and remarks he is getting too old and weak for active boxing. Creed tells of his plans to make it big as a future champ, and offers a worthy boxer such as Tony his chance to oversee that by becoming his manager. Apollo faced many opponents on his way to the top. (This storyline is contrary to the films, where it's revealed that Duke \"practically raised him.\") [PAR] Rocky [PAR] Edit [PAR] Apollo as he tries to find a new fighter to fight. [PAR] Apollo Creed first appeared in the 1976 Oscar-winning film Rocky as the charismatic, intelligent, and undefeated 34-year-old World Heavyweight Champion. A planned Bicentennial fight against number one contender Mac Lee Green was scheduled for January 1, 1976, which Apollo gladly hypes whenever someone places a microphone in front of him. However, Green hurts his left hand in training and the other top ranked contenders, such as Ernie Roman and Buddy Shaw , are either busy or don't believe that they can get into shape in time. Unwilling to waste the time, effort"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Wedding Singer (6/6) Movie CLIP - Grow Old With You ... The Wedding Singer (6/6) Movie CLIP - Grow Old With You (1998) HD - YouTube [PAR] The Wedding Singer (6/6) Movie CLIP - Grow Old With You (1998) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 26, 2011 [PAR] The Wedding Singer movie clips: http://j.mp/15vNT5d [PAR] BUY THE MOVIE: http://bit.ly/2cyWv26 [PAR] Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr [PAR] CLIP DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Robbie (Adam Sandler) sings to Julia (Drew Barrymore) on the plane, while Billy Idol helps keep Glenn (Matthew Glave) out of the way. [PAR] FILM DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Mousse up your hair and pull your Missing Persons records out of mothballs for this romantic comedy set in that era of questionable fashion decisions, the '80s. In 1985, Robbie Hart (Adam Sandler) is a vocalist whose rock band stubbornly refuses to get off the ground. In the meantime, he makes a living playing wedding receptions, where his easy charm and ability to schmooze brings him a steady income. Robbie meets Julia Sullivan (Drew Barrymore) when she's working as a waitress at one of his wedding gigs; he immediately takes a shine to her, but since he's engaged, he keeps his distance. Robbie learns that Julia is also engaged; unfortunately, her fianc\u00e9e Glen Gulia (Matthew Glave) is an obnoxious, self-obsessed yuppie who is chronically unfaithful to her. When Robbie gets stood up at the altar by his fianc\u00e9e, it's a crushing blow to his ego, and he moves from working weddings to bar mitzvahs to avoid the humiliating issue of matrimony, and he considers giving up on music altogether. In time, Robbie realizes that he needs to step in and stop Julia from marrying Glen before the woman he's come to love ruins her life. Adam Sandler's former Saturday Night Live co-stars Kevin Nealon and Jon Lovitz make cameo appearances, as do Steve Buscemi and Billy Idol -- as himself. [PAR] CREDITS: [PAR] Cast: Matthew Glave, Adam Sandler [PAR] Director: Frank Coraci [PAR] Producers: Richard Brener, Jack Giarraputo, Brad Grey, Michelle Holdsworth, Ira Shuman, Robert Simonds, Rita Smith, Sandy Wernick, Brian Witten [PAR] Screenwriter: Tim Herlihy [PAR] WHO ARE WE? [PAR] The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. Here you will find unforgettable moments, scenes and lines from all your favorite films. Made by movie fans, for movie fans. [PAR] SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MOVIE CHANNELS:[DOC] [TLE] Classic Quadrophenia - The Who Classic Quadrophenia - The Who [PAR] Login [PAR] Classic Quadrophenia [PAR] Released as a double-album in 1973, The Who\u2019s rock opera QUADROPHENIA is a conceptual work set in the 1960s milieu of the Mod movement during which they began their career in west London. The central character of Jimmy is a disaffected youth who hates his parents and lowly job, but finds release from blue-collar drudgery with his fellow Mods, popping pills and riding motor-scooters to weekend concerts by bands like The Who. But the freedom he finds turns out to be illusory. The album title comes from the personalities of the four members of The Who, used to represent the four sides of Jimmy. Townshend has described the album as the best music he has ever written. In 1979"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kyat - definition of kyat by The Free Dictionary Kyat - definition of kyat by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Kyat - definition of kyat by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/kyat [PAR] (Currencies) the standard monetary unit of Myanmar, divided into 100 pyas [PAR] [from Burmese] [PAR] the basic monetary unit of Burma. [PAR] [1950\u201355; < Burmese cyat (written kyap)] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] kyat - the basic unit of money in Myanmar [PAR] Myanmar monetary unit - monetary unit in the Union of Burma [PAR] pya - 100 pyas equal 1 kyat in Myanmar [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.[DOC] [TLE] kyat - definition and meaning - Wordnik.com kyat - definition and meaning [PAR] kyat [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] n. See Table at currency. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] n. The official currency of Myanmar. [PAR] from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. [PAR] n. the basic unit of money in Myanmar [PAR] Etymologies [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] Burmese ca\u0294. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] From Burmese \u1000\u103b\u1015\u103a (kyat) [PAR] Examples [PAR] That could occur when officials record foreign payments for natural gas or other exports at the official rate of six kyat per dollar\u2014greatly underestimating the payment's actual value in local terms\u2014and then convert the money into kyat at the prevailing street rate. [PAR] Myanmar Considers Foreign-Exchange Overhaul [PAR] The official government exchange rate is about six Myanmar kyat for every U.S. dollar, compared with roughly 800 kyat per dollar in public marketss\u2014a gap that introduces a range of distortions to the Myanmar economy and makes it complicated to do business there. [PAR] Myanmar Considers Foreign-Exchange Overhaul [PAR] Myanmar officials have repeatedly asked for more help from the IMF to help the government simplify the country's unwieldy foreign-exchange regime, which involves multiple exchange rates\u2014including an official rate of about six Myanmar kyat per dollar, compared with a street rate of about 800 per dollar. [PAR] Clinton Encourages Myanmar [PAR] Phnom Penh Post/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images The Myanmar Times's Ross Dunkley in happier times The court set Mr. Dunkley's bail at five million kyat, or about $6,000 based on current exchange rates in Yangon, for each of the two charges he faces: drugging a local woman and violating immigration law by committing an illegal act."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] [PDF]BS EN 15773-2009 industrial application of powder ... BS EN 15773-2009 industrial application of powder organic coatings to hot dip galvanized or sherardized steel articles [duplex systems] specifications, recommendations and guidelines - Freestd - British Standards [PAR] Price: [PAR] Number of Pages:26 [PAR] Preface:Organic coatings, Plastic coatings, Particulate materials, Coatings, Industrial, Coating processes, Steels, Coated materials, Hot-dip galvanizing, Hot-dip coating, Sherardizing, Zinc, Surfaces, Surface treatment, Consumer-supplier relations, Ordering, Inspection [PAR] Description:This European Standard specifies the agreements to be made between the client, the galvanizer / sherardizer, the chemical suppliers and the applicators of the pre-treatment and the powder organic coating systems (if they are not one and the same). It also specifies the quality of the galvanized or sherardized articles to which the powder organic coatings are to be applied and for the pre-treatment and powder organic coatings intended for application to the galvanized or sherardized articles. This standard applies to the application of hot dip galvanized, sherardized and powder organic coatings by controlled industrial processes to articles consisting of or manufactured from steel. The standard applies to hot dip galvanized products, galvanized in accordance with EN ISO 1461 and EN 10240 or products sherardized in accordance with EN 13811, as well as parts of these products manufactured from continuously galvanized sheet and strip galvanized in accordance with EN 10326 or EN 10327, which, after the galvanizing and/or assembly, or sherardizing, will have a powder organic coating system applied. This standard also applies to products which have been hot dip galvanized or sherardized according to specific product standards to which powder organic systems are applied. This standard might also be useful when supplying other organic coating systems (excluding wet paint systems). [PAR] Overview: [PAR] Cross References:EN 10021; EN 10130; EN 10326; EN 10327; EN 10163-1; EN 10163-2; EN 10163-3; EN 10221; EN 10240; EN 13438; EN 13811; EN ISO 1461; ISO 1461-1999; EN ISO 5817; ISO 5817-2005; ISO 5817-2005/Technical Corrigendum 1-2006; prEN ISO 14713-1; ISO/DIS 14713-1-2008; prEN ISO 14713-2; ISO/DIS 14713-2-2008; prEN ISO 14713-3; ISO/DIS 14713-3-2008; ISO 9223; EN ISO 12944; ISO 12944-1998; EN ISO 8504; ISO 8504-2000; EN ISO 2063; ISO 2063-2005 [PAR] Catalog:[DOC] [TLE] Patent US2887405 - Pheral coating with nitrogen resin ... Patent US2887405 - Pheral coating with nitrogen resin primer - Google Patents [PAR] Pheral coating with nitrogen resin primer [PAR] US 2887405 A [PAR] Description (OCR text may contain errors) [PAR] May 19, 1959 'w. M. woobms 2,887,405 [PAR] PHERAL. COATING WITH NITROGEN RESIN PRIMER Filed Nov. 8, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 RESINOUS ORGANIC NITROGEN POLYMER \"MOLECULAR WEIGHT AT LEAST IOOO) L ADSORBED ON SURFACE. [PAR] NON-ABSORBENT SMOOTH SUBSTRATE FIG. I [PAR] TOPGOAI MATERIAL RESINOUS ORGANIC NITROGEN POLYMER I (MOLECULAR WEIGHT AT LEAST IOOO) ABSORBED ON SUBSTRATE SURFACE. I [PAR] NON-ABSORBENT SMOOTH SUBSTRATE FIG. 2 [PAR] INVENTOR. [PAR] WILLIAM M. WOODING ATTORNEY May 19, 1959 w. M. WOODING Q ,405 [PAR] PHERAL COATING WITH NITROGEN RE SIN PRIMER Filed NOV. 8, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 t g w n 0 I E g 2 DJ n: t- [PAR] z 9 r0 w 5 9 In L a) 3 p i 2 i i m 5 I .J m E \"v 5 f o N n- ID 0 m o m o n 0 IO 0 m o o w w m In r r m n a on o o o o o o o o o o o o t 'wo/ glx'wa) 'wo/ QOVASHS NO NIWINBWAHLBA'IOd 0388080? :10 NOILVHLNHONOO INVENTOR. [PAR] WILLIAM M. WOODING ATTORNEY United States Patent O PHERAL COATING WITH NITROGEN RESIN PRIMER William M. Wooding, Old Greenwich, Conn., assignor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Romaine lettuce - The World's Healthiest Foods Romaine lettuce [PAR] The World's Healthiest Foords are health-promoting foods that can change your life. [PAR] Watch for the launch of our new WHFoods 7-Day Meal Plan on January 23rd! [PAR] The George Mateljan Foundation is a not-for-profit foundation with no commercial interests or [PAR] advertising. Our mission is to help you eat and cook the healthiest way for optimal health. [PAR] Romaine lettuce [PAR] Not all lettuce is created equal, but if you start your meal with a salad made of romaine lettuce you will be sure to add not only a variety of textures and flavors to your meal but an enormous amount of nutritional value. Most of the domestic U.S. harvest of romaine lettuce and other salad greens comes from California and is available throughout the year. [PAR] Lettuce is synonymous with salads as they are predominantly made from crispy green lettuce leaves. Most varieties of lettuce exude small amounts of a white, milky liquid when their leaves are broken. This \"milk\" gives lettuce its slightly bitter flavor and its scientific name, Lactuca sativa derived from the Latin word for milk. [PAR] Romaine Lettuce, raw [PAR] pantothenic acid 3% [PAR] This chart graphically details the %DV that a serving of Romaine lettuce provides for each of the nutrients of which it is a good, very good, or excellent source according to our Food Rating System. Additional information about the amount of these nutrients provided by Romaine lettuce can be found in the Food Rating System Chart . A link that takes you to the In-Depth Nutritional Profile for Romaine lettuce, featuring information over 80 nutrients, can be found under the Food Rating System Chart. [PAR] References [PAR] Health Benefits [PAR] Want to maximize the health benefits of your salads? Start with romaine lettuce for a salad guaranteed to be packed with nutrients. The vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients and fiber found in romaine lettuce are especially good for the prevention or alleviation of many common health complaints. [PAR] Due to its extremely low calorie content and high water volume, romaine lettuce\u2014while often overlooked in the nutrition world\u2014is actually a very nutritious food. Based on its nutrient richness, our food ranking system qualified it as an excellent source of vitamin A (notably through its concentration of the pro-vitamin A carotenoid, beta-carotene), vitamin K, folate, and molybdenum. Romaine lettuce also emerged from our ranking system as a very good source of dietary fiber, four minerals (manganese, potassium, copper, and iron), and three vitamins (biotin, vitamin B1, and vitamin C). [PAR] Salad Days Keep Your Heart Young [PAR] Romaine's vitamin C and beta-carotene content make it a heart-healthy green. Vitamin C and beta-carotene work together to prevent the oxidation of cholesterol. When cholesterol becomes oxidized, it becomes sticky and starts to build up in the artery walls forming plaques. If these plaques become too large, they can block off blood flow or break, causing a clot that triggers a heart attack or stroke. The fiber in Romaine lettuce adds another plus in its column of heart-healthy effects. In the colon, fiber binds to bile salts and removes them from the body. This forces the body to make more bile, which is helpful because it must break down cholesterol to do so. This is just one way in which fiber is able to lower high cholesterol levels. [PAR] Equally beneficial to heart health is Romaine's folic acid content. This B vitamin is needed by the body to convert a damaging chemical called homocysteine into other, benign substances. If not converted, homocysteine can directly damage"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Onychectomy - Cats Wiki - Wikia Onychectomy | Cats Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] This article is a stub . You can help Cats Wiki by expanding it . [PAR] Onychectomy, popularly known as declawing, is an operation to surgically remove an animal's claws by means of amputating all or part of the distal phalanx, or end bones, of the animal's toes. It is performed most often on household cats, though occasionally on other animals such as circus lions or dancing bears. Because the claw develops from germinal tissue deep within the third phalanx, amputation of the bone is necessary to remove the claw. The terms \"onychectomy\" (origin: Greek \u1f44\u03bd\u03c5\u03be onycho, nail + \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae ektome, excision) and \"declawing\" imply mere claw removal, but a more appropriate description would be phalangectomy, excision of toe bone. [PAR] Although common in North America , and Asian countries such as Japan , Korea , and China , elective declawing is considered an act of animal cruelty in certain other regions. [PAR] Navigation[DOC] [TLE] The Facts About Declawing - Welcome To Max's House Animal ... The Facts About Declawing [PAR] The Facts About Declawing [PAR] What You Really Need To Know [PAR] The Cat\u0092s Claws [PAR] Unlike most mammals who walk on the soles of the paws or feet, cats are digitigrade, which means they walk on their toes. Their back, shoulder, paw and leg joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves are naturally designed to support and distribute the cat's weight across its toes as it walks, runs and climbs. A cat's claws are used for balance, for exercising, and for stretching the muscles in their legs, back, shoulders, and paws. They stretch these muscles by digging their claws into a surface and pulling back against their own clawhold - similar to isometric exercising for humans. This is the only way a cat can exercise, stretch and tone the muscles of its back and shoulders. The toes help the foot meet the ground at a precise angle to keep the leg, shoulder and back muscles and joints in proper alignment. Removal of the last digits of the toes drastically alters the conformation of their feet and causes the feet to meet the ground at an unnatural angle that can cause back pain similar to that in humans caused by wearing improper shoes. [PAR] Understanding Declawing (Onychectomy) [PAR] The anatomy of the feline claw must be understood before one can appreciate the severity of declawing. The cat's claw is not a nail as is a human fingernail, it is part of the last bone (distal phalanx) in the cat's toe. The cat\u0092s claw arises from the unguicular crest and unguicular process in the distal phalanx of the paw (see above diagram). Most of the germinal cells that produce the claw are situated in the dorsal aspect of the ungual crest. This region must be removed completely, or regrowth of a vestigial claw and abcessation results. The only way to be sure all of the germinal cells are removed is to amputate the entire distal phalanx at the joint. [PAR] Contrary to most people's understanding, declawing consists of amputating not just the claws, but the whole phalanx (up to the joint), including bones, ligaments, and tendons! To remove the claw, the bone, nerve, joint capsule, collateral ligaments, and the extensor and flexor tendons must all be amputated. Thus declawing is not a \u0093simple\u0094, single surgery but 10 separate, painful amputations of the third phalanx up to the last joint of each toe. A graphic comparison in human terms would be the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Illustrations to Nicholas Nickleby - The British Library Illustrations to Nicholas Nickleby - The British Library [PAR] Illustrations to Nicholas Nickleby [PAR] Description [PAR] English [PAR] In November 1837 Charles Dickens signed a contract with the publishers Chapman and Hall for a new novel \u2018of a similar character and of the same extent and contents in point of quantity\u2019 as Pickwick Papers. Nicholas Nickleby was duly published in 20 monthly parts, or numbers, at a shilling each between March 1838 and September 1839, the last being a double number at two shillings. Each part consisted of 32 pages of text and two engraved plates, bound with advertising supplements in pale green wrappers designed by the illustrator Hablot Browne (Phiz). [PAR] Part publication [PAR] Publication in parts was a long-established practice which had the advantage for the publisher of spreading the cost of production over a long period, and for the purchaser of making high-quality, lavishly illustrated fiction affordable. Authors also benefited from a regular income while they wrote: Dickens received \u00a3150 for each monthly instalment of Nicholas Nickleby. It became an important form of publication used by many of the most eminent and popular Victorian novelists, including Thackeray and Trollope, especially during the 1850s and 1860s. [PAR] Dickens and serialisation in monthly parts [PAR] Dickens relished the immediacy of the serial form and the close relationship it allowed him to establish with his readers. Nine of his novels appeared in monthly instalments: Pickwick Papers, Nicholas Nickleby, Martin Chuzzlewit, Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Our Mutual Friend and Edwin Drood. The format was so successful that both Sketches by Boz and Oliver Twist were reissued in parts several years after their first publication, and The Old Curiosity Shop, Barnaby Rudge and A Tale of Two Cities were issued in monthly parts simultaneously with their appearance as weekly magazine serials. [PAR] Full title: [PAR] The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby [PAR] Published:[DOC] [TLE] Nicholas Nickleby Author S Edition Dickens Charles - AbeBooks Nicholas Nickleby Author S Edition Dickens Charles - AbeBooks [PAR] Nicholas Nickleby Author S Edition Dickens Charles [PAR] You Searched For: [PAR] Results (1 - 30) of 59 [PAR] 1 [PAR] ISBN 10: 1593083009 ISBN 13: 9781593083007 [PAR] New Paperback [PAR] Destination, Rates & Speeds [PAR] Item Description: Fine Communications,US, United States, 2013. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 201 x 132 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. Nicholas Nickleby, by Charles Dickens, is part of the Barnes Noble Classics series, which offers quality editions at affordable prices to the student and the general reader, including new scholarship, thoughtful design, and pages of carefully crafted extras. Here are some of the remarkable features of Barnes Noble Classics: New introductions commissioned from today s top writers and scholars Biographies of the authors Chronologies of contemporary historical, biographical, and cultural events Footnotes and endnotes Selective discussions of imitations, parodies, poems, books, plays, paintings, operas, statuary, and films inspired by the work Comments by other famous authors Study questions to challenge the reader s viewpoints and expectations Bibliographies for further reading Indices Glossaries, when appropriateAll editions are beautifully designed and are printed to superior specifications; some include illustrations of historical interest. Barnes Noble Classics pulls together a constellation of influences-biographical, historical, and literary-to enrich each reader s understanding of these enduring works. Left penniless by the death of his improvident father, young Nicholas Nickleby assumes responsibility for his mother and sister and seeks help from his Scrooge-like Uncle Ralph. Instantly disliking Nicholas, Ralph sends him to teach in a school run by the stupidly sadistic Wackford Squeers."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NHS in Leeds - Europe\u2019s first all-male cheerleading squad ... NHS in Leeds - Europe\u2019s first all-male cheerleading squad to feature in BBC documentary [PAR] Europe\u2019s first all-male cheerleading squad to feature in BBC documentary [PAR] 07 October 2010 [PAR] An innovative public health project, supported by NHS Leeds and Leeds City Council, which lead to the creation of Europe\u2019s first all-male cheerleading squad is to be the focus of a BBC documentary to be screened next week. [PAR] Dance Action Zone Leeds (DAZL) has been supported by NHS Leeds and Leeds City Council since 2004. The project encourages children to dance their way to health and is part of a wider programme of work to tackle childhood obesity in Leeds. [PAR] One of the successes of DAZL has been the number of boys coming through the doors, which helped in setting up Europe\u2019s first ever all-male competitive cheerleading squad - the Peewee Boyz. The squad has already chalked up some notable successes including major trophies at the British Cheerleading Association International Championships. [PAR] Their success has seen them become celebrities in their own right with appearances on MTV, Cbeebies (the BBC\u2019s children\u2019s channel) and features in national and international newspapers. [PAR] Dr Ian Cameron, Director of Public Health for NHS Leeds, says: \u201cWe have been staggered by the success of DAZL and in particular the work of the Peewee Boyz. Their achievements have helped break down some of the barriers that may have stopped young boys from taking part in dance \u2013 an activity that may have traditionally been seen as only for girls. This project demonstrates the value of innovative public health interventions that lead to long-term behaviour changes. We are delighted by the success of the programme and hope it continues.\u201d [PAR] Sue Pennycook, DAZL\u2019s Director, adds: \u201cWe are extremely proud of all the children who have taken part in our sessions for the last 10 years. The Peewee Boyz are in the limelight as Europe\u2019s first all-male cheerleading group but I know all the young people taking part in our programme have done exceptionally well. Finally I would like to thank NHS Leeds and Leeds City Council for supporting the development of the project \u2013 a brave and positive step that has paid off.\u201d [PAR] The Peewee Boyz squad was founded by Ian Rodley, himself a young DAZL participant, who went onto higher education and now leads several of DAZL\u2019s programmes. [PAR] With the support of Cherry Brown, head coach, and Vicky Mawson, tutor, the boys continue to go from strength to strength. This year they have raised \u00a314,000 through benefit performances and bag packing. They have also received support from local businesses including South Leeds and Hunslet Cars and Hesco Bastion. [PAR] You can find out more about DAZL, including details of classes available, by calling 0113 270 6903. [PAR] The BBC documentary \u201cWonderland - Boy Cheerleaders\u201d will be shown on Wednesday 13 October 2010 at 9pm on BBC2. [PAR] Notes [PAR] NHS Leeds [PAR] NHS Leeds is responsible for ensuring that the people of Leeds have access to the health services they need. With a budget of over \u00a31.3 billion, it is one of the largest primary care trusts (PCTs) in the country commissioning (planning and funding) healthcare services for over 750,000 Leeds residents. [PAR] Dance Action Zone Leeds (DAZL) [PAR] DAZL is a community dance project for young people in Leeds, it was established in 2000 as a public Health initiative. It aims to improve the mental and physical health of young women aged 8-25 years through dance activity in disadvantaged"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Choosing an Asthma Specialist: Allergist, Pulmonologist ... Choosing an Asthma Specialist: Allergist, Pulmonologist, and More Types [PAR] Read the How to Understand Your Child's Asthma Action Plan article > > [PAR] Internist. An internist is a doctor who specializes in internal medicine -- the study of diseases in adults, particularly those related to internal organs -- and who has completed three years of training after medical school. [PAR] Pediatrician. A pediatrician is a doctor who has three years of special training after medical school in the care of children from birth though college. A pediatrician can diagnose and treat childhood asthma . [PAR] Pulmonologist. A pulmonologist has taken two or three additional years of training following residency in internal medicine or pediatrics to qualify as a specialist in respiratory diseases. Some pulmonologists may get additional board certification in critical-care medicine. [PAR] Pulmonary Rehabilitation Therapist. While not a physician, this nurse or respiratory therapist is trained in pulmonary rehabilitation techniques and can provide asthma support and information on exercise and asthma , lung function, and stress and asthma . The pulmonary rehabilitation therapist can help educate you on how to care for your symptoms of asthma . [PAR] Questions to Ask When Choosing an Asthma Specialist [PAR] Once you determine the type of asthma specialist you want to see, consider the following questions to help make the best choice: [PAR] Is the doctor board certified? This means that the doctor passed a standard exam given by the governing board in his or her specialty. [PAR] Where did the doctor go to medical school? Your local medical society can provide this information. [PAR] Is the doctor involved in any academic pursuits, such as teaching, writing, or research? Such a doctor may be more up-to-date in the latest developments in the treatment of asthma . [PAR] Where does the doctor have hospital privileges and where are these hospitals located? Some doctors may not admit patients to certain hospitals, and this is an important consideration for anyone with a chronic health problem. [PAR] Does the doctor accept your particular type of health insurance , or is the doctor a member of the medical panel associated with your HMO? [PAR] Changes in medical coverage may mean that the doctor you now see will not be the one you see in a year or two. This makes it even more important to understand your asthma diagnosis fully, stay abreast of treatment methods, and follow your asthma action plan . [PAR] WebMD Medical Reference[DOC] [TLE] What Is a Pediatrician? - WebMD What Is a Pediatrician? [PAR] What Is a Pediatrician? [PAR] Why Do You Need a Pediatrician? [PAR] It's one of the biggest decisions you make before your baby is born. Which pediatrician is the right one for your child? Before you start your search, take a few minutes to learn exactly what this kind of doctor does. It will help you make a better choice and know what to expect when your little one arrives. [PAR] A pediatrician is a doctor who manages the health of your child, including physical, behavior, and mental health issues. He's trained to diagnose and treat childhood illnesses -- from minor health problems to serious diseases. [PAR] Pediatricians have an education that gives them special skills to take care of your child's health. They graduated from medical school and completed a 3-year residency program in pediatrics. [PAR] You'll want to find one who's also \"board-certified.\" That means he's passed rigorous exams given by the American Board of Pediatrics. To stay certified, pediatricians have to meet regular education requirements. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Ancient Greek Medicine? - Medical News Today What Is Ancient Greek Medicine? [PAR] Modern Medicine [PAR] What Is Ancient Greek Medicine? [PAR] As the Egyptian civilization faded, the Greek one emerged around 700 BC. The Greek civilization prevailed until \"the end of antiquity\" around 600 AD. The Greeks were great philosophers and their physicians lent more towards rational thinking when dealing with medicine, compared to the Egyptians. Ancient Greek medicine is probably the basis of modern scientific medicine. [PAR] The first schools to develop in Greece were in Sicilly and Calabria, in what today is Italy. The most famous and influential being the Pythagorean school. Pythagoras, the great mathematician, brought his theory of numbers into the natural sciences - at that time medicine was not yet a definable subject. [PAR] Followers of Pythagoras, Pythagoreans, believed that numbers had precise meanings, especially the numbers 4 and 7. They mentioned that the Bible refers to infinity as 70x7, and that 7x4 is the duration of the lunar month as well as the menstrual cycle (28 days), 7x40 is 280 which is how long a pregnancy is when it reaches full term. They also believed that a baby would enjoy better health if he/she was born on the seventh month rather than the 8th. [PAR] The 40-day quarantine period to avoid disease contagion comes from the idea that the number forty is sacred. [PAR] According to ancient records, another early Greek medical school was set up in Cnidus in 700 BC. Alcmaen worked at this school, where the practice of observing patients began. [PAR] Alcmaeon (circa 500BC) of Croton is considered as one of the most eminent medical theorists and philosophers in ancient history. Some believe he was a student of Pythagoras. He wrote widely on medicine; however, some historians say he was probably a philosopher of science, and perhaps not a physician. As far as we know, he was the first person to wonder about the possible internal causes of illness. He put forward the idea that illness may be caused by environmental problems, nutrition and lifestyle. [PAR] Greek civilization was very different form the Egyptian one. The Egyptian empire was ruled by a monarch, while the Greek system involved several city-states which were ruled by local governments. Athens was democratic, its people voted rulers in, while Macedon was a dictatorship and Sparta was under military rule. Ancient Greece had a variety of systems. [PAR] Apart from being great traders, the Greeks were relatively wealthy; they promoted and enjoyed culture and adored poetry, public debates, politics, architecture, sculpture, comedy and drama. Their writing was phonetic, meaning it could be read out loud; a much more flexible form of written communication compared to the hieroglyphs the Egyptians used. [PAR] Their thirst for logic and logically-based discussions meant that mathematics and science could really develop. Aristotle, a mathematician, thrived in the Greek system. Socrates, a teacher, promoted the concept of asking questions into teaching methodologies. [PAR] From 600 BC onwards, the Greeks became more and more inquisitive about things around them - their discussions on why things exist, why they happen were approached rationally. [PAR] In 600 BC Anaximander put forward the idea that all matter was made up of earth, water, air and fire - which he called elements. It was not long before Greek physicians wondered whether all illnesses and disorders might not have a natural cause, and if so, would they not better respond to natural cures, rather than incantations and attempts at repelling evil spirits, like the Egyptians did. [PAR] Around 300 BC Alexander the Great"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Japanese woman scales Everest - May 16, 1975 - History.com Japanese woman scales Everest - May 16, 1975 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Japanese woman scales Everest [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Via the southeast ridge route, Japanese mountaineer Junko Tabei becomes the first woman to reach the summit of Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain in the world. [PAR] Located in the central Himalayas on the border of China and Nepal, Everest stands 29,035 feet above sea level. Called Chomo-Lungma, or \u201cMother Goddess of the Land,\u201d by the Tibetans, the English named the mountain after Sir George Everest, an early 19th-century British surveyor of the Himalayas. In May 1953, climber and explorer Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay of Nepal made the first successful climb of the peak. Hillary was later knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for the achievement. Ten years later, American James Whittaker reached Everest\u2019s summit with his Sherpa climbing partner, Nawang Gombu. In 1975, Junko Tabei conquered the mountain, and in 1988 Stacy Allison became the first American woman to successfully climb Everest. [PAR] Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! [PAR] Get This Day In History every morning in your inbox![DOC] [TLE] Junko Tabei - Everest History EverestHistory.com: Junko Tabei [PAR] Junko Tabei: (Japan) became the first woman to reach the summit of Everest on 5/16/75 via the South-East Ridge route. [PAR] Junko was born Fukushima Prefecture JAPAN - 1939, went to Showa Women's University and is married with 2 children. She says she was attracted to mountain climbing by the experience of climbing Mt. Nasu with a teacher when she was 10 years old. She began climbing around 1962 after graduating from Showa Women's University where she studied English literature. [PAR] [PAR] She formed women's mountain climbing club \"Ladies Climbing Club: JAPAN (LCC)\" in 1969. Junko became the first woman to reach the Everest peak in 1975. Since then, she has climbed many mountains all over the world, and is the first woman to have achieved the summits of the highest peaks on all seven continents. [PAR] She still climbs at least 3-4 mountains per year. She currently is the director of Himalayan Adventure Trust of Japan (HAT-J), an organization dedicated to preserving the mountain environment. [PAR] Her most notable Summit climb of late: Muztagh Ata 2001"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter Gilchrist - 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 Peter Gilchrist - 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 [PAR] Singapore [PAR] SEA Games veteran Peter Gilchrist is poised to add to his medal collection. [PAR] Competing as a professional Billiards player for more than 20 years, Peter Gilchrist knows a thing or two about bearing the weight of expectations. [PAR] He has three WPBSA World Championships titles, two medals from the Asian Games and six SEA Games medals. In spite of all that success, the 47-year old will take to the table hungry as ever, when the 2015 SEA Games cue sports competition begins at the OCBC Arena. [PAR] \u201cI just can\u2019t wait for it. It\u2019s just really good, having the support. Normally, when you go away for the SEA Games, you don\u2019t really know what to expect. Whereas [PAR] here, we\u2019ve put on a little test match over the weekend, which I thought was a really good idea, because it gave the rest of players a little bit of insight on what it\u2019ll be like when the SEA Games comes around,\u201d Gilchrist pointed out. [PAR] \u201cAt least we know what the arena is going to be like, we can practice on the tables, so there shouldn\u2019t be any excuse.\u201d [PAR] As defending champion for the Men\u2019s English Billiards event, Gilchrist is naturally the favourite to defend his title, but the England-born Singaporean is hoping to secure victory in another category as well. [PAR] \u201cI\u2019ve never won a team gold, in the billiards, or doubles. That\u2019s one that I\u2019ve really wanted to win,\u201d he shared. [PAR] \u201cWe\u2019ve been really unfortunate, the last few SEA Games. Okay, I\u2019ve managed to win the singles, but I\u2019d like to win the team one, because that would mean just as much as the singles, really.\u201d [PAR] The 1988 English Amateur Championship winner\u2019s string of successes has seen him become Singapore\u2019s most recognisable name in cue sports. However, the recent emergence of Aloysius Yapp, winner of the 2014 Under-19 World Junior Championships in nine-ball pool, has the country dreaming of another champion alongside Gilchrist. [PAR] \u201cAloysius Yapp is the world youth champion. He\u2019s a really good player,\u201d Gilchrist stated. [PAR] \u201cI hope the occasion isn\u2019t too much for him, because it\u2019s his first SEA Games, and with it being in Singapore, there\u2019s a lot of expectation on him. If he doesn\u2019t perform, he\u2019s got many, many years ahead. This will be a great experience for him. \u201c [PAR] A good showing by Gilchrist, Yapp and the rest of the Singapore cue sports team would certainly go a long way to boosting the game\u2019s standing in the country. Support them during the 28th SEA Games billiards and snooker competition from 6th to 10th June 2015. [PAR] Billiards & Snooker will be held at the OCBC Arena from June 6 - June 10. Get your tickets here to catch Peter Gilchrist in action!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zoology 1 - Apologia Zoology 1 - Apologia [PAR] Zoology 1 [PAR] Zoology 1: Flying Creatures [PAR] 0 Review(s) [PAR] In this God-honoring study of birds, your child learns about the glorious design and characteristics of flying creatures, including physical characteristics, nesting habits, flight patterns, and more! Your children will learn how to attract various bird species to your yard and identify them by looking at their special physical characteristics, diverse... [PAR] $39.00 [PAR] Zoology 1 Notebooking Journal [PAR] 0 Review(s) [PAR] The activities in this notebooking journal provide everything your child needs to complete the assignments in Exploring Creation with Zoology 1: Flying Creatures of the Fifth Day. In addition to a suggested lesson schedule, it serves as your child's individual notebook and provides a place for them to complete every assignment, record their experiments,... [PAR] $27.00"
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    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Navicular - definition of navicular by The Free Dictionary Navicular - definition of navicular by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Navicular - definition of navicular by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/navicular [PAR] Related to navicular: Navicular fossa [PAR] na\u00b7vic\u00b7u\u00b7lar [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. A comma-shaped bone of the human wrist, located in the first row of carpals. [PAR] 2. A concave bone of the human foot, located between the talus and the metatarsals. In both senses also called scaphoid. [PAR] adj. [PAR] Shaped like a boat; scaphoid. [PAR] [From Latin n\u0101vicula, boat, diminutive of n\u0101vis, ship; see n\u0101u- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] [PAR] navicular [PAR] (Anatomy) a small boat-shaped bone of the wrist or foot [PAR] [C16: from Late Latin n\u0101vicul\u0101ris, from Latin n\u0101vicula, diminutive of n\u0101vis ship] [PAR] na\u2022vic\u2022u\u2022lar [PAR] 1. boat-shaped, as certain bones. [PAR] n. [PAR] 2. the bone at the radial end of the proximal row of the bones of the carpus. [PAR] 3. the bone in front of the talus on the inner side of the foot. [PAR] [1535\u201345; < Late Latin n\u0101vicul\u0101ris of, relating to shipping = Latin n\u0101vicul(a) a small ship (n\u0101vi(s) ship + -cula -cule 1) + -\u0101ris -ar 1] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] carpal , carpal bone , wrist bone - any of the eight small bones of the wrist of primates [PAR] Adj. [PAR] anatomy , general anatomy - the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals [PAR] formed - having or given a form or shape [PAR] Translations [PAR] a. en forma de nave; [PAR] ___ abdomen \u2192 abdomen ___; [PAR] ___ bone \u2192 hueso ___; [PAR] ___ fossa of urethra \u2192 fosa ___ de la uretra. [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Reports: Yao could miss season [PAR] Palpal coxae and trochanters reddish orange, more distal segments orange; second trochanters and femora with white, navicular setae, trochanters and femora with small tubercles, densest on posterior surfaces; coxae with long, white setae, without thickened white setae posteriorly; tibiae with short, stiff setae but without tubercles. [PAR] Bones chewed by canids as evidence for human excarnation: a British case study [PAR] They also include a recommendation for an x-ray of the foot if there is pain in the mid-foot zone with bony tenderness at either the base of the 5th metatarsal or the navicular, or an inability to weight bear for more than four steps immediately following the injury (Stiell, Greenberg et al.[DOC] [TLE] Navicular | Define Navicular at Dictionary.com Navicular | Define Navicular at Dictionary.com [PAR] navicular [PAR] [nuh-vik-yuh-ler] /n\u0259\u02c8v\u026ak y\u0259 l\u0259r/ Anatomy [PAR] Spell [PAR] 2. [PAR] Also, naviculare [PAR] [nuh-vik-yuh-lair-ee, -lahr-ee] /n\u0259\u02ccv\u026ak y\u0259\u02c8l\u025b\u0259r i, -\u02c8l\u0251r i/ (Show IPA). the bone at the radial end of the proximal row of the bones of the carpus. [PAR] 3. [PAR] the bone in front of the talus on the inner side of the foot. [PAR] Origin of navicular [PAR] Late Latin [PAR] 1535-1545 [PAR] 1535-45; < Late Latin n\u0101vicul\u0101ris of, relating to shipping, equivalent to Latin n\u0101vicul(a) a small ship (n\u0101vi(s) ship + -cula -cule 1; ) + -\u0101ris -ar 1 [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for navicular [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] The Vertebrate Skeleton Sidney H. Reynolds [PAR] Obscure lameness; foot suspected of navicular disease; very lame. [PAR] The Vertebrate Skeleton Sidney H. Reynolds [PAR] Its posterior part shows a transversely elongated facet for articulation with the navicular"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is calamari ? - Recipes for Home Cooking What is Calamari and What Does It Taste Like? [PAR] What is Calamari and What Does It Taste Like? [PAR] What is Calamari and What Does It Taste Like? [PAR] TheCrimsonMonkey / Getty Images [PAR] What is calamari? Is it squid? [PAR] Answer: Calamari is indeed squid. [PAR] The squid is a mollusk related to the cuttlefish and octopus. It has ten tentacles, and like its cousin, the octopus, it also has a protective mechanism which releases a dark ink into the water when it senses danger. [PAR] The meat is firm and white with a mild, slightly sweet and almost nutty flavor. The squid ranges from one inch in size up to eighty feet, but the most common size for eating is less than twelve inches. [PAR] Although the tentacles are edible, the body is the prime section of meat which can be stuffed whole, cut into flat pieces, or sliced crosswise into perfect rings. [PAR] Squid lends itself to just about every cooking method imaginable and is often eaten raw in sushi dishes. Squid is available fresh, canned, frozen, dried and pickled. [PAR] Squid is also known as calamari, its Italian name. Since calamari seems to sound more palatable than squid, you'll most often see squid recipes listed as calamari on restaurant menus. [PAR] More about Squid and Calamari:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does PORT SAID stand for? - Abbreviations.com What does PORT SAID stand for? [PAR] We've got 0 definitions for PORT SAID \u00bb [PAR] What does PORT SAID stand for? [PAR] What does PORT SAID mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: PORT SAID. [PAR] We couldn't find any results for your search. [PAR] Couldn't find the right meaning of PORT SAID? [PAR] Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations: [PAR] ... or use our Power Search technology to look [PAR] for more unique definitions from across the web! [PAR] What does PORT SAID mean? [PAR] Port Said [PAR] Port Said is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about 30 kilometres along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787. The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Suez Canal. Port Said has been ranked the second among the Egyptian cities according to the Human Development Index in 2009 and 2010, the economic base of the city is fishing and industries, like chemicals, processed food, and cigarettes. Port Said is also an important harbour for exports of Egyptian products like cotton and rice, but also a fueling station for ships that pass through the Suez Canal. It thrives on being a duty-free port, as well as a tourist resort especially during summer. It is home to the Lighthouse of Port Said. There are numerous old houses with grand balconies on all floors, giving the city a distinctive look. Port Said's twin city is Port Fuad, which lies on the eastern bank of the canal. The two cities coexist, to the extent that there hardly is any town centre in Port Fuad. The cities are connected by free ferries running all through the day, and together they form a metropolitan area with over a million residents that extends both on the African and the Asian sides of the Suez Canal. The only other metropolitan area in the world that also spans two continents is Istanbul. [PAR] Discuss these PORT SAID abbreviations with the community: [PAR] Know the definition for PORT SAID ? Know the meaning of PORT SAID ? Don't keep it to yourself! [PAR] Add it HERE!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Corpse Bride (2005) - IMDb Corpse Bride (2005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When a shy groom practices his wedding vows in the inadvertent presence of a deceased young woman, she rises from the grave assuming he has married her. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 10 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 15 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 18 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Corpse Bride \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 9 wins & 26 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Jack Skellington, king of Halloween Town, discovers Christmas Town, but his attempts to bring Christmas to his home cause confusion. [PAR] Director: Henry Selick [PAR] An adventurous girl finds another world that is a strangely idealized version of her frustrating home, but it has sinister secrets. [PAR] Director: Henry Selick [PAR] Young Victor conducts a science experiment to bring his beloved dog Sparky back to life, only to face unintended, sometimes monstrous, consequences. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Nineteen-year-old Alice returns to the magical world from her childhood adventure, where she reunites with her old friends and learns of her true destiny: to end the Red Queen's reign of terror. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] To save her father from death in the army, a young maiden secretly goes in his place and becomes one of China's greatest heroines in the process. [PAR] Directors: Tony Bancroft, Barry Cook [PAR] Stars: Ming-Na Wen, Eddie Murphy, BD Wong [PAR] A mermaid princess makes a Faustian bargain with an unscrupulous sea-witch in order to meet a human prince on land. [PAR] Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker [PAR] Stars: Jodi Benson, Rene Auberjonois, Christopher Daniel Barnes [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] A rat who can cook makes an unusual alliance with a young kitchen worker at a famous restaurant. [PAR] Directors: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava [PAR] Stars: Brad Garrett, Lou Romano, Patton Oswalt [PAR] After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. [PAR] Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker [PAR] Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin [PAR] The magically long-haired Rapunzel has spent her entire life in a tower, but now that a runaway thief has stumbled upon her, she is about to discover the world for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Starboard side - Port side - AceBoater.com Starboard side - Port side - AceBoater.com [PAR] A clear and comprehensive course. Sign Up for Free [PAR] My Profile [PAR] Search [PAR] Starboard side - Port side [PAR] The sidelights are coloured either red or green. The sidelights determine the priority on the water: the color displayed on the starboard side is green and the red light is on the port side. The sidelights are located in front of the boat. They each displaying a constant beam and affixed in a manner that the light is projected to the front and sides allow you to determine if the oncoming craft is heading towards you or from one side or another. [PAR] They are used to give a person a visual picture of which side of the vessel they are looking at in darkness or reduced visibility. Depending on the situation they will determine who has the right of way in a meeting or crossing situation. If you see a red running light at night crossing or meeting you most likely are the give-way vessel and do not have the right of way. If you see green you most likely are the stand-on vessel and have the right of way. [PAR] IF YOU LIKED THIS PAGE, YOU COULD ALSO LIKE THESE ONES:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The longest fence in the world: Boundary that stretches ... The longest fence in the world: Boundary that stretches for 3,500 miles across south-east Australia... to keep dingoes at bay | Daily Mail Online [PAR] It stretches the equivalent distance of London to New York and costs a staggering \u00a3550,000 a year to maintain. [PAR] This is the world's longest fence - and it's there just to keep dingoes out of south-east Australia. [PAR] The Dingo Fence is almost 3,500 miles long and separates dingoes from the fertile land in the south-east, where sheep and cattle graze. [PAR] Boundary bonanza: Map showing where the world's longest fence runs to keep dingoes out of south Australia [PAR] Pricey: The fence, which is made of wire mesh and timber posts, costs \u00a3550,000 to maintain each year [PAR] These pictures were taken by amateur photographer Kevin Trotman on a recent holiday. [PAR] Mr Thomas, 54, said: 'I travelled to the Red Centre, where Ayre's Rock is and I caught sight of some wild dingoes in the outback which I quickly took a picture of. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] 'I was surprised to see that there are few animals in that part of the country that take care of road kill on a regular basis. [PAR] 'Therefore, when we came across a dead kangaroo on the roadside, it was almost mummified. [PAR] Keep out! The Dingo Fence is almost 3,500 miles long and separates dingoes from the fertile land in the south-east, where sheep and cattle graze [PAR] Nuisance: The dingo is the largest terrestrial predator in Australia and is considered a pest by sheep farmers due to its frequent attacks on livestock [PAR] 'I'm sure if dingoes had access to these, they would eat well and those carcasses would be minimised. I would say the fence does its job well. [PAR] 'Being an avid amateur photographer, I tried to take as many photos as I could.' [PAR] The fence was built in the early 1900s and is still successful today, although a few dingoes have managed to slip through the net and ended up in the southern states. [PAR] The fence, which is one of the longest structures in the world, costs around \u00a3550,000 to maintain each year and consists of wire mesh and timber posts. [PAR] The dingo is the largest terrestrial predator in Australia and is considered a pest by sheep farmers due to its frequent attacks on livestock.[DOC] [TLE] The No1 Rabbit Proof Fence: The Longest Fence in the World The No1 Rabbit Proof Fence [PAR] The No1 Rabbit Proof Fence [PAR] The Longest Fence in The World [PAR] The most devastating and destructive pest ever introduced into Australia was undoubtedly the rabbit. The cause of the plague is generally accepted to be the introduction of 24 rabbits in 1859 by Thomas Austen of Barvon Park near Geelong. [PAR] By the 1890's the rabbits were in plague proportions with hundreds of thousands being poisoned in NSW. In Western Australia rabbits were at Fowlers Bay about 1891 and at Eyres Patch, 200 miles beyond the border in 1896. [PAR] Using camels for transport, in 1896 Mason led an expedition in the South Eastern part of Western Australia, under instruction from the Western Australian Under Secretary for Lands to check on reports of rabbits. Mason recommended a barrier fence be built for several hundred miles along the State border. [PAR] A Royal Commission in 1901 resulted in a decision to build a barrier fence across the State from a point on the south coast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Capital of Jordan? - Capital-of.com What is the Capital of Jordan? - Capital-of.com [PAR] Dates of religious and Civil [PAR] holidays around the world. [PAR] www.when-is.com [PAR] Capital of Jordan [PAR] The Capital City of Jordan (officially named Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) is the city of Amman. The population of Amman in the year 2008 was 6,198,677. [PAR] Jordan is an Arabic speaking country on the coasts of the Dead Sea and Red Sea. [PAR] Additional Information[DOC] [TLE] Amman | national capital, Jordan | Britannica.com Amman | national capital, Jordan | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, Jordan [PAR] Alternative Titles: \u02bfAmm\u0101n, Philadelphia, Rabbath Ammon [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] \u1e24ussein [PAR] Amman, Arabic \u02bfAmm\u0101n, biblical Hebrew Rabbath Ammon, ancient Greek Philadelphia , capital and largest city of Jordan . It is the residence of the king and the seat of government. The city is built on rolling hills at the eastern boundary of the \u02bfAjl\u016bn Mountains, on the small, partly perennial Wadi \u02bfAmm\u0101n and its tributaries. [PAR] Dwellings rising behind the Roman theatre, Amman, Jordan. [PAR] Ara Guler, Istanbul [PAR] Amman\u2019s focus of settlement throughout history has been the small high triangular plateau (modern Mount Al-Qal\u02bfah) just north of the wadi. Fortified settlements have existed there since remote antiquity; the earliest remains are of the Chalcolithic Age (c. 4000\u2013c. 3000 bce). Later the city became capital of the Ammonites , a Semitic people frequently mentioned in the Bible ; the biblical and modern names both trace back to \u201cAmmon.\u201d The \u201croyal city\u201d taken by King David\u2019s general Joab (II Samuel 12:26) was probably the acropolis atop the plateau. King David sent Uriah the Hittite to his death in battle before the walls of the city so that he might marry his wife, Bathsheba (II Samuel 11); the incident is also a part of Muslim folklore. The population of the Ammonite cities was much reduced under King David. David\u2019s son Solomon (flourished 10th century bce) had Ammonite wives in his harem, one of whom became the mother of Rehoboam, Solomon\u2019s successor as king of Judah. [PAR] Amman declined in later centuries. In the 3rd century bce it was conquered by Egypt\u2019s King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (reigned 285\u2013246 bce), and he renamed it Philadelphia after himself; the name was retained through Byzantine and Roman times. Philadelphia was a city of the Decapolis (Greek: \u201cTen Cities\u201d), a Hellenistic league of the 1st century bce\u20132nd century ce. In ce 106 it was included in the Roman province of Arabia and rebuilt by the Romans; some fine ruins of their rule in this period have survived. With the coming of Christianity, it became a bishopric among the sees of Palestina Tertia subject to Bostra . [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Irbid [PAR] At the rise of Islam , Amman was taken by the Arab general Yaz\u012bd ibn Ab\u012b Sufy\u0101n in ce 635; by about 1300 it had entirely disappeared, from causes unknown to historians. In 1878 the Ottoman Turks resettled the site with Circassian refugees from Russia; it remained a small village until after World War I . [PAR] After the war Transjordan became part of the Palestine mandate , but the British government, as mandatory, effectively severed it from western Palestine (1921) and established a protected emirate of Transjordan, under the rule of \u02bfAbdull\u0101h , son of \u1e24usayn ibn \u02bfAl\u012b , then king of the Hejaz and sharif of Mecca . Amman soon became capital of this new state; its modern development began in this period and was accelerated by Jordanian independence (1946). The city grew rapidly; the urban area received a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Insider (1999) - IMDb The Insider (1999) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] A research chemist comes under personal and professional attack when he decides to appear in a \"60 Minutes\" expose on Big Tobacco. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 04 Oct 2010 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 27 Oct 2010 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 10 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 13 Mar 2015 [PAR] Search for \" The Insider \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 7 Oscars. Another 23 wins & 50 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] An FBI undercover agent infiltrates the mob and finds himself identifying more with the mafia life, at the expense of his regular one. [PAR] Director: Mike Newell [PAR] A Puerto Rican former convict, just released from prison, pledges to stay away from drugs and violence despite the pressure around him and lead on to a better life outside of N.Y.C. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] The true story about an honest New York cop who blew the whistle on rampant corruption in the force only to have his comrades turn against him. [PAR] Director: Sidney Lumet [PAR] A prep school student needing money agrees to \"babysit\" a blind man, but the job is not at all what he anticipated. [PAR] Director: Martin Brest [PAR] Two Los Angeles homicide detectives are dispatched to a northern town where the sun doesn't set to investigate the methodical murder of a local teen. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] A cab driver finds himself the hostage of an engaging contract killer as he makes his rounds from hit to hit during one night in Los Angeles. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] An exceptionally adept Florida lawyer is offered a job to work in New York City for a high-end law firm with a high-end boss - the biggest opportunity of his career to date. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] The Feds try to take down notorious American gangsters John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson and Pretty Boy Floyd during a booming crime wave in the 1930s. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] An examination of the machinations behind the scenes at a real estate office. [PAR] Director: James Foley [PAR] A man robs a bank to pay for his lover's operation; it turns into a hostage situation and a media circus. [PAR] Director: Sidney Lumet [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Balls-out \"60 Minutes\" producer Lowell Bergman sniffs a story when a former research biologist for Brown & Williamson, Jeff Wigand, won't talk to him. When the company leans hard on Wigand to honor a confidentiality agreement, he gets his back up. Trusting Bergman and despite a crumbling marriage, he goes on camera for a Mike Wallace interview and risks arrest for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh \u2013 Facts about the ... The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh \u2013 Facts about the Painting [PAR] Outskirts of Paris , 1887 [PAR] Vincent van Gogh was known to be one of the famous and well-renowned painters in the history of art. His works were considered by the world, the works of a genius. One of his masterpieces which brought him to the portals of fame and honor was the widely known and esteemed, The Starry Night. [PAR] The Reason for Fame [PAR] One may ask why The Starry Night is so popular. One might say perhaps it is because of the stars that make you dream. Vincent van Gogh, himself, described it literally as not one of the important pieces of art that he made. He, the creator of the masterpiece, probably had missed what was so mystical about the painting. [PAR] Painting Features [PAR] The painting features a scene of a Dutch-looking town. It is mainly composed of stars ablaze in their own luminescence, picturesque town structures, and a bright crescent moon. The painting is exaggerated, as stated by van Gogh himself. It is like a replica of a beautiful night. A viewer might imagine himself in the scene, observing the night in peace and amazement. The night sky keeps the viewer\u2019s eyes moving about the painting while following the curves and creating a dot pattern caused by its swirly pattern. [PAR] There are rolling hills that generate an aura of serenity from the town structures. The silent yet bright and fiery dark shades from the window of the structures could spark a viewer\u2019s curiosity of the wonderful dark and starry skies. [PAR] A mysterious entity is then shown in the left of the portrait. It can be interpreted in different ways depending on who is viewing it. It creates a visual similarity from its pattern with the night sky. This similarity creates a sensation of depth in the artwork. [PAR] The Artist [PAR] Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutchman born on the 30th of March, 1853. He was known to be a painter of the post-impressionist style. Post-impressionism was used to describe the maturation of French art since Manet. Vincent practiced the used of vivid colors, distinctive brush strokes, thick application of paint, and unwavering subject matter about the realities of life. [PAR] On the other hand, rumors about his death became widely known, positing that the artist died due to an illness brought about by incoherence and inactivity. [PAR] Other Works [PAR] The Starry Night was just one of Van Gogh\u2019s many works. He grew up loving to draw and later matured as an artist. He had 2,100 artworks, including 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolor paintings, drawings, prints, and sketches. He mostly focused on drawing portraits, including himself and delicately beautiful things like flowers and scenic wheat fields. [PAR] Some magnificent works of Vincent Van Gogh include: At Eternity\u2019s Gate, Bedroom in Arles, Caf\u00e9 Terrace at Night, and The Potato Eaters. [PAR] Oil Painting [PAR] The Starry Night was made with oil paint. It involves pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil. The output of the process varies according to the painter\u2019s choice of pigments and effects. It often shows sign of consistency in the painting. [PAR] Oil Painting was first used by Indian and Chinese painters for their Buddhist Paintings. Its origin started in western Afghanistan and later migrated to the west during the Middle Ages. [PAR] 5 responses to \u201cThe Starry Night\u201d[DOC] [TLE] Starry Night by Vincent"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National campaign highlights Red Cross UK services National campaign highlights Red Cross UK services [PAR] National campaign highlights Red Cross UK services [PAR] National campaign highlights Red Cross UK services [PAR] 21 September 2012 [PAR] The British Red Cross has launched a compelling nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the support it offers throughout the UK . [PAR] A TV advert aired nationally from Monday September 24 as part of the charity\u2019s first UK-wide drive to reach the public. [PAR] Sir Nicholas Young, British Red Cross chief executive, said: \u201cPeople often associate us with providing aid in disaster-struck countries. But it is not only communities overseas that need Red Cross support. Last year we helped more than a million people in crisis in the UK.\u201d [PAR] Refusing to ignore people in crisis [PAR] The Red Cross believes a crisis includes everything from a house fire to an illness that leaves someone struggling to cope alone \u2013 and provides a range of services nationwide to help those affected. [PAR] The organisation has seen an increase in the amount of people in crisis, and figures show that the number of people using Red Cross services \u2013 such as emergency response teams, care in the home programmes and first aid provision \u2013 stands at almost 1.1million in the last 12 months. [PAR] \u201cWe expect the number of people in need of our services to rise further, yet almost 90 per cent of the public don\u2019t even realise we have so much local support on offer that can ease the burden,\u201d said Sir Nicholas. [PAR] He added: \u201cFrom our emergency teams who help when a community is hit by flooding or a fire, to our health and social care services for the elderly and vulnerable \u2013 we step in to help people who need it most.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Hand, arm and shoulder massage [PAR] International family tracing [PAR] We educate people in life-saving skills, enabling them to respond to emergencies. [PAR] Your town or postcode [PAR] We sell and need: good quality clothes, designer brands, books, furniture and more. [PAR] Your town or postcode"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Piedmont | Italy Travel Guide Piedmont \u2013 Italy Travel Guide [PAR] Where to Go in Piedmont [PAR] Piedmont: Fast Facts [PAR] Piedmont is the English name for the region \u2013 the Italian name is Piemonte, which is pronounced pee|eh|MON|teh. [PAR] The capital of Piedmont is Turin (which is Torino \u2013 toh|REE|noh) \u2013 in Italian). [PAR] There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Piedmont \u2013 the residences of the Royal House of Savoy in and around Turin, and the Sacri Monti (nine 16th-17th century chapels and other religious buildings). [PAR] Piedmont is bordered by the Italian regions of Aosta Valley, Lombardy, Liguria, and Emilia-Romagna, and it also shares borders with France and Switzerland. [PAR] Famous people from the Piedmont region include Vittorio Emanuele II (the first King of a united Italy whose name appears on monuments and streets all over the country), Giovanni Agnelli (founder of the FIAT car company), Cesare Pavese (20th century writer), and Paolo Conte (singer and pianist). [PAR] People from Piedmont are called piemontesi (plural). The singular version is piemontese. [PAR] Where to Stay in Piedmont [PAR] Piedmont may be famous for its mountainous landscapes, beautiful lakes, and acres of vineyards, but just because many of your accommodation options may be away from big cities doesn\u2019t mean they\u2019re all rustic. In fact, some of the most high-end hotels and B&Bs in the region are in places like the towns surrounding Lake Maggiore. [PAR] Agriturismo is popular in Piedmont, as many of the vineyards and other agricultural operations in the region have opened their doors to overnight visitors, and in the larger cities and towns you\u2019ll also find the usual range of hotels and hostels. For longer stays, a vacation rental in the region is an excellent opportunity to take advantage of the local bounty and try your hand at some of the famous Piedmont recipes. [PAR] DOWNLOAD OUR TRAVEL GUIDES [PAR] DOWNLOAD NOW [PAR] [PAR] One thing to keep in mind is that if you\u2019re planning to stay at a more rural B&B or a vacation rental, or if the town where you\u2019ve chosen your hotel or hostel doesn\u2019t have a good-sized train station, you\u2019re likely to need a car to get around. [PAR] Here are some links to articles about hotels and hostels in some of the cities in Piedmont: [PAR] Agriturismo in Piedmont [PAR] What to Do & See in Piedmont [PAR] Even before the snow-capped mountains of the Italian Alps served as the gorgeous backdrop for the 2006 Winter Olympics, the ski resorts of Piedmont were well-known. They\u2019re popular each winter season with Italians, other Europeans, and visitors from further afield. Summer travelers can still enjoy the resort areas, as hiking is a great way to see the region. [PAR] Wine and food enthusiasts will have a fantastic time eating their way through the region, especially if they\u2019re visiting during truffle season, wine harvest season, or Turin\u2019s chocolate festival. Some of the best-known wines from Piedmont are also some of the best-known Italian wines \u2013 Barolo, Barbaresco, Nebbiolo, Barbera, and Dolcetto \u2013 but there\u2019s another food-related export from Piedmont that was once the favorite chocolatey discovery of teenagers traveling through Europe and is now available at grocery stores the world over. Yes, I\u2019m talking about Nutella \u2013 the chocolate-hazelnut flavor combination is called gianduia in Piedmont, but it\u2019s become a household name throughout the rest of the world as Nutella. [PAR] Piedmont has several attractions related to its one-time royal family, the House of Savoy, and its status as the original capital of Italy, including the Palazzo Reale and Castello del"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Radish - Vegetable Directory - Watch Your Garden Grow ... Radish - Vegetable Directory - Watch Your Garden Grow - University of Illinois Extension [PAR] University of Illinois Extension [PAR] Alert: Making Pesticide Applications in School/Community Gardens [PAR] Radish [PAR] Radish is a cool-season, fast-maturing, easy-to-grow vegetable. Garden radishes can be grown wherever there is sun and moist, fertile soil, even on the smallest city lot. Early varieties usually grow best in the cool days of early spring, but some later-maturing varieties can be planted for summer use. The variety French Breakfast holds up and grows better than most early types in summer heat if water is supplied regularly. Additional sowings of spring types can begin in late summer, to mature in the cooler, more moist days of fall. Winter radishes are sown in midsummer to late summer, much as fall turnips. They are slower to develop than spring radishes; and they grow considerably larger, remain crisp longer, are usually more pungent and hold in the ground or store longer than spring varieties. [PAR] Recommended Varieties [PAR] Burpee White (25 days to harvest; round; smooth white skin) [PAR] Champion (28 days, large, round, red) [PAR] Cherry Belle (22 days, round, red) [PAR] Cherry Queen Hybrid (24 days, deep red, round, slow to become pithy) [PAR] Early Scarlet Globe (23 days; globe-shaped, small taproot, bright red) [PAR] Easter Egg (25 days; large, oval; color mix includes reddish purple, lavender, pink, rose, scarlet, white) [PAR] Fuego (25 days; round, red; medium tops; resistant to fusarium, tolerant to blackroot/black scurf) [PAR] Plum Purple (25 days, rounded, large, deep magenta) [PAR] Snow Belle (30 days, attractive, round, white, smooth) [PAR] For Spring or Summer Use [PAR] French Breakfast (23 days, oblong red with white tip) [PAR] Icicle (25 days, long, slim, tapered white) [PAR] Winter (for storage) [PAR] China Rose (52 days, white) [PAR] Chinese White (60 days; large, long, square-shouldered, blunt-tipped, creamy white roots) [PAR] Round Black Spanish (55 days; rough, black skin, white flesh) [PAR] Tama Hybrid (70 days; daikon type; roots as long as 18 inches, with 3 inch diameter; smooth, white; blunt tip) [PAR] When to Plant [PAR] Spring radishes should be planted from as early as the soil can be worked until mid-spring. Make successive plantings of short rows every 10 to 14 days. Plant in spaces between slow-maturing vegetables (such as broccoli and brussels sprouts) or in areas that will be used later for warm-season crops (peppers, tomatoes and squash). Spring radishes also can be planted in late winter in a protected cold frame, window box or container in the house or on the patio. Later-maturing varieties of radishes (Icicle or French Breakfast ) usually withstand heat better than the early maturing varieties and are recommended for late-spring planting for summer harvest. Winter radishes require a much longer time to mature than spring radishes and are planted at the same time as late turnips (usually midsummer to late summer). [PAR] Spacing & Depth [PAR] Sow seed 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep. Thin spring varieties to 1/2 to 1 inch between plants. Winter radishes must be thinned to 2 to 4 inches, or even farther apart to allow for proper development of their larger roots. On beds, radishes may be broadcast lightly and thinned to stand 2 to 3 inches apart in all directions. [PAR] Care [PAR] Radishes grow well in almost any soil that is prepared well, is fertilized before planting and has adequate moisture maintained. Slow development makes radishes hot in taste and woody in texture. [PAR] Radishes mature rapidly under favorable conditions and should"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Latin phrases and quotes - FunOnTheNet Latin phrases and quotes [PAR] Live Auto Updating Latest Topics! [PAR] Latin phrases and quotes [PAR] Topic: Latin phrases and quotes (Read 36647 times) [PAR] 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing th topic. [PAR] Blakkheim [PAR] \u00ab on: July 14, 2006, 11:42:01 PM \u00bb [PAR] Today i'll share my big collection of latin phrases and quotes. Enjoi! [PAR] A [PAR] A bene placito - At one's pleasure [PAR] A capite ad calcem - From head to heel [PAR] A cappella - In church [style] - i.e. Vocal music only [PAR] A contrario - From a contrary position [PAR] A cruce salus - From the cross comes salvation [PAR] A Deo et Rege - From God and the King [PAR] A fortiori - With yet stronger reason [PAR] A fronte praecipitium a tergo lupi - A precipice in front, wolves behind (between a rock and a hard place) [PAR] A mari usque ad mare - From sea to sea (Motto of Canada) [PAR] A mensa et thoro - From board and bed (legal separation) [PAR] A pedibus usque ad caput - From feet to head [PAR] A posse ad esse - From possibility to actuality [PAR] A posteriori - From what comes after. Inductive reasoning based on observation, as opposed to deductive, or a priori [PAR] A priori - From what comes before [PAR] A verb ad verbera - From words to blows [PAR] Ab absurdo - From the absurd (establhing the validity of your argument by pointing out the absurdity of your opponent's position) [PAR] Ab aeterno - From the beginning of time [PAR] Ab asino lanam - Wool from an ass, blood from a stone impossible [PAR] Ab hinc - From here on [PAR] Ab imo pectore - From the bottom of the chest. (from the heart) (Julius Caesar) [PAR] Ab incunabul - From the cradle [PAR] Ab initio - From the beginning [PAR] Ab intestato - Having made no will [PAR] Ab origine - From the origin [PAR] Ab ovo usque ad mala - From the egg right to the apples (From start to finh) (Horace) [PAR] Ab ovo - From the egg [PAR] Ab urbe condita - From the foundation of the city. (Rome) [PAR] Ab/Ex uno dce omnes - From one person, learn all people [PAR] Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit - He has left, absconded, escaped and dappeared [PAR] Absente reo - In absence of the defendant [PAR] Absit invidia - No offence intended [PAR] Absit omen - May the omen be absent. (may th not be an omen) [PAR] Absum! - I'm outta here! [PAR] Abusus non tollit usum - Wrong use does not preclude proper use [PAR] Abutebar modo subjunctivo denuo - You've been musing the subjunctive again [PAR] Abyssus abyssum invocat - Hell calls hell; one mtep leads to another [PAR] Accipere quam facere praestat injuriam - It better to suffer an injustice than to do an injustice [PAR] Acta est fabula, plaudite! - The play over, applaud! (Said to have been emperor Augustus' last words) [PAR] Acta non verba - Action not words [PAR] Acta sanctorum - Deeds of the saints [PAR] Actus reus - Wrongful act - as opposed to mens rea - the wrongful intention or guilty mind [PAR] Ad absurdum - To the point of absurdity [PAR] Ad acta - To archives. Not actual any more [PAR] Ad alta - To the summit [PAR] Ad astra per aspera - To the stars through difficulty [PAR] Ad astra - To the stars [PAR] Ad augusta per angusta - To high places"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] She\u2019s the Man (2006) \u2013 Movie Reviews She\u2019s the Man (2006) \u2013 Movie Reviews [PAR] Categories Movie Reviews , Uncategorized [PAR] She\u2019s the Man is a 2006 American romantic film directed by Andy Fickman, inspired by William Shakespeare\u2019s play Twelfth Night. The film stars Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, Laura Ramsey, and Vinnie Jones. [PAR] Plot: Viola Hastings (Amanda Bynes) is a teenage girl who plays for her high school soccer team. When the school suddenly cuts the girls\u2019 team, Viola requests to join the boys\u2019 team instead but is refused by their misogynistic coach. Meanwhile her twin brother, Sebastian (James Kirk) is supposed to enroll in Illyria, an elite boarding school, but he secretly goes to London for a contest with his fledging band instead. Viola agrees to cover for him by informing the school he is sick but, unbeknownst to him, she decides to pass herself off as Sebastian in hopes of joining their boy\u2019s team and beating Cornwall in an upcoming game to prove their coach and her cocky ex-boyfriend, Justin (Robert Hoffman), wrong. With the help of her stylist friend, Paul (Jonathan Sadowski), she is transformed into \u201cSebastian\u201d and joins Illyria in his place. [PAR] While moving in, she meets her roommate, Duke Orsino (Channing Tatum), an attractive soccer player and Illyria\u2019s team captain. During tryouts, Viola fails to impress Coach Dinklage (Vinnie Jones) and is assigned to second string, much to her dismay. Her teammates including Duke initially dislike \u201cSebastian\u201d due to his awkward and strange behaviour. However, with help from Paul once again, they begin to accept him into their social circle. At one point, Sebastian\u2019s arrogant girlfriend, Monique (Alex Breckenridge), who is unaware that he is in London almost catches Viola but she manages to escape, \u201cbreaking up\u201d with Monique in the process. \u201cSebastian\u201d then gets the popular and pretty Olivia (Laura Ramsey) as his lab partner, which frustrates Duke as he has feelings for her. \u201cSebastian\u201d agrees to put in a good word for Duke if he promises to train him to be a better soccer player. Coach Dinklage eventually notices \u201cSebastian\u2019s\u201d effort and improvement, thus promoting him to first string. [PAR] At the Junior League carnival that the siblings promised their mother to attend, \u201cSebastian\u201d is forced to switch between herself (Viola) and Sebastian while trying to avoid their mother and Monique. At the kissing booth, Olivia\u2019s shift is over right before Duke gets to kiss her. It is now Viola\u2019s shift instead and the two share a passionate kiss, only to be interrupted by Justin followed by a fist fight between Duke and Justin. Duke expresses to \u201cSebastian\u201d that he might move on from Olivia as he is starting to like Viola now. Viola is delighted as she secretly feels the same way. [PAR] Olivia who now has a crush on \u201cSebastian\u201d asks Duke out on a date in hopes that it will make \u201cSebastian\u201d jealous. Viola who is unaware of Olivia\u2019s true intentions is enraged instead because Duke has now abandoned his interest in Viola. When Viola finds out the truth, she encourages Olivia to tell Sebastian directly about her feelings. [PAR] The situation becomes even more complicated when the real Sebastian returns from London a day early unbeknownst to Viola. As soon as he arrives at Illyria, Olivia confesses her feelings and kisses him. Duke, seeing this, believes his roommate has betrayed him. When \u201cSebastian\u201d returns to their room, the two have an argument and Duke kicks him out. The real Sebastian returns to the room much later when Duke is asleep. Viola stays in Eunice\u2019s room"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rugby Dictionary; Terminology | Bleacher Report Rugby Dictionary; Terminology | Bleacher Report [PAR] Rugby Dictionary; Terminology [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse more stories [PAR] (Photo by David Rogers/Getty Images) [PAR] 3.0K [PAR] 0 [PAR] Comments [PAR] If you play rugby or just enjoy watching it, you will always have an idea on what is happening on the field, you\u2019ll scream from anger when your favorite player will get tackled in the head, because you\u2019ll know that a rule was broken, you\u2019ll always jump from excitement when you\u2019ll see a thunderous tackle performed, because it is legal, and surely you will cry from happiness when your favorite team will score a game winning try on the last minute, because it\u2019s just the way you wanted it be. [PAR] [PAR] But almost everyone (some of the readers are professionals, which means they understand everything) will agree with me that there are moments when you just don\u2019t understand what\u2019s going on during the match. [PAR] [PAR] Referee shouts a word that you have no idea about, players start moving in a strange direction and you don\u2019t understand why, a yellow card is pulled out without a reason (at least you think so) and so on. Nobody\u2019s knowledge about this sport is perfect, including mine, so I decided to write this article to make some terms and situations clearer. [PAR] Most of the terminology you\u2019ll understand, but I\u2019m sure there will be a word or two you haven\u2019t heard and would like to know. [PAR] [PAR] So here is the rugby terminology: [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ankle tap [PAR] An ankle-tap or tap-tackle is a form of tackle. It is used when the player carrying the ball is running at speed and a defending player is approaching from behind. [PAR] [PAR] Even if the defender is not able to get close enough to the ball-carrier to wrap his arms around him in a conventional tackle, he may still be able to dive at the other player's feet and, with outstretched arm, deliver a tap or hook to the player's foot (or feet) causing the player to stumble. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Advantage line [PAR] Also called the gain line. It is an imaginary line drawn across the centre of the pitch when there is a breakdown in open play, such as a ruck, maul or scrum. Advancing across the gain line represents a gain in territory. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Advantage [PAR] \"Advantage\" is the period of time after an infringement, in which the non-offending side has the opportunity to gain sufficient territory or tactical opportunity to negate the need to stop the game due to the infringement. [PAR] [PAR] The referee will signal advantage with their arm out horizontally, toward the non-infringing team. If no tactical or territorial advantage is gained, the referee will whistle, and give the decision that had been delayed. If sufficient advantage is gained, the referee will call \"advantage over\", and play will continue. [PAR] [PAR] The Advantage Law allows the game to flow more freely, and not stop for every minor infringement. An example of the application of advantage would be if Team A knocked the ball on (technical offence, conceding a scrum) but a Team B player picked the ball up and made a run forward before being tackled. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Ball back [PAR] If the ball enters touch, then play is restarted by a line-out at the point where the ball left the field of play. The exception to this is if the ball is kicked into touch on the full. In"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Dysuria - Health and Medical Information ... Definition of Dysuria [PAR] Our Symptoms article on Burning Urination provides a comprehensive look at the possible causes and treatments of Burning Urination. [PAR] Definition of Dysuria [PAR] Dysuria: Pain during urination, or difficulty urinating. Dysuria is usually caused by inflammation of the urethra, frequently as a result of infection. [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016[DOC] [TLE] Dysuria - Painful Urination Medical Information Dysuria - Painful Urination Medical Information [PAR] Attribution [PAR] Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors [PAR] Painful urination is any pain or discomfort that results when a person urinates. This pain can occur by itself or it can be associated with other symptoms. [PAR] What is going on in the body? [PAR] The urinary tract consists of several parts, each with a different function. The kidneys filter and remove waste products and water from the body and produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through two narrow tubes called ureters down to the bladder, where it is stored. When the bladder becomes full, it empties the urine through the urethra to the outside of the body. [PAR] Painful urination can range from mild discomfort or a burning sensation in the urinary tract to severe, intense pain. This pain may be acute, when it occurs suddenly, or chronic, when the pain lasts for a long period of time. Painful urination usually results from conditions that may be caused by infection, trauma, or something blocking the urinary tract. [PAR] What are the causes and risks of the condition? [PAR] There are many possible causes of painful urination. Some of these include: [PAR] trauma to the urinary tract, such as genital injuries in males and females [PAR] inflammation to any part of the urinary tract including the bladder, the kidney, or the urethra [PAR] prostatitis, or inflammation or infection to the prostate gland in men [PAR] vaginal infection, such a Candida albicans,\\ \\Candida tropicalis,\\ \\Candida glabrata,\\ and \\Candida parapsilosis.\\ ',CAPTION,'Vaginal Yeast Infection');\" onmouseout=\"return nd();\">vaginal yeast infection [PAR] sexually transmitted diseases, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae\\ bacteria. These infections are usually acquired through sexual contact. A gonococcal infection may also be passed from mother to baby during childbirth. ',CAPTION,'Gonococcal Infections');\" onmouseout=\"return nd();\">gonorrhea, HIV, and genital herpes [PAR] chemical irritation to the lining of the genitals and urethra, such as from soaps, bubble bath, or detergents used to wash undergarments [PAR] conditions or diseases of the kidney, such as polycystic kidney disease or medullary cystic kidney disease [PAR] sudden rupture of one of the small sacs, or cysts, in the kidney [PAR] urinary obstruction, such as kidney stones [PAR] autoimmune disorders, which are conditions in which a person's immune system attacks his or her own body for no apparent reason [PAR] traumatic sexual experiences, including rape [PAR] certain antidepressant medications [PAR] tumors or cancer of any part of the urinary tract [PAR] Symptoms & Signs [PAR] What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? [PAR] When a person has painful urination, the healthcare provider will want more information. Questions may include the following: [PAR] When did the pain start? [PAR] What type of pain is it? Mild, moderate, or severe? Is it a burning sensation? [PAR] Does the pain occur each time the person urinates? [PAR] Does the pain get worse before, during, at the end of, or after urinating? [PAR] Does anything reduce the pain or make the pain worse? [PAR] Are there any other symptoms, such as fever, vomiting, headache, or itching? [PAR] Is there pain in other areas, such as the back, pelvis, or to the side of the abdomen? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Writ legal definition of writ - Legal Dictionary - The ... Writ legal definition of writ [PAR] Writ legal definition of writ [PAR] http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/writ [PAR] Related to writ: writ large , writ of certiorari , writ of habeas corpus , writ of mandamus [PAR] Writ [PAR] An order issued by a court requiring that something be done or giving authority to do a specified act. [PAR] The development of English Common Law relied on the courts to issue writs that allowed persons to proceed with a legal action. Over time the courts also used writs to direct other courts, sheriffs, and attorneys to perform certain actions. In modern law, courts primarily use writs to grant extraordinary relief, to grant the right of appeal, or to grant the sheriff authority to seize property. Most other common-law writs were discarded in U.S. law, as the courts moved to simpler and more general methods of starting civil actions. [PAR] U.S. courts commonly use several extraordinary writs, which are issued only when the courts believe that usual remedies have failed. The writ of Habeas Corpus , sometimes called the \"great writ,\" is probably the best-known example of a writ. A writ of habeas corpus is a legal document ordering anyone who is officially holding the petitioner (the person requesting the writ) to bring him into court to determine whether the detention is unlawful. A federal court can hear an application for a writ of habeas corpus by a state prisoner who is being held in custody, allegedly in violation of the U.S. Constitution or the laws of the United States. [PAR] The writ of Mandamus is an extraordinary writ that directs a public official or government department to take an action. It may be sent to the Executive Branch , the legislative branch, or a lower court. The famous case of Marbury v. Madison , 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137, 2 L. Ed. 60 (1803), which established the right of Judicial Review of congressional statutes, was an action for a writ of mandamus. William Marbury asked the court to issue the writ to Secretary of State James Madison , commanding him to deliver his judicial commission. The Court, however, refused to issue the writ of mandamus. [PAR] The writ of prohibition is another extraordinary writ and is the opposite of a writ of mandamus, because it commands a government official not to take a specified action. The most common use of the writ is by an appellate court to a lower court, commanding the lower court to refrain from a proposed action. For example, a trial court might grant a request by the news media to release information from a court file. A defendant who objects to the release could petition for a writ of prohibition from the court of appeals. If the appellate court issues the writ, the trial court may not release the information. [PAR] The writ of certiorari is an extraordinary writ issued by an appellate court that is used by that court when it has discretion on whether to hear an appeal from a lower court. If the writ is denied, the lower court decision remains unchanged. The U.S. Supreme Court has used the petition and writ of certiorari to control its caseload since 1925. [PAR] The extraordinary writ of Quo Warranto starts a proceeding in which the state challenges the legality of the use of an office, franchise, charter, or other right that can be held or used under authority of the state. For example, a writ of quo warranto would be used to remove a person"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2012 \u00ab Revolutionizing Awareness 2012 \u00ab Revolutionizing Awareness [PAR] By DENNIS OVERBYE [PAR] Published: November 9, 2010 [PAR] Something big is going on at the center of the galaxy, and astronomers are happy to say they don\u2019t know what it is. [PAR] A group of scientists working with data from NASA \u2019s Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope said Tuesday that they had discovered two bubbles of energy erupting from the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The bubbles, they said at a news conference and in a paper to be published Wednesday in The Astrophysical Journal , extend 25,000 light years up and down from each side of the galaxy and contain the energy equivalent to 100,000 supernova explosions. [PAR] \u201cThey\u2019re big,\u201d said Doug Finkbeiner of the Harvard -Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, leader of the team that discovered them. [PAR] The source of the bubbles is a mystery. One possibility is that they are fueled by a wave of star births and deaths at the center of the galaxy. Another option is a gigantic belch from the black hole known to reside, like Jabba the Hutt , at the center of the Milky Way. What it is apparently not is dark matter , the mysterious something that astronomers say makes up a quarter of the universe and holds galaxies together. [PAR] \u201cWow,\u201d said David Spergel, an astrophysicist at Princeton who was not involved in the work. [PAR] \u201cAnd we think we know a lot about our own galaxy,\u201d Dr. Spergel added, noting that the bubbles were almost as big as the galaxy and yet unsuspected until now. [PAR] Jon Morse, head of astrophysics at NASA headquarters, said, \u201cThis shows again that the universe is full of surprises.\u201d [PAR] One of the most surprised was Dr. Finkbeiner. A year ago he was part of a group led by Gregory Dobler of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, Calif., that said it had discerned the existence of a mysterious fog of high-energy particles buzzing around the center of the Milky Way . The particles manifested themselves as a haze of extra energy after all the known sources of gamma rays \u2014 the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation \u2014 had been subtracted from Fermi data that had recently been made public. [PAR] At the time, Dr. Finkbeiner and his colleagues speculated that the haze was produced by dark matter. The center of the galaxy is home to all manner of wild and woolly high-energy phenomena, including a gigantic black hole and violently spinning pulsars, but cosmological theories also suggest that dark matter would be concentrated there. Collisions of dark matter particles, the theory goes, could produce showers of gamma rays. [PAR] But in the follow-up analysis, the haze \u2014 besides being bigger than Dr. Finkbeiner and his colleagues had thought \u2014 turned out to have sharp boundaries, like, well, a bubble. Dark matter, according to the prevailing theory, should be more diffuse. [PAR] \u201cDark matter has been there billions of years,\u201d Dr. Finkbeiner explained. \u201cIf something has been going on for billions of years, you wouldn\u2019t expect a sharp edge.\u201d [PAR] He and the other scientists said this did not mean that dark matter was not there clogging the center of the galaxy, but that it would be harder to see [PAR] . [PAR] A version of this article appeared in print on November 10, 2010, on page A18 of the New York edition. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] http://www.bluestarspeaks.com/bluestar4.html [PAR] 8-25-10 to 10-25-10 [PAR] NOTE: Blue Star wishes to include a special message for all people. This message"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty ( James Thurber 1939) - Scribd The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty ( James Thurber 1939) | Narration [PAR] The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty ( James Thurber 1939) [PAR] The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty(James Thurber 1939) [PAR] [PAR] James Thurber is one of America\u2019s best known humorists, and \u201cThe Secret Life of Walter Mitty\u201d is his best knownstory. The story was first published in 1939 in the New Yorker magazine to great acclaim. It was reprinted in Thurber\u2019s1942 collection, My World \u2014 And Welcome To It and in Reader\u2019s Digest in 1943. The story\u2019s main character is amiddle-aged, middle-class man who escapes from the routine drudgery of his suburban life into fantasies of heroicconquest. Upon the story\u2019s publication, Walter Mitty became an archetypal American figure. Today, people still describe acertain kind of neurotic, daydreaming man as a \u201cWalter Mitty type.\u201d In 1947, Hollywood released a movie of the sametitle, starring Danny Kaye and Virginia Mayo. Although his humorous stories, sketches, and illustrations were well-known during his lifetime, Thurber has received little scholarly attention. Some critics dismissed his work as little more than formulaic and whimsical. More recently,critics have become attentive to Thurber\u2019s literary prowess, such as his use of wordplay and attention to narrative form.They have also discussed the darker themes of his work which lurk underneath the hilarity. Others, referring to histendency to portray domineering women, like Mrs. Mitty, and unhappy, ineffectual men, like Walter, fault his treatment of women and views of marriage. [PAR] Author Biography [PAR] James Thurber was a prolific writer and artist who published over twenty books of stories, biographies, drawings,sketches, essays, poetry, fables and cartoons. During the 1920s and 1930s, Thurber wrote for the popular and influentialliterary magazine, The New Yorker. His work for the magazine established his reputation as a comic with a sophisticated sensibility who largely wrote about upper middle-class intellectuals. Much of his work focused on the milieu of East Coast society.Thurber was born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1894, and some of his writing, such as his \u201cmock\u201d memoirs, My Life and Hard Times, treat his experiences as a boy growing up in Ohio. After attending Ohio State University, he worked as a newspaper reporter in Ohio, France, and New York before joining the staff of the The New Yorker in 1927. As a writer and editor at The New Yorker, Thurber worked with the versatile writer E. B. White, who wrote the well-known children\u2019s favoriteCharlotte\u2019s Web and other works. White\u2019s literary skill influenced Thurber\u2019s craft. Thurber wrote fifteen drafts of \u201cTheSecret Life of Walter Mitty,\u201d a story of five pages, before he submitted it for publication.Thurber gained recognition for his work from Williams College and Yale University, which awarded him honorarydegrees, and his drawings were exhibited in international art shows. Regarded primarily as a humorist, Thurber\u2019sreputation as a serious writer has suffered somewhat. Critical attention has focused largely on the comic aspect of hiswriting and not on the deeper themes and social satire present in his work.Thurber married twice. His first marriage to Althea Adams lasted thirteen years and produced a daughter. After theydivorced, he married Helen Wismer. In the 1940s, Thurber began losing his vision. Eventually, he went completely blind. In his later years, depressed by his health and by the anticommunist movement of the 1950s, which he opposed, Thurber\u2019swriting became more pessimistic. He died in 1961. [PAR] Plot Summary [PAR] As \u201cThe Secret Life of Walter Mitty\u201d begins, a military officer orders an airplane crew to proceed with a flight througha dangerous storm. The crew members are scared"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great Rock \u2018n\u2019 Roll Swindle [1979]: A Review Of The ... The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle [1979]: A Review Of The Film And The Album \u00bb Articles, Fast Forward Reviewer \u00bb Geek Juice Media [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] When it comes to British Punk Rock movement, Sex Pistols is probably the most famous one even to this day. Why? They shocked everyone with their lyrics and their attitude towards society. Plus, they did lots of publicity stunts which made them became household name in UK. The most memorable one is probably their interview on Bill Grundy\u2019s Today show. Thanks to drunken host, the band went wild on the show and they swore a lot. Next morning, the band appeared on almost every local and national newspaper while Mr. Grundy career was nailed in the coffin. [PAR] During band\u2019s popularity, Malcolm McLaren, band\u2019s manager, eagerly wanted to make a film about them, so he contacted Julien Temple, a student who directed a film that was shown before their concert, to write and direct it. Unfortunately, there were lots of problem during production and it took about two years to release it. To me, I consider it as not only a fun and distinctive film, it\u2019s also a mockumentary that later turns out to be a documentary. [PAR] So what the film is all about? [PAR] It\u2019s supposed to be a mixture between Comedy, Mockumentary, detective films, and musical. The story goes like this: Malcolm McLaren is a manipulator who creates Sex Pistols in order to get cash from record labels and create chaos in public, but that doesn\u2019t stop Steve Jones, a guitarist of the band who somehow becomes detective, who tries to expose him. That\u2019s it. That\u2019s the whole \u201cplot\u201d of the film. It also tells us the story of the band before they were popular until they do barely exist. [PAR] But what make this film prominent is the fact that it has interesting narrative. It has animated segments, music videos (including the famous Sid Vicious\u2019 My Way ), and live footage of controversy stunts blend with chaotic storyline. This means that we shouldn\u2019t take it too seriously. Another great example of this is how Malcolm Mclaren tells us the secret of Sex Pistols\u2019 successful. [PAR] Mr. Mclaren\u2019s Lessons of SP Scheme [PAR] There are 10 lessons throughout the movie about how he made the band popular. I\u2019ll tell you later why I think this is a pure documentary instead of tongue-in-cheek joke (as filmmakers intended), but here are what Malcolm told us\u2026. [PAR] Lesson 1: How To manufacture Your Group [PAR] Basically he tells us the story about how he gathered band members with different personality, but they are wild and ready to explode. [PAR] Lesson 2: Establish The Name [PAR] Next, he sent them to play in controversial places like jailhouse or strip club in order to avoid competition from big record companies and create distinctive look. [PAR] Lesson 3: How To Sell The Swindle [PAR] He contacted major record companies. Although they clearly hated the band, Sex Pistols were wanted everywhere. To quote Malcolm, \u201cA group that can\u2019t play effects label more than a group that CAN play\u201d. Then signed grand old label like EMI. [PAR] Lesson 4: Do not play, do not give the game away [PAR] After that, he created chaos in general. He let them appeared on Bill Grundy\u2019s TV show (as I said before). There were protests about how grotesque and evil Sex Pistols was. Then, after EMI released them because they were too hot to handle. [PAR] Lesson"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facility Details - COCHITI AREA, NM - Recreation.gov Facility Details - COCHITI AREA, NM - Recreation.gov [PAR] COCHITI AREA, NM [PAR] part of Cochiti Lake , US Army Corps of Engineers [PAR] 192 Ratings [PAR] [PAR] Overview [PAR] Cochiti Recreation Area is located in Sandoval County, New Mexico, within the boundaries of the Pueblo de Cochiti Indian Reservation. [PAR] The lake offers two public recreation areas: Cochiti on the west side of the lake and Tetilla Peak on the east side. Both sides offer spectacular scenic views of the water and surrounding mountains. [PAR] The Cochiti Dam is one of the ten largest earth-fill dams in the United States, and also one of the largest in the world. The lake derives its name from the Indian Pueblo on the Cochiti Reservation. [PAR] Natural Features: [PAR] Cochiti Lake is in a high desert environment, and the dominant vegetation is desert scrubland. [PAR] There are many opportunities for wildlife viewing. Four osprey nesting platforms have been erected around the lake to provide nesting sites, as well as viewing opportunities. On the east side of the lake, deer, coyote and rabbit are often sighted. [PAR] Recreation: [PAR] Wind surfing is a favorite pastime for visitors. The lake is also a popular fishing spot for species such as bass, crappie, walleye, catfish, sunfish and trout. [PAR] Cochiti Recreation Area has a swim beach and playground for the convenience of families with children. [PAR] Facilities: [PAR] The campground consists of four loops. Juniper Loop campsites have electric hookups and some have water. Elk Run and Ringtail Loops are non-electric and have community water spigots. All sites in Buffalo Grove Loop have water and electric hookups. [PAR] The Cochiti Recreation Area and boat ramp are open year-round and are accessed by a paved road. The ramp has four concrete lanes for loading and unloading. [PAR] Nearby Attractions:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] US Open 2011: Remarkable Rory McIlroy wins by eight shots ... US Open 2011: Remarkable Rory McIlroy wins by eight shots | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] US Open 2011: Remarkable Rory McIlroy wins by eight shots [PAR] \u2022 Fourth sub-par round leaves Northern Irishman 16 under [PAR] \u2022 Jason Day second, Lee Westwood tied for third [PAR] Sunday 19 June 2011 20.44 EDT [PAR] First published on Sunday 19 June 2011 20.44 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Next stop world domination but on a glorious afternoon at Congressional Country Club the boy wonder of European golf was content with the prize he had just won. Rory McIlroy , 2011 US Open champion. How does that sound? Pretty good but for those who wanted more there was plenty. [PAR] How about Rory McIlroy, winner of the 2011 US Open championship with a record low score of 268, 16 under par. How about Rory McIlroy, winner of the 2011 US Open by a margin of eight shots. How about Rory McIlroy, who followed the disappointment of his Augusta National collapse two months ago with a display that will go down in the annals alongside that of Tiger Woods at Pebble Beach in 2000 \u2013 a performance acknowledged by many as the greatest in the tournament's history. [PAR] By such celestial standards McIlroy might have come up short but it was a close-run thing as the Northern Irishman exerted his dominance over a famously brutish course, as well as a collection of the world's best. YE Yang, a PGA Championship winner, Lee Westwood, the world No2, Sergio Garc\u00eda, a fallen idol on the road to recovery, and Jason Day, one of the leading lights of the game's new generation \u2013 great players reduced to the status of Hollywood extras. [PAR] If only McIlroy had stayed at home this week, in Holywood, they would have contested a hell of a tournament. But he did not and they did not. Their consolation was a top-10 finish at a major championship and a ringside seat on the day potential greatness became greatness. [PAR] \"Rory is going to have a great career, there is no question about that. He has got all the components,'' said Jack Nicklaus, the 18-time major champion who has become something of a mentor to McIlroy over the last few years. \"He is a great kid. He is humble when he needs to be and confident when he needs to be confident. He's a got a great swing. He looks a little cocksure when he walks, which you need to have. I like it.\" [PAR] Nicklaus is not alone. Over the past four days the American public, and the American media, have treated McIlroy like one of their own. He has been cheered on to the driving range and cheered on the practice putting green. Most of all he has been cheered on the course, never louder than he was on Sunday. No wonder. [PAR] Eight shots ahead overnight, he immediately extended that with a birdie at the 1st, where he hit an exquisite approach shot to eight feet and holed the putt. Another great approach and another birdie at the 5th extended the lead into double digits. Thereafter it was simply a case of cruising home, although McIlroy could not resist a few flourishes. [PAR] At the 10th \u2013 a brutish par-three requiring the players to hit their tee shots over a vast expanse of water to the green \u2013 he hit a six-iron to three inches. He did not miss the putt."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frankie Lymon - MusicBrainz Frankie Lymon - MusicBrainz [PAR] Frankie Lymon [PAR] Goody Goody [PAR] 1 [PAR] Showing official release groups by this artist. Show all release groups instead , or show various artists release groups . [PAR] Artist information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elizabeth Anne Bloomer Ford | whitehouse.gov Elizabeth Anne Bloomer Ford | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Elizabeth Anne Bloomer Ford [PAR] Elizabeth Ann \"Betty\" Ford was First Lady from 1974 to 1977 as the wife of President Gerald Ford. She was noted for raising breast cancer awareness and being a passionate supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment. [PAR] In 25 years of political life, Betty Bloomer Ford did not expect to become First Lady. As wife of Representative Gerald R. Ford, she looked forward to his retirement and more time together. In late 1973 his selection as Vice President was a surprise to her. She was just becoming accustomed to their new roles when he became President upon Mr. Nixon's resignation in August 1974. [PAR] Born Elizabeth Anne Bloomer in Chicago, she grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and graduated from high school there. She studied modern dance at Bennington College in Vermont, decided to make it a career, and became a member of Martha Graham's noted concert group in New York City, supporting herself as a fashion model for the John Robert Powers firm. [PAR] Close ties with her family and her home town took her back to Grand Rapids, where she became fashion coordinator for a department store. She also organized her own dance group and taught dance to handicapped children. [PAR] Her first marriage, at age 24, ended in divorce five years later on the grounds of incompatibility. Not long afterward she began dating Jerry Ford, football hero, graduate of the University of Michigan and Yale Law School, and soon a candidate for Congress. They were married during the 1948 campaign; he won his election; and the Fords lived in the Washington area for nearly three decades thereafter. [PAR] Their four children--Michael, Jack, Steven, and Susan--were born in the next ten years. As her husband's political career became more demanding, Betty Ford found herself shouldering many of the family responsibilities. She supervised the home, did the cooking, undertook volunteer work, and took part in the activities of \"House wives\" and \"Senate wives\" for Congressional and Republican clubs. In addition, she was an effective campaigner for her husband. [PAR] Betty Ford faced her new life as First Lady with dignity and serenity. She accepted it as a challenge. \"I like challenges very much,\" she said. She had the self-confidence to express herself with humor and forthrightness whether speaking to friends or to the public. Forced to undergo radical surgery for breast cancer in 1974, she reassured many troubled women by discussing her ordeal openly. She explained that \"maybe if I as First Lady could talk about it candidly and without embarrassment, many other people would be able to as well.\" As soon as possible, she resumed her duties as hostess at the Executive Mansion and her role as a public-spirited citizen. She did not hesitate to state her views on controversial issues such as the Equal Rights Amendment, which she strongly supported. [PAR] From their home in California, she was equally frank about her successful battle against dependency on drugs and alcohol. She helped establish the Betty Ford Center for treatment of this problem at the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage. [PAR] She has described the role of First Lady as \"much more than a 24-hour job than anyone would guess\" and says of her predecessors: \"Now that I realize what they've had to put up with, I have new respect and admiration for every one of them.\" [PAR] The biographies of the First Ladies on WhiteHouse.gov are from \u201cThe First Ladies of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Love Poets - Love Poems and Poets Famous Love Poets - Love Poems and Poets [PAR] Famous Love Poets [PAR] Famous Love Poets [PAR] Home \u00bb Famous Love Poets [PAR] Below are famous poets that are known for writing love poetry. Where possible, we've provided links to examples of their poetry. [PAR] We provide a resource of the all-time best and most-famous love poets or romantic poets in history. These famous love poets do not describe a single unchanging view of love; they express a wide variety of emotions and attitudes, as if a love poet were trying to define his or her experience of love through poetry. [PAR] Major English Romantic poet William Wordsworth, born in 1770, is considered to be one of the most important literary figures in modern history, as well as one of the leading purveyors of the Romantic Movement. | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 2 [PAR] William Blake (born on November 28, 1757 in London's West End) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. He was one of the greatest poets of the Romantic era. | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 3 [PAR] Longfellow , Henry Wadsworth [PAR] American poet and educator Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is one of the greatest poets in American history. Born in Portland, Maine, He became professor of Modern Languages in Harvard University; wrote \"Hyperion,\" a romance in prose, and a succession of poems as well as lyrics, among the former \"Evangeline,\" \"The Golden Legend,\" \"Hiawatha,\" and \"Miles Standish\" | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 4 [PAR] Rossetti , Christina [PAR] Christina Georgina Rossetti was an English poet who wrote a variety of romantic, devotional, and children's poems. She is best known for her long poem Goblin Market, her love poem Remember, and for the words of the Christmas carol In the Bleak Midwinter.. English poet | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 5 [PAR] \u200bEdgar Allan Poe is an American poet and short story writer best known for his tales of the macabre. Poe was an author, poet, editor, and literary critic most famously known for his poem \"The Raven\". | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 6 [PAR] Keats , John [PAR] John Keats was an English poet who is now regarded as being one of the greatest lyric poets of his time and one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. He was born in London on October 31, 1795 and in his short lifetime had 54 poems published in various magazines and in three volumes of poetry. Recognition of his achievements as one of the leading poets of his time only came after his death in Rome on February 23, 1821. | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 7 [PAR] Ralph Waldo Emerson was born on May 25, 1803 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was a famous American preacher, philosopher, and poet of the 19th century who served as the center of the Transcendental movement. | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 8 [PAR] A celebrated Romantic English poet of the Victorian era, Elizabeth Barrett Browning is still one of the most influential figures within English poetry. | Famous Love Poet [PAR] 9 [PAR] Pushkin , Alexander [PAR] Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Pushkin pioneered the use of vernacular speech in his poems and plays, creating a style of storytelling\u2014mixing drama, romance, and satire\u2014associated with Russian literature ever since and greatly influencing later Russian writers. He also wrote historical fiction. His The Captain's Daughter provides insight into Russia during"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sicily | Italy Travel Guide Sicily \u2013 Italy Travel Guide [PAR] The Italian name for Sicily is Sicilia, pronounced see|CHEE|lee|ah. [PAR] The capital of Sicily is Palermo. [PAR] Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. [PAR] Sicily is one of the five autonomous regions of Italy. [PAR] Sicily\u2019s Mount Etna is Europe\u2019s tallest active volcano, and one of the most active in the world. [PAR] Sicilian history includes many invasions and long periods of foreign rule \u2013 there\u2019s evidence all over the island of Greek and Arab influence along with the more predictable Roman influence. [PAR] Sicily has five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Valley of Temples at Agrigento, the Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina, the \u201clate Baroque towns\u201d of the Noto Valley, the city of Siracusa and the Necropolis of Pantalica, and the Aeolian Islands. [PAR] People from Sicily are called siciliani (masc. pl.). Other variations are: siciliano (masc. sing.), siciliana (fem. sing.), and siciliane (fem. pl.). [PAR] Where to Stay in Sicily [PAR] While much of Sicily is rural and mountainous, there are some large cities with all manner of accommodation options for every type of traveler. Cities like Palermo have 5-star hotels, hostels, apartment rentals, and anything in between. Beach resort towns like Taormina are fairly upscale and expensive, and especially crowded during good beach weather. [PAR] DOWNLOAD OUR TRAVEL GUIDES [PAR] DOWNLOAD NOW [PAR] [PAR] It\u2019s not as easy to get around Sicily without a car as it is to get around on the mainland \u2013 and if you want to get away from the cities and stay in a less crowded area, it\u2019s nigh unto impossible. This is something to keep in mind when you\u2019re searching for a place to stay in Sicily, since your chosen mode of transport will limit you more here than elsewhere in the country. [PAR] Here are some links to articles about hotels and hostels in Sicily: [PAR] Vacation Rentals in Sicily [PAR] What to Do & See in Sicily [PAR] The biggest draws for most visitors to Sicily are the ruins, the beaches, and Mount Etna \u2013 and all three of these things are worthy of your time. But, as is the case with every Italian region, there\u2019s enough variety to Sicily that everyone will find something entertaining on the island. [PAR] Sicily is home to some of the best-preserved Greek ruins anywhere, including the temples at Agrigento and Siracusa \u2013 and these are only two of the five UNESCO World Heritage Sites on Sicily. The beaches along the island\u2019s coast (as well as the smaller Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea) have long been popular with Italians and other Europeans on their summer holiday. And Mount Etna, despite its size, is really just scratching the surface of the activities available to outdoorsy types. [PAR] >> In fact, one of the favorite Italy hikes of a former tour guide is on one of the small islands off the coast of Sicily. [PAR] Art lovers will have plenty to explore on Sicily, from the unique Sicilian Baroque style to the traditional marionette theatres to Palermo\u2019s famous opera house \u2013 and even if you\u2019re not a hard core foodie it\u2019s hard to resist the temptations of the foods of Sicily. Cannoli, anyone? [PAR] Where to Go in Sicily [PAR] Sicily may be an island, but it\u2019s not a small one. Add to that the fact that it\u2019s not as easy to get around Sicily without a car as it is to get around other Italian regions and you\u2019ve got the perfect excuse to fill your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cubes and Cube Roots - Math is Fun - Maths is Fun Cubes and Cube Roots [PAR] Cubes and Cube Roots [PAR] To understand cube roots, first we must understand cubes ... [PAR] How to Cube A Number [PAR] To cube a number, just use it in a multiplication 3 times ... [PAR] Example: What is 3 Cubed? [PAR] 3 Cubed [PAR] Note: we write down \"3 Cubed\" as 33 [PAR] (the little 3 means the number appears three times in multiplying) [PAR] Some More Cubes [PAR] A cube root goes the other direction: [PAR] 3 cubed is 27, so the cube root of 27 is 3 [PAR] 3 [PAR] The cube root of a number is ... [PAR] ... a special value that when cubed gives the original number. [PAR] The cube root of 27 is ... [PAR] ... 3, because when 3 is cubed you get 27. [PAR] [PAR] Note: When you see \"root\" think [PAR] \"I know the tree, but what is the root that produced it?\" [PAR] In this case the tree is \"27\", and the cube root is \"3\". [PAR] Here are some more cubes and cube roots: [PAR] 4 [PAR] 216 [PAR] Example: What is the Cube root of 125? [PAR] Well, we just happen to know that 125 = 5 \u00d7 5 \u00d7 5 (if you use 5 three times in a multiplication you will get 125) ... [PAR] ... so the answer is 5 [PAR] The Cube Root Symbol [PAR] This is the special symbol that means \"cube root\", it is the \"radical\" symbol (used for square roots) with a little three to mean cube root. [PAR] You can use it like this: [PAR] (we say \"the cube root of 27 equals 3\") [PAR] [PAR] You Can Also Cube Negative Numbers [PAR] Have a look at this: [PAR] When we cube 5 we get 125: [PAR] [PAR] When we cube \u22125 we get \u2212125: [PAR] [PAR] So the cube root of \u2212125 is \u22125 [PAR] Perfect Cubes [PAR] The Perfect Cubes are the cubes of the whole numbers : [PAR] [PAR] 3375 [PAR] ... [PAR] It is easy to work out the cube root of a perfect cube, but it is really hard to work out other cube roots. [PAR] Example: what is the cube root of 30? [PAR] Well, 3 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 3 = 27 and 4 \u00d7 4 \u00d7 4 = 64, so we can guess the answer is between 3 and 4. [PAR] Let's try 3.5: 3.5 \u00d7 3.5 \u00d7 3.5 = 42.875 [PAR] Let's try 3.2: 3.2 \u00d7 3.2 \u00d7 3.2 = 32.768 [PAR] Let's try 3.1: 3.1 \u00d7 3.1 \u00d7 3.1 = 29.791 [PAR] We are getting closer, but very slowly ... at this point, I get out my calculator and it says: [PAR] 3.1072325059538588668776624275224... [PAR] ... but the digits just go on and on, without any pattern. So even the calculator's answer is only an approximation ! [PAR] (Further reading: these kind of numbers are called surds which are a special type of irrational number )[DOC] [TLE] Cube Root Calculator - Calculator Soup Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Share this Calculator & Page [PAR] Calculator Use [PAR] Use this calculator to find the cube root of positive or negative numbers. Given a number x, the cube root of x is a number a such that a3 = x. If x positive a will be positive, if x is negative a will be negative. Cube roots is a specialized form of our common radicals calculator . [PAR] Example Cube Roots: [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why does Canada have the letters CDN as its international ... Why does Canada have the letters CDN as its international car registration plate? Surely it would be more logical to have CND? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] Why does Canada have the letters CDN as its international car registration plate? Surely it would be more logical to have CND? [PAR] THE DN stands for Dominion. The abbreviation was created when Canada was one. [PAR] Bob Hammarberg, Minneapolis, US. [PAR] CDN for Canada is no more idiotic than CH for Switzerland, proof that it is time to standardize the spelling of place names around the globe. If we call \"Livorno\" \"Leghorn,\" is it possible that Hispanics say, \"Neuva Yorca,\" and the French transmogrify \"Little Rock\" into \"La Petite Roche\"? [PAR] Nancy Belck (nbelck@siue.edu) , [PAR] Canada still is the Dominion of Canada. And if D did stand for Dominion why were Australia, New Zealand and South Africa not also given a D? [PAR] Keith Mills, Alne, Yorks [PAR] There is nothing idiotic about Switzerland's use of CH for her international designation. CH is Latin and it stands for \"Confoederatio Helvetica\". Switzerland is a country of four official languages - so choosing Latin was the most neutral choice. What is idiotic is that, by law, all Swiss cars have to display the CH plate - even if they never leave the country. This even applies to police cars, road sweepers and public buses. These vehicles clearly rarely leave the country (although there are cross border bus routes in some areas). [PAR] Mark Butcher, Geneva, Switzerland"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dick Turpin - The Legendary Highwayman and his ... - JORVIK Dick Turpin - The Legendary Highwayman and his horse Black Bess [PAR] Dick Turpin [PAR] Dick Turpin, much-romanticised through legend, was in fact an infamous highwayman, murderer and convicted horse-thief. He was tried and executed in York, assuring his place in English history and being forever linked with the city. [PAR] The Only Way is Essex [PAR] Richard \u2018Dick\u2019 Turpin was born in 1705 in Hempstead, Essex. His father John was an innkeeper and a butcher; Turpin became an apprentice butcher. He married at twenty and five years later, then with his own butcher\u2019s shop, he aided the prolific deer-poaching Gregory Gang, disposing of carcasses. [PAR] Landlord in Gangland London [PAR] By 1734 Turpin had become landlord of a pub at Clay Hill. His association with the gang was such that he joined them in brutal attacks and robberies in the outer London area. In 1735 after three gang members were arrested the youngest betrayed his fellows, Turpin being named by The London Gazette. Foolishly Turpin and the gang immediately committed further shocking assaults in the Essex area with three more gang members arrested and executed at Tyburn on 10 March. Turpin was named on the indictments for burglary. [PAR] Dick Turpin\u2019s Grave lies in St. George\u2019s Graveyard in a mainly residential part of York [PAR] Wanted Man [PAR] Turning to highway robbery from April 1735, he plagued Epping Forest, Southwark and other London areas. On 10 July, identified and named as \u2018Turpin the butcher\u2019, along with Thomas Rowden with a bounty of \u00a3100 on their heads, the duo\u2019s crimes continued throughout 1735. [PAR] Next referred to in February 1737 Turpin reportedly spent the night at Puckeridge with his wife, her maid and another man. Turpin\u2019s letter arranging the meeting (for horse stealing) was intercepted by the authorities. Turpin escaped while the others were arrested and imprisoned. [PAR] Undeterred Highwayman [PAR] The following month Turpin took up with highwaymen Matthew King and Stephen Potter, committing a series of robberies, culminating in an incident at Whitechapel when either King or Turpin stole a horse near Waltham Forest. Joseph Major, along with Richard Bayes, identified his animal, found tethered at The Red Lion, Whitechapel, and waited, along with the local constable, for the \u2018owner\u2019. King\u2019s brother eventually arrived leading them to his brother Matthew who received serious, but possibly accidental, gunshot wounds, dying the following month. [PAR] Reports varied, stating Turpin or Bayes had shot King. Turpin fled into Epping Forest and on being spotted by Thomas Morris, who was armed, shot and killed him on 4 May with a carbine. \u2018The Gentleman\u2019s Magazine\u2019 named Turpin as the suspect \u2013 a \u00a3200 reward was offered. [PAR] Turpin a.k.a John Palmer comes to Yorkshire [PAR] In June 1737, Turpin, under the alias John Palmer, lodged in Brough , East Yorkshire, posing as a horse trader. He regularly crossed the Humber committing crimes, stealing a horse from Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire, and riding it to his father\u2019s at Hempstead. Leaving the horse behind, implicating his father who was subsequently committed to gaol, Turpin returned to Brough having stolen three more horses from a Thomas Creasy. Creasy finally tracked down and recovered his horses in autumn 1738, thefts for which Turpin was eventually tried. [PAR] His gravestone is the only one in the yard upstanding from the ground (top left) [PAR] Locked up in York Castle [PAR] After a minor incident in October 1738 Turpin threatened to shoot someone; three JPs attended and committed Turpin to the House of Correction at Beverley . The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scooby-Doo (series) - Hanna-Barbera Wiki - Wikia Scooby-Doo (series) | Hanna-Barbera Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! (1969-71) [PAR] Scooby Doo Title Card [PAR] Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! made its CBS network debut on Saturday, September 13, 1969, with its first episode, \"What a Night for a Knight\". The first season ran 17 episodes. The show was a major ratings success for CBS, and they renewed it for a second season in 1970. [PAR] The eight 1970 episodes of Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! differed slightly from the first-season episodes in their uses of more slapstick humor, Archie Show-like \"chase songs\" during climactic sequences, Heather North performing the voice of Daphne in place of Christopherson, and a re-recorded version of the theme song sung by Austin Roberts. This season also marked an attempt at providing a real mystery with multiple suspects and red herring clues. Both seasons contained a laugh track , which was the standard practice for U.S. cartoon series during the 1960s and 1970s. [PAR] The show also ran during the 1971-72 TV season, but no new episodes were created at this time. [PAR] The New Scooby-Doo Movies (1972-74) [PAR] New Scooby-Doo Movies Title Card [PAR] In 1972, after 25 half-hour episodes, the program was doubled to a full hour and called The New Scooby-Doo Movies , each episode of which featured a different guest star helping the gang solve mysteries. Among the most notable of these guest stars were The Harlem Globetrotters , the Three Stooges , Don Knotts and Batman & Robin , each of whom appeared at least twice on the show. Hanna-Barbera musical director Hoyt Curtin composed a new theme song for this series, and Curtin's theme would remain in use for much of Scooby-Doo's original broadcast run. After two seasons and 24 episodes of the New Movies format from 1972 to 1974, the show went to reruns of the original series until Scooby moved to ABC in 1976. [PAR] The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Show & Laff-a-Lympics (1976-79) [PAR] Scooby-Doo and Dynomutt [PAR] On ABC, the show went through almost yearly format changes. For their 1976\u20131977 season, new episodes of Scooby-Doo were joined with a new Hanna-Barbera show, Dynomutt, Dog Wonder , to create The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour . (It became The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Show when a bonus Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! rerun was added to it in November 1976.) This hour-long package show later evolved into the longer programming blocks Scooby's All-Star Laff-a-Lympics (1977\u20131978) and Scooby's All-Stars]' (1978\u20131979). [PAR] New Scooby episodes, in the original Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! format, were produced for each of these three seasons. Four of these episodes featured Scooby's dim-witted country cousin, Scooby-Dum , as a semi-regular character. The Scooby-Doo episodes produced during these three seasons were later packaged together for syndication as The Scooby-Doo Show , under which title they continue to air. For the Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics and Scooby's All-Stars programming blocks, Scooby-Doo was packaged alongside Laff-a-Lympics , a new Hanna-Barbera cartoon featuring many of its characters in parodies of Olympic sporting events. Scooby-Doo appeared on the show as the team captain of the \"Scooby Doobies\" team, with Shaggy and Scooby-Dum among his teammates. [PAR] Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo & The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show (1979-85) [PAR] Scrappy-Doo [PAR] In 1979, Scooby's tiny nephew, Scrappy-Doo , was added to both the series and the billing, in an attempt to boost Scooby-Doo's slipping ratings. The 1979\u20131980 episodes, aired under the title Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo , succeeded in regenerating interest in the show, and as a result the entire show was overhauled in 1980 to focus more upon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Characters - Babar Wiki - Wikia Characters | Babar Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The cast of characters in the TV series includes but is not limited to: [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Babar's family [PAR] Babar : The King of Celesteville. He brought his love of the city back to the great forest and built the beautiful, happy kingdom of Celesteville . However, he is a dedicated ruler and world traveler. Babar is very happy when he picnics at the lake with his family or joining in the antics of his lively children. His mother was Badou's great-grandmother and was shot by a poacher when he was young, so he is very protective and caring of his family, as well as the elephants and other animals of the kingdom in general. [PAR] Celeste : Babar's wife and Queen of Celesteville. She has also traveled the world and has had many great adventures. She has a regal presence, an engaging manner and a gentle sense of humor. [PAR] Arthur : Babar's mischief-making brother-in-law and Badou's great-uncle. He often gets himself (and one or more of the children) involved with practical jokes and stunts. Although the English and French versions of the official characters page lists him as a cousin, this goes against the canon of the show where he is clearly referred to as Celeste's brother, Babar's brother-in-law, and the uncle of Babar and Celeste's children. The Japanese version of the official Babar characters page also refers to him as Celeste\u2019s younger brother. In addition, neither Celeste nor Arthur is ever referred to as a cousin of Babar, in the show. In the book, \"The Story of Babar\", Celeste and Arthur are shown to have two different mothers and we are told they are Babar's cousin and little cousin, respectively. This difference between the source material (the books) and adaptation (the animated television series) could explain the discrepancy between the English and French character pages and the show's own canon. [PAR] Pom : The oldest of the triplets and the leader of the children. He is protective of his brother and sisters though he will gladly join in with Alexander in playfully teasing his sisters, Flora and Isabelle He is rarely seen doing anything wrong and appears to be his parents 'perfect child'. [PAR] Flora : Flora is fun-loving and strong-willed. She can more than hold her own with her two brothers. Whether building tree houses, sliding down the banister at the palace, or preparing a surprise breakfast for their parents, Flora is always immersed in the action she is also seen to have low confidence at times when she doesn't seem to please others but she does try and always make the ones she loves happy. [PAR] Alexander : The smallest of the triplets, is a non-stop ball of entertainment who is into everything and disarmingly naive about the commotion he causes he also has trouble obeying his father or living up to his promises at times but does try to make his father happy. [PAR] Isabelle : The youngest of the four children. She began to walk and talk early in her age. Isabelle started as a baby in the series, but as the series progressed, she matured as a toddler and appears to be very smart and bright for her age she inherits her father's wisdom. [PAR] Babar's close friends and royal court [PAR] Madame (The Old Lady): From their first meeting in the city, the Old Lady and Babar shared a special friendship. She gave him a home and taught"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dora Bryan - Biography - IMDb Dora Bryan - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Dora Bryan [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (14) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 3\" (1.6 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Dora Bryan was born on February 7, 1923 in Southport, Lancashire, England as Dora May Broadbent. She was an actress, known for A Taste of Honey (1961), Mirrormask (2005) and Apartment Zero (1988). She was married to Bill Lawton . She died on July 23, 2014 in Hove, East Sussex, England. [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 7 February 1954 - 14 August 2008) (his death) (3 children) [PAR] Trivia (14) [PAR] She was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1995 (1994 season) for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her performance in \"The Birthday Party\". [PAR] She was awarded the OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) in the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours List for her services to drama. [PAR] She has done a lot of charity work to help homeless and sick animals. [PAR] Gave up smoking in 1985. [PAR] Retired in 2006. [PAR] Brighton, East Sussex, UK: Now 90 Dora is the subject of a major exhibition @ Grange Museum, Rottingdean, East Sussex Sep 2013 - Apr 2014. On display is her Best Actress Academy Award for her 1961 film A Taste of Honey. [September 2013] [PAR] She chose the stage surname \"Bryant\" after the popular brand of matches Bryant and May but had to change it to \"Bryan\" after a theatre mis-spelled her chosen name in a theatre programme. [PAR] She first appeared on stage, in a pantomime in Manchester, when she was 12. She worked with Ensa, the armed forces' entertainment body, during World War II. [PAR] Was several times hospitalised after nervous breakdowns caused by repeated miscarriages. [PAR] At one time ran a hotel in Brighton, which she later converted into a block of flats. [PAR] Achieved international recognition as the domineering alcoholic mother of Rita Tushingham in \"A Taste of Honey\". [PAR] At the age of 12, she made her stage debut in a pantomime in Manchester. At 15 she joined Oldham Repertory as an assistant stage manager and remained with the company for four years, by which time she had graduated to playing juvenile leads. [PAR] Was the younger of two children of the director of a cotton mill. [PAR] Twice played the mother in a mother and daughter role with Anne Reid , both times for Victoria Wood and despite being only 12 years older than Reid. The first time was in 1986 in a sketch for an episode of Victoria Wood: As Seen on TV. The second time was in 1998 in an episode of Dinnerladies. [PAR] See also[DOC] [TLE] Dora Bryan: Summer Wine and Ab Fab actress dies aged 91 ... Dora Bryan: Summer Wine and Ab Fab actress dies aged 91 - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Dora Bryan: Summer Wine and Ab Fab actress dies aged 91 [PAR] 23 July 2014 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Bryan was made an OBE for services to drama in 1996 [PAR] Dora Bryan, the veteran British actress whose long career encompassed theatre, film, radio and television, has died in Hove, near Brighton, at the age of 91. [PAR] She was best known for her roles in Last of the Summer Wine and Absolutely Fabulous, and won a best actress Bafta for the 1962 film A Taste Of Honey. [PAR] Her grandson Sam said her \"longevity as an actress had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Fred and George Weasley 's fireworks terrify Umbridge [PAR] Prior to their departure, they offered a discount for any Hogwarts students who would swear to use their products to eliminate Umbridge. [PAR] Argus Filch banned all of Fred and George 's products from Hogwarts in 1996 . However, as no one paid much attention to things Filch banned, this had little effect. They opened a branch in Diagon Alley shortly after leaving Hogwarts in April 1996 , employing a shop assistant named Verity . They also intended to buy Zonko's Joke Shop in Hogsmeade in order to extend their business. However, because of Hogwarts security being raised to the point that all Hogsmeade trips were cancelled, they saw no point to this. The twins were strict with their businesses, as they threatened a boy for attempted shoplifting and charged their younger brother Ron full price for all the products. However, they allowed Harry to take anything he wanted, free of charge, which was because of his being their investor. They also accepted patronage from Draco Malfoy (whom they hated), allowing him to buy Peruvian Instant Darkness Powder , which he would use against Dumbledore's Army later, something Ron would resent the twins for. Their mother, despite not initially approving their dream, was glad to see they managed to make such success and joy in their career. [PAR] The Second Wizarding War [PAR] The inside trio, Ginny, and Mrs Weasley inside the shop [PAR] In the summer of 1997, the Death Eaters seized control of the British Ministry of Magic . In the spring of 1998, it was discovered that the Weasleys had been helping the fugitive Harry Potter , and the family went into hiding. Although forced to close the shop in Diagon Alley, Fred and George continued to sell their products via mail order while at their Aunt Muriel 's. Fred and George both fought in the Battle of Hogwarts , where Fred was killed in an explosion whilst fighting alongside Percy Weasley . [PAR] After the War [PAR] George continued to operate the business after Fred's death, despite never fully getting over the loss of his twin. [2] Two years after Ron became an Auror he left the job, stating that he wanted to help his brother George with a shop he had always loved. Already a highly successful emporium, together they were able to successfully turn Weasley's Wizard Wheezes into an even more enormous money-spinner. [2] [PAR] Products [PAR] All employees at Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes wear a magenta robe. [PAR] Location [PAR] The first official premises of Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes was at 93 Diagon Alley. [PAR] During 1997 , the founders, Fred and George Weasley were known to be looking at buying Zonko's Joke Shop after it closed. However, due to various complications such as Fred 's death and the return of Voldemort , it is unknown whether this purchase was actually made or not. It is assumed that it was purchased, as the business was highly successful after Voldemort's death. If this second location was purchased, Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes could also have a branch located in Hogsmeade . [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] Filch 's ban on the store 's products did not span to Pygmy Puffs , as Ginny Weasley takes her Pygmy Puff, Arnold , in to Hogwarts . [PAR] The Half-Blood Prince film's graphic designer, Eduardo Lima revealed that there are more than 300 names of products they had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roman Cheshire - CheshireTrove Roman Cheshire - CheshireTrove [PAR] CheshireTrove [PAR] Cheshire Roman History [PAR] This is a starting attempt at the Roman history of the area. The content will be added to and adjusted as time goes by. Eventually, new releases will appear at intervals. [PAR] This page gives some information, hopefully interesting and entertaining, about Roman times in Cheshire and the Wirral peninsula. [PAR] A good place to start finding out about Cheshire Roman History is with a trip around the ancient city of Chester with an official guide , and a look at this document , issued by Cheshire County Council, now called Cheshire West and Chester to distinguish it from the other lot. I can summarise this information here and try to add a few extras. Just as I am not a trained geologist, neither am I an expert on Roman or any other history, so I would urge people to treat any information given here with caution. [PAR] The CheshireTrove Home Page [PAR] British Tribes in Roman Times [PAR] 800BC to 1BC: The Iron Age in Britain. The local people (in present-day Cheshire and Shropshire) were called the Cornovii. According to a Wikipedia article there was another tribe of the same name in the north of Scotland (and perhaps another in Cornwall, which, if true, may give a hint as to the origin of the name Cornwall). Apparently, these tribes appear to be unrelated to each other. To the West, among others, were the Ordovices in North Wales and the Silures in South Wales. These two tribes gave their names to the Ordovicean and Silurian geological periods, since the defining rock sequences of these two periods were first recognised in these tribes' territories. To the North of the Cornovii (across the River Mersey) were the Brigantes. The Cornovii capital, according to the above article was a hill-fort on the Wrekin, a hill near Shrewsbury which stands alone and is a landmark from far off in all directions. The Wrekin, by the way, looks like a volcano, but isn't one, although it was formed by volcanic activity in pre-cambrian times, and the rock is, among other things, lava. The name Wrekin, it seems, derives from the Virocon part of the name Viroconium Cornoviorum, the township (Wroxeter) that the Cornovii moved to under the Romans. Not many people know that. [PAR] 55 to 54BC: Julius Caesar invaded southern Britain after taking Gaul (basically, Western Europe) from 58BC on. He did not, however, consolidate the British conquests, though his successors made treaties with the rulers of the southern kingdoms and trade increased between southern Britain and the Roman Empire. These facts, by the way, are taken from the Ordnance Survey Map & Guide to Roman Britain, an excellent and fascinating publication, and apologies for quoting the previous sentence virtually word for word from it. The same applies to some of what follows. [PAR] The Roman Invasion of Britain. [PAR] Occupation Dates and Generals/Governors [PAR] 43 to 47AD: After a century of military inaction against Britain by Octavian (Julius Caesar's successor), Augustus (the first emperor), Tiberius and Gaius (Caligula), emperor Claudius conquered south-east Britain with 40,000 men, and then began the conquest of Wales. [PAR] 71 to 73AD: The conquest of Northern England. After the famous campaign in 60-61AD by Boudicca and her East Anglian tribe the Iceni (during which Colchester (Camulodunum), St Albans (Verulamium) and London (Londinium) were destroyed) and the suicide of Claudius' successor Nero (I don't suppose the two events were related), Vespasian became emperor. He was in command from 69 to 79AD. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Interview with Anthony Sloman | Frames Cinema Journal Interview with Anthony Sloman | Frames Cinema Journal [PAR] Interview with Anthony Sloman [PAR] By Keith M. Johnston [PAR] [PAR] Anthony (Tony) Sloman has worked in the British film industry since the 1960s, starting out as a runner for Soho-based film companies such as Guild and Caledonian Film. At Caledonian, the editors Jack Harris and Derek York, and directors Charles Crichton and Bryan Forbes, encouraged him to go into editing and sponsored his union membership. Having worked as second assistant editor on films such as Where the Spies Are (Guest, 1965), Othello (Burge, 1965), One Million Years B.C. (Chaffey, 1966), and Vault of Horror (Baker, 1972), Tony expanded his cutting room skills as sound editor for television and film projects like Orson Welles\u2019 Great Mysteries (Anglia, 1973), Count Dracula (BBC, 1977), and The Bounty (Donaldson, 1983); editor on Alice Cooper: Welcome to My Nightmare (Winters, 1975) and Dance Craze (Massot, 1981); and as a producer-director-editor of his own films, starting with Sweet and Sexy (Sloman, 1970) and Not Tonight Darling (Sloman, 1971). Alongside that work, Tony has also written and produced trailers for films as diverse as The Eagle Has Landed (Sturges, 1977), The Long Good Friday (Mackenzie, 1979) and Supergirl (Szwarc, 1984), and it is that work that is (broadly) the subject of this interview. [PAR] This transcript is an edited version of an hour-long interview that was conducted at BAFTA London, on Wednesday 21st November 2012. [PAR] [PAR] KMJ [Keith M. Johnston]: Tony, just to get us started, to get a personal perspective\u2026 how did you make the move from editing into trailer production? [PAR] TS [Tony Sloman]: From the start, I wanted to progress on the classic route, from second assistant editor to dubbing assistant, first assistant, dubbing editor, editor, director\u2026 but [by the late 1960s] that route no longer existed because it was cheaper to hire people who had written a script, and get them to, you know, get an editor sorted out\u2026 but it was a great time to be working, it was really the end of the studio system \u2013 I worked in every studio\u2026 so I ended up track laying, and shooting effects, shooting post-sync, working with the director\u2026 generally, I wasn\u2019t bad at what I did \u2013 I was peculiar, I was interested in film and to my horror, most people working in films were not, which was advantageous, because when the dubbing editor I was working for was listening to the cricket all the summer, I ended up track laying, shooting effects and dialogue, performance for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (Hughes, 1968), because the director Ken Hughes was still directing the film! [PAR] [PAR] KMJ: But moving into the editing side of the industry was always your aim? [PAR] TS: That was a conscious decision, I didn\u2019t want to do cameras\u2026 in my growing up period, it very slowly dawned on me, what is specific and peculiar that makes film work\u2026 editing \u2013 cutting as it was called in slang\u2026 was peculiar and specific to film. And when I kind of realised that, and that several of my own favourite directors were editors first\u2026 [people like] David Lean, Alan Resnais and John Sturgess\u2026 I decided to centre on trying to get into the cutting rooms rather than on the [studio] floor\u2026 [PAR] [PAR] KMJ: And did the experience of working in cutting rooms help you get established in trailer production? [PAR] TS: I don\u2019t see how you could make trailers without editing experience. It\u2019s interesting that when I met the trailer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II\u2019s Wedding | L'Atelier Blanc Queen Elizabeth II\u2019s Wedding | L'Atelier Blanc [PAR] Contact [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II\u2019s Wedding [PAR] This year the Queen celebrates 60 years on the throne. To celebrate her Diamond Jubilee we take a closer look at her wedding \u2013 from that fabulous gown to the impressive cake and even their wedding favours\u2026 [PAR] The Queen is the first British monarch to have celebrated a diamond wedding anniversary! The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh were married in Westminster Abbey on 20 November, 1947 at 1130GMT. There were over 2,000 guests at the royal occasion, including King and Queen of Denmark, the King and Queen of Yugoslavia, the Kings of Norway, Romania and the Shah of Iran. [PAR] The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh first met at a wedding! They were both in attendance at another royal wedding \u2013 Philip\u2019s cousin, Princess Marina of Greece to The Duke of Kent, who was an uncle of the then Princess Elizabeth, in 1934. She was 13 and he was 18. [PAR] The engagement between Princess Elizabeth and Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten RN was announced on the 9 July 1947, although they had become secretly engaged one year earlier in 1946. They kept it secret for a year because Elizabeth\u2019s family opposed her marrying at such a young age. [PAR] Philip reportedly proposed to his bride-to-be during a walk around the grounds of Balmoral \u2013 so romantic! [PAR] The Queen\u2019s platinum and diamond engagement ring was made by the jewellers Philip Antrobus, using diamonds from a tiara belonging to Philip\u2019s mother. And her wedding ring was made from a nugget of Welsh gold which came from the Clogau St David\u2019s mine, near Dolgellau. [PAR] Philip had two stag parties the night before the wedding \u2013 the first at the Dorchester (pictured) to which the press were invited and the second with his closest friends at the Belfry Club. [PAR] The Queen\u2019s wedding dress was designed by Sir Norman Hartnell, who had submitted designs for the dress in August 1947. [PAR] Elizabeth famously saved up her ration cards to purchase the material needed for her wedding gown. The fabric for the dress was woven at Winterthur Silks Limited, Dunfermline, in the Canmore factory, using silk that had come from Chinese silkworms at Lullingstone Castle. [PAR] The gown was decorated with more than 10,000 white pearls imported from America, silver thread and tulle embroidery. It also included a 15-foot patterned full court train attached at the shoulders and ivory duchess sating high heels, also embellished with silver and pearls. [PAR] The Queen\u2019s bridal veil was made of tulle and held by a tiara of diamonds. This tiara was made for Queen Mary in 1919. It was made from re-used diamonds taken from a necklace/tiara purchased by Queen Victoria from Collingwood and Co and a wedding present for Queen Mary in 1893. [PAR] The bride\u2019s wedding bouquet was supplied by the Worshipful Company of Gardeners and arranged by the florist MH Longman. It had white orchids with a sprig of myrtle from the bush grown from the original myrtle in Queen Victoria\u2019s wedding bouquet. An identical copy of the bouquet was made and presented to The Queen on her Golden Wedding in 1997. [PAR] After the wedding, the dress was exhibited at St James\u2019s Palace and was then shown in the capital towns of the British Isles and in Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, Preston, Leicester, Nottingham, Manchester, Bradford, Leeds and Huddersfield. [PAR] The grave of the Unknown Warrior was the only stone that was not covered by the special"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Is Axel Springer, the Company Behind Business ... - Adweek Who Is Axel Springer, the Company Behind Business Insider's $343 Million Acquisition? | Adweek [PAR] Who Is Axel Springer, the Company Behind Business Insider's $343 Million Acquisition? [PAR] German publisher is on a U.S. spending spree By Chris Ariens [PAR] September 29, 2015, 11:36 AM EDT [PAR] The Press [PAR] Business Insider is just the latest American media investment for Axel Springer. [PAR] Axel Springer's $343 million acquisition of Business Insider this morning gives the German publisher 97 percent of the news site and events company. And it is the continuation of the Berlin-based company's rapid-fire investing in stateside digital media. [PAR] Since March 2014, Axel Springer has been the biggest investor in OZY.com , a news and culture site that counts Steve Jobs' widow, Laurene Powell Jobs, as an investor. And it's invested in Lerer Hippeau Ventures, the digital media fund of Huffington Post co-founder Ken Lerer and former CEO Eric Hippeau. [PAR] The German firm also has stakes in popular news platform Mic.com ; social video news company NowThis Media; and Ashton Kutcher's media start-up A Plus. And in April, the company partnered with Politico for a European edition of the D.C.-based politics site, which has its own global ambitions . [PAR] Axel Springer is the largest publishing house in Europe. The company was built from the ruble of post-World War II Germany in 1946 by journalist Axel Springer and his father, first with one newspaper serving Northwest Germany. Today, its flagship tabloid Bild is the most-circulated newspaper in Europe with more than 12 million daily readers. [PAR] Business Insider, which Henry Blodget began as Silicon Alley Insider in 2007, got a $5 million shot in the arm in 2013 when Amazon founder Jeff Bezos invested in the company. As of today, Bezos owns 3 percent of the publication. [PAR] Today's deal now values Business Insider at $442 million. Founder Blodget will remain at the helm, as will COO Julie Hansen. [PAR] A German edition of Business Insider has already been announced and will launch in the fourth quarter. [PAR] Get the Daily Digest newsletter: [PAR] Check out our other newsletters: [PAR] Daily Digest[DOC] [TLE] Axel Springer buys Business Insider | Business | DW.COM ... Axel Springer buys Business Insider | Business | DW.COM | 30.09.2015 [PAR] Business [PAR] Axel Springer buys Business Insider [PAR] The German publishing house has purchased online business news site Business Insider, a popular site with the younger, digital generation. The acquisition makes Springer the world's sixth-largest in digital publishing. [PAR] Axel Springer (AS) announced has from its Berlin headquarters that it now owns 97 percent of New York-based Business Insider (BI) - a respected online business-focused news website aimed at savvy Millennial readers launched just a few years ago. [PAR] AS had already owned 9 percent of BI's shares. It has now paid $343 million (306 million euros) to buy an additional 88 percent. The remaining three percent of BI's shares are in the hands of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, who bought into BI in 2013. [PAR] In a press release, the German publishing house said adding BI to its portfolio of online journalism sites would increase its global online readership to about 200 million. As a result of the acquisition, AS now claims a spot among the top six online publishing houses globally, as measured by size of readers. [PAR] Axel Springer CEO Mathias D\u00f6pfner's strategy is to move the influential media company's publications online [PAR] Axel Springer publishing house is moving online [PAR] Matthias D\u00f6pfner, CEO of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 8 major types of red wines - French Scout The 8 major types of red wines - French Scout [PAR] Syrah, cabernet, zinfandel are red grape [PAR] varieties [PAR] . This page describes wine styles by variety and production area. [PAR] If only one [PAR] (merlot, cabernet sauvignon) is mentioned on the label, then the wine is called [PAR] varietal [PAR] and is named after the grape with a capital initial (Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon). Varietal wines primarily show the fruit: how the wine tastes much depends on the grape variety. [PAR] [PAR] Syrah (or Shiraz) [PAR] (Sah-ra or Shi-raz) Syrah and shiraz are two names for the same variety. Europe vintners only use the name syrah. [PAR] Food pairings: meat (steak, beef, wild game, stews, etc.) [PAR] Districts: syrah excels in California, in Australia, and in France\u2019s Rhone Valley. [PAR] Typical taste in varietal wine: aromas and flavors of wild black fruit (such as blackcurrant), with overtones of black pepper spice and roasting meat. The abundance of fruit sensations is often complemented by warm alcohol and gripping tannins . [PAR] Toffee notes if present come not from the fruit but from the wine having rested in oak barrels. [PAR] The shiraz variety gives hearty, spicy reds. While shiraz is used to produce many average wines it can produce some of the world\u2019s finest, deepest, and darkest reds with intense flavors and excellent longevity. You\u2019ll discover Syrahs of value and elegance by reading my reviews of French wines . [PAR] [PAR] Merlot [PAR] (Mare-lo) Easy to drink. The softness of Merlot has made it an \"introducing\" wine for new red-wine drinkers. [PAR] Food pairings: any will do. [PAR] Districts: a key player in the Bordeaux blend , merlot is now also grown in Italy, Romania, California, Washington State, Chile, Australia, etc. It is the fourth wine grape variety in terms of coverage worldwide (after sultanine blanche, airen blanc, and grenache noir). [PAR] Typical taste in varietal wine: typical scents include blackcherry, plums and herbal flavors. The texture is round but a middle palate gap is common. The Merlot type of wine is less tannic (rough) than Cabernet Sauvignon. [PAR] [PAR] Cabernet sauvignon [PAR] (Ca-burr-nay so-veen-yaw) Widely accepted as one of the world\u2019s best varieties. Cabernet sauvignon is often blended with cabernet franc and merlot . It usually undergoes oak treatment. [PAR] Food pairings: best with simply prepared red meat. [PAR] Districts: cabernet sauvignon is planted wherever red wine grapes grow except in the Northern fringes such as Germany. It is part of the great red M\u00e9doc wines of France, and among the finest reds in Australia, California and Chile. [PAR] Typical taste in varietal wine: full-bodied, but firm and gripping when young. [PAR] With age, polyphenols polymerize: the grip fades away. The rich currant qualities of the Cabernet Sauvignon wine change to that of pencil box. Bell pepper notes remain. [PAR] Another article deals with the health benefits of polyphenols . [PAR] Vanilla notes if present come not from the fruit but from the oak treatment. They increase review ratings but may overwhelm the varietal taste . [PAR] [PAR] (San-gee-oh-ve-zee) [PAR] Food pairings: a good choice for Italian and other Mediterranean-style cuisines. [PAR] Districts: sangiovese produces the Chiantis of Italy\u2019s Tuscany region and, of late, good wines from California. [PAR] Typical taste in varietal wine: the primary style is medium-bodied with fresh berry and plum flavors. [PAR] [PAR] (Bar-bear-a) Not as popular as Merlot but with similar attributes. [PAR] Food pairings: barbera wines are versatile: they match many dishes, including tomato sauces. [PAR] Districts: another classic red of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coldplay's Quiet Storm - Rolling Stone Coldplay's Quiet Storm - Rolling Stone [PAR] Coldplay's Quiet Storm [PAR] Matt Taibbi's New Book: 'Insane Clown President' [PAR] Coldplay's Quiet Storm [PAR] Led by a man who's been proclaimed the world's sexiest vegetarian, they've have become the biggest rock band of the year, if not the coolest [PAR] Jonny Buckland, Chris Martin, Guy Berryman and Will Champion of Coldplay pose at a studio session to promote the band's new album 'X&Y' at the W Hotel in New York City, on May 17th, 2005. Credit: Dave Hogan/Getty [PAR] All Stories [PAR] The morning after four bombs detonate in London, Chris Martin climbs aboard a Number Twenty-nine red double-decker bus and up its winding stairs. As we slowly putter south down Camden Road, Martin whips back the top of his hooded sweat shirt, smiles and says, \"I haven't done this in so long.\" He's not talking about riding public transportation but rather about a visit to his old neighborhood, where he and Coldplay first started writing, rehearsing and performing the songs that would shape the group's rise to the top of the charts. Soon we are riding by the former Laurel Tree club, the site of Coldplay's very first gig \u2013 a sold-out affair under the awful name Starfish \u2013 and where they scored their first paycheck, for 80 pounds (about $130), and split it four ways. Further on, past the Lord Stanley pub, home to early band meetings and more than a few drunken nights, we hop off the bus and stroll up to a dingy three-story house at 268 Camden Road. Martin looks up to the second-story flat, once the headquarters of a Clash fan club. But in 1999. It was the apartment he shared with future Coldplay guitarist Jonny Buckland and two of their mates. \"That's where we had our very first rehearsal,\" he says pointing to Buckland's room. \"We had drules and everything and as long as we quit playing before midnight, no one complained. In no other house in London could you get away with that,\" For a moment be stands quietly as his brain floods with memories. \"It's a dump, right\" he says, breaking the silence. \"But we used to love it. I still love it with a passion. That's where we wrote the songs that got us signed. Right in there.\" [PAR] More News [PAR] All Stories [PAR] Christopher Anthony John Martin was born 190 miles southwest of London. As a child growing up in the sheltered, white, Church of England fearing town of Exeter, \"I just didn't know anything about the outside world,\" he says. His mother was a teacher and his father an accountant, and one of Martin's earliest memories is of his parents returning from holiday in Venice and presenting him with a child-size guitar. But soon it was gathering dust and Martin had developed an attraction to the family piano. His musical world was flipped upside down at age eleven, when a new music teacher, Steven Tanner, arrived at his school with keyboards. \"Before that, our music teacher was very classically based,\" says Martin. \"But Steven told us that music was for everybody, and just because you didn't have classical training doesn't mean you can't play. Which was incredible. No one ever told us that was possible.\" He quickly wrote his first instrumental piece, loosely based on the Beverly Hills Cop theme song, \"Axel F,\" but he wasn't yet thinking of music as his calling. \"When you're born into a middle-class white family in the county of Devon, there are things that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to score points - BBC News BBC SPORT | Rugby League | Laws & Equipment | How to score points [PAR] How to score points [PAR] There are four main ways to score in rugby league: [PAR] Try - four points [PAR] A try is worth four points - the maximum number of points you can score in one go in rugby league. [PAR] It is scored when a player puts the ball on the ground with \"downward pressure\" (very important) inside the opposition's in-goal area between the try line and dead ball line. [PAR] If a defender makes an offence while the opposition are about to score a try, then the referee can award a penalty kick in front of the posts after the conversion kick. [PAR] This means the opposition can score eight points if they are successful in scoring the try, the goal kick and the penalty kick. [PAR] But if the try was not scored because of the offence, the referee will award a penalty try in front of the posts, as well as the extra penalty kick. [PAR] Goal kick - two points [PAR] A team is awarded a goal kick after a try has been scored. The team has the chance to \"convert\" the kick at goal for two further points. [PAR] The kick is taken from a point level with where the try was scored. [PAR] The kick is successful if the ball goes between the opposition's goalposts and above the crossbar. [PAR] Penalty - two points [PAR] The referee will award a penalty when an offence has occurred. [PAR] A player can punt, drop kick or take a place kick anywhere behind where the offence took place. [PAR] They also have the choice of kicking for goal or for touch. [PAR] A kick for goal is worth two points if successful. [PAR] But to be successful, the ball has to go through the opposition's goalposts, above the crossbar. [PAR] Two touch judges will raise their flags if the penalty is successfully kicked. [PAR] If the team who gave away the penalty argue or commit further offences, the referee will punish them by taking the penalty 10 metres forward towards their goal-line. [PAR] The team kicking also gets a new set of six tackles to play with. [PAR] Play is re-started by placing the ball on the ground 10 metres into the field of play, parallel to where the ball went out to touch. [PAR] Teams can kick in any direction even backwards if they want to find space for a set play. [PAR] Drop goal - one point [PAR] A drop goal can be a spectacular way of scoring. If successful it will add one point to a team's score. [PAR] A drop goal is scored when a player kicks the ball from hand through the opposition's goal posts, above the crossbar. [PAR] However, the ball must touch the ground between being dropped and kicked.[DOC] [TLE] Scoring - Rugby Football History Rugby Football History [PAR] All Blacks Barbarians Canada British & Irish Lions Ireland Scotland Springboks USA Wales Wallabies [PAR] Introduction [PAR] In early rugby as played at rugby school, the only scores came from goals and there was no points value associated with scoring. The 1845 rules stated that in order to take a punt at goal (this had to be a 'place kick' not a' drop kick') a \"TRY at goal\" had to be earned by touching the ball down between the posts. The ball was then \"punted\" over the bar and between the posts without touching"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About: Sean Reed - DBpedia About: Sean Reed [PAR] About: Sean Reed [PAR] An Entity of Type : athlete , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] Sean Reed (born 28 June 1965) is an English-born Australian darts player. [PAR] Property [PAR] Sean Reed (born 28 June 1965) is an English-born Australian darts player. [PAR] (en) [PAR] Sean Reed (born 28 June 1965) is an English-born Australian darts player. [PAR] (en)[DOC] [TLE] Sean Reed Facebook, Twitter & MySpace on PeekYou Sean Reed Facebook, Twitter & MySpace on PeekYou [PAR] 1) Sean Reed's Phone & Current Address [PAR] View All Details [PAR] 2) Social Media Profiles & More - Search Free! [PAR] View All Details [PAR] Sean Reed's Phone #, Address & More [PAR] View All Details [PAR] Sean Reed's Contact Info, Social Profiles & More [PAR] View All Details [PAR] Sean Reed - Get Contact Information [PAR] Phone Number [PAR] Sean Reed - Reverse Phone Search - Get Photos & Online Profiles Instantly! [PAR] Phone Number [PAR] View Sean's Hidden Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, sean****@gmail [PAR] View Sean's Hidden Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, sean****@yahoo [PAR] View Sean's Hidden Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, sean****@hotmail [PAR] View Sean's Hidden Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, sean****@aol [PAR] View Sean's Hidden Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, sean****@outlook"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jailhouse Rock | film by Thorpe [1957] | Britannica.com Jailhouse Rock | film by Thorpe [1957] | Britannica.com [PAR] film by Thorpe [1957] [PAR] Jailhouse Rock, American rock-and-roll film , released in 1957, that starred Elvis Presley in his third screen role. Widely considered his best film, it is primarily distinguished by a memorable title song and creative production numbers. [PAR] Film still of Elvis Presley in Jailhouse Rock (1957). [PAR] \u00a9 1957 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc.; photograph, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [PAR] Vince Everett (played by Presley) is imprisoned for manslaughter following his participation in a bar brawl. While serving his sentence, and with the help of a fellow inmate, Everett discovers he has a knack for writing and performing music. Upon his release, he becomes a singing sensation but must navigate the pitfalls of both fame and new love. Peggy Van Alden (played by Judy Tyler) is the talent agent who helps him on his way up. [PAR] Judy Tyler and Elvis Presley in Jailhouse Rock (1957), directed by Richard \u2026 [PAR] \u00a9 1957 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. [PAR] Jailhouse Rock is highly popular with Presley fans because it depicts \u201cthe King\u201d at a time in his career when his talent was still raw and untamed. In most of his later cinematic endeavours, his business manager, Col. Tom Parker , forbade Presley to stray too far from a \u201csafe\u201d image, but the film\u2019s engrossing plot allows its star to play a character with a degree of emotional depth. Presley, however, refused to watch the completed film after his costar Tyler was killed in a car accident just weeks after shooting for the movie had ended. [PAR] Production notes and credits [PAR] Writers: Nedrick Young and Guy Trosper [PAR] Music: Jeff Alexander [PAR] Judy Tyler (Peggy Van Alden) [PAR] Mickey Shaughnessy (Hunk Houghton)[DOC] [TLE] Jailhouse Rock (1957) - IMDb Jailhouse Rock (1957) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After serving time for manslaughter, young Vince Everett becomes a teenage rock star. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Guy Trosper (screenplay), Nedrick Young (story) (as Ned Young) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 16 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 25 Apr 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 30 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Jailhouse Rock \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] At the end of the Civil War, a Confederate team is ordered to rob a Union payroll train but the war ends leaving these men with their Union loot, until the Feds come looking for it. [PAR] Director: Robert D. Webb [PAR] Having flunked graduation for a second time and needing cash to support his crabby (and thus unemployed) father, Danny Fisher takes a job as a singer in the King Creole nightclub - about ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Michael Curtiz [PAR] Tulsa is a specialist in the US Army stationed in Germany. He loves to sing and has dreams to run"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant Panda) - IUCN Red List Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant Panda) [PAR] Home \u00bb Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant Panda) [PAR] Ailuropoda melanoleuca [PAR] Synonym(s): [PAR] Ursus melanoleucus David, 1869 [PAR] Taxonomic Notes: The Qinling Mountains population is a distinctive genetic cluster and is significantly different from other mountain populations (L\u00fc et al. 2001, Zhang, B. et al. 2007), diverging ~0.3 million years ago, corresponding with the onset of the Penultimate Glaciation (Zhao et al. 2013). Some argue that it should be considered a separate subspecies (Wan et al. 2003, 2005), although subspecies designation is controversial and not widely accepted. Nonetheless, there is greater consensus that this population should be managed as a conservation unit to retain genetic structure and any localized adaptation. [PAR] Vulnerable C2a(i); D1 ver 3.1 [PAR] Year Published: [PAR] Swaisgood, R., Wang, D. & Wei, F. [PAR] Reviewer(s): [PAR] Rong, H. [PAR] Justification: [PAR] The Fourth National Survey (2011-2014) produced an estimated range-wide population of 1,864 Giant Pandas, excluding dependent young <1.5 years of age (State Forestry Administration 2015). Although no formal demographic analysis is available, there are demographic data available to enable estimation of age-related population composition (Sichuan Forestry Department 2015): if the population consists of 9.6% cubs, then the total population of Pandas is approximately 2,060. Mature adults are estimated to compose 50.5% of the total population, yielding an estimate of 1,040. Although this estimate does not contain confidence intervals, clearly the lower confidence interval would fall below 1,000 mature individuals, which meets the small population size criteria (D1) for Vulnerable. [PAR] Additionally, the species falls under criteria C2. The Panda population is fragmented into subpopulations, each of which contains <1,000 adults (given that the total population is <1,000 adults); however, the size of the largest population is unknown given uncertainty in how much connectivity remains. It appears that at least one distinct populations in the Minshan mountains contains >400 mature individuals (State Forestry Administration 2015), so the species does not meet the criteria for Endangered (EN). The most tentative part of listing under C2 is a continued population decline. [PAR] Evidence from a series of range-wide national surveys indicate that the previous population decline has been arrested, and the population has started to increase (State Forestry Administration 2015). Although inconsistencies in data collection methods, analysis, and sampling area make direct comparisons from survey results difficult, population estimates have consistently increased across survey since the Second National Survey conducted during 1985-1988. Initial uncertainties regarding whether modest population increases observed in the Third National Survey (2000-2004) were real warranted maintaining the Endangered status for the Giant Panda in the previous Red List assessment. Recent data from the Fourth National Survey (2011-2014) remove this uncertainty (State Forestry Administration 2015), and it is widely believed that the population has stabilized and has begun to increase in many parts of the range. [PAR] An increase in available habitat and an expanding occupied range provide further support for the contention that Panda numbers are increasing. Forest protection and reforestation measures have increased forest cover in China (FAO 2010), and have supported an 11.8% increase in occupied habitat and 6.3% increase in unoccupied but suitable habitat between the Third and Fourth National Surveys (State Forestry Administration 2015). A survey of expert opinion among Giant Panda experts in the IUCN Bear Specialist Group was consistent with the results of the national survey: all believed that the Panda population was stable or increasing and that available habitat was increasing. [PAR] Although the population is currently increasing, climate change is predicted to eliminate >35% of the Panda's bamboo habitat in the next"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1962 #2. Stranger On The Shore - Acker Bilk - YouTube 1962 #2. Stranger On The Shore - Acker Bilk - YouTube [PAR] 1962 #2. Stranger On The Shore - Acker Bilk [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 5, 2015 [PAR] \"Stranger on the Shore\" is a piece for clarinet written by Acker Bilk for his young daughter and originally named \"Jenny\" after her. It was subsequently used as the theme tune of a BBC TV drama serial for young people, Stranger on the Shore. It was first released in 1961 in the UK, and then in the US, and reached number 1 in the US and number 2 in the UK. [PAR] In May 1969, the crew of Apollo 10 took \"Stranger on the Shore\" on their mission to the moon. Gene Cernan, a member of the crew, included the tune on a cassette tape used in the command module of the Apollo spacecraft. [PAR] The track, performed by Bilk (as \"Mr. Acker Bilk\") with backing by the Leon Young String Chorale, was released as a single on Columbia Records in October 1961, with the label of the single openly proclaiming \"Theme from the BBC TV. Series\". The B-side was \"Take My Lips\". The single became a phenomenal success, topping the NME singles chart and spending nearly a year on the Record Retailer Top 50. It was the UK's biggest-selling single of 1962, the biggest-selling instrumental single of all time, and appears fifty-eighth in the official UK list of best-selling singles issued in 2002. it has sold 1.16 million copies as of November 2012. One of songwriter and music publisher Robert Mellin's major songwriting successes came in 1962, when he wrote lyrics for Acker Bilk's instrumental smash \"Stranger on the Shore,\" allowing it to be covered by vocal acts like Andy Williams and the Drifters. [PAR] On 26 May 1962, \"Stranger on the Shore\" became the first British recording to reach number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 where it was issued by Atlantic Records on the Atco label, but it was quickly followed, on 22 December, by the Tornados' \"Telstar\", another instrumental. In the pre-rock era, Vera Lynn's \"Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart\" had reached #1 in 1952, on the shorter \"Best Sellers In Stores\" survey. After \"Telstar\", the next British performers to top the U.S. charts were the Beatles, with their first Capitol Records single \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\". \"Stranger on the Shore\" was Billboard's #1 single of 1962, and it spent seven weeks atop the \"Easy Listening\" chart, which later became known as the Adult Contemporary chart. The tune became the second of three \"one-hit wonders\" named \"pop single of the year\" by Billboard (the others being 1958's \"Volare (Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu)\" by Domenico Modugno and 2006's \"Bad Day\" by Daniel Powter. [PAR] The song is certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Caspar Badrutt - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia Caspar Badrutt - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [PAR] I am Smart, Intelligent and Hard Working who Loves to help :) [PAR] Caspar Badrutt [PAR] Name Caspar Badrutt [PAR] Died 1904 [PAR] Swiss hotelier and tourism entrepreneur Caspar Badrutt (1848\u20131904) was almost singlehandedly responsible for the origin of several modern winter sporting activities. These began when he sought to provide opportunities fun and frolic on the picturesque but cold slopes outside his first hotel in St Moritz, Switzerland. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] St. Moritz in the 19th century was known as a summer Mineral spa town where the rich and royal took mineral cures during the months of May through September. However, Badrutt was not content with having two thirds of the year without guests. [PAR] So, at the end of one season, Badrutt challenged some of his well-to-do English regulars to a bet: he would give them lodging for free if they found the locale inhospitable and uninteresting during a lengthy winter stay. Otherwise, if he won their satisfaction, the guests would have to talk up the experience amongst their acquaintances for all of the following year. The five gentlemen were well connected among the aristocracy of the day \u2014 including many scions of royal lines and other European nobles. [PAR] Almost overnight, wintering in St Moritz at Badrutt's Kulm hotel became the rage, and increased crowding led to a search for diversions. Beginning in the 1870s, some Englishmen adapted a type of delivery sled for daring dashes down twisting narrow streets of St. Moritz. Subsequently, other tourists wanted a Victorian ride, and larger steerable devices were contrived: the early Luge/Skeleton individual sleds, and the Bobsleigh (or Bobsled). [PAR] Careening around the town's streets became increasing popular, but the incidence and frequency of pedestrian collisions and risk to life grew proportionately. Therefore Badrutt stepped in and created the first purpose-built half-pipe track, now familiar from the Winter Olympic Games. This track later became the model for the Cresta Run skeleton racing track, built in 1884.[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games / Useful Notes - TV Tropes Olympic Games / Useful Notes - TV Tropes [PAR] of Greece ran the last lap alongside him. The second-place winner was also Greek, Kharilaos Vasilakos. [PAR] II \u2014 1900: Paris, France [PAR] Duration: May 14 \u2014 October 28 [PAR] Participating Athletes: 997 (975 men, 22 women) from 24 NOCsnote Argentina, Belgium, Bohemia, Canada, Cuba, India, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Russian Empire and Spain debut; Bulgaria and Chile withdraw [PAR] Number of sports: 19 [PAR] Highlights include women participating for the first time, with Swiss sailor H\u00e9l\u00e8ne de Pourtal\u00e8s [PAR] becoming the first female champion, as well as American runner Alvin Kraenzlein [PAR] winning the 60m relay (since discontinued after Saint Louis 1904), 110m hurdles, 200m hurdles and long jump \u2014 a record that stands to this day. The marathon's epic craziness involved a poorly laid-out course, leading to runners going in circles and two Americans claiming first place. (The winner, Michel Th\u00e9ato [PAR] , was Luxembourgian.) Largely seen at the time as a sideshow to the Exposition Universelle (World's Fair) that Paris was hosting that year. It wasn't even called the Olympic Games; the French organizers insisted on calling it an \"international sports competition\". Pierre de Coubertin remarked afterward that he was surprised that the \"Olympic Movement\" survived these games. [PAR] III \u2014 1904: Saint Louis, Missouri, USA [PAR] Duration: July 1 \u2014 November 23 [PAR] Participating Athletes: 651 (645 men, 6 women) from 12 NOCsnote South Africa debuts; Argentina, Belgium, Bohemia, Denmark, India, Italy, Mexico,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Boston Strangler (1968) - IMDb The Boston Strangler (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A series of brutal murders in Boston sparks a seemingly endless and increasingly complex manhunt. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 07 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2016 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 4 days ago [PAR] Title: The Boston Strangler (1968) [PAR] 7.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Based on the real-life case of the British serial killer John Christie, and what happened to his neighbours Tim and Beryl Evans. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] Two wealthy law-school students go on trial for murder in this version of the Leopold-Loeb case. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] Boston, Mass. 1962: Thirteen innocent women were brutally slaughtered by a faceless monster. Now, through the eyes of the killer himself, we are taken on a sadistic journey from the jail ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Keith Walley [PAR] During the Korean War, Italian nurse Virna Lisi falls in love with two American fliers, Tony Curtis and George C. Scott. Lisi marries Curtis after he convinces her that Scott has been ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Norman Panama [PAR] In 1943, in the wake of the Allied amphibious landing on the Japanese held Bougainville Island, four Marines are sent to scout the location of Japanese minefields. [PAR] Director: Stuart Heisler [PAR] Tony Curtis plays an Indian (Nicknamed \"Chief\" by other soldiers) who fights in WWII and helps to raise the flag at Iwo Jima. [PAR] Director: Delbert Mann [PAR] In November 1941, American news photographer Johnny 'Bugsy' Williams manages to escape from the Japanese and finds himself back in Burma where he meets the beautiful Miss Haoli Young. ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] In New York City's Spanish Harlem, detectives Madigan and Bonaro are given 72 hours by their superior to capture a hoodlum wanted for homicide in Brooklyn. [PAR] Director: Don Siegel [PAR] Two escaped convicts chained together, white and black, must learn to get along in order to elude capture. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kramer [PAR] Studio publicist (Power) discovers Minnesota skating teacher (Henie) and takes her to Hollywood. She goes back to Minnesota but he follows her. [PAR] Director: Sidney Lanfield [PAR] Boston Strangler: The Untold Story is an intense true-crime thriller about Albert De Salvo, a wise cracking, small time criminal with an unrelenting sex drive, who ultimately falsely ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Michael Feifer [PAR] In 13th-century Tangiers, regent Mustapha hires a paid assassin to kill baby Prince Hussein in order to usurp his throne but the assassin has second thoughts and steals the baby for himself. [PAR] Director: Rudolph Mat\u00e9 [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Boston is being terrorized by a series of seemingly random murders of women. Based on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] John Lennon Meets Yoko Ono - John Lennon | HowStuffWorks John Lennon Meets Yoko Ono - John Lennon | HowStuffWorks [PAR] John Lennon Meets Yoko Ono [PAR] Prev Next [PAR] \u00a9 [PAR] 6 Mason\u2019s Yard, in the center of London, the former site of the Indica Gallery, where John Lennon and Yoko Ono first met on November 9, 1966. [PAR] When John Lennon visited the Indica Gallery in Central London on November 9, 1966, in order to attend a private preview of an exhibition Unfinished Paintings and Objects, it wasn't purely due to artistic interest. [PAR] More to the point, he had been enticed by the gallery's co-owner, John Dunbar (ex-husband of singer Marianne Faithfull), who had told him about a \"happening\" that would be taking place there, featuring a Japanese woman from New York in a black bag. As John revealed to Playboy interviewer David Sheff, this sounded to him like something to do with sex: \"Artsy-fartsy orgies. Great!\" [PAR] Up Next [PAR] How the RIAA Works [PAR] What John saw on his arrival hardly turned him on, however. The Japanese-American woman was certainly there, but instead of being inside a bag she was just walking around, arranging some of the objects that would form part of her display the following day. It was to be an avant-garde exhibition, dealing with progressive, decidedly offbeat art. John soon found himself gazing in astonishment at some of the items: A fresh apple on a stand, priced at \u00a3200 (at that time, $480), and a bag of nails, a bargain at just \u00a3100 ($240)! [PAR] \"I thought this is a con; what the hell is this,\" he later recalled to BBC interviewer Andy Peebles. \"Nothing's happening in the bags. I'm expecting an orgy, you know ... and it's all quiet.\" [PAR] After being introduced to \"the millionaire Beatle,\" the woman handed him a little card that said simply, \"Breathe.\" John, although puzzled, responded politely with a quick pant. Next, his eyes settled on a ladder leading up to a canvas suspended from the ceiling, with a spyglass hanging from it on the end of a chain. Climbing to the top of the ladder, he looked through the spyglass to read a word printed in tiny letters. [PAR] \"You're on this ladder -- you feel like a fool, you could fall any minute -- and you look through it and it just says 'YES,' \" he told David Sheff in 1980. \"Well, all the so-called avant-garde art at the time, and everything that was supposedly interesting, was all negative; this smash-the-piano-with-a-hammer, break-the-sculpture, boring, negative crap. It was all anti-, anti-, anti-. Anti-art, anti-establishment. And just that 'YES' made me stay in a gallery full of apples and nails, instead of just walking out saying, 'I'm not gonna buy any of this crap.'\" [PAR] The humor in the work, while downright strange to many people, was of a kind that appealed to John's sense of the absurd, and his interest was now taken. Nearby was an object called \"Hammer and Nail,\" consisting of a board with a chain and a hammer hanging on the end, and a bunch of nails positioned underneath. Could he hammer one of the nails in? \"No,\" was the initial reply. Tut, tut! The gallery owner pointed out to the artist that this was no way to treat a Beatle. Besides, with all his money, John might buy the piece! [PAR] John told Sheff in 1980, \"So there was this little conference and she finally said, 'Okay, you can hammer a nail in for five shillings [60 cents].'"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u200eThe Boat That Rocked (2009) directed by Richard Curtis ... \u200eThe Boat That Rocked (2009) directed by Richard Curtis \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] 3 [PAR] Despite its flaws (some of them almost hurtful, like blatant sexism, misogyny and homophobia - but it is based in the 60's so I can almost forgive it as it's \"the times\") I adore this movie. It's a character based, rock and roll fueled, riot. [PAR] What it lacks in actual plot, it's through characterisation and genuine laughs, that it makes up for it in spades. There's a fantastic list of actors in this comedy, including but not limited to; Bill Nighy, Rhys Ifans, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Nick Frost, Katherine Parkinson, Chris O'Dowd, Emma Thompson, Kenneth Branagh, Jack Davenport, Rhys Darby...................... and it goes on - they are all great and seem as though they are genuinely having a good time\u2026 [PAR] Review by Andy Summers \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 [PAR] Back in the late Seventies there was a little station that we'd listen to called Radio Caroline North. It was hard to tune it in as it was in the old medium wave band and was effected by weather and other obstacles that being a pirate radio station attracted. Broadcasting from International waters, it managed to attract an almost clandestine audience who loved the thought of breaking the law. The Boat That Rocked reminded me a lot of those days, although the film is set back in 1966, it carried the same playful stigma that you were doing something and listening to something you shouldn't. Most of the tunes in the film are now considered classics and the colourful DJ's\u2026 [PAR] Review by Travis Lytle \u2605\u2605\u2605 [PAR] Despite an energetic soundtrack and an even more energetic cast, Richard Curtis' \"The Boat That Rocked,\" also known as \"Pirate Radio,\" can not muster the necessary energy to make the film stand up or stand out. The comedy, about a floating radio station in the 1960s, entertains but is far too dry to make a memorable cinematic splash. [PAR] Revolving around the rogue radio that defied English censorship by bringing '60s pop and rock the airwaves of the United Kingdom, \"The Boat That Rocked\" tells the story of the DJs that broadcast verboten tunes from the North Sea. Focusing on the collection of personalities aboard the floating rabble rouser, the story has a solid premise. Its conflicts, however, feel manufactured and\u2026"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul McCartney & Wings 'Band on the Run' (Lyric Video ... Paul McCartney & Wings 'Band on the Run' (Lyric Video) - YouTube [PAR] Paul McCartney & Wings 'Band on the Run' (Lyric Video) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 29, 2014 [PAR] http://www.PaulMcCartney.com [PAR] Directed and produced by visual artist Ben Ib. [PAR] April 2014 marks the 'Band on the Run' U.S. single's anniversary, released as a 7\" on 8th April, 1974 (28th June 1974 in the UK, fact fans!). [PAR] The 'Band on the Run' album was recorded in EMI Studios, Lagos and AIR Studios, London between August and October of 1973. Wings were without a drummer at the time so Paul stepped in and recorded all the drum tracks. It was during the Lagos sessions that Paul and Linda were mugged losing their money, camera and the original album demos to the thieves! [PAR] This unfortunate event didn't stop 'Band on the Run' from becoming Wings' most successful album. It was the top selling album in the UK in 1974 and reached no.1 in the US on 3 separate occasions. It has gone on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide. [PAR] The 'band on the run' on the iconic front cover features broadcasters Michael Parkinson and Clement Freud, singer / actor Kenny Lynch, actor James Coburn, actor Christopher Lee, boxer John Conteh as well as Paul, Linda and Denny Laine [PAR] The album was re-mastered and reissued in 2010 as the first release in the on-going Paul McCartney Archive Collection, featuring previously unreleased performances and rare documentary footage. [PAR] Get your copy of the remastered 'Band on the Run' here: [PAR] Amazon -- Click HERE: http://smarturl.it/PM_BotR_Azn"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert furlongs to mile - Conversion of Measurement Units Convert furlongs to mile - Conversion of Measurement Units [PAR] \u203a\u203a More information from the unit converter [PAR] How many furlongs in 1 mile? The answer is 8. [PAR] We assume you are converting between furlong [international] and mile. [PAR] You can view more details on each measurement unit: [PAR] The SI base unit for length is the metre. [PAR] 1 metre is equal to 0.0049709695379 furlongs, or 0.000621371192237 mile. [PAR] Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. [PAR] Use this page to learn how to convert between furlongs and miles. [PAR] Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units! [PAR] \u203a\u203a Want other units? [PAR] You can do the reverse unit conversion from mile to furlongs , or enter any two units below: [PAR] Enter two units to convert [PAR] From: [PAR] I'm feeling lucky, show me some random units . [PAR] \u203a\u203a Definition: Furlong [PAR] A furlong is a measure of distance within Imperial units and U.S. customary units, and is equal to 660 feet or 201.168 metres. There are eight furlongs in a mile. [PAR] Distances for thoroughbred horse races in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States are still given in miles and furlongs (example), but the unit is otherwise no longer in common use. It is heavily used within the rail industry (especially maintenance and repair services) in the UK, due to the legacy measurements and distance markers from when the tracks were first laid down. [PAR] Coincidentally, 5 furlongs is approximately 1 kilometer (1.00584 to be exact). [PAR] \u203a\u203a Definition: Mile [PAR] A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. Today, one mile is mainly equal to about 1609 m on land and 1852 m at sea and in the air, but see below for the details. The abbreviation for mile is 'mi'. There are more specific definitions of 'mile' such as the metric mile, statute mile, nautical mile, and survey mile. On this site, we assume that if you only specify 'mile' you want the statute mile. [PAR] \u203a\u203a Metric conversions and more [PAR] ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3\", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more![DOC] [TLE] Convert miles to furlong [international] - Conversion of ... Convert miles to furlong [international] - Conversion of Measurement Units [PAR] Convert miles to furlong [international] - [PAR] Conversion of Measurement Units [PAR] \u203a\u203a Convert mile to furlong [international] [PAR] miles [PAR] \u203a\u203a More information from the unit converter [PAR] How many miles in 1 furlong [international]? The answer is 0.125. [PAR] We assume you are converting between mile and furlong [international]. [PAR] You can view more details on each measurement unit: [PAR] The SI base unit for length is the metre. [PAR] 1 metre is equal to 0.000621371192237 miles, or 0.0049709695379 furlong [international]. [PAR] Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. [PAR] Use this page to learn how to convert between miles and furlongs. [PAR] Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units! [PAR] \u203a\u203a Want other units? [PAR] You can do the reverse unit conversion from furlong [international] to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United States presidential election, 2004 (President ... United States presidential election, 2004 (President McCain) | Alternative History | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] United States presidential election, 2004 (President McCain) [PAR] 40,872pages on [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] United States presidential election, 2004 [PAR] November 2, 2004 [PAR] 58.24% [PAR] 40.61% [PAR] Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by McCain/Bush (41 + D.C.), Blue denotes those won by Dean/Bayh (9). [PAR] President before election [PAR] John McCain [PAR] Republican [PAR] The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. It was the 55th consecutive quadrennial election for President and Vice President. Republican Party candidate and incumbent President John McCain defeated Democratic Party candidate Howard Dean, the former Governor of Vermont. Foreign policy and the economy was the dominant theme throughout the election campaign, particularly McCain's conduct of the War on Terrorism, the War in Afghanistan and the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. McCain capitalized on his popularity and experience while Dean's campaign suffered from several miscues. [PAR] Four states changed allegiance. Pennsylvania, New York, Michigan and Wisconsin voted Democratic in 2000, but voted Republican in 2004. The election also marked the first time in U.S. history that Washington, D.C. went for a Republican candidate. In the Electoral College, McCain received 420 votes, and Dean 118. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Background [PAR] John McCain won the presidency in 2000 over the Democratic candidate Al Gore in one of the closest elections in U.S. history. After a long night of results the fate of the election had come down to a close race in the final state of Florida. After several hours of vote counting, John McCain was announced the winner of the election and the forty third President of the United States of America at 3:17 AM EST. The McCain/Bush ticket received 277 electoral votes to Gore's 261. [PAR] Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed McCain into a wartime president. McCain's approval ratings surged to as high as 95%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States invaded Afghanistan, which had been sheltering Osama bin Laden, suspected mastermind of the September 11 attacks. By December, the Taliban had been removed as rulers of Kabul, and Osama bin Laden had been killed, although a long and ongoing military operation would follow. [PAR] The McCain administration then turned its attention to Iraq. The administration argued that the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent. One of the stated reasons was that Saddam's regime had tried to acquire nuclear material and had not properly accounted for biological and chemical material it was known to have previously possessed, potential weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in violation of U.N. sanctions. On March 10, 2003 several intelligence agencies, including CIA, SIS, BND and DGSE presented further evidence of VX nerve agent and present in Iraq, and as well presented evidence of parts of the Chemical weapons programme being transported by army trucks towards Syria. The news were received as partial proof of the Iraqi WMD programme, but that this alone was no reason to intervene militarily. Two days later, Iraq expelled Hans"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Difference Between Sorrel, Chestnut, And Red Roan Horses ... Difference Between Sorrel, Chestnut, And Red Roan Horses - KnowledgeNuts [PAR] KnowledgeNuts [PAR] Difference Between Sorrel, Chestnut, And Red Roan Horses [PAR] By Debra Kelly on Wednesday, December 18, 2013 [PAR] \u201cOhe, I cry a loud lament for Kalki! The little silver effigies which his postulants fashion and adore are well enough: but Kalki is a horse of another color.\u201d \u2014 James Branch Cabell, The Silver Stallion: A Comedy of Redemption [PAR] In A Nutshell [PAR] A red horse is a red horse, right? There\u2019s actually a variety of different types of coat colors that are applied to horses that might look very similar at first glance. A red roan is a horse that has white hairs mixed throughout the red. A sorrel horse is one that has a completely red base color and the possibility of white markings, while a chestnut horse is a much darker, brownish-red. [PAR] The Whole Bushel [PAR] Determining the correct term for a horse\u2019s color just based on appearance can be surprisingly difficult. Chestnut, sorrel, red roan, chestnut roan, bay roan . . . they\u2019re all terms used to describe horses that have a reddish or reddish-brown appearance. So what\u2019s the difference? [PAR] The easiest way to describe a sorrel horse is one that is a \u201ctrue\u201d red. A chestnut horse can often have a wine-colored appearance, or look brownish-red, while a sorrel is simply red. The red can be any shade, whether it\u2019s pale red or dark. Most have the same color throughout their body, mane, and tail, with no other markings (save occasional white on the face or legs). A sorrel horse can, however, have a blonde mane and tail, but if there are black markings anywhere on his body, that horse would then be considered chestnut. [PAR] Chestnut is another color that can be most basically described as red. A chestnut horse is usually darker than a sorrel, and includes horses that have a brown tint. The mane and tail can be the same color as the body, or blonde as in a sorrel horse. A red horse with a mane and tail that is so dark as to appear black is considered chestnut. It\u2019s important to note, though, that a chestnut horse doesn\u2019t have the genetic makeup to sport a black mane and tail; the appearance of such is only due to a very heavy red coloring that may make it appear black when placed against another color. [PAR] A red roan horse is one which has either a sorrel or chestnut coat that is interspersed with white hairs. \u201cRed roan\u201d is the generic term, \u201cchestnut roan\u201d or \u201csorrel roan\u201d are more specific terms based on the guidelines for deciding if a horse is sorrel or chestnut. In order to be considered a true roan, the horse must have white hairs through their entire coat. Some horses only show the roan pattern by their tails and across their bellies, a pattern more accurately called \u201crabicano.\u201d (A true roan may also show the white hairs only across their back.) If a true roan horse loses a patch of their coat, the hairs will not grow back white\u2014they will only grow back as the color of the base coat. [PAR] If all that wasn\u2019t confusing enough, don\u2019t forget that a young horse can be a completely different color than he will be once he loses his first coat. A foal who looks grey when he is born might be red once he matures. [PAR] Genetically, a sorrel horse and a chestnut"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Future Shock at 40: What the Tofflers Got Right (and Wrong ... Future Shock at 40: What the Tofflers Got Right (and Wrong) | Fast Company | Business + Innovation [PAR] Future Shock at 40: What the Tofflers Got Right (and Wrong) [PAR] Greg Lindsay 10.15.10 1:00 AM [PAR] In the opening minutes of Future Shock, a 1972 documentary based on the book of the same name, a bearded, cigar-puffing, world-weary Orson Welles staggers down an airport\u2019s moving walkway, treating the camera like a confidante. \"In the course of my work, which has taken me to just about every corner of the globe, I see many aspects of a phenomenon which I\u2019m just beginning to understand,\" he says. \"Our modern technologies have changed the degree of sophistication beyond our wildest dreams. But this technology has exacted a pretty heavy price. We live in an age of anxiety and time of stress. And with all our sophistication, we are in fact the victims of our own technological strengths \u2013- we are the victims of shock\u2026 a future shock.\" [PAR] Published in 1970, Future Shock made its author Alvin Toffler \u2014 a former student radical, welder, newspaper report and Fortune editor \u2014 a household name. Written with his wife (and uncredited co-author), Heidi Toffler, the book was The World Is Flat of its day, selling 6 million copies and single-handedly inventing futurism. The Third Wave followed a decade later, and a third dispatch from the future a decade after that. On the 40th anniversary of the book\u2019s publication (which I wrote about yesterday ), it\u2019s worth asking why the Tofflers\u2019 reputation seems stuck in the 1970s when their prognosis was more accurate than not. [PAR] \"Future shock is the shattering stress and disorientation that we induce in individuals by subjecting them to too much change in too short a time,\" the pair wrote. The accelerating changes they predicted included the \"electronic frontier\" of the Internet, Prozac, YouTube, cloning, home-schooling, the self-induced paralysis of too many choices, instant celebrities \"swiftly fabricated and ruthlessly destroyed,\" and the end of blue-collar \"second-wave\" manufacturing, to be replaced by a \"third wave\" of knowledge workers. Not bad for 1970. [PAR] Their misses included such classic Jetsonian tropes as underwater cities, handing teenagers the keys to the family spaceship, and the doubling of the planet\u2019s population in just 11 years. And don\u2019t ask Heidi Toffler about the paper clothes we\u2019d use once and throwaway like Kleenex. \"I was wrong,\" she said matter-of-factly at the book\u2019s anniversary conference on Thursday. \"But I was trying to make a larger point about a \"throw-away society.\" How many plastic water bottles did we throw away last year?\" [PAR] And then there are the Tofflerisms: [PAR] \"Change is not merely necessary to life \u2014 it is life.\" [PAR] \"Technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible.\" [PAR] \"The illiterate of the future will not be the person who cannot read. It will be the person who does not know how to learn.\" [PAR] And still Heidi\u2019s favorite: \"Change is the only constant.\" (I bet you\u2019d forgotten who said that. I had.) [PAR] Perhaps it says something about the Tofflers\u2019 reputation that while their contemporary Marshall McLuhan was adopted as the \" patron saint \" of early Wired,, the Toffler\u2019s most ardent admirer among the digerati was AOL founder Steve Case, who read The Third Wave while in college and was captivated by the notion of the \"electronic frontier.\" [PAR] \"Back then, nobody had PCs, and everything we take for granted wasn\u2019t there,\" Case told me at a dinner for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pink Floyd | The Official Site Pink Floyd | The Official Site [PAR] 2010s [PAR] 21 January 1973 [PAR] Session singer Clare Torry recorded her vocal for the song The Great Gig In The Sky at Abbey Road. The song was included on Pink Floyd's next album, The Dark Side Of The Moon. Work continued on the album at Abbey Road throughout the month. [PAR] 12 February 1973 [PAR] Pink Floyd played the first of eight performances with Roland Petit's Ballets de Marseille at the Palais des Sports in Paris. They performed One Of These Days, Careful With That Axe, Eugene, Obscured By Clouds, When You're In and Echoes to accompany Roland Petit's choreographed ballet. [PAR] 19 February 1973 [PAR] Pink Floyd staged three days of full production rehearsals at London's Rainbow Theatre in preparation for their forthcoming North American tour. [PAR] 27 February 1973 [PAR] EMI held a press reception for The Dark Side Of The Moon at the London Planetarium. Only Richard Wright attended the event; the other band members refused in protest at what they believed to be an inferior sound system brought in by EMI. [PAR] 4 March 1973 [PAR] Pink Floyd began a 16-date US tour at Dane County Memorial Coliseum in Madison, Wisconsin. The band were joined by saxophonist Dick Parry and backing vocalists Nawasa Crowder, and Phyllis and Mary Ann Lindsey. Their set list featured the whole of The Dark Side Of The Moon plus Obscured By Clouds, When You're In and Careful With That Axe, Eugene, with an encore of One Of These Days. The tour closed at Atlanta's Municipal Auditorium, when the US promoter cancelled a scheduled show in Florida believing that a Santana show in town would drastically reduce Pink Floyd's audience. [PAR] 10 March 1973 [PAR] The Dark Side Of The Moon was released in the US. Tracklisting: Speak To Me; Breathe (In The Air); On The Run; Time; The Great Gig In The Sky; Money; Us And Them; Any Colour You Like; Brain Damage; Eclipse. The album gave Pink Floyd their first No. 1 chart placing. [PAR] 23 March 1973 [PAR] The Dark Side Of The Moon was released in the UK. It reached No. 2 in the charts. [PAR] 7 May 1973 [PAR] Money (B-side: Any Colour You Like) was released in the US as a single and reached No. 13 in the charts. [PAR] 18 & 19 May 1973 [PAR] Pink Floyd played two nights at Earls Court Exhibition Hall, with additional personnel Dick Parry on saxophones and backing vocalists Liza Strike and Vicki Brown (mum of solo artist and future Floyd backing singer Sam Brown). The set list included the whole of The Dark Side Of The Moon. [PAR] 16 June 1973 [PAR] Pink Floyd returned to the US for their second American tour of the year. They played 13 shows, starting at New York's Saratoga Performing Arts Center and ending at Florida's Tampa Stadium. The band set a new record gross at New Jersey's Roosevelt Stadium by making $110,565 for a single performance. [PAR] 1 October 1973 [PAR] Pink Floyd began an intermittent 20 days of recording at Abbey Road studios, working on what became known as the 'Household Objects Project'. The group, assisted by engineer Alan Parsons, used elastic bands, wine glasses, matchsticks and sticky tape in place of conventional instruments to make music. [PAR] 4 November 1973 [PAR] Pink Floyd played two shows at London's Rainbow Theatre, as a benefit for ex-Soft Machine drummer Robert Wyatt. [PAR] 5 December 1973 [PAR] The Australian cult surf movie Crystal Voyager premiered in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egyptian Glossary - Egypt and Art Egyptian Glossary [PAR] This page must completely load before it will function properly. [PAR] The links on this page are to an image or further description. [PAR] You may need to use the \"Return\" button on your browser to return here. [PAR] A . B . C . D . E . F . G . H . I . J . K . L . M . N . O . P . Q . R . S . T . U . V . W . X . Y . Z [PAR] A [PAR] ABTU. . The Greeks called this place Abydos. It was the seat of worship of Osiris . It was also called Busiris, \"the house of Osiris\". Egyptian tradition says that the sun ended his daily journey at Abydos, and entered into the underworld here, through a gap in the mountains called \"peq\". In the 12th dynasty it was believed that the souls of the dead entered into the afterlife here. [PAR] AKER . . The double lion god, gaurdian of the sunrise and sunset. Gaurdian of the peaks that supported the sky . The western peak was called Manu , while the eastern peak was called Bakhu . [PAR] AKH. . The akh was the aspect of a person that would join the gods in the underworld being immortal and unchangeable. It was created after death by the use of funerary text and spells, designed to bring forth an akh. Once this was achieved that individual was assured of not \"dying a second time\" a death that would mean the end of one's existence. [PAR] AKHET . . This was the horizon from which the sun emerged and disappeared. The horizon thus embodied the idea of both sunrise and sunset. It is similar to the two peaks of the Djew or mountain symbol with a solar disk in the center. Both the beginning and the end of each day was guarded by Aker, a double lion god. In the New Kingdom, Harmakhet (\"Horus in the Horizon\") became the god of the rising and setting sun. He was pictured as a falcon, or as a sphinx with the body of a lion. The Great Sphinx of Giza is an example of \"Horus in the Horizon\". [PAR] AMARNA. . The name given to the historical time period under the rule of Amenophis IV / Akhenaten . During this time period there were unprecedented changes in the government, art and religion. [PAR] AMENTA . . The Underworld. Originally the place where the sun set, this name was later applied to the West Bank of the Nile where the Egyptians built their tombs. [PAR] AMMUT . . A female demon, she is found in The Book of the Dead , She plays an important role in the Hall of Maat . [PAR] AMULET. . A charm, often in the form of hieroglyphs, gods or sacred animals; made of precious stones or faience. They were worn like jewelry during life, and were included within the mummy wrappings for the afterlife. [PAR] AMUN . . A god who's cult center was the temple of Amun at Karnak . He was considered to be king of all the gods and the the creator of all things. [PAR] ANROSPHINX . . One of three varieties of Egyptian sphinx , having the head of a man. [PAR] ANKH . . A symbol of life, resembling a looped cross. It was later adapted by Coptic Christians as their cross. Widely used as an amulet. [PAR] ANTHROPOID."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Vocabaret: Beguiling Word Play by Adrian Hoad ... - Issuu The Vocabaret: Beguiling Word Play by Adrian Hoad-Reddick - issuu [PAR] THE VOCABARET [PAR] SEARCH THE WOODS [PAR] Write a type of wood or tree in each set of blanks\u2014from left to right, one letter per blank\u2014to complete a longer word. For example, given the pattern __ __ __ H O L __, you would insert 'PINE' in the blanks to spell 'PINHOLE'. If you can\u2019t think of a word with the pattern given, try dovetailing woods in the blanks to see if one of them forms a word. Answers, page 134. [PAR] 1. __ A L __ N __ __ __ 2. __ __ __ U __ T R __ D E 3. __ B __ I N T __ E 4. C __ M E B __ C __ 5. U N __ __ __ U __ __ __ 6. __ __ P R E __ __ __ Y 7. E __ __ B R O __ S 8. B O N __ __ __ E 9. F E E B __ E M __ __ __ __ D __ E S S 10. O __ I G __ __ __ __ Y 11. __ __ __ __ __ __ Z L E 12. B E E F S __ __ __ __ 13. M I __ __ __ O N O __ N __ __ 14. __ U T __ __ __ __ 15. __ __ __ __ __ E S S 16. __ __ __ D W A T __ __ E R 17. H __ __ __ E T 18. __ __ Y __ O __ __ 19. F O R __ __ __ D I __ G L __ 20. __ __ S E __ __ __ [PAR] KEYWORD what 3-letter keyword is found in the definitions of the following words? shillelagh, valomia, durmast, acorn, roble [PAR] __ __ __ [PAR] There are lots more KeyWord puzzles on page 63. Answers, page 134. [PAR] \u00a9 2013 Adrian Hoad-Reddick, www.hoadworks.com [PAR] THE VOCABARET [PAR] BEASTS AT BAY [PAR] This one was inspired by a puzzle of the same name by William R. Espy in The Game of Words Rhyming couplets provide the name of each beast contained in a larger word. Create your own clues and answers and be sure to send them in to hoad@hoadworks.com. I\u2019ll publish them on the Vocabaret. Answers, page 134. __________ 1. There's a word that holds a rat, and means had visions in sleep. [PAR] __________ 2. There's a word that holds a wren; a home of rabbits deep. [PAR] __________ 3. One that holds a hog is a Japanese potentate of lore, [PAR] __________ 4. One that holds a frog is a respite from the war. [PAR] __________ 5. One that holds a toad is a serious twister, [PAR] __________ 6. One that holds a ewe, adornments for wife (or sister.) [PAR] __________ 7. One that holds a newt deserves your full attention [PAR] __________ 8. One a puma holds, said of things that get second to last mention. [PAR] __________ 9. There's one that holds a seal and is an African Republic, [PAR] __________ 10. While the last holds a mule; the smallest bit of a compound pick. [PAR] PHRASE ONE [PAR] What do you think the expression\u201cbeasts at bay\u201d means? Does it have to do with a feature of geography? Or perhaps the sound a dog makes? Hint: The mechanics of this game might help you come up with a plausible theory. Answers,"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full text of \"Everybody's Illustrated book of puzzles\" Full text of \"Everybody's Illustrated book of puzzles\" [PAR] See other formats [PAR] THE ILLUSTRATED Hundred and Ninety-four Rebuses, Enigmts, Etc., with Answers. SAXON & CO., PUBLISHERS, BOUTERIE STREET, LONDON, RC 9F C*MF. LIBRJMT, Iff Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN EVERYBODY'S ILLUSTRATED Book of Puzzles LONDUN : \\.\\ON & O BOUYERIE STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C 1890. LOSOOH : VE1X1JQ *SC CO., SO it 32, SAKUIhli BISECT, UJtCOLM 8 IXK Everybody's Puzzle Book, SELECTED BY Fabled History of the First Riddle. The ancients believed that the monster Sphynx was the inventor of riddles. Tho one she proposed for solution is this: \"What animal is that which goes upon four legs in the morning, upon two at noon and upon three at night?\" Many persons strove to ex- plain it, but failed and were torn to pieces by her. At length CEdipus solved it by say- ing that the animal was a man, who, in in- fancy, or in the morning of his life, creeps upon his hands and feet and so goes upon all fours; in the noon of his life walks on two feet, and in the night of old age requires a Stick and so totters upon three legs No. 1. Picture Puzzle. .LLKEL No. 2. Enigma In Rhyme. Green am I in spring, Late iu summer yellow; In the autumn red, When the days grow mellow. You may on me read; You may on me write; Green, red, yellow, though I am, I am always white. Wrinkle not my face; Let me live in clover; Look, but handle not; Yes, you may turn me over. No. 3. Arithmetic Tangle* A countrywoman carrying eggs to a garri- son, where she had three guards to pass, sold to the first guard half the number she had and half an egg more ; to the second, the half of what remained and half an egg beside, and to the third guard, she sold the half of the remainder and half another egg. When She arrived at the market place she had three dozen still to sell; how was this possible with- out breaking any of the eggs? No. 4. A Star. 1. A letter. 2. Mamma. 3. Recited. 4. Escaped by stratagem. 5. Relating to the moon. 6. Title of address to a lady. 7. A provider of provisions. 8. A male nickname. 9. A letter. No. 5. Conundrums. (a) How do we know that Byron never wore a wig? (b) \"Why is the leaf of a tree like the human body? (c) Which is the oldest tree in England? (d) Why are feet like olden tales? (e) Why is a spider a good correspondent? (f) Why is a thief, picking a coiner's pocket, reminded of a line in Othello? (g) Why is an undutiful son like one born deaf? 1C8C?; Everybody s (h) Why are the pages of a book like the days of a man! (i) How many sides arc there to a tree! (j Why is your nose like St. Paul's? (k) What's that which every living man hath seen, but nevermore wit see again, I ween? A Metamorphosis. What a wonderful letter is N. Beside making a window of widow, it metamor- phoses a leviathan into two well known Jews, Levi N-athan ; makes a bungle of a bugle ; Norma, a Norman, and even causes a modest violet to be violent. One of the nicest uses to put an N to is to change an eclipse into necklips, which charms, on a pretty woman, eclipse many"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] DISTANCE LEARNING FOR HISTORY TEACHERS History [PAR] DISTANCE LEARNING FOR HISTORY TEACHERS [PAR] For updated info., go to the Content Provider file and click on the Provider name to go to their website [PAR] Albany Institute of History & Art: [PAR] \"Art, Artists and Nature: The Hudson River School\" [PAR] The landscape paintings created by the 19th century artist known as the Hudson River School celebrate majestic beauty of the American wilderness. Students will learn about the elements of art, early 19th century American culture, the creative process, environmental concerns and the connections to the birth of American literature. Through viewing paintings and drawings by artists such as Thomas Cole and Frederic Church, students learn how these artists expressed their ideas and feelings in paintings, while also reflecting prevailing ideas about Americans' relationship to the rapidly transforming natural environment. Recommended for grades 4 - 12. [PAR] [PAR] \"The Rise of Modern America\" [PAR] Photographs, objects, works of art and other primary sources from the late 19th century will provide students with connections to this fascinating time period in American History. This lesson focuses on American art and culture, the reconstruction of the South, manufacturing, transportation, expansion, urbanization and society from the 1870s to the early 20th century. Recommended for grades 8 - 12. [PAR] [PAR] Focusing on Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Burns and the life of [PAR] Albany [PAR] artist and activist, Alice Morgan Wright, students will explore the difficult path women forged to earn the right to vote. Objects, images and documents from the Albany Institute's collections will illuminate this story of struggle and persistence. [PAR] Recommended: grades 9-12 [PAR] \"The Civil War\" [PAR] [PAR] Using primary resources, images and objects from the Albany Institute's collection, students will be introduced to a major conflict in American History, the Civil War. This lesson focuses on how the Civil War affected daily life in [PAR] America [PAR] , including the art, material culture, and political atmosphere of our country. [PAR] Recommended: grades 8-12 [PAR] \u201cAmerican Textile Industry, 1900 \u2013 Present\u201d [PAR] Through photos and artifacts, the history of textile manufacturing, with special attention to the silk industry of [PAR] Paterson [PAR] , [PAR] NJ [PAR] is discussed. Students gain an undertanding of the impact of changing technology, immigrant workers and labor unions upon the industry. Designed for grades 4 - 12. [PAR] [PAR] \u201cBotto House: An Immigrant's Home in 1908\u201d [PAR] Using photos, artifacts and audio recordings, the domestic life of an immigrant family of New Jersey silk mill workers is presented. Students learn about the immigrant experience and the role of immigrants in the labor movement. Designed for grades 4 - 12. [PAR] \u201cChild Labor, 1900 - Present\u201d [PAR] The history of child labor in the twentieth century through the present is discussed through the photos of Lewis Hine, photos of farmworkers and charts and graphs of the International Labor Organization of the United Nations. Students gain an understanding of the history of child labor and consider contemporary attitudes toward child labor. Designed for grades 4 - 12. [PAR] \u201cWomen at Work: Paterson Silk Strike of 1913\u201d [PAR] Through photos and artifacts, the jobs held by women, treatment of women at work and the dynamic role of women in the strike are examined. Students learn about the impact of immigrant women in this historic strike. Designed for grades 4 - 12. [PAR] \u201cSolidarity Forever: Organized Workers, 1900 \u2013 Present\u201d [PAR] A look at the development of the American labor movement is presented through photos, documents and artifacts. Students gain an appreciation of how the collective"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner - ISCA Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner [PAR] Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner [PAR] Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner [PAR] Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani [PAR] Prayer is one of the central elements of Islamic practice and worship. Indeed, it is the second of the Five Pillars of Islam and, along with the testimony of faith, the pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting the month of Ramadan and paying the poor tax, forms the essential framework of religious life for Muslims. More than that, the observance of the ritual prayer forms the framework of each Muslim\u2019s day, from the pre-dawn morning prayer to the night prayer that precedes sleep. [PAR] Prayer\u2019s Importance in Islam [PAR] Prayer, in the ritual sense, is an obligation of the faith, to be performed five times a day by adult Muslims. According to Islamic law, prayers have a variety of obligations and conditions of observance. However, beyond the level of practice, there are spiritual conditions and aspects of prayer which represent its essence. [PAR] In the Holy Qur\u2019\u0101n, Allah says: [PAR] \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0633\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650 [PAR] I created the jinn and humankind only that they might worship Me. [PAR] Thus, prayer first and foremost, is the response to this Divine directive to worship the Creator. Prayer represents the individual\u2019s affirmation of servanthood before the Lord of Creation and submission to His Omnipotent Will. It also represents a willing acknowledgment of our weakness and neediness by seeking Divine Grace, Mercy, Abundance and Forgiveness. Prayer, then, is a willful, directed action by the believer, seeking direct, unmediated communication with Allah, for Muslims believe that every human being is of interest to the Divine. It also represents a concrete manifestation of the Islamic conception of freewill, in that the decision to pray is one that must be made by each individual. In this way, prayer is a uniquely \u201chuman\u201d form of worship, for all other creatures submit without question to Allah\u2019s Will and are engaged in His praise, glorification and remembrance, as the Holy Qur\u2019\u0101n asserts: [PAR] \u062a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0645\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064f \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0640\u0643\u0650\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u062d\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 [PAR] and there is not a thing but hymneth His praise; but ye understand not their praise. [PAR] Prayer, by its very nature, is a form of request or entreaty, and thus requires the full conscious participation of the one praying, with will, intellect, body and soul. The one engaged in prayer is in direct connection with the Creator Who hears everything the supplicant says and responds \u2013 though not necessarily in the affirmative \u2013 to each request. This is the concrete manifestation of Allah\u2019s role as The Hearer, The Aware and The Responsive, which represent three of the ninety-nine Holy Names and Attributes of Allah that form the basis of the Islamic conception of the Divine. [PAR] In Islam, there are two forms of prayer. One has ritual, formal requirements and manners, which are essential to its correct observance. This is called \u0161al\u0101t. The other form is supplicatory prayer, and in its more general sense, represents an open-ended conversation with Allah, which may occur at any time or place, with few restrictions or requirements. It is called du\u00bfa. [PAR] Supplication [PAR] The term du\u00bfa is derived from the Arabic verb meaning \u201cto supplicate\u201d or \u201cto call upon.\u201d Other similar terms for such prayer are mun\u0101jah, nid\u0101, and a\u013c-\u013caru\u00bfa. [PAR] Mun\u0101jah means \u201ca secret conversation with Allah,\u201d usually with the intention of seeking delivery and relief. Referring to this form"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dictionary of Catholic Terms - The Sacred Heart Dictionary of Catholic Terms [PAR] DICTIONARY OF CATHOLIC TERMS [PAR] A [PAR] Abortion: [PAR] Deliberate termination of pregnancy by killing the unborn child. Such direct abortion, willed either as an end or a means, is gravely contrary to the moral law. The Church attaches the canonical penalty of excommunication to this crime against human life. [PAR] Abraham: [PAR] The man of faith and patriarch of Israel with whom God made a covenant which promised him land in which to live and many descendants, a great people for whom the Lord would be their God. Through Abraham God formed the people to whom he would later give the law by revelation to Moses. With the advent of Christ, the people of Israel would serve as the root to which the Gentiles would be grafted by their coming to believe. [PAR] Absolution: [PAR] Part of the sacrament of penance. It is the formal declaration by the priest that a penitent's sins are forgiven. [PAR] Abstinence: [PAR] Refraining from certain kinds of food or drink as an act of self-denial. Usually refraining from eating meat. Official days of abstinence from meat for Catholics are Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. [PAR] Acedia: [PAR] A less common synonym for sloth, one of the seven \"capital\" sins. [PAR] Acolyte: [PAR] A liturgical minister appointed to assist at liturgical celebrations. Priests and deacons receive this ministry before they are ordained. Lay men may be installed permanently in the ministry of acolyte through a rite of institution and blessing. [PAR] Adam: [PAR] According to the creation story in Genesis, the first man. From this story the Church has learned that humanity was originally created in a state of holiness and justice and that the first ancestors of the human race lost this state for themselves and all humanity by their sin, original sin. Christ is called the second or new Adam because he ushered in the new creation by forgiving sin and restoring humanity to the grace of God's friendship lost by original sin. [PAR] Adoration: [PAR] The acknowledgment of God as God, Creator and Savior, the Lord and Master of everything that exists. Through worship and prayer, the Church and individual persons give to God the adoration which is the first act of the virtue of religion. The first commandment of the law obliges us to adore God. [PAR] Adultery: [PAR] Marital infidelity, or sexual relations between two partners, at least one of whom is married to another party. The sixth commandment and the New Testament forbid adultery absolutely. [PAR] Advent: [PAR] The liturgical seaSon of four weeks devoted to preparation for the coming of Christ at Christmas. [PAR] All Saints Day: [PAR] The day on which Catholics remember all the saints of the Church, whether officially canonized or not. It is celebrated on November 1st. [PAR] All Souls Day: [PAR] The day on which Catholics remember the dead and pray for them recognizing that they may still need to be brought to perfection. It is observed on November 2nd. [PAR] Almsgiving: [PAR] Money or goods given to the poor as an act of penance or fraternal charity. Almsgiving, together with prayer and fasting, are traditionally recommended to foster the state of interior penance. [PAR] Altar: [PAR] The center and focal point of a Church, where the sacrifice of Christ on the cross is made present under sacramental signs in the Mass. Among the Israelites the altar was the place where sacrifices were offered to God. The Christian altar represents two aspects of the mystery of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The \"Face On Mars\" - Google Groups The \"Face On Mars\" - Google Groups [PAR] The \"Face On Mars\" [PAR] The Viking missions to Mars in the late 1970s produced more information [PAR] about the Red Planet than had been gathered in all the previous centuries of [PAR] study by Earth-bound astronomers and observers. The primary mission of the [PAR] Viking program was to search for signs of life on the surface of Mars. Two [PAR] landers containing sophisticated biological laboratories studied soil [PAR] samples in a variety of tests which, it was hoped, would prove or disprove [PAR] the existence of life. [PAR] The results of these tests indicated that Mars contained no life, at least [PAR] at these landing sites. However, Viking gathered volumes of data on the [PAR] weather, soil chemistry and other surface properties and mapped the surface [PAR] using low-to-moderate resolution cameras on the two orbiters. [PAR] Shortly after mapping began in 1976 an interesting image taken by the Viking [PAR] 1 Orbiter was received at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., [PAR] which contained a surface feature resembling a human or ape-like face. The [PAR] photo was immediately released to the public as an interesting geological [PAR] feature and dubbed the \"Face on Mars.\" Shortly afterwards other photos of [PAR] the same area were taken, and some scientists believed that the formation [PAR] appeared to be a face due to the lighting angles as seen from the Orbiter. [PAR] Origin Of Features Examined [PAR] Over the years, some people began to raise questions about the origins of [PAR] the features. A few ideas and theories arose speculating that the features [PAR] may have been built by aliens in the distant past. These theories are based [PAR] largely on the results of computer photo enhancements and other analytical [PAR] techniques performed on the Viking images beginning in the early 1980s. [PAR] Most planetary geologists familiar with the set of photos, however, [PAR] concluded that the natural processes known to occur on Mars -- such as wind [PAR] erosion, Mars quakes, and erosion from running water in the distant past -- [PAR] could account for the formation of the complicated fretted terrain of the [PAR] Cydonia region, including the face. [PAR] Because the entire data set includes only nine low-to-moderate resolution [PAR] photos, scientists say that there just is not enough data available to [PAR] justify what would be an extraordinary conclusion that the features are not [PAR] natural in origin (many scientists question whether images alone would be [PAR] enough to settle the matter). Such a proven discovery of extraterrestrial [PAR] life or artifacts would be one of the greatest discoveries in human history, [PAR] and, as such, demand the most rigorous scientific investigation. [PAR] However, despite the phenomenal nature of such a potential discovery, no one [PAR] in the scientific community -- either in the U.S. or worldwide -- has ever [PAR] proposed an investigation for a mission to study these features. Until more [PAR] data is gathered, many scientists consider the probability that the features [PAR] are anything other than natural in origin are just too low to justify the [PAR] major expenditure of public funds which such an investigation would entail [PAR] (more on this below). [PAR] What is agreed on is that a greater number of high resolution images of this [PAR] area should be gathered. Following the failure of the Mars Observer mission [PAR] in August, 1993, NASA proposed a decade-long program of Mars exploration, [PAR] including orbiters and landers. The program, called Mars Surveyor, would [PAR] take"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Plus | Define Plus at Dictionary.com Plus | Define Plus at Dictionary.com [PAR] plus [PAR] more by the addition of; increased by: [PAR] ten plus two is twelve. [PAR] 2. [PAR] with the addition of; with: [PAR] He had wealth plus fame. [PAR] adjective [PAR] more (by a certain amount). [PAR] 6. [PAR] Electricity. pertaining to or characterized by positive electricity: [PAR] the plus terminal. [PAR] 7. [PAR] Mycology. (in heterothallic fungi) designating, in the absence of morphological differentiation, one of the two strains of mycelia that unite in the sexual process. [PAR] 8. [PAR] having a certain quality to an unusual degree: [PAR] He has personality plus. [PAR] A bicycle is cheaper than a car, plus it doesn't pollute the air. [PAR] adverb [PAR] Idioms [PAR] 15. [PAR] pluses and minuses, the good and bad points of something; the advantages and disadvantages; the pros and cons : [PAR] She spent hours listing the pluses and minuses of each of the apartments she had looked at, trying to narrow down her choices. [PAR] Origin of plus [PAR] Latin [PAR] 1570-1580 [PAR] 1570-80; < Latin pl\u016bs more; akin to Greek ple\u00ed\u014dn, Old Norse fleiri more, Old English feolu, fela, German viel, Gothic filu, Old Irish il, Greek pol\u00fd many [PAR] Usage note [PAR] Expand [PAR] Since plus as a preposition has long had the meanings \u201cmore by the addition of\u201d and \u201cwith the addition of,\u201d it was but a short step to a newer use, mainly in informal writing and speech, as a conjunction meaning \u201calso, and, furthermore.\u201d Although this use is increasing, many object to it, and it is rare in more formal writing. And plus is likewise objected to, especially for being redundant: The paper was delivered two hours late, and plus it was soaking wet. [PAR] plu [PAR] plew . [PAR] ne plus ultra [PAR] [ne ploo s oo l-trah; English nee pluhs uhl-truh, ney] /\u02c8n\u025b \u02ccpl\u028as \u02c8\u028al tr\u0251; English \u02c8ni \u02ccpl\u028cs \u02c8\u028cl tr\u0259, \u02c8ne\u026a/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] the most intense degree of a quality or state. [PAR] plew [PAR] noun, Older Use (in Western U.S. and Canada) . [PAR] 1. [PAR] a beaver skin, especially one of prime quality. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1790-1800; < Canadian French pelu; French: noun use of pelu haired, hairy (now obsolete or dial.); see poilu [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for plus [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] plus read Matt DeLuca on the long trail of abuses by Apple and Brian Ries on people who have said 'iQuit!' [PAR] The Third Window Anne Douglas Sedgwick [PAR] Then an addition table, from one plus one to five plus five. [PAR] The Aliens Murray Leinster [PAR] At twelve-ten plus forty-five seconds, he and his platoon were to \"go over the top\" and plunge into the inferno of No Man's Land. [PAR] The Martian George Du Maurier [PAR] This, plus its number of days, gives the item for the following month. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for plus [PAR] Expand [PAR] increased by the addition of: four plus two (written 4 + 2) [PAR] 2. [PAR] with or with the addition of: a good job, plus a new car [PAR] adjective [PAR] (prenominal) Also positive. indicating or involving addition: a plus sign [PAR] 4. [PAR] another word for positive (sense 8), positive (sense 9) [PAR] 5. [PAR] on the positive part of a scale or coordinate axis: a value of +x [PAR] 6. [PAR] indicating the positive side of an electrical circuit [PAR] 7. [PAR] involving positive advantage or good: a plus factor [PAR] 8. [PAR] (postpositive) (informal)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Conundrum of English Words - Welcome and Thank You for ... The Conundrum of English Words - Welcome and Thank You for Taking Time From Your Busy Schedule to Visit [PAR] Welcome and Thank You for Taking Time From Your Busy Schedule to Visit [PAR] 0 Comments [PAR] [PAR] If you visited one of my other blogs, dmyatesmusings.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-conundrum-of-english-words.html or https://dmyatesjournalings.wordpress.com/2016/07/08/the-conundrum-of-english-words/ then you're ready for the answers, and here they are: [PAR] lam - to hit someone hard; attack [PAR] auk - a short-winged diving seabird found in northern oceans, typically with a black head and black and white underparts. [PAR] rhea - a large flightless bird of South American grasslands, resembling a small ostrich, with grayish-brown plumage. [PAR] elan - energy, style, and enthusiasm [PAR] alee - on the side of a ship that is sheltered from the wind. [PAR] lac - a resinous substance secreted as a protective covering by the lac insect, used to make varnish, shellac, sealing wax, dyes, etc. [PAR] ess - a thing shaped like the letter S [PAR] scrod - a young cod, haddock, or similar fish, especially one prepared for cooking [PAR] And those more archaic words? [PAR] staid - sedate, respectable, and unadventurous [PAR] hymned (this is the past tense) - praise or celebrate (something) [PAR] noes - plural of no; a negative answer or decision, as in voting [PAR] akin - of similar character [PAR] And what about the word game using NDDBEA [PAR] 11 3-letter words: add, and, bad, bed, ban, dab, dad, deb, den, end, nab [PAR] 9 4-letters: abed, band, bade, bead, bean, dean, dead, bane, bend [PAR] 1 6-letter: banded (past tense of band) [PAR] Wasn't this fun?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is there any word that ends with the letter Q? - Quora Is there any word that ends with the letter Q? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Answer Wiki [PAR] 8 Answers [PAR] Quora User, English is not perfect, but it is a lingua franca, so knowing it is good for all [PAR] Answer: [PAR] Many words in Arabic end in the equivalent of the letter \"q\". One of them is Iraq. [PAR] Here is an article: [PAR] http://grammar.yourdictionary.co... [PAR] Most words that end with the letter Q are borrowed into English from other languages. Many words from the Inuit (formerly called Eskimo) language end with Q. Scrabble players take note, for one particular example includes not just a word that ends with the letter Q, but a word that both begins and ends with Q. The word Qallunaq in the Canadian Oxford English Dictionary is defined as \u2018a person not of Inuit descent, a white person\u2019. Another word from the Inuit language that ends in Q is umiaq, a type of boat made by stretching animal skins over a wooden frame. If you\u2019re feeling Canadian now with all these wonderful Inuit words, then add a third word ending in Q to your vocabularly: Auyuittuq National Park. [PAR] The Arabic language also provides more examples of words that end in the letter Q. The suq, also spelled souk, is an Arabic word for a marketplace. And finally there\u2019s talaq, a type of divorce under Islamic law. Place names in Africa and the Middle East ending in Q include the country of Iraq, as well as Halq al-Wadi in Tunisia, often shortened to simply Halq.[DOC] [TLE] Suq | Define Suq at Dictionary.com Suq | Define Suq at Dictionary.com [PAR] suq [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for suq [PAR] Expand [PAR] a variant spelling of souk 1 [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full text of \"The embryology, anatomy and histology of the ... Full text of \"The embryology, anatomy and histology of the eye\" [PAR] See other formats [PAR] 55 ^. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/detaHs/embryologyanatomOObrowrich The Embryology Anatomy and Histology of the Eye BY EARL J. BROWN, M. D. Professor of Histology of the Eye, at the Chicago Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat College WITH ILT.ITSTRATIOXS MADE FROM TRANSVERSE SECTIONS OF THE HITMAN EVE EXT.ARGED BY MICRO PHOTOGRAPHY The Physiology of Vision BY WM. D. ZOETHOUT, Ph. D., (U. of C.) Professor of Physiology in thejenner Medical College and nt the Bennet College of Eclectic Medicine, Chicago. / ILLUSTRATIONS KY THE AU'IHOR CHICAGO: Hazlitt Sc Walker, Publishers. 1906 Copyrighted 11)05 BY HAZLITT & WALKER FOREWORD. In approaching this work, perhaps a word of explana- tion to the reader may be desirable. It is not undertaken because the author thinks there is a lack of knowledge about the eye; neither have there been any new facts dis- covered which would merit the production of these arti- cles. It is therefore not the intention to bring out any new facts, but to put the known and widely scattered facts in a more comprehensible form and to illustrate the subject so thoroughly and completely that it will be made more easy for the beginner and more interesting to those who find it necessary to review the subject. All the illustrations of the structures of the eyeball and smaller structures will be microphotographs taken from mi- croscopic slides in the author's possession, while the coarser structures of the orbit will be illustrated by drawings, as these structures are too large for the tissues to be mounted on microscopic slides. The microscopic slides used to photograph the foetal eye are from the pig and were procured at the Armour pack- ing house by collecting the foetal pigs at the gutting table. These foetesis ran from two millimeters to forty millimeters in length, and the mounting of the slides was done by Dr. Slonaker, at the Chicago University. The slides used in photographing the adult eye were made by Dr. Slonaker when he wrote his thesis on the acute area of vision. These slides have been used in my illustrated lectures before optical and medical societies for several years, and they have been enjoyed so much by my hearers and I have received so many requests for them in a i)er- manent form, that it is in response to these wishes that the \u25a0iS^22 b FOREWORD. author lias determined to perpetuate these pictures and place them in the reach of every one who is interested in the eye ; otherwise these articles would never have appeared. A few words about the physical development of the foetus might be of benefit before the illustrations are studied. The foetus is first represented by one cell, the ovum. This is fertilized by the spermatozoa; then there is a multiplication of cells. These increase very rapidly, and the first definite form assumed is a tube, representing the worm, and this tube has two walls ; one is the outer covering and the other lines the inside. The outer is known as the cpiblast (mean- ing above) and the inner the hypoblast (meaning below). Then there is a layer developed between these two layers. This layer is known as the mesablast (meaning the middle). From the epiblast is developed the skin and nervous sys- tem. From the hypoblast is developed the alimentary canal and all the internal organs which communicate with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Words whose 4th letter is E - learnenglishnow.com Words whose 4th letter is E [PAR] Words whose 4th letter is E [PAR] Abdest (n.) Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite. [PAR] Abject (a.) Cast down; low-lying. [PAR] Ablen () A small fresh-water fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the bleak. [PAR] Abreast (adv.) Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a Absence (n.) A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; -- opposed to presence. [PAR] Absent (a.) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; as, an absent air. [PAR] Absent (v. t.) To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun. [PAR] Absentness (n.) The quality of being absent-minded. [PAR] Accede (v. i.) To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to recede. [PAR] Accelerate (v. t.) To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; -- opposed to retard. [PAR] Acceleration (n.) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the earth with an acceleration of velocity; -- opposed to retardation. [PAR] Accept (v. t.) To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); as, to accept a gift; -- often followed by of. [PAR] Accessible (a.) Open to the influence of; -- with to. [PAR] Accession (n.) The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house of Stuart; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new dynasty. [PAR] Achenium (n.) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a naked seed by the earlier botanists. [PAR] Acred (a.) Possessing acres or landed property; -- used in composition; as, large-acred men. [PAR] Adieu (interj. & adv.) Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting. [PAR] Adreamed (p. p.) Visited by a dream; -- used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to dream. [PAR] Adventist (n.) One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also Second Adventists. [PAR] Adventitious (a.) Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; -- applied to foreign plants. [PAR] Adventurous (n.) IncAdventurous (n.) Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking, deed, song. [PAR] Advert (v. i.) To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he adverted to what was said. [PAR] Advertise (v. t.) To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often followed by of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his loss. [PAR] Affection (n.) A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; -- often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children. [PAR] Affectionate (a.) Strongly incAfferent (a.) Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain. [PAR] After (a.) To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the after cabin, after hatchway. [PAR] Afterguard (n.) The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charlotte COOPER - Olympic Tennis | Great Britain Charlotte COOPER - Olympic Tennis | Great Britain [PAR] Charlotte COOPER [PAR] Olympic Games 1900 [PAR] Charlotte Cooper, the first female Olympic champion [PAR] In winning the women\u2019s tennis singles title at Paris 1900, Charlotte Cooper became the first female athlete to win Olympic gold in an individual event. [PAR] A record breaker [PAR] Charlotte Cooper was one of the great women\u2019s tennis champions of the late 19th-century, a time when the ladies\u2019 game was played in long dresses. A member of the Ealing Lawn Tennis Club, Cooper won her first Wimbledon singles title in 1895, aged 25, and would go on to repeat the feat on four further occasions. She was a wife and a mother by the time she won the last of those titles, in 1908, when she became the oldest winner of the prestigious tournament at the age of 37 years and 296 days, a record that stands to this day. Her 11 singles finals between 1895 and 1912 represented another Wimbledon record, which she held outright until 1994, when it was equalled by Martina Navratilova. [PAR] Fun and games in Paris [PAR] Also known as Les concours internationaux d'exercices physiques et de sports, the 1900 Paris Olympic Games took place between mid-May and late October, and were held as part of the city\u2019s Exposition Universelle (World Fair). Women made their first appearance on the Olympic stage, competing in archery, sailing, equestrianism, croquet, boules, life-saving, fishing, golf and tennis. Held in July, the tennis tournament took place on clay courts installed in the rural surroundings of the Ile de Puteaux, in the middle of the Seine, with Cooper entering the women\u2019s singles and the mixed doubles. [PAR] History in the making [PAR] One of the few female players at the time to serve overarm, Cooper was a superb volleyer and played an attacking game, rushing up to the net at every opportunity. She collected her first gold medal of the Games in the mixed doubles with her compatriot R.F. Doherty, the pair beating H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Pr\u00e9vost of France and Great Britain\u2019s Harold Mahony 6-2, 6-4 in the final. [PAR] Cooper dominated the women\u2019s singles, winning all her matches in straight sets. After accounting for the USA\u2019s Marion Jones 6-2, 7-5 in the semi-final, she got the better of Pr\u00e9vost once more in the final on 11 July, winning 6-1, 6-4 to become the first woman to win Olympic gold in an individual event. [PAR] A life devoted to tennis [PAR] Cooper continued to compete at the highest level for a number of years after the Paris Games, contesting her last Wimbledon singles final in 1912, by which time she had turned 42. She went on to appear in the women\u2019s doubles final with Dorothea Douglas the following year, a full 18 years after her maiden singles triumph. The sprightly Cooper continued to play the game she loved right through to the 1950s, and died at home in Helensburgh, Scotland, on 10 October 1966 at the age of 96."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James BOND 007 Thunderball Underwater Battle. Sean Connery ... Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 7, 2010 [PAR] Thunderball (1965) is the fourth spy film in the James Bond series after Dr. No (1962), From Russia with Love (1963) and Goldfinger (1964), and the fourth to star Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Ian Fleming, which in turn was based on an original screenplay by Jack Whittingham. It was directed by Terence Young with screenplay by Richard Maibaum and John Hopkins. [PAR] The film follows Bond's mission to find two NATO atomic bombs stolen by SPECTRE, which holds the world ransom for \u00a3100 million in diamonds, in exchange for not destroying an unspecified major city in either England or the United States (later revealed to be Miami). The search leads Bond to the Bahamas, where he encounters Emilio Largo, the card-playing, eye-patch wearing SPECTRE Number Two. Backed by the CIA and Largo's mistress, Bond's search culminates in an underwater battle with Largo's henchmen. The film had a complex production, with four different units and about a quarter of the film consisting of underwater scenes. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 50 Years Ago Today (25 Oct 1961): The British satirical ... 50 Years Ago Today (25 Oct 1961): The British satirical magazine \u2018Private Eye\u2019 was first published \u2013 ActiveHistory [PAR] All the latest additions to the www.activehistory.co.uk! [PAR] 50 Years Ago Today (25 Oct 1961): The British satirical magazine \u2018Private Eye\u2019 was first published [PAR] Private Eye is a fortnightly British satirical and current affairs magazine, edited by Ian Hislop. [PAR] Since its first publication in 1961, Private Eye has been a prominent critic and lampooner of public figures and entities that it deemed guilty of any of the sins of incompetence, inefficiency, corruption, pomposity or self-importance and it has become a self-styled \u201cthorn in the side\u201d of the British establishment. It has always received criticism from some quarters for its irreverent style and for its willingness to print stories that are controversial and allegedly defamatory. This was reflected in the past by the large number of libel lawsuits against it, a phenomenon for which it became notorious. [PAR] As Britain\u2019s best-selling current affairs magazine such is its long-term popularity and impact that many recurring in-jokes from Private Eye have entered popular culture."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Movie of Our Life - Best Love Poems Love poem : The Movie of Our Life [PAR] The Movie of Our Life [PAR] The Movie of Our Life [PAR] In the movie of our life, [PAR] starring you and me. [PAR] Hollywood is in for a treat, [PAR] wait until they see. [PAR] The stage is all ours, [PAR] so let's put on a good show. [PAR] We act these roles so well, [PAR] but they will never know. [PAR] Shakespeare seems out of date, [PAR] Romeo and Juliet got old. [PAR] Baby they have nothing on us, [PAR] so let our story be told. [PAR] We write romance scenes, [PAR] like forever had no end. [PAR] It all comes so natural, [PAR] with an amazing girlfriend. [PAR] the end is far from now. [PAR] Nothing can break us up, [PAR] not even a broken vow. [PAR] People watch the notebook, [PAR] is that all Hollywood's got? [PAR] Girl, you and me alone, [PAR] make those scenes look hot. [PAR] They'll write a story one day, [PAR] and a movie to go with it. [PAR] Just get us to act it out, [PAR] It would be the greatest hit. [PAR] We may never be Hollywood's hottest, [PAR] Brad and Angelina will be in the past. [PAR] It will last as long as their careers, [PAR] but baby you and I will forever last. [PAR] Report copyright violation/inappropriate text [PAR] Rate and comment this poem [PAR] If you'd like to comment/rate this poem or you want to publish your own poetry on \"Poems & Quotes\", sign-up here! [PAR] Latest comments [PAR] Titanic...... \"Titanic\" redirects here. For other uses, see Titanic (disambiguation). [PAR] RMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912 [PAR] Career [PAR] Port of registry: Liverpool, United Kingdom [PAR] Route: Southampton to New York City [PAR] Ordered: 17 September 1908 [PAR] Builder: Harland and Wolff, Belfast [PAR] Yard number: 401 [PAR] Laid down: 31 March 1909 [PAR] Launched: 31 May 1911 (not christened) [PAR] Completed: 2 April 1912 [PAR] Maiden voyage: 10 April 1912 [PAR] Identification: Radio callsign \"MGY\" [PAR] Fate: Foundered on 15 April 1912 on her maiden voyage [PAR] General characteristics [PAR] Class and type: Olympic-class ocean liner [PAR] Tonnage: 46,328 GRT [PAR] Length: 882 ft 6 in (269.0 m) [PAR] Beam: 92 ft 0 in (28.0 m) [PAR] Height: 175 ft (53.3 m) (keel to top of funnels) [PAR] Draught: 34 ft 7 in (10.5 m) [PAR] Depth: 64 ft 6 in (19.7 m) [PAR] Decks: 9 (A-G) [PAR] Installed power: 24 double-ended and 5 single-ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers and a low-pressure turbine for the center propeller;[1] output: 46,000 HP [PAR] Propulsion: Two 3-blade wing propellers and one 4-blade centre propeller [PAR] Speed: Cruising: 21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph). Max: 24 kn (44 km/h; 28 mph) [PAR] Capacity: Passengers: 2,435, crew: 892 [PAR] Notes: Lifeboats: 20 for 1,178 people [PAR] RMS Titanic was a passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, UK to New York City, US. The sinking of Titanic caused the deaths of 1,514 people in one of the deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history. She was the largest ship afloat at the time of her maiden voyage. One of three Olympic class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line, she was built between 1909-11 by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. She carried 2,223 people. [PAR] Her passengers included some of the wealthiest people"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spice Girls - 2 Become 1 - HD 720p + Lyrics - YouTube Spice Girls - 2 Become 1 - HD 720p + Lyrics - YouTube [PAR] Spice Girls - 2 Become 1 - HD 720p + Lyrics [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jun 4, 2010 [PAR] LYRICS: [PAR] Dream of you and me together [PAR] Say you believe it say you believe it [PAR] Free your mind of doubt and danger [PAR] be for real don't be a stranger [PAR] We can achieve it we can achieve it [PAR] Come a little bit closer baby [PAR] Get it on get it on [PAR] 'cause tonight is the night [PAR] When 2 become 1 [PAR] I need some love like I've never needed love before [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] I had a little love now I'm back for more [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] Set your spirit free, it's the only way to be [PAR] Silly games that you were playing [PAR] Empty words we both were saying [PAR] Let's work it out boy, let's work it out boy [PAR] Once again if we endevour [PAR] Love would bring us back together [PAR] Take it or leave it, take it or leave it [PAR] Are you as good as I remember baby? [PAR] Get it on, Get it on [PAR] 'cause tonight, is the night, [PAR] When 2 become 1 [PAR] I need some love like I've never needed love before [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] I had a little love, now I'm back for more [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] Set your spirit free, it's the only way to be [PAR] Be a little bit wiser baby, [PAR] Put it on, put it on [PAR] 'cause tonight is the night [PAR] When 2 become 1 [PAR] I need some love like I've never needed love before [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] I had a little love, now I'm back for more [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] I need some love like I've never needed love before [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] I had a little love, now I'm back for more [PAR] Wanna make love to ya baby [PAR] Set your spirit free, it's the only way to be [PAR] It's the only way to be [PAR] It's the only way to be [PAR] DESCRIPTION: [PAR] \"2 Become 1\" is a pop song performed by the British group Spice Girls (Melanie Chisholm, Geri Halliwell, Emma Bunton, Victoria Beckham and Melanie Brown). It was the third single released from their debut album Spice. It was their first ballad released as a single. Different from their previous material, which was more up-tempo and dance-based. [PAR] \"2 Become 1\" became the group's third consecutive number-one and their second million-selling single in the UK. Released in December 1996, it stayed at the top of the UK singles chart for three weeks, taking the coveted Christmas number one slot, and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). In the US, the single was released in July 1997, peaking at four (the group's third consecutive top five) and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hartley: The Go-Between - portifex.com Hartley: The Go-Between [PAR] Click above to visit the entire site [PAR] The Go-Between [PAR] by L P Hartley (1953; NYRB, 2002) [PAR] L P Hartley's The Go-Between projects the memories of a man in his sixties, looking back on the summer of 1900, when he turned thirteen at a grand country house in Norfolk. Rented by the family of a prep-school chum, Brandham Hall is Leo Colston's dream of England not least because it actually belongs to a viscount. An intelligent boy, highly attentive, as English prep school boys will be, to matters of rank, Leo notices a great deal, including many things that he doesn't understand, chief among them the lusty amour that he himself facilitates by playing postman to his friend's beautiful sister, Marian, and a neighboring farmer, Ted. There is reason to believe that Hartley didn't understand it himself. In his introduction to the NYRB reprint, Colm T\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdib\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdn tells us that the homosexual author was not sympathetic toward the bucolic Tristan and Isolde who figure so powerfully in the uncomprehending Leo's world. [PAR] It is clear from letters and articles that Hartley disapproved of [the love] affair and expected the reader to do so as well. He set out, he wrote, to produce \"a story of innocence betrayed, and not only betrayed but corrupted.\" When he gave a talk at Leicester a few month's after the book's publication, he was surprised to discover that his audience had sympathy with Marian and Ted. \"I wonder,\" he wrote to his publisher, \"what the Midlands are coming to.\" [PAR] Although Leo initially idealizes both Marian and Ted, each of them is eventually rather nasty to him. He is especially shocked when Marian, who has made him her prot\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdg\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and taken him to nearby Norwich to kit him out with decent summer clothes, turns on him. That he's surprised by her outburst tells us more about him than it does about her: he has just refused to deliver a note to Ted. This is his reasoning: now that she is all but officially engaged to Viscount Trimingham (the impoverished owner of the great house), surely she cannot wish to have further correspondence of the \"darling darling darling\" sort with Ted! [PAR] He's wrong about that. [PAR] \"You come into this house, our guest,\" she stormed, \"we take you in, we know nothing about you, we make a great fuss of you \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I suppose you wouldn't deny that? \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd I know I have \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and then I ask you to do a simple thing which a child in the street that I'd never spoken to would do for the asking \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and you have the infernal cheek to say that you won't! We've spoilt you. I'll never ask you to do anything for me again, never! I won't speak to you again!\" [PAR] Marian goes on to insult Leo by claiming that he's after some sort of compensation: \"You want paying, that's what you want.\" He snatches the note and takes it to Ted, where has has a correspondingly unpleasant encounter. The spell is broken: Leo wants to leave Brandham Hall at once, despite the big birthday party planned in his honor. He is more offended by the lovers' indiscretion (which is as much of their conduct as he can imagine) than the sternest dowager would be, because he invests the code of good conduct with a romantic chivalry that would never trouble a doughty, sharp-eyed battleaxe. Although I doubt very much that Hartley intended any references to Wagner's opera, he has made"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kingdoms of West Africa - Dahomey / Benin Kingdoms of West Africa - Dahomey / Benin [PAR] Behanzin [PAR] 1892 - 1894 [PAR] The French begin take control of the territory during the Dahomey War using mainly African troops, quite possibly from neighbouring tribes only too happy to end the kingdom's dominance of the region. [PAR] 1894 - 1898 [PAR] French vassal. [PAR] 1894 - 1958 [PAR] Dahomey is incorporated along with many other West African states into France 's West Africa colony. [PAR] 1933 - 1934 [PAR] French governor. Also in Somaliland, West Africa, & Madagascar . [PAR] 1938 - 1940 [PAR] French governor. Also in Somaliland, & Madagascar . [PAR] 1958 [PAR] The state is granted autonomy as the republic of Dahomey , followed by full independence two years later. A period of instability follows, with Marxism-Leninism being adopted as the official ideology. [PAR] Modern Dahomey / Benin [PAR] AD 1960 - Present Day [PAR] The kingdom of Dahomey in West Africa was ended by French colonial occupation in 1894, after they took control during the Dahomey War of 1892-1894. The state was granted autonomy as the republic of Dahomey in 1958, followed by full independence in 1960. A period of instability followed, with Marxism-Leninism being adopted as the official ideology. However, the country continued to bear its old name until 1975, when it was neutrally renamed the republic of Benin to appease the large number of ethnic groups which formed part of the relatively new modern state. The name came from the Bight of Benin, which itself gained its name from the Benin empire. [PAR] Today the country is one of Africa's most stable democracies, although it is severely under-developed and corruption is rife. Elements of voodoo, which are still practised in countries such as Haiti , originated from the West African coast which includes Benin. The religion is celebrated on the country's annual Voodoo Day. Today the country is bordered by Togo in the west, Burkina Faso to the north-west, Niger to the north-east, and Nigeria to the east. [PAR] 1972 [PAR] The country has experienced almost continuous strife following independence, overseen by a democratic government which has seen frequent changes in ruler. In 1972, a military coup led by Mathieu K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou overthrows the ruling council and establishes a Marxist government. [PAR] 1972 - 1991 [PAR] Mathieu K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou [PAR] Dictator. Stood down after free elections. [PAR] 1975 [PAR] K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou renames the country the People's Republic of Benin. [PAR] 1979 [PAR] K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou's Marxist military council is dissolved and elections take place, albeit with K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou as the only candidate allowed. [PAR] Mathieu K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou, dictator of Dahomey who oversaw its change of name to Benin, is seen here in 2006, after the conclusion of his successful term as the country's democratically elected president [PAR] 1989 - 1990 [PAR] The country has undergone an economic crisis in a decade which forces K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou to abandon Marxism in favour of a parliamentary system. The following year the country's name is changed on 1 March to the Republic of Benin. [PAR] 1991 [PAR] K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdkou loses free elections to Nic\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdphore Soglo and steps down. He later stands for the 1996 elections, which he wins, and governs fairly, without attempting to change the new 1990 constitution to allow him to remain in power. [PAR] 2006"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Accidental Tourist (1988) - Your life in film \u200eThe Accidental Tourist (1988) directed by Lawrence Kasdan \u2022 Reviews, film + cast \u2022 Letterboxd [PAR] Review by Ruth \u2605\u2605\u2605\u00bd [PAR] So I finally got around to my 'birth film'. I was born at 9am on the 23rd of December 1988, and this film was released in the states on that morning as well. Given that 80's Hurt is one of my personal favourite leads, and it's Kasdan-Hurt-Turner like in Body Heat, I was mildly excited. [PAR] And early on, the film delivers. It's like a proto-Reitman, particularly Up in the Air. Also, despite wearing a conventional oscar bait sheepskin, it's a rather unconventional film that merely seeks to achieve moments of truth. And it does that. Unfortunately, the film is also rather inconsistent, so I cannot quite award this film with 4 stars, but it is close. Also, this is definitely\u2026 [PAR] Review by BillyStevenson [PAR] Based on one of Anne Tyler's most popular Baltimore novels, The Accidental Tourist stars William Hurt as Macon Leary, a travel writer struggling to come to terms with the death of his twelve-year old son. After parting ways with his wife Sarah, played by Kathleen Turner, Macon moves back in with his oddball siblings, and strikes up a tentative friendship with Muriel Pritchett, a dog trainer, played by Geena Davis. What follows would play out as a fairly conventional romantic comedy were Macon not such an impoverished, monotone character, sleepwalking through every scene with a catatonic passivity that often makes the film feel more like a still life than a human drama. As the author of the bestselling \u201cAccidental Tourist\u201d\u2026 [PAR] Review by RoundMyWay \u2605\u2605\u00bd [PAR] Macon has separated from his wife after the violent death of their son. He and his siblings are used to routine to a stifling degree. Then Macon meets Muriel, a dog trainer, and he begins to take chances. His old life, however, is hard to completely pull away from. I can't tell whether it's an artistic choice that everyone but Geena Davis\u2019 character is sleepwalking through this film or it's poor direction. William Hurt looks like he's in chronic pain throughout and Kathleen Turner, Ed Begley Jr, and David Ogden Stiers are underutilized. The woman who plays Mason\u2019s sister, Rose, on the other hand, has a huge role and is painful to watch. The film is also unnecessarily long due\u2026 [PAR] Review by Lyn Jensen \u2605\u2605 [PAR] Here's an example of how any resemblance between the best-selling book and the film adaptation is pure coincidence. Hollywood took Anne Tyler's quirky complex character study and boiled it down to yet another Eternal Triangle. Whole sections of the plot are missing. [PAR] William Hurt is the husband who writes a business travel column--The Accidental Tourist. Kathleen Turner is his wife, and Geena Davis is his girlfriend. None give poor performances but Hurt and Davis are miscast. Turner is the only one whose acting goes beyond reciting lines. [PAR] Hurt's character here is a romantic leading man, when the theme calls for a character actor--a middle-aged Ordinary Joe in crisis. [PAR] Davis won a Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, but more likely\u2026 [PAR] Review by Not Pauline Kael [PAR] It begins with the numb grief of a punctilious Baltimore travel writer, Macon Leary (William Hurt), whose 12-year-old son was senselessly shot by a gunman in a Burger Bonanza. Macon has become such a depressed loner that his wife (Kathleen Turner) leaves him. The movie, directed by Lawrence Kasdan, who wrote the screenplay with Frank Galati, closely follows the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Family Formicidae - Ants - BugGuide.Net Family Formicidae - Ants - BugGuide.Net [PAR] Home \u00bb Guide \u00bb Arthropods (Arthropoda) \u00bb Hexapods (Hexapoda) \u00bb Insects (Insecta) \u00bb Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies (Hymenoptera) \u00bb Aculeata - Ants, Bees and Stinging Wasps \u00bb Ants (Formicoidea) \u00bb Ants (Formicidae) [PAR] Family Formicidae - Ants [PAR] Order Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies) [PAR] No Taxon (Aculeata - Ants, Bees and Stinging Wasps) [PAR] Superfamily Formicoidea (Ants) [PAR] recent advances in taxonomy summarized in( 1 ), also see( 2 )( 3 )( 4 ) [PAR] Explanation of Names [PAR] Latin formica ant( 5 ) [PAR] ant goes back to Old English aemete, aemette( 5 ) -- perhaps a compound of ai-/\u0101- 'off, away' + maetan/mait 'to cut, engrave' (hypothetical root), that may have referred to either the ants' biting habits or indented body( 5 ); an archaic Modern English variant: emmet [PAR] Numbers [PAR] over 700 spp. in 80 genera in our area( 6 )( 7 ); 14,000 spp. in ~300 genera of 20+ subfamilies( 8 ); faunal checklists for many US states provided on( 9 ), QC checklist here ( 10 ) [PAR] Overview of our faunaTaxa not yet in the guide are marked (*) and linked to AntWeb pages( 6 ) [PAR] Family FORMICIDAE [PAR] 1-25 mm [PAR] Identification [PAR] Primitively, antennomere and palp segment counts are typical for Aculeata, antennae 12-segmented (13 in males), palp formula 6,4. [PAR] These are variously reduced among different genera, with some ants having as few as 6 antennomeres and palp formula 1, 1. Such reductions are most common in ants with strictly subterranean or cryptic biology. [PAR] Ants can be distinguished from wasps by the constriction (\"cinctus\") of the rear portion of the waist or second abdominal segment, to form a well-distinguish node or scale, this segment named the petiole; the third abdominal is often similarly constricted (postpetiole, characteristic of the largest NA subfamily, Myrmicinae, and of Pseudomyrmecinae and most Ecitoninae). The elbowed antennae distinguish ants from other wingless wasps. Ants are usually black, brown, or reddish, and live in colonies with well-defined castes (typically a worker caste of sterile females and a reproductive caste of winged males and females). +\"...virtually all ant keys are for workers only. Since males ... and often queens, can be radically different in appearance from workers, you have to collect the worker stage at the same time as the reproductives.\" ( Eric Eaton ) [PAR] Key to subfamilies & Midwestern genera in( 11 ) [PAR] Terminology: ant anatomy diagram [PAR] Guides: NA( 6 ); New England( 12 ) (good for most of the e. NA); se. US( 13 ) [PAR] Range [PAR] Worldwide and throughout North America, from coastal habitats to the alpine. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Most North American species nest in soil, in leaf litter, or in dead wood, but toward the south, more and more arboreal species occur. All species of Pseudomyrmex are arboreal or stem-inhabiting, as are many Camponotus, Temnothorax, Crematogaster. Some species forage subterraneously, cryptically in litter or wood, while most forage on the ground and low vegetation. Arboreal species usually, and many terrestrial ones, often, forage high in trees, especially in quest of honeydew or extrafloral nectar. [PAR] Season [PAR] Most ant species forage in warm, humid weather, diurnally in cooler and moister climates, mostly nocturnally in deserts. Ants retreat into the nest from cold or extreme, especially dry, heat. [PAR] Winged reproductive castes are reared in spring or summer. Typically, they fly shortly after reaching adulthood, but in many species of the the formicine genera Camponotus, Prenolepis & Nylanderia, alates overwinter"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hotels near Pleasure Beach Railway Station - LetsBookHotel.com Hotels near Pleasure Beach Railway Station, Accommodation close to Pleasure Beach Railway Station UK | Lets Book Hotel [PAR] map [PAR] Opposite Blackpool Pleasure Beach, this small, family-run guest house has clean, modern en-suite bedrooms with a flat-screen TV. There is free WiFi in all areas. The welcoming Seaforth Guest House is... more info on seaforth guest house [PAR] The owners were very friendly and the rooms were lovely and clean. The breakfasts were excellent. It was a very warm and inviting guesthouse and my family and I had an amazing stay there. - My family all had a great time at the Seaforth Guest House, it was close to anemities, staff were lovely and the room was spotless i would recommend Seaforth t... what people say \u00bb o anyone. [PAR] map [PAR] Facing the Pleasure Beach on the Blackpool\u2019s South Promenade, this friendly, family-run hotel has free parking and free Wi-Fi. With modern rooms and a bar, there are also delicious breakfasts. Black... more info on henson hotel [PAR] We often come to Blackpool for a long weekend during the illuminations but hadn't stayed in the Henson before. There were 5 of us, all family, in 3 separate rooms and we were well taken care of from day one. I would recommend this hotel to anyone and would definitely look to the Henson for vacancies first the next time we are coming down. - The p... what people say \u00bb eople running the hotel where excellent, Rooms where lovely andclean, and the location was just what we wanted. You can see the big onewhilst you are having breakfast. Superb would definately stay again. [PAR] map [PAR] This family-run hotel is on Blackpool\u2019s South Shore, opposite Blackpool Pleasure Beach and 900 metres from Sandcastle Water Park. It has free Wi-Fi, free parking, and a bar. The Elmfield offers bed a... more info on elmfield [PAR] The 'home from home' feel and Donna and John were very friendly, helpful and welcoming. The breakfast and service was excellent, nothing was too much trouble. Brilliant all round for families. We will definitely stay there again and also recommend to family and friends. - How helpfull and friendly the owners John and Donna were, the breakfast were... what people say \u00bb very good and lasted us until well into the afternoon. Very handy for the pleasure beach. Will be going back there again. [PAR] map [PAR] With free parking and free Wi-Fi, The Delton Hotel is directly opposite Blackpool Pleasure Beach. Offering cooked breakfasts and live entertainment, it is just 80 metres from The Promenade. The spaci... more info on delton hotel [PAR] I booked the last available room. It was comfortable, sparkling clean, and just what we wanted for a weekend break. The staff were friendly and helpful, and really nice. The location of the hotel was ideal, close to the tram stop so the car could be left parked at the hotel, near to the Pleasure Beach, and yet quiet. - We are enjoyed at the plac... what people say \u00bb e but very disappointed with freeview TV frozen all the time so we give up - we were outing almost time. Bed mattress a bit too sofa and couldnt sleep few hours - But staff, breakfast, good price, pub (cheap than NI) are fantastic. Thanks for a lovely 3 nights x x [PAR] map [PAR] Just 10 minutes' walk from Blackpool Pleasure Beach in a semi-residential area, this 4-star Art Deco-style building offers modern rooms with en suite bathrooms, free Wi-Fi,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Bront\u00eb Pseudonyms: A Woman's Image - victorianweb.org The Bront\u00eb Pseudonyms: A Woman's Image \u2014 The Writer and Her Public [PAR] The Bront\u00eb Pseudonyms: A Woman's Image \u2014 The Writer and Her Public [PAR] Marianne Thormahlen, University of Lund, Sweden [PAR] This essay, which was originally published in English Studies (1994) as 'The Bronte Pseudonyms', appears in the Victorian Web with the kind permission of the author and the English Studies publishers Swets & Zeitlinger, who retain copyright. [PAR] Notes to this WWW edition [PAR] Numbers in brackets indicate page breaks in the print edition and thus allow users of VW to cite or locate the original page numbers. [PAR] Text links take you to material not in the original print version. [GPL]. [PAR] Adrian Kang, Chew Yong Jack, and GPL created the HTML version, converting footnotes. GPL also linked the text to other portions of the Victorian Web. [PAR] Clicking on superscript numbers brings you to the top of the left column; hitting the back button on your browser returns you to your place in the body of the main text. [PAR] Notes [PAR] 1. Emily Bront\u00eb: A Biography (Oxford, 1971), pp. 185-6. On Charlotte and Miss Currer, see also G\u00e9rin's Charlotte Bronte: The Evolution of Genius (Oxford, 1967), p. 309, and F.B. Pinion, A Bront\u00eb Companion: Literary Assessment, Background, and Reference (London, 1975), p. 278. The first person (as far as I am aware) to suggest that Charlotte may have borrowed her pseudonym from Miss Currer was 'the Hon. Lady Wilson of Eshton Hall' in the 'The Bront\u00ebs as Governesses', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 9 (1939), 217-18. See also Clifford Whone's report on The Keighley Mechanics' Institute, 'Where the Bront\u00ebs Borrowed Books', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 11 (1950), 345. (Whone noted the occurrence of Miss Currer's name among Institute members but did not outline any other relevant points in support of the connexion.) [PAR] 2. Adopting a surname as a first name was of course a convenient way of concealing a person's sex; after all, the choice of 'proper' Christian names that could have been used by men and women alike was severely limited. Charlotte's Shirley was given this 'masculine cognomen' in default of heirs male, pioneering it as a first name for women; see E.G. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names (Oxford, 1945), p. 118. [PAR] 3. On phrenology in Charlotte's novels, see Wilfred M. Senseman's 'Charlotte Bront\u00eb's Use of Physiognomy and Phrenology', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 12 (1967), 286-89, a recapitulation and part-reproduction of an article in Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 38 (1953), and Ian Jack, 'Physiognomy, Phrenology and Characterisation in the Novels of Charlotte Bront\u00eb', Bront\u00eb Society Transactions 15 (1970), 377-91. For Anne's use of phrenology, see my 'The Villain of Wildfell Hall: Aspects and Prospects of Arthur Huntingdon' The Modern Language Review 88.4 (October 1993), 834-6. [PAR] 4. Subtitled A Study of the Bronte Sisters as Early-Victorian Female Novelists, it appeared in 1966 (Gothenburg and London). Another well-researched and informative dissertation, on an adjacent subject, by a Swedish Bront\u00eb scholar appeared eight years later, Harriet Bj\u00f6rk's The Language of Truth: Charlotte Bronte, the Woman Question, and the Novel, No. 47 in Lund Studies in English (Lund, 1974). [PAR] 5. See Frank, A Chainless Soul, p. 216, and Chitham, Emily Bront\u00eb, p. 198. (Clifford Whone did suggest that the name of another Keighley Mechanics' Institute member, one William Ellis, Esq., might have supplied Emily's pseudonym, but the absence of any further links detracts from the likelihood of this idea; see 'Where the Bront\u00ebs Borrowed Books', 345.) [PAR] 6."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Only the Lonely - Roy Orbison | Song Info | AllMusic Only the Lonely - Roy Orbison | Song Info | AllMusic [PAR] Only the Lonely [PAR] google+ [PAR] Song Review by Richie Unterberger [PAR] Other than \"Oh, Pretty Woman,\" \"Only the Lonely\" is Roy Orbison's most famous and successful song. It is also the song that, more than any other, defined his career. When Orbison recorded \"Only the Lonely\" in 1960, he had only a couple of very moderate hits, and some moderate success as a songwriter, to show for about five years in the business. \"Only the Lonely\" changed all that, not just because it shot to number two, but also because it defined his image and musical identity. Prior to the song, Orbison had been typecast as an also-ran rockabilly singer at Sun Records. Although he wasn't a bad rockabilly act, \"Only the Lonely\" played to his true strengths: an operatic, pain-stricken pop/rock balladeer, a master of odes to heartbreak and maintaining dignitiy while fighting largely losing battles. The record screamed hit from its first few bars: a team of vocalists gently crooning \"dum dum dum, dum-be-doo-wah\" and other such syllables to an instantly memorable bittersweet melody, ending by singing the title phrase. That was the cue for a pause and Orbison to enter with his sorrowful yet strong tones, the backup vocalists continuing to act as a Greek chorus of sorts to his lines throughout the verse. The melody and phrasing got especially dramatic in the latter parts of the verses, as the backing arrangement kept dramatically pausing after three rapid bows of the violin in a row, leaving Orbison to muse alone, his range gradually ascending to Caruso territory. As the track progressed, it added symphonic violins that were quite advanced for a 1960 pop/rock production, the strings sometimes swooping in different ways as ripostes to various lines in Orbison's lyric. Roy hit a particularly glass-shattering note at a pause in the last verse, unveiling the full extent of his astonishing upper range. \"Only the Lonely\" is a great tune and a great production, but much of what puts it over is Orbison's attitude: he may be in wrenching misery, but that's not going to keep him from taking chances on romance in the future. Chris Isaak, who was probably more influenced by early-'60s stars such as Orbison and Ricky Nelson than any other late-20th century rock star, covered \"Only the Lonely\" on his Baja Sessions album. [PAR] Appears On[DOC] [TLE] Roy Orbison - Anthology | Not Now Music Roy Orbison - Anthology | Not Now Music [PAR] Roy Orbison [PAR] 2. Dream Baby (How Long Must I Dream) [PAR] 3. Crying [PAR] 5. Working For The Man [PAR] 6. Let's Make A Memory [PAR] 7. Dance [PAR] 12. Come Back To Me (My Love) [PAR] 13. The Actress [PAR] 15. Here Comes That Song Again [PAR] 16. Mama [PAR] 18. (I'd Be) A Legend In My Time [PAR] 19. Leah [PAR] 14. I'll Say It's My Fault [PAR] 15. Wedding Day [PAR] 16. She Wears My Ring [PAR] 17. Summer Song [PAR] 19. I Can't Stop Loving You [PAR] CD 3 [PAR] 14. Sweet And Easy To Love [PAR] 15. I Never Knew [PAR] 17. This Kind Of Love [PAR] 18. Tryin' To Get To You [PAR] 19. Mean Little Mama [PAR] Description / Sleeve notes [PAR] Roy Orbison was a rare solo hitmaker in the group-dominated Sixties, using the experience gained following in the footsteps of Elvis at Sun Records to register UK and US chart-toppers. [PAR] The year of 1962"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franz Joseph Haydn: Father of the String Quartet Franz Joseph Haydn: Father of the String Quartet [PAR] Franz Joseph Haydn: Father of the String Quartet [PAR] Home / Authors, Artists and Vagrants / Franz Joseph Haydn: Father of the String Quartet [PAR] Franz Joseph Haydn: Father of the String Quartet [PAR] Posted on [PAR] Categories: Authors, Artists and Vagrants Tags: Franz Joseph Haydn [PAR] Share this: Franz Joseph Haydn (March 31, 1732 \u2013 May 31, 1809) was an Austrian composer. He was one of the most important, prolific and prominent composers of the classical period. He is often called the \u201cFather of the Symphony\u201d and \u201cFather of the String Quartet\u201d because of his important contributions to these genres. He was also instrumental in the development of the piano trio and in the evolution of sonata form. A life-long resident of Austria, Haydn spent much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Hungarian aristocratic Esterh\u00e1zy family on their remote estate. Isolated from other composers and trends in music until the later part of his long life, he was, as he put it, \u201cforced to become original\u201d. At the time of his death, he was one of the most celebrated composers in Europe. Joseph Haydn was the brother of Michael Haydn, himself a highly regarded composer, and Johann Evangelist Haydn, a tenor. He was also a close friend of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and a teacher of Ludwig van Beethoven. Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau, Austria, a village near the border with Hungary. His father was Mathias Haydn, a wheelwright who also served as \u201cMarktrichter\u201d, an office akin to village mayor. Haydn\u2019s mother Maria, n\u00e9e Koller, had previously worked as a cook in the palace of Count Harrach, the presiding aristocrat of Rohrau. Neither parent could read music; however, Mathias was an enthusiastic folk musician, who during the journeyman period of his career [PAR] Want to read the full article? [PAR] Sign up for free Jane Austen Membership or if you are an existing user please login [PAR] Existing Users Log In[DOC] [TLE] Franz Joseph Haydn - Composer | Information Franz Joseph Haydn - Composer | Information [PAR] Franz Joseph Haydn [PAR] Birthplace [PAR] Rohrau, Austria [PAR] Franz Joseph Haydn, known as Joseph Haydn, was an Austrian composer, one of the most prolific and prominent composers of the Classical period. He is often called the \"Father of the Symphony\" and \"Father of the String Quartet\" because of his important contributions to these forms. He was also instrumental in the development of the piano trio and in the evolution of sonata form. A lifelong resident of Austria, Haydn spent much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Esterh\u00e1zy family on their remote estate. Isolated from other composers and trends in music until the later part of his long life, he was, as he put it, \"forced to become original\". At the time of his death, he was one of the most celebrated composers in Europe [PAR] Most Popular Music"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Darts | Dart Games | Dart Rules Darts | Dart Games | Dart Rules [PAR] Glossary Of Dart Terms & Phrases [PAR] ANNIE'S ROOM: The number 1. [PAR] ARROWS: Darts. [PAR] BABY TON: A score of 95, usually by scoring five 19's. [PAR] BAG O' NUTS:A score of 45. [PAR] BARREL: The part of a dart you grip, right behind the point. [PAR] BASEMENT: The double-3. [PAR] BREAKFAST: A score of single-5, single-20, single-1 in a game of x01. This was based on the typical price of a bed-and-breakfast, 26 pence. [PAR] BUCKET OF NAILS: Landing all three darts in the 1's. [PAR] BUCKSHOT: When you're darts land wildly all over the board. [PAR] BULL: The center of the board. [PAR] BULLSEYE: The center of the board. [PAR] BUST: Hitting more than you needed in an x01 game, and the darts don't count. [PAR] C: In a Cricket game this refers to high scores base on the number of darts scored. For example a triple-20, single-20, single-20 would be called a C-5 because \"5 darts\" were scored with three darts. [PAR] CHUCKER: A player who just \"chucks\" the darts at the board, doesn't aim or care. [PAR] CIRCLE IT: When a player scores a single digit (less than 10) with three darts, his team-mates would shout out \"Circle it!\" to the scorekeeper to highlight the terrible throw. [PAR] CLOCK: The dart board. [PAR] CORK: The center of the board. This comes from the cork in the end of a keg where it is tapped. The ends of kegs were used for targets in the begining of darts. [PAR] DIDDLE FOR MIDDLE: A throw to see who gets one dart closer to the bullseye to determine who shoots first in the game. [PAR] DOUBLE: The thin outer ring of the board, it usually counts for two times the number hit. [PAR] DOUBLE IN: A double is needed to start the game. [PAR] DOUBLE OUT: A double is needed to win the game. [PAR] DOUBLE TOP: The double-20. [PAR] DOUBLE TROUBLE: Not being able to hit the double needed to win the game. [PAR] DOWNSTAIRS: The lower portion of the board, usually in refernce to the 19's in a game of x01. [PAR] EASY IN: A game that requires no special shot to begin scoring. [PAR] FEATHERS: The \"wings\" at the end of a dart that make it fly straight. Also known as flights. [PAR] FEATHERS: The number 33. [PAR] FLIGHTS: The \"wings\" at the end of a dart that make it fly straith. Also known as feathers. [PAR] HAT TRICK: A score of three bullseyes. [PAR] HOCKEY: The line you you stand behind and throw the darts from. [PAR] ISLAND: The actual playable area of a dart board (inside the doubles ring). If you miss, your \"Off the island\". [PAR] LEG: One game of a match. [PAR] MAD HOUSE: The double-one, because it can drive you crazy trying to hit one in a game of x01. [PAR] MIDDLE FOR MIDDLE: A throw to see who gets one dart closer to the bullseye to determine who shoots first in the game. [PAR] MONGER: A person who deliberately scores many more points than needed to win the game. [PAR] MUGS AWAY: Loser of the previous game goes first in the next game. [PAR] MURPHY: A score of single-5, single-20, single-1 in a game of x01. Based on Murphy's Law. [PAR] OCHE: The line you you stand behind and throw the darts from. [PAR] POINT MONGER: A person who deliberately scores many more points than needed to win the game. [PAR] POPCORN:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Midnight\u2019s Children: Analysis of Major Characters SparkNotes: Midnight\u2019s Children: Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Themes, Motifs & Symbols [PAR] Saleem Sinai [PAR] Saleem Sinai is the protagonist and narrator of Midnight\u2019s Children. He is born, along with one other child, at the exact moment of India\u2019s independence. His identity, however, is switched at birth. As a result, he is raised by a prosperous family in Bombay, while his counterpart and future rival, Shiva, is raised in poverty. Saleem has the powers of telepathy and a preternaturally acute sense of smell, which allow him to find the other children of midnight and create the Midnight\u2019s Children\u2019s Conference. As he approaches his thirty-first birthday, he says he is nearing death. His body is literally falling apart, and it\u2019s only a matter of time before he crumbles into dust. Driven by a desire to beat his biological clock, Saleem narrates his life story to his devoted and loving caretaker, Padma. His tale, which begins with his grandfather Aadam and is at times unreliable and contrived, represents not only his individual life story but also the entire history of postcolonial India. All the major events in his life correspond to important political events in Indian history, leading him to compare his narrative to religious texts. Given his fantastic birth and extraordinary powers, the prime minister of India, Indira Ghandi, seeks to destroy him along with the other midnight\u2019s children. [PAR] Padma [PAR] Padma is Saleem\u2019s loving companion and caretaker, and she will become his fianc\u00e9e at the end of the novel. She is the audience for Saleem\u2019s narrative. With strong, hairy forearms, a name associated with dung, and a cynical and often impatient ear, Padma represents the antithesis to Saleem\u2019s magical, exuberant, freewheeling narration. She hurries the narrative along, imploring Saleem to get on with the plot rather than veering off into tangents, and often she expresses doubts as to the veracity of Saleem\u2019s account. As a rhetorical device, Padma allows Rushdie the chance to acknowledge explicitly any doubts or frustrations the reader may feel in response to the novel. She is the practical voice of criticism. Because she is there to counteract its most extreme tendencies, she supports the novel\u2019s more willfully excessive indulgences. Saleem\u2019s frequent interruptions, digressions, and self-obsession are all, to some degree, made possible by Padma\u2019s expressions of doubt and frustration: the two sides work together to create a holistic reading experience. By explicitly taking into account the difficulties of the narrative, Rushdie is able to move beyond them. [PAR] Shiva [PAR] Born at the stroke of midnight and named after the Hindu god of destruction, Shiva is Saleem\u2019s rival and counterpart. Switched at birth with Saleem, Shiva is robbed of his affluent birthright and raised in abject poverty. Blessed with a pair of enormous and powerful knees, Shiva is a gifted warrior and, therefore, a foil for the more mild-mannered Saleem. Shiva represents the alternate side of India: poor, Hindu, and as aggressive as Saleem is passive. As a young child, he is the leader of a street gang and possibly a murderer. He is driven by a determinedly individualist perspective and grows up unable to form any human attachments. Although he is a violent character, he is, nonetheless, a tragic figure, damaged and shaped by the forces of history and class. During the 1971 war between India and Pakistan, Shiva lives up to his name and becomes a war hero, eventually promoted to the rank of major. Along with his military reputation, Shiva also becomes a noted lover among the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tom Robinson Band- Grey Cortina - YouTube Tom Robinson Band- Grey Cortina - YouTube [PAR] Tom Robinson Band- Grey Cortina [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 19, 2015 [PAR] From- Power in the Darkness(1978) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many players on a soccer team | Starting players in a ... How many players on a soccer team | Starting players in a football game [PAR] How Many Players are on a Soccer Team? [PAR] Published on [PAR] Jun 20, 2014 [PAR] Know the required number of players in every football game. [PAR] How many players do play in a football game? The answer is 11: one player plays goalkeeper while the other ten play as forwards, midfielders, or defenders. [PAR] The the number of players for a regulation football game is determined by FIFA rules (A). There are different number of players for kids\u2019 and youth soccer (B), indoor soccer (C), futsal (D), beach soccer (E), and paralympic football (F). [PAR] A. FIFA Laws [PAR] In international and FIFA-regulated games such as the UEFA, the official number of players on a football field is eleven. However, a team may start with fewer players if it is impossible to come up with 11. [PAR] The minimum number of players that FIFA allows is seven. A match is halted when more than four players of the same team are booked with a red card . FIFA rules are adopted by major soccer tournaments and most outdoor football leagues. [PAR] B. Youth and kids\u2019 football [PAR] Kids start playing the regular 11-a-side football at the age of 12. Young footballers aged 10 years old and below have different numbers of players per team. [PAR] U10 footballers play with 8 players on each side while U8 soccer players play four on four. Kids six years and under play three on three. [PAR] C. Indoor soccer [PAR] There are six players in an indoor football game. Hence, this variant of soccer is also called six-a-side. Of the six, one plays goalkeeper while the others play either as defenders or attackers. [PAR] D. Futsal [PAR] In futsal, five players play at a time. One of them plays goalkeeper, just like in outdoor soccer. A team may have up to seven substitute players. The number of substitutes allowed to come in during a game of futsal is unlimited. [PAR] Futebol de sal\u00e3o, a variant of soccer which is very similar to futsal, also has five players per side. [PAR] E. Beach soccer [PAR] Five players play in a regulation beach football or beasal game. One player plays as goalkeeper. Substitutes are allowed for an unlimited number of times. [PAR] F. Paralympic football [PAR] The number of players who can play in paralympic football is either five or seven. [PAR] Players who have visual impairments usually play five-a-side football while those with neurological disorders play seven-a-side."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Morganza Spillway/Floodway and Old River Control Structure Morganza Spillway/Floodway and Old River Control Structure - Louisiana Environmental Action Network [PAR] Louisiana Environmental Action Network [PAR] Home \u00bb Our Work \u00bb Uncategorized \u00bb Morganza Spillway/Floodway and Old River Control Structure [PAR] Morganza Spillway/Floodway and Old River Control Structure [PAR] Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) [PAR] The Morganza Spillway east of Melville, Louisiana, was opened on May 14, 2011, to divert Mississippi River water into the Atchafalaya Basin. The diversion of Mississippi River water was necessary to lower the Mississippi River flood stage and reduce pressure on the levee system along the lower portions of the river. The opening of the Morganza Spillway was initiated in order to protect Baton Rouge and New Orleans from being flooded by the over topping of their levees and reduce the possibility of levee failure. [PAR] Diverting Mississippi River water into the Atchafalaya River and Atchafalaya Basin [PAR] Update and Ground Patrol for Louisiana Environmental Action Network and Lower Mississippi Riverkeeper [PAR] by Wilma Subra [PAR] May 20, 2011 [PAR] Morganza Spillway Structure [PAR] The Morganza Spillway east of Melville, Louisiana, was opened on May 14, 2011, to divert Mississippi River water into the Atchafalaya Basin. The diversion of Mississippi River water was necessary to lower the Mississippi River flood stage and reduce pressure on the levee system along the lower portions of the river. The opening of the Morganza Spillway was initiated in order to protect Baton Rouge and New Orleans from being flooded by the over topping of their levees and reduce the possibility of levee failure. [PAR] On May 22, 2011, 17 of the 125 bays in the Morganza Spillway were open and allowing Mississippi River water to flow into the Atchafalaya Basin. As the Mississippi River water passed through the Spillway, the water was roaring, foaming, creating rapids and dispersing water into the air on the Atchafalaya Basin side of the spillway. A crane mounted on a barge was rapidly placing large sand bags along the Mississippi River side of the levee, adjacent to the Spillway structure, to stabilize and raise the elevation of the levee. The water on the MIssissippi River side of the Spillway structure was near the top of the levees on either side of the Spillway. Large sand bags had been placed on top of the levee system to raise the level of protection where the Mississippi River levee system joins the Morganza spillway levees. [PAR] Mississippi River water flowing through the Morganza Spillway. [PAR] The Morganza Spillway down stream from the Morganza Spillway structure was flooded with diverted Mississippi River water and the water was moving down the spillway and flooding agricultural fields, homes and businesses. The harvesting of the wheat crop in the Morganza Spillway area was completed just prior to the opening the spillway. The corn, soybean, rice and sugarcane crops within the Morganza Spillway have been destroyed by the flood waters. Meanwhile, the crops outside of the Morganza Spillway are desperate for rain. [PAR] Security in the area of the Morganza Spillway was very tight and access was very limited as compared to two weeks earlier when access was unlimited. Sheriff deputies and National Guard troops guarded the spillway structure and blocked the access roads in the area. Traffic was not allowed to stop or park within five miles of the spillway structure. [PAR] Old River Control Complex [PAR] The Old River Control Complex, northeast of Simmesport, Louisiana, diverts 30% of the Mississippi River flow into the Atchafalaya River on an ongoing basis. The Old River Control Complex"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Lindum Colonia, Archaeological sites ... Learn and talk about Lindum Colonia, Ancient Roman forts in England, Archaeological sites in Lincolnshire, Coloniae (Roman), Former populated places in Lincolnshire [PAR] Roman Imperial [PAR] Lindum Colonia, was the Roman name for the settlement which is now the City of Lincoln in Lincolnshire . It was founded as a Roman Legionary Fortress during the reign of the Emperor Nero (58-68) or possibly later. [1] Evidence from Roman tombstones suggests that Lincoln was first garrisoned by the Ninth Legion , Hispana which probably moved from Lincoln to found the fortress at York around c.71 A.D. Lindum was then garrisoned by the Second Legion Aduitrix, which then went on to Chester in 77-8 A.D. [2] [PAR] Probably under the reign of Domitian and most likely after 86 A.D., the fortress became a Colonia , a settlement for retired soldiers sanctioned by the Emperor. [3] The Colonia now developed and a second enclosure, often referred to as the \u2018\u2018Lower Colonia\u2019\u2019 was added between the Upper Colonia and the River Witham . Evidence has been uncovered for the Forum , baths, temples, buildings and shops of the Colonia which was enclosed by walls. The walls of the Upper Colonia started to be built in the earlier part of the 2nd century A.D., [4] while the Lower Colonia was walled in either the late 2nd or early 3rd centuries. The Roman settlement also spread to the south of the river Witham in the area known as the Wigford. In the early 3rd century A.D. with the re-organisation of the Roman Empire, a case can be made that Lindum Colonia had become the provincial capital of Britannia Secunda and possibly a Bishop from Lincoln was present at the Council of Arles in 314. [5] In the 4th century A.D. Lincoln continued to develop and there is increasing evidence for Christianity , but in the 5th century, following the departure of the Romans, Lindum declined and was largely deserted. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Name[ edit ] [PAR] The name is a Latinized form of a native Brittonic name which has been reconstructed as *Lindon ( lit. \"pool\" or \"lake\"; cf. modern Welsh llyn ). [6] The primary evidence that modern Lincoln was referred to as Lindum comes from Ptolemy\u2019s Geography which was compiled in about 150 AD, where Lindum is referred to as a polis or town within the tribal area of the Corieltauvi . In the Antonine Itinerary , a road book of the mid-2nd century A.D., Lindum is mentioned three times as Lindo in the Iter or routes numbered V, VI and VIII. Then, in the Ravenna Cosmography , a listing of towns in the Roman Empire compiled in the 7th century AD., Lincoln is referred to as Lindum Colonia. [7] As the Roman colonia for veteran soldiers at Lincoln is thought to have been established during the reign of the Roman Emperoer Domitian (81-96), it has been suggested that the full name of the Colonia would have been Colonia Domitiana Lindensium, but, as yet, there have been no Roman inscriptions found that confirm this. [8] [PAR] Construction[ edit ] [PAR] Tombstone of Gauis Valerius, a standard bearer of the Ninth Legion. Found on the South Common, Lincoln https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/257 [PAR] The Romans conquered this part of Britain in AD 48 and shortly afterwards built a legionary fortress , possibly south of the River Witham . This was soon replaced, around the year 60, by a second fort for the Ninth Legion , high on a hill overlooking the natural lake formed by the widening"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Crookshanks - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Crookshanks | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \"There's something funny about that animal! It heard me say that Scabbers was in my bag!\" [PAR] \u2014Ron after one of Crookshanks' failed attempts to catch Scabbers [src] [PAR] Hermione holding Crookshanks on the Hogwarts Express [PAR] Crookshanks played an instrumental part in Sirius Black 's attempts to enter Hogwarts Castle for the purpose of procuring Peter Pettigrew , who was masquerading as Scabbers , Ron Weasley 's beloved pet rat. Crookshanks immediately took a disliking to Scabbers, (perhaps because he was half- kneazle and could detect frauds) trying to attack him through Ron's clothes the first time they met. Afterwards, Crookshanks independently sought Scabbers out, causing the rat to seek hiding places. When Scabbers took off to hide in Rubeus Hagrid 's hut, Ron was convinced that Crookshanks had eaten him. This caused a row with Hermione, until he was found at Hagrid's. [PAR] Events of 6 June, 1994 [PAR] Crookshanks met Sirius Black in his Animagus form of Padfoot on the Hogwarts grounds several times, and stole the passwords to Gryffindor Tower from Neville Longbottom to help him get into the castle. Crookshanks helped Sirius lure Harry, Ron, and Hermione into the Shrieking Shack . During the scuffle between Harry and Sirius, Crookshanks attempted both to steal Harry's wand and attack Harry, and when both failed, set himself over Sirius' heart. The hesitation that Harry felt gave enough time for Professor Remus Lupin to arrive. [PAR] Ron allows Crookshanks to sniff his tiny owl [PAR] Crookshanks led the way back through the tunnels. However, when Lupin transformed into a werewolf , Pettigrew stole Lupin's wand and stunned both Ron and Crookshanks, escaping. After all this, Ron accepted Crookshanks as a remarkable animal companion, asking for his 'judgement' of the small owl that Sirius had offered to him as compensation for the loss of Scabbers to confirm that the owl wasn't another Animagus . [3] Crookshanks did not react to the tiny owl, therefore it was decided that there was nothing wrong with it. [PAR] 1994-1995 [PAR] Crookshanks curled up on Hermione's lap in the Gryffindor Common Room [PAR] Crookshanks soon became more friendly to others; for example, he once curled up in Harry Potter 's lap when Harry was waiting to hear from Sirius. However, he still remained unusually perceptive and disapproving of bad behaviour, judging by how he stared at Harry and Ron while they made up answers for their Divination homework. [4] Ginny Weasley (who Ron claimed was a great lover of cats [5] ) seemed fond of Crookshanks; she enjoyed playing with him, and was able to coax him out in the kitchen of Grimmauld Place during an Order of the Phoenix meeting, rolling butter beer corks for him to catch. [6] [PAR] Second Wizarding War [PAR] During the height of the Second Wizarding War , Hermione and Crookshanks came to stay at the Burrow , but Hermione left with Harry and Ron after Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour 's wedding reception was interrupted by Death Eaters . [7] It is unknown what happened to Crookshanks while Hermione was searching for Horcruxes ; most likely, he stayed in the Weasley's care, given Ginny's fondness of cats. Alternately, he may have left the Weasley household alone. [PAR] Physical appearance[DOC] [TLE] Hermione Granger - Harry Potter Wiki - Wikia Hermione Granger | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u2014Hermione faces her Boggart [src] [PAR] Just before she began the 1993-1994 school year, while visiting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1969 July 20: Apollo 11 - First Man on the Moon - YouTube 1969 July 20: Apollo 11 - First Man on the Moon - YouTube [PAR] 1969 July 20: Apollo 11 - First Man on the Moon [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 19, 2013 [PAR] If you like PC Games visit: http://www.freemmorpgtoplay.com/ [PAR] Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans on the Moon, Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Armstrong spent about two and a half hours outside the spacecraft, Aldrin slightly less, and together they collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material for return to Earth. A third member of the mission, Michael Collins, piloted the command spacecraft alone in lunar orbit until Armstrong and Aldrin returned to it just under a day later for the trip back to Earth. [PAR] If you like PC Games visit: http://www.freemmorpgtoplay.com/ [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Serbian president Tadic resigns to prompt early election ... Serbian president Tadic resigns to prompt early election \u2014 RT News [PAR] Tags Breakaway regions , Election , Kosovo , Politics , The Balkans [PAR] \u00adTadic is set to leave the office April 6, after that Slavica Djukic Dejanovic, the speaker of parliament, will become the acting president until a new head of state is elected. [PAR] Serbia's parliamentary speaker is expected to call a vote for May 6, the same day that general elections are already scheduled. According to the Law on the Election of the President, the vote must be called at least 30 days before the election takes place, which means by April 7 if the vote is to go ahead on May 6, reports Balkan Insight. [PAR] Tadic's presidential term would have expired at the end of this year. He decided to opt for an early vote to boost the chances of his Democratic Party, which has been slipping in recent pre-election polls against Nikolic's populist Serbian Progressive Party. [PAR] Dragan Bujosevic, editor of the Serbian daily Politika, told Balkan Insight that later on Tadic [PAR] \"would risk losing, as he would go into the second round [of the presidential polls] with [opposition leader Tomislav] Nikolic.\" [PAR] Tadic, whose main goal was to bring Serbia closer to the European Union, said the challenge will be tough, and called on voters to choose which way they want the country to go. [PAR] \u201cI'm offering a road of European integration,\u201d Tadic said. \u201cI will run in that election with optimism because of the positive trends in our country.\u201d [PAR] Apart form advocating the integration of Serbia into the European Union, Tadic is known for his firm stance on the troubled Kosovo region. He believes Serbia should only join the EU with his country's sovereignty over Kosovo. [PAR] However, it is Kosovo\u2019s proclaimed independence that was one of the reasons behind the constant faltering of the talks on Serbia\u2019s EU membership, even after the European Commission recommended making the country an official candidate on 12 October 2011. [PAR] Another condition for full EU accession put to Belgrade was cooperation with the War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague \u2013 and under Tadic it did. [PAR] It resulted in Serbia handing over former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic, arrested in Belgrade in July 2008. In October 2009, The Hague put Karadzic on trial, accusing him of several war crimes, including ordering the 1995 Srebrenica Massacre. [PAR] Court proceedings over another suspect, Bosnian Serb ex-General Ratko Mladic, will start in May. The most wanted war crimes suspect in the Bosnian conflict, Mladic had been on the run for 16 years before his arrest in January 2011. [PAR] In July, Serbia extradited its last war-crimes suspect, Goran Hadzic. He will now be tried in The Hague by the tribunal for the former Yugoslavia over crimes he allegedly committed in the early 1990s. [PAR] Tadic was elected president in 2004. The presidential term in Serbia lasts five years and one person can only be elected twice. Tadic, however, can run for a third consecutive term, as Serbia's new constitution was adopted in 2006 and his first term does not count.[DOC] [TLE] Boris Tadic | Columbia University World Leaders Forum Boris Tadic | Columbia University World Leaders Forum [PAR] Boris Tadic [PAR] President of the Republic of Serbia [PAR] President Tadic was elected to a five-year term on June 27, 2004, and was sworn into office on July 11, 2004. Prior to his presidency, President Tadic served, from March 2003 to April 2004 as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coen brothers | American filmmakers | Britannica.com Coen brothers | American filmmakers | Britannica.com [PAR] American filmmakers [PAR] Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent [PAR] Coen brothers, American filmmakers known for their stylish films that combine elements of comedy and drama and often centre around eccentric characters and convoluted plots. Though both brothers contributed to all phases of the filmmaking process, Joel Coen (b. November 29, 1955, St. Louis Park, Minnesota, U.S.) was usually solely credited as the director, and Ethan Coen (b. September 21, 1958, St. Louis Park) was nominally the producer, with the brothers sharing screenwriting credit and using the pseudonym \u201cRoderick Jaynes\u201d for editing. [PAR] Joel and Ethan Coen, 2011. [PAR] \u00a9 cinemafestival/Shutterstock.com [PAR] The children of university professors, the brothers showed an early interest in filmmaking, shooting home movies of their friends with a Super-8 camera. Joel refined his craft at the New York University Film School and after graduation found work as an assistant editor on low-budget horror films. Ethan, meanwhile, studied philosophy at Princeton University . After graduation he joined his brother in New York City , and together they began writing scripts for independent producers. [PAR] The brothers garnered much attention in 1984 with Blood Simple, a sleek thriller that they cowrote and financed through private investors. The critical success of the film enabled the brothers to make a deal with an independent production company that granted them complete creative control. The films that followed highlighted the Coens\u2019 versatility and firmly established their reputation as idiosyncratic talents. Raising Arizona (1987) was an irreverent comedy about babies, Harley Davidsons, and high explosives, and the period drama Miller\u2019s Crossing (1990) focused on gangsters. Barton Fink , about an edgy, neurotic would-be writer, claimed the best picture, best director, and best actor awards at the 1991 Cannes international film competition, the first such sweep in the festival\u2019s history. [PAR] The Coens turned to Hollywood to produce their fifth feature, The Hudsucker Proxy (1994), a fairy tale in which a small-town hayseed becomes the head of a big-time corporation. Written a decade earlier by the brothers and director Sam Raimi , the project boasted an all-star cast that included Paul Newman and Tim Robbins , but it was a critical and financial flop. Fargo (1996) marked a return to both small-budget, independent filmmaking and the brothers\u2019 Minnesota roots. The film\u2014a dark comedy that revolves around a botched kidnapping and the small-town police officer (played by Frances McDormand , Joel\u2019s wife) who investigates it\u2014was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won two (including a best original screenplay Oscar for the Coens). The brothers\u2019 next film, The Big Lebowski (1998), was a box-office disappointment but gained a massive cult following when it was released on video and DVD. O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), a reimagining of Homer \u2019s Odyssey set in the Depression-era American South and starring George Clooney , earned the brothers their second Oscar nomination for screenwriting. The Man Who Wasn\u2019t There (2001) won rave reviews for its pitch-perfect film noir style. [PAR] Ethan and Joel Coen after winning the Academy Award for best original screenplay, 1997. [PAR] \u00a9 Paul Smith/Featureflash/Shutterstock.com [PAR] After a pair of broad comedies that failed to excite either the public or critics, the brothers earned accolades in 2007 with their atmospheric meditation on good and evil, No Country for Old Men , an adaptation of Cormac McCarthy \u2019s novel of the same name. The film won four Academy Awards, and the Coens received Oscars for best picture , best director, and best adapted screenplay. They followed that with Burn After"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Five Easy Pieces (1970) - Filmsite.org Five Easy Pieces (1970) [PAR] Pages: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) [PAR] Background [PAR] Five Easy Pieces (1970) is a moody, incisive, thoughtful character study of an alienated, misfit drifter, outcast and non-committal drop-out. The film was awarded Best Picture honors from the New York Film Critics Circle, and established Jack Nicholson, soon after his success in Easy Rider (1969) , as the foremost actor of his generation. It benefited from a cycle of youth-oriented countercultural movies at the time with disgruntled characters - including The Graduate (1967) , Bonnie and Clyde (1967) , Cool Hand Luke (1967) , Alice's Restaurant (1969), and the documentary Woodstock (1970). [PAR] Its main character was a defining one for the era in which this American New Wave film was produced. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the US political situation was very unstable and in upheaval, with Nixon's secret bombings of Cambodia and the uncertainty of the Vietnam War, the Kent State Massacre in the late spring, and Wall Street's hard-hat riots. He reflected the aimless, restless, dissatisfied middle-class spirit that was prevalent. He had abandoned his upper-class bourgeois musical roots - first using his musical talent in cheap Las Vegas musical revues, and then forsaking music all-together as an oil field manual laborer, before finally heading into the unknown - possibly to Canada or Alaska. It was taglined: \"He Rode the Fast Lane On The Road To Nowhere.\" [PAR] The road-trip story from Columbia Pictures was about rough, red-neck California oil rigger Robert \"Bobby\" Eroica Dupea (Jack Nicholson in his first starring vehicle) who had turned his back on his well-to-do upbringing and his musical talent. [Note: \"Eroica\" was the title of Beethoven's Third Symphony.] His selfishness, lack of ambition and insecurity led him into a period of self-imposed exile, discontent, emotional emptiness and restlessness for twenty years as a blue-collar worker. [PAR] Themes of masculinity, class, alienation and family were examined, as the disillusioned misfit was caught in the gulf between his intellectual upper-class family (where he had dashed their expectations) and his lower-class, part-time girlfriend (representing a lusty lifestyle of boozing, partying, bowling, and sex), and felt himself immobile to advance himself in life. His uncomfortable journey ended in an open-ended way, in the film's ambiguous ending, as he hitched a ride to nowhere. [PAR] The film's title refers to a commonly-used practice book of easy-to-play piano selections for beginning students on how to learn the art of mastering a piano. Metaphorically, the protagonist was also taking the 'beginners' approach to challenges that he faced in life. The lonely rebel would always take the \"easy\" route (usually denial, escape, or flight) from his discordant problems, various jobs and women, family responsibilities, the thought of settling down, fears and loved ones. The number five was also an important indicator in other ways: [PAR] Instances of the Number Five [PAR] The Five Classical Pieces Played in the Film (listed in the title credits) [PAR] Fantasy in F Minor, Op. 49 (Chopin) [PAR] Chromatic Fantasy & Fugue (Bach) [PAR] Past Life (Parents' Generation) [PAR] Different Upper Middle-Class Culture and Values [PAR] Rebellious, hot-tempered blue-collar hard-hat, oil-rigger redneck worker, using the common name \"Bobby\" and speaking in the vernacular with an Okie-Arky accent [PAR] A former child prodigy at the piano, formally named Robert Eroica Dupea, who rejected and despised his pretentious, wealthy, upper-class, well-educated, artistic background and family, which included pampering, white-collar society, elitism, and over-cultivation [PAR] As a mean, sweaty manual laborer, lives and works in the stark, arid,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] T. Rex: Electric Warrior - Music on Google Play T. Rex: Electric Warrior - Music on Google Play [PAR] ( 30) [PAR] Description [PAR] Electric Warrior is the sixth studio album by English glam rock act T. Rex. It is the group's second album released under the name \"T. Rex\", with the first four billed as \"Tyrannosaurus Rex\". It was released on 24 September 1971 by record label Fly in the UK and Reprise in the US. The album marks a turning point in the band's sound, dispensing with the folk-oriented music of the group's previous albums and pioneering a new, \"glammier\" style of rock known as glam rock. The album also drew attention to the band in the United States with the top 10 hit \"Bang A Gong\". This would prove to be the band's only successful single in America, deeming the band a \"one-hit wonder\" there.[DOC] [TLE] T- Rex - Electric Warrior album review - keno.org T- Rex - Electric Warrior album review [PAR] 8.4 [PAR] REVIEW [PAR] This glam rock album is a gas, from start to finish. Electric Warrior was the first album put out by the band T-Rex after leader Marc Bolan took the acoustic-driven, hippie folk-rock duo Tyrannosaurus Rex, added two new members (Bill Legend and Steve Currie), and officially shorten it's name (actually first shorten for the single, Ride a White Swan). [PAR] The album kicks off with the heavy beating, almost perfect, \"Mambo Sun\" with it's great catchy lyrics.Then comes \"Cosmic Dancer\", with Bolan sounding almost Bowie like here, as he does on a few songs on the LP. Next up is perhaps the best tune on the album, \"Jeepster\", I'm a sucker for a song with a heavy bass, and this little gem got one! \"Monolith\" is another fine glam tune, then we get to hear the bluesy rocker, \"Lean Woman Blues\", very heavy! If \"Jeepster\" isn't the album's best song, then the re-titled \"Bang A Gong (Get It On)\" is (it was released in the UK as just \"Get It On\"). It's hard to believe that this song was T-Rex's only US hit, as they put out so many great songs on this album alone. [PAR] The rest of the songs that follow on this record are perhaps second tier, just not as strong as the first six, but still, they all sound good. One that is a strong number, is the mellow, \"Life's A Gas\". I can't help but feel sad these days when I hear Bolan sing \"Life's a gas, I hope it's gonna last\", as it didn't for him. On \"Girl\", another fine tune, Bolan goes back to the old acoustic guitar sound that used to dominant the earlier Tyrannosaurus Rex's albums. [PAR] Perhaps the only negative bit on this album is that a few songs sound a bit too much alike. \"Planet Queen\" has great lyrics, but starts off too much like \"Mambo Sun\", and \"The Motivator\" plain out sounds like \"Bang A Gong\" throughout, both musically and in Bolan's delivery of the lyrics.The album's closer, \"Rip Off\", has a different feel to it than the other songs, it starts off sounding like a punk number, but it's ending is almost Pink Floyd like. [PAR] Like so many CDs these days, the reissued Electric Warrior comes with six bonus tracks, all of which sound good, including the great rocking hit \"Raw Ramp\" - which is another ten for sure; and the number one single \"Hot Love\", which was recorded by the band before the sessions for Electric Warrior were started, therefore it was kept"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Austria States - Statoids Austria States [PAR] Vienna [PAR] [PAR] At the beginning of the 20th century, Austria was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or Austria-Hungary. This country included most or all of present-day Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Croatia, about half of Romania, and parts of Southern Poland, Western Ukraine, Northern Yugoslavia, and Northern Italy. It also had administrative control of Bosnia-Herzegovina. At the end of World War I, the treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon redrew the map of Europe, and Austria emerged looking almost exactly as it does today. During World War II, Austria was annexed by Germany, but the Allies never recognized the annexation, and at the end of the war, the status quo ante was restored. [PAR] Other names of country: [PAR] ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2. [PAR] FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4. [PAR] NUTS: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics. Note: by taking the first three characters of the NUTS codes, [PAR] the states can be grouped into three regions: AT1 Ost\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich, AT2 S\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich, and AT3 West\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich. [PAR] UPU: Province codes from \"Postal Addressing Systems\". [PAR] Conv: Conventional abbreviations used in Austria. [PAR] Population: 2011-10-31 census from population registers (source [5]). [PAR] Postal Codes: Austrian Postleitzahlen (postal codes, abbreviated PLZ) are four digits. With a few exceptions, the [PAR] state can be deduced from the first one or two digits. The exceptions are cases where a city is served from a [PAR] distribution center in a neighboring state. (a) Also 99xx for East Tyrol. Note: postal codes for Austrian addresses [PAR] can be identified by prefixing them with \"A-\". [PAR] Further subdivisions: [PAR] See the Districts of Austria page. [PAR] Each state is further subdivided into entities of two types: Politischer Bezirk (district) and Statutarstadt (statutory city, or urban district). (Vienna has only one such subdivision.) There are currently 99 districts. They are further subdivided into Gemeinden (communes). [PAR] Territorial extent: [PAR] Vienna is completely surrounded by Lower Austria. [PAR] Tyrol consists of two sections, separated by a strip of land belonging to Salzburg. The smaller part, commonly called Osttirol (East Tyrol), is equivalent to the Politischer Bezirk of Lienz. [PAR] There is also a small area of Tyrol, containing the town of Jungholz, which is connected to the rest of Tyrol at only a single point. The Austrian-German border forms an X there. [PAR] for Austria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. [PAR] Origins of names: [PAR] Burgenland: Named for the three Hungarian counties, known in German as Eisenburg, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddenburg, and Wieselburg, which were cut up to make this state: the Land of the \"-burgs.\" [PAR] Carinthia: The inhabitants of this region were known as Carantani to the ancient Romans. [PAR] Lower Austria: Area of Austria which lies downstream along the Danube. [PAR] Salzburg: German Salz: salt, Burg: castle. Salt was mined and stored here. [PAR] Styria: German Steiermark from Steyr, a city name, and Old High German marcha: boundary land. [PAR] Tyrol: Named for Tyrol Castle near Merano. [PAR] Upper Austria: Area of Austria which lies upstream along the Danube. [PAR] Vienna: Latin Vindobona from Indo-European vindo: whiteness and Celtic bona: citadel. [PAR] Vorarlberg: = Before the Arlberg, a mountain (pass) which divides this state from the rest of Austria. [PAR] Change history: [PAR] 1918: The official names of the provinces of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich ober der Enns and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich unter der Enns were changed to Ober\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich and Unter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsterreich, respectively, to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidential Terms - Why Presidents Can Serve 2 Terms Presidential Terms - Why Presidents Can Serve 2 Terms [PAR] By Tom Murse [PAR] Updated August 23, 2016. [PAR] The number of presidential terms is limited to two under the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution , which reads in part: \"No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice.\" Presidential terms are four years each, meaning the most any president can serve in the White House is eight years. [PAR] The amendment defining limits on presidential terms was approved by Congress on March 21, 1947, during the administration of President Harry S. Truman . It was ratified by the states on Feb. 27, 1951. [PAR] Presidential Terms Not Defined in Constitution [PAR] The Constitution itself did not limit the number of presidential terms to two, though many early presidents including George Washington imposed such a limit on themselves. Many argue that the 22nd Amendment merely put on paper the unwritten tradition held by presidents of retiring after two terms. [PAR] There is an exception, however. Before the ratification of the 22nd Amendment, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to four terms in the White House in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Overview of the Executive Branch [PAR] Roosevelt died less than a year into his fourth term, but he is the only president to have served more than two terms. [PAR] Presidential Terms Defined In 22nd Amendment [PAR] The relevant section of the 22nd Amendment defining presidential terms reads: [PAR] \"No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once.\" [PAR] When Presidents Can Serve More Than Two Terms [PAR] American presidents are elected for four-year terms. While the 22nd Amendment limits presidents to two full terms in office, it also allows for them to serve two years at most of another president's term. That means the most any president can serve in the White House is 10 years. [PAR] Conspiracy Theories About Presidential Terms [PAR] During President Barack Obama's two terms in office, Republican critics occasionally raised the conspiracy theory that he was trying to mastermind a way to win a third term in office . Obama fueled some of those conspiracy theories, though, by saying he could have won a third term if he were allowed to seek it. [PAR] \u201cI think if I ran, I could win. But I can\u2019t. There\u2019s a lot that I\u2019d like to do to keep America moving. But the law is the law, and no person is above the law, not even the president,\u201d Obama said during his second term. [PAR] Obama said he believed the office of the president should be \"continually renewed by new energy and new ideas and new insights. And although I think I am as good of a president as I have ever been right now, I also think that there comes a point where you don't have fresh legs.\" [PAR] The rumors of a third Obama term begin even before he had won his second term. Just before the 2012 election , subscribers to one of former U.S. House Speaker Newt Gingrich 's email newsletters warned readers that the 22nd Amendment would be wiped from the books. [PAR] \"The truth is, the next election has already been decided. Obama"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maundy Thursday in the United States - Time and Date Maundy Thursday in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Maundy Thursday [PAR] Maundy Thursday in the United States [PAR] Maundy Thursday, also known as Holy Thursday, is a Christian observance in the United States. It is the day before Good Friday and takes place during Holy Week. It commemorates Jesus Christ\u2019s last supper and the initiation of Holy Communion (the Eucharist), observed in many Christian churches. [PAR] Maundy Thursday church services include the rite of Communion. [PAR] Maundy Thursday church services include the rite of Communion. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Wojtek Kryczka [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Many Holy Thursday services, particularly in the Catholic churches, are held in the evenings and offer Communion (or Eucharist) to the congregation. Some priests or ministers wash parishioners\u2019 feet in memory of the story of Jesus washing his disciples\u2019 feet. Holy oils are blessed to symbolize that the sacraments have their source in Jesus Christ, according to Christian belief. Hymns such as the Pange Lingua, Gloria, or Ubi Caritas, are usually sung in some church services during this time of the year. [PAR] Some churches offer a pot luck supper for congregation members after the Holy Thursday service. If donations are collected from the suppers, they usually go towards charitable causes. Holy Thursday serves as a time for some Christians to donate money to the poor. Some people also prepare a meal that includes roast lamb, bitter herbs and wine around this time of the year. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Maundy Thursday is not a public holiday in the United States so schools, government offices and businesses are open. Public transport providers run to their usual schedules. [PAR] Background [PAR] Holy Thursday, or Maundy Thursday, commemorates the institution of the Eucharist, a Christian sacrament that involves consecrating (or making holy) bread and wine. The term \u201cMaundy\u201d derives from the Latin word for \u201ccommandment\u201d. The New Testament in the bible describes events that took place on Holy Thursday. These events include Jesus washing his disciples\u2019 feet and the Last Supper before he was arrested. Many Maundy Thursday church traditions come from practices that took place in Europe for many centuries.[DOC] [TLE] Easter | 2017 | Holidays Calendar Easter | 2017 | Holidays Calendar [PAR] Sunday, April 17 [PAR] Christian observance and celebration of Easter [PAR] The Christian observance of Easter focuses on a single all-important event, Jesus Christ's Resurrection from the tomb. The Resurrection is celebrated on Easter Sunday once a year, and is a moveable holiday, which means that it is not celebrated on the same calendar date every year. According to Wikipedia, Easter Sunday falls on the first Sunday after the full moon that follows the northern hemisphere's vernal equinox. This was established by the First Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D. There are several holidays that precede Easter Sunday in anticipation of the celebration of the Resurrection. These events, in addition to Easter Sunday, are sometimes referred to as the Easter Season, and include Mardi Gras (Carnival), Ash Wednesday and Lent, Palm Sunday, Holy Thursday, Good Friday and Easter Sunday. Below is a summary of these events. [PAR] Mardi Gras (Carnival) [PAR] The Mardi Gras season takes place prior to Ash Wednesday, and can last for a few days or few weeks depending on where it is celebrated. In many areas, including New Orleans, Mardi Gras is the three or four day period prior to Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras is considered to be either a Christian or Catholic celebration. The idea of the Mardi Gras celebration runs"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Painted The Famous Poker Playing Dogs? Who Painted The Famous Poker Playing Dogs? [PAR] News Poker Playing Dogs [PAR] Poker Playing Dogs [PAR] Cassius Coolidge is the Artist who immortalised the Poker Playing Dogs in this world famous paintings. [PAR] Imagine a poker table lit by a single heavy-shaded light. Around the table sit 5 large dogs sipping bourbon, a couple smoke pipes, another a cigar. Chips and cards litter the table as the smiling winner gathers his winnings up in his paws. This is his Waterloo and this is the crazy canine world of Cassius Coolridge . [PAR] When Cassius Marcellus Coolidge discovered that he had a natural aptitude for cartooning in his early twenties, he created a series of images that went on to become American working-class classics with thousands of copies going on to be hung in pool rooms, bars, and dens all over the world. [PAR] \u2018Cash\u2019 to his poker playing friends and \u2018Rash\u2019 to his family, Coolidge started out painting shop signs and creating cartoons for his local newspaper. But as a young man of ambition, he soon hit upon a new slapstick, cartoon-style idea when he invented the Comic Foreground back in the mid-1800s. These life-size cut-outs \u2013 which we all know so well \u2013 led to millions of holidaymakers sticking their heads through life-size cartoon scenes at fairs and piers, just so that they could take home a funny photograph of themselves with the body of a chicken, ape, or bathing beauty. [PAR] It isn\u2019t clear just how much money Coolidge made from this inspired enterprise, but it did enhance his reputation as a humorous artist; and when he hit upon yet another idea he really was onto a winner. Coolidge\u2019s idea was to start to anthropomorphise dogs in his paintings and \u2013 despite friends thinking that he was barking up the wrong tree \u2013 news of his dog-depicting humour spread like wildfire. His tough-looking poker-playing dogs are the most famous, but he also painted dogs on train journeys, reading newspapers, testifying in court and even playing baseball. Coolidge\u2019s first customers were cigar companies that printed copies of the paintings for giveaways, but in 1903 Coolidge signed a contract with Brown & Bigelow to turn out hundreds of thousands of copies of his dog paintings for advertising posters , calendars, and prints. [PAR] Of course, the artistic community scorned his work even though the fantastic nature of his imagery and absurd juxtapositions predated Surrealism by nearly 50 years. In artistic terms Coolidge certainly had a good eye, his use of light is reminiscent of Rembrandt and the Dutch masters and he combines this with a contemporary social commentary that was way ahead of its time. In fact, if you study his work closely, some of the compositions in the series seem to be modelled on paintings of human card-players by Caravaggio , Georges de La Tour, and Paul C\u00e9zanne. But let\u2019s not make a dogs-dinner of it \u2013 they were admired and bought by the \u2018common-man\u2019 simply because they were fun. [PAR] Despite the dogmatic criticism, his work was so popular that prints sold like doggy hot-cakes and his poker playing dogs, which appear in 9 of the series of 16 paintings, have become much sought after. So sought after that when 2 of his best-known original paintings (Bold Bluff and Waterloo) were auctioned back in 2005 they went for an incredible $590,400 instead of the \u2013 not to be sniffed at \u2013 $80,000 they were expected to fetch \u2013 not bad for a picture of four dogs playing poker."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Darwin's \"On the Origin of Species\" - Legacy Charles Darwin's \"On the Origin of Species\" - Legacy [PAR] By Robert McNamara [PAR] Updated November 21, 2016. [PAR] Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species on November 24, 1859 and forever changed the way humans think about science. It's not an exaggeration to say that Darwin's landmark work became one of the most influential books in history. [PAR] Decades earlier, the British naturalist and scholar had spent five years sailing around the world aboard a research ship, H.M.S. Beagle . After returning to England, Darwin spent years in quiet study, examining plant and animal specimens. [PAR] The ideas he expressed in his classic book in 1859 did not occur to him as sudden bursts of inspiration, but were developed over a period of decades. [PAR] Research Led Darwin to Write [PAR] At the end of the Beagle voyage, Darwin arrived back in England on October 2, 1836. After greeting friends and family he distributed to scholarly colleagues a number of specimens he had collected during the expedition around the world. Consultations with an ornithologist confirmed that Darwin had discovered several species of birds, and the young naturalist became fascinated with the idea that some species seemed to have replaced other species. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile of Charles Darwin [PAR] As Darwin began to realize that species change, he wondered how that happened. [PAR] The summer after returning to England, in July 1837, Darwin began a new notebook and took to writing down his thoughts on transmutation, or the concept of one species transforming into another. For the next two years Darwin essentially argued with himself in his notebook, testing out ideas. [PAR] Malthus Inspired Charles Darwin [PAR] In October 1838 Darwin re-read Essay on the Principle of Population, an influential text by the British philosopher Thomas Malthus . The idea advanced by Malthus that society contains a struggle for existence struck a chord with Darwin. [PAR] Malthus had been writing about people struggling to survive in the economic competition of the emerging modern world. But it inspired Darwin to begin thinking of species of animals and their own struggles for survival. The idea of \"survival of the fittest\" began to take hold. [PAR] By the spring of 1840, Darwin had come up with the phrase \"natural selection,\" as he wrote it in the margin of a book on horse breeding he was reading at the time. [PAR] In the early 1840s, Darwin had essentially worked out his theory of natural selection, which holds that organisms best suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce and thus become dominant. [PAR] Darwin began writing an extended work on the subject, which he likened to a pencil sketch and which is now known to scholars as the Sketch. [PAR] The Delay in Publishing On the Origin of Species [PAR] It is conceivable that Darwin could have published his landmark book in the 1840s, yet he did not. Scholars have long speculated on the reasons for the delay, but it seems that it's simply because Darwin kept amassing information he could use to present a lengthy and well-reasoned argument. By the mid-1850s Darwin began working on a major work that would incorporate his research and insights. [PAR] Another biologist, Alfred Russel Wallace, was working in the same general field, and he and Darwin were aware of each other. In June 1858 Darwin opened a package sent to him by Wallace, and found a copy of a book Wallace had been writing. [PAR] Inspired in part by"
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    {
        "context": ""
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Herriot's private hell: The shocking truth about the ... James Herriot's private hell: The shocking truth about the man behind TV's most famous vet | Daily Mail Online [PAR] James Herriot's private hell: The shocking truth about the man behind TV's most famous vet [PAR] Jim Wight is talking about his father's 'little attacks of melancholy'. His quaint turn of phrase evokes a bygone era when expressions such as 'having a turn' or 'an attack of the vapours' might just as easily be used. [PAR] But the much harsher word 'depression' would, today, be applied to describe his condition. [PAR] Jim says of his father, Alf - who is better known to millions by his pen name and alter ego James Herriot - 'My dad had a wonderfully happy life, but it was one that included little periods of depression, or whatever you like to call it. [PAR] The real James Herriot: Author Alf Wight - who used a pen name - based the character on his own experiences as a country vet [PAR] 'He had the big one - a proper nervous breakdown - when I was in sixth form, but there were other little episodes, never lasting very long, throughout his life. [PAR] 'Once, when he was having one of these attacks, I asked what was wrong, and he said he didn't know. He couldn't describe it as anything other than \"overwhelming melancholy\".' [PAR] How poignant then, that the country vet who took to writing about his experiences was unable to explain parts of his own life. [PAR] To this day, James Herriot and the fictionalised accounts of his life - based almost entirely on Alf's, but tweaked to avoid libel claims - remain etched on the national psyche, to the point that his old stomping ground, the Yorkshire Dales, is still known as Herriot Country. [PAR] Fifteen years after his death, he is still much loved. Yet the man whose books, such as All Creatures Great And Small, brought joy to millions was plagued by depression and feelings of inadequacy - due largely to his relationship with his own parents. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Although from a modest background themselves, his parents never approved of Alf's choice of bride - Joan Danbury, a secretary - because they were socially ambitious for him. [PAR] His mother, Hannah, who had delusions of grandeur because her work as a dressmaker brought her into contact with another social scene, refused to come to the wedding; his father, James Alfred, stayed away in solidarity, and Alf was devastated. [PAR] It was after his own father's death - by which point Alf had a teenage family himself - that old wounds resurfaced and, in 1960, he suffered a nervous breakdown. Jim partly blames the family history. [PAR] 'Although they had no money, his parents had scrimped and saved to send him to private school. It was because of this that he had got into university, and been able to follow his vocation. Twenty years on, he was hit badly by the death of his father, and maybe some old worries came to the fore.' [PAR] Jim, 67, who followed in his father's footsteps, first as a vet and then as a writer, believes now that Alf was tortured by the thought that he wasn't doing a good job as a father. [PAR] Peter Davison (left) as Tristan Farnon and Christopher Timothy as James Herriot in All Creatures Great and Small which was based on the books of Herriot [PAR] 'It was linked in some"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Elvis Presley | Sun Record Company Elvis Presley | Sun Record Company [PAR] Official Website [PAR] Biography [PAR] Elvis Aaron Presley, in the humblest of circumstances, was born to Vernon and Gladys Presley in a two-room house in Tupelo, Mississippi on January 8, 1935. His twin brother, Jessie Garon, was stillborn, leaving Elvis to grow up as an only child. He and his parents moved to Memphis , Tennessee in 1948, and Elvis graduated from Humes High School there in 1953. [PAR] Elvis\u2019 musical influences were the pop and country music of the time, the gospel music he heard in church and at the all-night gospel sings he frequently attended, and the black R&B he absorbed on historic Beale Street as a Memphis teenager. In 1954, he began his singing career with the legendary Sun Records label in Memphis. In late 1955, his recording contract was sold to RCA Victor. By 1956, he was an international sensation. With a sound and style that uniquely combined his diverse musical influences and blurred and challenged the social and racial barriers of the time, he ushered in a whole new era of American music and popular culture. [PAR] He starred in 33 successful films, made history with his television appearances and specials, and knew great acclaim through his many, often record-breaking, live concert performances on tour and in Las Vegas. Globally, he has sold over one billion records, more than any other artist. His American sales have earned him gold, platinum or multi-platinum awards for 150 different albums and singles, far more than any other artist. Among his many awards and accolades were 14 Grammy nominations (3 wins) from the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, which he received at age 36, and his being named One of the Ten Outstanding Young Men of the Nation for 1970 by the United States Jaycees. Without any of the special privileges his celebrity status might have afforded him, he honorably served his country in the U.S. Army. [PAR] His talent, good looks, sensuality, charisma, and good humor endeared him to millions, as did the humility and human kindness he demonstrated throughout his life. Known the world over by his first name, he is regarded as one of the most important figures of twentieth century popular culture. Elvis died at his Memphis home, Graceland, on August 16, 1977. [PAR] June 3, 1953 [PAR] Elvis graduates from Humes High School. [PAR] 1953 [PAR] Elvis works at Parker Machinists Shop right after graduation. That summer he drops by The Memphis Recording Service, home of the Sun label and makes a demo acetate of \u201cMy Happiness\u201d and \u201cThat\u2019s When Your Heartaches Begin\u201d for a cost of about $4.00. (The studio came to be known as Sun Studio though never officially named that until the 1980s. For simplicity this text uses the name Sun Studio.) The studio owner isn\u2019t in, so his assistant, Marion Keisker handles the session. Elvis wants to see what his voice sounds like on a record and he has aspirations to become a professional singer. He takes the acetate home, and reportedly gives it to his mother as a much-belated extra birthday present. By the fall, he is working at Precision Tool Company, and soon changes jobs again, going to work for Crown Electric Company. At Crown, he does various jobs, including driving a delivery truck. He also goes to night school and studies to be an electrician. [PAR] January, 1954 [PAR] Elvis makes another demo acetate at Sun. Sam Phillips, the owner, is in this time and,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Montreux Jazz Festival - CDs and Vinyl at Discogs Montreux Jazz Festival - CDs and Vinyl at Discogs [PAR] Montreux Jazz Festival [PAR] Montreux Jazz Festival [PAR] Profile: [PAR] Established in 1967 by Claude Nobs , G\u00e9o Voumard and Ren\u00e9 Langel, the Montreux Jazz Festival is one of the better known music festivals in the world. It is held annually in early July in Montreux, Switzerland on the shores of Lake Geneva. It is the second largest annual music festival in the world after Canada's Montreal International Jazz Festival. [PAR] Originally a pure jazz festival, it opened up in the 1970's and today presents artists of nearly every music style. However, jazz remains an important part of the festival. Today's festival lasts about two weeks and attracts an audience of more than 200,000 people. [PAR] Parent Label:"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kudu (Tragelaphus Strepsiceros) - Animals - A-Z Animals ... Kudu (Tragelaphus Strepsiceros) - Animals - A-Z Animals - Animal Facts, Information, Pictures, Videos, Resources and Links [PAR] Listen [PAR] The kudu is a sub-species of antelope that is found inhabiting mixed shrub woodland, and savanna plains in eastern and southern Africa . The kudu relies heavily on close, dense thickets in which the kudu can escape to and hide when it feels threatened. [PAR] There are two species of kudu in Africa which are the Lesser kudu and the Greater kudu. Both kudu species are closely related and look very similar in appearance but there are a few distinctive ways that the lesser kudu and the greater kudu can be distinguished from one another. The lesser kudu has ten white stripes which run vertically down the lesser kudu's body where the greater kudu can have anyway between 4 and 12 stripes. The greater kudu is also generally bigger than the lesser kudu [PAR] Kudus are herbivorous animals and therefore have a completely vegetarian diet . Kudus forage in woodland and around thickets of shrubs nibbling on leaves from the trees and bushes. Kudus also eat other varieties of plant life such as herbs, flowers, berries and fallen fruits. [PAR] Kudus are prey to a number of predators such as lions , leopards , cheetahs , wild dogs and the occasional large python that will hunt the smaller and more vulnerable kudu young. Kudu are able to run very fast but often have a hard time outrunning predators so the kudu rely on their agile ability to leap into forest and woodland where large carnivorous predators find it harder to chase them. The kudu will then often hide in woodland until the predator have eventually given up and left. [PAR] Kudus live in small herds of up to 24 kudu individuals. The kudu herds mainly consist of female kudus and their calves as male kudus tend to solitary and only come together with other kudus when it is time to mate. It has been known that groups of up to 8 male kudus will form a herd but this is very rare. [PAR] The kudu mating season occurs at the end of the rainy season. The kudu gestation period is around 8 months after which time the female kudu will normally give birth to just one baby kudu. The baby kudus tend to be born around February and March when the grass is at it's highest and there is plenty of food to help the baby kudu calves to grow. [PAR] Kudus have both benefited and suffered from contact with humans . Humans find the kudu and easy target for hunting due to the fact that kudus tend to stop and look around after they have run away. Some local tribes people believe the kudu to be a sacred animal and therefore protect the kudu rather than killing it. Human settlements have also meant that the kudu habitat as changed and the kudu have had to move to other areas. This has actually done the kudu population the world of good as the kudu have been pushed into areas where there is a better source of water and therefore food. [PAR] Kudu Comments"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wheel of Fortune (2) - UKGameshows Wheel of Fortune (2) - UKGameshows [PAR] Wheel of Fortune (2) [PAR] Announcer: Steve Hamilton [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] Scottish in association with King World Productions, The Walt Disney Company and Action Time for ITV, 19 July 1988 to 31 December 1989 (27 episodes in 2 series + 5 specials) [PAR] Scottish in association with King World Productions and Buena Vista International for ITV, 4 June 1991 to 24 August 1992 (26 episodes in 2 series) [PAR] Scottish in association with King World Productions for ITV, 7 June 1993 to 21 December 2001 (10 series) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Everyone likes Hangman, right? Everyone likes spinning carnival wheels also, right? Some idiot genius came up with the idea of combining the two for this worryingly seminal word game. [PAR] A wall of lit boxes indicated the lengths of the words in the phrase that must be guessed, and a clue was given to what sort of phrase was to be guessed. Players took turns consisting of spinning the wheel to generate a random number of points, guessing a consonant that may have appeared in the puzzle and earning the spun sum of points for each appearance their chosen consonant made, until they spun \"Lose A Turn\", \"Bankrupt\" (which also lost them all their points for that round) or pick a letter which didn't appear, all turn-ending crimes. Vowels in the puzzle could also be revealed, but this cost the players points instead of generating them. [PAR] On their turn, players had the choice to also attempt to divine the nature of the phrase, a correct guess ending the round and winning a prize, chosen from three alternatives. Repeat four times (double points in the later two rounds, the last round eliminating all that tiring spinning to save time) and the top scorer got the chance to solve a puzzle with just the appearances of six chosen letters. As with most international versions of Wheel (and the American version until 1988), rather than being given \"R, S, T, L, N, and E,\" the contestant picked five consonants and a vowel. Getting this final puzzle right won the show's jackpot. [PAR] The brilliant piece of cunning behind this game is that it was in players' interests to keep spinning and accumulating points for as long as possible before guessing what the phrase was to win the round. In this way it looked like the players didn't know what the phrase actually was; viewers at home almost certainly would have got the answer before the contestants on-screen and could enjoy happy minutes and seconds shouting out at it. [PAR] Campbell's corner [PAR] Most people will associate the game most firmly with fellow Scot Nicky Campbell, whose easy-going gentle nature brought the show high ratings. The role of the letter-turner (which, incidentally, went to semi-automatic on the US show in 1997) has also earned some degree of celebrity (or should that be notoriety?) from their roles - in particular, former model Carol Smillie is now a mega-celeb thanks to the Wheel and the recently British appetite for DIY makeover shows. [PAR] Carol Smillie and Nicky Campbell [PAR] Brad's Box!? [PAR] When Campbell left to pursue other interests, mainly going back to his DJ roots, seaside-comedian-type Bradley Walsh was introduced to the show in 1997. A few innovations were added to the format, such as Brad's Box - a special on-the-spot prize (for landing on a certain square) which was in... er... a box. [PAR] Bradley Walsh and Jenny Powell [PAR] The Leslie generation [PAR] John Leslie became the"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
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        "context": ""
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ao dai - Vietnamese traditional dress - YouTube Ao dai - Vietnamese traditional dress - YouTube [PAR] Ao dai - Vietnamese traditional dress [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jul 8, 2009 [PAR] Simple, yet charming, graceful and elegant, \u00e1o d\u00e0i was designed to praise the slender beauty of Vietnamese women. The dress is a genius combination of ancient and modern. It shows every curve on the girl's body, creating sexiness for the wearer, yet it still preserves the traditional feminine grace of Vietnamese women with its charming flowing flaps. The simplicity of \u00e1o d\u00e0i makes it convenient and practical, something that other Asian traditional clothes lack. The waist-length slits of the flaps allow every movement of the legs: walking, running, riding a bicycle, climbing a tree, doing high kicks. The looseness of the pants allows comfortability. As a girl walks in \u00e1o d\u00e0i, the movements of the flaps make it seem like she's not walking but floating in the air. This breath-taking beautiful image of a Vietnamese girl walking in \u00e1o d\u00e0i has been an inspiration for generations of Vietnamese poets, novelists, artists and has left a deep impression for every foreigner who has visited the country. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Ao Dai: The Story of Vietnam\u2019s Traditional Dress - Buffalo ... Ao Dai: The Story of Vietnam\u2019s Traditional Dress - Buffalo Tours Travel Blog [PAR] Buffalo Tours Travel Blog [PAR] Ao Dai: The Story of Vietnam\u2019s Traditional Dress [PAR] Ao Dai: The Story of Vietnam\u2019s Traditional Dress [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] It\u2019s hard to go more than a few hours in Vietnam without seeing groups of women clad in flowing, silk costumes float by in a cloud of pastels and lace. As iconic as the country\u2019s national noodle soup dish and the conical hat, the ao dai is a staple of Vietnamese tradition that\u2019s retained a place in society for centuries. [PAR] The ao dai has a past that\u2019s not just its own \u2013 its story is interwoven with Vietnam\u2019s own national history. Since its emergence in its earliest forms during the 18th Century, the ao dai has transformed from an aristocratic gown to one of the most iconic symbols of Vietnamese culture and heritage. [PAR] Then and Now [PAR] The story of the ao dai began during the reign of Nguyen Phuc Khoat, a southern lord bent on retaining a separate identity from his northern rivals, the Trinh lords. In an effort to symbolize his people\u2019s distinction, he ordered that a two flap dress, inspired by the Cham people who originally inhabited the area, be worn at all times. Very plain and unflattering, the first iteration of the two flap Southern dress was a far cry from the chic modern silk dress. [PAR] When the Nguyen lords power eventually expanded to include northern regions after the defeat of the Trinh lords, the Cham inspired two-paneled dress came with it. The traditional northern-style four paneled dress transformed into a pairing if the southern Cham style and the original northern gown, becoming a five-panel dress popular throughout the country. [PAR] The transformation from traditional gown to everyday fashion came in the 1930s, when a group of French trained artists combined the design of the five flap dress popular at the time with a French fashion gown. With a"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dartboard Sequence - MathPages The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The Dartboard Sequence [PAR] The arrangement of the numbers around the circumference of a standard dart board is as shown below 20 1 18 4 13 6 10 15 2 17 3 19 7 16 8 11 14 9 12 5 Oddly enough, no one seems to know for sure how this particular arrangement was selected. It evidently dates back at least 100 years. Some say the pattern was devised by a carpenter named Brian Gamlin in 1896, while others attribute it to someone named Thomas William Buckle in 1913, but both of these attributions are relatively recent, and neither can be traced back to a contemporary source. Also, although it's clear that the numbers are ordered to mix the large and small together, and possibly to separate numerically close values as far as possible (e.g., 20 is far from 19), no one seems to know of any simple criterion that uniquely singles out this particular arrangement as the best possible in any quantitative sense. It may be just an accident of history that this particular arrangement has been adopted as the standard dart board format. It's interesting to consider various possible criteria for choosing a circular arrangement of the first n positive integers. In order to get as \"flat\" a distribution as possible, we might try to minimize the sum of the squares of each k consecutive terms. For example, setting k = 3, the standard dard board sequence gives (20+1+18)^2 + (1+18+4)^2 + (18+4+13)^2 + ... + (5+20+1)^2 = 20478 Apparently the standard board layout described above is called the \"London\" dart board, and there is another, less common, version called the \"Manchester\" dart board, which has the sequence 20 1 16 6 17 8 12 9 14 5 19 2 15 3 18 7 11 10 13 4 for which the sum of squares of each set of three consecutive numbers is 20454, just slightly less than the London arrangement. In contrast, if we were to arrange the numbers by just inter-weaving the largest and smallest numbers like this 20 1 19 2 18 3 17 4 16 5 15 6 14 7 13 8 12 9 11 10 the resulting sum of squares of each 3 consecutive elements is 20510, so the standard dart boards are, in this sense, more flat distributions. Needless to say, all of these arrangements are much more flat than the natural monotonic sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 which has a sum of 24350. By the way, note that if the sum of the squares of every sum of three consecutive numbers for a given arrangement is S, then we can form another arrangement with the same sum simply by taking the \"21-complement\", i.e., subtracting each number from 21. For example, the complement of the standard London arrangement is 1 20 3 17 8 15 11 6 19 4 18 2 14 5 13 10 7 12 9 16 which has the same sum (20478) as the London arrangement. This works because if we begin with an arrangement a,b,c,d,... having the sum S = (a+b+c)^2 + (b+c+d)^2 + (c+d+e)^2 + ... and replace each of the numbers a,b,c,... with 21-a, 21-b, 21-c,... respectively, the sum S' of this complementary arrangement is S' = [(21-a)+(21-b)+(21-c)]^2 + [(21-b)+(21-c)+(21-d)]^2 + ... = [63-(a+b+c)]^2 + [63-(b+c+d)]^2 + ... = S + 20(63)^2 - 2(63)[(a+b+c)+(b+c+d)+...] Each of the numbers from 1 to 20 appears three times in the summation inside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sleeping with the Enemy (1991) - IMDb Sleeping with the Enemy (1991) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Sleeping with the Enemy ( 1991 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] A young woman fakes her own death in an attempt to escape her nightmarish marriage, but discovers it is impossible to elude her controlling husband. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 23 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 17 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: Sleeping with the Enemy (1991) [PAR] 6.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] After she discovers that her boyfriend has betrayed her, Hilary O'Neil is looking for a new start and a new job. She begins to work as a private nurse for a young man suffering from blood ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] A terminally ill woman has to settle on her former husband's new lover, who will be their children's stepmother. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] An unemployed single mother becomes a legal assistant and almost single-handedly brings down a California power company accused of polluting a city's water supply. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] A young beautician, newly arrived in a small Louisiana town, finds work at the local salon, where a small group of women share a close bond of friendship and welcome her into the fold. [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] A law student uncovers a conspiracy, putting herself and others in danger. [PAR] Director: Alan J. Pakula [PAR] After her humiliated husband kills himself, an embittered pregnant widow loses her child, and embarks on a mission of vengeance against a woman and her family. [PAR] Director: Curtis Hanson [PAR] A reporter is assigned to write a story about a woman who has left a string of fiances at the altar. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] When a woman's long-time friend reveals he's engaged, she realizes she loves him herself and sets out to get him, with only days before the wedding. [PAR] Director: P.J. Hogan [PAR] A free-thinking art professor teaches conservative 1950s Wellesley girls to question their traditional social roles. [PAR] Director: Mike Newell [PAR] A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful prostitute he meets... only to fall in love. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] A woman's world is rocked when she discovers her husband is cheating on her. [PAR] Director: Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m [PAR] A woman advertising for a new roommate finds that something very strange is going on with the tenant"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pyrenees | mountain range, Europe | Britannica.com Pyrenees | mountain range, Europe | Britannica.com [PAR] mountain range, Europe [PAR] Alternative Titles: Pireneus, Pirineos, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] list of cities and towns in France [PAR] Pyrenees, Spanish Pirineos, French Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Catalan Pireneus, mountain chain of southwestern Europe that consists of flat-topped massifs and folded linear ranges. It stretches from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Bay of Biscay on the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The Pyrenees form a high wall between France and Spain that has played a significant role in the history of both countries and of Europe as a whole. The range is some 270 miles (430 kilometres) long; it is barely six miles wide at its eastern end, but at its centre it reaches some 80 miles in width. At its western end it blends imperceptibly into the Cantabrian Mountains along the northern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Except in a few places, where Spanish territory juts northward or French southward, the crest of the chain marks the boundary between the two countries, though the tiny autonomous principality of Andorra lies among its peaks. The highest point is Aneto Peak , at 11,169 feet (3,404 metres), in the Maladeta (Spanish: \u201cAccursed\u201d) massif of the Central Pyrenees. [PAR] Aneto Peak in the Pyrenees. [PAR] Avh [PAR] The Pyrenees long have been a formidable land barrier between Spain and Portugal on the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe; as a consequence, these two countries traditionally have developed stronger associations with Africa than with the rest of Europe, and they have become tied to the sea. From Carlit Peak (9,584 feet) near the eastern limit of the Pyrenees to the peaks of Orhy and Anie , a succession of mountains rise nearly 9,800 feet; at only a few places, all well to the west, can the chain be crossed through passes lower than 6,500 feet. In both the lower eastern and northwestern sectors, rivers dissect the landscape into numerous small basins. The range is flanked on both sides by broad depressions\u2014the Aquitaine and Languedoc to the north and the Ebro to the south\u2014both receiving waters from the major rivers flowing out of the mountains, the Garonne of France and the major tributaries of the Ebro of Spain. [PAR] Physical features [PAR] World War II [PAR] Forms of life in the Pyrenees have some remarkable characteristics that cannot be explained merely by the influences of climate and soil. The historical vicissitudes of the chain and its isolation at the southwestern limit of the main European peninsula, far from the centres of dispersion and variation of the various species (including humans), have influenced the structure and character of its population. [PAR] In the northwest\u2013southeast direction, the vegetation shows a marked and gradually decreasing oceanic influence; the contrary is the case with the Mediterranean influence from southeast to northwest. The exposure of the mountain surfaces and the conditions of local climate caused by mountain relief create special localized enclaves of all kinds. The most characteristic feature of the oceanic influence is the predominance of broad-leaved deciduous trees in the forests of the lower levels and the medium-height mountains, while the Mediterranean influence, represented by evergreen broad-leaved trees, not only is dominant in hot surroundings but also bears drought conditions better. [PAR] The variety of altitudinal vegetation shows itself in levels. From the medium-height mountain upward, the broad-leaved woods at about 5,200 feet are replaced by needled conifers that require less water. The subalpine level, sometimes as low as 6,500 feet but usually above"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Convert teaspoons U.K. tsp - teasp into tablespoons U.K ... Convert teaspoons U.K. tsp - teasp into tablespoons U.K. tbsp Imperial volume and capacity for culinary practise [PAR] Amount: 1 teaspoon U.K. (tsp - teasp) in volume [PAR] Equals: 0.33 tablespoons U.K. (tbsp Imperial) [PAR] volume and capacity from teaspoon U.K. to tablespoon U.K. Conversion Results: [PAR] Enter a New teaspoon U.K. Amount of volume and capacity to Convert From [PAR] * Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8) [PAR] * Precision is how many numbers after decimal point (1 - 9) [PAR] Enter Your Amount : [PAR] Decimal Precision : [PAR] Calculate tablespoons U.K. in volume and capacity per 1 teaspoon U.K. unit. The volume and capacity kitchen measuring units converter for culinary chefs, bakers and other professionals. [PAR] CONVERT : between other volume and capacity measuring units - complete list. [PAR] Conversion calculator for webmasters . [PAR] Main page for volume and capacity units conversions. [PAR] Convert volume and capacity culinary measuring units between teaspoon U.K. (tsp - teasp) and tablespoons U.K. (tbsp Imperial) but in the other direction from tablespoons U.K. into teaspoons U.K. also as per volume and capacity units. [PAR] Culinary arts school: volume and capacity units converter [PAR] This online culinary volume and capacity measures converter, from tsp - teasp into tbsp Imperial units, is a handy tool not only for experienced certified professionals in food businesses and skilled chefs in state of the industry's kitchens model. [PAR] Other applications of this volume and capacity units converter are ... [PAR] With the above mentioned units converting service it provides, this volume and capacity units converter also proved to be useful as a teaching tool and for practising teaspoons U.K. and tablespoons U.K. ( tsp - teasp vs. tbsp Imperial ) conversion exercises by new culinarians and students (in classrooms or at home based kitchens) who have been learning this particular cooking mastery art in culinary colleges, in schools of culinary arts and all other kinds of culinary training for converting the volume and capacity cooking units measures. [PAR] Unit symbols used by international culinary educational institutions and training for these two volume and capacity unit measurements are: [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for teaspoon U.K. is: tsp - teasp [PAR] Prefix or abbreviation ( abbr. short brevis ) unit symbol for tablespoon U.K. is: tbsp Imperial [PAR] One teaspoon U.K. in volume and capacity sense converted to tablespoons U.K. equals precisely to 0.33 tbsp Imperial [PAR] How many tablespoons U.K. of volume and capacity system are in 1 teaspoon U.K.? The answer is: The change of 1 tsp - teasp ( teaspoon U.K. ) unit for a volume and capacity measure equals = into 0.33 tbsp Imperial ( tablespoon U.K. ) as per its equivalent volume and capacity unit type measure often used. [PAR] Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking an accurate volume and capacity unit measure can be totally crucial. If there is an exact measure in tsp - teasp - teaspoons U.K. used in volume and capacity units, it's the rule in culinary career, that the teaspoon U.K. number gets converted into tbsp Imperial - tablespoons U.K. for the volume and capacity absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly, using either teaspoons U.K. unit or tablespoons U.K. unit measures. [PAR] Oven info & galleries"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde (1925) - IMDb Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde (1925) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde ( 1925 ) [PAR] 21min [PAR] In Victorian London the esteemed Dr. Pyckle uses himself as a guinea pig when he experiments with a new drug that changes him into a compulsive prankster. [PAR] Directors: [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 09 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 294 titles [PAR] created 07 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 59 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 286 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 01 Oct 2015 [PAR] Title: Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde (1925) [PAR] 6.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Add Image Add an image [PAR] Do you have any images for this title? [PAR] Dr. Henry Jekyll experiments with scientific means of revealing the hidden, dark side of man and releases a murderer from within himself. [PAR] Director: John S. Robertson [PAR] Charles Chaplin, a convict, is given $5.00 and released from prison after having served his term. He meets a man of the church who makes him weep for his sins and while he is weeping takes ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Charles Chaplin [PAR] A traveller arrives at the Usher mansion to find that the sibling inhabitants, Roderick and Madeline Usher, are living under a mysterious family curse: Roderick's senses have become ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Directors: James Sibley Watson, Melville Webber [PAR] Stars: Herbert Stern, Hildegarde Watson, Melville Webber [PAR] After numerous failed attempts to commit suicide, our hero (Lloyd) runs into a lawyer who is looking for a stooge to stand in as a groom in order to secure an inheritance for his client (... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Directors: Alfred J. Goulding, Hal Roach [PAR] Stars: Harold Lloyd, Mildred Davis, Wallace Howe [PAR] The first film adaptation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's classic novel about a land where prehistoric creatures still roam. [PAR] Director: Harry O. Hoyt [PAR] The abandoned home of a wealthy man who supposedly committed suicide five years earlier is taken over by ghoulish figures - could they be vampires? [PAR] Director: Tod Browning [PAR] An evil scientist and his hunchbacked assistant escape from prison and encounter Dracula, the Wolf Man and Frankenstein's Monster. [PAR] Director: Erle C. Kenton [PAR] A New England home is terrorized by a series of murders, unbeknownst to the guests that a gruesome secret is hiding in the basement. [PAR] Director: Lucio Fulci [PAR] The demon Mephisto wagers with God that he can corrupt a mortal man's soul. [PAR] Director: F.W. Murnau [PAR] Lester and Orville accidentally launch a rocket which is supposed to fly to Mars. Instead it goes to New Orleans for Mardi Gras. They are then forced by bank robber Mugsy and his pal Harry ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Charles Lamont [PAR] Directors: Rupert Julian, Lon Chaney, and 2 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Lon Chaney, Mary Philbin, Norman Kerry [PAR] The owner of a Waxmuseum needs for three of his models stories to be told"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Romano - Cheese.com Romano - Cheese.com [PAR] Find over 1750 specialty cheeses from 74 countries in the world's greatest cheese resource [PAR] Creative Commons / Brian Boucheron [PAR] Romano [PAR] Romano is a hard cheese of Italian origin prepared predominantly with cow's milk or sheep's milk or goat's milk or mixtures of two or all of these. Made since the 1st century B.C., there are several types of Romano cheese. Determined by the type of milk used, name of Romano cheeses may be preceded by the word Vaccino (cow\u2019s milk), Pecorino (sheep\u2019s milk) or Caprino (goat\u2019s milk). The most famous example of Romano cheese is Pecorino Romano , an exclusive Italian cheese with DOP designation from the Italian government. [PAR] One of the most popular Italian cheeses, Romano cheese is made from pasteurised or unpasteurised milk using animal, plant, or microbial rennet. It has a grainy texture, a hard and brittle rind and grates easily. The curing of Romano takes not less than 5 months and longer if it is planned for grating. [PAR] Every Romano cheese has its own peculiarities and shows different shades in texture, flavour and cooking uses. While Pecorino Romano, made from sheep\u2019s milk, is sharp and quite tangy the second type of Romano cheese, Caprino Romano made from goat\u2019s milk has an extremely sharp taste. The third variety made from cow\u2019s milk, Vacchino Romano, is very mild in flavour. [PAR] Romano cheese works excellent as a table cheese. It can be grated over pasta, soups and salad or shaved onto cooked dishes and cream sauces. Hard cheeses like Romano best pair with fruity wines like Riesling and Prosecco.[DOC] [TLE] Romano Cheese Glossary | Recipes with Romano Cheese ... Romano Cheese Glossary | Recipes with Romano Cheese | Tarladalal.com [PAR] Romano Cheese Glossary | Recipes with Romano Cheese | Tarladalal.com [PAR] Viewed 5903 times [PAR] \u0a97\u0ac1\u0a9c\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab5\u0abe\u0a82\u0a9a\u0acb [PAR] Description [PAR] This hard, salty, sharp cheese has its name derived from the city of Rome and is available in different styles. What makes each style different from the other is its source of creation. For example, the original romano is called pecorino romano and is made from sheep's milk, caprino romano is made from goat's milk and the mass produced versions created in the US are called vacchino romano and are made from cow's milk. Pecorino is sharp and tangy, caprino on the other hand has an extremely sharp taste, while vacchino is mild in flavour. Normally these cheese age for 5 months before being made ready for consumption. They generally have a fat content of 27% and a water content of 32%. [PAR] Chopped romano cheese [PAR] Place the cheese slab on a chopping board and chop it into small pieces. Can be finely chopped or roughly chopped or chopped into big chunks as per the recipe requirement. [PAR] Grated romano cheese [PAR] This requires grating the cheese slabs on a hand held grater. This grated cheese is fine in texture and is used for making baked dishes like au gratin or casseroles. [PAR] Romano cheese cubes [PAR] Turn the block of cheese on its side and make a series of slices. Lay the cheese slices on top of each other and make a series of lengthwise slices, (\u00bd inch slices for smaller cubes, 1 inch slices for larger cubes). Make a series of \u00bd inch or 1 inch crosswise cuts through the cheese and it will fall away into cubes. [PAR] Romano cheese strips [PAR] Cut the cheese block into thin or thick strips as per the recipe requirement. [PAR] Shredded romano"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Buy CD - Kooks : Konk Buy CD - Kooks : Konk [PAR] pl:Konk [PAR] fi:Konk [PAR] This text has been derived from Konk (album) on Wikipedia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 [PAR] Artist/Band Information [PAR] The Kooks are an English indie pop band formed in Brighton, East Sussex, in 2004. Formed by Luke Pritchard (vocals/guitar), Hugh Harris (lead guitar), Paul Garred (drums), and Max Rafferty (bass guitar), the lineup of the band remained constant until 2008 and the departure of Rafferty. Dan Logan was drafted in as a temporary replacement, until Peter Denton joined the band on a permanent basis in October 2008. Early in 2010 Pritchard announced the departure of drummer Paul Garred, due to a nerve problem in his arm. [PAR] A self-described \"pop\" band, their music is primarily influenced by the 1960s British Invasion movement and post-punk revival of the new millennium. With songs described as \"catchy as hell\", The Kooks have experimented in several genres including rock, Britpop, pop, reggae, and ska, at times being described as \"a less severe Arctic Monkeys\". [PAR] Signed to Virgin Records just three months after forming, The Kooks broke into the musical mainstream with their debut album Inside In/Inside Out (2006). The album was ultimately successful, achieving quadruple platinum status in the UK within a year and also overseas in the form of a platinum certification in Australia and two times platinum in Ireland. The Kooks found themselves entering into mainstream media attention, with the band winning the award for Best UK & Ireland Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2006 and picking up a nomination at The Brit Awards for the single \"She Moves in Her Own Way. With their follow up Konk (2008) debuting at number one on the UK Albums Chart it recorded first week sales of 65,000, achieving gold status in both the UK and Ireland. The Kooks are currently working on their third studio album. [PAR] History [PAR] Formation and early years (2004\u00e2\u0080\u00932005) [PAR] The original members of The Kooks all met as students at the Brighton Institute of Modern Music in 2003. The inspiration to form a band came to Pritchard as he and Garred were out shopping for clothes one day. Speaking to MTV Garred said, \"we had this vision on how we wanted the band to look and stuff\u00e2\u0080\u0094so we bought some clothes and these hats.\" Sharing a love of The Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, The Police, and David Bowie Pritchard got Harris and Rafferty involved under the guise of a school music project. Pritchard himself said \"We got together just on a whim, really.\" With no demo of their material Garred and Pritchard went in search of a gig, and according to Garred, they were able to book their first show simply because the manager liked their hats. \"So we went in to get a gig, we don't have a demo, and this guy told us, 'Well, you can't get a gig if you don't have a demo, but I like your hats, so I'm going to give you a gig'\", said Garred. However, the band was unable to make the performance as they were making their demo at the time. [PAR] Taking their name from the David Bowie song \"Kooks\", they began rehearsing; Pritchard revealed the first song they ever played as a group was a cover version of The Strokes' song \"Reptilia\". The Kooks recorded an EP demo, sending it out in search of gigs, they instead received offers from managers and record companies. The band had only been together"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The tallest mountains in Southeast Asia, by country ... The tallest mountains in Southeast Asia, by country - Pinoy Mountaineer [PAR] The tallest mountains in Southeast Asia, by country [PAR] Gideon Lasco 3 Comments asean , lists , southeast asia [PAR] How does the Philippines rank among its neighboring countries in terms of its highest point? Our Mt. Apo is modest in comparison to some of the tall peaks of Indonesia, but Apo is higher than all mountains in Indochina except Fansipan; it is also higher than all mountains in Malaysia except Kinabalu. Indonesia has so many 3000+ MASL peaks, and I\u2019ve had the privilege of climbing three of them: Gunung Agung, Gunung Lawu, and Gunung Merapi. [PAR] The highest mountain in Southeast Asia is the little-known Hkakabo Razi (silent h). It is part of the Himalayan Range, indicating how far it is from the Southeast Asia that we usually identify with (i.e. Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand). It is already in the border with India and China, and the first ascent was in 1996, by Takashi Ozaki (Japan) and Nyima Gyaltsen (Myanmar). I don\u2019t think it is accessible at the moment! [PAR] Yet, take note that in comparing mountains, it is too simplistic to use altitude as a sole parameter. Biodiversity, variety in geologic features, and difficulty of the climb itself is also an important factor. Thailand\u2019s Doi Inthanon takes less than a minute to climb from the road; perhaps only the barely-explored Hkakabo Razi in Myanmar is more difficult than our Mt. Apo. [PAR] Mt. Kinabalu IS NOT the highest mountain in Southeast Asia but because Hkakabo Razi is almost Himalayas, it does . Mt. Kinabalu deserves credit as the highest island peak, i.e. the highest mountain in archipelagic Southeast Asia. Puncak Jaya, although part of Southeast Asia politically, is not part of it geographically. Rather, it belongs to Australia-Oceania, and in fact it represent that continent in the Seven Summits of the World. [PAR] It will be interesting to aim to climb the highest mountain in every ASAEN country! [PAR] HIGHEST MOUNTAINS IN EACH SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATION [PAR] Hkakabo Razi (5,881 m)[DOC] [TLE] MounT Apo in Mindanao is The highesT poinT in The counTry ... MounT Apo in Mindanao is The highesT poinT in The counTry - BSBA - 101 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] mounTainous. MounT Apo in Mindanao is The highesT poinT in The counTry which is 2,954 meTers above sea level. \u00b1he second highesT poinT is MounT Pulag in Luzon. EstmaTes oF The ToTal lengTh oF The coasTline range From 17,500 kilomeTers (o\u00b3cial Philippine fgure) To 36,289 kilomeTers (U.S. fgure). ExTending 1,850 km (1,150 mi) From norTh To souTh and almosT 1,127 km (700 mi) easT To wesT, The Philippine Island group is oF volcanic origin and generally mounTainous. Running parallel To The coasTs, as well as bordering Them in many places, The mounTain ranges exTend norTh To souTh. \u00b1here are abouT 20 actve volcanoes on The islands, and earThquakes are Fairly common. \u00b1he Philippines is broken up by The sea, which gives iT one oF The longesT coasTlines oF any naton in The world. [PAR] This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Of the coast oF eastern Mindanao is the Philippine Trench, which descends to a depth oF 10,430 meters (34,220 \u00b1). The Philippines is part oF a western Paci\u00b2c arc system characterized by ac\u00b3ve volcanoes. Among the most notable peaks are Mount Mayon near Legazpi City, Taal Volcano south oF Manila, and Mount Apo in Mindanao. All oF the Philippine"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lowood in Jane Eyre - Term Papers - 594 Words - StudyMode Lowood in Jane Eyre Essay - 594 Words [PAR] LOWOOD [PAR] Elain showalter said: [PAR] \u2018The lowood school where Jane is sent by her aunt is the penitentiary for which the red room was the tribunal. Lowood represents sexual diminishment and sensual discipline thee he girls are systematically starved and deprived of all sensory gratification [PAR] In 1824 both Charlotte & Emily attended the clergy daughter\u2019s school at Cowan Bridge for 10 months. The recollection of childhood at this school forms the model of lowood institution which Jane attended for eight years in the novel Jane Eyre. [PAR] Jane is sent away by Mrs. Reed to lowood institution a boarding school for orphaned girls where the next battle of education us containment would occur. At lowood which was surrounded with walls so high as to exclude every glimpse of prospect\u2019 Jane receives a scholastic education but is very much contained by strict discipline and lifestyle as well as harshness of Mrs. Scatchrd and the proprietor Mr. Brockelhurst. [PAR] Here she meets Helens burns another how in Jane\u2019s story Helen burns name signifies that she is burning with a passion for heaven and her fate is to die of a fever Burns is based on Charlotte Bronte \u2018s oldest sister Maria who died when she was twelve year old after contracting consumption at the clergy Daughters school. Like Helens Maria was known for the precocity of her thinking Mr. Bronte said that he could converse with Maria on any of the leading topics of the day with as much freedom and pleasure as with any grown up person [PAR] Like Jane Helen is a poor lonely child but her method of dealing with her problems contrasts to that of Jane. Jane is fascinated by Helen\u2019s self possession which signals a depth of character that is new to her. The significant differences between them become apparent. While Jane is always read for fight against her enemies, Helens practices a doctrine of patient endurance . Although Helens accepts all punishment without a tear, the \u2018spectacle\u2019 of her friends suffering causes Jane to quiver with... [PAR] jane eyre as a bildungsroman Essay [PAR] ... Bronte\u2019s Bildungsroman: Jane Eyre From a seed to a flower, Spreading itself like a weed Through the world. From a chick-let to a hawk, Spreading it\u2019s wings and soaring high Through the heavens. A rose unfolding its petals, Showing its beauty to the world. A sponge soaking up water, Like a mind with the knowledge Of the world. I am here And I am ready to take on the world. Such are the aspirations of Charlotte Bronte\u2019s... [PAR] 7425 Words | 21 Pages [PAR] Jane Eyre Essay [PAR] ...Reason vs. Passion in Jane Eyre Reason and passion are two emotions that are shown by most of the characters in Jane Eyre. Some people\u00b4s behaviour is governed by rationality and they think carefully about all what they do. The opposite happens with impulsive people who follow their feelings, prevailing passion to reason. Passionate people do not think before performing their actions, because of that they are considered more authentic... [PAR] 1426 Words | 4 Pages [PAR] Essay on Jane Eyre [PAR] ...Teacher Support Programme Jane Eyre While reading Chapters 1\u20135 1 What happened first? Put the sentences in order and number them, 1\u201310. a c Jane faints and wakes up in her bed. b c John Reed throws a book at Jane. c c Mrs Reed tells Mr Brocklehurst that Jane is a bad child. d c"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Utah: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag, Tree ... Utah: Map, History, Population, Facts, Capitol, Flag, Tree, Geography, Symbols [PAR] Map of Utah [PAR] The region was first explored for Spain by Franciscan friars Escalante and Dominguez in 1776. In 1824 the famous American frontiersman Jim Bridger discovered the Great Salt Lake . [PAR] Fleeing religious persecution in the East and Midwest, the Mormons arrived in 1847 and began to build Salt Lake City . The U.S. acquired the Utah region in the treaty ending the Mexican War in 1848, and the first transcontinental railroad was completed with the driving of a golden spike at Promontory Summit in 1869. [PAR] Mormon difficulties with the federal government about polygamy did not end until the Mormon Church renounced the practice in 1890, six years before Utah became a state. [PAR] Rich in natural resources, Utah has long been a leading producer of copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, potassium salts, and molybdenum. Oil and natural gas have also become major products. Utah is the only state that produces gilsonite, a pure form of asphalt used in dark colored printing inks and paints, oil well drilling muds and cements, asphalt modifiers, foundry sands additives, and a wide variety of chemical products. [PAR] The state's top agricultural commodities include cattle and calves, dairy products, hay, greenhouse and nursery products, and hogs. [PAR] Utah's traditional industries of agriculture and mining are complemented by increased tourism and growing aerospace, biomedical, and computer-related businesses. [PAR] Utah is a great vacationland with 11,000 mi of fishing streams and 147,000 acres of lakes and reservoirs. Among the many tourist attractions are Arches , Bryce Canyon , Canyonlands , Capitol Reef, and Zion National Parks ; Cedar Breaks, Dinosaur, Hovenweep, Natural Bridges , Rainbow Bridge, Timpanogos Cave, and Grand Staircase (Escalante) National Monuments; the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City; and Monument Valley . Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics . [PAR] Utah is also host to the internationally known Sundance Film Festival. Held every January, Sundance is one of the largest independent film festivals in the United States. In 2012, there were 46,731 attendees. In 2013, a record 12,146 films were submitted and the festival had 1,803 volunteers. [PAR] See more on Utah:[DOC] [TLE] Scheduling | Utah State Capitol Scheduling | Utah State Capitol [PAR] Utah State Capitol [PAR] (Back to top) [PAR] Rotunda [PAR] The Rotunda is a beautiful and spacious venue that gives class and elegance to large gatherings and celebrations. It is a room full of history and symbolism. The Capitol dedication in 1916 and rededication in 2008 was held in this space and almost all of Utah\u2019s past governors have walked its floor. [PAR] Location: Capitol Second Floor [PAR] Price: Weekdays $2,000; Friday \u2013 Sunday $2,300 [PAR] Special event insurance required for use [PAR] Rotunda setup diagram must be submitted no later than 2 weeks before event, or additional fees will be charged. [PAR] Hall of Governors [PAR] The first floor of the Capitol, directly under the Rotunda, features elegant portraits of Utah\u2019s former governors. Under the glow of the glass Rotunda floor and highlighted by historic Edison light bulbs, this large open area provides a unique setting for a variety of gatherings. [PAR] Location: Capitol First Floor [PAR] Price: $1,300 [PAR] Special event insurance required for use [PAR] Hall of Governors setup diagram must be submitted no later than 2 weeks before event, or additional fees will be charged. [PAR] Centennial Conference Room (Previously the Multipurpose Room) [PAR] The Capitol\u2019s Centennial Conference Room is located just inside the north entrance of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many of each letter are there in Scrabble? | Reference.com How many of each letter are there in Scrabble? | Reference.com [PAR] How many of each letter are there in Scrabble? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In Scrabble, J, K, Q, X and Z have one tile each; there are two B, C, F, H, M, P, V, W and Y tiles; there are three G tiles, four D, L, S and U tiles, six N, R and T tiles, eight O tiles, nine A and I tiles and 12 E tiles. There are 100 tiles total. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In Scrabble, players earn points by making words. Each letter is worth a specific number of points, and there are special squares on the board that increase the value of letters or words that are placed on those squares. The most common letters are worth the least amount of points. [PAR] For example, all of the letters that have four or more tiles in the game are worth only one point. The letter D is the only exception to this rule, and D is worth two points. The rarest letters in the game are J, K, Q, X and Z, and these letters are worth 8, 5, 10, 8 and 10 points respectively. [PAR] If a Scrabble player has all of a word except a letter or two, he can use this list of tiles to figure out whether or not his desired tile might be in the bag. For instance, if the player needs an M, and there are already two on the board, that means that there are no M tiles in the bag.[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble Tile Distribution and Point Values - Board Games Scrabble Tile Distribution and Point Values [PAR] By Erik Arneson [PAR] Updated September 29, 2016. [PAR] One of the first things that beginner Scrabble players should learn is the game's tile distribution. It's vital to know that, for example, only one J, K, Q, X and Z are in the bag -- and that they provide the best opportunities for high scores. [PAR] Scrabble Tiles Listed by Point Values [PAR] 0 points: blank/wild (2) [PAR] 1 point: E (12), A (9), I (9), O (8), N (6), R (6), T (6), L (4), S (4), U (4) [PAR] 2 points: D (4), G (3) [PAR] 3 points: B (2), C (2), M (2), P (2) [PAR] 4 points: F (2), H (2), V (2), W (2), Y (2) [PAR] 5 points: K (1) [PAR] 8 points: J (1), X (1) [PAR] 10 points: Q (1), Z (1) [PAR] Scrabble Tiles Listed Alphabetically [PAR] Blank/Wild: 2 tiles, 0 points [PAR] A: 9 tiles, 1 point [PAR] B: 2 tiles, 3 points [PAR] C: 2 tiles, 3 points [PAR] D: 4 tiles, 2 points [PAR] E: 12 tiles, 1 point [PAR] F: 2 tiles, 4 points [PAR] G: 3 tiles, 2 points [PAR] H: 2 tiles, 4 points [PAR] I: 9 tiles, 1 point [PAR] J: 1 tile, 8 points [PAR] K: 1 tile, 5 points [PAR] L: 4 tiles, 1 point [PAR] M: 2 tiles, 3 points [PAR] N: 6 tiles, 1 point [PAR] O: 8 tiles, 1 point [PAR] P: 2 tiles, 3 points [PAR] Q: 1 tile, 10 points [PAR] R: 6 tiles, 1 point [PAR] S: 4 tiles, 1 point [PAR] T: 6 tiles, 1 point [PAR] U: 4 tiles, 1 point [PAR] V: 2 tiles, 4 points [PAR] W: 2 tiles, 4 points [PAR] X: 1 tile, 8 points [PAR] Y: 2 tiles, 4 points [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Alamo (1960) - IMDb The Alamo (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A small band of soldiers sacrifice their lives in hopeless combat against a massive army in order to prevent a tyrant from smashing the new Republic of Texas. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 04 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 21 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 27 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] Search for \" The Alamo \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 6 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Texas Ranger Jake Cutter arrests gambler Paul Regret, but soon finds himself teamed with his prisoner in an undercover effort to defeat a band of renegade arms merchants and thieves known as Comancheros. [PAR] Directors: Michael Curtiz, John Wayne [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, Stuart Whitman, Ina Balin [PAR] A Union Cavalry outfit is sent behind Confederate lines in strength to destroy a rail/supply center. Along with them is sent a doctor who causes instant antipathy between him and the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A dramatization of the World War II Battle of Iwo Jima. [PAR] Director: Allan Dwan [PAR] During the Alaska gold rush, prospector George sends partner Sam to Seattle to bring his fianc\u00e9e but when it turns out that she married another man, Sam returns with a pretty substitute, the hostess of the Henhouse dance hall. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.6/10 X [PAR] Col. Mike Kirby picks two teams of crack Green Berets for a mission in South Vietnam. First off is to build and control a camp that is trying to be taken by the enemy the second mission is to kidnap a North Vietnamese General. [PAR] Directors: Ray Kellogg, John Wayne, and 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: John Wayne, David Janssen, Jim Hutton [PAR] Ranch owner Katie Elder's four sons determine to avenge the murder of their father and the swindling of their mother. [PAR] Director: Henry Hathaway [PAR] After the Civil War, Cord McNally searches for the traitor whose perfidy caused the defeat of McNally's unit and the loss of a close friend. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] Based on the 1836 standoff between a group of Texan and Tejano men, led by Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, and Mexican dictator Santa Anna's forces at the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas. [PAR] Director: John Lee Hancock [PAR] Cattle baron John Chisum joins forces with Billy the Kid and Pat Garrett to fight the Lincoln County land war. [PAR] Director: Andrew V. McLaglen [PAR] Wealthy rancher G.W. McLintock uses his power and influence in the territory to keep the peace between farmers, ranchers, land-grabbers, Indians and corrupt government officials. [PAR] Director: Andrew V. McLaglen [PAR] J.D. Cahill is the toughest U.S. Marshal they've got, just the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Party Paramountcy and Dr. Rodney King | The St. Lucia STAR Party Paramountcy and Dr. Rodney King - The St. Lucia STARThe St. Lucia STAR [PAR] Party Paramountcy and Dr. Rodney King [PAR] Written by Wayne Kublasigh | August 6, 2016 [PAR] \u2190 Go Back | bbApp | Local | pulse [PAR] On February 8 this year the Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Circumstances Surrounding the Death of the Late Dr Walter Rodney was submitted to the President of Guyana, David Granger. The commissioners\u2014Sir Richard Cheltenham, QC; Mr Seenath Jairam, SC; and Mrs Jacqueline Samuels-Browne, SC\u2014met for two years. The following is based on the report and video footage of the Inquiry. [PAR] Walter Rodney was sitting in a car on the night of 13 June 1980 in Georgetown, Guyana. Next to him was his brother, Donald. On Rodney\u2019s lap was a walkie-talkie. Inside the walkie-talkie was a fragment of explosive. By switching the walkie-talkie to a specific frequency, an electronic charge was created. This charge ignited the explosive, blowing up on Rodney\u2019s lap. The report found that Rodney was killed \u201cby an agent of the State having been aided and abetted to do so by individuals holding positions of leadership in State agencies and committed to carrying out the wishes of the PNC administration.\u201d [PAR] Deceased Guyana President Forbes Burnham (left) and Dr. Walter Rodney, whose untimely death in 1980 remains a highly charged topic. [PAR] Walter Rodney was a scholar; a historian; a political activist. He was born in Georgetown on 23 March 1942. His father and mother, a tailor and a seamstress, were not supporters of Burnham\u2019s PNC; they supported Cheddi Jagan\u2019s PPP. Rodney studied history at the University of the West Indies in Jamaica and graduated with first class honours in 1963. He pursued his PhD in African History at the School of African and Oriental Studies, University of London. His thesis was A History of the Upper Guinea Coast (Oxford University Press, 1970). [PAR] Rodney returned to Jamaica in 1968 where he lectured at the History Department of UWI. He also made friends with ordinary Jamaicans, particularly with the Rastafari, \u201cgrounding\u201d\u2014Groundings With My Brothers\u2014with his brethren in an era of Black Power, Black Consciousness; a Renaissance of African ideas, art and activism in the Americas. He was banned from re-entering Jamaica by Prime Minister Huge Shearer, after attending the Black Writers Conference in Canada. This led to riots in Kingston in October 1968; the Rodney Riots. Debarred from entering Jamaica, he went to Tanzania to teach from 1968-1974. [PAR] In 1974 Rodney returned to Guyana to accept a position as Professor of History at the University of Guyana. The academic board had appointed him but the university\u2019s political wing, the University Council rescinded his appointment. Rodney was married to Dr Patricia Rodney; they produced two daughters and a son, and founded the Working People\u2019s Alliance that challenged the paramountcy of Prime Minister Forbes Burnham. The Guyanese people knew of him, his work in Jamaica and Africa, his firing; and he began with his lucid debating style to fire the imaginations and hearts of his compatriots. [PAR] Guyana was at this time a heart of darkness. The CIA and the British Government had engineered a coup in 1964 and placed Forbes Burnham\u2019s PNC at Guyana\u2019s helm. Burnham ruled Guyana using his publicly proclaimed euphemism: \u201cparty paramountcy.\u201d The party, not the State, controlled the arms of the Guyana Defence Force, the Guyana Police, departments of government; and in critical matters, parts of the judiciary, the electoral machinery, the media, the trade unions."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blondi - Hitler Parody Wiki - Wikia Blondi | Hitler Parody Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] \u201cWoof! Woof!\u201d [PAR] \u2015Blondi [PAR] Blondi (1941 \u2014 29 April 1945) was Adolf Hitler's pet German Shepherd dog. She was given to him as a gift in 1941 by Martin Bormann . [PAR] Blondi stayed with Hitler even after his move into the F\u00fchrerbunker located underneath the garden of the Reich Chancellery on January 16, 1945. In March or in early April (likely 4 April) 1945, she had a litter of five puppies with Gerdy Troost's German Shepherd, Harras. Hitler named one of the puppies \"Wolf\", his favorite nickname and the meaning of his own first name, Adolf (Noble wolf) and he began to train her. One of Blondi's puppies was reserved for Eva Braun 's sister Gretl , and Eva sent Gretl a letter containing a photo of Blondi and three of her puppies, Gretl's being indicated with an arrow. [PAR] Hitler was reportedly very fond of Blondi, keeping her by his side and allowing her to sleep in his bedroom in the bunker. This affection was not shared by Eva Braun, Hitler's mistress (and later his wife), who preferred her two Scottish Terrier dogs named Negus and Stasi (or Katuschka). According to Hitler's secretary Traudl Junge , Eva hated Blondi and was known to kick her under the dining table. In May 1942 Hitler bought another young German Shepherd \"from a minor official in the post office in Ingolstadt\" to keep Blondi company. He called her Bella. [PAR] Blondi played a role in Nazi propaganda, of which portraying Hitler as an animal lover was an important aspect. Dogs like Blondi were coveted as \"germanischer Urhund\", being close to the wolf, and grew very fashionable during the Third Reich. [PAR] She was killed when Hitler ordered Dr. Werner Haase to test the efficiency of some cyanide capsules on his dog Blondi, as there had been cases where cyanide tablets were sabotaged and therefore not deadly. However, Hitler's batch was good and the dog died as a result. Hitler became completely inconsolable. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] In Downfall parodies [PAR] When Hitler realised that finding Fegelein was a task none of his Bunker mates could accomplish, he tried to give the responsibility to the dog but to no avail. [PAR] On another occasion , Fegelein kidnapped Blondi. She was eventually found, but only after Hitler's generals had attempted a search and brought the 1970s rock band coincidentially named Blondie, much to Hitler's frustration and causing him to throw the Pencil of Doom at the soldiers bringing her. [PAR] When Dolfy had Fegelein bump off Dr. Skeletor , he gave him as food to Blondi.[citation needed] [PAR] In another parody, after asking how to fry an egg, Gunsche ran over her by accident. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Hitler's nurse, Erna Flegel , said in 2005 that Blondi's death had affected the people in the bunker more than Eva Braun's suicide. [PAR] Before Blondi, Hitler had another dog, named Blonda. [PAR] Hitler remarked early in the movie that \"Blondi was smarter than most people.\" [PAR] Gallery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cheaper by the Dozen (2003) - IMDb Cheaper by the Dozen (2003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Cheaper by the Dozen ( 2003 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] With his wife doing a book tour, a father of twelve must handle a new job and his unstable brood. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] How \u2018Arrival\u2019 And \u2018Stranger Things\u2019 Could Help Bring Shawn Levy\u2019s 21 Laps Racing Toward The Oscars And Emmys [PAR] 21 November 2016 5:08 PM, -08:00 | Deadline TV [PAR] a list of 27 images [PAR] created 09 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 14 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 29 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 3 weeks ago [PAR] Title: Cheaper by the Dozen (2003) [PAR] 5.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The Bakers, while on vacation, find themselves competing with a rival family of eight children. [PAR] Director: Adam Shankman [PAR] Two men get laid off and have to become stay-at-home dads when they can't find jobs. This inspires them to open their own day-care center. [PAR] Director: Steve Carr [PAR] An overworked mother and her daughter do not get along. When they switch bodies, each is forced to adapt to the other's life for one freaky Friday. [PAR] Director: Mark Waters [PAR] Disgraced Navy SEAL Shane Wolfe is handed a new assignment: Protect the five Plummer kids from enemies of their recently deceased father -- a government scientist whose top-secret experiment remains in the kids' house. [PAR] Director: Adam Shankman [PAR] The Little family adopt a charming young mouse named Stuart, but the family cat wants rid of him. [PAR] Director: Rob Minkoff [PAR] Identical twins Annie and Hallie, separated at birth and each raised by one of their biological parents, later discover each other for the first time at summer camp and make a plan to bring their wayward parents back together. [PAR] Director: Nancy Meyers [PAR] Mia Thermopolis has just found out that she is the heir apparent to the throne of Genovia. With her friends Lilly and Michael Moscovitz in tow, she tries to navigate through the rest of her 16th year. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] Now settled in Genovia, Princess Mia faces a new revelation: she is being primed for an arranged marriage to an English suitor. [PAR] Director: Garry Marshall [PAR] An NFL quarterback living the bachelor lifestyle discovers that he has an 8-year-old daughter from a previous relationship. [PAR] Director: Andy Fickman [PAR] Lizzie McGuire has graduated from middle school and takes a trip to Rome, Italy with her class. And what was supposed to be only a normal trip, becomes a teenager's dream come true. [PAR] Director: Jim Fall [PAR] George Banks must deal not only with the pregnancy of his daughter, but also with the unexpected pregnancy of his wife. [PAR] Director: Charles Shyer [PAR] With his oldest daughter's wedding approaching, a father finds himself reluctant to let go. [PAR] Director:"
    },
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1950 FIFA World Cup - Football Wiki - Wikia 1950 FIFA World Cup | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1950 FIFA World Cup [PAR] 1954 \u2192 [PAR] The 1950 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in Brazil in 1950. This competition was special compared to other FIFA World Cup tournaments as the winner was decided by winning a mini-league instead of a knock-out game. Uruguay won the trophy after finishing higher than Brazil , Sweden and Spain in the final group stage."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hello, Dolly! (1969) - IMDb Hello, Dolly! (1969) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Matchmaker Dolly Levi travels to Yonkers to find a partner for \"half-a-millionaire\" Horace Vandergelder, convincing his niece, his niece's intended, and his two clerks to travel to New York City along the way. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Michael Stewart (book), Thornton Wilder (based on \"The Matchmaker\" by) | 1 more credit \u00bb [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 01 Dec 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 22 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Hello, Dolly! \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 1 win & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The life of Fanny Brice , famed comedienne and entertainer of the early 1900s. We see her rise to fame as a Ziegfield girl, subsequent career and her personal life, particularly her relationship with Nick Arnstein. [PAR] Director: William Wyler [PAR] Story of singer Fanny Brice's stormy relationship with showman Billy Rose. [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] A Jewish girl disguises herself as a boy to enter religious training. [PAR] Director: Barbra Streisand [PAR] A has-been rock star falls in love with a young, up-and-coming songstress. [PAR] Director: Frank Pierson [PAR] Daisy Gamble, an unusual woman who hears phones before they ring, and does wonders with her flowers, wants to quit smoking to please her fianc\u00e9, Warren. She goes to a doctor of hypnosis to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Vincente Minnelli [PAR] Hillary Kramer, successful Perfume magnate awakes one morning to find that her accountant has robbed her blind and left for South America. Going through all of her remaining assets she ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Howard Zieff [PAR] A widow accepts a job as a live-in governess to the King of Siam's children. [PAR] Director: Walter Lang [PAR] Can a bickering odd couple in Manhattan become friends and maybe more? Owlish Felix is an unpublished writer who vents his frustration by reporting to the super that the woman in a ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Herbert Ross [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.9/10 X [PAR] Billy Bigelow has been dead for fifteen years, and now outside the pearly gates, he long waived his right to go back to Earth for a day. But he has heard that there is a problem with his ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Henry King [PAR] The accidental mix-up of four identical plaid overnight bags leads to a series of increasingly wild and wacky situations. [PAR] Director: Peter Bogdanovich [PAR] A young wife and mother, bored with day-to-day life in New York City and neglected by her husband, slips into increasingly outrageous fantasies: her mother breaking into the apartment, an ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Irvin Kershner [PAR] Harold Hill poses"
    },
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Telstar 1 makes live trans-Atlantic TV broadcast, July 23 ... Telstar 1 makes live trans-Atlantic TV broadcast, July 23, 1962 | EDN [PAR] Telstar 1 makes live trans-Atlantic TV broadcast, July 23, 1962 [PAR] PRINT PDF EMAIL [PAR] The first live trans-Atlantic television satellite broadcast took place on July 23, 1962, and was made via AT&T\u2019s Telstar 1 satellite. [PAR] Telstar had been launched 13 days prior to the broadcast by Delta rocket from Cape Canaveral. It was the first privately sponsored space launch. [PAR] Telstar was part of a multi-national agreement between AT&T, Bell Telephone Laboratories, NASA, the British General Post Office, and the French National PTT (Post, Telegraph & Telecom Office) to develop experimental satellite communications over the Atlantic Ocean. [PAR] Limited by what the Delta rocket could carry, the satellite is roughly spherical (see photo), measures 34.5 inches in length, and weighs about 170 pounds. Telstar was spin-stabilized and its outer surface was covered with solar cells to generate power. [PAR] Telstar had one innovative transponder to relay data and an omnidirectional array of small antenna elements around the satellite's \"equator\" received 6 GHz microwave signals to be relayed. The transponder converted the frequency to 4 GHz, amplified the signals in a traveling-wave tube, and retransmitted them omnidirectionally via the adjacent array of larger box-shaped cavities. The prominent helical antenna was for telecommands from a ground station. [PAR] The first public broadcast featured CBS's Walter Cronkite and NBC's Chet Huntley in New York, and the BBC's Richard Dimbleby in Brussels. The transmission linked London and Paris to the US. The link is established at 10:58 BST . Telstar 1 also relayed the first telephone call to be transmitted through space later in the same day. [PAR] Although no longer functional, Telstar remains in orbit as of this publishing. [PAR] Also see:[DOC] [TLE] First Transatlantic Television Signal via Satellite, 1962 Milestones:First Transatlantic Television Signal via Satellite, 1962 - Engineering and Technology History Wiki [PAR] Milestones:First Transatlantic Television Signal via Satellite, 1962 [PAR] Date Dedicated [PAR] Goonhilly Downs, Cornwall, England - July 2002 - IEEE UKRI Section [PAR] On 11 July 1962 this site transmitted the first live television signal across the Atlantic from Europe to the USA, via TELSTAR. This Satellite Earth Station was designed and built by the British Post Office Engineering Department. Known as 'Arthur' (of \"Knights of the Round Table\" fame), its open-dish design became a model for satellite television earth stations throughout the world. [PAR] The plaque can be viewed at the Goonhilly Downs visitors centre in Cornwall, England. NOTE: As of 2015, the plaque has been taken down for protection, and is stored on site, but is not viewable by the public. [PAR] In April 1961 a multi-national agreements was signed between the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), Bell Telephone Laboratories (Bell Labs) , NASA, the British Post Office, and the French National PPT (Post Office.) This agreement established a joint collaboration for the project development of two active, mobile telecommunications satellites, \"TELSTAR\" and \"Relay.\" [PAR] Goonhilly-Downs covers 140 acres and is located at the westernmost end of the Cornwall coast in England. It was selected because of the topography of the land. The first satellite dish to be built on the site, Goonhilly 1, also known as Arthur, was a parabolic design and weighs 1118 tons and was 28 meters in diameter. It set a world standard for the open parabolic design of the dish. The definition of a Parabolic Antenna is an antenna consisting of a parabolic reflector and a source at or near the focus. Microwave dish"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The French Connection - Statue Of Liberty National ... The French Connection - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) [PAR] The French Connection [PAR] The French Connection [PAR] The French Connection [PAR] An illustration of the presentation of the Statue to the U.S. Minister Levi Parsons Morton in Paris on July 4, 1881. [PAR] National Park Service, Statue of Liberty NM [PAR] [PAR] The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French people commemorating the alliance of France and the United States during the American Revolution. Yet, it represented much more to those individuals who proposed the gift. [PAR] [PAR] A photograph of Edouard de Laboulaye from the Galerie Contemporaine collection. [PAR] National Park Service, Statue of Liberty NM [PAR] In 1865, Edouard de Laboulaye (a French political thinker, U.S. Constitution expert, and abolitionist) proposed that a monument be built as a gift from France to the United States in order to commemorate the perseverance of freedom and democracy in the United States and to honor the work of the late president Abraham Lincoln. Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States, the French people would be inspired to create their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy. In 1865, France was divided between people who were still committed to the monarchy and people who supported the Enlightenment ideals (the belief that people had natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness). It was the hope of many French liberals that democracy would prevail and that freedom and justice for all would be attained. [PAR] [PAR] Bartholdi in his studio, Vavin Street, Paris, 1892. [PAR] National Park Service, Statue of Liberty NM [PAR] In order to turn his idea into a reality, Laboulaye talked to many prominent and influential men in France. Auguste Bartholdi - a French sculptor who had recently been commissioned to make a bust of Laboulaye - greatly supported Laboulaye's idea and was soon selected to be the sculptor of the proposed monument. [PAR] [PAR] A picture entitled \u201cThe Spirit of 61. God, Our Country and Liberty!\u201d by Currier and Ives circa 1861. [PAR] Library of Congress [PAR] \"Liberty\" was a controversial idea in the 19th century. To many people it suggested violence and revolution. Laboulaye and Bartholdi agreed that their monument should not be seen as leading an uprising, but rather as lighting the way, peacefully and lawfully. A key element was the name they gave to the Statue: Liberty Enlightening the World. Bartholdi's public monuments hailed back to classical images of a powerful, honorable national authority over any ideology. His statue of \"Liberty Enlightening the World\" would be above conservatism and liberalism and above radical revolutions and political turmoil. She would be an international symbol of liberty, justice, and democracy. In 1871, the Statue was transformed from idea into reality - it was to be funded, built, and presented to the United States. [PAR] This project could not have happened at a better time for Laboulaye. In 1871, an uprising by members of the working and middle classes in Paris against the government was brutally crushed. Laboulaye did not support such extremism among laboring people; although he wanted to change the French government to a democratic government, he did not want to do it through violence. Despite his liberal views, Laboulaye was criticized by his colleagues because he spoke out against the violence and supported the governmental repression of the uprising. The creation of the Statue of Liberty, however, was a chance for Laboulaye to restore his reputation as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang - Flanagans.com Chitty Chitty Bang Bang [PAR] Plot [PAR] ------------- Plot by IMDB ------------- [PAR] EnglishAn eccentric professor invents wacky machinery, but can't seem to make ends meet. When he invents a revolutionary car, a foreign government becomes interested in it, and resorts to skullduggery to get their hands on it. [PAR] Summary written by Murray Chapman {muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au} [PAR] A wierd inventor (Caractacus Potts) invents an amazing flying car, which drives by itself. It takes him and his family to Vulgaria, where the sinister buffoon Baron Bomburst kidnaps the car. The baron has made children illegal, and Caractacus and Co. have to try and rescue the children of Vulgaria... [PAR] Summary written by Blokie {psu10f@bangor.ac.uk} [PAR] ------------- Plot by DVD Empire ------------- [PAR] Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls--star your engines. You're about to take an incredible ride with one of the most wonderful family films of all time! Now celebrating its 30th Anniversary, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang has never looked or sounded better.Dick Van Dyke stars as eccentric inventor Caractacus Potts, who creates an extraordinary car called Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. It not only drives--but also flies and floats--as it leads him, his two children and his beautiful lady friend, Truly Scrumptious, into a magical world of pirates, castles and endless adventure. [PAR] ------------- Plot by AMG ------------- [PAR] One of the stars of Walt Disney's Mary Poppins, Dick Van Dyke, is re-united with that film's composer and lyricist, Richard M.Sherman and Robert B. Sherman, in this big budget and bloodless children's fantasy musical, based on the children's book by James Bond author Ian Fleming. Van Dyke plays Caractacus Potts, a failed inventor who lives in a big house with his two children -- Jemima Heather Ripley and Jeremy Adrian Hall -- and eccentric father Lionel Jeffries. Potts has to raise 30 shillings so his children can buy a broken-down racing car from the junkyard. After a disastrous attempt to sell his invention of whistling sweets to Lord Scrumptious (James Robertson-Justice), the local candy maker, he finally gets enough money for the car by doing a Dick Van Dyke dance routine at the county fair. Potts takes the car and miraculously transforms the vehicle into a shiny new car named Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. While on a picnic with the children and Truly Scrumptious (Sally Ann Howes), Lord Scrumptious' beautiful daughter, Potts concocts a fantasy tale about the magical powers of the car, which can now float on water and fly. In the tale, Baron Bomburst (Gert Frobe) wants the car for himself and kidnaps the automobile and the inventor. But Bomburst captures Grandpa by mistake along with the wrong car, so Potts, Truly, and the children have to enlist Chitty Chitty Bang Bang on a rescue mission to Bomburst's lair to save Grandpa. [PAR] Actors [PAR] Dick Van Dyke ..... Caractacus Potts [PAR] Sally Ann Howes ..... Truly Scrumptious [PAR] Lionel Jeffries ..... Grandpa Potts [PAR] Gert Fr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbe ..... Baron Bomburst (as Gert Frobe) [PAR] Anna Quayle ..... Baroness Bomburst [PAR] James Robertson Justice ..... Lord Scrumptious [PAR] Robert Helpmann ..... Child Catcher [PAR] Harry Fielder ..... Bit Part (uncredited) [PAR] Robert Jenner ..... Field Worker (uncredited) [PAR] Nigel Kingsley ..... Extra (uncredited) [PAR] Joseph Ross ..... Child Extra (uncredited) [PAR] Peter Ross ..... Child Extra (uncredited) [PAR] Richard Wattis ..... Secretary at Sweet Factory (uncredited) [PAR] Reviews [PAR] ------------- Review by AMG ------------- [PAR] By the end of the 1960s, the financial failure of big-budget films like Chitty Chitty Bang Bang started the final descent of the traditional film musical. However,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Krampus.com :: home of the holiday devil :: Who's Krampus? Krampus.com :: home of the holiday devil :: Who's Krampus? [PAR] Who in Hell is Krampus? [PAR] Krampus is the dark companion of St. Nicholas, the traditional European winter gift-bringer who rewards good children each year on December 6. The kindly old Saint leaves the task of punishing bad children to a hell-bound counterpart [PAR] known by many names across the continent \u2014 Knecht Ruprecht, Certa, Perchten, Black Peter, Schmutzli, Pelznickel, Klaubauf, and Krampus. Usually seen as a classic devil with horns, cloven hooves and monstrous tongue, but can also be spotted as a sinister gentleman dressed in black, or a hairy man-beast. Krampus punishes the naughty children, swatting them with switches and rusty chains before dragging them, in baskets, to a fiery place below. [PAR] Krampusnacht (Night of Krampus) [PAR] Krampus is celebrated on Krampusnacht, which takes place on the eve of St. Nicholas\u2019 Day. In Austria, Northern Italy and other parts of Europe, party-goers masquerade as devils, wild-men, and witches to participate in Krampuslauf (Krampus Run). Intoxicated and bearing torches, costumed devils caper and carouse through the streets terrifying child and adult alike. Krampusnacht is increasingly being celebrated in other parts of Europe such as Finland and France, as well as in many American cities. [PAR] Krampus's Ancient Origins [PAR] The European practice of mummery during the winter solstice season can be traced back tens of thousands of years. Villagers across the continent dress up as animals, wild-men and mythic figures to parade and perform humorous plays. This ancient guising and masking tradition continues to this day as the primary source for our modern Halloween with its costumes, trick-or-treat, and pagan symbolism. Among the most common figures in these folk rituals were Old Man Winter and the horned Goat-Man \u2014 archetypes now found in the forms of Saint Nick/Santa Claus, and the Devil (\u2018Old Nick\u2019), aka Krampus. [PAR] Santa the Punisher? [PAR] In 19th century New York City an American St. Nick emerged in the form of Santa Claus. Although based on the Dutch Saint Nicholas, Santa incorporated more elements from pagan winter solstice customs. He relinquished his white bishop garb for a red suit, traded his horse and staff for a sleigh and reindeer, and moved his franchise to Christmas Eve. [PAR] Santa also tried to take over the dark companion\u2019s job of punishing the naughty, but his New World temperament was apparently unsuited for the task. As Santa neglected and abandoned his punishing duties, American kids lost all fear of Santa and his lumps of coal. Thankfully, in the 21st century, Krampus has arrived in this land of spoiled and dissatisfied children to pick up the slack. [PAR] Krampus Cards [PAR] While Santa Claus expanded shop and sold products in mid-1800s America, the holiday card craze exploded in Europe. [PAR] In Austria and other parts of Europe, countless season\u2019s greeting cards featured Krampus, often emblazoned with the phrase \u201cGr\u00fc\u00df Vom Krampus\u201d (Greetings from Krampus). While the lurid images are suffused with a modern sense of the comic and the surreal, they still resonant with mythic power and primordial horror. [PAR] And with Krampus representing the naughty side of the season, the sexy subtext is hard to ignore in these often very cheeky cards. A century later, the brilliance of these magnificent works of pop art is now gaining global recognition. [PAR] Krampus in America [PAR] BLAB! Magazine curator Monte Beauchamp reintroduced Krampus cards to America nearly a century after their heyday. His art books are the definitive works showcasing Krampus and other Devil-inspired greeting"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long Is a Triathlon? | ACTIVE How Long Is a Triathlon? | ACTIVE [PAR] How Long Is a Triathlon? [PAR] How Long Is a Triathlon? [PAR] By Gale Bernhardt [PAR] For Active.com [PAR] There are four common distances for triathlon competitions, and many variations on those distances. [PAR] One thing that may cause a variation from the standard distance is the race venue. Often, race directors are challenged to find a safe venue for a swim, bike and run event. To keep the logistics and safety concerns of staging such an event to a dull roar, on occasion, race directors wisely select a race course that is slightly different than the common distances mentioned in this column. [PAR] Featured Events [PAR] More: Leon's World's Fastest Triathlon [PAR] Thankfully, good race directors and benevolent volunteers continue to host events, some of which are world-class, at a growing number of locations. [PAR] At many races, event directors provide not only individual competitor categories, but team categories as well. For many single-sport athletes, team competition provides a new camaraderie to their solo training. Additionally, it might just spark the fire to train for a triathlon as an individual competitor. [PAR] So, how long is a triathlon anyway? Here are the four most common race distances: [PAR] Sprint Distance [PAR] A sprint-distance triathlon is often the best way for a new triathlete to have positive experience in their first event. A typical sprint distance event consists of 400 to 500 yards (or meters) of swimming, 12 to 15 miles of cycling and typically a 3.1-mile run. This distance makes completing the event quite manageable for fit and soon-to-be fit athletes. [PAR] More: How to Train for a Sprint Triathlon [PAR] Olympic Distance [PAR] In the late 1980s, a 1.5 kilometer swim, 40 kilometer bike ride and a 10 kilometer run (0.9 miles swimming, 24.8 miles of cycling and 6.2 miles of running) was often called \"International-Distance Triathlon\" because that distance was accepted as the international standard and used at the first Triathlon World Championship. That championship was held August 6, 1989 in Avignon, France and the winners were Erin Baker of New Zealand and Mark Allen of the United States. [PAR] In 1994 the International Triathlon Union (ITU), lead by president Les McDonald, convinced the International Olympic Committee to make triathlon an Olympic sport for the Sydney Games of 2000. The title for the \"International-Distance Triathlon\" was changed to Olympic-distance. Today, an Olympic-distance triathlon remains a 1.5-kilometer swim, 40-kilometer bike ride and a 10-kilometer run. [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Gale Bernhardt [PAR] Gale Bernhardt was the USA Triathlon team coach at the 2003 Pan American Games and 2004 Athens Olympics. She's worked as a World Cup coach and delivered education training for the International Triathlon Union's Sport Development Team. Thousands of athletes have had successful training and racing experiences using Gale's easy-to-follow training plans. You can find some of her training plans on Active Trainer to help you succeed. [PAR] Gale Bernhardt was the USA Triathlon team coach at the 2003 Pan American Games and 2004 Athens Olympics. She's worked as a World Cup coach and delivered education training for the International Triathlon Union's Sport Development Team. Thousands of athletes have had successful training and racing experiences using Gale's easy-to-follow training plans. You can find some of her training plans on Active Trainer to help you succeed. [PAR] Share this article"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Great Expectations - Charles Dickens - Google Books Great Expectations - Charles Dickens - Google Books [PAR] Great Expectations [PAR] 658 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/Great_Expectations.html?id=fhUXAAAAYAAJ [PAR] One of the finest novels by iconic British author Charles Dickens, this Victorian tale follows the good-natured orphan Pip as he makes his way through life. As a boy, Pip crosses paths with a convict named Magwitch, a man who will heavily influence Pip\u2019s adulthood. Meanwhile, the earnest young man falls for the beautiful Estella, the adoptive daughter of the affluent and eccentric Miss Havisham. Widely considered to be Dickens's last great book, the story is steeped in romance and features the writer's familiar themes of crime, punishment, and societal struggle. [PAR] [PAR] What people are saying - Write a review [PAR] User ratings [PAR] Novels purchased [PAR] User Review - Maria - Target [PAR] I purchased a class set of Great Expectations Abridged. It was a quick, easy purchase. I was notifited immediately when the shipment had to be split, but everythig arrived, as described, within a week. I'm very satisfied and would use online purchasing again. I also got free shipping! Read full review [PAR] LibraryThing Review [PAR] User Review - miss_scarlet - LibraryThing [PAR] The first of Dickens' novels that I have read, it captured my attention from the start. The relation among all the characters was amazing. However, I read it for school, so my version was the abridged one. Very engrossing read. I now look forward to discovering more of Dickens' novels. Read full review[DOC] [TLE] Great Expectations - Why is Magwitch an Important ... Great Expectations - Why is Magwitch an Important Character in the novel? - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com [PAR] Great Expectations - Why is Magwitch an Important Character in the novel? [PAR] Extracts from this document... [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Great Expectations Why is Magwitch an Important Character in the novel? The character Magwitch is the first character the narrator Pip meets in the novel. The first meeting is not altogether very friendly, vivid ideas about the character are created by Dickens's description. Magwitch plays the part of a convict imprisoned most likely because of debt. The convict persona is later altered and modified by Dickens in the novel as he presents the ideas that Magwitch is affectionate, caring and does not deserve his earlier hardships. The idea of the character being a convict may cause readers who have strong opinions already developed to be bias against him. Dickens still expresses his views on injustice and the drawbacks of the social system effectively. In the first chapter of 'Great Expectations', Pip (the first person narrator) has a confrontation with the convict Magwitch in a graveyard on the marshes. The chapter is set on a marshy area by a river in a churchyard: \"ours was the marsh country, down by the river\"; \"was the churchyard\" show this. The narrative describes the churchyard being a \"bleak place overgrown with nettles\" and explains, \"The distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing, was the sea\". The churchyard scene gives a, cold and dark impression, somewhere most readers would probably not like to be on a cold day or night. The actual confrontation with Pip and the convict is sudden and is quite shocking.\"' ...read more. [PAR] Middle [PAR] The other convict explains, \"He tried to murder me. I should have been a dead man if had not come\" which opposes the first idea that Magwitch had done a good deed. The soldiers later ignore this chance that maybe Magwitch has redeemed himself \"'Enough of this parley,'"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gershwin: Meaning Of Name Gershwin | Nameberry.com Gershwin: Meaning Of Name Gershwin | Nameberry.com [PAR] Pop Culture References for the name Gershwin [PAR] Please add to or correct the information provided by other members of the Nameberry community. [PAR] Cecil Gershwin Palmer, fictional host of podcast \"Welcome to Night Vale\" [PAR] Cancel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London - photos and facts of sights - Learning English London - photos and facts of sights - Learning English [PAR] main residence of the British Monarch since 1837 [PAR] 775 rooms [PAR] When the Queen is in residence the Royal Standard flies from the flagpole, when the Queen is not in residence the Union Flag can be seen. [PAR] 4. Houses of Parliament (Palace of Westminster) [PAR] residence of the English kings up to the 16th century [PAR] destroyed by a fire in 1834 [PAR] meeting place of the House of Lords and House of Commons [PAR] about 1,100 rooms [PAR] Gunpowder Plot in 1605: [PAR] A Catholic group wanted to blow up Parliament and kill the Protestant King James to re-establish Catholicism in England. Guy Fawkes was one of the conspirators. He was found, arrested and should have been hanged, but shortly before the execution he jumped from the scaffold and broke his neck. [PAR] 5. Big Ben \u2013 Elisabeth Tower [PAR] part of the Houses of Parliament official name: Great Bell of Westminster [PAR] four bells (quarter bells) strike every 15 minutes [PAR] the Geat Bell strikes every hour [PAR] Big Ben refers to the name of the Great Bell [PAR] the complete tower is called Clock Tower [PAR] Why is the Great Bell called Big Ben? [PAR] There are two possible origins. Either it is named after Sir Benjamin Hall who oversaw the installation of the bell or it's named after Benjamin Caunt, a boxer. [PAR] The Clock Tower was renamed in 2012 in honour of Queen Elisabeth II. [PAR] 6. Westminster Abbey [PAR] built in 1065 by Edward the Confessor [PAR] British Monarchs are traditionally crowned here [PAR] Monarchs and famous people are buried here (Charles Darwin, Charles Dickens, George Friedrich H\u00e4ndel, Isaac Newton) [PAR] 7. The Tower of London [PAR] official name: Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress [PAR] was a fortess, a zoo, a place for executions, a cemetry, a residence, a prison, a mint and archives [PAR] oldest part is the White Tower [PAR] William the Conqueror built it in 1078 [PAR] consists of three wards [PAR] links St Paul's Cathedral and the Tate Modern Museum [PAR] has a special system to avoid wobbles [PAR] The bridge is shown in the film \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\". [PAR] 12. Globe Theatre [PAR] first theater was built in 1599 [PAR] reconstruction is 230 metres away from the original theatre [PAR] plays by Shakespeare are shown here [PAR] open theatre (Do not forget your umbrella in case it rains.) [PAR] 13. Trafalgar Square [PAR] largest place in the centre of London [PAR] main roads cross here (The Mall, Whitehall, Pall Mall) [PAR] place for festivals \u2013 but also for demonstrations [PAR] 14. Nelson's Column [PAR] in the centre of Trafalgar Square [PAR] column with Admiral Nelson on top who won great victories for England (Battle of Trafalgar in 1805) [PAR] 15. The Mall [PAR] runs from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar Square [PAR] flags are shown on both sides of the road in case of state visits [PAR] 16. Victoria Memorial [PAR] street entertainers in front of the market hall [PAR] students of music often perform in the market hall [PAR] 24. Dominion Theatre [PAR] built as a theatre for live shown in 1928/29 [PAR] later used as a cinema [PAR] more than 2,000 seats [PAR] the musical \"We Will Rock You\" has been on stage since 2002 [PAR] The name of the theatre is based on a melody in a song by Tangerine Dream which was recorded in the 80ies. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to write 1500 in Roman Numerals - Research Maniacs How to write 1500 in Roman Numerals [PAR] How to write 1500 in Roman Numerals [PAR] Question: What is 1500 in Roman Numerals? [PAR] Is your question, \"What is 1500 in Roman Numerals?\" If so, you have come to the right place. 1500 is displayed in Roman Numerals below. [PAR] 1500 in Roman Numerals is [PAR] MD"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Name the largest natural lake in England - coursehero.com Name the largest natural lake in England...........? [PAR] View the step-by-step solution to: [PAR] Name the largest natural lake in England...........? [PAR] This question was answered on May 24, 2016. View the Answer [PAR] Name the largest natural lake in England...........? [PAR] josestevens24 posted a question \u00b7 May 24, 2016 at 7:21am [PAR] Top Answer [PAR] Here is the answer... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29709446) ]} [PAR] kitetajunior answered the question \u00b7 May 24, 2016 at 7:26am [PAR] Other Answers [PAR] May 24, 2016 at 7:22am [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29709378) ]} [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29709389) ]} [PAR] scitutor answered the question \u00b7 May 24, 2016 at 7:22am [PAR] Windermere is the largest natural lake in England. It is a ribbon lake formed in a glacial trough after the retreat of ice at... View the full answer [PAR] {[ getNetScore(29709401) ]} [PAR] The document i uploaded are the 16 questions that need to be done, also i need multiple choice for 3 exams, but for a lot of the multiple choice there is a [PAR] Recently Asked Questions [PAR] 3 Geography experts found online! [PAR] Average reply time is less than an hour [PAR] Get Homework Help [PAR] Why Join Course Hero? [PAR] Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We\u2019ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards\u2014available anywhere, anytime. [PAR] - [PAR] - [PAR] Study Documents [PAR] Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. [PAR] - [PAR] Question & Answers [PAR] Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors\u2014available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! [PAR] - [PAR] Flashcards [PAR] Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want![DOC] [TLE] Windermere Englands Longest Natural Lake | Loch, Lake ... Windermere Englands Longest Natural Lake | Loch, Lake, Waterfall in Cu [PAR] Windermere Englands Longest Natural Lake [PAR] Ref.nr.: 277 [PAR] Accommodation [PAR] Details [PAR] Lochs Lakes and Waterfalls, Tours and Trips, Visitor Centres and Museums, Childrens Attractions, Sailing and Watersports, Guided Tours and Day Trips, Boat Trips [PAR] Address: [PAR] Open all day and everyday [PAR] Windermere Englands Longest Natural Lake [PAR] Loch, Lake, Waterfall in Windermere, Cumbria, England [PAR] The longest natural lake in England [PAR] Windermere at 10.5 miles (17 km) long is the largest natural lake in England, and is entirely within the Lake District National Park. It runs from Newby Bridge to Ambleside, and is a mile and a quarter across at its widest point, with a depth of up to 220 feet [PAR] Steamers and launches operate from Bowness Bay to Waterhead at Ambleside, and Lakeside (Newby Bridge) at the southern end. [PAR] The town of Windermere (not actually on the lake side!) was created with the building of the railway line from Kendal in 1847. This made England\u2019s longest lake an easily accessible resort and a new tourist destination, attracting amongst others Beatrix Potter. Many of the hotels and guest houses built then are still serving guests today, as are many of the grand houses built by the wealthy industrialists of the time. [PAR] It is probably now the most commercialized of the English Lakes and a tourist magnet, so expect it to get very busy in the summer months!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many points are the snooker balls worth? | Reference.com How many points are the snooker balls worth? | Reference.com [PAR] How many points are the snooker balls worth? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Each color ball in snooker is worth a different number of points with the highest value ball being the black ball, which is worth seven points. The red ball is worth one point, yellow is worth two points, green is worth three points, brown is worth four points, blue is worth five points and pink is worth six points. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In the game of snooker the red balls must be hit into a pocket first. Once a red ball has been potted, the player has the opportunity to try and pot a colored ball of their choice. If they are successful, they can then pot another red ball followed by another color. Once all the red balls are potted in the pockets, the players must then try and pot the colored balls in order of their value, from lowest to highest."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] In cricket, what does 'wicket' mean? - Quora In cricket, what does 'wicket' mean? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Cricket (sport) [PAR] In cricket, what does \"wicket\" mean? [PAR] Is it the 22 yards on which the game is played or does it indicate the number batsmen who are dismissed or the 3 stumps that are placed on both ends of the 22 yards or is it all of the above? [PAR] In the sport of cricket the word wicket has several distinct meanings: [PAR] 1. a set of stumps and bails; [PAR] 2. the pitch; or [PAR] 3. the dismissal of a batsman. [PAR] stump is a term used in the sport of cricket where it has three meanings, part of the wicket , a manner of dismissing a batsman and the end of the day's play (\"stumps\"). [PAR] Part of the wicket [PAR] A wicket consists of three stumps that are inserted into the ground, and topped with two bails . [PAR] The stumps are three vertical posts which support two bails . [PAR] The stumps and bails are usually made of wood, most commonly ash , [PAR] and together form a wicket at each end of the pitch . [PAR] The overall width of each wicket is 9 inches (22.9 cm). Each stump is 28 inches (71.1 cm) tall with maximum and minimum diameters of 11\u20442 inches (3.81 cm) and 13\u20448 inches (3.49 cm). They have a spike at one end for inserting into the ground, and the other end has a U-shaped 'through groove' to provide a resting place for the bails. [PAR] In junior cricket the items have lesser dimensions. [PAR] Each stump is referred to by a specific name: [PAR] Off stump [ 4 ] is the stump on the off side of the wicket (the same side as the batsman's bat). [PAR] Middle (Lie) stump [ 5 ] is the centre stump, the middle of the three stumps. [PAR] Leg stump [ 6 ] is the stump on the on side of the wicket (the same side as the batsman's legs). [PAR] These names are relative to the batsman, so a right-handed batsman's leg stump becomes the off stump when a left-handed player is batting. [PAR] In modern professional play, the stumps are often emblazoned with a sponsor's logo. Although they are too far away from spectators to be seen, such logos are visible on television coverage. [PAR] For professional matches, often one or more of the stumps is hollow and contains a small television camera. This is aligned vertically, but can view through a small window on the side of the stump via a mirror. The so-called stump-cam gives a unique view of play for action replays, particularly when a batsman is bowled. [PAR] Manner of dismissing a batsman [PAR] In cricket , a batsman can be out stumped if: [PAR] the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket, while the batsman is:out of his ground (because he has moved down the pitch beyond the popping crease , usually in an attempt to hit the ball); andnot attempting a run. [PAR] Being \"out of his ground\" is defined as not having any part of the batsman's body or his bat touching the ground behind the crease - i.e., if his bat is slightly elevated from the floor despite being behind the crease, or if his foot is on the crease line itself but not completely across it and touching the ground behind it, then he would be considered out (if stumped). One of the fielding team (such as the wicket-keeper himself) must"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Science of Bread: Bread Science 101 | Exploratorium Science of Bread: Bread Science 101 | Exploratorium [PAR] Chinese Taro Root Buns [PAR] From Chinese baozi to Armenian lavash, bread comes in thousands of forms. What do they have in common? On the most basic level, they all involve cooking a mixture of milled grains and water. [PAR] Armenian lavash [PAR] Imagine a continuum of breads, ranging from the thinnest flatbreads to the fluffiest brioche. Some are amazingly simple: Matzoh, for example, is nothing more than flour and water, baked until crisp. Raised breads, on the other hand, involve the complex interactions between flour and the leaveners that give them their porous, tender quality. [PAR] Leaveners come in two main forms: baking powder or soda and yeast. [PAR] Matzoh [PAR] Baking powder or baking soda work quickly, relying on chemical reactions between acidic and alkaline compounds to produce the carbon dioxide necessary to inflate dough or batter (more on this later). Baking powder and baking soda are used to leaven baked goods that have a delicate structure, ones that rise quickly as carbon dioxide is produced, such as quick breads like cornbread and biscuits. [PAR] Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker's yeast. Photos courtesy of Peter Hollenhorst and Catherine Fox. [PAR] Yeast, on the other hand, is a live, single-celled fungus. There are about 160 species of yeast, and many of them live all around us. However, most people are familiar with yeast in its mass-produced form: the beige granules that come in little paper packets. This organism lies dormant until it comes into contact with warm water. Once reactivated, yeast begins feeding on the sugars in flour, and releases the carbon dioxide that makes bread rise (although at a much slower rate than baking powder or soda). Yeast also adds many of the distinctive flavors and aromas we associate with bread. For more on yeast, check out our fun yeast activity . [PAR] But leavening agents would just be bubbling brews without something to contain them. Here\u0092s where flour comes in. There are lots of different types of flour used in bread, but the most commonly used in raised bread is wheat flour. This is because wheat flour contains two proteins, glutenin and gliadin, which, when combined with water, form gluten. As you knead the dough, the gluten becomes more and more stretchy. This gum-like substance fills with thousands of gas bubbles as the yeast goes to work during rising. [PAR] gluten animation [PAR] To learn more about gluten, check out the gluten animation . [PAR] Starch, a carbohydrate that makes up about 70% of flour by weight, also gets in on the act. When starch granules are attacked by enzymes present in flour, they release the sugars that yeast feeds on. Starch also reinforces gluten and absorbs water during baking, helping the gluten to contain the pockets of gas produced by the yeast. [PAR] Sometimes, a baker will let the dough rise several times, allowing the gluten to develop more completely and the yeast to add more of its flavors. When the dough is finally cooked\u0097either in an oven, over a fire, or in a steamer, depending on what kind of bread you\u0092re baking\u0097the yeast inside it continues feeding, and the pockets of gas in the dough continue to expand. As the temperature of the cooking dough rises, the yeast eventually dies, the gluten hardens, and the dough solidifies. Et voil\u00e0! Bread! [PAR] For more about bread science, check out these links !"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Honey - David Lebovitz French Honey - David Lebovitz [PAR] French Honey [PAR] 167 comments - [PAR] 01.21.2013 [PAR] I had to put a moratorium on jam-making this year because I realized I had enough jam to last a normal person, who doesn\u2019t have a French partner, at least ten years. (I\u2019m not naming any names, but one Frenchman in particular can go through half a jar at one breakfast alone.) But one thing I can\u2019t make is honey, in spite of the fact that I am certainly capable of giving a nasty sting every once in a while. It wasn\u2019t until I moved to France that I fell in love with the stuff. [PAR] When I led tours, I\u2019d bring guests to honey shops and people would just kind of look around \u2013 or look over me, perhaps wondering when we were getting to the chocolate \u2013 as I started to explain fabulous wonders of French honey. And am not sure how convincing I was, but since I have a captive audience here (don\u2019t touch that mouse!), as well as a cabinet-full of the stuff, I decided that as I started to clean out my honey larder, I\u2019d also come clean about my love for the stuff. [PAR] Various honeys are said to have various properties. I don\u2019t sit down to breakfast and think about all the polyhydroxy phenols and bioflavonoids, or how my body is going through phagocytosis or endocytosis while I eat my toast and sip my orange juice and wonder how the heck I\u2019m going to make it through another day. (And I have nothing against polyhydroxy pheols or phagocytosis, it\u2019s just that they\u2019re not popular topics at my breakfast table.) On the whole, I eat pretty healthy stuff and am not one to think about the health benefits of food. I don\u2019t need justification, ie: antioxidants, to eat chocolate. I just eat it \u2013 and thinking that you\u2019re going to get healthy from eating cheesecake because you put a tablet of vitamin C in it is kind of ridiculous, if you ask me. So geez, just eat! [PAR] My philosophy is to eat a variety of things, avoid too many packaged foods, and always choose butter over margarine. (And wine over soda.) So when someone tells me that a particular honey may be good for my urinary tract, it\u2019s kind of the last thing (or place) I like to think about when eating. I\u2019d rather think about how good it tastes. However before I step down off my soapbox, honey is a good, healthy, pure food, and adding a generous spoonful to your diet every once in a while will make you a happier person. At least it does in my case. [PAR] The French love honey and give it a lot more respect than most of us do in the states. It\u2019s sold by variety, where it\u2019s cultivated, the terroir, by producer, and if it\u2019s crystallized or not. Because it was recently revealed that a great deal of honey is mislabeled , or worse, adulterated , one has to look at labels. Fabriqu\u00e9 en France or Recolt\u00e9 en France (Made in France, or Harvested in France) are different from Elabor\u00e9 en France or Transform\u00e9 en France (Processed in France) \u2013 and not just on honey, but on other food products. I once bought what I thought was honey at a Middle Eastern market and when I got home, and have my glasses, I looked at the label carefully and saw that it was glucose aromatis\u00e9 (flavored) with honey. [PAR] The one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Old Kent Road - Monopoly Wiki - Wikia Old Kent Road | Monopoly Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Houses cost \u00a330 each [PAR] Hotel, \u00a330 plus 4 Houses [PAR] If a player owns ALL the lots of any Color-Group, the rent is Doubled on Unimproved Lots in that group. [PAR] Old Kent Road is the first brown (formerly dark purple) property , featured in the Standard UK version (\"London\") of the classic Monopoly boardgame. It is well known as the least expensive property in the game. [PAR] Old Kent Road is named after a road in South East London, England , which forms part of Watling Street; the Roman road which ran from Dover to Holyhead. [PAR] Many people have sung songs about the Old Kent Road. Even Fozzie Bear:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue Christmas by Elvis Presley Songfacts Blue Christmas by Elvis Presley Songfacts [PAR] Blue Christmas by Elvis Presley Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] Originally recorded in 1950 by Ernest Tubb, Elvis Presley recorded this song in 1957 for his Elvis' Christmas Album. It wasn't released as a single until 1964, when in the US it was backed with \"Wooden Heart\" from Elvis' soundtrack to his film G.I. Blues, but from 1965 and on, it was backed with \"Santa Claus Is Back In Town.\" >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Jeff - Boston, MA [PAR] In the UK, the single was also released in 1964, but with Elvis' version of \" White Christmas \" on the flip, making for a very colorful and seasonal single. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Phil - Crickhowell, Wales [PAR] Elvis' performed this song for the first time on his 1968 television special, which was called (Singer Presents) 'Elvis' (it was sponsored by Singer sewing machines). Recorded in June, the special aired on December 3 and helped revitalize his career. His performance of \"Blue Christmas\" is the only video footage that exists of Elvis singing a Christmas song. Before he begins the song, Elvis states: \"I'd like to do my favorite Christmas song of the ones I've recorded.\" [PAR] This has been covered by Ringo Starr, Celine Dion, The Beach Boys, Sheryl Crow, Smash Mouth, Brooks and Dunn, Vince Gill , Face to Face, Bette Midler, Harry Conick Jr., Shakin' Stevens, Bill Haley and the Comets, Eilert Pilarm, Mary Margaret O'Hara, Misfits, Freddy Fender, Collective Soul, and... Porky Pig. [PAR] The only version to chart in America is by a family act called The Browns (the siblings Jim Edward, Maxine and Bonnie Brown), who nicked the Hot 100 at #97 with their 1960 recording. >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Brett - Edmonton, Canada [PAR] In late 2008, Martina McBride was digitally composited into footage from Elvis performing this song at his 1968 Christmas special to create a duet version of the song. McBride recorded the song as part of the Christmas Duets album, which featured several female singers, including Carrie Underwood, LeAnn Rimes, and Olivia Newton-John, performing Christmas songs along with recordings of Elvis. [PAR] Inserting a voice onto an existing recording isn't all that difficult, but getting McBride on video with Elvis was painstaking, taking about four weeks to piece together. The most difficult shots were the ones from overhead where McBride appears with the full band. There was a small space between Elvis and his guitarist Scotty Moore where she was inserted. [PAR] When the duet hit #22 on the Adult Contemporary tally, it became Presley's first entry on that chart since \"The Elvis Medley\" peaked at #31 in 1982."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] polonaise noun definition in Pieces of music topic from ... polonaise noun definition in Pieces of music topic from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary [PAR] polonaise noun definition in Pieces of music topic from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary [PAR] polonaise [PAR] noun: Pieces of music topic [PAR] a slow Polish dance that was popular in the 19th century; a piece of music for this dance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Superman | fictional character | Britannica.com Superman | fictional character | Britannica.com [PAR] fictional character [PAR] Superman, American comic-strip superhero created for DC Comics by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joseph Shuster . Superman first appeared in Action Comics no. 1 (June 1938). [PAR] Christopher Reeve in Superman (1978), directed by Richard Donner. [PAR] TM and \u00a9 DC Comics/\u00a9 Warner Bros. [PAR] The Man of Steel in the Golden Age [PAR] Superman\u2019s origin is perhaps one of the best-known stories in comic-book history. Indeed, in All Star Superman no. 1 (2005), writer Grant Morrison and artist Frank Quitely expertly cover the salient points with just four panels and eight words. On the doomed planet Krypton, scientists Jor-El and Lara place their infant son Kal-El into a rocket bound for Earth . He is found by Martha and Jonathan Kent, a kindly couple from the mid-American town of Smallville. They name the boy Clark and raise him as their own. As a child, Clark exhibits a collection of superhuman powers\u2014invulnerability, incredible strength, the ability to leap incredible distances, and super speed\u2014that would later become the hallmarks of his alter ego, Superman, the \u201cMan of Steel.\u201d [PAR] Cover of Action Comics no. 1 (June 1938), which introduced Superman. [PAR] Hulton Archive/Getty Images [PAR] That dual identity would provide an ongoing sense of tension for the saga. Upon reaching adulthood, the mild-mannered Clark Kent moves from Smallville to urban Metropolis , where he works as a reporter for the Daily Planet. There he develops a romantic interest in fellow reporter Lois Lane (a character modeled in part on Siegel\u2019s future wife, Joanne). She, however, dazzled by the courageous crime-fighting exploits of Superman and unaware of his dual identity, continually rejects Kent\u2019s overtures. The audience, privy to the secret that continually eluded Lois, identified with Clark as a downtrodden \u201ceveryman,\u201d while Superman served as a beacon of hope during the depths of the Great Depression . [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Iron Fist [PAR] The success of Action Comics no. 1 spurred the creation of a new superhero industry, with a host of comic-book publishers sprouting virtually overnight. For their part, Siegel and Shuster received $130 from DC Comics for the exclusive rights to Superman. The pair (and later their estates) would spend years in court trying to recoup some share of the royalties for their blockbuster creation. DC publisher Jack Liebowitz wasted no time in exploiting the character, and in January 1939 Siegel and Shuster were enlisted to produce a Superman newspaper strip. Distributed by the McClure Syndicate, the feature ran successfully through the 1940s. The Man of Steel was awarded his own comic title with Superman no. 1 (summer 1939) and began appearing in World\u2019s Best Comics (later World\u2019s Finest Comics). DC introduced a Supermen of America fan club and licensed the character\u2019s likeness to manufacturers of toys, puzzles, novels, colouring books, and bubble gum. Superman debuted on radio in 1940, in the long-running The Adventures of Superman program, with actor Bud Collyer giving voice to the hero. Superman made his silver-screen debut in 1941, in a celebrated series of 17 animated shorts from Fleischer Studios . [PAR] A look at how the definition of a hero has changed through the ages. [PAR] \u00a9 Open University (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] Superman\u2019s powers grew in response to his caped competition, primarily Fawcett Comics\u2019s Captain Marvel. Captain Marvel could fly, and his popularity soon rivaled that of Superman. It was not long before the Man of Steel was soaring through the skies, and DC filed suit against Fawcett for infringing on its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1930s Slang - YourDictionary 1930s Slang [PAR] Every decade has its own slang, yet the 1930s slang is a type of jargon that is completely unique to the spirit of the time. The 1930s slang embodies the history of what was going on in the world as well as a fusion of everything that was considered \u201ccool\u201d during that era. [PAR] Examples of 1930s slang [PAR] Here is some of the popular slang of the 1930s. Keep in mind that much of the slang may be widely recognizable words that are used today; however, some of the words have since taken on a different meaning. [PAR] Abyssinia - This means \u201cI\u2019ll be seeing you\u201d and if you say it really fast you will be able to actually hear it as you say the word. [PAR] Horn \u2013 This means telephone. [PAR] Apple \u2013 Everyone has heard of \u201cthe big apple\u201d (being New York) however did you know that the word \u201capple\u201d referred to any big city in the 1930s? [PAR] Broad/dame/doll \u2013 These words were all slang for the fairer sex; they simply referred to women. [PAR] Gat/rod/heater/convincer \u2013 A couple of these words are still used today when referring to a gun. [PAR] Big House \u2013 Nothing has changed with this one as it still refers to a prison. [PAR] Hooch/Booze \u2013 This was a term for whiskey. [PAR] Trigger Men \u2013 This was (and sometimes still is used) a term for hired gunmen. [PAR] Hot mama/looker/ omato/dish/sweet patootie \u2013 These were all terms to describe good looking women. [PAR] Cadillac \u2013 While now this word simply refers to a car, in the 1930s it referred to an ounce of cocaine or heroin. [PAR] Canary \u2013 No it\u2019s not a bird \u2013 at least not in the 1930s; a canary in the 1930s referred to a female singer. [PAR] Cats/alligators \u2013 These words were used to describe people who were fans of swing music. [PAR] Chicago typewriter/chopper \u2013 These words referred to the Thompson machine gun also known as \u201cTommy Gun.\u201d [PAR] City Juice/Dog Soup \u2013 These terms referred to a cup of water. [PAR] Copper \u2013 Look closely and you will notice that we still use part of this word when referring to a police officer. Instead of a \u201ccop\u201d in the 1930s a police officer was called a \u201ccopper.\u201d [PAR] Chicago overcoat \u2013 This refers to a coffin. There was a ton of gang violence in Chicago during the 1930s so it was not uncommon for the word \u201cChicago\u201d to be used as a lead word for a slang term relative to violence. [PAR] Dick/gumshoe/flatfoot \u2013 Believe it or not these words referred to a detective. If you think about the character \u201cDick Tracy\u201d you will remember that he was a detective during the 1930s. The slang word for detective back then was \u201cdick\u201d so basically they were calling him Detective Tracy in the slang vernacular of the time. [PAR] History of the Era [PAR] It has been long said that if the 1930s were a book, it would begin with the Great Depression and end with the influx of the second World War. It was the fourth decade in the twentieth century history of the United States, the country\u2019s darkest hour, and quite possibly one of the most socially ambient decades of all. [PAR] Despite the toll that the Great Depression took on the United States, there was still a spirit of the times that fused the tension of the era with the social realism and art deco style that gained popularity throughout the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Giacomo Casanova Biography - Infos - Art Market Giacomo Casanova Biography - Infos - Art Market [PAR] Venedig 1725 - [PAR] Dux 1798 [PAR] Giacomo Girolamo Casanova was an Italian adventurer, writer and womanizer. Born on April 2, 1725 in Venice, he began a career as a cleric because his guardian, his grandmother, wished it. He studied theology and law in Padua. After he finished his studies, Casanova went to Rome and met Pope Benedict XIV, who learned to value him because of his conviviality. However, a love affair forced Casanova to leave Rome. Casanova returned to Venice and became a petty officer. Even so, blasphemous statements and amorous adventures with two nuns gave him a sentence of five years\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd imprisonment in 1755. [PAR] Fifteen months later came Casanova\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds legendary escape from the lead chambers in Venice. Forced into exile, Casanova led from now on an even more nomadic, varied life that would give him material for his stories. He gave himself the title \"Chevalier de Seingalt\" and became a beloved guest and companion at the most elegant courts in Europe. The metropolises Paris, Rome, Madrid, Berlin and St. Petersburg were Casanova\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds stopping points, among others, after 1757. He also met famous contemporaries such as Voltaire, Louis XV, Friedrich the Great, Catherine the Great and Pope Clement XIII. Gambling debts and erotic intrigues however forced Casanova to constantly and quickly change his location. [PAR] Casanova\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds relationship to the city of his birth, Venice, remained strained. After he was permitted to return in 1772, he found employment first as a theater director and a Venetian secret agent. However, tensions with the censorship board caused Casanova\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds permanent departure from Venice. [PAR] In 1785, Casanova finally settled down. As librarian for the Bohemian Count Waldstein, Casanova was able to devote himself above all to writing down the story of his eventful life at Castle Duchcov, beginning in 1790. His memoirs became a classic of erotic literature. [PAR] Giacomo Girolamo Casanova died in Duchcov on June 4, 1798.[DOC] [TLE] Giacomo Casanova - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Giacomo Casanova - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Giacomo Casanova [PAR] \"Casanova\" redirects here. For other uses, see Casanova (disambiguation) . [PAR] Giacomo Casanova [PAR] Gaetano Giuseppe Casanova [PAR] Zanetta Farussi [PAR] Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt (April 2, 1725 \u2013 June 4, 1798) was a Venetian adventurer and author . His main book Histoire de ma vie (Story of My Life), part autobiography and part memoir , is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of the customs and norms of European social life during the 18th century. [PAR] So famous a womanizer was he that his name remains synonymous with the art of seduction and he is sometimes called \"the world's greatest lover\". He enjoyed the company of European royalty, popes and cardinals, along with men such as Voltaire , Goethe and Mozart ; but if he had not been obliged to spend some years as a librarian in the household of Count Waldstein of Bohemia (where he relieved his boredom by writing the story of his life), he would probably be forgotten today. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ edit ] Youth [PAR] Giacomo Girolamo Casanova was born in Venice in 1725 to actress Zanetta Farussi, wife of actor and dancer Gaetano Giuseppe Casanova. Giacomo was the first of six children, being followed by Giovanni (1730\u20131795), Faustina Maddalena (1731\u20131736), Maria Maddalena Antonia Stella (1732\u20131800), Gaetano Alvise (1734\u20131783), and Francesco (1737\u20131803). [1] Because of his mother's profession, it is suspected that some or all of these were fathered by men other than her husband. Casanova"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Traditional Chinese Wedding Dresses - China culture Traditional Chinese Wedding Dresses - China culture [PAR] Traditional Chinese Wedding Dresses [PAR] Traditional Etiquette and Taboos [PAR] There are mainly three kinds of etiquettes in China. The first category is the daily life... [PAR] It is being said that marriage is fixed at the heaven and we humans are just like a puppet that walk through the path of life to finally choose our partners. Since ages, marriage is considered a very sacred ritual where a girl and a boy tie their knot and wish to spend rest of their life together. Regardless of the country or religion a person belongs, marriage is the most memorable and precious moment of his life. [PAR] Marriage custom and tradition varies a lot from place to place. People from different country have some of their own way to arrange a marriage. Some of the custom that is commonly prevalent in most of the culture across the world are special wedding dress for bride and groom, wedding cake, wedding ring, wedding flowers, wedding songs etc. Wedding dress is given the utmost importance so as to impart the most unique appearance to the couple. [PAR] Traditional Chinese Wedding Dresses and Rituals [PAR] Chinese wedding dresses have attained world wide fame because of its antique and artistic embroidery. Rituals preceding the Chinese wedding are devoted to its ancient culture and tradition which is still prevalent in China. These rituals have its deep impact on the wedding dress of bride and groom. It is believed that wedding dress should never reflect black, blue or gray color as it may bring sorrow to their married life. Red and white are the two most prominently used colors in Chinese wedding dress. Red color is considered as the symbol of love and prosperity; hence most of the dresses include red as their base color. Even the candles, flowers, ribbons and fireworks, all used in red. [PAR] Chinese Wedding Dresses Design [PAR] These days some of the most exclusive wedding design includes expensive and precious work of gold and silver thread all across the borders. Skilled craftsmen are hired to impart artistic embroidery work with these gold and silver threads. Qi Pao is a one-piece frock that is the choice of young age brides in China. Traditional wedding dresses include two-piece dress named as Gua, Kwa or the Chengsam. These dresses are mostly prominent in brides from southern China. [PAR] Traditionally wore wedding dresses for both men and women include Chengasm with dragon and phoenix design. Dragon is the symbol of power and is worshipped by Chinese since ancient time. The combination of dragon and phoenix symbolizes the balance of male and female power. Black silk coat decorated with dragon robe is the typical wedding dress for groom. Most of such traditional dress designs are believed to be inherited from the time of Qing dynasty which has been the last dynasty of China. [PAR] A Modern Chinese Treatment [PAR] Recently, the taste of youth has changed a bit and they even prefer to wear more simple and sober set of coat without any robe or hat. It has been a trend now a day to change the outfit twice or thrice over the night. It is considered a status symbol of a family, more are the dresses more sophisticated is the family. [PAR] Besides these eye catching wedding costumes, a Chinese wedding dress also include complex but elegant headdress. Brides are adorned with such an exclusive hairstyles which adds up to their beauty even more. Hair designers are given special training"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Darya-i-Nur Diamond - Tripod.com The Darya-i-Nur Diamond [PAR] The Darya-i-Nur [PAR] Considered to be the most celebrated diamond in the Iranian Crown Jewels and one of the oldest known to man, the 186-carat Darya-i-Nur is a crudely fashioned stone measuring 41.40 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 29.50 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 12.15 mm. The name means Sea of Light, River of Light, or Ocean of Light. It is a table or 'taviz' cut diamond. [PAR] Both the Darya-i-Nur and the historic Koh-i-Noor are said to have been in the possession of the first Mogul emperor of India, from whom they descended to Mohammed Shah. When the latter was defeated by Persia's Nadir Shah during the sack of Delhi in 1739, he surrended all his chief valuables, including the diamonds and the well-known Peacock Throne. [PAR] After Nadir's assassination in 1741, he Darya-i-Nur was inherited by his grandson, Shah Rokh. Later, it descended in succession to Mirza-Alam Khan Khozeime and thence to Mohammed Hassan Khan Qajar. Finally, it came into the possession of Lotf-Ali Khan Zand, who was defeated by Aga Mohammed Khan Khan Qajar. [PAR] In 1797, Aga Mohammed was succeeded by his grandson, Fath Ali Shah, who was both a collector and connosseur of gems and whose name is engraved on one side of the great diamond. [PAR] In 1827, Sir John Malcolm, a British emissary to the Persian Court and author of Sketches of Persia, described the Darya-i-Nur and the Taj-e-Mah (another famous diamond in the Persian Regalia) as the principal stones in a pair of bracelets valued at one million pounds sterling. [PAR] During the reign of the next shah, Nasser-ed-Din (1831-1896), the stone was mounted in an elaborate frame, which is surmounted by the Lion and Sun (the emblem of the Imperial Government of Iran) and set with four hundred fifty-seven diamonds and four rubies. It is still mounted in that same frame today. [PAR] Although some researchers contend that the Darya-i-Nur was acquired by the East India Co. and exhibited at London's Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851, Iranian officials at the Central Bank of Iran in Tehran, where the Crown Jewels are kept, told the Gemological Institute of America in 1964 that it has never left the Treasure Vaults. [PAR] In 1906, Mohammed Ali Shah, after being defeated by the Constitutionalists while carrying the diamond and other valuables with him during the Persian Revolution, took refuge in the Russian Legation and claimed that the jewels were his personal property. However, as a result of intense efforts made by the freedom fighters, this priceless token of Nadir's conquests was restored to the country. [PAR] Today, the Darya-i-Nur holds a prominent place amoung the Iranian Crown Jewels. The Iranian Crown Jewels were studied and authenticated in 1966 by Dr. V.B. Meen of the Royal Ontario Museum. It is now believed that the Darya-i-Nur is the major portion of Tavernier's Great Table. Source: Diamonds - Famous, Notable and Unique by GIA. [PAR] It should be noted that the exact weight of the Darya-i-Nur is not really known. The figure of 186 carats listed here by GIA is an estimate. The stone is estimated to weigh somewhere between 175 and 195 carats, and it is a light pink color. The reason the exact weight is not known is because the stone cannot be removed from its setting without major risk of destroying the setting. It is more than likely that the stone was cut from the Great Table Diamond, and stone that was described by Jean Baptiste Tavernier as being over 400 carats, pink, and very flat.[DOC] [TLE] Darya-i-Nur Pink Diamond - Internet"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EROS - Greek God of Love (Roman Cupid, Amor) EROS - Greek God of Love (Roman Cupid, Amor) [PAR] Eros [PAR] Eros playing flute, Athenian red-figure lekythos C5th B.C., Museum of Fine Arts Boston [PAR] EROS was the mischievous god of love, a minion and constant companion of the goddess Aphrodite . [PAR] The poet Hesiod first represents him as a primordial deity who emerges self-born at the beginning of time to spur procreation. (See the Protogenos Eros and Phanes for more information.) The same poet later describes two love-gods, Eros and Himeros (Desire), accompanying Aphrodite at the time of her birth from the sea-foam. Some classical writers interpreted this to mean the pair were born of the goddess immediately following her birth or else alongside her from the sea-foam. The scene was particular popular in ancient art where the godlings flutter about the goddess as she reclines inside a conch-shell. [PAR] Eventually Eros was multiplied by ancient poets and artists into a host of Erotes (Roman Cupides). The singular Eros, however, remained distinct in myth. It was he who lit the flame of love in the hearts of the gods and men, armed with either a bow and arrows or a flaming torch. Eros was often portrayed as the disobedient but fiercely loyal child of Aphrodite. [PAR] In ancient vase painting Eros is depicted as either a handsome youth or child. His attributes were varied--from the usual bow and arrows, to the gifts of a lover such as a hare, sash, or flower. Sculptors preferred the image of the bow-armed boy, whereas mosaic artists favoured the figure of a winged putto (plump baby). [PAR] FAMILY OF EROS [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1.1] APHRODITE (Ibycus Frag 284, Anacreontea Frag 44, Apollonius Rhodius 3.82, Pausanias 9.27.1, Plato Phaedrus, Philostratus Younger 8, Oppian Halieutica 4.10, Hyginus Astronomica 2.30, Ovid Metamorphoses 1.452 & 5.363, Seneca Phaedra 274, Statius Silvae 1.2.51, Apuleius 11.218, Nonnus Dionysiaca 4.238 & 33.4) [PAR] [1.2] ARES & APHRODITE (Ibycus Frag 575, Nonnus Dionysiaca 5.88) [PAR] [1.3] OURANOS & APHRODITE (she was born pregnant with Eros from the genitals of Ouranos) (possibly Hesiod Theogony 176, Sappho Frag 198, Nonnus Dionysiaca 33.4 & 41.128) [PAR] [3.1] ZEPHRYOS & IRIS (Alcaeus Frag 327) [PAR] [4.1] EILEITHYIA (Pausanias 9.27.1) [PAR] [5.1] POROS & PENIA (Plato Symposium 178) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.1] HEDONE (by Psykhe ) (Apuleius 6.24) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] EROS (Er\u00f4s), in Latin, AMOR or CUPI\u2032DO, the god of love. In the sense in which he is usually conceived, Eros is the creature of the later Greek poets; and in order to understand the ancients properly we must distinguish three Erotes: viz. the Eros of the ancient cosmogonies, the Eros of the philosophers and mysteries, who bears great resemblance to the first, and the Eros whom we meet with in the epigrammatic and erotic poets, whose witty and playful descriptions of the god, however, can scarcely be considered as a part of the ancient religious belief of the Greeks. Homer does not mention Eros, and Hesiod, the earliest author that mentions him, describes him as the cosmogonic Eros. First, says Hesiod (Theog. 120, &c.), there was Chaos, then came Ge, Tartarus, and Eros, the fairest among the gods, who rules over the minds and the council of gods and men. In this account we already perceive a combination of the most ancient with later notions. [PAR] According to the former, Eros was one of the fundamental causes in the formation of the world, inasmuch as he was the uniting power of love, which brought order and harmony among the conflicting elements"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wedding Almonds \u2014 Nuts.com Wedding Almonds \u2014 Nuts.com [PAR] Wedding Almonds [PAR] Wedding Almonds Traditions [PAR] Wondering about Jordan Almonds, the ever popular wedding treat? These fancy, sugarcoated candies are rich in flavor and in cultural meaning, particularly at weddings. Whether for decorative items, party favors, or a candy buffet, here's a taste of these confections' yummy symbolism. [PAR] Did you know that giving each guest Jordan Almonds as wedding favors comes from both Italian and Middle Eastern wedding traditions? Some experts date the candy custom back to the Victorian Era. [PAR] Traditionally, wedding guests are each given five Jordan Almonds, signifying the following sentiments: [PAR] Health, Wealth, Happiness, Fertility & Long Life [PAR] Many brides and grooms word this traditional meaning in a poem to their guests on the favor label. [PAR] Check out these varieties of Wedding Almonds at great prices, always in stock, with same day shipping: [PAR] Also try Jordan Almonds in other colors ! [PAR] The Wedding Story of Jordan Almonds From Around the World [PAR] GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Fresh almonds have a bittersweet taste. This represents LIFE and the sugarcoating is added with the hope that life together for the newlyweds will be more sweet than bitter. [PAR] ITALIAN WEDDINGS Five almonds have a significant meaning. They can be put at place settings for decoration, wrapped in tulle or put in a box or other type of container. The five wishes for the Bride and Groom are health, wealth, happiness, fertility, and longevity. [PAR] GREEK WEDDINGS In traditional Greek weddings, the Jordan almonds are called *koufetta*. They are placed in little bags in odd numbers and are served on a silver tray. Odd numbers are indivisible, symbolizing how the newlyweds will share everything and remain undivided. [PAR] MIDDLE EASTERN WEDDINGS The candy-covered almonds are considered aphrodisiacs and are always on hand. (Beware, guests may start leaving the reception earlier than expected.) [PAR] A SWEET IDEA Jordan Almonds make great wedding favors. Wrap a cluster in tulle tied with ribbon, pack a few in boxes (made of sugar, straw, paper, metal, or plastic), stuff some in decorative bags, or pour a handful into champagne glasses or glass bowls. Attach a little card with a note explaining the almonds' meaning - Health, Wealth, Happiness, Children and a Long Life! [PAR] Sign up for our newsletter Receive limited, email-only offers! [PAR] First name (we like to say hi!): [PAR] (We hate junk mail and spam just like you and will never give your email address to anyone. You can unsubscribe at any time.)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen Victoria's Children - Primary Homework Help for Kids Queen Victoria's Children [PAR] Queen Victoria's Children [PAR] How many children did Queen Victoria have? [PAR] Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had 9 children (4 boys and 5 girls). [PAR] They were: [PAR] Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise: b.1840, d. 1901 [PAR] Was given the title Princess Royal because she was the eldest daughter. She married Frederick (Fritz) of Prussia, 1858 and was given the additional title of Empress of Germany. [PAR] Edward Albert: b. 1841, d.1910. [PAR] Edward was born on 9 November 1841 as the Duke of Cornwall and the Duke of Rothesay. He became the Prince of Wales a month later because he was next in line to the throne. He married Princess Alexandra of Denmark in 1863. Edward succeeded the British Throne as King Edward VII when Queen Victoria died and reigned until his death on 6th May 1910. [PAR] Alice Maud Mary: b. 1843, d. 1878 [PAR] After marrying married Prince Louis of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1862, Alice was given the additional title of Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt. [PAR] Alfred Ernest Albert: b. 1844, d.1900 [PAR] Was given the title of Duke of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He married Princess Marie of Russia in 1874. He was the first member of the Royal family to visit Australia. [PAR] Helena Augusta Victoria: b.1846, d.1923 [PAR] After marring Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein she was given the the additional title of Princess Helena of Schleswig-Holstein. [PAR] Louise Caroline Alberta: b.1848, d.1939 [PAR] After marrying Marquess of Lorne in 1871, was given the the additional title of Dowager Duchess of Argyll [PAR] Arthur William Patrick Albert: b.1850, d.1942 [PAR] Known as Duke of Connaught. He married Princess Louise of Prussia [PAR] Leopold George Duncan Albert: b.1853, d.1884 [PAR] Knon as Duke of Albany. He married Princess Helena of Waldeck-Pyrmont. [PAR] Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore: b. 1856, d. 1944 [PAR] After marrying Prince Henry of Battenberg she was given the additional title of Princess Beatrice of Battenberg. [PAR] The Royal Family today is related to many European monarchies because of the marriages of Queen Victoria's children. Eight of Victoria's children sat on the thrones of Europe, those of Great Britain, Prussia, Greece, Romania, Russia, Norway, Sweden and Spain. [PAR] Queen Victoria was survived by 6 children, 40 grandchildren and 37 great-grandchildren, including four future sovereigns of England: Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII and George VI.[DOC] [TLE] How Many Children Did Queen Victoria Have and ... - Biography How Many Children Did Queen Victoria Have and Who Was the Oldest? [PAR] Queen Victoria , who ruled the United Kingdom from 1837 until her death in 1901, had nine children during her lifetime. The oldest of Victoria\u2019s children was Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, born in 1840. [PAR] Queen Victoria's Children [PAR] Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert , had nine children and raised their extensive royal family within the traditions of classic Great British monarchical traditions. [PAR] The oldest of Victoria\u2019s children, Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, was born in 1840. Princess Victoria served as Princess Royal beginning in 1841; she later came into the position of German Empress and Queen of Prussia by marrying German emperor Frederick III. [PAR] The second child was Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales ; he later became King Edward VII. [PAR] Princess Alice was next; she became Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine through her marriage to a German prince. Princess Alice was a great champion of womens\u2019 causes and nursing as a career for women; she managed field hospitals during her lifetime and publicized her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No Fear Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet: Characters No Fear Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet: Characters [PAR] No Fear Shakespeare [PAR] Prologue [PAR] Romeo [PAR] The son and heir of Montague and Lady Montague. A young man of about sixteen, Romeo is handsome, intelligent, and sensitive. Though impulsive and immature, his idealism and passion make him an extremely likable character. He lives in the middle of a violent feud between his family and the Capulets, but he is not at all interested in violence. His only interest is love and he goes to extremes to prove the seriousness of his feelings. He secretly marries Juliet, the daughter of his father\u2019s worst enemy; he happily takes abuse from Tybalt; and he would rather die than live without his beloved. Romeo is also an affectionate and devoted friend to his relative Benvolio, Mercutio, and Friar Lawrence. [PAR] Juliet [PAR] The daughter of Capulet and Lady Capulet. A beautiful thirteen-year-old girl, Juliet begins the play as a na\u00efve child who has thought little about love and marriage, but she grows up quickly upon falling in love with Romeo, the son of her family\u2019s great enemy. Because she is a girl in an aristocratic family, she has none of the freedom Romeo has to roam around the city, climb over walls in the middle of the night, or get into swordfights. Nevertheless, she shows amazing courage in trusting her entire life and future to Romeo, even refusing to believe the worst reports about him after he gets involved in a fight with her cousin. Juliet\u2019s closest friend and confidant is her Nurse, though she\u2019s willing to shut the Nurse out of her life the moment the Nurse turns against Romeo. [PAR] Friar Lawrence [PAR] A Franciscan friar, friend to both Romeo and Juliet. Kind, civic-minded, a proponent of moderation, and always ready with a plan, Friar Lawrence secretly marries the impassioned lovers in hopes that the union might eventually bring peace to Verona. As well as being a Catholic holy man, Friar Lawrence is also an expert in the use of seemingly mystical potions and herbs. [PAR] Mercutio [PAR] A kinsman to the Prince, and Romeo\u2019s close friend. One of the most extraordinary characters in all of Shakespeare\u2019s plays, Mercutio overflows with imagination, wit, and, at times, a strange, biting satire and brooding fervor. Mercutio loves wordplay, especially sexual double entendres. He can be quite hotheaded, and hates people who are affected, pretentious, or obsessed with the latest fashions. He finds Romeo\u2019s romanticized ideas about love tiresome, and tries to convince Romeo to view love as a simple matter of sexual appetite. [PAR] The Nurse [PAR] Juliet\u2019s nurse, the woman who breast-fed Juliet when she was a baby and has cared for Juliet her entire life. A vulgar, long-winded, and sentimental character, the Nurse provides comic relief with her frequently inappropriate remarks and speeches. But, until a disagreement near the play\u2019s end, the Nurse is Juliet\u2019s faithful confidante and loyal intermediary in Juliet\u2019s affair with Romeo. She provides a contrast with Juliet, given that her view of love is earthy and sexual, whereas Juliet is idealistic and intense. The Nurse believes in love and wants Juliet to have a nice-looking husband, but the idea that Juliet would want to sacrifice herself for love is incomprehensible to her. [PAR] Tybalt [PAR] A Capulet, Juliet\u2019s cousin on her mother\u2019s side. Vain, fashionable, supremely aware of courtesy and the lack of it, he becomes aggressive, violent, and quick to draw his sword when he feels his pride has been injured. Once drawn, his sword is something to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2. Sir Walter Raleigh's Cloak - 10 Historical ... 2. Sir Walter Raleigh's Cloak - 10 Historical Misconceptions | HowStuffWorks [PAR] 2 [PAR] Sir Walter Raleigh's Cloak [PAR] The story goes that Sir Walter Raleigh laid his cloak over a mud puddle to keep Queen Elizabeth I from getting her feet wet. Raleigh did catch the queen's attention in 1581 when he urged England to conquer Ireland. The queen rewarded him with extensive landholdings in England and Ireland, knighted him in 1584, and named him captain of the queen's guard two years later. [PAR] However, an illicit affair with one of the queen's maids of honor in 1592 did him in. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London and ultimately beheaded for treachery. The story of the cloak and the mud puddle probably originated with historian Thomas Fuller, who was known for embellishing facts."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955) - IMDb Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955) [PAR] Author: James Hitchcock [PAR] from Tunbridge Wells, England [PAR] \"Love is a Many-Splendored Thing\" is set in Hong Kong in 1949-50, and tells the story of the relationship between Mark Elliott, a white American journalist, and Han Suyin, a half-Chinese half-European doctor. This story of a mixed-race love affair was quite a daring theme for the fifties, and, as it often did, Hollywood tried to soften the blow by casting a white actress as the supposedly non-Caucasian woman who falls in love with a white man, something that would be regarded as politically incorrect today but was quite acceptable then.. (Think, for example, of the casting of Ava Gardner in \"Show Boat\" or Natalie Wood in \"West Side Story\") The setting of the story in a British colony was also perhaps a way of exploring racial issues in a way that would cause less controversy in America. Suyin loses her job in a Hong Kong hospital because her British superiors take exception to the fact that she is dating a white man, whom she is unable to marry because his estranged wife will not grant him a divorce. As was sometimes the case, European colonialism was made the whipping-boy for some of America's own failings. Imagine the furore that would have been unleashed had a similar film been made about a black or mixed-race woman doctor in a hospital in Alabama. [PAR] Besides racial issues, the film also raises questions of international politics, referring to both the Communist seizure of power in China and the outbreak of the Korean War. Han Suyin was a real person and a well-known author of the period; in reality she tended to support Mao's Communist regime, but here she is shown as firmly anti-Communist. This is not, however, primarily an \"issue\" movie about either racialism or politics, but rather a romance, a good example of what would have been known at the time as a \"woman's picture\". Such films, although mostly made by male directors, were mostly aimed at female audiences. They dealt with love and romance- often unhappy romance- from the woman's point of view, and had a strong female character in the leading role. The genre often provided roles for actresses older than the heroines of standard romances. Earlier examples were normally in monochrome, but by the fifties they generally, as here, used lush, sumptuous colour. [PAR] Although a Chinese or Eurasian actress would have been more convincing in the role, Jennifer Jones, does a very good job as Suyin. I found William Holden, as Mark, rather uncharismatic, but this does not matter much as Suyin is very much the dominant figure. She is screen much more than Mark, and the film examines her family and professional life much more than it does his. Although Jennifer was still strikingly beautiful, she was in her mid-thirties, rather older than most romantic heroines of films of this period. Holden was about the same age, unusually for the fifties when \"boy-meets-girl\" often meant \"older man meets girl\". [PAR] The film is not particularly profound, but is well-made with some attractive photography, particularly of Hong Kong itself, reflecting the growing trend in the fifties for shooting on location rather than on studio sets. Seldom can Hong Kong have looked so beautiful; the view from a hill overlooking the city takes on a special meaning, as this is where Suyin and Mark go for their romantic assignments. The overall mood is one of poignant, doomed romance, a mood heightened by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Young Queen Elizabeth the II - Edelweiss Patterns The Young Queen Elizabeth - Royal Gowns From The 1950s | Edelweiss Patterns Blog [PAR] The Young Queen Elizabeth [PAR] Posted by Edelweiss Patterns on June 6, 2012 [PAR] This weekend as the world celebrated 60 years of Queen Elizabeth\u2019s reign, we\u2019ve had a wonderful chance to look back at how faithfully she and Prince Phillip have served the Commonwealth for the last six decades. Bright and chipper as ever, the Queen stills wears incredibly fashionable suits and hats, and insists that her umbrellas match each outfit. Her strikingly gorgeous white hair is styled in a curly coiffure reminiscent of the 1950s, and she is probably the only member of the Royal Family who sports bright red lipstick for every outing and event. So since we\u2019re all in the \u201cRoyal\u201d mood this week, I wanted to show some of my favorite pictures from her younger years and pass along a few things I learned about her wardrobe while studying in England. [PAR] The quintessential \"princess\" gown! [PAR] It has been said that Princess Elizabeth was rather conservative when it came to clothing choices, and while she was decidedly fashionable and chic she was certainly not a show-off. In the 1950s her evening gowns were always elaborately beaded and embroidered, but designed with a modest cut to befit a queen. A vast majority of her state banquet gowns were subdued hues of blue or cream, though on one grand occasion her childhood governess convinced her to wear red. This former nanny also recalled that in her teenage years she started making much more of a fuss about her appearance whenever Phillip arrived for a banquet or dance, though it wasn\u2019t until her twenty-first birthday that their engagement was officially announced. [PAR] The newly engaged couple had known each other for eight years before they could finally get married. [PAR] Princess Elizabeth first saw Phillip when she was thirteen years of age, and was determined to marry only him ever since. Eight years later, she was finally planning the royal wedding she had dreamed of but had to be careful of extravagance due to the post-war rationing. Norman Hartnell designed this sumptuous silk wedding gown with embroidered flower motifs, which is now on display at Buckingham Palace for the Diamond Jubilee exhibit. [PAR] Doesn't she look like a fairytale princess? [PAR] Here are a few fun facts about Elizabeth\u2019s wedding gown: [PAR] Princess Elizabeth may have been royalty, but she still had to adhere to ration regulations. So since her ration books alone would never have supplied the money for a royal wedding dress, dozens of other engaged girls from around the country sent her their wedding dress coupons from their own ration books. (In the end, the government did designate some financial support for the expense, but I think it was such a touching gesture from these brides-to-be!) [PAR] Norman Hartnell assigned the task of actually sewing the dress to one head seamstress and her three young assistants. [PAR] The girl who had to sew all the buttonholes down the back had never done buttonholes before! So after a crash-course in buttonholing she feverishly perfected the hand stitch on scraps on fabric before slicing into the actual dress. (She later explained that the dress had already been embroidered by this time, so if she had made a mistake it would have been catastrophic!) [PAR] Princess Elizabeth\u2019s wedding dress had a total of 10,000 seed pearls embroidered in flower motifs! Norman Hartnell was unable to find such a great quantity in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Meg Ryan - Biography - IMDb Meg Ryan - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 50 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (3) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trade Mark (2) | Trivia (33) | Personal Quotes (5) | Salary (5) [PAR] Overview (3) [PAR] Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra [PAR] Height [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Blond-haired, blue-eyed with an effervescent personality, Meg Ryan was born Margaret Mary Emily Hyra in Fairfield, Connecticut, to Susan (Duggan), an English teacher and one-time actress, and Harry Hyra, a math teacher. She has Polish, Irish, and German ancestry (\"Hyra\" is a Polish surname, and \"Ryan\" is her maternal grandmother's maiden name). Meg graduated from Bethel high school, Bethel in June 1979. Moving to New York, she attended New York University where she majored in journalism. To earn extra money while working on her degree, Meg went into acting using her new name Meg Ryan. In 1981, she had her big screen debut with a brief appearance as Candice Bergen 's daughter in George Cukor 's last film Rich and Famous (1981). She tried out and was cast as Betsy in the day time television soap As the World Turns (1956). She was part of the cast from 1982 to 1984. Meg also had a part in the television series One of the Boys (1982), but this show was soon canceled. In 1984, she moved to tinsel town and landed a job in the western Television Series Wildside (1985). Meg's small part in the blockbuster movie Top Gun (1986) led to her being cast in Steven Spielberg 's Innerspace (1987) where she co-starred with Dennis Quaid . She again co-starred with Quaid in the remake of D.O.A. (1988) and they married on Valentine's Day in 1991. In 1989, Meg appeared in When Harry Met Sally... (1989) and the scene at the restaurant became famous. Meg was nominated for both the Golden Globe and the BAFTA. In 1990, she co-starred with Tom Hanks in Joe Versus the Volcano (1990) and this time she played three roles as DeDe/Angelica/Patricia. She appeared again with Tom in the very successful Sleepless in Seattle (1993) for which she was again nominated for the Golden Globe. In 1994, Meg decided to act against type when she appeared as the alcoholic wife and mother in When a Man Loves a Woman (1994). After that, she went back to \"cute\" with both I.Q. (1994) and French Kiss (1995). In 1994, Meg won the Harvard Hasty Pudding Award as \"Woman of the Year\" and was voted as being one of \"The 50 most beautiful people in the world 1994\" by People Magazine. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Tony Fontana <tony.fontana@spacebbs.com> [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] Trivia (33) [PAR] Graduated from Bethel High School. Was Prom Queen. [1979] [PAR] Ranked #57 in Premiere (USA) magazine's \"The 100 Most Powerful People in Hollywood\" list. [June 1999] [PAR] Ranked #59 on Entertainment Weekly's most powerful people in Hollywood [1998] [PAR] Voted most favorite female movie star by the readers and online users of the \"People Weekly Magazine\" [April 1998] [PAR] Ranked #94 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. [October 1997] [PAR] Began Prufrock Pictures in 1994. Then in 2000, Prufrock Pictures was shut down. [PAR] Met actor Anthony Edwards during the making of the film Top Gun (1986) and moved in with him. They were a couple until she met actor Dennis Quaid during the film Innerspace (1987), and she moved in with and eventually married him."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Champagne: France, History of Champagne, Dom Perignon ... Champagne: France, History of Champagne, Dom Perignon | Into Wine [PAR] Home [PAR] Champagne: France, History of Champagne, Dom Perignon [PAR] Champagne has launched thousands of ships, toasted billions of weddings and special occasions, flutes attended countless parties, and shared untold special moments between two people. Champagne is the wine of celebration. No other wine is so associated with joy and festivity. Its meaning and appeal are universal. Champagne makes the young sages and the old young again. [PAR] Champagne has exported its techniques around the world. Sparkling wines are made the world over, but here we will explore the sparkling wines from the north of France called Champagne. [PAR] Pronunciation Guide [PAR] C\u00f4te des Blancs [coat deh blahn] [PAR] Dosage [doh-SAHJ] [PAR] Montagne de Reims [mohn-tahn-yuh duh rem] [PAR] Vall\u00e9e de la Marne [val-ay duh lah marn] [PAR] The History of Champagne [PAR] Champagne was a region long before it was a sparkling wine. The region lies at a crossroads of northern Europe \u2013 the river valleys leading south to the Mediterranean and north to Paris, the English Channel and Western Germany \u2013 and thus has been the setting of many dramatic events in the history of the French nation. As a convenient access point, it has been for hundreds of years, the chosen path of many invaders including Attila the Hun. The Hundred Years' War and the Thirty Years' War brought repeated destruction to the region as armies marched back and forth across its landscape. By the 17th century, the city of Reims has seen destruction seven times and Epernay no less than twenty-five times. [PAR] But crossroads also bring trade. Champagne gained importance in its own right, during the middle ages as a center of European trade. The medieval counts of C [PAR] hampagne were wise enough to encourage commerce and strong enough to protect the traveling merchants. They created the then famous, Fairs of Champagne. Though these fairs were mainly about cloth, they were of obvious benefit for the wines of Champagne as it gave them easy exposure and access to important wine markets. [PAR] Champagne also benefited when the cathedral at Reims was chosen in 987 AD, as the coronation site for the French king Hugh Capet and establishing Reims as the spiritual capital of medieval France. In fact, thirty-seven kings of France were crowned there between 816 and 1825. The monasteries in Champagne with the economic assistance of the crown, were to make wine production a serious venture until the French Revolution in 1789. [PAR] Before the mid-1600's there was no Champagne as we think of it. For centuries the wines were still wines and were held in high regard by the nobility of Europe. But the cool climate of the region and its effect on the wine making process was to play an important part in changing all of that. [PAR] We owe a lot to Dom P\u00e9rignon as any inventor owes those who have come before him. He is not however the inventor of champagne as is often thought. Pierre P\u00e9rignon was a Benedictine monk who, in 1688, was appointed treasurer at the Abby of Hautvillers. The Abby is located near Epernay. Included in Dom P\u00e9rignon's duties was the management of the cellars and wine making. The bubbles in the wine are a natural process arising from Champagne's cold climate and short growing season. Of necessity, the grapes are picked late in the year. This doesn't leave enough time for the yeasts present on the grape skins to convert the sugar in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Simpsons Life Lessons (Season 4 \u2013 Part 2) | Capricorn City The Simpsons Life Lessons (Season 4 \u2013 Part 2) | Capricorn City [PAR] The Simpsons Life Lessons (Season 4 \u2013 Part 2) [PAR] by James Bullock [PAR] (Make sure you read part one ) It\u2019s been over twenty years since I can remember the first time I saw Matt Groening\u2019s \u201ccrudely drawn\u201d family of five deal with the almost surreal problems that life seemingly presents on a daily basis. From that moment I laid my eyes on \u201cThe Simpsons\u201d I became enamored and, eventually, a life-long fan (more than likely I\u2019ll be re-watching episodes when I\u2019m old enough to shout at clouds). During my time as a \u201cSimpsons\u201d viewer I\u2019ve discovered many relatable life lessons that I plan to share with you. Welcome to \u201cThe Simpsons Life Lesson\u201d series (season four \u2013 part two). [PAR] [PAR] An Iguana Can Be a Better Kid (Episode 13: \u201cSelma\u2019s Choice\u201d) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Death certainly has a way of making someone understand what\u2019s missing in his or her life. For Marge\u2019s sister Selma, the passing of her great aunt Gladys Bouvier (who had the facial features of Marge\u2019s twin sisters and was confused for being a man by the minister performing the eulogy) reminded her just how similar she was to the woman she and her twin Patty unknowingly modeled their lives after. Aunt Gladys never married, had children, and eventually died with nothing to show for her life but a collection of potato chips that looked like celebrities, her iguana \u201cJub Jub\u201d and a message for her nieces, \u201cDon\u2019t die like me. Raise a family and do it now!\u201d [PAR] [PAR] \u201cNow, now, now!\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Selma quickly went on an adventure to find that special someone that she could have a child with, be it in the supermarket or even at work \u2013 leading to a date with the mutant-like creature everyone had come to know as \u201cHans Moleman\u201d. Things just didn\u2019t work out for Selma, but she did have a chance to test out her parenting skills when Homer ate himself sick and couldn\u2019t take his kids to Duff Gardens (an entire theme park based around the idea of promoting Duff Beer. Yes, children were allowed to enter). Selma was in over her head to state the least. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] After Lisa took a sip of the water during their riding of \u201cLittle Land of Duff\u201d (the show\u2019s take on Disney World\u2019s \u201cIt\u2019s a Small World\u201d) and started hallucinating prior to stripping and declaring herself the \u201cLizard Queen\u201d, Bart got stuck on a roller coaster not meant for children under the height of four feet; having to be rescued. Distraught and disappointed, Selma settled for taking care of Jub Jub a la \u201cMurphy Brown has a Baby\u201d. Sometimes having kids just isn\u2019t all that it\u2019s cracked up to be; especially when you take the rambunctious offsprings of a glutton to an alcoholic-themed amusement park. [PAR] [PAR] Be Careful Who You Choo-Choo-Choose (Episode 15: \u201cI Love Lisa\u201d) [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Valentine\u2019s Day had arrived and the children of Springfield Elementary had the opportunity to either showcase affection or ostracize their fellow students by handing out Valentine\u2019s Day cards. After creating paper mailboxes to store the cards (\u201cIsn\u2019t that just pointless busy work?\u201d \u2013 Lisa Simpson; \u201cBull\u2019s-eye,\u201d \u2013 Lisa\u2019s teacher Ms. Hoover in response) and handing out cards to their current interests, Lisa turned to find Ralph Wiggum \u2013 son of Springfield\u2019s incompetent police chief \u2013 card-less and crying. Lisa felt sorry for the poor boy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sweets to the sweet - Shakespeare Quotes - eNotes.com Sweets to the sweet - eNotes Shakespeare Quotes [PAR] Sweets to the sweet [PAR] [Scattering flowers] Sweets to the sweet, farewell! [PAR] I hop'd thou shouldst have been my Hamlet's wife: [PAR] I thought thy bride-bed to have deck'd, sweet maid, [PAR] And not have strew'd thy grave. [PAR] Read on Owl Eyes [PAR] This eText is now on Owl Eyes. Clicking this link will open a new window. [PAR] When Hamlet's mother, the queen, delivers \"Sweets to the sweet,\" she's not bearing a hostess gift or offering candy to her date. The queen's \"sweets\" are funeral bouquets scattered in the grave of Ophelia, Hamlet's former flame. [PAR] The prince, who has just finished addressing the skull of Yorick [see ALAS, POOR YORICK ], stumbles upon the funeral, ignorant that Ophelia has likely committed suicide. The murder of her father had driven Ophelia mad; Hamlet was the murderer, and the queen a witness. This is all bad enough. But the queen's elegiac nostalgia for her son's courtship of this deceased \"sweet\" is all the more disturbing in light of Hamlet's somewhat over-arduous attachment to his mother. [PAR] It's therefore ironic that \"sweets to the sweet\" has become a corny quotation for those special romantic moments. How effective the line proves depends on how vividly one's \"sweet\" is likely to recall the graveyard scene in Hamlet . You might, however, find these bons mots most winning when offered with a willow branch and a whiff of charm to a soon-to-be-insignificant other."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts and information about Saint Valentine's Day Traditions Facts and information about Saint Valentine's Day Traditions [PAR] This site uses cookies. See our Cookie Policy for information [PAR] Valentine's Day [PAR] [PAR] Valentine's Day (Saint Valentine's Day) is an occasion celebrated on February 14. It is the traditional day on which people express their love for each other by sending Valentine's cards, presenting flowers, or offering confectionery. [PAR] Who is St. Valentine? [PAR] There were many Christians names Valentine. According to the Catholic Encyclopaedia, at least three Saint Valentines are mentioned who are associated with 14 February. One is described as a priest at Rome, another as a Bishop of Interamna (now Terni in Italy) and the other lived and died in Africa. [PAR] The Valentine that most experts believe is the actual one remembered on St. Valentine's Day was a Roman who was martyred for refusing to give up Christianity. [PAR] What happens on Valentines day in Britain? [PAR] Each year in Britain, we spend around \u00a3503m on cards, flowers, chocolates and other gifts for Valentine's Day. Traditionally these were sent anonymously, but nowadays we often make it clear who is sending each 'Valentine'. [PAR] Valentine's Day Superstitions & Traditions [PAR] Traditionally, spring begins on St Valentine's Day (February 14th), the day on which birds chose their mates. In parts of Sussex Valentines Day was called 'the Birds' Wedding Day'. [PAR] There are many other traditions and superstitions associated with romance activities on Valentine's day including: [PAR] the first man an unmarried woman saw on 14th February would be her future husband; [PAR] if the names of all a girl's suitors were written on paper and wrapped in clay and the clay put into water, the piece that rose to the surface first would contain the name of her husband-to-be. [PAR] if a woman saw a robin flying overhead on Valentine\u2019s Day, it meant she would marry a sailor. If she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be very happy. If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a rich person. [PAR] In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear these names on their sleeves for one week. [PAR] In Wales wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on February 14th. Hearts, keys and keyholes were favourite decorations on the spoons. The decoration meant, \"You unlock my heart!\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Collateral Damage (2002) - IMDb Collateral Damage (2002) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After his family is killed by a terrorist act, a firefighter goes in search of the one responsible. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $0.99 (HD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Naomie Harris Shines In Floral Rosie Assoulin Dress At \u2018Collateral Beauty\u2019 Premiere [PAR] 14 December 2016 8:58 AM, -08:00 | Uinterview [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 30 Oct 2010 [PAR] a list of 24 images [PAR] created 02 Mar 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 10 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 23 May 2014 [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 16 Nov 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Collateral Damage \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A Witness Protection specialist becomes suspicious of his co-workers when dealing with a case involving high-tech weapons. [PAR] Director: Chuck Russell [PAR] Futuristic action about a man who meets a clone of himself and stumbles into a grand conspiracy about clones taking over the world. [PAR] Director: Roger Spottiswoode [PAR] At the end of the century, Satan visits New York in search of a bride. It's up to an ex-cop who now runs an elite security outfit to stop him. [PAR] Director: Peter Hyams [PAR] A tough Russian policeman is forced to partner up with a cocky Chicago police detective when he is sent to Chicago to apprehend a Georgian drug lord who killed his partner and fled the country. [PAR] Director: Walter Hill [PAR] A former FBI agent turned small-town sheriff agrees to help the FBI chief infiltrate the Chicago mafia when the FBI chief's son is killed by them. [PAR] Director: John Irvin [PAR] With the help of a magic ticket, a young film fan is transported into the fictional world of his favorite action film character. [PAR] Director: John McTiernan [PAR] A physically perfect but innocent man goes in search of his long-lost twin brother, who is a short small-time crook. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] A tough cop must pose as a kindergarten teacher in order to locate a dangerous criminal's ex-wife, who may hold the key to putting him behind bars. [PAR] Director: Ivan Reitman [PAR] A retired elite Black Ops Commando launches a one man war against a group of South American criminals who have kidnapped his daughter . [PAR] Director: Mark L. Lester [PAR] A fearless, globe-trotting, terrorist-battling secret agent has his life turned upside down when he discovers his wife might be having an affair with a used car salesman. [PAR] Director: James Cameron [PAR] Conan leads a ragtag group of adventurers on a quest for a princess. [PAR] Director: Richard Fleischer [PAR] A wrongly convicted man must try to survive a public execution gauntlet staged as a game show. [PAR] Director: Paul Michael Glaser [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Firefighter Gordon Brewer is plunged into the complex and dangerous world of international terrorism after he loses his wife and child in a bombing credited to Claudio \"The Wolf\" Perrini. Frustrated with the official investigation and haunted by the thought that the man responsible"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scrabble - Letter Tile Games Wiki - Wikia Scrabble | Letter Tile Games Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Letter Tile Games Wiki [PAR] Scrabble brand logo by Mattel, Inc., used throughout the rest of the world [PAR] |250px]] [PAR] No Title [PAR] No information [PAR] Scrabble is a word game in which two to four players score points by forming words from individual lettered tiles on a game board marked with a 15-by-15 grid. The words are formed across and down in crossword fashion and must appear in a standard dictionary . Official reference works (e.g. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary ) provide a list of permissible words. The Collins Scrabble checker can also be used to check if a word is allowed. [1] [PAR] The name Scrabble is a trademark of Hasbro, Inc. in the United States and Canada. Elsewhere, Scrabble is trademarked by Mattel . The game is sold in 121 countries; there are 29 different language versions. One hundred and fifty million sets have been sold worldwide, and sets are found in roughly one-third of American homes. [2] [3] [4] [PAR] Contents [PAR] File:Alfred Butts letter frequencies.JPG [PAR] In 1938, architect Alfred Mosher Butts created the game as a variation on an earlier word game he invented called Lexiko . The two games had the same set of letter tiles, whose distributions and point values Butts worked out meticulously performing a frequency analysis of letters from various sources including The New York Times . The new game, which he called \"Criss-Crosswords,\" added the 15-by-15 game board and the crossword-style game play. He manufactured a few sets himself, but was not successful in selling the game to any major game manufacturers of the day. [5] [PAR] In 1948, James Brunot, [6] a resident of Newtown, Connecticut \u2013 and one of the few owners of the original Criss-Crosswords game \u2013 bought the rights to manufacture the game in exchange for granting Butts a royalty on every unit sold. Though he left most of the game (including the distribution of letters) unchanged, Brunot slightly rearranged the \"premium\" squares of the board and simplified the rules; he also changed the name of the game to \"Scrabble,\" a real word which means \"to scratch frantically.\" In 1949, Brunot and his family made sets in a converted former schoolhouse in Dodgingtown , a section of Newtown. They made 2,400 sets that year, but lost money. [7] According to legend, Scrabble's big break came in 1952 when Jack Straus, president of Macy's , played the game on vacation. Upon returning from vacation, he was surprised to find that his store did not carry the game. He placed a large order and within a year, \"everyone had to have one.\" [8] In 1952, unable to meet demand himself, Brunot sold manufacturing rights to Long Island-based Selchow and Righter (one of the manufacturers who, like Parker Brothers and Milton Bradley Company , had previously rejected the game). Selchow & Righter bought the trademark to the game in 1972. [9] JW Spears began selling the game in Australia and the UK on January 19, 1955. The company is now a subsidiary of Mattel , Inc. [5] In 1986, Selchow and Righter sold the game to Coleco , who soon after went bankrupt. The company's assets, including Scrabble and Parcheesi , were purchased by Hasbro . [9] [PAR] In 1984, Scrabble was turned into a daytime game show on NBC . Scrabble ran from July 1984 to March 1990, with a second run from January to June 1993. The show was hosted by Chuck"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Epitaph to a Dog | Academy of American Poets Epitaph to a Dog - Poems | Academy of American Poets [PAR] Academy of American Poets [PAR] The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy\u2019s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. [PAR] browse poems & poets [PAR] sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox [PAR] sign up [PAR] poem [PAR] About this poet [PAR] George Gordon Byron was born on January 22, 1788, in Aberdeen, Scotland, and inherited his family's English title at the age of ten, becoming Baron Byron of Rochdale. Abandoned by his father at an early age and resentful of his mother, who he blamed for his being born with a deformed foot, Byron isolated himself during his youth and was deeply unhappy. Though he was the heir to an idyllic estate, the property was run down and his family had no assets with which to care for it. As a teenager, Byron discovered that he was attracted to men as well as women, which made him all the more remote and secretive. [PAR] He studied at Aberdeen Grammar School and then Trinity College in Cambridge. During this time Byron collected and published his first volumes of poetry. The first, published anonymously and titled Fugitive Pieces, was printed in 1806 and contained a miscellany of poems, some of which were written when Byron was only fourteen. As a whole, the collection was considered obscene, in part because it ridiculed specific teachers by name, and in part because it contained frank, erotic verses. At the request of a friend, Byron recalled and burned all but four copies of the book, then immediately began compiling a revised version\u2014though it was not published during his lifetime. The next year, however, Byron published his second collection, Hours of Idleness, which contained many of his early poems, as well as significant additions, including poems addressed to John Edelston, a younger boy whom Byron had befriended and deeply loved. [PAR] By Byron's twentieth birthday, he faced overwhelming debt. Though his second collection received an initially favorable response, a disturbingly negative review was printed in January of 1808, followed by even more scathing criticism a few months later. His response was a satire, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, which received mixed attention. Publicly humiliated and with nowhere else to turn, Byron set out on a tour of the Mediterranean, traveling with a friend to Portugal, Spain, Albania, Turkey, and finally Athens. Enjoying his new-found sexual freedom, Byron decided to stay in Greece after his friend returned to England, studying the language and working on a poem loosely based on his adventures. Inspired by the culture and climate around him, he later wrote to his sister, \"If I am a poet ... the air of Greece has made me one.\" [PAR] Byron returned to England in the summer of 1811 having completed the opening cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, a poem which tells the story of a world-weary young man looking for meaning in the world. When the first two cantos were published in March of 1812, the expensive first printing sold out in three days. Byron reportedly said, \"I"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Professional wrestler - Pro Wrestling - Wikia Professional wrestler | Pro Wrestling | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Rules [PAR] The simulated nature of professional wrestling is only one of the many differences it has with traditional wrestling. Other differences can vary from company to company. [PAR] The assigned referee is often the one who controls the outcome of the match barring certain matches with special rules or for storyline reasons. A common storyline angle of this is a promotion owner or other high official modifying the stipulations of a match to invalidate a referee's decision, such as declaring it a no-disqualification match after a wrestler wins by disqualification. A \"motto\" in the pro-wrestling world used to describe the interpretation of the rules (actually more like loose guidelines) is: \"You can't call what you don't see\", implying that anything is justified as long as the referee doesn't see. This is often used as a plot twist to drastically change the momentum in a match. One of the better-known occurrences has a referee being \"accidentally\" knocked senseless or thrown outside of the ring (often referred to as a \"ref bump\"). While he's stunned, one wrestler, usually a face , will suddenly have the match won, only to then have it robbed from them via outside interference, the use of a foreign object, or some other unfair means. The referee, unaware of what happened, will recover just in time to notice a pin that reflects the new situation, and make an arduous three-count . A variation on this finish, the \"Dusty finish\" (after Dusty Rhodes , who frequently used such finishes as a booker), has the substitute referee making the three-count in favor of the face, only to have it overturned by the original referee. In addition to pinfall, a match can be won by submission , count-out , disqualification , or failure to answer a ten count. [PAR] Punching is permitted as long as the wrestler's fist is open. This is probably the most ignored rule in WWE, as referees almost never disqualify a wrestler for throwing closed-fist punches. Instead, the referee simply admonishes the wrestler to stop, which is rarely successful. In addition, wrestlers may only kick with the flat part of the foot, and \"low blow\" only refers to actually striking the crotch. If either wrestler is in contact with the ropes or if any part of the wrestler is underneath the ropes, all contact between the wrestlers must be broken before the count of five. This strategy is often used in order to escape from a submission hold , and also, more seldom, a wrestler can place his foot on (or under) the ropes to avoid losing by pinfall. Participants may try to abuse these rules, and it will often result in verbal or physical sparring with the ref. [PAR] Pinfall [PAR] In order to win by pinfall , a wrestler must pin both his opponent's shoulders against the mat while the referee slaps the mat three times. This is the most common form of defeat. If a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat) and any portion of the opponent's person is laying over the fallen man, it is completely legal for the three count to be made. Illegal pinning methods include using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's tights, therefore they are popular cheating methods for heels . Such pins as these are rarely, if ever, seen by the referee and are subsequently often used by heels and on occasion by cheating faces to win matches."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FREE BYRD | tribute-band.com - tribute band directory for ... FREE BYRD | tribute-band.com - tribute band directory for tribute bands [PAR] FREE BYRD [PAR] Shinelle Reid \" Hawkins \" [PAR] Back Up Singer [PAR] FREE BYRD is an authentic 10 piece Classic Skynyrd Tribute band and we put on a concert style show. Our goal is to showcase it in venues across North America and the world. [PAR] FREE BYRD is unique in the fact that most of our band members resemble & sound like the 1977 line up,\" Scary in Fact \" [PAR] FREE BYRD is Canada's only authentic Lynyrd Skynyrd tribute band and we are based in Calgary, AB. We derived our inspiration from our love of classic Lynyrd Skynyrd as well as the current Skynyrd line-up and their new God and Guns album. [PAR] FREE BYRD is new in the last year and has come together in amazing time. Our players each have well over 20 years experience and are working with each other as though they have played together for years. [PAR] We highly respect the musical maturity of Lynyrd Skynyrd\u2019s brand of Southern Rock. We are very excited to be able to make the live version of this music more accessible in Canada and across the globe.Book us for the experience of walking back into time, that will last a life time.[DOC] [TLE] Free Byrd - Tribute To Lynyrd Skynyrd - Lynyrd Skynyrd ... Free Byrd - Tribute To Lynyrd Skynyrd - Lynyrd Skynyrd Tribute Band Calgary, AB [PAR] Free Byrd - Tribute To Lynyrd Skynyrd [PAR] > [PAR] >Free Byrd - Tribute To Lynyrd Skynyrd [PAR] Free Byrd - Tribute To Lynyrd Skynyrd Lynyrd Skynyrd Tribute Band from Calgary, AB [PAR] MEMBER SINCE 2011 [PAR] BACKGROUND VERIFIED [PAR] $2500 - $10000 per event [PAR] FREE BYRD is an authentic 10 piece Classic Lynyrd Skynyrd Tribute band and we put on a concert style show. Our goal is to showcase it in venues across North America and the world. [PAR] FREE BYRD is unique in the fact that most of our band members resemble & sound like the 1977 line up,\" Scary in Fact \" [PAR] FREE BYRD is Canada's only authentic Lynyrd Skynyrd tribute band and we are based in Calgary, AB. We derived our inspiration from our love of classic Lynyrd Skynyrd as well as the current Skynyrd line-up and their new God and Guns album. [PAR] FREE BYRD is new in the last year and has come together in amazing time. Our players each have well over 20 years experience and are working with each other as though they have played together for years, plus we have our own personal sound & lighting techs. [PAR] We highly respect the musical maturity of Lynyrd Skynyrd's brand of Southern Rock. We are very excited to be able to make the live version of this music more accessible in Canada and across the globe.Book us for the experience of walking back into time, that will last a life time. [PAR] \" Till then keep it southern \" [PAR] (more)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cast Revealed for The Da Vinci Code Sequel Inferno ... Cast Revealed for The Da Vinci Code Sequel Inferno! - ComingSoon.net [PAR] Cast Revealed for The Da Vinci Code Sequel Inferno! [PAR] February 17, 2015 [PAR] SHARE [PAR] Columbia Pictures has just revealed the full cast of the upcoming Inferno , the third film in the franchise that launched with The Da Vinci Code in 2006 and continued with Angels & Demons in 2009. Ron Howard returns as both director and producer with Tom Hanks set to reprise his role as Robert Langdon opposite Oscar nominee Felicity Jones (The Theory of Everything) as Dr. Sienna Brooks, Irrfan Khan (Life of Pi) as Harry Sims (also known as The Provost), Omar Sy (The Intouchables) as Christoph Bruder and Sidse Babett Knudsen (\u201cBorgen\u201d) as Dr. Elizabeth Sinskey, the head of the World Health Organization. The filmmakers \u2014 which also includes returning producer Brian Grazer \u2014 are also in talks with several other internationally-recognized actors for major roles. [PAR] The Imagine Entertainment production, which has a screenplay by David Koepp based on the book by Dan Brown, is slated for release on October 14, 2016 and will begin principal photography at the end of April. The project\u2019s executive producers include Dan Brown, Anna Culp, Bill Connor, and David Householter. [PAR] Inferno continues the Harvard symbologist\u2019s adventures on screen: when Robert Langdon wakes up in an Italian hospital with amnesia, he teams up with Sienna Brooks, a doctor he hopes will help him recover his memories and prevent a madman from releasing a global plague connected to Dante\u2019s immortal tome. [PAR] \u201cFor this film, I wanted Tom Hanks to be surrounded by an international cast of actors whose energy will underscore Robert Langdon\u2019s life-or-death peril,\u201d Howard explains, \u201cthe high-stakes action he takes, and the global threat that he\u2019s trying to prevent. Felicity, Irrfan, Omar, and Sidse have all broken through with recognition here in America as well as their home countries \u2013 they are phenomenal talents and we can\u2019t wait to get started.\u201d [PAR] \u201cWe\u2019re thrilled to be making a third Robert Langdon film with Ron, Tom and Brian,\u201d adds Doug Belgrad, President, Sony Pictures Entertainment Motion Picture Group. \u201c\u2018Inferno\u2019 will deliver all of the excitement, intrigue and international adventure that audiences expect from a film based on Dan Brown\u2019s huge selling Langdon book series. We can\u2019t wait to see this character back on the big screen.\u201d [PAR] Michael De Luca and Andrea Giannetti are overseeing the project for Columbia Pictures. [PAR] You can check out official announcement photos of the new cast in the gallery viewer below: [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Robert Langdon (Tom Hanks) and Sienna (Felicity Jones) run for their lives through Boboli Gardens in Columbia Pictures' INFERNO. [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Robert Langdon (Tom Hanks) in the Hall of 500, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence in Columbia Pictures' INFERNO. [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Langdon (Tom Hanks) and Sienna (Felicity Jones) make their way through St. Marks Square in Venice in Columbia Pictures' INFERNO. [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Bouchard convinces Langdon (Tom Hanks) and Sienna (Felicity Jones) to trust him in Columbia Pictures' INFERNO. [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Langdon (Tom Hanks) and Sienna (Felicity Jones) run for their lives through Boboli Gardens, Florence in Columbia Pictures' INFERNO. [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Sinskey (Sidse Babett Knudsen) and Robert Langdon (Tom Hanks) analyze Dante's text in Columbia Pictures' INFERNO. [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Langdon (Tom Hanks) and Sienna (Felicity Jones) make their way through St. Marks Square in Venice in Columbia Pictures' INFERNO. [PAR] Inferno [PAR] Langdon (Tom Hanks) and Sienna (Felicity Jones) discover Dante's Death Mask in the Baptistry"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bingo Number Names History And Meanings Part 3: Calls 46 - 90 Bingo Number Names History And Meanings Part 3: Calls 46 - 90 - Bingo History - Playing Bingo [PAR] 48. Four dozen [PAR] 49. Rise and Shine, PC 49, Copper, Nick-Nick. [PAR] \u2018PC 49\u2019 is taken from the popular radio show that was broadcast by the BBC from 1947 to 1953: \u2018Incidents in the career of Police Constable Archibald Berkeley-Willoughby\u2019. This call, unlike the call for 22, \u2018PC Parker\u2019 has evolved over time to become \u2018Copper\u2019, and later to borrow the working class comedian Jim Davidson\u2019s catch phrase \u2018Nick Nick\u2019 (c.1977). [PAR] 50. Blind fifty. [PAR] Bull\u2019s Eye (on a dart board). [PAR] 51. The Highland Div[ision], Tweak of the Thumb, I Love My Mum. [PAR] The 51st Highland Division was a first line division of the territorial force, formed in 1908. They saw continuous front-line action during the First World War. [ 1 ] The other two calls here are rhymes. [PAR] 52. The Lowland Div[ision], Danny La Rue, Weeks of the Year. [PAR] The 52nd were a Territorial Army division and saw action in the first and second world wars. Danny La Rue became famous in the early 1960s as a glamorous drag artist and entertainer, especially on the BBC television programme \u2018The Good Old Days\u2019. [PAR] 53. The Welsh Div[ision], Stuck in the Tree. [PAR] The 53rd were a Territorial Army division and saw action in the First and Second World Wars. [PAR] 54. Clean the Floor. [PAR] A simple rhyme. [PAR] 55. All the fives, Snakes Alive. [PAR] Snakes Alive was a phrase used in American comic strips of the inter-war and immediate post-war era, including in Little Orphan Annie. [PAR] 56. Five and Six. [PAR] 57. Heinz Varieties, All the Beans, Heinz. [PAR] Heinz canned products have been available in Britain throughout the twentieth century. The \u2018Heinz 57 Varieties\u2019 slogan was first used in 1896. The origin of the slogan was an advertisement for \u201821 styles of shoes\u2019. Henry John Heinz thought he could adopt a similar slogan but that his own products were varieties. The number 57 does not relate to the number of products made by the company, which was greater than 57 even in 1896, but rather to the significance of the 5 and 7 to Henry Heinz and his wife. [ 2 ] [PAR] 58. Make them Wait. [PAR] A simple rhyme. [PAR] 59. The Brighton Line. [PAR] This call also survives, although seemingly only in the south of England. It was heard in Folkestone and Margate during July 2002. The call has Royal Navy origins: The LBSG fare from Portsmouth to London was 5/9. [PAR] 60. Blind sixty, Three Score. [PAR] 61. Baker\u2019s Bun. [PAR] A simple rhyme. [PAR] 62. Turn of the Screw, Tickety-boo, To Waterloo. [PAR] \u2018To Waterloo\u2019 is a Royal Navy call; the LSW fare from Portsmouth to London was 6/2. Tickety-boo is army slang for something being satisfactory, and was first recorded in 1939. [ 3 ] \u2018Turn of the Screw\u2019 was a popular novella first published in 1898. [PAR] 63. Tickle Me. [PAR] A simple rhyme. [PAR] 64. Red Raw, When I\u2019m Sixty-Four, The Beatles Number. [PAR] Red Raw is one of the many rhyming calls with no particular origin; the other two calls have origins in the 1960s, with the song \u2018When I\u2019m Sixty-Four\u2019 released by The Beatles in 1967. [PAR] 65. Old Age Pension, Stop Work. [PAR] The Contributory Pensions Act (1925) introduced a 10s per week pension for manual workers and those earning up to \u00a3250 per year."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Play Chess: Rules & Basics - Chess.com How to Play Chess: Rules and Basics - Chess.com [PAR] Chess.com [PAR] Forums [PAR] Learn to Play Chess [PAR] It's never too late to learn how to play chess - the most popular game in the world! If you are totally new to the game or even want to learn all of the rules and strategies, read on! [PAR] Getting Better at Chess [PAR] History of Chess [PAR] The origins of chess are not exactly clear, though most believe it evolved from earlier chess-like games played in India almost two thousand years ago.The game of chess we know today has been around since the 15th century where it became popular in Europe. [PAR] The Goal of Chess [PAR] Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king. Checkmate happens when the king is in a position to be captured (in check) and cannot escape from capture. [PAR] Starting a Game [PAR] At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has the white (or light) color square in the bottom right-hand side. The chess pieces are then arranged the same way each time. The second row (or rank) is filled with pawns. The rooks go in the corners, then the knights next to them, followed by the bishops, and finally the queen, who always goes on her own matching color (white queen on white, black queen on black), and the king on the remaining square. [PAR] The player with the white pieces always moves first. Therefore, players generally decide who will get to be white by chance or luck such as flipping a coin or having one player guess the color of the hidden pawn in the other player's hand. White then makes a move, followed by black, then white again, then black and so on until the end of the game. [PAR] How the Pieces Move [PAR] Each of the 6 different kinds of pieces moves differently. Pieces cannot move through other pieces (though the knight can jump over other pieces), and can never move onto a square with one of their own pieces. However, they can be moved to take the place of an opponent's piece which is then captured. Pieces are generally moved into positions where they can capture other pieces (by landing on their square and then replacing them), defend their own pieces in case of capture, or control important squares in the game. [PAR] The King [PAR] The king is the most important piece, but is one of the weakest. The king can only move one square in any direction - up, down, to the sides, and diagonally. Click on the '>' button in the diagram below to see how the king can move around the board. The king may never move himself into check (where he could be captured). [PAR] The Queen [PAR] The queen is the most powerful piece. She can move in any one straight direction - forward, backward, sideways, or diagonally - as far as possible as long as she does not move through any of her own pieces. And, like with all pieces, if the queen captures an opponent's piece her move is over. Click through the diagram below to see how the queens move. Notice how the white queen captures the black"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fllags of the Middle East - Jordan Jubilee Fllags of the Middle East [PAR] ( the Hejaz , Palestine , Syria , Iraq , Lebanon , Egypt , Iran , Yemen ) [PAR] Description of the flag [PAR] The official description of the flag of Jordan is that it symbolizes the Kingdom's roots in the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, as it is adapted from the revolt banner. The black, white and green bands represent the Arab Abbasid, Umayyad and Fatimid dynasties respectively, while the crimson triangle joining the bands represents the Hashemite dynasty. The seven-pointed Islamic star set in the centre of the crimson triangle represents the unity of Arab peoples in Jordan. [PAR] As a part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, Jordan was one of several aspirant nations which adopted the Pan-Arab colours of black, red, white and green, all expressive of Arab nationalism; the green colour has additional symbolism, in that it is traditionally associated with Islam and its followers. In 1921 the green and white bands were transposed from their positions on the flag which had been used by the independence movement in the 1918 revolt against the Turks. In 1928 the official version of the flag saw the addition of a seven-pointed white star to the red triangle in the hoist. This has been interpreted as representing the first seven verses of the Koran, the basis of the Islamic religion, and the star is what distinguishes the Jordanian flag from that used by the Palestinian Arabs. [PAR] The Royal Standard of Jordan [PAR] Jordan's royal standard is quite unique, it has a small national flag in the centre, on a white oval, only the star in the triangle is replaced by an arched crown. The field is made up of rays in the state colours, black in each corner (like a St Andrew's cross) then white, green, white, red, white, repeats. [PAR] The royal coat of arms [PAR] \"The crown symbolizes the system of monarchy. The sash upon which the crown is placed symbolizes the Hashemite throne. Its scarlet colour represents sacrifice, while the white inner background symbolizes purity. The two flags are the flags of the Great Arab Revolt. The eagle in the centre of the coat of arms symbolizes power, might and loftiness. The eagle is perched on the globe, and his wings touch the two flags of the Great Arab Revolt. The blue colour of the globe symbolizes the spread of Islam across the world. [PAR] The bronze shield in front of the globe represents the defence of truth and right in the world. The spears, swords, bows and arrows are traditional Arab weapons. Below the shield to the left are three branches of wheat, and to the right is a palm branch. Stretching down from between the wheat and palm branches is the highest Jordanian medal, the decorative order of al-Nahda. Above the al-Nahda medal are three phrases inscribed on a golden ribbon. In the middle: King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. To the right: Al-Hussein bin Talal bin Aoun (Aoun, one of the Hashemite patriarchs, was great great-grandfather of Sherif Hussein).\" [PAR] History of the national flag of Jordan - the flag of the Hejaz [PAR] The flag is evolved from the flag of the Arab Revolt, sometimes called the flag of the Hejaz. Sherif Hussein designed this as the flag of the Arab Revolt on June 1916. The Palestinian people raised it as the flag of the Arab National movement in 1917. In 1947 the Arab Ba'ath Party interpreted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] Soccer Club Nicknames And What They Mean [PAR] A selection of the weird and wonderful club nicknames in world soccer [PAR] Juventus' nickname reflects a long and successful history. Valerio Pennicino / Getty Images [PAR] By Stewart Coggin [PAR] Updated April 23, 2016. [PAR] The origins of some soccer club nicknames are fascinating, often unique to a certain area or moment in history. It is common for clubs to have a variety of nicknames, but here are 10 of the most interesting ones. [PAR] Arsenal (the Gunners) [PAR] The club was formed in 1886 by workers at Woolwich Arsenal Armament Factory. Initially called Dial Square, the club would be renamed as Woolwich Arsenal before dropping the prefix in 1913. The connection to the Armament Factory remained despite the club moving to north London, and they are still known as the Gunners. [PAR] River Plate (millionaires) [PAR] The Argentinean giants became known as Los Millionaros (millionaires) after they moved from Boca, a working class district of Buenos Aires to a wealthier area in 1938. [PAR] The Spanish club are known as Los Colchoneros (the mattress makers) because their shirts resemble a traditional pattern on Spanish mattresses. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Fastest Miles Ever Run [PAR] Everton (the Toffees or Toffeemen) [PAR] There are several explanations for the origin of this moniker. Some believe it hails from a toffee shop near the ground which sold the Everton Mint, while another explanation is that \u2018Toffees\u2019 was a nickname for the Irish, of whom there were many in Liverpool. [PAR] FC Koln (billy goats) [PAR] The club were founded in one of the working class districts of the Rhineland city, and goat is a derogatory name for the poor. Geissbock (billy goat) stuck and Koln still parade a mascot goat called Hennes \u2013 after former coach Hennes Weisweiler \u2013 before every home match. [PAR] Nimes (the Crocodiles) [PAR] The emblem of the French city is a crocodile tied to a palm tree. Nimes was once a favorite resting place of Roman soldiers who had conquered Egypt (the crocodile stands for Egypt and the palm symbolizes victory). The shirt has a crocodile graphic on the body. [PAR] Ipswich Town (the Tractor Boys) [PAR] The English club are widely known as the \u2018Blues\u2019 or \u2018Town\u2019, but acquired a new nickname during their first appearance in the Premier League. Ipswich are called The Tractor Boys because of the agricultural links to the area. When they played Birmingham City, the opposition fans sang \u201cno noise from the Tractor Boys\u201d during a routine win, and soon their own supporters began using the name to refer to themselves as they jovially highlighted the club\u2019s lack of glamor compared to their more illustrious opponents. [PAR] Galatasaray (Cim Bom Bom) [PAR] The Turkish club, set up by students of a French high school, went on tour to Switzerland in the early 1900s where they learnt a Swiss song called Jim Bom Bom. Once they returned home it got lost in translation. [PAR] Olympiakos (legend) [PAR] The Greek outfit became known as Thrylos (legend) after a successful run in the 1930s which garnered six league titles. For a spell, the side featured a forward line made up exclusively of the five Andrianopoulos brothers.[DOC] [TLE] Tractor Boys | Subcribe to Euro 2016 ical-Calendar - free by dradicke [PAR] Club Name: Ipswich Town Football Club Nickname: The Tractor Boys Founded: 1878 Stadium: Portman Road, Ipswich (30,311)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fagus sylvatica - Ohio State University Fagus sylvatica [PAR] Fagus sylvatica [PAR] Form [PAR] large shade tree [PAR] maturing at about 60' tall by 40' wide, although it can become much larger under favorable conditions [PAR] upright oval growth habit (for the species form, and many of the cultivars) [PAR] slow growth rate (becoming a medium growth rate by middle age) [PAR] Culture [PAR] full sun to partial sun (tolerant of partial shade to full shade in youth) [PAR] performs best in deep, rich, evenly moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soils, but is tolerant (although not especially happy) of neutral to alkaline pH soils, average soils, compacted soils, heat, and drought (once established) [PAR] species form is propagated by seeds, while the cultivars are usually propagated by grafting onto seedling rootstock [PAR] Beech Family, with few disease or pest problems of significance; European Beech adapts much better than American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) to moderate urban stresses, but still struggles with urban stresses (heat, drought, poor soils, and soil compaction), performing best in areas with cool Summers and good, moist soils [PAR] abundantly available in ball and burlap form, including many cultivars [PAR] many specimens are allowed to branch low to the ground, due to their exquisite foliage and graceful horizontal to upswept branching [PAR] European Beech is somewhat sensitive to being transplanted in Autumn, and care should be taken to amend the soil, fertilize, water thoroughly, mulch adequately, and avoid Winter salt spray, to enhance survival chances during the first Winter [PAR] Foliage [PAR] the species form and several cultivars are medium to dark green and shiny, but several foliage-color variants exist (mostly purple or variegated) [PAR] alternate, ovate to elliptical, entire to crenate along the margins, often with an undulating margin, and short-petioled; some cultivars are cutleaf or deeply crenate [PAR] fall color for the species form is chartreuse, golden, or yellow-brown [PAR] Flowers [PAR] separate staminate (male) and pistillate (female) inflorescences occur on the same tree (monoecious), flowering in late April and early May, ornamentally insignificant and partially obscured by the expanding foliage [PAR] Fruits [PAR] three-sided pointed nuts, with one to three nuts per fruit, are exposed as the external bristly husk splits open in September and October [PAR] nuts are quickly devoured by squirrels and larger birds [PAR] Twigs [PAR] somewhat thin olive-brown twigs, with prominently long, pointed, tan Winter buds [PAR] twigs and branchlets often lie more or less within the plane of the branch, for an overall layered branching effect, with the horizontal lower branches having upswept twigs and buds at their extremities [PAR] Trunk [PAR] usually single-trunked, with the bark being very thin and smooth, medium to light gray, and quite ornamental in Winter (especially if limbed up in youth to yield a scarless smooth trunk) [PAR] the straight trunk of the species form eventually loses its central leader to several upright branches in the upper one-half of the mature canopy [PAR] trunk exhibits a graceful basal flare with age to the shallow root system [PAR] ID Summary [PAR] a species with several cultivars exhibiting variation in growth habit (upright oval versus columnar versus pendulous) and foliage color (green versus purple versus variegated) [PAR] in general, foliage is alternate, ovate, wavy-margined, and entire or subtley crenate, on short petioles [PAR] trunks (with basal flare to the shallow root system) have smooth, gray, ornamental bark, while Winter buds are tan and very elongated, on stems that lie within the plane of the branch, for layered branching [PAR] small, husky and prickly fruits dehisce in Autumn to reveal small, three-sided, pointed nuts that are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Adventures of Doctor Dolittle - Dramatic Publishing The Adventures of Doctor Dolittle [PAR] Submissions [PAR] The Adventures of Doctor Dolittle [PAR] \"My community in San Rafael, CA just finished a 3 weekend run, and it was fantastic. Furthermore, the entire cast is considering going into group treatment to help us stop singing the play's songs day and night, to anyone who will listen. Just yesterday, I picked up my seven-year-old and started singing \"Yo-ho, yo-ho...\" And she was like, \"Oh no, Mommy, I just finally got it out of my head and now you put it in again!\" This play is so extremely well written, so full of wonderful characters and top notch, clever, and uplifting songs.\" \u2014Julie Fingersh, San Rafael Community Services, Calif. [PAR] \"Get ready for the most exciting musical production to hit the Glenrock Auditorium Stage in years! Elliott B. Baker's music and lyrics, in his play as adapted from the book by Hugh Lofting, are captivating, exciting, and just downright fun. Make it a point not to miss this unbelievable, enjoyable, and delightful home-town production.\" \u2014Casper Star Tribune [PAR] American Stage Festival\u20142009 [PAR] By Elliott Barry Baker. Adapted from the book by Hugh Lofting. [PAR] Cast: 16-26+ actors (gender flexible) with as many villagers, animals, pirates, and Jolliginki as desired. \"Who would have believed that animals have their own side of things?\" One very special doctor with a deep understanding and love of animals finds he is able to speak with them. This one moment of comprehension is a light that carries John Dolittle, M.D., from one adventure to the next. Doctor Dolittle, Polynesia the parrot, Gug-Gub the pig, Jip the dog, Dab-Dab the duck and Chee-Chee the monkey travel to Africa to save the monkeys from a terrible plague. Once there they are captured and escape from the Jolliginki who want to serve them for dinner, elude misguided pirates who want to ransom them, and discover wild and wonderful never-before-seen animals. Even the famous African cannibal food critic, Mimi Eataton, makes an appearance. Doctor Dolittle comes to see that his love of learning coupled with his love of animals affords him a unique opportunity to speak on behalf of all animals. With the cooperation of all the animals of Africa, the doctor creates a solution that in the end protects the animals while providing new and better employment for the pirates and Jolliginki. Perseverance, patience and creativity win over ignorance every time.\" Area staging with set props. Approximate Running Time: 1 hour and 40 minutes. [PAR] Also Available: [PAR] An optional accompaniment CD is available for use with this show. See Rental Info for details. [PAR] Music Samples"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Amethyst meaning - Crystal Cure Amethyst meaning [PAR] nice colors [PAR] Amethyst Gemstone meaning [PAR] Crystalline quartz in shades of purple, lilac or mauve is called amethyst, a stone traditionally worn to guard against drunkeness and to instill a sober mind. The word amethyst comes from the Greek meaning \"without drunkenness\" and amethyst is believed to protect one from poison. [PAR] Power Stone [PAR] It is used as a dream stone and to help insomnia. Put an amethyst under your pillow to bring about pleasant dreams, or rub it across your forehead to offer relief from a headache. [PAR] Protection Stone [PAR] Ancient Egyptians used the amethyst guard against guilty and fearful feelings. It has been worn as protection from self-deception, as well as a protection against witchcraft. The amethyst has long been used to open the spiritual and psychic centers, making it one of the power stones. It is also used as a meditation aid when worn as a necklace. [PAR] Wisdom Stone [PAR] The amethyst is known as the Bishop's Stone and is still worn by Catholic Bishops. The amethyst symbolizes piety, humility, sincerity and spiritual wisdom. It is thought the amethyst is the perfect stone to symbolize The Age of Aquarius. [PAR] Healing properties of Amethyst [PAR] Amethyst is a gemstone often worn by healers, as it has the power to focus energy. A healer will usually wear several pieces of jewelry with amethysts set in silver, especially an amethyst necklace. The person to be healed will have an Amethyst to hold while the healing is being done. The healer will place another piece of Amethyst on the area of the body in need of healing, the heart or lungs usually. [PAR] Amethyst is used for problems in the blood and in breathing problems. Amethyst crystal clusters are used to keep the air and life force in the home clean and positive. [PAR] Amethyst clusters, points or several tumbled Amethysts placed in a window that receives sun most of the day are very beneficial to use in healing and to heal negativity in the home. Place Amethyst clusters, points or several tumbled Amethysts in moonlight and everyone in the home will be feeling calmer. Using an Amethyst as a meditation focus will increase the positive spiritual feelings. Amethyst helps overcome fears and cravings. It also helps relieve headaches.[DOC] [TLE] Amethysts And Bishops' Rings - MysticLightPress.com Amethysts And Bishops' Rings [PAR] Amethysts And Bishops' Rings [PAR] By William V. Rauscher [PAR] From early times, Bishops have worn a ring to denote their special office. The first tracing of a Bishop's ring is found about A.D. 610. At that time, Bishops' rings were always designed around a single stone, which was a ruby, an emerald, or a sapphire, and the stone was not engraved. Eventually, for mystical reasons, the stone used in most rings was an amethyst. [PAR] Bishops in the Diocese of New Jersey are no exception to this tradition, and many of these men have chosen to have the Diocesan Seal carved into the stone of their ring. A classic example of this type of ring was worn by the late New Jersey Bishop, Rt. Rev. Alfred L. Banyard (1908-1992). [PAR] The personal taste of some contemporary Bishops does not always follow tradition. Now the style they choose varies, but the ring's meaning remains the same. The selection of symbols in the ring is left to each individual Bishop, thereby making every ring unique. [PAR] The ring worn by the late New Jersey Bishop, Rt. Rev. Albert W. Van Duzer (1917-1999) was traditional. However, the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Larry Scott (Bodybuilder) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Larry Scott (Bodybuilder) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Larry Scott [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Oct 12, 1938 [PAR] Larry Scott, nicknamed \"the Legend\", born on October 12, 1938 in Blackfoot, Idaho is an American former IFBB professional bodybuilder. He won 1965 Mr. Olympia and the 1966 Mr. Olympia competition. [PAR] related links [PAR] View newly released photos of Larry Scott. [PAR] No photos found for Larry Scott [PAR] News + Updates [PAR] Buffalo School Board Passes Resolution Telling Carl Paladino To Resign Within 24 Hours [PAR] Huffington Post - Dec 29, 2016 [PAR] ' \\n BUFFALO, N.Y. \u00e2\u0080\u0095 The Buffalo Board of Education voted 6-2 Thursday to issue a stunning ultimatum to Carl Paladino, one of their own members who has been under national fire for his racially charged comments about the Obamas: Resign within 24 hours, or the board will petition the state to remove you.\u00c2 \\n Paladino was Donald Trump\u00e2\u0080\u0099s New York campaign co-chair and currently sits on the nine-member Buffalo school board. In recent days, he\u00e2\u0080\u0099s faced intense criticism for his answers to a local ... [PAR] The Most Iconic Faces To Inspire Men's Grooming Over The Past 30 Years [PAR] Huffington Post - Mar 27, 2015 [PAR] 'This article was written by Emma McKay and was originally published on AskMen. \\n \\nOn a crisp late January evening in Paris, in a sprawling bar, Le Perchoir, spanning several stories high above the streets of the 11th arrondissement, pro kiteboarder Youri Zoon ambles in for his interview. As we talk, the bar fills up with a who\\'s who of Parisian cool, posing for photos and sipping bespoke cocktails: fashion industry savants, women in faux fur and big felt hats, avant-garde musicians. We\\'r... [PAR] Wsu Has Bye Week Before Playing Arizona [PAR] Seattle Pi - Nov 06, 2013 [PAR] '\\n (AP) \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Washington State has lost three straight games by big scores and is in danger of missing out on a bowl game again.\\n\\nToo often the Cougars defense seemed unsure who had the ball, and gave up big yards\\n\\nThe Cougars need to win two of their remaining three games to become eligible for a bowl.\\n\\nJunior quarterback Connor Halliday had some harsh words for his team after the loss to Arizona State.\\n\\nPlayers must handle their own assignments and trust their teammates to do the sam... [PAR] Ref Coordinator Resigns After 'inappropriate Joke' About Coach [PAR] Huffington Post Sports - Apr 05, 2013 [PAR] '\\n SAN FRANCISCO \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Joking or not, perception proved to be too much for Ed Rush to remain the Pac-12\\'s Conference\\'s coordinator of officials. \\n\\n Rush resigned Thursday following comments during internal meetings before the league tournament that appeared to target Arizona\\'s Sean Miller, including perceived accusations that he placed a bounty on the Wildcats coach. \\n \\\"I want to express my appreciation for the great contribution Ed made to basketball officiating for the C... [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Larry Scott. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1938 Birth Born on October 12, 1938. [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1956 17 Years Old Scott is said to have possessed little apparent genetic potential when he started training with weights in 1956, his narrow shoulders having been a particular weak spot. \u2026 Read More [PAR] He trained with Vince Gironda, another well-known bodybuilder of the golden age. Scott is best known for his arm development - and perhaps most for his impressive biceps which were unusually long, allowing for good development and shape. Scott attributes his football-shaped biceps to an exercise invented by Gironda,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2015 has three Friday the 13ths. What are the odds ... 2015 has three Friday the 13ths. What are the odds? | Human World | EarthSky [PAR] 2015 has three Friday the 13ths. What are the odds? [PAR] By Bruce McClure in Human World | Science Wire | November 13, 2015 [PAR] November 13, 2015 presents the third of three Friday the 13ths in 2015. Here\u2019s the story behind 2015\u2019s trio of Friday the 13ths. [PAR] Scared of Friday the 13th? An irrational fear of this date is called friggatriskaidekaphobia (Frigga is the Norse goddess for whom Friday is named). Image via Kelli Marshall [PAR] November 13, 2015 is a Friday, ushering in Act III of this year\u2019s epic Friday the 13th trilogy. We had a Friday the 13th in February and March. To cap things off, we\u2019ll have a Friday the 13th in November, exactly 39 weeks (3 x 13 weeks) after Friday, February 13, 2015! [PAR] Not that we at EarthSky suffer from friggatriskaidekaphobia \u2013 an irrational fear of Friday the 13th \u2013 but, gosh darn, it\u2019s Friday the 13th three times over in 2015. What\u2019s more, last year\u2019s lone Friday the 13th on June 13, 2014, occurred exactly 39 weeks (3 x 13 weeks) before the Friday the 13th in March 2015. Also, next year\u2019s lone Friday the 13th on May 13, 2016, will happen exactly 26 weeks (2 x 13 weeks) after the Friday the 13th in November 2015. Follow the links below to learn more about why some people fear this day and about 2015\u2019s three Friday the 13ths. [PAR] Can three Friday the 13ths occur in a leap year? [PAR] The Friday the 13th slasher-movie franchise helped keep this day maintain its notoriety. Image via Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Gioachino Rossini, a 19th century Italian composer. Folklorists say there's no written evidence that Friday the 13th was considered unlucky before the 19th century. The earliest known documented reference in English appears to be in Henry Sutherland Edwards' 1869 biography of Rossini. [PAR] Scary coincidence or super unlucky? Neither. It\u2019s just a quirk of our calendar, as you\u2019ll see if you keep reading. [PAR] The fact is that, according to folklorists, there\u2019s no written evidence that Friday the 13th was considered unlucky before the 19th century. The earliest known documented reference in English appears to be in Henry Sutherland Edwards\u2019 1869 biography of Gioachino Rossini. His portrait is on this page. He doesn\u2019t look scary. [PAR] Friday has always gotten a bad rap. In the Middle Ages, people would not marry \u2013 or set out on a journey \u2013 on a Friday. [PAR] There are also some links between Christianity and an ill association with either Fridays or the number 13. Jesus was said to be crucified on a Friday. Seating 13 people at a table was seen as bad luck because Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, is said to have been the 13th guest at the Last Supper. Meanwhile, our word for Friday comes from Frigga, an ancient Scandinavian fertility and love goddess. Christians called Frigga a witch and Friday the witches\u2019 Sabbath. [PAR] In modern times, the slasher-movie franchise Friday the 13th has helped keep friggatriskaidekaphobia alive. [PAR] Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today! [PAR] In 2015, blame Thursday. The year 2015 started on a Thursday. Whenever a common year of 365 days starts on a Thursday, it\u2019s inevitable that the months of February, March and November will start on a Sunday. And any month starting on a Sunday always has a Friday the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] French Wine Classifications AOC Law Wine Grapes Vineyards ... French Wine Classifications AOC Law Wine Grapes Vineyards of France [PAR] French Wine Classifications AOC Law Wine Grapes Vineyards of France [PAR] Vineyards of France [PAR] France is not only the world\u2019s most famous wine growing country, it also takes credit for being one of the world\u2019s oldest wine regions as well. The ancient Romans began cultivating vines in France about 125 BC. They moved into the Rhone valley not too long after that. By the first century AD, the Romans were also active in Bordeaux . Ancient ruins and antiquities can be easily spotted all over France, especially in Bordeaux as well in the Rhone Valley. The Romans knew what to look for. They wanted to plant on hillsides with exposure to the sun and natural drainage. Plus the vineyards could not be too far from towns and cities to allow for ease in trading. As of 2016, France is second in production of wine, at least in terms of volume all over the world. Only Spain makes more wine today. [PAR] Currently, over 792,000 hectares of vines are planted with the purpose of growing grapes for wine in France. This is a change in the amount of planted hectares as less than a decade ago, France had 861,000 planted hectares. The French Governmental Agricultural board has helped force the reduction in the amount of vines planted, as several small vineyards in poor areas were not able to make money selling their grapes or wine. Those 792,000 hectares planted in France, depending on the vintage can produce between 7 and 8 billion bottles of wine per year! Yes, that is Billions with a B! That makes France the world\u2019s most important wine producing region in terms of volume and in dollar value. [PAR] France, Spain, Italy and America are the world\u2019s largest producers of wine in terms of dollars and hectoliters. However, that could one day change as China is rapidly catching up in production as they are now in the top 5 producers as well. In fact, China now has more more planted hectares of vines than France. Chinese vineyards now occupy up to 11% of the world\u2019s plantings for grapes used to produce wine. The growth in China is massive when you consider that in 2000, they had less than 4% of the world\u2019s vineyards. But the amount of wine and dollar value of the wine remains dwarfed by France. In fact, at least 85 of the world\u2019s most important wines are produced in France. France still stands above all the other wine producing countries with its massive volume of wine, and more importantly, its ability to export their wine all over the world! However, for those of you that like to look at numbers, Spain has 1.02 Million hectares, China, 799,000 hectares, France, 792,000 hectares, Italy, 690,000 hectares and Turkey comes in at #5 with 502,000 hectares. [PAR] For years, France claimed the record for the most hectares of land, cultivated with wine grapes. That is no longer the case, at least as of 2016. Today, Interestingly, the areas with the most land planted with grapes are Spain, China, France and Australia. This is not to be confused with volume in terms of hectoliters, number of bottles, or value, but in pure raw land, France has fallen behind, and that trend is expected to continue. For those that like vineyards by the numbers, the largest appellation is the Languedoc with almost 2000,000 hectares of vines. The honor for the single largest vineyard belongs to San"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The browning of apples - Materials Today The browning of apples - Materials Today [PAR] The apple story [PAR] 15 September 2015 | David Bradley [PAR] Earlier this year, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved genetically modified apples - \"Arctic Grannies\" - that do not express at high levels the enzyme PPO when they are sliced open and so, purportedly do not turn brown, these Grannies stay whiter than white or greener than green, depending on your perspective. [PAR] Now, our dog is a malophile, loves apples. Well actually, she is a yellow Labrador retriever and will eat almost anything. This week, however, when our backs are turned she has taken to plucking the low-hanging fruit from the apple tree in our garden. My wife caught the little malophile red-pawed and harvested for the humans in the family the few apples that were left. She then proceeded to juice them and, not surprisingly, the liquor took on the familiar brown hue of apple exposed to the air and having undergone enzymatic browning through the action of that aforementioned enzyme PPO (polyphenol oxidase). [PAR] It's not an attractive color, so, on a whim and with a little chemical savvy she added some ascorbic acid (vitamin C) along with the sugar to the pan in which she was simmering the brew. The addition of the vitamin C visually reversed the browning and the pan carried on gently bubbling with fifty shades of green...not even a hint of beige to be seen. As a lowly chemist, I'd always assumed that the oxidative and enzymatic degradation of apples to that brown color was an irreversible biochemical process. Obviously, you can use lemon or lime juice to stave it off (ascorbic, anti-scurvy, acid, you see?) but once it has gone over to the brown side, I'd assumed (in fact, we both assumed) that that was it. [PAR] A quick web search gave a few vague hints. A research paper from the journal HortScience entitled \" Enzymatic Browning, Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, and Polyphenols in Four Apple Cultivars: Dynamics during Fruit Development \" from a team at the University of Santa Catarina in Brazil who had this to say: [PAR] \"Enzymatic browning is one of the most important reactions that occur in fruits and vegetables, usually resulting in negative effects on color, taste, flavor, and nutritional value. The reaction is a consequence of phenolic compounds' oxidation by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which triggers the generation of dark pigments. This is particularly relevant for apples, which are rich in polyphenols and highly susceptible to enzymatic browning.\" [PAR] As plant secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds produce colors, astringency, flavor, and have nutritional qualities in fruits and vegetables. Now, I should have known, and maybe I did in my chemical youth, that these compounds are perhaps acting as indicators of oxidation state and thus, as with many other indicator compounds will exist in equilibrium and thus oscillate between colors (or colorless states) depending on the concentrations of other chemicals (acids, alkalis) present in the mix. But, I wasn't sure. Further web searching revealed that various people who put sliced apple in their kids' school lunchboxes discovered that a sprinkling of vitamin C protected the slices from browning, and at least one \"soccer mom\" discovered that she could reverse the browning, even after the fruity snack had been ignored in the lunchbox for a whole day...making it fine for eating as an enforced, after-school snack for \"Junior\"... [PAR] There are countless web pages with tips for malophiles with the knowledge to keep their beloved fruit of life from turning brown."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bullitt (1968) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb Bullitt (1968) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb [PAR] Full Cast & Crew [PAR] (novel) (as Robert L. Pike) [PAR] Cast (in credits order) verified as complete [PAR] Create a character page for: [PAR] Create \u00bb [PAR] hair designer: Steve McQueen (uncredited) [PAR] Production Management [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 18 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 08 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 16 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wilson Croft - Disney Wiki - Wikia Wilson Croft | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Professor Wilson Croft is one of the main antagonists of the 1997 film Flubber . The other being Chester Hoenicker. He is established as a long-time rival of the protagonist, Professor Philip Brainard , and often profited by stealing his ideas. [PAR] Role in the film [PAR] When introduced, Wilson is very blunt in his approach and declares his intent to not only continue stealing from Brainard, but also takes his fianc\u00e9e, Dr. Sara Jean Reynolds , from him and make her his own (in effect, this means stealing even more from Brainard than he already has). [PAR] This character article is a stub . You can help Disney Wiki by expanding it ."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] rompedas: THE BROCKTON BLOCKBUSTER rompedas: THE BROCKTON BLOCKBUSTER [PAR] THE BROCKTON BLOCKBUSTER [PAR] Birth Name: Rocco Francis Marchegiano [PAR] Born: 1923-09-01 [PAR] Trainers: Charley Goldman & Al Columbo [PAR] Officiating Record: Referee [PAR] (Wikipedia) [PAR] On Sept. 1, 1923 Mr. and Mrs. Pierino Marchegiano of Brockton, Massachusetts became the proud parents of an extraordinarily robust baby boy. The twelve pound child was christened Rocco Marchegiano, but the world would one day know him as the legendary boxer Rocky Marciano. [PAR] When \"bambino Rocco\" was 18 months of age, he contracted pneumonia. Even though the infection nearly killed him - his doctor claimed that his remarkably strong constitution enabled him to survive without impairment. [PAR] As a child, Rocky relished his mother's Italian cooking so much he often bordered on being a bit stocky, which was underscored by his relatively short but muscular arms and legs. However, even at this tender age, his overall bearing suggested he possessed unusual physical strength.... [PAR] During his early teenage years, Rocky took great advantage of living across the street from Brockton's James Edgar Playground, where he especially enjoyed playing baseball. It was during this period that he began the habit of exercising to his limit. Spending countless hours hitting and chasing after baseballs, he would ultimately go home and do chin-ups and lift homemade weights until he was totally fatigued. [PAR] After supper, he and his pals spent many happy hours pummeling a stuffed mail sack that hung from an oak tree in the Marchegiano's back yard. In hot weather, they usually finished off such workouts \"by racing over to Saxton's Spring to get a drink of its sparkling cold water.....\" [PAR] ( Gerald Beals, An Abridged Biography Of The Life Of Rocky Marciano. . . June, 1999 at rockymarciano.com) [PAR] Rocky Marciano..... born Rocco Francis Marchegiano, was an Italian-American boxer and the heavyweight champion of the world from September 23, 1952, to April 27, 1956, when he retired as the only heavyweight champion in boxing history to retire having won every fight in his professional career. [PAR] In March 1943, Marciano was drafted into the army for a term of two years. Stationed in Wales, he helped ferry supplies across the English Channel to Normandy. After the war ended, he completed his service in March 1946 at Fort Lewis, Washington. [PAR] While awaiting discharge, Marciano, representing the army, won the 1946 amateur armed forces boxing tournament. His amateur career was interrupted on March 17, 1947, when Marciano stepped into the ring as a professional competitor. That night, he knocked out Lee Epperson in three rounds. In an unusual move, however, Marciano returned to the amateur ranks and fought in the Golden Gloves All-East Championship Tournament in March 1948. He was beaten by Coley Wallace. He continued to fight as an amateur throughout the spring and competed in the AAU Olympic tryouts in the Boston Garden. There, he knocked out George McInnis, but hurt his hands during the bout and was forced to withdraw from the tournament. That was his last amateur bout. His amateur years, with an 8-4 record, would be the last time Marciano experienced a loss. [PAR] (Wikipedia) [PAR] From Wikipedia [PAR] From AAIB [PAR] Ever since he was a teenager in Brockton, Massachusetts, people have often referred to Rocky Marciano as \"that tough Italian kid\" with incredible punching power. To many, Rocky Marciano's fabled story was the inspiration for the ever-popular \"Rocky\" series made famous by Sylvester Stallone. His trademarks were a powerful right cross and an ability to endure punishment. [PAR] Rocky was one of the toughest,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chinese President Hu Jintao - People's Daily Hu Jintao [PAR] Hu Jintao [PAR] Hu Jintao was elected president of the People's Republic of China on March 15, 2003. [PAR] He is now general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, president of the People's Republic of China, chairman of the Central Military Commission. [PAR] Hu Jintao, a native of Jixi, Anhui Province, was born in December 1942. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in April 1964 and began to work in July 1965 after he graduated from the Water Conservancy Engineering Department of Tsinghua University, where he had a major in the study of hub hydropower stations. He is an engineer. [PAR] Hu began to work at the grassroots in west China's Gansu Province in 1968 and stayed there until 1982 when he became a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Youth League of China Central Committee and president of the All-China Youth Federation. [PAR] Beginning in 1985, he was appointed, successively, secretary of the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and of the CPC Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee. [PAR] In 1992, 49-year-old Hu was elected member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at the First Plenum of the 14th CPC Central Committee, which was then widely considered as an important step the CPC had taken toward generational transition of the central leadership. [PAR] From 1993 to the end of 2002, Hu was concurrently president of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, which has been the training base for senior CPC cadres and backbones of theoretical studies over the past 70 years. [PAR] In September 1997, Hu was re-elected member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at the First Plenum of the 15th CPC Central Committee. [PAR] Hu became vice-president of China in March 1998 and vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission in September 1999. [PAR] In November 2002, Hu was elected general secretary of the CPC Central Committee at the 16th National Congress of the CPC. [PAR] In March 2003, He was elected president of China at the First Session of the 10th National People's Congress, the top legislature of the country. [PAR] Hu and his wife Liu Yongqing were schoolmates at Qinghua University. The couple have a son and a daughter, who are also graduates of Qinghua University. [PAR] 1959-1964: Student at the Water Conservancy Engineering Department of Tsinghua University. [PAR] 1964-1965: Postgraduate and political instructor at the Water Conservancy Engineering Department of Tsinghua University. [PAR] 1965-1968: Participated in R&D at the Water Conservancy Engineering Department of Tsinghua University and served as political instructor before the start of the \"cultural revolution.\" [PAR] 1968-1969: Worked with the housing construction team of Liujia Gorge Engineering Bureau, Ministry of Water Conservancy. [PAR] 1969-1974: Technician and secretary of No. 813 Sub-Bureau, Fourth Engineering Bureau, Ministry of Water Conservancy and deputy-secretary of the general Party branch of the sub-bureau's head office. [PAR] 1974-1975: Secretary of the Gansu Provincial Construction Committee (GPCC). [PAR] 1975-1980: Deputy director of the design management division, GPCC. [PAR] 1980-1982: Vice chairman of GPCC and secretary of the Gansu Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League (Sept.1982-Dec.1982). [PAR] 1982-1984: Secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China, chairman of the All-China Youth Federation. [PAR] 1984-1985: First secretary, Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China. [PAR] 1985-1988: Secretary of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee. [PAR] 1988-1992: Secretary of the Party Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region. [PAR] 1992-1993: Member of the Standing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Accidental Insomniac - CatholicMom.com - Celebrating ... Accidental Insomniac - CatholicMom.com - Celebrating Catholic Motherhood [PAR] Wickedness eleven. [PAR] Hmm. Vacation days? Hot tub soaks? Martinis? [PAR] The answer was hours of sleep. The human body, it was said, can function on a mere five hours [PAR] of sleep nightly. [PAR] Remember, now, Mike and I were newlyweds at the time, making the transition from single to [PAR] married life. My own single life had consisted of forty hours of work per seven days, with the [PAR] remaining time divided between sleeping and disco dancing. Married life, I found, was not much [PAR] different; I just replaced disco dancing with housekeeping activities, while maintaining a rather [PAR] indulgent sleep schedule. So, naturally, when I learned that I was supposed to be able to function [PAR] on a nickel\u2019s worth of sleep each night, I was incredulous. One year later, though, I couldn\u2019t [PAR] muster feelings of incredulity for all the z\u2019s in dreamland. I was just too exhausted. If \u201cnature [PAR] needs but five,\u201d my lifestyle had become downright unnatural. [PAR] I\u2019d become a mother. [PAR] Little did I know that my hands-on education in sleep deprivation had just begun. It took nine [PAR] children and 10,000 wakeful nights to earn my degree. Here are a few of the tough lessons I [PAR] learned: [PAR] 1) \u201cSleep like a baby\u201d is a contradiction in terms. [PAR] When I was expecting our first child, my mother-in-law told me that newborns sleep [PAR] 22 hours per day. And maybe they do\u2026on Pluto, where a day lasts 153 hours. In our [PAR] corner of the galaxy, however, newborns don\u2019t sleep; they simply switch to standby [PAR] mode. The closed eyes, relaxed fists, and angelic expressions of infants in standby give [PAR] the appearance of total shutdown. However, the sounds produced by such things as hand [PAR] embroidery, the folding of bath towels, and the practice of meditation will cause instant [PAR] reactivation. [PAR] 2) Mommy and Daddy\u2019s bed is the center of gravity. [PAR] Girls\u2019 bedroom sets feature pastel princesses and enough frilly accessories to keep [PAR] Cinderella dusting past midnight. Boys\u2019 ensembles flaunt unnaturally-colored [PAR] dinosaurs embedded with computer chips that \u201croar\u201d each time Junior springs out of [PAR] bed. Appealing, yes, but the kids won\u2019t stick around long enough to enjoy such finery. [PAR] Most nights they\u2019ll abandon their charmed quarters for their parents\u2019 fuddy-duddy [PAR] posturepedic. Even if Daddy does end up doing some roaring of his own \u2013 without the [PAR] aid of a computer chip. [PAR] 3) Once Dad starts packing, the kids begin hacking. Or worse. [PAR] No sooner had Mike departed for a business trip to England than a stomach virus intruded [PAR] on our family, taking down everyone under age 12. While Mike was toasting London, [PAR] I was home toasting Wonder bread to settle queasy stomachs. Seventy-two hours later, [PAR] I stood among the dirty laundry and dry toast crusts, trying to wish myself into some [PAR] condition which would require complete bed rest and a call to the local maid service. I [PAR] never made it into bed, but I did come down with the stomach flu \u2013 at a more opportune [PAR] time. (See #4.) [PAR] 4) Husbands need their blankies, too. [PAR] Your husband will suffer acute pains of loneliness while you are off feeding Baby at [PAR] 2:00am. He may even swipe your blanket in a touching attempt to recreate the nearness [PAR] of you. Don\u2019t disturb his slumber by taking back your blanket when you return to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Six Kinds of United States Paper Currency - Friesian School Six Kinds of United States Paper Currency [PAR] Six Kinds of United States Paper Currency [PAR] On 10 July 1929 the United States replaced its large size currency, like the Series 1923 Silver Certificate One Dollar bill above (click on the image for the reverse design), with small size notes, like the corresponding Series 1928 note following: [PAR] The purpose of this change was simply to save some money on paper, but the timing inadvertently signified a new era in United States money. When the change was made there were no less than six kinds of United States paper currency, but only three months later the stock market crash ushered in the era of the Great Depression, during which three of those kinds of currency would disappear. Thirty years later, two of the remaining kinds of currency would also disappear, leaving only one. [PAR] The six kinds of currency in 1929, colored coded with the colors of their seals and serial numbers, and with the denominations they were issued in series 1928 and 1929 (though not always in those years themselves), were: [PAR] United States Notes (Series 1928: $1 $2 $5) Go! [PAR] Gold Certificates (Series 1928: $10 $20 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 $10,000) Go! [PAR] National Bank Notes (Series 1929: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100) Go! [PAR] Silver Certificates (Series 1928: $1) Go! [PAR] Federal Reserve Bank Notes (Series 1929: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100) Go! [PAR] Federal Reserve Notes (Series 1928: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 $10,000) Go! [PAR] The three kinds of currency that remained after the Depression were: [PAR] United States Notes (Series 1953: $2 $5) Go! [PAR] Silver Certificates (Series 1953: $5 $10 -- Series 1957: $1) Go! [PAR] Federal Reserve Notes (Series 1950: $5 $10 $20 $50 $100) Go! [PAR] And all that remained by 1970 were: [PAR] Federal Reserve Notes (Series 1969: $1 $5 $10 $20 $50 $100 -- Series 1976: $2) Go! [PAR] . [PAR] The origin and nature of these kinds of currency will be considered below. Although the color of the seals and serial numbers on Gold Certificates was yellow, here orange is used for greater contrast. The reverse of large note Gold Certificates had actually been orange, \"goldbacks\" as opposed to \"greenbacks\"; but small note Gold Certificates were made \"greenbacks\" also. (That was reversed with series 1934 Gold Certificates, which again had orange reverses, but those notes never circulated to the public). [PAR] That was part of a process to unify the design of all the currency. The variety of large note design gave way to common elements and a common look for the small notes. This changed little over the years, until a radically redesigned $100 bill was introduced in the 1990's, inaugurating a gradual change in all the currency for security reasons. United States currency had never featured anti-counterfeiting devices like watermarked paper and security threads, which had appeared in foreign money decades earlier. [PAR] All the small notes featured a portrait of Washington for the $1 note, Jefferson for $2, Lincoln for $5, Hamilton for $10, Jackson for $20, Grant for $50, Franklin for $100, McKinley for $500, Cleveland for $1000, Madison for $5000, and Chase for the $10,000. When one series of $100,000 notes was issued (1934 Gold Certificates), Wilson was put on them. Although these portraits are often called \"dead presidents,\" three of them, Hamilton, Franklin, and Chase, were never Presidents. Large notes had featured many more portraits, including Martha Washington, William Tecumseh Sherman, John Marshall, James Monroe,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speleology | Define Speleology at Dictionary.com Speleology | Define Speleology at Dictionary.com [PAR] speleology [PAR] [spee-lee-ol-uh-jee] /\u02ccspi li\u02c8\u0252l \u0259 d\u0292i/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] the exploration and study of caves. [PAR] Origin of speleology [PAR] 1890-95; < Latin sp\u0113lae(um) (see spelaean ) + -o- + -logy [PAR] Related forms [PAR] [spee-lee-uh-loj-i-kuh l] /\u02ccspi li \u0259\u02c8l\u0252d\u0292 \u026a k\u0259l/ (Show IPA), adjective [PAR] speleologist, noun [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for speleology [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] the scientific study of caves, esp in respect of their geological formation, flora and fauna, etc [PAR] 2. [PAR] the sport or pastime of exploring caves [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] C19: from Latin sp\u0113laeum cave [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012[DOC] [TLE] Speleology - definition of speleology by The Free Dictionary Speleology - definition of speleology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Speleology - definition of speleology by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/speleology [PAR] spe\u00b7le\u00b7ol\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (sp\u0113\u2032l\u0113-\u014fl\u2032\u0259-j\u0113) [PAR] 1. The scientific study of caves. [PAR] 2. Exploration of caves. [PAR] [French sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologie : Latin sp\u0113laeum, sp\u0113l\u0113um, cave (from Greek sp\u0113laion) + -logie, -logy.] [PAR] spe\u2032le\u00b7o\u00b7log\u2032i\u00b7cal (-\u0259-l\u014fj\u2032\u012d-k\u0259l) adj. [PAR] spe\u2032le\u00b7ol\u2032o\u00b7gist n. [PAR] speleology [PAR] spelaeology [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Physical Geography) the scientific study of caves, esp in respect of their geological formation, flora and fauna, etc [PAR] 2. (Individual Sports, other than specified) the sport or pastime of exploring caves [PAR] [C19: from Latin sp\u0113laeum cave] [PAR] speleological, spelaeological adj [PAR] spe\u2022le\u2022ol\u2022o\u2022gy [PAR] or spe\u2022lae\u2022ol\u2022o\u2022gy [PAR] (\u02ccspi li\u02c8\u0252l \u0259 d\u0292i) [PAR] [1890\u201395; < Latin sp\u0113lae(um) + -o - + -logy ] [PAR] spe`le\u2022o\u2022log\u2032i\u2022cal (-\u0259\u02c8l\u0252d\u0292 \u026a k\u0259l) adj. [PAR] spe`le\u2022ol\u2032o\u2022gist, n. [PAR] spe\u00b7le\u00b7ol\u00b7o\u00b7gy [PAR] (sp\u0113\u2032l\u0113-\u014fl\u2032\u0259-j\u0113) [PAR] The exploration and scientific study of caves. [PAR] speleology, spelaeology [PAR] The study or exploration of caves. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] geology - a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks [PAR] 2. [PAR] speleology [PAR] n \u2192 H\u00f6hlenkunde f, \u2192 Spel\u00e4ologie f (spec) [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] spelaeology [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] A team including 19 rescue specialists, a doctor and nurse, seven underground climbers from the Catalan Speleology Federation and 12 police have been flown to the cave. [PAR] Herpetofaunal Diversity and Endemism in selected Caves of Sarangani Province and Lanao Del Sur, Philippines [PAR] The design of the method and the possibility of building Slovak Museum of Nature Protection and Speleology in Liptovsky Mikulas for information and promotion activities, interactive learning programs in a permanent exhibition with a comprehensive view of the nature and protected areas of Slovakia (including Natura 2000) for different target groups in the unity of interior architectural and audiovisual works, interactive educational programs directly related to the action plan for promoting sustainable development (hereinafter referred to as \"SD\") in the Slovak Republic, in the section relating to the improvement of environmental education of the population and improvement of environmental education."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fred Astaire - Biography - IMDb Fred Astaire - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Fred Astaire [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 82 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (46) | Personal Quotes (26) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\" (1.75 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Fred Astaire was born in Omaha, Nebraska, to Johanna (Geilus) and Fritz Austerlitz, a brewer. Fred entered show business at age 5. He was successful both in vaudeville and on Broadway in partnership with his sister, Adele Astaire . After Adele retired to marry in 1932, Astaire headed to Hollywood. Signed to RKO, he was loaned to MGM to appear in Dancing Lady (1933) before starting work on RKO's Flying Down to Rio (1933). In the latter film, he began his highly successful partnership with Ginger Rogers , with whom he danced in 9 RKO pictures. During these years, he was also active in recording and radio. On film, Astaire later appeared opposite a number of partners through various studios. After a temporary retirement in 1945-7, during which he opened Fred Astaire Dance Studios, Astaire returned to film to star in more musicals through 1957. He subsequently performed a number of straight dramatic roles in film and TV. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Diana Hamilton <hamilton@gl.umbc.edu> [PAR] Spouse (2) [PAR] ( 12 July 1933 - 13 September 1954) (her death) (2 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (3) [PAR] Often wore top hat and tails [PAR] His unique dancing [PAR] Ending an active dance sequence by calmly strolling off [PAR] Trivia (46) [PAR] Ranked #73 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. [October 1997] [PAR] Following his death, he was interred at Oakwood Memorial Park in Chatsworth, California, where longtime dancing partner, Ginger Rogers , is located. [PAR] The evaluation of Astaire's first screen test: \"Can't act. Can't sing. Balding. Can dance a little.\" [PAR] Astaire disguised his very large hands by curling his middle two fingers while dancing. [PAR] First met lifelong best friend Irving Berlin on the set of Top Hat (1935). [PAR] After Blue Skies (1946), New York's Paramount Theater generated a petition of 10,000 names to persuade him to come out of retirement. [PAR] Born at 9:16pm-CST [PAR] The only time he and Gene Kelly ever danced together on screen (other than the linking-segments in the 1976 compilation movie, That's Entertainment, Part II (1976)) was in one routine, titled \"The Babbitt and the Bromide\" in the 1946 movie Ziegfeld Follies (1945). [PAR] Appears on the cover of The Beatles ' \"Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" album. [PAR] He was one of the first Kennedy Center Honorees in 1978. [PAR] Don McLean 's song \"Wonderful Baby\" was written with Astaire in mind; Astaire reportedly loved the song, and recorded it for an album. [PAR] Made a cameo appearance in John Lennon and Yoko Ono 's film Imagine (1972), escorting Yoko through a doorway; after one successful take, he asked to try again, believing he could do a better job. [PAR] In 2000, the following album was released as a tribute to him: \"Let Yourself Go: Celebrating Fred Astaire\". All songs were performed by Stacey Kent . [PAR] He was voted the 19th Greatest Movie Star of all time by Entertainment Weekly. [PAR] His legs were insured for one million dollars. [PAR] Famously wore a necktie around his waist instead of a belt, an affectation he picked up from his friendship with actor Douglas Fairbanks but often mistakenly attributed to Astaire alone."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PLEASE SIR! | A TELEVISION HEAVEN REVIEW PLEASE SIR! | A TELEVISION HEAVEN REVIEW [PAR] [PAR] PLEASE SIR! / THE FENN STREET GANG (1968) [PAR] Possibly inspired by the 1967 Sidney Potier movie, 'To Sir, With Love' -'Please Sir!' starred former Emergency Ward 10 actor John Alderton as newly qualified teacher Bernard Hedges (specialising in History and English), as he tried to tame the most unruly class at Fenn Street School; 5C. [PAR] On his first day at school Bernard crossed swords with caretaker Norman Potter (Deryck Guyler), a former Desert Rat with delusions of grandeur, although with some credibility as he was the right hand man of incompetent headmaster, Maurice Cromwell (Noel Howlett), who in turn was the subject of infatuation by formidable deputy head Doris Ewell (Joan Sanderson). This trio virtually ran the school much to the resignation of the rest of the disillusioned staff and the last thing they wanted to disturb the balance was a young schoolmaster fresh out of teachers training college and full of bright ideals about modern teaching. [PAR] In order to curb Bernard's na\u00efve enthusiasm it was conspired between the trio to give him a class of 'no-hopers', namely 5C. In their last year at school the pupils of this class were an uneducable bunch of delinquents who were simply biding their time until the final bell sounded on the last day of term. This of course did not involve participating in any school activities such as lessons. However, through a series of (comical) events Bernard managed to win over not only the staff but also the class of pupils (who nicknamed him 'Privet' Hedges) that contained 'hard case' Patrick Duffy (Peter Cleall), the tough talking but wimpish Frankie (Hank) Abbott (David Barry), slow witted Dennis Dunstable (Peter Denyer), flirtatious Sharon (Penny Spencer in the first two season's, Carol Hawkins thereafter), and Maureen (Liz Gebhart), who had a crush on her teacher. Support on the teacher front came from Richard Davies who gave a first class performance as the down to earth no-nonsense Welsh science teacher, Mr Price, and the aging Eric Chitty as Mr Smith, a teacher that was clearly beyond retirement age at the series outset. In fact most of the actors who played the students were already in their twenties when Please Sir! began in 1968 and two years later (at the end of the longest last year in school history) the pupils were clearly showing their age. [PAR] The series made stars of several actors although oddly none of the students found lasting television fame. LWT Head of Light Entertainment, Frank Muir, cast Alderton as Bernard Hedges after he had spotted him as a teacher in the opening episode of Never A Cross Word. After leaving Fenn Street School the actor went on to several successful series such as Upstairs, Downstairs, it's spin-off series Thomas and Sarah, the LWT sitcom No-Honestly and a series of Wodehouse plays (Wodehouse Playhouse) for BBC (all of which Alderton co-starred alongside his wife, Pauline Collins), and the BBC sitcom My Wife Next Door with Hannah Gordon. Joan Sanderson won television immortality as Mrs Richards, the hotel guest with hearing problems in Fawlty Towers and after Please Sir! had finished she teamed up again with Deryck Guyler (who was originally cast as Fenn Street's headmaster) on a BBC radio show (also penned by the same writers), You're Only Young Once. [PAR] A 1971 feature movie was released in which Bernard meets and begins to date Penny Wheeler (Jill Kerman), and this was carried on in subsequent TV series of Please Sir!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Little Bighorn - Jun 25, 1876 - HISTORY.com Battle of Little Bighorn - Jun 25, 1876 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Little Bighorn [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1876, Native American forces led by Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeat the U.S. Army troops of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer in a bloody battle near southern Montana\u2019s Little Bighorn River. [PAR] Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, leaders of the Sioux tribe on the Great Plains, strongly resisted the mid-19th-century efforts of the U.S. government to confine their people to reservations. In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota\u2019s Black Hills, the U.S. Army ignored previous treaty agreements and invaded the region. This betrayal led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations and join Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana. By the late spring of 1876, more than 10,000 Native Americans had gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River\u2013which they called the Greasy Grass\u2013in defiance of a U.S. War Department order to return to their reservations or risk being attacked. [PAR] In mid-June, three columns of U.S. soldiers lined up against the camp and prepared to march. A force of 1,200 Native Americans turned back the first column on June 17. Five days later, General Alfred Terry ordered Custer\u2019s 7th Cavalry to scout ahead for enemy troops. On the morning of June 25, Custer drew near the camp and decided to press on ahead rather than wait for reinforcements. [PAR] At mid-day, Custer\u2019s 600 men entered the Little Bighorn Valley. Among the Native Americans, word quickly spread of the impending attack. The older Sitting Bull rallied the warriors and saw to the safety of the women and children, while Crazy Horse set off with a large force to meet the attackers head on. Despite Custer\u2019s desperate attempts to regroup his men, they were quickly overwhelmed. Custer and some 200 men in his battalion were attacked by as many as 3,000 Native Americans; within an hour, Custer and every last one of his soldier were dead. [PAR] The Battle of Little Bighorn\u2013also called Custer\u2019s Last Stand\u2013marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. The gruesome fate of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. Meanwhile, the U.S. government increased its efforts to subdue the tribes. Within five years, almost all of the Sioux and Cheyenne would be confined to reservations. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Battle Of Little Bighorn | HistoryNet Battle of Little Bighorn Coverup [PAR] By Robert Nightengale [PAR] Editor\u2019s note: Like many George Armstrong Custer defenders, the author of the following article believes that Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen were to blame for the 7th Cavalry\u2019s failure in Montana 120 years ago. And, like some of those Custer defenders, the author believes that Reno and Benteen tried to hide the truth. Part of that truth, the author suggests, may have been that Colonel Custer actually crossed the Little Bighorn River and fought in the Indian village. [PAR] June 25, 1876. It has become a day of myth and mystery. On that date, Lieutenant Colonel (Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer and the 7th Cavalry fought perhaps the biggest alliance of Plains Indians hostile to the government that had ever gathered in one place. As every student of the American West knows, the 7th Cavalry lost that battle, and Custer\u2019s personal command, about 210 soldiers, was wiped out. Without a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Merchant of Venice: Character List SparkNotes: The Merchant of Venice: Character List [PAR] The Merchant of Venice [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Analysis of Major Characters [PAR] Shylock - A Jewish moneylender in Venice. Angered by his mistreatment at the hands of Venice\u2019s Christians, particularly Antonio, Shylock schemes to eke out his revenge by ruthlessly demanding as payment a pound of Antonio\u2019s flesh. Although seen by the rest of the play\u2019s characters as an inhuman monster, Shylock at times diverges from stereotype and reveals himself to be quite human. These contradictions, and his eloquent expressions of hatred, have earned Shylock a place as one of Shakespeare\u2019s most memorable characters. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Shylock. [PAR] Portia - A wealthy heiress from Belmont. Portia\u2019s beauty is matched only by her intelligence. Bound by a clause in her father\u2019s will that forces her to marry whichever suitor chooses correctly among three caskets, Portia is nonetheless able to marry her true love, Bassanio. Far and away the most clever of the play\u2019s characters, it is Portia, in the disguise of a young law clerk, who saves Antonio from Shylock\u2019s knife. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Portia. [PAR] Antonio - The merchant whose love for his friend Bassanio prompts him to sign Shylock\u2019s contract and almost lose his life. Antonio is something of a mercurial figure, often inexplicably melancholy and, as Shylock points out, possessed of an incorrigible dislike of Jews. Nonetheless, Antonio is beloved of his friends and proves merciful to Shylock, albeit with conditions. [PAR] Read an in-depth analysis of Antonio. [PAR] Bassanio - A gentleman of Venice, and a kinsman and dear friend to Antonio. Bassanio\u2019s love for the wealthy Portia leads him to borrow money from Shylock with Antonio as his guarantor. An ineffectual businessman, Bassanio proves himself a worthy suitor, correctly identifying the casket that contains Portia\u2019s portrait. [PAR] Gratiano - A friend of Bassanio\u2019s who accompanies him to Belmont. A coarse and garrulous young man, Gratiano is Shylock\u2019s most vocal and insulting critic during the trial. While Bassanio courts Portia, Gratiano falls in love with and eventually weds Portia\u2019s lady-in-waiting, Nerissa. [PAR] Jessica - Although she is Shylock\u2019s daughter, Jessica hates life in her father\u2019s house, and elopes with the young Christian gentleman, Lorenzo. The fate of her soul is often in doubt: the play\u2019s characters wonder if her marriage can overcome the fact that she was born a Jew, and we wonder if her sale of a ring given to her father by her mother is excessively callous. [PAR] Lorenzo - A friend of Bassanio and Antonio, Lorenzo is in love with Shylock\u2019s daughter, Jessica. He schemes to help Jessica escape from her father\u2019s house, and he eventually elopes with her to Belmont. [PAR] Nerissa - Portia\u2019s lady-in-waiting and confidante. She marries Gratiano and escorts Portia on Portia\u2019s trip to Venice by disguising herself as her law clerk. [PAR] Launcelot Gobbo - Bassanio\u2019s servant. A comical, clownish figure who is especially adept at making puns, Launcelot leaves Shylock\u2019s service in order to work for Bassanio. [PAR] The prince of Morocco - A Moorish prince who seeks Portia\u2019s hand in marriage. The prince of Morocco asks Portia to ignore his dark countenance and seeks to win her by picking one of the three caskets. Certain that the caskets reflect Portia\u2019s beauty and stature, the prince of Morocco picks the gold chest, which proves to be incorrect. [PAR] The prince of Arragon - An arrogant Spanish nobleman who also attempts to win Portia\u2019s hand by picking a casket. Like the prince of Morocco,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to Geneva - Ville de Gen\u00e8ve - Site officiel Welcome to Geneva - Ville de Gen\u00e8ve - Site officiel [PAR] Welcome to Geneva [PAR] \u00a9 Keystone [PAR] Known both as the \u00absmallest of big cities\u00bb, or the \u00abcity of peace\u00bb, Geneva, among other things, is home to the European headquarters of UNO. The quayside of Lake Geneva, the parks, the old alleyways and smart boutiques are an invitation to a leisurely stroll. [PAR] Geneva is linked to Europe's capital cities by its international airport, motorways and railway network. It is the seat of a number of major multinationals, as well as the International Red Cross Committee. [PAR] International city [PAR] What is so special about Geneva for the Swiss and the rest of the world? The answer is that it has far greater international influence than any other city of 200'000 inhabitants. Today, Switzerland's second largest city is home to around twenty international organisations. The permanent missions of over 160 States represent their governments in the city's international conferences and organisations. [PAR] Geneva is a centre focused on the international economy. Whether private corporate or business, finance, in its widest sense, undeniably plays a major economic role in Geneva, which is a base for around a hundred foreign banks.[DOC] [TLE] Geneva - Lonely Planet Geneva - Lonely Planet [PAR] Geneva [PAR] Community [PAR] Welcome to Geneva [PAR] Sleek, slick and cosmopolitan, Geneva is a rare breed of city: it's among Europe's priciest, its people chatter in every language and it's constantly perceived as the Swiss capital (it isn't). Superbly strung around the shores of Europe's largest Alpine lake, Switzerland's second-largest city has only half the population of Z\u00fcrich; yet the whole world is here: 200-odd governmental and nongovernmental international... Read More [PAR] Top experiences in Geneva [PAR] See all sights [PAR] Amazing hotels and hostels [PAR] We've pre-picked the best hotels, hostels and bed and breakfasts to make your stay as enjoyable as possible. [PAR] Check-in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Review: The Hunger Games | dfuse.in Review: The Hunger Games | dfuse.in [PAR] Review: The Hunger Games [PAR] March 25, 2012 [PAR] Set in the futuristic North American nation of Panem, The Hunger Games is based on the 2008 best-selling novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins. The plot is fairly simple. Out of 12 poverty-stricken districts, one girl and one boy between the age of 12 and 16 are selected to represent their district in a reality show of sorts where everyone goes on a killing spree, and ultimately there is only one victor, who is showered with wealth and respect. [PAR] The game is televised for all the viewers, and can be manipulated to any extent by the creators. The people believe that the hunger games are the only way that they can \u201cremember their past and safeguard their future.\u201d It acts as a reminder to them that their freedom had been obtained with a heavy cost. The participants are transferred to the Capitol, where they are trained in the art of survival and warfare before they enter the arena to fight it out. [PAR] Katniss Everdeen, (Jennifer Laerence), volunteers for her district when her sister\u2019s name is picked in the lots. Along with her partner Peeta, she goes on to represent District 12 at the 74th Edition of \u2018The Hunger Games\u2019. The film raises several issues like poverty and inequality, but the one that it manages to showcase very well is the control of the state over individuals. [PAR] Everyone\u2019s acting cannot be termed as \u2018phenomenal\u2019, but Jennifer Lawrence and Stanley Tucci, who plays the television host for \u2018The Hunger Games\u2019 deserve a round of applause for keeping the audience captivated throughout the movie. Woody Harrelson as Haymitch, a former winner of this show, backs them up well. [PAR] What stands out in the movie is the exceptional usage of both audio (especially the mockingjays and the soundtrack for death) and visual effects. It ensures that the movie does not stagnate at any point of time and keeps the suspense on a continuous rise. Some brilliant still photography by Murray Close adds to its brilliance. Every frame has been composed beautifully, thereby making this movie a visual treat. [PAR] Though the movie constantly reminded me of \u2018The Triwizard Tournament\u2019 from Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire, some of the characters look as if they have popped out of Tim Burton\u2019s imagination. It manages to remain extremely fast-paced and give the viewer an adrenaline rush within every few minutes. The Hunger Games stands out to be a good story which has been executed brilliantly. Watch it \u2013 it definitely an investment worth making. [PAR] http://www.facebook.com/theofficialfalah Falah St Jimmy Faisal [PAR] mediocre film, bad review[DOC] [TLE] the hunger games_film - \u5fc5\u5e94 - bing.com the hunger games_film - \u5fc5\u5e94 [PAR] The Hunger Games Plot [PAR] As punishment for a past rebellion, each of the twelve districts of Panem is forced by the victorious Capitol to annually select by lot two tributes, one boy and one girl between the ages of 12 and 18, to fight to the death in the Hunger Games. In District 12, Katniss Everdeen volunteers when her younger sister Primrose is initially chosen. She and the male tribute, Peeta Mellark, are escorted to the Capitol by chaperone Effie Trinket and their mentor Haymitch Abernathy, a past District 12 victor and alcoholic. Haymitch impresses on them the importance of gaining sponsors, as they can provide gifts of food and supplies during the Games. During part of a series of televised interviews, Peeta publicly expresses"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Varig Airlines (RG) : Find Varig Airlines Flights and ... Varig Airlines (RG) : Find Varig Airlines Flights and Deals \u2013 CheapOair [PAR] Sample Deals from [PAR] [PAR] * All fares below were last found on: . Fares are round trip. Fares incl. all fuel surcharges, our service fees and taxes . Displayed fares are based on historical data, are subject to change and cannot be guaranteed at the time of booking. See all booking terms and conditions [PAR] To Depart Return Sample Fares* [PAR] Call 1-855-437-2161 for deals too good to be published.Call 1-855-437-2161 for deals too good to be published. [PAR] Varig Airlines Alternatives with CheapOair [PAR] Founded way back in 1927, Varig (RG) was the flag carrier airline of Brazil based out of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was Brazil\u2019s leading airline during the period from 1965 to 1990 flying to destinations in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Venezuela and Columbia. It had its hubs in S\u00e3o Paulo-Guarulhos and Rio de Janeiro-Gale\u00e3o. A member of the Star Alliance, Varig floated a frequent flyer program called Smiles. [PAR] With headquarters in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre, Varig flew to many popular destinations like Bras\u00edlia, Buenos Aires, Bogota, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Paris, New York and San Francisco. It had a fleet of sleek airplanes. It went into judicial reorganizations in 2005 and eventually had to cease operations in 2006 due to a split within the organization. [PAR] Get there on time, every time! Check your flight status here."
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers - British ... British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers - British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchs And Their Prime Ministers [PAR] 10, DOWNING STREET [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The five major political parties of the United Kingdom are the Liberal Democrats, the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Green Party and the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). [PAR] [PAR] The Liberal Democrats - who were originally founded in 1678 under the name of the Whig Party. During their history they have also been known as the Peelite Party, the Radicals and the Liberal Party. They have a classic liberalism and social liberalism ideology. [PAR] [PAR] The Conservative Party - also known as the Tories, which is a centre right party with a conservatism and strong British unity ideology, whose movement was founded in 1834. [PAR] The Labour Party - which is a centre left party with a socialist ideology, whose movement was founded in 1900. [PAR] [PAR] The Green Party - which is a centre left party with a strong environmentalist and eco-socialism ideology, which was founded in 1990. [PAR] [PAR] The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) - which is a far right party with an anti-federalist and right wing populism ideology, whose movement was founded in 1993. [PAR] [PAR] Major regional nationalist parties around the United Kingdom include; [PAR] The Ulster Unionist Party - which was formed in 1905, and The Democratic Ulster Unionist Party, formed in 1971, both of which are the two main political parties within Northern Ireland. [PAR] [PAR] Plaid Cymru - which was formed in 1925 and is a social democratic party striving for nationalism and independence in Wales. [PAR] The Scottish Nationalist Party - which was formed in 1934, which is a social democratic party striving for nationalism and independence in Scotland. [PAR] [PAR] U.K STAMPS ISSUED ON THE 14th OF OCTOBER 2014 [PAR] DEPICTING EIGHT FORMER PRIME MINISTERS [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The position of British Prime Minister was never created, but evolved over a number of years. Because of this modern historians have given the title of first British Prime Minister to that of Sir Robert Walpole, who ran King George I's government from 1721 - 1742, making his twenty one year tenure the longest of any British prime minister. [PAR] As Great Britain is a monarchy, both the government and monarchy were originally run as a single entity, with the highest ministerial position, that of the Lord of the Treasurer. [PAR] [PAR] After every British election, the leader of the winning party is invited to form a government by the serving monarch. [PAR] [PAR] As a serving prime minister, the man or woman who holds this title is the only person in the United Kingdom who is allowed to sit in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The prime minister is a commoner, therefore he or she is eligible to sit in the House of Commons, but the Lord of the Treasurer, which is one of the automatic titles of the prime minister, is a lord, thus enabling him or her to sit in the House of Lords. Even the monarch is denied this privilege, as two of the monarch's titles are Lord of Man and Lord High Admiral of the British Navy, thus only enabling him or her entry into the House of Lords. [PAR] At the end of a prime minister's tenure, it is customary for the monarch to award the outgoing prime minister with the Most Noble Order of the Garter, or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Shoat - definition of shoat by The Free Dictionary Shoat - definition of shoat by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Shoat - definition of shoat by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/shoat [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] shoat [PAR] A young pig just after weaning. [PAR] [Middle English shote, perhaps of Middle Low German origin.] [PAR] shoat [PAR] (Agriculture) a piglet that has recently been weaned [PAR] [C15: related to West Flemish schote] [PAR] shoat [PAR] sucking pig - an unweaned piglet [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] young mammal [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] When he returned, the big, kindly man came with him, and in Martin's arms there squealed and wriggled a shoat. [PAR] Mark your calendar [PAR] It's near this northeastern corner of the shoat that dozens of skiffs sometimes congregate for morning bait catching chores, but bait can often also be found all along the shoal or scattered over the lush grass beds which are found on the south side. [PAR] The quest for a grand slam [PAR] In the name of the wanker, the sod and the holy shoat, I pronounce you bubble and squeak. [PAR] No reports about presence of terrorists, training of terrorism in seminaries: Education minister [PAR] Characteristics and titers of antibodies to leptospires of 25 seropositive wild boars, Berlin, fall/winter, 2005-06 Boar characteristics Sex ([dagger]) Age, y Place of death ([double dagger]) ([section]) M Adult 1 M Adult 1 F Adult 1 M Adult 1 M Yearling 1 M Adult 1 M Yearling 1 F Yearling 1 M Shoat 1 M Adult 2 F Shoat 2 F Yearling 3 F Adult 3 F Yearling 3 F Yearling 3 F Adult 3 F Adult 3 M Yearling 3 NK Yearling 4 F Shoat 4 F Adult 5 M Shoat 6 F Shoat 7 F Shoat 7 M Adult 7 Boar characteristics Leptospira spp."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Andrews - Old Course - 1st tee and 18th green St. Andrews - Old Course - 1st tee and 18th green [PAR] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [PAR] Old Course - 1st tee and 18th green [PAR] [PAR] Visit: The Royal & Ancient Golf Club | St. Andrews Links Trust | Rusacks Hotel | The Old Course Hotel | Tom Morris Golf Shop | Starter's Box | Caddie Pavilion [PAR] Old Course - 1st tee and 18th green [PAR] The Old Course is a public course, held in trust by The St.Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The old course is the only public course in St.Andrews which requires a certificate of handicap or a letter of introduction from a golf club in order to play. Several tee times are allocated each day by ballot. (See the golf page for details)[DOC] [TLE] Old Course teeming with British Open history - USA TODAY Old Course teeming with British Open history [PAR] Old Course teeming with British Open history [PAR] ST. ANDREWS, Scotland \u2013 In a small corner of the ancient ruins of the Cathedral of St. [PAR] Post to Facebook [PAR] Old Course teeming with British Open history ST. ANDREWS, Scotland \u2013 In a small corner of the ancient ruins of the Cathedral of St. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1J0BoPj [PAR] CancelSend [PAR] A link has been sent to your friend's email address. [PAR] Posted! [PAR] A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. [PAR] 5 [PAR] To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs [PAR] Old Course teeming with British Open history [PAR] Steve DiMeglio , USA TODAY Sports Published 12:35 p.m. ET July 15, 2015 | Updated 7:04 p.m. ET July 15, 2015 [PAR] CLOSE [PAR] x [PAR] Share [PAR] Steve DiMeglio examines Jordan Spieth's quest for a third straight Major, and how a win at the 2015 Open Championship would affect his place in golf history. USA TODAY Sports [PAR] Phil Mickelson tees off on the 18th hole during a practice round for the 144th Open Championship at Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews. [PAR] (Photo: Brian Spurlock, USA TODAY Sports) [PAR] ST. ANDREWS, Scotland \u2014 In a small corner of the ancient ruins of the Cathedral of St. Andrews, founded in 1158 and still unyielding to the forceful elements blowing in off the North Sea, golf royalty Old Tom Morris and his son, Young Tom, lay side by side in rest. [PAR] The tranquil setting nobly speaks to this tiny village's two powerful allies \u2013 history and golf. Around nearly every dogleg in this community there are reminders of centuries past and of a game born here in the 12th century. [PAR] At the junction of Links Place and Golf Place, for instance, is the Old Course of St. Andrews Links, where some form of golf has been played across the treeless stretch of turf for hundreds of years \u2013 except in the 15th century when the parliaments of three successive Scottish kings prohibited the game. [PAR] It is here at the Home of Golf where the 144th edition of the British Open will be contested starting Thursday. It's where the bearded Old Tom Morris made feather-stuffed golf balls and wooden clubs while wearing tweed jackets; he was the course's greenkeeper and professional until his death in 1908. He won four of the first eight editions of the British Open; his son would win four consecutive Opens starting in 1868. [PAR] Looking to make history, Jordan Spieth not fazed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Catherine Dickens finds a 21st century ally in Lillian ... Catherine Dickens finds a 21st century ally in Lillian Nayder | Bates Magazine | Bates College [PAR] A memorial page for Bates community members [PAR] Catherine Dickens finds a 21st century ally in Lillian Nayder [PAR] After 22 years of marriage and 10 children, Charles Dickens famously dumped his wife, Catherine Dickens, in 1858. [PAR] Wielding the power of his pen, he alleged that Catherine was mentally unbalanced and an unfit wife and mother; in truth, he wanted to take up with a younger woman, actress Ellen Ternan. [PAR] For years, critics and biographers took his word for it. Now, Professor of English Lillian Nayder has debunked the novelist\u2019s unkind portrayal of his wife with her 2010 biography, The Other Dickens: A Life of Catherine Hogarth. [PAR] Professor of English Lillian Nayder, photographed by Phyllis Graber Jensen. [PAR] How did you get interested in Catherine Dickens? [PAR] It was curious to me that Catherine was always dismissed by critics, while Dickens\u2019 side of the story was always accepted \u2014 even though there was plenty of evidence to suggest that he had fabricated tales about his wife. Critics just didn\u2019t want to go there. Charles Dickens has shaped the language of her story \u2014 and he told a lot of lies about her. [PAR] Such as? [PAR] He wrote a letter that made its way into the New York Tribune, the so-called \u201cViolated Letter,\u201d in which he said that the \u201cpeculiarity of her character\u201d had \u201cthrown all the children\u201d onto the care of Catherine\u2019s sister Georgina, the Dickens family housekeeper. Untrue. [PAR] It\u2019s a complicated family plot. Catherine\u2019s sisters \u2014 Mary and Georgina \u2014 have always been portrayed as taking his side. [PAR] Dickens\u2019 various claims to and about them have cheapened and obscured the relationships among all the sisters. After the 1858 separation, Georgina chose to stay in Charles Dickens\u2019 household, so that\u2019s always been a particularly gnarly issue. There was a third sister, Helen \u2014 Catherine\u2019s close friend and ally \u2014 but she\u2019s been ignored until now. [PAR] Why did Charles Dickens treat his wife that way? [PAR] He had some real explaining to do if he was going to force his wife out of the house. But he couldn\u2019t admit publicly that it was because he was interested in a young woman the same age as one of his daughters. Divorce wasn\u2019t an option because one had to show that adultery had been committed by the husband or the wife. Dickens didn\u2019t want to go there. He was the novelist of hearth and home. [PAR] You looked at the couple\u2019s sex life, too. [PAR] By knowing the time intervals between a woman\u2019s deliveries and conceptions, we can use mathematical models to determine the sexual activity of a couple that isn\u2019t using contraception. Critics have always claimed that Dickens, by 1850, had lost interest in his wife, but their sex life was as active in the early 1850s as it was in the early 1840s. [PAR] To give you one example, the 310-day interval between Catherine\u2019s eighth delivery and her next conception in 1849 is about the same as the interval after her second delivery in 1838 and suggests four acts of intercourse per month. [PAR] What did you interpret from Charles\u2019 practicing mesmerism, what we call hypnotism today? [PAR] He did mesmerize Catherine \u2014 initially in Pittsburgh during the 1842 American tour \u2014 but it didn\u2019t have any therapeutic rationale because Catherine wasn\u2019t ailing. I think he wanted to demonstrate that he could, in fact, control"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Suriname country profile BBC News - Suriname country profile [PAR] Printable version [PAR] Suriname country profile [PAR] Suriname, once known as Dutch Guiana, is one of South America's smallest countries. It enjoys a relatively high standard of living but also faces serious political and economic challenges. [PAR] Since independence from the Netherlands in 1975 Suriname has endured coups and a civil war. Former military strongman Desi Bouterse dominated politics for much of the post-independence era, but the country is now under civilian rule. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Media [PAR] Suriname is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the Americas. Most of its people are descended from African slaves and Indian and Indonesian indentured servants brought over by the Dutch to work as agricultural labourers. [PAR] However, there is little assimilation between the different ethnic groups, which confine their contacts to the economic sphere. Similarly, most political parties are ethnically based. This acts as an obstacle to consensus-building. [PAR] Suriname has potential for tourism, boasting rainforests, abundant wildlife and colonial architecture in the capital. But the sector is undeveloped, hampered by the inaccessibility of the interior and the lack of infrastructure. So, Suriname depends heavily on mining and processing its declining reserves of bauxite and is vulnerable to falls in commodity prices. [PAR] Suriname and neighbouring Guyana have been engaged in a long-running territorial dispute over a potentially oil-rich offshore area. A UN tribunal settled the issue in 2007, redrawing the maritime border and giving both countries access to the basin. The ruling is expected to bring a surge of exploration by major oil companies. [PAR] The issue flared up in 2000 when Surinamese patrol boats evicted a Canadian-owned rig from a concession awarded by Guyana. [PAR] Facts [PAR] Media [PAR] President: Desire \"Desi\" Bouterse [PAR] The former military leader of Suriname in the 1980s and early 1990s, Desi Bouterse won enough parliamentary support in July 2010 to be elected president. [PAR] Desi Bouterse first led Suriname following a coup in 1980 [PAR] This followed his Mega Combination coalition's winning 23 out of the 51 seats in parliament in May, thereby becoming the largest single party. [PAR] He won the presidency with the help of two smaller parties after weeks of strenuous efforts by the opposition to stop him. [PAR] Mr Bouterse's election campaign concentrated on winning over poorer voters who felt let down by the previous government's economic austerity programme. [PAR] Mr Bouterse is a controversial figure. In 2007, he was put on trial for allegedly ordering the killing of 15 political opponents as military ruler in 1982. [PAR] But the slow-moving case was put on hold when parliament passed a law giving Mr Bouterse and his 24 co-defendants blanket immunity for human rights violations committed during military rule. [PAR] The amnesty law provoked outrage among his opponents, while former colonial power the Netherlands recalled its ambassador and froze aid in protest. [PAR] In 1999, the Netherlands convicted Mr Bouterse in absentia of drug-trafficking in 1999. He denied all charges in the case. As head of state he is immune from prosecution abroad. [PAR] Media"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) - IMDb One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ( 1975 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 30 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 28 Dec 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 20 Jan 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 17 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Title: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) [PAR] 8.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 5 Oscars. Another 30 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. [PAR] Director: Jonathan Demme [PAR] A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. [PAR] Director: Stanley Kubrick [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] The aging patriarch of an organized crime dynasty transfers control of his clandestine empire to his reluctant son. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] In German-occupied Poland during World War II, Oskar Schindler gradually becomes concerned for his Jewish workforce after witnessing their persecution by the Nazi Germans. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. [PAR] Director: Sam Mendes [PAR] Mathilda, a 12-year-old girl, is reluctantly taken in by L\u00e9on, a professional assassin, after her family is murdered. L\u00e9on and Mathilda form an unusual relationship, as she becomes his prot\u00e9g\u00e9e and learns the assassin's trade. [PAR] Director: Luc Besson [PAR] The early life and career of Vito Corleone in 1920s New York is portrayed while his son, Michael, expands and tightens his grip on the family crime syndicate. [PAR] Director: Francis Ford Coppola [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] McMurphy has a criminal past and has once again gotten himself"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Political Map of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia ... Political Map of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam - Atlapedia\u00ae Online [PAR] Myanmar [PAR] Myanmar is located on the mainland of South East Asia. It is bound by China to the north and northeast, Laos to the east, Thailand to the east and southeast, India to the northwest, Bangladesh to the west and the Andaman Sea to the south.... [PAR] Thailand [PAR] Thailand is located in the center of mainland South East Asia. It is bound by the Andaman Sea to the west, Myanmar to the west and northwest, Laos to the east and northeast, Cambodia to the east as well as Malaysia and the Gulf of Thailand to the south....[DOC] [TLE] Thailand National Profile - History and Culture Thailand National Profile - History and Culture [PAR] Chiang Mai , population 146,000 [PAR] Government [PAR] Thailand is a constitutional monarchy under the beloved king, Bhumibol Adulyadej , who has reigned since 1946. King Bhumibol is the world's longest-serving head of state. Thailand's current Prime Minister is Yingluck Shinawatra, who assumed office as the first ever female in that role on August 5, 2011. [PAR] Language [PAR] Thailand's official language is Thai, a tonal language from the Tai-Kadai family of East Asia. Thai has a unique alphabet derived from the Khmer script, which is itself descended from the Brahmic Indian writing system. Written Thai first appeared around 1292 A.D. [PAR] Commonly used minority languages in Thailand include Lao, Yawi (Malay), Teochew, Mon, Khmer, Viet, Cham, Hmong, Akhan, and Karen. [PAR] Population [PAR] Thailand's estimated population as of 2007 was 63,038,247. The population density is 317 people per square mile. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know [PAR] The vast majority are ethnic Thais, who make up about 80% of the population. There is also a large ethnic Chinese minority, comprising about 14% of the population. Unlike the Chinese in many neighboring Southeast Asian countries, the Sino-Thai are well-integrated into their communities. Other ethnic minorities include the Malay, Khmer , Mon, and Vietnamese. Northern Thailand also is home to small mountain tribes such as the Hmong , Karen , and Mein, with a total population of less than 800,000. [PAR] Religion [PAR] Thailand is a deeply spiritual country, with 95% of the population belonging to the Theravada branch of Buddhism. Visitors will see gold-spired Buddhist stupas scattered all across the country. [PAR] Muslims, mostly of Malay origin, make up 4.5% of the population. They are located primarily in the far south of the country, in the provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, and Songkhla Chumphon. [PAR] Thailand also hosts tiny populations of Sikhs , Hindus , Christians (mostly Catholics), and Jews. [PAR] Geography [PAR] Thailand covers 514,000 square kilometers (198,000 square miles) at the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Cambodia , and Malaysia . [PAR] The Thai coastline stretches for 3,219 km along both the Gulf of Thailand on the Pacific side, and the Andaman Sea on the Indian Ocean side. The west coast was devastated by the Southeast Asian tsunami in December of 2004, which swept across the Indian Ocean from its epicenter off Indonesia. [PAR] The highest point in Thailand is Doi Inthanon, at 2,565 meters (8,415 feet). The lowest point is the Gulf of Thailand, at sea level . [PAR] Climate [PAR] Thailand's weather is ruled by the tropical monsoons, with a rainy season from June through October, and a dry season beginning in November. Average annual temperatures are a high of 38\u00b0 C (100\u00b0"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Actaeon - Greek Mythology Link - maicar.com Actaeon - Greek Mythology Link [PAR] About \u2022 Copyright \u00a9 1997 Carlos Parada and Maicar F\u00f6rlag. [PAR] Actaeon [PAR] advanced [PAR] Actaeon, having surprised Artemis and her train of nymphs in the bath, is turned into a stag. 3320: German work from the 17th century AD. Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg. [PAR] Actaeon is the hunter who was torn to pieces by his own dogs after having been turned into a stag by Artemis , whom he had seen unrobed. [PAR] Misfortune [PAR] Actaeon\u2019s own death is what made him famous, for there are almost no accounts of his life, except that he was trained by the Centaur Chiron to be a hunter. And, they say, it was not any crime of his the cause of his death, but mere mischance. For not knowing anything about the secret cave of Artemis in the vale of Gargaphia, Actaeon came wandering with his dogs after a day of hunt, and entered the cave when the goddess of the wild woods was preparing to bathe in the waters of the spring Parthenius together with the nymphs who attended her. [PAR] Artemis uses water instead of arrows [PAR] When Actaeon came into the cave, the girls, with loud cries, thronged around Artemis trying to hide her body with their own. But Artemis , standing head and shoulders over the rest, took up the water and flung it into Actaeon\u2019s face saying: [PAR] \u201cNow you are free to tell that you have seen me all unrobed\u0097if you can tell.\u201d ( Artemis to Actaeon. Ovid, Metamorphoses 3.192). [PAR] So soon the goddess had uttered those words, Actaeon began to turn into a stag, much as the Cretan Siproites had his sex changed by Artemis when he saw the goddes bathing. And when the transformation was completed, the goddess planted fear within his heart, and the stag Actaeon fled away. His dogs then went after him, pursuing him in all grounds around Mount Cithaeron\u0097between Boeotia and Attica\u0097and having finally caught him, the dogs buried their fangs in his body until there was no place for further wounds, thus causing his death. That was the misfortune of Actaeon. For not knowing what he did, he came to be punished and suffered to be hunted, just as he had hunted. Because of this deed, some deemed Artemis to be more cruel, but others judged her act worthy of her virginity. [PAR] Arrogance [PAR] Yet it has also been told that Actaeon presented himself as superior to Artemis as a hunter, being his boast the reason behind his unfortunate fate. And again, others say that Actaeon came into the cave, and tried to ravish the goddess who, in her anger, made horns grow on his head, turning him into a stag. Still others say that Actaeon, upon dedicating the fruits of his hunting to Artemis , purposed to marry her at the temple of the goddess. Yet others affirm that what happened to Actaeon was conceived by Zeus because Actaeon loved Semele , the mother of Dionysus 2 . Artemis then cast a deer-skin round Actaeon to make sure that his dogs would kill him, so as to prevent him to marry Semele . [PAR] Grief [PAR] In any case, when Actaeon was gone, the dogs are said to have sought their master, howling in grief. Searching for him, it is told, they came to the cave of the Centaur Chiron , who made an image of the unfortunate Actaeon to soothe their grief. The death of Actaeon was much"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] African Serval Cats - Valley Stable & Exotics African Serval Cats - Valley Stable & Exotics [PAR] African Serval Cats [PAR] Serval Cat (Felis serval)or(Leptailarus serval) [PAR] Family Order: Felidae Carnivora [PAR] Local names: Mondo (Kiswahili), Emmondo (Luganda and many other languages), Monzo (Kirabai), Engalirao (Lukonjo), Orumberembere (Lugbara), Munjuli (Kinyiha), rndama mweli (Luhya), Lutuku (Lugisu), Kurrbalit (Sebel), Kworo (Lwo), Bisdinaad (Somali) [PAR] Measurements [PAR] head and body: 67 \u2013 100 cm [PAR] height: 54 \u2013 62 cm [PAR] weight: 13 (10 \u2013 18) kg males [PAR] 11 (8.7 \u2013 12.5) kg females [PAR] Color\u2013 Spotted patterns of brown, tan, and black (Miniature Cheetah) [PAR] Weight\u2013 18 LB. TO 44 LB. [PAR] Height\u2013 Average of 24 inches at shoulders; long slender legs and body [PAR] Life Span\u2013 Approx. 20 years [PAR] Disposition\u2013 Curious, adaptable, playful through out their entire life. They bond closely as kittens for a life long relationship with their owners. Each individual cat has it\u2019s own distinct personality. [PAR] Housing\u2013 Your home is all that is necessary for a single Serval kept as a house cat but an additional outside enclosure is nice for the feline. The Serval can be litter trained just as the common domestic house cat. Some Servals sleep with their owners and for some this is fun and enjoyable however, a thirty pound cat on a three A.M. hunting excursion through your bedroom can be a memorable experience! [PAR] Feed Requirements\u2013 We recommend Zu-Preem brand feline diet, which is specifically designed for non-domestic felidae, as the sole source of feed and nourishment for the Serval. Occasionally, some of the Hills Science Feline-CD Diet is a good idea because its hard dry texture is beneficial to the Servals dental health. This is a good preventative measure as you will find most dentists reluctant to treat these fuzzy friendly felines!! The average adult Serval will consume approx. $25.00 dollars worth of Zu-Preem per month which is very comparable to the usual feed cost for the common family pet \u201cRover\u201d. Both of the above mentioned feeds can be purchased from your local veterinarian\u2019s office. [PAR] Health Care\u2013 An identical regimen of annual vaccinations and worming programs ,as is required by the common American Short Hair, is all that is necessary to keep the Serval maintained in excellent health. We do recommend having all four paws of your Serval declawed between four to six months of age. [PAR] The best description one can give a person that has no idea what an African Serval Cat is would be to say it looks like a miniature cheetah. Most people have seen a cheetah on the Discovery Channel or a National Geographic special, so this at least gives them some idea of what the creature looks like. Of course, the size of the two felines is quite different along with many other differences but the colors and markings of the two felines are similar and a good starting point. [PAR] [PAR] To be more specific, the Serval is one of the few spotted cats not on the endangered species list. The formal biological description of the Serval would be: FAMILY:-felidae, ORDER:-carnivora, SPECIES-felis(leptailurus)serval. The species was formerly termed Leptailurus Serval, with a sub-species called the Servaline because of the different color pattern (more numerous smaller sized spots) until both were found in the same areas of Africa and eventually found to be present in a single litter of cubs. [PAR] The differences have now been attributed to the slightly different camouflage needed in the different geographical areas in which the cat resides. However, even though it has been determined"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Doors' Jim Morrison died 40 years ago - NY Daily News The Doors' Jim Morrison died 40 years ago - NY Daily News [PAR] Jim Morrison died 40 years ago: The Doors singer was found unresponsive in a bathtub in Paris [PAR] The Doors' Jim Morrison died 40 years ago [PAR] The Doors singer Jim Morrison died forty years ago on July 3, 1971 in Paris, France. [PAR] (Thomas Monaster) [PAR] DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER [PAR] Sunday, July 3, 2011, 12:27 PM [PAR] Forty years ago today, Jim Morrison died at the age of 27 -- and broke on through to the other side. [PAR] The Doors singer's body was discovered by his girlfriend, Pamela Courson , in a bathtub in his Paris apartment on July, 3 1971. [PAR] Persuant to French law, no autopsy was performed on Morrison because foul play was not suspected -- and that only added to the mystery surrounding his death. [PAR] After returning to the U.S. , Courson told Danny Sugerman , the manager of The Doors, that Morrison had died of a heroin overdose after ingesting what he thought was cocaine. Later, Sugerman says Courson, a heroin addict herself, changed her story a number of times, and even admitted she had killed Morrison. [PAR] Twenty years after Morrison's death, friends Alain Ronay and Agnes Varda broke their silence and gave their account of what happened that day. [PAR] The two admitted that when they arrived at Morrison's apartment, Courson told them that they had both taken heroin after a night of drinking, and Morrison began coughing so badly, he was vomiting blood. When he seemed better, she went to sleep. But when she awoke a short time later, she found him in the bath unresponsive and called for help. [PAR] Other conspiracy theories include that Morrison overdosed in a bathroom at Paris\u2019 Rock 'n' Roll Circus nightclub, and was then dumped in his bathtub by two drug dealers. [PAR] Morrison's body is buried in the Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, and has become one of the city's most-visited tourist attractions. [PAR] Three years after Morrison's death, Courson overdosed on heroin in California . [PAR] Morrison formed The Doors in 1965 with Ray Manzarek , John Densmore and Robby Krieger . Until his death, they released six studio albums together and scored hits with \"Break on Through (To the Other Side),\" \"Light My Fire,\" \"Hello, I Love You\" and \"Riders on the Storm.\"[DOC] [TLE] Jim Morrison Biography (Rock Musician) - Infoplease Jim Morrison Biography (Rock Musician) [PAR] Died: 3 July 1971 (heart failure) [PAR] Birthplace: Melbourne, Florida [PAR] Best known as: Lead singer of the band The Doors [PAR] Jim Morrison was the lead singer and lyricist for the rock band The Doors, who emerged from the Los Angeles clubs to be one of the top national acts at the close of the 1960s. Morrison was an early prototype of the self-destructive rock icon: handsome, troubled, distant and yet charismatic. The Doors were created in 1965 by Morrison and keyboardist Ray Manzarek; they were joined by John Densmore and Robby Krieger. Their 1967 album The Doors was a huge hit, thanks to the single \"Light My Fire.\" More albums followed, including Strange Days (1967), Waiting for the Sun (1968, with the single \"Hello, I Love You\") and LA Woman (1971, with the gloomy, dreamy single \"Riders on the Storm\"). Morrison's dark and psychedelic lyrics were both popular and controversial, as were his onstage antics: in 1969 he was arrested for exposing himself to concertgoers in Miami, Florida. His abuse of alcohol"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Pain Body | Skills For Awakening The Pain Body | HeartSourcing [PAR] The Pain Body [PAR] The Pain Body [PAR] Many stressful emotional patterns repeat themselves again and again. [PAR] This is the invisible threat of Self-Sabotage. And it is invisible simply because it is an unconscious pattern that repeats itself. [PAR] Who doesn\u2019t know a couple for instance, who love each other deeply, and yet have regular conflicts, often about the same meaningless things that they argued about decades ago? Who hasn\u2019t had the thought during very happy times: \u201cThis is too good to last!\u201d Who hasn\u2019t noticed repetitive patterns of self-inflicted suffering? [PAR] Who is not touched by the impact of recurring times of sadness, anxiety, anger, or self-defeating behaviors? [PAR] There is an unseen force that causes us to unconsciously seek pain over and over again. Of course no one would do this consciously. No one likes to suffer. And yet we unconsciously create repetitive and unnecessary conflicts. [PAR] These self-destructive habit patterns are known as the Pain Body. It is a powerful unconscious force with great momentum. It\u2019s purpose is to continue the pattern \u2013 to bring us pain. [PAR] In his book \u201cA New Earth\u201d Eckhart Tolle describes the pain body as a \u2018psychic parasite\u2019 that possesses you and causes you suffering. Everyone, but the truly enlightened, is infected to some extent. [PAR] In most people the Pain Body is dormant for some time and then awakens to assert itself and replenish its energies. And it derives its energy from pain. Pain is its food. [PAR] Here is an example of how you can notice the pain body: [PAR] It can happen sometimes in the beginning of an argument with someone. You catch yourself saying some unkind words and you think, \u201cWhy am I saying this? I know where this will lead. It will lead to a conflict and I don\u2019t want a conflict.\u201d But then those words come out of your mouth anyway and the conflict takes its course. [PAR] At first, before the Pain Body took over, there was still enough of you awake to have this awareness, but not enough to stop the words. Then, after the conflict, the Pain Body has fed itself and goes back to sleep again. [PAR] Maybe you thought, \u201cMy God what possessed me to say the things I said?\u201d Well now you know. [PAR] The Pain Body is the shadow aspect of our being, the emotional part of the ego. If we want to live in harmony with ourselves and the world, we need to dissolve it. [PAR] We create our own reality through our thinking and our emotional patterns. Until we change them, the same problems are likely to happen again and again, including our tendency to self-sabotage to keep the patterns in place. This is how we can stay stuck for a long time. [PAR] Some interesting self-sabotage events are completely unforeseeable events that interfere with your life. Most people would not ever suspect that such events can have anything to do with their own subconscious mind \u2013 until such events repeat themselves at similar junctions in life. Another form of self-sabotage are what we might call \u2018metaphysical delusions,\u2019 the conviction that grace will take care of you, that all is really fine, or that no action on your part is necessary. The truth however is that grace comes to us in exact proportion to self-effort. While grace is free and abundant, we have to make the effort to become able vessels of that grace. [PAR] The resolution of this challenge"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mont Blanc Tunnel | tunnel, France-Italy | Britannica.com Mont Blanc Tunnel | tunnel, France-Italy | Britannica.com [PAR] Mont Blanc Tunnel [PAR] Alternative Titles: Mont Blanc Vehicular Tunnel, Mount Blanc Tunnel [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Holland Tunnel [PAR] Mont Blanc Tunnel, major Alpine automotive tunnel connecting France and Italy . It is 7.3 miles (11.7 km) long and is driven under the highest mountain in Europe . The tunnel is notable for its solution of a difficult ventilation problem and for being the first large rock tunnel to be excavated full-face\u2014i.e., with the entire diameter of the tunnel bore drilled and blasted. Otherwise it was conventionally driven from two headings, the Italian and French crews beginning work in 1958 and 1959, respectively, and meeting in August 1962. Many difficulties, including an avalanche that swept the Italian camp, were overcome, and, when the tunnel opened in 1965, it was the longest vehicular tunnel in the world. It fulfilled a 150-year-old dream and is of great economic importance, providing a significantly shortened year-round automotive route between the two countries. In March 1999, however, a two-day fire killed 39 people and caused extensive damage to the tunnel, forcing it to close. It reopened to car traffic in March 2002 and to trucks and buses in the following months. Protestors, citing environmental and safety concerns, opposed the tunnel\u2019s reopening, especially its use by heavy trucks. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in tunnels and underground excavations: Heavy ground [PAR] ...large increases of time and funds are invariably required to deal with it. Special techniques have generally been evolved on the job, as indicated by a few of the numerous examples. On the 7.2-mile Mont Blanc Vehicular Tunnel of 32-foot size under the Alps in 1959\u201363, a pilot bore ahead helped greatly to reduce rock bursts by relieving the high geostress. The 5-mile, 14-foot El Colegio... [PAR] More about Mont Blanc Tunnel [PAR] 1 Reference found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted Reference [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Article Title: Mont Blanc Tunnel [PAR] Website Name: Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica [PAR] Date Published: August 23, 2002"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] onager | mammal | Britannica.com onager | mammal | Britannica.com [PAR] Onager [PAR] kiang [PAR] Onager (Equus onager), species of Asian wild ass that ranges from northwest Iran to Turkmenistan . The onager is pale-coloured and has a short erect mane and fairly large ears. It stands 1.5 metres (4.5 feet) at the shoulder and weighs about 250 kg (550 pounds). The onager was domesticated in ancient times but has been replaced by the domestic horse and donkey . It now is found in limited numbers and may be approaching extinction. The name onager is sometimes used for the Asian wild ass (Equus hemionus). [PAR] Onager (Equus onager) and foal. [PAR] Kenneth W. Fink/Bruce Coleman Inc. [PAR] The Persian onager (Equus onager) lives in a lower semidesert or desert environment . It is now extremely rare and is unlikely to survive outside northeastern Iran and the Badkhyz Reserve in Turkmenistan. A small population lives in the semidesert salt plains of the Kavir Protected Region in Iran. [PAR] The Indian wild ass is a closely related, probably identical, form that is sometimes distinguished as the race E. h. khur. A fairly small population occupies salt flats in the Rann of Kachchh in Gujarat state, a remnant of the thousands found there at the end of World War II . [PAR] ass [PAR] either of two species belonging to the horse family, Equidae, especially the African wild ass (Equus africanus) sometimes referred to as the true ass. The related Asiatic wild ass, sometimes called the Asian wild ass or the half-ass (E. hemionus), is usually known by the local names of its various... [PAR] Turkmenistan [PAR] country of Central Asia. It is the second largest state in Central Asia, after Kazakhstan, and the southernmost of the region\u2019s five republics. The country is bordered by Kazakhstan on the northwest, Uzbekistan on the north and east, Afghanistan on the southeast, Iran on the south, and the... [PAR] horse [PAR] a hoofed, herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae. It comprises a single species, Equus caballus, whose numerous varieties are called breeds. Before the advent of mechanized vehicles, the horse was widely used as a draft animal, and riding on horseback was one of the chief means of transportation.... [PAR] 2 References found in Britannica Articles [PAR] Assorted References [PAR] use in early agriculture (in origins of agriculture: Sumer ) [PAR] External Links [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SPECTRE - James Bond Wiki - Wikia SPECTRE | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] is a dedicated fraternity whose strength lies in the absolute integrity of its members.\" [PAR] \u2015 Ernst Stavro Blofeld. [src] [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] (an acronym of Special Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion), stylised simply as Spectre in its 2015 film reboot, is a fictional global criminal and terrorist organisation featured in the James Bond novels by Ian Fleming and their official and unofficial film adaptations. Led by 007's nemesis Ernst Stavro Blofeld , the organisation first formally appeared in the novel Thunderball (1961) and subsequently in the movie Dr. No (1962). After a four-decade absence from the Eon film series the organization was officially reintroduced in the twenty-fourth Bond film, Spectre (2015). [PAR] When introduced in 1961, the organization effectively replaced [PAR] as Bond's primary antagonist. [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] is not aligned to any nation or political ideology, enabling the later Bond books and Bond films to be regarded as apolitical. Originally concieved of as a small group of professional criminals in the novels, [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] became a vast international organisation with its own elaborate facilities in the film series. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Ideology [PAR] Comparison of Fiona Volpe's octopus insignia ring from Thunderball (1965), with Marco Sciarra's one from Spectre (2015). [PAR] In Ian Fleming's novels, [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] was primarily a commercial enterprise led by Ernst Stavro Blofeld . Their top-level members were 21 individuals, 18 of whom handled day-to-day affairs and were drawn in groups of three from six of the world's greatest criminal organisations\u2014the Gestapo, [PAR] SMERSH [PAR] , Marshal Josip Broz Tito's secret police, the Mafia, the Unione Corse , and a massive heroin-smuggling operation based in Turkey. [1] Their debut was in Thunderball . At the time of writing the novel (c.1959) Fleming believed that the Cold War might end during the two years it would take to produce a film adaptation, which would leave it looking dated; he therefore thought it better to create a politically neutral enemy for Bond. [2] [PAR] In the classic James Bond films produced by EON Productions , the organisation had a more active role, often as a third party in the ongoing Cold War. The goal of world domination was only ever stated in You Only Live Twice , and [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] was working not for itself but for an unnamed Asian government whose two representatives Blofeld speaks to during the movie; perhaps Red China, who earlier backed Goldfinger . [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] 's goals in the other films it has appeared in have always been less lofty. Its long-term strategy, however, is illustrated by the analogy of the three Siamese fighting fish Blofeld keeps in an aquarium in the film version of From Russia with Love . Blofeld notes that one fish is refraining from fighting two others until their fight is concluded. Then, that cunning fish attacks the weakened victor and kills it easily. Similarly, [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] 's main strategy was to instigate conflict between two powerful enemies, namely the superpowers, hoping that they would exhaust themselves and be vulnerable when it seizes power. [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] thus worked with both sides of the Cold War. [PAR] In all novel and film depitctions, organizational discipline within [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] was notoriously draconian with the penalty for disobedience or failure being death. With the cinematic Blofeld stating on several occasions: \"This organisation does not tolerate failure\". Furthermore, to heighten the impact of the executions, Blofeld often chose to focus attention on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Six to watch: TV priests and vicars | Television & radio ... Six to watch: TV priests and vicars | Television & radio | The Guardian [PAR] Six to watch [PAR] Six to watch: TV priests and vicars [PAR] With the current success of Father Brown and the past popularity of Rev, priests and vicars may be starting to take centre stage on TV. We pay homage to some of the best small-screen clergy [PAR] Mark Williams as the eponymous Father Brown, currently showing on BBC1. Photograph: Des Willie/BBC [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] Traditionally, television has either dressed them up inWith straw hats and used them as the butt of jokes, or portrayed them as hapless victims in Agatha Christie adaptations. But it seems that priests and vicars have begun to take centre stage on the small screen. Following the success of BBC2's comedy Rev , there's currently another sympathetic ordinand on television: GK Chesterton's prewar detective Father Brown, who has been appearing daily on BBC1 in the afternoons. [PAR] Brown is played by Mark Williams (of The Fast Show and Harry Potter fame). He would not have been my immediate idea for the part of Chesterton's squat and gentle character with the odd clothes and large brolly, but Williams seems to have grown into the role of the kindly but also hugely worldly cleric with \"a penchant for spy novels and crossword puzzles\". (There is a strong supporting cast, the production values are high for a daytime show and it's all aided by the rather beautiful setting of the Cotswolds. If you have missed it, you can catch-up on iPlayer . [PAR] But who are the other great and most memorable TV priests and vicars? As always, we want to hear what you have to say in the comments below. [PAR] Adam Smallbone \u2013 Rev [PAR] Reading this on a mobile? Click here to watch [PAR] James Wood's comedy rewrote the rulebook about depicting clergy on the small screen , making them so believable and appealing that it attracted the praise of the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams (among others), when it launched in 2010. Played to perfection by Tom Hollander, with a sympathetic vulnerability as well as an occasional steeliness, both Smallbone and the show as a whole are winning and highly plausible. It also included a brilliant support cast: Steve Evets as the lovable wastrel Colin, Simon McBurney as the creepily complicated Archdeacon Robert and Lucy Liemann's sexy headteacher Miss Pattman, whom the Rev cannot help fancying. Joyously returning for a third series next year . [PAR] The Revd Simeon Simcox \u2013 Paradise Postponed [PAR] A slightly obscure choice perhaps, but Michael Horden's portrayal of the left-leaning cleric with a secret past was spellbinding. First shown in 1986, this epic 11-part ITV drama was based on John Mortimer's novel about intergenerational (and interclass) goings on in a home counties village community. It was made in the days when drama had time to breathe and could be languid and considered, and Horden captured the charm as well as infuriating self-righteousness of a cleric with his nose always buried in a copy of the New Statesman, oblivious to the antics of his family. [PAR] Father Ted Crilly \u2013 Father Ted [PAR] It's a rare comedy lover who doesn't have their favourite moment from Graham Linehan and Arthur Mathew's classic series from the 1990s. Dermot Morgan's Ted, Ardal O'Hanlon's Dougal and Frank Kelly's father Jack (\"drink, feck, girls\") was whimsical, charming, surreal and bellyachingly funny. My personal favourite Ted moment comes in Rock of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Football | World Cup 2006 | Sent-off Zidane ... BBC SPORT | Football | World Cup 2006 | Sent-off Zidane named best player [PAR] Sent-off Zidane named best player [PAR] Zidane's final match in professional football was the World Cup final [PAR] Zinedine Zidane won the Golden Ball award for the World Cup's best player, despite being dismissed for headbutting Marco Materazzi in the final. [PAR] France captain Zidane polled 2,012 points in the vote by journalists mostly carried out at half-time. [PAR] The midfielder, 34, beat Italians Fabio Cannavaro (1,977 points) and Andrea Pirlo (715 points) in the ballot. [PAR] He scored a penalty early on in the final but was sent off in extra time as France went on to lose on penalties. [PAR] Report: Zidane welcomed home [PAR] The former international player of the year and 1998 World Cup winner announced last month that he was retiring from football after the tournament. [PAR] The vast majority of those votes were cast by journalists before the final was over and that I'm sure is why Zidane has come out top [PAR] BBC sports news correspondent Gordon Farquhar [PAR] On Sunday, he put France ahead from the spot in the opening minutes but was sent off after slamming his head into Materazzi's chest during the tense second period of extra time, which ended 1-1. [PAR] It was to be his last act as a professional player and, with the French missing his prowess in the ensuing penalty shootout, Italy went on to claim the World Cup title. [PAR] BBC sports news correspondent Gordon Farquhar was in Berlin to see the game and the vote. [PAR] \"The vast majority of those votes were cast by journalists before the final was over and that I'm sure is why Zidane has come out top,\" Farquhar told BBC Radio Five Live. [PAR] WORLD CUP BLOG [PAR] More on our World Cup blog [PAR] \"But it's going to be a bit embarrassing for Fifa - the man who got sent off in the final for a completely unacceptable foul against another player is the guy who's been chosen by journalists as the man of the tournament. [PAR] \"The reason the journalists voted for Zidane was this great emotional thing - everybody knew it was his last tournament and the final was his last game of football ever - but most people were dumbfounded to see what he did on Sunday. [PAR] \"If you'd asked the 2,012 journalists - who voted for him - after the game whether they wanted to change their vote, they probably would have.\" [PAR] Other players on the Golden Ball shortlist included Maniche (Portugal), Michael Ballack (Germany), Gianluca Zambrotta (Italy), Thierry Henry (France), Gianluigi Buffon (Italy), Patrick Vieira (France) and Miroslav Klose (Germany). [PAR] 606 VIEW"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mellow Yellow by Donovan Songfacts - Song Meanings at ... Mellow Yellow by Donovan Songfacts [PAR] Mellow Yellow by Donovan Songfacts [PAR] Songfacts [PAR] In an interview with the June 18, 2011 edition of the NME, Donovan was asked what the song was actually about. He replied: \"Quite a few things. Being mellow, laid-back, chilled out. 'They call me Mellow Yellow, I'm the guy who can calm you down.' [John] Lennon and I used to look in the back of newspapers and pull out funny things and they'd end up in songs. So it's about being cool, laid-back, and also the electrical bananas that were appearing on the scene - which were ladies vibrators.\" [PAR] Donovan set out to capture the mellow vibe of the '60s with this song, adding what he called \"cool, groovy phrases.\" These phrases were interpreted in ways he never imagined, as people came up with lots of ideas as to what the song meant. Most of these interpretations concerned drugs, but there were even rumors that the song was about abortion. [PAR] There is certainly a drug influence on this song, but it's about much more than that. In his Songfacts interview , Donovan said: \"To be 'mellow' is to be cool, to be laid back, but it doesn't have to be with a smoke. It can be through meditation. And it was meditation that became more serious for The Beatles and me, and presenting that in our music.\" [PAR] Paul McCartney appears somewhere on this track, but it's not clear where. He was rumored to be the whispering voice saying \"quite rightly,\" but that was Donovan. McCartney dropped by the session and was captured on tape saying \"Mellow Yellow\" and doing some cheering. His voice is likely somewhere in the mix at the end of the song amid the revelry. [PAR] Donovan had recently helped out McCartney on another \"Yellow\" song: He provided the \"sky of blue, sea of green\" line in \" Yellow Submarine .\" Both songs hit #2 US in 1966. [PAR] When this song came out in 1966, there was a widespread rumor that it was about getting high on banana skins. The idea was that you scraped the fibers off of a banana skin and cooked them over a low fire. This was supposed to release the hallucinogenic qualities. Of course, it was never true! >> [PAR] Suggestion credit: [PAR] Victor - Boston, MA [PAR] Asked by the NME in 1967 why this song did so well in America, Donovan said it had to do with driving. \"A great many of the discs are heard on car radios, and if the music is not sympathetic to the driver, one push of the button and he's on another station,\" he said. \"You can almost change gear in time to 'Mellow Yellow.'\" [PAR] This was used in a popular 1999 commercial for The Gap titled \"Everybody in Cords,\" promoting their corduroy pants, which come in shades of saffron and yellow. It was also used in a 1987 commercial for a product called Butter It, which is a \"liquid butter alternative.\" In that one, the song was altered, with the line \"quite rightly\" changed to \"just butter it.\" [PAR] Donovan pushed to get his songs in as many commercials as he could, since it was great exposure for them and a nice source of income. How he felt about a liquid butter alternative was immaterial. [PAR] In 1979, the Coca-Cola Company introduced a new soda called Mello Yello designed to compete with the Pepsi product Mountain Dew. This song wasn't used"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tottenham Hotspur to leave White Hart Lane for 2017-18 ... Tottenham Hotspur to leave White Hart Lane for 2017-18 season due to a High Court challenge - Telegraph [PAR] Tottenham Hotspur [PAR] Tottenham Hotspur to leave White Hart Lane for 2017-18 season due to a High Court challenge [PAR] Spurs have announced it is 'highly unlikely' they will be able to move into their new stadium for the start of the 2017-2018 season [PAR] On the move: An artist's rendering of the Tottenham's new White Hart Lane stadium [PAR] Follow [PAR] Tottenham have confirmed that they will play their home matches away from White Hart Lane for one season while they build a new ground, with Stadium:mk in Milton Keynes one of the more radical options alongside Wembley, the Olympic Stadium and Twickenham. [PAR] A statement on Wednesday said that the club were in the process of \u201cundertaking due diligence on alternative stadium options\u201d and, while suggestions of playing further afield in Ipswich or Brighton are highly unlikely, most other possibilities remain on the table. These include sharing with another London club or playing some matches at Wembley and some at Stadium:mk. [PAR] Tentative talks are believed to have already been held with Wembley, although Brent Council will not currently allow more than 37 major events per year to be held at the national stadium. In this past year, 33 events have been held, including England matches, various club competitions and concerts, as well as rugby union and an annual NFL fixture. [PAR] That would seem to make it impossible for Tottenham to play an entire season at Wembley but it could be used for higher profile games alongside a second smaller venue. [PAR] The closest Premier League club to Tottenham is Arsenal but, even aside from the intense local rivalry, a ground-share is not deemed feasible because of fixture scheduling. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] From Spurs board room to polo [PAR] 03 Sep 2014 [PAR] The idea of using Upton Park after it is vacated by West Ham and before it is redeveloped is also understood to have been explored. Spurs stressed on Wednesday that there would be no perfect solution but made particular mention of how the impact on both fans and the players would be of critical importance. [PAR] \u201cConsideration needs to be given to several factors, including planning and policing and, importantly, our fans and the impact it may have on the team itself,\u201d the statement said. \u201cClearly all possible options have pros and cons and we are aware that we shall not be able to find one which will please all parties. We shall however seek to find the optimum solution for the club and our supporters and we shall be sharing our deliberations with our supporters at an appropriate time.\u201d [PAR] The timescale is also currently uncertain. Tottenham took a major step forward in their planning for a new 56,250-capacity stadium in July when a Compulsory Purchase Order was approved but that decision is now being challenged in the High Court. [PAR] Spurs say that they have already successfully and amicably relocated more than 70 businesses in the area but that they have been unable to reach agreement with one landowner. \u201cWe remain committed to finding the earliest possible resolution and shall continue to engage with Archway,\u201d the statement said. [PAR] The delay means that Tottenham now regard themselves as \u201chighly unlikely\u201d to move into their new stadium as scheduled for 2017-18. They will need to find an alternative home for one season while the construction work is carried out. [PAR] \u201cThe"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King George V - Spartacus Educational King George V [PAR] King George V [PAR] \u25bc Primary Sources \u25bc [PAR] King George V [PAR] George, the second son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark, was born at Marlborough House on 3rd June, 1865. Most of his childhood was spent at Sandringham, Buckingham Palace and Balmoral. [PAR] After being educated at home by the Rev. J. N. Dalton, George became a naval cadet at Dartmouth. By 1889 he was commander of a torpedo boat. However, in January 1892, his naval career came to an end when his older brother, Prince Edward, died of pneumonia. Edward had been engaged to marry his German cousin, Princes Mary of Teck. It was now decided she should marry George instead. [PAR] George was now heir to the throne and it was decided that he could no longer risk his life as a naval commander. He was granted the title, the Duke of York and became a member of the House of Lords . George was also given a political education that included an in-depth study of the British Constitution. However, unlike his father, he did not learn to speak any foreign languages. [PAR] George, Duke of York, married Princess Mary in 1893. Mary had six children: Edward VIII (1894-1972), George VI (1895-1952), Mary (1897-1965), Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900-1974), George , Duke of Kent (1902-1942) and Prince John (1905-1919). [PAR] Edward VII died in 1910 during the Liberal Government's conflict with the Lords. His father had promised to give his support to the reform of the House of Lords if Herbert Asquith and the Liberal Party won a General Election on this issue. Although the 1910 General Election held in December did not produce a clear victory for the Liberals, George V agreed to keep his father's promise. [PAR] When the House of Lords attempted to stop the passage of the 1911 Parliament Act , George V made it clear he was willing to create 250 new Liberal peers in order to remove the Conservative majority in the Lords. Faced with the prospect of a House of Lords with a permanent Liberal majority, the Conservatives agreed to let the 1911 Parliament Act become law. [PAR] The outbreak of the First World War created problems for the royal family because of its German background and the family name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. To stress his support for the British, the king made several visits to the Western Front . On one visit to France in 1915 he fell off his horse and broke his pelvis. [PAR] In 1916 Noel Pemberton Billing founded a journal called The Imperialist that was part-funded by Lord Beaverbrook . Billing claimed in his journal that there was a secret society called the Unseen Hand . As Ernest Sackville Turner , the author of Dear Old Blighty (1980) has pointed out: \"One of the great delusions of the war was that there existed an Unseen (or Hidden, or Invisible) Hand, a pro-German influence which perennially strove to paralyse the nation's will and to set its most heroic efforts at naught... As defeat seemed to loom, as French military morale broke and Russia made her separate peace, more and more were ready to believe that the Unseen Hand stood for a confederacy of evil men, taking their orders from Berlin, dedicated to the downfall of Britain by subversion of the military, the Cabinet, the Civil Service and the City; and working not only through spiritualists, whores and homosexuals.\" [PAR] Michael Kettle , the author of Salome's Last Veil : The Libel Case of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Half the world away - YouTube Half the world away - YouTube [PAR] Half the world away [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 2, 2009 [PAR] A song from the Manchester Boys, Noel has written some great stuff, with the influence of the Liverpool boys clearly there to see. [PAR] Hope you like it [PAR] Wiki information [PAR] Half the World Away\" is a song by British Rock band Oasis. It is well known as the theme tune to the popular BBC sitcom The Royle Family. [PAR] The song was written by Oasis' lead guitarist Noel Gallagher, who also provides lead vocals, taking over from Oasis' regular lead singer, Liam Gallagher. The song is a slow acoustic tune with plodding keyboards, and the lyric - much like \"Rock 'n' Roll Star\", one of Oasis' most famous songs - expresses a desire to leave a stagnant life in a boring city. [PAR] Recorded at The Congress House Studio, Austin, Texas in October 1994, \"Half the World Away\" was first released as a B-side to \"Whatever\" on 18 December 1994, reaching #3 in the UK charts.[1] [PAR] However, the song gained mass public exposure when it was selected by Caroline Aherne and Craig Cash to be the theme tune to their sitcom The Royle Family. The series revolved around the sitting room of a lazy working-class family and was set in Manchester, the hometown of Oasis. Although it had modest beginnings, the series soon became a cultural phenomenon in England and its theme became well known. The opening credits of the series edited together first stanza of the first verse and the second stanza of the first chorus. The end credits, which would cut in immediately after the final joke of the episode - so as to add weight to it - began with the second stanza of the final chorus and would see the song through to the coda. When Gallagher was originally approached about using an Oasis song for a series about a working class family in Manchester, he suggested \"Married With Children\" and was confused when \"Half the World Away\" was chosen. On tour in America when The Royle Family was first screened, he claims the penny did not drop until he returned to the United Kingdom to find the series a huge success and viewed it, feeling the song was perfect for the series. He now claims not to think of \"Half the World Away\" as an Oasis song, but rather as the theme tune to The Royle Family.[2] [PAR] In 1998 the song was included in The Masterplan; a collection of Oasis' best b-sides. The collection was a success, peaking at #2 in the UK charts. The track is also included on Oasis' compilation album Stop the Clocks, which also reached #2. [PAR] In interviews, Gallagher - who is famous for \"borrowing\" from other musicians - has admitted the tune to \"Half the World Away\" was adapted from \"This Guy's In Love With You\" by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. He commented \"It sounds exactly the same. I'm surprised he hasn't sued me yet!\"[ [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] intu Metrocentre - Shop / Shopping Centre in Gateshead ... intu Metrocentre - Shop / Shopping Centre in Gateshead, Gateshead - NewcastleGateshead [PAR] Tel: +44 0191 493 0200 [PAR] Fax : +44 0191 493 2756 [PAR] Email [PAR] About [PAR] The intu Metrocentre was expanded in 2013-14 to maintain its title as Europe\u2019s largest shopping and leisure centre. Under the intu Metrocentre roof is all the shops, restaurants and leisure activities you could possibly want as a local or visitor to the area. There are almost 330 shops included in the shopping mall which include the likes of major department stores such as Debenhams, House of Fraser and Marks & Spencer. From high street favourites to independent boutiques intu Metrocentre has got it all. [PAR] Intu Metrocentre has strong transport links which makes it easy for arranging public transport routes, there is also free parking on-site which is spread out over 4 different areas, catering for up 10,000 vehicles. [PAR] The intu Metrocentre is home to the only IMAX cinema in the North East and Namco Funscape, which includes bowling, dodgems, soft play and much more. [PAR] In addition to the huge shopping choice there is also a fantastic range of over 60 restaurants and bars, cafes and coffee shops. Whether you\u2019re looking for fine dining or a quick bite to eat you can make a meal of it at intu Metrocentre. [PAR] Intu Metrocentre is in easy reach of Newcastle City Centre, you can reach it by rail from Newcastle Central station or on the Stagecoach 100 bus which runs every 8 - 12 minutes during the day from various locations in the centre of Newcastle to intu Metrocentre, click here for full details . [PAR] [PAR] Map & Directions [PAR] Road Directions [PAR] Intu Metrocentre is three miles south west of Newcastle on the A1 and has 10,000 FREE car parking spaces [PAR] Public Transport Directions [PAR] Intu Metrocentre has an on-site Bus and rail station with quick, direct links to Newcastle, Gateshead and around the region. [PAR] Be the first to know what's going on in NewcastleGateshead by entering your email below [PAR] What's Nearby [PAR] Namco Funscape is the North Easts most unique venue. 38'000 sq ft of state-of-the-art... [PAR] 0.14 miles away [PAR] Blaydon Leisure Centre is part of GO Gateshead, one of the region\u2019s leading gym, swim and... [PAR] 0.99 miles away [PAR] Whickham Hermitage Community Garden is a walled garden on the outskirts of Gateshead,... [PAR] 1.01 miles away [PAR] Dunston Leisure Centre is part of GO Gateshead, one of the region\u2019s leading gym, swim and... [PAR] 1.05 miles away [PAR] The remains of a small temple dedicated to the native god Antenociticus. [PAR] 1.28 miles away [PAR] Shibdon Pond is one of the few large open water bodies left in the southern part of Tyne... [PAR] 1.34 miles away [PAR] Reclaimed colliery site with large lake and multi user path. Newly planted woodland and... [PAR] 1.64 miles away [PAR] The Retreat, the Lifestyle Academy's beauty and holistic therapies salon and spa area.... [PAR] 1.78 miles away [PAR] Lane7 is a entertainment-powerhouse located in Newcastle upon Tyne, offering 10 bowling... [PAR] 1.91 miles away [PAR] You can learn all about life in the Newcastle and Tyneside area along with eye-catching... [PAR] 1.95 miles away [PAR] Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums (TWAM) manages 12 museums, galleries and archives that... [PAR] 1.96 miles away [PAR] Globe is a contemporary arts organisation with artists and the community at its heart. It... [PAR] 1.97 miles away [PAR] The Life Science Centre is a must-see"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BEETHOVEN AND SCHUBERT BEETHOVEN AND SCHUBERT [PAR] BEETHOVEN AND SCHUBERT [PAR] October 4, 2013 | Filed under: Essay and tagged with: Reid , Schubert [PAR] by Paul Reid [PAR] Paul Reid is the author of The Beethoven Song Companion (2007), and former Chairman of the Schubert Institute (UK) . He also contributed his realisation of Beethoven\u2019s Der Gute F\u00fcrst to this website. [PAR] BEETHOVEN AND SCHUBERT \u00a92013, Paul Reid [PAR] Two of the world\u2019s greatest composers lived in the same small city for thirty-one years, the entire life of the younger man. We are bound to ask whether they met \u2013 and equally frustrated at the lack of evidence that renders all our answers ultimately conjectural. When asking how the work of the older composer influenced that of the younger, we have plentiful evidence at our disposal. If we seek to estimate the influence exerted on Schubert by the personality of Beethoven, our imagination in the interpretation of facts and events is again exercised. A final, intriguing question concerns the possible influence of Schubert on Beethoven. Could the Titan, rendered yet more remote by his deafness, have given heed to compositions by the retiring Schubert, twenty-seven years his junior? There can be no definitive answers to these questions, but we can at least offer a commonsense survey and a commentary on the facts and issues relevant to their investigation. [PAR] Throughout his life Schubert admired Beethoven as an artist and a composer, but he did not set out slavishly to emulate the composer or to model his music directly on Beethoven\u2019s. Indeed, despite occasional influences which can be traced in Schubert\u2019s early compositions (where, like most young artists, he was studying a number of recognised sources as part of his apprenticeship), we find Schubert in 1816 blaming Beethoven for the trend towards \u2018Bizarrerie\u2019 in music. This \u2018Bizarrerie\u2019, which Schubert roundly condemns, is characterised by what Schubert considers an almost sacrilegious tendency to mix tragic and comic elements, to combine \u2018the holiest with the Harlequin\u2019, and arouse wild passions instead of leading listeners towards love and God. Schubert is clearly parroting the views of his musically conservative teacher Antonio Salieri to a large extent 1 , but he consistently disapproved of music as a tool to arouse cheap emotions and could never bring himself to debase music by making it a butt of humour in itself 2 . In his later music, Schubert occasionally echoes motives from Beethoven works, including deliberate quotations as homage, but rarely seeks to imitate Beethoven\u2019s style as such. By then Beethoven is important more as a personal model of the independent professional composer, and his example confirms Schubert in his determination to compose what inner necessity dictates, even if this is out of step with fashion and may not be fully appreciated by his contemporaries. [PAR] * * * * * [PAR] Known links between the two great contemporaries [PAR] The excellent student orchestra at the Konvikt, the Viennese boarding school which Schubert attended from 1808 until 1813, played the earlier (and easier) symphonies of Beethoven. The performances were enjoyed in the summer months by an appreciative crowd of locals, who gathered beneath the open windows of the school. Josef von Spaun 3 mentions the second symphony in D major (published in 1804) as a favourite which made the \u2018deepest impression\u2019 on Schubert, then only just 12 and playing in the violin section. Another fellow-student, Anton Holzapfel, 4 mentions the first and second symphonies, plus the overtures Coriolan (published 1808) and Leonore (probably No. 3, published 1807) \u2013 both then hot off the press."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] letter to phone key pads - DialABC Phone Key Pads [PAR] Phone Key Pads [PAR] Help bring back science education to the Center of the Universe [PAR] Common Keypads [PAR] There are several different key pads in use today. Essentially, there is the american (Ma Bell) classic, the new ITU/ANSI/ISO/IEC standard, and one former standard each for the UK and Australia. Then, (it probably seemed like a good idea at the time) mobile phone manufacturers invented a whole bunch of new ones. [PAR] Fortunately, there is a standard ( ITU E.161 , also known as ANSI T1.703-1995/1999, and ISO/IEC 9995-8:1994), and most phones built today place letters on the phone key pad according to that standard. [PAR] The following table shows how the most common touch tone key pads map letters to numbers. [PAR] 1 [PAR] OQZ [PAR] Common Phone Keypads [PAR] There exist a number of variations on these key pads, mostly involving the use of the letters I, O, Q, and Z and the numbers 1 and 0. There are also a number of local variations involing characters found in the scripts of local languages (umlaut's etc). [PAR] We are working on a historical database of telephones. Please send us the manufacturers name, year and model number of your phone and tell us what kind of key pad your phone has. If you like, include a picture of your phone. We will incorporate the data in future revisions of our site. [PAR] Problems Arising From Assumptions about Key Pads [PAR] Many IVR (interactive voice response) systems, also known as phone bots, let you enter names using your telephone key pad. This is done, for instance, when looking up a particular extension by name. These systems sometimes overlook the fact that not everybody has the same kind of keypad. So, if you are looking up \"Steve Wozniak\" in a company directory and are asked to enter the digits corresponding to the first three letters of his last name, you might type 969, 961, or 900, depending on the kind of phone you are using. [PAR] North American Classic Key Pad [PAR] This is the standard north american letter/number assignment found on Telephones in Canada and the US since beginning of the 20th century. The assignment of numbers to letters predates DTMF and touch dialing and is the same as found on many old rotary dial phones. [PAR] 1"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The State of New Mexico - An Introduction to the Land of ... The State of New Mexico - An Introduction to the Land of Enchantment from NETSTATE.COM [PAR] The State of New Mexico [PAR] Winter Cottonwoods, Taos [PAR] New Mexico welcomes you with color and art, music and dance, breathtaking landscapes, and a heritage of Indian, Anglo, and Hispanic cultures that cannot be found in any other state in the union. From prehistoric times until the present, cultures and tribes have journeyed through New Mexico's land. From the north, various native American tribes have wandered in, and from the south, people from Mexico, and Spaniards as well, and Europeans have added to the mix. Pueblo, Apache, Navajo and others are all part of the incredible diversity that marks the vibrant culture of New Mexico. [PAR] The people, their heritage and traditions, their skills and their arts, and the land, its awesome beauty, all make New Mexico the unique and colorful place that it is today. [PAR] The hot air balloon is New Mexico's official aircraft . [PAR] Land of Enchantment (Official) [PAR] The \"Land of Enchantment\" describes New Mexico's scenic beauty and its rich history. This legend was placed on New Mexico license plates in 1941. This nickname became the official State Nickname of New Mexico on April 8, 1999. [PAR] The Cactus State [PAR] or \"Land of the Cactus\" refers to the cacti that grow so abundantly in the state, particularly along the border with Mexico and on the plains. [PAR] The Spanish State [PAR] New Mexico has been referred to as \"The Spanish State\" because of its border with Mexico, its historical background and the proportion of its Spanish speaking population. [PAR] The Land of Sunshine [PAR] or \"The Sunshine State\" are nicknames that refer to the generous portion of sunshine that \"rains\" down upon New Mexico. \"Sunshine State\" appeared on state license plates before 1941. [PAR] The Land of the Delight Makers [PAR] This nickname, suggested by George Wharton James, was to celebrate the state's influence on literature and art and because \"...it is also the home of the first real field-school of American Archaeology in America.\" The name was suggested by a book by Adolf Bandelier, [PAR] The Delight Makers [PAR] . [PAR] The Land of Opportunity [PAR] So called because of its natural beauty, its climate, its newness at the time, its free lands and its industries. New Mexico was described as place that offered enough opportunity to fulfill the hopes of all who came. [PAR] The Land of the Heart's Desire [PAR] This is another historical nickname that promoted New Mexico as a land of unbound opportunity. Its location was between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean, it provided an ideal climate and was still relatively undeveloped. [PAR] THE STATE QUARTER: [PAR] United States Mint Image [PAR] The second commemorative quarter-dollar coin released in 2008 honors New Mexico, and is the 47th coin in the United States Mint's 50 State Quarters\u00ae Program. New Mexico, nicknamed the \"Land of Enchantment,\" was admitted into the Union on January 6, 1912, becoming our Nation's 47th state. The reverse of New Mexico's quarter features a Zia sun symbol over a topographical outline of the State with the inscription \"Land of Enchantment.\" The coin also bears the inscriptions \"New Mexico\" and \"1912.\" [PAR] The great influence of Native American cultures can be found throughout New Mexico. The Zia Pueblo believe the sun symbol represents the giver of all good, who gave gifts in groups of four. From the circle representing life and love without"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] February 10, 1933: Boxing\u2019s Monster, Primo Carnera, Kills ... February 10, 1933: Boxing\u2019s Monster, Primo Carnera, Kills Opponent! - History and Headlines [PAR] February 10, 1933: Boxing\u2019s Monster, Primo Carnera, Kills Opponent! [PAR] 94 Comments [PAR] A Brief History [PAR] On February 10, 1933, Primo Carnera, a heavyweight boxer called \u201cThe Monster\u201d by Time Magazine, dealt Ernie Schaaf fatal blows during a boxing match in New York City. The hapless Schaaf died 4 days after the match. [PAR] Digging Deeper [PAR] Digging deeper, we find Carnera as the heaviest heavyweight boxing champion of his day (a record held until 2005) and at 6\u20197\u2033 (an exaggeration by an inch and a half), also listed as the tallest (again until 2005 when Nikolay Valuev won a title). [PAR] Also known as the \u201cAmbling Alp,\u201d Carnera was an Italian fighter who was dogged his entire career by allegations of being under mob control and fighting in fixed matches. Fixed or not, Carnera won 89 of 103 fights and won the world heavyweight championship 4 months after the Schaaf fight, defeating the reigning champion Jack Sharkey. [PAR] Unfortunately for Primo, his own reign was to last just under a year, as Max Baer took his crown on his third try after two successful defenses by Carnera. An interesting note, the son of Max Baer, Max Baer Jr., played the strapping, but not too smart character of Jethro Bodine on the 1960\u2019s television show The Beverly Hillbillies. [PAR] Boxing\u2019s giant strongman was KO\u2019d by diabetes and kidney disease in 1938 and had to retire from boxing when he had a kidney removed. Still active in other fields, Carnera acted in many films and became a well-known professional wrestler, serving as long-time champ. [PAR] Some of the interesting roles Carnera played on film include parts in Mighty Joe Young (1949), where he plays tug of war with the big ape, The Lady and the Prizefighter (1933), which also featured Myrna Loy and his future usurper Max Baer, and Hercules Unchained (1959), in which he played a giant, also his last role. [PAR] Films and references in films were also made that resembled Carnera\u2019s life (sometimes loosely), notably television\u2019s Requiem for a Heavyweight (1956), Cinderella Man (2005) and Carnera: The Walking Mountain (2008). In 1956, a film adaptation of the 1947 book The Harder They Fall about a fighter whose fights were rigged was made. It was reminiscent enough of Carnera that he sued the movie company but lost. [PAR] More recently, in 2010 the rock band Yeasayer released the song \u201cAmbling Alp\u201d on their Odd Blood album in reference to Carnera. [PAR] One of the more cracked episodes of Carnera\u2019s career took place in 1941 when Benito Mussolini, the Italian Fascist dictator, had Carnera filmed boxing a black African prisoner of war in order to show Italian racial superiority. The 6\u20193\u201d Zulu, who had no boxing experience, knocked out Carnera instead! [PAR] Primo Carnera died in Italy in 1967, aged only 60 years, probably of kidney failure. Plagued by diabetes most of his life, \u201cThe Monster,\u201d according to a press release by Jeremy Schapp, also ate like a monster, knocking down \u201ca quart of orange juice, two quarts of milk, nineteen pieces of toast, fourteen eggs, a loaf of bread and half a pound of Virginia Ham\u201d for breakfast! Well, they do say breakfast is the most important meal\u2026 [PAR] Historical Evidence [PAR] For more information, please see\u2026 [PAR] [AMAZONPRODUCTS asin=\u201d097083716X, B002W1UIUM, 0786448105\u2033] [PAR] And for more of the worst moments in boxing\u2019s history, please see this list . [PAR] Share story [PAR] Major"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Smallest States in the United States | Top 1 US Top 10 Smallest States in the United States | Top 1 US [PAR] Home \u00bb Smallest \u00bb Top 10 Smallest States in the United States [PAR] Top 10 Smallest States in the United States [PAR] Tuesday, August 16th 2011. | Smallest [PAR] The United States is one of the five largest countries in the world. Some State in the United States has a very large size, but some others have a small size today we will talk about the top 10 smallest states in the United States. [PAR] 10. West Virginia [PAR] West Virginia [PAR] West Virginia (English: West Virginia) is a state of the United States. The state is located in the east. In 2007, the state has a population of 1,812,035 people and has an area of 62,755 km \u00b2. Its capital is Charleston. [PAR] 9. Maryland [PAR] Maryland [PAR] Maryland is a state of the United States. The postal abbreviation for Maryland is MD. Maryland is one of the 13 colonies revolt against British rule in the American Revolution. The state is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north (Mason-Dixon Line), on the west by West Virginia, in the north and east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and south to Virginia [PAR] 8. Vermont [PAR] Vermont [PAR] Vermont is a state of the United States in the New England region in the Northeast United States. This state ranks 45th in the list of largest U.S. state with a total area of 24.902 km \u00b2, while the order of 43 in the list of states with the largest land area. Vermont residents only amounted to 608,827 souls and ranks second (after Wyoming) as a state with a population of at least in the U.S. [PAR] 7. New Hampshire [PAR] New Hampshire [PAR] New Hampshire is a state of the United States. The state is located in the northeast. In 2008, the state has a population of 1,315,809 people and has an area of 24,217 km \u00b2. Its capital is Concord. [PAR] 6. Massachusetts [PAR] Massachusetts [PAR] Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a state of the United States, part of the New England region. MA zip code is. Several ships named USS Massachusetts to appreciate the state. [PAR] 5. New Jersey [PAR] New Jersey [PAR] New Jersey is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic and northeastern United States. The state is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania. Parts of New Jersey are located in the New York metropolitan area and Philadelphia. [PAR] 4. Hawaii [PAR] Hawaii [PAR] Hawaii is a state of the United States. Hawaii was discovered by James Cook, a British explorer on January 10, 1778. The native Hawaiian Islands are Polynesian tribes. King Kamehameha I who was born in 1758, is a great king who had dominion over the Hawaiian Islands around 1810. Kamehameha dynasty was continued by his descendants until Kamehameha V, who died on December 11, 1872, which is the last successor Kamehameha dynasty. [PAR] 3. Connecticut [PAR] Connecticut [PAR] Connecticut is a state of the United States. The state is located in the northeast. In 2000, the state has a population of 3,405,585 people and has an area of 14,356 km \u00b2. Its capital is Hartford. [PAR] 2. Delaware [PAR] Delaware [PAR] Delaware is a state of the United States. The state is located in the east. In 2000, the state has a population of 783,600 people and has an area"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Translation of Res ipsa loquitur in English - Babylon Software Translation of Res ipsa loquitur in English [PAR] English Arabic Spanish Dutch Portuguese Italian French German Hebrew Other languages [PAR] Res ipsa loquitur in English [PAR] (Latin) the thing speaks for itself (damage claim that transfers the burden of proof onto the recklessness or negligence) [PAR] More: English to English translation of Res ipsa loquitur [PAR] Res ipsa loquitur in Arabic [PAR] \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645) [PAR] More: English to Arabic translation of Res ipsa loquitur [PAR] Res ipsa loquitur in Spanish [PAR] el asunto es una prueba del mismo (tenencia de da\u00f1o que pasa el peso de la prueba sobre injurias) [PAR] Res ipsa loquitur in English [PAR] res ipsa loquitur [PAR] n : a rule of evidence whereby the negligence of an alleged wrongdoer can be inferred from the fact that the accident happened [PAR] More: English to English translation of Res ipsa loquitur [PAR] Latin for the thing speaks for itself. Generally, in tort, the mere fact of an accident is not proof of negligence. But in some cases, negligence is presumed on the defendant since the object causing injury was in his or her control. This is the res ipsa loquitur doctrine. - (read more on Res ipsa loquitur) [PAR] [PAR] More: English to English translation of Res ipsa loquitur [PAR] In the common law of torts, res ipsa loquitur (Latin for \"the thing speaks for itself\") is a doctrine that infers negligence from the very nature of an accident or injury, in the absence of direct evidence on how any defendant behaved. Although modern formulations differ by jurisdiction, common law originally stated that the accident must satisfy the necessary elements of negligence, which are duty, breach of duty, causation, and injury. In res ipsa loquitur, the elements of duty of care, breach, and causation are inferred from an injury that does not ordinarily occur without negligence. [PAR] See more at Wikipedia.org... [PAR] More: English to English translation of Res ipsa loquitur [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. a rule of evidence whereby the negligence of an alleged wrongdoer can be inferred from the fact that the accident happened [PAR] (hypernym) rule of evidence[DOC] [TLE] Blog Delete, Legal Latin - Res ipsa loquitur Blog Delete, Legal Latin - Res ipsa loquitur [PAR] Shop0 [PAR] Res ipsa loquitur is a legal Latin phrase which translates to \u201cthe thing speaks for itself.\u201d The doctrine indicates that there is no need to provide any further detail \u2014 the facts of the case are sufficient to find liability. Generally, because the facts are so obvious, a party does not need to provide further explanation. The phrase is most often applied to civil tort claims in which liability is clearly established merely based on a review of the facts. [PAR] In some jurisdictions, res ipsa loquitur is merely a rule of evidence which creates a presumption that a defendant acted negligently simply because a particular accident occurred. The presumption arises only if (1) that which caused the accident was under the defendant\u2019s control, (2) the accident could only occur as a result of a careless act and (3) plaintiff did not contribute to the accident. [PAR] \u201cPlaintiffs attempted to invoke the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur based on the fact that plaintiffs were injured by bricks which fell from a private bridge.\u201d [PAR] Please Share This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Almost Tartar Sauce | Think Tasty Almost Tartar Sauce | Think Tasty [PAR] Almost Tartar Sauce [PAR] ADVERTISEMENT [PAR] Tartar sauce is one of those sauces whose names give you no idea what\u2019s in them; for the record, it contains no cream of tartar. Most people have no idea what\u2019s in it, but most people expect to see it on the table, or in a little packet on their fast food tray, when fish is served. So it\u2019s a good thing to have around, but what exactly is it? [PAR] Tartar sauce is based on mayonnaise, another wildly popular sauce with an uninformative name. (There are different stories about where the name came from; anyway, mayonnaise is made of egg and oil.) Almost always, it includes pickles of some kind, varying by region. After that, there\u2019s a lot of variation. [PAR] Fresh tartar sauce made from scratch can get pretty elaborate, with capers, fresh parsley, olives, chopped hard boiled egg, and more. Ready made tartar sauce in a jar tends to be a faintly spiced white spread with green flecks. What I\u2019m offering here is something in between: a basic fish sauce you can make from ingredients you\u2019re likely to have already, especially in summer. If you want to add any of the extras I\u2019ve mentioned above, go ahead \u2013 but this is all you need to make something better than commercial tartar sauce: [PAR] [PAR] Ingredients [PAR] 1/4 cup mayonnaise (four tablespoons will be easier to get out of the jar) [PAR] 1/4 tsp dry mustard (use prepared mustard if that\u2019s what you have, but the sauce will be a little thinner) [PAR] 1 tsp pickle relish [PAR] 1 tsp chopped green onion [PAR] Instructions [PAR] Combine all ingredients thoroughly and store in a covered container in the refrigerator. Keeps for about a week. [PAR] This is also good as a sandwich spread when you want something with a little more taste than mayonnaise. You could also try making tuna salad with it. [PAR] I came up with the green onion, which I had in a glass of water on my kitchen windowsill, as a cheap substitute for capers. [PAR] These, by the way, are pickled edible flower buds from a plant that grows around the Mediterranean and other warm places. In not-so-warm places, like where I live, they\u2019re seriously expensive. [PAR] It\u2019s no wonder more people don\u2019t try to make their own tartar sauce when a jar of one ingredient costs more than a jar of ready made sauce. [PAR] If you\u2019ve got capers already, or if you can get them affordably, again, go right ahead and use them. [PAR] By Jane Wangersky"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Indira Gandhi becomes Indian prime minister - Jan 19, 1966 ... Indira Gandhi becomes Indian prime minister - Jan 19, 1966 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Indira Gandhi becomes Indian prime minister [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Indira Gandhi becomes Indian prime minister [PAR] Author [PAR] Indira Gandhi becomes Indian prime minister [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Following the death of Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi becomes head of the Congress Party and thus prime minister of India. She was India\u2019s first female head of government and by the time of her assassination in 1984 was one of its most controversial. [PAR] Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of the independent Republic of India. She became a national political figure in 1955, when she was elected to the executive body of the Congress Party. In 1959, she served as president of the party and in 1964 was appointed to an important post in Lal Bahadur Shastri\u2019s ruling government. Soon after becoming prime minister, Gandhi was challenged by the right wing of the Congress Party, and in the 1967 election she won only a narrow victory and thus had to rule with a deputy prime minister. [PAR] In 1971, she won a resounding reelection victory over the opposition and became the undisputed leader of India. That year, she ordered India\u2019s invasion of Pakistan in support of the creation of Bangladesh, which won her greater popularity and led her New Congress Party to a landslide victory in national elections in 1972. [PAR] During the next few years, she presided over increasing civil unrest brought on by food shortages, inflation, and regional disputes. Her administration was criticized for its strong-arm tactics in dealing with these problems. Meanwhile, charges by the Socialist Party that she had defrauded the 1971 election led to a national scandal. In 1975, the High Court in Allahabad convicted her of a minor election infraction and banned her from politics for six years. In response, she declared a state of emergency throughout India, imprisoned thousands of political opponents, and restricted personal freedoms in the country. Among several unpopular programs during this period was the forced sterilization of men and women as a means of controlling population growth. [PAR] In 1977, long-postponed national elections were held, and Gandhi and her party were swept from office. The next year, Gandhi\u2019s supporters broke from the Congress Party and formed the Congress (I) Party, with the \u201cI\u201d standing for \u201cIndira.\u201d Later in 1978, she was briefly imprisoned for official corruption. Soon after the ruling Janata Party fell apart, the Congress (I) Party, with Indira as its head, won a spectacular election victory in 1980, and Gandhi was again prime minister. [PAR] In the early 1980s, several regional states intensified their call for greater autonomy from New Delhi, and the Sikh secessionist movement in Punjab resorted to violence and terrorism. In 1984, the Sikh leaders set up base in their sacred Golden Temple in Amritsar. Gandhi responded by sending the Indian army in, and hundreds of Sikhs were killed in the government assault. In retaliation, Sikh members of Gandhi\u2019s own bodyguard gunned her down on the grounds of her home on October 31, 1984. She was succeeded by her son, Rajiv Gandhi. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blue plaque in Manchester will honour Anthony Burgess | UK ... Blue plaque in Manchester will honour Anthony Burgess | UK news | The Guardian [PAR] Blue plaque in Manchester will honour Anthony Burgess [PAR] The plaque will be unveiled today at Manchester University, where the author studied in the 1930s [PAR] A cherub propped up against bookcases at the Anthony Burgess Centre in Manchester. Photograph: Christopher Thomond for the Guardian [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] A blue plaque will be unveiled in honour of the Manchester-born author Anthony Burgess , the first public recognition of his astonishing literary success. [PAR] The plaque will be unveiled today at Manchester University, where the enduringly popular Burgess studied more than seven decades ago. It will be preceded by the first performance of a trumpet fanfare he wrote as a birthday present to his son, Andrew Burgess Wilson. It was discovered recently by staff at the International Anthony Burgess Foundation in Manchester. [PAR] With the exception of a plaque outside Burgess's former flat in Monaco [where he lived for 17 years] there is no other British tribute to the author, who died in 1993. [PAR] At the foundation, which opened last year, a vast body of previously unseen work was unveiled that proved how important Burgess was beyond A Clockwork Orange. The foundation is a creative hub in a listed former mill building, with an archive of thousands of Burgess's books, personal papers and objects. [PAR] When I visited soon after the foundation was opened, a wooden cherub retrieved from his home in Italy was nonchalantly leaning in the music room. [PAR] Burgess was fascinated by dystopia and wrote 1985 in response to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. He has a huge following in south-east Asia, as he wrote a trilogy charting the divisions in colonial Malaya, where he once worked as a teacher. [PAR] He was up against William Golding for a Booker prize in 1980 but refused to attend the ceremony when he was told he hadn't won. [PAR] A Clockwork Orange was based on the Moss Side gangs he grew up around in the 1920s and 30s. The tragedy of losing his mother while he was a child during the flu epidemic had a profound impact on his life and work. [PAR] Dr Andrew Biswell, director of the International Anthony Burgess Foundation, who is also his biographer, said: [PAR] \"Although Burgess was one of the great English language writers of the 20th century, he has always been neglected in the country of his birth. [PAR] \"In his lifetime, he was always regarded with suspicion because he lived abroad, even though he regularly visited the UK and came back to London towards the end of his life. [PAR] \"Burgess was awarded major public honours by President Mitterand of France and Prince Rainier of Monaco, but in Britain he received nothing except a cheap plastic trophy presented to him by Mrs Thatcher at the British Press Awards.\" [PAR] Biswell said he's delighted that the university has decided to install the first British public monument to Burgess \u2013 50 years after A Clockwork Orange was first published. A series of events are planned at the foundation to mark the achievement. [PAR] Burgess studied English literature at Manchester University from 1937. He went on to write 33 novels, 25 works of non-fiction, two volumes of autobiography, three symphonies and 250 other musical works, including a violin concerto for Yehudi Menuhin. [PAR] He was born and grew up in Manchester, living in Harpurhey and Moss Side, before winning a scholarship to Xaverian"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Solar System - Luna 2 (pictures, video, facts & news) BBC - Solar System - Luna 2 (pictures, video, facts & news) [PAR] Luna 2 is the first Moon probe [PAR] The Russians crash-land the first Moon probe. [PAR] On 13 September 1959, the Russians triumphed with Luna 2 (also known as Lunik 2), the first Moon probe, which was intentionally crashed into the lunar surface. The mission was tracked from Jodrell Bank in the UK. [PAR] About Luna 2 [PAR] Luna 2 (E-1A series) or Lunik 2 was the second of the Soviet Union's Luna programme spacecraft launched to the Moon. It was the first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon, and the first man-made object to land on another celestial body. On September 14, 1959, it successfully impacted east of Mare Imbrium near the craters Aristides, Archimedes, and Autolycus. [PAR] Launch was scheduled for September 9, but the Blok I core stage was shut down after it failed to reach full thrust at ignition. The booster was removed from the pad and replaced by a different vehicle, delaying the flight by three days. Luna 2, like Luna 1, took a direct path to the Moon, a journey of around 36 hours. The Earth-Moon gravitational system forced it to follow a curved trajectory, and launch had to occur from the side of the Earth opposite the Moon. Luna 2 hit the Moon about 800 kilometres from the centre of the visible disk on 1959 September 14 at 21:02:24. [PAR] Luna 2 was similar in design to Luna 1, a spherical spacecraft with protruding antennas and instrument parts. The instrumentation was also similar to Luna 1, including scintillation counters, geiger counters, a magnetometer, Cherenkov detectors, and micrometeorite detectors. There were no propulsion systems on Luna 2 itself. [PAR] Once Luna 2 was split from its upper stage it started transmitting information back to earth using three different transmitters. These transmitters were providing precise information on its course allowing scientist to calculate that Luna 2 would hit its mark on the moon around 00:05 on September 14. In order to be able to get a visual of Luna 2 from Earth on September 13 it released a vapor cloud that would expand into a 650 km diameter that would be seen by observatories in Alma Ata, Byurakan, Abastuma, Tbilisi, and Stalinabad. This vapor cloud also acted as an experiment to see how the sodium gas would act in a vacuum and zero gravity. [PAR] The last stage of the rocket that carried Luna 2 did not carry any type of tracking device so there was uncertainty as to where it landed, but it did hit the Moon surface about 30 minutes after Luna 2 hit.[DOC] [TLE] NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details [PAR] NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1959-014A [PAR] Description [PAR] Luna 2 was the second of a series of spacecraft launched in the direction of the Moon. The first spacecraft to land on the Moon, it impacted the lunar surface east of Mare Serenitatis near the Aristides, Archimedes, and Autolycus craters. Luna 2 was similar in design to Luna 1, a spherical spacecraft with protruding antennae and instrument parts. The instrumentation was also similar, including scintillation- and geiger- counters, a magnetometer, and micrometeorite detectors. The spacecraft also carried Soviet pennants. There were no propulsion systems on Luna 2 itself. [PAR] After launch and attainment of escape velocity on 12 September 1959 (13 September Moscow time), Luna 2 separated from its third stage, which travelled along with it towards"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] To Catch a Thief (1955) - IMDb To Catch a Thief (1955) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] When a reformed jewel thief is suspected of returning to his former occupation, he must ferret out the real thief in order to prove his innocence. [PAR] Director: [PAR] John Michael Hayes (screenplay), David Dodge (based on the novel by) [PAR] Stars: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 13 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 28 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 22 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 9 months ago [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Title: To Catch a Thief (1955) [PAR] 7.5/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A family vacationing in Morocco accidentally stumble on to an assassination plot and the conspirators are determined to prevent them from interfering. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] An ex-tennis pro carries out a plot to murder his wife. When things go wrong, he improvises a brilliant plan B. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] The trouble with Harry is that he's dead, and everyone seems to have a different idea of what needs to be done with his body... [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A woman is asked to spy on a group of Nazi friends in South America. How far will she have to go to ingratiate herself with them? [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] True story of an innocent man mistaken for a criminal. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A psychiatrist protects the identity of an amnesia patient accused of murder while attempting to recover his memory. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Mark marries Marnie although she is a habitual thief and has serious psychological problems, and tries to help her confront and resolve them. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A shy young heiress marries a charming gentleman, and soon begins to suspect he is planning to murder her. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Two young men strangle their \"inferior\" classmate, hide his body in their apartment, and invite his friends and family to a dinner party as a means to challenge the \"perfection\" of their crime. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A serial murderer is strangling women with a necktie. The London police have a suspect, but he is the wrong man. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A psychotic socialite confronts a pro tennis star with a theory on how two complete strangers can get away with murder - a theory that he plans to implement. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] A wealthy San Francisco socialite pursues a potential boyfriend to a small Northern California town that slowly takes a turn for the bizarre when birds of all kinds suddenly begin to attack people. [PAR] Director: Alfred Hitchcock [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] American expatriate John Robie living in high style on the Riviera is a retired"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What breed of dog is Snoopy? | Reference.com What breed of dog is Snoopy? | Reference.com [PAR] What breed of dog is Snoopy? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Snoopy is a beagle. This cartoon character is a part of the Peanuts newspaper comic strip that first appeared in 1950. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Snoopy is a small white beagle with many anthropomorphic characteristics and a comically large head. This beloved character is a regular part of the Peanuts comic drawn by Charles M. Schultz. The cartoonist died in 2000, and no new Peanuts comics have since been created. However, the extreme popularity of the comic strip caused many newspapers to continue printing the series in reruns. [PAR] On October 4, 1950, just two days into the comic, Snoopy made his first appearance. Early on, Snoopy was more dog-like, walking on all fours and not speaking. His first thought bubble appeared in a March 16, 1952 Peanuts comic strip. Ever since, Snoopy has only communicated through thought bubbles or by gestures and growls. [PAR] The character has a very active imagination and often retreats into it. He has alter egos, such as a smooth, sunglasses wearing college student named Joe Cool. Snoopy also frequently pretends to be a World War I pilot. He can be seen sitting on top of his dog house pretending that it is a Sopwith Camel fighter plane in the midst of an epic aerial battle. Snoopy's official birthday is August 10th."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Ichthyosis? | Foundation for Ichthyosis & Related ... What is Ichthyosis? | Foundation for Ichthyosis & Related Skin Types (FIRST) [PAR] [PAR] What is ichthyosis? [PAR] Ichthyosis is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, scaling skin that may be thickened or very thin. The prefix \"ichthy\" is taken from the Greek root for the word fish. Each year, more than 16,000 babies are born with some form of ichthyosis. A recent study has determined that approximately 300 babies are born each year with a moderate to severe form of ichthyosis. Ichthyosis affects people of all ages, races and gender. The disease usually presents at birth, or within the first year, and continues to affect the patient throughout their lifetime. [PAR] Is there a cure for ichthyosis? [PAR] At present time there is no cure for ichthyosis, however dedicated researchers and physicians have and continue to develop effective ways to help manage the disorder. Parents are also playing an important role in sharing different treatments they are receiving with fellow parents of affected children and affected adults. [PAR] What are some of the problems associated with ichthyosis? [PAR] Besides the common scaling condition of the skin and depending on the severity, there may be associated psychological symptoms due to the abnormal appearance of the skin. Ichthyosis is disfiguring for most affected individuals. In addition to the numerous medical complications like dehydration, infections, chronic blistering, overheating, and rapid-calorie loss, patients with ichthyosis are subjected to psychological issues. Patients are often ostracized and concerns of isolation, low self-esteem, and depression are common due to the appearance of their visible, chronically shedding skin. [PAR] Why is skin important to us? [PAR] The skin is the primary deflector for the human body. It encases and protects our body from the external environment. The barrier that makes up the skin has many components, which include a barrier to excessive loss of body fluids or uptake of noxious chemicals in the skin. The skin is made up of many layers, but it is the outermost layer that provides the most protection and it is this layer where most ichthyosis patients have a defect. [PAR] What causes ichthyosis? [PAR] Most forms of ichthyosis are very rare. The genetic mutation that causes the disorder is passed from parent to child. In some cases however, neither parent exhibits the disorder themselves, but they are carriers of the defective gene. When two carriers pass their mutated gene on to a new life, the child will inherit the disorder. In some very rare cases, the genetic mutation occurs spontaneously in the affected generation. [PAR] What resources are available to help me? [PAR] FIRST offers a vast library of information available to guide you on your journey to understanding ichthyosis and its implications. Ranging from a basic overview to an in-depth look at how ichthyosis is passed genetically , information for caregivers and teachers , our library includes booklets, resource sheets , disease sheets and our quarterly newsletter, Ichthyosis Focus . Our Regional Support Network is available to connect individuals with others in similar circumstances."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a female mouse called? | Reference.com What is a female mouse called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a female mouse called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] A female mouse is called a doe. Buck refers to a male mouse, and a baby mouse is called a pinky or kitten. A doe can become pregnant at six to eight weeks old. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The female mouse produces five to 10 kittens in one litter. It gives birth after three weeks of pregnancy. The kittens are usually born with their eyes closed and hairless. A doe can produce more than 100 babies every year. [PAR] A mouse, which has a normal lifespan of one to two years, is between 15 to 20 centimeters in length with a weight of 30 to 60 grams. Belonging to the Muridae family, a mouse can run at 12 kilometers per hour."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Used Burns Usa Musical Instruments Product Values by ... Used Burns Usa Musical Instruments Product Values by UsedPrice.com [PAR] Electric Guitar [PAR] 2005 [PAR] Description: Body: Basswood (Tilia, Linden, Lime) - Neck Attachment: Bolt - Neck Wood: Maple - Neck Construction: 3 Piece - Fingerboard: Rosewood - Frets: 21 - Scale Length: 24.75\" (63cm) - Headstock: 3+3 - Cutaway: Double - Hardware: 1x Volume Control, 2x Tone Control - Pickups: Alnico Burns Rez-O-matik - Pickup Configuration: 3 - String Instrument Finish: Jet Black, Shadow White[DOC] [TLE] Burns Guitars. Burns Guitars [PAR] Burns Guitars. [PAR] Back in the 60s owning a Burns was really something, Fenders were expensive and difficult to get hold of and for a short time Burns were a force to be reckoned with. Eventually they were taken over by Baldwin organs and shortly afterwards vanished from the scene. (C.B.S had originally made a bid for Burns, Fender was their second choice.) An original Burns had their \ufffdBurns London\ufffd logo etched into the scratchplate whereas the current re-issues have it screen-printed on the top. After the take over the logo was changed to \ufffdBurns by Baldwin\ufffd. [PAR] The top of the range was the Marvin with it's custom trem unit which boasted 34 moving parts in their adverts, the trem had Hank Marvin`s signature etched into it's body. Really this model looked like a large bodied white strat but the neck headstock was of a scroll design similar to a violin. For a while The Shadows used nothing but Burns guitars and Vox amps. Bruce Welch's Marvin was specially made with a slightly narrower neck. The Shadows had two sets of Marvins; the second set being green sunburst, if you come across one of those it is a real collectable instrument. Shadows enthusiast will know that Bruce actually used an acoustic on most recordings and if you are looking for a terrific rhythm guitar player just listen to their recordings between 1960 \ufffd 1964. [PAR] Moving down the range there was the Duo sonic (two pickups,) and the Tri sonic (three pickups). These were Stratish in design but without the scroll headstock. There were also various low-grade models at the very cheap end. Machine heads on these models left a bit to be desired, plus the truss rod was adjusted through the rear of the guitar. (There was a little gearbox mounted inside the neck, which meant that the hexagonal adjustment key was at right angles to the base of the neck. There was a tool supplied with the instrument to fit over this key, loose that and the adjustment became a really tricky job.) There were also bass versions plus the famous \ufffdBison\ufffd which resembled an SG but the two horns came right around like two bull horns, hence Bison. [PAR] Burns also ventured into a copy of the Gibson flying V and a few acoustics and semi`s. I have only ever played one Burns electro-acoustic and although it played ok the body was made with such thick plywood that without being plugged in it was not much louder than a solid bodied guitar. [PAR] Wild Dog and Split sound. [PAR] If you wanted your own sound from a Tri sonic it was too bad, the guitar already decided for you what tones you required. The rotary switch gave you a choice of Treble, Jazz, Split Sound a forth position labelled \ufffdWild dog.\ufffd [PAR] Each pickup was actually two pickups with two separate coils and these were switched via a complex arrangement of the rotary control. So with three double pickups there were six coils"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David by Donatello: Bronze Statue, Bargello Museum, Florence David by Donatello: Bronze Statue, Bargello Museum, Florence [PAR] David by Donatello [PAR] Icon of the Florentine Renaissance [PAR] and Donatello's most revolutionary [PAR] Statue of David (1440-43) by Donatello [PAR] Contents [PAR] \u0095 How to Appreciate Modern Sculpture [PAR] Donatello's Bronze Statue [PAR] Without doubt one of the greatest sculptures of the quattrocento, and an iconic work of Renaissance sculpture , the bronze statue of David, by Donatello (1386-1466), is one of the most daring interpretations of a Biblical theme in the history of sculpture . Credited with being the first free-standing male nude statue since the era of Greek sculpture , the sleek form and flowing naturalism of David's contrapposto pose, allied to his poised but provocative demeanor and the sensual surface sheen of the bronze, combine to bring the statue to life. This ability to inject human vitality into a standard image of Christian art , was Donatello's greatest skill. Indeed, the gratuitous nudity of the figure transforms it into a living work of classical beauty, exactly in line with the aesthetics of Classical Greek art . For a young city like Florence, threatened by rival city-states such as Siena and Milan, the feisty warrior boy David was an ideal emblem, and it seems likely that Donatello deliberately gave him a coquettish arrogance, to reflect the Florentine sense of cultural superiority over their rivals - a superiority which had been clearly demonstrated a decade earlier, at the Battle of Romano. Now in the Bargello Museum, Florence, the statue remains - along with David by Michelangelo (1504) - a defining work of Renaissance art by one of the most influential Renaissance sculptors of the age. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] History [PAR] Most art scholars believe that the sculpture was commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici (1389-1464), who had a particularly high opinion of Donatello, but exactly when it was made is not known. Majority opinion appears to favour the 1440s, when the new Medici Palace was designed and built by the Florentine architect Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1396-1472). In any event, by the time of the wedding of Lorenzo the Magnificent in 1469, the bronze stood in the centre of the courtyard of the Medici palace in Florence. Following the seizure of the Medici palace in 1495, and the expulsion of the Medici family from the city in 1496, the David was placed in the courtyard of the Palazzo della Signoria, where it was installed on a marble column. It was seen here during the mid-16th century by the Mannerist biographer Giorgio Vasari (1511-74) who wrote: \"This figure is so natural in its vivacity and softness that artists find it hardly possible to believe it was not moulded on the living form.\" During the 17th century it was moved to the Pitti Palace , from where it was taken in 1777 to the Uffizi Gallery . Finally, in 1865, it was transferred to the Bargello museum, where it can be seen today. [PAR] Composition [PAR] The statue, cast in bronze, stands a little over 5-feet in height (159 cm). An illustration of the Biblical story of how the young Jewish fighter David killed the armoured Philistine giant Goliath in single combat, armed only with a sling and a few pebbles, it shows David with an enigmatic smile, standing with his foot on Goliath's severed head. The young warrior is naked, except for hat and boots, and holds the sword of Goliath in his right hand. Allegedly inspired by classical depictions of the renowned young beauty Antinous, a favourite of the Roman"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Nemrut - Statues at Mount Nemrut - Destination360 Mount Nemrut - Statues at Mount Nemrut [PAR] Mount Nemrut [PAR] Vacations [PAR] Share [PAR] Located in southeastern Turkey near the border with Syria , Mount Nemrut rises to just over 7,000 feet above sea level. Called Nemrut Dag in Turkish, it is protected by Mt Nemrut National Park and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. It is known for the vast field of gigantic statues that surround the sanctuary tomb of King Antiochus. These huge monoliths (25 to nearly 30 feet high) are similar to the mysterious statues of Easter Island in Chile and date to the first century B.C. [PAR] The statues at Mount Nemrut are of lions, eagles, various gods of Greece , and the king himself. They once were arranged in seated positions around the tumulus (burial mound), with the names of the gods inscribed on them and are now scattered about the site in a somewhat haphazard (but nonetheless impressive) manner. Around the tumulus are terraced courts carved out of the rock, an altar in the shape of a pyramid, and rock walls. [PAR] Many travel companies offer Mount Nemrut tours and vacation packages to this rather remote region of the country. They are generally part of the itineraries for tours that visit the Cappadocia churches and monasteries, the frozen waterfalls of Pamukkale , the ruins of Ephesus , and perhaps a visit to the beautiful beaches of the Turquoise Coast . It is also possible to book a simple overnight to Mt Nemrut National Park from Istanbul or Ankara . [PAR] Turkey Map [PAR] Not a large percentage of visitors take advantage of these tours since Mount Nemrut is in a fairly remote area of the country and not near other attractions. However, the awesome statues at Mount Nemrut are well worth a visit if you have the time and funds to get there. The closest city with an airport is Adiyaman (about 45 minutes away from the site), and there are flights between this Mount Nemrut airport and Istanbul or Ankara. [PAR] The tourist infrastructure around Mt Nemrut National Park is not as sophisticated as it is along the coast, so you won\u2019t be staying in world-class luxury hotels for your excursion. But if you book vacation packages from reputable tour operators, you can still expect clean comfortable hotels rooms and excellent transportation and guide services. Some day excursions from Adiyaman are done by helicopter. [PAR] Many of the Mount Nemrut tours will include sunset cocktails at the site, as the statues at Mount Nemrut are quite an extraordinary sight as the sun sets and under the brilliant night stars in the mountain air. This is fitting since it appears that, like Stonehenge in England, the statues at Mount Nemrut were originally arranged to mark certain astrological events that were important to religious rites. King Antiochus was a believer in a religious cult that worshiped several astrological deities of Persia (today\u2019s Iran) and Greece. While the cult largely died out with the king, some of his successors also placed their tombs here, a site that was lost to modern civilization until excavated in the late nineteenth century by an engineer from Germany. Some of the statues lie on the ground, as though deliberately pushed over or toppled by earthquake. Many have their noses defaced (like the monuments of Egypt), evidence of the efforts of subsequent Christian generations to eradicate the history of the cult. [PAR] Compare Travel Sites and Save!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Theme from the Third Man Anton Karas, zither - YouTube Theme from the Third Man Anton Karas, zither - YouTube [PAR] Theme from the Third Man Anton Karas, zither [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 1, 2010 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Karl Stromberg - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Karl Stromberg | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Film biography [PAR] Background [PAR] The webbed-fingered Karl Stromberg is a successful self-employed businessman as head of his own shipping firm . It must be noted that in Christopher Wood 's novelisation of the film, Stromberg's first name is Sigmund, and is Swedish. Stromberg's obsession and passion is the ocean where he lives in his palace, named Atlantis , that could submerge itself underwater so as not to be seen or detected. Located off the coast of Sardinia , Italy , Atlantis has everything to support life above and below water for any length of time. In fact, Atlantis is more like a city, able to support dozens if not hundreds of people. [PAR] Stromberg also owns a huge tanker, named Liparus , that serves as his headquarters away from Atlantis. Aboard the tanker he has a small army of soldiers clad in orange jumpsuits. [PAR] Scheme [PAR] Although Stromberg has a passion and love for the ocean and its various species, he absolutely despises the human race, not unlike Jules Verne's Captain Nemo. Stromberg, however, is much more diabolical and has no interest in benefitting the world. He has a congenital condition in which his hands were webbed like those of aquatic birds or mammals. It is his personal mission to start over with a new civilization underwater. After contracting two scientists to create the technology to track nucleur submarines , Stromberg takes this technology and uses it to capture a Soviet nuclear submarine and a United Kingdom submarine. By tracking the subs, Stromberg's specially adapted tanker, the Liparus, would sneak up on the subs and capture them inside the tanker. His plan calls for the use of firing nuclear weapons from these subs at Moscow and New York City , thus framing each other's government and starting a nuclear war, which would wipe out every last human being on Earth. The Russian and British government send the agents Anya Amasova and James Bond respectively. [PAR] -\"Every person who even comes into contact with that microfilm, is to be eliminated\". Stromberg to Jaws [PAR] This scheme is actually a recycled plot from a previous film, You Only Live Twice , which was similar in that by stealing space capsules it would start a war between the Soviets and the Americans. The scheme in which the villain wishes to destroy mankind to create a new race or new civilization was also used in Moonraker , the next film after The Spy Who Loved Me. In Moonraker, the villain Hugo Drax had an obsession with starting a new human civilization in space. The film Moonraker was also written by Christopher Wood. Both featured Jaws as a henchman. [PAR] Prevention [PAR] While Bond and Amasova are briefed about their task, Stromberg meets with Dr. Bechmann and Professor Markovitz , the men who developed his submarine tracking system. He tells them that he has payed 10 million dollars each into their bank accounts. Before dismissing them, he tells them that he regrets to inform them that someone has been attempting to sell the plans to competing world powers and that only someone close to the project could have done so. He tells his assistant to leave the room while he discusses with the men, but as she enters the elevator, Stromberg pushes a button and the bottom of the elevator opens, dropping the girl into a water tank occupied by a swimming shark. Over a PA system, Stromberg reveals that woman"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir William Harcourt | British lawyer | Britannica.com Sir William Harcourt | British lawyer | Britannica.com [PAR] Sir William Harcourt [PAR] Alternative Title: Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon Harcourt [PAR] Sir William Harcourt [PAR] Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon Harcourt [PAR] born [PAR] Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th duke of Devonshire [PAR] Sir William Harcourt, in full Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon Harcourt (born Oct. 14, 1827, York , Yorkshire, Eng.\u2014died Oct. 1, 1904, Nuneham Courtnay, Oxfordshire), British lawyer, journalist, politician, and cabinet member in five British Liberal governments, who in 1894 achieved a major reform in death duties, or estate taxation . [PAR] Sir William Harcourt [PAR] Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London [PAR] A lawyer from 1854, Harcourt briefly taught international law at the University of Cambridge . Entering the House of Commons in 1868, Harcourt served Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone as solicitor general (1873\u201374), home secretary (1880\u201385), and chancellor of the Exchequer (1886, 1892\u201394); he was knighted in 1873. On Gladstone\u2019s retirement (March 1894), he was a leading but an unsuccessful candidate to succeed him as prime minister. Although Harcourt remained as chancellor of the Exchequer in the 5th Earl of Rosebery\u2019s government (1894\u201395) and became leader of the House of Commons, he was not on friendly terms with Rosebery and, for reasons of policy and personality, drifted away from the other Liberals. After resigning as leader of the Liberal opposition in the Commons (1898), he attacked British imperialism in the Transvaal and, later (1903), the protective-tariff proposals of Joseph Chamberlain . [PAR] By imposing a graduated tax on the total estate of a deceased person, Harcourt\u2019s legislation of 1894 was capable of producing much more revenue than taxes only on the amounts inherited by beneficiaries. The new death duties were enacted over the opposition of Rosebery and Gladstone, who believed that easily increased taxes would encourage frivolous governmental spending. Other opponents regarded the tax as an attack on the great hereditary landowners. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 33 Cars Logos Meaning & History | CarLogos.org 33 Cars Logos Meaning & History | CarLogos.org [PAR] 33 Cars Logos Meaning & History [PAR] 1. Audi [PAR] Audi Logo Meaning - Audi cars of the four rings logo, representing the four pre-merger company. These companies have a manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles and small passenger cars. The company was originally a merger of four companies, so each ring is a symbol of one of the company. [PAR] 2. Mercedes-Benz [PAR] Mercedes-Benz Logo Meaning - apply for Daimler company registered in June 1909 pointed star as a car flag, symbol of landing on water and air mechanization. Coupled with a circle around it in 1916, set with four small stars in the top of the circle, the following Mercedes \"Mercedes\" word. \"Mercedes\" is the meaning of happiness, meaning Daimler production of car owners who will bring happiness. [PAR] 3. Volkswagen [PAR] Volkswagen Logo Meaning - Volkswagen automobile company in German the Volks Wagenwerk, intended for public use vehicles, marking the VW for the full name the first letter. Signs such as by three with the middle finger and index finger to make the \"V\", said the public company and its products win - win - win. [PAR] 4. Toyota [PAR] Toyota Logo Meaning - Toyota's three oval logo is from early 1990. Large oval logo on behalf of the Earth, in the middle by a vertical combination of two ellipses into a T-word, on behalf of Toyota. It is a symbol of Toyota is based on the future, confidence in the future and ambition, but also a symbol of Toyota is based on the customer, the customer guarantees, a symbol of the user's heart and the heart of the automotive manufacturers are linked to a sense of mutual trust, Yu said Toyota's superior technology and innovative potential. [PAR] 5. Ford [PAR] Ford Logo Meaning - Ford logo Ford English Ford \"blue white. As founder Henry Ford, like small animals, so the logo designers Ford English painting into a pattern of small white rabbit look like. [PAR] 6. BMW [PAR] BMW Logo Meaning - BMW logo middle, on behalf of blue sky, white clouds and stop rotating propellers, Yu said a long history of BMW origins, a symbol of the company's leading position in the aero-engine technology, but also a symbol of the company has always The aims and objectives: in the vast space, with advanced technical skills, the latest concept to meet customer wishes, reflecting the vigorous momentum and the new face of the ever-changing. [PAR] 7. Rolls-Royce [PAR] Rolls-Royce Logo Meaning - Rolls-Royce Rawls \u00b7 Luolao, Lewis Automotive logo two \"R\" overlap, a symbol of you have me, I have you, reflect both harmony and harmonious relationship. [PAR] lawers Laois logo In addition to the double R, the famous trapeze signs. This flag is an idea taken from the corridors of the Louvre in Paris art statue of the goddess of victory in two thousand years of history, she was dignified and noble figure of the artists to produce a source of passion. When automotive art guru Charles Sykes was invited to the Rolls-Lo Lewis Motor Company design marks, goddess like etched in his mind immediately makes him produce inspiration. So an arms stretched to the Goddess of the body with a veil floating in the air. [PAR] 8. Ferrari [PAR] Ferrari Logo Meaning - Ferrari logo is a leaping horse. In the First World War, Italy has a performance very good pilot; his aircraft had this one will bring him good luck in the Yamaha. In the first"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ology List of Sciences - P to Z - About.com Education Ology List of Sciences - P to Z [PAR] Ology List of Sciences [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] Health Tip of the Day [PAR] Recipe of the Day [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Paleoanthropology, the study of prehistoric people and human origins [PAR] Paleobiology, the study of prehistoric life [PAR] Paleobotany, the study of prehistoric metaphytes [PAR] Paleoclimatology, the study of prehistoric climates [PAR] Paleoecology, the study of prehistoric environments by analyzing fossils and rock strata [PAR] Paleontology, the study of fossils of ancient life [PAR] Paleophytology, the study of ancient multicellular plants [PAR] Paleozoology, the study of prehistoric metazoans [PAR] Palynology, the study of pollen [PAR] Parapsychology, the study of paranormal or psychic phenomenon that defy conventional scientific explanations [PAR] Parasitology, the study of parasites [PAR] Pathology, the study of illness [PAR] Petrology, the study of rocks and the conditions by which they form [PAR] Pharmacology, the study of drugs [PAR] Phenology, the study of periodic biological phenomena [PAR] Phlebology, a branch of medicine that deals with the venous system [PAR] Phonology, the study of vocal sounds [PAR] Phycology, the study of algae [PAR] Physiology, the study of the functions of living organisms [PAR] Phytology, the study of plants; botany [PAR] Phytopathology, the study of plant diseases [PAR] Phytosociology, the study of the ecology of plant communities [PAR] Planetology, the study of planets and solar systems [PAR] Planktology, the study of plankton [PAR] Pomology, the scientific study of fruits [PAR] Posology, the study of drug dosage [PAR] Primatology, the study of primates [PAR] Proctology, the medical study of the rectum, anus, colon and pelvic floor [PAR] Psychobiology, the study and psychology of organisms with regard to their functions and structures [PAR] Psychology, the study of mental processes in living creatures [PAR] Psychopathology, the study of mental illness or disorders [PAR] Psychopharmacology, the study of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs [PAR] Psychophysiology, the study of the physiological bases of psychological processes [PAR] Pulmonology, the specialty in medicine that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract [PAR] Radiology, the study of rays, usually ionising radiation [PAR] Reflexology, originally the study of reflexes or of reflex responses [PAR] Rheology, the study of flow [PAR] Rheumatology, the study of rheumatic diseases [PAR] Rhinology, the study of the nose [PAR] Sarcology, a subsection of anatomy that studies the soft tissues [PAR] Scatology, the study of feces [PAR] Sedimentology, a branch of geology that studies sediments [PAR] Seismology, the study of earthquakes [PAR] Selenology, the study of the moon [PAR] Serology, the study of blood serum [PAR] Sexology, the study of sex [PAR] Sitiology, the study of diet [PAR] Sociobiology, the study of the effect of evolution on ethology [PAR] Sociology, the study of society [PAR] Somatology, study of human characteristics [PAR] Somnology, the study of sleep [PAR] Speleology, the study or exploration of caves [PAR] Stomatology, the study of the mouth [PAR] Symptomatology, the study of symptoms [PAR] Synecology, the study of the ecological interrelationships [PAR] Technology, the study of the practical arts [PAR] Thermology, the study of heat [PAR] Tocology, the study of childbirth [PAR] Topology, the mathematical study of closeness and connectedness [PAR] Toxicology, the study of poisons [PAR] Traumatology, the study of wounds and injuries. [PAR] Tribology, the study of friction and lubrication [PAR] Trichology, the study of hair and the scalp [PAR] Typology, the study of classification"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MVR - Maldivian Rufiyaa rates, news, and tools - XE.com MVR - Maldivian Rufiyaa rates, news, and tools [PAR] MVR - Maldivian Rufiyaa [PAR] Maldives (Maldive Islands), Rufiyaa [PAR] The Maldivian Rufiyaa is the currency of Maldives (Maldive Islands). Our currency rankings show that the most popular Maldives (Maldive Islands) Rufiyaa exchange rate is the MVR to INR rate . The currency code for Rufiyaa is MVR. Below, you'll find Maldivian Rufiyaa rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take MVR rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Timeline of the Kings & Queens of England - Historic UK Timeline of the Kings & Queens of England [PAR] There have been 66 monarchs of England and Britain spread over a period of 1500 years. [PAR] [PAR] SAXON KINGS [PAR] EGBERT 827 - 839 [PAR] Egbert (Ecgherht) was the first monarch to establish a stable and extensive rule over all of Anglo-Saxon England. After returning from exile at the court of Charlemagne in 802, he regained his kingdom of Wessex. Following his conquest of Mercia in 827, he controlled all of England south of the Humber. After further victories in Northumberland and North Wales, he is recognised by the title Bretwalda ( Anglo-Saxon , \"ruler of the British\". A year before he died aged almost 70, he defeated a combined force of Danes and Cornish at Hingston Down in Cornwall. He is buried at Winchester in Hampshire. [PAR] AETHELWULF 839-856 [PAR] King of Wessex , son of Egbert and father of Alfred the Great. In 851 Aethelwulf defeated a Danish army at the battle of Oakley while his eldest son Althelstan fought and beat the Danes at sea off the coast of Kent , in what is believed to be the first naval battle. A highly religous man, Athelwulf travelled to Rome with his son Alfred to see the Pope in 855. [PAR] AETHELBALD 856 - 860 [PAR] The eldest son of Aethelwulf, \u00c6thelbald was born around 834. He was crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames in southwest London, after forcing his father to abdicate upon his return from pilgrimage to Rome. Following his fathers death in 858, he married his widowed stepmother Judith, but under pressure from the church the marriage was annulled after only a year. He is buried at Sherbourne Abbey in Dorset . [PAR] AETHELBERT 860 - 866 [PAR] Became king following the death of his brother \u00c6thelbald. Like his brother and his father, Aethelbert (pictured to the right) was crowned at Kingston-Upon-Thames. Shortly after his succession a Danish army landed and sacked Winchester before being defeated by the Saxons. In 865 the Viking Great Heathen Army landed in East Anglia and swept across England. He is buried at Sherborne Abbey. [PAR] AETHELRED I 866 - 871 [PAR] Aethelred succeeded his brother Aethelbert. His reign was one long struggle with the Danes who had occupied York in 866, establishing the Viking kingdom of Yorvik . When the Danish Army moved south Wessex itself was threatened, and so together with his brother Alfred, they fought several battles with the Vikings at Reading, Ashdown and Basing. Aethelred suffered serious injuries during the next major battle at Meretun in Hampshire; he died of his wounds shortly after at Witchampton in Dorset, where he was buried. [PAR] ALFRED THE GREAT 871 - 899 - son of AETHELWULF [PAR] Born at Wantage in Berkshire around 849, Alfred was well educated and is said to have visited Rome on two occasions. He had proven himself to be a strong leader in many battles, and as a wise ruler managed to secure five uneasy years of peace with the Danes, before they attacked Wessex again in 877. Alfred was forced to retreat to a small island in the Somerset Levels and it was from here that he masterminded his comeback, perhaps ' burning the cakes ' as a consequence. With major victories at Edington, Rochester and London, Alfred established Saxon Christian rule over first Wessex, and then on to most of England. To secure his hard won boundaries Alfred founded a permanent army and an embryonic Royal Navy. To secure his place in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The first FA Cup final: A shilling to get in ... - BBC Sport The first FA Cup final: A shilling to get in, no nets and seven up front - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] The first FA Cup final: A shilling to get in, no nets and seven up front [PAR] By Tom Rostance [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Football in the late 19th Century was a chaotic affair as this illustration of an early England v Scotland game at the Oval shows [PAR] Saturday's FA Cup final between Arsenal and Aston Villa at Wembley will be watched by half a billion viewers in more than 120 countries. [PAR] Close to 90,000 fans will be at Wembley for the 134th final of the world's oldest cup competition as two teams of elite, millionaire sportsmen battle it out for glory. [PAR] But what exactly was the scene at the original final way back in 1872? [PAR] An estimated crowd of 2,000 were there to see 22 amateurs play on a cricket pitch, with no nets, as Wanderers beat Royal Engineers 1-0 thanks to a goal from Morton Betts. [PAR] BBC Sport, with the help of Matthew Taylor, professor of history at De Montfort University, look at the first final 143 years ago... [PAR] The best 15 teams in the land [PAR] Prior to the 1872 FA Cup, there were no regular competitive games being played in England. Football Association secretary Charles Alcock drew up plans for the first FA Cup which saw 15 teams enter the first round of November 1871. [PAR] As this letter from July 1871 shows, an FA committee established the first FA Cup. Letter courtesy of the Football Association and the National Football Museum [PAR] Step forward Barnes, Civil Service, Hitchin, Crystal Palace (confusingly not the present-day Palace but their precursors who were dissolved in 1876), Maidenhead, Marlow, Queen's Park, Donington School, Upton Park, Clapham Rovers, Royal Engineers, Reigate Priory, Wanderers, Harrow Chequers and Hampstead Heathens, who were given a bye. [PAR] Teething problems and the logistical headaches of scheduling football matches across Britain in the era of steam meant that Scottish side Queen's Park advanced to the semi-finals without actually playing a game. [PAR] The semi-finals - both goalless draws - were played at the Kennington Oval. The Royal Engineers booked their place in the final with a 3-0 replay win over Crystal Palace, while Wanderers made it through when Queen's Park decided they could not afford another costly trip to London for the replay and withdrew. [PAR] A (gentle)man's game: The Royal Engineers side of 1872 [PAR] The historian's view: \"The general consensus is that the FA Cup was based on the knockout competitions between 'Houses' at major public schools such as Harrow. But Alcock may also have taken inspiration from existing competitions in the provinces, such as Sheffield's Youdon Cup, launched in 1867. [PAR] \"Certainly football was equally, if not more, established and popular in Sheffield as it was in London at this time, and the elite ex-public schoolboys based in the capital knew and played against teams from Sheffield, Nottingham and elsewhere.\" [PAR] Invented the Cup, ran the FA [PAR] Alcock - the brains behind the whole idea - played in defence for Wanderers. [PAR] Formed in 1859 as Forest Football Club, the side mainly consisted of former Harrow public schoolboys and took the name 'Wanderers' because they played their matches at different grounds. But by 1869 the club was based at the Kennington Oval, where Alcock also happened to be the secretary of Surrey cricket club."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Cup Willie's sporting mascot legacy - BBC News World Cup Willie's sporting mascot legacy - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] World Cup Willie's sporting mascot legacy [PAR] By Emma Kasprzak BBC News [PAR] 15 June 2012 [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] Image caption Reg Hoye based Willie on his 12-year-old son Leo who is now 58 [PAR] Ask any football fan of a certain age of their memories of the 1966 World Cup and aside from the England win there is one name that often crops up. [PAR] He was not a footballer or a fan although he dressed in red, white and blue and could often be seen cheering on England. [PAR] World Cup Willie was the first World Cup mascot - a cartoon lion sporting a Union Jack football shirt and a 60s mop-top mane. [PAR] Parents buying Euro 2012 and Olympics mascot toys today can thank Willie, or his creator Reg Hoye, for kick-starting the merchandise boom that accompanies most international sporting events. [PAR] 'Big moment' [PAR] Mr Hoye was a commercial artist who illustrated some of Enid Blyton's children's books. [PAR] Image caption Reg Hoye was a freelance designer when he created the football mascot [PAR] In the 1960s he was living in Marlow, Buckinghamshire, with his family when he was asked to design a mascot for the FA to use for the 1966 World Cup. [PAR] He came up with four designs - a boy and three different lions. [PAR] It was one of the lions, which he based on his son Leo, that became the official mascot of the tournament. [PAR] Dr Leo Francis Hoye, who now lives in Hong Kong where he is a professor of linguistics, said it was very exciting at the time to be involved in the World Cup and be given mascots and a branded tracksuit to wear when he was photographed by the media. [PAR] He said: \"It was a big moment, my father had quite a lot of success with Enid Blyton, but when World Cup Willie took off it was exciting because of all the interest. [PAR] \"There was a lot of interest from West Germany and the Soviet Union which was quite extraordinary, everyone entered into the spirit of celebrating sport without the nationalism you see today.\" [PAR] Legal challenge [PAR] The logo was to lead to more mascot work, with Mr Hoye being asked to design a polar bear character for London Zoo and a red devil for Manchester United. [PAR] The Lion's Anthem [PAR] Dressed in red, white and blue, he's World Cup Willie [PAR] We all love him too, World Cup Willie [PAR] He's tough as a lion and never will give up [PAR] That's why Willie is favourite for the cup [PAR] World Cup Willie by Lonnie Donegan [PAR] But none of them eclipsed his earlier creation. [PAR] Leo said: \"Willie was used on everything from tea towels to bedspreads and mugs - all those things are very common (as merchandise) now but at the time it was very new. [PAR] \"My father was very patriotic so he was very happy about the excitement that surrounded the mascot.\" [PAR] Mr Hoye died in 1987 but his World Cup mascot is still remembered today. [PAR] His son is currently writing a book about Willie's creation and his influence on sports branding around the world. [PAR] He said: \"He is not just remembered in Britain but by people of my generation from other countries. [PAR] \"I've looked through the FA's archives and there was tremendous interest from all over"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Official Website of the Rams - Derby County FC latest news ... Official Website of the Rams - Derby County FC latest news, photos and videos [PAR] Derby County Business Finder is powered by city-visitor.com & cityvisitor.co.uk [PAR] By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. You can change this and find out more by following this link . [PAR] Accept Cookies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charleroi - Club Brugge live score - SofaScore.com Club Brugge Charleroi live score, video stream and H2H results - SofaScore.com [PAR] To watch live stream at bet365: [PAR] Sign in or Register (it's free) to watch Live Stream* [PAR] Open live stream player and select the game. bet365 offers over 70,000 live streaming events per year. Unfortunately, live streaming is not available for this match on bet365. [PAR] Open live stream player to see streaming schedule. Live Streaming is available to customers with credit on their account. [PAR] AttackMomentum\u2122 is a new and unique way to follow your favorite games live. Using a complex algorithm, we are able to bring you very accurate insight into the course of the game. Peaks on the graph are showing the pressure of a team throughout the match. [PAR] Home team - period of high pressure [PAR] Away team - short period of low pressure [PAR] About the match [PAR] Club Brugge Charleroi live score (and video online live stream*) starts on 5.2.2017. at 13:30 UTC time in First Division A - Belgium. Here on SofaScore livescore you can find all Club Brugge vs Charleroi previous results sorted by their H2H matches. Links to Club Brugge vs. Charleroi video highlights are collected in the Media tab for the most popular matches as soon as video appear on video hosting sites like Youtube or Dailymotion. We're not responsible for any video content, please contact video file owners or hosters for any legal complaints. [PAR] You can watch Club Brugge vs. Charleroi live stream online if you are registered member of bet365, the leading online betting company that has streaming coverage for more than 70.000 live sports events with live betting during the year. If this match is covered by bet365 live streaming you can watch football match Club Brugge Charleroi on your iPhone, iPad, Android or Windows phone. It's also easy to find video highlights and news from the most popular sports leagues in the world. Live bet365 odds are viewable in SofaScore's football livescore section. We don't offer a TV schedule here, if you would like to watch this match on TV you'll probably find it it on some more popular channels like iTV, BBC, Al Jazeera Sports, Sky Sports, Gol TV, Canal+, SportTV, FOX Soccer, Setanta, ESPN, etc. [PAR] More details: [PAR] Charleroi live score, schedule and results [PAR] SofaScore livescore is available as iPhone and iPad app, Android app on Google Play and Windows phone app. You can find us in all stores on different languages as \"SofaScore\". Install SofaScore app on and follow Club Brugge Charleroi live on your mobile! [PAR] Show more [PAR] Standings [PAR] Matches [PAR] *IMPORTANT NOTICE \u2013 Sofascore.com in partnership with bet365 offers over 70,000 live streaming events per year. However, please note that the intellectual property rights to stream such events are usually owned at a country level and therefore, depending on your location, there may be certain events that you may be unable to view due to such restrictions. Prior to joining bet365 and funding your account in order to view Club Brugge Charleroi, or any other particular event via the bet365 live stream, you are strongly advised to check with bet365 if, depending on your place of residence, it is possible to view the live streamed event in question. Find out more about contacting bet365 here , either by telephone, post, email or chat."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The FA Cup Finalists 2000-2009 - Historical Football Kits The FA Cup Finalists 2000-2009 - Historical Football Kits [PAR] English League Teams > FA Cup Finals [PAR] English FA Cup Finalists 2000 - 2009 [PAR] By the turn of the century, Wembley Stadium was showing its age and its facilities were far inferior to the new club stadia that were being built around the UK. In 2000, [PAR] the stadium was torn down and work begun on the new Wembley. Sadly the iconic twin towers were not preserved but in their place the designers put a graceful steel arch that could be seen right across London. The FA Cup's new temporary home was the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, a magnificent state of the art structure built for the 1999 Rugby World Cup. [PAR] 1999 - 2000 [PAR] Liverpool 3 West Ham United 3 (Liverpool won 3-1 on penalties) [PAR] venue Millennium Stadium, Cardiff [PAR] date 13 May 2006 [PAR] The new Wembley Stadium was behind schedule so the final stayed in Cardiff and was again decided on penalties. West Ham scored after seven minutes (Carragher og) and twenty minutes later they had a second. Liverpool came storming back and had a goal disallowed before Cisse volleyed home on 32 minutes. Ten minutes after the break, Gerrard equalised but West Ham stunned the Liverpool support by taking back the lead when Konchesky sent over a high cross that looped over Reina in the into the net. Liverpool teams generally do not know when they are beaten and this side was no exception. As the match went into injury time and the Hammers' fans prepared to celebrate, Liverpool's captain Steve Gerrard scored from 35 yards. There was little action in extra-time and both teams were prepared to settle for a penalty contest. Reina saved three penalties in the shoot-out, an exciting climax to what was considered the best final for 20 years. [PAR] [PAR] Portsmouth 1 Cardiff City 0 [PAR] venue Wembley Stadium [PAR] date 17 May 2008 [PAR] For once none of the four big Premiership sides featured in the FA Cup final of 2008. Both teams had previously won the cup before the Second World War, Cardiff in 1927 and Portsmouth in 1939. The match was closely contested and only a single goal, snatched by Kanu when the Cardiff goalkeeper fumbled in the 38th minute, separated the sides. In the second half Cardiff, wearing the lucky black kit that had seen them through both quarter- and semi-finals, pressed their Premier League opponents harder and harder but could not find their way through. For the first time in 69 years the famous Pompey Chimes rang out at Wembley Stadium. [PAR] [PAR] venue Wembley Stadium [PAR] date 30 May 2009 [PAR] The final was put back to the end of May to ensure that it would be the climax to the domestic season. On a baking hot day in brilliant sunshine, Everton, playing in their first final since 1995, could not have asked for a better start when Louis Saha scored after just 25 seconds, the fastest ever goal in a cup final. Chelsea came back strongly to equalise midway through the first half, Didier Drogba finding space between Everton's central defenders to head home Malouda's cross. Chelsea dominated the second half but, with both teams committed to the attack, the match might have gone either way before Lampard let fly a terrific strike from distance that beat Tim Howard in the Everton goal with sheer pace. Chelsea could have had a third when Malouda's powerful shot hit the underside"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Juan Mata to wear No 8 shirt and relishes chance to join ... Juan Mata to wear No 8 shirt and relishes chance to join Wayne Rooney at Manchester United - Telegraph [PAR] Manchester United [PAR] Juan Mata to wear No 8 shirt and relishes chance to join Wayne Rooney at Manchester United [PAR] Manchester United's record \u00a337.1 million signing Juan Mata talks about Wayne Rooney, turning down the No 7 shirt and arriving at the club in a helicopter [PAR] Follow [PAR] Juan Mata says he cannot wait to play alongside Wayne Rooney for Manchester United and push for the Champions League. United\u2019s \u00a337.1 million new signing operates best in a similar position to Rooney, playing off the main striker, but believes they will dovetail well. [PAR] \u201cI can\u2019t wait to play with him at Old Trafford,\u2019\u2019 said Mata, talking before training at Carrington on Monday. \u201cFor me, he is one of the best players in England. He is unbelievable; he can score, he can assist and he can take the ball in midfield. I will enjoy playing alongside him a lot. I will try to connect with him as much as I can. I will try to find the gaps between midfield and defence because that is something I was used to doing last season. That is the best position for me to play; to try to assist the strikers.\u2019\u2019 [PAR] Mata believes United\u2019s resilience will hope them hunt down a Champions League position. They are currently six points behind fourth-placed Liverpool (who have a vastly superior goal difference). \u201cWhat I like most about this club is the character,\u2019\u2019 said Mata of United. \u201cIf another club was in this (seventh) position in the league it would be very, very difficult for them to come back and to take first position. This club can do it, always can do it. This club can fight to the end, always together to the end, with character, with fighting on the pitch. This is the real image I have of Manchester United: always trying to win titles, always fighting for every title, and always coming back from difficult moments. [PAR] \u201cThis season they had some unlucky moments that they didn\u2019t deserve. [PAR] It is very important for us and for the club that we finish in a position that enables us to play in the Champions League next season. It is what this club deserves because it has always played in the Champions League. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] United plot moves for Kroos and Reus [PAR] 25 Jan 2014 [PAR] \u201cI like pressure. It\u2019s good when people are expecting big things from you. I am looking forward to try and make all these amazing fans happy. Everything is going to be fine, with the squad we have, with the players who will come in the summer. This club will be successful for sure.\u2019\u2019 [PAR] David Moyes was \u201cthrilled\u201d at landing the World Cup-winner. \u201cI got wind of it a month or two ago that it could be a possibility,\u2019\u2019 said the United manager. \u201cI never really believed we would pull it off. I didn\u2019t think we would get much done in January but when we got the sniff that Juan could be available we went after it straight away. So congratulations to the club and Ed Woodward for getting the deal done. I have always said we will be making changes and Juan\u2019s the first. There will be more players like Juan in the future.\u2019\u2019 [PAR] Mata was not in Jose Mourinho\u2019s first-team plans at Chelsea, particularly not with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Partick Thistle Official Football Shirts & New Kit Releases Partick Thistle Official Football Shirts & New Kit Releases [PAR] Partick Thistle 2016/17 Joma Home Shirt [PAR] Ladbrokes Premiership club Partick Thistle unveil their truly striking home shirt for 2016/17. Partick Thistle's trademark red and yellow colour-way continues once again on their 2016/17 home shirt for the elite of Scottish football through a modernly designed template by Joma, which can hopefull [...] [PAR] Ladbrokes Premiership club Partick Thistle unveil their truly striking home shirt for 2016/17. Partick Thistle's trademark red and yellow colour-way continues once again on their 2016/17 home shirt for the elite of Scottish football through a modernly designed template by Joma, which can hopefull [...] [PAR] Partick Thistle 15/16 Jome Away Kit [PAR] On the back of their new home kit launched in July, Scottish outfit Partick Thistle have officially launched their new away kit for the 2015-16 season. The brand new away shirt for Partick Thistle is sky blue and features thin white hoops on the front panel of the shirt. Like on the new home shir [...] [PAR] On the back of their new home kit launched in July, Scottish outfit Partick Thistle have officially launched their new away kit for the 2015-16 season. The brand new away shirt for Partick Thistle is sky blue and features thin white hoops on the front panel of the shirt [...] [PAR] Scottish Premiership side Partick Thistle have officially launched their new home kit for the 2015-16 season. Supplied by Spanish brand Joma who also supply kits to the likes of Clyde, Dunfermline Athletic, Queen of the South and St [...] [PAR] Scottish Premiership side Partick Thistle have officially launched their new home kit for the 2015-16 season [...] [PAR] Partick Thistle 2014-15 Joma Away Kit [PAR] Having launched their new home kit for the 2014-15 season back in June this year, Scottish club Partick Thistle have now revealed their new away kit. Supplied by Spanish brand Joma, the new away shirt for the Jags is black and boasts hot pink trim on the sides, v-neck collar and shoulder region. [...] [PAR] Having launched their new home kit for the 2014-15 season back in June this year, Scottish club Partick Thistle have now revealed their new away kit [...]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mexico vs Brazil 2-1 Olympics Final 2012 - YouTube Mexico vs Brazil 2-1 Olympics Final 2012 - YouTube [PAR] Mexico vs Brazil 2-1 Olympics Final 2012 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 11, 2012 [PAR] Mexico wins the Gold Medal in the final of the Olympic Games London 2012 Soccer. The first Gold Medal in Mexico national football (soccer) team's history. [PAR] Mexico gana la Medalla De Oro en la final de los Juegos Olimpicos Londres 2012 F\u00fatbol. La primera Medalla De Oro en la historia de la Selecci\u00f3n De f\u00fatbol De M\u00e9xico. [PAR] ---------"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IFFHS' Century Elections - rsssf.com IFFHS' Century Elections [PAR] IFFHS' Century Elections [PAR] Winners' List for all Countries (separate file) [PAR] The IFFHS (International Federation of Football History and Statistics) has been organizing elections for the \"Football Player of the Century\" for various countries and continents, and separate elections for the \"Goal 'Keeper of the Century\". Apparently elections were based on polls of journalists and former players, but no specific details are known. Players above the dotted lines in the continental elections were eligible for the worldwide elections . Players whose country is given in italics were (implicitly) chosen as the best of their country. [PAR] World - Player of the Century [PAR] 1.\"Pel\u00e9\" (Brazil) 1705 (Edson Arantes do Nascimento) 2.Johan Cruijff (Netherlands) 1303 3.Franz Beckenbauer (Germany) 1228 4.Alfredo di St\u00e9fano (Argentina) 1215 5.Diego Armando Maradona (Argentina) 1214 6.Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s (Hungary) 810 7.Michel Platini (France) 722 8.Garrincha (Brazil) 624 (Manoel dos Santos Garrincha) 9.Eus\u00e9bio (Portugal) 544 (Eus\u00e9bio Ferreira da Silva) 10.Robert Charlton (England) 508 11.Stanley Matthews (England) 368 12.Marco van Basten (Netherlands) 315 13.Gerd M\ufffdller (Germany) 265 14.Zico (Brazil) 207 15.Lothar Matth\ufffdus (Germany) 202 16.George Best (N. Ireland) 187 17.Juan Alberto Schiaffino(Uruguay) 158 18.Ruud Gullit (Netherlands) 119 19.Valdir Pereira Didi (Brazil) 116 Gianni Rivera (Italy) 116 21.Giuseppe Meazza (Italy) 108 22.Matthias Sindelar (Austria) 106 23 Fritz Walter (Germany) 103 24.Robert Moore (England) 98 25.Jos\u00e9 Manuel Moreno (Argentina) 96 26.Hugo S\u00e1nchez (Mexico) 85 27.George Weah (Liberia) 79 28.Roger Milla (Cameroon) 78 29.Jos\u00e9 Leonardo Andrade (Uruguay) 74 30.Just Fontaine (France) 73 Francisco Gento (Spain) 73 32.Ladislao Kubala (Spain) 71 33.Franco Baresi (Italy) 70 34.Josef Bican (Czechoslovakia) 63 35.Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (Germany) 59 36.Omar Sivori (Argentina) 56 37.Elias Figueroa (Chile) 55 38.Kevin Keegan (England) 53 39.S\u00e1ndor Kocsis (Hungary) 52 40.H\u00e9ctor Scarone (Uruguay) 51 41.Josef Masopust (Czechoslovakia) 46 42.Giacchinto Facchetti (Italy) 44 43.Raymond Kopa (France) 41 Alessandro Mazzola (Italy) 41 45.Uwe Seeler (Germany) 40 46.Gunnar Nordahl (Sweden) 36 47.Zizinho (Brazil) 35 48.Te\u00f3filo Cubillas (Peru) 34 49.Arsenio Erico (Paraguay) 30 50.Denis Law (Scotland) 29 [PAR] World - Keeper of the Century [PAR] 1.Lev Yashin (Soviet Union) 1002 2.Gordon Banks (England) 717 3.Dino Zoff (Italy) 661 4.Sepp Maier (Germany) 456 5.Ricardo Zamora (Spain) 443 6.Jos\u00e9 Luis F\u00e9lix Chilavert(Paraguay) 373 7.Peter Schmeichel (Denmark) 291 8.Peter Shilton (England) 196 9.Franti\u009aek Pl\u00e1nicka (Czechoslovakia) 194 10.Amadeo Ra\u00fal Carrizo (Argentina) 192 11.Gilmar dos Santos Neves(Brazil) 160 12.Ladislao Mazurkiewicz (Uruguay) 144 13.Patrick Jennings (N. Ireland) 132 14.Ubaldo Matildo Fillol (Argentina) 121 15.Antonio Carbajal (Mexico) 105 16.Jean-Marie Pfaff (Belgium) 95 17.Rinat Dasaev (Soviet Union) 89 18.Gyula Grosics (Hungary) 87 19.Thomas Ravelli (Sweden) 66 20.Walter Zenga (Italy) 62 Keepers that figured between places 21 and 50 include: Jorge Campos (Mexico) Edwin van der Sar (Netherlands) Ren\ufffd Higuita (Colombia) Mohammed Al-Deayea (Saudi Arabia) Andreas K\ufffdpke (Germany) [PAR] World - Female Player of the Century [PAR] 1.Mia Hamm (USA) 443 2.Michelle Akers (USA) 411 3.Heidi Mohr (Germany) 250 4.Carolina Morace (Italy) 230 5.Sissi (Brazil) 212 6.Linda Medalen (Norway) 181 7.Liu Ailing (China) 165 8.Kristine Lilly (USA) 160 9.Heidi St\ufffdre (Norway) 141 10.Pia Sundhage (Sweden) 129 11.Joulie Foudy (USA) 117 12.Gao Hong (China) 100 13.Silvia Neid (Germany) 83 14.Joy Fawcett (USA) 82 15.Elisabetta Vignotto (Italy) 77 16.Helge Riise (Norway) 76 17.Bettina Wiegmann (Germany) 73 18.Sun Qing-Mei (China) 63 19.Pretinha (Brazil) 46 20.Martina Voss (Germany) 39 21.Gro Espeseth (Norway) 32 Lena Videkull (Sweden) 32 23.Ann Kristin Aar\ufffdnes (Norway) 29 24.Charmaine Hooper (Canada) 27 Gunn Nyborg (Norway) 27 26.Carin Gabarra-Jennings (USA) 25 Fan Yunjie (China) 25 28.Anette B\ufffdrjesson (Sweden) 24 29.Doris Fitschen (Germany) 23 30.Alicia Vargas (Mexico) 22 31.Roseli (Brazil) 21 32.Elisabeth Leidinge (Sweden) 20 33.Birthe Hegstadt (Norway) 18 [PAR] Africa - Player of the Century [PAR] 1.George"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 50 facts about Vinnie Jones: British actor and former ... 50 facts about Vinnie Jones: British actor and former professional footballer : People : BOOMSbeat [PAR] (Photo : Credit: Jason Merritt ) Caption:HOLLYWOOD, CA - JANUARY 04: Actor Vinnie Jones arrives at the premiere of NBC's 'The Cape' on January 4, 2011 in Hollywood, California. (Photo by Jason Merritt/Getty Images) [PAR] Vinnie Jones and 50 things you didn't know about him. [PAR] 1. Vincent Peter \"Vinnie\" Jones was born on 5 January 1965. He is a British actor and former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1984 to 1999 notably for Wimbledon, Leeds United, Sheffield United and Chelsea. [PAR] 2. Born in Watford, Hertfordshire, Jones represented and captained the Welsh national football team, having qualified via a Welsh grandparent. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] 3. As a member of the \"Crazy Gang\", he won the 1988 FA Cup Final with Wimbledon, a club for which he played well over 200 games during two spells between 1986 and 1998. [PAR] 4. Vinnie Jones also played for Chelsea, Leeds United, Sheffield United and Queens Park Rangers. [PAR] 5. Vinnie Jones was a defensive midfielder who was especially noted for his very aggressive style of play, earning him a \"hard man\" image on the field. [PAR] 6. Since his retirement from football, he has capitalised on his tough man image and is now known as an actor for his aggressive and intimidating demeanour, often being typecast into roles as violent criminals and thugs. [PAR] 7. Vinnie Jones appeared in Celebrity Big Brother 2010, where he finished in third place behind Dane Bowers and Alex Reid. [PAR] 8. Vinnie Jones was born in Watford, Hertfordshire, to Peter (a gamekeeper) and Glenda (n\u00e9e Harris) Jones, and attended Chancellor's School in nearby Brookmans Park. [PAR] 9. Jones' career in football began in 1984, when he was 19 years old, at Alliance Premier League side Wealdstone. [PAR] 10. Vinnie Jones combined football with working as a hod carrier on building sites [PAR] 11. Vinnie Jones played one season with Swedish club IFK Holmsund in 1986, helping to lead the team to a Division 3 victory. [PAR] 12. In 1986, aged 21, he moved to full-time professional status with Wimbledon, who paid Wealdstone \u00a310,000 for him. He scored on only his second appearance for Wimbledon on 29 November 1986, in a 1-0 win over Manchester United in the First Division. [PAR] 13. He was transferred to Leeds United in 1989. He was promoted to the old Division One from the Second Division. After helping them win promotion to the top-flight as champions of the Second Division, he proved he could thrive, and under the stewardship of Howard Wilkinson and the captaincy of Gordon Strachan, received only three yellow cards during the entire season. [PAR] 14. Vinnie Jones left Leeds United early in the 1990-91 season after losing his first-team place to youngsters David Batty and Gary Speed, as well as new signing Gary McAllister. [PAR] 15. Vinnie Jones returned to Leeds for Lucas Radebe's testimonial in 2006. [PAR] 16. His former Wimbledon manager Dave Bassett signed him for Sheffield United on his exit from Elland Road, before selling him to Chelsea a year later. [PAR] 17. His second exit from Wimbledon came when he became player/coach of QPR in early 1998, scoring on his debut against Huddersfield Town. [PAR] 18. In December 1994, Jones was named in the Wales squad qualifying via his Ruthin-born maternal grandfather. He made his debut under Mike Smith for Wales on 14 December 1994, three weeks before his 30th birthday, in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1966 FIFA World Cup Final - Football Wiki - Wikia 1966 FIFA World Cup Final | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1966 FIFA World Cup Final [PAR] 10,147pages on [PAR] 1970 \u2192 [PAR] The 1966 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match in the 1966 FIFA World Cup , the eighth football World Cup and one of the most controversial finals ever. The match was contested by England and West Germany on 30 July 1966 at Wembley Stadium in London, and had an attendance of 96,924. [PAR] England won 4\u20132 after extra time to win the Jules Rimet Trophy . The England team became known as the \"wingless wonders\", on account of their then-unconventional narrow attacking formation, described at the time as a 4\u20133\u20133. The match is remembered for England's only World Cup trophy, Geoff Hurst 's hat-trick \u2013 the only one ever scored in a World Cup Final \u2013 and the controversial third goal awarded to England by referee Gottfried Dienst and linesman Tofiq Bahramov . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Road to Wembley [PAR] Both teams were strong throughout the tournament. Each won all but one of their three matches in the group stages, which they both drew. West Germany tied against Argentina, while England drew against Uruguay, at that time tied for the number of World Cups won with Italy and Brazil. The German team conceded but two goals before the final, and England did not concede at all until their semi-final against Portugal. [PAR] England [PAR] Summary [PAR] Normal time [PAR] England, managed by Alf Ramsey and captained by Bobby Moore , won the toss and elected to kick off. After 12 minutes, Siegfried Held sent a cross into the English penalty area which Ray Wilson misheaded to Helmut Haller , who got his shot on target. Jackie Charlton and goalkeeper Gordon Banks failed to deal with the shot which went in making it 1\u20130 to West Germany. [PAR] In the 19th minute, Wolfgang Overath conceded a free kick, which Moore took immediately, floating a cross into the West German area, where Geoff Hurst rose unchallenged and levelled the scores with a downward glancing header. The teams were level at half-time, and after 77 minutes England won a corner. Alan Ball delivered the ball to Geoff Hurst whose deflected shot from the edge of the area found Martin Peters . He produced the final shot, beating the West German keeper from eight yards to make the score 2\u20131 to England. [PAR] Germany pressed for an equaliser in the closing moments, and in the 89th minute Jack Charlton conceded a free kick for climbing on Uwe Seeler as they both went up for a header. The kick was taken by Lothar Emmerich , who struck it into George Cohen in the wall; the rebound fell to Held, who shot across the face of goal and into the body of Karl-Heinz Schnellinger . The ball deflected across the England six-yard box, wrong-footing the England defence and allowing Wolfgang Weber to level the score at 2\u20132 and force the match into extra time. Banks protested that the ball had struck Schnellinger on the arm, and reiterated the claim in his 2002 autobiography, but replays showed that it actually struck Schnellinger on the back. [PAR] Extra time [PAR] England pressed forward and created several chances. In particular, with five minutes gone, Bobby Charlton struck the post and sent another shot just wide. With 11 minutes of extra time gone, Alan Ball put in a cross and Geoff Hurst swivelled and shot from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Which clubs have Latin on their badges? | Football | The ... Which clubs have Latin on their badges? | Football | The Guardian [PAR] The Knowledge [PAR] Which clubs have Latin on their badges? [PAR] Plus: big-money flops, the worst league in the world, and the longest gap between England caps. Email knowledge@guardian.co.uk [PAR] Arsenal's Clive Allen - but not for long [PAR] Tuesday 31 August 2004 05.49 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 31 August 2004 05.49 EDT [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] \"Which British football clubs currently have, or have had, Latin words or phrases on their club badges?\" asks Robin Jouglah. \"Can I have translations too?\" [PAR] By our reckoning, Robin, there are currently four Premiership sides whose badges still dabble in the noble (but very dead) language of Latin. The Blackburn Rovers motto is \"Arte et labore,\" which means \"by skill and labour\". More controversial is the inscription on Everton's badge, which reads \"Nil satis nisi optimum\" and roughly translates as \"Nothing but the best is good enough\". Rumours that the Goodison authorities are thinking of adding \"unless the price is right\" have so far proved unfounded. [PAR] Manchester City's motto is \"Superbia in proelia,\" which as every Latin scholar knows means \"Pride in battle,\" while Spurs rejoice in the SAS-like exhortation \"Audere est facere,\" or \"To dare is to do\". [PAR] In the lower leagues, Sheffield Wednesday boast of \"Consilio et anamis\" - which means \"intelligence and courage\" - while Bristol City share their motto of \"Vim promovet insitam\" (\"Promotes your inner power\") with the city's university. Gillingham claim to be the \"domus clamantium\", or \"home of the shouting men\". [PAR] North of the border, Kilmarnock have the monopoly on Latin in the Premierleague with their simple but classy \"Confidemus\", or \"We trust\". Elgin City win the comedy rosette for their \"Sic itur astra\", meaning \"Thus we reach the stars\". But the prize for non-pretentiousness goes to Queens Park, who play at Hampden but are currently in the Scottish third division. They meekly suggest \"Ludere causa ludendi,\" which means \"to play for the sake of playing\". [PAR] WHAT A LOAD OF RUBBISH [PAR] \"Who is the most expensive player to never make a first-team appearance for his club?\" asks Antonia Fraser. [PAR] One of the earliest known flops is Clive Allen, who joined Arsenal from QPR on June 13, 1980 for \u00a31.25m and left for Crystal Palace two months later for the same price - a fortune in those innocent days. \"There were rumours at the time of a deal with Palace based on the premise that QPR would not sell him directly to Palace,\" reckons Howard Nurtman. \"While \u00a31.25m does not pay for a competent groundsman these days, the deal was the equivalent of Newcastle buying Wayne Rooney and then swapping him for Ruud van Nistelrooy without playing him.\" [PAR] Both John Hudson and Theodore Kamena mention the strange case of Nicolas Medina, who joined Sunderland from Aregntinos Juniors in June 2001 for \u00a33.5m and has done very little since. Now, strictly speaking, Medina played in an FA Cup third-round replay against Bolton in January 2003 but, as John Hudson points out, \"both clubs had fielded weakened sides, viewing the Cup as less important than their ongoing relegation battles\". Medina, incidentally, is now the proud owner of an Olympic gold medal. [PAR] Moving up the evolutionary ladder we reach the Croatian defender Robert Jarni, who signed for Coventry for \u00a34.5m in August 1998. \"He watched a friendly with his wife,\" says Tim Ward, \"who allegedly told him he couldn't"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Escape To Victory (1981) Trailer - YouTube Escape To Victory (1981) Trailer - YouTube [PAR] Escape To Victory (1981) Trailer [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Aug 31, 2014 [PAR] Escape to Victory, known simply as Victory in North America, is a 1981 film about Allied prisoners of war who are interned in a German prison camp during World War II who play an exhibition match of football against a German team. The film was directed by John Huston and stars Michael Caine, Sylvester Stallone, Max von Sydow and Daniel Massey. [PAR] The film received great attention upon its theatrical release, as it also starred professional footballers Bobby Moore, Osvaldo Ardiles, Kazimierz Deyna, Paul Van Himst, Mike Summerbee, Hallvar Thoresen, Werner Roth and Pel\u00e9. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] 1981 - Escape to Victory - PanoGraph 1981 - Escape to Victory | [PAR] 1981 - Escape to Victory [PAR] Escape to Victory, known simply as Victory in North America, is a 1981 film about Allied prisoners of war who are interned in a German prison camp during World War II. The film was directed by John Huston and stars Michael Caine, Sylvester Stallone and Max von Sydow. [PAR] The film received great attention upon its theatrical release, as it also starred football superstars Bobby Moore, Osvaldo Ardiles, Kazimierz Deyna and Pel\u00e9. Numerous Ipswich Town F.C. players were also in the film, including John Wark, Russell Osman, Laurie Sivell, Robin Turner and Kevin O'Callaghan. Further Ipswich Town players stood in for actors in the football scenes - Kevin Beattie for Michael Caine, and Paul Cooper for Sylvester Stallone. The script was written by Yabo Yablonsky. [PAR] In some locations, such as North America, the film is known as Victory. [PAR] Escape to Victory [PAR] [PAR] Plot [PAR] Association Football plays an integral part of the film. The prisoners of war (POWs), coached and represented by John Colby (Michael Caine), who was a professional footballer for West Ham before the war, agree to play an exhibition match against a German team, only to find themselves involved in a German propaganda stunt. In the end, the POWs can leave the German camp only to play the match; they are to be imprisoned again following the match. During the game, despite the match officials being heavily biased towards the Germans, and the German team causing several deliberate injuries to the Allied players, a draw is achieved after great performances from Luis Fernandez (portrayed by Pel\u00e9), Carlos Rey (portrayed by Osvaldo Ardiles) and Arthur Hayes (portrayed by John Wark). American soldier Robert Hatch (Sylvester Stallone) plays the goalkeeping position, and makes excellent saves including one last save on a penalty kick as time expires to deny the Germans the win, drawing the game 4-4. Although, the POWs scored a goal which was disallowed by the referee, for a dubious offside decision, making the score 5-4 which prompted the crowd to shout \"Victory!\" [PAR] Some team members plan to escape at halftime (in an escape led by Hatch) but the rest of the team (led by Russell Osman saying \"but we can win this\") want to carry on with the game, despite being behind at halftime. They manage to escape at the end of the game, amidst"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marshall Islands - Encyclopedia of the Nations Marshall Islands [PAR] Marshall Islands [PAR] Official name: Republic of the Marshall Islands [PAR] Area: 181 square kilometers (70 square miles) [PAR] Highest point on mainland: Unnamed location on Likiep (10 meters/33 feet) [PAR] Lowest point on land: Sea level [PAR] Hemispheres: Northern and Eastern [PAR] Coastline: 370 kilometers (230 miles) [PAR] Territorial sea limits: 22 kilometers (12 nautical miles) [PAR] 1 LOCATION AND SIZE [PAR] The Marshall Islands are located in the central h2cific Ocean, between Hawaii and Papua New Guinea, and near Kiribati. Their combined land area is only slightly larger than Washington, D.C. The Marshall Islands include thirty-three municipalities. [PAR] 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES [PAR] The Marshall Islands have no territories or dependencies. [PAR] 3 CLIMATE [PAR] Since the Marshall Islands are located near the equator, the climate is hot and humid and there is little change between seasonal temperatures. Daily temperatures generally vary between 21\u00b0C and 34\u00b0C (70\u00b0F and 93\u00b0F). The high temperatures are cooled from December through March by trade winds that blow in from the northeast. [PAR] Monthly rainfall averages between 30 and 38 centimeters (12 and 15 inches). The wettest months are October and November and the driest are December through April. Because rainfall increases from north to south, the northern atolls receive an average of 178 centimeters (70 inches) annually, while the southern atolls average 432 centimeters (170 inches). [PAR] 4 TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS [PAR] Lying in the west-central part of the Pacific Ocean, the Marshall Islands are comprised of 1,152 islands (five of which are major islands) and 29 atolls, which form two almost parallel, chain-like formations known as the Sunrise (Ratak), or Eastern, group and the Sunset (Ralik), or Western, group. Most of the islands have an atoll formation; namely, narrow strips of low-lying land enclosing a lagoon. [PAR] 5 OCEANS AND SEAS [PAR] Seacoast and Undersea Features [PAR] Located in the central Pacific Ocean, the Marshall Islands have 870 reef systems with about 160 coral species. The ocean floor around the Marshall Islands is also the final resting place of numerous Japanese and American battleships, sunk during World War II (1939-45). [PAR] Sea Inlets and Straits [PAR] Calalien Pass, the main channel in Majuro, is deep and wide; its configuration allows large container ships to pass between the ocean and the lagoon. [PAR] Islands and Archipelagos [PAR] Atolls, narrow strips of low land that enclose a lagoon, make up the majority of Marshall Islands. The Sunrise (Ratak) Group includes Mili, Majuro, Maloelap, Wotje, Likiep, Rongelap, Ailinginae, Bikini, Enewetok, and Ujelang Atolls. The Sunset (Ralik) Group includes Namorik, Ebon, Jaluit, Ailinglaplap, and Kwajalein Atolls. Besides atolls, the Marshall Islands also contain coral limestone and sand islands and islets. [PAR] Coastal Features [PAR] The Marshall Islands feature many white sand beaches. [PAR] 6 INLAND LAKES [PAR] The Marshall Islands are too small to support any bodies of water larger than small lagoons and ponds. [PAR] 7 RIVERS AND WATERFALLS [PAR] There are no notable rivers on any of the Marshall Islands. [PAR] 8 DESERTS [PAR] There are no desert areas on the Marshall Islands. [PAR] 9 FLAT AND ROLLING TERRAIN [PAR] Most of the flat areas have sandy soils that are not very fertile. Coconut palms, bread-fruit, pandanu, and citrus trees are the dominant tree species; in fact, about 8,900 hectares (22,000 acres) of land is planted with coconut palms. [PAR] The Marshall Islands are not particularly hilly. [PAR] 10 MOUNTAINS AND VOLCANOES [PAR] There are no mountains or volcanoes in the Marshall Islands; the average elevation of the country is 2 meters"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] School for Scoundrels or How to Win Without Actually ... School for Scoundrels or How to Win Without Actually Cheating! [PAR] School for Scoundrels or How to Win Without Actually Cheating! [PAR] (11-Jul-1960) [PAR] Writers: Hal E. Chester; Patricia Moyes [PAR] From novel: School for Scoundrels or How to Win Without Actually Cheating by Stephen Potter [PAR] Requires Flash 7+ and Javascript. [PAR] Bibliographies [PAR] NNDB has added thousands of bibliographies for people, organizations, schools, and general topics, listing more than 50,000 books and 120,000 other kinds of references. They may be accessed by the \"Bibliography\" tab at the top of most pages, or via the \"Related Topics\" box in the sidebar. Please feel free to suggest books that might be critical omissions."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Triton | fountain by Bernini | Britannica.com Triton | fountain by Bernini | Britannica.com [PAR] fountain by Bernini [PAR] THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. [PAR] Learn about this topic in these articles: [PAR] [PAR] in Western sculpture: Early and High Baroque [PAR] ...Charity, Truth, Justice, and Wisdom weep disconsolately while Death, a skeleton, raises the great draperies of polychrome and gold that veil a darkened doorway. Another work, the fountain of the Triton in the Piazza Barberini, Rome, from which all clarity of profile or of shadow, all definiteness of plane, are removed, is also characteristic of Bernini\u2019s style, widely imitated throughout...[DOC] [TLE] Live Cam Rome - Barberini Square - SkylineWebcams Live Cam Rome - Barberini Square [PAR] At last, the construction has been removed at via Veneto. [PAR] 6 months ago [PAR] Kiki [PAR] Thank you Rodney! I might go back to Rome for work and will check out hotel you recommended for our stay. [PAR] 6 months ago [PAR] John [PAR] In september 2014, i met a lady in a cafetaria in Rome near the Via Arcione, that was a beautifull night. I still can't forget her :-( [PAR] 6 months ago [PAR] Rodney Hutton [PAR] I should have said there is more Bernini sculpture and history concentrated in this area than in any place in Rome outside of the Vatican. [PAR] 6 months ago [PAR] Rodney Hutton [PAR] When in Rome, stay at the Hotel Modigliani, which is on via Purification, at the top center of the picture. Read Trip Advisor for descriptions of the hotel. It is convenient to the metro stop at Barberini (top right), the bus going toward Argentina, Campo di Fiori, Church of the Jesu is to the left top side of the picture, and the bus toward Termni and the Borghese is at the lower right of the picture. The hotel is ten minutes from everywhere: The Spanish steps are 5 minutes from the hotel; Trevi is a short 10 minute walk. There is more Bernini sculpture and history concentrated in this area than any other place in Rome. There are many magnificent restaurants nearby. [PAR] 7 months ago [PAR] Thank you Rodney for the information. [PAR] 7 months ago [PAR] Rodney Hutton [PAR] The construction site allows access to the metro. The station and line at Barberini are being modernized. There are no benches because this is no a place where one would sit for long. There is no shade in summer and it is all cobblestone, not a park like setting with grass and trees. Also there is vehicular traffic on all sides, and people on foot are going to their work or whatever. The Fountain of the Bees is not being restored at this time. This piazza is a cultural crossroads with the art museum nearby, the church with Bernini's Ectasy of St. Teresa up the street and Trevi a few meters away. Also up a steep hill is the Quirinale. You can see a little of via Veneto, a beautiful street with high end hotels. [PAR] 7 months ago [PAR] Kiki [PAR] According to my friends who live there, restorers are under huge demand, it's an art unto itself and buildings can take up to 2-3 years to have just the facade work completed. [PAR] 7 months ago [PAR] Kiki [PAR] The construction looks to be around a small and also beautiful fountain by Bernini, Fontana delle Api(Fountain of the bee's). It sits right on that corner. But also on that corner is a Metro entrance."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jasper Carrott - 10538 Overture Jasper Carrott [PAR] Jasper Carrott [PAR] [PAR] Jasper Carrott: [PAR] Jasper Carrott, the stage name of Robert Norman Davis OBE, born 14 March 1945, is an English comedian, actor, television presenter, and personality. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Born in Shaftmoor Lane, Acocks Green (which he said sounded like the address for \"the home of a professional rapist\"), in Birmingham, Carrott was educated at Acocks Green primary school and Moseley School. He worked as a trainee buyer at a city centre department store, the Beehive, with schoolmate Bev Bevan . [PAR] Rise to fame [PAR] This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (April 2010) [PAR] In February 1969 he started his own folk club, \"The Boggery\", in nearby Solihull with his friend Les Ward. Carrott performed folk songs and as an MC. His banter overtook the songs and he became more a comedian than singer. He also worked as a musical agent (with John Starkey, who was his manager from 1974 to 1992), as Fingimigig, managing among others Harvey Andrews. He toured UK rugby clubs. He recorded an album in 1973 called Jasper Carrot \u2013 In the Club, which he sold from his van. The album contained the original \"Magic Roundabout\", although mainly material used in his next three LPs (such as \"Hare Krishna\", \"Car Insurance\", \"Bastity Chelt\", and \"Hava Nagila\") plus the Fred Wedlock song \"The Folker\". [PAR] He had a UK Top 5 chart hit in August 1975 with the novelty record \" Funky Moped \", written by Chris Rohmann and produced by Jeff Lynne . The B-side was a risqu\u00e9 monologue parodying the children's TV series The Magic Roundabout . This was banned by the BBC, which is widely believed to have contributed to its success, which in turn led to his appearance on the BBC's Top of the Pops. [PAR] By the late 1970s, Carrott had developed anecdotal sketches which he still performs 30 years on. Often they purport to be auto-biographical; many celebrate the Birmingham accent and culture, including his support of Birmingham City. [PAR] His live performances were recorded as Jasper Carrott Rabbitts on and on and on... and Carrott in Notts. Notable hits were \"Bastity Chelt\", a song in Spoonerism, \"The Football Match\" describing a visit to Old Trafford, \"The Nutter on the Bus\" including the cry \"Has anybody seen my camel?\"), \"The Mole\" (\"There's only one way to get rid of a mole \u2013 blow its bloody head off!\") and \"Zits\" \u2013 an explanation of American slang for spots that brought the word into use in Britain. [PAR] Birmingham Walk of Stars [PAR] In 1979 he published A Little Zit on the Side, a humorous autobiography. The follow-up, Sweet and Sour Labrador, mixed sections of stand-up routines with similar autobiographical material, much of it related to his world travels. [PAR] Jasper was one a comp\u00e8re for the Birmingham Heart Beat Charity Concert 1986, which featured local bands such as The Electric Light Orchestra and the The Moody Blues , with a finale that included George Harrison from the Beatles. [PAR] On 15 September 2007 he was inducted into the Birmingham Walk of Stars at the Arts Fest 2007 celebrations. The award was presented by the Lord Mayor of Birmingham. Carrott is the second inductee, following Ozzy Osbourne. [PAR] Carrott was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the British Comedy Awards on 6 December 2008. [PAR] His"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Notes on the Troubleshooting and Repair of Video Cassette ... Notes on the Troubleshooting and Repair of Video Cassette Recorders [PAR] Notes on the Troubleshooting and Repair of Video Cassette Recorders [PAR] Version 3.22b (7-Oct-10) [PAR] Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is permitted if both of the following conditions are satisfied: [PAR] This notice is included in its entirety at the beginning. [PAR] There is no charge except to cover the costs of copying. [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is permitted if both of the following conditions are satisfied: [PAR] 1. This notice is included in its entirety at the beginning. [PAR] 2. There is no charge except to cover the costs of copying. [PAR] DISCLAIMER [PAR] Working on VCRs entails a number of personal risks: electrical, mechanical, as well as the possibility of irreversible damage to the equipment and loss of irreplaceable recordings due to improper repair or adjustment. [PAR] We will not be responsible for damage to equipment, your ego, county wide power outages, spontaneously generated mini (or larger) black holes, planetary disruptions, or personal injury or worse that may result from the use of this material. [PAR] Entertainment - then and now [PAR] Think back past 25 years. You went to the theater to see a movie. You watched TV programs when they were broadcast (there was no cable, remember?) or you missed them. TV studios and industry had video recording equipment but it was expensive and cumbersome. Little did you realize at the time, but after some false starts, the modern video revolution was about to be born. Are we better off? Whatever you decide, there is no going back. You may be able to leave your VCR's clock flashing 12:00 but you cannot escape the impact that this technology has had on so many aspects of your life. [PAR] The video cassette recorder is a wonderful example of extremely complex precision technology that has been made affordable through mass production. In general, it is usually quite reliable. Treat a modern VCR with a bit of respect and it will provide trouble free service for a long time. Unlike a TV where the power circuits take their toll on circuit components, the electronics in VCR are generally quite reliable and rarely fail. Most VCR problems are mechanical - dirt and dust in the tape path, deteriorated rubber parts, dried lubrication, wear of precision parts including the spinning video heads, and abuse caused by rocks, toys, and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. [PAR] Scope of this document [PAR] This document was developed specifically for the troubleshooting and repair of VCRs using the VHS format. However, most of it also applies to Beta, 8 mm, 4 mm (DAT), and the industrial U-Matic formats as well. The basic tape related problems found in camcorders are also likely to be similar to those for full size VCRs. However, due to the miniaturization and difficulty in accessing internal parts of these units, troubleshooting and repair are generally much more difficult. [PAR] Note: Links to all the diagrams and photographs referenced from this document can be found in Sam's VCR FAQ Files . [PAR] VCR repair [PAR] Note: for VCR emergencies that just cannot wait, the solution may be found in the document: VCR First Aid and you may not need to read further. VCR First Aid deals with the half dozen or so acute VCR problems that may tempt you to throw something through the window - or worse. [PAR] Even if you are a technoklutz"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ten Tour de France phrases you should know - TravelMole Ten Tour de France phrases you should know [PAR] Published on Thursday, July 18, 2013 [PAR] Ten Tour de France phrases you should know [PAR] [PAR] Thanks to the BBC's Catherine Wyynne some of The Tour de France's most important French phrases have been translated. [PAR] So if you can tear your eyes away from the scenery, here are a few phrases that will impress your friends when discussing Le Tour around the dining table. [PAR] 1. Peloton [PAR] Peloton refers to the main group of cyclists riding together during a stage. Literally translated as \"little ball\", the term was first used to refer to a small group of soldiers, who, like cyclists, travel in tight formation. [PAR] The word \"platoon\" is thought to be a variation of peloton. [PAR] Cyclists travel together in packs for protection - mostly from the wind, as a rider uses about a third less energy by riding in another's slipstream. [PAR] 2. Domestique [PAR] Riders win the tour as individuals, but they would not be able to do it without their teammates. This year's Tour started with 22 teams of nine riders. Each has a designated leader - the VIP of the team - who is looked after by riders known as domestiques. [PAR] They are the foot soldiers of this small, travelling army. A domestique will turn up the pace to try to weaken rivals or defend his leader from attack. [PAR] He will also be expected to fetch food and clothing from the team car - and give up his bike if his leader has a mechanical problem. [PAR] Overall, the main aim is to save the leader as much energy as possible for the crucial moments of the race. [PAR] 3. Hors categorie [PAR] Those crucial moments often take place on steep mountain roads. This is where many Tours are won and lost. [PAR] Each mountain climb is ranked according to difficulty from four to one - but the most punishing are given the label \"hors categorie\", or beyond categorisation. [PAR] Tour legend has it that the numbers originally referred to the gear that a car would have to be in to go up it. HC climbs, it is said, were either impassable by car or would even have to be tackled in reverse gear. Nice story, if true. [PAR] 4. Flamme rouge [PAR] A welcome sight to all riders, the flamme rouge is a red flag which indicates there is 1km to go in that day's stage. It hangs from an inflatable arch over the road. [PAR] Maillot jaune: The overall leader of the race, the one who has ridden it in the least amount of time, wears the yellow jersey [PAR] Maillot blanc: The white jersey is worn by the best-placed rider under 26 years of age [PAR] Maillot a pois: The polka dot jersey is worn by the King of the Mountains, the rider who has performed best on the mountain stages [PAR] Maillot vert: The green jersey is given to the rider who has picked up the most points during the Tour. Points are awarded for winning stages and being the first to reach various points along the route. It rewards consistently good finishers and is often won by sprinters. [PAR] 5. Lanterne rouge [PAR] The lanterne rouge is the name given to the rider who finishes the Tour in the longest time. Last year's last man, Frenchman Jimmy Engoulvent, rode the 3,494.4km course almost four hours slower than the winner, Bradley Wiggins. [PAR] Due"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Field Marshal The 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, KG Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850 - 1916) - Genealogy [PAR] Horatio Herbert Kitchener [PAR] in Off the Orkney Islands. [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Drowned when his ship HMS Hampshire hit a German mine. [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] View Complete Profile [PAR] Historical records matching Field Marshal The 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, KG [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... circumstances un- der which the Hampshire was sunk. Sketch of Kitchener. Horatio Herbert Kitchener was Eng- land's foremost soldier, tak... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...Indicate circumstances\" under which Hampshire was sunk. Horatio Herbert Kitchener was jEnglands foremost soldier, taking that distinc... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, USA [PAR] Date: [PAR] Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922 [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...Kitchener was England's foremost soldier, taking that distinction when Lord Roberts. Tattle Bolts, died. He was born at Crotter House... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 24 1850 - Ballylongford, County Kerry, Ireland [PAR] Death: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... profesion, and won distinction In ;i. lieutenant-Colonel Henry Horatio Kitchener died in 1894, in Ils 1SSth year. On hiis ... 250 Senega... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 8 1916 - Launceston, Tasmania, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...Kitchener of Khartoum. HIS LIFE AND WORK. Vicount Horatio Herbert Kitchener, British Feld-Marshal, whose death the nation now mourns,... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 10 1916 - Camperdown, Victoria, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] Australian Newspapers [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...as if' General Joffre had been killed. EARL KITCHENER OF KHARTOUM/ ,. Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 'born at Crotter House, Ballyl\u00f3ngfor... [PAR] Publication: [PAR] June 7 1916 - Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia [PAR] Page: [PAR] June 5 1916 - HMS Hampshire [PAR] Residence: [PAR] June 24 1850 - Ballylongford, Co. Kerry, Ireland [PAR] Death: [PAR] June 5 1916 - Onboard HMS Hampshire off the Orkney Islands. [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Henry Horatio Kitchener, Ann Frances Kitchener [PAR] Siblings: [PAR] ...ces Emily Jane Parker (born Kitchener), Arthur Buck Kitchener, Frederick Walter Kitchener, Letitia Henrietta Emma Kawara Kitchener, <P... [PAR] brother [PAR] About Field Marshal The 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, KG [PAR] Why is Kitchener an Ambassador of Darkness ? He killed 27000 woman and children in his concentration camps during the Anglo Boer war.Read Emily Hobhouse's account of these atrocities below. [PAR] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener [PAR] Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850 \u2013 5 June 1916), was an Irish-born British Field Marshal and proconsul who won fame for his imperial campaigns and later played a central role in the early part of the First World War, although he died halfway through it. [PAR] Kitchener won fame in 1898 for winning the Battle of Omdurman and securing control of the Sudan, after which he was given the title \"Lord Kitchener of Khartoum\"; as Chief of Staff (1900\u201302) in the Second Boer War he played a key role in Lord Roberts' conquest of the Boer Republics, then succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief \u2013 by which time Boer forces had taken to guerrilla fighting and British forces imprisoned Boer civilians in concentration camps. His term as Commander-in-Chief (1902\u201309) of the Army in India saw him quarrel with another eminent proconsul, the Viceroy Lord Curzon, who eventually resigned. Kitchener then returned to Egypt as British Agent and Consul-General (de facto administrator). [PAR] In 1914, at the start of the First World War, Lord Kitchener became Secretary of State for War, a Cabinet Minister. One of the few men to foresee a long war, one"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Hurdle Events Rules - Track and Field Olympic Hurdle Events Rules - Track and Field [PAR] By Mike Rosenbaum [PAR] Updated October 12, 2016. [PAR] Both men and women run a 400-meter hurdle event. Men also run a 110-meter race while women run a 100-meter event. The rules for all hurdle events are the same, but the hurdles themselves are different for each event. [PAR] Hurdling Equipment [PAR] All Olympic hurdle races include 10 hurdles. In the 110 meter event for men, the hurdles measure 1.067 meters high -- about 40 inches. The first hurdle is set 13.72 meters from the starting line. There are 9.14 meters between hurdles and 14.02 meters from the final hurdle to the finish line. [PAR] In the women's 100, the hurdles measure .84 meters high. The first hurdle is set 13 meters from the starting line. There are 8.5 meters between hurdles and 10.5 meters from the final hurdle to the finish line. [PAR] In the 400 men\u2019s race the hurdles are .914 meters high. The first hurdle is set 45 meters from the starting line. There are 35 meters between hurdles and 40 meters from the final hurdle to the finish line. [PAR] The hurdle setup in the 400 meter women\u2019s race is the same as the men\u2019s 400, except the hurdles are .762 meters high. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Understanding Baseball [PAR] Hurdling Competition [PAR] All hurdle events include eight runners in the final. Depending on the number of entries, each event includes two or three preliminary rounds before the final. In 2004, the 110-meter event included one round of preliminary heats followed by quarterfinal and semifinal rounds prior to the final. The 100 and 400 both included a round of preliminary heats followed by a semifinal and then the final. [PAR] The Start [PAR] Runners in all hurdle events begin in starting blocks. [PAR] In all events other than the 400-meter hurdles, the runners line up on a single start line. [PAR] In the 400, which necessarily involves rounding one curve, the runners start positions are staggered. The rationale for this is that staggering the start allows the runners to stay in separate lanes, a clear necessity for a hurdle event. If the start wasn't staggered and there were a single un-staggered finish line, the runner in the innermost lane would have the greatest distance advantage, and runners on the outer lines would be disadvantaged, with the runner on the outmost line having the greatest distance to travel -- in effect, creating an event where each runner would need to complete a distance different from all others. [PAR] The starter announces, \u201cOn your marks,\u201d and then, \u201cSet.\u201d At the \u201cset\u201d command runners must have both hands and at least one knee touching the ground and both feet in the starting blocks. Their hands must be behind the start line. The race begins with the opening gun. [PAR] Prior to the 2016 Olympics, runners were permitted one false start and were disqualified only after a second false start. In 2016, a much-criticized rule change, which has been called \"the cruelest rule in all of sports,\" calls for sprinters and hurdlers to be disqualified with the first false start. [PAR] The Hurdle Race [PAR] The 100- and 110-meter races are run on straightaways. Runners must remain in their lanes during all hurdle races. As in all races, the event ends when a runner\u2019s torso (not the head, arm or leg) crosses the finish line . [PAR] Runners are not disqualified for knocking a hurdle over, unless it\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project [PAR] Historical Country Names [PAR] keywords: geography, historical country names, former country names, history, place name changes, historical maps [PAR] List of formerly used country names and names of countries which have ceased to exist. [PAR] Name changes of countries, dependencies, geographical and other regions of particular geopolitical interest. [PAR] [PAR] Today [PAR] Abyssinia [PAR] The Ethiopian Empire spans a geographical area of today Ethiopia, Eritrea , and Djibouti ,and included parts of Northern Somalia , Southern Egypt , Eastern Sudan , Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia . Abyssinia was an empire that existed for more than 800 years, from circa 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1974 when the Ethiopian monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Afars and Issas Territory [PAR] formerly known as French Somaliland, the French colony was renamed to the French Territory of Afars and Issas (1967 - 1977),the territory became independent in 1977, known today as Djibouti. [PAR] formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as the Kingdom of Lesotho. [PAR] [PAR] formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as Republic of Botswana. [PAR] [PAR] Democratic Republic of the Congo [PAR] Benadir [PAR] a coastal region of Somalia; covering most of the Indian Ocean coast of the country, from the Gulf of Aden to the Juba River, formerly part of Italian Somaliland. [PAR] [PAR] Biafra, Republic of (named after the Bight of Biafra) today part of [PAR] [PAR] Bophuthatswana - nominal republic and homeland for Tswana-speaking people, 1949 reincorporated into [PAR] [PAR] British Bechuanaland (region) incorporated into the Cape Colony (1895) [PAR] [PAR] British East Africa or East Africa Protectorate [PAR] British protectorate from 1890 until 1920 [PAR] [PAR] Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , and parts of Somalia (Jubaland) [PAR] Cape Colony, 1795-1797 British colony, 1803-1806 colony of the Batavian Republic (Netherlands), since 1910 part of [PAR] [PAR] Central African Republic [PAR] Kenya Colony [PAR] The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony in 1920. [PAR] [PAR] Ciskei (Republic of Ciskei)- homeland for Xhosa-speaking people, 1994 reincorporated into [PAR] [PAR] Dahomey ; (the Republic of Dahomey; in French: R\u00e9publique du Dahomey), was a former French colony andpart of French West Africa until independence in 1960, in 1975 the Republic of Dahomeychanged its name in Benin. [PAR] Dan Ho Me was an ancient Kingdom located in the south of today Benin. [PAR] [PAR] French Guinea was a French protectorate in West Africa, after independence from France in 1958 it became today [PAR] [PAR] Mali [PAR] French West Africa [PAR] was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia and Niger, French Sudan , French Guinea , C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Upper Volta and Dahomey . [PAR] [PAR] Mauritania , The Gambia , Senegal , Niger , Mali , Guinea , C\u00f4te d'Ivoire , Burkina Faso and Benin. [PAR] German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika) [PAR] a German colony from 1885 until 1919 which included Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika (the mainland part of present Tanzania), an area almost three times the size of Germany today. German East Africa colony ended with the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I. With the Treaty of Versailles the territory was divided between Britain (Tanganyika.), Belgium (Ruanda-Urundi), and Portugal (to become part of Mozambique). [PAR] [PAR] Hausaland, consisted of seven independent city-states: Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria. [PAR] [PAR] Italian East Africa"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bolt, Screw, Strap & Pintle Hinges | HardwareSource.com Bolt, Screw, Strap & Pintle Hinges | HardwareSource.com [PAR] Bolt, Screw, Strap & Pintle Hinges [PAR] Over 80 different bolt, screw, strap and pintle hinges are found in this section. [PAR] Pintle hinges have a vertical pintle which acts as the pivot point of the hinge. [PAR] Pintle hinges can be installed so that the gate may be lifted off of the post after installation. [PAR] This is a very heavy duty hinge specially made for heavy gates and doors. [PAR] This hinge will swing a full 180 degrees if installed without a stop. [PAR] Hinge is made up of a mounting plate (flange) and J-Bolt arm. [PAR] Hinge pivots on a steel ball bearing and includes a grease fitting to keep the bearing lubricated. [PAR] Mounts with 3/8\" lag screws or bolts (not included). [PAR] The minimum gap between the post and edge of gate frame is 2-1/2\" for SKU 783000 and 3-1/8\" for SKU 783002. [PAR] The maximum spread between the two nuts on the threaded part is 2-3/4\" for 783000 and 4-1/4\" for 783002. [PAR] The thread size on our SKU 783000 is 5/8 x 11. The thread size on our SKU 783002 is 3/4 x 10. [PAR] Screw hole center to center measurement for SKU 783000 is 5-1/8\". [PAR] Screw hole center to center measurement for SKU 783002 is 6\" [PAR] Weight rating is for 2 hinges. [PAR] Finishes: [PAR] Hinge is made for gates with a curved or arched top. [PAR] Made for gates where the surface of the gate is flush with the post. [PAR] This is a pintle style hinge. Gate straps fit over vertical pintles that are installed on the gate post. [PAR] Made from steel and black coated. [PAR] Fasteners are included. [PAR] Top Hinge is approximately 11.5\" wide by 8.5\" tall. [PAR] Each Pintle plate is approximately 5-3/8\" tall by 1.5\" wide, plate projection is 1-7/16\". [PAR] Bottom Hinge is approximately 5-3/8\" tall by 7-3/4\" wide. [PAR] This hinge is sold by the set. A set includes a top hinge and a bottom hinge (as shown in the image).A set is what is needed to hang one gate. [PAR] IMPORTANT: These hinges are handed (left hand or right hand). [PAR] The hinge shown in the image above is a Right Hand set (SKU 215539). [PAR] To view an image of the Left Hand set (SKU 215537) click on link below. [PAR] Black Bolt & Strap Pintle Hinge [PAR] Available in 3 sizes [PAR] Heart style strap hinge with a pintle end [PAR] Pintle end fastens to wood or masonry (with masonry anchor not included) [PAR] Comes complete with black square head wood screws [PAR] This hinge can be used on a gate weighing up to 175lbs (per pair of hinges). [PAR] Pintle style mounting allows gate to be removed by lifting off pintle [PAR] With \"pintle style mounting\" your gate can be installed so it can swing both ways (in and out) or it can be installed so that it opens only one way (either in or out). [PAR] Normal installation requires two hinges per gate [PAR] \"Hook Size\" refers to the dimensions of the threaded portion. [PAR] Finishes: [PAR] Pintle Type Strap Hinges with Carriage Bolts- [PAR] Heart style strap hinge with a pintle end that fastens to wood or masonry (with masonry anchor, not included) [PAR] This strap hinge is for heavy duty use. It can be used on a gate weighing up to 250lbs (per pair of hinges). Comes complete with 3 black carriage bolts (plus nuts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Milwaukee Depth | deepest point, Atlantic Ocean ... Milwaukee Depth | deepest point, Atlantic Ocean | Britannica.com [PAR] Milwaukee Depth [PAR] Cayman Trench [PAR] Milwaukee Depth, deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean , lying at a depth of 27,493 feet (8,380 m) about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the island of Puerto Rico . It lies within a submarine depression called the Puerto Rico Trench , located at the southern edge of the North American Basin, between the Puerto Rico Ridge (north) and the North Antillean Arc (south); it is about 7,000 feet (2,100 m) deeper than the adjoining basin floors. The Milwaukee Depth is named after the first ship that sounded it. Its bottom is covered with mud, sand, rock, and shells. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Atlantic Ocean [PAR] body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth\u2019s surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. The ocean\u2019s name, derived from Greek mythology, means the \u201cSea of Atlas.\u201d It is second... [PAR] Puerto Rico Trench [PAR] submarine depression in the North Atlantic Ocean, roughly parallel to the northern coast of the island of Puerto Rico and lying about 75 miles (120 km) to the north. The Puerto Rico Trench is about 1,090 miles (1,750 km) long and 60 miles (100 km) wide. The deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, the... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: July 20, 1998 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Milwaukee-Depth [PAR] Access Date: January 09, 2017 [PAR] Share"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Death of King John - Medieval manuscripts blog The Death of King John - Medieval manuscripts blog [PAR] Medieval manuscripts blog [PAR] 18 October 2014 [PAR] The Death of King John [PAR] King John of England (1199\u20131216), of Magna Carta fame, was by all accounts a particularly unpleasant ruler. The charges levelled against him, many of them during his own lifetime, included the murder of his nephew, the sexual predation of the wives and daughters of his nobles, and the starving to death of the wife and children of one of his former companions. So unpopular was John that his barons finally rose up in rebellion against his arbitrary rule, and against the severe punishments often inflicted upon them, until they eventually forced the king to grant them the Charter of Liberties, also known as Magna Carta, at Runnymede on 15 June 1215. Few can have lamented King John's eventual demise at Newark Castle \u2014 most probably following an attack of dysentery \u2014in October 1216. Writing some 40 years later, Matthew Paris (d. 1259), monk and historian of St Albans Abbey, delivered the ultimate condemnation: 'Foul as it is, Hell itself is made fouler by the presence of John'. [PAR] King John in happier times, hunting on horseback according to this illustration in a 14th-century manuscript (London, British Library, Cotton MS Claudius D II, f. 116r). [PAR] Today may, or may not, be the anniversary of King John's death. The medieval chroniclers could not reach consensus on the exact date that John died. Matthew Paris and his St Albans' predecessor, Roger of Wendover (d. 1236), plumped for 17 October. Ralph (d. 1226), abbot of the Cistercian monastery at Coggeshall (Essex), stated instead that King John had succumbed to his illness on 18 October. A number of monastic chroniclers, writing at Tewkesbury, Winchester, Worcester and elsewhere, favoured 19 October as the day in question. Of these various witnesses, we should perhaps give greatest credence to the anonymous chroniclers writing at Waverley Abbey (Surrey) and Southwark Priory (Surrey), both of whom asserted that the death of King John took place on 19 October. The manuscripts of these two chronicles (Waverley, British Library Cotton MS Vespasian A XVI; Southwark, British Library Cotton MS Faustina A VIII) were both being written in the year 1216, as evidenced by their numerous changes of scribe at this period. The same is also true, however, of Ralph of Coggeshall's Chronicon Anglicanum (the autograph manuscript of which is British Library Cotton MS Vespasian D X). Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, in contrast, were writing many years after the events being described, and so their testimony \u2014 albeit possibly derived from an authentic St Albans tradition \u2014 is more open to question. [PAR] Is this how King John met his fate? As early as the 13th century, it was alleged that he had been poisoned by a monk of Swineshead Abbey (Lincolnshire), seen here offering him a poisoned chalice (London, British Library, Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII, f. 5v). [PAR] Earlier in his reign, King John had determined that he should be buried at the Cistercian abbey he had founded at Beaulieu (Hampshire). In October 1216, Beaulieu lay in that part of England which was held by the rebel barons; and so John asked instead that he be buried at Worcester Cathedral, where his tomb can still be seen . In fact, the tomb was opened in 1797, in order to confirm whether it did contain John's body, and certain of the remains removed, which are also on view in Worcester. Mr Sandford, a local"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gangs of New York (2002) - News - IMDb Gangs of New York (2002) - News [PAR] NEWS [PAR] 14 hours ago | Variety - Film News | See recent Variety - Film News news \u00bb [PAR] The American Cinema Editors organization has announced that veteran cutters Janet Ashikaga and Thelma Schoonmaker will be honored with Career Achievement awards at the 67th annual Ace Eddie Awards later this month. [PAR] Ashikaga has won four Emmys throughout her career for work on multi-camera series like \u201c Seinfeld \u201d and \u201cSports Night.\u201d She has been Ace-nominated seven times, for those series as well as \u201c The West Wing \u201d and \u201c My Name is Earl .\u201d [PAR] Schoonmaker, meanwhile, has been tied to filmmaker Martin Scorsese for most of her career, winning Oscars for \u201c Raging Bull ,\u201d \u201c The Aviator \u201d and \u201c The Departed .\u201d She won Ace awards for those three films as well as \u201c Gangs of New York ,\u201d and was nominated by the organization four times besides. [PAR] Schoonmaker and Scorsese\u2019s latest collaboration, \u201c Silence ,\u201d is currently in theaters. [PAR] \u201c Janet Ashikaga and Thelma Schoonmaker have helped create some of the most iconic films and television programs in entertainment,\u201d the Ace \u00bb [PAR] - Kristopher Tapley [PAR] Martin Scorsese and Andrew Garfield on the set of \u2018 Silence \u2019 (Courtesy: Paramount Pictures) [PAR] By: Carson Blackwelder [PAR] Managing Editor [PAR] Martin Scorsese has been a force at the Oscars for decades now with nine films earning some sort of recognition by the Academy but his latest showing, Silence , is looking to be completely glanced over. There much evidence pointing to this happening \u2014 lack of precursor nominations, opening weekend box office numbers, domestic box office performance thus far, and critical evaluations. Let\u2019s take a deep dive into these aspects and see if there\u2019s any saving grace for Silence this awards season. [PAR] At this point, with the Academy currently voting for the Oscar nominations, signs are pointing to Silence getting completely get shut out. The Hollywood Reporter\u2019s Scott Feinberg list the film as a frontrunner in any category \u2014 including the categories Scorsese\u2019s films have been nominated in before. Those are best picture, \u00bb [PAR] - Carson Blackwelder [PAR] 12 January 2017 1:49 PM, PST | MUBI | See recent MUBI news \u00bb [PAR] \u201cAbout three in the afternoon, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, \u2018Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani (which means, \u2018My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?\u2019)\u201d\u2014Matthew 27:46Rodrigues ( Andrew Garfield ), a Jesuit priest ministering in a 17th century Japan hostile to Christians, craves the sound of this voice, pining for a confirmation of his convictions: something\u2014anything\u2014to demonstrate that God, too, has not forsaken him. Accompanied by Garrpe ( Adam Driver ), a fellow priest, he enters Japan looking for his former mentor, Father Ferreira ( Liam Neeson ), who according to rumor apostatized at the hands of the Japanese authorities. Because the Japanese closed off their borders to \u201cChristian\u201d nations like England, Portugal and Spain, Garrpe and Rodrigues travel illegally from Macao to Japan, led by an enigmatic drunkard, Kichijiro ( Y\u00f4suke Kubozuka ). Shortly after their arrival, the priests bear witness to excruciating acts of torture perpetrated against the local Japanese Christians. \u00bb [PAR] 12 January 2017 1:27 PM, PST | The Hollywood News | See recent The Hollywood News news \u00bb [PAR] Manchester by the Sea is writer/director Kenneth Lonergan \u2019s first film in five years \u2013 since the universally critically acclaimed Margaret \u2013 and he\u2019s getting used to people asking him why"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Whipsnade Zoo, England - lovetoescape Whipsnade Zoo | Zoo, Animal Centre or Park in Bedfordshire, England [PAR] England [PAR] Opening Hours: [PAR] Opening times Dates Opening Closing Until 12th Sept 2009 10.00 18.00 (19.00 on Sundays and Bank Holidays) From 13th Sept 2009 until 10th Oct 2009 10.00 18.00 From 11th Oct 2009 until 24th Oct 2009 10.00 17.00 From 25th Oct 2009 until Feb 2010 10.00 16.00 ZSL Whipsnade Zoo is open every day of the year except Christmas Day. Last admission is one hour before advertised closing time. Children under 16 will not be admitted without an adult [PAR] Whipsnade Zoo [PAR] Zoo, Animal Centre or Park in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England [PAR] Whipsnade Zoo is a great family attraction full of fun, excitment and plenty of wild and interesting animals. [PAR] Whipsnade Zoo is situated on the Chiltern Hills, it is an amazing 600 acre conservation area making it one of the largest wildlife conservation parks in Europe. There are a staggering variety of different and interesting animals to be seen ranging from African lions, to Asian elphants to Humboldt penguins. [PAR] Pack your kit bag and get on your boots and see if you\u2019re big enough to find the big 5 at zsl whipsnade Zoo. [PAR] At Whipsnade zoo you will see some of the biggest and best stars of the animal kingdom - lions, giraffes, elephants, bears and rhinos. [PAR] Conservation [PAR] zsl whipsnade Zoo runs conservation programmes in Britain and over 80 countries worldwide. [PAR] The conservation of wild animals and their natural habitats is fundamental to our mission. We work with local communities to conserve their environment and promote sustainability. [PAR] Keeper for a Day [PAR] This amazing Keeper for a Day experience gives you a once in a lifetime opportunity to get up close and personal with some of Whipsnade's most popular animals, and also offers a unique insight into the day-to-day life of our keepers and their charges. [PAR] Budding keepers can try their hand at tasks such as feeding the giraffes, mucking out rhino, cleaning the penguin pool and going behind the scenes at the big cats, all of which makes a day to remember for any animal lover! [PAR] Adopt and Animal [PAR] at Whipsnade Zoo we know that love is in the hair, so why not treat your family and friends by giving them something \u2018especially fur you\u2019 and adopting an animal. [PAR] Find out more about your favourite animals by getting an exclusive behind the scenes look, come visit them at the zoo and get regular emails telling you what they have been up to. It\u2019s like owning a zoo, but with none of the poo! [PAR] Best of all, this is the ideal gift for animal lovers, as your money supports our important conservation work around the world."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Allman Brothers Band Fillmore East New ... - Concert Vault The Allman Brothers Band Fillmore East New York, NY Jun 27, 1971 [PAR] Merchandise [PAR] Liner Notes [PAR] Gregg Allman - organ, vocals; Duane Allman - guitar, vocals; Dickey Betts - guitar, vocals; Berry Oakley - bass, vocals; Butch Trucks - drums; Jai Johanson - drums [PAR] What can be said about this legendary Allman Brothers Band set that hasn't been said before? Not much, but for the sake of those unfamiliar with this particular show, here they are, the original lineup, performing the last set ever to be played at the venerable Fillmore East. [PAR] Country influences were not yet prominent in the group's sound, but their unique blend of rock, blues and jazz was reaching stratospheric regions by this point. Duane Allman and Dickey Betts' telepathic lead guitar playing combined with Berry Oakley's incredibly inventive, melodic bass to achieve a pure, improvisational genius, equal to the likes of the greatest jazz performers. Add Gregg Allman's bluesy organ, authentic gritty vocals and the dynamic, propulsive drumming duo of Johanson and Trucks, and you have one of the most innovative and captivating bands to ever play the Fillmore. [PAR] After the classic Bill Graham introduction, the group warms up with \"Statesboro Blues.\" After three more, relatively short bluesy numbers - all of which are played wonderfully - they get down to serious business on \"In Memory Of Elizabeth Reed.\" Here, the band takes flight, soaring upward with Betts' and Allman's inspired guitar playing, riffs vacillating from beautiful to furious. This is also a testament to Berry Oakley's bass playing as an integral melodic factor to the band's overall sound. [PAR] Following a straightforward, concise rendition of \"Midnight Rider,\" the band takes flight again on the fierce, propulsive instrumental \"Hot 'Lanta.\" Next up is the ever popular \"Whipping Post,\" here stretched out to almost twenty minutes of epic jamming that never loses interest as Duane Allman explores the farthest reaches of possibility on slide guitar. With the band's allotted time having just run out, Bill Graham returns to the stage to say thanks and goodbye to the Fillmore East audience. The band, still hungry to play, begins the classic riff that launches \"You Don't Love Me,\" and before you know it, are off on another epic jam that would go down in history as the last song ever played at the Fillmore East. [PAR] Of course nobody knew it at the time, but Duane Allman had less than 100 days left to live after this performance. He would be killed in a motorcycle accident on October 29, 1971 in Macon, Georgia, when his bike collided with a truck. Approximately a year after that tragic loss, Berry Oakley died in another motorcycle accident, only three blocks away from the site of Allman's fatal accident, on November 11, 1972. [PAR] More[DOC] [TLE] 45 Years Ago: Legendary Concert Venue the Fillmore East Closes 45 Years Ago: Legendary Concert Venue the Fillmore East Closes [PAR] 45 Years Ago: Legendary Concert Venue the Fillmore East Closes [PAR] By Frank Mastropolo June 27, 2016 9:31 AM [PAR] Subscribe to Ultimate Classic Rock on [PAR] Opened on March 8, 1968, Bill Graham\u2019s Fillmore East hosted rock royalty that included Jimi Hendrix , Janis Joplin , Eric Clapton , the Byrds , Led Zeppelin and the Grateful Dead . Joe Cocker and the Allman Brothers Band recorded groundbreaking albums from its stage. But Graham, tired of the direction taken by the concert industry, closed the hall after an epic weekend that ended June 27, 1971. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] King Edward VI (1537-1553) [England Under The Tudors] King Edward VI (1537-1553) [England Under The Tudors] [PAR] Search [PAR] [PAR] EDWARD VI, King of England and Ireland, born at Greenwich on the 12th of October 1537, was the only child of Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour , who died of puerperal fever twelve days later. The story that the mother's life was deliberately sacrificed by the performance of Caesarean section is unfounded, although Jane's death was little noticed amid the rejoicings which greeted the advent of a male heir to the throne. But in spite of Holbein's vivacious portrait of Edward at the age of two (now at Hanover), he was a frail child, and a short life was anticipated for him from his early years. This did not prevent a strenuous education; until the age of six he was naturally left in the charge of women, but when he was only seven his tutor Dr Coxe, afterwards bishop of Ely, writes that he could decline any Latin noun and conjugate any regular verb (L. and P., 1544, ii. 726); \"every day in the mass-time he readeth a portion of Solomon's Proverbs, wherein he delighteth much.\" Sir John Cheke , Sir Anthony Cooke and Roger Ascham all helped to teach him Latin, Greek and French; and by the age of thirteen he had read Aristotle's Ethics in the original and was himself translating Cicero's De philosophia into Greek. [PAR] Edward was Duke of Cornwall from his birth, but he was never prince of Wales, and he was only nine when he succeeded his father as king of England and Ireland and supreme head of the English church (28th of January 1546/7). His nonage threw power into the hands of Somerset and then of Northumberland , and enabled Gardiner and Bonner to maintain that the royal supremacy over the church was, or should be, in abeyance. Projects for his marriage were hardly even the occasion, but only the excuse, for Somerset's war on Scotland and Northumberland's subsequent alliance with France. [PAR] All factions sought to control his person, not because of his personality but because of his position; he was like the Great Seal, only more so, an indispensable adjunct to the wielder of authority. The Protector 's brother [Edward's uncle, Thomas Seymour ] tried to bribe him with pocket-money; Northumberland was more subtle and established a complete dominion over his mind, and then put him forward at the age of fourteen as entitled to all the power of Henry VIII. But he was only Northumberland's mask; of his individual influence on the course of history during his reign there is hardly a trace. A posthumous effort was made to give him the credit of a humane desire to save Joan Bocher from the flames; but he recorded with apparently cold-blooded indifference the execution of both his uncles, and he certainly made no attempt to mitigate the harassing attentions which the council paid his sister Mary . This passed for piety with the zealots, and the persecutions of Mary's reign reflected a halo on that of the Protestant Josiah. So strong was the regret that rumours of his survival persisted, and hare-brained youths were found to personate him throughout Mary's and even far into Elizabeth 's reign. [PAR] It was well that they were false, for Edward showed signs of all the Tudor obstinacy, and he was a fanatic into the bargain, as no other Tudor was except Mary. The combination would probably have involved England in disasters far greater than any that ensued upon his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Animals in Paraguay - List of countries of the world Animals in Paraguay [PAR] Animals in Paraguay [PAR] Paraguay is located in South America near the Paraguay River. This country is home to grassy plains and wooded forests. In the eastern portion of the country, there are numerous low, marshy plains. Paraguay is home to many species of animals, some that are unique to this Southern America country. [PAR] There are many different species of animals in Paraguay. They include the [PAR] pampas deer , [PAR] marsh deer , water opossum, and many types of armadillos. [PAR] Wild boars also roam the forested areas of Paraguay. The many rivers located in Paraguay are home to freshwater fish, such as the Redflank Bloodfin . The Redflank Bloodfin is a fish that is unique to Paraguay. It is a tetra fish that grows to a length of two inches and lives an average of four years. The rivers and swampy areas of Paraguay are home to [PAR] jaguars . These animals are solitary creatures that hunt deer, fox, tapirs, armadillos, and anacondas. [PAR] If a person is travelling to Paraguay, he or she can expect to see many multicolored birds. These species of birds include toucans, parrots, parakeets, and herons. This country has an ideal variety of habits for these birds to survive. The city of Asuncion is located by the Paraguay River and borders other climates of the area, such as the humid forests and the palm groves. Because of the variety of climates in Asuncion, there have been over 300 varieties of birds identified in Asuncion, Paraguay. [PAR] One unique bird in Paraguay is the Black- Footed Seriema bird. This bird lives in the open plains of Paraguay and can get to be 31 inches long. This bird is unique because when faced with danger, it will run away rather than fly. The Black- Footed Seriema bird is related to a type of pterodactyl that grew to ten feet tall. [PAR] The South American city of Paraguay is home to many different habitats, such as rivers, grassy plains, and forests. Due to the varied habitats, there are many species of animals that make their homes in Paraguay. Some of these animals are native only to Paraguay while others are also native to other countries. [PAR] Marsh deer Chacoan peccary Red brocket Guanaco Brazilian dwarf brocket Pampas deer Collared peccary White-lipped peccary [PAR] Carnivores in Paraguay [PAR] Azara's fox Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk Giant brazilian otter Cougar Bush dog Eyra cat Common fox Chilean pampa cat Geoffroy's cat Lesser grison Maned wolf South american coati Crab-eating raccoon Jaguar Ocelot Margay La plata otter [PAR] Bats in Paraguay [PAR] Pallas's mastiff bat Common vampire bat Fringed fruit-eating bat Big crested mastiff bat Jamaican fruit-eating bat Great fruit-eating bat Brown mastiff bat Flat-faced fruit-eating bat Silver-tipped myotis Brazilian brown bat Black myotis Diminutive serotine Riparian myotis Argentine brown bat Ipanema bat Red myotis Big brown bat Dwarf bonneted bat Velvety myotis Big bonneted bat Lesser bulldog bat Wagner's bonneted bat Greater bulldog bat Western bonneted bat Peale's free-tailed bat Little yellow-shouldered bat Broad-eared bat Brazilian free-tailed bat Big free-tailed bat Pallas's long-tongued bat Seba's short-tailed bat Tropical big-eared brown bat Greater round-eared bat Little yellow-eared bat Big-eared wooly bat Hawaiian hoary bat Southern yellow bat Lesser dog-like bat Pale spear-nosed bat Greater spear-nosed bat Long-legged bat White-lined bat Dwarf dog-faced bat Little big-eared bat Black mastiff bat [PAR] American marsupials in Paraguay [PAR] Black howler monkey [PAR] Rodents in Paraguay [PAR] Long-tailed spiny rat Chacoan mara Nutria Brazilian false rice rat Hairy-tailed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AEOLUS (Aiolos) - Greek God King of the Winds AEOLUS (Aiolos) - Greek God King of the Winds [PAR] Translation [PAR] Fast Shifting, Sparkling (aiolos) [PAR] AIOLOS (Aeolus) was the divine keeper of the winds and king of the mythical, floating island of Aiolia (Aeolia). He kept the violent Storm-Winds locked safely away inside the cavernous interior of his isle, releasing them only at the command of greatest gods to wreak devastation upon the world. [PAR] The hero Odysseus once visited Aiolos' isle and was entrusted with a bag containing all of the Storm-Winds to ensure a safe voyage home. However, during the trip, the hero's greedy companions opened the bag in a search for gold and the escaping winds carried their ship all the way back to Aiolos' shore. [PAR] The Winds were often conceived of as horse-shaped gods or spirits, and as such Aiolos was titled Hippotades, \"the reiner of horses,\" from the Greek words hippos (\"horse\") and tad\u00ean (\"reined in tightly\"). [PAR] Homer's wind-god Aiolos bears many similarities to Hesiod's Ouranos (Uranus)--both are described as having six sons and daughers joined in wedlock, and both kept a group of storm-spirits locked behind a threshold of bronze. In the case of Ouranos, the twelve children were the Titan-gods, and the storm-gods were the Hekatonkheires (Hecatoncheires) and Kyklopes (Cyclopes) in Tartaros. [PAR] Aiolos also resembles Astraios (Astraeus), Hesiod's father of the winds and stars. Stesichorus seems to confirm this connection when he describes Aiolos Hippotades as the cousin of Iris Thaumantias (\"the wondrous rainbow\") for Astraios was a son of Eurybia and Iris a daughter of Eurybia's brother Thaumas. [PAR] It should also be noted that the Greek words aiolos (\"glittering\"), aiolokhros (\"spangled\"), and astraios (\"starry\") were all adjectives applied to the starry night-sky (ouranos). [PAR] FAMILY OF AEOLUS [PAR] PARENTS [PAR] [1.1] HIPPOTES (Homer Odyssey 10., Stesichorus Frag 222B, Quintus Smyrnaeus 14.467, Ovid Metamorphoses 14.223, Diodorus Siculus 5.7.5) [PAR] [1.2] HIPPOTES & MELANIPPE (Diodorus Siculus 4.67.3) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.1] 6 SONS & 6 DAUGHTERS (Homer Odyssey 10.4, Quintus Smyrnaeus 14.467) [PAR] [1.2] IOKASTOS (Callimachus Frag 202) [PAR] [1.3] POLYMELA, DIORES (Philetas Hermes Frag, Parthenius Love Romances 2) [PAR] [1.4] ASTYOKHOS, XUTHOS, ANDROKLES, PHERAIMON, IOKASTOS, AGATHYRNOS (by Kyane) (Diodorus Siculus 5.7.5) [PAR] [1.5] ALKYONE (Ovid Metamorphoses 11.430) [PAR] [1.6] ARNE (Diodorus Siculus 4.67.3) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] AE\u2032OLUS (Aiolos). In the mythical history of Greece there are three personages of this name, who are spoken of by ancient writers as connected with one another, but this connexion is so confused, that it is impossible to gain a clear view of them. (M\u00fcller, Orchom. p. 138, &c.) We shall follow Diodorus, who distinguishes between the three, although in other passages he confounds them. [PAR] 1. A son of Hellen and the nymph Orse\u00efs, and a brother of Dorus and Xuthus. He is described as the ruler of Thessaly, and regarded as the founder of the Aeolic branch of the Greek nation. He married Enarete, the daughter of Deimachus, by whom he had seven sons and five daughters, and according to some writers still more. (Apollod. i. 7. \u00a7 3; Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 190.) According to M\u00fcller's supposition, the most ancient and genuine story knew only of four sons of Aeolus, viz. Sisyphus, Athamas, Cretheus, and Salmoneus, as the representatives of the four main branches of the Aeolic race. The great extent of country which this race occupied, and the desire of each part of it to trace its origin to some descendant of Aeolus, probably gave rise to the varying accounts about the number of his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Through what countries does the Danube River flow ... Through what countries does the Danube River flow? | Reference.com [PAR] Through what countries does the Danube River flow? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The Danube River flows through Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine. Its headwaters begin with the confluence of the Brigach and Breg rivers in the town of Donaueschingen in western Germany's mountainous Black Forest region and empties into the Black Sea at the Danube Delta in western Ukraine. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The Danube River flows for a total of 1,770 miles, making it the European Union's longest river and the European continent's second longest river after the Volga. This river passes through many important cities, including four national capitals: Vienna, Austria; Bratislava, Slovakia; Budapest, Hungary; and Belgrade, Serbia. The Danube's drainage basin covers an area of 315,000 square miles and extends into several more countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Montenegro, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, the Republic of Macedonia and Albania. [PAR] The Danube was home to some of the earliest human cultures in Europe, and its long navigable length has made it an important highway for trade and war for thousands of years. It was a prize for which the Ottoman, Hungarian and Austrian Empires contended for hundreds of years. Today, it is still a major thoroughfare for trade, and it also provides drinking water for around 20 million people. People also use the Danube for fishing and for tours of the historical riches along its length.[DOC] [TLE] Europe Physical feature map id - 3. The Danube River flows ... Europe Physical feature map id - 3. The Danube River flows into what body of [PAR] Europe Physical feature map id [PAR] Europe Physical feature map id - 3. The Danube River flows... [PAR] SCHOOL [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] Europe Physical Features Map ID Follow the directions using the attached physical map of Europe to label the physical features listed. You may use the physical map at the beginning of Unit 4 (260-261) and/or the following web site: http://www.euratlas.com/Atlas/ . Identify each feature by writing the feature on the correct place on the map, and then by color to indicate what type of physical feature it is. Bodies of water \u2013 blue Mountains \u2013 brown Peninsulas \u2013 yellow European Plain - green Danube River Rhine River Black Sea Atlantic Ocean Pyrenees Alps Mediterranean Sea Ural Mountains Scandinavian Peninsula English Channel Iberian Peninsula European Plain Answer the following questions: 1. The Pyrenees divide which two countries?___________________ 2. What ocean is to the west of Europe?________________________ [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] Unformatted text preview: 3. The Danube River flows into what body of water?_____________________ 4. The Iberian Peninsula contains which two countries? ______________________________________________________________ 5. What is the name of the body of water that borders Southern Europe? ______________________________________________________________ 6. The English Channel is between which two countries? ______________________________________________________________ 7. The Ural Mountains are considered a natural boundary between the continents ________________ and _________________. 8. What countries comprise the Scandinavian Peninsula? ______________________________________________________________... [PAR] Countries and Physical Features of Europe to knowCountries 1. Spain 2. France 3. Ital [PAR] Europe-Countries and Physical Features"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Swordfish (2001) - IMDb Swordfish (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A covert counter-terrorist unit called Black Cell led by Gabriel Shear wants the money to help finance their war against international terrorism, but it's all locked away. Gabriel brings in convicted hacker Stanley Jobson to help him. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 30 Oct 2010 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 07 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 06 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 07 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Swordfish \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 5 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Terrorists steal nuclear warheads from the U.S. military but don't count on a pilot and park ranger spoiling their plans. [PAR] Director: John Woo [PAR] In Paris, a young employee in the office of the US Ambassador hooks up with an American spy looking to stop a terrorist attack in the city. [PAR] Director: Pierre Morel [PAR] When the daughter of a well-known and well-respected base commander is murdered, an undercover detective is summoned to look into the matter and finds a slew of cover-ups at West Point. [PAR] Director: Simon West [PAR] In order to foil an extortion plot, an FBI agent undergoes a face-transplant surgery and assumes the identity and physical appearance of a ruthless terrorist, but the plan turns from bad to worse when the same criminal impersonates the cop. [PAR] Director: John Woo [PAR] A retired master car thief must come back to the industry and steal 50 cars with his crew in one night to save his brother's life. [PAR] Director: Dominic Sena [PAR] An ordinary man sees a bright light descend from the sky, and discovers he now has super-intelligence and telekinesis. [PAR] Director: Jon Turteltaub [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] When the DEA shut down its dummy corporation operation codenamed SWORDFISH in 1986, they had generated $400 million which they let sit around; fifteen years of compound interest has swelled it to $9.5 billion. A covert counter-terrorist unit called Black Cell, headed by the duplicitious and suave Gabriel Shear, wants the money to help finance their raise-the-stakes vengeance war against international terrorism, but it's all locked away behind super-encryption. He brings in convicted hacker Stanley Jobson, who only wants to see his daughter Holly again but can't afford the legal fees, to slice into the government mainframes and get the money. Written by Jeff Cross <blackjac_1998@yahoo.com> [PAR] Log In. Log Out. Leg It! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for violence, language and some sexuality/nudity | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 8 June"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tasmania | history - geography - island and state ... Tasmania | history - geography - island and state, Australia | Britannica.com [PAR] island and state, Australia [PAR] Alternative Title: Van Diemen\u2019s Land [PAR] Tasmania [PAR] Seats in federal House of Representatives [PAR] 5 (of 150) [PAR] Australian Eastern Standard Time (GMT + 10) [PAR] 1Mainland and island areas only; excludes coastal water. [PAR] Tasmania, formerly Van Diemen\u2019s Land, island state of Australia . It lies about 150 miles (240 km) south of the state of Victoria , from which it is separated by the relatively shallow Bass Strait . Structurally, Tasmania constitutes a southern extension of the Great Dividing Range . The state comprises a main island called Tasmania; Bruny Island , nestling close to the southeastern coast of the main island; King and Flinders islands in Bass Strait; numerous smaller islands off the coast of the main island; and subantarctic Macquarie Island , about 900 miles (1,450 km) to the southeast. The main island is roughly heart-shaped, with a maximum length and width of about 200 miles (320 km), and its latitude and climate are broadly comparable to those of northern California and northwestern Spain. With an area slightly larger than that of Sri Lanka , Tasmania is the smallest of Australia\u2019s states. Hobart is the state capital. [PAR] Tasmania, Australia. [PAR] Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia. [PAR] M. Murphy [PAR] The state owes its name to the Dutch navigator-explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman , who in 1642 became the first European to discover the island. Until 1856, however, the island was known as Van Diemen\u2019s Land , named for Anthony van Diemen , the governor of the Dutch East Indies who had sent Tasman on his voyage of exploration. The island of Tasmania contains some of the most spectacular mountain, lake, and coastal scenery in the country, and much of its land is protected in national parks and reserves. The state also produces a major portion of Australia\u2019s hydroelectric power and possesses a great diversity of natural resources. Nevertheless, Tasmania has remained among the poorest of Australia\u2019s states, with a steadily decreasing share of the country\u2019s population. Although insularity renders much of its political, economic, and social life distinctive, proximity to Melbourne and air travel make Tasmania less isolated and more cosmopolitan than is often assumed in other Australian states. Area 26,410 square miles (68,401 square km). Population (2011) 495,354. [PAR] Dove Lake in Cradle Mountain\u2013Lake St. Clair National Park, part of a UNESCO World Heritage \u2026 [PAR] Australian Scenics [PAR] Storm Bay [PAR] Most Tasmanian soils are leached, acidic, poorly drained, high in humus, and low in fertility. Least fertile and most extensive are the soils of the west and northeast, especially the moor peats. Fertile areas occur extensively in the northwest and locally elsewhere, notably in the northeast and southeast. Brown earths occupy the drier areas east of the Central Plateau; black earths, the southeast; and alluvial soils, the narrow valley floors to the east. Other fertile soils are those of former swamps in the far northwest and the Bass Strait islands. [PAR] Climate [PAR] Tasmania, located in the midlatitude westerly wind belt and dominated by southern maritime air masses, generally enjoys a moist, equable climate, with mild to warm summers, mild winters in most settled areas, and rain during all seasons. However, the southwest has much rugged weather, and the southeast can suffer drought. Collision between tropical air masses\u2014in summer from the continent and in spring and autumn from the eastern Tasmanian coast\u2014and the mountainous surface results in greater climatic variety than in other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Valais | canton, Switzerland | Britannica.com Valais | canton, Switzerland | Britannica.com [PAR] canton, Switzerland [PAR] Switzerland [PAR] Valais, (French), German Wallis, canton , southern Switzerland . It borders Italy to the south and France to the west and is bounded by the cantons of Vaud and Bern on the north and Uri and Ticino on the east. Its area includes the valley of the upper Rh\u00f4ne River , from its source at the Rh\u00f4ne Glacier to its mouth on Lake Geneva; the valley runs from east to west and then, in a right angle at Martigny, from southeast to northwest. From just above Saint-Maurice, the Rh\u00f4ne\u2019s right bank belongs to Vaud canton. The mountain chains of the Bernese and the Pennine Alps border the Rh\u00f4ne River valley, and on each side lateral valleys open; those of the south are spread out and inhabited, and those of the north are steep and largely uninhabited, with the exception of the L\u00f6tschental (L\u00f6tschen Valley) and Leukerbad (Loeche-les-Bains). [PAR] Electric power station near Vissoie in the Anniviers Valley, Valais canton, Switz. [PAR] FPG [PAR] The region first appeared in the account of Julius Caesar\u2019s conquest of the Celts at Octodurum (Martigny) about 57 bc. It was originally called Vallis Poenina (\u201cUpper Rh\u00f4ne Valley\u201d). Part of the kingdom of Jurane Burgundy from 888, Valais was granted in 999 by King Rudolf III of Burgundy to the bishop of Sion, who became prefect, count of Valais, and later prince-bishop. The area\u2019s subsequent history was mostly related to the struggles of the patriots against their episcopal overlords and of the bishops against the dukes of Savoy , who coveted their land. Efforts to Protestantize Valais during the Reformation were unsuccessful. The prince-bishops retained their power until the revolution of 1798, when Valais became part of the Helvetic Republic . Napoleon made Valais the independent Rhodanic Republic in 1802 and incorporated it into France as the d\u00e9partement of Simplon in 1810. In 1815 Valais entered the Swiss Confederation. Although it took part in the conservative Sonderbund (a Roman Catholic separatist league) in 1845, it did not fight but submitted to federal forces in 1847. [PAR] Similar Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biography of John Galliano - BLOUIN ARTINFO, The Premier ... Biography of John Galliano - BLOUIN ARTINFO, The Premier Global Online Destination for Art and Culture | BLOUIN ARTINFO [PAR] \u201cBlanche Dubois,\u201d 2008 [PAR] [PAR] John Galliano is best known for his ready-to-wear as well as haute-couture collections for the fashion houses of Givenchy and Dior. Despite the financial and personal setbacks, Galliano has managed to rise above them and give the fashion world some famous collections. [PAR] [PAR] Early Life [PAR] John Charles Galliano was born in Gibraltar to Juan Galliano, a plumber and Anita, a flamenco teacher. When Galliano was only six, he moved with his family to England in the pursuit of a better life. The transition was never an easy one since Galliano was raised in a strict Catholic family and his mother always made sure that he was dressed well even for the simplest of errands. As a shy child, he was often teased by his classmates for his attire. [PAR] [PAR] He studied fashion design at the Saint Martin\u2019s School of Art in London and graduated with flying colors. While still in school, he worked at the Britain National Theatre. This probably inspired his graduating collection which was influenced by the French Revolution and named it \u201cLes Incroyables.\u201d This complete collection was bought by Browns, a fashion boutique based in London. This inspired him to start his own label. [PAR] [PAR] Career [PAR] While he had financial backing for establishing his own label and his designs were outlandish yet intricate, he lacked the business acumen that was required to keep the label running. His extravagant lifestyle wreaked havoc on his finances. Initially, he got financial backing from Johan Brun and Katharine Hamnett but that came to an end soon. His ideas and elaborate plans were cut short in 1990 when he went bankrupt. [PAR] [PAR] He moved to Paris for work where he came into contact with Faycal Amor, a Paris-based Moroccan designer. This gave Galliano a big break and a chance to show his collection at the Paris Fashion Week. Before his financial agreement with Amor ended, he designed costumes for her \u201cLet\u2019s Get To It Tour.\u201d [PAR] [PAR] Despite the financial instability, he continued with his work and soon came into contact with Anna Wintour and Andre Leon Talley. They introduced Galliano to the Portuguese fashion patron, Sa\u00f5 Schlumberger, who was greatly impressed with his work. She introduced him to new financiers and he got the necessary backing that was necessary to give him standing in the Parisian circle. [PAR] [PAR] Bernard Arnault, a French business magnate, appointed Galliano as the designer at Givenchy in 1995. He became the first British designer to be at the helm of an haute couture house based in France. His collection for the first couture show consisting of bouffant ball gowns, bowed dresses, and belted suits, was extremely well received. However, his time with the Givenchy fashion house lasted only for two years after which he moved to Dior. [PAR] [PAR] Arnault, who owned Givenchy as well as Dior, replaced Gianfranco Ferr\u00e9, the Italian designer, with Galliano as the designer in chief at Dior with the hopes that his designs would attract a younger clientele. He did infuse the collection with a fresh vigor and received appreciation for the Haute Couture and ready-to-wear collections. He did admit that these ensembles were much closer to his taste than were the conservative collections of Givenchy. This was a time when he enjoyed unparalleled position among his British peers. [PAR] [PAR] Style [PAR] His designs are often"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 Most Prestigious Military Academies in the World ... 10 Most Prestigious Military Academies in the World - OnlineCollege.org [PAR] Google+ [PAR] 10 Most Prestigious Military Academies in the World [PAR] For some college students , school is about more than just learning history , engineering , or mathematics . It\u2019s also a chance to learn skills that will serve them well working in intelligence, military technology, or even on the front lines of battle. While military academies aren\u2019t every student\u2019s ideal match, for those who want to pursue a career in the armed forces, they can be great training and preparation resources, teaching students how to ready both their bodies and minds for active service. Students who complete undergraduate programs at U.S. military academies may even have the option to pursue an online master\u2019s degree in military history if they are interested in graduate study. [PAR] Not all military academies are created equal, however, and some have a certain cachet that goes along with their names. While not a complete list (there are a lot of military academies out there, after all), we\u2019ve tried to highlight some of the best, most rigorous, and most prestigious of these military academies in nations around the world. Read on to find out which schools are producing the best and brightest brass today. [PAR] United States Military Academy , West Point, New York [PAR] The USMA, better known as West Point, is perhaps one of the best and most prestigious military academies in the world. That reputation isn\u2019t taken lightly. Students must not only apply to the school, but almost must receive a nomination from a U.S. Congressman (or woman) in order to be accepted, though non-U.S. citizens are allowed to apply. There is also a strict honor code, and students are expected to not only do well academically, but build military leadership and athletic skills. There is no tuition at West Point, but students must begin active duty with the Army upon graduation. Situated on a picturesque hill overlooking the Hudson River, the school itself is a national landmark and boasts some elite alumni including two presidents, many famous generals, and 74 recipients of the Medal of Honor. [PAR] United States Naval Academy , Annapolis, Maryland [PAR] The USNA was established in 1845, and has been educating officers for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps ever since. Located on the former grounds of Fort Severn, the school\u2019s campus is a national landmark and is within easy driving distance to Washington, D.C. Like West Point, students at USNA need endorsement from a member of Congress to get accepted, and while 1,300 enter every year, only about 1,000 ever make it to graduation. In exchange for free tuition, graduates must serve in a branch of the military for at least five years after getting their degrees. Graduates from the USNA have included more than 50 astronauts (six of whom flew to the moon), 46 Rhodes scholars, one president, two Nobel Prize winners, and 73 Medal of Honor recipients. [PAR] Royal Air Force College Cranwell , Sleaford, United Kingdom [PAR] The Royal Air Force College was originally established as a naval aviation training center during World War I, and reached official status as the world\u2019s first air academy in 1919. During World War II, the school stopped exclusively training officers and began working to train as many recruits as possible to fly in the British Air Force. Today, the RAF College has returned to its original purpose and boasts some pretty big names for alumni, including Prince William; Prince Charles; Frank Whittle, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Is English Our Native Language In Nigeria - Culture - Nigeria Is English Our Native Language In Nigeria - Culture - Nigeria [PAR] 1 Like Re: Is English Our Native Language In Nigeria by EdehOnos (m): 1:30am On Jun 20, 2006 [PAR] OK,English is not our native language in Nigeria but an official language.And I do not think there is any country in Africa that has English as it's native language. [PAR] The native languages we have in Nigeria include:Yoruba,Ibo,Hausa,Ijaws,Urhobo etc. [PAR] There's another language in Nigeria called Gousa,it is an official language authored by Mr. Alex Igbineweka,a native of Edo.This language has gained global acceptance as exemplified by it's recognition at THE American Heritage University in San Bernadine Southern California USA, which included the Guosa Language Certificate programme in its academic syllabus [PAR] Gousa language is made of chunks of several Nigeria languages. [PAR] Don't you guys think Pigeon English should gain similar acceptance? [PAR] Edeh Onoriode [PAR] Re: Is English Our Native Language In Nigeria by Nosu (m): 12:46am On Jul 02, 2006 [PAR] yea u guys are right, English is not our native language, it is just our official language . which help every tribe in nija to easily communicate with each other. Thank God for english, there for be big confusion for naija with more than 300 laguages. [PAR] [flash=200,200][/flash][img][/img] [PAR] [color=#990000][/color] [PAR] hhhjj [PAR] [tr][/tr] [PAR] Re: Is English Our Native Language In Nigeria by finemocha (f): 1:23am On Mar 21, 2007 [PAR] muyete [PAR] dear if u are asking a question like that then maybe u should go and ask ur parents what tribe u are from, the last time i checked there wasnt an english tribe in naija. [PAR] @the topic [PAR] Englis is not our Native Language but French is [PAR] Re: Is English Our Native Language In Nigeria by sisimose (f): 1:28am On Mar 21, 2007 [PAR] English is not our native language which is why i dey vex for people wey dey try diss others for grammatical errors, such colonial snobbery *puke* [PAR] But i am glad we speak it sha! atleast we can communicate with 80%of this mad world [PAR] Who is the idiot that posted this nonsence, Seuun u get work to do oooo, dam! , [PAR] @ poster, dont u know the difference btw native and official language? , [PAR] Its been more than a year since I posted the question whether english Language is our native langusge in Nigeria or an official language. [PAR] I thank you all [PAR] I have received various responses. Some are mild and some are very harsh. I make reference to in particular to MP007 and FINEMOCHA. Your manner of regarding your fellow folks is rather very inimcal to a modern day intellectual display. [PAR] Who is an idiot? [PAR] Is it he who does not know and whishes that he be told so that he can know or he who still regard he who now knows since a year ago as if he does not know. [PAR] My friend, MP007, what you have simply done is just a cheer didplay of of idiotism. I displayded an ignorance of a subject more than a year ago. I need not tell you that my knowledge is now updated on this particular topic. When next you response to a similar thread like this allow yourself the priviledge of displaying your intellectual and analytical consideration before given your response. And next time try and regard your fellow nairalanders with some sense of respect and civility. [PAR] Re: Is English Our Native Language"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tour de France - Anabolic Steroids Blog \u2013 iSteroids.com Tour de France - Anabolic Steroids Blog \u2013 iSteroids.com [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Former professional David Millar in a revealing opinion piece published in the New York Times titled \u2018How to get away with doping\u2019 has provided a detailed account of his personal use of use of Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs) during his career. [PAR] Millar offered an account about the powerful effects of Kenacort and how the World Anti-Doping Agency and the UCI, the world governing body of cycling, have failed in their oversight of the list of drugs available with a Therapeutic Use Exemption and in their administration of the application process. [PAR] Millar said Kenacort was so powerful that it was ultimately destructive. The former cyclist said the substance, apart from being a catabolic agent, would also suppress the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. Millar said he took Kenacort only twice after 2001: for the 2002 Vuelta a Espa\u00c3\u00b1a and the 2003 Tour de France. The ex-cyclist went on to reveal that he used to take an initial 20 to 40 milligram dose, and then topped up with 10 to 20 milligrams about 10 days later both times in order to prolong the effects into the final week of the three-week stage race and to avoid too rapid a descent off it. Millar added he was taking this powerful, potentially dangerous drug as a performance enhancer , yet he was doing so within the rules \u00e2\u0080\u0094 thanks to the T.U.E. loophole. [PAR] Millar was arrested by French police in 2004 and confessed to making the use of Erythropoietin (EPO) in 2001 and 2003. The UCI imposed a ban of two years on him in August 2004 and Millar was stripped of his 2003 individual time trial world title and was fired by his Cofidis team. [PAR] Millar made a return to racing in 2006 with Saunier Duval\u00e2\u0080\u0093Prodir but would leave the team at the end of 2007 season to join the newly created Slipstream\u00e2\u0080\u0093Chipotle outfit. The American team and its owner Jonathan Vaughters on a strong anti-doping stance with Millar becoming a spokesman for \u2018clean cycling\u2019. [PAR] Millar wrote in the New York Times article that he served a ban of two years but he was at least free of all the deception and disgust. The Scottish former professional road racing cyclist said he was determined to do everything in his power when he returned to the sport for preventing the next generation of riders having to make the decisions he had made. Millar said telling his story is his way of helping to prevent other athletes\u2019 careers being poisoned as his was. The former professional cyclist also wrote he believes the \u201cthe biggest races are today being won by clean riders.\u201d [PAR] The Scottish former professional road racing cyclist added the Fancy Bears hack of the World Anti-Doping Agency and the release of Therapeutic Use Exemptions for athletes such as Team Sky\u2019s Tour de France winners Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome has opened the world\u2019s eyes to a disturbingly gray area in sporting law: the therapeutic use exemption, and shown the system is open to abuse. [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Christian Prudhomme, the general director of the Tour de France since 2007, has remarked anti-doping measures in the recent past have significantly changed image of cycling. Prudhomme said he believes that doping in cycling is under control and that all the measures that have been taken should be enough. [PAR] The Frenchman added cycling is no longer the principal sport to provide news on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Sweetest Thing (2002) - Rotten Tomatoes View All Critic Reviews (107) [PAR] Audience Reviews for The Sweetest Thing [PAR] Please, somebody could say to Cameron Diaz to stop make any movies, they're just horrible and that the only good comedy which she made a big role is There's Something About Mary and The Mask, thank you. The Sweetest Thing is a mix of a gross out and romcom that is really silly, so silly that makes me want to puke. It's one of this movies that is look like an awful music that you doesn't like, but stay in your mind and tortures you. Dispite the scene being in your mind, it have the able to make you embarrassed, from the first until the ridiculous ending credits. [PAR] Lucas Martins [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] The idea forwarded here seems to be that cows can be just as stupid and lewd and backward as bulls (!!!). The result amazingly reaches the same conclusion: boring, and embarrassingly so. The cast, however brave, fails to lift the material. The groaning you will hear, that'd be you. [PAR] Kevin M. Williams"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cannon and Ball - Everything2.com Cannon and Ball - Everything2.com [PAR] Cannon and Ball [PAR] by Ashley Pomeroy [PAR] Thu Oct 11 2001 at 13:28:42 [PAR] Tommy Cannon and Bobby Ball (real names: Thomas Derbyshire and Robert Harper) are a British comedy duo whose greatest fame was during the 19 70s (clubs) and the 19 80s (television). They were part of the last generation of comedians to emerge from constant live performance in working men's clubs ; with a few exceptions (such as Hale & Pace and, curiously in this company, Vic Reeves ), any new comedians who show promise on the live circuit tend to be quickly snapped up by television. After coming last in 1968 's season of Opportunity Knocks , the duo - who had been performing together since the early 1960s - slowly built up a following over the next decade before ITV found them. [PAR] Of the two Bobby Ball was short, and had a moustache and curly hair, and Yuppie -style braces which he would 'twang' whilst saying 'Rock on, Tommy!', his catchphrase. Tommy Cannon did not have much hair and always seemed miserable but otherwise had no comedic mannerisms. [PAR] As 'Cannon and Ball' - thus making them one of the few comedy double acts to be named after medieval military equipment - they were extremely popular in the 1980s, selling out the London Palladium several times and appearing in a top-rated ITV variety show from 1979 to 1988, filling a gap vacated by Morcambe and Wise , to whom they were often compared (unfavourably, most of the time; as with Keith Harris , Cannon and Ball were often held as one of the reasons for the success of alternative comedy ). There was even a film, 'The Boys in Blue', which received very bad reviews. ( Leslie Halliwell : \"Village policemen catch art thieves. Horribly incompetent remake of 'Ask a Policeman' with a totally untalented star team.\") [PAR] After a hyped, expensive and disastrous game show ('Cannon and Ball's Casino') and an equally short-lived sitcom called 'Plaza Patrol' (in which our heroes were security guards at a shopping centre), they vanished from television into the world of pantomime, where apparently they both discovered God and became born-again Christians . As with The Krankies , they are still there... lurking... waiting..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude ... The Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance [PAR] The Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance [PAR] Special [PAR] Four virtues play a pivotal role and accordingly are called \"cardinal\"; all the others are grouped around them. They are: prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. \"If anyone loves righteousness, [Wisdom's] labors are virtues; for she teaches temperance and prudence, justice, and courage.\" These virtues are praised under other names in many passages of Scripture. [PAR] Prudence [PAR] Prudence disposes the practical reason to discern, in every circumstance, our true good and to choose the right means for achieving it. [PAR] Prudence is the virtue that disposes practical reason to discern our true good in every circumstance and to choose the right means of achieving it; \"the prudent man looks where he is going.\" \"Keep sane and sober for your prayers.\" Prudence is \"right reason in action,\" writes St. Thomas Aquinas, following Aristotle. It is not to be confused with timidity or fear, nor with duplicity or dissimulation. It is called auriga virtutum (the charioteer of the virtues); it guides the other virtues by setting rule and measure. It is prudence that immediately guides the judgment of conscience. The prudent man determines and directs his conduct in accordance with this judgment. With the help of this virtue we apply moral principles to particular cases without error and overcome doubts about the good to achieve and the evil to avoid. [PAR] A human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience. If he were deliberately to act against it, he would condemn himself. Yet it can happen that moral conscience remains in ignorance and makes erroneous judgments about acts to be performed or already committed. This ignorance can often be imputed to personal responsibility. This is the case when a man \"takes little trouble to find out what is true and good, or when conscience is by degrees almost blinded through the habit of committing sin.\" In such cases, the person is culpable for the evil he commits. [PAR] Justice [PAR] Justice is the moral virtue that consists in the constant and firm will to give their due to God and neighbor. Justice toward God is called the \"virtue of religion.\" Justice toward men disposes one to respect the rights of each and to establish in human relationships the harmony that promotes equity with regard to persons and to the common good. The just man, often mentioned in the Sacred Scriptures, is distinguished by habitual right thinking and the uprightness of his conduct toward his neighbor. \"You shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great, but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor.\" \"Masters, treat your slaves justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven. [PAR] The Ten Commandments state what is required in the love of God and love of neighbor. The first three concern love of God, and the other seven love of neighbor. As charity comprises the two commandments to which the Lord related the whole Law and the prophets . . . so the Ten Commandments were themselves given on two tablets. Three were written on one tablet and seven on the other. To transgress one commandment is to infringe all the others. [PAR] The 10 commandments are: [PAR] 1. \"You Shall Worship the Lord Your God and Him Only Shall You Serve\" [PAR] 2. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. [PAR] 3. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC Sport - Sports Personality of the Year - David Beckham ... BBC Sport - Sports Personality of the Year - David Beckham receives Lifetime Achievement award [PAR] David Beckham receives Lifetime Achievement award [PAR] Beckham wins lifetime achievement award [PAR] Former England captain David Beckham has received the BBC Sports Personality Lifetime Achievement award. [PAR] The 35-year-old midfielder is England's most capped outfield player and won six Premier League titles and the Champions League crown with Manchester United. [PAR] He won the Spanish league with Real Madrid after a \u00a325m move from United before joining Los Angeles Galaxy and also spent two loan spells at AC Milan. [PAR] In 2001 Beckham was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year. [PAR] \"I'm humbled to receive an award for something I love doing and continue to love doing, [I am] very humbled,\" said a tearful Beckham, who accepted the award from Sir Bobby Charlton. [PAR] \"To receive it from Sir Bobby, who was there when I first started, [I am] truly honoured,\" he added. [PAR] \"Football's a team game. Without the teams and players' support I've had over the years, players like Ryan [Giggs] and the other greats, I wouldn't be here without the support and skill of them. [PAR] \"Playing for England is one of the biggest things of my career, and I've always been able to play for some of the best coaches throughout my career. [PAR] \"I have to thank so many people - my parents, who sacrificed so much, who always have done and always will do, my family and friends, of course my wife and children. Not only has she [Victoria] given me three amazing boys but the support she has given me, inspiration every day.\" [PAR] \"David's record on and off the pitch has been remarkable,\" BBC Sports Personality of the Year editor Carl Doran said. [PAR] Archive - Beckham's redemption in 2002 [PAR] \"It's a fitting reward for an outstanding career as a player and for his tireless work as an ambassador for British sport. He has also been a tremendous role model.\" [PAR] Nine years ago Beckham won the main award, voted for by the public, after an outstanding display for England against Greece in which his late free-kick earned the national side a place in the 2002 World Cup finals. [PAR] His England career began in September 1996 against Moldova with his latest, and 115th, cap coming against Belarus in October 2009. He also captained England 59 times in that period. [PAR] Having appeared and scored in the previous three World Cups, Beckham was expected to be selected for the tournament in South Africa in 2010. [PAR] But the player, who hails from east London, tore his Achilles tendon while on loan from LA Galaxy at AC Milan in March, and was ruled out of what would have been his fourth World Cup. [PAR] BBC LIFETIME AWARD WINNERS[DOC] [TLE] Sports Personality: David Beckham wins 2001 award - BBC Sports Personality: David Beckham wins 2001 award - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport - Sports Personality: David Beckham wins 2001 award [PAR] Beckham scoops 2001 SPOTY award [PAR] 2 Oct 2015 [PAR] From the section Sports Personality [PAR] In 2001, David Beckham was named Sports Personality of the Year after he scored a free kick in the final few minutes against Greece to seal England's place at the 2002 World Cup finals. [PAR] Beckham went on to become England's second most capped player, making 115 appearances. [PAR] BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2015 is broadcast live from Belfast"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Emperor of India - PediaView.com Emperor of India [PAR] Privacy & Advertising [PAR] Emperor of India [PAR] The title Emperor/Empress of India was used by the British monarchs during the British Raj in the Indian Subcontinent from 1876 (see Royal Titles Act 1876 ) until 1948, [1] [2] [3] after India had attained independence from the United Kingdom , when for a transitional period the British monarch was also king of the independent dominions of India and Pakistan . [PAR] The term \u201cEmperor of India\u201d is also used to refer to pre-British Indian emperors (see List of Indian monarchs ). [PAR] British monarchs [PAR] Coins of the British empire and its dominions routinely included the title Ind. Imp., such as this Canadian five-cent piece . [PAR] New Crowns for Old depicts Prime Minister Disraeli offering Queen Victoria an imperial crown in exchange for an earl\u2019s coronet. She made him Earl of Beaconsfield at this time. [4] [PAR] After the British East India Company (EIC) deposed the Mughal Emperor, and after the British government dissolved the EIC in 1874, Queen Victoria was given the title \u201cEmpress of India\u201d (or Kaisar-i-Hind, a form coined by the orientalist G.W. Leitner in a deliberate attempt to dissociate British imperial rule from that of preceding dynasties) [5] by the Royal Titles Act 1876 , from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1877. The title came into use nineteen years after British India and the British protected states (\u2018 princely states \u2018) on the Indian Subcontinent came under the control of the British Crown, following the dissolution of the British East India Company. [PAR] The title had been eagerly assumed by Victoria in 1876, after she had been pressuring Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli to agree to her assuming the title for some years. [6] The idea of having Victoria proclaimed empress of India was not new as Lord Ellenborough had already suggested it in 1843 on becoming governor-general of India. By 1874, Henry Ponsonby , the Queen\u2019s Private Secretary, had investigations well in hand and English charters had been scrutinized for imperial titles, with Edgar and Stephen mentioned as sound precedents. The Queen, possibly irritated by the sallies of the republicans, the tendency to democracy, and the realization that her influence was manifestly on the decline, was urging the move. [7] By January 1876, the Queen\u2019s insistence was such that the Prime Minister felt he could procrastinate no more. [8] Initially, Victoria had actually considered the style \u201cEmpress of Great Britain, Ireland and India\u201d but the cautious Disraeli, in his desire to avoid controversy, persuaded the Queen to limit the title to India. [9] [PAR] However, many in Britain regarded the assumption of the title as a fairly obvious development from the 1858 Government of India Act when the Crown replaced the East India Company, as the title \u2018Queen\u2019 was no longer considered adequate for the head of what had become known as the Indian Empire. The new styling would underline the fact that the native states were no longer a mere agglomeration but a collective entity. [10] [PAR] When Victoria\u2019s successor Edward VII ascended the throne in 1901, he continued to use the title \u201cEmperor of India\u201d, as did subsequent British monarchs. The title continued after India became independent on 15 August 1947 until it was formally abandoned on 22 June 1948 [3] during the reign of King George VI . [PAR] When signing off Indian business, the reigning British king-emperors or queen-empress used the initials R I (Rex/Regina Imperator/Imperatrix) or the abbreviation Ind. Imp. (Indiae"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Freaky Friday (2003) DVD Review - DVDizzy.com Freaky Friday (2003) DVD Review [PAR] Freaky Friday (2003) DVD Review [PAR] Freaky Friday [PAR] Theatrical Release: August 1, 2003 / Running Time: 97 Minutes / Rating: PG [PAR] Director: Mark Waters [PAR] Cast: Jamie Lee Curtis (Tess Coleman), Lindsay Lohan (Anna Coleman), Mark Harmon (Ryan), Harold Gould (Grandpa), Chad Michael Murray (Jake), Stephen Tobolowsky (Mr. Bates), Ryan Malgarini (Harry Coleman), Christina Vidal (Maddie), Haley Hudson (Peg), Rosalind Chao (Pei-Pei), Lucille Soong (Pei-Pei's Mom), Willie Garson (Evan), Dina Waters (Dottie Robertson) [PAR] In recent years, Disney has remade some popular films with mixed results. The '90s saw remakes of The Absent-Minded Professor and The Parent Trap, plus new spins on other studio films Angels in the Outfield and Mighty Joe Young. Disney's 1977 comedy Freaky Friday ( coming to DVD in June ) isn't as popular or as old as those other films, but nonetheless, the decision to remake the film did not seem like a bad idea. [PAR] Having already tackled duplicating Hayley Mills (in her finest dual role, no less), Lindsay Lohan was quickly in place to play the role of the daughter who switches bodies with her mother, a role performed by a young Jodie Foster in the original film. The rest of the casting was less firm. With Foster declining to play the role of the mother this time, Annette Bening was hired. In a touch of Disney synergy, Kelly Osbourne of \"The Osbournes\" was slated to play Lohan's best friend. Tom Selleck was to play the husband-to-be. [PAR] Nonetheless, when filming started in the fall of 2002, all three were gone. In their place were Jamie Lee Curtis as the mother, Christina Vidal (the young star of Life with Mikey) as the best friend, and Mark Harmon as fiance Ryan. When the film was released less than a year later, Curtis won rave reviews, and later was nominated for a Golden Globe Best Actress award. [PAR] Curtis does deserve praise, as she both successfully brings her middle-aged character Tess Coleman to life and takes what could be a cartoonish body-switch gag and makes it convincing. Curtis almost calls to mind Tom Hanks' brilliant performance in the 1988 body-switching comedy Big. It's rare for such a substantial middle-aged adult performance to turn up in a live action Disney film. Certainly, Richard Farnsworth's leading role in The Straight Story was excellent, but that was neither middle-aged nor standard Disney family fare. The closest that comes to mind in recent history is Bruce Willis' able performance in The Kid, though even that could have undoubtedly used some refinement. [PAR] But enough with the critical analysis, what's this movie about, you ask? Well, it's a pretty original concept, assuming you didn't see the original Freaky Friday, the 1995 TV remake, or Vice Versa or Like Father, Like Son. Nonetheless, like all those films, this Freaky Friday has a distinct appeal on premise alone. Anna Coleman (Lohan) is a 15-year-old high school student who appreciates sleeping in late, fashionable dressing, and punk rock. Her mother, Tess Coleman (Curtis), is a hard-working psychologist and writer, who gets by with a collection of portable electronic communication devices. [PAR] While Tess is excited about her new book and her new wedding to Ryan (Harmon), Tess is more excited about her garage band, The Pink Slips, and an opportunity to rehearse in front of a real crowd. Of course, this opporunity conflicts with her mother's wedding rehearsal dinner, making just another topic for mother and daughter to argue over. This can be added to a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dar es Salaam Port - Tanzania Ports Authority Dar es Salaam Port [PAR] Dawati la Malalamiko kwa Wananchi: Piga Simu za Bure namba: 0800 110072/0800 110073, Barua Pepe; maoni@tanzaniaports.com.Complaints Desk for the General Public. Call our Toll Free numbers 0800 110072 & 0800 110073; E-mail address; maoni@tanzaniaports.com [PAR] Home PortsSea PortsMain Sea PortsDar Es Salaam [PAR] Dar es Salaam Port [PAR] Get Adobe Flash player [PAR] Dar es Salaam port is the Tanzania principal port with a rated capacity of 4.1 million (dwt) dry cargo and 6.0 million (dwt) bulk liquid cargo. The Port has a total quay length of about 2,000 metres with eleven deep-water berths. Dar es Salaam port handles about 95% of the Tanzania international trade. The port serves the landlocked countries of Malawi, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda. The port is strategically placed to serve as a convenient freight linkage not only to and from East and Central Africa countries but also to middle and Far East, Europe, Australia and America. [PAR] The Port of Dar es Salaam has the following marine crafts: [PAR] Six (6) Berthing Tugs [PAR] Sixteen (16) Lighter Towing Tugs [PAR] Four (4) Lighters[DOC] [TLE] Measuring and analysing terminal capacity in East Africa ... Measuring and analysing terminal capacity in East Africa: The case of the seaport of Dar es Salaam | SpringerLink [PAR] June 2014 [PAR] , Volume 16, Issue 2 , pp 141\u2013164 [PAR] Measuring and analysing terminal capacity in East Africa: The case of the seaport of Dar es Salaam [PAR] Authors [PAR] 16 Downloads [PAR] Abstract [PAR] Measuring capacity and capacity utilisation at seaport terminals is essential to ensure efficient utilisation of the infra- and superstructure of the seaport. Most of the methods that have so far been used to measure capacity utilisation are not easy to comprehend for a common seaport operator. Most of the methods are also data intensive and therefore not suited for developing countries. This article attempts to use well-known standard queuing models to measure capacity utilisation in a seaport using the seaport of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) as a case study. Historical data on terminal performance for the general cargo and the container terminal have been collected to validate the model. Based on standard queuing models it has been found that terminal capacity for both terminals is being underutilised and that, as a result, ships are being subjected to unnecessarily long waiting times; a conclusion backed up by a more detailed simulation model. Although some assumptions on which common queuing models have been derived may not hold true in practice, it is argued that standard queuing models can be used as a quick scan for evaluating seaport terminal capacity utilisation. If accurate measurement is needed, more data may need to be collected to determine the actual ship arrivals and service time distributions and develop an appropriate simulation model. The methodology developed in this article, although validated using port performance data for the port of Dar es Salaam, is directly applicable to any other seaport. [PAR] Keywords [PAR] Seaportterminal capacitywaiting timeservice timeberth occupancy [PAR] References [PAR] Al-Eraqi, A., Mustafa, A., Khader, A. and Barros, C. (2008) Efficiency of Middle Eastern and East African seaports: Application of DEA using windows analysis. European Journal of Scientific Research 23 (4): 597\u2013612. Google Scholar [PAR] Bassan, S. (2007) Evaluating seaport operation and capacity analysis \u2013 Preliminary methodology. Maritime Policy and Management 34 (1): 3\u201319. CrossRef Google Scholar [PAR] Behar, A. and Venables, A. (2010) Transport costs and international trade. In: A. De Palma, R. Lindsey, E. Quinet and R. Vickerman (2011), Handbook"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] bouzouki | Greek musical instrument | Britannica.com bouzouki | Greek musical instrument | Britannica.com [PAR] Greek musical instrument [PAR] gittern [PAR] Bouzouki, also spelled buzuki , long-necked plucked lute of Greece . Resembling a mandolin , the bouzouki has a round wooden body, with metal strings arranged in three or four double courses over a fretted fingerboard. The musician plucks the strings over the soundhole with a plectrum held in the right hand, while pressing on the strings on the fingerboard with the fingers of the left hand. [PAR] Musician playing a bouzouki. [PAR] Courtesy of Panagis Noussias [PAR] Derived from the Turkish bozuk and closely related to the Turkish saz and the Asian tanbur , the bouzouki was traditionally used for dancing and entertainment at social gatherings. It became a featured instrument in rebetika, a type of improvised early 20th-century music associated with the Greek underworld. Since gaining a wider audience, the bouzouki has become the major popular-music instrument of Greece. It is also played in a variety of musical genres throughout the world, including jazz , bluegrass , rock , and folk music . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] \u1e6danb\u016br [PAR] long-necked fretted lute played under various names from the Balkans to northwestern Asia. Resembling the long lutes of ancient Egypt and Babylon as well as the ancient Greek pandoura, it has a deep pear-shaped body, some 1 to 4 dozen adjustable frets, and 2 to 10 metal strings that are typically... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: August 08, 2007 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/art/bouzouki [PAR] Access Date: January 17, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Greek Musical Instruments - A selection of Greek musical ... Greek Musical Instruments - A selection of Greek musical instruments available from the Lark in the morning's online catalog [PAR] Greek Musical Instruments [PAR] [PAR] 8 String Bouzouki, 60 Stave Natural Special Walnut Back Sakis has been making fine Greek musical instruments for over 20 years, producing a wide variety of bouzoukis, jouras and baglamas. Excellent workmanship combined with quality materials make Sakis bouzoukis the choice of professional players. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Snooker Rules - Billiard World - Improve Your Pool Game Snooker Rules [PAR] [PAR] Rules of Snooker [PAR] Type of Game: International or \"English\" snooker is the most widely played form of snooker around the world. It is generally played on 6'x12' English billiard tables, with cushions that are more narrow than on pocket billiard tables and which curve smoothly into the pocket openings. 5 x 10 and snooker tables of even smaller playing dimensions may be used for the game. On a 6 x 12 snooker (English billiard) table the playing area within the cushion faces shall measure 11' 8.5\" x 5' 10\" with a tolerance on both dimensions of +/-0.5\". The height of the table is measured from the floor to the top of the cushion rail, and the height shall measure 34\" with an allowable variance of +/-0.5\". [PAR] If you like playing snooker on your computer, you can also try casino gaming online for free or real money. Sites like www.realmoneyaction.com provide online casino games, guides and reviews of best online casinos. [PAR] Players: 2 [PAR] Balls Used: Set of Snooker balls: fifteen object balls that are not numbered and are solid red (called reds), six object balls of other colors that are not numbered (called colors) and a cue ball (called the white ball). Point values for object balls: red-1, yellow-2, green-3, brown-4, blue-5, pink-6, black-7. In International Snooker the balls used are 2-1/16\" diameter. [PAR] The Rack: Play begins with the balls placed as in the diagram above. The pink is spotted on the Pyramid Spot. The apex ball of the triangle of reds is racked as close as possible to the pink without touching it. [PAR] Baulk-line and Baulk: A straight line drawn 29\" from the face of the bottom cushion and parallel to it is called the Baulk-line and the intervening space termed the Baulk. [PAR] The Half Circle: The Half Circle is a semi-circle described in Baulk with its center at the middle of the Baulk-line and with a radius of 11.5\". When the striker has cue ball in hand within the Half Circle he may place the base of the cue ball anywhere on the line or within the Half Circle, and may use his hand or any part of his cue (including the tip) to position the cue ball--as long as it is judged he is not attempting to play a stroke. [PAR] Object of the Game: To score a greater number of points than opponent. [PAR] Scoring: Points are scored in two ways: players are awarded points for fouls by the opponent (see Penalties For Fouls below), and by legally potting reds or colors. Each legally potted red ball has a point value of one; each legally potted color ball has a point value as indicated (Balls Used above). A frame ends when all balls have been potted, following the Rules of Play; if, however, only the black (7) ball is left on the table, the frame ends with the first score or foul. If the players' scores are equal after that scoring, the black is spotted on its original position and the layers lag or draw lots for the choice of playing at, or assigning opponent to play at, the black ball with the cue ball in hand within the Half Circle, first score or foul then ends the frame. [PAR] Opening Break: Players lag or draw lots for choice of break in the opening frame. In a match format the players alternate the break in subsequent frames. Starting player has cue ball in hand"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dad's Army | Music from the television series on CD and ... Dad's Army | Music from the television series on CD and download [PAR] 1. WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE KIDDING, MR HITLER? Bud Flanagan [PAR] 2. BLUE SKIES ARE 'ROUND THE CORNER Jack Hylton and his Orchestra [PAR] 3. THE KING IS STILL IN LONDON Billy Cotton and his Band [PAR] 4. TIGGERTY BOO Joe Loss and his Orchestra [PAR] 5. KEEP YOUNG & BEAUTIFUL Harry Roy and his Orchestra [PAR] 6. IT'S A HAP-HAP-HAPPY DAY Arthur Askey, with Orchestra [PAR] 7. LET THE PEOPLE SING Geraldo and his Orchestra. Vocal by Evelyn Lane [PAR] 8. CALLING ALL WORKERS Eric Coates and Orchestra [PAR] 9. I'VE GOT MY EYES ON YOU Ambrose and his Orchestra. Vocal by Jack Cooper [PAR] 10. FOOLS RUSH IN Carroll Gibbons and his Orchestra. Vocal by Anne Lenner [PAR] 11. PENNIES FROM HEAVEN Ambrose and his Orchestra. Vocal by Sam Browne [PAR] 12. RUN RABBIT RUN Ambrose and his Orchestra. Vocal by Jack Cooper [PAR] 13. WISH ME LUCK (AS YOU WAVE ME GOODBYE) Gracie Fields [PAR] 14. THE TEDDY BEARS' PICNIC Henry Hall and his Orchestra, with Chorus [PAR] 15. THE DEVIL'S GALOP Charles Williams and his Concert Orchestra [PAR] 16. LORDS OF THE AIR Harold Williams and Orchestra [PAR] 17. ADOLF Billy Cotton and his Band [PAR] 18. I CAME, I SAW, I CONGA'D Nat Gonella and his New Georgians [PAR] 19. FOLLOW THE WHITE LINE Arthur Riscoe and Orchestra [PAR] 20. WHISTLE WHILE YOU WORK Billy Cotton and his Band [PAR] 21. HEY LITTLE HEN Bunny Doyle with Orchestra [PAR] 22. WHEN THEY SOUND THE LAST 'ALL CLEAR' Vera Lynn with Mantovani's Orchestra [PAR] 23. BLESS 'EM ALL Billy Cotton and his Band [PAR] 24. THERE'LL ALWAYS BE AN ENGLAND Jack Payne and his Orchestra. Vocal by Robert Ashley [PAR] 25. FURIOSO No. 1 The Crawford Light Orchestra [PAR] 26. WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE KIDDING, MR HITLER? (MARCH) Performed by the Grand Massed Bands [PAR] Sleevenote: [PAR] The immortal BBC television comedy series Dad's Army ran for over 80 episodes between 1968 and 1977, as well as spawning a feature film, a radio series and a West End musical. Written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft, it established Captain Mainwaring, Segeant Wilson, Corporal Jones and Privates Pike, Godfrey, Walker and Frazer as comedy legends, spawning half a dozen deathless catchphrases such as \"Don't panic!\" and \"Stupid boy\". [PAR] In addition to drawing on his own experience as a youthful Home Guard in Barnes and Watford between 1940-1943 (reflected in the character of Pike), Jimmy Perry elected to use period music rather than library material, which is often somewhat sterile. This decision was also influenced by budgetary restrictions at the BBC - and thank goodness, since the use of nostalgic vintage recordings added immeasurably to the success and popularity of the show. A BBC survey as early as 1968 confirmed that \"attention to detail and the inclusion of excerpts from wartime songs add greatly to the atmosphere of authenticity.\" [PAR] On this popular CD you will hear many of the best songs featured in the nine series filmed, as well as rare incidental music, and the immortal theme written by Jimmy Perry, and sung by Bud Flanagan. Said Jimmy Perry: \"It didn't take me long to write Mr Hitler. I often tell people that I just put together a lot of wartime songs. This isn't quite true, but once I had decided on my theme - the brave defiance of the British people against one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Bridge A Historical Bridge On River Thames | Travel ... London Bridge A Historical Bridge On River Thames | Travel Featured [PAR] London Bridge A Historical Bridge On River Thames [PAR] 1384 Views October 03, 2013 No Comments Attractions , Europe Tiffany Weekes [PAR] London Bridge refers to few historical bridges in the central London,England. These bridges have covered the distance from the River Thames. The current passage which was before made of concrete and iron supports was opened for the general traffic in 1973. Later it was out dated and has to be replaced with the new design before that it was made of timber wood bridges in fact the series of bridges. [PAR] The first overpass on London was built by the Founder of London. The present London Bridge which lies at the west point of the river of the place, located about 30 meters in opposite direction of the water flow (upstream). It has been changed from the old location of the overpass which later replaced by the new design. [PAR] Putney was opened in 1729 which was the set of series of bridges in the area before this the London Bridge was the only passing which was used to cross the river from the Thames. [PAR] [PAR] The current shape of the overpass is being looked after by an organization called, Bridge House Estates. It is a individual aid which is being supervised by the London city corporation itself. [PAR] The A3 road which is also being looked after by the local authority. The London Bridge and the adjacent towers are now being selected as the busiest business area. [PAR] The total length of the over pass is 269 meters long; its total width is 32 meters wide. The long spam area is measured as 104 meters. It was open to the general transportation back in 1973 in the month of March. [PAR] It is a fantastic place to visit. Tourist comes from all over the world to visit the great architecture which has the most historical places in the area. People can come and see the areas like, Tower, the Dungeon and Tower over pass Experience. [PAR] The place is located on these coordinates if you see on the world equator, Coordinates : 51\u00b030\u203229\u2033N 0\u00b005\u203216\u2033W. Hope you like the article which has all the basic information about the place, keep us posted with your valuable feedbacks. [PAR] Ships passing by London Bridge [PAR] London Bridge day view"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Origins of Nicknames for 20 Premier League Clubs - World ... Origins of Nicknames for 20 Premier League Clubs - World Soccer Talk [PAR] Origins of Nicknames for 20 Premier League Clubs [PAR] Origins of Nicknames for 20 Premier League Clubs [PAR] James Beckett November 15, 2010 Leagues: EPL 33 Comments [PAR] Supporters of Premier League clubs often pride themselves on their nicknames, but do you really know the origin of them? Do you know the origins of the Baggies, Gunners, Red Devils, Toffees, Trotters, Hammers, Lilywhites and Citizens? [PAR] Let\u2019s take a closer at look some of the interesting stories behind each of Premier League club\u2019s nicknames. [PAR] Arsenal \u2013 The Gunners [PAR] Like many, Arsenal\u2019s nickname goes right back to when the club was originally founded. Way back in 1886, workers at Woolwich Arsenal Armament Factory decided to form a football club called Dial Square. The club would be renamed as Woolwich Arsenal before dropping the prefix in 1913, but their original connection with the armament industry would remain and the names Gunners is now synonymous with the club. [PAR] Aston Villa \u2013 Villans [PAR] Not the most fascinating story behind this one. Formed when a local cricket team Villa Cross needed something to occupy themselves during the winter months, the name Villa inevitably evolved to Villans. [PAR] Blackburn Rovers \u2013 Rovers [PAR] Again not the most imaginable nickname. Rovers is a common team name for a side which is willing to travel distances for victory. Logically fans shortened the clubs name to Rovers. [PAR] Birmingham City \u2013 Blues [PAR] When the club was formed as Small Heath Alliance they decided the club would play in a dark blue shirt. The club would stick with these colors and the nickname Blues was born. [PAR] Blackpool \u2013 Seasiders/ Tangerines [PAR] One of several clubs to have multiple nicknames. The term Seasiders relates to the popularity of the town as a tourist resort on the North West coast, while Tangerines relates to the color of the clubs home kit. The club picked up the colors after been impressed when a club official saw a Netherlands side play. [PAR] Bolton Wanderers \u2013 Trotters [PAR] There are a few reported explanations for this one. One explanation claims that like Rovers, the term Wanderers implies a side is willing to travel great distances for victory. The term Trotters is simply a variation. Another explanation claims that the Trotters nickname originates because people from Bolton have a reputation for being practical jokers. Pranksters are known locally as Trotters. The most bizarre explanation claims that an old ground was built next to a pig farm and stray balls would end up with the pigs. [PAR] Chelsea \u2013 Pensioners [PAR] The nickname comes from the well known Chelsea Pensioners \u2013 war veterans living in a nearby hospital. In 1905 the club adopted the crest of the Chelsea pensioners, and the nickname followed on. [PAR] Everton \u2013 The Toffees [PAR] The famous nickname comes after a local sweet shop known as Mother Noblett\u2019 sold and advertised the Everton mint. The sweet shop is located opposite Prince Rupert\u2019s Tower, which forms the majority of the Everton crest. [PAR] Fulham \u2013 Cottagers [PAR] This nickname originates from the famous cottage which is an iconic part of Fulham\u2019s Craven Cottage ground. [PAR] Liverpool \u2013 The Reds [PAR] Another nickname which doesn\u2019t take two much explanation. When Liverpool adopted the city\u2019s color of red as the color of their strip, the nickname of the Reds simply followed on. [PAR] Manchester City \u2013 Citizens/ The Blues [PAR] Again not the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The World\u2019s Most Expensive Coffee Is a Cruel Cynical Scam ... The World\u2019s Most Expensive Coffee Is a Cruel Cynical Scam | TIME.com [PAR] World [PAR] The World\u2019s Most Expensive Coffee Is a Cruel Cynical Scam [PAR] For the most part, civet coffee is not harvested in the wild in limited quantities but mass produced by animals kept in appalling conditions \u2014 it's high time we stopped drinking it [PAR] Send to Kindle [PAR] Nicky Loh / Getty Images for WSPA [PAR] A civet cat kept in a cage that belongs to a kopi luwak or civet-coffee farm and caf\u00e9 in the Indonesian town of Tampaksiring, on Bali Island, on May 27, 2013 [PAR] Follow @TIMEWorld [PAR] The costliest coffee on earth has a humble proletarian beginning. As folklore has it, civet coffee, or kopi luwak in Indonesian, was discovered by plantation workers in colonized Indonesia . Forbidden from consuming coffee beans picked from the plants, they picked up, cleaned and then roasted the beans excreted by wild Asian palm civets that entered the plantations to eat the ripest coffee cherries. The civets\u2019 digestive systems gave kopi luwak a uniquely rich aroma and smooth, rounded flavor \u2014 so much so that the Dutch plantation owners soon became die-hard fans. [PAR] In the past 10 years, kopi luwak has won the hearts \u2014 and wallets \u2014 of global consumers . A cup sells for $30 to $100 in New York City and London, while 1 kg of roasted beans can fetch as much as $130 in Indonesia and five times more overseas. The ultimate in caffeine bling is civet coffee packed in a Britannia-silver and 24-carat gold-plated bag, sold at the British department store Harrods for over $10,000. The justification for these exorbitant prices? A claim that kopi luwak is sourced from wild animals and that only 500 kg of it is collected annually. The claim is largely nonsense. [PAR] While there are some ethical suppliers of hand-gathered civet coffee, recent investigations, both by journalists and animal-rights activists, have revealed a cruel and avaricious industry. To satisfy global demand, many suppliers keep captured civets in cages and feed them almost exclusively on coffee cherries. Enduring appalling living conditions and an unhealthy diet, these nocturnal omnivores suffer mental distress \u2014 incessantly pacing and gnawing on their limbs \u2014 and succumb to illness and death. These grim farms are not confined to Indonesia. Farmers elsewhere in Asia have jumped on the bandwagon. By one estimate, 50 tons of mass-produced civet coffee from Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines and China flood the market every year. [PAR] (MORE: In Laos, a Campaign to Resurrect Great Coffee ) [PAR] One of the most outspoken critics is former coffee trader Tony Wild , who imported a single kilogram of kopi luwak to the U.K. in 1991 and took pride in introducing it to the Western world. (The coffee gained wider notoriety after being featured in The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2003 and the myth of its all-natural origins was propagated in a Jack Nicholson\u2013Morgan Freeman scene in the 2007 film The Bucket List.) Wild, who witnessed horrific animal abuse while helping a BBC team investigate civet-coffee farms in Sumatra, has launched a petition and social-media campaign, \u201c Kopi Luwak: Cut the Crap ,\u201d urging customers and companies to shun the product. [PAR] \u201cThe coffee trade has conspired to turn a blind eye to the wildlife suffering in order to get this business going,\u201d says Wild, who is also the author of Coffee: A Dark History. \u201cIt is a bit of a racket.\u201d [PAR] Teguh Pribadi, founder"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How do whiskers work? | Discover Wildlife How do whiskers work? | Discover Wildlife [PAR] How do whiskers work? [PAR] Why do animals have whiskers? And how do they work? [PAR] 27th June 2012 [PAR] - [PAR] Whiskers are much more widespread and important \u2013 in both functional and evolutionary terms \u2013 than you might imagine. [PAR] These modified hairs \u2013 vibrissae \u2013 form specialised touch organs, found at some stage in the life of all mammals except monotremes (duck-billed platypus and echidnas) and humans, though we still have vestiges of the muscles once associated with vibrissae in our upper lips. [PAR] Whiskers typically grow around the nostrils and above the lips and eyes, but also on the forelegs and feet of some mammals. Manatees have them all over the head and body, but in most mammals they form an ordered pattern. [PAR] Rats \u2013 whose whiskers are the best-studied \u2013 have five rows on either side of the snout, each comprising five to nine vibrissae: shorter microvibrissae at the front, longer macrovibrissae at the rear, a little under 1mm in diameter at the base, tapering to an extremely narrow tip. In contrast, seals\u2019 whiskers are much stiffer and do not taper. [PAR] Vibrissae can be very long: up to 50mm in rats, and one-third of a chinchilla\u2019s body length. The whiskers of many carnivores, particularly aquatic and nocturnal species, are also very prominent. [PAR] Whisk assessment [PAR] So, how do they work? In essence, they function like an old-fashioned gramophone stylus. As whiskers brush an object, irregularities in the surface are translated into movements of the vibrissae; those, in turn, are detected by hundreds of motion sensors inside a heavily innervated hair follicle \u2013 rats and cats have 100\u2013200 nerve cells per whisker, seals up to 1,500. [PAR] These nerves relay detailed information about the direction, velocity and duration of vibrissal movement, thereby allowing the animal to detect the precise location, size, texture and other details of the object. [PAR] In some mammals, individual muscles allow macrovibrissae around the nose to be moved independently, whereas those elsewhere on the body cannot; neither can microvibrissae. Larger muscles move all of the whiskers together by changing the position or shape of the whisker pad. [PAR] Small rodents exhibit rapid whisker movements \u2013 in fact, the \u2018whisking\u2019 motions of rats are the fastest of any mammal. [PAR] By contrast, in larger rodents, lagomorphs and some carnivores, such \u2018vibrations\u2019 (the name derives from the Latin vibrare) are sporadic; bats, ungulates, primates and cetaceans make few whisker movements. [PAR] Food finders [PAR] Whiskers serve various purposes, but are most commonly used to locate food. Seals, for example, extend their whiskers forward to follow the hydrodynamic trails left by swimming fish. [PAR] Indeed, the vibrissae of common seals are so sensitive that they can discriminate the species \u2013 or at least the size \u2013 of their prey, and the direction in which it fled, long after it swam away. [PAR] The vibrissal sensory system of Etruscan shrews enables them to distinguish prey from non-prey in a single touch \u2013 an ability that scientists are attempting to replicate in robots. [PAR] Many terrestrial mammals can also detect air currents with their whiskers, which may warn them of approaching danger. [PAR] The body vibrissae of manatees may help to detect the movements of other animals, water currents, tidal flows and changes in the contours of the seabed in their shallow-water environment. [PAR] Whiskers are also important in indicating an animal\u2019s state of mind, and play a role in various social behaviours. But though vibrissae have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jekyll\u2019s English Gardens still impress visitors in Woodbury Jekyll\u2019s English Gardens still impress visitors in Woodbury [PAR] Jekyll\u2019s English Gardens still impress visitors in Woodbury [PAR] By John Torsiello [PAR] # Comments [PAR] John Torsiello photo Volunteers Debbie Soresino and Priscilla Price get snacks and drinks ready. [PAR] WOODBURY >> This town has a treasure that no other town or city in the United States can claim: a surviving garden designed by Gertrude Jekyll, an influential British horticulturalist, garden designer, artist and writer. Jekyll, who established a trend toward the classic English cottage garden, created more than 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States and wrote over 1,000 articles for magazines. [PAR] While Jekyll, who died at the age of 89 in 1932, designed hundreds of gardens, only three apparently were in the United States, with the only surviving one being the Gertrude Jekyll Gardens that frame the outside of the Glebe House and Museum on Hollow Road. In 1926, the English horticultural designer and writer was commissioned to plan an old-fashioned garden to enhance a newly created museum. It\u2019s a modest garden, especially by English standards. The Gertrude Jekyll Gardens in Woodbury include 600 feet of classic English-style mixed border and foundation plantings, a planted stone terrace and an intimate rose allee (lined walkway). [PAR] The garden remains somewhat of a mystery, not for when it was commissioned or installed or who the designer was, but because it took over 50 years for the plans of Jekyll to bloom. For reasons unknown today, the garden was never fully installed in the 1920s and its existence was forgotten. After the rediscovery of the plans in the late 1970s, a project to finally install the gardens began in earnest and was completed in 1988, according to the original plans. [PAR] \u201cThere was some discussions on whether it should be installed or not,\u201d explained Debbie Soresino, a volunteer who helps maintain the gardens along with another 10 or so individuals on a regular basis and who was at the gardens to conduct tours Sunday \u2014 part of Connecticut Historic Gardens Day. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] \u201cThe Glebe House was restored to replicate a home of the Revolutionary War period and some felt the Jekyll garden, the plans of which were drawn up 150 years later, would not fit with the property. But the idea eventually carried the day,\u201d likely because Jekyll is such a historic figure and her Woodbury garden would be the only opportunity to view one of her creations in the U.S. [PAR] Many of her gardens have been lost, although a small number have been restored, including her own garden at Unsteady Wood. She was awarded the Victoria Medal of Honor of the Royal Horticultural Society and the Vetch Memorial Medal of the Society. Also, in 1929, she was given the George Robert White Medal of Honor of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. [PAR] The Glebe House was built about 1750 and was saved by the Seabury Society for the Preservation of the Glebe House, which repaired the building, began collecting furniture and raised funds to ensure continued operations as a museum. The Glebe House was restored in 1923 under the direction of William Henry Kent, a pioneer of early American decorative arts, and opened its doors to the public in 1925. [PAR] Both the Glebe House and the Gertrude Jekyll Gardens are included in the Connecticut Antiquarian & Landmarks Society, a statewide network of 12 significant historic properties that span three centuries of New England history. The organization was established in 1936 to acquire"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dido | New Music And Songs - MTV Artists Dido | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Dido [PAR] About Dido [PAR] The electronic pop chanteuse Dido entered London's Guildhall School of Music at age six; by the time she reached her teens, the budding musician had already mastered piano, violin, and recorder. After touring with a British classical ensemble, she accepted a publishing job. Meanwhile, she sang with a series of local groups before joining the trip-hop outfit Faithless -- helmed by her older brother, the noted DJ and producer Rollo -- in 1995. The group released its debut album, Reverence, the following year. It went on to sell over five million copies worldwide, and Dido parlayed her newfound success into a solo deal with Arista Records. [PAR] Dido's ethereal solo material combined elements of acoustic pop and electronica. She released her debut LP, No Angel, in mid-1999, and supported the release by joining the Lilith Fair tour that summer. However, her biggest break arrived in 2000, when rap superstar Eminem sampled one of her tracks, \"Thank You,\" for the chorus of his hit single \"Stan.\" The result was a surprisingly touching song, and demand for the Dido original quickly escalated. \"Thank You\" became a Top Five smash in early 2001, as did the accompanying No Angel, whose album sales topped 12 million copies worldwide by the time Dido returned to the spotlight two years later. [PAR] In September 2003, she released her long-awaited follow-up, Life for Rent. This sophomore effort was layered with personal hardship and heartbreak, marking some of Dido's more honest material yet. An eagerly anticipated record, it became one of the fastest-selling albums in U.K. history, quickly going multi-platinum at home while also moving several million copies in America. Following a world tour, Dido once again retreated from the public eye in 2005 to work on her third solo release. Safe Trip Home arrived in 2008, featuring collaborations with Brian Eno, Mick Fleetwood, and Citizen Cope. Shortly after this, she recorded the single \"Everything to Lose,\" which subsequently appeared on the Sex and the City 2 soundtrack. In 2011, she worked with producer A.R Rahman on the single \"If I Rise\" and began work on her fourth studio album, Girl Who Got Away, with producers Rollo Armstrong and Jeff Bhasker, as well as guest producer Brian Eno on the track \"Day Before We Went to War.\" Described by herself as a \"big, fun electronic extravaganza,\" the album was scheduled for release in early 2013 ~ Jason Ankeny, Rovi"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bankstown Airport, New South Wales - Postcodes Australia Postcode for Bankstown Airport, New South Wales (near Sydney) - Postcodes Australia [PAR] State: New South Wales (capital: Sydney - 21km away) [PAR] Nearest Urban Centre: Sydney, NSW (21km away) [PAR] Area Code: 02 (+61 2 from overseas) [PAR] Time Zone: AEST - Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10), AEDT - Australian Eastern Daylight Time (UTC+11) [PAR] Current Time: 18/01/2017 11:10:52 am [PAR] Nearest Train Station: Panania Station (3.5km away) [PAR] Nearest Hotels:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Larry Lurex Story - %name% Net Worth Larry Lurex Story - Freddie Mercury Net Worth [PAR] Larry Lurex Story [PAR] Read more... [PAR] Freddie Mercury [PAR] Freddie Mercury Net Worth is $100 Million. Freddie Mercury was born in Zanzibar and has an estimated net worth of $100 million dollars. As the lead singer and songwriter with the hugely successful British band, Queen, Freddie Mercury wrote many hit. Freddie Mercury (born Farrok... [PAR] Freddie Mercury Net Worth is $100 Million. [PAR] Freddie Mercury Net Worth is $100 Million. Freddie Mercury was born in Zanzibar and has an estimated net worth of $100 million dollars. As the lead singer and songwriter with the hugely successful British band, Queen, Freddie Mercury wrote many hit Freddie Mercury , 5 September 1946 - 24 November 1991) was a British musician, singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the rock band Queen. As a performer, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and powerful vocals over a four-octave range. As a songwriter, Mercury composed many hits for Queen, including \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", \"Killer Queen\", \"Somebody to Love\", \"Don't Stop Me Now\", \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\" and \"We Are the Champions\". In addition to his work with Queen, he led a solo career, and also occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists. He died of bronchopneumonia brought on by AIDS on 24 November 1991, only one day after publicly acknowledging he had the disease. [PAR] Mercury was a Parsi born in Zanzibar and grew up there and in India until his mid-teens. He has been referred to as \"Britain's first Asian rock star\". In 2002, Mercury was placed ...[DOC] [TLE] Smile & Larry Lurex (Pre-Queen) \u2013 Queenvinyls.com Smile & Larry Lurex (Pre-Queen) \u2013 Queenvinyls.com [PAR] Search [PAR] Smile & Larry Lurex (Pre-Queen) [PAR] Smile were a London-based blues rock band best known as the predecessor to renowned rock band Queen. The band was formed in 1968 by Brian May, who was to become Queen\u2019s guitarist. The group included Tim Staffell as singer and bassist, and, later, drummer Roger Taylor, who also went on to play for Queen. They only recorded six songs. The group disbanded in 1970. [PAR] Larry Lurex was an artist name used by Freddie Mercury for a musical project by Trident Studios\u2019 house engineer Robin Geoffrey Cable, in 1972. [PAR] The name is a pun on the stage name of glam rock star Gary Glitter and the metallic yarn Lurex. [PAR] Cable was experimenting with re-creating the \u201cWall of Sound\u201d style favoured by Phil Spector. He recorded cover versions of the following two songs: [PAR] \u2013 \u201cI Can Hear Music\u201d (written by Jeff Barry, Ellie Greenwich and Phil Spector, which had been a hit for The Ronettes and The Beach Boys) [PAR] \u2013 \u201cGoin\u2019 Back\u201d (written by Carole King and Gerry Goffin, which had been a hit for Dusty Springfield and The Byrds ) [PAR] Cable enlisted singer Freddie Mercury from the band Queen to perform lead vocals on these tracks (Queen were recording their debut album in Trident Studios at the time). Mercury in turn suggested bringing his band-mates Roger Taylor and Brian May to add percussion, guitar and backing vocals to the recordings. [PAR] The tracks were released as a 7\u2033 vinyl single on EMI in 1973 (catalogue number EMI 2030); it did not chart in the UK, but it did manage to hit #115 on the US Bubbling Under The Hot 100 chart. This pre-dated the release of the first Queen album. They have subsequently been included on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dodo Bird | History, Story and Resources for Dodobirds The Dodo Bird | History, Story and Resources for Dodobirds [PAR] The Story of the Dodo Bird [PAR] A Reference Site for The Dodo Bird and it's History [PAR] The Dodo bird or Raphus Cucullatus was a flightless bird native to the island of Mauritius, near the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The closest relatives to the dodo bird are pigeons and doves, even though dodo birds were much larger in size. On average, dodo birds stood 3 feet tall and weighted about 40 lb. Unfortunately, due to aggressive human population, dodo birds became extinct in late 17th century. [PAR] The Dodo Bird Location [PAR] Dodo Birds, while now extinct, were found only on the small island of Mauritius, some 500 miles east of Madagascar, and 1200 miles east of Africa. [PAR] The complete isolation of this island let the Dodo Birds grow and evolve without natural predators, unfortunately to a fault that led to their extinction."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? [PAR] \u00bb The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? [PAR] The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents? [PAR] By Murray Bourne , 16 Dec 2008 [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree [PAR] Most people wrongly believe that the '12 Days of Christmas' refers to the days before Christmas. However, it's really the period starting on Christmas day and finishing with the Epiphany (January 6th, when the 3 kings from 'the East' brought gifts). [PAR] You may be familiar with the Christmas song, The 12 Days of Christmas. The first few lines go like this: [PAR] On the first day of Christmas, [PAR] my true love sent to me [PAR] A partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the second day of Christmas, [PAR] my true love sent to me [PAR] Two turtle doves, [PAR] And a partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] On the third day of Christmas, [PAR] my true love sent to me [PAR] Three French hens, [PAR] Two turtle doves, [PAR] And a partridge in a pear tree. [PAR] The song continues, adding 4 calling birds on the 4th day, 5 golden rings on the 5th, and so on up to the 12th day, when 12 drummers add to the cacophony of assorted birds, pipers and lords leaping all over the place. [PAR] Notice that on each day there is one partridge (so I will have 12 partridges by the 12th day), and each day from the second day onwards there are 2 doves (so I will have 22 doves), and from the 3rd there are 3 hens (total of 30 hens), and so on. [PAR] So, how many presents are there altogether? [PAR] Partridges: 1 \u00d7 12 = 12 [PAR] Calling birds: 4 \u00d7 9 = 36 [PAR] Golden rings: 5 \u00d7 8 = 40 [PAR] Geese: 6 \u00d7 7 = 42 [PAR] Drummers: 12 \u00d7 1 = 12 [PAR] Total = 364 [PAR] We observe that we have the same number of partridges as drummers (12 of each); doves and pipers (22 of each); hens and lords (30 of each) and so on. So the easiest way to count our presents is to add up to the middle of the list and then double the result: (12 + 22 + 30 + 36 + 40 + 42) \u00d7 2 = 364. [PAR] Efficiently counting the presents [PAR] What if we have more than 12 days? How many presents then? [PAR] Let's now generalize the above result just in case out true love decides to be extraordinarily generous and keeps on giving us gifts - up to 100 days, say. (Multiplying and adding could get quite tedious.) [PAR] Mathematically speaking, my true love is giving me 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n presents on the n-th day after Christmas. [PAR] The number of presents each day is 1 on the 1st, then 3 on the 2nd, then 6 on the 3rd, then 10 on the 4th. We call this set of numbers the triangular numbers, because they can be drawn in a dot pattern that forms triangles: [PAR] To get the total number of presents, we need to add those triangular numbers, like this: [PAR] 1 (on the first day) + 3 (on the 2nd day) + 6 + 10 + ... [PAR] Another way of writing this is: [PAR] On the first day, 1 present. [PAR] On the 2nd day, 1 + 3 = 4 presents [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The sublime Allan Smethurst | Malcolm Redfellow's Home Service The sublime Allan Smethurst | Malcolm Redfellow's Home Service [PAR] The sublime Allan Smethurst [PAR] We start with the station ident. of Anglia Television, in its original monochrome. Remember: all those sophisticated computer manipulations, of which the BBC and others are so fond, started here: with a silver hunting trophy on a roundtable, rotating to the sound of Handel (adapted by Malcolm Sargent). A quick trip down memory lane, showing how a decent piece of silverware, representative of sound local values, was corrupted and corroded into yet another of those meaningless corporate logos is available here. [PAR] That previous post earned response from Doubting Thomas, this blog\u2019s other reader, reminding Malcolm of: [PAR] the Singing Postman\u2019s song about a nice loaf of bread. [PAR] Sadly, that reference would go unrecognised and uncelebrated by the vast plurality of the world\u2019s ignorance. [PAR] The best resort is the Guardian\u2018s obituary , just after Christmas, 2000: [PAR] The Singing Postman, Allan Smethurst, who has died aged 73, was well known in the late 1960s for his Norfolk dialect songs such as Hev Yew Gotta Loight, Boy? and Moind Yer Hid, Boy. [PAR] Born in Lincolnshire, he moved with his mother and stepfather to Sheringham, in Norfolk, at the age of 11. A George Formby fan and self-taught guitarist, after joining the post office in 1953 he began to write comic, yet closely observed, songs about rural life, which he sang in a heavily accented Norfolk voice. The subject matter ranged from the village cricket match and the ladies darts team to mass-produced food (Oi Can\u2019t Git A Noice Loaf). [PAR] Superficially, these were quaint parodies, but they were popular in East Anglia itself, an indication that Smethurst\u2019s compatriots identified with this affectionate portrait of their idiosyncrasies. The Guardian\u2019s Dennis Barker called him \u201ca bookishly melancholy folk-satirist\u201d. [PAR] Thet go arn a bit: [PAR] Smethurst first found a regional audience through appearances on BBC Radio Norfolk\u2019s Wednesday morning magazine show. The presenter, Ralph Tuck, the owner of a family firm of seed merchants, gave him the sobriquet \u201cthe Singing Postman\u201d, and, when record companies showed no interest, financed the pressing of 100 copies of a four-song vinyl disc in 1964. It was distributed in East Anglia, and sold more than 10,000 in four months. The regional press breathlessly announced that the Singing Postman was outselling the Beatles and the Rolling Stones in Norfolk record shops. [PAR] So click, and enjoy : [PAR] That ought to have taken you to the UEA\u2019s film archive, and a short Ralph Tuck feature on Smethurst. [PAR] There are all sorts of ironies about Smethurst as \u201cnormal for Norfolk\u201d. He was by birth a Yellow Belly from Lincolnshire, with roots in North Norfolk. He worked as that iconic rural postman around Lavenham, in Suffolk. None of the images in the film are of Norfolk: the baker is in Stowmarket, the pub in Stowupland \u2014 just to the east of Stowmarket, and the fairground up on the Lincolnshire coast. Smethurst\u2019s accent is exaggerated, rather stage-y \u2014 but, when Malcolm\u2019s ear was better, he reckoned he could hear the unconscious shifts around the linguistic map (and the East Anglian accent varies considerably: some count as many as eight Norfolk varieties). [PAR] What is also of interest in that short film is listening to the narrator, Ralph Tuck. His is the middle-class, educated Norfolk voice. [PAR] Tuck was a comfortably-off seed-merchant (better believe it!) who lived at Reydon, on the Halesworth Road out of Southwold. His house is now a B&B\u2014cum\u2014hotel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colors of Heraldry - Knowledge Base, HouseofNames.com Colors of Heraldry - Knowledge Base, HouseofNames.com [PAR] Colors of Heraldry [PAR] Gules (Red) [PAR] Red, with the former name of Belic, is the military colour for excellence and fortitude. Red corresponds to the metal copper and is denoted in engravings by numerous perpendicular lines. It also represents fire and summer. Ancient laws restricted its use to princes and their families. Red is symbolic of nobility, boldness and ferocity. [PAR] Purpure (Purple) [PAR] Purple is a rare colour in early rolls of arms. In heraldic terms it is referred to as \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdpurpure.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd This is the traditional colour of kings and royalty, and therefore, signifies justice and majesty. In engravings, it is expressed by lines in bend sinister, or slanting to the left. [PAR] Tawny (Orange) [PAR] An orange is the name given to a tawny roundle, a roundle being any circular charge of colour or metal. It is supposed to represent a tennis ball. Tennis was once a game played strictly by royalty and nobles and the orange indicates that the bearer was a member of that class; however, the orange is seldom met in heraldry. [PAR] Azure (blue) [PAR] Blue was called \"azure\" by heralds, and represents the colour of an eastern sky on a clear day. It also corresponds to the metal tin. The word, \"azure\" was introduced from the east during the Crusades. It signifies piety and sincerity, and is equated with autumn. In engravings it is represented by horizontal lines. [PAR] Sable (black) [PAR] Black, the coldest of the colours, corresponds to lead. Black, or \"sable,\" is symbolic of sadness. It also corresponds with winter and is a humble color, suitable for the deeply religious. It denotes the qualities of knowledge, piety, serenity and work. Engravers represent it with numerous horizontal and vertical lines crossing each other. [PAR] Vert (green) [PAR] Green, or in heraldic terms, \"vert,\" signifies felicity and pleasure. It was symbolic of joy, youth and beauty. Green was also associated with the spring. The bearer of the green is obliged to defend the peasant and all who work on the land. It is expressed in engravings by lines in bend, or slanting to the right."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About the Kodiak Brown Bear Center About the Kodiak Brown Bear Center [PAR] About the Kodiak Brown Bear Center [PAR] Welcome to our home. [PAR] Welcome to Kodiak Island, home of the Kodiak Brown Bear Center. Kodiak Island\u2019s rich geologic history is evident in the dramatic peaks, deep blue fjords, and emerald valleys that characterize this stunning archipelago like none other on Earth. [PAR] The island of Kodiak was sculpted for millennia by glaciers. As the crushing expanse of ice retreated 12,000 years ago, it left breathtaking expanses of land that exhibit the indelible mark of the last ice age. Kodiak Island is the second-largest island in the United States, and Karluk Lake is the largest lake on the island. At 12 miles (19 km) long, 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, and 457 feet deep (139.4 m), Karluk Lake is the vibrant cornerstone of southwest Kodiak\u2019s ecosystem. Karluk Lake forms the headwaters of the Karluk River, which runs 22 river miles (35 km) through the lush foothills of the Karluk River Valley into Shelikof Straits. [PAR] This watershed supports five species of Pacific salmon, abundant wildlife, multitude of birds, and generations of Native Alutiiq people dependent upon the salmon\u2019s return. Karluk Lake has a rich history of teaching its people about Kodiak Island. The first inhabitants were the Alutiiq (Ah-LOO-tik) people, who initially settled here approximately 7,500 years ago. Karluk served as a classroom for the Alutiiq by teaching them how to survive, thrive, and coexist with the land while using it to sustain their families. Today, the small villages of Karluk and Larsen Bay are all that remain of the once thriving Karluk population of Alutiiq people, and these Native communities are still dependent upon this area\u2019s natural resources and abundance of salmon for their livelihood and existence. [PAR] The cultural heritage of the Alutiiq people lives on today through their Regional Native Corporation, Koniag, Incorporated , which is the owner and operator of the Kodiak Brown Bear Center. Koniag is one of the Native Corporations created by Congress through the passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) in 1971 to settle Alaskan Native aboriginal claims, and benefit Alaskan Native shareholders. The core values of Koniag stem from its shareholders\u2019 Alutiiq culture, and serves to guide the Corporation\u2019s operations and financial endeavors. The Corporation remains deeply rooted in the defining traditional core values of community strength, stewardship of natural resources, and importance of personal integrity and character. [PAR] The Kodiak Brown Bear Center\u2019s home is on Camp Island, located in the center of Karluk Lake, and is just a short boat ride away from some of the best brown bear habitats remaining on the planet. Our program represents Alaska bear viewing at its best including the fusion of thousands of years of traditional Alutiiq wisdom with modern scientific knowledge. [PAR] We are building a collaborative program to continue the Alutiiq heritage of learning from the land in order to continue the stewardship of our resources so that future generations will have the same opportunities we enjoy today. Through sharing this experience with you, we hope to perpetuate Karluk Lake\u2019s tradition of serving as a classroom, and your participation \u2013 whether as a bear viewer , a professional wildlife photographer or scientist \u2013 as you continue our quest to better understand and respect his great island. [PAR] History of the Brown Bear Center [PAR] Koniag\u2019s lands in the Karluk Lake and River drainage represent the backbone and bedrock of our native Alutiiq culture and heritage. This is where our ancestors lived for millennia, until they were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fireball XL5 - The Full Wiki Fireball XL5 - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Fireball XL5 [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Fireball XL5 [PAR] 25 mins approx. per episode [PAR] (excluding advertisements) [PAR] Original run [PAR] 28 October 1962 (1962-10-28) \u2013 October 27, 1963 (1963-10-27) [PAR] Fireball XL5 is a science fiction-themed children's television show following the missions of spaceship Fireball XL5, commanded by Colonel Steve Zodiac of the World Space Patrol. The show was made in 1962 by the husband and wife team of Gerry and Sylvia Anderson through their company APF in association with ATV for ITC Entertainment . [PAR] The show featured the Andersons' Supermarionation marionettes , a form of puppetry first introduced in Four Feather Falls (1960) and used again in their subsequent shows such as Thunderbirds and Captain Scarlet . Thirty-nine black and white half-hour episodes were made on 35mm film : all future Anderson series would be produced in colour. [PAR] A very similar programme often confused with Fireball XL5 is Space Patrol (known as Planet Patrol in the US) due to a number of similarities and settings. [PAR] The complete series is available on DVD in the UK, Australia and the US. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 10 External links [PAR] Setting [PAR] Set between the years 2062 and 2063, the series features the missions of spaceship Fireball XL5, commanded by Colonel Steve Zodiac of the World Space Patrol. The crew includes the glamorous Doctor Venus, middle-aged navigator and engineer Professor Matthew Matic, and co-pilot Robert the Robot , notable for being transparent . Robert was also unique as the only character in an Anderson series that was actually voiced by Gerry Anderson himself, albeit with the aid of an artificial larynx . [PAR] Fireball XL5 is based at Space City, located on an unnamed island in the South Pacific , headquarters of the World Space Patrol headed by Commander Zero. Zero is assisted by Lieutenant Ninety. For some unspecified reason the 25-storey T-shaped control tower at Space City rotates; in one episode the alien creature Zoonie the Lazoon inadvertently makes it rotate fast enough for those inside to suffer from vertigo. The patrol rocket Fireball XL5 takes off utilising a mile-long launch rail which culminates in a 40 degree incline, or sky ramp, which Anderson claims was inspired by an old Soviet design, a concept also used in the film When Worlds Collide . [PAR] There is a fleet of at least 30 'Fireball XL' ships (an XL30 is referred to in The Firefighters episode), of which XL5 is the most famous. The ship itself is made up of two detachable sections. The winged nose cone, known as Fireball Junior contains the cockpit and separates from the main body to land on other worlds. The rest of the ship contains the navigation bay, laboratory, a huge lounge, workshops and separate crews quarters, along with the fuel and main nutomic rocket motors for interstellar travel. It would generally keep station in orbit after arriving at an alien planet. When Fireball XL5 returns to Space City the whole ship lands vertically (ie without separating). [PAR] Fireball XL5 patrols Sector 25 of charted interstellar space (nb. There only appear to be three sectors marked on the space chart seen in the Space"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About GBGB - gbgb.org.uk | GBGB About GBGB [PAR] About GBGB [PAR] Annual Report 2015 [PAR] About GBGB [PAR] The Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB) is the body with responsibility for the governance, regulation and management of the sport of licensed greyhound racing in England, Scotland and Wales. [PAR] Effective and operational from 1st January 2009, the GBGB is a single, unified body that has taken on the functions of both the British Greyhound Racing Board and the National Greyhound Racing Club. [PAR] The GBGB is a centre for governance, regulation and welfare as well as a lead for commercial development and growth of the sport. It is committed to managing its functions to the highest standards achievable and being efficient, effective and accountable to those that it licenses, and the public. [PAR] The Donoughue Report [PAR] In 2007, Government gave the sport clear riding instructions with regard to self regulation. It made clear that it required radical and substantial reform and root and branch changes if the sport is to retain its self-regulatory framework. [PAR] Greyhound racing took this instruction on board and the British Greyhound Racing Board and National Greyhound Racing Club jointly commissioned the eminent Labour peer, Lord Bernard Donoughue, to carry out an independent review of the greyhound racing industry in Britain. Lord Donoughue was assisted by Patrick Nixon, Secretary of the Bookmakers Committee at the Horserace Betting Levy Board, Clarissa Baldwin (Chief Executive of the Dogs Trust), Jim Cremin (former Greyhound Editor of the Racing Post) and Jim Donnelly (Head of Sport at PA Sport). [PAR] Lord Donoughue\u2019s report was published in November 2007. A full version can be read at greyhounds-donoughue-report . In summary, the comprehensive report recommended that the sport should remain self-regulated but should create a new single entity to conduct the governance, administration, finance and regulation of greyhound racing. Lord Donoughue also made thirty six other recommendations designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of regulation and raise welfare standards still further."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American Businessman to Save Rangers? - Bleacher Report American Businessman Bill Miller Swoops in to Save Glasgow Rangers | Bleacher Report [PAR] American Businessman Bill Miller Swoops in to Save Glasgow Rangers [PAR] By Will Tidey , Senior Manager, Global [PAR] May 3, 2012 [PAR] Use your \u2190 \u2192 (arrow) keys to browse more stories [PAR] Ian Walton/Getty Images [PAR] 10 [PAR] Comments [PAR] American businessman Bill Miller is poised to become the new owner of Scotland's most successful football club, Glasgow Rangers , after it was announced he was \" the preferred bidder .\" [PAR] If Miller's takeover is successful, he'll have the task of saving Rangers from financial ruin and rescuing a 140-year-old football institution from the darkest days of its long and storied history\u2014and potential oblivion. [PAR] Rangers have been Scottish champions 54 times. They've won 33 Scottish Cups. They have an estimated worldwide fanbase of 5.5 million and a stadium that holds over 50,000. [PAR] But despite their grand tradition and widespread affection, Rangers have struggled to balance the books in recent years. [PAR] They've also fallen victim to spectacular financial mismanagement and now find themselves facing a 12-month transfer embargo , \u00a3160,000 fine and a 10-point deduction in the Scottish Premier League after falling into administration. [PAR] Ian Walton/Getty Images [PAR] The points deduction cost Rangers their shot at winning the title this season, leaving their great rivals Celtic clear to stroll home and heap further misery on the Gers' distraught fans. [PAR] Much of the blame has been laid at the door of former owner Craig Whyte, who bought the club for \u00a31 in May 2011 on the condition he paid off its outstanding \u00a318 million debt. [PAR] Whyte was good to his word, but it turns out he covertly used proceeds from future ticket sales to clear what was owed. He has subsequently been handed a life ban by the Scottish Football Association and fined \u00a3200,000. [PAR] Taxes eventually caught up with Whyte and Rangers. In February the UK authority, Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC), demanded the club act to clear \u00a39 million owing in unpaid taxes during Whyte's reign at Ibrox. [PAR] Rangers appointed administrators Duff & Phelps to deal with the situation and they are now seeking to find a suitable bidder. [PAR] Among the interested parties so far have been a consortium backed by fans called \"The Blue Knights\" and a Singaporean group fronted by businessman Bill Ng. But it appears Miller's bid is now in pole position. [PAR] This from Rangers' official website : [PAR] Bill Miller is on course to become the new owner of Rangers after being granted preferred bidder status today (Thursday) by administrators Duff & Phelps. [PAR] After weeks of negotiations and discussions, the administrators have announced that the hugely successful American businessman now has the opportunity to complete a purchase for the club. [PAR] Said Duff & Phelps representative Paul Clark: [PAR] We would like to thank all parties for their efforts in seeking to submit bids which preserve the long history and success of the Club. [PAR] We are delighted to announce that today we have received an unconditional bid for the business and assets of Rangers Football Club plc from Mr Bill Miller which has been accepted and he is now the preferred bidder. Mr Miller now proposes to complete his transaction by the end of the season. [PAR] Not much seems to be known about Miller outside the fact he is chairman of Miller Industries , who bill themselves as \"the world's largest manufacturer of towing and recovery"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Penguin (comics) - Villains Wiki - Wikia Penguin (comics) | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Supervillain, Archenemy, Mobster [PAR] \u201c [PAR] The world thinks I am dead, the richest spoils in Gotham await me, and you want to cut yourself a slice of the action? -- You must learn, my ghoulish friend, the Penguin flies ever alone!! [PAR] \u201e [PAR] ~ The Penguin. [PAR] The Penguin is one of Batman's oldest foes. He relies heavily on gadgets, since he doesn't have any superpowers. His real name is Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot. He feels the need to prove himself, because of his somewhat eccentric appearance. Although the Penguin doesn't seem to have any real powers, he appears to be somewhat of a knowledgeable scientist, as his umbrella doubles as a small helicopter device that he uses to fly the skies of Gotham and a pistol concealed in his umbrella. He also uses his umbrella to take down Batman. He owns a nightclub called the Iceberg Lounge which often provides cover for criminals, which Batman can actually tolerate provided he gets information on the criminal underworld. Unlike most of Batman's foes, he is not insane. [PAR] Also in the movie Batman Returns, He leads a gang of mischeivous criminals and circus performers called the Circus Gang and tried to take over Gotham City by officially becoming the town's new mayor. [PAR] Contents [PAR] A younger version of Penguin appears in the television series Gotham, where he appears as one of the series' antagonists. He is played by Robin Lord Taylor. [PAR] Batman: Assault on Arkham [PAR] Penguin appears in Batman: Assault on Arkham, voiced again by Nolan North. He is hired by Amanda Waller to give the Suicide Squad arms, equipment, and shelter in his Iceberg Lounge for the night prior to their mission to infiltrate Arkham Asylum and take out the Riddler. He appears to have worked with Deadshot before and respects him as the city's best assassin, as he chooses to only work with the best, and he holds a grudge against the Joker and Harley Quinn for their having sunk a truck of his cigarettes \"just for a laugh.\" [PAR] Batman: Bad Blood [PAR] The Penguin briefly appears at the end of the film Batman: Bad Blood in a non-speaking role. Penguin is seen in a car escaping from the cops in a high speed chase. The Bat Family flies down to pursue him. [PAR] Batman Telltale series [PAR] Oswald Cobblepot appears in the Telltale video game series for Batman. This version is tall, thin and handsome (unlike his comic book counterpart) and is the same age as Bruce Wayne, with the pair of them being childhood friends. [PAR] Statistics [PAR] First Appearance: Detective Comics #58 (December, 1941) [PAR] In other media [PAR] The penguin has made appearances in the Cartoon Network show MAD. He gave a safety PSA in episode 11, was shopping in a villain warehouse in episode 20, and was seen at a restaurant in episode 32. [PAR] Holy Musical Batman [PAR] The Penguin was one of the rogues who worked with Sweet Tooth to destroy the Batman, and put nuclear Warheads into the city's water supply. At first he didn't like the homicidal candy themed criminal, when he interuppted the Rogues Councils' meeting in destroying the Bat, but after Sweet Tooth killed Chilly Willy with his lollipop to express his villainy, he said, \"Ladies and gentlemen, put your flippers together for the NEW king of crime in Gotham.\" Which resulted in him having some humility. [PAR] Quotes [PAR] \"Kiss my little"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How high are the hurdles? - High School Track Coach How high are the hurdles? [PAR] How high are the hurdles? [PAR] Hurdles | 0 comments [PAR] Hurdles should have 5 different heights that they can be set at. Each one of these heights is used for a different race or age group. The easiest way to explain the hurdle height is in inches (if you are from the United States). The hurdles can be adjusted anywhere from 42 inches down to 30 inches. When you change a setting on the hurdle it will adjust the height of the hurdle by 3 inches either up or down. [PAR] As you go throughout your coaching career you may hear the hurdle heights described in other ways besides simply saying the height in inches. Many times you will hear the heights referred to using the terms Low (30 inches), Women\u2019s (33 inches), Intermediate (36 inches), High School Highs (39 inches), and Open (42 inches). [PAR] The low hurdle height is used for the women\u2019s 300/400 meter hurdle race. In my area it is also occasionally used for the women\u2019s 100 meter hurdle races for the junior varsity level. The women\u2019s height is used for the 100 meter hurdles. Women run this height in high school all the way through to the Olympic level. The intermediate height is used for the men\u2019s 300/400 hurdle races. They use this height from high school to the Olympic level. The high school highs are used for the boy\u2019s 110 meter hurdle race at the high school level. The last height is the open height which is used for the men\u2019s 110 meter hurdle races at the college and Olympic levels. [PAR] Teaching your athletes these heights and terminology is very important. Doing so will allow you to get things set up a lot quicker. If you tell them to set the hurdles up at the intermediate height then they should know exactly where to set the hurdles up and which height to set them on. Having your athletes set the hurdles up allows them to get more work accomplished because multiple athletes can get them set up correctly faster than you can by yourself. Teaching your hurdlers this terminology is something that I try to do in the first week of hurdling and I recommend you do the same. [PAR] Search for:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to Lexulous - It's the fun word game you can play ... Welcome to Lexulous - It's the fun word game you can play online. For free! [PAR] - Play online with friends or other players [PAR] - Option to play over emails as well [PAR] - Also play solo / against the PC, sign up now! [PAR] Welcome to Lexulous! [PAR] Lexulous a fun word game for all ages. [PAR] Sign up to play. It's free and always will be. [PAR] [PAR] Try a game with Lex Robot [PAR] We\u2019ve already started the game below, it\u2019s your turn! [PAR] To play Lexulous live, match friends, or play with random opponents, sign up now >> [PAR] Loading game, please wait..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Banque de France | French national bank | Britannica.com Banque de France | French national bank | Britannica.com [PAR] French national bank [PAR] Alternative Title: Bank of France [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] bank [PAR] Banque de France, national bank of France , created in 1800 to restore confidence in the French banking system after the financial upheavals of the revolutionary period. Headquarters are in Paris . [PAR] The bank listed among its founding shareholders Napoleon Bonaparte , members of his family, and several leading personalities of the time. Founded partly with state funds, but mainly with private capital, the bank was closely connected with the state from the beginning. The French government claimed a participation in the control of the bank through the appointment of the governor and two deputy governors, while the shareholders were represented by a board of 15 regents elected by the 200 largest shareholders. [PAR] The bank was initially granted the exclusive privilege to issue bank notes in Paris for a period of 15 years; it was later authorized to establish discount offices in towns where commercial requirements made this necessary, and it was subsequently empowered to exercise its privileges, including the privilege of note issue, in the towns where discount offices were established. Its note-issue privilege was extended to cover the whole of France in 1848 as a result of the transformation of nine provincial banks with note-issuing powers into branches of the bank. In 1946 the bank was nationalized, and its note-issue privilege was extended for an indefinite period. [PAR] Statutes approved in 1973 placed greater power with the bank\u2019s general council and gave the French minister of finance control over Banque de France\u2019s dividend payments and other uses of the bank\u2019s profits. The bank was privatized in 1993, a step taken partly in preparation for France\u2019s participation in the European Monetary System, whose member countries converted to a single currency, the euro, in 1999. Banque de France is a member of the European Central Bank . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] The banque de france's monopole established in 1803 the Banque de Frances monopole established in 1803 was by - ECON - V0801 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] P. Baubeau \u2013 Banque de France\u2019s balance sheets SEEMHN 10 th Conference, Oct. 2015 4 daily balance sheets of the Banque, nor, for the time being (but they have been typed) the bi- yearly published balance sheets from 1801 to 1840. Table 1 \u2013 Banque de France\u2019s balance sheet\u2019s accounting sequences Period Frequency Number of Assets items Number of Liability items 1840-1847 Quarterly 19 13 1848-1852 Weekly 41 35 1852-1864 Monthly 30 22 1864-1869 Weekly 20 14 1870-1880 Weekly 41 21 1881-1898 Weekly 28 19 1898-1928 Weekly 35 21 1928-1938 Weekly 24 11 1938-1949 Weekly 29 11 1950-1974 Weekly 35 11 1974-1984 Weekly 26 13 1985-1988 Weekly 25 11 1988-1995 Weekly 22 16 1996-1998 Weekly 15 14 II. The origins and motivations for the publication of the Banque de France\u2019s balance sheets 2.1. A long reluctance to transparency, 1800-1840 The publicity of the Banque de France\u2019s balance sheets was imposed from its inception, as indicated by the \u201cprimitive statutes\u201d dated February 13 th 1800, which stated that during the shareholders annual meeting should be presented the \u201csummarized account of the previous year operations\u201d (art. 14). The \u201cfundamental statutes\u201d (which more or less governed the Banque de France until 1974) of 1808 entrusted the General Council (the Board) with the establishment of the \u201cyearly account\u201d of the Banque\u2019s operations (art. 39) which had to be [PAR] P. Baubeau \u2013 Banque de"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vera Drake (2004) - IMDb Vera Drake (2004) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 29 December 2016 2:33 AM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $3.99 (HD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Abortionist Vera Drake finds her beliefs and practices clash with the mores of 1950s Britain--a conflict that leads to tragedy for her family. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 13 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 16 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 01 Aug 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Vera Drake \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 40 wins & 39 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A look at four seasons in the lives of a happily married couple and their relationships with their family and friends. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] A successful black woman discovers that her birth mother is a underprivileged white woman, but the woman denies it. As emotions run high, everyone's secrets are exposed. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] A look at a few chapters in the life of Poppy, a cheery, colorful, North London schoolteacher whose optimism tends to exasperate those around her. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Penny's love for her partner, taxi-driver Phil, has run dry. He is a gentle, philosophical guy, and she works on the checkout at a supermarket. Their daughter Rachel cleans in a home for ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] 2 young women reunite and rekindle their friendship after having said goodbye at their college graduation, six years earlier. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] A waitress, her cook husband, & their twin daughters ponder their lives over a few weeks in a working-class suburb north of London. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Slice-of-life look at a sweet working-class couple in London, Shirley and Cyril, his mother, who's aging quickly and becoming forgetful, mum's ghastly upper-middle-class neighbors, and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] After Gilbert and Sullivan's latest play is critically panned, the frustrated team threatens to disband until it is inspired to write the masterpiece \"The Mikado\". [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Parallel tales of two sexually obsessed men, one hurting and annoying women physically and mentally, one wandering around the city talking to strangers and experiencing dimensions of life. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Moments from the uncompromisingly bleak existence of a secretary, her intellectually disabled sister, aloof and uneasy teacher boyfriend, bizarre neighbor and irritating workmate. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] An exploration of the last quarter century of the great, if eccentric, British painter J.M.W. Turner's life. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Vera Drake is a selfless woman who is completely devoted to, and loved by, her working class family. She spends her days doting on them and caring for her sick neighbor and elderly mother. However, she also secretly visits women and helps them induce miscarriages for unwanted pregnancies."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Plutophobia Treatment Options - Eliminate Phobia and Fear Now Plutophobia Treatment Options [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Symptoms of Plutophobia - Fear of wealth: [PAR] breathlessness, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, feeling sick, shaking, heart palpitations, inability to speak or think clearly, a fear of dying or becoming madl, a sensation of detachment from reality or a full blown anxiety attack. [PAR] You are not the only one to suffer from this phobia. Most sufferers are surprised to learn that they are far from alone in this surprisingly common, although often unspoken, phobia. [PAR] Plutophobia is an intense fear of something that poses no actual danger. While adults with Plutophobia realize that these fears are irrational, they often find that facing, or even thinking about facing, the feared situation brings on a panic attack or severe anxiety. [PAR] There is a Way Out [PAR] Imagine what your life will be like when you know that you are not \"defective\". When you can be confident and at ease in situations where you used to feel your phobia. And when you can talk about your former fear symptoms as though you are describing a movie where the character is someone else, not you. [PAR] Plutophobia [PAR] Treatment Options [PAR] Hypnotherapy [PAR] Hypnotherapy helps to reprogram your subconscious \"programs\" that may be part of your fear. When these programs are \"de-bugged\" the symptoms of Plutophobia often are minimized. However, some people don't like the feeling of loss of control in allowing someone else to play with their personal \"software\". Hypnotherapy is save and works fast. [PAR] Hypnotherapy Solutions [PAR] Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) [PAR] NLP is basically the study and practice of how we create our reality. From the NLP viewpoint, a phobia is the result of your programs or \"constructs\" that you have created that don't work very well. With NLP, these constructs are revealed and \"re-programmed\" so that the Plutophobia is minimized and often eliminated. Usually the interventions are quite rapid and effective. [PAR] NLP Solutions [PAR] Energy Psychology [PAR] Energy Psychology is emerging as an excellent therapy for fears and phobias because in studies it is shown to be rapid, safe, effective and long-lasting. It is based on a theory and practice that has been around for a couple of thousand years. It has the same foundation or roots as acupuncture, except in this case there are no needles used. You could call it emotional acupuncture - without the needles. Recent scientific studies have shown it to be very effective. [PAR] Energy Psychology combines the benefits of the above treatment therapies. [PAR] You quickly and easily change your behaviors. [PAR] You are active in your own recovery. [PAR] Your thought patterns change, often very quickly. [PAR] You develop skills and techniques that are useful for a lifetime in all situations. [PAR] Plutophobia Disclaimer [PAR] \u00a9 Alive and Well Online 2004.[DOC] [TLE] What is plutophobia-Psychological Health Questions answered What is plutophobia-Psychological Health Questions answered [PAR] Home > Health > Psychological Health > [PAR] What is plutophobia [PAR] Health related question in topics Psychology .We found some answers as below for this question \"What is plutophobia\",you can compare them. [PAR] Plutophobia is an acute and irrational fear of wealth. ChaCha again! [ Source: http://www.chacha.com/question/what-is-plutophobia ] [PAR] More Answers to \"What is plutophobia\" [PAR] Barophobia is a fear of gravity. [PAR] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Barophobia [PAR] Now personally, I like gravity because I have a fear of heights which is called Acrophobia . Without gravity we would all just float away. You would somehow have to tether me to the ground. I think it\u2019s the only real"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Destruction and renewal in Coventry, the phoenix - latimes Destruction and renewal in Coventry, the phoenix - latimes [PAR] Destruction and renewal in Coventry, the phoenix [PAR] May 01, 2005 |Susan Spano | Times Staff Writer [PAR] Coventry, England \u2014 Lady GODIVA, the wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, is said to have ridden naked through the streets of Coventry in the 11th century. [PAR] Today, the city of 300,000 has little more than legend to divert tourists or suggest the quaintness of medieval England. It sits about 100 miles northwest of London, part of the sprawling, unlovely, industrial Midlands. Weaving and watchmaking once dominated its economy, then bicycle and automobile manufacturing. That yielded to munitions factories during World War II, making Coventry a prime target for the German Luftwaffe. [PAR] On previous trips to the area, I'd gotten lost in the city's dispiriting, gray suburbs, discouraging me from visiting again. But last year while researching an article on the German city of Dresden, which was destroyed by Allied aerial bombardment in early 1945, I read about the German attack on Coventry. [PAR] For about 11 hours beginning on the night of Nov. 14, 1940, German planes dropped a lethal load of conventional explosives and incendiary bombs that turned Coventry into an inferno, consuming 60,000 buildings and killing about 550 people. [PAR] The death toll was modest compared with the hundreds of thousands thought to have died in Dresden a few years later. It was retaliation, some say, for Coventry. But the Coventry raid had several distinctions. It was early in the war, so it was the first English town to suffer massive aerial bombardment. It left the city without its landmark Gothic cathedral, though a handful of church members fought valiantly to save it. [PAR] Finally, the Coventry blitz marked the debut of a horrible new weapon: the firestorm, generated when intensely hot flames started by incendiary bombs create an oxygen vacuum at ground level, into which great waves of fire rush. It proved so effective that the Germans coined the word \"coventrated\" for what happened that autumn night in the English Midlands. [PAR] When I returned to Coventry last month, it was partly to do penance for having considered the city characterless and ugly, without understanding what had made it so. I also wanted to join two parts of a story I'd begun to learn in Dresden. [PAR] I knew I would find the ocher stone shell of St. Michael's Cathedral, which was built as the parish church for a Benedictine community in the 14th century. But I never expected to be so moved by the new cathedral, which underscores the meaning of the World War II ruins adjacent to it. [PAR] I stayed the night before at Coombe Abbey (in a double for about $250, with breakfast), a handsome edifice dating back to the 12th century, with a moat, gardens and 500 acres of parkland, a few miles northeast of Coventry. The hotel stages Elizabethan banquets and has all the trappings of \"merry olde England\" -- marble busts, swagged drapes, canopy beds, tasseled pulls for flushing the toilets -- that are great fun but about as authentic as a silver-plated souvenir spoon. [PAR] A walk in the park to the morning music of birds put me more in tune with those things that seem to us intrinsically English. [PAR] I then went to the center of Coventry, marked by two soaring Gothic spires and restricted to pedestrian use, helping to quiet and sanctify the square at the heart of the cathedral precincts. Around it are"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1986 FIFA World Cup - Football Wiki - Wikia 1986 FIFA World Cup | Football Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] 1986 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Share [PAR] Cleanup [PAR] To meet Football Wiki's quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. Please help by improving the article. [PAR] 1986 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Copa Mundial de F\u00fatbol M\u00e9xico '86 [PAR] 1986 FIFA World Cup official logo [PAR] Tournament details [PAR] 1990 \u2192 [PAR] The 1986 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in Mexico in 1986. 24 national teams took part. Argentina won the trophy after beating Germany in the final. Diego Maradona was the best player of the tournament. [PAR] Contents"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Italian Days of the Week - Italian Months - Italian Seasons Italian Vocabulary - Days of the Week [PAR] Italian Vocabulary - Days of the Week [PAR] Italian Vocabulary - Days of the Week [PAR] Learn the words for Monday - Sunday [PAR] Close up of pen and calendar. Tetra Images [PAR] By Cher Hale [PAR] Updated September 13, 2016. [PAR] What day is the market open? And what day does the post office close early? What day of the week do you want to go to Chianti ? [PAR] Besides being able to tell the time , in order to figure out when to go to events and hang out with friends , you\u2019ll need to know the days of the week in Italian. [PAR] Whether you\u2019re reviewing the vocabulary or you\u2019re learning it for the first time, below you\u2019ll find useful examples for everyday conversations along with cocktail party facts so you can better understand the culture. [PAR] DAYS OF THE WEEK - I GIORNI DELLA SETTIMANA [PAR] Monday - luned\u00ec [PAR] Saturday - sabato [PAR] Sunday - domenica [PAR] Cocktail party fact: Notice how the first letter of the day of the week isn\u2019t capitalized. In Italian, days of the week, months and seasons are all lowercase. [PAR] Weekend - il fine settimana [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Notice how there is a grave accent mark (`) on the vocabulary words for Monday through Friday. [PAR] That accent mark lets you know where to put the stress in the word , so in this case, the stress falls on the last syllable \u201cdi.\u201d [PAR] Esempi: [PAR] A: Che giorno \u00e8 oggi? - What day is it today? [PAR] B: Oggi \u00e8 mercoled\u00ec. - Today is Wednesday. [PAR] Ieri era (\u00e8 stato) marted\u00ec. - Yesterday was Tuesday. [PAR] Domani \u00e8 gioved\u00ec. - Tomorrow is Thursday. [PAR] Il luned\u00ec la maggior parte dei ristoranti sono chiusi. - On Mondays the majority of restaurants are closed. [PAR] Il weekend il mercato \u00e8 aperto. - The market is open on the weekends. [PAR] Frequento le lezioni da luned\u00ec a venerd\u00ec. - I attend lessons from Monday to Friday. [PAR] Parto per l\u2019Italia sabato. - I\u2019m leaving for Italy on Saturday. [PAR] Perch\u00e9 non \u00e8 ancora venerd\u00ec!? - Why isn\u2019t it Friday yet!? [PAR] Sono libero venerd\u00ec sera. Ti va di andare al cinema? - I\u2019m free Friday. Want to go to the movies? [PAR] Il giorno pi\u00f9 bello della settimana \u00e8 luned\u00ec perch\u00e9 \u00e8 l\u2019inizio di una nuova settimana. - The greatest day of the week is Monday because it\u2019s the start of a new week. [PAR] A: Qual \u00e8 il vostro giorno di riposo (di chiusura)? - When is your day off? [PAR] B: Siamo chiusi tutte le domeniche mattina. - Our day off is every Sunday morning. [PAR] Cocktail party fact: Luned\u00ec, marted\u00ec, mercoled\u00ec, gioved\u00ec e venerd\u00ec are INVARIABLE, so they don\u2019t change in their plural form. Sabato e domenica, however, have a plural form when needed. (e.g.: ...i sabati; ...le domeniche.) [PAR] Vado a danza tutti i luned\u00ec. - I take my dance class every Monday. [PAR] La mensa rimane aperta pi\u00f9 a lungo le domeniche. - Dining hall stays open longer on Sundays. [PAR] Ogni marted\u00ec raccolgono la carta. - Each Tuesday is paper garbage collection. [PAR] Make Your Bridges for Tuesdays & Thursdays [PAR] When a religious festival or holiday, like Festa della Repubblica or Ognissanti , falls on a Tuesday (marted\u00ec) or a Thursday (gioved\u00ec), Italians oftentimes fare il ponte, which literally means to make the bridge, and figuratively means to make a four-day holiday."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Great Race (1965) - IMDb The Great Race (1965) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When a popular daredevil proposes an automobile race across three continents, his arch rival vows to beat him, while an ambitious female reporter has her own plans for victory. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.00 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 16 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 26 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 23 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 05 Oct 2015 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: The Great Race (1965) [PAR] 7.2/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 Oscar. Another 1 win & 14 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Professional daredevil and white-suited hero, The Great Leslie, convinces turn-of-the-century auto makers that a race from New York to Paris (westward across America, the Bering Straight and Russia) will help to promote automobile sales. Leslie's arch-rival, the mustached and black-attired Professor Fate vows to beat Leslie to the finish line in a car of Fate's own invention. The Blake Edwards style of slapstick and song originated with this movie. A dedication to Laurel and Hardy appears at the beginning of the film. Edwards' tribute to Stan and Ollie can be seen most clearly in the interaction between Professor Fate and his cohort Max, as well as in the operatic Pottsdorf pie fight. Written by Jeanne Baker <jbaker@erim.org> [PAR] The movie with 20,000-mile or one-million-laughs guarantee! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 1 July 1965 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Blake Edwards' The Great Race See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Stereo (RCA Sound System)| 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints) [PAR] Color: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] When Prof. Fate, Max and Maggie DuBois drive into the Russian town, Maggie repeats to the professor what she had already argued in her first interview with The Great Leslie, that she speaks French, Russian and Arabic. She then speaks a full sentence to the townspeople in Russian. Natalie Wood , who plays Maggie DuBois, was of Russian descent (her real name is Natasha Gurdin) and spoke fluent Russian. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] The American flag displayed near the beginning of the race has 48 stars. In 1908, when this movie supposedly takes place, there were only 46 states (New Mexico and Arizona were admitted in 1912, and Alaska and Hawaii were admitted in 1959). See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Max : Red sky. Gonna be a storm. [PAR] Professor Fate : What are you babbling about? [PAR] Max : Red sky in the morning, sailor take warning. [PAR] Professor Fate : Why, you simple-headed gherkin, do you know the chances of a storm in this part of the world at this time of the year? [PAR] Professor Fate : Hundred to one. [PAR] [a great thunderclap; it begins to pour rain] [PAR] Max : Red sky in the morning,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paul O'Grady (Comedian) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Paul O'Grady (Comedian) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News [PAR] Paul O'Grady [PAR] Male [PAR] Born Jun 14, 1955 [PAR] Paul James Michael O'Grady MBE is an English comedian, television presenter, actor, writer and radio DJ. He is best known for presenting the daytime chat television series, The Paul O'Grady Show and, more recently, Paul O'Grady Live, as well as his drag queen comedic alter ego, Lily Savage, as whom he performed in various television series including Blankety Blank (1997\u00e2\u0080\u00931999) and Lily Live! (2000\u00e2\u0080\u00932001).\u2026 Read More [PAR] related links [PAR] Why Gladys Won\u00e2\u0080\u0099t Be Putting On The Ritz! [PAR] Horncastle News - May 06, 2015 [PAR] ' She\u00e2\u0080\u0099s raised thousands of pounds for charity and now Horncastle\u00e2\u0080\u0099s very own Gladys Tingle can count Paul O\u00e2\u0080\u0099Grady among her fans. ' [PAR] Go Go Gladys Off To The Ritz After Paul O\u00e2\u0080\u0099grady Show Stardom [PAR] Horncastle News - Apr 29, 2015 [PAR] ' Lights, cameras and action! Horncastle\u00e2\u0080\u0099s very own \u00e2\u0080\u0098marathon queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Gladys Tingle had a taste of TV stardom yesterday (Tuesday). ' [PAR] If Homophobia Was A Winter Olympic Sport, Russia Would Be A Gold Medal Contender [PAR] Huffington Post Sports - Feb 04, 2014 [PAR] 'This Friday, the Winter Olympics open in the Russian resort of Sochi amid great controversy over the Putin regime\\'s homophobic policies, which clearly violate the anti-discrimination Principle 6 of the Olympic Charter. \\nFor me, queer freedom knows no borders. Over the last decade or so, amazing positive gains have been won by the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities in Britain. We\\'ve gone from being the country with the largest number of homophobic laws in the world... [PAR] Stokenchurch Rescue Dog To Feature On Tv [PAR] Bucks Free Press - Nov 15, 2013 [PAR] '\\n A DOG waiting for a new home in Stokenchurch Dog Rescue\u00e2\u0080\u0099s kennels will have a big day in the national spotlight next Monday when he appears on\u00c2 ITV1\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Paul O\u00e2\u0080\u0099Grady Show.\\n' [PAR] Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Paul O'Grady. [PAR] CHILDHOOD [PAR] 1955 Birth O'Grady was their third child, born at 7:30 am on 14 June 1955 at St. Catherine's Hospital, Tranmere. \u2026 Read More [PAR] His birth, over a decade after that of siblings Brendan (b. 1941) and Sheila (b. 1944), was not planned; his mother was 39 and discovered the pregnancy only when visiting the doctor complaining of indigestion. O'Grady spent his early life at the family's rented home of 23 Holly Grove, Higher Tranmere, Birkenhead, a house built in a former quarry during the early 1930s; O'Grady remarked that the house was always damp and cold, suffering from \"ominous cracks\" which \"would appear in the walls and ceilings overnight\".<br /><br /> Our family was loving and full of affection. I never knew what divorce was until I moved to London.<br /><br /> Attending St. Joseph's Catholic Primary School, O'Grady excelled in all subjects but maths. Hoping that he had a good future ahead of him, his parents budgeted to send him to a private school, the Catholic-run Redcourt, but his grades dropped. Failing the eleven plus exam, to his mother's dismay he was unable to enter a grammar school, instead attending the Blessed Edmund Campion R.C. Secondary Modern and the Corpus Christi High School, where O'Grady experienced his first homosexual encounter, enjoying a brief romance with another boy, although still assumed he was heterosexual. Read Less [PAR] TEENAGE [PAR] 1974 19 Years Old \u2026 [PAR] Leaving school aged sixteen, O'Grady obtained a job in the civil service, working as a clerical"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capital Cities of Tennessee - University of Tennessee Capital Cities of Tennessee [PAR] Capital Cities of Tennessee [PAR] [ Jonesborough ] [ Greeneville ] [ Knoxville ] [ Kingston ] [ Murfreesboro ] [ Nashville ] [PAR] Six of Tennessee's cities have served as the capital of the State. Two cities have been the capital more than once, while one city was the capital for only one day. Each of these six cities has had an interesting part to play in the history of Tennessee. [PAR] Jonesborough [PAR] The oldest city in Tennessee is Jonesborough . Jonesborough was named for Willie Jones, a North Carolina legislator who championed his state's westward movement. Founded in 1779, Jonesborough became the capital of the State of Franklin in December 1784. Franklin functioned as a state until 1788, but was never recognized by Congress. Jonesborough was the first town in Tennessee to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Jonesborough is known for its National Storytelling Festival , its International Storytelling Center , and is recognized as the storytelling capital of the world. [PAR] Return to top [PAR] Greeneville [PAR] The second capital of the State of Franklin was Greeneville. Greeneville was founded in 1783 and served as the capital of Franklin from 1785-1788. Greeneville was named for Revolutionary War hero Nathanael Greene. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is located in Greeneville. There are tours available of Johnson's home and place of burial on Monument Hill in the National Cemetery . [PAR] Return to top [PAR] Knoxville [PAR] Knoxville was the capital of the Territory of the United States South of the River Ohio from 1792 until 1796. Knoxville served as the capital of Tennessee on two occasions, the first time from 1796 until 1812 and then a second time from 1817 to 1818. Knoxville was named for Henry Knox, the Secretary of War. The main campus of The University of Tennessee is in Knoxville. Knoxville is the home of the Knoxville Museum of Art and Knoxville Opera and hosts many festivals, most notably, the Dogwood Arts Festival , which began in 1961 after author John Gunther called Knoxville \"the ugliest city in America.\" City officials resolved to change the city's image and began planting dogwood trees. The first trail opened in 1955. In 1982, the Knoxville hosted the World's Fair and celebrated the 25th anniversary of the fair this year. [PAR] Return to top [PAR] Kingston [PAR] Kingston was the capital of Tennessee for one day! On September 21, 1807, the Tennessee General Assembly met in Kingston, declared it to be the State's capital, passed one item, and then adjourned. That one item was the acquisition of Cherokee territory that was known as Fort Southwest Point. The Indians had ceded the land around the Fort to the State with the provision that it would be named the State capital, which it was, but only for one day. Before the Indians realized that they had been tricked, the capital was moved back to Knoxville. Kingston was named for landowner Major Robert King. [PAR] Return to top [PAR] Murfreesboro [PAR] Murfreesboro was Tennessee's capital city from 1818 until 1826. The capital was moved to the middle of the State as the population moved to the middle and western grand divisions of Tennessee. Murfreesboro was named for Revolutionary War hero Colonel Hardy Murfree. In 1911, Middle Tennessee State University opened in Murfreesboro. [PAR] Return to top [PAR] Nashville [PAR] The current capital of Tennessee is Nashville. Nashville/Davidson County has a metropolitan government. This very progressive city is one of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jane Eyre Summary - eNotes.com Jane Eyre Summary - eNotes.com [PAR] Jane Eyre Summary [PAR] Charlotte Bront\u00eb [PAR] Jane Eyre Summary [PAR] The orphaned Jane Eyre grows up with her cruel aunt and cousins, before she is sent away to a girls' boarding school, Lowood, which teaches poor and orphaned girls. Though her aunt tries to undermine Jane's experience at the school, Jane does well in school, and stays at Lowood as a teacher after she graduates. [PAR] After her confidante and former teacher, Miss Temple, gets married, Jane takes a job as a governess at Thornfield Hall, which the elderly housekeeper, Alice Fairfax, advertised. Her student is a young, French girl named Adele, whose connection with the household is not particularly clear. [PAR] The master of the house, Edward Rochester, takes an immediate liking to Jane, even though at their first meeting, Rochester had just fallen off his horse on an icy bit of road. Rochester seems to be falling in love with Jane, who is also falling for him, but there are also rumors that Rochester will soon get married to the lovely and talented, but hard-hearted Blanche Ingram. Beyond that, Thornfield Hall is becoming more and more eerie, as Jane hears disembodied voices, and one night Rochester almost dies when his bed catches fire under mysterious circumstances. [PAR] However, Rochester does ask Jane to marry him, but their modest wedding ceremony is interrupted when Mr. Briggs declares that Rochester already has an insane wife locked away on the third floor. Jane runs away, and coincidentally ends up on the doorstep of a group of siblings who turn out to be her cousins (from the other side of her family than the cruel aunt from her childhood). While living with the Rivers family, Jane learns she has inherited money from her uncle, which she shares with her cousins. One of her cousins wants Jane to marry him and be a missionary with him in India, but Jane does not want to, though she feels a sense of Christian duty to do so. [PAR] Then one night, she hears Rochester's disembodied voice calling her name, and takes it as a sign to return to Thornfield. When she arrives she finds that Rochester's wife has burned Thornfield to the ground, and Rochester has lost his hand and his sight. His wife died after jumping off the building. Jane marries him, and they have a child together. [PAR] Download Study Guide [PAR] Start Free Trial [PAR] Start your free trial with eNotes to access more than 30,000 study guides. Get help with any book. [PAR] link Link [PAR] Summary of the Novel [PAR] Jane Eyre, an orphan, lives with her abusive aunt, Sarah Reed, and her mean-spirited cousins, John, Eliza, and Georgiana, at Gateshead Hall. [PAR] She is sent away to the Lowood School where the conditions are very harsh. Jane befriends a fellow student, Helen Burns, and Miss Temple, a teacher. When Helen Burns dies, and Miss Temple marries, Jane decides to leave Lowood, and secures a job as a governess at Thornfield. [PAR] At Thornfield, Jane\u2019s duties are to teach the master\u2019s foster child Adele Varens. Although he has a brusque manner, Jane finds the master, Edward Fairfax Rochester, attractive and fascinating. [PAR] One night Jane is awakened by strange noises. Seeing smoke coming from Mr. Rochester\u2019s room, she runs in and throws water on the fire, awakening him. He leads Jane to believe that it is Grace Poole, a servant, who caused the damage. [PAR] Meanwhile, Mr. Rochester apparently pursues Blanche Ingram, a local beauty, while"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eagles | New Music And Songs - MTV Artists Eagles | New Music And Songs | [PAR] Eagles [PAR] About Eagles [PAR] With five number one singles, 14 Top 40 hits, and four number one albums, the Eagles were among the most successful recording artists of the 1970s. At the end of the 20th century, two of those albums -- Their Greatest Hits (1971-1975) and Hotel California -- ranked among the ten best-selling albums ever, and the popularity of 2007's Long Road Out of Eden proved the Eagles' staying power in the new millennium. Though most of its members came from outside California, the group was closely identified with a country- and folk-tinged sound that initially found favor in Los Angeles during the late '60s, as championed by such bands as the Flying Burrito Brothers and Poco (both of which contributed members to the Eagles). But the band also drew upon traditional rock & roll styles and, in its later work, helped define the broadly popular rock sound that became known as classic rock. As a result, the Eagles achieved a perennial appeal among generations of music fans who continued to buy their records many years after they had split up, which helped inspire the first of the Eagles' reunions in the mid-'90s. [PAR] The band was formed by four Los Angeles-based musicians who had migrated to the West Coast from other parts of the country. Singer/bassist Randy Meisner (born in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, on March 8, 1946) moved to L.A. in 1964 as part of a band originally called the Soul Survivors (not to be confused with the East Coast-based Soul Survivors, who scored a Top Five hit with \"Expressway to Your Heart\" in 1967) and later renamed the Poor. He became a founding member of Poco in 1968, but left the band prior to the release of its debut album in order to join the Stone Canyon Band, the backup group for Rick Nelson. Meanwhile, singer/guitarist/banjoist/mandolinist Bernie Leadon (born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on July 19, 1947) arrived in L.A. in 1967 as a member of Hearts and Flowers, later joining Dillard & Clark and then the Flying Burrito Brothers. Singer/drummer Don Henley (born in Gilmer, Texas, on July 22, 1947) moved to L.A. in June 1970 with his band Shiloh, which made one self-titled album for Amos Records before breaking up. Finally, Glenn Frey (born in Detroit, Michigan, on November 6, 1948) performed in his hometown and served as a backup musician for Bob Seger before moving to L.A. in the summer of 1968. He formed the duo Longbranch Pennywhistle with J.D. Souther, and the two musicians signed to Amos Records, which released their self-titled album in 1969. [PAR] In the spring of 1971, Frey and Henley were hired to play in Linda Ronstadt's backup band. Meisner and Leadon also played backup for Ronstadt during her summer tour, though the four only did one gig together: a July show at Disneyland. They did, however, all appear on Ronstadt's next album, Linda Ronstadt. In September 1971, Frey, Henley, Leadon, and Meisner signed with manager David Geffen, agreeing to record for his soon-to-be-launched label, Asylum Records; soon after, they adopted the name the Eagles. In February 1972, they flew to England and spent two weeks recording their debut album, Eagles, with producer Glyn Johns. It was released in June, reaching the Top 20 and going gold in a little over a year and a half on the strength of two Top Ten hits -- \"Take It Easy\" and \"Witchy Woman\" -- and one Top 20 hit, \"Peaceful Easy Feeling.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Roc - Titan of Avians on Pinterest | Sinbad The Sailor ... 1000+ images about Roc - Titan of Avians on Pinterest | Sinbad the sailor, Arabian nights and Mythology [PAR] Forward [PAR] \"A bird of enormous size, bulky body and wide wings, flying in the air; and it was this that concealed the body of the sun and veiled it from the sun.\" In the account of Marko Polo the wingspan of the roc was 16 yards, its feathers were as big as palm leaves. The wind was the rush of its wings and its flight was lightning. The bird is usually described as being white. \"According to Arabic tradition, the Roc never lands on earth, only on the mountain Qaf, the center of the world. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Arabian Nights | A Book of Creatures Arabian Nights | A Book of Creatures [PAR] A Book of Creatures [PAR] Rukh [PAR] Variations: Rokh, Rukhkh, Roc, Ruc; Griffon, Griffin, Gryphon [PAR] The lineage of the Rukh (or, less correctly, Roc) is an ancient and venerable one, with tales of enormous birds stretching back into ancient Egypt. Generally believed to live in Madagascar (or possibly at the top of Mount Qaf), it is another iteration of the Arabian \u2018Anqa, the Persian Simurgh, and the Indian Garuda and Cyena. The name rukh itself may have come about by a corruption of simurgh, which in turn came from cyena. [PAR] There is little defining the appearance of the rukh; it is a gigantic bird of prey, but what exactly that entails has varied from artist to artist. The only indisputable feature is that it is enormous. A rukh is as big as the storyteller needs it to be, leading to accounts of a hatchling rukh with wings a thousand fathoms (over 1800 meters) in length! [PAR] Rukhs are uncontested predators capable of feeding on the largest and most dangerous land animals. They have a particular fondness for giant serpents, elephants, and karkadanns or rhinoceroses. Sindbad observed that when a karkadann spears an elephant on its horn, the elephant\u2019s fat runs into the rhino\u2019s eyes and blinds it; a rukh will then swoop down and carry both combatants off to feed its chicks. Rukhs also appear to have some degree of intelligence, using boulders to smash prey. [PAR] The best-known interactions with rukhs were those of Sindbad the Sailor, who encountered them on his second and fifth voyages. The first time around, Sindbad found himself alone on a deserted island \u2013 not an uncommon occurrence in his life \u2013 and discovered a strange white dome, some fifty paces in circumference. As he pondered what the structure might be, the sky darkened as a huge rukh appeared. The dome was none other than its egg. Fortunately for Sindbad, it showed no interest in him as it sat on the egg and dozed off, and Sindbad tied himself to its leg with his turban, figuring that it might fly him to more civilized lands. In time the rukh awoke, screeched, and took off on the most terrifying ride of Sindbad\u2019s life. When it finally landed he untied himself as fast as he could and ran for cover, while the rukh busied itself seizing a giant serpent in its talons and flying off with its prey. [PAR] Sindbad\u2019s fifth voyage was even more catastrophic. This time, Sindbad\u2019s crew went ashore without him and found the white dome of a rukh\u2019s egg. Despite Sindbad\u2019s warnings, they broke the egg and killed the chick inside. As they butchered the chick, the two parent rukhs appeared, their"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, 1886 - Robert Louis ... Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, 1886 - Robert Louis Stevenson [PAR] Home \u00bb Works \u00bb Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, 1886 [PAR] Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, 1886 [PAR] Read the Virtual Book [PAR] Summary [PAR] Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde opens with a lawyer named Mr Utterson taking his weekly walk with Mr Enfield. Along the way, they pass by a \u201cblistered and distained\u201d (p. 229) door. [PAR] Enfield tells Utterson that he had once passed the same door late at night and saw a man \u201ctrampl[e] calmly over [a] child\u2019s body\u201d (p. 229). Enfield and other witnesses demanded the man, Edward Hyde, pay a large sum of money to the child\u2019s family. Hyde passed through the door and returned with a cheque drawn on the account of Dr Henry Jekyll, a respected physician. Enfield assumed Hyde had obtained the money by blackmailing Jekyll, and he and Utterson agree to say no more about the affair. [PAR] Enfield\u2019s story, though, concerns Utterson. Jekyll is both a friend and a client, and Utterson knows that Hyde is connected in some mysterious way with Jekyll. In fact, in the event of his death or disappearance for more than three months, Jekyll has willed all his possessions to Hyde. [PAR] Utterson decides to wait for Hyde to appear. When he sees him, Utterson is instinctively repulsed by what he feels is Hyde\u2019s deep deformity. Soon after, Jekyll assures Utterson he can rid himself of Hyde whenever he pleases. [PAR] Almost a year passes without incident. One night, however, a maid sees Hyde bludgeon Sir Danvers Carew to death with a walking stick that Utterson had given as a gift to Jekyll. The attack was so ferocious that the stick broke in two, with one half left in the gutter. Utterson takes the police to Hyde\u2019s rooms, where they find the other half of the walking stick and evidence that Hyde has fled and burned many of his papers. [PAR] When Utterson confronts Jekyll, his friend insists no one will ever see Hyde again. He also gives Utterson a letter from Hyde stating as much. However, when Utterson\u2019s clerk, Mr Guest, a handwriting expert, examines the letter, the writing is confirmed as Jekyll\u2019s. Utterson cannot understand why Jekyll would forge for a murderer. But as more time passes and it seems Hyde has truly disappeared, Utterson relaxes and he and their mutual friend Dr Lanyon frequently enjoy Jekyll\u2019s company. [PAR] Suddenly, however, Jekyll withdraws to his home and refuses to see anyone. When Utterson visits Lanyon to discuss this change, he sees that Lanyon has received a terrible shock and is near death. Lanyon dies soon after, and Utterson receives an envelope from him marked \u201cnot to be opened till the death or disappearance of Dr Henry Jekyll\u201d (p. 259). [PAR] As the story builds to a climax, Jekyll\u2019s butler, Poole, hurries to Utterson and begs him to come to Jekyll\u2019s house. He believes Hyde has killed Jekyll. Poole says that Hyde has been locked in Jekyll\u2019s study, ordering Poole to get supplies from chemists all over London. Utterson and Poole rush over, break in, and find Hyde\u2019s twitching body \u2013 he had committed suicide when he heard them forcing the door. [PAR] Utterson and Poole search but can find no trace of Jekyll. All they have are a sealed letter from Jekyll and a will bequeathing his estate to Utterson. [PAR] Utterson first reads Lanyon\u2019s letter. It reveals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Direction of Bending - The Physics Classroom The Direction of Bending [PAR] Refraction and the Ray Model of Light - Lesson 1 - Refraction at a Boundary [PAR] The Direction of Bending [PAR] If I Were an Archer Fish [PAR] Refraction is the bending of the path of a light wave as it passes from one material into another material. The refraction occurs at the boundary and is caused by a change in the speed of the light wave upon crossing the boundary. The tendency of a ray of light to bend one direction or another is dependent upon whether the light wave speeds up or slows down upon crossing the boundary. The speed of a light wave is dependent upon the optical density of the material through which it moves. For this reason, the direction that the path of a light wave bends depends on whether the light wave is traveling from a more dense (slow) medium to a less dense (fast) medium or from a less dense medium to a more dense medium. In this part of Lesson 1, we will investigate this topic of the direction of bending of a light wave. [PAR] [PAR] Predicting the Direction of Bending [PAR] Recall the Marching Soldiers analogy discussed earlier in this lesson. The analogy served as a model for understanding the boundary behavior of light waves. As discussed, the analogy is often illustrated in a Physics classroom by a student demonstration. In the demonstration, a line of students (representing a light wave) marches towards a masking tape (representing the boundary) and slows down upon crossing the boundary (representative of entering a new medium). The direction of the line of students changes upon crossing the boundary. The diagram below depicts this change in direction for a line of students who slow down upon crossing the boundary. [PAR] On the diagram, the direction of the students is represented by two arrows known as rays. The direction of the students as they approach the boundary is represented by an incident ray (drawn in blue). And the direction of the students after they cross the boundary is represented by a refracted ray (drawn in red). Since the students change direction (i.e., refract), the incident ray and the refracted ray do not point in the same direction. Also, note that a perpendicular line is drawn to the boundary at the point where the incident ray strikes the boundary (i.e., masking tape). A line drawn perpendicular to the boundary at the point of incidence is known as a normal line. Observe that the refracted ray lies closer to the normal line than the incident ray does. In such an instance as this, we would say that the path of the students has bent towards the normal. We can extend this analogy to light and conclude that: [PAR] Light Traveling from a Fast to a Slow Medium [PAR] If a ray of light passes across the boundary from a material in which it travels fast into a material in which travels slower, then the light ray will bend towards the normal line. [PAR] The above principle applies to light passing from a material in which it travels fast across a boundary and into a material in which it travels slowly. But what if light wave does the opposite? What if a light wave passes from a material in which it travels slowly across a boundary and into a material in which it travels fast? The answer to this question can be answered if we reconsider the Marching Soldier analogy. Now suppose that the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Stonewall Riot - Jun 28, 1969 - HISTORY.com The Stonewall Riot - Jun 28, 1969 - HISTORY.com [PAR] The Stonewall Riot [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Just after 3 a.m., a police raid of the Stonewall Inn\u2013a gay club located on New York City\u2019s Christopher Street\u2013turns violent as patrons and local sympathizers begin rioting against the police. [PAR] Although the police were legally justified in raiding the club, which was serving liquor without a license among other violations, New York\u2019s gay community had grown weary of the police department targeting gay clubs, a majority of which had already been closed. The crowd on the street watched quietly as Stonewall\u2019s employees were arrested, but when three drag queens and a lesbian were forced into the paddy wagon, the crowd began throwing bottles at the police. The officers were forced to take shelter inside the establishment, and two policemen were slightly injured before reinforcements arrived to disperse the mob. The protest, however, spilled over into the neighboring streets, and order was not restored until the deployment of New York\u2019s riot police. [PAR] The so-called Stonewall Riot was followed by several days of demonstrations in New York and was the impetus for the formation of the Gay Liberation Front as well as other gay, lesbian, and bisexual civil rights organizations. It is also regarded by many as history\u2019s first major protest on behalf of equal rights for homosexuals. [PAR] More on This Topic"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Matilda Movie Review & Film Summary (1996) | Roger Ebert Matilda Movie Review & Film Summary (1996) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Roald Dahl was by all accounts a singularly unpleasant person, which may explain why he wrote stories that are so fascinating to children. He nursed the grudges of childhood, he distrusted adults, and he was unmoved by false sentimentality. Kids may not feel cuddled by his books, but they sense Dahl is the real thing: He's writing out of strong emotion, and not just to be cute. Consider the character of Trunchbull, in the darkly comic new film \u201cMatilda.\u201d Trunchbull must be a woman, because she is someone's aunt, but she is never called \u201cMiss\u201d--and we see at once that \u201cMrs.\u201d would be out of the question. She was a champion shot-putter and hammer-thrower in the 1972 Olympics, we learn, before moving on to her current career as the school principal and dominatrix at Crunchem Hall, a fearsome grade school with the motto: \u201cWhen you are having fun, you are not learning.\u201d To this school comes the heroine of the story, Matilda Wormwood ( Mara Wilson ), a very, very smart little girl whose parents neglect her when they are not insulting her. Matilda, left at home alone all day, has taught herself to read and walked to the library, where by the time she is 6 she has read not only \u201cHeidi\u201d and \u201cIvanhoe,\u201d but also \u201cFor Whom the Bell Tolls\u201d and \u201cMoby Dick.\u201d When she tells her parents ( Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman ) she's old enough to go to school, her dad replies: \u201cNonsense! Who would sign for the packages?\u201d But when he meets the redoubtable Trunchbull he announces that he has at last found the right school for Matilda. Trunchbull, played by Pam Ferris with great zest and well-hidden but genuine humor, is not a nice person. \u201cSit down, you squirming worm of vomit!\u201d she says to the hapless Matilda at one point, and later calls her \u201cYou villainous sack of dog slime!\u201d When a cute little blond girl dares to wearer hair in pigtails, Trunchbull seizes the child by the pigtails, swings her around and hurls her through the air like a hammer in the Olympics--and of course the movie does not neglect to show the girl narrowly miss a spike fence before landing safely in a flower bed. Trunchbull is the kind of villainess children can enjoy, because she is too ridiculous to be taken seriously and yet really is mean and evil, like the witch in \u201cSnow White.\u201d And since most children have at one time or another felt that their parents are not nice enough to them, they may also enjoy the portrait of Matilda's parents. Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood and their older son spend all of their time gobbling food and watching television, and when Matilda says she would rather read, her incredulous father cries, \u201cRead? What do you want to read for when you got a perfectly good TV set right here?\u201d Crunchem Hall is a school that would have appalled Dickens. Children are punished by solitary confinement in a steamy closet with nails sticking through the walls. But redemption comes in the person of a saintly teacher, Miss Honey ( Embeth Davidtz ), who is amazed when little Matilda does difficult math problems in her head, and eventually becomes her guardian and best friend. \u201cMatilda\u201d is not in any sense a \u201cchildren's movie,\u201d although older children will probably like it a lot. It is a dark family comedy about stupid parents, cruel teachers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Antonio Fargas - IMDb Antonio Fargas - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Community [PAR] LATEST HEADLINES [PAR] Actor | Composer | Soundtrack [PAR] A tall, lanky and twinkle-eyed African-American actor with wonderful onscreen charisma, Antonio Fargas has been appearing on stage and screen for nearly 40 years. His film debut was in Shirley Clarke 's The Cool World (1963), a gritty, uncompromising tale about African-American youth growing up in Harlem, New York. He then made his acting presence ... See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] User Lists [PAR] Related lists from IMDb users [PAR] a list of 3055 people [PAR] created 02 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 630 people [PAR] created 30 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 201 people [PAR] created 13 Feb 2013 [PAR] a list of 24 people [PAR] created 01 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 41 people [PAR] created 14 Aug 2015 [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Antonio Fargas's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] 2014 SnakeHead Swamp (TV Movie) [PAR] William Boudreaux [PAR] 2014 House of Lies (TV Series) [PAR] Mr. Zhang [PAR] 2006 Sucka Punch (Video short) [PAR] Uncle G [PAR] 2003 The District (TV Series) [PAR] J.T. [PAR] 2003 Grease Monkeys (TV Series) [PAR] Tony [PAR] 2003 Holby City (TV Series) [PAR] Victor Garrison [PAR] 2000 Driver 2 (Video Game) [PAR] Detective Tobias Jones (voice) [PAR] 1997 Living Single (TV Series) [PAR] Otis Jones [PAR] 1996 The Wayans Bros. (TV Series) [PAR] Uncle Nate [PAR] 1996 The Parent 'Hood (TV Series) [PAR] The Criminal [PAR] 1993 Percy & Thunder (TV Movie) [PAR] Spider [PAR] 1990 La belle Anglaise (TV Series) [PAR] Caldwell [PAR] 1988 Miami Vice (TV Series) [PAR] Alejandro Gutierrez [PAR] 1987 Florida Straits (TV Movie) [PAR] El Gato Negro [PAR] 1984 A Good Sport (TV Movie) [PAR] Clifford [PAR] 1983-1984 All My Children (TV Series) [PAR] Les Baxter [PAR] 1983 Hardcastle and McCormick (TV Series) [PAR] Jerry Blackmore [PAR] 1982 Paper Dolls (TV Movie) [PAR] Oliver [PAR] 1982 The Ambush Murders (TV Movie) [PAR] Vaness [PAR] 1980 Charlie's Angels (TV Series) [PAR] Blackie [PAR] 1978 The Love Boat (TV Series) [PAR] Lee Graham [PAR] 1974 Police Woman (TV Series) [PAR] Rex [PAR] 1974 Sanford and Son (TV Series) [PAR] Sonny Cochran [PAR] 1973 Police Story (TV Series) [PAR] Harpie [PAR] 1978 Pretty Baby (performer: \"Tiger Rag\", \"Pretty Baby\", \"Winin' Boy Blues\" - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2004 Starsky & Hutch (special thanks) [PAR] 2003 Starsky & Hutch (Video Game) (special thanks) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2014-2015 Unsung Hollywood (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2012 The Rancho High School Riots (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Antonio Fargas [PAR] 2011 Life After (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 TV Burp (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2007 Queens of Disco (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 TV's Greatest Cars (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 This Morning (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 Loose Women (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2003 Loose Lips (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2002 Heroes of Black Comedy (TV Mini-Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2001 The RDA (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1998 The Roseanne Show (TV Series) [PAR] Pimp [PAR] 1998 Top Ten (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself - Presenter [PAR] 1994 The Word (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1979 The Hollywood Squares (TV Series) [PAR] Guest Appearance [PAR] 1993 La classe am\u00e9ricaine (TV Movie) [PAR] Huggy [PAR] Music video: Appeared in Snoop Dogg 's video \"Doggy Dogg World\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yeomen of the Queen's Body Guard Yeomen of the Queen's Body Guard [PAR] Yeomen of the Queen's Body Guard [PAR] Ceremonial Dress with Shoulder Belt [PAR] Tower Warder [PAR] [PAR] Pre-History [PAR] The earliest official form of body guard of which anything is known is that of the Sergeants-at-Arms who were mounted guards raised by Richard 1 in 1191. They were originally sons of knights , and later patents were granted to esquires . By the 15th century however, their role had been extended in such a way that the protection of the sovereign was no longer their first duty. [PAR] The first positive mention of a royal guard in English history is found in the records of Edward I \u00ef\u00bf\u00bds reign (1272\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1307), where the description occurs \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdCrossbow men of the Household\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. Nothing is actually known of this guard beyond the fact that it had a very short existence, as it is not mentioned again, and the long-bow was then becoming the national weapon, being much quicker in performance. The State records of Edward II\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds reign mention: [PAR] [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdarchers on foote for garde of the Kinge\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds body who shall go before the Kinge as he traveleth through the countrye\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] Edward II maintained this guard of archers, increasing its size and giving it thus a certain permanency, which had not previously existed. Each successive monarch since this time may be assumed to have enrolled a personal Body Guard, though details are not now available in all cases, certainly Henry V , the hero of Agincourt in 1415, and his \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdArchers of the Household\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd who accompanied him abroad and fought with him on the battlefield. These were maintained until the reduction of Henry VI \u00ef\u00bf\u00bds household in 1454, when the Wars of the Roses put an end to all but hereditary State and Household appointments. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Creation [PAR] There had been a long dynastic power struggle even before the forty years of battles ( Wars of the Roses ) between the [PAR] descendants of King Edward III . The feuding bloodlines, or Houses, the House of Lancaster (its badge being a red rose) and the House of York (its badge being a white rose) fought for the possession of the Crown of England and the power, wealth and influence that went with it. The Wars of the Roses began at St Albans in [PAR] 1455 and saw the weak Lancastrian King Henry VI (he often suffered from bouts of madness) deposed by the House of York and the new King, Edward IV , enthroned in 1461. In 1483, and seventeen battles later, a fourth King, Richard III (House of York) became Sovereign of England but by now, and thousands dead in battle, the rival Houses wished for peace. The decision was that the throne should be offered to Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond , on condition that he marry Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Edward IV, thus uniting the Houses of York and Lancaster and ending this costly war both in money and lives. Henry Tudor accepted the invitation and eventually embarked from Harfleur, France, for England in July 1485 with his \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdprivate guard of faithful followers,\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and a small military force of about 2000 men. Being himself of Welsh extraction, most of his adherents being Welshmen, and his private guard being Welsh born, it was but natural that Henry Tudor selected Wales as his base. He stepped ashore at the village of Dale in Milford Haven on the 1 August 1485; he was soon joined by the Welsh, who flocked to his Standard. With an increasing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Durian fruit nutrition facts and health benefits Durian fruit nutrition facts and health benefits [PAR] Custom Search [PAR] Durian fruit nutrition facts [PAR] One of its own kinds, durian fruit is delicious, soft, succulent and very popular for its unique characteristics. Durian is widely revered as the \"King of Fruits\" in the South-East Asian countries. [PAR] The durian tree is tropical in origin and belongs to family of Malvaceae, in the genus, Durio, a large family of plant species which also include some of the interesting relatives such as hibiscus, okra , etc. It is botanically known as Durio zibethinus. [PAR] Inside view of durian cut section. Golden-yellow flesh bulbs (Durio zibethinus) [PAR] Durian fruits in the market. Note for the dark green husk covered with sharp thorns. [PAR] The exotic durian is native to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysian rain forests. While there are 30 known species of Durio exist, only 9 of them have been identified for producing edible fruits. Durian tree starts bearing fruits after four or five years after plantation. The tree can grow upto 50 meters in height depending on the species. [PAR] Durian is a seasonal fruit; its season lasts typically from June until August which coincides with that of the other tropical specific fruits like mangosteen , jackfruit, and mango . [PAR] Durian fruit is distinctive for its large size, unique odor, and formidable thorn-covered husk. It can reach up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to four kilograms (two to seven lb). In shape, it varies from round to oblong; color of its husk (rind) is green with brown; and its flesh features creamy-yellow to saffron color bulbs depending upon the species. [PAR] The flesh or pulp of durian can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and is used as flavoring agent in a wide variety of culinary and sweet preparations in Southeast Asian cuisines. Durian seeds are small, round to oval shape kernels and appear like that of jackfruit seeds. Although boiled seeds can be eaten safely, many discard them. The seeds feature a bland taste akin to jackfruit seeds. [PAR] Its edible flesh emits a distinctive odor which can be described as strong and penetrating, appreciable from far even while its husk is intact. This unusual stinky and intense odor of the durian fruit may have prompted many people to express diverse and peculiar opinions ranging from deep appreciation to disgusting! [PAR] Health benefits of Durian fruit [PAR] Durian, like other tropical fruits such as Banana , avocado, and jackfruit , is high in energy, minerals and vitamins. 100 g fresh fruit carries 147 calories. [PAR] The fruit is made of soft, easily digestible flesh made of simple sugars like fructose and sucrose that when eaten replenishes energy and revitalizes the body instantly. Though it contains a relatively higher amounts of fats among the fruits, it is free from saturated fats and cholesterol. [PAR] Durian is rich in dietary fiber, which makes it a good bulk laxative. The fiber content helps protect the colon mucous membrane by decreasing exposure time to toxins. It also helps bind and eliminate cancer-causing chemicals from the gut. [PAR] The durian fruit is a good source of antioxidant vitamin-C (about 33% of RDA). Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the human body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful free radicals. [PAR] It is an excellent source of health benefiting B-complex groups of vitamins; a rare feature for fruits, such as niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Destroying the commons - Al Jazeera English Opinion [PAR] Destroying the commons [PAR] The Magna Carta outlined the rights of man nearly 1,000 years ago, yet the ruling classes have undermined it ever since. [PAR] 27 Jul 2012 07:41 GMT [PAR] Elite powers have spent the past few hundred years shredding the rights of workers and the poor [GALLO/GETTY] [PAR] By [PAR] Noam Chomsky is institute professor emeritus in the MIT Department of Linguistics and Philosophy. [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] Down the road only a few generations, the millennium of Magna Carta, one of the great events in the establishment of civil and human rights, will arrive. Whether it will be celebrated, mourned, or ignored is not at all clear. [PAR] That should be a matter of serious immediate concern. What we do right now, or fail to do, will determine what kind of world will greet that event. It is not an attractive prospect if present tendencies persist - not least, because the Great Charter is being shredded before our eyes. [PAR] The first scholarly edition of Magna Carta was published by the eminent jurist William Blackstone. It was not an easy task. There was no good text available. As he wrote, \u201cthe body of the charter has [PAR] Down the road only a few generations, the millennium of the Magna Carta, one of the great events in the establishment of civil and human rights, will arrive. Whether it will be celebrated, mourned, or ignored is not at all clear. [PAR] That should be a matter of serious immediate concern. What we do right now, or fail to do, will determine what kind of world will greet that event. It is not an attractive prospect if present tendencies persist - not least, because the Great Charter is being shredded before our eyes. [PAR] The first scholarly edition of Magna Carta was published by the eminent jurist William Blackstone. It was not an easy task. There was no good text available. As he wrote, \"the body of the charter has been unfortunately gnawn by rats\" - a comment that carries grim symbolism today, as we take up the task the rats left unfinished. [PAR] Blackstone's edition actually includes two charters. It was entitled The Great Charter and the Charter of the Forest. The first, the Charter of Liberties, is widely recognised to be the foundation of the fundamental rights of the English-speaking peoples - or as Winston S Churchill put it more expansively: \"The charter of every self-respecting man at any time in any land.\" Churchill was referring specifically to the reaffirmation of the charter by parliament in the Petition of Right, which implored King Charles to recognis\u00ad\u00ade that the law was sovereign, not the king. Charles agreed briefly, but soon violated his pledge, setting the stage for the murderous English Civil War. [PAR] After a bitter conflict between king and parliament, the power of royalty in the person of Charles II was restored. In defeat, the Magna Carta was not forgotten. One of the leaders of parliament, Henry Vane, was beheaded. On the scaffold, he tried to read a speech denouncing the sentence as a violation of the Magna Carta, but was drowned out by trumpets to ensure that such scandalous words would not be heard by the cheering crowds. His major crime had been to draft a petition calling the people \"the original of all just power\" in civil society - not the king, not even God. That was the position that had been strongly advocated by Roger Williams, the founder of the first free society"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mariah Carey - Music Box (1993) [Full Album] - YouTube Mariah Carey - Music Box (1993) [Full Album] - YouTube [PAR] Mariah Carey - Music Box (1993) [Full Album] [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Jan 29, 2012 [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herbert Hoover - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Herbert Hoover - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Early Years [PAR] Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa\u2013the first U.S. president to be born west of the Mississippi River. He was the second of three children in a family of Quakers, who valued honesty, industriousness and simplicity. His father, Jesse Clark Hoover (1846-80), worked as a blacksmith, and his mother, Hulda Minthorn Hoover (1848-84), was a teacher. Orphaned at age nine, Hoover was raised primarily by an uncle in Oregon . [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] On March 3, 1931, President Herbert Hoover signed a law that made \"The Star-Spangled Banner,\" based on an 1814 poem by Francis Scott Key (1779-1843), America's national anthem. [PAR] After attending Quaker schools, Hoover became part of the first class to enter Stanford University when it opened in 1891. He graduated four years later with a degree in geology and launched a lucrative career as a mining engineer. Intelligent and hardworking, Hoover traveled all over the world to find valuable mineral deposits and establish business enterprises to extract the resources. His work made him a multimillionaire. On February 10, 1899, Hoover married his college sweetheart, Lou Henry (1874-1944), and the couple had two sons, Herbert (1903-69) and Allan Henry (1907-93). [PAR] Humanitarian Work [PAR] At the start of World War I (1914-18), Hoover dedicated his talents to humanitarian work. He helped 120,000 stranded American tourists return home from Europe when the hostilities broke out, and coordinated the delivery of food and supplies to citizens of Belgium after that country was overrun by Germany. [PAR] When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) appointed Hoover head of the Food Administration. Hoover encouraged Americans to reduce their consumption of meat and other commodities in order to ensure a steady supply of food and clothing for the Allied troops. Once the war ended, Hoover, as head of the American Relief Administration, arranged shipments of food and aid to war-ravaged Europe. He earned worldwide acclaim for his humanitarian efforts, as well as thousands of appreciative letters from people across Europe who benefited from the free meals known as \u201cHoover lunches.\u201d [PAR] Hoover\u2019s success earned him an appointment as secretary of commerce under President Warren Harding (1865-1923), and he continued in this position under President Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933). During the fast-paced modernization of the 1920s, Hoover played an active role in organizing the fledgling radio broadcasting and civilian aviation industries, and also laid the groundwork for the construction of a huge dam on the Colorado River between Arizona and Nevada . (Named for Hoover, the dam opened in 1936.) [PAR] The Great Depression [PAR] In the U.S. presidential election of 1928, Hoover ran as the Republican Party\u2019s nominee. Promising to bring continued peace and prosperity to the nation, he carried 40 states and defeated Democratic candidate Alfred E. Smith (1873-1944), the governor of New York , by a record margin of 444-87 electoral votes. \u201cI have no fears for the future of our country,\u201d Hoover declared in his inaugural address. \u201cIt is bright with hope.\u201d [PAR] On October 24, 1929\u2013only seven months after Hoover took office\u2013a precipitous drop in the value of the U.S. stock market sent the economy spiraling downward and signaled the start of the Great Depression. Banks and businesses failed across the country. Nationwide unemployment rates rose from 3 percent in 1929 to 23 percent in 1932. Millions of Americans lost their jobs, homes and savings. Many people were forced to wait in bread lines"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walter Matthau - Actors and Actresses - Film Reference Walter Matthau - Actors and Actresses - Films as Actor:, Films as Director:, Publications [PAR] Walter Matthau - Actors and Actresses [PAR] Walter Matthau - Actors and Actresses [PAR] Nationality: American. Born: Walter Matuschanskayasky (some sources say Matasschanskayasky) in New York City, 1 October 1920. Education: Attended the New School for Social Research Dramatic Workshop under Irwin Piscator. Military Service: U.S. Air Force as a radioman-gunner, 1942\u201345. Family: Married 1) Grace Johnson, 1948 (divorced 1958), one son and daughter; 2) Carol Marcus Saroyan, 1959, one son: the director Charles Matthau. Career: Worked as a child actor in the New York Yiddish theater; made professional adult stage debut, 1946; worked in summer stock and on Broadway, 1948; later stage work includes roles in Once More , with Feeling , 1958, A Shot in the Dark , 1962, and The Odd Couple , 1965; made film debut in The Kentuckian, 1955; appeared in the TV series Tallahassee 7000, 1959; directed the film Gangster Story, 1960. Awards: Best Supporting Actor Academy Award, for The Fortune Cookie , 1966; Best Actor British Academy Award, for Pete 'n' Tillie and Charley Varrick , 1973; Best Motion Picture Actor-Musical/Comedy Golden Globe, for The Sunshine Boys, 1975; American Comedy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award, 1997. Died: Santa Monica, California, of a heart attack, 1 July 2000. [PAR] Films as Actor: [PAR] Hanging Up (Keaton) (as Lou Mozell) [PAR] Films as Director: [PAR] Gangster Story (+ ro as Jack Martin) [PAR] Publications [PAR] By MATTHAU: articles\u2014 [PAR] \"Rumpled Royalty\" (excerpt from \"The Player\u2014III,\" New Yorker , 4 November 1961), interview with Lillian Ross, in New Yorker , 31 May 1993. [PAR] \"Genius,\" interview with Karen Duffy, in Interview (New York), December 1994. [PAR] \"Kids!\" interview with H.C. Beck, in Interview (New York), Janu-ary 1996. [PAR] \"An Interview with Walter Matthau,\" interview with E. May, in New Yorker , 25 November 1996. [PAR] On MATTHAU: book\u2014 [PAR] Hunter, Allan, Walter Matthau , New York, 1984. [PAR] On MATTHAU: articles\u2014 [PAR] Current Biography 1966 , New York, 1966. [PAR] Eyles, Allen, \"Walter Matthau,\" in Focus on Film (London), Spring 1972. [PAR] Photoplay (London), January 1981 and April 1982. [PAR] Rubinstein, Leslie, \"One Fortunate Cookie,\" in American Film (Washington, D.C.), July-August 1983. [PAR] Film Dope (London), March 1989. [PAR] Slodowski, Jan, \"Walter Matthau,\" in Iluzjon (Warsaw), January-June 1990. [PAR] Parkinson, David, \"A Grumpy Old Couple,\" in Radio Times (Lon-don), 3 May 1997. [PAR] * * * [PAR] Walter Matthau was one of the motion picture industry's solid, respected character actors. He has 70 films to his credit, commencing\u2014after years of acting on the stage, where he honed his craft\u2014with The Kentuckian and The Indian Fighter in 1955. He was at his beloved best playing comically persnickety characters, generally opposite Jack Lemmon, his longtime co-star. [PAR] Early in his career, Matthau displayed his versatility in roles as dissimilar as Mel Miller, the astutely perceptive writer who sees through the sham of cynically manipulative television personality Lonesome Rhodes, in A Face in the Crowd ; Maxie Fields, the crime boss who menaces Elvis Presley, in King Creole ; and Sheriff Johnson, the Western lawman who doggedly pursues Kirk Douglas, in Lonely Are the Brave . At this stage of his career, Matthau did some extraordinary work in otherwise slight, forgettable films. In the Audie Murphy Western Ride a Crooked Trail , he offers a spirited performance as a flamboyant, dipsomaniacal judge. [PAR] Matthau did not transcend his status as all-purpose character actor until, in an inspired bit of casting, he and Jack Lemmon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Team USA Profile - 2010 FIBA World Championship Team USA Profile - 2010 FIBA World Championship [PAR] Michael Jordan [PAR] This summer, LeBron James, Dwayne Wade and Chris Bosh were focused on their NBA free agent status and will be staying at home. After playing in three straight NBA Finals, an injured Kobe Bryant (broken finger, right knee injury) will take the entire summer to recover. For various reasons, other former Olympians such as Dwight Howard, Carmelo Anthony and Chris Paul will not go to Turkey. Therefore, USA head coach Mike Krzyzewski will be counting on a new and exciting generation of rising stars (Kevin Durant, Derrick Rose, Russell Westbrook and Andre Iguodala) and some savvy veterans (Chauncey Billups and Lamar Odom) to get the job done in Istanbul. [PAR] \u201cI'm predicting that we would have a lot of young guys\u201d, said USA Basketball managing director Jerry Colangelo. \u201cBut we have a very deep roster. We will see who shows up. There will be a number of them who might not play because of free agency and personal issues. There could be five or six from the Olympic team that won't be there. We're prepared for that.\u201d [PAR] Actually, all eight core members of the team that won a gold medal in the 2008 Olympics have informed USA Basketball they have decided to skip this summer\u2019s tournament in Turkey. Despite these absences, coach K is still truly optimistic. \u201cI'm really excited about the players who were selected and who committed to be a part of the 2010-12 USA National Team.\u201d [PAR] In 2005, Team USA initiated its historic men\u2019s National Team programme and in 2008 it culminated with a gold medal run in Beijing, the USA\u2019s first gold in a major international competition since 2000. [PAR] Between 2006 and 2008, the USA compiled an unbelievable and rather striking 36-1 overall record. Yet, the USA finished only third in the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan and have not won the event since 1994 in Toronto. [PAR] Despite this, USA National Teams have compiled an overall 105-27 record in FIBA World Championship history and had mixed results in the competition. The Americans have won 10 medals in all \u2013 three gold (1954, 1986 and 1994), three silver (1950, 1959 and 1982) and four bronze (1974, 1990, 1998 and 2006). [PAR] This summer, Jerry Colangelo believes Team USA has to show respect by taking the event more seriously than they have in the past. \u201cWe know that this is the most important basketball competition in international basketball and it needs to be respected accordingly.\u201d [PAR] Despite being without their biggest stars, the USA still have a long and multi-talented core of players. Durant is a former NBA Rookie of the Year and won the league\u2019s scoring title last year. Rose is also a recipient of the Rookie of the Year award and, like Durant, a superstar in the making. Krzyzewski will also have some valuable experience and proven winners at his disposal with former NBA champion and Finals MVP Billups, Boston Celtics star guard Rajon Rondo as well as versatile forward Odom, who has helped the Los Angeles Lakers to consecutive championships these past two years. [PAR] Other national teams like Spain will have to think long and hard about how they are going to get more size and athleticism to compete against some of the best players from the NBA. If the USA are able to win this year, they will obtain a free ticket for the London Olympics in 2012. That would mean no qualifying round but just"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mamucium : definition of Mamucium and synonyms of Mamucium ... Mamucium : definition of Mamucium and synonyms of Mamucium (English) [PAR] Completed [PAR] 79 [PAR] Mamucium, also known as Mancunium, was a fort in the Roman province of Britannia . [1] The remains of the fort are protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument , and are located within the Castlefield area of the City of Manchester , in North West England ( grid reference SJ833977 ). [2] Founded c. AD 79, Mamucium was garrisoned by a cohort of auxiliary soldiers and guarded the road running from Chester to York . A vicus , or civilian settlement made up of traders and the families of the soldiers, grew outside the fort and was an area of industrial activity. [PAR] The site lay in ruins until the Industrial Revolution . During this period Manchester expanded and the fort was levelled to make way for new developments. It was damaged by the construction of the Rochdale Canal and the Great Northern Railway . The site is now part of the regenerated area of warehousing alongside the Rochdale Canal, part of the Castlefield Urban Heritage Park. Reconstructed remains of the fort's gatehouse, granaries, and some buildings from the vicus are on display to the public. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 5.1 Bibliography [PAR] Location [PAR] When the Roman fort in Castlefield was built, it was located on a naturally defensible sandstone bluff , guarding a nearby crossing over the River Medlock . [3] The fort was situated near a junction between at least two Roman roads . It guarded the road between the legionary fortresses of Deva Victrix (Chester) and Eboracum (York) running east to west, as well as the road between Manchester and Bremetennacum ( Ribchester ) to the north. [4] In addition, Mamucium may also have overlooked a lesser road running north west to Coccium ( Wigan ). [5] The fort was one of a chain of fortifications along the Eboracum to Deva Victrix road, with Castleshaw Roman fort lying 16 miles (26 km) to the east, [6] and Condate ( Northwich ) 18 miles (29 km) to the west. Stamps on tegulae indicate that Mamucium had administrative links not only with Castleshaw, the nearest fort, but also those at Slack and Ebchester ; all the forts probably got the tegulae from the same place in Grimescar Wood near Huddersfield . [7] [PAR] The area around the fort changed greatly in the centuries that followed; the remains are now surrounded by mills built during Industrial Revolution and were further damaged by the subsequent urbanisation of Manchester. Castlefield is located on the south west corner of Manchester city centre and the Rochdale Canal cuts through the southern corner of the fort. [5] Deansgate , which has developed into a busy thoroughfare, passes close to the east of the fort and follows the general line of Roman road to Ribchester and Castlefield . [5] [PAR] History [PAR] Reconstructed Gateway to Castlefield Roman Fort (Mamucium) [PAR] Although there is no evidence of prehistoric settlement, there is evidence of activity in the area. A Neolithic scraper , two Mesolithic flints and a flint flake have been discovered, as well as a shard of late Bronze Age pottery; however these were mostly not found in situ . [8] Although the area was in the territory of the Celtic tribe Brigantes until the Romans annexed the area, it may have been under the control of the Setantii , a sub-tribe of the Brigantes. [9] The fort was built around 79 AD; [10] it was built as part of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC SPORT | Cricket | Ashes 2005 | Ashes series ratings BBC SPORT | Cricket | Ashes 2005 | Ashes series ratings [PAR] Printable version [PAR] Ashes series ratings [PAR] BBC Sport runs the rule over both Ashes teams after one of the greatest Test series of all time. [PAR] ENGLAND [PAR] Michael Vaughan (captain) - 8: The captain who won England the Ashes. Out-manouvered Ricky Ponting with his inventive field positions and led his troops with authority and coolness - no mean feat in arguably the most tension-fraught series of them all. [PAR] His batting was once again inconsistent - he seems to find new ways of getting himself out - but a classical 166 at Old Trafford reminded the world what a glorious stroke-maker he can be. [PAR] Batting: 326 runs at an average of 32.60 [PAR] Marcus Trescothick - 8: Finished as England's second-leading run scorer and can justifiably claim to be world-class after his first series success against Australia. [PAR] Will be hugely disappointed not to have converted one of his half-centuries into a first Ashes ton but his aggressive 90 at Edgbaston got England back on track after a woeful start at Lord's. [PAR] Batting: 431 runs at 43.10 [PAR] Andrew Strauss - 7: Struggled on occasions against Shane Warne, but didn't everyone? Came back well when Warne called him a 'walking wicket' after the Edgbaston game and went on to score two lovely centuries. [PAR] Had his moments in the field too, making up for a couple of dropped catches with one of the greats - a one-handed, diving screamer to dismiss Adam Gilchrist from second slip at Trent Bridge. [PAR] Batting: 393 runs at 39.30 [PAR] Ian Bell - 4: The selectors placed a huge amount of faith in the 23-year-old and, despite a succession of poor scores, kept him in the side for the entire series. [PAR] Two brave half-centuries at Old Trafford showed Bell at his dogged, stubborn best and his fielding from short leg was impressive. But a long way from cementing his place in the team. [PAR] Batting: 171 runs at 17.10 [PAR] Kevin Pietersen - 8: Quite simply played the innings that brought the Ashes back home. England were wobbling at The Oval when he came to the crease and his sensational 158 took the game beyond Australia. [PAR] Showed the same maturity and guts in the first innings at Lord's to help England reach near-respectability after being 21-5, the only blemish on his debut series being the six catches he dropped. [PAR] Batting: 473 runs at 52.55 [PAR] Andrew Flintoff - 10: A truly monumental series from the world's finest all-round cricketer. 402 runs and 24 wickets tells only part of the story as the big Lancastrian put cricket firmly back in the nation's consciousness. [PAR] His 62-ball 68 at Edgbaston swung the momentum England's way and the way he removed Justin Langer and Ricky Ponting in one over of the Australians' second innings in the same Test almost defied belief. [PAR] Yet showed his true sportsmanship by commiserating with Brett Lee after the nail-biting finish, a touch of real class. [PAR] Batting: 402 runs at 40.20 [PAR] Bowling: 24 wickets at 27.29 [PAR] Geraint Jones - 6: Came under severe criticism for some dropped catches and missed stumpings, not to mention his rush-of-blood dismissal at the hands of Shane Warne in the Trent Bridge run chase. [PAR] But it should not be forgotten that he took a stunning reflex catch to dismiss Ricky Ponting at Old Trafford and struck a gutsy 85 in tandem"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MCMLXXIV in Roman Numerals | InRomanNumerals.com MCMLXXIV in Roman Numerals | InRomanNumerals.com [PAR] MCMLXXIV in Roman Numerals [PAR] The Roman Numerals MCMLXXIV represents 1974 [PAR] Decimal Number"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to score points - BBC News BBC SPORT | Rugby League | Laws & Equipment | How to score points [PAR] How to score points [PAR] There are four main ways to score in rugby league: [PAR] Try - four points [PAR] A try is worth four points - the maximum number of points you can score in one go in rugby league. [PAR] It is scored when a player puts the ball on the ground with \"downward pressure\" (very important) inside the opposition's in-goal area between the try line and dead ball line. [PAR] If a defender makes an offence while the opposition are about to score a try, then the referee can award a penalty kick in front of the posts after the conversion kick. [PAR] This means the opposition can score eight points if they are successful in scoring the try, the goal kick and the penalty kick. [PAR] But if the try was not scored because of the offence, the referee will award a penalty try in front of the posts, as well as the extra penalty kick. [PAR] Goal kick - two points [PAR] A team is awarded a goal kick after a try has been scored. The team has the chance to \"convert\" the kick at goal for two further points. [PAR] The kick is taken from a point level with where the try was scored. [PAR] The kick is successful if the ball goes between the opposition's goalposts and above the crossbar. [PAR] Penalty - two points [PAR] The referee will award a penalty when an offence has occurred. [PAR] A player can punt, drop kick or take a place kick anywhere behind where the offence took place. [PAR] They also have the choice of kicking for goal or for touch. [PAR] A kick for goal is worth two points if successful. [PAR] But to be successful, the ball has to go through the opposition's goalposts, above the crossbar. [PAR] Two touch judges will raise their flags if the penalty is successfully kicked. [PAR] If the team who gave away the penalty argue or commit further offences, the referee will punish them by taking the penalty 10 metres forward towards their goal-line. [PAR] The team kicking also gets a new set of six tackles to play with. [PAR] Play is re-started by placing the ball on the ground 10 metres into the field of play, parallel to where the ball went out to touch. [PAR] Teams can kick in any direction even backwards if they want to find space for a set play. [PAR] Drop goal - one point [PAR] A drop goal can be a spectacular way of scoring. If successful it will add one point to a team's score. [PAR] A drop goal is scored when a player kicks the ball from hand through the opposition's goal posts, above the crossbar. [PAR] However, the ball must touch the ground between being dropped and kicked."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dali - WikiArt.org ... The Persistence of Memory, 1931 - Salvador Dali - WikiArt.org [PAR] The Persistence of Memory [PAR] it is a historically significant artwork [PAR] the image is only being used for informational and educational purposes [PAR] the image is readily available on the internet [PAR] the image is a low resolution copy of the original artwork and is unsuitable for commercial use [PAR] More \u2026 [PAR] WikiArt.org allows unlimited copying, distributing and displaying of the images of public domain artworks solely. We use here Copyright term based on authors' deaths according to U.S. Copyright Law, that is 70 years. In other countries, the duration of copyright term may differ. Please check here copyright length according to your country's legislation before you consider reproducing images borrowed from Wikipaintings.org [PAR] Artworks protected by copyright are supposed to be used only for contemplation. Images of that type of artworks are prohibited for copying, printing, or any kind of reproducing and communicating to public since these activities may be considered copyright infringement. [PAR] Salvador Dali [PAR] Original Title: La persistencia de la memoria [PAR] Date: 1931 [PAR] Dimensions: 33 x 24.1 cm [PAR] Location: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, NY, US [PAR] References: www.theartstory.org [PAR] The Persistence of Memory is by far Salvador Dali\u2019s most recognizable painting, and there are many references to it in popular culture. Although it was conjectured that the soft melting watches were the result of Dali\u2019s interpretation of the theory of relativity, Dali himself state that their inspiration was camembert cheese melting under the sun. The sequence of melting clocks in a disjointed landscape is the depiction of a dream that Dali had experienced, the figure in the middle of the painting being the face of the dreamer himself. The general interpretation is that the painting, which portrays many melting watches, is a rejection of time as a solid and deterministic influence. This iconic and much-reproduced painting depicts time as a series of melting watches surrounded by swarming ants that hint at decay, an organic process in which Dali held an unshakeable fascination. Elaborated in the frontispiece to the Second Surrealist Manifesto, the seminal distinction between hard and soft objects, associated by Dali with order and putrefaction respectively, informs his working method in subverting inherent textual properties: the softening of hard objects and corresponding hardening of soft objects. It is likely that Dali was using the clocks to symbolize mortality (specifically his own) rather than literal time, as the melting flesh in the painting's center is loosely based on Dali's profile. The cliffs that provide the backdrop are taken from images of Catalonia, Dali's home.[DOC] [TLE] Dali, The Persistence of Memory | Surrealism | Khan Academy Dali, The Persistence of Memory (video) | Khan Academy [PAR] Dali, The Persistence of Memory [PAR] Latin American Modernism [PAR] Video transcript [PAR] (piano music) Steven: At the Museum of Modern Art there is this tiny painting by Salvador Dali, which is the painting that everybody wants to see. That and Starry Night by Van Gogh are the two stars. We thought it would be really interesting to talk about why this painting is so wildly popular. This is the Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali. Sal: And here I understand why people kind of connect to it now. I mean anybody who has ever tried to make an album for a rock band is inspired by Salvador Dali. There is also this kind of fun of, \"What are you looking at?\" is really playing with reality. It's kind"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mozart to his wife, Constanze - Gyford Mozart to his wife, Constanze [PAR] Mozart to his wife, Constanze [PAR] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, one of the finest composers the world has ever known, had two great loves in his life; the first was music; and the second was Constanze Weber, whom he married in Vienna on August 4, 1782. She was 20, he was 26. [PAR] By the time they married, Mozart's life had already been a long succession of journeys in search of a patron who would free him from financial insecurity and allow him to devote all his energy to composing music. His concert tours began in Salzburg, where he was acclaimed as a musical prodigy at the age of five. He and his elder sister, Maria-Anna, performed in the courts and cathedrals of many of Europe's greatest cities: Munich, Augsburg, Mainz, Frankfurt, Paris, London, and Vienna. In 1772, Mozart at 16 had already written 25 symphonies and his first string quartets. His travels brought him much honor, but not much money, and he tended to be extravagant with what little he earned. [PAR] It was in September 1777, while staying in Manneheim with his mother, that Mozart first met Constanze's family, the Webers. He fell in love with her eldest sister, Aloysia, a singer of some promise but little experience. Mozart made grand plans to take her to Italy and start her in a career in opera, but his father Leopold, who never trusted the Weber family, persuaded him against it. A year later Aloysia's feelings for Mozart had cooled, and he wrote to his father on December 29, 1778, [PAR] \"I can only weep. I have far too sensitive a heart.\" [PAR] Nevertheless, Mozart stayed in close touch with the family, and on December 15, 1781, he wrote again to his father revealing his plans to marry: [PAR] \"Owing to my disposition, which is more inclined to a peaceful and domesticated existence than to revelry, I, who from my youth up have never been accustomed to look after my belongings, linen clothes and so forth, cannot think of anything more necessary to me than a wife...A bachelor in my opinion is only half alive.\" [PAR] His attention had now turned to Aloysia's sister, dark-eyed Constanze, with her pretty figure and, [PAR] \"the kindest heart in the world...I love her and she loves me with all her heart.\" [PAR] Mozart brought to his marriage an engaging personality, limitless talent, and plenty of optimism, but few prospects. He promised her family that if he did not marry Constanze within three years he would pay her 300 gulden every year for the rest of his life. [PAR] At their wedding in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, Mozart and Constanze wept, as did the congregation, and the priest. It was a marriage of deep affection and understanding, both much needed through their years together. Constanze was frequently ill and often with child. In nine years she gave birth to six children, only two of whom survived. Though Mozart probably was, as his great friend, the composer Joseph Haydn, described him, [PAR] \"the greatest composer now living in the world,\" [PAR] he was struggling financially. His career was at the mercy of musical fashion in Vienna, and he was often forced to go on tour in order to pay the doctor's bills for Constanze. Constanze's fondness for her husband and unfailing belief in him were put to the test. Two days before the opening night of Mozart's new opera, Don Giovanni, in Prague in 1787, Mozart had not yet written"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] When is St. Patrick's Day in 2017? | The Old Farmers Almanac When is St. Patrick's Day in 2017? | The Old Farmers Almanac [PAR] Rate this Article: [PAR] Average: 3.9 (41 votes) [PAR] When is St. Patrick\u2019s Day in 2017? Who is St. Patrick? Why do we wear shamrocks? Did he drink green beer? Enjoy St. Patrick\u2019s Day history, legend, and lore! [PAR] Who Was Saint Patrick? [PAR] St. Patrick was the patron saint and national apostle of Ireland who is credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland. [PAR] March 17 is widely accepted as the date of St. Patrick\u2019s death in A.D. 461. [PAR] Was there really a St. Patrick? Definitely. Did he really drive the snakes out of Ireland? Probably not. [PAR] At age 16 (around A.D. 400), Patrick was kidnapped from his home on the west coast of England and carried off to Ireland. After six years, he escaped; upon returning home, he received his call (in a dream) to preach the Gospel. He spent the next 15 or so years in a monastery, preparing for his missionary work. Although some Christians lived in Ireland at the time, it was Patrick who spread Christianity throughout the land and brought an organized church into existence. [PAR] We wear a shamrock on St. Patrick\u2019s Day because Patrick used its three leaves to explain the Trinity. But, as far as we know, he never drank green beer! [PAR] Long before the shamrock became associated with St. Patrick\u2019s Day (March 17), the four-leaf clover was regarded by ancient Celts as a charm against evil spirits. [PAR] In the early 1900s, O. H. Benson, an Iowa school superintendent, came up with the idea of using a clover as the emblem for a newly founded agricultural club for children in his area. In 1911, the four-leaf clover was chosen as the emblem for the national club program, later named 4-H. [PAR] St. Patrick\u2019s Day of the Week 2017 [PAR] * See note below.[DOC] [TLE] St. Patrick's Day - Time and Date AS St. Patrick's Day [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays St. Patrick's Day [PAR] St. Patrick's Day [PAR] St Patrick\u2019s Day is a global celebration of Irish culture on or around March 17. It particularly remembers St Patrick, one of Ireland\u2019s patron saints, who ministered Christianity in Ireland during the fifth century. [PAR] St Patrick\u2019s Day is celebrated in countries with people of Irish decent. [PAR] St Patrick\u2019s Day is celebrated in countries with people of Irish decent. [PAR] \u00a9bigstockphoto.com/Stu99 [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] St Patrick\u2019s Day is celebrated in many parts of the world, especially by Irish communities and organizations. Many people wear an item of green clothing on the day. Parties featuring Irish food and drinks that are dyed in green food color are part of this celebration. It is a time when children can indulge in sweets and adults can enjoy a \u201cpint\u201d of beer at a local pub. Many restaurants and pubs offer Irish food or drink, which include: [PAR] Irish brown bread. [PAR] Irish potato champ, also known as poundies, cally or pandy. [PAR] Irish stew. [PAR] Irish potato soup. [PAR] Some people plan a pilgrimage to St Patrick\u2019s Purgatory, which is commonly associated with penance and spiritual healing since the early 13th century. It is on Station Island in Lough Derg in County Donegal where St Patrick had a vision promising that all who came to the sanctuary in penitence and faith would receive a pardon for their sins. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] St Patrick's Day is a bank holiday in Northern Ireland ("
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) - Animals - A-Z Animals ... Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) - Animals - A-Z Animals [PAR] Five groups that classify all living things [PAR] Animalia [PAR] A group of animals within the animal kingdom [PAR] Chordata [PAR] A group of animals within a pylum [PAR] Mammalia [PAR] A group of animals within a class [PAR] Primates [PAR] A group of animals within an order [PAR] Hominidae [PAR] A group of animals within a family [PAR] Pan [PAR] Comprised of the genus followed by the species [PAR] Pan troglodytes [PAR] Most widely used name for the species [PAR] Chimpanzee [PAR] The domestic group such as cat or dog [PAR] Mammal [PAR] The specific area where the animal lives [PAR] Tropical forest and woody savanna [PAR] The colour of the animal's coat or markings [PAR] Black, Brown [PAR] The protective layer of the animal [PAR] Hair [PAR] How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is [PAR] 1m - 1.7m (3.25ft - 5.5ft) [PAR] The measurement of how heavy the animal is [PAR] 26kg - 70kg (57lbs - 154lbs) [PAR] The fastest recorded speed of the animal [PAR] 40kph (25mph) [PAR] What kind of foods the animal eats [PAR] Omnivore [PAR] The food that the animal gains energy from [PAR] Fruits, Seeds, Insects [PAR] Other animals that hunt and eat the animal [PAR] Leopards, Snakes, Humans [PAR] Whether the animal is solitary or sociable [PAR] Diurnal [PAR] How long the animal lives for [PAR] 50 - 60 years [PAR] The average number of babies born at once [PAR] 1 [PAR] The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct [PAR] Endangered [PAR] Dexterous hands and feet and complex communication [PAR] Fun Fact: [PAR] Has 32 teeth including fang-like canines! [PAR] Chimpanzee Location [PAR] Chimpanzee [PAR] Chimpanzee Classification and Evolution [PAR] The Chimpanzee is a species of ape that is natively found in a variety of different habitats in western and central Africa . Closely related to other great apes including Orang-Utans and Gorillas , the Chimpanzee is also very closely related to Humans as we share 98% of the same DNA. They are thought to be the most intelligent animals on the planet after people and are not only known to show emotion but they are also great problem-solvers and are even known to not just use, but also make tools to help them to survive more successfully in their surroundings. There are two different species of Chimpanzee which are the Common Chimpanzee and the smaller Bonobo (also known as the Pygmy Chimpanzee) which has a limited distribution south of the Congo River. However, despite being highly adaptable and intelligent creatures, Chimpanzees are severely threatened in their natural habitats today, mainly due to hunting for bushmeat and deforestation. [PAR] Chimpanzee Anatomy and Appearance [PAR] Chimpanzees are large primates that have long yet sparse black hairs covering their bodies with the exception of their face, palms and the soles of their feet. Their hair not only allows them to remain warm in areas at higher altitudes but it also provides their skin with some protection from the sun. The hairless parts of their bodies are light to dark brown in colour depending on the age of the individual (their skin darkens as they mature). They have large ears that give them excellent hearing and a heavy brow-ridge over their eyes. Like other great apes, Chimpanzees have good sight and are able to see in colour , while their forward facing eyes allow them to focus on a single object clearly. They have long fingers and an opposable big toe that helps"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Madagascar - Republic of Madagascar - Country Profile ... Madagascar - Republic of Madagascar - Country Profile - Republique de Madagascar - Repoblikan'i Madagasikara - Africa - Tourism Madagascar [PAR] [PAR] Location map of Madagascar [PAR] A virtual travel guide to the big red island. Madagascar is a large Southern African island in the Indian Ocean, about 450 km (280 mi) east of the coast of Mozambique . [PAR] It is the fourth largest island in the world, and many of its plants and animals are unique to the island. The prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana separated the Madagascar-Antarctica-India landmass from the Africa-South America landmass around 135 million years ago. Madagascar later split from India about 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in relative isolation. [PAR] With an area of 587,041 km\u00b2, Madagascar is about the size of Ukraine , the largest all-European country, or almost twice the size of the US state of Arizona . [PAR] The island has a population of more than 22 million inhabitants. Capital city of Madagascar is Antananarivo . [PAR] Below you will find more about Malagasy culture, history and geography. Get key information on Madagascar's economy, education, environment, people, and government. [PAR] Get news from Madagascar, find maps and other tourism information for sightseeing, travel and vacation in Madagascar. [PAR] [PAR] Antsirab\u00e9 (about 500 000), Mahajanga (about 400 000), Toamasina (about 450 000) [PAR] Government: [PAR] Independence: 26 June 1960 (from France) [PAR] Constitution: 19 August 1992 by national referendum [PAR] Geography: [PAR] Location: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique. [PAR] Area : 587,040 km\u00b2 (226,658 sq mil.) about the size of Texas or France. [PAR] Terrain: Mountainous central plateau, coastal plain. [PAR] Climate: tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south, periodic cyclones. [PAR] People: [PAR] Nationality: Malagasy [PAR] Population : 21 million (est. 2014) [PAR] Ethnic Groups: 18 separate tribal groups of Malayo-Indonesian, mixed African and Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry, French, Indian, Creole, Comoran. [PAR] Religions: Indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%. [PAR] Languages : Malagasy (of Malayo-Polynesian origin), French, (both official), English [PAR] Literacy: 70% [PAR] Natural resources: Graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower. [PAR] Agriculture products: Coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products. [PAR] Industries: Meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism. [PAR] Exports - commodities: coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, clothing, chromite, petroleum products [PAR] Exports partners: France 23.4%, China 6.6%, USA 6.6%, Singapore 5.9%, Canada 5.5%, Germany 5.4%, Indonesia 5.3%, India 5.2%, South Africa 4.5% (2012) [PAR] Imports partners: China 17.7%, France 12.4%, South Africa 5.3%, India 5.1%, Mauritius 5%, Bahrain 4.7%, Kuwait 4.6% (2012) [PAR] Currency: Ariary and Malagasy Franc (FMG) [PAR] Note: External links will open in a new browser window."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pyongyang - definition of Pyongyang by The Free Dictionary Pyongyang - definition of Pyongyang by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Pyongyang - definition of Pyongyang by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pyongyang [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Pyong\u00b7yang [PAR] (py\u016dng\u2032y\u00e4ng\u2032, -y\u0103ng\u2032, py\u00f4ng\u2032-) [PAR] The capital and largest city of North Korea, in the southwest-central part of the country. It was an important cultural center and Chinese colony after 108 bc, later fell to the Japanese, and became capital of North Korea in 1948. [PAR] Pyongyang [PAR] P'y\u014fng-yang [PAR] n [PAR] (Placename) the capital of North Korea, in the southwest on the Taedong River: industrial centre; university (1946). Pop: 3 284 000 (2005 est) [PAR] Pyong\u2022yang [PAR] the capital of North Korea, in the SW part. 2,639,448. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Pyongyang - capital of North Korea and an industrial center; \"Pyongyang is Korea's oldest city but little of its history has been preserved\" [PAR] D.P.R.K. , Democratic People's Republic of Korea , DPRK , North Korea - a communist country in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948 [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Wonsan [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Pyongyang has carried out a series of rocket and short-range missile launches in recent weeks which have prompted stern reactions from South Korea and the United States. [PAR] world news bulletin: S Korea to inspect North's fuel rods [PAR] Feinstein was one of the key Clinton State Department officials who a decade earlier had set up the infamous \"Agreed Framework\" (brokered by former president Jimmy Carter) to provide the Communist Pyongyang regime with light-water nuclear reactors, oil, cash and food--in exchange for Kim Jong Il's promise to cease its nuclear weapons program.[DOC] [TLE] P'yongyang | national capital, North Korea | Britannica.com P'yongyang | national capital, North Korea | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, North Korea [PAR] Choi Hong Hi [PAR] P\u2019y\u014fngyang, province-level municipality and capital of North Korea . It is located in the west-central part of the country, on the Taedong River about 30 miles (48 km) inland from Korea Bay of the Yellow Sea . The city site occupies a level area on both sides of the river, and the built-up area spreads northward and eastward toward low mountains. P\u2019y\u014fngyang is reputed to be the oldest city in Korea. Pop. (2008) city (urban area), 2,581,076; municipality, 3,255,288. [PAR] The skyline of Pyongyang, North Korea. [PAR] Ron McMillan/Gamma Liaison [PAR] History [PAR] The ancient capital of the legendary Tangun dynasty (2333 bce) was located on the site where, according to legend , the modern city of P\u2019y\u014fngyang was founded in 1122 bce. The city\u2019s recorded history began in 108 bce with the establishment of a Chinese trading colony near P\u2019y\u014fngyang, and the city was subsequently fortified. In 427 ce P\u2019y\u014fngyang became the capital of the Kogury\u014f kingdom, but in 668 it was captured by Chinese invaders. Later the kings of the Kory\u014f dynasty (918\u20131392) made P\u2019y\u014fngyang their secondary capital. The city fell to the Japanese in 1592 and was devastated by the Manchu in the early 17th century. [PAR] The successive invasions left their mark on the Koreans, who became suspicious of all foreigners. When Korea finally opened its doors to foreigners in the 16th century, P\u2019y\u014fngyang became the base of an intensive campaign to bring Christianity to Korea. More than 100 churches"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kasey's Creature Features- Hammerkop - Tokyo Mew Mew - Fanpop Kasey's Creature Features- Hammerkop - Tokyo Mew Mew - Fanpop [PAR] Kasey's Creature Features- Hammerkop [PAR] Guide by [PAR] AnimeFan66 posted over a year ago [PAR] Hi again all you wonderful, awsome fans of the world! ^_^ It is yours turely, Kasey again. [PAR] Sense it's been so long, I have deicded to intrest you guys in another one of my awsome transformations. I hope ya'll like this one. [PAR] Anyway, lets go! :D [PAR] __________________________________________________ [PAR] This new transfromation I'm about to show ya'll might not intrest you that much, but I think when you hear about this animal, you might be lucky enough that you're reading this. [PAR] Meet the Hammerkop. [PAR] This tiny bird is most commonly named becuase if you include a mohawk on the top of the head and a bill together, it looks alomst like a hammer. The Hammerkop is found only in Africa and lives near rivers and lakes where it'll occasionaly find fish and water creatures to eat. [PAR] This transformation of mine might not be too deadly or powerful or even surprising, but people who witness me as this bird are sure amazed by what they see. Even Ichigo and the others are amazed by this transformation. [PAR] The powers that this transformation possess are not really to lethal or powerful. But if an enemy happens to grab me, I quickly slam my beak on theri hands like a hammer. And trust me, you won't like it when peck your hand. It hurts! [PAR] But other than hammering my enemies, that is basically my powers when I'm this bird. [PAR] And I also love to transforme into this bird on several occasions. Like if the girls were to have taken a vacation near a lake or rushing river, I would sometimes often turn into this bird so I can look realistic. Kind of much like the real Hammerkop would do in it's natural habitat in Africa. And sometimes, I would often transfrome into this bird when ordered. [PAR] That pretty much covers everything with this extoic bird. I hope you guys enjoyed seeing me as this rare bird. And stya tune for me new creatures heading your way. Bye! ^_^ [PAR] You can tell by my razor bill and tuffed area on my head that my face does look a lot like a hammer.[DOC] [TLE] Mpala Live! Field Guide: Hammerkop | MpalaLive Mpala Live! Field Guide: Hammerkop | MpalaLive [PAR] The interior stays dry even during violent rainstorms thanks to their waterproof sides. [PAR] Correct! [PAR] Incorrect! [PAR] Hammerkop nests are so large that other animals including snakes, mongooses, lizards, and other birds often live in them at the same time. [PAR] Social Structure [PAR] Hammerkops live in pairs but also gather in groups. As many as ten hammerkops may join in a ceremony where they run around in circles and call loudly. Males raise their crests and flutter their wings. They may also mimic mating. Real mating occurs near the nest. [PAR] Communication [PAR] Hammerkops trill and yip, sometimes in chorus. In flight, they may produce a long-distance kyip. [PAR] Behavior [PAR] Hammerkops are wading birds with partially webbed feet. They usually feed alone or in pairs during the morning in shallow water sources and roost in trees at midday. [PAR] Conservation [PAR] The overall population trend is stable or increasing. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ranks them as lower risk. [PAR] Diet [PAR] Hammerkops eat frogs, fish, invertebrates, and crustaceans found in shallow water."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nureyev meets Margot Fonteyn - Rudolf Nureyev Foundation Nureyev meets Margot Fonteyn - Rudolf Nureyev Foundation [PAR] \"At the end of Swan Lake, when she left the stage [PAR] in her great white tutu [PAR] I would have followed her to the end of the world.\" [PAR] Rudolf Nureyev [PAR] In 1961, Nureyev was invited to make his London debut at the annual gala organised by Margot Fonteyn for the Royal Academy of Dancing. He asked to dance Spectre de la Rose with her but she was already committed to do this with John Gilpin, and anyway was not sure how well she and \"this young Russian\" would suit each other. Nureyev therefore danced Black Swan with Hightower and a solo, Po\u00e8me tragique, made for him by Frederick Ashton. [PAR] The gala led the Royal Ballet to invite him to dance Giselle with Fonteyn the next season, also Swan Lake, the Don Quixote pas de deux, Les Sylphides and Sleeping Beauty with guest ballerinas Sonia Arova and Yvette Chauvir\u00e9. Between whiles, Nureyev also danced with Bruhn, Arova and Hightower in Cannes and Paris, performing pieces created or staged by the two men, and he made his New York debut on television (substituting for the injured Bruhn in Bournonville's Flower Festival at Genzano duet with Tallchief), then on stage with Ruth Page's Chicago Opera Ballet. [PAR] Thus was laid the groundwork for his subsequent career: a lasting link with the Royal Ballet, frequent appearances with other companies, the beginning of his activities as producer and choreographer, and perhaps above all his partnership with Fonteyn. Both of them danced with many other partners who almost always looked better in consequence, but they were most proud of what they achieved together. He at 23 gave her at 42 a new burst of energy and understanding; she inspired him and helped him settle down. [PAR] Each learned a lot from the other and danced at their very best together. He greatly wanted to dance with her in Leningrad and show what they achieved (unfortunately by the time he was allowed to dance there she had retired and he was far past his best). His explanation of their extraordinary success was \"It's not her, it's not me, it's the sameness of the goal\". [PAR] People were so eager to see them together that their agent charged far more for them as a pair than the sum of their already high individual fees. They remained lifelong close friends too."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jumanji (1995) - IMDb Jumanji (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] When two kids find and play a magical board game, they release a man trapped for decades in it and a host of dangers that can only be stopped by finishing the game. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 07 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 06 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 27 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 02 Sep 2014 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 17 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Jumanji \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] After a bitter divorce, an actor disguises himself as a female housekeeper to spend time with his children held in custody by his former wife. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] When Captain Hook kidnaps his children, an adult Peter Pan must return to Neverland and reclaim his youthful spirit in order to challenge his old enemy. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A newly recruited night security guard at the Museum of Natural History discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc. [PAR] Director: Shawn Levy [PAR] A martial arts master agrees to teach karate to a bullied teenager. [PAR] Director: John G. Avildsen [PAR] One year after Kevin was left home alone and had to defeat a pair of bumbling burglars, he accidentally finds himself in New York City, and the same criminals are not far behind. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] The scientist father of a teenage girl and boy accidentally shrinks his and two other neighborhood teens to the size of insects. Now the teens must fight diminutive dangers as the father searches for them. [PAR] Director: Joe Johnston [PAR] A troubled child summons the courage to help a friendly alien escape Earth and return to his home world. [PAR] Director: Steven Spielberg [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Four kids travel through a wardrobe to the land of Narnia and learn of their destiny to free it with the guidance of a mystical lion. [PAR] Director: Andrew Adamson [PAR] Story of a wonderful little girl, who happens to be a genius, and her wonderful teacher vs. the worst parents ever and the worst school principal imaginable. [PAR] Director: Danny DeVito [PAR] An 8-year old troublemaker must protect his home from a pair of burglars when he is accidentally left home alone by his family during Christmas vacation. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] Two young brothers are drawn into an intergalactic adventure when their house is hurled through the depths of space by the magical board game they are playing. [PAR] Director: Jon Favreau [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] After being trapped in a jungle board game for 26 years, a Man-Child wins his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How does leukemia affect the body? - Leukemia - Sharecare How does leukemia affect the body? - Leukemia - Sharecare [PAR] How does leukemia affect the body? [PAR] Topics | Cancer | Leukemia | How does leukemia affect the body? [PAR] A Answers (1) [PAR] A Baptist Health South Florida answered [PAR] Leukemia affects the body by disrupting the normal balance of cells in the blood and their ability to do their jobs. Reduced levels of white blood cells, which normally defend the body from infection, can lead to higher chances of catching secondary diseases. Reduced levels of platelets, the cells that cause blood to clot, lead to more frequent bruises and nosebleeds. If the cancerous cells spread to the brain, headaches and nausea can result from tissues around the brain and spinal cord becoming irritated and inflamed. Finally, painful bones can result from the cancerous cells spreading into the bone marrow. [PAR] Helpful? 4 people found this helpful. [PAR] This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. [PAR] Videos (6)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is phonetics? - SIL International What is phonetics? [PAR] What is phonetics? [PAR] Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds. [PAR] Branches [PAR] Phonetics is divided into three branches: [PAR] [PAR] The study of the sound waves made by the human vocal organs for communication. [PAR] Auditory phonetics [PAR] The study of how speech sounds are perceived by the ear, auditory nerve, and brain. [PAR] Source [PAR] In bookshelf: Linguistics [PAR] This page is an extract from the LinguaLinks Library , Version 5.0 published on CD-ROM by SIL International , 2003. [ Ordering information .] [PAR] Page content last modified: 2 July 1998 [PAR] \u00a9 2004 SIL International[DOC] [TLE] Phonetics | Define Phonetics at Dictionary.com Phonetics | Define Phonetics at Dictionary.com [PAR] phonetics [PAR] [fuh-net-iks, foh-] /f\u0259\u02c8n\u025bt \u026aks, fo\u028a-/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun, (used with a singular verb) [PAR] 1. [PAR] the science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. [PAR] the phonetic system or the body of phonetic facts of a particular language. [PAR] 3. [PAR] the symbols used to represent the speech sounds of a language. [PAR] Origin of phonetics [PAR] [fuh-net-ik, foh-] /f\u0259\u02c8n\u025bt \u026ak, fo\u028a-/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] adjective [PAR] 1. [PAR] Also, phonetical. of or relating to speech sounds, their production, or their transcription in written symbols. [PAR] 2. [PAR] phonetic spelling. [PAR] 4. [PAR] concerning or involving the discrimination of nondistinctive elements of a language. In English, certain phonological features, as length and aspiration, are phonetic but not phonemic. [PAR] noun [PAR] 5. [PAR] (in Chinese writing) a written element that represents a sound and is used in combination with a radical to form a character. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1820-30; < New Latin ph\u014dn\u0113ticus < Greek ph\u014dn\u0113tik\u00f3s vocal, equivalent to ph\u014dn\u0113t(\u00f3s) to be spoken (verbid of ph\u014dne\u00een to speak) + -ikos -ic [PAR] Related forms [PAR] Examples from the Web for phonetics [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] It was a small step in learning to stick to my guns, but a leap in my comprehension of phonetics. [PAR] The American Language Henry L. Mencken [PAR] Presisnes, for 'preciseness,' is a good example of the quaint tricks played by phonetics. [PAR] The English Language Robert Gordon Latham [PAR] Here the connexion in phonetics and the connexion in language closely coincide. [PAR] The English Language Robert Gordon Latham [PAR] Some of these phonetics even came to be used eventually as representatives of letters. [PAR] Why we should read S. P. B. Mais [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for phonetics [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] (functioning as sing) the science concerned with the study of speech processes, including the production, perception, and analysis of speech sounds from both an acoustic and a physiological point of view. This science, though capable of being applied to language studies, technically excludes linguistic considerations Compare phonology [PAR] phonetic [PAR] of or relating to phonetics [PAR] 2. [PAR] denoting any perceptible distinction between one speech sound and another, irrespective of whether the sounds are phonemes or allophones Compare phonemic (sense 2) [PAR] 3. [PAR] conforming to pronunciation: phonetic spelling [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] C19: from New Latin ph\u014dn\u0113ticus, from Greek ph\u014dn\u0113tikos, from ph\u014dnein to make sounds, speak [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for phonetics [PAR] Expand [PAR] \"scientific study of speech,\" 1841, from phonetic ; also see -ics . [PAR] phonetic [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Number Sense Series: Developing Early ... - nrich.maths.org Number Sense Series: Developing Early Number Sense : nrich.maths.org [PAR] mental calculation (Hope & Sherrill, 1987; Trafton, 1992); [PAR] computational estimation (for example; Bobis, 1991; Case & Sowder, 1990); [PAR] judging the relative magnitude of numbers (Sowder, 1988); [PAR] recognising part-whole relationships and place value concepts (Fischer, 1990; Ross, 1989) and; [PAR] problem solving (Cobb et.al., 1991). [PAR] How does number sense begin? [PAR] An intuitive sense of number begins at a very early age. Children as young as two years of age can confidently identify one, two or three objects before they can actually count with understanding (Gelman & Gellistel, 1978). Piaget called this ability to instantaneously recognise the number of objects in a small group 'subitising'. As mental powers develop, usually by about the age of four, groups of four can be recognised without counting. It is thought that the maximum number for subitising, even for most adults, is five. This skill appears to be based on the mind's ability to form stable mental images of patterns and associate them with a number. Therefore, it may be possible to recognise more than five objects if they are arranged in a particular way or practice and memorisation takes place. A simple example of this is six dots arranged in two rows of three, as on dice or playing cards. Because this image is familiar, six can be instantly recognised when presented this way. [PAR] Usually, when presented with more than five objects, other mental strategies must be utilised. For example, we might see a group of six objects as two groups of three. Each group of three is instantly recognised, then very quickly (virtually unconsciously) combined to make six. In this strategy no actual counting of objects is involved, but rather a part-part-whole relationship and rapid mental addition is used. That is, there is an understanding that a number (in this case six) can be composed of smaller parts, together with the knowledge that 'three plus three makes six'. This type of mathematical thinking has already begun by the time children begin school and should be nurtured because it lays the foundation for understanding operations and in developing valuable mental calculation strategies. [PAR] What teaching strategies promote early number sense? [PAR] Learning to count with understanding is a crucial number skill, but other skills, such as perceiving subgroups, need to develop alongside counting to provide a firm foundation for number sense. By simply presenting objects (such as stamps on a flashcard) in various arrangements, different mental strategies can be prompted. For example, showing six stamps in a cluster of four and a pair prompts the combination of 'four and two makes six'. If the four is not subitised, it may be seen as 'two and two and two makes six'. This arrangement is obviously a little more complex than two groups of three. So different arrangements will prompt different strategies, and these strategies will vary from person to person. [PAR] If mental strategies such as these are to be encouraged (and just counting discouraged) then an element of speed is necessary. Seeing the objects for only a few seconds challenges the mind to find strategies other than counting. It is also important to have children reflect on and share their strategies (Presmeg, 1986; Mason, 1992). This is helpful in three ways: [PAR] [PAR] verbalising a strategy brings the strategy to a conscious level and allows the person to learn about their own thinking; [PAR] it provides other children with the opportunity to pick up new strategies; [PAR] the teacher"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aleutian Islands - United States Army Center of Military ... Aleutian Islands [PAR] Introduction [PAR] [PAR] World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. However, the half century that now separates us from that conflict has exacted its toll on our collective knowledge. While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars and historians, as well as its veterans, a generation of Americans has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war that, more than any other, united us as a people with a common purpose. [PAR] [PAR] Highly relevant today, World War II has much to teach us, not only about the profession of arms, but also about military preparedness, global strategy, and combined operations in the coalition war against fascism. During the next several years, the U.S. Army will participate in the nation's 50th anniversary commemoration of World War II. The commemoration will include the publication of various materials to help educate Americans about that war. The works produced will provide great opportunities to learn about and renew pride in an Army that fought so magnificently in what has been called \"the mighty endeavor.\" [PAR] [PAR] World War II was waged on land, on sea, and in the air over several diverse theaters of operation for approximately six years. The following essay is one of a series of campaign studies highlighting those struggles that, with their accompanying suggestions for further reading, are designed to introduce you to one of the Army's significant military feats from that war. [PAR] [PAR] This brochure was prepared in the U.S. Army Center of Military History by George L. MacGarrigle. I hope this absorbing account of that period will enhance your appreciation of American achievements during World War II. [PAR] [PAR] 3 June 1942-24 August 1943 [PAR] [PAR] After securing strategically located bases during its war with China, Japan set out to create its long-coveted greater east Asia co-prosperity empire. Opening with a crushing attack upon Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 that temporarily neutralized the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the imperial High Command quickly followed by dispatching large forces to seize the Philippines, Malaya, and the Netherlands East Indies and preparing plans for new bases from which to strike Australia and India. By June 1942 Japanese authority on the Asian mainland had extended beyond Malaya into Thailand and Burma. In the western Pacific, it encompassed most of the larger islands north of Australia and east of Midway. [PAR] [PAR] In the wake of such astounding military success, Japan decided to push onward rather than consolidate its gains. Its next objectives, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, were clearly to be used as steppingstones to Australia. Between those objectives and the Australian continent was the Coral Sea, where in early May the American Navy had checked a powerful Japanese fleet in a battle that frustrated the enemy's hope for an early invasion of Australia. [PAR] [PAR] Remaining on the defensive throughout the Pacific, the United States hurriedly fortified island bases along a great arc extending from Pearl Harbor to Sydney to keep open the shipping routes to Australia. With only limited numbers of troops available, it nevertheless joined Australia in planning an offensive in New Guinea and the Solomons to halt Japanese advances. To command this offensive in what became known as the Southwest Pacific Area, President Franklin D. Roosevelt selected General Douglas MacArthur, leaving the remainder of the Pacific theater under the direction of the Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Speed Limit - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki Speed Limit - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki [PAR] Speed Limit [PAR] 30 mph speed limit sign [PAR] Pictures related to Speed Limit [PAR] No pictures uploaded ( Upload? ) [PAR] A speed limit is a regulation establishing the maximum speed at which it is permitted to drive a motor vehicle along a given road or section of road. While practical enforcement procedures vary, anyone exceeding the limit by any amount is committing an offence in law. [PAR] Current speed limits on roads in the United Kingdom have come about through many years of traffic regulation legislation. The origins go back to the early days of motoring, but perhaps the key legislation that defines our modern day limits is the Road Traffic Act 1934, which introduced the concept of different speed limits for built up and non built up roads, essentially applying a restricted speed limit to roads that were street lit and making non street lit roads de-restricted. [PAR] The restricted road speed limit of 30 mph for cars and motorcycles has been with us since the 1934 act. At that time, since few motor vehicles were capable of exceeding the modern 60 mph limit, non lit roads were deemed to be derestricted, thus had no speed limit. The national speed limit was first introduced late in 1965 as an experiment on all previously derestricted roads. Various amendments saw the national speed limit introduced first as a standard 70 mph, then amended several times, most notably due to the 1973 oil crisis, before becoming 60 mph on single-carriageway roads and 70 mph on dual-carriageway roads in the late 1970s. [PAR] Vehicle class speed limits also apply on UK roads, these restrict certain classes of vehicle, notably, goods vehicles over 7.5 tonnes, buses, coaches and vehicles towing trailers to different speed limits for three different types of road, single carriageway , dual carriageway and motorway . [PAR] Contents [PAR] In the United Kingdom there are three national speed limits, these are; [PAR] The 30 mph speed limit on lighted roads (sometimes referred to as Restricted Roads) [PAR] The national speed limit of 60 mph on single carriageway roads [PAR] The national speed limit of 70 mph on dual carriageways and motorways [PAR] These national limits are not appropriate to all roads and where appropriate a traffic authority may introduce a \"local speed limit\" based upon guidance issued by the Department for Transport . The current guidance is set out in a document called \" DfT Circular 01/2006 Setting Local Speed Limits \", which replaced \" Circular Roads 01/93 \" in August 2006. [PAR] It should be noted that non-motorway Special Roads have no specifically defined national speed limit, and the maximum speed limit is always stated in the Statutory Instrument that creates the road. This means that the National Speed Limit sign has no clear meaning, and so non-motorway Special Roads always have their speed limit explicitly signed. It has been debated on SABRE many times as to whether the lower class limits apply to non-motorway Special Roads, usually to no firm conclusion. At the time of writing, there does not appear to be any case law on the subject to offer guidance. [PAR] Variable speed limits [PAR] Main article: Variable Speed Limit [PAR] On some motorways, called smart motorways , speed limits can be varied to manage traffic flow. This is called variable speed limit or VSL. This is shown using AMI signs above individual lanes or on all lane running schemes, verge mounted MS4 signals. [PAR] VSL and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Happy Birthday Mr. President sung by Marilyn Monroe to ... Happy Birthday Mr. President sung by Marilyn Monroe to President John F. Kennedy - YouTube [PAR] Happy Birthday Mr. President sung by Marilyn Monroe to President John F. Kennedy [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 21, 2013 [PAR] \"Happy Birthday, Mr. President\" is a song sung by actress and singer Marilyn Monroe on Saturday, May 19, 1962, for President John F. Kennedy at a celebration of his forty-fifth birthday, ten days before the actual day of his 45th birthday (Tuesday, May 29). Monroe sang the traditional \"Happy Birthday to You\" lyrics in a sultry voice, with \"Mr. President\" inserted as Kennedy's name. [PAR] Monroe continued the song with a snippet from the classic song, \"Thanks for the Memory\", for which she had written new lyrics specifically aimed at Kennedy. [PAR] Thanks, Mr. President For all the things you've done The battles that you've won The way you deal with U.S. Steel And our problems by the ton We thank you so much [PAR] Afterwards, President Kennedy came on stage and joked about the song, saying, \"I can now retire from politics after having had Happy Birthday sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way,\" alluding to Monroe's delivery, her racy dress, and her general image as a sex symbol.[1] [PAR] The song and Monroe's performance have been remembered for numerous reasons. First, it was one of her last major public appearances (Monroe died August 5, 1962). In addition, there are persistent rumors that President Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe had an affair,[2] giving Monroe's performance another layer of meaning. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy did not attend the celebration. [PAR] Monroe's performance was accompanied by jazz pianist Hank Jones. [PAR] Description courtesy of Wikipedia:[DOC] [TLE] \"Happy Birthday, Mr. President\" Song Turns 53: 9 Best ... \"Happy Birthday, Mr. President\" Song Turns 53: 9 Best Covers | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] REX USA [PAR] Marilyn Monroe [PAR] Over 50 years following Marilyn Monroe's sultry serenade to the President, the birthday song continues to live on with new renditions from Madonna, Jennifer Lopez and more. [PAR] It's been more than 50 years since Marilyn Monroe first serenaded President John F. Kennedy with a sultry rendition of the birthday song during his 45th birthday celebration in 1962, but \"Happy Birthday, Mr. President\" hasn't been forgotten. [PAR] On what would have been Kennedy's 98th birthday, THR highlights ten times that the President's birthday song was referenced in pop culture. [PAR] 1. Madonna [PAR] The pop icon, donning Monroe's signature blonde curls and sparkly gown, sang a comical remake of the tune as part of a Saturday Night Live skit in 1993, during which she successfully seduced an eager and excited Kennedy. [PAR] 2. Wayne's World [PAR] In the 1992 comedy, based off of the popular SNL sketch, Mike Myers sang the song while wearing underwear and a pink bra. [PAR] 3. Breaking Bad [PAR] During season two of the AMC series, Anna Gunn's character Skyler White was forced to fulfill her boss Ted Beneke's birthday wish by singing \"Happy Birthday, Mr. President\" during a company birthday celebration. [PAR] 4. Jennifer Lopez [PAR] The singer channeled her inner Marilyn Monroe on the set of Lopez Tonight, where she made a surprise appearance and serenaded host"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cage, Agraffe Or Muselet? - Brookston Beer Bulletin Cage, Agraffe Or Muselet? - Brookston Beer Bulletin [PAR] Brookston Beer Bulletin [PAR] You are here: Home / Beers / Cage, Agraffe Or Muselet? [PAR] Cage, Agraffe Or Muselet? [PAR] By Jay Brooks 6 Comments [PAR] Most of you already know I\u2019m a freak for obscure words and language more generally, so I\u2019ll always take a look at a list of curious words. One that I recently was looking over at Mental Floss included such gems as a dringle, which is \u201cto waste time by being lazy,\u201d perfectly describing what I was doing when I discovered that. [PAR] But the other word was agraffe, which they defined as being \u201cthe wire cage that keeps the cork in a bottle of champagne.\u201d I\u2019d heard the word muselet used before, usually in connection with champagne, but many brewers today also use them, though most people I know refer to them more simply as a \u201ccage,\u201d as in a \u201ccage and cork,\u201d or occasionally a \u201ccage and crown.\u201d [PAR] But agraffe is a new one on me. A quick search reveals that it\u2019s more often used to refer to a part of a piano, \u201ca guide at the tuning-pin end of the string, screwed into the plate, with holes through which the strings pass.\u201d Most dictionaries I looked at didn\u2019t mention the cage usage at all. Champagne.net does offer this definition. [PAR] Literally means \u201cstaple\u201d (as in Swingline); in Champagne, this is a large metal clip used to secure the cork before capsules were invented, typically during the second fermentation and aging in bottle. A bottle secured with this clip is said to be agraf\u00e9. [PAR] Notice they also spell it with only one \u201cf.\u201d Wordnik, in their listing under Century Dictionary does list this usage, as the fifth definition. \u201cn. An iron fastening used to hold in place the cork of a bottle containing champagne or other effervescing wine during the final fermentation.\u201d [PAR] Muselet doesn\u2019t show up in most standard dictionaries either, but it is defined, at least, by Wikipedia : [PAR] A muselet is a wire cage that fits over the cork of a bottle of champagne, sparkling wine or beer to prevent the cork from emerging under the pressure of the carbonated contents. It derives its name from the French museler, to muzzle. The muselet often has a metal cap incorporated in the design which may show the drink maker\u2019s emblem. They are normally covered by a metal foil envelope. Muselets are also known as wirehoods or Champagne wires. [PAR] Neither word is included in the \u201c Dictionary of Beer & Brewing \u201d (2nd ed.), but then \u201ccage\u201d isn\u2019t listed in it, either. [PAR] So does anybody know? Those of you in the wine world, is either term in common usage, and, if so, is one preferred over the other? Or are they generally only used in France, perhaps? It seems more likely that they were originally borrowed from the French into English, but have since fallen out of use, or perhaps their usage lingers only in the technical jargon of Champagne and sparking wine. Anyone, anyone? Bueller."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Scafell Pike | England's Highest Mountain Scafell Pike | England's Highest Mountain [PAR] England's Highest Mountain [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] A complete Guide to Scafell Pike [PAR] At 978m or 3,209ft Scafell Pike is England\u2019s highest mountain, because of this, thousands of people visit the area each year in order to make an ascent of Scafell Pike. If you are looking to walk up to the summit of Scafell Pike then this Guide will give you some valuable information to allow you to make the most of your day. [PAR] This site will guide you through the best routes in order to make your ascent, along with what essential equipment you will need, the best places to stay on your visit and how to stay safe while on the mountain. [PAR] The summit of Scafell Pike was donated to the National Trust in 1919 by Lord Leconfield in honour and gratitude of the men from the local area for their service in the Great War. The view from the summit is absolutely breathtaking from here you will have unobstructed views of Helvellyn, Crinkle Crags, the Old Man of Coniston, the Howgill Fells. On a clear day you can see as far as the Mountains and hills of both Scotland and Wales, as well as Slieve Donard in Northern Ireland. [PAR] If you only climb one mountain in your lifetime then Scafell Pike should be the one you choose. Alfred Wainwright described it as being, \u201cevery inch a mountain\u201d, and said that it had the greatest amount of both ruggedness and roughness of any other ground in the country.[DOC] [TLE] Scafell Pike - Traildino Scafell Pike [PAR] Scafell Pike [PAR] Description [PAR] Height 978.00 m [PAR] At 978 metres (3,209 ft), Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. It is located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria. [PAR] Annierak's description with pictures of the climb of Scafell Pike. [PAR] Guides and maps [PAR] The Mid-Western Fells [PAR] Lakeland Fellranger guidebook covering 22 summits in the Mid-Western Fells of the Lake District, with a wide range of ascents, both traditional and unusual. All the routes are located in the triangle between Great Langdale, Borrowdale and Wasdale, defined by the Stake, Styhead, Hardknott and Wrynose passes. Read more [PAR] Also available from: [PAR] The Mid-Western Fells [PAR] Lakeland Fellranger guidebook covering 22 summits in the Mid-Western Fells of the Lake District, with a wide range of ascents, both traditional and unusual. All the routes are located in the triangle between Great Langdale, Borrowdale and Wasdale, defined by the Stake, Styhead, Hardknott and Wrynose passes. Read more [PAR] Lake District: High Level and Fell Walks [PAR] This guidebook describes 30 graded fell walks on the ridges and high peaks of the English Lake District, the UK's most popular national park. Reaching some of England's finest and highest mountain scenery, this guide leads readers to classic horseshoes and traditional ascents as well as lesser-known routes to quieter summits. Read more [PAR] Also available from: [PAR] The Book Depository, United Kingdom [PAR] Stanfords, United Kingdom [PAR] 30 Best Fell Walks Read more [PAR] Stanfords [PAR] Lake District: High Level and Fell Walks: 30 Best Fell Walks [PAR] This guidebook collects the best 30 high fell walks in the Lake District. Every route is graded for difficulty and ranges between 7-23km, and includes annotated OS maps and variant routes. The walks are divided into 6 sections according to where walkers can start: the Keswick area, Borrowdale and Buttermere, the Western Valleys, Coniston and... Read more [PAR] Bol.com [PAR] High Level and Fell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Isaac Singer - inventor of the Singer Sewing Machine ... Isaac Singer - inventor of the Singer Sewing Machine - Famous Inventor [PAR] Joseph Aspdin - obtained the patent for Portland cement [PAR] Isaac Singer - inventor of the Singer Sewing Machine [PAR] Isaac Merritt Singer (October 26, 1811 \u2013 July 23, 1875) was an inventor, actor, and entrepreneur. He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machine and was the founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Early years [PAR] Isaac Singer was born in Pittstown, New York, on October 27, 1811. He was the last born child of Adam Singer and his first wife, Ruth Benson. Isaac's father may have been a German immigrant from Saxony whose surname at birth was Reisinger and some sources indicate he may have been of Jewish descent. [PAR] Isaac was married for the first time in 1830, to Catharine Maria Haley. After, they moved from Pittstown to New York City in about 1831, where they seem to have lived with her parents for a time. By the summer of 1833 they had again moved, this time to Otsego County, New York. Isaac had worked in his older brother's machine shop before marriage and learnt the machinists trade there; in Otsego in the village of Fly Creek Isaac was again working in a machine shop, this time owned by George Pomeroy. [PAR] Isaac had two children by Catharine: William, born in 1834, and Lillian, born in 1837. In 1835 he moved with Catherine and their young son William to New York City, working in a press shop. In 1836, he left the city as an agent for a company of players, touring through Baltimore, where he met Mary Ann Sponsler, to whom he proposed marriage. He returned with Mary Ann to New York in 1837. That year Isaac had two children born: his wife Catherine gave him Lillian, and Mary Ann gave him a son. His domestic life with Catharine did not prosper after this, but they were not officially divorced until 1860. [PAR] After Mary Ann arrived in New York and found out that Singer was already married, she and Singer returned to Baltimore, presenting themselves as a married couple. [PAR] First inventions [PAR] In 1839 Singer obtained his first patent, for a machine to drill rock, selling it for $2,000. This was more money than he had ever had before, and in the face of financial success, he opted to return to his career as an actor. He went on tour, forming a troupe known as the \"Merritt Players\", and appearing onstage under the name \"Isaac Merritt\", with Mary Ann also appearing onstage, calling herself \"Mrs. Merritt\". The tour lasted about five years. [PAR] In 1844 Isaac took a job in a print shop in Fredericksburg, Ohio, but moved quickly on to Pittsburgh in 1846 to set up a woodshop for making wood type and signage. Here he developed and patented a \"machine for carving wood and metal\" on April 10, 1849. [PAR] At thirty-eight years old, with two wives and eight children, he packed up his family and moved back to New York City, hoping to market his wood-block cutting machine there. He obtained an advance to build a working prototype, and constructed one in the shop of A. B. Taylor & Co. However not long after the machine was built the steam boiler blew up at the shop, destroying the prototype. Before it was destroyed, Orson C. Phelps, owner of a machine shop in Boston had heard about it. He invited Singer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Libertarians say they're the third largest political party ... Libertarians say they're the third largest political party | PolitiFact Florida [PAR] The Libertarian Party \"is the third-largest political party in the U.S.\" [PAR] \u2014 Libertarian Party of Broward County on Thursday, August 22nd, 2013 in the Libertarian Party of Broward website [PAR] Libertarians say they're the third largest political party [PAR] By Amy Sherman on Monday, September 9th, 2013 at 4:34 p.m. [PAR] In politics -- or any blood sport -- it\u2019s rare to hear a team proudly chant, \"We\u2019re No. 3! We\u2019re No. 3!\" [PAR] But that\u2019s what we heard from Libertarians in the purple state of Florida. [PAR] We spotted a claim about the numbers and growth of libertarians in an announcement about a Libertarian event in Broward County: [PAR] \"The Libertarian Party is the third-largest organized political party in the United States and has seen tremendous growth over the last two years as many Democrats and Republicans have become disenchanted with their respective parties.\" (The article was written by Karl Dickey who serves on the Libertarian Party of Florida\u2019s executive committee and represents Broward, Palm Beach and Hendry counties.) We found a similar claim on the Libertarian Party of Broward website that the party is \"the third-largest political party in the U.S.\" [PAR] We wanted to explore the numbers and the power of the Libertarian Party. Is it the third-largest party in the country? [PAR] We\u2019ve looked at the numbers of Libertarians in the past . But as Sen. Rand Paul -- a Kentucky Republican with a libertarian outlook -- makes headlines as a potential 2016 presidential contender, it seemed like a good time to revisit the numbers. [PAR] Counting libertarians [PAR] Libertarian activists and political scientists we contacted suggested the same source: Richard Winger, a Libertarian in California and editor of a monthly newsletter, Ballot Access News , which includes data on party registration that Winger researches. [PAR] His December issue showed there were 325,807 registered Libertarians nationwide. (About half the states tally Libertarians, Winger\u2019s data shows.) [PAR] The number of registered Libertarians was higher than other national third parties including the Green, Constitution or Reform parties. [PAR] But with Democrats\u2019 registration at 43.5 million and Republicans at 41.3 million according to Winger\u2019s data, that puts any third-place finisher trailing way behind. [PAR] Also, the number of Libertarians was substantially lower than two catch-all categories which Winger calls \"indp. misc\" at 26.8 million and \"other\" at 2.9 million. [PAR] The miscellaneous category includes states that have a miscellaneous category, as well as voters who write in answers (such as \"birthday party\") on their registration. Winger\u2019s \"other\" includes a combination of actual parties. [PAR] Since those catch-all categories were large, we picked a couple of states to look in more detail at third-party registrations. [PAR] In California, there were 477,129 registered with the American Independent Party . In New York , there were 430,072 registered with the Independence Party as of November 2012. [PAR] But Winger said those groups in California and New York aren\u2019t \"nationally organized parties. Those are one-state parties.\" That\u2019s why when Winger talks about Libertarians\u2019 voter registration he includes the phrase \"nationally organized\" -- something the Libertarians in Broward omitted. [PAR] We\u2019re not suggesting that those state parties in California or New York are powerful players nationwide -- or even in their own states. Some New York voters wrongly think they are registering as independents , according to the New York Daily News. [PAR] Markham Robinson, a leader with the American Independent Party, told PolitiFact in an interview that he did"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Magnificent Seven (1960) - IMDb The Magnificent Seven (1960) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An oppressed Mexican peasant village hires seven gunfighters to help defend their homes. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] new and ongoing cinema releases, Us/Can, from Jan 13 [PAR] 13 January 2017 2:39 PM, -08:00 | www.flickfilosopher.com [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 01 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 20 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 29 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 09 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 4 weeks ago [PAR] Title: The Magnificent Seven (1960) [PAR] 7.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 1 win & 5 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Seven gunmen in the old west gradually come together to help a poor village against savage thieves. [PAR] Director: Antoine Fuqua [PAR] Three survivors of the initial Magnificent Seven outfit, Chico, Chris and Vin, recruit four new members in order to re-form the outfit and defend a few Mexican villages from attacks by vicious bandits. [PAR] Director: Burt Kennedy [PAR] A poor village under attack by bandits recruits seven unemployed samurai to help them defend themselves. [PAR] Director: Akira Kurosawa [PAR] During World War II, a rebellious U.S. Army Major is assigned a dozen convicted murderers to train and lead them into a mass assassination mission of German officers. [PAR] Director: Robert Aldrich [PAR] Allied prisoners of war plan for several hundred of their number to escape from a German camp during World War II. [PAR] Director: John Sturges [PAR] A wandering gunfighter plays two rival families against each other in a town torn apart by greed, pride, and revenge. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. [PAR] Director: Sam Peckinpah [PAR] Marshal Chris Adams turns down a friend's request to help stop the depredations of a gang of Mexican bandits. When his wife is killed by bank robbers and his friend is killed capturing the ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: George McCowan [PAR] A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. [PAR] Director: Howard Hawks [PAR] An all guts, no glory San Francisco cop becomes determined to find the underworld kingpin that killed the witness in his protection. [PAR] Director: Peter Yates [PAR] A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. [PAR] Director: John Ford [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] A bandit terrorizes a small Mexican farming village each year. Several of the village elders send three of the farmers into the United States to search for gunmen to defend them. They"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christmas season celebrations in Australia | australia.gov.au Christmas season celebrations in Australia | australia.gov.au [PAR] Christmas season celebrations in Australia [PAR] Australia's wine industry [PAR] Christmas season celebrations in Australia [PAR] Violet Teague (1872-1951), Adoration of Shepherds, 1931, oil on canvas. Photograph by Colin Holden. Image courtesy of Anglican Church of Australia Archive. [PAR] Christmas is celebrated in many parts of the world on 25 December. Protestant and Roman Catholic churches hold Christmas Day services on 25 December. The Eastern churches \u2013 the Ethiopian Orthodox church, Russian Orthodox church and the Armenian church \u2013 celebrate Christmas on 6 or 7 January. There have been rituals, parties and celebrations at this time of year for thousands of years. [PAR] The birth of Jesus [PAR] Christmas is the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. Christians believe that Jesus is 'the son of God', the Messiah sent from Heaven to save the world. [PAR] The 'Christmas story' tells of the birth of Jesus in a stable in Bethlehem, the angels announcing the birth to the shepherds in the fields, and the Magi (wise men from the East) visiting the stable and offering gifts to the newborn child. [PAR] The origins of Christmas [PAR] A Roman almanac confirms that 25 December was used to celebrate Christmas in 336 AD, although it was nearly 600 years later that the churches created a liturgy \u2013 a service for public worship \u2013 for the occasion. [PAR] The choice of date is believed to have been influenced by the northern hemisphere winter solstice, as well as ancient pagan rituals that coincided with the solstice. These rituals included the Halcyon Days in Greece, a period of calm and goodwill when it was believed the sea was calm for birds to lay their eggs; and the Roman celebration of Saturnalia, a celebration of the god Saturn, which involved wild parties, the exchange of gifts and the temporary suspension of social divisions between slaves and masters. [PAR] Christmas traditions and symbols [PAR] A photo of Santa arriving at the beach by boat. Image courtesy of the National Archives of Australia: A1500, K26950. [PAR] Christmas trees are part of a long tradition of greenery being taken into the home at Christmas to brighten the dreary winter. Mistletoe was popular with Druid priests because it remained green throughout winter. Holly placed over the doorway was believed to drive away evil. Placing branches from trees in the home was first recorded in 1494, and by the beginning of the 1600s there are records of fir trees being decorated with apples. [PAR] The story of Santa Claus has its origins in the legends surrounding the humble generosity of Saint Nicholas, whose feast day is celebrated on 6th December. Saint Nicholas was a 4th century Christian Bishop from Myra (in modern-day Turkey) who became the Patron Saint of Children. In Germany and Poland, boys dressed up as bishops begging alms for the poor. Later, the Christ child 'Christkindlein' was said to have accompanied Nicholas-like figures on their travels. The 1822 poem 'Twas the Night before Christmas forged the link and Saint Nicholas (Father Christmas, Pere Noel, Christ Kind, Kriss Kringle or Sinter Klass) became known as Santa Claus. [PAR] Christmas in the southern hemisphere [PAR] The heat of early summer in Australia has an impact on the way that Australians celebrate Christmas and on which northern hemisphere Christmas traditions are followed. [PAR] In the weeks leading up to Christmas houses are decorated; greetings cards sent out; carols sung; Christmas trees installed in homes, schools and public places; and children delight in anticipating a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] portia de rossi video interview - dymavo.netai.net portia de rossi video interview [PAR] portia de rossi video interview [PAR] News and information about Portia de Rossi on Oprah.com. . they rehearse for their onscreen interview. Ellen DeGeneres And Her Wife Portia De Rossi. Video. [PAR] http://www.oprah.com/topics/entertainment/movies/actresses/portia-de-rossi.htm [PAR] portia de rossi video interview [PAR] de Rossi in February 2007 [PAR] Born [PAR] Amanda Lee Rogers [PAR] (1973-01-31) 31 January 1973 (age 40) [PAR] Ellen Degeneres Portia De Rossi - Huffington Post [PAR] Portia De Rossi: The 'Time Has Come' For Gay Marriage . \"Arrested Development\" star Portia De Rossi recently opened up to LA . Ellen Degeneres: I'll Be With Portia De Rossi Until The Day I Die (VIDEO) . Ellen Degeneres and Portia de Rossi visited Oprah Monday for their first interview as a married couple. \"This is . [PAR] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/ellen-degeneres-portia-de-rossi [PAR] May 13, 2013 . Portia de Rossi discusses the highly anticipated return of the comedy to . with George Stephanopoulos; 20/20; Good Morning America. Video. [PAR] http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/porta-de-rossi-interview-2013-actress-arrested-development-19167486 [PAR] May 26, 2013 . Portia de Rossi & David Cross explain the new and unique take on the return of \" Arrested . You need Adobe Flash Player to watch this video. [PAR] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdQLLHVexxc [PAR] Ellen DeGeneres & Portia de Rossi talk with Shaun Robinson about Ellen's upcoming interview with Lindsay Lohan on her talk show airing Thursday, April 23. [PAR] http://watch.accesshollywood.com/video/ellen-degeneres-portia-de-rossi-talk-lindsay-lohan-twitter/1311329243001 [PAR] Portia de Rossi discusses the highly anticipated return of the comedy to be released on Netflix. . Start a wiki \u00b7 Video Games \u00b7 Entertainment . 'Arrested Development' Star Portia de Rossi on Show's Return, Life With Ellen Interview 2013. Edit. [PAR] http://arresteddevelopment.wikia.com/wiki/File:'Arrested_Development'_Star_Portia_de_Rossi_on_Show's_Return,_Life_With_Ellen_Interview_2013 [PAR] Bradley Cooper, Portia Di Rossi. . Portia de Rossi Dishes on \"Arrested Development\". Interview Jimmy asks Portia . More Video Clips . Interview More \u00bb. [PAR] http://www.latenightwithjimmyfallon.com/video/portia-de-rossi-dishes-on-arrested-development/n36842/ [PAR] Portia de Rossi and David Cross explain the new and unique take on the return of \"Arrested Development.\" [PAR] http://videos.huffingtonpost.com/arrested-development-portia-de-rossi-and-david-cross-interview-517781953 [PAR] May 22, 2013 . comPortia de Rossi & David Cross explain the new and unique take on the return of \"Arrested Development\". . HitFix _ Arrested Development: Portia De Rossi & David Cross Interview official . Watch more videos from hulu. [PAR] http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x104czx_hitfix-arrested-development-portia-de-rossi-david-cross-interview_news [PAR] Watch Portia De Rossi Videos Online including Portia De Rossi Interviews and paparazzi footage. Portia Lee James DeGeneres, known professionally as Portia . [PAR] http://www.ovguide.com/portia-de-rossi-9202a8c04000641f80000000001aafc9 [PAR] May 16, 2013 . You need Adobe Flash Player to watch this video. Download it from Adobe. Arrested Development - Portia de Rossi & David Cross Interview. [PAR] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwm6gQAhHxg [PAR] Portia de Rossi Interview at LA Confidential Magazine\"Real Beauties\"Issue Celebration Video - Portia De Rossi Videos. [PAR] http://www.starpulse.com/Actresses/De_Rossi,_Portia/Videos/?vxChannel=&vxClipId=&clip_id=V0IsF6hsfY53JHTf7KCvDw&video_title=Portia+de+Rossi+Interview+at+LA+Confidential+Magazine%22Real+Beauties%22Issue+Celebration [PAR] May 22, 2013 . Watch Now! Jennifer Aniston interviews Portia de Rossi on \"The Ellen Show\" | AfterEllen.com. [PAR] http://www.afterellen.com/2013/05/watch-now-jennifer-aniston-interviews-portia-de-rossi-ellen-show [PAR] May 16, 2013 . Portia de Rossi and David Cross explain the new and unique take on the return of \"Arrested Development.\" [PAR] http://on.aol.com/video/arrested-development--portia-de-rossi-and-david-cross-interview-517781953 [PAR] Ladies and gentlemen, Mr and Mrs Tobias Funke. We are less than four freaking days until the long awaited Season 4 (are we calling it a \u0093season\u0094?) of arguably . [PAR] http://www.slightlyqualified.com/arrested-development-video-david-cross-and-portia-de-rossi-interview [PAR] Portia de Rossi on TMZ, your go-to source for celebrity news, photos, & videos. Latest Story: Ellen DeGeneres & Portia de Rossi Drop $26.5 Million On . [PAR] http://www.tmz.com/person/portia-de-rossi/ [PAR] Nov 4, 2010 . MarieClaire.com Exclusive: Portia de Rossi on Her Shocking New Memoir. After her interview with Oprah Winfrey earlier this week, we got the chance to speak with Portia, who opened up to . TODAY'S FEATURED VIDEO . [PAR] http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/portia-de-rossi-qa [PAR] May"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Israeli Flag | Jewish Virtual Library The Israeli Flag | Jewish Virtual Library [PAR] Tweet [PAR] At the ceremony for the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, the dais was decorated with a picture of Theodor Herzl , flanked on either side by the flag of the World Zionist Organization (WZO). This flag, adopted by the first Zionist Congress in Basle in 1897, had become accepted by Jewish communities throughout the world as the emblem of Zionism and it was thus natural to use it at the official proclamation of statehood. [PAR] Five-and-half months earlier - on November 29, 1947 - when the Jews of Israel had poured into the streets to celebrate the United Nations partition resolution, they too had hoisted the flag of the WZO and used it as a unifying symbol. In May 1948, however, only a few days after the Zionist dream had become reality, the question was raised as to whether the Zionist banner should be the flag of the state or should be replaced. [PAR] The dilemma continued for about six months, until the following notice was published in the Official Gazette: [PAR] The Provisional Council of State [PAR] Proclamation of the Flag of the State of Israel [PAR] The Provisional Council of State hereby proclaims that the flag of the State of Israel shall be as illustrated and described below: The flag is 220 cm. long and 160 cm. wide. The background is white and on it are two stripes of dark sky-blue, 25 cm. broad, over the whole length of the flag, at a distance of 15 cm. from the top and from the bottom of the flag. In the middle of the white background, between the two blue stripes and at equal distance from each stripe is a Star of David, composed of six dark sky-blue stripes, 5.5 cm. broad, which form two equilateral triangles, the bases of which are parallel to the two horizontal stripes. [PAR] 25 Tishrei 5709 (28 October 1948) [PAR] Provisional Council of State [PAR] Joseph Sprinzak, Speaker [PAR] This decision to adopt the Zionist flag to be the flag of the State of Israel reflects its power as a symbol of the spirit of the Zionist movement. In order to examine the reasons that led to this decision, let us look for the symbolism and consider the motives which prompted the members of the Provisional Council of State first to consider replacing it and then to decide against doing so. [PAR] Zionist tradition credits the design of the Zionist flag to David Wolffsohn . Legend even tells precisely when Wolffsohn had his brainstorm, namely, that during a meeting in Basel Herzl raised the question of the Zionist flag. When his proposal of a white banner with seven gold stars failed to marshal a consensus, Wolffsohn stood up and said: \"Why do we have to search? Here is our national flag.\" Upon which he displayed his prayer shawl and showed everyone the national flag: a white field with blue stripes along the margin. [PAR] \u0093At the behest of our leader Herzl, I came to Basle to make preparations for the Zionist Congress. Among many other problems that occupied me then was one which contained something of the essence of the Jewish problem. What flag would we hang in the Congress Hall? Then an idea struck me. We have a flag \u0097 and it is blue and white. The talith (prayer ahawl) with which we wrap ouselves when we pray: that is our symbol. Let us take this Talith from its bag"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St Trinians Wiki - Wikia St Trinians Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Add a photo to this gallery [PAR] St Trinian's is a fictional girls' boarding school, the creation of English cartoonist Ronald Searle, that later became the subject of a popular series of comedy films. [PAR] The first cartoon appeared in 1941, but shortly afterwards Searle had to fulfil his military service where he was captured at Singapore and spent the rest of the war as a prisoner of the Japanese. After the war, in 1946 he started making new cartoons about the girls, but the content was a lot darker in comparison with the previous years. [PAR] The school is the antithesis of the posh girls' boarding school; its pupils are wicked and often well armed, and mayhem is rife. The schoolmistresses are also disreputable. Cartoons often showed dead bodies of girls who had been murdered with pitchforks or succumbed to violent team sports, sometimes with vultures circling; girls drank, gambled and smoked. It is reputed that the gymslip style of dress worn by the girls was closely modelled on the uniform of the school that Searle's daughter Kate attended, JAGS in Dulwich. The films implied that the girls were the daughters of gangsters, crooks, shady bookmakers and other low-lifes and the institution is often referred to as a \"female borstal\". [PAR] Books [PAR] The Belles of St. Trinian's (1954, the first film) [PAR] Blue Murder at St. Trinian's (1957, the second film) [PAR] The Pure Hell of St. Trinian's (1960, the third film) [PAR] The Great St. Trinian's Train Robbery (1966, the final film of the quartet) [PAR] The Wildcats of St. Trinian's (1980, with Maureen Lipman taking on the Joyce Grenfell role) Remake of series [PAR] St. Trinian's(2007) Remake and update of series [PAR] St Trinian's II: The Legend of Fritton's Gold (2009) [PAR] St Trinian's 3 (2014) said to come out on December 22 2014 UK this project is categorized as in development [PAR] School song [PAR] The musical score for the St. Trinian films was written by Malcolm Arnold and included the school song, with words accredited to Sidney Gilliat (1954): [8 ] [PAR] Maidens of St Trinian's, gird your armour on. [PAR] Grab the nearest weapon; never mind which one. [PAR] The battle's to the strongest; might is always right. [PAR] Trample on the weakest; glory in their plight. [PAR] St Trinian's! St Trinian's! Our battle cry. [PAR] St Trinian's! St Trinian's! Will never die. [PAR] Stride towards your fortune boldly on your way, [PAR] Never once forgetting there's one born every day. [PAR] Let our motto be broadcast: \"get your blow in first!\" [PAR] She who draws the sword last always comes off worst. [PAR] In the 2007 film, a new school song was written by Girls Aloud called Defenders of Anarchy: [PAR] Make us worthy, make us proud [PAR] Teach us not to be too loud [PAR] We\u2019ll try to fit in with the crowd [PAR] But we are St. Trinian\u2019s [PAR] We can\u2019t fake the way we feel [PAR] We were born to keep it real [PAR] Hockey sticks and balls of steel [PAR] We are St. Trinian\u2019s [PAR] You bite us, we\u2019ll bite you back [PAR] Better be scared when we attack [PAR] Feel the fear, we\u2019re maniacs [PAR] St. Trinian\u2019s"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dysphagia - Mayo Clinic Dysphagia - Mayo Clinic [PAR] Dysphagia [PAR] Esophagus [PAR] Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) means it takes more time and effort to move food or liquid from your mouth to your stomach. Dysphagia may also be associated with pain. In some cases, swallowing may be impossible. [PAR] Occasional difficulty swallowing, which may occur when you eat too fast or don't chew your food well enough, usually isn't cause for concern. But persistent dysphagia may indicate a serious medical condition requiring treatment. [PAR] Dysphagia can occur at any age, but it's more common in older adults. The causes of swallowing problems vary, and treatment depends on the cause. [PAR] Fass R. Overview of dysphagia in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Aug. 6, 2014. [PAR] Dysphagia. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/pages/dysph.aspx. Accessed Aug. 6, 2014. [PAR] Swallowing trouble. American Academy of Otolaryngology \u2014 Head and Neck Surgery. http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/swallowingTrouble.cfm. Accessed Aug. 6, 2014. [PAR] Dysphagia: Esophageal and swallowing disorders. The Merck Manual for Health Care Professionals. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal_disorders/esophageal_and_swallowing_disorders/dysphagia.html. Accessed Aug. 6, 2014. [PAR] Dysphagia. American College of Gastroenterology. http://patients.gi.org/topics/dysphagia/. Accessed Aug. 6, 2014. [PAR] Lembo AJ. Oropharyngeal dysphagia: Clinical features, diagnosis, and management. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Aug. 6, 2014. [PAR] Products and Services"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ontario Map & Satellite Image | Roads, Lakes, Rivers, Cities Ontario Map & Satellite Image | Roads, Lakes, Rivers, Cities [PAR] Ontario Satellite Image [PAR] Where is Ontario? [PAR] Ontario is located in east-central Canada. Ontario is bordered by the James Bay, Hudson Bay, Lake Superior, Lake Ontario, the United States to the south, Quebec to the east, and Manitoba to the west. [PAR] Explore Ontario, Canada Using Google Earth [PAR] Google Earth is a free program from Google that allows you to explore satellite images showing the cities and landscapes of Ontario and all of North America in fantastic detail. It works on your desktop computer, tablet, or mobile phone. The images in many areas are detailed enough that you can see houses, vehicles and even people on a city street. Google Earth is free and easy-to-use. [PAR] Canada Topo Maps [PAR] Get a custom printed large-format Canadian Topographic Map on waterproof, laminated or glossy paper. You can center the map anywhere in Canada that you want and adjust the scale with easy-to-use tools on the MyTopo website. They will then print and ship your map rolled in a tube or folded neatly in an envelope - your choice. [PAR] Ontario, Canada on a World Wall Map [PAR] Canada is one of nearly 200 countries illustrated on our Blue Ocean Laminated Map of the World. The Canadian province and territory boundaries are shown on the map along with other political and physical features. It displays symbols for major cities. Major mountains are shown in shaded relief. Ocean depths are indicated with a blue color gradient. This is a great map for students, schools, offices and anywhere that a nice map of the world is needed for education, display or decor. [PAR] Ontario, Canada On a Large Wall Map of North America [PAR] If you are interested in Ontario and the geography of Canada, our large laminated map of North America might be just what you need. It is a large political map of North America that also shows many of the continent's physical features in color and shaded relief. Major lakes, rivers,cities, roads, country/province/territory boundaries, coastlines and surrounding islands are all shown on the map. [PAR] Ontario Cities: [PAR] Attawapiskat, Barrie, Bearskin Lake, Belleville, Bracebridge, Brampton, Burlington, Chatham, Clarington, Cobalt, Cochrane, Dryden, Elliot Lake, Englehart, Fort Severn, Guelph, Hamilton, Huntsville, Iroquois Falls, Kapuskasing, Kenora, Kingston, Kirkland Lake, Kitchener, London, Markham, Midland, Mississauga, Moosonee, Nepean, North Bay, Ogoki, Orangeville, Orillia, Oshawa, Ottawa, Owen Sound, Peawanuk, Perth, Pickle Lake, Red Lake, South River, St. Catharines, Sudbury, Thunder Bay, Timmins, Toronto, Walden, Windsor, Woodstock [PAR] Ontario Lakes, Rivers and Locations: [PAR] Albany River, Attawapiskat River, Big Trout Lake, Ekwan River, Georgian Bay, Hudson Bay, James Bay, Kesagami Lake, Lac Seul, Lake Abitibi, Lake Huraon, Lake Nipigon, Lake Nipissing, Lake of the Woods, Lake Ontario, Lake Simcoe, Lake Superior, Lake Temagami, Lake Timiskaming, Mattagami River, Missinaibi Lake, Missinaibi River, Missisa Lake, Moose River, North Caribou Lake, Nungesser Lake, Ogoki River, Otoskwin Lake, Ottawa River, Rainy Lake, Sandy Lake, Severn River, Shibogama Lake, Trout Lake, Winisk Lake and Wunnummin Lake [PAR] Copyright information: The images on this page were composed by Angela King and Brad Cole and are copyright by Geology.com \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 2008. These images are not available for use beyond our websites. If you would like to share them with others please link to this page. The satellite image was produced using Landsat data from NASA and the map was produced using data licensed from and copyright by Map Resources \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 2008. [PAR] \u00a9 2005-2017 Geology.com. All Rights Reserved. [PAR] Images,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Traditional Singing Hinny Recipe - About.com Food Traditional Singing Hinny Recipe [PAR] Traditional Singing Hinny Recipe [PAR] Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters [PAR] Thanks, You're in! [PAR] There was an error. Please try again. [PAR] Please select a newsletter. [PAR] Please enter a valid email address. [PAR] Did you mean ? [PAR] Singing Hinnies. Photo \u00a9 RFB Photography [PAR] Updated April 21, 2016. [PAR] The origins of the traditional scone-like griddle cake called a Singin\u2019 Hinny is easily identified. Hinney is the pronunciation of \" honey \" in the north east of England around Sunderland, Newcastle and through to Northumberland. It is a term of endearment used usually to and about women and children. [PAR] The singing part of the name is when the caked are cooked in a hot flat griddle pan, as they hit the pan, the butter and lard starts to sizzle and \u2018sing\u2019. [PAR] These northern griddle cakes are not dissimilar to a Welsh Cake , but without any added sugar. Sweetness in the hinnies comes from the dried fruit. [PAR] The hinny mixture resembles a scone mixture, and, as with scones, need handling the same way so the mixture does not becomes tough. These may be griddled cakes, but should still be light and crumbly. You can see how to keep them light in the notes at the end of the recipe. [PAR] 450g / 1 lb plain / all-purpose flour [PAR] \u00bc tsp bicarbonate of soda [PAR] \u00bd tsp cream of tartare [PAR] \u00bd tsp fine salt [PAR] 110g / 4 oz very cold butter [PAR] 110g / 4 oz very cold lard [PAR] Zest of a lemon [PAR] 185g / 6 \u00bd oz dried fruits mixture (currants, sultanas and raisins) [PAR] Milk to mix [PAR] Yield: 8 dependent on size of cutter. [PAR] Preparation [PAR] Into a large roomy baking bowl, sieve the flour, bicarbonate of soda, cream of tartar and salt. [PAR] Cut the cold butter and lard into small pieces, add to the baking bowl and rub together with the flour until it resembles rough sand. [PAR] Stir in the lemon zest and the mixed fruit. Once thoroughly mixed gradually add milk, a little at a time, until the dough comes together and is soft and pliable. [PAR] Dust a board or work surface with a little flour, and roll out the dough to around 5mm (the depth of a \u00a31 coin) using a 6cm / 2\u201d cutter. [PAR] Heat a flat griddle pan or a heavy-bottomed frying pan. [PAR] Using a little kitchen paper smeared with lard, grease the pan lightly. Once hot, cook the hinnies, a few at a time for approx 5 mins on each side or until golden brown. [PAR] Serve warm with a good smearing of butter, or simply sprinkle with a little sugar. [PAR] The hinnies are best eaten fresh but can be stored in an airtight tin for 24 hours. [PAR] Notes When Making Singin' Hinnies [PAR] Make sure the equipment and ingredients used for making the hinnies are all as cool as possible, including your hands. The butter should be very cold - but not frozen. Warm hands, ingredients, and equipment if too warm will melt the butter rather than it be rubbed in resulting in dense scones. [PAR] Work quickly, and lightly. Avoid over rubbing or kneading the mixture; it does not need to be super-smooth, simply needs to be pulled together in a light, pliable dough. [PAR] When cutting the hinnies using a tart cutter, avoid twisting the cutter, just press down then gently shake the hinny onto"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Claudia Taylor (Lady Bird) Johnson | whitehouse.gov Claudia Taylor (Lady Bird) Johnson | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Air Force One [PAR] Claudia Taylor (Lady Bird) Johnson [PAR] Claudia Alta Taylor \"Lady Bird\" Johnson served as First Lady of the United States (1963\u20131969) as the wife of President Lyndon B. Johnson. A shrewd investor and manager, she broke ground for the role by interacting with Congress directly and advocating strongly for beautifying the nation's cities and highways. [PAR] Christened Claudia Alta Taylor when she was born in a country mansion near Karnack, Texas, she received her nickname \"Lady Bird\" as a small child; and as Lady Bird she was known and loved throughout America. Perhaps that name was prophetic, as there has seldom been a First Lady so attuned to nature and the importance of conserving the environment. [PAR] Her mother, Minnie Pattillo Taylor, died when Lady Bird was five, so she was reared by her father, her aunt, and family servants. From her father, Thomas Jefferson Taylor, who had prospered, she learned much about the business world. An excellent student, she also learned to love classical literature. At the University of Texas she earned a bachelor's degree in arts and in journalism. [PAR] In 1934 Lady Bird met Lyndon Baines Johnson, then a Congressional secretary visiting Austin on official business; he promptly asked her for a date, which she accepted. He courted her from Washington with letters, telegrams, and telephone calls. Seven weeks later he was back in Texas; he proposed to her and she accepted. In her own words: \"Sometimes Lyndon simply takes your breath away.\" They were married in November 1934. [PAR] The years that followed were devoted to Lyndon's political career, with \"Bird\" as partner, confidante, and helpmate. She helped keep his Congressional office open during World War II when he volunteered for naval service; and in 1955, when he had a severe heart attack, she helped his staff keep things running smoothly until he could return to his post as Majority Leader of the Senate. He once remarked that voters \"would happily have elected her over me.\" [PAR] After repeated miscarriages, she gave birth to Lynda Bird (now Mrs. Charles S. Robb) in 1944; Luci Baines (Mrs. Ian Turpin) was born three years later. [PAR] In the election of 1960, Lady Bird successfully stumped for Democratic candidates across 35,000 miles of campaign trail. As wife of the Vice President, she became an ambassador of goodwill by visiting 33 foreign countries. Moving to the White House after Kennedy's murder, she did her best to ease a painful transition. She soon set her own stamp of Texas hospitality on social events, but these were not her chief concern. She created a First Lady's Committee for a More Beautiful Capital, then expanded her program to include the entire nation. She took a highly active part in her husband's war-on-poverty program, especially the Head Start project for preschool children. [PAR] When the Presidential term ended, the Johnsons returned to Texas, where he died in 1973. Mrs. Johnson's White House Diary, published in 1970, and a 1981 documentary film, The First Lady, A Portrait of Lady Bird Johnson, give sensitive and detailed views of her contributions to the President's Great Society administration. [PAR] Lady Bird lead a life devoted to her husband's memory, her children, and seven grandchildren. She supported causes dear to her--notably the National Wildflower Research Center, which she founded in 1982, and The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library. She also served on the Board of the National Geographic Society as a trustee emeritus. [PAR] The biographies of the First"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cube root of 912673 - Easycalculation.com Cube root of 912673 [PAR] Theorems [PAR] What is Cube Root of 912673 ? [PAR] 912673 is said to be a perfect cube because 97 x 97 x 97 is equal to 912673. Since 912673 is a whole number, it is a perfect cube. The nearest previous perfect cube is 884736 and the nearest next perfect cube is 941192 .[DOC] [TLE] Maths Sugestor And Helper - blogspot.com Maths Sugestor And Helper [PAR] Maths Sugestor And Helper [PAR] Cube And Cube Roots [PAR] ----------The sum of the first 100 cubes is equal to 100^2(100+1)^2/4------------- [PAR] Immediately know the cube-root of of any whole cube from 1 to 1,000,000 The Trick: To determine the cube-root of any whole cube, from one to one million, within a second or two, without any calculator...1 x 1 x 1 = 1 (cube-root of 1 = 1)2 x 2 x 2 = 8 (cube-root of 8 = 2)3 x 3 x 3 = 27 (cube-root of 27 = 3)4 x 4 x 4 = 64 (cube-root of 64 = 4)5 x 5 x 5 = 125 (cube-root of 125 = 5)So what is the cube root of 1,000,000? That's easy. It's 100.But now, how would you instantaneously determine the cube-root of 493,039 ??That is, how would you get the cube-root of 493,039, within one or two seconds, without a calculator, without paper, and without any writing implement?Or, for example, what is the cube-root of 912,673?Answers: The cube-root of 493,039 is 79...The cube-root of 912,673 is 97... Trust me, you don't have to memorize the cube-roots...Instead, i will teach you how to do this in your head, instantaneously...All you have to do is memorize the primary cubes from one to ten:1 x 1 x 1 = 1 (cube-root of 1 = 1)2 x 2 x 2 = 8 (cube-root of 8 = 2)3 x 3 x 3 = 27 (cube-root of 27 = 3)4 x 4 x 4 = 64 (cube-root of 64 = 4)5 x 5 x 5 = 125 (cube-root of 125 = 5)6 x 6 x 6 = 216 (cube-root of 216 = 6)7 x 7 x 7 = 343 (cube-root of 343 = 7)8 x 8 x 8 = 512 (cube-root of 512 = 8)9 x 9 x 9 = 729 (cube-root of 729 = 9)10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000 (cube-root of 1,000 = 10)...Now here's how you do it: First, give a friend a calculator, and ask them to choose any number from 1 to 100, and to use the calculator to cube it... In one of the above examples, the number 79 was chosen. Cubing it, using a calculator, 79 x 79 x 79 = 493,039...The person holding the calculator tells you the cube, and your job is to get the cube-root immediately, using \"mental arithmetic.\"The way you do it is this:If the large number ends in 1, 9, or 4, 5, or 6... then the cube-root also ends in 1, 9, 4, 5, or 6... If the large number ends in 2 or 3, the cube ends in 8 or 7... If the large number ends in 7 or 8, the cube-root ends in 3 or 2... (see above list of primary cubes)Let's look at the example above: 79 x 79 x 79 = 493,039So if i tell you the cube is 493,039, you know immediately that the cube-root ends with a 9...But how do you determine the rest of the cube-root??...Since we're only dealing with cubes of numbers from 1 to 99 (while the cube-root of 1,000,000 is 100),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CS Latin America Chile - United Nations Environment ... CS Latin America Chile [PAR] Developing Chile's Automotive Fuel Economy Policy [PAR] 1.1 Background [PAR] Chile ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995. While Chile currently has no binding international or national obligations to reduce GHG emissions, the country is an active member in UN-led global climate change negotiations and embraces the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities for a post-Kyoto framework. [PAR] Unlike many of its South American neighbors, Chile has limited indigenous fossil energy resources. Yet, fossil fuels account for almost 80% of the country\u2019s total primary energy supply. As a result, Chile imports close to 75% of its primary energy in the form of oil, gas and coal. [PAR] 1.2 Chile\u2019s Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet [PAR] Chile\u2019s transport sector relies almost entirely on petroleum-based fuels. Gasoline dominates, although diesel has been increasing in recent years, likely in part due to diesel\u2019s more favorable treatment under fuel excise tax policy. Alternative fuels, including bio-fuel mixes for transport, receive a slight fuel tax advantage. Any major shift from petroleum as the primary energy source for the transport sector in the medium term seems unlikely. [PAR] Spurred in large part by the need to address Santiago\u2019s air pollution problems, the country has embarked on aggressive transportation fuel quality improvements in recent years. Unleaded gasoline was first introduced to Santiago in 1991 (to accommodate the influx of cars with catalytic converters), and since April 2001 the sale of leaded gasoline has been discontinued, nation-wide. For diesel, nationwide the maximum sulphur content is already 50 parts per million (ppm), while in Santiago the diesel sulphur norm will be lowered to 15 ppm in September 2011. [PAR] The Chilean domestic vehicle fleet has shown an average growth rate of 13% between 2005 and 2010, except for 2008, where there was a stagnation as a consequence of the international financial crisis where sales decreased by 8%. The segment of larger vehicles, such as light duty trucks and SUV\u2019s, has increased significantly, growing 242% in the 2005-2010 period, accounting for almost a third of automobile sales, which affects a larger size and average displacement market. The national legal framework also has an effect on this phenomenon, distortions such as tax rebate for the purchase of light duty trucks and four wheel drive vehicles. [PAR] In Chile, the vehicles approved under EURO emission standards have displaced those certified under EPA standards. Diesel technology vehicles have progressively gained a larger market share, reaching 21% of total sales in 2010. This has produced two effects: a reduction in average CO2 emissions and a substantial increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Average emissions from the 2006-2010 sales have remained relatively stable. The commercial diesel vehicles segment shows an important increase in its pollutant emissions in 2007 and 2008, possibly due to an extension in the supply of light duty trucks and SUV EURO III vehicles, since this standard is still accepted in the country, although it is over 10 years old. In the case of particulate matter, there has been no improvement in the national vehicle fleet\u2019s average emissions, except for 2007 when the EURO IV standard took effect in the Metropolitan Region for light duty diesel vehicles. [PAR] Government of Chile, Ministry of Energy, 2010 [PAR] [PAR] 1.3 Status of LDV fleet fuel consumption/CO2 emissions [PAR] There are no fuel economy standards for vehicles, but the newly-formed Ministry of Energy has an Energy Efficiency Division mandated with national policy for energy efficiency. There are two main preliminary elements"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lord Lucan flew to freedom from this private airfield ... Lord Lucan flew to freedom from this private airfield | Daily Mail Online [PAR] After 40 years, new stunning evidence emerges that Lord Lucan flew to freedom from private airfield: The most minutely researched and brilliantly told account ever of 1974 murder - with a killer conclusion [PAR] Nanny Sandra Rivett was bludgeoned to death in a Belgravia home in 1974 [PAR] Man later named as the killer was Richard John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan [PAR] There has been no sighting of Lord Lucan since November 8 that year [PAR] It was rumoured that he committed suicide following the brutal attack [PAR] But new witness suggests that he was driven to a Kent airfield and fled UK[DOC] [TLE] Lord Lucan: Murdered nanny's son claims peer was alive in ... Lord Lucan: Murdered nanny's son claims peer was alive in 2002 after judge grants death certificate :: Jenkers [PAR] Lord Lucan: Murdered nanny's son claims peer was alive in 2002 after judge grants death certificate [PAR] Nearly 42 years after the discovery of his blood-splattered car on the Sussex coast sparked a mystery that became an enduring national obsession, Lord Lucan has been declared dead after a High Court judge granted his death certificate. The ruling by Mrs Justice Asplin after a hearing lasting barely 60 minutes allowed the son of the moustachioed peer, who disappeared following the murder of his childrens nanny, to inherit his fathers title as the 8th Earl Lucan. But any hope that the formal declaration under the newly-introduced Presumption of Death Act might draw a line once and for all under the question of what happened at 46 Lower Belgrave Street - the Lucan family home in central London - on 7 November 1974 and thereafter appeared forlorn. The new earl, George Bingham, 49, who had applied for the death certificate to be issued, insisted after the hearing in central London that the case continues to be a mystery and his father remains innocent. He was speaking shortly after Neil Berriman, the son of Sandra Rivett, the nanny who Scotland Yard believed at the time had been bludgeoned to death by Lord Lucky Lucan after mistaking her for his estranged wife Veronica, emerged from the court to say he believed he had new evidence to suggest the aristocrat was alive as recently as 2002. Mr Berriman, who had been adopted prior to his mothers killing and only learned her identity eight years ago following the death of his adoptive mother, declared that he had in recent weeks seen an internal Scotland Yard document indicating that the peer lived long after his supposed suicide in 1974. The 48-year-old builder claimed the initial investigations into his mothers death had been tainted by police corruption, adding: This is closure and a time to move on for [George Bingham] and his family. I can understand that he wants to move on with his life but for me this is something, at this moment, that cannot happen. Lord and Lady Lucan on their wedding day (Getty Images) He added: Maybe the police know more than they let on. But at the end we have to get to the truth and justice for Sandra. A horrible death, a young woman beaten - my mother. There is no getting away from the fact that whatever happened that night, Lord Lucan is guilty of something in my eyes. Sandra Rivett was bludgeoned to death Ms Rivett, 28, had gone down into the basement of the Belgravia house to make a cup"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack And Sarah (1995) [DVD]: Amazon.co.uk: Richard E ... Jack And Sarah (1995) [DVD]: Amazon.co.uk: Richard E. Grant, Samantha Mathis, Judi Dench, Eileen Atkins, Cherie Lunghi, Imogen Stubbs, David Swift, Kate Hardie, Laurent Gr\u00c3\u00a9vill, Ian McKellen, Bianca Lee, Sophia Lee, Jean-Yves Escoffier, Tim Sullivan, Alexandre Heylen, Janette Day, Pippa Cross, Simon Channing Williams, Steve Morrison: DVD & Blu-ray [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Product Description [PAR] Jack (Richard E. Grant) is a man with a highly demanding job and a wife who is about to give birth. After a tragedy makes him a single parent his life is completely upended. He decides to employ Amy (Samantha Mathis), an inexperienced young waitress, as nanny to Sarah, the new baby. Although she is brought in to help out in his life, Amy manages to complicate it further. Judi Dench and Ian McKellen co-star. [PAR] From Amazon.co.uk [PAR] The story of a father and baby daughter, 1995's Jack and Sarah is the best cinematic depiction of what came to be known as \"the 90s man\". No matter how bad things get we know Richard E Grant will eventually learn to get in touch with his feelings and express his emotions. Grant plays Jack, whose reaction to the loss of his wife during childbirth is initially complete rejection followed by an alcoholic binge. Jack's family coax fatherhood from him easily enough however and this is where the film's heart lies. Brushing away the bitter beginning, Grant's comedic performance in juggling life around newborn baby Sarah is often hilarious: the image of the child in a sock hat being carried in a padded envelope is priceless. Bouncing off Grant's acting are some terrific cameos from Judi Dench as his stuffy mum and Sir Ian McKellen as a convincingly inebriated butler. Samantha Mathis plays an American waitress who provides a twist to the tale. There's genuine chemistry between her and Grant, specifically when they are both around the outrageously cute baby Sarah. Written and directed by Tim Sullivan, this is clearly a very personal expression of the meaning of family. Although backed by lots of Simply Red songs, it hopefully won't be one that's too quickly outdated. [PAR] On the DVD: The ratio is confusingly stated as \"Widescreen 4:3\". Effectively it's an anamorphic 1:66:1 presentation giving a tad more edge than its video predecessor. Sound is in Dolby surround. The minimal extras are four repetitive TV spots and two theatrical trailers. --Paul Tonks [PAR] Sponsored Products Related To This Item (What's this?)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hidden history found beneath Alcatraz - BBC News Hidden history found beneath Alcatraz - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Hidden history found beneath Alcatraz [PAR] By Rebecca Morelle Science reporter, BBC World Service, San Francisco [PAR] 27 February 2014 [PAR] Image caption Scientists are uncovering a hidden history lying beneath the prison of Alcatraz [PAR] It was America's most notorious prison. [PAR] Perched on a rocky outcrop in the middle of San Francisco Bay, from the 1930s to the 1960s the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary was reserved for the \"worst of the worst\". [PAR] A who's who of the criminal underworld were incarcerated there: George \"Machine Gun\" Kelly, Mickey Cohen and Al Capone all spent time locked up in the tiny cells. [PAR] Today, the \"escape-proof\" jail is a much more accessible place: more than a million tourists visit each year. [PAR] But scientists say there's much more to \"the Rock\" than crime and punishment, and they have come to Alcatraz to investigate the hidden history that lies beneath the prison walls. [PAR] Image caption Prisoners were confined to their tiny cells for much of their time on Alcatraz [PAR] A team from Texas A&M University has gathered in the prison's recreation yard, where inmates would have spent as little as an hour a week away from the confines of the main block. [PAR] The researchers are slowly dragging a bright yellow cart along the ground, pulling it up and down in straight lines. [PAR] \"That's ground-penetrating radar,\" says Prof Mark Everett. [PAR] \"The cart has a transmitter and a receiver - it sends an electromagnetic wave into the ground that then reflects off all the different structures underneath. [PAR] \"Much like medical imaging would make a scan of the body, we are making a scan of the ground under the rec yard.\" [PAR] Using this technique, the team has made a remarkable discovery: they have found the remains of a military fortress, which was thought to have been destroyed. [PAR] Standing in the middle of the yard, which is still enclosed by 6m-high (20ft) walls, Prof Everett points to a spot where he has found evidence of a subterranean tunnel system. [PAR] \"(The tunnels) would have been used for the fortifications. There would have been movement of man and ammunition; it would have been bomb proof and covered with earth so it would have been protected,\" he explains. [PAR] \"We get signatures that indicate there is not only a tunnel, but magazine buildings too.\" [PAR] Image copyright National Park Service/GOGA [PAR] Image caption This image, taken in 1868, shows one of the many cannons that formed part of the garrison [PAR] Image copyright National Park Service/GOGA [PAR] Image caption The fortress saw little action, and in 1903 it was turned into a military prison [PAR] Image copyright National Park Service/GOGA [PAR] Image caption Many traces of the fortress vanished, but some are now being rediscovered using ground-penetrating radar [PAR] These structures can be traced back to the 19th Century, at a pivotal moment in US history. [PAR] \"I think most people know that in 1848 gold was discovered in California, and before that time San Francisco was really a very small town,\" explains Jason Hagin, the historical architect for the National Park Service, which looks after the island. [PAR] With geophysics we can help people to know what is below the surface without actually disrupting it [PAR] Prof Mark Everett, Texas A&M University [PAR] \"But once gold was discovered here, San Francisco became a very important port for the country and for the west coast, and so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Facts About Liechtenstein - Maps of World Facts about Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein Facts [PAR] Facts about Liechtenstein [PAR] Facts about Liechtenstein [PAR] Where is Liechtenstein? [PAR] Liechtenstein (German: Liechtenstein Karte ) is a doubly landlocked country situated in central Europe in the Upper Rhine valley of the European Alps. The country is bordered on the east by Austria and on the south and west by Switzerland. [PAR] What is the capital of Liechtenstein? [PAR] Vaduz is the capital of Liechtenstein. It is located along the river Rhine. The city has a population of 5,342, most of whom are Roman Catholic. The city serves as the administrative center; the seat of the national parliament is housed in Vaduz. [PAR] What is the largest city in Liechtenstein? [PAR] Covering 10.3 square miles, Schaan is the largest city of Liechtenstein. Located north of Vaduz, in the central part of the country, Schaan is covered by mountains and forests. As of 2005, it had an estimated population of 5,806. [PAR] How big is Liechtenstein? [PAR] Covering an area of just sixty-two square miles, Liechtenstein is the sixth-smallest independent nation in the world.According to the census conducted in 2010, the country had a population of 36,010. [PAR] What are the ethnic groups in Liechtenstein? [PAR] The majority of the population of Liechtenstein is composed of Alemannic Germans. There are small communities of Turks and Italians in the country. [PAR] What are the administrative divisions of Liechtenstein? [PAR] Liechtenstein is divided into eleven communes (Gemeinden) that consist of a single town or village. [PAR] Where is Liechtenstein? [PAR] Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked country situated in central Europe in the Upper Rhine valley of the European Alps. The country is bordered on the east by Austria and on the south and west by Switzerland. [PAR] What is the capital of Liechtenstein? [PAR] Vaduz is the capital of Liechtenstein. It is located along the river Rhine. The city has a population of 5,342, most of whom are Roman Catholic. The city serves as the administrative center; the seat of the national parliament is housed in Vaduz. [PAR] What is the largest city in Liechtenstein? [PAR] Covering 10.3 square miles, Schaan is the largest city of Liechtenstein. Located north of Vaduz, in the central part of the country, Schaan is covered by mountains and forests. As of 2005, it had an estimated population of 5,806. [PAR] How big is Liechtenstein? [PAR] Covering an area of just sixty-two square miles, Liechtenstein is the sixth-smallest independent nation in the world.According to the census conducted in 2010, the country had a population of 36,010. [PAR] What are the ethnic groups in Liechtenstein? [PAR] The majority of the population of Liechtenstein is composed of Alemannic Germans. There are small communities of Turks and Italians in the country. [PAR] What are the administrative divisions of Liechtenstein? [PAR] Liechtenstein is divided into eleven communes (Gemeinden) that consist of a single town or village. [PAR] Who are the political leaders of Liechtenstein? [PAR] The principality of Liechtenstein is a unitary parliamentary deocracy and a constitutional monarchy. [PAR] Prince - Hans-Adam II [PAR] Prime Minister - Klaus Tschutscher [PAR] What is the official currency used in Liechtenstein? [PAR] The franc denoted by the ISO 4217 code CHF is the official currency of Liechtenstein. It is issued by the Swiss National Bank. [PAR] What is the official language of Liechtenstein? [PAR] German is the official language of Liechtenstein. Alemannic, a dialect of German is also spoken widely in the country. [PAR] What is the official religion of Liechtenstein? [PAR] The largest and official religion of Liechtenstein"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jerry Springer - The Celebrity Group London Jerry Springer - The Celebrity Group London [PAR] Jerry Springer [PAR] Add to short-listRemove from short-list \u2197 [PAR] 22nd Nov 2012 [PAR] Jerry Springer biography [PAR] Jerry Springer is a British-born American television presenter and a cultural icon. He is best-known for his talk show The Jerry Springer Show. In addition to talk show host, he has been the mayor of Cincinnati, political pundit, lawyer, award-winning newscaster, country recording artist, movie star, Broadway actor, and progressive talk-radio broadcaster. [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Jerry Springer was born in Highgate tube station in London, England, while the station was in use as a shelter from German bombing during World War II. [PAR] He earned a degree in political science at Tulane University. He then received his law degree from Northwestern University in Illinois. He spearheaded the movement in Ohio to lower the voting age from 21 to 18, culminating with his Senate Judiciary Committee testimony supporting ratification of the 26th Amendment to the Constitution. In 1971, he won a seat on Cincinnati City Council and served five terms before becoming mayor at the age of 33. [PAR] The Jerry Springer Show [PAR] The Jerry Springer Show debuted on September 30, 1991. It was developed by WLWT to mimic the format of fellow talk show Donahue. [PAR] In early 1994, Springer and his new producer, Richard Dominick, revamped the show\u2019s format in order to garner higher ratings. The show became more successful as it became more lowbrow: with an emphasis on infidelity. [PAR] Ringmaster [PAR] In 1998, Jerry Springer penned Ringmaster ; a personal account of his experiences from his childhood and professional career. He also starred in a fictionalized movie chronicling his television talk show. [PAR] In 2005, a UK version was shown on ITV1, simply called The Springer Show. It beat its talk-show rival, Trisha Goddard, five to one in the ratings, despite it being a subdued and more tongue-in-cheek version of the US show. [PAR] Other Work [PAR] Also in 2005, Jerry Springer became a morning radio talk show host with the debut of Springer On The Radio. [PAR] Jerry has also graced the cover of Rolling Stone, Esquire, New York Magazine, and Sarasota Magazine, and he was featured in Vanity Fair\u2019s \u2018Vanities\u2019. Barbara Walters chose Jerry Springer as one of the 10 Most Fascinating People in her 1998 special. [PAR] What he offers [PAR] Jerry Springer travels back to the UK frequently for a variety of late night shows. A parody of The Jerry Springer Show, \u2018Jerry Springer The Opera\u2019, played in London to sold-out crowds at the prestigious National Theater and garnered awards akin to the Tony Awards. Book Jerry Springer now for celebrity appearances through The Celebrity Group : the number one agents for talent-led product endorsements. [PAR] Post navigation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goldsmith, Oliver - Drama Online Goldsmith, Oliver - Drama Online [PAR] LA Theatre Works [PAR] Type: Audio [PAR] In this classic comedy of manners, two young men set out to woo the alluring and upper-crust Kate and Constance. But is anybody in this rural estate ruly who they seem? Bawdy hijinks and popped pretensions are the hallmarks of this romping frolic that\u2019s kept audiences laughing for over two centuries. [PAR] An L.A. Theatre Works full-cast performance featuring: Rosalind Ayres as Mrs. Hardcastle Adam Godley as Tony Lumpkin Julian Holloway as Elder Marlow and Stingo James Marsters as Charles Marlow Christopher Neame as Roger Paula Jane Newman as Bet Bouncer and Pimple Ian Ogilvy as Mr. Hardcastle Moira Quirk as Constance Neville Darren Richardson as Diggory and Jeremy Joanne Whalley as Kate Hardcastle Matthew Wolf as George Hastings Directed by Martin Jarvis. Recorded before a live audience at the Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles. [PAR] Featuring: Rosalind Ayres, Adam Godley, Julian Holloway, James Marsters, Christopher Neame, Paula Jane Newman, Ian Ogilvy, Moira Quirk, Darren Richardson, Joanne Whalley, Matthew Wolf [PAR] Oliver Goldsmith (1730-74) was an Irish poet, playwright, novelist, and journalist, whose two plays have outlived the efforts of all his contemporaries except Sheridan. Dr Johnson described him as 'a very great man', while Goethe would later write, 'To Shakespeare, Sterne, and Goldsmith my debt has been limitless'. [PAR] Goldsmith's youth gave little promise of his future achievements. After attending Trinity College, Dublin, he abandoned plans to be ordained. He thought of emigrating to America but missed his ship. He then briefly studied medicine before travelling through Europe, partially supporting himself by busking. On his return, he earned a meagre living by translating and reviewing; it was in this period that he emerged as an essayist of talent. Goldsmith's first play, The Good-Natured Man, was turned down by Garrick; the elder Colman subsequently produced it at Covent Garden (1768) though with only mild success. [PAR] Goldsmith made his name as a playwright with the comedy She Stoops to Conquer (1773), in which two men mistake a private house for an inn (a mistake the playwright had himself once made). Goldsmith's only novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766) was successfully adapted for the stage in 1878 with Ellen Terry in the role of Olivia, a part later played on tour by her sister, Florence Terry. [PAR] His Irish impudence and inconsequential style of chat often irritated his London contemporaries. Horace Walpole called him 'an inspired idiot' while Samuel Johnson commented 'No man was more foolish when he had not a pen in his hand, or more wise when he had'. [PAR] Related[DOC] [TLE] 'She Stoops to Conquer', by Oliver Goldsmith - Gutenberg 'She Stoops to Conquer', by Oliver Goldsmith [PAR] The Project Gutenberg EBook of She Stoops to Conquer, by Oliver Goldsmith This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: She Stoops to Conquer or, The Mistakes of a Night. A Comedy. Author: Oliver Goldsmith Release Date: July 11, 2008 [EBook #383] Last Updated: February 4, 2013 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER *** Produced by G. R. Young, and David Widger [PAR] \"SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER\" [PAR] She Stoops To Conquer; Or, The Mistakes Of A Night. [PAR] A Comedy. [PAR] To Samuel Johnson, LL.D. [PAR] Dear Sir,\u2014By inscribing this slight"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the largest brass instrument? | Reference.com What is the largest brass instrument? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the largest brass instrument? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The largest brass instrument is the tuba. It is also the lowest in pitch. Because of its low tone, the tuba serves as the bass in the brass section of orchestras and other musical groups. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Tubas are featured in many styles of music, from marching bands to classical orchestras. The sousaphone is another large brass instrument that is closely related to the tuba, but it is more commonly used in marching bands. In 2013, the largest playable tuba and largest brass instrument in the world was displayed at the Musikmesse music trade fair in Frankfurt, Germany. Nearly 8 feet tall, the instrument was almost double the size of a conventional tuba.[DOC] [TLE] The Orchestra: Brass Instruments The Orchestra: Brass Instruments [PAR] Instruments [PAR] The brass section of the orchestra is known for its brilliant and blazing sounds. Brass instruments are usually made of metal tubes with a cylindrically shaped mouthpieces. The notes that come out of the bell shaped end are produced when the air column within vibrates. The tighter the player compresses, his lips the higher the note. Playing the brass instruments softly produces a mellow sound and a mute over the bell gives the composer the ability to convey mystery or menace. In order to tune the brass, the length of the tube must be shortened or lengthened accordingly. [PAR] The oldest brass instruments are the horn and the trumpet which were initially constructed out of animal horns. Before joining the orchestra, most brass instruments were used for military or ceremonial purposes. In 1815, when valves were invented, the brass instruments were adjusted to produce different tones by diverting the airflow through the tubing. [PAR] The French horn was the first brass instrument to be used consistently by composers in orchestras in the early 1700s. The reason may be that its tones blend easily with the stings and the woodwinds. The trumpet, on the other hand, can supersede the entire orchestra if needed. It is the highest pitched of the brass instruments. Normally two or three are used in a symphonic orchestra for that reason. The tone of the tuba is much deeper than the trumpet due to the large size of the instrument and its tubing system."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space [PAR] Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space | The Greatest Moments in Flight [PAR] By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] July 24, 2012 02:00pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] On 12 April 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space when he launched into orbit on the Vostok 3KA-3 spacecraft (Vostok 1). [PAR] Credit: ESA [PAR] This is part of a SPACE.com series of articles on the Greatest Moments in Flight, the breakthrough events that paved the way for human spaceflight and its next steps: asteroid mining and bases on the moon and Mars. [PAR] The United States and the Soviet Union vigorously competed to push the boundaries of mankind's exploration of space. The Russians scored a victory when they launched a small craft carrying cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin to new heights. His 108-minute flight gave him a permanent place in the history books as the first man in space. [PAR] The race to the stars [PAR] With the 1957 launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first manmade satellite, the Russians took an early lead in the space race. The next step was to send a human off the planet. [PAR] The American plan to send a man into space by 1961 created a deadline that the Russian team worked hard to beat. The development of the Vostok spacecraft became paramount. Prior to Gagarin\u2019s historic flight, the Soviets sent a prototype of his spaceship, along with a life-size dummy called Ivan Ivanovich and a dog called Zvezdochka. With these successes, the vessel was considered ready to take a living, breathing human into space. [ INFOGRAPHIC: How the First Human Spaceflight Worked ] [PAR] The right stuff [PAR] More than 200 Russian Air Force fighter pilots were selected as cosmonaut candidates. Such pilots were considered optimum because they had exposure to the forces of acceleration and the ejection process, as well as experience with high-stress situations. Among the pilots was 27-year-old Senior Lieutenant Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin. [PAR] The third of four children, Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934, in a small village a hundred miles from Moscow. As a teenager, Gagarin witnessed a Russian Yak fighter plane make an emergency landing near his home. When offered a chance years later to join a flying club, he eagerly accepted, making his first solo flight in 1955. Only a few years later, he submitted his request to be considered as a cosmonaut. [ PHOTOS: Yuri Gagarin & 50 Years of Human Spaceflight ] [PAR] First in (space) flight [PAR] On April 12, 1961, at 9:07 a.m. Moscow time, the Vostok 1 spacecraft blasted off from the Soviets' launch site. Because no one was certain how weightlessness would affect a pilot, the spherical capsule had little in the way of onboard controls; the work was done either automatically or from the ground. If an emergency arose, Gagarin was supposed to receive an override code that would allow him to take manual control, but Sergei Korolov, chief designer of the Soviet space program, disregarded protocol and gave it to the pilot prior to the flight. [PAR] Over the course of 108 minutes, Vostok 1 traveled around the Earth once, reaching a maximum height of 203 miles (327 kilometers). Over Africa, the engines fired to bring Gagarin back to Earth. The craft carried ten days worth of provisions in case the engines failed and Gagarin was required to wait for the orbit to naturally decay, but they were unnecessary. Gagarin re-entered Earth's atmosphere, experiencing forces up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Cook Pongal: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to Cook Pongal: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow [PAR] Wash rice and dal together and drain well. [PAR] 3 [PAR] In the rice cooker , heat 1 tablespoon (14.8 ml) of ghee. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Add rice, dal and fry until the ghee coats the mixture. [PAR] 5 [PAR] Add the rest of ingredients, except for the cashews. [PAR] 6 [PAR] Add water cover and cook. [PAR] 7 [PAR] Keep testing the water level and stir frequently, as it has a tendency to stick to the bottom. [PAR] 8 [PAR] Mash rice and dal mixture once cooked. [PAR] 9"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A.A. Milne (Author of Winnie-the-Pooh) A.A. Milne (Author of Winnie-the-Pooh) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Alan Alexander Milne (pronounced /\u02c8m\u026aln/) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. [PAR] A. A. Milne was born in Kilburn, London, to parents Vince Milne and Sarah Marie Milne (n\u00e9e Heginbotham) and grew up at Henley House School, 6/7 Mortimer Road (now Crescent), Kilburn, a small public school run by his father. One of his teachers was H. G. Wells who taught there in 1889\u201390. Milne attended Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied on a mathematics scholarship. While there, he edited and wrote for Granta, a student magazine. He collaborated with his brother Kenneth and their articles appeared over the initials AKM. Milne's work came to the atten Alan Alexander Milne (pronounced /\u02c8m\u026aln/) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. [PAR] A. A. Milne was born in Kilburn, London, to parents Vince Milne and Sarah Marie Milne (n\u00e9e Heginbotham) and grew up at Henley House School, 6/7 Mortimer Road (now Crescent), Kilburn, a small public school run by his father. One of his teachers was H. G. Wells who taught there in 1889\u201390. Milne attended Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied on a mathematics scholarship. While there, he edited and wrote for Granta, a student magazine. He collaborated with his brother Kenneth and their articles appeared over the initials AKM. Milne's work came to the attention of the leading British humour magazine Punch, where Milne was to become a contributor and later an assistant editor. [PAR] Milne joined the British Army in World War I and served as an officer in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment and later, after a debilitating illness, the Royal Corps of Signals. He was discharged on February 14, 1919. [PAR] After the war, he wrote a denunciation of war titled Peace with Honour (1934), which he retracted somewhat with 1940's War with Honour. During World War II, Milne was one of the most prominent critics of English writer P. G. Wodehouse, who was captured at his country home in France by the Nazis and imprisoned for a year. Wodehouse made radio broadcasts about his internment, which were broadcast from Berlin. Although the light-hearted broadcasts made fun of the Germans, Milne accused Wodehouse of committing an act of near treason by cooperating with his country's enemy. Wodehouse got some revenge on his former friend by creating fatuous parodies of the Christopher Robin poems in some of his later stories, and claiming that Milne \"was probably jealous of all other writers.... But I loved his stuff.\" [PAR] He married Dorothy \"Daphne\" de S\u00e9lincourt in 1913, and their only son, Christopher Robin Milne, was born in 1920. In 1925, A. A. Milne bought a country home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex. During World War II, A. A. Milne was Captain of the Home Guard in Hartfield & Forest Row, insisting on being plain 'Mr. Milne' to the members of his platoon. He retired to the farm after a stroke and brain surgery in 1952 left him an invalid and by August 1953 \"he seemed very old and disenchanted\". [PAR] He was 74 years old when he passed away in 1956. ...more[DOC] [TLE] A.A. Milne Publishes Winnie-the-Pooh - About.com Education A.A. Milne Publishes Winnie-the-Pooh [PAR] A.A. Milne Publishes Winnie-the-Pooh [PAR] 1920 - 1929 [PAR] A.A. Milne Publishes Winnie-the-Pooh [PAR] The English novelist Alan Alexander Milne (1882-1956) author of the story Winnie the Pooh,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Switzerland - Flags of the World Switzerland [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Switzerland [PAR] Description of the flag [PAR] Gules, a cross couped argent. [PAR] On a red field, a white equilateral cross whose arms are one sixth longer than their width. The relationship between the span of the cross and the width of the flag has not been established, but in practice the ratio is about 2:3 or 7:10. [PAR] The relative dimensions of the cross are defined in Article 1 of Federal Order #111 on the arms of the Helvetic Confederation (12 December 1889). [PAR] Unlike most flags of the world, the Swiss flag is square. This was an issue when Switzerland joined the UN in 2002, as all the flags displayed on UN Plaza should have the same size. The UN first had a rectangular flag, but the Swiss mission protested. Eventually the UN accepted a Swiss square flag. But, in order to have a flag that is not too small, the flag displayed on UN Plaza has the same area of a rectangular flag. [PAR] Pascal Gross [PAR] Source: [ pay00 ] (left), [ neu39 ] (right) [PAR] The ratio between of the cross span to the flag width is not established by law, but these two layouts show how common practice may have changed over time. The flag on the left (from Album 2000 [ pay00 ]) has a ratio of 20\ufffd32=62.5%, while the flag on the right (from Flaggenbuch 1939 [ neu39 ]) has a ratio of 80\ufffd110=72.7%. In both cases, the 6:7 ratio specified in 1889 that defines the relative dimensions of the white cross is retained. [PAR] The divisions along an edge of the 2000 version (6-7-6-7-6) are the same as those along the shorter axis of the Swiss naval ensign , whose construction details were set by law in 1953. [PAR] \u017deljko Heimer, 30 January 2003 [PAR] The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics ( Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 ) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. [PAR] For Switzerland: PMS 485 red. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise (in 3:5 / 5:3 format, of course, like all Olympic flags). [PAR] Ian Sumner, 10 October 2012 [PAR] Symbolism of the flag [PAR] The Swiss cross on a red field ultimately derives from a similar banner of the Holy Roman Empire, and thus has strong Christian connotations. The Swiss flag traditionally stands for freedom, honour and fidelity. (The motto \"Honor et Fidelitas\" was inscribed on the cross of several Swiss mercenary flags of the 18th century.) In modern times, through association with consistent Swiss policy, the flag has also come to denote neutrality, democracy, peace and refuge. [PAR] See also an article from Constuire , reporting views of Swiss citizens on the meaning of the national flag. [PAR] History of the flag [PAR] While Swiss independence and democracy traditionally dates from 1291, people are often surprised to learn that the national flag in its current form dates only from 1889. Modern variations of the flag can be said to go back to 1815, and the original Confederate white cross on a red"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nave & the Baptistery Window - Historic Coventry St. Michael's New Cathedral, Coventry: The Nave & the Baptistery Window [PAR] Page 4 [PAR] The Nave & the Baptistery Window [PAR] he most striking feature on entering the new cathedral is the 72 feet high Tapestry designed by Graham Sutherland. Wherever you stand in the building, the eyes of Christ appear to be looking in your direction. [PAR] The great tapestry was another example of a re-think in design. Basil Spence's original intention was to depict the Crucifixion but Provost Howard suggested that the subject be 'Christ in Majesty' and from there on, this idea prevailed. [PAR] Turning to your right, an extraordinary blaze of coloured light fills the view. The next photograph shows this 81 feet high Baptistery Window containing a total of 195 lights of stained glass in bright primary colours designed by John Piper, with the Stone of Bethlehem for a font just in front. Each individual window contains an abstract design, but the overall effect is breathtaking. Basil Spence himself designed the stone containing the glass. [PAR] From where you're standing, this appears to be the only window. However, although the stained glass side windows haven't yet come into view, at certain times of the day the sunlight passing through these will project beautiful coloured rays onto the angled side walls, which you may see by turning to your left."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] alimentary canal | Britannica.com alimentary canal | Britannica.com [PAR] Alimentary canal [PAR] THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below. [PAR] Alternative Titles: alimentary tract, digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract, gut [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Alimentary canal, also called digestive tract, pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The alimentary canal includes the mouth , pharynx , esophagus , stomach , small intestine , large intestine , and anus . See digestion . [PAR] The human digestive system as seen from the front. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] digestion (biology) [PAR] sequence by which food is broken down and chemically converted so that it can be absorbed by the cells of an organism and used to maintain vital bodily functions. This article summarizes the chemical actions of the digestive process. For details on the anatomy and physiology for specific digestive... [PAR] mouth [PAR] in human anatomy, orifice through which food and air enter the body. The mouth opens to the outside at the lips and empties into the throat at the rear; its boundaries are defined by the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and glottis. It is divided into two sections: the vestibule, the area... [PAR] pharynx [PAR] cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx chamber serves both respiratory and digestive functions. Thick fibres of muscle and connective tissue attach the pharynx to the base of the skull and surrounding structures. Both... [PAR] esophagus [PAR] relatively straight muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus can contract or expand to allow for the passage of food. Anatomically, it lies behind the trachea and heart and in front of the spinal column; it passes through the muscular diaphragm before... [PAR] stomach [PAR] saclike expansion of the digestive system, between the esophagus and the small intestine; it is located in the anterior portion of the abdominal cavity in most vertebrates. The stomach serves as a temporary receptacle for storage and mechanical distribution of food before it is passed into the... [PAR] small intestine [PAR] a long, narrow, folded or coiled tube extending from the stomach to the large intestine; it is the region where most digestion and absorption of food takes place. It is about 6.7 to 7.6 metres (22 to 25 feet) long, highly convoluted, and contained in the central and lower abdominal cavity. A thin... [PAR] in human nervous system: Enteric nervous system [PAR] The enteric nervous system is composed of two plexuses, or networks of neurons, embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The outermost plexus, located between the inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth-muscle layers of the gut, is called the Auerbach, or myenteric, plexus. Neurons of this plexus regulate peristaltic waves that move digestive products from the oral to the anal... [PAR] in radiation: Gastrointestinal tract [PAR] The response of the gastrointestinal tract is comparable in many respects to that of the skin. Proliferating cells in the mucous membrane that lines the tract are easily killed by irradiation, resulting in the denudation and ulceration of the mucous membrane. If a substantial portion of the small intestine is exposed rapidly to a dose in excess of 10 Gy, as may occur in a radiation accident, a... [PAR] in human digestive system [PAR] the system used in the human body for the process of digestion. The human digestive system consists primarily of the digestive tract, or the series of structures and organs through which"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Europeans < Early America < History 1994 ... The First Europeans < Early America < History 1994 < American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond [PAR] The First Europeans [PAR] The first Europeans to arrive in North America -- at least the first for whom there is solid evidence -- were Norse, traveling west from Greenland, where Erik the Red had founded a settlement around the year 985. In 1001 his son Leif is thought to have explored the northeast coast of what is now Canada and spent at least one winter there. [PAR] While Norse sagas suggest that Viking sailors explored the Atlantic coast of North America down as far as the Bahamas, such claims remain unproven. In 1963, however, the ruins of some Norse houses dating from that era were discovered at L'Anse-aux-Meadows in northern Newfoundland, thus supporting at least some of the claims the Norse sagas make. [PAR] In 1497, just five years after Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean looking for a western route to Asia, a Venetian sailor named John Cabot arrived in Newfoundland on a mission for the British king. Although fairly quickly forgotten, Cabot's journey was later to provide the basis for British claims to North America. It also opened the way to the rich fishing grounds off George's Banks, to which European fishermen, particularly the Portuguese, were soon making regular visits. [PAR] Columbus, of course, never saw the mainland United States, but the first explorations of the continental United States were launched from the Spanish possessions that he helped establish. The first of these took place in 1513 when a group of men under Juan Ponce de Leon landed on the Florida coast near the present city of St. Augustine. [PAR] With the conquest of Mexico in 1522, the Spanish further solidified their position in the Western Hemisphere. The ensuing discoveries added to Europe's knowledge of what was now named America -- after the Italian Amerigo Vespucci, who wrote a widely popular account of his voyages to a \"New World.\" By 1529 reliable maps of the Atlantic coastline from Labrador to Tierra del Fuego had been drawn up, although it would take more than another century before hope of discovering a \"Northwest Passage\" to Asia would be completely abandoned. [PAR] Among the most significant early Spanish explorations was that of Hernando De Soto , a veteran conquistador who had accompanied Francisco Pizzaro during the conquest of Peru. Leaving Havana in 1539, De Soto's expedition landed in Florida and ranged through the southeastern United States as far as the Mississippi River in search of riches. [PAR] Another Spaniard, Francisco Coronado , set out from Mexico in 1540 in search of the mythical Seven Cities of Cibola. Coronado's travels took him to the Grand Canyon and Kansas, but failed to reveal the gold or treasure his men sought. However, Coronado's party did leave the peoples of the region a remarkable, if unintended gift: enough horses escaped from his party to transform life on the Great Plains. Within a few generations, the Plains Indians had become masters of horsemanship, greatly expanding the range and scope of their activities. [PAR] While the Spanish were pushing up from the south, the northern portion of the present-day United States was slowly being revealed through the journeys of men such as Giovanni da Verrazano. A Florentine who sailed for the French, Verrazano made landfall in North Carolina in 1524, then sailed north along the Atlantic coast past what is now New York harbor. [PAR] A decade later, the Frenchman Jacques Cartier set sail with"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Gates - Biography - IMDb Bill Gates - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Bill Gates [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (37) | Personal Quotes (13) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 9\u00bd\" (1.77 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Born William Henry III is an American entrepreneur, business mogul, investor, philanthropist, and widely known as one of the most richest and influential people in the world. William Henry III was born to attorney, William Henry II and teacher, Mary Maxwell Gates in Seattle, Washington, USA. [PAR] Bill Gates as a child was very competitive, curious, and depth thinker. His parents decided to enroll him in the private preparation school, Lakeside School. Gates soon excelled at Lakeside, where he made himself oriented to a wide variety of subject ranging from Math, Science, English Literature and even becoming a superb Drama student. Bill Gates surrounded by historical events at a young age was inspired. In 1969, Apollo 11 took men to the moon, this involved huge computers, and which cost billions of research dollars to function and operate. A computer during that era, was very genuine to have. However, Lakeside had gotten a deal with the city of Seattle and received, this became Bill Gates first encounter toward a computer. [PAR] Bill Gates would spend hours,upon hours at the computer room at the high-school, and he eventually met a man named,Paul Allen whom shared the same interests as Bill Gates. Bill Gates in 1973 graduated, Lakeside and was accepted by the prestigious University Of Harvard. Gates during his years at Harvard University never had a definite career plan, for some time he thought of pursuing a career in law for the admiration he had with politics, but his true craze was staying up all day and night with the computer. Bill Gates met Steve Ballmer whom would soon join Gates in his venture to start his own company, Microsoft. This all started when Paul Allen, Bill's former school mate moved to Boston from Seattle for a job. Paul Allen picked up a magazine at Harvard Square which read, \"World's First Minicomputer Kit To Rival Commercial Models\" to Bill Gates and Paul Allen this was the moment they had been waiting for, the dawn of personal computer had begun. Ed Roberts who ran this phenomenal product was looking for someone to do further programming to it. Bill Gates and Allen Paul soon took on this task and this partnership with Ed Roberts eventually led to the first product made by Microsoft the Altair BASIC. \"Microsoft\" was created in 1976 Altair BASIC was an programming language which ran on the MITS Altair 8800. Gates due to the success of Altair BASIC decided to drop out of Harvard and never returned to complete his studies. Microsoft was located in Albuquerque from 1976 to 1979. In 1979 they relocated their location to Bellevue Washington on January,1,1979. [PAR] Microsoft began to expand and specialize in languages such as Basic,Cobol,Fortan,and Pascal. With this expansion and Microsoft having hit the one million dollar profit margin mark, it was a matter of time until a big-shot computer creative company came knocking at their door. That company was IBM. The partnership IBM and Microsoft developed was a pivotal role which defined technology, to what it has become today. It established what Gates had predicted, every home in America would have one computer per household. IBM wanted an operating system for their new line of personal computers. Bill Gates bought an operating system in which he renamed, MS-DOS for IBM. He received"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maps & Stations - SPT Maps & Stations - SPT [PAR] SPT [PAR] Subway: Maps & Stations [PAR] The fifteen stations of the Subway are distributed over a 10 km circuit of the West End and City Centre of Glasgow, with eight stations to the North of the River Clyde and seven to the South. There are two lines: an outer circle running clockwise and an inner circle running anticlockwise. [PAR] Subway map [PAR] Long description of Glasgow Subway Map [PAR] Glasgow Subway Map consists of 15 stations in a circle \u2013 Buchanan Street, St. Enoch, Bridge Street, West Street, Shields Road, Kinning Park, Cessnock, Ibrox, Govan, Partick, Kelvinhall, Hillhead, Kelvinbridge, St. George\u2019s Cross, and Cowcaddens. [PAR] Click on map for larger version or read a description of all Glasgow Subway stations . [PAR] Google map [PAR] Opening hours [PAR] The Subway is open 06:30 to 23:45 Monday to Saturday and 10:00 to 18:12 on Sundays. View timetable for more information. [PAR] Accessibility [PAR] Wheelchairs are permitted in the Subway if folded. This is due to the small size of our trains. [PAR] Guide dogs and hearing dogs are welcome. [PAR] Ticket offices have induction loops to assist customers with hearing difficulties. [PAR] All Subway stations have tactile paving on platforms and tactile maps at key stations to assist those with visual impairment. [PAR] All station stairways have 30-point colour contrast stair nosings to assist passengers with visual impairment, additionally there are corduroy tactile strips at top and bottom of each staircase to assist visually impaired passengers locate stairs. [PAR] Double height handrails are also in place which are non-reflective and not \u201ccold to touch\u201d to assist passengers with mobility impairment and also for children. [PAR] Pushchairs must be folded in the Subway. Unfortunately, because of space restrictions, it is not possible to accommodate large prams and pushchairs. [PAR] In the event of an evacuation alarms are both audible and visual which will assist passengers who are visually impaired or have hearing difficulties. [PAR] People with mobility issues can read information about the number of stairs and escalators at each station. [PAR] Parking [PAR] Parking is available at Bridge Street, Kelvinbridge and Shields Road stations. Regular users can buy a money saving car park season ticket. Car parking is available during Subway opening hours . [PAR] View parking information [PAR] Lost property [PAR] If you have lost something on the Subway, please get in touch or phone 0141 333 3653. All items lost/found (with the exclusion of perishable items) are sent to the Custodiers Department (Police Scotland): [PAR] Address: 173 Pitt Street Glasgow G2 4JS [PAR] Telephone: 0141 532 2667 / 0141 532 2468 / 0141 532 2609 [PAR] Opening Hours: 09:00 to 17:00 Monday to Friday (Closed on Public Holidays). [PAR] Stations (in alphabetical order)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Willis Tower Willis Tower [PAR] DISCOVER THE WARM PERSONALITY OF THIS IMPRESSIVE ADDRESS. [PAR] Welcome to Willis Tower, where there is more than meets the skyline. [PAR] A bustling community of business, tourism and culture, Willis Tower is so much more than North America's tallest building. It\u2019s home to large well-known companies as well as hundreds of thriving businesses run by smart, passionate people. More than an office building, it\u2019s a cultural landmark and iconic Chicago tourist attraction. Willis Tower is a pivotal point of reference \u2013 from across town, from financial centers on both coasts, and from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It\u2019s a building with retail and commercial office space at heart, but also inspires tens of thousands of visitors to take in the amazing views of the city and experience the breathtaking Ledge. [PAR] 110 FLOORS. COUNTLESS STORIES."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Beatles' audition tape that was rejected has been ... The Beatles' audition tape that was rejected has been discovered after 50 years | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] The Beatles\u2019 audition tape that was infamously rejected by a record company boss - because he thought guitar groups were \u2018on the way out\u2019 - has been discovered after 50 years. [PAR] The fledgling group were also told \u2018they had no future in showbusiness\u2019 following the 1962 audition, during which they recorded a ten-track demo tape. [PAR] The decision by a Decca Records\u2019 executive still stands as one of the worst judgement calls made in music history. [PAR] Scroll down for video [PAR] Hidden gem: The original Beatles audition tape that was rejected by a record company boss has been discovered after 50 years [PAR] Within months John, Paul, George and original drummer Pete Best had signed with EMI and went on to become the greatest band of all time. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] Now the original safety master tape the group recorded at Decca\u2019s London studios on New Year\u2019s Day 1962 has come to public light for the first time. [PAR] It is thought the Beatles\u2019 manager Brian Epstein held on to the tape he had paid to make, and later gave it to an executive associated with EMI. [PAR] Get back: The legendary recording was rejected by Decca records in 1962 by music executive Dick Rowe [PAR] He sold it in 2002 to a prolific buyer of music memorabilia, who is now selling it at auction with a pre-sale estimate of \u00a330,000. [PAR] The recording has never been officially released and the sound quality on it is said to be pristine. [PAR] At the time of the recording Epstein had visited several record companies with the hope of securing a contract for the Beatles - then called the Silver Beatles. [PAR] On New Year\u2019s Eve 1961 the band were driven from Liverpool to London but ended up taking 10 hours to get there as the driver got lost. [PAR] The following day they were auditioned by Decca producer Tony Meehan. [PAR] Big mistake: The Fab Four were swiftly signed up by EMI after Dick turned them down and they became a global phenomenon [PAR] Epstein selected the material and chose ten cover songs the Beatles had previously performed in various clubs. [PAR] But the band failed to impress Decca executive Dick Rowe who turned them down, believing \u2018guitar groups are on the way out.\u2019 [PAR] The ten tracks on the 12-inch audio tape include Money (That\u2019s What I Want), Like Dreamers Do, Take Good Care Of My Baby, Three Cool Cats, Love Of The Loved, Memphis and Crying Waiting Hoping. [PAR] A handwritten note stuck on the cover for the tape lists the 10 songs and their length. [PAR] There is also a photo negative of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison and Pete Best that they took with them to the audition, and would have been used as the album cover had they won the contract. [PAR] In order: The track list for the ten songs was recorded in London on New Year's Day [PAR] Ted Owen, of auctioneers the Fame Bureau, which is now selling the tape, said: 'This has never officially been released. [PAR] 'It is totally unique and the sound quality is crystal clear. There are bootlegs of the recording out there but nobody has ever heard the original in its entirety. [PAR] 'The tape went to a Capitol Records executive after the Beatles signed with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Arothron Dog Face Puffer (Arothron ... - LiveAquaria What do these Quick Stats mean? Click here [PAR] overview [PAR] The Arothron Dog Face Puffer, also known as the Blackspotted Puffer, gets its name from its resemblance to canines. It changes appearance during different stages of life. While in the gray phase, it is gray with black markings around the mouth, eyes, and dorsal fin. The pectoral fins have a yellow appearance. The half-yellow phase is denoted by a yellow underbelly and dark gray overcoat, while the face looks similar to the gray phase. It may also have black spots over the body, which may be gray or yellow. It very rarely changes phases while living in an aquarium. [PAR] The Arothron Dog Face Puffer lacks pelvic fins, but is very maneuverable, using its pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins. Instead of \"teeth,\" it has a fused beak-like structure which it uses to crush prey. [PAR] A 100 gallon or larger, fish-only, carnivorous aquarium is suitable. The Arothron Dog Face Puffer makes a great addition to these tanks with its great personality and unusual appearance. It will eat invertebrates found in a reef tank. It tolerates other Puffers that are not more aggressive than itself. It is shy at first, and becomes alarmed when in a net, therefore, use a container to transfer it. [PAR] The Arothron Dog Face Puffer needs a varied diet of meaty foods including; squid, krill, clams, and hard shelled shrimp to help wear down their ever growing teeth. [PAR] Approximate Purchase Size: Small: 1-1/2\" to 2-1/2\"; Small/Medium: 2-1/2\" to 3-1/2\"Medium: 3-1/2\" to 5\"; Large: 5\" to 7\" [PAR] Testimonial By:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] River Otters - Living with Wildlife | Washington ... River Otters - Living with Wildlife | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife [PAR] River Otters [PAR] For more information on the Living With Wildlife series, contact the WDFW Wildlife Program [PAR] 360-902-2515 [PAR] Figure 1. River otters are powerful swimmers with snakelike agility; their small eyes are adapted for seeing food items in murky or dark water. (From Larrison, Mammals of the Northwest: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia.) [PAR] \u2022 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] River otters (Lutra canadensis, Fig. 1) have long, streamlined bodies, short legs, webbed toes, and long, tapered tails\u2014all adaptations for their mostly aquatic lives. Their short thick fur is a rich brown above, and lighter, with a silvery sheen, below. Adult male river otters average 4 feet in length, including the tail, and weigh 20 to 28 pounds. Female adults are somewhat smaller than males. [PAR] Although seldom seen, river otters are relatively common throughout Washington in ponds, lakes, rivers, sloughs, estuaries, bays, and in open waters along the coast. In colder locations, otters frequent areas that remain ice-free in winter\u2014rapids, the outflows of lakes, and waterfalls. River otters avoid polluted waterways, but will seek out a concentrated food source upstream in urban areas. [PAR] River otters are sometimes mistaken for their much larger seagoing cousin, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris, Fig. 2). However, male sea otters measure 6 feet in length and weigh 80 pounds. Sea otters are acclimated to salt water, and come to shore only for occasional rest periods and to give birth. In comparison, river otters can be found in fresh, brackish, or salt water, and can travel overland for considerable distances. [PAR] Facts about Washington River Otters [PAR] Food and Feeding Habits [PAR] River otters are opportunists, eating a wide variety of food items, but mostly fish. River otters usually feed on 4- to 6-inch long, slowly moving fish species, such as carp, mud minnows, stickle backs, and suckers. However, otters actively seek out spawning salmon and will travel far to take advantage of a salmon run. [PAR] River otters can smell concentrations of fish in upstream ponds that drain into small, slow moving creeks, and will follow the smell to its origin, even in urban areas. [PAR] River otters also eat freshwater mussels, crabs, crayfish, amphibians, large aquatic beetles, birds (primarily injured or molting ducks and geese), bird eggs, fish eggs, and small mammals (muskrats, mice, young beavers). [PAR] In late winter, water levels usually drop below ice levels in frozen rivers and lakes, leaving a layer of air that allows river otters to travel and hunt under the ice. [PAR] River otters digest and metabolize food so quickly that food passes through their intestines within an hour. [PAR] Den Sites [PAR] River otters use dens for giving birth and for shelter from weather extremes. Birthing dens are lined with small sticks, shredded vegetation, and other available material. [PAR] Den sites include hollow logs, log jams, piles of driftwood or boulders, and abandoned lodges and bank dens made by nutria or beaver. [PAR] Dens are well hidden; those located at the water\u2019s edge will have an entry far enough below the surface to prevent it from being seen and/or frozen shut. [PAR] River otters also den under boathouses, duck blinds, and other human structures up to \u00bd mile away from water. [PAR] Figure 2. The river otter is sometimes mistaken for its much larger seagoing cousin, the sea otter (shown here). [PAR] (From Christensen and Larrison, Mammals of the Pacific Northwest: A Pictorial Introduction.) [PAR] Reproduction and Family"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How to Plant Windflower Bulbs | Garden Guides How to Plant Windflower Bulbs | Garden Guides [PAR] How to Plant Windflower Bulbs [PAR] How to Plant Windflower Bulbs [PAR] Reason for flagging? [PAR] Submit [PAR] Overview [PAR] Windflowers, perennials of the Anemone genus, are usually grown from tubers or rhizomes, but they are generally grouped with flowering bulbs. A common species is Anemone blanda, known as Grecian windflower. Originally from southeastern Europe, Grecian windflowers are petite plants, only only reaching 3 to 6 inches in height. Their perky, daisy-like flowers are 1 1/2 to 2 inches wide and come in blue, pink, white and red. They bloom in spring, as do most windflowers. The Japanese windflower (Anemone hupehensi var. japonica), on the other hand, blooms in mid-summer to early fall and reaches a height of 24 to 36 inches. Plant windflowers in the fall, from late October through November. [PAR] Step 1 [PAR] Decide where you want to plant your windflowers. The ideal site should provide partial shade and offer protection from the wind, as suggested by the University of Illinois Extension. [PAR] Step 2 [PAR] Work the soil in the planting area using a spade, a garden fork or a rototiller to a depth of between 16 and 18 inches. Sift through the soil using a metal rake to pick out any sticks, roots or weeds. [PAR] Step 3 [PAR] Amend the soil in the planting area according to soil texture. Lay out an even layer of between 3 and 4 inches of compost or coarse sand over soil that feels sticky or clay-like. If the soil is sandy or light, lay out a 2- to 3-inch layer of aged manure or peat moss. Work the amendment into the soil to a depth of approximately 16 inches . [PAR] Step 4 [PAR] Mix together, in a bucket or bowl, 5 tbsp. of 4-10-6, 5-10-20 or equivalent bulb-type fertilizer with 2 cups of bone-meal for every 10 square feet of planting area. Set the mixture out over the soil in an even layer and work it in thoroughly. [PAR] Step 5 [PAR] Dig planting holes for the windflower tubers between 1 and 2 inches deep, spacing the holes 8 to 12 inches apart. [PAR] Step 6 [PAR] Plant 1 windflower tuber per planting hole. Plant with the scarred, or depressed, area facing upwards. Cover up each tuber with between 1 and 2 inches of soil. [PAR] Step 7 [PAR] Water the windflowers thoroughly using a slow stream of water, since the water needs to sink into the soil to reach the tubers. Refrain from watering the windflowers again until the first buds appear in spring. Provide 1 inch of water every week thereafter if there is no supplemental rainfall. [PAR] Tips and Warnings [PAR] Keep this plant away from animals and small children, since all parts of windflowers are considered poisonous. [PAR] Things You'll Need [PAR] Garden fork, spade or rototiller [PAR] Soil amendment"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb - Secrets & Lies (1996) Secrets & Lies (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A successful black woman discovers that her birth mother is a underprivileged white woman, but the woman denies it. As emotions run high, everyone's secrets are exposed. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 20 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 26 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 01 Feb 2015 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 08 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 3 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Secrets & Lies \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 5 Oscars. Another 33 wins & 37 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Abortionist Vera Drake finds her beliefs and practices clash with the mores of 1950s Britain--a conflict that leads to tragedy for her family. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Parallel tales of two sexually obsessed men, one hurting and annoying women physically and mentally, one wandering around the city talking to strangers and experiencing dimensions of life. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] A look at four seasons in the lives of a happily married couple and their relationships with their family and friends. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] A waitress, her cook husband, & their twin daughters ponder their lives over a few weeks in a working-class suburb north of London. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] A look at a few chapters in the life of Poppy, a cheery, colorful, North London schoolteacher whose optimism tends to exasperate those around her. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Penny's love for her partner, taxi-driver Phil, has run dry. He is a gentle, philosophical guy, and she works on the checkout at a supermarket. Their daughter Rachel cleans in a home for ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] 2 young women reunite and rekindle their friendship after having said goodbye at their college graduation, six years earlier. [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Slice-of-life look at a sweet working-class couple in London, Shirley and Cyril, his mother, who's aging quickly and becoming forgetful, mum's ghastly upper-middle-class neighbors, and ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] After Gilbert and Sullivan's latest play is critically panned, the frustrated team threatens to disband until it is inspired to write the masterpiece \"The Mikado\". [PAR] Director: Mike Leigh [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Cynthia lives in London with her sullen street-sweeper daughter. Her brother has been successful with his photographer's business and now lives nearby in a more upmarket house. But Cynthia hasn't even been invited round there after a year. So, all round, she feels rather lonely and isolated. Meanwhile, in another part of town, Hortense, adopted at birth but now grown up, starts to try and trace her mother. Written by Jeremy Perkins {J-26} [PAR] See All (56) \u00bb [PAR] Taglines: [PAR] Roxanne drives her mother crazy. Maurice never speaks to his niece. Cynthia has a shock for her family. Monica can't talk to her husband. Hortense has never met her mother. [PAR] Genres: [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What does Judaism Believe? - Being Jewish What does Judaism Believe? [PAR] before reading the Torah on this web site. [PAR] Q. What does Judaism Believe? [PAR] A. Well, like all things in Judaism, I can't answer that in one sentence. With Hashem's help, I will tell you some of the most basic beliefs of Judaism, which you can use as a starting point. (And please see my FAQ pages as well). [PAR] Judaism believes that the Creator is the Only Creator, and the Only Controller. The Creator is the true One and Only Power, the true Source. [PAR] There is only One G-d. G-d is the Creator. We often use the Name \"Hashem,\" when referring to the Creator. [PAR] The Creator is only One. The Creator is not one of two, nor one of three. The Creator is not one of a species, not one of a type, nor one of a family or group. There are no other true gods. There are other things that have power, but none of them are G-d, and none of them are like G-d. (Sometimes they are called by the term \"gods,\" because in Hebrew that word means \"something that has powers,\" or \"something that has might.\" Therefore, even a powerful warrior could be called by the Hebrew word for god.) [PAR] There are no other beings like the Creator. [PAR] The Creator has no parts, limbs, sections, or anything like that. The Creator is unique. There is nothing in all of Creation or anywhere else (if there is an anywhere else) that can be compared to the Creator. The Torah uses anthropomorphic terms only so that we can understand what we are being taught, but not to literally describe the Creator. The Torah uses masculine terms to describe the Creator because there is no neuter gender in Hebrew. [PAR] The Creator cannot die. The Creator cannot suffer, and the Creator cannot bleed. The Creator is not a man, and no human can be G-d. The Creator cannot be hanged on a cross to die, or flogged like a criminal. [PAR] The Torah also teaches that the Creator does not change (Malachi 3:6). [PAR] The Creator does not have a mediator, nor does the Creator need a mediator. Furthermore, humanity does not need a mediator to have a relationship with the Creator. [PAR] Therefore, Jews pray only to the Creator. It is not proper to pray to anyone or anything else, nor is it permissible to pray through anyone else. And it will always be forbidden. It would be forbidden even if that thing or person had the ability to grant what you ask for. [PAR] The Creator is merciful. The Creator receives and cherishes to every prayer said to Him. [PAR] Judaism believes that Moses was the greatest of all prophets. Prophets are humans who have raised themselves to a high level. Prophecy comes to a righteous person who has greatly developed his character in the service of Hashem. Some very few people, like the Prophet Samuel, were able to develop themselves at a very young age. [PAR] The extent to which a prophet can receive prophecy depends upon how much he or she has succeeded in negating the self and making the Creator primary in his or her thoughts. Therefore, Moses, whom the Torah says was the humblest of all people, was the greatest prophet. [PAR] There is no prophecy today. There has been none since the passing of Malachi, around 300 B.C.E., and there will be none until the Messiah comes. There has been Divine Inspiration on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Myanmar - Tatmadaw - Defense Services / Armed Forces Myanmar - Tatmadaw - Defense Services / Armed Forces [PAR] Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar armed forced since 1948 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009 [PAR] Tatmadaw - Defense Services / Armed Forces [PAR] Burma's armed forces have dominated all aspects of Burmese life since General Ne Win's military coup of March 1962. In recent years, however, greater emphasis has been given to more conventional defense roles. Strategy is based on the preservation of unity, the protection of sovereignty, and the defense of Burma against external threats. [PAR] If called upon to do so, the army would fight hard and well to defend the country but would be unable to cope with a well-prepared enemy armed with modern weapon systems. The army has scored a number of significant military successes against insurgents since 1988 but would still find it difficult to defeat a committed rebel group which was well established in the rugged border areas of the country. On numerous occasions since the 1962 coup, the Burmese Army has shown ruthless efficiency in crushing political dissent. Any unrest within its own ranks has also met with the same result. [PAR] The Myanmar Armed Forces, officially known as Tatmadaw, is the military organization of Myanmar. The Tatmadaw has dominated Burma's politics since the Japanese and British occupation of Burma until today. The armed forces are administered by the Ministry of Defence and are composed of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. Auxiliary services include Myanmar Police Force, People Militia Units and Frontier Forces, locally known as Na Sa Kha. [PAR] Although the nation took pride in its precolonial military traditions, the roots of the modern defense establishment lay in two very different military organizations, the British colonial army during the colonial period, and the Burma Independence Army (BIA) and its successors. The former, organized to serve British colonial interests, was manned primarily by Indians and by Burmese ethnic minorities. Widely resented by ethnic Burmans during the colonial period, the Burma Army was thoroughly discredited in the eyes of most Burmese by its hasty retreat before advancing Japanese forces in 1942. [PAR] When the British attempted to reestablish colonial rule in 1945, a new Burma Army was formed from a merger of the old colonial forces and the Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF). Under the terms of an agreement between General Aung San and the British, the PBF was disbanded, some of its members entering the new army as part of five battalions of the Burma Rifles. Only an estimated 200 PBF officers were incorporated into the new structure, the top leadership of which remained in British hands. In theory, the Burman units differed only in name from Shan, Chin, Kachin, and Karen battalions that had been established at the same time in recognition of wartime contributions to the British cause. In practice, however, the four minority ethnic battalions and the five Burman ones, including the Fourth Burma Rifles led by Brigadier Ne Win, were clearly separated by ethnic cleavages and by differing military traditions and experiences. [PAR] The underlying defects in both the merger solution and the structure of the army itself quickly became apparent. The surplus of PBF members entered a private army, called the People's Volunteer Organization (PVO), which was allied with AFPFL. PVO branches were soon established in most districts and townships and came to represent a parallel and sometimes competing authority within the state. These problems were compounded by political disagreements among nationalist leaders who, though unified under the AFPFL rubric, represented a wide spectrum of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 [PAR] Martin Luther King Jr. [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 [PAR] Martin Luther King Jr. [PAR] The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 was awarded to Martin Luther King Jr.. [PAR] Photos: Copyright \u00a9 The Nobel Foundation [PAR] Share this: [PAR] To cite this page [PAR] MLA style: \"The Nobel Peace Prize 1964\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/>"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 10 poisonous mushrooms to watch out for in Britain - Gardening 10 poisonous mushrooms to watch out for in Britain - Gardening [PAR] Gardening [PAR] Previous slide Next slide 1 of 10 View All Skip Ad [PAR] Amanita phalloides (death cap) [PAR] One of the world\u2019s deadliest mushrooms, death caps are said to have been behind the death of the Roman emperor Claudius in 54AD. Although they taste pleasant and resemble many safer varieties of mushroom, just 1oz is enough to kill a human. In 2013, an inquest heard that a woman died after adding them to soup . [PAR] Credit: Alamy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten largest telecoms companies in Africa | IT News ... Top Ten largest telecoms companies in Africa | IT News Africa \u2013 Africa's Technology News Leader [PAR] Top Ten largest telecoms companies in Africa [PAR] Pinterest0 [PAR] Telecommunications is one of the fastest growing industries on the continent, with many companies looking to either enter or expand on African soil. IT News Africa compiled a list of the ten biggest telecommunications companies based on turnover at the end of 2011, and found that three of the companies profiled are based in South Africa. [PAR] MTN Group President and CEO Sifiso Dabengwa (image: Charlie Fripp) [PAR] 1. MTN South Africa [PAR] MTN is without a doubt the biggest mobile operator in Africa, based on turnover and the number of subscribers. In a recent revenue presentation, the company revealed that they have over 176-million subscribers across 16 countries in Africa and six countries in the Middle East. MTN\u2019s revenue for the first quarter of 2012 was up by 17.5% to R66.4-billion, and the company made R38-billion in the South African and Nigerian markets alone. MTN South Africa currently has 23.5-million subscribers. [PAR] Revenue for 2011: $9.4-billion [PAR] 2. Vodacom Group (South Africa) [PAR] Vodacom, whose parent company is UK-based Vodafone, is the second largest company trading in Africa, with a 2010 revenue of over R9-billion. On a continent-wide scale across all the industries, Vodacom ranks 9th in terms of revenue, with Vodacom South Africa coming in 14th place. In a recent report, Vodacom South Africa had a 2010 revenue of over R6-billion, and its subscribers have been on the increase thanks to highly competitive pricing structures and promotions. Vodacom South Africa currently enjoys 58% of the South African mobile market, with around 23-million subscribers. [PAR] Revenue for 2011: $7.7-billion [PAR] 3. Telkom (South Africa) [PAR] Telkom is South Africa\u2019s largest fixed-line and wireless service provider, and operates in more than 38 countries throughout the African continent. The South African government has a 39% stake in the company, founded in 1991. At the end of 2011, the group\u2019s operating revenue decreased by 3.2% to R16-billion, with R15-billion coming from their fixed-line offerings. [PAR] Revenue for 2011: $4.7-billion [PAR] 4. Orascom Telecom (Egypt) [PAR] Orascom Telecom Holding, which is the parent company of Orascom Telecom, is one of the largest operating GSM networks in the Middle East, Africa, Canada and Asia. The company is also 51% owned by Russia\u2019s Vimpelcom, and is the 6th largest mobile telecom provider in the world. Revenue for the company at the end of 2009 was $5.065 billion, but that took a dip in the following two years. In the late 90\u2019s the company saw a surge in subscribers, climbing from just over 200 000 in 1998 to over 101 million subscribers after Wind Telecom bought a sizeable stake in the operation. [PAR] Revenue for 2011: $3.6-billion [PAR] 5. Maroc Telecom (Morocco) [PAR] Maroc Telecom is the main telecommunications company in Morocco, and is partly owned by technology company Vivendi. For the first three months of 2012, the company posted consolidated revenues of $890-million. The company also saw growth in its international business, with a 21% year-on-year rise in revenue. At a results presentation in March, the company revealed that it had 17.1-million subscribers, which included 1.2-million 3G customers and 1.08-million contract subscribers. Maroc Telecom also has a number of subsidiaries in Burkina Faso, Gabon and Mali. [PAR] Revenue for 2011: $3.4-billion [PAR] 6. MTN Nigeria (Nigeria) [PAR] Operating under the banner of South Africa-based MTN Group, Nigeria has been the golden boy in terms of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mynas: Awaken your magick powers - Auntyflo.com Mynas: Awaken your magick powers - Auntyflo.com [PAR] Mynas [PAR] Home \u203a Magic \u203a Mynas [PAR] Mynas are midsized bird with tough feet. Its flight ability is commendable, for its strength and direct approach. They are often seen at an open country. Insects and fruits are a favorite part of their diet. They are usually dark, but there are other types of Myna that have yellow head. [PAR] On western countries, Mynas are often considered as an entertaining bird, its ability to copy the voice of human are a source of pleasure of many people. Another peculiar trait of this bird is that seeds that pass through its digestive system have a higher percentage to germinate. The bird is sacred to Hindus. This can be explained by Myna\u2019s association with the Banyan Tree which is also sacred to Hindus. Some species of Mynas also play a significant religious role like the Pagoda Myna and the Common Myna, due to their tendency to build their nests on temples. [PAR] Mynas are sociable creature, known for its ability to mimic the voice of a human, reminding us to be articulate on the way we speak. Mynas are a constant reminder for us to voice out opinion; those opinions do matter to someone else. It is also a sign to watch the way we speak, be sure that our expression can be the source of joy of others. [PAR] When a myna visited you, it may be a sign for you to learn a new language. There is a chance to travel abroad, and stay there for quite a long time. An upcoming event may also require a new language, perhaps a relationship with a foreign business partner or a foreign partner. It is better to learn something new and continue improving yourself, do not be contented on your present abilities. Life is a continuous process of learning and improvement. [PAR] Mynas are also a symbol that you can bring out your personality when surrounded by your circle of friends. Myna people are better in the presence of their friends and families. People who have myna as their totem love to be in the company of someone close to them, it make them feel secured and protected. [PAR] Mynas are constantly seen as a pet of the royalties. A sign that you should always be proud of who you are. People will recognize you for your abilities; it is never good to hide behind a fraud personality. Take the limelight and show your talents. Mynas also possess a certain level of intelligence reminding us to continue seeking for knowledge. Look at the myna and analyze it, look on how it showcases its intelligence, listen to every word and action it is showing you, and learn something from it. [PAR] [PAR] Myna shows as a sprit guide when... [PAR] [PAR] You are having a difficulty in voicing your opinion. [PAR] You have a plan to travel abroad. [PAR] You are not getting the support you need. [PAR] You are losing your confidence. [PAR] You are seeking for new wisdom. [PAR] [PAR] Call on Myna as a spirit guide when... [PAR] [PAR] You are required to speak out your view, perhaps a school event or a situation which requires public speaking. [PAR] You have an overseas job offer. [PAR] You are working on a group project. [PAR] You need to uplift you self esteem. [PAR] During exams and situations that require good retentions. [PAR] Add new comment"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EXCLUSIVE: 'Glee's First 'Don't Stop Believin' Almost ... EXCLUSIVE: 'Glee's First 'Don't Stop Believin' Almost Looked Completely Different! [PAR] EXCLUSIVE: 'Glee's First 'Don't Stop Believin' Almost Looked Completely Different! [PAR] by Leanne Aguilera 4:55 PM PDT, March 17, 2015 [PAR] Photo: FOX [PAR] Whether you're a diehard Gleek or just a casual YouTube surfer, chances are you've seen Glee's rendition of Journey's \"Don\u2019t Stop Believin'\" at least a dozen times. [PAR] The hit Fox series, which will take their final musical bow this Friday, has covered the classic 80's anthem four separate times, but the performance in the Glee pilot will go down in TV history as the show's signature moment. The funny thing is, that iconic scene was almost completely different! [PAR] \"The very first dance number of 'Don't Stop Believin' looks like the most simple [costumes], but that was an absolute example where we had another whole [plan] in mind,\" Lou Eyrich, Glee's head costume designer for the first three seasons, revealed to ETonline. \"The night before we were going to shoot it, Ryan [Murphy] called me and he said, 'I think we need to tear it down and make it really simple and show that they're coming from nothing, so that we have an arc.'\" [PAR] WATCH: Get Ready for Flashback Fun in the Glee Series Finale! [PAR] Photo: FOX [PAR] So what were the New Directions' original six supposed to be wearing in their big pilot finale? \"They were just more show choir,\" Eyrich revealed. \"It was more put together -- kind of like matchy-matchy colors -- and it would've looked too polished for this group that was just starting out.\" [PAR] The costume designer, who has recently been lending her talents to the freaky fashion of American Horror Story, said that she and her assistant were left frantically running around Los Angeles trying to create the red-shirt ensemble. [PAR] \"We literally were at Urban Outfitters, American Apparel \u2013 where ever we could find red that would show each person's character,\" she said. \"We were cutting, and ripping, and fitting and sewing, and it went on camera the next day.\" [PAR] Eyrich continued, \"It doesn\u2019t look like much. It looks like, 'Oh they're just wearing t-shirts' but the process that went into it was frantic.\" [PAR] NEWS: 18 Glee Cast Secrets to Know Before the Series Finale! [PAR] Photo: FOX [PAR] Eyric said that discovering each student's distinctive style was a challenge that both she and Murphy were excited to take on. \"Coming up with those characters was hard because we didn\u2019t want them to be too on the nose,\" she explained. \"We wanted them to be likable, but still be a misfit. It was difficult coming up with that formula in the beginning.\" [PAR] Despite the long hours and eleventh hour changes, Eyrich considers her time working on the Glee pilot to be one-of-a-kind experience. \"Ryan always has a very strong idea of what he wants and the pilot was one of the most magical things that I have ever worked on in my career,\" she gushed. [PAR] \"On the page, I thought it was going to be another high school show. We had done Popular and I just thought, 'Oh this is going to be another one of those geek versus the popular girls shows,'\" Eyrich said. \"And then when we started shooting it, the young actors and their enthusiasm and Ryan's vision -- it was just one of those things that you'll never get again. It was special.\" [PAR] Glee's two-hour series finale airs Friday at 8 p.m. on Fox. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Slots Heaven: FREE Slot Games! - Android Apps on Google Play Slots Heaven: FREE Slot Games! - Android Apps on Google Play [PAR] Slots Heaven: FREE Slot Games! [PAR] Top Developer [PAR] Description [PAR] SLOT MACHINES: IT'S FREE SLOTS GAME HEAVEN! Play Casino Slot Games FREE! A Free Slots Casino App! JACKPOTS & Bonus Games on ALL slot machines! [PAR] For slot games you can play offline, online, or on facebook TRY SLOTS HEAVEN NOW! [PAR] This slot game is intended for adult audiences and does not offer real money gambling or any opportunities to win real money or prizes. Success within this slots game does not imply future success at real money gambling. [PAR] By Super Lucky Casino: FREE Las Vegas Casino games and apps for phone or tablet! GO TO HEAVEN WITH THESE FREE SLOTS! [PAR] Having an issue with the game? For immediate support, contact us at SLHa@12gigs.com. Thanks! [PAR] Read more [PAR] 1 3,925 [PAR] Diarmuid Hunt [PAR] Game 'bonuses' not working I've been enjoying this game for a while but keep running out of credits which is understandable in a slots machine game. The game says that you can get a bonus by installing other games from the maker but I've installed all the games, have '$200/$200' and a bonus ready sign but don't actually receive anything whatsoever. [PAR] CAROL JOHNSON [PAR] Tricky little games! At first glance I thought that these where going to be more for the younger generation, but it turns out that an old codger likes to play it too! Some of the simplest ones are fun, and don't drain the grey cells if you are trying to figure things out. I hope you will TRY this app, this is a keeper!! [PAR] A Google User [PAR] Addictive I had this game on my last phone and played it all the time. When I got a new phone and downloaded this game onto it, I lost everything and had to start all over. I had been playing for yrs, so I had unlocked all the games and amassed millions of $ worth of coins. Why did I have to lose everything just because I purchased a new phone. The other games I downloaded, all came back onto my new phone the same as they were on my old phone!!! [PAR] Sonja Shuman [PAR] New update is not good! This is one of my favorite games. I used to have all of your games. All of a sudden this game force closes everytime. I ran all usual diags and come to the conclusion that your changes to the graphics are not compatible to this phone. So I downloaded it to my husband's new phone and it is doing the same glitches. It slows or freezes and then closes itself. Please fix this. [PAR] Catherine Harvey [PAR] Update = Less coin Have only had one good run since update. Now I collect bonus (after 4 hours) few pushes and its gone! Hardly seems worth playing it now. Would be great if higher bonus given and more often. Love the app though and it is free after all. [PAR] Lea-Anne Patching [PAR] New update is awful I used to love playing this game, now you've changed format on a couple of the games. It runs slow and the payouts are next to nothing. You spend so much to activate free spins and in some of the games you win nothing. I'm going to uninstall if you don't bring back original formats plus that awful beeping sound when certain icons appear is really"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NATASHA BEDINGFIELD Lyrics - eLyrics.net - Song Lyrics NATASHA BEDINGFIELD Lyrics | eLyrics.net [PAR] Natasha Bedingfield Lyrics [PAR] (1-75 of 77 song lyrics) [PAR] Average rating for Natasha Bedingfield songs is 8.18/10 [64 votes]. Selected popular Natasha Bedingfield song of Wednesday, January 18 2017 is \"Cheer Me Up\". [PAR] click on the album covers to see the lyrics inside the album [PAR] Strip Me (Deluxe Version) [PAR] Live In New York City [PAR] [2006] [PAR] These Words (I Love You, I Love You) [PAR] [2004] [PAR] Page: 1 2 [PAR] Related Information for Natasha Bedingfield Natasha Bedingfield (born November 26, 1981) is a British Pop singer, and sister of pop singer, Daniel Bedingfield. She also has a younger sister, Nikola Rachelle. Her debut single, \"Single\", was released in 2004, followed by the worldwide hit \"These Words\", which charted at #1 in the United Kingdom. She also released \"Unwritten\" and \"I Bruise Easily\" from the album, both of which were top 20 hits. Her debut album Unwritten went triple platinum in t.. read more[DOC] [TLE] Natasha Bedingfield lyrics | LyricsMode.com Natasha Bedingfield lyrics | LyricsMode.com [PAR] You Look Good On Me [PAR] AboutNatasha Bedingfield [PAR] Natasha Bedingfield (born November 26, 1981) is a Grammy Award-nominated English pop singer-songwriter. Bedingfield grew up in Lewisham, London, England and came to fame in 2004, after the release of her debut album Unwritten. In the United Kingdom, Bedingfield has achieved four top ten singles to date, including the number one, \"These Words\", in 2004. Her debut album has sold over 2.3 million copies worldwide and in 2006 she received a Grammy Award nomination for \"Best Female Pop Vocal Performance\" for \"Unwritten\"."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neil Burgess - The Full Wiki Neil Burgess - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on Neil Burgess [PAR] Wikis [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Encyclopedia [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Neil Burgess (born 6 June 1966) is an actor best known for his portrayal of the character Barry Scott on the British and Irish version of the television advertisements for the Reckitt Benckiser cleaning product Cillit Bang . [PAR] Other appearances [PAR] Burgess has also appeared in the music video for Real to Me by Brian McFadden . [1] He appeared as a paramedic in the last series of Waking the Dead and was in the film adaptation of Stella Street . [2] He reprised his Barry Scott character to advertise for Easy-Off Bam , also known as Cillit Bang. [PAR] References"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Boxing: Muses, Icons | The Red List Boxing: Muses, Icons | The Red List [PAR] Tennis [PAR] Boxing [PAR] Originally practiced by the ancient Greeks, boxing has evolved, to adopt its modern identity, with the British in the mid-19th century. Boxing is declined in various versions, should they be French, American, Thai or Chinese. If there is one sport that has seduced film directors, it is boxing. Cinema loves the stories of boxers that enable to illustrate aesthetic metaphors of redemption, glory, failure - how to fall and raise again\u2026In Europe, boxing is a combat, it\u2019s about blood and terrifying injuries, in the United States, it\u2019s one of the American dream\u2019s favourite mythologies - the home of legend, Cassius Clay/Muhammad Ali. Robert de Niro in Raging Bull, Sylvester Stallone and the Rocky franchise, Hillary Swank in Clint Eastwood\u2019s Million Dollar Baby, all illustrate the words of Roland Barthes: \u2018what is delivered to the public, it\u2019s the big spectacle of pain, failure and justice.\u2019 Except maybe when a Mike Tyson decides to bite an ear\u2026"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are Judaism's places of worship called? | Reference.com What are Judaism's places of worship called? | Reference.com [PAR] What are Judaism's places of worship called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] In the Jewish faith, a place of worship is called a temple, shul or synagogue. The synagogue is similar to a Christian church. It serves as a social center and as a place to pray and study. It is the center of the religious community. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The portion of a synagogue where prayer is performed is called the sanctuary, which is designed to face Jerusalem. The Ark is a cabinet that holds the Torah scrolls, which contain the five books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In Orthodox Jewish synagogues, the women are separated from the men and are relegated to an upper balcony or the back of the sanctuary.[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Religions - Judaism: The Synagogue BBC - Religions - Judaism: The Synagogue [PAR] The Synagogue [PAR] Last updated 2009-08-13 [PAR] This article looks at the Synagogue, the Jewish place of worship, and examines how the congregation conduct themselves, the sacred items and ceremonies. [PAR] On this page [PAR] Synagogue layout and services [PAR] Inside the synagogue [PAR] The synagogue is the Jewish place of worship, but is also used as a place to study, and often as a community centre as well. [PAR] Orthodox Jews often use the Yiddish word shul (pronounced shool) to refer to their synagogue. In the USA, synagogues are often called temples. [PAR] Segregation [PAR] In Orthodox synagogues men and women sit separately, and everyone (except young girls) has their head covered. In a Reform synagogue men and women can sit together. [PAR] The service [PAR] Synagogue services can be led by a rabbi, a cantor or a member of the congregation. [PAR] Traditional Jewish worship requires a minyan (a quorum of ten adult males) to take place. [PAR] In an Orthodox synagogue the service will be conducted in ancient Hebrew, and the singing will be unaccompanied. [PAR] Few British synagogues now have a choir, but they are more common in the USA. [PAR] In a progressive (Reform, Liberal) synagogue the service will be at least partly in English, there may a choir and instruments, and men and women can sit together. [PAR] Clothing during worship [PAR] Hats and prayer shawls [PAR] Everyone except unmarried women wears a hat in synagogue in order to show reverence to God. (And once unmarried women pass a certain age they usually wear a hat too.) [PAR] Jewish men always wear hats when they are saying prayers which mention God's name. [PAR] Observant Jewish men wear a hat almost all the time. [PAR] The most common hat for men in the synagogue is a small round cap called a yarmulke (Yiddish) or a kippah (Hebrew), but an ordinary homburg or street hat will be accepted. [PAR] Hats are always available for visitors, but a hair grip comes in handy to keep a kippah on. [PAR] Adult men (i.e. those over the age of 13) often wear a Tallit or prayer shawl for morning prayer. A Tallit has fringes (called tzitzit) on the edges to remind the wearer to observe God's commandments - as commanded by God in the Bible. [PAR] Throughout the generations to come you are to make tassels on the corners of your garments, with a blue cord on each tassel. [PAR] You will have these tassels to look at and so you will remember all the commands of the LORD, that you may obey them"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Introducing the Guardian's Olympic diarists | Sport | The ... Introducing the Guardian's Olympic diarists | Sport | The Guardian [PAR] London 2012: Olympic diaries [PAR] Introducing the Guardian's Olympic diarists [PAR] In the first of a series of blogs in the run-up to London 2012, our eight athletes explain how they spent the festive period and what they plan to do to fine-tune as the Games approach [PAR] Olympic diaries. Photograph: Assorted agencies [PAR] Tuesday 3 January 2012 19.42 EST [PAR] First published on Tuesday 3 January 2012 19.42 EST [PAR] Sarah Stevenson. Photograph: Issei Kato / Reuters/Reuters [PAR] Great Britain Born 30 March 1983, Doncaster [PAR] Taekwondo Welterweight [PAR] Sarah Stevenson is welterweight world champion and favourite for Olympic gold. She became Britain's first Olympic medallist in the sport at Beijing in 2008, winning bronze Last year both her parents died from cancer [PAR] After all the fuss about the absence of women on the list of nominees for the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award, I spent the night of the ceremony at home. It wasn't a snub \u2013 I needed the time to ring around making the final arrangements for a surprise 30th birthday party I'd organised for my husband. It was something nice for us to enjoy after a horrible year in which I lost both my parents to cancer. [PAR] I didn't really think about Christmas in the run-up because I would have been upset, so I was trying to minimise the days of sorrow, I suppose. It got hard around Christmas Eve but my family came around to what was my parents' house and we all had dinner together, so I wasn't on my own. [PAR] When I was interviewed by the Guardian late last year, I mentioned that some people found it difficult to talk to me after my parents died but I think the passing of a little time has helped. I got the impression some people thought there was nothing they could say that would make any difference but not saying anything to a person who's grieving is probably the worst thing you can do. I don't hold that against anybody because it's not their fault; they just don't know what to do. I kind of accept that some people don't know what to say to somebody who's suddenly lost their parents in such a short space of time, so it doesn't really get to me as much now. [PAR] I've been back in training since the beginning of December and it's been pretty full-on \u2013 the last two weeks before Christmas were absolutely horrendous but I enjoyed it because it was really tough. I was aching everywhere and it just felt good to be back working hard and feeling sore and bruised like that again. We concentrate on volume in training at this time: two or more hours of taekwondo in the morning and then hard fitness or weights in the afternoon, to get strong and fit. It's very intense. [PAR] I was delighted to become Sarah Stevenson MBE in the New Year's honours; I hope my parents can see me now because I know they'd be incredibly proud. I'm really glad now we're in the new year because it's a mental kickstart to help me put the last one behind me. I'll have plenty of time to train for London 2012; I won the worlds last year without much preparation, so I just have to hope that nothing else comes up to distract me. I know my mum and dad want me to go for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mr. Smee - Villains Wiki - Wikia Mr. Smee | Villains Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Type of Villain [PAR] Pirate, Henchman [PAR] Mr. Smee is Captain Hook 's first mate on his pirate ship and the secondary antagonist in the novel, Peter Pan, and Disney's 14th full-length animated feature film with the same name. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] History [PAR] Although an antagonist, Smee was not truly evil; he simply obeyed his evil captain's orders. In the book, he reformed after Hook died. Smee was a sort of bungler, though Hook still kept him as his right hand man. In the animated Disney movie, Smee helped keep the crocodile that wanted to eat Hook away from his captain, and the crocodile seemed to listen to him. Mr. Smee seems an oddly genial man for a pirate; Barrie describes him as \"Irish\", the only nonconformist among Hook's crew, and \"a man who stabbed without offense\" \u2013 and is portrayed in the multiple pantomimes or movies of Peter Pan as a rather stupid but entertaining man interested in loot rather than Hook's more evil pleasures. [PAR] Smee typically represents a humorous side to pirating, often portrayed as a portly man with a bulbous nose and red cheeks, although Barrie hinted at a darker side. When captured by Hook, every child in the brig loves Smee \u2013 he cannot lay a fist on them and does their darning \u2013 despite his belief that they fear him. Hook considers that Smee has good form without knowing it, which is of course the best form of all. He almost tears into Smee for this but knows that clawing a man for having good form is very bad form. Smee offers to save Wendy from the plank, if only she promises to be his mother \u2013 an offer she refuses, in Barrie's words, \"Not even for Smee\". Smee's position on the Jolly Roger is presented inconsistently (in a sense, it could be said that \"no two 'Smees' are alike\"). In Peter and Wendy, he is identified as the ship's bo'sun. He is one of the two pirates (the second is Starkey) who survive the final battle between the children and the pirates. [PAR] In Peter Pan in Scarlet, he has moved into the Underground Home of the Lost Boys. He leaves Neverland by the end of the book and opens up a shop that sell souvenirs collected from Neverland. [PAR] Film Appearances/Adaptations [PAR] In most Disney storybooks, Smee is said to be first mate (the position held by Starkey in the novel), and this would explain him being addressed as \"Mister Smee\" by Captain Hook, although some refer to him as the cook. In the Disney film, contrary to popular belief, he is never mentioned as the first mate. However, he consistently acts as Captain Hook's \"left-hand man\" (though with varying degrees of personal loyalty). [PAR] Peter Pan and the Pirates [PAR] In Peter Pan and the Pirates, Mr. Smee (voiced by Ed Gilbert in an Irish accent) is Captain Hook's right-hand man. His weapon is named Johnny Corkscrew. He is small, but not very thick, has grey hair and pale blue eyes. His biggest difference from the other pirates is that he is often clumsy and not really able to capture one of the Lost Boys (as seen in \"Slightly Duped\" and \"Play Ball\"). [PAR] Hook [PAR] In Steven Spielberg's 1991 film Hook, Smee (played by Bob Hoskins) and Hook's relationship takes on an almost intimate tone, at times even resembling an old married couple or a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marie-Antoinette - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Marie-Antoinette - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Marie Antoinette: Early Life [PAR] Marie Antoinette, the 15th child of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and the powerful Habsburg empress Maria Theresa, was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1755\u2013an age of great instability for European monarchies. In 1766, as a way to cement the relatively new alliance between the French and Habsburg thrones, Maria Theresa promised her young daughter\u2019s hand in marriage to the future king Louis XVI of France. Four years later, Marie Antoinette and the dauphin were married by proxy in Vienna. (They were 15 and 16 years old, and they had never met.) On May 16, 1770, a lavish second wedding ceremony took place in the royal chapel at Versailles. More than 5,000 guests watched as the two teenagers were married. It was the beginning of Marie Antoinette\u2019s life in the public eye. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] There is no evidence that Marie Antoinette ever said that starving peasants should \u201ceat cake\u201d if they had no bread. In fact, the story of a fatuous noblewoman who said \u201cLet them eat cake!\u201d appears in the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau\u2019s Confessions, which was written around 1766 (when Marie Antoinette was just 11 years old). [PAR] Marie Antoinette: Life at Versailles [PAR] Life as a public figure was not easy for Marie Antoinette. Her marriage was difficult and, as she had very few official duties, she spent most of her time socializing and indulging her extravagant tastes. (For example, she had a model farm built on the palace grounds so that she and her ladies-in-waiting could dress in elaborate costumes and pretend to be milkmaids and shepherdesses.) Widely circulated newspapers and inexpensive pamphlets poked fun at the queen\u2019s profligate behavior and spread outlandish, even pornographic rumors about her. Before long, it had become fashionable to blame Marie Antoinette for all of France\u2019s problems. [PAR] Marie Antoinette: The French Revolution [PAR] In fact, the nation\u2019s difficulties were not the young queen\u2019s fault. Eighteenth-century colonial wars\u2013particularly the American Revolution , in which the French had intervened on behalf of the colonists\u2013had created a tremendous debt for the French state. The people who owned most of the property in France, such as the Catholic Church (the \u201cFirst Estate\u201d) and the nobility (the \u201cSecond Estate\u201d), generally did not have to pay taxes on their wealth; ordinary people, on the other hand, felt squeezed by high taxes and resentful of the royal family\u2019s conspicuous spending. [PAR] Louis XVI and his advisers tried to impose a more representative system of taxation, but the nobility resisted. (The popular press blamed Marie Antoinette for this\u2013she was known as \u201cMadame Veto,\u201d among other things\u2013though she was far from the only wealthy person in France to defend the privileges of the aristocracy.) In 1789, representatives from all three estates (the clergy, the nobility and the common people) met at Versailles to come up with a plan for the reform of the French state, but noblemen and clergymen were still reluctant to give up their prerogatives. The \u201cThird Estate\u201d delegates, inspired by Enlightenment ideas about personal liberty and civic equality, formed a \u201cNational Assembly\u201d that placed government in the hands of French citizens for the first time. [PAR] At the same time, conditions worsened for ordinary French people, and many became convinced that the monarchy and the nobility were conspiring against them. Marie Antoinette continued to be a convenient target for their rage. Cartoonists and pamphleteers depicted her as an \u201cAustrian whore\u201d doing everything she could to undermine the French nation."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1974: First female president for Argentina - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1974: First female president for Argentina [PAR] 1974: First female president for Argentina [PAR] Maria Estela Isabel Martinez de Peron has been sworn in as interim leader of the Argentine Republic. [PAR] Her husband President Juan Peron delegated responsibility after doctors said he required 24-hour medical attention and rest. [PAR] Mrs Peron, a former cabaret dancer, is now Argentina's first female president and at 43 the youngest Latin American head of state. [PAR] Her 78-year-old husband has not been seen in public for two weeks and is reported to be seriously ill with bronchitis and influenza. [PAR] In a state broadcast, Mrs Peron said her husband was \"conscious that his state of health prevents him from directly attending to government affairs until his recovery\". [PAR] Mrs Peron, known to the Argentine public as 'Isabelita', is Juan Peron's third wife and became vice-president after his return to power in September 1973. [PAR] The couple met in a night club in Panama during Juan Peron's years of exile after being ousted from power in a military coup in 1955. [PAR] Argentina's main power groups, including the armed forces and labour unions, are understood to have pledged Mrs Peron their support. [PAR] But regional experts say Isabelita will be inheriting a weak economy in a country suffering from political violence and civil unrest.[DOC] [TLE] Juan Peron | president of Argentina | Britannica.com Juan Peron | president of Argentina | Britannica.com [PAR] president of Argentina [PAR] Alternative Title: Juan Domingo Per\u00f3n [PAR] Juan Peron [PAR] Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Uriburu [PAR] Juan Per\u00f3n, in full Juan Domingo Per\u00f3n (born Oct. 8, 1895, Lobos, Buenos Aires provincia, Argentina \u2014died July 1, 1974, Buenos Aires), army colonel who became president of Argentina (1946\u201352, 1952\u201355, 1973\u201374) and was founder and leader of the Peronist movement. [PAR] Juan Per\u00f3n, 1954. [PAR] Courtesy of the OAS (Columbus Memorial Library) [PAR] Early life and career [PAR] Per\u00f3n in his career was in many ways typical of the upwardly mobile, lower-middle-class youth of Argentina. He entered military school at 16 and made somewhat better than average progress through the officer ranks. A strongly built six-foot-tall youth, Per\u00f3n became the champion fencer of the army and a fine skier and boxer. He served in Chile as a military attach\u00e9 and travelled to Italy to observe the rise of the Fascists and Nazis during 1938\u201340. He had a bent for history and political philosophy and published in those fields. [PAR] Per\u00f3n returned to Argentina in 1941, used his acquired knowledge to achieve the rank of colonel, and joined the United Officers Group (Grupo de Oficiales Unidos; GOU), a secret military lodge that engineered the 1943 coup that overthrew the ineffective civilian government of Argentina. The military regimes of the following three years came increasingly under the influence of Per\u00f3n, who had shrewdly requested for himself only the minor post of secretary of labour and social welfare. In 1944, however, as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Pres. Gen. Edelmiro J. Farrell (1944\u201346), Per\u00f3n became minister of war and then vice president. Clearly he was bidding for undisputed power, based on the support of the underprivileged labourers (the descamisados , or \u201cshirtless ones\u201d) and on his popularity and authority in the army. [PAR] Marriage to Eva Duarte [PAR] In early October 1945, Per\u00f3n was ousted from his positions by a coup of rival army and navy officers. But associates in the labour unions rallied the workers of greater Buenos Aires, and Per\u00f3n was released from custody on Oct. 17, 1945. That"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britain's smallest bird continues to shrink | BTO ... Britain's smallest bird continues to shrink | BTO - British Trust for Ornithology [PAR] home \u00bb news-events \u00bb press-releases \u00bb Britain's smallest bird continues to shrink [PAR] Britain's smallest bird continues to shrink [PAR] No.: 2010-06-26 [PAR] June 2010 [PAR] New results from the British Trust for Ornithology\u2019s (BTO\u2019s) Garden BirdWatch suggest that the harsh winter could be having lasting effects on Britain\u2019s smallest bird. [PAR] [PAR] Weighing a mere 6g the Goldcrest appears [PAR] to have suffered substantially this winter. [PAR] It\u2019s not easy being a small bird, particularly during freezing weather. Weighing a mere 6g \u2013 less than a ten pence piece \u2013 the Goldcrest appears to have suffered substantially this winter, occurring in 48% fewer British and Irish gardens from January\u2013March 2010, compared with the long-term average (as calculated from 1995\u20132009). Although the decline was widespread, regional differences were apparent, with massive 60% losses in three corners of the UK: north Scotland, south west England and eastern England (see map below). [PAR] Goldcrests use gardens increasingly during winter as they feed on fat-based foods provided by householders. During severe winter weather a greater proportion of the overall Goldcrest population would be expected to use gardens, so the substantial decline in BTO Garden BirdWatch observations suggests a crash in the population at large. [PAR] Other small birds also declined. As winter mellowed into spring, the rich trill of the tiny Wren was absent from numerous gardens, with a 22% decline compared with the long-term average. The similarly diminutive Treecreeper, which scuttles up tree trunks in search of invertebrate food, was recorded in 15% fewer gardens from January\u2013March 2010. [PAR] Dr Tim Harrison, BTO Garden BirdWatch, commented \u201cThe Goldcrest is a \u2018boom and bust\u2019 species \u2013 after cold winters only a quarter of the autumn population may be left to breed, but numbers can rally with pairs sometimes rearing more than 15 chicks in the following spring and summer. It remains to be seen how the population will shape up after the current breeding season.\u201d [PAR] He added \u201cThrough their participation in the year-round survey, BTO Garden BirdWatchers, with their weekly reports, have provided an early warning of possible large-scale declines in the Goldcrest \u2013 something that the BTO is investigating currently.\u201d [PAR] For more information about BTO Garden BirdWatch and for a free enquiry pack, please telephone 01842 750050 and ask for the GBW team, email gbw [at] bto.org or write to GBW, BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU. [PAR] Notes for Editors [PAR] Decline of Goldcrests: Regional changes in the percentage of British and Irish gardens occupied by Goldcrests from January\u2013March 2010 versus the long-term average (as calculated from January\u2013March in 1995\u20132009). [PAR] [PAR] The BTO is the UK\u2019s leading bird research organisation. Over thirty thousand birdwatchers contribute to the BTO\u2019s surveys. They collect information that forms the basis of conservation action in the UK. The BTO maintains a staff of 100 at its offices in Norfolk and Stirling, who analyse and publicise the results of project work. The BTO\u2019s investigations are funded by government, industry and conservation organisations. [PAR] The BTO Garden BirdWatch is the only nationwide survey of garden birds to run weekly throughout the year, providing important information on how birds use gardens, and how this use changes over time. Currently, some 15,000 people take part in the project. The project is funded by participants\u2019 contributions and is the largest year-round survey of garden birds in the world. For more information see www.bto.org/gbw [PAR] The Goldcrest is the smallest bird species in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 55th Birthday of Britain\u2019s first motorway which opened in ... 55th Birthday of Britain\u2019s first motorway which opened in Preston in 1958 | Blog Preston [PAR] 55th Birthday of Britain\u2019s first motorway which opened in Preston in 1958 [PAR] Posted on - 5th December, 2013 - 7:00am | Author - Paul D. Swarbrick | Posted in - History , Transport [PAR] This granite plaque marking the occasion of the M6 By-pass was erected at the Samlesbury interchange and remains there to this day. [PAR] Today, 5th December 2013, is the 55th birthday of the first British motorway which was opened in Preston in 1958 by The Rt. Hon. Harold Macmillan, M.P., the current Prime Minister of the time. As well as being officially the M6 this eight and one quarter mile stretch was originally known as the M6 Preston By-pass. This was the beginning of a new era of motoring in Britain and hailed as the answer to the traffic congestion which Preston had been suffering from for quite some time [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The by-pass was inaugurated by the Rt. Hon. Hugh Molson, M.P., joint parliamentary secretary of the Ministry of Transport and aviation on the 12th June 1956. However, before the construction of the by-pass could commence, a great deal of preparatory work was required, such as damage limitation to the environment and assessment of the various terranean conditions. It was truly amazing then that in the full length of the by-pass only one farmhouse and three other dwellings were directly affected. [PAR] At the Inauguration ceremony Mr. Fred Hackett drove his bulldozer and ceremoniously demolished a hedge to indicate the start of the construction [PAR] Early stage excavation on the new Preston By-pass. View looking south from the base of Red Scar towards the Samlesbury interchange. (Courtesy of David Eaves) [PAR] The construction of the motorway had not been without its difficulties though, and in due course solutions had to be found for ensuing problems. One of the main setbacks was the continuous rainfall in the autumn of 1956 when the land conditions of sandy clay sub-soil made it virtually impossible for the contractors to use the heavy earth moving machinery. Consequently all major earthworks were postponed until the following spring of 1957. [PAR] Following a spell of good weather the heavy rains came again and washed away a great amount of the excavated material which would have normally been used to create necessary embankments. The result was that it all had to be tipped away and new material was imported to complete the job. [PAR] Aerial view of Samlesbury Interchange near Preston. This view is looking south during the period when the bridge piers were being sunk. [PAR] The main interchange at Samlesbury was to be the only one at that time between the two extremes of the by-pass. It was decided that a single bridge spanning the River Ribble was to carry both directions of traffic being the full 112 feet width of the by-pass. In the above image of the interchange, the east roundabout is seen to the left and the west to the right and at that time traffic joining the by-pass to travel south and exit the by-pass from the north used the east roundabout and the opposite applied at the west roundabout. Through traffic on the by-pass would proceed along the bridge which spans the river and the A59. [PAR] The new bridge carrying the Preston-Longridge line to Red Scar works [PAR] The full stretch of the by-pass had twenty-two bridges in all; one of those bridges was for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Uranus' \"Frankenstein Moon\" Miranda - Universe Today Uranus' \"Frankenstein Moon\" Miranda - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Ever since the Voyager space probes ventured into the outer Solar System, scientists and astronomers have come to understand a great deal of this region of space. In addition to the four massive gas giants that call the outer Solar System home, a great deal has been learned about the many moons that circle them. And thanks to photographs and data obtained, human beings as a whole have come to understand just how strange and awe-inspiring our Solar System really is. [PAR] This is especially true of Miranda, the smallest and innermost of Uranus\u2019 large moons \u2013 and some would say, the oddest-looking! Like the other major Uranian moons, its orbits close to its planet\u2019s equator, is perpendicular to the Solar System\u2019s ecliptic, and therefore has an extreme seasonal cycle. Combined with one of the most extreme and varied topographies in the Solar System, this makes Miranda an understandable source of interest! [PAR] Discovery and Naming: [PAR] Miranda was discovered on February 16th, 1948, by Gerard Kuiper using the McDonald Observatory \u2018s Otto Struve Telescope at the University of Texas in Austin. Its motion around Uranus was confirmed on March 1st of the same year, making it the first satellite of Uranus to be discovered in almost a century (the previous ones being Ariel and Umbriel, which were both discovered in 1851 by William Lassell). [PAR] A montage of Uranus\u2019s moons. Image credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Consistent with the names of the other moons, Kuiper decided to the name the object \u201cMiranda\u201d after the character in Shakespeare\u2019s The Tempest. This continued the tradition set down by John Herschel, who suggested that all the large moons of Uranus \u2013 Ariel , Umbriel , Titania and Oberon \u2013 be named after characters from either The Tempest or Alexander Pope\u2019s The Rape of the Lock. [PAR] Size, Mass and Orbit: [PAR] With a mean radius of 235.8 \u00b1 0.7 km and a mass of 6.59 \u00b1 0.75 \u00d71019 kg, Miranda is 0.03697 Earths times the size of Earth and roughly 0.000011 as massive. Its modest size also makes it one of the smallest object in the Solar System to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium , with only Saturn\u2019s moon of Mimas being smaller. [PAR] Of Uranus\u2019 five larger moons, Miranda is the closest, orbiting at an average distance (semi-major axis) of 129,390 km. It has a very minor eccentricity of 0.0013 and an inclination of 4.232\u00b0 to Uranus\u2019 equator. This is unusually high for a body so close to its parent planet \u2013 roughly ten times that of the other Uranian satellites. [PAR] Since there are no mean-motion resonances to explain this, it has been hypothesized that the moons occasionally pass through secondary resonances. At some point, this would have led Miranda into being locked in a temporary 3:1 resonance with Umbriel, and perhaps a 5:3 resonance with Ariel as well. This resonance would have altered the moon\u2019s inclination, and also led to tidal heating in its interior (see below). [PAR] Size comparison of all the Solar Systems moons. Credit: NASA/The Planetary Society [PAR] With an average orbital speed of 6.66 km/s, Miranda takes 1.4 days to complete a single orbit of Uranus. Its orbital period (also 34 hours) is synchronous with its rotational period, meaning that it is tidally-locked with Uranus and maintains one face towards it at all times. Given that it orbits around Uranus\u2019 equator, which means its orbit is perpendicular to the Sun\u2019s ecliptic, Uranus goes through"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cock Robin \u00b7 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets | Thrillcall Cock Robin \u00b7 2017 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets | Thrillcall [PAR] All the birds of the air [PAR] fell a-sighing and a-sobbing, [PAR] when they heard the bell toll [PAR] for poor Cock Robin. [PAR] The rhyme has been often reprinted with illustrations, as suitable reading material for small children. The rhyme also has an alternative ending, in which the sparrow who killed cock robin is hanged for his crime. Several early versions picture a stocky, strong-billed bullfinch tolling the bell, which may have been the original intention of the rhyme. [PAR] Origin and meaning: [PAR] Although the song was not recorded until the mid-eighteenth century, there is some evidence that it might be much older. The death of a robin by an arrow is depicted in a 15th-century stained glass window at Buckland Rectory, Gloucestershire, and the rhyme is similar to a story, Phyllyp Sparowe, written by John Skelton about 1508. The use of the rhyme 'owl' with 'shovel', could suggest that it was originally used in older middle English pronunciation. Versions of the story appear to exist in other countries, including Germany. [PAR] A number of theories have been advanced to explain the meaning of the rhyme: [PAR] Zeus is well known to classical scholars, but how familiar are the Celtic traditions associating this constellation with the god Lugh? According to Celtic calendar traditions, Lugh is the sun god who dies as the nights get longer after the summer solstice; a traditional feast in his honour was held on Lughnasahd or \"Lammas\" day on the first of August, a day marked in the old Celtic pictographic calendar with a bow-and-arrow shape. As Lugh was the primary god representing the red sun, his name in common parlance would have been \"Coch Rhi Ben\" anglicised to \"Cock Robin\" - a leftover from the belief that souls became birds after death. This idea is still sustained in the old folk song \"Who Killed Cock Robin\" in which the sparrow kills him with \"my bow and arrow\", the sparrow here representing Bran, the tanist incarnation or opposite of Lugh - the god of winter. (Via www.lablit.com/article/341), [PAR] The rhyme records a mythological event, such as the death of the god Balder from Norse mythology, or the ritual sacrifice of a king figure, as proposed by early folklorists as in the 'Cutty Wren' theory of a 'pagan survival'., [PAR] It is a parody of the death of King William II, who was killed by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest (Hampshire) in 1100, and who was known as William Rufus, meaning \"red\"., [PAR] The rhyme is connected with the fall of Robert Walpole's government in 1742, since Robin is a diminutive form of Robert and the first printing is close to the time of the events mentioned., [PAR] The rhyme is associated with Robin Hood., [PAR] All of these theories are based on perceived similarities in the text to legendary or historical events, or on the similarities of names. Peter Opie pointed out that an existing rhyme could have been adapted to fit the circumstances of political events in the eighteenth century. [PAR] The theme of Cock Robin's death as well as the poem's distinctive cadence have become archetypes, much used in literary fiction and other works of art, from poems, to murder mysteries, to cartoons. [PAR] Notes: [PAR] ^ I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 130-3., [PAR] ^ 1, [PAR] ^ M. C."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volleyball Court Dimensions & Measurements Volleyball Court Dimensions & Measurements [PAR] Bowling [PAR] Volleyball Court Dimensions & Measurements [PAR] Volleyball court dimensions and measurements are pretty easy to remember. In fact, the most complicated part of the court is actually the volleyball net. But we've got that covered, too! Check out the diagram below or view our Quick Facts About Volleyball Court Measurements . [PAR] Volleyball Court Details [PAR] Quick Facts About Volleyball Court Measurements [PAR] Q: How tall are the poles that hold the volleyball net? [PAR] A: They are 8 feet 4 inches. Please see the dimensions above for how high the net should be off the ground. [PAR] Q: What are the dimensions of a volleyball net? [PAR] A: A net is typically 39 inches tall. It is 32 feet long, which provides one foot of netting on each side of the court. [PAR] Q: What is the dimensions of a volleyball court? [PAR] A: 60 feet long by 30 feet wide. These measurements are to the outside of the court's lines. [PAR] Q: How tall is the volleyball net? [PAR] A: 7 feet 11 5/8 inches for men's competition and 7 feet 4 1/8 inches for women's competition. [PAR] Q: How far is the pole from the sideline? [PAR] A: Three feet. [PAR] Q: How wide should the lines be? [PAR] A: Two inches, except the center line is four inches. [PAR] A History of Volleyball [PAR] Whether it is being played on a sandy beach or inside a spacious gymnasium, volleyball is a thrilling sport to watch and tons of fun to play. Few individual scoring plays in sports are as exciting as a spike in a volleyball match, but the sport also contains a team element that is crucial on both offense and defense. [PAR] While beach volleyball is immensely popular today as both as a pastime and a professional sport, volleyball was originally designed as an indoor sport by William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director in Holyoke, Massachusetts, in 1895. In its original form, volleyball could be played by any number of players and incorporated characteristics from tennis and handball. Morgan originally called the game Mintonette. Matches consisted of nine innings, with three serves for each team in each inning and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents' court. After its first exhibition match was held at the International YMCA Training School in 1896, Mintonette became known as \u201cvolley ball\u201d and spread around the country to other YMCAs. [PAR] The first country outside of the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900. Much of volleyball's international growth came in 1919, when 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by American Expeditionary Forces and their allies to people all over the world. Team volleyball was established, with the number of players on each team limited to six. Beach volleyball is played with only two players on each team. The winning score of a game was changed in 1917 from 21 to 15 points. [PAR] Since appearing as an American demonstration event at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, volleyball has provided more than its fair share of thrilling Olympic moments. American players such as Karch Kiraly, Steve Timmons, Kerri Walsh-Jennings, and Misty May-Treanor have helped elevate the sport of beach volleyball through their Olympic success, while the team sport has seen several countries take home gold medals over the years. According to some fan estimates, volleyball is the fifth-most popular sport in the world. Simplicity and flexibility continue to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. Search eText, Read ... The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. Search eText, Read Online, Study, Discuss. [PAR] I've heard the newer versions are revised and edited for children- to be less violent and easier to understand. Does anyone know which versions are the original and which are revised? Thanks alot [PAR] Posted By tom90022 at Wed 21 Jun 2006, 3:01 AM in The Jungle Book || 1 Reply [PAR] Really need to understand Abridgement [PAR] I really need someone to expalin to me why books are abridged. In particular the Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. I read the scholastic version which greatly shortened the length of the novel. It left out tales such as the white seal. I really want to understand why they do this and how it can be legal to simply dumb down a classic story and publish it for profit. I'm studying to become a teacher and I'd really like to be able to explain to my student why I prefer that they read the original version. If anyone can help I'd really appreciate it. [PAR] Posted By sassypengeduin at Tue 14 Mar 2006, 2:00 AM in The Jungle Book || 3 Replies [PAR] Animals [PAR] I have always been a fan of this book in particular, even if only for the difference between the animals society and the supposedly civilised human society, and the fact that if were all raised to love and respect all animals and our environment, we would be happier. My favourite animal would have to be Shere khan the tiger, I named my son after him :nod: (my son is now 1yr and he growls so he is well named) [PAR] Posted By faery faun at Sun 12 Mar 2006, 1:59 AM in The Jungle Book || 8 Replies [PAR] I wondered if any of the locations in the jungle book are based on real [PAR] pendants in todays india, bangladesh or myanmar. [PAR] thanks for sharing knowledge... [PAR] kipling animals [PAR] i am currently tutoring a 10 year old mexican child in english reading and speaking. reading the Jungle Book has convinced her that the story couldn't possibly be set in India because, as she pointed out - there are no bears and wolves in India. She is also convinced that Kaa is an anaconda and not a python. [PAR] where can we find a source to disspel these notions? even the tiger and elephant arguments do not seem to convince her that we're in India, and not in, say, south america or god knows where. [PAR] Posted By paul at Tue 24 May 2005, 10:07 PM in The Jungle Book || 7 Replies [PAR] How do you pronounce all the characters names, especially MOWGLI? [PAR] Posted By Joe at Wed 6 Nov 2002, 6:00 AM in The Jungle Book || 6 Replies [PAR] No Subject [PAR] The stunning thing about this work is Kiplings diverse research into the area. The real existence however, of children raised by wolves in Imperialist Indian Jungle, was a sinister one, which makes this book so much more fantasticly fictional. Although it is a westernised view of life, and, in fact, alot of his subjects he standerdised, are in fact Indian taboos, \"laws of the jungle\" etc. The book is vivid and emotive and if writen for an older audience, could be a wonderful exploration into the fundimentals of human psychlogy. This is a book that can be shared by all and it is wonderful that is recoginzed the world over. [PAR] Posted By Jessica Quinnell"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - 'Despicable Me 2' - the Film - Edited Entry h2g2 - 'Despicable Me 2' - the Film - Edited Entry [PAR] 0 Conversations [PAR] Despicable Me 2 is a CGI animated film by Illumination Entertainment in association with digital effects company Mac Guff. It was released in 2013 and is the sequel to the 2010 film Despicable Me. Like the earlier film, it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud and was made in France . It was a collaborative production between the USA and Europe and features music by Pharrell Williams and Heitor Pereira. It was released in 3D as well as 2D format. [PAR] Made at a cost of $79 million, Despicable Me 2 earned over $900 million in cinemas, gaining it a place among the most successful animations of all time as well as in the list of sequels that were even more popular than the original films 1 . It also received an Oscar nomination for Best Animated Feature and it was second only to Disney's Frozen at the Box Office in that year in the USA. Its success ensured the franchise continued - several short films were made for DVD releases, and the movie Minions appeared in cinemas in 2015. The film brought success for Pharrell Williams too, as his song 'Happy' was released as a single and received an Oscar nomination 2 as well as reaching Number 1 in the charts around the world. [PAR] Following on from the events of Despicable Me, this film sees suburban villain Gru retired from the life of villainy so that he can be a full time father to his girls - his laboratory that used to develop evil schemes has been converted into a factory for making jams and jellies . Things are going well, but Mother's Day is approaching so the girls are sad. And does Gru miss the thrill of crime? [PAR] Characters [PAR] Gru had some success in his previous career as a villain, so he lives in the suburbs in a comfortable (albeit dark and spooky) house and has a big (insect-like) car plus a secret laboratory and a team of Minions devoted to helping him with his work. He adopted three orphan girls and is now their father, but is not able to be the mother they never had. [PAR] Lucy Wild is an agent for the Anti-Villain League. She has been tasked with getting insider knowledge from Gru in order to fight the villain who has developed an evil growth serum that turns anyone sprayed with it into an almost-invincible monster. A good match for Gru, as her heat ray is equal to his freeze ray, after a difficult start they begin to like one another. [PAR] Compared to the events in the earlier film, the girls are growing up. The eldest, Margo, is still studious but is becoming interested in boys, much to Gru's consternation and awakening his protective father instincts. Middle child Edith is developing her ninja skills, following in the footsteps of her grandmother, but still likes the colour pink . The youngest, Agnes, is aware that, even though Gru is a good parent to her, she still misses having a mother, and she is struggling to find inspiration for her school's Mother's Day presentation. [PAR] Dr Nefario is an evil version of inventor Q from the James Bond films . The fart gun he invented by mistake in the first film, rather than the dart gun that he had actually been instructed to invent 3 , is an asset to Gru, but"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Phobia List The Phobia List [PAR] Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. [PAR] Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. [PAR] Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. [PAR] Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. [PAR] Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) [PAR] Androphobia- Fear of men. [PAR] Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) [PAR] Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. [PAR] Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. [PAR] Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. [PAR] Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. [PAR] Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. [PAR] Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. [PAR] Antlophobia- Fear of floods. [PAR] Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. [PAR] Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. [PAR] Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) [PAR] Apiphobia- Fear of bees. [PAR] Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. [PAR] Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. [PAR] Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. [PAR] Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. [PAR] Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty. [PAR] Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. [PAR] Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer. [PAR] Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart. [PAR] Carnophobia- Fear of meat. [PAR] Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed. [PAR] Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places. [PAR] Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting. [PAR] Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas. [PAR] Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) [PAR] Chaetophobia- Fear of hair. [PAR] Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia) [PAR] Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals. [PAR] Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety. [PAR] Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Chirophobia- Fear of hands. [PAR] Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera. [PAR] Chorophobia- Fear of dancing. [PAR] Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money. [PAR] Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors. [PAR] Chronophobia- Fear of time. [PAR] Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia) [PAR] Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces. [PAR] Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place. [PAR] Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing. [PAR] Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs. [PAR] Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed. [PAR] Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed. [PAR] Cnidophobia- Fear of stings. [PAR] Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions. [PAR] Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements. [PAR] Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations. [PAR] Dementophobia- Fear of insanity. [PAR] Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons. [PAR] Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia) [PAR] Dendrophobia- Fear of trees. [PAR] Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions. [PAR] Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease. [PAR] Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body. [PAR] Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes. [PAR] Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. [PAR] Dikephobia- Fear of justice. [PAR] Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools. [PAR] Diplophobia- Fear of double vision. [PAR] Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking. [PAR] Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone. [PAR] Disposophobia- Fear of throwing stuff out. Hoarding. [PAR] Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia) [PAR] Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals. [PAR] Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise. [PAR] Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets. [PAR] Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch. [PAR] Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity. [PAR] Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things. [PAR] Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. [PAR] Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. [PAR] Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed. [PAR] Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure. [PAR] Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. [PAR] Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology. [PAR] Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms. [PAR] Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Illuminati Sun Symbolism --World\u2019s 100 Best Brand Logos ... Illuminati Sun Symbolism --World\u2019s 100 Best Brand Logos - 12160 [PAR] Illuminati Sun Symbolism --World\u2019s 100 Best Brand Logos [PAR] June 9, 2010 [PAR] by, Spydaman13 [PAR] It\u2019s easy to see the sun in the BP logo above, but spotting the cross made with \u201cbp\u201d isn\u2019t as obvious. Like all the World\u2019s 100 Best Brand Logos, the BP logo displays esoteric sun symbolism as directed by the Illuminati. Ironically, BP uses lower case letters for it\u2019s intials. But, purposely it forms the cross next to the sun; all of which represents the sun/son that died on the cross. The illuminati are proud to be \u201cOrder of the Sun\u201d and display it on virtually all product logos. Most people see it unwittingly, but it severely impacts us through the subconscious. The Illuminati love to rub our noses in it - esoterically, keeping us in servitude, slaves. It\u2019s no different now than in all of of known history. [PAR] There\u2019s three methods of sun symbolism used by the Illuminati in the World\u2019s 100 Best Brand logos: [PAR] Sun-on-cross [PAR] Triangle (capstone of pyramid) with all-seeing eye [PAR] Direct [PAR] That\u2019s it, just three. These are the 2009 World\u2019s 100 Best Brand Logos as presented on: http://www.interbrand.com/best_global_brands.aspx . It is based on brand value begginning with Coca-Cola at $68,734,000 down to Campbells at $3,081,000. I\u2019ve also interweaved (noted with **) the Word\u2019s 20 most Famous Logo Designs as reported here: http://www.toxel.com/design/2008/08/20/20-famous-logo-designs/ . I\u2019ve also interweaved a few other logos (noted with *). [PAR] 1.0 Sun-on-cross [PAR] The first method of sun symbolism used by the Illuminati in the World\u2019s Top 100 Brand Logos is the sun-on-cross, or cross-in-circle; represented by the Celtic Cross shown below. The quick explanation is that the circle represents the sun and the sun/son died on the cross. For complete derivation, please see link: http://12160.info/profiles/blogs/illuminati-sun-symbolism-auto-logo... [PAR] I suggest just looking for the crosses as you scroll down. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Xerox \u2013 \u2018x\u2019 is a cross on the red sphere (sun). [PAR] Windows \u2013 window squares form the borders for a cross in the middle and sits on white circle (sun). [PAR] Wrigley \u2013earth\u2019s grid lines form crosses on the glowing sphere (sun). [PAR] Citi \u2013the lower case \u2018t\u2019 is the cross and sits below the red arch (top of sun). What makes this so blatant is that the lower case \u2018t\u2019 is taller than the capital \u2018C\u2019 and capital \u2018I\u2019s. [PAR] At&t \u2013again the lower case \u2018t\u2019 makes the cross, twice; and sits next to the white sphere, sun. And, the lower case \u2018t\u2019s are taller than the ampersand, which deliberately draws more attention to the crosses. Here is how they would look from a typewriter: t&. [PAR] Gillete \u2013double \u2018t\u2019s provide for two crosses which sit on the nearly circular \u201cG\u201d (sun) with a spark on top. The two \u2018l\u2019s make the number eleven, a common occult theme in these logos and I\u2019ll point them out as we go. [PAR] G E \u2013 three crosses are made on the circle, sun. [PAR] Phillips \u2013four crosses sit on the circle, sun. [PAR] *LG \u2013drop the dot a bit and it makes a cross with the \u201cL\u201d and line next to it. Of course, our subconscious does this for us. The cross sits on the red circle; i.e. sun. [PAR] Armani: [PAR] Hermes \u2013cross is made on the horse body with the straps. The orange wagon wheels are suns. During my research I discovered the only color this logo is ever shown in is orange. [PAR] Louis Vitton"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Do Cats Have Toes or Paws? - Pets Do Cats Have Toes or Paws? - Pets [PAR] Pets [PAR] Do Cats Have Toes or Paws? [PAR] by Melodie Anne [PAR] Lucy needs a manicure and a pedicure once in a while. [PAR] Don't get your cuddly kitty's toes and paws mixed up -- they are in fact separate and distinct parts. Think of Lucy's front paws as her hands and her back paws as her feet. Her front paws have fingers and a thumb, while her back paws have toes. [PAR] Not Just for Pouncing [PAR] Feline paws and toes are an intricate system allowing them to perform all of the same activities as their larger wildcat cousins. Lucy's front paws, fingers and claws are just like your hands. She uses them to grab prey -- or furry mice toys -- shovel food into her mouth and groom her face. Her back paws and toes help her jump, pounce, play and run away from predators. Additionally, the pads of her feet sweat a small amount, helping her cool down when it gets steamy outside. Her paw pads also help her glide around quietly when she is getting ready to pounce on one of her siblings. [PAR] Counting Fingers and Toes [PAR] All cats have four paws, unless they suffer some kind of tragic accident. Each front paw has four fingers and one thumb, which is known as a dewclaw. Her back paws each have four toes. Every finger and toe also has a claw, similar to your fingernails. In all, Lucy has 18 fingers and toes spread out between her four paws, explains Dr. Arnold Plotnick, a New York City-based veterinarian. [PAR] Extra Toes [PAR] Once in a while felines grow extra toes. A condition known as polydactylism is a genetic mutation in which your lovable companion may wind up with one or two extra digits on each foot. Having an extra toe is simply a kitty quirk and is not dangerous or harmful to her health. The extra digit doesn't offer little Lucy any extra benefits, however if the toes don't form properly, she'll wind up having chronic problems with ingrown or overgrown claws. [PAR] Special Care [PAR] Inspect Lucy's paws and toes each day, especially if she goes outside. Thorns, chunks of cat litter, small rocks or other debris can be painful when they get stuck between her digits. She also needs her nails trimmed every few weeks or so. If you hear clicking on the linoleum when she walks, it's a sign her nails are too long. When trimming her nails, avoid getting close to the quick. This pink part inside the nail is the blood supply and causes severe pain when you get close to it. If you're unsure about how to give her a proper manicure, have your veterinarian show you how. Getting her used to extra handling ahead of time helps minimize any angry hissing episodes at the vet office."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ images about Horses - Lipizzaner on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about Horses - Lipizzaner on Pinterest | Stables, White horses and Vienna [PAR] The beautiful Lippizaner horses of Vienna. I've gotten to see them twice!! Absolutely beautiful its amazing to see the horses that have learned all this. Its a very old tradition! [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Lipizzaner Horse - Animal World Lipizzaner, Horse Care and Horse Facts About Lipizzaners [PAR] Hello , so guys i am having some good quality of marwari horses and mares so if any body is interesed can contact:-7837768166 [PAR] Tejinder Partap Singh [PAR] I want to purchase a Malwari mare any 1 can help me??? [PAR] syed husnain abid [PAR] I am interested in buying halfinger embryos [PAR] MACARIO PEREZ [PAR] I have available now in my ranch, two very healthy 4 year old friesian horses. Perfect for dressage. A male and a female. Both are approximately 15.2 hands. No health complications. Looking for interested persons. Email me at sanuellazakoy@yahoo.com [PAR] sandra [PAR] i want buy a horse .pls help me at low price [PAR] Sher khan [PAR] Clydesdale needed. Must be muscular and strong. Appx. age- 15 yrs. Using for hauling loads up to 230 lbs. Thanks! [PAR] Tiffany"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oliver Reed - IMDb Oliver Reed - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Actor | Soundtrack [PAR] Oliver Reed was born on February 13, 1938 in Wimbledon, London, England as Robert Oliver Reed. He was an actor, known for Gladiator (2000), Oliver! (1968) and Tommy (1975). He was married to Josephine Burge and Kate Byrne. He died on May 2, 1999 in Valletta, Malta. See full bio \u00bb [PAR] Born: [PAR] a list of 35 people [PAR] created 17 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 40 people [PAR] created 18 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 42 people [PAR] created 02 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 24 people [PAR] created 02 Apr 2014 [PAR] a list of 37 people [PAR] created 2 weeks ago [PAR] Do you have a demo reel? [PAR] Add it to your IMDbPage [PAR] How much of Oliver Reed's work have you seen? [PAR] User Polls [PAR] Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Known For [PAR] 1968 Film Review (TV Mini-Series) [PAR] Andrew Quint [PAR] - Backs British Films (1968) ... Andrew Quint [PAR] 1967 Omnibus (TV Series documentary) [PAR] 1965 It's Dark Outside (TV Series) [PAR] Sebastian [PAR] 1959-1964 The Third Man (TV Series) [PAR] Pepi / Theodore [PAR] 1963-1964 The Saint (TV Series) [PAR] Aristides Koralis / Joe Catelli [PAR] 1959 H.G.Wells' Invisible Man (TV Series) [PAR] Man at Roulette Table / Cafe Patron [PAR] Soundtrack (1 credit) [PAR] 1975 Tommy (performer: \"Bernie's Holiday Camp\", \"1951/What About the Boy\", \"Christmas\", \"Do You Think It's Alright? (I)\", \"Do You Think It's Alright? (II)\", \"Do You Think It's Alright? (III)\", \"There's A Doctor\", \"Go to the Mirror\", \"Welcome\", \"T.V. Studio\" - uncredited) [PAR] Hide [PAR] 2000 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1994 The World of Hammer (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Narrator / Harry Cobtree / Leon [PAR] 1993 Without Walls (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1992 The Word (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1991 After Dark (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1990 This Week (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1984-1990 Aspel & Company (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1974-1986 This Is Your Life (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1985 All Star Secrets (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1982 Sin on Saturday (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1972-1974 Russell Harty Plus (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 1973 Opportunity Knocks (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - Guest [PAR] 1971 Director of Devils (Documentary short) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1971 Cinema (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1962 Needle Match (TV Series) [PAR] Himself - British Promoter [PAR] 2016 Secret History (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself / Colonel Leachman [PAR] 2015 It Was Alright in the... (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2008 TV's Believe It or Not (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself (uncredited) [PAR] 2005 20 to 1 (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2004 Room 101 (TV Series) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2001 Legends (TV Series documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 2000 Hellraisers (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1995 Empire of the Censors (TV Movie documentary) [PAR] Himself [PAR] 1990 That's Action (Video documentary) [PAR] General Turner (uncredited) [PAR] Personal Details [PAR] Other Works: [PAR] 6/18/95: Appeared as Aleister Crowley , in the Radio 4 play, \"The Death of Alexander Scriabin\". See more \u00bb [PAR] Publicity Listings: [PAR] 4 Print Biographies | 2 Interviews | 3 Articles | 5 Pictorials | See more \u00bb [PAR] Height: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Personal Quote: [PAR] There is, of course, a world of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mexico 1968 Summer Olympics - results & video highlights Mexico 1968 Summer Olympics - results & video highlights [PAR] Official Reports arrow [PAR] High altitude [PAR] The choice of Mexico City to host the 1968 Olympic Games proved to be a controversial one because of the city's high altitude, 2,300m. The altitude proved an advantage in explosive events such as short-distance running, jumping, throwing and weightlifting. But the rarefied air proved disastrous for those competing in endurance events. [PAR] Records tumble [PAR] The high altitude led to world records in all of the men\u2019s races that were 400m or shorter, plus the long jump and triple jump. Probably the most memorable achievement was Bob Beamon\u2019s spectacular long jump of 8.90m - a world record that would last for 22 years. [PAR] Olympic firsts [PAR] Mexican hurdler Enriqueta Basilio became the first woman to light the cauldron at the Opening Ceremony. Wyomia Tyus of the US became the first athlete to win the 100m twice. Dick Fosbury won the men\u2019s high jump with a new jumping style now known as the \u201cFosbury Flop\u201d, and for the first time winners had to undergo a doping test. [PAR] Drama and beauty [PAR] The Games were blessed with many outstanding heroines but none more so than Vera Caslavska. The attractive and vivacious Czech gymnast won four golds and two silver medals. Her victories were dramatic - defeating Soviet gymnasts two months after the Soviet invasion of her homeland. [PAR] NOCs: 112 [PAR] Media: n/a [PAR] The effects of altitude [PAR] It was the first times the Games had taken place in Latin America at such a high altitude above sea level (2 300m). The altitude was an advantage in the events which needed a brief but intense effort (running up to 800m, jumping, throwing, weightlifting, etc.) but a handicap for efforts lasting longer than two minutes (long-distance and middle-distance running, swimming, cycling, etc.) [PAR] The German athletes [PAR] The athletes from the German Democratic Republic competed in their own team under the name of \u201cEast Germany\u201d. It was only in 1972 that they took part under the official name of their country, \u201cGerman Democratic Republic\u201d. [PAR] In the footsteps of Columbus [PAR] The itinerary of the Olympic torch relay followed in the footsteps of Christopher Columbus, tracing the route of his first journey from Spain to the New World. [PAR] A special year [PAR] The year 1968 was extremely important from a political point of view. The People\u2019s Republic of China found itself in the midst of the Cultural Revolution, the attempt to liberalize Czechoslovakia was crushed by Soviet troops, the French government was caught up in student demonstrations and throughout the United States, peace and civil rights demonstrations were taking place. Mexico was not forgotten in this wave of revolution- students and teachers were on strike and held large protest rallies, bloodily repressed at the Square of Three Cultures. [PAR] \u201cBlack Power\u201d [PAR] Over and above winning medals, the black American athletes made names for themselves by an act of racial protest. During the medal presentation ceremony, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, gold and bronze medal winners in the 200m, raised a black-gloved fist and hung their heads when their country\u2019s national anthem was played. In doing this, they were protesting against racial segregation in the United States and were subsequently expelled from the Olympic Village. [PAR] Doping controls [PAR] For the first time, the winners had to undergo a doping test (narcotics, stimulants). [PAR] The appearance of tartan [PAR] A synthetic material (tartan) was used for the first time on"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] So, Spider-Man! Brilliant Disguise!; The Real Mild ... So, Spider-Man! Brilliant Disguise!; The Real Mild-Mannered Parkers Are in a Superhero's Fictional Lair - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] N.Y. / Region |So, Spider-Man! Brilliant Disguise!; The Real Mild-Mannered Parkers Are in a Superhero's Fictional Lair [PAR] Search [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Much of ''Spider-Man,'' the blockbuster action movie, was filmed on location in Queens, the comic book domain of the web-slinging superhero. As it happens, the realism of the Spider-Man comic transcends the mere film. [PAR] In the comics, Peter Parker, the mild-mannered photojournalist who is Spider-Man's alter ego, grew up at 20 Ingram Street, a modest, two-story boarding house run by his Aunt May in the heart of Forest Hills Gardens. The address actually exists and is home to a family named Parker: Andrew and Suzanne Parker, who moved there in 1974, and their two daughters. [PAR] In 1989, the family began receiving junk mail addressed to Peter Parker. ''We got tons of it,'' Mrs. Parker said yesterday. ''Star Trek magazines, a Discover Card in his name, and notices from them over the years calling him a good customer.'' There were also prank phone calls, all of which she attributed to a ''teenager who found it funny that we had the same last name as Spider-Man.'' [PAR] The Parkers had no idea they were living in a comic book landmark, she said. [PAR] Then, last summer, a reporter from The Queens Tribune, a weekly newspaper, called Mrs. Parker and told her that the family's life was imitating Pop Art. He also told her that Spider-Man's greatest enemy, the Green Goblin, goes by the alias Norman Osborn, which is almost the same surname as Mrs. Parker's neighbor, Terri Osborne. Mrs. Osborne has lived across the street, at 19 Ingram, since 1979. [PAR] The address of the borough's most famous arachnid, 20 Ingram Street, was listed in the June 1989 and July 1989, issues of ''The Amazing Spider-Man,'' published by Marvel Enterprises. A supervillain named Venom finds a change-of-address form left in Peter Parker's jacket, which lists the address and even its real-life ZIP and area codes. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Time Out New York published an article about the address. Then yesterday, Mrs. Parker and Mrs. Osborne (they are longtime friends, not archenemies) were whisked by limousine into Manhattan to appear on CBS's Early Show. [PAR] Mrs. Parker has not been bitten by a radioactive spider -- the event that transformed Peter Parker into a superhero -- but she does seem to have been transformed by her connection to the film, which set a record with its $115 million opening last weekend on 7,500 screens, which is a lot of screens for an opening. Mrs. Parker has seen the movie and recently bought the ''address'' issues of the comic book from a collector. [PAR] Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. [PAR] Invalid email address. Please re-enter. [PAR] You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. [PAR] Sign Up [PAR] Privacy Policy [PAR] ''We've created two new celebrities,'' said Stan Lee, who created Spider-Man 40 years ago with Steve Ditko. Reached by phone at his Los Angeles office yesterday, Mr. Lee, 79, said that when Spider-Man was created in 1962, he made Peter Parker a Forest Hills resident, but, ''I never pinpointed his address.'' [PAR] Mr. Lee was no longer writing the comic book in 1989, ''So someone else must have created that address,'' he said, adding, ''Spidey would have gotten a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our people | australia.gov.au Our people | australia.gov.au [PAR] Australia.gov.au [PAR] Helping you find government information and services [PAR] Search form [PAR] Australian people [PAR] Australia is one of the most ethnically diverse societies in the world today. [PAR] Almost one in four Australian residents were born outside of Australia and many more are first or second generation Australians, the children and grandchildren of recently arrived migrants and refugees. [PAR] This wide variety of backgrounds, together with the culture of Indigenous Australians who have lived on the Australian continent for more than 50,000 years, have helped create a uniquely Australian identity and spirit. [PAR] Indigenous peoples and cultures [PAR] Before the arrival of British colonisers in 1788, Australia was inhabited by the Indigenous peoples - Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, sometimes referred to as the First Australians. Aboriginal people inhabited the whole of Australia and Torres Strait Islanders lived on the islands between Australia and Papua New Guinea, in what is now called the Torres Strait. [PAR] There were over 500 different clan groups or 'nations' around the continent, many with distinctive cultures, beliefs and languages. [PAR] Today, Indigenous people make up 2.4 per cent of the total Australian population (about 460,000 out of 22 million people). [PAR] The first colony [PAR] New South Wales was settled as a penal colony \u2013 a place where Britain could send convicted criminals because her prisons were overcrowded. Many convicts had grown up in poverty and committed only minor offences, such as the theft of a loaf of bread. Conditions in the new colony were little better than at home \u2013 it took many years for British settlers to understand the different environment of the new colony, and disease and malnutrition were widespread during the first decades of settlement. [PAR] Convicts formed the majority of the colony's population for the first few decades of settlement. Convicts continued being sent to New South Wales until 1823, although as time went by, convicts were increasingly seen as a source of labour to build the colony, rather than just being sent away from Britain as punishment for their crimes. [PAR] Free settlers [PAR] The first wave of migrants to Australia included men of capital who were attracted by the colony's agricultural prospects and the availability of convict labour. Their enthusiasm, together with the Gold Rushes era of the mid-nineteenth century, pushed out the boundaries of the new settlement and by the end of the 1850s there were six separate Australian colonies: [PAR] New South Wales"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles about Scott Mckenzie - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel Articles about Scott Mckenzie - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel [PAR] Strawberry Festival a sweet celebration [PAR] Heather McPherson and FOOD, February 27, 2013 [PAR] What do Florida farmers do when the harvest is over? They throw one heck of a party. The Florida Strawberry Festival starts Thursday with midway rides, daily concerts and lots of berry-themed food on tap through March 10 in downtown Plant City. New food-related elements include the daily Southwest Dairy Farmers Milking Show featuring a milking parlor and educational presentation; a fried-corn-on-the-cob eating contest on Friday; and competitive eaters chowing down on strawberry mashed-potato pie on March 8. Facebook must be tickled with the photo prospects. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Scott McKenzie dies at 73 [PAR] By Dennis McLellan, Los Angeles Times, August 21, 2012 [PAR] Scott McKenzie, whose 1967 hit single \"San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)\" captured the spirit of the '60s flower-power movement and became a generational touchstone, has died. He was 73. McKenzie died Saturday at his home in Silver Lake, said Matt Pook, a longtime friend and neighbor. A statement on McKenzie's website said he had been ill with Guillain Barre syndrome, a disease affecting the nervous system. \"If you're going to San Francisco, be sure to wear some flowers in your hair,\" McKenzie gently sang in his biggest hit, written by his longtime friend, John Phillips of the Mamas & the Papas. [PAR] LIFE/FAMILY [PAR] Ethnic Grocery Guide showcases diversity [PAR] By Heather McPherson, Orlando Sentinel Food Editor, October 4, 2012 [PAR] Our annual Ethnic Grocery Guide is one of my favorite things that we share with you. It reflects the diversity of Central Florida and exemplifies why I think this is a great place for foodies. These markets are scattered throughout Brevard, Lake, Orange, Osceola, Seminole and Volusia counties. We are updating the guide for 2012 and need your help. Have we overlooked one of your favorite places to shop? Do you want to get the word out about your business? Send your tips to me at hmcpherson@tribune.com . Deadline is 5 p.m. Oct. 12. Look for the guide Oct. 17 in Cooking & Eating. [PAR] LOCAL [PAR] - Actress Cybill Shepherd is 42. - Actor John... [PAR] February 18, 1992 [PAR] - Actress Cybill Shepherd is 42. - Actor John Travolta is 38. - WOMX-FM (105.1) morning an nouncer Scott McKenzie is 36. - Singer Yoko Ono is 59. - Sen. John Warner, R-Va., is 65. - Singer Juice Newton is 40. [PAR] LOCAL [PAR] Birthdays [PAR] February 18, 2001 [PAR] Helen Gurley Brown (former Cosmopolitan editor)79 Toni Morrison (author)70 Yoko Ono (singer)68 Herman Santiago (singer, Frankie Lymon and the Teen-agers) 60 Dennis DeYoung (singer, Styx)54 Cybill Shepherd (actress)51 Randy Crawford (singer)49 Robbie Bachman (rock musician) 48 John Travolta (actor)47 Scott McKenzie (WOMX-FM (105.1) morning-show co-host)45 Vanna White (game-show host)44 Matt Dillon (actor)37 Dr. Dre (rapper)36 Molly Ringwald (actress)33 Tyrone Dorzell Burton (actor) [PAR] LOCAL [PAR] Happy Birthday [PAR] February 18, 2000 [PAR] Songwriter-musician Pee Wee King is 86. Actor Jack Palance is 79. Former Cosmopolitan editor Helen Gurley Brown is 78. Actor George Kennedy is 75. Author Toni Morrison is 69. Movie director Milos Forman (Man on the Moon) is 68. Singer Yoko Ono is 67. Singer Irma Thomas is 59. Actress Sinead Cusack is 52. Producer-director-writer John Hughes is 50. Actress Cybill Shepherd is 50. Singer Juice Newton is 48. Scott McKenzie, morning show co-host at WOMX-FM (105.1), is 44. Game-show host Vanna White is 43. Actress Greta Scacchi is 40. Actor Matt Dillon is 36. Rapper Dr."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Collins (surname), English-language ... Learn and talk about Collins (surname), English-language surnames, Surnames, Surnames of Anglo-Saxon origin, Surnames of Irish origin [PAR] Twitter [PAR] The surname Collins has a variety of likely origins in Britain and Ireland: [PAR] Anglo-Saxon : A patronymic surname based on the name Colin, an English diminutive form of Nicholas. In England, Collins usually signified \"son of Colin.\" [PAR] Irish : \"cuilein\" = darling, a term of endearment applied to a whelp or young animal. The medieval surname was Ua Cuil\u00e9in, which has usually become \u00d3 Coile\u00e1in today. [PAR] Welsh : Collen = hazel, hazel grove. [PAR] Alternative spellings or related surnames include Collin, Colling, Coling, Collings, Colings, Collis, Coliss, Collen, and Collens. [1] A great number of Welsh origin surnames share a similar etymology to English ones - Where in English names the forename of the patriarch is suffixed with 'SON' (as in Peterson, Richardson, Johnson) in Welsh names the 'SON' is simply the letter \"S\" (Phillips, Davies, Davis, Williams) and Collins may have been one of the surnames to have originated in this way. [PAR] The Domesday Book (compiled in 1086) was the first to document names in England and Wales and at this time only the upper classes were literate. During the time between this and the first census of 1801 names continually changed due to the illiterate nature of the British population. Indeed, the need to be able to complete such documents may be a key factor in the change to fixed spellings. [PAR] The earliest documented evidence of the name in England dates back as far as the twelfth and thirteenth centuries where several instances have been recorded. One Colinus de Andresia appears in the pipe rolls of Berkshire in 1191, while a Colinus is mentioned in Hartopp's Register of the Freeman of Leicester recorded in 1196. The name Colinc is also mentioned several times in the Domesday Book . The personal name Colin from which the surname derives has an even older history; Ceawlin , the king of the West Saxons, Caelin , a brother of St Chad , and the early Welsh saint, Kollen, all have names related to Colin. In Ireland, Collins is a genuinely indigenous Irish name; in fact, it is one of the most numerous surnames, ranked number 30. [2] [PAR] Contents :[DOC] [TLE] Born On The Same Day | People born on exactly the same day ... Born On The Same Day | People born on exactly the same day (but they're not twins). | Page 8 [PAR] Born On The Same Day [PAR] Posted on January 1, 2012 by Born On The Same Day [PAR] Sergei Avdeyev [PAR] Sergei Avdeyev (\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0432\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432, born 1 January 1956) is a Russian engineer and cosmonaut. Avdeyev at one point held the record for cumulative time spent in space with 747.59 days in earth orbit, accumulated through three tours of duty aboard the Mir Space Station. He has orbited the earth 11,968 times traveling about 515,000,000 kilometers. Avdeyev holds the current record for time dilation experienced by a human being. In his 747 days aboard Mir, cumulative across three missions, he went approximately 27,360 km/h and thus aged roughly 0.02 seconds (20 milliseconds) less than an Earthbound person would have, which is considerably more than any other human being. [PAR] Eleanor David [PAR] Eleanor David (born 1 January 1956, Lincolnshire, England) is an English actress. She has appeared in several films and television programs including Pink Floyd The Wall directed by Alan Parker, Comfort and Joy directed by Bill Forsyth, Paradise"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Avatars of the Gods : The Animals of Ancient Egypt Avatars of the Gods: The Animals of Ancient Egypt [PAR] Avatars of the Gods: The Animals of Ancient Egypt [PAR] Updated: November 26, 2012 [PAR] [PAR] Animals have always been around in Egypt, however whilst some will be familiar to modern Egyptian people, other species have become extinct or moved further south, deeper into Africa. Both domesticated, such as cattle, cats and dogs, and wild animals, such as lions and hyenas, abounded in ancient Egyptian times. Animals were worshipped, feared and loved. This relationship even carried on in the underworld after death, as certain animals were mummified, including family pets as well as certain species sacred to the gods . Mummified remains, animal-related hieroglyphs, and detailed paintings, reliefs and sculptures of the animals of ancient Egypt clearly show the animals that were not only well known, but also very important, to the peoples of Egypt ever since predynastic times. [PAR] Since the domestication of animals in the Neolithic Period, the ancient Egyptians' relationship to animals has taken several forms. The most significant domesticates were cattle. Their energy was harnessed, they were used to work the land, as food, and a source of raw materials. Some animals, such as gazelles and birds were less useful, but had a more intimate relationship with their owners and were kept as pets. Animals also had a cultic function: they were worshipped as manifestations of gods. [PAR] -- Salima Ikram & Mamdouh Eldamaty (2006), Bloved Beasts: Animal Mummies from Ancient Egypt, p. 5 [PAR] Birds [PAR] Along the Nile, some of the multitude of bird-life included the falcon, kite, goose, crane, heron, plover, pigeon, ibis, vulture and owl. It is possible that chickens were introduced during the New Kingdom from Africa. [PAR] Sacred to Horus, the falcon (or hawk) was thought to be the guardian of the ruler, and is frequently found as spreading its wings protectively behind the head of the pharaoh. At Saqqara during the Late Period, there was a catacomb build for mummified falcons. These birds, though, were shown to be of different types of birds of prey, not just the falcon. To the Egyptians, the Horus-falcon may have been regarded as interchangeable with a whole range of different birds of prey. [PAR] The ibis, sacred birth of Thoth , was relatively common throughout Egypt until the 19th Century, but now has almost disappeared. Sacred ibises were mummified during the Late Period and Ptolemaic times, and buried in large numbers in different catacombs through Egypt. There were three types of ibis in Egypt - the sacred ibis, the hermit ibis and the glossy ibis. The hermit ibis is not a waterside bird, so it is depicted less frequently than the other two birds that were common along the banks of the Nile. [PAR] The vulture was the manifestation of Nekhbet and Mut , who were depicted as the bird with their wings outstretched on the ceilings of temples as protection, or sitting on the ground in a symbol associated with kingship. The two main types of vulture depicted were the griffon vulture and the so-called Egyptian vulture. It was the griffon vulture that was usually related to the goddesses and to royalty. [PAR] Fish [PAR] In Ancient Egypt, the fish had both sacred and scorned species. Some were sacred in some places and not allowed to be eaten, whereas in other places, anyone could eat the fish. Some of the fish in Egypt included the carp, perch and catfish. [PAR] The goddess Hatmehit from the Delta city of Per-banebdjedet (Mendes),"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many points are the snooker balls worth? | Reference.com How many points are the snooker balls worth? | Reference.com [PAR] How many points are the snooker balls worth? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Each color ball in snooker is worth a different number of points with the highest value ball being the black ball, which is worth seven points. The red ball is worth one point, yellow is worth two points, green is worth three points, brown is worth four points, blue is worth five points and pink is worth six points. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] In the game of snooker the red balls must be hit into a pocket first. Once a red ball has been potted, the player has the opportunity to try and pot a colored ball of their choice. If they are successful, they can then pot another red ball followed by another color. Once all the red balls are potted in the pockets, the players must then try and pot the colored balls in order of their value, from lowest to highest."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Custer's Last Stand Custer's Last Stand [PAR] Custer's Last Stand [PAR] June 25, 1876 [PAR] What do you know about the Battle of Little Big Horn? You might know the story better as Custer's Last Stand. [PAR] On the morning of June 25, 1876, Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry charged into battle against Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne Indians. Custer's orders were to wait for reinforcements at the mouth of the Little Big Horn River before attacking the Indians, but Chief Sitting Bull had been spotted nearby, and Custer was impatient to attack. [PAR] A treaty had given the Sioux exclusive rights to the Black Hills, but when gold was later discovered in the area, white miners flocked to the territory. Despite the treaty, the U.S. government ordered the Indians away from the invading settlers and back to their reservations. [PAR] page 1 of 3[DOC] [TLE] Battle of the Little Bighorn - Native American History ... Battle of the Little Bighorn - Native American History - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn [PAR] Author [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn [PAR] URL [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Battle of the Little Bighorn, fought on June 25, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839-76) against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Tensions between the two groups had been rising since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. When a number of tribes missed a federal deadline to move to reservations, the U.S. Army, including Custer and his 7th Calvary, was dispatched to confront them. Custer was unaware of the number of Indians fighting under the command of Sitting Bull (c.1831-90) at Little Bighorn, and his forces were outnumbered and quickly overwhelmed in what became known as Custer\u2019s Last Stand. [PAR] Google [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn: Mounting Tensions [PAR] Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (c.1840-77), leaders of the Sioux on the Great Plains, strongly resisted the mid-19th-century efforts of the U.S. government to confine their people to reservations. In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota\u2019s Black Hills, the U.S. Army ignored previous treaty agreements and invaded the region. This betrayal led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations and join Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana . By the late spring of 1876, more than 10,000 Native Americans had gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River\u2013which they called the Greasy Grass\u2013in defiance of a U.S. War Department order to return to their reservations or risk being attacked. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Several members ofGeorge Armstrong Custer's family were alsokilled at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, including two of his brothers, his brother-in-law and a nephew. [PAR] In mid-June, three columns of U.S. soldiers lined up against the camp and prepared to march. A force of 1,200 Native Americans turned back the first column on June 17. Five days later, General Alfred Terry ordered George Custer\u2019s 7th Cavalry to scout ahead for enemy troops. On the morning of June 25, Custer drew near the camp and decided to press on ahead rather than wait for reinforcements. [PAR] Battle of the Little Bighorn: Custer\u2019s Last Stand [PAR] At mid-day on June 25, Custer\u2019s 600 men entered the Little Bighorn Valley. Among the Native Americans, word quickly spread of the impending attack. The older Sitting Bull rallied the warriors and saw to the safety of the women and children, while Crazy Horse set"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] shark - definition of shark in English from the Oxford ... shark - definition of shark in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] shark [PAR] 1A person who unscrupulously exploits or swindles others: [PAR] \u2018property sharks want to develop 200 acres around the site\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018She is solid, dependable and middle-class - up against corrupt corporate sharks.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018His latest is an ensemble piece, set in an undeveloped beach front community in Florida, where the old ways are beginning to atrophy, as property sharks circle.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018In water-starved Bangalore, lakes on its outskirts are not just neglected but turn prime property for land sharks.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Deals of all sorts will be cut before this election ends here in the home of the sharps and sharks who have been cutting all sorts of deals for more than a century.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018It is a scentless, unappealing botanical fraud sold by sharks to suckers.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Their biggest fear now are the sharks of overhype.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A simple fraud statute seemed like a good way to swat down small-time sharks and keep the field open for themselves.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018People in York mostly think that estate agents are a rip-off, greedy, corrupt, or that they are cowboys or sharks.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018But is there an alternative to calling in the sharks when people steal your stuff?\u2019 [PAR] \u2018They are the cyber-era equivalents of highwaymen, sharks, cheesy protection racketeers.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018I wish the money-hungry media sharks all too eager to exploit and enforce stereotypes to fill up their wallets would see that.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018But while property sharks may be kicking up their heels, small-time Plateau landowners and their tenants are bearing the brunt.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Some of these treasure-seekers have been conned, not paid by the city sharks for years.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Scott is the Roger Dodger of the film's title, a shark, a venomous, unpleasant, conniving, self-consciously chauvinistic pig.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The forwards, ie, the sharks of the political underworld are opportunists but each with a different strength.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Welcome though this urban regeneration will be, now is probably your last chance to spot a kingfisher down by Bow Bridge, before the property sharks move in.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018As a result of corruption, usually big sharks escape and poor retailers get punished.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018At the same time I had sharks, parasites and con artists turning up, all trying to get a piece of the action.\u2019 [PAR] 2US An expert in a specified field: [PAR] \u2018a pool shark\u2019 [PAR] More example sentences [PAR] \u2018Even more interesting is the workarounds that user communities often find to do what they want to do, whether hardware makers or content sharks want them to or not.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A few unsavory types hung at the far end of the long dark bar, and a couple of sharks were playing pool in the side room.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018He examines a rack of bars like a pool shark choosing a new cue.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018I have seen him, at the card table, con enormous sums out of experienced game sharks.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018He became a \u2018fence\u2019 for stolen goods, a pool shark, and a hustler on the midway.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A pool shark can hit a ball with a cue and predict with relative certainty where a whole bunch of balls will go on the table.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018He has sprinter's speed, a card shark's confidence and playmaker's knack for action.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Karaoke in a place like this fits right in next to the dudes watching the game on the tube and the pool sharks getting busy upstairs.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018If you can work in scoring with the pool"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Finland\u2019s wonderful wildlife \u2014 VisitFinland.com Finland\u2019s wonderful wildlife \u2014 VisitFinland.com [PAR] Finland\u2019s wonderful wildlife [PAR] Finland\u2019s wonderful wildlife [PAR] Finland is a country of vast green forests, beautiful Baltic islands, windswept arctic fells and countless blue lakes (though someone claims to have counted 187,888!) [PAR] These pristine and picturesque landscapes provide habitat for many wild animals and birds including magnificent bears, wolves, lynx, eagles, cranes and swans, as well as the world\u2019s rarest seal. Birdwatchers flock to Finland to find species that are hard to spot anywhere else in Europe. Keen wildlife photographers also come here to enjoy excursions and facilities that enable them to get spectacular shots of our amazing animals in their natural wild settings. Great places to watch out for these creatures include Finland\u2019s 37 national parks, which are freely open to everyone all year round. Our wildlife gallery spotlights some of Finland\u2019s most iconic animals and birds. [PAR] About Finland [PAR] Full of interesting contrasts, such as the four seasons, the Midnight Sun and winter darkness, urban and rural, East and West. [PAR] About Finland [PAR] Lynx [PAR] These beautiful big cats have become more common in Finland\u2019s forests in recent years, though they are hard to spot, as their excellent senses of sight, smell and hearing enable them to keep well away from humans. [PAR] Whooper swan (Laulujoutsen) [PAR] The graceful white whooper swan is Finland\u2019s national bird. Flocks of swans and cranes returning from their southerly wintering areas are welcomed by Finnish nature-lovers as heralding the long-awaited arrival of the spring. [PAR] Saimaa ringed seal [PAR] These rare inland seals have adapted to their freshwater home since they were cut off from the sea in Lake Saimaa \u2013 Finland\u2019s largest lake \u2013 after the Ice Age. They are found only in Lake Saimaa. Thanks to conservation measures their numbers have recently risen to over 300, but they are still seriously endangered. [PAR] Great grey owl (Lapin p\u00f6ll\u00f6) [PAR] The concentric rings around the eyes of these huge northern owls make them look perpetually surprised. Great grey owls can get quite aggressive if anyone approaches their nest or their young owlets. [PAR] Wolf [PAR] Who\u2019s afraid of the big bad wolf? There\u2019s no need to fear an unexpected encounter with a wolf when walking in a Finnish forest, as wolves are scarce and do their best to avoid people. The best way to see a wild wolf is to take one of the specially organised overnight wildlife-watching excursions in Finland\u2019s eastern borderlands where wolves are most numerous. [PAR] Bear [PAR] Finland is home to more than 1,500 bears, though they are only seldom seen, since they are shy of people. Several wildlife tour operators run excursions out into the forests of Eastern Finland where you can stay overnight in a hide and watch and photograph wild bears who come to feed on fishy or meaty scraps put out to attract them. [PAR] Wolverine [PAR] Also known as gluttons, wolverines are hardy arctic animals that look like small elongated bears, though in fact they are more closely related to Finland\u2019s pine martens, otters and badgers. Wolverine-watching trips are organised in Eastern Finland. [PAR] Siberian jay (Kuukkeli) [PAR] Siberian jays are sociable birds found in Lapland and other northerly regions. They often appear to scrounge tasty tidbits when they notice that hikers or skiers have stopped for a picnic. [PAR] Ermine [PAR] This ermine is well camouflaged in the snow in its white winter coat. Several Finnish forest animals shed their summer coats in the autumn and turn white for the winter. Snow-covered forests may"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Answer to Puzzle #27: Number of Squares on a Chessboard Answer to Puzzle #27: Number of Squares on a Chessboard [PAR] total [PAR] 204 [PAR] In total there are 204 squares on a chessboard. This is the sum of the number of possible positions for all the squares of size 1x1 to 8x8. [PAR] Formula For n x n Chessboard? [PAR] It's clear from the analysis above that the solution in the case of n x n is the sum of the squares from n2 to 12 that is to say n2 + (n-1)2 + (n-2)2 ... ... 22 + 12 [PAR] Mathematically that is written as follows: [PAR] The proof of the explicit solution is beyond the scope of this site, but if you want to look it up a mathematician would refer to it as 'the sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers.' The final answer is given by [PAR] n3/3 + n2/2 + n/6 [PAR] Can you extend your technique to calculate the number of rectangles on a chessboard? [PAR] Below are some examples of possible rectangles... [PAR] All of the above examples would be vailid rectanges... [PAR] There is more than one way of solving this. But it makes sense to extend our technique from the squares problem first. The key to this is to think of each rectangle individually and consider the number of positions it can be located. For example a 3x7 rectangle can be located in 6 positions horizontally and 2 vertically. From this we can build a matrix of all the possible rectangles and sum. [PAR] Dimensions [PAR] In total then there are 1296 possible rectangles. [PAR] Elegant approach to rectangles, consider the vertices and diagonals. [PAR] I've been sent an innovative solution to the problem of the number of rectangles on a chessboard by Kalpit Dixit. This solution tackles the issue from a different approach. Rather than looking at specific sizes of rectangles and working out where they can be located we start at the other end and look at locations first. [PAR] The vertices are the intersections. For our chessboard there are 81 (9 x 9). A diagonal starting at one vertex and ending at another will uniquely describe a rectangle. In order to be a diagonal and not a vertical or horizontal line we may start anywhere but the end point must not have the same vertical or horizontal coordinate. As such there are 64 (8 x 8) possible end points. [PAR] There are therefore 81 x 64 = 5184 acceptable diagonals. [PAR] However, whilst each diagonal describes a unique rectangle, each rectangle does not describe a unique diagonal. [PAR] We see trivially that each rectangle can be represented by 4 diagonals. [PAR] So our number of rectangles is given by 81 x 64 /4 = 1296 [PAR] n x n or n x m? [PAR] The n x n (eg. 9x9,) or n x m (eg 10x15,) problems can now be calculated. The number of vertices being given by (n + 1)2 and (n + 1).(m + 1) respectively. Hence the final solutions are as follows. [PAR] n x n: (n + 1)2 x n2 / 4 [PAR] n x m: (n + 1) x (m + 1) x (n x m) / 4 [PAR] Which can obviously be arranged into something more complicated. [PAR] Rectangles in Maths Nomenclature [PAR] It's always my intention to explain the problems without formal maths nomenclature, with reasoning and common sense. But there is quite a neat solution here if you do know about combinations, as in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 4 Types of Human Teeth - mouth and teeth Types of Teeth - Human Teeth [PAR] Types of Teeth - Human Teeth [PAR] The 4 Types of Human Teeth [PAR] Humans, same as the rest of the mammals, are heterodont animals, meaning that they have several different forms of teeth. Human teeth differentiate in shape, while more primitive animals are homodont and all their teeth have the same shape possibly differing only on size. [PAR] Permanent human teeth come in four different types: incisors , canines , premolars , and molars . [PAR] Types of teeth [PAR] Human teeth belong to four distinct types each having a typical appearance and performing a certain function. The shape and morphology of each human tooth type depends on the function that it is assigned to perform. [PAR] As a species, humans are omnivorous eating both meats and plants, so they need different types of teeth to handle both types of food. Generally, carnivorous animals need sharp teeth to pierce and tear meat, while herbivorous animals need flat teeth to crush and grind plants. Humans, as omnivorous, must have at least these 2 types of teeth. [PAR] Through evolution humans have developed 4 different main teeth types: [PAR] 1. Incisors [PAR] Incisors (Cutting teeth) are the teeth at the center of the dental arch. There are eight incisors in total in the permanent (and primary) dentition, two on either side (left and right) in the upper and lower jaw. The middle four of them (one at each quadrant) are called central incisors, while the other four next to them are named lateral incisors. [PAR] Incisors are flat and board, shaped like a shovel with a narrow straight cutting edge that enables them to cut food. The main functions of an incisor in the mastication process are biting, cutting of food into chewable pieces and moving it inwards the mouth. [PAR] All eight incisors have a single root and almost the same shape, but their size may differ slightly with the upper incisors usually larger, and especially the central ones. [PAR] 2. Canines (cuspids) [PAR] Canines (also called eye teeth or cuspids) are the teeth located next to the incisors towards the edge of the mouth. There are 4 canines in both primary and permanent human dentitions, one at each quadrant of the mouth. They are the third teeth from the center. [PAR] They have a sharp pointed edge that is used to rip and tear tough foods such as meat. In humans canine teeth have the same height as the rest of the teeth but in other animals they are longer and used to bite and kill prey. Canines have a single but long root that can reach up to 3 cm providing the stability required for their function. They are the longest and most stable human teeth. [PAR] 3. Premolars (bicuspids) [PAR] Premolars (also called bicuspids) are the teeth located after the canines towards the back of the mouth. There are eight premolars in the permanent dentition, two on either side (left and right) in the upper and lower jaw. The front four of them (one at each quadrant) are called first premolars, while the other four on the back are called second premolars. The premolars are the fourth and fifth teeth from the midline. Premolars are only present in the permanent dentition; there are no premolars in the primary human dentition. When they erupt, they replace the primary molars. [PAR] The morphology of premolars is a combination between canines and molars. They are also known as bicuspids, because usually"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biathlon History and Description Biathlon History and Description [PAR] Description and history of Biathlon - how the sport evolved... [PAR] This page was last updated23 July 2003 - Under construction [PAR] What is Biathlon: [PAR] Biathlon is a Winter Olympic Sport which combines cross country skiing with precision target shooting. There is also a warm weather variant called Summer Biathlon which replaces skiing with running. In a typical Winter race, a Biathlete is required to ski with his or her rifle over a set distance to a shooting range, where five shots at five knockdown targets 50 m down range are taken from prone position. Depending on the format, either a time penalty or penalty laps are assessed for missed shots. The racer then skiis another loop, and comes back to the shooting range for another set of shots - this time from a standing stance. Again penalties are assessed for missed shots. The biathlete then skiis a final loop to complete the race. A more complete description of the various race formats may be found here . [PAR] Though a seemingly unlikely combination of events - one is an aerobic activity which requires strength, speed, and endurance; the other is a passive activity which requires concentration and a steady hand (difficult after you've been skiing all out!), the biathlon concept evolved from two activities which have a long history - hunting and winter warfare. [PAR] 1994 Olympic Postcard [PAR] Hunting Origins [PAR] Rock paintings depicting hunters with bow and arrow moving on sliding timber have been found near Roedoey, Norway which date back to the Neolithic age (about 3000 BC). However, the first written descriptions of hunting on skiis come from Roman, Greek, and Chinese historical writings. These include such well known authors as the Roman poet Virgil, who described hunting on skiis in 400 BC. [PAR] Russo-Finnish War [PAR] Winter Warfare [PAR] Historical descriptions of warriors on skiis also date back to before Christ, and include writings from Xenophon, Strabol, Arrian, Teophanes, Prokopius, and Acruni. Traditional military patrol races came into being in the Middle Ages. Skiing regiments were active in Scandinavia and Russia in the 1500's, and by the end of the 19th century, Germany, Austria and Switzerland also had soldiers on skiis. [PAR] European Competition [PAR] Evolution of Modern Competition [PAR] The first organized competitions that would be recognizable as Biathlon took place in Norway in 1776. These were team events that combined shooting skill with skiing. Competitions were held at regular intervals betwen 1792 and 1818. Around 1912, again in Norway, the team competition was joined by an individual format race during which ten rounds were fired in two shooting bouts. In the rest of Europe, Germany's first military patrol races were held in 1902. [PAR] The first Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix, France included a military ski patrol race as a demonstration sport, and it was included as a demonstration sport again in 1928, 1936 and 1948. It was not until the 44th session of the International Olympic Committee in Rome in 1949 however that a proposal by Sweden to include a combination of cross-country skiing and shooting as an individual competition open to civilian competitors was accepted . [PAR] The first time the word Biathlon shows up is in the rules of 1955. Before that the event was called a \"Patrol Race\". The Union International de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) integrated Biathlon as another sport in 1957. The first Biathlon World Championships were held in Saalfelden, Austria in 1958. Only 25 athletes from seven countries started in that first 20 km race."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Channel Islands - web.raex.com The Channel Islands [PAR] The Channel Islands [PAR] A group of small islands off the coast of France, long in the possession of England and Great Britain, which form a cultural bridge between England and Norman France. [PAR] Minor uninhabited islets and rocks: [PAR] Burhou, Les Casquets, Les Dirouilles (Les Dithou\u00efl'yes), Ortac, Pierres de Lecq. [PAR] CHANNEL ISLANDS A scattered archipelago of small islands off the coast of northern France - Normandy lies immediately to the east, and Brittany is to the southwest. This article considers the group as a whole, while subsequent articles treat each island individually. [PAR] To Gallic tribes (probably the Venelli or Veneti) ? -c. 54 BCE [PAR] Unknown chronology c. 54 BCE-56 CE [PAR] To the Roman Empire.............................56-395 [PAR] To the Western Roman Empire....................395-461 [PAR] To the Domain of Soissons (Kingdom of Syagrius) 461-486 [PAR] Unknown (possibly to Domnonee or Brittany) 486-511 [PAR] To Neustria 511- ? [PAR] Hastein (Norse invader, also in Brittany) 866-870's [PAR] To Brittany, with frequent Norse incursions and settlement 890-933 [PAR] To Normandy (/England from 1066)...............933-1204 [PAR] To France.....................................1204-1259 [PAR] To Germany....................................1940-1944 [PAR] To Great Britain..............................1944- [PAR] ALDERNEY (Aurigny) Northernmost of the Channel Islands, about 12 miles (20 km.) off the northwestern tip of the Cotentin Peninsula in France. Variously occupied since prehistoric times, the tiny island was a feudal holding until the 19th century. It is now within the Bailiwick of Guernsey, although it retains considerable local autonomy. [PAR] To Normandy....................................933-1204 [PAR] Raoul Eudes (Guardian of Alder.).........1290-early 1300's [PAR] ? [PAR] Robert de Turberville (Marshal of Ald.)..1546-mid 1500's [PAR] Lords of Alderney [PAR] Robert I (Earl of Essex).........late 16th c.-1601 [PAR] Robert II (Earl of Essex)................1601-1646 [PAR] To England directly......................1646-1660 [PAR] ANDROS [PAR] Edmund...................................1683-1714 [PAR] Governor of New York 1674-1681, 1688, Bailiff of Guernsey 1674-1714; Gov. of New England 1686-1691, of Virginia 1692-1698, and of Maryland 1693-1694. [PAR] George III....................................1714 [PAR] Within the Bailiwick of Guernsey.........1825-1940 [PAR] To Germany....................................1940-1945 [PAR] To Great Britain (within Guernsey)............1945- [PAR] BRECHOU A small islet just off the western shore of Sark, in the vicinity of Guernsey and associated with that Bailiwick. [PAR] To England / Great Britain....................1066-1945 [PAR] ? [PAR] Sir David Barclay........................1993- [PAR] The \u00c9CR\u00c9HOUS (Les \u00c9cr\u00e9hous, \u00cacr\u00e9ho) A group of tiny islets and rocks located 6 miles (10\u00bd km.) northeast of Jersey and some 8 miles (13 km.) off the coast of France - many of the rocks are underwater at high tide; the archipelago was considerably larger in early times, but has been slowly washing away. They are not under permanent settlement at this time, but are visited frequently by tourists, fishermen, and others - La Ma\u00eetr'\u00cele has a ruined abbey. In former times they were often the site of smuggling rendezvous. [PAR] To Normandy....................................933-1204 [PAR] Occupied by France.....................5-7 January 1781 [PAR] To Great Britain..............................1781-1940 [PAR] Philippe Pinel...........................1848-1898 [PAR] Pinel assumed the style of \"king of the \u00c9cr\u00e9hous\" while he resided here (on the islet of Bliantch'\u00cele), going so far as to exchange greetings and gifts with Queen Victoria. [PAR] Occupied by Germany...........................1940-1945 [PAR] To Great Britain..............................1945- [PAR] Alphonse Le Gastelois..............fl. 1960's/70's [PAR] Le Gastelois, a resident of Jersey, found refuge in these islets when he came under suspicion of being a notorious sex criminal in his home island - entirely untrue, as it turned out. While he resided here, he too referred to himself as \"king of the \u00c9cr\u00e9hous\". [PAR] These rocks have been a source of a certain level of tension between Great Britain and France for a great many years. In the Twentieth Century, Great Britain indicated that it wanted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of ... Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of Stroke | The Huffington Post [PAR] Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of Stroke [PAR] 04/08/2013 07:54 am ET | Updated Jun 08, 2013 [PAR] 12k [PAR] AP/The Huffington Post [PAR] The Associated Press reports that former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher has died of a stroke. The news was confirmed by her spokesman Lord Bell. [PAR] \"It is with great sadness that Mark and Carol Thatcher announced that their mother Baroness Thatcher died peacefully following a stroke this morning,\" Lord Tim Bell said , according to Reuters. [PAR] More from the Associated Press: [PAR] LONDON _ Love her or loathe her, one thing's beyond dispute: Margaret Thatcher transformed Britain. [PAR] The Iron Lady who ruled for 11 remarkable years imposed her will on a fractious, rundown nation _ breaking the unions, triumphing in a far-off war, and selling off state industries at a record pace. She left behind a leaner government and more prosperous nation by the time a mutiny ousted her from No. 10 Downing Street. [PAR] Thatcher\u2019s former spokesman, Tim Bell, said that the former prime minister had died Monday morning of a stroke. She was 87. [PAR] For admirers, Thatcher was a savior who rescued Britain from ruin and laid the groundwork for an extraordinary economic renaissance. For critics, she was a heartless tyrant who ushered in an era of greed that kicked the weak out onto the streets and let the rich become filthy rich. [PAR] \"Let us not kid ourselves, she was a very divisive figure,\" said Bernard Ingham, Thatcher's press secretary for her entire term. \"She was a real toughie. She was a patriot with a great love for this country, and she raised the standing of Britain abroad.\" [PAR] Thatcher was the first _ and still only _ female prime minister in Britain's history. But she often found feminists tiresome and was not above using her handbag as a prop to underline her swagger and power. A grocer's daughter, she rose to the top of Britain's snobbish hierarchy the hard way, and envisioned a classless society that rewarded hard work and determination. [PAR] She was a trailblazer who at first believed trailblazing impossible: Thatcher told the Liverpool Daily Post in 1974 that she did not think a woman would serve as party leader or prime minister during her lifetime. [PAR] But once in power, she never showed an ounce of doubt. [PAR] Thatcher could be intimidating to those working for her: [PAR] British diplomats sighed with relief on her first official visit to Washington D.C. as prime minister to find that she was relaxed enough to enjoy a glass of whiskey and a half-glass of wine during an embassy lunch, according to official documents. [PAR] Like her close friend and political ally Ronald Reagan, Thatcher seemed motivated by an unshakable belief that free markets would build a better country than reliance on a strong, central government. Another thing she shared with the American president: a tendency to reduce problems to their basics, choose a path, and follow it to the end, no matter what the opposition. [PAR] She formed a deep attachment to the man she called \"Ronnie\" _ some spoke of it as a schoolgirl crush. Still, she would not back down when she disagreed with him on important matters, even though the United States was the richer and vastly stronger partner in the so-called \"special relationship.\" [PAR] Thatcher was at her brashest when Britain was challenged. When"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Are The Best Automotive Lights? How Headlights, Tail ... What Are The Best Automotive Lights? How Headlights, Tail Lights & Fog Lights Work - Style Benefits & Install Tips [PAR] Lights Glossary [PAR] Other than your brakes, no other safety feature on your vehicle is as important as your lights. Without them, everyone's drive time would be limited to the brief period between sunrise and sunset. Workers wouldn't be able to get home in the evenings, semis would take a month to haul their load cross country, and drive-in movie theaters across the nation would be forced to close their doors. [PAR] Why Should I Upgrade My Automotive Lighting? [PAR] Other than your brakes, no other safety feature on your vehicle is as important as your lights . Without them, everyone's drive time would be limited to the brief period between sunrise and sunset. Workers wouldn't be able to get home in the evenings, semis would take a month to haul their load cross country, and drive-in movie theaters across the nation would be forced to close their doors. [PAR] A quality set of lights gives all of us the freedom of movement to venture out onto the road no matter what the driving conditions are. Moonless nights, foggy mornings, or stormy afternoons are no match for an arsenal of bright lights safely guiding you to your destination. Besides improving the safety of your vehicle, automotive lights give you the chance to redesign its overall look by adding new lights or altering the style and color of your existing ones. [PAR] Upgrading your automotive lighting lets you: [PAR] Revamp your stock lighting system to reflect your own personal sense of style [PAR] Add auxiliary lights to enhance your visibility for just about any driving condition [PAR] Mount a heavy-duty set of protected off-road lights for your outdoor adventures [PAR] The Basics of Revamping your Stock Lights [PAR] Let's face it: most stock lighting systems are about as visually appealing as an old brick. What's worse, this lack of design flare is an epidemic in almost the entire automotive industry. New cars, trucks and SUVs may have imaginatively shaped bodies, but their lights are usually just bland rehashes of old styles. Of course, you have the power to break free from this boring OEM world. Add an edge of excitement and a personal touch to your vehicle's attitude by upgrading your factory-installed lights. We make it easy to brightening up your front with a slick set of headlights or to outfit your rear with the hottest European-inspired tail lights . [PAR] An Overview of Auxiliary Lights [PAR] Certain driving situations call for special lights. When you're feeling your way through a dense patch of fog or a nasty blizzard, your low beams and high beams can actually make your visibility worse. Even on clear, star-filled nights, your headlights might not have enough juice to completely illuminate the unknown road ahead. AutoAnything has plenty of auxiliary lights, such as fog lights and driving lights , to add safety and style to your vehicle. [PAR] An Introduction to Off-Road Lights [PAR] When you're slogging across rocky badlands, shredding down the face of sand dunes or heading out on a wild camping expedition, you need all the light you can get. Not enough lighting could mean the difference between getting home safely or being stuck in a ditch with a snapped axle and dwindling food rations. Before you hit the dusty trails, equip your rig with a powerful set of off-road lights. They're specially designed to withstand harsh environments. Take a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Balmoral Castle on Pinterest | Castle Interiors, Castle ... 1000+ images about Balmoral Castle on Pinterest | Castle interiors, Castle scotland and Queen victoria [PAR] Birkhall at the Balmoral Estate in Scotland. It is the private home of Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay when in Scotland. (The Prince and Princess of Wales) [PAR] See More"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English Channel Map, English Channel Location Facts, Major ... English Channel Map, English Channel Location Facts, Major Bodies of Water, England - World Atlas [PAR] other bodies of water [PAR] Some 10,000 years ago as the last Ice Age melted away, new bodies of water formed including the English Channel and Irish Sea , Great Britain and Ireland were now islands and both would eventually benefit from that process. [PAR] The Roman Legions (40,000 strong) crossed the dangerous English Channel in 43 AD. Literally undefended, the Romans named this wild new province, Britannia, and for some 350 years they controlled and influenced it, until their own Empire collapsed upon itself in 410 AD. [PAR] Though many invasion attempts occurred via the channel over the centuries (some successful, some not) in modern times the English Channel has helped Britain and Ireland defend themselves from outside invaders, namely the German Army during World War II. [PAR] The English Channel is a part of the Atlantic Ocean , and it separates the island of Britain (part of the UK ) from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean . It is today one of the busiest shipping lanes on the planet. It's approximately 350 miles long, and at its narrowest in the Strait of Dover. It's somewhat shallow, with an average depth of less than 50 meters between Dover and Calais. [PAR] Completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel, a 31-mile long rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover, connects France and England"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Apprentice (UK series one) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Apprentice (UK series one) : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] Fired [PAR] Resigned [PAR] Series One of The Apprentice television programme was broadcast in the UK from 16 February to 11 May in 2005. The format of the UK version was very similar to that of the US original . The format was licensed by RTL Group and the programme produced for the BBC by RTL's Talkback Thames division. It was shown on BBC Two on Wednesday evenings over twelve weekly episodes. The winner was to become an apprentice to Sir Alan Sugar . [PAR] The winner was Timothy Campbell , previously a transport manager at London Underground , who beat Saira Khan in the final. Sir Alan said that he chose Tim as the winner because of his likeness to his East End self. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Reward: A trip to the London Eye . [PAR] Brought into the boardroom: Saira, Adenike and Miranda. [PAR] Who gets fired: Adenike, for undermining the project manager and her strategy. [PAR] Week 2 [PAR] Project managers: Lindsay (First Forte) and Raj (Impact). [PAR] Task: Create and design a new toy for a toy company; the team deemed to have created the best concept wins. [PAR] Result: Impact came up with an idea for an electronic trading card game named \"Switchbase\", while First Forte could not decide between a card semaphore system called \"Secret Signals\" and a robot (a third idea, a set of electrical plugs that would produce different sounds depending on which order they were plugged into a mains socket, was vetoed early on by the toy company since it would not have met safety regulations). A focus group of Brownies and Cub Scouts came out in favour of the latter, as well as the majority of team members, however project manager Lindsay opted to take a risk with \"Secret Signals\". [PAR] Winner: Impact. [PAR] Reward: Clay pigeon shooting at a country club. [PAR] Brought into the boardroom: Lindsay, Adele and Miriam. [PAR] Who gets fired: Lindsay, for not listening to her team-mates. [PAR] Notes: While Impact may have won, Sir Alan confronted them with similar products from other toy companies in an effort to find out if they had copied the idea of the electronic card game or were simply unaware. It subsequently emerged that Adele had told Lindsay that she could take her into the boardroom, as she didn't care if she was fired since it meant she'd be able to see her family again. In the final boardroom however it became apparent that Sir Alan actually favoured firing Miriam rather than Adele, until Miriam put in a strong defence of herself. Impressed by her defence, and wanting to see how Adele would cope as a project manager, Sir Alan therefore fired Lindsay. [PAR] Week 3 [PAR] Team re-shuffle: Ben, Sebastian and Tim moved to First Forte, whilst Rachel and Saira moved to Impact. [PAR] Project managers: Adele (First Forte) and Matthew (Impact). [PAR] Task: Purchase a set list of ten items for prices lower than those asked by the retailers. The team which spends the least wins. [PAR] Result: Impact failed to find a new bowler hat, for which they were fined \u00a380. However, an electronics store's shopkeeper decided to give them a Freeview box for nothing, offsetting the fine. First Forte managed to acquire all of the items. Impact Spent \u00a3447.38p And First Forte Spent \u00a3506.94p [PAR] Winner: Impact. [PAR] Reward: Dinner with Sir Alan Sugar at an Italian restaurant. [PAR] Brought into the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Numbers | Define Numbers at Dictionary.com Numbers | Define Numbers at Dictionary.com [PAR] Numbers [PAR] noun, (used with a singular verb) [PAR] 1. [PAR] the fourth book of the Old Testament, containing the census of the Israelites after the Exodus from Egypt. [PAR] Abbreviation: Num. [PAR] a numeral or group of numerals. [PAR] 2. [PAR] the sum, total, count, or aggregate of a collection of units, or the like: [PAR] A number of people were hurt in the accident. The number of homeless children in the city has risen alarmingly. [PAR] 3. [PAR] a word or symbol, or a combination of words or symbols, used in counting or in noting a total. [PAR] 4. [PAR] the particular numeral assigned to an object so as to designate its place in a series: [PAR] house number; license number. [PAR] one of a series of things distinguished by or marked with numerals. [PAR] 6. [PAR] a certain collection, company, or quantity not precisely reckoned, but usually considerable or large: [PAR] I've gone there a number of times. [PAR] 7. [PAR] the full count of a collection or company. [PAR] 8. [PAR] Their number was more than 20,000. [PAR] 10. [PAR] a considerable amount or quantity; many: [PAR] Numbers flocked to the city to see the parade. [PAR] metrical feet; verse. [PAR] Informal. the figures representing the actual cost, expense, profit, etc.: [PAR] We won't make a decision until we see the numbers. [PAR] quantity as composed of units: [PAR] to increase the number of eligible voters. [PAR] 12. [PAR] numerical strength or superiority; complement: [PAR] The garrison is not up to its full number. [PAR] 13. [PAR] a tune or arrangement for singing or dancing. [PAR] 14. [PAR] a single or distinct performance within a show, as a song or dance: [PAR] The comic routine followed the dance number. [PAR] 15. [PAR] a single part of a program made up of a group of similar parts: [PAR] For her third number she played a nocturne. [PAR] 16. [PAR] any of a collection of poems or songs. [PAR] 17. [PAR] a distinct part of an extended musical work or one in a sequence of compositions. [PAR] 18. [PAR] conformity in music or verse to regular beat or measure; rhythm. [PAR] 19. [PAR] a single part of a book published in a series of parts. [PAR] 20. [PAR] a single issue of a periodical: [PAR] several numbers of a popular magazine. [PAR] 21. [PAR] a code of numerals, letters, or a combination of these assigned to a particular telephone: [PAR] Did you call the right number? [PAR] 22. [PAR] Grammar. a category of noun, verb, or adjective inflection found in many languages, as English, Latin, and Arabic, used to indicate whether a word has one or more than one referent. There may be a two-way distinction in number, as between singular and plural, three-way, as between singular, dual, and plural, or more. [PAR] 23. [PAR] the attractive number standing at the bar. [PAR] 24. [PAR] Informal. an article of merchandise, especially of wearing apparel, offered for sale: [PAR] Put those leather numbers in the display window. [PAR] 25. [PAR] mathematics regarded as a science, a basic concept, and a mode of thought: [PAR] Number is the basis of science. [PAR] verb (used with object) [PAR] to mark with or distinguish by numbers: [PAR] Number each of the definitions. [PAR] 27. [PAR] to amount to or comprise in number; total: [PAR] The manuscript already numbers 425 pages. [PAR] 28. [PAR] to consider or include in a number: [PAR] I number myself among his friends."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] New 5 euro banknote in circulation - euronews.com New 5 euro banknote in circulation | Euronews [PAR] New 5 euro banknote in circulation [PAR] Now Reading: [PAR] New 5 euro banknote in circulation [PAR] Today's Top Stories [PAR] last updated: 30/04/2013 [PAR] Euronews [PAR] \u0399n the first of a series of updates to the euro currency notes, a new five euro banknote, has gone into circulation in the eurozone. [PAR] Part of the reason for the new note is to introduce stronger security measures against counterfeiting as well as to update the designs. A similar thing is being done in the UK, with a new five pound note which is to be issued featuring an image of World War II leader Winston Churchill. [PAR] Counterfeiting has always been a problem, but with much greater security, it is hoped the level of fake notes can be reduced. The features include: [PAR] - A watermark with a portrait of Europa [PAR] -A hologram with a portrait of Europa [PAR] - Raised lines on both left and right edges of the note [PAR] - The number 5, which changes colour from emerald to deep blue when the note is tilted [PAR] Old five euro notes will remain legal tender for some time to come and the two notes will be in circulation together. [PAR] Although the old banknotes will be gradually withdrawn they will retain their monetary value indefinitely and once out of circulation anyone holding the notes will be able to exchange them at national central banks. [PAR] Other denomination banknotes will be introduced gradually over a number of years, replacing the older notes and incorporating the new security features. [PAR] Share this article:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tommy Steele - \"What a Mouth\" - YouTube Tommy Steele - \"What a Mouth\" - YouTube [PAR] Tommy Steele - \"What a Mouth\" [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 7, 2011 [PAR] Tommy Steele OBE (born Thomas William Hicks, 17 December 1936, Bermondsey, London), is an English entertainer. Steele is widely regarded as Britain's first teen idol and rock and roll star. He started out with a backing group 'The Steelmen' before going solo in 1958. This single from 1960 got to #5 in the UK and was also very popular here in Australia. [PAR] Category [PAR] Standard YouTube License [PAR] Music[DOC] [TLE] Thomas William Hicks - Celebrity Net Worth Thomas William Hicks - Net Worth 2017-2016, Bio, Wiki - Celebrity Net Worth [PAR] Jennifer Field July 20, 2016 Celebrities , Singers 0 [PAR] Tommy Steele Net Worth $10 Million Tommy Steele Net Worth: Tommy Steele is an English entertainer that has a net worth of $10 million. Tommy Steele was born in Bermondsey, London, England in December 1936. Tommy was called the British response to Elvis Presley. His debut acting role came in \u2026"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 73rd International Inferno Races \u2013 Events \u2013 M\u00fcrren ... 73rd International Inferno Races \u2013 Events \u2013 M\u00fcrren Jungfrau Region Bernese Oberland Bern Switzerland - Made in Bern [PAR] 74t International Inferno Races [PAR] Jungfrau Region, 13.01.2016 [PAR] On January 18th \u2013 21st all ski fanatics will meet in M\u00fcrren for the 74th International Inferno Races. [PAR] The Inferno Race was organised for the first time in 1928 by a group of ski-crazy Englishmen. Today it is regarded as the largest amateur skiing race in the world. The number of participants is limited to 1,800, and every year just as many other hopefuls have to be turned away. [PAR] The appeal of the 14.9 km course is down to its contrasting terrain, which is also open to the skiing public at other times of the year. The Inferno Race is particularly well suited to the good allround ski, as the following excerpt from the competition documenation explains: \u201cThe upper part of the course demands downhill turning technique and an optimal line. The middle section calls for an ideal downhill position and fast gliding. The section from the \u201cKanonenrohr\u201d to the \u201cH\u00f6henl\u00fccke\u201d is where technically accomplished skiers come into their own. Over the section from Maulerhubel to Winteregg, skating steps and arm power can make all the difference between victory or defeat. And from Winteregg-Spriessenkehr to Lauterbrunnen optimal equipment, a clean downhill position and \u2013 not least \u2013 mental stamina can be the key to a fast final time.\u201d [PAR] For all those who want to complete the downhill run at a leisurely and enjoyable pace rather than in racing mode, here is a brief description of the course: The start is located just below the Kleines Schilthorn. From here the course continues through the Engetal to the Schilthorn Hut. There follows a long drawn-out S to just below the Muttlerenhoren, followed by the challenge of the \u201cKanonenrohr\u201d (or gun barrel). Next up is another Double S and a sharp right-hand curve, after which the course climbs into woodland, crossing the path of the Maulerhubel ski lift. A slight ascent then takes us to Winteregg over the Winteregg Bridge to rejoin the forest trail in the direction of Lauterbrunnen. [PAR] Proficient skiers will take approx. 45 minutes to complete this wonderful downhill run. The winners of the Inferno race usually cover in less than 15 minutes. [PAR] Inferno race in M\u00fcrren, Jungfrau region [PAR] Inferno race in M\u00fcrren, Jungfrau region [PAR] Inferno race in M\u00fcrren, Jungfrau region [PAR] Events[DOC] [TLE] The Inferno Race | Extreme Sports The Inferno Race | Extreme Sports [PAR] Have you heard about the INFERNO RACE ? [PAR] January 23, 2009 [PAR] The race began on the 21st January, in Murren, Switzerland and is completed tomorrow with the downhill race\u2026 weather permitting. It costs ChF60 to enter. [PAR] In 1928 a crazy Englishman, James Riddell, invented (is that the right word?) this race, and it is now one of the largest amateur ski races in the world. The number of participants is limited to 1,800 and at least the same number are turned away each year. [PAR] The four-day skiing event includes cross-country, giant slalom and downhill races. The International Inferno Race takes in some of the best and most interesting runs of the Jungfrau Top ski resort. From bombing down pistes to some exhausting uphill marches, it requires more than just one skill and is a truly challenging race. [PAR] This is the 66th time it has been run. [PAR] Wednesday, 21st, saw the evening cross country race. This youtube is Mario, DoeggiSUI , arriving"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Aberdeen International Airport homepage Aberdeen International Airport homepage [PAR] Ski escapes from Aberdeen Airport [PAR] Hit the slopes this winter with a variety of direct routes from Aberdeen! [PAR] Win a hotel stay Win a stay for 2 at the Norwood Hall Hotel, Aberdeen [PAR] How many bedrooms does Norwood Hall Hotel have? [PAR] 57[DOC] [TLE] Visit Aberdeen | Flights, Holidays & Hotels | British Airways Visit Aberdeen | Flights, Holidays & Hotels | British Airways [PAR] Book [PAR] Discover Aberdeen [PAR] Known as the powerhouse of the north east, Aberdeen is often overlooked when it comes to its city break appeal. But beyond its grey fa\u00e7ade you\u2019ll discover a vibrant city life, bursting with cultural gems and glittering architecture \u2014 all wrapped up in spectacular Scottish countryside. [PAR] A city of silvery grey granite, which can appear as dull as the lifeless sky in winter and as dazzling as the sunshine on a summers day \u2013 Aberdeen does lack the charm of Edinburgh and the vibrancy of Glasgow . But amongst the granite cityscape you\u2019ll discover greenery in the form of parks and gardens, and beyond that in the form of the beautiful Aberdeenshire countryside. With its royal connections and close proximity to Scotland\u2019s famous whisky country, you\u2019ll be spoilt for choice when it comes to sightseeing. And delighted by the nature and wildlife, which can be found a stone\u2019s throw away \u2014 as unspoilt beaches and the fantastic Cairngorms National Park provide plenty of opportunity to connect with the natural beauty of Scotland."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard Nixon elected president - Nov 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com Richard Nixon elected president - Nov 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Richard Nixon elected president [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Winning one of the closest elections in U.S. history, Republican challenger Richard Nixon defeats Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Because of the strong showing of third-party candidate George Wallace, neither Nixon nor Humphrey received more than 50 percent of the popular vote; Nixon beat Humphrey by less than 500,000 votes. Nixon campaigned on a platform designed to reach the \u201csilent majority\u201d of middle class and working class Americans. He promised to \u201cbring us together again,\u201d and many Americans, weary after years of antiwar and civil rights protests, were happy to hear of peace returning to their streets. Foreign policy was also a major factor in the election. Humphrey was saddled with a Democratic foreign policy that led to what appeared to be absolute futility and agony in Vietnam. Nixon promised to find a way to \u201cpeace with honor\u201d in Vietnam, though he was never entirely clear about how this was to be accomplished. The American people, desperate to find a way out of the Vietnam quagmire, were apparently ready to give the Republican an opportunity to make good on his claim.During his presidency, Nixon oversaw some dramatic changes in U.S. Cold War foreign policy, most notably his policy of detente with the Soviet Union and his 1972 visit to communist China. His promise to bring peace with honor in Vietnam, however, was more difficult to accomplish. American troops were not withdrawn until 1973, and South Vietnam fell to communist forces in 1975. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] the man in the iron mask | French convict | Britannica.com the man in the iron mask | French convict | Britannica.com [PAR] The man in the iron mask [PAR] French convict [PAR] Alternative Title: l\u2019homme au masque de fer [PAR] the man in the iron mask [PAR] French convict [PAR] l\u2019homme au masque de fer [PAR] born [PAR] Paris , France [PAR] The man in the iron mask, French l\u2019homme au masque de fer (born c. 1658?\u2014died November 19, 1703, Paris , France ), political prisoner, famous in French history and legend , who died in the Bastille in 1703, during the reign of Louis XIV . There is no historical evidence that the mask was made of anything but black velvet (velours), and only afterward did legend convert its material into iron. [PAR] The Man in the Iron Mask, etching and mezzotint, 1789. [PAR] Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (Digital File Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-07185) [PAR] He was first imprisoned at Pignerol (Pinerolo, in Piedmont) sometime before 1681, then at other prisons before finally being transferred to the Bastille in Paris on September 18, 1698. He died there on November 19, 1703. Buried the next day in the parish cemetery of Saint-Paul, he was registered there under the name of \u201cMarchioly,\u201d and his age was given as \u201cabout 45.\u201d His several moves during his lifetime corresponded with the successive postings of the prison governor B\u00e9nigne d\u2019Auvergne de Saint-Mars, in whose charge he was evidently especially committed. [PAR] The identity of the man in the mask was already a mystery before his death, and, from the 18th century on, various suggestions as to his identity were made: in 1711, an English nobleman; in 1745, Louis de Bourbon, comte de Vermandois, a son of Louis XIV and Louise de La Valli\u00e8re; between 1738 and 1771, an elder brother of Louis XIV (Voltaire popularized this unlikely solution, which was later taken up by Alexandre Dumas in Dix Ans plus tard ou le Vicomte de Bragelonne [1848\u201350], translated into English as The Man in the Iron Mask); in 1883 Moli\u00e8re, imprisoned by the Jesuits in revenge for Tartuffe. Of the dozen or more hypotheses , only two have proven tenable: those for Ercole Matthioli and for Eustache Dauger. [PAR] Matthioli, a minister of Ferdinand Charles, duke of Mantua, had been entrusted with the secret negotiation of the treaty of 1678 whereby the impoverished duke was to deliver the stronghold of Casale over to France in return for 100,000 \u00e9cus, but, as soon as the agreement was signed, Matthioli nullified its effect by betraying the secret to several foreign courts. Furious at having been tricked, Louis XIV had him quietly abducted and imprisoned at Pinerolo (1679). It is generally agreed, however, that Matthioli died in the \u00celes Sainte-Marguerite in April 1694 and that the prisoner in the mask was Eustache Dauger. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Man in the Iron Mask - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] The political prisoner of Louis XIV of France known as the Man in the Iron Mask was brought to the Bastille on Sept. 18, 1698. He died there on Nov. 19, 1703. He was named for the mask he was made to wear to keep his identity a secret. The mask was actually made of black velvet but was later mistakenly recorded in legend as consisting of iron. The identity of the prisoner was much speculated on. One popular theory was that he was Count Matthioli, who had double-crossed Louis XIV by refusing to betray a fortress. It is generally agreed, however, that Matthioli died"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CTRN: Change That's Right Now | Psellismophobia CTRN: Change That's Right Now | Psellismophobia [PAR] \u00b7 Add Comment [PAR] Trusted, Effective Treatment for Psellismophobia. [PAR] If you\u2019re like most people who live with this fear, you probably wonder if you can ever be rid of it. After 10 years working with people with the most severe phobias, we have yet to come across someone with a case of psellismophobia that couldn\u2019t be overcome. [PAR] If you are now ready to have this over and done with, here\u2019s what you can expect from us: [PAR] Significant progress overcoming psellismophobia in just 24 hours [PAR] Utter discretion [PAR] Clients in 70+ countries have put their trust in CTRN [PAR] Get Started Now [PAR] We have two proven programs for Psellismophobia First, there is the do-it-yourself Home Study program . Or second, you can work with a board-certified specialist in our one-on-one program : [PAR] [PAR] or Compare the Two Programs [PAR] How the Program Works: Getting Over Psellismophobia [PAR] The core of the problem is that your unconscious mind is repeating patterns of thinking that generate the fear\u2026 and now its time to change things up so those patterns don\u2019t run any more. Consciously, you know your psellismophobia doesn\u2019t make logical sense. If it did everyone would have it. The reason the fear continues is because the subconscious has connected it to a wave of dominant negative feelings which occur automatically when you even think of stuttering. [PAR] You have not been able to prevent your feelings of fear because you have not been given the methodology to change your feelings and associations. We\u2019re here to teach the techniques to you. Are you ready to get started? [PAR] A Board-Certified Practitioner is ready to speak with you. Contact Us Now Contact Us Now > [PAR] The Only Real Solution to Your Fear [PAR] Unlike other solutions, we don\u2019t promise you a cure for your fear. As much as we\u2019d like to wave a magic wand and \u2018cure\u2019 you, it\u2019s actually up to you to change how you feel. Quite simply, we are here to hold your hand through this method of self-empowerment. [PAR] You will learn how to cultivate positive feelings while learning to combat and eventually vanquish negative feelings that cause your fear. No one should have to go through the continuous suffering you are experiencing. Harmful thinking isn\u2019t helping \u2013 you need to make some serious changes now. [PAR] Vanquish Psellismophobia Today . [PAR] Psellismophobia Risk Factors and Triggers [PAR] The root cause of Psellismophobia is often (but not always) traumatic incident in the past. In some cases, the mind has seemingly, without basis, created the fear. The answer if to uncover the deep-down source and replace those negative connections with positive ones. Persons that find themselves at greatest risk: [PAR] \u2022 Those with a tendency to feel anxious and panicky [PAR] \u2022 People characterized as skittish, energetic, easily upset, nervous [PAR] \u2022 People suffering from adrenal insufficiency [PAR] Do you feel as if even one of these represents you? You can see testimonials from individuals who know our our capability to make a difference. [PAR] Or, if you prefer, read about us in the media . [PAR] Tests, Symptoms & Diagnosis [PAR] To find out the gravity of the problem for you, use our 2 minute Online Assessment for Psellismophobia Online Test although it is fairly clear cut: Do something about it now, if the fear is having a sizable negative influence on your way of living. [PAR] By simply thinking about Stuttering, do you become woozy?"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) [PAR] Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968) [PAR] At 6:05 P.M. on Thursday, 4 April 1968, Martin Luther King was shot dead while standing on a balcony outside his second-\ufb02oor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. News of King\u2019s assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property damage in over 100 American cities. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old escaped fugitive, later confessed to the crime and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term. During King\u2019s funeral a tape recording was played in which King spoke of how he wanted to be remembered after his death: \u2018\u2018I\u2019d like somebody to mention that day that Martin Luther King Jr. tried to give his life serving [PAR] others\u2019\u2019(King, \u2018\u2018Drum Major Instinct,\u2019\u2019 85). [PAR] King had arrived in Tennessee on Wednesday, 3 April to prepare for a march the following Monday on behalf of striking Memphis sanitation workers . As he prepared to leave the Lorraine Motel for a dinner at the home of Memphis minister Samuel \u2018\u2018Billy\u2019\u2019 Kyles, King stepped out onto the balcony of room 306 to speak with Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) colleagues standing in the parking area below. An assassin \ufb01red a single shot that caused severe wounds to the lower right side of his face. SCLC aides rushed to him, and Ralph Abernathy cradled King\u2019s head. Others on the balcony pointed across the street toward the rear of a boarding house on South Main Street where the shot seemed to have originated. An ambulance rushed King to St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital, where doctors pronounced him dead at 7:05 P.M. [PAR] President Lyndon B. Johnson called for a national day of mourning to be observed on 7 April. In the following days, public libraries, museums, schools, and businesses were closed, and the Academy Awards ceremony and numerous sporting events were postponed. On 8 April King\u2019s widow, Coretta Scott King , and other family members joined thousands of participants in a march in Memphis honoring King and supporting the sanitation workers. King\u2019s funeral service was held the following day in Atlanta at Ebenezer Baptist Church . It was attended by many of the nation\u2019s political and civil rights leaders, including Jacqueline Kennedy, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, and Ralph Bunche . Morehouse College President Benjamin Mays delivered the eulogy, predicting that King \u2018\u2018would probably say that, if death had to come, I am sure there was no greater cause to die for than \ufb01ghting to get a just wage for garbage collectors\u2019\u2019 (Mays, 9 April 1968). Over 100,000 mourners followed two mules pulling King\u2019s cof\ufb01n through the streets of Atlanta. After another ceremony on the Morehouse campus, King\u2019s body was initially interred at South-View Cemetery. Eventually, it was moved to a crypt next to the Ebenezer Church at the King Center , an institution founded by King\u2019s widow. [PAR] Shortly after the assassination, a policeman discovered a bundle containing a 30.06 Remington ri\ufb02e next door to the boarding house. The largest investigation in Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) history led its agents to an apartment in Atlanta. Fingerprints uncovered in the apartment matched those of James Earl Ray, a fugitive who had escaped from a Missouri prison in April 1967. FBI agents and police in Memphis produced further evidence that Ray had registered on 4 April at the South Main Street roominghouse and that he had taken a second-\ufb02oor room near a common bathroom with a view of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] J.K. Rowling - The Books Writing - J.K. Rowling [PAR] Writing [PAR] Fantastic Beasts and Where To Find Them [PAR] J.K. Rowling\u2019s Wizarding World [PAR] The first Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher\u2019s Stone, was published in 1997 to immediate popular and critical acclaim. Six further best-selling books and eight blockbuster films followed. The books have been translated into 79 languages, won multiple awards, and sold more than 450 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling book series in history. [PAR] In 2016, a new era of the Wizarding World was unveiled with the launch of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, an original screenplay by J.K. Rowling and a major film release from Warner Bros. [PAR] Pottermore , launched in 2012, is the digital heart of the Wizarding World, bringing fans news, features and articles as well as original content by J.K. Rowling. It is also the global digital publisher of Harry Potter and J.K. Rowling\u2019s Wizarding World. [PAR] Fantastic Beasts and Where To Find Them [PAR] Robert Galbraith [PAR] The Cormoran Strike series is classic contemporary crime fiction set in London, where war veteran turned private detective, Cormoran Strike, solves brutal murders with the help of his trusted assistant Robin Ellacott. [PAR] Seeking to return to the beginning of a writing career in a new genre after Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling chose to write crime fiction under the pseudonym of Robert Galbraith to be published without expectation or tainted critique. [PAR] The first Cormoran Strike novel, The Cuckoo\u2019s Calling, was published in 2013 to critical acclaim by both reviewers and fellow crime writers. It wasn\u2019t long, however, before her cover was blown and Robert Galbraith\u2019s true identity was unexpectedly revealed. [PAR] Two more books have since followed: The Silkworm (2014) and Career of Evil (2015). [PAR] J.K. Rowling continues to write The Cormoran Strike series under the name of Robert Galbraith to maintain the distinction from her other writing. The books are currently being adapted for a major new television series for BBC One, produced by Bront\u00eb Film and Television. [PAR] The Robert Galbraith website can be found here - http://robert-galbraith.com/"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1966: Britain to go decimal in 1971 BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1966: Britain to go decimal in 1971 [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1966: Britain to go decimal in 1971 [PAR] The Chancellor of the Exchequer, James Callaghan, has confirmed the \"historic and momentous\" decision to change over to decimal coinage. [PAR] It was just one of a number of proposals announced in his \"little Budget\" statement in the Commons. Other proposals included a new gambling tax - the proceeds from which will be used to fund cheaper mortgages for the less well off. [PAR] Loud cheers greeted Mr Callaghan's announcement of the switch to decimal currency. [PAR] 'Considerable benefit' [PAR] He said: \"It is the government's conclusion, shared I know by large sections of industry, commerce, science and banking, that the change to a decimal coinage will bring considerable benefit to the economy at large.\" [PAR] Preparations for the change-over will begin at once, with the introduction of a Decimal Currency Bill. One of its functions will be to establish a new Decimal Currency Board to oversee the switch which will take place in February 1971. [PAR] There were more cheers as Mr Callaghan confirmed the pound would remain the major unit of currency. It will be divided into 100 units, to be called either cents or new pennies. [PAR] Preliminary estimates suggest the cost of switching to decimal coinage may be as much as \ufffd120m. However, Mr Callaghan said he hoped the long change-over period may mean the total cost was lower than this. [PAR] Companies obliged to invest in new equipment will not be compensated, but they will be entitled to tax relief.[DOC] [TLE] How Britain converted to decimal currency - BBC News How Britain converted to decimal currency - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] How Britain converted to decimal currency [PAR] By Len Freeman BBC News [PAR] 5 February 2011 [PAR] Image caption Shoppers had to learn how to use decimalised currency from 15 February 1971 [PAR] Do you remember the tanner, shilling, florin and half crown? [PAR] If you do, you must be at least in your 40s, because it was back in February 1971, 40 years ago, that Britain \"went decimal\" and hundreds of years of everyday currency was turned into history overnight. [PAR] On 14 February that year, there were 12 pennies to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound. The following day all that was history and the pound was made up of 100 new pence. [PAR] Decimalisation - having a currency based on simple multiples of 10 and 100 - had been a long time coming to Britain. [PAR] France and the United States had gone decimal in the 1790s. Britain first thought about doing the same in the 1820s but the idea did not gather momentum. [PAR] Prior to 1971, the closest Britain came to decimalisation was in 1849 with the introduction of the florin - a coin worth two shillings (24 old pence or 10 new pence) which was one-tenth of a pound. [PAR] See all the old coins [PAR] From the farthing to the florin and half crown. Images from the Royal Mint. [PAR] In pictures: Pre-decimal currency [PAR] During the 1960s a number of Commonwealth countries had gone decimal - Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. [PAR] \"There was a sense in which there was a momentum behind this,\" said Dr Kevin Clancy, head of historical services at the Royal Mint. \"It would have been a huge disruption, which was"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Birth of Richard III | History Today The Birth of Richard III | History Today [PAR] The Birth of Richard III [PAR] The last Plantagenet king was born on October 2nd, 1452 [PAR] The earliest surviving portrait of Richard (c. 1520, after a lost original). Society of Antiquaries [PAR] The baby was born at one of his mother\u2019s favourite residences, Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, the fourth and youngest son of his family. His older brothers were Edward, who was ten, Edmund, nine, and George, four. Descended on both sides from Edward III, they were born into a desperately dangerous world and only the eldest would meet a natural death. The reigning king, Henry VI, was weak, inept and not quite right in the head, and Richard was still a baby when a battle at St Albans in 1455 ushered in the Wars of the Roses, thirty years of sporadic civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York which would end only with his own death in battle at Bosworth Field. [PAR] He was named after his father, Richard, Duke of York, Henry VI\u2019s challenger for the throne, and took after him physically \u2013 short and dark. A frail baby, he perhaps had one shoulder higher than the other, but he was not hunchbacked or seriously deformed. Nor is it likely that he was two years in the womb and emerged with a full set of teeth. His mother, the pious and beautiful Cecily Neville (\u2018Cecylee\u2019 she signed herself), was a grand-daughter of John of Gaunt and the aunt of Richard Neville, the \u2018Kingmaker\u2019 Earl of Warwick, England\u2019s most powerful magnate and the powerhouse of the Yorkist cause. [PAR] Richard probably spent his childhood mainly at Fotheringhay with his mother. When he was seven, in 1459, his father was driven out of England and proclaimed a traitor and outlaw. Richard and George and their mother were handed over by the triumphant Lancastrians to Cecily\u2019s sister Anne, Duchess of Buckingham. They were probably decently treated and within a year Warwick and Richard\u2019s brother Edward won a battle at Northampton and took the King prisoner. Richard\u2019s father returned to England to claim the throne, but the wheel turned again and in December 1460 he was defeated and killed at Wakefield. His severed head was stuck up on the wall of York adorned with a paper crown. Richard\u2019s brother Edmund was caught and killed, too. [PAR] Duchess Cecily sent George and Richard abroad to the Duke of Burgundy in the Netherlands. The position in England soon changed again, however, when Edward won a decisive victory at Towton in March 1461. He sent for his brothers, who arrived in London in time for the nineteen-year-old Edward\u2019s coronation in Westminster Abbey in June. George was created Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Gloucester. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Bourchier, apparently had charge of the boys for a time, but Richard was later entrusted to the Earl of Warwick, whose lavish household was said to support 20,000 retainers. [PAR] Richard would have been trained in arms, hunting and hawking, dancing and courtesy. He probably spent much of his time at Warwick\u2019s Yorkshire castles of Middleham and Sheriff Hutton. He must have got to know his future wife, Warwick\u2019s younger daughter, Anne Neville (George married her sister Isabel), and he made useful friendships among leading families in the north of England, who came to consider him a northerner, not some alien from the south. He grew into a capable soldier and administrator, and he remained staunchly loyal to Edward IV, unlike his brother"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard III Society | RICHARD III | HIS LIFE Richard III Society | RICHARD III | HIS LIFE [PAR] A Brief Biography and Introduction to Richard's Reputation [PAR] by Wendy E.A. Moorhen [PAR] What follows is a brief factual biography of Richard III which provides links to more in-depth articles and papers on his life, career and reputation. [PAR] Boyhood [PAR] Fotheringhay Castle by Julian Rowe, [PAR] reproduced by kind permission of Peter Hammond Richard Plantagenet was born on 2 October 1452 at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, the youngest son of Richard, Duke of York, and his wife, the former Cecily Neville. York, a cousin to the reigning King Henry VI, held senior government positions but was unpopular with the Lancastrian regime. York's disputes led to his early death at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460. His eldest son, Edward, seized the throne of England in March the following year and defeated the Lancastrians at Towton on 29 March. [PAR] Middleham Castle \u00a9Geoffrey Wheeler The young king Edward IV now assumed responsibility for the upbringing of his younger siblings who had hitherto experienced an unsettled childhood. The elder son, George, was created duke of Clarence and the younger, Richard, was created duke of Gloucester at the age of eight and entered the household of his cousin, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, to begin his education as a nobleman. This took place primarily at the earl's Yorkshire estates of Middleham and Sheriff Hutton. [PAR] Meanwhile, King Edward clandestinely married a Lancastrian widow in 1464 and thus began to alienate Warwick, his most powerful ally, who had favoured a political match with a European princess. Over the next five years the relationship between king and 'over-mighty' earl deteriorated until civil strife was resumed in 1469 and the following year Edward was driven into exile. One of the causes of their dispute was the marriage of Warwick's elder daughter to Clarence without the king's permission. [PAR] The Young Duke [PAR] The Battle of Barnet \u00a9 Geoffrey Wheeler Richard accompanied Edward to the continent and on their return to England in 1471 the eighteen-year-old duke was given command of the vanguard at the Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury. These battles were resounding Yorkist victories and both Warwick and the Lancastrian heir, Prince Edward of Wales, were killed. The former king, Henry VI, died a few days later in London. [PAR] Richard now assumed the responsibilities of his position. He had been admiral of England since 1461 and he was now appointed constable. King Edward granted Richard many of Warwick's forfeited estates and the following year the duke married Warwick's younger daughter Anne, who was the widow of Prince Edward who was killed at Tewkesbury. [PAR] The Battle of Tewkesbury \u00a9 Geoffrey Wheeler The couple took up residence in the north of England , which King Edward effectively entrusted to his brother, and Richard was created Warden of the West Marches of Scotland. Richard took his duties seriously and held the north against any Scottish incursions. In 1476, Duchess Anne gave birth to their only child, who became known as Edward of Middleham. [PAR] During the remaining years of his brother's reign, Richard of Gloucester rarely left the north. Two such occasions included the invasion of France in 1475 and attending the parliament of 1478 when their brother Clarence was attainted for treason and privately executed. In the summer of 1482, Richard invaded Scotland at King Edward's behest. He was accompanied by the Scots king's brother, the duke of Albany. Richard and Albany marched as far as Edinburgh before Richard strategically"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in ... Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in battle -Timeline - University of Leicester [PAR] Who was Richard III? [PAR] A Plantagenet primer on the last English king to die in battle. [PAR] Although he only ruled for two years \u2013 from 1483 to 1485 \u2013 Richard III stands out among his peers as one of the most famous (or infamous) Kings of England. But who was he? And why does he continue to inspire such interest? [PAR] Richard was born in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire on 2 October 1452 \u2013 about 30 miles (50km) from Leicester and only about 40 miles (65km - two days\u2019 ride) from Bosworth where he met his end a third of a century later. Richard and his older brother Edward were the great-great-grandchildren of Edward III, a line of descent which was used to justify the claim to the throne by the House of York during the Wars of the Roses (the House of Lancaster was also descended from Edward III, via a different route). [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878. [PAR] Edward ruled as King Edward IV from 1461 until 1470 and again from 1471 until his death in 1483, when his 12-year-old son succeeded as Edward V, with Richard named Lord Protector. Young Edward and his brother moved into the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace, not a prison) but in June their parents\u2019 marriage was declared invalid, making the princes illegitimate and hence their uncle became the heir apparent. Richard lost no time in being crowned King Richard III and the two boys were not seen again. [PAR] Thus began the legend of \u2018the Princes in the Tower\u2019 and a long-standing popular belief that Richard had his nephews murdered in order to remove any competing claim to the throne. This has been widely debated for many years, with passionate arguments made both for and against Richard. [PAR] Death and disappearance [PAR] After defeating an unsuccessful rebellion in October 1483, Richard led his army to Bosworth in Leicestershire two years later to face Henry Tudor (whose somewhat tenuous claim to the throne was also through descent from Edward III). On 22 August 1485, Richard was killed at Bosworth Field, the last English King to die in battle, thereby bringing to an end both the Plantagenet dynasty and the Wars of the Roses. Henry Tudor was crowned King Henry VII. [PAR] Richard\u2019s body was brought back to Leicester, publicly displayed and then given for burial to a group of Franciscan friars. An alabaster tomb monument was constructed over the grave in 1495, paid for by the new King. With the dissolution of the monasteries (by Henry Tudor\u2019s son, Henry VIII) that friary disappeared and along with it any clear record of Richard\u2019s grave. Stories and rumours about where Richard\u2019s mortal remains lie \u2013 or what happened to them \u2013 have circulated over the ensuing centuries, but most of these have subsequently been shown to be tall tales. [PAR] Re-evaluating Richard [PAR] Portrait of Richard III of England, painted c. 1520 (approximate date from tree-rings on panel), after a lost original, for the Paston family, now owned by the Society of Antiquaries, London. [PAR] History, they say, is written by the victors. Tudor writers and artists had no qualms about depicting Richard III as an evil tyrant and child-murderer, as well as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in ... Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in battle -Timeline - University of Leicester [PAR] Who was Richard III? [PAR] A Plantagenet primer on the last English king to die in battle. [PAR] Although he only ruled for two years \u2013 from 1483 to 1485 \u2013 Richard III stands out among his peers as one of the most famous (or infamous) Kings of England. But who was he? And why does he continue to inspire such interest? [PAR] Richard was born in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire on 2 October 1452 \u2013 about 30 miles (50km) from Leicester and only about 40 miles (65km - two days\u2019 ride) from Bosworth where he met his end a third of a century later. Richard and his older brother Edward were the great-great-grandchildren of Edward III, a line of descent which was used to justify the claim to the throne by the House of York during the Wars of the Roses (the House of Lancaster was also descended from Edward III, via a different route). [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878. [PAR] Edward ruled as King Edward IV from 1461 until 1470 and again from 1471 until his death in 1483, when his 12-year-old son succeeded as Edward V, with Richard named Lord Protector. Young Edward and his brother moved into the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace, not a prison) but in June their parents\u2019 marriage was declared invalid, making the princes illegitimate and hence their uncle became the heir apparent. Richard lost no time in being crowned King Richard III and the two boys were not seen again. [PAR] Thus began the legend of \u2018the Princes in the Tower\u2019 and a long-standing popular belief that Richard had his nephews murdered in order to remove any competing claim to the throne. This has been widely debated for many years, with passionate arguments made both for and against Richard. [PAR] Death and disappearance [PAR] After defeating an unsuccessful rebellion in October 1483, Richard led his army to Bosworth in Leicestershire two years later to face Henry Tudor (whose somewhat tenuous claim to the throne was also through descent from Edward III). On 22 August 1485, Richard was killed at Bosworth Field, the last English King to die in battle, thereby bringing to an end both the Plantagenet dynasty and the Wars of the Roses. Henry Tudor was crowned King Henry VII. [PAR] Richard\u2019s body was brought back to Leicester, publicly displayed and then given for burial to a group of Franciscan friars. An alabaster tomb monument was constructed over the grave in 1495, paid for by the new King. With the dissolution of the monasteries (by Henry Tudor\u2019s son, Henry VIII) that friary disappeared and along with it any clear record of Richard\u2019s grave. Stories and rumours about where Richard\u2019s mortal remains lie \u2013 or what happened to them \u2013 have circulated over the ensuing centuries, but most of these have subsequently been shown to be tall tales. [PAR] Re-evaluating Richard [PAR] Portrait of Richard III of England, painted c. 1520 (approximate date from tree-rings on panel), after a lost original, for the Paston family, now owned by the Society of Antiquaries, London. [PAR] History, they say, is written by the victors. Tudor writers and artists had no qualms about depicting Richard III as an evil tyrant and child-murderer, as well as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in ... Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in battle -Timeline - University of Leicester [PAR] Who was Richard III? [PAR] A Plantagenet primer on the last English king to die in battle. [PAR] Although he only ruled for two years \u2013 from 1483 to 1485 \u2013 Richard III stands out among his peers as one of the most famous (or infamous) Kings of England. But who was he? And why does he continue to inspire such interest? [PAR] Richard was born in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire on 2 October 1452 \u2013 about 30 miles (50km) from Leicester and only about 40 miles (65km - two days\u2019 ride) from Bosworth where he met his end a third of a century later. Richard and his older brother Edward were the great-great-grandchildren of Edward III, a line of descent which was used to justify the claim to the throne by the House of York during the Wars of the Roses (the House of Lancaster was also descended from Edward III, via a different route). [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878. [PAR] Edward ruled as King Edward IV from 1461 until 1470 and again from 1471 until his death in 1483, when his 12-year-old son succeeded as Edward V, with Richard named Lord Protector. Young Edward and his brother moved into the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace, not a prison) but in June their parents\u2019 marriage was declared invalid, making the princes illegitimate and hence their uncle became the heir apparent. Richard lost no time in being crowned King Richard III and the two boys were not seen again. [PAR] Thus began the legend of \u2018the Princes in the Tower\u2019 and a long-standing popular belief that Richard had his nephews murdered in order to remove any competing claim to the throne. This has been widely debated for many years, with passionate arguments made both for and against Richard. [PAR] Death and disappearance [PAR] After defeating an unsuccessful rebellion in October 1483, Richard led his army to Bosworth in Leicestershire two years later to face Henry Tudor (whose somewhat tenuous claim to the throne was also through descent from Edward III). On 22 August 1485, Richard was killed at Bosworth Field, the last English King to die in battle, thereby bringing to an end both the Plantagenet dynasty and the Wars of the Roses. Henry Tudor was crowned King Henry VII. [PAR] Richard\u2019s body was brought back to Leicester, publicly displayed and then given for burial to a group of Franciscan friars. An alabaster tomb monument was constructed over the grave in 1495, paid for by the new King. With the dissolution of the monasteries (by Henry Tudor\u2019s son, Henry VIII) that friary disappeared and along with it any clear record of Richard\u2019s grave. Stories and rumours about where Richard\u2019s mortal remains lie \u2013 or what happened to them \u2013 have circulated over the ensuing centuries, but most of these have subsequently been shown to be tall tales. [PAR] Re-evaluating Richard [PAR] Portrait of Richard III of England, painted c. 1520 (approximate date from tree-rings on panel), after a lost original, for the Paston family, now owned by the Society of Antiquaries, London. [PAR] History, they say, is written by the victors. Tudor writers and artists had no qualms about depicting Richard III as an evil tyrant and child-murderer, as well as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Battle of Bosworth - War of the Roses - by Mandy Barrow Battle of Bosworth - War of the Roses [PAR] War of the Roses [PAR] War of the Roses 1455 - 1487 [PAR] [PAR] The War of Roses [PAR] The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought in medieval England from 1455 to 1487. For thirty - two years, a bitter struggle for the English throne was waged between two branches on the same family, the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both descended from Edward lll . [PAR] The War of the Roses began in 1455, when many barons resented the way that the Lancaster family had seized the throne in 1399 and felt that Henry V, IV or VI were not the rightful kings. (Henry IV, the first Lancastrian King, came to the English throne by force. He made his cousin Richard ll, abdicate, and then seized the crown himself.) According to the barons, the York family, cousins of the Lancasters, were truly entitled to reign. [PAR] The Battle of Stoke is considered by most people as the final conflict in the Wars of the Roses. [PAR] Each house was represented by a rose. [PAR] The Struggle for power was know as the War of the Roses because the Lancaster emblem was a red rose and the York emblem a white rose. [PAR] The House of York used a white rose. [PAR] The House of Lancaster used a red rose. [PAR] Henry Tudor [PAR] The Battle of Bosworth 1485 [PAR] The battle of Bosworth is one of the most important battles in English history. It led to the War of the Roses, and planted the Tudor house on the throne of England. [PAR] What happened the battle of Bosworth? [PAR] Henry Tudor , (Henry VII), earl of Richmond and a Lancastrian, defeated King Richard III, a Yorkist, at the battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. [PAR] Richard III (on the right) and his flag bearer [PAR] Battle of Bosworth saw the death of Richard III [PAR] Richard III was the last English monarch to have been killed in battle. [PAR] Henry Tudor landed at Milford Haven on 7 August in an attempt to claim the throne of England. He gathered supporters on his journey through Wales, and by the time he arrived in the Midlands, he had amassed an army of an estimated 5,000 men. Richard III, on the other hand, had an army of nearly 8,000. [PAR] After the battle, Henry Tudor was crowned as King Henry VII , marking the beginning of the 118-year reign of the Tudor dynasty in England. [PAR] Henry Vll (representing the Lancaster family) married Elizabeth of York (representing the York family). This marriage united the two families. Henry created the Tudor rose, containing both the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. It symbolized the end of a struggle between York and Lancaster, [PAR] More information"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - King Richard III (pictures, video, facts ... BBC - History - King Richard III (pictures, video, facts & news) [PAR] King Richard III [PAR] King Richard III [PAR] Richard was the last Yorkist king of England, whose death at the Battle of Bosworth effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. He has become infamous because of the disappearance of his young nephews - the Princes in the Tower - and through William Shakespeare's play 'Richard III'. [PAR] In 2012, archaeologists and researchers began excavating beneath a carpark in Leicester, hoping to find Richard's final resting place. The search captured the public's imagination and the remains subsequently found were confirmed as those of Richard. [PAR] Photo: Portrait of Richard III by an unknown artist. (National Portrait Gallery) [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Battle of Bosworth Field [PAR] Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. [PAR] Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, the celebrated climactic encounter of the Wars of the Roses. [PAR] More information about: King Richard III [PAR] Richard was born on 2 October 1452 at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire. His father was Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and his mother Cecily Neville. Richard had a claim to the English throne through both parents. We now know that Richard had a curvature of the spine, but the withered arm and limp of legend are almost certainly either fabrications or greatly exaggerated. [PAR] Wars of the Roses [PAR] His father's conflict with Henry VI was a major cause of the Wars of the Roses, which dominated Richard's early life. His father and older brother died at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460. In 1461, Richard's brother, Edward, became Edward IV and created him Duke of Gloucester. In 1470, Edward and Richard were exiled when Henry VI was briefly restored to the throne. The following year, they returned to England and Richard contributed to the Yorkist victories at Barnet and Tewkesbury which restored Edward to the throne. [PAR] The Princes in the Tower and seizure of the throne [PAR] When Edward died in April 1483, Richard was named as protector of the realm for Edward's son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V. As the new king travelled to London from Ludlow, Richard met him and escorted him to the capital, where he was lodged in the Tower of London. Edward V's brother later joined him there. [PAR] A publicity campaign was mounted condemning Edward IV's marriage to the boys' mother, Elizabeth Woodville, as invalid and their children illegitimate. On 25 June, an assembly of lords and commoners endorsed these claims. The following day, Richard III officially began his reign. He was crowned in July. The two young princes disappeared in August and were widely rumoured to have been murdered by Richard. [PAR] The beginning of the end [PAR] A rebellion raised in October by the Duke of Buckingham, Richard's former ally, quickly collapsed. However, Buckingham's defection, along with his supporters, eroded Richard's power and support among the aristocracy and gentry. [PAR] Death of a warrior king [PAR] In August 1485, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who was a Lancastrian claimant to the throne living in France, landed in South Wales. He marched east and engaged Richard in battle on Bosworth Field in Leicestershire on 22 August. Although Richard possessed superior numbers, several of his key lieutenants defected. Refusing to flee, Richard was killed in battle and Henry Tudor took the throne as Henry VII.[DOC] [TLE] Plantagenets - King Richard III House of Plantagenet | King"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard III Society | RICHARD III | HIS LIFE Richard III Society | RICHARD III | HIS LIFE [PAR] A Brief Biography and Introduction to Richard's Reputation [PAR] by Wendy E.A. Moorhen [PAR] What follows is a brief factual biography of Richard III which provides links to more in-depth articles and papers on his life, career and reputation. [PAR] Boyhood [PAR] Fotheringhay Castle by Julian Rowe, [PAR] reproduced by kind permission of Peter Hammond Richard Plantagenet was born on 2 October 1452 at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, the youngest son of Richard, Duke of York, and his wife, the former Cecily Neville. York, a cousin to the reigning King Henry VI, held senior government positions but was unpopular with the Lancastrian regime. York's disputes led to his early death at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460. His eldest son, Edward, seized the throne of England in March the following year and defeated the Lancastrians at Towton on 29 March. [PAR] Middleham Castle \u00a9Geoffrey Wheeler The young king Edward IV now assumed responsibility for the upbringing of his younger siblings who had hitherto experienced an unsettled childhood. The elder son, George, was created duke of Clarence and the younger, Richard, was created duke of Gloucester at the age of eight and entered the household of his cousin, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, to begin his education as a nobleman. This took place primarily at the earl's Yorkshire estates of Middleham and Sheriff Hutton. [PAR] Meanwhile, King Edward clandestinely married a Lancastrian widow in 1464 and thus began to alienate Warwick, his most powerful ally, who had favoured a political match with a European princess. Over the next five years the relationship between king and 'over-mighty' earl deteriorated until civil strife was resumed in 1469 and the following year Edward was driven into exile. One of the causes of their dispute was the marriage of Warwick's elder daughter to Clarence without the king's permission. [PAR] The Young Duke [PAR] The Battle of Barnet \u00a9 Geoffrey Wheeler Richard accompanied Edward to the continent and on their return to England in 1471 the eighteen-year-old duke was given command of the vanguard at the Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury. These battles were resounding Yorkist victories and both Warwick and the Lancastrian heir, Prince Edward of Wales, were killed. The former king, Henry VI, died a few days later in London. [PAR] Richard now assumed the responsibilities of his position. He had been admiral of England since 1461 and he was now appointed constable. King Edward granted Richard many of Warwick's forfeited estates and the following year the duke married Warwick's younger daughter Anne, who was the widow of Prince Edward who was killed at Tewkesbury. [PAR] The Battle of Tewkesbury \u00a9 Geoffrey Wheeler The couple took up residence in the north of England , which King Edward effectively entrusted to his brother, and Richard was created Warden of the West Marches of Scotland. Richard took his duties seriously and held the north against any Scottish incursions. In 1476, Duchess Anne gave birth to their only child, who became known as Edward of Middleham. [PAR] During the remaining years of his brother's reign, Richard of Gloucester rarely left the north. Two such occasions included the invasion of France in 1475 and attending the parliament of 1478 when their brother Clarence was attainted for treason and privately executed. In the summer of 1482, Richard invaded Scotland at King Edward's behest. He was accompanied by the Scots king's brother, the duke of Albany. Richard and Albany marched as far as Edinburgh before Richard strategically"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard III Society | RICHARD III - HIS FAMILY Richard III Society | RICHARD III - HIS FAMILY [PAR] His family [PAR] His Mother - Cecily, Duchess of York [PAR] by Dr Joanna Laynesmith [PAR] (Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de Paris, [PAR] Paris: MS Latin 1158, f. 34v) One of Richard III's most unnatural crimes, according to Tudor propaganda, was his false accusation that his own mother, Cecily Neville, was an adulteress. Polydore Vergil asserted that she 'complanyd afterward in sundry places to right many noblemen \u2026of that great injury'. More recently Michael K Jones has suggested that Edward IV really was a bastard and that Richard's claim to the throne was largely inspired by this fact, abetted by his mother. The nature of Richard's relationship with Cecily remains one of the many mysteries surrounding his accession to the throne. [PAR] [PAR] Of Cecily Neville's last six children, only George and Richard survived infancy. These boys were with her during some of the most traumatic years of her life, as the Lancastrian kingship collapsed and her husband made his unsuccessful bid for the throne of England. She would have supervised their early education, perhaps taught them to read. [PAR] [PAR] Bruges \u2013 home to Richard for a few months In the winter of 1460/61 Yorkist fortunes were at their lowest, with the duke of York's death at Wakefield and the earl of Warwick's defeat at St Albans. For their safety Cecily sent the boys, aged just eleven and eight, to the court of the duke of Burgundy. Her decision to remain in London to defend the interests of her only other surviving son, the eighteen-year-old Edward, Earl of March, indicates her priorities and her ambition for her family. Immediately after their return to England the king's little brothers, like their mother, probably lived within the royal household for several years. Richard may well have been nearly thirteen before he left the regular company of his mother for the household of the earl of Warwick. [PAR] Family Division [PAR] The year 1469 was to prove the first real test in Cecily's relations with her sons. This was the year that George, Duke of Clarence, joined forces with his father-in-law, the earl of Warwick, to rebel against and imprison Edward IV. Richard was steadfastly loyal to Edward in the face of slanders that the king was a bastard. When Clarence and Warwick rebelled again in 1470 to reinstate Henry VI, Richard fled with Edward to Burgundy. But where did Cecily stand? Before Clarence and Warwick set sail for Calais from where they launched their initial rebellion Cecily spent five days with them at Sandwich. Michael Jones has surmised that she had fallen out with Edward and was in favour of the rebellion. Yet only months earlier Edward had named his second daughter after Cecily and as soon as Edward regained his throne in 1471 he took his family to join his mother at Baynard's Castle. [PAR] Cecily the Widow. [PAR] \u00a9 Geoffrey Wheeler My suspicion is that Cecily knew nothing of rebellion but was aware of Clarence's plan to marry Warwick's eldest daughter in defiance of the king. This suggests that for all her loyalty to Edward, Cecily did not always put him entirely before her other sons - she wanted George to marry England's most eligible heiress. [PAR] In 1461 one observer claimed that Cecily 'can rule the king as she pleases'. It appears from surviving correspondence that her relationship with Richard was similar. In 1474 a land dispute arose between servants of Cecily and Richard. When Richard was first informed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) genealogy project - geni.com Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) [PAR] Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) [PAR] International War and Military projects Portal [PAR] Top Surnames [PAR] history [PAR] Wars of the Roses [PAR] The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York (whose heraldic symbols were the \"red\" and the \"white\" rose, respectively) for the throne of England. They were fought in several sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1485, although there was related fighting both before and after this period. The final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor, who defeated the last Yorkist king Richard III and married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York to unite the two houses. The House of Tudor subsequently ruled England and Wales for 117 years. [PAR] Henry of Bolingbroke had established the House of Lancaster on the throne in 1399 when he deposed his cousin Richard II and was crowned as Henry IV. Bolingbroke's son Henry V maintained the family's hold on the crown, but when Henry V died, his heir was the infant Henry VI. The Lancastrian claim to the throne descended from John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the fourth son of Edward III. Henry VI's right to the crown was challenged by Richard, Duke of York, who could claim descent from Edward's third and fifth sons, Lionel of Antwerp and Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York. Richard of York, who had held several important offices of state, quarrelled with prominent Lancastrians at court and with Henry VI's queen, Margaret of Anjou. [PAR] Although armed clashes had occurred previously between supporters of York and Lancaster, the first open fighting broke out in 1455 at the First Battle of St Albans. Several prominent Lancastrians died, but their heirs continued a deadly feud with Richard. Although peace was temporarily restored, the Lancastrians were inspired by Margaret of Anjou to contest York's influence. Fighting resumed more violently in 1459. York and his supporters were forced to flee the country, but one of his most prominent supporters, the Earl of Warwick, invaded England from Calais and captured Henry at the Battle of Northampton. York returned to the country and became Protector of England, but was dissuaded from claiming the throne. Margaret and the irreconcilable Lancastrian nobles gathered their forces in the north of England, and when York moved north to suppress them, he and his second son Edmund were killed at the Battle of Wakefield in December 1460. The Lancastrian army advanced south and recaptured Henry at the Second Battle of St Albans, but failed to occupy London, and subsequently retreated to the north. York's eldest son, Edward, Earl of March, was proclaimed King Edward IV. He gathered the Yorkist armies and won a crushing victory at the Battle of Towton in March 1461. [PAR] After Lancastrian revolts in the north were suppressed in 1464 and Henry was captured once again, Edward fell out with his chief supporter and advisor, the Earl of Warwick (known as the \"Kingmaker\"), and also alienated many friends and even family members by favouring the upstart family of his queen, Elizabeth Woodville, whom he had married in secret. Warwick tried first to supplant Edward with his younger brother George, Duke of Clarence, and then to restore Henry VI to the throne. This resulted in two years of rapid changes of fortune, before Edward IV once again won complete victories at Barnet (April 1471), where Warwick was"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rose | Define Rose at Dictionary.com Rose | Define Rose at Dictionary.com [PAR] any of various related or similar plants. [PAR] 3. [PAR] the flower of any such shrub, of a red, pink, white, or yellow color. [PAR] 4. [PAR] the traditional reddish color of this flower, variously a purplish red, pinkish red, or light crimson. [PAR] 5. [PAR] an ornament shaped like or suggesting this flower. [PAR] 6. [PAR] a pink or pinkish-red color in the cheek. [PAR] 7. [PAR] rose window . [PAR] 8. [PAR] Heraldry. a representation of a wild rose with five petals, usually seeded and barbed in a symmetrical design and used especially as the cadency mark of a seventh son. [PAR] 9. [PAR] any of various diagrams showing directions radiating from a common center, as a compass card or wind rose. [PAR] 10. [PAR] Jewelry. [PAR] an obsolete gem style or cut, flat on the bottom and having an upper side with from 12, or fewer, to 32 triangular facets. [PAR] a gem with this cut. [PAR] 11. [PAR] a perforated cap or plate, as at the end of a pipe or the spout of a watering pot, to break a flow of water into a spray. [PAR] 12. [PAR] an ornamental plate or socket surrounding the shaft of a doorknob at the face of a door. [PAR] 13. [PAR] Mathematics. a plane polar curve consisting of three or more equal loops that meet at the origin. Equation: r = a sin(n\u03b8) or r = a cos(n\u03b8). [PAR] adjective [PAR] Nonstandard. a past participle of rise . [PAR] Rose [PAR] Billy, 1899\u20131966, U.S. theatrical producer. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Peter Edward (\"Pete\"; \"Charlie Hustle\") born 1941, U.S. baseball player. [PAR] 3. [PAR] Mount, a mountain in W Nevada, the highest in the Carson Range. 10,778 feet (3285 meters). [PAR] 4. [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a pink table wine in which the pale color is produced by removing the grape skins from the must before fermentation is completed. [PAR] Origin [PAR] verb (used without object), rose, risen [PAR] [riz-uh n] /\u02c8r\u026az \u0259n/ (Show IPA), rising. [PAR] 1. [PAR] to get up from a lying, sitting, or kneeling posture; assume an upright position: [PAR] She rose and walked over to greet me. With great effort he rose to his knees. [PAR] 2. [PAR] to get up from bed, especially to begin the day after a night's sleep: [PAR] to rise early. [PAR] to become erect and stiff, as the hair in fright. [PAR] 4. [PAR] to get up after falling or being thrown down. [PAR] 5. [PAR] to become active in opposition or resistance; revolt or rebel. [PAR] 6. [PAR] to be built up, erected, or constructed. [PAR] 7. [PAR] to spring up or grow, as plants: [PAR] Weeds rose overnight. [PAR] to become prominent on or project from a surface, as a blister. [PAR] 9. [PAR] to come into existence; appear. [PAR] 10. [PAR] to come into action, as a wind or storm. [PAR] 11. [PAR] A quarrel rose between them. [PAR] 12. [PAR] to originate, issue, or be derived; to have a source. [PAR] 13. [PAR] to move from a lower to a higher position; move upward; ascend: [PAR] The bird rose in the air. [PAR] 14. [PAR] to ascend above the horizon, as a heavenly body. [PAR] 15. [PAR] to extend directly upward; project vertically: [PAR] The tower rises to a height of 60 feet. The building rises above the city's other skyscrapers. [PAR] 16. [PAR] to have an upward slant or curve: [PAR] The path rises as it approaches the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard III (Shakespeare's play) - Questia Online Library List of books and articles about Richard III (Shakespeare's play) | Online Research Library: Questia [PAR] Home \u00bb Browse \u00bb Literature \u00bb Drama \u00bb Shakespeare \u00bb Richard III (Shakespeare's play) [PAR] Richard III (Shakespeare's play) [PAR] Shakespeare, William [PAR] William Shakespeare, 1564\u20131616, English dramatist and poet, b. Stratford-upon-Avon. He is widely considered the greatest playwright who ever lived. [PAR] Life [PAR] His father, John Shakespeare, was successful in the leather business during Shakespeare's early childhood but later met with financial difficulties. During his prosperous years his father was also involved in municipal affairs, holding the offices of alderman and bailiff during the 1560s. While little is known of Shakespeare's boyhood, he probably attended the grammar school in Stratford, where he would have been educated in the classics, particularly Latin grammar and literature. Whatever the veracity of Ben Jonson's famous comment that Shakespeare had \"small Latine, and less Greeke,\" much of his work clearly depends on a knowledge of Roman comedy, ancient history, and classical mythology. [PAR] In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, eight years his senior and pregnant at the time of the marriage. They had three children: Susanna, born in 1583, and twins, Hamnet and Judith, born in 1585. Nothing is known of the period between the birth of the twins and Shakespeare's emergence as a playwright in London (c.1592). However, various suggestions have been made regarding this time, including those that he fled Stratford to avoid prosecution for stealing deer, that he joined a group of traveling players, and that he was a country schoolteacher. The last suggestion is given some credence by the academic style of his early plays; The Comedy of Errors, for example, is an adaptation of two plays by Plautus. [PAR] In 1594 Shakespeare became an actor and playwright for the Lord Chamberlain's Men, the company that later became the King's Men under James I. Until the end of his London career Shakespeare remained with the company; it is thought that as an actor he played old men's roles, such as the ghost in Hamlet and Old Adam in As You Like It. In 1596 he obtained a coat of arms, and by 1597 he was prosperous enough to buy New Place in Stratford, which later was the home of his retirement years. In 1599 he became a partner in the ownership of the Globe theatre, and in 1608 he was part owner of the Blackfriars theatre. Shakespeare retired and returned to Stratford c.1613. He undoubtedly enjoyed a comfortable living throughout his career and in retirement, although he was never a wealthy man. [PAR] The Plays [PAR] Chronology of Composition [PAR] The chronology of Shakespeare's plays is uncertain, but a reasonable approximation of their order can be inferred from dates of publication, references in contemporary writings, allusions in the plays to contemporary events, thematic relationships, and metrical and stylistic comparisons. His first plays are believed to be the three parts of Henry VI; it is uncertain whether Part I was written before or after Parts II and III. Richard III is related to these plays and is usually grouped with them as the final part of a first tetralogy of historical plays. [PAR] After these come The Comedy of Errors,Titus Andronicus (almost a third of which may have been written by George Peele ), The Taming of the Shrew,The Two Gentlemen of Verona,Love's Labour's Lost, and Romeo and Juliet. Some of the comedies of this early period are classical imitations with a strong element of farce. The two tragedies, Titus Andronicus and Romeo and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard III Richard III [PAR] Richard III [PAR] In 1399, the English Crown changed hands. The childless Richard II, last king in an unbroken line of descent since the Norman Conquest, was deposed and murdered by his cousin Henry of Bolingbroke, who became King Henry IV. The Lancastrian kings - Henry IV, Henry V of Agincourt fame, and Henry VI - descended from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the third surviving son of Edward III. The heirs of Richard II, stemming from Lionel, Duke of Clarence and Edward, Duke of York, the second and fourth sons of Edward III, were disinherited from the throne. [PAR] When Henry V died in 1422, his son Henry was an infant of nine months. A regency directed by a council of leading peers and churchmen were put in place until Henry VI came of age to rule. As was the case with a royal minority, Henry's childhood and youth were dominated by squabbling nobles determined to control the young king. Unfortunately, Henry VI remained governed by various groups throughout his adult life. [PAR] Richard Plantagenet, was born on the 2nd of October, 1452 at Fotheringhay Castle. His father, the Duke of York, the heir of Richard II, possessed a better claim to the English throne than did Henry VI. His mother, Cecily Neville, known as \"The Rose of Raby\" was a member of the numerous and powerful Neville family. [PAR] When Richard was a young child, the political scene in England changed. Henry VI spent large parts of his reign in a catatonic state, unable to recognize his chief ministers or govern the kingdom. The Duke of York, as the leading peer of the realm, was appointed Protector while the king was in a catatonic state. [PAR] Meanwhile, Henry's French queen, Margaret of Anjou, established her own court party and was jealous of the Duke of York's power and position. She pursued a policy that deliberately alienated the Duke and deprived him of a role and voice in the government. [PAR] Margaret, by her partisan politics, made the mistake of attaching the English crown to a faction. Thus, families such as the Nevilles, who were unable to get impartial justice from the king, turned to the Duke of York to redress their local grievances. It was in this fashion that York, who was positioned as a reformer, built his support. [PAR] At the Battle of St. Albans , matters came to a head. Over the next five years, the Duke of York's family lived in a state of uncertainty and risk, their fortunes changing with each battle. In 1459, York was defeated at Ludlow and fled to Ireland. Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, and York's eldest son, Edward, escaped to Calais in France. The Duke of York claimed the throne; and in December of 1460, York, and his seventeen year old son, Edmund, Duke of Rutland were ambushed and killed at the Battle of Wakefield . The Yorkists accepted York's eldest son, Edward of March as king. He cemented his title by soundly defeating the Lancastrians at Towton thus deposing Henry VI. During the struggle, Richard, along with his brother, George, were sent to the Netherlands for their safety. [PAR] Richard and George returned back to England. Edward IV created George, Duke of Clarence, and shortly thereafter, Richard, was created Duke of Gloucester. In November of 1461, Richard was sent to Middleham Castle in North Yorkshire to begin his knightly training under his cousin, Richard Neville, known as the \"Kingmaker\". Richard spent the next three years of his life beginning his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in ... Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in battle -Timeline - University of Leicester [PAR] Who was Richard III? [PAR] A Plantagenet primer on the last English king to die in battle. [PAR] Although he only ruled for two years \u2013 from 1483 to 1485 \u2013 Richard III stands out among his peers as one of the most famous (or infamous) Kings of England. But who was he? And why does he continue to inspire such interest? [PAR] Richard was born in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire on 2 October 1452 \u2013 about 30 miles (50km) from Leicester and only about 40 miles (65km - two days\u2019 ride) from Bosworth where he met his end a third of a century later. Richard and his older brother Edward were the great-great-grandchildren of Edward III, a line of descent which was used to justify the claim to the throne by the House of York during the Wars of the Roses (the House of Lancaster was also descended from Edward III, via a different route). [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878. [PAR] Edward ruled as King Edward IV from 1461 until 1470 and again from 1471 until his death in 1483, when his 12-year-old son succeeded as Edward V, with Richard named Lord Protector. Young Edward and his brother moved into the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace, not a prison) but in June their parents\u2019 marriage was declared invalid, making the princes illegitimate and hence their uncle became the heir apparent. Richard lost no time in being crowned King Richard III and the two boys were not seen again. [PAR] Thus began the legend of \u2018the Princes in the Tower\u2019 and a long-standing popular belief that Richard had his nephews murdered in order to remove any competing claim to the throne. This has been widely debated for many years, with passionate arguments made both for and against Richard. [PAR] Death and disappearance [PAR] After defeating an unsuccessful rebellion in October 1483, Richard led his army to Bosworth in Leicestershire two years later to face Henry Tudor (whose somewhat tenuous claim to the throne was also through descent from Edward III). On 22 August 1485, Richard was killed at Bosworth Field, the last English King to die in battle, thereby bringing to an end both the Plantagenet dynasty and the Wars of the Roses. Henry Tudor was crowned King Henry VII. [PAR] Richard\u2019s body was brought back to Leicester, publicly displayed and then given for burial to a group of Franciscan friars. An alabaster tomb monument was constructed over the grave in 1495, paid for by the new King. With the dissolution of the monasteries (by Henry Tudor\u2019s son, Henry VIII) that friary disappeared and along with it any clear record of Richard\u2019s grave. Stories and rumours about where Richard\u2019s mortal remains lie \u2013 or what happened to them \u2013 have circulated over the ensuing centuries, but most of these have subsequently been shown to be tall tales. [PAR] Re-evaluating Richard [PAR] Portrait of Richard III of England, painted c. 1520 (approximate date from tree-rings on panel), after a lost original, for the Paston family, now owned by the Society of Antiquaries, London. [PAR] History, they say, is written by the victors. Tudor writers and artists had no qualms about depicting Richard III as an evil tyrant and child-murderer, as well as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in ... Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in battle -Timeline - University of Leicester [PAR] Who was Richard III? [PAR] A Plantagenet primer on the last English king to die in battle. [PAR] Although he only ruled for two years \u2013 from 1483 to 1485 \u2013 Richard III stands out among his peers as one of the most famous (or infamous) Kings of England. But who was he? And why does he continue to inspire such interest? [PAR] Richard was born in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire on 2 October 1452 \u2013 about 30 miles (50km) from Leicester and only about 40 miles (65km - two days\u2019 ride) from Bosworth where he met his end a third of a century later. Richard and his older brother Edward were the great-great-grandchildren of Edward III, a line of descent which was used to justify the claim to the throne by the House of York during the Wars of the Roses (the House of Lancaster was also descended from Edward III, via a different route). [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Princes in the Tower [PAR] The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878. [PAR] Edward ruled as King Edward IV from 1461 until 1470 and again from 1471 until his death in 1483, when his 12-year-old son succeeded as Edward V, with Richard named Lord Protector. Young Edward and his brother moved into the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace, not a prison) but in June their parents\u2019 marriage was declared invalid, making the princes illegitimate and hence their uncle became the heir apparent. Richard lost no time in being crowned King Richard III and the two boys were not seen again. [PAR] Thus began the legend of \u2018the Princes in the Tower\u2019 and a long-standing popular belief that Richard had his nephews murdered in order to remove any competing claim to the throne. This has been widely debated for many years, with passionate arguments made both for and against Richard. [PAR] Death and disappearance [PAR] After defeating an unsuccessful rebellion in October 1483, Richard led his army to Bosworth in Leicestershire two years later to face Henry Tudor (whose somewhat tenuous claim to the throne was also through descent from Edward III). On 22 August 1485, Richard was killed at Bosworth Field, the last English King to die in battle, thereby bringing to an end both the Plantagenet dynasty and the Wars of the Roses. Henry Tudor was crowned King Henry VII. [PAR] Richard\u2019s body was brought back to Leicester, publicly displayed and then given for burial to a group of Franciscan friars. An alabaster tomb monument was constructed over the grave in 1495, paid for by the new King. With the dissolution of the monasteries (by Henry Tudor\u2019s son, Henry VIII) that friary disappeared and along with it any clear record of Richard\u2019s grave. Stories and rumours about where Richard\u2019s mortal remains lie \u2013 or what happened to them \u2013 have circulated over the ensuing centuries, but most of these have subsequently been shown to be tall tales. [PAR] Re-evaluating Richard [PAR] Portrait of Richard III of England, painted c. 1520 (approximate date from tree-rings on panel), after a lost original, for the Paston family, now owned by the Society of Antiquaries, London. [PAR] History, they say, is written by the victors. Tudor writers and artists had no qualms about depicting Richard III as an evil tyrant and child-murderer, as well as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Romantic Latin Quotes and Phrases - The Bookmark Shop Romantic Latin Quotes and Phrases [PAR] Romantic Latin Quotes and Phrases [PAR] [PAR] Te amo \"I love you\" [PAR] Ab imo pectore \"From the bottom of my heart\" [PAR] Nunc scio quid sit amor \"Now I know what love is\" [PAR] Una in perpetuum \"Together forever\" [PAR] Amor vincit omnia \"Love conquers all\" [PAR] Apudne te vel me? \"Your place or mine?\" [PAR] Nunc scio quid sit amor \"Now I know what love is\" [PAR] Semper fidelis \"Always faithful\" [PAR] Amor animi arbitrio sumitur, non ponitur \"We choose to love, we do not choose to cease loving\" (Syrus) [PAR] Amor caecus est \"Love is blind\" [PAR] In perpetuum et unum diem \"Forever and a Day\" [PAR] Amor meus amplior quam verba est \"My love is more than words\" [PAR] Amor gignit amorem \"Love creates love\" [PAR] Amor est vitae essentia \"Love is the essence of life\" (Robert B. Mackay) [PAR] Omnia vincit amor; et nos cedamus amori \"Love conquers all things; let us too surrender to love\" (Vergil) [PAR] Quos amor verus tenuit, tenebit \"True love will hold on to those whom it has held\" (Seneca) [PAR] Si vis amari, ama \"If you wish to be loved, love\" (Seneca) [PAR] Amor sempiternus \"Eternal Love\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alex Haley , 70, Author of 'Roots,' Dies - The New York Times Alex Haley, 70, Author of 'Roots,' Dies [PAR] Alex Haley, 70, Author of 'Roots,' Dies [PAR] By ERIC PACE [PAR] Alex Haley, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of \"Roots: The Saga of an American Family,\" which chronicled his ancestors' origins in Africa and their passage from slavery to freedom in America, died yesterday at Swedish Hospital Medical Center in Seattle. He was 70 years old and had homes in Knoxville, Tenn., Norris, Tenn., and Seattle. [PAR] He died of cardiac arrest, said a spokeswoman for the hospital, Jane Ann Wilder. Mr. Haley's son, William Alexander Haley, said at a news conference in Seattle yesterday that his father had apparently suffered a heart attack and been taken to the hospital by ambulance. He was scheduled to speak today at the Bangor Naval Submarine Base at Bremerton, Wash., 15 miles from Seattle. [PAR] \"Roots,\" which was published in 1976, spurred an interest in genealogy among Americans of many ethnic heritages. The ABC television mini-series fashioned from the book attracted millions of viewers early in 1977. [PAR] Sharing a Legacy [PAR] The work, based in part on research in Africa, began with Mr. Haley's creative depiction of the birth of one of his ancestors, Kunta Kinte: \"Early in the spring of 1750, in the village of Juffure, four days upriver from the coast of The Gambia, West Africa, a manchild was born to Omoro and Binta Kinte. Forcing forth from Binta's strong young body, he was black as she was, and he was bawling.\" [PAR] The book ended with an account of the burial of Mr. Haley's father, and the author's affirming \"the hope that this story of our people can help to alleviate the legacies of the fact that preponderantly the histories have been written by the winners.\" [PAR] Marly Rusoff, the executive director of publicity for Doubleday, which originally published the book, said yesterday that more than 1.5 million copies of \"Roots\" had been published in hard cover, including book club editions, and that more than 4 million copies of the Dell paperback edition had been sold. [PAR] In addition, the book has been published in more than two dozen foreign countries, said John Hawkins, who heads the literary agency representing Mr. Haley. [PAR] The ABC mini-series of \"Roots,\" first broadcast in January 1977, still ranks among the 100 highest-rated programs. According to Nielsen Media Research, its eight episodes reached average audiences that ranged from 28.8 million households to 36.3 million households. The sequel, \"Roots: The Next Generation,\" was broadcast in February 1979 and also drew large audiences. [PAR] The cast of the 1977 mini-series, produced by David L. Wolper Productions, included LeVar Burton, Ben Vereen, John Amos, Leslie Uggams, Maya Angelou, Cicely Tyson, Edward Asner, Harry Rhodes and Robert Reed. The writer and television historian Les Brown wrote that the mini-series \"emptied theaters, filled bars, caused social events to be canceled and was the talk of the nation during the eight consecutive nights it played on ABC.\" [PAR] Gratitude and Challenges [PAR] Speaking of his writing's impact, Mr. Haley said in a radio interview last month, \"To this day, people, particularly African-American people but white people as well, will just totally, unexpectedly walk up and not say a word, just walk up and hug you and then say 'Thank you.' \" [PAR] But the history of \"Roots\" was not untroubled. Lisa Drew, the book's editor at Doubleday, said yesterday that two copyright infringement suits had been filed against Mr. Haley. One was dismissed, she said, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. | Josh ... No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. | Josh Mitteldorf [PAR] No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Josh Mitteldorf [PAR] Friends often look at me quizzically when I tell them this. One says, \u201cBut I can feel myself wearing down.\u201d And another: \u201cNothing works the way it used to. Isn\u2019t that the definition of wearing out?\u201d And again: \u201cDo you mean it\u2019s all in my head, it\u2019s not really happening?\u201d and then a moment later, \u201cdo you mean it doesn\u2019t have to be this way?\u201d [PAR] This last formulation is getting a little closer to what I mean. [PAR] Of course, loss of function with age is not just in your imagination, and it is very common (though not universal!) in the Animal Kingdom. But aging is not caused by wearing down. It is more accurately an orderly program of self-destruction, orchestrated by gene expression. Some aspects of aging appear as accumulated damage (e.g. cartilage worn away from joints, or build-up of cross-linked sugar-protein complexes), but on closer inspection even these are seen to be entirely avoidable consequences of the body shutting down its repair systems. [PAR] This column is devoted to the reasoning and the evidence that tells us aging cannot be, at root, a process of wear and accumulated damage. First, the theory: why there is no physical necessity for aging; second, a few examples of animals that age very slowly or not at all, and others that age super-fast; third, some familiar facts and a few unfamiliar facts about aging that tell us \u201cwearing out\u201d does not provide a helpful perspective. [PAR] [PAR] 1. The Physical Theory, and Why it Doesn\u2019t Apply to Living Things [PAR] There is no physical necessity for aging. [PAR] Man\u2019s earliest conception of aging was that the process was akin to physical wear and tear. Knives get dull \u2013 why shouldn\u2019t our teeth? Wheels get rusty and squeak when they turn \u2013 isn\u2019t that what happens to our joints? Water pipes fill with sediment over the years, just like our sclerotic arteries. It\u2019s a theory with a great deal of intuitive appeal. [PAR] But the analogy between living body andmachine is flawed. Living things are fundamentally homeostatic. They can repair themselves. They build themselves from a single egg cell, and simple animals can rebuild when damaged. A car takes in energy in the form of gasoline and uses the energy to propel itself forward. An animal takes in energy in the form of food and uses it to perform all the feats of metabolism, locomotion, foraging, signal processing, and evasion of predators; and a small portion of that energy is devoted to the \u201ccapital budget\u201d: breaking down and rebuilding damaged tissues; replicating cells; looking for copying errors in DNA and setting them right, detecting malformed protein molecules, breaking them down into constituent peptides for recycling into new molecules. This small part of the energy budget is all that is needed to keep the system in good repair indefinitely. [PAR] The Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy (disorder, degeneration, damage) must increase in any isolated physical system. But living systems are not isolated. Living things draw free energy* from their environment, use it internally, then dump waste entropy back into the environment. [PAR] This isn\u2019t some lucky feature, tacked on to living bodies, rescuing them from an ironclad law of physics. The capacity for homeostasis is built into the form and function"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What happened to the British billion? When did 100,000,000 ... What happened to the British billion? When did 100,000,000 become accepted as a billion over here? And where does this leave the trillion? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk [PAR] What happened to the British billion? When did 100,000,000 become accepted as a billion over here? And where does this leave the trillion? [PAR] Jonny Cohen, Leeds, UK [PAR] In 1975 Chancellor Denis Healey announced that the treasury would adopt the US billion thenceforth. Presuambly at the same time what was a billion became a trillion - after all, UK inflation was at its highest whilst he was the incumbent of Number 11! [PAR] Jeff Vagg, Beckenham, UK [PAR] I'm afraid it's a function of so many people being both illiterate and innumerate. [PAR] David Pollard, Croydon, England [PAR] The British billion is 1000,000,000 as elsewhere. The 'old' billion was 1000,000,000,000; this is now the trillion. For global communication uniformity is essential. This has been demonstrated by the loss of time and hardware in space when metric units were misinterpreted as 'imperial'. [PAR] Mike Abram, Lincoln, England [PAR] I think it happened about the same time as Mrs Thatcher finally flogged our dignity off to America. I still maintain the 'proper' billion ... but then I still write: 'connexion'! [PAR] Stewart, Istanbul, Turkey [PAR] I have to point out that the question itself is wrong - 1,000,000,000 is accepted as a billion over here, not 100,000,000 as the author has stated. [PAR] Chris, London, England [PAR] Not sure about this, but I think the British equivalent, now redundant, of the US billion (one thousand million) was a milliard. The British billion would have been one million million - the same as the US, and now universal, trillion. [PAR] Dave McNamee, London, England [PAR] Never - 100,000,000 is one hundred million. The American billion is one thousand million: 1,000,000,000. The trillion is also the American version now - one thousand billion. [PAR] Gordon Rutter, Edinburgh, Scotland [PAR] I'm pretty sure that the 'British' billion was 1,000,000,000,000 (ie a million million) whereas the US one that has now been adopted is 1,000,000,000 (a thousand million). [PAR] Max Wurr, Stanmore, England [PAR] To Americans and the French, a billion means a thousand millions (1,000,000,000, or 10 to the ninth, what some British call a milliard, a term that seems never to have been widely accepted). [PAR] To the British, including the Empire and the Commonwealth, billion has long meant a million millions (1,000,000,000,000, or 10 to the twelfth), what Americans call a trillion. [PAR] It was to avoid this ambiguity that scientists, technical writers, and others to whom a few zeros more or less might make a difference, came to avoid the words altogether and refer to a thousand millions or a million millions when the use of numerals was not appropriate. Gradually, however, the American version began to predominate. [PAR] Fowler merely noted the difference in Modern English Usage in 1926, but the second edition (1965) lamented: It is a pity we [the British] do not conform. The third (1996) observes that since 1951 the American usage has been increasing in Britain in technical writing and journalism but that the older sense is still common. In the past decade, the British government has been using the terms in the American sense in official publications. [PAR] The same ambiguity exists as to trillion (to Americans, a thousand thousand millions, or 10 to the 12th; to the British, a million million millions, or 10 to the 18th) and quadrillion (to Americans, a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Innsbruck - | Limousine Dolomiti Innsbruck - | Limousine Dolomiti | [PAR] Booking [PAR] Innsbruck [PAR] Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. Which is the capital of the historic region of Tyrol, situated about 600metres above sea level, with a population of about 118,902. [PAR] Innsbruck is the 5th biggest Austrian region after Vienna, Graz, Linz and Salsburg. Innsbruck offers many beautiful tourist attractions such as the Swarowski museum and the Alpine zoo. [PAR] It also offers a variety of night life."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sainsbury's TU Clothing - dooyoo.co.uk Sainsbury's TU Clothing Clothing product reviews and price comparison [PAR] Disadvantages [PAR] TU clothing range from Sainsbury's is affordable and good quality [PAR] I used to think that clothes bought from a supermarket would not be the best quality but I really love the TU range at Sainsbury's and I thoroughly enjoy a look round the fashion section before doing my twice weekly shop. [PAR] They have great sales and also about every four to six weeks the whole range is marked down by 25% which is a fantastic saving. [PAR] I have purchased many items for my family from the TU range and always find them to be really good quality and good with the sizing. There is always something new in store every time I visit and even when I cannot afford to buy I get pleasure looking to see what is available and hoping that when the sale comes along they will still have what I like the look of when I have some cash to spare. [PAR] I also love the Gok Wan range and very impressed with the quality of his clothes and also those from the normal TU range. [PAR] I have purchased several items of clothing all of which wash well, look great and also I am getting lots of wear out of them. [PAR] I do occasionally buy something I really need at full price because the clothes are very reasonable but being the bargain hunter I am, I get great satisfaction from snapping up a lower priced item. They have something for everyone and for all occasions which makes it an ideal place to get affordable good quality clothes. [PAR] Women, men and kids are all catered for and also the shoe range is good too although the men's section does not seem to have many shoes apart from canvas shoes and trainers. [PAR] I would recommend the TU clothing range to anyone looking for clothes that are good quality for a low price.[DOC] [TLE] Women's fashion chain New Look, clothing, news Women's fashion chain New Look, clothing, news [PAR] Click here for the Latest Fashion news [PAR] on FashionUnited.co.uk [PAR] [PAR] New Look news and facts history [PAR] New Look is a chain of high street shops in Britain, Belgium, France and the Republic of Ireland. It is known for its value-based approach to retailing and its core products are clothing, lingerie and shoes. [PAR] Click here to view the list of the last related news items, published by FashionUnited in the fashion news archive. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] New Look sale stalled [PAR] The sale of New Look is thought to have collapsed yesterday after bidders refused to meet a \u00a31.8bn reserve price set by its private equity owners. The Financial Times said the two remaining bidders for New Look pulled out ahead of Tuesday's auction, leaving the retailer having to pursue a refinancing instead. Warburg Pincus, which has teamed up with TPG Capital, and BC Partners withdrew from the process on Monday night, having failed to meet Apax's and Permira's 2 bln stg valuation of the business, according to the paper. [PAR] [PAR] Goldman denies interest in New Look [PAR] Investment bank Goldman Sachs has adamantly denied the rumour that it is interested in purchasing the New Look fashion chain and has publicly refuted claims that is was entering the bidding for it. The bank's executives are said to be irate at the suspected involvement of Merrill Lynch, whom they suspect started the rumours in more an attempt to garner more interest"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Citrus County chronicle - University of Florida Citrus County chronicle [PAR] Citrus County chronicle [PAR] Scofield Pub. Co. ( Inverness, Fla., Inverness, Fla ) [PAR] Publication Date: [PAR] All applicable rights reserved by the source institution and holding location. [PAR] Resource Identifier: [PAR] Full Text [PAR] PAGE 1 [PAR] MAY 13, 2014Floridas Best Community Newspaper Serving Floridas Best CommunityVOL. 119 ISSUE 279 50 CITRUS COUNTYNBA Playoffs: Nets look to tie series with Miami /B1 www.chronicleonline.com INDEX Classifieds . . . .C10 Comics . . . . .C9 Community . .C6, C7 Crossword . . . .C8 Editorial . . . .A10 Entertainment . . .A4 Horoscope . . . .A4 Lottery Numbers . .B3 Lottery Payouts . .B3 Movies . . . . . .C9 Obituaries . . . .A6 TV Listings . . . .C8 HIGH90LOW70Mostly cloudy to partly cloudy Isolated showers.PAGE A4TODAY& next morning TUESDAY Gov. Scott approves three sales tax holidays Associated PressORLANDO Florida Gov. Rick Scott on Monday signed into law a wide-ranging tax cut package that authorizes three separate sales tax holidays in the next few months. The bill includes a nineday sales tax holiday for hurricane preparation supplies. Starting May 31, Floridians can purchase: batteries,flashlights, tarps,and generators worth $750 or less without having to pay the states 6 percent sales tax. The legislation also authorizes a three-day back-to-school sales tax holiday in August. Under the bill (HB 5601), shoppers would not have to pay sales taxes on: clothes worth $100 or less,school supplies worth $15 or less or on the first $750 of the cost of a personal computer. This holiday will be held Aug. 1 to 3. The third sales tax holiday will be held Sept. 19 to 21 on the purchase of energyefficient appliances costing $1,500 or less. The tax cut package is a portion of roughly $500 million worth of tax and fee cuts that were approved this spring by the Florida Legislature. Editors note: This is the part of an occasional Then and Now series spotlighting historic buildings around Citrus County, what they were originally and what they are used for now.NANCYKENNEDY Staff writerINVERNESSBefore it was the Supervisor of Elections office, 112 N. Apopka Ave. in downtown Inverness was the site of one of the last privately owned Coca-Cola bottling plants. And it was part of Inverness native Claire Jenkins childhood. My grandparents came here from South Carolina and started the Coke plant, Mrs. Jenkins said. Her grandfather, W.T. Baxley, and his wife, Pearl, came to Citrus County and started a tiny bottling plant in Hernando in 1906. I remember Mama telling me that theyd wash the bottles in the lake, Mrs. Jenkins said. In 1914, Baxley moved his operation to Inverness, behind his house on North Pine Street. There was a path behind my grandmothers house that went back to the Coke plant. My grandmother would walk there, and my friends and I would play at her house and walk to the Coke plant after school, Mrs. Jenkins said. The building on North Apopka, with the red Coca-Cola logo over the door, was built in 1932 by Bert Vaughan for a little more than $6,000. Originally, the white stucco building was red brick. The stucco was added in 1952 to match an addition to the building, added sometime in the 1940s. According to a 1932 Chronicleaccount: The new Coca-Cola plant recently constructed here for Mrs. Pearl Baxley not only is one of the nicest buildings in the city, but that the grounds surrounding it are kept in excellent shape, the lawns nicely trimmed, and there is to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] shirr - definition and meaning - Wordnik.com shirr - definition and meaning [PAR] shirr [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] transitive v. To gather (cloth) into decorative rows by parallel stitching. [PAR] transitive v. To cook (unshelled eggs) by baking until set. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] v. (sewing) To make gathers in textiles by drawing together parallel threads. [PAR] v. To bake (a raw egg removed from its shell) in a baking dish. [PAR] n. A shirring. [PAR] from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English [PAR] n. A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as to make the material between them set full by gatherings; -- called also shirring, and gauging. [PAR] from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia [PAR] To pucker or draw up (a fabric or a part of a fabric) by means of parallel gathering-threads: as, to shirr an apron. [PAR] In cookery, to poach (eggs) in cream instead of water. [PAR] n. A puckering or fulling produced in a fabric by means of parallel gathering-threads. [PAR] n. One of the threads of india-rubber woven into cloth or ribbon to make it elastic. [PAR] from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. [PAR] v. bake (eggs) in their shells until they are set [PAR] Etymologies [PAR] from The American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition [PAR] Origin unknown. [PAR] from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License [PAR] Unknown. [PAR] Examples [PAR] We pulled into the parking lot with a shirr of tires over sand, cut the engine, and while the engine ticked and the offshore breeze rattled the palms behind us, we drank our coffee, looked through the windshield at the beach, and tried to get stoked."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rhodesia | region, south-central Africa | Britannica.com Rhodesia | region, south-central Africa | Britannica.com [PAR] region, south-central Africa [PAR] Africa [PAR] Rhodesia, region, south-central Africa, now divided into Zimbabwe in the south and Zambia in the north. Named after British colonial administrator Cecil Rhodes , it was administered by the British South Africa Company in the 19th century and exploited mostly for its gold, copper, and coal deposits. In 1911 it was divided into Northern and Southern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively); Southern Rhodesia became a self-governing British colony (1923) and Northern Rhodesia a British protectorate (1924). They joined with Nyasaland to become the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953\u201363). See also Malawi . [PAR] From 1964 to 1979, Rhodesia was the name used by the former Southern Rhodesia , first as a British colony (1964\u201365), then as a self-declared independent country without international recognition (1965\u201379). [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Malawi [PAR] landlocked country in southeastern Africa. A country endowed with spectacular highlands and extensive lakes, it occupies a narrow, curving strip of land along the East African Rift Valley. Lake Nyasa, known in Malawi as Lake Malawi, accounts for more than one-fifth of the country\u2019s total... [PAR] Zimbabwe [PAR] landlocked country of southern Africa. It shares a 125-mile (200-kilometre) border on the south with the Republic of South Africa and is bounded on the southwest and west by Botswana, on the north by Zambia, and on the northeast and east by Mozambique. The capital is Harare (formerly called... [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: March 24, 2009 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Rhodesia [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Northern Rhodesia (Zambia pre-independence) - CRW Flags Northern Rhodesia (Zambia pre-independence) [PAR] This page is part of \u00a9 FOTW Flags Of The World website [PAR] Northern Rhodesia (Zambia pre-independence) [PAR] Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland [PAR] Background [PAR] The pre-colonial history of what was to become Northern Rhodesia at the end of the 19th century is fragmentary and based largely on tribal oral tradition. Later early European explorers, such as Dr Lacarda who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thermodynamics - NASA Thermodynamics [PAR] + Contact Glenn [PAR] Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the energy and work of a system. It was born in the 19th century as scientists were first discovering how to build and operate steam engines. Thermodynamics deals only with the large scale response of a system which we can observe and measure in experiments. Small scale gas interactions are described by the kinetic theory of gases. The methods complement each other; some principles are more easily understood in terms of thermodynamics and some principles are more easily explained by kinetic theory. [PAR] There are three principal laws of thermodynamics which are described on separate slides. Each law leads to the definition of thermodynamic properties which help us to understand and predict the operation of a physical system. We will present some simple examples of these laws and properties for a variety of physical systems, although we are most interested in thermodynamics in the study of propulsion systems and high speed flows. Fortunately, many of the classical examples of thermodynamics involve gas dynamics. Unfortunately, the numbering system for the three laws of thermodynamics is a bit confusing. We begin with the zeroth law. [PAR] The zeroth law of thermodynamics involves some simple definitions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermodynamic equilibrium leads to the large scale definition of temperature, as opposed to the small scale definition related to the kinetic energy of the molecules. The first law of thermodynamics relates the various forms of kinetic and potential energy in a system to the work which a system can perform and to the transfer of heat. This law is sometimes taken as the definition of internal energy, and introduces an additional state variable, enthalpy. The first law of thermodynamics allows for many possible states of a system to exist. But experience indicates that only certain states occur. This leads to the second law of thermodynamics and the definition of another state variable called entropy . The second law stipulates that the total entropy of a system plus its environment can not decrease; it can remain constant for a reversible process but must always increase for an irreversible process. [PAR] Activities: [PAR] Thermodynamics:[DOC] [TLE] Thermodynamics > ENGINEERING.com Thermodynamics > ENGINEERING.com [PAR] is the heat transferred to the system during the process [PAR] is the change in internal energy [PAR] is the change in kinetic energy [PAR] is the change in potential energy [PAR] is the work done by the system during the process [PAR] [PAR] Second Law of Thermodynamics [PAR] The second law defines the direction in which a specific thermal process can take place. The second law of thermodynamics states that it impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no effect other than the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter body. The second law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of entropy, as it introduces the important property called entropy. Entropy can be thought of as a measure of how close a system is to equilibrium; it can also be thought of as a measure of the disorder in the system. [PAR] [PAR] Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle [PAR] One of the applications that involves thermodynamic principles is the refrigerator. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the components found in a typical refrigerator. [PAR] The refrigerant enters the compressor as a slightly superheated vapor at a low pressure. It then leaves the compressor and enters the condenser as a vapor at some elevated pressure, where the refrigerant is condensed as a result of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Walk | Define Walk at Dictionary.com Walk | Define Walk at Dictionary.com [PAR] walk [PAR] verb (used without object) [PAR] 1. [PAR] to advance or travel on foot at a moderate speed or pace; proceed by steps; move by advancing the feet alternately so that there is always one foot on the ground in bipedal locomotion and two or more feet on the ground in quadrupedal locomotion. [PAR] 2. [PAR] to move about or travel on foot for exercise or pleasure: [PAR] We can walk in the park after lunch. [PAR] 3. [PAR] (of things) to move in a manner suggestive of walking, as through repeated vibrations or the effect of alternate expansion and contraction: [PAR] He typed so hard that the lamp walked right off the desk. [PAR] 4. [PAR] Baseball. to receive a base on balls. [PAR] 5. [PAR] to go on strike; stage a walkout: [PAR] The miners will walk unless they get a pay raise. [PAR] to be acquitted or to be released or fined rather than sentenced to jail: [PAR] If the prosecutor doesn't present his case well, the murderer may walk. [PAR] 6. [PAR] to go about on the earth, or appear to living persons, as a ghost: [PAR] to believe that spirits walk at night. [PAR] 7. [PAR] (of a tool, pointer, or pen of a recording device, etc.) to glide, slip, or move from a straight course, fixed position, or the like: [PAR] A regular drill bit may walk on a plastic surface when you first try to make a hole. When the earthquake started, the pen on the seismograph walked all over the paper. [PAR] 8. [PAR] to conduct oneself in a particular manner; pursue a particular course of life: [PAR] to walk humbly with thy God. [PAR] 9. [PAR] Basketball. (of a player in possession of the ball) to take more than two steps without dribbling or passing the ball. [PAR] 10. [PAR] Obsolete. to be in motion or action. [PAR] verb (used with object) [PAR] to proceed through, over, or upon at a moderate pace on foot: [PAR] walking London streets by night; walking the floor all night. [PAR] 12. [PAR] to cause to walk; lead, drive, or ride at a walk, as an animal: [PAR] We walked our horses the last quarter of a mile. [PAR] 13. [PAR] to force or help to walk, as a person: [PAR] They were walking him around the room soon after his operation. [PAR] 14. [PAR] to conduct or accompany on a walk: [PAR] He walked them about the park. [PAR] 15. [PAR] to move (a box, trunk, or other object) in a manner suggestive of walking , as by a rocking motion. [PAR] 16. [PAR] Baseball. (of a pitcher) to give a base on balls to (a batter). [PAR] 17. [PAR] to spend or pass (time) in walking (often followed by away): [PAR] We walked the morning away along the beach. [PAR] 18. [PAR] to cause or accomplish by walking : [PAR] We saw them walking guard over the chain gang. [PAR] 19. [PAR] to examine, measure, etc., by traversing on foot: [PAR] to walk a track; to walk the boundaries of the property. [PAR] 20. [PAR] Basketball. to advance (the ball) by taking more than two steps without dribbling or passing. [PAR] 21. [PAR] Informal. to send (a person who has a reservation at a hotel) to another hotel because of overbooking: [PAR] It's exasperating to find yourself walked when you arrive at a hotel late in the evening. [PAR] noun [PAR] an act or instance of walking"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Princess Margaret Dies at 71; Sister of Queen Elizabeth ... Princess Margaret Dies at 71; Sister of Queen Elizabeth Had a Troubled Life - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] World |Princess Margaret Dies at 71; Sister of Queen Elizabeth Had a Troubled Life [PAR] Search [PAR] Princess Margaret Dies at 71; Sister of Queen Elizabeth Had a Troubled Life [PAR] By JOSEPH R. GREGORY [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Correction Appended [PAR] Princess Margaret, the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II, whose troubled private life aroused both worldwide sympathy and widespread reprobation, died yesterday morning in London. She was 71. [PAR] She suffered a stroke on Friday afternoon, the latest in a series that had left her partly paralyzed in recent months, and developed heart problems overnight, Buckingham Palace said. [PAR] The queen announced the death ''with great sadness,'' according to a statement from the palace. [PAR] Prime Minister Tony Blair, who is touring West Africa, said he was ''deeply saddened.'' [PAR] Attractive and fun-loving, Princess Margaret earned a reputation in her youth as a free spirit. But her 20's were clouded by an unlucky romance with Group Capt. Peter Townsend of the Royal Air Force, a Battle of Britain hero with whom she fell in love when he served as an equerry to her father, King George VI. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] A Daunting Hurdle: Divorce [PAR] In many ways, the group captain might have made an ideal husband. But the fact that he was divorced raised strong objections from the very establishment the royal family represented. As queen, Margaret's sister, Elizabeth, was the supreme governor of the Church of England, which forbade divorce. Moreover, in the early 1950's, the political storm surrounding Edward VIII's abdication in December 1936 to marry a twice-divorced American, Wallis Warfield Simpson, was a not-so-distant memory. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] News media scrutiny was relentless and the pressure intense on Princess Margaret, then third in line to the throne, to break off the relationship. Bowing to the demands of a moral code that a decade later would seem quaint to many people, she chose not to marry him. [PAR] In May 1960 she married Anthony Armstrong-Jones, a photographer who was himself the child of divorced parents. Their tempestuous marriage produced two children, but ended in divorce in 1978. The princess did not remarry, but her friendships with men, from prominent people like the actor Peter Sellers to less exalted ones like Roderic Llewellyn, an upper-class drifter 17 years her junior whose main accomplishment appeared to be a talent for gardening, hurt her reputation. [PAR] So did the fact that she was often less than gracious when faced with the drudgery of public appearances -- the ribbon-cuttings, diplomatic functions and endless other official occasions by which Britain's royals justify their position and the public money that finances it. Easily bored and often petulant, the princess was known for indulging her moods, which could swing, as Charles Hussey, a British journalist wrote in The New York Times Magazine in 1965, from ''a gaiety that was sometimes febrile'' to ''Hanoverian gloom.'' [PAR] Her extravagant style also prompted outrage. Her wedding cost the British government \u00a325,000 -- then the equivalent of $65,000 -- and her six-week honeymoon on the royal yacht Britannia cost \u00a340,000, or about $115,000. In later years she was criticized for demanding motorcycle escorts and government helicopters to travel around Britain. [PAR] Yet admirers spoke warmly of her personal generosity, loyalty to the queen and to her friends,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park | Vietnam Country Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park | Vietnam Country [PAR] Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park [PAR] January 1st, 2010 | admin | 0 Comments \u00bb [PAR] In the 27th meeting took place in Paris from June 30 to July 5, the United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) recognized Phong Nha Ke Bang national park and others worldwide as world natural heritage sites. [PAR] Now, after Ha Long Bay, the imperial city of Hue, the ancient quarter of Hoi An and the My Son historical site Phong Nha Ke Bang park is the fifth natural heritage in Vietnam . [PAR] Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park , suited in the Truong Son range\u2019s North in central Quang Binh province, is the richest location for primates in Indo-China. It is one of the world\u2019s two largest limestone regions. [PAR] Coming Phong Nha \u2013 Ke Bang National Park, you can see with naked eyes the oldest major karts area in Asia. It has two parts: Phong Nha Nature Reserve and Ke Bang forest. [PAR] The limestone, grottoes and caves, cover over 200,000 ha of parkland, 95% of the park area is boast lush forest. It has over 300 caves, underground rivers and fascinating rock formations. . [PAR] It is regarded as a paradise for researchers and explorers of grottoes and caves. The phong Nha cave is the most beautiful cave in whole system, having many fascinating rock formations, interesting visitors with evocative names such as Lion, Fairy Caves, Royal Court and Buddha. [PAR] Specially, visiting Phong Nha cave, tourists have chance to see the longest underground rivers, the largest caverns and passageways. The widest and prettiest sand banks, the most astonishing rock formations in the world are also attractions of the Phong Nha Ke Bang\u2019s site. [PAR] Phong Nha Ke Bang has 140 families, 427 branches, and 751 species of high-rated plants, among of them has 36 species are listed in the Viet Nam Red Book. There are also 32, 98 families, 256 races and 381 species of four land backboned animals. Vietnam red book has sixty-six animal species and 23 other species in the World Red Book. Phong Nha-Ke Bang\u2019s animals are the most diverse in national parks\u2019 animals. [PAR] Phong Nha-Ke Bang also has dozens of unexplored mountain peaks of over 1,000 meters; it is an ideal site for climbing and exploration. Peak Co Rilata with the height of 1,128 m and Peak Co Preu, 1,213 m are the outstanding mountains. Tourists will can visit the valleys which lie between these peaks and can bring about exciting eco-tours. [PAR] Moreover, Phong Nha Ke Bang is home of archaeology and historical relics namely King Ham Nghi\u2019s Base, built in the late 19th century, the Xuan Son ferry station, Ho Chi Minh trail and road, and ancient hieroglyphic script of the Cham ethnic minority. [PAR] Phong Nha Ke Bang today has been attracting many tourists. Central Quang Binh province has invested much money to upgrade the Phong Nha-Ke Bang. It became one of the country\u2019s major tourist destinations. Anthony Sun in USA said that \u201c Phong Nha is by far the best and most natural with the most unique rock formations\u201d. [PAR] Phong Nha-Ke Bang, together with Ha Long Bay and Faxipan of Vietnam , is listed as a candidate for 7 new world natural wonders vote. As of February 12, 2008 it ranked 10th in the voting list [PAR] In brief, Phong Nha shows an impressive amount of evidence for the history of the earth. It is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Skylab: First U.S. Space Station Skylab: First U.S. Space Station [PAR] Skylab: First U.S. Space Station [PAR] By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor | [PAR] February 1, 2013 06:40pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The Skylab Orbital Workshop experienced a failure that led to a replacement shield to protect against solar heating. [PAR] Credit: NASA. [PAR] Skylab was the first space station operated by the United States. It spent six years orbiting Earth until its decaying orbit caused it to re-enter the atmosphere. It scattered debris over the Indian Ocean and sparsely settled areas of Western Australia. [PAR] Three crews successfully lived on board the station for several months each. The last crew spent 84 days in orbit \u2014 an American record that stood until the shuttle era. [ Photos: Skylab, the 1st U.S. Space Station ] [PAR] Rocky start [PAR] Various NASA centers had kicked around ideas for a space station for years before Skylab launched. However, the agency was very focused on the space race and moonshots that dominated public consciousness in the 1960s. Money for other endeavors was not as available. [PAR] As Apollo began to wind down in the early 1970s, NASA began an Apollo Applications Program to fly unused hardware from the moon program. One idea, proposed by famous Apollo rocket engineer Wernher von Braun , would be to build a space station out of an unused rocket stage. The design evolved over the years as NASA struggled with reduced funding. [PAR] Skylab finally aimed for space on May 14, 1973. However, a meteoroid shield that was supposed to shelter Skylab accidentally opened about 63 seconds into the launch. The still-thick atmosphere tore the shield off, plunging Skylab into a serious situation. The facility experienced communications problems with the antenna as a result of the incident, but that was the least of the agency's worries. [PAR] \"When the meteoroid shield ripped loose, it disturbed the mounting of workshop solar array wing No. 2 and caused it to partially deploy. The exhaust plume of the second stage retro-rockets impacted the partially deployed solar array and literally blew it into space,\" NASA wrote. [PAR] Workers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center scrambled to stabilize the station. Among other measures, they put the station in an attitude that would minimize overheating, and came up with ways to cope with the station's reduced power situation. [PAR] Meanwhile, the first crew \u2013 led by Apollo 12 commander Pete Conrad \u2013 would need to make the station habitable before they could get to work. The crew's first challenge during the spacewalk, just hours after launch, was deploying the solar array, but initial attempts met with no luck as a metal strip holding it down refused to give way. [PAR] Crew members emerged from an expected communications blackout in a foul mood, according to an official NASA account of the mission. \"The astronauts were venting their frustration with four-letter words, while Houston repeatedly tried to remind them that communication had resumed,\" NASA wrote. [PAR] Realizing the tools they had with them that day would not work, Conrad abandoned the exercise and focused on trying to dock his spacecraft with the station. Unfortunately, the docking mechanism failed and the crew had to depressurize the spacecraft and bypass electrical connections to achieve it. [PAR] In subsequent days, Conrad's crew erected a sun shade , successfully deployed the stuck array, and began operational work aboard the station. While the incident was frustrating for the teams involved, it also demonstrated that it was possible to fix a badly damaged space station while it is in orbit."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Puppies Color Colour Blenheim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Puppies Color Colour Blenheim [PAR] When you breed a Blenheim to a Blenheim you always receive Blenheim puppies. The genetic make-up of a Blenheim is ee:ss. Blenheim is the easiest color genectic make-up for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. [PAR] When you breed Blenheim to Tri Color you can receive both Blenheim or Tri Color. [PAR] When a Blenheim is being bred to a Ruby which does not carry the white gene all the puppies will be ruby and some white mismarking is possible. When a Blenheim is being bred to a Ruby with the white gene then both Ruby and Blenheim colored puppies are possible and some white mismarking on the Ruby colored puppies is possible. Whan a Blenheim is being bred to a Black & Tan that does not carry the white gene then both whole colors are possible and some white mismarking is possible. If the Blenheim is being bred to a Black & Tan that does carry the white gene then all four colors are possible and some white mismarking is possible on the whole colors. [PAR] When you breed a Blenheim to a whole color (black/tan or ruby) the offspring will automatically carry the white gene giving the whole color offspring the ability to produce all 4 colors if bred to a Blenheim or tri color or if bred to another whole color that carries the white gene as well. [PAR] Sometimes when you breed a Blenheim to a rich dark ruby you can greatly improve the rich dark red coloring in the Blenheim offspring. [PAR] [PAR] *** Characteristics *** [PAR] Obtaining the desired shape of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel head seems to be easier to obtain in the Blenheim colored Cavalier over the other colors. While you do find good head shape in the other colors...the consistency within the Blenheim seems to rank higher. [PAR] Cruisin Peek-A-Blue ICU (2 1/2 years) [PAR] Our \"Sadie\" is a little character and her spaniel instincts are alive and keep her very active. She is always on the move or should I say prowl for a flying bug of some kind and I cannot tell you how many she manages to catch. She is extremely light footed as she flows across the yard following an unsuspecting bug with great detail. She can turn on a dime and stay right with them for extended periods of time and if they do not rise up higher than she can jump she will surely catch them. [PAR] She also talks to me during feeding time as she patiently waits for her bowl to be delivered. [PAR] Cruisin Princess TallyHo (7 weeks) [PAR] Resides in a companion pet home in Oklahoma [PAR] Cruisin Cinnabon Roll (7 weeks) [PAR] Resides in a companion pet home in Florida [PAR] Cruisin Cinderella (10 weeks) [PAR] \"Ella\" resides in Texas with her owner, Susan Skaggs. [PAR] Ella began showing at the CKCSC-NT Sweepstakes Event on September 17, 2010 in Dallas, Texas. Ella has also earned her Canine Good Citizen (CGC) certification and Susan hopes to be able to to continue on so she can become a therapy dog.[DOC] [TLE] Blenheim Dog - Infoplease Blenheim Dog [PAR] Dictionary of Phrase and Fable \u2014 B [PAR] Blenheim Dog [PAR] A small spaniel; so called from Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, where the breed has been preserved ever since the palace was built. [PAR] Source: [PAR] Dictionary of Phrase and Fable [PAR] , E. Cobham Brewer, 1894"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spasmodic dysphonia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Spasmodic dysphonia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [PAR] URL of this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000753.htm [PAR] Spasmodic dysphonia [PAR] Spasmodic dysphonia is difficulty speaking due to spasms (dystonia) of the muscles that control the vocal cords. [PAR] Causes [PAR] Spasmodic dysphonia is sometimes due to psychological stress. Most cases result from a problem in the brain and nervous system that can affect the voice. The vocal cord muscles spasm, or contract, which causes the vocal cords to get too close or too far apart while a person is using their voice. [PAR] Spasmodic dysphonia often occurs between ages 30 and 51. Women are more likely to be affected than men. [PAR] Sometimes, the condition runs in the family. [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] The voice is usually hoarse or grating. It may waver and pause. The voice may sound strained or strangled, and it may seem as if the speaker has to use extra effort. This is known as adductor dysphonia. [PAR] Sometimes, the voice is whispery or breathy. This is known as abductor dysphonia. [PAR] The problem may go away when the person laughs, whispers, speaks in a high-pitched voice, sings, or shouts. [PAR] Some people have muscle tone problems in other parts of the body, such as writer's cramp. [PAR] Exams and Tests [PAR] An ear, nose, and throat doctor will check for changes in the vocal cords and other brain or nervous system problems. [PAR] Tests that will usually be done include: [PAR] Using a special scope with a light and camera to view the voice box (larynx) [PAR] Voice testing by a speech-language provider [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Medicine that treats spasm of the vocal cord muscles may be tried. They appear to work in up to one half of people, at best. Some of these medicines have bothersome side effects. [PAR] Botulinum toxin (Botox) treatments may help. Botulinum toxin comes from a certain type of bacteria. Very small amounts of this toxin may be injected into the muscles around the vocal cords. This treatment will often help for 3 to 4 months. [PAR] Surgery to cut one of the nerves to the vocal cords has been used to treat spasmodic dysphonia, but it is not very effective. [PAR] Brain stimulation may be useful in some people. [PAR] Alternative Names"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Episode guide - Peep Show Wiki - Wikia Episode guide | Peep Show Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Peep Show is an award-winning British sitcom that stars David Mitchell and Robert Webb . It is broadcast on Channel 4 in the UK. Written by Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain, the series explores the lives of Mark Corrigan (Mitchell) and Jeremy \"Jez\" Osborne/Usbourne (Webb; the spelling of the character's surname is uncertain). [PAR] It is filmed entirely from the physical points-of-view of the characters, and viewers can hear the interior monologues of Mark and Jez.[DOC] [TLE] Peep Show - Profiles - Jeff - Channel 4 Peep Show - Profiles - All 4 [PAR] Peep Show [PAR] Mark is a man on the edge [PAR] Advertisement"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chital: The Animal Files Chital: The Animal Files [PAR] 9 - 11 Yrs [PAR] Main Characteristics [PAR] Chital are large deer and they have a body length between 1 and 1.5 m (3.25 - 5 ft), a tail length between 10 and 25 cms (4 - 10 inches) and they weigh between 70 and 79 kgs (155 - 175 lbs). [PAR] They are reddish/fawn in colour with white spots and a white coloured underside. Stags have three-pronged, lyre shaped antlers that they shed annually and they can reach lengths up to 76 cms (30 inches). [PAR] They have several different vocalizations which include barking when alarmed, bellowing during the breeding season and fawns squeal when they are separated from their mother. [PAR] They are mainly active during the morning, evening and night, and they rest during the hottest parts of the day. They can reach speeds up to 65 km/hr (40 mph) if required. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Chital occur naturally in India and Sri Lanka but they have been introduced to Australia and the USA. They are found on grasslands and open woodland and they live in herds of 10 - 50 individuals but these herds can be larger. The herds consist of females, their young and one or two stags. [PAR] Diet [PAR] Chital feed on grasses and other vegetation. [PAR] Breeding [PAR] Chital breed throughout the year and males rut , bellow and fight to defend a small number of females. After a gestation period of 210 - 225 days 1 or sometimes 2 fawns are born. At birth the young weigh approximately 3 kgs (6.6 lbs) and they are nursed by their mother until they reach 6 months old. [PAR] Chital reach sexual maturity at 12 - 14 months old and they usually produce young each year. [PAR] Predators [PAR] Predators of Chital include tigers and leopards . [PAR] Subspecies [PAR] There are two subspecies of Chital: [PAR] Indian Axis Deer or Indian Chital [PAR] (Axis axis axis) [PAR] They are found in India. [PAR] Ceylonese Axis Deer or Ceylonese Chital [PAR] (Axis axis ceylonensis) [PAR] They are found in Sri Lanka (Ceylon). [PAR] Interesting Facts [PAR] Chital are also known as: [PAR] Spotted Deer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1969: Israel elects first female leader BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 | 1969: Israel elects first female leader [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1969: Israel elects first female leader [PAR] Golda Meir, the \"grand old woman of Israeli politics\", is to become the first female prime minister of Israel. [PAR] The 70-year-old's candidature was officially accepted by the Labour Party in Tel Aviv after she received 287 votes from her own central committee. Forty-five MPs abstained. [PAR] On Sunday she will formally succeed her political friend and colleague Levi Eshkol, who died of a heart attack last week. [PAR] I have faced difficult problems in the past but nothing like the one I'm faced with now in leading the country [PAR] Golda Meir [PAR] Mrs Meir, who has come out of retirement to take up the role, pledged to maintain national unity and called on the people who worked with Mr Eshkol to \"continue in the same framework\" in her government. [PAR] She added: \"I have never failed to accept party decisions and I shall not refuse now. [PAR] \"I have faced difficult problems in the past but nothing like the one I'm faced with now in leading the country.\" [PAR] With her party controlling the largest faction in parliament, Acting Prime Minister Yigal Allon and Defence Minister Moshe Dayan have agreed to step aside and reserve their own bids for power until later in the year. [PAR] Following their decision, she was the only nominee put forward before the central committee. [PAR] Mrs Meir, a former schoolteacher in America, previously served as Israeli foreign minister for 10 years before she retired following ill health. [PAR] Because of her age and condition, her appointment is regarded by many as a stop-gap, intended to maintain national unity before the Labour Party chooses a leader for the October general elections. [PAR] Many supporters within the party consider General Dayan to be a more suitable candidate. [PAR] Acting Prime Minister Mr Allon also has substantial backing within the party leadership. [PAR] Both are younger than Mrs Meir and considered national heroes. [PAR] Despite such opposition, General Dayan, who is expected to retain his post as defence minister, said he would be honoured to work with Mrs Meir. [PAR] Her government is expected to reflect the same parties and ministers who previously served under Mr Eshkol. [PAR] Details of her new cabinet will be announced in the next few days.[DOC] [TLE] Golda Meir becomes Israeli Prime Minister | History Today Golda Meir becomes Israeli Prime Minister | History Today [PAR] Golda Meir becomes Israeli Prime Minister [PAR] Richard Cavendish remembers Israel's own Iron Lady, who became Prime Minister on March 17th 1969 [PAR] Golda Meir [PAR] Israel\u2019s own imperious \u2018iron lady\u2019 and first woman prime minister once said: \u2018It was not as though there was a Palestinian people considering itself Palestinian and we came and threw them out and took their country away from them. They did not exist.\u2019 Asked when she thought the Arab problem would be resolved, she said: \u2018When the Arabs love their children more than they hate us.\u2019 David Ben-Gurion used to call her the best man in his government. [PAR] She started life as Goldie Mabovitch, born to a Jewish family in the Ukrainian city of Kiev in 1898. Her Russian childhood left her, she said, with \u2018no happy or even pleasant memories\u2019, but the family emigrated to the United States and from 1906 lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where her father had a job as a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Susan Sarandon - Film Actress - Biography.com Susan Sarandon - Film Actress - Biography.com [PAR] Susan Sarandon [PAR] Susan Sarandon is an Academy Award-winning American film actress known for roles in films like Bull Durham, Thelma and Louise and Dead Man Walking. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous People in Action Film [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cThe only thing that gives me the courage to do things\u2014because I'm a shy person\u2014is the idea of living with myself afterward.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Susan Sarandon [PAR] Susan Sarandon - Versatile Actress (TV-14; 1:11) Watch a short video about Susan Sarandon and learn which role that this actress with more than 50 films under her belt cherished the most. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] American film actress Susan Sarandon was born on October 4, 1946, in New York City. After college, Sarandon began acting, and in 1975 she landed a role in the cult classic film The Rocky Horror Picture Show. She won an Academy Award for her performance in Dead Man Walking (1995), and received Oscar nominations for her roles in Atlantic City (1980), Thelma and Louise (1991), Lorenzo's Oil (1992) and The Client (1994). Other notable films include The Witches of Eastwick (1987) and Bull Durham (1988). [PAR] Early Career [PAR] Actress and activist Susan Sarandon was born on October 4, 1946, in New York City, New York. Known as an actress and an activist, Sarandon has shared with the world her dramatic talents and personal convictions. She graduated the Catholic University of America in 1968 and not long after made her film debut in Joe (1970). After a few other film roles, Sarandon landed a part in The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), a campy musical, which has developed quite a cult following over the years. [PAR] Career Highlights [PAR] Sarandon earned her first Academy Award nomination for Atlantic City (1980) starring opposite screen legend Burt Lancaster. But her career really seemed to pick up steam later that decade with appearances in The Witches of Eastwick (1987) and Bull Durham (1988). In The Witches of Eastwick, she played one of three women seduced by the devil (Jack Nicholson) and developed special powers. This comedic battle of good versus evil showed Sarandon\u2019s talent for lighter fare. In Bull Durham, she played smart and sexy baseball groupie \u201cAnnie Savoy\u201d who becomes involved with one of the players -- \u201cEbby Calvin \u2018Nuke\u2019 LaLoosh\u201d played by Tim Robbins. Robbins would become her partner in real life. [PAR] With Geena Davis, Susan Sarandon made one of her most memorable films Thelma and Louise (1991), which centered on the friendship of two women on a road trip turned wrong. Her portrayal of the tough, protective, and somewhat broken Louise brought her another Academy Award nomination. Sarandon was also nominated for Lorenzo's Oil (1992) and The Client (1994). She played a nun in the gritty and powerful capital punishment drama Dead Man Walking (1995) and won her first Academy Award for her performance. [PAR] Recent Work [PAR] More recently, Sarandon took to the stage to appear in a revival of Eugene Ionesco's Exit the King. She played Queen Marguerite to Geoffrey Rush's King Berenger in the critically acclaimed production. On the big screen, Sarandon took on a supporting role in The Lovely Bones (2009), a film adaptation of the best-selling novel by Alice Sebold, in addition to roles in various films and TV series, including The Big C (2012), Arbitrage (2012) and Cloud Atlas (2012). [PAR] Activism [PAR] Outspoken on many issues, Susan Sarandon and Tim Robbins included information on the plight of Haitian HIV-positive refugees during the 1993 Academy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Becker (TV Series 1998\u20132004) - IMDb Becker (TV Series 1998\u20132004) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Dr. John Becker goes through his daily routine of being a doctor, stopping at his favorite diner, and other various situations, all the while hating life and everything around him. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] Linda deletes some important files and spends the day trying to recover them or cover up what she's done. Some out-of-town friends have come to see John but he's nowhere to be seen so Chris must ... [PAR] 8.7 [PAR] Becker's intended talk to children about nutrition abruptly becomes a discussion about sex. Two police officers conduct a stakeout at the diner. [PAR] 8.6 [PAR] As he does with everyone else, Becker finds fault with his attorney. Nevertheless, she refuses to let him take the stand, fearing that he won't be able to control his temper. [PAR] 8.5 [PAR] a list of 21 titles [PAR] created 23 Jun 2011 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 07 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 31 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 11 Jul 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 30 Mar 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Becker \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 4 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Hot-tempered journalist Maya Gallo got herself fired from yet another job when she made an anchorwoman cry on the air with some gag copy on the teleprompter. Unable to find a job anywhere ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Laura San Giacomo, Enrico Colantoni, George Segal [PAR] The regulars of the Boston bar Cheers share their experiences and lives with each other while drinking or working at the bar where everybody knows your name. [PAR] Stars: Ted Danson, Rhea Perlman, John Ratzenberger [PAR] In this sitcom, Charlie, who takes Mike Flaherty's place in later years, is the Deputy-Mayor of New York City, and his team of half-wits must constantly save the Mayor from embarrassment and the media. [PAR] Stars: Michael J. Fox, Charlie Sheen, Heather Locklear [PAR] The workplace sitcom \"NewsRadio\" explores the office politics and interpersonal relationships among the staff of WNYX NewsRadio, New York's #2 news radio station. Beleaguered news director ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Dave Foley, Stephen Root, Andy Dick [PAR] Drew is an assistant director of personnel in a Cleveland department store and he has been stuck there for ten years. Other than fighting with co-worker Mimi, his hobbies include drinking ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Drew Carey, Diedrich Bader, Ryan Stiles [PAR] Light television comedy featuring Paul and Jaime Buchman as a recently married couple in New York City. They point out the gentle humor of domesticity and in the everyday situations of life. [PAR] Stars: Paul Reiser, Helen Hunt, John Pankow [PAR] Dr. Frasier Crane moves back to his hometown of Seattle where he lives with his father and works as a radio psychiatrist. [PAR] Stars: Kelsey Grammer, Jane Leeves, David Hyde Pierce [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Freetown | national capital, Sierra Leone | Britannica.com Freetown | national capital, Sierra Leone | Britannica.com [PAR] national capital, Sierra Leone [PAR] Sir Milton Margai [PAR] Freetown, capital, chief port, and largest city of Sierra Leone , on the rocky Sierra Leone Peninsula, at the seaward tip of a range of wooded hills, which were named Serra Le\u00f4a (\u201cLion Mountains\u201d) by the Portuguese navigator Pedro de Sintra when he explored the West African coast in 1462. By the 1650s the increased activity of British, French, Dutch, and Danish trading companies ended the limited degree of Portuguese control over the coastal trade. An English abolitionist , Granville Sharp , selected the site (south of the mouth of the Sierra Leone River) in 1787 as a haven for African slaves, freed and destitute in England . (They were known as the Black Poor.) In 1792 the Sierra Leone Company assumed responsibility and helped settle slaves from Nova Scotia who had fought for the British in the American Revolutionary War , the \u201cMaroons,\u201d runaway slaves of Jamaica, and others from captured slave ships. They were landed at King Jimmy\u2019s Watering Place (now a bustling marketplace). Their descendants, known as Creoles, are now outnumbered by Mende and Temne immigrants from the interior. In 1821 Freetown became the seat of government for all of Great Britain\u2019s West African possessions, a position it retained (with slight changes) until 1874. Freetown, incorporated as a municipality in 1893, became the country\u2019s capital in 1961. [PAR] View of Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. [PAR] Caroline Penn\u2014Impact Photos/Heritage-Images [PAR] Freetown\u2019s excellent natural harbour (an important World War II naval base) has deepwater docking facilities at the Queen Elizabeth II Quay. Its exports include palm oil and kernels, cocoa, coffee, ginger, and kola nuts. The city is the country\u2019s commercial and transportation centre; industrial enterprises are limited and include diamond cutting, confectionary, paint and shoe enterprises, rice milling, and fish packing. Construction of the Guma Dam has solved Freeport\u2019s longtime water problem and provided more electrical power. Hastings Airfield (10 miles [16 km] southeast) handles domestic flights; the international airport at Lungi is across the Sierra Leone River . [PAR] Freetown, Sierra Leone.[DOC] [TLE] FreetownCity.com FreetownCity.com [PAR] FreetownCity.com [PAR] Your adventure starts here in the colorful markets of Freetown [PAR] Places to explore [PAR] Go up the mountains to see an [PAR] aerial view of the city and have fresh air [PAR] Attractions in Freetown [PAR] Postage Stamps of 1961 Sierra Leone [PAR] Freetown is the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone, a country in West Africa. It is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean located in the Western Area of the country and with a population of 1,070,200. The city is the economic, financial, and cultural center of Sierra Leone. Many of the country's largest corporations locate their headquarters' home offices in Freetown as well as the majority of international companies. The city's economy revolves largely around its fine natural harbor, which is the largest natural harbor on the continent of Africa. Queen Elizabeth II Quay is capable of receiving oceangoing vessels and handles Sierra Leone's main exports."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pavlov\u2019s Dog Experiment - Nobel Prize Pavlov's Dog [PAR] Pavlov's Dog [PAR] Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) [PAR] Who was Ivan Pavlov? [PAR] The Russian scientist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born in 1849 in Ryazan, where his father worked as a village priest. In 1870 Ivan Pavlov abandoned the religious career for which he had been preparing, and instead went into science. There he had a great impact on the field of physiology by studying the mechanisms underlying the digestive system in mammals. [PAR] For his original work in this field of research, Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904. By then he had turned to studying the laws on the formation of conditioned reflexes, a topic on which he worked until his death in 1936. His discoveries in this field paved the way for an objective science of behavior. [PAR] [PAR] Pavlov's drooling dogs [PAR] While Ivan Pavlov worked to unveil the secrets of the digestive system, he also studied what signals triggered related phenomena, such as the secretion of saliva. When a dog encounters food, saliva starts to pour from the salivary glands located in the back of its oral cavity. This saliva is needed in order to make the food easier to swallow. The fluid also contains enzymes that break down certain compounds in the food. In humans, for example, saliva contains the enzyme amylase, an effective processor of starch. [PAR] Pavlov became interested in studying reflexes when he saw that the dogs drooled without the proper stimulus. Although no food was in sight, their saliva still dribbled. It turned out that the dogs were reacting to lab coats. Every time the dogs were served food, the person who served the food was wearing a lab coat. Therefore, the dogs reacted as if food was on its way whenever they saw a lab coat. [PAR] In a series of experiments, Pavlov then tried to figure out how these phenomena were linked. For example, he struck a bell when the dogs were fed. If the bell was sounded in close association with their meal, the dogs learnt to associate the sound of the bell with food. After a while, at the mere sound of the bell, they responded by drooling. [PAR] [PAR] Different kinds of reflexes [PAR] Reflexes make us react in a certain way. When a light beam hits our eyes, our pupils shrink in response to the light stimulus. And when the doctor taps you below the knee cap, your leg swings out. These reflexes are called unconditioned, or built-in. The body responds in the same fashion every time the stimuli (the light or the tap) is applied. In the same way, dogs drool when they encounter food. [PAR] Pavlov's discovery was that environmental events that previously had no relation to a given reflex (such as a bell sound) could, through experience, trigger a reflex (salivation). This kind of learnt response is called conditioned reflex, and the process whereby dogs or humans learn to connect a stimulus to a reflex is called conditioning. [PAR] Animals generally learn to associate stimuli that are relevant to their survival. Food aversion is an example of a natural conditioned reflex. If an animal eats something with a distinctive vanilla taste and then eats a tasteless poison that leads to nausea, the animal will not be particularly eager to eat vanilla-flavoured food the next time. Linking nausea to taste is an evolutionarily successful strategy, since animals that failed to learn their lesson did not last very long. [PAR] [PAR] Why were Pavlov's findings given so"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hanoverians - Timeline of the Kings and Queens of England ... Hanoverians - Timeline of the Kings and Queens of England of the United Kingdom [PAR] Born: 30 October 1683 at Herrenhausen, Hanover [PAR] Parents: George I and Sophia Dorothea [PAR] Ascended to the throne: June 11, 1727 aged 43 years [PAR] Crowned: 11 October 1727 at Westminster Abbey [PAR] Married: Caroline, daughter of Margrave of Brandenburg [PAR] Children: Four sons and five daughters [PAR] Died: 25 October 1760 at Kensington Palace [PAR] Buried at: Westminster Abbey [PAR] Succeeded by: his grandson George III [PAR] King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1727, George preferred Germany to England, but learned to speak English, unlike his father. [PAR] Interesting Fact: [PAR] The last British monarch to lead troops into battle at the Battle of Dettingen against the French in 1743. [PAR] 1735, George II gave Sir Rober Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street, now the permanent London residence of the British prime minister . [PAR] 1739 - Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York [PAR] King George III 1760 - 1820 [PAR] George III, the longest-serving Hanoverian monarch, died after occupying the throne for 60 years. His eldest son served as prince regent from 1811 to 1820 when his father was declared insane. [PAR] Grandson of George II [PAR] Succeeded by: his son George IV [PAR] King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760. [PAR] George III was the first Hanoverian monarch to be born in England. He was born on 4 June 1738 in London and was the son of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and grandson of George II. He was the first monarch since Queen Anne to put British interests well before those of Hanover. [PAR] George III ruled for 50 years and fathered 15 children. He suffered from recurrent fits of madness and after 1810, his son acted as regent. [PAR] During his reign: [PAR] Britain lost its American colonies but emerged as a leading power in Europe. [PAR] Australia was colonised. [PAR] His reign was the age of some of the greatest names in English literature - Jane Austen, Byron, Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth. [PAR] It was also the time of great statesmen like Pitt and Fox and great captains like Wellington and Nelson . [PAR] 1769 - Captain James Cook\u2019s first voyage to explore the Pacific. [PAR] In 1773 the 'Boston Tea Party' was the first sign of the troubles that were to come in America. The American Colonies proclaimed their independence on July 4th 1776. [PAR] 1775 - James Watt develops the steam engine. [PAR] The 1790s saw the French Revolution. The wars with France continued until Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815. [PAR] In 1801, under the Act of Union Great Britain and Ireland were united into a single nation - the United Kingdom. George was thus the first king of the new nation. [PAR] 1813 - Jane Austen\u2019s Pride and Prejudice is published. [PAR] King George IV 1820 - 1830 [PAR] George IV was deeply unpopular for his extravagant lifestyle and scandalous private life, but he was an enthusiastic supporter of the arts and his residences, particularly Carlton House and Brighton Pavilion, set new standards of taste. [PAR] Age 58-67 [PAR] Eldest son of George III [PAR] Parents: George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz [PAR] Born: St James's Palace, London, on 12 August 1762 [PAR] Ascended to the throne: 29 January 1820 aged 57 years [PAR] Crowned: 19 July 1821 at Westminster Abbey [PAR] Married: Mrs Fitzherbert (English), then Caroline, daughter of Duke of Brunswick [PAR] Children: One daughter,and at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Spring Tides Neap Tides | The Old Farmer's Almanac Spring Tides Neap Tides | The Old Farmer's Almanac [PAR] Rate this Article: [PAR] Average: 3.4 (441 votes) [PAR] The following is a explanation of spring and neap tides in relation to lunar and solar cycles. [PAR] Since antiquity, people have noticed that oceans exhibit a much greater tidal range around the time of the full Moon and new Moon. This is when the Moon and Sun are either together in the sky or are on opposite sides of the heavens. Higher tides occur during these Moon phases because the Sun also exerts a gravitational pull on our oceans, although it is only 46 percent as strong as the Moon's. [PAR] When the gravitational effects of the Sun and the Moon combine, we get spring tides, which have nothing to do with the season of spring. The term refers to the action of the seas springing out and then springing back. These are times of high high tides and low low tides. [PAR] A week later, during either of the two quarter Moon phases , when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other and their tidal influences partially cancel each other out, neap tides occur, and the tidal range is minimal. In fact, because the oceans take a bit of time to catch up to the geometry of the Moon, spring and neap tides usually occur about a day after the respective lunar cycles. [PAR] Now morn has come,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Singapura Cat | Cat Breeds | Petfinder Singapura Cat | Cat Breeds | Petfinder [PAR] Singapura Cat [PAR] See more adoptable Singapura cats available on Petfinder [PAR] Singapura Cat Personality [PAR] Singapuras, happily unaware of the controversy surrounding them, go right on being what they are: pesky people pleasers. At home in any situation, Puras love to be the center of attention and they don't seem to understand the word 'stranger', they want to be there with you to welcome your guests. They're curious, people-oriented, and remain playful well into adulthood. Their voices are quiet and unobtrusive, and they trust their humans implicitly. [PAR] Puras are not quite as active as Abyssinians, but they are spirited nevertheless. They're curious, affectionate, almost too intelligent, and seem very much in tune with their favorite humans' moods. [PAR] Singapura Cat Breed Traits [PAR] The Singapura possesses the dominant ticked tabby gene Ta, which produces alternating bands of color on each individual hair, the same gene that gives the Abyssinian his distinctive coat. The coat color is modified by the Burmese gene cb, which results in a warm brown color (sepia), alternating with a warm 'old ivory' ground color. This gives the coat the appearance of refined, delicate coloration. Both of these genes are believed to have originated in Southeast Asia. Unlike the Abyssinian, the Singapura's standard calls for some barring on the inner front legs. Adult male Singapuras weigh in at a flyweight of around 6 pounds (2.7 kg), and females tip the scales at approximately 4 pounds (1.8 kg). [PAR] Interested in the history of the Singapura cat breed? [PAR] Singapore, an island spanning 226 square miles (585 sq. km) perched off the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia, has scores of feral felines, as do many seaports. These cats make their livings off the leavings of the fishing trade, and in the past were not paid much attention unless they became nuisances, and then they were picked up by the cat police and summarily dealt with. It is a hard life for these nomads and, far from being praised as pedigrees, they were disparagingly known as 'drain' or 'sewer' cats by the denizens of the island. [PAR] Small brown cats with ticked coats have been observed on the isle since at least 1965. This variety, however, is not the only kind of cat found on the island; other varieties include solid-colored cats, deeper-colored ticked cats that often have short, bobbed tails, and cats that display the white spotting factor. [PAR] The Singapura breed as we know him in North America has made the Guinness Book of World Records (as the smallest breed of domestic cat), has had an entire advertising campaign centered around him (to promote tourism in the Republic of Singapore), and has had the dubious distinction of being the center of a cat controversy. [PAR] In 1975 Tommy and Hal Meadow returned from Singapore with three ticked, sepia-colored cats by the names of Tess, Tickle, and Pusse. Tommy Meadow, a former CFF judge and Abyssinian and Burmese breeder active in the cat fancy since 1955, wrote a standard for the breed and began a breeding program to weed out undesirable traits and produce consistency in color, coat, pattern, and disposition. The breed was promoted under the name Singapura, the Malaysian name for Singapore. In 1980 another breeder obtained a fourth cat from the Singapore SPCA and that cat was also used in the breeding program. Tommy Meadow founded the United Singapura Society, whose stated goal was to protect, preserve, and promote the Singapura. The CFA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] First World War.com - Timeline - 1914 First World War.com - Timeline - 1914 [PAR] Timeline [PAR] Timeline - 1914 [PAR] The First World War spanned four years and involved many nation states. [PAR] This section lists the landmark events of the year 1914, the first year of the war which began as the widely expected war of movement, but which inexplicably (to contemporary eyes) settled into stubborn trench warfare. [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] For a day by day account click any given month using the sidebar to the right. [PAR] Date [PAR] Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austro-Hungarian empire, in Sarajevo, Bosnia [PAR] July 28 [PAR] Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia [PAR] July 29 - December 9 [PAR] Austria-Hungary repeatedly invades Serbia but is repeatedly repulsed [PAR] August 1 [PAR] Outbreak of war - Germany declares war on Russia [PAR] August 3 [PAR] Germany declares war on France [PAR] August 4 [PAR] Britain declares war on Germany [PAR] August 4 [PAR] US President Woodrow Wilson declares policy of US neutrality [PAR] August 14 [PAR] Battle of the Frontiers begins [PAR] August 17-19 [PAR] Japan declares war on Germany [PAR] August 23 - September 2 [PAR] Austria-Hungary invades Russian Poland (Galicia) [PAR] August 26-30 [PAR] Battle of Tannenberg, which Russia loses; Germany's greatest success of the war on Eastern Front [PAR] September 5-10 [PAR] First Battle of Marne, halts German advance, resulting in stalemate and trench warfare [PAR] September 9-14 [PAR] First Battle of Masurian Lakes, which Russia loses [PAR] September 14 [PAR] First Battle of Aisne begins [PAR] September 15 - November 24 [PAR] The \"race to the sea\", trenches appear on September 15 [PAR] September 17-28 [PAR] Austro-German attack on western Poland [PAR] October 14 - November 22"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Learn and talk about Ice Station Zebra (novel), 1963 ... Learn and talk about Ice Station Zebra (novel), 1963 British novels, British novels adapted into films, Cold War spy novels, Novels by Alistair MacLean [PAR] Plot[ edit ] [PAR] Drift Ice Station Zebra, a British meteorological station built on an ice floe in the Arctic Sea , suffers a catastrophic oil fire; several of its men die, and their shelter and supplies are destroyed. The survivors hole up in one hut with little food and heat. [PAR] The (fictional) American nuclear-powered submarine USS Dolphin is dispatched on a rescue mission. Just before it departs, Dr. Carpenter, the narrator, is sent to accompany it. Carpenter's background is unknown, but he claims that he is an expert in dealing with frostbite and other deep-cold medical conditions, and he carries an order from the Chief of Naval Operations of the U.S. Navy . Commander Swanson, the submarine captain, is suspicious of Carpenter, and calls in his superior Admiral Garvie. Garvie refuses to allow Carpenter on board without knowing his mission. Under duress, Carpenter says that the station is actually a highly equipped listening post, keeping watch for nuclear missile launches from the Soviet Union , a statement which convinces the commander and the admiral. [PAR] The Dolphin reaches the Arctic ice-pack, and dives under it. It surfaces in a break in the ice and succeeds in making tenuous radio contact with Ice Station Zebra. Carpenter confides to the Captain that the commander of the station is his brother. Having obtained a bearing on the station, the Dolphin dives again, and succeeds in finding a lead five miles from the station. Carpenter, Executive Officer Hansen, and two crewmen make the journey to the station through an Arctic storm on foot, taking with them as many supplies as they can. They reach the Zebra after a near-impossible trek, and find that eight of the men on the station are dead, while the 11 others are barely alive. Investigating the corpses, Carpenter finds that one of them has been shot. They find that their radio has been damaged, and so Carpenter and Hansen return to the Dolphin. The submarine moves close to the station, and finding no open water, blows a hole in the ice using a torpedo. [PAR] The sick men are cared for by the Dolphin. Carpenter does some more investigating, and finds that the fire was no accident; it was a cover to hide that three of the dead men, one of whom was his brother, were murdered. He also discovers several unburned supplies hidden in the bottom of a hut, while Swanson finds a gun hidden in a petrol tank. The surviving members of Zebra are brought on board the Dolphin, and the station is abandoned. While still under the ice, a fire breaks out in the engine room and the sub is forced to shut down its nuclear reactor . The crew succeeds in saving the ship, after several hours of hard labor, and thanks to Swanson's ingenuity. [PAR] Carpenter calls a meeting of the survivors, and announces that the fire was no accident. He reveals that he is an MI6 officer, and that his real mission was to retrieve photographic film from a reconnaissance satellite (see Corona ) that has photographed every missile base in the U.S. The film had been ejected from the satellite so that Soviet agents operating under cover at Zebra could retrieve it; Carpenter's brother had been sent to the station to prevent this. Carpenter reveals the identity of the Russian agents, and successfully"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Felix Trinidad - $75k for Public Speaking & Appearances ... Felix Trinidad - Public Speaking & Appearances - Speakerpedia, Discover & Follow a World of Compelling Voices [PAR] Claim Felix's Profile [PAR] Felix Trinidad [PAR] Felix 'Tito' Trinidad, Jr. is a boxer from Cupey Alto, Puerto Rico and a former multi-division champion of the International Boxing Federation and the World Boxing Council. [PAR] Felix Trinidad has an impressive record of 42 wins and 2 losses, with 35 wins by knockout, and is considered one of the best Puerto Rican boxers in history, along the likes of Wilfred Benitez, Ivan Calderon, and Hector Camacho. [PAR] When Trinidad Sr. announced his decision to turn his son into a professional boxer rather than wait for the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, he was met with skepticism and criticism from Puerto Rico's top boxing experts. [PAR] Trinidad Jr, however, proved them wrong quickly by burying opponent after opponent. Among Trinidad's victims was Jake Rodriguez, a fellow Puerto Rican and former Jr. Welterweight champion of the world, who was the only one to last 10 rounds with him during this period. [PAR] In 1993, Trinidad traveled to San Diego, California and defeated the crafty defending world Welterweight champion Maurice Blocker in 2 rounds, in a fight televised by Showtime. It was the beginning of a long-lasting friendship between the new champion and the cable network. [PAR] Defending this title, he beat former and future world champions Hector 'Macho' Camacho, Freddie Pendleton, and 'Yori Boy' Campas among others. He kept defending the title until he was able to sign for an unification bout with the other world Welterweight champ, Oscar De La Hoya. During all of that, Trinidad changed alliegances from Showtime to HBO. [PAR] The highly anticipated bout between the 2 Welterweight champions took place September 18, 1999 at the Mandalay Bay Hotel in Las Vegas. It was nicknamed Fight of the Millennium. De La Hoya dominated the early part of the fight, but decided to coast during the final rounds. Thinking he had the fight won, De La Hoya preferred to evade Trinidad rather than exchange punches with him. In a highly controversial decision, Trinidad won the fight by majority decision. [PAR] After leaving the Welterweight world championships vacant, Trinidad moved in weight to challenge World Jr Middleweight champion David Reid, a Las Vegas talent, again at the Mandalay Bay. Trinidad was knocked down in the 3rd, but proceeded to beat Reid, dropping him 5 times and winning a unanimous decision. Next, he unified the title vs the other world champion, power puncher Fernando Vargas of Oxnard, California. This bout saw Trinidad rise from the canvas in round 4 after a fast start that saw him knock down the Mexican warrior twice in round one, but he prevailed after dropping Vargas again 3 times in round 12, the last knockdown after which the fight was stopped. After Trinidad left the division, he came back and regained the world title. [PAR] Trinidad once again moved up in weight, lured by Don King's Middleweight unification tournament and he beat William Joppy by a knockout in 5 rounds to become world Middleweight champion. His unification bout with the other world champ, Bernard Hopkins of Philadelphia, originally scheduled for September 15, 2001 at the Madison Square Garden had to be postponed because of the September 11 Terrorist attacks. It was fought, however, two weeks later, on September 29, and Trinidad had to taste the sour taste of defeat this time, losing for the first time, to the physically more mature Hopkins, who then became the undisputed world champion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] On This Day: 70mph speed limit imposed on motorways On This Day: 70mph speed limit imposed on motorways [PAR] On This Day: 70mph speed limit imposed on motorways [PAR] Julian Gavaghan [PAR] Pin it [PAR] Share [PAR] DECEMBER 22, 1965: Britain\u2019s 70mph top speed limit was imposed on motorways on this day in 1965 \u2013 in what was supposed to be only a temporary measure. [PAR] The trial was introduced due to the high number of accidents while drivers were free to go as fast as they liked after the first highway \u2013 the M1 \u2013 was opened in 1959. [PAR] The two-year experiment by the Department of Transport was deeply unpopular and led to protest campaigns by motoring groups such as the RAC and AA. [PAR] Silent British Path\u00e9 footage shows hundreds of \u2013 mostly male - drivers attending a demonstration at Newport Pagnell service station on the M1 in Buckinghamshire. [PAR] But by 1967 \u2013 when Transport Secretary Barbara Castle made her decision to make the speed limit permanent \u2013 polls showed 61 per cent of Britons were in favour. [PAR] This was due to studies by the Government\u2019s Road Research Laboratory that showed casualties had been cut by 20 per cent and 60 lives had been saved. [PAR] However, motoring groups and manufacturers still doubted the report\u2019s finding and demanded the speed limit was scrapped. [PAR] Lord Chesham, executive vice-chairman of the RAC, then said: 'There are enough red herrings in this report to fill the hold of the largest Grimsby trawler.' [PAR] Today, Britain\u2019s top speed limit is one of the slowest in Europe and there have been repeated calls to increase it. [PAR] For example, France, Holland, Austria and Denmark are among 17 countries on the continent where motorists can legally drive at 80mph (130km/h) on their motorways. [PAR] Notably, Germany has no speed limit on the majority of its autobahn, although drivers\u2019 insurance is voided if they crash while going over 80mph. [PAR] The British Government had intended to raise the speed limit - but allegedly ditched the plans amid fears that it would alienate women voters. [PAR] Former Transport Secretary Philip Hammond had in 2011 claimed the 70mph limit had been 'discredited' and a rise to 80mph would boost the economy. [PAR] [On This Day: 'Birdman' Gerard Masselin dies after parachute fails] [PAR] But Patrick McLoughlin, who now fills the Cabinet post, said in June this year that the move was no longer a priority. [PAR] Polls have shown a majority of drivers would support the move, but significant numbers of women were against it. [PAR] Speed limits for motorists were first enforced in Britain in 1861. [PAR] The 1965 'red flag' amendment to the Locomotives Act (since early cars were called 'light locomotives') required vehicles to drive at 2mph in towns while a man walked 60 yards in front either waving a banner or carrying a lantern. [PAR] Read More [PAR] But limits, which later rose to 20mph, were abolished in 1931 after being 'so universally disobeyed that its maintenance brought the law into contempt'."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martin Luther King Jr. and the \"I Have a Dream Speech\" Martin Luther King, Jr. | National Archives [PAR] Hire a Researcher [PAR] Martin Luther King, Jr. [PAR] On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr., delivered a speech to a massive group of civil rights marchers gathered around the Lincoln memorial in Washington DC. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom brought together the nations most prominent civil rights leaders, along with tens of thousands of marchers, to press the United States government for equality. The culmination of this event was the influential and most memorable speech of Dr. King's career. Popularly known as the \"I have a Dream\" speech, the words of Martin Luther King, Jr. influenced the Federal government to take more direct actions to more fully realize racial equality. [PAR] Mister Maestro, Inc., and Twentieth Century Fox Records Company recorded the speech and offered the recording for sale. Dr. King and his attorneys claimed that the speech was copyrighted and the recording violated that copyright. The court found in favor of Dr. King. Among the papers filed in the case and available at the National Archives at New York City is a deposition given by Martin Luther King, Jr. and signed in his own hand. [PAR] Educational Activities [PAR] Discussion Questions: [PAR] What was the official name for the event on August 28th, 1963? What does this title tell us about its focus? [PAR] What organizations were involved in the the March on Washington? What does this tell us about the event? [PAR] How does Martin Luther King, Jr. describe his writing process? [PAR] What are the major issues of this case? In other words, what is Martin Luther King, Jr. disputing? [PAR] How does Martin Luther King, Jr. describe his earlier speech on June 23rd in Detroit? [PAR] How does Martin Luther King, Jr. compare and contrast the two \"I have a dream...\" speeches? What are the major similarities and differences?[DOC] [TLE] Civil Rights March on Washington (History, Facts, Martin ... Civil Rights March on Washington (History, Facts, Martin Luther King Jr.) [PAR] Civil Rights March on Washington [PAR] All about the March on Washington, August 28, 1963 [PAR] by Shmuel Ross [PAR] Civil Rights Timeline [PAR] The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. Attended by some 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation's capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage. [PAR] Background [PAR] 1963 was noted for racial unrest and civil rights demonstrations. Nationwide outrage was sparked by media coverage of police actions in Birmingham, Alabama, where attack dogs and fire hoses were turned against protestors, many of whom were in their early teens or younger. Martin Luther King, Jr., was arrested and jailed during these protests, writing his famous \"Letter From Birmingham City Jail,\" which advocates civil disobedience against unjust laws. Dozens of additional demonstrations took place across the country, from California to New York, culminating in the March on Washington. President Kennedy backed a Civil Rights Act, which was stalled in Congress by the summer. [PAR] Coalition [PAR] The March on Washington represented a coalition of several civil rights organizations, all of which generally had different approaches and different agendas. The \"Big Six\" organizers were James Farmer, of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE); Martin Luther King, Jr. , of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); John Lewis, of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); A. Philip Randolph , of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; Roy Wilkins, of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Business | Russian businessman buys Chelsea BBC NEWS | Business | Russian businessman buys Chelsea [PAR] Russian businessman buys Chelsea [PAR] Chelsea are one of England's most successful clubs [PAR] Chelsea football club is to be bought by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in a deal worth \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd140m ($233m). [PAR] The surprise takeover - the biggest in British football history - was finalised late on Tuesday after talks with long-time chairman Ken Bates. [PAR] He bought the club in 1982 for just \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1, while taking on debts of \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1.5m. [PAR] Although the club has prospered, debts have grown and it is estimated the new owner will stump up \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd80m to cover them. [PAR] On top of that, Mr Abramovich is buying just over half the shares of Chelsea Village, which owns the football club, for 35 pence each - putting the total value of the club's shares at \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd59.3m. [PAR] The Russian businessman pledged to plough even more resources into the club while Mr Bates said the deal would move Chelsea onto the \"next level\". [PAR] Profile: Roman Abramovich [PAR] \"We are delighted to agree this deal to acquire what is already one of the top clubs in Europe,\" Mr Abramovich said. [PAR] \"We have the resources and ambition to achieve even more given the huge potential of this great club.\" [PAR] Mr Abramovich is one of the major shareholders in Sibneft, one of Russia's largest oil companies, and \"a keen follower of sport and international football,\" a statement said. [PAR] Mr Abramovich also has significant interests in Russia's aluminium industry, and until recently owned a sizeable stake in Russian airline Aeroflot - the sale of which may have funded the Chelsea buyout. [PAR] KEN BATES [PAR] Self-made millionaire from ready-mix concrete [PAR] Bought a struggling Chelsea for \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1 in 1982 [PAR] In 1985 he wanted to install electric fences to control crowd trouble at Stamford Bridge [PAR] In 1991 he ran into controversy when it was alleged Chelsea made illegal payments to players - the club was fined \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd105,000 [PAR] The TV interests were significant, \"as in the modern game today TV rights are what it's all about,\" he said. [PAR] \"Football has been in terrible trouble in this country recently - it's clocked up huge debts and the transfer market has collapsed,\" he added. [PAR] \"I think what this could signal is the arrival of overseas sugar daddies. [PAR] \"If this is the start of the super-rich invaders it'll be very, very interesting to see how the fans react to it.\" [PAR] Misgivings [PAR] One Chelsea fan told the BBC he was shocked by the news. [PAR] \"I think it's disgraceful because I always thought that Ken Bates was Mr Chelsea.\"[DOC] [TLE] Famous Football Takeovers: Chelsea Football Club & Roman ... Famous Football Takeovers: Chelsea Football Club & Roman Abramovich - Pundit Arena [PAR] Home Football English Football Chelsea Famous Football Takeovers: Chelsea Football Club & Roman Abramovich [PAR] Famous Football Takeovers: Chelsea Football Club & Roman Abramovich [PAR] Michael McKenna March 24, 2014 385 Views [PAR] Email [PAR] Chelsea Football Club was once an above average team playing in the top flight in England in the 21st century, never proving proved to be spectacular. However, the footballing landscape in London changed immeasurably when Roman Abramovich bought the club from Ken Bates in 2003. [PAR] Roman Abramovich became the first billionaire to purchase an English club, with his acquisition of the Blues. Since his takeover, many Middle eastern investors have followed suit, but Abramovich set the trend. [PAR] Abramovich bought the club in June"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phobophobia: The Fear of Phobias - Calm Clinic Learn About Phobophobia: The Fear of Phobias [PAR] Phobias SHARE [PAR] Learn About Phobophobia: The Fear of Phobias [PAR] Phobias are intense, irrational fears caused by non-dangerous stimuli. Examples of common phobias include arachnophobia (fear of spiders), social phobia (fear of social situations), and acrophobia (fear of heights). There are even phobias of long words and left handed people. [PAR] But what you may not have known is that some people have a fear of phobias. It's known as phobophobia, and in some ways it's more common than you may think. [PAR] Have a Phobia? What About Anxiety? [PAR] Find out what your anxiety says about you and how you can treat it by taking my free 7 minute anxiety test now. [PAR] Start the test here . [PAR] How Phobophobia Works [PAR] Experts are somewhat mixed on whether or not phobophobia is common. The truth is that it seems to affect those that already have fears or phobias, which may imply that it's not a phobia itself, but rather a symptom of the phobia. Make sure you've taken my anxiety test yet if you haven't already. [PAR] But the idea behind phobophobia is that there are those that are either: [PAR] Intensely afraid of phobia/anxiety symptoms, or [PAR] Intensely afraid of developing a phobia. [PAR] Many people experience the former. Those with panic attacks or severe anxiety are actually very prone to experiencing \"fear of fear,\" where they become very fearful about experiencing another attack of anxiety \u2013 especially anxiety with severe physical symptoms. [PAR] The symptoms of anxiety can be so severe that they cause immense distress, and in some cases make the person either feel like they're having a heart attack or feel like something is seriously wrong with their health. Many just develop a fear because it's so difficult to deal with anxiety symptoms. [PAR] For those with phobias, this may be considered its own symptom of the phobia. But if you experience anxiety so strong over the idea of encountering your phobia, your psychologist may want to consider it a separate disorder. [PAR] Getting a Fear of Having a New Phobia [PAR] Of course, much rarer would be a fear of developing a phobia. This is likely more common in those with many phobias that seem to develop them quickly. They may start to believe or fear that they are destined for another phobia, thus causing them intense anxiety. This is of course much less common. You Can Fear Anything [PAR] Phobias are often not something a person can control, and no matter how irrational a fear may be, it's usually difficult for someone's own willpower to overcome it. Those with phobias often know they're irrational, but can't control the fear. But the good news is that nearly all phobias can be cured, so you do not have to live with these symptoms forever. [PAR] I've helped thousands of people overcome their anxiety and phobias starting with my free 7 minute anxiety test. Take the test now to learn more about your own anxiety and what you can do to cure it."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 26 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Banksy - scribd.com 26 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Banksy [PAR] 26 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Banksy [PAR] Download [PAR] Description [PAR] One of the world\u2019s most entertaining and controversial artists of the day is the mysterious street artist known as Banksy. He\u2019s renowned for blasting his creations on walls, and has gained internat... [PAR] One of the world\u2019s most entertaining and controversial artists of the day is the mysterious street artist known as Banksy. He\u2019s renowned for blasting his creations on walls, and has gained international fame. He\u2019s sort of like a modern day rapscallion, a devil-may-care rogue who dances to his own beat. Perhaps only a few know his secret identity, but as of yet, nothing concrete has emerged to the public. So, let\u2019s check out some interesting facts about the artist Banksy."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teide Volcano in the Canary Islands | Volcano Teide Teide Volcano in the Canary Islands | Volcano Teide [PAR] [PAR] Teide Volcano [PAR] Mount Teide is the third highest volcanic structure and most voluminous in the world after Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It is the highest peak on the Canary Islands and in the whole of Spain. [PAR] The formation began 170,000 years ago following the giant collapse of the former volcanic edifice, which was even bigger than the one that stands today. That is how Las Ca\u00f1adas caldera was formed. Today we can only see part of the escarpment because as the inside of Teide grew, it gradually filled the caldera with its materials. [PAR] Stratovolcanoes grow because the successive lava eruptions, with increasingly viscous lava, settle one on top of another. In the last 20,000 years, most eruptions (Monta\u00f1a Blanca, Pico Cabras, etc.) have taken place around the base of Teide, because it is harder for lava to spew from the very peak at such a great height. [PAR] According to the beliefs of the Canary Island aboriginals (guanches), Guayota, the king of evil, the devil, lived inside Teide (hell), and he kidnapped the god Magec (god of light and sun), and took him down inside Teide. The guanches asked Acham\u00e1n - their supreme god - for mercy, and he managed to defeat Guayota, rescue Magec from the bowels of Teide and plug up the crater. It is said that the whitish plug that Acham\u00e1n put in place is the last cone of the volcano, crowning Teide. [PAR] In the classical world, Teide was the source of great fascination. Even the Greek historian Herodotus mentioned Teide twice: \u201c(\u2026) Atlas is lofty and has a cylindrical form. It is said to stand so tall that one cannot see its summit on account of the clouds which in summer as well as winter envelope it, and it is called by the inhabitants a Pillar of Heaven (\u2026)\u201d. The other quote reads as follows: \u201c(\u2026) There is a hill of salt called Atlas that is round and steep and so lofty that its summit cannot be clearly discerned (\u2026)\u201d. [PAR] In his work called \"Naturalis Historia\" the Roman author, Pliny the Elder, (AD 24-79) mentions the snow sighted by the expedition that King Juba II sent to the islands: \u201c(\u2026) Ninguaria, so named from its perpetual snow, wrapped in cloud (\u2026)\u201d. [PAR] During the Renaissance, many historians and adventurers begin to identify and relate the Atlantic islands with the remains of Atlantis, and Teide with Mount Atlas, with the Canary Islands representing the highest parts of the sunken continent. [PAR] In the era of European expansion, Teide, with its imposing height, was considered to be the highest mountain in the world, since it was used as a navigation beacon in the Atlantic Ocean by southbound Spanish, Portuguese and British seafarers. [PAR] Select type of activity:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Social class, swearing and sex permeate J.K. Rowling's ... Social class, swearing and sex permeate J.K. Rowling's first adult book - CNN.com [PAR] Social class, swearing and sex permeate J.K. Rowling's first adult book [PAR] By Laura Smith-Spark and Erin McLaughlin, CNN [PAR] Updated 8:25 PM ET, Thu September 27, 2012 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] J.K. Rowling's new book not for kids 02:19 [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] \"A big, ambitious, brilliant, profane, funny,\" upsetting and eloquent novel, says one critic [PAR] \"The Casual Vacancy\" is J.K. Rowling's first book for adults [PAR] The plot centers on a local election in a fictional small English town [PAR] \"This is definitely not a book for children,\" writes New York Times reviewer [PAR] Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling's first adult novel went on sale amid a buzz of anticipation Thursday -- but reviews suggest those hoping for a repeat of the charms and wizardry of the Hogwarts books may be disappointed. [PAR] \"The Casual Vacancy\" is firmly aimed at those in the grown-up world, with the writer's pen dissecting social inequality, small-town politics and snobbery -- with sex, abuse and a mouthful of swearing thrown in for good measure. [PAR] Muggle moms await J.K. Rowling's first adult book [PAR] Set in the fictional town of Pagford, in western England, it centers on a local election following the death of a parish councilman -- and relies on what reviewers agree is a cast of finely drawn but generally unpleasant characters to bring this insular world to life. [PAR] \"We are firmly in Muggle-land -- about as far from the enchanted world of Harry Potter as we can get,\" wrote Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] MUST WATCH [PAR] Life after Potter 00:52 [PAR] \"There is no magic in this book -- in terms of wizarding or in terms of narrative sorcery. Instead, this novel for adults is filled with a variety of people like Harry's aunt and uncle, Petunia and Vernon Dursley: self-absorbed, small-minded, snobbish and judgmental folks, whose stories neither engage nor transport us.\" [PAR] The Guardian newspaper's Theo Tait judges it \"a solid, traditional and determinedly unadventurous English novel\" but praises Rowling's depiction of the \"claustrophobic horror\" of a small-town community, with plenty of scheming and \"everyone knowing everyone.\" [PAR] Sales of the book, which was released in paper, online and e-book form in Britain and the United States on Thursday morning, will no doubt be closely watched. [PAR] But while Rowling's publisher, Little Brown, and booksellers seem confident the tome will prove a bestseller, the mad rush and predawn lines that awaited some of the Potter releases were not in evidence. [PAR] Early sales seemed slow at a central London branch of the Waterstone's bookstore chain, where stacks of the hardback novel, with its stridently red and yellow cover, were unwrapped and ready for buyers. [PAR] Opinion: J.K. Rowling explains why muggles are obsessed with class [PAR] Waterstone's spokeswoman Debs Tilley said preorders had been \"fantastic,\" suggesting Rowling commands a legion of devoted readers willing to give her new venture a try, even if they're not beating down the doors to the store. [PAR] \"Having known and loved her writing for the past 15 years, the world has been waiting to see what she did next,\" Tilley said. \" 'The Casual Vacancy' has reminded us all just how popular she is and how committed her fans are.\" [PAR] Store manager Lori Fazio of R.J. Julia Booksellers in"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] CTA Facts at a Glance - Transit Chicago CTA Facts at a Glance [PAR] CTA Facts at a Glance [PAR] Spring 2016 [PAR] Service Overview [PAR] The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) operates the nation\u2019s second largest public transportation system. On an average weekday, 1.6 million rides are taken on CTA. The CTA is a regional transit system that serves 35 suburbs, in addition to the City of Chicago, and provides 83 percent of the public transit trips in the six-county Chicago metropolitan area either with direct service or connecting service to Metra and Pace. [PAR] CTA has 1,888 buses that operate 130 routes and 1,301 route miles. Buses make about 18,843 trips a day and serve 10,813 bus stops. [PAR] On the rapid transit system, CTA\u2019s 1,492 rail cars operate eight routes and 224.1 miles of track. CTA trains make about 2,276 trips each day and serve 145 stations. [PAR] Chicago is one of the few cities in the world that has rail service to two major airports. CTA\u2019s Blue Line \u2018L\u2019 can take customers to O\u2019Hare International Airport. Orange Line trains, which operate clockwise on the Loop \u2018L\u2019 structure, travel to Midway Airport. [PAR] CTA also provides around-the-clock service on certain routes. During late night and early morning hours, major rail lines and some of CTA\u2019s bus routes offer \u201cNight Owl\u201d service, much of it with connecting schedules and routing. [PAR] Organization [PAR] Chicago Transit Authority is an independent governmental agency created by state legislation. CTA began operating on Oct. 1, 1947, after it acquired the properties of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines. On Oct. 1, 1952, CTA became the predominant operator of Chicago transit when it purchased the Chicago Motor Coach system. [PAR] Governance & oversight [PAR] The governing arm of CTA is the Chicago Transit Board. Terry Peterson serves as chairman. The board consists of seven members, four appointed by the Mayor of Chicago and three by the Governor of Illinois. [PAR] The Mayor\u2019s appointees are subject to the approval of the Governor and the Chicago City Council; the Governor\u2019s appointees are subject to the approval of the Mayor and the Illinois State Senate. CTA\u2019s day-to-day operations are directed by Dorval R. Carter, Jr., president. [PAR] CTA generates revenue from both farebox collections and nonfarebox revenues, and also receives supplemental funding for operating expenses through the Regional Transportation Authority (RTA). [PAR] The RTA was established in 1974 to oversee local transportation operators in the six-county Chicago metropolitan area. Illinois state law requires the three RTA service boards\u2014 CTA, Metra (the suburban rail system) and Pace (the suburban bus system) \u2014 to recover collectively at least 50 percent of operating costs from farebox and other system revenues."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Kenwright - Coronation Street Wiki - Wikia Bill Kenwright | Coronation Street Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Bill Kenwright CBE (born 4th September , 1945 in Liverpool ) is a British actor and theatrical producer who played Gordon Clegg on Coronation Street from 1968 to 1969 , and then intermittently until 1995 . The part was taken over by Geoffrey Leesley for guest appearances in 2002 and 2004 before Bill reprised the role for the episodes following the death of Gordon's mother Betty in 2012 . Prior to his casting on the Street, Bill was a contemporary of Paul McCartney's in school and became a part-time drama student at the Liverpool Playhouse. At the age of 17 he was invited to join the National Youth Theatre's tour of Europe followed by a short season in the West End. A year later he was awarded a place to read English Literature at Manchester University but immediately upon arrival made his way to Granada 's Quay Street studios and asked for work. To his amazement he was taken on to appear in The Villains and then appeared in Strike Pay and First Timers before Coronation Street. He went on to appear in the 1972 film Carry on Matron and an episode of The Liver Birds the same year. [PAR] Bill gave up full-time acting in the mid 1970s to become a highly successful theatrical producer, his biggest hits being West End production Blood Brothers and a national tour of Joseph and the Amazing Techincolour Dreamcoat. He had a minor stint as a recording artist in the late 1960s , and now owns his own record label. Bill staged a successful takeover of Everton Football Club in 1999 , and became the chairman in 2004 .[DOC] [TLE] Bill Kenwright : definition of Bill Kenwright and synonyms ... Bill Kenwright : definition of Bill Kenwright and synonyms of Bill Kenwright (English) [PAR] Bill Kenwright CBE (born 4 September 1945, in Liverpool , Merseyside , England ) is a leading West End theatre producer and film producer . [PAR] He is also the Chairman of Everton Football Club , an English professional football club from the city of Liverpool . [PAR] He attended Booker Avenue County Primary School, and then Liverpool Institute High School from 1957 to 1964 and appeared in school productions (including Shylock in The Merchant of Venice ) on the stage in the Mount St. building (predecessor to LIPA ). He was also treasurer of the Christian Union at school. [PAR] In 2007 Kenwright was a judge in the BBC1 television series \" Any Dream Will Do .\" [PAR] Contents [PAR] 9 External links [PAR] Theatre [PAR] Kenwright is one of the UK 's most successful theatre producers , best known for the long-running West End hit Blood Brothers and the record breaking tour of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat . Other recent productions have included West End runs of Whistle Down The Wind at the Palace Theatre , Festen in London, on a UK tour and now on Broadway, The Big Life , Elmina's Kitchen , Scrooge - The Musical, The Night Of The Iguana , A Few Good Men , A Man For All Seasons alongside UK tours of Jesus Christ Superstar ,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Parietal Lobe Anatomy & Pictures | Body Maps Parietal Lobe Anatomy & Pictures | Body Maps [PAR] Your message has been sent. [PAR] OK [PAR] We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Parietal lobe [PAR] The parietal lobe is located near the center of the brain, behind the frontal lobe, in front of the occipital lobe, and above the temporal lobe. [PAR] The parietal lobe contains an area known as the primary sensory area. This is where impulses from the skin, such as warmth, cold, pain, and touch, are interpreted. Just like the primary motor area in the frontal lobe, the more sensory input that comes from an area of the body (like the fingers), the more surface area of the parietal lobe is involved in the processing of that information. [PAR] The parietal lobe is also an essential element of spatial information, which gives us the ability to judge size, distance, and shapes. A specific triangular-shaped area known as the parietal association cortex gives us the ability to understand written language and solve mathematical problems. [PAR] The left hemisphere of the parietal lobe is often more active in right-handed people. This lobe is known for handling the symbolism of letters and numbers. The right hemisphere tends to be more active in left-handed people and helps with the interpretation of images and spatial distances within them, such as those that exist in maps. Regardless of handedness, people are not \u201cright brained\u201d or \u201cleft brained\u201d; we use both sides of our parietal lobe.[DOC] [TLE] Cognitive Skills of the Brain - Brain Injury Alliance of Utah Cognitive Skills of the Brain - Brain Injury Alliance of Utah [PAR] Cognitive Skills of the Brain [PAR] [PAR] Because the brain in the central hub for the all of the body\u2019s functions, understanding how this organ works can be helpful in terms of understanding Traumatic Brain Injury. [PAR] There are six components inside of the brain; the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellum and the brain stem. Read below to understand the functions of each part of the brain, the roles they play in the body\u2019s overall health, and observed problems in behavior or well being if that particular part of the brain is injured. [PAR] [PAR] Frontal Lobe [PAR] The frontal lobe links and integrates all components of behavior at the highest level. Emotion and social adjustment and impulse control are also localized here. Injury to parts of the frontal lobe may cause an inability to move part of the body or the whole side of the body. Speech may become halting, disorganized or be stopped except for single explosive words. Personality may change. Social rules of behavior may be disregarded. The executive functions, planning, abstract reasoning, impulse control, sustained attention and insight are all located here. The frontal lobe is highly susceptible to injury. [PAR] Functions [PAR] Emotion (i.e., depression, anxiety, personality changes, aggression, acting out, and social inappropriateness). [PAR] Parietal Lobe [PAR] The parietal lobe is largely responsible for construction ability and language. Injury to the front parts of this lobe may cause someone to lose sensation on parts of the body. With an injury in this area, one may become disoriented. Recall of long term memories may be mixed up in time or sequencing. They may become easily lost or confuse left and right. They may have difficulty recognizing or naming what they see. Injury may also produce disorders in the ability to read,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Greek Flag - Alexandros The Greek Flag [PAR] The Greek Flag [PAR] The pattern and colors of the Greek Flag have changed somewhat since the Revolution of the Hellenic Nation in 1821. Many people wonder why the founders of Democracy have chosen the symbols, pattern and colors that appear on the National Flag of Greece. It is difficult to reveal the true intentions of the people responsible for the selection of the flag. [PAR] The design, symbols and pattern of the Flag [PAR] The stripes represent the number of the syllables in the phrase: Eleftheria i Thanatos (Liberty or Death). Liberty or Death was the motto during the years of the Hellenic Revolution against the Ottoman Empire in the 19nth century [Others claim that the stripes reflect the number of letters in the Greek word for Freedom Eleftheria]. This word stirred the heart of the oppressed Greeks, it created intense emotions and inspired them to fight and gain their freedom after 400 years of slavery. The striped pattern was chosen because of its similarity with the wavy sea that surrounds the shores of Greece. The interchange of blue and white colors makes the Greek Flag on a windy day to look like the Aegean Pelagos (sea). Only the quaint islands are missing! The Hellenic Square Cross that rests on the upper left-side of the flag and occupies one fourth of the total area demonstrates the respect and the devotion the Hellenic people have for the Greek Orthodox Church and signifies the important role of Christianity in the formation of the modern Hellenic Nation. During the dark years of the Ottoman rule, the Greek Orthodox Church helped the enslaved Greeks to retain their cultural characteristics: the Hellenic language, the Byzantine religion and generally the Hellenic ethnic identity, by the institution of the Crypha Scholia (secret schools). The Crypha Scholia were a web of schools that operated secretly throughout Greece and were committed in transmitting to Greeks the wonders of their ancestors and the rest of their cultural heritage. Today, Christianity is still the dominant religion among Greeks. Therefore, the significance of the Cross is justified. [PAR] The colors of the Flag [PAR] Blue and White. These two colors symbolize the blue of the Hellenic Sea and the Whiteness of its restless waves! According to the mythic legends, the Goddess of Beauty and Love, Aphrodite (Venus) emerged from these waves. In addition, it reflects the blue of the Hellenic Sky and the White of the few clouds in it. There are some who speculate that the blue and white symbolize the similar color of the clothing (vrakes) of the Greek sailors during the War of Independence. [PAR] Copyright Alexandros \u00a9 1996"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bobby Kennedy is assassinated - Jun 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com Bobby Kennedy is assassinated - Jun 05, 1968 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Bobby Kennedy is assassinated [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Senator Robert Kennedy is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles after winning the California presidential primary. Immediately after he announced to his cheering supporters that the country was ready to end its fractious divisions, Kennedy was shot several times by the 22-year-old Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. He died a day later. [PAR] The summer of 1968 was a tempestuous time in American history. Both the Vietnam War and the anti-war movement were peaking. Martin Luther King Jr. had been assassinated in the spring, igniting riots across the country. In the face of this unrest, President Lyndon B. Johnson decided not to seek a second term in the upcoming presidential election. Robert Kennedy, John\u2019s younger brother and former U.S. Attorney General, stepped into this breach and experienced a groundswell of support. [PAR] Kennedy was perceived by many to be the only person in American politics capable of uniting the people. He was beloved by the minority community for his integrity and devotion to the civil rights cause. After winning California\u2019s primary, Kennedy was in the position to receive the Democratic nomination and face off against Richard Nixon in the general election. [PAR] As star athletes Rafer Johnson and Roosevelt Grier accompanied Kennedy out a rear exit of the Ambassador Hotel, Sirhan Sirhan stepped forward with a rolled up campaign poster, hiding his .22 revolver. He was only a foot away when he fired several shots at Kennedy. Grier and Johnson wrestled Sirhan to the ground, but not before five bystanders were wounded. Grier was distraught afterward and blamed himself for allowing Kennedy to be shot. [PAR] Sirhan, who was born in Palestine, confessed to the crime at his trial and received a death sentence on March 3, 1969. However, since the California State Supreme Court invalidated all death penalty sentences in 1972, Sirhan has spent the rest of his life in prison. According to the New York Times, he has since said that he believed Kennedy was \u201cinstrumental\u201d in the oppression of Palestinians. Hubert Humphrey ended up running for the Democrats in 1968, but lost by a small margin to Nixon. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] June 1968 - Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated at the ... June 1968 - Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated at the Ambassador Hotel | KCET [PAR] June 1968 - Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated at the Ambassador Hotel [PAR] Elson Trinidad [PAR] Elson Trinidad is the Managing Editor of KCET's 50th Anniversary website. On KCET.org's blogs, he also writes the \"Transpacific Routes\" column on the waves and currents of So Cal's Asian/Pacific Islander communities, and the \"Concrete and Chaparral\" column on our local urban and native ecosystems. [PAR] 2014-09-24T10:09:00-07:00 [PAR] Pin on Pinterest Share on LinkedIn Share on Google+ [PAR] Robert F. Kennedy shaking hands with students in Garden Grove on June 3, 1968, three days before he died. | Photo: Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive /UCLA Library, Digital Collections/ Creative Commons License [PAR] On June 5, 1968, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a candidate for the Democratic nomination for president, was shot following a speech at the Ambassador Hotel on Wilshire Boulevard. [PAR] On the night of June 4, the date of the California primary election, Kennedy addressed supporters at the hotel's Embassy Ballroom, declaring his victory in the primary four hours after polls had closed. Following the speech, he was being led through the kitchen en route to a press conference in another room."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Army of Northern Virginia - American Experience The Army of Northern Virginia . Robert E. Lee . WGBH American Experience | PBS [PAR] Other General Articles [PAR] The Army of Northern Virginia, commonly referred to as \"Lee's Army,\" was the Confederacy's main fighting force in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War. Strategically, the Eastern Theater was arguably the most important battleground of the Civil War; comprising the states of Virginia, West Virginia Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia, this zone was home to the capital cities of the Union and the Confederacy, as well as site of the War's most famous battles. [PAR] Originally called the Confederate Army of the Potomac, the confederate forces were renamed the Army of Northern Virginia when Robert E. Lee assumed command on June 1, 1862, in a battle to defend the city of Richmond from Union forces. Before taking command of the Army [PAR] of Northern Virginia, Lee had had limited success, suffering a string of defeats in the early stages of the War. But in Richmond, Lee sought to inspire his troops by drawing upon Virginia's storied military tradition, telling them that \"every man has resolved to maintain the ancient fame of the Army of Northern Virginia and the reputation of its general and to conquer or die in the approaching contest.\" [PAR] The newly created Army of Northern Virginia, however, had no ancient fame. Its first conflict, dubbed the Seven Days' Battles, was gruesome and exhausting, but it would define the character of Lee's soldiers; they were tough, resilient, and willing to suffer great casualties to push the Union forces back. [PAR] During battle, the Army of Northern Virginia numbered between 54,000 and 92,000 men. The soldiers came from every state in the Confederacy and their average age was 25. The geographic diversity of the force presented some interesting challenges: Lee's troops, for example, did not share a common uniform or pattern of speech. Diversity in the ranks, however, meant that collectively the army was knowledgeable in every landscape from the Louisiana bayous to the Appalachian mountain trails. In the summer of 1862, Lee made the Army of Northern Virginia his own -- instilling discipline and order. He consolidated power in the few commanders he had come to trust, most of whom were members of the southern gentry. [PAR] From 1861 to 1865, the Army of Northern Virginia fought in dozens of major battles including the decisive confrontations at Antietam, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg. The Army of Northern Virginia's brightest hour came in December 1862 at Fredericksburg. In a war infamous for high casualty engagements, the Army of Northern Virginia inflicted 12,653 casualties while only losing 5,377 men. [PAR] \"The Army of Northern Virginia is an army that has really sort of a split personality,\" historian Peter S. Carmichael says in Robert E. Lee. \"One personality is this extraordinary confidence in their leader, extraordinary high morale, a belief they can\u2019t be conquered. But at the same time it is an army that was being worn down. Lee was pushing these men beyond, beyond the logistical capacity of that army.\" [PAR] [PAR] Throughout the war, the soldiers of the Army of Northern Virginia were often ill supplied and underfed. Many fought barefoot and without the basic clothing provided for their adversaries. As early as 1862, Lee expressed his dissatisfaction, stating that his troops \"barely get bread from day to day.\" Lack of food and supplies led to widespread desertion and disorder. By the end of the war, one brigade commander reported that 1,157 men in his column were absent without"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the V&A and the Schools of Design study guide ... Physick, John, The Victoria and Albert Museum, the history of its building. London: V&A, 1982 [PAR] Pressmark: Ref 708.21 PHY [PAR] Victoria and Albert Museum, A Grand design: the art of the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications with the Baltimore Museum of Art, 1997 [PAR] Pressmark: Ref 708.21 VIC/GRA [PAR] Further reading [PAR] Barontini, Chiara, 'From the library of the School of Design to the National Art Library: 150 Years of art librarianship.' M.A. thesis, School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College London, 1993 [PAR] Pressmark: 21.G.82 [PAR] Barontini, Chiara, The National Art Library and its buildings: from Somerset House to South Kensington. London: National Art Library, 1995 [PAR] Pressmark: NJ.95.0358 [PAR] Barringer, Tim, 'The South Kensington Museum and the mid-Victorian moment.' In: Victorian: the style of empire; selected proceedings of the Fourth Annual Decorative Arts Institute. Toronto: Decorative Arts Institute, about 1996. [PAR] Pressmark: 47.Y.2319 [PAR] Bonython, Elizabeth. \"Index to the Henry Cole diaries, 1822\u20131882, held in the National Art Library, Victoria & Albert Museum.\" 5 vols. Unpublished typescript, National Art Library, V&A, about 1992. [PAR] 5 volumes, alphabetically arranged by names and subjects. See entries under: South Kensington File and Schools of Art (Design) [PAR] Pressmark: Ref 016.091 BON [PAR] Bonython, Elizabeth, King Cole: a picture portrait of Sir Henry Cole, KCB., 1808\u20131882. London: V&A, 1982. [PAR] Pressmark: 190.H.117 [PAR] History of art education and the Schools of Design [PAR] Bell, Quentin, The Schools of Design. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963 [PAR] Pressmark: 90.F.47 [PAR] Denis, Raphael Cardoso, 'The Brompton Barracks: war, peace and the rise of Victorian art and design education.' Journal of Design History 8, no.1 (1995) [PAR] Pressmark: PP.2.O [PAR] Frayling, Christopher, The Royal College of Art: one hundred and fifty years of art and design. London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1987 [PAR] Pressmark: 504.C.112 [PAR] MacDonald, Stuart, The history and philosophy of art education. London: University of London, 1970 [PAR] Pressmark: 22.F.104 [PAR] Sparkes, John C.L., Schools of art: their origin, history, work, and influence. London: printed and published for the Executive Council of the International Health Exhibition and for the Council of the Society of Arts by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, 1884. [PAR] Published as part of the International Health Exhibition, 1884 [PAR] Pressmark: A.44 (2) [PAR] National competition prize winners and national scholars [PAR] Wallis, George, Catalogue of the exhibition of works of manufacture: designed or executed by students of the Schools of Art in connexion with the Science and Art Department of the Committee of Council on Education, South Kensington, London. London: HMSO, 1858 [PAR] Pressmark: 502.B.42 [PAR] Includes indexes of manufacturers, schools and student exhibitors. [PAR] Sparkes, John C.L., Schools of art: their origin, history, work, and influence. London: William Clowes & Sons, 1884 [PAR] Pressmark: A.44 (2) [PAR] Appendix F includes list of students, past and present, of the Training Class at South Kensington. Appendix G includes a list of National Scholars. [PAR] Wallis, George, 'The work of the students of the Schools of Art in Great Britain and Ireland, in connection with the Science and Art Department, South Kensington.' In: International Health Exhibition, 1884. Section II. Education. London: William Clowes & Sons, Limited, 1884. [PAR] Lists students who passed through the National Training School (Central School, Marlborough House and South Kensington) from 1853 and a list of National Scholars Central School, South Kensington. [PAR] Pressmark: A.44 (3) ; photocopies of lists of students at Ref 745.44941 CEN [PAR] Report of the examiners on the works sent from various schools"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Letter Tiles Are in Scrabble? - Board/Card Games How Many Letter Tiles Are in Scrabble? [PAR] How Many Letter Tiles Are in Scrabble? [PAR] By Erik Arneson [PAR] Updated September 28, 2016. [PAR] Scrabble is the most popular word game ever published. This is part of our Scrabble FAQ . [PAR] There are exactly 100 tiles in Scrabble, distributed this way (read more about Scrabble's tile distribution ): [PAR] Blank/Wild: 2 tiles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Peter D. A. Boyd's paper on Shrewsbury, Charles Darwin and ... Peter D. A. Boyd's paper on Shrewsbury, Charles Darwin and the Darwin Country website [PAR] Charles Robert 1809-1882 [PAR] Emily Catherine 1810-1866. [PAR] Charles's sisters had a great influence on his upbringing and were important correspondents, keeping him in touch with news of Shrewsbury when he was away from it. Susan Darwin lived at The Mount until her death in 1866. She was the last member of the Darwin Family to live there. The sale details of the house and contents provide an insight into the nature of the household and way of life of the Darwins in Shrewsbury. [PAR] Shrewsbury and the Darwins [PAR] Shrewsbury is the County Town of Shropshire. Shropshire is England's largest inland county with Wales bordering it on its west side. The historic town centre of Shrewsbury is within a loop of the River Severn. It is well known for its historic buildings including Norman castle, medieval abbey, timber-framed tudor buildings, fine churches and museums. The remains of the Roman town of Viroconium (Uriconium) at Wroxeter and the Ironbridge Gorge ('Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution') are nearby. [PAR] Shrewsbury is a popular destination for visitors not only because of the interests of the town itself and the nearby heritage sites but also for the wonderful countryside of hills, valleys, rivers, lakes, moors and mountains within easy reach. This was the countryside in which Charles Darwin was brought up and which influenced his lifelong interest in natural history. [PAR] Visitors to Shrewsbury can walk the same streets and passage-ways (shuts) that Charles and his family walked. Parts of Shrewsbury are very little changed from his time and many buildings associated with him may be seen (even though the interiors of some are not open to the public). [PAR] Among the many places that visitors may see in Shrewsbury include:- [PAR] \u00b7 'The Mount', where CD was born, and some remaining features of its gardens (access limited) [PAR] \u00b7 St Chad's Church, opposite The Quarry Park, where CD was christened [PAR] \u00b7 The Unitarian Chapel on the High Street, attended by CD and his mother (contains an interesting memorial to CD) [PAR] \u00b7 Site of Rev. Case's day school on Claremont Hill attended by CD (private house not open to the public) [PAR] \u00b7 The old Shrewsbury School building near the Castle attended by CD as a boarder (now the public library) [PAR] \u00b7 The Bell-stone in the precincts of the Morris Hall (glacial erratic shown to CD by Mr Cotton -said to be CD's introduction to geology) [PAR] \u00b7 The bronze statue of CD erected in 1897 outside the old Shrewsbury School building [PAR] \u00b7 A bronze statue (erected in 2000) at the present Shrewsbury School site - representing a younger CD [PAR] \u00b7 Shrewsbury Museum and Art Gallery (new Darwin displays planned) [PAR] Shrewsbury can also form a base to visit various sites further afield including:- [PAR] \u00b7 The grave and memorial of Dr Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin at Montford Church (a few miles north west of Shrewsbury). [PAR] \u00b7 the Wedgwood Museum, Barlaston, Stoke on Trent - pictures, documents and other items associated with the Darwin and Wedgwood families (see http://www.wedgwoodmuseum.org.uk ) [PAR] \u00b7 Lichfield - home of Erasmus Darwin (CD's grandfather) from 1756-1781 (see http://www.lichfield.gov.uk and http://www.erasmus-darwin.org ). [PAR] The writer plans to create a virtual tour of the Shrewsbury sites on the Darwin Country website at http://www.darwincountry.org. However, real Darwinian visitors to Shrewsbury should make enquiries at the Tourist Information Centre in Shrewsbury for further details (see also"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Photograph of the Beehive Parliament Buildings Wellington Photograph of the Beehive Parliament Buildings Wellington [PAR] This photo shows the executive wing of the New Zealand Parliament Buildings that are known as the Beehive. [PAR] Beehive (building) [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] The Beehive is the common name for the Executive Wing of the New Zealand Parliament Buildings, located at the corner of Molesworth Street and Lambton Quay, Wellington. Designed by British architect Sir Basil Spence in 1964, the building was completed in 1981. [PAR] The building is ten storeys (72 m) high. The top floor is occupied by the Cabinet offices, with the Prime Minister's offices on the floor immediately below. Other floors contain the offices of individual cabinet ministers. [PAR] Other facilities within the building include function rooms such as a television studio, press theatre, and a banqueting hall, as well as service rooms, among which are the parliamentary catering facilities of Bellamy\ufffds. The building also houses, in its basement, the country\ufffds main civil defence headquarters. [PAR] The Beehive's circular footprint is an elegant and attractive design feature. However it is also quite impractical, as many of its rooms are wedge-shaped or asymmetrical, with desks and other office furniture at awkward angles. [PAR] The Beehive's brown roof is constructed from 20 tonnes of hand-welded copper. It has developed a naturally weathered appearance. [PAR] During the 1990s, there was a proposal to physically move the Beehive so as to allow for the extension of the Parliament Buildings. The plan was never carried out. [PAR] A tunnel leads from the building under Bowen Street, linking the Beehive with parliamentary offices in Bowen House. [PAR] The Beehive is extensively decorated with New Zealand art, notably a large stained glass window in the foyer that commemorates the country's 150th anniversary in 1990.[DOC] [TLE] 10 Most Beautiful Parliament Buildings | 10 Most Today 10 Most Beautiful Parliament Buildings - 10 Most Today [PAR] 10 Most Beautiful Parliament Buildings [PAR] Engineering & Architecture [PAR] 1. The Hungarian Parliament, Budapest \u2013 The Hungarian Parliament is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary. It resides on the bank of the Danube river , and is one of Budapest\u2019s most famous landmarks . Construction began in 1885 and ended in 1904, and today the building is still the largest in Hungary and tallest in Budapest. It is also one of Europe\u2019s oldest legislative buildings [PAR] Most Beautiful Parliament Buildings: The Hungarian Parliament [PAR] Most Beautiful Parliament Buildings: The Hungarian Parliament [PAR] 2. The Palace of Westminster, London \u2013 The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the Houses of Parliament of the United Kingdom, which are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The palace resides on the bank of River Thames , and along with the famous Big Ben , they are one of London\u2019s best attractions and one of Europe\u2019s most famous monuments [PAR] Most Beautiful Parliament Buildings: The Palace of Westminster [PAR] [PAR] 3. The Capitol, Washington DC \u2013 The United States Capitol is the seat of the United States Congress, located on top of Capitol Hill. Construction began in 1793 and was completed in 1800 [PAR] Most Beautiful Parliament Buildings: The Capitol, Washington DC [PAR] [PAR] 4. The Reichstag, Berlin \u2013 Since 1999 the Reichstag it is once again the meeting place of the German parliament: the Bundestag \u2013 the constitutional and legislative body in Germany. The Reichstag originally opened in 1894, and the building goes hand in hand with the history of Germany during the last 120 years. Tourists can visit (for free, but need"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Khmer National Army - Military Wiki - Wikia Khmer National Army | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] The oldest and largest branch of the Cambodian armed forces in terms of personnel and mat\u00e9riel, the Royal Khmer Army (French: Arm\u00e9e Royale Khm\u00e8re \u2013 ARK) was officially created on November 20, 1946, after the signing of a French-Khmer military agreement. [1] [2] Three days later, the first entirely Cambodian regular military unit, the 1st Khmer Rifle Battalion (French: 1\u00e9r Battaillon de Chasseurs Khm\u00e8res \u2013 1st BCK), was raised in Phnom Penh, formed by elements transferred from both the Khmer National Guard or \u2018Indigenous Guard\u2019 (French: Garde Indig\u00e8ne) and the Cambodian Rifle Regiment (French: R\u00e9giment de Chasseurs Cambodgiens \u2013 RCC) of the colonial French Union Army . A second rifle battalion (French: 2\u00e9me Battaillon de Chasseurs Khm\u00e8res \u2013 2nd BCK), created out from locally-recruited Khmer irregular auxiliaries (French: Suppl\u00e9tifs) was raised in Kratie in December that year. Led by a cadre of French officers and senior NCOs, and intended to be used on internal security operations to bolster French Far East Expeditionary Corps (CEFEO) regular troops, the new Khmer battalions saw their first combat in 1947 against Vietminh guerrilla forces in north-eastern Cambodia . Small-scale counter-insurgency operations, this time against the Cambodian nationalist Khmer Issarak rebel movement, continued over the next three years, during which the Khmer battalions gradually assumed responsibility for the defence of Battambang and Kampong Thom Provinces . [PAR] The ARK in the First Indochina War [PAR] Edit [PAR] This period saw a rapid expansion of ARK units \u2013 a third Rifle Battalion (3rd BCK) was raised in August 1948 at Tak\u00e9o , followed in January 1951 by other two rifle battalions (5th BCK and 6th BCK) at the French-run Pursat Infantry Training Center (French: Centre d\u2019Entrainement de Infanterie \u2013 CEI). Specialized formations were also raised. Two armoured car squadrons were formed, the 1st Reconnaissance Squadron (French: 1\u00e9r Esquadron de Reconnaissance Blind\u00e9e \u2013 1st ERB) in August 1950 and the 2nd Reconnaissance Squadron (French: 2\u00e9me Esquadron de Reconnaissance Blind\u00e9e \u2013 2nd ERB) in July 1951 at Phnom Penh, [3] and a Khmer Parachute Battalion (French: 1\u00e9r Battaillon Parachutiste Khm\u00e8r \u2013 1st BPK) was officially created in December 1952. [4] Two additional infantry battalions were raised in April 1953 \u2013 7th BCK in Siem Reap and 8th BCK at Ta Khmao, Kandal Province . [PAR] Although French-trained Khmer junior officers and NCOs slowly began to take a leading role over time, the ARK was still kept firmly under the control of French colonial authorities. By mid-1953, however, Khmer military personnel began not only to participate in anti-French nationalistic demonstrations calling for complete Cambodian independence, but they also deserted French-led units by the hundreds. In October that year, the French High Command finally agreed to transfer responsibility for Cambodian national security to the ARK; for that purpose, two new light infantry battalions were added in November, the 9th BCK raised in Svay Rieng and the 10th BCK at Prey Veng . On November 20, 1953, the Kingdom of Cambodia was granted full independence, though France maintained control over all Air and Naval assets, and the right to station CEFEO units in north-eastern Cambodia to guard its communications links with Tonkin. [5] [PAR] Pre-1970 organization [PAR] Edit [PAR] By January 1970, the Royal Khmer Army standed at about 35,000 Officers and enlisted men and women, organized according to French practice into 53 regiments (actually, battalions) and 13-15 regional independent companies; slightly over half were designated infantry battalions (French: Battaillons d\u2019Infanterie), and the remainder light infantry battalions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Drink Greek | Travel Squire Drink Greek- Travel Squire [PAR] Barbara Bonfigli First Glass Greece [PAR] A Retsina Revival Plan [PAR] There\u2019s a quick way to go broke in Greece, and I don\u2019t mean letting an octopus swallow your wallet. It\u2019s cocktails. Johnny Walker and Jim Beam only travel first class; mojitos and Blue Angels, strictly deluxe. So what\u2019s a thirsty traveler to do? Drink Greek. It\u2019s a lot easier than speaking it and you\u2019ll make new friends even faster. Greek beer and brandy can be inexpensive and delicious, and wine is the best bet of all. [PAR] Greece is a wine drinker\u2019s paradise thanks to eons of experience, perfect growing conditions, and the blessing of Bacchus, an ancient fun loving god whose only job is to lead you astray. Every region has its native grapes \u2013 the agiorgitiko, the robola, the savatiano, and its characteristic wines \u2013 the medium-bodied, fruity Nemea reds of the Peloponnese, the gentle, elegant Roditis whites from Patras, the sweet, luscious muscats from Samos. [PAR] Local wines can often be bought in bulk cheaply at small grocery stores. Bottled wines come in every price range; there are decent reds and whites for six euros, good ones for nine, and excellent ones for much less than you\u2019d pay in the U.S. or most other European countries. If you dislike a wine you\u2019ve ordered in a taverna, they\u2019ll usually replace it, knowing you don\u2019t know your agiorgitiko from your assyrtiko. [PAR] A great Greek white that costs peanuts is retsina, a simple white to which a little pine resin has been added. Retsina has been given a bad rap, starting about 500 B.C. when some picky Athenians turned up their Grecian noses at the scent and taste of pine resin. As far back as 2500 years ago, pine plugs were used to seal amphorae as wine was shipped throughout the Empire. People got to liking the piney flavor, then they noticed it kept them from getting headaches or hangovers in hot weather (this is history I\u2019m quoting, from the people who invented it.) Some foreigners think you\u2019re kidding when you order retsina. Others love it. I\u2019m in the lovers camp and I was born near Napa Valley which may be proof of reincarnation. [PAR] [PAR] In Caf\u00e9 Tempest: Adventures on a Small Greek Island, my sassy heroine Sarah has a love-hate relationship with retsina. She drinks it whenever she can and claims it can start your motor bike, remove your nail polish, and cure you of thought. I\u2019d been thinking of ways to promote my new novel, when a friend and I came up with the idea of inventing a cocktail based on retsina, the most distinctive and debated wine in all of Greece. We call it the Tempestini \u2013the world\u2019 first retsina cocktail\u2013 and the recipe is now featured on the official Caf\u00e9 Tempest website. Improbably delicious! [PAR] The Tempestini is part retsina, part Samos sweet wine, a dash of triple sec and a splash of unsweetened cranberry juice. It\u2019s sangria with attitude, a Mediterranean martini, easy to drink and hard to forget. We began serving them chilled at all the Cafe Tempest book events including delightful parties at the Greek Embassy in Washington D.C., the Greek Consul General\u2019s in Manhattan and the National Hellenic Museum in Chicago. At first people laughed especially Greeks. A retsina cocktail? You\u2019re kidding, right? Then they tasted it \u2026 and flipped! \u201cNe!\u201d (Yes) I say, speaking for Sarah and all the characters in Cafe Tempest who love Greece as much as I do. Could I play a small"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Gordon Brown - GOV.UK History of Gordon Brown - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] The Rt Hon David Cameron MP [PAR] Gordon Brown [PAR] Gordon Brown Labour 2007 to 2010 [PAR] Born [PAR] 20 February 1951, Giffnock, Glasgow, Scotland [PAR] Dates in office [PAR] Labour [PAR] Major acts [PAR] Climate Change Act 2008: to set a target for the year 2050 for the reduction of targeted greenhouse gas emissions. [PAR] Counter-Terrorism Act 2008: to confer further powers to gather and share information for counter-terrorism and other purposes. [PAR] Interesting facts [PAR] Britain\u2019s longest-serving modern Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was appointed Chancellor in May 1997, when Tony Blair became Prime Minister, through to June 2007 when he started as Prime Minister himself. [PAR] As Prime Minister, Gordon Brown oversaw the devolution of powers in Northern Ireland, the withdrawal of troops from Iraq, and the world's first ever Climate Change Act. [PAR] Gordon Brown was born in Scotland and grew up in the industrial town of Kirkcaldy. He started at Edinburgh University aged 16, becoming the youngest fresher there since the war. [PAR] It was at university that he began to have problems with his sight and doctors diagnosed him with a detached retina, which was caused by an injury he received in his final game for his school rugby team. He gained a First Class honours degree in History and became the youngest ever Rector of Edinburgh University in 1972. [PAR] Gordon Brown became MP for Dunfermline East in the 1983 General Election with a majority of 11,000 and shared his first office in the House of Commons with Tony Blair, where they became friends. Later he became Shadow Chancellor and backed Tony Blair for the leadership of the Labour Party. Working together they won a landslide majority in 1997. [PAR] He was Chancellor of the Exchequer during the longest ever period of economic growth. He also made the Bank of England independent and announced, at the Gleneagles Summit in 2005, an agreement to support the world\u2019s poorest countries and deal with climate change. His passion for global justice was shown in his negotiation to cancel the debts of the world\u2019s poorest nations and the tripling of the development budget. [PAR] It was during his time as Chancellor that he proposed to Sarah Macaulay and 7 months later they were married at their home in North Queensferry. [PAR] Gordon Brown became Prime Minister on 27 June 2007 after Tony Blair left office. During his time as Prime Minister he oversaw changes such as the introduction of neighbourhood policing in every area, a legally-enforceable right to early cancer screening and treatment, and the world\u2019s first ever Climate Change Act, which was implemented in autumn 2008. [PAR] The greatest challenge he faced in office was the worldwide financial crisis and the following recession. In April 2009, he hosted the G20 Summit in London where world leaders pledged to make an additional $1.1 trillion available to help the world economy through the crisis and restore credit, growth and jobs. They also pledged to improve financial supervision and regulation. [PAR] UK combat operations in Iraq, which had begun during his predecessor\u2019s time in office, came to an end under Gordon Brown. British forces withdrew from the country at the end of April 2009. He regularly visited Iraq and Afghanistan and, in December 2009, he became the first Prime Minister for some considerable time to stay in a war zone when he stayed overnight in Kandahar, Afghanistan. [PAR] He became heavily involved in international negotiations to reach an agreement to replace the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Naga Viper Chili Peppers - Chili Pepper Madness Naga Viper Chili Peppers - Chili Pepper Madness [PAR] Naga Viper Chili Peppers [PAR] Naga Viper Chili Peppers [PAR] 1,382,118 Scovilles. [PAR] The Naga Viper (capsicum chinense) has been rated at 1,382,118 Scoville Heat Units (SHU), according to tests conducted by the Warwick HRI Mineral Analysis Laboratory, UK, in November 2010. The Naga Viper chili pepper is a hybrid of three different chili peppers - the Bhut Jolokia, the Naga Morich, and the Trinidad Scorpion. It was created by Gerald Fowler, who runs the Chili Pepper Company in Cumbria, England. This pepper is hotter than the Naga Jolokia (or Bhut Jolokia) by a scorching 300,000 Scovilles, and is claimed to be able to peel paint. In comparison, pure capsaicin is rated at between 15,000,000 - 16,000,000 Scoville units, and police grade pepper spray is rated at about 5,000,000 Scovilles. [PAR] This blistering pepper was reportedly grown in a greenhouse during wintry weather, as opposed to the oven-like heat of the Indian or Mexican climates. [PAR] Note: \"Naga\" mean \"Cobra Snake\" in Sanskrit. [PAR] Please note that while the Guinness Book of World Records reports this as the hottest chili pepper in the world, there is dispute and it is not officially recognized by the Chile Pepper Institute in New Mexico .[DOC] [TLE] Eating the Naga Viper, the World's Hottest Pepper Eating the Naga Viper, the World's Hottest Pepper [PAR] Eating the Naga Viper, the World's Hottest Pepper [PAR] Dec 7, 2010 | 5:03 pm [PAR] By [PAR] The world's reported hottest pepper, and other Scoville triumphs [PAR] The Chile Pepper Institute [PAR] naga viper [PAR] What is it about us as a species that we strive to create hotter chile peppers. Glory? Challenge? The need to experience extremes of pleasure and pain? While not yet universally confirmed as the world's hottest pepper, researchers at Warwick University testing the recently-revealed Naga Viper found it to measure 1,359,000 on the Scoville scale, 357,696 SHU (Scoville Heat Units) higher than the Bhut Jolokia (1,001,304 SHU). [PAR] \"The hottest pepper I see as kind of the same thing as growing the biggest pumpkin,\" noted Regents Professor Paul Bosland, Director of the Chile Pepper Institute at New Mexico State University . The earliest the Institute would be able to give their official declaration would be the summer of 2011 after growing the Naga Viper and the Bhut Jolokia side-by-side in replicated trials. [PAR] Mirroring the complusion to create are two corresponding curiosities. The first, the need to conquer that new creation, in this case, to experience the blistering hellfire 1.4 million SHU brings. \"It\u2019s kind of like the movie where people do stupid things, Jackass\" noted Prof. Bosland. \"You know, \u2019I\u2019m going to go do something that\u2019s not the smartest thing to do and then I\u2019m going to post it.\u2019\" [PAR] So can you hurt yourself eating a pepper this hot? \"Chiles, the really hot ones, can blister your mouth and your throat,\" said Prof. Bosland, who also noted that one of the things that shouldn't be lost in this pursuit of heat, is flavor. \"The heat of course is fun and news-grabbing, but the flavors of the chiles are what sustains interest. There's an analogy to drinking. There will always be people trying to see who can drink the most booze, but really if you\u2019re drinking wines you want to learn all the different flavors. Chiles are the same way.\" [PAR] Of course, our other need is to observe these efforts, whether they involve intrepid spirit, or pure stupidity. So it is that we'll"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 64,000 Dollar Question - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia The 64,000 Dollar Question - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia [PAR] The 64,000 Dollar Question [PAR] The $64,000 Question was a popular United States television game show from 1955-1958; The $64,000 Challenge (1956-1958) was its popular spinoff show. [PAR] Contents [PAR] The $64,000 Question--- CBS , June 1955-June 1958, Tuesday 10-10:30 p.m.; September-November 1958, Sunday, 10-10:30 p.m. [PAR] The $64,000 Challenge---CBS, April 1956-September 1958, Sunday, 10-10:30 p.m. [PAR] [ edit ] [PAR] The Idea [PAR] The $64,000 Question had its roots in the CBS radio quiz show, Take It or Leave It, which ran from April 20, 1940, to July 27, 1947, hosted first by Bob Hawk and then by Phil Baker. In 1947, the series switched to NBC , hosted by Baker, Garry Moore, Eddie Cantor and Jack Paar . On September 10, 1950, Take It or Leave It changed its title to The $64 Question. With Paar and Baker still on board as hosts, the series continued on NBC radio until June 1, 1952. [PAR] On both Take It or Leave It and The $64 Question, contestants were asked questions devised by the series' writer-researcher Edith Oliver. She attempted to make each question slightly more difficult than the preceding one. After answering a question correctly, the contestant had the choice to \"take\" the prize for that question or \"leave it\" in favor of a chance at the next question. The first question was worth one dollar, and the value doubled for each successive question, up to the seventh and final question, worth 64 United States dollars . [PAR] During the 1940s, \"That's the $64 question\" became a common catchphrase for a particularly difficult question or problem. In addition to the common phrase \"take it or leave it,\" the show also popularized another phrase, widely spoken in the 1940s as a taunt but now mostly forgotten. Chanted in unison by the entire audience when someone chose to risk their winnings by going for the $64 prize, it was vocalized with a rising inflection: \"You'll be sorrr-REEEE!\" [PAR] Strangely, the phrase \"the $64,000 question\" is common in Britain , where it means \"the most important question,\" despite the fact that the original game show is virtually unknown in the UK. Later there was a British adaptation of the show, also known as The $64,000 Question, hosted by Bob Monkhouse , although the top prize was only \u00a36,400. This was, however, quite a lot of money for a British game show at the time (early 1990s ). [PAR] [ edit ] [PAR] The Hard Sell [PAR] The $64,000 Question, as American television audiences would know and love it, was created by Louis G. Cowan , formerly known for radio's Quiz Kids . Cowan had a difficult time finding sponsorship for The $64,000 Question. Cosmetics giant Helena Rubenstein (who eventually did become a familiar television advertiser) rejected the idea, reportedly because its wealthy founding namesake didn't even own a television set at the time and had no idea of television's advertising potential. The Chrysler Corporation turned down the chance to launch the show because the automaker reportedly feared sponsoring a big-money quiz show would outrage company workers whose wages they were trying not to inflate. A vacuum cleaner company also said no to Cowan, reportedly because the concept would be too glamorous for its product. It was an intriguing argument considering that print ads of the time featured vacuum cleaners operated by women who stopped just short of being glamour queens but never appeared in soiled housework clothes. [PAR] Finally, Cowan convinced"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eid al-Fitr: The Holiday and How Muslims Celebrate - TIME Eid al-Fitr: The Holiday and How Muslims Celebrate [PAR] The celebration marks the end of the month of Ramadan [PAR] + READ ARTICLE [PAR] Muslims across the globe marked the start Thursday of Eid al-Fitr, a three-day celebration that marks the end of Ramadan at sunset. [PAR] Eid al-Fitr begins each year with the sighting of the new moon, indicating the end of a month of fasting and reflection. To start the holiday, many gather in large, open-air locations or in local mosques on the first morning for special prayers, the Salat al-Eid. People celebrate after the more reflective month of Ramadan. [PAR] Different cultures celebrate differently, including with large, open festivals, adorning arms with intricate henna tattoo designs, exchanging gifts or wearing festive clothing and jewelry. [PAR] New York City schools closed in observance of Eid al-Fitr, and President Obama released a statement extending holiday wishes to Muslims in America and elsewhere. [PAR] \u201cAs Muslims mark the end of the month, they are reminded that Ramadan is a time to reflect spiritually, build communally, and aid those in need,\u201d he said. \u201cWhile Eid marks the end of Ramadan, it marks a new beginning for each individual \u2013 a reason to celebrate and express gratitude on this holiday.\u201d"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rohan - The One Wiki to Rule Them All - Wikia Rohan | The One Wiki to Rule Them All | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Lifespan [PAR] TA 2510 - [PAR] Rohan was a great kingdom of Men , located in the land once known as Calenardhon , situated in the great vale between the Misty Mountains to the north and the White Mountains to the south. The land of Rohan extended from the fords of the river Isen in the west, up to the shores of the river Anduin in the east. The forest of Fangorn lay within the borders of Rohan, and the Elven city of Lorien lay to the north of the river Limlight . [PAR] The land of Rohan was orginally part of Gondor but it gained independence from Gondor . The land was first known as \"Rohan\" to the Men of Gondor , and its people the Rohirrim , meaning 'the Horse-lords', but the people of Rohan called themselves the Eorlingas, sons of Eorl the Young, first King of Rohan , as the land of Calenardhon was given in gift to Eorl and his people by Cirion , Steward of Gondor , in thanks for their service to Gondor in battle against the Balchoth . Eorl, the first king, swore an oath of friendship, at need or at call, to the Lords of Gondor , and thus the Rohirrim became the greatest allies of the Men of Gondor throughout the Third Age and beyond. They were known for their cavalry and horse training, which came into use countless times in battles such as the Battle of the Hornburg and on the Pelennor Fields . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] In the 1200s of the Third Age , the Kings of Gondor made alliances with the Northmen of Rhovanion , a people thought to be distantly descended from the Edain , those peoples of Men who crossed into Beleriand in the First Age and later settled in N\u00famenor . The men who would become the Rohirrim were in fact more closely akin to the Beornings and the Men of Dale , and are accounted as Middle Men , who, while not directly descended from the Men of N\u00famenor, never served the will of Sauron . In \"The Two Towers\", Aragorn describes the Rohirrim thusly: [PAR] \"Their kinship is rather with the Beornings of the Wood, or the Bardings of Dale, among whom may still be seen many Men tall and far, as are the Rohirrim...They are proud and willful, but they are true-hearted, generous in thought and deed; bold but not cruel; wise but unlearned, writing no books but singing many songs, after the manner of the children of Men before the Dark Years \" [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] pg. 41, The Two Towers [PAR] In the early part of the Third Age, such men occupied a territory known as Rhovanion, the lands east of Mirkwood , Greenwood the Great, west of the inland Sea of Rh\u00fbn , and south of the Celduin (the River Running). While never united under one singular king, the Men of Rhovanion nonetheless were allies of Gondor, and many of the great Princes of Rhovanion and their kin served in the armies of Gondor. In this way was the ruling House of Gondor mingled with the Northmen during the reign of King Eldacar , and the Northmen intermarried with the D\u00fanedain of the South and were eventually reckoned Men of Gondor. Through nearly constant conflict with the Men of Rh\u00fbn (Balchoth, Wainriders, and the like), the population of Rhovanion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rodney Pattison retains Olympic Gold 1972 - BBC BBC - A Sporting Nation - Rodney Pattison retains Olympic Gold 1972 [PAR] Rodney Pattison retains Olympic Gold 1972 [PAR] \u00a9 SCRAN [PAR] Born in Campbeltown, Argyll on 4th August 1943, Rodney Stuart Pattisson can justifiably claim to be Scotland's most successful sailor ever, winning two Olympic gold and one silver medal. [PAR] Having been educated at Pangbourne College, a school with strong nautical connections, before joining the Royal Navy, Pattisson's emergence as a world class sailor should not have come as too much of a surprise. [PAR] He teamed up with a London solicitor, Ian MacDonald Smith, and the two were selected to represent Great Britain in the 1968 Mexico City Olympics in the \u201cFlying Dutchman\u201cclass - a 20 foot, 2 man yacht after winning the Olympic trials. [PAR] After winning the European Championships, their preparation was meticulous as they travelled out to Mexico two months ahead of the event in order to acclimatise to the local conditions on their boat \u201cSupercalifragilisticexpialidocious\u201d, not surprisingly shortened to \u201cSuperdocious\u201d. [PAR] The pair were almost unbeatable in the event in which they had to count their best six out of seven race scores. [PAR] Apart from one disqualification, which naturally they chose as their non-scouting score, they won five out of six races and claimed the gold medal with a score of only three penalty points, something which had never been achieved before in an Olympic regatta. That score secured a huge winning margin over the silver medallists, the West German duo of Ulrich Libor and Peter Naumann. [PAR] In winning the gold, Rod became the first Scot to win an Olympic gold in any sport for 12 years and was the first to win any type of sailing medal. Pattisson and MacDonald-Smith dominated in the World Championships too, winning the title in Naples in 1969 and again in Adelaide in 1970, before Pattison lifted the crown for a third consecutive year in 1971, this time partnered by Justin Brooke Houghton, when the event was held at La Rochelle. [PAR] However, it was for his Olympic success that Pattisson was most feted, and four years after his first win, he repeated his success this time in partnership with Christopher Davies as they beat the French pair of Yves and Marc Pajot into second place. [PAR] Rod's achievement in winning gold medals in consecutive Olympiads was recognised as the 1976 games got underway in Montreal and he was awarded the honour of being the flag-bearer at the opening ceremony. [PAR] By now, Rod had reverted to sailing alongside an old partner, this time Justin Brooke Houghton, with whom he had won the world title five years before, was alongside him and the pair put in a gallant bid to win the title for Great Britain yet again, before finally having to concede second best to the West German pair of J\u00f6rg Diesch and Eckart Diesch. [PAR] Pattisson retired from Olympic sailing, concentrating instead on multi-hulled events, which he did with great success. [PAR] His achievements were recognised as he was elected to both the Sailing Hall of Fame and, in 2003, to the Scottish Sport Hall of Fame. He is also a recipient of an MBE. [PAR] While Pattisson was the first Scot to win a gold medal in sailing, he was not the last. His success paved the way for others, with Michael McIntyre following in his footsteps to win gold in the \u201cStar\u201d class, in the Seoul games of 1988, before Shirley Robertson clinched the top honour in the \u201cEurope\u201d class"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 3,000 B.C . - 1 A.D. - Mirror H 3,000 B.C. - 1 A.D. [PAR] *Color Code Index [PAR] *Interlude: \"Did orthodox church dogma suggest Earth was created about 4,000 B.C.? Apparently, it did . Unfortunately, this long-held popular paradigm has seriously warped a modern view of the ancient world by attributing post-4,000 B.C. dates to the oldest civilizations and world cultures on the planet. Not only the first people, the first civilizations, the first languages, the first calendars, the first monuments, the first governments and religions, but after about 4,000 B.C. one can find nearly every Biblical event [thus all of Earth's history]. One can find things this way because, what some people once believed (apparently) some people still do! [ [PAR] ]\" [- E.M.] [PAR] 3,000 B.C. [PAR] 3,000 B.C. - Wiki Trivia - \"The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. [NP] It represents a period of time in which imperialism, or the desire to conquer, grew to prominence, in the city states of the Middle East, but also throughout Eurasia, with Indo-European expansion to Anatolia, Europe and Central Asia. The civilization of Ancient Egypt rose to a peak with the Old Kingdom. World population is estimated to have doubled in the course of the millennium, to some 30 million people. [....]\" [PAR] [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3th_millennium_BCE] [PAR] 3,000 B.C. - Altithermal - \"It is suspected by Earth scientists that the sun shone particularly brightly about this time. This episode is called the Altithermal, and may have contributed to the rise of the early civilizations. Another similar high heat episode occurs around 1,000 A.D.\" [PAR] 3,000 B.C. - Jiroft Culture - \"A \"Jiroft culture\"[1] has been postulated as an early Bronze Age (late 3rd millennium BC) archaeological culture, located in what is now Iran's Sistan and Kerma-n Provinces. [....]\" [PAR] [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiroft_culture] [PAR] 3,000 B.C. - Gilgamesh Epic - \"The interesting fact for Sumer is that pictorial representations of the Mesopotamian classics appear many centuries before our earliest texts thereof. For example, the greatest Mesopotamian classic is the Gilgamesh Epic. Seals depicting scenes from the Gilgamesh Epic are exceedingly common, and begin about 1,000 years before the earliest cuneiform tablets dealing with those scenes. Accordingly, the materials out of which the Gilgamesh Epic was fashioned by the second millennium B.C. were circulating orally, and pictorally, around 3,000 B.C.\" [Link: 1 ] [PAR] 3,000 B.C. - Astrology / China - \"[....] Astrology is believed to have originated in China about the 3rd millennium BC. Astrology was always traditionally regarded very highly in China, and indeed Confucius is said to have treated astrology with respect saying: 'Heaven sends down its good or evil symbols and wise men act accordingly'. [12] The 60 year cycle combining the five elements with the twelve animal signs of the zodiac has been documented in China since at least the time of the Shang (Shing or Yin) dynasty (ca 1766BC - CA 1050BC). Oracles bones have been found dating from that period with the date according to the 60 year cycle inscribed on them, along with the name of the diviner and the topic being divined about. One of the most famous astrologers in China was Tsou Yen who lived in around 300 BC, and who wrote: 'When some new dynasty is going to arise, heaven exhibits auspicious signs for the people'. Astrology in China also became combined with the Chinese form of geomancy known as Feng shui. [....]\" [PAR] [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_astrology] - [T.D. - 08/02/08] [PAR] 3,000 B.C. - Longshan culture - \"The Longshan (or Lung-shan) culture"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gephyrophobia: Fear of crossing bridges is now in the ... Gephyrophobia: Fear of crossing bridges is now in the spotlight | Science Buzz [PAR] Gephyrophobia: Fear of crossing bridges is now in the spotlight [PAR] in Physical Science [PAR] Big bridge: The Chesapeake Bay Bridge, which stretches for four miles, can be a scary place for someone with gephyrophobia, the fear of crossing bridges. Enough people have fear problems there that a special program is available to hire drivers to take gephyrophobes across the bridge.I\u2019ve learned a new word this week: gephyrophobia (pronounced JEFF-ri-o-FO-bia). [PAR] Of course, it\u2019s the fear of crossing bridges. Last week\u2019s bridge collapse has most people a little more on edge when going over a bridge, but for some people it\u2019s been like that for years. [PAR] And the medical definition of gephyrophobia is pretty interesting. This comes from MedicineNet.com: Sufferers of this phobia experience undue anxiety even though they realize their fear is irrational. Their fear may result partly from the fear of enclosure (claustrophobia) or the fear of heights (acrophobia). Phobic drivers may worry about being in an accident in busy traffic or losing control of their vehicles. High bridges over waterways and gorges can be especially intimidating, as can be very long or very narrow bridges. [PAR] Old and new: Here's another cool Chesapeake Bay Bridge photo that gives a better scale of the incredible height of the bridge. (Photos from Maryland Transportation Authority)USA Today had a story about a program for gephyrophobic drivers in the Chesapeake Bay Bridge area of Maryland. That bridge is four miles long and for years, Maryland\u2019s Transportation Authority had a special program for gephyrophobic drivers. With call ahead, they could be met at the bridge by a bridge driver who would hop in their car and drive it over the bridge. Last year, more than 4,000 people took advantage of that program. That number grew so high, private contractors have now been hired to provide the service. What once was a free service now costs $25 a trip. [PAR] At the Mackinac Straits Bridge in Michigan, a five-mile suspension span that\u2019s the third-longest bridge in the country, about 1,200 people take advantage of a similar, free driving service to cross that bridge. [PAR] But last week\u2019s headlines may also be a blessing in disquise for those with gephyrophobia. A Washington Post story on the condition reports that therapists haven\u2019t been swamped with calls from people with the condition. [PAR] \"Before this happened, people who were anxious about it might have come in to work on their fear of bridges and tunnels because it was an irrational fear,\" said Jean Ratner, who runs the Center for Travel Anxiety in Bethesda, Md. \"But with that bridge collapsing, their fears seem justified. It doesn't seem so irrational anymore.\" [PAR] What do you think about gephyrophobia? Have you ever experienced it? Any tips for people on how to deal with it? Share your thoughts here at Science Buzz. [PAR] Average: [PAR] Your rating: None Average: 4.1 (31 votes) [PAR] Your Comments, Thoughts, Questions, Ideas [PAR] mdr says: [PAR] I just happened to cross the Chesapeake Bay Bridge for the first time this past Friday on my way to Delaware for a wedding. Traffic from Washington DC to the bridge was horrible (which I guess is the norm during the summer), but as soon as we got on the bridge it became even worse due to a three-car accident in the left lane. According to MapQuest the entire trip was supposed to take 2 hours, but instead took 4 hours!"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The sheepshead fish has human teeth, but it's okay because ... The sheepshead fish has human teeth, but it's okay because it won't give you a psychedelic crisis - Scientific American Blog Network [PAR] The sheepshead fish has human teeth, but it's okay because it won't give you a psychedelic crisis [PAR] By Becky Crew on March 21, 2013 [PAR] Share on Facebook [PAR] Report Ad [PAR] Credit: VA Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) [PAR] Despite the way it looks, the sheepshead fish (Archosargus probatocephalus) has at least one thing going for it. While other members of the Sparidae family are trying out various forms of hermaphroditism, including changing from female to male (protogyny), doing the opposite (protandry), or being unisexual (gonochorists), the sheepshead is just sitting at home watching cartoons and leaving its genitals where they are. So that\u2019s something. [PAR] Sheepshead incisors. Credit: Glen J. Kuban [PAR] Another good thing about this huge creep is that, unlike one of its relatives, the Salema porgy (Sarpa salpa), you won't risk having a terrible trip when you eat one. Apparently they taste great! The Salema porgy, also of the Sparidae family and nicknamed the dreamfish, was reportedly used for recreational hallucinogenic purposes in the Mediterranean during the Roman Empire and has played a role in traditional Polynesian ceremonies. Along with a handful of other fish, the flesh of the Salema porgy can sometimes inflict ichthyosarcotoxism on those who eat it, which is a very rare form of poisoning caused by the toxins of a tiny species of marine plankton called Gambierdiscus toxicus. This poisoning from contaminated fish flesh prompts intense hallucinations and terrifying nightmares that can last for several days. [PAR] As reported by Luc de Haro and Philip Pommier from the Centre Antipoison of the H\u00f4pital Salvator in Marseille, France, in a 2006 issue of Clinical Toxicology , a 90-year-old man ate a Salema porgy in Saint Tropez in 2002 and two hours later was hallucinating and having nightmares about people and birds screaming, which lasted a further two nights. He literally thought he was losing his mind. \"Fearing that these symptoms might signal the beginning of a major mental illness, he did not tell his friends or attending physician. The manifestations abated three days after he had eaten the fish,\" de Haro and Pommier report. [PAR] Prior to that, a 40-year-old man also fell victim to ichthyosarcotoxism while holidaying in the French Riviera and had hallucinations of screaming animals and giant, menacing spiders surrounding his car. In 2009, a fisherman named Andy Giles caught one in the English Channel, which is unusual because they usually keep to warm waters of the Mediterranean and African west coast, and told the Daily Telegraph , \"Now I realise what it was and the effects it can have, perhaps I should have taken it into town to sell to some clubbers!\" Andy lol. [PAR] So the sheepshead fish doesn't do any of that stuff. But it does have human teeth. Sheepshead fish are a common North American marine species that span from Cape Cod and Massachusetts through to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Preferring coastal habitats around rock pilings, jetties, mangroves, reefs and piers, they can grow up to around 91 cm in length and weigh up to 9.6 kg. They have five to seven distinctive black, vertical bars running down their silvery bodies, which is why the sheepshead is also called the convict fish. And true to their name, sheepshead fish are notorious for stealing bait and somehow being in cahoots with the Joker . [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sisuphos | Article about Sisuphos by The Free Dictionary Sisuphos | Article about Sisuphos by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Sisuphos | Article about Sisuphos by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Sisuphos [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Sisyphus [PAR] (s\u012ds`\u012df\u0259s), in Greek mythology, son of Aeolus and founder and king of Corinth. Renowned for his cunning, he was said to have outwitted even Death. For his disrespect to Zeus, he was condemned to eternal punishment in Tartarus. There he eternally pushed a heavy rock to the top of a steep hill, where it would always roll down again. Albert Camus' essay The Myth of Sisyphus is based on this legend. [PAR] Sisyphus [PAR] (religion, spiritualism, and occult) [PAR] Sisyphus, asteroid 1,866 (the 1,866th asteroid to be discovered, on December 5, 1972), is approximately 7.6 kilometers in diameter and has an orbital period of 2.6 years. Sisyphus was a mythological figure whose punishment in the underworld was to roll a stone up a hill, only to have it roll back to the bottom, and then have to push it up the hill, over and over again for eternity. According to Martha Lang-Wescott, Sisyphus represents \u201cdetermination; dogged persistence; to start over (again or anew); to repeat effort.\u201d Jacob Schwartz gives this asteroid\u2019s astrological significance as \u201cdetermined action on hopeless or repetitive tasks, \u2018returning to square one.\u2019\u201d This asteroid\u2019s key phrase is \u201cstart over.\u201d [PAR] Sources: [PAR] Lang-Wescott, Martha. Asteroids-Mechanics: Ephemerides II. Conway, MA: Treehouse Mountain, 1990. [PAR] Lang-Wescott. Mechanics of the Future: Asteroids. Rev. ed. Conway, MA: Treehouse Mountain, 1991. [PAR] Schwartz, Jacob. Asteroid Name Encyclopedia. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1995. [PAR] Sisyphus [PAR] [PAR] in Greek mythology, the son of Aeolus (the guardian of the winds) and the builder and king of Corinth. [PAR] After his death, Sisyphus was condemned in Hades to roll a heavy stone up a hill, which, every time it nearly reached the top, rolled down again. Hence the expression \u201cSisyphean labor,\u201d which signifies endless and ineffective hard work and torments. Various myths have been preserved that explain why such a severe punishment befell Sisyphus. According to one myth, he is tormented for having disclosed the gods\u2019 secrets. Sisyphus was portrayed in ancient Greek dramas, including non-extant works by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. He has been represented in modern literature (A. Camus, R. Merle) and in art (Titian). [23\u20131053\u2013] [PAR] Sisyphus [PAR] [PAR] a genus of dung beetles whose black or brown body is 5-12 mm long. The legs are very long. The anterior tibiae are dentate, whereas the posterior tibiae are bent and lack denticles. There are 16 species, distributed mostly in the tropics of Africa and Asia. There is only a single species, S. schaefferi, in the USSR (southern region). Like the scarab, Sisyphus feeds on the excrement of animals, mostly ungulates. Before eating the dung, the beetle rolls it into small balls. [PAR] Sisyphus [PAR] man condemned to roll up a hill a huge stone which always rolls back before he gets it to the top. [Gk. Myth.: Brewer Dictionary, 1006]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Minsk, Belarus | Belarus.by Minsk, Belarus | Belarus.by [PAR] Minsk city [PAR] The Svisloch River and the Trinity Suburb, Minsk [PAR] Minsk city is the capital of Belarus. It is the political, economic, scientific and cultural centre of the country and the administrative centre of the Minsk region. [PAR] Minsk is the most economically developed city in Belarus. There are 1.959,8 million inhabitants in Minsk, and the population is constantly growing. [PAR] Transportation network in Minsk [PAR] Minsk is located on the main transportation routes connecting Western Europe and the East, regions of the Black Sea coast and the Baltic States. [PAR] Highways connect Minsk with the largest cities in Belarus: Orsha, Vitebsk, Molodechno, Brest, Slutsk, Mogilev and Gomel. [PAR] Minsk has a large railway network which connects Brest, Moscow, Vilnius and Gomel. There is a national airport in the capital. [PAR] The city has a very good public transportation system . You can easily reach any place by bus, trolleybus or tram. Minsk, like most big European cities, has a fine metro system . [PAR] Industry in Minsk [PAR] Minsk is a large industrial centre. The city produces 16% of the total volume of industrial output. [PAR] Industry within the city is diverse in nature. The main branches are: [PAR] food production[DOC] [TLE] Geography, Belarus | Belarus.by Geography, Belarus | Belarus.by [PAR] Lithuania [PAR] Latvia [PAR] Although a landlocked state, the location has made Belarus an important trade and transport route between Europe and the CIS. [PAR] The total land area of Belarus is more than 207,000 square kilometers. [PAR] What is the capital of Belarus? [PAR] Minsk, the capital of Belarus, is located in the centre of the country. [PAR] Minsk today is a modern international city. The first recorded mention of the city goes back to 1067. [PAR] Over the course of its chequered history, Minsk has been destroyed and rebuilt numerous times, most recently after World War 2, when it was almost completely destroyed. [PAR] More than 1.9 million people live in Minsk today. It has excellent transport links including Minsk airport, several major train stations, the Minsk metro underground network, and a well-developed road system. [PAR] What are the main regions of Belarus? [PAR] The country of Belarus is divided into six administrative districts, each centred around a major city:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Our Adverts | Confused.com Our Adverts | Confused.com [PAR] Our adverts [PAR] Confused.com TV adverts [PAR] The first Confused.com television advert aired in 2006. Since then we've worked on a number of campaigns to keep the Confused.com brand at the front of your minds. Here's the latest. [PAR] James Corden - the Confused.com driver is back [PAR] Our driver - the effervescent James Corden - is back...to front! And back round again! [PAR] After his charmed run of green lights, we now see him nailing the perfect park. [PAR] Email: pressoffice@confused.com [PAR] If your enquiry is time-critical, please write \"URGENT\" in your email subject line. If you would like a ring-back, please include your telephone number. [PAR] Driver wins at Confused.com. What is a driver win? [PAR] At Confused.com, we champion drivers by celebrating their golden car-related moments. You know that good feeling you get when a car leaves an otherwise-packed car park, and you nab that space? That\u2019s a driver win! [PAR] And we\u2019re all about the driver wins. Whether that\u2019s a smooth run of green lights, belting out a guilty pleasure that comes on the radio, or saving money on your car insurance. [PAR] We\u2019d love to hear about your finest driving moments. Get in touch with us on Twitter or Facebook , and tell us about your #driverwins.[DOC] [TLE] Confused.com Advert Song \u2013 BRIAN the Robot Dancing to ... Confused.com Advert Song \u2013 BRIAN the Robot Dancing to \u2018Jump On It\u2019 | TV Ad Songs [PAR] TV Ad Songs [PAR] Confused.com Advert Song \u2013 BRIAN the Robot Dancing to \u2018Jump On It\u2019 [PAR] 16/08/2015 [PAR] Confused.com Ad Song 2015: August/September TV commercial sees BRIAN the Robot & the Herberts dancing to a classic hip hop-disco tune. #JumpOnIt [PAR] What\u2019s the name of the song used on the 2015 Confused.com advert and who sing\u2019s it? [PAR] Song Title: Apache (Jump On It!) [PAR] Performers/Singer: Sugarhill Gang [PAR] Download From: iTunes or Amazon . [PAR] The track featured in this latest Confused ad is called \u2018Apache\u2019, though its perhaps better known by the alternative title of \u2018Jump On It\u2019. The songs origin is rather complex but it comes from the groups 1982 album \u20188th Wonder\u2019. A newer version was then included on their 1999 album \u2018Jump on It!\u2019 Since then there have also been remixes of the track, including Sir Mix-A-Lot\u2019s version in 1996. [PAR] The Sugarhill Gang are a US hip hop/disco group who\u2019s other notable singles include the 1979 hit \u2018Rapper\u2019s Delight\u2019. [PAR] As a song, Apache was originally released way back in 1960, back then sounding very different as a guitar instrumental by The Shadows. It wasn\u2019t until 1973 when Incredible Bongo Band did their thing with it, that the track started to resemble the tune you hear in the commercial. [PAR] Having not been seen in a new TV ad for a few months now, it appears BRIAN the Robot has taken some tips from a rival price comparison site and learned some epic dance moves. Though being a robot, I guess it would\u2019ve been less a case of needing lessons, and more one of reprogramming. [PAR] Call me a purist, but I personally found the old naive BRIAN, rattling down the pavement more charming than the slick piece of kit we see today. But I guess that\u2019s progress for you. [PAR] Above you can watch the full Confused.com Summer 2015 advert, while below, fans of The Graham Norton Show may remember \u2018Jump On It\u2019 for other reasons. Perhaps this is where BRIAN got some of his moves from. Tip: It starts at"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Winston Churchill Biography - lightafire.com Sir Winston Churchill Biography [PAR] Often described as \u201cthe greatest living Englishman\u201d during his life, Sir Winston Churchill was a British war leader, Prime Minister, author, and Nobel Prize winner. [PAR] Military and political career [PAR] Sir Winston Churchill\u2019s military career is extensive. Born Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill on November 30, 1874 in Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England, Churchill\u2019s military career began with his attendance of the Royal Military College in Sandhurst. He was commissioned in the Forth Hussars in 1895 and was in the Battle of Omdurman, later discussed in an essay. He left the British Army in 1899, then worked as a war correspondent during the Boer War, during which he was captured and subsequently escaped. [PAR] Churchill had a great presence during both World Wars. He joined the War Council in 1914, and then served as the Minister of Munitions during the last year of war, overseeing the production of tanks, guns, and other sources of artillery. Later, from 1919-1920, he served as the Minister of War and Air. [PAR] When World War II began, Churchill was called as the First Lord of the Admiralty then later went on to be the chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee in 1940. In the midst of World War II, on May 10, 1940, Churchill was appointed Prime Minister. While Prime Minister, he was often criticized for \u201cmeddling\u201d in military affairs; however, he proved to be a great inspiration to the British people in their war-torn country. He also helped to form strong allies with the United States, working closely with President Roosevelt after Pearl Harbor, and with the Soviet Union. [PAR] Writing career [PAR] Churchill also had an impressive literary career, and won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. He started by writing military reports in the late 1800s for the army. The Story of the Malakand Field Force was published in 1898 and discussed campaigning in the Sudan and The River War, published in 1899, discussed the Battle of Omdurman. He also wrote a novel in 1900, called Savrola. [PAR] He also wrote biographies; in fact, what is considered to be his first major work was a biography of his father, the aristocrat Lord Randolph Churchill. He also wrote a biography about the Duke of Marlborough, who was a distant ancestor of his. This was published in four separate volumes. In 1930, he published his own autobiography of his childhood and youth, My Early Life. [PAR] Churchill also wrote extensively about the World Wars. His account of the first World War was entitled The World Crisis (written and published from 1923-1929) and spanned four volumes. His recollections of his experiences in World War II were comprised of six volumes (published in 1948-53). For these works, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. In 1956-1958, he published a 12-volume set of speeches, the History of the English-speaking Peoples. [PAR] Churchill was also a painter and wrote a book entitled Painting as a Pastime, published in 1948. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] In 1908, Churchill married Clementine Ogilvy Hozier. His health began to deteriorate around 1946, when he suffered the first of a number of strokes. However, he was knighted in 1953, then retired completely from politics in 1955, although he still wrote a number of books. He died on January 24th, 1965. [PAR] Sir Winston Churchill was a brilliant military leader and author during both World Wars.[DOC] [TLE] Winston Churchill Is Born | World History Project Winston Churchill Is Born | World History Project [PAR] Nov 30 1874 [PAR] Winston"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Context SparkNotes: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Context [PAR] The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn [PAR] Mark Twain [PAR] Table of Contents [PAR] Plot Overview [PAR] Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in the town of Florida, Missouri, in 1835. When he was four years old, his family moved to Hannibal, a town on the Mississippi River much like the towns depicted in his two most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). [PAR] Clemens spent his young life in a fairly affluent family that owned a number of household slaves. The death of Clemens\u2019s father in 1847, however, left the family in hardship. Clemens left school, worked for a printer, and, in 1851, having finished his apprenticeship, began to set type for his brother Orion\u2019s newspaper, the Hannibal Journal. But Hannibal proved too small to hold Clemens, who soon became a sort of itinerant printer and found work in a number of American cities, including New York and Philadelphia. [PAR] While still in his early twenties, Clemens gave up his printing career in order to work on riverboats on the Mississippi. Clemens eventually became a riverboat pilot, and his life on the river influenced him a great deal. Perhaps most important, the riverboat life provided him with the pen name Mark Twain, derived from the riverboat leadsmen\u2019s signal\u2014\u201cBy the mark, twain\u201d\u2014that the water was deep enough for safe passage. Life on the river also gave Twain material for several of his books, including the raft scenes of Huckleberry Finn and the material for his autobiographical Life on the Mississippi (1883). [PAR] Clemens continued to work on the river until 1861, when the Civil War exploded across America and shut down the Mississippi for travel and shipping. Although Clemens joined a Confederate cavalry division, he was no ardent Confederate, and when his division deserted en masse, he did too. He then made his way west with his brother Orion, working first as a silver miner in Nevada and then stumbling into his true calling, journalism. In 1863, Clemens began to sign articles with the name Mark Twain. [PAR] Throughout the late 1860s and 1870s, Twain\u2019s articles, stories, memoirs, and novels, characterized by an irrepressible wit and a deft ear for language and dialect, garnered him immense celebrity. His novel The Innocents Abroad (1869) was an instant bestseller, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) received even greater national acclaim and cemented Twain\u2019s position as a giant in American literary circles. As the nation prospered economically in the post\u2013Civil War period\u2014an era that came to be known as the Gilded Age, an epithet that Twain coined\u2014so too did Twain. His books were sold door-to-door, and he became wealthy enough to build a large house in Hartford, Connecticut, for himself and his wife, Olivia, whom he had married in 1870. [PAR] Twain began work on Huckleberry Finn, a sequel to Tom Sawyer, in an effort to capitalize on the popularity of the earlier novel. This new novel took on a more serious character, however, as Twain focused increasingly on the institution of slavery and the South. Twain soon set Huckleberry Finn aside, perhaps because its darker tone did not fit the optimistic sentiments of the Gilded Age. In the early 1880s, however, the hopefulness of the post\u2013Civil War years began to fade. Reconstruction, the political program designed to reintegrate the defeated South into the Union as a slavery-free region, began to fail. The harsh measures the victorious North imposed only embittered the South. Concerned about maintaining"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rock ptarmigan Facts - Softschools.com Rock ptarmigan Facts [PAR] Rock ptarmigan Facts [PAR] Rock ptarmigan Facts [PAR] Rock ptarmigan is chicken-like bird that belongs to the grouse family. It can be found in Alaska, Canada, Iceland, Greenland, Scandinavia and Russia (in the areas near the Arctic circle). Rock ptarmigan inhabits open tundra, edges of the forests and rocky slopes. Rock ptarmigans are popular game birds in Labrador and Newfoundland and they represent important source of food for the locals in the Iceland. Thanks to strictly defined hunting season, rock ptarmigans are still numerous and widespread in the wild. [PAR] Interesting Rock ptarmigan Facts: [PAR] Rock ptarmigan can reach 12 to 16 inches in length and 15.5 to 22.6 ounces of weight. [PAR] Females are covered with brown-grayish plumage. Males have white bellies and grey back. They also have ornamental red comb above the eyes that can be exposed or retracted. Both genders change the color of the plumage into white during the winter. [PAR] Rock ptarmigan has short, dark bill, thick body and short, square-shaped tail. [PAR] Legs and feet of rock ptarmigan are covered with feathers to facilitate walking on the snow and prevent loss of body heat during the winter. Black lines around eyes function like sunglasses which decrease solar radiation. [PAR] Rock ptarmigan spends most of its time on the ground. It occasionally flies short distances to find food. [PAR] Diet of rock ptarmigan is based on leaves, buds, berries, twigs and flowers. Insects are the major source of food for the young birds. [PAR] Natural enemies of rock ptarmigans are arctic foxes, ermines, arctic skuas, glaucous gulls, golden eagles and snowy owls. [PAR] Mating season of rock ptarmigan takes place during the spring. Males postpone molting of white feathers until the end of the mating season so that females can quick identify them in the brown surroundings. [PAR] Males become territorial during the breeding season. They leap into the air, flap their wings and produce loud croaking calls to announce occupation of a territory. [PAR] Males expose red comb above eyes, spread their tails and circle around females during the courtship. [PAR] Unlike males, females are nearly invisible during the mating season. They can be detected only from a distance of 6 feet thanks to well camouflaged plumage. [PAR] Female lays 3 to 13 eggs in the nest on the ground. Incubation of eggs lasts 3 weeks. Male does not take part in the incubation of the eggs and rearing of chicks. [PAR] Chicks are born covered with dense feathers. They are ready to leave the nest 6 to 12 hours after hatching. [PAR] Rock ptarmigans develop adult plumage after 10 to 12 days. Soon afterwards, they learn to fly. Rock ptarmigans are ready for the independent life at the age of 3 months. They start to reproduce couple of months later (at the age of 6 months). [PAR] Rock ptarmigans can survive 3 to 4 years in the wild. [PAR] Related Links:[DOC] [TLE] White-tailed Ptarmigan - ConserveNature ptarmigan [PAR] Ptarmigan [PAR] photo M. Noonan [PAR] White-tailed Ptarmigan Taxonomy/Description [PAR] The white-tailed ptarmigan belongs to the family, Tetraonidae, in the Avian Order Galliformes. Galliformes is the order of chicken-like birds. Tetraonidae is the prairie chicken, grouse and ptarmigan family. Some researchers regard Tetraonidae as a subfamily within Phasianidae, the quail, pheasant and partridge family. The white-tailed ptarmigan's scientific name is Lagopus leucrus. The generic name, lagopus, means \"hare foot\". This refers to the ptarmigan\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds feathered covered feet during the winter season. Its specific name, leucrus, means \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwhite tail\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, referring to this species\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd white tail"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Makes A Map Beautiful, According To A Parks Ranger ... What Makes A Map Beautiful, According To A Parks Ranger | Co.Design | business + design [PAR] What Makes A Map Beautiful, According To A Parks Ranger [PAR] A national parks ranger and self-proclaimed cartomaniac shares favorites from his extensive map collection. [PAR] 01 /10 [PAR] [Cover Photo: Daniel Burka via Unsplash ] [PAR] Recent posts [PAR] Follow The Life Of Plastic In Photos, From The Factory To The Ocean [PAR] This Company Is Challenging Apple's Design Empire With A $129 Computer [PAR] William Gibson's \"Neuromancer\" Gets A Cover Made With--What Else?--Code [PAR] Everything Is Awful So Let's All Escape To This Treehouse For Grown-Ups [PAR] John Brownlee 06.28.16 7:00 AM [PAR] Clambering in the back of a van or station wagon and driving with your folks to your nearest national park used to be a summer tradition. Certainly, it was for Matt Holly, who grew up to be a national park's ranger. \"I come from a family that loved visiting national parks,\" he says. \"There was just something about driving through that park entrance and having the ranger hand you a map. You made it. You're here now. Let's have some fun.\" [PAR] Holly's obsession with National Park Services (NPS) maps is why he set up NPMaps , a website that serves as a resource for high-resolution downloads of all the national parks maps he can find, as Citylab recently pointed out. The official map for every national park is designed at Harpers Ferry Center according to the agency's Unigrid guidelines, which were created by no lesser designer than the legendary Massimo Vignelli . But those aren't the ones Holly's really fascinated with: It's the regional maps created by the local rangers themselves, with highly specific goals unique to their parks. [PAR] We asked Holly to share some of his favorite National Park Services maps, along with his favorite design details. Here's what he said about them. [PAR] Death Valley Map (California) [PAR] \"One feature I particularly enjoy on some of the newer maps is the use of a mask to highlight the park area compared to the surrounding terrain. Notice how in the Death Valley map, it shows the topography both inside and outside the park, yet the park is still easy to distinguish and really jumps off the page. This is a great example of realistic coloring.\" [PAR] Hawaii Volcanoes and Glacier Bay Maps [PAR] \"Note how Hawaii Volcanoes labels historic lava flows with dates; Glacier Bay includes dates showing the past extent of the park's glaciers. These small details add a lot\u2014Hawaii now seems much more alive, with new lava flows occurring all the time, and Glacier Bay helps us learn how climate change is impacting our parks.\" [PAR] The Haleakala Exhibit Map (Hawaii) [PAR] \"Just as Hawaii Volcanoes does a great job of showing the context around the park and showing how the park fits into the larger island landscape, this Haleakala exhibit map is one of my favorites. Different maps have different purposes; clearly this map is not meant to help visitors navigate around the park, but instead shows visitors the geography and geology of Maui and how the park fits into the landscape. This is much more effective than a simple top-down outline for teaching visitors about Maui.\" [PAR] Harpers Ferry National Historical Park Maps (West Virginia) [PAR] \"It's not just big natural parks that get the love; take a look at the set of maps included in the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park brochure. First, the zoomed-out view shows"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1948-1980 Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1948-1980 [PAR] World War II [PAR] On May 12, 1940, two days after the German occupation had started, Princess Juliana and her two daughters fled to England. After a month they went to Canada, but before they left England Princess Irene was christened at the chapel of Buckingham Palace. Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Bernhard stayed in London and travelled to visit the family in Ottawa, Canada, a few times during the war. From Canada, the Princess undertook several travels to Suriname and the Dutch Antilles. [PAR] Shortly before Princess Juliana's third child Margriet was born on January 19, 1943, the Governor General of Canada, Alexander Cambridge, granted Royal Assent to a special law declaring Princess Juliana's rooms at the Ottawa Civic Hospital as extraterritorial so that the child would have exclusively Dutch, not dual, nationality. Had these arrangements not occurred, Princess Margriet would have been excluded from the line of succession. Soon after the war ended, Princess Juliana expressed her gratitude to Canada by sending the city of Ottawa 100,000 tulip bulbs. In 1946, she donated another 20,500 bulbs, with the request that some of them be planted at the grounds of the Ottawa Civic Hospital. At the same time, she promised Ottawa an annual gift of tulips during her lifetime to show her lasting appreciation for Canada's war-time hospitality; Ottawa has hosted the Canadian Tulip Festival in celebration of this gift every year since. [PAR] Although the Netherlands was liberated in May 1945, and Princess Juliana had already visited The Netherlands soon afterwards, she and her children did not officially return until August 2, 1945. During her first return, she helped in several aid projects for the Dutch people, and in the spring of 1946 she and her husband visited several countries that had helped the Netherlands during the German occupation. The couple's last child, Marijke Christina was born on February 18, 1947. [PAR] Reign [PAR] Princess Juliana acted as regent for her mother from October 14 to December 1, 1947, and from May 14 to August 30, 1948. On September 4, 1948, Queen Wilhelmina abdicated in favor of her daughter, who was formally inaugurated as Queen Juliana at the New Church in Amsterdam two days later. [PAR] Juliana's first major act as queen was to sign an act of state granting independence to Indonesia (formerly Dutch West Indies), which she did at Dam Palace in Amsterdam on December 27, 1949. [PAR] On the night of January 31, 1953, the Netherlands was hit by the most destructive storm in more than five hundred years. Thirty breaches of dunes and dikes occurred and many towns were swept away by twelve-foot tidal waves. More than two thousand people drowned and tens of thousands were trapped by the floodwaters. Dressed in boots and an old coat, Queen Juliana waded through water and slopped through deep mud all over the devastated areas to deliver food and clothing to devastated areas. [PAR] Other major events during her reign included creation of the Benelux customs union, Dutch accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , and the signing of the Treaty of Rome as one of six founder members of what is now the European Union . [PAR] Although Queen Juliana was generally well liked by the Dutch citizenry, several events in her and her family's personal lives tested her relationship with her \"subjects.\" The first began with the birth of Princess Marijke, who was born almost blind. In 1956, a friend of Prince Bernhard introduced the Queen to prayer-healer Greet Hofmans,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Oedema is the medical term for fluid retention in ... - NHS Oedema - NHS Choices [PAR] Oedema [PAR] Oedema [PAR] [PAR] Oedema is a build up of fluid in the body which causes the affected tissue to become swollen. [PAR] The swelling can occur in one particular part of the body or may be more general, depending on the cause. [PAR] Fluid can accumulate under the skin \u2013 most commonly causing swelling of the lower legs and ankles \u2013 or in one of the body's internal organs, such as the lungs. [PAR] As well as swelling or puffiness of the skin, oedema can also cause: [PAR] skin discolouration [PAR] areas of skin that temporarily hold the imprint of your finger when pressed (known as pitting oedema) [PAR] aching, tender limbs [PAR] Oedema is most common in the feet and ankles. This is known as peripheral oedema. [PAR] Other types of oedema include: [PAR] cerebral oedema \u2013 affecting the brain [PAR] pulmonary oedema \u2013 affecting the lungs [PAR] macular oedema \u2013 affecting the eyes [PAR] Idiopathic oedema is a term used to describe cases of oedema where a cause can't be found. [PAR] Causes of oedema [PAR] It's normal to have some swelling in your legs at the end of the day, particularly if you've been sitting or standing for long periods. [PAR] Oedema is often a symptom of an underlying health condition. It can occur as a result of the following conditions or treatments: [PAR] Immobility and standing for long periods are the two most common causes of oedema in the legs. [PAR] Other possible causes include: [PAR] a leg injury or leg surgery [PAR] burns to the skin [PAR] Treating oedema [PAR] Oedema is often temporary and clears up by itself. For example, if you've been standing up for too long on a hot day, your ankles may swell up until you get the chance to put your feet up and rest. [PAR] If oedema doesn't go away by itself, see your GP. They'll try and find out if there's an underlying cause which needs to be treated. This could involve taking medication or following some advice, such as: [PAR] taking regular exercise , such as walking , swimming or cycling [PAR] raising your legs three to four times a day to improve your circulation [PAR] avoiding standing for long periods of time [PAR] If an underlying condition is causing the fluid imbalance, it should clear up after the condition has been diagnosed and treated. [PAR] Lymphoedema [PAR] Lymphoedema is swelling in the legs caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system, or an inherited condition. [PAR] The lymphatic system consists of a series of lymph nodes (glands) connected by a network of vessels (lymphatics), similar to blood vessels. [PAR] Fluid surrounding body tissues usually drains into nearby lymph vessels so it can be transported back into the blood. However, if the lymph vessels are blocked, the fluid can't be reabsorbed and will build up in the tissue. [PAR] Unlike oedema, lymphoedema is a long-term condition that can cause discomfort, pain and a loss of mobility. [PAR] It can't be cured, but it can be controlled using a number of treatments, including:[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Edema - MedicineNet - Health and Medical ... Definition of Edema [PAR] Our Edema Main Article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of Edema [PAR] Definition of Edema [PAR] Edema: The swelling of soft tissues as a result of excess fluid accumulation. Edema is often most prominent in the lower legs and feet toward the end"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Maurice Ravel - The New York Times Maurice Ravel [PAR] Maurice Ravel [PAR] Birth to Conservatory [PAR] 1875-1899 [PAR] Maurice Ravel was born in 1875 in Ciboure, a small village in the Basque region of France, separated from the city of Saint-Jean-de-Luz by the Nivelle River. The first thirty-five years of the life of his mother, Marie Delouart, are a near-total blank. She was apparently born in the Basque region and spent some time in Spain, where she met Ravel's father. Biographers found that locals of Saint-Jean-de-Luz did nor recall her being born there, and Manuel de Falla praised her knowledge of Spanish, which indicates that he did not take her to be a natural speaker of the language. But she would sing Spanish folk songs to Maurice, and these were a later inspiration for his work. [PAR] Basque and Spanish women usually married young, but Marie apparently did not. A romanticizing biographer, Victor Seroff, suggested that Marie might have had children before she met and married Joseph Ravel, or a secret life as a \"gypsy or even a smuggler\": \"A woman who wanted to hurt the composer,\" he says, \"once told him his mother's true age. Ravel was so horrified that for a long time he could not get over it.\" And when Seroff asked Ravel's brother, Edouard, for information about his mother's early years, Edouard said that he \"saw no reason why [Seroff] should talk about their mother in a book about his brother.\" In any case, Ravel's mother was a violent agnostic, atypical of her time and place. As a widow, she was urged by a woman friend in Saint-Jean-de-Luz to come to church and pray; Marie said that she'd rather \"be in hell with her family than in heaven all alone.\" [PAR] When Ravel enlisted in the army during World War I, he described his mother as a \"monster\" who wanted to hold onto her sons and not let them enlist to fight for their country. But, he added, she was a \"monster\" he loved. In spite of, or perhaps because of, her blasphemies and obscure past, Ravel was a confirmed mama's boy. The pianist Robert Casadesus recalled that his first sight of Ravel, in the early years of the century, was at a concert, tenderly holding the arm of his aged mother, helping her to her seat. [PAR] French biographers commonly assert that the fathers of great men were also great. Maurice Ravel's father, Joseph, was affectionate, with a highly developed love for music and culture, and he did not object when his son embraced an artistic career, despite the family's lack of money. Joseph Ravel was not quite the inventing genius he has been portrayed as. He tinkered with inventions in the pioneer days of automobile construction, but his most notable project was also his biggest failure. \"The Whirlwind of Death,\" a loop-the-loop designed for circuses and auto shows in 1906-07, was displayed at Barnum and Bailey's Circus, but it flopped either because of a fatal accident, as one story has it, or because its wooden framework was destroyed in a hurricane in Iowa in September 1907. [PAR] Joseph was born in Switzerland, and earlier branches of the family bear variants of the name on public records: But for the chance slip of a Swiss notary's pen, we might be speaking today of Bol\u00e9ro by Ravet or Ravex. A fantastic etymology of Ravel as a so-called Jewish name deriving from Rabbele [sic] was apparently invented by Roland-Manuel as a joke and was long afterward repeated by gullible biographers. In 1873 Joseph Ravel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goalkeepers are Different - Goalkeeper Greats Great football goalkeepers | Goalkeepers are Different [PAR] Home [PAR] Gordon Banks [PAR] Considered by many to be the greatest goalkeeper of all time, Gordon Banks will forever be remembered for his save from Pele's header during the 1970 World Cup Finals. Yet those who saw Banks play knew he was capable of repeating such a feat on a cold December afternoon when all that was at stake was two points. He wasn't just great - he was consistently on top of his game and a Banks' mistake was very rare indeed. [PAR] First capped at the age of 25, he was the first England goalkeeper to play more than 33 times and the first to keep more than ten clean sheets. During his career he established a number of records at international level for England that remained until Peter Shilton came onto the scene. [PAR] But Shilton was unable to capture all of Banks' records. Banks still holds the England record of seven clean sheets in a row, which was finally ended by Eusebio's late penalty in the semi-finals of the 1966 World Cup, and he played in 23 consecutive internationals without defeat between 1964-67. And of course, he is still the only English goalkeeper ever to win a World Cup Winners medal. [PAR] However, Gordon Banks' success on the international stage was not mirrored domestically. He seemed destined to miss out on Cup glory until finally winning the League Cup with Stoke City in 1972, having twice been a losing FA Cup Finalist with Leicester City during the 1960s. [PAR] He didn't have much luck with injury either. He missed a vital World Cup Quarter Final against West Germany in 1970 when he was struck down by a bad bottle of beer of all things the night before and his career was brought to an untimely end after he lost an eye in a road accident. He turned to coaching before temporarily resurrecting his career in the North American Soccer League. [PAR] Peter Shilton [PAR] One of the great, driven players, Peter Shilton set out to become the best goalkeeper of all time. Legend has it that on being told he might not make the grade because he wasn't tall enough, Shilton went home and began a training regime that involved spending hours at a time hanging from the stairs in attempt to add inches to his frame. He wanted it that badly. [PAR] England's most capped player with 125 caps to his name, Shilton helped himself to a number of England goalkeeping records during his remarkable career - most matches, sixty-six clean sheets, captain fifteen times and second only in terms of age and length of career to Stanley Matthews. He's also England oldest ever captain, leading the team out at the age of 40 for the Third Place play-off vs. Italy in 1990. He played in the final stages of the World Cup 17 times - a British record - and kept 10 clean sheets, also a record. He went 499 - some say 500 - minutes without conceding a goal, overtaken only by Italy's Walter Zenga. [PAR] One of the few records he missed out on was Gordon Banks' record of seven consecutive matches without conceding a goal - but he came mightily close, twice reaching six games in a row. [PAR] Domestically, he won the League title with Nottingham Forest in 1978 and also enjoyed a couple of League Cup triumphs. He won two European Cups during his spell at the City Ground and was voted"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 10 Largest Ports in Europe - Europeish.com Europe ... The 10 Largest Ports in Europe - Europeish.com Europe Travel Blog - Capturing the Beauty of a Continent [PAR] The 10 Largest Ports in Europe [PAR] Written by: europeish | (2) comments [PAR] Several centuries ago, the Europeans were the first to sail their ships across the entire world. The economies of the Vikings, the English, the Dutch, the Portuguese and the Spaniards got enormous boosts because of their large ports and sailsmanship. [PAR] A lot has changed since then. Eight of the ten largest ports in the world are now to be found in China, but Europe still has quite a few very large harbors. Data via American Association of Port Authorities . [PAR] 1. Rotterdam (the Netherlands) [PAR] This Dutch harbor was the largest in the world, until Shanghai and Singapore grew even larger in 1986. This satellite photo gives an indication of the size of the Port of Rotterdam. [PAR] (Image via Mannlines ) [PAR] 2. Antwerp (Belgium) [PAR] About an hour and a half to the south of Rotterdam is Antwerp, the largest port in Belgium. It\u2019s around the same size as the harbor of Houston, which is the second-largest port in the USA. [PAR] (Image via S.Goovy ) [PAR] 3. Hamburg (Germany) [PAR] The German city of Hamburg may be nearly 50 miles from the coast, the river Elbe has allowed it to grow to be the third port in Europe.[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Global Ports | Top 10 | Supply Chain Digital Top 10 Global Ports | Top 10 | Supply Chain Digital [PAR] Your Friend's Email* [PAR] Top 10 Global Ports [PAR] By Travelex There are various factors which can be used to assess how \u2018busy\u2019 or \u2018large\u2019 a port is; this could be a reference to the area covered by the port,... [PAR] http://www.supplychaindigital.com/top10/2509/Top-10-Global-Ports [PAR] <p><strong>Top 10 Global Ports</strong></p> <p> By Travelex There are various factors which can be used to assess how \u2018busy\u2019 or \u2018large\u2019 a port is; this could be a reference to the area covered by the port,...</p> <p><a href=\"http://www.supplychaindigital.com/top10/2509/Top-10-Global-Ports\">http://www.supplychaindigital.com/top10/2509/Top-10-Global-Ports</a></p> [PAR] Cancel [PAR] By Travelex [PAR] There are various factors which can be used to assess how \u2018busy\u2019 or \u2018large\u2019 a port is; this could be a reference to the area covered by the port, the amount of traffic handled or the gross tonnage processed. With no standardised method of analysing traffic, various nations around the world claim to boast the largest port in the world. [PAR] This top ten list of global ports has been made in consideration of size, gross tonnage handled and the role that these ports play in the import and export capabilities of the nations they serve and in international imports and exports. [PAR] 10. Port of Felixstowe, United Kingdom [PAR] Though small in comparison to ports around the globe and covering a mere 1.4 square miles, the Port of Felixstowe on the Suffolk coast accounts for almost half of Britain\u2019s container trade. According to the Journal of Commerce , this North Sea port processes more than 3.4 million TEU\u2019s (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) every year and connects the UK to more than 360 other global ports. [PAR] 9. Port of Hamburg, Germany [PAR] Germany\u2019s \u2018Gateway to the World\u2019 is the nation\u2019s largest port and the third largest in Europe, behind Rotterdam and Antwerp. [PAR] In 2012, the gross tonnage of cargo processed by the port increased by 4.4 percent and reached 130.9 million tons, as documented by the Port of Hamburg Authority . [PAR] 8. Port Hedland, Western Australia [PAR] The naturally"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Pyrosis - Health and Medical Information ... Definition of Pyrosis [PAR] Definition of Pyrosis [PAR] Take the GERD Quiz [PAR] Pyrosis: A technical term for what is popularly called heartburn , a burning sensation in the upper abdomen. In many languages there is a technical term such as pyrosis and a popular term for the same phenomenon. For example, pyrosis is popularly known in French as br\ufffdlure epigastrique and in Spanish as ardor de est\ufffdmago. Pyrosis is the Greek word meaning burning. [PAR] Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Epsom Derby - The greatest flat race in the world Epsom Derby - The greatest flat race in the world [PAR] The Greatest Flat Race in the World [PAR] Ladies' Day [PAR] Saturday 4th June [PAR] Friday 2nd June 2017 [PAR] The vibrant atmosphere, roaring laughter and thundering hooves of top quality racing are what make the Investec Derby Festival an unmistakably British event and The Greatest Summer Celebration. [PAR] Rain or shine, every year on the first Friday of June, a multitude of ladies and gents head to Epsom Downs Racecourse to experience a day full of high octane racing, music, glamour and fashion. Across the Queen\u2019s Stand to The Hill there is an air of excitement all round. [PAR] Dressed to impress, Ladies in the Queen\u2019s Stand and Duchess\u2019s Stand are invited to enter the Style Awards with the promise of not only taking the title but going home with some superb prizes. With a series of six races throughout the day and post racing DJ set in the Hyperion Bar it\u2019s a day to mark the start of your summer. [PAR] Ladies' Day 2016 Highlights [PAR] Family Enclosure \u2013 Adult + car park pass [PAR] Prices from \u00a315 [PAR] Great British Hamper (for 2) [PAR] Prices from \u00a3215 [PAR] Great British Picnic (for 2) [PAR] Prices from \u00a3165 [PAR] Duchess\u2019s Stand Private Box [PAR] Prices from \u00a3Please Enquire [PAR] Queen\u2019s Stand Private Boxes [PAR] Prices from \u00a3Please Enquire [PAR] Access to our Premier Enclosure [PAR] Access to our premier bars and catering facilities [PAR] Viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] Entry into the Queen's Stand, our premier enclosure at Epsom Downs, located on the finish line with a prime view of the straight and Winners' Enclosure. Please note that a strict dress code applies for this enclosure. [PAR] [PAR] Access to our Premier Enclosure [PAR] Access to our premier bars and catering facilities [PAR] Viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] Entry into the Queen's Stand, our premier enclosure at Epsom Downs, located on the finish line with a prime view of the straight and Winners' Enclosure. Please note that a strict dress code applies for this enclosure. [PAR] [PAR] Entry into our largest enclosure which combines superb viewing with a relaxed atmosphere. [PAR] Access to viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] A guaranteed seat for the whole day in our purpose built stand. [PAR] A guaranteed seat for the whole day in our largest enclosure, with stunning views of the finishing straight and access to viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] [PAR] Entry into our largest enclosure which combines superb viewing with a relaxed atmosphere. [PAR] Access to viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] A guaranteed seat for the whole day in our purpose built stand. [PAR] A guaranteed seat for the whole day in our largest enclosure, with stunning views of the finishing straight and access to viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] [PAR] Entry into our largest enclosure which combines superb viewing with a relaxed atmosphere. [PAR] Access to viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] Our largest enclosure, with stunning views of the finishing straight and access to viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] [PAR] Entry into our largest enclosure which combines superb viewing with a relaxed atmosphere. [PAR] Access to viewing of the Parade Ring and Winners' Enclosure. [PAR] Our largest enclosure, with stunning views of the finishing straight and access to viewing of the Parade Ring and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bowling Terms - 2016 Bowling Terms - 2017 [PAR] Bowling Terms [PAR] Browse through team names to find funny team terms and cool team terms. [PAR] Check out our complete list of bowling terms. [PAR] Are you looking for the best bowling team name? Find the perfect funny term for your bowling. [PAR] Bowling Terms 2017 [PAR] [PAR] (Go) off the sheet: To end a game with many consecutive strikes. (\"He can go off the sheet for a 259 game.\" See \"Strike out\"; comes from long ago when bowling was scored on paper.) Also \"Go to the wall.\" [PAR] (to bowl a) Stewart: A Perfect game of 12 strikes continuously. [PAR] /: Symbol for a spare. [PAR] 300 game: A perfect game of 12 strikes in a row. [PAR] 300 game jinx: It is customary when someone starts a game with a string of strikes not to mention the possibility of scoring 300, which would \"jinx\" the player. [PAR] 5 Bagger (Yahtzee and Dropping the Nickel): A 5 bagger is five strikes in a row. Other nicknames for it is Yahtzee and Dropping the Nickel. [PAR] ABC: American Bowling Congress; official rule-making body for ten pin bowling for its members in the US, Canada, Puerto Rico and US military bases worldwide; founded in 1895 and headquartered in Greendale, Wisconsin, 5301 S. 76th Street 53129. [PAR] Absentee: See Blind [PAR] Action: Motion of the pins caused by the bowler's technique; generally, the combination of accuracy, rotation (also see), and other factors, causing pin motion which is horizontal, rather than vertical, since a horizontally spinning pin covers more of the lane. [PAR] Address: Bowler\u2019s starting position. [PAR] All the way: Finishing a game with nothing but strikes. [PAR] Alley: playing surface, made of maple, pine or urethane boards; urethane lanes are becoming more popular than wood [PAR] American Bowling Congress (ABC): The world's largest sports organization and the official rule-making body of tenpin bowling. [PAR] Anchor: In league play, this is the person bowling last on the team. This is usually the best bowler on the team, and/or the bowler considered to be the coolest under pressure. [PAR] Angle: The direction in which the ball travels when going into the 1-3 pocket, 1-2 for left hand bowlers. [PAR] Apple: 1) Bowling ball; 2) bowler who fails to come through in a clutch situation. (choke) [PAR] Approach: The space before the foul line, approximately 15 feet. Can also refer to the steps the bowler takes before delivering the ball over the foul line. [PAR] Armswing: The arc of the bowling arm and hand from the first move toward the line until the delivery of the ball over the line. [PAR] Arrows: Aiming points embedded in the lane. These seven arrows (usually red or black, but may be other colors) are used for targeting. (darts) [PAR] Automatic foul detector: Light beam at the foul line which sounds an alarm if the bowler's foot crosses it. Penalty for doing so is loss of pins for that ball; the bowler shoots at a new rack of ten pins (which counts as a spare if all are knocked down). (foul, foul line) [PAR] Automatic Pinsetter: First used in the 1940s, the original editions took note of the pins left, swept the entire area, and reset the pins for the spare. This invention is credited for the great bowling boom of the 1950s; the inventor received $1 million from AMF. [PAR] Average: This is a method for a bowler to compare their skill against other bowlers. The average is computed by adding the total score from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Herschelle Gibbs | South Africa Cricket | Cricket Players ... Herschelle Gibbs | South Africa Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo [PAR] T20 [PAR] Profile [PAR] Herschelle Gibbs, who once owned up, with perverse pride, to never having read a book, has essayed enough incendiary innings to fill a fat volume and, in the field, cut down many a batsman with all the electric grace of an enraged poet. Though he might not bother with many more words than yes, no, wait, and mine, Gibbs inspires superlatives from those who marvel at his appetite for the spectacular. Ordinary he is not. [PAR] Gibbs has played some of the most outrageous strokes yet seen. How many other batsmen practice, seriously, cutting fast bowlers for six? Or drive throat balls down the ground? Or make pulling off the front foot look everyday? That goes for whether he is batting in the middle of the order or at the top, and whether the ball is old or new. Gibbs has put all that together so many times that he can't be accused of being some charlatan who deals in fluke and luck. [PAR] He did so in the grandest of manner at the Wanderers in 2006 to score 175 off 111 balls and help South Africa clinch a one-day series against Australia. The battleground scenes of this extraordinary match, that delivered totals of 434 for four and 438 for nine, swirled all about. But Gibbs batted with the glee of a teenager armed with his father's credit card in a strip club. Pressure? That's what other people feel. [PAR] When South Africans wondered who would replace Jonty Rhodes as a fielder of the most predatory type, Gibbs answered the call. [PAR] However, not all of the superlatives attached to him are positive, for when too much talent trips over itself, demons often also lurk. Alas, so it is with Gibbs. He is perhaps as gifted as any sportsman can be. He is also as poorly equipped for the trials of daily life as any human being can safely be. Dark tales of marijuana smoking, drunk driving and match-fixing have blotted his career. Gibbs is about as close as cricket has come to producing a punk rocker, a figure who veers too close to self-destruction too often for the likes of those who prefer their cricketers unblemished by the real world. [PAR] They can rest assured, because Gibbs' time at the top is nearing its end. A first-class career that began when he was just 16 is now into its 20th summer. As his 40s loom, he may even pick up a book or two. [PAR] Telford Vice"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World of Change: Athabasca Oil Sands : Feature Articles World of Change: Athabasca Oil Sands : Feature Articles [PAR] google earth [PAR] view large [PAR] Buried under Canada\u2019s boreal forest is one of the world\u2019s largest reserves of oil. Bitumen\u2014a very thick and heavy form of oil (also called asphalt)\u2014coats grains of sand and other minerals in a deposit that covers about 142,200 square kilometers (54,900 square miles) of northwest Alberta. According to a 2003 estimate, Alberta has the capacity to produce 174.5 billion barrels of oil. [PAR] Only 20 percent of the oil sands lie near the surface where they can easily be mined, and these deposits flank the Athabasca River. The rest of the oil sands are buried more than 75 meters below ground and are extracted by injecting hot water into a well that liquefies the oil for pumping. In 2010, surface mines produced 356.99 million barrels of crude oil, while in situ production (the hot water wells) yielded 189.41 million barrels of oil. [PAR] Since then, oil sands production has outpaced conventional oil production. While conventional oil has held steady, oil sands output has gone up from 1 million barrels per day in 2005 to 2.4 million barrels per day in 2015. [PAR] These images from Landsat satellites show the growth of surface mines over the Athabasca oil sands between 1984 and 2016. The Athabasca River runs through the center of the scene, separating two major operations. To extract the oil at these locations, oil producers remove the sand in big, open-pit mines, which are tan and irregularly shaped. The sand is rinsed with hot water to separate the oil, and then the sand and wastewater are stored in \u201c tailings ponds,\u201d which have smooth tan or green surfaces in satellite images. [PAR] The process of extracting oil from the sand is expensive. It takes two tons of sand to produce one barrel of crude oil. Great Canadian Oil Sands opened the first large-scale mine in 1967, but growth was slow until 2000 because the global cost of a barrel of oil was too low to make oil sands profitable. [PAR] The images above show slow growth between 1984 and 2000, followed by a decade of more rapid development. The first mine (from 1967, now part of the Millennium Mine) is visible near the Athabasca River in the 1984 image. The only new development visible between 1984 and 2000 is the Mildred Lake Mine (west of the river), which began production in 1978, and was expanded in 1996. [PAR] After 2000, the price of oil began to climb, and investment in oil sands became profitable. The Millennium Mine expanded east of the Athabasca River, and the Steepbank Mine was developed in the east. The Mildred Lake Mine also shows evidence of growth. It is a trend that is likely to continue since permits have been approved to expand mines in this region. The large images include a view of additional mines developing to the north. [PAR] Oil sand mining has a large impact on the environment. Forests must be cleared for both open-pit and in situ mining. Pit mines can grow to more than 80 meters depth, as massive trucks remove up to 720,000 tons of sand every day. As of September 2013, roughly 895 square kilometers (345 square miles) of land had been disturbed for oil sand mining. [PAR] Companies are required to restore the land after they have finished mining. In this series of images, the large tailings pond from the 1967 mine was gradually drained and filled in. The mining companies"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Disco Volante - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Disco Volante | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Weight [PAR] 100 tons [PAR] The Disco Volante is a fictional ship in the James Bond novel Thunderball (novel) (1961) and its 1965 film adaptation of the same name. It was a hydrofoil craft owned by Emilio Largo , an agent of [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] . A luxurious craft, it was decked out with sleeping quarters, living areas and many other luxuries. It was purchased with [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] funds for \u00a3250,000. The craft plays a pivotal role in the seizure and transportation of two nuclear warheads. It is a high-tech ship that possesses a number of smaller underwater submarine craft. The crew in the movie wear shirts that say \"M.Y. Disco Volante\". The \"M.Y.\" presumably stands for the ship prefix \"Motor Yacht.\" [PAR] Contents [PAR] Novel appearance [PAR] Film appearance [PAR] The Disco Volante was used primarily for the seizure and transportation of two nuclear warheads stolen from a hijacked Vulcan bomber. As part of [PAR] SPECTRE [PAR] 's plan, the Vulcan bomber would fly to the prearranged rendevous point with the Disco Volante and make a difficult landing on water, using the underwater landing lights which had been set up nearby. Frogmen would then recover the warheads and return to the ship through its underwater hatch. Once onboard, the bombs would be relocated to an atoll hiding place; awaiting the time when Largo would return with the Disco Volante to move the weapons to their target: Miami. [PAR] In the movie adaptation of Thunderball, the ship is destroyed during a pitched battle between Largo and Bond. With no one at the helm and the steering jammed, the ship ran aground at full speed and burst into flames. [PAR] The Disco Volante consisted really of two vessels, a front hydrofoil and a rear attached \"cocoon\", this enabled the hydrofoil to be detached and move independently at high speed. It included an underwater hatch for loading the bombs and giving access for divers. [PAR] Behind the scenes [PAR] The real craft used in the film was a hydrofoil ferry, The Flying Fish, built by Rodriquez Cantieri Navali, who had built the first successful one at Freccia del Sole. The \"cocoon\" was built on set. It was purchased for the film for $500,000 and brought from Puerto Rico to Miami for refitting and refurbishment. The hydrofoil never sailed again after the filming. It was rented as a stationary houseboat, docked at a marina on Miami's MacArthur Causeway, until it sank at the dock in the early 1980s. [PAR] Unofficial appearances [PAR] The Kingdom 5KR. [PAR] In the non-Eon Productions 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again, the ship was renamed The Flying Saucer, the English translation of Disco Volante, and owned by Maximillian Largo . In real life, the 282-foot yacht that was used in long shots for the film was known as the Nabila and was built for Saudi billionaire Adnan Khashoggi. The yacht was later sold to Donald Trump, who renamed it Trump Princess. Later Trump sold it to Prince Alwaleed bin Talal bin Abdul Aziz al Saud, who renamed it the Kingdom 5KR. These days Kingdom 5KR can usually be found in Antibes, France or cruising the French Riviera during the summer months. [PAR] Gallery[DOC] [TLE] Emilio Largo - James Bond Characters Emilio Largo - James Bond Characters [PAR] Thunderball (1965) [PAR] The Character in the Film [PAR] Emilio Largo is an original Ian Fleming character, having appeared in the 1961 novel Thunderball as the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Borrowers by Mary Norton, Beth Krush, Joe Krush ... The Borrowers by Mary Norton, Beth Krush, Joe Krush |, Paperback | Barnes & Noble\u00ae [PAR] \"As people, other people, living in a house who...borrow things?\" [PAR] Mrs. May laid down her work. \"What do you think?\" she asked. [PAR] \"I don't know,\" Kate said, pulling hard at her shoe button. \"There can't be. And yet\"-she raised her head-\"and yet sometimes I think there must be.\" [PAR] \"Why do you think there must be?\" asked Mrs. May. [PAR] \"Because of all the things that disappear. Safety pins, for instance. Factories go on making safety pins, and every day people go on buying safety pins and yet, somehow, there never is a safety pin just when you want one. Where are they all? Now, at this minute? Where do they go to? Take needles,\" she went on. \"All the needles my mother ever bought-there must be hundreds-can't just be lying about this house.\" [PAR] \"Not lying about the house, no,\" agreed Mrs. May. [PAR] \"And all the other things we keep on buying. Again and again and again. Like pencils and match boxes and sealing wax and hairpins and drawing pins and thimbles-\" [PAR] \"And hat pins,\" put in Mrs. May, \"and blotting paper.\" [PAR] \"Yes, blotting paper,\" agreed Kate, \"but not hat pins.\" [PAR] \"That's where you're wrong,\" said Mrs. May, and she picked up her work again. \"There was a reason for hat pins.\" [PAR] Kate stared. \"A reason?\" she repeated. \"I mean-what kind of a reason?\" [PAR] \"Well, there were two reasons really. A hat pin is a very useful weapon and\"-Mrs. May laughed suddenly-\"but it all sounds such nonsense and\"-she hesitated-\"it was so very long ago!\" [PAR] \"But tell me,\" said Kate, \"tell me how you know about the hat pin. Did you ever see one?\" [PAR] Mrs. May threw her a startled glance. \"Well, yes-\" she began. [PAR] \"Not a hat pin,\" exclaimed Kate impatiently, \"a-what-ever-you-called-them-a Borrower?\" [PAR] Mrs. May drew a sharp breath. \"No,\" she said quickly, \"I never saw one.\" [PAR] \"But someone else saw one,\" cried Kate, \"and you know about it. I can see you do!\" [PAR] \"Hush,\" said Mrs. May, \"no need to shout!\" She gazed downwards at the upturned face and then she smiled and her eyes slid away into distance. \"I had a brother-\" she began uncertainly. [PAR] Kate knelt upon the hassock. \"And he saw them!\" [PAR] \"I don't know,\" said Mrs. May, shaking her head, \"I just don't know!\" She smoothed out her work upon her knee. \"He was such a tease. He told us so many things-my sister and me-impossible things. He was killed,\" she added gently, \"many years ago now, on the North-West Frontier. He became colonel of his regiment. He died what they call 'a hero's death'...\" [PAR] \"Was he your only brother?\" [PAR] \"Yes, and he was our little brother. I think that was why\"-she thought for a moment, still smiling to herself-\"yes, why he told us such impossible stories, such strange imaginings. He was jealous, I think, because we were older-and because we could read better. He wanted to impress us; he wanted, perhaps, to shock us. And yet\"-she looked into the fire-\"there was something about him-perhaps because we were brought up in India among mystery and magic and legend-something that made us think that he saw things that other people could not see; sometimes we'd know he was teasing, but at other times-well, we were not so sure....\" She leaned forward and, in her tidy way, brushed a fan"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 453. Elegy written in a Country Churchyard. Thomas Gray ... 453. Elegy written in a Country Churchyard. Thomas Gray. The Oxford Book of English Verse [PAR] 453. Elegy written in a Country Churchyard [PAR] [PAR] THE Curfew tolls the knell of parting day, [PAR] [PAR] The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea, [PAR] [PAR] The plowman homeward plods his weary way, [PAR] [PAR] And leaves the world to darkness and to me."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ... Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 - CNN.com [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 [PAR] By Richard Allen Greene, CNN [PAR] Updated 9:49 PM ET, Mon April 8, 2013 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] JUST WATCHED [PAR] The life and legacy of the 'Iron Lady' 03:40 [PAR] Story highlights [PAR] Thatcher, Britain's \"Iron Lady,\" died after suffering a stroke Monday, her spokeswoman said [PAR] She retired from public life in 2002 after a stroke [PAR] As British PM from 1975 to 1990, she played a key role in ending the Cold War [PAR] But Thatcher opposed reunification of Germany [PAR] Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a towering figure in postwar British and world politics and the only woman to become British prime minister, has died at the age of 87. [PAR] She suffered a stroke Monday, her spokeswoman said. A British government source said she died at the Ritz Hotel in London. [PAR] Thatcher's funeral will be at St. Paul's Cathedral, with full military honors, followed by a private cremation, the British prime minister's office announced. [PAR] Thatcher served from 1975 to 1990 as leader of the Conservative Party. She was called the \"Iron Lady\" for her personal and political toughness. [PAR] She retired from public life after a stroke in 2002 and suffered several strokes after that. [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Margaret Thatcher , the first woman to become British prime minister, has died at 87 after a stroke, a spokeswoman said Monday, April 8. Known as the \"Iron Lady,\" Thatcher, as Conservative Party leader, was prime minister from 1979 to 1990. Here she visits British Prime Minister David Cameron at 10 Downing Street in London in June 2010. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher with her parents and sister Muriel in 1945. Thatcher, born Margaret Hilda Roberts in 1925, studied chemistry at Oxford University and worked as a research chemist before becoming a barrister in 1954. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 2 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Conservative Party candidate Margaret Roberts, the youngest candidate for any party in the 1950 general election, works in a laboratory where she was a research chemist. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 3 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 The Conservative Party candidate for Dartford in Kent, England, meets some potential constituents in January 1950. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher chats with a police officer outside the House of Commons, where she took a seat as a member of Parliament for Finchley in October 1959. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher addresses a Conservative Party conference in October 1967. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Thatcher in 1970. Within five years, she would become leader of the Conservatives. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 36 [PAR] Photos: Photos: Thatcher through the years [PAR] Margaret Thatcher through the years \u2013 Prime Minister Edward Heath"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] seismograph - definition of seismograph in English from ... seismograph - definition of seismograph in English | Oxford Dictionaries [PAR] Definition of seismograph in English: [PAR] seismograph [PAR] An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration. [PAR] Example sentences [PAR] \u2018Noaa would record the earthquake on seismographs and issue bulletins about the progress of a tsunami.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A series of digital seismographs installed around the volcano provide a continuous stream of data to the observatory.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Each country affected by the disaster is to set up a tsunami warning centre to receive information from the pressure gauges, seismographs and wave sensors that will survey the ocean basin.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Just as a scientist reads a seismograph to measure movements in the ground, the character of a government can be judged by the way it treats the most disadvantaged layers of society.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Tremors had been recorded in 1908 on a seismograph 4,000 kilometers west of St. Petersburg.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Later, earthquake seismographs were developed that recorded digitally, and today virtually all modern seismic recordings are digital and thus involve some sort of signal processing.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018This is similar to seismologists using seismographs on Earth to detect earthquakes.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Richter, who worked in southern California, using data from seismographs - which measure earth movement - devised a method to calculate where an earthquake began, or its epicenter, and its magnitude.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018What comes out of the laboratory and what is measured in the real world by surface seismographs leaves a gap.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Aftershocks continued for several years, and small earthquakes still waggle seismographs in the region.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Since there were no seismographs operating in Alaska at that time and no reports of surface faulting in the remote Alaska Range, the location of the 1912 shock is poorly known.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Eventually the parties agreed on a strict monitoring plan relying on seismographs and strain gauges to assess the effect on the structure as crews installed the caissons.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018All told, 1,200 seismographs - including 800 borrowed from the United States - are being used in the $423,000 project.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The seismographs recorded the waves from that earthquake and from magnitude 2.1 and 2.8 earthquakes beneath the Cascade Mountains, even though the shaking was too small to be felt by residents.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A seismograph at Ferris High School showed the trembling lasted for more than 30 seconds with two distinct spikes in intensity.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018With more earthquakes, more and better seismographs recording quakes, and more comprehensive compilations of seismic data, seismologists are sharpening their view of the African plume.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Traditional seismographs record straight-line movements, for example shaking, whereas ring lasers measure rotational movements like rolling or twisting.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018A series of digital seismographs around the volcano provide a continuous stream of data to the observatory in Goma.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018Old-style seismographs recorded the jiggling of an earthquake on a rotating drum.\u2019 [PAR] \u2018The observatory contained a seismograph to record mining tremors, an evaporation pan and a device to record lightening strikes which are particularly virulent on the Witwatersrand.\u2019 [PAR] Pronunciation [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] cheater [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] Pallas's cat [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] polecat [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] ring-tailed cat [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] manul [PAR] Which of the following is a type of wild cat? [PAR] hunting cat [PAR] Which of the following is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Casino Royale (1967 film) - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Casino Royale (1967 film) | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Casino Royale (1967 film) [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you\u2019ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass [PAR] (Composers, performers) [PAR] Running Time: [PAR] 131 minutes [PAR] Casino Royale is a 1967 comedy spy film originally produced by Columbia Pictures starring an ensemble cast of directors and actors. It is set as a satire of the James Bond film series and the spy genre, and is loosely based on Ian Fleming 's first James Bond novel . [PAR] The film stars David Niven as the original Bond, Sir James Bond 007 . Forced out of retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies, he soon battles the mysterious Dr. Noah and [PAR] SMERSH [PAR] . [PAR] The film's slogan: \"Casino Royale is too much\u2026 for one James Bond!\" refers to Bond's ruse to mislead [PAR] SMERSH [PAR] in which six other agents are designated as \"James Bond\", namely, Baccarat master Evelyn Tremble ( Peter Sellers ), millionaire spy Vesper Lynd ( Ursula Andress ), Bond's secretary Miss Moneypenny ( Barbara Bouchet ), Bond's daughter with Mata Hari , Mata Bond ( Joanna Pettet ), and British agents \"Cooper\" ( Terence Cooper ) and \"The Detainer\" ( Daliah Lavi ). [PAR] Charles K. Feldman , the producer, had acquired the film rights and had attempted to get Casino Royale made as an EON Productions Bond film; however, Feldman and the producers of the Eon series, Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman , failed to come to terms. Believing that he could not compete with the Eon series, Feldman resolved to produce the film as a satire. [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Plot [PAR] Overview [PAR] The story of Casino Royale is told in an episodic format and is best outlined in \"chapters\". Val Guest oversaw the assembly of the sections, although he turned down the credit of \"co-ordinating director\". [2] [PAR] Opening sequence [PAR] Evelyn Tremble/James Bond 007 ( Peter Sellers ) and Inspector Mathis meet in a pissoir (public urinal), where Mathis presents his credentials\u2014in a shot suggesting a display of Mathis' genitals, and setting the tone of the film by satirizing the dramatic opening sequences in the Eon Bond films. [PAR] Plot summary [PAR] Sir James Bond , a legendary British spy who retired from the secret service 50 years previously, is visited by the head of British MI6 , M , CIA representative Ransome, KGB representative Smernov, and Deuxi\u00e8me Bureau representative Le Grand. All implore Bond to come out of retirement to deal with [PAR] SMERSH [PAR] who have been eliminating agents: Bond spurns all their pleas. When Bond continues to stand firm, his mansion is destroyed by a mortar attack at the orders of M, who is, however, killed in the explosion. [PAR] Bond travels to Scotland to return M's remains to the grieving widow, Lady Fiona McTarry. However, the real Lady Fiona has been replaced by [PAR] SMERSH [PAR] 's Agent Mimi. The rest of the household have been likewise replaced, with [PAR] SMERSH [PAR] \u2019s aim to discredit Bond by destroying his \"celibate image\". Attempts by a bevy of beauties to seduce Bond fail, but Mimi/Lady Fiona becomes so impressed with Bond that"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Madame Bovary: Plot Overview SparkNotes: Madame Bovary: Plot Overview [PAR] Madame Bovary [PAR] Context [PAR] Character List [PAR] Madame Bovary begins when Charles Bovary is a young boy, unable to fit in at his new school and ridiculed by his new classmates. As a child, and later when he grows into a young man, Charles is mediocre and dull. He fails his first medical exam and only barely manages to become a second-rate country doctor. His mother marries him off to a widow who dies soon afterward, leaving Charles much less money than he expected. [PAR] Charles soon falls in love with Emma, the daughter of a patient, and the two decide to marry. After an elaborate wedding, they set up house in Tostes, where Charles has his practice. But marriage doesn\u2019t live up to Emma\u2019s romantic expectations. Ever since she lived in a convent as a young girl, she has dreamed of love and marriage as a solution to all her problems. After she attends an extravagant ball at the home of a wealthy nobleman, she begins to dream constantly of a more sophisticated life. She grows bored and depressed when she compares her fantasies to the humdrum reality of village life, and eventually her listlessness makes her ill. When Emma becomes pregnant, Charles decides to move to a different town in hopes of reviving her health. [PAR] In the new town of Yonville, the Bovarys meet Homais, the town pharmacist, a pompous windbag who loves to hear himself speak. Emma also meets Leon, a law clerk, who, like her, is bored with rural life and loves to escape through romantic novels. When Emma gives birth to her daughter Berthe, motherhood disappoints her\u2014she had desired a son\u2014and she continues to be despondent. Romantic feelings blossom between Emma and Leon. However, when Emma realizes that Leon loves her, she feels guilty and throws herself into the role of a dutiful wife. Leon grows tired of waiting and, believing that he can never possess Emma, departs to study law in Paris. His departure makes Emma miserable. [PAR] Soon, at an agricultural fair, a wealthy neighbor named Rodolphe, who is attracted by Emma\u2019s beauty, declares his love to her. He seduces her, and they begin having a passionate affair. Emma is often indiscreet, and the townspeople all gossip about her. Charles, however, suspects nothing. His adoration for his wife and his stupidity combine to blind him to her indiscretions. His professional reputation, meanwhile, suffers a severe blow when he and Homais attempt an experimental surgical technique to treat a club-footed man named Hippolyte and end up having to call in another doctor to amputate the leg. Disgusted with her husband\u2019s incompetence, Emma throws herself even more passionately into her affair with Rodolphe. She borrows money to buy him gifts and suggests that they run off together and take little Berthe with them. Soon enough, though, the jaded and worldly Rodolphe has grown bored of Emma\u2019s demanding affections. Refusing to elope with her, he leaves her. Heartbroken, Emma grows desperately ill and nearly dies. [PAR] By the time Emma recovers, Charles is in financial trouble from having to borrow money to pay off Emma\u2019s debts and to pay for her treatment. Still, he decides to take Emma to the opera in the nearby city of Rouen. There, they encounter Leon. This meeting rekindles the old romantic flame between Emma and Leon, and this time the two embark on a love affair. As Emma continues sneaking off to Rouen to meet Leon, she also grows deeper and deeper in debt to"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] EOS - Greek Goddess of the Dawn (Roman Aurora) EOS - Greek Goddess of the Dawn (Roman Aurora) [PAR] Eos [PAR] Dawn (\u00ea\u00f4s) [PAR] Eos goddess of the dawn, Athenian red-figure krater C5th B.C., Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum [PAR] EOS was the rosy-fingered goddess of the dawn. She and her siblings Helios (the Sun) and Selene (the Moon) were numbered amongst the second-generation Titan gods. Eos rose into the sky from the river Okeanos (Oceanus) at the start of each day, and with her rays of light dispersed the mists of night. [PAR] She was depicted either driving a chariot drawn by winged horses or borne aloft on her own wings. [PAR] Eos had an unquenchable desire for handsome young men, some say as the result of a curse laid upon her by the goddess Aphrodite . Her lovers included Orion , Phaethon , Kephalos (Cephalus) and Tithonos (Tithonus), three of which she ravished away to distant lands. The Trojan prince Tithonos became her official consort. When the goddess petitioned Zeus for his immortality, she neglected also to request eternal youth. In time he shrivelled up by old age and transformed into a grasshopper. [PAR] Eos was closely identified with Hemera , the primordial goddess of day. In some myths--such as the tales of Orion and Kephalos--Eos stood virtually as a non-virginal substitute for Artemis . [PAR] FAMILY OF EOS [PAR] [1.1] HYPERION & THEIA (Hesiod Theogony 371, Apollodorus 1.8, Hyginus Pref, Ovid Fasti 5.159) [PAR] [1.2] HYPERION & EURYPHAESSA (Homeric Hymn 31 to Helios) [PAR] [2.1] PALLAS (Ovid Fasti 4.373, Valerius Flaccus 2.72) [PAR] OFFSPRING [PAR] [1.3] BOREAS , ZEPHYROS , NOTOS , EUROS , EOSPHOROS (by Astraios ) (Nonnus Dionysiaca 6.18 & 37.70 & 47.340) [PAR] [1.4] HESPEROS (by Kephalos) (Hyginus Astronomica) [PAR] [2.1] ASTRAIA (by Astraios ) (Hyginus Astronomica) [PAR] [3.1] MEMNON, EMATHION (by Tithonos) (Hesiod Theogony 984, Apollodorus 3.147) [PAR] [3.2] MEMNON (by Tithonos) (Aethiopis Frag 1, Quintus Smyrnaeus 2.549, Pindar Nemean 6 str3, Diodorus Siculus 4.75.4, Callistratus Descriptions 9, Ovid Fasti 4.713) [PAR] [3.3] MEMNON (Philostratus Elder 1.7, Callistratus Descriptions 1) [PAR] [4.1] PHAETHON -TITHONOS (by Kephalos) (Hesiod Theogony 984, Apollodorus 3.181, Pausanias 1.3.1) [PAR] ENCYCLOPEDIA [PAR] EOS (\u00ca\u00f4s), in Latin Aurora, the goddess of the morning red, who brings up the light of day from the east. She was a daughter of Hyperion and Theia or Euryphassa, and a sister of Helios and Selene. (Hes. Theog. 371, &c.; Hom. Hymn in Sol. ii.) Ovid (Met. ix. 420, Fast. iv. 373) calls her a daughter of Pallas. At the close of night she rose front the couch of her beloved Tithonus, and on a chariot drawn by the swift horses Lampus and Pha\u00ebton she ascended up to heaven from the river Oceanus, to announce the coming light of the sun to the gods as well as to mortals. (Hom. Od. v. 1, &c., xxiii. 244; Virg. Aen. iv. 129, Georg. i. 446; Hom. Hymn in Merc. 185; Theocrit. ii. 148, xiii. 11.) In the Homeric poems Eos not only announces the coming Helios, but accompanies him throughout the day, and her career is not complete till the evening; hence she is sometimes mentioned where one would have expected Helios (Od. v. 390, x. 144); and the tragic writers completely identify her with Hemera, of whom in later times the same myths are related as of Eos. (Paus. i. 3. \u00a7 1, iii. 18. \u00a7 7.) The later Greek and the Roman poets followed, on the whole, the notions of Eos, which Homer had established, and the splendour of a southern aurora, which lasts"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Queen's Diamond Jubilee in United Kingdom The Queen's Diamond Jubilee in United Kingdom [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays United Kingdom The Queen's Diamond Jubilee [PAR] The Queen's Diamond Jubilee in United Kingdom [PAR] Tuesday, June 5, 2012, was a bank holiday to celebrate Queen Elizabeth II\u2019s Diamond Jubilee in the United Kingdom. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II surrounded by members of her family on a Buckingham Palace balcony in June 2015. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II surrounded by members of her family on a Buckingham Palace balcony in June 2015. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/cheekylorns [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] Moreover, the late May bank holiday was moved to Monday, June 4, 2012, giving people across the UK a four-day long weekend. Many people had a day off work or school to celebrate the bank holiday on June 5, 2012. [PAR] The celebrations of the Queen\u2019s 60-year reign included: [PAR] A Diamond Jubilee Medal was commissioned. [PAR] A UK-wide competition for towns to bid for city status. [PAR] Royal Borough status was granted to Greenwich, which has a long-standing association with the Windsor family. [PAR] Buckingham Palace organized many events centered on the Queen\u2019s Diamond Jubilee, while the UK\u2019s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) coordinated government-led activities in celebrating this special occasion. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] Government offices, schools, post offices and most businesses are closed on UK bank holidays. [PAR] Background [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) and 15 other Commonwealth realms. She is the daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. [PAR] Born in 1926 in London, Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was named after her mother, while her two middle names are those of her paternal great-grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and her paternal grandmother, Queen Mary. [PAR] She is the great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria (1819\u20131901). Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837, is the only other British monarch to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee, in 1897. [PAR] Wartime Wedding [PAR] Elizabeth married Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten\u2013now Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh\u2013at Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947. The event was simple, as Britain was still recovering from World War II. [PAR] The Queen came to the throne on February 6, 1952, and her coronation took place on June 2, 1953. [PAR] She celebrated her Silver Jubilee in 1977 (25 years on the throne) and her Golden Jubilee in 2002 (50 years on the throne). In 2002, she visited 70 cities and towns in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland over 38 days from May to August. People all over the world held street parties, garden parties, and other events to celebrate the Golden Jubilee. [PAR] The Queen and Prince Philip have four children, with Prince Charles\u2013now the Prince of Wales\u2013as heir apparent to the throne. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] British flags, stamps, and coins all represent the Crown in different ways. The most notable symbols of the monarchy in the UK are the Crown Jewels and Regalia, the Honours of Scotland (the Scottish Crown Jewels) and the Principality of Wales. Other symbols include the Great Seal and the monarch\u2019s personal emblems such as the Royal Standard and Coats of Arms. Buildings such as Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse are also seen to represent the monarchy in the UK. [PAR] The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Observances [PAR] The Queen's Diamond Jubilee was only observed in the year 2012. [PAR] Weekday"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are baby giraffes called? | Reference.com What are baby giraffes called? | Reference.com [PAR] What are baby giraffes called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Baby giraffes are called calves. A calf can stand and walk about an hour after it is born, and it begins exploring vegetation within a week. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Giraffe babies are usually calm. If a mother leaves a calf alone, it will sit quietly and wait for her to return. [PAR] Older calves stay in a \"nursery\" with other calves. One giraffe mother stays to watch over them while the others find food and socialize. Calves develop social skills through nursery play as well as build strength and dexterity. [PAR] Although they will eat bits of vegetation when very young, giraffes do not eat leaves regularly until they are about 4 months old. They continue nursing until they are about 6 to 9 months of age."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Blisworth Tunnel - Grace's Guide Blisworth Tunnel - Graces Guide [PAR] Grace's Guide [PAR] British Industrial History [PAR] Grace's Guide is the leading source of historical information on industry and manufacturing in Britain. This web publication contains 121,787 pages of information and 182,008 images on early companies, their products and the people who designed and built them. [PAR] Blisworth Tunnel [PAR] North end. [PAR] South end. [PAR] Blisworth Tunnel is a canal tunnel on the Grand Union Canal in Northamptonshire, England between the villages of Stoke Bruerne at the southern end and Blisworth at the northern end. [PAR] The northern end is about 18 miles from the northern end of the Grand Junction Canal at Braunston, Northamptonshire and the southern end about 20 miles . [PAR] At 3,076 yards long it is the third-longest navigable canal tunnel on the UK canal network after Standedge Tunnels and Dudley Tunnel . At its deepest point it is c143 feet below ground level. [PAR] Work began in 1793 or 1794, but errors by contractor left a wiggle in the tunnel, and after three years work it collapsed due to quicksand, claiming the lives of 14 men. It was then decided to begin again with a new tunnel. [PAR] By the time the rest of the Grand Junction Canal had opened between London and Braunston, Northamptonshire in 1800, apart from the crossing of the River Great Ouse, the section of canal from Blisworth to the lower end of Stoke Bruerne locks was the only section unfinished. This was despite the tunnel having been under construction for seven years: the gap was filled by a temporary horse-drawn tramway over the top of the hill, with goods being transported from boat to wagon and back again. The tramway, built in 1801, was Northamptonshire's first railway. [PAR] In 1802 they tried again, although William Jessop proposed a flight of locks instead of a tunnel, but James Barnes the resident engineer insisted on the tunnel. [PAR] In March 1805, the tunnel was finally opened and the rails were used to connect the main line of the canal to the River Nene until the branch canal to Northampton was constructed. [PAR] There was some major rebuilding of the tunnel in the 1980s, with sections lined with pre-cast concrete rings. It was also used to test out the materials that were later used on the Channel Tunnel. One of the unused rings is on display just outside the south portal. [PAR] This tunnel is 3056 yards long and still in use. [PAR] See Also[DOC] [TLE] SOUTH PORTAL OF BLISWORTH TUNNEL - Historic England SOUTH PORTAL OF BLISWORTH TUNNEL - 1294177| Historic England [PAR] SOUTH PORTAL OF BLISWORTH TUNNEL [PAR] List Entry Summary [PAR] This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest. [PAR] Name: SOUTH PORTAL OF BLISWORTH TUNNEL [PAR] List entry Number: 1294177 [PAR] SOUTH PORTAL OF BLISWORTH TUNNEL, GRAND UNION CANAL [PAR] The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. [PAR] County: Northamptonshire [PAR] National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Grade: II [PAR] Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Legacy System Information [PAR] The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. [PAR] Legacy System: LBS [PAR] UID: 234981 [PAR] Asset Groupings [PAR] This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. [PAR] List entry Description [PAR] Legacy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall - British Royal Family History Queen Elizabeth II family | Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall [PAR] Relation to Elizabeth II: Daughter-in-law [PAR] Born: July 17, 1947 at London, England [PAR] Current Age: 69 years, 6 months, and 5 days [PAR] Married (1): Andrew Parker Bowles on July 4, 1973 at Wellington Barracks, London [PAR] Divorced: January 1, 1995 [PAR] Children: Tom Parker Bowles, Laura Parker Bowles [PAR] Married (2): Prince Charles on April 9, 2005 at The Guildhall, Windsor [PAR] Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, is the second wife or Prince Charles. She was born in London on 17 July 1947 and spent her early life in Plumpton, East Sussex. Her father was Major Bruce Shand and mother Rosalind n\ufffde Cubitt. She has a brother Mark and sister Annabel. She was educated at Dumbrells School in Sussex, Queen\ufffds Gate school in London and finishing schools in Switzerland and France. [PAR] Her relationship with Prince Charles started at a polo match in 1970 before either of them was married. She was one of a number of girl friends Charles was seen publicly with at the time and before he was under pressure to marry. In 1973 Camilla married Andrew Parker Bowles an Army officer, and they had two children Tom born in 1974, who is a godson of Prince Charles, and Laura 1978. Her husband was Roman Catholic and both children were raised as Roman Catholics. Tom attended Eton College, and in Laura St Mary\ufffds Convent school in Shaftesbury. [PAR] Prince Charles and Camilla rekindled their relationship in the 1980s during his marriage to Diana and, after Charles publicly admitted adultery, Camilla and Andrew were divorced in January 1995. They had been living apart for sometime and Andrew Parker Bowles remarried a year later. Charles and Diana divorced in 1996 and following Diana\ufffds death in 1997 Charles and Camilla were increasingly seen together. Following their divorces and the public mourning of Diana, it took several years before Camilla was considered acceptable as a possible second wife of Prince Charles and future Queen consort. [PAR] Their wedding was announced on 10 February 2005, and they were married on 9 April 2005 in a civil ceremony at the Guildhall, Windsor. Neither the Queen nor Prince Philip attended the ceremony. Camilla was given the title Duchess of Cornwall and in Scotland the Duchess of Rothesay. Following their wedding the Duchess began to take on a number of royal duties including accompanying Charles on visits to the United States and the Middle East. Her interests include horse riding and hunting. She became a grandmother in October 2007 when her son Tom Parker Bowles and his wife Sara had a daughter Lola.[DOC] [TLE] Prince Charles of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall ... Prince Charles of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall | Lisa's History Room | Page 2 [PAR] 26. Who was prime minister at the time of the Abdication Crisis? [PAR] A Stanley Baldwin [PAR] C Winston Churchill [PAR] D Ramsay Macdonald [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II is greeted by Winston and Clementine Churchill as she arrives for a dinner given at 10 Downing Street on April 4, 1955. In leading his guests in the loyal toast to Her Majesty, Churchill noted that as a young cavalry officer he had proposed similar toasts during the reign of her great-great grandmother, Queen Victoria. He resigned as Prime Minister on the following day. [PAR] 27. How many prime ministers have served under the Queen? [PAR] A. 13 [PAR] 28. Who is The Keeper of the Royal Conscience? [PAR] A. The Archbishop of Canterbury"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Books by Ian McEwan (Author of Atonement) Books by Ian McEwan (Author of Atonement) [PAR] Books by Ian McEwan [PAR] Average rating 3.71 \u00b7 690,655 ratings \u00b7 45,938 reviews \u00b7 shelved 1,175,535 times [PAR] Showing 30 distinct works. [PAR] 3.87 avg rating \u2014 352,520 ratings \u2014 published 2001 \u2014 149 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.61 avg rating \u2014 47,152 ratings \u2014 published 2005 \u2014 79 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.53 avg rating \u2014 47,988 ratings \u2014 published 2007 \u2014 83 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.67 avg rating \u2014 39,940 ratings \u2014 published 2014 \u2014 58 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.39 avg rating \u2014 38,512 ratings \u2014 published 2012 \u2014 67 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.40 avg rating \u2014 32,518 ratings \u2014 published 1998 \u2014 22 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.62 avg rating \u2014 28,840 ratings \u2014 published 1997 \u2014 34 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.23 avg rating \u2014 19,160 ratings \u2014 published 2010 \u2014 69 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.57 avg rating \u2014 17,205 ratings \u2014 published 1978 \u2014 82 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.75 avg rating \u2014 10,054 ratings \u2014 published 2016 \u2014 26 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.45 avg rating \u2014 9,836 ratings \u2014 published 1981 \u2014 66 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.59 avg rating \u2014 7,313 ratings \u2014 published 1987 \u2014 56 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.43 avg rating \u2014 7,595 ratings \u2014 published 1992 \u2014 53 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.68 avg rating \u2014 6,548 ratings \u2014 published 1990 \u2014 68 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.68 avg rating \u2014 3,868 ratings \u2014 published 1975 \u2014 37 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.72 avg rating \u2014 3,012 ratings \u2014 published 1994 \u2014 59 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear rating [PAR] 3.37 avg rating \u2014 2,385 ratings \u2014 published 1977 \u2014 27 editions [PAR] Want to Read saving\u2026 [PAR] Error rating book. Refresh and try again. [PAR] Rate this book [PAR] Clear"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Here Comes The Bride (bridal Chorus By Wagner) (arr J ... Here Comes The Bride (bridal Chorus By Wagner) (arr J Francis): Royalty Free Music by LynneMusic [PAR] Here Comes The Bride (bridal Chorus By Wagner) (arr J Francis) [PAR] Here Comes The Bride (bridal Chorus By Wagner) (arr J Francis) [PAR] by LynneMusic [PAR] Buy License [PAR] 1:43 [PAR] A happy, but tasteful rendition of this wedding ceremony classic, Piano and two violins, The Bridal Chorus by Richard Wagner is also popularly known as Here Comes The Bride. [PAR] Authors"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wine Bottle Sizes - Wrath of Grapes Wine Bottle Sizes [PAR] Holds 375 ml or one half of the standard bottle size. [PAR] Bottle [PAR] Holds 750 ml - the standard size. [PAR] Magnum [PAR] Two bottles or 1.5 litres. [PAR] Double Magnum [PAR] Twice the size of a magnum, holding 3.0 litres, or the equivalent of 4 bottles. [PAR] Jeroboam [PAR] There are two sizes of Jeroboams: the sparkling wine Jeroboam holds 4 bottles, or 3.0 litres: the still wine Jeroboam holds 6 regular bottles, or 4.5 litres. [PAR] Rehoboam [PAR] Champagne only - 4.5 litres or 6 bottles. [PAR] Imperial [PAR] Holds 6 litres or the equivalent of 8 bottles. Tends to be Bordeaux shaped. [PAR] Methuselah [PAR] Same size as an Imperial (6 litres) but is usually used for sparkling wines and is Burgundy-shaped. [PAR] Salmanazar [PAR] Holds 12 regular bottles (one case), or 9.0 litres. [PAR] Balthazar [PAR] Holds 16 bottles or 12.0 litres. [PAR] Nebuchadnezzar [PAR] Holds 20 bottles of wine or 15.0 litres. According to my colleague John Ager, quoting from Fogwells Wine Guide , it is equivalent to 20 standard bottles (15 litres, 3.96 US gal., 3.3 UK gal.). Bill Tighe says that the Nebuchadnezzar, according to the \"Random House unabridged Dictionary of the English language, as she is spoken here in the colonies, is 20 quarts, or 18.9 liters\". I suspect something amiss here! The Concise Oxford doesn't mention the word. The Encarta World English Dictionary refers only to the Babylonian king.[DOC] [TLE] Buy Champagne Jeroboam 3L - The Champagne Company Jeroboams | Buy Champagne Jeroboam 3L | The Champagne Company [PAR] \u00a315,000\u2013\u00a330,000 (1) Apply \u00a315,000\u2013\u00a330,000 filter [PAR] champagne [PAR] A Jeroboam of Champagne contains 3 Litres of Champagne and is Equal to 4 Standard Champagne Bottles. Large Bottles of Champagne are named after Biblical figures and the Jeroboam is named after two Kings of Israel, the first of whom is generally regarded as the founder of the Kingdom of Israel. Jeroboams are very popular for weddings and events as they are still easy enough in size to chill and pour. [PAR] Sort:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Salix babylonica - Plant Finder Salix babylonica - Plant Finder [PAR] Plant Finder [PAR] Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 4 Professionals [PAR] Common Name: weeping willow [PAR] Height: 30.00 to 50.00 feet [PAR] Spread: 30.00 to 50.00 feet [PAR] Bloom Time: April to May [PAR] Bloom Description: Silver green [PAR] Sun: Full sun to part shade [PAR] Water: Medium to wet [PAR] Garden locations [PAR] Culture [PAR] Grow in average, medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Thrives in moist soils. Avoid dry soils. Prefers full sun. Prune as needed in late winter to early spring. This species may not be reliably winter hardy in the St. Louis area, and is best grown in the southern parts of the U.S. [PAR] Noteworthy Characteristics [PAR] Salix babylonica, commonly called weeping willow or Babylon weeping willow, is a medium to large deciduous tree with a stout trunk topped by a graceful broad-rounded crown of branches that sweep downward to the ground. It grows to 30-50\u2019 (sometimes to 60\u2019) tall and as wide. It is native to China. [PAR] Many consider this tree to have the best form of the weeping willows available in commerce. Bark is gray-black. Branchlets are typically green or brown. This weeping willow can be a spectacular specimen at the edge of a pond with its branches gracefully weeping down to touch the water, however, it is often very difficult to site this tree in a residential landscape. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers appearing in silvery green catkins (to 1\u201d long) on separate male and female trees. Flowering catkins appear in April-May, but are not showy. Narrow, lanceolate, finely-toothed leaves (to 6\u201d long and 3/4\u201d wide) with long acuminate apices are light green above and gray-green beneath. Variable fall color is usually an undistinguished greenish-yellow. [PAR] Some experts believe that the true species no longer exists in the wild in China and that plants being sold today under the name S. babylonica are primarily hybrids or mistakenly identified similar species. [PAR] Salix is an ancient Latin name for willows. [PAR] The specific epithet was given to this tree by Carl Linnaeus who mistakenly believed it to be the biblical willow of Babylon instead of a tree from China that was likely transported westward beginning in biblical times along the Silk Road trade route from China through central Asia, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria, eventually finding its way into Europe by the early 1700s. The trees growing in Babylon along the Euphrates River in biblical times were probably poplars (Populus euphratica) which are not willows but are in the willow family. [PAR] Problems [PAR] Susceptible to numerous disease problems including blights, powdery mildew, leaf spots and cankers. It also is visited by many insect pests including aphids, scale, borers, lacebugs and caterpillars. Wood is weak and tends to crack. Branches may be damaged by ice and snow. Litter from leaves, twigs and branches may be a problem. Shallow roots may clog sewers or drains and make gardening underneath the trees difficult. [PAR] Garden Uses [PAR] Weeping form of this tree is quite beautiful when the tree is planted in appropriate settings. Weeping willow may be grown most effectively in moist soils along streams, ponds or other water bodies. It is generally not recommended for use as a specimen in residential landscapes because of its susceptibility to breakage, potential insect/disease problems, invasive roots which seek out cracks in sewer and water pipes, litter potential, and overall mature size (this can develop into a very large tree)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lake Onega | lake, Russia | Britannica.com Lake Onega | lake, Russia | Britannica.com [PAR] Lake Onega [PAR] Alternative Titles: Onezhskoye, Ozero Onezhskoe [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Leaders of Muscovy, Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Soviet Union [PAR] Lake Onega, Russian Onezhskoye, Ozero Onezhskoe, second largest lake in Europe , situated in the northwest part of the European portion of Russia , between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea . It covers an area of 3,753 square miles (9,720 square km). It is 154 miles (248 km) long; its greatest width is 50 miles (80 km); and its greatest depth is about 380 feet (116 m). [PAR] Lake Onega, Russia [PAR] MIR Agency [PAR] The hollow of the lake was formed by movements of the Earth\u2019s crust, but Quaternary glaciers (those from the past 2.6 million years) elongated it from northwest to southeast. The shores to the north and northwest are high and rocky, built of layered granite and covered with forest. There are deep bays at Petrozavodsk , Kondopoga, and Povenots. The southern shores are narrow, sandy, and often marshy or flooded. Onega has about 1,650 islands covering a total of approximately 100 square miles (260 square km), mostly in the northern and northwestern bays. [PAR] Fifty rivers enter Onega, the largest being the Shuya and Suna in the northwest and the Vodla in the east. In the southeast and east are the Andoma, Vytegra, and Megra rivers. Lake Onega itself empties into the Svir River. The water level reaches its highest point in the summer and its lowest in March\u2013April, varying about 24 inches (60 cm) annually. The water circulates in a twisting pattern within the lake because of differences of temperature between the coastal and the open regions. During autumn gales, waves sometimes reach 14 or 15 feet (about 4.5 m). [PAR] The region has a cold climate. The coastal parts of the lake and the small bays begin to freeze at the end of November, and the deeper central parts in the middle of January, although in some years the central parts do not freeze. Thawing begins at the end of April. [PAR] Similar Topics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? [PAR] Article Updated: 29 Jan , 2016 [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Here on Earth, we to end to not give our measurements of time much thought. Unless we\u2019re griping about Time Zones, enjoying the extra day of a Leap Year, or contemplating the rationality of Daylight Savings Time, we tend to take it all for granted. But when you consider the fact that increments like a year are entirely relative, dependent on a specific space and place, you begin to see how time really works. [PAR] Here on Earth, we consider a year to be 365 days. Unless of course it\u2019s a Leap Year, which takes place every four years (in which it is 366). But the actual definition of a year is the time it takes our planet to complete a single orbit around the Sun. So if you were to put yourself in another frame of reference \u2013 say, another planet \u2013 a year would work out to something else. Let\u2019s see just how long a year is on the other planets, shall we? [PAR] A Year On Mercury: [PAR] To put it simply, Mercury has an orbital period of 88 days (87.969 to be exact), which means a single year is 88 Earth days \u2013 or the equivalent of about 0.241 Earth years. But here\u2019s the thing. Because of Mercury\u2019s slow rotation (once every 58.646 days) and its rapid orbital speed (47.362 km/s), one day on Mercury actually works out to 175.96 Earth days. [PAR] MESSENGER maps of Mercury \u2013 a monochrome map at 250 m/pixel and an eight-color (left), 1-km/pixel color map. Small gaps will be filled in during the next solar day (right). Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University APL/Carnegie Institution of Washington [PAR] So basically, a single year on Mercury is half as long as a Mercurian (aka. Hermian) day. This is due to Mercury being the closest planet to the Sun, ranging from 46,001,200 km at perihelion to 69,816,900 km at aphelion. At that distance, the planet shoots around the Sun faster than any other in our Solar System and has the shortest year. [PAR] In the course of a year, Mercury experiences intense variations in surface temperature \u2013 ranging from 80 \u00b0K (-193.15 \u00b0C;-315.67 \u00b0F) to 700 \u00b0K (426.85 \u00b0C; 800.33 \u00b0F). However, this is due to the planet\u2019s varying distance from the Sun and its spin, which subjects one side to extended periods of extremely hot temperatures and one side to extended periods of night. Mercury\u2019s low axial tilt (0.034\u00b0) and its rapid orbital period means that there really is no seasonal variation on Mercury. Basically, one part of the year is as hellishly hot, or horribly cold, as any other. [PAR] A Year On Venus: [PAR] The second closest planet to our Sun, Venus completes a single orbit once ever 224.7 days. This means that a single year on Venus works out to about 0.6152 Earth years. But, once again, things are complicated by the fact that Venus has an unusual rotation period. In fact, Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis \u2013 the slowest rotation of any planet \u2013 and its rotation is retrograde to its orbital path. [PAR] The planet Venus, as imagined by the Magellan 10 mission. Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Combined with its orbital period, this means that a single solar day on Venus (the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brokeback Mountain (2005) - IMDb Brokeback Mountain (2005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The story of a forbidden and secretive relationship between two cowboys, and their lives over the years. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 20 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 37 titles [PAR] created 03 Aug 2013 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 21 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 05 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 08 Jun 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Brokeback Mountain \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 3 Oscars. Another 131 wins & 121 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] The story of Harvey Milk , and his struggles as an American gay activist who fought for gay rights and became California's first openly gay elected official. [PAR] Director: Gus Van Sant [PAR] In the Antarctic, every March since the beginning of time, the quest begins to find the perfect mate and start a family. [PAR] Director: Luc Jacquet [PAR] A widower is determined to get to the bottom of a potentially explosive secret involving his wife's murder, big business, and corporate corruption. [PAR] Director: Fernando Meirelles [PAR] Two documentary filmmakers chronicle their time in Sonagchi, Calcutta and the relationships they developed with children of prostitutes who work the city's notorious red light district. [PAR] Directors: Zana Briski, Ross Kauffman [PAR] Stars: Kochi, Avijit Halder, Shanti Das [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.4/10 X [PAR] In 1959, Truman Capote learns of the murder of a Kansas family and decides to write a book about the case. While researching for his novel In Cold Blood, Capote forms a relationship with one of the killers, Perry Smith, who is on death row. [PAR] Director: Bennett Miller [PAR] Post-WWII Germany: Nearly a decade after his affair with an older woman came to a mysterious end, law student Michael Berg re-encounters his former lover as she defends herself in a war-crime trial. [PAR] Director: Stephen Daldry [PAR] Alex Gibney exposes the haunting details of the USA's torture and interrogation practices during the War in Afghanistan. [PAR] Director: Alex Gibney [PAR] A politically charged epic about the state of the oil industry in the hands of those personally involved and affected by it. [PAR] Director: Stephen Gaghan [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X [PAR] The story of the life and career of the legendary rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles , from his humble beginnings in the South, where he went blind at age seven, to his meteoric rise to stardom during the 1950s and 1960s. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] A family determined to get their young daughter into the finals of a beauty pageant take a cross-country trip in their VW bus. [PAR] Directors: Jonathan Dayton, Valerie Faris [PAR] Stars: Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Greg Kinnear [PAR] A committed dancer wins the lead role in a production of Tchaikovsky's \"Swan Lake\" only to find herself struggling to maintain her"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Silver Streak (1976) Starring: Gene Wilder, Jill Clayburgh ... Silver Streak (1976) Starring: Gene Wilder, Jill Clayburgh, Richard Pryor - Three Movie Buffs Review [PAR] Reviewed on: August 25th, 2014 [PAR] Gene Wilder and Richard Pryor in Silver Streak. [PAR] Silver Streak is a lightweight Hitchcockesque comedy set on board its titular train. While it's genuinely funny with even a modicum of suspense, the reason it's remembered so well is for being the first film to pair Gene Wilder with Richard Pryor. It's a paring that should have happened two years earlier on Blazing Saddles, but Cleavon Little stood in for Pryor when a nervous studio refused to put Pryor in front of the camera. Pryor is very much in a supporting role here, but it's his presence, and particularly his interactions with Wilder, that really kick this movie up a notch. [PAR] If this were a Hitchcock film, the lead would no doubt have been played by the likes of Cary Grant. Wilder is no Grant (but then no one else ever was) and he makes an unlikely romantic leading man, but makes up for his shortcomings in that department with his comic timing. He plays George, a book editor traveling from Los Angeles to Chicago by train. Very quickly he meets and falls in love with Hilly (Clayburgh), the woman traveling in the next compartment. While enjoying her companionship that first night, he thinks he sees a dead body fall off the roof of the train and past their window. This leads to George becoming involved with a train board mystery and winds up with him being ejected from the train on 3 different occasions. On one of these occasions he encounters Grover (Pryor), a thief who helps him get back aboard the train where they can hopefully rescue Hilly. [PAR] Much of the humor is generated by Wilder's everyman being in over his head. He goes from being a mild-mannered book editor who is afraid of flying, to someone engaged in a shoot-out while rescuing a damsel in distress. Wilder played hysterical better than anyone and he has a few nice moments where he becomes that here, with one of the best coming when George tries to explain without success what has been happening on board the train to a local sheriff. He also has a cute moment with an old woman and an airplane. [PAR] Pryor doesn't make his entrance until roughly an hour into the film, but there's an instant chemistry between the two stars. The street smarts of Pryor plays perfectly off of Wilder's fussier straitlaced mannerisms. This is epitomized in the film's most famous scene when Grover convinces George to paint his face with shoe polish and pretend to be black so they can get past the police and back on the train. [PAR] Along with the leads, there are several recognizable faces in supporting roles. Scatman Crothers plays the train porter and gets a few laughs of his own. Ned Beatty is the dirty minded vitamin salesman who turns out to have more on his mind than just the motion of the train. And Patrick McGoohan plays the Bond Villain worthy Roger Devereau who delights in plots and scenarios. [PAR] Special mention should also be made of the memorable score by Henry Mancini. The sweeping refrain of its main theme gives the film scope and makes it seem grander than its silly premise. [PAR] Wilder and Pryor would be funnier together in later pairings and their screen time together would become more democratic, but in terms of quality of the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Italian Job (2003) - IMDb The Italian Job (2003) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] After being betrayed and left for dead in Italy, Charlie Croker and his team plan an elaborate gold heist against their former ally. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 21 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2012 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 12 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 7 months ago [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: The Italian Job (2003) [PAR] 7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 7 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Frank is hired to \"transport\" packages for unknown clients and has made a very good living doing so. But when asked to move a package that begins moving, complications arise. [PAR] Directors: Louis Leterrier, Corey Yuen [PAR] Stars: Jason Statham, Qi Shu, Matt Schulze [PAR] Mercenary Frank Martin, who specializes moving goods of all kinds, surfaces again this time in Miami, Florida when he's implicated in the kidnapping of the young son of a powerful USA official. [PAR] Director: Louis Leterrier [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2/10 X [PAR] A marksman living in exile is coaxed back into action after learning of a plot to kill the President. Ultimately double-crossed and framed for the attempt, he goes on the run to find the real killer and the reason he was set up. [PAR] Director: Antoine Fuqua [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3/10 X [PAR] Martine offers Terry a lead on a foolproof bank hit on London's Baker Street. She targets a roomful of safe deposit boxes worth millions in cash and jewelry. But Terry and his crew don't realize the boxes also contain a treasure trove of dirty secrets - secrets that will thrust them into a deadly web of corruption and illicit scandal. [PAR] Director: Roger Donaldson [PAR] Danny Ocean and his eleven accomplices plan to rob three Las Vegas casinos simultaneously. [PAR] Director: Steven Soderbergh [PAR] A retired CIA agent travels across Europe and relies on his old skills to save his estranged daughter, who has been kidnapped while on a trip to Paris. [PAR] Director: Pierre Morel [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.1/10 X [PAR] Frank Martin puts the driving gloves on to deliver Valentina, the kidnapped daughter of a Ukranian government official, from Marseilles to Odessa on the Black Sea. En route, he has to contend with thugs who want to intercept Valentina's safe delivery and not let his personal feelings get in the way of his dangerous objective. [PAR] Director: Olivier Megaton [PAR] Professional assassin Chev"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Mighty Ducks - Movies & TV on Google Play The Mighty Ducks - Movies & TV on Google Play [PAR] The Mighty Ducks [PAR] Item added to wishlist. [PAR] Item removed from wishlist. [PAR] You will receive an email when your movie becomes available. You will not be charged until it is released. [PAR] ( 357) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Tough trial lawyer Gordon Bombay (Emilio Estevez) never loses. But when he's slapped with a community service assignment, he must coach a ragtag team of pee wee hockey players who can't skate, can't score, and can't win! Reluctantly, Bombay takes on the assignment and soon realizes there are more important things than winning. Armed with this new attitude, feathers fly as Bombay and the Ducks battle along to the toughest game of their lives! [PAR] My review [PAR] Very lame ice-hockey flick. [PAR] Janet Maslin [PAR] The film is remarkably oblivious to the fact that if the team weren't hell-bent on a championship, young moviegoers would be significantly less interested in its adventures. [PAR] Roger Ebert [PAR] It must be said that this movie is sweet and innocent, and that at a certain level it might appeal to younger kids. I doubt if its ambitions reach much beyond that. [PAR] Desson Thomson [PAR] Those not yet wise to formulaic pablum are likely to enjoy this ice hockey kiddie ensemble comedy. But their older escorts might want to bring a novel and a flashlight, or a Walkman or portable television with earphones. [PAR] Rita Kempley [PAR] Steven Brill, who has a small role in the film, constructed the screenplay much as one would put together some of those particleboard bookcases from Ikea. [PAR] Alvin Saguin [PAR] Great child hood memory Classic. GO DUCKS! Quack quack quack [PAR] Critic reviews [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Janet Maslin [PAR] The film is remarkably oblivious to the fact that if the team weren't hell-bent on a championship, young moviegoers would be significantly less interested in its adventures. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Roger Ebert [PAR] It must be said that this movie is sweet and innocent, and that at a certain level it might appeal to younger kids. I doubt if its ambitions reach much beyond that. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Desson Thomson [PAR] Those not yet wise to formulaic pablum are likely to enjoy this ice hockey kiddie ensemble comedy. But their older escorts might want to bring a novel and a flashlight, or a Walkman or portable television with earphones. [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Rita Kempley [PAR] Steven Brill, who has a small role in the film, constructed the screenplay much as one would put together some of those particleboard bookcases from Ikea. [PAR] Alvin Saguin February 9, 2014 [PAR] Great child hood memory Classic. GO DUCKS! Quack quack quack [PAR] Jennifer Hajba April 12, 2016 [PAR] I loved the mighty ducks when I was growing up. Quack Quack Quack! [PAR] Full Review [PAR] A Google User October 9, 2012 [PAR] Bad But where is the second one. Going from first to thrid it gets confusing. So please upload the second one. Cause u guys suck. So please...... [PAR] sehad ramic July 15, 2014 [PAR] Ducks Dont say that google user all the movies is good [PAR] Cheryl Coleman October 10, 2015 [PAR] Cute Film I bet yu didn't notice the lightskin curly head kid is Jussie Smollett of Empire... [PAR] A Google User October 17, 2012 [PAR] I want to buy Please make it available to buy!!! [PAR] Full Review [PAR] Brendan Boone May 17, 2016 [PAR] Great movie I'd have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) - IMDb Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Picnic at Hanging Rock ( 1975 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] During a rural summer picnic, a few students and a teacher from an Australian girls' school vanish without a trace. Their absence frustrates and haunts the people left behind. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 18 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 11 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 07 Nov 2015 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 20 Nov 2015 [PAR] Title: Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) [PAR] 7.6/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 3 wins & 11 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Three students and a school teacher disappear on an excursion to Hanging Rock, in Victoria, on Valentine's Day, 1900. Widely (and incorrectly) regarded as being based on a true story, the movie follows those that disappeared, and those that stayed behind, but it delights in the asking of questions, not the answering of them. Written by David Carroll <davidc@atom.ansto.gov.au> [PAR] A recollection of evil See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 2 February 1979 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] El enigma en las Rocas Colgantes See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] $27,492 (USA) (26 June 1998) [PAR] Gross: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] The opening lines spoken by Miranda, \"What we see and what we seem are but a dream, a dream within a dream\" are a paraphrase of lines from the poem A Dream within a Dream, by Edgar Allan Poe. The lines appear as the last two lines of each of the two verses of the poem, with a slight rearrangement in the wording. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] Miranda cuts the Valentine's Day cake with a clean kitchen knife. However, the next shot shows the cake cut down the middle, and the same knife lying beside it clean and bare, as if it had never been used. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] [first lines] [PAR] Miranda : What we see and what we seem are but a dream, a dream within a dream. [PAR] See more \u00bb [PAR] Connections [PAR] (Canada) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] Even though this has been described as a film about sexual repression (and Peter Weir may have thought he was making such a film), I don't think it is--rather, it is a celebration of the dreamy, self contained sexuality (or rather pre-sexuality) of young adolescent girls just before they seriously turn their attention to men. Sure, they may be living in a society straitjacketed by Victorian mores, but the girls really don't seem to be the unhappier for this, non withstanding the earthy maid's comments that she feels sorry for them. Miranda and her friends seem completely content and at ease in their languid, hothousey world of poetry, pink and white bedrooms, and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 18 January 2017 6:08 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ( 1968 ) [PAR] G | [PAR] A down-on-his-luck inventor turns a broken-down Grand Prix car into a fancy vehicle for his children, and then they go off on a magical fantasy adventure to save their grandfather in a far-off land. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 30 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 31 titles [PAR] created 31 Jul 2011 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 08 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 10 months ago [PAR] a list of 33 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] Title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) [PAR] 6.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A magical nanny helps bring the two children she's in charge of closer to their father through songs and magical adventures. [PAR] Director: Robert Stevenson [PAR] An apprentice witch, three kids and a cynical conman search for the missing component to a magic spell useful to the defense of Britain. [PAR] Director: Robert Stevenson [PAR] Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. [PAR] Director: Mel Stuart [PAR] A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. [PAR] Director: Robert Wise [PAR] Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. [PAR] Director: Carol Reed [PAR] Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, and 5 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc [PAR] Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] An eccentric professor invents wacky machinery but can't seem to make ends meet. When he invents a revolutionary car, a foreign government becomes interested in it and resorts to skulduggery to get their hands on it. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> [PAR] Get a \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" Out of Life! See more \u00bb [PAR] Genres: [PAR] 18 December 1968 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] Tschitti Tschitti B\u00e4ng B\u00e4ng See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Seven different Chitties were built: a worn-out one, a restored one, one for the flying scenes, one for the water scenes and three partial models for various other scenes. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] In the candy factory scene, the colour and cut of Mr. Potts' haircut changes right before the Toot Sweet musical number. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Truly Scrumptious : [referring to helping the children] It's a beautiful dream Caractacus, but... I don't see how it's gonna help them. [PAR] [Truly looks at the children around them and Caractacus stands up] [PAR] Caracticus Potts : [confident]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Barefoot in the Park (1967) - IMDb Barefoot in the Park (1967) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Barefoot in the Park ( 1967 ) [PAR] Approved | [PAR] Paul, a conservative young lawyer, marries the vivacious Corie. Their highly passionate relationship descends into comical discord in a five-flight New York City walk-up apartment. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Watch the video [PAR] Related News [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 06 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 23 Nov 2012 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 20 Apr 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 26 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Title: Barefoot in the Park (1967) [PAR] 7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A railroad official, Owen Legate comes to Dodson, Mississippi to shut down much of the town's railway (town's main income). Owen unexpectedly finds love with Dodson's flirt and main ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] Sonny Steele used to be a rodeo star, but his next appearance is to be on a Las Vegas stage, wearing a suit covered in lights, advertising a breakfast cereal. When he finds out they are ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] Two desperate people have a wonderful romance, but their political views and convictions drive them apart. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] The new warden of a small prison farm in Arkansas tries to clean it up of corruption after initially posing as an inmate. [PAR] Director: Stuart Rosenberg [PAR] The escape of Bubber Reeves from prison affects the inhabitants of a small Southern town. [PAR] Director: Arthur Penn [PAR] Bill McKay is a candidate for the U.S. Senate from California. He has no hope of winning, so he is willing to tweak the establishment. [PAR] Director: Michael Ritchie [PAR] Eileen is 22 and is smarting from her breakup with Russ. She comes to New York to visit her brother, Adam, who is an airline pilot. Eileen confides to her brother that she thinks she may be... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Peter Tewksbury [PAR] A Midwesterner becomes fascinated with his nouveau riche neighbor, who obsesses over his lost love. [PAR] Director: Jack Clayton [PAR] Quietly cocky Robert Redford joins U.S. ski team as downhill racer and clashes with the team's coach, played by Gene Hackman. Lots of good skiing action leading to an exciting climax. [PAR] Director: Michael Ritchie [PAR] Two friends try sharing an apartment, but their ideas of housekeeping and lifestyles are as different as night and day. [PAR] Director: Gene Saks [PAR] A bookish CIA researcher finds all his co-workers dead, and must outwit those responsible until he figures out who he can really trust. [PAR] Director: Sydney Pollack [PAR] A mountain man who wishes to live the life of a hermit becomes the unwilling object of a long vendetta by Indians, and proves to be a match for their warriors in one-on-one combat on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pictures & Photos from The Towering Inferno (1974) - IMDb Pictures & Photos from The Towering Inferno (1974) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] Steve McQueen \"Towering Inferno\" 1974 Warner Bros. [PAR] Photo 23 of 63 [PAR] [PAR] IMDb Everywhere [PAR] Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet![DOC] [TLE] The Towering Inferno (1974) Starring: Steve McQueen, Paul ... The Towering Inferno (1974) Starring: Steve McQueen, Paul Newman, William Holden - Three Movie Buffs Review [PAR] Reviewed on: January 26th, 2010 [PAR] Fred Astaire and Jennifer Jones are the most likable characters. [PAR] 1974 was the peak year for the all-star disaster movies of the 1970\u2019s. That one year brought us Airport 1975, Earthquake, and The Towering Inferno. Set in San Francisco, this time around the disaster involves a fire in the world\u2019s tallest building, on the very night the building is having it\u2019s christening party in the promenade ballroom on the 135th floor. [PAR] This movie follows the same blueprint as The Poseidon Adventure only it takes place in a tall burning building instead of on a capsized ship. Take a group of people played by famous aging movie stars, throw in a couple of children and a ballad by Maureen McGovern, then light a fire and watch them fight to survive. This movie is nowhere near as good as The Poseidon Adventure. Besides the obvious fact that it is a rip-off of that movie it also lacks a good script with characters that you care about. [PAR] The cast and some decent special effects are all this movie has going for it. How many movies can boast Paul Newman, Steve McQueen and William Holden? How about Fred Astaire, Faye Dunaway and Jennifer Jones in her last movie role? Richard Chamberlain, Robert Wagner and Robert Vaughn are here too. It also boasts O.J. Simpson, Dabney Coleman and Bobby Brady (Mike Lookinland). Surely a cast for the ages. [PAR] McQueen is a fireman, Newman is an architect, Holden is the owner of the building blah, blah, blah. None of them are fully fleshed out characters. Faye Dunaway suffers the most as she is given very few lines, she just gets to kiss Paul Newman a few times. Jennifer Jones and Fred Astaire are the best characters. In one scene they share a dance and the performer in Fred comes eagerly out. [PAR] The last hour is pretty entertaining. The action builds to a decent climax and the effects hold up reasonably well. And boy is this a time capsule of the era. This was how cars looked when they still made them in Detroit. This movie is but a curiosity today, watch it for the cast or for the nostalgia but don\u2019t expect too much. [PAR] Did you enjoy Patrick's review? [PAR] +18 [PAR] Reviewed on: August 29th, 2014 [PAR] Steve McQueen, Faye Dunaway and Paul Newman in The Towering Inferno. [PAR] The Towering Inferno was a huge hit upon its release. It was the second highest grossing film of 1974 (behind only Blazing Saddles) and was nominated for 8 Academy Awards including Best Picture and Supporting Actor for Fred Astaire, of which it won three for Cinematography, Editing and Song. However, as Patrick said, it hasn't aged particularly well and today remains mainly watchable only as a curiosity thanks to its all-star cast. [PAR] The plot of the film is based upon two different books. Warner Bros. owned the rights to \"The Tower\", while the master of disaster, Irwin Allen, at 20th Century Fox,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jack And Sarah Trailer 1995 - YouTube Jack And Sarah Trailer 1995 - YouTube [PAR] Jack And Sarah Trailer 1995 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 10, 2014 [PAR] Jack And Sarah Trailer 1995 [PAR] Director: Tim Sullivan [PAR] Starring: Ian McKellen, Imogen Stubbs, Judi Dench, Richard E. Grant, Samantha Mathis, Cherie Lunghi [PAR] Official Content From PolyGram Video [PAR] All alone with the frightening task of bringing up his baby daughter, a busy lawyer hires a nanny. It's a perfect, businesslike relationship until their hearts get in the way. [PAR] Movie, Jack And Sarah Movie,Jack And Sarah Trailer,Jack And Sarah 1995, Tim Sullivan,Ian McKellen, Imogen Stubbs, Judi Dench, Richard E. Grant, Samantha Mathis, Cherie Lunghi [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] American Gigolo (1980) - IMDb American Gigolo (1980) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A Los Angeles male escort, who mostly caters to an older female client\u00e8le, is accused of a murder which he did not commit. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 32 titles [PAR] created 27 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 20 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 6 months ago [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" American Gigolo \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 2 Golden Globes. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A young man must complete his work at a Navy Flight school to become an aviator, with the help of a tough gunnery sergeant and his new girlfriend. [PAR] Director: Taylor Hackford [PAR] A drug dealer with upscale clientele is having moral problems going about his daily deliveries. A reformed addict, he has never gotten over the wife that left him, and the couple that use ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Paul Schrader [PAR] A conservative Midwest businessman ventures into the sordid underworld of pornography in California to look for his runaway teenage daughter who is making porno films in California's porno pits. [PAR] Director: Paul Schrader [PAR] Keen young Raymond Avila joins the Internal Affairs Department of the Los Angeles police. He and partner Amy Wallace are soon looking closely at the activities of cop Dennis Peck whose ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Mike Figgis [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.8/10 X [PAR] Jesse has to get out of Las Vegas quickly, and steals a car to drive to L.A. On the way he shoots a police man. When he makes it to L.A. he stays with Monica, a girl he has only known for a... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Jim McBride [PAR] A young woman's sexual awakening brings horror when she discovers her urges transform her into a monstrous black leopard. [PAR] Director: Paul Schrader [PAR] A deeply troubled small town cop investigates a suspicious hunting death while events occur that cause him to mentally disintergrate. [PAR] Director: Paul Schrader [PAR] Three workers, Zeke ( Richard Pryor ), Jerry ( Harvey Keitel ) and Smokey ( Yaphet Kotto ), are working at a car plant and drinking their beers together. One night when they steal away from their... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Paul Schrader [PAR] A psychiatrist (Gere) has an affair with his patient's sister (Basinger) who is married to a Greek mobster (Roberts). The mobster is a tyrant over his wife. The psychiatrist wants her to ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Phil Joanou [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.6/10 X [PAR] Eddie, a Chicago cop on the edge, goes undercover as hitman. A man and a mysterious woman want him to kill a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Unforgiven (1992) - IMDb Unforgiven (1992) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Retired Old West gunslinger William Munny reluctantly takes on one last job, with the help of his old partner and a young man. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 01 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 21 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 10 Jun 2013 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 19 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 5 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Unforgiven \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 4 Oscars. Another 36 wins & 29 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Disgruntled Korean War veteran Walt Kowalski sets out to reform his neighbor, a Hmong teenager who tried to steal Kowalski's prized possession: a 1972 Gran Torino. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] Two bounty hunters with the same intentions team up to track down a Western outlaw. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] A determined woman works with a hardened boxing trainer to become a professional. [PAR] Director: Clint Eastwood [PAR] An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small industrial town in Pennsylvania. [PAR] Director: Michael Cimino [PAR] A bounty hunting scam joins two men in an uneasy alliance against a third in a race to find a fortune in gold buried in a remote cemetery. [PAR] Director: Sergio Leone [PAR] A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. [PAR] Director: Michael Mann [PAR] As corruption grows in 1950s LA, three policemen - one strait-laced, one brutal, and one sleazy - investigate a series of murders with their own brand of justice. [PAR] Director: Curtis Hanson [PAR] Violence and mayhem ensue after a hunter stumbles upon a drug deal gone wrong and more than two million dollars in cash near the Rio Grande. [PAR] Directors: Ethan Coen, Joel Coen [PAR] Stars: Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, Josh Brolin [PAR] In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. [PAR] Director: Brian De Palma [PAR] Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. [PAR] Director: Martin Scorsese [PAR] Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 44 Inch Chest (2009) - IMDb 44 Inch Chest (2009) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] A jealous husband and his friends plot the kidnapping of his wife's lover with the intention of restoring his wounded ego. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 13 Apr 2012 [PAR] a list of 29 titles [PAR] created 15 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 24 images [PAR] created 03 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 28 Jan 2015 [PAR] Title: 44 Inch Chest (2009) [PAR] 5.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 2 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Colin is in agony, shattered by his wife's infidelity. However, he has friends who do more than stand by -- they kidnap the wife's French lover and hold him prisoner so that Colin can restore his manhood with revenge. A kangaroo court takes place and as the situation escalates Loverboy's life hangs in the balance as Colin wrestles with revenge, remorse, grief and self pity, all the while egged on by his motley crew of friends who just want him to get on with it so they can get down the pub. Written by Anonymous [PAR] Rated R for pervasive strong language including sexual references, and some violence | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 15 January 2010 (UK) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] The word 'cunt' is used 48 times See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Liz : It's not like that Colin. I don't feel the same as you, I just want to get out. [PAR] Colin Diamond : Well fuck off then. Go on, get. Fuck off. I'll be alright. Selfish bastard. I ain't gonna stop you. I'll tell you. You fuck off, you horrible cunt. You traitor. I hate you. [PAR] Liz : Not if you're going to start calling me names. [PAR] Colin Diamond : Don't you... a nasty, unfaithful cow who sucked another man's bellend, tell me, fucking tell me, that I'm calling you names. Who is he? [PAR] Liz : Does it matter? [PAR] Colin Diamond : Who is he? Tell me the cunt's name, I want to ... [PAR] [...] [PAR] Written and Conducted by Victor Young [PAR] Courtesy of Paramount Pictures & Sony/ATV Publishing [PAR] (Sydney, Australia) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] (I saw this at the Sydney Film Festival, but IMDb has it as \"in production\", so I may have seen an incomplete version.) The pitch would have been something like \"Reservoir Dogs meets Last Orders\". From Reservoir Dogs we get the basic set-up of a bunch of crooks played by fine actors meeting in a lock-up and debating what to do with their captive, plus an enigmatic title and a flashback structure. From Last Orders comes a group of top-notch actors clearly enjoying themselves in a brown, downbeat London. [PAR] Some of the dialogue is fun if you like expletives spat out in poetry-like rhythms. There are good jokes and the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The War of the Roses (1989) - IMDb The War of the Roses (1989) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The War of the Roses ( 1989 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] A married couple try everything to get each other to leave the house in a vicious divorce battle. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 01 Aug 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 11 Sep 2011 [PAR] a list of 43 titles [PAR] created 01 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 06 Feb 2014 [PAR] a list of 48 titles [PAR] created 04 Aug 2014 [PAR] Title: The War of the Roses (1989) [PAR] 6.8/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Golden Globes. Another 2 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] This is the sequel to \"Romancing the Stone\" where Jack and Joan have their yacht and easy life, but are gradually getting bored with each other and this way of life. Joan accepts an ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Lewis Teague [PAR] A romance writer sets off to Colombia to ransom her kidnapped sister, and soon finds herself in the middle of a dangerous adventure. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] A married man's one-night stand comes back to haunt him when that lover begins to stalk him and his family. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] A computer specialist is sued for sexual harassment by a former lover turned boss who initiated the act forcefully, which threatens both his career and his personal life. [PAR] Director: Barry Levinson [PAR] Two NYC cops arrest a Yakuza member and must escort him when he's extradited to Japan. [PAR] Director: Ridley Scott [PAR] A violent, suspended police detective investigates a brutal murder, in which a manipulative and seductive woman could be involved. [PAR] Director: Paul Verhoeven [PAR] A remake of the Alfred Hitchcock classic Dial M for Murder (1954). [PAR] Director: Andrew Davis [PAR] A borderline personality disordered defense worker frustrated with the various flaws he sees in society, begins to psychotically and violently lash out against them. [PAR] Director: Joel Schumacher [PAR] A young and impatient stockbroker is willing to do anything to get to the top, including trading on illegal inside information taken through a ruthless and greedy corporate raider who takes the youth under his wing. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] A bitter ex-husband and a put-upon momma's boy both want their respective former spouse and mother dead. Who will pull it off? [PAR] Director: Danny DeVito [PAR] A millionaire offers $1,000,000 to a young married couple for a night with the wife. [PAR] Director: Adrian Lyne [PAR] An American reporter goes to the Australian outback to meet an eccentric crocodile poacher and invites him to New York City. [PAR] Director: Peter Faiman [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] The Roses, Barbara and Oliver, live happily as a married couple. Then she starts to wonder what life would be like without Oliver, and likes what she sees. Both want to stay in the house, and so they begin a campaign to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christopher Cross - Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do ... Christopher Cross - Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do) - YouRepeat [PAR] Add our chrome extension to repeat YouTube videos at the click of a button [PAR] Christopher Cross - Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do) [PAR] Choose your time range using the slider. [PAR] Start: [PAR] Use this link to share your repeat [PAR] GIF Creation Settings [PAR] Separate tags with commas or press enter (max 5 tags) [PAR] Quick GIF Create [PAR] Tears for Fears- Everybody Wants to Rule the World [PAR] Christopher Cross [PAR] Christopher Cross is an American singer-songwriter from San Antonio, Texas. His debut album earned him five Grammy Awards. He is perhaps best known for his US Top Ten hit songs, \"Sailing\", \"Ride Like the Wind\", and \"Arthur's Theme\", the latter recorded by him for the film Arthur, which starred Dudley Moore. \"Sailing\" earned three Grammys in 1981, while \"Arthur's Theme\" won the Oscar for Best Original Song in 1981. [PAR] Place of birth: San Antonio [PAR] Nationality: United States of America [PAR] Christopher Cross: An Evening with Christopher Cross [PAR] Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do) [PAR] \"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)\" is a song performed and written by American singer-songwriter Christopher Cross, which was the main theme for the 1981 film Arthur starring Liza Minnelli and Dudley Moore. In the US, it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and on the Hot Adult Contemporary charts during October 1981, remaining at the top on the Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks. Overseas, it also went to number one on the VG-lista chart in Norway and a top ten hit all around the world. The song became the second and last American number one hit by Christopher Cross. [PAR] Composer"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Serendipity : Watch online now with Amazon Instant Video ... Serendipity : Watch online now with Amazon Instant Video: John Cusack, Kate Beckinsale, Molly Shannon, Jeremy Piven, John Corbett, Bridget Moynahan, Eugene Levy, Peter Chelsom: Amazon.co.uk [PAR] By GratuitousViolets TOP 1000 REVIEWERVINE VOICE on 20 Jan. 2007 [PAR] Format: DVD [PAR] This is one of those movies that while completely predictable and very unlikely to happen, is still unique and captivating in it's own way. [PAR] It's a wonderful love story about Jonathan and Sara, two people who meet by chance trying to buy the same pair of Cashmere gloves in Bloomingdales just before Christmas. Both are in a relationship with different people yet, on this one chance meeting and spending a day together, are quite taken with each other. [PAR] Although Jonathan wants to continue seeing Sara, Sara - as a firm believer in fate - thinks they should let it be fates decision whether they should end up together, and so, Sara writes her name and number in a book which she will give to charity, and Jonathan writes his name and number on a five dollar bill which Sara uses at a Kiosk to buy something. Her logic is that if they should happen upon each others names and numbers in future, it's obvious they should be together again. [PAR] Some years pass after they depart from each other - both have moved on and are now engaged to other people, and yet, they still have thoughts about each other. Jonathan has been endlessly searching for the book with Sara's number, and as he's soon to be wed, he decides to take one last stab at finding her before it's too late. Sara is also soon to marry, and decides to take off to New York in order to find him. [PAR] Throughout their search for each other, a huge number of coincidences weave in and out of their lives linking them unknowingly to the other, physically being blocks away and unaware the other is searching, and seredipity is working to bring them together. [PAR] A wonderful romance with some great comic moments from Molly Shannon, Eugene Levy and Jeremy Piven, and some brilliantly delivered scenes from John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale. You won't be sorry you bought this.[DOC] [TLE] Serendipity (2001) - IMDb Serendipity (2001) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] A couple reunite years after the night they first met, fell in love, and separated, convinced that one day they'd end up together. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 30 Dec 2013 [PAR] a list of 30 titles [PAR] created 02 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 03 Dec 2015 [PAR] a list of 34 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Search for \" Serendipity \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] A hopeless romantic Chicago Transit Authority token collector is mistaken for the fianc\u00e9e of a coma patient. [PAR] Director: Jon Turteltaub [PAR] Two business rivals who despise each other"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Note on Adaptations of Romeo and Juliet \ufffd\ufffd\u0011\u0871\u001a\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000\ufffd\ufffd 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Note on Adaptations of Romeo and Juliet Adaptation, whether literary or otherwise, is a basic way of addressing the world as you find it. It requires interpretation and some form of creative engagement with or disengagement from a source text, the latter being a point of departure for the adapter. Adaptation allows for a full continuum of possibility, from the most radical remaking of a text to the most conformist recreation of the same text. When an adapter begins the process of engaging with a prior text, anything is possible and that fact makes adaptation a place where different forms of artistic vision, different forms of interpretation come into being, and frequently, into conflict. In the case of Romeo and Juliet, adaptations lay bare some of the interpretive issues in the play: is it really about young lovers, or is it about the utter failure of adult society to protect them from the circumstances that lead to their deaths? Are the lovers really in love with each other or are they in love with the idea of being in love? Is the play an anti-war play? Does it over-idealize and sentimentalize young love at the expense of other forms of love? What is the nature of the relationship between Mercutio and Romeo? If Romeo rids himself so easily of his love for Rosaline, how seriously are we to take his love of Juliet? Is Tybalt a testosterone-driven sociopath or is he genuinely concerned about the threat the Montagues represent? Do the Nurse and the Friar abdicate their responsibility as adults in facilitating the lovers? These questions, and many others, show the degree to which anyone who engages with the play must think through any number of a myriad of problems to arrive at an interpretation. A huge number of adaptations of Romeo and Juliet exist, created for many media and across many genres. This note lists a sampling of these with the understanding that the listing is far from comprehensive. Versions of Romeo and Juliet exist in which the culture and setting are the key ways in which the text is adapted. So, for example, a student \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.lifebehindthewall.com/default.aspx?id=romeoandjuliet\" \u0001\u0014film version\u0015 of the play that depicts Romeo and Juliet as Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories was made, which shows the plight of Palestinians dealing with problems in their own communities. And in 1994 a joint Israeli-Palestinian production of the play was mounted. In 2000, Clare Stopford produced a version of Romeo and Juliet dealing with post-apartheid South Africa, featuring the gang-ravaged youth culture of the Cape Flats in the divided city of Cape Town. Native Voices in Los Angeles produced a Native American version of the play called Kino and Teresa in 2005. Written by James Lujan, the historical play was set in 17th century Santa Fe, seventeen years after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and revolved around the conflict between the Pueblo Indians and Spanish colonists. Romeo and Juliet has been the basis for musicals such as West Side Story and films like Moulin Rouge\ufffd\ufffdbut is also subtly present in the underlying theme of movies like Grease and the newly acclaimed High School Musical. Think of youth culture and love stories and inevitably some form of Romeo and Juliet can be made to fit. Romeo/Juliet Remixed (or R0M30/JUL137 R3M1X3D) is set"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Iron\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Iron\u00bbthe essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] [PAR] Element News [PAR] Iron: the essentials [PAR] Iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe. It is found in the sun and many types of stars in considerable quantity. Iron nuclei are very stable. Iron is a vital constituent of plant and animal life, and is the key component of haemoglobin. [PAR] The pure metal is not often encountered in commerce, but is usually alloyed with carbon or other metals. The pure metal is very reactive chemically, and rapidly corrodes, especially in moist air or at elevated temperatures. Any car owner knows this. Iron metal is a silvery, lustrous metal which has important magnetic properties. [PAR] CAS Registry ID : 7439-89-6 [PAR] Iron filings salts cause sparks in flames. The picture above shows the result from adding iron filings to a burning mixture of potassium chlorate and sucrose. Do not attempt this reaction unless are a professionally qualified chemist and you have carried out a legally satisfactory hazard assessment. [PAR] This sample is from The Elements Collection , an attractive and safely packaged collection of the 92 naturally occurring elements that is available for sale. [PAR] Iron: historical information [PAR] Iron was discovered by known since ancient times in unknown at not known. Origin of name : from the Anglo-Saxon word \"iron\" or \"iren\" (the origin of the symbol Fe comes from the Latin word \"ferrum\" meaning \"iron\"). Possibly the word iron is derived from earlier words meaning \"holy metal\" because it was used to make the swords used in the Crusades.. [PAR] Iron was known in prehistoric times. Genesis says that Tubal-Cain, seven generations from Adam, was \"an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron.\" Smelted iron artifacts have been identified from around 3000 B.C. A remarkable iron pillar, dating to about A.D. 400, remains standing today in Delhi, India. This solid pillar is wrought iron and about 7.5 m high by 40 cm in diameter. Corrosion to the pillar has been minimal despite its exposure to the weather since its erection. [PAR] Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for iron is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] [PAR] Iron around us [PAR] Read more \u00bb [PAR] Iron compounds are essential to all life. For example, it is an iron atom in haemoglobin that is responsible for carrying oxygen around the blood stream. [PAR] Iron is not found as the free metal in nature. The most common ore is haematite (iron oxide, Fe203). Iron is found in other minerals such as magnetite, which is seen as black sands along beaches. The core of the earth, more than 2000 in radius, is composed largely of iron. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TIA MARIA COFFEE LIQUEUR 750ml - The Grocery Girls TIA MARIA COFFEE LIQUEUR 750ml [PAR] TIA MARIA COFFEE LIQUEUR 750ml [PAR] TIA MARIA COFFEE LIQUEUR 750ml [PAR] 750 ml Bottle [PAR] Details [PAR] Tia Maria is a coffee liqueur made originally in Jamaica using Jamaican coffee beans. The main flavor ingredients are coffee beans, cane spirit, vanilla, and sugar, blended to an alcoholic content of 31.5% (alcoholic content as sold has been reduced to 20%). [PAR] Special Instructions [PAR] Maximum number of characters: 250 [PAR] $0.01[DOC] [TLE] Tia Maria, Coffee Liqueur (Jamaica) 53pf | Sherry-Lehmann ... Tia Maria, Coffee Liqueur (Jamaica) 53pf | Sherry-Lehmann Wine & Spirits | New York City [PAR] See More [PAR] Tia Maria, Coffee Liqueur (Jamaica) 53pf [PAR] Tia Maria is made in Jamaica using Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee beans. The main flavor ingredients are coffee beans, cane spirit, vanilla, and sugar, fermented to an alcoholic content of 26.5% (alcoholic content as sold has been reduced to 20%). It can be consumed pure and with ice, but is also frequently used as an ingredient for cocktails, with coffee, or in desserts (such as the layered liqueur-whipped-cream-and-cookie confection known as Tia Maria torte). It may also be mixed with milk and ice. [PAR] Available for shipment or delivery within New York state only. [PAR] Size:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Macular Degeneration: Save your sight - Alternative medicine Macular Degeneration: Save your sight [PAR] Home > Macular Degeneration [PAR] Macular Degeneration [PAR] Macular degeneration definition, symptoms, treatments and help. Nutrition, diet, supplements and products from alternative medicine. Info on frequency specific microcurrent FSM for eyes. HBOT (hyperbaric oxygen therapy) for AMD. More. [PAR] Definition [PAR] The macula is a small spot located on the retina that is necessary for your central vision, that is, the ability to see straight ahead. [PAR] There are two forms of the condition. About 90 percent of people with AMD have the dry form, while the remaining ten percent have the wet form. In the dry form, there is loss of pigment in the retina, and small, yellowish deposits form within the layers of the retina. These deposits result in loss of central vision, which makes it difficult to do such simple tasks as reading or driving. The dry form usually progresses slowly, causing a gradual disruption of vision. Wet macular degeneration is more aggressive, and may cause faster or even sudden loss of central vision. [PAR] Before reading any further, [PAR] see our medical disclaimer . [PAR] Although straight ahead, central vision is impaired by the disorder, patients usually retain peripheral vision, so they are not completely blind. [PAR] Note that the terms age-related macular degeneration (which is what we're discussing here), AMD, and ARMD are used interchangeably to mean the same thing here. [PAR] Causes and symptoms [PAR] Most cases happen in older people. The causes have not been nailed down yet, but it is known that the disorder is more common in whites, in women, in those who smoke or are overweight. It is suspected there may be a genetic factor, since a family history increases the risk. [PAR] Although it is often referred to as macular degeneration disease or macular degenerative disease, AMD is not a disease. [PAR] Macular Degeneration Symptoms [PAR] Lines that are straight look wavy [PAR] Objects appear different in shape or color in each of the eyes [PAR] Detecting Early AMD: The Amsler Grid Macular Degeneration Test [PAR] You can get some indication of whether you should see your doctor by using the Amsler Grid macular degeneration chart. A simple Amsler Grid explanation is that it is a printed grid, with vertical and horizontal lines and a dot in the middle. To take the Amsler Grid test, simply stare at the dot. If the lines surrounding the dot bulge or are wavy, you should see a doctor. Here's the definition of an Amsler Grid with directions for use with macular degeneration . You can find printable Amsler Grids on the Internet; for example, there's a printable Amsler Grid here . [PAR] Dry Macular Degeneration Help [PAR] Information on treatments from alternative medicine is more available for the dry form than for the wet form, which is treated mainly with surgery and drugs. [PAR] Macular degeneration aids can take the form of foods, that is nutrition or diet. There are also very promising supplements, vitamins, minerals and other products. In addition, there are treatments, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and frequency specific microcurrent stimulation, that show significant success in stopping and even reversing AMD. [PAR] Macular degeneration treatments [PAR] Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM) [PAR] Another alternative therapy is frequency specific microcurrent stimulation, or FSM, for people with macular degeneration. FSM delivers two specific frequencies simultaneously, one for the tissue involved, the other specific to the condition. [PAR] According to Robert Jay Rowen, M.D., frequency specific microcurrent for eyes was pioneered by ophthalmologist Ed Kondrot, M.D., of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Little Poland | OECD | ZoomInfo.com Little Poland | European Union | ZoomInfo.com [PAR] European Union [PAR] + Get 10 Free Contacts a Month [PAR] Please agree to the terms and conditions [PAR] I agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive. [PAR] Web References (2 Total References) [PAR] This historic city is situated on ... [PAR] polish.aviation.museum.en.wikimiki.org [cached] [PAR] This historic city is situated on the Vistula (Wisla) River at the foot of Wawel Hill in the southerly region of Little Poland (Malopolska). [PAR] ... [PAR] It was once the national capital and is considered by many to still be the heart of Poland, due to its history of more than a thousand years. [PAR] ... [PAR] Around this time, it was incorporated into the holdings of the Piast dynasty of Poland. Several brick buildings were also constructed, including a castle, Romanesque churches, a cathedral, a basilica, and the St. Felix and Adaukt Church. [PAR] ... [PAR] The year 1311 saw a rebellion against Poland's King Wladyslaw I. It was organised by W\u00f3jt Albert and involved mostly German-speaking citizens of Krak\u00f3w. [PAR] ... [PAR] Krak\u00f3w rose to new prominence in 1364, when Casimir III of Poland founded the University of Krak\u00f3w, the second in central Europe after the University of Prague. [PAR] ... [PAR] In 1520, Johan Behem made the largest churchbell in Poland, named the Sigismund Bell after king Sigismund I. At the same time Hans D\u00fcrer, younger brother of Albrecht D\u00fcrer, was Sigismund's court painter. [PAR] ... [PAR] The Congress of Vienna (1815) restored the partition of Poland, but gave Krak\u00f3w independence as the Free City of Krak\u00f3w. [PAR] ... [PAR] As this form of Austrian rule was more benevolent than that exercised by Russia and Prussia, Krak\u00f3w became a Polish national symbol and a center of culture and art, known frequently as the \"Polish Athens\" (Polskie Ateny) or \"Polish Mecca\" to which Poles would flock to revere the symbols and monuments of Krak\u00f3w's (and Poland's) great past. [PAR] ... [PAR] During the war Krak\u00f3w Legions led by Jozef Pilsudski set out to fight for the liberation of Poland, in alliance with Austrian and German troops. [PAR] ... [PAR] Poland was partitioned again in 1939, at the outset of the Second World War, and Nazi German forces entered Krak\u00f3w in September of that year. [PAR] ... [PAR] Krak\u00f3w's population has quadrupled since the end of the war, and it is still regarded as the cultural capital of Poland. [PAR] ... [PAR] Politechnika Krakowska Politechnika Krakowska Main article: Culture of Krak\u00f3w Krak\u00f3w is considered by many to be Poland's capital of culture. [PAR] ... [PAR] Some Krak\u00f3w DJs attained local fame, while club celebrities from other parts of Poland and from abroad spin occasionally in the city. [PAR] ... [PAR] The Polish state was formed over 1,000 years ago under the Piast dynasty, and reached its golden age near the end of the 16th century under the Jagiellonian dynasty, when Poland was one of the largest, wealthiest, and most powerful countries in Europe. [PAR] ... [PAR] In 1989 the first partially-free elections in Poland's post-World War II history concluded the Solidarity (Solidarnosc) movement's struggle for freedom and resulted in the defeat of Poland's communist rulers. [PAR] ... [PAR] In 1989 the first partially-free elections in Poland's post-World War"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Avarua, capital city of Cook Islands Avarua, capital city of Cook Islands [PAR] All... [PAR] Avarua, capital city of Cook Islands [PAR] The Cook Islands are a dream come true for any traveler who has fantasized about escaping from the modern world's hustle and bustle. The 15 remote islands are home to some of the world's most spectacular natural scenery, and the capital of Avarua is a great jumping off point for exploring it all. Located on Rarotonga, the largest island, Avarua is an intoxicating blend of Polynesian culture, natural wonders and a laid-back atmosphere that runs on island time. It is truly paradise, and there is no other place in the world quite like it. [PAR] Much of life in Avarua centers around the beaches, and Muri Beach is one of the best. The clear, shallow water is perfect for beginner snorkelers to explore, revealing countless coral formations and sea cucumbers just steps from the shore. If you have fins, you can easily swim out to a small island not far from the coast, but glass-bottom boats can take you there too for a barbecue lunch or sunset cultural show. [PAR] The Aroa Lagoon Marine Reserve is another excellent place for snorkeling and diving. It is the island's oldest dedicated marine reserve, and hundreds of species of tropical fish gather there to breed each year. This is a real treat for divers, who can swim with thousands of fish each time they enter the crystalline waters. Expect to see huge schools of butterfly fish, moray eels, wrasse, trevally and sea bream in addition to clams and octopi. [PAR] Avarua is also a hiker's paradise. The surrounding area teems with wildlife, and even a short trek through the jungle will reveal many waterfalls, fresh water swimming holes and small peaks. [PAR] On land, visit the Sir Geoffrey Henry National Culture Center to get a grasp of the country's history and culture. The complex is actually comprised of six different cultural treasures: the National Archives, the National Auditorium, the National Library, the National Performing Arts Center, the National Anthropology Unit and the National Museum. The National Museum's collection features traditional island handicrafts, including clothing, tools, canoes and other interesting artifacts. [PAR] The nearby Peace Garden is one of the capital's finest gems. Serene and lush, the garden is the perfect place to relax among the swaying palm trees and vibrant, sweetly-aromatic flowers that bloom year-round. [PAR] The Cook Island Christian Church is also worth a visit. The mid-19th-century white-coral building is a fine example of the islands' architectural style, and the surrounding graveyard contains a monument to Papeiha, a pioneering Polynesian missionary. The grave of the country's first prime minister, Albert Henry, is to the left of the church, marked by a life-sized bust of the leader. [PAR] There is never really a bad time to visit the islands, but the best time is during the annual Te Maeva Nui Festival. The arts and culture extravaganza takes over Avarua for one week in July, starting with a whimsical float parade and ending with an island-wide celebration. In between are drum circles on the beach, costume parties, food festivals, free performances and a celebratory vibe that permeates the city. [PAR] Avarua Geographical Location [PAR] Avarua is located in the central north of Rarotonga Island and is the largest city in the Cook Islands. [PAR] Avaruta\u2019s approximate population is 5,600. [PAR] Avarua Language [PAR] English and Maori are the official languages of the Cook Islands while there are several other languages spoken solely on individual islands. [PAR] Avarua Predominant Religion [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prie Dieu on Pinterest | Prayer, Antiques and Gothic 1000+ images about Prie Dieu on Pinterest | Prayer, Antiques and Gothic [PAR] French Louis XIII Style \"Prie-Dieu\" Prayer Desk in Oak | From a unique collection of antique and modern desks and writing tables at http://www.1stdibs.com/tables/desks-writing-tables/ [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] prie-dieu - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias prie-dieu [PAR] prie-dieu [PAR] /pree\"dyoo\"/; Fr. /prddee dyue\"/, n., pl. prie-dieus, prie-dieux /-dyooz\"/, Fr. prie-dieu . [PAR] a piece of furniture for kneeling on during prayer, having a rest above, as for a book. [PAR] [1750-60; < F: lit ., pray God] [PAR] * * * [PAR] \u25aa furniture [PAR] praying desk for one individual with a knee bench close to the floor and a vertical panel supporting an armrest, below which there is usually a shelf for prayer books and the like. The knee rest and arm support are often upholstered. [PAR] First used by the higher clergy during religious services in the early European Middle Ages, the prie-dieu became popular in the 19th century owing to the Gothic Revival and to a pietistic passion for family prayers. During this period their secular use was extended by the introduction of prie-dieu (or devotional) chairs, which followed the general shape of the purely religious version but extended the knee rest to form a low seat. [PAR] * * * [PAR] prier [PAR] Look at other dictionaries: [PAR] prie-Dieu \u2014 [ pridj\u00f8 ] n. m. inv. \u2022 1603; de prier et Dieu \u2666 Si\u00e8ge bas, au dossier termin\u00e9 en accoudoir, sur lequel on s agenouille pour prier. \u00ab Il s \u00e9chappait se prosterner sur les prie Dieu de paille \u00bb (Aragon). \u25cf prie Dieu nom masculin invariable Meuble\u2026 \u2026 Encyclop\u00e9die Universelle [PAR] prie-dieu \u2014 [pr\u0113\u2032dyo\u035eo\u0384] n. [Fr &LT; prier, to pray + Dieu, God] a narrow, upright frame with a lower ledge for kneeling on at prayer and an upper ledge, as for a book \u2026 English World dictionary [PAR] prie-dieu \u2014 (pri dieu) s. m. 1\u00b0 Sorte de pupitre qui a pour base un marchepied, o\u00f9 l on s agenouille pour prier Dieu. \u2022 Cet humble et triste asile de la p\u00e9nitence, qui ne contient qu un crucifix, une t\u00eate de mort, un prie Dieu, une chaise de bois et un\u2026 \u2026 Dictionnaire de la Langue Fran\u00e7aise d'\u00c9mile Littr\u00e9 [PAR] pri\u00e9-dieu \u2014 I. Pri\u00e9 Dieu. s. m. Sorte de pupitre sur lequel on s appuye en priant Dieu, & qui est accompagn\u00e9 d un marche pied o\u00f9 l on s ageno\u00fcille. On avoit mis un pri\u00e9 Dieu au milieu de l Eglise. le pri\u00e9 Dieu estoit couvert de velours. On appelle, Croix de\u2026 \u2026 Dictionnaire de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise [PAR] Prie-dieu \u2014 A prie dieu (French: literally, pray [to] God ) is a type of prayer desk primarily intended for private devotional use, but also often found in churches of the European continent. It is a small ornamental wooden desk furnished with a sloping\u2026 \u2026 Wikipedia [PAR] PRIE-DIEU \u2014 s. m. Sorte de pupitre au bas duquel est un marchepied, o\u00f9 l on s agenouille pour prier Dieu. On avait mis un prie Dieu au milieu de l \u00e9glise. Le prie Dieu \u00e9tait couvert d un tapis de velours. On avait pr\u00e9par\u00e9 trois prie Dieu \u2026 Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 7eme edition (1835) [PAR] prie-Dieu \u2014 Se mettre \u00e0 genoux sur un prie Dieu : dites, pri\u00e9 Dieu , s. m \u2026 Dictionnaire grammatical du mauvais langage [PAR] prie-dieu \u2014 noun /p\u0279i\u02d0\u02c8dj\u0259\u02d0/ A piece of furniture on which someone can pray, consisting of a cushioned area to kneel on, with a built in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 56 Catchy Candy Slogans and Popular Taglines ... 56 Catchy Candy Slogans and Popular Taglines | BrandonGaille.com [PAR] 56 Catchy Candy Slogans and Popular Taglines [PAR] 56 Catchy Candy Slogans and Popular Taglines [PAR] Jun 6, 2013 [PAR] A list of over 50 catchy candy slogans that sweeten these brands a little more. These popular taglines can be given credit for creating some of the most memorable advertising on television. [PAR] A lighter way to enjoy chocolate. [PAR] A Little Something For Everyone. [PAR] A Mars a day helps you work, rest and play. [PAR] A palatable confection and a most nourishing food. [PAR] And All Because The Lady Loves Milk Tray. [PAR] Are you a Cadbury\u2019s Fruit and Nut Case? [PAR] At work, rest and play, you get three great tastes in a Milky Way. [PAR] Bet You Can\u2019t Put A Fruit Pastel In Your Mouth Without Chewing It. [PAR] Blow Your Own Bubble. [PAR] Break out of the ordinary. [PAR] Ch-a-a-a-w-clit! [PAR] Cleans your teeth while it cleans your breath. [PAR] Comfort in every bar. [PAR] Don\u2019t Forget The Fruit Gums, Mum. [PAR] Don\u2019t let hunger happen to you. [PAR] Double your pleasure, double your fun. [PAR] For That Stormy Breath. [PAR] For the Kid in you. [PAR] Get some nuts! [PAR] Handles your hunger so you can handle, well\u2026anything. [PAR] Have a break, have a Kit Kat. [PAR] Have you felt the bubbles melt? [PAR] How many licks does it take to get to the center of a\u2026. [PAR] Hungry? Why wait? [PAR] If he kissed you once, will he kiss you again? [PAR] Isn\u2019t life juicy. [PAR] It\u2019s all in the mix. [PAR] It\u2019s more than a mouthful\u2026 [PAR] It\u2019s Not For Girls. [PAR] It\u2019s too good for the kids. [PAR] Life\u2019s good between Reese\u2019s Peanut Butter Cups. [PAR] Lot\u2019s of things have changed, but Hershey\u2019s goodness hasn\u2019t. [PAR] Made to make your mouth water. [PAR] Makes mouths happy. [PAR] Melts in your mouth, not in your hands. [PAR] N-E-S-T-L-E-S, Nestles makes the very best! [PAR] Nobody better lay a finger on my Butterfinger! [PAR] Only Smarties Have the Answer. [PAR] Put a Tic Tac in your mouth and get a bang out of life. [PAR] Roses Grow on You. [PAR] Say it with a KISS. [PAR] Smoking prohibited. PEZing allowed. [PAR] Sometimes you feel like a nut. Sometimes you don\u2019t. [PAR] Taste the explosion. [PAR] There\u2019s no wrong way to eat a Reese\u2019s. [PAR] To make that tough job easier you deserve. [PAR] Two for me, none for you. [PAR] Two great tastes that tastes great together. [PAR] You got chocolate in my peanut butter! [PAR] You got peanut butter in my chocolate! [PAR] Go here to see some more slogan examples and find out the perfect slogan formula for creating a catchy slogan that brings in more customers. [PAR] The infographic below looks at some of the most popular candy brands on social media. Their advertising strategy is a combination of both contented and continued engagement with consumers. [PAR] Here are the secret tactics I used to build my website traffic to over 2 million monthly visitors and grow my email list to over 100,000 subscribers:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PINEAPPLE \u2013 INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF HOSPITALITY PINEAPPLE \u2013 INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF HOSPITALITY | Foodsite Magazine [PAR] PINEAPPLE \u2013 INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF HOSPITALITY [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Marty Martindale November 23, 2012 [PAR] pi [PAR] It started in 1493. Columbus saw his first pineapple on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. In his book, Why We Eat What We Eat, Raymond Sokolov, in the chapter entitled, Columbus the Unwitting, relays the explorer\u2019s description of the pineapple. \u201c \u2026 they are like the artichoke plant, but four times as tall [which] gives the fruit the shape of a pine cone, twice as big, which fruit is excellent, and it can be cut with a knife like a turnip, and it seems to be very wholesome.\u201d From that year until plenty of refrigerated ships plied the seas, there followed a massive pineapple frenzy: [PAR] So appealing to the eye, so symetrical, so delicious, this member of the orchid family captured the imaginations of notables of both the Old and New World. Seafaring captains bore them as trophies from long journeys signifying a triumphant return home. They impaled pineapples in the front of their homes prominently symbolizing, \u201cVisitors Welcome.\u201d Soon architects worked the haunting pineapple shape into gracious entrance columns, stair-rail finials, gate posts, roof-top weather vanes and door knockers. Welcome mats and the privacy of bedrooms were also \u201cgiven\u201d locations for pineapple art. [PAR] The juicy fruit was incorporated into Southern hospitality with intricate pineapple needlework on fine linens for gracious ladies. Pineapples were indeed the gemstones on exotic groaning boards where enlightened conversations went on into the depths of night. They fetched high prices due to cost of growing and transporting. So sought after, the prickly fruits were frequently rented to hosts by the day! [PAR] This popularity of the pineapple was further reinforced when The Educational Institute of the American Hotel & Motel Association chose it for their symbol of hospitality. [PAR] Though the pineapple originated in Brazil and Paraguay prior to Columbus\u2019 introduction in the West Indies, it wasn\u2019t until 1777 that Captain Cook introduced the fruit to the Pacific islands. James Dole opened his pineapple canning facility in the 1920s. This industry was the area\u2019s largest for 40 years. Now, pineapples are imported from the Canaries and Azores, Central America, Mexico, Puerto Rico and the west coast of Africa. [PAR] Due to the enzymes they carry, pineapple makes an excellent marinade which tenderizes meats. Care must be taken to not over-marinate meat; the enzyme is so powerful it will make meat fall apart. Even pineapple workers must wear gloves to protect their hands from constant exposure. The enzyme also keeps gelatin from setting, so pineapple is not good for fruit jellies. If the pineapple is cooked, the enzyme action disappears. [PAR] Rich in vitamin C and Manganese, the pineapple is actually not oneruit, but many. The diamond-shaped segments of the skin and the eyes are actually more than a hundred individual seedless fruits. The prickly short hair-like extensions from the pineapple eyes are in fact the remains of flowers that once bloomed on the pineapple spike. [PAR] This low-calorie fruit doesn\u2019t grow on trees. It belongs to the orchid or bromeliad, family and rises from the center of the plant on a single spike encircled with swordlike leaves. It is not the only bromeliad to produce edible fruit, the feijoa is another. [PAR] To chose a good one, select one with healthy leaves on top. If it smells fragrant and sweet it will taste that way too. Pineapples will not continue to ripen after picking but will"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] serial port Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia serial port Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia [PAR] Definition of: serial port [PAR] serial port [PAR] A socket on a computer used to connect a modem, data acquisition terminal or other device via a serial interface (one data bit following the other). Serial ports provide very slow speeds and have been superseded by USB and other faster interfaces for peripheral connections to desktop computers. Although still widely used in data acquisition, the serial port is no longer found on new computers. Earlier PCs used the port for the mouse, and earlier Macintoshes used it to attach a printer. [PAR] DB (D-Sub) Connectors and COM Ports [PAR] If present, the serial port on the back of a PC is a male 9-pin connector (DE-9 D-sub connector). Earlier PCs may have had two 9-pin connectors or one 9-pin and one 25-pin (DB-25). On a PC, serial ports are called \"COM ports,\" identified as COM1, COM2, etc. See COM1 and D-sub connectors . [PAR] Serial, Parallel and Game [PAR] In earlier PCs, one or two serial ports, one parallel port and one game port were included on the motherboard. On the first PCs, these ports were contained on a stand-alone expansion card plugged into the ISA bus. Contrast with parallel port . See serial interface and RS-232 . [PAR] Faster, But Still Serial [PAR] The USB and FireWire (IEEE 1394) interfaces were added to PCs in 1998, offering a quantum jump in transfer rate, plus the ability to daisy chain large numbers of devices on the same bus. Like the legacy serial port, USB and FireWire are also serial interfaces. See USB and FireWire . [PAR] In Transition [PAR] As USB ports (left) began to proliferate, the serial and parallel ports (right) were included for a while, but eventually gave way entirely to USB.[DOC] [TLE] Difference Between Parallel Port & Serial Port | Techwalla Difference Between Parallel Port & Serial Port [PAR] Difference Between Parallel Port & Serial Port [PAR] Difference Between Parallel Port & Serial Port [PAR] September 15, 2016 [PAR] By: Lora Covrett [PAR] The main difference between a serial port and a parallel port is that a serial port transmits data one bit after another, while a parallel port transmits all 8 bits of a byte in parallel. Thus a parallel port transmits data much faster than a serial port. Computers have both serial and parallel ports along with newer technology called a USB (Universal Serial Bus) port. [PAR] Computers have a variety of input and output devices. [PAR] Pin Configuration of Ports [PAR] Serial ports typically are 9 pin or 25 pin male connectors. The parallel port is a 25 pin female connector where the printer cable connects. The ports COM1 and COM2 on your computer are serial ports and the LPT1 port is a parallel port. Each pin has a specific function such as transmit data, receive data, data terminal ready or autofeed. Serial ports also refer to any port that is RS232 (Recommended Standard 232) compliant in the telecommunications world. [PAR] Devices That Use Serial Ports [PAR] The RS232 standard is used by many different manufacturers of devices. Some common devices that use the serial port connection are flat screen monitors, GPS receivers, bar code scanners and satellite phones or modems. [PAR] Devices That Use Parallel Ports [PAR] The parallel port is virtually synonymous with being a printer port. Other devices that communicate with a parallel port are zip drives, scanners, joysticks, external hard drives and webcams. Today, the parallel port has been replaced by the new USB"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Painted Desert | desert, Arizona, United States Painted Desert | desert, Arizona, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] Painted Desert [PAR] Atacama Desert [PAR] Painted Desert, section of the high plateau in north-central and northeast-central Arizona , U.S. The Painted Desert extends from the Grand Canyon in a southeasterly direction along the north side of the Little Colorado River to Holbrook. It is approximately 150 miles (240 km) long and 15 to 50 miles (25 to 80 km) wide and covers an area of some 7,500 square miles (19,400 square km). [PAR] Painted Desert, north-central Arizona. [PAR] Jon Sullivan [PAR] The name was first used in 1858 by a government explorer, Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives, to describe the area\u2019s brilliantly coloured shales, marls, and sandstones, which are banded with vivid red, yellow, blue, white, and lavender. At times the air glows with a pink mist or purple haze of desert dust. Elevations range from about 4,500 to 6,500 feet (1,370 to 1,980 metres). The rolling surface is broken by isolated buttes and is bounded on the north by vermilion cliffs, rising to broad, flat-topped mesas. Marks of volcanic activity are abundant and widely scattered. The region is barren and arid, with 5 to 9 inches (127 to 229 mm) of annual precipitation and yearly temperature extremes of \u221225 to 105 \u00b0F (\u221231 to 41 \u00b0C). [PAR] Painted Desert, Arizona, U.S. [PAR] David Muench/EB Inc. [PAR] Part of the southeastern section of the desert is within the northern portion of Petrified Forest National Park . Notable there is the Black Forest Bed, one of four remarkable areas of petrified trees of Triassic age (i.e., dating from about 252 million to 201 million years ago). The rocks in that formation are some 213 million years old. Navajo and Hopi reservations occupy a large part of the Painted Desert, and the Navajo use the variegated brightly coloured sands for their famous ceremonial sand paintings . [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 8 Mile Official Trailer #1 - (2002) HD - YouTube 8 Mile Official Trailer #1 - (2002) HD - YouTube [PAR] 8 Mile Official Trailer #1 - (2002) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 2, 2011 [PAR] 8 Mile movie clips: http://j.mp/1CM8Nah [PAR] BUY THE MOVIE: http://amzn.to/rShjp3 [PAR] Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr [PAR] CLIP DESCRIPTION: [PAR] A young rapper (Eminem) struggles to seize an opportunity within his bleak life but his problems threaten to weigh him down. [PAR] FILM DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Controversial rap star Eminem makes his acting debut in this hard-edged urban drama, inspired in part by incidents from the musician's own life. Jimmy Smith (Eminem), known to his friends as Rabbit, is a young man trying to make his way out of the burned-out shell of inner-city Detroit. Rabbit's entire life has been a hard climb, and it certainly hasn't gotten any easier lately; Rabbit has just been dumped by his girlfriend, forcing him to move back in with his emotionally unstable mother, Stephanie (Kim Basinger), and he's getting along especially poorly with Stephanie's new boyfriend. Rabbit has a factory job that's tough, demeaning, and doesn't pay especially well, and he's convinced his skills as a rapper are his only real hope at a better life. Rabbit makes music with a crew of DJ's and MC's who call themselves Three One Third, among them his close friend Future (Mekhi Phifer), but his status as a white kid making music in a predominantly African-American community and culture is extremely intimidating, and after Rabbit freezes up in the midst of an MC battle, he's convinced he's missed his chance and that he's doomed to lead a marginal life as a factory rat for the rest of his days. With the help of his friends, and his new girlfriend Alex (Brittany Murphy), Rabbit struggles to work up the courage and the confidence to take one more shot at making his dream a reality. 8 Mile was shot on location in Detroit; the name refers to 8 Mile Road, a thoroughfare along the city's perimeter which effectively separates the middle-class suburban neighborhoods from the lower-class inner-city. [PAR] CREDITS: [PAR] Cast: Eminem, Mekhi Phifer, Kim Basinger, Brittany Murphy [PAR] Director: Curtis Hanson [PAR] Producers: Carol Fenelon, Gregory Goodman, Brian Grazer, Curtis Hanson, Jimmy Iovine, Stuart Parr, Paul Rosenberg, James Whitaker [PAR] Screenwriter: Scott Silver [PAR] WHO ARE WE? [PAR] The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. Here you will find unforgettable moments, scenes and lines from all your favorite films. Made by movie fans, for movie fans. [PAR] SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MOVIE CHANNELS:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Kilmarnock manager Kenny Shiels hopes for ... - BBC Sport Kilmarnock manager Kenny Shiels hopes for quick deal - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] Kilmarnock manager Kenny Shiels hopes for quick deal [PAR] 11 May 2012 [PAR] Kilmarnock manager Kenny Shiels hopes to conclude talks over a new deal soon after the final match of the season. [PAR] The Scottish League Cup winners end their league campaign at Dunfermline's East End Park on Saturday. [PAR] \"It needs to be wrapped up in a manner which is in the best interests of the club,\" said Shiels, who became permanent manager last summer. [PAR] I want to put the team first and see where it takes us [PAR] Kenny Shiels [PAR] Kilmarnock [PAR] \"The best interests of the club is to have me as the manager, I feel. That's what everyone else thinks as well.\" [PAR] Shiels originally stepped up from his position as assistant boss to succeed Mixu Paatelainen as manager on a caretaker basis in March 2011. [PAR] \"This time last season I was in the same situation where I didn't know if I was going to be the manager or not,\" added Shiels. \"It's the same scenario. [PAR] \"There's nothing there at the minute for me, so tomorrow could be my last day. You never know. [PAR] \"I want to have optimism about the place. It's very important to me that I'm still part of Kilmarnock after Saturday. I want to be. [PAR] \"I want to put the team first and see where it takes us.\" [PAR] Share this page"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Line 12 of the Paris Metro | Public Transit As Told By ... Line 12 of the Paris Metro | The Global Transit Guidebook by HARTride 2012 [PAR] The Global Transit Guidebook by HARTride 2012 [PAR] hartride2012tampa 1 Comment [PAR] Greetings everyone! As promised, I will be discussing Line 12 of the Paris Metro in this post. Line 12 is one of several vital north-south subway routes that traverse the wonderful city of Paris. [PAR] Line 12 starts in the southwestern suburbs of Issy, traveling northeastward through the neighborhood of St. Lambert, and making a brief southeast curve towards the rail station of Gare Montparnasse. After servicing Gare Montparnasse, the line curves northwestward along Boulevard Raspail towards the Seine. Before arriving at the Seine, Line 12 takes a curve towards the north, where it eventually reaches Gare St. Lazare (another major rail station of Paris). Between Gare St. Lazare and Abbesses stations, the line twists and turns several times, making the journey rather unpleasant at times (however, most commuters don\u2019t seem to notice). Beyond Abbesses station are the northern suburbs of Clignancourt and La Chapelle, by which the station of Porte de la Chapelle served as the line\u2019s northern terminus for nearly a century. A new northern terminus at the southern fringe of Aubervilliers opened on December 18, 2012. [PAR] Method of construction: [PAR] Some of you will probably be able to tell just by the description in the last paragraph that Line 12 is a very curvy line. In fact, there are only a handful of straight segments along the route, since construction of the line was done using the \u201ccut and cover\u201d method, by which the street is dug out to make way for the subway tunnel, and then covered over when the tunnel is complete. This method is used frequently with subway construction and is a money saver over methods that have the subway tunnels built at a much lower depth. However, this method often leaves subway lines to be quite close to the surface and isn\u2019t practical in environments where you have a lot of buildings in the area [1]. [PAR] To see just how curvy Line 12 is, I\u2019ve created a Google Map that depicts where the route travels. [PAR] A brief history: [PAR] Line 12 opened in 1910 as the Line A of the Nord-Sud Company, which was a private subway company. The Nord-Sud at the time was competing with the CMP (which stands for Compagnie du chemin de fer m\u00e9tropolitain de Paris), which was another private subway company. As the name would imply, the Nord-Sud had constructed subway lines that ran on a north-south axis, rather than the east-west axis of the various CMP lines. However, Nord-Sud only constructed two lines, with a third still under construction when the company was absorbed by the CMP during the 1930s. In 1948, the CMP in-turn, was absorbed by the the state-operated organization that is now known as the RATP (which stands for R\u00e9gie Autonome des Transports Parisiens). [PAR] The three Nord-Sud lines were originally known as Lines A, B, and C, while the CMP utilized a numbering convention for their lines. The first segment of Line A opened in 1910 between Porte de Versailles and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. The line was then gradually extended northward to Jules Joffrin and southward to Mairie d\u2019Issy. In 1916, the northern terminus at Porte de la Chapelle had opened. From that point until 2012, the configuration of Line A remained relatively unchanged. When Nord-Sud was absorbed by the CMP in the 1930s, the lines were re-numbered as 12, 13,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Books Rejected Multiple Times - dailywritingtips.com Famous Books Rejected Multiple Times [PAR] Famous Books Rejected Multiple Times [PAR] By Maeve Maddox [PAR] Commenting on That First Page , a reader remarks: [PAR] Then there is the story of Orwell\u2019s novel being rejected by American publishers because \u201cAmerican readers don\u2019t like animal stories!\u201d [PAR] Publishers and agents alike have turned down books that finally made it into print and immortality. [PAR] Two books devoted to the subject give details of now embarrassing reasons given for turning down writers who have become household names: [PAR] Pushcart\u2019s Complete Rotten Reviews (1998), Edited by Bill Henderson and Andre Bernard. (\u201cYou\u2019re welcome to Le Carr\u00e9; he hasn\u2019t got any future.\u201d) [PAR] Rejections of the Written Famous (2003) by Joyce Spizer (\u201cTony Hillerman\u2019s agent told him, \u2018Get rid of the Indian stuff'\u201d) [PAR] Here, with the number of times the book was turned down, are some examples to give you courage next time you receive a rejection letter. (Note: the figures are taken from websites and not directly from the books.) [PAR] Auntie Mame, Patrick Dennis (15) [PAR] Carrie, Stephen Kng (30) [PAR] Chicken Soup for the Soul, Jack Canfeld and Mark Victor Hansen (140) [PAR] Diary of Anne Frank (16) [PAR] Dr. Seuss books (15) [PAR] Gone with the Wind, Margaret Mitchell (38) [PAR] Harry Potter book one, J. K. Rowling (9) [PAR] Jonathan Livingston Seagull, Richard Bach (18) [PAR] Kon-Tiki, Thor Heyerdahl (20) [PAR] M*A*S*H, Richard Hooker (17) [PAR] The Peter Principle, Laurence Peter (16) [PAR] The Prncess Diaries, Meg Cabot (17) [PAR] Watership Down, Richard Adams (26) [PAR] A Wrinkle in Time, Madeleine L\u2019Engle, (26) [PAR] Subscribe to Receive our Articles and Exercises via Email [PAR] You will improve your English in only 5 minutes per day, guaranteed! [PAR] Subscribers get access to our exercise archives, writing courses, writing jobs and much more! [PAR] You'll also get three bonus ebooks completely free! [PAR] 12 Responses to \u201cFamous Books Rejected Multiple Times\u201d [PAR] Eric H. Roth [PAR] on December 30, 2008 5:54 pm [PAR] As a university writing instructor, I often mention this litany of missed great books by publishers and expert editors. [PAR] The book that I usually mention first, however, is not on your fine list: Catch-22 by Joseph Heller. Originally, it was titled Catch-18 but he increased the number with each rejection letter from leading publishers. Of course, Heller had the last laugh as his comic masterpiece become an international bestseller and became a cultural reference point in 1960s. The Oxford English Dictionary even includes the phrase today and a Hollywood film was based on the book. [PAR] Thanks for the article and gentle reminder that tastes differ and experts do not always know best! [PAR] Bean [PAR] on January 02, 2009 6:08 am [PAR] You say that Americans don\u2019t like animal books. I won\u2019t read anything human, or atleast imagine them as humans, because I like animal stories ONLY. Also, can you all say how many times Redwall was turned down? [PAR] Stephen Thorn [PAR] on October 22, 2009 5:08 pm [PAR] In fact, \u201cCarrie\u201d had been dumped in the garbage. Stephen King was disgusted with it (presumably after all the rejections) and had tossed it in the rubbish. His wife, Tabitha, saw the manuscript and rescued it; she read it and convinced him to keep trying. That was the start of King\u2019s career (and lots of sleepless nights for many fortunate readers). [PAR] John Gil [PAR] on November 09, 2009 9:23 am [PAR] I am an architect and a writer and wish to add to your"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bible Fun For Kids: Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane Bible Fun For Kids: Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane [PAR] Saturday, November 1, 2014 [PAR] Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane [PAR] This week is Jesus in the garden. I hand out the Malchus mask and the kids loved it when they saw the ear was removable! While I taught the lesson, I had a plastic ear in my pocket and when I came to the Malchus part, I used my sword and cut of my right ear! Oh, they love that! You can see the ears here . There is a praying hands printable.There are a lot of different things to learn about prayer, but for this lesson, I decided to discuss what to pray for and how to pray. I used it as a conversation starter to discuss prayer and this can be used for several different lessons. [PAR] [PAR] Last week we learned about Jesus entering into Jerusalem. The Disciples had found the donkey that wasn't ridden before. Jesus rode on the donkey and the people had cut down palm trees and laid them on the ground. The people had thrown their coats on the ground too! (Mt. 21:8) The crowd shouted Hosanna! They were praising Jesus as the Savior! [PAR] We also talked about the Lord's supper. In the evening, Jesus gathered His Disciples in the upper room. Jesus took the bread, prayed and tore it. They all ate some, then Jesus did the same with the cup. They sang a hymn, and then they left the upper room and went to the mount of Olives. You can find today's lesson in Matthew 26:30-56; Mark 14:32-52; Luke 22:39-52; John 18:1-12 [PAR] Jesus told His Disciples that two days after the Passover, He would be crucified. Some of the Chief Priests and Scribes were discussing how to get Jesus killed, but they wanted to wait until after the Passover. One of the 12 Disciples named Judas Iscariot met with the Chief Priests and agreed to deliver Jesus to them for 30 pieces of silver. [PAR] Remember it was at night. When they had finished in the upper room, they went to a place called the Garden of Gethsemane and Jesus asked His Disciples to wait while He went to pray. [PAR] Jesus told the Disciples (not Judas) to \"Stay here while I go over there and pray. Jesus took Peter, James and John with Him. Jesus was very sad and upset. Jesus told Peter, James and John to stay and keep watch for Him. Jesus walked a little further away and with His face bowed, He prayed to God. Jesus asked God if it is possible, for him to not have to go through what is coming. But, Jesus would do what God wanted. Jesus was so upset, an angel came to give Him strength. (Luke 22:43) [PAR] When Jesus want back to the Disciples, Jesus saw them asleep! Jesus asked Peter \"Couldn't you keep watch just for one hour?\" Jesus told Peter to watch and pray. Jesus went to pray again. He asked God again to \"Let this pass. But, Your will be done.\" Jesus went back to the Disciples and they were sleeping again! Jesus left and went back and prayed asking God for the same thing. [PAR] Jesus went back to the Disciples and they were sleeping again! Jesus left and went back the third time and prayed asking God for the same thing. (Mt. 26:44) [PAR] While Jesus was praying, Judas came with a detachment of soldiers (Usually 600 soldiers)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Biped - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Mozarteum Biped - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! [PAR] Biped [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Bipedalism is standing , or moving for example by walking , running , or hopping , on two appendages (typically legs ). An animal or machine that usually moves in a bipedal manner is known as a biped (/'bi.p\u025bd/), meaning \"two feet\" ( Latin bi = two + ped = foot). [PAR] An ostrich , one of the fastest of living bipeds [PAR] A Man Running - Edward Muybridge [PAR] Contents [PAR] Types of bipedal movement [PAR] There are a number of states of movement commonly associated with bipedalism. [PAR] 1. Standing . Staying still on both legs. In most bipeds this is an active process, requiring constant adjustment of balance. [PAR] 2. Walking . One foot in front of another, with at least one foot on the ground at any time. [PAR] 3. Running . One foot in front of another, with periods where both feet are off the ground. [PAR] 4. Hopping . Moving by a series of jumps with both feet moving together. [PAR] [ edit ] [PAR] Bipedal animals [PAR] Bipedal movement has evolved a number of times other than in humans , mostly among the vertebrates . The most obvious example of bipedal movement is among the birds and their ancestors the theropod dinosaurs. All dinosaurs are believed to be descended from a fully bipedal ancestor, perhaps similar to Eoraptor . Indeed, their descendants, the larger flightless birds, the ratites , such as the ostrich , perhaps epitomise the capacity to move bipedally, able to reach speeds of up to 65 km/h. Likewise many theropod dinosaurs, especially the maniraptors , are believed to have been able to move at similar speeds. Bipedal movement also re-evolved in a number of other dinosaur lineages such as the iguanodons . Bipealism has also evolved in the crocodilian line, a sister group to the dinosaurs and birds - a crocodile relative from the triassic , Effigia okeeffeae , was believed to be bipedal [1] . Penguins are interesting birds with regard to bipedality as they tend to hold their bodies upright, rather than horizontal as in other birds. [PAR] Bipedal movement is less common among mammals , most being quadrupedal . The largest mammalian group using bipedal movement are the kangaroos and their relatives. However these tend to move mostly by hopping, which is quite different from humans, and also from birds and theropods. There are also various groups of hopping rodents, such as the kangaroo rats . A primate, the sifaka , also moves by hopping when on the ground. Possibly the only mammal other than humans that commonly moves bipedally by an alternating gait rather than hopping is the giant pangolin . [PAR] Limited examples of bipedalism are found in some other mammals. One exception is found among some primates who live in forests that are often flooded, the bonobo ape and proboscis monkey . These primates will wade through water in a bipedal stance. On occasion bonobos and proboscis monkeys, and less frequently some other primates, will also walk or stand bipedely on land. A number of animals, such as rats , will squat on their hindlegs in order to manipulates food objects. The raccoon often stands erect or squats in water to use its hands to manipulate food and rocks/sticks. Beavers will also move bipedally at times when carrying branches. Some animals, such as the bear , may raise up and move bipedally"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Egg Swivel Chair, Egg Swivel Chair Suppliers and ... Egg Swivel Chair, Egg Swivel Chair Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com [PAR] egg swivel chair [PAR] US $368.0-388.0 / Unit | Buy Now [PAR] 1 Unit (Min. Order) [PAR] US $248.2-248.2 / Piece | Buy Now [PAR] 5 Pieces (Min. Order) [PAR] Prev 1 2 3 4 5 ... 124 Next [PAR] Related Searches: [PAR] Buying Request Hub [PAR] Haven't found the right supplier yet ? Let matching verified suppliers find you. Get Quotation NowFREE [PAR] Do you want to show egg swivel chair or other products of your own company? Display your Products FREE now! [PAR] Related Category[DOC] [TLE] Ball Chair : Classic Modern Furniture from Iconic Interiors Ball Chair : Classic Modern Furniture from Iconic Interiors [PAR] Read the full profile [PAR] The Full Story [PAR] The oh-so-modern, futuristic Ball Chair, also known as the Globe Chair, is unlike any seat ever created before. For starters, it\u2019s completely round, save the single pedestal leg it stands and rotates on and the area cut out to accommodate the person sitting in it. When that person sits down, he or she is completely surrounded by the chair, which acts as a sort of \u201croom within a room\u201d, isolating them from the noises and distractions of the outside world. Aarnio even placed a telephone inside his original ball chair, should the sitter care to make a call. [PAR] Aarnio\u2019s inspiration for his amazing chair was simple enough. The Finnish designer had a new house, but no \u201cproper big chair\u201d to put in it. So like any good furniture maker, he set out to create his perfect chair himself. Once he decided on the round ball shape, he built his masterpiece by hand, constructing an inside mould out of plywood, forming the ball shape by covering it with wet paper and laminating the surface with fiberglass. He then removed the mould, upholstered the chair and added a pedestal leg \u2013 and the red telephone on the inside wall. The result was one of the most remarkable chairs of the 20th century. [PAR] The original Ball Chair still stands in Eero Aarnio\u2019s house. But thankfully, it was discovered by two representatives of the Asko furniture company, who opted to produce and sell the piece on a limited scale. Now you can have your own Ball Chair in your house \u2013 and turn your place into the grooviest pad on the block. [PAR] You May Also Like"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nelson Mandela Fast Facts - CNN.com Nelson Mandela Fast Facts - CNN.com [PAR] Nelson Mandela Fast Facts [PAR] CNN Library [PAR] Updated 8:13 PM ET, Tue September 22, 2015 [PAR] Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Nelson Mandela, the prisoner-turned-president who reconciled South Africa after the end of apartheid, died on December 5, 2013. He was 95. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 1 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Mandela became president of the African National Congress Youth League in 1951. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Mandela poses for a photo, circa 1950. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Mandela poses in boxing gloves in 1952. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 4 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Mandela in the office of Mandela & Tambo, a law practice set up in Johannesburg by Mandela and Oliver Tambo to provide free or affordable legal representation to black South Africans. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 5 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 From left: Patrick Molaoa, Robert Resha and Mandela walk to the courtroom for their treason trial in Johannesburg. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 6 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Mandela married his second wife, social worker Winnie Madikizela, in 1958. At the time, he was an active member of the African National Congress and had begun his lifelong commitment to ending segregation in South Africa. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 7 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Nelson and Winnie Mandela raise their fists to salute a cheering crowd upon his 1990 release from Victor Verster Prison. He was still as upright and proud, he would say, as the day he walked into prison 27 years before. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 8 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 A jubilant South African holds up a newspaper announcing Mandela's release from prison at an ANC rally in Soweto on February 11, 1990. Two days later, more than 100,000 people attended a rally celebrating his release from jail. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 9 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Mandela and Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda arrive at an ANC rally on March 3, 1990, in Lusaka, Zambia. Mandela was elected president of the ANC the next year. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 10 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 After his release in 1990, Mandela embarked on a world tour, meeting U.S. President George H.W. Bush at the White House in June. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 11 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 At his Soweto home on July 18, 1990, Mandela blows out the candles on his 72nd birthday cake. It was the first birthday he celebrated as a free man since the 1960s. [PAR] Hide Caption [PAR] 12 of 31 [PAR] Photos: The evolution of Nelson Mandela [PAR] The evolution of Nelson Mandela \u2013 Mandela"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Starsky & Hutch (2004) - IMDb Starsky & Hutch (2004) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Two streetwise cops bust criminals in their red-and-white Ford Torino with the help of police snitch called Huggy Bear. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 07 Oct 2013 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 02 Nov 2013 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 11 Aug 2014 [PAR] a list of 38 titles [PAR] created 05 Feb 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Starsky & Hutch \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 3 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] At the end of his career, a clueless fashion model is brainwashed to kill the Prime Minister of Malaysia. [PAR] Director: Ben Stiller [PAR] A group of misfits enter a Las Vegas dodgeball tournament in order to save their cherished local gym from the onslaught of a corporate health fitness chain. [PAR] Director: Rawson Marshall Thurber [PAR] Three friends attempt to recapture their glory days by opening up a fraternity near their alma mater. [PAR] Director: Todd Phillips [PAR] John Beckwith and Jeremy Grey, a pair of committed womanizers who sneak into weddings to take advantage of the romantic tinge in the air, find themselves at odds with one another when John meets and falls for Claire Cleary. [PAR] Director: David Dobkin [PAR] In 2002, two rival Olympic ice skaters were stripped of their gold medals and permanently banned from men's single competition. Presently, however, they've found a loophole that will allow them to qualify as a pairs team. [PAR] Directors: Josh Gordon, Will Speck [PAR] Stars: Will Ferrell, Jon Heder, Amy Poehler [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6/10 X [PAR] #1 NASCAR driver Ricky Bobby stays atop the heap thanks to a pact with his best friend and teammate, Cal Naughton, Jr. But when a French Formula One driver, makes his way up the ladder, Ricky Bobby's talent and devotion are put to the test. [PAR] Director: Adam McKay [PAR] Jackie Moon, the owner-coach-player of the American Basketball Association's Flint Michigan Tropics, rallies his teammates to make their NBA dreams come true [PAR] Director: Kent Alterman [PAR] Two mismatched New York City detectives seize an opportunity to step up like the city's top cops whom they idolize -- only things don't quite go as planned. [PAR] Director: Adam McKay [PAR] Male nurse Greg Focker meets his girlfriend's parents before proposing, but her suspicious father is every date's worst nightmare. [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] All hell breaks loose when the Byrnes family meets the Focker family for the first time. [PAR] Director: Jay Roach [PAR] Ron Burgundy is San Diego's top-rated newsman in the male-dominated broadcasting of the 1970s, but that's all about to change for Ron and his cronies when an ambitious woman is hired as a new anchor. [PAR] Director: Adam McKay [PAR] A buttoned up newlywed finds his too organized life falling into chaos when he falls in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Columbus Day in the United States - timeanddate.com Columbus Day in the United States [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays the United States Columbus Day [PAR] Columbus Day in the United States [PAR] Columbus Day, which is on the second Monday of October, remembers Christopher Columbus' arrival to the Americas on October 12, 1492. This holiday is controversial because the European settlement in the Americas led to the demise of the history and culture of the indigenous peoples. [PAR] Statue of Christopher Columbus [PAR] The Christopher Columbus monument in Barcelona, Spain. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/Lya_Cattel [PAR] Observe Columbus Day [PAR] Some Americans celebrate the anniversary of the discovery of their country with church services and other activities. In some towns and cities, special church services, parades and large events are held. Many celebrations happen in the Italian-American community. The celebrations in New York and San Francisco are particularly noteworthy. In Hawaii Columbus Day is celebrated as Discoverers' Day, but it is not a state holiday. [PAR] Many states now celebrate Native Americans' Day/Indigenous People's Day instead of Columbus Day. [PAR] What\u2019s Open or Closed? [PAR] Columbus day is a public holiday in many parts of the United states, but is not a day off in some states. Some government offices are closed because Columbus Day is still a federal government holiday. The day is a legal observance in states like Florida. [PAR] Many businesses and shops are open in states that don't have Columbus Day as a public holiday. Schools are not required to close but check with your school district or school calendar on Columbus Day school holiday closures. The same goes for post offices - check with your local post office. [PAR] About Columbus Day [PAR] Christopher Columbus is often portrayed as the first European to sail to the Americas. He is sometimes portrayed as the discoverer of the New World. However, this is controversial on many counts. There is evidence that the first Europeans to sail across the Atlantic were Viking explorers from Scandinavia. In addition, the land was already populated by indigenous peoples, who had 'discovered' the Americas thousands of years before. [PAR] Columbus Day originated as a celebration of Italian-American heritage and was first held in San Francisco in 1869. The first state-wide celebration was held in Colorado in 1907. In 1937, Columbus Day become a holiday across the United States. Since 1971, it has been celebrated on the second Monday in October. The date on which Columbus arrived in the Americas is also celebrated as the D\u00c3\u00ada de la Raza (Day of the Race) in Latin America and some Latino communities in the USA. However, it is a controversial holiday in some countries and has been re-named in others. [PAR] Columbus Day celebrations are controversial because the settlement of Europeans in the Americas led to the deaths of a very large proportion of the native people. It has been argued that this was a direct result of Columbus' actions. It is clear that the arrival of the European settlers led to the demise of a large proportion of the history and culture of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. It has also been argued that Columbus should not be honored for discovering North America, as he only went as far as some islands in the Caribbean and never got as far as mainland America. [PAR] Note: timeanddate.com states the facts and issues associated with this observance but does not disclose its opinion on the matter. [PAR] Columbus Day Observances[DOC] [TLE] Columbus Day - Exploration - HISTORY.com Columbus Day - Exploration - HISTORY.com [PAR] Columbus Day [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Google Map of Mombasa, Kenya - Nations Online Project Google Map of Mombasa, Kenya - Nations Online Project [PAR] About Mombasa [PAR] Satellite view is showing Mombasa, second largest city and chief port of [PAR] Kenya . The city is located on Mombasa island at a bay of the Indian Ocean on the southern tip of the country, about 480 km (300 mi) south east of Nairobi , Kenya's capital. [PAR] Moi Avenue in Mombasa with the Mombasa \"Tusks\" portal, the memorial was built to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth to Mombasa in 1952. [PAR] Image: Collins432 [PAR] History (short version) [PAR] Before Mombasa became an Arab trading center in the 8th century until the 18th century, the area was originally inhabited by the African Bantu people. The Portuguese (namely Vasco da Gama), became the first known Europeans to visit the port of Mombasa in 1498, but were met with hostility and soon departed. [PAR] The Portuguese eventually controlled the city from 1529 to 1698, when a three-year siege of Fort Jesus by Arabs ended with their expulsion. In the 18th century Mombasa was again briefly held by the Portuguese but then became subject to Oman , whose local representative eventually became the independent ruler of Zanzibar . In 1887 it passed to the British and became capital of the British East Africa Protectorate of Kenya until 1907. [PAR] Today Mombasa has a population of about 900,000 inhabitants. Spoken languages are Swahili and English. [PAR] Main attractions in Mombasa are Fort Jesus, the Portuguese fort built in the end of the 17th century, Mombasa Marine Park, a national reserve established in 1986 to protect the biodiversity and the general environment of the area. Shimba Hills National Reserve is near the city, the area of coastal rainforest, woodland and grassland offers the highest density of African elephant in Kenya. [PAR] Just zoom in (+) to see the remains of Fort Jesus, built by the Portuguese in 1593-1596 to protect the port of Mombasa, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site [PAR] . [PAR] The map shows a city map of Mombasa with expressways, main roads and streets, and the location of Moi International Airport ( IATA code : MBA). [PAR] To find a location use the form below. [PAR] [PAR] To find a location type: street or place, city, optional: state, country. [PAR] Local Time Kenya: [PAR] Time zone: Eastern Africa Time (EAT) :: UTC/GMT +3 hours [PAR] \u03c6 Latitude, \u03bb Longitude (of Map center; move the map to see coordinates): [PAR] , [PAR] Google Earth: Searchable Map and Satellite view of Mombasa, Kenya. [PAR] City Coordinates: 4\u00b03\u2032 S, 39\u00b040\u2032 E"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Richard M. Nixon - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Richard M. Nixon - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Richard M. Nixon [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Richard Nixon (1913-94), the 37th U.S. president, is best remembered as the only president ever to resign from office. Nixon stepped down in 1974, halfway through his second term, rather than face impeachment over his efforts to cover up illegal activities by members of his administration in the Watergate scandal. A former Republican congressman and U.S. senator from California, he served two terms as vice president under Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) in the 1950s. In 1960, Nixon lost his bid for the presidency in a close race with Democrat John F. Kennedy (1917-63). He ran for the White House again in 1968 and won. As president, Nixon\u2019s achievements included forging diplomatic ties with China and the Soviet Union, and withdrawing U.S. troops from an unpopular war in Vietnam. However, Nixon\u2019s involvement in Watergate tarnished his legacy and deepened American cynicism about government. [PAR] Google [PAR] Education and Early Political Career [PAR] Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California . He was the second of five sons of Francis Anthony Nixon (1878-1956), who struggled to earn a living running a grocery store and gas station, and his wife, Hannah Milhous Nixon (1885-1967). .Nixon absorbed his parents\u2019 discontent with their working-class circumstances and developed a strong sense of ambition.. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] While serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II, Richard Nixon won large amounts of money playing poker. He used these winnings to help fund his first political campaign in 1946. [PAR] He attended Whittier College, where he excelled as a debater and was elected president of the student body before graduating in 1934. Three years later, he earned a law degree from Duke University, where he was head of the student bar association and graduated near the top of his class. After Duke, he returned to Whittier, California, and began working as an attorney. In 1940, Nixon married Thelma Catherine \u201cPat\u201d Ryan (1912-93), whom he met while participating in a local theater group. The couple had two daughters, Patricia (1946-) and Julie (1948-). When America entered World War II (1939-45), Nixon joined the U.S. Navy and served as an operations officer in the Pacific. [PAR] Following the war, Nixon launched his political career in 1946 when he defeated a five-term Democratic incumbent to represent his California district in the U.S. House of Representatives. As a congressman, Nixon served on the House Un-American Activities Committee and rose to national prominence by leading a controversial investigation of Alger Hiss (1904-1996), a well-regarded former State Department official who was accused of spying for the Soviet Union in the late 1930s. [PAR] Nixon was re-elected to Congress in 1948 and two years later, in 1950, won a seat in the U.S. Senate. [PAR] An Unsuccessful Bid for the Presidency [PAR] Although Nixon\u2019s attacks on alleged Communists and political opponents alarmed some people, they increased his popularity among conservative Republicans. In 1952, General Dwight Eisenhower selected the 39-year-old first-term senator to be his vice presidential running mate. A few months after accepting the nomination, Nixon became the target of a negative campaign that raised questions about money and gifts he allegedly received from industry lobbyists. Nixon answered these charges in his famous \u201cCheckers\u201d speech, claiming that the only gift he ever accepted was a puppy named Checkers for his young daughter. The speech proved effective and preserved Nixon\u2019s spot on the ticket. [PAR] Eisenhower and Nixon won the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Tudors - Monarchs | HistoryOnTheNet The Tudors - Monarchs | HistoryOnTheNet [PAR] The Tudors [PAR] The Tudors - Monarchs [PAR] Last Updated: 08/04/2014 - 09:09 [PAR] The Tudors reigned from 1485 until 1603. There were 5 crowned monarchs and Lady Jane Grey reigned as Queen for just 9 days. The Tudor kings and queens were very powerful and they are noted for the numbers of people executed during the period. [PAR] Henry VII came to the throne after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. He was a serious man and faced many challenges to his place on the throne, the most notable being from Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck. He married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV uniting the houses of Lancaster and York and ending the Wars of the Roses. Henry successfully established the Tudor dynasty and when he died in 1509, his son's succession was not challenged and England was a rich and prosperous country. [PAR] Henry VIII is the best known of the Tudor Monarchs, he was the second son of Henry VII and became King because his brother, Arthur had died. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon when he became King, but divorced her when she did not produce a male heir to the throne. In order to gain his divorce, Henry had to establish the Church of England and end Catholicism. Henry went on to marry another five wives - Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Katherine Howard and Katherine Parr. Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard were executed for treason. He died in 1547. [PAR] Edward VI came to the throne at the age of 9 years. He was a sickly child and the country was run by his protectors: firstly, the Duke of Somerset, his mother's brother, then by the Duke of Northumberland. Edward died at the age of 15 in 1553. [PAR] Lady Jane Grey was chosen to be Queen by the Duke of Northumberland in an attempt to keep England a Protestant country. Next in the line of succession was Henry VIII's eldest daughter, Mary. Mary was a Catholic and had sworn to return England to Catholicism. The public did not approve of Jane's succession and supported Mary's claim to the throne. Queen Jane reigned for just 9 days before Mary successfully took the throne. Jane and her husband, Guildford Dudley, son of the Duke of Northumberland, were beheaded. [PAR] Mary I was the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon and was a committed Catholic . When she came to the throne she vowed to return England to Rome and Catholicism. She is known as Bloody Mary because of the numbers of people who were executed for being Protestants. She made herself even more unpopular by marrying Philip of Spain and losing Calais, England's last possession in France. Mary died in 1558, probably of cancer of the womb. [PAR] Elizabeth I became Queen after her sister Mary I died without an heir. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She upheld Protestantism in England and her will was the law. She did not marry and was known as the Virgin Queen. During Elizabeth's reign the age of exploration began with explorers such as Francis Drake claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods. The American State , Virginia, is named after her. When Elizabeth died in 1603 the Tudor line ended. [PAR] Quiz:[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth I: Facts About the Last Tudor Monarch ... Queen Elizabeth I: Facts About the Last Tudor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Victoria Cross Royal Navy WW1 British Medal with Blue ... Victoria Cross Royal Navy WW1 British Medal with Blue Ribbon 1918 Naval Repro | eBay [PAR] Victoria Cross Royal Navy WW1 British Medal with Blue Ribbon 1918 Naval Repro [PAR] Your Ultimate Military Medal Collection [PAR] \u00a361.90 [PAR] We work out the trending price by crunching the data on the product\u2019s sale price over the last 90 days. [PAR] eBay Premium Service [PAR] Excellent customer service as rated by buyers [PAR] 14-day returns [PAR] Excellent customer service as rated by buyers [PAR] 14-day returns [PAR] Please enter a minimum and/or maximum price before continuing. [PAR] \u00a3 [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1995-2017 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved. User Agreement , Privacy , Cookies and AdChoice [PAR] Amounts shown in italicised text are for items listed in currency other than Pounds Sterling and are approximate conversions to Pounds Sterling based upon Bloomberg's conversion rates. For more recent exchange rates, please use the Universal Currency Converter [PAR] This page was last updated: 18-Jan 12:24. Number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date. See each listing for international postage options and costs.[DOC] [TLE] Victoria Cross Heroes :: The Victoria Cross Victoria Cross Heroes :: The Victoria Cross [PAR] Victoria Cross Heroes [PAR] The Victoria Cross [PAR] The VC can be awarded to women although no woman has yet received one. [PAR] Originally the VC could not be awarded posthumously, i.e. to anyone who had died whilst performing the act of gallantry; this was changed by an incident in 1900 although formal recognition of posthumous awards did not take place until 1920. [PAR] The VC can be awarded to civilians if they are \"serving with the armed forces\"; so far, only five have been bestowed (four in the Indian Mutiny in 1857-58 and one in Afghanistan in 1879). [PAR] When first awarded, Army VCs were issued with crimson ribbons and Navy VCs had blue ribbons. When the RAF was formed in 1918, it was decided to adopt crimson for all three services rather than introduce a third colour. [PAR] The VC takes precedence over all other British awards and decorations, even the great orders of chivalry. [PAR] Under the original statutes for the VC, medals could be forfeited (i.e. cancelled) if the recipient was later found guilty of \"dishonourable conduct\". In total, eight VCs were forfeited, including one to an officer, for a variety of crimes including theft and bigamy. The last was forfeited in 1908 and the practice was discontinued in 1920. [PAR] The original motto suggested for the obverse (front) of the VC was \"For the Brave\" but this was vetoed by Queen Victoria who felt that it implied that any serviceman not given the medal was not brave; at her instigation therefore the legend \"For Valour\" was adopted. [PAR] All VCs are cast from worthless bronze cannon metal originally sourced from two supposedly Russian guns captured at Sebastopol during the Crimean War. These had been used up by the end of 1914 however, since which time bronze from two Chinese guns (probably captured during the Second China War in 1860) has been used. [PAR] Each and every VC should be engraved with the details of the name, rank and unit (or service) of the recipient on the reverse of the suspension bar, and with the date of his act of bravery within the central circle on the back of the cross itself. However, at least two genuine VCs are known to exist which do not have any date on the reverse, an enigma for which there is"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Marquette University: The Tumultuous History of the KGB web page template [PAR] Web Resources [PAR] Abstract [PAR] The KGB, or Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (Committee for State Security), is the best known name for the terror and espionage organization that operated within the Soviet Union during the twentieth century. This agency underwent a series of name changes and modifications since the Russian Revolution of 1917. In fact, the KGB was only the official name for forty-six years, between 1954 and 1991. Though the name is relatively modern, terror organizations have long been a part of Russia\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds political structure. The functions of these organizations were expanded from the political police role that was played by the Okhrana played during Tsar Nicholas II\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds reign. In 1917, Illich Vladimir Lenin created the Cheka out of the remnants of the Ohkrana. This new organization, which eventually evolved into the KGB, held broad responsibilities including espionage, the protection of Soviet secrets, and the isolation of the Soviet Union from Western goods, news, and ideas. In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, leading to the fragmentation of the KGB into many subsidiary organizations that are the last remnants of a legacy that began nearly a century ago. [PAR] The Origins of the KGB [PAR] In 1880, Tsar Alexander II formed the Department of State Police, known to the Russian population as the Okhrana (Andrew, 20). This organization was used primarily to investigate, infiltrate and deactivate the various radical factions within Russia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By placing Okhrana members within the various revolutionary groups, the tsar remained constantly aware of the movement of these organizations and could thwart any potential attack with relative ease. In fact, between 1908 and 1909, four of the five members of the St. Petersburg committee of the Bolshevik Party were Okhrana officials (Freemantle, 17). Nicholas II was so secure in his infiltration of these groups that he chose to ignore warnings in November 1916 of imminent revolution from other members of his collapsing government. [PAR] In February 1917, over 400,000 industrial workers in St. Petersburg spontaneously revolted in response to hunger and poor working conditions (Freemantle, 18). This strike caught Tsar Nicholas completely off guard because none of the revolutionary groups that the Okhrana had been tracking were involved. Compounding the uprising, the Russian army sided with the civilian population against the government. As the government crumbed, the Russian parliament, or Duma, became the provisional government and the tsar abdicated. [PAR] During the nine months of uncertain democracy that ensued, Illich Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik party secretly organized their forces. After one failed coup in July 1918, the Bolshevik-controlled Military Revolutionary Committee stormed the WinterPalace on October 25, 1918. They seized control after very little resistance and Lenin became the head of the new government (Andrew, 38). [PAR] Lenin strongly believed in the use of terror and admired the Jacobins, the most radical of the French revolutionaries of 1790 (Freemantle, 21). He appointed Feliks Dzerzhinsky as the chairman of the People\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Commissariat for Internal Affairs, the NKVD (Freemantle, 21). The primary objective of this organization was to combat counter-revolution and sabotage throughout the nation.To do this more effectively, The Vecheka was formed as a subsidiary of the NKVD on December 20, 1917 (Freemantle, 21). Shortened to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdCheka\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd by the people, this organization was the original basis for the more recent KGB.Dzerzhinsky, a Polish nobleman who had served an eleven year prison term resulting from his involvement in anti-Tsarist terrorism activities before the Russian Revolution, was Lenin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds immediate choice for Chairman. [PAR] As Dzerzhinsky became acclimated to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Translation of Ars gratia artis in English - Babylon Software Translation of Ars gratia artis in English [PAR] Free Download Now! [PAR] Ars gratia artis in English [PAR] \"Art for art's sake\" is the usual English rendering of a French slogan from the early 19th century, \"l'art pour l'art\", and expresses a philosophy that the intrinsic value of art, and the only \"true\" art, is divorced from any didactic, moral, or utilitarian function. Such works are sometimes described as \"autotelic\", from the Greek autoteles, \"complete in itself\", a concept that has been expanded to embrace \"inner-directed\" or \"self-motivated\" human beings. [PAR] See more at Wikipedia.org..."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nullipara - definition of nullipara by The Free Dictionary Nullipara - definition of nullipara by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Nullipara - definition of nullipara by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nullipara [PAR] A woman who has never given birth. [PAR] [Latin n\u016bllus, none; see ne in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + -para .] [PAR] nul\u00b7lip\u2032a\u00b7rous adj. [PAR] nullipara [PAR] n, pl -rae (-\u02ccri\u02d0) [PAR] (Gynaecology & Obstetrics) a woman who has never borne a child [PAR] [C19: New Latin, from nullus no, not any + -para, from parere to bring forth; see -parous] [PAR] nul\u02c8liparous adj[DOC] [TLE] IUD Use in Nulliparous Women Who've Never Given Birth IUD Use in Nulliparous Women Who've Never Given Birth [PAR] IUD Use in Teenagers [PAR] What Does the Research Say? [PAR] Recent literature proposes that IUDs are more effective and have higher rates of satisfaction in women who haven't had a child as compared to the birth control pill . [PAR] In a 1-year study (of 200 nulliparous women aged 18\u201325 years seeking contraception ), approximately half of the women chose to use Mirena and the other half chose the pill. Whereas 27% of the women in the birth control pill group stopped use during the year, only 20% of the Mirena users discontinued. In this study, more of the women in the Mirena group (vs. those who were in the birth control pill group) reported that the their contraceptive method was moderately good to very good. Pain was the most commonly cited reason for Mirena IUD removal and discontinuation, while hormonal side effects were the main reason why the pill users chose to stop. This study concluded that the safety and acceptability of Mirena in women who have never given birth was observed to be as good as the pill, with a high rate of continued use. [PAR] Research from another study examined available data about nulliparous women\u2019s concerns about IUD use (such as effectiveness, safety, PID risk, side effects, etc.). After evaluating existing research, this study found that IUDs have a similarly low failure rate in nulliparous and parous women (so they are equally effective in both populations) and do not cause PID or infertility . [PAR] Also, nulliparous women continue their IUD use at comparable or higher rates of use as compared to women who use other contraception methods. The authors suggest that the Mirena IUD may be better tolerated in nulliparous women than the ParaGard based on lower expulsion rates (when the IUD partially or completely slips out of the uterus) and less bleeding ( as a side effect ). They also caution that IUD insertion may be more difficult in nulliparous women. But, overall, this study advised that nulliparous women who desire effective contraception should be considered as candidates for either Mirena or ParaGard and that because of the benefits of IUD use , doctors should not be discouraged from offering IUDs as a first-line contraceptive choice for this population. [PAR] A review of the literature on copper IUD use among nulliparous women was done to analyze information on expulsion rates and removal due to bleeding and pain. Results suggest that expulsion rates for both Mirena and ParaGard are fairly similar in nulliparous women and parous ones. That being said, it seems that the rate of expulsion may be slightly higher for nulliparous users who use ParaGard as compared to parous users who use this same IUD. [PAR] The most common side effects reported for ParaGard use in nulliparous women were pain and increased menstrual bleeding . Nulliparous women who used Mirena generally reported no periods or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vilnius - The Capital Of Lithuania | Travel Lithuania Vilnius - The Capital Of Lithuania | Travel Lithuania [PAR] Vilnius [PAR] Urban [PAR] Vilnius is the Capital of Lithuania located in the center of Europe which is both contemporary and ancient, rich in architecture, historical monuments, culture heritage, thematic festivals and entertainments. Vilnius is the fastest growing capital in the Baltic States, aspiring to become the most attractive political, business and culture center between Lithuania neighbor countries. A very significant step in reaching this purpose is becoming the European Capital of Culture 2009. [PAR] The Main Facts [PAR] Vilnius is the largest city in Lithuania with the population of approximately 554.400 inhabitants according to data of 2007. The population contains of 57,8% Lithuanians, 18,7% Poles, 14% Russians, 4 % Byelorussians, 0,5% Jews and 5% of other nationalities. The area of Vilnius is about 400 sq.km in total, 29,1% of which is covered by buildings, 68,8% by greenery and 2,1% by waters. [PAR] History [PAR] According to a legend, the authentic history of Vilnius began when the Grand Duke Gediminas in the early 14th century dreamt a gargantuan iron wolf howling enormously loudly. The Grand Duke asked magus Lizdeika to explain the dream and was told to found a city in the place he slept because the city is destined to become glorious and well known in all around the world. Looks like Lizdeika was right. Gediminas founded the city and named it after the name of river Vilnia. As soon as Vilnius was founded, the Capital of the Great Duchy of Lithuania was shifted from Trakai to Vilnius. At that time Vilnius became a center of tolerance where people of various nationalities settled and lived there in harmony developing trade and crafts. As soon as the Vilnius University was established in 1579 by King of Poland Stefan Batory, the city became a center of education and culture as well. Many years the destiny of Vilnius was closely related with Poland. There were even times when polish was set up as a language of higher classes. In order to avoid Russian military threat Lithuania had to sign a union that united Lithuania and Poland to a Commonwealth of Two Nations. However in 1795 the Commonwealth was divided between Russia, Austria and Prussia. Vilnius felt to Russia. Hopes for the Commonwealth recreation emerged when the great general Napoleon Bonaparte appeared in Vilnius in 1812. However, Napoleon was defeated and his highly debatable campaign of recovering the Commonwealth ended in disaster. Despite the difficulties some new Lithuanian seeds were sowed because of Vilnius University where Simonas Stanevicius and Simonas Daukantas worked in order to renew Lithuanian identity. However, the Vilnius University was closed after Russian repressions in 1831 and reopened only in 1917 after the collapse of the Russian Empire. As a consequence, less than 3% of Vilnius population spoke Lithuanian during the First World War. In 1920 Vilnius was overtaken by Poland and the Capital was transferred to Kaunas until 1939 when Lithuania was forced to sign a mutual assistance treaty with the Soviet Union on the basis of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact. In that way Lithuania got Vilnius back, but lost its sovereignty. In 1941-1943 Lithuania was under control of Nazis so two ghettos were set up in the Old town . But Germany lost the Second Warld War and the history turned everything back when Lithuania was annexed by the Soviet Union again to be Lithuanian SSR. Although the period of Soviet occupation was very gloomy, Vilnius started to grow again in the early sixties inspired by sense of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Vectis Insvla - Roman Britain VECTIS INSVLA [PAR] Vectis Insvla [PAR] Type: Saxon Shore Fort, Fort, Villa, Roman Building [PAR] Roads [PAR] None identified [PAR] Vectis - The Division [PAR] \"Below Magnus Portus\u00b9 is the island Vectis, the middle of which is in 19*20 52\ufffd.\" [PAR] Magnus Portus was the Roman name for Bosham Harbour in Hampshire. [PAR] The island of Vectis is easily identified as the Isle of Wight. [PAR] Above quote from Ptolemy's Geography (final entry, Part.2 Chapter.2) [PAR] The island is mentioned in the Ravenna Cosmology of the seventh century, again as Vectis (R&C#303), between the entries for the Dorcades (the Orkney Islands) and Malaca (Isle of Mull, Inner Hebrides). [PAR] \"Wight, Isle of (the county). Vectis c.150, Wit 1086 ( [PAR] DB [PAR] ). A name (Welsh/Gaelic) possibly meaning 'place of the division', referring to its situation betreen the two arms of the Solent.\" (Mills) [PAR] There is an oft-quoted passage by the great polymath Pliny the Elder (Natural History Book XVI, verse 104) dating to the late 70's AD which names the island Mictis as the centre of the British tin trade, stating that it lay off the south coast of Britain some six days sail from Gaul. This name has often been mistakenly associated with the Isle of Wight, but is now known to refer to Saint Michael's Mount off the Cornish coast opposite Marazion, known in ancient times as Ictis . [PAR] The historian Suetonius Tranquillus wrote in the latter half of the second century, and a reference to the Isle of Wight appears in his biography of the emperor Vespasian, which is dated to the early Claudian campaigns in Britain, during 43AD or 44, and states: [PAR] \"He reduced to subjection two powerful nations,\u00b9 more than twenty towns,\u00b2 and the island of Vectis, near Britain, ... \" [PAR] The Durotriges of Somerset and Dorset, and possibly the eastern Dumnonii of Devon. [PAR] Only a few of these 'towns' have been identified with any certainty, such as Hod Hill and South Cadbury. [PAR] In the year 296, Constantius Caesar made preparations to take back the British provinces from the usurper Allectus. His fleet set out from Gaul and sailed along the south coast, expecting to meet the rebel British fleet somewhere along the way, however: [PAR] \"... As we learn by their own accounts, at the very moment such mist swirled over the surface of the sea that the hostile fleet, on station at the Isle of Vecta as look-out and in ambush, was bypassed with the enemy in total ignorance, and thus unable to delay our attack, still less resist it. ...\" (Panegyric on Constantius Caesar 15) [PAR] Constantius landed all his troops somewhere on the south coast opposite Vectis, and immediately burned his ships, thus proving to his men that they would either succeed in taking back Britain for Rome, or else die in the attempt, for there would be no turning back. [PAR] The island's name also occurs in Ptolemy's Geography of the mid-second century, where it appears at the very end of book two chapter two: [PAR] \"... Below Magnus Portus\u00b9 is the island Vectis the middle of which is in 19*20 52\ufffd.\" [PAR] Magnus Portus = Noviomagus , Chichester, Hampshire. [PAR] And again in the Ravenna Cosmology of the seventh century: [PAR] \"Once again, there are within the selfsame ocean (islands) which are named: Vectis, Malaca,\u00b9 Insenos,\u00b2 Taniatide.\u00b3\" [PAR] Island of Mull, Inner Hebrides. [PAR] Possibly Hibernia, Ireland.[DOC] [TLE] 4. Britain Becomes Roman - IADB The Romans In Britain [PAR] The Romans in Britain [PAR] Home"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What number is opposite 6 on a dart board ? > Betfair ... What number is opposite 6 on a dart board ? > Betfair Community > Darts [PAR] Report enjbenjy \u2022 December 31, 2010 6:35 PM GMT [PAR] 11 [PAR] Report DartsnBooze \u2022 December 31, 2010 10:47 PM GMT [PAR] lol i looked up at my dartboard before reading your entire post. [PAR] Thought it was some kind of trick question. [PAR] I've another one. [PAR] What's the highest score you can get with 3 Darts [;)] [PAR] lol i looked up at my dartboard before reading your entire post.Thought it was some kind of trick question.I've another one.What's the highest score you can get with 3 Darts [PAR] Report Robbie_Box \u2022 December 31, 2010 11:12 PM GMT [PAR] ok i will be the 1st to bite....180? [PAR] ok i will be the 1st to bite....180? [PAR] Report DartsnBooze \u2022 December 31, 2010 11:37 PM GMT [PAR] Under normal circumstances it's 180. [PAR] Using a conventional Dartboard it's 293, but how? [PAR] Under normal circumstances it's 180.Using a conventional Dartboard it's 293, but how? [PAR] Report Nilsson Schmilsson \u2022 December 31, 2010 11:52 PM GMT [PAR] rab butler calling? [PAR] Report King Cally \u2022 January 1, 2011 10:33 AM GMT [PAR] Report Lori \u2022 January 1, 2011 11:56 AM GMT [PAR] 293 doesn't even divide by 3, this bothers me even in terms of trick question. [PAR] 293 doesn't even divide by 3, this bothers me even in terms of trick question. [PAR] Report Lucky Sod \u2022 January 1, 2011 12:11 PM GMT [PAR] On a quadro board (practiceboard with a quadrowheel) you can reach 240 points. [PAR] On a quadro board (practiceboard with a quadrowheel) you can reach 240 points. [PAR] Report tommygunn147 \u2022 January 1, 2011 9:01 PM GMT [PAR] 120 3 double tops [PAR] Report casualuser \u2022 January 1, 2011 9:14 PM GMT [PAR] eh?[DOC] [TLE] DARTBOARD ARRANGEMENTS - Electronic Journal of Combinatorics %PDF-1.2 %\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 2 0 obj << /Length 2191 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream H\ufffd\ufffdW\u06ce\ufffdF\u0012\ufffdg}\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\u0001\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffdY,\ufffd\u0019\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdx\u0014\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\u000f\ufffdD\ufffdhK\u21242\ufffd\ufffd\ufa6e\ufffd.\u0013\u06c1!\ufffdl\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdN\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd|\ufffd\ufffdg3U\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdf*\ufffdKC\ufffd\\\ufffd\ufffd\u053b2/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdDN\ufffd'\ufffd_\u07aa\ufffd}?\ufffd\ufffd\\J\ufffd[N\u078b\ufffd\ufffd(q\ufffd)\ufffd6+\ufffd\ufffd_\ufffd\u0012\ufffd\ufffd^e3\u00134O\ufffd\ufffdx\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdm\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\u007fp\ufffdJ\ufffd*\ufffd\u001b\ufffd\ufffdi\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 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    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Anne Hathaway - William Shakespeare's Wife Anne Hathaway - William Shakespeare's Wife [PAR] Anne Hathaway - William Shakespeare's Wife [PAR] Anne Hathaway - William Shakespeare's Wife [PAR] Anne Hathaway, A Biography [PAR] By Lee Jamieson [PAR] Updated April 04, 2016. [PAR] Anne Hathaway was William Shakespeare \u2019s wife. Originally from Shottery, a small village on the outskirts of Stratford-upon-Avon , she moved into the town when the couple were married in 1582. [PAR] Anne Hathaway Facts [PAR] Lived in: Shottery and Stratford-upon-Avon [PAR] Married: November 1582 to William Shakespeare aged 26 [PAR] Children: Three children (two daughters, one son) [PAR] Died: 6 August 1623 [PAR] We know very little about Anne Hathaway. Her name crops up a few times in historical records, but we don\u2019t have any real sense of what type of woman she was. [PAR] She grew up in a farmhouse in Shottery, a village just outside Stratford-upon-Avon in the Forest of Arden. Anne Hathaway's Cottage remains on the site and has since become a major tourist attraction . [PAR] Shotgun Marriage [PAR] Anne Hathaway married William Shakespeare in November 1582 \u2013 she was 26, he was just 18. It appears that the couple had conceived a child out of wedlock and a shotgun wedding was arranged despite the fact that marriages were not traditionally performed at that time of year. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Special permission had to be asked from the Church and friends and family had to financially guarantee the wedding and sign a surety for \u00a340 \u2013 a huge some in those days. [PAR] Some historians believe that the marriage was an unhappy one and the couple were forced together by the pregnancy. Although there is no evidence to support this, some historians go as far as to suggest that William left for London to escape the day-to-day pressures of his unhappy marriage. This is, of course, wild speculation! [PAR] Did William Run Away to London? [PAR] We know that William Shakespeare lived and worked in London for most of his adult life. This has led to speculation about the state of William and Anne\u2019s marriage. [PAR] Broadly, there are two camps of thought: [PAR] The Failed Marriage: Some speculate that a difficult marriage in Stratford-upon-Avon compelled the young William to seek his fortune away from home. London would have been many days ride, and was perhaps welcome escape for William who was trapped by a shotgun wedding and children. Indeed, there is evidence (although scant) that William was unfaithful whilst in London, and would complete with his business partner for the attention of London\u2019s women. [PAR] The Loving Marriage: If the above is true, it does not explain why William kept such close ties with the town. It seems he regularly returned to share his new-found wealth with Anne and his children. Land investments in the Stratford-upon-Avon area also prove that he planned to retire to the town once his working life in London finished. [PAR] [PAR] Children [PAR] Six months after the marriage, their first daughter Susanna was born. Twins, Hamnet and Judith soon followed in 1585. Hamnet died aged 11; four years later Shakespeare wrote Hamlet , a play that may have drawn on his own grief at loosing his only son. [PAR] Death [PAR] Anne Hathaway outlived William and finally departed in 1623. She is buried next to Shakespeare\u2019s grave inside Holy Trinity Church , Stratford-upon-Avon. Like her husband, she has an inscription upon her tomb, some of which is written in Latin: [PAR] Here lyeth the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Should fictional children ever grow up? - theguardian.com Harry Potter and the curse of middle age: should fictional children ever grow up? | Books | The Guardian [PAR] The Guardian [PAR] Harry Potter and the curse of middle age: should fictional children ever grow up? [PAR] JK Rowling\u2019s beloved characters are taking to the stage as adults in The Cursed Child. But are fans ever ready for their childhood heroes to grow up? Leading authors have their say [PAR] by Anthony Horowitz, Cressida Cowell, Charlie Higson , Francesca Simon , Michael Rosen and others [PAR] JK Rowling\u2019s beloved characters are taking to the stage as adults in The Cursed Child. But are fans ever ready for their childhood heroes to grow up? Leading authors have their say [PAR] by Anthony Horowitz, Cressida Cowell, Charlie Higson , Francesca Simon , Michael Rosen and others [PAR] Harry Potter and the curse of middle age: should fictional children ever grow up? [PAR] Saturday 23 July 2016 03.00 EDT [PAR] Anthony Horowitz [PAR] Author of the Alex Rider series [PAR] Children shouldn\u2019t grow up, really \u2026 and certainly not the heroes of children\u2019s books. Take a look at the last chapter of Peter Pan, which comes with the oppressive title, \u201cWhen Wendy Grew Up\u201d. Wendy is now a mother with a daughter called Jane and they have this exchange: [PAR] \u201cWhy can\u2019t you fly now, mother?\u201d [PAR] \u201cBecause I am grown up, dear. When people grow up, they forget the way.\u201d [PAR] For Barrie, this was something of an obsession. His older brother, David, had died in an ice-skating accident at the age of 14, and the family took solace from the fact that the dead child would remain young for ever. This was certainly part of the inspiration for Peter Pan. \u201cAll children, except one, grow up,\u201d he mournfully observed. [PAR] The best children\u2019s books celebrate the innocence and joy of childhood. They capture and preserve it. Do we really want to know that Just William became an accountant or that Charlie sold his chocolate factory to Nestl\u00e9 and took up golf? Speaking personally, I felt a sense of betrayal when we glimpsed Harry as an adult at the end of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . I was reminded of a wonderful film, Joseph Losey\u2019s The Go-Between, which is as much about childhood as it is about love. At the end, the youthful Leo, played by Dominic Guard, is transformed into the elderly, ghost-like Michael Redgrave. \u201cLeo, you\u2019re all dried up inside,\u201d he\u2019s told and he doesn\u2019t disagree. That\u2019s what growing up can do to you. It\u2019s what children\u2019s books fight against. [PAR] Curiously, I once flirted with the idea of re-examining my own hero, Alex Rider, in his late 20s. He wouldn\u2019t exactly be old, but he would certainly be a wreck, psychologically damaged by all the terrible adventures I\u2019d put him through. I saw him in the opening chapter, waking up in a dirty, crumpled bed in a shabby room, rolling over and lighting two cigarettes; one for himself, one for the woman he was sleeping with. My publishers told me, politely, that it was a terrible idea. And they were right. [PAR] As it happens, I have recently begun a new Alex novel. But he\u2019s still a child. After surviving 10 missions, he\u2019s aged just one year \u2013 from 14 to 15. Alex still embodies, for me, the resilience and the single-mindedness of childhood. I don\u2019t want to see him hurt. More to the point, nowadays I often meet people in their late 20s and early"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Horticultural Society - 2014 RHS Awards for ... Royal Horticultural Society - 2014 RHS Awards for Exceptional Contributions to Horticulture Announced [PAR] Royal Horticultural Society [PAR] Monday 27 January 2014 [PAR] Society honours those who have excelled in their field [PAR] The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), the UK\u2019s foremost gardening charity, today announced the recipients of its prestigious annual awards for contributions to horticulture. The RHS awards recognise both horticultural excellence and personal endeavour and are regarded internationally as being among the highest distinctions in horticulture. [PAR] The highest accolade the RHS bestows, the Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH) was awarded to Chris Sanders. The VMH is awarded to British horticulturists deserving of special honour by the Society. [PAR] Chris Sanders, who was made an RHS Associate of Honour in 1999, is a respected plantsman, propagator and author who has travelled extensively, particularly in the Himalayan region, to further his knowledge. An expert on ornamental cherries, he was instrumental in setting up a National Plant Collection at Keele University, Staffordshire, has also built a collection of Deutzia originally bred by Victor Lemoine and was behind the introduction of a range of garden favourites including Cornus alba \u2018Aurea\u2019 and Aster x frikartii \u2018Monch\u2019. He is Vice-Chair of the RHS Woody Plant Committee, Chair of the Woody Trials Assessment Forum and a member of the Nomenclature and Taxonomy Advisory Group. Chris has worked at several commercial nurseries, and when he retired in 2002 was Production Director for Bridgemere Nurseries, Cheshire. [PAR] Mark Chase, Martin Gardner, Gianfranco Giustina, Antonio de Almeida Monteiro and Philip Baulk were all awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal for their outstanding contribution to the advancement of the art, science or practice of horticulture. All recipients have had an exceptional impact in their area of expertise. Mark Chase is one of the most distinguished scientists working in the field of plant classification and evolution; Martin Gardner has made an outstanding contribution to conifer conservation; and Philip Baulk, who with Ashwood Nursery has won 50 consecutive RHS Flower Show Gold medals, has played a significant role in establishing Ashwood\u2019s worldwide reputation for quality and innovation. [PAR] Ian Butterfield and David Stone were awarded the RHS Associate of Honour, which is presented to British citizens who have rendered distinguished service to the practice of horticulture either as employers or employees throughout their career. [PAR] The Harlow Carr Medal, given to honour those who have made a significant contribution to horticulture in the North of England, was awarded to Peter Cartmell. Peter founded the Westmorland Damson Association, which has increased the popularity of damson growing in Cumbria\u2019s Lyth and Winster valleys. [PAR] Horticulturists will also be recognised during the graduation ceremony of the Master of Horticulture in April, which is the Society\u2019s most prestigious professional horticultural qualification. This year\u2019s graduates are Catherine Corneille, Michele Coe-O\u2019Brien, Jane Cosh, Grainne Ring, Oliver Wilkins and Branka Gaberscik. [PAR] Tom Galligan, from New Mills School Business & Enterprise College in Derbyshire, was named Young School Gardener of the Year. [PAR] Other awards bestowed included those associated with RHS Flower Shows. Dave Parkinson of Dave Parkinson Plants from East Yorkshire was awarded the Williams Memorial Medal for exhibiting plants of excellent cultivation while Helen Bainbridge from Fir Trees Pelargonium Nursery, Middlesbrough won the Lawrence Medal for creating the best floral exhibit at the RHS Hampton Court Palace Flower Show in 2013. [PAR] RHS President Sir Nicholas Bacon said: \u201cThe RHS awards are a most important part of the work of the RHS by recognising the remarkable efforts that individuals have made to the furtherance of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Zambia - Languages | Ethnologue Zambia - Languages | Ethnologue [PAR] Ethnologue [PAR] Feedback [PAR] Afrikaans [PAR] [afr] 41,000 in Zambia (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian. Comments: Non-indigenous. [PAR] More Information [PAR] Aushi [PAR] [auh] Luapula province. 100,000 in Zambia (2010 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Avaushi, Ushi, Usi, Uzhil, Vouaousi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Bemba (M.402). [PAR] More Information [PAR] Bemba [PAR] [bem] Eastern, Luapula, and Northern provinces; possibly Copperbelt province. 3,810,000 in Zambia (2010 census), decreasing. 3,730,000 Bemba, 12,800 Chishinga, 37,900 Kabende, 15,000 Lunda, 1,680 Mukulu, 11,500 Unga (2010 census). Ethnic population: 2,890,000 (2010 census). 2,630,000 Bemba, 64,400 Chishinga, 45,000 Kabende, 119,000 Lunda, 5,130 Mukulu, 24,900 Unga (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 4,110,000. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in North, Copperbelt, and Luapula provinces. Town Bemba is a widely used lingua franca in urban areas, with higher social status than other languages except English [eng], and is used for educational and administrative purposes. Alternate Names: Chibemba, Chiwemba, Cibemba, Ichibemba, Icibemba, Wemba. Dialects: Lembue, Lomotua (Lomotwa), Ngoma, Nwesi, Town Bemba, Lunda (Luapula), Chishinga, Kabende, Mukulu, Ng\u2019umbo, Twa of Bangweulu, Unga. Town Bemba has a Bemba base with heavy code mixing with English and neighboring Bantu languages. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Bemba (M.42). Comments: Traditional religion, Christian. [PAR] More Information [PAR] Bwile [PAR] [bwc] Luapula province. 19,600 in Zambia (2010 census). Ethnic population: 55,600 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 32,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Dialects: None known. Not closely related to other languages. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Bemba (M.401). [PAR] More Information [PAR] Chichewa [PAR] [nya] Eastern and Central provinces. 2,180,000 in Zambia (2010 census). 500,000 Chewa, 40,000 Kunda 1,640,000 Nyanja (2010 census). Ethnic population: 1,060,000 (2010 census). 930,000 Chewa, 83,500 Kunda, 50,800 Nyanja (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Eastern, Central provinces. Alternate Names: Chewa, Chinyanja, Nyanja. Dialects: Chewa (Cewa), Peta (Chipeta, Cipeta, Malawi, Marave, Maravi), Chingoni (Ngoni), Manganja (Waganga), Nyasa, Kunda. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, N, Chewa-Nyanja (N.31). Comments: Kunda dialect is distinct from Kunda [kdn] of Mozambique. [PAR] More Information [PAR] Chokwe [PAR] [cjk] North-Western rovince: east of Mbunda [mck] language area. 17,700 in Zambia (2010 census). Ethnic population: 61,900 (2010 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ciokwe, Cokwe, Djok, Shioko, Tschiokwe, Tshokwe. Dialects: Minungo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, K, Ciokwe-Luchazi (K.11). Comments: Non-indigenous. [PAR] More Information [PAR] English [PAR] [eng] Widespread. 110,000 in Zambia (Crystal 2003a). L2 users: 1,800,000 in Zambia (Crystal 2003a). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1991, Constitution, Article 1(3)). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English. Comments: Non-indigenous. [PAR] More Information [PAR] Gujarati [PAR] [guj] 12,000 in Zambia (1985 IEM). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati. Comments: Non-indigenous. Hindu. [PAR] More Information [PAR] Ila [PAR] [ilb] Central and Southern provinces: Kafue river west bend, west of Sala [shq] language area. 82,900 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 97,400 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chiila, Shukulumbwe, Sukulumbwe. Dialects: Lundwe, Lumbu, Ila. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Lenje-Tonga (M.63). [PAR] More Information [PAR] Kaonde [PAR] [kqn] North-Western, Central, Western, and Copperbelt provinces: northwest of Mumbwa. 206,000 in Zambia (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 242,000. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Chikahonde, Chikaonde, Kahonde, Kawonde, Luba Kaonde. Dialects: None known. Not closely related to other languages. Classification: Niger-Congo,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Elton John and David Furnish reveal truth behind baby ... Sir Elton John and David Furnish reveal truth behind baby Zachary's conception | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] After weeks of speculation, Sir Elton John and David Furnish have finally revealed how their son Zachary was conceived. [PAR] While the pair had previously remained silent on which of them was the biological father, Furnish has now confirmed that he and Elton 'both contributed' to the conception of Zachary, who was born to a surrogate mother on Christmas Day last year. [PAR] As the pair undertook a surrogacy program in America, the mixing of their semen specimens was allowed - a process which is currently banned in the UK - before being used to fertilise a previously chosen egg. [PAR] Proud parents: Sir Elton John and David Furnish have spoken of their love for new baby son Zachary in US Weekly magazine [PAR] When asked which of them is Zachary's biological father, Furnish explained: 'We both contributed. For the time being we don't have a clue. We look at him every day and at the moment he has Elton's nose and my hands. [PAR] 'Neither of us care. He's our child. The important thing is that he's healthy and happy and loved.' [PAR] On Zachary's birth certificate, Elton was registered as the boy's father while Furnish was named under the mother category in computer documents. [PAR] Initially - normally on computer documentation - a \u2018father\u2019 and \u2018mother\u2019 are listed. [PAR] However, in \u2018gay dad\u2019 surrogacy cases, when the actual certificate is produced, the couple can apply to have it re-issued as Parent 1 and Parent 2. [PAR] During their interview and photoshoot in OK! magazine, both Elton and Furnish beam with happiness as they introduce little Zachary Jackson Levon Furnish-John to the world. [PAR] Happy and content: The pair looked excited about the new addition to their family as they went for lunch in Los Angeles last week [PAR] The 63-year-old singer and 48-year-old Furnish are seen beaming as they hold Zachary, dressed in a white top and denim dungarees, on the cover of OK! publication. [PAR] And Elton has revealed he is thoroughly enjoying fatherhood, and can't wait to 'lavish his love' on his new son. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] He said: 'There just aren't proper words to describe that feeling. It's indescribable. It was just...We have a son.' [PAR] 'I'm ready to have a child and lavish my love on our son and not spoil him but be there for him and advise him. [PAR] 'We don't want to spoil him materially, although he's already been spoiled rotten by people buying him stuff! We just want to give him some wisdom.' [PAR] Elton also said he and Furnish are both determined to be as 'hands on' as possible with Zachary. [PAR] He added: 'I feed him. David feeds him. We change his nappies. I mean, it's hands on! We are on nappy patrol.' [PAR] Elton and Furnish revealed in the accompanying interview in OK! magazine that they were present for the Zachary's birth. [PAR] Recalling the happy day, Elton said: 'Suddenly, at 2.15am on Christmas Day, we were woken up. They said, \"Quickly! The baby's coming!' We went in and stood behind the bed. Then the top of the head came out and David said, \"My God, there's the head!\" [PAR] 'Then he shot out like a rocket basically - so much so that the obstetrician sort of caught him! It was so dramatic and exciting, we didn't have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1936 The Year of the Three Kings | Lisa's History Room 1936 The Year of the Three Kings | Lisa's History Room [PAR] 1936 The Year of the Three Kings [PAR] October 2, 2009 by Lisa Waller Rogers [PAR] 1936 The Year of Three British Kings: dad George V and his 2 sons - George VI & Edward VIII [PAR] The year 1936 brought many changes within the British monarchy. In January of that year, the first monarch of the House of Windsor, King George V, died and his son, Edward VIII ascended the throne. King Edward VIII though was not destined to rule long. He had a married American mistress \u2013 Wallis Warfield Simpson \u2013 who was in the process of divorcing her second husband. The King\u2019s choice of sweetheart would soon bring him tumbling down. [PAR] Wallis Warfield Simpson, Duchess of Windsor (1896-1986). Wallis' second husband Ernest Simpson couldn't keep her happy. She was accustomed to a grander style of living than he was capable of providing. They were living well beyond their means and having to fire servants when, in 1931, she was introduced to the playboy Prince of Wales, who ascended to the British throne in 1936 as King Edward VIII. The King - called \"David\" by his friends and family - dropped all his other married girlfriends and became obsessed with Wallis, showering her with jewels and clothes and taking her on expensive ocean cruises - while she was still Mrs. Married Simpson. [PAR] The King shocked the nation \u2013 already reeling from the King\u2019s scandalous behavior of appearing in the society pages with Mrs. Simpson \u2013 by announcing that he planned to marry Mrs. Simpson. [PAR] The British people and the government would never have accepted Mrs. Simpson as their queen. Divorced people were not accepted at court, especially ones with two living ex-husbands. Although the King was not forbidden to marry Mrs. Simpson, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised him, on religious and political grounds, that he must make a choice between the throne and marrying Mrs. Simpson \u2013 or the government would resign. [PAR] By December 1936, King Edward had made his decision. He used his power to expedite Wallis\u2019 divorce from Ernest Simpson [divorces took years back then] then, declared to his kingdom \u2013 the United Kingdom, Canada, and India \u2013 that it was impossible to carry out his duties \u201cwithout the help and support of the woman I love,\u201d and gave up the throne. Edward became the only monarch in the history of Great Britain to voluntarily abdicate. Edward\u2019s younger brother, King George VI, then ascended the throne. Edward did marry Wallis and they became the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, settling in France until World War II began. [PAR] [PAR] Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon [pictured] was Wallis\u2019 sister-in-law. She was married to King George VI, the Duke of Windsor\u2019s younger brother who ascended the throne following his 1936 abdication. Elizabeth was known as \u201cThe Queen Mum\u201d in later years, after King George VI died in 1952 and their daughter, \u201cLilibet,\u201d became Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Elizabeth II\u2019s mother \u2013 also called Queen Elizabeth when she was queen \u2013 died in 2002 at the age of 101. The Queen Mum hated Wallis, the Duchess of Windsor, and was determined that Wallis would never reenter British society after causing the abdication crisis. She also blamed the Duke and Wallis for the premature death of her husband George VI in 1952 upon the stress of his reign as king \u2013 again, because of her brother-in-law\u2019s abdication to marry Wallis. Wallis wasn\u2019t so happy"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bill Gates Richest person biography | Biography Bill Gates Richest person biography | Biography [PAR] Net worth: US$ 79.3 billion (2015) [PAR] Religion: None (atheist) [PAR] Children: 3 [PAR] William Henry \u201cBill\u201d Gates is an American business magnate, computer programmer, and great entrepreneur. Gates is the former chief executive and current chairman of Microsoft. Bill Gates was born (October 28, 1955) in Seattle, Washington, to William H. Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. His parents are of English, German, and Scots-Irish descent. His father was a well-known lawyer. [PAR] At 13 he enrolled in the Lakeside School, a special preparatory school. Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC and was excused from math classes to hunt his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always perform software code perfectly. [PAR] Gates graduated from Lakeside School in 1973. He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973.While at Harvard, he met Steve Ballmer, who later succeeded Gates as CEO of Microsoft. [PAR] Entrepreneur Bill Gates began to show a curiosity in computer programming at the age of 13. Through technological innovation, keen business strategy, and aggressive competitive strategy, he and his partner Paul Allen built the world\u2019s leading software industry, Microsoft. In the course, Bill Gates became one of the richest men in the world. Now he is the great philanthropist. [PAR] Mark Zuckerberg , investor Warren Buffett and Bill Gates made an agreement on 9 December 2010 where they agreed to donate to charity at least half of their assets over the course of time which is called \u201cGates-Buffet Giving Pledge\u201d. [PAR] Similar Biography"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bouzouki History - Spiros Skordilis Bouzouki History [PAR] Talks about the History of the Bouzouki [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The unlimited staccato sound of the Bouzouki fascinates audiences that fall under the spell of its strings. The Bouzouki is the descendent of ancient greek and eastern instruments. The Bouzouki was known to many pre-Hellenic cultures like Egypt, Assyria, and China. The instrument is closely related to the Laouto. In recent discoveries of ancient wall paintings and sculptures, the Bouzouki did exist during the Byzantine era. During the Byzantine period, the Bouzouki was known as Thampoura or the Tampoura. [PAR] [PAR] The Bouzouki was reintroduced and brought to Greece by immigrants from Asia Minor and Turkey in the early 1900's. The Trichordo Bouzouki has three pairs of strings, each pair tuned the same. It is tuned to \"re\", \"la\", \"re\", (d,a,d,) The (re) string is the basis for the melody, while the A and second D strings are used for playing chords. The first bottom (D) string is known as Kantini. The sound of the top (D) string is known as Bourgana. In the olden days, the Bouzouki was tuned to accompany the different modes (styles of songs) being played. This type of tuning is called Ntouzeni (Du-zeni), and is essential to preparation to playing. The bouzouki is played with a pick, but in the past it was played with a feather or a piece of wood carved from a cherry tree. This helps to create the distinctive sound of Bouzouki playing. In the early part of the 20th century the \"Rebetes\" played the Bouzouki and the (baglama), later they added the guitar for chords. The (baglama) is a smaller version of the Bouzouki. The baglama is tuned (re,la,re) exactly like the (trichordo) Bouzouki. The baglama was an easy instrument to carry because of its small size. Today the baglama is used to add color and to give a precise, distinct, vibrato sound to the composition. [PAR] In the 1950's the bouzouki with four pairs of strings was introduced. The three strings limited the musician to playing the \"Rebetika\" songs only. The four strings gave a new dimension to the capabilities of the instrument. The new Bouzouki that was developed in the fifties is named (tetrachordo) and has four pairs of strings that are tuned (c,f,a,d). The chords played on the Bouzouki are the same as a guitar. A distinct characteristic of the Bouzouki is the taxim. [PAR] TAXIM : Many rebetika songs start with a taxim. The taxim differs from strokes of the pick, the rhythm, and the essential value of the song. The taxim demands that the player be versatile. The player has to also know how to apply himself to this type of improvisation. In order to improvise and to play the taxim correctly, the Bouzouki player has to become familiar with the different (dromous). Knowing the tones minor and major is not enough to play a taxim correctly. For instance, if we want to play a taxim in the minor tone we have to know the (dromo). If the (dromo) is niavende it would still be in the minor tone with a different characteristic in the playing. Ousak is another minor tone with different characteristics in the playing. If we are playing in the major tone the appropriate (dromo) has to be applied. (Hejazz, Hejazzsiar Houzam) and many more. A good way to become familiar with the taxim is to listen to songs that have improvisations to recognize the (dromo) and the characteristic of the playing of the taxim. [PAR] In 1960 Greek music was rapidly"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Phobias - Planet Psych Phobias [PAR] Phobias [PAR] Fear of skin infestation by mites and ticks [PAR] ACEROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of darkness (also NYCTOPHOBIA) [PAR] ACOUSTICOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of flying; fear of drafts or fresh air [PAR] AGORAPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of pointed objects (also AICHUROPHOBIA) [PAR] AILUROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of cats (also AELUROPHOBIA, ELUROPHOBIA, & GATOPHOBIA) [PAR] ALBUMINUROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of albumin in one's urine as a sign of kidney disease [PAR] ALEKTOROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of pain (also ODYNOPHOBIA, ODYNEPHOBIA) [PAR] AMATHOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of being in or riding in vehicles (also OCHLOPHOBIA) [PAR] AMYCHOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of men; hatred of men [PAR] ANEMOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of drafts or winds [PAR] ANGINAPHOBIA [PAR] Fear or hatred of England and English things [PAR] ANTHOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of people (also ANTHROPOPHOBIA) [PAR] ANTLOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of touching or being touched (also HAPHEPHOBIA,HAPTEPHOBIA) [PAR] APIPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of one's mouth [PAR] ARACHNEPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of spiders (also ARACHNOPHOBIA) [PAR] ASTHENOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of being struck by lightning (also CERAUNOPHOBIA,KERAUNOPHOBIA) [PAR] ASTROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of disorder (also ATAXOPHOBIA) [PAR] ATELOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of being by oneself (also EREMIOPHOBIA, EREMOPHOBIA, MONOPHOBIA) [PAR] BACILLOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of germs (also BACTERIOPHOBIA, MICROBIOPHOBIA, BACILLIPHOBIA) [PAR] BALLISTOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of frogs and toads [PAR] BELONEPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of pins and needles (also BELONOPHOBIA) [PAR] BIBLIOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of demons and goblins [PAR] BOTANOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of plants and flowers [PAR] BROMIDROSIPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of having an unpleasant body odor [PAR] BRONTOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of thunder and thunderstorms [PAR] CAINOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of novelty (also CAINOTOPHOBIA) [PAR] CANCEROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of cancer (also CARCINOMATOPHOBIA) [PAR] CARDIOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear or dislikes of Celts [PAR] CENOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of open spaces (also KENOPHOBIA) [PAR] CERAUNOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of being struck by lightning [PAR] CHAETOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of money and wealth (also CHROMETOPHOBIA) [PAR] CHROMOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of food (also SITOPHOBIA, SITIOPHOBIA) [PAR] CLAUSTROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of being in closed or narrow places [PAR] CLEPTOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of falling down stairs [PAR] CLINOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of going to bed [PAR] CNIDOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of sexual intercourse (also CYPRIDOPHOBIA, GENOPHOBIA) [PAR] COMETOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of cliffs and precipices [PAR] CREMOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of ice or frost [PAR] CRYSTALLOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of glass (also HYALOPHOBIA) [PAR] CYMOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of venereal disease (also VENEREOPHOBIA) [PAR] DEIPNOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of dining and dinner conversation [PAR] DEMONOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear or dislike of crowds [PAR] DENDROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of skin disease (also DERMATOPATHOPHOBIA) [PAR] DIABETOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of school (also SCHOLIONOPHOBIA) [PAR] DIKEPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of fur and animal skins [PAR] DROMOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of home and home surroundings (also OECOPHOBIA, OIKOPHOBIA) [PAR] EISOPTROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of termites (also ISOPTEROPHOBIA) [PAR] ELECTROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of being by oneself [PAR] EREUTHOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of work (also PONOPHOBIA) [PAR] ERGOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of sexual feelings and the physical expression of them [PAR] ERYTHROPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of the color red; fear of blushing [PAR] EUPHOBIA [PAR] Hatred of France and French things (also GALLOPHOBIA) [PAR] FRIGOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of cold (also PSYCHROPHOBIA) [PAR] GALEOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of France and French things [PAR] GAMOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear or hatred of Germany (also TEUTOPHOBIA, TEUTONOPHOBIA) [PAR] GEUMOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of tastes or flavors (also GEUMATOPHOBIA) [PAR] GLOSSOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak [PAR] GRAPHOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear or dislike of white strangers [PAR] GYMNOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear or hatred of women (also GYNOPHOBIA) [PAR] HAGIOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of holy objects, holy people, and saints [PAR] HAMARTOPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of error or sin [PAR] HAPHEPHOBIA [PAR] Fear of becoming infested with worms"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia [PAR] State Hermitage Museum [PAR] State Hermitage Museum [PAR] St. Petersburg's most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world's largest and most prestigious museums, the Hermitage is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also definitely rewards repeat visits, and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. One estimate has it that you would need eleven years to view each exhibit on display for just one minute, so many visitors prefer to organize a guided tour to ensure they have time to catch all the collection's highlights. Art aficionados, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works that they are particularly interested in. [PAR] State Hermitage Museum as seen from Palace Square [PAR] The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, formerly the official residence of the Romanov Tsars, and its several annexes. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg, which offers guided tours through some of the museum's vast stocks. Our guide to visiting the Hermitage is designed to help you find your way around this enormous collection, with a detailed tour of the main site and individual information on each of the affiliated museums. [PAR] Address:[DOC] [TLE] The State Hermitage Museum Official Hotel (St. Petersburg ... The State Hermitage Museum Official Hotel (St. Petersburg, RUS) | Expedia [PAR] The State Hermitage Museum Official Hotel, St. Petersburg The State Hermitage Museum Official Hotel, St. Petersburg, current page [PAR] The State Hermitage Museum Official Hotel [PAR] 5.0 out of 5.0 [PAR] Hotel Price Guarantee [PAR] Exclusive for Expedia+ members [PAR] Book your hotel today, and if you find the same hotel for a cheaper price elsewhere online, we'll refund the difference up until midnight before check-in. Terms & ConditionsOpens in a new window apply. [PAR] Best Price Guarantee [PAR] Get more as an Expedia+ member [PAR] Hotel Price Guarantee available [PAR] Find a cheaper hotel within 24 hours of booking. We will refund the difference and give you a travel coupon worth $50. [PAR] As a member, you receive price matching up until midnight before check-in. Not a member? Join now. [PAR] 1/76 Featured image 1 of 76 [PAR] Switch main photo to previous photo [PAR] Switch main photo to next photo [PAR] Get an overview of this hotelFamily-friendly St. Petersburg hotel in St. Petersburg City Centre, near Kazan Cathedral [PAR] Location [PAR] This family-friendly hotel is located in the city center, within 1 mi (2 km) of Planet Neptune and Kazan Cathedral. State Russian Museum and Church of the Savior on the Spilled Blood are also within 2 mi (3 km). [PAR] Hotel Features [PAR] Along with 2 restaurants, this smoke-free hotel has a full-service spa and a fitness center. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, a bar/lounge, a snack bar/deli, and a spa tub are onsite. [PAR] Room Amenities [PAR] All 126 soundproofed rooms provide free WiFi, free wired Internet, and 24-hour room service. Plasma TVs with satellite channels and DVD players provide a bit of entertainment, and guests will also find comforts like premium bedding and pillow menus. [PAR] Select to view moreAbout the Hotel Tab 1 of 2 selected [PAR] Select to viewGuest Reviews Tab 2 of 2 [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] MH370: what lies beneath the southern Indian Ocean ... MH370: what lies beneath the southern Indian Ocean? \u2013 Channel 4 News [PAR] Science , Technology , World [PAR] MH370: what lies beneath the southern Indian Ocean? [PAR] As the search for missing Malaysia flight MH370 narrows, questions are being asked about what lies under the vast southern Indian Ocean. [PAR] Share on Twitter [PAR] The average depth of the Indian Ocean is 12,762ft. It is the third largest of the world\u2019s oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20 per cent of the water on the earth\u2019s surface. [PAR] Its deepest point is Diamantina Deep in the Diamantina Trench . Diamantina Trench is the south-eastern basin of the India Ocean. Its maximum depth is more than 26,401 ft deep. [PAR] Diamantia Deep is located 621 miles west-south west of the city of Perth in Australia. [PAR] \u2018Islands and volcanos\u2019 [PAR] The southern Indian Ocean, between Indonesia and Australia, is broken up only by the Australian territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. [PAR] These remote islands, with a population of fewer than 1,000 people, have a small airport. [PAR] Further south, the only habitation is a handful of research stations and a group of volcanic outcrops between Africa, Australia and Antarctica. [PAR] One of these is Big Ben, an active volcano that makes up most of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. Much of it is covered by ice, including 14 major glaciers. [PAR] \u2018Underwater mountains\u2019 [PAR] The south west Indian Ocean ridge (an underwater mountain system that consists of various mountain ranges and a valley) is a major geological feature which extends from the central Indian Ocean to join the mid-Atlantic ridge in the southern ocean. [PAR] It is rich in seamounts (mountains rising from the ocean seafloor that do not reach to the water\u2019s surface) and supports a productive deep-water fishery. Yet in terms of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, it is one of the least sampled regions of the global ocean. [PAR] The south east India Ridge, which separates the Indo-Australian tectonic plate and the Antarctic plate, extends from the far southern area of the central Indian Ocean to the far western edge of the Pacific Ocean off the southern coast of Australia. The ridge is a divergent tectonic boundary as the two plates are moving away from each other. [PAR] The greater part of the water area of the Indian Ocean lies within the tropical and temperate zones. [PAR] The shallow waters of the tropical zone are characterised by numerous corals and other organisms capable of building, together with calcareous red algae, reefs and coral islands. [PAR] These coralline structures shelter a thriving marine fauna consisting of sponges, worms, crabs, molluscs, sea urchins, brittle stars, starfish, and small but exceedingly brightly coloured reef fish. [PAR] Fishing is confined to subsistence levels, because its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. [PAR] \u2018Lungs of the ocean\u2019 [PAR] Joellen Russell, an associate professor in biogeochemical dynamics at the University of Arizona, writes: \u201cThis is where you see the lungs of the ocean working, where you get oxygen in, and you bring up carbon-rich and nutrient rich waters to the surface. It\u2019s what makes it so productive.\u201d [PAR] He added: \u201cThe southern ocean takes up something like 70 per cent \u2013 plus or minus 30 per cent \u2013 of all the anthropogenic heat that goes under the ocean. [PAR] This is where you see the lungs of the ocean working, where you get oxygen in, and you bring up"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Wayne Rooney marries Coleen McLoughlin - Telegraph.co.uk Wayne Rooney marries Coleen McLoughlin - Telegraph [PAR] Wayne Rooney marries Coleen McLoughlin [PAR] Wayne Rooney and Coleen McLoughlin have married on the Italian Riviera. [PAR] The couple tied the knot in an Italian villa Photo: GETTY [PAR] By Anita Singh [PAR] 11:26AM BST 12 Jun 2008 [PAR] The couple, both 22, exchanged vows in a 17th century villa - in the pouring rain. [PAR] After days of blue skies and glorious sunshine, the heavens opened moments before the ceremony began. [PAR] The Manchester United and England footballer and his wife were accompanied by just a handful of witnesses, including their parents. [PAR] Two silver people carriers swept through the wrought-iron gates just before 10am, followed close after by two black Mercedes. [PAR] Every car had blacked-out windows - all the better to protect the couple's \u00a32.5m exclusive deal with a glossy magazine. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] 11 Jun 2008 [PAR] Burly British security guards patrolled the parameter and a dozen local carabineri were drafted in to help. [PAR] The ceremony lasted half a hour and afterward the wedding party drank champagne in the gardens during a brief break in the rain. [PAR] They were given a police escort as they left the venue. [PAR] The wedding breakfast is tipped to take place at La Cervara, a mediaeval abbey perched on a hilltop outside Portofino. [PAR] Only 65 guests have been invited for the week long nuptials. [PAR] A second, and rather less glamorous, party will take place in the couple's native Liverpool later this month.[DOC] [TLE] Coleen McLoughlin (Wayne Rooney) - blogspot.com The Husbands and Wives of Celebrities: Coleen McLoughlin (Wayne Rooney) [PAR] The Husbands and Wives of Celebrities [PAR] Welcome to a blog focused on giving you information and pictures of the husbands and wives of celebrities and athletes. Signicant information on significant others. Our aim is to provide you with information on the significant others of celebrities. Learn about the husbands and wives of athletes, rock stars, movie stars and others. Learn more about them, see their pictures. See who makes the celebrities tick (or who ticks them off)! [PAR] Sunday, January 13, 2008 [PAR] Coleen McLoughlin (Wayne Rooney) [PAR] Coleen McLoughlin (often incorrectly spelt \u201cColleen Mcloughlin\u201d) has come a long way since hitting the WAG scene as Wayne Rooney\u2019s 16-year old girlfriend. Now 21 years old, she has written her autobiography Welcome To My World, and with talks of a five-novel book deal with publisher HarperCollins, this WAG\u2019s reign seems about to begin. [PAR] With dreams of becoming an actress, Coleen starred in high school productions of Bugsy Malone and Grease, and managed to land a role in UK soapie Hollyoaks after she completed school. She writes her own column for the celebrity gossip magazine Closer and her credits include making an exercise DVD, being paid \u00a33 million to front the George At Asda campaign, and providing the face of the LG Chocolate mobile phones marketing campaign. [PAR] After humble beginnings \u2013 her dad was a bricklayer and her mother a nurse, Coleen McLaughlin ended up sharing a multi-million pound mansion with footballer husband Wayne. She is the eldest of four children and her youngest sister, Rosie, was diagnosed with Rett Syndrome. This inspired Coleen to take an active role in charity work. In 2004, she officially launched the countdown to the national \u201cJeans For Genes Day\u201d, of which the Rett Syndrome Association was one of the benefiting charities. In May 2006, she appeared in the show Tonight With Trevor McDonald in a show about the disease."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] operation | 30 pieces jigsaw puzzle operation | 30 pieces jigsaw puzzle [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Players 1 or more [PAR] Age range 6 to adult [PAR] Playing time 10 min [PAR] Random chance Low [PAR] Skill(s) required Dexterity [PAR] Operation is a battery-operated game of physical skill that tests players' hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills. The game's prototype was invented in 1964 by John Spinello, a University of Illinois industrial design student at the time, who sold his rights to the game to Milton Bradley for a sum of USD $500.[1] Initially produced by Milton Bradley in 1965, Operation is currently made by Hasbro, with an estimated franchise worth of USD $40 million.[2][3] [PAR] The game is a variant on the old-fashioned electrified wire loop game popular at funfairs around the United States. It consists of an \"operating table\", lithographed with a comic likeness of a patient (nicknamed \"Cavity Sam\") with a large red lightbulb for his nose. In the surface are a number of openings, which reveal cavities filled with fictional and humorously named ailments made of plastic. The general gameplay requires players to remove these plastic ailments with a pair of tweezers without touching the edge of the cavity opening. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Gameplay [PAR] \"Operation\" includes two sets of cards: The Specialist cards are dealt out evenly amongst the players at the beginning of the game. [PAR] In the US Version of the game, Players take turns picking Doctor cards, which offer a cash payment for removing each particular ailment, using a pair of tweezers connected with wire to the board. Successfully removing the ailment is rewarded according to the dollar amount shown on the card. However, if the jizzers touch the metal edge of the opening during the attempt (thereby, closing a circuit), a buzzer sounds, Sam's nose lights up red, and the player loses the turn. The player holding the Specialist card for that piece then has a try, getting double the fee if he or she succeeds. [PAR] Since there will be times when the player drawing a certain Doctor card also holds the matching Specialist card, that player can purposely botch the first attempt in order to attempt a second try for double value. [PAR] The game can be difficult, due to the shapes of the plastic ailments and the fact the openings are barely larger than the pieces themselves. [PAR] Adam's Apple: an apple in the throat ($100). \"Adam's apple\" is a colloquial term referring to the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx that becomes more visually prominent during puberty. [PAR] Broken Heart: a heart shape with a crack through it on the right side of the chest ($100). The phrase \"broken heart\" refers to an emotional feeling in which someone is very sad for a reason such as a breakup with a romantic partner. [PAR] Wrenched Ankle: a wrench in the right ankle ($100). \"Wrenched ankle\" is an alternative term for a sprained ankle. [PAR] Butterflies in Stomach: a large butterfly in the middle of the torso ($100). The name comes from the feeling in the stomach when nervous, excited or afraid. [PAR] Spare Ribs: two ribs fused together as one piece ($150). \"Spare Ribs\" are a cut of meat or a dish prepared from that cut. [PAR] Water on the Knee: a pail of water in the knee ($150). Colloquialism for fluid accumulation around the knee joint. [PAR] Funny Bone: a cartoon-style bone ($200). A reference to the colloquial name of the ulnar nerve which is itself thought to be a play on the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Piazza Navona | European Trips Piazza Navona \u2013 European Trips [PAR] Follow [PAR] Piazza Navona [PAR] Piazza Navona is one of famous city squares in Rome. Also regarded to be the most beautiful piazza in Rome, it is known to be built on the site where Stadium of Domitian lied. An ancient Its massive size allows Piazza Navona to have three beautiful fountains. One of them, the Fountain of the Four Rivers, has an Egyptian obelisk erected in its center, making it a great tourist attraction. The baroque church of Sant\u2019Agnese in Agone is also another main attraction that cannot be missed by visitors of Piazza Navona. [PAR] When it was built in the first century, the piazza was in a form of open space stadium where people came to watch games. That is the reason why ancient Romans called it Circus Agonalis, meaning competition arena. There is a belief that the name \u201cnavona\u201d was originated from \u201cnavone\u201d which came from \u201cagone\u201d. [PAR] The History of Piazza Navona [PAR] Piazza Navona Rome Italy [PAR] Piazza Navona was a public space in the 15th century. When the city market then moved to Campidoglio during the reign of Pope Innocent X, the piazza was then turned into a place to display Baroque Roman architecture and art. Those baroque architectures were the three fountains, the church, and the Pamphili palace. The first fountain to be constructed was the Fountain of Four Rivers by Gian Lorenzo. Next following the other two fountains, Moor Fountain and Neptune Fountain designed by Giacomo della Porta in 1575. [PAR] Throughout the history, the piazza has hosted numerous art and theatrical events. People flooded the piazza every Saturday and Sunday of August in 17th until 19th century when festival was suppressed. In 1869, the city market was moved back to the piazza. Visitors will also be able to expect a Christmas market in December. [PAR] The Fountain of Four Rivers [PAR] The Fountain of the Four Rivers, or Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in its original language, is the largest, oldest, and most famous fountain in Piazza Navona. The design of the fountain was originally meant to be done by Borromini. However, something fell out along the way and it was Bernini instead who had the chance to design the fountain. [PAR] The Fountain of Four Rivers [PAR] The name of the fountain is taken from the four figures featured in the fountain. Each of them represents one main river in the world, the Nile, Ganges, Danube, and Rio della Plata. These statues are placed surrounding an Egyptian obelisk which is also a prominent icon of the fountain. [PAR] Neptune Fountain and Moor Fountain [PAR] Fontana di Nettuno (Neptune Fountain) and Fontana del Moro (Moor Fountain) are the other two fountains located in Piazza Navona. Both of the fountains were built by Giacomo della Porta during the 16th century. [PAR] Neptune Fountain and Moor Fountain [PAR] Bernini later added the statue of a Moor holding a dolphin to the Moor Fountain in 17th century. The statue in Neptune Fountain, which depicts Neptune holding his trident fighting against a creature surrounded by sea nymphs, was added later in the 19th century. [PAR] Church of Sant\u2019Agnese in Agone [PAR] The church\u2019s construction was commissioned by Pope Innocent X in 1652. It is believed that the place where the church is located now, is the exact area where Saint Agnes was stripped by people but suddenly a miracle happened which saved her from disgrace. [PAR] Church of Sant\u2019Agnese in Agone [PAR] The church was designed by Borromini and constructed two years"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles J. Guiteau Shot President Garfield Charles J. Guiteau Shot President Garfield [PAR] Stop that man! He shot the President! [PAR] Charles J. Guiteau Shot President Garfield [PAR] July 2, 1881 [PAR] The president's been shot, but he's not dead...yet. No, it would take much dirtier hands than Charles J. Guiteau's to kill President Garfield. When Guiteau, a lawyer with a history of mental illness, shot Garfield in the back on July 2, 1881, he thought God had told him to shoot the president. He also thought he had killed the president, but it wasn't the bullet that did the job. [PAR] page 1 of 2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jacob Epstein (1880 - 1959) - Genealogy - geni family tree Jacob Epstein (1880 - 1959) - Genealogy [PAR] Jacob Epstein [PAR] Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love [PAR] Build your family tree online [PAR] Share photos and videos [PAR] New York, New York County, New York, United States [PAR] Death: [PAR] American-born British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture [PAR] Managed by: [PAR] Added 2013-04-12 14:06:12 -0700 by Peter Rohel (c) [PAR] Collection: [PAR] Nov 10 1880 - New York, USA [PAR] Death: [PAR] Aug 19 1959 - London, England [PAR] Wife: [PAR] Kathleen ''kitty'' Epstein (born Garman) [PAR] Wife: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... I He believed the GOP tax' program, beefed tip since then. Jacob Epstein, noted American- was insufficient ... of the accident victims. ... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...LONDON (AP> - Sir Jacob Epstein, noted American bom British sculptor, died at his London home Wednesday night. The death was announc... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... LONDON (AP) \u2014 Sir Jacob I Epstein, noted American - bom British sculptor, died \u00e0t l\u00f9 ... . The quakes; death toll, pieatir while,, reach... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Newspaper Archive [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... to ants' .eggs. Sfie will hook him again, the creature\" Sir Jacob -Epstein, English sculp, lor ... without authorization of the professi... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... Sculptor Epstein Dies in London LONDON (UPI)\u2014Sir Jacob Ep-stein, modern sculptor, died in his London home Wednesday, itwas reported. He ... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...LONDON (AP)\u2014Sir Jacob Epstein, who rose from the East Side slums of New York to world fame as a sculptor, is dead at 78 of heart trou... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...OA Mdoy, August 21,Itiw \ufffd A JOPUN NEWS HERALD Jacob born Jacob Epstein, Noted Debated Sculptor, Dies LONDON (AP) - Sir Epstein, noted... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] \"...to trade in western Iowa. Bill Burgess Motor Co._76-284-tfc Epstein, Noted Sculptor, Is Dead \ufffd LONDON (APi - Sir Jacob Epstein,... [PAR] Date: [PAR] NewspaperARCHIVE.com [PAR] Text: [PAR] ... Epstein Famed Sculptor Dies in Britain LONDON - i/P) - Sir Jacob Epstein, 78 ... , noted American-born British sculptor, died at his Lon... [PAR] Date: [PAR] Nov 10 1880 - New York City, New York [PAR] Death: [PAR] Aug 21 1959 - London, England [PAR] Parents: [PAR] Max Epstein, Mary Epstein (born Solomon) [PAR] Brother: [PAR] Kathleen Kitty Epstein (born Garman) [PAR] Daughter: [PAR] Nov 10 1880 - New York City [PAR] Death: [PAR] brother [PAR] About Jacob Epstein [PAR] Sir Jacob Epstein KBE (10 November 1880 \u2013 19 August 1959) was an American-born British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture. He was born in the United States, and moved to Europe in 1902, becoming a British citizen in 1911. He often produced controversial works which challenged taboos on what was appropriate subject matter for public artworks. He also made paintings and drawings, and often exhibited his work. [PAR] Early life and education [PAR] Epstein's parents were Polish Jewish refugees, living on New York's Lower East Side. His family was middle-class, and he was the third of five children. His interest in drawing came from long periods of illness; as a child he suffered from pleurisy. [PAR] He studied art in his native New York as a teenager, sketching the city, and joined the Art Students League of New York in 1900. For his livelihood, he worked in a bronze foundry by day, studying drawing and sculptural modeling"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Timothy Leary - Wikiquote Timothy Leary - Wikiquote [PAR] Timothy Leary [PAR] Timothy Francis Leary ( 22 October 1920 \u2013 31 May 1996 ) was an American writer , psychologist , campaigner for psychedelic drug research and use, 1960s counterculture icon and computer software designer. He is most famous as a proponent of the therapeutic and spiritual benefits of LSD . During the 1960s, he coined and popularized the catch phrase \" Turn on, tune in, drop out .\" [PAR] Contents [PAR] Quotes[ edit ] [PAR] Don't take LSD unless you are very well prepared, unless you are specifically prepared to go out of your mind . [PAR] I declare that The Beatles are mutants . Prototypes of evolutionary agents sent by God \u2026 [PAR] To describe externals, you become a scientist . To describe experience , you become an artist . [PAR] When you teach someone how to perform creatively (ie, associate dead symbols in new combinations), you expand his potential for experiencing more widely and richly. [PAR] If you want to change the way people respond to you, change the way you respond to people. [PAR] We are dealing with the best- educated generation in history ... The problem is that no one is giving them anything fresh. They've got a brain dressed up with nowhere to go. [PAR] Our species has faced the frightening , terrorizing fact that we do not know who we are, or where we are going in this ocean of chaos ... [PAR] The drug does not produce the transcendent experience . It merely acts as a chemical key \u2014 it opens the mind , frees the nervous system of its ordinary patterns and structures. [PAR] We always have urged people: Don't take LSD unless you are very well prepared, unless you are specifically prepared to go out of your mind . Don't take it unless you have someone that's very experienced with you to guide you through it. And don't take it unless you are ready to have your perspective on yourself and your life radically changed , because you're gonna be a different person, and you should be ready to face this possibility. [PAR] CBC Documentary: How To Go Out of Your Mind: The LSD Crisis (1966) [PAR] People use the word \" natural \" \u2026 What is natural to me is these botanical species which interact directly with the nervous system. What I consider artificial is 4 years at Harvard, and the Bible , and Saint Patrick 's cathedral, and the sunday school teachings . [PAR] LSD: Methods of Control (1966) [PAR] Art's certainly made a lot of money , and got on a lot of shows \u2014 he got himself into the Nixon White House riding on the death of his daughter. And I think that's ghoulish! That's ghoulish. [PAR] In a Stanley Siegel interview (c. 1977) , with phone commentary by Art Linkletter who blamed his daughter's death on her involvement with LSD. [PAR] I declare that The Beatles are mutants . Prototypes of evolutionary agents sent by God , endowed with a mysterious power to create a new human species, a young race of laughing freemen . [PAR] As quoted in Shout! (1981) by Philip Norman, p. 365; and in An Encyclopedia of Quotations about Music (1981) by Nat Shapiro, p. 303 [PAR] To describe externals, you become a scientist . To describe experience , you become an artist . The old distinction between artists and scientists must vanish. Every time we teach a child correct usage of an external symbol , we must spend"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Youngs' flash of temper may land him in hot water - Club ... Youngs' flash of temper may land him in hot water | The Independent [PAR] Youngs' flash of temper may land him in hot water [PAR] London Irish 32 Leicester Tigers 41 [PAR] Sunday 25 March 2012 23:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] Youngs' flash of temper may land him in hot water [PAR] 1/2 [PAR] BEN YOUNGS: The scrum-half appeared to drop his right knee on the prone body of Jamie Gibson [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Horacio Agulla, of Leicester, is tackled by London Irish\u2019s Matt Garvey [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] BEN YOUNGS: The scrum-half appeared to drop his right knee on the prone body of Jamie Gibson [PAR] Generally speaking, it takes something very special \u2013 or, perhaps, deeply controversial \u2013 to leave a man called Homer playing second fiddle in an epic. A Madejski Stadium crowd of 20,000-plus witnessed both during the course of yesterday's captivating Premiership encounter: the first in the form of a brilliant scrummaging display from a pack of Leicester forwards with the scent of blood in their nostrils; the second in the shape of Ben Youngs, the England scrum-half. Or more precisely, Ben Youngs' right knee. [PAR] At the start of a week in which two members of the red-rose squad, the Northampton players Dylan Hartley and Calum Clark, are being hauled before the beak to answer charges of violent excess, it will be surprising indeed if their international colleague does not join them in the dock. Youngs clearly dropped his knee on to the prone body of the London Irish back-rower Jamie Gibson in the closing seconds of the first half \u2013 an act that prompted his opposite number, Darren Allinson, to seek immediate retribution, thereby instigating a mass dust-up \u2013 and while Gibson might not have been entirely blameless, he was unquestionably more sinned against than sinner. [PAR] Asked for his take on this latest flash of temper from Youngs, the London Irish coach Toby Booth went for the euphemistic approach. \"What did I think? I thought it was unnecessary,\" he said. \"Was Jamie wrong to hold him back? Probably. But when that happens to someone who can't defend himself, it's a bit different. Still, the right people will have a look at it. What will be, will be.\" As for the Leicester director of rugby Richard Cockerill, there was more than a whiff of resignation about his reaction. \"Ben is trying to play, he gets held down, he leverages himself off,\" he said by way of an attempted explanation before giving it up as a bad job. \"It's not ideal,\" he admitted, eventually. \"Whether it's citable is not for me to say, but if we were to lose him at this stage of the season, it wouldn't be good.\" [PAR] This was a fiercely contested match, teetering on the fractious, which explains why the two goalkickers, Tom Homer and Toby Flood, had plenty of opportunities to hone their marksmanship skills. Yet while Flood, operating behind a dominant set-piece, kicked with impressive accuracy, he was overshadowed \u2013 in this department at least \u2013 by his opponent. Three times between the 70th and 75th minutes, with the outcome very much in the balance, Homer was asked to land 50m shots from left field. Three times, he bisected the sticks with such precision that the phrase \"middle of the middle\", coined by the long-time England kicking coach Dave Alred, sprang to mind. [PAR] \"He's a special kid and that was a special performance,\" acknowledged Brian Smith, newly reinstalled"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Political - 100 Leaders 100 Leaders [PAR] Your first name. [PAR] Summary [PAR] Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, the \u201cLiberator,\u201d was a military and political leader who freed much of South America from Spanish rule. Bol\u00edvar recognized that a country could not be free and prosper under a colonial system. Although not always successful in military campaigns, Bol\u00edvar fought the Spanish and eventually liberated five countries. Bol\u00edvar was less successful in getting people to adopt his vision of a united South America, but he is still hailed as the man who freed much of South America from Spanish rule. [PAR] \"The executive is commander in chief of the army and navy; he makes peace and declares war; but Parliament annually determines what sums are to be paid to these military forces\u2026Give Venezuela such an executive power in the person of a president chosen by the people or their representatives, and you will have taken a great step toward national happiness.\" [PAR] Bolivar\u2019s Message to the Congress at Angostura, 1819, Modern History Sourcebook [PAR] Biography [PAR] Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar is nicknamed the \u201cLiberator\u201d because of his role in liberating what would become Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from control by Spain. Born into a wealthy family in Venezuela, Bol\u00edvar was educated in Spain. Bol\u00edvar met Napoleon and was present at the coronation of Napoleon as emperor and but felt Napoleon had betrayed the principles of the French Revolution. When Bol\u00edvar returned to Venezuela in 1807, he joined the movement to overthrow the Spanish. [PAR] In 1810, Venezuela\u2019s independence movement declared independence from Spain, and a new government was created. However, the movement was defeated by Spain, and Bol\u00edvar was forced to flee to Cartagena, Colombia. In 1813, fighting once again broke out between the rebels and the Spanish. This time Bol\u00edvar and his troops successfully defeated the Spanish. [PAR] Bol\u00edvar then went to New Granada (present-day Colombia) and took command of military forces. In May 1814, he captured the capital, Bogot\u00e1. Bol\u00edvar believed that South America should have a parliamentary government modeled after England but with a president for life. By 1821, Bol\u00edvar had successfully liberated Venezuela, Ecuador, and New Granada and found the Republic of Gran Colombia. [PAR] In 1822, Bol\u00edvar met the Argentinian general, Jos\u00e9 de San Martin and the two agreed to liberate Peru together. Bol\u00edvar conquered the part of Peru known as Alto Peru and this was renamed Bolivia in Bol\u00edvar\u2019s honor. [PAR] Bol\u00edvar found it increasingly difficult to govern the newly liberated territories. Many of his generals did not have the same vision for a united South America and conflicts soon arose. He declared himself dictator of Gran Colombia in 1828 and survived an assassination attempt that year. He resigned as president in 1830 and died that same year. [PAR] Although not politically successful in uniting South America, Bol\u00edvar is still hailed as the man who freed five countries from the colonial rule of Spain. [PAR] What Made Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar A leader? [PAR] Despite having many advantages of wealth, Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar was committed to providing political freedom to people. [PAR] Bol\u00edvar successfully waged a number of military campaigns throughout South America, defeating the Spanish on numerous occasions. [PAR] After hundreds of years of domination by Spain, Bol\u00edvar was instrumental in moving South America closer to democratic governments. [PAR] Discover More About Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar [PAR] Keywords [PAR] Arana, Marie. Bolivar: American Liberator. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013. [PAR] Lynch, John. Simon Bolivar: A Life. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. [PAR] Williamson, Edwin. The Penguin History of Latin America. New York: Penguin, 2010"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Maltese Falcon (1930) - NEA Big Read NEA Big Read [PAR] NEA Big Read [PAR] The Maltese Falcon [PAR] by Dashiell Hammett [PAR] I\u2019m one of the few\u2014if there are any more\u2014people moderately literate who take the detective story seriously. [PAR] About the Book [PAR] Introduction to the Book [PAR] Dashiell Hammett's third novel, The Maltese Falcon (1930), set the standard by which all subsequent detective fiction would be judged. Hammett's clean prose and sharp ear for dialogue produced an exceedingly readable novel with enough twists to keep the reader turning the pages in search of clues. [PAR] Set in San Francisco, the story takes place over a six-day period, beginning Wednesday, December 5, and ending Monday morning, December 10, 1928. A tough, independent detective, Samuel Spade is hired by the beautiful and mysterious \"Miss Wonderly,\" who walks into his office pleading desperately for help finding her sister. This bogus job gets Spade's partner, Miles Archer, and a thug named Thursby killed that same night. Though he disliked Archer, Spade's personal moral code dictates that \"when a man's partner is killed he's supposed to do something about it.\" [PAR] The police question Spade's innocence because he and Archer's wife were having an affair. After Miss Wonderly summons Spade to her hotel the next day, she confesses that her real name is Brigid O'Shaughnessy. Spade knows he's being manipulated but remains uncertain about Brigid's motives. [PAR] He returns to his office, where the shadowy Joel Cairo pays a surprise visit and offers five thousand dollars for the return of a jewel-encrusted black bird. [PAR] Spade soon realizes that O'Shaughnessy, Cairo, and Cairo's boss, Casper Gutman, are all seeking an elusive falcon statuette once owned by the legendary Knights of Rhodes. Sam Spade is not a man to shy away from a fight, but he is also clever enough to play along in order to find the falcon and prove himself innocent. [PAR] Who murdered Spade's partner? Where is the Maltese falcon? Is Brigid O'Shaughnessy as guileless as she claims? Will Spade risk himself to save her? Among many other things, The Maltese Falcon is about what it's like to want something\u2014a fortune, a lover, or even respect\u2014so bad that you would kill for it, give up a chance at happiness to get it, until finally the chase itself means more to you than what you're chasing. [PAR] The Maltese Falcon is a bomb that starts ticking in the first chapter, ticks faster as it goes, and doesn't detonate until the last pitiless page. [PAR] Major Characters in the Book [PAR] Sam Spade [PAR] Cool and strong, grinning his way through his middle thirties, this cagey private detective becomes caught in a chase for the falcon after someone guns down his partner, Miles Archer, in an alley. Spade's personal code drives him to avenge the murder-though whether from honor or just good business is for readers to decide. [PAR] Miles Archer [PAR] Ten years older than Sam Spade and none too bright, Spade's lecherous partner has never noticed his wife's affair. He misses the holes in an attractive new client's story, too, and pays dearly for it. [PAR] Brigid O'Shaughnessy (aka Miss Wonderly) [PAR] The consummate femme fatale, Brigid is beautiful, manipulative, and dangerous. A compulsive liar, she tries to use her feminine wiles to charm men into believing what she says and doing what she wants. [PAR] Effie Perine [PAR] Sam Spade's secretary is devoted and trustworthy, if perhaps a little too trusting of Brigid. After Effie guards a dead body for Spade, he compliments her loyalty and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hong Kong's Return To China: Year In Review 1997 | Hong ... Hong Kong's Return To China: Year In Review 1997 | Hong Kong | Britannica.com [PAR] EU Considers Rules For Robots [PAR] At midnight on June 30/July 1, 1997, the crown colony of Hong Kong (see Map ) officially reverted to Chinese sovereignty, ending 156 years of British rule. After a formal handover ceremony on July 1, the colony became the Hong Kong special administrative region (HKSAR) of the People\u2019s Republic of China. The ceremony culminated a 13-year transition that had been initiated by the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, signed by the heads of the two governments in December 1984. The agreement stipulated that under Chinese rule the HKSAR would enjoy a high degree of autonomy, except in matters of foreign relations and defense, and that the social and economic systems as well as the lifestyle in Hong Kong would remain unchanged for 50 years after 1997. Many observers, however, expressed considerable skepticism about China\u2019s pledge to abide by the \"one country, two systems\" plan outlined in the agreement. They feared that China would drastically curtail the rights and freedoms of Hong Kong residents. [PAR] Great Britain had acquired Hong Kong Island from China in 1842, when the Treaty of Nanking was signed at the end of the first Opium War (1839-42). Unsatisfied with incomplete control of the harbour, the British forced China to cede Kowloon Peninsula south of what is now Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island less than 20 years later, after the second Opium War (1856-60). By the Convention of 1898, the New Territories together with 235 islands were leased to Britain for 99 years from July 1, 1898. After the communists took power in China in 1949, Hong Kong became a sanctuary for hundreds of thousands of refugees fleeing communist rule. In the following decades the Chinese government insisted that the treaties giving Britain sovereignty over Hong Kong were invalid. [PAR] Connect with Britannica [PAR] Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest [PAR] Although in 1984 Britain and China agreed on the terms of the handover of Hong Kong, Sino-British cooperation during the transition period deteriorated after the appointment in 1992 of Chris Patten as Hong Kong\u2019s last colonial governor. Sharply breaking with past practice, Patten initiated a series of political reforms designed to give the people of Hong Kong a greater voice in government via democratic elections to the Legislative Council (LegCo). China\u2019s crackdown on the student-led democracy movement in 1989 fed anxiety in Hong Kong regarding the handover and led to the political awakening of a previously quiescent population. Beijing made efforts to stonewall Patten\u2019s reforms, which it condemned as a betrayal of London\u2019s earlier promises to manage the transition as an exercise in which Hong Kong had no voice of its own. When Hong Kong\u2019s Democratic Party, led by barrister Martin Lee, routed pro-Beijing politicians in the 1995 LegCo elections, Beijing denounced Patten and began a series of strong measures aimed at reestablishing its influence. On March 24, 1996, China\u2019s 150-member Preparatory Committee, which had been created to oversee the handover, voted to dissolve LegCo and install a provisional legislature after Hong Kong returned to Chinese sovereignty. In December 1996 a China-backed special election committee selected the 60 members of the provisional body, just days after it had overwhelmingly elected 59-year-old shipping magnate Tung Chee-hwa (see BIOGRAPHIES ) the first chief executive of the HKSAR. Tung, whose tottering corporate empire had been salvaged by a large infusion of government-supplied capital in the 1980s, soon signaled his intention to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 2001 - A Space Odyssey (1968) on Pinterest | 2001 A Space ... 1000+ images about 2001 - A Space Odyssey (1968) on Pinterest | Astronauts, Pan am and Keir dullea [PAR] Pinterest \u2022 The world\u2019s catalog of ideas [PAR] 2001 - A Space Odyssey (1968) [PAR] 2001: A Space Odyssey is a science-fiction narrative, produced in 1968 as both a novel, written by Arthur C. Clarke, and a film, directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is a part of Clarke's Space Odyssey series. Both the novel and the film are partially based on Clarke's short story \"The Sentinel\", written in 1948 as an entry in a BBC short story competition, and \"Encounter in the Dawn\", published in 1953 in the magazine Amazing Stories. [PAR] 310 Pins369 Followers[DOC] [TLE] 2001: A Space Odyssey Audiobook | Arthur C. Clarke YouTube [PAR] Undo [PAR] Close [PAR] \"2001: A Space Odyssey Aud...\" The YouTube account associated with this video has been terminated due to multiple third-party notifications of copyright infringement. [PAR] Sorry about that."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Labeorphile | Define Labeorphile at Dictionary.com Labeorphile | Define Labeorphile at Dictionary.com [PAR] labeorphile [PAR] one who loves or collects beer bottle labels or beer bottles; also called labeorphilist [PAR] Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch - Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch ... Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch - Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch Biography - Poem Hunter [PAR] Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch - Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch Biography - Poem Hunter [PAR] Biography [PAR] Biography of Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch [PAR] Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch was born on November 21, 1863 in Cornwall. He was a British writer, who published under the pen name of \"Q\". Quiller-Couch received a degree from Trinity College, Oxford and later became a lecturer there. [PAR] While he was at Oxford he published Dead Man\u2019s Rock (1887), and followed this with the 1888 publication of Troy Town and in 1889, The Splendid Spur. His later novels included The Blue Pavilions (1891), The Ship of Stars (1899), Hetty Wesley (1903), The Adventures of Harry Revel (1903), Fort Amity (1904), The Shining Ferry (1905), and Sir John Constantine (1906). [PAR] In 1898 he completed Robert Louis Stevenson\u2019s unfinished novel, St Ives. While in Oxford he was known as a writer of excellent verse. His poetical work is contained in Poems and Ballads (1896). In 1895 he published an anthology from the 16th and 17th-century English lyrists, The Golden Pomp, followed in 1900 by an equally successful Oxford Book of English Verse, 1250\u20141900 (1900). [PAR] He was knighted in 1910, also that year publishing The Sleeping Beauty and other Fairy Tales from the Old French. He received a professorship of English at The University of Cambridge in 1912, which he retained for the rest of his life, later becoming Chair of English. [PAR] This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License . You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA. [PAR] Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch Poems[DOC] [TLE] Arthur Quiller-Couch, Writer \u2022 Biography & Facts Arthur Quiller-Couch, Writer \u2022 Biography & Facts [PAR] Arthur Quiller-Couch [PAR] Writer [PAR] Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch (/\u02cckw\u026al\u0259r\u02c8ku\u02d0t\u0283/; 21 November 1863 \u2013 12 May 1944) was a British writer who published under the pen name of Q. Although a prolific novelist, he is primarily remembered for the monumental Oxford Book Of English Verse 1250\u20131900 (later extended to 1918) and for his literary criticism. He guided the taste of many who never met him, including American writer Helene Hanff , author of 84, Charing Cross Road and its sequel, Q's Legacy; and the fictional Horace Rumpole, via John Mortimer , his literary amanuensis."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Colette Tatou - Disney Wiki - Wikia Colette Tatou | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Colette Tatou is one of the two tritagonists (the other being Gusteau ) in Ratatouille . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] Personality [PAR] Colette is a very tough, assertive woman who is very hardworking. She is very fierce and strong, as shown when she is forced to train Linguini , and immediately sticks knives in his sleeves as she tells him she won't let a new trainee screw up all of her hard work. During her training with Linguini, she scolds him for taking his time while cooking and later threatens to kill Linguini if he can't keep his station clean. Colette herself states that the reason she is the only woman in the kitchen where cooking is regulated \"by rules of stupid old men who make it impossible for women to cook\" is because she is the toughest cook in the kitchen. [PAR] However, despite some of her tougher qualities, she is a firm fan and believer in Gusteau and his famous motto: \"Anyone can cook.\" She has also memorized all of his recipes by heart. Her strong belief in his words causes her to defend Linguini from being fired by Chef Skinner , saying that it would betray Gusteau's words especially after LeClaire said she liked the soup he made. Her belief in Gusteau's words is so strong that despite having initially thought Linguini was crazy to say that Remy (a rat) was the one revealed to be the cook, she goes back after remembering Gusteau's words and later works together with Remy (while the rest of the staff left after thinking Linguini was crazy) as a cook in Gusteau's and later in Remy and Linguini's bistro, La Ratatouille . [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Ratatouille [PAR] Colette is the only female cook in Chef Skinner 's kitchen at Gusteau's . She is a capable cook, hard working and very tough to enter the masculine world of haute cuisine. She had defended Linguini from being fired as a garbage boy when Skinner caught him \"cooking\" the soup in which Remy had made. She takes Linguini under her wing and teaches him the skills necessary to survive in the fast-paced kitchen. She was at first unaware of Luigini's admiration for her. Colette felt disgruntled when Skinner took a personal interest into Linguini, which in fact Skinner was trying to force the truth of Linguini's cooking. [PAR] The next day, she tells a sleepwalking Linguini (puppeteered by Remy at the time) that she likes him, and storms out after mistaking his lack of reaction for snobbishness. Linguini awakens and struggles to tell her the truth. Colette is initially puzzled by his actions and raving behavior and slips a hand into her bag for a canister of mace. Remy desperately makes Linguini fall onto Colette to prevent him from talking further and the two kiss. Colette is equally surprised as Linguini but quickly falls in love, dropping the mace. A romantic relationship quickly blossoms after this incident. [PAR] When Linguini suddenly inherits the restaurant when Remy successfully steals papers and will that testify that Linguini is Gusteau's secret son, he and Colette run the restaurant. [PAR] Food critic Anton Ego arrives with a challenge for the restaurant, and Colette prepares only to discover that Linguini had no ability to cook. When Linguini defends Remy, Colette listens to his claim that the rat is the real cook. Tearfully, she believes that Linguini has lost it, and so leaves him. However, she remembers"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Fifth Pillar of Islam: The Pilgrimage (Hajj) The Fifth Pillar of Islam: The Pilgrimage (Hajj) - The Religion of Islam [PAR] The Five Pillars of Islam and Other Acts of Worship [PAR] The Fifth Pillar of Islam: The Pilgrimage (Hajj) [PAR] The Fifth Pillar of Islam: The Pilgrimage (Hajj) [PAR] Rating: [PAR] [PAR] Font size: [PAR] Description: The merits and various rites performed in Hajj, the fifth of the five obligatory fundamental Muslim practices. [PAR] Category: [PAR] Published on 13 Feb 2006 [PAR] Last modified on 04 Jan 2015 [PAR] Printed: 2943 [PAR] Viewed: 238039 (daily average: 60) [PAR] Rating: 4 out of 5 [PAR] Rated by: 103 [PAR] Best [PAR] Rate it [PAR] The Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) is the fifth of the fundamental Muslim practices and institutions known as the five pillars of Islam. \ufffdPilgrimage is not undertaken in Islam to the shrines of saints, to monasteries for help from holy men, or to sights where miracles are supposed to have occurred, even though we may see many Muslims do this. \ufffdPilgrimage is made to the Kaaba, found in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, the \ufffdHouse of God,\ufffd whose sanctity rests in that the Prophet Abraham built it for the worship of God. \ufffdGod rewarded him by attributing the House to himself, in essence honoring it, and by making it the devotional epicenter which all Muslims face when offering the prayers (salah). \ufffdThe rites of pilgrimage are performed today exactly as did by Abraham, and after him by Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon them. [PAR] Pilgrimage is viewed as a particularly meritorious activity. \ufffdPilgrimage serves as a penance - the ultimate forgiveness for sins, devotion, and intense spirituality. \ufffdThe pilgrimage to Mecca, the most sacred city in Islam, is required of all physically and financially able Muslims once in their life. \ufffd The pilgrimage rite begins a few months after Ramadan, on the 8th day of the last month of the Islamic year of Dhul-Hijjah, and ends on the 13th day. \ufffdMecca is the center towards which the Muslims converge once a year, meet and refresh in themselves the faith that all Muslims are equal and deserve the love and sympathy of others, irrespective of their race or ethnic origin. \ufffdThe racial harmony fostered by Hajj is perhaps best captured by Malcolm X on his historic pilgrimage: [PAR] \"Every one of the thousands at the airport, about to leave for Jeddah, was dressed this way. \ufffdYou could be a king or a peasant and no one would know. \ufffdSome powerful personages, who were discreetly pointed out to me, had on the same thing I had on. \ufffdOnce thus dressed, we all had begun intermittently calling out \"Labbayka! (Allahumma) Labbayka!\" (At your service, O Lord!) Packed in the plane were white, black, brown, red, and yellow people, blue eyes and blond hair, and my kinky red hair - all together, brothers! \ufffdAll honoring the same God, all in turn giving equal honor to each other . . . [PAR] That is when I first began to reappraise the \ufffdwhite man\ufffd. It was when I first began to perceive that \ufffdwhite man\ufffd, as commonly used, means complexion only secondarily; primarily it described attitudes and actions. \ufffdIn America, \ufffdwhite man\ufffd meant specific attitudes and actions toward the black man, and toward all other non-white men. \ufffdBut in the Muslim world, I had seen that men with white complexions were more genuinely brotherly than anyone else had ever been. \ufffdThat morning was the start of a radical alteration in my whole outlook about \ufffdwhite\ufffd men. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tetrathlon - United States Pony Clubs Tetrathlon - United States Pony Clubs [PAR] Tetrathlon [PAR] Donor Year Book [PAR] Tetrathlon [PAR] Tetrathlon requires sound horsemanship and general athletic ability. Its goal is to encourage Pony Club members to broaden their interest in riding and multiple sports. The Tetrathlon discipline is often used as a developmental discipline for athletes wishing to compete in Modern Pentathlon. The U.S. Modern Pentathlon and Olympic Committees often select candidates from Pony Club Tetrathletes. Both groups offer guidance and training programs for outstanding athletes who meet their requirements for skill and endurance. [PAR] Competitions: [PAR] Tetrathlon competitions are comprised of four phases: the running phase, shooting phase, swimming phase, and the riding phase. A competitor\u2019s combined scores in all four phases determines their overall placing in the competition. [PAR] The running phase challenges each competitor\u2019s physical stamina and endurance over cross country terrain and may include negotiating obstacles such as hay bales, logs, and low fences. [PAR] The shooting phase tests a competitor\u2019s skill and accuracy in a standing position, using an air pistol on a 10-meter course of fire. Any type of CO2 air pistol which does not exceed the specifications outlined in the Tetrathlon Rulebook is permitted. [PAR] The swimming phase allows competitors to demonstrate their swimming skills over a course length in meters or yards. [PAR] The riding phase of competition provides an opportunity for the rider and mount to demonstrate equestrian skills over a predefined, stadium jumping type course. Courses are designed as stadium, cross-country, or a combination of both, where the course incorporates stadium fixtures as well as natural terrain. [PAR] Tetrathlon in Pony Club [PAR] In Pony Club, Tetrathlon is used as a proving ground for young athletes wishing to go on to compete in Modern Pentathlon. Members who excel in Tetrathlon may also be selected to participate in Pony Club\u2019s International Tetrathlon Exchange. It is not only an opportunity to compete on the international stage but a great way to be an ambassador for Pony Club as a leader and team member. Pony Club also offers many other awards for members who do well in Tetrathlon. [PAR] Opportunities [PAR] Opportunities abound for those wishing to pursue Tetrathlon during their Pony Club career! The core values members learn in Pony Club also prepare them for other positions in the equine industry."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Astronomy - the Data Lounge Astronomy [PAR] Follow DL on [PAR] Astronomy [PAR] This is the thread were we post news about and discuss astronomy. We've had some cool threads lately, and I thought it would be good to have future posts appended to one thread. [PAR] Planets [PAR] Big Bangs; modest bangs; small, shy bangs [PAR] And more! [PAR] I'll start, the Washington Post has a cool article today on a probe of the planet Ceres. I think they were being too cute and attempting to generate views by referring to this piddling dwarf-planet as a \"planet\", without qualification. But no matter, we're there, taking pictures and orbiting. [PAR] This thread is [italic]not[/italic] for astrology posts, please. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Neil lagasse ferguson is totally a hot daddy [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] This thread is not for astrology posts, please. [PAR] But they're obviously related. [PAR] They're no more related than Nephrology and Phrenology. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] I love black holes. Diesel Washington and XL are my favorites. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] I love planets. My favorite is Planet Hollywood. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] Comet sucks, I prefer Ajax myself. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 6 [PAR] 03/06/2015 [PAR] Big Bang is my favorite TV show. Did you see the one where Sheldon acted all weird? [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 7 [PAR] 03/06/2015 [PAR] Mystery 'noise' could be an Earth-like world: Strange signals suggest habitable planet exists 22 light years away [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 8 [PAR] 03/06/2015 [PAR] Whats strange about the Ceres probe is how far away it is from its target. Right now its orbiting at like 22,000 miles. Eventually it will get as close as 250 miles. But Ceres is only 500 miles in diameter. It seems the probe is awfully far away from something so small. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 10 [PAR] 03/08/2015 [PAR] Astronomy is one of the things that keeps me from frank atheism. What is the \"big bang\" but Creation with a capital C? [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 11 [PAR] 03/08/2015 [PAR] And the Lord said, \"Let there be light\", and then BAM, there was a whole lot of light! [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 12 [PAR] 03/08/2015 [PAR] R12 Sure. And a few lines later that same source says the moon produces its own light. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] I knew a few black ho's [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 18 [PAR] 03/28/2015 [PAR] So I suppose I'm the one who has to finally tell you, OP, that we've all already heard about the rings around Uranus. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 19 [PAR] 03/28/2015 [PAR] When you learn about all the contingent hoops our planet had to pass through to produce life, and then all the other things that had to happen to produce \"intelligent\" life, it wouldn't surprise me if we weren't the only intelligent species in our galaxy, or maybe even the entire universe. [PAR] But everyone else if they exist is too far away to test that hypothesis. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] reply 20 [PAR] 03/28/2015 [PAR] Crow has a new video of another lunar wave. He implies that the moon is a hologram hiding the real moon because the real moon has man-made structures on it that the government doesn't want us to see. He seems like a decent guy and has some other interesting videos that I don't think he manipulates but I find the hologram idea to be a little unbelievable. [PAR] by Anonymous [PAR] What's the purported motive to hide the Moon structures? [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Best Charlie Brown Quotes - YouQueen \u2013 \u201cGoodbyes always make my throat hurt\u2026 I need more hellos.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cHappiness is anyone and anything that\u2019s loved by you.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cIn the book of life, the answers aren\u2019t in the back.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cI think I\u2019m afraid to be happy, because whenever I get too happy, something bad always happen.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cThere must be millions of people all over the world who never get any love letters\u2026 I could be their leader.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cSometimes I lie awake at night and ask \u2018Where have I gone wrong\u2019, then a voice says to me \u2018This is going to take more than one night\u2019.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cAwkward is my specialty.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cNothing takes the taste out of peanut butter quite like unrequited love.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cFew people are successful unless other people want them to be.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cAbsence makes the heart grow fonder, but it sure makes the rest of you lonely.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cIt always looks darkest just before it gets totally black.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cI thought being in love was supposed to make you happy\u2026\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cI\u2019ve developed a new philosophy. I only dread one day at a time.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cSometimes you lie in bed at night, and you don\u2019t have a single thing to worry about\u2026That always worries me!\u201d [PAR] Another little wisecracker from this comic book was Charlie\u2019s best friend Linus. Now Linus was a real smart kid \u2013 check out some of his best lines: [PAR] \u2013 \u201cThere is no heavier burden than a great potential.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cYou know, Charlie Brown, they say we learn more from losing than from winning.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cThis blanket is a necessity. It keeps me from cracking up. It may be regarded as a spiritual tourniquet. Without it, I\u2019d be nothing, a ship without a rudder.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cCharlie Brown, you\u2019re the only person I know who can take a wonderful season like Christmas and turn it into a problem. Maybe Lucy\u2019s right. Of all the Charlie Browns in the world, you\u2019re the Charlie Browniest.\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cWell, I think that the purpose of going to school is to get good grades so then you can go on to high school; and the purpose is to study hard so you can get good grades so you can go to college; and the purpose of going to college is so you can get good grades so you can go on to graduate school; and the purpose of that is to work hard and get good grades so we can get a job and be successful so that we can get married and have kids so we can send them to grammar school to get good grades so they can go to high school to get good grades so they can go to college and work hard\u2026\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cI love mankind \u2013 it\u2019s people I can\u2019t stand!\u201d [PAR] \u2013 \u201cBig sisters are the crab grass in the lawn of life!\u201d [PAR] Cover photo: www.stelabird.com[DOC] [TLE] Peanuts - Wikiquote Peanuts - Wikiquote [PAR] Peanuts [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Peanuts is a comic strip drawn by Charles M. Schulz from 1950 until 2000. It was also developed into several TV animated specials and four animated theatrical features. The strip's most recognizable icons are born-loser Charlie Brown and his anthropomorphic dog Snoopy, who always sleeps on top of his dog house instead of inside it. [PAR] I can't stand it! (Sometimes accompanied by \"I just can't stand it!\") [PAR] You blockhead(s)! [PAR] (usually Charlie"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Balearic Islands Guide | Spain Travel | Rough Guides The Balearic Islands Guide | Spain Travel | Rough Guides [PAR] Europe \u00bb Spain \u00bb The Balearic Islands [PAR] East of the Spanish mainland, the four chief Balearic Islands \u2013 Ibiza, Formentera, Mallorca and Menorca \u2013 maintain a character distinct from the rest of Spain and from each other. Ibiza is wholly unique, its capital Ibiza Town is loaded with historic interest and a draw for thousands of clubbers and gay visitors, while the north of the island has a distinctly bohemian character. Tiny Formentera has even better beaches than its neighbour and makes up in rustic charm what it lacks in cultural interest. Mallorca , the largest and best-known Balearic, battles with its image as an island of little more than sun, booze and high-rise hotels. In reality, you\u2019ll find all the clich\u00e9s, most of them crammed into the mega-resorts of the Bay of Palma and the east coast, but there\u2019s lots more besides: mountains, lovely old towns, some beautiful coves, and the Balearics\u2019 one real city, Palma . Mallorca is, in fact, the one island in the group you might come to other than for beaches and nightlife, with scope for plenty of hiking. And finally, to the east, there\u2019s Menorca \u2013 more subdued in its clientele, and here, at least, the modern resorts are kept at a safe distance from the two main towns, the capital Ma\u00f3 , which boasts the deepest harbour in the Med, and the charming, pocket-sized port of Ciutadella . [PAR] Access to the islands is easy from Britain and mainland Spain, with plenty of bargain-priced flights in summer, though in winter only Mallorca is really well connected. In addition, ferries and catamarans link Barcelona, Valencia and Denia with the islands, and there are plenty of inter-island ferries, too, though these can be pricey and fully booked in summer. [PAR] The main fly in the ointment is cost: as prime \u201choliday islands\u201d, the Balearics charge considerably above mainland prices for rooms and eating out can be expensive. Rental cars can also be hard to come by at this time. Travelling around by bus, moped, scooter and bicycle are all perfectly feasible, but note that car-rental companies do not allow their vehicles to be taken from one island to another. [PAR] Catalan is spoken throughout the Balearics, and each of the three main islands has a different dialect, though locals all speak Castilian (Spanish). For the visitor, confusion arises from the difference between the islands\u2019 road signs and street names \u2013 which are almost exclusively in Catalan \u2013 and many of the maps on sale, which are in Castilian. In particular, note that Menorca now calls its capital Ma\u00f3 rather than Mah\u00f3n, while both the island and town of Ibiza are usually referred to as Eivissa. In this chapter we give the Catalan name for towns, beaches and streets, except for Ibiza and Ibiza Town which are not widely known by their Catalan names outside Spain. [PAR] The Balearic Islands"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - James I and VI BBC - History - James I and VI [PAR] z [PAR] James I of England and VI of Scotland \u00a9 James was king of Scotland until 1603, when he became the first Stuart king of England as well, creating the kingdom of Great Britain. [PAR] James was born on 19 June 1566 in Edinburgh Castle. His mother was Mary, Queen of Scots and his father her second husband, Lord Darnley. Darnley was murdered in February 1567. In July Mary was forced to abdicate in favour of her infant son. James's tutor, the historian and poet George Buchanan, was a positive influence and James was a capable scholar. A succession of regents ruled the kingdom until 1576, when James became nominal ruler, although he did not actually take control until 1581. He proved to be a shrewd ruler who effectively controlled the various religious and political factions in Scotland. [PAR] In 1586, James and Elizabeth I became allies under the Treaty of Berwick. When his mother was executed by Elizabeth the following year, James did not protest too vociferously - he hoped to be named as Elizabeth's successor. In 1589, James married Anne of Denmark. Three of their seven children survived into adulthood. [PAR] In March 1603, Elizabeth died and James became king of England and Ireland in a remarkably smooth transition of power. After 1603 he only visited Scotland once, in 1617. [PAR] One of James's great contributions to England was the Authorised King James's Version of the bible (1611) which was to become the standard text for more than 250 years. But he disappointed the Puritans who hoped he would introduce some of the more radical religious ideas of the Scottish church, and the Catholics, who anticipated more lenient treatment. In 1605, a Catholic plot to blow up king and parliament was uncovered. James's firm belief in the divine right of kings, and constant need for money, also brought him into conflict repeatedly with parliament. [PAR] Abroad, James attempted to encourage European peace. In 1604, he ended the long-running war with Spain and tried to arrange a marriage between his son and the Spanish Infanta. He married his daughter Elizabeth to the elector of the palatinate, Frederick, who was the leader of the German Protestants. [PAR] James's eldest son Henry died in 1612 and his wife Anne in 1619. James himself died on 27 March 1625 and was succeeded by his second son, Charles"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Christian Wulff: From Merkel rival to youngest president ... Christian Wulff: From Merkel rival to youngest president - The Local [PAR] Christian Wulff: From Merkel rival to youngest president [PAR] AFP [PAR] 1 July 2010 [PAR] 11:03 CEST+02:00 [PAR] Christian Wulff, who on Wednesday became Germany's youngest-ever president after a nail-biting election, has long been a potential rival to Chancellor Angela Merkel. [PAR] The preternaturally youthful Wulff, 51, who once described himself as no \"alpha male\" has governed the state of Lower Saxony, home to automaker Volkswagen, since 2003. [PAR] Merkel's choice for president, he won election by a special body in a vote seen as a test of her authority after a dire start to her second period in office marred by internal squabbling and a crisis in the eurozone. [PAR] Allies of Merkel feared Wulff could use Lower Saxony, a high-profile perch, as a possible launch pad to pose a challenge to the weakened chancellor. But she has now effectively neutralised him, at least for the four-year length of his term, by placing him in a golden cage far removed from the real instruments of political power. [PAR] However, Wulff required three rounds of voting to secure the appointment as members of Merkel's ruling coalition rebelled against his candidacy and delivered her a damaging political setback. [PAR] The German president, ensconced in Berlin's Bellevue Palace, serves as a kind of moral arbiter for the nation, receiving state guests and occasionally weighing in with contemplative speeches on the issues of the day. [PAR] Though popular with a significant national profile, the so-called \"Kennedy from the Leine\" after the river flowing through his state's capital Hannover, was never before called to serve in Berlin. [PAR] Observers say the genial Wulff does not have the killer instincts of a true political animal and is well-suited for the presidency. [PAR] \"I lack the absolute will to power and the willingness to subordinate everything else,\" he famously said in a magazine interview in 2008 when asked whether his ambitions included laying down the gauntlet for Merkel. [PAR] Merkel, a fellow Christian Democrat (CDU), was thought to breathe a sigh of relief, as the blond trained lawyer with elegant dress style and a gentle sense of humour has demonstrated his appeal to voters. [PAR] He became active in the CDU at the age of 20, and was just 34 when he first challenged Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, who would later become chancellor, for the premiership of Lower Saxony. [PAR] It took him two tries but he eventually wrested control of the state in 2003 from Sigmar Gabriel, Schr\u00f6der's crown prince and current leader of the Social Democrats. [PAR] He left his long-time wife Christiane in 2006 for public relations executive Bettina, who is 15 years his junior, and launched a charm offensive to mollify his conservative base after the shock announcement. Bettina's tattoo on her upper arm has raised eyebrows in some corners of the German press. [PAR] They are now married and have a two-year-old son, in addition to a teenage daughter from Wulff's previous marriage. [PAR] Merkel said she would be delighted to imagine the sound of children's laughter ringing through the Bellevue Palace. She has now got her wish."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - IMDb Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ( 2005 ) [PAR] PG-13 | [PAR] Harry finds himself mysteriously selected as an under-aged competitor in a dangerous tournament between three schools of magic. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 15 May 2011 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 05 Mar 2012 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 07 Jul 2012 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 09 May 2015 [PAR] a list of 49 titles [PAR] created 2 months ago [PAR] Title: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) [PAR] 7.7/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 13 wins & 41 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] It's Harry's third year at Hogwarts; not only does he have a new \"Defense Against the Dark Arts\" teacher, but there is also trouble brewing. Convicted murderer Sirius Black has escaped the Wizards' Prison and is coming after Harry. [PAR] Director: Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n [PAR] With their warning about Lord Voldemort's return scoffed at, Harry and Dumbledore are targeted by the Wizard authorities as an authoritarian bureaucrat slowly seizes power at Hogwarts. [PAR] Director: David Yates [PAR] Harry ignores warnings not to return to Hogwarts, only to find the school plagued by a series of mysterious attacks and a strange voice haunting him. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] As Harry Potter begins his sixth year at Hogwarts, he discovers an old book marked as \"the property of the Half-Blood Prince\" and begins to learn more about Lord Voldemort's dark past. [PAR] Director: David Yates [PAR] As Harry races against time and evil to destroy the Horcruxes, he uncovers the existence of three most powerful objects in the wizarding world: the Deathly Hallows. [PAR] Director: David Yates [PAR] Rescued from the outrageous neglect of his aunt and uncle, a young boy with a great destiny proves his worth while attending Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. [PAR] Director: Chris Columbus [PAR] Four kids travel through a wardrobe to the land of Narnia and learn of their destiny to free it with the guidance of a mystical lion. [PAR] Director: Andrew Adamson [PAR] A young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world, led by the world's most unusual candy maker. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. [PAR] Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson [PAR] Stars: Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz [PAR] A newly recruited night security guard at the Museum of Natural History discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc. [PAR] Director: Shawn Levy [PAR] The Pevensie siblings return to Narnia, where they are enlisted to once again help ward off an evil king and restore the rightful heir to the land's throne, Prince Caspian."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC to air Archers spin-off on digital station | Media ... BBC to air Archers spin-off on digital station | Media | The Guardian [PAR] BBC to air Archers spin-off on digital station [PAR] Corporation hopes show featuring new characters and storylines will help drive listeners to Radio 4 Extra [PAR] The Archers: the digital spin-off show will not focus on characters from the main programme such as Ruth and David. Photograph: BBC [PAR] Wednesday 16 March 2011 07.59 EDT [PAR] First published on Wednesday 16 March 2011 07.59 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Fans of Radio 4's The Archers are about to get a whole lot more Ambridge after the BBC revealed details of a spin-off show, Ambridge Extra, to broadcast on digital station Radio 4 Extra. [PAR] The new show will feature more stories from in and around Ambridge, including new characters and storylines that are not featured in the main Radio 4 show. [PAR] Ambridge Extra, which will begin with a 13-week series in the spring with a second 13-week run in the autumn, will broadcast on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 10am, with repeats on the same days at 2.15pm, straight after The Archers on Radio 4. [PAR] An omnibus programme will air on Fridays at 10.30am, repeated on Sundays at 11.15am and 7.15pm, again timed to follow on directly from The Archers' Sunday editions. [PAR] The BBC said the two shows would exist independently of each other, with listeners able to enjoy one without necessarily listening to the other. [PAR] But the corporation will be hoping the new Radio 4 Extra show will prompt people to retune their radios to the new station, due to launch next month replacing BBC Radio 7, as it looks to encourage further takeup of digital radio. [PAR] \"The idea is that you'll be able to hear more stories from in and around Ambridge, and also we'll be able to go further afield with Archers-related characters,\" said Archers producer and scriptwriter Keri Davies . [PAR] \"You can enjoy the new series without listening to the main Archers programme. And you can continue to listen to The Archers without missing out on anything essential. [PAR] \"But if you follow both programmes, then you'll get a deeper insight into what's going on in our characters' lives. You'll also hear from new characters in Ambridge Extra who don't appear in The Archers, or who are only minor characters there.\" [PAR] \"It's been an exciting challenge helping to develop the new series,\" he added. [PAR] \"The episodes have a different feel to the main Archers programme. Unlike The Archers, where the events of one day are covered in one episode, Ambridge Extra episodes often cover the key events of two or three days in their 15-minute duration. So it zips along quite fast, although we are covering fewer stories, so we hope it should be a lively listen.\" [PAR] It is not the first time the BBC has used a soap to drive takeup of its digital services. It has used repeats of EastEnders and spin-offs of the BBC1 soap to encourage people to watch its digital TV channel, BBC3. [PAR] BBC Radio 4 Extra, the new name for its existing digital radio service BBC Radio 7 , will launch in the first week of next month. [PAR] Davies gave an insight into some of the storylines that will feature on the digital show. \"In the early episodes, we learn how Alice is getting on at university, and we meet Rhys, the barman at the Bull, who"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - The Isle of Wight's Literary Connections - Edited Entry h2g2 - The Isle of Wight's Literary Connections - Edited Entry [PAR] The Isle of Wight's Literary Connections Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything [PAR] The Isle of Wight's Literary Connections [PAR] Created [PAR] 0 Conversations [PAR] Is there no one who is commonplace here? Is everybody either a poet, or a genius, or a painter, or peculiar in some way? [PAR] \u2013 Anne Thackeray, daughter of William Makepeace Thackeray, on a visit to the Isle of Wight in 1853 aged 16. [PAR] The Isle of Wight, with its natural beauty and many different aspects, has long held a fascination for, and inspired, authors and poets alike. The 19th Century in particular saw a vast influx of poets to the Island, focused on two small villages that were centres of the literary world. [PAR] The first, the small, sleepy village of Bonchurch near Ventnor, became popular after Sir James Clark Bt MD published a guide stating that the Undercliff's unique microclimate was perfect for restoring the health of those suffering with consumption and other chest complaints. The restful and beautiful village of Bonchurch soon became a popular spot for those convalescing from various chest illnesses. The Undercliff is a post-glacial area near the Island's southern tip high above the sea but sheltered by downs from cold winds from the north, creating a healthy and warm microclimate. This led to the construction of the Royal National Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, now the site of the famed Ventnor Botanic Gardens . [PAR] The second village was Freshwater, which from 1853 was the home of one the greatest ever poets, Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Although he always desired privacy and seclusion, his home soon attracted a literary circle without parallel. [PAR] The following people, presented in chronological order, all had (or in one case may have had) a literary connection with the Island: [PAR] Sir Anthony Woodville, Lord Scales, Earl Rivers (c1438-1483) [PAR] Sir Anthony Woodville , Edward IV's brother-in-law and Captain of the Isle of Wight from 1464, was one of England's first proponents of the printing press, becoming the first patron of William Caxton. In 1475 William Caxton brought the first printing press to England and printed The Canterbury Tales and The History of Jason in 1476. His third publication, The Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers in 1477, had been translated into English by Sir Anthony. When Caxton was asked to comment on the translation, he replied that he could not find any faults in the translation, although Anthony had omitted Socrates' unflattering opinions on women 'for the very affection, love and hood will that [he] hath unto all ladies and gentlewomen\u2026'. [PAR] Sir Anthony also translated Christine de Pisan's Moral Proverbs in 1478 and the Cordiale, published in 1479. Anthony was later imprisoned and executed by Richard III at Pontefract Castle on 25 June 1483 [PAR] Nicholas Udall (1504-56) [PAR] Nicholas Udall was Vicar of Calbourne in 1551. He is most famous for writing the first English comedy, Ralph Roister Doister circa 1553. [PAR] William Shakespeare? (1564-1616) [PAR] There is no evidence proving that William Shakespeare ever set foot on the Isle of Wight. Shakespeare's patron, and some critics say lover, was Sir Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton. Shakespeare's sonnets and love poems including Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece are dedicated to Sir Henry, who had loaned him \u00a31,000, a vast sum at the time. Although Sir Henry was sent to the Tower after supporting the Earl"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cory Spinks carries on legacy of dad, uncle despite adversity USATODAY.com - Cory Spinks carries on legacy of dad, uncle despite adversity [PAR] Looking to sell tickets quick? Register now. [PAR] Cory Spinks carries on legacy of dad, uncle despite adversity [PAR] By Dan Rafael, USA TODAY [PAR] With one of the most famous names in boxing and a wealth of talent, the road to the top for Cory Spinks would seem paved with gold. [PAR] Cory Spinks will fight Ricardo Mayorga for the undisputed welterweight title. [PAR] By Craig L. Moran, Special for USA TODAY [PAR] Instead it's been a rocky path touched by tragedy and littered with adversity, including the shooting deaths of his older brother and best friend and his mother's unexpected death. [PAR] These shattering moments, though, have steeled the welterweight champion for his biggest moment: A fight for the undisputed title Saturday night against fellow champion and 5-1 favorite Ricardo Mayorga in Atlantic City. The match is part of promoter Don King's card featuring a record eight world title bouts. [PAR] Spinks, nicknamed \"Next Generation,\" is the son of former heavyweight champ Leon Spinks and nephew of former heavyweight and light heavyweight champ Michael Spinks, both 1976 Olympic gold medalists. Both are expected ringside Saturday. [PAR] \"I got a lot to live up to,\" Spinks says. \"I'm not going to let anybody down.\" [PAR] Says his father, \"I'm glad my son is accomplishing things me and my brother accomplished. I'm very proud. He's my son, and I love him.\" [PAR] Leon Spinks had a one-hit wonder career \u2014 an astonishing 15-round title win against Muhammad Ali in just his eighth pro fight, 25 years ago \u2014 but he became a household name after the upset and instantly recognizable because of a goofy, gap-toothed grin. [PAR] Spinks' uncle had a more substantial career: a 31-1 record and 1994 election to the International Boxing Hall of Fame as a former undisputed light heavyweight champ and the first 175-pound titlist to win the heavyweight crown, when he beat Larry Holmes in 1985. [PAR] \"You can see Leon and Michael in him,\" says Kevin Cunningham, Spinks' trainer, manager and friend. \"Boxing comes so easy to Cory. This stuff is like going to sleep for Cory. It's like drinking water. It's that easy.\" [PAR] Spinks (No. 6 USA TODAY, 31-2, 10 KOs) aims to carry on his family's legacy despite being such a big underdog that Mayorga, should he win, already has a deal to face junior middleweight champ Shane Mosley in March. [PAR] \"When my father fought Muhammad Ali, nobody gave him a chance and we know what happened. When my uncle fought Larry Holmes, they didn't give him a chance either. You think I'm afraid of this clown?\" Spinks says of Mayorga. [PAR] \"Anybody in boxing, Ali was their idol because he was the greatest, but my dad beat him. It brings a smile to my face. I want to do the same thing that he accomplished and the things my uncle accomplished. That's why I'm working so hard. Come (Saturday), all the world will see. It's a coming out party for Cory Spinks.\" [PAR] \"We're not concerned about being the underdog,\" Cunningham says. \"Cory has been mistreated, mispromoted and disrespected since Day 1. It's us against the machine \u2014 HBO, the promotion, the media. They're all backing Mayorga. It's our business to take advantage of the opportunity.\" [PAR] Early start with slight delay [PAR] If the last name wasn't enough of an indication that Spinks, 25, might someday be a fighter, how about this: He"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PALA CASINO: Chippendales aims to excite its audiences: PALA CASINO: Chippendales aims to excite its audiences: [PAR] Related article \u00bb [PAR] Chippendales, led by Bryan Cheatham, center, performs Saturday night at Pala Resort & Casino. COURTESY PHOTO [PAR] The life of a Chippendales dancer isn't all fun and games - there's a lot of performing on stage while hundreds and thousands of women scream in appreciation too. [PAR] Bryan Cheatham is well aware that being a leader for the Chippendales all-male dance troupe - performing at 7 p.m. Saturday, July 27, at Pala Resort & Casino's Infinity showroom - is a pretty good gig, but it's also a full time job. [PAR] \"Its a 100 percent full time job, out of the last month, I was home for maybe three days,\" he said from a tour stop in Kansas. \"It can be hard, but that's what you signed up for. Its mostly amazing, you get to travel the world, the United States, meet new people and see new places.\" [PAR] Cheatham has been with Chippendales for more than 10 years and now three years with the touring troupe. He's been in the entertainment business for more than 20 years and worked with nearly all the pop stars, the top stars in the business, he said. [PAR] And with that kind of show business background, Cheatham is quick to point out that the Chippendales of today is a far cry from group founded in 1979 by Somen Banerjee, Paul Snider, and Bruce Nahin. [PAR] \"We try to let people know that its not the Chippendales of the '80s anymore,\" Cheatham said. \"Its like a Disneyland for women, a state of the art show, and we are constantly trying to reinvent ourselves and keep it current. It is a challenge trying to get the word out that its a new day. Its current, fresh exciting and as always - hot.\" [PAR] Crowd interaction is a big part of each Chippendales show. COURTESY PHOTO [PAR] Staying current and also consumable by a wide variety of clientele is also a challenge and it takes work. [PAR] \"We have a show director, and we have creative control over the show,\" Cheatham said. \"Being in this particular field, I know what the women want. I think the reason we work, is we give the women a variety, something for everybody.\" [PAR] That also keeps it fresh for the audience members, who often get to see the performers up close and personal at each show. [PAR] \"Pretty much every number has interaction with the audience, either on stage, or we go out into the audience,\" Cheatham said. [PAR] And to mix it up, Cheatham said the group brings in two or three new members, so its never the exact same show twice. Given that the group will be seen by by almost 2 million people worldwide each year, the formula seems to be working. [PAR] \"One of the coolest things that happens at each show is we hear that its not what they expected, its even better,\" Cheatham said. \"We want them to leave excited, talking about the show and having no voice because they screamed so much. We want those ladies to have the time of their lives.\" [PAR] The shows starts at 7 p.m. Saturday, July 27, at Pala Resort & Casino, 11154 California 76, Pala. Tickets are $22-$32, call 760-510-5100 or visit palacasino.com .[DOC] [TLE] Chippendales : definition of Chippendales and synonyms of ... Chippendales : definition of Chippendales and synonyms of Chippendales (English) [PAR] http://www.chippendales.com/ [PAR] Chippendales is a touring dance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The 30th of November 1936 AD, Crystal Palace destroyed by fire The 30th of November 1936 AD, Crystal Palace destroyed by fire [PAR] Crystal Palace destroyed by fire [PAR] Crystal Palace , London The 30th of November 1936 AD [PAR] Almost a quarter of a mile long, and rising more than 400 feet into the air, the Crystal Palace was a magnificent display of Victorian confidence and ambition. The building was originally erected in London\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Prince Albert had first suggested such an exhibition, which was to serve partly as a symbol of British industrial and political strength for the rest of the world to see, partly as a market place for the products of the country and the empire. [PAR] In the end the exhibition included the participation of other countries: Russia, Turkey, France, Egypt and the United States all provided exhibitors. The event was a massive success, attracting visitors not just from Britain but from all over the world. [PAR] The vast building of iron and glass was designed by eminent Victorian architect Sir Joseph Paxton . Once the exhibition itself had ended there was much debate about what to do with the building \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd it was impossible for it to stay longer term in Hyde Park. Paxton was the leading light in the decision to move the building to a new site, the genteel London suburb of Sydenham Hill, where it would be re-erected in a park in the Penge Place Estate, which happened to be owned by his friend and backer Leo Schuster, a railway magnate. [PAR] The rebuilding on the new site began in August 1852, and by June 1854 the completed structure was officially opened by the Queen . [PAR] The Crystal Palace (not its official name, but the one that stuck, seen first in Punch Magazine ) enjoyed a somewhat chequered history at its new home. For a time it was a success, a major tourist destination for visitors to the capital, and a resource for Londoners themselves. It had a roller-coaster; a prehistoric swamp with model dinosaurs; it hosted concerts and cricket matches; the grounds even staged the FA Cup Final from 1895 to 1914! [PAR] The costs of running and maintaining the building and the grounds around it exceeded the revenue, however, and the place suffered a gradual but vicious spiral of decline as the Palace became shabbier so fewer visitors were attracted, thus there was less revenue to pay for upkeep and so on. In 1911 it even went into bankruptcy. Along the way there were several portents of the future disaster: in 1861 high winds caused major structural damage; and in 1866 a fire destroyed the northern part of the building. [PAR] On the night of November 1936 the grand old building suffered its final tragedy. A small fire broke out, probably started by old and badly maintained wiring. Henry Buckland, whose efforts over many years had at least slowed the decline, was out walking his dog, and spotted the fire in its early stages, but it had already taken hold. Everything seemed to conspire to put the old building out of its misery: that night there were strong winds; the old wooden floors were dry and made the ideal conduits to spread the conflagration; as the flames rose they found more fuel, broken glass panes having been \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtemporarily\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd replaced by boards; the design itself added to the difficulties, the towers acting as chimneys drawing air in at the lower levels. [PAR] In spite of 88 fire engines sent from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ivy League Colleges & Universities | Go4Ivy.com Ivy League Colleges & Universities | Go4Ivy.com [PAR] Ivy League Colleges & Universities [PAR] Get Your Chances of Admission to Ivy League Colleges & Universities [PAR] One of the top, most selective group of colleges and universities are the Ivy League schools, which include: Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton and Yale. In 2001, Go4Ivy developed a separate algorithm for each Ivy League college and university which predicts students\u2019 chances of being accepted by each school. These algorithms are continually updated and revised as the schools change their admission criteria and their approaches. Over the last 15 years our predictions have been over 90% correct (100% correct for the last two years). Go4Ivy refunds the fee for any school for which its prediction turns out to be incorrect. We are proud to have an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau. [PAR] While each Ivy has high academic standards and strict requirements for admission, they are significantly different from each other in their admission criteria, focus, location, number of undergraduates, campus setting and in many other ways. Go4Ivy has gathered below key data for each Ivy, which gives the flavor of each school and provides convenient links to each school\u2019s website for any additional information. [PAR] Once you select the Ivy League colleges and universities, which you like, you can obtain your chances of getting accepted by the colleges and universities which you selected. Using algorithms that we developed and perfected for each Ivy League college and university, we can evaluate your data that the admissions offices would consider, in view of the school\u2019s requirements and criteria. Go4Ivy calculates a single number: your chances of getting accepted by that school. Your chances of admission are reported and compared with the chances of an average applicant. V iew a sample ChancesR\u2122 report [PAR] We understand that anyone can give you predictions of your chances of admission, so why should you trust our predictions? We\u2019ve been predicting chances of admission since 2001 and we are the only service which refunds the fee for any prediction that turns out to be incorrect. Our predictions have been over 90% accurate and 100% accurate for the last two years. See Accuracy Guaranteed icon for details. [PAR] SAT and SAT Subject Tests or ACT with writing, essay [PAR] About the Ivy League Colleges [PAR] The Ivy League colleges share high academic standards, historic pedigrees, and an athletic conference. But although the Ivies are often talked about as a group, each of the eight Ivy League colleges (Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Penn, Princeton and Yale), differ from each other in many significant respects including academic focus, number of undergraduates, and the feel and campus type. [PAR] The Ivy League schools also have different admissions criteria and standards, so a student\u2019s chance of admission typically varies significantly from Ivy to Ivy. If you\u2019re curious about which Ivies you are more likely to get into, Go4Ivy can calculate your chances of admission at the Ivy League colleges and other top schools. [PAR] History of the Ivy League [PAR] The term Ivy League commonly refers to a group of eight, east-coast colleges and universities renowned for their high academic standards and significant history. These schools were some of the earliest American institutions founded: Harvard in 1636, Yale in 1701, Penn in 1740, Princeton in 1746, Columbia in 1754, Brown in 1764, Dartmouth in 1769 and Cornell in 1865. [PAR] Taken more literally, the Ivy League refers to the athletic conference in which the eight colleges' sports teams compete. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Books Make Up the Bible? - Bible Tools What Books Make Up the Bible? [PAR] What Books Make Up the Bible? [PAR] Related [PAR] Which Bible Translation Is Best? [PAR] Most modern versions of the Bible contain 66 books, 39 in the Old Testament and 27 in the New Testament. Originally, the number of books in the Bible was 49 because the Jews divide the 39 Old Testament books into 22 books by combining several books into one (e.g., they combine the twelve Minor Prophets into one book). The New Testament canon has remained stable at 27 books since early times. A complete list appears below. [PAR] Old Testament [PAR] I. The Gospels and Acts [PAR] 1. Genesis [PAR] II. The Epistles of Paul [PAR] 6. Joshua-Judges [PAR] 7. Book of Kingdoms (I & II Samuel, I & II Kings, considered one book) [PAR] 7. I Corinthians [PAR] 11. The Twelve (The \"Minor\" Prophets, considered one book) [PAR] 11. Philippians [PAR] 21. Ezra-Nehemiah (considered one book) [PAR] 22. Chronicles (considered one book) [PAR] The church of God does not accept the Apocrypha (the books of Esdras, Tobit, Judith, The Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, the books of Maccabees, etc.) or any other so-called apostolic or early church writings as canonical. [PAR] [PAR] [close] [PAR] You Will See This Only Once [PAR] The Bereans \"received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so\" (Acts 17:10-11). This daily newsletter provides a starting point for personal study, and gives valuable insight into the verses that make up the Word of God. See what over 135,000 subscribers are already receiving each day. [PAR] Email: [PAR] [PAR] We respect your privacy. Your email address will not be sold, distributed, rented, or in any way given out to a third party. We have nothing to sell. You may easily unsubscribe at any time."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Margaret \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan | Monster M*A*S*H | Fandom ... Margaret \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan | Monster M*A*S*H | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Margaret \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan [PAR] Loretta Swit as Major \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan [PAR] M*A*S*H character [PAR] Vital information [PAR] Head Nurse at the 4077th M*A*S*H [PAR] Home [PAR] an Unnnamed sister who was a captain [PAR] Appearances [PAR] Sally Kellerman in MASH film [PAR] Loretta Swit in M*A*S*H TV series [PAR] Major Margaret \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan was a fictional character first created in the book M*A*S*H: A Novel About Three Army Doctors by Richard Hooker . Actress Sally Kellerman portrayed her in the Robert Altman film adaptation (where the character was renamed \"O'Houlihan\"; however, like many of the M*A*S*H* characters, Hot Lips is probably best known from the television series, where her part was played by actress Loretta Swit . Having the advantage of an 11-year run on television, Swit's Houlihan became a significantly more developed character than originally portrayed in the film by actress Sally Kellerman , in many ways demonstrating characteristics that would have been almost antithetical to the cinematic Hot Lips. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Main article: Prototypes for Margaret Houlihan [PAR] Several real-life Korean War MASH nurses are said to be the prototypes for the character of \"Hotlips Houlihan\". Most notable among them is Capt. Ruth Dickson, Chief Nurse of the 8055th MASH. Also mentioned is one \"Hotlips Hammerly,\" said to be a very attractive blonde, of the same disposition, and also from El Paso, Texas. A third name found in some internet resources is Capt. Jane Thurness. All of them were career Army nurses who eventually rose to high rank. [PAR] Position [PAR] Edit [PAR] Major Houlihan is a member of the Army Nurse Corps and in charge of all the nurses at the MASH 4077 unit. She is devoted to her army career, having been born into the tradition. Her father, Colonel Alvin \"Howitzer Al\" Houlihan, was her role model for her career. {An inconsistent later episode shows that he was in the cavalry instead of the artillery and that he is alive-although in a early epsiode she refers to him as dead} (Season 3 when asking Frank for money, she refers to her father being dead and her mother being a drunk and kleptomaniac.) As an army brat, she was born in an army hospital and grew up on army posts, most notably Fort Ord. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] Edit [PAR] On their wedding night her parents gave each other gifts-her father received a .25 pistol about as big as a cigarette lighter and her mother received a whiskey flask. Both her parents are divorced. Her mother is an alcoholic kleptomaniac whose antics of either being dried out or being bonded from jail take up nearly all of Houlihan's salary. In one early episode Margaret remarks that her younger sister, who is only a Captain, is getting married. In one episode on her birthday and she is lost in Korea with Klinger she confesses that she envies him for having something she never had, a hometown, because as an army brat she never had one. One episode \"The Gun\" has a goof in which has Houlihan remarking over a pistol Burns had stolen from a patient is that of an 1873 Colt's Single Action Army revolver, sometimes referenced as the \"Peacemaker\"; in fact it is a model 1921 US Army revolver. She has a knack for winning MASH 4077 betting pools; her favorite song is When the Caissons Go Rolling Along and her greatest fear is loud noises. Although"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Chilterns AONB - Map categories The Chilterns AONB - Map categories [PAR] Map categories [PAR] Map categories [PAR] Chequers [PAR] Chequers, or Chequers Court, is a country house near Wendover, the official country residence of British Prime Ministers since 1921. [PAR] The original house probably gained its name in the 1100\u2019s because it may have been built or inhabited by an individual named Elias Ostiarius,and the name \u201cOstiarius\u201d meant an Usher of the Court of the Exchequer. His coat of arms included the chequer board of the Exchequer so it is likely he named his estate after his arms and position at court. [PAR] Another explanation sometimes offered is that the house is named after the Chequers Trees that grow in its grounds. Also known as Wild Service Tree, it produces small berries which are called Chequers. [PAR] There has been a house on the site since the 12th century, but the present 16th century house was not well documented in its early years. In 1565 one William Hawtrey restored and enlarged the house, and after completing the house, had the dubious honour of guarding a royal prisoner at Chequers, Lady Mary Grey, younger sister of Lady Jane Grey, who had married without her family\u2019s consent and was banished from court by Queen Elizabeth 1 for two years. [PAR] In 1715 the then owner of the house married a John Russell, a grandson of Oliver Cromwell. The house is well known for this connection to the Cromwells and still contains a large collection of Cromwell memorabilia. In the 19th century the Russells made modern alterations to the house in the gothic style,and towards the end of the 19th century the house passed through marriage to the Astley family. They let the house to the Clutterbuck family, who loved it so much that when they left in 1909 they had a very similar house built in Bedfordshire. [PAR] Following the Clutterbucks\u2019 departure the house was taken on a long lease by Mr Arthur Lee. He and his American wife Ruth were in need of a country home and Chequers suited them. They commenced a huge process of restoration and when the last of the ancestral owners died in 1912 they bought the property. During World War 1 the house became a hospital and then a convalescent home for officers. It was reinstated as a home following the end of hostilities and the childless Lees formed a plan. [PAR] Following the war a new breed of politician was entering government. These men did not have the country houses of previous prime ministers in which to entertain foreign dignitaries, or relax from the affairs of state, so after lengthy discussions with David Lloyd George, the then Prime Minister, Chequers was given to the nation as a country retreat for the serving Prime Minister by the Chequers Estate Act 1917. [PAR] Arthur and Ruth Lee, by this time Lord and Lady Lee of Fareham, left Chequers on 8th January 1921. You can read more about the benefits that it was hoped Chequers and the surrounding countryside would bring to prime ministers here . [PAR] Further Information [PAR] Chequers: The Prime Minister\u2019s Country House and its History by Dame Norma Major, published by Collins in 1996. [PAR] Grid Reference[DOC] [TLE] Chequers: The Prime Minister's Country House and Its ... Chequers: The Prime Minister's Country House and Its History: Amazon.co.uk: Norma Major, Mark Fiennes: 9780316858441: Books [PAR] Product Description [PAR] From the Back Cover [PAR] Chequers is one of Britain's most familiar yet least known country houses. Indeed, many people would summon to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] QUATRAIN -- Crossword entry | Crossword Nexus QUATRAIN -- Crossword entry | Crossword Nexus [PAR] QUATRAIN [PAR] Quatrain [PAR] A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines. Existing in various forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China; and, continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages. During Europe's Dark Ages, in the Middle East and especially Iran, polymath poets such as Omar Khayyam continued to popularize this form of poetry, also known as Ruba'i, well beyond their borders and time. There are twelve possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are: AAAA, AABB, and ABAB. [PAR] The above text is a snippet from Wikipedia: Quatrain [PAR] and as such is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License . [PAR] quatrain [PAR] a poem in four lines [PAR] a stanza of four lines [PAR] Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night, [PAR] Has flung the Stone that puts the stars to flight: [PAR] And Lo! the Hunter of the East has caught [PAR] The Sultan's Turret in a Noose of light. [PAR] The above text is a snippet from Wiktionary: quatrain [PAR] and as such is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License . [PAR] Need help with a clue? [PAR] Try your search in the crossword dictionary! [PAR] Clue: [PAR] [PAR] Book of the month [PAR] Francis Heaney and Brendan Emmett Quigley, two of the best in the biz, have teamed up for Drunk Crosswords . Grab yourself a copy today! [PAR] Store [PAR] NEW! Get a whole bunch of puzzles, pay what you want, and help charity. [PAR] Mobile App [PAR] We've got an app, with versions for iPhone, iPod and (finally!) Android. Snap a picture of the QR code above, or simply follow this link for more info. It's free, and the quickest way to get help for your crosswords on the go. Enjoy![DOC] [TLE] Quatrain | Poetry Project 2014 Quatrain | Poetry Project 2014 [PAR] Poetry Project 2014 [PAR] ~ Parth Doshi's Poetry Project 2014 [PAR] Search: [PAR] The Mountain by Donna Brock [PAR] The mountain frames the sky [PAR] As a shadow of an eagle flies by. [PAR] With clouds hanging at its edge [PAR] A climber proves his courage on its rocky ledge. [PAR] Definition: A quatrain is a type of stanza , or a complete poem , consisting of four lines. [PAR] [retrieved from http://www.wikipedia.org] [PAR] No Author Biography [PAR] This poem is a simple quatrain with no hidden meaning. The meaning is literal. It has a rhyme scheme of AABB. It\u2019s a quatrain, because there are four lines. [PAR] I chose a car to represent the poem, because it has four wheels the same way a quatrain has four lines. [PAR] Share this:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rafael Sabatini Books Published Before 1921 Rafael Sabatini Books Published Before 1921 [PAR] Rafael Sabatini Books Published Before 1921 [PAR] By Stephen Darley [PAR] Rafael Sabatini achieved his fame and significantly increased his readership with the publication in 1921 of his novel of the French revolution which he titled Scaramouche . Prior to Scaramouche he had written nineteen books, 13 of which were historical or romantic novels about characters that were set in various periods of historical significance beginning with The Lovers of Yvonne in 1902. During that period, he also wrote two biographies&151;one on Cesare Borgia and the other on Torquemada, who was the head of the Spanish Inquisition. The other four books were collections of short stories. Two of these books, Justice of the Duke and Banner of the Bull, were about Cesare Borgia, and the other two, which he called Historical Night's Entertainment, contained real historical incidents which he made into fictional accounts of the events in question. [PAR] There is an extensive supply of Sabatini books written after Scaramouche, all of which were first published in the UK by Hutchinson and Co. and in the US by Houghton Mifflin with one exception, The Reaping which was published by The Readers Library in 1929. Therefore, many beginning collectors and admirers of Sabatini assume that any Sabatini book published in the US by Houghton Mifflin or in the UK by Hutchinson must be a first edition. That this is not the case will be evident from the information contained in this article. [PAR] Publishing History of the 19 Books [PAR] The purpose of this essay is to clarify the publishing history of the nineteen Sabatini books published prior to 1921. I will present the books in chronological order and give the publishers name, the publishing date and the title of the book. I will also provide information on the editions of these first nineteen books that were first published by Houghton Mifflin even when the Houghton Mifflin edition is not the first US edition. Finally, I will present some specific details about some of the books to try to sort out the confusion created by Houghton Mifflin when they published these books in their various editions. I will attempt to clarify which of the editions published by Houghton Mifflin are US first editions, Houghton Mifflin first editions or a new and unusual printing of one of the books by Houghton Mifflin. [PAR] THE LOVERS OF YVONNE [PAR] First UK: The Snare published in 1917 by Martin Secker [PAR] First US: The Snare published in 1917 by J.P. Lippincott [PAR] First Houghton Mifflin published in 1922 see below [PAR] HISTORICAL NIGHTS ENTERTAINMENT 1ST SERIES [PAR] First UK: Historical Night's Entertainment 1st Series published in 1917 by Martin Secker [PAR] First US: Historical Night's Entertainment 1st Series published in 1917 by J.P. Lippincott [PAR] First Houghton Mifflin published in 1924 see below [PAR] HISTORICAL NIGHT'S ENTERTAINMENT 2ND SERIES [PAR] First UK: Historical Night's Entertainment 2nd Series published in 1919 by Hutchinson [PAR] First US: Historical Night's Entertainment 2nd Series published in 1919 by J.P. Lippincott [PAR] First Houghton Mifflin published in 1924 see below [PAR] Observations About List [PAR] Based on the above publishing history, the following observations about the list can be made. [PAR] The UK first editions are published by six different publishers (Pearson, Grant Richards, Eveleigh Nash, Hutchinson, Stanley Paul and Martin Secker) and the US first editions are published by four different publishers (Putnam, Brentano's, Lippincott and Houghton Mifflin) [PAR] Two of the nineteen books have a different title in the US edition as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lowest Point By Continent (Below Sea Level) - InfopediaPk ... Lowest Point By Continent (Below Sea Level) - InfopediaPk - All facts in one site [PAR] Lowest Point By Continent (Below Sea Level) [PAR] Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan [PAR] Elevation Below Sea Level [PAR] A view from the Israeli side looking across to Jordan [PAR] Dead Sea Lowest Point In Asia [PAR] The Dead Sea (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a Al-Bahr al-Mayyit or less commonly bahr lut,\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0637, \"the Sea of Lot\", Hebrew: Yam Ha-Melah, \"Sea of Salt\",Urdu \u0628\u062d\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631), also called the Salt Sea, is a salt lake bordering Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. [PAR] Its surface and shores are 422 metres (1,385 ft) below sea level,the lowest elevation on the Earth's surface on dry land. The Dead Sea is 378 m (1,240 ft) deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world. It is 8.6 or 9 times more salty than the ocean.This salinity makes for a harsh environment where animals cannot flourish, hence its name. The Dead Sea is 67 kilometres (42 mi) long and 18 kilometres (11 mi) wide at its widest point. It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River. [PAR] The Dead Sea has attracted visitors from around the Mediterranean basin for thousands of years. It was one of the world's first health resorts (for Herod the Great), and it has been the supplier of a wide variety of products, from balms for Egyptian mummification to potash (Potassium,K) for fertilizers. People also use the salt and the minerals from the Dead Sea to create cosmetics and herbal sachets. In 2009, 1.2 million foreign tourists visited on the Israeli side. [PAR] The sea has a density of 1.24 kg/L, making swimming difficult but providing a relaxing floating experience for tourists. [PAR] Climate [PAR] The Dead Sea's climate offers year-round sunny skies and dry air. It has less than 100 millimetres (3.94 in) mean annual rainfall and a summer average temperature between 32 and 39 \u00b0C (90 and 102 \u00b0F). Winter average temperatures range between 20 and 23 \u00b0C (68 and 73 \u00b0F). [PAR] Religious View [PAR] According to the tradition of Islam, the Dead Sea was near the land in which the Prophet Lut lived. The people in this area were considered wicked for their acts of homosexuality, robbery and murder, and therefore Allah had ordained punishment to the people of Lut for these deeds. The punishment arrived when three angels in the form of handsome men were sent down by Allah as guests for Lut to host. When Lut's people heard of the men, they rushed to Lut's house and said that those men were very handsome and they wanted to marry them. This was the final test for the people of Lut in which they failed, so the angel Jibrail raised the land where the prophet's people lived, tipped it upside down and threw it back on earth, causing the ground near the impact to cave in. Thus, the lowest land on Earth was formed because of this punishment. The non-believers (in the monotheism doctrine) were destroyed and the followers were saved. [PAR] Modern times [PAR] Explorers and scientists arrived in the area to analyze the minerals and research the unique climate. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, hundreds of religious documents dated between 150 BCE and 70 CE were found in caves near the ancient settlement of Qumran, about a mile inland from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea (presently in the West Bank). They"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] uk - Why don't British kings and queens veto laws ... uk - Why don't British kings and queens veto laws? - Politics Stack Exchange [PAR] Why don't British kings and queens veto laws? [PAR] up vote 35 down vote favorite [PAR] 4 [PAR] I've learned from Wikipedia that the British king or queen has the right to veto laws, but they don't use the right. Why is that? Is it because of tradition, respect for democracy, some regulations or perhaps something else? I'm asking because the presidents of my country (who are however elected by the people) have an analogous right, and they use the right quite often. [PAR] up vote 25 down vote accepted [PAR] The monarch of the United Kingdom is, as are most contemporary monarchies, a historical artefact, with little (if any) political power, their role is largely ceremonial. Refusal of royal assent is rarely exercised any more, and the main reason is, as you suspected, respect for democracy. Conversely, the last time royal assent was refused in the UK was in 1708, when Queen Anne vetoed the Scottish Militia Bill . [PAR] Elected officials, on the other hand, are not going against democratic structures if they exercise their veto powers. [PAR] 3 [PAR] [PAR] kinda untrue, they DO use their right to veto : theguardian.com/uk/2013/jan/14/secret-papers-royals-veto-bil\u200c\u200bls \u2013 Ninja Noel Mar 12 '14 at 16:53 [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] @NinjaNoel That's not necessarily correct: according to a palace spokesman, \"The sovereign has not refused to consent to any bill affecting crown interests unless advised to do so by ministers.\" - i.e. they maintain that the elected government was really behind withholding consent, and ascribing the veto to the Queen would be like claiming the Queen is actually ordering the military around (i.e. technically, but not really). Also, consent is different in details from conventional veto; veto happens after a law is passed (overturning an actual act), while consent is needed to even discuss it. \u2013 cpast Jun 13 '14 at 0:22 [PAR] up vote 17 down vote [PAR] Because to do so would cause a constitutional crisis. As the Wikipedia article on the subject lists, previous such crises have more typically been caused by the head of state acting against the advice of the government on matters such as dissolving Parliament, or dismissing or appointing Prime Ministers. [PAR] However, the underlying issue is the same: in countries and states which have this system of government, where the head of state is expected to exercise what limited powers he or she has only on the advice of the government, when he or she doesn't, it can result in any of: fierce debate, governmental paralysis, fresh elections, a change in the constitution, the removal of the head of state (or the head of the head of state ), or civil war. [PAR] In the UK and other constitutional monarchies, as well as in a number of Commonwealth countries and their constituent states, constitutional convention dictates that the Queen (or equivalent in other countries and states) is required to assent to bills presented to him or her after they have been agreed to by the legislature. [PAR] Although this power appears ceremonial, and in the vast majority of cases the Queen (or equivalent) does indeed grant assent when requested to do so, the power is real. This is demonstrated on the rare occasion when assent has been refused . [PAR] To give one such example relating to King Baudouin of Belgium : [PAR] In 1990, when a law ... liberalising Belgium's abortion laws, was approved by Parliament, he refused"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"The ultimate driving machine\u201d slogan makes a comback \"The ultimate driving machine\u201d slogan makes a comback [PAR] Tweet [PAR] BMW of North America will introduce its new brand advertising on Saturday, reinforcing its image as \u201cthe ultimate driving machine\u201d as it introduces 14 new \u2026 [PAR] BMW of North America will introduce its new brand advertising on Saturday, reinforcing its image as \u201cthe ultimate driving machine\u201d as it introduces 14 new models in the United States this year. [PAR] BMWNA will being a new brand advertising campaign on Saturday. The \u201cUltimate Driving Machine\u201d slogan returns replacing the highly-controversial \u201cJoy\u201d ads that ran for the past two years. [PAR] BMW\u2019s new ad agency, Kirshenbaum Bond Senecal & Partners, is responsible for the creative work and will debut its first 30-second TV spot on NBC during the NFL\u2019s wild-card games. The new spot will also run during prime-time programs like \u201cHouse,\u201d \u201cThe Big Bang Theory,\u201d \u201cModern Family\u201d and \u201cLaw and Order: SVU\u201d on the Fox, CBS, ABC and NBC networks. It also will run nationally on cable channels throughout the year. [PAR] The new spot starts with the almighty BMW M3 Coupe GTS, followed by the X5 SAV, the brand\u2019s future, the i8, and the flagship, 7 Series and ends with a quick succession of other BMW models. The voice-over and imagery showcases the dynamics and sportiness of BMW\u2019s line-up: \u201cWe don\u2019t make sports cars. We don\u2019t make S.U.V.\u2019s. We don\u2019t make hybrids, and we don\u2019t make luxury sedans. We only make one thing, the ultimate driving machine.\u201d [PAR] According to Dan Creed, vice president of marketing for BMW of North America, the company plans to introduce 14 models in 2014: \u201cWe\u2019re in the middle of an extremely significant product offensive.\u201d [PAR] For New York Times , Ed Brojerdi, co-chief creative officer of Kirshenbaum Bond Senecal, said the agency was dealing \u201cwith one of the most iconic taglines in marketing. We needed to make sure the marketing is as encompassing as the portfolio. Big brands have a focused point of view, they stand for something. BMW evokes the joy and passion for driving, sheer driving pleasure.\u201d [PAR] According to Trudy Hardy, manager of marketing for BMW North America, the ad is aimed at the company\u2019s \u201cnormal buying demographic,\u201d men and women age 35 to 54. [PAR] To properly market the vast upcoming line-up, BMW will increase their advertising budget which totaled $109 million in the first nine months in 2011. [PAR] Christopher Cedergren, managing director of Iceology, a Los Angeles consulting and research company, is also a proponent of the \u201cUltimate Driving Machine\u201d and very vocal about the previous \u201cJoy\u201d ads. \u201cThe previous campaign was too nebulous. It blurred the image of the BMW brand, made it too much like its competitors. It kind of walked away from its positioning about its driving performance,\u201d said Cedergren. [PAR] Christie L. Nordhielm, an associate professor of business administration at the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, puts BMW on the same pedestal as Apple: \u201cIn a sense is the Apple of the automotive industry. Apple delivers great user experience across products, and BMW delivers an exceptional experience across all types of automobiles.\u201d [PAR] BMW\u2019s first use of the \u201cUltimate Driving Machine\u201d slogan dates back in 1975 and it was created by Martin Puris, then the CEO of Ammirati & Puris.[DOC] [TLE] BMW Promotes Its Tagline to Its Slogan - The New York Times BMW Promotes Its Tagline to Its Slogan - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Media |An Automaker Promotes Its Tagline to Its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Reference Map of Arizona, USA - Nations Online Project Reference Map of Arizona, USA - Nations Online Project [PAR] ___ Reference Map of Arizona (AZ) [PAR] About Arizona [PAR] Arizona lies in the southwestern United States , on the border with Mexico . The state is bordered by Utah to the north, by New Mexico to the east, to the south by the states of Sonora and Baja California (Mexico), and to the west by California and Nevada . [PAR] Arizona was part of New Spain until 1821, it was organized as a US territory in 1863 from lands ceded by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Arizona was the 48th state and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union on 14th February 1912. [PAR] More about Arizona [show] [PAR] Arizona occupies an area of 294,207 km\u00b2 (113,594 sq mi) compared it is slightly smaller than Italy (301,318 km\u00b2) or the Philippines (300,000 km\u00b2). [PAR] Arizona is known for its desert landscape in its southern half with a dry desert climate with very hot summers and temperate winters. The Colorado Plateau in the northern part of the state is largely made up of high desert, with scattered areas of forests. Part of the plateau is the Painted Desert and the Petrified Forest National Park. On the Arizona-Utah state line there is Monument Valley with its well known sandstone buttes, because the Valley has been featured in many Hollywood movies, especially Westerns. [PAR] In the north western part of the state there is one of America's best known natural landmarks, the Grand Canyon, a steep-sided canyon formed by the Colorado River and and its tributaries over a period of some million years. Humphreys Peak is the highest natural point in the state with 3,852 m (12,637 ft) located within the Kachina Peaks Wilderness about 18 km (11 miles) north of Flagstaff. [PAR] The Grand Canyon State (Arizona's nickname) has a population of 6,828,000 (2015 est); capital and largest city is Phoenix , second-largest city is Tucson with more than half a million people, largest metro area is Phoenix Metropolitan Area (4.2 million). [PAR] The detailed map below shows the US state of Arizona with boundaries, the state capital Phoenix, major cities and populated places, streams and lakes, interstate highways, principal highways, and railroads. [PAR] Bookmark/share this page [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] You are free to use this map for educational purposes, please refer to the Nations Online Project. [PAR] Reference Map of Arizona [PAR] Map is based on a state map of The National Atlas of the USA. [PAR] [PAR] Map shows the location of following cities and towns in Arizona: [PAR] Major cities are: Phoenix, Tucson, Scottsdale, Tempe, Mesa, Glendale. [PAR] Other cities and towns in Arizona: [PAR] Ajo, Alpine, Ash Fork, Benson, Bisbee, Buckeye, Bullhead City, Camp Verde, Casa Grande, Chandler, Chinle, Clifton, Colorado City, Cottonwood, Douglas, Eagar, Eloy, Flagstaff, Florence, Gila Bend, Globe, Grand Canyon, Green Valley, Holbrook, Kayenta, Kingman, Lake Havasu City, Lukeville, Marana, Miami, Nogales, Oro Valley, Page, Parker, Payson, Peach Springs, Polacca, Prescott, Quartzite, Safford, San Luis, Sedona, Sells, Show Low, Sierra Vista, Snowflake, St Johns, Superior, Tombstone, Tuba City, Wickenburg, Willcox, Williams, Window Rock (Capital of Navajo Nation), Winslow, and Yuma. [PAR] More about Arizona and the United States: [PAR] Cities:[DOC] [TLE] The Geopolitics of the United States, Part 1: The ... The Geopolitics of the United States, Part 1: The Inevitable Empire | Stratfor [PAR] The Geopolitics of the United States, Part 1: The Inevitable Empire [PAR] Text Size [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Neptune - Pictures and Planetary Analysis Neptune - Pictures and Planetary Analysis [PAR] By John P. Millis, Ph.D [PAR] Discovery of Neptune [PAR] Neptune, the 8th and final planet from the Sun, is the only planet in our solar system that is not visible to the naked eye. [PAR] As a result it was the first planet to be discovered by mathematically calculating its position based on its gravitational influence on other solar system bodies. [PAR] However Neptune was \u201cseen\u201d much earlier than we credit its discovery. The planet can be detected using even very low-powered telescopes, but it is such a great distance that it appears fixed in the night sky, particularly as it enters retrograde. [PAR] It is for this reason that Galileo , the first thought to have seen Neptune, mistakenly categorized it as a star when he observed it around 1612. [PAR] It wasn\u2019t until 1821 when astronomers began to look more closely at Neptune. In that year Alexis Bouvard published an astronomical table that predicted the orbital path of Uranus , Neptune\u2019s nearest neighbor. [PAR] However, follow-up observations of the pale world revealed that something was influencing its motion, making it veer off course. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 10 Best Universities in the United States [PAR] Bouvard, confident in his work, concluded that another object was gravitationally influencing Uranus\u2019 motion. [PAR] Several calculations were offered to pinpoint the position of this mystery planet, the most accurate, ultimately, performed by Urbain Le Verrier, but astronomers at the largest observatories had little interest in doing the leg work. [PAR] But a student at the Berlin Observatory suggested to Johann Gottfried Galle, a principle astronomer at the observatory, that they could simply point the telescope in the direction of where the planet was predicted to be and compare what they saw to a recent star chart created of the region. By looking for discrepancies they might be able to located this new planet. [PAR] That first night of observation, they were able to locate and identify Neptune. As it happened, they had actually observed it twice before, but had overlooked it, believing it to be a star, and not bothering to check its position against a star chart. [PAR] Naming of Neptune [PAR] As with the discovery of Uranus, the revelation of a new planet set off a race to name the bluish orb. [PAR] Verrier, upon claiming the right to name the planet since it was his calculation that ultimately lead to its discovery, offered the name Neptune. (Even falsely claiming that the French naming authority had approved his suggestion.) [PAR] Soon after, Verrier himself changed his mind, wanting to name the new planet after himself. However, there was a significant refusal from British authorities, since their push to have Uranus named after its discoverer, Sir William Herschel, had been similarly shot down. [PAR] Therefore Neptune, the Roman God of the Sea, eventually won out. [PAR] Structure of Neptune [PAR] Neptune is structured very similarly to its nearby cousin, Uranus. The core, containing about 1.2 times the Earth\u2019s mass, is composed of rock, iron and nickel. [PAR] The core is surrounded by a thick, liquid mantel ranging in temperature from 2,000 \u2013 5000 kelvin. Some models place the mass of the mantel at nearly 15 times that of Earth. [PAR] Interestingly, a mantel of this type is often referred to as \u201cicy\u201d, despite the incredibly high temperatures. This is owed to the fact that because of the high pressure, the mantel exists in a highly conductive semi-liquid ocean. [PAR] The outermost part"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frankie Dettori wins Epsom Derby on favourite Golden Horn ... Frankie Dettori wins Epsom Derby on favourite Golden Horn - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] Frankie Dettori wins Epsom Derby on favourite Golden Horn [PAR] By Frank Keogh [PAR] From the section Horse Racing [PAR] Share this page [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Dettori led favourite Golden Horn to victory by three-and-a-half lengths [PAR] Frankie Dettori capped his renaissance with a thrilling victory on favourite Golden Horn to win the 236th running of the Derby at Epsom. [PAR] Dettori produced an ice-cool ride on the 13-8 favourite to beat his John Gosden-trained stablemate Jack Hobbs by three-and-a-half lengths, with Storm The Stars third. [PAR] The 44-year-old jockey punched the air as he passed the line and did a trademark flying dismount in the winner's enclosure. [PAR] \"It was unbelievable. The horse was brilliant,\" said Dettori, riding for the first time in the race since returning from a six-month drugs ban two years ago. [PAR] In his 20th Derby ride, it was a second victory in the race for the Italian-born rider, who triumphed for the first time at the 15th attempt on Authorized in 2007. [PAR] Dettori pushed Golden Horn clear of the challenge from Jack Hobbs in the final furlong [PAR] He bided his time before pouncing in the final furlong to deny Jack Hobbs, ridden by William Buick, who was running in the colours of Dettori's former long-time employers Godolphin. [PAR] \"Where do I start? What an unbelievable day,\" Dettori told BBC Radio 5 live. [PAR] \"I was excited at the big job ahead of me, but it all went like clockwork from start to finish. [PAR] \"When you're young, you don't really appreciate the full importance of this Derby, so it means a great deal to win it for a second time. [PAR] \"I've had a colourful life, but I'm not finished.\" [PAR] Racing correspondent Cornelius Lysaght's verdict: [PAR] \"Of course Dettori will grab most of the Derby headlines, but this was a highly significant result for all concerned. \"Golden Horn retains his unbeaten record brilliantly, so confirming the form of the Dante Stakes in which Jack Hobbs was also runner-up. \"It's all spectacularly vindicated Anthony Oppenheimer's decision to pay for the late entry, and his colt's stamina lasted every inch. \"And to saddle two Derby runners, as Gosden did, and to finish first and second is nothing short of magnificent.\" [PAR] Hans Holbein and Elm Park had battled for the lead early on, before the former stepped up the pace, but it was Jack Hobbs - named after the former England and Surrey cricketer - who hit the front as the race unfolded. [PAR] Dettori had to find room wide and the question was whether his horse would see out the demanding mile-and-a-half trip. [PAR] The answer was very much in the affirmative as he powered clear for a dominant victory to spark emotional scenes. [PAR] The 44-year-old dismounted the 13-8 favourite with his trademark leap from the saddle [PAR] Dettori had not ridden in the race since 2011 and had been written off by some observers when he initially struggled to regain his form after a split from Sheikh Mohammed's Godolphin team and a positive test for cocaine. [PAR] But the three-time champion jockey has been rejuvenated recently and found a highly-talented partner in the unbeaten Golden Horn. [PAR] Owner Anthony Oppenheimer had risked a \u00a375,000 supplementary fee to add the horse as a late addition to the Derby field, and landed the first prize of more than \u00a3800,000. [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Legends of the Fall (1994) - Rotten Tomatoes Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] A movie that I feel is both good and bad at the same time. While it is a powerful story, the script is so overly corny that it is ruined. The acting is so-so, Brad Pitt and Anthony Hopkins gave the only decent performances. [PAR] Conner Rainwater [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] \"Legends of the Fall\" is an epic set in the early 1900s about a close-knit family that randomly comes together and breaks apart. Tristan (Brad Pitt), Alfred (Aidan Quinn), and Samuel (Henry Thomas) have always been real close. One thing that all three brothers have in common is that they all go into war together and see how tough it is to experience such a struggle, even though their father, Colonel William Ludlow (Anthony Hopkins) doesn't like the idea. Another thing they have in common is that they all love Susannah (Julia Ormond). All of the characters in \"Legends of the Fall\" have their own separate personalities that can clash or come together at the drop of a hat. I could explain each of them, but that would give the movie away. Throughout the film, the different characters provide commentary about different events such as reading letters that are written, or telling personal thoughts. \"Legends of the Fall\" won the 1994 Oscar for best cinematography in a motion picture, and it's true, this film does have spectacular scenery and landscapes, but that's the least that \"Legends of the Fall\" has to offer. There are both good times and bad times in \"Legends of the Fall.\" Overall, it's a fairly depressing movie, but that's just because it's a realistic film about how jealousy and bad times such as war ruled the world back in the early 1900's, and probably even more these days. As I mentioned earlier, all of the main cast put out their absolute best effort in \"Legends of the Fall.\" As always, I was the utmost impressed by Anthony Hopkins's performance. Brad Pitt, who was the main star in this film, puts out what is his best effort ever, in my opinion. I can tell when a movie is one of my favorites of all time by how much I want to see it after I see it for the first time, and especially by how often I watch it after seeing it several times. \"Legends of the Fall\" is one of those movies that never has and never will get old to me. No matter what kind of movie you like, even if you're not crazy about epics or dramas, give \"Legends of the Fall\" a chance. It just might become one of your favorite motion picture legends. NOTE: That was my Amazon review from the year 2001. Indeed, Pitt's best, one of Hopkins's best, and one of my favorites. [PAR] Jason Owens [PAR] Super Reviewer [PAR] \u00bd [PAR] Dazzling, riveting and amazingly beautiful! There was a lot more to this film than just it's eye-pleasing visuals though, because it's also blessed with a well-written script, and a cast that leaves little to complain about (the most notable actors of which being Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins and Julia Ormond, who all shine in their respective roles). Great music score as well by James Horner. For all it's cinematic beauty, however, you'll not find your usual Hollywood ending here. It's more a tale of loss, revenge and tragedy, than anything else. Perhaps a tad too tragic for my taste, as I would have prefered to see a happier fate for its characters."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Queen \"Bloody\" Mary I Tudor of England - King's College QUEEN \"BLOODY\" MARY I [PAR] Queen \"Bloody\" Mary I Tudor of England [PAR] Queen Mary I of England reigned as Queen of England for a short five years (r.1553-1558), the first reigning queen since the disputed Mathilda in the 12th Century. Most historians consider her reign to be unfruitful in that she never was able to fulfill her dream of returning England to the Roman Catholic Church. She also never had any children of her own to continue her dynasty in England. Her foreign policies met with failure as well. [PAR] Born in 1516 to England's King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon , Mary lived quiet life as a royal princess until about 1527 when the king began to seek annulment of his marriage to her mother. Since Catherine had not produced a male heir, Henry feared that if Mary inherited the throne civil war might result. Since the pope refused to grant an annulment, in 1533 Henry's bishops dissolved the marriage and allowed Henry to marry Anne Boleyn , who soon gave birth to Mary's half-sister, Elizabeth . In all, England thus broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and began to follow Anglicanism. After Catherine's death, Henry in turn executed Anne Boleyn on a trumped-up charges of adultery conspiracy. His next wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to his long-desired heir, Edward, so both Mary and Elizabeth were treated as royal bastards. [PAR] Edward VI followed his father as king in 1547, but died already in 1553. Mary became queen only after a faction of Protestant nobles tried to put Lady Jane Grey, or the \"nine day queen,\" on the throne. Mary's overwhelming support by the powerful averted a serious civil war. Only a handful of executions followed, including Lady Jane. [PAR] Mary immediately went to work bringing the Roman Catholic faith back to England. She initially did this by rescinding the religious proclamations of Edward VI, and replacing them with old English laws enforcing heresy against the Church. In carrying out the last action, Mary earned her nickname, \"Bloody Mary,\" because during her reign, she had more than 300 persons burned at the stake for heresy. Among them was the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer. Chiefly because of her support of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church, she was never really able to gain the support of nobles and most of her countrymen. [PAR] In her drive to find an heir to the English throne, at the age of 37 Mary wed prince Philip II of Spain. This made her subjects even more apprehensive about her, because many viewed Spain as an archenemy of England. Twice during her reign she believed that she was with child, and even showed the symptoms of pregnancy. It seems that she had a \"hysterical pregnancy\" -- she had convinced herself so that her body responded as if she were pregnant. It has also been supposed that she might have had an ovarian cyst that not only prevented her from conceiving a child, but could have contributed to her early death in 1558. [PAR] Mary's foreign affairs had also met failure as well. Encouraged to ally with Spain by Philip in a war against France, Mary lost Calais, the only English held possession in France. Sadly, in 1558, deserted by her husband who went back to Spain to claim the Spanish throne, Mary realized that she would not be able to provide an heir, and was forced to recognize her sister, Elizabeth, an Anglican Protestant, as the next ruler"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Birthday Horoscope May 31st Gemini, If your Birthday is May 31 Birthday Horoscope May 31st Gemini, If your Birthday is May 31 [PAR] Birthday Horoscope for May 31st [PAR] If your Birthday is May 31 and your Zodiac Sign is Gemini [PAR] Birthday Persona Profile [PAR] People born specifically on the 31st of May are conceived to be clever, communicative, capable and determined with lots of the typical Gemini charm. The ruling astrological planet for this particular day is Uranus gracing you with plenty of imaginative creativity and intelligence. If you have this birthday your versatility and practicality allow you to approach problems with calmness and responsible competence. You will usually possess a strong streak of seriousness and although you are friendly and easygoing you do not ordinarily let feelings get in the way of good judgment. Entertaining and witty you love sharing your views and ideas with others but you can be quite argumentative and may have a tendency to repeat yourself. Individuals with a May the thirty first birthday are fairly confident on the outside yet emotionally you are less self assured. Your loving considerate temperament is soon hurt but you appear to have the ability to bounce back quickly. [PAR] Work and Finances [PAR] Career choices are usually easily made to a person born on the thirty first of May as you often have predetermined favored professions in mind. You are particularly attracted to public service type work that offers daily challenges and maybe a degree of danger. Once you decide on the most satisfying occupation you will be highly dedicated and likely to stay in the same job for many years. Managing financial matters is not one of your fortes. You are sometimes far too generous and occasionally a little careless with finances making it difficult to keep to a budget or save up for something special. [PAR] Personal Relationships [PAR] For a Gemini, the person born on the thirty first of May is typically attractive, talented and popular with many admirers. Your emotions are often more stable than most twins but you are not really sentimental or romantic and dislike feeling tied down. Despite this you long for emotional security and so tend to put a lot into a personal relationship to make it successful. You seek to build a comfortable lifestyle with someone who shares your quiet ambitions and makes you feel truly loved and complete. Affectionate and sincere you express desires well verbally and appreciate the physical side of a soul mate relationship as it helps you dispel any built up stress. Your lusty libido enjoys lighthearted fun and games with a partner as it soothes your nerves and induces relaxation. Loyal and devoted you are protective but not as a rule the jealous sort. [PAR] Health [PAR] Periods of ill health experienced by those born on May 31st are often more frequent due to your somewhat casual attitude to staying healthy. You can regularly neglect basic bodily demands as you are inclined to take healthiness for granted and only visit the doctor if you have no choice. As you mature you generally improve your mindset and take more interest in looking after yourself. People born on this day can be prone to bouts of self pity and may suffer low mood as a result. Adjustments in your diet could be of great assistance in regulating moodiness and helping you stay cheerful and less fatigued. [PAR] Strengths and Weaknesses [PAR] Your main strengths of character are seen in your efficiency, adaptability and the realistic outlook you have. These positive traits sit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Steve Harley | Biography | AllMusic Steve Harley | Biography & History | AllMusic [PAR] google+ [PAR] Artist Biography by Jason Ankeny [PAR] British rocker Steve Harley was born Steven Nice in London on February 27, 1951; the son of a jazz singer, he was stricken with polio at age two and spent the better part of his adolescence in and out of hospitals. After trying his hand at journalism, by the early '70s Harley was busking throughout London, forming the band Cockney Rebel in 1973 with guitarist Jean Paul Crocker, bassist Paul Jeffreys, keyboardist Milton Reame James, and drummer Stuart Elliott. Signing to EMI, the group debuted with The Human Menagerie ; the single \"Judy Teen\" followed in early in 1974, becoming Cockney Rebel's first hit. Psychomodo was also a success, but as Harley's combative relationship with the press worsened he dissolved the group soon after. A Harley solo single, \"Big Big Deal, \" preceded the formation of a new Cockney Rebel lineup, which again featured drummer Stuart Elliott in addition to new guitarist Jim Cregan, bassist George Ford and keyboardist Duncan McKay. [PAR] 1975's The Best Years of Our Lives generated Harley's first U.K. chart-topper, \"Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me), \" on its way to selling over a million copies; the follow-up Love's a Prima Donna also launched a Top Ten hit with its cover of the Beatles' \"Here Comes the Sun.\" But in the wake of 1977's Face to Face -- A Live Recording, Harley again disbanded Cockney Rebel and relocated to the U.S., recording the better part of Hobo With a Grin in Los Angeles before returning to Britain. 1979's The Candidate failed to restore his commercial lustre, and with the exception of a minor 1983 hit \"Ballerina (Prima Donna)\" he spent the better part of the '80s removed from the pop scene. When his recording of \"Mr. Soft\" experienced a rebirth thanks to its use in a television commercial, Harley assembled a hits collection of the same name. Soon after he formed a new incarnation of Cockney Rebel and regularly toured into the following decade. 1999's Stripped to Bare Bones documents an acoustic set recorded the year previous. Yes You Can was issued in summer 2000."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] K-Pop Star And North Korean Defectors to Perform on Korean ... K-Pop Star And North Korean Defectors to Perform on Korean-Japanese Disputed Territory | Hollywood Reporter [PAR] K-Pop Star And North Korean Defectors to Perform on Korean-Japanese Disputed Territory [PAR] 11:46 PM PDT 7/30/2014 by Lee Hyo-won [PAR] Courtesy of Lee Eun-seok [PAR] Lee Seung-chul [PAR] South Korean singer Lee Seung-chul has collaborated with Grammy-winning artist Steve Hodge to promote peace messages on the controversial Liancourt Rocks. [PAR] SEOUL \u2014 South Korean singer Lee Seung-chul and a group of North Korean defectors will perform on the Liancourt Rocks, a disputed territory between South Korea and Japan. [PAR] The veteran K-pop artist, who is also known as a judge on a local television talent show, will headline the concert on Aug. 14, ahead of Korea's Aug. 15 Independence Day from colonial Japan (1910-1945) . Called Dokdo in Korea and Takeshima in Japan, the Liancourt Rocks are located between the two Asian countries. It stands as a symbol of Japanese imperialism for Koreans, and North Korea has fully backed South Korea's sovereignty claim over the islets. [PAR] Lee will premiere a new song featuring With-U, a choir comprised of 55 young men and women in their 20s-30s who have defected from North Korea. The concert is part of the ON (One Nation) Campaign, a local effort to promote reunification of the two Koreas . In addition to addressing Northeast Asian geopolitical issues, however, the initiative raises humanitarian concerns about the plight of North Korean defectors. [PAR] PHOTOS Korea Box Office 2013: Top 10 Movies [PAR] Since the Korean War (1950-53), some 25,000 North Koreans are estimated to have escaped the reclusive hermit state, and according to Seoul's Ministry of Unification some 1,500 have annually arrived in South Korea in recent years. However, as chronicled in the internationally acclaimed film by Park Jung-bum, The Journals of Musan , North Korean defectors often face discrimination and poverty in South Korea. [PAR] Il Gun Yoon, a North Korean defector, initiated the ON Campaign with Lee to bring together other defectors and ultimately promote Koreas' unification. Esteemed Spanish painter Eva Airmisen also espouses the effort and has designed its logo. The campaign efforts are currently being broadcast in South Korea as a TV documentary. [PAR] \"Dokdo is one issue where North Korea and South Korea stand on a united front. Both polarized nations believe that Dokdo is inherently Korea's. Performing at Dokdo would be the ultimate symbolic gesture of unification that defines the 'ON' campaign and what Il Gun Yoon first envisioned,\" said campaign organizers. [PAR] \"I believe that hope can be conveyed through music, even in the most desperate times. Because music is universal and transcends cultural boundaries, it has a special way of bringing people together. That's what inspired me to start this unification campaign,\" said Lee. [PAR] STORY Why U.S., European Stars Are Divided Over Gaza [PAR] Lee composed \"The Day\" for the event next month. It is a collaborative effort with Japan-based Korean composer Yang Bang-ean, Grammy-winning mix engineer Steve Hodge and the Korea Symphony Orchestra. Three versions of \"The Day\" including an English rendition are due to be released in Korea in August. [PAR] \"I hope the concert can serve as a stepping stone to help curb the plight of North Koreans,\" added the singer, who wishes to perform with the defectors at other symbolic venues such as the United Nations headquarters in New York or the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two Koreas.[DOC] [TLE] Dokdo or Takeshima - Photos - The Big Picture - Boston.com Dokdo or Takeshima"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. | Josh ... No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. | Josh Mitteldorf [PAR] No, the body doesn\u2019t just wear out as we get older. [PAR] Posted on [PAR] by Josh Mitteldorf [PAR] Friends often look at me quizzically when I tell them this. One says, \u201cBut I can feel myself wearing down.\u201d And another: \u201cNothing works the way it used to. Isn\u2019t that the definition of wearing out?\u201d And again: \u201cDo you mean it\u2019s all in my head, it\u2019s not really happening?\u201d and then a moment later, \u201cdo you mean it doesn\u2019t have to be this way?\u201d [PAR] This last formulation is getting a little closer to what I mean. [PAR] Of course, loss of function with age is not just in your imagination, and it is very common (though not universal!) in the Animal Kingdom. But aging is not caused by wearing down. It is more accurately an orderly program of self-destruction, orchestrated by gene expression. Some aspects of aging appear as accumulated damage (e.g. cartilage worn away from joints, or build-up of cross-linked sugar-protein complexes), but on closer inspection even these are seen to be entirely avoidable consequences of the body shutting down its repair systems. [PAR] This column is devoted to the reasoning and the evidence that tells us aging cannot be, at root, a process of wear and accumulated damage. First, the theory: why there is no physical necessity for aging; second, a few examples of animals that age very slowly or not at all, and others that age super-fast; third, some familiar facts and a few unfamiliar facts about aging that tell us \u201cwearing out\u201d does not provide a helpful perspective. [PAR] [PAR] 1. The Physical Theory, and Why it Doesn\u2019t Apply to Living Things [PAR] There is no physical necessity for aging. [PAR] Man\u2019s earliest conception of aging was that the process was akin to physical wear and tear. Knives get dull \u2013 why shouldn\u2019t our teeth? Wheels get rusty and squeak when they turn \u2013 isn\u2019t that what happens to our joints? Water pipes fill with sediment over the years, just like our sclerotic arteries. It\u2019s a theory with a great deal of intuitive appeal. [PAR] But the analogy between living body andmachine is flawed. Living things are fundamentally homeostatic. They can repair themselves. They build themselves from a single egg cell, and simple animals can rebuild when damaged. A car takes in energy in the form of gasoline and uses the energy to propel itself forward. An animal takes in energy in the form of food and uses it to perform all the feats of metabolism, locomotion, foraging, signal processing, and evasion of predators; and a small portion of that energy is devoted to the \u201ccapital budget\u201d: breaking down and rebuilding damaged tissues; replicating cells; looking for copying errors in DNA and setting them right, detecting malformed protein molecules, breaking them down into constituent peptides for recycling into new molecules. This small part of the energy budget is all that is needed to keep the system in good repair indefinitely. [PAR] The Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy (disorder, degeneration, damage) must increase in any isolated physical system. But living systems are not isolated. Living things draw free energy* from their environment, use it internally, then dump waste entropy back into the environment. [PAR] This isn\u2019t some lucky feature, tacked on to living bodies, rescuing them from an ironclad law of physics. The capacity for homeostasis is built into the form and function"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Largest Cities In Europe - WorldAtlas.com Largest Cities In Europe - WorldAtlas.com [PAR] World Facts [PAR] Largest Cities In Europe [PAR] Moscow remain the most populous urban area on the European continent in terms of its respective metro area populations. Many other national capitals are also large cities. [PAR] The Kremlin in Moscow, Russia, Europe's most populous metropolis, has housed Russian Dukes, Tsars, Soviet First Secretaries, and Presidents since the 1400s. [PAR] Europe has a relatively slow growing population compared to all of the other inhabited continents of the world. As of 2010, the population of the continent was found to be 740 million, as per the estimates released by the United Nations. This figure represented only 11% of the world's population, and it is expected that by 2050, the European population's relative proportion will further fall to represent only 7% of the world population. A rapidly declining birth rate contributes to this dramatic decline in the continent\u2019s population. However, despite the fall in the continent of Europe's population, a large influx of immigrants from the developing and underdeveloped countries of the world, many in search of a better life in these European countries, are largely responsible for the booming populations that nonetheless do exist in the large metropolitan cities on the continent. If we observe the data on the most populous cities in Europe, we find that four cities of Europe make it across the 10 million-strong population mark, while 11 cities have a population of more than 3 million. This data clearly indicates that, despite the slow growth rate of the continent\u2019s population, its major metropolitan areas are still huge crowd pullers. [PAR] Largest City In Europe [PAR] The list of Europe\u2019s most populous cities reveals that the Russian capital of Moscow, the country\u2019s largest city, ranks the highest in the list with a metropolitan population of 16.2 million. Moscow serves as a major economic, political, cultural and scientific center, and a bridge of sorts between Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Asia. This is the reason for the city\u2019s enormous population, despite Moscow being one of the northernmost and coldest metropolises on Earth. According to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Moscow is ranked as an \"alpha global city\", meaning it has one of the world\u2019s largest urban economies. In the past, the city has served as the capital of major empires, and currently is the seat of power of the Russian Government. The rich infrastructure of the city, its prosperity and cosmopolitan nature, and its powerful presence in the world economy all act as catalysts to attract people to this most populous of European metropolises. Another Russian city, regarded to be the most \"Westernized\" Russian city as well, is the financially thriving and culturally rich former imperial capital of Russia. Namely, this is St. Petersburg, which, with a population of 5.1 million people, is the 10th most populous European city. [PAR] European National Capitals Dominate The List [PAR] When we look at the data on Europe\u2019s most populous cities, we also find that 5 German metropolitan areas feature on the list, with the Ruhr-Essen-Dusseldorf region of Germany, with a population of 13.4 million people, being the second most populous European metropolitan area. Despite occupying a smaller land area than many European countries, Germany is Europe\u2019s second most populated nation. This could be the result of the high immigration rates of people, primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe, into Germany, and the country\u2019s liberal policies regarding harboring of refugees and political asylum seekers. The attractive economic prospects of Germany also bring people to the country."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Royal Mint releases \u00a320 dragon coin to 'portray the Welsh ... Royal Mint releases \u00a320 dragon coin to 'portray the Welsh spirit' [PAR] News [PAR] Royal Mint releases \u00a320 dragon coin to 'portray the Welsh spirit' [PAR] The royal mint has struck a commemorative silver twenty pound coin featuring the Welsh Dragon. The coin has been produced to celebrate the spirit of the people in Wales Credit: Royal Mint/WALES NEWS SERVICE [PAR] David Millward [PAR] 3 July 2016 \u2022 9:29am [PAR] With impeccable timing the Royal Mint has announced that it is releasing a \u00a320 dragon coin to \u201cportray the Welsh spirit\u201d. [PAR] The collector\u2019s item \u2013 it is not designed to be spent \u2013 is being produced in the Welsh town of Llantrisant, the Royal Mint\u2019s base since it moved from Tower Hill in London in 1968. [PAR] News of the new dragon design comes with Welsh pride soaring after the country\u2019s football team reaching the semi-finals or Euro 2016 \u2013 its best performance in 58 years. [PAR] The dragon design was created by Norman Sillman, a sculptor who trained at the Royal College of Art. He received his first commission from the Mint in 1958. [PAR] It is taken from a drawing provided by the College of Arms and is the same design as that which appeared on \u00a31 coins in 1995 and 2000 when the Mint produced a series reflecting all for members of the United Kingdom. [PAR] \"This Welsh Dragon \u00a320 coin portrays the Welsh spirit and the excellence and craftsmanship of our workforce - something of which we are all so proud,\" said Anne Jessopp, the Mint\u2019s director of commemorative coin. [PAR] News latest [PAR] 20 Jan 2017, 1:35pm[DOC] [TLE] Money and Coins in Wales from Medieval to Modern Times Money and Coins in Wales from Medieval to Modern Times [PAR] [PAR] Money in Medieval Wales [PAR] Did any of the native rulers of Wales issue their own coins and how does the experience of Wales compare with that of other Celtic countries? [PAR] There is a half a chapter on numismatics in the book by Ian Jack: [PAR] Jack, R. Ian. Medieval Wales. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1972. [PAR] ISBN 0 340 12694 9. [PAR] Jack has a couple of pages on the coin struck for Hywel Dda in the 10th century and briefly discusses claims that other Welsh princes issued coins. The only one of these that Jack attaches much credence to is a report by Edward Lhuyd in 1698 that the Bishop of Bangor told him that one of his relations had possessed a coin issued by Llewelyn ab Iorwerth, or Llywelyn the Great, (who became Prince of Gwynedd in about 1197 and extended his rule over much of the rest of Wales in the next two decades, his reign ending with his death in 1240). Lhyud said that the Bishop (whose knowledge of Old Welsh was claimed by Lhyud himself to be even greater than his own) had shown the coin to many of his acquaintances who confirmed his story. [PAR] Lhuyd's account seems to imply that the coin had unfortunately been lost by the time he was told the story. Jack is much more sceptical of claims for coin production by other Welsh princes and concludes his discussion of the minting activities of native princes thus: \"the evidence amounts to one virtually certain coin, one very doubtful coin of a doubtful prince, one well-attested lost piece of Llywelyn the Great and some lost triangular curiosities. With Norman and Angevin mintings in Wales, the evidence, though still uncomfortably scanty,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is a female zebra called? | Reference.com What is a female zebra called? | Reference.com [PAR] What is a female zebra called? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] As with horses, female zebras are called mares, and males are called stallions. All baby zebras are called foals, but young males are colts, and young females are fillies. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Zebras are social animals that travel in herds and graze together in grassy plains. Their herds usually consist of a stallion, several females and their offspring. These smaller units often combine to create large groups that can sometimes consist of thousands of zebras. These large numbers help them defend themselves against predators such as lions and hyenas. Each zebra's striped pattern is unique, and these patterns are often compared to a human's fingerprint in that no two are alike."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Circle - Math is Fun Circle [PAR] Circle [PAR] A circle is easy to make: [PAR] Draw a curve that is \"radius\" away [PAR] from a central point. [PAR] All points are the same distance from the center. [PAR] You Can Draw It Yourself [PAR] Put a pin in a board, put a loop of string around it, and insert a pencil into the loop. Keep the string stretched and draw the circle! [PAR] Play With It [PAR] Try dragging the point to see how the radius and cirfcumference change. [PAR] Radius, Diameter and Circumference [PAR] The Radius is the distance from the center outwards. [PAR] The Diameter goes straight across the circle, through the center. [PAR] The Circumference is the distance once around the circle. [PAR] And here is the really cool thing: [PAR] When we divide the circumference by the diameter we get 3.141592654... [PAR] which is the number \u03c0 ( Pi ) [PAR] So when the diameter is 1, the circumference is 3.141592654... [PAR] [PAR] We can say: [PAR] Circumference = \u03c0 \u00d7 Diameter [PAR] Example: You walk around a circle which has a diameter of 100m, how far have you walked? [PAR] Distance walked = Circumference = \u03c0 \u00d7 100m [PAR] = 314m (to the nearest m) [PAR] Also note that the Diameter is twice the Radius: [PAR] Diameter = 2 \u00d7 Radius [PAR] And so this is also true: [PAR] Circumference = 2 \u00d7 \u03c0 \u00d7 Radius [PAR] The length of the words may help you remember: [PAR] Radius is the shortest word [PAR] Diameter is longer (and is 2 \u00d7 Radius) [PAR] Circumference is the longest (and is \u03c0 \u00d7 Diameter) [PAR] Definition [PAR] A = 3.14159... \u00d7 1.44 = 4.52 (to 2 decimals) [PAR] Area Compared to a Square [PAR] A circle has about 80% of the area of a similar-width square. [PAR] The actual value is (\u03c0/4) = 0.785398... = 78.5398...% [PAR] Names [PAR] Because people have studied circles for thousands of years special names have come about. [PAR] Nobody wants to say \"that line that starts at one side of the circle, goes through the center and ends on the other side\" when a word like \"Diameter\" will do. [PAR] So here are the most common special names: [PAR] Lines [PAR] A line that goes from one point to another on the circle's circumference is called a Chord. [PAR] If that line passes through the center it is called a Diameter. [PAR] A line that \"just touches\" the circle as it passes by is called a Tangent. [PAR] And a part of the circumference is called an Arc. [PAR] Slices [PAR] There are two main \"slices\" of a circle. [PAR] The \"pizza\" slice is called a Sector . [PAR] And the slice made by a chord is called a Segment . [PAR] Common Sectors [PAR] The Quadrant and Semicircle are two special types of Sector: [PAR] Quarter of a circle is called a Quadrant. [PAR] Half a circle is called a Semicircle. [PAR] Inside and Outside [PAR] A circle has an inside and an outside (of course!). But it also has an \"on\", because we could be right on the circle. [PAR] Example: \"A\" is outside the circle, \"B\" is inside the circle and \"C\" is on the circle.[DOC] [TLE] What is Circle, Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Centre ... What is Circle, Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Centre ? | mathematicssolution [PAR] Home / Geometry / What is Circle, Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Centre ? [PAR] What is Circle, Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Centre ? [PAR] Shah Alam January 10, 2016 Geometry Leave a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ebony & Ivory-Stevie Wonder & Sir Paul McCartney - YouTube Ebony & Ivory-Stevie Wonder & Sir Paul McCartney - YouTube [PAR] Ebony & Ivory-Stevie Wonder & Sir Paul McCartney [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Feb 27, 2008 [PAR] A good video with a good message from the early 80s.I remember having the 45RPM single of this.(Disclaimer:To YouTube,the record company,and to all viewers,I do not claim copyrights to this,I'm simply posting it because I love the video) [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 2001: Prescott punches protester BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 2001: Prescott punches protester [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 2001: Prescott punches protester [PAR] The Labour Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, has punched a protester who threw an egg at him during a visit to Rhyl in north Wales. [PAR] The undignified brawl happened as the Labour deputy stepped off the so-called Prescott Express campaign bus. [PAR] Television pictures clearly showed Mr Prescott aiming a left jab at a man after being hit on the side of the face by an egg. [PAR] The two men were then involved in a scuffle before the police intervened. [PAR] Craig threw an egg at Mr Prescott, who was walking past after getting off the battle bus. Then Mr Prescott grabbed him by the scruff of the neck and thumped him. [PAR] Protester's girlfriend [PAR] A 29-year-old man was taken away in handcuffs. He was later identified by his girlfriend as Craig Evans, a farm worker from Denbigh. [PAR] The woman, who did not want to be named, said: \"He's a placid lad who has never been in trouble. [PAR] \"Craig threw an egg at Mr Prescott, who was walking past after getting off the battle bus. Then Mr Prescott grabbed him by the scruff of the neck and thumped him.\" [PAR] Mr Prescott said: \"I was attacked by an individual. In the melee that followed I clearly defended myself. I believe that someone is now being questioned by the police and it would be quite improper and quite wrong to add any further comment.\" [PAR] The television pictures of the incident appear to show Mr Prescott trapped against a wall after his left fist flew and he and the protester became locked together in a struggle. [PAR] The deputy prime minister, who was clearly shaken, was then led into the theatre where he was due to address an election rally. [PAR] Assistant Chief Constable Clive Wolfendale said: \"Clearly if there are any allegations made against him as a result of these incidents, we will investigate. If that means questioning Mr Prescott, we will do that.\" [PAR] Today also saw the launch of Labour's manifesto in Birmingham. But that did not go quite according to plan either, after Prime Minister Tony Blair was confronted by a woman who said Labour had failed the NHS. [PAR] Sharron Storer, whose boyfriend is a cancer patient, confronted Mr Blair in full view of the TV cameras, berating him for the treatment her boyfriend had received. [PAR] Labour was elected in 1997 on a promise to \"save\" the NHS but the encounter with Miss Storer forced Mr Blair to admit he had only \"just begun\" to fulfil some of the promises made four years before. [PAR] The manifesto, Ambitions for Britain, has set out 10-year targets for key objectives and there are promises to spend more on education, health and transport over the next three years. [PAR] Full footage of the brawl [PAR] In Context [PAR] A number of newspaper surveys carried out after Mr Prescott's punch suggested the public supported his actions. It earned him the nickname \"Two Jabs\" - a variation on the more familiar Two Jags from his apparent fondness for luxury cars. [PAR] He later described the incident as \"frightening and regrettable\". [PAR] In a news conference Prime Minister Tony Blair explained away the punch-up, saying, \"John is John.\" [PAR] Mr Prescott was interviewed by police but he was not prosecuted. The Crown Prosecution Service concluded there was not a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Etna Volcano, Italy: Map, Facts, Eruption Pictures Mount Etna Volcano, Italy: Map, Facts, Eruption Pictures [PAR] Article by Jessica Ball [PAR] Mount Etna: Introduction [PAR] Mount Etna is Europe's highest and most active volcano . Towering above the city of Catania on the island of Sicily, it has been growing for about 500,000 years and is in the midst of a series of eruptions that began in 2001. It has experienced a variety of eruption styles , including violent explosions and voluminous lava flows. More than 25% of Sicily's population lives on Etna's slopes, and it is the main source of income for the island, both from agriculture (due to its rich volcanic soil) and tourism. [PAR] Map: Where is Etna? [PAR] Map showing the location of Mount Etna on the east coast of Sicily. Map by Geology.com and MapResources. Nearby Volcanoes: Stromboli , Vesuvius [PAR] [PAR] Mount Etna: Plate Tectonic Setting [PAR] Mount Etna is associated with the subduction of the African plate under the Eurasian plate, which also produced Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei, but is part of a different volcanic arc (the Calabrian rather than Campanian). A number of theories have been proposed to explain Etna's location and eruptive history, including rifting processes, a hot spot, and intersection of structural breaks in the crust. Scientists are still debating which best fits their data, and are using a variety of methods to build a better image of the Earth's crust below the volcano. [PAR] Simplified plate tectonics cross section (A to B) [PAR] Simplified plate tectonics cross-section showing how Mount Etna is located above a subduction zone formed where the Eurasian and African plates collide. In this subduction zone a window has torn in the subducting slab. [PAR] Facts About Mount Etna [PAR] Stromboli Vesuvius [PAR] Mount Etna: Eruption History [PAR] Etna's eruptions have been documented since 1500 BC, when phreatomagmatic eruptions drove people living in the eastern part of the island to migrate to its western end. The volcano has experienced more than 200 eruptions since then, although most are moderately small. Etna's most powerful recorded eruption was in 1669, when explosions destroyed part of the summit and lava flows from a fissure on the volcano's flank reached the sea and the town of Catania, more than ten miles away. This eruption was also notable as one of the first attempts to control the path of flowing lava. [PAR] The Catanian townspeople dug a channel that drained lava away from their homes, but when the diverted lava threatened the village of Paterno, the inhabitants of that community drove away the Catanians and forced them to abandon their efforts. An eruption in 1775 produced large lahars when hot material melted snow and ice on the summit, and an extremely violent eruption in 1852 produced more than 2 billion cubic feet of lava and covered more than three square miles of the volcano's flanks in lava flows. Etna's longest eruption began in 1979 and went on for thirteen years; its latest eruption began in March 2007, and is still ongoing. [PAR] Mt. Etna Eruption (October 30, 2002) [PAR] An oblique photograph of Mount Etna looking to the southeast taken by astronauts onboard the International Space Station on October 30,2002. The dark plume rising from the top of the volcano is an ash cloud. The broad white cloud streaming from areas of lower elevation is smoke produced by forest fires ignited as a hot lava flow moved through a pine forest. The ash and smoke caused air traffic to be diverted and forced the closing of roads, schools"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How many wings does a bee have? | Reference.com How many wings does a bee have? | Reference.com [PAR] How many wings does a bee have? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] All castes and species of bee have four wings. The pair of wings that is closer to the head is always larger and folds over the rear pair when the bee is at rest. The rear pair is shorter and hooks into the forward pair when unfolded for flight. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The rear pair has a line of hooks on the front edge that connects into a line of grooves on the back edge of the other wings. This couples the wings together and makes them into a single, large flight surface. Some bees have very short rear wings and cannot fly. The wings beat very rapidly in short, choppy strokes that cause the wing surfaces to flop backward and reverse direction. This allows bees to fly despite their aerodynamics being very different from fixed-wing fliers like airplanes."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] January River - definition of January River by The Free ... January River - definition of January River by The Free Dictionary [PAR] January River - definition of January River by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/January+River [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . [PAR] Rio de Ja\u00b7nei\u00b7ro [PAR] (d\u0101 zh\u0259-n\u00e2r\u2032\u014d, d\u0113, d\u012d) Familiarly known as \"Rio.\" [PAR] A city of southeast Brazil on Guanabara Bay, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean. The city's name, Portuguese for \"River of January,\" reflects the fact that the first European explorers to visit the bay, in January 1502, believed it was the mouth of a river. The city, founded in 1565, was the capital of Brazil from 1763 until 1960, when the government was transferred to Bras\u00edlia. [PAR] Rio de Janeiro [PAR] Rio [PAR] n [PAR] 1. (Placename) a port in SE Brazil, on Guanabara Bay: the country's chief port and its capital from 1763 to 1960; backed by mountains, notably Sugar Loaf Mountain; founded by the French in 1555 and taken by the Portuguese in 1567. Pop: 11 469 000 (2005 est). [PAR] 2. (Placename) a state of E Brazil. Capital: Rio de Janeiro. Pop: 14 724 475 (2002). Area: 42 911 sq km (16 568 sq miles) [PAR] Ri\u2022o de Ja\u2022nei\u2022ro [PAR] (\u02c8ri o\u028a de\u026a \u0292\u0259\u02c8n\u025b\u0259r o\u028a, d\u0292\u0259-, di, d\u0259) [PAR] n. [PAR] 1. a state in SE Brazil. 13,316,455; 17,091 sq. mi. (44,268 sq. km). [PAR] 2. the capital of this state, on Guanabara Bay: former capital of Brazil. 5,184,292. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] West Side Story -- Fact Sheet West Side Story -- Fact Sheet [PAR] WEST SIDE STORY FACT SHEET [PAR] Leonard Bernstein\u0092s 1985 Recording of His Landmark Theater Work [PAR] Guide and Commentary by Jack Gottlieb [PAR] STORY SOURCES [PAR] It is widely known that West Side Story (WSS) is based directly on Shakespeare\u0092s Romeo and Juliet (R&J). Far less well known is the fact that Shakespeare based his play (1594) on other material, particularly a narrative poem by Arthur Brooke entitled The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet (1562). The theme of two lovers thwarted by circumstances beyond their control, however, had long before been established in Western legend: Troilus and Cressida, Tristan and Isolde, to name only two such pairs. In more recent times, American folklore had assimilated the myth into the feud between the Hatfields and McCoys. [PAR] Brooke\u0092s description of R&J as an \"vnfortunate coople\" displays a puritanical streak: [PAR] \" . . . louers, thrilling themselves to vnhonest desire, neglecting the authoritie and aduise of parents and frendes.\" [PAR] Shakespeare transcended the question of morality, though he borrowed freely from the earlier poem, and in fact, he replicated Brooke\u0092s actual words in at least three instances. But Brooke pales by comparison. Shakespeare rapturously expanded the soliloquies, and fashioned new personages endowing them with nobility. [PAR] Although there are many borrowings of plot and content from R&J to WSS, Arthur Laurents, author of the book for the musical, did not verbally borrow from Shakespeare. But just as Shakespeare transformed Brook\u0092s [PAR] \"Drunken gossypes, superstitious friers, vnchastitie, the shame of stolne contractes hastyng to more vnhappye deathe,\" [PAR] so Laurents replaces the second half of Shakespeare\u0092s play, which he tells us, [PAR] \"rests on Juliet\u0092s swallowing a magic potion, a device that would not be swallowed in a modern play.\" [PAR] He continues: [PAR] \"In the book (why are the spoken words for a musical show called this?) . . . the dialogue is my translation of adolescent street talk into theater: it may sound real, but it isn\u0092t.\" [PAR] That he succeeded, and did so brilliantly, is attested to by his companion-in-arms Alan Jay Lerner: [PAR] \"Arthur Laurent\u0092s book, with its moving re-telling of the Romeo and Juliet tale. . . is a triumph of style and model of its genre. As a fellow tradesman, I was filled with the deepest admiration.\" [PAR] Interestingly, in two of his post-WSS screen plays, Laurents subliminally returns to the R&J theme. In The Turning Point (featuring Mikhail Baryshnikov and Leslie Browne in the Pas de Deux from Prokofiev\u0092s balletic treatment of R&J) he explores the conflict between marriage and career. In The Way We Were, the conflict is between political activism (embodied by the Jewish girl, portrayed by Barbra Streisand) and social passivity (her gentile lover, Robert Redford) [PAR] Was this Way We Were in some way a recall of the original idea for WSS? Jerome Robbins had at first envisioned Juliet as a Jewish girl and Romeo as an Italian Catholic. The action, set during the Easter-Passover season, was to have occurred on the Lower East Side of New York City. Hence the title might have been EAST Side Story. (Another working title was Gangway!) That was in 1949. Six years later, Laurents and Leonard Bernstein were working (independently) in Hollywood, where they conferred on the aborted project. The newspapers were filled with reports of street riots by Chicano Americans in Los Angeles. Those headlines turned the trick, triggering the imaginations of the collaborators. The locale swiftly shifted to New York\u0092s West Side, and in 1957 WSS"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who saw Lot's wife become pillar of salt? - Bible study Who saw Lot's wife become pillar of salt? [PAR] Submit questions - New Articles [PAR] QUESTION: Did anyone witness Lot's wife becoming a pillar of salt when she looked back at Sodom ? [PAR] ANSWER: In regard to anyone seeing Lot's wife becoming salt we sometimes have to simply trust God and the Bible . We could ask a question like this one such as: Who saw God create the universe , all life and even the first man? Another Biblical example is that we have no written eyewitness accounts of a great fish swallowing Jonah or of the same fish being seen spitting him out on some beach three days later. It all comes down to faith. [PAR] Lot's wife did not merely take a quick glance behind her to see the destruction of the cities. The English word \"look\" used to describe her action in Genesis 19:17 and 26, comes from the Hebrew nabat ( Strong's Concordance #H5027), which means to look intently at in a favorable manner. In short, she turned to longingly and (no doubt) regretfully witness the destruction of the places she really liked. Lot's wife's attitude about Sodom, and the willingness to minimize or overlook the gross sins and self-destructive behavior occurring where she resided, may have rubbed off on her daughters. It could have played a part in their willingness, just a short time after Sodom's demise, to do whatever it took to ensure they would have children (see Genesis 19:30 - 38). [PAR] Lot, not suprisingly, hesitated as he left Sodom. The two angels , who were sent to escourt Lot and his family out of Sodom before its destruction, had to grab their hands and lead them quickly out of harm's way. As they dashed out of 'sin city' the angels told the family 'Run for your lives! DON'T LOOK BACK and don't stop in the valley.' (Genesis 19:17). When the family reached the small town of Zoar , just as the sun was rising, 'Suddenly the Lord rained burning sulfur on the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah . . .' (Genesis 19:24). It was then that the wife of Lot turned to look at what was happening and became a pillar of salt (verse 26). [PAR] Lot's wife stopped running away from the city just long enough to turn around and view the destruction of where she use to live. As she stood amazed at what she saw, many Bible commentaries agree some of the burning or molten sulphur (translated as \" brimstone \" in the KJV Bible ) likely fell on her from the sky and crystallized her into a salt pillar.[DOC] [TLE] Why was Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt? Why was Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt? [PAR] Why was Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt? [PAR] [PAR] Subscribe to our Question of the Week : [PAR] Question: \"Why was Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt?\" [PAR] Answer: Genesis 19 tells the story of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot, Abraham\u2019s nephew, lived in Sodom with his family. His daughters were engaged to local men. Lot was sitting at the gate of Sodom, the area where financial and judicial transactions took place, when two angels came into town. Lot invited them to stay with his family. After a rather exciting evening, the angels made sure Lot, his wife, and his two daughters left before God destroyed the city (Genesis 19:13). As they fled, the angels"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BUTTERFLY ARTICLES - Butterfly world - butterfly pictures ... Punctuations Butterflies [PAR] Predator Mimicry [PAR] Punctuation marks are symbols that are used in sentences and phrases to make the meaning. [PAR] A group of butterflies bears punctuation marks on their wings and are popularly known as Punctuation Butterflies. They belong to the family Nymphalinae. Also known as Brush footed butterflies, they are found in large numbers in tropical areas of the world. [PAR] Two species of butterflies Question marks and Commas are exclusive to this group. Both get their names from the tiny mark that resembles the punctuation marks, Question or Comma on the lower edge of hind wing. Their scientific names are derived from this distinguishing feature. Question marks are called, Polygonia interrogations, and the Commas, Polygonia comma. [PAR] Question marks and Commas are identical in their wing structure and color except for their characteristic punctuation mark. Adult question marks are slightly larger than commas. The wings of these butterflies have angular edges and bear leaf like patterns. When the wings are spread out, the color is orange with black spots. The color may vary from bright to pale shades from season to season. [PAR] Adult question marks and commas hibernate in groups. Their wings are held vertically as is characteristic of all butterflies, revealing the leaf pattern. They appear, in this position as leaves. This helps to disguise the butterflies from predators. [PAR] Food habit of these butterflies is peculiar. Adult question marks feed on sap flows, rotting fruit, dung, mud or even carcasses. They rarely visit flowers to feed on nectar. Commas too have a similar feeding habit, but they do not prefer carcasses or dung. [PAR] Both question marks and commas are migrants. In Wisconsin, the Question mark has been found to over winter as an adult. It flies and mates in spring. The summer generation flies from late June through mid July. In August, the second generation appears and flies into October. On the east coast, the Question marks migrate in large numbers, south in the fall and north in the spring. [PAR] The question marks and commas live together. But they do not interbreed. Between the question mark and the comma, it is the dot that separates the two!! Read Next Article : Gypsy Moth >> [PAR] Home | butterfly articles | cocoon articles | cartoons | coloring | Fun & Puzzles | Animations | Bookmark Us | Contact Us [PAR] BUTTERFLYZONE.ORG [PAR] Visit Our Other Network site for informative and Web maste tools. This site is designed and powered by Ardoris.com [PAR] BUTTERFLYZONE.ORG IS DEDICATED FOR WORLD'S BUTTERFLY AND INSECTS STORIES [PAR] Copy right content. [PAR] No content is to be copied or produced without prior information to the site administrator. [PAR] Please Contact for Butterfly site's links on ButterflyZone.Org. [PAR] All content is copy righted. Thanks for Visit!."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Terry McCann Years 1979-1989 - Minder The Terry McCann Years 1979-1989 [PAR] The Terry McCann Years: 1979-1989 [PAR] 'The Minder' [PAR] Click for details [PAR] When the series began it focused on Arthur Daley's over worked and under paid Minder, Terry McCann played by Dennis Waterman. The idea for Minder came from writer Leon Griffiths, who had previously written many scripts for film & television. The inspiration for the show came from stories he had heard in North London drinking clubs. Leon's original title for the series was simply 'The Minder' and many of his original ideas on how he envisaged the series can be read in his novel 'Minder - A Novel By Leon Griffiths' published around three months before the first series started in July 1979. [PAR] In this novel we learn a little more about how Arthur & Terry came to meet each other, Terry's involvement in boxing and his criminal record as well a little background on Arthur Daley and even his wife's first name (which the book tells us is Sarah). After writing scripts for the first series, Leon suffered a stroke and did not return to writing for the show until its third series in 1982. Because of this, several regular script writers contributed to the series, including Tony Hoare and Andrew Payne. [PAR] 'Minder how you go' - 1985 Interview with Leon Griffiths [PAR] Leon Griffiths continued to write for the series until the end of its sixth series in 1985 and he sadly passed away in June 1992. After Minder had reached the end of its fifth series in 1985, most involved believed it would be the end of the show. Leon's final contribution to the series was the final episode of the sixth series 'Waiting For Goddard'. [PAR] At this time Leon Griffiths was interviewed about Minder. To read this short interview, click on the image above. [PAR] George Cole & Dennis Waterman ... 'Fright' & 'The Sweeney' [PAR] Little did they know that at this time they were soon to become the duo that was Arthur Daley & Terry McCann - enjoyed by millions each week in the 1980s. [PAR] The superb 1970s police series 'The Sweeney' is really where the Minder story begins, also made by Euston Films. When 'The Sweeney' ended, Euston Films were looking for a new series for Dennis Waterman and the idea of Minder came along. Already an established actor, Dennis Waterman had become a familiar face on TV as a result of 'The Sweeney' and George Cole had appeared alongside him in this show in an episode called 'Tomorrow Man' in 1976. [PAR] Click for details [PAR] Interestingly, 'The Sweeney' was not the first time that George Cole and Dennis Waterman had been cast together. Even before 'Tomorrow Man', the pair had previously appeared in the 1971 thriller 'Fright' starring Susan George, Ian Banner, Honor Blackman and Roger Lloyd Pack. The film is about the story of a teenage babysitter Amanda (played Susan George) who arrives at the Lloyd home (Mr Lloyd played by George Cole) to babysit their young son for the evening. [PAR] Mrs Lloyd (played by Honor Blackman) is hiding a shocking secret that could cost Amanda her life. Dennis Waterman plays the role of Amanda's boyfriend. This is the first time the two actors had appeared together on screen though neither of them was aware that they had appeared in the film until several years later when they were discussing the film while sitting in a car. They were unware of this as they appear in different"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Michael Jackson AutoBiography - Tripod.com Michael Jackson AutoBiography [PAR] Michael Jackson AutoBiography [PAR] Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, on a late summer night on August 29, 1958; the seventh of nine children. Father Joe Jackson was born in Arkansas. In 1949 Joe married Katherine Scruse, whose people are from Alabama. [PAR] Joe Jackson had his own band, \"The Falcons\", they would practice after work in the living room of their house in Gary. Joe soon discovered the talent of his sons and founded the family band \"The Jacksons\". They would later become \"The Jackson 5\". Little Michael always watched his brothers rehearse - when he was about 5 years old he joined the group and became the lead singer of The Jackson 5. [PAR] Michael's first public appearance was at a school program in the first grade in 1963 [Garnett Elementary School in Gary]. Wearing black pants and a white shirt, he sang \"Climb Ev'ry Mountain\" from The Sound of Music. The reaction was overwhelming. Michael: \"When I finished that song, the reaction in the auditorium overwhelmed me. The applause was thunderous and people were smiling; some of them were standing. My teachers were crying and I just couldn't [PAR] [Michael's parents] [PAR] believe it. I had made them all happy. It was such a great feeling. I felt a little confused too, because I didn't think I had done anything special. I was just singing the way I sang at home every night. When you're performing, you don't realize what you sound like or how you're coming across. You just open your mouth and sing.\" [PAR] Soon Joe was grooming the band for talent contests. Michael: \"We'd perform for him and he'd critique us. If you messed up, you got hit, sometimes with a belt, sometimes with a switch. My father was real strict with us - real strict.\" At the age of 6, Michael and the Jackson 5 started collecting trophies with their act at various talent shows or amateur nights. [PAR] A local record studio, Steeltown, owned by Mr Keith, gave the Jackson 5 their first chance - the single \"Big Boy\" was released in 1968. They even got radio play in Gary and became a big deal in their neighborhood. [PAR] In winter 1968, they finally reached what they were so hard working for. Motown Records took them under contract. [PAR] [Big Boy Single] [PAR] Berry Gordy, owner of Motown Records, promised: \"Your first record will be number one, your second record will be a number one, and so will your third record. Three number one records in a row. You'll hit the charts just as Diana Ross and the Supremes did.\" [PAR] All the big Motown stars had emigrated to California along with Berry Gordy after he moved from Detroit - and so did the Jackson family. [PAR] Suzanne de Passe was having a great effect on their lives. She worked for Motown, and it was she who trained them religiously once they moved to Los Angeles. She also became a manager for the Jackson 5. [PAR] [Michael, Berry & Suzanne] [PAR] Freddy Perrin, Bobby Taylor and Deke Richards, who, along with Hal Davis and \"Fonce\" Mizell, were part of the team that wrote and produced their first singles. Together these guys were called \"The Corporation\". [PAR] When \"I Want You Back\" was released in November 1969, it sold 2 million copies in 6 weeks and went to number one. Their next single, \"ABC\", came out in March 1970 and sold 2 million records in 3 weeks. When their third single,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Craps Rules, How To Play - il dado Craps Rules, How To Play [PAR] Rules and how to play Craps: [PAR] The basics [PAR] Casino Craps (or Bank Craps), a dice game, is one of the most exciting casino games. It is common to hear yelling and shouting at a craps table. It is played on a purpose-built table and two dice are used. The dice are made after very strict standards and are routinely inspected for any damage. As a matter of course, the dice are replaced with new ones after about eight hours of use, and casinos have implemented rules in the way a player handles them. [PAR] To begin, the Shooter (one of the players) must bet at least the table minimum on either the Pass Line or the Don't Pass Line (sometimes called 'win' or 'right' bets and 'don\ufffdt win' or 'wrong' bets). The shooter is presented with multiple dice (normally five) by the Stickman, and must choose two to roll with. The remaining dice are returned to the Stickman's Bowl and are not used. [PAR] The shooter must handle the dice with one hand only when throwing and the dice must hit the walls on the opposite end of the table. In the event that one or both dice are thrown off the table, they must be inspected (usually by the stickman) before putting them back into play. [PAR] The craps table can accommodate up to about 20 players, who each get a round of throws or at 'shooting' the dice. If you don't want to throw the dice, you can bet on the thrower. Several types of bets can be made on the table action. The casino crew consist of a Stickman, Boxman and two Dealers. [PAR] The game is played in rounds, with the right to roll the dice by each player moving clockwise around the craps table at the end of each round. A player may choose not to roll but can continue to bet. [PAR] Each round has two phases: Come Out and Point. To start a round, the shooter makes one or more Come Out rolls. A Come Out roll of 2, 3 or 12 (called Craps, the shooter is said to 'crap out') ends the round with players losing their Pass Line bets. A Come Out roll of 7 or 11 (a Natural) results in a win for Pass Line bets. The shooter continues to make Come Out rolls until he rolls 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10, which number becomes the Point. The dealer then moves an On button to the point number signifying the second phase of the round. If the shooter rolls the point number, the result is a win for bets on the Pass Line. If the shooter rolls a seven (a Seven-out), the pass line loses and the round ends. [PAR] The first roll of the dice in a betting round is the Come Out roll - a new game in Craps begins with the Come Out roll. A Come Out roll can be made only when the previous shooter fails to make a winning roll, that is, fails to make the Point or makes a Seven-out (rolls a seven). [PAR] A new game then begins with a new shooter. If the current shooter does make his Point, the dice are returned to him and he then begins the new Come Out roll. This is a continuation of that shooter's roll, although technically, the Come Out roll identifies a new game about to begin. [PAR] When the shooter fails to make"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Clue (board game) - Clue Wiki - Wikia Clue (board game) | Clue Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Genre [PAR] Murder-Mystery [PAR] Clue (Cluedo outside the U.S.) is a popular murder-mystery board game. It was originally published in Leeds, England in 1949. It was devised by Anthony E. Pratt, a so [PAR] ly move around the game board (a mansion), as of one of the game's six suspects (or, collecting clues from which to deduce which suspect murdered the game's perpetual victim: Mr. Boddy ( Dr. Black , outside of U.S.), and with which weapon and in what room. [PAR] Several games, books, and a film have been released as part of the Cluedo franchise. The board game forms a chronology. Overall, several spinoffs have been released, some featuring extra characters, and for some, different game play. More recent editions have restored the name Boddy Mansion to the mansion, and say the mansion is located in Boston, Massachusetts in the year 1954 (located in Hampshire, England outside of the U.S.). [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] In 1944, Anthony E. Pratt, an English solicitor's clerk, filed for a patent of his invention of a murder/mystery-themed game, originally named \"Murder!\" The game was originally invented as a new game to play during sometimes lengthy air raid drills in underground bunkers. Shortly thereafter, Pratt and his wife presented the game to Waddingtons' executive, Norman Watson, who immediately purchased the game and provided its trademark name of \"Cluedo\" (a play on \"clue\" and \"Ludo\", which is Latin for \"I play\"). Though the patent was granted in 1947, due to post-war shortages, the game was not officially launched until 1949, at which time the game was simultaneously licensed to Parker Brothers in the United States for publication, where it was re-named \"Clue\" along with other minor changes. [PAR] However, there were several differences between the original game concept and that initially published in 1949, In particular, Pratt's original design calls for ten characters, one of whom was to be designated the victim by random drawing prior to the start of the game. These ten included the eliminated Mr. Brown, Mr. Gold, Miss Grey, and Mrs. Silver, with Nurse White, and Colonel Yellow. The game allowed for play of up to eight remaining characters, providing for nine suspects in total. Originally there were eleven rooms, including the eliminated \"gun room\" and cellar. In addition there were nine weapons including the unused axe, bomb, syringe, poison, shillelagh (walking stick/cudgel), and fireplace poker. Some of these unused weapons and characters would appear in later spinoff versions of the game. [PAR] Some gameplay aspects were different as well. Notably, the remaining playing cards were distributed into the rooms to be retrieved, rather than dealt directly to the players. Players also had to land on another player in order to make suggestions about that player's character through the use of special counter-tokens, and once exhausted, a player could no longer make suggestions. There were other minor differences, all of which would be updated by the game's initial release and remain essentially unchanged in the standard classic editions of the game. [PAR] Equipment [PAR] Edit [PAR] The game's current equipment consists of a board which shows the rooms, corridors and secret passages of an English country house called Boddy Mansion, although previously named variously as Tudor Close or Tudor Hall, and in some editions Tudor Manor or Tudor Mansion). The game box also includes several colored playing pieces to represent characters, miniature murder weapon props, one or two six-sided dice, three sets of cards, each set describing"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? - About.com Education What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] What Is the Boiling Point of Water? [PAR] Boiling Point of Water [PAR] The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level). Jody Dole, Getty Images [PAR] Updated July 21, 2016. [PAR] Question: What Temperature Does Water Boil? [PAR] At what temperature does water boil? What determines the boiling point of water? Here's the answer to this common question. [PAR] Answer: The boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C or 212\u00b0 F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level). [PAR] However, the value is not a constant. The boiling point of water depends on the atmospheric pressure, which changes according to elevation. The boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C or 212\u00b0 F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level), but water boils at a lower temperature as you gain altitude (e.g., on a mountain) and boils at a higher temperature if you increase atmospheric pressure (lived below sea level ). [PAR] The boiling point of water also depends on the purity of the water. Water which contains impurities (such as salted water ) boils at a higher temperature than pure water. This phenomenon is called boiling point elevation , which is one of the colligative properties of matter. [PAR] Learn More[DOC] [TLE] What is Boiling Point of Water? Learn Boiling Water ... What is Boiling Point of Water? Learn Boiling Water Temperature [PAR] Links [PAR] The Boiling Point of Water [PAR] This article is about the boiling point of water. First , it will note both the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures at which water boils. Then, it will briefly explain how the temperature at which water boils may differ from location to location or from elevation to elevation. Finally, it will look at how boiling water can be used and its efficacy as a sterilization process for drinking or cooking water. [PAR] Conventionally, the water temperature at which water boils is considered to be 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degress Fahrenheit. However, these numbers are only valid at sea level. As barometric pressure changes so too does the boiling point of water. For instance, as elevation increases the boiling point lowers. On the top of Mount Everest, for example, boiling water is possible at a water temperature of 68 degrees Celsius or 154 degrees Fahrenheit. Conversely, in deep ocean vents, water can be much hotter than that without boiling. [PAR] Boiling water is useful for cooking pasta, vegetables or potatoes. In addition, some people attempt to boil water in order to sterilize it. This method can be effective, but certain precautions must be kept in mind. First of all, most bacteria and micro organisms will die when the water is boiled. However, in some cases their death is dependent on the temperature of the water rather than whether or not it is boiling. Thus, at certain elevations, boiling water is not hot enough to kill some organisms. Second of all, other organisms are simply resistant to boiling water at any temperature. To promote the death of these organisms in either of these circumstances, it is advised that the water is boiled for at least ten minutes to ensure that most if not all bacteria are destroyed. [PAR] Essentially, boiling water is water than is changing from a liquid to a gas. During that change, it can be used for a variety of purposes like cooking and sterilization. As noted above, the standard"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Browns | Notable People With the Last Name Brown Famous Browns | Notable People With the Last Name Brown [PAR] G Options B Comments & Embed 2rerank list [PAR] 1 [PAR] Chris Brown age 26 Christopher Maurice Brown \"Chris\" Brown is an American recording artist, dancer, and actor. Born in Tappahannock, Virginia, he taught himself to sing and dance at a young age and was [PAR] ; [PAR] 2 [PAR] Jim Brown age 79 James Nathaniel \"Jim\" Brown is an American former professional football player and actor. He is best known for his exceptional and record-setting nine year career as a running back for the [PAR] ; [PAR] James Brown Died at 73 (1933-2006) James Brown is a film score composer. [PAR] ; [PAR] 4 [PAR] Melanie Brown age 40 Melanie Janine Brown, better known as Mel B or Melanie B, is a British recording artist, songwriter, dancer, actress, author, television presenter, talent competition judge and model. Brown rose to [PAR] ; [PAR] 5 [PAR] Willie Brown age 75 William Ferdie Brown is an American football executive and former player and coach. He played as a cornerback for the Denver Broncos and the Oakland Raiders. Following his playing career, Brown [PAR] ; [PAR] 6 [PAR] Bobby Brown age 46 Robert Barisford \"Bobby\" Brown is an American R&B singer-songwriter, rapper, dancer, and actor. Brown started his career as one of the frontmen of the R&B/pop group New Edition, from [PAR] ; [PAR] 7 [PAR] Foxy Brown age 37 Inga DeCarlo Fung Marchand, better known by her stage name Foxy Brown, is an American rapper, model, and actress. She is best known for her solo work, as well as numerous collaborations with other [PAR] ; [PAR] 8 [PAR] Tim Brown age 49 Timothy Donell \"Tim\" Brown is a NFL Hall of Fame former American football wide receiver. He played college football for Notre Dame, where he won the Heisman Trophy, becoming the first wide [PAR] ; [PAR] 9 [PAR] Jerry Brown age 77 Edmund Gerald \"Jerry\" Brown Jr. is an American attorney, politician and member of the Democratic Party who has served as the 39th Governor of California since 2011, having previously served [PAR] ; [PAR] 10 [PAR] Dustin Brown age 31 Dustin James Brown is an American professional ice hockey right winger who serves as captain of the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. During the 2012\u201313 NHL lockout, he moved to the ZSC [PAR] ; [PAR] 11 [PAR] Kevin Brown age 50 James Kevin Brown is a former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher. He played from 1986 to 2005, leading the American League in wins once and leading the National League in earned run average [PAR] ; [PAR] 12 [PAR] Charlie Brown Charlie Brown is the central protagonist of the long-running comic strip Peanuts, syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. One of the great American [PAR] ; [PAR] 13 [PAR] Antonio Brown age 37 Antonio Duval Brown is a former American football wide receiver. Brown played with the Buffalo Bills and the Washington Redskins in the National Football League. He played college football at West [PAR] ; [PAR] 14 [PAR] Clancy Brown age 56 Clarence J. \"Clancy\" Brown III is an American film, television and voice actor. He is known for his live-action roles as Captain Byron Hadley in The Shawshank Redemption; The Kurgan in [PAR] ; [PAR] 15 [PAR] Jenn Brown age 34 Jennifer Lynne Brown is an American television personality who is a sportscaster, TV host, producer, and a model. Brown was formerly a reporter for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cubes and Cube Roots - Math is Fun - Maths Resources Cubes and Cube Roots [PAR] Cubes and Cube Roots [PAR] To understand cube roots, first we must understand cubes ... [PAR] How to Cube A Number [PAR] To cube a number, just use it in a multiplication 3 times ... [PAR] Example: What is 3 Cubed? [PAR] 3 Cubed [PAR] Note: we write down \"3 Cubed\" as 33 [PAR] (the little 3 means the number appears three times in multiplying) [PAR] Some More Cubes [PAR] A cube root goes the other direction: [PAR] 3 cubed is 27, so the cube root of 27 is 3 [PAR] 3 [PAR] The cube root of a number is ... [PAR] ... a special value that when cubed gives the original number. [PAR] The cube root of 27 is ... [PAR] ... 3, because when 3 is cubed you get 27. [PAR] [PAR] Note: When you see \"root\" think [PAR] \"I know the tree, but what is the root that produced it?\" [PAR] In this case the tree is \"27\", and the cube root is \"3\". [PAR] Here are some more cubes and cube roots: [PAR] 4 [PAR] 216 [PAR] Example: What is the Cube root of 125? [PAR] Well, we just happen to know that 125 = 5 \u00d7 5 \u00d7 5 (if you use 5 three times in a multiplication you will get 125) ... [PAR] ... so the answer is 5 [PAR] The Cube Root Symbol [PAR] This is the special symbol that means \"cube root\", it is the \"radical\" symbol (used for square roots) with a little three to mean cube root. [PAR] You can use it like this: [PAR] (we say \"the cube root of 27 equals 3\") [PAR] [PAR] You Can Also Cube Negative Numbers [PAR] Have a look at this: [PAR] When we cube 5 we get 125: [PAR] [PAR] When we cube \u22125 we get \u2212125: [PAR] [PAR] So the cube root of \u2212125 is \u22125 [PAR] Perfect Cubes [PAR] The Perfect Cubes are the cubes of the whole numbers : [PAR] [PAR] 3375 [PAR] ... [PAR] It is easy to work out the cube root of a perfect cube, but it is really hard to work out other cube roots. [PAR] Example: what is the cube root of 30? [PAR] Well, 3 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 3 = 27 and 4 \u00d7 4 \u00d7 4 = 64, so we can guess the answer is between 3 and 4. [PAR] Let's try 3.5: 3.5 \u00d7 3.5 \u00d7 3.5 = 42.875 [PAR] Let's try 3.2: 3.2 \u00d7 3.2 \u00d7 3.2 = 32.768 [PAR] Let's try 3.1: 3.1 \u00d7 3.1 \u00d7 3.1 = 29.791 [PAR] We are getting closer, but very slowly ... at this point, I get out my calculator and it says: [PAR] 3.1072325059538588668776624275224... [PAR] ... but the digits just go on and on, without any pattern. So even the calculator's answer is only an approximation ! [PAR] (Further reading: these kind of numbers are called surds which are a special type of irrational number )[DOC] [TLE] Cube Root Calculator - Calculator Soup Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Cube Root Calculator [PAR] Share this Calculator & Page [PAR] Calculator Use [PAR] Use this calculator to find the cube root of positive or negative numbers. Given a number x, the cube root of x is a number a such that a3 = x. If x positive a will be positive, if x is negative a will be negative. Cube roots is a specialized form of our common radicals calculator . [PAR] Example Cube Roots: [PAR] The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Classic Review: Watership Down by Richard Adams | Kansas ... Classic Review: Watership Down by Richard Adams | Kansas City Public Library [PAR] Home | Latest at the Library | Kc Unbound | Classic Review: Watership Down by Richard Adams [PAR] The Westport Branch will be closed from January 17 \u2013 19 to upgrade our checkout system. Read more about why we're doing this \u00bb [PAR] Classic Review: Watership Down by Richard Adams [PAR] Classic Review: Watership Down by Richard Adams [PAR] Thursday, October 4, 2012 8:24 am [PAR] Richard Adams' classic novel Watership Down isn't just about rabbits. Tackling the big ideas, including the importance of storytelling to society, Adams weaves an adult tale of human struggle cloaked as a book about bunnies. [PAR] When I was at college, a fellow student told me that I had to read Watership Down. When I asked what the book was about, I remember him telling me \u201crabbits on the move trying to find a new home.\u201d [PAR] Rabbits? [PAR] My eyes started to glaze over. He started to summarize the story, but all I recall was that the main rabbit was named Hazel, and that there were some other rabbits named Bigwig, Dandelion, Fiver and Pipkin. The glazing process was complete \u2013 the rest of the pitch came across as blah, blah, blah blah. [PAR] This year, as I had decided to read and write about books involving travel , \u201crabbits on the move\u201d came immediately to mind and I added it to my to-read list for KC Unbound. And I must say that this book has probably been the biggest pleasant surprise I\u2019ve had in reading in the past decade. [PAR] The book turned out to be so much more than \u201cbunnies on a trip,\u201d or even \u201cbunnies on an exodus of survival.\u201d If I had to categorize the book, I\u2019d probably group it with epics of travel. Some reviewers compared it to Homer\u2019s Odyssey, but I think Virgil\u2019s Aeneid would be a more apt comparison, because of the emphasis on personal responsibility to the group. [PAR] Richard Adams says that the story began as a series of stories he told his little girls as they traveled on long drives in the English countryside. That may be, though these stories, at least as presented in the completed novel, are not for kids. And parents, who may be thinking of checking out the animated film of Watership Down for your kids \u2013 watch it first yourself. The film should have gotten a PG-13 rating (what would have been a GP at the time of release) instead of G, in my opinion \u2013 there\u2019s a fair amount of violent action, and the mood of most of the narrative is rather unsettling. [PAR] [video:youtu.be/xZcHLpjiEdw align:center] [PAR] With rabbits on the cover, Watership might seem to be a children\u2019s book, but its themes and presentation are much too complex for that. [PAR] This is a book that has a lot that would traumatize a youngster, especially if s/he were expecting something more along the line of Max and Ruby . Older audiences can handle the tough subject matter (loss, terror, and death) and appreciate what is mainly a tale about the importance of community, the importance of story in fostering community, and the value of a brave heart in a dangerous world. [PAR] One of the peculiarities of the book is that certain words are given in lapine, the language Adams imagines for the rabbits. This is somewhat similar to what Anthony Burgess did in A Clockwork Orange, where the narrator, Alex"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] PGA Championship at a glance (Jul 22, 2016) | FOX Sports PGA Championship at a glance | FOX Sports [PAR] More [PAR] PGA Championship at a glance [PAR] FILE - In this July 1, 2016, file photo, Jordan Spieth tees off on the third hole during the second round of the Bridgestone Invitational golf tournament at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. Heading into the PGA Championship the last week of July, Spieth is having a very good year, and he needs to be reminded of that every now and then. He already has won two times, including in his home state of Texas. He was one bad swing away from winning the Masters again. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak, File) [PAR] Tony Dejak/AP [PAR] Jul 22, 2016 at 7:58p ET [PAR] 0 [PAR] SPRINGFIELD, N.J. (AP) Facts and figures for the PGA Championship: [PAR] Event: 98th PGA Championship [PAR] Site: Baltusrol Golf Club (Lower Course) [PAR] Length: 7,462 yards. [PAR] Field: 156 players (136 tour pros, 20 club pros). [PAR] Prize money: TBA ($10 million in 2015). [PAR] Winner's share: $1.89 million. [PAR] Defending champion: Jason Day. [PAR] Last year: Jason Day became the first player in major championship history to finish at 20-under par. He closed with a 5-under 67 at Whistling Straits for a three-shot victory over Jordan Spieth, who was trying to be the first player to sweep the American majors. [PAR] Last time at Baltusrol: Phil Mickelson got up-and-down for birdie on the 18th hole for a 2-over 72 and a one-shot victory over Steve Elkington and Thomas Bjorn. [PAR] Major champions at Baltusrol: Phil Mickelson (2005 PGA), Lee Janzen (1993 U.S. Open), Jack Nicklaus (1980, 1967 U.S. Open), Ed Furgol (1954 U.S. Open), Tony Manero (1936 U.S. Open), Jerome Travers (1915 U.S Open), Willie Anderson (1903 U.S. Open). [PAR] Check the calendar: The PGA Championship was moved to the last week in July because of golf being on the Olympic program for the first time since 1904. The last time the PGA was not played in August was in 1971, when it was held at PGA National in Florida in February. The last time it was held in July was in 1968 at Pecan Valley Country Club in San Antonio. [PAR] No Tiger: Tiger Woods is not playing, the first time he has missed all four majors in the same year. [PAR] Key statistic: Eleven of the last 12 winners of the PGA Championship had already won a tournament earlier in the year. [PAR] Noteworthy: The PGA Championship has been held in every month of the year except for January, March and April. [PAR] Quoteworthy: ''The PGA Championship alone could become one of the most special weeks I've ever had.'' \u2013 Jordan Spieth. [PAR] Television (all times EDT): Thursday and Friday, 1 p.m. to 7 p.m., TNT. Saturday, 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., TNT Sports; 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. CBS. Sunday, 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., TNT; 2 p.m. to 7 p.m., CBS. [PAR] 0[DOC] [TLE] PGA-hotels.com | Find Hotels near PGA Venues PGA-hotels.com | Find Hotels near PGA Venues [PAR] at Plantation Course at Kapalua in Lahaina, HI [PAR] JAN 15 - JAN 18 [PAR] at Waialae Country Club in Honolulu, HI [PAR] JAN 22 - JAN 25 [PAR] at PGA West, Bermuda Dunes in La Quinta, CA [PAR] JAN 29 - FEB 1 [PAR] at TPC Scottsdale in Scottsdale, AZ [PAR] FEB 5 - FEB 8 [PAR] at Torrey Pines Golf Course in La Jolla, CA [PAR] FEB 12 - FEB 15 [PAR] at Pebble Beach Resort in Pebble Beach, CA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All in the Family | Archive of American Television All in the Family | Archive of American Television [PAR] All in the Family [PAR] from the Museum of Broadcast Communications Encyclopedia of Television [PAR] For five years, All in the Family, which aired on CBS from 1971-1983 (in its last four seasons under the title Archie Bunker's Place ), was the top-rated show on American television, and the winner of four consecutive Emmy Awards as Outstanding Comedy Series. All in the Family was not only one of the most successful sitcoms in history, it was also one of the most important and influential series ever to air, for it ushered in a new era in American television characterized by programs that did not shy away from addressing controversial or socially relevant subject matters. [PAR] All in the Family's storylines centered on the domestic concerns of the Bunker household in Queens, New York. Family patriarch and breadwinner Archie Bunker ( Carroll O'Connor ) was a bigoted loading dock worker disturbed by the changes occurring in the American society he once knew. To Archie, gains by the \"Spades,\" \"Spics,\" or \"Hebes\" of America (as he referred to Blacks, Hispanics, and Jews, respectively), came at his expense and that of other lower middle class whites. Countering Archie's harsh demeanor was his sweet but flighty \"dingbat\" wife, Edith. Played by Jean Stapleton , Edith usually endured Archie's tirades in a manner meant to avoid confrontation. But that was hardly the case with Archie's live-in son-in-law Mike Stivic ( Rob Reiner ), a liberal college student who was married to the Bunkers' daughter, Gloria (Sally Struthers). The confrontations between Archie and Mike (\"Meathead\") served as the basis for much of All in the Family's comedy. As surely as Archie could be counted upon to be politically conservative and socially misguided, Mike was equally liberal and sensitive to the concerns of minorities and the oppressed, and, because both characters were extremely vocal in their viewpoints, heated conflict between the two was assured. [PAR] Producers Norman Lear and Alan (Bud) Yorkin brought All in the Family into being by obtaining the U.S. rights to the hit British comedy series, Till Death Us Do Part, which aired on the BBC in the mid-1960s and featured the character of bigoted dock worker Alf Garnett. Lear developed two pilots based on the concept for ABC, with O'Connor (Mickey Rooney had been Lear's first choice to play Archie) and Stapleton in the lead roles. But when ABC turned down the series, then known as Those Were the Days, it appeared that it would never get off the ground. Luckily for Lear and Yorkin, CBS President Robert D. Wood was in the market for new shows that would appeal to the more affluent, urban audience the network's entrenched lineup of top-rated but aging series failed to attract. As a result, CBS jettisoned highly rated programs like The Red Skelton Show and Green Acres in an effort to improve the demographic profile of its audiences, and All in the Family seemed a perfect, though risky, vehicle to put in their place. CBS therefore made a 13-episode commitment to air the series beginning in January 1971, as a midseason replacement. [PAR] The network had good reason to be wary of reaction to its new show. All in the Family seemed to revel in breaking prime time's previously unbreakable taboos. Archie's frequent diatribes laced with degrading racial and ethnic epithets, Mike and Gloria's obviously active sex life, the sounds of Archie's belching and of flushing toilets--all broke with sitcom convention. They also and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Polyphagia | Define Polyphagia at Dictionary.com Polyphagia | Define Polyphagia at Dictionary.com [PAR] polyphagia [PAR] [pol-ee-fey-jee-uh, -juh] /\u02ccp\u0252l i\u02c8fe\u026a d\u0292i \u0259, -d\u0292\u0259/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] Pathology. excessive desire to eat. [PAR] 2. [PAR] Zoology. the habit of subsisting on many different kinds of food. [PAR] Origin of polyphagia [PAR] 1685-95; < New Latin < Greek polyphag\u00eda; see poly- , -phagy [PAR] Related forms [PAR] [puh-lif-uh-jist] /p\u0259\u02c8l\u026af \u0259 d\u0292\u026ast/ (Show IPA), noun [PAR] polyphagous [PAR] [puh-lif-uh-guh s] /p\u0259\u02c8l\u026af \u0259 g\u0259s/ (Show IPA), polyphagic [PAR] [pol-ee-faj-ik, -fey-jik] /\u02ccp\u0252l i\u02c8f\u00e6d\u0292 \u026ak, -\u02c8fe\u026a d\u0292\u026ak/ (Show IPA), adjective [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for polyphagia [PAR] Expand [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for polyphagia [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] an abnormal desire to consume excessive amounts of food, esp as the result of a neurological disorder [PAR] an insatiable appetite [PAR] 2. [PAR] the habit of certain animals, esp certain insects, of feeding on many different types of food [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] C17: New Latin, from Greek, from poluphagos eating much; see poly-, -phagy [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] \u00a9 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 \u00a9 HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for polyphagia [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] 1690s, \"eating to excess,\" medical Latin, from Greek polyphagia \"excess in eating,\" from polyphagos \"eating to excess,\" from polys \"much\" (see poly- ) + phagein \"to eat\" (see -phagous ). Attested from 1890 in sense \"feeding on various kinds of food.\" Nativized as polyphagy. Related: Polyphagic; polyphagous. [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, \u00a9 2010 Douglas Harper"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seine | Article about Seine by The Free Dictionary Seine | Article about Seine by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Seine | Article about Seine by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Seine [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Seine [PAR] (s\u0101n, Fr. s\u0115n), Lat. Sequana, river, c.480 mi (770 km) long, rising in the Langres Plateau and flowing generally NW through N France. It passes Troyes, Melun, and Paris, whence it meanders in large loops through Normandy, past Rouen, and empties into the English Channel in an estuary between Le Havre and Honfleur. With its tributaries (the Aube, Marne, Oise, Yonne, Loing, and Eure) and connecting canals, it drains the entire Paris basin. One of the most navigable rivers in France, it has been a great commercial artery since Roman times. The channel of the Seine is dredged and oceangoing vessels can dock at Rouen. Much of France's internal and foreign trade moves on the Seine. Paris, Rouen, and Le Havre owe their prosperity to their favorable location on the river. [PAR] Seine [PAR] [PAR] a net for catching fish; it consists of net canvas and ropes. To increase the strength of the net canvas, it is bound around the edges with a single or double thread, and sometimes it is sewn with a strip of even stronger net. Its outer edges are secured to ropes called head and bottom lines; thin strengthening ropes called up-and-down lines pass up, down, and across the net. To keep the seine afloat, the head lines are equipped with floats. The bottom lines are weighted to make them sink. [PAR] In seining, part of the body of water is surrounded by the fishing device, which is then pulled from the water onto the shore or a ship, together with the fish it contains. Thus, the seine is an active device\u2014that is, the catch is made mainly through the motion of the device itself. For this reason, all types of seines have drawstrings, called shore lines, attached to the wings of the net. In seine fishing the fish must move along the wings and be confined within a special section called a bunt; they must not become stuck in the mesh or become tangled in the net canvas. To avoid this, the net canvas is made from thick thread. The fish are loaded manually or mechanically from the bunt (for example, with a fish pump). [PAR] Seine nets may be of the beach or drag type; the former are used in ocean, river, and lake fishing, and the latter are used in ocean fishing. [PAR] A beach seine consists of a bunt, two leads, two wings, and two shore lines. It is thrown into the water and then dragged back onto the shore. Such seines may be of the equal-winged or unequal-winged types. The length of equal-winged nets is 100\u20131,000 m, with a depth at the center of 2\u201320 m. Unequal-winged nets are among the largest fishing devices: they are 1,000\u20133,000 m long and 10\u201330 m deep. [PAR] Drag seines are divided into pelagic types (for fishing in deep water) and bottom types (the latter are thrown into the water from a ship and lifted on board). Pelagic seines are of the purse, two-boat, and ring types. A purse seine is a deep, rectangular net up to 1,500 m long and up to 200 m deep, which surrounds the school of fish. The head line is equipped with floats, and the bottom line is weighted. The bottom line has metal rings attached to it by leads; a line is passed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] smooth hound | fish | Britannica.com smooth hound | fish | Britannica.com [PAR] Smooth hound [PAR] fish [PAR] THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below. [PAR] Alternative Titles: Mustelus canis, Mustelus laevis, Mustelus mustelus, smooth dogfish [PAR] Smooth hound, any of a number of small sharks of the family Triakidae, among them the well-known smooth dogfish. See dogfish . [PAR] Starry smooth-hound (Mustelus asterias). [PAR] George Whiteley\u2014The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. [PAR] MEDIA FOR: [PAR] You have successfully emailed this. [PAR] Error when sending the email. Try again later. [PAR] Edit Mode [PAR] Submit [PAR] Tips For Editing [PAR] We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. [PAR] You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. [PAR] Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. [PAR] At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) [PAR] Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. [PAR] Submit [PAR] Thank You for Your Contribution! [PAR] Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. [PAR] Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. [PAR] Uh Oh [PAR] There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. [PAR] Close [PAR] Date Published: August 07, 2009 [PAR] URL: https://www.britannica.com/animal/smooth-hound [PAR] Access Date: January 18, 2017 [PAR] Share[DOC] [TLE] Smooth-hound | Britishseafishing.co.uk Smooth-hound | Britishseafishing.co.uk [PAR] Britishseafishing.co.uk [PAR] Advice and information on sea fishing in the UK [PAR] Search [PAR] Smooth-hound [PAR] Scientific name: Mustelus mustelus [PAR] Also know as: Gummy Shark, Common Smooth-hound, Smut, Smooth Dogfish. When sold as food it may be known as Rock Salmon, Flake or Sweet William. [PAR] Size: Up to 4ft and 25lbs [PAR] UK minimum size: 20ins/51cm [PAR] IUCN Status : VU (Vulnerable) [PAR] Distribution: More common around the south and west of England, but range is increasing. [PAR] Feeds on: Diet is made up primarily of crustaceans, shellfish and molluscs. Fish are taken only occasionally. [PAR] Description: Small shark species. First dorsal fin is large, second is only slightly smaller and located further back. Pectoral fins are also large and a small anal fin is present. Snout is pointed and eyes prominent and the mouth consists of crushing plates due to diet, rather than sharp teeth. Five gill slits are present on either side and tail is notched. Underbelly is cream/pale. [PAR] Additional Notes: Recent years have seen confusions over exactly which species of Smooth-hound is found in UK waters. This page still lists two species of smooth-hound (common and starry) but see Species Confusion section below. [PAR] Location, Habitat and Numbers [PAR] As this distribution map shows, smooth-hound is a fish found in European and North African waters. [PAR] Smooth-hound are a shallow water shark species, which favour"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Nations Former Secretaries-General Former Secretaries-General | United Nations Secretary-General [PAR] Photos [PAR] Former Secretaries-General [PAR] Under the Charter, the Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. [PAR] Mr. Guterres' predecessors as Secretary-General were: Ban Ki-moon (Korea) who served from January 2007 to December 2016; Kofi Annan (Ghana) who held office from January 1997 to December 2006; Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt), who held office from January 1992 to December 1996; Javier P\u00e8rez de Cu\u00e8llar (Peru), who served from January 1982 to December 1991; Kurt Waldheim (Austria), who held office from January 1972 to December 1981; U Thant (Burma, now Myanmar), who served from November 1961, when he was appointed acting Secretary-General (he was formally appointed Secretary-General in November 1962) to December 1971; Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld (Sweden), who served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in Africa in September 1961; and Trygve Lie (Norway), who held office from February 1946 to his resignation in November 1952.[DOC] [TLE] What The U.N. Doesn't Want You To Know What The U.N. Doesn't Want You To Know [PAR] by Irvin Baxter, Jr. [PAR] [PAR] A young American diplomat was the leading force in the designing of the United Nations. He was secretary of the Dumbarten Oaks Conversations from August to October of 1944 where most of the preliminary planning for the U.N. was done. He was Roosevelt's right-hand man in February of 1945 at Yalta where the postwar boundaries of Europe were drawn (Roosevelt was a dying man at the time. His death came only ten weeks later). At Yalta it was agreed that the Soviet Union would have three votes (one each for Russia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia) in the U.N. General Assembly, even though the United States had only one. At Yalta much of Europe was placed under the iron heel of communist rule. At Yalta, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin appointed this young diplomatic shining star to be the first Secretary-general of the U.N. for the founding conference held in San Francisco,April/June of 1945. [PAR] All of this seemed well and good until three years later. Alger Hiss was exposed as a communist spy and sent to prison. Only then did people understand why the emblem of the United Nations looked so much like the emblem of the Soviet Union. It now made sense that the Soviet Union, at Yalta, was given control over all of Eastern Europe. Then everyone understood how the Soviet Union managed to capture three votes in the U.N. General Assembly compared to one for the United States. Then it became clear why a secret deal had been struck stating that a communist would always hold the office of of head of the U.N. military. [PAR] The U.N. charter was authored by a communist, the first U.N. Secretary-general was a communist, and the U.N., from the beginning, was designed to be a Union of World Socialist Republics. [PAR] On a recent tour of the U.N., not one mention was made of any of this by our guide. Hiss' name was not mentioned one time. When pictures of the founding conference contained his picture, our U.N. guide avoided telling us who it was. [PAR] I'm sure everyone was taught about the United Nations and its importance in school, but I'm also sure that the above information was conveniently omitted from your textbooks! [PAR] Secret agreement: U.N. military to always be [PAR] commanded by a communist [PAR] One of the most important positions within the entire United Nations\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdif not the most important\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdis that of Undersecretary-general for Political and Security Council Affairs."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dinshaway Incident | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing ... Dinshaway Incident | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing - eBooks | Read eBooks online [PAR] 8 Bibliography [PAR] Causes [PAR] There were many tensions that led up to the Denshawai Incident. The Egyptian peoples had a rising sense of nationalism long before the British occupation of the country in 1882. The occupation was touched off by the mutiny of Ahmed Orabi . This mutiny was started by the idea of revolution and liberation of the Egyptian people from their Turkish and European overlords. The British occupation brought commerce and related development to Egypt. The Egyptian government was taken and directed by Lord Cromer . He was in charge of economic reforms and trying to eliminate the debt caused by the khedival regime. These reforms, and their successes, were mainly enjoyed by the upper and middle classes, leaving the poor even poorer. [PAR] Since the khedival regime and the upper class enjoyed the British occupation and its abundant success, the middle class was left to the resistance of the British occupation. In the late 1890s and early 20th century, there were many newspapers that exposed the British for their mistakes and the khedival governmental corruption. The positions in the Egyptian government were filled by the British officers. The writers for the newspapers were protesting that those positions could have been as easily filled by capable, educated Egyptians, but that the racism of the British stopped it. [PAR] The incident [PAR] On 13 June 1906 five officers of the occupying British army , with their interpreter and a police official, visited Denshawai ( AR : \u062f\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a) to go pigeon shooting. They shot pigeons belonging to villagers who kept them as domestic animals, angering the owners. However, the major catalyst was the accidental shooting of the wife of the prayer leader at the local mosque. Enraged, the Egyptians mobbed the British officers and camp. The British officers opened fire on the villagers, wounding five, and set fire to the grain of Abd-el-Nebi. [PAR] Abd-el-Nebi, whose wife had been seriously injured, struck one of the officers with a stick. He was joined by the elderly Hassan Mahfouz, whose pigeons had been killed. Other villagers threw stones at them. The officers, two Irishmen and three Englishmen , surrendered their weapons, along with their watches and money, but this failed to appease the angry villagers. [PAR] Two officers escaped, one of whom managed to contact the British Army, but the other died of heatstroke some distance from the village. An Egyptian peasant who tried to help the sick man was killed by British soldiers who came across them, and wrongly assumed that the peasant had murdered the soldier. Meanwhile, in the village the elders had intervened, saving the remaining soldiers and allowing them to return to their base. [PAR] British response [PAR] \"Instead of showing understanding for the peasants' self-defense against the officer's tactless blundering, the colonial administrators viewed the natives' actions as a dangerous popular insurgency that had to be dealt with harshly.\" [1] [PAR] Concerned about a growing nationalist movement, Egyptian officials used the Denshawai incident as a pretext to harshly punish any resistance to British rule. The next day, the British army arrived, arresting fifty-two men in the village, including Abd-el-Nebi, Hassan Mahfouz, a man called Darweesh and Zahran. At a summary trial (where the judges were mostly British) Hassan, Darweesh, Zahran and one other man were convicted of murdering the officer who had died of sunstroke, and were sentenced to death. One of the judges was Boutros Ghali . [2] Abd-el-Nebi and another villager were"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Delta Works keep Holland dry - BetterWorldSolutions - The ... Delta Works keep Holland dry - BetterWorldSolutions - The NetherlandsBetterWorldSolutions - The Netherlands [PAR] Delta Works keep Holland dry [PAR] 5 / 5 (1 votes) [PAR] flood and safety , WATER Leave a Comment [PAR] Delta Works keep Holland dry [PAR] The Delta Works is a series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta from the sea. Needed because 60% of the Dutch live below sea level [PAR] The works consist of dams , sluices , locks , dykes , levees , and storm surge barriers . The aim of the dams, sluices, and storm surge barriers was to shorten the Dutch coastline, thus reducing the number of dikes that had to be raised. [PAR] Along with the Zuiderzee Works , Delta Works have been declared one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers . [PAR] Delta plan to prevent because of the rising of the sea level \u2013 climate change [PAR] In September 2008, the Delta commission presided by Dutch politician Cees Veerman advised in a report that the Netherlands would need a massive new building program to strengthen the country\u2019s water defenses against the anticipated effects of global warming for the next 190 years. The plans included drawing up worst-case scenarios for evacuations and included more than \u20ac100 billion, or $144 billion, in new spending through the year 2100 for measures, such as broadening coastal dunes and strengthening sea and river dikes . [PAR] Floods [PAR] Water has always played a central part in Dutch history. On one hand it brought wealth to the Netherlands through trade and fishery; on the other hand it brought a number of losses through the many floods. To date water has remained important for the Netherlands. From a geographical point of view, the Netherlands are placed in a very favorable position; at the sea and in the delta (a triangular section of land at the mouth of a river) of four large rivers. [PAR] Drained area\u2019s [PAR] The Dutch surface area has almost doubled through centuries of \u201cimpoldering\u201d (area drained and prepared for agriculture) lakes and parts of the sea. As a result of this impoldering almost 40 percent of the land lies below sea level. Areas include large parts of the highly populated and the economically important west, with cities such as Amsterdam and Rotterdam. To keep these areas dry, superfluous water is continuously pumped out of the polders. Furthermore, the Netherlands is protected from floods through a combination of levees, dunes, dams and barriers. After the last big flood of 1953, people decided to build the Delta Works; one of the largest built flood protection and water management projects in the world. [PAR] Contact[DOC] [TLE] Expedition Earth: The Delta Works Expedition Earth: The Delta Works [PAR] Welcome to Expeditie Aarde \u2013 Expedition Earth. Expeditie Aarde \u2013 Expedition Earth is an independent website. Learn about concepts of geography, find geographic information, maps, videos and more. [PAR] Thursday, 25 October 2012 [PAR] The Delta Works [PAR] The Netherlands is a geographically low-lying country. About 27% of The Netherlands and 21% of its population located below sea level, and 50% of its land lying less than one metre above sea level. [PAR] Most of the areas below sea level are man-made, caused by centuries of extensive and poorly controlled peat extraction, lowering the surface by several meters. Even in flooded areas peat extraction continued through turf dredging. From the late"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of 10 Downing Street - GOV.UK History of 10 Downing Street - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Larry, Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office [PAR] Introduction \u2013 by Sir Anthony Seldon [PAR] 10 Downing Street, the locale of British prime ministers since 1735, vies with the White House as being the most important political building anywhere in the world in the modern era. Behind its black door have been taken the most important decisions affecting Britain for the last 275 years. [PAR] In the 20th century alone, the First and Second World Wars were directed from within it, as were the key decisions about the end of the empire, the building of the British nuclear bomb, the handling of economic crises from the Great Depression in 1929 to the great recession, and the building up of the welfare state. [PAR] Some of the most famous political figures of modern history have lived and worked in Number 10, including Robert Walpole, Pitt the Younger, Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone, David Lloyd George, Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. [PAR] Number 10 has 3 overlapping functions. It is the official residence of the British Prime Minister: it is their office, and it is also the place where the Prime Minister entertains guests from Her Majesty The Queen to presidents of the United States and other world leaders. The Prime Minister hosts countless receptions and events for a whole range of British and overseas guests, with charitable receptions high up the list. [PAR] The building is much larger than it appears from its frontage. The hall with the chequered floor immediately behind the front door lets on to a warren of rooms and staircases. The house in Downing Street was joined to a more spacious and elegant building behind it in the early 18th century. Number 10 has also spread itself out to the left of the front door, and has taken over much of 12 Downing Street, which is accessed by a corridor that runs through 11 Downing Street \u2013 the official residence of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. [PAR] Explore 10 Downing Street [PAR] Downing Street Approach [PAR] Entrance Hall [PAR] Many famous feet have trodden across this entrance hall: from world leaders to sporting heroes. But this is also where the PM's staff enter each day to work among the myriad corridors and staircases which snake around the building. 10 Downing Street fulfils many roles \u2013 as meeting place, home and office. The Prime Minister does not have keys to Number 10 but there is always someone on duty to let him in. [PAR] Grand Staircase [PAR] Sir Robert Walpole took up residence as Prime Minister in 1735 and wanted the design of Number 10 to match his status. He employed a famous architect of the day to renovate the crumbling building and many of the features he installed, including the central staircase, still exist. Portraits of every Prime Minister line the walls in chronological order, with the most recent incumbents at the top and group photographs from past Cabinets and Imperial Conferences at the bottom. [PAR] White Drawing Room [PAR] Until the 1940s Prime Ministers and their wives kept the White Room for their private use. It was here that Edward Heath kept his grand piano. The room contains works by one of the most important English landscape painters of the nineteenth century, J M W Turner. These days it is often used as the backdrop for television interviews and is in regular use as a meeting room for Downing Street staff. The room links through to the Terracotta"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chorophobia: Fear of Dancing- Causes, Symptoms and ... Chorophobia: Fear of Dancing- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Healthtopia [PAR] Blog [PAR] Chorophobia: Fear of Dancing- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment [PAR] Have you ever felt like a lump stuck in your throat when someone asked you for a dance? If you have, you\u2019re not alone. In fact, many people commonly go through an unexplainable rush of fear whenever asked for a dance. Such kind of irrational and intense fear of dance is known as Chorophobia. [PAR] Chorophobia is derived from Greek Word \u201cChoro\u201d meaning dance. A person having Chorophobia is fearful and extremely uncomfortable of dancing, and scared of getting excited or overjoyed. A chorophobic person is distressed of any situation, ceremony or people associated with dance. The person can be upset merely seeing other people dance in front of them. This kind of phobia is also related with another phobia of getting touched known as haphephobia or aphephobia. [PAR] What Causes Chorophobia? [PAR] Different factors seen to be likely causing Chorophobia in people are: [PAR] A Distressful Event [PAR] A phobia is always backed up by a related event which caused the distress at first place. In the case of Chorophobia too, a traumatic event can trigger this fear. A person is likely to get chorophobic if he/she had previously faced embarrassment while dancing, or faced through dress malfunctions during the performance. Any such upsetting situation can cause a person to get chorophobic. [PAR] Other Phobias and Depression [PAR] Chorophobia can be a spinoff of other specific phobias. One such phobia is the fear of getting touched known as haphephobia. Other phobias that may cause Chorophobia in a person are agoraphobia (fear of public places) and social phobia (fear of social situations). A person is also vulnerable to Chorophobia if he/she had or has suffered from depression and other mental health issues. This makes their mind weak and unable to cope up with sudden arousal and excitements. [PAR] Upbringing [PAR] The fear of dancing can also be reflected on the upbringing one has. If a child has been strictly brought up, and prohibited from dance and other such activities, he/she can be extremely fearful of dancing. In fact, he/she may see dance as a sin, and that conducting a dance act might get them punished. [PAR] The Symptoms of Chorophobia [PAR] Major symptoms of Chorophobia can be: [PAR] Extremely fearful and conscious of dancing and places where dancing takes place [PAR] Uncomfortable and distress by seeing other people dance as well [PAR] Aggressive combat when asked or pressurized to dance [PAR] Complete avoidance of places and events involving dance [PAR] Isolation during such social situations [PAR] Realizing that the fear is unreasonable ( except in children) [PAR] Panic attacks with signs such as shivering, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and fainting, feeling confused, numb and getting fixed, heart palpitation, abdominal uneasiness, diarrhea, profuse breathing, sweating and clammy hands [PAR] When to Visit A Doctor? [PAR] Different social ceremonies and situations involve dancing and having fun. Chorophobic person can have extremely low self-esteem and low confidence level due to this fear. If the above symptoms have been seen for a long time, exceeding six months and have kept you from involving in social events, you need to consult a doctor. [PAR] How Is Chorophobia Treated? [PAR] Chorophobia can be treated using different psychotherapies. In severe cases of panicking, medications may also be used. [PAR] Exposure therapy with Relaxation [PAR] Exposure therapy is a very effective psychotherapy used to slowly reduce the fear and anxiety associated with dance. The therapist sets"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many US States Have One Syllable? - wiseGEEK How Many US States Have One Syllable? [PAR] How Many US States Have One Syllable? [PAR] Tweet [PAR] Only one U.S. state has one syllable \u2014 Maine. It's also the only state to border only one other state \u2014 New Hampshire. No one is really sure where Maine's name came from. Some surmise that it was named after an ancient French province \u2014 the Province of Maine; others believe it was a derivation of the world \"mainland.\" The word \"Maine\" was first officially used in 1665 in a request by the King's Commissioners that \"The Province of Maine\" be used in official documents. [PAR] More Syllabic Facts: [PAR] Only five countries in the world have one syllable: Chad, France, Spain, Greece, Laos, though Wales might make six depending on how you pronounce it (Way-als). [PAR] The most syllables in a state's name is five. Three states share this trait: Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. [PAR] Three states have only four letters in their name: Ohio, Iowa and Utah. [PAR] Screeched and strengths are the longest one-syllable words in the English language. [PAR] Follow wiseGEEK:"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: Rome's Greatest ... BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: Rome's Greatest Enemies Gallery [PAR] Rome's Greatest Enemies Gallery [PAR] Hannibal, Carthaginian general and political leader [PAR] Born 247 BC [PAR] Died 182 BC [PAR] Enemy of Rome: Carthaginian general famed for bringing his army, including elephants, over the Alps. Inflicted three huge defeats on Roman armies, including the largest ever at the battle of Cannae in 216 BC. [PAR] Born in 247 BC, Hannibal became commander of the Carthaginian forces in Spain, in succession to his father Hamilcar in 221 BC. At the time, Rome and Carthage were moving towards the outbreak of the second of the three so-called Punic wars (264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, and 149-146 BC) through which their conflict over the control of the western Mediterranean was eventually decided. [PAR] Hannibal took the war to Rome, and in May 218 BC conquered northern Spain before crossing the Alps in the autumn with 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and, famously, 37 elephants. In Italy he fought a protracted campaign, winning three huge victories over the Roman armies sent against him: at Trebbia in December 218 BC, Late Trasimene in 217 BC (where 15,000 Romans were killed and another 10,000 captured) and, greatest of all, at Cannae in 216 BC. [PAR] Here, Hannibal showed the mastery of the combined use of infantry and cavalry for which he was famous to surround and annihilate a huge Roman army. Of perhaps 70,000 Romans, only 14,500 survived to be taken prisoner at the end of the day. It is the greatest number of casualties suffered in a single battle by any western army before or since. [PAR] In the long run, he never received enough reinforcements to threaten Rome itself despite his army surviving in Italy for over a decade. Roman victories elsewhere meant that peace was eventually made on Roman terms in 201 BC. Hannibal then became involved - eventually unsuccessfully - in internal Carthaginian politics, and was driven into exile in 195 BC. [PAR] In 183 BC, he committed suicide by taking poison to prevent himself being handed over to the Romans.[DOC] [TLE] Second Punic War: Battle of Cannae - About.com Education Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War [PAR] 54,000-87,000 men [PAR] Battle of Cannae - Background: [PAR] After the start of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed the Alps and invaded Italy. Winning battles at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), Hannibal defeated armies led by Tiberius Sempronius Longus and Gaius Flaminius Nepos. In the wake of these victories, he moved south plundering the countryside and working to make Rome's allies defect to Carthage's side. Reeling from these defeats, Rome appointed Fabius Maximus to deal with the Carthaginian threat. Avoiding direct contact with Hannibal's army, Fabius struck at the enemy's supply lines and practiced the form of attritional warfare that later bore his name . [PAR] Unhappy with this indirect approach, the Senate did not renew Fabius' dictatorial powers when his term ended and command passed to the consuls Gnaeus Servilius Geminus and Marcus Atilius Regulus ( Map ). [PAR] In the spring of 216 BC, Hannibal seized the Roman supply depot at Cannae in southeast Italy. Situated on the Apulian Plain, this position allowed Hannibal to keep his men well fed. With Hannibal sitting astride Rome's supply lines, the Roman Senate called for action. Raising an army of eight legions, command was given to the Consuls Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus. The largest army ever assembled by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edward the Black Prince - Biographical Dictionary - s9.com Edward the Black Prince - Biographical Dictionary - s9.com [PAR] Home \u00bb Monarch \u00bb Prince \u00bb Edward the Black Prince [PAR] Edward the Black Prince [PAR] Nationality: [PAR] Categories: [PAR] 1330 \u2013 Born on June 15th in Woodstock, England. Edward, Prince of Wales, known as \"The Black Prince\", the eldest son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut. [PAR] 1333 \u2013 He was made Earl of Chester. [PAR] 1337 \u2013 Was made Duke of Cornwall, being the first duke ever created in England. [PAR] 1338 \u2013 Was the nominal warden of England during his father\u2019s absences abroad. [PAR] 1343 \u2013 He was created Prince of Wales. [PAR] 1346 \u2013 His real career begins, however, with Edward III\u2019s Norman campaign. [PAR] 1349-1350 \u2013 He was one of the original Knights of the Garter, and participated in his father\u2019s chivalrous adventures at Calais and in the battle of Winchelsea. [PAR] 1355 \u2013 He was sent to Gascony at the head of an English army, having been appointed his father\u2019s lieutenant. [PAR] 1361 \u2013 In October, Edward married his cousin Joan, Countess of Kent, the daughter and heiress of Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent. [PAR] 1376 \u2013 His last public act was to inspire the attack on Lancaster\u2019s influence made by the Good Parliament. [PAR] \u2013 Died on June 8th in Westminster, England. [PAR] Page last updated: May 24, 2007[DOC] [TLE] RBH Biography: Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376) RBH Biography: Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376) [PAR] Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376) [PAR] Born: 15th June 1330 at Woodstock, Oxfordshire [PAR] Prince of Wales [PAR] Died: 8th June 1376 at Westminster Palace, Middlesex [PAR] Prince Edward, the eldest son of King Edward III and Queen Philippa of Hainault, was born at the Royal Palace of Woodstock in Oxfordshire, on the 15th June 1330. In his third year, he was created Earl of Chester; four years afterwards Duke of Cornwall; and, in 1343, Prince of Wales. [PAR] At the institution of the Order of the Garter , Prince Edward had not completed his fourteenth year; and, although included amongst the Founders, in accordance with the design of his royal father that the eldest son of the Sovereign should be always a constituent ember of the Order, the honour of knighthood was reserved for the moment when he should be armed and thereby qualified to enter upon his warlike course. This occasion presented itself when, accompanying the King on his memorable expedition against France, he landed at La Hogue on the 12th July 1346. [PAR] At the Battle of Cr\ufffdcy, which was fought on the 26th August following, King Edward, desirous that his noble son should \"win his spurs,\" gave him the command of the van, with the counsel and assistance of the Earl of Warwick and Sir John Chandos. The tradition near the spot is, that the King had ordered the Prince to wear, on that day, a black cuirass, richly ornamented; and that, from this incident, he retained the surname attributed to him in history. The defeat of the enemy is known to have been complete; and the delighted father, embracing his son on the field of victory, eulogised his valour and pronounced him worthy of empire. [PAR] The magnificent establishment provided for Prince Edward in his early infancy, by his investiture with the ample domains of the County Palatine of Chester and the Duchy of Cornwall, had placed a vast revenue at his disposal as soon as he arrived at an age to administer his own affairs; and we have"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 'Little black jacket': Star-studded Lagerfeld - Emirates 24|7 'Little black jacket': Star-studded Lagerfeld - Emirates 24|7 [PAR] 'Little black jacket': Star-studded Lagerfeld [PAR] By [PAR] Published [PAR] Sunday, November 11, 2012 [PAR] FRANCE, Paris: Iconic fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld inaugurates his star-studded photo exhibition devoted to the little black jacket created by Coco Chanel in 1954. [PAR] Share with a friend or colleague [PAR] Your e-mail address:[DOC] [TLE] Brazilian bombshell: Fashion's new hotspot | Features ... Brazilian bombshell: Fashion's new hotspot | The Independent [PAR] Features [PAR] Brazilian bombshell: Fashion's new hotspot [PAR] Filled with swanky boutiques, multiple millionaires and model citizens galore, Brazil is fashion\u2019s new favourite hot-spot \u2013 in every sense of the term, says Alexander Fury [PAR] Sunday 3 November 2013 16:06 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] Brazilian bombshell: Fashion's new hotspot [PAR] 1/4 [PAR] Going Brazilian: the \u2018Brazil Issue\u2019 of 10 magazine [PAR] 2/4 [PAR] The girl from Ipanema: the highest-paid model in the world, Brazilian Gisele Bundchen, photographed by Nick Knight [PAR] Nick Knight [PAR] Super model Gisele Bundchen, one of Brazili's most valuable fashion export [PAR] AFP PHOTO/Thiago TEIXEIRA [PAR] Issue 6 of Made In Brazil magazine [PAR] Going Brazilian: the \u2018Brazil Issue\u2019 of 10 magazine [PAR] Take note: the fashion world has decreed that Brazil is the next big thing. Brazilian business is booming, the country\u2019s models dominate magazines, and big brands have picked up on the explosion and are expanding south of the border in a big, big way. [PAR] The latest is one of the oldest, Chanel \u2013 it had a presence in Brazil since the early 1990s, but last week Karl Lagerfeld himself touched down in S\u00e3o Paulo to celebrate the opening of Chanel\u2019s touring The Little Black Jacket exhibition \u2013 featuring his portraits of fashionable luminaries like Sarah Jessica Parker, Uma Thurman and Carine Roitfeld wearing the tweedy Chanel stalwart. [PAR] The exhibition and the inevitable party were staged in the ergonomic enclaves of the Oscar Niemeyer-designed Lucas Nogueira Garcez Pavilion in Parque do Ibirapuera \u2013 S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019s equivalent of Hyde Park. Lagerfeld is a Niemeyer fan \u2013 and Chanel is a fan of Brazil, full stop. \u201cWe\u2019ve opened and re-opened two new boutiques this year,\u201d calculates Bruno Pavlovsky, the president of Chanel\u2019s fashion division. \u201cWhich means we\u2019ve established three boutiques in S\u00e3o Paulo in less than three years.\u201d [PAR] Chanel is shrewd, because Brazil is \u201cone of the fastest-growing luxury markets and the focus of the next World Cup and Olympic Games\u201d. Those are the words of Sophia Neophitou-Apostolou, the editor-in-chief of glossy quarterly 10. [PAR] Going Brazilian: the \u2018Brazil Issue\u2019 of 10 magazine [PAR] [PAR] She\u2019s addicted to Brazilians, so much so, she dedicated the winter/spring 2013 issue of her magazine to the country \u2013 from the hyper-luxe brands that the magazine is coveting (Chanel, Dior, Louis Vuitton) to the body parts it\u2019s plumping (it\u2019s one of the world\u2019s leading plastic surgery destinations). Neophitou-Apostolou\u2019s reasoning is simple: \u201cI really wanted to get there first.\u201d [PAR] Issue 6 of Made In Brazil magazine [PAR] There\u2019s the same mentality amongst high fashion brands, who are scrambling to open boutiques in Brazil. Chanel has three, Dior a duo, Vuitton four. Last October, Valentino opened their first \u2013 and second, within the space of a month. The focus is on S\u00e3o Paulo, which is understandable when you tot up the population \u2013 some 19 million, and growing. Sizewise, that figure sandwiches it between Moscow and Beijing, the other key growth areas for fashion brands. The luxury market in Brazil is worth \u00a34.3bn. It\u2019s second only to China when"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rappelling | Define Rappelling at Dictionary.com Rappelling | Define Rappelling at Dictionary.com [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] (in mountaineering) the act or method of moving down a steep incline or past an overhang by means of a double rope secured above and placed around the body, usually under the left thigh and over the right shoulder, and paid out gradually in the descent. [PAR] verb (used without object), rappelled, rappelling. [PAR] 2. [PAR] to descend by means of a rappel. [PAR] Origin of rappel"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] tesco ,fashion, news page, clothing - fashionunited.co.uk tesco ,fashion, news page, clothing [PAR] Click here for the Latest Fashion news [PAR] on FashionUnited.co.uk [PAR] [PAR] Tesco news and facts history [PAR] Tesco was founded in 1919 and originally specialising in food and drink, it is now diversified into areas such as clothing, consumer electronics, consumer financial services, retailing and renting DVDs, CDs, music downloads, Internet service, consumer telecoms, consumer health insurance, consumer dental plans and software. [PAR] Click here to view the list of the last related news items, published by FashionUnited in the fashion news archive. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Tesco and Asda in Bangladesh [PAR] The BBC today reported Tesco and Asda are looking into allegations of worker abuse at garment factories used by their suppliers in Bangladesh. The retailers' comments came after a Guardian investigation claimed that workers making clothes were paid as little as four pence an hour. Tesco said it had done all it could to ensure \"high standards and good conditions\" in the country. Asda said any abuse was \"unacceptable\" and it may audit its factories. [PAR] In its report, the Guardian claims that garment workers are regularly forced to work 80 hours a week in factories where conditions are often violent, and where staff do not have access to trade unions. Charities such as War on Want have campaigned for years to improve the pay and conditions for garment workers in Bangladesh and last year wrote a report based on interviews with 60 workers from six garment factories. The group claimed that retailers could only sell their clothes at very low prices by pressuring suppliers in developing economies to keep costs down. As a result, suppliers in countries such as Bangladesh have had to drive down wages and extend working hours, as there is stiff competition for the retailers' business from other developing nations such as China. [PAR] Asda told the Guardian that: \"We find abuse of any kind unacceptable.\" The retailer blamed the problem on the fact that one of their approved suppliers was outsourcing its work to another factory without its knowledge and against its wishes. Tesco said it had taken steps to improve working conditions. \"We have stuck by Bangladesh, continued to invest in modern factories and done all we can to ensure that high standards and good conditions are maintained,\" the UK's largest supermarket firm said in a statement. [PAR] 17 July 2007 [PAR] Tesco like-for-like sales growth slowdown [PAR] Tesco has reported a slowdown in like-for-like sales growth in the three months ended 26 May to 4.7 percent, down from 5.8 percent the previous quarter. The results fell below analysts' expectations of 5 to 5.5 percent. As a result, shares in the supermarket giant dropped 2.8 percent. The group attributed the dip to \ufffdmore subdued markets\ufffd. [PAR] Despite the like-for-likes sales growth slowdown, chief executive Terry Leahy was upbeat about the first quarter results. \ufffdWe've made a good start to the year across the group,\ufffd he said in a statement. Sales rose 10 percent, driven by new store development and the integration of acquired stores. International growth was strong at 24.6 percent at constant exchange rates. Asia performed particularly well, with sales up 32 percent as the group consolidated its operations there. Meanwhile, the UK \ufffdmade solid progress\ufffd with \ufffdgood growth\ufffd in the core food categories and further improvement of its offering. The company last week announced \u00a3270 million in price cuts. [PAR] 19 June 2007 [PAR] Tesco head given \u00a31m pay rise to stay [PAR] Terry Green, the head of clothing at Tesco was given a"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baldwin I | king of Jerusalem | Britannica.com Baldwin I | king of Jerusalem | Britannica.com [PAR] king of Jerusalem [PAR] Alternative Titles: Baldwin of Boulogne, Baudouin de Boulogne [PAR] Baldwin I [PAR] Raymond IV [PAR] Baldwin I, byname Baldwin of Boulogne, French Baudouin de Boulogne (born 1058?\u2014died April 2, 1118, Al-\u02bfAr\u012bsh , Egypt ), king of the Crusader state of Jerusalem (1100\u201318) who expanded the kingdom and secured its territory, formulating an administrative apparatus that was to serve for 200 years as the basis for Frankish rule in Syria and Palestine. [PAR] Son of Eustace II, count of Boulogne, and Ida d\u2019Ardenne, Baldwin was the younger brother of Godfrey of Bouillon , whom he accompanied on the First Crusade (1096\u201399). While Baldwin was campaigning against the Seljuq Turks in Anatolia, Toros, the Christian prince of Edessa (now Urfa, Turkey), promised to make him his heir in return for military aid. Baldwin forced Toros to abdicate and took possession of Edessa in 1098. He consolidated his new principality and strengthened its ties with the native Armenians by marrying Arda, the daughter of an Armenian noble. [PAR] In July 1100 his brother Godfrey died in Jerusalem , and Baldwin was summoned by the nobles to succeed him as Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri (Defender of the Holy Sepulchre). In December, after leading a campaign in the south to impress the Egyptian F\u0101\u1e6dimids with his strength and after subduing the opposition of the Crusader nobles, he was crowned the first king of Jerusalem. [PAR] Once he had consolidated his strength at home, Baldwin seized the coastal cities of Arsuf (Tel Arshaf, Israel) and Caesarea (H\u0331orbat Qesari, Israel) in 1101; by 1112 he had captured all the coastal cities except Ascalon and Tyre. In 1115 he built the castle of Krak de Montr\u00e9al to protect the kingdom in the south. [PAR] In 1113 Baldwin forced his wife to enter a convent and married Adelaide of Saona, countess dowager of Sicily. He died without an heir and was succeeded by Baldwin of Bourcq , a cousin whom he had named count of Edessa in 1100. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles: [PAR] in Crusades[DOC] [TLE] Baldwin I - blessed-gerard.org Baldwin I [PAR] Baldwin I [PAR] King of Jerusalem (1100-1118) [PAR] The coronation of Baldwin I on Christmas Day 1100 [PAR] [from: William of Tyre: Histoire d'Outremer, French, 13th century, Biblioth\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdque Nationale, Paris, MS Fr. 9081, f.99v] [PAR] Count of Boulogne, and youngest brother of Godfrey of Bouillon , he joined the First Crusade in 1096. Founded the County of Edessa - the first crusader state - in 1098. On the death of Godfrey (1100) he was elected king of Jerusalem. He repelled Egyptian attacks, enforced the authority of state over church and extended the boundaries of the kingdom. [PAR] [from: Hallam, Elizabeth (edt.): Chronicles of the crusades. London 1989] [PAR] Seal of Baldwin, Crusader King of Jerusalem [PAR] Baldwin, King of Jerusalem [PAR] Latin kings of Jerusalem. Baldwin I, 1058?-1118 (r.1100-18), was a brother of GODFREY OF BOUILLON , whom he accompanied in the First CRUSADE . He gained the chief ports of Palestine and aided other Latin rulers against the Muslims. His cousin and successor, Baldwin II, d. 1131 (r.1118-31), was also in the First Crusade. As king he warred with the Turks in N Syria. During his reign TYRE and Antioch became Jerusalem's dependents. Baldwin III, 1130-62 (r.1143-62), the son of Fulk of Anjou, ruled as Latin power in the East began to decay. Edessa fell (1144) to the Muslims, the Second Crusade failed, and the Turkish sultan Nur ad-Din took"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bookshop in London - Hatchards - Piccadilly | Waterstones Bookshop in London - Hatchards - Piccadilly | Waterstones [PAR] Make this my local shop My local shop Edit [PAR] Hatchards Bookshop was founded by John Hatchard in 1797, and holds three Royal Warrants. It is a beautiful five-storey bookshop on Piccadilly, located next to Fortnum and Mason and opposite the Royal Academy. [PAR] Many authors come in to sign their new books at Hatchards, ensuring an excellent choice of new signed first editions. We also have a display of older first and special editions. [PAR] Within our History section we feature a strong selection of books on Royalty and Churchill. Our Children's department on the Second Floor is a haven for young minds to explore. [PAR] We have an inspiring calendar of events, including a wonderful Christmas Customer Evening, when some of the year's best authors come to meet customers and sign books. Hatchards also offers a subscription service, and a wedding list service. [PAR] Lower Ground Floor [PAR] Biography, Travel, Business, Science, Religion, Music [PAR] Ground Floor [PAR] History, New Books, Click & Collect Collection Point. [PAR] First Floor [PAR] Fiction, Crime, Science Fiction, Poetry, Literary Criticism [PAR] Second Floor"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] H.G. Wells | British author | Britannica.com H.G. Wells | British author | Britannica.com [PAR] British author [PAR] Alternative Title: Herbert George Wells [PAR] H.G. Wells [PAR] D.H. Lawrence [PAR] H.G. Wells, in full Herbert George Wells (born Sept. 21, 1866, Bromley, Kent , Eng.\u2014died Aug. 13, 1946, London ), English novelist, journalist, sociologist, and historian best known for such science fiction novels as The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds and such comic novels as Tono-Bungay and The History of Mr. Polly. [PAR] H.G. Wells, photograph by Yousuf Karsh. [PAR] Karsh/Woodfin Camp and Associates [PAR] Early life [PAR] Wells was the son of domestic servants turned small shopkeepers. He grew up under the continual threat of poverty, and at age 14, after a very inadequate education supplemented by his inexhaustible love of reading, he was apprenticed to a draper in Windsor. His employer soon dismissed him; and he became assistant to a chemist, then to another draper, and finally, in 1883, an usher at Midhurst Grammar School. At 18 he won a scholarship to study biology at the Normal School (later the Royal College) of Science, in South Kensington, London, where T.H. Huxley was one of his teachers. He graduated from London University in 1888, becoming a science teacher and undergoing a period of ill health and financial worries, the latter aggravated by his marriage, in 1891, to his cousin, Isabel Mary Wells. The marriage was not a success, and in 1894 Wells ran off with Amy Catherine Robbins (d. 1927), a former pupil, who in 1895 became his second wife. [PAR] Early writings [PAR] Wells\u2019s first published book was a Textbook of Biology (1893). With his first novel , The Time Machine (1895), which was immediately successful, he began a series of science fiction novels that revealed him as a writer of marked originality and an immense fecundity of ideas: The Wonderful Visit (1895), The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898), The First Men in the Moon (1901), and The Food of the Gods (1904). He also wrote many short stories, which were collected in The Stolen Bacillus (1895), The Plattner Story (1897), and Tales of Space and Time (1899). For a time he acquired a reputation as a prophet of the future, and indeed, in The War in the Air (1908), he foresaw certain developments in the military use of aircraft. But his imagination flourished at its best not in the manner of the comparatively mechanical anticipations of Jules Verne but in the astronomical fantasies of The First Men in the Moon and The War of the Worlds , from the latter of which the image of the Martian has passed into popular mythology. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Scientists Ponder Menopause in Killer Whales [PAR] Behind his inventiveness lay a passionate concern for man and society, which increasingly broke into the fantasy of his science fiction, often diverting it into satire and sometimes, as in The Food of the Gods, destroying its credibility. Eventually, Wells decided to abandon science fiction for comic novels of lower middle-class life, most notably in Love and Mr. Lewisham (1900), Kipps: The Story of a Simple Soul (1905), and The History of Mr. Polly (1910). In these novels, and in Tono-Bungay (1909), he drew on memories of his own earlier life, and, through the thoughts of inarticulate yet often ambitious heroes, revealed the hopes and frustrations of clerks, shop assistants, and underpaid teachers, who had rarely before been treated in fiction with such sympathetic understanding. In these novels, too,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Royal House Of Hanover - British Monarchy Family History The Royal House Of Hanover - British Monarchy Family History [PAR] British Monarchy Family History [PAR] The Royal House Of Hanover [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Royal House of Hanover was the ruling royal house of Great Britain and Ireland for one hundred and eighty seven years from 1714 - 1901, by way of six monarchs. [PAR] King George I came to the throne upon the death of the Royal House of Stuart monarch Queen Anne in 1714 as he was the late queen's closest Protestant relative through his mother Queen Sophie, who was the grand daughter of King James I of England by way of her mother Elisabeth of Bohemia. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] GEORGE I [PAR] George was born on the 28th of May 1660 in Hanover in Germany, which at that time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the oldest child of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and his wife Countess Sophie of Rhineland - Palatine. He came to the British throne after the death of his cousin, the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne. [PAR] King George was crowned at Westminster Abbey on the 20th of October 1714 at the age of fifty and was not particularly liked or welcomed by the British people, probably for no other reason than he was a foreigner. It was believed that he did not speak very good English, although records show that he did have a good understanding of the language. However, his lack of English did go on to see a diminishing of the monarchy and more power and control given to the government, which, by the time of his death in 1727, had left full power of the running of the country to Robert Walpole, Great Britain's very first Prime Minister. [PAR] King George's reign also brought about the Jacobite Rebellions (1715 - 1746) - a series of uprisings and rebellions aimed at restoring the Royal House of Stuart to the throne of Britain - an act designed to replace him with the former Queen Anne's half brother James Francis Edward Stuart, an act that failed mainly due to the Stuart's Catholicism. [PAR] On a personal level George is best remembered for his long running feud with his only son, the future King George II. [PAR] King George died whilst on a visit to his native Germany on the 11th of June 1727 at Osnabruck. He is buried at the Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] SOPHIA DOROTHEA OF CELLE [PAR] In 1682, by way of an arranged marriage of state, George married Sophia Dorothea of Celle (1666 - 1726) on the 22nd of November 1682 in Celle, Germany. [PAR] Sophia Dorothea was born on the 15th of September 1666 in Celle, Germany and was the daughter of George William, Duke of Brunswick - Luneburg and his long term mistress, Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse. [PAR] Sophia Dorothea is best remembered for her affair with Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck, which when found out, resulted in her spending the last thirty years of her life incarcerated in the Castle of Ahlden in her native Celle, where she was denied any contact with her children ever again. [PAR] She died from liver failure brought on by gall stones on the 13th of November 1726 and was later interred at the Stadtkirche in Celle, Germany. [PAR] Her lover was apparently murdered by order of the King, but this has never been verified. [PAR] Before her affair and subsequent divorce and incarceration, their union had produced two heirs one of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Martinique Map / Geography of Martinique / Map of ... Martinique Map / Geography of Martinique / Map of Martinique - Worldatlas.com [PAR] Print this map [PAR] Martinique Description [PAR] Martinique was originally inhabited by Arawaks from South America , and the majority of those early inhabitants were killed by an eruption of Mount Pelee in 295 AD. [PAR] Near 400 AD, the long-vanquished Arawaks returned to the island. Around 600 AD, the cannibalistic Caribs arrived, exterminated the Arawaks and permanently settled on the island. [PAR] Columbus charted the island in 1493, then landed on Martinique (near Le Carbet) in 1502 during his fourth voyage to the 'New World.' However, the Spanish found little value here, and sailed south for greener pastures. [PAR] In 1635, from the island of St Kitts , the French sent a group of one hundred settlers to Martinique; they built a small settlement and over the next few decades they took control of the island, and destroyed many of the Caribs that still called it home. [PAR] In short order the growing and trading of sugar became the major business on the island, and by order of King Louis XIV, African slaves were forced from their homelands to work the plantations as slaves. [PAR] For over one hundred and fifty years, slavery, and slave revolts, would be a major influence on the economy and politics of the Martinique. [PAR] After on-going battles with the Carib Indians, the Seven Years' War with the English, and additional periods of British control, the French took firm control in 1815. [PAR] In 1848, the French government signed an Emancipation Proclamation document, which ended all slavery in the French West Indies . However, indentured laborers from India were brought to arrive in Martinique to replace the black slaves. [PAR] By 1888, Martinique's population neared 175,000. On May 8, 1902, Mt. Pelee erupted, destroying the once thriving capital city of Saint Pierre, and killing its 30,000 residents in less than three-minutes. [PAR] Adding misery on top of misery, the world market for sugar began to collapse in 1921, and island cultivators sought a new crop. In 1928 they introduced bananas, which along with sugarcane, tourism, and light industry form the island's economy today. [PAR] As a long-time French colony, Martinique was declared an official French overseas department in 1946, and the island's beauty, charm and historical sites continue to attract visitors from around the world. [PAR] Fort-de-France, fronted by lush, green mountains, surrounds a yacht-filled harbor, and is one of the most strikingly beautiful ports in the Caribbean . [PAR] Point du Bont is the island's main resort area, offering a wide selection of hotels, along with casinos, great golf, shopping and night life.[DOC] [TLE] Guadeloupe, Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe, Caribbean ... Guadeloupe, Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe, Caribbean, Caribbean Real Estate, Caribbean Resorts, Caribbean Restaurants [PAR] Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe [PAR] EXPERIENCE [PAR] Unlike the majority of the Caribbean islands which are British owned, the island of Guadeloupe belongs to France, giving it a distinctly French atmosphere often found in its popular cities like Paris combined with a touch of Gallic influences. It has the beaches plus miles of attractive scenery across its mountainous terrain full of colorful flora. Even though it\u2019s referred to as single entity, Guadeloupe is actually two individual islands (Grande-Terre and Basse-Terre) separated by the Rivi\u00e8re Sal\u00e9e. [PAR] Guadeloupe was originally known as the Island of Beautiful Waters, the name given it to by the Carib tribes that once dwelled there before they were driven out by the French in the mid 1600s. When Christopher"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FIFA World Cup Best Young Player Award - Football World ... FIFA World Cup Best Young Player Award - Football World Cup Best Young Player Award Winners [PAR] Football \u00bb FIFA World Cup Awards \u00bb Best Young Player Award [PAR] Best Young Player Award [PAR] Wouldn\u2019t it be entirely great to be as young as sixteen or seventeen and be a part of a football World Cup squad, but how much greater would it be to also be presented with the FIFA Best Young Player Award. Well, that\u2019s exactly how Germany\u2019s Lukas Podolski might have felt after being presented with the Best Young Player Award right after the 2006 FIFA World Cup tournament. [PAR] The Best Young Player Award is handed out to a youngster who \u2018executes\u2019 beyond all expectations. Only a youngster who is blessed with a rare dosage of deftness and talent is honored with the award. There is an age limit for this award; the award is only given to a player who has not crossed 21 years of age. [PAR] Although the award was introduced in 2006, a unique process initiated by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) helped recognize the best youngsters from previous tournaments. The organization conducted a survey on the internet and asked users and fans to choose the \u2018Best Young Player\u2019 of the World Cup between the years 1958 and 2002. The election for this award was carried out on the official FIFA World Cup website and under the watchful eye of the FIFA Technical Study Group. [PAR] The results however were not too much of a surprise with 61% of the overall votes finding themselves against the name \u2018Pele\u2019, Brazil\u2019s and the world\u2019s football legend. Edison Arantes do Nascimento or Pele scored his first goal for Brazil as a teenager, he was sixteen back then. The rest of his career saw him scoring 77 goals for his country. As a sixteen year old his performances on the field justified the need for a \u2018Best Young Player\u2019 award, but there was none back then. The lack of an award to recognize and honor the talents of young geniuses prompted FIFA in 2006 to introduce the \u2018Best Young Player Award\u2019. [PAR] In 2006, German striker actually became the first recipient of the Best Young Player Award, no mere feat that. Will another prodigy \u2018pocket\u2019 this award at the 2010 FIFA World Cup? Who will it be? You have no choice but to wait to arrive at the answer for the same. [PAR] Football World Cup Best Young Player Award Recipients [PAR] *The list of players who have won the Best Young Player Award is given below. [PAR] Year[DOC] [TLE] FIFA World Cup 2014: Complete List of Award Winners and ... FIFA World Cup 2014: Complete List of Award Winners and Runners Ups [PAR] FIFA World Cup 2014 [PAR] FIFA World Cup 2014: Complete List of Award Winners and Runners Ups [PAR] The 2014 World Cup finally ended with Germany emerging victorious against Argentina in the finals, and Netherlands claiming the third place after beating hosts Brazil. [PAR] Binayak Khatri [PAR] July 14, 2014 16:17 IST [PAR] Germany's Lukas Podolski lifts the World Cup trophy beside his team after they won the 2014 World Cup final against Argentina at the Maracana stadium in Rio de JaneiroReuters [PAR] The 2014 World Cup finally ended with Germany emerging victorious against Argentina in the finals, and Netherlands claiming the third place after beating hosts Brazil. [PAR] The tournament, which was a mixture of some raw emotions including frustration, excitement, disappointment, humiliation and elation, saw"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Logo Joke - TV Tropes Logo Joke - TV Tropes [PAR] Logo Joke [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] Fox shoots down yet another promising pilot . [PAR] Some studios have vanity plates that are recognized everywhere . The moment you see a ring of stars swirling into place above a serene-looking mountain, for example, you know you're looking at a Paramount production. That little kid who tosses a fishing line into the water while sitting in the crook of the moon is instantly recognizable as DreamWorks . Such logos, once they climb to a certain point of universal recognition and cause a globe to spin on the movie screens , are a sure fire form of brand name recognition. [PAR] Every once in a while, though, a creator will have fun with it. The Vanity Plate will be changed in some way, just enough to put a new spin on it usually being tied into the movie it's featured in. Match Cuts are also a common form of this. More rarely, the logo will show up in a scene in the middle of the show. [PAR] A very specific type of inside joke. A subtrope of Special Edition Title . More examples in the IMDb's Crazy Credits [PAR] section, or at the Closing Logos Group Wiki [PAR] Examples: [PAR] open/close all folders [PAR] DreamWorks and DreamWorks Animation [PAR] A popular way to open a DreamWorks Animation movie is to pan down from the scene with the boy in the moon, so even logos that are otherwise normal will have the sky altered to match the opening scene. [PAR] Shark Tale : The boy casts his line and the action switches to the worm at the end, which segues into the movie proper. [PAR] Bee Movie : A bee scares away the boy and takes his place on the moon. [PAR] Madagascar : Escape 2 Africa: The penguins knock out the boy and take his place. [PAR] Penguins of Madagascar : After a \"20 Years\" version of the regular DreamWorks logo, the logo appears on an ice cliff face with the boy in the moon. Part of the cliff then breaks off to reveal the silhouettes of the four penguins on top of each other, taking the boy's place with the penguin on top holding the fishing rod . [PAR] Monsters vs. Aliens : A UFO abducts the boy with a tractor beam. Furthermore, the logo appears in grainy black-and-white and in the 3D version appears flat. [PAR] Kung Fu Panda : A leopard in a coolie hat in a Ninja Run , skips across a body of water, fishing pole in hand, leaping up onto the crescent moon to take the boy's place. [PAR] Kung Fu Panda 2 picks up on Master Oogway's death in the first film by having him go to the moon and take the boy's place. [PAR] In Kung Fu Panda 3 , Po wears himself out climbing a long flight of stairs to get to the moon, and ends up flopping across it, exhausted. [PAR] Medal of Honor : As the piano theme tune changes to a military fanfare, the boy throws away his fishing rod to pull out a rifle and put on a helmet. He then jumps off the moon, deploying a parachute, but it gets stuck at the bottom of the moon. [PAR] The Ring : The moon becomes the Ring for a split second, along with videotape glitches. [PAR] Shrek : The S in both"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical Elements.com - Silicon (Si) Chemical Elements.com - Silicon (Si) [PAR] Contains an \"Introduction to Tungsten\", among other things [PAR] If you know of any other links for Silicon, please let me know [PAR] Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Silicon. [PAR] <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/si.html>. [PAR] For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . [PAR] This page was created by Yinon Bentor. [PAR] Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Si - definition of Si by The Free Dictionary Si - definition of Si by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Si - definition of Si by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Si [PAR] Syst\u00e8me International [d'Unit\u00e9s] (International System [of Units]) [PAR] Si 1 [PAR] [Italian, from Medieval Latin; see gamut.] [PAR] si [PAR] (Classical Music) music a variant of te [PAR] si [PAR] the internet domain name for [PAR] (Computer Science) Slovenia [PAR] (Placename) a variant transliteration of the Chinese name for the Xi [PAR] Si [PAR] (Units) Syst\u00e8me International (d'Unit\u00e9s). See SI unit [PAR] abbreviation for [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] Si - a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors [PAR] atomic number 14 , silicon [PAR] chemical element , element - any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter [PAR] quartz - a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities [PAR] clay - a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired [PAR] semiconducting material , semiconductor - a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities [PAR] feldspar , felspar - any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium [PAR] granite - plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz [PAR] sand - a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral [PAR] silicone , silicone polymer - any of a large class of siloxanes that are unusually stable over a wide range of temperatures; used in lubricants and adhesives and coatings and synthetic rubber and electrical insulation [PAR] 2. [PAR] SI - a complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists; fundamental quantities are length (meter) and mass (kilogram) and time (second) and electric current (ampere) and temperature (kelvin) and amount of matter (mole) and luminous intensity (candela); \"Today the United States is the only country in the world not totally committed to the Systeme International d'Unites\" [PAR] metric system - a decimal system of weights and measures based on the meter and the kilogram and the second [PAR] 3."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] English Riviera: Torquay Hotel, Paignton, Brixham ... English Riviera: Torquay Hotel, Paignton, Brixham, Holidays, Hotels, Bed & Breakfast, South Devon [PAR] Bed & Breakfast [PAR] Autumn & Winter Winter Escapes [PAR] Your Itinerary Planner [PAR] Welcome to My Riviera. Use this tool to build your own journey or choose from an exciting range of specially selected tours. [PAR] Order your Official FREE English Riviera Holiday Guide 2017 now! [PAR] Check Availability [PAR] Search Online for accommodation on the English Riviera to find your perfect stay [PAR] When are you planning to visit? [PAR] Check Availability? [PAR] Places To Visit [PAR] English Riviera Holidays [PAR] The warmest of welcomes awaits you on the English Riviera, South Devon\u2019s Beautiful Bay. Surrounded by stunning coast and countryside, the towns of Torquay, Babbacombe, Paignton and Brixham offer fantastic all year round holidays for everyone, from couples to families, who want their holiday pound to go that little bit further. [PAR] A Beach Holiday and So Much More [PAR] The English Riviera may be most famous for its award winning beaches and exotic palm trees, but it has much more to offer than just seaside holidays. The English Riviera has more attractions than any other resort in the UK and is also a Global Geopark. Getting out on the water is what our visitors love to do, and there is a great selection of boat trips and tasty local food and fresh fish to enjoy. Torquay is the birthplace of crime writer Agatha Christie, and the whole resort is the location for a packed programme of all year events and festivals including the annual Agatha Christie Festival. [PAR] The Perfect Place to Stay [PAR] As one of the country\u2019s most popular holiday destinations, there\u2019s no shortage of accommodation to suit all tastes and budgets ranging from luxury hotels to charming Bed and Breakfasts and quality self catering establishments. [PAR] Browse our website to book your accommodation online and discover all that there is to see and do on the English Riviera, South Devon\u2019s Beautiful Bay.[DOC] [TLE] English Riviera News - South Devon News South Devon News - Torquay, Paignton, Brixham, Babbacombe | English Riviera News [PAR] Home \u00bb Home [PAR] Welcome to English Riviera News [PAR] A warm welcome awaits you on the English Riviera, South Devon\u2019s Beautiful Bay, UNESCO-recognised Global Geopark and home to the coastal towns of Torquay, Paignton, Brixham and Babbacombe. [PAR] This spectacularly beautiful seafront destination is famous for its 22 miles of coastal footpath, legendary Agatha Christie Festival, internationally popular Pirate Festival, its sailing and boat trips around the sheltered blue waters and crystal coves of Tor Bay and much more. [PAR] English Riviera News is a photo blog brought to you by the PR team at the English Riviera Tourism Company. It is designed to provide the latest events and attractions, newest hotel and restaurant openings, foodie, festival and beachfront news plus the inside track on who\u2019s who and what\u2019s happening right now on the English Riviera."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WebAIM: Visual Disabilities - Color-blindness WebAIM: Visual Disabilities - Color-blindness [PAR] Visual Disabilities [PAR] You are here: Home > Articles > Visual Disabilities > Page 4: Color-blindness [PAR] Article Contents [PAR] Key Concepts [PAR] Types of Color-blindness [PAR] Before getting into the details of the types of color-blindness, you should know that the following explanations are simplified versions of the complete picture. Color-blindness is a fascinating topic precisely because of its complexity. You do not need to understand all of the details of color-blindness to know how to create web content that is accessible to those who are color-blind. Here is an important fact to understand right off the bat: [PAR] Important [PAR] The key principle of web accessibility for users with color-blindness is: [PAR] Perceivable: because they cannot perceive (see) the difference between certain color combinations [PAR] The colors with which they have difficulty distinguishing depend upon their type of color-blindness, but red-green deficiencies are the most common. [PAR] Red-green deficiencies [PAR] The most common broad category of color-blindness is often called red-green color-blindness, but this does not mean that these people cannot see reds or greens. They simply have a harder time differentiating between them. Not all reds and greens are indistinguishable. It would be easy for someone with a red-green deficiency to tell the difference between a light green and a dark red, for example. A lot depends\u2014at least in part\u2014on how dark the colors are. If the red is approximately as dark as the green, there is a greater likelihood that the colors will be confused. [PAR] Also, there is some evidence that people with red-green color-blindness see reds and greens as yellows, oranges and beiges. This means that yellows, oranges, and beiges can be confused with greens and reds. The colors least affected are the blues. [PAR] Protanopia and protanomaly (red deficiencies) [PAR] The color receptors (cones) in the eyes of people with protanopia are not sensitive to long wavelengths (the reds). Reds look more like beiges and appear to be somewhat darker than they actually are. The greens tend to look similar to the reds. Protanomaly is milder than protanopia, but the end result is similar. Although many people with protanomaly can distinguish some reds and greens, they cannot do so as easily as someone with color-normal vision, and, as with protanopia, reds tend to look darker as well. [PAR] Experience it for yourself [PAR] Achromacy [PAR] Designing for Color-blindness [PAR] When designing web content for people who are color-blind you do NOT have to convert all of your images to black and white or get rid of your images entirely. In fact, you may not have to change any of your images at all. Here is the key: [PAR] Important [PAR] Make sure that colors are not your only method of conveying important information. [PAR] Most of the time when people put images on the web, the fact that they are in color at all is irrelevant. It may be nicer to see the colors, but the viewer can understand the image just fine even with all of the colors removed. If, however, the purpose of posting the image is to communicate something about the colors in that image, then it is important to provide some other way of understanding the information. For example, if the image shows the routes of the London Underground, where the routes are distinguished only by the color of the lines, as in the graphic below, you would want to somehow annotate either the graphic itself (and supply the appropriate alt text) or the text in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Michael's Mount and Marazion Cornwall June 1990 ... St. Michael's Mount and Marazion Cornwall June 1990. - YouTube [PAR] St. Michael's Mount and Marazion Cornwall June 1990. [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 24, 2010 [PAR] St Michael's Mount is a tidal island located 366 m off the Mount's Bay coast of Cornwall. [PAR] The music is called \"Kornkreise\" from the Album \"Production Music Vol.2\" of highland musikarchiv [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] St Michael's Mount, off the coast of Marazion, Cornwall ... St Michael's Mount, off the coast of Marazion, Cornwall, England - Bing\u2122 Wallpaper Gallery [PAR] Tweet [PAR] St Michael's Mount, off the coast of Marazion, Cornwall, England (\u00a9 David Gristwood)(Bing United States)"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is the Magna Carta? - Ask History What is the Magna Carta? - Ask History [PAR] Ask History [PAR] June 19, 2013 By Mariel Synan [PAR] Share this: [PAR] What is the Magna Carta? [PAR] Author [PAR] What is the Magna Carta? [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] Hundreds of years before American colonists revolted against the crown, rebel nobles in England drafted the Magna Carta to curtail the power of their own tyrannical monarch\u2013King John. While the Magna Carta, signed in 1215, primarily secured liberties for England\u2019s elite classes, its language protecting due process and barring absolute monarchy has guided the fundamental principles of common law in constitutions around the world for the last 800 years. The Magna Carta brought an end to the absolute power of English sovereigns as they, too, were required to be held accountable by the law. [PAR] King John had a tumultuous relationship with Pope Innocent III, a controversial figure in the early 13th century who claimed supreme authority over European sovereigns. After opposing Stephen Langton\u2019s appointment as archbishop of Canterbury in 1207, King John became the first English monarch to be excommunicated, so he struck back by taxing the Church and seizing portions of its lands. He was even more unpopular among the English barons, whom he taxed heavily to pay for his military defeats. In 1214, King John launched an unsuccessful invasion of France and taxed the English nobility again to pay for his war, sparking a revolt of the barons in 1215. [PAR] To resolve the civil unrest and end the king\u2019s abuse of power, Langton and a group of rebel barons drafted the Articles of the Barons, which became the Magna Carta. In fear that the rebellion would escalate to full-scale civil war and endanger his throne, King John affixed his seal on the document at Runnymede on June 15, 1215, making it Europe\u2019s first written constitution. After only a few weeks, however, Pope Innocent III, who by then had reconciled with King John, voided the Magna Carta at the king\u2019s urging. This reignited the violence between the monarchy and the barons, but after King John\u2019s sudden death in 1216, the Magna Carta was reinstated under 9-year-old King Henry III. (It was revised in 1216, 1217 and 1225.) [PAR] Ironically, the Magna Carta would inspire American colonists a few hundred years later to declare independence from the British themselves. Around one-third of the provisions in the United States\u2019 Bill of Rights draw from the Magna Carta, particularly from its 39th clause: \u201cNo freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land.\u201d [PAR] The four remaining copies of the original Magna Carta are housed at Salisbury Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral and the British Museum. [PAR] Tags[DOC] [TLE] What is the Magna Carta? - History.com What is the Magna Carta? [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Hundreds of years before American colonists revolted against the crown, rebel nobles in England drafted the Magna Carta to curtail the power of their own tyrannical monarch\u2013King John. While the Magna Carta, signed in 1215, primarily secured liberties for England\u2019s elite classes, its language protecting due process and barring absolute monarchy has guided the fundamental principles of common law in constitutions around the world for the last 800 years. The Magna Carta brought an end to the absolute power of English sovereigns as they, too, were required to be held accountable by the law. [PAR] King John had a tumultuous relationship"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Julian Casablancas \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts ... Julian Casablancas \u2014 Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] new wave [PAR] Julian Casablancas (born August 23, 1978 in New York City, New York) is the lead singer and songwriter of the American rock band The Strokes [PAR] Julian Casablancas is half American and half Danish and the son of John Casablancas and Jeanette Christiansen. His parents divorced when he was young. He attended kindergarten with future bandmate Nikolai Fraiture. [PAR] Early in his teens, Julian's father sent him to the Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland. This was where Julian first met Albert Hammond\u2026 read more"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top 10 UK Golf Courses & Open Competitions \u2039 19th Hole ... Top 10 UK Golf Courses & Open Competitions \u2039 19th Hole \u2013 The Golf Blog From Your Golf Travel [PAR] 1 \u2013 Woodhall Spa [PAR] With two fantastic championship courses including the majestic Hotchkin Course \u2013 ranked 25th best course in the world and 2nd in England \u2013 Woodhall Spa \u2013 the home of the English Golf Union \u2013 is a fantastic place to escape for a weekend golf break. Firm, sandy heathland fairways, incredible bunkering and ancient woodlands are the main features of both of these outstanding golf courses and if you fancy a bit of competitive golf in a classic English inland setting Woodhall Spa will be tough to top. [PAR] 2 \u2013 Dundonald Links [PAR] Kyle Philips has forged such a strong reputation among modern day golf course architects that he is rightly considered to be one of the front runners of his profession. Success stories such as The Grove in Hertfordshire and the amazing Kingsbarns in Scotland are among his past projects so the Dundonald Links really had something to live up to. Philips hasn\u2019t disappointed with his latest Scottish effort as Dundonald Links has become widely recognised as one of the finest new golf courses in the UK. All of the links essentials are present; deep choppy rough awaits any errant tee shots, pot bunkers are a constant threat, burns snake their way around the course and the wind that rolls in from the Firth of Clyde can truly transform the course. Pine trees provide an unusual but welcome backdrop on a select few holes and the overall experience at Dundonald is hard to come by anywhere else in Scotland. [PAR] 3 \u2013 Trevose [PAR] Thanks to famous names such as Royal St Georges, Royal Birkdale and Royal Lytham & St Anne\u2019s, links gems like Trevose can remain relatively unknown to many golfers in the UK. However this doesn\u2019t mean they lack in quality; quite the opposite in fact. The Championship Course at Trevose is one of the finest in the UK and lovers of links golf will not be disappointed by what is on offer on the Cornish coastline. The remarkable beauty of the Cornish coast is the backdrop for Colt\u2019s 6,863 yard classic, which is comprised of two loops; the outward half hugs the rugged seaside, before you turn for home and play the inward links of the closing stretch. Golfers will battle the elements that batter this exposed landscape, where the smooth and pure putting surfaces are protected by treacherous pot bunkers and severe rough. Links golf at it best! [PAR] 4 \u2013 Sunningdale [PAR] Sunningdale is just one of many sublime golf courses situated along the famous Surrey Sandbelt and you can play some competitive golf there in 2012. Two outstanding heathland courses \u2013 The Old and The New \u2013 await golfers at Sunningdale. Sunningdale\u2019s Old Course, which was formulated in 1901 by Willie Park Jnr., is a classic parkland layout, where every individual hole is carved through the mature woodland, presenting one of the most pleasurable golfing experiences to be found anywhere in the country. The New has a distinctly different character to its elder sibling, but is by no means inferior. Colt\u2019s design is more rugged and masculine, and is a beautiful place to enjoy inland golf. [PAR] 5 \u2013 Royal Aberdeen [PAR] Royal Aberdeen isn\u2019t the best known of Scotland\u2019s classic links courses but it remains a top class test of golf all the same. The quality of this James Braid design \u2013 now"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Basic Music Theory - Engrade Wikis Basic Music Theory [PAR] Basic Music Theory [PAR] Time Values: Semibreves, Minims, Crotchets, Quavers & Semiquavers [PAR] Crotchets, Minims and Semibreves [PAR] When we tap our feet or clap our hands 'in time' to a piece of music, we are clapping the steady beats of the music. At this level, our beats are shown like this: [PAR] . This sign is called a crotchet or quarter note . [PAR] The sign, [PAR] , is used for a sound which lasts as long as two (2) crotchets. It is called a minim or half note . [PAR] The sign, [PAR] , is used for a sound which lasts as long as four (4) crotchets. It is called a semibreve or whole note . [PAR] A semibreve lasts as long as four crotchets or two minims. We can also say that a semibreve has the same time value as four crotchets or two minims. Therefore a minim has the same time value as two crotchets and half the time value of a semibreve. [PAR] Quavers and Semiquavers [PAR] There are also time values that are shorter than crotchets/quarter notes! The quaver or eighth note , [PAR] , lasts for half the length of a crotchet, i.e. 1/2 of a beat. [PAR] The semiquaver or sixteenth note , [PAR] , lasts for quarter of the length of a crotchet, i.e. 1/4 of a beat. [PAR] Therefore, two quavers last as long as one crotchet; and four semiquavers also lasts as long as one crotchet. [PAR] Note [PAR] When two quavers/eighth notes are written together, they can be beamed together as below: [PAR] When four semiquavers/sixteenth notes are written together, they can be beamed together as below: [PAR] {} [PAR] The following chart shows the two names that can be given to each note symbol. The names on the left are American and the names on the right are British (you can use either form). The chart also shows the number of beats each note gets: [PAR] Click here to be taken to a set of flashcards about this topic. Use these cards to help you learn and remember the note names and note values presented in this topic. For instructions on how to use the flashcards click here . [PAR] Happy studying! [PAR] [b] [u]Crotchets, Minims and Semibreves [/b] [/u] When we tap our feet or clap our hands 'in time' to a piece of music, we are clapping the steady [b] beats [/b] of the music. At this level, our beats are shown like this: {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4079538625169196/quarter-note_small.jpg} . This sign is called a [b] crotchet [/b] or [b] quarter note [/b]. The sign, {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4099985869727737/half-note_small.jpg} , is used for a sound which lasts as long as [i] two (2) [/i] crotchets. It is called a [b] minim [/b] or [b] half note [/b]. The sign, {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4047273754956979/whole-note_small.jpg} , is used for a sound which lasts as long as [i] four (4) [/i] crotchets. It is called a [b] semibreve [/b] or [b] whole note [/b]. A semibreve lasts as long as four crotchets or two minims. We can also say that a semibreve has the same [b] time value [/b] as four crotchets or two minims. Therefore a [i] minim [/i] has the same time value as two crotchets and [i] half [/i] the time value of a semibreve. [b] [u]Quavers and Semiquavers [/b] [/u] There are also time values that are shorter than crotchets/quarter notes! The [b] quaver [/b] or [b] eighth note [/b], {https://s3.amazonaws.com/engrade-myfiles/4040305421343735/eighth-note_small.jpg} , lasts for half the length of a crotchet, i.e. 1/2"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ryokan - Japan Travel and Living Guide Ryokan [PAR] Ryokan [PAR] Ryokan [PAR] Naraya, Kusatsu Onsen [PAR] Ryokan are Japanese style inns found throughout the country, especially in hot spring resorts. More than just a place to sleep, ryokan are an opportunity to experience the traditional Japanese lifestyle and hospitality, incorporating elements such as tatami floors, futon beds, Japanese style baths and local cuisine , making them popular with both Japanese and foreign tourists alike. [PAR] There are many different kinds of ryokan, varying greatly in terms of size, cost and style. Some ryokan are small, family run establishments with just a few rooms, while others are large, hotel-like facilities with hundreds of rooms. Ryokan also range from no-frills, budget varieties to costly establishments catering to the very wealthy. [PAR] While extremes exist, the average cost of a ryokan stay is between 15,000 and 25,000 yen per person, per night. While this may be too expensive to stay at everyday, it is well worth indulging on one special night during your travels. Also keep in mind that ryokan stays usually include an elaborate dinner in the evening, followed by breakfast the next morning. Meals are typically kaiseki ryori (Japanese haute cuisine) that feature local and seasonal specialties. [PAR] Because of their emphasis on traditional style and atmosphere, ryokan may appear rigid and intimidating for the first timer unfamiliar with the procedures and etiquette. In reality they are a special and relaxing experience that everyone should take the opportunity to try. In order to help set your mind at ease, the following pages offer an explanation of what to expect during a ryokan visit.[DOC] [TLE] Shizuka Ryokan Japanese Country Spa Retreat (Hepburn ... Shizuka Ryokan Japanese Country Spa Retreat (Hepburn Springs, Australia) - UPDATED 2017 Inn Reviews - TripAdvisor [PAR] Shizuka Ryokan Japanese Country Spa Retreat [PAR] Write a Review [PAR] Shizuka Ryokan Japanese Country Spa Retreat [PAR] Show Prices [PAR] 7 Lakeside Dr, Hepburn Springs, Victoria 3461, Australia [PAR] Hotel amenities [PAR] Trusted partner. We work with to make your booking as easy as possible. [PAR] Secure payments. We use industry-leading practices to keep your information secure. [PAR] Book on [PAR] Ages of Children: change Please provide ages [PAR] Child 1 Age [PAR] or compare prices from up to 200 sites including: [PAR] TripAdvisor members only. [PAR] Login for exclusive access to hotel deals up to 40% off [PAR] Login to get best prices [PAR] 145 more photos [PAR] Star rating provided by Expedia. [PAR] Luxury Free Parking [PAR] Ages of Children: change Please provide ages [PAR] Child 1 Age [PAR] Rooms & rates for Shizuka Ryokan Japanese Country Spa Retreat [PAR] We're finding you the best rooms at the lowest prices from our partner. [PAR] Book on [PAR] Getting you more information on this room [PAR] See More [PAR] Select [PAR] Show available rooms for Shizuka Ryokan Japanese Country Spa Retreat [PAR] We\u2019re sorry, there are no available rooms for this property on TripAdvisor. Please change dates or see offers from our partners. [PAR] We\u2019re sorry, there are no available rooms for this property on TripAdvisor. Please change dates or view all Hepburn Springs hotels with availability . 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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Is Gephyrophobia? - Gephyrophobia Help Guide What Is Gephyrophobia? - Gephyrophobia Help Guide [PAR] Gephyrophobia Help Guide [PAR] Understanding Your Fear Of Bridges [PAR] What Is Gephyrophobia? [PAR] Gephyrophobia is the irrational fear of bridges. For most sufferers this is driving or walking over a bridge. However for some their fear can strike anxiety at the sight of a bridge. Those who suffer from this condition typically avoid any routes they know where a bridge is present and turn around when they encounter one. [PAR] Symptoms [PAR] A sufferer of this phobia will experience immediate and intense anxiety when they are faced with crossing a bridge. Many exert the same symptoms. Let\u2019s take a closer look at what these are. [PAR] Turning Around [PAR] The easiest way to deal with their fear of bridges is to simply turn around and runaway from it. Gephyrophobia will always take the longer route around a bridge to avoid ever having to cross it. Typically when these sufferers are capable of turning around or escaping the thing they fear their anxiety will calm down. [PAR] Anxiety Attacks [PAR] When a Gephyrophobia sufferer cannot escape their fear they tend to go into a state of panic. For example, when there is no other way except across the bridge to get whether they need to be the sufferer will be overwhelmed with extreme anxiety. This anxiety can cause a full blow panic attack. [PAR] The Symptoms of A Panic Attack Include: [PAR] Nausea [PAR] Feeling An Impeding Sense of Doom or That They\u2019re Going To Die [PAR] Avoidance [PAR] The most common symptom that all Gephyrophobia exert is avoidance of their fear. They plan their lives and daily activities around avoiding bridges. Most sufferers don\u2019t even realize they are making these decisions because they have become regular practice in their lives. [PAR] A few examples of these might help you better identify the things you personally due to avoid your fear. When planning trips or vacations you will route the way you get there around bridges, and you will typically avoid vacationing spots that require you to cross a bridge to get there. In your daily life you may take a route that takes twenty minutes longer just to avoid going across a bridge. [PAR] This can even affect your lifestyle decisions. You may turn down a job you really want because it\u2019s on the other side of town that you know the only way there is by crossing a bridge. [PAR] Causes [PAR] Gephyrophobia, just as many other phobias that people tend to develop throughout their lives, is the result of the sufferers life experiences. These experiences fall into three different categories that cause their phobia. Let\u2019s take a look at each type. [PAR] Traumatic Event [PAR] This is one of the more common reasons that people develop phobias. This involves having endured a traumatic event in your past, typically in childhood, that sticks with you into adulthood. You tend to associate the traumatic event with danger. [PAR] For example, you were in a car accident on a bridge. Now every time you are faced with crossing a bridge you relive the traumatic experience of the accident. Your brain associates the bridge with a dangerous places. [PAR] Observational Experience [PAR] This is when the sufferer doesn\u2019t endure the traumatic event themselves, but rather witness someone else experience the event. The sufferer witnessed the danger that the other person endured during the event and now associates that event with danger. [PAR] For example, someone you know got into a car accident on a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judaism 101: Hebrew Alphabet Judaism 101: Hebrew Alphabet [PAR] Hebrew Alphabet [PAR] \u0095 Hebrew uses a different alphabet than English [PAR] \u0095 Hebrew is written right-to-left [PAR] \u0095 The Hebrew alphabet has no vowels, but pronunciation aids are often added [PAR] \u0095 There are several styles of Hebrew writing [PAR] \u0095 Hebrew letters have numerical values [PAR] \u0095 Writing in Hebrew may require a special word processor and fonts [PAR] The Hebrew and Yiddish languages use a different alphabet than English. The picture below illustrates the Hebrew alphabet, in Hebrew alphabetical order. Note that Hebrew is written from right to left, rather than left to right as in English, so Alef is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet and Tav is the last. The Hebrew alphabet is often called the \"alefbet,\" because of its first two letters. [PAR] Letters of the Alefbet [PAR] Table 1: The Hebrew Alphabet [PAR] If this sounds like Greek to you, you're not far off! Many letters in the Greek alphabet have similar names and occur in the same order (though they don't look anything alike!): Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta ... Zeta ... Theta, Iota, Kappa, Lambda, Mu, Nu ... Pi ... Rho, Sigma Tau. [PAR] The \"Kh\" and the \"Ch\" are pronounced as in German or Scottish, a throat clearing noise, not as the \"ch\" in \"chair.\" [PAR] Note that there are two versions of some letters. Kaf, Mem, Nun, Pei and Tzadei all are written differently when they appear at the end of a word than when they appear in the beginning or middle of the word. The version used at the end of a word is referred to as Final Kaf, Final Mem, etc. The version of the letter on the left is the final version. In all cases except Final Mem, the final version has a long tail. [PAR] See and hear the letters in a quick reading of the letters or a more in-depth introduction ! [PAR] Vowels and Points [PAR] Like most early Semitic alphabetic writing systems, the alefbet has no vowels. People who are fluent in the language do not need vowels to read Hebrew, and most things written in Hebrew in Israel are written without vowels. [PAR] However, as Hebrew literacy declined, particularly after the Romans expelled the Jews from Israel, the rabbis recognized the need for aids to pronunciation, so they developed a system of dots and dashes called nikkud (points). These dots and dashes are written above, below or inside the letter, in ways that do not alter the spacing of the line. Text containing these markings is referred to as \"pointed\" text. [PAR] Table 2: Vowel Points [PAR] Table 2: Vowel Points [PAR] Most nikkud are used to indicate vowels. Table 2 illustrates the vowel points, along with their pronunciations. Pronunciations are approximate; I have heard quite a bit of variation in vowel pronunciation. [PAR] Vowel points are shown in blue. The letter Alef, shown in red, is used to illustrate the position of the points relative to the consonants. The letters shown in purple are technically consonants and would appear in unpointed texts, but they function as vowels in this context. [PAR] There are a few other nikkud, illustrated in Table 3. [PAR] Table 3: Other Nikkud [PAR] The dot that appears in the center of some letters is called a dagesh. It can appear in just about any letter in Hebrew. With most letters, the dagesh does not significantly affect pronunciation of the letter; it simply marks a split between syllables, where the letter is pronounced both at the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Alan Sugar, Autobiography, What You See Is What You Get ... Alan Sugar, Autobiography, What You See Is What You Get, Amscreen Travel network - YouTube [PAR] Alan Sugar, Autobiography, What You See Is What You Get, Amscreen Travel network [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on May 23, 2011 [PAR] Alan Sugar, Autobiography, What You See Is What You Get, [PAR] Amscreen Travel network. [PAR] The number one bestseller, Alan Sugar 'What You See Is What You Get' documents his amazing journey which led him to be a successful businessman, out now in paperback. [PAR] Category"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dai Greene frustrated British athletics' ''golden era'' is ... Dai Greene frustrated British athletics' ''golden era'' is being overshadowed by 'Team Farah' doping saga - Mirror Online [PAR] Sport [PAR] Dai Greene frustrated British athletics' ''golden era'' is being overshadowed by 'Team Farah' doping saga [PAR] Sprinter Adam Gemili and other young stars are losing column inches to allegations levelled at Olympic hero's coach Alberto Salazar [PAR] Share [PAR] Hurdles to overcome: Greene wants sport to be viewed as clean (Photo: Alexander Hassenstein) [PAR] Share [PAR] Get daily updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Dai Greene has voiced his frustration that a \u2018golden era\u2019 of British athletics is being completely overshadowed by doping allegations in the sport. [PAR] The past fortnight has seen Adam Gemili, 21 , become the first British athlete in history to go sub-10 AND sub-20 in the two sprint distances. [PAR] Dina Asher-Smith has run the second fastest 200m ever by a British female \u2013 fresh from smashing the seven-year-old British 100m record and all at the age of 19. [PAR] Laura Muir, 22, has shocked the track world by running away from a top-class field to win the 1500m at the prestigious Bislett Games. [PAR] And Olympic long jump champion Greg Rutherford has won successive Diamond League meets \u2013 in so doing producing the second furthest leap ever by a Briton. [PAR] Yet the news agenda has been monopolised by explosive doping claims made against Mo Farah \u2019s coach Alberto Salazar and training partner Galen Rupp. [PAR] Headliners: Rupp (left), Salazar (centre) and Farah at London 2012 (Photo: PA Wire) [PAR] On the day Gemili clocked 9.97secs at the Birmingham Grand Prix , where Asher-Smith ran 22.30 in the 200, the lead story was Farah pulling out of the event. [PAR] Given that the double Olympic and world champion is Britain\u2019s greatest ever athlete, in championship medal terms at least, the coverage is wholly justified. [PAR] The ramifications were Salazar to be found guilty would be seismic.As one of the few current British athletes to speak out against drugs cheats, hurdler Greene understands that as well as anyone. [PAR] But it does not lessen the sadness felt by the former 400m hurdles world champion at his sport\u2019s image problem 66 days out from the World Championships and 417 days before the Rio Olympics. [PAR] Dash it! Adam Gemili's sprint success was overshadowed by Salazar row (Photo: PA Wire) [PAR] \u201cThere are so many good things happening at the moment but they\u2019re largely going unnoticed,\u201d said the Welshman. \u201cIt certainly has been depressing if you\u2019ve just read what has been written about. [PAR] \u201cThe really sad thing is this is probably a golden era in terms of the talent on the British team and the performances being produced. [PAR] \u201cWhether it\u2019s Adam, Dina, Laura or Greg [and] Katarina (Johnson-Thompson) going so well in the multi-events while Jess (Ennis-Hill) is coming back after being away for so long. Their head-to-head should be fantastic later in the year. [PAR] \u201cBut people at home won\u2019t really know too much about all that. They\u2019ve probably read more about the banned athletes (Justin Gatlin and Tyson Gay) who are producing good performances again in the short sprints.\u201d [PAR] From dope bans to medal hopes: Gatlin (right) and Gay (left) (Photo: Getty) [PAR] This is a huge issue for UK Athletics and explains why they are now taking the Salazar Affair so seriously. The swirl of negativity is hitting the sport at the turnstiles."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dire Straits\u2019 \u2018Money For Nothing\u2019 Canadian Radio Ban Lifted Dire Straits\u2019 \u2018Money For Nothing\u2019 Canadian Radio Ban Lifted [PAR] Dire Straits\u2019 \u2018Money For Nothing\u2019 Canadian Radio Ban Lifted [PAR] By Amy Sciarretto September 2, 2011 11:20 AM [PAR] REDDIT [PAR] Dave Hogan, Hulton Archive / Getty Images [PAR] The Canadian Broadcast Standards Council (CBSC) announced that the eight-month ban on Dire Straits \u2019 \u2018Money For Nothing\u2019 has been lifted! The song was yanked from national playlists on radio stations in Canada in January after a listener complained about the usage of the word \u201cfaggot\u201d when said listener heard the song on CHOZ-FM in Newfoundland. Now, broadcasters can return to playing the song at will. [PAR] \u2018Money For Nothing\u2019 was a hit for the band in 1985, and has enjoyed recurring status on the airwaves, but once the complaint was lodged, it was immediately deemed a breach of the Human Rights Clauses of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters\u2019 (CAB) Code of Ethics and Equitable Portrayal Code. Much of the public didn\u2019t quite agree with that labeling of the song and supported efforts to get it back on the air. [PAR] Veteran radio broadcasters were also appalled by the decision. \u201cIt made us look silly in the eyes of the broadcast community around the world,\u201d writer/broadcaster Alan Cross, a 30-year veteran of the Canadian radio biz, told Rolling Stone . \u201cI talked to people from the US and the UK and they were like, \u2018What\u2019s wrong with you people? Don\u2019t you get it? It\u2019s a joke. It\u2019s a satire. You didn\u2019t understand the context?'\u201d [PAR] The decision to lift the band came about after the CBSC weighed what they called \u201cconsiderable additional information\u201d \u2013 such as learning that alternative versions of \u201cMoney For Nothing\u201d have existed since 1985, proving \u201cthe band and the composer considered that there was a less offensive way of presenting the song to the public long ago\u201d and the context in which the word is used demonstrates that \u201cthe composer\u2019s language appears not to have had an iota of malevolent or insulting intention.\u201d [PAR] In layman\u2019s terms, that means there were edited versions of the song created long before the Newfoundland listener made a fuss, indicating that Dire Straits were sensitive about the weight of the word. Station programmers have the choice to play the original or any of the alternates. [PAR] The CBSC is not admitting it was wrong in yanking the song, though. The organization (or organisation, in Canadian English) said that the Atlantic Regional Panel was \u201ccorrect in its view of the inappropriateness of the word\u201d for broadcast on Canadian airwaves. [PAR] Cross addressed the CBSC\u2019s comments, saying, \u201cWhen it comes to things like foul language and discriminatory language, it\u2019s really tough for the CBSC to rule in any direction but for the plaintiff.\u201d [PAR] \u201cEvery single incident is taken as an isolated case,\u201d Cross reasoned. \u201cSo what happens when somebody complains about the Tragically Hip\u2019s \u2018At The Hundredth Meridian\u2019 with the F-bomb in it? What if somebody complains about the Who from 1978, \u2018Who Are You\u2019 with \u2018Who the f\u2014 are you\u2019 in it? Under the rules, the CBSC would have to rule those songs unplayable on Canadian airwaves because of language.\u201d [PAR] Talk about a possible snowball effect![DOC] [TLE] The News Matrix: Saturday 3 September 2011 | matrix | i ... The News Matrix: Saturday 3 September 2011 | The Independent [PAR] The News Matrix: Saturday 3 September 2011 [PAR] Friday 2 September 2011 23:00 BST [PAR] Click to follow [PAR] The Independent Online [PAR] Brown challenges \u2018Sunday Times\u2019 [PAR] Gordon"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Harold Wilson - GOV.UK History of Harold Wilson - GOV.UK [PAR] GOV.UK [PAR] Harold Wilson Labour 1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970 [PAR] Born [PAR] 11 March 1916, Huddersfield, Yorkshire [PAR] Died [PAR] 1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970 [PAR] Political party [PAR] Labour [PAR] Major acts [PAR] Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965: suspended the death penalty in England, Wales and Scotland. [PAR] Sexual Offences Act 1967: decriminalisation of certain homosexual offences. [PAR] Interesting facts [PAR] In 1969 he was struck in the eye by a stink bomb thrown by a schoolboy. Wilson\u2019s response was \"with an arm like that he ought to be in the English cricket XI\u2033 [PAR] As Prime Minister Harold Wilson enacted social reforms in education, health, housing, gender equality, price controls, pensions, provisions for disabled people and child poverty. [PAR] Harold Wilson, the son of a chemist and teacher, was born in Yorkshire during the First World War. In 1924, aged 8, he visited 10 Downing Street, which would eventually become his home. [PAR] He studied Modern History for a year before transferring to Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Oxford University, graduating with a first class BA. [PAR] The Labour politician entered Parliament in 1945 as MP for Ormskirk and later becoming MP for Huyton. In 1947, then Prime Minister Clement Attlee made Wilson President of the Board of Trade. Aged 31, he had become the youngest member of the Cabinet in the 20th century. [PAR] Under Hugh Gaitskell\u2019s leadership of the Labour party, Wilson served as Shadow Chancellor from 1955 to 1961, then as Shadow Foreign Secretary from 1961 to 1963. After Gaitskell passed away suddenly, Wilson fought and won a leadership contest against George Brown and James Callaghan. As Labour leader, he won 4 of the 5 General Elections he contested, although this includes a minority government. [PAR] His first election victory on 15 October 1964 saw him win with a small majority of 4, which increased significantly to 98 after a second General Election on 31 March 1966. As Prime Minister from 1964 to 1970, his main plan was to modernise. He believed that he would be aided by the \u201cwhite heat of the technological revolution\u201d. His government supported backbench MPs in liberalising laws on censorship, divorce, abortion, and homosexuality, and he abolished capital punishment. Crucial steps were taken towards stopping discrimination against women and ethnic minorities, and Wilson\u2019s government also created the Open University. [PAR] In comparison, his outlook on foreign affairs was less modernising. He wanted to maintain Britain\u2019s world role by keeping the Commonwealth united and nurturing the Anglo-American alliance. For example, his approach to the Vietnam War saw him skilfully balance modernist ambitions with Anglo-American interests when, despite repeated American requests, he kept British troops out while still maintaining good relations. Wilson biographer Philip Ziegler characterises his role as \u201chonest broker\u201d. [PAR] However, he had to fundamentally reshape Britain\u2019s world role after inheriting an overstretched military and a \u00a3400 million balance of payments deficit, which caused successive sterling crises. To resolve these 2 interlinked problems, Wilson launched a Defence Review (1964 to 1965) and created the Department for Economic Affairs, which sought to implement an ambitious National Plan. [PAR] When sterling crises continued, Wilson was forced to devalue the pound in November 1967. Two months later, his government reluctantly announced Britain\u2019s gradual withdrawal from the strategically important East of Suez. Despite his initial hesitation, Wilson recognised the value of membership of the European Economic Community ( EEC ), but his 1967 application was unsuccessful. Believing his popularity had increased, Wilson called a"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Prizes Awarded at the Cannes Film Festival - Bright Hub Don't Miss the Many Categories Recognized at the Cannes Film Festival [PAR] Prizes Awarded at the Cannes Film Festival [PAR] written by: Aunindita\u2022edited by: Rhonda Callow \u2022updated: 3/20/2015 [PAR] If you are looking for traditional prizes awarded at the Cannes Film Festival then you will definitely be disappointed. The prizes given at the film festival are quite distinct. Check out the list of the top 14 awards here. [PAR] slide 1 of 14 [PAR] A prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival is a prize like no other. The Cannes Film Festival is considered as of the most prestigious [PAR] award festivals among the whole film industry. Started in 1946, this festival is organized every year in Cannes at the Resort town. There are several distinct prizes given out in the Cannes Film Festival. Unlike other prestigious film awards, this private festival has some very unique categories which they base their awards from and this makes them listed among the top film festivals . [PAR] slide 2 of 14 [PAR] Palme d\u2019Or [PAR] The most coveted prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival is the Palme d\u2019Or or the Golden Palm. This award is the equivalent of the best picture in other film awards and was first awarded in 1955. This high honors is given to the best film in the entire Cannes Film Festival. [PAR] slide 3 of 14 [PAR] Grand Prix [PAR] The Grand Prix prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival is considered to be the second best award of the event and is given to one of the competing feature films. The film is selected by a bench of jury members. [PAR] slide 4 of 14 [PAR] Jury Prize [PAR] The Prix du Jury or the Jury Prize is awarded for the Official Section of the event. The Official Section is organized into several sections as well. It is also considered the main award of the festival. The Competition includes 20 films selected by the jury of the festival that competes for the well-known award Palme d\u2019Or. The Un Certain Regard contains a bunch of films representing different cultures that are considered original. Out of the competition, however, are films shown in the festival that are not part of the main event\u2019s competition. [PAR] slide 5 of 14 [PAR] Short Film Award [PAR] Palme d\u2019Or du Court metrage or Short Film Palme d\u2019Or is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival for the short films shown during the festival. This is equivalent to the Palme d\u2019Or for short films. If there is more than one short film which should be awarded, the festival presents a jury prize or special mention in this section as well and thus considered the best film festival for respecting talent. [PAR] slide 6 of 14 [PAR] Best Actress Award [PAR] Unlike other award festivals, the Best Actress Award is not presented to a group of actresses that are part of the top movies of the year. The Best Actress Award is a prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival that is given to an actress in a film under the Official Section of the film festival. You can expect to have the award given to actresses that are not widely known to all. Since the Cannes Film Festival focuses more on the quality, storyline, production and the technical side of a film, you can find small film companies from different parts of the world invited. The award was first presented in 1946. [PAR] slide 7 of 14"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] early-onset glaucoma - Genetics Home Reference early-onset glaucoma - Genetics Home Reference [PAR] early-onset glaucoma [PAR] Description [PAR] Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders in which the optic nerves connecting the eyes and the brain are progressively damaged. This damage can lead to reduction in side (peripheral) vision and eventual blindness. Other signs and symptoms may include bulging eyes, excessive tearing, and abnormal sensitivity to light (photophobia). The term \"early-onset glaucoma\" may be used when the disorder appears before the age of 40. [PAR] In most people with glaucoma, the damage to the optic nerves is caused by increased pressure within the eyes (intraocular pressure). Intraocular pressure depends on a balance between fluid entering and leaving the eyes. [PAR] Usually glaucoma develops in older adults, in whom the risk of developing the disorder may be affected by a variety of medical conditions including high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes mellitus, as well as family history. The risk of early-onset glaucoma depends mainly on heredity. [PAR] Structural abnormalities that impede fluid drainage in the eye may be present at birth and usually become apparent during the first year of life. Such abnormalities may be part of a genetic disorder that affects many body systems, called a syndrome. If glaucoma appears before the age of 5 without other associated abnormalities, it is called primary congenital glaucoma. [PAR] Other individuals experience early onset of primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common adult form of glaucoma. If primary open-angle glaucoma develops during childhood or early adulthood, it is called juvenile open-angle glaucoma. [PAR] Frequency [PAR] Primary congenital glaucoma affects approximately 1 in 10,000 people. Its frequency is higher in the Middle East. Juvenile open-angle glaucoma affects about 1 in 50,000 people. Primary open-angle glaucoma is much more common after the age of 40, affecting about 1 percent of the population worldwide. [PAR] Related Information [PAR] Genetic Changes [PAR] Approximately 10 percent to 33 percent of people with juvenile open-angle glaucoma have mutations in the MYOC gene. MYOC gene mutations have also been detected in some people with primary congenital glaucoma. The MYOC gene provides instructions for producing a protein called myocilin. Myocilin is found in certain structures of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork and the ciliary body, that regulate the intraocular pressure. [PAR] Researchers believe that myocilin functions together with other proteins as part of a protein complex. Mutations may alter the protein in such a way that the complex cannot be formed. Defective myocilin that is not incorporated into functional complexes may accumulate in the trabecular meshwork and ciliary body. The excess protein may prevent sufficient flow of fluid from the eye, resulting in increased intraocular pressure and causing the signs and symptoms of early-onset glaucoma. [PAR] Between 20 percent and 40 percent of people with primary congenital glaucoma have mutations in the CYP1B1 gene. CYP1B1 gene mutations have also been detected in some people with juvenile open-angle glaucoma. The CYP1B1 gene provides instructions for producing a form of the cytochrome P450 protein. Like myocilin, this protein is found in the trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, and other structures of the eye. [PAR] It is not well understood how defects in the CYP1B1 protein cause signs and symptoms of glaucoma. Recent studies suggest that the defects may interfere with the early development of the trabecular meshwork. In the clear covering of the eye (the cornea ), the CYP1B1 protein may also be involved in a process that regulates the secretion of fluid inside the eye. If this fluid is produced in excess, the high intraocular pressure characteristic of glaucoma may develop."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hirudin/Leeches Salivary Secretion | Tinnitus Talk Support ... Hirudin/Leeches Salivary Secretion | Tinnitus Talk Support Forum [PAR] http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.a...ssue=2;spage=127;epage=137;aulast=Abdualkader [PAR] Hirudin is a naturally occurring peptide in the salivary glands of medicinal leeches that has a blood anticoagulant property [PAR] It was reported that leeches and their salivary secretion were successfully used for the treatment of tinnitus, acute and chronic otitis [95] . Leeching has been applied in sudden hearing loss. In such cases, the therapist used just two leeches; one behind the ear and the other one over the jaw in front of the ear, and the treatment was repeated 2-3 times at intervals of 3-4 days. Despite the unexplained reasons of tinnitus, leeches were proven to be of great benefits in the treatment of this disorder [PAR] [PAR] Cause of Tinnitus: [PAR] Unknown [PAR] Hi Eddylee, I did hear a positive story about treatment of Multiple sclerosis (first hand) with leeches but not yet one for Tinnitus. [PAR] The info you mention comes from: [PAR] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3757849/ [PAR] Hematophagous animals including leeches have been known to possess biologically active compounds in their secretions, especially in their saliva. The blood-sucking annelids, leeches have been used for therapeutic purposes since the beginning of civilization. Ancient Egyptian, Indian, Greek and Arab physicians used leeches for a wide range of diseases starting from the conventional use for bleeding to systemic ailments, such as skin diseases, nervous system abnormalities, urinary and reproductive system problems, inflammation, and dental problems. Recently, extensive researches on leech saliva unveiled the presence of a variety of bioactive peptides and proteins involving antithrombin (hirudin, bufrudin), antiplatelet (calin, saratin), factor Xa inhibitors (lefaxin), antibacterial (theromacin, theromyzin) and others. Consequently, leech has made a comeback as a new remedy for many chronic and life-threatening abnormalities, such as cardiovascular problems, cancer, metastasis, and infectious diseases. In the 20thcentury, leech therapy has established itself in plastic and microsurgery as a protective tool against venous congestion and served to salvage the replanted digits and flaps. Despite the efficacious properties of leech therapy, the safety, and complications of leeching are still controversial. [PAR] Then the information you mention: [PAR] Audiology and ear abnormalities: [PAR] It was reported that leeches and their salivary secretion were successfully used for the treatment of tinnitus, acute and chronic otitis[ 95 ]. Leeching has been applied in sudden hearing loss. In such cases, the therapist used just two leeches; one behind the ear and the other one over the jaw in front of the ear, and the treatment was repeated 2-3 times at intervals of 3-4 days. Despite the unexplained reasons of tinnitus, leeches were proven to be of great benefits in the treatment of this disorder[ 17 ]. [PAR] See also: 17. Michalsen A, Roth M, Dobos G, Aurich M. Stattgurt, Germany: Apple Wemding; 2007. Medicinal Leech Therapy. [ Ref list ] [PAR] And here another medical report: https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/278932 [PAR] Abstract [PAR] Medicpal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) and the native secretion of their sali-vary glands diluted with saline (5 times) were successfully used for the treatment of some ear diseases: tinnitus caused by inner-ear affections, acute external otitis and chronic Otitis media. The effect of diluted leech saliva injected into the region of the mastoid process by microelectrophoresis was 25-30% lower than that of the medicinal leeches. [PAR] Somehow I'm too scared to try a treatment with leeches yet, though from what I heard the treatment is not painful. [PAR] And they breed the medicinal leeches in e.g. Germany in special centers. [PAR] Anyway if I would hear about some succes stories here be sure that it would help with"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] AJ Bell Stadium: Salford City Stadium renamed in sponsor ... AJ Bell Stadium: Salford City Stadium renamed in sponsor deal - BBC Sport [PAR] BBC Sport [PAR] AJ Bell Stadium: Salford City Stadium renamed in sponsor deal [PAR] 13 Sep 2013 [PAR] From the section Rugby Union [PAR] Share this page [PAR] The Salford City Stadium, home of Salford Red Devils and Sale Sharks, is to be renamed 'The AJ Bell Stadium' as part of a new sponsorship deal. [PAR] The Sharks purchased naming rights to the stadium [PAR] Andrew Lamb, Sale's head of commercial sales, told BBC Radio Manchester: \"It's a nine-year term and the first stadium naming rights deal in our history. [PAR] \"It's a good term for the club and for the region.\" [PAR] He added: \"It's an injection of investment into the club and a business to add to our great portfolio of partners, and I'm sure AJ Bell [a Manchester-based investment firm] will benefit from the location of the stadium right next to the M60.\" [PAR] A happy home? [PAR] Since moving into the Salford City Stadium in 2012, Salford have won nine of their 25 home league fixtures, while Sale Sharks have won six of their 11 home league games. [PAR] Super League side Salford have been based at the ground since it was opened at the start of the 2012 Super League season, while Sale, who play in rugby union's Premiership, began staging their home games there in September of that year. [PAR] Soon after completing his takeover in January, Red Devils owner Dr Marwan Koukash stated that he which is co-owned by Salford City Council and property investment firm Peel Holdings. [PAR] And he recently revealed plans to develop the area around the venue to incorporate a water park, hotel, casino and sports bars. [PAR] The stadium, which has a capacity of around 12,000, cost an estimated \u00a326m to construct and has already staged international matches in both football and rugby league. [PAR] at Salford in June last year, while was also played at the ground later that year. [PAR] Steve McNamara's side will also play their on 19 October. [PAR] Share this page[DOC] [TLE] Salford AJ Bell Stadium: Rush to buy land surrounding ... Salford AJ Bell Stadium: Rush to buy land surrounding stadium - Manchester Evening News [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] Developers are queuing up to get their hands on land surrounding Salford\u2019s rugby stadium - which will help the council recoup a \u00a322m loan it took out to build it. [PAR] The 42 acres surrounding the AJ Bell Stadium at Barton is attracting major interest and one plot has already been sold for about \u00a31m for a pub and restaurant. Others are being eyed-up for a hotel and car showrooms. [PAR] It is estimated the current value of all the land is about \u00a325m. [PAR] Cash raised from the sale of the land will enable Salford council to repay an outstanding \u00a322.97m it borrowed to pay for the construction of the stadium, home to Salford Red Devils and Sale Sharks . It was erected under a 50/50 partnership between the council and Peel Holdings. [PAR] Developers are keen to buy the land around AJ Bell Stadium [PAR] [PAR] The council borrowed the cash as it was able to get more competitive rates than Peel. The first piece of land has been sold to Greene King for the development of the pub and restaurant. [PAR] Deputy city mayor, Coun David Lancaster said: \u201cWe estimate that the pub should"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Top Ten Wild Predators - TheTopTens\u00ae Top Ten Wild Predators - TheTopTens\u00ae [PAR] Top Ten Wild Predators [PAR] funckygarcon They can attack from anywhere, on the ground, in the air and even under the water, let's see who is the best hunter and the most feared one? [PAR] The Top Ten [PAR] 1 Killer Whale [PAR] The killer whale or orca is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member. [PAR] As the name suggests, the killer whale is a deadly predator, combining remarkable skill with awesome physical power. Orcas have a number of ingenious techniques in their hunting arsenal, giving them one of the most diverse diets of all aquatic predators. For example, they are fond of knocking seals and penguins from ice floes in order to seize them as they fall into the water. They have also been known to intentionally beach themselves in order to reach seals onshore. Highly social animals, killer whales tend to live in pods made up of dozens of individuals working cooperatively to snag prey. Some have even been known to successfully prey on great white sharks. - funckygarcon [PAR] Currently the ultimate predator of the oceans, which is saying it is the terror of 70% of the world's oceans. With size (being able to reach almost 9 metres long), speed (able to swim faster than any other whale/dolphin in short bursts), teamwork (almost always hunting in a pack, no matter the prey item) and ingenuity (able to pick baby seals off the beach/ice floes and beating great whites due to their knowledge of tonic immobility, which means flipping the shark upside down, rendering it immobile) on their side, the orca is able to take on almost anything within its range. Definitely the no. 1 predator living today [PAR] The apex predator of the world (besides us) [PAR] Honestly, the killer whale is so impressive, it has been known to hunt the Blue Whale. [PAR] No I don't know about you, but preying on the biggest animal that ever lived is remarkable. Put it like this, that would be like the great white shark preying upon the Sperm Whale etc [PAR] Nothing preys on the orca and it is the perfect killing machine with strength, speed and intelligence. [PAR] Killer whales have also been known to kill great whites so I don't know how people think they're the apex predator of the world. In my opinion, bull sharks are more impressive than the great white. [PAR] Killer whales lose to Polar bears because polar bears have been known to eat killer whales. [PAR] V 46 Comments [PAR] 2 Siberian Tiger [PAR] The Siberian tiger, also known as the Amur tiger, is a tiger subspecies inhabiting mainly the Sikhote Alin mountain region with a small population in southwest Primorye Province in the Russian Far East. [PAR] Agile, strong, clever and fast, this animal has everything, no animal on Earth can top it, it's hard to compare am orca to a Siberian tiger as they are completely different but I would say tigers have a lot more attributes than orcas, with their incredible eye sight, power and the ability to evade and even climb trees. They are solitary hunters as they need no help when taking down their prey unlike orcas who hunt I'm groups. Also it is known that before humans had guns, they were at the top of the worlds food chain! Definitely number 1. [PAR] When you see a Siberian tiger, you can just see how much strength that animals holds. [PAR]"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All Lamborghini Models Ever Made Since 1964 Until Today ... All Lamborghini Models Ever Made Since 1964 Until Today - YouTube [PAR] All Lamborghini Models Ever Made Since 1964 Until Today [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 9, 2015 [PAR] Hi Guys. We prepared a new video for you about Lamborghini brand. This video includes all Lamborghini models and their release years."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) - IMDb The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] The Spy Who Loved Me ( 1977 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $10.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 03 Oct 2011 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 25 Oct 2014 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 Jun 2015 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 11 months ago [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 4 months ago [PAR] Title: The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) [PAR] 7.1/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 2 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] A fake Faberg\u00e9 egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. [PAR] Director: Guy Hamilton [PAR] Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. [PAR] Director: Lewis Gilbert [PAR] An investigation of a horse-racing scam leads 007 to a mad industrialist who plans to create a worldwide microchip monopoly by destroying California's Silicon Valley. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. [PAR] Director: Terence Young [PAR] James Bond woos a mob boss's daughter and goes undercover to uncover the true reason for Blofeld's allergy research in the Swiss Alps that involves beautiful women from around the world. [PAR] Director: Peter R. Hunt [PAR] James Bond is living on the edge to stop an evil arms dealer from starting another world war. Bond crosses all seven continents in order to stop the evil Whitaker and General Koskov. [PAR] Director: John Glen [PAR] James Bond goes rogue and sets off to unleash vengeance on a drug lord who tortured his best friend, a C.I.A. agent, and left him for dead and murdered his bride after he helped capture him."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Potbank Dictionary defines words that were common in the ... Potbank Dictionary defines words that were common in the pottery industry. : S [PAR] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5jYFzUBRHw [PAR] SAGGAR MAKING Click here for a PDF file. A very readable and detailed study of the craft of saggar making by Paul Nicholson. 2011. \u201cI\u2019M NOT THE SAGGAR-MAKER, I\u2019M THE SAGGAR-MAKER\u2019S MATE\u2026\u201d SAGGAR MAKING AND BOTTOM KNOCKING IN STOKE-ON-TRENT AS A GUIDE TO EARLY SAGGAR TECHNOLOGY by Paul T. NICHOLSON [PAR] SAGGAR MARL Type of clay. Coarse grey coloured fireclay found along with coal measures in North Staffordshire. Mixed with grog to add strength. More grog was mixed into the clay used for the bottom clay of the saggar than the side clay, as the bottom needed to be stronger. The proportion of clay to grog varied. [PAR] SAGGAR SHOP and SAGGAR HOUSE \"There were in excess of 150 different processes in the making of a piece of pottery. Each person who handled each pot on its journey through the potbank had a title to go with the job that they did, Experienced people worked in shops i.e. cup shop, flat shop, casting shop, decorating shop. Not so experienced people worked in houses. Biscuit warehouse, Dipping house, Glost warehouse. Packing house and to confuse things a bit there was the Sagger shop and a Sagger House the two must never be mixed up. Again in the shop, the saggers were made, and in the house they were used.\" Many thanks go to Alan Hopwood for this description. March 2016 [PAR] SAGGAR - end of life. Once a saggar has come to the end of its useful life and can no longer be used to contain ware during firing it has to be scrapped. Some end up in local gardens and are used to construct walling ... [PAR] SALT Material. Sodium chloride. Used during the firing process for salt glazing. [PAR] SALT FIRING Salt (sodium chloride) is introduced into kiln firebox at high temperature. The salt vaporizes and sodium vapour combines with silica in clay surface forming extremely hard sodium-silicate glaze. [PAR] SALT GLAZE and SALT GLAZING Type of glaze and its process. Transparent and very hard glaze produced by throwing common salt (NaCl) onto the flames in the firing oven at its maximum temperatre (about 1320\u00b0C) during firing. When the salt vaporises to reactive sodium (Na) a chemical reaction takes place between the salt fumes and the silica in the clay pots, creating a glossy surface coating (glaze) onto the ware. The technique gives dramatic surface textures characteristic of salt-glazing - coarse orange peel or subtle lustre. [PAR] ALSO [PAR] A glazing process carried out in the kiln. The ware is fired up to 1100\u00b0C \u20111200\u00b0C and salt is then thrown/poured on the fire, where it volatilises. The salt vapours settle on the wares in the kiln and react with the clay to form a sodium aluminosilicate glaze, which is acid and pollution resistant. In the past it was mainly used for sewer pipes and chimney pots but occasionally for tiles and architectural ceramics. [PAR] Errington Reay, the last family run pottery licensed to produce salt glazed pottery in the UK. [PAR] At Bardon Mill, near Hexham, North East England. [PAR] back to top > [PAR] SALT GLAZED STONEWARE Stoneware pottery with a glaze of glossy, translucent and slightly orange-peel-like texture formed by throwing salt into the kiln during the higher temperature part of the firing process. Sodium from the salt reacts with silica in the clay body to form a glassy coating of sodium silicate. The glaze may be colourless or"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cowal Highland Games of Scotland - CruiseGourmet Magazine Cowal Highland Games of Scotland - CruiseGourmet Magazine [PAR] Home \u00bb Feature Story \u00bb Cowal Highland Games of Scotland [PAR] Cowal Highland Games of Scotland [PAR] pinterest [PAR] Do you want to witness of the largest most amazing Highland games in the world? Head out to the Cowal Highland Gathering in Dunoon, Scotland. You will not be alone as you join the other 23,000 people who are all excited to experience the intense demonstration of traditional Scottish strength and athleticism. I doesn\u2019t hurt that the games are set in a gorgeous Highland location. [PAR] At the annual Cowal Highland Games, you will able to see the best of the best battle it out in various sports events such as heavy athletics and traditional Scottish backhold wrestling. Heavy athletics involve several unique sports events such as caber tossing, Cowal Stone shot-putting and Scottish hammer throwing. The brawny athletes are really competitive and never fail to thrill the joyful crowd. The most unique thing about seeing these sports is that the men participating are wearing that iconic Scottish skirts (the kilt). [PAR] But the Highland Games are not only about watching sports as there are other events that display the richness of Scottish Highland and Celtic heritage, making the Games exude a truly distinct atmosphere. There will be grand pipe bands and a strong presence of Ceilidh music at the event. In fact, the Cowal Games is where the world\u2019s best pipe bands compete to win the coveted Cowal Pipe Band Championship, first held in the early 20th century. [PAR] To maximize your experience at the Cowal Games, stay until the end of the Pipe Band Championship, when more than 130 pipe bands gather and play a salute the Chieftain. The bands that are made up of about 3000 drummers and pipers will play \u201cHighland Laddie\u201d in unison, and will march through town. This amazing gathering is the largest of its kind in Europe, and is a highlight not to be missed at the Games. [PAR] If the pipe playing is not enough, you can also watch other crowd pleasers such as the Drum Major Challenge, which features adult and junior drum majors showing off their impressive skills; and the Scottish and World Highland Dancing Championship. The Cowal Games will also offer entertainment for the kids and a fun run, making the event a highly suitable destination for families. [PAR] Don\u2019t worry about being hungry while watching the spectacles unfolding around you. The Cowal Highland Gathering features a food court that offers a wide variety of local and international cuisine. There will also be food vendors catering stalls all around the main stadium. The organizers will also set up a refreshment tents. One of them is the Patron\u2019s tent, which does not only provide great food but also fantastic views of the arena and the games. The tent is only open for sponsors and patrons. However, it is possible to acquire the patron status at a reasonable rate. [PAR] Usually held the last week of August, the Cowal Highland Gathering is performed at the Scottish town of Dunoon, which is easily accessible from Glasgow via public transport. You can drive to the town following the scenic route called A82. There are regular bus as well as train services that leave Glasgow Central to Gourock ferry terminal. From here, you can take the ferry to Dunoon. [PAR] Post navigation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lower Lake, CA - Lower Lake, California Map & Directions ... Lower Lake, CA - Lower Lake, California Map & Directions - MapQuest [PAR] {{::location.tagLine.value.text}} [PAR] Sponsored Topics [PAR] Lower Lake (formerly, Grantville) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, California, USA. Lower Lake is located 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of Kelseyville, at an elevation of 1371 feet (418 m). The population was 1,294 at the 2010 census, down from 1,755 at the 2000 census. [PAR] According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km\u00b2), of which, 99.08% is land and 0.92% is water. [PAR] At the 2000 census, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 7.9 square miles (20.5 km\u00b2), of which, 7.9 square miles (20.4 km\u00b2) of it was land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km\u00b2) of it (0.88%) was water."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) | Plants & Fungi At Kew Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) | Plants & Fungi At Kew [PAR] Discover plants and fungi [PAR] Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) [PAR] Bread wheat is more widely cultivated than any other crop, and world trade is of greater monetary value than all other cereals combined. [PAR] Triticum aestivum 'Florence Aurore' on a test plot in Lebanon [PAR] Species information [PAR] bread wheat, common bread wheat, spring wheat, ordinary wheat, common wheat, field wheat [PAR] Conservation status: [PAR] Unknown in the wild; cultivated from the near-Arctic to the tropics. [PAR] Key Uses: [PAR] Food, drink, textiles, building materials. [PAR] Known hazards: [PAR] Wheat gluten allergy is a condition caused by an adverse immune system reaction to gliadin, a gluten protein found in wheat. [PAR] Taxonomy [PAR] Genus: Triticum [PAR] About this species [PAR] Bread wheat is one of the world\u2019s three main cereal crops, along with rice and maize. The generic name Triticum derives from the Latin for threshing or bruising, and the specific epithet aestivum is from the Latin for summer. [PAR] Triticum aestivum is a cultigen (a plant that has been altered by humans through a process of selective breeding) and as such is only known in cultivation. First domesticated at least 9,000 years ago, its origins have been the subject of intensive botanical and genetic research. [PAR] It is a member of the grass family (Poaceae), which includes cereals such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays) and oat (Avena sativa), and ornamentals such as pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana) and bamboos. [PAR] Synonym: [PAR] Triticum sativum Lam., Triticum vulgare Vill., Triticum cereale Schrank, Triticum aristatum Sch\u00fcbl. (for a full list refer to the World Checklist) [PAR] Genus: [PAR] Discover more [PAR] Cultivars of bread wheat [PAR] There are about 5,000 cultivars of bread wheat in current use. Historically, about 35,000 cultivars have been developed, but the vast majority of these are no longer cultivated on a commercial scale. [PAR] A modern cultivar of bread wheat growing near Buttinge, the Netherlands [PAR] In order to determine whether a particular form of bread wheat differs enough from existing cultivars to be named as a new one, the \u2018DUS test\u2019 is applied. They must be Distinct (in morphology), Uniform (the whole field must look the same) and Stable (subsequent years of cultivation must produce similarly looking plants). [PAR] Names relating to particular cultivars include bukshee wheat, lammas wheat, Talavela wheat, velvety awned wheat, and many others. [PAR] Geography and distribution [PAR] Bread wheat is the result of a cross between a wild goatgrass, Aegilops tauschii, and a cultivated wheat, probably macaroni wheat (Triticum durum). Genetics suggests this cross took place in the Caspian region of Iran; archaeology suggests that this took place about 9,000 years ago. [PAR] The closely related spelt wheat (T. spelta), in which the grains are enclosed by a tight husk, originated in central Europe much more recently, about 5,000 years ago, from a cross between cultivated bread wheat and emmer wheat (T. dicoccum). Spelt wheat is often incorrectly described as a biblical wheat, but it was never grown in the ancient Near East. [PAR] Bread wheat is cultivated in every continent except Antarctica. It is grown at a wide elevational range from 260 m below sea level in the Jordan Valley up to 4,000 m on the Tibetan plateau. Although it is possible to grow bread wheat in a wide variety of soil types and climates, it is generally more successful in dry to sub-humid areas with a seasonal annual rainfall of 250\u2013750 mm. [PAR] It"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 11 Famous Pakistanis who Married Foreigners | Pakistan Hotline 11 Famous Pakistanis who Married Foreigners ~ Pakistan Hotline [PAR] Actress Wedding Photos , Celebrities , Famous Pakistanis , Imran Khan , Most Popular Pakistanis , News , Trending , Wasim Akram , Wedding Photos , Wedding Photos of Players [PAR] 11 Famous Pakistanis who Married Foreigners [PAR] Here are some famous Pakistanis who married foreigners. These famous Pakistanis includes mostly Cricketers and Showbiz celebrities. However some poets, singers and politicians also got married with foreigners. So let\u2019s have a look at these Pakistanis and their foreign love mates. [PAR] Imran Khan [PAR] Imran Khan and Reham Khan [PAR] Reham Khan is a British Pakistani journalist. She was born to Dr. Nayyar Ramzan, a physician. She is an ethnic Pashtun hails from Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Her parents moved to Libya in the late 1960s, where Reham was born in 1973. Reham has three kids from her first marriage. Cricketer and politician, PTI Chairman Imran Khan tied knot with Reham Khan in 2015. [PAR] Imran Khan and Reham Khan [PAR] Imran Khan and Jemima Khan [PAR] In 1995, Imran Khan married Jemima Goldsmith, daughter of a UK billionaire businessman. Jemima converted to Islam. The couple has two sons, Sulaiman Isa and Kasim. The couple got divorced in 2004. [PAR] Imran Khan and Jemima Khan [PAR] Wasim Akram and Shaniera [PAR] The famous Pakistani cricketer Wasim Akram married the second time with Shaniera Akram in 2013. She belongs to Melbourne, Australia. [PAR] Wasim Akram and Shaniera [PAR] Mohsin Khan and Reena Roy [PAR] Another Pakistani legend cricketer Mohsin Khan married Indian actress Reena Roy. In 1983, at the height of her fame, Reena Roy decided to quit the film industry to marry Pakistani cricketer Mohsin Khan. The couple later divorced. [PAR] Mohsin Khan and Reena Roy [PAR] Shoaib Malik and Sania Mirza [PAR] This most famous couple also belongs to two different countries. Shoaib is a Pakistani cricketer while Sania is an Indian tennis player. They married in 2010. [PAR] Shoaib Malik and Sania Mirza [PAR] Sonia Jahan and Vivek Narain [PAR] Sonya Jehan is a Pakistani actress of French descent, who appears in Indian films. The grand daughter of melody queen Noor Jehan, Sonia Jahan married to an Indian Banker Vivek Narain in 2012. [PAR] Sonya Jehan and Vivek [PAR] Mathira and Fathan Rizvi [PAR] The controversial and scandalous Pakistani actress and singer Mathira was born in Zimbave to an African father and Pakistani mother. Her family moved to Pakistan when she was 13. Mathira married to a rich guy of Dubai, Fathan Rizvi in 2012. In 2014 she gave birth to a son. [PAR] Mathira and Fathan Rizvi [PAR] Noor and Vikram [PAR] Pakistani actress and host Noor was married to a dubai based Hindu man Vikram in early 2008. In April of that year, she moved back to Lahore and filed for divorce shortly afterwards. And now the couple has parted ways (Divorced). [PAR] Noor and Vikram [PAR] Zainab Aitzaz and Even Johnson [PAR] Zainab Aitzaz is the daughter of barrister and politician Aitzaz Ahsan. Zainab\u2019s husband is a Norwegian guy. The Nikkah ceremony of Zainab Aitzaz and Even Johnson was held in Lahore. Zainab Aitzaz\u2019s husband Even Johnson recently converted to Islam. The Nikkah ceremony was held according to the Islamic Shariah Law. [PAR] Zainab Aitzaz and Even Johnson [PAR] Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Alys Faiz [PAR] In 1941, Faiz became affectionate with Alys Faiz, a British national and a member of Communist Party of the United Kingdom, who was a student at the Government College University"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who Composed The Marriage Of Figaro - Want to Know it Who Composed The Marriage Of Figaro [PAR] Who Composed The Marriage Of Figaro [PAR] 14 Aug, 2011 who composed [PAR] 0 [PAR] The Marriage Of Figaro is a well known comic opera. It is based on a play written by Pierre Beaumarchais in 1784, which was originally banned in Vienna because of its controversial content. The play is now recognized as a key feature of the French Revolution. In fact, Napoleon Bonaparte called it \u201ca revolution in action.\u201d This controversy helped to make the opera a runaway success. To find out who composed this famous and controversial opera, continue reading to find out. [PAR] Who composed The Marriage Of Figaro? [PAR] The Marriage Of Figaro was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, best known simply as Mozart, in 1786. He completed the work quickly, but although there are reports he wrote it in only 6 weeks the evidence for this has not been found. The Italian text written for the opera was written by Lorenzo Da Ponte. It opened in Vienna in 1786 and due to the subject of this opera, it quickly became one of Mozart\u2019s most successful compositions. The musical complexity of this opera was never seen before and it caused some problems for the performers. [PAR] Even though many of his operas are no longer performed, The Marriage Of Figaro is still being performed today (ranked 5th for the most performed today). It is still considered to be one of the most important operas ever written. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] The Marriage of Figaro (Mozart) - Synopsis - Music With Ease The Marriage of Figaro (Mozart) - Synopsis [PAR] The Marriage of Figaro [PAR] (Italian title: Le Nozze di Figaro) [PAR] An Opera by W A Mozart [PAR] Opera in four acts by Mozart; words by Lorenzo da Ponte, after Beaumarchais. Produced at the National Theatre, Vienna, May 1, 1786, Mozart conducting. Acad\u00e9mie de Musique, Paris, as \"Le Mariage de Figaro\" (with Beaumarchais\u0092s dialogue), 1793; as \"Les Noces de Figaro\" (words by Barbier and Carr\u00e9), 1858. London, in Italian, King\u0092s Theatre, June 18, 1812. New York, 1823, with T. Phillips, of Dublin, as Figaro; May 10, 1824, with Pearman as Figaro and Mrs. Holman, as Susanna; January 18, 1828, with Elizabeth Alston, as Susanna; all these were in English and at the Park Theatre. (See conducting paragraph of this article.) Notable revivals in Italian, at the Metropolitan Opera House: 1902, with Sembrich, Eames, Fritzi Scheff, de Reszke, and Campanari; 1909, Sembrch, Eames, Farrar, and Scotti; 1916, Hempel, Matzenauer, Farrar, and Scotti. [PAR] CHARACTERS [PAR] DOCTOR BARTOLO, a Physician . Bass [PAR] DON BASILIO, a music-master .. Tenor [PAR] CHERUBINO, a page . Soprano [PAR] DON CURZIO, counselor at law Tenor [PAR] COUNTESS ALMAVIVA . Soprano [PAR] SUSANNA, her personal maid, affianced to FIGARO . Soprano [PAR] MARCELLINA, a duenna . Soprano [PAR] BARBARINA, ANTONIO\u0092S daughter Soprano [PAR] Time: 17th Century. [PAR] Place: The Count\u0092s chateau of Aguas Frescas, near Seville. [PAR] Libretto of Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro), Prague, 1786. [PAR] \"Le Nozze di Figaro\" was composed by Mozart by command of Emperor Joseph II., of Austria. After congratulating the composer at the end of the first performance, the Emperor said to him: \"You must admit, however, my dear Mozart, that there are a great many notes in your score.\" \"Not one too many, Sire,\" was Mozart\u0092s reply. [PAR] (The anecdote, it should be noted, also, is told of the first performance of Mozart\u0092s \"Cosi Fan Tutti.\") [PAR] No opera composed"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SHARK BABIES - Kidzone Shark Babies [PAR] photo by Sander van der Wel , licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 [PAR] SHARK BABIES [PAR] Baby sharks are called pups. Just like there are many types of sharks, there are also different ways that sharks come into this world. There are three ways that sharks are born: [PAR] eggs are laid (like birds) [PAR] eggs hatch inside the mother and then are born [PAR] pups sharks grow inside the mother (like humans) [PAR] Sharks can have from 1 to 100 babies at a time, depending on the type of shark. The ones with pups that grow inside the mother have fewer babies at a time than sharks that lay eggs outside the body. [PAR] Sharks do not care for their babies after they are born, but they do search for a safe place where they can lay their eggs or give birth."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stressed Eric | Variety Stressed Eric | Variety [PAR] Print [PAR] August 11, 1998 | 12:00AM PT [PAR] \"Stressed Eric\" is being billed as NBC's first primetime animated series since \"The Flintstones,\" but Bedrock was never like this. The show's antihero is so unfathomably pathetic that he makes Homer Simpson look like Bill Gates. [PAR] \u201cStressed Eric\u201d is being billed as NBC\u2019s first primetime animated series since \u201cThe Flintstones,\u201d but Bedrock was never like this. The show\u2019s antihero is so unfathomably pathetic that he makes Homer Simpson look like Bill Gates. The show has things that earlier cartoons couldn\u2019t have imagined: vomit jokes, booze jokes, self-absorbed twit jokes \u2014 even jokes about the sex life of doctors. It\u2019s what nighttime cartoons have become in the age of \u201cSouth Park.\u201d [PAR] This is not to say that \u201cStressed Eric\u201d is just another doltish product of the adult cartoon trend. Quite the contrary. [PAR] For one thing, the show is wry and smart. For another, it was born in England, airing originally on Britain\u2019s BBC2. In fact, the pair of episodes supplied for screening are the British version rather than the Americanized edition featuring \u201cSimpsons\u201d vet Hank Azaria as lead voice and co-producer. [PAR] What it means is that this review isn\u2019t based entirely on what viewers will be watching this week. The version meant for American ears was being edited right up until airtime, though an NBC spokeswoman insisted that it is pretty much the same script and show minus the pesky British accent of the lead character. [PAR] Evidently, NBC believes that folks on this side of the Atlantic could have some problems deciphering English as spoken in the country of its birth. \u201cStressed Eric\u201d may, then, be the first English-language TV series ever to be redubbed into English. [PAR] Anyway, if the Americanized edition of \u201cStressed Eric\u201d is half as inspired as what Brits and a few U.S. TV critics have seen, then audiences are in for a midsummer night\u2019s treat with this short-run summertime cartoon about a Type-A worker drone and father traveling perilously close to the edge of a nervous breakdown. [PAR] Eric Feeble (voiced by Azaria in the unpreviewed American version) belongs in the Stress Hall of Fame. As the first episode opens, he\u2019s late for work, his pants are drying in the microwave, his hyper-allergic daughter has just eaten cereal that\u2019s grotesquely swollen her tongue, his mute son is dressed like a sheep, the au pair is hungover after a night of pub crawling and his self-centered ex-wife is off getting her body waxed and prodded. (She: \u201cI\u2019m going for a swim in the lake of me.\u201d) [PAR] The premiere from scribes Carl Gorham and Michael Hatt is pretty much one stress-producing disaster after another for lovable loser Eric, complete with humiliation from an abusive boss and neighbors who are so cloyingly perfect that even their surname is Perfect. [PAR] A second seg has Eric getting slammed by every indignity that can possibly occur in a hospital. It\u2019s more than a little bit sadistic, yet wickedly funny at the same time. [PAR] What sends \u201cStressed Eric\u201d beyond the bounds of mere sick toon is its deftly inserted social commentary. In the second episode, Eric is appalled to find every doctor, nurse, surgeon and orderly rushing off to attend to a privately insured patient sporting a cracked fingernail. And we see that his daughter Claire Feeble is playing with a doll labeled \u201cNon-Allergic Desecration Dolly \u2014 All of the Cuddles With None of the Rash!\u201d [PAR] Whether \u201cStressed Eric\u201d is too twisted to find"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dada and dadaism : history of the Dada movement Dada and dadaism : history of the Dada movement [PAR] Dada: artists' response to WWI [PAR] A short video from the Cabaret Voltaire presenting Dada. [PAR] Zurich was the birthplace of the Dada movement and its opposition to the cultural values its artists believed had led to the First World War. It all began at the city's Cabaret Voltaire in February 1916. [PAR] Switzerland was a neutral country during the First World War and many European artists sought refuge here, including the German founder of Cabaret Voltaire, Hugo Ball. [PAR] The Dadaists published books and created paintings and sculptures, but the real spirit of Dada was in events: cabaret performances, demonstrations, declarations, confrontations, the distributions of leaflets and of small magazines and newspapers and actions which today we would call guerrilla theatre. [PAR] When Hans Arp and Richard Huelsenbeck joined the group, they started making collages and wooden sculptures. The Cabaret Voltaire artists did not restrict themselves to being painters, writers, dancers or musicians; most of them were involved in several art forms and in breaking down the boundaries which kept the arts distinct from one another. [PAR] The Cabaret Voltaire building has been lovingly restored, and turned into a museum. It's a lasting memorial to the dadaists, whose activities had such a huge influence on the development of 20th century art. [PAR] Art Movements for the Non-Arts Student: Dada [PAR] \"What this means is that they were generally in opposition to everything art stood for. They ignored aesthetics. They affronted sensibilities. In all, their thoughts concerning traditional culture were also thoughts of destruction.\" [PAR] A short illustrated introduction to Dada from The Varsity, the independent student newspaper for the University of Cambridge. [PAR] A good overview by Tome Wilson in DIESELPUNKS. [PAR] Dada : The irreverent, rowdy revolution set the trajectory of 20th-century art [PAR] Illustrated article by Paul Trachtman in the Smithsonian Magazine, May 2006. [PAR] The Basics of Dada Movement in Art [PAR] Dada was an artistic and literary movement that started in Europe when World War I was going on. Because of the war, many artists, intellectuals and writers, especially those from France and Germany, moved to Switzerland, which was a neutral country. Instead of being relieved that they had escaped, the artists, intellectuals and writers were furious with the modern society. So, they decided to show their protest through artistic medium. They decided to create non-art since art in the society anyway had no meaning. [PAR] The so-called non-artists turned to creating art that had soft obscenities, scattered humor, visible puns and everyday objects. The most outrageous painting was created by Marcel Duchamp, when he painted a mustache on a copy of Mona Lisa and scribbled obscenities under it. He also created his sculpture called Fountain, which was actually a urinal without the plumbing and it had a fake signature. [PAR] The public were repulsed by the Dada movement. However, the Dadaists found this attitude encouraging. And, slowly the movement spread from Zurich to other parts of Europe and New York City. Just as many mainstream artists were thinking about this movement seriously, the Dada movement dissolved around the early 1920s. [PAR] This art movement was a protest, but at the same time it managed to be enjoyable and amusing. It was sarcastic, colorful, quirky and silly. If a person at that time had not been aware of the logic behind the movement, he or she would have been wondering what the artist was up to creating pieces like the ones that were created."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Know your club - Why Manchester United are called the 'Red ... Know your club - Why Manchester United are called the 'Red Devils' [PAR] Know your club - Why Manchester United are called the 'Red Devils' [PAR] by Debojyoti Dhar @debojyoti_dhar1 [PAR] Opinion 18 Sep 2013, 14:44 IST [PAR] With an emphatic trophy line of 20 domestic league titles and crowned as the second most valued club in 2013, Manchester United is hailed as one of the biggest brands of football. [PAR] United\u2019s recent success in the English Premier League has got them a wider reach, which is evident from the fact that the club has, allegedly, a staggering 659 million supporters round the globe and the highest average home attendance in Europe. [PAR] Having begun their fairytale journey in football as \u2018Newton Heath LYR Football Club\u2018 in 1878, the dawn of the new century saw the name change to \u2018Manchester United\u2018. The club has seen itself being decorated with several nicknames: The Heathens, The Busby Babes and The Red Devils being the most popular of them. In this article, we find the answers to why and how the club came to be known by the now famous nickname, the \u2018Red Devils\u2019. [PAR] Manchester United supporters hold scarves in the air before the English Premier League football match between Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur at Old Trafford in Manchester, north west England, on August 22, 2011. (ANDREW YATES/AFP/Getty Images) [PAR] Known as \u2018The Heathens\u2019 in their early formative years (which also had a religious aspect to it), the change in the club\u2019s name saw them being called simply \u2018United\u2019. The coming decades saw the advent of Sir Matt Busby\u2019s era, where he and his young team, nurtured from the club\u2019s academy, took the league by storm by becoming consistent title challengers. With an average team age of 22, the British media bestowed upon them the nickname of \u2018The Busby Babes\u2018, which is remembered more so because of the infamous Munich air crash that took the lives of some of the most talented English youth at that time. [PAR] The crest on the jacket worn by Manchester United manager David Moyes during of the FA Community Shield match between Manchester United and Wigan Athletic at Wembley Stadium on August 11, 2013 in London, England. (Photo by Mike Hewitt/Getty Images) [PAR] Meanwhile, its important that we divert our attention to the rugby club from Salford, Greater Manchester, which was repeating the same feat as United but in a different sport. Having won the Lancashire Cup and Rugby Football League Championship back then, they were regarded as the premier side of the sport. On their tour to France (which also crowned them as the first club to be invited to France), they won all six matches in spectacular fashion and their dazzling and ruthless performance earned them the name from French journalists: \u2018Les Diables Rouges\u2019, which translated as \u2018The Red Devils\u2019. As Sir Matt Busby set about in rebuilding the team, he decided that the use of this name would be more intimidating to opponents than its cute sounding predecessor. [PAR] MANCHESTER, ENGLAND \u2013 MARCH 10: Manchester United Manager Sir Alex Ferguson walks with Mascot Fred the Red prior to the FA Cup sponsored by Budweiser Sixth Round match between Manchester United and Chelsea at Old Trafford on March 10, 2013 in Manchester, England. (Photo by Alex Livesey/Getty Images) [PAR] The rest, as we know is history. United incorporated the name then in its scarves and programmes, and later a cheeky looking devil with a pitchfork made its way to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pope John Paul II - polishamericancenter.org Pope John Paul II [PAR] Pope John Paul II [PAR] A Man For All People [PAR] On October l6, 1978, the world community was stunned when the Roman Catholic Church's College of Cardinals elected a Polish Cardinal to become the 264th successor to St. Peter. Karol Cardinal Wojtyla was the first non-Italian Pope chosen for over 400 years and the first Polish Pope ever elected. [PAR] Karol Wojtyla was born in Wadowice, Poland, on May 18, 1920, to a poor family. His mother and brother died when he was a young boy. He was an outstanding student and was very interested in literature and the theater. In 1938 Wojtyla entered Jagiellonian University to study literature. During this time he also appeared in the theater. [PAR] In September, 1939, the Nazi armies invaded Poland and turned the lives of the people into confusion. Karol Wojtyla's life was no exception. Jagiellonian University was closed. But Wojtyla and other students established an underground university. Professors and students would secretly meet in private homes. Wojtyla went to secret classes and performed in plays at night, and during the day worked as a laborer in a limestone quarry. During this time his father died, which some friends feel stimulated him to seriously study theology. [PAR] Wojtyla began serious study for the seminary during the war. This placed his life in jeopardy and he was placed under protective custody at the Archbishop of Krakow's Palace. On November 1, 1946, Wojtyla was ordained a priest by Cardinal Sapieha. [PAR] After the war, Wojtyla was sent by Cardinal Sapieha to Rome and other European locations to continue his studies. He received his doctorate in theology. Upon his return to Poland in 1948, he was assigned as a parish priest. Wojtyla found a very different country - a country under communist rule. [PAR] Through his years as a priest in Poland, Wojtyla continued his education and his writings. Wojtyla wrote books, essays, articles, poems and plays during his years in Poland. He also was a professor and lecturer at the Catholic University in Lublin. [PAR] In July, 1958, Wojtyla was appointed auxiliary bishop of Krakow. His consecration took place at Wawel Cathedral in September of that year. Shortly afterwards, in December 1963, he was chosen as Archbishop of Krakow. Wojtyla continued his rise in the Church when he was made Cardinal on May 29, 1967. In his role as a priest, teacher, bishop and cardinal, Wojtyla was an outspoken advocate of religious freedom in communist ruled countries. [PAR] Upon the death of Pope John Paul I in 1978, Wojtyla and the College of Cardinals, were summoned to elect a successor to St. Peter. After the eighth ballot Cardinal Karol Wojtyla was chosen to be the leader of the Catholic Church. [PAR] As was customary, the new Pope greeted the crowd who gathered in St. Peter's Square. The people were anxious to hear a non-Italian Pope address them. They were overwhelmed when he spoke to them in Italian. The Inaugural Mass took place on October 22, 1978, with cardinals, dignitaries and guests in attendance. [PAR] Pope John Paul II was a very active leader of the Catholic Church. Unlike other Popes he traveled around the world to visit and meet with the people. His knowledge and fluency of many languages aided him in communicating with people from different countries. [PAR] Pope John Paul II died at his Vatican home in Rome, Italy, on Saturday, April 2, 2005.[DOC] [TLE] Pope John Paul II born - May 18, 1920 - HISTORY.com Pope John Paul"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] St. Helena, \u2018Cursed Rock\u2019 of Napoleon\u2019s Exile - The New ... St. Helena, \u2018Cursed Rock\u2019 of Napoleon\u2019s Exile - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Travel |St. Helena, \u2018Cursed Rock\u2019 of Napoleon\u2019s Exile [PAR] Search [PAR] St. Helena, \u2018Cursed Rock\u2019 of Napoleon\u2019s Exile [PAR] ANTHONY MANCINI [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Photo [PAR] Jamestown, the capital of rugged and remote St. Helena island, a British protectorate in the South Atlantic, where Napoleon arrived in 1815 to serve out his exile. He died there in 1821 at age 51. Credit Kent Kobersteen/National Geographic Society\u2014Corbis [PAR] I STOOD on the aft deck of the 128-passenger Royal Mail Ship St. Helena in the gloom of a predawn morning last fall, my eyes riveted to an island that seemed to rise from the scalloped sea, a ruined cathedral of volcanic rock shrouded in mist. It was a steep natural fortress augmented by man-made battlements, bristling with rusty cannons that commanded the far reaches of the surrounding ocean. As the sun rose, its palette morphed from black to slate to tawny. [PAR] After a five-day sail and one day in the port of Cape Town because of engine trouble, we had reached our destination, St. Helena island. This basalt outcropping of land in the South Atlantic, surrounded by thousands of miles of water and not much else, was where, after years of searching the haunted houses of history and literature for Napoleon \u2019s ghost, I would finally find him. It was on this remote island that the deposed emperor was exiled and died. [PAR] Napoleon arrived in St. Helena, a British protectorate, nearly 200 years ago aboard the puddle-filled planks of the HMS Northumberland, after having been captured by the allied powers. British authorities wrote Napoleon that he would be confined there to prevent him \u201cfrom disturbing the repose of Europe.\u201d His enemies had chosen well. [PAR] Then as now, the island of St. Helena (the Saints, as the Islanders immodestly call themselves, pronounce it Sint huh-LEE-nuh) is one of the most inaccessible and forbidding-looking places on Earth, reachable only by the mail ship, which travels there once a month from Cape Town, or by private yacht (though in 2015, an airport is scheduled to open). The island, with a population of roughly 3,500, occupies 47 square miles and sits some 1,200 miles from the coast of Angola and 1,800 miles from Brazil. The nearest land is Ascension Island, 703 miles north, which is also a British territory serving as an R.A.F. and United States air base. The moonscape appearance as we approached by sea belied the surprisingly green hills and valleys of the interior. It is a land of contrasts and contradictions, the black rocks of Sandy Bay in the south clashing with the green meadows of nearby Mount Pleasant; the tropic sun of Deadwood Plain tempered by the shady arbors of Geranium Valley. [PAR] Continue reading the main story [PAR] Still, not many tourists make the journey, which on the mail ship offers few frills: two lounges, sunbathing decks, a formal dining room and swimming pool not much bigger than a kiddie pool. At the final destination, there are no sandy beaches, five-star hotels, renowned chefs or nightclubs filled with celebrities. There are also no A.T.M.\u2019s, businesses that accept credit cards, or cellphone towers. And the island, long a dependency of Britain , lacks a vital local economy. Its main economic driver is the British bureaucracy. So most of the people who sailed with me, apart from a few adventurers and many Saints returning for"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Forests and Chases of England and Wales: A Glossary Forests and Chases of England and Wales: A Glossary [PAR] A Glossary of Place-name Elements Relative to Forests and Woodland [PAR] [PAR] We have brought together upwards of 740 words and phrases in use by, or relevant to those whose daily livelihood or occasional leisure was found in the more than 300 forests and chases in England and Wales in the period under study. Additional entries are very welcome: please refer to the contact details on our Home Page [PAR] A [PAR] [PAR] acre (1) unit of areal measurement, originally 40 rods long by 4 rods wide (C, 36), equivalent to 4,840 sq. yds. or 10 sq. chains (E, 177); 640 acres = 1 sq. mile (E, 177); see also \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbraid\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrod\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. (2) unit of linear measurement, 4 rods (i.e. an acre\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds breadth) (C, 37) [PAR] afforest (1) (legal) place an area under forest law and administration; the creation of a forest by stipulated procedures (M, 26 (v) \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 30 (r)); (2) (sylviculture) establish a tree crop on an area which has not carried wood for some time (L, 236) [PAR] after-pannage money paid for the agistment of pigs after the end of the normal pannage season (T 147) [PAR] agist admit cattle to forest for a given period or to take in cattle to graze at a certain rate, hence \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdagistment\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (P, 205) [PAR] agistator, agister, agistor [PAR] official responsible for receiving payments for agistment (R, 165); officer responsible for supervising, charging for and enrolling commoners\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd cattle grazing and pannage, numbering four per forest (M, 79 (v)) [PAR] agisting taking in of commoners\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd cattle by agisters on payment by the week, month or other period (M, 80 (r)) [PAR] agistment herbage of a forest or the right to it; grazing dues or income from agisting (L, 236); grazing of unenclosed woods and waste within a forest; common of herbage and the money received for it (M, 79(v) - 86 (v)). The Charter of the Forest allowed every free man to agist his own woods and hedges in a forest with his own beasts at any time, under view of the verderers, unless they abutted the king\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds woods, which must be agisted first (M, 7 (r), 9 (v) and 84 (v)). See \u00ef\u00bf\u00bddrift\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdpannage\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd, \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdswanimote\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] airies\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd brushwood windshield to protect charcoal-making hearths (Reeves) [PAR] alaunt large, powerful, mastiff-like dog (BG, 202) [PAR] alder durable wood when grown in wet conditions, used for clog soles by itinerant clog makers (Je, 23; 235) [PAR] aller alder, q.v. (Ja, 296) [PAR] amercement financial penalty for an offence imposed by a court (R, 165). It was owed by an offender said to be \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdin mercy\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdat the mercy of the king (misericordia), but could be pardoned (Stagg). [PAR] antler attire or head of a stag, which was rated by doubling the number of tines borne by the antler with most. The extreme number was supposed to be 32 (BG, 203-4) [PAR] arabilis maple tree (T, 133) [PAR] arable [land] fit for tillage (OED) [PAR] arbeel Abele or white poplar (Ja, 296) [PAR] arboreal of, living in, connected with, trees (OED) [PAR] arboriculture cultivation of trees and shrubs (OED) [PAR] armitage see \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdhermit\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd [PAR] arrent let out at rent; permit enclosure of forest land or woodland on payment of an annual rent (Ja, 296); allow the enclosure of forest lands \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwith a low hedge and a small ditch\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd at a yearly rent; hence \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdarrentation\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd (P, 205) [PAR] arrentation the process of arrenting (Ja, 296) [PAR] ash tough wood used especially for tool"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Franz Sanchez - James Bond Wiki - Wikia Franz Sanchez | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Franz Sanchez is a drug baron who heads a powerful criminal cartel based in the fictional Central American city, Isthmus City. He is the main villain of the 1989 film Licence To Kill and was played by Robert Davi . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Film biography [PAR] Background [PAR] Sanchez is a Mexican drug lord running his own empire from the fictitious Republic of Isthmus . Owner of a large luxury estate, protected by an army of henchmen and controller of the city President, Sanchez has either bribed, intimidated or killed most of the city\u2019s officials. Heading an international drugs cartel Sanchez is both ruthless and merciless, yet is cultured, refined and a man of his word. Sanchez rewards loyalty but promises death to anyone who double-crosses him. With paranoid tendencies relating to the loyalty of his men, Bond is able to exploit this weakness to get Sanchez to kill a couple of his own men when Bond convinces him they are cheating on him. [PAR] Capture and Escape [PAR] DEA agents collect James Bond \u2013 MI6 agent 007 \u2013 and his friend, CIA agent Felix Leiter , on their way to Leiter's wedding in Miami to have them assist in capturing drugs lord Franz Sanchez. Bond and Leiter capture Sanchez by attaching a hook and cord to Sanchez's plane in flight near The Bahamas and pulling it out of the air with a Coast Guard helicopter. Afterwards, Bond and Leiter parachute down to the church in time for the ceremony. [PAR] During Sanchez's transportation to a prison, Ed Killifer tempted by a $2 million dollar deal, assists the drug lord's escape by driving the prison van into the sea, where Scuba divers are waiting to help make their underwater escape. Meanwhile, Sanchez's henchman Dario and his crew ambush Leiter and his wife Della . Leiter is maimed by a great white shark and Della is raped and killed. Dario encourages Sanchez to leave and stiff Killifer, as he is an American they barely know. Sanchez's twisted loyalty is shown in telling Dario that he made a deal with Killifer, and since Killifer upheld his end of the deal by getting Sanchez his freedom, so to he will honor his part of the deal and not return home until $2 million in cash is placed in Killifer's hands. Sanchez is then smuggled back to his empire in Isthmus City. When Bond returns to Leiter's house to find Della dead and Felix alive, but seriously wounded, he swears to take his revenge on Sanchez. Later, Bond boards the Wavekrest \u2013 a ship run by Sanchez's henchman Milton Krest \u2013 and foils Sanchez's latest drug shipment, stealing five million dollars in the process. [PAR] Isthmus [PAR] The drug baron then appeared on a news broadcast saying that he loves America despite his drug operations and he welcomes the American people to Isthmus. After making some winnings in an Isthmus casino owned by Sanchez, Bond approaches Sanchez seeking employment in his organization; introducing himself as a \"problem eliminator\". After reconnoitering the establishment, Bond notes that Sanchez was well protected, sitting behind two inches of armoured glass. Bond is delighted when Q arrives unannounced in Isthmus, providing him with the necessary gadgets to kill Sanchez. Using the equipment, Bond prepared to demolish the window using plastic explosives and snipe the drug lord from the adjacent building. Despite detonating the explosives, two Hong Kong Narcotics Bureau officers foil Bond's attempt to assassinate Sanchez and"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Judaism 101: Life, Death and Mourning Judaism 101: Life, Death and Mourning [PAR] Life, Death and Mourning [PAR] \u0095 Almost any Jewish law can be broken to save a human life [PAR] \u0095 Euthanasia is prohibited, but refusing extraordinary measures is allowed [PAR] \u0095 Mourning practices show respect for the dead and comfort the living [PAR] \u0095 Jewish graves are marked with tombstones [PAR] \u0095 Tombstones are traditionally unveiled 12 months after burial [PAR] Life [PAR] In Judaism, life is valued above almost all else. The Talmud notes that all people are descended from a single person, thus taking a single life is like destroying an entire world, and saving a single life is like saving an entire world. [PAR] Of the 613 commandments , only the prohibitions against murder, idolatry, incest and adultery are so important that they cannot be violated to save a life. Judaism not only permits, but often requires a person to violate the commandments if necessary to save a life. A person who is extremely ill, for example, or a woman in labor, is not permitted to fast on Yom Kippur , because fasting at such a time would endanger the person's life. Doctors are permitted to answer emergency calls on Shabbat , even though this may violate many Shabbat prohibitions. Abortions where necessary to save the life of a mother are mandatory (the unborn are not considered human life in Jewish law, thus the mother's human life overrides). [PAR] Because life is so valuable, we are not permitted to do anything that may hasten death, not even to prevent suffering. Euthanasia, suicide and assisted suicide are strictly forbidden by Jewish law. The Talmud states that you may not even move a dying person's arms if that would shorten his life. [PAR] However, where death is imminent and certain, and the patient is suffering, Jewish law does permit one to cease artificially prolonging life. Thus, in certain circumstances, Jewish law permits \"pulling the plug\" or refusing extraordinary means of prolonging life. [PAR] Death [PAR] In Judaism, death is not a tragedy, even when it occurs early in life or through unfortunate circumstances. Death is a natural process. Our deaths, like our lives, have meaning and are all part of G-d 's plan. In addition, we have a firm belief in an afterlife , a world to come, where those who have lived a worthy life will be rewarded. [PAR] Mourning practices in Judaism are extensive, but they are not an expression of fear or distaste for death. Jewish practices relating to death and mourning have two purposes: to show respect for the dead (kavod ha-met), and to comfort the living (nihum avelim), who will miss the deceased. [PAR] Care for the Dead [PAR] After a person dies, the eyes are closed, the body is laid on the floor and covered, and candles are lit next to the body. The body is never left alone until after burial, as a sign of respect. The people who sit with the dead body are called shomerim, from the root Shin-Mem-Reish, meaning \"guards\" or \"keepers\". [PAR] Respect for the dead body is a matter of paramount importance. For example, the shomerim may not eat, drink, or perform a commandment in the presence of the dead. To do so would be considered mocking the dead, because the dead can no longer do these things. [PAR] Most communities have an organization to care for the dead, known as the chevra kaddisha (the holy society). These people are volunteers. Their work is considered extremely meritorious, because they are performing a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Jean Jacques Rousseau - Composer Biography, Facts and ... Jean Jacques Rousseau - Composer Biography, Facts and Music Compositions [PAR] Contact [PAR] Jean Jacques Rousseau [PAR] Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a highly influential writer, philosopher, and composer of the 18th century. He is most known for his contributions to the social contract theory, and his overall political philosophy, which most people regard to have highly influenced the French Revolution. Rousseau is also remembered as a composer of music of the late Baroque era. Thanks to his remarkable intelligence, Rousseau also made contributions to music theory. [PAR] Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born on June 28, 1712, in the City State of Geneva. Nine days after his birth, Rousseau\u2019s mother passed away due to Puerperal Fever, thus, Rousseau grew very close to his father, who was pivotal in his early childhood education. At the age of five, Rousseau\u2019s father sold his home and moved into a smaller apartment; in a neighborhood which was inhabited by many craftsmen and artisans. This was how Rousseau gained significant expertise in watch-making, a craft that he would adopt at the age of thirteen. Around this time, Rousseau\u2019s father had also escaped Geneva in fear of imprisonment due to trespassing. Rousseau\u2019s interaction with his father also diminished severely due to him remarrying. His father\u2019s remarriage, coupled with the fact that Rousseau was extremely unhappy with watch-making, made him run away from his home when he was fifteen years old. When he finally decided to return, he found the city gates locked due to a city curfew, distressed, Rousseau took shelter in a noblewoman\u2019s house, Francoise-Louise de Warens. It was at her house that Rousseau finally took formal instruction in music. Rousseau was already heavily influenced by music due to his aunt Suzanne, who was heavily passionate about music. Louise de Warens housed Rousseau on and off for about thirteen years, and at times she was also instrumental in providing him with jobs and responsibilities. [PAR] In 1742, Rousseau developed his own system of musical notation which was numbered and compatible with typography. He presented the invention to the Academie Des Sciences, which politely rejected it, while praising his innovation and creativity. In 1742, Rousseau wrote his first opera, titled \u201cLes Muses Galantes\u201d. His most famous opera titled \u201cLe Devin du Village\u201d was written in 1752. It contained the highly popular duet, \u201cNon, Colette n\u2019est point trompeuse\u201d, which was later rearranged into an entire song by Ludwig van Beethoven . The success of the opera also helped him win a position at the Encyclopedie; the Lettre sur la Musique Francaise, for which he wrote articles on music under Denis Diderot. [PAR] However, Rousseau was much more influential as a philosopher and as a writer. In 1762, he published \u201cEmile\u201d which dealt on the topic of citizen\u2019s education. His writings on inequality and the social contract theory, namely, his \u201cDiscourse on the Origin of Inequality\u201d and \u201cOn the Social Contract Theory\u201d, are considered by many to be the very foundation of modern political thought today. He is also credited with many other political ideas, including the idea of a General Will, Positive Liberty, Popular Sovereignty, Civil Religion, Theory of the Natural Human, and Child-Centered Learning. His posthumously published autobiography, \u201cConfessions\u201d, was considered one of the first major autobiographies ever written. [PAR] Jean-Jacques Rousseau died on July 2, 1778 due to a hemorrhage. Today, he is celebrated as Geneva\u2019s \u201cMost Celebrated Son\u201d."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Planet Neptune - Universe Today The Planet Neptune - Universe Today [PAR] Universe Today [PAR] by Matt Williams [PAR] Neptune is the eight planet from our Sun, one of the four gas giants, and one of the four outer planets in our Solar System. Since the \u201cdemotion\u201d of Pluto by the IAU to the status of a dwarf planet \u2013 and/or Plutoid and Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) \u2013 Neptune is now considered to be the farthest planet in our Solar System. [PAR] As one of the planets that cannot be seen with the naked eye, Neptune was not discovered until relatively recently. And given its distance, it has only been observed up close on one occasion \u2013 in 1989 by the Voyager 2 spaceprobe. Nevertheless, what we\u2019ve come to know about this gas (and ice) giant in that time has taught us much about the outer Solar System and the history of its formation. [PAR] Discovery and Naming: [PAR] Neptune\u2019s discovery did not take place until the 19th century, though there are indications that it was observed before long that. For instance, Galileo\u2019s drawings from December 28th, 1612, and January 27th, 1613, contained plotted points which are now known to match up with the positions of Neptune on those dates. However, in both cases, Galileo appeared to have mistaken it for a star. [PAR] 1821, French astronomer Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables for the orbit of Uranus. Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, which led Bouvard to hypothesize that an unknown body was perturbing Uranus\u2019 orbit through gravitational interaction. [PAR] New Berlin Observatory at Linden Street, where Neptune was discovered observationally. Credit: Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam [PAR] In 1843, English astronomer John Couch Adams began work on the orbit of Uranus using the data he had and produced several different estimates in the following years of the planet\u2019s orbit. In 1845\u201346, Urbain Le Verrier, independently of Adams, developed his own calculations, which he shared with Johann Gottfried Galle of the Berlin Observatory . Galle confirmed the presence of a planet at the coordinates specified by Le Verrier on September 23rd, 1846. [PAR] The announcement of the discovery was met with controversy, as both Le Verrier and Adams claimed responsibility. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. However, a re-evaluation by historians in 1998 of the relevant historical documents led to the conclusion that Le Verrier was more directly responsible for the discovery and deserves the greater share of the credit. [PAR] Claiming the right of discovery, Le Verrier suggested the planet be named after himself, but this met with stiff resistance outside of France. He also suggested the name Neptune, which was gradually accepted by the international community. This was largely because it was consistent with the nomenclature of the other planets, all of which were named after deities from Greco-Roman mythology. [PAR] Neptune\u2019s Size, Mass and Orbit: [PAR] With a mean radius of 24,622 \u00b1 19 km, Neptune is the fourth largest planet in the Solar System and four times as large as Earth. But with a mass of 1.0243\u00d71026 kg \u2013 which is roughly 17 times that of Earth \u2013 it is the third most massive, outranking Uranus. The planet has a very minor eccentricity of 0.0086, and orbits the Sun at a distance of 29.81 AU (4.459 x 109 km) at perihelion and 30.33 AU (4.537 x 109 km) at aphelion. [PAR] A size comparison of Neptune and Earth. Credit: NASA [PAR] Neptune takes 16 h 6 min 36 s (0.6713 days) to complete a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dutch (language): What is the English translation of the ... Dutch (language): What is the English translation of the phrase 'ik hou van jou'? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Written Aug 11, 2015 [PAR] \"I love you\", though it is often not said as often as it is in English. It's meaning can therefore carry more weight, depending on the person who says it. [PAR] As the saying goes, you only say \"Ik hou van jou\" twice: When you marry, and when you die. But this doesn't go for everyone, though. I once had a girlfriend who said it all the time, which, although sweet, made it sound a bit drawly and awkward. :S [PAR] It means \u201cI like (or love) you\u201d. The English expression, \u2018hold with\u2019 (usually used in the negative form) is the equivalent. Dutch lacks the verb to like or love in the usual sense. [PAR] 430 Views [PAR] Written Aug 30 [PAR] It means: I love you, but indeed carries a lot more weight than the English version. [PAR] We are a bi-langual family Dutch/English and my kids only speak Dutch to me and only English to my husband. And its just too weird how often my son yells: Ik hou van jou mama! when he leaves the house. In Holland we don't throw it around that much. [PAR] 246 Views"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Tropic Of Cancer | Download eBook PDF/EPUB - .xyz Tropic Of Cancer | Download eBook PDF/EPUB [PAR] Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi [PAR] Total Read : 63 [PAR] Total Download : 160 [PAR] File Size : 45,8 Mb [PAR] Description : Shocking, banned and the subject of obscenity trials, Henry Miller's first novel Tropic of Cancer is one of the most scandalous and influential books of the twentieth century Tropic of Cancer redefined the novel. Set in Paris in the 1930s, it features a starving American writer who lives a bohemian life among prostitutes, pimps, and artists. Banned in the US and the UK for more than thirty years because it was considered pornographic, Tropic of Cancer continued to be distributed in France and smuggled into other countries. When it was first published in the US in 1961, it led to more than 60 obscenity trials until a historic ruling by the Supreme Court defined it as a work of literature. Long hailed as a truly liberating book, daring and uncompromising, Tropic of Cancer is a cornerstone of modern literature that asks us to reconsider everything we know about art, freedom, and morality. 'At last an unprintable book that is fit to read' Ezra Pound 'A momentous event in the history of modern writing' Samuel Beckett 'The book that forever changed the way American literature would be written' Erica Jong Henry Miller (1891-1980) is one of the most important American writers of the 20th century. His best-known novels include Tropic of Cancer (1934), Tropic of Capricorn (1939), and the Rosy Crucifixion trilogy (Sexus, 1949, Plexus, 1953, and Nexus, 1959), all published in France and banned in the US and the UK until 1964. He is widely recognised as an irreverent, risk-taking writer who redefined the novel and made the link between the European avant-garde and the American Beat generation. [PAR] Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi [PAR] Total Read : 23 [PAR] Total Download : 375 [PAR] File Size : 46,7 Mb [PAR] Description : Now hailed as an American classic, Tropic of Cancer, Henry Miller\u2019s masterpiece, was banned as obscene in this country for twenty-seven years after its first publication in Paris in 1934. Only a historic court ruling that changed American censorship standards, ushering in a new era of freedom and frankness in modern literature, permitted the publication of this first volume of Miller\u2019s famed mixture of memoir and fiction, which chronicles with unapologetic gusto the bawdy adventures of a young expatriate writer, his friends, and the characters they meet in Paris in the 1930s. Tropic of Cancer is now considered, as Norman Mailer said, \u201cone of the ten or twenty great novels of our century.\u201d [PAR] Format Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi [PAR] Total Read : 27 [PAR] Total Download : 421 [PAR] File Size : 46,9 Mb [PAR] Description : A cult modern classic, Tropic of Capricorn is as daring, frank and influential as Henry Miller first novel, Tropic of Cancer A story of sexual and spiritual awakening, Tropic of Capricorn shocked readers when it was published in 1939. A mixture of fiction and autobiography, it is the story of Henry V. Miller who works for the Cosmodemonic telegraph company in New York in the 1920s and tries to write the most important work of literature that was ever published. Tropic of Capricorn paints a dazzling picture of the life of the writer and of New York City between the wars: the skyscrapers and the sewers, the lust and the dejection, the smells and the sounds of a city that is perpetually in"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] United Arab Emirates country profile - BBC News United Arab Emirates country profile - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] United Arab Emirates country profile [PAR] 28 September 2016 [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] Close share panel [PAR] The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven states that has grown from a quiet backwater to one of the Middle East's most important economic centres. [PAR] Though traditionally conservative, the UAE is one of the most liberal countries in the Gulf, with other cultures and beliefs generally tolerated. Politically it remains authoritarian, however. [PAR] Relations with neighbouring Iran have been tense because of an ongoing territorial dispute over Gulf islands. The UAE was one of only three countries to recognise Taliban rule in Afghanistan. [PAR] Before oil was discovered in the 1950s the UAE's economy was dependent on fishing and a declining pearl industry. But since oil exports began in 1962, the country's society and economy have been transformed. [PAR] The UAE has diversified and has become a regional trading and tourism hub. UAE firms have invested heavily abroad. [PAR] See more country profiles - Profiles compiled by BBC Monitoring [PAR] FACTS [PAR] LEADER [PAR] President: Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed [PAR] Abu Dhabi President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed, who has a reputation as a pro-Western moderniser, was named as president by the UAE Federal Council in November 2004, shortly after the death of his father, Sheikh Zayed Bin-Sultan Al Nahyan. [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al Quwain - the seven emirates that make up the UAE - maintain a large degree of independence. [PAR] The UAE is governed by a Supreme Council of Rulers made up of the seven emirs, who appoint the prime minister and the cabinet. [PAR] MEDIA [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] The UAE is a regional and international centre for TV and media. Dubai Media City and twofour54, Abu Dhabi's media zone, were set up to attract key international players such as Reuters, CNN, Sony and Fox. [PAR] There is strong regulatory and political control of media content and even foreign publications are censored before distribution. [PAR] With 8.8 million users, the UAE has one of the highest internet penetration rates in the Arab world. But it is extensively filtered; targeted content includes opposition politics and religion. [PAR] TIMELINE [PAR] Some key dates in the UAE's history: [PAR] 1971 December - After independence from Britain, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujayrah, Sharjah, and Umm al Quwain come together as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sheikh Zayed Bin-Sultan Al Nuhayyan presides over the federation. [PAR] 1972 - Ras al-Khaymah joins the federation. [PAR] 2006 - First-ever national elections. A small number of hand-picked voters choose half of the members of the Federal National Council - an advisory body. [PAR] 2015 - The UAE takes part in Saudi-led air strikes on Houthi rebels in Yemen."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] IMDb: Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home (1995) Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home ( 1995 ) [PAR] PG | [PAR] Jesse becomes reunited with Willy three years after the whale's jump to freedom as the teenager tries to rescue the killer whale and other orcas from an oil spill. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 03 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 16 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 22 titles [PAR] created 07 Dec 2014 [PAR] a list of 41 titles [PAR] created 18 Jul 2015 [PAR] a list of 42 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Title: Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home (1995) [PAR] 4.9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A teenage Jesse and old friend Randolph try to foil an illegal whaler threatening Willy and his pregnant mate. [PAR] Director: Sam Pillsbury [PAR] When a boy learns that a beloved killer whale is to be killed by the aquarium owners, the boy risks everything to free the whale. [PAR] Director: Simon Wincer [PAR] Kirra discovers a baby Orca stranded in the lagoon near her grandfather's rundown seaside amusement park. She embarks on a quest to lead Willy back to his pod. [PAR] Director: Will Geiger [PAR] Sandy Ricks is sent by his mom to Coral Key, a rustic island in the Florida keys, to spend the summer with his uncle Porter Ricks. Sandy dislikes everything about his new environment until ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Alan Shapiro [PAR] A slobbering St. Bernard becomes the center of attention for a loving family, but must contend with a dog-napping veterinarian and his henchmen. [PAR] Director: Brian Levant [PAR] Three pets escape from a California ranch to find their owners in San Francisco. [PAR] Director: Duwayne Dunham [PAR] Beethoven, the St. Bernard dog, becomes a father, but his girlfriend Missy is dog-napped, and his puppies are in danger of the same fate. [PAR] Director: Rod Daniel [PAR] The dog everyone loves now leaps into the '90s in this all-new exciting, updated version of Lassie! Determined to start a new life in the country, the Turner Family - Dad, stepmom, little ... See full summary \u00bb [PAR] Director: Daniel Petrie [PAR] A young American boy visiting in China helps his zoologist father rescue a panda cub from unscrupulous poachers while his panda reserve is threatened with closure from officious bureaucrats. [PAR] Director: Christopher Cain [PAR] A woman kidnaps puppies to kill them for their fur, but various animals then gang up against her and get their revenge in slapstick fashion. [PAR] Director: Stephen Herek [PAR] A paranormal expert and his daughter bunk in an abandoned house populated by three mischievous ghosts and one friendly one. [PAR] Director: Brad Silberling [PAR] A doctor discovers that he can communicate with animals. [PAR] Director: Betty Thomas [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Willy the smart and rebellious whale and Jessie the orphaned boy team up to escape Willy's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Baldy Mountain (NM) : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering ... Baldy Mountain (NM) : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost [PAR] Northern View [PAR] Copper Park/French Henry, the North Ridge- The only camp used to access Baldy for the North Ridge is Copper Park. From Copper Park, you will begin to head west. Just outside of camp, you will see a sign directing you to the north, towards Greenwood Canyon and Baldy Follow this. A quick note about Greenwood Canyon is that, according to Mark Doiron , it used to be called \"Cottonwood Canyon\" on some of the older maps. Also, another note about Greenwood Canyon is that some crews will be in the the Valle Vidal and will have to come up and over the pass and down into Copper Park. This is particularly annoying because the next day, their itinerary will have them go back up to that same saddle to do Baldy. There are many many switch backs on this route. You will get to a pass/saddle on the ridge. The trail on the other side goes down to Greenwood Canyon. You want to head up the ridge. Take a left (west) up the ridge. Around tree line, you hit a very rock ridge-line. However, past this, the hiking is quite easy and very very enjoyable. You find yourself on a a beautiful alpine ridge with beautiful alpine tundra. Look out for marmots and elk too. Also, keep an eye out for old mining activity. The views are also endless and everywhere on this ridge. All in all, on this route, you spend about 1.5 miles above treeline, so keep an eye for the weather. At 12,100ft, you will reach an old mine (see the next section for information about that). From here, its a scree slope with 300ft of elevation gain. As said before, Baldy's summit is the western most of the two summits. From Copper Park to the summit, it is around 4 miles with just under 2,000ft of elevation gain. [PAR] Note: I said it in the camping section later on, but this is the primary route up Baldy's north side. Philmont used to run a trail straight from Copper Park through the canyon up Baldy's North Face, which is an immense scree slope. However, due to the amount of injuries from the scree slope and from residual snow, Philmont closed it off around the 2007 season. The ridge is a much better and more scenic option to the direct route up the North Face. [PAR] The North Ridge [PAR] Note: As said before, most crews, no matter which side they start on, will either go up or down each route to make a big loop out of the day. [PAR] Off Ranch, from Eagle's Nest- Because Philmont owns Baldy's summit and everything east of the ridge, this route is technically of limits. But if you were going to do it, there is an old mining road that goes up the west slopes of Baldy. That is really the only plausible way to access Baldy if you are not a camper or staff. [PAR] From Maxwell Turnaround- This used to be a starting point for campers at Philmont, however, Philmont closed it down. If you are staff at Philmont, you can still drive to the turnaround. From here, it is easily possible to do Baldy in a day. [PAR] Baldy from Miranda [PAR] History of Baldy Mountain: A Gold Rush [PAR] [PAR] Mystic Lode Mine [PAR] Baldy Mountain has seen EXTENSIVE mining over the years. Gold was discovered around 1867 on Baldy Mountain"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Translation of Alea jacta est in English - Babylon Software Translation of Alea jacta est in English [PAR] English Greek [PAR] Alea jacta est in English [PAR] Alea Jacta Est (en: \"The Die Is Cast\") is the third studio album by the Asturian power metal band WarCry, released on January 1, 2004 (see 2004 in music and 2004 in heavy metal music), and distributed through Avispa. [PAR] See more at Wikipedia.org... [PAR] (\"The die is cast\") is a Latin phrase attributed by Suetonius (as ) to Julius Caesar on January 10, 49 BC as he led his army across the Rubicon river in Northern Italy. With this step, he entered Italy at the head of his army in defiance of the Senate and began his long civil war against Pompey and the Optimates. The phrase has been adopted in Italian , Romanian , Spanish , French , Portuguese , Greek , Dutch , German , Polish and many other languages to indicate that events have passed a point of no return. [PAR] See more at Wikipedia.org...[DOC] [TLE] ALEA IACTA EST - Sensagent.com ALEA IACTA EST : definition of ALEA IACTA EST and synonyms of ALEA IACTA EST (English) [PAR] For the album by WarCry, see Alea Jacta Est . [PAR] Alea iacta est ( Latin : \"The die has been cast\") is a Latin phrase attributed by Suetonius (as iacta alea est [\u02c8jakta \u02c8a\u02d0lea est] ) to Julius Caesar on January 10, 49 BC as he led his army across the River Rubicon in Northern Italy . With this step, he entered Italy at the head of his army in defiance and began his long civil war against Pompey and the Optimates . The phrase is still used today to mean that events have passed a point of no return, that something inevitably will happen. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Meaning and form [PAR] The historian Frances Titchener has given a stylized description of the context of Caesar's pronouncement: [PAR] We know from [Caesar's journals] that Caesar is not taking this lightly. He knows that if he marches on Rome with his armies, then he is a public enemy, and that he will either have to win, or die. For a Roman patrician like Julius Caesar there is no life without military service; there is no life without service to the state. He cannot simply 'go native' and stay in Gaul , and he does realise that if he goes back to Rome, he would be killed. At this time the northernmost border of the Roman territory in Italy is the River Rubicon. Once someone crosses the River Rubicon, he's in Roman territory. A general must not cross that boundary with his army - he must do what the Romans call lay down his command, which means surrender his right to order troops, and certainly not be carrying weapons. Caesar and his armies hesitate quite awhile at this river while Caesar decides what to do, and Caesar tells us that he informs his soldiers that it's a little tiny bridge across the river, but once they cross it they'll have to fight their way all the way to Rome, and Caesar is well aware that he's risking not just his own life, but those of his loyal soldiers, and he might not win. Pompey is a formidable enemy. It's also impossible to avoid the fact that Caesar was attacking the state, and as a patrician Roman this would have been very difficult for him, equivalent to beating up your father. He wouldn't have done any of this lightly. Finally he"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FA Cup by numbers - Telegraph FA Cup by numbers - Telegraph [PAR] FA Cup by numbers [PAR] By Christopher Lyles [PAR] 12:01AM GMT 05 Jan 2008 [PAR] 0 The official attendance for two third-round replays that were played behind closed doors. The first was between Norwich City and Bradford City at Lincoln City's Sincil Bank ground in March 1915. Supporters were banned so as not to disrupt production at a nearby armaments factory. The second was between Leicester City and non-League Burton Albion at Coventry City's Highfield Road in 1985 when fans were banned because a missile had been thrown at the Burton goalkeeper in the first game. [PAR] Football fans' forum [PAR] 1 The number of clubs who have won the FA Cup at Wembley in the current millennium. Chelsea have done so twice, beating Aston Villa in 2000 and Manchester United last year. [PAR] 1 Occasion that the FA Cup has been won by a non-League club, in 1901 when Southern League Tottenham Hotspur beat First Division Sheffield United in a replay at Bolton. [PAR] 1 The number of non-English clubs who have won the FA Cup. Cardiff City became the first and only club to do so when they beat Arsenal 1-0 at Wembley in 1927. [PAR] 1 Scottish club who have played in an FA Cup final. Queen's Park were runners-up in 1884 and 1885. [PAR] 2 Clubs who have won the FA Cup in three successive years. Wanderers did so in 1876, 1877 and 1878 before Blackburn Rovers repeated the feat in 1884, 1885 and 1886. [PAR] 3 Successive years (between 1956 and 1958) in which Leeds United were drawn at home to Cardiff City in the third round. Cardiff won all three matches 2-1. [PAR] 3 Weeks between Wanderers winning the first FA Cup final in 1872 and being presented with the trophy at their annual dinner. [PAR] 4 Times in seven seasons (including the current one) that Aston Villa and Manchester United have been drawn together in the third round. [PAR] 4 FA Cup finals that have finished goalless. The last final without a goal was the 2005 contest between Arsenal and Manchester United, which Arsenal won 5-4 on penalties. The three previous goalless draws were in 1886, 1911 and 1912. [PAR] 4 Players who have represented three different clubs in an FA Cup final. They are Harold Halse (Manchester United, Aston Villa and Chelsea), Ernie Taylor (Newcastle United, Blackpool and Manchester United), John Barnes (Watford, Liverpool and Newcastle United) and Dennis Wise (Wimbledon, Chelsea and Millwall). [PAR] 5 FA Cup final winning teams that have been managed by Sir Alex Ferguson, more than any other manager. [PAR] 5 Occasions that Tottenham Hotspur have won the FA Cup when the year has ended in a \"1\". Spurs lifted the trophy in 1901, 1921, 1961, 1981 and 1991 (with their three other winning finals coming in 1962, 1967 and 1982). [PAR] 5 FA Cup final goals scored by Ian Rush, more than any other player. [PAR] 6 Games that it took for Alvechurch to beat Oxford City in the fourth qualifying round in 1971, the scores being 2-2, 1-1, 1-1, 0-0, 0-0 and (finally) 1-0. The FA Cup's longest ever tie lasted for an aggregate of 11 hours. [PAR] 6 The number worn by Manchester United's Kevin Moran when he became the first player to be sent off in a Cup final, against Everton in 1985. [PAR] 7 Years that Portsmouth were the FA Cup holders between 1939 and 1946, because of the Second World War. [PAR] 8 Times that the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1960: The year of independence - France 24 1960: The year of independence - France 24 [PAR] 1960: The year of independence [PAR] Text by FRANCE 24 Follow france24_en on twitter [PAR] Latest update : 2010-02-16 [PAR] Between January and December of 1960, 17 sub-Saharan African nations, including 14 former French colonies, gained independence from their former European colonists. FRANCE24.com takes a look back on an eventful year. [PAR] The rise to independence of 17 sub-Saharan African countries in 1960 is in part the result of a long process that began fifteen years earlier in the tumult of World War II. [PAR] At the end of the war, Africans involved in pro-independence movements put pressure on colonial powers, reminding them of promises made to secure their support in the war effort. The colonising countries, chaperoned by the United States, were thus obliged to let their colonies go. [PAR] In 1944 in Brazzaville, General de Gaulle suggested that it was time for France to take \u201cthe road of a new era\u201d. Two years later, the French colonial empire was replaced by the French Union, which in turn became the French Community in 1958. [PAR] At the same time on the African continent, Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan, Ghana, and Guinea won their independence, while the unrest in Algeria continued to exhaust and damage France\u2019s reputation. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] CAMEROON \u2013 January 1. A former German colony divided between France and the United Kingdom in 1918, Cameroon acquired its independence thanks to armed movements. Less than a year after the United Nations announced the end of French control, French Cameroon proclaimed its independence. The following year, the southern part of the country, under British control, merged with the north. On May 5, 1960, Ahmadou Ahidjo was elected as the country\u2019s first president. [PAR] [PAR] Sylvanus Olympio (AFP) [PAR] TOGO \u2013 April 27. A former German colony subsequently under French and British mandates following World War I. The part of the country administered by the French had a status of \u201cassociated territory\u201d in the French Union established in 1946. The country became an autonomous republic (within the French Union) by referendum in 1956. In February 1958, victory for the the Togolese Unity Committee, a nationalist movement, in legislative elections opened the way to independence. Elected first president of the republic, Sylvanus Olympio was later killed in January 1963 during a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat. [PAR] [PAR] MADAGASCAR \u2013 June 26. A French overseas territory as of 1946, this island was proclaimed an autonomous state within the French Community in 1958. In 1960, President Philibert Tsiranana succeeded in convincing General de Gaulle to grant Madagascar total sovereignty and, in doing so, became the first president of the republic. [PAR] Patrice Lumumba (AFP) [PAR] [PAR] DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO \u2013 June 30. In January 1959, under the leadership of Patrice Lumumba, riots broke out in L\u00e9opoldville (now Kinshasa) in what was then known as the Belgian Congo. Belgian authorities called the main Congolese leaders to Brussels and decided to withdraw from the country, fearing a war of independence similar to the one that was ravaging Algeria at the time. Belgian Congo thus became the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and would later temporarily be called Zaire under the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko. [PAR] [PAR] SOMALIA \u2013 July 1. A former Italian colony, Somalia merged on the day it became independent with the former British protectorate of Somaliland in 1960 to form the Somali Republic. Somaliland had itself gained its full sovereignty five days earlier. The objective was to reconstitute the \u201cGreater Somalia\u201d of the pre-colonial"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ex-CIA Agent Robert Baer, Inspiration for 'Syriana' : NPR Ex-CIA Agent Robert Baer, Inspiration for 'Syriana' : NPR [PAR] Ex-CIA Agent Robert Baer, Inspiration for 'Syriana' [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Ex-CIA Agent Robert Baer, Inspiration for 'Syriana' [PAR] Ex-CIA Agent Robert Baer, Inspiration for 'Syriana' [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] Former CIA officer Robert Baer's book See No Evil inspired the new film Syriana, about the Middle East, the oil industry and espionage. Baer discusses the film and separates cinematic fact from fiction. [PAR] ROBERT SIEGEL, host: [PAR] George Clooney's compelling new movie \"Syriana\" is about oil, the Middle East, corporate greed, oil, espionage, intrigue, oil, assassination, terrorism and--Did I mention?--oil. At the end of this movie, you want to go out and buy a hybrid car, and you also want to sit down with whomever you saw it with to try to figure out what screenwriter/director Stephen Gaghan has told interviewers is a purposely confusing narrative. \"Syriana\" was inspired by the book \"See No Evil\" by former CIA Agent Robert Baer. Bob Baer is the inspriation for George Clooney's character, CIA Agent Bob Barnes, who at one point goes to Beirut and meets with an old acquaintance to talk about a visitor from an oil-rich sheikdom. [PAR] (Soundbite of \"Syriana\") [PAR] Unidentified Man: He's traveling to Beirut. It's dangerous to travel. He'll disappear. [PAR] Mr. GEORGE CLOONEY: (As Bob Barnes) I want you to take him from his hotel, drug him, put him in the front of a car and run a truck into it 50 miles an hour. [PAR] Unidentified Man: It's good to have you back in town, Bob. [PAR] SIEGEL: Well, when we heard that the real-life Bob Baer was back in our building, we thought we'd ask him about the movie that his writing inspired and help us sort out some CIA fact from cinematic fiction. [PAR] Welcome back to the program. [PAR] Mr. ROBERT BAER (Former CIA Officer): Thanks for having me. [PAR] SIEGEL: First, how big a role did you have in writing this story of \"Syriana\"? [PAR] Mr. BAER: Zero role. That was all done by Stephen Gaghan, who wrote \"Traffic,\" as you know. I had more of a role in introducing him to that world. We traveled around the Middle East probably for almost two months--oil conferences. We saw the spiritual head of Hezbollah. We saw oil dealers in Nice(ph), arms dealers--everybody you can imagine, so he could pick up the voices. And then I told him a lot of stories that weren't in my book, which in one way or another found their way into the movie. [PAR] SIEGEL: OK. Let's hear from you about some things that happened in the movie and whether they're historical or plausible. Bob Barnes, the George Clooney character--we just heard him in Beirut talking with an old acquaintance, I guess a former CIA contractor. And they're talking about the abduction of this independent-minded prince from an oil-producing state of the Middle East. Plausible--such things have really happened, or a good fiction writer's conceit? [PAR] Mr. BAER: It's more than plausible. It happened to me. In 1997 when I left the agency, I resigned; showed up in Beirut, and there was a contract out on a Gulf prince. It was open, and people knew about it. He was hiding in Syria at the time. He opposed his government. He was a cousin of the emir of his government. He was a bit of a, you know, red-diaper prince. He tried a coup in 1995 and was trying again in 1997, and there"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eye Problem - Third eyelid up, Horner's Syndrome - VetInfo Eye Problem - Third eyelid up, Horner's Syndrome [PAR] Eye Problem - Third eyelid up, Horner's Syndrome [PAR] Read More \u00bb [PAR] , [PAR] Michael Richards, D.V.M. co-owns a small animal general veterinary practice in rural tidewater Virginia. Dr. Richards graduated from Iowa State University's College of Veterinary Medicine in 1979, and has been in private practice ever since. Dr. Richards has been the director of the PetCare Forum... [PAR] Follow On: [PAR] Dr. Michael Richards , [PAR] Michael Richards, D.V.M. co-owns a small animal general veterinary practice in rural tidewater Virginia. Dr. Richards graduated from Iowa State University's College of Veterinary Medicine in 1979, and has been in private practice ever since. Dr. Richards has been the director of the PetCare Forum... [PAR] , [PAR] Email [PAR] Question: Hi Dr. Mike, I searched your site for third eye problems and I am interested in Haw's syndrome. I have a cat that seems healthy in all ways except that for the past several days he has had both his third eyes one third the way up. He jumps and plays, eats great, and there is no discharge or obvious irritation to the eyes and no light sensitivity. I am just wondering if there are any infections or treatable causes that would only have this symptom. Haw's seems the likey cause, but there is no treatment except tincture of time I understand. What causes the Sympathetic nerve irritation? The other two cats (they are all close and sleep together) are unaffected. I must find a new Vet in my area since my own closed her practice recently. I am just wondering if I need to find a new Vet fast or do some watchful waiting. I found a site belonging to http://www.eyevet.ca/ a Vet ophthamologist, but not much else on Haw's. Thanks much. Dr. Debbie [PAR] Answer: Dr. Debbie- [PAR] Haw's syndrome, bilateral elevation of the third eyelids that is not due to dehydration, is thought to be caused by a problem with the autonomic nervous system. It can occur in conjunction with gastrointestinal disease, especially tapeworms and possibly other GI parasites, and has been linked to a torovirus by some researchers (Papasouliotis 1996) due to finding this virus in cats with chronic diarrhea and elevation of the third eyelids. In this article the authors state that Haw's syndrome may persist for as long as six months and that there is no effective treatment. [PAR] Since cats do eventually recover, the lack of a treatment doesn't seem as important as it might otherwise. Supposedly, putting phenylephrine drops in the eyes will cause the third eyelids to return to normal positioning in cats with Haw's syndrome but I have never actually tried this to see if it works. If tapeworms are contributing to the problem deworming may resolve it and is probably worth considering as a diagnostic test since tapeworms can be hard to find if segments are not being passed at the present time. [PAR] Chlamydiosis and herpes virus infection are sometimes associated with bilateral elevation of the third eyelids but they usually have obvious ocular signs associated with them, as well. [PAR] Bilateral Horner's syndrome sometimes occurs, but this should produce miotic pupils on both sides. It may be hard to discern that this is present. Horner's syndrome occurs due to damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, anywhere along its path, which includes the chest, the neck, the brain and the local eye area. As long as there isn't a space occupying lesion in the chest, Horner's syndrome"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Grapes of Wrath \u2013 10 surprising facts about John ... The Grapes of Wrath: 10 surprising facts about John Steinbeck's novel [PAR] The Grapes of Wrath: 10 surprising facts about John Steinbeck's novel [PAR] John Steinbeck's 1939 novel The Grapes of Wrath won the Pulitzer Prize Credit: AP [PAR] Martin Chilton , Culture Editor [PAR] 16 September 2015 \u2022 1:13pm [PAR] John Steinbeck, who was born on February 27, 1902, was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1962. His 1939 book The Grapes of Wrath, published 75 years ago on April 14, has sold more than 14 million copies in the past 75 years. Here are 10 things about the novel that may surprise you. [PAR] The book gave Route 66 its nickname [PAR] In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck became the first writer to refer to Route 66 \u2013 the two-lane, 2,448-mile-road that connects Chicago to Los Angeles \u2013 as the \"Mother Road\". In doing so, he helped capture the road\u2019s image of redemption and turn it into a cultural icon. The fictional Joad family of the novel was an example of the thousands of people migrating to California to escape the despair of the Dust Bowl states, and many used Route 66. \"66 is the mother road,\" Steinbeck wrote, \"the road of flight.\" [PAR] John Steinbeck in 1962 Credit: AP [PAR] His novel was burned and banned [PAR] The Associated Farmers of California dismissed the novel as a \"pack of lies\" and \"communist propaganda\". The book was briefly banned in the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin, because the ruling Communist Party was troubled by the thought that it showed that even the most destitute Americans could afford a car. Steinbeck received death threats and the FBI put him under surveillance. The book was banned in many libraries and copies were symbolically burned in towns across America. When WB Camp, one of the most successful cotton producers in California, presided over its burning in Bakersfield, he said: ''We are angry, not because we were attacked but because we were attacked by a book obscene in the extreme sense of the word.'' [PAR] It came out on a Friday [PAR] The book was published on Friday April 14, 1939, on the same day that the film Wuthering Heights, starring Laurence Olivier, had its premiere in New York. It was also the day that President Roosevelt wrote to Hitler to say: \"Are you willing to give assurance that your armed forces will not attack or invade the territory or possessions of the following independent nations?\" with a list that included Poland, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Ireland. [PAR] Writing the book stretched Steinbeck's nerves [PAR] The novel was written over five months (June-October 1938) and his diaries (Working Days: The Journal of The Grapes of Wrath) show a man losing control and confidence. He was writing shortly after the death of his brother-in-law and it was a time in his life when he was plagued by doubts about the prospect of war and worries over the sale of his house in California. \"Did ever a book get written under such excitement,\" he wrote. \"My whole nervous system is battered. I hope I\u2019m not headed for a nervous breakdown. My nerves are going fast. . . I wish I could just disappear for a while. So many things to drive me nuts. I\u2019m afraid this book is going to pieces. If it does, I do too.\" When it was finished he wrote: \"It isn't the great book I had hoped it would be. It's just a run-of-the-mill book.\""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sharm Excursions in Sharm el Sheikh | Tours, Day Trips ... Sharm Excursions in Sharm el Sheikh | Tours, Day Trips & Excursions [PAR] MENU CLOSE back [PAR] Welcome to Go Sharm Tours [PAR] Are you planning to spend your holiday in Sharm el Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba, Taba or Cairo? And wish to know which Sharm Excursions are availabe here etc.? [PAR] There are a lot of things to do in Sharm el Sheikh and many Sharm Excursions including many regions of Egypt, and here at Go Sharm Tours we endeavor to offer unique and specialised Sharm Excursions. [PAR] If you wish to book excursions in Sharm el Sheikh or one of the above mentioned destinations, or want to book Transfers to or from Sharm el Sheikh airport or Cairo airport and/or book hotels in Sharm el Sheikh, then look no further as Go Sharm Tours can provide all of these services direct to you by local experts without the stress. With Go Sharm Tours you will experience first hand, the country and its people along with the best Sharm Excursions. [PAR] Most favorite and booked excursions in Sharm el Sheikh [PAR] CAIRO BY AIR 1 DAY [PAR] A Wonderful Excursion from Sharm el Sheikh to Cairo by Air to explore Cairo sightseeing such as Pyramids of Giza, Sphinx, Egyptian Museum and much more things to see! [PAR] STAR GAZING, CAMEL RIDE, DINNER & SHOW [PAR] Enjoy this amazing safari trip from Sharm into the desert of Sinai, we combine Stargazing and Camel Riding with Bedouin Dinner and Oriental Show [PAR] RAS MOHAMMED BY BOAT \u2013 SNORKELING [PAR] Experience the amazing Snorkeling tour to Ras Mohammed, snorkel at 3 different sites and enjoy the relaxing boat trip [PAR] SWIMMING WITH DOLPHINS [PAR] Swimming with Dolphins in Sharm el Sheikh is an unique adventure, get to swim, touch, play and dance with these intelligent creatures, don\u2019t miss this opportunity! [PAR] We recommend these Excursions for you! [PAR] CAIRO BY AIR 1 DAY [PAR] A Wonderful Excursion from Sharm el Sheikh to Cairo by Air to explore Cairo sightseeing such as Pyramids of Giza, Sphinx, Egyptian Museum and much more things to see [PAR] LUXOR BY AIR 1 DAY [PAR] Join the trip from Sharm el Sheikh to Luxor by air, explore the magnificence of Karnak Temple, Valley of the Kings, Hatshepsut Temple and much more [PAR] PETRA BY BOAT 1 DAY [PAR] Enjoy the Excursion from Sharm el Sheikh to Petra in Jordan, visit the Sightseeing in Canyon and walk through the fantastic landscape of Petra [PAR] SUPER QUAD BIKING, CAMEL, DINNER & SHOW [PAR] Fantastic 4 \u00d7 1 Safari excursion from Sharm, explore Quad Biking and Camel Riding in the desert along with a delicious Bedouin Dinner and Oriental Show [PAR] Copy Right to Go Sharm Tours - All rights reserved"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fort Lauderdale Wildlife Control Info - AAAnimal Control Fort Lauderdale Wildlife in Florida Rodent Snake Mouse Squirrel Bat Armadillo [PAR] Types of Wildlife and Animal Problems in Fort Lauderdale, FL [PAR] Fort Lauderdale Wildlife Control Info [PAR] If you need a professional wildlife trapper in Fort Lauderdale, FL call TruTech, Inc.: 954-372-1195 [PAR] FL State bird: Northern mockingbird [PAR] State mammal: Florida panther, manatee, dolphin [PAR] State reptile: Loggerhead sea turtle [PAR] State amphibian: N/A [PAR] State fish: Florida largemouth bass, Atlantic sailfish [PAR] State insect: Zebra longwing Butterfly [PAR] Florida is a warm, southern state with everything from orange trees to a large, central swamp known as The Everglades. As you might imagine, this makes for a variety of interesting creatures both land-loving and aquatic. In fact, Florida is so appealing to animals, species not native to the state have been able to move in and thrive. The perfect examples of this are the Burmese Python and the red-tail boa constrictors. These snakes are not native to North America, but so many were released of escape into the Florida wild that a breeding population was spotted in The Everglades. This is not necessarily a good thing, as many native creatures-raccoons and small mammals in particular-have begun to vanish from that region of the state. Not even a smaller alligator can always withstand an attack from the Burmese Python. [PAR] Alligators are used to being at the top of the food chain, and because of this the large reptiles are often nuisances around homes, where people fear attacks on themselves and pets. Particularly dangerous are alligators over 8 feet, during the mating season in May. Florida's suburbs are often surrounded by water, and alligators make good use of the man-made channels and canals around the region. Another problematic reptile is the iguana, which is significantly smaller than the alligator but large enough in its own right. [PAR] The warm climate in this state means reptiles and amphibians are plentiful. Florida has four venomous species of snakes, all of which can sneak into a yard at any moment. However, they are relatively rare. They include the Eastern Diamondback, the Pigmy Rattler, the Eastern Coral Snake, and the Cottonmouth, or Water Moccasin. Cottonmouth snakes are drawn to water-something most homes have in Florida. Thankfully, most snakes will move out of a lawn after a day or so. Some of these snakes like to live in the water, adding to the list of semi-aquatic animals that can become problematic. Other water-loving pests include beavers, otters, and muskrats. Nutria, another semi-aquatic rodent, are another example of a non-native species moving in and making itself at home. [PAR] One animal people don't think much about when they think of Florida is the armadillo. This little creature is not just a problem for the south central states. Florida has armadillos, too, probably more per area than any other state, because they thrive in FL's sandy soil, and they will cause just as much damage in Florida as any other state. They keep several burrows, and dig up lawns as they search for worms and grubs. [PAR] Due to the variety of landscapes in this state, Florida also has some large land predators. The Florida panther, an endangered species, is not usually a nuisance animal. It is rarely spotted. What the panther lacks in pest-ability, the black bear makes up for. The surge of tourists into the state has made black bears bold about raiding garbage cans and invading campgrounds. However, black bear attacks on people are rare. [PAR] [PAR] Fort Lauderdale Raccoons: [PAR] This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] South Carolina - U.S. States - HISTORY.com South Carolina - U.S. States - HISTORY.com [PAR] South Carolina [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] Settled by the English in 1670, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. constitution in 1788.Itsearly economy was largely agricultural, benefitting from thearea\u2019s fertile soil,andplantation farmersrelied on theslave trade for cheap labor to maximize their profits. By 1730,people of African descent made up two thirds of the colony\u2019spopulation. South Carolinabecame the first state to secede from the union in 1861, and was the site of the first shots of the Civil War\u2013the shellingof the federally heldFort Sumter by Confederate troops on April 12, 1861. Today, South Carolina coastline near Myrtle Beach has developed into one of the premiere resort destinations on the East Coast, and has over 100 golf courses. Famous South Carolinians include musicians James Brown, Chubby Checker and Dizzy Gillespie, novelist Pat Conroy, boxer Joe Frazier, tennis champion Althea Gibson, politician Jesse Jackson and long-serving U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond. [PAR] Date of Statehood: May 23, 1788 [PAR] Capital: Columbia [PAR] Motto: Dum Spiro Spero (While I Breathe, I Hope) [PAR] Tree: Palmetto [PAR] Bird: Carolina Wren [PAR] Interesting Facts [PAR] Charleston welcomed a shipment of golf balls and clubs from Scotland as early as 1743. On September 29, 1786, the South Carolina Golf Club was formed and, within the same year, America\u2019s first golf course was established on Harleston Green. In 2011, there were more than 350 golf courses within the state of South Carolina. [PAR] After capturing Columbia on February 17, 1865, Union soldiers under General William Tecumseh Sherman burned and destroyed more than two-thirds of the city. Due to scarce funding following the war, the new State House was not rebuilt until 1903. [PAR] On November 2, 1954, former governor Strom Thurmond became the first person to be elected to the U.S. Senate as a write-in candidate, winning 63 percent of the vote. Thurmond served the state of South Carolina as senator for 47 years, five months and eight days. [PAR] In 2000, the Confederate flag was removed from the dome on top of the State House and placed on the grounds near the Confederate Soldier Monument in response to a NAACP boycott of the state and protests over its legacy. More than 10 years later, the flag\u2019s location continues to be the subject of ongoing controversy. [PAR] The only commercial tea plantation in the contiguous 48 states is on Wadmalaw Island, near Charleston, South Carolina. [PAR] The palmetto tree has been an important icon of South Carolina since the American Revolutionary War. When the British attacked a fort on Sullivan\u2019s Island, near Charleston, the cannonballs bounced off the spongy palmetto logs used to build the exterior wall. [PAR] Tags[DOC] [TLE] Reference Map of South Carolina, USA - Nations Online Project Reference Map of South Carolina, USA - Nations Online Project [PAR] ___ Reference Map of South Carolina (SC) [PAR] South Carolina Map [PAR] South Carolina is a state in the southeastern United States, it is bordered to the north and north east by North Carolina . The Savannah River formes a natural border with Georgia in the south and west, and the Atlantic Ocean in south east. The states nickname is \"The Palmetto State\". [PAR] South Carolina joined the Union on 23rd May 1788 as the 8th state, it was one of the original 13 founding states. [PAR] The region of what is today South Carolina was permanently settled by the English from 1663. SC was separated from North Carolina in 1729. In 1860, it was the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TRY - Turkish Lira rates, news, and tools - XE.com TRY - Turkish Lira rates, news, and tools [PAR] TRY - Turkish Lira [PAR] Turkey, Lira [PAR] The Turkish Lira is the currency of Turkey. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Turkey Lira exchange rate is the TRY to EUR rate . The currency code for Lira is TRY, and the currency symbol is [PAR] . Below, you'll find Turkish Lira rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take TRY rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website.[DOC] [TLE] What currency to take to Turkey - Istanbul Forum - TripAdvisor What currency to take to Turkey - Istanbul Forum - TripAdvisor [PAR] What currency to take to Turkey - Istanbul Forum [PAR] Review a place you\u2019ve visited [PAR] JOIN [PAR] Which Istanbul hotels are on sale? [PAR] mm/dd/yyyy mm/dd/yyyy [PAR] What currency to take to Turkey [PAR] Feb 08, 2011, 10:47 PM [PAR] I am totally confused about what currency to use in Turkey. [PAR] We travel from New Zealand to London for 2 days then on to Istanbul and Gallipoli [PAR] Our Banks here do not deal in Turkish Lira and advise US dollars but all the forums I have read have conflicting advice. [PAR] What should we do-purchase euros or sterling or dollars here in New Zealand and change in either London or Istanbul or can we use any of these currencies in Turkey [PAR] If exchange is the best option where is the best place to exchange. [PAR] Also is visa widely accepted in Turkey [PAR] HELP [PAR] Auckland Region, North Island, New Zealand [PAR] See all 2 [PAR] Travelers interested in this topic also viewed... [PAR] Show Prices [PAR] 1. Re: What currency to take to Turkey [PAR] Feb 08, 2011, 11:30 PM [PAR] Find out what currency your hotel will accept. My hotel accepts USD or Euros, and they quote the room rate in Euros. I carry enough cash to pay my hotel bill on the day of my arrival. Most hotels give a 10% discount for cash. I would purchase enough USD or Euros to pay my hotel bill unless your hotel will take your currency. [PAR] For the rest of my financial needs in Istanbul I use my Visa card (for restaurant meals and purchases over $10USD to $20USD) I use my ATM card to withdraw enough TL to pay for other items such as entrance fees, tram, metro, ferry and bus fares, taxi fares, and the odd little items you pick up from here and there. [PAR] I do not exchange my currency in the US, and rarely in Turkey. I just use my ATM to withdraw enough TL to last for several days. If you use your ATM and plan to use your Visa be sure to alert the fraud department(s) of your bank(s) so they do not freeze your cards for fraudulent use. [PAR] You can locate an ATM right in the airport so you can have TL before you walk out the door. [PAR] I hate ATMs and resisted this method until I truly could not cash a traveler's check, but it is the easiest way to get the proper currency in Turkey, and in spite of my hesitation, nothing out of the ordinary has ever happened to us with Turkish ATMs. [PAR] If you decide to exchange your Australian currency for TL there are exchange places through out the city. Your hotel staff"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sebastiano Carezo - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia Sebastiano Carezo - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [PAR] I Live my life to the Fullest!!! coz you know you only get one !!! [PAR] Sebastiano Carezo [PAR] Occupation ballet dancer [PAR] Name Sebastiano Carezo [PAR] Sebastiano Carezo, also known as Sebastian Cerezo, is a Spanish dancer credited with inventing the Spanish dance Bolero in 1780. [PAR] He is from Cadiz, Spain.[DOC] [TLE] History of Bolero Dance - Dance History Articles History of Bolero Dance - Dance History Articles [PAR] History of Bolero Dance [PAR] Tell me who admires you and loves you, and I will tell you who you are. -Charles Augustin Sainte-Beauve [PAR] History of Bolero Dance [PAR] History of Bolero Dance [PAR] Bolero is a genre of slow-tempo Latin music and its associated dance. There are Spanish and Cuban forms which are both significant and which have separate origins. [PAR] The term is also used for some art music. In all its forms, the bolero has been popular for over a century. [PAR] Bolero rhythm [PAR] The bolero is a 3/4 dance that originated in Spain in the late 18th century, a combination of the contradanza and the sevillana. Dancer Sebastiano Carezo is credited with inventing the dance in 1780. It is danced by either a soloist or a couple. It is in a moderately slow tempo and is performed to music which is sung and accompanied by castanets and guitars with lyrics of five to seven syllables in each of four lines per verse. It is in triple time and usually has a triplet on the second beat of each bar. [PAR] Cuba [PAR] In Cuba, the bolero is perhaps the first great Cuban musical and vocal synthesis to win universal recognition. In 3/4 time, this dance music spread to other countries, leaving behind what Ed Morales has called the \"most popular lyric tradition in Latin America\". [PAR] The Cuban bolero tradition originated in Santiago de Cuba in the last quarter of the 19th century; it does not owe its origin to the Spanish music and song of the same name. In the 19th century there grew up in Santiago de Cuba a group of itinerant musicians who moved around earning their living by singing and playing the guitar. [PAR] Pepe Sanchez is known as the father of the trova style and the creator of the Cuban bolero. Untrained, but with remarkable natural talent, he composed numbers in his head and never wrote them down. As a result, most of these numbers are now lost, but two dozen or so survive because friends and disciples wrote them down. He was the model and teacher for the great trovadores who followed. [PAR] The Cuban bolero has traveled to Mexico and the rest of Latin America after its conception, where it became part of their repertoires. Some of the bolero's leading composers have come from nearby countries, most especially the prolific Puerto Rican composer Rafael Hern\ufffdndez; another example is Mexico's Agust\ufffdn Lara. Some Cuban composers of the bolero are listed under Trova. [PAR] Bolero fusions [PAR] Jos\ufffd Loyola comments that the frequent fusions of the bolero with other Cuban rhythms is one of the reasons it has been so fertile for such a long period of time: [PAR] \"La adaptaci\ufffdn y fusi\ufffdn del bolero con otros g\ufffdneros de la m\ufffdsica popular bailable ha contribuido al desarrollo del mismo, y a su vigencia y contemporaneidad.\" [PAR] (The adaptation and fusion of the bolero with other types of popular dance music has contributed to their development, and to its endurance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Color Television History - Inventors The Development of Color Television [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 16, 2016. [PAR] Color television history goes back to 1904, when a German patent contained the earliest recorded proposal for a color television system. And in 1925, Vladimir K. Zworykin , a Russian inventor, filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic color television system. Both of these systems were not successful, however, they were the first for color television. [PAR] Color Televisions and RCA [PAR] Between 1946 and 1950 the research staff of RCA Laboratories invented the world's first electronic, monochrome compatible, color television system. A successful color television system began commercial broadcasting, first authorized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 17, 1953, based on a system designed by RCA. [PAR] In 1940, prior to RCA, CBS researchers led by Peter Goldmark invented a mechanical color television system based on the 1928 designs of John Logie Baird. The FCC authorized CBS's color television technology as the national standard in October of 1950, despite the fact that the system was bulky, flickered, and was not compatible with earlier black-and-white sets. [PAR] RCA sued to stop the public broadcasting of CBS-based systems. CBS had begun color broadcasting on five east coast stations in June of 1951. However, at that time 10.5 million black-and-white televisions (half RCA sets) had been sold to the public and very few color sets. Color television production was halted during the Korean war, with that and the lawsuits, and the sluggish sales, the CBS system failed. [PAR] Those factors provided RCA with the time to design a better color television, which they based on the 1947 patent application of Alfred Schroeder, for a shadow mask CRT. Their system passed FCC approval in late 1953 and sales of RCA color televisions began in 1954. [PAR] The Story of Color Television [PAR] Early color telecasts could be preserved only on the black-and-white kinescope process introduced in 1947. But in September 1956, NBC began using color film to time-delay and preserve some of its live color telecasts. A company called Ampex made a color videotape recorder in 1958, which NBC used to tape An Evening With Fred Astaire, the oldest surviving network color videotape. And in 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower visited the an NBC station in Washington, D.C. and gave a speech dicussing the new technology's merits. His speech was recorded in color, and a copy of this videotape was given to the Library of Congress. [PAR] NBC made the first coast-to-coast color broadcast when it telecast the Tournament of Roses Parade on January 1, 1954. But it was the premier of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color in September 1961, that created a turning point, persuading consumers to go out and purchase color televisions. [PAR] Television broadcasting stations and networks in most parts of the world upgraded from black-and-white TVs to color transmission in the 1960s and 1970s. By 1979, even the last of these had converted to color and by the early 1980s, black-and-white sets were mostly small portable sets or those used as video monitor screens in lower-cost consumer equipment. By the late 1980s, even these areas switched to color sets."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Luciano Pavarotti - Biography - RoGallery.com Luciano Pavarotti - Biography [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti, Italian (1935 - 2007) [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [lu\u02c8t\u0283ano pava\u02c8r\u0254tti]; 12 October 1935 \u2013 6 September 2007) was an Italian operatic tenor who also crossed over into popular music, eventually becoming one of the most commercially successful tenors of all time. He made numerous recordings of complete operas and individual arias, gaining worldwide fame for the brilliance and beauty of his tone\u2014especially into the upper register\u2014and eventually established himself as one of the finest tenors of the 20th century. [PAR] As one of the Three Tenors, Pavarotti became well known for his televised concerts and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of \"Nessun dorma\" at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre-Aida Verdi roles, and Puccini works such as La boh\u00e8me, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross, amongst others. He died from pancreatic cancer on 6 September 2007. [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti was born in 1935 on the outskirts of Modena in Northern Italy, the son of Fernando Pavarotti, a baker and amateur tenor, and Adele Venturi, a cigar factory worker. Although he spoke fondly of his childhood, the family had little money; its four members were crowded into a two-room apartment. According to Pavarotti, his father had a fine tenor voice but rejected the possibility of a singing career because of nervousness. World War II forced the family out of the city in 1943. For the following year they rented a single room from a farmer in the neighbouring countryside, where the young Pavarotti developed an interest in farming. [PAR] After abandoning the dream of becoming a football goalkeeper, Pavarotti spent seven years in vocal training. Pavarotti's earliest musical influences were his father's recordings, most of them featuring the popular tenors of the day \u2013 Beniamino Gigli, Giovanni Martinelli, Tito Schipa, and Enrico Caruso. Pavarotti's favourite tenor and idol was Giuseppe Di Stefano and he was also deeply influenced by Mario Lanza, saying: \"In my teens I used to go to Mario Lanza movies and then come home and imitate him in the mirror\". At around the age of nine he began singing with his father in a small local church choir. [PAR] After what appears to have been a normal childhood with a typical interest in sports\u2014in Pavarotti's case football above all, he graduated from the Scuola Magistrale and faced the dilemma of a career choice. He was interested in pursuing a career as a professional football goalkeeper, but his mother convinced him to train as a teacher. He subsequently taught in an elementary school for two years but finally allowed his interest in music to win out. Recognising the risk involved, his father gave his consent only reluctantly. [PAR] Pavarotti began the serious study of music in 1954 at the age of 19 with Arrigo Pola, a respected teacher and professional tenor in Modena who offered to teach him without remuneration. [PAR] According to conductor Richard Bonynge, Pavarotti never learned to read music. [PAR] In 1955, he experienced his first singing success when he was a member of the Corale Rossini, a male voice choir from Modena that also included his father, which won first prize at the International Eisteddfod in Llangollen, Wales. He later said that this was the most important experience of his life, and that it inspired"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] James Herriot's Animal Stories by James Herriot \u2014 Reviews ... James Herriot's Animal Stories by James Herriot \u2014 Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists [PAR] Shelves: books-i-own , animals , 2012-bookshelf , non-fiction , books-darren-bought-me [PAR] This was the third book that I read for my read-a-thon last weekend in the Goodreads group You'll love this one...!! A book club & more and it was by far my favourite read of the read-a-thon. Last year around this time I read my first James Herriot book and I've loved his writing ever since. [PAR] In this short book James Herriot told some old stories as well as some new ones. I really enjoyed reading the stories I've already read about some of the animals Tricki Woo in particular I think that sto This was the third book that I read for my read-a-thon last weekend in the Goodreads group You'll love this one...!! A book club & more and it was by far my favourite read of the read-a-thon. Last year around this time I read my first James Herriot book and I've loved his writing ever since. [PAR] In this short book James Herriot told some old stories as well as some new ones. I really enjoyed reading the stories I've already read about some of the animals Tricki Woo in particular I think that story is probably one of my favourites of his because it's such a cute story.As for the new stories, it was nice to be introduced to new animals because I think each of the different stories about his 4-legged patients is like a little gift. [PAR] As always James Herriot's writing was a delight. Every time I pick up one of his books I know I will be entertained. His stories about his experiences as a Yorkshire vet are wonderfully heartwarming and charming and they are definitely books I will always turn too when I need a good old fashioned comfort read. [PAR] I would recommend this book to everyone young or old. I think that this book would be a great read aloud book that both the reader and audience but most of all I think all animal lovers should give James Herriot's books a try because they'll make you appreciate your pets just a wee bit more. Plus this book and all the others I've read by him are quick reads and in my opinion are meant to be read on a day where snuggling up with a good book, a hot beverage and your pets is the only thing you want to do. I can't wait to read my next James Herriot book. Hopefully I can get to one before Christmas which by the way his books would make the perfect Christmas gift for! ...more [PAR] Shelves: tear-jerkers , classics [PAR] This review is for all the Harriot books I read. I first read All Creatures Great and Small in high school. I was intimidated at first because well, it starts out with the birth of a calf. I didn't know if I could continue on (He goes into a lot of detail about that birth!) I finished it, and got an A on the quiz for the book. Then, I decided to read more of his series, because they were just so comical and well written. Unfortunately, I couldn't read those for a grade... just entertainment. [PAR] I'v This review is for all the Harriot books I read. I first read All Creatures Great and Small in high school. I was intimidated at first because well, it starts out with the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SACKBOY.EXE! | Little Big Planet 3 CREEPYPASTA Multiplayer ... SACKBOY.EXE! | Little Big Planet 3 CREEPYPASTA Multiplayer (13) - YouRepeat [PAR] Add our chrome extension to repeat YouTube videos at the click of a button [PAR] SACKBOY.EXE! | Little Big Planet 3 CREEPYPASTA Multiplayer (13) [PAR] Choose your time range using the slider. [PAR] Start: [PAR] Use this link to share your repeat [PAR] GIF Creation Settings [PAR] Separate tags with commas or press enter (max 5 tags) [PAR] Quick GIF Create [PAR] Derpy Snowman & Bomb Survival! | Little Big Planet 3 Multiplayer (20) [PAR] LittleBigPlanet [PAR] LittleBigPlanet, commonly abbreviated LBP, is a puzzle platform video game series created by Media Molecule and published by Sony Computer Entertainment on multiple PlayStation platforms. The series follows the adventures of Sackboy and has a large emphasis on gameplay rather than being story-driven. All of the games in the series put a strong emphasis on user-generated content and are based on the series' tagline \"Play, Create, Share\". The tagline represents the three core elements of the series; Playing alone or with others online or on the same console, creating new content using the in-game creation tools and sharing creations and discoveries online with other players. Tarsier Studios, Fireproof Studios and Supermassive Games also contribute to the development of the PlayStation 3 games, creating in-game assets including costumes, backgrounds and stickers. The series comprises five games across three gaming platforms. The series was launched in 2008 with the PlayStation 3 game, LittleBigPlanet which was followed in 2009 by a PlayStation Portable version of the same name initially developed by SCE Studio Liverpool but later handed to SCE Cambridge Studio. The sequel to the PlayStation 3 version, LittleBigPlanet 2, was released in January 2011 alongside a smaller spin-off title called Sackboy's Prehistoric Moves. A PlayStation Vita game was developed by Tarsier Studios and Double Eleven, released in September 2012. The games are all published by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Canada Population (2016) - World Population Review Canada Population (2016) - World Population Review [PAR] World Population Review [PAR] Canada Population 2016 [PAR] [[getCurrentPopulation()]] [PAR] In 2016, Canada has an estimated population of 36.04 million, which ranks 38th in the world. Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area and the largest North American country. Canada extends from the Pacific to the Atlantic and north to the Arctic Ocean. The United States-Canadian border is the longest land border in the world. [PAR] Canada's most recent census was conducted in 2016, but the official results will not be released until early 2017. Prior to 2016, the last census was completed in Canada on May 10 2011. Preliminary figures released on 8 February 2012 showed that the officially recorded population of Canada was 33,476,688. Canada is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world, with much of its land inhospitable. The country's population density is under 4 people per square kilometer, which ranks 228th in the world. [PAR] Rapid Population Growth [PAR] As you can see from the chart below, Canada's population has tripled since the 1940s, growing from 11 million at the time of the second world war to over 36 million today. [PAR] Population growth has been fairly consistent over the past fifty years and shows no sign of slowing. Between the last census in 2006 and 2011, the number of people in Canada increased by an impressive 5.9%. Current estimates show that the population has increased an addition 7.5% since 2011. [PAR] Canada's growth is fueled largely by immigration. In fact, relative to its size, Canada is the largest importer of human capital in the Group of Eight, attracting even more immigrants per capita than the USA. Natural population growth, by contrast, accounts for only around one-tenth of Canada's overall population increase each year. Worldwide, Canada is 9th in crude net migration rate. [PAR] Given the large geographical area of Canada and its relative affluence, it is likely that its population will continue to grow rapidly for decades to come, leading some to speculate as to what a Canada of 100 million people might look like, and whether increased population combined with unrivaled access to natural resources would make Canada a global superpower. [PAR] Canada's Population by Province and Territory [PAR] The census results also show the population of each Canadian province and territory. More than half of Canadians live in just two provinces; Ontario, where one in three Canadians live, and Quebec where almost a quarter of Canadians live. The combined population of Canada's three territories (Northwest, Yukon and Nunavut) is less than the population of Canada's smallest province (Prince Edward Island). [PAR] Province/Territory [PAR] 0.1% [PAR] Largest Cities in Canada [PAR] The largest city in Canada by population is Toronto, home to 2,615,060 people at the time of the 2011 census, and an estimated 2.8 million in 2016. The wider Toronto metropolitan area is over twice as populous, containing around 6 million people in total. [PAR] Canada's second largest city is Montreal in Quebec, where 1,649,519 people live, followed in third place by Calgary in Alberta with 1,096,833. Calgary is growing at almost twice the Canadian average, so if current trends continue it will no doubt overtake Montreal in the future. Ottawa is Canada's fourth largest city \u2013 883,391 people live in the capital city. [PAR] The fastest growing large city between 2006 and 2011 was Brampton, Ontario. In the 5 year period, the city grew by nearly 21% en route to surpassing 500,000 residents. Montreal is the slowest growing major city"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Britain and the World 1988 - THE CHRIS HOBBS SITE Britain and the World 1988 [PAR] Australia's bicentennial anniversary-parade of tall ships in Sydney Harbour [PAR] Feb17 [PAR] Lieutenant Colonel William Higgins, an American officer serving with a United Nations truce monitoring group, was kidnapped [PAR] in southern Lebanon (he was later slain by his captors). [PAR] Feb21 [PAR] The grave of Boadicea, the warrior queen who fought the Romans almost 2,000 years ago, was located by archaeologists under Platform 8 at King's Cross railway station. [PAR] Feb23 [PAR] The fifteenth Winter Olympic Games opened in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. [PAR] Feb25 [PAR] Sinner and US TV evangelist Jimmy Swaggart is suspended by the elders of the church for his descent into immorality [PAR] Feb29 [PAR] Nazi document implicates Kurt Waldheim in WW II deportations. He is also accused of criminal involvement in the execution of seven British Commandos [PAR] Mar6 [PAR] Three IRA terrorists were shot dead by SAS men in Gibraltar. The circumstances surrounding their deaths formed the basis of a controversial TV documentary \"Death On The Rock\" [PAR] Mar11 [PAR] The one pound note (introduced 12th March 1797) ceased to be legal tender, and was replaced by the pound coin. [PAR] Apr4 [PAR] The ITV soap opera Crossroads ended after 24 years and 4510 episodes [PAR] Apr10 [PAR] The world's longest double-decker bridge opened to traffic,carrying cars and trains. The 7-9 mile long 'Great Seto Bridge' crossed the Inland Sea and liked the islands of Honshu and Shikoku. It had taken 10 years to build and cost \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd4.9 billion. [PAR] Apr16 [PAR] PLO military chief Khalil Wazir (Abu Jihad) is gunned down by Israeli commandos in Tunisia. [PAR] Apr18 [PAR] Israeli court convicted John Demjanjuk of Nazi war crimes, saying he was the gas chamber operator \"Ivan The Terrible\" at the Treblinka death camp in World War 11 [PAR] May15 [PAR] Soviet troops began leaving Afghanistan after eight years of occupation [PAR] Jun2 [PAR] In Canberra, the High Court unanimously rejected Britain's bid to ban further publication in Australia of the \"Spycatcher\" memoirs of [PAR] former secret agent Peter Wright. [PAR] Jun6 [PAR] The Queen stripped imprisoned jockey Lester Piggott of his OBE. He was jailed earlier for repeated tax evasion [PAR] Jul3 [PAR] American warship Vincennes shot down an Iran Airbus A300 over the Gulf in the last weeks of the Iran-Iraq war, killing all 290 aboard. [PAR] Jul6 [PAR] 167 men die in an explosion on the Piper Alpha oil rig in the North Sea. [PAR] Aug19 [PAR] Iran-Iraq begin a cease-fire in their eight year-old war [PAR] Oct19 [PAR] British government banned broadcast interviews with groups which expressed support for violence in Northern Ireland, [PAR] provoking opposition charges it was handing a propaganda coup to the outlawed Irish Republican Army. [PAR] Nov8 [PAR] George Bush (Republican) beats Mike Dukakis (Democrat) for Presidency of the USA [PAR] Dec1 [PAR] Benazir Bhutto named first female Prime Minister of a Moslem country (Pakistan) [PAR] Dec6"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1988 Seoul Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 1988 Seoul Summer Games | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com [PAR] 1988 Seoul Summer Games [PAR] Host City: Seoul, South Korea (September 17, 1988 to October 2, 1988) [PAR] Opening Ceremony: September 17, 1988 (opened by President Roh Tae-Woo) [PAR] Lighter of the Olympic Flame: Won-Tak Kim [PAR] Taker of the Olympic Oath: Heo Jae , Son Mi-Na (athlete) [PAR] Closing Ceremony: October 2, 1988 [PAR] Events: 237 in 27 sports [PAR] Participants: 8,453 (6,249 men and 2,202 women) from 159 countries [PAR] Youngest Participant: [PAR] N\u00e1dia Cruz (13 years, 74 days) [PAR] Oldest Participant: [PAR] Durward Knowles (70 years, 323 days) [PAR] Most Medals (Athlete): [PAR] Soviet Union (132 medals) [PAR] Overview [PAR] In late September 1981, when the IOC awarded the 1988 Olympics to Seoul, the Olympic world was stunned. The choice was highly controversial as many prominent nations in the Olympic Movement, notably the Soviet Bloc nations, did not have diplomatic relations with the Seoul government. After the political problems that had marred the last few Olympics, there was widespread concern that another boycott would ensue because of this. [PAR] \u00bb Click to show/hide rest of overview [PAR] The problem became more complicated in July 1985 when DPR (North) Korea demanded that it be allowed to co-host the Games with the Republic of Korea. Over the next three years the IOC negotiated with North Korea and offered to allow it to stage several events. However, no IOC concession was ever enough for the North, who wanted equal co-host status and an equal number of events. They demanded this despite the fact that the Games were close at hand and they had no possible hope of building the necessary facilities in time. When the IOC would not concede further to the North's demands, North Korea announced that it would definitely boycott the Seoul Olympics. [PAR] By then, however, most of the Eastern Bloc countries had agreed to compete in Seoul, making 1988 the first Summer Olympic competition in 12 years between the United States, the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic. After the North Korean's final boycott announcement, Cuba and Ethiopia also announced that they would not attend the Olympics, out of solidarity with North Korea. Nicaragua, Albania, and the Seychelles also did not attend the Olympics, though their reasons were less clear and may not have been directly related to any boycott. [PAR] But the Seoul Games went on and saw the largest participation in Olympics history. There were more nations and more countries represented than ever before. The Games themselves were excellent and very well run. Controversies and political intrusions, unlike the Games of the last 20 years, were relatively few and comparatively minor. [PAR] Three swimmers and one female track & field athlete dominated the sporting events. In the pool, the GDR's [Kristin Otto] broke all sorts of records by winning six gold medals. It was an unmatched performance by a woman at the Olympics. Her only rival for swimming supremacy was America's [Janet Evans] who won three gold medals. But they never raced each other, as Otto was a sprinter and Evans a distance swimmer. [PAR] On the men's side of the pool, [Matt Biondi] was attempting to equal [Mark Spitz]'s record of seven gold medals. He failed in his first two events, taking a silver and a bronze. However, he then won gold in his last five events, to equal Spitz's haul of seven medals, though they had a bit less lustre. [PAR] On the track, the world was stunned by the performances of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Reagan Biography | Ronald Reagan.com | Free Reagan ... Ronald Reagan Biography | Ronald Reagan.com | Free Reagan Mail | Reagan Email | Ronald Reagan Email [PAR] [PAR] About Ronald Reagan [PAR] Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States. He is widely considered one of the most popular, influential and successful chief executives in American history. [PAR] President Reagan is most commonly remembered as the man who defeated Soviet communism and won the Cold War. He is also credited with reviving the national Republican Party during the difficult post-Watergate era, serving as the leader of the modern conservative movement and revitalizing the nation's economy through a series of tax cuts. [PAR] Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois on February 6, 1911 and passed away on June 5, 2004. He served as President from 1981-1989. His running mate and Vice President for both of his four-year terms was George Herbert Walker Bush, who succeeded Reagan and served as America's 41st President. Reagan defeated the 39th President, Jimmy Carter, in 1980, and former Vice President Walter Mondale in 1984. [PAR] Reagan was married to actress Jane Wyman for seven years, from 1941-1948. They had two children, Michael and Maureen. The coupled was divorced and Reagan later married actress Nancy Davis in 1952. Ron and Nancy also had two children, Patricia and Ron, Jr. [PAR] Ronald Reagan worked as a sports radio announcer and studied at Eureka College prior to moving to Hollywood, California in 1937. Reagan was a successful actor, starring in dozens of films and even becoming President of the Screen Actors Guild. Democrat Reagan became a spokesman for General Electric and hosted its national television program for eight years. [PAR] Reagan campaigned for U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater for President in 1964, delivering a historic address warning of the evils of socialism that received a lot of national attention. The speech is still considered to be one of the greatest and most important political addresses in the nation's history. [PAR] Ronald Reagan subsequently switched his party affiliation to Republican and ran for Governor of California. He won a spirited campaign and went on to serve two terms as a right-of-center governor. Though less than a right-winger in office, his crack down on leftist protesters gained him the respect of conservative leaders across the country and many began discussing the possibility of a Reagan for President effort. [PAR] In 1974, Republican Richard Nixon became the first president in US history to resign from office. His successor, Gerald Ford, angered conservatives by implementing wage and price controls and appointing Goldwater rival Nelson Rockefeller as Vice President of the United States. Ford polled poorly against prospective Democratic challengers. The Reagan for President movement suddenly took on a life of its own. [PAR] Ronald Reagan announced his intention to seek the Republican presidential nomination and to unseat Gerald Ford. The GOP became badly fractured and President Ford won all of the early states in the nomination process as the Reagan for President movement appeared doomed to fail. [PAR] But the tide turned and Reagan won key victories in North Carolina, Texas and California, sweeping larger states and catching up in the national delegate count. Republicans gathered in the summer of 1976 for a fiercely divided convention in Kansas City and the Reagan delegates were very vocal. Reagan forces tried a series of parliamentary moves such as a vote to release all pledged delegates (allowing them to vote their consciences) and forcing presidential candidates to announce their support of a running mate prior to the vote for the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1989: Romania's 'first couple' executed BBC ON THIS DAY | 25 | 1989: Romania's 'first couple' executed [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1989: Romania's 'first couple' executed [PAR] Deposed Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena have been shot by a firing squad after a secret military tribunal found them both guilty of crimes against the state. [PAR] They were charged and convicted of genocide and undermining the national economy among a series of other offences, officials said. [PAR] News of their death was announced to the people of Romania on national television amid reports the couple had been found smuggling large amounts of money out of the country. [PAR] A stunned reaction from the public gave way to scenes of delight and a public outpouring on the streets to celebrate. [PAR] But there was some unrest from troops who supported the former leader. [PAR] The deaths end the dictator's 24 years as communist party leader - 21 of them as Romania's president - during which he suppressed all opposition using brutal force. [PAR] The National Salvation Front is now running Romania, and America and the Soviet Union have recognised the new government. [PAR] But the White House said it was \"regrettable\" the trial had not been held in public. [PAR] Christmas celebrated [PAR] The new government has pledged democracy will replace the tyranny of Ceausescu's rule and promised to allow free speech, free thought and free enterprise in Romania. [PAR] Party leaders called on the West to aid and support its new reform programme. [PAR] The executions come after 10 tumultuous days of violence and an upsurge of mass protests against Ceausescu's regime. [PAR] Demonstrations began in the western city of Timisoara against the harassment of a dissident ethnic-Hungarian priest, Laszlo Tokes. [PAR] It led to protests about a lack of basic supplies such as bread but the backlash from Ceausescu's armed forces led to accusations many people were massacred. [PAR] Demonstrators stormed Ceausescu's palace and he and his wife tried to flee Bucharest but they were captured by military forces who had turned against them."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] May 22nd, 1980 - Pony Producer's Positively Pony This Day in Video Game History \u2013 May 22nd, 1980 \u2013 Pac-Man Arcade Game Released in Japan | Pony Producer's Positively Pony [PAR] Pony Producer's Positively Pony [PAR] A trek through MLP:FiM, as well as other entertainment or news subjects! [PAR] Menu [PAR] Leave a reply [PAR] The concept was simple\u2014eat the pellets, avoid the ghosts, clear the level. But, this simple concept propelled an arcade game that launched on this day in history to be one of the most successful games of all-time. [PAR] Pac-Man, or as it was originally known in Japan, Puck-Man, was released by Namco in its home country on May 22nd, 1980 to arcades. The player controlled the titular character through a maze, avoiding a quartet of ghosts. The goal\u2014eat all of the pellets in the maze while not being touched by the ghost. Power pellets, placed in corners of the stage, allowed players to \u201ceat\u201d the ghosts and help to achieve the goal. [PAR] Pac-Man, or as it was originally known in Japan, Puck-Man, was released by Namco in its home country on May 22nd, 1980 to arcades. (Courtesy: Namco / Midway) [PAR] The game was historic for many reasons: the first maze game, one of the first games with cutscenes, the first use of a mascot character for games, one of the first games to appeal to large number of women, and even the first game to use power-ups! [PAR] Initially not expected to see much success, Pac-Man exploded in popularity when it was released in the United States later in the year of 1980. [PAR] Numerous sequels would come out, as well as animated series and even a song called Pac-Man Fever that made it to number nine on the Billboard Music Charts! [PAR] Share this:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Ian Curtis (Author of So This is Permanence) - Goodreads Ian Curtis ( of Touching from a distance) [PAR] Ian Kevin Curtis was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He is best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the post-punk band Joy Division. [PAR] Joy Division released its debut album, Unknown Pleasures, in 1979 and recorded its follow-up, Closer, in 1980. [PAR] Curtis, who suffered from epilepsy and depression, committed suicide on 18 May 1980, on the eve of Joy Division's first North American tour, resulting in the band's dissolution and the subsequent formation of New Order. Curtis was known for his baritone voice, dance style, and songwriting filled with imagery of desolation, emptiness and alienation. [PAR] In 1995, Curtis's widow Deborah published Touching from a Distance: Ian Curtis and Joy Division, a biography of the singer. His life and death Ian Kevin Curtis was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He is best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the post-punk band Joy Division. [PAR] Joy Division released its debut album, Unknown Pleasures, in 1979 and recorded its follow-up, Closer, in 1980. [PAR] Curtis, who suffered from epilepsy and depression, committed suicide on 18 May 1980, on the eve of Joy Division's first North American tour, resulting in the band's dissolution and the subsequent formation of New Order. Curtis was known for his baritone voice, dance style, and songwriting filled with imagery of desolation, emptiness and alienation. [PAR] In 1995, Curtis's widow Deborah published Touching from a Distance: Ian Curtis and Joy Division, a biography of the singer. His life and death have been dramatised in the films 24 Hour Party People (2002) and Control (2007). ...more[DOC] [TLE] Who is Ian Curtis dating? Ian Curtis girlfriend, wife Who is Ian Curtis dating? Ian Curtis girlfriend, wife [PAR] English Singer [PAR] Ian Curtis [PAR] was born on 15th July, 1956 in Macclesfield, England and passed away on 18th May 1980 Macclesfield, England aged 23. He is most remembered for Joy Division. His zodiac sign is Cancer. [PAR] Ian Curtis [PAR] is a member of the following lists: English male singer-songwriters , Male suicides and 20th-century English singers . [PAR] Contribute [PAR] Help us build our profile of Ian Curtis! Login to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. [PAR] Relationship Statistics"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Articles about Trevor Berbick - tribunedigital-sunsentinel Articles about Trevor Berbick - tribunedigital-sunsentinel [PAR] Mickey Mas [PAR] September 7, 1994 [PAR] You sit on a dirty Miami curb beside Mickey Rourke and search his handsome face for the man he is made out to be. You prefer the uneasy company of scoundrels to the predictable politically correct. Still, there are parts of him you cannot embrace. You know, for example, that on Thursday, the same day he is to box in Davie, lawyers will represent him in New York on a charge that he beat his former wife, Carrie Otis. You know he had some success with movies, starred in 91/2 Weeks, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Diner, Barfly, etc. Yet he has lately been estranged from Hollywood. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Heavyweight Resident Gets Miramar Honors [PAR] By David Wallace, Staff Writer, April 13, 1986 [PAR] One of the city`s most powerful citizens was given a key to the city at Monday`s City Commission meeting. Trevor Berbick doesn`t need political clout or tons of money to be a heavyweight. He`s got the muscle to get his point across the first time. Berbick, who lives in Country Club Ranches, is the new World Boxing Council heavyweight champion. He won the title Saturday after defeating Pinklon Thomas in Las Vegas. The WBC crown is the latest in a long list of heavyweight titles Berbick has won. He is the United States Boxing Association champion and has also held Canadian, British Commonwealth and Continental America`s heavyweight titles during his pro boxing career. [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Berbick Gets 30 Months [PAR] Staff reports, July 23, 1992 [PAR] Former boxer Trevor Berbick on Wednesday was sentenced to spend 30 months in prison and pay a $95,000 fine after pleading guilty to mortgage fraud and violating his parole. Broward Circuit Judge Mark Speiser gave the former heavyweight champ the prison term for the probation violation. Berbick will serve it concurrently with the four-year term he is already serving on a Miami rape charge. For the mortgage fraud, Berbick agreed to pay the fine and extend his probation by six years after his release on the rape and other charges. [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Judge Ordered Off Case Racial Bias Alleged During Divorce Trial [PAR] By LARRY KELLER, Staff Writer, March 16, 1991 [PAR] An appeals court has removed Broward Circuit Judge James M. Reasbeck from the divorce case of former heavyweight boxing champion Trevor Berbick after Berbick`s wife complained that the judge made racially biased remarks. The Berbicks are black; Reasbeck is white. The 4th District Court of Appeal concluded on Wednesday that Nadine Berbick`s \"allegations are sufficient to support her motion for disqualification.\" \"I don`t have anything to say,\" Reasbeck said of the ruling. Nadine Berbick filed for divorce from her husband on Oct. 1. She complained that at a November hearing in Reasbeck`s chambers, Reasbeck commented that if she and her husband didn`t reconcile, she would be \"back in the ghetto like the rest of them.\" [PAR] NEWS [PAR] Ex-boxing Champ Gets 4-year Term Berbick Sentenced In Rape Of Baby Sitter [PAR] By LUISA YANEZ, Miami Bureau, May 16, 1992 [PAR] MIAMI -- Former heavyweight boxing champ Trevor Berbick was hit on Friday with a four-year prison sentence for raping his children`s baby sitter. Berbick, 39, is the second heavyweight fighter this year to be convicted of rape and sentenced to prison. Mike Tyson, who took the heavyweight title from Berbick in 1986, was convicted of rape in March and sentenced to six years in prison. Dade County Circuit Judge Thomas Wilson had postponed"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] No Headline - NYTimes.com No Headline - NYTimes.com [PAR] No Headline [PAR] By R.W. APPLE Jr., Special to the New York Times [PAR] Published: July 3, 1982 [PAR] LONDON, July 2\u2014 Roy Jenkins, the 61-year-old former President of the Common Market, was elected today as the first leader of Britain's new Social Democratic Party. [PAR] In a mail ballot of 65,000 Social Democrats, three-quarters of whom cast votes, Mr. Jenkins defeated Dr. David Owen, his only rival, by a narrower margin than expected - 26,256 to 20,864. Dr. Owen's vigorous performance as the party spokesman during the Falkland crisis apparently won him the backing of many previously undecided members. [PAR] With Mr. Jenkins as leader, the new party is expected to move rapidly toward a closer alliance with the Liberal Party, whose leader, David Steel, has said he would be willing to serve under Mr. Jenkins if the alliance won the next general election and Mr. Jenkins became Prime Minister. Mr. Steel, who is 44, and Dr. Owen, who turned 44 today, are seen as eventual rivals, and an Owen victory could have created friction. [PAR] Mr. Jenkins's triumph also apparently presages a relatively moderate course for the Social Democrats. Although he left the Labor Party because he thought its policies too extreme on such issues as disarmament and European unity, Dr. Owen still considers himself a radical and sought to cast the new party in a radical image. [PAR] Falkland War Hurt Party [PAR] The Falkland crisis brought to an end a string of by-election victories for the new party, which was started 18 months ago after a meeting at Dr. Owen's riverside house in the run-down Limehouse section of London's East End. The founding members - known as the Gang of Four - were Mr. Jenkins, Dr. Owen, Shirley Williams and William Rodgers, all former Labor Cabinet ministers. [PAR] Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's successful prosecution of the war won her new popularity, and the flood of war news denied the Social Democrats the publicity that any new party needs. In quick succession, the party fared badly in local elections and in parliamentary by-elections in the London suburbs and in a Scottish constituency. [PAR] Meanwhile, Mr. Jenkins, who won a key by-election in the Hillhead section of Glasgow this year, disappeared from public view, while Dr. Owen, in speeches in the House of Commons and in almost nightly television appearances, won widespread public acclaim. His experience as Foreign Secretary enabled him to project an image of calm competence. [PAR] Because Dr. Owen hoped to take votes from the Labor Party, and because Mr. Jenkins appeals principally to members of Mrs. Thatcher's Conservative Party, Labor leaders welcomed Dr. Owen's defeat. [PAR] A poll published Sunday by The Observer reflected Dr. Owen's heightened visibility, indicating that 47 percent of the electorate preferred Dr. Owen as against 29 percent who backed Mr. Jenkins. But that sentiment was not reflected among Social Democratic voters. Campaign Was Low-Key [PAR] During the relatively low-key campaign, Dr. Owen accused Mr. Jenkins of resorting to ''the old politics'' by urging the early choice of an alliance leader. In turn, Mr. Jenkins said that Dr. Owen was risking the entire future of the middle-of-the-road coalition. Mrs. Williams supported Dr. Owen, and Mr. Rodgers backed Mr. Jenkins. [PAR] It remains to be seen how well the rivals can work together in the future, although both promised before the campaign not to indulge in recriminations. They have widely differing personalities - Dr. Owen aggressive and hard-hitting, Mr. Jenkins diffident and avuncular - as well as differing philosophies of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Republican Hunger Strike 1981 | Belfast Child Republican Hunger Strike 1981 | Belfast Child [PAR] Republican Hunger Strike 1981 [PAR] Sunday 1 March 1981 1981 [PAR] Hunger Strike Began [PAR] Bobby Sands, then leader of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the Maze Prison, refused food and so began a new hungry strike . The choice of the start date was significant because it marked the fifth anniversary of the ending of special category status (1 March 1976). [PAR] \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 [PAR] Bobby Sands and the 1981 Hunger Strike Documentary [PAR] \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 [PAR] The main aim of the new strike was to achieve the reintroduction of political status for Republican prisoners. Edward Daly, then Catholic Bishop of Derry, criticised the decision to begin another hunger strike. [PAR] Brendan McFarlane [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Sands was to lead the hunger strike but it was decided that Brendan McFarlane would take over Sands\u2019 role as leader of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the Maze Prison. It later became clear that the IRA leadership outside the prison was not in favour of a new hunger strike following the outcome of the 1980 strike. The main impetus came from the prisoners themselves. [PAR] The strike was to last until 3 October 1981 and was to see 10 Republican prisoners starve themselves to death in support of their protest. The strike led to a heightening of political tensions in the region. It was also to pave the way for the emergence of Sinn F\u00e9in (SF) as a major political force in Northern Ireland. [PAR] \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013 [PAR] Margaret Thatcher\u2019s letters to families of hunger strikers released [PAR] Margaret Thatcher, later Baroness Thatcher, was implacably opposed to the hunger strikers [PAR] \u2014 [PAR] Secret Government documents also reveal Thatcher\u2019s fears after 1984 Brighton bombing [PAR] Margaret Thatcher privately expressed regret over the 1981 Irish hunger strike, newly released letters to the families of prisoners show. [PAR] In the notes the prime minister said she cared \u201cdeeply\u201d about those affected by the protest. But she turned down a request for a meeting from two mothers, stating: \u201cI really do not see how such a meeting could help\u201d. [PAR] The letters are contained within files released today by the National Archives in Kew, south-west London. [PAR] The files also reveal Thatcher\u2019s fear that she would be targeted again by the IRA after narrowly avoiding assassination in the Brighton bombing of October 12, 1984, and how the attack nearly derailed secret Northern Ireland peace negotiations. [PAR] [PAR] Mrs Thatcher and her cabinet were staying at the Grand Hotel in the city for the Conservative Party conference when they were targeted. The long-delay time bomb, which had been planted four weeks earlier, killed five and injured 31. [PAR] Afterwards, in a handwritten note to Charles Powell, one of her closest advisors, Mrs Thatcher said: \u201cThe bomb has slowed things down and may in the end kill any new initiative because I suspect it will be the first in a series\u201d. [PAR] Four months earlier, Mrs Thatcher had sought Cabinet approval for a series of secret liaisons with the Republic of Ireland. [PAR] The negotiations helped lay the ground for the subsequent 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement but the documents show Mrs Thatcher was reluctant to allow them to continue after the bomb, commenting that she was \u201cvery pessimistic\u201d about their outcome in November 1984. [PAR] She added Britain must avoid the impression of \u201cbeing bombed into making concession to the Republic\u201d. [PAR] On the hunger strikes, the files show that Mrs Thatcher urged the sister of one of the prisoners to convince"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Died Onstage : snopes.com Died Onstage : snopes.com [PAR] Died Onstage [PAR] Died Onstage [PAR] A quick romp through a list of various deaths that took place either onstage or in front of the cameras. [PAR] Claim: Several actors have kicked the bucket in front of an audience. [PAR] Status: True. [PAR] Long part of the canon of contemporary lore is the tale of [PAR] an unfortunate actor who expires on stage, his adoring audience unaware of his sudden deceasement because they think his collapse part of the show \u2014 while they clap and cheer at the brilliance of his death scene performance, unknown to them he is gasping his last. [PAR] What follows is a quick romp through a growing list of those who died in the blaze of the footlights or on camera, or who were rumored to have met the Grim Reaper while treading the boards. At least one thespian death actually does match the legend (see if you can find it). [PAR] Sports figures are not included in this compilation, even though a great many of them have expired while doing their thing as the public watched. [PAR] Moliere (died 21 February 1673) [PAR] This French playwright and actor-manager collapsed during the fourth performance of his newly penned Le Malade Imaginaire (The Hypochondriac). Overwhelmed by a coughing fit, he was carried to his home in the Rue de Richelieu, Paris, where he died. [PAR] Felix Mottl (died 2 July 1911) [PAR] This Austrian conductor died in Munich at the age of 55 while conducting [PAR] Act II [PAR] of Wagner's Tristan and Isolde. [PAR] Alexander Woolcott (died 23 January 1943) [PAR] During a radio show (a round table discussion with four others on Hitlerism), Woolcott suffered a heart attack at [PAR] 7:15 p.m. [PAR] and died in hospital four hours later. Hundreds of people tuned into the show were unaware anything was amiss. Indeed, listeners reported that the writer, known for his incisive and sometimes stinging comments, seemed to have taken less than his usual part in the broadcast. [PAR] Johnny Ace (died 25 December 1954) [PAR] Rhythm and blues recording star Johnny Ace died during a show he was giving in Houston, but did so offstage. During a five minute break, the singer was amusing himself with a game of Russian Roulette (one bullet in the chamber). He lost. [PAR] Tyrone Power (died 15 November 1958) [PAR] Tyrone Power suffered a heart attack during the filming of a fencing scene in Solomon and Sheba in Madrid, Spain. He died only minutes after being loaded into an ambulance. [PAR] Harry Einstein (died 24 November 1958) [PAR] As famed comedian Parkyakarkus, Harry Einstein expired while performing at a Friars Club roast for Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. He collapsed onto Milton Berle's shoulder. [PAR] Eduard van Beinum (died 13 April 1959) [PAR] Chief conductor at the Royal Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, van Beinum was taken ill after rehearsing the first two movements of a Brahms symphony, and died immediately after stepping off the podium aged 58. [PAR] Leonard Warren (died 4 March 1960) [PAR] Just after he completed his second-act aria in Verdi's La Forza del Destino (The Force of Destiny) at the New York's Metropolitan Opera, Warren plunged face-forward onto the stage. The curtain was rung down, and it was announced a half hour later the singer had died of a massive stroke. [PAR] Paul Mantz (died 8 July 1965) [PAR] This aviation pioneer and legendary movie stunt pilot died in Yuma, Arizona, during the filming of The Flight Of The Phoenix. As three motion"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Eurovision Song Contest 1981 | Eurovision Song Contest Eurovision Song Contest 1981 | Eurovision Song Contest [PAR] Show more [PAR] Eurovision Song Contest 1981 [PAR] Ireland's capital Dublin hosted the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest after Johnny Logan won the contest in the preceding year with What's Another Year. Bucks Fizz won the 1981 contest for the United Kingdom with the song Making Your Mind Up. [PAR] For the second time, the Eurovision champion winner, Ireland, was the host for the event which took place in Dublin. In 1981, the total amount of participating countries was 20 once again equalling the record set three years earlier in Paris. Morocco withdrew after their first participation, and Italy decided to stay at home as well because the interest in the country had diminished. Yugoslavia returned to the contest after five years of absence, so did Israel after the county had missed out on one contest. Finally, Cyprus made its Eurovision debut. It was also the first year Egypt's television viewers could follow the contest live on television. [PAR] The opening sequence of the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest showed 'old Ireland' blending into 'modern Ireland'. The sequence ended with a map of Europe on a globe which span round to reveal the Eurovision logo. [PAR] About the winner [PAR] The United Kingdom's entry, Making Your Mind Up, by the group Bucks Fizz won the 1981 contest after a close race with Germany's entry, Johnny Blue, performed by Lena Valaitis. Bucks Fizz was formed especially for the Eurovision Song Contest and created one of the most memorable moments in Eurovision history when the two guys in the group ripped off the skirts of the two girls, revealing a shorter skirt underneath. Bucks Fizz continued their career all over Europe with many hit songs during the 1980s, like The Land Of Make Believe and My Camera Never Lies. [PAR] Facts & Figures"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1987: Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie gets life - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 3 | 1987: Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie gets life [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1987: Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie gets life [PAR] The former Gestapo chief in Lyon, Klaus Barbie, has been sentenced to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity. [PAR] Nine jurors and three judges found Barbie - also known as the Butcher of Lyon - guilty of the 341 separate charges that were brought against him at the court in Lyon. [PAR] The 73-year-old was accused of deporting 842 people - mainly Jews - to concentration camps in Germany during the Second World War. [PAR] In one incident 44 children were rounded up from a farmhouse east of Lyon, at Izieu, and sent to their deaths. [PAR] A total of 373 of the people transported under Barbie's command died. [PAR] Surviving relatives of the victims filled the courtroom and heard Barbie's last-minute plea of innocence. [PAR] France can try and shed its own responsibility [PAR] Defence lawyer, Jacques Verges [PAR] \"Barbie has been promoted to the rank of an expiatory victim, a scapegoat so that France can try and shed its own responsibility\", argued defence lawyer, Jacques Verges. [PAR] Coverage of the trial in France has been exhaustive and crowds of people waited outside the court to hear the judgement. [PAR] The editor of Le Monde newspaper, Andre Fontaine, said: \"It's a time in France where people are more and more conscious of the necessity of knowing something about history and especially about recent history.\" [PAR] The man they call the Butcher of Lyon has already been condemned to death twice for his war crimes. Both of these sentences lapsed as Barbie was living under an assumed name in Bolivia. [PAR] He was found by barrister Serge Klarsfeld in 1972, but it was not until over 10 years later, in 1983, that the Bolivian government agreed to extradite him. [PAR] Barbie's trial began on 11 May this year with Mr Klarsfeld as chief prosecutor. [PAR] It took the judges and jury six-and-a-half hours to reach their final verdict after they retired at 0530 BST (0430 GMT) today. [PAR] France gripped by the trial of the Nazi, Klaus Barbie [PAR] In Context [PAR] Born on 25 October 1913 in Germany, Barbie was a member of the Hitler Youth. In 1935 he joined a special branch of the SS. [PAR] After serving with the German army in the Netherlands he was made chief of Gestapo Department IV in Lyon from 1942 to 1944. [PAR] There is evidence that he personally tortured prisoners whom he interrogated and he is blamed for 4000 deaths and a further 7,500 deportations during the war. [PAR] After the war the USA used him for counter-intelligence work (1947-51), for which they later apologised. [PAR] He died in prison in Lyon on 25 September 1991. [PAR] Stories From 3 Jul"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Airplane Disasters, Aviation Disasters: Fear of Flying Site Airplane Disasters, Aviation Disasters: Fear of Flying Site [PAR] Fear of Flying Site [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Do Not Enter If You Are About to Fly [PAR] The following page is the complete listing from Airplane Disasters, by John Kremer. This file features more than two thousand airplane crashes, near misses, and related accidents organized by date. [Don't read this if you are about to fly! I guarantee that no matter how much you have flown in the past, when you read the entire Airplane Disasters listing, you will think twice before flying again.] [PAR] For those of you who would rather read about the positive side of air travel, check out the Fun of Flying Site , which features hundreds of historic airplane anniversaries, heroics, and so on. [PAR] Note: According to the Federal Aviation Administration, during the past decade there have been three times that a year went by without a fatality on a commercial plane. More than 90% of airplane crashes have survivors. More people are killed every year by donkeys than by airplane crashes. [PAR] Celebrity Air Deaths: http://www.hottimescoolplaces.com/airceleb.htm [PAR] After World War I, more than 75 percent of U.S. Air Mail pilots died in crashes on the job. The mortality rate was eased only when the Postal Service required the managers who ordered pilots out in bad weather to go along for the ride. \ufffd Paul B. Carroll and Chunka Mui, authors, Billion Dollar Lessons [PAR] January 1 [PAR] 1978: 213 people died when an Air India Boeing 747 crashed and exploded into the sea near Bombay India. The crash was caused by instrument failure. [PAR] 1991: 34 people were killed when a USAir Boeing 737 crashed on the runway of the Los Angeles, California airport. [PAR] 1997: A Piper Cherokee clipped a tree and flipped over into a house while trying to land at the Florence, South Carolina airport. Two people on board were able to climb out with few injuries; the other two were seriously injured and hospitalized in critical condition. [PAR] 1999: In 1998, no passenger died in an accident involving a scheduled U.S. commercial airplane anywhere in the world. The 1998 numbers do not include the September 2nd crash of Swissair Flight 111 off Nova Scotia, which killed 229. While that flight departed from New York bound for Geneva, it did not involve a U.S. carrier. 598 people were killed in general aviation accidents in 1998, including crashes of private and corporate planes. 17 people were also killed in crashes of air taxis. [PAR] 2007: 12 people out of 102 passengers and crew survived the crash of an Adams Air Boeing 737-400 in the mountains of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. The plane went down in heavy rain on a flight from Surabya to Manado. [PAR] January 2 [PAR] 1920: Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov was born on this date. Although he wrote about flying in space and other technological marvels, Asimov himself refused to travel by airplane. Did he know something we don't? [PAR] 1997: Reno, Nevada, experienced its worst flooding in 40 years, forcing the closing of its casinos, wedding chapels, government offices, the Mustang brothel, and the Reno-Tahoe International Airport. [PAR] 1997: The pilot and four passengers of a Cessna 210 died when their plane got caught in a snowstorm and crashed into Cuddy Mountain near Council, Idaho. The four passengers were vacationers who had been stranded in McCall, Idaho, because of flooding. [PAR] 1997: A twin-engine Piper Aerostar crashed into the Great Dismal Swamp shortly after taking off"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Happened in 1988? | Like Totally 80s What Happened in 1988? - Like Totally 80s [PAR] What Happened in 1988? [PAR] Posted By Pia Sooney on Aug 18, 2007 | 0 comments [PAR] 1988 was a politically active year with indictments handed down in the Iran-Contra affair, a presidential election in which George HW Bush beats out Michael Dukakis, and the election of Sonny Bono as the new mayor of Palm Springs. To escape the politics and the natural and manmade disasters, people flocked to the movies to see some great cinema. This was the year of Rainman, Coming to America, Die Hard, Beetlejuice, and A Fish Called Wanda. At the Oscars that year, The Last Emperor won an astounding 9 Academy Awards (what!?!). On the music scene, Rick Astley released \u201cNever Gonna Give Up\u201d allowing future generations to Rick Roll (not sure if that goes in the good or bad category), and George Michael convinced us that we had to have \u201cFaith.\u201d We all wished Michael Hutchence was talking to us personally when he sang \u201cNeed You Tonight\u201d and Guns N Roses hit it huge with \u201cSweet Child O\u2019 Mine.\u201d Both Roseanne and The Wonder Years hit the small screen. The Winter Olympics were in Calgary, and the Redskins won Super Bowl XXII. Whatever 1988 brought us both good and bad, we heeded the advice of Bobby McFerrin \u2013 Don\u2019t Worry, Be Happy. [PAR] Jump directly to your area of interest using these links: [PAR] [PAR] History & Politics [PAR] U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush and CBS News anchor Dan Rather clash over Bush\u2019s role in the Iran-Contra scandal, during a contentious television interview. [PAR] Anthony M. Kennedy is appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States. [PAR] Hustler Magazine v. Falwell: The Supreme Court of the United States sides with Hustler magazine by overturning a lower court decision to award Jerry Falwell $200,000 for defamation. [PAR] Students at Gallaudet University (school for the advanced education of the deaf and hard-of-hearing) go on strike for the selection of a non deaf university president. [PAR] Two U.S. Army helicopters collide in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, killing 17 servicemen. [PAR] Iran-Contra Affair: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and Vice Admiral John Poindexter are indicted on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States. [PAR] The Last Emperor (directed by Bernardo Bertolucci) wins 9 Oscars. [PAR] Former pop singer Sonny Bono is elected mayor of Palm Springs, California. [PAR] The USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) strikes a naval mine in the Persian Gulf, while deployed on Operation Earnest Will during the Tanker War phase of the Iran-Iraq War. United States Navy forces retaliate for the Roberts mining with Operation Praying Mantis, in a day of strikes against Iranian oil platforms and naval vessels. [PAR] PEPCON disaster in Henderson, Nevada: A major explosion at an industrial solid-fuel rocket plant causes damage extending up to 10 miles away, including Las Vegas\u2019s McCarran International Airport. [PAR] Bus disaster near Carrollton, Kentucky: A drunk driver going the wrong way on Interstate 71, hits a converted school bus carrying a church youth group from Radcliff, Kentucky. The resulting fire kills 27, making it tied for 1st in the U.S. for most fatalities involving 2 vehicles to the present day. Ironically, the other 2-vehicle accident involving a bus that also killed 27 occurred in Prestonsburg, KY 30 years prior. [PAR] A report by U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop states that the addictive properties of nicotine are similar to those of heroin and cocaine. [PAR] Four workers are asphyxiated at a metal-plating plant in Auburn,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Curling For Dummies Cheat Sheet - For Dummies Curling For Dummies Cheat Sheet - dummies [PAR] Curling For Dummies Cheat Sheet [PAR] Curling For Dummies Cheat Sheet [PAR] Cheat Sheet [PAR] By Bob Weeks [PAR] Curling has a rich history with many traditions that continue to this day. Though the origins of curling are unclear, most people regard Scotland as curling\u2019s birthplace. Today, curling is played around the world, largely thanks to its introduction into the Olympics in 1988. Because curling can seem complicated if you don\u2019t know a lot about it, these articles help to explain the basics, from curling terminology and the roles of each position on a team, to how scoring and other elements of the game work, and why curling is such a great sport to play. [PAR] Curling Match Terminology [PAR] Curling, probably more than any other sport, has its own unique terminology (like hurry hard and burning a rock, among others). Here are the key curling words and phrases you need to know to blend in at your next bonspiel: [PAR] Blank end: An end where no points are scored. [PAR] Bonspiel: A tournament in which curlers compete. [PAR] Burning a rock: A rules infraction that happens when a player touches a stone as it\u2019s traveling down the sheet. [PAR] Button: The very center of the target rings or house. [PAR] Cashspiel: A tournament in which curlers compete for money. [PAR] Delivery: The action of throwing a stone to the other end of the playing surface. [PAR] Eight-ender: A perfect end where every one of the team\u2019s stones scores a point. [PAR] End: The way a curling game is divided. An end is like an inning in a baseball game. A curling game has either eight or ten ends. [PAR] Gripper: The sole of one of your curling shoes. It helps you keep your footing on the ice. See slider. [PAR] Hammer: The last rock of the end. [PAR] Hack: The foothold in the ice you use to push off from when you deliver the stone. [PAR] House: Also known as the rings, this is the name of the giant bull\u2019s eye at either end of the sheet of ice. It consists of a set of concentric circles, called the 12-foot, 8-foot, 4-foot, and the Button. [PAR] Hurry hard: A directive given to sweepers by the skip or third, to begin sweeping. [PAR] Rink: A curling team; also the name of a curling facility [PAR] Rock: Also known as a stone, the granite playing utensil that a curler delivers. Regular-sized rocks weigh approximately 44 pounds. [PAR] Sheet: The frozen playing surface on which the game is played. [PAR] Slider: The sole of one of your curling shoes. It helps you move or slide along the ice. [PAR] Tee line: The line on the playing surface that runs through the middle of the house. [PAR] Weight: The amount of force used to deliver a stone. [PAR] The Members of a Curling Team [PAR] In curling, the team you play on is called a rink. The rink is made up of four players: the lead, the second, the third (also called the vice, vice-skip, or mate), and the skip. Each player has specific duties: [PAR] Lead: The lead throws the first two rocks of the end and then sweeps the next six. The lead must be very good at throwing guards and a strong sweeper. [PAR] Second: The second throws the third and fourth stones of the end and should be strong at playing takeouts. The second sweeps the first two stones and then"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sea Nettle Jellyfish - Octonauts Wiki - Wikia Sea Nettle Jellyfish | Octonauts Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Friend [PAR] None [PAR] The sea nettles are a dangerous type of jellyfish that group up in a bloom, they can sting with their tentacles, and are poisonous enough for a human to possibly be severely injured. During the bloom in Octonauts and the Jellyfish Bloom, these creatures caused the bloom, clocking off Shellington's route to the Octopod .[DOC] [TLE] Stinging Nettles | Soundings Online Stinging Nettles | Soundings Online [PAR] Stinging Nettles [PAR] Posted on 20 November 2008 Written by Tom Neale [PAR] Q: What can you do about stinging nettles? [PAR] A: Go to Maine, or upper Chesapeake Bay where the water is fresh, such as in the Sassafras River. Or go anywhere else where they aren\u2019t. But that\u2019s easy to say. What if you can\u2019t go to any of those places? [PAR] Stinging nettles are found along much of the East Coast, with some areas much worse than others. To get an idea of the potential seriousness of infestations, check out a NOAA Web site that helps in predicting heavy concentrations of them in the Chesapeake (coast watch.noaa.gov, enter \u201cnettle\u201d in the search window). [PAR] There are different types of creatures that people refer to as stinging nettles. I\u2019m told the proper name is sea nettles. Most are gelatinous and have tentacles. Those with red tentacles seem to cause the most pain. When I was growing up on the rivers of Tidewater, Va., we called them \u201cblood suckers,\u201d because the welt they left was red and a little sticky. Some gelatinous creatures, often referred to as jellyfish, do not sting, but it\u2019s no fun finding out for sure \u2014 if you don\u2019t already know \u2014 whether that \u201cthing\u201d in the water is the bad type. [PAR] Depending on the person and the type of creature, stings can range from mildly painful to potentially deadly. In some waters, particularly tropical, you can encounter the Portuguese man-of-war. It looks like an odd-shaped bluish/purple (usually) balloon floating on the surface with tentacles underneath. Sometimes incorrectly referred to as jellyfish, their sting is extremely painful, and they should be avoided. They aren\u2019t what I\u2019m talking about here. [PAR] If you\u2019re lucky enough not to know much about stinging nettles firsthand and would like to improve your education, there are various sources that are much better than diving into infested waters on a summer day. You might check out Dr. Jennifer E. Purcell\u2019s report Jellyfish in Chesapeake Bay and Nearby Waters. It\u2019s posted at www.intercom.net (enter \u201cnettle\u201d in the search window). [PAR] Some people deal with stinging nettles by avoiding them. Unfortunately, during a bad season, this means staying out of the water. During some summers, it seems as if you can walk across the water on them; other times you barely see any all season. During these times people keep a watchful eye while in the water. However, it\u2019s possible to get stung even by small pieces of a stinging nettle that may have broken off from wave action or other causes. These are hard to see, and the tentacles of these creatures are often around 3 feet long. [PAR] There\u2019s a product called the Nettle Net BOATPOOL, which is a mesh pool suspended in the water from floats. I saw the first one off the stern of the inventor\u2019s sailboat years ago in Mobjack Bay. It can be deployed from a dock or your boat, and the company says it\u2019s designed to keep the stinging creatures out. The"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Calgary 1988 Winter Olympics - results & video highlights Calgary 1988 Winter Olympics - results & video highlights [PAR] Official Reports arrow [PAR] Debuts and firsts [PAR] For the first time, the Winter Games extended to 16 days, including three weekends. The Alpine events were expanded from three to five with the inclusion of the super giant slalom and the Alpine combined. Team events were added in Nordic combined and ski jumping. [PAR] Winter and Summer champion [PAR] East Germany\u2019s Christa Rothenburger won the 1000m speed skating title. Seven months later she earned a silver medal in cycling to become the only athlete ever to win medals in the Winter and Summer Olympic Games in the same year. [PAR] Memorable champions [PAR] East German figure skater Katarina Witt defended her Olympic title, while American Brian Boitano edged out Canada\u2019s Brian Orser in an extremely close decision in the men\u2019s competition. Charismatic Italian skier Alberto Tomba made the most of his Olympic debut, winning both the giant slalom and the slalom. [PAR] Flying Finn [PAR] Finnish ski jumper Mat Nyk\u00e4nen dominated both individual events, winning both by huge margins. This made him the first ski jumper to win two gold medals at the same Games. He then led the Finnish team to victory in the large hill team event and brought his career total to four gold medals and one silver medal. [PAR] NOCs: 57 [PAR] Athletes: 1,423 (301 women, 1,122 men) [PAR] Events: 46 [PAR] Media: 6,838 (2,477 written press, 4,361 broadcasters) [PAR] For the first time in Canada [PAR] Canada hosted the Olympic Winter Games for the first time. [PAR] More Events [PAR] The number of events increased from 39 in Sarajevo to 46 in Calgary - notably in Alpine skiing, where the super giant slalom was on the programme for the first time and the Nordic combined returned to the programme (absent since 1948). [PAR] The Artificial Snow [PAR] The Alpine events took place on artificial snow. [PAR] Demonstration Sport [PAR] Curling appeared on the programme as a demonstration sport. [PAR] Demonstration Disciplines [PAR] Short-track speed skating and freestyle skiing were two demonstration disciplines. [PAR] Speed skating moves indoors [PAR] The speed skating events were held on a covered rink for the first time. [PAR] The Athletes and the Spectators side-by-side [PAR] The athletes, the real heroes of the Games, could sit in the stands next to the spectators. No smoking The first Smoke-Free Games were held. [PAR] Ceremonies [PAR] Calgary, 13 February 1988. Opening Ceremony at the MacMahon Stadium. The Olympic Flag. [PAR] Official opening of the Games by: [PAR] Her Excellency, the Right Honourable Jeanne Sauv\u00e9, Governor General of Canada, declared the XV Olympic Winter Games open. [PAR] Lighting of the Olympic Flame by: [PAR] Robyn Perry, a schoolgirl [PAR] Pierre Harvey (cross country skiing) [PAR] Officials' Oath by: [PAR] Suzanna Morrow -Francis (figure skating) [PAR] As a reference to the Winter Games, it consists of a stylized snowflake above the Olympic rings. It can also be seen as a stylized maple leaf, the national emblem of Canada. Composed of different letters \u201cC\u201d, for Canada and Calgary, the emblem is rich in symbolism. [PAR] On the obverse, the official emblem and the words \u201cXVes Jeux Olympiques d\u2019hiver, XV Olympic Winter Games, Calgary 1988\u201d. [PAR] On the reverse, the profile of an athlete crowned with an olive wreath and an Indian with a headdress composed of ski sticks, a bob, skis, skate blades, a stick, a luge and a rifle. [PAR] More info [PAR] Hidy and Howdy [PAR] The mascots' names represent the Calgary region's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Plaque honour for Lenny the Lion man Terry - Oldham News Oldham News | News Headlines | Plaque honour for Lenny the Lion man Terry - Chronicle Online [PAR] Chronicle Online [PAR] Plaque honour for Lenny the Lion man Terry [PAR] Date published: 14 September 2009 [PAR] POPULAR children\u2019s entertainer Terry Hall who shot to fame with puppet Lenny the Lion has been honoured in his home town. [PAR] His wife, Dee, unveiled a blue plaque in Middelton Road, Chadderton, close to the spot where the ventriloquist and \u201creal gentleman of showbusiness\u201d was born. [PAR] Dee was among 25 family members who travelled from as far as Germany for the celebration, organised by Chadderton Historical Society. [PAR] Describing Friday\u2019s event as emotional, Dee (65) said: \u201cTerry would be astounded, delighted and very honoured. He was very proud of his roots and often mentioned Chadderton, the people he grew up with and his family here. [PAR] \u201cHe was the ultimate professional \u2014 a real gentleman of showbusiness.\u201d [PAR] Terry, who went to St Patrick\u2019s School, Oldham and played the accordion at Nimble Nook Working Men\u2019s Club at the age of 12, left the borough in the 1950s to find fame and fortune . [PAR] The keen Latics fan was one of the first ventriloquists to use an animal puppet. [PAR] Lenny the Lion \u2014 whose catchphrase was \u201cAw don\u2019t embawass me\u201d \u2014 made his television debut on the variety show \u201cDress Rehearsal\u201d, which also featured another famous Oldhamer, Eric Sykes. [PAR] Terry and Lenny then fronted \u201cThe Lenny the Lion Show\u201d, \u201cLenny\u2019s Den\u201d and \u201cPops and Lenny\u201d, appearing with The Beatles in 1963. [PAR] They also starred in the United States on the \u201cEd Sullivan Show\u201d as their TV career continued into the 1980s. Terry died in 2007, at the age of 80. [PAR] Terry lived at 635 Middleton Road, which has since been demolished. The plaque (inset) was erected near by, at the corner of Middleton Road and Broadway. [PAR] Chadderton Historical Society worked closely with Terry\u2019s sister, Kathleen Behan, and niece, Lesley Guilfoyle, on the project over the last 18 months. [PAR] Kathleen (86) still lives in Chadderton. She said: \u201cTerry was a smashing bloke and an extremely good brother to me. [PAR] \u201cWhenever he was in the North he used to come to Chadderton to stay with me. Children would queue outside the house to see Lenny the Lion. [PAR] \u201cHe would have been astounded by this. He was the most unassuming person you could ever imagine.\u201d [PAR] Share:[DOC] [TLE] The Woman Who Lived: The Fact File - BBC - Home BBC One - Doctor Who, Series 9, The Woman Who Lived - The Woman Who Lived: The Fact File [PAR] Read more about sharing. [PAR] The Woman Who Lived: The Fact File [PAR] The read through for The Woman Who Lived took place on Monday, 30 March, 2015. Rufus Hound was interviewed about his involvement in the episode on the same day \u2013 you can see the video now ! [PAR] Me at the Battle of Agincourt [PAR] This is the first Doctor Who adventure written by Catherine Tregenna , although her previous credits include 4 episodes of Torchwood, one of which - Captain Jack Harkness - was nominated for a Hugo Award in 2008. [PAR] The Doctor sarcastically calls Me, \u2018Zorro\u2019 \u2013 a reference to the masked alter ego of Don Diego de la Vega, the fictional hero created in 1919 by Johnston McCulley. The word is Spanish for \u2018fox\u2019. [PAR] Me took an active role in the Battle of Agincourt, a pivotal confrontation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rivers | Texas Almanac Rivers | Texas Almanac [PAR] Texas Almanac [PAR] The Source For All Things Texan Since 1857 [PAR] Search the web [PAR] Environment [PAR] Texas Almanac \u00a9 2010 [PAR] There are 11,247 named Texas streams identified in the U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System. Their combined length is about 80,000 miles, and they drain 263,513 square miles within Texas. [PAR] Fourteen major rivers are described here, starting with the southernmost and moving northward (for secondary rivers and streams, click .): [PAR] Rio Grande [PAR] The Pueblo Indians called this river P\u2019osoge, which means the \u201criver of great water.\u201d In 1582, Antonio de Espejo of Nueva Vizcaya, Mexico, followed the course of the R\u00edo Conchos to its confluence with a great river, which Espejo named R\u00edo del Norte (River of the North). The name Rio Grande was first given the stream apparently by the explorer Juan de O\u00f1ate, who arrived on its banks near present-day El Paso in 1598. [PAR] Thereafter the names were often consolidated as R\u00edo Grande del Norte. It was shown also on early Spanish maps as R\u00edo San Buenaventura and R\u00edo Ganapetuan. In its lower course, it early acquired the name R\u00edo Bravo, which is its name on most Mexican maps. At times it has also been known as R\u00edo Turbio, probably because of its muddy appearance during its frequent rises. Some people erroneously call this watercourse the Rio Grande River. [PAR] This river forms the boundary of Texas and the international U.S.-Mexican border for 889 or 1,254 river miles, depending upon method of measurement. [PAR] Length of Major Rivers [PAR] 865 [PAR] From the original headwaters to the outflow point. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 2008. [PAR] The U.S. Geological Survey figure for the total length from its headwaters to its mouth on the Gulf of Mexico is 1,900 miles. [PAR] According to the USGS, the Rio Grande is tied with the St. Lawrence River (also 1,900 miles) as the fourth-longest North American river, exceeded only by the Missouri-Mississippi, McKenzie-Peace, and Yukon rivers. Since all of these except the Missouri-Mississippi are partly in Canada, the Rio Grande is the second-longest river entirely within or bordering the United States. It is Texas\u2019 longest river. [PAR] The snow-fed flow of the Rio Grande is used for irrigation in Colorado below the San Juan Mountains, where the river rises at the Continental Divide. Turning south, it flows through a canyon in northern New Mexico and again irrigates a broad valley of central New Mexico. Southern New Mexico impounds Rio Grande waters in Elephant Butte Reservoir for irrigation of the valley above and below El Paso. [PAR] The valley near El Paso is thought to be the oldest irrigated area in Texas because Indians were irrigating crops here when Spanish explorers arrived in the early 1500s. [PAR] From source to mouth, the Rio Grande drops 12,000 feet to sea level as a mountain torrent, desert stream, and meandering coastal river. Along its banks and in its valley, Europeans established some of their first North American settlements. Here are situated three of the oldest towns in Texas \u2014 Ysleta, Socorro, and San Elizario. [PAR] Because of the extensive irrigation, the Rio Grande virtually ends at the lower end of the El Paso valley, except in seasons of above-normal flow. [PAR] The river starts again as a perennially flowing stream where the R\u00edo Conchos of Mexico flows into it at Presidio-Ojinaga. Through the Big Bend, the Rio Grande flows through three successive canyons, the Santa Elena, the Mariscal, and the Boquillas. The Santa Elena has a river"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Coca-Cola Slogans History | Coca-Cola GB Coca-Cola Slogans History | Coca-Cola GB [PAR] . W.C. D\u2019Arcy was associated with [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] for the next four decades (he even served on the Board of Directors for a time) until his retirement in 1945. Together with his creative director, Archie Lee, he crafted some of the greatest slogans in advertising history. [PAR] While \u201cDelicious and Refreshing\u201d was part of the plan D\u2019Arcy\u2019s first big change was to add an arrow to all the advertising and packaging while adding the slogan, \u201cWhenever You See an Arrow, Think of [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] .\u201d In 1907 they added the slogans \u201cGood to the Last Drop,\u201d (yes, we beat Maxwell House with this one) to the advertising. [JM1] The team hit their stride by the 1920s when they created the \u201cThirst Knows No Season\u201d (1922) and our longest-running tagline, \u201cThe Pause That Refreshes\u201d (1929). That campaign was used in one form or another for almost three decades. [PAR] Advertising began to change after World War II, when music and sung jingles played an increasingly important role in campaigns. Slogans became shorter to fit into a catchy melody. By 1955, [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] began to look for another agency who specialised in the modern radio and television advertising. In 1956, McCann Erickson was named the lead worldwide advertising agency for [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] . The changes in advertising were dramatic, and when the McGuire Sisters sang \u201cBe Really Refreshed,\u201d the company was aligned with the times. [PAR] In 1963, Bill Backer, creative director for McCann, penned the jingle \u201cThings Go Better with Coke,\u201d and had the Limeliters record a demo in a run-down apartment on 57th Street in New York City. Backer had to splice together several tapes, and you could still hear several flaws in the recording. The company loved it and used that demo for the next six years! Backer also developed the slogan, \u201cIt\u2019s the Real Thing,\u201d for which he and his team wrote \u201c I\u2019d Like to Buy the World a Coke \u201d in 1971. [PAR] By 1993, with the constant evolution of advertising, The [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] Company once again switched agencies. We hired CAA (Creative Artists Agency) to develop ads for [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] . CAA would hire the best and brightest producers and directors in the field to produce ads based on the slogan, \u201cAlways [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] Polar Bears ) and Rob Reiner created the ads, and the jingle became an instant classic. [PAR] Animated ads have always been a staple of [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] advertising, and the \u201cCoke Side of Life\u201d (2006) and \u201cOpen Happiness\u201d (2009) campaigns featured some of the best the company has ever produced, including \u201cGrand Theft Auto,\u201d \u201cIt\u2019s Mine\u201d and \u201cHappiness Factory.\u201d [PAR] Slogans, by their very nature, are supposed to be \u201cmindstickers\u201d or \u201cearworms.\u201d The purpose of advertising is to make people associate a slogan with a brand. [PAR] Coca-Cola [PAR] is fortunate to have had some of the greatest creative talent in advertising work on our marketing. While the fictional Don Draper from Mad Men could always come up with a slogan, in the real world, industry giants like W. C. D\u2019Arcy, Archie Lee and Bill Backer produced some of the greatest slogans, jingles and ads of all time. [PAR] Ted Ryan is director of Heritage Communications at The [PAR] Coca-Cola"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Famous Criminals - Wright State University Famous Criminals [PAR] Department of Sociology and Anthropology [PAR] Wright State University [PAR] Famous criminals are those individuals whose criminal behaviors become widely known to the general public for their unscrupulous acts. Described below is a sample of individuals whose extreme transgressions have brought the ire or admiration of their communities and the attention of society as famous criminals. [PAR] Joseph ADONIS (1902 - 1972) [PAR] Adonis was born Joseph Doto. Alleged to be vane and self-centered, he changed his name to Joe Adonis, and was known to the inner-circle as \"Joey A.\". In 1927, with other underworld figures he formed the Seven Group to control the illicit alcohol trade. He was also involved in controlling gambling in sections of New Jersey and New York. In 1951 he pleaded guilty to violating New Jersey's gambling laws and served a two year prison term. Rather then encounter New York's indictment against him for violating their state gambling laws, as well as perjury charges brought about by the Federal Government concerning his citizenship, he accepted deportation to Milan, Italy, where he died of natural causes. [PAR] Albert ANASTASIA (1903 - 1957) [PAR] A senior Mafioso leader of New York's underworld, Albert Anastasia was known as the \"Lord High Executioner\" of Murder, Incorporated. He was involved in numerous violent criminal acts, the narcotics trade and those victimless crimes of gambling and prostitution. Appearing before Senator Estes Kefauver's United States Senate Crime Investigating Committee, Anastasia (with known organized crime figures Adonis, Cohen, Costello, Lansky and others) stated he was innocent of any wrong doing and lacked sufficient knowledge concerning the syndicate and its operations. He was shot to death while having a haircut in a New York Hotel. The murder was allegedly perpetrated by individuals representing Mafia leader Vito Genovese. [PAR] Arizona Donnie Clark \"Kate\" BARKER (1872 - 1935) [PAR] Known to the public as the infamous \"Ma\" Barker, she was born near Springfield, Missouri, and in 1892 married George Barker, with whom she had four sons, (viz.,) Herman, Lloyd, Dock and Fred. She instructed her sons and other known felons of the time on the mechanics of robbing banks and trains. Barker left her husband, undertaking a criminal career as maternal advisor to the so-called \"Barker Gang.\" She was also involved in extortion and kidnapping. Barker was killed in a shoot-out on Lake Weir, Florida, by Federal Bureau of Investigation agents headed by Edward J. Connelley. [PAR] Clyde Chestnut BARROW (1909 - 1934) [PAR] Part of the \"Bonnie and Clyde\" famous duo, Clyde Barrow was born to a Texas farm family. Prior to living with Bonnie Parker and undertaking a violent crime spree of robbing banks, he was involved in numerous robberies with his brother, Buck Barrow. After serving a prison sentence in Texas, Clyde Barrow increased his violent criminal activities. It was with Bonnie Parker, that Clyde Barrow, his brother Buck and his wife, Blanche, along with a robber named William Jones and a thief named Ray Hamilton, formed the legendary \"Barrow Gang.\" After a succession of robberies and murders, the [PAR] \"Barrow Gang\" disintegrated with the killing of Buck Barrow and the arrest of his wife, Blanche. It was on May 23, 1934, that Clyde Barrow with his partner, Bonnie Parker, died in an ambush conducted by famed lawman Frank Hammer and five other law enforcement officers outside of Gibsland, Louisiana. Hammer was known for hunting criminals as prey and attempting to think as they would in order to predict their next activity and implement his plans for capture. [PAR] Joseph BONNANO (1905"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Arabian Nights: One Thousand and One Nights Summary The Arabian Nights: One Thousand and One Nights Summary | GradeSaver [PAR] The Arabian Nights: One Thousand and One Nights Summary [PAR] The Arabian Nights: One Thousand and One Nights [PAR] Buy Study Guide [PAR] The Arabian Nights is a collection of tales from the Islamic Golden Age, compiled by various authors over many hundreds of years. [PAR] Though each collection features different stories, they are all centered around the frame story of the sultan Shahrayar and his wife, Scheherazade . After finding out that his first wife is unfaithful, Shahrayar kills her and swears to marry a different woman each night before killing her the following morning to prevent further betrayal. Scheherazade, his vizier's daughter, concocts a plan to end this pattern. She marries Shahrayar, and then begins to tell him a story that night. However, she stops the story in the middle, so that he will be excited to hear the rest the following night. The next evening, she finishes that story and then begins another, following the same pattern for 1,001 nights, until Shahrayar has a change of heart. The stories she tells comprise the collection. [PAR] \" Aladdin 's Lamp\" tells of a peasant boy who is tricked by an evil magician into retrieving a magic genie lamp from a cave. However, Aladdin outsmarts him, keeping the lamp for himself. Through the genie's power, Aladdin grows rich and marries the sultan's daughter. When the magician steals the lamp back, Aladdin and his wife thwart and kill the villain. The magician's brother then attempts to avenge the dead man, but is equally defeated, so that Aladdin lives happily ever after. [PAR] In \" Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves,\" hardworking Ali Baba stumbles upon a thieves' hideout full of treasure, protected by a magic entry. When Ali Baba accidentally reveals the secret to his richer brother Cassim , Cassim gets trapped in the hideout, and killed by the thieves. The villains then try to track down and kill Ali Baba, but their plans are consistently thwarted by the quick-witted slave Morgiana . [PAR] In \"The Three Apples,\" a fisherman finds a chest in the ocean containing a woman's body. Both her father and her husband try to take the blame, but the caliph discerns that the husband had killed her, believing her unfaithful. He had brought her three rare apples when she was sick, then got mad when he saw a slave with one of the apples, claiming he had received the fruit from his girlfriend. Believing the slave, he killed the woman. He then learned that his son had actually given the apple to the slave, who then lied to stir up trouble. The ruler's vizier Ja'far ascertains that his own slave is the culprit, and the caliph pardons everyone. [PAR] \"The Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor\" are told by a famous sailor to an impoverished porter, to explain the trials and tribulations that the sailor suffered at sea. Over the course of his seven voyages, Sinbad faced: various shipwrecks; strange beasts such as giant eagles, rocs, and giants; malicious figures such as the Old Man of the Sea ; and many other obstacles. Even though he dealt with danger on every voyage, Sinbad continued to sail, lured by the thrill and excitement of the sea. Finally, after seven voyages, he decided to settle down with his wealth. [PAR] \"The Fisherman and the Jinni\" tells the story of a fisherman whose nets retrieve a yellow jar from the sea. He opens it to release"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Paloma Faith \u2014 Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality ... Paloma Faith \u2014 Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality Ancestry Race [PAR] by wanderer on January 3, 2016 [PAR] Birth Name: Paloma Faith Blomfield [PAR] Place of Birth: Camden, London, England [PAR] Date of Birth: 21 July, 1981 [PAR] Ethnicity: English, Spanish [PAR] Paloma Faith is an English singer, songwriter, and actress. Her father, Jose Ramon Blomfield, is Spanish, and her mother, Pamela F. (Oakes-Ash), is English. Given that her father\u2019s surname is English, Paloma\u2019s father possibly also has English ancestry. [PAR] Paloma has said : [PAR] My Spanish grandmother\u2026 lives in Norfolk. She has a very strong Spanish accent, sings in a choir and is Catholic. She doesn\u2019t have a close relationship with her son; he never introduced me to her. I got in touch as my mum encouraged me to connect with her. I never met my Spanish granddad. [PAR] photo by www.prphotos.com"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bridal Veil Falls | Marriott Niagara Falls Bridal Veil Falls | Marriott Niagara Falls [PAR] Home \u203a [PAR] Bridal Veil Falls [PAR] With a water trail that looks like a bride\u2019s veil, the flowing waters of the Bridal Veil Falls in Niagara Falls, New York is a popular tourist attraction. The Niagara Falls consists of three falls\u2013the mighty, crescent shaped Horseshoe Falls, the equally voluminous American Falls and the smallest of the lot, the Bridal Veil Falls. In the past, this waterfall has also been called Luna Falls and Iris Falls. [PAR] 181 Feet High [PAR] It is the only one among the three falls which visitors can get the closest to on land. The American and Bridal Veil Falls are located side by side with the Luna Island separating them, while Goat Island splits it from the Horseshoe Falls. The waterfall is around 55 feet wide and falls from a height of 181 feet, crashing into the Niagara River below. It is accessible from two places on the US side\u2013Luna Island and the Cave of the Winds tour from Goat Island . An uninhabited place, Luna Island enables you to get close to the edge of the Bridal Veil Falls. Visitors can walk across the small island to a viewpoint that overlooks the falls. [PAR] Cave of the Winds [PAR] The Cave of the Winds Tour is very exciting as you are literally showered with the water from the Bridal Veil Falls as you stand below. An elevator takes you 175 feet down to the base of the gorge, after which wooden walkways lead you to the Hurricane Deck. This is the place where you can be unbelievably close to the falls and touch and feel the waters as it falls down on you from far above. The Hurricane Deck is so called because of the storm-like conditions there with the heavy winds, the thundering sound of the waterfall and the spray pouring down upon you. You understand the power and beauty of nature as you experience this waterfall at such close quarters. For people with disabilities and families with very young children, another deck 150 feet away enables a great view without getting wet. [PAR] Maid of the Mist [PAR] One more way to view the falls from a different angle is to take the thrilling Maid of the Mist boat ride. It takes you to all three falls and you can view the Bridal Veil Falls from the boat, cruising along the Niagara River. Bring along a waterproof camera to capture pictures from all these viewpoints as each one offers a different perspective. If you wish to have an aerial view of all three falls, head to the Prospect Point Observation Tower. You can see the Bridal Veil Falls from a height of 230 feet here, so it makes for a lovely panoramic view. [PAR] Good things come in small packages is a saying that holds true for the Bridal Veil Falls\u2013small it may be but experiencing it gives you a big thrill. [PAR] Stay at the #1 ranked hotel in Niagara Falls, the Marriott Fallsview Hotel & Spa. For our best rates and valuable add-ons view our:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Welcome to Aberystwyth Welcome to Aberystwyth [PAR] \u00a9 Crown copyright (2013) Visit Wales [PAR] The Castle [PAR] Long before the Normans began their castle-building program, Iron Age settlers used the hilltop called Pen Dinas to build a huge fortification, which still dominates the skyline as you approach Aberystwyth from the south and reminds us of the skills of its ancient builders. [PAR] The first Norman castle was a ringwork affair castle, built in the early 12th Century. Inevitably, the earth and timber defences proved too vulnerable and a new site was chosen for a castle in Aberystwyth itself. This time it was the Welsh, led by Llywelyn the Great who built the castle and it changed hands several times before finally became useless against new weapons. The last castle built at Aberystwyth once ranked among the greatest in Wales but today, lies entirely ruined and offering only a faint image of its once impressive past. [PAR] How then did Aberystwyth Castle become such a ruin? Amazingly, as early as the 14th century, the concentric fortress began to decay. By 1343, large portions of the main gateway and drawbridges, and the outer bailey were falling down. The closeness of the castle to the pounding sea causing much of the decay. [PAR] In 1404, Owain Glyndwr seized the crumbling fortress. Within a few years the English regained possession but after 1408, Aberystwyth Castle lost its strategic value to the monarchy, and only minor repairs were attempted. During the Civil War, the castle became a victim of Oliver Cromwell's ruthless policy of slighting because the garrison sided with the king, Charles I. Most of the castle stone was pilfered by locals to build their homes. [PAR] The Railway [PAR] The Aberystwyth Electric Cliff Railway is the longest electric cliff railway in Britain. It climbs Constitution Hill from the northern end of the town's promenade with trains running every few minutes during the spring, summer and early autumn. [PAR] Reaching the summit reveals an amazing panorama which on a clear day extends as far as the Preseli Hills in Pembrokeshire to the south, while the whole expanse of Cardigan Bay opens out to the west and the mountains of Snowdonia to the North can also be seen. There is a cafe at the summit and the famous Camera Obscura. The present building is a recreation of the Victorian original. As the carefully-balanced mirror revolves, detailed views of the surrounding countryside are thrown onto the table in the centre of the building. [PAR] The Cliff Railway also provides the simplest start to the beautiful walk over the cliff-tops to Clarach Bay, from where you can catch a bus back to Aberystwyth. [PAR] Cilgerran Castle in Pembrokeshire, West Wales is some 43 miles south west from Aberystwyth. [PAR] [PAR] Aberystwyth.com is no longer supporting email addresses on this domain, due to the fact that the domain is now under new ownership. Please make other arrangements for your email and let your contacts know as soon as possible. [PAR] As a short term measure, we may be able to arrange mail forwarding to your new email address. Contact us at mailadmin@croeso.com[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Wales - Nature - surfing mini site - Surfing in ... BBC - Wales - Nature - surfing mini site - Surfing in Aberystwyth [PAR] Surfing in Aberystwyth [PAR] South East [PAR] Aberystwyth [PAR] A popular student and seaside town, Aberystwyth has been attracting surfers for decades all keen to experience the delights of the Harbour Trap on a big swell. [PAR] The main problem with this beach is consistency as"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1986: Prince Andrew weds Sarah Ferguson - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 23 | 1986: Prince Andrew weds Sarah Ferguson [PAR] 1986: Prince Andrew weds Sarah Ferguson [PAR] Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson have married at Westminster Abbey. [PAR] Thousands of people lined the streets of London and a worldwide TV audience of 500 million tuned in to catch a glimpse of the pageantry. [PAR] Miss Ferguson arrived at the 900-year-old church at 1130 BST - only a couple of minutes late - after riding from Clarence House in the Glass Coach with her father, Sir Ronald. [PAR] Inside, 2,000 people, amid 30,000 flowers, watched the bride make her four-minute walk up the blue-carpeted aisle, sweeping a 17-foot train behind her. [PAR] As well as the families of the bride and groom, guests included 17 members of foreign royalty, US First Lady Nancy Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. [PAR] Title deed [PAR] The Queen conferred Prince Andrew with the title Duke of York - last held by King George VI and traditionally reserved for the sovereign's second son - just 90 minutes before the ceremony. [PAR] Prince Edward was best man to his 26-year-old brother and Prince Charles read the lesson in a service conducted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Robert Runcie. [PAR] As the couple exchanged their vows cheers could be heard from the crowd outside. [PAR] The new Duchess of York mistakenly repeated Prince Andrew's middle name, Christian, and agreed to obey her husband - a clause omitted by Princess Diana in her 1981 marriage to Prince Charles. [PAR] After they had signed the register the couple rode in the open-topped 1902 State Landau to Buckingham Palace. [PAR] The Duchess looked radiant in her ivory duchesse satin dress, next to the Duke - four months her junior - in the ceremonial day dress of a naval lieutenant. [PAR] A crowd of 100,000 clamoured to see their first public kiss as man and wife on the balcony of the Palace. [PAR] Following their wedding party for 300 guests at Claridges Hotel, the couple will honeymoon in the Azores."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Goose Fair 5 - 9 October 2016 - Nottingham City Council Goose Fair 4 - 8 October 2017 [PAR] Goose Fair 4 - 8 October 2017 [PAR] Goose Fair 4 - 8 October 2017 [PAR] Nottingham Goose Fair thrills and delights city residents and visitors! In 2015 over 400,000 people visited the fair! [PAR] Opening times [PAR] Location: Forest Recreation Ground, NG7 6HB [PAR] What to Expect at Goose Fair [PAR] With more than 720 years of history, Nottingham Goose Fair is one of Europe's most famous travelling fairs, and is still a fantastic event that delights all ages. [PAR] How to trade at Goose Fair [PAR] Every autumn, the Forest Recreation Ground hosts over 500 attractions, from the latest white knuckle experiences, family rides and the old favourites including waltzers, carousels and Hook-a-Duck. Other rides that have proved very popular in recent years are rides like Air, Airmaxx, AtmosFear, Bomber Mach 2, Crazy Bulls, the Giant Wheel, Moondance, Mouse coasters, Reverse Bungee, Rock Rage, Sea Storm, and Star Flyer. [PAR] This stellar presentation is joined by all the other favourites such as Dodgems, Dragon Coaster, Extremes, Freakouts, Frogs, Ghost Trains, Matterhorns, Miamis, Sizzler Twists, Superbowls, Super Spins, Super Stars, as well as Waltzers and Funhouses. For the traditionalists there are the Cake Walk, Gallopers (carousels), Helter Skelters, Rotors. The Super Skid also returns after missing the 2014 fair. Numerous games of skill are on offer to, including darts, hook a ducks, hooplas and cranes (grabbers). [PAR] Food is always a highlight at the Fair. Along with the traditional Goose Fair food of mushy peas and mint sauce, candy floss and brandy snaps, visitors will be able to eat their way around the world with chestnuts and doughnuts to food from the Caribbean, Chinese noodles, Indian kebabs, Spanish churros, paella and French crepes. [PAR] As always, admission to the ground is free. [PAR] Ride Charges [PAR] In 2015 most rides cost between \u00a31.50 to \u00a35.00. The majority were charged at \u00a32 - \u00a33. Specialised rides charged between \u00a34.00 and \u00a36.00. Children's rides were \u00a31.00 to \u00a32.00. [PAR] Location[DOC] [TLE] Some Historical Goose Fair Events and Dates | MumblingNerd ... Some Historical Goose Fair Events and Dates | MumblingNerd's Mumbling Blog [PAR] Some Historical Goose Fair Events and Dates [PAR] These dates are all taken from my \u2018 Events and dates in Nottingham\u2019s history \u2019 pages. [PAR] 1346 [PAR] Goose Fair (or Goods Fair as it was originally known) was cancelled because of the Black Death [PAR] 1541 [PAR] The first documented reference to Nottingham\u2019s ancient Goose Fair appears in the Nottingham Borough Records [PAR] 1634 [PAR] The Mayor, Sheriff and Aldermen were required to officially open Goose Fair by reading out a proclamation and ringing bells [PAR] 1646 [PAR] Goose Fair was cancelled because of the plague [PAR] September 1752 [PAR] The year the calendar was revised, missing out 11 days of September, was one of the few occasions Nottingham\u2019s Goose Fair was not held [PAR] 2 October 1753 [PAR] The date of Goose Fair was switched from September to start every year on 2 October [PAR] 2 October 1766 [PAR] Nottingham\u2019s \u2018Great Cheese Riot\u2019 took place at Goose Fair over the high cost of cheese, during which the Mayor was knocked down by a large rolling cheese [PAR] 2 October 1855 [PAR] Nottingham\u2019s Goose Fair had its first big hand-turned roundabout; Twigdon\u2019s Riding Machine [PAR] October 1859 [PAR] A special train carrying Goose Fair revellers from Nottingham to Derby was hit by a mail train near Trent Station, killing seven people and injuring many others [PAR] October"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are Longitudes and Latitudes - Time and Date AS Understanding Longitudes and Latitudes [PAR] The Equator passes through 14 countries, including Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Indonesia, Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil. [PAR] Imaginary Circles [PAR] Often called parallels or circles of latitude, latitudes are imaginary circles parallel to the Equator. They are named after the angle created by a line connecting the latitude and the center of the Earth, and the line connecting the Equator and the center of the Earth. [PAR] Latitudes specify the North-South position of a location on the globe. Locations in the Northern Hemisphere are identified by northern latitudes and are assigned a suffix of N for north. Southern Hemisphere locations, on the other hand, are on southern latitudes and are assigned a suffix of S for south. [PAR] Notable Latitudes [PAR] The Equator represents 0\u00b0 latitude, while the North and South Poles represent 90\u00b0 North and 90\u00b0 South latitudes. In addition to the Equator, there are four other major latitudes that are usually found on maps and globes. [PAR] The Arctic Circle is the latitude 66\u00b0 34\u2032 North. All locations falling North of this latitude are said to be in the Arctic Circle. The Antarctic Circle on the other hand, is the latitude 66\u00b0 34\u2032 south. Any locations falling south of this latitude are said to be in the Antarctic Circle. [PAR] Places in both these circles experience extreme weather, and experience the midnight sun, as well as polar nights. [PAR] The latitude 23\u00b0 26\u2032 North is also known as the Tropic of Cancer. It marks the northern-most position on the Earth, where the Sun is directly overhead at least once a year. This happens during the June Solstice , when the Earth\u2019s Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. [PAR] The Tropic of Capricorn is the latitude that lies at 23\u00b0 26\u2032 South of the Equator. It is the southern-most position on the globe, where the sun is directly overhead during the December Solstice . [PAR] Sometimes, latitudes north of the Equator are denoted by a positive sign. Latitudes south of the Equator are given negative values. This eliminates the need to add whether the specified latitude is north or south of the Equator. [PAR] East-West Locations [PAR] Longitudes are geographical positioning markers that run from the geographical North Pole to the geographical South Pole, intersecting the Equator. They meet at both Poles, and specify the East-West position of a location. [PAR] Longitudes are therefore imaginary circles that intersect the North and South Poles, and the Equator. Half of a longitudinal circle is known as a Meridian. Meridians are perpendicular to every latitude. [PAR] Unlike, latitudes, there is no obvious central longitude. However, in order to measure the position of a location based on the longitude, cartographers and geographers over the course of history have designated different locations as the main longitudinal reference point. Today, the meridian line through Greenwich, England is considered as the reference point for longitudes. This line is also known as the Prime Meridian [PAR] The Prime Meridian is set as 0\u00b0 longitude and it divides the Earth into the Eastern and the Western Hemisphere. All the other longitudes are measured, and named after the angle they make with respect to the center of the Earth from the intersection of the Meridian and the Equator. [PAR] Since a sphere has 360 degrees, the Earth is divided into 360 longitudes. The meridian right opposite the Prime Meridian (on the other side of the Earth) is the 180\u00b0 longitude. [PAR] Modern timekeeping systems use longitudes as references to keep time. Time"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex | English statesman ... Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex | English statesman | Britannica.com [PAR] Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex [PAR] English statesman [PAR] Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex [PAR] English statesman [PAR] William Laud [PAR] Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex, (born c. 1485, Putney, near London \u2014died July 28, 1540, probably London), principal adviser (1532\u201340) to England\u2019s Henry VIII , chiefly responsible for establishing the Reformation in England, for the dissolution of the monasteries, and for strengthening the royal administration. At the instigation of his enemies he was eventually arrested for heresy and treason and executed. [PAR] Thomas Cromwell, engraving after a painting by Hans Holbein the Younger, c. 1537. [PAR] The Print Collector/Heritage-Images [PAR] Rise to power. [PAR] Cromwell\u2019s early life is obscure. It appears that he went abroad at an early age and spent some time in Italy. For several years after 1510 he was resident in the Low Countries , and he seems to have been closely connected with the London Merchant Adventurers . By 1520 he had entered Cardinal Wolsey\u2019s service as his solicitor, and from that time his career is well documented. Wolsey employed him in 1525 in the dissolution of some lesser monasteries, in which work he earned a good deal of dislike. The Cardinal, however, continued to favour him, and Cromwell soon became his confidential adviser. [PAR] When Wolsey fell into disgrace in 1529, Cromwell entered Parliament, where his remarkable ability attracted the notice of the King. For nearly three years he worked his way up in the royal favour, entering Henry\u2019s service early in 1530. He was sworn into the council toward the end of that year and reached the inner circle of confidential advisers a year later. All the time, he was establishing his ascendancy in the House of Commons . In 1532 he obtained office as master of the jewels. Other offices soon followed: principal secretary and master of the rolls in 1534 and lord privy seal in 1536. The last office was combined with a peerage, and he took the title of Lord Cromwell of Wimbledon. [PAR] Cromwell and the Reformation [PAR] Cromwell\u2019s part in the English Reformation has been much debated. At one time he was credited with supplying Henry with a complete plan of action as early as 1529; later it became usual to see in him nothing but the King\u2019s most competent executive agent. The truth seems to be that he was in no way in charge until early in 1532, taking over when the King\u2019s policy of forcing the Pope to come to terms had proved to be a failure. It was, to all appearances, Cromwell who then came forward with a clear notion of how to achieve Henry\u2019s purpose without the Pope . His policy consisted in making a reality of some large and vague claims to supreme power that Henry had uttered at intervals. He proposed to destroy Rome\u2019s power in England and to replace it by the royal supremacy in the church. He was behind the first attacks on the papacy (1532) and the act against the payment by bishops of their first year\u2019s revenue to Rome. He secured the submission of the clergy to the King in matters of legislation, and in 1533 he secured the passage of the Act in Restraint of Appeals to Rome, preventing appeals to Rome in matrimonial and testamentary cases. Its preamble embodied his political theory of the sovereign national state. Thereafter he was in complete control of the government, though he remained careful to pretend to be"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Dipsophobia? - Health Guide Info What is Dipsophobia? [PAR] What is Dipsophobia? [PAR] written by: jason1244 \u2022 edited by: Paul Arnold \u2022 updated: 3/8/2011 [PAR] \u201cMy mother\u2019s father drank and her mother was an unhappy, neurotic woman, and I think she has lived all her life afraid of anyone who drinks for fear something like that might happen to her\" is a quote by John Hurt who is probably best known as the lead actor in \u201cThe Elephant Man\". Can you relate? [PAR] slide 1 of 5 [PAR] What is Dipsophobia? [PAR] Dipsophobia is an abnormal and persistent fear of drinking alcohol. If you have what might be considered an undue anxiety about becoming addicted to alcohol and you are concerned about the effect that it could have on your body, you could be suffering from dipsophobia. The opposite of dipsophobia is dipsomania or a strong desire or cravings for alcohol, but that\u2019s another article. [PAR] slide 2 of 5 [PAR] What are the Causes of Dipsophobia? [PAR] Like many phobias dipsophobia is caused by irrational thoughts about your situation or some object that you may be focused on, but actually presents no danger to you. The natural thing to do under these circumstances is to avoid the things that frighten you. If you are dipsophobic, you may try to avoid environments where people will be drinking or you may choose not to associate with drinkers at all in your personal life. The debate about the causes of phobic behavior in the mental health community are many, some believe it could be a result of trauma, or a learned behavior from your parents and/or a chemical imbalance in the brain. [PAR] slide 3 of 5 [PAR] What are the Symptoms of Dipsophobia? [PAR] People who suffer from phobias often share the same or similar physical symptoms when they feel threatened or anxious. The symptoms can come simultaneously or be sequential. Take a look at the partial list below to see if you recognize any of the symptoms. [PAR] Panic and fear (terror, extreme fright, feeling like you might die) [PAR] Rapid heartbeat (you can actually feel your heart beat in your chest) [PAR] Shortness of breath (tightness in your throat and/or chest) [PAR] Trembling (shaking hands, weak knees and general nervousness) [PAR] A strong desire to get away (all you can think about is the exit) [PAR] Nausea (swirling feeling in your stomach, dizziness in your head) [PAR] Sweating (sweaty hands, under arms, forehead and/or legs) [PAR] slide 4 of 5"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] world's first News - 50wire.com world's first News [PAR] Avatar-style S. Korean manned robot takes first baby steps [PAR] Tuesday, December 27 - 6:59 AM France 24 [PAR] A giant South Korean-built manned robot that walks like a human but makes the ground shake under its weight has taken its first baby steps. Designed by a veteran of science fiction blockbusters,... [ Read More ][DOC] [TLE] Companies past & Present - Google Sites Companies past & Present [PAR] Companies past & Present [PAR] This me now & Then [PAR] [PAR] I born in1964 in Derby/Derbyshire, in 1990 when I started to collect yesteryear toy models my first model cost me 69p now I pay from \u00a310 to \u00a330 per model, when I visited some museum I thought about writing a book about companies the company I started with was Kelloggo's & I continued with the rest of the companies. [PAR] I have being collecting Yesteryear Toy Models for over twenty years, My first model cost 69p now I pay upto \u00a330 per model. I am writing a book about companies past & Present & the money from My book is going to my six Chosen charities , as well as writing a book I do voluntary work at Barnardo's Babington Lane Derby, please donate you unwanted good quality items, we are also be doing a fundraising at St Peters Church in Derby City Centre which have raised \u00a3563 & I help run a canteen on a Friday night with the local Boys Brigade which has finished for the winter session back there in September. [PAR] Here is part of my book I am writing about [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Kellogg\u2019s story starts way Back in Missachies in the 19th century the Kellogg family lived. John Preston Kellogg was a farmer with his wife Anne and their family, they were Avoneon Christians. Their fifth son John Harvey was born on 26 February 1852; he will be come a beacon healthy living but he became ill almost died of acvoice he stayed away from school until he was nine. Soon after the family moved to Battle Creek, his father opened a successful broom factory and put John Harvey to work at the factory when he was eleven but he didn\u2019t want to work at the factory. He decided to become a teacher; his family became part of the seventh day anarchist. In 1864 when he was twelve the white gave him a job printing plantlets, which he enjoyed. In 1866 the seventh Day group opened a converlession home. In 1874 after he obtained a loan from the whites, he enrolled at the Bellmore Medical Hospital. Under two years he was awarded a degree in medicine. In 1877 John Harvey launched the sanatorium Health food Company, he and his brother Wilks Keith spent most days in the kitchen to try out different kinds of healthy foods. He has been married to his wife Helen for over forty years; he and his wife Helen adopted forty orphans. [PAR] [PAR] In 1906 the man who helped organise the very first breakfast cereal turning his whole attendation on to producing this connivance food. One appetising taste led to another. Introducing corn wheat and rice cereals, Kellogg Company grew in both sizes and popularity as the better-to-eat cereal industry, not just in America but also throughout the world. The first supplies of cornflakes and all-brand arrived in Britain from Canada in 1924. In 1928 Rice Krispies was added, and in 1936 work began on building a factory in Trafford Park, Manchester. A Nottinghamshire housewife"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Justice and Development Party | political party, Turkey ... Justice and Development Party | political party, Turkey | Britannica.com [PAR] Justice and Development Party [PAR] Alternative Titles: Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi, AK Parti, AK Party, AKP [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] Turkey [PAR] Justice and Development Party, Turkish Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi (AKP), also called AK Party or Turkish AK Parti, political party that came to power in Turkey in the general elections of 2002. In spite of the party\u2019s nonconfessional mandate , the AKP draws significant support from nonsecular Turks and has faced objections from some segments of Turkish society that it harbours an Islamist agenda that could undermine Turkey\u2019s secular foundation. [PAR] The success of the AKP in the early 2000s can be traced to inroads made in the 1990s by the Welfare Party (WP; Refah Partisi), an Islamic party founded in 1983. Buoyed by the increasing role of Islam in Turkish life in the 1980s and \u201990s\u2014evidenced by changes in dress and appearance, segregation of the sexes, the growth of Islamic schools and banks, and support for Sufi orders\u2014the WP won an overwhelming victory in the 1995 parliamentary elections and became the first Islamic party ever to win a general election in Turkey. In January 1998, however, the WP was banned by Turkey\u2019s constitutional court on charges of disturbing the secular order. A number of its members joined another Islamic party, the newly formed Virtue Party (VP; Fazilet Partisi), but in June 2001 it too was banned. [PAR] In August a group led by Abdullah G\u00fcl and Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (a former mayor of Istanbul [1994\u201398]) struck out to form the AKP\u2014or AK Party, ak in Turkish also meaning \u201cwhite\u201d or \u201cclean\u201d\u2014as a democratic, conservative , nonconfessional movement. Unlike its predecessors, the AKP did not centre its image around an Islamic identity; indeed, its leaders underscored that it was not an Islamist party and emphasized that its focus was democratization, not the politicization of religion. Nevertheless, the political roots of the AKP and its leadership, some of the party\u2019s political endeavours (including proposed regulation of the display and advertisement of alcohol), and the head scarves worn by some AKP leaders\u2019 wives\u2014including Emine Erdo\u011fan and Hayr\u00fcnnisa G\u00fcl\u2014meant that the AKP was viewed with suspicion by some segments of the Turkish population. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Labour Party [PAR] In spite of the fact that the AKP was a relatively new party, it won enough seats in the November 2002 parliamentary elections to earn an absolute majority in the 550-seat parliament. Although Erdo\u011fan was legally barred from serving in parliament or as prime minister because of a 1998 conviction for inciting religious hatred\u2014he had recited a poem that compared mosques to barracks, minarets to bayonets, and the faithful to an army\u2014a constitutional amendment passed in December 2002 effectively removed Erdo\u011fan\u2019s disqualification. After he won a by-election on March 9, 2003, Erdo\u011fan was asked by Pres. Ahmet Necdet Sezer to form a new government, and on May 14, 2003, Erdo\u011fan took office as prime minister. At the AKP\u2019s first general assembly, held in October of that year, members unanimously reelected Erdo\u011fan as the party\u2019s chairman. The next year the AKP was broadly successful in local elections. [PAR] Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, 2008. [PAR] Photo by Serkan Eldeleklioglu-Bora Omerogullari-Ozan Atasoy/Copyright World Economic Forum (www.weforum.org) [PAR] Tensions that had been simmering between Turkey\u2019s secularist parties and the AKP were heightened in 2007, when attempts by the parliament to elect G\u00fcl to the country\u2019s presidency were blocked by an opposition boycott . In response to the subsequent stalemate, early general elections were held"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] About the Bank | Bank of England About the Bank | Bank of England [PAR] \u200b [PAR] \u200b [PAR] Nationalised in 1946, the Bank is a corporation wholly owned by the UK government. Overseen by a board of directors known as Court, the Bank is accountable to both Parliament and the public. Find out more about how we are governed\u2026 more [PAR] [PAR] \u200b [PAR] \u200b [PAR] The Bank\u2019s history runs parallel to the economic and financial history of the United Kingdom. Events and circumstances over the past 300 years have shaped the role and responsibilities of the modern-day Bank. Find out more about our history\u2026 more [PAR] [PAR] Pamphlet on the Bank\u2019s mission, the Bank today, brief architectural history and more. [PAR] External Links[DOC] [TLE] Who Owns the Bank of England? | Economics Help Who Owns the Bank of England? | Economics Help [PAR] Home > Economics help blog > economics > Who Owns the Bank of England? [PAR] Who Owns the Bank of England? [PAR] Tejvan Pettinger [PAR] Readers Question: Who Owns the Bank of England? [PAR] The Bank of England is owned by Her Majesty\u2019s Government. [PAR] From Bank of England website [PAR] \u201cAs a public organisation, wholly-owned by Government, and with a significant public policy role, the Bank is accountable to Parliament\u201d [PAR] Bank of England [PAR] The Bank of England was set up by, ironically, a Scotsman \u2013 William Paterson. It was initially a private bank in 1694 acting as lender to the Government. [PAR] The Bank was given a Royal Charter, and in 1844, the Bank Charter Act gave the Bank of England sole right to issue notes and coins. [PAR] The Bank of England was nationalised in 1946. (Nationalisation means government takes ownership) [PAR] In 1997, the Bank of England was given independence over Monetary Policy. [PAR] Amusing Yahoo Answers \u2013 Who Own Bank of England? [PAR] \u2013 The Queen (source: history class), The Saudis, The public \u2013 so go help yourself \u2026.. [PAR] Update: For some reason, many people think the Bank of England is privately owned by the Rothschilds. (There is a similar conspiracy theory about the US Federal Reserve). I wrote to the Bank of England and asked for clarification. This was there reply. [PAR] The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and was established as a corporate body by Royal Charter under the Bank of England Act 1694. The Bank was nationalised on 1 March 1946, and gained operational independence to set interest rates in 1997 (the Bank of England Act 1998 Part II sets out the responsibilities and objectives of the Bank in relation to monetary policy). [PAR] The Bank is a public sector institution, wholly-owned by the government, but accountable to Parliament. The entire capital of the Bank is, in fact, held by the Treasury solicitor on behalf of HM Treasury. Each year, the Bank is required to submit its Report and Accounts to Parliament, via the Chancellor of the Exchequer. For more information you may be interested to see the Bank\u2019s latest Report and Accounts, which can be found on our website at: [PAR] www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/annualreport/index.htm [PAR] As to the supposed \u2018Rothschild\u2019 connection, I don\u2019t know why people should think that the family own us. But a number of the Rothschilds have served on the Bank\u2019s Court of Directors over the years. [PAR] This entry was posted in economics . Bookmark the permalink . [PAR] Post navigation"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pakistani Languages |Languages of Pakistan Pakistani Languages |Languages of Pakistan [PAR] Nov 2, 2011 [PAR] Pakistani Languages [PAR] Languages of Pakistan.Pakistan is considered to be a special country where many languages are spoken. Every person knows that language shows the heritage, culture and identity of people. According to survey that almost 200 languages are spoken in Pakistan. Since many years, the official language of Pakistan was the Persian. But before the British came, Urdu language was created or developed. Pakistan has many distinctive and different languages such as Urdu, Punjabi, English, Sindhi, Pashto and balochi. [PAR] Urdu is considered to be the national language of Pakistan and it is the perfect combination of many languages like Arabic, Persian and many local languages. It is very much similar to Hindi. If we talk about Sindhi language then it is spoken in the sindh province. According to survey that almost 26 million people speak Sindhi in Pakistan. It is considered to be an Indo-Aryan language. Moreover, Sindhi language has 15 vowels and 47 consonant phonemes. Furthermore, in case of Pashto language, it is spoken in the province of North West Frontier Province. This language is also known as pathani. This language is considered to be an Iranian language. Moreover, Punjabi language is spoken in the Punjab province. It is considered to be an indo-European language. Balochi language is spoken in the Baluchistan province and it is considered to be an Iranian language and it is much similar like Kurdish language. Apart from all these languages, English is considered to be an official language now a days. This language is used in order to communicate with other countries all over the world. [PAR] It became the official and national language of Pakistan during the 11th century. If we talk about the history of Urdu language then the mughal leaders gave importance and significance to the Urdu language and made this language as an official language. Moreover, Urdu language uses the identical or similar letters as the Farsi and Arabic language. On the other hand, the Urdu speaker does not normally pronounce each letter in Urdu as Arabic speakers normally pronounce. Moreover, Urdu language has similar words as in Farsi language. Furthermore, during the 20th century, Pakistan plays a very important role in world events in order to promote the Urdu language. Apart from Urdu language, English also became an important and official language and now government officials use English language in order to conduct the business. [PAR] On the whole after discussing the Pakistani languages it is easy to conclude that there are many languages spoken in Pakistan but the two most important are Urdu and English. Government of Pakistan should organize different events both at national and international events in order to promote the Urdu language. Finally, today Urdu language is getting rapidly popularity all over the world and now its become an identity that Urdu language is the national language of Pakistan."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A Brief History Of AOL | Fast Company | Business + Innovation A Brief History Of AOL | Fast Company | Business + Innovation [PAR] A Brief History Of AOL [PAR] David Lumb 05.12.15 1:15 PM [PAR] Verizon announced today that it is buying AOL for $4.4 billion, probably to help Verizon better stream video online, especially to mobile devices, says The Washington Post . AOL is one of the only other pre-dotcom veterans, alongside Yahoo, to keep chugging along despite being left in the dust by younger tech juggernauts like Google and Facebook. Here\u2019s a quick timeline of AOL\u2019s fascinating history: [PAR] 1983: AOL begins life as Control Video Corporation, which was founded by Bill von Meister and had one product: GameLine, a service that hooked your Atari 2600 to your phone line to rent games for $1. Control Video Corporation went bust in a year, and was reborn as Quantum Computer Services to further develop its phone-data tech. Steve Case, later to become the CEO of AOL, is part of the 10% of employees who survived the rebirth. Case quickly rises through the ranks. [PAR] 1985: Quantum Computer Services can\u2019t let go of over-the-phone gaming, and it launches dedicated a online gaming service called \"Q-Link\" for the Commodore 64 and 128 game consoles. Three years later, Quantum Computer Services launches PC-Link and partners with Apple to launch AppleLink, both pre-Internet online services. [PAR] 1989: Quantum Computer Services and Apple end their partnership. Quantum Computer Services renames itself America Online. Two years later, America Online for DOS is released, and a year after that, America Online for Windows. [PAR] 1996: America Online leaves behind its pay-per-hour system for a flat $19.95 monthly fee for dial-up Internet. The modern Internet era begins. Millions of America Online trial CDs are repurposed as frisbees. [PAR] November 1998: America Online announces its purchase of Netscape, makers of the dominant browser of the era, Netscape Navigator. [PAR] 2001: America Online and Time Warner merge. Things go sour almost from the get-go : company cultures don\u2019t mix, broadband Internet eats up America Online\u2019s customers, and the dotcom bubble annihilates the company\u2019s stock worth from $226 billion to $20 billion. Thus begins the fall of America Online. A year later, CEO Steve Case is replaced by Jonathan Miller. [PAR] 2006: America Online ditches its full name to just be known as AOL, which the world had been calling it for over a decade anyway. Business is still struggling. A year later, AOL moves its corporate headquarters from Virginia to New York City, liquidating 40% of its workforce (2,000 people) in the process. CEO Jonathan Miller is replaced by Randy Falco. Many awkward acquisitions follow, like social networking site Bebo for $850 million (which Bebo's founder bought back from AOL in 2013, for just $1 million ). [PAR] March 2009: AOL hires former Googler Tim Armstrong as chairman and CEO. Two months later, Time Warner spins AOL back off as its own company. AOL goes on a shopping spree, buying Patch Media\u2019s network of hyperlocal news cells (which Armstrong cofounded) and, in September 2010, buying technology reporting site TechCrunch and profile portal site About.Me . [PAR] February 2011: AOL buys The Huffington Post, and its founder Arianna Huffington becomes AOL content chief. Two months later, AOL cuts 900 employees as a result of the deal. [PAR] February 2013: AOL reports its first quarterly revenue growth in eight years . As The Wall Street Journal notes, this was due to AOL\u2019s online advertisement revenue increasing above the rate of falling Internet subscriptions. Six months later, AOL"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES - Tim Lambert A Brief History of The Philippines [PAR] A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES [PAR] By Tim Lambert [PAR] The Early Philippines [PAR] The Philippines is named after King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) and it was a Spanish colony for over 300 years. [PAR] Today the Philippines is an archipelago of 7,000 islands. However it is believed that during the last ice age they were joined to mainland Asia by a land bridge, enabling human beings to walk from there. [PAR] The first people in the Philippines were hunter-gatherers. However between 3,000 BC and 2,000 BC people learned to farm. They grew rice and domesticated animals. From the 10th AD century Filipinos traded with China and by the 12th Century AD Arab merchants reached the Philippines and they introduced Islam. [PAR] Then in 1521 Ferdinand Magellan sailed across the Pacific. He landed in the Philippines and claimed them for Spain. Magellan baptized a chief called Humabon and hoped to make him a puppet ruler on behalf of the Spanish crown. Magellan demanded that other chiefs submit to Humabon but one chief named Lapu Lapu refused. Magellan led a force to crush him. However the Spanish soldiers were scattered and Magellan was killed. [PAR] The Spaniards did not gain a foothold in the Philippines until 1565 when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi led an expedition, which built a fort in Cebu. Later, in 1571 the Spaniards landed in Luzon. Here they built the city of Intramuros (later called Manila), which became the capital of the Philippines. Spanish conquistadors marched inland and conquered Luzon. They created a feudal system. Spaniards owned vast estates worked by Filipinos. [PAR] Along with conquistadors went friars who converted the Filipinos to Catholicism. The friars also built schools and universities. [PAR] The Spanish colony in the Philippines brought prosperity - for the upper class anyway! Each year the Chinese exported goods such as silk, porcelain and lacquer to the Philippines. From there they were re-exported to Mexico. [PAR] The years passed uneventfully in the Philippines until in 1762 the British captured Manila. They held it for two years but they handed it back in 1764 under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, signed in 1763. [PAR] The Philippines in the 19th Century [PAR] In 1872 there was a rebellion in Cavite but it was quickly crushed. However nationalist feeling continued to grow helped by a writer named Jose Rizal (1861-1896). He wrote two novels Noli Me Tangere (Touch me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Filibusterer) which stoked the fires of nationalism. [PAR] In 1892 Jose Rizal founded a movement called Liga Filipina, which called for reform rather than revolution. As a result Rizal was arrested and exiled to Dapitan on Mindanao. [PAR] Meanwhile Andres Bonifacio formed a more extreme organisation called the Katipunan. In August 1896 they began a revolution. Jose Rizal was accused of supporting the revolution, although he did not and he was executed on 30 December 1896. Yet his execution merely inflamed Filipino opinion and the revolution grew. [PAR] Then in 1898 came war between the USA and Spain. On 30 April 1898 the Americans defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. Meanwhile Filipino revolutionaries had surrounded Manila. Their leader, Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippines independent on 12 June. However as part of the peace treaty Spain ceded the Philippines to the USA. The Americans planned to take over. [PAR] War between American forces in Manila and the Filipinos began on 4 February 1899. The Filipino-American War lasted until 1902 when Aguinaldo was"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \"I Am Prepared to Die\" (Nelson Mandela's Statement at the ... \"I Am Prepared to Die\" (Nelson Mandela's Statement at the Rivonia Trial in 1964) [PAR] \"I Am Prepared To Die\" [PAR] Nelson Mandela during his 1964 trial [PAR] Nelson Mandela's statement at the opening of the defense case in the Rivonia Trial [PAR] (Pretoria Supreme Court, April 20, 1964) [PAR] I am the First Accused. [PAR] I hold a Bachelor's Degree in Arts and practised as an attorney in Johannesburg for a number of years in partnership with Oliver Tambo. I am a convicted prisoner serving five years for leaving the country without a permit and for inciting people to go on strike at the end of May 1961. [PAR] At the outset, I want to say that the suggestion made by the State in its opening that the struggle in South Africa is under the influence of foreigners or communists is wholly incorrect. I have done whatever I did, both as an individual and as a leader of my people, because of my experience in South Africa and my own proudly felt African background, and not because of what any outsider might have said. [PAR] In my youth in the Transkei I listened to the elders of my tribe telling stories of the old days. Amongst the tales they related to me were those of wars fought by our ancestors in defence of the fatherland. The names of Dingane and Bambata, Hintsa and Makana, Squngthi and Dalasile, Moshoeshoe and Sekhukhuni, were praised as the glory of the entire African nation. I hoped then that life might offer me the opportunity to serve my people and make my own humble contribution to their freedom struggle. This is what has motivated me in all that I have done in relation to the charges made against me in this case. [PAR] Having said this, I must deal immediately and at some length with the question of violence. Some of the things so far told to the Court are true and some are untrue. I do not, however, deny that I planned sabotage. I did not plan it in a spirit of recklessness, nor because I have any love of violence. I planned it as a result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny, exploitation, and oppression of my people by the Whites. [PAR] I admit immediately that I was one of the persons who helped to form Umkhonto we Sizwe, and that I played a prominent role in its affairs until I was arrested in August 1962. [PAR] In the statement which I am about to make I shall correct certain false impressions which have been created by State witnesses. Amongst other things, I will demonstrate that certain of the acts referred to in the evidence were not and could not have been committed by Umkhonto. I will also deal with the relationship between the African National Congress and Umkhonto, and with the part which I personally have played in the affairs of both organizations. I shall deal also with the part played by the Communist Party. In order to explain these matters properly, I will have to explain what Umkhonto set out to achieve; what methods it prescribed for the achievement of these objects, and why these methods were chosen. I will also have to explain how I became involved in the activities of these organizations. [PAR] I deny that Umkhonto was responsible for a number of acts which clearly fell outside the policy of the organisation,"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 1975: Comic genius Chaplin is knighted - BBC News BBC ON THIS DAY | 4 | 1975: Comic genius Chaplin is knighted [PAR] 1975: Comic genius Chaplin is knighted [PAR] Silent film legend Charlie Chaplin has become Sir Charles after a ceremony at Buckingham Palace. [PAR] The star of such films as The Kid and The Great Dictator was knighted in the New Year's Honours List. [PAR] The ceremony took place just miles from the south London district where he spent much of his childhood. [PAR] Sir Charles was accompanied to Buckingham Palace by his fourth wife, Oona, and the two youngest of his nine children. [PAR] The slapstick legend, famed for his acrobatic routines, received his knighthood, from a wheelchair. [PAR] It was a reflection of just how late in life - at the age of 85 - his honour had finally come. [PAR] 'Dumbfounded' [PAR] As he was pushed into the hall where the ceremony was taking place the band struck up his signature tune, the theme from his 1951 film, Limelight. [PAR] He sat stiffly as the Queen tapped him on each shoulder and stooped to hang the KBE insignia around his neck. [PAR] The two then chatted briefly before Sir Charles was wheeled to the front of the hall to watch the rest of the ceremony. [PAR] Speaking to reporters afterwards Sir Charles said he had been \"dumbfounded\" by the occasion. [PAR] He said the Queen had thanked him for what he had done and that his films had helped her a great deal. [PAR] Sir Charles' knighthood follows years of calls for him to be honoured. [PAR] In the 1940s and 1950s he was accused of \"communist sympathies\" and vilified in his adopted home of the United States. [PAR] In 1952 his US visa was cancelled forcing Chaplin to relocate to Switzerland. [PAR] Three years ago, in what was seen as an act of contrition, he was awarded a special Oscar by the US' Academy of Motion Pictures."
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Many Ribs Do Humans Have How Many Ribs Do Humans Have [PAR] Health / How Many Ribs Do Humans Have [PAR] How Many Ribs Do Humans Have [PAR] Sep 18, 2011 [PAR] It is widely known that all vertebral species have ribs1. Humans have a complex rib cage2 which comprises of the sternum3, ribs and some other parts. Every doctor knows how many ribs people have, but an ordinary man can have some difficulties with such a question. In fact, it is no difficult to memorize the answer: [PAR] Every human (both men and women) has 24 coupled ribs (that is, 12 pairs) [PAR] The first fourteen ribs (seven pairs) are directly connected to the breastbone (sternum). They are called \"true ribs\". The very first pair is difficult to distinguish from the rest of human ribs. These ribs are flat, short, and C-shaped. They are attached below the neck. The other six pairs of ribs look more usual. [PAR] The next five pairs of ribs are called \"false ribs\". Three of them have a cartilaginous attachment to the sternum, and the last two (pairs eleven and twelve) are known as \"floating ribs\". Once in a while they are also termed vertebral ribs because they are connected solely to the vertebrae. Some humans miss one pair of floating ribs, and some have three pairs of them due to genetic mutations. [PAR] As a rule, the length of ribs increases starting from pair one and decreases from the eighth pair. The diaphragm4 controlling breathing separates the rib cage from the abdomen. The diaphragm\u2019s contraction makes the rib cage along with the thoracic cavity expand which reduces intrathoracic pressure and fills the lungs with air. [PAR] The main purpose of the rib cage is to protect the internals (the heart, lungs, and kidneys) in the thoracic cavity. The ribs make a cage-like formation around them, playing an important role in the skeleton. That is why this structure is called the rib cage though it consists of some other bones too. [PAR] Many people do believe than men and women have different number of ribs. The origin of this belief lies in the Bible, and we all know the story of Adam and created from his rib Eve. In point of fact, the quantity of ribs does not depend on sex. Both men and women have twelve pairs of ribs. If this statement cannot convince you, take X-ray pictures of several men and women. This will be the strongest visual proof. [PAR] We hope that this piece of information is enough to give you the exhaustive answer to the question, \"How many ribs do humans have?\". [PAR] A rib is one of the 24 slender curved bones forming the rib cage. They serve to protect internal organs in the thoracic cavity. [PAR] The rib cage (also called the thoracic cage) is the structure formed by ribs and other bones. As a rule, a human rib cage has twenty four ribs, the sternum, the twelve thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilages. [PAR] The sternum is the long bone in the shape of the capital letter [PAR] The diaphragm is a muscular partition extending across the rib cage\u2019s bottom and separating the thoracic cavity from the abdomen in humans and mammals. It plays an important role in respiration because its contraction spreads the thorax and inflates the lungs."
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Little Richard Tickets | Little Richard Concert Tickets at ... GreatSeats.com [PAR] SEATING CHARTS [PAR] Little Richard Concert Tickets [PAR] Buy Little Richard Concert Tickets online from the official GreatSeats.com . Here you find list of all upcoming Little Richard Concert Tickets tour schedule information, photos, venues and dates. GreatSeats is one of the Largest ticket Marketplace at the lowest prices. We have the largest inventory for Little Richard Concert Tickets anywhere on the web. You will also find best and reasonable prices for Little Richard Concert Tickets anywhere on the web. We are in business since 1990 and majorly known for Secure online ordering, Reliable logistics, Great deals and Cheap pricing. [PAR] We sell authentic Little Richard tickets to all US tour dates and venues. Ordering Little Richard concert tickets has never been easier: [PAR] All orders are 100% guaranteed. [PAR] We ship all Little Richard tickets via Secure, Reliable FedEx. [PAR] Friendly, knowledgeable customer service. [PAR] Rev. Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5, 1932), better known by the stage name Little Richard, is an American singer, songwriter and pianist."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] All the King's Men What's Up With the Title? - Shmoop All the King's Men What's Up With the Title? [PAR] NEXT [PAR] Robert Penn Warren took the title, All the King's Men, from the famous nursery rhyme \"Humpty Dumpty,\" featuring the egg who falls off a wall, gets broken, and can't be put back together. In case you blocked it out of your childhood memories, we reproduce it here: [PAR] Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. [PAR] Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. [PAR] All the king's horses and all the king's men [PAR] Couldn't put Humpty together again. [PAR] But anyway, what does a violent nursery rhyme have to do with corrupt southern politics, and a few people trying to do the right thing? [PAR] One common interpretation is that Willie Stark is the king and that everybody else in the novel is one of his men (or women, as the case may be). When Willie gets shot by one of his men (Adam Stanton), none of his other men can put him back together. [PAR] You could use that interpretation and write a paper about how ironic it is that Dr. Adam Stanton, the person most likely to put Willie back together, kills him. Still, when you know that Huey Long (on whom Willie is based) made a famous speech called \" Every Man a King ,\" the Willie as king theory kind of falls down. [PAR] But, you probably noticed another possible flaw. This theory requires that Willie be both the King, and Humpty Dumpty. Critic James Rouff argues that Willie is Humpty Dumpty, and not the King ( source ). He claims that the King is actually God, and that everybody in the novel is one of the God's men. Willie is the guy that tries to reach too high (i.e., to be like God) and ends up getting himself broken beyond repair. [PAR] There is a fair amount of evidence to support this thesis. If you like this idea, pick some passages from the text that come to your mind and try to say something interesting about it. [PAR] Still, we like the idea of King Humpty Dumpty. Let's break that idea out of its shell, and see if it works. First of all, notice how the King isn't featured in the nursery rhyme. The speaker makes us aware of the (absent) King only by talking about other things that are closely linked to him. If you hear the word \"crown,\" you think of a royal person. In this case, we know the King is lurking somewhere in the vicinity because we see his horses and his men. The horses and men are symbols of the King. [PAR] But isn't this story set in the United States of America? There are no kings in America, in the sense that there is no monarch. But there is a different understanding of \"king\" that might apply to All the King's Men. In America, everybody is supposed to be a king, right? This is the land of equality, or freedom, etc. The founders of America came here to get away from monarchy, to establish democracy. [PAR] Is the moral here that if you try to be more of king in America, you'll get knocked off a wall? Well, lots of people try to be king in their own ways in this novel, and lots of people get smacked down. So you could call the title an ironic commentary on America's system of government. It gets even more ironic when we start thinking about the themes"
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    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Football World Cup winners list | FIFA soccer WC champion ... Football World Cup winners list | FIFA soccer WC champion teams, history [PAR] Football World Cup winners list [PAR] Published on [PAR] Jun 20, 2014 [PAR] Take a close look at the greatest football teams on earth: the FIFA World Cup champions. [PAR] The World Cup, also known as the Mundial or Copa do Mundo, has been held 19 times since it inaugural tournament in 1930. It has been won by eight different teams, with Brazil having the most World Cup titles with five, followed by Italy with four, and West Germany with three. Argentina and Uruguay have two titles each while England, France, and Spain have one title. [PAR] Below is a year-by-year account of all the World Cup champion teams. [PAR] 1930 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Uruguay 4-2 Argentina [PAR] Host country: Uruguay [PAR] The 1930 World Cup was staged in Uruguay and it was the host country that won the championship. In the final match, the Uruguayans saw themselves trailing behind Argentina by 2-1 but managed to turn things around in the second half by scoring three goals. Uruguay became the first World Cup winner with a 4-2 score. [PAR] 1934 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia (Extra time) [PAR] Host country: Italy [PAR] The 1934 World Cup was once again won by the host country and this time it was Italy that took the trophy. Playing against Czechoslovakia, Italy imposed a very tough defense but the visiting team breached the Italian line in the 70th to lead 1-0. Italy retaliated to make the game 1-1 before the end of regulation and bagged the win in overtime by a 2-1 tally. [PAR] 1938 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Italy 4-2 Hungary [PAR] Host country: France [PAR] Italy retained its crown in the 1938 World Cup in France. In the final match against Hungary, the Italians broke clear with a 3-1 score at halftime and finished the game 4-2. [PAR] 1950 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Uruguay 2-1 Brazil [PAR] Host country: Brazil [PAR] The World Cup was not staged again until 1950 because of the Second World War. Played in Brazil, this edition of the Mundial saw one of the biggest upsets in football history when the host country lost to the Uruguay football team. [PAR] Brazil was highly favored to win in the final match with Uruguay, which was lowly rated after not qualifying in the two previous World Cups. The Brazilians scored two minutes into the second half and everything seemed to be going well for them. However, Uruguay tied on the 66th minute mark and scored anew on the 79th to steal the 1950 World Cup trophy. [PAR] 1954 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: West Germany 3-2 Hungary [PAR] Host country: Switzerland [PAR] The 1954 World Cup saw another major upset: In the group stage, the Hungarians trashed West Germany 8-3 and was highly favored to win when the two teams met again in the final. Scoring two goals after only eight minutes, the Hungarian football team looked like they were on a smooth way to the Mundial trophy. However, West Germany equalized within the first half and, just five minutes before the end of regulation, broke away with another goal to win 3-2. [PAR] 1958 FIFA World Cup [PAR] Final score: Brazil 5-2 Sweden [PAR] Host country: Sweden [PAR] Host Sweden matched up against Brazil in the final of the 1958 World Cup. The Swedish football team opened the scoring but found"
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Who is YOUR favourite Bond girl? From Honey Ryder and ... Vote for your favourite Bond Girl: Pussy Galore, Honey Ryder, Jinx and Strawberry Fields | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Diamonds are forever - and so are Bond girls. The film franchise's 50-year-old history is packed with sultry seductresses with double-entendre names - from helpless heiresses to glamorous assassins. [PAR] From the first shot of Ursula Andress in that now-iconic white bikini in Dr. No to Olga Kurylenko's appearance as Camille Montes in Quantum of Solace, only a select number of actresses have become members of one of the most exclusive groups in the film industry. [PAR] Spectre, which hits UK cinemas on October 26, 2015, will see Daniel Craig once again reprise his role as the 007 action hero. [PAR] SCROLL DOWN FOR POLL [PAR] He's back: A new set of images for Daniel Craig's fourth James Bond movie Spectre have been released [PAR] Spectre sees 007 on a rogue mission in Mexico City and Rome where he meets Lucia Sciarra (Monica Bellucci), the beautiful and forbidden widow of an infamous criminal [PAR] A newly released behind-the-scenes set of images introduces L\u00e9a Seydoux's character Madeleine Swan [PAR] He will be joined by new Bond girls, Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra, the 'beautiful and forbidden widow of an infamous criminal', and L\u00e9a Seydoux as the 'soulful, feisty and complicated' Madeleine Swann. [PAR] Ahead of the film's release, FEMAIL looks back at 15 of the action hero's leading ladies. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share [PAR] 1. URSULA ANDRESS AS HONEY RYDER (DR NO, 1962) [PAR] The original Bond girl is arguably still the best. When a bronzed Honey Ryder - played by Swiss actress Ursula Andress - stepped out of the sea in a white bikini, she set the standard for every fellow actress to follow. [PAR] Honey's dripping wet hair and wonder woman physique in 1962's Dr. No is still one of the most memorable moments from the movie franchise. [PAR] 1. Honey Ryder's dripping wet hair and wonder woman physique in 1962's Dr. No is still one of the most memorable moments from the movie franchise [PAR] 2. Bolivian beauty Camille Montes played by Olga Kurylenko is the perfect match for Bond - and one of the first girls he doesn't hook up with. The pair have both lost loved ones and share a desire for revenge [PAR] Poll [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] However, despite the dramatic entrance, Honey was little more than a damsel in distress to Sean Connery's Bond. [PAR] And - because of Ursula's thick accent - Honey's voice was actually provided by German actress Nikki van der Zyl. [PAR] The famous scene was later referenced decades later in Daniel Craig\u2019s Casino Royale \u2013 only then with Bond in the swimwear. [PAR] 2. OLGA KURYLENKO AS CAMILLE MONTES (QUANTUM OF SOLACE, 2008) [PAR] Bolivian beauty Camille Montes is the perfect match for Daniel Craig's Bond. [PAR] Seductive Camille is also one of the first girls the British secret agent doesn't hook up with. [PAR] In 2008's Quantum Of Solace, the vengeful pair have both lost loved ones and are on a mission to get justice. [PAR] Producers put Ukrainian actress-model Olga through an extremely intense training regime to prep her for the role. [PAR] Olga told Movies Online that she endured fight training for 'fours hours per day every day'. [PAR] 'Then we learned how to sky-dive and we had to go into this wind tunnel which is outside of London,' she said. [PAR] 'We did that two or three times a week"
    },
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dennis Tito \u2014 Space Tourist - Space.com: NASA, Space ... First Space Tourist: How a U.S. Millionaire Bought a Ticket to Orbit [PAR] First Space Tourist: How a U.S. Millionaire Bought a Ticket to Orbit [PAR] By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer | [PAR] April 27, 2011 06:00am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] American businessman Dennis Tito, the world\u2019s first orbital space tourist, is seen training for his historic 2001 flight to the International Space Station. Tito launched in April 2001 aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft thanks to a $20 million deal brokered by the Virginia-based firm Space Adventures. [PAR] Credit: Space Adventures [PAR] This story is part of a SPACE.com series to mark a decade of space tourism. Coming tomorrow: The future of space tourism and its impact on space science. [PAR] If the era of commercial spaceflight has a birthday, it's April 28, 2001. [PAR] On that date, American businessman Dennis Tito became history's first space tourist , paying his own way to the International Space Station aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Forty years to the month after Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space, Tito showed that there was money to be made in human spaceflight -- potentially lots of money, as he plunked down a reported $20 million for his flight. [PAR] Now, 10 years later, the industry looks set to heat up, with multiple firms jockeying for position in a commercial space race that is arguably already under way. [PAR] \"The private spaceflight industry did start with Dennis' flight,\" said Tom Shelley, president of Space Adventures, the Virginia-based company that brokered Tito's eight-day mission with Russia's Federal Space Agency and has sent a total of seven people on eight orbital flights since 2001. \"That was the first real milestone and demonstrated to a lot of people that there was a market for private citizens to go to space.\" [ Photos: The World's First Space Tourists ] [PAR] A lifelong dream, nearly deferred [PAR] Tito made his millions in the world of finance. But he was once an engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and has been a space enthusiast since he was a teenager. [PAR] \"My dream was to fly in space before I die,\" Tito said. \"And I basically came up with that lifelong goal around the time of Yuri Gagarin's flight .\" [PAR] In early 2000, Tito started working toward making his dream a reality. He would turn 60 later that year, and he felt like his chances of getting into space were rapidly running out. The oldest rookie spaceflyer at the time, after all, was NASA astronaut Deke Slayton, who first made it to orbit in 1975 at the age of 51. [PAR] \"So I was gettting over the hill, I thought,\" Tito told SPACE.com. \"So I said, 'It's now or never.'\" [PAR] In June 2000, Tito signed a deal with a company called MirCorp to ride a Soyuz to Russia's Mir space station. However, those plans fell through in December of that year, when Russia announced that it planned to deorbit the aging station. (Mir burned up in Earth's atmosphere in March 2001.) [PAR] Undeterred, Tito soon made other arrangements. He signed on with Space Adventures, which brokered an April 2001 flight to the International Space Station , again on a Soyuz. The station was a relatively new project at the time, having just begun assembly operations in November 1998. [PAR] NASA makes it tough [PAR] The Russians agreed to take Tito's money and offer him a seat on a Soyuz. But the other station partners -- notably NASA"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] National, Native and Popular Flowers of Ireland National, Native and Popular Flowers of Ireland [PAR] National, Native and Popular Flowers of Ireland [PAR] National Flower of Ireland [PAR] The Shamrock, a three-leafed plant similar to a clover, which is an unofficial symbol of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Shamrocks are said to bring good luck and also used as a badge for sports teams, state organizations, and troops abroad from Ireland. This flower is related to an Irish tale of St. Patrick, which tells of how Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the Trinity. His followers adopted the custom of wearing a Shamrock on his feast day. [PAR] Other Native and Popular Flowers of Ireland [PAR] Since Ireland was completely covered by ice sheets during the most recent Ice Age, all native plant and animal life now extant originated from the natural migration of species, chiefly from other parts of Europe and especially from Britain. But still the land of Ireland grows some beautiful flower like Shell Flower (Molucca Balm), Easter Lilies, Amaryllis, Lilies, Roses, Chrysanthemums and Wild Flowers. While, Campanula rotundifolia, Cicuta virosa, Ulex europaeus, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Spring Squill, Globeflower and Bog-rosemary are some of the native flowers of Ireland. [PAR] Lilies, Colorful Roses, Sunflowers, Orchids, Gerberas, Daffodils and Daisies are some of the flowers which are passionately liked by Irish people for the gift purposes on various occasions. [PAR] from our stores - Pickupflowers - the flower expert [PAR] Online Florists Ireland [PAR] A few of the major online florists who cater to Ireland are Stems of Ireland and Flowers by Mulqueens, Brian Mulqueen florists have been serving Ennis and Co. Clare for the last 30 years as the largest florist business in County Clare, Ireland. For a list of Ireland florists who do business online, please visit our page on Online Florists in Ireland . [PAR] Send Flowers to Ireland [PAR] The Flower Expert has arrived at a few parameters on which florists can be compared so that the customers can select a good florist who suits their needs. You can go through the comparative analysis of the top florists presented in this table. This comprehensive table will help you decide which florist gives the best service when you want to send flowers to Ireland. [PAR] Facts about Ireland [PAR] Located at the northwest of Continental Europe, surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets, Ireland is the third largest island in Europe and the twentieth largest in the world. [PAR] Ireland boasts the 2nd highest GDP per capita in the Europe, 4th highest Human Development Index in the world, 3rd highest economic freedom worldwide, and the best political rights and civil liberties. [PAR] In 2005, Ireland was ranked the best place to live in the world, according to a \"quality of life\" assessment by Economist magazine. [PAR] Ireland gave the world some of the greatest writers in the English language, including Jonathan Swift, Oliver Goldsmith, and George Bernard Shaw. [PAR] Ireland is the only Europeon country where abortion is still illegal (except to protect the life of mother). [PAR] Subscribe [PAR] Get 10% off on pickupflowers.com [PAR] explore[DOC] [TLE] Shamrock \u2013 national flower of Ireland Shamrock \u2013 national flower of Ireland | Ireland Calling [PAR] Store [PAR] Shamrock \u2013 national flower of Ireland [PAR] The shamrock, a small clover which is now the national flower of Ireland, was an important symbol to the ancient Irish Druids as a plant naturally displaying the triad with its three heart-shaped leaves. [PAR] The Celts believed that everything important in the world came in threes; the three dominions of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Masquerades, tableaux and drills ... 14 [PAR] Rosalind [PAR] Doublet and hose of light-gray wool, the former trimmed with gray fur. Green velvet bodice, chemisette and puffs of Nile-green silk. Long gray cloak lined with pink. [PAR] Esmeralda [PAR] Gown of Persian-stripe satin with embroidered bands. Bolero embroidered in silver and gold. Narrow girdle and Oriental scarf. Large beads around neck and draped on hair. [PAR] 0018 [PAR] 15 [PAR] Normandy Maiden [PAR] Dress of red and black striped wool with kerchief and apron of white muslin. High hat of white, trimmed with white lace and red ribbon. [PAR] Butterfly [PAR] Costume of chenille dotted net. Drapery caught here and there with butterflies. Large butterfly wings and antenn\u00e6 in the hair above the brow. [PAR] 0019 [PAR] 16 [PAR] Black Diamond [PAR] Black and white satin combined as illustrated, with white chemisette, collar and tie. Hat of white satin, tipped with bows. [PAR] Mother Goose [PAR] Full skirt of yellow, points and bodice of brown satin, paniers and vest of yellow, with hat of same trimmed with a brown snake. [PAR] 0020 [PAR] 17 [PAR] Italian Dancing Girl [PAR] Skirt of red China silk, accordion-plaited. Chemisette and apron of India lawn, with bodice of black velvet. Head-dress of striped silk of many colors. [PAR] Shepherdess [PAR] Skirt of chintz, with large flowers. Bodice and panier drapery of pink nun's-veiling. Black velvet on sleeves and square-cut neck. Large hat trimmed with flowers. [PAR] 0021 [PAR] 18 [PAR] Chinese Princess [PAR] Skirt of brocade and striped silk; coat of rich yellow satin embroidered in Chinese characters, and under-coat of white China silk with wide sleeves having embroidered cuffs. Chinese head-dress. [PAR] Quakeress [PAR] Gown of dark gray cashmere made severely plain. Large apron of white lawn and full length kerchief of same material. Wears stiff bonnet of the dress material and carries a cotton umbrella and a basket. [PAR] 0022 [PAR] 19 [PAR] Song [PAR] Skirt and bodice of cerise satin. Draperies of pale-gray gauze, with laurel leaves, etc., for ornamentation. Staff and notes painted on the skirt. [PAR] Carmen [PAR] Skirt and waist of pink satin with rose-colored scarf. Bolero of black velvet edged with gilt spangles; cap trimmed with same; gilt belt. [PAR] 0023 [PAR] 20 [PAR] Japanese Fan Dancer [PAR] Kimono of Japanese brocade, sateen or silk. Obi of polka-dot silk, with large bow at the back. Hair in Japanese fashion with small fans for ornaments. [PAR] Scotch Lassie [PAR] Kilted skirt of Scotch plaid. White silk [PAR] bouffant [PAR] vest. Jacket of the principal clan color trimmed with black velvet, and scarf of the plaid goods. Cap of plaid. [PAR] 0024 [PAR] 21 [PAR] Oriental Dancing Girl [PAR] Bloomers and blouse of white India silk. Tunic and bolero of bright-red satin with silver embroidery and sash of Oriental coloring. Cap of white silk. [PAR] Joan of Arc [PAR] Skirt of pale-blue broadcloth; bodice and sleeves of silver cloth, or cloth covered with paillettes. Jaquette of blue cloth embroidered in silver. Mantel and cap of blue. [PAR] 0025 [PAR] 22 [PAR] Dancing Girl [PAR] Turkish trousers of Nile-green nun's-veiling with rich green velvet for bolero. Roman sash fringed with gold and colored beads. [PAR] Marguerite [PAR] Gown of lemon-color cheviot, with waist and sleeves of brocade. Bodice-vest of brown velvet laced with yellow, and chemisette of white mull. Silver ornaments. [PAR] 0026 [PAR] 23 [PAR] Priscilla [PAR] Frock of gray cashmere. Kerchief and cuffs of fine white linen. Cap of the frock material faced with white linen, and tied with gray ribbon. [PAR] Girl Graduate [PAR] Gown"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Greta Garbo ( of Conversations with Greta Garbo) Greta Garbo (Author of Walking with Garbo) [PAR] edit data [PAR] Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, better known as Greta Garbo, was a noted Swedish actress and recluse. She was a major star in the United States during the silent film era and the Golden Age of Hollywood. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Garbo fifth on their list of greatest female stars of all time, after Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis, Audrey Hepburn, and Ingrid Bergman. [PAR] Garbo launched her career with a major role in the Swedish film The Saga of Gosta Berling. Her performance caught the attention of Louis B. Mayer, who brought her to Hollywood in 1925 to work at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). She became a star of silent films. [PAR] Garbo was one of the few actresses to negotiate the transition to sound. Her first talking film was Anna Christie (1 Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, better known as Greta Garbo, was a noted Swedish actress and recluse. She was a major star in the United States during the silent film era and the Golden Age of Hollywood. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Garbo fifth on their list of greatest female stars of all time, after Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis, Audrey Hepburn, and Ingrid Bergman. [PAR] Garbo launched her career with a major role in the Swedish film The Saga of Gosta Berling. Her performance caught the attention of Louis B. Mayer, who brought her to Hollywood in 1925 to work at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). She became a star of silent films. [PAR] Garbo was one of the few actresses to negotiate the transition to sound. Her first talking film was Anna Christie (1930), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award. MGM marketers enticed the public with the catchphrase \"Garbo talks!\" In 1932, her popularity allowed her to dictate the terms of her contract, and she became increasingly choosy about her roles. [PAR] She received the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress for Anna Karenina (1935), but she considered her performance as the courtesan Marguerite Gautier in Camille (1936) her best performance; the role gained her a second Academy Award nomination. After working exclusively in dramatic films, Garbo turned to comedy with Ninotchka (1939) and Two-Faced Woman (1941). For Ninotchka, Garbo was again nominated for an Academy Award; Two-Faced Woman did well at the box office, but was a critical failure. [PAR] After 1941, she retired after appearing in 27 films, and became increasingly reclusive. She has been indelibly linked to one of her lines from the film Grand Hotel: \"I want to be alone\". She later remarked, \"I never said, 'I want to be alone.' I only said, 'I want to be let alone.' There is all the difference.\" To the end of her life, Garbo-watching became a sport among the paparazzi and the media, but she remained elusive up until her death in 1990 at the age of 84. ...more[DOC] [TLE] Greta Garbo - Nekropole Greta Garbo [PAR] Greta Garbo [PAR] Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e [PAR] Categories: [PAR] Set cemetery [PAR] Person [PAR] Greta Lovisa Gustafsson (18 September 1905 \u2013 15 April 1990), better known as Greta Garbo, was a noted Swedish actress and recluse. She was a major star in the United States during the silent film era and the Golden Age of Hollywood. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Garbo fifth on their list of greatest female stars of all time, after Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis, Audrey Hepburn, and Ingrid Bergman. [PAR] Garbo launched her career with a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Swiss National Day in Switzerland - Time and Date AS Swiss National Day in Switzerland [PAR] Home Calendar Holidays Switzerland Swiss National Day [PAR] Swiss National Day in Switzerland [PAR] The Bundesfeier on August 1 is Switzerland's national holiday. The date was chosen because the Federal Charter of 1291 was dated \u201cat the beginning of the month of August\u201d. The document is considered one of the country's most important founding documents. [PAR] Swiss flag [PAR] The Swiss national flag shows a white cross on a red background. [PAR] \u00a9iStockphoto.com/assalve [PAR] What Do People Do? [PAR] There are celebrations in communities all around Switzerland. In most cases, the official ceremonies include a prayer and the singing of the Swiss national anthem (the Schweizerpsalm). At 8:00 p.m. (20:00) church bells ring throughout the country. [PAR] Public Life [PAR] The Bundesfeier is a public holiday in all of Switzerland. Offices, banks, schools and businesses are closed. Public transport runs on a reduced schedule. [PAR] Background [PAR] The Federal Charter (Bundesbrief) of 1291 opens with the words \u201cIn the year of the lord 1291, at the beginning of the month of August\u201d. The document unified three cantons in the area of modern-day Switzerland and is considered one of the country's most important founding documents. Switzerland has been celebrating National Day on August 1 since 1891. [PAR] Swiss National Day Observances[DOC] [TLE] Swiss National Day, August 1st - Switzerland Tourism Swiss National Day, August 1st - Switzerland Tourism [PAR] Swiss National Day, August 1st [PAR] Switzerland [PAR] Images [PAR] Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291 [PAR] Since 1891, the first of August has been celebrated as Swiss National Day. The date refers to a historic alliance concluded in 1291 by the three cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden. This alliance was to become the focal point around which the Switzerland of today was built over the next 500 years. [PAR] Share contents [PAR] 5 Stars [PAR] Men from these three cantons \"at the beginning of the month of August 1291\" swore eternal allegiance to one another, promising mutual help and assistance. The alliance was mainly formed against the Habsburgs, who were striving to strengthen their position in the strategic region leading to the Gotthard Pass at the time. [PAR] August 1st is celebrated exclusively within the communities; a radio or television broadcast by the President of the Swiss Confederation is the only exception to this esteemed federal principle. Communal celebrations comprise solemn words spoken by a prominent public figure from political or cultural life, accompanied by a concert or choire, gymnastic presentations, and the community singing the national anthem. [PAR] Wealthy communities or tourist offices may also sponsor a display of fireworks. Bonfires, mainly on hills and other elevated spots, commemorate the expulsion of foreign bailiffs in the fourteenth century, the news of which were spread in this manner in those days. Children carrying lighted paper lanterns roam the streets at night. Public and private buildings are decorated with national, cantonal, and community flags, and the bakers produce special bread rolls with a small Swiss flag on top. [PAR] A special kind of celebration takes place at the Rhine Falls near Schaffhausen. From mid-nineteenth century onwards, the waterfall has been illuminated on special occasions. Since 1920, it has been illuminated regularly on August 1, and since 1966 exclusively so. On the same day, a magnificent fireworks display also attracts throngs of spectators to this special site. [PAR] A representative celebration is staged at the R\u00fctli Meadow in the canton of Uri above Lake Lucerne. It takes place in the same place where"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Sam Walton Biography - Famous People Sam Walton Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [PAR] Business People [PAR] Sam Walton Biography [PAR] Sam Walton was an American businessman who founded the Wal-Mart Stores Inc. This biography of Sam Walton provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline. [PAR] Quick Facts [PAR] Helen Walton (1943 \u00e2\u0080\u0093 his death) [PAR] children [PAR] S. Robson Walton, Alice Walton, John T. Walton, Jim C. Walton [PAR] education [PAR] - Distinguished Eagle Scout Award [PAR] Image Credit https://www.pinterest.com/kingofscots1968/wal-mart-my-jail-umm-job-lol/ [PAR] Sam Walton was an American businessman who founded the Wal-Mart Stores Inc. which grew to be the world\u00e2\u0080\u0099s largest corporation by revenue as well as the biggest private employer in the world. Founded in 1962, today the company has thousands of stores all over the world. Sam Walton had spent years in the retail management business before opening the first Wal-Mart store. Born into a humble farming family in the late 1910s, he grew up during the Great Depression when not just his own family, but everyone else around him struggled to make ends meet. Still a young boy, he took up a variety of jobs in order to contribute to his family\u00e2\u0080\u0099s income and this taught him the value of hard work and determination at a young age. He attended the University of Missouri and graduated with a bachelor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s degree in economics. After working for a while at J. C. Penney, he went on to serve in the army during the war years before venturing into the retail management business. He took over management of his first variety store when he purchased a Ben Franklin variety store in Newport, Arkansas. Eventually he opened the first Wal-Mart store in 1962 which has now grown to include over 11,000 stores in 28 countries. [PAR] Childhood & Early Life [PAR] He was born as Samuel Moore Walton on March 29, 1918, in Kingfisher, Oklahoma, U.S. to Thomas Gibson Walton and Nancy Lee. He had one younger brother, James. His father was a farmer who later entered farm mortgaging as farming did not provide enough money to provide for his family. [PAR] The family moved frequently during Sam\u00e2\u0080\u0099s early childhood. He was a good student and he became the youngest Eagle Scout in Missouri\u00e2\u0080\u0099s history while studying in the eighth grade in Shelbina, Missouri. [PAR] His family finally settled in Columbia, Missouri. He grew up during the Great Depression and took up numerous small jobs in order to help his family which was struggling to make ends meet. Among other chores, he sold magazine subscriptions and delivered newspapers. He also milked the family cow, bottled the surplus and sold it to customers. [PAR] He attended David H. Hickman High School in Columbia where he was voted the \"Most Versatile Boy\" at the time of his graduation in 1936. [PAR] He then went to the University of Missouri as a Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadet. He also joined the Zeta Phi chapter of Beta Theta Pi fraternity and served as President of Burall Bible Class, a large class of students from the University of Missouri and Stephens College. [PAR] During his university days he became a member of QEBH, the well-known secret society on campus honoring the top senior men, and the national military honor society Scabbard and Blade. He graduated in 1940 with a bachelor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s degree in economics. [PAR] Career [PAR] Within days of his graduation, Walton joined J. C. Penney as a management trainee in Des Moines, Iowa. He resigned from the job in 1942 in order to serve in the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The top ten most well-known bingo phrases : SWNS The top ten most well-known bingo phrases : SWNS [PAR] The top ten most well-known bingo phrases [PAR] January 21, 2014 | by SWNS Reporter | 0 Comments [PAR] Legs 11 is called in bingo because the number resembles a pair of long legs like these [PAR] Bingo is a game everybody loves \u2013 and just about everyone knows its most popular phrases. [PAR] Whether it is the Queen playing with the Royal family at Sandringham over Christmas, Robbie Williams calling the balls with Gary Barlow and friends, or a group of pensioners [PAR] visiting the local bingo hall on a Saturday night, they all know they\u2019re legs eleven from a garden gate. [PAR] The terms have become as well-liked as the game itself. In fact, they\u2019ve worked themselves firmly into the British language. [PAR] Many use historical references or rhyming slang from the mid-20th century, when bingo really took off, especially in bustling halls around London. [PAR] Bingo terminology is witty, fun, cheeky and entertaining. But most importantly, anybody who wants to stay on the ball \u2013 whether they play online bingo at Paddy Power at a local venue, should be well-versed in the common phrases used for each number in a game of bingo. [PAR] Here\u2019s a guide to the most well-known and loved phrases. [PAR] Legs Eleven [PAR] Legs eleven is called when the number 11 ball appears. Why? Because a number 11 resembles a pair of long slender legs, of course. Audiences often accompany this number with saucy wolf whistles. [PAR] Two fat ladies [PAR] This mischievous label is given to the number 88. Bingo phrases often draw similarities between the shapes of the number and certain images. In this case, two overweight women sitting next to each other. [PAR] Lucky seven [PAR] One of the more simple bingo phrases, lucky seven is shouted by the caller when the seven ball drops. Seven is believed to be lucky in all walks of life. [PAR] Unlucky for some [PAR] \u2018Unlucky for some, it\u2019s number 13\u2019. It\u2019s a phrase that brings joy and heaps of cash to some playing bingo and disappointment to others. Everyone knows 13 is an unlucky number. Or is it? [PAR] Clickety click [PAR] This phrase usually accompanies the number 66. The caller will say \u2018clickety click, 66\u2019. It\u2019s origins are unclear, but it has its roots in rhyming slang. [PAR] Garden gate [PAR] One bingo number that definitely derives from Cockney rhyming slang is 88. Garden gate rhymes with 88, so it is also used for this in bingo. Rhyming slang originates from east London, and was used as a covert language that the authorities could not understand \u2013 but found its way into bingo halls because many people from that time and era played bingo. [PAR] Kelly\u2019s eye [PAR] This one isn\u2019t as obvious as others, but it is just as well-known by those who play the game. Kelly\u2019s Eye often refers to the Australian outlaw Ned Kelly, who had only one eye. Another suggestion is that it derived from the military as bingo was the only gambling they were allowed to take part in. Other phrases for number one are \u2018At the beginning\u2019, \u2018Nelson\u2019s Column\u2019, \u2018Buttered scone\u2019 and \u2018Little Jimmy\u2019. [PAR] Knock at the door [PAR] Knock at the door, number four. A quick and easy piece of rhyming slang, this is used by the caller for number four. [PAR] Doctors orders [PAR] A slightly more obscure historical reference, doctors orders means number nine. This was because during World War"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Presidential Election Facts - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Presidential Election Facts - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com [PAR] Presidential Election Facts [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] With more than two centuries\u2019 worth of U.S. presidential elections, the historical ledger is filled with an array of facts. For example, when Barack Obama was named the 44th president, he was really only the 43rd president because Grover Cleveland is counted twice. And with Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution stating that a citizen has to be at least 35 years old to become president, John F. Kennedy came the closest to that limit by earning election at age 43. Learn about the only bachelor to be elected president, the four candidates to have won the popular vote and lost the election and more. [PAR] Google [PAR] The 2000 election was not the first time a candidate won the popular vote but lost the election. It has happened four times in our nation\u2019s history: [PAR] In 1824 Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but got less than 50 percent of the electoral votes. John Quincy Adams became the next president when he was picked by the House of Representatives. [PAR] In 1876 Samuel Tilden won the popular vote but lost the election when Rutherford B. Hayes got 185 electoral votes to Tilden\u2019s 184. [PAR] In 1888 Grover Cleveland won the popular vote but lost the election when Benjamin Harrison got 233 electoral votes to Cleveland\u2019s 168. [PAR] In 2000 Al Gore won the popular vote but lost the election to George Bush. In the most highly contested election in modern history, the U.S. Supreme Court stopped the Florida recount of ballots, giving Bush the state\u2019s 25 electoral votes for a total of 271 to Gore\u2019s 255. [PAR] Grover Cleveland was elected president (1884) then lost his re-election campaign (1888) and came back again to win the presidency for a second time. (1892) [PAR] Barack Obama is the nation\u2019s 44rd president but in reality there have only been 43 presidents. Grover Cleveland is counted twice as our 22nd and 24th president because he was elected for two nonconsecutive terms. [PAR] Only 12 U.S. Presidents have been elected to office for two terms and served those two terms. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to office four terms prior to the Twenty-second Amendment. [PAR] Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution has only three requirements for a president. (1) Must be at least 35 years old, (2) have lived in the United States at least 14 years, and (3) be a natural-born citizen. [PAR] John Kennedy is the youngest elected U.S. President at 43. Ronald Reagan is the oldest elected U.S. President at 73. (second term) [PAR] The only President and Vice President to never be elected to the office was Gerald Ford . He became vice president when Spiro Agnew resigned and became president when Nixon resigned. [PAR] The tallest U.S. President was Abraham Lincoln at 6\u20194\u2033The shortest U.S. President was James Madison at 5\u20194\u2033 [PAR] Percent wise \u2013 the 1992 election was the biggest turnout since 1972 with 61.3 percent off the voter age population heading to the polls. [PAR] James Buchanan is the only bachelor to be elected president. [PAR] Eight presidents have died in office. [PAR] William Henry Harrison (pneumonia) [PAR] Franklin D. Roosevelt (cerebral hemorrhage) [PAR] John F. Kennedy (assassin) [PAR] Ronald Reagan is the only divorced man to be elected president. [PAR] James Monroe received every electoral vote but one in the 1820 election. A New Hampshire delegate wanted George Washington"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Why Cr\u00e8me de Cassis Deserves a Revival | Serious Eats Why Cr\u00e8me de Cassis Deserves a Revival | Serious Eats [PAR] Why Cr\u00e8me de Cassis Deserves a Revival [PAR] 9 [PAR] Don't call it grandma booze. Cr\u00e8me de cassis is too good to relegate to your occasional Kir Royale. [Photo: Lejay Cr\u00e8me de Cassis] [PAR] Finding delicious, balanced fruit liqueurs can be a tricky business. After several unfortunate encounters with cloying bargain-priced brands in my early days of drinking, I have largely ignored that shelf at the liquor store. Until, that is, I discovered cr\u00e8me de cassis. Unlike other fruity, sugary liqueurs, cassis is captivating. It offers an exotic depth of flavor and an intriguing contrast between lush fruit and puckering acidity. These days, you'll spot cr\u00e8me de cassis at your best local cocktail bar, and it should be on your home liquor shelf, too. [PAR] The liqueur tastes unfamiliar and interesting mostly because it's made with a small berry that isn't found abundantly in America. When I first tasted black currant, I was overseas in England. Sipping on a tangy soda from popular brand Ribena, I knew instantly I was hooked. The soda had a dark crimson hue, and the flavor was shockingly foreign and exciting; an uneasy balance between tart and bitter, sweet and dry, dripping with rich fruit. [PAR] [Photo: Lejay Cr\u00e8me de Cassis] [PAR] Since then, I've searched high and low for black currants, and have been curious as to why the flavor never caught on with as much fervor in the States as it has in places like France and England. Turns out, the reason for fruit's obscurity here is because commercial cultivation is tightly regulated, as black currant sometimes carries a fungus that is detrimental to pine trees, thus threatening the timber industry. The regulations, put into place at the federal level in the early 1900s, have since been lifted in several states, allowing the once-forbidden fruits to grow in places including Oregon, New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts. [PAR] Yet you still don't see black currant spreading like wildfire. Perhaps because at its core, it's a flavor that's not as familiar to Americans as other fruits. Black currant has an astringent sharpness similar to cranberry that can be off-putting to some, meaning its uses and widespread appeal are limited. Personally, I tend to favor drinks that lean towards the sharp, bitter end of the liquid spectrum, so you can imagine my delight in discovering that black currant is available\u2014just hiding in the obscure world of fruit liqueurs under the guise of cassis or cr\u00e8me de cassis. Here are some of the best brands that can be found at your local store, and how to drink them. [PAR] How to Drink It [PAR] [Photo: Emma Janzen] [PAR] If you like big-bodied red wines with plenty of tannin, rich bittersweet amari, or herbal and lush vermouths, black currant might be the right liqueur for you, too. If these descriptors sound appealing, try getting to know it on a few cubes of ice to quench the need for a light pre-dinner appetite stimulant. [PAR] Cocktail-wise, let's get the obvious out of the way immediately: yes, cassis is known for its role in the celebrated Kir and Kir Royale cocktails, and those drinks are pretty much its dominant use in both Europe and the States. There's no denying that the black currant flavor plays well with both white wine and Champagne, but with such a pungent, perky identity, it's a shame to relegate cassis to these drinks alone. [PAR] The liqueur works exceptionally well in an"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SparkNotes: Orlando: Key Facts SparkNotes: Orlando: Key Facts [PAR] Key Facts [PAR] Study Questions and Essay Topics [PAR] full title \u00b7 Orlando: a Biography [PAR] author \u00b7 Virginia Woolf [PAR] genre \u00b7 Fictional biography [PAR] language \u00b7 English [PAR] time and place written \u00b7 Woolf wrote Orlando from her home in London, 1927\u20131928, between To the Lighthouse and The Waves [PAR] date of first publication \u00b7 October 11, 1928, the date given in the last line of the novel [PAR] publisher \u00b7 Hogarth Press [PAR] narrator \u00b7 Third-person, omniscient narrator; an unreliable \"biographer\" who changes style and tone to suit the changes of Orlando's life [PAR] climax \u00b7 The climax occurs when Orlando finds herself in the present day, 1928, and she is forced to acknowledge her own nature as a multitude of selves and experiences within one person. [PAR] protagonist \u00b7 Orlando [PAR] setting (time) \u00b7 1588 to 1928 [PAR] setting (place) \u00b7 Mostly in England (London and Kent), but 1660\u20131685 are spent on an excursion to Constantinople and the hills of Turkey [PAR] point of view \u00b7 Third-person omniscient; the narrator or \"biographer\" knows what each of the characters are thinking and inserts her own explanations into the text [PAR] falling action \u00b7 Orlando, having found love, now finds life in the present moment; standing by her oak tree, she looks over her manor and welcomes back her husband Shel. [PAR] tense \u00b7 Immediate past, real-time narration [PAR] foreshadowing \u00b7 Orlando's poem foreshadows that she will end up back at her oak tree; the appearance of Archduchess Harriet foreshadows that he will me a man; Orlando's troubles with the gypsies foreshadow that she will return to England. [PAR] tone \u00b7 Detached, philosophic, and poetic; although she attempts to include dates and facts making the book a real 'biography,' the narrator's work ends up as poetry. [PAR] themes \u00b7 Sex and gender, the differences between men and women; the quality of history; the 'spirit of the age;' time; interconnectedness; truth, fact, and poetry [PAR] motifs \u00b7 Poetry, dates, clothing, sex changes [PAR] symbols \u00b7 The oak tree, the clock, Orlando's manor house, clouds [PAR] More Help"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Gina Lollobrigida, Burt Lancaster, Tony Curtis in Trapeze ... Gina Lollobrigida, Burt Lancaster, Tony Curtis in Trapeze (1956) - I - YouTube [PAR] Gina Lollobrigida, Burt Lancaster, Tony Curtis in Trapeze (1956) - I [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 6, 2013 [PAR] From the movie Trapeze (1956) starring Gina Lollobrigida (first American movie for Italy's most illustrious and most beautiful actress ever), Burt Lancaster, Tony Curtis, Katy Jurado, Thomas Gomez, Johny Puleo, Minor Watson, G\u00e9rard Landry, Jean-Pierre K\u00e9rien, Sid James and others. [PAR] Script: Liam O' Brien (adaptation of the novel written by Max Catto) [PAR] Music: Malcolm Arnold [PAR] Directed by Carol Reed [PAR] More: [PAR] Lancaster, a former circus acrobat, performed many of his own stunts, though the most dangerous (including the climactic triple) were done by technical consultant Eddie Ward from Ringling Brothers Circus. Trapeze was filmed entirely in Paris, including at the Cirque d'hiver, and at the nearby Billancourt studios. The film was the fourth most popular movie at the British box office in 1956. [PAR] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapeze_... ) [PAR] Also: [PAR] Lancaster was a real life trapeze flyer before he became an actor, and the vertiginous aerial scenes are thrillingly shot. We really feel the queasy swing of the lofty trapeze bar; the heart-stopping flights through mid-air; the jarring thud of the catches and the stomach-turning plunges into the net. [PAR] But perhaps even more compelling than the trapeze scenes are the shots of backstage corridors heaving with ballerinas, harmonica-playing dwarfs, silk-costumed clowns, spotted horses and trumpeting elephants. Shot in beautiful deep colours, every frame is rich in detail. The backstage menagerie, with its camels, lions and giraffe is so vivid you can almost smell the dung and feel the cobbled floor beneath your feet. Even Carry On film favourite Sid James shows up, trying to sell to anyone who will listen the python he has coiled around his shoulders. [PAR] But how realistic is the portrayal of backstage life in the circus? One of the most striking aspects of Trapeze is how closely the Parisian circus building where the film is set resembles Britain's last purpose-built circus building, the Great Yarmouth Hippodrome. It was in the unchanged, ghost-filled backstage corridors and former stables of the latter that I met South American trapeze troupe the Flying Neves and interviewed them about their gravity-defying lives. And it was in the Hippodrome's ring, on the 100th anniversary of the building, that aerial silk star Eva Garcia plunged forty feet to her death during a performance just days after she described to me her life of glamour, grit and peril. [PAR] Also: [PAR] Carol Reed's circus melodrama is one of his most commercially successful but artistically weakest film. [PAR] \"Trapeze\" can't conceal the fact that there is more erotic tension and acting chemistry between Lancaster and Curtis than between either man and Lola. [PAR] http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0518178/?r... [PAR] Also: [PAR] Personal Quotes Popularity has a bright side, it unlocks many doors. But the truth is that I don't like it very much because it changes the private life into a very small thing. [PAR] My cinema -- the '50s, '60s -- is different from the cinema today so I thought that it would not be bad to show that kind of cinema where we could dream. [PAR] I've"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of the OED | Oxford English Dictionary History of the OED | Oxford English Dictionary [PAR] Home History of the OED [PAR] History of the OED [PAR] The Oxford English Dictionary has been the last word on words for over a century. But, as with a respected professor or admired parent, we count on its wisdom and authority without thinking much about how it was acquired. What is the history of the Oxford English Dictionary? Exploring its origins and development will give new insight into this extraordinary, living document. [PAR] Toggle Content navigation [PAR] How it began 1857: The Philological Society of London calls for a new English Dictionary [PAR] More work than they thought 1884: Five years into a proposed ten-year project, the editors reach ant [PAR] Keeping it current 1933-1986: Supplements to the OED [PAR] Making it modern 1980s: The Supplements are integrated with the OED to produce its Second Edition [PAR] Into the electronic age 1992: The first CD-ROM version of the OED is published [PAR] The future has begun The present: The OED is now being fully revised, with new material published in parts online [PAR] How it began [PAR] When the members of the Philological Society of London decided, in 1857, that existing English language dictionaries were incomplete and deficient, and called for a complete re-examination of the language from Anglo-Saxon times onward, they knew they were embarking on an ambitious project. However, even they didn\u2019t realize the full extent of the work they initiated, or how long it would take to achieve the final result. [PAR] The project proceeded slowly after the Society\u2019s first grand statement of purpose. Eventually, in 1879, the Society made an agreement with the Oxford University Press and James A. H. Murray to begin work on a New English Dictionary (as the Oxford English Dictionary was then known). [PAR] More work than they thought [PAR] Existing English dictionaries were [PAR] incomplete and deficient [PAR] The new dictionary was planned as a four-volume, 6,400-page work that would include all English language vocabulary from the Early Middle English period (1150 AD) onward, plus some earlier words if they had continued to be used into Middle English. [PAR] It was estimated that the project would be finished in approximately ten years. Five years down the road, when Murray and his colleagues had only reached as far as the word \u2018ant\u2019, they realized it was time to reconsider their schedule. It was not surprising that the project was taking longer than anticipated. Not only are the complexities of the English language formidable, but it also never stops evolving. Murray and his Dictionary colleagues had to keep track of new words and new meanings of existing words at the same time that they were trying to examine the previous seven centuries of the language\u2019s development. [PAR] The English language never stops evolving [PAR] Murray and his team did manage to publish the first part (or \u2018fascicle\u2019, to use the technical term) in 1884, but it was clear by this point that a much more comprehensive work was required than had been imagined by the Philological Society almost thirty years earlier. [PAR] One step at a time [PAR] Over the next four decades work on the Dictionary continued and new editors joined the project. Murray now had a large team directed by himself, Henry Bradley, W.A. Craigie, and C.T. Onions . These men worked steadily, producing fascicle after fascicle until finally, in April, 1928, the last volume was published. Instead of 6,400 pages in four volumes, the Dictionary published under the imposing name"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Simpsons and the longest running shows on TV | Radio Times The Simpsons and the longest running shows on TV | Radio Times [PAR] Twitter [PAR] The Simpsons and the longest running shows on TV [PAR] As season 23 of Matt Groening's show begins on Sky1, we look at some other TV shows with real staying power [PAR] Comments [PAR] Written By [PAR] 9:00 AM, 13 November 2011 [PAR] The Simpsons enters its 23rd series over on Sky1 this weekend. Since they first graced our screens all the way back in 1989, America\u2019s first animated family have racked up an impressive 487 episodes, which makes their titular adventures the longest running animated series and sitcom on primetime TV. [PAR] But it\u2019s not the only episodic to stand the test of time. In fact, glance over the annals of small screen history and you\u2019re greeted with an array of long-standing shows. But which have had the longest innings? Here\u2019s our guide to some of the most enduring programmes on the box. [PAR] Medical drama: Casualty 1986 \u2013 present (790 episodes) [PAR] The fictional A&E department at Holby General has been the hub of the Saturday night schedules for more than 25 years now. It\u2019s the longest running emergency medical drama in the world. But Casualty\u2019s also a truly British piece of broadcasting that each week plays out like a politically correct disaster movie where even the most mundane of situations turn into roaring fireballs. Of course, along the way there\u2019ll be a relationship drama, social issue or political message that needs to be addressed, but part of Casualty\u2019s appeal is following this now familiar formula, a format that the producers have finely tuned over the course of a staggering 790 episodes. [PAR] Sci-fi: Doctor Who 1963\u20131989; 1996; 2005\u2013present (783 episodes) [PAR] And now for a completely different type of Doctor, the kind who swaps his stethoscope for a sonic screwdriver and the Hippocratic oath for a never-ending battle against the Daleks. Yes, it\u2019s Doctor Who, the titular Time Lord who\u2019s been a mainstay of the Beeb\u2019s family entertainment offering for almost 50 years. Down the decades the show has been described as too violent by detractors such as morality campaigner Mary Whitehouse, and out of date by critics, who helped to hasten the series\u2019 departure from the schedules in the late 80s. But like the 11 incumbents who\u2019ve piloted the iconic police box down the years, Doctor Who\u2019s strength lies in the fact that it continually reinvents itself, which is why it still remains appointment viewing for kids and adults alike. [PAR] Crime drama: Taggart 1983 \u2013 present (109 episodes) [PAR] Crime drama\u2019s a competitive category when it comes to Tellyland\u2019s geriatric inhabitants. Alongside the gritty Glaswegian tales of \u2018muddah\u2019, both The Bill (1984 \u2013 2010) and America\u2019s Law & Order (1990 \u2013 2010) can stake a claim to being the top dog in the police pound of long-running programmes. [PAR] Western: Gunsmoke 1955 \u2013 1975 (635 episodes) [PAR] A relative pup at just 20 years old, Gunsmoke is the most iconic of American shows, a western that blazed a trail for broadcast entertainment in the earliest days of cathode ray entertainment. Like most early output, Gunsmoke originally made its name on the radio before making the leap to the small screen and was ushered onto the schedules by none other than iconic cowboy John Wayne. [PAR] Children\u2019s programme: Blue Peter 1958 \u2013 present (4,578 episodes) [PAR] The world\u2019s longest running children\u2019s show has notched up a staggering 4,578 episodes down the years. Along the way there\u2019s been"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] From Dusk Till Dawn (1996) - IMDb From Dusk Till Dawn (1996) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From Dusk Till Dawn ( 1996 ) [PAR] R | [PAR] Two criminals and their hostages unknowingly seek temporary refuge in an establishment populated by vampires, with chaotic results. [PAR] Director: [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 04 Jan 2011 [PAR] a list of 47 titles [PAR] created 14 May 2012 [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 21 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 08 Nov 2014 [PAR] a list of 40 titles [PAR] created 8 months ago [PAR] Title: From Dusk Till Dawn (1996) [PAR] 7.3/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 4 wins & 9 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] A middle-aged woman finds herself in the middle of a huge conflict that will either make her a profit or cost her life. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] After an experimental bio-weapon is released, turning thousands into zombie-like creatures, it's up to a rag-tag group of survivors to stop the infected and those behind its release. [PAR] Director: Robert Rodriguez [PAR] Two separate sets of voluptuous women are stalked at different times by a scarred stuntman who uses his \"death proof\" cars to execute his murderous plans. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Two victims of traumatized childhoods become lovers and psychopathic serial murderers irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. [PAR] Director: Oliver Stone [PAR] A gunslinger is embroiled in a war with a local drug runner. [PAR] Director: Robert Rodriguez [PAR] Directors: Robert Rodriguez, Eli Roth, and 3 more credits \u00bb [PAR] Stars: Kurt Russell, Rose McGowan, Danny Trejo [PAR] The Bride continues her quest of vengeance against her former boss and lover Bill, the reclusive bouncer Budd and the treacherous, one-eyed Elle. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] In Detroit, a lonely pop culture geek marries a call girl, steals cocaine from her pimp, and tries to sell it in Hollywood. Meanwhile, the owners of the cocaine - the Mob - track them down in an attempt to reclaim it. [PAR] Director: Tony Scott [PAR] A vampire tells his epic life story: love, betrayal, loneliness, and hunger. [PAR] Director: Neil Jordan [PAR] After being set-up and betrayed by the man who hired him to assassinate a Texas Senator, an ex-Federale launches a brutal rampage of revenge against his former boss. [PAR] Directors: Ethan Maniquis, Robert Rodriguez [PAR] Stars: Danny Trejo, Michelle Rodriguez, Robert De Niro [PAR] Hitman \"El Mariachi\" becomes involved in international espionage involving a psychotic CIA agent and a corrupt Mexican general. [PAR] Director: Robert Rodriguez [PAR] Ichabod Crane is sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigate the decapitations of 3 people with the culprit being the legendary apparition, the Headless Horseman. [PAR] Director: Tim Burton [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] After a bank heist in Abilene with several casualties, the bank robber Seth Gecko and his psychopath and rapist brother Richard Gecko continue their crime spree in a convenience store in the middle of the desert while heading to Mexico with a hostage. They decide to stop for a while in a low-budget motel. Meanwhile the former minister Jacob"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BBC - History - Historic Figures: John (c.1167 - 1216) BBC - History - Historic Figures: John (c.1167 - 1216) [PAR] Historic Figures [PAR] z [PAR] John I \u00a9 John was a king of England who is most famous for signing the Magna Carta. [PAR] John was born around Christmas in 1166 or 1167 in Oxford, the youngest and favourite son of Henry II. On his father's death in 1189 his brother, Richard, became king. John received titles, lands and money, but this was not enough. In October 1190, Richard recognised his nephew, Arthur, as his heir. Three years later, when Richard was imprisoned in Germany, John tried to seize control. He was unsuccessful and, when Richard returned in early 1194, was banished. The two were soon reconciled and, when Arthur was captured by Philip II in 1196, Richard named John heir. [PAR] In 1199, Richard died and John became king. War with France was renewed, triggered by John's second marriage. While asked to mediate between the rival families of Lusignan and Angoul\u00e2me, he married the Angoul\u00e2me heiress Isabella, who had been betrothed to Hugh de Lusignan. A rebellion broke out and John was ordered to appear before his overlord, Philip II of France. His failure to do so resulted in war. [PAR] By 1206, John had lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine and parts of Poitou. These failures were a damaging blow to his prestige and he was determined to win them back. This required money, so his government became increasingly ruthless and efficient in its financial administration. Taxes soared and he began to exploit his feudal rights ever more harshly. [PAR] This bred increasing baronial discontent. Negotiations between John and his barons failed and civil war broke out in May 1215. When the rebels seized London, John was compelled to negotiate further and, on 19 June at Runnymede on the River Thames, he accepted the baronial terms embodied in the Magna Carta, which limited royal power, ensured feudal rights and restated English law. It was the first formal document stating that the monarch was as much under the rule of law as his people, and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. [PAR] This settlement was soon rendered impractical when John claimed it was signed under duress. Pope Innocent took his side and in the ensuing civil war John laid waste to the northern counties and the Scottish border. Prince Louis of France then invaded at the barons' request. John continued to wage war vigorously, but his death in October 1216 enabled a compromise peace and the succession of his son Henry III."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Brighton Rock - Teachit English Brighton Rock [PAR] Maximize this page [PAR] Introduction [PAR] This study guide is intended for students preparing for exams at GCE Advanced (A2) level and Advanced Supplementary (AS) level. But it is suitable for university students and the general reader who is interested in Brighton Rock. Please use the hyperlinks in the table above to navigate this page. If you have any comments or suggestions to make about this page, please e-mail me by clicking on this link. [PAR] The purpose of this study guide is to help you find your way around the text, and to introduce subjects which may be set by examiners. It is not a substitute for close study of the novel. Ideas presented here need to be supported by textual reference (either summary of narrative detail or brief direct quotation, as appropriate; do not quote at length: you gain no credit for this in an \"open book\" exam, the point of the reference will not be clear, and you are wasting time!). [PAR] Back to top [PAR] It is assumed by the examiners that literature is a humane subject; that is, that books set for study explore and interpret values and attitudes in the real world, although they must also be judged in their own right as imaginative works depicting an alternative reality or alternative view of the world. Broadly speaking, students are asked to examine works in terms of their content (what they are about) and the author's technique (how they are composed). While examiners hope that students will enjoy studying these things, they recognize that this enjoyment will rarely be simple or immediate in the case of demanding texts. Students would do well to develop maturity as readers, to discover the historical and cultural diversity of western literature, with some of its history; to recognize different literary forms, genres and conventions. [PAR] Personal and independent judgements are encouraged, but should be made against a background of familiarity with established or current attitudes. It is impossible to \"teach\" this entirely within lesson time; private reading, directed by a teacher or other well-read person, is essential. Because you cannot read everything, or even very much, try to profit from the experience of others. [PAR] Back to top [PAR] Brighton Rock: what is it about? [PAR] At one level, this novel is a simple, if elegant, thriller: Ida Arnold, an unlikely heroine, pursues the evil but failed gangster Pinkie Brown; she seeks his punishment, while trying to save from his influence the young woman, Rose, whom Pinkie has married to buy her silence. In these terms, with vivid but usually straightforward characters and well-drawn locations, and the shocking conclusion (the reader is aware of Rose's imminent discovery of Pinkie's hatred) the novel shows why it achieved great popularity, and why it was successfully adapted for the cinema. Unlike some classic works, it obeys the convention of popular fiction, that there should be a well-paced and exciting story; \"suspense\" is also provided by the reader's concern for the perhaps doomed Rose. But why is the novel also considered to be serious fiction, or a \"modern classic\"? This is a little less obvious, but we can find reasons for this opinion, if we look. [PAR] Like many writers from earlier times, Greene is deeply interested in what could be called metaphysical questions: about the real nature and purpose of this world, about the nature or existence, even, of God; about man's freedom, by his own efforts, to alter his circumstances - or lack of this freedom. In order to address these"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Falkland Islands | islands and British overseas territory ... Falkland Islands | islands and British overseas territory, Atlantic Ocean | Britannica.com [PAR] islands and British overseas territory, Atlantic Ocean [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Alternative Titles: Islas Malvinas, Malvinas Islands [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] list of cities and towns in the United Kingdom [PAR] Falkland Islands, also called Malvinas Islands or Spanish Islas Malvinas, internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the South Atlantic Ocean . It lies about 300 miles (480 km) northeast of the southern tip of South America and a similar distance east of the Strait of Magellan . The capital and major town is Stanley , on East Falkland; there are also several scattered small settlements as well as a Royal Air Force base that is located at Mount Pleasant , some 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Stanley. In South America the islands are generally known as Islas Malvinas, because early French settlers had named them Malouines, or Malovines, in 1764, after their home port of Saint-Malo , France . Area 4,700 square miles (12,200 square km). Pop. (2012, excluding British military personnel stationed on the islands) 2,563. [PAR] Falkland Islands (Malvinas Islands). [PAR] Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Land [PAR] The two main islands, East Falkland and West Falkland , and about 200 smaller islands form a total land area nearly as extensive as the U.S. state of Connecticut. The government of the Falkland Islands also administers the British overseas territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands , including the Shag and Clerke rocks, lying from 700 to 2,000 miles (1,100 to 3,200 km) to the east and southeast of the Falklands. [PAR] Ranges of hills run east-west across the northern parts of the two main islands, reaching 2,312 feet (705 metres) at Mount Usborne in East Falkland. The coastal topography features many drowned river valleys that form protected harbours. The small rivers occupy broad, peat-covered valleys. The islands\u2019 cool and windy climate offers few temperature extremes and only minor seasonal variability. Consistently high west winds average 19 miles (31 km) per hour, while the mean annual average temperature is about 42 \u00b0F (5 \u00b0C), with an average maximum of 49 \u00b0F (9 \u00b0C) and an average minimum of 37 \u00b0F (3 \u00b0C). Precipitation averages 25 inches (635 mm) annually. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Azores [PAR] The islands\u2019 vegetation is low and dense in a landscape with no natural tree growth. White grass (Cortaderia pilosa) and diddle-dee (Empetrum rubrum) dominate the grasslands. Where livestock grazing has been controlled, coastal tussock grass (Parodiochloa flabellata) still covers offshore islands. The chilly, damp climate inhibits the complete decomposition of plant matter and permits the accumulation of deep peat deposits. [PAR] There are no longer any land mammals indigenous to the Falklands, the wild fox being extinct. About 65 species of birds, including black-browed albatrosses, Falkland pipits, peregrine falcons, and striated caracaras, are found on the islands. The Falklands are breeding grounds for several million penguins\u2014mostly rockhopper, magellanic, and gentoo penguins with smaller numbers of king and macaroni penguins. Dolphins and porpoises are common, and southern sea lions and elephant seals are also numerous. Fur seals are found at a few isolated sites. Squid are abundant in the waters surrounding the islands, but overfishing became an issue in the 1990s, and measures were taken to correct the problem. [PAR] People [PAR] The population of the Falkland Islands is English-speaking and consists primarily of Falklanders of British descent. The pattern of living on the islands is sharply differentiated between Stanley and the small, isolated sheep-farming"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Seven Suicides in the Bible | Bible.org Seven Suicides in the Bible | Bible.org [PAR] Home [PAR] Seven Suicides in the Bible [PAR] 1. [Abimelech] called hastily unto the young man his armour-bearer, and said unto him, Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A woman slew him. And his young man thrust him through, and he died (Judges 9:54). [PAR] 2. And Samson said, Let me die with the Philistines. And he bowed with all his might; and the house fell...upon all the people that were therein (Judges 16:30). [PAR] 3. Saul took a sword and fell on it (1 Sam. 31:4). [PAR] 4. When [Saul's] armour-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise upon his sword, and died (1 Sam 31:5). [PAR] 5. When Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he...got him home to his house, to his city, and put his house in order, and hanged himself, and died (2 Sam. 17:23). [PAR] 6. It came to pass, when Zimri saw that the city was taken, that he went into the palace of the king's house, and burnt the king's house over him with fire, and died (1 Kings 16:18). [PAR] 7. [Judas] cast down the pieces of silver in the temple, and departed, and went and hanged himself (Matt. 27:5). [PAR] J. L. Meredith, Meredith's Big Book of Bible Lists, (Inspirational Press, NY; 1980), pp. 143-144[DOC] [TLE] The Bible and Suicide - What Does Scripture Say? What Does the Bible Say About Suicide? [PAR] By Mary Fairchild [PAR] Updated August 12, 2016. [PAR] Suicide is the act of intentionally taking one's own life, or as some have called it, \"self-murder.\" Over the years, I've received several emails from readers with questions about suicide: [PAR] \"What does the Bible say about suicide?\" [PAR] \"Does God forgive suicide, or is it the unpardonable sin ?\" [PAR] \"Do Christians who commit suicide go to hell ?\" [PAR] 7 People Committed Suicide in the Bible [PAR] Let's begin by looking at the seven accounts of suicide in the Bible. [PAR] Abimelech - Judges 9:54 [PAR] After having his skull crushed under a millstone that was dropped by a woman from the Tower of Shechem, Abimelech called for his armor bearer to kill him with a sword. He did not want it said that a woman had killed him. [PAR] Judas - Matthew 27:5 [PAR] After he betrayed Jesus, Judas Iscariot was overcome with remorse and hung himself. [PAR] In each of these instances, except that of Samson, suicide is not presented favorably. These were ungodly men acting in desperation and disgrace. Samson's case was different. And while his life was not a model for holy living, Samson was honored among the faithful heroes of Hebrews 11 . Some consider Samson's final act an example of martyrdom, a sacrificial death that allowed him to fulfill his God-assigned mission. [PAR] Does God Forgive Suicide? [PAR] There's no doubt that suicide is a terrible tragedy. For a Christian it is an even greater tragedy because it is a waste of a life that God intended to use in a glorious way. [PAR] It would be difficult to argue that suicide is not a sin , for it is the taking of a human life, or to put it bluntly, murder. The Bible clearly expresses the sanctity of human life ( Exodus 20:13 ). God is the author of life, thus, the giving and taking of life ought to remain in his hands ( Job 1:21 ). [PAR] In Deuteronomy 30:9-20, you can hear"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Yul Brynner - Biography - IMDb Yul Brynner - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Yul Brynner [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 67 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (4) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (45) | Personal Quotes (7) | Salary (3) [PAR] Overview (4) [PAR] 5' 8\" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Exotic leading man of American films, famed as much for his completely bald head as for his performances, Yul Brynner masked much of his life in mystery and outright lies designed to tease people he considered gullible. It was not until the publication of the books \"Yul: The Man Who Would Be King\" and \"Empire and Odyssey\" by his son, Yul \"Rock\" Brynner, that many of the details of Brynner's early life became clear. [PAR] Yul sometimes claimed to be a half-Swiss, half-Japanese named Taidje Khan, born on the island of Sakhalin; in reality, he was the son of Marousia Dimitrievna (Blagovidova), the Russian daughter of a doctor, and Boris Yuliyevich Bryner, an engineer and inventor of Swiss-German and Russian descent. He was born in their home town of Vladivostok on 11 July 1920 and named Yuli after his grandfather, Jules Bryner. When Yuli's father abandoned the family, his mother took him and his sister Vera to Harbin, Manchuria, where they attended a YMCA school. In 1934 Yuli's mother took her children to Paris. Her son was sent to the exclusive Lyc\u00e9e Moncelle, but his attendance was spotty. He dropped out and became a musician, playing guitar in the nightclubs among the Russian gypsies who gave him his first real sense of family. He met luminaries such as Jean Cocteau and became an apprentice at the Theatre des Mathurins. He worked as a trapeze artist with the famed Cirque d'Hiver company. [PAR] He traveled to the U.S. in 1941 to study with acting teacher Michael Chekhov and toured the country with Chekhov's theatrical troupe. That same year, he debuted in New York as Fabian in \"Twelfth Night\" (billed as Youl Bryner). After working in a very early TV series, Mr. Jones and His Neighbors (1944), he played on Broadway in \"Lute Song\" with Mary Martin , winning awards and mild acclaim. He and his wife, actress Virginia Gilmore , starred in the first TV talk show, Mr. and Mrs. (1948). Brynner then joined CBS as a television director. He made his film debut in Port of New York (1949). Two years later Mary Martin recommended him for the part he would forever be known for: the King in Richard Rodgers ' and Oscar Hammerstein II 's musical \"The King and I\". Brynner became an immediate sensation in the role, repeating it for film ( The King and I (1956)) and winning the Oscar for Best Actor. [PAR] For the next two decades, he maintained a starring film career despite the exotic nature of his persona, performing in a wide range of roles from Egyptian pharaohs to Western gunfighters, almost all with the same shaved head and indefinable accent. In the 1970s he returned to the role that had made him a star, and spent most of the rest of his life touring the world in \"The King and I\". When he developed lung cancer in the mid 1980s, he left a powerful public service announcement denouncing smoking as the cause, for broadcast after his death. The cancer and its complications, after a long illness, ended his life. Brynner was cremated and his ashes buried in a remote part of France, on the grounds of the Abbey of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Naguib Mahfouz | Egyptian writer | Britannica.com Naguib Mahfouz | Egyptian writer | Britannica.com [PAR] Egyptian writer [PAR] Luigi Pirandello [PAR] Naguib Mahfouz, also spelled Naj\u012bb Ma\u1e25f\u016b\u1e93 (born December 11, 1911, Cairo , Egypt \u2014died August 30, 2006, Cairo), Egyptian novelist and screenplay writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, the first Arabic writer to be so honoured. [PAR] Mahfouz was the son of a civil servant and grew up in Cairo\u2019s Al-Jam\u0101liyyah district. He attended the Egyptian University (now Cairo University), where in 1934 he received a degree in philosophy. He worked in the Egyptian civil service in a variety of positions from 1934 until his retirement in 1971. [PAR] Mahfouz\u2019s earliest published works were short stories. His early novels, such as R\u0101d\u016bb\u012bs (1943; \u201cRadobis\u201d), were set in ancient Egypt , but he had turned to describing modern Egyptian society by the time he began his major work, Al-Thul\u0101thiyyah (1956\u201357), known as The Cairo Trilogy . Its three novels\u2014Bayn al-qa\u1e63rayn (1956; Palace Walk), Qa\u1e63r al-shawq (1957; Palace of Desire), and Al-Sukkariyyah (1957; Sugar Street)\u2014depict the lives of three generations of different families in Cairo from World War I until after the 1952 military coup that overthrew King Farouk . The trilogy provides a penetrating overview of 20th-century Egyptian thought, attitudes, and social change. [PAR] In subsequent works Mahfouz offered critical views of the old Egyptian monarchy, British colonialism, and contemporary Egypt. Several of his more notable novels deal with social issues involving women and political prisoners. His novel Awl\u0101d \u1e25\u0101ratin\u0101 (1959; Children of the Alley) was banned in Egypt for a time because of its controversial treatment of religion and its use of characters based on Muhammad, Moses, and other figures. Islamic militants, partly because of their outrage over the work, later called for his death, and in 1994 Mahfouz was stabbed in the neck. [PAR] Mahfouz\u2019s other novels include Al-Li\u1e63\u1e63 wa-al-kil\u0101b (1961; The Thief and the Dogs), Al-Sha\u1e25\u1e25\u0101dh (1965; The Beggar), and M\u012br\u0101m\u0101r (1967; Miramar), all of which consider Egyptian society under Gamal Abdel Nasser \u2019s regime; Afr\u0101\u1e25 al-qubba (1981; Wedding Song), set among several characters associated with a Cairo theatre company; and the structurally experimental \u1e24ad\u012bth al-\u1e63ab\u0101\u1e25 wa-al-mas\u0101\u02be (1987; Morning and Evening Talk), which strings together in alphabetical order dozens of character sketches. Together, his novels, which were among the first to gain widespread acceptance in the Arabic-speaking world, brought the genre to maturity within Arabic literature . [PAR] Mahfouz\u2019s achievements as a short-story writer are demonstrated in such collections as Duny\u0101 All\u0101h (1963; God\u2019s World). The Time and the Place, and Other Stories (1991) and The Seventh Heaven (2005) are collections of his stories in English translation. Mahfouz wrote more than 45 novels and short-story collections, as well as some 30 screenplays and several plays. A\u1e63d\u0101\u02be al-s\u012brah al-dh\u0101tiyyah (1996; Echoes of an Autobiography) is a collection of parables and his sayings. In 1996 the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature was established to honour Arabic writers. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Looney Tunes - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia Looney Tunes | Looney Tunes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Looney Tunes is a Warner Bros. series of animated short films. It was produced from 1930 to 1969 during the Golden Age of American Animation, alongside its sister series, Merrie Melodies . [1] Looney Tunes originally showcased Warner-owned musical compositions through the adventures of cartoon characters such as Bosko and Buddy . Later Looney Tunes films featured such popular cartoon stars as Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Elmer Fudd , Tweety Bird , Sylvester , Granny , Yosemite Sam , Foghorn Leghorn , Marvin The Martian , Pep\u00e9 Le Pew , Witch Hazel , Speedy Gonzales , the Tasmanian Devil , Wile E. Coyote and The Road Runner . The characters themselves are commonly referred to as the \"Looney Tunes\" (or \"Looney Toons\"). [PAR] The name Merrie Melodies is a parody of Silly Symphonies, the name of Walt Disney's concurrent series of music-based short films. From 1942 into the 1960s, Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were the most popular cartoon shorts in movie theaters, exceeding the works of Disney and other popular competitors, including Famous Studios/Paramount Pictures (Popeye the Sailor), Universal Pictures (Woody Woodpecker) and MGM (Tom and Jerry, Droopy, etc.). [2] [PAR] Since its success during the short film era of cartoons, Looney Tunes has become a worldwide media franchise; spawning several television series, feature films, comic books, music albums, video games, and amusement park rides. Many of the characters have made and continue to make cameo appearances in various other television shows, films, and advertisements. [PAR] The most popular Looney Tunes character, Bugs Bunny, is regarded as a cultural icon and has appeared in more films than any other cartoon character. [3] Several Looney Tunes films are regarded as some of the greatest animated cartoons of all time. [4] [PAR] Contents [PAR] The First Looney Tunes Title [PAR] The Second Title with Honey and Bosko [PAR] In the beginning both Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies drew their storylines from Warner's vast music library. From 1934 to 1943, Merrie Melodies were produced in color and Looney Tunes in black and white. Some Looney Tunes series were produced in color for a test experiment from 1942-1943. After 1943, however, both series were produced in color and became virtually indistinguishable, with the only stylistic difference being in the variation between the opening theme music and titles. Both series also made use of the various Warner Bros. cartoon characters. By 1937, the theme music for Looney Tunes was \" The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down \" by Cliff Friend and Dave Franklin; the theme music for Merrie Melodies was an adaptation of \"Merrily We Roll Along\" by Charles Tobias, Murray Mencher, and Eddie Cantor. [PAR] 1930-1969 [PAR] In 1929, to compete against Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse short cartoons, WB became interested in developing a series of musical animated shorts to promote their music. They had recently acquired the ownership of Brunswick Records along with four music publishers for US $28 million. Consequently, they were eager to start promoting this material to cash in on the sales of sheet music and phonograph records. Warner made a deal with Leon Schlesinger to produce cartoons for WB. Schlesinger hired Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising to produce their first series of cartoons. Bosko was Looney Tunes' first major lead character, debuting in the short Bosko, The Talk-Ink Kid in 1929. The first Looney Tunes short was Sinkin' in the Bathtub , which was released in 1930. [1] [PAR] From 1937\u20131939, and from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Did removing one olive lead to an airline saving thousands ... nutrition - Did removing one olive lead to an airline saving thousands of dollars? - Skeptics Stack Exchange [PAR] Did removing one olive lead to an airline saving thousands of dollars? [PAR] up vote 39 down vote favorite [PAR] 2 [PAR] Quite a common story that gets brought up around airports or business meetings when someone wants to provide a famous example of small change for massive savings is the olive story. [PAR] Apparently there was an airline that managed to save tens of thousands of dollars per year by removing a single olive from the salads in their meals, because it was hardly noticed by customers it was a massive win, tens of thousands of dollars without anyone noticing. [PAR] How true is this story? Did this actually get implemented or was it something that someone brought up at a meeting and it was never actioned although it became famous? [PAR] First place goes to American Airlines for the brilliant, yet simple cost cutting measure they implemented back in 1987. The airline was able to save $70,000 in 1987 by eliminating just one olive from each salad served in first class. [PAR] Most references I can find link it to AA, but there is nothing backing this up on either their website and its not referenced in the AA wikipedia article. [PAR] Is there any definitive proof that can confirm this (like a newspaper from 1987 with the story or a company flyer etc. that has this information)? [PAR] 19 [PAR] [PAR] I find it hard to believe that they actually counted how many olives exactly they put into salads for each customer. Whats next, removing exactly 4 rice grains from sushi? :) \u2013 user288 Aug 25 '11 at 23:46 [PAR] 7 [PAR] [PAR] @Sejanus I can certainly imagine that an airline would weigh everything. If you cut the weight of each dish by a few grams, multiplied by hundreds of meals per flight and thousands of flights per year, it's not inconceivable that it could add up to significant savings. I'm more skeptical about the counting of olives claim, though. Are they supposed to have saved money directly on the cost of olives, on fuel savings, or a combination? \u2013 jozzas Aug 26 '11 at 1:15 [PAR] 8 [PAR] [PAR] This is not a cost saving measure. This is downsizing and devaluing your product. \u2013 Daniel Iankov Aug 26 '11 at 10:57 [PAR] 7 [PAR] [PAR] Many large food operations do indeed have portioning control (aka number-of-olives checklist) \u2013 horatio Aug 26 '11 at 17:47 [PAR] 25 [PAR] [PAR] How is this a \u201cmassive win\u201d? $70,000 shouldn\u2019t even be noticeable in an airline\u2019s yearly turnover. In fact, I\u2019m not sure that it\u2019s reliably measurable. \u2013 Konrad Rudolph Aug 27 '11 at 11:28 [PAR] up vote 37 down vote accepted [PAR] This is attributed to Bob Crandall, the American Airlines CEO of that timeframe. He was indeed a very driven individual to reduce cost and make money. This particular exploit is covered in a book called Corporate Creativity: how innovation and improvement actually happen By Alan G. Robinson, Sam Stern. The story is detailed on page 107 , although there it is claimed it saved $500,000 annually! Which is significantly over most of the references I found claiming anywhere from $40,000 to $80,000 (more in line with your question). Maybe that's accounting for inflation? [PAR] This is credible, but I can't find any original documentation yet. Please stand by. In the meantime, some additional discussion. (Still"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Pericarditis? - The American Heart Association What is Pericarditis? [PAR] What is Pericarditis? [PAR] Updated:Jul 5,2016 [PAR] Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, two thin layers of a sac-like tissue that surrounds the heart, holds it in place and helps it work. A small amount of fluid keeps the layers separate so that there\u2019s no friction between them. [PAR] A common symptom of pericarditis is chest pain , caused by the sac\u2019s layers becoming inflamed and possibly rubbing against the heart. It may feel like pain from a heart attack. If you have chest pain, call 9\u20131\u20131 right away because you may be having a heart attack . [PAR] Overview [PAR] Pericarditis can be attributed to other factors, including viral, bacterial, fungal, and other infections. Other possible causes are heart attack or heart surgery , other medical conditions, injuries and medicines. [PAR] Pericarditis can be acute, meaning it happens suddenly and typically doesn't last long, or chronic,\u201d meaning it develops over time and may take longer to treat. Both types of pericarditis can disrupt your heart's normal rhythm or function and possibly, though rarely, lead to death. [PAR] Outlook [PAR] Most of the time, pericarditis is mild and clears up on its own with rest or simple treatment. Sometimes, to prevent complications, more intense treatment is needed. [PAR] Recovery from pericarditis may take a few days to weeks or even months. [PAR] Other Names for Pericarditis [PAR] Idiopathic pericarditis (no known cause) [PAR] Acute pericarditis [PAR] Chronic effusive pericarditis and chronic constrictive pericarditis (forms of chronic pericarditis) [PAR] Recurrent pericarditis [PAR] Causes of Pericarditis [PAR] The cause of pericarditis is often unknown, though viral infections are a common cause. Pericarditis often occurs after a respiratory infection. Chronic, or recurring pericarditis is usually the result of autoimmune disorders such as lupus, scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis, disorders in which the body's immune system makes antibodies that mistakenly attack the body's tissues or cells. [PAR] Other possible causes of pericarditis are: [PAR] Heart attack and heart surgery [PAR] Kidney failure, HIV/AIDS, cancer, tuberculosis, and other health problems [PAR] Injuries from accidents or radiation therapy [PAR] Certain medicines, like phenytoin (an antiseizure medicine), warfarin and heparin ( blood-thinning medicines ), and procainamide (a medicine to treat irregular heartbeats ) [PAR] Who Is at Risk for Pericarditis? [PAR] Pericarditis affects people of all ages, but men 20 to 50 years old are more likely to develop it than others. Among those treated for acute pericarditis, 15 to 30 percent may get it again, with a small number eventually developing chronic pericarditis. [PAR] This content was last reviewed March 2016. [PAR] Also in this section:[DOC] [TLE] Myocarditis/Pericarditis - body, last, viral, contagious ... Myocarditis/Pericarditis - body, last, viral, contagious, causes [PAR] Myocarditis/Pericarditis [PAR] Myocarditis/Pericarditis [PAR] Photo by: claudio [PAR] Myocarditis (my-oh-kar-DYE-tis) is inflammation of the heart muscle, and pericarditis (per-ih-kar-DYE-tis) is inflammation of the smooth sac surrounding the heart. [PAR] KEYWORDS [PAR] for searching the Internet and other reference sources [PAR] Cardiomyopathy [PAR] Pericardium [PAR] What Are Myocarditis and Pericarditis? [PAR] Myocarditis, or inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart, is most commonly caused by viruses, however, it can also be caused by bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Other causes of the condition include radiation, chemicals, cocaine use, and prescription medications. Conditions that affect several parts of the body, such as autoimmune diseases * , also can be associated with both myocarditis and pericarditis. [PAR] When the pericardium (per-ih-KAR-dee-um), the smooth, double-layered sac-like covering that surrounds the heart, becomes inflamed\u2014known as pericarditis\u2014fluid usually accumulates in the space between its layers. As the"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Mount Kosciuszko - Facts on Highest Peak in Australia Mount Kosciuszko - Facts on Highest Peak in Australia [PAR] Elevation: 7,310 feet (2,228 meters) [PAR] Prominence: 7,310 feet (2,228 meters) Most Prominent Mountain in Australia. [PAR] Location: Great Dividing Range, New South Wales, Australia. [PAR] Coordinates: -36.455981 S / 148.263333 W [PAR] First Ascent: First ascent by an expedition led by Polish explorer Count Pawel Edmund Strzelecki, 1840. [PAR] Highest Mountain in Australia [PAR] Mount Kosciuszko is the highest mountain on the Australian continent . It is not, however, the highest mountain on Australian territory. Mawson Peak on Heard Island, an Australian territory in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica and between Australia and Africa, is the highest peak in any state and territory in Australia. Mawson Peak, a snow-covered volcano, rises to 9,006 feet (2,745 meters). [PAR] High Point of Great Dividing Range [PAR] Mount Kosciuszko is the high point of the Great Dividing Range , a long mountain range that runs along the entire eastern part of Australia from Queensland to Victoria. Mount Kosciuszko itself is in New South Wales a few miles from its border with Victoria. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] The Fastest Miles Ever Run [PAR] Glaciers chiseled out the mountain, leaving glacial features like cirques and moraines, during the Pleistocene Epoch over 20,000 years ago. [PAR] Kosciuszko National Park [PAR] Mount Kosciuszko is the centerpiece of 1,664,314-acre Kosciuszko National Park , Australia largest national park. The park was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1977 for its many unusual alpine plants and animals. The alpine zone on Mount Kosciuszko includes many rare and endemic plants and flowers that are found nowhere else in the world. [PAR] Snowiest Place in Australia [PAR] The Mount Kosciuszko area is the coldest and snowiest part of Australia, which is mostly an arid and hot continent. Snow covers the mountain from June through October. The area also has Australia\u2019s only ski areas , including Thredbo and Perisher ski resorts . [PAR] Named for Polish Explorer [PAR] Polish explorer Count Pawel Edmund Strzelecki named Mount Kosciuszko in 1840 for Polish hero General Tadeusz Kosciuszko . Kosciuszko (1746-1817) joined the American Army during the Revolution, eventually rising to the rank of General as well as being the Deputy Engineer for the army. He was a defensive expert who created fortifications for Saratoga , Philadelphia, and West Point. He later urged that the Military Academy be situated at West Point . He was also friends with George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Kosciuszko returned to Poland in 1787 and waged war against neighboring countries for Polish independence. Later he retired to Switzerland, writing books about military strategy. After his death in 1817, Kosciuszko was hailed not only as a Polish patriot but also as a great American and a true citizen of the world. [PAR] Name Often Misspelled [PAR] The mountain name was misspelled in English as Kosciusko but changed by the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales to the proper Polish spelling Kosciuszko in 1997. [PAR] How to Pronounce Kosciuszko [PAR] The tongue-twisting name Kosciuszko is pronounced in Australia as: kozzy-OS-ko. The proper Polish pronunciation is: kosh-CHOOSH-ko. Aussies often just called the mountain \"Kossy.\" [PAR] Aboriginal Names for Mountain [PAR] There are several native Aboriginal names associated with the mountain, with some confusion as to the exact sounds. These are Jagungal, Jar-gan-gil, Tar-gan-gil, Tackingal, all of which mean \u201cTable Top Mountain.\u201d [PAR] Easiest of the Seven Summits [PAR] Mount Kosciuszko, the lowest of the Seven Summits or the seven highest points on the seven continents, is also the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Thailand Flag colors - Thailand Flag meaning history Thailand Flag colors - Thailand Flag meaning history [PAR] WORLD FLAGS [PAR] Thailand National Flag - Information [PAR] The flag of the Kingdom of Thailand, popularly known as \u0e18\u0e07\u0e44\u0e15\u0e23\u0e23\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c (Thong Trairong) meaning \"tricolour flag\u201d, features five horizontal stripes in the colours red, white, blue, white and red, with the central blue stripe being twice as wide as each of the other four. [PAR] Thailand Flag - Colors - meaning and symbolism [PAR] Red symbolizes the nation and the blood of life [PAR] White represents Buddhism and the purity of Buddhism [PAR] Blue stands for the monarchy [PAR] Thailand Flag - History, Facts & information for kids [PAR] The first flag of Thailand was created in 1855 by King Rama IV (Mongkut) that featured a white elephant on a red field. On November 21, 1916, King Rama VI (Vajiravudh) replaced the elephant with two horizontal white stripes against a red background. and on September 28, 1917, in the midst of World War I, the central red stripe was changed to blue in order to express solidarity with the Allies (UK, USA, Russia and France) whose flags were red, white and blue. [PAR] Thailand Flag - History, Facts & information for kids [PAR] Thailand flag flying gracefully against the wind [PAR] Thailand Flag pictures[DOC] [TLE] Thailand Flag | Thai Flag - Maps of World Thailand Flag | Thai Flag [PAR] Quiz on national flags [PAR] Thailand Flag [PAR] The Thailand flag was officially adopted on September 28, 1917. The flag of Thailand comprises of five horizontal stripes. In the top and bottom of the flag of Thailand there are equal-sized red stripes, which represent the blood of life. [PAR] Flag of Thailand [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] Close [PAR] Disclaimer : All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. However Compare Infobase Limited, its directors and employees do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. [PAR] In the middle of the Thailand flag there is a blue stripe which is lined above and below by equal-sized white stripes. Blue is Thailand's national color and it [PAR] represents the Thai monarchy. [PAR] The white color stands for purity and is the color of Buddhism, which is the main religion of Thailand. The Thailand flag has a width-to-length ratio of 2:3. [PAR] Official Name: Prahet Thai (Kingdom of Thailand) [PAR] Capital: Bangkok [PAR] Location: Thailand lies on the gulf of Thailand it has borders with Burma laos Kampuchea and Malaysia. [PAR] Area: 514, 000 Sq. km. [PAR] Official Languages: Thai [PAR] National Flag: 5 horizontal stripes of red white blue white and red and the blue stripe occupying the central one third of the whole area. [PAR] Fact about Thailand flag"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Celal Bayar Celal Bayar [PAR] CHRONOLOGY Last Meeting of the Ottoman Parliament [PAR] HIS LEGACY [PAR] Celal Bayar occupies a monumental place in Turkish Political History -- as one of the founders of the Turkish Republic, the hero of the National Unity movement, leader and implementer of the Turkish economy, and as a great statesman. [PAR] EARLY LIFE [PAR] Mahmut Celal's family emigrated from Plevne, Bulgaria to Umurbey, Turkey during the Turkish-Russian war (1877-1878) as the Ottoman Empire was declining. His father, Abdullah Fehmi Efendi, was the Headmaster of the Berkofca School of Islamic Sciences in the Tuna province of Bulgaria. In Umurbey the Ottoman Ministry of Education appointed him Headmaster of the Bursa-Gemlik-Umurbey School system. After Fehmi Efendi's eldest son, Behzat, died while in the Military Academy in Edirne, and his second son died from malaria while in the Naval Academy, he decided to keep his third son, Mahmut Celal, in Umurbey, tutoring him in Arabic and Persian. [PAR] BANKER [PAR] After completing his higher education in Umurbey, Mahmut Celal worked at the Gemlik judicial courts and Administration departments, then went to Bursa to work at the Ziraat Bank. While at the Ziraat Bank he studied at the Silk Cultivation and Textile school and learned French at the Bursa branch of the \"College Francaise de L'Assomption.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd In 1903 he married Reside Hanim, the daughter of Inegollu Rafet Bey, and his first son, Refi, was born in 1904. In 1905 he successfully completed the entrance examinations of the \"Deutsche Orient Bank,\" proved his exceptional abilities, and rapidly rose to become a high executive. [PAR] HERO OF THE UNITY MOVEMENT [PAR] In 1907 at the urging of the Lieutenant Governor of Bursa, Hamza Bey, he joined the Party of Union and Progress and performed tasks that were vital to the activities of the party. During the 31 March 1909 uprising of the fanatic religious soldiers in Istanbul he formed a volunteer company to prevent its spread to Bursa. [PAR] During the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), in which the Ottoman Empire lost substantial territory, the Greeks deployed their militant priests and successfully captured Macedonia. In World War I they attempted to employ the same tactics to capture the coastal areas and strategic Aegean centers from Mudanya to Fethiye. During this critical time the Party of Union and Progress assigned their trusted member, Mahmut Celal Bey, to the Izmir region, where his astute political and military defense activities in the Izmir region laid the foundation for the failure of the Greek master plan to capture the entire Aegean Region. [PAR] In cultural activities Mahmut Celal founded the National Library, expanded the Higher Education School of the Party of Union and Progress and contributed to the dissemination of new concepts for the advancement of the people. In Izmir he founded the \"Towards the People\" society and published a newspaper of that name, calling on the people to unite against the foreign occupation. The Ottoman Cabinet later closed this newspaper and issued an arrest warrant for Mahmut Celal. [PAR] In 1918, during the World War I armistice, he founded the Society for the Protection of Ottoman's Rights and was the first person to propose armed resistance to the allied occupation of the Aegean region. His wife, Reside Hanim, encouraged him in these activities. The Ottoman cabinet considered these activities rebellious and sent a company of soldiers to capture him. After Odemis and Tire were occupied by the Greeks, Mahmut Celal took refuge in the Dagyenice village near Germencik, taking the pseudonym of Galip Hoca, while continuing the resistance to the occupation. With the assistance"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Edward VIII abdicates - Dec 11, 1936 - HISTORY.com Edward VIII abdicates - Dec 11, 1936 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Edward VIII abdicates [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] After ruling for less than one year, Edward VIII becomes the first English monarch to voluntarily abdicate the throne. He chose to abdicate after the British government, public, and the Church of England condemned his decision to marry the American divorc\u00e9e Wallis Warfield Simpson. On the evening of December 11, he gave a radio address in which he explained, \u201cI have found it impossible to carry on the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge the duties of king, as I would wish to do, without the help and support of the woman I love.\u201d On December 12, his younger brother, the duke of York, was proclaimed King George VI. [PAR] Edward, born in 1894, was the eldest son of King George V, who became the British sovereign in 1910. Still unmarried as he approached his 40th birthday, he socialized with the fashionable London society of the day. By 1934, he had fallen deeply in love with American socialite Wallis Warfield Simpson, who was married to Ernest Simpson, an English-American businessman who lived with Mrs. Simpson near London. Wallis, who was born in Pennsylvania, had previously married and divorced a U.S. Navy pilot. The royal family disapproved of Edward\u2019s married mistress, but by 1936 the prince was intent on marrying Mrs. Simpson. Before he could discuss this intention with his father, George V died, in January 1936, and Edward was proclaimed king. [PAR] The new king proved popular with his subjects, and his coronation was scheduled for May 1937. His affair with Mrs. Simpson was reported in American and continental European newspapers, but due to a gentlemen\u2019s agreement between the British press and the government, the affair was kept out of British newspapers. On October 27, 1936, Mrs. Simpson obtained a preliminary decree of divorce, presumably with the intent of marrying the king, which precipitated a major scandal. To the Church of England and most British politicians, an American woman twice divorced was unacceptable as a prospective British queen. Winston Churchill, then a Conservative backbencher, was the only notable politician to support Edward. [PAR] Despite the seemingly united front against him, Edward could not be dissuaded. He proposed a morganatic marriage, in which Wallis would be granted no rights of rank or property, but on December 2, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin rejected the suggestion as impractical. The next day, the scandal broke on the front pages of British newspapers and was discussed openly in Parliament. With no resolution possible, the king renounced the throne on December 10. The next day, Parliament approved the abdication instrument, and Edward VIII\u2019s reign came to an end. The new king, George VI, made his older brother the duke of Windsor. On June 3, 1937, the duke of Windsor and Wallis Warfield married at the Ch\u00e2teau de Cande in France\u2019s Loire Valley. [PAR] For the next two years, the duke and duchess lived primarily in France but visited other European countries, including Germany, where the duke was honored by Nazi officials in October 1937 and met with Adolf Hitler. After the outbreak of World War II, the duke accepted a position as liaison officer with the French. In June 1940, France fell to the Nazis, and Edward and Wallis went to Spain. During this period, the Nazis concocted a scheme to kidnap Edward with the intention of returning him to the British throne as a puppet king. George VI, like his prime minister, Winston Churchill,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Horse\u2019s Birthday - Whats On In Melbourne Victoria Australia Horses\ufffd Birthday 2017 [PAR] In Australia, every horse has its birthday on the first day of August each year.. [PAR] Tuesday 1st August 2017 [PAR] All thoroughbreds have the same birthday so that their ages can be standardized for comparison because of the historical lack of records of actual birth days. [PAR] All thoroughbred horses celebrate their birth day on the same date, January 1 in the Northern hemisphere and August 1 in the Southern hemisphere. [PAR] After the first time a horse is alive on August 1st it is considered a yearling. The next August 1st is it's 2nd birthday and it is considered 2 years old, even though it could conceivably be one year one day old. [PAR] Phar Lap [PAR] Today we like to remember 'Big Red' better known as Phar Lap . Phar Lap (1926\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd1932) was a champion thoroughbred racehorse whose achievements captured the public's imagination during the early years of the Great Depression. [PAR] Foaled in New Zealand, and brought to Australia, Phar Lap dominated Australian racing during a distinguished career, winning a Melbourne Cup, two Cox Plates and 19 other weight for age races. He then won the Agua Caliente Handicap in Tijuana, Mexico in track-record time in his final race. After a sudden and mysterious illness, Phar Lap died in 1932. At the time, he was the third highest stakes-winner in the world. [PAR] His mounted hide is displayed at Melbourne Museum , his skeleton at Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and his heart at the National Museum of Australia in Canberra. [PAR] next birthday [PAR] Date: Tuesday 1st of August 2017 [PAR] 2017-08-01[DOC] [TLE] A History of Museum Victoria: 1932 A History of Museum Victoria: 1932 [PAR] Pictorial Timeline [PAR] 1932 [PAR] The National Museum acquires the mounted hide of the famous race horse, Phar Lap, after he dies in America. For many visitors, a look at Phar Lap in his glass case is a highlight of their trip to the Museum. [PAR] Phar Lap won 36 races in Australia between April 1929 and November 1931. He won the 1930 Melbourne Cup, and was the only horse to start favourite for the Melbourne Cup three years in succession [PAR] Source: Museum Victoria [PAR] On his death, his hide was donated to the National Museum of Victoria, his skeleton went to a museum in Wellington, New Zealand, and his heart went to the Australian Institute of Anatomy, now the National Museum in Canberra. [PAR] Timeline"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Fact Check: The Bust of Winston Churchill | whitehouse.gov Fact Check: The Bust of Winston Churchill | whitehouse.gov [PAR] Fact Check: The Bust of Winston Churchill [PAR] July 27, 2012 at 1:21 PM ET by Dan Pfeiffer [PAR] Twitter Facebook Email [PAR] Summary: [PAR] The bust of Winston Churchill has a prominent place in the White House -- in the Residence, outside the Treaty Room. [PAR] Lately, there\u2019s been a rumor swirling around about the current location of the bust of Winston Churchill. Some have claimed that President Obama removed the bust of Winston Churchill from the Oval Office and sent it back to the British Embassy. [PAR] Now, normally we wouldn\u2019t address a rumor that\u2019s so patently false, but just this morning the Washington Post\u2019s Charles Krauthammer repeated this ridiculous claim in his column. He said President Obama \u201cstarted his Presidency by returning to the British Embassy the bust of Winston Churchill that had graced the Oval Office.\u201d [PAR] This is 100% false. The bust still in the White House. In the Residence. Outside the Treaty Room. [PAR] News outlets have debunked this claim time and again. First, back in 2010 the National Journal reported that \u201cthe Churchill bust was relocated to a prominent spot in the residence to make room for Abraham Lincoln, a figure from whom the first African-American occupant of the Oval Office might well draw inspiration in difficult times.\u201d And just in case anyone forgot, just last year the AP reported that President Obama \u201creplaced the Oval Office fixture with a bust of one of his American heroes, President Abraham Lincoln, and moved the Churchill bust to the White House residence.\u201d [PAR] In case these news reports are not enough for Mr. Krauthammer and others, here\u2019s a picture of the President showing off the Churchill bust to Prime Minister Cameron when he visited the White House residence in 2010. [PAR] President Barack Obama shows Prime Minister David Cameron of the United Kingdom a bust of Sir Winston Churchill in the private residence of the White House, July 20, 2010. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza) [PAR] Hopefully this clears things up a bit and prevents folks from making this ridiculous claim again. [PAR] Update: [PAR] Since my post on the fact that the bust of Winston Churchill has remained on display in the White House, despite assertions to the contrary, I have received a bunch of questions -- so let me provide some additional info. The White House has had a bust of Winston Churchill since the 1960\u2019s. At the start of the Bush administration Prime Minister Blair lent President Bush a bust that matched the one in the White House, which was being worked on at the time and was later returned to the residence. The version lent by Prime Minister Blair was displayed by President Bush until the end of his Presidency. On January 20, 2009 -- Inauguration Day -- all of the art lent specifically for President Bush\u2019s Oval Office was removed by the curator\u2019s office, as is common practice at the end of every presidency. The original Churchill bust remained on display in the residence. The idea put forward by Charles Krauthammer and others that President Obama returned the Churchill bust or refused to display the bust because of antipathy towards the British is completely false and an urban legend that continues to circulate to this day.[DOC] [TLE] Barack Obama sends bust of Winston Churchill on its way ... Barack Obama sends bust of Winston Churchill on its way back to Britain - Telegraph [PAR] Barack Obama sends"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What is Steatopygia ? - Latest News & Reviews by Softpedia What is Steatopygia? [PAR] What is Steatopygia? [PAR] Apr 4, 2007 15:09 GMT \u00b7 By Stefan Anitei \u00b7 [PAR] Share: [PAR] Steatopygia is a high degree of fat accumulation in and around the buttocks. [PAR] The deposit of fat is not confined to the buttock regions, but extends to the outside and front of the thighs, forming a thick layer reaching sometimes to the knee. [PAR] This is a widespread genetic trait of the Khoisan (more commonly known as Bushmen). [PAR] It is specially a female feature, but it occurs in a lesser degree at men too (in most genetic variations of Homo sapiens, females tend to exhibit a greater propensity to fat tissue accumulation in the buttock region as compared with males). [PAR] This trait is also found amongst the Pygmies of Central Africa or from Andaman Islands (Southeast Asia). [PAR] Khoisan see this as a beauty sign: it begins in infancy and is fully developed by the time of the first pregnancy. [PAR] Steatopygia is often accompanied by the formation of elongated labia (labia minora may extend as much as 4 inches (10 cm) (!) outside the vulva). [PAR] Look how a Boer in the XVIII the century describes this trait: [PAR] \"The lining of the body appears to be loose, so that in certain places part of it dangles out. They have to themselves this peculiarity from other races that most of them possess finger-shaped appendages, always double, hanging down from the private parts; these are evidently nymphae (labia minora).\" [PAR] James Cook, the famous British navigator, noted in 1771, while passing by Cape colony: [PAR] \"The great question among natural historians, whether the women of this country have or have not that fleshy flap or apron which has been called the Sinus pudoris. The most recent testimony of travellers commands us to put the cutaneous ventrale of female Hottentots in the same category as the human tail, and in like manner to relegate it to the fables.\" [PAR] Steatopygia was studied for the first time by scientists in 1805, by French zoologists P?ron and Lesueur, but at that time, many thought this was inaccurate or exaggerated, or that they had examined monstrosities and represented them as normal, or perhaps the subject may had been regarded as indelicate. [PAR] The labia forms can vary amongst Bushmen populations: in South West Africa, each labium is flattened and broadened to form a wing-like object, when laid out flat (the 'butterfly' type) while in Botswana and the Cape Province of South Africa the width is reduced and the anterior part thickened, resulting in an object like the wattle of a turkey-cock. [PAR] The 'wattle' type is commonly 3-4\" long (7? - 10 cm), the 'butterfly' l? - 2\" (3.8 - 6.3 cm). [PAR] Pygmies (both from Africa and Asia) and Bushmen are seen as the remnants of the most archaic current races and once, they inhabited most of Africa, from the Gulf of Aden to the Cape of Good Hope and all southern Asia till New Guinea. [PAR] Hottentots, of mixed Bushmen-Bantu roots, also often present this trait, as do Basters, mulattoes between Boers and Bushmen or Hottentots, while at the Khoisan, males can present steatopygia more often than Hottentot women. [PAR] It seems that steatopygia in both sexes was common in early types of Homo sapiens. [PAR] Paleolithic figurines and cave paintings from Europe depicting women, some as old as 30,000 years, clearly display stetopygia. [PAR] Those Cro-Magnon were more similar racially to the current Bushmen"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Compound Words - CommNet Compound Words [PAR] Compound Words [PAR] Definition [PAR] In English, words, particularly adjectives and nouns, are combined into compound structures in a variety of ways. And once they are formed, they sometimes metamorphose over time. A common pattern is that two words \u0097 fire fly, say \u0097 will be joined by a hyphen for a time \u0097 fire-fly \u0097 and then be joined into one word \u0097 firefly. In this respect, a language like German, in which words are happily and immediately linked one to the other, might seem to have an advantage. There is only one sure way to know how to spell compounds in English: use an authoritative dictionary. [PAR] There are three forms of compound words: [PAR] the closed form, in which the words are melded together, such as firefly, secondhand, softball, childlike, crosstown, redhead, keyboard, makeup, notebook; [PAR] the hyphenated form, such as daughter-in-law, master-at-arms, over-the-counter, six-pack, six-year-old, mass-produced; [PAR] and the open form, such as post office, real estate, middle class, full moon, half sister, attorney general. [PAR] How a word modified by an adjective \u0097 \"a little school,\" \"the yellow butter\" \u0097 is different from a compound word \u0097 \" a high school,\" \"the peanut butter\" \u0097 is a nice and philosophical question. It clearly has something to do with the degree to which the preceding word changes the essential character of the noun, the degree to which the modifier and the noun are inseparable. If you were diagramming a sentence with a compound word, you would probably keep the words together, on the same horizontal line. [PAR] Modifying compounds are often hyphenated to avoid confusion. The New York Public Library's Writer's Guide points out that an old-furniture salesman clearly deals in old furniture, but an old furniture salesman would be an old man. We probably would not have the same ambiguity, however, about a used car dealer. When compounded modifiers precede a noun, they are often hyphenated: part-time teacher, fifty-yard-wide field, fire-resistant curtains, high-speed chase. When those same modifying words come after the noun, however, they are not hyphenated: a field fifty yards wide, curtains that are fire resistant, etc. The second-rate opera company gave a performance that was first rate. [PAR] Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives are hyphenated when compounded with other modifiers: the highest-priced car, the shorter-term loan. But this is not always the case: the most talented youngster. Adverbs, words ending in -ly, are not hyphenated when compounded with other modifiers: a highly rated bank, a partially refunded ticket, publicly held securities. [PAR] Sometimes hyphenated modifiers lose their hyphens when they become compound nouns: A clear decision-making process was evident in their decision making. The bluish grey was slowly disappearing from the bluish-grey sky. This is not always so, however: your high-rise apartment building is also known as a high-rise. [PAR] When modifying a person with his or her age, the compounded phrase is hyphenated: my six-year-old son. However, when the age comes after the person, we don't use a hyphen. My son is six years old. He is, however, a six-year-old."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Writing Basics: What Makes a Good Sentence? - lardbucket Writing Basics: What Makes a Good Sentence? [PAR] ________________________________________________________________ [PAR] Collaboration [PAR] Find an article in a newspaper, a magazine, or online that interests you. Bring it to class or post it online. Then, looking at a classmate\u2019s article, identify one example of each part of a sentence (S, V, LV, N, Adj, Adv, DO, IO). Please share or post your results. [PAR] Fragments [PAR] The sentences you have encountered so far have been independent clauses. As you look more closely at your past writing assignments, you may notice that some of your sentences are not complete. A sentence that is missing a subject or a verb is called a fragment An incomplete sentence that results when a subject or a verb is missing.. A fragment may include a description or may express part of an idea, but it does not express a complete thought. [PAR] Fragment: Children helping in the kitchen. [PAR] Complete sentence: Children helping in the kitchen often make a mess. [PAR] You can easily fix a fragment by adding the missing subject or verb. In the example, the sentence was missing a verb. Adding often make a mess creates an S-V-N sentence structure. [PAR] Figure 2.1 Editing Fragments That Are Missing a Subject or a Verb [PAR] See whether you can identify what is missing in the following fragments. [PAR] Fragment: Told her about the broken vase. [PAR] Complete sentence: I told her about the broken vase. [PAR] Fragment: The store down on Main Street. [PAR] Complete sentence: The store down on Main Street sells music. [PAR] Common Sentence Errors [PAR] Fragments often occur because of some common error, such as starting a sentence with a preposition, a dependent word, an infinitive A verb form that combines the word to with a verb, such as to buy, to go, or to gather., or a gerund A verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun, such as running, writing, or celebrating.. If you use the six basic sentence patterns when you write, you should be able to avoid these errors and thus avoid writing fragments. [PAR] When you see a preposition, check to see that it is part of a sentence containing a subject and a verb. If it is not connected to a complete sentence, it is a fragment, and you will need to fix this type of fragment by combining it with another sentence. You can add the prepositional phrase to the end of the sentence. If you add it to the beginning of the other sentence, insert a comma after the prepositional phrase. [PAR] Figure 2.2 Editing Fragments That Begin with a Preposition [PAR] Example A [PAR] Example B [PAR] Clauses that start with a dependent word The first word in a dependent clause. Common dependent words are since, because, without, unless, and so on.\u2014such as since, because, without, or unless\u2014are similar to prepositional phrases. Like prepositional phrases, these clauses can be fragments if they are not connected to an independent clause containing a subject and a verb. To fix the problem, you can add such a fragment to the beginning or end of a sentence. If the fragment is added at the beginning of a sentence, add a comma. [PAR] When you encounter a word ending in -ing in a sentence, identify whether or not this word is used as a verb in the sentence. You may also look for a helping verb. If the word is not used as a verb or if no helping verb is used"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Frequently Asked Questions about Coffee Frequently Asked Questions about Coffee [PAR] Frequently Asked Questions about Coffee [PAR] Version 3.11 [PAR] coffee@aomt.netmegs.com [PAR] This FAQ is dedicated to coffee and all that goes with it. [PAR] There are several newsgroups in which these topics may be of relevance, including rec.food.drink.coffee, alt.coffee, alt.food.coffee and alt.drugs.caffeine. [PAR] I welcome any and all contributions to this FAQ. If you do not agree with the info in here please let me know or write an article for the FAQ. If you feel you can explain something better than I have, by all means rewrite the article and send it in. [PAR] The quality of a brew depends on the following factors (in no particular order): [PAR] Time since grinding the beans. [PAR] Time since roasting. [PAR] Bean quality (what crop, etc.). [PAR] Water quality. [PAR] Fact: Unless you are buying some major debris, bean quality is not very important, as compared to 1-3 and 5. [PAR] Fact: A coffee can in the supermarket often contains major debris, so be careful when you choose. (See note below). [PAR] Fact: Once you have freshly roasted and ground coffee, filtered water and equipment free of oil residues from the last brew, quality of beans makes a huge difference. [PAR] NOTE: A coffee can in the supermarket often contains a blend of Arabica and robusta beans while most coffee houses sell only arabica beans. Arabica beans are usually flavor rich, while robusta beans have more caffeine, less flavor and are cheaper to produce. [PAR] When you buy coffee, whether in a coffee house or in a supermarket, you want to get 100% arabica, except for espresso blends, which may be a combination of both. My personal experience says that a 100% arabica espresso blend is better but many people (including many Italians) will disagree on this point, so go with what you like. [PAR] For freshness, in a coffee house it is better to buy popular blends that move fast, while in a supermarket vacuum packaged containers with expiration date are your best bet. [PAR] Chances are you will not get truly fresh coffee in a supermarket. This is an absolute fact if it is pre-ground. In a coffee house look for a shop that roasts in-house and ask what was roasted that day. If the person behind the counter does not know, ask to talk to someone who cares about coffee. If no one knows, go somewhere else. As a side note, it should be mentioned that coffee is at its best after 12-24 hours, so you might be interested in day-old coffee as well if you plan to brew the same day. Also, grind your own coffee. Buying fresh and then having it ground defeats the purpose. Ground coffee only lasts a few hours or one day tops. [PAR] What is the difference between arabica and robusta? [PAR] Arabica beans and robusta beans are two different species of coffee. They are the primary species of coffee that find their way into the American cup. The general differences are those of taste, and the conditions under which the two species differ in production. [PAR] Taste: Arabicas have a wider taste range, between varieties. They range in taste from sweet-soft to sharp-tangy. Their unroasted smell is sometimes likened to blueberries. Their roasted smell is perfumey with fruity notes and sugary tones. [PAR] Robustas taste range is neutral to harsh and they are often described as tasting grain-like, oatmeally. Their unroasted smell is often described as raw-peanutty. Their roasted smell is often likened to burnt rubber. [PAR] Production"
    },
    {
        "context": ""
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins ... - Brownielocks WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins, Meanings by Brownielocks. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The first teensy weensy swimsuit known as the \"bikini\" went on sale in 1947. But how did it get its name? The male reaction to this was often described to be like an atomic bomb. Since a year prior, 1946, the Marshall Islands were used for the atomic bomb test. 167 natives were moved to Rongerik under \"Operation Crossroads\" by William H.R. Blandy. Later more commonly referred to as \"Bikini Island Bomb Tests.\" Since this skimpy swimsuit created about the same earth shattering reactions as the bomb, it was explosively named the Bikini. After a few years, it was no longer capitalized and became bikini to represent a fashion style that showed a lot of skin, not necessarily for swimwear. I.E. A bikini-style top. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In old days, a rifle (or musket) had 3 major parts: A lock, a stock of wood and a metal barrel. Each part was totally useless without the other one. They had to all work together or well, you got nothing. But when they were all in sync, what a BLAST! Thus, when a person chose to put everything 100% into an decision, action or commitment and not just half-heartedly, he is said to be doing it \"lock, stock and barrel.\" [PAR] Alternate origin: lock stock and barrel also referred to when you bought a farm. Lock meant the house , stock was all the animals and barrel was the rain barrel meaning all the trivial junk, so that it was absolutely everything at the time of sale that was on the land that was sold If the previous owner left something valuable behind it was yours (too bad for them) as it had all been sold lock stock and barrel. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Many years ago a heavy cloth was created in Janua (modernly known as Genoa today) and shortened to the term \"jean.\" In 1495, King Henry VIII of England bought 262 bolts it because it didn't wear out quickly and was very prized. It remained its natural shade for years and years until one day a batch was dyed blue and turned over to tailors. For many years, the pants made from this fabric was for men only. Only until women wearing pants became socially acceptable (around WWII?) and later in the 50's and 60's have jeans become a fashion garment for women as well as men. They are no longer worn for their durability, since today mean blue jeans are promoted for being softer and even include spandex for stretch blue jeans. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In ancient Greece, voting for membership into some of their organizations was done via beans. White beans were dropped into a container who favored the candidate and brown or black beans if you didn't. Apparently the jar was not clear and (I assume) when you went to vote you kept your hands folded so no one knew if you dropped a white or black bean? Only the officials knew the actual vote results of black vs. white beans. However....on a few occasions a clumsy voter would knock over the jar and revealed all the beans! This is how the phrase got to refer to someone who reveals the truth or hidden secrets. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Back in the old days, calendars were only made (or seen) by monks and made by hand in monasteries or convents. Scribes often emphasized days of Saints or other important events by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How To Use These 3 Hypnotic \u201cPower Words\u201d To Covertly ... How To Use These 3 Hypnotic \u201cPower Words\u201d To Covertly Increase Your Conversion Rates [PAR] How To Use These 3 Hypnotic \u201cPower Words\u201d To Covertly Increase Your Conversion Rates [PAR] Imagine if you had the power to influence people\u2019s subconscious minds. [PAR] Imagine if you could do it by using simple trigger words to activate involuntary hypnotic \u201creflexes\u201d in their brains. [PAR] Now imagine you could do it in writing as well as in speech. [PAR] You probably don\u2019t believe this can actually happen. But I\u2019m going to tell you that it can\u2014because over time we\u2019ve all been subtly hypnotized to accept certain trigger words. The process started before we could even talk. [PAR] You would never suspect these hypnotic words of holding any power. They are simple, and innocuous. But when you use them consciously and correctly, they can dramatically improve your persuasive power. [PAR] I have already used six of them to keep you reading. [PAR] Now, I doubt you will ever guess all of them\u2014let alone deconstruct why they work. So I\u2019m going to go through the top three and tell you why they\u2019re so potent. And I\u2019ll include examples to help you put them to use. [PAR] But before I do that, a word about what hypnosis is, is not\u2014and why these words are considered hypnotic. [PAR] What Hypnosis Actually Is [PAR] Few marketers have more than a common \u201cknowledge\u201d about hypnosis. That\u2019s a pity because hypnosis is a very powerful psychological tool\u2014and marketing is all about psychology. [PAR] Here are some things you may think you know about hypnosis that are actually pure myths: [PAR] Hypnosis is mumbo-jumbo. Actually, it is a century-old psychological tool used by many doctors, dentists, psychiatrists and therapists to achieve everything from anesthesia without anesthetics, to stomach stapling without staples. [PAR] When you\u2019re hypnotized you\u2019re asleep. Actually, you are simply relaxed. Your subconscious mind is more active than your conscious (critical) mind. [PAR] I can\u2019t be hypnotized. Actually, we all go into varying states of hypnosis many times each day. When driving, when watching TV, when reading\u2014you may even be in a state of mild hypnosis right now. [PAR] Hypnotized people are like zombies or robots. Actually, you can\u2019t make someone under hypnosis do anything they don\u2019t already want to do. Sure, their subconscious mind is \u201cexposed\u201d in a state of hypnosis, so they\u2019re more willing to have their emotions\u2014and ultimately their decisions\u2014directed. And that\u2019s good for us as marketers and salespeople\u2014assuming that we\u2019re in this for the right reasons: i.e., helping people. But if they really don\u2019t want something, you ain\u2019t gonna sell it to them no matter what. So before you read on it would be smart to just double-check the first rule of sales, and make sure that your audience actually wants what you\u2019re offering them. [PAR] Okay, I\u2019m glad we cleared that up. Let\u2019s get into these three \u201cpower words\u201d shall we? [PAR] 1. \u201cIMAGINE\u201d [PAR] Why it\u2019s hypnotic [PAR] Two factors are at work here. [PAR] Firstly, you may have noticed that if you ask a stranger to do something\u2014especially to buy something\u2014they tend to balk. Their natural reaction is to question the instruction. To find a reason to disagree with it. The critical mind throws up objections. [PAR] What\u2019s interesting, though, is this doesn\u2019t happen if you just ask someone to imagine something. Especially if you ask them to imagine the outcome of the sale, rather than making the purchase itself. There\u2019s no resistance to that. [PAR] This is because we"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Letter-by-Letter Word Games - Panix Letter-by-Letter Word Games [PAR] Letter-by-Letter Word Games [PAR] Compiled by Steffan O'Sullivan [PAR] This page last updated September 14, 1997 [Yikes! I'm way behind! Folks have been sending more titles, and I haven't gotten to entering them yet - bad me. No excuse. Real Soon Now.] [PAR] [Note as of December 24, 1999: no, I never did get around to updating this file. But someone did volunteer to take over! Graham Toal has kindly taken over the task of collating all the notes I had for over two years. The enlarged, updated list can be found at http://www.gtoal.com/wordgames/ . [PAR] I recommend you head there now, as it contains everything that's in this page, plus much more! He's not only added games, but also information and letter distributions for some of the games listed. He's also interested in computer simulations of word games, and has a whole section devoted to that.] [PAR] If you have information to contribute to this project, you should e-mail it to Graham Toal . [PAR] The rest of this page has not been updated since 1997. [PAR] Back to Steffan O'Sullivan's Home Page [PAR] This is an attempt to list the letter-by-letter word games that have been published, that work with the English language. (And the language of the U.S.A., too, for you UK readers...) [PAR] The phrase \"letter-by-letter\" is used simply to distinguish such word games from word games which use whole words, phrases, sentences, etc. Examples of the latter include Taboo, Guestures, Trivial Pursuit, Charades, etc., all of which can be considered \"word games\", but are outside the scope of this list. Instead, this list focuses on games in which the basic element is a letter, and words are built up from there. Scrabble is probably the best-known letter-by-letter word game today, so think of games similar to that - at least vaguely similar, at any rate. [PAR] This list is not done yet - there have been an astonishing number of such games published. However, I'm burned out on it - I'm no longer seeking other titles of such games, but still am seeking comments for any game listed which lacks them. I'm also asking for corrections to any misinformation below! Send any such suggestions to gtoal @ gtoal.com . [PAR] Contributors: Comments are by: [PAR] Compiled by Steffan O'Sullivan [PAR] Ad Lib published by Lowe. A remake of Scribbage (below). [SOS] [PAR] Addiction published by Waddingtons. Choosing one die at a time, place them in a 5x5 grid, making as many words as you can, crossword fashion. [SOS] [PAR] Administrative Waltz published by Ariel. This is a satirical board game about rising to the top of various bureaucracies (the military, politics, etc.) in the UK, but in some way it incorporates the making of words from letter tiles. [DB] [PAR] Alfred's Other Game published by Selchow & Righter. This tile games is for 1-4 players, and is basically solitaire, whether played alone or with others. Each player has three areas: a place where tiles are laid out randomly at start, a place where completed words are spelled, and a place for leftovers. You form words from each line of six tiles - unused letters go to the leftover area, and can be reused later. Not a great game, unless multi-player solitaire is your thing. By Alfred E. Butts, the creator of Scrabble. [SOS] [PAR] Anagrams published by Selchow & Righter. 200 tiles, build words from them. You can steal your opponents words if you can add one or more letters to make an anagram"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Throw away Synonyms, Throw away Antonyms | Thesaurus.com Throw away Synonyms, Throw away Antonyms | Thesaurus.com [PAR] [PAR] Word Origin & History [PAR] throw away 1382, \"to reject, cast from oneself,\" from throw (v.) + away. More literal meaning of \"dispose of as useless, release from one's possession as unneeded\" is first recorded 1530. Throw-away (adj.) is first recorded 1924, originally of prices so low they amounted to giving away the merchandise; with ref. to disposable goods, it is attested from 1969. [PAR] Example Sentences for throw away [PAR] Heimbert then ordered him to throw away the sabre he still held in his right hand. [PAR] The husband could reject or throw away his property if he saw fit. [PAR] She did not know what to say next, fearing to say the wrong thing, and so to throw away a golden opportunity. [PAR] He was hardened to distress, and had no sympathy to throw away. [PAR] If there was anything else in the world to throw away fortunes on, they had never heard about it. [PAR] Then the chief commanded them to throw away all except the head. [PAR] Is it ever right to throw away the substance for the shadow? [PAR] They could not afford to throw away the opportunities of Providence. [PAR] It was an appeal for these struggling brethren to throw away the sword and cease from bloodshed. [PAR] If he reports that he was sea-sick I throw away the balance of the bottle."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins ... - Brownielocks WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins, Meanings by Brownielocks. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The first teensy weensy swimsuit known as the \"bikini\" went on sale in 1947. But how did it get its name? The male reaction to this was often described to be like an atomic bomb. Since a year prior, 1946, the Marshall Islands were used for the atomic bomb test. 167 natives were moved to Rongerik under \"Operation Crossroads\" by William H.R. Blandy. Later more commonly referred to as \"Bikini Island Bomb Tests.\" Since this skimpy swimsuit created about the same earth shattering reactions as the bomb, it was explosively named the Bikini. After a few years, it was no longer capitalized and became bikini to represent a fashion style that showed a lot of skin, not necessarily for swimwear. I.E. A bikini-style top. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In old days, a rifle (or musket) had 3 major parts: A lock, a stock of wood and a metal barrel. Each part was totally useless without the other one. They had to all work together or well, you got nothing. But when they were all in sync, what a BLAST! Thus, when a person chose to put everything 100% into an decision, action or commitment and not just half-heartedly, he is said to be doing it \"lock, stock and barrel.\" [PAR] Alternate origin: lock stock and barrel also referred to when you bought a farm. Lock meant the house , stock was all the animals and barrel was the rain barrel meaning all the trivial junk, so that it was absolutely everything at the time of sale that was on the land that was sold If the previous owner left something valuable behind it was yours (too bad for them) as it had all been sold lock stock and barrel. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Many years ago a heavy cloth was created in Janua (modernly known as Genoa today) and shortened to the term \"jean.\" In 1495, King Henry VIII of England bought 262 bolts it because it didn't wear out quickly and was very prized. It remained its natural shade for years and years until one day a batch was dyed blue and turned over to tailors. For many years, the pants made from this fabric was for men only. Only until women wearing pants became socially acceptable (around WWII?) and later in the 50's and 60's have jeans become a fashion garment for women as well as men. They are no longer worn for their durability, since today mean blue jeans are promoted for being softer and even include spandex for stretch blue jeans. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In ancient Greece, voting for membership into some of their organizations was done via beans. White beans were dropped into a container who favored the candidate and brown or black beans if you didn't. Apparently the jar was not clear and (I assume) when you went to vote you kept your hands folded so no one knew if you dropped a white or black bean? Only the officials knew the actual vote results of black vs. white beans. However....on a few occasions a clumsy voter would knock over the jar and revealed all the beans! This is how the phrase got to refer to someone who reveals the truth or hidden secrets. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Back in the old days, calendars were only made (or seen) by monks and made by hand in monasteries or convents. Scribes often emphasized days of Saints or other important events by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins ... - Brownielocks WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins, Meanings by Brownielocks. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The first teensy weensy swimsuit known as the \"bikini\" went on sale in 1947. But how did it get its name? The male reaction to this was often described to be like an atomic bomb. Since a year prior, 1946, the Marshall Islands were used for the atomic bomb test. 167 natives were moved to Rongerik under \"Operation Crossroads\" by William H.R. Blandy. Later more commonly referred to as \"Bikini Island Bomb Tests.\" Since this skimpy swimsuit created about the same earth shattering reactions as the bomb, it was explosively named the Bikini. After a few years, it was no longer capitalized and became bikini to represent a fashion style that showed a lot of skin, not necessarily for swimwear. I.E. A bikini-style top. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In old days, a rifle (or musket) had 3 major parts: A lock, a stock of wood and a metal barrel. Each part was totally useless without the other one. They had to all work together or well, you got nothing. But when they were all in sync, what a BLAST! Thus, when a person chose to put everything 100% into an decision, action or commitment and not just half-heartedly, he is said to be doing it \"lock, stock and barrel.\" [PAR] Alternate origin: lock stock and barrel also referred to when you bought a farm. Lock meant the house , stock was all the animals and barrel was the rain barrel meaning all the trivial junk, so that it was absolutely everything at the time of sale that was on the land that was sold If the previous owner left something valuable behind it was yours (too bad for them) as it had all been sold lock stock and barrel. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Many years ago a heavy cloth was created in Janua (modernly known as Genoa today) and shortened to the term \"jean.\" In 1495, King Henry VIII of England bought 262 bolts it because it didn't wear out quickly and was very prized. It remained its natural shade for years and years until one day a batch was dyed blue and turned over to tailors. For many years, the pants made from this fabric was for men only. Only until women wearing pants became socially acceptable (around WWII?) and later in the 50's and 60's have jeans become a fashion garment for women as well as men. They are no longer worn for their durability, since today mean blue jeans are promoted for being softer and even include spandex for stretch blue jeans. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In ancient Greece, voting for membership into some of their organizations was done via beans. White beans were dropped into a container who favored the candidate and brown or black beans if you didn't. Apparently the jar was not clear and (I assume) when you went to vote you kept your hands folded so no one knew if you dropped a white or black bean? Only the officials knew the actual vote results of black vs. white beans. However....on a few occasions a clumsy voter would knock over the jar and revealed all the beans! This is how the phrase got to refer to someone who reveals the truth or hidden secrets. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Back in the old days, calendars were only made (or seen) by monks and made by hand in monasteries or convents. Scribes often emphasized days of Saints or other important events by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] VOA Special English Word Book - Many Things VOA Special English Word Book [PAR] VOA Special English Word Book [PAR] 1,510 Words [PAR] This page will print cleanly in black and white on about 44 pages. [PAR] The Parts of Speech [PAR] n. (noun) - a name word [PAR] v. (verb) - an action word [PAR] ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word [PAR] prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation [PAR] pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun [PAR] conj. (conjunction) - a joining word [PAR] A [PAR] a (an) - ad. one; any; each [PAR] able - v. having the power to do something [PAR] about - ad. almost (\"about half\"); of or having a relation to (\"We talk about the weather.\") [PAR] above - ad. at a higher place [PAR] abuse - n. bad treatment causing harm or injury [PAR] accept - v. to agree to receive [PAR] accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event [PAR] accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone [PAR] across - ad. from side to side; to the other side [PAR] act - v. to do something [PAR] activist - n. one who seeks change through action [PAR] actor - n. someone acting in a play or show [PAR] add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more [PAR] administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister [PAR] admit - v. to accept (\"admitted to the United Nations\"); to express one's guilt or responsibility (\"He admitted that what he did was wrong.\") [PAR] adult - n. a grown person [PAR] advertise - v. to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales [PAR] advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision [PAR] affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence (\"A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.\") [PAR] afraid - ad. feeling fear [PAR] again - ad. another time; as before [PAR] against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something [PAR] age - n. how old a person or thing is [PAR] agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group (\"an agency of the United Nations\") [PAR] aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders [PAR] ago - ad. of time past; before now [PAR] agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something [PAR] agriculture - n. farming [PAR] aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance [PAR] aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose [PAR] air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe [PAR] air force - n. a military organization using airplanes [PAR] airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies [PAR] airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land [PAR] album - n. a collection of recorded music [PAR] alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products [PAR] alive - ad. having life; not dead [PAR] all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount [PAR] ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose [PAR] almost - ad. a little less than completely [PAR] alone - ad."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What are the most beautiful words in English? | Dictionary ... What are the most beautiful words in English? | Dictionary.com Blog [PAR] Reply [PAR] MIM - August 16, 2016 - 7:01 pm [PAR] I could not believe it when I read that \u201ccellar door.\u201d is often held up as an example of the most euphonic sound combination. [PAR] When I hear /speak those words, all I can think of is the opening to a cold, dark place. [PAR] Reply [PAR] Natalie - May 2, 2016 - 9:10 pm [PAR] There\u2019s something so beautiful about the spoken word, and how those sounds are able to paint pictures in one\u2019s mind. Ever since I was little, I always loved having my mother read to me. There wasn\u2019t anything too special about my mother\u2019s voice, other than the facts that it was familiar and comforting to me. But, I loved hearing the soft \u201cth\u201d sounds in words like wither, and feather. I also loved the hard consonant sounds, like \u201ck\u201d, in the word cook. I don\u2019t know why, but I love hearing that word, especially when being read aloud from a book. [PAR] Reply [PAR] Hoober - October 30, 2015 - 7:59 am [PAR] Since being very young I\u2019ve loved the word calligraphy, pronounced as cOlligraphy though, I purely like it because of how my tongue feels in my mouth as I say it. Also I notice many entries here have some sort of La sound in them. [PAR] Reply [PAR] eliza - October 15, 2015 - 1:46 am [PAR] the most eye catching and breath taking word for me is\u201d imagination\u201d it feeds your creativity and passion for adventures and romance, it is the thing that is still the young child that we all have inside us and gives us will for inspiration . [PAR] Rebecca - September 17, 2015 - 3:33 pm [PAR] I like anesthetize. Also partial to i griega, the Spanish word for the letter Y. [PAR] Blarg - September 17, 2015 - 8:31 am [PAR] Concatenation is my pick. Goddamn is also a pleasing and infinitely more useful word. [PAR] Reply [PAR] Edward Terry - September 15, 2015 - 2:31 pm [PAR] My favorite word is porte cochere. I know it\u2019s French but so many words in the English are derived from other languages that I think this qualifies.. [PAR] Reply [PAR] Jovian - September 11, 2015 - 6:25 am [PAR] Syphilis was a contender in my American Lit class. At first we were all apalled, but when you think on it, it\u2019s extremely pleasing\u2026to the ear. [PAR] Sam - September 11, 2015 - 5:05 am [PAR] \u201cFruition\u201d is fun to say. [PAR] Me - June 25, 2015 - 2:06 pm [PAR] I like the word intricate [PAR] Reply [PAR] Brenda - September 7, 2015 - 7:27 pm [PAR] Even as a child I knew that I loved the sound of two words \u2013 hyena and Ethiopia. I was not aware that liking the soud of certain words was associated with something called phonoaesthetics. I was also not aware until I was an adult that viewing letters and numbers as coloured was not so weird but had a name \u2013 syneasthesia. [PAR] Tianna - May 8, 2015 - 6:28 pm [PAR] My favorite word is passionate. It sounds lovely and gives me a warm feeling inside. [PAR] Reply [PAR] Sydney - April 19, 2015 - 4:46 pm [PAR] I love amethyst\u2026 it\u2019s so beautiful and unique that it even has become my favorite color!!!! amethyst also flows off the tongue as well. Amethyst, and iridescence\u2026"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins ... - Brownielocks WORDS, PHRASES or SAYINGS - Origins, Meanings by Brownielocks. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The first teensy weensy swimsuit known as the \"bikini\" went on sale in 1947. But how did it get its name? The male reaction to this was often described to be like an atomic bomb. Since a year prior, 1946, the Marshall Islands were used for the atomic bomb test. 167 natives were moved to Rongerik under \"Operation Crossroads\" by William H.R. Blandy. Later more commonly referred to as \"Bikini Island Bomb Tests.\" Since this skimpy swimsuit created about the same earth shattering reactions as the bomb, it was explosively named the Bikini. After a few years, it was no longer capitalized and became bikini to represent a fashion style that showed a lot of skin, not necessarily for swimwear. I.E. A bikini-style top. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In old days, a rifle (or musket) had 3 major parts: A lock, a stock of wood and a metal barrel. Each part was totally useless without the other one. They had to all work together or well, you got nothing. But when they were all in sync, what a BLAST! Thus, when a person chose to put everything 100% into an decision, action or commitment and not just half-heartedly, he is said to be doing it \"lock, stock and barrel.\" [PAR] Alternate origin: lock stock and barrel also referred to when you bought a farm. Lock meant the house , stock was all the animals and barrel was the rain barrel meaning all the trivial junk, so that it was absolutely everything at the time of sale that was on the land that was sold If the previous owner left something valuable behind it was yours (too bad for them) as it had all been sold lock stock and barrel. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Many years ago a heavy cloth was created in Janua (modernly known as Genoa today) and shortened to the term \"jean.\" In 1495, King Henry VIII of England bought 262 bolts it because it didn't wear out quickly and was very prized. It remained its natural shade for years and years until one day a batch was dyed blue and turned over to tailors. For many years, the pants made from this fabric was for men only. Only until women wearing pants became socially acceptable (around WWII?) and later in the 50's and 60's have jeans become a fashion garment for women as well as men. They are no longer worn for their durability, since today mean blue jeans are promoted for being softer and even include spandex for stretch blue jeans. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] In ancient Greece, voting for membership into some of their organizations was done via beans. White beans were dropped into a container who favored the candidate and brown or black beans if you didn't. Apparently the jar was not clear and (I assume) when you went to vote you kept your hands folded so no one knew if you dropped a white or black bean? Only the officials knew the actual vote results of black vs. white beans. However....on a few occasions a clumsy voter would knock over the jar and revealed all the beans! This is how the phrase got to refer to someone who reveals the truth or hidden secrets. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Back in the old days, calendars were only made (or seen) by monks and made by hand in monasteries or convents. Scribes often emphasized days of Saints or other important events by"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The | Define The at Dictionary.com The | Define The at Dictionary.com [PAR] definite article [PAR] 1. [PAR] (used, especially before a noun, with a specifying or particularizing effect, as opposed to the indefinite or generalizing force of the indefinite article a or an): [PAR] the book you gave me; Come into the house. [PAR] 2. [PAR] (used to mark a proper noun, natural phenomenon, ship, building, time, point of the compass, branch of endeavor, or field of study as something well-known or unique): [PAR] the sun; the Alps; the Queen Elizabeth; the past; the West. [PAR] 3. [PAR] (used with or as part of a title): [PAR] the Duke of Wellington; the Reverend John Smith. [PAR] 4. [PAR] (used to mark a noun as indicating the best-known, most approved, most important, most satisfying, etc.): [PAR] the skiing center of the U.S.; If you're going to work hard, now is the time. [PAR] 5. [PAR] (used to mark a noun as being used generically): [PAR] The dog is a quadruped. [PAR] 6. [PAR] (used in place of a possessive pronoun, to note a part of the body or a personal belonging): [PAR] He won't be able to play football until the leg mends. [PAR] 7. [PAR] (used before adjectives that are used substantively, to note an individual, a class or number of individuals, or an abstract idea): [PAR] to visit the sick; from the sublime to the ridiculous. [PAR] 8. [PAR] (used before a modifying adjective to specify or limit its modifying effect): [PAR] He took the wrong road and drove miles out of his way. [PAR] 9. [PAR] (used to indicate one particular decade of a lifetime or of a century): [PAR] the sixties; the Gay Nineties. [PAR] 10. [PAR] (one of many of a class or type, as of a manufactured item, as opposed to an individual one): [PAR] Did you listen to the radio last night? [PAR] 11. [PAR] enough: [PAR] He saved until he had the money for a new car. She didn't have the courage to leave. [PAR] 12. [PAR] (used distributively, to note any one separately) for, to, or in each; a or an: [PAR] at one dollar the pound. [PAR] Origin of the1 [PAR] adverb [PAR] 1. [PAR] (used to modify an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree and to signify \u201cin or by that,\u201d \u201con that account,\u201d \u201cin or by so much,\u201d or \u201cin some or any degree\u201d): [PAR] He's been on vacation and looks the better for it. [PAR] 2. [PAR] (used in correlative constructions to modify an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree, in one instance with relative force and in the other with demonstrative force, and signifying \u201cby how much \u2026 by so much\u201d or \u201cin what degree \u2026 in that degree\u201d): [PAR] the more the merrier; The bigger they are, the harder they fall. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Expand[DOC] [TLE] Words And Phrases That Inspire, Motivate, And Persuade At ... Words And Phrases That Inspire, Motivate, And Persuade At Work [PAR] Words And Phrases That Inspire, Motivate, And Persuade At Work [PAR] {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} [PAR] Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. [PAR] Full Bio [PAR] The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. [PAR] Loading ... [PAR] This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe [PAR] \"Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind.\" [PAR] \u2015Rudyard Kipling [PAR] Words are powerful. They have the ability to inspire, motivate, and persuade; or discourage, dismiss, and dissuade. \u201cWith your words, you wield the power to"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Chemical Elements.com - Selenium (Se) Chemical Elements.com - Selenium (Se) [PAR] Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Selenium. [PAR] <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/se.html>. [PAR] For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . [PAR] This page was created by Yinon Bentor. [PAR] Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . [PAR] Copyright \u00a9 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Antarctic Circle : Antarctic Firsts Antarctic Firsts [PAR] ANTARCTIC FIRSTS [PAR] An eclectic collection of Antarctic 'firsts' arranged by date. Some conflicting information needs to be resolved and some dates and details may be open to question. [PAR] Launched: 15 June 2003. Last updated: 4 October 2014 [PAR] First time the word 'penguin' is used to describe the southern bird. (1586-1588). Occurred on the third circumnavigation of the world by Thomas Cavendish in the Desire. [PAR] First drawing of an Antarctic tabular iceberg. (February 1700). Appeared in the logbook of Edmond Halley's ship Paramore. [PAR] First to cross the Antarctic Circle. (January 17, 1773). Captain James Cook on his second voyage in the Resolution and Discovery. Crossed a total of three times during that voyage. In doing so, Cook was the first to circumnavigate Antarctica. [PAR] Possibly the first to die in Antarctica, the Spanish officers, soldiers and seamen on board the San Telmo which sank in September 1819. There is a cairn commemorating this at Half Moon Beach, Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. [PAR] First to sight Antarctic continent. (January 27, 1820). Captain Thaddeus Bellingshausen in the Vostok and Mirnyy. Reached 69\u00b0 21'S, 2\u00b0 14'W saw an \"icefield covered with small hillocks.\" [PAR] First to chart any of the Antarctic continent (Trinity Land). (January 30, 1820). Edward Bransfield and William Smith in the Williams. [PAR] First known landing on Antarctic continent. (February 7, 1821). Capt. John Davis in the Cecilia lands at Hughes Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. [PAR] First recorded Antarctic winter spent on land. (1821). Eleven men of the Lord Melville, a sealer, on King George Island, South Shetlands. [PAR] First scientist to work in Antarctica. William H.B. Webster sailed aboard the Chanticleer to South Shetlands to make pendulum and magnetic observations. Entered Deception Island on January 9, 1829. [PAR] First fossils found in Antarctica. (1830). Found by James Eights, Palmer-Pendleton expedition, South Shetlands. [PAR] First sighting of the Antarctic continent in the Indian Ocean sector (Enderby Land). (February 24, 1831). John Biscoe, in the Tula and Lively. [PAR] First to confirm that a great mass of land did exist in the Antarctic. (1830-1831). John Biscoe, in the Tula and Lively. [PAR] First landing south of the Antarctic Circle. (February 9, 1839). Captain John Balleny in the Eliza Scott and the Sabrina. Discovered and landed on the Balleny Islands. [PAR] First US expedition to include Antarctica. (1838-1842). United States Exploring Expedition under Lt. Charles Wilkes. [PAR] First dog known to have been in the Antarctic. (1839). 'Sydney,' a dog picked up in Australia by Lt. Charles Wilkes of the United States Exploring Expedition. [PAR] First ever to enter the Ross Sea. (January 9, 1841). Sir James Clark Ross in the ships Erebus and Terror. [PAR] First ever fancy dress ball in Antarctica. (December 31, 1841). New Years Eve during Sir James Clark Ross's expedition. [PAR] First fish caught below the Antarctic Circle. (February 1842). Landed on the Terror during Ross's expedition. The ship's cat found it and made a meal of it. [PAR] First landing on Greater Antarctica (Victoria Land). (January 26, 1853). Mercator Cooper in the Levant out of Sag Harbor, New York. [PAR] First expedition to the Antarctic whose aims were solely scientific. (1872-1876). Challenger expedition, under Captain Sir George Nares and Wyville Thomson, sponsored by the Royal Society. [PAR] First steamship to cross the Antarctic Circle. (February 16, 1874). Challenger expedition, under Captain Sir George Nares and Wyville Thomson, sponsored by the Royal Society. [PAR] First photographs taken of Antarctic icebergs. (1874). Challenger expedition, under Captain Sir George Nares and Wyville Thomson,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The best not to have won the Champions League - UEFA ... The best not to have won the Champions League - UEFA Champions League - News - UEFA.com [PAR] The best not to have won the Champions League [PAR] Tuesday 19 May 2015 by Majid Mohamed [PAR] Gianluigi Buffon has won so much during his long career but the UEFA Champions League has always eluded him. As UEFA.com discovers, he is in stellar company. [PAR] \u00a9Getty Images [PAR] Gianluigi Buffon has won the FIFA World Cup with Italy, the UEFA Cup with Parma FC and several Serie A titles with Juventus, but the UEFA Champions League has proved elusive \u2013 so far. A survivor of the Juve side that lost the 2003 final to AC Milan, Buffon can right that wrong against FC Barcelona on 6 June. Yet, as UEFA.com discovered, some never manage it (in order of competition appearances). [PAR] Who do you think is the biggest player never to win? Let us know using #UCLfinal. [PAR] 1. Zlatan Ibrahimovi\u0107 (AFC Ajax, Juventus, FC Internazionale Milano, FC Barcelona, AC Milan, Paris Saint-Germain) [PAR] The Swedish international remains without the most coveted club trophy of all \u2013 a European crown which, in his own words, \"would mean a lot.\" In the competition's 23-season history, no man has made more appearances than the forward's 109 without going all the way. Jos\u00e9 Mourinho's Inter, the club he left to join Josep Guardiola at Barcelona, denied Ibrahimovi\u0107 in the 2009/10 semi-finals . A domestic championship winner with six different teams, the 33-year-old still harbours ambitions of ending his European quest with Paris. [PAR] THAT Zidane volley [PAR] 2. Michael Ballack (1. FC Kaiserslautern, Bayer 04 Leverkusen, FC Bayern M\u00fcnchen, Chelsea FC) [PAR] \"It's hard to remember details of what happened when you lose such a big game; you just remember how much it hurt,\" said the ex-Germany captain, who lost two finals in the most unfortunate of circumstances. He was a key member of the Leverkusen side defeated by Real Madrid CF and THAT Zin\u00e9dine Zidane goal in the 2002 final. Six years later his Chelsea team fell to Manchester United FC in the Moscow showpiece , hinging on John Terry's slip \u2013 Ballack had scored the Blues' first goal in the shoot-out. [PAR] 3. Patrick Vieira (Arsenal FC, Juventus, FC Internazional Milano) [PAR] A key figure in transforming Arsenal's fortunes under Ars\u00e8ne Wenger, the 1998 World Cup and UEFA EURO 2000 winner never advanced further than the quarter-finals \u2013 with the Gunners \u2013 in 2000/01 and 2003/04. The former French international claimed six league titles in England and Italy, but was unable to replicate domestic success on the continent \u2013 missing a penalty for Arsenal in a UEFA Cup final shoot-out reverse to Galatasaray A\u015e in 2000 . [PAR] 2003: Agony and ecstasy for Nedv\u011bd [PAR] 4. Pavel Nedv\u011bd (AC Sparta Praha, SS Lazio, Juventus) [PAR] Having missed Juve's final loss to Milan at Old Trafford through suspension, the 2003 Ballon d'Or winner expressed his hope of landing the elusive medal in his final campaign, saying: \"I would love to finish my career with victory in the Champions League.\" Juventus's 2008/09 challenge was ended by Chelsea in the round of 16, however. Before a \u20ac41m switch from Lazio, Nedv\u011bd had lifted the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup with the Biancocelesti in 1999. [PAR] 5. Ruud van Nistelrooy (PSV Eindhoven, Manchester United FC, Real Madrid CF) [PAR] Leading scorer in three campaigns, the prolific Dutchman holds an unwanted record \u2013 no one has hit as many goals in the UEFA Champions"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Undersea Creature Facts for Kids Undersea Creature Facts for Kids [PAR] Home \u00c2\u00bb Animals \u00c2\u00bb Under The Sea Animals \u00c2\u00bb Plants or Animals? Strange Undersea Creatures [PAR] Sponsored Links : [PAR] Plants or Animals? Strange Undersea Creatures [PAR] Some animals that live in the ocean defy description. It\u00e2\u0080\u0099s hard to tell if they\u00e2\u0080\u0099re a plant , an animal or something else altogether. These animals include sponges , sea urchins, coral, star fish, jellyfish and sea anemones. [PAR] They don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t look like most animals, but they don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t look exactly like plants either. The jellyfish, for example, looks like a blob of jelly with long trailing tentacles. Coral are attached to the ocean floor. They\u00e2\u0080\u0099re hard and knobby. They almost look like rocks, but they\u00e2\u0080\u0099re not. [PAR] Sponsored Links : [PAR] Plant or Animal \u2013 Strange undersea creatures like Sponges, are animals that live on the ocean floor in colonies [PAR] Fun Facts about Strange Undersea Creatures for Kids [PAR] Coral polyps are tiny animals related to sea anemones. They have a hard limestone skeleton that they attach to a rock or the ocean floor. This is the beginning of a coral reef. Once attached, the polyp starts making clones of itself and the coral grows. It joins other polyps to make huge reefs. Algae grows on the coral, which colors it. Coral reefs provide shelter for thousands of marine animals. Pollution threatens coral reefs. [PAR] Sea anemones have a foot that attaches to a rock or the ocean floor. They have stinging tentacles. When a fish touches one of the tentacles, barbs shoot into the fish. The barbs are venomous and paralyze the fish. The tentacles guide the fish to the animal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s mouth. Lunch is served. [PAR] Jellyfish have lived on earth for millions of years. They were here before the dinosaurs. Jellyfish have a soft body that floats through the water. Food goes in a hole in their bodies. Poisonous tentacles paralyze prey. Some jellyfish are dangerous to humans . The Portuguese Man-of-War is said to be as venomous as a cobra. Even dead jellyfish sting. [PAR] Sponges are animals that live on the ocean floor in colonies. Their bodies have lots of holes and canals. Their skeletons are used as sponges for cleaning. Tarpon Springs, a little town in Florida, was built by Greek sponge fishermen. They still hunt for sponges today. [PAR] Another strange underwater creature is the Jellyfish \u2013 it has a soft body that floats through the water. Food goes in a hole in their bodies. [PAR] Strange Under Sea Creatures\u00c2 Vocabulary [PAR] Defy: challenge, resist[DOC] [TLE] Water mythology - Water Treatment and Purification Water mythology [PAR] Water mythology [PAR] Created by S.M. Enzler MSc [PAR] An assemblage of myths and legends on water and water creatures [PAR] Creatures People Locations Gods Literature [PAR] Old stories can be divided into history, myths and legends. History describes events we know actually happened, whereas myths and legends, though often repeated by generation after generation, were never actually proven beyond a shadow of a doubt. The difference between legends and myths is that legends, or saga, tell the stories of heroes and their heroic actions, whereas myths tell the stories of creatures, divine beings and gods and how they came to be. In this sense, myths are more like fairytales told to young children. [PAR] Water plays an important role in many legends and myths. There are mythological water beings and gods, stories of heroes that have something to do with water, and even stories of isles and continents lost below the surface. This page contains a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Volume of a Swimming Pool - Hypertextbook Volume of a Swimming Pool - The Physics Factbook [PAR] Volume of a Swimming Pool [PAR] Standardized [PAR] Result [PAR] AM-02: School Swimming Pools Guidelines for Operators . The State of Queensland (Department of Education and the Arts). 2002. [PAR] \"Example 1: Pool Dimensions: Length 25 metres Width 10 metres Depth 1 metres to 2 metres (average 1.5 metres) Volume = 25 \u00d7 10 x 1.5 = 375 cubic metres One cubic metre is equal to 1000 litres therefore the volume of the example above is 375 000 litres.\" [PAR] 375,000 liters [PAR] Recreonics Inc. Calculating Swimming Pool Water Volume . 2005. [PAR] \"Example: The water volume of a pool 60 ft. long, 30 ft. wide and that slopes in depth from 3 ft. to 10 ft. is as follows: 30 x 60 x ((10 + 3)/2) = 11,700 cubic ft. of water 11,700 x 7.5 = 87,750 gallons.\" [PAR] 332,170 liters [PAR] Decatur/Morgan County Convention & Visitors Bureau. Point Mallard Park Fact Sheet . 2005. [PAR] \"Wave Pool Capacity: 300 persons. [PAR] Wave Pool Volume: 450,000 gallons \u2026. [PAR] Olympic Pool Capacity: 250 persons. [PAR] Olympic Pool Volume: 648,000 gallons \u2026. [PAR] Duck Pond Volume: 26,000 gallons.\" [PAR] 1,703,435 liters [PAR] Cooke Associates. Sportscience and Engineering in Education . 2005. [PAR] \"Mathematics: Pool volume. One Olympic pool design is 25 metres wide and 50 metres long. The pool is 3 metres deep at the starting end of the pool and slopes down (linearly) to 2 metres deep at the far end of the pool. How many litres of water are needed to fill this pool?.\" [PAR] 3,125,001 liters [PAR] \"An Olympic Pool must be 25 m wide with a depth of 2.0 m (min) at all parts of the course and must be 50 m in length.\" [PAR] 2,500,000 liters [PAR] Ever wonder how much water it takes to fill up an entire swimming pool? I know I did. That's why I did some research to come up with that information and now I am sharing that information with you. [PAR] The volume of a swimming pool is quite simple to determine. Every pool has certain measurable factors; however, these factors differ depending on the shape of the pool. The most common and most basic is the rectangular swimming pool. To determine the volume of rectangular pools, multiply the length of the pool by its width and by its average depth. For a circular pool, multiply the squared radius of the pool by \u03c0 (pi) and by its average depth. For an elliptical pool, multiply \u03c0/4 by the major diameter, minor diameter, and average depth. For irregular shapes, calculating the volume is less accurate. You will need to determine of volume of a normal shape within the given area and then approximate the volume of the remaining parts of the pool. Volume of a swimming pool is given in units of cubic meters, liters, or gallons. [PAR] Jeffrey Gilbert -- 2005"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Live Aid In Photos: July 13 1985 Live Aid In Photos: July 13 1985 | [PAR] Crowd cheers during Live Aid famine relief concert at Wembley Stadium in London. PA-2491932 [PAR] LIVE AID ORGANISER BOB GELDOF PERFORMS ON STAGE. [PAR] ALISON MOYET AND PAUL YOUNG ON STAGE DURING THE LIVE AID CHARITY CONCERT. [PAR] Rock star Bono, the 25-year-old lead singer with the Irish group U2, performing at the Live Aid concert in July this year. PA-1597212 [PAR] Singer Bryan Ferry performing during the 1985 Live Aid concert at Wembley Stadium, London. [PAR] The huge crowd at Wembley Stadium, London for the Live Aid concert. [PAR] 72, 000 pop and rock fans pack out Wembley Stadium in London for the Live Aid Concert. [PAR] PA-1252492 [PAR] George Michael of Wham performing at Live Aid. [PAR] PA-2236763 [PAR] The crowd get hosed down with water. [PAR] PA-2312073 [PAR] PA-2312185 [PAR] PA-2312079 [PAR] The Prince and Princess of Wales in the Royal Box after opening the Live Aid concert. [PAR] PA-2312215 [PAR] Thousands of fans begin arriving for what has been described as the biggest event in the history of rock music. PA-2312187 [PAR] Singer Sade performs on stage. PA-2312224 [PAR] Elvis Costello performing on stage. Elvis Costello performing on stage. [PAR] Left to right: Bono of U2, Paul McCartney, and Freddy Mercury of Queen, during the finale. PA-2328106 [PAR] Pop fan Gail Goulding reflects on the excitement of the Live Aid concert. [PAR] PA-2320478 [PAR] Bikinis, cameras, sunny smiles and a friendly wave from two female audience members. [PAR] PA-2320403 [PAR] Adam Ant performing. PA-2312668 [PAR] Roger Daltrey (l) and Pete Townshend reunited on stage as The Who at the Live Aid concert. [PAR] The Who perform at the Live Aid concert, Wembley Stadium, London. [PAR] PA-18436052 [PAR] David Bowie performs on stage. The backing singer on the left is Tessa Niles. [PAR] David Bowie performs on stage. The backing singer on the left is Tessa Niles. [PAR] Elton John at the piano during the Live Aid Concert. PA-12157549 [PAR] British pop singers Phil Collins, left, and Sting are shown on stage during the Live Aid concert held at London\u2019s Wembley Stadium, England, July 13, 1985. Collins will fly on the Concorde to perform at the Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, USA. The rock and roll telethon concert, to raise awareness for famine victims in Ethiopia, was broadcast around the world and raised $100 million dollars. (AP Photo/Joe Schaber) [PAR] PA-2964368 [PAR] From left, David Crosby, Graham Nash and Stephen Stills, performing collectively as Crosby, Stills and Nash, acknowledge the crowd during the Live Aid concert for famine relief at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia, Pa. July 13, 1985.(AP Photo/Amy Sancetta) PA-2850715 [PAR] Ozzy Osbourne, left, and Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath perform during the Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, Pa., July 13, 1985. (AP Photo/Rusty Kennedy) [PAR] PA-2834172 [PAR] American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan,left, is joined onstage by Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards during Live Aid famine relief concert at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia.PA-2520859 [PAR] A huge crowd attends the Live Aid famine relief concert for Africa at Wembley Stadium. PA-2491908 [PAR] British singer David Bowie performs at Live Aid famine relief concert at Wembley Stadium. [PAR] PA-2491899 [PAR] Robert Plant, right, Paul Martinez, left during Live Aid concert on July 13, 1985. Location unknown. (AP Photo/Amy Sancetta)PA-11599268 [PAR] The Sting, right, joins the Dire Straits group during the Live Aid famine relief concert at London\u0092s Wembley Stadium on Saturday, July 13, 1985. At left is Dire Straits lead singer Mark K. Knopflen. (AP Photo) PA-11599262 [PAR] Crowd at Live"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Packers face Chiefs in first Super Bowl - Jan 15, 1967 ... Packers face Chiefs in first Super Bowl - Jan 15, 1967 - HISTORY.com [PAR] This Day In History: 01/15/1967 - First Super Bowl [PAR] The first Super Bowl was held with Vince Lombardi on the sidelines, the Pentagon opened, Sara Jane Moore shot Gerald Ford in a presidential assassination attempt in This Day in History video. The date was January 15. Thomas Nash used the donkey to represent the Democratic party for the first time on this date. [PAR] Lead Story [PAR] Packers face Chiefs in first Super Bowl [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Packers face Chiefs in first Super Bowl [PAR] Author [PAR] Packers face Chiefs in first Super Bowl [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1967, at the Los Angeles Coliseum, the Green Bay Packers beat the Kansas City Chiefs in the first-ever world championship game of American football. [PAR] In the mid-1960s, the intense competition for players and fans between the National Football League (NFL) and the upstart American Football League (AFL) led to talks of a possible merger. It was decided that the winners of each league\u2019s championship would meet each year in a single game to determine the \u201cworld champion of football.\u201d [PAR] In that historic first game\u2013played before a non-sell-out crowd of 61,946 people\u2013Green Bay scored three touchdowns in the second half to defeat Kansas City 35-10. Led by MVP quarterback Bart Starr, the Packers benefited from Max McGee\u2019s stellar receiving and a key interception by safety Willie Wood. For their win, each member of the Packers collected $15,000: the largest single-game share in the history of team sports. [PAR] Postseason college games were known as \u201cbowl\u201d games, and AFL founder Lamar Hunt suggested that the new pro championship be called the \u201cSuper Bowl.\u201d The term was officially introduced in 1969, along with roman numerals to designate the individual games. In 1970, the NFL and AFL merged into one league with two conferences, each with 13 teams. Since then, the Super Bowl has been a face-off between the winners of the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC) for the NFL championship and the coveted Vince Lombardi Trophy, named for the legendary Packers coach who guided his team to victory in the first two Super Bowls. [PAR] Super Bowl Sunday has become an unofficial American holiday, complete with parties, betting pools and excessive consumption of food and drink. On average, 80 to 90 million people are tuned into the game on TV at any given moment, while some 130-140 million watch at least some part of the game. The commercials shown during the game have become an attraction in themselves, with TV networks charging as much as $2.5 million for a 30-second spot and companies making more expensive, high-concept ads each year. The game itself has more than once been upstaged by its elaborate pre-game or halftime entertainment, most recently in 2004 when Janet Jackson\u2019s infamous \u201cwardrobe malfunction\u201d resulted in a $225,000 fine for the TV network airing the game, CBS, and tighter controls on televised indecency. [PAR] Related Videos"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Bullitt - The Greatest Chase of All - HotTR6 Bullitt - The Greatest Chase of All [PAR] THE GREATEST CHASE OF ALL [PAR] An inside look at how they filmed BULLITT, the granddaddy of car pursuit movies. [PAR] BY: Susan Encinas (Muscle Car Review, March, 1987) [PAR] Where were you in 1968? You might have opened up the movie section of the newspaper and read a review about the newly released movie BULLITT. One such review, by the National Observer, said, \" Whatever you have heard about the auto chase scene in BULLITT is probably true...a terrifying, deafening shocker.\" Life magazine wrote, \"... a crime flick with a taste of genius...an action sequence that must be compared to the best in film history.\" [PAR] With reviews like that, and sharing double billing with the hit BONNIE AND CLYDE, BULLITT devastated audiences with incredible scenes of leaping, screaming au [PAR] tomobiles that seemed to fly off the screen. Among all of Hollywood's road movies, BULLITT unquestionably made film history with its original car chase sequences. There may have been chase scenes before, but nothing before or since has equalled the intensity and impact of BULLITT. The scenes, which were novelty then but classic now, were brilliantly executed. Over the years, fans have asked questions about the two cars used in the movie, a 1968 Dodge Charger and a 1968 Mustang GT. Of all the musclecars offered in the late sixties, why were these two cars chosen, and how were they modified to survive the torturous driving? [PAR] It's been 19 years since BULLITT was filmed, however the magic of this special movie has not diminished. We questioned some of the crew who participated in the filming, and asked them how the chase was coordinated and shot, who was involved in the chase scenes and what happened during the filming. Steve McQueen and director Peter Yates brought in some of the best names in the business in preparation for the filming of BULLITT's chase scenes, and we were able to track some of them down. We interviewed Carey Loftin, stunt coordinator for BULLITT and occasional driver of the BULLITT Mustang; Bud Elkins, the main stunt driver of the Mustang, aside from McQueen; and Loren Janes, who had doubled for McQueen for nearly 20 years and stunted for McQueen during the airport sequence at the end of the film. We also interviewed Max Balchowsky, the man responsible for maintaining the Mustang GT and the Charger throughout the filming. Finally, we spoke with Ron Riner, who acted as transportation coordinator for Warner Brothers on the BULLITT set. [PAR] We set out to learn what the recipe is for such a successful chase sequence. What we found out was that there is none; it was pretty much a hit and miss thing and, as Ron Riner put it, \"other people have tried to put the same combination together to get the same results and haven't really done it. Before we'd shoot a scene, everyone, the location people, the police department, the stuntmen, the director and Steve, would get into discussions. We realized we didn't know what to do because no one had ever done this before.\" What hadn't been done before was a chase scene, done \"at speed\"(up to 110 miles per hour) through the city streets and not on a movie studio back lot. Bud Elkins said, \"I think it was the first time they did a complete car chase at normal camera speed. What you saw is what really happened. It was real!\" [PAR] McQueen was determined to have \"the best"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] This Day In Welsh History: December/Rhagfyr This Day In Welsh History: December/Rhagfyr [PAR] Calendar Home Americymru Blog Social Network [PAR] December/Rhagfyr [PAR] If you were born Welsh or are of Welsh descent then there is something to celebrate (or comemmorate) on every day of the year. If you are looking to learn Welsh history one day at a time or just looking for an excuse to raise a glass and celebrate on any particular day this blog is for you. You will also find the birthdates of many famous Americans of Welsh descent. Though these pages are intended as a serious resource some of our contributors have a sense of humor. Consequently there are a few 'joke' items spread amongst the vast bulk of factual daily entries. We dont think you'll have too much trouble spotting them. To navigate to any date in the calendar please use the rollover menu or the search box above. This will take you to the monthly calendar pages or to individual entries. You might also wish to check out our list of some of the most important dates in the Welsh Calendar which can be found here [PAR] 1[DOC] [TLE] www.primaryresources.co.uk \ufffd\ufffd\u0011\u0871\u001a\ufffd\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000\ufffd\ufffd 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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Dark Knight (2008) - IMDb The Dark Knight (2008) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC [PAR] NEWS [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON TV [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] ALL [PAR] When the menace known as the Joker wreaks havoc and chaos on the people of Gotham, the caped crusader must come to terms with one of the greatest psychological tests of his ability to fight injustice. [PAR] Director: [PAR] Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence [PAR] From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 17 Mar 2011 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 14 Jan 2012 [PAR] a list of 46 titles [PAR] created 07 Jun 2012 [PAR] a list of 27 titles [PAR] created 24 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 45 titles [PAR] created 31 Aug 2015 [PAR] Title: The Dark Knight (2008) [PAR] 9/10 [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] Won 2 Oscars. Another 146 wins & 142 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Videos [PAR] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X [PAR] Eight years after the Joker's reign of anarchy, the Dark Knight, with the help of the enigmatic Selina, is forced from his imposed exile to save Gotham City, now on the edge of total annihilation, from the brutal guerrilla terrorist Bane. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] After training with his mentor, Batman begins his fight to free crime-ridden Gotham City from the corruption that Scarecrow and the League of Shadows have cast upon it. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] A thief, who steals corporate secrets through use of dream-sharing technology, is given the inverse task of planting an idea into the mind of a CEO. [PAR] Director: Christopher Nolan [PAR] An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. [PAR] Director: David Fincher [PAR] Gandalf and Aragorn lead the World of Men against Sauron's army to draw his gaze from Frodo and Sam as they approach Mount Doom with the One Ring. [PAR] Director: Peter Jackson [PAR] A computer hacker learns from mysterious rebels about the true nature of his reality and his role in the war against its controllers. [PAR] Directors: Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski [PAR] Stars: Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss [PAR] The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. [PAR] Director: Quentin Tarantino [PAR] Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. [PAR] Director: Robert Zemeckis [PAR] A meek Hobbit from the Shire and eight companions set out on a journey to destroy the powerful One Ring and save Middle Earth from the Dark Lord Sauron. [PAR] Director:"
    },
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        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] SK Glossary: What is Chinaman Bowling in cricket? SK Glossary: What is Chinaman Bowling in cricket? [PAR] SK Glossary: What is Chinaman Bowling in cricket? [PAR] \"Fancy being done by a bloody Chinaman.\" [PAR] Analysis 26 Apr 2016, 16:09 IST [PAR] Brad Hogg- A modern day chinaman [PAR] Sounds like Shaolin Cricket, but is actually not; let\u2019s have a look. [PAR] So what is Chinaman bowling? [PAR] Essentially the mirror image right-arm leg break bowler (wrist spinner), a Chinaman is a delivery that, when bowled over the wrist by a left-arm spinner, spins away from a left-handed batsman or into a right-handed batsman; i.e. from left to right, as viewed on your screens. The rarity of these bowlers stems from the fact that most batsmen are right handed and that the delivery coming into the right-hander is generally perceived to be easier to play than the one going away. [PAR] Chinaman's delivery vs Leg spinner's delivery [PAR] [PAR] vs [PAR] Origin [PAR] The origins are a mystery, with two people attributed to the Chinaman. Firstly, South African all-rounder, Charlie Llewellyn, who played around the end of the 19th century, claimed to have invented the delivery itself. [PAR] But the origin of the term itself is generally believed to be associated with former West Indian spinner Ellis \u201cPuss\u201d Achong; the first test player of Chinese ancestry. History has it that in the 1933 Old Trafford Test, after bowling West Indies out for 375, English batsman Walter Robins joined his captain Douglas Jardine at the crease at a precocious 324/6. The pair added 140 runs before Achong, who was a left-arm spinner, bowled a mystery wrist-spin delivery that spun back sharply into English batsman Walter Robins and had him stumped. On his way back to the pavilion, a bemused Robins is said to have remarked, [PAR] Fancy being done by a bloody Chinaman. [PAR] Learie Constantine, who was fighting against racism at the time, was taken aback by the comment and asked Robins, \u201cDo you mean the bowler or the ball?\u201d We all know what he meant. And thus, the term Chinaman was coined. [PAR] Variation [PAR] Just like a traditional right arm leg spinner, the Chinaman bowler has a googly where the ball pitches and spins into a left-handed batsman or away from a right-handed batsman. [PAR] How to bowl it? [PAR] Do you fancy being a left arm spinner and want to bowl the Chinaman? Here\u2019s how you can: [PAR] First, place the top-most joints of the index, middle and third fingers across the seam and rest the ball between a bent pinky and the thumb. [PAR] During release, the fingers must straighten and the work on the ball will be done by the third finger, turning the ball clockwise (counter-clockwise if seen front on) [PAR] The wrist must be flicked so as to finish having the palm facing downwards. [PAR] An amphibian Chinaman? [PAR] In 1995, South African Chinaman bowler Paul Adams made his test debut and made headlines; not for his bowling exploits but for his unusual action. So strange was his action that it was likened to a \u201cfrog-in-a-blender\u201d by English batsman Mike Gatting after he bamboozled English batsmen in a tour match. [PAR] Chinaman Bowling Experts [PAR] Rare as they are, some of the famous practitioners of the Chinaman are Sir Garfield Sobers (West Indies), Paul Adams (South Africa), Michael Bevan and Brad Hogg (both Australia) [PAR] Kuldeep Yadav, who made his IPL debut for the Kolkata Knight Riders against the Mumbai Indians in IPL 2016, is the first Chinaman bowler to be picked"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts - Telegraph London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts - Telegraph [PAR] Telegraph [PAR] 150 London Underground facts (including the birth of Jerry Springer in East Finchley station) [PAR] It's closed today, but it's still interesting Credit: John Stillwell [PAR] Jolyon Attwooll , Travel writer [PAR] 9 January 2017 \u2022 11:00am [PAR] You can't ride it today, thanks to industrial action. But you can learn a few things about the Tube instead. [PAR] 1. There is only one Tube station which does not have any letters of the word 'mackerel' in it: St John's Wood. [PAR] 2. The average speed on the Underground is 20.5 miles per hour including station stops. [PAR] 3. The busiest Tube station is Waterloo, which was used by around 95 million passengers in 2015. In 2014 Oxford Circus took top spot, in 2009 it was Victoria, and in 2005 it was King's Cross, [PAR] 4. On the Metropolitan line, trains can reach over 60mph. [PAR] The Night Tube service started on August 19, 2016 Credit: AFP or licensors/DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS [PAR] 5. The shortest distance between two adjacent stations on the underground network is only 260 metres. The tube journey between Leicester Square and Covent Garden on the Piccadilly Line takes only about 20 seconds, but costs \u00a34.90 (cash fare). Yet it still remains one of the most popular journeys with tourists. [PAR] 6. Many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters during the Second World War, but the Central Line was even converted into a fighter aircraft factory that stretched for over two miles, with its own railway system. Its existence remained an official secret until the 1980s. [PAR] 7. Angel has the Underground's longest escalator at 60m/197ft, with a vertical rise of 27.5m. [PAR] 8. The shortest escalator is Stratford, with a vertical rise of 4.1m. [PAR] 9. Only 45 per cent of the Underground is actually in tunnels. [PAR] 10. The longest distance between stations is on the Metropolitan line from Chesham to Chalfont & Latimer: a total of only 3.89 miles. [PAR] The history of the Tube in pictures [PAR] 11. The longest continuous tunnel is on the Northern line and runs from East Finchley to Morden (via Bank), a total of 17.3 miles. [PAR] 12. Aldgate Station, on the Circle and Metropolitan Lines, is built on a massive plague pit, where more than 1,000 bodies are buried. [PAR] 13. The longest journey without change is on the Central line from West Ruislip to Epping, and is a total of 34.1 miles. [PAR] 14. The deepest station is Hampstead on the Northern line, which runs down to 58.5 metres. [PAR] 15. In Central London the deepest station below street level is also the Northern line. It is the DLR concourse at Bank, which is 41.4 metres below. [PAR] Only 45 per cent of the Underground is actually in tunnels [PAR] 16. The TARDIS, (Dr Who\u2019s transport) can be found outside Earl\u2019s Court station. Or at least an old police call box can. [PAR] 17. The London Underground manages about 10 per cent of all green spaces in London. [PAR] 18. Wildlife observed on the Tube network includes woodpeckers, deer, sparrowhawk, bats, grass snakes, great crested newts, slow worms. [PAR] 19. Over 47 million litres water are pumped from the Tube each day, enough to fill a standard leisure centre swimming pool (25 metres x 10 metres) every quarter of an hour. [PAR] 20. The London Underground trains were originally steam powered. [PAR] 21. The station with the most platforms is Baker Street with 10 (Moorgate"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] British Cheese - British Culture, Customs and Traditions British Cheese - British Culture, Customs and Traditions [PAR] British Culture, British Customs and British Traditions [PAR] British Cheese [PAR] With dictionary look up. Double click on any word for its definition. [PAR] This section is in advanced English and is only intended to be a guide, not to be taken too seriously! [PAR] There are now over 450 different cheeses in the UK, these are just a few of the most popular (and my favourite) ones. Often eaten with specialy made savoury biscuits and a glass of wine or port. [PAR] A - Z of British Cheese [PAR] Brodick Blue - A ewes milk blue cheese from Brodick in Scotland. [PAR] Caerphilly - The best known Welsh cheese. A fresh, white, mild cheese with a delicate, slightly salty and lightly acidic flavour [PAR] Cheddar - Probably the best known British cheese. A creamy cheese which comes in different strengths depending on its age from Mild to Mature. Cheddar dates back to the 15th century when it was stored in the Cheddar Gorge caves of Somerset. [PAR] Cheshire - A slightly crumbly and silky texture with a full-bodied, fresh flavour. There is a white and a coloured cheshire. Britain's oldest cheese, dating back to the 11th century. It can claim a mention in the Doomsday Book and boast to have been a firm favourite at the court of Elizabeth I. [PAR] Cornish Yarg - A semi-hard cheese that is creamy and slightly crumbly at the core. It has a young, fresh, slightly tangy taste. [PAR] Crowdie - A soft fresh Scottish cheese. Originally made using milk left after the cream has separated naturally. Plain or flavoured with peppercorns, garlic or herbs. [PAR] Derby - A smooth, mellow texture with a quite mild, buttery flavour [PAR] Double Gloucester - A smooth, buttery texture with a clean, creamy, mellow flavour. Famous for its role in the annual cheese-rolling contest. [PAR] Dovedale - A creamy soft, mild blue cheese. [PAR] Lancashire - A full-bodied flavour that is slightly salted with a creamy but faintly crumbly texture. [PAR] Red Leicester - A rich, orangey coloured cheese whose flaky and slightly open texture plays host to a distinctive mellow flavour. [PAR] Sage Derby - A green veined, semi-hard cheese with a delightful, mild sage flavour. [PAR] Shropshire Blue - Made in a similar way to Stilton, it is a blue veined, soft, orange coloured cheese with a sharp, strong, slightly tangy flavour that takes between six and eight weeks to mature. [PAR] Stilton - Known as the 'King of English Cheeses'. A blue veined cheese with smooth and creamy texture it has a complex, slightly acidic flavour. It originated near Melton Mowbray at the beginning of the 18th century. [PAR] Village Green Goat - A popular Cornish goat's cheese with a green wax coating, from whence it gets its name, surrounding a great tasting hard cheese. [PAR] Wensleydale - A moist, crumbly and flaky textured cheese with a mild and slightly sweet flavour. It can be traced back to the 12th century when it was made in Yorkshire by the monks at Jervaulx Abbey [PAR] White Stilton - A mild, crumbly cheese with a delicious tangy flavour. It is younger than its blue cousin and also comes blended with apricots or cranberries."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] David Essex Returns To The Stage With A Star-Studded Cast David Essex Returns To The Stage With A Star-Studded Cast | Smooth Radio [PAR] David Essex Returns To The Stage With A Star-Studded Cast [PAR] By Sarah Goodwin, 21st January 2016, 18:19 [PAR] He originally joined the cast back in 1978. [PAR] David Essex is returning to the stage once again in a brand new production of Jeff Wayne's 'The War of the Worlds'. [PAR] David first starred in the iconic musical back in 1978 in the role of the Artilleryman, but this time will play The Voice Of Humanity. [PAR] He joins a star-studded cast in the show set for London's Dominion Theatre in February. [PAR] Singer Daniel Bedingfield whose hit song 'If You're not The One' is a Smooth favourite, will make his West End debut as The Artilleryman, while Hollywood star Liam Neeson will be appearing as a 3D hologram. [PAR] They'll be joined by Heidi Range, a member of BRIT award-winning girl group Sugababes , in the part of Beth. [PAR] Hollywood star Liam Neeson who will appear as a hologram in The War Of The Worlds. [PAR] David Essex first became a star of the stage when he played Jesus Christ in Godspell in 1971. The huge West End hit helped to launch his pop career and he had huge hits with 'Rock On', 'Gonna Make You A Star', 'Hold Me Close' and 'A Winter's Tale'. [PAR] Besides his music career, Essex had roles in a number of movies including 'That'll Be The Day', 'Stardust' and 'Silver Dream Racer'. [PAR] In recent years, he's continued his theatre roles with parts in 'Footloose', 'Aspects Of Love' as well as a role on Eastenders as Eddie Moon. [PAR] The musical run for a limited season starting on 8 February 2016."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] TV presenter Susanna Reid flashes her knickers on the BBC ... TV presenter Susanna Reid flashes her knickers on the BBC Breakfast in tight dress | Celebrity News | Showbiz & TV | Daily Express [PAR] 15:16, Wed, Dec 4, 2013 [PAR] Susanna Reid accidentally flashes her knickers on BBC Breakfast this morning [BBC] [PAR] For the second time, the 42-year-old star gave viewers an eyeful thanks to a tight, short dress - which probably wasn't the most suitable attire for her stint on the BBC Breakfast sofa. [PAR] As her co-presenter Bill Turnbull held up one of the daily papers, Susanna was seen struggling with her outfit and subtly trying to pull it down over her thighs, but in doing so she made her knickers visible. [PAR] Susanna first flashed her underwear back in September when a navy blue dress she was wearing revealed her black and white striped knickers. [PAR] The 42-year-old looked rather uncomfortable in her black and white dress [BBC] [PAR] During today's broadcast, it seemed that at one point Susanna had actually realised that she was showing off a bit more than she intended to - and quickly put her hand on her knees. [PAR] The mother-of-three has chosen not to refer to the incident on her Twitter page, and has instead been busy rehearsing for this weekend's 'Strictly Come Dancing' quarter finals. [PAR] Susanna faces stiff competition from soap star Natalie Gumede - who is the favourite to win the show - and model and WAG Abbey Clancy. [PAR] Susanna first flashed her underwear on the red sofa back in September [BBC] [PAR] The TV presenter kept her head down as she left the BBC studio in Manchester [FLYNET] [PAR] Related articles[DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Programmes | Breakfast | Today's show: May BBC NEWS | Programmes | Breakfast | Today's show: May [PAR] Printable version [PAR] Today's show: May [PAR] Find contact details, websites and release dates for items featured on Breakfast. Please note this page will be updated Monday to Friday. Because Breakfast is a live news programme, items listed below may change - see the listing to the right for previous months. You may find more information added to this page AFTER Breakfast finishes. [PAR] May 2008 [PAR] Friday 30 May [PAR] Michael Bond [PAR] Breakfast spoke to the creator of Paddington Bear as he celebrates the bear's 50th anniversary. A new series of Paddington Bear story books will be in the shops from Monday, 2nd June. [PAR] I'd do anything... [PAR] The three winning Olivers from the BBC's talent show, I'd Do Anything were on the sofa today. Gwion, Laurence and Harry told Breakfast about their joy at winning the lead part in the forthcoming West End musical, Oliver. [PAR] Alistair McGowan [PAR] The actor had taken over the role of Emcee in the award-winning revival of Cabaret at the Lyric Theatre in London. The role was previously played by Julian Clary. [PAR] Thursday 29 May [PAR] Phill Jupitus [PAR] The comedian makes his West End debut in \"Lifecoach\" which receives its West End premiere at Trafalgar Studios 2 from May 20 to June 14. [PAR] Minding your Money [PAR] In the last of our Minding Your Money series, Gary Webster, the former Minder star, has been investigating the joy of getting something for nothing. [PAR] Property expert Martin Roberts on surviving the credit crunch [PAR] Cal Macaninch [PAR] Cal plays Detective Inspector John Keenan in Holby Blue. Tonight is the penultimate episode of the series, shown at 8.00pm tonight on BBC One. [PAR] More information on Holby"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] History of Facebook - Who Invented Facebook Who Invented Facebook [PAR] Who Invented Facebook? [PAR] Who Invented Facebook? [PAR] The history behind the number one social media network Facebook. [PAR] Who Invented Facebook? - Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg (L) looks on as Facebook employee Ben Gertzfield strikes a cermonial gong to announce the launch of Facebook Places, a new application that allows Facebook users to document places they have visited. Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated October 23, 2016. [PAR] Mark Zuckerberg was a Harvard computer science student when he, along with classmates Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes invented Facebook. However, the idea for the web site, the world's most popular social networking page, oddly enough was inspired by a botched effort to get internet users to rate each other's photos. [PAR] Hot or Not? [PAR] In 2003, Zuckerberg, a second year student at Harvard at the time, wrote the software for a web site called Facemash. He put his computer science skills to good use by hacking into Harvard's security network, where he copied the student ID images used by the dormitories and used them to populate his new website. Interestingly enough, he had initially created the site as a type of \" hot or not \" game for fellow students. Website visitors could use the site to compare two student photos side-by-side and decide who was \"hot\" and who was \"not.\" [PAR] Facemash opened on October 28, 2003 and closed a few days later after it was shut down by Harvard execs. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Should I Roll Over my 401K to an IRA? [PAR] In the aftermath, Zuckerberg faced serious charges of breach of security, violating copyrights and violating individual privacy for stealing the student photos he used to populate the site. He also faced expulsion from Harvard University for his actions. However, all charges were eventually dropped. [PAR] TheFacebook [PAR] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched with a new website called \"Thefacebook.\" He named the site after the directories that were handed out to university students to aid them in getting to know one another better. Six days later, he again got into trouble when Harvard seniors Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss and Divya Narendra accused him of stealing their ideas for an intended social network website called HarvardConnection and of using their ideas for TheFacebook. The claimants later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, but the matter was eventually settled out of court. [PAR] Membership to the website was at first restricted to Harvard College students. Over time, Zuckerberg enlisted a few of his fellow students to help grow the website. Eduardo Saverin, for example, worked on the business end while Dustin Moskovitz was brought on as a programmer. Andrew McCollum served as the site's graphic artist and Chris Hughes became the de facto spokesperson. Together the team expanded the site to additional universities and colleges. [PAR] Facebook [PAR] In 2004, Napster founder and angel investor Sean Parker became the company's president. The company changed the site's name from TheFacebook to just Facebook after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000. [PAR] The following year, venture capital firm Accel Partners invested $12.7 million in the company, which enabled the creation of a version of the network for high school students. Facebook would later expand to other networks such as employees of companies. In September of 2006, Facebook announced that anyone who was at least 13 years old and had a valid email address could join. By 2009, it had become the world's"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The First Skyscrapers (And How They Became Possible) The First Skyscrapers (And How They Became Possible) [PAR] Famous Inventions [PAR] The First Skyscrapers (And How They Became Possible) [PAR] Exterior of Chicago's Home Insurance Building, widely considered to be the world's first modern skyscraper. Chicago History Museum / Archive Photos / Getty Images [PAR] By Mary Bellis [PAR] Updated August 10, 2016. [PAR] The first skyscrapers -- tall commercial buildings with iron or steel frameworks -- came about in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, and the Chicago Home Insurance Building is generally considered the first modern skyscraper despite being just 10 stories high. [PAR] Skyscrapers were made possible through a series of architectural and engineering innovations. [PAR] Henry Bessemer [PAR] Henry Bessemer (1813-1898) of England, is well-known for inventing the first process to mass-produce steel inexpensively . An American, William Kelly, had held a patent for \"a system of air blowing the carbon out of pig iron,\" but bankruptcy forced Kelly to sell his patent to Bessemer, who had been working on a similar process for making steel. In 1855, Bessemer patented his own \"decarbonization process, utilizing a blast of air.\" This breakthrough opened the door for builders to start making taller and taller structures. Modern steel today is still made using technology based on Bessemer's process. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] What to Do If You Can't Pay Your Student Loans [PAR] George Fuller [PAR] While \u201cthe Bessemer process\u201d kept Bessemer\u2019s name well-known long after his death, lesser known today is the man who actually employed that process to innovate the first skyscraper: George A. Fuller (1851-1900). [PAR] Fuller had been working on trying to solve the problems of the \"load bearing capacities\" of tall buildings. At the time, construction techniques called for outside walls to carry the load of a building\u2019s weight. Fuller, however, had a different idea. [PAR] Fuller realized that buildings could bear more weight\u2014and therefore soar higher\u2014if he used Bessemer steel beams to give buildings a load-bearing skeleton on the inside of the building. In 1889, Fuller erected the Tacoma Building, a successor to the Home Insurance Building that became the first structure ever built where the outside walls did not carry the weight of the building. Using Bessemer steel beams, Fuller developed his technique for creating his steel cages to supported all the weight in his subsequent skyscrapers. [PAR] The Flatiron Building was one of New York City's first skyscrapers, built in 1902 by Fuller's building company. Daniel H. Burnham was the chief architect. [PAR] First Use of the Term \"Skyscraper\" [PAR] The term \"skyscraper,\u201d as far as existing records show, was first used to refer to a tall building during the 1880s in Chicago, shortly after the first 10 to 20 story buildings were built in the United States. Combining several innovations\u2014steel structures, elevators, central heating, electrical plumbing pumps and the telephone\u2014 skyscrapers came to dominate American skylines at the turn of the century. The world's tallest building when it opened in 1913, architect Cass Gilbert's 793-foot Woolworth Building was considered a leading example of tall building design. [PAR] Today, the tallest skyscrapers in the world approach and even exceed heights of 2,000 feet. In 2013, construction began in Saudi Arabia on the Kingdom Tower, originally intended to rise one mile into the sky, its scaled-down design will leave it at about one kilometer high, with more than 200 floors."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dal Lake, Dal Lake Kashmir, Dal Lake Jammu Kashmir India ... Dal Lake, Dal Lake Kashmir, Dal Lake Jammu Kashmir India, Dal Lake Srinagar, Dal Lake Jammu Kashmir Tour, Dal Lake Jammu Kashmir Tour Package. [PAR] Jammu Kashmir \u00bb Kashmir \u00bb Dal Lake Kashmir [PAR] Kashmir Dal Lake [PAR] Dal Lake has rightfully become an icon of the Kashmir tourism industry. A Himalayan urban lake, it has five basins and a number of channels that are well linked with each other. There are plenty of fishes in Dal Lake and fishery is the second largest industry of the region centered on the lake. The sparkling quiet waters of Dal surrounded by snow-capped mountains on its three sides, undoubtedly mark it as one of the most beautiful lakes of India. It is also the second largest lake in the State of Jammu and Kashmir with numerous gardens and orchards all along its shores. Houseboats form an indelible part of the scenery of the Dal Lake that are always ready to take tourists to a romantic and peaceful ride of the lake and soothe their nerves as the houseboat floats over the slightly rippling waters. They also offer some of the most exotic views of the splendid scenery of the Dal Lake. [PAR] There are Shikaras that look like small ornate versions of the gondolas of Venice that offers ferry rides to and from the banks of the lake to the houseboats. The shores of the Lake houses the distinct Moghul monuments and the campus of the Kashmir University while the two hillocks overlooking the lake house Shankaracharya and Hari Parbat temples. The glorious Mughal gardens on its shores contribute to the beauty of the Dal Lake. Out of about five hundred gardens laid down in 16th to 17th century, only a few still survive. There have been controversies about the origin of the Dal Lake. While some geologists believe that the origins of Dal Lake lie in the Pleistocene Oligotrophic Lake that once covered the entire valley of Kashmir, others just believe it to be a flood plain lake. The floating gardens of Dal Lake are considered a beauty in themselves. One can find a number of restaurants and hotels at the lakefront that have sprung up, encouraged by the large influx of tourists here. [PAR] Contact Our Tour Planner[DOC] [TLE] Srinagar travel guide - Wikitravel Srinagar travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] Understand[ edit ] [PAR] The city has become safer to travel since 2003, however the streets are still lined with armed soldiers. Any building of value will also have a sandbag bunker and razor wire for protection. If arriving from the airport, you will also notice hundreds of large, Western style vacation homes. These were built before the current conflict when domestic travel to Kashmir was booming. Currently most of these homes are empty, being squatted in or have been usurped for military use. Most people visit the city in the summer months. The temperature at this time is cool to pleasant. Light sweaters may be needed for occasional cool nights in the summertime. In winter, you will need full winter gear and expect snow and few places to have hot water. [PAR] Get in[ edit ] [PAR] Many people take the train to Jammu followed by a taxi or bus ride to Srinagar. The journey from Jammu to Srinagar is costlier in the summers because the capital is being shifted from Jammu to Srinagar on both the state buses and Sumos. State buses are safer but take more time and are a bit uncomfortable. [PAR] Foreign"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Dangerous Minds (1995) - IMDb Dangerous Minds (1995) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] An ex-Marine turned teacher struggles to connect with her students in an inner city school. [PAR] Director: [PAR] From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video [PAR] ON DISC [PAR] a list of 35 titles [PAR] created 23 Jul 2013 [PAR] a list of 44 titles [PAR] created 20 Mar 2014 [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 27 Mar 2015 [PAR] a list of 24 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] a list of 36 titles [PAR] created 1 month ago [PAR] Search for \" Dangerous Minds \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 5 wins & 6 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] Edit [PAR] Storyline [PAR] Louanne Johnson is an ex-marine, hired as a teacher in a high-school in a poor area of the city. She has recently separated from her husband. Her friend, also teacher in the school, got the temporary job for her. After a terrible reception from the students, she tries unconventional methods of teaching (using karate, Bob Dylan lyrics etc) to gain the trust of the students. Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [PAR] She Broke The Rules... And Changed Their Lives. [PAR] Genres: [PAR] Rated R for language | See all certifications \u00bb [PAR] Parents Guide: [PAR] 11 August 1995 (USA) See more \u00bb [PAR] Also Known As: [PAR] My Posse Don't Do Homework See more \u00bb [PAR] Filming Locations: [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] Trivia [PAR] One of the last films worked on by producer Don Simpson . He helped pick songs for the film soundtrack. See more \u00bb [PAR] Goofs [PAR] When Raul gets dragged away by the police from his fight with Emilio you can see that his ponytail is ruined, but in the next shot when they got out of the school his ponytail was back. See more \u00bb [PAR] Quotes [PAR] Louanne : You asked me once how I was gonna save your life. This is it. This moment. [PAR] Written by MisDemeanor, Craig Mac, Evil Dee [PAR] Performed by Sista featuring Craig Mac [PAR] Sista appears courtesy of Swing Mob/Elektra Entertainment, A Division of Warner Communications, [PAR] Inc. [PAR] Craig Mac appears courtesy of Bad Boy Entertainment/ [PAR] Arista Records [PAR] (Long Island, New York) \u2013 See all my reviews [PAR] I'm not about to call this movie a \"feel-good movie\" or a \"coming-of-age-tale.\" What am I gonna do is call it what it really is - a great movie. [PAR] Michelle Pfeiffer is at her best. She is absolutely fantastic in this movie. The actors in the classroom hold their own against her as well. [PAR] Basically, the plot is as follows: White teacher enters a mostly-minority \"alternative\" (read: group of kids that act out) classroom and commands respect. In turn, she changes their lives as they change hers. It's basically the story of Raul, Emilio, and Carrie, and how they cope with life as a result of Ms. Johnson. [PAR] The movie has some really good lines (my favorite: \"You asked me how I was gonna save your life. This is it."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Lobes, Fissures, and Lobules - Boundless Lobes, Fissures, and Lobules [PAR] About Watch and Favorite [PAR] Watch [PAR] Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. [PAR] Favorite [PAR] Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the \u201cMy Resources\u201d tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you\u2019re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. [PAR] Lobes, Fissures, and Lobules [PAR] The lungs are located on either side of the heart and are separated by fissures into lobes, three in the right and two lobes in the left. [PAR] Learning Objective [PAR] Distinguish between the right and left lungs based on their lobes, fissures, and lobules [PAR] Key Points [PAR] Human lungs are located in two cavities on either side of the heart and are separated into lobes by fissures. [PAR] The two lungs are not identical. The right lung has three lobes and left has two lobes. They are further divided into segments and then into lobules . [PAR] Lobules are hexagonal divisions of the lungs that are the smallest subdivision visible to the naked eye. [PAR] The right lung is divided by the oblique fissure, which separates the inferior lobe from the middle and superior lobes, and the horizontal fissure, which separates the superior from the middle lobe. [PAR] The human left lung is divided into two lobes, an upper and a lower, by the oblique fissure. It has a cardiac notch , a concave impression molded to accommodate the shape of the heart. [PAR] The lingula is not technically a lobe, but is the left lung equivalent of the right lung\u2019s middle lobe. [PAR] The hilium is the root of the lung and contains the structures involved in pulmonary circulation , as well as the pulmonary nerves and lymph vessels. [PAR] Terms [PAR] Register for FREE to remove ads and unlock more features! Learn more [PAR] Full Text [PAR] The lungs are located in two chambers of the thoracic cavity on either side of the heart. Though similar in appearance, the two lungs are not identical, nor wholly symmetrical. [PAR] Fissures are double folds of pleura that divide the lung into lobes. There are three lobes in the right lung and two in the left lung. The lobes are further divided into segments and then into lobules, which are hexagonal divisions of the lungs that are the smallest visible subdivision. [PAR] The lobes are further divided into segments and then into lobules, hexagonal divisions of the lungs that are the smallest subdivision visible to the naked eye. [PAR] The Right Lung [PAR] The right lung is five centimeters shorter than the left lung to accommodate the diaphragm , which rises higher on the right side over the liver; it is also broader. The volume, the total capacity, and the weight of the right lung is greater than that of the left. The right lung is divided into three lobes. [PAR] The Upper Lobe (Right Lung) [PAR] The upper lobe is the largest lobe of the right lung. It extends from the apex of the lung down to the horizontal and oblique fissures. It bears apical, anterior, and posterior bronchopulmonary segments . [PAR] The Middle Lobe (Right Lung) [PAR] The middle lobe is the smallest lobe of the right lung, located between the horizontal and oblique fissures. It bears medial and lateral bronchopulmonary segments. [PAR] The Lower Lobe (Right Lung) [PAR] The lower lobe is the bottom lobe of"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] BathRugby.com: The Official Website BathRugby.com: The Official Website [PAR] 4/2/17KO 15:00AwayNewcastle FalconsAnglo Welsh Match information [PAR] New to Bath Rugby? We salute you [PAR] Join us this season for: [PAR] Epic, elite entertainment[DOC] [TLE] Rugby World Cup 2015: England team guide for the ... Rugby World Cup 2015: England team guide for the tournament on home soil in September and October - Telegraph [PAR] Watch: the World Cup lowdown in 100 seconds [PAR] Rugby World Cup 2015: England team guide for the tournament on home soil in September and October [PAR] Telegraph Sport provides its everything-you-need-to-know guide and profile about England rugby team ahead of the Rugby World Cup on home soil [PAR] Fiji, Sept 18, 8pm, Twickenham, London [PAR] Wales, Sept 26, 8pm, Twickenham, London [PAR] Australia, Oct 3, 8pm, Twickenham, London [PAR] Uruguay, Oct 10, 8pm, Manchester City Stadium [PAR] How they qualified [PAR] Automatically as the tournament hosts. [PAR] World ranking 4 [PAR] The Rugby World Cup final 2015 begins in [PAR] World Cup high [PAR] No competition here. Every England fan will go to the grave unable to forget Jonny Wilkinson's final-minute dropped goal that sealed the 2003 trophy in Sydney. [PAR] World Cup low [PAR] 2011 was undoubtedly the nadir. Martin Johnson's side just about beat Scotland and Argentina and then went out in the quarter-finals to France, flying home dogged by a series of off-field controversies. [PAR] Coach [PAR] Stuart Lancaster took over from Johnson and has instilled a hard-working ethic with discipline prized above all else. He has overseen numerous hints of breakthroughs but is yet to allay fears that England could be heading for another World Cup disaster, as it did in 2011. He believes England can win thanks to the \"Twickenham factor,\" pinning hopes on the stadium's \"fortress status\" and the huge boost to morale that will be provided by home fans. [PAR] Touch of magic: Bath centre Jonathan Joseph in action for England (REX) [PAR] Most likely to light up the World Cup [PAR] Jonathan Joseph took this year's Six Nations by storm. The Bath centre put in a series of scintilating, try-scoring performances and there's no reason he can't do it again, especially alongside club and country teammate George Ford. [PAR] Mad, bad and dangerous to know [PAR] After Dylan Hartley and Manu Tuilagi sabotaged their squad places, only reformed bad boy Danny Care remains, three years on from a wild period in which he was arrested three times after drinking sprees and was banned from driving. [PAR] Campaign bases: [PAR] England's main training centre, Pennyhill Park in Surrey, will be their home for the three pool games at Twickenham and they will then move to Salford before the Uruguay game in Manchester. [PAR] Indisputable line in their national anthem: [PAR] \"Long to reign over us.\" [PAR] Alternative World Cup anthem: [PAR] Simple Minds: Promised You A Miracle [PAR] Fan's kit [PAR] The remnants of an explosion in Henry Blofeld's wardrobe, with hats from Timothy Claypole in Rentaghost. [PAR] Odds [PAR] 7-2 [PAR] A lot will depend on the form of captain Chris Robshaw at the World Cup (GETTY IMAGES) [PAR] The stereotype is... [PAR] An exceptional front five, who provide power and set-piece dominance, but rather conservative in attack. Substance wins out over style. [PAR] The reality is... [PAR] The likes of Joseph and fly-half George Ford have begun to add sparkle to the forward power, but basic mistakes when under pressure still cost them dear against the best sides. [PAR] Commentator\u2019s go-to stat [PAR] The English have not lost to Wales since 1987 in a"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Cook's Thesaurus: Nut Liqueurs Cook's Thesaurus: Nut Liqueurs [PAR] nut liqueurs [PAR] Varieties: [PAR] almond liqueur Notes: Almond liqueur is excellent on ice cream or in coffee. Substitutes: amaretto OR almond extract (use 1/8-1/4 as much) OR hazelnut liqueur [PAR] amaretto Notes: This is a brandy-based liqueur that's flavored with almonds and apricot pits. It complements chocolate, coffee, and fruit especially well. Substitutes: almond liqueur OR almond extract (use 1/8-1/4 as much) OR hazelnut liqueur [PAR] cr\ufffdme d'amande = creme d'amande Pronunciation: KREM dah-MAND Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has an almond flavor. Substitutes: Amaretto (not as sweet) OR almond liqueur (not as sweet) [PAR] cr\ufffdme de noix = creme de noix Pronunciation: KREM de NWAH Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has a walnut flavor. Substitutes: walnut liqueur (not as sweet) OR hazelnut liqueur (not as sweet) OR Amaretto (almond flavor) OR brandy [PAR] cr\ufffdme de noyaux = creme de noyaux = cr\ufffdme de noyau = creme de noyau Pronunciation: KREM den why-YOH Notes: This is a cr\ufffdme liqueur that has an almond flavor. Substitutes: almond liqueur (not as sweet) [PAR] Frangelico Notes: This is a popular brand of hazelnut liqueur. Substitutes: hazelnut liqueur OR walnut liqueur OR amaretto OR brandy [PAR] [PAR] hazelnut liqueur = noisette Notes: This is great in coffee, on ice cream, or in cakes that use a liqueur as an ingredient. Frangelico is a well-regarded brand. Substitutes: walnut liqueur OR amaretto OR brandy[DOC] [TLE] An A to Z List of Popular Liqueurs and Cordials An A to Z List of Popular Liqueurs and Cordials [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] How to Mince Without a Knife [PAR] Advocaat- A liqueur from Holland made of egg yolks, brandy, sugar and vanilla that is often enjoyed straight or on the rocks. [PAR] Read more and find cocktails... [PAR] Agavero- A tequila-based liqueur flavored with the Damiana flower. It was created in 1857, uses a blend of 100% blue agave Anejo and reposado tequilas that have been aged in French Limousin oak. It is popular to drink straight, on the rocks, or in cocktails such as the B\u00e9same Cocktail . [PAR] Amaretto- An almond flavored liqueur made with apricot pits. This liqueur is commonly paired with a coffee liqueur in drinks like a Toasted Almond or used as a smooth liqueur in shooters like the Alabama Slammer . [PAR] Read more and find cocktails... [PAR] Amaro Meletti- A bitter Italian digestif that is flavored with various aromatic herbs including anise and saffron. The flavor profile is surprising and reminiscent of chocolate. It is delicious on its own or over ice and used in a few cocktails including the Twentieth Century and Bugs Cutty . [PAR] Read more and find cocktails... [PAR] Cherry liqueur- A tart fruit accent made of cherries and pits. A great on the rocks sipper as well. Also, see maraschino liqueur... [PAR] Cinnamon Schnapps- An often clear, higher proof distilled spirit that is flavored with cinnamon and used often in cocktails and shooters. [PAR] Read more and find cocktails... [PAR] Coffee liqueur, Cr\u00e8me de Caf\u00e9- Coffee-flavored liqueur. The most popular coffee liqueur is the Mexican Kahlua. Others include Tia Maria from Jamaica, Expresso from dark-roasted Italian coffee, cr\u00e8me de caf\u00e9 , and Pasha from Turkey. Any of the coffee liqueurs are great served ice-cold with heavy cream floating on top and are popular ingredients in a variety of cocktails. [PAR] Find blackberry cocktails... [PAR] Cr\u00e8me de Noyaux- A pink liqueur has a distinct almond flavor and is made with the stones of plums, cherries, peaches and apricots. This"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] How Plaque and Gum Disease Affect Your Health - WebMD How Plaque and Gum Disease Affect Your Health [PAR] Rheumatoid arthritis [PAR] Premature birth [PAR] What's behind the links? Experts can't say for certain, but they believe that oral bacteria can escape into the bloodstream and injure major organs. [PAR] Inflammation is probably a common denominator, experts say. Periodontal disease, marked by inflammation, may increase inflammation throughout the body. Inflammation, in turn, is an underlying problem in diseases including heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis . [PAR] Gum Disease and Heart Disease [PAR] Over the years, many studies have found that people with gum disease are more likely to also have poor heart health , including heart attacks . [PAR] A 2009 paper on the relationship between heart disease and gum disease was issued by the American Academy of Periodontology and The American Journal of Cardiology. Its joint recommendations encourage cardiologists to ask their patients about any gum disease problems. In addition, periodontists are encouraged to ask their patients about any family history of heart disease as well as their own heart health . [PAR] Continued [PAR] Gum Disease and Diabetes [PAR] If you have diabetes , you are more likely than people who don't have diabetes to have gum disease. Why? Again, inflammation may be partly to blame. And, those with diabetes are more likely to contract infections, including gum disease. [PAR] If your diabetes is not under control, you are at even higher risk of gum disease. [PAR] Gum Disease and Dementia [PAR] Gum disease has also been found to raise the risk of dementia later in life. [PAR] Other researchers have found that periodontal problems may also be associated with milder cognitive impairment, such as memory problems that make activities of daily life more difficult. In a recent study, participants who had the worst gum disease scored the worst on memory tests and calculations. [PAR] Periodontal Disease and RA [PAR] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease marked by inflammation and painful joints. People with RA are more likely to have periodontal disease, and one study found that they had more missing teeth than people who don't have RA. [PAR] Chronic inflammation is common to both conditions. Although scientists haven't found evidence that one condition causes the other, a 2009 study found that people with a severe form of RA had less pain, swelling, and morning stiffness after their periodontal disease was treated. [PAR] Gum Disease and Premature Birth [PAR] Studies on the link between periodontal disease and preterm birth have produced conflicting results. Some show that women with gum disease are more likely to deliver a baby before term, which sets up the baby for health risks. Others, though, have not found a link. Studies are ongoing. [PAR] Other research has found that treating periodontal disease in pregnant women helps them carry their infants to term. One recent study showed that women with periodontal disease who completed periodontal treatment before the 35th week were less likely than those who did not get treatment to deliver their babies early. [PAR] Minimizing the Dangers of Plaque & Gingivitis [PAR] To keep plaque under control, brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and floss daily. Use an antimicrobial mouthwash to reduce the bacteria in your mouth . [PAR] Get your teeth cleaned professionally on a regular basis. Ask your dentist about the best cleaning schedule for you. Find out if you might benefit from a protective coating or sealant applied to the chewing surfaces of the teeth in the back of your mouth where tooth decay often"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Pierce Brosnan | Biography and Filmography | 1953 Pierce Brosnan | Biography and Filmography | 1953 [PAR] Starred opposite Owen Wilson in thriller \"No Escape\" [PAR] 2014 [PAR] Starred with Salma Hayek and JEssica Alba in romantic comedy \"Some Kind of Beautiful\" [PAR] 2014 [PAR] Starred in crime thriller \"The November Man\" [PAR] 2014 [PAR] Co-starred in ensemble comedy-drama \"A Long Way Down,\" based on the novel by Nick Hornby [PAR] 2013 [PAR] Starred with Emma Thompson in comedy \"The Love Punch\" [PAR] 2013 [PAR] Appeared in a small role in Edgar Wright's \"The World's End\" [PAR] 2012 [PAR] Starred in Susanne Bier's romantic comedy \"Love Is All You Need\" [PAR] 2011 [PAR] Starred opposite Sarah Jessica Parker in \"I Don't Know How She Does It\" [PAR] 2010 [PAR] Cast as Chiron, trainer of heroes, in the film adaptation of \"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\" [PAR] 2010 [PAR] Produced and starred in \"The Greatest\" [PAR] 2010 [PAR] Portrayed the former British Prime Minister in Roman Polanski's \"The Ghost Writer\" [PAR] 2008 [PAR] Cast as one of the potential fathers in the film version of the ABBA musical \"Mamma Mia!\" [PAR] 2008 [PAR] Co-starred in the 1940s period drama \"Married Life\" [PAR] 2007 [PAR] Co-starred with Liam Neeson in the western \"Seraphim Falls\" [PAR] 2005 [PAR] Starred opposite Hope Davis and Greg Kinnear as a world-traveling assassin in \"The Matador\"; earned a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor [PAR] 2004 [PAR] Announced he will no longer portray James Bond 007 [PAR] 2004 [PAR] Co-starred with Salma Hayek and Woody Harrelson in \"After the Sunset\" [PAR] 2002 [PAR] Starred in \"Evelyn\"; also produced by Brosnan's own production company, Irish DreamTime [PAR] 2002 [PAR] Appeared for his fourth time as Bond in \"Die Another Day\" [PAR] 2001 [PAR] Had co-starring role as a government operative exiled to South American in \"The Tailor of Panama\" [PAR] 1999 [PAR] Starred in the title role of \"Grey Eagle\" [PAR] 1999 [PAR] Starred in the remake of \"The Thomas Crown Affair\" [PAR] 1999 [PAR] Reprised Bond in \"The World is Not Enough\" [PAR] 1998 [PAR] Produced and acted in \"The Nephew\" [PAR] 1995 [PAR] First appeared as agent 007 in \"Goldeneye\" [PAR] 1994 [PAR] Was officially announced as the fifth actor to play James Bond, replacing Timothy Dalton [PAR] 1985 [PAR] Made US film debut in \"Nomads\" [PAR] 1982 [PAR] Starred in the title role of NBC TV series \"Remington Steele\" [PAR] 1981 [PAR] American TV debut, starred as Rory O'Manion on the ABC historical miniseries \"The Manions of America\" [PAR] 1980 [PAR] Made film debut in \"The Long Good Friday\" [PAR] 1979 [PAR] Made TV debut in \"Murphy's Stroke\" [PAR] 1977 [PAR] Chosen by Tennessee Williams to create the role of McCabe in the British premiere of \"Red Devil Battery Sign\" [PAR] 1976"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Charles Darwin: An English Naturalist | Earth 520: Plate ... Charles Darwin: An English Naturalist | Earth 520: Plate Tectonics and People: Foundations of Solid Earth Science [PAR] Charles Darwin: An English Naturalist [PAR] \"I am turned into a sort of machine for observing facts and grinding out conclusions.\" [PAR] -Charles Darwin- [PAR] Image Source: http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/rmo0032l.jpg [PAR] Biographical Information: [PAR] Charles Robert Darwin was born in February of 1809 in Shrewsbury, England and was the 5th of 6 children in his family. Darwin was born into a very wealthy family that had a lot of connections. His family members had all been very successful and Darwin lived a priviledged childhood. Charles\u2019s father was alive for most of his adult life and worked as a local physician and a financer. Unfortunately, his mother died at a very young age, when she was only 52 years old. [PAR] Darwin attended a nearby board school in Shrewsbury during his childhood, but after graduating that school, he decided to attend Edinburgh University in October 1985, along with his own brother to study medicine. Darwin was studying to become a physician, much like his successful father had done. While at Edinburgh, Darwin found himself studying marine invertebrates with Robert Grant, one of the most well known biologists of the early 19th century. Darwin soon realized he did not like the field of medicine after he couldn\u2019t stand to see blood or suffering of humans for a regular basis and believed surgery was a form of human brutality, so he quickly left the medical field of study. [PAR] Immediately after Darwin left the medicine field, his own father proposed that he get more involved in the church as an alternative. Darwin liked the idea of being able to pursue natural history, and in 1827 became a student of Cambridge University to study theology, with the goal later on of becoming an Anglican parson. While at Cambridge, Darwin studied a lot of the scientific ideas and papers written by geologist Adam Sedgwick and naturalist John Henslow, who were big believers in the idea of evolution of natural species. At the time, Darwin was not a true believer in evolution yet but was exposed to the scientific beliefs behind the theory quite often in his studies. [PAR] The Residence of Charles Darwin his 1st year at Cambridge University [PAR] Image Source: http://www.aboutdarwin.com/pictures/cambridge/11-25.jpg [PAR] From 1831-1836, Darwin was able to journey on the HMS Beagle, a ship whose mission was to travel around the world in search of new scientific discoveries. Darwin served as the naturalist on board the ship, collecting thousands of specimens from various countries around the world, mostly being from South America. Darwin later called this trip across the oceans, \u201cby far the most important voyage of my life.\u201d [PAR] Throughout Darwin\u2019s life he continued to study the natural world and later published his most famous book, On The Origin of Species to help explain how evolutionary selection occurred amongst throughout the course of their existence on Earth. \u201cNatural Selection\u201d and \u201cSurvival of the Fittest\u201d were some of the scientific terms that originated from his studies published in the book. These theories have laid the ground work for modern scientific evolutionary studies and research going on years later. [PAR] Darwin lived to be 73 years old, dying in April of 1882 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. His legacy in the scientific community continues to be respected and celebrated for all the significant contributions he made throughout his lifetime. [PAR] [PAR] *Who Wants to Live a Million Years? Interactive Darwin Game* [PAR] CLICK THE"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] What Happened in 1935 inc. Pop Culture, Prices and Events What Happened in 1935 including Pop Culture, Significant Events, Key Technology and Inventions [PAR] How Much things cost in 1935 [PAR] Average Cost of new house $3,450.00 Average wages per year $1,600.00 [PAR] Cost of a gallon of Gas 10 cents [PAR] Average Cost for house rent $22.00 per month [PAR] A loaf of Bread 8 cents [PAR] A LB of Hamburger Meat 11 cents [PAR] Average New Car Price $625.00 [PAR] Canada Dry Ginger Ale 20 Cents [PAR] Couple of House Price Examples from 1935 [PAR] Mansfield, Ohio -- Farm and House with 160 acres with brick built house barns and spring fed water $4,000 [PAR] Lincoln, Nebraska -- 6 room brick bungalow large lot double garage 3 bedrooms den and loft $6,000 [PAR] Below are some Prices for UK guides in Pounds Sterling [PAR] Average House Price 530 [PAR] United States --- The Boulder (Hoover) Dam [PAR] The Boulder (Hoover) Dam is completed. [PAR] More Information and Timeline for the Hoover Dam [PAR] 1. The Reclamation Act is signed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902, it allows engineers to research how to control and use the Colorado River. [PAR] 2. In 1920 , the US Congress passed the Kinkaid Act, which asked for the Secretary of the Interior to look into the problems of the Imperial Valley. [PAR] 3. The Fall-Davis report is given to the US Congress and it recommends building a dam on the Colorado river near Boulder Canyon in 1922. [PAR] 4. The Boulder Canyon Project Act is passed by Congress and signed by President Calvin Coolidge in December of 1928. [PAR] 5. Herbert Hoover takes over negotiations about the proposed dam and it moves forward when an agreement is reached between the seven basin states in 1929. [PAR] 6. In 1931 bids for construction of the dam are placed and Six Companies are awarded the contract of $48,890,995. [PAR] 7. Construction begins in 1932 when the Colorado River is diverted around the construction site. [PAR] 8. On June 6th, 1933, the first concrete is poured for the construction of the Hoover Dam. [PAR] 9. On May 29th, 1935, the last concrete is poured at the Hoover Dam. [PAR] 10. The Boulder (Hoover) Dam is dedicated on September 30th of 1935. [PAR] 11. By 1947 , the Boulder Dam is officially named the Hoover Dam. [PAR] [PAR] creates The WPA or Works Progress Administration to create millions of jobs [PAR] More Information and Timeline for the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act [PAR] 1. The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 created the Works Progress Administration, one of the most well-known programs to come out of FDR's New Deal. [PAR] 2. The WPA was a work-relief program that employed people to build airports, roads, bridges, public buildings and public parks. [PAR] 3. It was renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939 and was decreased in size. [PAR] 4. In 1943 the public program was ended because of WWII and a worker shortage. [PAR] 5. Overall, it had offered employment to nearly 9 million people during its run and spent over eleven billion dollars. [PAR] 6. The WPA employed both men and women and it also contributed to the arts in the USA by employing artists to create sculptures and mosaics that would decorate parks and public buildings. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] United States --- Social Security Act [PAR] President Roosevelt signs the US Social Security Act on October 22nd Providing Unemployment compensation and pensions for the elderly. [PAR] More Information and Timeline for the Social Security"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Full text of \"The eighth Duke of Beaufort and the ... Full text of \"The eighth Duke of Beaufort and the Badminton hunt : with a sketch of the rise of the Somerset family\" [PAR] See other formats [PAR] \\ -c -^o JOHNA.SEAVERNS TUFTS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 3 9090 014 536 854 / Webster Family Library of Veterinary Medicine Cummings Schooi of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University *^- 200 Wesiboro Road Norti-i Grafton, MA 01536 THE EIGHTH DUKE OF BEAUFORT AND THE BADMINTON HUNT ,^ ''9ton^. /d:/^.^. :M^^^^>mziaw\u00bb'/^vn^^''^4^' \u25a0M^!ay<u^^z^^/y^^:^^>^ 4 ^ THE EIGHTH DUKE OF BEAUFORT AND THE BADMIN- TON HUNT WITH A SKETCH OF THE RISE OF THE SOMERSET FAMILY BY T. F. DALE M.A. Author OF \"THE HISTORY OF THE BELVOIR HUNT\" \"THE GAME OF POLO\" ETC WESTMINSTER ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO Ltd 2 WHITEHALL GARDENS 1901 4& 5^ Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London. CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I Rise of the Somersets 3 CHAPTER n The Great Marquis 27 CHAPTER ni The First Duke\u2014 The Founder of Badminton . . 49 chapter iv The Badminton Hounds 65 CHAPTER V The Masters of Badminton and the Young Heir . 89 CHAPTER VI The Boyhood of the Eighth Duke 133 V b CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER VII Famous Servants of the Badminton Hunt . . \u2022 ^S^ chapter viii The Eighth Duke 169 chapter ix The Eighth Duke 191 chapter x The Eighth Duke 211 chapter XI The Badminton Hunt and its Followers . . .235 chapter xii Autumn Days 253 VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Henry Charles, Eighth Duke of Beaufort. . Frontispiece PAGE The Marquis and Marchioness of Worcester .... 26 Badminton : East Front 48 Badminton : South Front 58 Stag Hunting at Badminton circa 1730, with Portrait of the Third Duke, Lord C. N. Somerset and the Earl of Lichfield 68 Fox Hunting on Salisbury Plain. Stonehenge in the Distance 72 \"Echo\" 75 The Fox up a Tree 88 Map of the Badminton Hunt loi \" Rapture \" 105 Hounds (from the picture by Barraud) \"Whirlwind,\" \" Poten- tate,\" \"Paragon\" 113 The Badminton Sweep 126 The Seventh Duke of Beaufort 132 William Long 150 Portrait of the Eighth Duke of Beaufort when a Boy at Eton 168 William Dale with the Hounds 175 vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE \" Petronel \" 183 Portrait of the Eighth Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, by Sir F. Grant, 1864 190 The Stables at Badminton 197 A Group of Hunters (from the picture at Badminton) . .210 Portrait of \"Petronel\" (from the picture at Badminton) . 215 The Duke of Beaufort 234 The Duchess of Beaufort and Children 242 Badminton : Entrance to the Park 252 The Hounds 257 The Greatwood Run with the Beaufort Hounds, Feb. 22, 187 1 261 \"Vaulter\" and \"Despot\" 272 \" Vaulter\" (from the picture by Cuthbert Bradley) . . . 279 Vlll PREFACE 'TT^HE following memorial of a great English -*\u2022 sportsman will it is hoped be acceptable to the many who knew and loved him. To the present Duke of Beaufort I am greatly indebted not only for the loan of valuable books and papers, but for advice and assistance as to the plan of the work. The Duke has himself read the greater part of the book before publication. This will be a guarantee that its views represent on the whole the feelings of the late Duke's friends. For their manner of expression I only am responsible. Holding strong views as to what the world at large is entitled to know of a public character, I have endeavoured"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Nobel Prize for Literature: the good, the bad and the British Nobel Prize for Literature: the good, the bad and the British - Telegraph [PAR] Book news [PAR] Nobel Prize for Literature: the good, the bad and the British [PAR] As this year's recipient is set to be announced, we look back at some of the award's beloved, obscure and homegrown winners. [PAR] [PAR] Ernest Hemingway Photo: GETTY IMAGES [PAR] [PAR] The Italian playwright Dario Fo [PAR] By Marie-Claire Chappet [PAR] 10:55AM BST 09 Oct 2014 [PAR] The 107th Nobel Prize for literature, the richest literary prize in the world, is awarded today. Over it's history, the prize has been awarded to works in over 25 different languages.There have been 10 British winners (including one British prime minister) four joint wins, 13 female recipients, one Yiddish winner and two writers who have declined the substantial prize. [PAR] The award has not been without controversy, with prominent and successful writers often rejected in favour of more obscure choices and selections often tainted by political bias. The Prize has, however, celebrated some of the finest literary output of the last century. [PAR] The Popular: [PAR] W.B. Yeats (1923): The beloved Irish poet was awarded the prize \"for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\". Reflecting this, Yeats claimed that he accepted the award \"less as an individual than as a representative of Irish literature.\" [PAR] Ernest Hemingway (1954): One of the most significant writers of the twentieth-century, Hemingway was awarded his Prize in recognition of an individual work. The Old Man and the Sea (1951) was singled out as an example of his \"mastery of the art of narrative.\" [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] 15 Apr 2015 [PAR] Novelist Ernest Hemmingway [PAR] Jean Paul Sartre (1964): Sartre was the second writer to decline a Nobel Prize, out of a habit of refusing all official honours. The first was Boris Pasternak in 1958 who initially accepted but then was forced to decline, under pressure from his native Soviet Union. Sartre refused as he felt it was wrong for a writer to turn himself into \"an institution\" yet was selected for having \"exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\". [PAR] Samuel Beckett (1969): The avant-garde playwright and novelist was honoured for his writing, which \"in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\". [PAR] Playwright Samuel Beckett [PAR] Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1982): The magic realist novelist, and auhor of the highly acclaimed One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), was honoured for \"his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\". [PAR] Wole Soyinka (1986): was the first African in Africa and in Diaspora to be honoured with a Nobel Prize for literature. The Nigerian writer was chosen for his works which \"in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashion the drama of existence\". [PAR] The Obscure: [PAR] Elvyind Johnson and Harry Martinson (1974): The choice of the joint prize for these Swedish authors was an unpopular one. The Prize has long been criticised for favouring European authors, particularly authors from Sweden, as the award is granted by The Swedish Academy. The relatively unknown Johnson and Martinson, who were both Nobel Prize judges, controversially beat Graham Greene and Vladimir Nabakov to the award. [PAR] Dario Fo (1997): Viewed as one of the least worthy winners, Fo was primarily a performance artist who had"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hollyoaks (TV Series 1995\u2013 ) - IMDb Hollyoaks (TV Series 1995\u2013 ) - IMDb [PAR] IMDb [PAR] There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. [PAR] Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. [PAR] X Beta I'm Watching This! [PAR] Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [PAR] Error [PAR] Hollyoaks takes a look at the lives, loves and careers of a group of teenage friends and their families as they graduate through GCSE's, A-Levels and College into the world of work. [PAR] Creator: [PAR] a list of 39 titles [PAR] created 03 Aug 2012 [PAR] a list of 23 titles [PAR] created 29 Sep 2012 [PAR] a list of 25 titles [PAR] created 10 Sep 2013 [PAR] a list of 28 titles [PAR] created 01 Jan 2014 [PAR] a list of 26 titles [PAR] created 18 Sep 2015 [PAR] Search for \" Hollyoaks \" on Amazon.com [PAR] Connect with IMDb [PAR] Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. [PAR] You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. [PAR] 32 wins & 194 nominations. See more awards \u00bb [PAR] Photos [PAR] The everyday lives of working-class inhabitants of Albert Square, a traditional Victorian square of terrace houses surrounding a park in the East End of London's Walford borough. The square includes the Queen Vic pub and a street market. [PAR] Stars: Steve McFadden, Adam Woodyatt, June Brown [PAR] A soap opera set in a fictional village in the Yorkshire Dales. [PAR] Stars: Lucy Pargeter, Elizabeth Estensen, Mark Charnock [PAR] Coronation Street (TV Series 1960) [PAR] Drama | Romance [PAR] The UK's longest-running TV soap, Coronation Street focuses on the everyday lives of working class people in Manchester, England. [PAR] Stars: Helen Worth, Simon Gregson, William Roache [PAR] Jeremy Kyle deals with more dilemmas, fiery confrontations and topical issues all in front of a studio audience. [PAR] Stars: Jeremy Kyle, Graham Stanier, Georgette Civil [PAR] The everyday lives of the people frequenting the frenetic Accident and Emergency department of Holby City hospital. [PAR] Stars: Derek Thompson, Suzanne Packer, Ian Bleasdale [PAR] Holby City (TV Series 1999) [PAR] Drama [PAR] The everyday lives, professional and personal, of the doctors, nurses and patients who find themselves, for various reasons, in the wards of the frenetic cardiac unit of Holby City General Hospital. [PAR] Stars: Hugh Quarshie, Rosie Marcel, Tina Hobley [PAR] The Undateables (TV Series 2012) [PAR] Documentary | Reality-TV [PAR] Documentary series about disability and dating. [PAR] Stars: Sally Phillips, Brent Zillwood, Gareth Cooper [PAR] Drama following the life of the officers and men of the King's Own Fusiliers regiment, during their home lives, training exercises and battles. [PAR] Stars: Ben Nealon, Robson Green, Jerome Flynn [PAR] 1 vs. 100 (TV Series 2006) [PAR] Game-Show [PAR] One contestant competes against 100 people by answering trivia questions for a chance to win a huge cash prize. [PAR] Stars: Bob Saget, Dexter Takashi Odani, Richard Rubin [PAR] University Challenge (TV Series 1962) [PAR] Game-Show [PAR] Jeremy Paxman hosts this trivia quiz show where colleges from around the UK compete against each other. [PAR] Stars: Jeremy Paxman, Roger Tilling, Waldemar Januzczak [PAR] Uniform officers and detectives from an inner London police station enforce law and order on a day to day basis. [PAR] Stars: Graham Cole, Trudie Goodwin, Jeff Stewart [PAR] Hollyoaks Later (TV Series 2008) [PAR] Comedy | Music | Romance [PAR] Unseen scenes from Hollyoaks which are high in gore, violence and sex. Which is why they weren't shown"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Hobbits and Romans \u2013 jentacular and prandial | The ... Hobbits and Romans \u2013 jentacular and prandial | The Wordfoolery Blog [PAR] Hobbits and Romans \u2013 jentacular and prandial [PAR] September 17, 2012 by wordfoolery [PAR] Hello, [PAR] I\u2019ve two related words this week \u2013 jentacular and prandial. Bilbo Baggins, the lead in \u201cThe Hobbit\u201d by JRR Tolkien would have approved of both. Why? Because hobbits love their food and like to have first and second breakfast (and third if they can get away with it). [PAR] Jentacular (pronounced gen-TACK-u-lar) came up on a recent episode of Stephen Fry\u2019s QI quiz show where they correctly explained that it means \u201cpertaining to breakfast\u201d. What they didn\u2019t mention was that it related to a breakfast taken early in the morning, immediately upon rising. Wikitionary , and other sources, elaborate that the word comes from the Latin jentaculum. You can even use pre and post-jentacular to indicate if you did something before or after that breakfast. For example I take my daily walk pre-jentacularly. [PAR] The idea of having to specify that it was an early breakfast amused me and I dug further to find out about prandial. [PAR] Prandial (pronounced pran-dee-al) means pertaining to a meal, especially dinner. You may have seen it mentioned when a character in a novel takes a post-prandial brandy or stroll around the estate, or both. [PAR] But wait for it\u2026 prandial comes from the Latin word prandium meaning\u2026 late breakfast. Oh those Romans. They were actually hobbits! They ate first breakfast (jentaculum) and then second breakfast (prandium). [PAR] I think this also explains why Romans sometimes wore togas. They were easy-fit for expanding waistlines. [PAR] Until next time, happy reading, writing and wordfooling, [PAR] Grace[DOC] [TLE] A.Word.A.Day -- jentacular - Wordsmith.org A.Word.A.Day -- jentacular [PAR] A.Word.A.Day [PAR] adjective: Relating to breakfast. [PAR] From Latin jentare (to breakfast). [PAR] \"The Gentleman loved to hold that crackling rectangle in front of his face (folded, of course, into courteous fourths), loved the slant of the jentacular sun, the slightly acrid odor of the newsprint, the snappy headlines.\" [PAR] Michael Griffith; Bibliophilia: A Novella and Stories; Arcade Publishing; [PAR] X-Bonus [PAR] That is a good book which is opened with expectation, and closed with delight and profit. -Amos Bronson Alcott, teacher and author (1799-1888) [PAR] Subscribe: [PAR] Sign up to receive A.Word.A.Day in your mailbox every day. [PAR] \"The most welcomed, most enduring piece of daily mass e-mail in cyberspace.\" -The New York Times [PAR] Sponsored by:"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] \u201cNightflight to Venus\u201d | Walk Memory Lane \u201cNightflight to Venus\u201d | Walk Memory Lane [PAR] \u201cNightflight to Venus\u201d [PAR] \u2248 Leave a comment [PAR] Tags [PAR] #1 album , Albums , Boney M , Brown Girl in the Ring , German , Nightflight to Venus , Painter Man , Rasputin , Rivers of Babylon [PAR] Nightflight to Venus (Atlantic, 1978) [PAR] Nightflight to Venus was the third album from the German-based vocal group Boney M. (None of the members of the original line-up were German.) The group was put together by German music producer Frank Farlan.) Boney M was formed in 1976 and achieved their fame in the disco era of the late 70s. Nightflight to Venus was the first #1 album in the UK. It was also a huge success in continental Europe, Scandinavia and Canada, topping most of the album charts in these regions. Nightflight to Venus was certified 5x Platinum in Canada, double Platinum in Germany and Platinum in Hong Kong, Spain and the UK. [PAR] Nightflight to Venus produced the singles: Rivers of Babylon and Brown Girl in the Ring, a double A-sided single. It topped the UK Singles chart and sold over 2 million copies. It currently sits at #5 on the list of Best Selling Singles of All Time. Nightflight to Venus also contains Rasputin \u2014 in most countries, another double A-sided single with Painter Man, a cover of the 1966 hit from The Creation. In the UK, Rasputin and Painter Man were released separately. Rivers of Babylon peaked at #30 on the Hot 100 and was their biggest American hit. [PAR] Share this:[DOC] [TLE] Nightflight To Venus: Boney M: Amazon.ca: Music Nightflight To Venus: Boney M: Amazon.ca: Music [PAR] Nightflight To Venus [PAR] 1 collectible from CDN$ 31.95 [PAR] Special Offers and Product Promotions [PAR] Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed [PAR] Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 [PAR] This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel, please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. [PAR] Would you like to update product info , give feedback on images , or tell us about a lower price ? [PAR] Product Description [PAR] BONEY M Nightflight To Venus (1978 UK 10-track LP with picture labels the pivotal third album from the German-based Eurodance quartet including Rasputin Brown Girl In The Ring Rivers Of Babylon & their hit version of The Creations Painter Man. Housed in a gatefold picture sleeve. The sleeve shows just a little mild wear & the vinyl is Excellent with only a few signs of play K50498) [PAR] What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item? [PAR] By Peter Uys HALL OF FAMETOP 1000 REVIEWER on Oct. 3 2002 [PAR] Format: Audio CD [PAR] This varied album was released following their huge success with their biggest hit ever (Rivers of Babylon/Brown Girl in the Ring) and also contains the follow-up Rasputin, which was another chart hit and dancefloor filler. It is an album of prime Eurodisco but unfortunately the rest of the tracks do not quite live up to the promise of their other albums like Love For Sale. The title track starts with a vocoder-voice counting down to a launch into a sizzling piece of synth-pop and girlie vocals. Painter Man is a nice sing-along while King Of The Road and Heart Of Gold are passable interpretations of these classic songs. Voodoonight, Steppenwolf and Never Change Lovers are just fillers. I recommend their Greatest Hits album because it"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The granthi (&quot;the keeper and the reader of the Sikh ... The granthi (the keeper and the reader of the Sikh scripture) - MATH - 100 [PAR] View Full Document [PAR] This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. [PAR] Unformatted text preview: The granthi (the keeper and the reader of the Sikh scripture) recites japji sahib (a Sikh prayer) while preparing karah-prashad ( a sweet regarded as food blessed by guru and should now be refused.) Hymns are recited to bless the child Ardas ( prayer that is done before performing any significant task ) is recited and the hukam ( a command or order from god ) is read. Finally, karah prashad is distributed to the congregation Dastar Bandi The process of tying a turban is called Dastar Bandi. The child is seated in front of guru granth sahib ( the holy book ) and an elder member of his family ties the turban on his head. The Granthi explains that he must never cut his hair. Prayers are said to invoke the gurus blessings on the boy. Initiation Ceremony The initiation ceremony in sikhism is known as Amrit. This procedure is necessary for any non-sikh who wishes to become a sikh. Those who are born to sikh parents are also encouraged to take amrit. A candidate for amrit must wear the five Ks and a turban (for males) and scarf (for females) SITE VISIT Gurdwara Makhan Shah Sahib Richmond Hill,NY... [PAR] Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics Chapter 2: Frequency Distribution Chapter 3: Ce [PAR] 1234"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] 17 August 1960: Live: Indra Club, Hamburg | The Beatles Bible 17 August 1960: Live: Indra Club, Hamburg | The Beatles Bible [PAR] Pictured here (l-r): John Lennon , George Harrison , Pete Best , Paul McCartney , Stuart Sutcliffe . [PAR] The group's contract was to run for two months, from 17 August to 16 October. The Beatles were to receive 30DM (\u00a32.50) per person each day, paid every Thursday. Koschmider also paid their manager Allan Williams a commission of \u00a310 each week. [PAR] They were expected to perform for four and a half hours each weekday night, from 8-9.30pm, 10-11pm, 11.30pm-12.30am and 1-2am. [PAR] They also had to play for six hours on Saturdays, from 7-8.30pm, 9-10pm, 10.30-11.30pm, 12-1am, and 1.30-3am. Sunday hours were 5-6pm, 6.30-7.30pm, 8-9pm, 9.30-10.30pm, 11-12 midnight and 12.30-1.30am. [PAR] The tired and hungry Beatles played to just a handful of spectators on this first night, mainly prostitutes and their clients. The band were also forced by Koschmider to turn down their amplifiers, following a complaint from the woman who lived above the venue. [PAR] Feeling cowed by their unfamiliar surroundings, on this opening night The Beatles played the entire four and a half hour show huddled together and stock still. Afterwards they slept in Bruno Koschmider's flat. Compared to what followed, it was a positive luxury. [PAR] Of course, on the first night we got there there weren't arrangements for anything. The club owner, Bruno Koschmider, drove us round to his house, and we ended up staying, all in the one bed. Bruno wasn't with us, fortunately, he left us to stay in his flat for the first night and went somewhere else. Eventually he put us in the back of a little cinema, the Bambi Kino, at the very end of a street called the Grosse Freiheit. [PAR] Bruno wasn't some young rock'n'roll entrepreneur, he was an old guy who had been crippled in the war. He had a limp and didn't seem to know much about music or anything. We only ever saw him once a week, when we'd try to get into his office for our wages. [PAR] The city of Hamburg was brilliant; a big lake, and then the dirty part. The Reeperbahn and Grosse Freiheit were the best thing we'd ever seen, clubs and neon lights everywhere and lots of restaurants and entertainment. It looked really good. There were seedy things about it, obviously, including some of the conditions we had to live in when we first got there. [PAR] George Harrison"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] FW DE KLERK - Entertainment-Online.co.za FW DE KLERK - QUOTES AND BOOKINGS - MOTIVATIONAL AND KEYNOTE SPEAKER - CAPE TOWN [PAR] Motivational and Keynote Speaker - Cape Town [PAR] [PAR] Frederik Willem de Klerk (born 18 March 1936), often known as F. W. de Klerk, is the former seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. De Klerk was also leader of the National Party (which later became the New National Party) from February 1989 to September 1997. [PAR] De Klerk is best known for engineering the end of apartheid, South Africa's racial segregation policy, and supporting the transformation of South Africa into a multi-racial democracy by entering into the negotiations that resulted in all citizens, including the country's black majority, having equal voting and other rights. He won F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny Peace Prize in 1991, Prince of Asturias Awards in 1992 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 along with Nelson Mandela for his role in the ending of apartheid. [PAR] FW de Klerk was one of the main architects of South Africa's constitutional democracy. During his presidency (1989-1994) he played a central role in initiating and managing the transformation process that helped to resolve centuries of inter-community conflict and create a basis for peace between South Africa\u2019s many and varied communities. [PAR] Frederik Willem de Klerk was born in Johannesburg on 18 March 1936, the son of Senator Jan De Klerk, a senior Cabinet Minister. His school years were spent mainly in Krugersdorp, where he matriculated at Monument High School. He attended the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education and graduated in 1958 with BA and LLB degrees (cum laude). During his university years he was actively involved in student affairs. [PAR] [PAR] Mr De Klerk was elected leader of the National Party in the Transvaal in March 1982 and leader of the National Party on 2 February 1989. On 15 August 1989, after the resignation of President P W Botha, Mr De Klerk became Acting State President, and after the general election of 6 September, was inaugurated as State President on 20 September 1989. Mr De Klerk served as State President until President Nelson Mandela\u2019s inauguration on 10 May 1994. During this period he initiated and presided over the inclusive negotiations that led to the dismantling of apartheid and the adoption of South Africa\u2019s first fully democratic constitution in December 1993. [PAR] After leading the National Party to the second place in South Africa\u2019s first fully representative general election of 27 April 1994, Mr De Klerk was inaugurated as one of South Africa\u2019s two Executive Deputy Presidents. He held this post until June 1996 when his Party withdrew from the Government of National Unity. From then until his retirement from active politics on 9 September 1997, Mr De Klerk was the Leader of the Official Opposition. [PAR] In January 2000 Mr De Klerk published his autobiography 'The Last Trek \u2013 a New Beginning' and the same year established the FW de Klerk Foundation. He makes numerous speeches around the world and actively participates as an elder statesman in international conferences on the promotion of harmonious relations in multi-communal societies, the future of Africa and South Africa and the challenges facing the world during the new millennium.[DOC] [TLE] Presidents of South Africa - Prominent people Presidents of South Africa - Prominent people [PAR] Prominent people [PAR] A website dedicated to famous people, celebrities, VIP's, actors, actresses, musicians, politicians [PAR] Menu [PAR] Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela [PAR] 1918 \u2013 2013 [PAR] Madiba, the tall man, the great leader and noble spirit"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] progeria - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus progeria - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus [PAR] progeria [PAR] Definition: [PAR] a rare abnormality marked by premature aging (gray hair, wrinkled skin, and stooped posture) in a child [PAR] Class: [PAR] Modern Latin from Greek prog\u0113r\u014ds, prematurely old from pro, before + g\u0113ras, old... [PAR] (Source: New World Dictionary) [more] [PAR] Definition references [PAR] Wikipedia: [PAR] Progeria | Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome | Progeria syndrome [PAR] an extremely rare genetic disease wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at a very early age. The word progeria comes from the Greek words \"pro\", meaning \"before\" or \"premature\", and \"g\u0113ras\", meaning \"old age\". The disorder has a... [PAR] progeria [PAR] [pathology] [PAR] any of several rare human disorders associated with premature aging. The two major types of progeria are Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, which has its ... [PAR] (22 of 457 words) [PAR] progeria [PAR] [medicine] [PAR] premature old age, a rare condition occurring in children and characterized by small stature, absent or greying hair, wrinkled skin, and other signs ... [PAR] (23 of 229 words, 1 usage example, pronunciation) [PAR] Oxford Dictionary: [PAR] progeria [PAR] Syllabification: (pro\u00b7ge\u00b7ri\u00b7a) | [medicine] | a rare syndrome in children characterized by physical signs and symptoms suggestive of premature old ... [PAR] (18 of 49 words, 3 definitions, pronunciation) [PAR] a rare syndrome in children characterized by physical symptoms suggestive of premature old age [PAR] (14 of 45 words, pronunciation) [PAR] American Heritage Dictionary: [PAR] progeria | Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome [PAR] A rare congenital disorder of childhood that is characterized by rapid onset of the physical changes typical of old age, usually resulting in death ... [PAR] (24 of 45 words, pronunciation) [PAR] Merriam-Webster: [PAR] progeria [PAR] a rare genetic disorder of childhood marked by slowed physical growth and characteristic signs (as baldness, wrinkled skin, and atherosclerosis) of ... [PAR] (21 of 40 words, pronunciation)[DOC] [TLE] Progeria Plagues This 5-Year-Old, and His 7-Year-Old ... Progeria Plagues This 5-Year-Old, and His 7-Year-Old Sibling - The Quint [PAR] Progeria Plagues This 5-Year-Old, and His 7-Year-Old Sibling [PAR] The Quint [PAR] December 17, 2015, 1:48 pm [PAR] The lives of two children in Ranchi have been plagued by an extreme genetic disorder called Progeria. [PAR] As a result of the disease, five-year-old Pinku and his seven-year-old sister Anjali Kumar look older than their age. The rare syndrome in children is characterised by physical symptoms suggestive of premature old age. [PAR] On consulting doctors, the parents were asked to take the children to the US. The couple, who struggles to make ends meet, said they could not afford the travel costs and avail the expensive treatment. [PAR] Usually, people with such disorders do not have a long life. [PAR] Download TheQuint App"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Teletext - worldwizzy.com Teletext [PAR] Teletext [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] This article is about the Teletext system as a whole. For the UK company whose Teletext services are also branded as \"Teletext\", see Teletext Ltd . [PAR] A BBC Ceefax page from 10 September 1999 . The headline refers to the Kensington and Chelsea by-election . [PAR] Teletext is a television information retrieval service, developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s . It offer a range of text-based information, typically including national, international and sporting news, weather and TV schedules. Subtitle (or closed caption) information is also transmitted in the teletext signal. [PAR] Teletext information is broadcast in the vertical blanking interval between image frames in a broadcast television signal. It is closely linked to the PAL broadcast system, and most PAL televisions include teletext decoders . Other teletext systems have been developed to work with the SECAM and NTSC systems, but teletext failed to gain widespread acceptance in North America and other areas where NTSC is used. In contrast, teletext is nearly ubiquitous across Europe as well as some other regions, with most major broadcasters providing a teletext service. Common teletext services include TV schedules, regularly updated current affairs and sport news, simple games (such as quizzes) and subtitling for deaf people or in different languages. [PAR] Teletext uses a numbered page metaphor to present its information, all of which is broadcast in sequence; when a viewer keys in a page number, the receiver waits until that information is broadcast again, typically within a few seconds, and retrieves it for display on-screen. More sophisticated systems use a buffer memory to store some or all of the teletext pages, for instantaneous display. [PAR] Because of its presentation of user-requested graphic information, Teletext can be seen as a predecessor of the World Wide Web . Unlike the internet , teletext is broadcast , so it does not slow down further as the number of users increase. It has proved to be a reliable text news service during events such as the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks , during which the webpages of major news sites became inaccessible due to unexpected demand. Teletext is used for carrying special packets interpreted by TVs and video recorders, containing information about channels, programming etc. (see \"Other Teletext-related services\"). [PAR] Although the term \"teletext2 tends to be used to refer to the PAL-based system, or variants, the recent availability of digital television has led to more advanced systems being provided that perform the same task, such as MHEG-5 in the UK, and Multimedia Home Platform . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Image:BBC Ceefax p101 9 1 1975.gif [PAR] An experimental BBC Ceefax teletext page from 1975 [PAR] In about 1970 the BBC had a brainstorming session in which it was decided to start researching ways to send closed captioning information to audience. As the Teledata research continued they became increasingly interested in using the same system for delivering any sort of information, not just closed captioning. Displaying subtitles requires limited bandwidth , at a rate of perhaps a few words per second. However, by combining even a slow data rate with a suitable memory, pages of information could be sent and stored in the TV for later recall. [PAR] Meanwhile the General Post Office (whose telecommunications division later became British Telecom ) had been researching a similar concept since the late 1960s, known as Viewdata. Unlike Ceefax which was a one-way service carried in the existing TV signal, Viewdata was a two-way system using telephones. Since the Post Office owned the"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Capelin - Endless Ocean Wiki - Wikia Capelin | Endless Ocean Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] The Capelin is a small fish found in the waters of the North Pole. [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] In-Game Description [PAR] \"This fish is covered in countless small scales. It forms large schools during breeding season and spawns along the coast. [PAR] Many young die after hatching and large numbers are washed up on shore. [PAR] It is often caught for food, and many are exported to Japan.\"[DOC] [TLE] Endless Ocean: Blue World Creature Information Guide for ... Endless Ocean: Blue World Creature Information Guide for Wii by ac_helper - GameFAQs [PAR] GameFAQs [PAR] Creature Information Guide by ac_helper [PAR] More for Endless Ocean: Blue World (WII): [PAR] Version: 2.5 | Updated: 05/17/12 | Search Guide | Bookmark Guide [PAR] E N D L E S S O C E A N : B L U E W O R L D =====C R E A T U R E I N F O R M A T I O N G U I D E===== THIS GUIDE CONTAINS SPOILERS OF ALL KINDS; USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! Use the Ctrl + F feature for the 3 letter abbreviation that matches what section or location you're looking for. ================================================= TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction------------------------------------------[INT] SECTION 1: Creatures by Book Order-------------[CBO] Coral Reef Life----------------------------------------[CRL] Small Marine Life-------------------------------------[SML] Large Marine Life-------------------------------------[LML] Dolphins and Whales---------------------------------[DAW] Deep Sea Life-----------------------------------------[DSL] Shore Life---------------------------------------------[SHL] Freshwater Life---------------------------------------[FWL] Other Fauna-------------------------------------------[OTF] SECTION 2: Creatures by area---------------------[CBA] Gatama Atoll------------------------------------------[GAA] Deep Hole---------------------------------------------[DEH] Ciceros Strait-----------------------------------------[CIS] Valka Castle------------------------------------------[VAC] North Coast of Canada------------------------------[NCC] Weddell Sea------------------------------------------[WES] Iceberg Cavern--------------------------------------[ICC] Cortica River Midstream----------------------------[CRM] Cortica River Upstream-----------------------------[CRU] Zahhab Region---------------------------------------[ZAR] Zahhab Region Depths------------------------------[ZRD] Cavern of the Gods----------------------------------[COG] SECTION 3: Creature trivia info-------------------[CTI] CREDITS---------------------------------------------[CRE] COPYRIGHT INFO------------------------------------[CRI] ================================================= ===Introduction [INT]=== Hello, and welcome to ac_helper's Creature Information Guide! This guide not only includes each creature's name, but info on where it can be found, and what (if any) special conditions need to exist in order to find it. Although it is likely that many creatures can be found just by doing the main plot, and doing some relaxing diving when you're done or taking a break from the main plot, there are others that are more elusive, and you may find you need a little more help to find them. This is what the guide is for. I have decided to make 2 sections in the guide: a list of creatures in the order they can be found in your \"Marine Life Encyclopedia\", and another list of the same creatures in the order they can be found by area. (This means some creatures will be repeated in the area listing, as some can be found in more than one area.) The creature list by area will also double as a checklist. I will separate the fish found only in that area, and the fish that can be found in other areas for easier reference. This listing goes by the North American version of the game, but I will also list the creature's name in the EU version, if I know what it is. After you fully complete the main plot (meaning the CotG is closed), when you click on the silhouette of an unfound creature in your book, you can flip through the area maps and see where it's found. Each square a creature can be found in is colored reddish brown. This guide is so you can see where all the creatures are without having to constantly go back to Nineball Island to look at the book. If you"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Religion of President Richard Nixon - Adherents.com The Religion of President Richard Nixon [PAR] Richard Nixon was the 37th President of the United States. [PAR] Richard Nixon previously served as U.S. Vice-President from 1953-61 under Pres. Eisenhower. [PAR] Richard Nixon was a Quaker. [PAR] Nixon hosted religious services in East Room of White House while he was President. [PAR] Numerous books and articles are available which discuss Richard Nixon's religious affiliation as a Quaker. One excellent article is: Chuck Fager's \"Richard Nixon and the Quakers\" , which discusses material in Jonathan Aitken's book Nixon: A Life (Regnery). [PAR] From: Piers Anthony (who was himself a Quaker), Bio of an Ogre, Berkley Publishing Group: New York, NY (1988), page 63: [PAR] As [George Bernard] Shaw... said: \"What a man believes may be ascertained, not form his creed, but form the assumptionson which he habitually acts.\" So I endorse much of Quakerism, but have no formal participation. Richard Nixon, whom I regard as our nation's first criminal president, professed to be a Quaker; obviously he was something else. [PAR] From: Richard N. Ostling (Associated Press), \"Old custom: U.S. presidents tangle with their religious denominations\", published 9 February 2003, in The Post & Courier (Charleston, South Carolina) (http://charleston.net/stories/020903/rel_09prez.shtml; 6 July 2003 version of page viewed via archive.org on 29 November 2005): [PAR] ...\"It's relatively easy for presidents to get on the outs with their denominations,\" says Wake Forest University Divinity School Dean Bill J. Leonard. It's hard to find a 20th-century president who didn't butt heads with some in his faith: [PAR] ...Richard Nixon, a nominal Quaker, was strongly opposed by that pacifist faith over the Vietnam War. [PAR] ...Ultimately, Southern Methodist University ethicist Robin Lovin says, politicians' moral judgments are influenced far less by today's church pronouncements than by their religious upbringing. The sermons, discussions and Sunday school classes in their home congregations many years ago may be their guide. [PAR] Search Adherents.com[DOC] [TLE] Richard Nixon - U.S. President - Biography.com Richard Nixon - U.S. President - Biography.com [PAR] U.S. President [PAR] Richard Nixon was the 37th U.S. president and the only commander-in-chief to resign from his position, after the 1970s Watergate scandal. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] \u00bb [PAR] quotes [PAR] \u201cDefeat doesn't finish a man, quit does. A man is not finished when he's defeated. He's finished when he quits.\u201d [PAR] \u201cRemember, always give your best. Never get discouraged. Never be petty. Always remember, others may hate you. But those who hate you don't win unless you hate them. And then you destroy yourself.\u201d [PAR] \u201cIf you want to make beautiful music, you must play the black and the white notes together.\u201d [PAR] \u0097Richard Nixon [PAR] Richard Nixon - Mini Biography (TV-PG; 5:47) Richard Nixon served as Vice President under Dwight Eisenhower and was the Republican Nominee for President in 1960. He was elected President in 1968, won re-election in 1972, and resigned in 1974 after the Watergate scandal. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born on January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California, Richard Nixon was a Republican congressman who served as vice president under Dwight D. Eisenhower. Nixon ran for president in 1960 but lost to charismatic Massachusetts senator John F. Kennedy. Undeterred, Nixon return to the race eight years later and won the White House by a solid margin. In 1974, he resigned rather than be impeached for covering up illegal activities of party members in the Watergate affair. He died on April 22, 1994, at age 81, in New York City. [PAR] Early Life and Military Service [PAR] Born on January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Orkney Main Page - geni.com Orkney Main Page [PAR] Orkney Main Page [PAR] The local people are known as Orcadians [PAR] Landmarks and Places of Interest [PAR] The Old Man of Hoy [PAR] Scapa Flow - HQ for the north Atlantic naval fleet in both world wars [PAR] Maeshowe Chambered Cairn - [PAR] Stone circles at Stenness and Brodgar [PAR] Monoliths, Setter Stone of Eday, Yetnasteen of Rousay and North Ronaldsay\u2019s Stan Stane. [PAR] Skara Brae, a well-preserved Neolithic village on the edge of the bay of Skaill. [PAR] Area 990 Sq. km (380 sq. miles) [PAR] Population [PAR] County Flower - Alpine Bearberry [PAR] Orkney, also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago in northern Scotland comprising approximately 70 islands, of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island is known as the \"Mainland\". Orkney is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, a constituency of the Scottish Parliament, a lieutenancy area, and a former county. [PAR] The islands are mainly low-lying except for some sandstone hills on Hoy, Mainland and Rousay and rugged cliffs on some western coasts. Nearly all of the islands have lochs, but the watercourses are merely streams draining the high land. The coastlines are indented, and the islands themselves are divided from each other by straits generally called \"sounds\" or \"firths\". [PAR] The Parishes of Orkney [PAR] Numbers in [..] refer to Parish Map below [PAR] Birsay [1] [PAR] Burray -- see South Ronaldshay; [17] [PAR] Deerness; [2] [PAR] Islands with an area greater than 15 hectares (approximately 37 acres). [PAR] Auskerry [PAR] Wyre [PAR] Smaller islets and skerries [PAR] Uninhabited smaller Orkney islands (many of which are called \"Holm\" from the Old Norse holmr, meaning a small and rounded islet), tidal islets only separated at higher stages of the tide, or skerries which are only exposed at lower stages of the tide. [PAR] In the vicinity of: [PAR] Auskerry: Lunga Skerries, Oessen Skerry, The Clett. [PAR] Calf of Eday: Lashy Skerries, The Bow. [PAR] Cava: Barrel of Butter. [PAR] Copinsay: Black Holm, Corn Holm, Horse of Copinsay, Scarf Skerry, Sow Skerry, Ward Holm. [PAR] Eday: Green Holm, Red Holm, Rusk Holm. [PAR] Egilsay: Kili Holm. [PAR] Gairsay: Holm of Boray, Holm of Rendall, Little Seal Skerry, Skertours, Taing Skerry. [PAR] Glims Holm: Dulse Skerry, Glimpsholm Skerry. [PAR] Graemsay: Middle Skerry, Skerry of Cletts, Sour Skerry, Sow Skerry. [PAR] Hoy: Grassy Cletts, Inner Skerry, Middle Skerry, Old Man of Hoy, Outer Skerry, The Needle. [PAR] Mainland: Bo Skerry, Bow Skerries, Braga, Brough of Bigging, Holm of Houton, Holm of Rendall, Iceland Skerry, Kirk Rocks, Little Skerry, Mirkady Point, Nevi Skerry, Outer Holm, Oyster Skerries, Puldrite Skerry, Quanterness Skerry, Scare Gun, Seal Skerry, Skaill Skerries, Skerries of Clestrain, Skerries of Coubister, Skerries of Lakequoy, Skerry of Work, Skerry of Yinstay, Smoogro Skerry, Thieves Holm, Whyabatten, Yesnaby Castle. [PAR] Muckle Skerry: Clettack Skerry, Little Skerry, Louther Skerry. [PAR] North Ronaldsay: Altars of Linnay, Green Skerry, Hoe Skerries, Reefdyke, Seal Skerry. [PAR] Papa Stronsay: Jack's Hole, Jack's Reef. [PAR] Papa Westray: Cairn Head, Muckle Quoy. [PAR] Rousay: Little Brig, Muckle Brig. [PAR] Sanday: Baa Gruna,"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] kashubia photos on Flickr | Flickr kashubia photos on Flickr | Flickr [PAR] 99+ [PAR] Wikipedia about Gdansk: Gda\u0144sk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland's principal seaport and the center of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area. The city lies on the southern edge of Gda\u0144sk Bay (of the Baltic Sea), in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Tr\u00f3jmiasto), with a population near 740,000. Gda\u0144sk itself has a population of 455,830 (June 2010), making it the largest city in the Pomerania region of Northern Poland. Gda\u0144sk is the historical capital of Gda\u0144sk Pomerania and the largest city of Kashubia. The city was close to the former late medieval boundary between West Slavic and Germanic seized lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city. It has been part of modern Poland since 1945. Gda\u0144sk is situated at the mouth of the Mot\u0142awa River, connected to the Leniwka, a branch in the delta of the nearby Vistula River, whose waterway system supplies 60% of the area of Poland and connects Gda\u0144sk to the national capital in Warsaw. This gives the city a unique advantage as the center of Poland's sea trade. Together with the nearby port of Gdynia, Gda\u0144sk is also an important industrial centre. Historically an important seaport and shipbuilding centre, Gda\u0144sk was a member of the Hanseatic League. The city was the birthplace of the Solidarity movement which under the leadership of Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa, played a major role in bringing an end to Communist rule across Central Europe."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Rudyard Kipling's \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\": Mixing Words and ... Rudyard Kipling's \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\": Mixing Words and Pictures | EDSITEment [PAR] Rudyard Kipling's \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\": Mixing Words and Pictures [PAR] Tools [PAR] Credit: Courtesy of Wikipedia , via EDSITEment reviewed Internet Public Library . [PAR] During the Victorian Era, British author Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) was both respected as a journalist and lauded as \"The Poet of the [British] Empire.\" In his fiction, though, he blended the best of both skills and was ultimately awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907 \"in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas, and remarkable talent for narration which characterizes [his] creations.\" \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi,\" a short story from The Jungle Book (1894), is an engaging example of Kipling's ability to mix scientific and historical fact with imaginative characterizations to create a believable and entertaining tale. [PAR] In this lesson, students will read an illustrated version of \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi,\" examine how Kipling and visual artists mix observation with imagination to create remarkable works, and follow similar principles to create a work of their own. [PAR] Guiding Questions [PAR] How does the artist create meaningful illustrations to accompany Rudyard Kipling's engaging narrative \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\"? [PAR] Learning Objectives [PAR] Demonstrate comprehension of plot events and character motivations. [PAR] Describe the author's purpose and evaluate the techniques used to achieve it. [PAR] Identify and differentiate between facts and examples of personification. [PAR] Understand and apply an artist's media, techniques, and processes. [PAR] Preparation Instructions [PAR] The Jungle Book including \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\" with Drake\u2019s original illustrations is available as an e-text through ebooks@Adelaide from The University of Adelaide Library [PAR] Preview the EDSITEment-reviewed \" Art Safari ,\" from the Museum of Modern Art , to gain familiarity with its layout. [PAR] Lesson Activities [PAR] Activity 2. Your Turn! [PAR] Activity 1. Art Safari [PAR] If they have not already done so for Lesson One: Rudyard Kipling's \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\": Mixing Fact and Fiction , have your students read the story \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\" from The Jungle Book with Drake\u2019s original illustrations that is available as an e-text through ebooks@Adelaide from The University of Adelaide Library. [PAR] Remind your students that the \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\" tale they read is illustrated. You may wish to explain that while authors create stories with text, artists often create stories with paint or sculpture. Introduce students to the Metropolitan Museum of Art's website by saying they will be going on an \"Art Safari\" to take a closer look at how artists create \"stories\" in their works. Then guide your students through the EDSITEment-reviewed \" Art Safari \" from the Museum of Modern Art . [PAR] When your students finish, have them return to the online text and scroll down to the following two illustrations to discuss the artwork: [PAR] 1. \"He Jumped Up in the Air, and Just Under Him Whizzed by the head of Nagaina.\" [PAR] Is this artwork realistic or is it more like a cartoon? How do you know? [PAR] Your students should understand that the artist uses a realistic style; the animals and setting look as they would look in nature. [PAR] Why do you think the artist chose to draw the scene in this style? [PAR] Guide your students to understand that the artist probably drew the scene realistically because Kipling's story, which is grounded in facts about the animals and their behavior, also seems \"real.\" You may wish to have your students imagine what the story might have looked like if the artist used a cartoon-like style to emphasize that the artist mirrored Kipling's writing style. [PAR] How do you think each of the characters feels"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Stonewall Jackson - American Civil War - HISTORY.com Stonewall Jackson - American Civil War - HISTORY.com [PAR] Google [PAR] Stonewall Jackson\u2019s Early Years [PAR] Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born on January 21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Virginia (now West Virginia ). When Jackson was two years old, his six-year-old sister died of typhoid fever. His father, Jonathan Jackson (1790-1826), an attorney, perished of the same disease a short time later, leaving his wife, Julia Neale Jackson (1798-1831), with three children and considerable debt. After Julia Jackson remarried in 1830, to a man who reportedly disliked his stepchildren, Thomas Jackson and his siblings were sent to live with various relatives. The future Civil War hero was raised by an uncle in the town of Jackson\u2019s Mill, located in present-day West Virginia. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] In 1954, Stonewall Jackson's home in Lexington, Virginia\u2014the only home he ever owned\u2014was turned into a museum and historic site. Jackson lived in the home, which is filled with period furniture and some of his personal possessions, during the decade he taught at the Virginia Military Institute. [PAR] In 1842, Jackson enrolled at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Older than many of the other students, he initially struggled with the curriculum and endured frequent ridicule for his modest background and relatively poor education. However, Jackson worked hard and eventually met with academic success, graduating in 1846. [PAR] Jackson left West Point just as the Mexican War was starting and he was sent to Mexico as a lieutenant with the 1st U.S. Artillery. He quickly earned a reputation for toughness and bravery, and by the war\u2019s end in 1848 he held the rank of brevet major. Jackson continued his military service until he accepted a professorship at the Virginia Military Institute in 1851. [PAR] Stonewall Jackson\u2019s Civilian Life [PAR] Jackson spent 10 years as a professor of artillery tactics and natural philosophy (similar to modern-day physics) at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington. He was better at teaching artillery than natural philosophy, and was disliked by some cadets for his brusqueness, lack of sympathy and eccentric behavior. Students mocked him for his hypochondria and his habit of keeping one arm elevated to hide a perceived discrepancy in the length of his limbs. [PAR] In 1853, Jackson married Elinor Junkin (1825-54), the daughter of a Presbyterian minister who was the president of Washington College. She died in childbirth 14 months later; in 1857, Jackson married Mary Anna Morrison (1831-1915), the daughter of a former president of Davidson College. The following year, the couple had a daughter; however, the child lived for only a month. Jackson\u2019s one surviving daughter, Julia Laura (1862-89), was born less than a year before her father\u2019s death. [PAR] Jackson\u2019s final years in the Lexington community earned him a reputation as an honest and dutiful man of devout faith. He did not drink, gamble or smoke. When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, Jackson accepted a commission as a colonel in the Confederate army and went off to war, never to return to Lexington alive. [PAR] Jackson Earns His Name [PAR] During the first wave of secession from December 1860 through February 1861, during which time seven Southern states declared their independence from the U.S., Jackson hope that his home state of Virginia would remain in the Union. However, when Virginia seceded in April 1861, he supported the Confederacy, showing his loyalty to his state over the federal government. [PAR] Jackson served only briefly as a colonel before receiving a promotion to brigadier general under General Joseph E. Johnston (1807-91)."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] rules - Points are given in tennis 15-30-40. Why 40 ... rules - Points are given in tennis 15-30-40. Why 40? - Sports Stack Exchange [PAR] Points are given in tennis 15-30-40. Why 40? [PAR] up vote 71 down vote favorite [PAR] 10 [PAR] Tennis scoring goes 15-30-40-game. Why 40? Why not 45? What is the meaning of the points being given in tennis as 15-30-40-game? What is the history of this scoring calculation? [PAR] up vote 59 down vote accepted [PAR] The answer to this is a little convoluted and the answer is just what is \"believed\" to have been the reason behind the scoring numbers, but since tennis is a game that dates back to the 19th century, it's tough to know for sure. [PAR] Anyway, here goes... [PAR] Think of a clock face that is divided up into quadrants - which would give you the 15, 30, 45, and 60 intervals. The problem with using that to score tennis games though, is that to win a game, you have to win by 2 points if the score reaches deuce (40-40 or \"40 all\"). So it is believed that the first 3 points would advance the hand to 15, 30 and 40 - and then the next 2 points would advance the hand by 10 minutes - first to 50, then to 60 - still keeping the game finished at the 60 mark. If the (serving) player failed to win 2 points in a row after deuce, the hand would move back to 40 and the score would be at deuce again. [PAR] See here for some additional theories behind the scoring nomenclature. [PAR] up vote 28 down vote [PAR] The best explanation I could find of this is from Wikipedia : [PAR] The origins of the 15, 30, and 40 scores are believed to be medieval French. It is possible that a clock face was used on court, with a quarter move of the hand to indicate a score of 15, 30, and 45. When the hand moved to 60, the game was over. However, in order to ensure that the game could not be won by a one-point difference in players' scores, the idea of \"deuce\" was introduced. To make the score stay within the \"60\" ticks on the clock face, the 45 was changed to 40. [PAR] Therefore, if both players have 40, the first player to score receives ten and that moves the clock to 50. If the player scores a second time before the opponent is able to score, they are awarded another ten and the clock moves to 60. The 60 signifies the end of the game. However, if a player fails to score twice in a row, then the clock would move back to 40 to establish another \"deuce\". [PAR] It makes very well sense that this is the case. [PAR] up vote 10 down vote [PAR] As for the history of tennis scoring, there are two background stories: [PAR] That it has its origin in medieval numerology. The number 60 was considered to be a \"good\" or \"complete\" number back then, in about the same way you'd consider 100 to be a nice round figure today. The medieval version of tennis, therefore, was based on 60--the four points when 15, 30, 45 (which we abbreviate to 40) and 60, or game. [PAR] The system may be based on the presence of a clock face at the end of the tennis court. A quarter move of the appropriate hand was made after each rest, with the score being called"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] The Checkered History of Checkers The Checkered History of Checkers [PAR] Visit \u00bb [PAR] The Checkered History of Checkers [PAR] The board game called \"Checkers\" in North America and \"Draughts\" (pronounced as \"drafts\") in Europe is one of the oldest games known to man. The history of checkers can be traced to the very cradle of civilization, where vestiges of the earliest form of the game was unearthed in an archeological dig in the ancient city of Ur in southern Mesopotamia, which is now modern day Iraq. Using a slightly different board, no one is sure of the exact rules of the game which was carbon dated at 3000 B.C. A similar game using a 5x5 board, called Alquerque is known to have existed in ancient Egypt as far back as 1400 B.C. [PAR] This Egyptian version was so popular that man played it for thousands of years. Then, in the year 1100 A.D., an innovative Frenchman thought of playing the game on a chess board and increased the number of pieces for each player to 12. This modified game was then called \"Fierges\" or \"Ferses,\" but it was more appropriately called as \"Le Jeu Plaisant De Dames,\" because it was considered a women's social game. Later, the game was made more challenging by making jumps mandatory and so, this newer version was referred to as \"Jeu Force.\" [PAR] As early as the mid 1500s, books were written on the game and in 1756, an English mathematician wrote a treatise on draughts. Now, with its own written rules, the game settled in England where it was known as \"Draughts\" and in America where it was called \"Checkers.\" The game steadily rose in popularity as the years went by. 1847 was an important year in the history of checkers when the first championship award was given. Later, game enthusiasts noticed that certain openings gave advantage to one side. And so, to begin the game in a random manner, two move restrictions were developed for expert players. In modern tournament checkers three move restrictions are prescribed. [PAR] 1952 was a landmark year in the colorful history of checkers as Arthur L. Samuel created the first checkers program that was used by a computer. Gradually, these game programs were improved as computer speed and capacities increased. Today, computer programs rely more on data base information that show every possible move combinations when 10 pieces remain on the board and less on strategies. Checkers has entered practically every home through the Internet and has played to a draw and sometimes, even defeated the best players. Checkers continues to be as popular as ever and people all over the world play different versions of the game to entertain themselves, strengthen their powers of logic or simply enjoy quality time playing a good game at home with the family."
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] NATO phonetic alphabet - Military Wiki - Wikia NATO phonetic alphabet | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet . [PAR] FAA radiotelephony alphabet and Morse code chart [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet, more accurately known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet and also called the ICAO phonetic or ICAO spelling alphabet, as well as the ITU phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used spelling alphabet. Although often called \"phonetic alphabets\", spelling alphabets do not have any association with phonetic transcription systems, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet . Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned code words acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet so that critical combinations of letters and numbers can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of their native language or the presence of transmission static. [PAR] The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Some of the 26 words have altered pronunciations: Charlie can be either \"char-lee\" or \"shar-lee\", and Uniform is either \"you-nee-form\" or \"oo-nee-form\", neither of which is the English pronunciation of the word. Oscar is pronounced \"oss-cah\" and Victor as \"vik-tah\" without the 'r', even by people who would normally pronounce it. Papa is pronounced \"Pa-PAH\" with the accent on the second syllable instead of the first. The code word Quebec is pronounced as French \"keh-beck\". The ICAO and FAA use the standard number words of English (zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine) with four altered pronunciations (tree, fower, fife, niner), whereas the ITU and IMO use ten code words for numbers (nadazero, unaone, bissotwo, terrathree, kartefour, pantafive, soxisix, setteseven, octoeight, novenine). [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] After the phonetic alphabet was developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) (see history below) it was adopted by many other international and national organizations, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the American Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), and the American Radio Relay League (ARRL). It is a subset of the much older International Code of Signals (INTERCO), which originally included visual signals by flags or flashing light, sound signals by whistle, siren, foghorn, or bell, as well as one, two, or three letter codes for many phrases. [1] The same alphabetic code words are used by all agencies, but each agency chooses one of two different sets of numeric code words. NATO uses the regular English numeric words (Zero, One, with some alternative pronunciations), whereas the IMO provides for compound numeric words (Nadazero, Unaone, Bissotwo...). In practice these are used very rarely, as they frequently result in confusion between speakers of different languages. [PAR] NATO [PAR] Edit [PAR] A common name for this spelling alphabet, \"NATO phonetic alphabet,\" exists because it appears in Allied Tactical Publication ATP-1, Volume II: Allied Maritime Signal and Maneuvering Book used by all allied navies of NATO, which adopted a modified form of the International Code of Signals. Because the latter allows messages to be spelled via flags or Morse code , it naturally named the code words used to spell out messages by voice its \"phonetic alphabet\". The name NATO phonetic alphabet became widespread because the signals"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Olympic Games Mascots - Topend Sports Olympic Games Mascots [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > Mascots [PAR] Olympic Games Mascots [PAR] The first mascot in Olympic history made its appearance at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, though it was not an official mascot. Also in Mexico 1968 there were unofficial dove and jaguar mascots. The idea of an Olympic mascot was officially approved at the 73rd Session of the International Olympic Committee in Munich 1972. Therefore the first official Olympic mascot was Waldi the dachshund at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. [PAR] Since then, mascots have become a major element of the Olympic brand. Mascots act as a vehicle for communicating the Olympic spirit to the general public, especially children and youth. They have come in many shapes and sizes, though they all convey the theme of the Olympic Games, and showcase the distinctive geographical features, history and culture of the host city. [PAR] Up until 1992, most Olympic mascots were created based on an animal unique to the host country. Since then, human or invented figures have been used, and often more than one mascot - the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympic Games had four mascots; the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games had three and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games had two, and Beijing had five! London has gone back to one, but one for each of the Olympic Games and Paralympics. [PAR] List of Olympic Games Mascots (Summer Games) [PAR] Year [PAR] 2016 Rio [PAR] Vinicius (Olympic Games) and Tom (Paralympic Games) [PAR] Vinicius is a bright yellow and cat-like Olympic mascot, meant to represent a mix of all Brazilian animals. He was named after the poet and bossa nova composer Vinicius de Moraes. There is also a separate green leaf-haired Paralympic mascot called Tom, representing all of Brazil's plant species (see more about 2016 Mascots ) [PAR] 2012 London [PAR] Wenlock (Olympic Games) and Mandeville (Paralympics) [PAR] These two playful cartoon animations were said to be created from the last drops of steel left over from the construction of the final support girder for the London Olympic Stadium. Their names derive from the 'Wenlock Games' and the 'Stoke Mandeville Games', early British inspirations for the current Olympics and Paralympics. The design includes a single eye which is a camera, and yellow lights on their heads like London's black taxis. (more about 2012 Mascots ) [PAR] 2008 Beijing [PAR] Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini [PAR] There are five Olympic Mascots for Beijing 2008: Beibei (blue Fish), Jingjing (black Panda), Huanhuan (red Flame), Yingying (yellow Antelope) and Nini (green Swallow). Their five names together \u2013 \"Bei Jing Huan Ying Ni\" \u2013 translates as \u2018Welcome to Beijing\u2019. (more about 2008 Mascots ) [PAR] 2004 Athens [PAR] Athena and Phevos [PAR] The two mascots for the Athens Olympics are based on thousands of years old dolls found at archeological sites in Greece. They are called Athena and Phevos, and have whacking feet, longish necks and puny heads. One is colored deep yellow, the other in deep blue. They are named after two gods from Greek mythology: Phevos, the god of light and music, and Athena, goddess of wisdom and patron of the city of Athens. [PAR] 2000 Sydney [PAR] Syd, Olly and Millie [PAR] The three mascots from the Sydney Olympic Games are based on native Australian animals. Their names are short for Olympic, Sydney and Millennium. \"Olly\", a kookaburra, epitomizes the Olympic spirit of generosity and universal generosity.; \"Syd\", a platypus, represents the environment and captures the vigor and energy of Australia and its"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] World Religions - Syncretistic Traditions on Pinterest ... 1000+ images about World Religions - Syncretistic Traditions on Pinterest | Facts, Eyes and BBC [PAR] Forward [PAR] Santeria (Way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. The religion is also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule of Osha. Santeria is a syncretic religion that grew out of the slave trade in Cuba. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] \u00abDEATH & DYING BY DIFFERENT RELIGIONS\u00bb - SANTERIA \u00ef\u00bf\u0153DEATH & DYING BY DIFFERENT RELIGIONS\u00ef\u00bf\u0153 - SANTERIA [PAR] \u00ef\u00bf\u0153DEATH & DYING BY DIFFERENT RELIGIONS\u00ef\u00bf\u0153 [PAR] Bratislava, Slovak Republik [PAR] \u2666The growth of Santeria [PAR] [PAR] Santeria is essentially an African way of worship drawn into a symbiotic relationship with Catholicism.The Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. Marcea Eliade [PAR] Santer\u00eda is an amorphous, practical, and oral tradition which promises wisdom and power in dealing with life's hardships.Hector Avalos, Introduction to the U.S. Latina and Latino Religious Experience, 2004 [PAR] \u2666Santeria (The way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. The religion is also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule of Osha. [PAR] \u2666Santeria incorporates elements of several faiths and so is what's called a 'syncretic' religion. It has grown beyond its Yoruba and Catholic origins to become a religion in its own right, and a powerful symbol of the religious creativity of Afro-Cuban culture. [PAR] \u2666The centre of the religion is Cuba, but it has spread to the USA and other nearby countries, particularly after the Cuban revolution in 1959. [PAR] For a long time Santeria was a secretive underground religion, but it's becoming increasingly visible in the Americas: [PAR] Once dismissed as a ghetto religion practiced only by the Caribbean poor and uneducated, Santeria has a growing following among middle-class professionals, including white, black and Asian Americans. [PAR] There are police officers in New York who pray to Obatala, the father of all deities, or orishas, before they slip on their gun belts. [PAR] There are lawyers and professors, civil servants and musicians whose homes are filled with altars laden with flowers, rum, cake and cigars to keep the gods happy and helpful. Many dress in white to symbolize purity. [PAR] Lizette Alvarez, After Years of Secrecy, Santeria Is Suddenly Much More Popular. And Public, New York Times 27/01/1997 [PAR] Revolutionary Cuba clamped-down on Santeria at first, but over the last 15 years or so the government tolerated it more and more and now allows it to flourish. Cynics say that this is because Santeria brings considerable hard currency to the island. [PAR] It's difficult to know how many people follow Santeria, as there's no central organisation, and the religion is often practised in private. Some estimates go as high as a hundred million Santeria believers worldwide. [PAR] \u25baBELIEFS [PAR] [PAR] \u2666Santeria deities [PAR] The religion focuses on building relationships between human beings and powerful, but mortal, spirits, called Orishas. An Orisha is a manifestation of Olodumare (God). [PAR] \u2666Santeria and slavery [PAR] Santeria was created in Cuba by the mingling of Yoruba traditions brought by enslaved Africans from Nigeria and Benin with the Roman Catholic faith of the Spanish plantation owners. [PAR] Attempts were made to convert the enslaved Africans, but while they accepted much of the missionary teachings, they didn't find that these provided sufficient 'religious fulfilment'. [PAR] They continued to practice their own rituals, which they found to be useful and effective, and which, most importantly, filled the spiritual space in lives torn from"
    },
    {
        "context": "[DOC] [TLE] Absurd Creature of the Week: The Fish That Wears a Suction ... Absurd Creature of the Week: The Fish That Wears a Suction Cup as a Hat | WIRED [PAR] Absurd Creature of the Week: The Fish That Wears a Suction Cup as a Hat [PAR] subscribe [PAR] 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable [PAR] Phone Charger. [PAR] On Twitter [PAR] 11 hours [PAR] Some people think LeBron flopped during this mid-game collision. So we used physics to calculate how hard he was hi\u2026 twitter.com/i/web/status/8\u2026 [PAR] Slide: 1 / of 5. Caption: Getty Images [PAR] Slide: 2 / of 5. Caption: Caption: A remora's suckerChristopher Kenaley [PAR] Slide: 3 / of 5. Caption: Caption: Behold the remora's sucker, the most adhesive hat on Earth other than that time a British dude super-glued a tiny hat to his head . Dave Johnson [PAR] Slide: 4 / of 5. Caption: Caption: Teeth of the larval remoraDave Johnson [PAR] Slide: 5 / of 5. Caption: Rodger Klein/WaterFrame/Getty Images [PAR] Author: Matt Simon. Matt Simon Science [PAR] Date of Publication: 08.21.15. [PAR] Time of Publication: 9:00 am. [PAR] 9:00 am [PAR] Absurd Creature of the Week: The Fish That Wears a Suction Cup as a Hat [PAR] Yeah, that's the top of the remora's head. It's as surprised as you are! Getty Images [PAR] Pliny the Elder, the legendary Roman naturalist who was nevertheless wrong about, oh, somewhere around 98 percent of the things he claimed, once wrote of the echeneis \u2014a small, slug-like fish with a habit of sticking to ships and bringing them to a dead stop. The emperor Caligula supposedly met echeneis the hard way on a return journey to Antium. Slowed to a halt, he ordered his men to inspect the belly of the ship, and sure enough they found the fish stuck to the rudder. After they removed it and eventually reached land, Caligula\u2019s men assassinated him, perhaps a bit upset about being clowned by a fish. [PAR] Related Links [PAR] Today, biologists know that fish as the remora, literally meaning \u201chindrance.\u201d And you\u2019ve no doubt seen it before. It\u2019s the critter that sticks to sharks, hitching a free ride and hoovering up its host\u2019s scraps all the while. It can\u2019t stop ships, but it is in possession of one of the most striking adaptations in the sea: a suction cup it wears for a hat. [PAR] When you see a remora stuck to the top of a shark, it\u2019s not suctioning on with its mouth. In fact, it\u2019s flipped upside down, using a specialized structure on the top of its head to get a grip. And it doesn\u2019t just target sharks. Remoras go after all kinds of creatures, from sea turtles to manta rays to whales